bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI BERBASIS STEAM TERINTEGRASI LITERASI SAINS TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA
Authors: Hilman Hadi  , Nur'aini  , Wawan Muliawan  , Marhamah
Published: August 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of STEAM-based biology learning integrated with science literacy on students' creative thinking skills. This type of research uses quasi-experimental design. The population of this study were all grade X students at MA Mu "allimin NWDI Pancor in the 2023/2024 academic year. The research sample was determined by Simple Random Sampling technique. Class X-B as an experimental class using the STEAM approach and class X-A as a control class using the lecture method. The research design used was Posttest-Only Control Design. Data collection techniques were carried out through creative thinking instruments. Data were analyzed using independent sample t test analysis. The hypothesis results show that tcount> ttable (3.525> 1.645) which means H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted.
Novel one-pot synthesis of nitrogen-containing derivatives via C-N bond formation and C-O bond cleavage
Authors: Zahra Naseri Motlagh  , Masoumeh Mohammadi
Published: August 2024

Ortho-aminophenols are significant organic compounds known for their versatility and wide-ranging applications in materials science, synthesis, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and industry. In this work, we present novel synthetic methods that utilize readily available and cost-effective materials, namely catechol, Cd(NO3)2 as a catalyst, and H2O/EtOH solvent. These proposed synthesis methods involve mild, one-pot reactions that facilitate the formation of both C-N and cleavage of C-O bond. This approach leads to the production of various nitrogen-containing derivatives with remarkably high yields and efficiency.
AI-driven cybersecurity solutions for real-time threat detection in critical infrastructure
Authors: Bright Ojo  , Chukwudi Tabitha Aghaunor
Published: August 2024

Cyber-security as a concept relates to the protection of critical infrastructures that are significant to the security of a nation. Because many security threats have targeted computer-based critical infrastructures, nations have considered it necessary to enhance their security to detect and predict cyber threats accurately. This paper aimed to discuss the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in increasing real-time threat detection to critical infrastructures such as water facilities and transport systems. Through the implementation and application of AI, it is easier to not only detect the threat but also counter it promptly. Thus, the paper discussed the latest AI technologies, the approaches for their use and the cases, for example, the Colonial Pipeline ransomware attack, to demonstrate AI’s capabilities and limitations in this area. Other strategies such as measures and formulation of policies were also considered to ensure sound protection and improvement policies and regulations framework for cybersecurity.
Phytochemical constituents, extraction and pharmacological activity of vitex agnus-Castus nanoparticle
Authors: RA. Devaakshayah shreenithee  , J.P. Shanmadi  , A.B. Hariharasudhan
Published: August 2024

As a participant of the Verbenaceae family, Vitex agnus-castus comprises a wide range of chemical machineries, including flavonoids, phenolic compounds, iridoid glycosides, and essential oils. Because of its hormonal effects, it is primarily used to treat PMS, menstrual disorders, and menopausal difficulties. Green synthesis, which services plant extracts convert into metal ions into nanoparticles, its process used to make Vitex negundo nanoparticles, also denoted as nano formulations or nanoscale versions of Vitex negundo extract. This process comprises heating or ultrasonicating the plant extract after it has been jointing with a solution containing metal ions, such as silver, gold, copper oxide, or zinc oxide. This allows the phytochemicals in the extract to reduce metal ions into nanoparticles. The green synthesis experiments are both environmentally kind and sustainable. Vitex linn leaf extract is the starting point for silver and gold nanoparticles, which has some indication in pharmacological properties because of their nanoscale features, which gives antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory property, antitumor, and wound-healing abilities.
Design and development of a rocker-bogie mechanism robot with integrated environmental sensors
Authors: Mohit Vithal. Khade  , Hrushikesh B. Kulkarni  , Sarang L. Joshi  , Sagar V. Wankhede
Published: August 2024

Today, the importance of rovers in exploring our solar system is universally acknowledged. These specialized vehicles are crafted mainly for missions that explore the surfaces of celestial bodies like Mars and the Moon, focusing on the geological analysis of rocks and soil. The harsh environmental conditions, climatic fluctuations, and communication challenges necessitate rovers to possess both high-speed and long-range capabilities within constrained mission timelines. Although significant advancements have been made, the slow operational speed continues to be a major challenge, despite the widespread use of various mechanisms in mobile robotics. This study unveils a novel suspension mechanism and details its kinematic analysis results. Unlike the traditional rocker-bogie suspension system, developed in the late 1990s for effective weight distribution across diverse terrains, our new design significantly improves protection against rollovers during high-speed linear bogie movements. This enhancement boosts operational reliability in field environments, enabling quicker exploration while preserving the obstacle traversal capabilities of the rocker-bogie system. Sensor data is relayed to an Internet of Things (IoT) cloud service called Thingspeak for real-time monitoring and research. Additionally, a weather monitoring system powered by an Arduino chip provides live updates on atmospheric pressure, temperature, humidity, air quality, and light intensity at the rover's location.
Blockchain technology as an enabler of transparency and efficiency in sustainable supply chains
Authors: Harold Nwariaku  , Busola Fadojutimi  , Lois Gertrude Larteley Lawson  , Jumoke Agbelusi  , Oluwaseun Aaron Adigun  , James Augustine Udom  , Temitope Dickson Olajide
Published: August 2024

Blockchain technology, known for its decentralized and immutable ledger, presents a promising solution to the challenges of ensuring transparency and efficiency in sustainable supply chains. This abstract explores how blockchain can enhance traceability, verify authenticity, and foster stakeholder trust by providing an unalterable record of transactions accessible by all parties involved. Additionally, blockchain improves supply chain efficiency through streamlined processes, accurate data, and reduced fraud and errors, enabled by its secure and automated systems. Case studies in the food, fashion, and pharmaceutical industries demonstrate blockchain's practical applications, showcasing its role in ensuring food safety, ethical sourcing, and counterfeit prevention. Despite its potential, challenges such as integration with existing systems, scalability, regulatory compliance, and data privacy must be addressed. As these obstacles are overcome, blockchain is poised to become a key component in the management of sustainable supply chains, offering substantial benefits in transparency and operational efficiency.
A review on quality management system in laboratory testing
Authors: Dhara Patel  , Mosami Patel  , Grishma Patel  , Dhananjay Meshram
Published: August 2024

A Laboratory Quality Management System (LQMS) refers to a set of policies, procedures, and practices implemented in a laboratory to ensure consistent quality and accuracy in its operations. Continuous improvement of laboratory quality service is vital to ensure accuracy, reliability, and timeliness of laboratory results. Implementation of the quality management system is an effective way of monitoring and assuring laboratory quality service. Various standards and regulations outline specific requirements for implementing a Quality Management System (QMS) in a laboratory environment, such as ISO 15189:2022, ISO 17025:2017, and FDA 42 CFR Part 493. These standards provide guidelines and criteria for laboratory processes, including testing, calibration, documentation, personnel competency, and overall quality control. This article will discuss the applicable standards and legislation, the 12 essential elements of laboratory QMS, and the role of QMS software in a laboratory environment. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of laboratory quality management system implementation on improving quality laboratory service.
Госзакупки и инновационная политика в России: о чем говорят в Государственной думе?
Authors: Цыганков С.С. , Маскаев А.И.
Published: August 2024

Авторами проведен нарративный анализ стенограмм заседаний Государственной думы для изучения роли госзакупок в инновационной политике России. Отбор стенограмм для анализа осуществлялся методом PRISMA на основе 35 ключевых словосочетаний. По результатам исследования был сформулирован вывод о том, что государственные закупки практически не рассматриваются в качестве самостоятельного элемента инновационной политики, а тема развития инноваций зачастую уходит на второй план или подменяется другими целями (например, импортозамещением или преференциями отечественным производителям).
Как определить эффективность работы научно-образовательного кластера вуза: кейс ИРНИТУ – Институт «Сибирская школа геонаук»
Authors: Корняков М.В. , Красикова Т.Ю. , Паршин А.В. , Шевченко А.Н.
Published: August 2024

В статье рассматривается проблема оценки эффективности научно-образовательного кластера. На примере Сибирской школы геонаук показаны преимущества при управлении вузовским кластером подхода, основанного на теории стейкхолдеров. Авторы определили стейкхолдеров школы, выявили отличия их интересов и требований в сравнении с таковыми для более традиционной образовательной организации – Института недропользования ИРНИТУ, предложили ключевые критерии и перечень показателей, позволяющих оценить эффективность работы школы.
Geologi dan Pemodelan Geometri Ketebalan Serta Sebaran Batubara Pada Daerah Purwajaya Kecamatan Loa Janan Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Putri Resty Intan
Published: August 2024

Secara Administratif, lokasi penelitian berada di Desa Purwajaya, Kecamatan Loa Janan, Kalimantan Timur, dengan luas lokasi penelitian 16 km2. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu Untuk mengetahui kondisi geologi dan identifikasi geometri (ketebalan, kemiringan dan kemenerusan) batubara pada daerah penelitian.Dari pengamatan satuan geomorfologi daerah penelitian diperoleh dua bentuk asal struktural Perbukitan Antiklin (S1), Perbukitan Sinklin (S2), dan satu Bentuk Asal Fluvial yaitu Dataran Banjir (F1), dengan pola pengaliran trelis, stadia sungai dewasa dengan lembah cenderung berubah menjadi "U". Daerah penelitian dibagi menjadi 3 satuan yaitu Satuan Batupasir Purwajaya, Satuan Batulempung Loa Duri, dan Endapan Lempung. Struktur geologi yang berkembang adalah kekar dan lipatan dengan orientasi relatif Timur Laut – Barat Daya.Korelasi dilakukan dengan dua metode yaitu on strike dan cross strike. Beberapa seam batubara yang ditemukan di daerah penelitian adalah seam A, seam B, seam C, seam D, seam E dan seam F. sehingga dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui geometri batubara daerah penelitian.
Evaluasi Kinerja Unit Crushing Plant Terhadap Target Produksi Batubara Pada Bulan Oktober Tahun 2022 Di Pt.Banyan Koalindo Lestari Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara, Sumatera Selatan
Authors: Handoka Mohamad Faisal
Published: August 2024

Banyan Koalindo Lestari merupakan perusahaan yang berfokus dibidang penambangan batubara yaitu tambang terbuka (open pit) yang memiliki produksi batubara dengan nilai jual yang tinggi dari proses pengolahan, dimana metode yang diterapkan adalah preparasi atau pengecilan ukuran dan meningkatkan produksi serta nilai jual dari batubara. Pada proses ini dilakukan oleh unit crushing plant, dimana target produksi yang perlu dicapai dari proses pengolahan sebesar 93.000 ton/bulan. Oleh karena itu untuk mengetahui ketercapaian target produksi sehingga dilakukan evaluasi kinerja dari unit crushing plant berdasarkan produksi aktual, faktor yang menghambat produksi dan upaya optimalisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tidak tercapainya produksi, faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dan evaluasi kinerja unit crushing plant serta pengoptimalan yang akan dilakukan setelah perbaikan dengan target produksi 3000 ton/hari. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada area pengolahan atau Coal Processing Plant dengan memperhatikan alat-alat yang bekerja untuk mendukung berbagai aktivitas dari unit crushing plant terhadap target produksi 93.000 ton pada bulan oktober tahun 2022. Hasil dari penelitian adalah target produksi yang tidak tercapai yaitu 64.094,73 ton/bulan dari 93.000 ton/bulan yang disebabkan oleh faktor waktu hambatan yaitu keterlambatan saat memulai beroperasi, breakdown unit dan standby hopper empty yang menyebabkan effisiensi kerja buruk atau 46% dari waktu produktif 5,7 jam/hari. Oleh karena itu perlunya optimalisasi untuk meningkatkan waktu produktif dari jam kerja normal 12 jam/hari dengan hasil meliputi:1)Effisiensi kerja unit sebesar 73% dan waktu produktif sebesar 8,7 jam/hari.2)Waktu hambatan dapat diminimalisir dengan melakukan Quality Control. 3)Effisiensi kerja dari unit coal getting sebesar 52% dengan waktu produktif 6,23 jam/1 shift pada PIT Utara dan 55% dengan waktu produktif 6,51 jam/1shift. 4)Coal Getting dapat memenuhi kebutuhan produksi unit crushing plant sebesar 4.854 ton/2shift.Kata kunci: Pengolahan, Produksi, Optimalisasi, Crushing Plant
Analisis Penurunan Muka Tanah (Subsidens) Menggunakan Metode Empirik Di Terowongan Penstock Sta 10+150 PLTA Kerinci Merangin, Kabupaten Kerinci, Provinsi Jambi.
Authors: Jawil Anshar Abdullah , Pontus Albertus Juvensius
Published: August 2024

Subsidence analysis in this study was carried out in the Kerinci Merangin hydropower pentstock tunnel construction sta 10+150. The depth of the tunnel at the study site ranges from ± 35 m so that it is included in the shallow tunnel category with the rock at the face of tunnel, namely slate (foliated metamorphic rock) with rock mass conditions is jointed rock with an RMR value of around 23. Predicting subsidence in this study was conducted to assess and determine recommendation due to land subsidence risk based on SNI 8460:2017. Calculation of subsidence values uses the empirical Peck method (Peck, 1969) using primary data in the form of coordinates based on sta location, identification of rock masses and tunnel geometry while secondary data in the form of contour maps is intended to determine the depth of the tunnel. Calculation of subsidence using the peck method requires an inclination point (i) based on the recommendation of Mair (1993), and the land subsidence ratio VL is obtained from the table of the results of Goldsapand's research (1993). Based on the research results, it is known that the maximum subsidence value is 0.97 mm and is right at the center of the tunnel. Furthermore, the value of i or the inflection point is 17.5 m from the tunnel axis with a subsidence value of 0.11 mm and the maximum influence area is at a distance of 20.6 m from the tunnel axis. Based on the SNI 8460: 2017 table, the subsidence in the study area is included in category 1 with recommendations
Studi Pemanfaatan Batubara Menggunakan Asam Fospat Tunggal menjadi Karbon Aktif di Formasi Pulau Balang dan Formasi Balikpapan di Kota Samarinda
Authors: Putri Agita Kendari , Winarno Agus , Pontus Albertus Juvensius , Devy Shalaho Dina , Nugroho Windhu
Published: August 2024

Batubara merupakan salah satu komoditas bahan tambang yang jumlahnya melimpah di Indonesia, tetapi untuk pemanfaatan batubara sebagai karbon aktif relatif tinggi dalam dunia industri Indonesia. Batubara Bituminus sangat berpotensi jika dimanfaatkan sebagai karbon aktif karena mempunyai kandungan Fixed Carbon cukup tinggi, yaitu sekitar 54%-80%.     Proses pembuatan karbon aktif dilakukan dengan cara karbonisasi menggunakan bahan aktifasi kimia (H3PO4) dan akuades. Perbandingan yang digunakan adalah 50 g batubara, dengan konsentrasi molaritas yang berbeda yaitu 1M; 1,5M dan 2M dengan masing-masing 100 ml larutan asam fospat.Karbon aktif yang dihasilkan dari proses karbonisasi akan diuji kandungan air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, dan karbon aktif murni pada sampel setiap formasi. Hasil analisis uji karbon aktif pada batubara diperoleh yaitu pada uji kadar air sampel FPB1 23,0347%, FPB2 21,6975, FPB3 22,7728%, FB1 22,9148, FB2 25,5351, FB3 28,5954, FKB1 25,2824%, FKB2 26,2235% dan FKB3 17,2911% .Pada uji kadar abu sampel FPB1 7,5725, FPB2 6,8703, FPB3 5,1709, FB1 16,8405, FB2 7,1604, FB3 3,9695%, FKB1 6,9336%,FKB2 9,3561 dan FKB3 11,6932%. Pada uji zat terbang sampel FPB1 23,7277%, FPB2 20,0113%, FPB3 267661%, FB1 23,7610%, FB2 18,6258%, FB317,7130%, FKB1 22,1996%, FKB2 19,5844% dan FKB3 25,9126. Pada uji karbon aktif murni sampel FPB1 45,6651%, FPB2 51,4209%, FPB3 45,2909%, FB1 36,4837%, FB2 48,6787%, FB3 49,7221%, FKB1 45,5842%, FKB2 44,8270%, dan FKB3 32,3417%. Kata Kunci: Asam Fospat, Batubara, Formasi, Karbonisasi dan Karbon Aktif
Study of Eruption Mechanism Pyroclastic Deposit of Banten Tuff (Qpvb) in Pancanegara and its surrounding Using Grainsize Distribution and Componentry Analysis
Authors: Yekini Mochammad Alim , Jabbar Gamma A
Published: August 2024

Banten Tuff (Qpvb) is pyroclastic deposit that is very significant in western Java Island. The importance of this deposit is caused by spreading and covering most of Banten region. In the middle of Banten Tuff, there is a caldera that has rectangular shape and the large area 13.7 km x 6.5 km. The research in this area has not studied yet that explain the characteristics of pyroclastics deposit in detail, therefore it’s hard to tell how the eruption process and mechanism that happened based on the deposit. This study become solution of a puzzle about process, mechanism, history, and episode of eruption. The research methods are using qualitative and quantitative analysis such as grain-size distribution and componentry. The study has succeed obtaining more than ten outcrops that described in detail. Description of outcrops resulted tephra-stratigraphy correlation in four facies unit. These four facies categorized into three eruption phases. Eruption phases are arranged into a story which is useful for determining historical and episode eruption in Pancanegara and its surrounding.
Analisis Pengaruh Pertambangan Emas Tanpa Izin Berdasarkan Data Mutu Air Sungai Kahayan Pada Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah
Authors: Abigani Rahfa , Wartono Sapta , Indrajaya Fahrul , Kristiawan Juan
Published: August 2024

Penelitian dilakukan pada sungai Kahayan, khususnya daerah Kuala Kurun, Kabupaten Gunung Mas, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas air Sungai Kahayan berdasarkan data mutu air Sungai Kahayan oleh Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Analisis menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran, didapatkan data mutu air selama 5 tahun terakhir dan tren menujukan penurunan dari tahun 2018 – 2021, namun mengalami kenaikan pada tahun 2022. Dinas Lingkungan Hidup dalam penyelenggaraan perlindungan dan pengelolaan mutu air sungai Kahayan sudah melaksanakan upaya pemantauan, dan pengelolaan mutu air dengan cukup baik. Persepsi masyarakat terkait penggunaan air sungai Kahayan berdasarkan status mutu air menunjukan bahwa masyarakat daerah pesisir sungai Kahayan sudah beralih fungsi dalam penggunaan air sungai Kahayan menjadi lebih bijak. Dengan didapat hasil 0% untuk penggunaan air minum, dan masing-masing 5% untuk penggunaan mencuci baju, piring dan memasak. Namun masih menggunakan air sungai sebagai budidaya ikan air tawar dan peternakan sebesar 39% serta transportasi air sebesar 52%.
Attitude and Knowledge Towards Fruits and Vegetables Consumption Among Adults in Malaysia
Authors:   Universiti Teknologi Mara, Cawangan Johor, Kampus Segamat, Hajar Mat Zin Siti Hasma , Moktar Balkiah ,   Universiti Teknologi Mara, Cawangan Perlis, Kampus Arau, Zakaria Siti Haslini ,   Management Science & University (MSU)
Published: August 2024

Intake of fruits and vegetables is important for human health because these foods are primary sources of essential nutrients such as fibre, minerals, and vitamins. The presence of many vitamins and other substances in fruits and vegetables provides nutrients to the human body that can prevent major diseases such as noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including certain types of cancer. However, the majority of Malaysian adults were unconcerned about the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption to their health. A global challenge is adults’ low intake of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, this study is conducted to assess the attitude and knowledge of Malaysian adults toward fruit and vegetable intake. A cross-sectional study was conducted among adults in Malaysia using an online questionnaire. A total of 291 adults were randomly chosen to participate in this study. Based on the attitude findings, more than 40% of the respondents ‘strongly agree’ that they want to consume more vegetables and enjoy eating fruits. Furthermore, more than 40% of respondents "disagree" that eating vegetables can lead to less energy. Knowledge was assessed in the areas of nutrition, protection, and general knowledge. Half of the respondents demonstrated a lack of knowledge about nutrients and protection, including general knowledge. On the mean score of nutrition knowledge of respondents toward fruit and vegetable consumption, there is a significant difference between age groups, with the difference being obvious between the age groups of less than 30 and 30 to 49 years old, as well as 50 and above. Thus, more effort is needed from the government to educate Malaysians on improving and increasing their fruit and vegetable intake. These education programs must consider the trade-off required for families to purchase more fruits and vegetables and consume the recommended number of servings per day.
Hubungan Amalan Kreativiti dan Komitmen Guru Pendidikan Seni Visual
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Muhammad Marzidi Muhammad Khairullah , Halim Hakimi ,   Universiti Malaysia Sarawak
Published: August 2024

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara amalan kreativiti dengan komitmen guru Pendidikan Seni Visual. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk kajian secara tinjauan berdasarkan soal selidik. Ia melibatkan 190 orang guru sekolah kebangsaan dari 25 buah sekolah kebangsaan daerah Bintulu, Sarawak. Pemilihan sekolah serta responden telah dibuat dengan menggunakan persampelan secara rawak mudah, berstrata dan bersistematik. Data telah dianalisis dengan menggunakan ujian deskritif dan inferensi. Dapatan kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa amalan kreativiti adalah pada tahap tinggi (min = 3.92) manakala komitmen guru Pendidikan Seni Visual juga adalah pada tahap tinggi (min = 3.80). Seterusnya kajian mendapati terdapat hubungan signifikan positif antara amalan kreativiti dengan komitmen guru Pendidikan Seni Visual mempunyai hubungan (r = 0.695**, p < 0.01). Secara kesimpulan, amalan kreativiti mempunyai hubungan signifikan dengan komitmen guru Pendidikan Seni Visual. Implikasi kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa adalah penting bagi guru-guru memberikan komitmen untuk meningkatkan amalan kreativiti dalam Pendidikan Seni Visual agar pembelajaran menjadi lebih bermakna.
Ante la militarización, análisis retórico desde la corporalidad feminista
Authors: Rodriguez Circe
Published: August 2024

Con base en un ejercicio retórico, el presente texto se aproxima a la acción llevada a cabo por el colectivo "Hasta encontrarte" en la Estela de Luz el 16 de septiembre de 2022, aniversario de la Independencia de México. La propuesta pone en operación dos componentes retóricos, el actio (operación retórica) y la alegoría (figura y fuerza del discurso), esta última nos permite aventurar una lectura sobre los efectos de la militarización en los cuerpos.
Harnessing AI for Educational Measurement: Standards and Emerging Frontiers
Authors: Chang Hua-Hua
Published: August 2024

The surge of AI in education raises concerns about measurement downsides. Calls for clear standards are warranted. Fortunately, the psychometrics field has a long history of developing relevant standards—like sample invariance and item bias avoidance—crucial for reliable, valid, and interpretable assessments. This established body of knowledge, not unlike traffic laws for self-driving cars, should guide AI assessment development. Measuring new constructs necessitates stronger construct validity research. Instead of rewriting the rulebook, our focus should be on educating AI developers about these standards. This commentary specifically addresses the concern of empowering instructors not with high-stakes testing but with effective item writing through AI. We explore the potential of AI to transform item development, a key area highlighted by researchers. While AI tools offer exciting possibilities for tackling educational challenges, equipping instructors to leverage them effectively remains paramount.
Three unpublished, publicly available visual search datasets with 151 participants
Authors: Hoogerbrugge Alex Jan , Sahakian Andre , Brouwer Robin , Klauss Georg , Strauch Christoph , Nijboer Tanja , van der Stigchel Stefan
Published: August 2024

We provide three novel, unpublished, visual search datasets. Datasets 1 and 2 were collected in the lab with 1000Hz gaze data from an EyeLink 1000. Dataset 1 contains N=20 participants. Dataset 2 consists of two experiments with N=16 and N=15 participants, respectively. Dataset 3 was collected at a popular science festival, and contains mouse-movement data of N=100 participants.
“Time to Abandon Swedish Women”: Discursive Connections Between Misogyny and White Supremacy in Sweden
Authors: Askanius Tina , Brock Maria , Kaun Anne , Larsson Anders Olof
Published: August 2024

This article explores the discursive linkages between violent misogyny and violent right- wing extremism in the popular Swedish online discussion forum Flashback, which affords anonymous and relatively unmoderated commenting. Empirically, it focuses on the articulations of misogyny and anti-feminism mapped onto extreme right ideology including white supremacism in user comments posted across 16 Flashback threads. To analyze the extensive data set, we first drew on a collocation analysis of user comments (N = 20,359) scraped from a strategic selection of threads. From this sample we chose 36 combinations to be considered for a closer reading. In the second analytical step, critical discourse analysis coupled with the Essex School’s logics approach helped us unpack the logics of conspiracy and male entitlement, as well as the fantasmatic projections of Swedish women as both “race traitors” and “victims” at the heart of extreme right discourse in and beyond Sweden today.
Rapid Fault Leakage Modeling for CO2 Storage in Saline Aquifers
Authors: Ramachandran Hariharan , de Jonge-Anderson Iain , Hafizi Musa Ikhwanul , Nicholson Uisdean , Tan Chee Phuat , Geiger Sebastian , Doster Florian
Published: August 2024

Simulating the fluid flow along fault zones at different scales is essential for predicting the CO2 leakage and containment during injection and storage. However, this can be challenging, especially in the early stages of a storage project when knowledge of the reservoir and caprock is limited and the cost of obtaining the relevant data is high. This study proposes a tool for fast screening of fault leakage at the site screening stage. The tool uses a vertically integrated reservoir model coupled with an upscaled fault leakage function based on source/sink relations. The fault is conceptualized as an increased vertical permeability through the caprock due to the presence of a fracture network in the damage zone and a reduced horizontal permeability in the reservoir due to fault throw and presence of a low-permeability fault core. Simulation results of various CO2 injection scenarios in a reservoir with potential for fault leakage demonstrate that the tool can produce physically consistent leakage predictions. The computationally efficient model presented in this study is a valuable tool for quantifying uncertainties in key fault parameters, and other constitutive relations that affect the behavior of the storage reservoir and potential fault leakage. By incorporating this tool into the site screening stage, stakeholders can quickly screen the risk of CO2 leakage along faults across a range of possible storage sites and subsequently design targeted data acquisition campaigns to better characterize and model the faults. Overall, the proposed tool is a cost-effective and efficient method for screening fault leakage risk during CO2 injection and storage, helping to ensure safe and effective carbon storage.
Children plan manual actions similarly in directed tasks and in free play
Authors: Golmakani Sara , Kaplan Brianna , Adolph Karen E , Ossmy Ori
Published: August 2024

Visually-guided planning is fundamental for manual actions involving multiple objects. Multi-step planning—when only the requirements for the initial action are directly visible in the scene—necessitates initial visual guidance to optimize the subsequent actions. Here, we tested whether preschoolers (3- to 5-year-olds, n = 23) who exhibited multi-step planning in a structured hammering task also demonstrated visually-guided planning during unstructured free play while interlocking Duplo blocks and Squigz pieces. Children who demonstrated visually-guided planning in multi-step hammering task also spent more time looking at the to-be-grasped object and at their construction during reach and transport, compared to children who did not demonstrate visually-guided planning in the hammering task. Moreover, visually guided planning was positively correlated in the Duplo and Squigz tasks, indicating that planning generalizes across contexts. Our findings indicate that young children generalize visually-guided planning across different multi-object manual tasks, including self-directed, spontaneous, manual actions.
Genetic, psychological, and environmental factors are uniquely associated with onset of alcohol use in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study
Authors: Choi Maia , Aliev Fazil , Barr Peter , Cooke Megan , Kuo Sally I , Salvatore Jessica E , Dick Danielle , Brislin Sarah J
Published: August 2024

Alcohol use during adolescence poses a significant public health problem due to its potential long-term consequences on both physical and mental health and increased risk for developing substance use disorders later in life. Both individual (e.g., genetic liability, neural functioning, personality features) and environmental (e.g., parenting, school environment) features play an important role in accelerating or buffering the progression of early alcohol consumption. This study used data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (Release 5.1; N = 11,868) to provide a comprehensive examination of how genetic, neural, trait, and environmental factors are associated with risk for first sip, first full drink, and the progression from first sip to full drink, both independently and uniquely. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the univariable associations between theoretically relevant genetic, neural, trait, and environmental variables and early alcohol use. Then, stepwise model-fitting was used to determine which indicators were uniquely associated with alcohol outcomes. Risk for early alcohol use was distributed across multiple domains highlighting the unique information provided by biologically based (genetics, neuroimaging), trait, and environmental variables. Results also indicated the importance of both environmental and genetic factors on onset of first sip, but that onset of first full drink and the progression from sip to drink was most associated with genetic, neural, and trait factors rather than broad environmental influences. These findings highlight both potential etiological pathways driving early alcohol use as well as phenotypic and environmental process that can be targeted for early intervention efforts.
Supporting the Next Generation of Indigenous Psychologists: An illustrative case example
Authors: Fetter Anna , Wiglesworth Andrea , Rey LittleDove , Young Amanda , Azarani Michael , Gone Joseph
Published: August 2024

To effectively increase American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) representation in the psychological workforce and prepare AI/AN psychologists to serve AI/AN communities, transformation is critically needed in graduate training programs. Therefore, we provide an illustrative case example of a graduate student-led, cross-institutional Indigenous Research Group (IRG) mentored by an Indigenous faculty member. Using first-person and synthesized narratives, we summarize our transformative experience in the IRG as a journey in which we found belonging and community, culturally responsive mentorship and training, and the support to become emergent Indigenous psychologists. Informed by the student and faculty mentor reflections on the IRG, we then provide recommendations for graduate programs to support Indigenous students. Ultimately, the IRG is a testament to the creative ways Indigenous scholars navigate the academy and serves as a call for faculty to support the next generation of AI/AN psychologists.
Decarbonization in the European Steel Industry: Strategies, Risks, and Commitments
Authors: Di Foggia Giacomo , Beccarello Massimo
Published: August 2024

This paper investigates the challenge of decarbonizing the steel industry, a pillar of the global economy but also a major carbon emitter. Analyzing current decarbonization strategies, their effectiveness, and the role of corporate commitment and risk management offers insights needed to identify development paths in the current environment characterized by pressure driven by stringent environmental standards and fierce competition. An empirical approach, including a survey model and simulation, is used to answer prominent research questions. Aspects such as the influence of environmental and governance criteria, specific initiatives that can be undertaken, the importance of corporate commitment, and the integration of risk management into strategic planning are examined. Simulations suggest that the probability of meeting the 2030 goals range from 65.08 to 75.98 percent and the delta between low and high commitment ranges from 4.917 to 4.133 percent according to the share of renewables in the energy mix decarbonization. The influence of the energy mix is also included in the analysis. The research highlights the need for greater coordination and commitment across the industry to improve decarbonization efforts. It emphasizes the critical role of government policies and market dynamics in shaping industry actions toward achieving decarbonization goals. The findings contribute to understanding decarbonization processes, offering insights and guidance for the steel sector's transition to a low-carbon economy
Workers are willing to trade wages for better harassment reporting procedures
Authors: Crabtree Charles , Incerti Trevor , Kage Rieko , Rosenbluth Frances , Tanaka Seiki , Yamagishi Hikaru
Published: August 2024

Sexual harassment remains prevalent in the workplace. Yet despite abundant research on its prevalence, we know little about worker demand for systems to report and/or mitigate harassment. We present results from a conjoint experimental study of a large-scale sample of the Japanese public, in which we estimate how much salary and benefits workers are willing to trade for best-in-practice harassment protections. We find that women are 6 percentage points more likely to prefer firms with anonymous, third-party harassment reporting systems compared to other firms, and they also negatively value workplaces with no sexual harassment reporting mechanism equivalently to a workplace with a 20% lower wage. Men also negatively value poor sexual harassment reporting mechanisms, but they are more willing to trade wages for better workplace bullying ("power harassment") reporting systems. These findings suggest that workers are willing to pay for harassment reporting systems, and that companies may better attract talent by adopting these reporting schemes.
Police use of CS smoke at outbreaks of serious public disorder in Great Britain
Authors: Hill Steve
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a contentious possibility to minimise close proximity injuries sustained between the public and police resources including horses and dogs during outbreaks of serious public disorder in Great Britain. The use of standard police shield tactics could be supplemented or even replaced with the use of CS smoke which is already a tactical option for the police service within the United Kingdom. CS smoke is used throughout the world to quell outbreaks of serious disorder although the tactic is controversial. Whether or not this tactical option is suitable for use in Great Britain is investigated with a natural experiment implementation model suggested for analysis of the success or otherwise of its use.
थामी जातिमा राजनीतिक परिवर्तनले पारेको सामाजिक असर
Authors: पण्डित Pandit शशी थापा Shashi Thapa
Published: August 2024

नेपालमा रहेका विभिन्न जातजातिहरूमध्ये थामीवा थाङ्मी जाति एक महत्त्वपूर्ण जाति हो । यो शोधमूलक लेख नेपालको दोलखा जिल्लामा बसोबास गर्दैआएका थामी जातिको बारेमा गरिएको खोज मूलक अध्ययन हो । थामी जातीको उत्पत्तिका बारेमा र जीविकोपार्जन गर्ने क्रममा भोगका भोगाइहरूद्वारा प्राप्त अनुभवको आधारमा यो अनुसन्धान लेख तयार गरिएको छ । यसमा थामी जातिका रहनसहन भेषभुषा, गरगहना, संस्कारहरू, पेसा व्यवसायका बारेमा हाल यसमा परेको असरका बारेमा अध्ययन गरिएको छ । यो लेख थामी जातिको परम्परागत जीवनशैली जुन मौखिक र श्रुतिपरम्पराका आधारमा एकको मुखबाट अर्काको मुख, एक पुस्ताबाट अर्काे पुस्तासम्म हस्तान्तरण हुँदै आएको थामीहरूका लोक संकृति जसलाई विभिन्न समयमा भएका राजनैतिक परिवर्तनले पारेको असरका बारेमा तयार गरिएको छ ।
द्वन्द्व र शान्तिनिर्माण प्रक्रियामा समाज
Authors: उप्रेती Upreti विष्णु राज Bishnu Raj
Published: August 2024

द्वन्द्व समाजको अपरिहार्य यथार्थ भएकोले द्वन्द्व सृजना र व्यवस्थापन तथा यसका आधारभूत कारणहरूको सम्बोधन गरी शान्तिनिर्माणमा समाजको भूमिका सबैभन्दा महत्त्वपूर्ण हुन्छ (Merton, 1957; Upreti, 2002) । समाजले आफू र आफ्नो वरपर के कस्ता द्वन्द्व भएका छन् र यिनका कारणहरू के हुन्, कसरी समाधान गर्न सकिन्छ भन्नेबारेमा सदा चिन्तन गरिरहेकै हुन्छ । यो लेख यिनै सवालहरूमा विवेचना गर्ने उद्देश्यबाट लेखिएको छ । यो लेख तयार गर्न अपनाएको विधिमा लेखकले ३० वर्षदेखि द्वन्द्व र शान्तिनिर्माणसम्बन्धत गरेको अध्ययन र अनुभवको संश्लेषण, प्रत्यक्ष सूचना (जानकारी) सङ्कलन, सन्दर्भ सामग्री समीक्षा र अवलोकनको विधि प्रयोग गरिएको छ । यो लेखको मूलखण्डमा द्वन्द्व किन हुन्छ (कारणहरू) यसको समाधानका रणनीति, समाधानका उपाय, द्वन्द्व र शान्तिको अन्तर्सम्बन्ध, शान्तिनिर्माणमा समाजको भूमिका जस्ता विषयहरूरहेको छ । यो लेखको निष्कर्ष के हो भने द्वन्द्व समाजको अभि; अङ्क हो । द्वन्द्व विनाको समाज कल्पना गर्न सकिन्न, सबै द्वन्द्वहरू खराब हुदैनन्, द्वन्द्वले समाज रूपान्तरण र शान्तिनिर्माणमा महत्त्वपूर्ण योगदान दिएको हुन्छ ।
नेपाली लोकगीतमा लोकजीवन
Authors: न्यौपाने Neupane विष्णु Bishnu
Published: August 2024

नेपाली लोकगीतमा ‘लोकजीवन’ शीर्षकको प्रस्तुत लेख नेपाली लोकगीतहरूमा प्रस्तुत भएको लोकजीवनको अध्ययनमा केन्द्रित छ । लोकगीत लोकजीवनको अभिव्यक्ति हो । यसमा लोकजीवनका विविध विषयवस्तुहरू प्रस्तुत भएका हुन्छन् । लोकजीवनलाई आधार बनाएर रचना गरिएका लोकगीतमा लोकव्यवहारको अभिव्यक्ति भएको हुन्छ । लोक–जीवनका विविध सांस्कृतिक पक्षको चित्रण यिनमा पाइन्छ । कृषिप्रधान देश नेपाल भएकाले कृषिकर्मको अभिव्यक्ति यसमा भएको हुन्छ । नारीजीवनका कथाव्यथाको प्रस्तुति, मानिसको उमेरअनुसारका चाहनाको अभिव्यक्ति पनि लोकगीतमा भएको हुन्छ । नेपाली लोकगीतले लोकजीवनमा प्रभाव पारेको हुन्छ । यिनै पक्षको खोजी प्रस्तुत लेखमा गरिएको छ । यो लेखमा लोकगीतमा केकस्तो लोकजीवनलाई प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ भन्ने मूल समस्याका रूपमा लिई विषयको व्याख्या विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । पुस्तकालय अध्ययन कार्यका आधारमा द्वितीयक स्रोतसामग्री सङ्गलन गरेर यिनै सामग्रीको अध्ययन र पुनरवलोकनबाट गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचामा विश्लेषित यस अनुसन्धानात्मक लेखमा लोकजीवनका सुखदुःख, हर्ष–बिस्मात, उकालीओराली, विजयपराजय, प्रेमपीडा, मिलनवियोग, उज्यालो पक्ष, अँध्यारो पक्ष, आँसुहाँसो, उन्नतिअवनति जस्ता पक्षहरू लोकगीतमा व्यक्त भएका छन् भन्ने निष्कर्ष प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ ।
प्राचीन उत्पादन प्रणालीको सामाजिक प्रभाव
Authors: सिंह Singh समीर Samir
Published: August 2024

यो लेखमा प्राचीन समाजको दुईओटा पक्षको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन गरिएको छ । प्रारम्भको कम्युन समाज र त्यसपछिको निजी सम्पत्तिमा आधारित समाजका केही तथ्यको विश्लेषण गरी सही निष्कर्षमा पुग्नु यो लेखको उद्देश्य हो । निजी सम्पत्ति हुँदा र नहुँदा मानव समाजमा कुनकुन प्रकारका दृष्टिकोण निर्माण हुन्छन् ? त्यसले समाजलाई कसरी निर्देशित गर्दछ ? सामाजिक संरचनामा कसरी फरकपन आउँछ ? यी प्रश्न समाज विश्लेषणको सन्दर्भमा निरन्तर रूपमा उत्पन्न भइरहने प्रश्न हुन् । सामूहिक उत्पादन र सामूहिक उपभोगमा आधारि सामाजिक संरचना निर्माण हुँदा समाजको प्रगति तथा समृद्धिले कसरी गुणात्मक फड्को मार्न सक्छ ? यो एकदमै महत्तवपूर्ण प्रश्न हो । यी तथ्यहरूको विश्लेषणले वर्तमान समाजको समृद्धिको सन्दर्भमा पनि विशेष महत्त्व राख्दछ । यो विषयमा स्पष्ट ज्ञान प्राप्त गर्न प्राचीन समाज र त्यसको उत्पादन प्रणालीको अध्ययनले विशेष महत्त्व राख्दछ । मानव समाजसँग उत्पादन प्रणालीको अन्योन्याश्रित सम्बन्ध रहेको हुन्छ । मानव जाति आफ्ना इच्छा र आवश्यकता पूरा गर्न उत्पादनसँग जोडिएको हुन्छ । त्यसरी अगाडि बढ्दै जाँदा उत्पादनको अवधिमा उनीहरूका बिचमा एक प्रकारको सम्बन्ध बन्ने गर्दछ । त्यही सम्बन्धको आधारमा समाजको स्वरूप निर्धारण हुने गर्दछ । उत्पादनको अवधिमा धर्म, दर्शन, संस्कृति, कला, साहित्यजस्ता उपरी संरचना अस्तित्वमा आउँदै गइरहेको हुन्छ । प्राचीन समाज अध्ययनको सन्दर्भमा यी विविध पक्षको पनि चिरफारमा केन्द्रित हुनुपर्दछ । प्राचीन समाजको एउटा संरचना थियो । आधुनिक समाजको बेग्लै स्वरूप छ । समाजको ऐतिहासिक अध्ययनबाट प्रस्ट हुन्छ, समाजको स्वरूप कहिल्यै पनि एकै प्रकारको रहिरहेन । समय र परिस्थितिअनुसार समाजको स्वरूपमा परिवर्तन आउँदै गयो । प्राचीन समाजदेखि आधुनिक समाजसम्म आइपुग्दा उत्पादन प्रणालीको निर्णयात्मक भूमिका रहेको हुन्छ र त्यही आधारमा समाजको गतिशील यात्रा निरन्तर चलिरहेको हुन्छ । प्राचीन समाजको उत्पादन प्रणालीको अध्ययन गर्दै यो मान्यतालाई पुष्टि गर्ने लेखको उद्देश्य हुने छ । त्यही मात्र होइन, वर्तमान समाजको समृद्धिको योजना तयार पार्दा यी तथ्यहरूले पनि विशेष महत्त्व राख्नेछ ।
सम्पादकीय
Authors: रिसाल Rishal कौशिला Kaushila
Published: August 2024

Not
Discontinued Maternal Health Care Utilization in Bhojpur District, Nepal
Authors: Dulal Komal Prasad
Published: August 2024

Why all pregnant women did not receive all care at antenatal period; those who did not even utilize any ANC visit may also prefer to utilize facility-based delivery or postnatal care related queries are rarely available in several rounds of NDHS data set. A study conducted in Tarai region of Nepal, analysis of Nepal demographic and health surveys of several rounds, Annual Health Report 2077/78 published by the   Department of health services, Ministry of health and population were taken into study. A qualitative study designed in 2014-15 from the women of reproductive health having children of 2-23 months were asked their discontinuation, if any. Maternal health service utilization through national and the district level data were analysed to study about the discontinuation in utilization.Several factors are identified as the cause for discontinuation in the Tarai region of Nepal. Data revealed by department of health services for the fiscal year 2077-78 show discontinued maternal health service utilization (MHSU) in Bhojpur district. The NDHS 2022 report still found some level of discontinuation in national level. Therefore, urgent need of qualitative study is a most for Bhojpur district which has low level of utilization. In the new administrative set-up according to constitution of Nepal, effective functional policy adopted by municipal region may solve several issues of maternal health. Hilly regions could have different response than Tarai region of Nepal. Therefore, local bodies of hilly regions should bring maternal health policy and program to achieve continuum of maternal health care which will ultimately help Nepal to achieve SDG related goal and target.
A Primordial Ethnic Evaluation of Gurkhas of India
Authors: Gautam Bijaya
Published: August 2024

The Gurkha people also known as Nepali people, renowned for their valor and loyalty in the world, have a longstanding historical presence in India. This paper through an in-depth analysis of historical recordsexamines the multifaceted ethnicidentity aspects of the Gurkha community's existence in India, encompassing their historical evolution, socio-cultural significance, and contemporary challenges.The research further investigates the contemporary challenges faced by the Gurkha community and uses a primordial lens to evaluate the unique identity and contributions of the Gurkha people in India. The Gurkhas' primordial identity fosters unity and cooperation, transcending geographical boundaries and creating a global shared identity. The concept of primordial ethnicity is crucial for understanding ethnic dynamics and cultural heritage's role in shaping their resilience. The Gurkhas' condition is influenced by historical experiences, economic opportunities, and political recognition, offering valuable insights into primordial ethnic identity.
नेपाली राजनीतिमा महिलाको छायाँ प्रतिनिधित्व
Authors: कार्की चक्रबहादुर
Published: August 2024

प्रस्तुत अध्ययन राजनीतिक बृत्तमा आवद्ध राजनीतिकर्मी महिला कार्यकर्ताहरुको राजनीतिक संघर्ष र जीवनगाथामा सम्बन्धित रहेकाले चयनीय महिलाहरुको राजनीतिक अनुभवलाई नै मुख्य आधार बनाई विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । छायाँ प्रतिनिधित्वमा महिलाहरु माननीयका रुपमा राजनीतिक नेतृत्वमा देखिए पनि उक्त उपस्थिती कानूनी प्राबधान पूरा गर्ने संख्यात्मक उपस्थितिलाई जनाउँदछ र त्यहाँ गुणात्मक उपस्थिति कमजोर रहन्छ । प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने महिलालाई राजनीतिक दलको ह्ीप (कोर्रा) ले नियन्त्रित र प्रभावित पार्दछ । नीति निर्माण र योजना तर्जुमा गर्ने प्रमुख कार्यकारी राजनीतिक पदहरु पुरुष नेताहरुकै नियन्त्रणमा हुन्छ । पुरुषप्रधान परिधिमा राजनीतिक प्रतिनिधित्वको गणतान्त्रिक खेल पुरुष कै मैदानका रुपमा सिद्ध छ । ३३ प्रतिशत आरक्षणको प्रस्थान बिन्दु वि. सं. २०६३ सालको अन्तरिम संविधान थियो, भने वि. सं. २०७२ को संविधानले पूर्णरुपमा वैधानिकता प्रदान ग¥यो । ३३ प्रतिशतको मुख्य उद्देश्य सीमान्तकृत र मूलप्रवाहमा पुग्न नसकेका समावेशी समूहहरुलाई राजनीतिक सशीक्तकरण गर्नु थियो । तर आज राजनीतिक दलबाटै यसको दुरुपयोग भएको छ । आरक्षण कोटा क्षमता भएका र राजनीतिमा योगदान पु¥याएका सर्वसाधरण र पहुँचविहीन महिलाको सट्टा कुलीन घराना र राजनीतिक परिवारका महिलालाई समानुपातिकको माध्यमबाट प्रतिनिधित्व गराएको देखिन्छ । अध्ययन क्षेत्रका राजनीतिकर्मी महिला कार्यकर्ताहरुका संकथन अनुसार समानुपातिक तर्फबाट प्रतिनिधित्व गर्ने महिलाहरुको स्वार्थ निम्नमध्यम र निम्नवर्गका महिलाहरुसँग मिल्दैन । उच्च वर्गका महिलाले सर्वसाधरण महिलाका भावनालाई बुझेका पनि हुँदैनन् । समाजमा महिला र पुरुष बीच स्रोत र अवसरहरुको असमान वितरण हुँदा मुलुक अपेक्षित विकासको मार्गमा पुग्न सक्दैन । महिलाको अर्थपूर्ण राजनैतिक प्रतिनिधित्व हुनका लागि संविधानमा नै चुनावी वित्तकोषको ब्यबस्था गरिनुपर्दछ । किनकि, चुनाबको प्रचारप्रसारमा ठूलो धनराशी खर्चिएर चुनाव लड्नुपर्ने विकृत राजनीतिक परिपाटीलेनिम्नवर्गका महिलाले उक्त खर्च ब्यबस्थापन गर्न सक्दैनन् ।
सम्पादकीय
Authors: भट्टराई Bhattarai ध्रुवप्रसाद Dhrubaprasad
Published: August 2024

उपलब्ध छैन
शिलान्यास नाटकमा वस्तुसङ्गठन
Authors: रुपाखेती Rupakheti कलावती  Kalawati
Published: August 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख नाटककार भीमनिधि तिवारीद्वारा लिखित ‘शिलान्यास’ नाटकमा वस्तुसङ्गठनको निरूपणमा केन्द्रित छ । यो लेख गुणात्मक प्रकृतिको रहेको छ । यस लेखका लागि सामग्रीको सङ्कलन पुस्तकालय कार्यद्वारा गरिएको छ । यसमा भीमनिधि तिवारीको शिलान्यास नाटकलाई प्राथमिक सामग्रीका रूपमा र वस्तुसङ्गठनबारे लेखिएका पुस्तक तथा लेखहरूलाई द्वितीयक सामग्रीका रूपमा ग्रहण गरिएको छ । यस लेखमा वस्तुसङ्गठनसम्बन्धी पूर्वीय मान्यतालाई आधार मानी उक्त नाटकमा कथानकलाई सङ्गठित गर्ने वस्तुसङ्गठनका तत्त्वहरूले के–कसरी काम गरेका छन् भन्ने कुराको खोजी गरिएको छ । यो लेख निगमनात्मक पद्धतिअनुसार तयार गरिएको छ भने यसमा वर्णनात्मक र विश्लेषणात्मक विधि अवलम्बन गरिएको छ । यस अध्ययनबाट कार्यावस्था, अर्थप्रकृति र सन्धिको उचित संयोजनका कारण वस्तुसङ्गठन उपयुक्त रही यो नाटक पठन र मञ्चनका दृष्टिले प्रभावकारी र सफल कृति हो भन्ने निष्कर्ष प्राप्त भएको छ ।