bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of stellate ganglion block on postoperative nausea and vomiting after general anesthesia: A meta-analysis, meta-regression and trial sequential analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Miao Shuai , Tang Shixiao , Xu Jingjing , Song Guodong , Gu Shuhan , Chen Wankun , Zhang Xin , Qian Yiling
Published: November 2024

Objective
Stellate ganglion block (SGB) accelerates the return of gastrointestinal transit and improves gastrointestinal function after surgery. However, it is unclear whether such benefits translate into less postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the effect of SGB on the incidence of PONV after general anesthesia.
Methods
We systematically searched electronic databases for published randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SGB with placebo or no SGB for reducing PONV after general anesthesia. The primary outcome was the incidence of PONV after general anesthesia. The effect size was estimated by calculating the risk ratio (RR), with 95% confidence interval (CI). Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was also carried out to calculate the required information size.
Results
16 RCTs including 1385 patients were included in the study. SGB significantly reduced the incidence of PONV (RR, 0.59, 95% CI, 0.49–0.70, P < 0.0001). In addition, TSA indicated that the Z curve for SGB not only crossed the conventional boundary, but also the TSA boundary for benefit. Meta-regression analyses found no significant impact of age, female proportion, type of surgery, type of anesthesia, sample size and prophylactic administration of antiemetic on the correlation between SGB and the risk of PONV.
Conclusion
This meta-analysis suggested an association of SGB with a decreased incidence of PONV after general anesthesia. TSA suggested that further studies are unlikely to alter the conclusions regarding the incidence of PONV.
Contribution of community health workers to covid-19 screening: pilot experiment through community health care sites in the Democratic Republic of Congo, 2023.
Authors: Mungala Pomie Mutombo , Nkodila Aliocha Natuhoyila , Makindu Goethe Mukoko , Luntadila Papy Diazola , Basikila Paul , Bile Pitchou Lokoli , Bukasa Patrick Katuala , Nsio Justus , Kuzeye Jules Nakafwako , Tukadila Hervé Alex Kabangi , N’siala Adrien Kumbi , Kintaudi Léon Ngoma Miezi , Kalonji Albert Ntumba , Lukanu Philippe Ngwala , Likwela Joris Losimba
Published: November 2024

Background
The establishment of Community Health Care Sites (CHCS) is an opportunity for the use of SARS-COV-2 antigenic rapid diagnostic test (Ag RDTs) at the community level to contribute to the control of the circulation of SARS-CoV-2. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of CHCS to the detection of Covid-19 cases in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Methods
descriptive cross-sectional study using two approaches: a quantitative approach and a qualitative approach in 112 CHCS. Data on COVID-19 screening during 4 months of implementation of the FIND project from March to June 2023 as well as the opinions of providers and patients with covid-19 were collected.
Results
in total, 5733 patients presented for COVID-19 screening in the CHCS including 1590 (27.7%) in Kinshasa and 4143 (72.3%) in Kongo Central. 89.2% of them showed suspicious signs of Covid-19. Among them, 1430 and 3260 accepted the screening test in Kinshasa and Kongo Central respectively, i.e. an adherence rate of (89.9%) in Kinshasa and (78.7%) in Kongo Central. Among these cases tested, 4.9% were positive for Ag RDT. CHCS contributed 23% of the country's total cases in case detection. Among the factors listed by the CHW-CHCSs as determining the search for care for COVID-19 by the community, we noted the free COVID-19 Ag RDT, the awareness of the community by the Community health workers (CHWs) delivering care in CHCSs (CHW-CHCS), the friendly welcome for patients by CHW-CHCS and the geographical proximity of COVID-19 diagnosis through the CHCS established within the community. The Health zone management team, registered nurse, community leaders, CHW-CHCSs and Patients had expressed the wish to maintain the COVID-19 screening approach in the CHCS for reasons of free testing, bringing the diagnosis closer to the community and the earliness of the test.
Conclusion
the use of Ag-RDTs in the CHCS could contribute to a rapid improvement in access to screening tests for emerging infectious diseases, particularly for hard-to-reach populations, and accelerate efforts to interrupt the circulation of infectious agents, especially those with epidemic potential.
Real-World Outcomes with Sacituzumab Govitecan among Breast Cancer patients with Central Nervous System metastases
Authors: Grinda Thomas , Morganti Stefania , Hsu Liangge , Yoo Tae-Kyung , Kusmick Ross J. , Aizer Ayal A. , Giordano Antonio , Leone Jose P. , Hughes Melissa , Tolaney Sara M. , Lin Nancy U. , Sammons Sarah L.
Published: November 2024

Central nervous system (CNS) metastases are associated with poor prognosis in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC). In this retrospective study, we investigated the activity of sacituzumab govitecan (SG) in 33 patients with HER2-negative MBC and CNS metastases, including active, stable/treated, and leptomeningeal disease (LMD). SG demonstrated a modest CNS objective response rate of 4/30 (13%) and median CNS-progression-free survival of 2.9 months (95%CI:2.0-4.3) in a heavily pretreated population.
Elevated Frontal QRS-T Angle as a Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk in Graves’ Disease: A Comparative Study
Authors: Wang Zhen , Xu Jia , Fan Ting-ting , Gong A-juan , Li Meng-li , Zhu Nin-jun , Wang Xiao-chen
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Graves' disease (GD) is linked to cardiovascular complications, but reliable non-invasive predictors are limited. This study aimed to assess whether the frontal QRS-T (fQRS-T) angle could predict mortality and cardiovascular outcomes in GD patients.
Methods
Initially, we conducted a retrospective analysis of electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters from 291 GD patients compared with 96 healthy controls. GD patients were then categorized based on the presence of hyperthyroid heart disease. Using logistic regression, we identified predictors of cardiovascular outcomes. Subsequently, a retrospective cohort study followed 41 patients with an fQRS-T angle ≥90° and 82 matched controls over five years, assessing all-cause mortality and ventricular fibrillation (VF) using Kaplan-Meier analysis.
Results
Initial analysis showed that a significantly higher proportion of GD patients had an fQRS-T angle ≥90° compared to healthy controls (p< 0.001). Among GD patients, those with hyperthyroid heart disease were more likely to have an fQRS-T angle ≥90° (p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age, fQRS-T angle, thyroxine (T4), and platelet were independent predictors of hyperthyroid heart disease. In the cohort study, 41 GD patients with an fQRS-T angle ≥90° were selected as the exposure group, and 82 patients without a widened angle were selected as controls. Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated a significant difference in event-free survival between the groups, as assessed by log-rank test(P=0.001).
Conclusion
An increased fQRS-T angle is significantly associated with higher mortality and cardiovascular risk in GD patients. Measuring the fQRS-T angle could enhance risk stratification and guide clinical management in this population
Deep Learning-Based Prediction of Seawater Intrusion Using recurrent architectures: application on Kalymnos Island
Authors: Kopsiaftis George , Protopapadakis Eftychios , Kaselimi Maria , Voulodimos Athanasios , Mansour Majdi , Rallis Ioannis , Doulamis Anastasios , Doulamis Nikolaos , Mantoglou Aristotelis
Published: November 2024

This study explores the application of deep learning models (DL) for the prediction of seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers, under time-varying recharge and pumping conditions, for Kalymnos Island, Greece. The models, based on recurrent architectures, i.e. RNN, LSTM, and GRU, are trained to simulate the temporal dynamics of the seawater intrusion front. For the creation of the dataset, a detailed 3D variable density model was developed, capturing transient behavior over a 50-year period, using monthly recharge and pumping variations. The results demonstrate that bidirectional models exhibit superior performance in capturing complex dependencies, achieving lower prediction errors compared to unidirectional models. The study underscores the utility of DL models as efficient surrogates for computationally intensive hydrodynamic simulations, presenting a viable approach to sustainable coastal aquifer management.
A study on the configuration and spatial distribution of medical communities:Evidence from 832 poverty-stricken counties in East, Central, and West China
Authors: Wang Jie , Xia Dong , Lyu Zhiyu , Chen Mengdi , Chen Jiapeng , Zhang Lulu
Published: November 2024

Background
Although China has taken significant steps to alleviate poverty, supporting the current post-poverty rural revitalization is critical to avoid the phenomenon of a “return to poverty due to illness.” This means that widespread access to healthcare services is crucial. To that end, this study analyzes the regional differences and spatial distribution of the configuration of medical communities in 832 poverty-stricken labeled counties in East, Central, and West China in 2023. The results can provide a reference for optimizing the resource allocation of medical and health institutions in these counties.
Methods
A county-level 2023 vector map was created as a base map. ArcGIS 10.8 software was used to match health resource information with administrative divisions on the map, establishing corresponding spatial and attribute databases. Numbers of county hospitals, township hospitals, village clinics, and other community medical institutions in the 832 counties were captured from published statistics. Data on related medical communities were from China’s national dynamic monitoring system, established in January 2024. The allocation of medical communities was measured using Health Resource Density Index values, and regional differences and spatial distribution were analyzed through spatial autocorrelation and hotspot analysis.
Results
The spatial distribution of medical communities in the poverty-stricken counties in East, Central, and West China was imbalanced, with the HRDI values showing a global positive spatial autocorrelation with different types of medical and health institutions in different “hot spot” and “cold spot” areas. Among them, the resources in poverty-stricken counties in Hebei in the East were relatively good, whereas resources in the poverty-stricken counties in Qinghai and Ningxia in the West were relatively poor. Overall, the number of medical communities was higher in the East than in the West, where health resources in the East are relatively richer, and the population in the West relatively smaller.
Conclusion
There are inequities in the allocation of medical communities in the 832 poverty-stricken counties in East, Central, and West China. Recommendations include rationally optimizing the distribution of medical and health institutions, government investment in and coordination of their development, and the promotion of more integrated medical communities in these areas.
Interprofessional homebased reablement intervention for older adults in Sweden: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gustafsson Lena-Karin , Söderman mirkka , Johansson Carl , Elfström Magnus
Published: November 2024

Background
Reablement has a health promotive perspective. The goal is to enhance or maintain health and functional ability and, thereby, the ability of older adults to live in their own homes. The intervention described in this study was introduced so the older person would remain at home and be given the opportunity to regain or maintain functional ability physically, mentally, and socially to live independently and have optimal health and well-being. This paper aims to report the measured effects of reablement among the older adults in terms of bio-psycho-social health that emerged in the randomized controlled trial (RCT).
Methods
A sample of older adults (65+) was studied, consisting of those who applied for homecare in the municipal home service (n = 237), those who received intensive home reablement (IHR) carried out by an interprofessional team, and a control group who received home-based care as usual. Data were collected at three different occasions with validated instruments: at inclusion, after completion of IHR, and 3 months after completed intervention.
Results
Both groups improved significantly at the post-measurement, and this improvement was maintained at the 3-month follow-up regarding: global quality of life (HACT); general health (EQ-5D-5L); the self-estimates for mobility, hygiene, daily activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression (EQ-5D-5L); psychological well-being (GP-CORE); self-assessed capacity to perform physical activities as well as satisfaction with performance (COPM); measures of physical activity capacity regarding lower extremities (SPPB); upper extremities (hand dynamometer test). No between group differences were statistically significant. At the 3-month follow-up, the average number of homecare hours was slightly lower in the group that underwent IHR than in the group receiving usual homecare and rehabilitation interventions, but the difference was not statistically certain.
Conclusions
In this RCT with a relatively short follow-up period, IHR was equivalent to traditional homecare regarding older people’s self-reported health, physical activity ability and number of homecare hours.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03565614?intr=Reablement&rank=4) Registration number: NCT03565614. Registered on 1 January 2016.
Diagnostic Challenges of Dermatomyositis in a Resource-Limited Setting: Case report
Authors: Alemu Getachew Sahile , Ambaye Mekdes Tarekegn
Published: November 2024

Background: Dermatomyositis (DM) is a rare idiopathic inflammatory myopathy characterized by distinct cutaneous manifestations and progressive proximal muscle weakness. However, in areas with limited diagnostic tools without high index of suspicions, early identification is often challenging, increasing the risk of complications
Case presentation: We report the case of a 50-year-old Ethiopian woman who presented with progressive difficulty swallowing, proximal muscles weakness, and characteristic dermatologic manifestations Despite multiple emergency visits and extensive workups like chest CT and barium swallow, the diagnosis was delayed. Key findings included elevated muscle enzymes and low serum albumin, and a muscle biopsy revealed muscle fiber atrophy the diagnosis of dermatomyositis was confirmed by the ACR-EULAR classification criteria.
Management: we treated the patient with high-dose prednisolone and methotrexate as a steroid-sparing agent, along with nutritional support. Her muscle strength and dysphagia significantly improved within weeks of therapy initiation.
Conclusion: Our goal is to emphasizes the importance of early recognition of dermatomyositis, especially in resource-limited settings, to avoid unnecessary financially debilitating workup and prevent complications like malnutrition that is completely avoidable with early detection
Causal relations existed between age at menarche and the adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Hou Wenhui , Wen Tianrui , Wang Ziyi , Ma Yuanlin , Li Zequan , Meng Yanlei , Bu Bei , Lu Manman
Published: November 2024

Background: To investigate whether age at menarche (AAM) is related to the pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential causal connections between AAM and adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes.
Methods: We performed a two-sample mendelian randomization (MR)study to investigate the causal effect of AAM on the pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. MR was carried out using summary data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS). The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method of MR was employed as the primary analysis to explore the causal relationship between AAM and adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes. The reliability of the results was validated by sensitivity analysis, encompassing Cochran's Q test, residual one analysis, MR-egger intercept regression analysis, and funnel plot. Independent queues were also employed to confirm the reliability of the results.
Result(s): Two-sample MR analysis with the IVW method suggested that AAM exerted causal effects on the risk of GDM (OR 0.902, 95% CI 0.854-0.954, P<0.001) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (OR 0.906, 95% CI 0.857-0.959, P=0.001) However, no causal effect was observed for other pregnancy and perinataldiseases (gestational oedema and proteinuria without hypertension, polyhydramnios, intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, placenta disorder, placental abruption, placenta previa, premature rupture of membranes, postpartum haemorrhage, preterm labour, poor fetal growth and respiratory distress of newborn) (all P > 0.05). Further analyses of hypertensive disorder subtypes revealed causal effect of AAM ongestational hypertension (OR 0.907, 95% CI 0.845-0.974, P=0.007), pre-eclampsia or eclampsia (OR 0.871, 95% CI 0.810-0.937, P<0.001), and chronic hypertension (OR 0.859, 95% CI 0.766-0.964, P=0.010), but not chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia (OR 0.753, 95% CI 0.508-1.116, P=0.158), but not chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia (P> 0.05).
Conclusion(s): We confirmed a causal relationship between AAMand GDM, gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia or eclampsia, chronic hypertension, but not chronic hypertension with superimposed pre-eclampsia. Further research is necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms.
Monocular Depth Estimation for Vehicles with
mounted camera in Mixed Traffic conditions
Authors: Taviti Jeevana Jyothi , Mekala Deepika , Chilukuri Bhargava Rama
Published: November 2024

Depth estimation is crucial for computer vision applications like autonomous driving. While traditional methods such as LiDAR and radar are expensive, making monocular depth estimation a more cost-efficient alternative. However, deriving accurate depth from a single image is challenging due to its under-constrained nature. Monocular cues like perspective, scaling, and occlusion aid human depth perception, which deep learning-based models leverage to map image features to depth values. This research addresses the complexities of monocular depth estimation in mixed traffic conditions commonly found on Indian roads, with diverse vehicle classes, road surfaces, and unpredictable obstacles. Traditional methods often struggle in these scenarios. To overcome this, our study integrates object detection with deep learning models to estimate vehicle distances from frontal camera views. Validated using dashcam and drone footage, the proposed approach achieves an RMSE below 4 meters for both training and testing datasets. Moreover, the ensemble models reduced RMSE by up to 60% and improved the \(\textnormal{R}^\textnormal{2}\) value by 40%. This solution significantly enhances the spatial awareness of autonomous vehicles, providing a robust means of navigating heterogeneous traffic environments.
Socially responsible leadership as perceived by nursing students and non-nursing students in Taiwan
Authors: Liu Hsing-Yuan , Han Hui-Mei , Hsu Ding-Yang , Han Chin-Yen , Huang Ding-Hau , Chen Hsiu-Fang , Li Yu-Chi , Lin Chin-Yen , Chao Chun-Yen
Published: November 2024

Background: Socially responsible (SR) leadership offers college students a comprehensive view of leadership, leading to a more holistic approach to achievement in leadership development. However, little is known about students’ leadership ability in Taiwanese higher education compared to those of Europe and the U.S.A., particularly in Taiwanese nursing education. The aims of this study were to 1) examine Taiwanese college students’ self-perceived competence in SR leadership; and 2) compare nursing and non-nursing students’ competence on eight core values of SR leadership in Taiwan.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Data on SR leadership competence were collected from 96 Taiwanese college students (63 nursing students and 33 non-nursing students) enrolled in a leadership course incorporating design thinking contents. Cluster analysis and multiple regressions were applied to examine individual differences in students’ self-perceived SR leadership competence indexed by eight core values consisting of consciousness of self, congruence, commitment, collaboration, common purpose, controversy with civility, citizenship, and change.
Results: Students perceived their SR leadership at the medium-highlevels. Nursing students perceived greater overall mean SR leadership than the non-nursing students. Among eight core values, nursing students’ lowest mean score was consciousness of self. Taiwanese nursing students demonstrated significantly higher competence in controversy with civility of SR leadership competence than their non-nursing counterparts who had higher SR leadership capacity.
Conclusions: Nursing educators could target students’ controversy with civility of SR leadership competence may be the key to enhance students’ SR leader capacity.
Ring of capillary actuators as trap, tweezers, and ratchet for floating particles
Authors: Metzmacher Jean , Delens Megan , Vandewalle Nicolas
Published: November 2024

The manipulation of small floating objects represents a crucial step in mesoscale and microfabrication, or the self-aggregation of particles into functional devices. These tiny objects placed at a liquid-air interface interact due to the local liquid slopes created by their menisci. In this study, we present Dipolar Capillary Actuators (DCA), which can modify the local slope of the interface on demand thanks to the magnetic and capillary torque balance. We experimentally characterize these systems and provide a model to describe their ability to alter liquid slopes. These tiny DCA devices can attract or repel floating particles regardless of size, shape, and wettability. We present a proof-of-concept system comprising six DCAs arranged in a ring that serves as a capillary trap, tweezers, and ratchet.
Using Acoustic Emission Signal Analysis and Machine Learning Algorithms for Predicting Mechanical Hardness in Laser Directed Energy Deposition Parts
Authors: Xu Ke , Mahmoud Youmna , Manoochehri Souran , Vallabh Chaitanya Krishna Prasad
Published: November 2024

Despite recent advancements in Laser Directed Energy Deposition (LDED) Additive Manufacturing (AM) process, LDED fabricated parts frequently suffer from predictable and optimized mechanical performance and print quality. To address this, efforts are focused on predicting mechanical properties of fabricated parts using real-time monitoring data. This study aims to develop a non-destructive method coupled with machine learning (ML) models for predicting the mechanical hardness of samples printed by LDED process using acoustic emission (AE). The influence of key printing parameters, namely overlap ratio, dwell time, and number of layers, on the relationship between AE signal characteristics and the resulting mechanical hardness are investigated. AE features are extracted through signal processing from the raw signals acquired during the printing process. The mechanical hardness of the fabricated samples are then evaluated using Rockwell Hardness (HRB) measurements. For establishing a predictive relationship between the obtained AE features and the mechanical hardness, we develop and test three ML models, namely, Support Vector Regression (SVR), Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR), and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR). The performance of these models is assessed using two key metrics: Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Among the tested models, GBR demonstrated the highest accuracy, achieving an MAE of 1.41 and a MAPE of 1.88% in predicting the hardness of fabricated samples. These results highlight the potential of integrating AE sensors with advanced machine learning algorithms for real-time, non-destructive prediction of mechanical properties in LDED AM process.
Unraveling academic adjustment: Modeling structural equations mediated by emotional fatigue in students
Authors: Wang Zhaozhi , Wang Huanjun
Published: November 2024

Background:
Academic achievement is a complex construct that results from myriad personal, environmental and institutional factors. Where those two variables meet, each student will have their probable academic success. The aim of the present study was to examine the associations of academic adjustment with emotional exhaustion among 467 Chinese college students. The current study aims to elucidate the role of emotional exhaustion as a mediator between academic adjustment and, on the other hand, academic performance, and second in terms of its impact on life satisfaction.
Methods:
This present study was a cross-sectional survey study that was conducted on university students of all years. The current study indicates that these questionnaires are highly reliable with low inversion. Objective: The present study utilized the structural equation model (SEM) to examine the role of emotional fatigue and academic adjustment on three principal constructs of students' university success.
Results: Correlational analysis showed that academic adjustment and satisfaction with life were positively correlated (r = 0.497, p < 0.01): students who adjusted well to study found themselves more satisfied with their lives overall format than those not doing so. The academic adjustment was also significantly associated with the academic performance (r = 0.451, p < 0.05), suggesting that those who sought support from faculty were more likely to perform well in academics and vice versa. The negative relationship was found in emotional burnout and academic adjustment (r = −0.392, p < 0.01), which suggested that higher level of emotional fatigue might result in poorer adaptation to campus life as well lower satisfaction with their lives (r = −0.424, p < 0) Mediation analysis revealed that a lower level of emotional fatigue among academically successful students mediated the association between academic adjustment and low achievement.
Conclusion:
Identifying pathways for predicting academic adjustment in students can guide the educators and/or local educational system to identify student with high risk of academic maladjustment.
Short-chain fatty acids are a key mediator of gut microbial regulation of T cell trafficking and differentiation after traumatic brain injury
Authors: Celorrio Marta , Shumilov Kirill , Ni Allen , Self Wade K. , Vitorino Francisca N. L. , Rodgers Rachel , Schriefer Lawrence A. , Garcia Ben , Layden Brian T. , Egervari Gabor , Baldridge Megan T. , Friess Stuart H.
Published: November 2024

The gut microbiota has emerged as a pivotal regulator of host inflammatory processes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota communicates to the brain in TBI are still under investigation. We previously reported that gut microbiota depletion (GMD) using antibiotics after TBI resulted in increased microglial activation, reduced neurogenesis, and reduced T cell infiltration. In the present study, we have demonstrated that intestinal T cells contribute to the pool of cells infiltrating the brain after TBI. Depletion or genetic deletion of T cells before injury reversed GMD induced reductions in post-TBI neurogenesis. Short-chain fatty acid supplementation increased T regulatory and T helper1 cell infiltration to the brain along with restoring neurogenesis and microglia activation after TBI with GMD. These data suggest that T cell subsets are essential cellular mediators by which the gut microbiota modulates TBI pathogenesis, a finding with important therapeutic implications.
AutoRNet: Automatically Optimizing Heuristics for Robust Network Design via Large Language Models
Authors: Yu He , Liu Jing
Published: November 2024

Achieving robust networks is a challenging problem due to its NP-hard nature and the vast, complex, high-dimensional solution space. Current methods, from handcrafted feature extraction to deep learning approaches, have made certain advancements but remain rigid and complex, often requiring manual design, trial and error, and large amounts of labeled data. To deal with these problems, we propose AutoRNet, a novel framework that integrates large language models (LLMs) with evolutionary algorithms to automatically generate complete heuristics for robust network design. With the intrinsic properties of robust network structure in mind, effective network optimization strategy-based variation operations are designed to provide domain specific prompts for LLMs to help them make use of domain knowledge to generate advanced complete heuristics. Moreover, to deal with the difficulty brought by the hard constraint of maintaining degree distributions, an adaptive fitness function, which can progressively strengthening constraints to balance convergence and diversity, is designed. We evaluate the robustness of networks generated by AutoRNet’s heuristics on both sparse and dense initial scale-free networks. These solutions outperform those from current methods. AutoRNet reduces the need for manual design and large datasets, offering a more flexible and adaptive approach for generating robust network structures
Toward Online Personalization of Continuous Impedance Control for Powered Knee Prostheses
Authors: Hong Woolim , Naseri Amirreza , Huang He (Helen)
Published: November 2024

Humans perform locomotion by continuously modulating lower-limb joint impedance to ensure safe and adaptive interactions with the environment. This principle makes continuous impedance control promising for robotic prostheses to assist individuals with lower-limb amputations in locomotion. However, a significant challenge remains in control personalization to accommodate each user’s unique physiological traits. This study proposes a novel approach to enable personalization of continuous impedance prosthesis control. Kinematics-informed optimization was used to capture continuous knee impedance values in walking. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was then used to characterize the impedance curves with a reduced number of parameters, enabling tuning for each user's desired control impedance. Experimental evaluations with human participants demonstrate the feasibility of our personalization method to adjust continuous impedance to achieve the desired gait pattern. The findings inform a promising solution for delivering tailored prosthetic control, enhancing the experience, function, and quality of life of each user with lower-limb amputation.
An orally available Mpro/TMPRSS2 bispecific inhibitor with potent anti-coronavirus efficacy in vivo
Authors: Chu Hin , Shuai Huiping , Qiao Jingxin , Yoon Chaemin , Zhang Guo , Hou Yuxin , Xia Xiaoyan , Wang Lei , Deng Xinyue , Wang Yifei , Li Qingquan , Du Lianzhao , Liu Yuanchen , Zhou Minmin , Wong Hoi Ting , Liu Huan , Hu Bingjie , Chen Yan , Fang Zhen , Xia Ziyi , Chai Yue , Shi Jialu , Wang Yang , Zhu Tianrenzheng , Zhang Honglei , Yuan Shuofeng , Zhou Jie , Chan Jasper , Yuen Kwok-Yung , Xu Chunfu , Lei Jian , Yang Shengyong
Published: November 2024

Coronaviruses have caused three major endemics in the past two decades. Alarmingly, recent identification of novel zoonotic coronaviruses that caused human infections suggests the risk of future coronavirus outbreak caused by spillover infection from animal reservoirs remains high1,2. Therefore, development of novel therapeutic options with broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus activities are urgently needed. Here, we develop an orally-available bispecific inhibitor, TMP1, which simultaneously targets key coronavirus replication protease Mpro and the essential airway protease TMPRSS23,4. TMP1 shows broad-spectrum protection not only against different SARS-CoV-2 variants but also against multiple human-pathogenic coronaviruses in vitro. By using the K18-hACE2 transgenic mouse, hDPP4 knock-in mouse and golden Syrian hamster models, we demonstrate TMP1 cross-protects against highly-pathogenic coronaviruses (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV) in vivo and efficiently abrogates SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Through structural and mutagenesis studies, we confirmed the direct interaction of TMP1 with Mpro and TMPRSS2, and pinpoint the key sites of interactions. Importantly, TMP1 inhibits the infection of nirmatrelvir-resistant SARS-CoV-2 escape mutants. Together, our findings demonstrate the antiviral potential of the novel bispecific Mpro/TMPRSS2 antiviral design against human-pathogenic coronaviruses and other emerging coronaviruses.
Change of opioid prescribing before and after the COVID pandemic in California, 2017-2022
Authors: Wang Yun , Wang Hao , Watson Drake , Jose Kabir Snell , Stofer Ryan , Ng Quinton Ding Quan , Chang Chih-Hung , Miotto Karen A. , Heshmatipour Matthew , Chan Alexandre
Published: November 2024

Background The coronavirus disease pandemic 2019 (COVID-19) has profoundly affected healthcare access, but its impact on high-risk opioid prescribing patterns remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the changes in high-risk opioid prescribing in California during the pre-pandemic and during-pandemic phases.
Methods: This retrospective observational study utilized data from California’s prescription drug monitoring program (PDMP) to analyze high-risk opioid prescribing patterns. The study included California residents who received at least one oral opioid prescription during the study period, spanning a 33-month pre-pandemic phase (June 2017 to March 2020) and a 33-month pandemic phase (March 2020 to December 2022). We assessed four high-risk opioid prescribing patterns: (1) multiple provider episodes, (2) overlapping opioid prescriptions for seven or more days, (3) concurrent opioid and benzodiazepine prescriptions for seven or more days, and (4) high standardized dosage of opioid prescriptions. To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on these prescribing patterns, we applied interrupted time series analyses to assess trends before and after the onset of the pandemic in March 2020.
Results: Our analysis included 73 236 002 opioid prescriptions filled by 19 048 455 patients in California. Segmented regression analysis revealed declining trends in high-risk opioid prescribing behaviors before March 2020. However, since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the declining trends in overlapping opioid prescriptions, multiple provider episodes, concurrent use of opioids and benzodiazepine, and high-dose opioid prescriptions have been mitigated.
Conclusions: The pandemic likely influenced the decline in high-risk opioid prescribing patterns observed before its onset.
Revamping Road Tax Compliance: Unveiling Insights from Fiscal Psychology and Planned Behavior
Authors: Koerniawan Koenta Adji , Putri Andita Lusiana
Published: November 2024

This research explores the effects of road tax socialization, tax service quality, and tax sanctions on taxpayer compliance in Depok City’s Samsat (One-Stop Integrated Administration System). Data were collected through surveys of 44 tax authorities. Although Samsat employees have a positive view of tax socialization and service quality, road tax revenue remains low, suggesting a disconnect between perception and reality. The findings indicate a significant positive relationship among tax socialization, service quality, tax sanctions, and compliance, yet the revenue gap implies other influencing factors. The study suggests enhancing compliance through outreach, improved services, and stricter enforcement while integrating fiscal psychology and planned behavior theories with local socio-economic contexts. This approach offers tax authorities and policymakers valuable insights to improve road tax revenue.
Traffic Prediction and Network Load Forecasting in Mobile Networks Using Machine Learning
Authors: K SURESH KUMAR
Published: November 2024

Precisely, the accuracy in predicting network traffic with precise forecasting of load at the right time are very important because they contribute directly towards the optimal distribution of resources and prevention of future congestion in mobile networks. This work is based on predicting future network traffic patterns and load through the implementation of machine learning methods applied based on supervised algorithms, like Random Forests and Support Vector Machines (SVM). The proposed models use historical network data, environmental factors, and user behaviour to make real-time predictions about the traffic demand under which network resources can proactively be adjusted in advance. The experiments show that the machine learning-based models have better performance than the traditional ones, which means a higher accuracy in traffic demand prediction and better effectiveness in network management. This study shows how powerful machine learning is in making mobile networks offer better performance and reliability through effective ensuring optimal resource distribution and resisting congestion.
Neuroscreen-1 Cell Line – a Model for Parkinson’s Disease Neuronal Cell Death but not Alpha-Synucleinopathy
Authors: Chua PinFen , Lim William K. , Seruji Nurr Maria Ulfa , Lizazman Mas Atikah , Mian Vivien Jong Yi
Published: November 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the presence of Lewy bodies containing α-synuclein (α-syn). PC12 cells are commonly used in cellular PD models. Neurocreen-1 cells (NS-1, a variant of PC12 cells) have a reduced doubling time and exhibit an enhanced neuronal phenotype compared to its parental PC12 cell line. This study aimed to develop a PD model with NS-1 cells based on the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Firstly, we investigated the expression of (endogenous) wild-type α-syn and pathological phosphorylated α-syn (pSer129-α-syn) in 6-OHDA-treated NS-1 cells via western blotting. However, wild type or pSer129-α-syn could not be immunodetected. Next, we examined the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway in NS-1 cells treated with 6-OHDA. Cell viability was reduced, with significant activation of caspase-3 and -7. We validated this model by testing the effects of xanthones, a class of phytochemicals with reported neuroprotective properties. Gamma-mangostin at 10 nM increased cell viability with significant inhibition of caspase 3/7 activity, while beta-mangostin gave a lower effect. Lastly, we investigated the antiparkinsonian properties of lesser-studied xanthones: brasixanthone B, ananixanthone, thwaitesixanthone, trapezifolixanthone, and beta-mangostin.
NS-1 cells replicated the effects of the neurotoxin 6-OHDA seen in parental PC12 cells. Of the lesser-studied xanthones, brasixanthone B and ananixanthone gave the greatest antiapoptotic activity in the PD model. We make the first report that brasixanthone B and thwaitesixanthone are neuroprotective. NS-1 is a fast-growing and adherent cell line with neuronal characteristics useful as an in vitro PD model in screening compounds for antiapoptotic effects, but unsuitable for modelling α-synucleinopathy.
Analyzing Variability of Rainfall and Meteorological Drought Over Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Arba Adugna , Kebede Abebe
Published: November 2024

Rainfall variability is one of the most significant climate variables for global agricultural productivity. It has also effect on the agricultural activities, water and food security over the Wolaita Zone. Station and merged satellite data from 1990 to 2020 and also the two stages of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) data to analyze historical (1985 to 2014) and future projected meteorological drought changes from (2041–2100) using two Shared Socioeconomic Pathway (SSP) under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 emission scenarios were used in this study. The variability of rainfall at the annual, seasonal, and monthly scales was analyzed by using the coefficient of variation (CV) and standardized rainfall anomalies (SRA) over the study area. The modified Mann-Kendall test was used to determine the upward or downward trend and Sen’s slope estimator was used to determine increasing or decreasing in the magnitude. In this study, the power transformation (PT) bias correction method was used to correct the GCM (CMIP6) model data with the observed rainfall dataset serving as a reference. The SPI is the drought index, which indicates historical and future projected meteorological drought conditions at different severity levels that range from normal to extreme drought conditions. Future projected meteorological drought will be more affected by extreme and severe drought during the middle and far future under SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 scenarios, which is more frequent and intense than historical time over the study area. This study provides important guidance for identifying causes, minimizing impacts, and enhancing resilience to droughts over the Wolaita Zone.
Simple and Low-Cost Method for Quantifying Total Phenolic Compounds in Extra Virgin Olive Oils Using Digital Images
Authors: M. Vieira Aline , R. S. Gomes Bruna , N. Braga Kauanny Beatriz , M. Santos Jandyson
Published: November 2024

A simple, low-cost, and rapid analytical method for determination of the total phenolic content (TPC) in extra virgin olive oil samples (EVOOs) was developed, using digital images as an analytical tool. The method is based on an optimized Folin-Ciocalteu (F-C) colorimetric reaction, followed by digital image acquisition using a smartphone and processing with ImageJ® software to obtain red, green, and blue (RGB) values. The method was successfully validated, with recoveries between 73.11 and 112.65%, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 0.41 and 1.38 mg L-1, respectively. The TPC determined for eight EVOOs from different regions of the world were in the range of 186.38 to 378.87 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) kg-1, in accordance with some values reported in the literature. Statistical tests confirmed agreement between the results obtained using the digital image method and a reference method employing UV-Vis spectroscopy. The method complies with the principles of green chemistry, with reductions of cost, solvent use, and analysis time.
ON THE RUSSIAN EMBASSY OF 1715–1717 TO IRAN (PERSIA) ON THE EVE OF THE PERSIAN CAMPAIGN OF PETER THE GREAT
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Bazilenko Igor V.
Published: November 2024

The article is devoted to the Persian Campaign of 1722–1723 and mission of 1715– 1717 under the leadership of Colonel A. P. Volynsky. The mission faced a wide range of different tasks: from the collection of strategic information and the conclusion of a trade treatise, to the creation of a consular service and a permanent mission of the Russian Orthodox Church in Iran. The author concluded that the Russian emperor Peter I had decided to prepare for the beginning of the famous Persian campaign largely based on confidence in the information and conclusions of his envoy. The article contains data from The Foreign Policy Archives of Imperial Russia and The Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents.
NOGAI PEOPLE OF THE LOWER VOLGA REGION IN THE PROCESS OF SETTLING IN THE 18th–20th CENTURIES: SOURCES AND DIFFERENT VERSIONS
Authors:   Astrakhan Tatishchev State University, Victorin Victor M.
Published: November 2024

The presentation in the article is devoted to the sub-ethnic groups of the Nogais, on the borders of Eurasia in the south of the Russian Federation and, first of all, in the Astrakhan Region, with their rich history and energetic modernity. Here, for complex reasons, they were “forgotten” for a long time (Karagash, Yurt and 4–5 of their subgroups), but have been actively involved in research since the late 1980s. Sources for them are both scarce and heterogeneous. Inevitably, there is a combination of oral and written (the author’s dispute with the late V. V. Trepavlov). It is proposed to classify the sources as primary (from representatives of the ethnic group in the original language), transitional (the same, but in Russian) and secondary (“from outside”, Russian, including official, but often inaccurate in details), as well as data from foreign travelers along the Volga. The testimonies of then contemporaries are both sources and early analytical works (from Governor V. N. Tatishchev and Count Ya. Yu. Pototsky, academic expeditioners to P. I. Nebolsin, A. I. Umerov, A.-Kh. Sh. Dzhanibekov and V. D. Pyatnitsky, V. I. Trofimov, L. Sh. Arslanov, N. Z. Bashirov). Let us single out the works of Astrakhan people of different ages and ethnicities, as well as the efforts of the expeditions that came here (mostly from Tatarstan and Karachay-Cherkessia). There is a sudden and sharp discussion now with Academician D. M. Iskhakov from the city of Kazan and with his colleagues who stubbornly consider the Volga Nogais as Tatars or ethno-elements that inappropriately come out of the Tatars. Although the predictions and conclusions are premature, new sources and scientific papers are likely to be unexpected.
ACADEMICIAN V. M. ALEKSEEV ON THE PROSPECTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTERNATIONAL LANGUAGES BASED ON CHINESE CHARACTERS
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences Library, Vinogradova Tatjana I.
Published: November 2024

In the article analyzes the reaction of academician V. M. Alekseev in his 1932 book “Chinese Hieroglyphic writing and its Romanization”, on to the experiments on pasigraphy known to him, here understood as the creation of a single international letter based on Chinese hieroglyphics. Such attempts were made in Russia and Europe in the first decades of the 20th century, and despite the efforts of enthusiasts, they were not crowned with success, since in practice such writing required too much additional knowledge. The German technique called MEBIWEGAL and the pasigraphy of V. E. Cheshikhin, who was with V. M. Alekseev in correspondence, are discussed in detail. Cheshikhin also tried to attract Alekseev to the creation of an international pasygraphic dictionary.
MONGOLIAN CHESS, DOMINO, FOLK PAINTINGS (PLAYING CARDS, CALENDARS) AS AN UNIQUE EXPRESSION OF TRADITIONAL CULTURE
Authors:   Ust-Ordynsky National Center of Folk Fine Arts, Asalkhanova Ekaterina V.
Published: November 2024

The article deals with folk games, which have become widespread in Mongolia, Buryatia, Tuva, Kalmykia: national chess shatar, dominoes (chorlo, chorol), drawn playing cards (khozor, uichuur), calendars. A brief history of their origin, the rules of the game, as well as the peculiarities of manufacturing technology, composition and artistic solution are studied. Everyday life is reflected in the games. Images of animals testify to the observation of folk artists, their knowledge of animal habits. Games are an original expression of folk culture, true works of art. They give an idea of the Mongolian peoples’ everyday life, national costume, ornaments and typical activities (animal care, music-making, conversation, smoking tobacco, archery, etc.). These are fine folk examples of graphic and decorative-applied art, which are of great historical and artistic value. The article is based on works of art kept in museums of Mongolia, Russia, in private collections, as well as field research.
INTERREGIONAL COMMUNICATION OF CHINESE AND RUSSIAN LITERATURE IN THE CONTEXT OF WORLD LITERATURE
Authors:   Peking University, Zhang Bing
Published: November 2024

Chinese and Russian literature are historically closely connected. In the 1760s, Chinese literary works began to spread in Russia, and in the second half of the 19th century, the first translations of Russian works appeared in China. Through the analysis of historical facts and the process of real development, this article presents the characteristics of intercultural communication between Chinese and Russian literature in the context of world literature from two aspects: common literary and aesthetic consciousness and regional literature as a factual carrier of social development.