bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Buckling Temperature and Natural Frequencies of Thick Porous Functionally Graded Beams Resting on Elastic Foundation in a Thermal Environment
Authors: Ibnorachid Zakaria , Boutahar Lhoucine , EL Bikri Khalid , Benamar Rhali
Published: December 2019

In this paper, free vibrations of Porous Functionally Graded Beams (P-FGBs), resting on two-parameter elastic foundations, and exposed to three forms of thermal field, uniform, linear, and sinusoidal, are studied using a Refined Higher-order shear Deformation Theory. The present theory accounts for shear deformation by considering a constant transverse displacement and a higher-order variation of the axial displacement through the thickness of the beam. The stress-free boundary conditions are satisfied on the upper and lower surfaces of the beam without using any shear correction factor. The material properties are temperature-dependent and vary continuously through the depth direction of the beam, based on a modified power-law rule, in which two kinds of porosity distributions, uniform, and nonuniform, through the cross-section area of the beam, are considered. Hamilton’s principle is applied to obtain governing equations of motion, which are solved using a Navier-type analytical solution for simply supported P-FGB. Numerical examples are proposed and discussed in detail, to prove the effect of the thermal environment, the porosity distribution, and the influence of several parameters such as the power-law index, porosity volume fraction, slenderness ratio, and elastic foundation parameters on the critical buckling temperatures and the natural frequencies of the P-FGB.
CD28 Deficiency Ameliorates Thoracic Blast Exposure-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in the Brain through the PI3K/Nrf2/Keap1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cong Peifang , Tong Changci , Liu Ying , Shi Lin , Shi Xiuyun , Zhao Yan , Xiao Keshen , Jin Hongxu , Liu Yunen , Hou Mingxiao
Published: December 2019

Blast exposure is a worldwide public health concern, but most related research has been focused on direct injury. Thoracic blast exposure-induced neurotrauma is a type of indirect injuries where research is lacking. As CD28 stimulates T cell activation and survival and contributes to inflammation initiation, it may play a role in thoracic blast exposure-induced neurotrauma. However, it has not been investigated. To explore the effects of CD28 on thoracic blast exposure-induced brain injury and its potential molecular mechanisms, a mouse model of thoracic blast exposure-induced brain injury was established. Fifty C57BL/6 wild-type (WT) and fifty CD28 knockout (CD28-/-) mice were randomly divided into five groups (one control group and four model groups), with ten mice (from each of the two models) for each group. Lung and brain tissue and serum samples were collected at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 1 week after thoracic blast exposure. Histopathological changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. The expressions of inflammatory-related factors were detected by ELISA. Oxidative stress in the brain tissue was evaluated by determining the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the expressions of thioredoxin (TRX), malondialdehyde (MDA), SOD-1, and SOD-2. Apoptosis in the brain tissue was evaluated by TUNEL staining and the levels of Bax, Bcl-xL, Bad, Cytochrome C, and caspase-3. In addition, proteins of related pathways were also studied by western blotting and immunofluorescence. We found that CD28 deficiency significantly reduced thoracic blast exposure-induced histopathological changes and decreased the levels of inflammatory-related factors, including IL-1β, TNF-α, and S100β. In the brain tissue, CD28 deficiency also significantly attenuated thoracic blast exposure-induced generation of ROS and expressions of MDA, TRX, SOD-1, and SOD-2; lowered the number of apoptotic cells and the expression of Bax, cleaved caspase-3, Cytochrome C, and Bad; and maintained Bcl-xL expression. Additionally, CD28 deficiency significantly ameliorated thoracic blast exposure-induced increases of p-PI3K and Keap1 and the decrease of Nrf2 expression in the brain. Our results indicate that CD28 deficiency has a protective effect on thoracic blast exposure-induced brain injury that might be associated with the PI3K/Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway.
Digital Health in Cardiology: The Estonian Perspective
Authors: Lotman Eno-Martin , Viigimaa Margus
Published: December 2019

Background: Digital health is rapidly entering clinical practice in cardiology. Estonia is one of the leading nations in implementing digital nationwide solutions. Recently, the European Society of Cardiology organized the 1st Summit on Digital Health in Tallinn, which provided the opportunity to discuss various aspects concerning the digitalization of cardiology. Summary: The current review focuses on the advancements of Estonian digital health and digital cardiology as well as possible barriers and solutions for implementing digital innovations in cardiology. Key Messages: The authors have included aspects from the recent summit, personal communications, and literature reviews to express the current state and future possibilities of digital health in ­cardiology from the Estonian perspective.
Validity of Endoscopic Ultrasound Findings of Chronic Pancreatitis: Evaluation from the Viewpoint of Disease Risk Factors
Authors: Yamabe Akane , Irisawa Atsushi , Bhutani Manoop S. , Sato Ai , Maki Takumi , Takasaki Yusuke , Yoshida Yoshitsugu , Yamamoto Shogo , Shibukawa Goro
Published: December 2019

Background: The diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis (CP) using endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) criteria, referred to as the Rosemont classification (RC), has been widely performed. However, the validity of the RC, which was based on expert opinion, is still controversial. If EUS findings are associated with CP, then they should be associated with risk factors for CP. In this study, to verify the appropriateness of the RC and each EUS finding, we performed a retrospective analysis from the viewpoint of risk factors for CP. Summary: Three hundred and forty-four patients were enrolled in this study. Clinical background characteristics that associate with CP were alcohol intake, smoking, history of acute pancreatitis (AP), and age. The correlation between EUS criteria for CP and clinical background was investigated. All EUS findings except the presence of cysts showed significant correlations with one or 2 of the 3 following factors: ethanol (EtOH) intake, smoking status, and history of AP. Results of the univariate and multivariate analyses showed that 3 factors (EtOH intake, smoking, and history of AP) other than age were positively correlated with the RC. Moreover, the risk of progression from normal to consistent CP to indeterminate and suggestive CP was found to increase with increasing EtOH intake. Key Messages: The RC and each EUS finding was validated from the viewpoint of risk factors for CP.
Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sun Xiaomin , Tanisawa Kumpei , Zhang Yuping , Ito Tomoko , Oshima Satomi , Higuchi Mitsuru , Cao Zhen-Bo
Published: December 2019

Introduction: This study aimed to clarify whether 1 year of vitamin D3 supplementation has a direct effect on body composition and physical fitness in healthy adults. Methods: Ninety-five participants randomly received either 420 IU vitamin D3 per day (n = 48) or placebo (n = 47) in a double-blind manner for 1 year. Lean body mass and percentage body fat were determined. Physical fitness including hand grip strength, leg extension power and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25[OH]2D) concentrations were assessed using ELISA kits. Results: Serum 25(OH)D and (1,25[OH]2D) concentrations significantly increased by approximately 11.2 ± 9.2 ng/mL (pinteraction <0.001)and 7.0 ± 7.8 pg/mL (pinteraction <0.001) after 1 year of vitamin D3 supplementation respectively. Lean body mass significantly increased from 43.8 ± 9.6 to 44.3 ± 9.8 kg in vitamin D group, while no change was observed in placebo group (from 42.6 ± 8.9 to 42.4± 8.9 kg) after 1 year intervention. Furthermore, no treatment effects on other indicators of body composition and physical fitness were observed. Conclusions:One year of vitamin D supplementation effectively improves lean body mass, but not muscle strength and CRF in healthy adults.
Cuerpo y política en jóvenes del movimiento estudiantil universitario (Universidad del Cauca, Colombia)
Authors: Mauna-Rivera Willian Andrés , Jiménez-López Gerardo Hernán , Galak Eduardo Lautaro
Published: December 2019

Este artículo analiza cómo se configura el cuerpo de jóvenes que participan en dos grupos del movimiento estudiantil de la Universidad del Cauca. Metodológicamente se ubica en el principio de complementariedad, recurriendo a grupos de discusión e historias de vida que provocaron las narrativas. Los resultados destacan que las y los jóvenes configuran colectivamente en y con el cuerpo signos que se (re)producen en las prácticas políticas. Primero, los rituales de iniciación en la práctica política presentan los ritos de paso que introducen al joven en un nuevo campo. Segundo, el cuerpo de la acción, la procesualidad en la práctica política explica el cuerpo que va siendo. Y, tercero, la estética de la práctica política, el cuerpo que manifiesta supone la configuración de un cuerpo para la política, con los atributos para localizarse en este campo.
Corporeidad, motricidad y propuestas pedagógico-prácticas en aulas de educación infantil
Authors: Gamboa-Jiménez Rodrigo Alberto , Bernal-Leiva Milenka Noemí , Gómez-Garay Macarena Paz , Gutiérrez-Isla María José , Monreal-Cortés Catalina Belén , Muñoz-Guzmán Valentina Verónica
Published: December 2019

Este estudio cualitativo tiene por objetivo analizar la relación que se presenta entre el discurso y las propuestas pedagógico-prácticas en torno a la corporeidad y su expresión motriz en aulas de educación infantil. Para la recolección de la información se aplicaron entrevistas y observaciones a un grupo de educadoras de párvulos que se
desempeñaba en tres realidades educativas de la ciudad de Viña del Mar, Chile. El análisis de la información se realizó desde una lógica inductiva interpretativa, siguiendo las directrices de fragmentación y articulación de la teoría fundamentada. Los hallazgos revelan tensiones entre discursos que valoran la corporeidad y su expresión motriz
en edades tempranas, y lo que acontece en la realidad del aula infantil: prácticas corporales basadas en una visión tradicional, tecnocrática y funcional de la Educación Física.
«Aconchego do Lar»: Discutindo o Serviço de Acolhimento Familiar
Authors: Jacobina Laís Fernandes , Lemos de Paiva Ilana
Published: December 2019

O Serviço de Acolhimento Familiar (SAF) se encontra inserido num processo de reformulação da política de proteção dos direitos do público infantojuvenil. Assim, discute-se a implantação do SAF em um município do Nordeste brasileiro, sob a perspectiva dos profissionais do SAF, famílias (acolhedora e de origem), criança acolhida, Conselho Tutelar, Promotor de Justiça e Juiz. A partir de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizou-se a análise das concepções sobre o SAF, como uma alternativa de cuidados à população infantojuvenil. O estudo mostra que o SAF é considerado uma alternativa de atendimento às crianças e adolescentes, sendo ressaltada a atenção individualizada e a afetividade no contexto do acolhimento. Todavia, existem desafios a serem vencidos, como a maior divulgação do SAF, demonstrando, assim, que ele ainda não se consolidou na rede de atendimento.
Increased Incidence of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Events in Cardiovascular Patients With Elevated Apolipoprotein CIII
Authors: Olivieri Oliviero , Cappellari Manuel , Turcato Gianni , Bonetti Bruno , Girelli Domenico , Pizzolo Francesca , Friso Simonetta , Bassi Antonella , Castagna Annalisa , Martinelli Nicola
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—

Apo CIII (apolipoprotein CIII), a crucial regulator of lipoprotein metabolism, has been associated with increased activity of coagulation factors and thrombin generation and, in turn, with an increased risk of thromboembolic events in both arterial and venous districts. Thus, we hypothesized that it may affect the risk of acute ischemic cerebrovascular events in cardiovascular patients.

Methods—

We systematically checked medical records and quantified cerebral ischemic events in a cohort of 950 subjects (median age 65 with interquartile range, 55–79 years; 30.7% females) with or without angiographically defined coronary artery disease (CAD: 774 CAD and 176 CAD-free, respectively). All the subjects, enrolled between May 1999 and December 2006, were prospectively followed until death or July 31, 2018. Assessments of complete plasma lipid and apolipoprotein profiles, including Apo A-I, B, CIII, and E, were available for all subjects at enrollment.

Results—

After a median follow-up of 130 months (interquartile range, 69–189), 95 subjects (10%) suffered ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA) events. Stroke/TIA subjects had higher Apo CIII plasma concentration (11.4; interquartile range: 9.3–14.4 mg/dL) at enrollment than those without stroke/TIA (10.4, interquartile range: 8.7–13.0 mg/dL). Subjects with Apo CIII levels above the median value (10.6 mg/dL) exhibited an ≈2-fold increased risk of stroke/TIA, even after adjustment for potential confounders, including sex, age, CAD diagnosis, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, oral anticoagulant treatment, and all plasma lipid parameters (hazard ratio: 2.23 [95% CI, 1.21–4.13]). This result was confirmed in CAD and CAD-free populations, separately, and even by a propensity score matching method, in which 98 CAD and 98 CAD-free subjects were one-to-one matched for all clinical and laboratory characteristics.

Conclusions—

These findings suggest that a high Apo CIII plasma concentration may predict an increased risk of ischemic stroke/TIA in cardiovascular patients.
Effect of Heart Rate on Stroke Recurrence and Mortality in Acute Ischemic Stroke With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Lee Keon-Joo , Kim Beom Joon , Han Moon-Ku , Kim Joon-Tae , Choi Kang-Ho , Shin Dong-Ick , Yeo Min-Ju , Cha Jae-Kwan , Kim Dae-Hyun , Nah Hyun-Wook , Kim Dong-Eog , Ryu Wi-Sun , Park Jong-Moo , Kang Kyusik , Lee Soo Joo , Kim Jae Guk , Oh Mi-Sun , Yu Kyung-Ho , Lee Byung-Chul , Hong Keun-Sik , Cho Yong-Jin , Choi Jay Chol , Park Tai Hwan , Park Sang-Soon , Kwon Jee-Hyun , Kim Wook-Joo , Lee Jun , Lee Ji Sung , Lee Juneyoung , Gorelick Philip B. , Bae Hee-Joon ,   on the behalf of the CRCS-K (Clinical Research Collaboration for Stroke in Korea) Investigators
Published: December 2019

Background and Purpose—

There is a paucity of information about the role of resting heart rate in the prediction of outcome events in patients with ischemic stroke with atrial fibrillation. We aimed to investigate the relationships between the level and variability of heart rate in the acute stroke period and stroke recurrence and mortality after acute ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation.

Methods—

Acute patients with ischemic stroke who had atrial fibrillation and were hospitalized within 48 hours of stroke onset were identified from a multicenter prospective stroke registry database. The acute stroke period was divided into early (within 24 hours of hospitalization) and late (72 hours to 7 days from onset) stages, and data on heart rate in both stages were collected. Moreover, the level and variability of heart rate were assessed using mean values and coefficients of variation. Outcome events were prospectively monitored up to 1 year after the index stroke.

Results—

Among 2046 patients eligible for the early acute stage analysis, 102 (5.0%) had a stroke recurrence, and 440 (21.5%) died during the first year after stroke. A statistically significant nonlinear J-shaped association was observed between mean heart rate and mortality (
P
<0.04 for quadratic and overall effect) but not between mean heart rate and stroke recurrence (
P
>0.1 for quadratic and overall effect). The nonlinear and overall effects of the coefficients of variation of heart rate were not significant for all outcome variables. The same results were observed in the late acute stage analysis (n=1576).

Conclusions—

In patients with atrial fibrillation hospitalized for acute ischemic stroke, the mean heart rate during the acute stroke period was not associated with stroke recurrence but was associated with mortality (nonlinear, J-shaped association). The relationships between heart rate and outcomes were not observed with respect to heart rate variability.
Returning the ‘Fallen Terrorist’ for Burial in Non-international Armed Conflicts
Authors: Mégret Frédéric , Swinden Chloe
Published: December 2019

Although the regime applicable to the return of remains of combatants in international armed conflict is well known, the regime applicable in non-international armed conflicts is less clear. This is particularly the case when the members of armed groups are deemed to be ‘terrorists’ by the State which then refuses to return them to their families. The article examines how a Russian law to that effect has been examined and found wanting by the European Court of Human Rights. It suggests that the return of remains following non-international armed conflicts raises characteristic issues for the debate on the simultaneous and competing applicability of international humanitarian and international human rights law.
The Role of HEXACO Personality in Perceived Time Load
Authors: Koswara Ridwan , Widyanti Ari , Park Jaehyun
Published: December 2019

Today’s environment is characterized by time-demanding activities, which influence people’s perception of time. How people perceive time might be influenced by individual characteristics such as personality. The aim of this study is to observe the role of personality in perceived time load (defined as the extent to which time pressure is felt due to the pace at which tasks or task elements occur). Ninety-two participants (mean age = 20.87 years, SD = 0.86 years, 68 female) representing six different HEXACO personalities were involved voluntarily in this study; they completed a visual search task in conditions with different levels of difficulty, representing different time pressures. Perceived time load was assessed at the end of each condition. While performance is comparable, the results show that there is a strong tendency toward significance of personality in the perceived time load in general, in which extravert people tend to rate perceived time load higher than other personality types in the difficult tasks. Implications of the results are discussed.
When Art Is Not Mastered but Creates Insights. Shifting In and Out of Semantic Instability
Authors: Muth Claudia , Carbon Claus-Christian
Published: December 2019

It seems straightforward that humans seek stability while shifting in and out of it, be it the constant effort to stay in balance on our feet, to keep viable by homeostasis, or to make sense by actively predicting and constructing semantic stability. We suggest a dynamic view on the process of shifting in and out of semantic stability, especially in the case of art experience. Whereas gaining insight is related to liking, interest reflects the motivation to explore and benefits from promised opportunities for insight. Such general mechanisms could be relevant for responses to artworks that resist perceptual habits and allow for engaging shifts in and out of Semantic Instability (SeIns). A fictive protocol of experiencing an artwork exemplifies that gaining insight does not necessarily resolve SeIns. We suggest that some artworks do not ask for specific ‘solutions’ or a ‘mastering’ of predefined instabilities but allow for creating insights. This process can even be part of an ongoing engagement which makes us seek stability but gain insights when shifting in and out of it.
A new stargazer, Ichthyscopus pollicaris (Perciformes: Uranoscopidae), from East Asia
Authors: VILASRI VEERA , HO HSUAN-CHING , KAWAI TOSHIO , GOMON MARTIN F.
Published: December 2019

A new uranoscopid fish, Ichthyscopus pollicaris sp. nov., is described from East Asia waters around Taiwan and Japan. It can be distinguished from other congeners in having the ventral midline of the belly forming 3 prominent prolonged skin flaps, its posterior nostril oval to circular in shape, its pectoral-fin base lacking distinct blotches, and the uppermost pectoral-fin ray and adjacent interspace membrane with 1 or 2 white spots. The biogeography of I. pollicaris is discussed.
A new Malthopsis batfish from Taiwan, with comments on Malthopsis tiarella Jordan, 1902 (Lophiiformes: Ogcocephalidae)
Authors: HO HSUAN-CHING , KOEDA KEITA
Published: December 2019

A new species of the triangular batfish genus Malthopsis Alcock, 1891 is described on the basis of 9 specimens collected from off Taiwan. The new species belongs to a species group with ventral surface covered by numerous small prickle-like bucklers. It differs from the members in this species group in having ventral surface entirely covered with tiny bucklers; principal bucklers on dorsal surface relatively tall, few in number and loose in arrangement; subopercle dull without enlarged forward-directed spine; rostral spine directed forward horizontally; 5 dorsal-fin rays and 12 pectoral-fin rays; and posterior tip of appressed anal fin not reaching caudal-fin base. Two specimens of Malthopsis tiarella Jordan, 1902 collected from Taiwan are recognized and its diagnosis is discussed.
An unexpected distribution record of the cold water fish Pholis fangi (Pholidae) from southern Taiwan
Authors: KOEDA KEITA , MUTO NOZOMU
Published: December 2019

Gunnel species (family Pholidae), characterized by an elongated bar-like body and usually found in shallow coastal waters, are mostly restricted to temperate to subarctic waters in the Northern Pacific Ocean, although some in the Western Pacific are distributed southward to the northern East China Sea. Despite the absence of previous records from subtropical and tropical waters, a single specimen of the fish family Pholidae was recently trawled off southwestern Taiwan. Examination on the morphological characteristics and DNA barcoding revealed this is a Pholis fangi (Wang & Wang 1935), a species previously recorded only from cold waters in the Bohai and Yellow seas. As a consequence, the present specimen represents the first record of the species from the subtropical South China Sea coast of Taiwan, as well as an isolated southernmost record of this species, more than 1,000 km southward from the otherwise known distribution. Detailed morphology and fresh coloration are described.
Review of the genus Eustomias (Stomiiformes: Stomiidae: Melanostomiinae) of Taiwan, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: KOEDA KEITA , HO HSUAN-CHING
Published: December 2019

The barbeled dragonfish genus Eustomias in Taiwan is reviewed. Five species in three subgenera are recognized, including three new species, a new record, and an unidentified species. Eustomias (Dinematochirus) dendrobium sp. nov. can be distinguished from its congener by its unique barbel structure. Eustomias (Haploclonus) stamen sp. nov. has a unique barbel structure and diagnostic meristic characters. Eustomias (Nominostomias) tritentaculatus sp. nov. has an extremely long barbel and distinct pigmentation, with fin ray counts that are different from most similar species. Eustomias (Nominostomias) perplexus Gibbs, Clarke & Gomon 1983, widespread in the western Pacific Ocean is reported for the first time from Taiwan. Three specimens of Eustomias were only identifiable to subgenus Haploclonus due to their poor condition.
Two new species of the genus Ophichthus from the western central Pacific Ocean, with a redescription of Ophichthus megalops Asano, 1987 (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae)
Authors: HIBINO YUSUKE , CHIU YUNG-CHIEH , CHEN HONG-MING , SHAO KWANG-TSAO
Published: December 2019

Two new species similar to Ophichthus megalops Asano, 1987 with dark-tipped anal fins, are described on the basis of one specimen of each species. Ophichthus semilunatus sp. nov. from northeastern Taiwan is characterized by having 176 total vertebrae, three rows of teeth on the maxilla, one + three supraorbital pores, two preopercular pores, a brownish anterior-nostril tube, and a blotch on the anterior margin of anus. Ophichthus brevidorsalis sp. nov. from New Caledonia is characterized by having two preopercular pores, one + three supraorbital pores, smaller eyes 2.7 in head, a short head 9.5% of total length, a long tail 59.8% of total length, a slightly short snout 19.4% of head, and 43 predorsal vertebrae. A redescription of O. megalops is provided based on the holotype and 18 specimens newly collected from Taiwan. Selected characters of all nine Ophichthus with a dark-tipped anal fin are provided. In addition, partial COI sequences of five species is provided.
Review of the Stemonosudis rothschildi species complex, with descriptions of two new species from the Indo-west Pacific Ocean (Aulopiformes: Paralepididae)
Authors: HO HSUAN-CHING , RUSSELL BARRY , GRAHAM KEN , PSOMADAKIS PETER N.
Published: December 2019

Three barracudina species are recognized in the Stemonosudis rothschildi species complex, which includes Stemonosudis rothschildi Richards, 1967, and two new species described herein. Stemonosudis multifasciatus sp. nov. is described based on five specimens collected off northwestern Australia and Myanmar, Eastern Indian Ocean. It is characterized by having 16 brownish blotches on dorsum (10 before dorsal-fin origin); 49–51 caudal vertebrae; 93‒95 total vertebrae; dorsal-fin origin relatively forward in position, distance between origins of pelvic and dorsal fins 52.3‒63.0% of distance between origins of pelvic and anal fins; and combination of body proportions. Stemonosudis retrodorsalis sp. nov. is described based on 15 specimens collected from off the Philippines, Indonesia and northwestern Australia. It is characterized by having dorsal-fin origin at about vertical through anal-fin origin, insertion of anal fin relatively forward, preanal length 71.5‒79.5% SL; 6 blotches on dorsum before DFO and 4 on abdominal ridge before VFO and unique combination of body proportions. A redescription of S. rothschildi, based on specimens collected from off Dongsha (Pratas) Islands, Australia and West Indies, is also included.
Two new deep-sea anglerfishes (Oneirodidae and Gigantactidae) from Taiwan, with synopsis of Taiwanese ceratioids
Authors: HO HSUAN-CHING , SHAO KWANG-TSAO
Published: December 2019

Two new species of deep-sea anglerfishes are described on the basis of specimens collected from off northeastern Taiwan. Oneirodes formosanus sp. nov., based on one adult female, differs from its congeners in having a deep caudal peduncle (15.4% SL) and esca with a single simple, elongate, unbranched, internally pigmented, anterior escal appendage; a simple, elongate, posterior escal appendage; an elongate terminal escal papilla; and no medial and lateral escal appendages. Gigantactis cheni sp. nov., based on three adult females, differs from its congeners in having a series of unpigmented filaments at base of illicium; a black terminal elongated esca bearing numerous dermal spinules; relatively more jaws teeth with the outtermost ones relatively short. A synopsis of Taiwanese species of the suborder Ceratioidei is provided.
Sardinella alcyone n. sp., a new sardine (Teleostei: Clupeiformes: Clupeidae) from the northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: HATA HARUTAKA , MOTOMURA HIROYUKI
Published: December 2019

The new sardine Sardinella alcyone n. sp. is described on the basis of 19 specimens collected from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan and southwestern Taiwan. The new species closely resembles Sardinella pacifica Hata & Motomura 2019, both species having lateral scales with centrally discontinuous striae, a dark spot on the dorsal-fin origin, the pelvic fin with 8 rays, deciduous body scales, and very similar numbers of prepelvic and postpelvic scutes, scale rows in the longitudinal series, and pseudobranchial filaments. However, the new species is distinguished from S. pacifica by having lower total gill-raker counts on the first, second, third and fourth gill arches, and on the posterior face of the third gill arch (99–112, 97–115, 79–98, 62–77, and 25–31, respectively, vs. 112–137, 112–148, 95–127, 78–106, and 30–43), and greater pectoral fin (20.7–23.4% SL vs. 18.2–20.8%), pelvic fin (11.9–13.1% SL vs. 10.3–11.9%), maxilla (10.8–12.4% SL vs. 9.3–10.9%), lower jaw (11.8–13.4% SL vs. 10.4–11.6%), and pre-anal-fin length (77.4–82.3% SL vs. 72.9–79.3%) proportions.
Effect of an Electronic Health Record Transition on the Provision of Recommended Well Child Services in Pediatric Primary Care Practices
Authors: Binney Geoffrey , Cole-Poklewski Tamalie , Roomian Tamar , Trudell Emily K. , Hatoun Jonathan , O’Donnell Heather , Vernacchio Louis
Published: December 2019

We sought to determine the effect of transitioning between electronic health record (EHR) systems on the quality of preventive care in a large pediatric primary care network. To study this, we performed a retrospective chart analysis of 42 primary care practices from the Pediatric Physicians’ Organization at Children’s who transitioned EHRs. We reviewed 24 random encounters per week distributed evenly across 6 age categories before, during, and after a transition period. We reviewed encounter documentation for age-appropriate well child services, per American Academy of Pediatrics/Bright Futures guidelines. Logistic regression and statistical process control analysis were used. In the pretransition period, 84.5% of all recommended elements were documented versus 86.4% posttransition ( P = .04). Documentation of age-appropriate anticipatory guidance showed significant positive change (69.0% to 80.2%, P = .005), but it was the only subdomain with a statistically significant increase. These increases suggest that EHR transitions have the opportunity to affect the delivery of preventive care.
Impacts of Urbanization and ICT Use on Loneliness Among the Elderly in Israel
Authors: Pearlman-Avnion Shiri , Goldschmidt Yael , Shamis Neli
Published: December 2019

This study explores the impact of residential environment (urban vs. kibbutz community) and use of information and communication technology (ICT) on loneliness among the elderly in Israel. The quantitative study surveys four sub-populations of people above the age of 65: (a) kibbutz residents who use ICT, (b) kibbutz residents who do not use ICT, (c) urban residents who use ICT, and (d) urban residents who do not. Findings confirm the hypotheses that urban residents will report greater loneliness than kibbutz residents, and ICT users will report lower feelings of loneliness than non-users. A significant effect of residential environment is found. A significant impact of ICT use is also found, but the effect size is small. Furthermore, there is interaction between the variables: Kibbutz residents using ICT report greater loneliness than those who do not, while among urban residents, ICT users report a lower level of loneliness.
Building worker power for day laborers in South Korea’s construction industry
Authors: Yi Sohoon , Chun Jennifer Jihye
Published: December 2019

This article examines how unions build worker power for day laborers in South Korea’s construction industry in the context of widespread informality. Drawing upon regional case studies of the Korean Construction Workers Union (KCWU), we find that construction day laborers experience poor working conditions and rampant employment violations under multiple layers of subcontracting that enable capital to bypass existing labor laws and regulations. Despite the regulatory challenges of complex subcontracting systems, unions can still exert direct pressure on firms to improve informal working conditions by securing and enforcing creative collective agreements. Key to this process is the development of regionally-specific forms of worker power that target firms located higher up the subcontracting chain to take responsibility for informal working conditions. Although the scope of influence varies depending on the type of worker power that unions cultivate (e.g. structural, associational, and symbolic), each form of worker power has enabled unions in different regional contexts to establish uniform standards regarding job quality and job security despite formal restrictions on the legal authority of unions as bargaining agents for informal workers. While such approaches require a high level of organizational and strategic capacity, they demonstrate the ongoing relevance of unions in challenging the global turn to informal work through workplace organizing and collective bargaining.
Micro/nanoscale structural, mechanical and tribological characterization of ZA-27/SiC nanocomposites
Authors: Babic Miroslav , Stojanovic Blaza , Dzunic Dragan , Pantic Marko
Published: December 2019

The structural, mechanical and tribological properties of ZA-27/SiC nanocomposites were investigated at micro/nanoscale. The nanocomposites with different volume fractions of nano-sized SiC particles were produced using the compocasting technique. The microstructure of nanocomposites was characterized with formation of SiC nano agglomerates, which were relatively uniformly distributed. The increase in SiC content contributed to the uniformity of their distribution. Also, the phenomenon of particle segregation in the form of particle-rich clusters, as well as particle-porosity clusters, was identified. The density level of composites decreased with the increase of the SiC content. The porosity followed a reverse trend. The tendency for formation of local particle-porosity clusters was the highest in ZA-27/1% SiC nanocomposite, causing the highest level of porosity. Increasing percentage of SiC content was followed by the increase in micro/nanohardness of the composites. The results of micro/nanoscale tribotests revealed that the reinforcing with SiC nanoparticles significantly improved wear and friction behavior of ZA-27 matrix alloy. The rate of improvement increased with the increase of SiC nanoparticle content, load, and sliding speed. The highest degree of changes corresponded to the change of the SiC nanoparticle content from 0 to 1 wt%. The further decrease of wear with SiC content (from 1 to 5 wt%) was almost linear. The different tribological behavior of tested ZA-27 matrix and ZA-27/SiC nanocomposites was influenced by differences of intensity of adhesion resulted in transferred layers of matrix material onto worn surfaces of Al2O3 ball counterpart. The intensity of adhesion significantly decreased with the increase of SiC nanoparticle content.
Atomic force microscopy-based nanomechanical characterization of kenaf fiber
Authors: Parvej M Subbir , Wang Xinnan , Fehrenbach Joseph , Ulven Chad A
Published: December 2019

Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L.) fiber is being extensively used as a reinforcement material in composites due to its excellent mechanical properties. To use this fiber more efficiently, it is necessary to understand its mechanical properties at micro/nano meter scale. Despite the evidence of some past studies to determine the elastic modulus of kenaf fiber, most of them were performed on fiber bundles. Bundle-based method to find the elastic moduli has some obvious issues of foreign materials being present, incorrect gauge length, and sample diameter due to void spaces. These issues pose as obvious hurdles to determine the elastic modulus accurately. In this study, individual kenaf micro fiber was used to find elastic modulus in the radial direction. The radial elastic modulus of the fiber was characterized by atomic force microscopy-based nanoindentation. To determine the radial elastic modulus from the force versus sample deformation data, the extended Johnson–Kendall–Roberts model was used which considered adhesion force from the fiber surface. The radial elastic modulus of the kenaf fiber was found to be 2.3 GPa.
Motivational Effects of Enhanced Expectancies for Motor Learning in Individuals With High and Low Self-Efficacy
Authors: Ghorbani Saeed , Bund Andreas
Published: December 2019

Previous research has shown that enhanced expectancies can foster a person’s motivational state and facilitate motor learning. However, the effects of enhanced expectancies on motivational state and subsequent motor learning in individuals with varied motivational states (e.g., self-efficacy; SE) are not well understood. This study examined the effects of enhanced expectancies on motivational state and motor learning in individuals with high and low SE by manipulating the type of knowledge of results (KR). We selected 60 participants from 251 male undergraduate students, based on their SE level, and assigned them to four groups: (a) Good Performance KR and High SE, (b) Poor Performance KR and High SE, (c) Good Performance KR and Low SE, and (d) Poor Performance KR and Low SE. We asked participants to throw beanbags at a target with their nondominant hand during an acquisition phase (10 blocks of six trials each) and during subsequent retention and transfer tests. During acquisition, the Good KR groups received KR from their three most accurate trials in each training block, whereas the Poor KR groups received KR from their three poorest attempts in each block. We measured accuracy scores and changes in SE as dependent variables. Results showed that KR from good trials, relative to KR from poor trials, led to better accuracy scores during acquisition and retention and transfer tests, independent of participants’ initial SE levels. Moreover, KR on good trials enhanced SE in the Good KR and Low SE group and kept SE at a high level in the Good KR and High SE group during acquisition and on the retention and transfer tests. These results provide support for the OPTIMAL (optimizing performance through intrinsic motivation and attention for learning) theory of motor learning, and we discuss results in terms of the potential effects of positive feedback on motor performance in professional athletes.
Identifying, Defining, and Measuring Justification Mechanisms: The Implicit Biases Underlying Individual Differences
Authors: Schoen Jeremy L. , DeSimone Justin A. , Meyer Rustin D. , Schnure Katherine A. , LeBreton James M.
Published: December 2019

Twenty years ago, conditional reasoning (CR) was presented as a technology for assessing the implicit aspects of personality. Although this assessment method has been lauded as an advance for organizational scholarship, relatively few CR tests have been developed and validated. We argue that a major impediment to the broader implementation of this technique has been the disproportional emphasis by researchers on measurement-related issues at the expense of better describing the core theoretical processes that underlie CR—namely, justification mechanisms (JMs). In an effort to rectify this problem we (a) explain the differences between implicit and explicit individual differences, (b) introduce the key psychological mechanism associated with these implicit individual differences as conceptualized through CR (JMs), (c) describe how researchers can identify JMs, and (d) discuss how JMs may be measured with CR items. Our work is intended to serve as a catalyst for future CR initiatives by refocusing the attention of researchers on the theoretical underpinnings of CR, thus enabling researchers to build more theoretically sound tests.
The Anti-Coca-Cola Movement in Plachimada, Kerala
Authors: Rajesh K. P.
Published: December 2019

This study focuses on the post-1990s Anti-Coca-Cola movement that emerged in the village of Plachimada, which is located in the Perumatty panchayat in the state of Kerala, India. Taking the larger neoliberal context into account, this article examines how the advent of global capital destructed the “local,” and the ways in which it has been reconfigured, giving rise to the Anti-Coca-Cola movement. Various conceptions of the “local” have been constructed within the movement and they have been examined using discourse analysis. This article argues that the “local” is not a pre-given concept; rather, it can be used in an antagonistic as well as collaborative manner with the “global.”
Child Labor in Farming Households in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria
Authors: Ofuoku Albert Ukaro , Ovharhe Oghenero Joseph , Agbamu Joseph Unuetara
Published: December 2019

Child labor is a major issue in many parts of the Global South. This study was conducted in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria to examine the level of involvement of children in arable farming activities. Three states in the region were selected for the study, and arable farming households were randomly selected from these states. Out of the selected farming households, 362 children (6–17 years of age) were interviewed. It was found that children were highly involved in most of the farming activities that are considered hazardous. The reasons given by the farming household heads for the engagement of household children in farming activities included cultural, economic, and political factors. Most of the children combined schooling and farming activities. The research data showed that there was no significant relationship in the level of involvement of children in agricultural labor between the three Niger Delta states, but it showed significant difference in the nature of farming activities in which the children were involved. The implications of agricultural development are that these conditions will lead to the transmission of agricultural knowledge, technical, and social skills from generation to generation. It is recommended that (a) a compromise should be reached between schooling and the involvement of children in farming activities; (b) that children should always be made to wear protective gear when they carry out hazardous farming operations; and (c) their involvement and technical education in agricultural skills should give them a future positive interest in agriculture as a career/profession.
The climate change of your desires: Climate migration and imaginaries of urban and rural climate futures
Authors: Paprocki Kasia
Published: December 2019

What are the political imaginaries contained within representations of urban climate futures? What silent but corollary rural dispossessions accompany them? I investigate these questions through the experience of migrants from rural coastal Bangladesh to peri-urban Kolkata. The threats posed to their villages by a variety of ecological disruptions (both loosely and intimately linked with climate change) drive their migration in search of new livelihoods. Their experiences suggest that the demise of rural futures is entangled with the celebration of urban climate futures. However, social movements in this region resisting agrarian dispossession point to alternative political imaginaries that resist teleologies of urbanization at the expense of agrarian livelihoods. Current work in both agrarian studies and urban studies theorizes these linked dynamics of rural–urban transition, seeking to understand them in relation to broader political economies. I bring these debates into conversation with one another to highlight the importance of attention to counter-hegemonic agrarian political imaginaries, particularly in the face of predictions of the death of the peasantry in a climate-changed world. It won’t be possible to identify or pursue just climate futures without them.
The projection of the thoracic nerve roots and their connection with intervertebral discs: a cadaver and radiological study
Authors: Jiang Chao , Guo Qiang , Sun Ze-Ming , Chen Ze-Xin , Xu Jia-Jing , Jin Yu , Wu Yao-Sen
Published: December 2019

Background

The anatomical features of the thoracic nerve roots in connection with intervertebral discs may prevent surgery-related complications and improve patients’ neurological functional status during thoracic spine surgery. There is limited literature evidence regarding this concept using cadavers.

Purpose

To elucidate the qualitative anatomical features of the thoracic nerve roots in connection with intervertebral discs.

Material and Methods

Fifteen formalin-preserved spine specimens were used in this study. Small pieces of stainless-steel wires were placed along the root sleeves from their points of origin, after exposing the dural sac and bilateral nerve roots. The standard anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were taken after the placement of the wires. Measurements were done on radiographs using the picture archiving communication system.

Results

Take-off angles of the nerve roots at the coronal plane gradually increased from the level of T2 (36.1°±2.72°) to T9 (84.1°±1.84°) and from T9, it decreased to T12 (46.3° ± 2.67°). Similar variation tendency was discovered in take-off angles of the nerve roots at the sagittal plane. No consistent tendency was found both in the distance from the origin of the root sleeve to its superior and inferior vertebral endplate. Distance from the origin of the root sleeve to the posterior midline (DM) exponentially decreased from T1 (8.2 ± 0.87 mm) to T4 (6.0 ± 0.93 mm). It slowly increased from T5 (5.5 ± 0.68 mm) to T12 (10.9 ± 1.79 mm), with T5 having the smallest DM. Distance between the origins of neighboring nerve roots showed an obvious increase from the T1–T2 interval (23.1 ± 2.22 mm) to T7–T8 interval (30.9 ± 2.68 mm). However, it progressively decreased at the T10–T11 interval (26.0 ± 2.40 mm).

Conclusion

The dimensions of the thoracic nerve roots vary greatly from T1 to T12 intervertebral discs. Sound knowledge of these anatomical features of the thoracic nerve is mandatory for the thoracic spine surgery, especially in the posterolateral approach and transforaminal endoscopic surgery.
The destruction of Hazor: Israelite history and the construction of history in Israel
Authors: Benz Brendon C
Published: December 2019

The present study presents an alternative model of pre-monarchic Israel’s political organization in tandem with an investigation into the role of place in the preservation of memory that explains how and why the tradition of Hazor’s demise was included in the Bible. Corresponding to the type of decentralized political organization attested in the Amarna letters, the core narratives in Judges depict Israel as a confederation of independent entities whose concerns revolved around local affairs. As the identity of Israel evolved over time, the memories of the most significant of these affairs were retained, often with the aid of material remains in the familiar landscape. The apparent injunction against building over Hazor’s 13th century palace ruins during Israel’s subsequent occupation and the inclusion of Hazor’s destruction from competing perspectives in the Bible suggest that it was an important event in Israel’s history, even if the entirety of Israel was not involved.
Engaging in building the educational support needed to deliver precision health in Canada
Authors: Anderson Dave W. , Bousman Chad A. , Chapman Krista
Published: December 2019

Canadian healthcare facilities are poised to benefit from the tools of precision health. To do so effectively, however, it is crucial that we align changes in how healthcare professionals are educated in order to ensure they have the skills, knowledge, and training to fully engage with its tools. Here, we propose that the design, development, and delivery of novel educational programs focused on precision health should be prioritized for healthcare professionals, and we suggest some essential curricular considerations to that end. Additionally, it is crucial to see engagement on the part of health leaders, who will ultimately be most responsible for managing the changing needs of frontline staff as the tools of precision health become increasingly available. By engaging directly with educators in establishing new programs for precision health, we can ensure that its promise is fully for healthcare facilities, practitioners, and patients.