bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations Between Upper Extremity Activity Capacity and Strength and Post-Operative Ambulation After Geriatric Hip Fracture: A Prospective Controlled Study
Authors: Tuncez Mahmut , Bulut Tugrul , Onder Yilmaz , Talar Omur Rezan
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of upper extremity activity capacity and hand grip strength on early post-operative ambulation in geriatric patients undergoing hip arthroplasty for hip fracture. Methods: This study included patients over 70 years of age who underwent cementless bipolar hemiarthroplasty for geriatric femoral neck fracture to form a homogeneous cohort. This prospective study was terminated when the number of patients reached 102 after power analysis. Demographic data, cumulative ambulation scores (CASs), quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (QDASH) scores, and hand grip strength (HGS) were recorded both pre-operatively and post-operatively (3rd and 30th days). The presence of a linear relationship between the numerical and ordinal variables was analyzed using correlation analysis. Results: The mean age of the patients was 78.8 years (range: 70–93 years). There was a positive correlation between the HGS and CAS (r = 0.717, p < 0.05). A negative correlation was found between HGS, age (r = −0.529, p < 0.05), and QDASH scores (r = −0.408, p < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the QDASH score, HGS, and CAS, and a positive correlation between the QDASH score and age (p < 0.05). Conclusions: This study showed a direct relationship between post-operative ambulation capacity, upper extremity activity capacity, and hand grip strength in geriatric hip fractures. While older age negatively affects this capacity, upper extremity activity capacity and hand grip strength positively affect it.
Diabetes Mellitus in Kidney Transplant Recipients: New Horizons in Treatment
Authors: Sanchez-Baya Maya , Bolufer Mónica , Vázquez Federico , Alonso Nuria , Massó Elisabet , Paul Javier , Coll-Brito Veronica , Taco Omar , Anton-Pampols Paula , Gelpi Rosana , DaSilva Iara , Casas Ángela , Rodríguez Rosely , Molina Maria , Cañas Laura , Vila Anna , Ara Jordi , Bover Jordi
Published: February 2025

Diabetes mellitus (DM) in kidney transplant recipients (KTR) is a risk factor for mortality, increases the risk of infections and, in the long term, can lead to graft loss due to diabetic kidney disease. A preventive approach applied to those on the waiting list could decrease the incidence of post-transplant DM (PTDM) by detecting those patients at risk, thus allowing strategies to minimize the probability of developing a New Onset Diabetes After Transplant (NODAT). On the other hand, modifications of immunosuppressive therapy may improve glucose control in patients with KTR. In recent years, two new classes of antidiabetic drugs and non-steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have demonstrated cardiovascular and renal benefits in randomized clinical trials where the transplant population has not been represented. Because of the potential benefit expected in this population, the clinical use of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) and finerenone is increasing in the kidney transplant setting. This review focuses on comprehensive pharmacological interventions in KTR with glucose metabolism disorders. In-depth knowledge in this area will allow prevention and identification of potential adverse effects or drug interactions in the clinical course of KTR with DM.
Occupational Injuries Among Hospital Workers: A Retrospective Study in Turkey
Authors: Medeni Volkan , Çetintepe Sultan Pınar , Medeni İrem , Özdemir Öztel Hilal , Bozdağ Fatma , Uğraş Dikmen Asiye
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Occupational injuries among healthcare workers adversely affect the quality of healthcare services by undermining their physical and mental well-being. This study evaluates the frequency, characteristics, and influencing factors of occupational injuries among non-physician healthcare workers in a university hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional study examines occupational injuries reported between 2020 and 2023 at a university hospital in Turkey. Variables included sociodemographic characteristics, occupation, department, working hours, cause and type of injury, time of injury, affected body part, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), medical intervention, and incapacity for work. Results: A total of 694 occupational injuries were reported at Gazi University Hospital between 2020 and 2023, with the fewest cases occurring in 2021. Among the injured workers, 58.8% were female, 89.2% were aged between 20 and 49 years, 30.1% did not use PPE, 76.4% received medical intervention, and 11.1% experienced incapacity for work. Cleaning workers (33.6%) and nurses (32.1%) accounted for the highest proportion of injuries. Sharps injuries were the most common type (48.8%), while injuries to the hands, fingers, and wrists comprised 53.3% of cases. The highest frequency of injuries occurred between 11:00 and 11:59 am. Sharps injuries were significantly associated with gender, age, educational background, occupation, working hours, and injury time. In contrast, cases of workplace violence were significantly associated with gender, occupation, and working hours. Conclusions: Sharps injuries and violence represent critical occupational hazards. Preventive strategies should be tailored to healthcare workers’ occupational roles and educational levels. Effective surveillance systems and reporting mechanisms should be implemented to promote workplace safety and reduce the risk of injuries.
Asymmetric Dimethylarginine (ADMA) as a Novel Risk Factor for Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kobayashi Shuzo , Ohtake Takayasu , Mochida Yasuhiro , Ishioka Kunihiro , Oka Machiko , Maesato Kyoko , Moriya Hidekazu , Hidaka Sumi
Published: February 2025

Background: Vascular calcification (VC) is a characteristic feature of atherosclerosis in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and coronary artery calcification (CAC) significantly impacts future cardiovascular events and mortality. Although factors associated with CAC are well reported, only a few studies have evaluated the factors associated with the progression of CAC in pre-dialysis patients with CKD. Methods: We quantitatively evaluated CAC progression using the CAC score (CACS) measured using 16-row multi-detector computed tomography and assessed associated factors in 74 patients with CKD. Results: The median annual increase in CACS was 23.7 (IQR 2.0–73.0). CAC progression was associated with serum phosphate and plasma asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels, an endogenous inhibitor of nitric-oxide synthase and a marker of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, in univariate analysis. Multivariate analysis revealed that ADMA is an independent risk factor for CAC progression in patients with CKD. The annual change in CACS was significantly different between patients with ADMA values <0.51 and those with ADMA values >0.51 (p < 0.05). Elevated ADMA levels were also significantly associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline in the univariate analysis. Conclusions: ADMA is a novel risk factor for CAC progression in patients with CKD. Vascular endothelial cell dysfunction, represented by elevated ADMA levels, may contribute to the progression of vascular calcification in patients with pre-dialysis CKD.
Optical Coherence Tomography in Infectious Keratitis After Femtosecond Keratorefractive Surgery
Authors: Leccisotti Antonio , Fields Stefania V. , De Bartolo Giuseppe , Crudale Christian , Posarelli Matteo
Published: February 2025

Objectives: Anterior Segment Optical coherence tomography (AS–OCT) can help in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious keratitis, but it has not been studied in cases occurring after corneal refractive surgery procedures such as femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS–LASIK) and keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx). In these procedures, a surgical interface is created, where infections usually start, thus determining a different AS–OCT pattern compared to non–surgical infections, which begin on the corneal surface. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 22,756 eyes of 13,564 patients who underwent FS–LASIK and KLEx at our surgical center. Results: Four cases of post–refractive surgery infectious keratitis were included (two after FS–LASIK and two after KLEx), in which the AS–OCT identified an initial infiltrate in the interface, followed by interface inflammation. In one case, after FS–LASIK, interface fluid accumulation occurred. In one case, after KLEx, diffuse interface inflammation led to stromal reabsorption, later compensated by stromal reformation and epithelial hyperplasia, well documented by OCT. Conclusions: AS–OCT represents a useful tool for assessing corneal infections after refractive surgery, guiding the treatment, and evaluating the healing process and residual corneal scarring.
Submarine Slides and Their Influence on Gas Hydrate and Shallow Gas in the Pearl River Mouth Basin
Authors: Jin Jiapeng , Hu Jinzi , Li Lixia , Li Jie , Zhu Zhenyu , Wang Xiujuan , Zhou Jilin , Wang Wenlong
Published: February 2025

Submarine slides, gas hydrates, shallow gas, and volcanoes considered to be potential geohazards have been well delineated using three-dimensional (3D) seismic data and well log data in the Pearl River Mouth Basin, South China Sea. Seismic characteristics, distribution maps, and controlling factors of these geohazards have been well analyzed showing the influence of regional tectonics and sedimentary processes. Recently, shallow gas and gas hydrates are confirmed by drilling expeditions, which are considered important unconventional resources. Moreover, the mapped features of various geohazards show the spatial overlays and that they are connected each other. To delineate well the relationships between gas hydrates, shallow gas, and the potential geological features such as submarine slides, gas chimneys, faults, and volcanoes, the seismic attributes and interpretations are displayed using 3D seismic data to show the interplay between them. Gas hydrates and shallow gas occur and are widely distributed above sills, volcanoes, gas chimneys, and faults within the submarine slides and migrating canyon because large amount of hydrocarbon gas can migrate from the deep layer to the shallow layer along different pathways. This study aims to show the correlation among various geological bodies and their effects on shallow gas and gas hydrate distributions.
Assessing the Impacts of the Israeli–Palestinian Conflict on Global Sea Transportation: From the View of Mass Tanker Trajectories
Authors: Zhang Bing , Chen Xiaohui , Liu Haiyan , Ye Lin , Zhang Ran , Zhao Yunpeng
Published: February 2025

Sea transportation plays a vital role in global trade, and studying the impact of emergencies on global sea transportation is essential to ensure the stability of trade. At present, the conflict between Palestine and Israel has attracted extensive attention worldwide. However, there is a lack of specific research on the impact of conflict on shipping, particularly on global shipping costs. By using the global vessel trajectory data of tankers from the Automatic Identification System (AIS) and taking the global sea transportation of large tankers as an example, this paper quantifies and visualizes the changes in global sea transportation before and after conflicts from a data-driven perspective. Firstly, the complete vessel trajectory, as well as the port of departure and the port of destination are extracted. Then, from the perspective of shipping cost and vessel traffic flow, we evaluate the vessel traffic flow changes caused by the conflict by using the route distance to replace the shipping costs and quantify the cost increase for the relevant countries caused by the vessel detour based on the shipping cost increment index. The research results show that after the outbreak of the conflict, the number of vessels passing through the Red Sea area has decreased significantly. About 3.1% of global vessels were affected, with global sea transportation costs of large tankers increasing by about 0.0825%. This study takes the Israeli–Palestinian conflict as an example and analyzes the impact of emergencies on the global sea transportation situation of tankers based on AIS data. The research results reveal the characteristics of international shipping to a certain extent and provide guidance for global sea transportation route planning.
Analysis of Gene Regulatory Network and Transcription Factors in Different Tissues of the Stropharia rugosoannulata Fruiting Body
Authors: Lu Jia , Yan Jing , Lu Na , Song Jiling , Lin Jiayao , Zhou Xiaohua , Ying Xuebing , Li Zhen , Zhou Zufa , Yao Fangjie
Published: February 2025

Stropharia rugosoannulata is a mushroom that is rich in nutrients and has a pleasant flavor. Its cultivation area is expanding rapidly due to its simplicity and diversity. However, the developmental mechanism of the fruiting body, which constitutes the edible portion of S. rugosoannulata, remains to be elucidated. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a comprehensive study. Our approach entailed the observation of sections through the fruiting body of S. rugosoannulata and the sequencing of the transcriptomes of various fruiting body tissues. The results demonstrated significant variations in the structure of the pileipellis, pileus, gill, veil, stipe, and trama of S. rugosoannulata. The predominant metabolic pathways included the amino acid metabolism of the pileus, sugar metabolism of the stipe, tryptophan metabolism, and wax production of the pileipellis, the DNA pathway of the gill, amino sugar metabolism of the veil, and the nitrogen metabolism of the trama. The promoter cis-element analysis revealed the roles of light response, methyl jasmonate, oxygen, and temperature on the differentiation of the veil, trama, and pileipellis, respectively. In summary, the present findings offer a molecular mechanism for the development of the fruiting body and provide directions for the enhancement of cultivation techniques of S. rugosoannulata.
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Analysis of Telehealth Effectiveness in Youth Mental Health Services: Insights from SAMHSA Data
Authors: Mansoor Masab , Ansari Kashif
Published: February 2025

Background: The rapid adoption of telehealth services for youth mental health care necessitates a comprehensive evaluation of its effectiveness. This study aimed to analyze the impact of telehealth on youth mental health outcomes using artificial intelligence techniques applied to large-scale public health data. Methods: We conducted an AI-driven analysis of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) and other SAMHSA datasets. Machine learning techniques, including random forest models, K-means clustering, and time series analysis, were employed to evaluate telehealth adoption patterns, predictors of effectiveness, and comparative outcomes with traditional in-person care. Natural language processing was used to analyze sentiment in user feedback. Results: Telehealth adoption among youth increased significantly, with usage rising from 2.3 sessions per year in 2019 to 8.7 in 2022. Telehealth showed comparable effectiveness to in-person care for depressive disorders and superior effectiveness for anxiety disorders. Session frequency, age, and prior diagnosis were identified as key predictors of telehealth effectiveness. Four distinct user clusters were identified, with socioeconomic status and home environment strongly associated with positive outcomes. States with favorable reimbursement policies saw a 15% greater increase in youth telehealth utilization and 7% greater improvement in mental health outcomes. Conclusions: Telehealth demonstrates significant potential in improving access to and effectiveness of mental health services for youth. However, addressing technological barriers and socioeconomic disparities is crucial to maximize its benefits.
A Decision Framework for Supplier Selection in Digital Supply Chains of E-Commerce Platforms Using Interval-Valued Intuitionistic Fuzzy VIKOR Methodology
Authors: Baki Rahmi , Ecer Billur , Aktas Ahmet
Published: February 2025

Digital supply chains (DSCs) are value-driven and collaborative digital systems designed to generate business value for firms through various innovative technologies. Today, we are witnessing companies transitioning from traditional supply chain models to DSCs through digital technologies. The effective selection of digital suppliers during these digital transformation processes is a strategic research topic. Additionally, factors such as the proliferation of information and communication technologies, globalization, and the pandemic have contributed to the expansion of e-commerce platforms. In this rapid growth phase, identifying the right supplier is crucial for the success of e-commerce sites. This study aims to develop an innovative, integrated, and comprehensive decision-making methodology to assist e-commerce platforms in selecting appropriate suppliers for their DSCs. To achieve this, an extended fuzzy VlseKriterijuska Optimizacija I Komoromisno Resenje (VIKOR) method is tested, where criteria and alternative evaluations made by decision-makers (DMs) are characterized by interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IVIFNs). The proposed decision mechanism is tested on the DSS problem of an e-commerce platform specializing in household products. Findings of the application, which uses three experts’ opinion to evaluate four digital suppliers based on the seven criteria, are discussed to help e-commerce sites conduct the DSS process more effectively.
Reward in Cash or Coupon? Joint Optimization of Referral Reward and Pricing
Authors: Jiang Fenfen , Mei Shue , Zhong Weijun
Published: February 2025

The popularity of social media has provided great convenience for firms to conduct online referral marketing by using referral reward programs. We contribute to the existing works by examining the profitability of the two referral reward programs, namely reward in cash and reward in discount coupons, and measuring the instant product sales and the informative utility output from consumer referrals. We established two-period optimization models and found that referral reward programs are effective only if the unit referral cost of customers is low and if the repurchase rate of consumers is high enough. To redeem the reward instantly or not (in cash or discount coupon) interacts with the pricing strategy: the cash reward is fixed in combination with a high price followed by a low price strategy, and the coupon reward is fixed in combination with a low price followed by a high price strategy. With the increase in the unit referral cost, a firm will be more inclined to use the joint strategy of coupon reward and a low price followed by a high price strategy. Under the conditions that the referral reward program is ineffective, the pricing strategy with a high price followed by a low price is optimal.
Long-Lasting Bisexual Lures for Assessing Moth Biodiversity and Monitoring Alien Species in Zoos and Botanical Gardens: Case Study in Zoo of Debrecen (NE Hungary)
Authors: Szanyi Szabolcs , Kovács Csenge Lelle , Tóth Miklós , Lincz Ottó , Nagy Gergely Sándor , Varga Zoltán , Nagy Antal
Published: February 2025

Zoos and botanical gardens have a special role in the promotion, presentation and conservation of biodiversity in urbanised environments. Additionally, they provide special habitats for alien and invasive species. The formerly used methods of biodiversity assessments (e.g., light trapping, transect counts, etc.) are mostly labour-intensive and/or not efficient enough. In the Zoo of Debrecen, the efficacy and suitability of a synthetic (FLO) and a semisynthetic (SBL) lure for this purpose were proven. The qualitative and quantitative compositions of a moderately rich moth assemblage including 52 moth species were revealed, and the appearance and population dynamics of three invasive (Helicoverpa armigera, Autographa gamma and Cydalima pespectalis) and nine harmful pest species were also recorded. The results proved that the lures tested and traps used provide an easy-to-use, standardised and relatively cheap method for Zoos and botanical gardens to assess their biodiversity even in the case of limited resources.
A Multi-Source Strategy for Assessing Major Winter Crops Performance and Irrigation Water Requirements
Authors: Shah Shoukat Ali , Ai Songtao
Published: February 2025

Accurate regional crop classification, acreage estimation, yield prediction, and crop water requirement assessment are essential for effective agricultural planning and market forecasts. This study uses an integrated geospatial and statistical approach to assess major winter crops wheat and sugarcane cultivation in Ghotki District, Pakistan, from 2017/18 to 2022/23. It combines satellite data from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2, ground truthing, and crop reporting records to analyze key factors such as cultivation area, crop gradients, vegetation health, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)-based wheat and sugarcane yield models, crop water requirements, and total irrigation water consumption. Results showed that wheat cultivation areas ranged from 15% to 19%, with the highest coverage observed in the 2021/22 winter season. Sugarcane cultivation ranged from 6% to 10%, peaking in the 2018/19 season. A strong linear association between NDVI and wheat yield (R2 = 0.86) was observed. Wheat and sugarcane yield predictions utilized linear regression, and robust linear regression models, all of which were validated by the findings. Irrigation water demand for the winter season was calculated at 1887 million cubic meters (MCM) in 2017/18, with 1357 MCM supplied by the Sindh Irrigation Drainage Authority (SIDA). By 2020/21, water demand reached 2023 MCM, while SIDA’s supply was 1357 MCM. These results highlight the significance of integrating geospatial analysis with statistical records to provide timely, reliable estimates for cropped areas, yield forecasting, vegetation dynamics, and irrigation planning. The proposed methodology contributes a scaleable solution for informed decision-making in agricultural and water resource management, applicable across other districts in Pakistan and on a global scale.
Transabdominal Robotic-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy and CT-Guided Percutaneous Cryoablation for the Treatment of De Novo Kidney Tumors After Liver Transplantation
Authors: Balzano Emanuele , Bernardi Lorenzo , Candita Gianvito , Trizzino Arianna , Petagna Lorenzo , Bozzi Elena , Scalise Paola , Cristaudi Alessandra , Tincani Giovanni , Pezzati Daniele , Ghinolfi Davide , Crocetti Laura
Published: February 2025

The management of de novo kidney tumors (DKTs) after liver transplantation (LT) is challenging due to previous transplant surgery and calcineurin inhibitors (CNI)-related nephrotoxicity. Minimally invasive renal-sparing strategies like robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RPN) are favored, but a transperitoneal approach may be limited by the previous transplant surgery and the location of the DKT; in such cases, CT-guided cryoablation may be an alternative option. In this retrospective cohort study, we aimed to compare RPN and cryoablation for the treatment of DKT in LT recipients. The primary endpoints were the efficacy (R0 resection in RPN, absence of the tumor at first follow-up for cryoablation) and the safety of the procedures (postoperative morbidity and increase in creatine level). The periprocedural costs and the oncologic efficacy (recurrence and overall survival) were the secondary endpoints. Twelve LT recipients (91.7% males, mean age 65 years) underwent RPN (n = 6) or cryoablation (n = 6) for DKT; the median interval between LT and diagnosis of DKT was 142.5 vs. 117.5 months, respectively. Efficacy was obtained in all patients after RPN and cryoablation. Postoperative morbidity was 16.7% in each group, and the postoperative increase in creatinine values was similar. Hospital stay was shorter following cryoablation vs. RPN (3.1 vs. 6.7 days; p = 0.03). The mean procedural costs were higher for RPN. There was no mortality and none of the patients had signs of recurrence after a median follow-up of 40.5 months. Both RPN and CT-guided cryoablation were safe and effective for the treatment of selected patients with DKT after LT. When applicable, cryoablation may be cost-effective and provide faster recovery.
Electrochemotherapy for Colorectal Liver Metastasis: What Interventional Radiologists Need to Know
Authors: Posa Alessandro , Barbieri Pierluigi , Lippi Marcello , Maresca Alessandro , Andreani Edoardo Vincenzo , Iezzi Roberto
Published: February 2025

The global burden of liver metastases from different primary lesions is increasing, resulting in significant challenges for public health systems. Accordingly, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, with a high incidence of liver metastases. Although surgical resection is considered the standard curative treatment, it is only viable for a limited subset of patients. This review aims to describe a potential alternative nonsurgical intervention, such as electrochemotherapy (ECT), in the treatment of CRC oligometastatic liver disease. ECT has been largely used for the treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions, while its visceral use is currently a novel approach. ECT consists of the administration of intravenous anticancer drugs, followed by the application of intralesional electrode needles, which release localized electrical pulses to induce electroporation, a process that transiently increases cell membrane permeability, thereby facilitating the intracellular delivery of otherwise membrane-impermeable drugs. The main topics of this review focus on the technical and clinical applications, efficacy, safety, and possible complications of ECT for CRC liver metastases. A comparison with other locoregional treatments is also performed, highlighting possible advantages and disadvantages.
Anticancer Properties of Macroalgae: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Frazzini Sara , Rossi Luciana
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the exploration of bioactive molecules derived from natural sources has gained interest in several application fields. Among these, macroalgae have garnered significant attention due to their functional properties, which make them interesting in therapeutic applications, including cancer treatment. Cancer constitutes a significant global health burden, and the side effects of existing treatment modalities underscore the necessity for the exploration of novel therapeutic models that, in line with the goal of reducing drug treatments, take advantage of natural compounds. This review explores the anticancer properties of macroalgae, focusing on their bioactive compounds and mechanisms of action. The key findings suggest that macroalgae possess a rich array of bioactive compounds, including polysaccharides (e.g., fucoidans and alginates), polyphenols (e.g., phlorotannins), and terpenoids, which exhibit diverse anticancer activities, such as the inhibition of cell proliferation, angiogenesis, induction of apoptosis, and modulation of the immune system. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of macroalgae’s anticancer potential, highlighting the most promising compounds and their mechanisms of action. While preclinical studies have shown promising results, further research is necessary to translate these findings into effective clinical applications.
A Scoping Review on Cognition in Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Advances and Challenges
Authors: Tsiakiri Anna , Frigkas Konstantinos , Vlotinou Pinelopi , Papoutselis Menelaos , Christidi Foteini , Karavasilis Efstratios , Kotsianidis Ioannis , Kourkoutsakis Nikolaos , Vadikolias Konstantinos , Liapis Konstantinos
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic disorders characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and a risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Cognitive impairments, including deficits in memory, attention, and executive function, are frequently reported in MDS patients. These impairments are linked to systemic inflammation, neurotoxic treatment effects, and the psychological burden of chronic disease. This review synthesizes existing evidence on cognitive dysfunction in MDS, highlighting knowledge gaps and opportunities for future research. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines. MEDLINE and Scopus databases were searched for studies examining cognition in MDS patients, using terms like “myelodysplastic syndromes” and “cognition.” Inclusion criteria were original, English-language studies reporting cognitive outcomes in MDS. Reviews, animal studies, and abstracts were excluded. Data on study design, patient characteristics, cognitive tests, and outcomes were extracted and descriptively analyzed. Results: The review included 25 studies involving 2390 patients with hematologic malignancies, 493 of whom had MDS. Key findings identified cognitive deficits primarily in attention, executive function, and memory. Systemic inflammation and treatment-related neurotoxicity were significant contributors, with older age compounding these effects. Longitudinal studies demonstrated persistent cognitive challenges post-treatment, though the severity varied by patient demographics and therapeutic regimens. Conclusions: Cognitive impairments in MDS are multifactorial and significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Current research highlights the need for routine cognitive assessments and targeted interventions. Future studies should focus on longitudinal designs to explore specific cognitive domains and develop therapeutic strategies to mitigate cognitive decline.
Omics Analysis Revealing Flavonoid Content During Maize Grain Germination
Authors: Tian Xiaomin , Chen Lirong , Sun Linlin , Gong Kuijie , Liu Kaichang , Guo Yuqiu
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The germination process initiates an active process of secondary metabolism, which produces a series of secondary metabolites, including flavonoids. Methods: A metabolomics and transcriptomics analysis was conducted on maize grains germinated at three different stages. Results: A total of 374 metabolites were detected in maize grains. From the raw maize grain to various stages of germination, 3 anthocyanins, 61 flavones, 12 flavonols, 13 flavanones, and 6 isoflavones were identified, respectively. An integrated omics analysis discovered that a total of 16 flavonoid metabolites were mapped to 4 KEGG pathways, which were associated with 40 related genes. This indicates that germination has significant benefits in improving the nutritional function of corn kernels. Conclusions: In summary, the findings of this study provide valuable insights into flavonoid metabolites and related genes, demonstrating the profound impact of germination treatment on the nutritional and functional aspects of maize grains.
Synthetic PMU Data Generator for Smart Grids Analytics
Authors: Grasso Toro Federico , Frigo Guglielmo
Published: February 2025

The development and study of Smart Grid technologies rely heavily on high-fidelity data from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). However, the scarcity of real-world PMU data due to privacy, security, and variability issues poses significant challenges to researchers, developers, and related industries. To address these challenges, this article introduces the bases for a digital metrology framework, focusing on a newly designed and developed synthetic PMU data generator, that is both metrologically accurate and easy to adapt to various grid configurations for data generation from point-on-wave (PoW) data. This initial phase for a Smart Grid research framework aligns with Open Science principles, ensuring that the generated data are Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR). By embracing these principles, the generated synthetic data not only facilitate collaboration for Smart Grid research but also ensure their easy integration into existing Smart Grid simulation environments. Additionally, the proposed digital metrology framework for Smart Grid research will provide a robust platform for simulating real-world scenarios, such as grid stability, fault detection, and optimization. Through this open science approach, future digital metrology frameworks can support the acceleration of research and development, overcoming current limitations, e.g., lack of significant amounts of real-world scenarios by PMU data. This article also presents an initial case study for situational awareness and control systems, demonstrating the potential for future Smart Grid research framework and its direct real-world impact. All research outcomes are provided to highlight future opportunities for reusability and collaborations by a novel approach for research on sensor network metrology.
Editorial for the Special Issue on MEMS/NEMS Devices and Applications, 2nd Edition
Authors: Tsai Yao-Chuan , Huang Pin-Chun , Dai Ching-Liang
Published: February 2025

Microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMSs) are revolutionary technologies that merge mechanical and electronic components on microscopic and nanoscopic scales [...]
The Effect of an Early-Life Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPJZ-658 Intervention on Performance and Gut Microbiota in Suckling Piglets
Authors: Chen Zuopeng , Liu Ziqi , Chen Chen , Fu Yanjun , Wang Haiyang , Zhao Cuiqing , Zhang Jiali , Liu Liming
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to investigate the effects of early-life supplementation with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LPJZ-658 on the growth performance and gut microbiota of newborn piglets. Twelve one-day-old suckling piglets were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (C) was orally administered saline and the LPJZ-658 group (LP) was gavaged with 1.0 × 1010 cfu LPJZ-658. The supplementation was carried out once daily for 28 days. Fresh fecal samples were collected at 7 and 28 days, respectively. The microbiota composition (16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing) and its predicted functions (PICRUSt2) were analyzed. The body weight and average daily weight gain were significantly increased in the LP group. Statistically significant differences were observed in bacterial diversity and composition of the gut microbial community between the C and LP groups. The predominant bacterial phylum in the piglets changed from Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria at day 7 to Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetota at day 28 in both the C group and LP group. We found that LPJZ-658 supplementation suppressed a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroidota in suckling piglets at 28 days. At the genus level, LPJZ-658 reduced the relative abundance of pathogenic genera such as Clostridium sensu stricto 1, and increased the relative abundance of beneficial genera such as Ruminococcus, Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, Turicibacter, and UCG-002. KEGG metabolic pathway analysis showed that LPJZ-658 may improve amino acid metabolism by regulating the intestinal microbiota of suckling piglets. In summary, the early-life LPJZ-658 interventions significantly improve the growth performance of suckling piglets by the modulation of the gut microbiota.
Molecular and Structural Characterization of an Immunopurified Telomerase from Leishmania major and the Effect of Telomerase Inhibitors
Authors: Campelo Morillo Riward , Casique Liliana , Figarella Katherine , Ramírez José Luis
Published: February 2025

Leishmania major is the etiological agent of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in several countries in Asia and Northern Africa. The disease is considered a zoonotic infection where rodents are the reservoirs and phlebotomine sandflies are the vectors. Once inside the human body, the parasite multiplies inside the macrophages of infected patients, but the disease eventually cures spontaneously, leaving scars where the phlebotomine bites occurred. Given the importance of the replicative forms in the parasite’s cell cycle, here, we decided to study the enzyme telomerase, which has the critical role of replenishing the chromosomal telomeric ends during cell replication. To this aim, we first conducted partial purification using Sephacryl-300 HR gel filtration, which allowed us to determine that the telomerase activity eluted as a 600 KDa complex. Second, we characterized an immunopurified L. major telomerase, and to try to explain some of our findings, we performed modeling studies using Alfa fold 3, Pyre2, and Swiss Protein Model. Finally, considering the similarity between the catalytic site of Leishmania and Homo sapiens telomerase, we decided to test typical inhibitors of human telomerase on the purified enzyme and promastigote cell forms, confirming that MST-312 and TMPYP4 efficiently inhibited L. major activity and arrested cell growth in Leishmania promastigotes. Our findings confirm the importance of telomerase activity in L. major’s replicative forms and suggest the possibility of using drugs previously tested on human telomerase to treat CL.
Unlocking Salinity Stress Resilience in Turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) Plants Using Bacillus subtilis Z-12 and Bacillus aryabhattai Z-48
Authors: Khan Imran , Rehman Areeba , Akram Waheed , Anjum Tehmina , Yasin Nasim Ahmad , Aftab Zill-e-Huma , Munir Bareera , Khan Waheed Ullah , Li Guihua
Published: February 2025

Salinity stress poses a severe risk to food security and crop productivity. Stress reduction techniques are not necessarily sustainable or environmentally friendly. With the increasing adverse impact of salinity and area, it is necessary to restore and ameliorate salinity stress using environmentally friendly approaches. In this context, beneficial rhizospheric microbes may offer a sustainable approach to managing salinity stress. We used Bacillus subtilis strain Z-12 and B. aryabhattai strain Z-48 to improve the growth of turnip (Brassica rapa subsp. rapa) plants under salinity stress conditions and elucidated the beneficial impact of these bacterial strains on different physiological and biochemical aspects of plants. The application of both strains had a significant (p < 0.05) positive influence on analyzed parameters under salt stress. Here, B. aryabhattai strain Z-48 superiorly increased shoot length (33.2-, 25.8%), root length (38.6-, 31.5%), fresh biomass (23.9-, 17.8%), and dry biomass (38.60-, 48.6%) in normal and saline stress (200 mM NaCl) conditions, respectively. Physiological studies showed that antioxidant enzyme activities were significantly increased by B. subtilis Z-12 and B. aryabhattai Z-48 under salinity stress, with a few exceptions. Moreover, the inoculation of both strains effectively increased total chlorophyll, soluble sugar, phenolic, flavonoid, and glucosinolate contents under simulated salinity stress and normal conditions. Hence, these findings support the framework that inoculating turnip plants with these strains can enhance their tolerance against salinity stress.
Genome-Wide Identification of Alternative Splicing in Botrytis cinerea During Infection Stage of Solanum lycopersicum
Authors: Lu Ping , Wang Yun , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Jiaqi , Wang Dan , Shi Haojie
Published: February 2025

Alternative splicing plays a crucial role in enhancing the protein diversity of eukaryotic genomes. However, alternative splicing has not been extensively studied in Botrytis cinerea. In this study, we examined the distribution and regulation of alternative splicing in the filamentous plant pathogenic fungus B. cinerea through strand-specific RNA sequencing at various stages of infection of Solanum lycopersicum. During infection (pre-penetration and biotrophic stage), most spliceosome genes had upregulated expression levels, indicating that splicing is altered at this stage. A total of 3308 genes underwent alternative splicing in B. cinerea, resulting in 7466 alternative splicing events, most of which were stage-specific. Transcripts generated through alternative splicing typically exhibit lower expression levels, coding potential, and functional domains, which are more prevalent during the hyphal phase compared to the infestation phase. To conclude, our research offers an extensive analysis of the genome-wide alternative splicing in B. cinerea throughout the infection process, acting as a significant resource for further clarifying the pathogenic mechanisms associated with B. cinerea.
Antibiotic Resistance Profiles and Genomic Analysis of Endophytic Bacteria Isolates from Wild Edible Fungi in Yunnan
Authors: Yi Shuqiong , Wu Haiyan , Lin Yingting , Cha Xiaoyan , Shang Ying
Published: February 2025

The use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of antibiotic resistance, posing significant challenges in the prevention, control, and treatment of microbial diseases, while threatening public health, the environment, and food safety. In this study, the antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes of 56 endophytic bacteria isolates from three species of wild edible fungi in Yunnan were analyzed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and PCR amplification. The results revealed that all isolates were sensitive to ofloxacin, but resistance was observed against 17 other antibiotics. Specifically, 55, 53, and 51 isolates exhibited resistance to amoxicillin, penicillin, and vancomycin, respectively. Antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) detection indicated that the sulfonamide sul1 gene had the highest detection rate (53.57%). Excluding the ARG that was not detected, the lowest detection rates were the sulfonamide sul2 and sul3 genes, both at 1.79%. Among six tetracycline resistance genes, only tetK and tetM were detected. For β-lactam antibiotics, blaTEM, blaVIM, and blaSHV genes were present, while blaOXA was absent. In aminoglycoside resistance genes, aadB was not detected, while detection rates for aac(3′)-IIa, acrB, and aadA1 were 3.57%, 1.79%, and 37.5%, respectively. The chloramphenicol Cat gene was detected at a rate of 14.29%, whereas floR was absent. For polypeptide resistance, VanC was detected at 3.57%, with EmgrB not detected. All three quinolone genes were detected, with detection rates of 8.92% for GyrA, 39.29% for GyrB, and 37.5% for ParC. Through phylogenetic analysis, 12 isolates that are closely related to ten common foodborne pathogenic bacteria were further selected for whole-genome sequencing and assembly. Gene annotations revealed that each isolate contained more than 15 ARGs and over 30 virulence factors. Notably, the detection rate of antibiotic resistance phenotypes was higher than that of genotypes, highlighting the importance of studying phenotypic antibiotic resistance that lacks identifiable ARGs. This study enriches the research on endophytes in wild edible fungi and provides new data for microbial ecology and antibiotic resistance research. It also offers critical insights for monitoring microbial antibiotic resistance in wild edible fungi and potentially other food sources, contributing to more effective strategies for ecological protection, sustainable agricultural development, and public health security.
Microbial Transglutaminase—The Food Additive, a Potential Inducing Factor in Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Bauer Alicja , Rosiek Paulina , Bauer Tomasz
Published: February 2025

Microbial transglutaminase (mTG) is a bacterial survival factor, which is frequently used as a food additive. This results in the formation of immunogenic epitopes that may cause autoimmunity. Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a cholestatic, autoimmune liver disease characterized by the presence of characteristic autoantibodies. The aim of this work was to determine epitope similarity and cross-reactivity between mTG- and PBC-specific antigens and to investigate whether the microbial enzyme may be associated with the induction of autoimmunity due to epitope similarity and cross-reactivity. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against mTG were applied to nine different PBC-specific antigens using ELISA technique. They reacted significantly with four out of nine antigens. This reaction was most pronounced for gp210 and PML protein. We also performed in vitro studies on the impact of the mTG on the specific antigen–antibody binding using sera of PBC patients. We found four PBC-specific antigens that share homology with mTG sequences. We noticed inhibition of this specific binding by the mTG to the PDC M2, gp210, PML, and KLHL12 protein. Microbial mimics may be the major targets of cross-reactivity with human-specific antigens. Cross-reactivity may indicate a link between mTG and the development of autoimmune diseases.
Impact of Trophic Mode-Driven Chlorella Biomass on Vegan Food Emulsions: Exploring Structure and Functionality
Authors: Khemiri Sheyma , Santos Albano Joel , Raymundo Anabela
Published: February 2025

Aligning with sustainable green practices, this study examines the partial replacement of chickpea protein isolate with commercially available autotrophic Chlorella vulgaris (Auto-Chlorella) and heterotrophic Parachlorella kessleri (Hetero-Chlorella) to assess impacts on food emulsions’ properties and potential functional value. Rheology and texture analysis show that Chlorella biocompounds enhance emulsions by creating a synergistic network with chickpea proteins. The type of Chlorella used significantly influences emulsion characteristics due to differences in culture and processing conditions. Hetero-Chlorella contributed to more structured emulsions, revealed by higher values of the viscoelastic functions (G′, G″, and G0N), indicating a complex three-dimensional network (p < 0.05), while Auto-Chlorella excelled in augmenting dietary elements (p < 0.05), leading to emulsions rich in antioxidants and allowing for a ’rich in iron’ claim. Both types contribute to smaller oil droplet size, improved firmness, adhesiveness, and appealing coloration (p < 0.05). Preliminary findings on Vitamin B12 content suggest promising bioavailability potential. However, the nutritional density of Chlorella emphasizes the need for careful microbiological stability. Produced on a lab scale without preservatives, these emulsions highlight the need for preservation strategies in large-scale production. This research supports the potential for industrial microalgae-based mayonnaise, addressing consumer demand for innovation while prioritizing safety.
A Rare Case of Bickerstaff Encephalitis in Childhood: A Case Report
Authors: Giaccari Luca Gregorio , Mastria Donatella , Barbieri Rosella , De Maglio Rossella , Madaro Francesca , Paiano Gianfranco , Mascia Luciana , Pace Maria Caterina , Pulito Giuseppe , Sansone Pasquale
Published: February 2025

Background: Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a rare autoimmune disease and approximately 74 cases have been reported in the literature, mostly in childhood. Methods: We reported this case report according to the CARE guidelines. Results: A 13-year-old female presented with a 4-day history of persistent fever and hallucinations. She rapidly developed nystagmus associated with blurred vision with ataxic gait. She also developed altered mental status, blepharoptosis, diplopia and extrinsic ocular motility. An EEG showed asymmetric brain electrical activity with slow and spiky abnormalities in the left cerebral hemisphere. Lumbar puncture showed mild pleocytosis with lymphocytic predominance, elevated protein, with normal glucose. Anti-GM1 and anti-GM2 antibodies were positive. She was administered intravenous immunoglobulin therapy due to a suspicion of BBE, showing rapid improvement in mental status. Conclusions: BBE is a diagnosis of exclusion and should be considered especially in pediatric age.