bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dark Sky Parks: Public Policy that Turns off the Lights
Authors: Alva Amanda , Brown Eric , Evans Aaron , Morris Daniel , Dunning Kelly
Published: January 2023

A clear view of the night sky is rare, as over 80% of the world’s population cannot see the Milky Way Galaxy at night. Dark skies are culturally, ecologically, and economically valuable natural resources. Over the past twenty years, policies for stopping light pollution have increased around the world. This research asks how dark sky conservation is being enacted in the United States. Using the Multiple Streams Framework and qualitative data from over 300 policy documents, we characterize the problems, policy solutions, and politics around protecting night sky resources. We find that the problem with diminishing night skies is that of light pollution from urban development, especially in Western communities growing exponentially after the Covid-19 pandemic. To address the problem, the most important policy solution is the creation of Dark Sky Parks, a rigorous and scientific process articulated by a non-governmental organization known as the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA). The IDA’s technical ideas for creating Dark Sky Parks are transmitted to decision-makers at park and landscape scales, as well as to individual members of the public to create policy change. The political backdrop of dark sky conservation entails surprising bipartisan support from policy-makers from different political parties due to the economic potential of astrotourism. Our findings are important for understanding how one country is protecting its night skies, as there are many possible pathways to conserving this natural resource. Our work has general applications for the role of NGOs in creating science policy, engaging the public, and enacting policy change.
Effects of inorganic arsenic on type 2 diabetes mellitus in vivo: The roles and mechanisms of miRNAs
Authors: Sira Jackson , Zhang Xiaodan , Gao Lin , Wabo Therese Martin Cheteu , Li Jinyu , Akiti Caselia , Sun Dianjun , Zhang Wei
Published: January 2023

Accumulating studies have shown that chronic exposure to iAs correlates with an increased incidence of diabetes. In recent years, miRNA dysfunction has emerged both as a response to iAs exposure and independently as candidate drivers of metabolic phenotypes such as T2DM. However, few miRNAs have been profiled during the progression of diabetes after iAs exposure in vivo. In the present study, high iAs (10 mg/L NaAsO2) exposure mice models of C57BKS/Leprdb (db/db) and C57BLKS/J (WT) were established through the drinking water, the exposure duration was 14 weeks. The results showed that high iAs exposure induced no significant changes in FBG levels in either db/db or WT mice. FBI levels, C-peptide content and HOMA-IR levels were significantly increased, and glycogen levels in the livers were significantly lower in arsenic-exposed db/db mice. HOMA-β% was decreased significantly in WT mice exposed to high iAs. In addition, more different metabolites were found in the arsenic-exposed group than the control group in db/db mice, mainly involved in the lipid metabolism pathway. Highly expressed glucose, insulin, and lipid metabolism-related miRNAs were selected, including miR-29a-3p, miR-143-3p, miR-181a-3p, miR-122-3p, miR-22-3p and miR-16-3p. And a series of target genes were chosen for analysis, such as ptp1b, irs1, irs2, sirt1, g6pase, and pepck. The results showed that, the axles of miR-181a-3p-irs2, miR-181a-3p-sirt1, miR-22-3p-sirt1, and miR-122-3p-ptp1b in db/db mice, and miR-22-3p-sirt1, miR-16-3p-glut4 in WT mice could be considered as promising targets to explore the mechanisms and therapeutic aspects of T2DM after exposure to high iAs.
Machine Learning Algorithm Using Classification and Regression Trees, Linear Gaussian Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machines, Cart and K-nearest Neighbors to Aid Cancer Research Firms in Data Grouping and Better Analysis
Authors: Ndungi Rebeccah
Published: January 2023

World Health Organization publications disclose that breast cancer is one of the most common diseases amongst the women, and that it has a high death rate. Its prevalence is growing in developing nations, where the vast majority of cases are discovered late in the disease's development. Preventing this malignancy may be accomplished with safeguards and frequent examinations. Aside from that, early detection of the illness may be beneficial in terms of battling the condition. This deep learning algorithm is a strong approach for identifying features about the breast mass that are often not visible to the human eye through deep learning analysis of the mammogram. The algorithm will then be evaluated through various metrics to validate on its accuracy. Deep learning is a technology that will be used in this project. The algorithm intends to help cancer firm research centres in Kenya and globally in quicker grouping, identification and aid doctors in quicker diagnosis and research.
Occupancy Models with Autocorrelated Detection Heterogeneity
Authors: Hepler Staci , Yang Biqing
Published: January 2023

Occupancy models are commonly used in statistical ecology to model binary detection/non-detection data. These hierarchical models make a distinction between detection/non-detection and presence/absence by treating true occupancy as a latent process. In this paper, we propose a multi-species, multi-season occupancy model to jointly model detection/non-detection data on multiple species. Existing literature has shown that models which account for various sources of dependence in the latent occupancy process improve estimation, especially in the single-survey setting. However, the detection process in the model has not received much attention, even though detectability of a species is expected to relate to the detectability of other species and to detectability in previous time periods. In this work, we propose a model to capture this phenomenon by incorporating a multivariate temporal random effect in the detection process. We perform a simulation study to show that the proposed model yields more accurate estimates of regression effects and probabilities as compared to models that only use covariates to quantify detection. We apply our model to detection/non-detection data on three species – Thomson’s gazelle, zebra, and wildebeest – in Serengeti National Park of Tanzania, Africa.
Interest in PrEP and Impact of a Brief Educational Intervention Among Attendees of General Obstetrics & Gynecology Clinics in New Orleans, Louisiana
Authors: Naresh Amber
Published: January 2023

Introduction: We sought to determine if an educational intervention about HIV risk alters HIV risk self-perception and interest in Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in Obstetrics & Gynecology clinics.
Methods: Demographic information, risk behaviors, HIV knowledge and risk self-assessment were collected via a self-administered survey. Participants viewed a written educational intervention and completed a post-intervention survey. HIV risk self-perception and interest in PrEP were compared before and after the intervention.
Results: 170 participants were included. 85 of participants (50.0%) were interested in PrEP at baseline. Pre-intervention HIV risk self-perception was associated with interest in PrEP (p=0.01). After administration of the educational intervention, knowledge of risk factors and the number of those who perceived themselves to be at risk of HIV increased (p<0.01), but the intervention did not significantly alter interest in PrEP.
Conclusions: Interest in PrEP was associated with HIV risk self-perception and a written educational intervention increased knowledge of HIV risk factors.
Evaluation of immunity enhancing potential of Ocimum sanctum L. (TulsiOdaat™) on mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, network pharmacology and insilico studies
Authors: Tamoli Sanjay , Chandra Naveen , U Vishwanatha , Khatau Kiran
Published: January 2023

Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn), commonly known as Holy Basil, has traditionally been used as a remedy for common infections of the respiratory tract, and as an immunity booster. The herb has potential anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral effects. The present study evaluated the cytotoxic and phagocytic activity of a standardized extract of Ocimum sanctum (TulsiOdaat™) in mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 cell lines. Phagocytic activity was evaluated by observing the amount of engulfed zymosans isolated from yeasts at 405 nm. The study demonstrated that TulsiOdaat™ significantly enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophages compared to the vehicle-treated/control group at a non-toxic concentration of 3 µg/mL. The observations made in the present study confirm that TulsiOdaat™ stimulates macrophages and enhances their phagocytic activity and therefore, may have potential enhancing effects on innate immunity. Moreover, the elected target proteins showED strong correlation to each other including such as CASP3 and MAPK. Interestingly, insilico docking of ursolic acid have strong binding affinity to CASP3 and MAPK as well as SARS-CoV-2 proteins. The in-vitro and in-silico studies revealed that bioactive compounds of Ocimum sanctum may augment the immune response against foreign antigens or disease-causing pathogens.
Seamguard Buttressing of the Staple Line During Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy Appears to Decrease the Incidence of Postoperative Bleeding, Leaks, and Re-operations. A Meta-Analysis of Non-Randomized Comparative Studies
Authors: Diab Abdul-Rahman Fadi , Alfieri Sarah , Doyle William , Koussayer Bilal , Docimo Salvatore , Sujka Joseph Adam , DuCoin Christopher Garnet
Published: January 2023

Leaks and bleeding are major acute postoperative complications following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Various staple line reinforcement (SLR) methods have been invented such as oversewing, omentopexy/gastropexy, gluing, and buttressing. However, many surgeons don’t use any type of reinforcement. On the other hand, surgeons who use a reinforcement method are often confused of what kind of reinforcement they should use. No robust and high-quality data supports the use of one reinforcement over the other, or even supports the use of reinforcement over no reinforcement. Therefore, SLR is a controversial topic that is worth our focus. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of LSG with versus without Seamguard buttressing of the staple line during LSG.
Association Between Factors Likely to Have an Influence on Foreign Direct Investment: The Case of Jordan
Authors: Tahat Ibrahim
Published: January 2023

Objective: The research objective is to discover associations between factors likely to have an influence on multinational corporations’ foreign direct investment in Jordan. The scope of the research and its objectives are driven by, first and foremost, the fact that there is increasing interest in MNCs’ investments in the MENA region and particularly in Jordan, and second there is a lack of academic research jointly examining the factors behind locational decisions. Research Design & Methods: This study has adopted quantitative methods (non-experimental) because we are able to measure the relationship between the set of variables and set of score. The study designed based on of international business literatures that includes economic, legal, social political factors. Questionnaire survey used to collect that data from sample of 50 companies in operate in Jordan and either owned by foreign inventors or are subsidiary of multinational companies. Findings: the study results indicate mixed views among MNCs because of the current situation and our research results demonstrate that MNCs’ location decision is immensely influenced by economic and political factors, and less by both legal and cultural factors. This indicates there is a similarity with other neighboring countries and significant difference from developed economies western countries. In addition, research finding also indicates that some MNCs mitigating their risk exposure by shifting their investments to relatively more stable business environments, such as the Gulf region and Jordan compared with other Levant countries as confirmed by the FT 2014. Implications & Recommendations: The finding of this research indicate that policy maker in Jordan should concentrate on supporting the macroeconomic environment and maintain its political stability to continue attract FDI. Contribution & Value Added: The existing MNC theory did not jointly examine the factors influencing location decisions, given the scarcity of national publications in the field of international business in Jordan, this research aims at enriching the national literature in this field.
Use of Gardening Programs as an Intervention to Increase Children’s Ability to Delay Gratification
Authors: McFarland Amy , Sommerfeld Aime , Waliczek Tina Marie , Zajicek Jayne
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to examine the ability of preschool gardening programs to help children develop their ability to delay gratification. Children today face many opportunities for instant gratification, although the ability to delay gratification in early childhood has been linked to numerous benefits later in life. Opportunities to train children in the ability to delay gratification present educational challenges, in that it competes with other academic training needs, and it can be difficult to find programs that are interesting to young children. The population for this study was preschool children ranging in age from 2 to 6 years, with treatment and control groups drawn from different schools. Participants were tested individually and timed to determine their ability to delay gratification, with promises of larger rewards if the child could wait for 15 minutes. The results of this study did not identify a significant change in all children’s ability to delay gratification after a gardening program. However, analyses showed that females appear to have responded more positively to the gardening treatment in their ability to delay gratification, whereas males in the control group benefited more from traditional school lessons.
Role of Planting Date on Yield and Cannabinoid Content of Day-neutral and Photoperiod-sensitive Hemp in Georgia, USA
Authors: Coolong Timothy , Cassity-Duffey Kate , Joy Noelle
Published: January 2023

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) cultivars used for flower, fiber, or seed production are usually considered short-day plants and flower in response to photoperiod. However, some cultivars of hemp are day-neutral, where flower induction may be independent of daylength. Day-neutral cultivars of hemp were planted before recommended dates and studied in field experiments conducted in Watkinsville, GA, in Spring 2020 and 2021. Day-neutral cultivars (Pipeline and Maverick) and photoperiod-sensitive cultivars (Von and Whitehouse Cherry) were planted on 9 and 25 Apr and 11 and 28 May to determine the impact of planting date on hemp flower yield and quality. Planting date did not impact yield of the photoperiod-sensitive cultivars, but yields of day-neutral cultivars decreased as planting date progressed. Average yields of photoperiod-sensitive plants were greater than the day-neutral cultivars in both study years. Cannabinoid concentrations in flowers were affected by cultivar and study year but were not impacted by planting date. Cannabidiol was the most prevalent cannabinoid in flower tissue with concentrations ranging from 6.5% to 10.5%. Flower biomass yields suggest that the spring hemp planting season may be extended using day-neutral cultivars in the southeastern United States.
Formation of mixed-layer sulfide-hydroxide minerals from the Tochilinite-Valleriite group during experimental serpentinization of olivine
Authors: McCollom Thomas M. , Hoehler Tori , Fike David A. , Houghton Jennifer L. , Bell Aaron , Klein Frieder , Moskowitz Bruce , Solheid Peter
Published: January 2023

We report the formation of minerals from the tochilinite-valleriite group (TVG) during laboratory serpentinization experiments conducted at 300 and 328 °C. Minerals in the TVG are composed of a mixture of sulfide and hydroxide layers that can contain variable proportions of Fe, Mg, Cu, Ni, and other cations in both layers. Members of this group have been observed as accessory minerals in several serpentinites, and have also been observed in association with serpentine minerals in meteorites. To our knowledge, however, TVG minerals have not previously been identified as reaction products during laboratory simulation of serpentinization. The serpentinization experiments reacted olivine with artificial seawater containing 34S-labeled sulfate, with a small amount of solid FeS also added to the 300 °C experiment. In both experiments, the predominant reaction products were chrysotile serpentine, brucite, and magnetite. At 300 °C, these major products were accompanied by trace amounts of the Ni-bearing TVG member haapalaite, Ni,Fe-sulfide (likely pentlandite), and anhydrite. At 328 °C, valleriite occurs rather than haapalaite and the accompanying Ni,Fe-sulfide is proportionally more enriched in Ni. Reduction of sulfate by H2 produced during serpentinization evidently provided a source of reduced S that contributed to formation of the TVG minerals and Ni,Fe-sulfides. The results provide new constraints on the conditions that allow precipitation of tochilinite-valleriite group minerals in natural serpentinites.
Two discrete gold mineralization events recorded by hydrothermal xenotime and monazite, Xiaoqinling gold district, central China
Authors: Jian Wei , Mao Jingwen , Lehmann Bernd , Wu Shitou , Chen Lei , Song Shiwei , Xu Jiandong , Wang Peng , Liu Junchen
Published: January 2023

We present in situ LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating of xenotime and monazite in assemblages with native gold and Au (Ag) tellurides from the Xiaoqinling lode gold district in central China. Composite xenotime and monazite grains formed through coupled dissolution-reprecipitation reactions reveal two discrete gold mineralization events. The first gold mineralization event, recorded by monazite (158.6 ± 3.3 Ma, Tera-Wasserburg lower intercept age) and xenotime cores (157.11 ± 0.83 Ma, weighted mean 206Pb/238U age), is characterized by the mineral assemblage of lingbaoite (AgTe3)-sylvanite ([Au,Ag]2Te4)-stützite (Ag5–xTe3)/native tellurium-sylvanite-stützite. The second gold mineralization event, recorded in the rims of xenotime (135.46 ± 0.93 Ma, weighted mean 206Pb/238U age), is characterized by the mineral assemblage of native gold-calaverite (AuTe2)-petzite (AuAg3Te2)-tellurobismuthite (Bi2Te3). Our study implies that the large-scale Jurassic mineralization event in eastern China, related to flat subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate beneath the eastern China continent, also caused widespread gold mineralization in the Qinling-Dabie Orogen, in addition to production of its world-class porphyry Mo deposits. The fact that only a few Jurassic gold mineralization ages have been reported before, may be due to the lack of suitable geochronometers to record the earlier Jurassic hydrothermal processes, which have been overprinted by the better-recognized Early Cretaceous gold mineralization event. This study also presents a rare example of xenotime compositional alterations and resetting of U-Pb ages induced by low to moderate salinity carbono-aqueous fluids at low temperatures. The textural relationships between gold minerals in contact with such composite xenotime crystals demonstrate that they could have precipitated before, coeval with, or after the dated domains. Since low to moderate salinity carbono-aqueous fluids are commonly involved in the formation of lode gold deposits, it is crucial to examine xenotime textures and recognize potential alteration textures before carrying out isotopic dating of xenotime collected from these deposits. Without prior compositional and textural characterization, attempts to date such composite crystals could yield mixed dates and meaningless ages.
CURIES: Compendium of uranium Raman and infrared experimental spectra
Authors: Spano Tyler L. , Olds Travis A. , McDonnell Marshall , Smith Robert , Niedziela Jennifer L. , Miskowiec Andrew , Kapsimalis Roger , Shields Ashley E.
Published: January 2023

Identification of radioactive materials is a critical goal of resource exploration, basic actinide science, and nuclear forensics, and we provide here new insights toward rapid, nondestructive analysis of uranium-containing minerals and technogenic phases. Raman and infrared spectroscopic data are powerful indicators of solid-phase U(VI) coordination chemistry. In addition, U(VI) minerals exhibit high chemical and structural diversity as artifacts of geochemical processes leading to ore formation. Spectral signals of axial UO22+ (U-Oyl) bond lengths and the influences of additional oxyanions on these values are well documented for uranium oxide and oxysalt minerals and technogenic phases. Additional insight regarding the underlying crystallographic structure and chemical composition of uranium materials can be extracted through a survey of all available Raman spectroscopic data for these phases. To this end, we have developed the Compendium of Uranium Raman and Infrared Experimental Spectra (CURIES). CURIES was compiled via a thorough review of literature and databases, and for mineral species that lack measured and recorded spectra, data were obtained either from museum and academic collections or by direct syntheses. Characteristic Raman spectroscopic features for subgroups of uranyl minerals within CURIES were elucidated using multivariate statistical analyses. In addition, average spectra for groups of uranyl minerals were determined, providing insight into common spectroscopic characteristics that are indicative of the structural origins from which they arise. As of publication, 275 mineral species and technogenic phases have been entered in CURIES, and of these, 83 phases have published spectra that have been included in the CURIES database. Data collection is ongoing, and we have triaged missing data sets to assess CURIES for completion and to identify mineral groups that lack representation and should therefore be prioritized for data acquisition and inclusion in the database.
JURISPRUDENTIALASPECTS OF PERSON & ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE -A WAY-FORWARD TO SUSTAINABLE PEACE AND DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kanipakam Sunitha
Published: January 2023

Artificial Intellects or robots are becoming all-pervasive in the present modern society. Artificially Intelligence Technology hasbrought incredible change in the day to day lives of people around world. Large number of populations are familiar with AI technology like chat-bots and usage of virtual personal assistants like Apples Siri, Amazons Alexa ok, Google and Microsofts Cortana. Where the whole world is relying on this AI technology in this context the present paper explores the impact of AI on Education, Amicable Conflict resolution,Economic stability, health sector,industry, Human rights protection, Fair and Speedy Justice â€“ access to justice system. Recognition and protection of Human Rights are major elements for maintaining sustainable peace and development (UNSDG) of the society. Artificial Intelligence (AI) has huge impact on the improvement of health care systems apart from economic status of individuals, inequality in the communities as well as states and help to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Indias policy think tank, the NITI Aayog paper on National Strategy on Artificial Intelligence is focused on leveraging AI for inclusive growth in line with the Government policy of SabkaSaathSabka Vikas.
AN ANALYSIS OF RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH LIVER ABSCESS
Authors: Ahmed Chowdhary Shahnawaz , Sharma Sreejan , Mushtaq Azher , Chowdhary Nahida
Published: January 2023

Introduction:Liver abscess is a common clinical entity and a significant health concern frequently encountered in the daily emergency admissions in Indian hospitals. Despite the introduction of minimally invasive techniques in its management, liver abscesses still contribute to the significant morbidity in the affected patients. We performed this study to analyze the role of various risk factors contributing to the development of liver abscess in the present world. Materials and Methods: The study was a hospital based descriptive, Cohort study performed in Government Medical College Jammu. All patients with ultrasonography or Computed tomography documented liver abscess presenting to the out patient department of Govt. Medical College Jammu were included in the study. The patients were admitted and were evaluated for the presence of various risk factors related to the disease with a particular focus on Alcohol intake, Diabetes, Age, Intravenous drug abuse and smoking. Results Observations: In a total of 100 patients included in our study, 93 were males and 7 were females.75 out of 100 patients with liver abscess were alcoholic and all were males in our study. While 54 patients in our study were diabetic we noticed that about 29 patients had poorly controlled diabetes with HbA1c > 7 and 17 had HbA1c between 6-7. Only one patient had HbA1c <6 in our study but he was a chronic Alcoholic. 47 patients in our study were Alcoholic with diabetes and most of these patients had HbA1c values between 6-8. 61.7% of such patients had HbA1c between 7-8 while as 36.2% had values between 6-7. 6 patients in our study had history of IV drug abuse and all were alcoholic also. 9 patients in our study who presented with more toxic symptoms had viral hepatitis. Conclusion: we concluded that though diabetes with poorly controlled blood sugar is a significant risk factor for the development of liver abscess. The significant burden of the disease in the community is due to synergistic effect of alcoholism and diabetes in individuals. We suggest that all alcoholic patients with diabetes should have a strict regulation of their blood sugar done with 4 monthly HbA1c levels not allowed shoot beyond 6 U/dl.
A STUDY ON THE INVENTORY MANAGEMENT OF RAPID ANTIGEN KITS TO ENSURE CONTINUOUS SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT AT THE POINT OF COVID-19 SERVICE WITH EFFICIENT COST CONTROL AT TSMSIDC, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, MEDICAL AND FAMILY WELFARE, GOVERNMENT OF TELANGANA
Authors:   Managing Director, TSMSIDC, Hyderabad, Telangana., Chandrasekhar Reddy K. , Rambabu Naik V. ,   Special Officer, TSMSIDC, Hyderabad, Telangana.
Published: January 2023

One of the responsibilities of TSMSIDC, Govt. of Telangana is procuring drugs, diagnostics, reagents, and consumables, and supply them to various health facilities across the state. During the COVID-19 period, TSMSIDC has taken up the onus of procuring testing kits and COVID-19-specific medicines as well. The objective of the paper is to present the different inventory management and supply chain management strategies (deployed) by TSMSIDC to optimize the expenditure incurred towards purchasing of Rapid Antigen Testing Kits (RAT). This is also intended to present how TSMSIDC was able to save over Rs. 58 Crores during this period adopting different strategies to save the cost, while maintaining the quality and standards of the kits purchased.
Eski Uygurca Sitātapatrādhāraṇī’ye İlişkin Fragmanlar
Authors: UZUNKAYA Uğur
Published: January 2023

Eski Uygurca; dinî ve din dışı bir edebiyat temelinde gelişmiştir. Din dışı edebiyatı gündelik yaşama ilişkin sivil belgeler oluştururken, dinî edebiyatı esasen Budizm, Manihaizm ve Nasturi Hristiyanlık gibi muhitlere ilişkin yazınsal kaynakların tercümesi oluşturmaktadır. Dinî yazınsal kaynakların tercümesi söz konusu olduğunda, bunlar arasında da en büyük pay Budizm’e aittir. Esasen Budizm, Uygurlar arasında tek bir ekolüyle yer almaz. Kuzey Budizmi yahut bir diğer adıyla Mahāyāna ekolü başta olmak üzere Hindistan menşeli olsun olmasın birçok ekolün Budist Uygur edebiyatında izleri görülmektedir. Tibet Budizmi de Hoço Uygur Hanlığı’nın [850-1250] özellikle son döneminde yazınsal kaynaklarıyla varlığı tanıklanan ve Budist Uygur edebiyatında kendine yer edinen bir ekoldür. Esasen Vajrayāna veya Tantra Budizmi’ne dayanan ve Tibet’in yerel dini olan Bön ile de harmanlanmış Tibet Budizmi, bugün Tibet ve Moğolistan’da kendine inanır bulmuştur. Bu noktada bu yazının konusu da oluşturan Sitātapatrādhāraṇī bu gelenekte kaleme alınmış bir metindir. Bu yazıda Eski Uygurca Sitātapatrādhāraṇī’ya ait olduğu tespit edilen ve bugün Berlin Turfan Koleksiyonu’nda U 2250 (T I [544]), U 2251 (T I [545]) ve U 2252 (T I [546]) arşiv numaralarıyla korunan şimdiye kadar neşredilmemiş üç fragmanın filolojik neşri gerçekleştirilecektir.
David Lang’s Postminimalist Musical Theater
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State Academy of Music named after M. Glinka, Krom Anna E.
Published: January 2023

The article explores issues of the American musical theater of the nineteenth century, fruitfully developing on the basis of postminimalism. Among the brightest representatives of this style is the composer David Lang (1957), a member of the group “Bang on a Can”. His theatrical projects of the last two decades demonstrate a new phase in the development of postminimalist theater, the foundation of which was laid by his older contemporaries, Philip Glass, Steve Reich, and John Adams. Using the example of stage works — “The Difficulty of Crossing a Field” (2002), “Prisoner of the State” (2019), and “Anatomy Theater” (2016) — the author identifies the main features of Lang’s musical and theatrical style and traces a close relationship with the operas of his predecessors. They are brought closer by the appeal to postmodern dramaturgy (fragmentation, discreteness, commentarity), social problems, the desire for genre uniqueness of each performance, repetitive methods of organizing musical facture. In his theatrical work, Lang relies on postminimalism and repetitive technique, which manifests itself at different levels — dramatic, verbal (repetition of syllables, words, phrases in the libretto) and musical. A characteristic feature of Lang’s stage opuses is the synthesis of academic opera traditions and non-academic genres and directions (Musical, jazz, rap), which allows us to draw analogies with the art of crossovers. The Musical in some cases acts as the genre basis of the work (non-academic vocals, dances, a speech episodes). Lang’s theater is a chamber theater, it assumes a small composition of participants, placement of vocalists and orchestra members on the stage, laconic timing of plays. All these factors allow us to make an assumption about the formation in Lang’s musical and theatrical work of the next phase of the evolution of postminimalism, which can be characterized as postpostminimalism.
New Finds of Frescoes in St George’s Cathedral of the Yuriev Monastery and Teams of Painters in the Novgorod Land of the First Half of the 12th Century
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Etinhof Olga E.
Published: January 2023

The archaeological expedition led by Vl. V. Sedov discovered thousands of fragments of the original painting around 1130 in the St George Cathedral of the Yuriev Monastery in Novgorod during the 2013–2020. Recent finds of fragments of remarkable frescoes in the Yuriev Monastery, as well as in the Church of the Annunciation on the Hillfort from the beginning of the 12th century, significantly expand the traditional understanding of early art in Veliky Novgorod. These murals allow us to consider in a new way the problem of the work of painters’ teams, their migration and succession in the Novgorod land of the first half of the 12th century. Just as the architecture of St George’s Cathedral is the pinnacle of Novgorod architecture, so its frescoes demonstrate the unusually luxurious order of Prince Vsevolod and an outstanding artistic quality. A special team was to be called up for the decoration of the St George Cathedral. Its work continued the tradition of princely Novgorod churches of the first quarter of the 12th century. Probably, the team was called to Novgorod from Kiev, it could consist of artists from Constantinople or be mixed with Kiev painters. Five teams could work in the churches in the Novgorod land during the first half of the 12th century. Possibly they were called up from the workshops of the Monastery of the Caves in Kiev. The participation of Byzantine artists in those teams was not excluded. The style of the Novgorod murals is not homogeneous, and they were created by painters of several generations. There’s no information about the existence of a local Novgorod team of painters in the first half of the 12th century.
Comparison of bioethical views in the work of Peter Singer and in ethics of social consequences
Authors:   College of International Business ISM Slovakia in Prešov, Ambrozy Marián
Published: January 2023

The present paper compares the ethics of Peter Singer and the ethics of social consequences in bioethics. As part of the discussion on the ethics of social consequences, attention is mainly focused on the theory of its founder, Vasil Gluchman, and the works of his selected students. First, the selected bioethical views of Peter Singer are analyzed, and his ethics of preference utilitarianism are presented through the prism of his understanding of the person. In this sense, Singer’s view on the issues of abortion and infanticide is presented. Furthermore, the study deals with Singer’s views on the killing of animals and people regarding his criticism of speciesism and his prioritization of the preference criterion. Attention is also paid to Singer’s view on euthanasia. The study also presents the bioethical views of representatives of the ethics of social consequences, namely non-utilitarian consequentialism. It focuses on the question of to what extent genetics, according to Gluchman, determines morality and whether the protection of life is an absolute value for the ethics of social consequences. The paper also analyzes the abortion issue from the point of view of the ethics of social consequences. Selected bioethical attitudes of the ethics of social consequences proponents are also presented to compare the two concepts and determine the ontological fundaments on which Singer relies. Furthermore, the paper discusses Singer’s concept of the person, claiming that the ethics of social consequences argues for human dignity and positive social consequences for humans. Singer does not work with the concept of human dignity. In the paper, preference utilitarianism is not considered a hybrid ethical theory, unlike the ethics of social consequences. Preference utilitarianism and ethics of social consequences accept abortion and euthanasia in particular cases. The ethics of social consequences accepts them only if life contradicts human dignity, and preferential utilitarianism if it aligns with the person’s preferences or if it is not a person. Gluchman admits the solutions above as altruistic help to the suffering person. However, the ethics of social consequences does not consider the animal a person, nor does it condone infanticide, as does preference utilitarianism.
Towards the concept of freedom: The historiosophical aspect
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kamnev Vladimir M. , Pirogov Aleksei A. ,   Medical Technical College no. 2
Published: January 2023

The article explores the historiosophical aspect of the problem of progress in the consciousness of freedom. Hegel’s understanding of the perfect state is described. It is noted that, the philosophy of state and law is a system of morality, where the victory of the general over the particular is obligatory. The essence of the entire system is optimistic, no matter what disturbing contradictions they try to destroy this system. In this monarchy of the spirit, in an ideal state, as a system of freedom, the contradictions of civil society are overcome. The article also describes the experience of Marxism, in which the opposition of the genus and the individual is overcome by the purely mechanical destruction of one of the opposing sides, by the qualitative transformation of society, that is, a total social revolution, the victory over capital and the emergence of a new socialized humanity. The authors emphasize that the philosophy of politics stems not only from Hegelian philosophy, but also from theological thought. The authors conclude that history is the territory of an apocapyptic collision, as well as the eternal process of the fallen world. According to the authors, for a contemporary Russian person, the correlation with the Truth becomes not only a matter of freedom, but a choice between life and death, and, therefore, the territory of war, which takes place primarily in the heart. He perceives his involvement in the Truth not as following a civil religion, but as a mystical communion with Christ as a constant source of Truth and freedom.
Morality and law in a digital society
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Маrkov Вoris V. ,   Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2023

The traditional values of truth, justice, shame, conscience, responsibility, duty, forgiveness, and love in the process of civilization give way to functional and formal relations. A new impetus in this direction is given by digitized technologies that open up the possibility of making ethical and legal decisions not by people, but by machines. It is about formalizing morality and law, creating algorithms for making assessments and decisions that could be programmed and executed by artificial intelligence. Fears are caused by the fact that a person in the face of digital rights ceases to be a person, a subject, becomes an element of the law. But, given that the “human factor” often turns into corruption, we have to admit that the formal approach is more objective than emotional assessments based on sympathy. Therefore, in the Critique of Practical Reason, I.Kant contrasted the ethics of feeling with morality based on duty, which the thinker defined as the law of freedom. Obviously, the existing ethical and legal norms require a change or addition of new rules governing the behavior of people in situations that has not been encountered before. This problem arises in the context of the transition from an estate society to a civil one. As man became more and more tightly enmeshed in economic and social orders, he was already thinking according to the formula of nothing personal. The article discusses the problem of substantiation of rational and emotional prerequisites of ethics and law. Models of ethical and judicial decision-making are proposed, including an analysis of the specific application of formal norms and laws, taking into account moral values.
Theoretical basics of mediative-negotiation technologies of conflict resolution
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanova Elena N. , Petrova Nadezhda V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: January 2023

The actual issues of theoretical conceptualization of mediation and negotiation implementation experience in our country and abroad are discussed in the article. The authors note the controversial character both of the issue of necessary developing theoretical basis for these alternative methods of conflict and significance of theory for resolution of the problems related to their essence and specialists’ efforts integration in this sphere. They analyze the sources of disagreements on many issues in the sphere of different school mediators’ activities. They reveal the principal similarities and key differences between negotiation and mediation technologies, and their peculiarities. They also propose to use the complex notion of “mediativenegotiation technologies”. The authors reveal the essence of this notion and its understanding based on objectivity, valuelessness and mutual profitability of these technologies for conflicting parties. The article studies technological constituents uniting accomplishments of original components. These are such instruments as single informational field creation, differentiation of emotional and cognitive aspects, dividing people and problems, transition from positional bargaining to interest-based collaboration and others. The authors show advantages of integrative technologies compared with separate using of their components - negotiation between parties and negotiating with neutral mediator’s assistance. The article discovers the role of mediative-negotiation technologies and the sphere of their implementation including possibility of mediation practice wider spreading. The authors develop the concept of “builtin mediator” based on integrative technologies. They emphasize conflictology’s interdisciplinary character from which the necessity to use theoretical resources from different scopes of knowledge follows. The authors propose the number of criteria for theories’ classification based on these technologies and reveal the roles of different types of theories in mediators’ community problems resolving. The authors note the benefits of integrative mediation model as the essence of professional standard to be used in the process of specialists’ preparation in different spheres of conflict management. They provide examples of positive experience of this theoretical approach implementation and reveal its potential for mediative-negotiation technologies development and spreading.
Eastern question in political and geographical teaching of V.I.Lamanskii
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Malinov Alexey V.
Published: January 2023

The article deals with the views of the largest Russian Slavist Vladimir Ivanovich Lamansky (1833–1914) on the Eastern Question. Both his published works and manuscripts are used as sources. It is noted that Lamansky, on the base of the ideas of Slavophiles, formulated an original civilizational and political-geographical doctrine, which was developed in the concept of Eurasians. It is pointed out that the specific feature of Lamansky’s approach was a broad philosophical-historical and global-historical view at the Eastern Question. He showed that the significance of the Oriental Question was not limited to the rivalry with Turkey, liberation of the Southern Slavs, capture of Constantinople, and control over the Straits. According to Lamansky, the Eastern Question is an issue of civilizational rifts in Eastern Europe and Asia Minor that lead to the confrontation of two civilizational worlds: the Germanic-Romanic and the Greco-Slavic or the Middle World. The main boundaries of Greco-Slavic civilisation coincide with the borders of the Russian Empire, but the western boundary of this distinctive world remains unstable. Its definition constitutes the main content of the Eastern Question. The political configuration of the Greco-Slavic civilisation corresponds best to the idea of a unified Christian Empire, allowing for different forms of government on different territories. However, the Russian state, as the largest representative of the Middle World, realized a different type of empire - a Europeanizing state, which does not correspond to its global-historical task. The Eastern Question, therefore, was aquestion issue of mutual relations between the Germanic-Romanic and the Middle Worlds. Lamansky argued that its solution could not be purely military. A favourable resolution of the Eastern Question for the Middle World would be a consequence of its successful internal development.
Analysis of main influencing factors of energy dissipation and flow diversion effects of rough-strip energy dissipators in curved spillways based on Plackett–Burman design
Authors: Zhang Honghong , Mu Zhenwei , Fan Fan , Yao Li
Published: January 2023

Rough-strip energy dissipators (R-SEDs) at the bottom of spillway bends have energy dissipation and flow diversion effects on bend flow. In this paper, twelve Plackett-Burman tests were conducted. Energy dissipation rate and coefficient of variation of superelevation were used as evaluation indices. Influencing factors (i.e., relative height, height ratio, spacing, angle and thickness of R-SEDs as well as centerline radius, width, angle and bottom slope of the bend) of R-SEDs' energy dissipation and flow diversion effects were analyzed using Minitab 21.1 in combination with the entropy weight method and the TOPSIS method. Relative height of R-SED and bend angle were significant factors affecting energy dissipation effects; height ratio of R-SED and centerline radius of the bend were significant factors affecting flow diversion effects; the coefficient of variation of superelevation had a larger weight (0.549) than the energy dissipation rate (0.451), indicating that R-SEDs' flow diversion effects were larger than their energy dissipation effects; height ratio of R-SED, centerline radius of the bend and bend angle were significant factors affecting overall energy dissipation and flow diversion effects and selected as key factors for further steepest climbing tests and response surface design.
Modelling-based methodological approach to assess the effect of urbanization on hydrology and runoff water quality: a case of study for tropical and dry regions
Authors: Ferrans Pascual , Temprano Javier
Published: January 2023

It is necessary to have unified tools and methodologies for the correct understanding and quantification of urbanization effects on watershed hydrology. This study presents a modelling-based methodology developed on EPA SWMM to evaluate the effect of urbanization in conceptual watersheds using meteorological data from cities in Spain and Colombia. Results show that the effect of urbanization is significant in variables such as runoff volume, peak flow and pollutant loads, increasing these indicators in all cases. Furthermore, this effect has different dynamics for the regions evaluated. Overall, Colombian cities presented higher runoff volumes, peak flows and pollutant loads, while Spanish cities presented higher variability in these variables due to urbanization. The analysis allowed to cluster the cities within each country, using as criteria the modelled hydrological behaviour. A curve fitting procedure presented high performance rates for all the variables studied.
The Potential of Melatonin to Treat Atherosclerosis by Targeting Mitochondria
Authors: Sun Xuan , Chen Li , Gui Qing-Jun
Published: January 2023

As a circadian rhythm hormone, melatonin is widely present in the body and has rich physiological functions. Compared to its prominent circadian role, melatonin has been extensively studied in many fields as an ancient antioxidant. In addition to being considered a potent antioxi-dant, melatonin has also been found to play an important role in mitochondrial homeostasis. Mito-chondrial oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. Therefore, the possible therapeutic value of melatonin as an antioxidant targeting mitochondria in atherosclerosis is worth exploring. The most widespread clinical applications of melatonin are in circadian rhythms and sleep, but the cardiovascular system may be the most promising area.