bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometrics of rating scales for externalizing disorders in Japanese outpatients: The ADHD‐Rating Scale‐5 and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale
Authors: Ishibashi Saeko , Nishiyama Takeshi , Makino Takuya , Suzuki Futoshi , Shimada Shoko , Tomari Shinji , Imanari Eiji , Higashi Takuma , Fukumoto Shintaro , Kurata Sawa , Mizuno Yoshifumi , Morimoto Takeshi , Nakamichi Hidetaka , Iida Tomoko , Ohashi Kei , Yamada Atsurou , Kimura Takuma , Kuru Yukiko , Sumi Satoshi , Tanaka Yasuo , Ono Kazuya , Ichikawa Hironobu , DuPaul George J. , Kosaka Hirotaka
Published: February 2024

Objectives

This study validated the Japanese version of the Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder‐Rating Scale‐5 (ADHD‐RS‐5) and the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale. We extended the ADHD‐RS‐5 by adding the oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder subscales to compare the two rating scales psychometrically.

Methods

We examined the internal consistency, test‐retest reliability, construct validity and criterion validity of the two rating scales in 135 Japanese outpatients aged 6–18 years.

Results

The internal consistency and test‐retest reliability were good for all the subscales of the two rating scales except for the conduct disorder subscale of the ADHD‐RS‐5 extended. Good construct validity was revealed by expected correlational patterns between subscales from the two rating scales and the Children Behavior Checklist. The criterion validity was good for all the subscales of the two rating scales rated by parents, while teacher‐ratings revealed substantially lower predictive ability for all the subscales. Agreement between parent‐ and teacher‐ratings of the two rating scales was generally moderate and using predictive ratings alone of both ratings showed the best predictive ability among the integration methods examined.

Conclusion

The two rating scales have sound psychometric properties and will aid in screening and severity assessment of externalizing disorders in Japanese clinical settings.
Addressing the challenge of wildlife conservation in urban landscapes by increasing human tolerance for wildlife
Authors: Puri Mahi , Johannsen Kristina L. , Goode Kaitlin O. , Pienaar Elizabeth F.
Published: February 2024

Urbanization is a key driver of global environmental change and is adversely impacting wildlife populations. Human tolerance for wildlife is critical to wildlife conservation in urban areas.

Using metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, United States, as a case study, we investigated human tolerance for a range of different wildlife species. Almost half of the human–wildlife interactions that are reported to the state wildlife agency originate from metropolitan Atlanta, which is one of the fastest growing metropolises in the United States.

We surveyed a representative sample of 1006 residents of metropolitan Atlanta in 2022. We found heterogeneity in respondents' tolerance for various species, although most respondents were intolerant of bobcats, coyotes, opossums and snakes. Respondents' tolerance for different species largely depended on their attitudes and emotions towards species, and their basic beliefs pertaining to wildlife and the relationships between humans and wildlife. We found some evidence that tolerance also depended on people's prior interactions with wildlife, their beliefs that they can mitigate conflicts with wildlife and their demographic characteristics.

Our results suggest that communication that improves urban residents' attitudes towards wildlife and/or reinforces positive emotions towards wildlife may increase wildlife tolerance in urban areas.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Low‐velocity impact responses of polymethacrylimide foam–reinforced all‐composite Kagome honeycomb sandwich structures
Authors: Song Shijun , Yin Junhui , Liu Lei , Yang Zhaoshu , Han Chao , Xiong Chao
Published: February 2024

This article reports a carbon fiber–reinforced plastic Kagome composite honeycomb sandwich structure reinforced with polymethacrylimide (PMI) foam (PKCSS). Low‐velocity impact performances on the node, rib, and two cell centers of the PKCSS were experimentally compared with those on a composite Kagome honeycomb sandwich (CKHS), and the failure mechanism of the PKCSS was investigated. The impact process was analyzed through an explicit numerical analysis using ABAQUS. A three‐dimensional Hashin failure criterion was introduced using the VUMAT subroutine. Results confirmed that the PKCSS exhibits higher impact and specific loads than the CKHS, with the maximum improvements of 69.7% and 39.5%, respectively, under 50‐J impact energy. As an uncrushable material, the PMI foam provides strong impact resistance during its plateau stage. This technology of cell filling can be used to fabricate lightweight all‐composite honeycomb sandwiches for potential use in ultrahigh engineering applications.

Highlights

Cell filling is applied in an all‐composite Kagome honeycomb sandwich.

The LVI performances of the PKCSS and CKHS are experimentally compared.

C‐scanning is used to analyze the failure of the considered structures.

The PKCSS's numerical model is established to investigate the impact process.

The enhancement mechanism of the PMI foam is analyzed.
Graphene and its composites: A review of recent advances and applications in logistics transportation
Authors: Yan Jianwei , Yi Shangjie , Yuan Xiaoyu
Published: February 2024

The research boom regarding graphene and its composites since its great discovery has continued to mount. Due to its superior electrical and thermal conductivities, high mechanical strength and lightweight characteristics, it has become a hugely potential candidate in hydrogen storage, aerospace, high‐performance composite, sensors, new energy batteries, etc. Here we provide a review of the application of graphene composites and extend into the field of transportation packaging to explore the possibilities of their application. The preparation process, mechanical properties and research methods of graphene structure are introduced, and the practical application of graphene‐reinforced composites is listed. The application prospects of graphene composites in packaging and transportation are presented.
Photochromic Perovskite Nanocrystals for Ultraviolet Dosimetry
Authors: Chen Jie , Sun Ruifen , Zheng Jingcheng , Zhang Weiwei , Huang Yun , Shao Jiwei , Chi Yuwu
Published: February 2024

Excessive ultraviolet (UV) radiation has serious damage to human's health, therefore the development of visible, portable, and wearable sensor for monitoring UV radiation, especially the cumulative UV dosage, is highly desired but full of challenges. Herein, a wearable and flexible UV dosimeter based on photochromic perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) is designed. The obtained CsPbCl3 PNCs dispersed in dibromomethane (PNCs‐DBM) undergo continuous, vivid, and multiple (from very weak purple to blue, cyan, and finally strong green) color change in response to UV radiation. It is demonstrated that the UV‐induced degradation of DBM and subsequent anion‐exchange reaction between CsPbCl3 and Br−, play a crucial role in the color change of PNCs‐DBM. The properties of continuous fluorescence color change and enhanced fluorescence intensity enable the construction of sensitive and visible UV dosimeter. Furthermore, by integrated photochromic PNCs with flexible bracelet or PDMS substrate, a wearable UV sensor or a multi‐indicator array for the detection of solar UV dosage is developed. This work may advance the fundamental understanding about photochromic perovskite, and show promising application of perovskite nanomaterials in easily fabricated, low‐cost, visualized, and wearable solar UV dosimeter.
A survey on post‐quantum based approaches for edge computing security
Authors: Karakaya Aykut , Ulu Ahmet
Published: February 2024

With the development of technology and its integration with scientific realities, computer systems continue to evolve as infrastructure. One of the most important obstacles in front of quantum computers with high‐speed processing is that its existing systems cause security vulnerabilities. Therefore, in order to take advantage of quantum systems, existing systems that are already secure must also be secure in the post‐quantum scenario. One of these systems is edge computing. There are challenges in terms of computational power for the implementation of pre‐ and post‐quantum methods in structures with resource‐constrained devices. This article reviews the post‐quantum security threats of edge devices and systems and the secure methods developed for them. Although there is relatively little research in this field, it remains relevant. In the studies reviewed, lattice‐based approaches are often highlighted for making edge systems quantum‐resistant. Additionally, these studies indicate that there has been an increasing trend in this field in recent years.

This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Defense and National Security

Algorithms and Computational Methods > Networks and Security
Numerical and statistical analysis of unsteady hydromagnetic hybrid nanofluid flow in a porous medium over an inclined disk with dissipative heat transfer
Authors: Kar Ajay Kumar , Kumar Premful , Singh Ramayan , Nandkeolyar Raj
Published: February 2024

The present analysis deals with the three‐dimensional radiative, convective hybrid nanofluid flow over a rotating and stretching inclined disk under the action of the applied magnetic field, Joule's heating, and viscous dissipation effects. The mathematical model considers nanoparticles graphene oxide (GO) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS) suspended in water as the base fluid within a Darcy medium. The cylindrical coordinate system is used to express continuity, momentum, and energy partial differential equations, out of which momentum and energy partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations using a suitable transformation method under the boundary‐layer approximation. The transformed equations are further solved using the spectral quasi‐linearization method. Graphical and numerical data are presented to investigate the behavior of velocity and temperature under various parameters and shape factors. The nature of fluid flow at the boundary wall is determined by tables of skin friction and the Nusselt number. Statistical analysis of the parameters for axial and tangential skin friction and the Nusselt number is performed using the quadratic regression model.
The Unfolding Regulator–Regulatee Relationship
Authors: Le Coze Jean-Christophe
Published: February 2024

The regulator–regulatee relationship in the context of safety-critical systems is under constant evolution. It changes with epochs. Our current epoch is one faced with increasingly global challenges. It has not always been so, but increasingly is. In this introduction, the presentation of the chapters of this book is preceded by a historical perspective which situates the advent of many important regulatory innovations and trends (e.g., polycentric, smart, meta, or risk-based regulations). These innovations and trends are variously interpreted, from either practical, critical, or more neutral angles. This introduction explains the rationales of these different points of view. Next, an example of regulation of hazardous organisations in France is shortly described to illustrate the trends discussed. It provides a short empirical case study. The chapters of the book are then summarised, covering a diversity of related themes, from polycentric to responsive regulations, through an attention to social interactions to the game-changing reality of global warming.
Rule Design: Defining the Regulator–Regulatee Relationship
Authors: Coglianese Cary
Published: February 2024

Rules constitute a defining feature of the relationship between regulators and regulated entities. To succeed in fostering sound risk management for society, regulators need to choose carefully how they design their rules, taking into account both their own capacities and the capabilities of those that they regulate. This chapter describes a two-by-two framework for rule design based on means-end and micro-macro dimensions. By adopting and applying this framework, regulators can identify the relative advantages and disadvantages of different regulatory approaches and better inform decision-making about how to define the regulator–regulatee relationship.
The Healthcare Regulatory Ecosystem
Authors: Braithwaite Jeffrey
Published: February 2024

Healthcare is a complex adaptive system, with considerable fragmentation between healthcare institutions and medical specialisations. The regulation of safety in healthcare involves both formal (legislation, accreditation procedures, policies, procedures) and informal (professional standards, ethical principles, accepted modes of care) components. These instruments are complemented by self-regulation by clinicians and by patients who invest in understanding their ailments and selecting desired treatment modes. In recent years, the Safety-II approach is increasingly recognised as an important regulatory paradigm.
Recognising the Social Nature of Regulatory Compliance and Focusing on Front-Line Interactions
Authors: Pautz Michelle C.
Published: February 2024

In the swirling conversations about regulation and compliance, a fundamental aspect is often neglected: the fact that regulatory compliance is inherently a social process. Regulation requires individuals (and their organisations) to alter their behaviour and subject themselves to some sort of review or monitoring of that behaviour. Further, actions and involvement with one another are required by individuals on the front-lines of regulation, the regulators, and the regulatees, and not just the individuals at the highest levels of governments and organisations. This chapter will review how regulatory compliance is fundamentally a social process that is engaged in by key—but often overlooked—front-line actors, describe these interactions, and detail the implications for regulatory governance moving forward.
Hochwasser und Sturzfluten an Flüssen in Deutschland
Authors: Bronstert Axel , Apel Heiko , Bormann Helge , Bürger Gerd , Haberlandt Uwe , Hannappel Anke , Hattermann Fred F. , Heistermann Maik , Huang Shaochun , Iber Christian , Joneck Michael , Kolokotronis Vassilis , Kundzewicz Zbigniew W. , Menzel Lucas , Meon Günter , Merz Bruno , Meuser Andreas , Nied Manuela , Paton Eva Nora , Petrow Theresia , Rottler Erwin
Published: February 2024

Hochwasser in Flussgebieten werden in lokale und plötzliche Sturzfluten in kleinen Gebieten und in Hochwasser an größeren Flüssen unterschieden. Für verschiedene Hochwasserindikatoren und Flusseinzugsgebiete ergeben sich erhebliche Unterschiede, wobei sowohl überwiegend aus Regen als auch überwiegend aus Schmelzwasser gespeiste Hochwasserereignisse betrachtet werden. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit finden Hochwasserereignisse in den großen Flussgebieten von Rhein, Donau, Elbe, Weser und Ems in Deutschland sowie die Entwicklung von Sturzfluten infolge von Extremniederschlägen kurzer Dauer, wobei die Beobachtungen und Trends zu Modellierungsergebnissen in Beziehung gesetzt werden. Auch die Notwendigkeit von Anpassungsmaßnahmen wird diskutiert.
Städte im Klimawandel
Authors: Kuttler Wilhelm , Halbig Guido , Oßenbrügge Jürgen
Published: February 2024

Der globale Klimawandel stellt für Stadtregionen im Vergleich zu anderen Landnutzungsformen eine besondere Herausforderung dar. Städte sind wegen der hohen Bevölkerungs- und Infrastrukturdichte anfälliger gegenüber verschiedenen Klimafolgen; die Verschränkung mit den anderen Problemfeldern wie Verkehr, Wirtschaft und Gesundheit liegt auf der Hand. Die Aufrechterhaltung ihrer Funktionsfähigkeit ist unter sich verändernden Umweltbedingungen von grundlegender Bedeutung für die räumliche Organisation der Gesellschaft. Ausgehend von den Problemfeldern Hitze, Luftverschmutzung und Starkniederschläge stellt das Kapitel die besondere Verwundbarkeit von Städten dar und schildert, wie eine klimaangepasste Stadtentwicklung aussieht
Klimawandel als Risikoverstärker: Kipppunkte, Kettenreaktionen und komplexe Krisen
Authors: Scheffran Jürgen
Published: February 2024

Das Wechselspiel zwischen dem Klimasystem und der Gesellschaft ist noch wenig verstanden. Ereignisse breiten sich durch komplexe Wirkungsketten über verschiedene räumliche und zeitliche Skalen aus. Dabei wird der Klimawandel auch als „Risikoverstärker“ und „Bedrohungsmultiplikator“ bezeichnet. In diesem Kapitel werden einige der Aspekte beleuchtet, die über Verstärkereffekte, Kippelemente, Kettenreaktionen und Risikokaskaden verschiedene Faktoren und Prozesse in natürlichen und sozialen Systemen verbinden.
Beobachtung von Klima und Klimawandel in Mitteleuropa und Deutschland
Authors: Kaspar Frank , Mächel Hermann
Published: February 2024

Wetterdienste und andere Forschungseinrichtungen in Deutschland und seinen Nachbarländern beobachten seit dem 19. Jahrhundert, wie sich das Klima in Mitteleuropa verändert. Auf Basis der gesammelten Beobachtungen lassen sich Aussagen über die Klimaentwicklung in Deutschland treffen: Die Daten erlauben Beschreibungen der Atmosphäre vom täglichen Wetter bis zur Klimaentwicklung über mehrere Jahrzehnte. Darüber hinaus liefern die Langzeitbeobachtungen auch Datensätze, welche die Überprüfung von Klimamodellen ermöglichen. Das Kapitel stellt schwerpunktmäßig die Geschichte der Beobachtungen sowie die tatsächlich gemessene Veränderung verschiedener Klimavariablen für Deutschland dar. Außerdem werden Nutzbarkeit und Einschränkungen der Datensätze für die Evaluation der Klimamodelle bewertet.
Minderungsstrategien im Personen- und Güterverkehr
Authors: Flämig Heike , Gertz Carsten , Mühlhausen Thorsten
Published: February 2024

Die Verkehrssysteme haben einen wesentlichen Anteil am menschgemachten Klimawandel. Zugleich werden sie durch Extremwetterereignisse und Wetterphänomene selbst in ihrer Funktionsfähigkeit eingeschränkt. Es kann zu Engpässen bei der Versorgung kommen. Die bisherigen technischen und organisatorischen Maßnahmen zur Effizienzsteigerung konnten die absoluten induzierten negativen Klimaeffekte bislang nicht im notwendigen Umfang reduzieren. Daher bestehen große Erwartungen an Maßnahmen, die ein verkehrsreduzierendes Entscheidungsverhalten bei jedem Einzelnen und allen Organisationen und Unternehmen bedingen. Um dies zu beschleunigen, braucht es ein konsequentes Handeln zum Erreichen der Klimaschutzziele durch politisch-planerische Rahmensetzungen und ein vorausschauendes Agieren bei der Umsetzung von Anpassungsmaßnahmen.
Minderungsansätze in der Energie- und Kreislaufwirtschaft
Authors: Thrän Daniela , Edenhofer Ottmar , Pahle Michael , Schill Eva , Steubing Michael , Wilts Henning
Published: February 2024

Die schnelle und umfassende Emissionsminderung in der Energie- und Kreislaufwirtschaft ist der Schlüssel für die Begrenzung der Erderwärmung auf unter 2 °C. In Deutschland werden entsprechende Politiken seit den 1990er-Jahren verfolgt, allerdings erst in jüngster Vergangenheit mit dem notwendigen Nachdruck und der notwendigen Orientierung hin zu mehr Marktmechanismen. Wesentliche Handlungsfelder sind Energieeinsparung und erhöhte Energieeffizienz, Umstieg auf erneuerbare Energien, Bepreisung von Klimagasen sowie eine Reduzierung und Schließung der Stoffkreisläufe. In allen Handlungsfeldern sind Grundlagen geschaffen, es bleibt jedoch der Großteil des Weges noch zu gehen, um Klimaneutralität zu erreichen. Für einen schnellen Fortschritt spielen neben der Überwindung der technischen, ökonomischen und organisatorischen Herausforderungen auch Verteilungsfragen und die Einbettung in internationale Maßnahmen eine zunehmende Rolle.
The Legacy of Radical Exclusion in Cities
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago
Published: February 2024

The cities we live in today continue to be largely inaccessible, unaffordable, and restrictive, leading to the intentional and unintentional exclusion of marginalized groups. This is the result of decisions made by various entities that influence the design of cities and create a sense of either exclusion or belonging. The lack of accessibility in the built environment perpetuates inequity and marginalizes difference, such as the exclusion of people with disabilities in employment due to inaccessible workplaces. The notion of exclusion was entrenched by the “ugly laws” in the Progressive Era, where persons with disabilities were prevented from commodifying their disability and punished for begging in public. The laws also reinforced the eugenic logic of segregation through the institutionalization of disabled individuals. If we want to build inclusive and resilient cities, we must understand the historical context and beliefs that have shaped our urban landscapes. And we must address the ways in which beliefs and assumptions about personhood, citizenship, and rights have shaped and continue to shape our cities.
Constructing a New Approach to Radical Inclusion
Authors: Pineda Victor Santiago
Published: February 2024

​​Spatial justice is an approach to social justice that takes into account the organization and utilization of geographical space and its impact on human life and social relations. Geographical location plays a key role in producing spatial injustice and exacerbating disadvantages. The social is spatial and vice versa, which is critical to understanding the experiences of marginalized individuals and communities. Despite progress in legislation, planning practitioners have not fully realized the enabling power of physical space and dominant models of disability continue to remain unjust. The organization of space and urban planning are crucial to promoting spatial justice, as studies have shown that a person’s ZIP code is a stronger predictor of health than any other factor. Public-private initiatives have often failed to consider the spatial dimension of justice in their designs and have neglected to address the exclusion of people with disabilities. The current social contract ignores the spatiality of injustice and a new social contract centered on space must be developed to reframe the problems and solutions to equity, access, and inclusion in human settlements.
„Crack lung“ – atypische bilaterale Pneumonie
Authors: Plank Pia Maria , Hinze Christopher Alexander , Abu Isneineh René , Suhling Hendrik
Published: February 2024

Die Inhalation von weiter verarbeitetem Kokain, wie Crack oder Freebase, kann zu alveolären Hämorrhagien führen. Das klinische Bild wird als „crack lung syndrome“ bezeichnet. Schwere Verläufe sind durch Zeichen einer progredienten hypoxämischen Insuffizienz mit Ausbildung eines akuten Lungenversagens (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrom, ARDS) gekennzeichnet. In der Computertomographie des Thorax imponieren bipulmonale Konsolidierungen und Milchglasveränderungen mit oft subpleuralen Aussparungen. Unser Fallbericht eines 48-jährigen Patienten zeigt auf, dass neben dem Ausschluss infektiöser Ursachen die sorgfältige Anamnese zur Diagnosesicherung essenziell ist.
Clustered surface amino acid residues modulate the acid stability of GH10 xylanase in fungi
Authors: Xia Yanwei , Wang Wei , Wei Yaning , Guo Chuanxu , Song Sisi , Cai Siqi , Miao Youzhi
Published: February 2024

Acidic xylanases are widely used in industries such as biofuels, animal feeding, and fruit juice clarification due to their tolerance to acidic environments. However, the factors controlling their acid stability, especially in GH10 xylanases, are only partially understood. In this study, we identified a series of thermostable GH10 xylanases with optimal temperatures ranging from 70 to 90 °C, and among these, five enzymes (Xyn10C, Xyn10RE, Xyn10TC, Xyn10BS, and Xyn10PC) exhibited remarkable stability at pH 2.0. Our statistical analysis highlighted several factors contributing to the acid stability of GH10 xylanases, including electrostatic repulsion, π-π stacking, ionic bonds, hydrogen bonds, and Van der Waals interactions. Furthermore, through mutagenesis studies, we uncovered that acid stability is influenced by a complex interplay of amino acid residues. The key amino acid sites determining the acid stability of GH10 xylanases were thus elucidated, mainly concentrated in two surface regions behind the enzyme active center. Notably, the critical residues associated with acid stability markedly enhanced Xyn10RE’s thermostability by more than sixfold, indicating a potential acid-thermal interplay in GH10 xylanases. This study not only reported a series of valuable genes but also provided a range of modification targets for enhancing the acid stability of GH10 xylanases.

Key points

• Five acid stable and thermostable GH10 xylanases were reported.

• The key amino acid sites, mainly forming two enriched surface regions behind the enzyme active center, were identified responsible for acid stability of GH10 xylanases.

• The finding revealed interactive amino acid sites, offering a pathway for synergistic enhancement of both acid stability and thermostability in GH10 xylanase modifications.
Linsenverletzungen als Komplikation bei intravitrealer Medikamenteneingabe
Authors: Clemens Christoph R. , Alten Florian , Eter Nicole , Helbig Horst , Märker David A.
Published: February 2024

Hintergrund

Die intravitreale operative Medikamenteneingabe (IVOM) ist eine effiziente und risikoarme Applikationstechnik in der Behandlung unterschiedlicher Netzhauterkrankungen. Zu den seltenen schwerwiegenden Komplikationen zählen erhöhte Augeninnendrücke, Glaskörperblutungen, Netzhautrisse und -ablösungen sowie intraokulare Entzündungen und Endophthalmitiden. In der hier vorliegenden Fallserie berichten wir über iatrogene Linsenverletzungen.

Methoden

Es erfolgte eine multizentrische Datenerhebung von IVOM-Patienten mit sichtbaren iatrogenen Linsendefekten, retrospektiv über den Zeitraum 2016 bis 2023.

Ergebnisse

In 6 Fällen (69,3 Jahre ± 6,5) wurde ein Linsentrauma nach IVOM identifiziert. Während in 5 Fällen eine Anti-VEGF-Therapie vorausgegangen war, stellten wir in einem Fall eine Linsenverletzung nach Dexamethason-Implantation fest.

Schlussfolgerungen

Linsenverletzungen im Rahmen der IVOM sind eine seltene Komplikation und bei sachgemäßer Injektionstechnik vermeidbar. Kenntnisse über die individuelle Bulbusachsenlänge und den Linsenstatus tragen zusätzlich zur Vermeidung dieser Komplikation bei.
Experimental investigation of yaw-angle effects on drag reduction rate for trapezoidal riblets
Authors: Inasawa Ayumu , Taniguchi Ryo , Asai Masahito , Sasamori Monami , Kurita Mitsuru
Published: February 2024

Effects of the yaw angle on the drag reduction rate of riblets were investigated experimentally for trapezoidal riblets with ridge angle of $$30^\circ$$

30
∘

and height-to-spacing ratio of 0.5 in a turbulent wind channel at Reynolds numbers (based on the friction velocity and channel half depth) $$\textrm{Re}_\tau = 520 - 2100$$

Re
τ

=
520
-
2100

. Drag reduction rates were estimated carefully by comparing the streamwise pressure gradients between turbulent channel flows with and without riblets. The maximum drag reduction rate which was about 7% for the streamwise riblets was maintained without any attenuation for the yaw angle $$\phi$$
ϕ
below $$10^\circ$$

10
∘

. When $$\phi$$
ϕ
exceeded $$10^\circ$$

10
∘

, the drag reduction rate was attenuated steeply and the performance of riblets was almost lost at $$\phi = 15^\circ$$

ϕ
=

15
∘

. The yaw angle at which the drag turned to increase was by 10º smaller than the value reported for the saw-tooth riblets. The yaw angle effect on the riblet performance was further examined by detailed comparisons of mean velocity profiles and turbulent structures near the ribbed surfaces for $$\phi = 10^\circ$$

ϕ
=

10
∘

and $$15^\circ$$

15
∘

. Although no appreciable difference in the turbulent intensity and pre-multiplied spectrum of near-wall turbulence was found between these cases ($$\phi = 10^\circ$$

ϕ
=

10
∘

and $$15^\circ$$

15
∘

), the mean velocity profile for the case of $$\phi = 15^\circ$$

ϕ
=

15
∘

indicated an evidence of flow separation at the ridges of riblets, leading to the attenuation of drag-reduction rate due to increase in the pressure drag.
Outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy in the management and diagnosis of patients with infectious, non-infectious, and unidentified uveitis
Authors: Celiker Hande , Çam Furkan , Özkoçak Berru Yargı
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To present the outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in patients with infectious, non-infectious, and unidentified uveitis, focusing on visual and clinical outcomes, diagnostic yield, and surgery-related complications.

Methods

This retrospective, single-center study included patients who underwent 23-gauge PPV for the management of uveitis and had at least 6 months of follow-up. Patients were divided into infectious, non-infectious, and unidentified uveitis groups based on definitive diagnosis after surgery. Etiologies of uveitis, indications for surgery, diagnostic yield, visual outcomes, presence of cystoid macular edema (CME), immunosuppressive drugs, intraoperative and postoperative complications, and repeated vitrectomies were reviewed.

Results

This study included 62 eyes of 54 patients. Twenty eyes were diagnosed with infectious uveitis, 24 eyes with non-infectious uveitis, and 18 eyes with unidentified uveitis. The diagnostic yield of vitrectomy was 41.7%. Mean BCVA significantly improved at postoperative 1 month compared to baseline and remained stable at following time-points in all groups. The most common early postoperative complication was increased intraocular pressure (17%), and late complication was cataract (36%). Nine eyes underwent re-vitrectomy and the most common cause was retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR).

Conclusion

PPV seems to be effective in diagnosing cases of unknown origin, improving visual acuity, and reducing the need for systemic immunosuppressive drugs. PVR is the most serious complication with poor prognosis that requires repeated surgery in patients with uveitis.
Researchers' sex/gender identity influences how sex/gender question is investigated in neuroscience: an example from an OHBM meeting
Authors: Picó-Pérez Maria , Marco Elena Abalos , Thurston Lindsey T. , Ambrosi Valerie , Genon Sarah , Bryant Katherine L. , Martínez Ana Belén , Ciccia Lu , Kaiser Trujillo Anelis
Published: February 2024

Gender inequality and diversity in STEM is a challenging field of research. Although the relation between the sex/gender of the researcher and the scientific research practices has been previously examined, less interest has been demonstrated towards the relation between sex/gender of the researcher and the way sex/gender as a variable is explored. Here, we examine, from a neurofeminist perspective, both questions: whether sex/gender identity is related to the examination of sex/gender as a variable and whether different approaches towards examining sex/gender are being used in different topics of study within neuroscience. Using the database of submitted posters to the Organization of Human Brain Mapping 2022 annual conference, we identified abstracts examining a sex/gender-related research question. Among these target abstracts, we identified four analytical categories, varying in their degree of content-related complexity: (1) sex/gender as a covariate, (2) sex/gender as a binary variable for the study of sex/gender differences, (3) sex/gender with additional biological information, and (4) sex/gender with additional social information. Statistical comparisons between sex/gender of researcher and the target abstract showed that the proportion of abstracts from Non-binary or Other first authors compared to both Women and Men was lower for all submitted abstracts than for the target abstracts; that more researchers with sex/gender-identity other than man implemented analytical category of sex/gender with additional social information; and, for instance, that research involving cognitive, affective, and behavioural neuroscience more frequently fit into the sex/gender with additional social information-category. Word cloud analysis confirmed the validity of the four exploratorily identified analytical categories. We conclude by discussing how raising awareness about contemporary neurofeminist approaches, including perspectives from the global south, is critical to neuroscientific and societal progress.
Heterotopic ossification, osteolysis and implant failure following cervical total disc replacement with the M6-C™ artificial disc
Authors: Häckel Sonja , Gaff Jessica , Pabbruwe Moreica , Celenza Alana , Kern Michael , Taylor Paul , Miles Andrew , Cunningham Greg
Published: February 2024

Introduction

A recent study reported a 34% mid-term revision rate after M6-C™ cervical total disc replacement (CTDR) for wear-related osteolysis. Here, we aim to investigate the prevalence, risk factors, and radiographic characteristics of periprosthetic bony changes and implant failure of the M6-C™ artificial disc.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed radiographic (conventional X-ray, CT scan) and clinical outcomes (EQ-5D-5L, Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for neck and arm pain) data collected during routine follow-up of patients who underwent CTDR with the M6-C™ between 2011 and 2015.

Results

In total, 85 patients underwent CTDR with the M6-C™. Follow-up data were available for 43 patients (54% female, mean age 44 years) with 50 implants and a mean follow-up of 8.1 years (6.5–11 years). Implant failure with the presence of severe osteolysis was identified in 5 (12%) patients who were all male (p = 0.016) and implanted at the C5/6 level (p = 0.11). All failed implants required revision surgery. The overall prevalence of osteolysis was 44% (22/50 implants) and 34% (17/50 implants) for significant heterotopic ossification. Patients with high-grade osteolysis showed higher VAS arm pain (p = 0.05) and lower EQ-5D-VAS health VAS (p = 0.03).

Conclusion

We report a lower reoperation rate for failed M6-C™ implants than previously published, but confirmed that osteolysis and heterotopic ossification are common following CTDR with the M6-C™ and may be asymptomatic. Therefore, we strongly recommend ongoing clinical and radiographic monitoring after CTDR with the M6-C™, particularly for male patients implanted at the C5/6 level.
Ontology-based security modeling in ArchiMate
Authors: Oliveira Ítalo , Sales Tiago Prince , Almeida João Paulo A. , Baratella Riccardo , Fumagalli Mattia , Guizzardi Giancarlo
Published: February 2024

Enterprise Risk Management involves the process of identification, evaluation, treatment, and communication regarding risks throughout the enterprise. To support the tasks associated with this process, several frameworks and modeling languages have been proposed, such as theRisk and Security Overlay(RSO) of ArchiMate. An ontological investigation of this artifact would reveal its adequacy, capabilities, and limitations w.r.t. the domain of risk and security. Based on that, a language redesign can be proposed as a refinement. Such analysis and redesign have been executed for the risk elements of the RSO grounded in theCommon Ontology of Value and Risk. The next step along this line of research is to address the following research problems: What would be the outcome of an ontological analysis of security-related elements of the RSO? That is, can we identify other semantic deficiencies in the RSO through an ontological analysis? Once such an analysis is provided, can we redesign the security elements of the RSO accordingly, in order to produce an improved artifact? Here, with the aid of theReference Ontology for Security Engineering(ROSE) and the ontological theory of prevention behind it, we address the remaining gap by proceeding with anontological analysisof the security-related constructs of the RSO. The outcome of this assessment is an ontology-based redesign of the ArchiMate language regarding security modeling. In a nutshell, we report the following contributions: (1) an ontological analysis of the RSO that identifies six limitations concerning security modeling; (2) because of the key role of the notion of prevention in security modeling, the introduction of the ontological theory of prevention in ArchiMate; (3) a well-founded redesign of security elements of ArchiMate; and (4) ontology-based security modeling patterns that are logical consequences of our proposal of redesign due to its underlying ontology of security. As a form of evaluation, we show that our proposal can describe risk treatment options, according to ISO 31000. Finally, besides presenting multiple examples, we proceed with a real-world illustrative application taken from the cybersecurity domain.
Patient Re-Identification Based on Deep Metric Learning in Trunk Computed Tomography Images Acquired from Devices from Different Vendors
Authors: Ueda Yasuyuki , Ogawa Daiki , Ishida Takayuki
Published: February 2024

During radiologic interpretation, radiologists read patient identifiers from the metadata of medical images to recognize the patient being examined. However, it is challenging for radiologists to identify “incorrect” metadata and patient identification errors. We propose a method that uses a patient re-identification technique to link correct metadata to an image set of computed tomography images of a trunk with lost or wrongly assigned metadata. This method is based on a feature vector matching technique that uses a deep feature extractor to adapt to the cross-vendor domain contained in the scout computed tomography image dataset. To identify “incorrect” metadata, we calculated the highest similarity score between a follow-up image and a stored baseline image linked to the correct metadata. The re-identification performance tests whether the image with the highest similarity score belongs to the same patient, i.e., whether the metadata attached to the image are correct. The similarity scores between the follow-up and baseline images for the same “correct” patients were generally greater than those for “incorrect” patients. The proposed feature extractor was sufficiently robust to extract individual distinguishable features without additional training, even for unknown scout computed tomography images. Furthermore, the proposed augmentation technique further improved the re-identification performance of the subset for different vendors by incorporating changes in width magnification due to changes in patient table height during each examination. We believe that metadata checking using the proposed method would help detect the metadata with an “incorrect” patient identifier assigned due to unavoidable errors such as human error.
Mature oocyte dysmorphisms may be associated with progesterone levels, mitochondrial DNA content, and vitality in luteal granulosa cells
Authors: Raad Georges , Tanios Judy , Serdarogullari Munevver , Bazzi Marwa , Mourad Youmna , Azoury Joseph , Yarkiner Zalihe , Liperis Georgios , Fakih Fadi , Fakih Chadi
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To identify whether follicular environment parameters are associated with mature oocyte quality, embryological and clinical outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective study examined 303 mature oocytes from 51 infertile women undergoing ICSI cycles between May 2018 and June 2021. Exclusion criteria consisted of advanced maternal age (> 36 years old), premature ovarian failure, obesity in women, or use of frozen gametes. Luteal granulosa cells (LGCs) were analyzed for mitochondrial DNA/genomic (g) DNA ratio and vitality. The relationships between hormone levels in the follicular fluid and oocyte features were assessed. Quantitative morphometric measurements of mature oocytes were assessed, and the association of LGC parameters and oocyte features on live birth rate after single embryo transfer was examined.

Results

Results indicated an inverse correlation between the mtDNA/gDNA ratio of LGCs and the size of polar body I (PBI). A 4.0% decrease in PBI size was observed with each one-unit increase in the ratio (p = 0.04). Furthermore, a 1% increase in LGC vitality was linked to a 1.3% decrease in fragmented PBI (p = 0.03), and a 1 ng/mL increase in progesterone levels was associated with a 0.1% rise in oocytes with small inclusions (p = 0.015). Associations were drawn among LGC characteristics, perivitelline space (PVS) debris, cytoplasmic inclusions, PBI integrity, and progesterone levels. Certain dysmorphisms in mature oocytes were associated with embryo morphokinetics; however, live birth rates were not associated with follicular parameters and oocyte quality characteristics.

Conclusion

Follicular markers may be associated with mature oocyte quality features.
Motion-aware object tracking for aerial images with deep features and discriminative correlation filter
Authors: Delibaşoğlu İbrahim
Published: February 2024

Object tracking is a challenging task which is required for different problems such as surveillance, traffic analysis and human-computer interaction. The problem of tracking an object can be considered in different categories such as single object tracking, multiple object tracking, short-term tracking, long-term tracking, tracking by detection and detection-free tracking. This study focuses on detection-free tracking for ground targets on aerial images. The studies in the literature show that correlation filter and deep learning based object trackers perform well recently. This paper proposes a new correlation filter-based tracker containing a strategy for re-detection issue. We improve the performance of correlation filter-based tracker by adding a lightweight re-detection ability to the correlation filter tracker in case of a long occlusion or complete loss of target. We use deep features to train Discriminative Correlation Filter(DCF) by integrating sub-networks from pre-trained ResNet and SAND models. The experimental results on the popular UAV123L dataset show that the proposed method(MADCF) improves the performance of DCF tracker and have a reasonable performance for long-term tracking problem. Moreover, we prepare a new tracking dataset (PESMOD tracking) consisting of UAV images, and we evaluate the proposed method and state-of-the-art method in this dataset. We observed that the proposed method performs much better in ground target tracking from VIVID and PESMOD aerial datasets. The proposed MADCF tracker performs better for small targets tracked by UAVs compared to the deep learning-based trackers. The source code and prepared dataset are available at http://github.com/mribrahim/MADCF
Fixed-Time Pinning Synchronization of Intermittently Coupled Complex Network via Economical Controller
Authors: Wang Jian-An , Cai Ruirui , Zhang Junru , Zhang Jie , Li Mingjie , Zhao Zhicheng
Published: February 2024

In this paper, the fixed-time pinning synchronization problem of an intermittently coupled complex network is investigated. An intermittently coupled complex network with delay is presented for the first time. A new fixed-time stability lemma is developed, which is less conservative than the existing results. A more economical controller is designed under intermittent pinning control strategy. Sufficient conditions are developed to realize fixed-time synchronization. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the obtained results.
A Sparse Self-Attention Enhanced Model for Aspect-Level Sentiment Classification
Authors: Dhanith P. R. Joe , Surendiran B. , Rohith G. , Kanmani Sujithra R. , Devi K. Valli
Published: February 2024

Aspect based sentiment analysis (ABSA) manifests the well refined work as Aspect-level sentiment classification (ASC) due to recent high attention and profound outcomes. This paper reveals the exorbitant relation of concerned aspect in determining the sentiment polarity of a sentence in addition to their content. Considering an instance, “The food is tasty but restaurant is untidy”, aspect food reveals the polarity as positive, while in case of restaurant, the polarity seems negative. Hence to scout relation between an $$aspect$$

aspect

and $$context$$

context

words present in sentence is much vital. In spite of the exceptional progress, the ASC experiences certain pitfalls as (1) The current attention based methods makes the given aspect to falsely relate syntactically unrelated words as related ones. (2) Single context-independent representation is only achieved by traditional Word2Vec or GloVe based embedding vectors. (3) Sentiments for multiple words that are inconsecutive remain insufficient for CNN based models. A Sparse-Self-Attention-based Gated Recurrent Unit with Aspect Embedding (SSA-GRU-AE) implementing BERT for ASC is proposed to solve these issues. The proposed SSA-GRU-AE mechanism is centralized on various portions of sentence as multiple aspects are taken as input. The experimental analysis on ASC datasets has proved that proposed model enhanced performance on ASC.
Medicinal Polypharmacology in the Clinic – Translating the Polypharmacolome into Therapeutic Benefit
Authors: Rafehi Muhammad , Möller Marius , Ismail Al-Khalil Wouroud , Stefan Sven Marcel
Published: February 2024

Drugs with multiple targets, often annotated as ‘unselective’, ‘promiscuous’, ‘multitarget’, or ‘polypharmacological’, are widely considered in both academic and industrial research as a high risk due to the likelihood of adverse effects. However, retrospective analyses have shown that particularly approved drugs bear rich polypharmacological profiles. This raises the question whether our perception of the specificity paradigm (‘one drug-one target concept’) is correct – and if specifically multitarget drugs should be developed instead of being rejected. These questions provoke a paradigm shift – regarding the development of polypharmacological drugs not as a ‘waste of investment’, but acknowledging the existence of a ‘lack of investment’. This perspective provides an insight into modern drug development highlighting latest drug candidates that have not been assessed in a broader polypharmacology-based context elsewhere embedded in a historic framework of classical and modern approved multitarget drugs. The article shall be an inspiration to the scientific community to re-consider current standards, and more, to evolve to a better understanding of polypharmacology from a challenge to an opportunity.
Williams’s Integrity Objection as a Psychological Problem
Authors: Venkatesh Nikhil
Published: February 2024

Utilitarianism is the view that as far as morality goes, one ought to choose the option which will result in the most overall well-being—that is, that maximises the sum of whatever makes life worth living, with each person’s life equally weighted. The promise of utilitarianism is to reduce morality to one simple principle, easily incorporated into policy analysis, economics and decision theory. However, utilitarianism is not popular amongst moral philosophers today. This is in large part due to the influence of Williams’s ‘Integrity Objection’ (1973). Though the Integrity Objection has been influential in turning philosophers against utilitarianism, it is also difficult to make precise, evidenced by the myriad interpretations in the literature. In this paper I interpret the objection as holding that agents who accept utilitarianism cannot, as a matter of psychology, be committed to their projects. I explore other interpretations, finding some to be inconsistent with Williams’s approach, and others to be relatively easily answerable by the utilitarian. The psychological problem I identify is harder for utilitarians to avoid, though I have begun to offer a response in other work.