bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the choice of strategy of scientific and technical development of the Russian Federation under modern restrictions
Authors: Egerev Sergey V.
Published: December 2019

Due to historical traditions, isolationist tendencies are strong in Russia. The main risks of isolated systems in the context of their scientific and technical development are formulated in the article. They are: stertorious scientific mobility, instability of institutions, lack of competition, inefficiency of conventional market mechanisms for the development of the scientific sphere. We simulate the effect of complex constraints, i. e. “overlay” sudden sanctions on chronic isolation of the Russian scientific and technical sphere. The historical experience of management of scientific and technical development in conditions of restrictions is discussed. Proposals are made to optimize the management of the scientific and technical complex in the current situation.
Scientific State Policy through the Eyes of an «Ordinary Scientist».Scientists’ Situational Strategies in Response to the Science Reforming Waves in Russia
Authors: Plusnin Juri M. , Ablazhey Anatoly M.
Published: December 2019

A comparative analysis of the results of two paired sociological studies of the Russian academic community in the Siberian Branch of the RAS (SB RAS) in 1992 – 1994 and 2015 – 2016 was carried out. The first study was realised at the institutes of the Novosibirsk Scientific Center (NSC SB RAS); the second again at the Research Institutes of the NSC SB RAS, as well as at the academic institutes of Tomsk, Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk was carried out. The main method: in-depth structured interviews focused on the problems of (a) professional adaptation of “ordinary” scientists and (b) reactions of the institutes and laboratories to radical changes in state scientific policy. A comparative analysis showed that despite the different goals and results of implementing scientific policy in the early 1990s and in mid-2010s, the scientific community often demonstrates the same, in fact, “response to threats” expressed in the professional behavioral strategies. These strategies are conservative and situationally non-adaptive. Management of research institutes strives to maintain the “status quo”; they aim, if possible, not to change the structure of professional relations, the directions and subjects of researches. This testifies to the inert structure of academic science and science management, which aims to maintain the main organizational components that were laid down in the Soviet 1930s.
Pendampingan Diversifikasi Produk Olahan Tape Pada UMKM Pembuat Tape “Ngangeni” di Dusun Mangli Desa Karangsari Kecamatan Sempu Banyuwangi
Authors: Nurchayati Nurchayati , Prayekti Novi , As'ari Hasyim
Published: December 2019

Dusun Mangli merupakan daerah di Desa Karangsari Kecamatan Sempu Banyuwangi yang penduduknya banyak sebagai pelaku UMKM pengusaha tape. Para pengusaha tape dari dusun Mangli ini menjual tape hasil produksinya dalam bentuk setengah jadi dan dikirim ke Bali atau di jual di area lokal. Produksi tape ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan singkong sebagai bahan bakunya. Jika harga singkong murah para pengusaha tape memperbesar produksi dan berakibat banyak tape yang tidak laku terjual. Sebaliknya jika harga singkong mahal maka, pengusaha tape memilih tidak memproduksi. Tape yang tidak laku jual dan produksi yang tersendat menyebabkan pendapatan masyarakat sekitar juga menurun. Melihat kondisi tersebut tim pengabdian masyarakat fakultas MIPA Universitas PGRI Banyuwangi melakukan pendampingan diversifikasi produk olahan tape pada UMKM pembuat tape “Ngangeni” di Dusun Mangli tersebut. Tujuannya adalah agar pengusaha tape dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi tape dengan memanfaatkan tape yang tidak laku jual dan dapat lebih berdaya dalam meningkatkan perekonomian. Kegiatan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini dilakukan dalam beberapa tahapan yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan pelatihan pembuatan produk olahan, pendampingan pembuatan produk, pengemasan dan pemasaran, evaluasi dan monitoring. Hasil dari kegiatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan pelaku UMKM pembuat tape untuk mengolah tapenya menjadi produk bernilai jual. Produk dari yang dijual juga beragam tidak hanyak tape. Pelaku UMKM juga menjadi berdaya untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis tape.
Instrumentos linguísticos e discursos de disponibilização de/em instrumentos digitais de aprendizagem
Authors: Coelho Cidarley Grecco Fernandes
Published: December 2019

Pela História das Ideias Linguísticas, este trabalho faz uma análise da relação entre tecnologia e ensino, a partir de um fragmentário de saberes, com sua historicidade sobre a língua, disponíveis em rede digital. Levando em conta que Estado, instituições e saberes se apresentam na divisão dos sentidos, na tensão entre o dito e o não dito, considerando a contradição e o político – a análise busca a opacidade nos discursos de disponibilização de conteúdos educacionais em redes digitais. A análise possibilita refletir sobre o caráter material e o processo de significação dos instrumentos linguísticos pela sua historicidade, como objetos históricos e discursivos – e na sociedade contemporânea significada pelo digital. Compreender os processos de significação desses instrumentos, em sua dispersão, é o objetivo. Além disso, também se e como a materialidade digital passa a (re)significar esses objetos enquanto instrumentos que constituem os saberes linguísticos relacionados ao ensino da língua.
As formas discursivas e a ameaça comunista
Authors: Mariani Bethania
Published: December 2019

A partir do arcabouço teórico da Análise do discurso, considerando, sobretudo, o conceito de formas discursivas remissivas (PÊCHEUX, 1969), objetiva-se depreender e analisar os processos de produção de sentidos para as palavras comunismo, comunista e esquerda na discursividade política brasileira, tal como estão circulando na mídia social.
O imaginário do arquivo em divertida mente
Authors: Rangel Thayron Rodrigues , Silva André Januário da
Published: December 2019

Objetiva discutir o contexto das instituições arquivísticas e o papel dos profissionais de arquivo na atualidade. Demonstrar como o paradigma da informação tem redimensionado não apenas as atividades dos arquivistas, mas também os usos e usuários do documento arquivístico. Para tanto, buscamos traçar um paralelo com o filme Divertida Mente (2015) que conta a história de Riley, uma menina de 11 anos, que vive em conflito, consigo e com seus pais, após se mudar de sua cidade natal. O filme é protagonizado pelas emoções, Alegria, Tristeza, Medo, Nojinho e Raiva, responsáveis por conferir à menina suas características de comportamento e também pelo armazenamento e tratamento de suas memórias. Nesse sentido, é possível apreender através do filme a ideia da mente como uma instituição arquivística, e das emoções como profissionais de arquivo responsáveis pela acumulação, seleção, armazenamento e descarte das memórias da personagem. Temos nessa realidade imaginada através do filme, as memórias de Riley como documentos arquivísticos fundamentais na constituição da identidade da personagem e na sua interação com os grupos sociais dos quais faz parte. Assim, podemos dizer que as instituições arquivísticas são ambientes orgânicos, em transformação e fortemente marcados pela atuação dos arquivistas, vistos como agentes de memória fundamentais na formação das identidades. Essa representação vai de encontro a algumas das principais características cristalizadas na área, como a naturalidade dos documentos e a imparcialidade dos profissionais de arquivo. Por fim, também redimensiona o documento arquivístico que passa a ter seu horizonte traçado pela noção de informação.
Efeitos da língua em discurso
Authors: Correa Ana Paula , Brenner Andressa , Cielo Bruna , Pinto Denise Machado
Published: December 2019

Efeitos da Língua em Discurso, organizado pelas professoras pesquisadoras Amanda Scherer, Lucília Souza, Vanise Medeiros e Verli Petri, é um livro fruto da parceria entre o Laboratório Arquivos do Sujeito (UFF), o Laboratório Corpus (UFSM) e o E-l@dis - Laboratório Discursivo do Sujeito (USP). Ao longo de dezesseis artigos divididos em quatro partes, o leitor pode desfrutar de pesquisas que tomam a língua como arquivo pelo viés discursivo da Análise de Discurso. O resultado é uma obra pulsante que proporciona olhares sobre a língua em rede, seja na mídia ou em documentos oficiais; enquanto um saber institucionalizado, uma memória ou ainda uma materialidade constituída de espessura política.
Canteiro
Authors: Alano Natalia D’Agostin
Published: December 2019

A primeira compreensão da planta – desenho culto que é heterônomo ao canteiro – talvez seja a fase mais laboriosa de uma obra para um pedreiro. Superada essa fase, os nossos Pedros pedreiros – em referência à composição de Chico Buarque (1965) –, quase sempre saberão começar e terminar uma construção, reunindo os artefatos (ofício do artífice) na arte do fazer (ofício do artesão).
O sentido na relação da cidade linkada no digital
Authors: Silva Soeli Maria Schreiber da
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo, estudo como a cidade se significa pelo digital, analisando enunciados e ícones que se formulam pelo digital. Preocupo-me com a materialidade específica da ideologia no discurso digital no modo de interpretação do sujeito. Trabalho com a noção de forma material de Orlandi (1996) para analisar a relação entre a Língua Portuguesa e a Língua Inglesa. Apoio-me nos estudos de Dias (2018) e na noção de Textualidade de Guimarães (2018). Retomo o conceito de Link conforme Schreiber da Silva, Stalhauer (2016). Trabalho com a visão de memória de Dias, (2018).
Apresentação
Authors: RUA
Published: December 2019

Encerrando o ano, a revista Rua apresenta, em sua seção Estudos, um conjunto de textos que adentram nas diferentes formas de significar (n) a cidade.
NOS-2 Participates in the Behavioral Effects of Ethanol Withdrawal in Zebrafish
Authors: Chaves Suianny Nayara da Silva , Costa Bruna Patrícia Dutra , Gomes Gabriela Cristini Vidal , Lima-Maximino Monica , Rico Eduardo Pacheco , Maximino Caio
Published: December 2019

Nitric oxide has been implicated in symptoms of ethanol withdrawal in animal models. Zebrafish have been used as models to study neurobehavioral effects of ethanol (EtOH) withdrawal, but the mechanisms associated with these effects are not yet clear. Adult zebrafish were treated with 1% EtOH for 20 min per day for 8 days, injected with the nitric oxide synthase 2 (NOS-2) inhibitor aminoguanidine (50 mg/kg), and allowed to experience withdrawal (WD) in their hometanks for 7 days. EtOH WD increased anxiety-like behavior in the novel tank test, an effect that was blocked by aminoguanidine. EtOH WD also increased brain levels of nitrite, an effect that was partially blocked by aminoguanidine. These results underline a novel mechanism by which NOS-2 controls anxiety-like responses to ethanol withdrawal, with implications for the mechanistic study of symptoms associated with chronic ethanol abuse.
Mashlaha in Financing Risk Measurement in Sharia Financing Institutions
Authors: Said Salmah , Sofyan A. Syathir , Amiruddin Andi Muhammad Ali
Published: December 2019

The crisis of confidence in the credit rating agency forced Islamic financing institutions to apply risk measurement methods independently and renewed the study of credit risk measurement. Moreover, this research also discusses mashlaha (public interest) in measuring financing risk. This research uses a mixed method approach, combining quantitative methods to measure risk by utilizing CreditRisk+, and qualitative methods in analyzing mashlaha in these measurements. This study revealed that CreditRisk+ is able to measure financing risk accurately. This study also found that there is mashlaha as part of maqashid al-sharia in risk measurement, namely 1) Tahdzib al-Fard, that makes a financial institution capable of independently measuring the risk of its own financing; 2) Iqamah al-Adl, independent measurement will create information justice by comparing measurement results both internally and externally. 3) Mashlaha itself, with internal risk measurement, will reduce systemic risk. The implications of this study is the use of mashlaha in analyzing financing risk provides more stringent prudential in the measurement of financing risk.
Stabilization of Recurrent Elbow Instability in a Patient with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Schneider Andrew M. , Baur Katherine , Salazar Dane H.
Published: December 2019

Case:

A 22-year-old woman with Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) presented with profound elbow instability. A surgical technique that combined medial and lateral ligament reconstruction with the application of a temporary hinged internal fixator was performed. At 1 year postsurgery, the elbow remains stable and asymptomatic and has an excellent range of motion.

Conclusion:

Elbow instability due to EDS is a rare but disabling condition, especially in young active patients. Treatment of recurrent elbow instability with collateral ligament reconstruction and a temporary hinged internal fixator may be a viable surgical option to achieve stability, restore function, and preserve quality of life.
Total Shoulder Arthroplasty Using Intraoperative 3D Navigation
Authors: Rosenthal Yoav , Virk Mandeep S. , Zuckerman Joseph D.
Published: December 2019

Glenohumeral arthritis has become increasingly prevalent. For patients with glenohumeral arthritis and an intact rotator cuff, an anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) has been shown to provide substantial pain relief with consistent, reproducible results. The primary indication is intractable pain that has not responded to nonoperative treatment, resulting in a substantial negative impact on the quality of life of the patient. Other indications for anatomic TSA include posttraumatic glenohumeral arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, and humeral head osteonecrosis. Contraindications include active infection, deltoid insufficiency, severe glenoid bone deficiency, and excessive glenohumeral posterior subluxation or laxity that cannot be surgically corrected. In order to provide the stability necessary to withstand the forces that impact the glenoid, the implant used in TSA should replicate the native anatomy of the individual patient by using a combination of implant modularity with different humeral neck angles and glenoid version augments, as well as dual eccentricity of the neck and head implant.

The major steps in TSA include (1) preoperative planning, (2) patient positioning and setup, (3) surgical exposure, (4) accessing the glenohumeral joint, (5) preparation of the humerus, (6) exposure and preparation of the glenoid with component insertion, (7) humeral component insertion and trial reduction, (8) subscapularis reattachment and closure, and (9) postoperative immobilization and rehabilitation.

The expected outcomes of TSA include improved quality of life (as indicated by improved outcome and patient satisfaction scores), shoulder active range of motion, and strength. In a large study examining outcomes of TSA in patients >55 years old, Patel et al.
1
reported improved American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (48.3 ± 23.0), Constant (33.1 ± 16.7), and University of California Los Angeles (16.7 ± 6.3) shoulder scores, as well as improved active range of motion in active abduction (42° ± 41°), forward flexion (46° ± 40°), external rotation (33° ± 23°), and internal rotation (2.2° ± 1.8°) and decreased visual analog scale scores (−5.1 ± 2.9). Another study
2
showed increased maximal weight improvement of 7.7 ± 4.0 lbs (3.5 ± 1.8 kg).
A Modified Approach by Using Prediction to Build a Best Threshold in ARX Model with Practical Application
Authors: Et al. Juma
Published: December 2019

The proposal of nonlinear models is one of the most important methods in time series analysis, which has a wide potential for predicting various phenomena, including physical, engineering and economic, by studying the characteristics of random disturbances in order to arrive at accurate predictions.

In this, the autoregressive model with exogenous variable was built using a threshold as the first method, using two proposed approaches that were used to determine the best cutting point of [the predictability forward (forecasting) and the predictability in the time series (prediction), through the threshold point indicator]. B-J seasonal models are used as a second method based on the principle of the two proposed approaches in determining the best seasonal model. Then they are compared with the obtained models from two methods that mentioned above of the two approaches within a group of the criteria as AIC, MDL, Loss Function, BIC, FPE, MSE, in addition the proposed weighted comparison criteria to determine the best model for representing the wind speed data as input variable, soil and dust as an output variable, in Baghdad Station from January 1956 to December 2012.
Uso de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico y tratamiento de la resorción radicular externa idiopática en un incisivo central superior: reporte de caso.
Authors: Delgado-Romero E. , Rodríguez-Cárdenas Y. A. , Ruíz-Mora G. A.
Published: December 2019

La resorción radicular externa invasiva es una patología poco frecuente, de difícil manejo en etapas avanzadas por su ubicación debajo de la unión amelocementaria, y que generalmente presenta sintomatología cuando hay compromiso pulpar o cuando la patología llega a niveles periapicales. Se han descrito diferentes causas para este tipo de lesión, pero en algunos casos su etiología es idiopática. El tratamiento depende de la extensión de la lesión y de cada caso en particular. El caso reportado describe a un paciente masculino de 30 años de edad, sin antecedentes sistémicos, con historia odontológica de cinco años de tratamiento ortodóncico, que presentó resorción externa profunda invasiva por palatino de un central superior derecho. Por medio quirúrgico se le realizó el tratamiento endodóntico y el manejo de la resorción, sellando la cavidad con dos materiales reconstructivos y MTA. A pesar de tener un pronóstico reservado es una alternativa de tratamiento para este tipo de patologías que va a depender de su evolución, cuidados y controles postoperatorios. El uso de la tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC) fue fundamental para un óptimo diagnóstico, y una planeación adecuada del tratamiento.
Diagnóstico y tratamiento de displasia fibrosa madura complicada con osteomielitis crónica. Reporte de caso
Authors: Schilling J.
Published: December 2019

La displasia fibrosa es una lesión congénita, lentamente progresiva que puede provocar graves alteraciones morfológicas yfuncionales, y estar sujeta a complicaciones de tipo infeccioso. En este reporte de caso se presenta a un paciente masculino de8 años de edad diagnosticado con una displasia fibrosa madura luego de un hallazgo incidental durante un examen de rutina,el paciente durante el curso de los últimos cinco años ha presentado osteomielitis a repetición en el sitio de biopsia y de exfoliacióndentaría, el cuadro clínico se ha tratado mediante curetajes y aseos quirúrgicos y con la indicación antibiótica de clindamicinasin resultados positivos. Se concluye que el manejo de las displasias fibrosas maduras puede ser difícil una vez quese ha instalado un proceso infeccioso crónico sin poder dar de alta al paciente, manteniéndolo permanentemente en control.
Análisis de la distribución de tensiones en tres diseños de incrustaciones de cerómero y cerámica
Authors: Vidalón Pinto Marcia
Published: December 2019

El objetivo del estudio fue comparar el estrés compresivo en primeras premolares superiores, restauradas con 3 diseños de incrustaciones de cerómero y cerámicapor medio del análisis de elementos finitos.
Control de anclaje durante la retracción en masa de dientes superiores: una revisión sistemática
Authors: Jimenez Valdivia Ludy M.
Published: December 2019

Objetivos: Comparar la eficacia para el control de anclaje, tiempo de retracción efectos secundarios y duración del tratamiento de diversos métodos empleados durante la práctica diaria como minitornillos, casquetes, arco transpalatino (ATP) y onplant en tratamiento de maloclusiones clase I y clase II con extracciones.
Ketamine affects the integration of developmentally generated granule neurons in the adult stage
Authors: Zhao Zhanqiang , Li Bing , Wu Yuqing , Chen Xujun , Guo Yan , Shen Yang , huang he
Published: December 2019

Background Ketamine has been reported to cause neonatal neurotoxicity in a variety of developing animal models. Various studies have been conducted to study the mechanism of neurotoxicity for general anesthetic use during the neonatal period. Previous experiments have suggested that developmentally generated granule neurons in the hippocampus dentate gyrus (DG) supported hippocampus-dependent memory. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate whether ketamine affects the functional integration of developmentally generated granule neurons in the DG. For this purpose，the postnatal day 7 (PND-7) Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into the control group and the ketamine group (rats who received 4 injections of 40 mg/kg ketamine at 1 h intervals). To label dividing cells, BrdU was administered for three consecutive days after the ketamine exposure; NeuN+/BrdU+ cells were observed by using immunofluorescence. To evaluate the developmentally generated granule neurons that support hippocampus-dependent memory, spatial reference memory was tested by using Morris Water Maze at 3 months old, after which the immunofluorescence was used to detect c-Fos expression in the NeuN+/BrdU+ cells. The expression of caspase-3 was measured by Western blot to detect the apoptosis in the hippocampal DG.ResultsThe present results showed that the neonatal ketamine exposure did not influence the survival rate of developmentally generated granule neurons at 2 and 3 months old, but ketamine interfered with the integration of these neurons into the hippocampal DG neural circuits and caused a deficit in hippocampal-dependent spatial reference memory tasks.ConclusionsIn summary, these findings may promote more studies to investigate the neurotoxicity of ketamine in the developing brain.
Intensive Home Treatment for adolescents in psychiatric crisis
Authors: Muskens Jet , Herpers Pierre C.M. , Hilderink Caroline , Deurzen Patricia A.M. van , Buitelaar Jan K. , Staal Wouter G.
Published: December 2019

Background Adolescents with acute psychiatric disorders are typically treated with long-term clinical admission. However, long term admission may be associated with a variety of negative outcomes. This pilot study presents a new model of care, that is, the combined application of intensive home treatment and the possibility of short term stay at a psychiatric high & intensive care.

Methods In total 112 referred adolescents with mixed diagnoses participated in this longitudinal observational design. Clinical outcome was measured by the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents (HoNOSCA) which measures the severity of multiple mental health problems. The HoNOSCA was clinician-rated at intake, after two months and after four months at discharge. Change in HoNOSCA total score was analysed with paired t-tests. Outcome moderators were gender, age, primary diagnosis, clinical admission, home treatment-time, medication and additional therapies. Follow up data were completed for 62 patients after two months and for 53 after four months.

Results Participants aged between 11 and 18 years ( M = 14.8 years, SD = 0.3; 52% female). Mean HoNOSCA total score at intake was 18.8 (SD = 5.2), after two months 13.0 (SD = 5.0); after four months resulting in a score of 9.3 (SD = 5.2). None of the moderators tested showed a significant effect on HoNOSCA scores. However, a control group could not be used because of the severe psychopathology and high risk for suicidality and the lack of an effective treatment intervention for a comparable study group.

Conclusion With a symptom decrease of over 50% within four months as measured by the HoNOSCA, including less risk for hospitalization, this new model appears promising and of clinical relevance. Nevertheless, further research regarding stability of treatment outcome is warranted and evaluation of long-term effects of this model in follow-up studies is needed.
Genetic Regulatory Networks for Salt-Alkali Stress in Gossypium hirsutum With Differing Morphological Characteristics
Authors: Xu Yanchao , Magwanga Richard Odongo , Yang Xiu , Jin Dingsha , Cai Xiaoyan , Hou Yuqing , Wei Yangyang , Zhou Zhongli , Wang Kunbo , Liu Fang
Published: December 2019

Background Cotton grows in altering environments that are often unfavorable or stressful for its growth and development. Consequently, the plant must cope with abiotic stresses such as soil salinity, drought, and excessive temperatures. Alkali-salt stress response remains a cumbersome biological process and is regulated via a multifaceted transcriptional regulatory network in cotton Results To discover the molecular mechanisms of alkali-salt stress response in cotton, a comprehensive transcriptome analysis was carried out after alkali-salt stress treatment in three accessions of Gossypium hirsutum with contrasting phenotype. Expression level analysis proved that alkali-salt stress response presented significant stage-specific and tissue-specific. GO enrichment analysis typically suggested that signal transduction process involved in salt-alkali stress response at SS3 and SS12 stages in leaf; carbohydrate metabolic process and oxidation-reduction process involved in SS48 stages in leaf; the oxidation-reduction process involved at all three phases in the root. The Co-expression analysis suggested a potential GhSOS3/GhCBL10-SOS2 network was involved in salt-alkali stress response. Furthermore, Salt-alkali sensitivity was increased in GhSOS3 and GhCBL10 Virus-induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) plants. Conclusion The findings may facilitate to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of alkali-salt stress response and provide an available resource to scrutinize the role of candidate genes and signaling pathway governing alkali-salt stress response Keywords: Alkali-Salt Stress; RNA-Seq; Gene Co-Expression; Gossypium Hirsutum Races; WGCNA
Post-lingual non-syndromic hearing loss phenotype: a polygenic case with 2 biallelic mutations in MYO15A and MITF
Authors: Khalil Athar , Karroum Samer Bou , Barake Rana , Dunya Gabriel , Abou-Rizk Samer , Kamar Amina , Nemer Georges , Bassim Marc
Published: December 2019

Background: Hearing loss (HL) represents the most common congenital sensory impairment with an incidence of 1-5 per 1000 live births. Non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is an isolated finding that is not part of any other disorder accounting for 70% of all genetic hearing loss cases.
Methods: In the current study , we reported a polygenic mode of inheritance in an NSHL consanguineous family using exome sequencing technology and we evaluated the possible effect of the detected single nucleotide variants (SNVs) using in silico methods.
Results: Two bi-allelic SNVs were detected in the affected patients; a MYO15A (. p.V485A) variant, and a novel MITF (p.P338L) variant. Along with these homozygous mutations, we detected two heterozygous variants in well described hearing loss genes ( MYO7A and MYH14). The novel MITF p. Pro338Leu missense mutation was predicted to change the protein structure and function.
Conclusion: A novel MITF mutation along with a previously described MYO15A mutation segregate with an autosomal recessive non-syndromic HL case with a post-lingual onset. The findings highlight the importance of carrying whole exome sequencing for a comprehensive assessment of HL genetic heterogeneity.
Evaluation of ultrasound-guided Freka-Trelumina enteral nutrition tube placement in the treatment of acute pancreatitis
Authors: Liu Zhijun , Guo Jintao , Ren Weidong , Tang Shaoshan , Huang Ying , Huang Liping , Sun Siyu , Lin Lianjie
Published: December 2019

B ackground: Enteral nutrition should be implemented as early as possible in patients with moderate or severe acute pancreatitis. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of ultrasound-guided Freka-Trelumina tube placement for enteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis. Methods: Patients with severe acute pancreatitis admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University who needed Freka-Trelumina tube placement for enteral nutrition and gastrointestinal decompression were included in the current study. The relevant evaluation indicators of tube placement included the success rate of tube placement, tube placement time, tube shift rate, and blocking rate. In addition, the evaluation indicators of ultrasound-guided tube placement (from 1 January 2018 to 31 July 2019) were compared with those of previous endoscope-guided placement (from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017) by analysing the data from the electronic medical record system. Results: The success rate of ultrasound-guided tube placement was 90.7% (49/54). All 49 patients tolerated the Freka-Trelumina feeding tube. The average ultrasound-guided tube placement time for the 49 patients was 18.4 ± 12.8 min (range, 5-36 min). The Freka-Trelumina feeding tube had a shift rate of 10.2% (5/49). The blocking rate of the Freka-Trelumina feeding tube was 12.2% (6/49). The success rate of tube placement, tube shift rate and blocking rate for endoscope-guided tube placement were 100% (62/62), 11.3% (7/62), and 12.9% (8/62), respectively. The average endoscope-guided tube placement time for the 62 patients was 16.5 ± 5.7 min (range, 12-31 min). The comparison between the ultrasound-guided group and the endoscope-guided group showed that the success rate of tube placement, tube placement time, tube shift rate and blocking rate were similar. Conclusion: The ultrasound-guided method can be done non-invasively at the bedside, which is safe and convenient, and the Freka-Trelumina feeding tube can be placed in time to achieve the goal of early enteral nutrition and gastrointestinal decompression.
Effect of individualized PEEP titration guided by intratidal compliance profile analysis on regional ventilation assessed by electrical impedance tomography – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Weber Jonas , Gutjahr Jan , Schmidt Johannes , Lozano-Zahonero Sara , Borgmann Silke , Schumann Stefan , Wirth Steffen
Published: December 2019

Background Application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) improves lung aeration and reduces mechanical stress during mechanical ventilation. Although numerous approaches for PEEP titration have been proposed, there is no accepted strategy to titrate optimal PEEP. By analyzing the intratidal compliance profiles, PEEP may be titrated patient-individually. Methods After obtaining informed consent, we measured respiratory system mechanics, regional ventilation in 60 consecutive patients undergoing elective surgery, randomly allocated to the control group (PEEP = 5 cmH 2 O) or the intervention group receiving individually titrated PEEP, guided by intratidal compliance profile analysis. Primary endpoint was the frequencies of nonlinear intratidal compliance (C RS ) profiles of the respiratory system (horizontal, increasing, decreasing and mixed). We further investigated respiratory and hemodynamic variables and regional ventilation. Results Frequencies of C RS profiles were comparable between the groups. Besides PEEP [control: 5.0 (0.0), intervention: 5.8 (1.1) cmH 2 O, p<0.001] respiratory and hemodynamic variables were comparable between the two groups. The compliance profile analysis showed no significant differences between the two groups. The loss of ventral and dorsal regional ventilation was higher in the control [ventral: 41.0 (16.3) %, dorsal: 25.9 (13.8) %] than in the intervention group [ventral: 29.3 (17.6) %, dorsal: 16.4 (12.7) %, p (ventral) = 0.039, p (dorsal) = 0.028]. Conclusions Individualized PEEP titration according to bedside compliance profile analysis improves regional ventilation in terms of global aeration gain without affecting respiratory and hemodynamic variables negatively and might be a promising approach to patient-individual ventilation settings. However, differences in dorsal to ventral ventilation distribution were not found. Unfavorable compliance profiles indicating tidal derecruitment were found less often than in earlier studies.
Where have all the susceptible gonococci gone? A historical review of changes in MIC distribution over the past 75 years
Authors: Kenyon Chris , Laumen Jolein , Bossche Dorien Van Den , Dijck Christophe Van
Published: December 2019

Background Does the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae include the erasure of highly susceptible strains or does it merely involve a stretching of the MIC distribution? If it was the former this would be important to know as it would increase the probability that the loss of susceptibility is irreversible.Methods We conducted a historical analysis based on a literature review of changes of N. gonorrhoeae MIC distribution over the past 75 years for 3 antimicrobials (benzylpenicillin, ceftriaxone and azithromycin) in five countries (Denmark, Japan, South Africa, the United Kingdom and the United States).Results Changes in MIC distribution were most marked for benzylpenicillin and showed evidence of a right shifting of MIC distribution that was associated with a reduction/elimination of susceptible strains in all countries. In the case of ceftriaxone and azithromycin, where only more recent data was available, right shifting was also found in all countries but the extent of right shifting varied and the evidence for the elimination of susceptible strains was more mixed.Conclusions The finding of right shifting of MIC distribution combined with reduction/elimination of susceptible strains is concerning since it suggests that this shifting may not be reversible. Since excess antimicrobial consumption is likely to be responsible for this right shifting, this insight provides additional impetus to promote antimicrobial stewardship.
Peripheral Non-enzymatic Antioxidants in Patients with Schizophrenia：A Case-control Study
Authors: Lu Zhe , Wen Tianyang , Wang Yingtan , Kan Weijing , Xun Guanglei
Published: December 2019

Background: Recent studies show that oxidative stress is associated with the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. There are two major types of antioxidant systems in vivo, namely enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants. This study investigated differences of non-enzymatic antioxidant between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
Methods: Peripheral UA, ALB and TBIL of 107 schizophrenic patients in acute stage and 101 in remission stage were measured respectively, so were 273 healthy controls.
Results: The levels of UA (P=0.020) and TBIL (P<0.001) of schizophrenic patients in acute stage were higher than those of healthy controls, while the level of ALB (P<0.001) was lower. Similar results were detected form schizophrenic patients in remission stage. Schizophrenic patients in acute stage were divided into antipsychotics-use subgroup (n=56) and antipsychotics-naïve/free subgroup (n=51). The level of UA (P=0.001) in antipsychotics-use subgroup was higher than that in antipsychotics-naïve/free subgroup, while the level of TBIL (P=0.002) was lower than that in antipsychotics-naïve/free subgroup. 77 schizophrenic patients in acute stage were followed up, and there was no significant difference in level of UA before and after treatment, but levels of ALB (P<0.001) and TBIL (P<0.001) decreased significantly after the treatment.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the dysfunction of peripheral non-enzymatic anti-oxidation system might be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Keywords: Schizophrenia; Uric acid; Albumin; Total bilirubin
Diagnostic accuracy of history taking, physical examination and imaging for phalangeal, metacarpal and carpal fractures: a systematic review update.
Authors: Krastman Patrick , Mathijssen Nina M. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M.A. , Kraan Gerald , Runhaar Jos
Published: December 2019

Background The standard diagnostic work-up for hand and wrist fractures consists of history taking, physical examination and imaging if needed, but the supporting evidence for this work-up is limited. The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the diagnostic accuracy of tests for hand and wrist fractures. Methods A systematic search for relevant studies was performed. Methodological quality was assessed and sensitivity (Se), specificity (Sp), accuracy, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were extracted from the eligible studies. Results Of the 35 eligible studies, two described the diagnostic accuracy of history taking for hand and wrist fractures. Physical examination with or without radiological examination for diagnosing scaphoid fractures (five studies) showed Se, Sp, accuracy, PPV and NPV ranging from 15-100%, 13-98%, 55-73%, 14-73% and 75-100%, respectively. Physical examination with radiological examination for diagnosing other carpal bone fractures (one study) showed a Se of 100%, with the exception of the triquetrum (75%). Physical examination for diagnosing phalangeal and metacarpal fractures (one study) showed Se, Sp, accuracy, PPV and NPV ranging from 26-55%, 13-89%, 45-76%, 41-77% and 63-75%, respectively. Imaging modalities of scaphoid fractures showed predominantly low values for PPV and the highest values for Sp and NPV (24 studies). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT), Ultrasonography (US) and Bone Scintigraphy (BS) were comparable in diagnostic accuracy for diagnosing a scaphoid fracture, with an accuracy ranging from 85-100%, 79-100%, 49-100% and 86-97%, respectively. Imaging for metacarpal and finger fractures showed Se, Sp, accuracy, PPV and NPV ranging from 73-100%, 78-100%, 70-100%, 79-100% and 70-100%, respectively. Conclusions Only two studies were found on the diagnostic accuracy of history taking for hand and wrist fractures in the current review. Physical examination was of moderate use for diagnosing a scaphoid fracture and of limited use for diagnosing phalangeal, metacarpal and remaining carpal fractures. MRI, CT and BS were found to be moderately accurate for the definitive diagnosis of clinically suspected carpal fractures.
Individual and healthcare system factors influencing antenatal care attendance in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alanazy Wdad , Brown Amy
Published: December 2019

Background The World Health Organisation recommends women have at least 4 antenatal care visits (ANC) during a low risk pregnancy. However, in Saudi Arabia, many mothers miss these appointments placing their health and that of their baby at risk. Limited research exploring why this is happening usually focuses on low maternal education or personal barriers such as lack of transport. The aim of the current research was therefore to understand what factors at the individual and healthcare systems level were associated with missing antenatal care in Saudi Arabia.Methods Two hundred and forty two pregnant women in their third trimester completed a questionnaire examining their care attendance alongside barriers to attending care. These included maternal demographic background, health literacy, personal barriers, health care system factors and staff communication).Results Over half of women had missed at least one appointment and a third had delayed their care. Mothers who had missed appointments blamed health care system factors such as poor clinic facilities and waiting times. Attending care was not associated with maternal education or literacy. However perceptions of staff communication, consistency and care were lower amongst those who had missed at least one appointment.Conclusions Although in previous research health professionals believe it is maternal education that leads to poor attendance, in our sample at least, it is in fact perceptions of staff communication that affect attendance. Making changes at the health care level e.g. through adapting clinic times and investing in staff training may increase antenatal care attendance in Saudi Arabia.
Salt adaptability in a halophytic soybean (Glycine soja) involves photosystems coordination
Authors: Yan Kun , He Wenjun , Bian Lanxing , Zhang Zishan , Tang Xiaoli , An Mengxin , Li Lixia , Han Guangxuan
Published: December 2019

Background: Glycine soja is a halophytic soybean native to saline soil in Yellow River Delta, China. Photosystem I (PSI) performance and the interaction between photosystem II (PSII) and PSI remain unclear in Glycine soja under salt stress. This study aimed to explore salt adaptability in Glycine soja in terms of photosystems coordination. Results: Potted Glycine soja was exposed to 300 mM NaCl for 9 days with a cultivated soybean, Glycine max , as control. Under salt stress, the maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and PSI (△MR/MR 0 ) were significantly decreased with the loss of PSI and PSII reaction center proteins in Glycine max , and greater PSI vulnerability was suggested by earlier decrease in △MR/MR 0 than Fv/Fm and depressed PSI oxidation in modulated 820 nm reflection transients. Inversely, PSI stability was defined in Glycine soja , as △MR/MR 0 and PSI reaction center protein abundance were not affected by salt stress. Consistently, chloroplast ultrastructure and leaf lipid peroxidation were not affected in Glycine soja under salt stress. Inhibition on electron flow at PSII acceptor side helped protect PSI by restricting electron flow to PSI and seemed as a positive response in Glycine soja due to its rapid recovery after salt stress. Reciprocally, PSI stability aided in preventing PSII photoinhibition, as the simulated feedback inhibition by PSI inactivation induced great decrease in Fv/Fm under salt stress. In contrast, PSI inactivation elevated PSII excitation pressure through inhibition on PSII acceptor side and accelerated PSII photoinhibition in Glycine max , according to the positive and negative correlation of △MR/MR 0 with efficiency that an electron moves beyond primary quinone and PSII excitation pressure respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, photosystems coordination depending on PSI stability and rapid response of PSII acceptor side contributed to defending salt-induced oxidative stress on photosynthetic apparatus in Glycine soja . Photosystems interaction should be considered as one of the salt adaptable mechanisms in this halophytic soybean.
Paediatric Glaucoma in Scotland
Authors: Beck Daniel , Galea Martin , Loo Cheng Yi , Schmoll Conrad , Burgess Frederick R. , Montgomery Donald , Tatham Andrew J
Published: December 2019

Background
The primary aim was to estimate the incidence of primary and secondary childhood glaucoma in Scotland over a 2-year period. The secondary aim was to gauge the confidence and experience of ophthalmologists in Scotland in managing these patients.
Methods
A 7 question electronic survey was distributed to all consultant members of the Scottish Paediatric Club and Scottish Glaucoma Club. Respondents were asked to report the number of cases and types of childhood glaucoma they had managed in the last 2 years. Respondents were also asked about experience and confidence in a range of glaucoma procedures, number of patients requiring referral to specialist centres and interest in the development of a centre of excellence in Scotland.
Results
The survey returned a 56% response rate, reporting 85 new cases of paediatric glaucoma in Scotland over the preceding 2 years. 11 (12.9%) had primary glaucoma and 74 (87.1%) had secondary glaucoma. The most common subtype of secondary glaucoma was uveitic glaucoma (n=29). None of the respondents declared confidence or experience in trabeculotomy or goniotomy procedures. 11 children required referral to a specialist unit outside Scotland. 85.7% of respondents felt Scotland would benefit from a specialist unit for paediatric glaucoma.
Conclusions
This survey reflects an appetite for a specialist service for paediatric glaucoma in Scotland. However, further consideration is needed to determine if there is sufficient patient load to maintain such a service.
Exploring and analysing single cell multi-omics data with VDJView
Authors: Samir Jerome , Rizzetto Simone , Gupta Money , Luciani Fabio
Published: December 2019

Background Single cell RNA sequencing provides unprecedented opportunity to simultaneously explore the transcriptomic and immune receptor diversity of T and B cells. However, there are limited tools available that simultaneously analyse large multi-omics datasets integrated with metadata such as patient and clinical information.Results We developed VDJView, which permits the simultaneous or independent analysis and visualisation of gene expression, immune receptors, and clinical metadata of both T and B cells. This tool is implemented as an easy-to-use R shiny web-application, which integrates numerous gene expression and TCR analysis tools, and accepts data from plate-based sorted or high-throughput single cell platforms. We utilised VDJView to analyse several 10X scRNA-seq datasets, including a recent dataset of 150,000 CD8+ T cells with available gene expression, TCR sequences, quantification of 15 surface proteins, and 44 antigen specificities (across viruses, cancer, and self-antigens). We performed quality control, filtering of tetramer non-specific cells, clustering, random sampling and hypothesis testing to discover antigen specific gene signatures which were associated with immune cell differentiation states and clonal expansion across the pathogen specific T cells. We also analysed 563 single cells (plate-based sorted) obtained from 11 subjects, revealing clonally expanded T and B cells across primary cancer tissues and metastatic lymph-node. These immune cells clustered with distinct gene signatures according to the breast cancer molecular subtype. VDJView has been tested in lab meetings and peer-to-peer discussions, showing effective data generation and discussion without the need to consult bioinformaticians.Conclusions VDJView enables researchers without profound bioinformatics skills to analyse immune scRNA-seq data, integrating and visualising this with clonality and metadata profiles, thus accelerating the process of hypothesis testing, data interpretation and discovery of cellular heterogeneity. VDJView is freely available at https://bitbucket.org/kirbyvisp/vdjview .