bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complementary feeding in South Asia: a multi-system analysis of the enabling environment and programme context
Authors: Torlesse Harriet , Murira Zivai , Hoogendoorn Annemarie
Published: May 2022

Aim

The links between poor complementary feeding and child malnutrition in South Asia argue for greater attention to improving young children’s diets. This study examined the status of policy and programme actions to support complementary feeding across four systems in South Asia: food, health, social protection, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH).

Methods

We conducted a review to assess the status of national policy and programme actions to improve complementary feeding in children aged 6–23 months in eight South Asian countries across four systems, including the comprehensiveness of the enabling environment and the geographic scale of programmes.

Results

All countries have policy and programme commitments to improving complementary feeding; however, no country has a comprehensive set of legislation, policies, strategies, and plans that fully incorporate relevant global recommendations and guidance. The health system has the strongest enabling environment for complementary feeding, but the lack of supportive legislation, policies, strategies, and plans in other systems may hinder multisystem action. There are few examples of nationwide programmes to improve complementary feeding beyond the health system.

Conclusion

Governments should mobilize their institutions and resources to enable a coherent and multisystem response to complementary feeding that addresses the gaps in legislation, policies, and programmes and the barriers and bottlenecks to implementation at scale, with a focus on the food, health, social protection, and WASH systems. Further operational research is needed on the factors and processes that enable multisystem action to secure nutritious, safe, affordable, and sustainable diets for young children in South Asia.
What can simulation test beds teach us about social science? Results of the ground truth program
Authors: Naugle Asmeret , Krofcheck Daniel , Warrender Christina , Lakkaraju Kiran , Swiler Laura , Verzi Stephen , Emery Ben , Murdock Jaimie , Bernard Michael , Romero Vicente
Published: May 2022

The ground truth program used simulations as test beds for social science research methods. The simulations had known ground truth and were capable of producing large amounts of data. This allowed research teams to run experiments and ask questions of these simulations similar to social scientists studying real-world systems, and enabled robust evaluation of their causal inference, prediction, and prescription capabilities. We tested three hypotheses about research effectiveness using data from the ground truth program, specifically looking at the influence of complexity, causal understanding, and data collection on performance. We found some evidence that system complexity and causal understanding influenced research performance, but no evidence that data availability contributed. The ground truth program may be the first robust coupling of simulation test beds with an experimental framework capable of teasing out factors that determine the success of social science research.
Environmental assessment of the rental business model: a case study for formal wear
Authors: Monticelli Anna , Costamagna Mattia
Published: May 2022

The apparel industry and above all the business model on which it relies (fast fashion) are recognized as the source of marked environmental impacts. An alternative business model such as one of those promoted by the circular economy could be the solution to improve resource productivity and value creation, without damaging the environment. The rental model, or more in general the product-as-a-service, is often linked to multiple benefits such as reduction in environmental impact, increase in competitiveness and user value. However, to be sure of the environmental sustainability of this model, it is necessary to conduct an objective assessment of its application to the context of the apparel industry. The goal of this work was to carry out an analysis of the environmental impacts related to the life cycle of formal dresses. In detail, the analysis focused on the comparison between a business model based on rental of garments and an online purchase model. The results show that by extending the life of a product, in terms of the number of uses, it is possible to limit the environmental impacts associated with the fashion sector. In fact for the case under consideration, the rental business model makes it possible to extend the number of uses of a single dress, with a consequent reduction in the environmental impacts associated with its entire life cycle.
Cocaine Modulates the Neuronal Endosomal System and Extracellular Vesicles in a Sex-Dependent Manner
Authors: Barreto Bryana R. , D’Acunzo Pasquale , Ungania Jonathan M. , Das Sasmita , Hashim Audrey , Goulbourne Chris N. , Canals-Baker Stefanie , Saito Mitsuo , Saito Mariko , Sershen Henry , Levy Efrat
Published: May 2022

In multiple neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, endosomal changes correlate with changes in exosomes. We examined this linkage in the brain of mice that received cocaine injections for two weeks starting at 2.5 months of age. Cocaine caused a decrease in the number of both neuronal early and late endosomes and exosomes in the brains of male but not female mice. The response to cocaine in ovariectomized females mirrored male, demonstrating that these sex-differences in response to cocaine are driven by hormonal differences. Moreover, cocaine increased the amount of α-synuclein per exosome in the brain of females but did not affect exosomal α-synuclein content in the brain of males, a sex-difference eliminated by ovariectomy. Enhanced packaging of α-synuclein into female brain exosomes with the potential for propagation of pathology throughout the brain suggests a mechanism for the different response of females to chronic cocaine exposure as compared to males.
Value-based accounts of normative powers and the wishful thinking objection
Authors: Bruno Daniele
Published: May 2022

Normative powers like promising allow agents to effect changes to their reasons, permissions and rights by the means of communicative actions whose function is to effect just those changes. An attractive view of the normativity of such powers combines a non-reductive account of their bindingness with a value-based grounding story of why we have them. This value-based view of normative powers however invites a charge of wishful thinking: Is it not bad reasoning to think that we have a given power because it would be good? In this article, I offer a defence of the value-based view of normative powers against this surprisingly under-discussed objection. First, I clarify the challenge by distinguishing between two components of normative powers, which I call the material and normative components, respectively. Secondly, I defend the form of normative explanation involved, showing that it is needed to give convincing value-based explanations for other important normative phenomena, especially rights of autonomy.
New methods for new questions about rhizosphere/plant root interactions
Authors: Gregory Peter J. , George Timothy S. , Paterson Eric
Published: May 2022

In this opinion paper we review recent methodological developments underpinning the study of roots, the rhizosphere and interactions affecting soil functions, and explore new understanding resulting from these advances. We focus on methods that have improved our understanding of rhizodeposition, rhizosphere enzymatic processes and root growth, water and nutrient acquisition at several levels. Finally, we suggest that the future will require new methods that continue to overcome the difficulties posed by the opacity of soil, can scale results spatially and temporally, and integrate multiple aspects of rhizosphere processes simultaneously.
Does Social Class Matter Equally for the Timely Transition Into and Out of College? Evidence from the NLSY97
Authors: Atherwood Serge , Sánchez-Soto Gabriela
Published: May 2022

Although the positive relationship between social determinants and college attainment is well established, less is known about how social class specifically relates to the linear and timely completion of postsecondary degrees. In this paper, we empirically examine on-time completion of bachelor’s degrees using social class proxies for a national sample of U.S. high school graduates, using the life course perspective and social selection hypothesis to contextualize social effects on the two key transitions—timely full-time enrollment and timely degree completion—that bound the traditional 4-year college pathway. We find strongly positive associations between several social indicators and attainment of both transition events, although effects are larger and more numerous for the initial transition, indicating social selection may be more influential in launching the 4-year college pathway than in completing it. Gradients of social advantage also appear more complexly gendered and racialized at the start of the college pathway than at the end. Finally, we confirm that parenthood is highly incompatible with a 4-year path to a degree regardless of social class and conspicuously more likely to interfere with the timely completion of a bachelor’s degree than other major life transitions.
Determining the Relative Cratering Ages of Regions of Psyche’s Surface
Authors: Marchi S. , Asphaug E. , Bell J. F. , Bottke W. F. , Jaumann R. , Park R. S. , Polanskey C. A. , Prettyman T. H. , Williams D. A. , Binzel R. , Oran R. , Weiss B. , Russell C. T.
Published: May 2022

The study of the cratering history of asteroid (16) Psyche is one of the investigations to be performed by the NASA Psyche mission. A dedicated Relative Ages Working Group will carry on these investigations using primarily imaging and topographic data, and complement the interpretation of these data with theoretical models (hydrocodes to simulate impacts) as well as laboratory experiments (impact experiments on relevant target materials). The Psyche Science Team will also rely on experience and lessons learned from prior space missions, such as NASA Dawn and ESA Rosetta.

The main goals of the cratering investigations are to map craters and characterize their morphology across Psyche’s surface over a range of spatial resolutions. These data will then be used to constrain relative and absolute ages of Psyche’s terrains, and impact-related processes will inform other investigations, such as geological mapping, surface composition, and internal structure. Psyche’s cratering data will also be used to perform comparative analyses with similar data from other rocky asteroids. The present chapter provides a pre-launch view of the planned activities and methodologies of the Relative Ages Working Group.
Der „Algorithmic turn“ in der Plattform-Governance.
Authors: Katzenbach Christian
Published: May 2022

Die Regulierung von Plattformen ist zu einem zentralen Thema öffentlicher und politischer Debatten geworden: Wie sollen einerseits Anbieter von sozialen Medien mit problematischen Inhalten wie Misinformation und Hassreden umgehen? Und wie sollten wir andererseits Plattformen regulieren, z. B. indem sie für Inhalte haftbar gemacht werden oder zum Einsatz von Upload-Filtern gedrängt werden? Vor diesem Hintergrund rekonstruiert der Beitrag einen „algorithmic turn“ in der Governance von Plattform, d. h. der zunehmenden Positionierung von automatisierten Verfahren zur Adressierung dieser Governance-Fragen. Dabei arbeitet der Beitrag heraus, dass dies eine Entwicklung ist, die keineswegs nur durch technische Fortschritte in der Klassifikation von Inhalten zu erklären ist. Automatisierte Verfahren können nur als schlüssige Lösung für komplexe Verfahren positioniert werden, weil sie sich günstig in diskursive und politische Entwicklungen einbetten lassen. Der Beitrag identifiziert einen diskursiven „responsibility turn“ der zunehmenden Zuschreibung von Verantwortung an die Plattform und eine politisch-regulative Entwicklung der zunehmenden Mithaftung von Plattformen für Inhalte. Dafür kombiniert der vorliegende Beitrag techniksoziologische und institutionentheoretische Perspektiven. Im Schlussabschnitt werden die breiteren Entwicklungslinien einer zunehmenden Institutionalisierung und „Infrastrukturisierung“ von algorithmischen Systemen reflektiert. Der Beitrag identifiziert unter anderem die Gefahr, dass mit der Verlagerung von Entscheidungen über umstrittene Inhalte in Technik und Infrastruktur diese inhärent politischen Fragen der öffentlichen Debatte entzogen und der Entscheidungshoheit der Plattformen überlassen werden.
Das hybride Büro: Gestaltungsansätze für New Work-Arbeitsumgebungen anhand eines Fallbeispiels
Authors: Reindl Cornelia , Lanwehr Ralf , Kopinski Thomas
Published: May 2022

Der vorliegende Beitrag in der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation (GIO) beschäftigt sich mit der Entstehung hybrider Arbeitsumgebungen für Wissensarbeiter. Durch die Covid19-Pandemie zeichnet sich zukünftig eine Koexistenz des Arbeitens im Büro und aus dem Homeoffice ab. Durch dieses hybride Arbeiten entstehen drei Herausforderungen für Unternehmen: eine veränderte Rolle des Bürogebäudes, veränderte Bedürfnisse der Nutzer des Büros und sich verändernde Arbeitsaktivitäten, die die kontinuierliche Anpassung von Arbeitsumgebungen notwendig machen. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Gestaltung einer New Work-Arbeitsumgebung anhand eines Fallbeispiels, welches diesen drei Herausforderungen begegnet. Diese werden jeweils vor dem Hintergrund bestehender wissenschafticher Erkenntnisse diskutiert. Es zeichnet sich ab, dass physische Büroumgebungen für hybrid arbeitende Mitarbeitende als Ort für Interaktion, Kollaboration und Unternehmenskultur eine zentrale Rolle spielen. Weiterhin werden Gestaltungsoptionen für Nutzerzentrierung und Partizipation in der Entstehungsphase sowie für eine kontinuierliche Anpassung im Regelbetrieb der Büroräume beschrieben. Der vorliegende Beitrag bereichert die bestehenden Erkenntnisse zur Auswirkung von Arbeitsumgebungen um einen tieferen Blick auf den Entstehungsprozess als solchem und bietet Organisationen Impulse zur Gestaltung hybrider Arbeitsumgebungen.
A Literature Review of Traumatic Brain Injury Biomarkers
Authors: Ghaith Hazem S. , Nawar Asmaa Ahmed , Gabra Mohamed Diaa , Abdelrahman Mohamed Essam , Nafady Mohamed H. , Bahbah Eshak I. , Ebada Mahmoud Ahmed , Ashraf Ghulam Md , Negida Ahmed , Barreto George E.
Published: May 2022

Research into TBI biomarkers has accelerated rapidly in the past decade owing to the heterogeneous nature of TBI pathologies and management, which pose challenges to TBI evaluation, management, and prognosis. TBI biomarker proteins resulting from axonal, neuronal, or glial cell injuries are widely used and have been extensively studied. However, they might not pass the blood-brain barrier with sufficient amounts to be detected in peripheral blood specimens, and further might not be detectable in the cerebrospinal fluid owing to flow limitations triggered by the injury itself. Despite the advances in TBI research, there is an unmet clinical need to develop and identify novel TBI biomarkers that entirely correlate with TBI pathologies on the molecular level, including mild TBI, and further enable physicians to predict patient outcomes and allow researchers to test neuroprotective agents to limit the extents of injury. Although the extracellular vesicles have been identified and studied long ago, they have recently been revisited and repurposed as potential TBI biomarkers that overcome the many limitations of the traditional blood and CSF assays. Animal and human experiments demonstrated the accuracy of several types of exosomes and miRNAs in detecting mild, moderate, and severe TBI. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive review of the traditional TBI biomarkers that are helpful in clinical practice. Also, we highlight the emerging roles of exosomes and miRNA being the promising candidates under investigation of current research.
Palaeoecological reconstructions of the Middle to Late Pleistocene occupations in the Southern Caucasus using rodent assemblages
Authors: Rey-Rodríguez Iván , López-García Juan Manuel , Stoetzel Emmanuelle , Denys Christiane , Arnaud Julie , Parfitt Simon , Fernández-Jalvo Yolanda , King Tania
Published: May 2022

Located at the crossroads between Africa, Europe and Asia, the Southern Caucasus is a prime location to study occupations byH. heidelbergensis,H. neanderthalensisand anatomically modern humans. Azokh Cave is an important site for the understanding of human evolution in its archaeological, palaeontological, environmental and ecological context. The main objective of this work is to use rodents to infer the climatic and environmental conditions that prevailed during the formation of the site. The small-mammal remains come from the archaeological excavation campaigns carried out in Azokh 1 in 2003, 2005, 2014, 2015 and 2018; they are from Unit V, Units III–IV and Unit II. The small-mammal assemblage is composed of at least 13 taxa: seven arvicoline, two cricetine, two gerbilline, one dipodid and one murine species. Units III–IV do not yield enough material to draw palaeoclimatic inferences. The palaeoclimatic conditions for Units V and II, ascertained by means of the bioclimatic model, suggest temperatures and precipitation similar to nowadays; the climate seems to be relatively warm-temperate in both units. The palaeoenvironmental reconstruction by means of habitat weighting points to an environment mainly composed of desert and steppe habitats, as well as portions of grassland and forest. This interpretation differs from that inferred from the large-mammal and archaeobotanical data, which indicate a woodland environment. These differences could be explained by the origin of the accumulation. There was no evidence of a major palaeoenvironmental or palaeoclimatic change between the Middle and Late Pleistocene layers, indicating favourable conditions throughout the study period.
Neuromuscular complications after COVID-19 vaccination: a series of eight patients
Authors: Leemans Wouter , Antonis Sofie , De Vooght Wouter , Lemmens Robin , Van Damme Philip
Published: May 2022

Background

Several neurologic complications have been reported in close temporal association with both severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, several cases of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) have been reported in temporal relationship with COVID-19 vaccination, with two small case series describing a specific phenotype with bifacial weakness and paresthesia in the limbs.

Methods

We retrospectively collected patients who developed a new-onset neuromuscular disorder in the first 6 weeks after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine (either first or second dose). The patients were collected from one tertiary care centre and one secondary care centre from February to July 2021.

Results

We report eight patients who developed phenotypically diverse neuromuscular disorders in the weeks following COVID-19 vaccination, with a presumed immune-mediated etiology. In our case series, we report three patients with classical GBS, one patient with bifacial weakness with paresthesia variant of GBS, two patients with subacute-onset chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP), one patient with brachial plexopathy and one patient with subacute axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy.

Conclusions

New-onset neuromuscular disorders with onset in the weeks after COVID-19 vaccination can include diverse phenotypes. A causal relationship between these disorders and the vaccine cannot be proven at present, and further epidemiological studies are needed to further investigate this association.
“Can you recommend a journal for my paper?”
Authors: Cate Olle ten
Published: May 2022

None
Deterioration of Oral Functions and Nutrition in Older Individuals
Authors: Iyota Kiyomi , Mizutani Shinsuke
Published: May 2022

Purpose of Review

Oral functions, which are responsible for feeding and swallowing, play a very important role in obtaining proper nutrition. Therefore, their deterioration could interfere with nutritional ingestion. This review investigated previous reports on the relationship between oral function deterioration and malnutrition.

Recent Findings

Reduced occlusal force, decreased tongue–lip motor function, decreased tongue pressure, decreased masticatory function, and deterioration of swallowing function have been found to be associated with malnutrition. On the other hand, consensus does not exist on whether oral dryness is associated with malnutrition. Prosthetic rehabilitation and oral function training are effective interventions for improving oral functions. However, malnutrition could not be addressed by prosthetic rehabilitation alone; it requires simultaneous management with prosthetic rehabilitation and nutritional guidance. Furthermore, it has been reported that data on whether oral function training, such as tongue strengthening training, could improve malnutrition are limited.

Partial deterioration of oral functions can cause malnutrition. Prosthetic rehabilitation and oral function training could be considered interventions for improving malnutrition, but numerous unclarified points about these methods remain. In the future, detailed research should be conducted to elucidate the causal relationship between deterioration of oral functions and malnutrition and to establish oral function interventions for improving malnutrition.
Tribo-informatics approaches in tribology research: A review
Authors: Yin Nian , Xing Zhiguo , He Ke , Zhang Zhinan
Published: May 2022

Tribology research mainly focuses on the friction, wear, and lubrication between interacting surfaces. With the continuous increase in the industrialization of human society, tribology research objects have become increasingly extensive. Tribology research methods have also gone through the stages of empirical science based on phenomena, theoretical science based on models, and computational science based on simulations. Tribology research has a strong engineering background. Owing to the intense coupling characteristics of tribology, tribological information includes subject information related to mathematics, physics, chemistry, materials, machinery, etc. Constantly emerging data and models are the basis for the development of tribology. The development of information technology has provided new and more efficient methods for generating, collecting, processing, and analyzing tribological data. As a result, the concept of “tribo-informatics (triboinformatics)” has been introduced. In this paper, guided by the framework of tribo-informatics, the application of tribo-informatics methods in tribology is reviewed. This article aims to provide helpful guidance for efficient and scientific tribology research using tribo-informatics approaches.
Iterative Bayesian Monte Carlo for nuclear data evaluation
Authors: Alhassan Erwin , Rochman Dimitri , Vasiliev Alexander , Hursin Mathieu , Koning Arjan J. , Ferroukhi Hakim
Published: May 2022

In this work, we explore the use of an iterative Bayesian Monte Carlo (iBMC) method for nuclear data evaluation within a TALYS Evaluated Nuclear Data Library (TENDL) framework. The goal is to probe the model and parameter space of the TALYS code system to find the optimal model and parameter sets that reproduces selected experimental data. The method involves the simultaneous variation of many nuclear reaction models as well as their parameters included in the TALYS code. The ‘best’ model set with its parameter set was obtained by comparing model calculations with selected experimental data. Three experimental data types were used: (1) reaction cross sections, (2) residual production cross sections, and (3) the elastic angular distributions. To improve our fit to experimental data, we update our ‘best’ parameter set—the file that maximizes the likelihood function—in an iterative fashion. Convergence was determined by monitoring the evolution of the maximum likelihood estimate (MLE) values and was considered reached when the relative change in the MLE for the last two iterations was within 5%. Once the final ‘best’ file is identified, we infer parameter uncertainties and covariance information to this file by varying model parameters around this file. In this way, we ensured that the parameter distributions are centered on our evaluation. The proposed method was applied to the evaluation of p+$$^{59}$$

59

Co between 1 and 100 MeV. Finally, the adjusted files were compared with experimental data from the EXFOR database as well as with evaluations from the TENDL-2019, JENDL/He-2007 and JENDL-4.0/HE nuclear data libraries.
Good and Evil in Recent Discussion
Authors: Noller Jörg
Published: May 2022

This paper develops a critical account of evil. By referring to Kant’s moral philosophy, I argue that evil actions have reasons and cannot be explained in terms of a lack of reason. However, these reasons of evil are not obvious but rather forms of rational self-deception. I therefore argue that the phenomenon of evil is complex and involves three dimensions: (i) activity, (ii) reasons, and (iii) (self-)deception.
Postdigital Learning for a Changing Higher Education
Authors: Ball Joan , Savin-Baden Maggi
Published: May 2022

This article draws upon the authors’ previous work on the opportunities and challenges learners face as they move into, through, and out of transitional learning spaces. The authors argue that equipping students to locate themselves with/in the tensions of learning is imperative, especially in postdigital learning environments. Teaching in ways that enable students to acknowledge their ‘will to learn’ and to understand that liminal learning can prompt distress and disjunction or the ability to think differently is discussed. This article begins by examining the relationship between the postdigital and the liminal, offers an Integrated Model of Transitional Learning Spaces, and presents different types of disjunctions. It then explores how learners navigate the liminal and concludes by arguing for a need to focus on postdigital learning and liminal learning in a changing higher education landscape.
Production of high-quality glass foam from soda lime glass waste using SiC-AlN foaming agent
Authors: El-Amir Ahmed A. M. , Attia Mohammed A. A. , Fend Thomas , Ewais Emad M. M.
Published: May 2022

This research presents the possibility of producing durable foam glasses from glass cullet using SiC/AlN foaming agent. The foaming agent generated by the SiC and AlN couple results in a more homogeneous microstructure and thus the emergence of foam glasses with better properties compared to the nitride foaming agent used alone in our previous work. The fabricated foam had a crack-free, 3-D cellular structure with macropores whose geometries varied between elliptical-, pentagonal-, and hexagonal-shaped constructions. It also had a lightweight (≥ 0.18 g/cm3), high cold crushing strength (≤ 4.5 MPa), low thermal conductivity (0.09–0.16 W/m K), and contained more than ~ 89 vol.% gas bubbles enclosed between 11 vol.% impervious glass walls. The properties accomplished by the foam prepared in this work conform with the requirements of international standard for commercial glass foams, demonstrating its strong capability to be utilized in potential applications in sustainable buildings and energy efficiency in industry.
Regularity Criterion for a Two Dimensional Carreau Fluid Flow
Authors: Díaz Palencia José Luis , Rahman S. , Khan M. , Yin Guang-Zhong
Published: May 2022

Carreau fluids are a source of research from both theoretical and applied approaches. They have been considered to model different non-newtonian phenomena such as blood flow, plasma and viscoeslastic materials. The purpose of this study is to develop the global regularity criteria for a Carreau fluid in two dimensions flowing in a strip. Firstly, a regularity criteria is shown for the initial set $$\left( u_{10},u_{20}\right) \in H^{1}\left( \Omega \right) $$

u
10

,

u
20

∈

H
1

Ω

where $$\Omega =\left[ 0,L\right] \times $$

Ω
=

0
,
L

×

$$\left[ 0,\infty \right) .$$

0
,
∞

.

Secondly, the analysis focuses on a regularity criteria when $$\left( u_{10},u_{20}\right) \in L^{4}\left( \Omega \right) $$

u
10

,

u
20

∈

L
4

Ω

and, lastly, similar results are obtained for $$\left( u_{10},u_{20}\right) \in H^{2}\left( \Omega \right) $$

u
10

,

u
20

∈

H
2

Ω

while the fluid velocity vertical component, $$u_2 (x,y)$$

u
2

(
x
,
y
)

, is such that $$\frac{\partial u_{2}}{\partial x}\in L^{4}\left( \Omega \right) $$

∂

u
2

∂
x

∈

L
4

Ω

and $$\left( \frac{\partial \nabla u_{2}}{\partial y},\Delta u_{2}\right) \in L^{2}\left( \Omega \right) $$

∂
∇

u
2

∂
y

,
Δ

u
2

∈

L
2

Ω

.
Philosophical Connections
Authors: Townsend Chris
Published: May 2022

Neoclassical and Romantic verse cultures are often assumed to sit in an oppositional relationship to one another, with the latter amounting to a hostile reaction against the former. But there are in fact a good deal of continuities between the two movements, ones that strike at the heart of the evolution of verse forms in the period. This Element proposes that the mid-eighteenth-century poet Mark Akenside, and his hugely influential Pleasures of Imagination, represent a case study in the deep connections between Neoclassicism and Romanticism. Akenside's poem offers a vital illustration of how verse was a rival to philosophy in the period, offering a new perspective on philosophic problems of appearance, or how the world 'seems to be'. What results from this is a poetic form of knowing: one that foregrounds feeling over fact, that connects Neoclassicism and Romanticism, and that Akenside called the imagination's 'pleasures'.
A Year of COVID-19 Pandemic Roller-Coaster: The Malta Experience, Lessons Learnt, and the Future
Authors: Cuschieri Sarah , Grech Stephan , Grech Victor
Published: May 2022

Objective:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a global impact. The study explores the various COVID-19 experiences in Malta over the past year and provides a snapshot of acute and post-acute COVID-19 symptoms, as well as national vaccination roll-out and hesitancy.

Methods:

Data on medical access, lifestyle habits, acute and post-acute COVID-19 symptoms, and vaccination hesitancy was gathered through a social media survey targeting adults of Malta. COVID-19 data were gathered from the Malta Ministry of Health COVID-19 dashboard.

Results:

Malta controlled COVID-19 spread exceptionally well initially. Since August 2020, the positivity rate, mortality, and hospital admission rates saw a fluctuating incline. From COVID-19 onset, a decrease in physical activity and an increase in body weight was reported. Most participants acquiring COVID-19 were asymptomatic but nontrivial proportion experienced post-acute symptoms. The majority opted to take the COVID-19 vaccine with only a minority expressing safety concerns.

Conclusions:

Malta has experienced roller coaster events over a year. The population faced elevated levels of morbidity, mortality, and economic hardship along with negative and positive risk-associated behaviors. Vaccination in combination with population adherence to social distancing, mask wearing, and personal hygiene are expected to be the beacons of hope in the coming months.
Predictive Ability of the MEWS, REMS, and RAPS in Geriatric Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Emergency Department
Authors: Özdemir Serdar , Algın Abdullah , Akça Hatice Şeyma , Altunok İbrahim , Kokulu Kâmil , Eroğlu Serkan Emre , Aksel Gökhan
Published: May 2022

Background:

The aim of this study was to compare the ability of the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), Rapid Emergency Medicine Score (REMS), and Rapid Acute Physiology Score (RAPS) to predict 30-d mortality in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection aged 65 y and over.

Methods:

This prospective, single-center, observational study was carried out with 122 volunteers aged 65 y and over with patients confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection according to the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test, who presented to the emergency department between March 1, 2020, and May 1, 2020. Demographic data, comorbidities, vital parameters, hematological parameters, and MEWS, REMS, and RAPS values of the patients were recorded prospectively.

Results:

Among the 122 patients included in the study, the median age was 71 (25th-75th quartile: 67-79) y. The rate of 30-d mortality was 10.7% for the study cohort. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for MEWS, RAPS, and REMS were 0.512 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.420-0.604; P = 0.910), 0.500 (95% CI: 0.408-0.592; P = 0.996), and 0.675 (95% CI: 0.585-0.757; P = 0.014), respectively. The odds ratios of MEWS (≥2), RAPS (>2), and REMS (>5) for 30-d mortality were 0.374 (95% CI: 0.089-1.568; P = 0.179), 1.696 (95% CI: 0.090-31.815; P = 0.724), and 1.008 (95% CI: 0.257-3.948; P = 0.991), respectively.

Conclusions:

REMS, RAPS, and MEWS do not seem to be useful in predicting 30-d mortality in geriatric patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection presenting to the emergency department.
A Case for Cross-Border Governance? A Comparative Trend Assessment of COVID-19 Transmission, Vaccination, and Outcomes Among 35 Nations in Europe Across 18 months
Authors: Cuschieri Sarah , Cuschieri Andrea , Farrugia Elysia , Diacono Emily , Balzan Elaine , Grupetta Miguel , Vella Alessia , Cutajar Catriona , Formosa Martina , Barbara Matthias , Mintoff Franziska , Shaw Conor , Fleri-Soler Samuel , Borg Norbert , Pace Gillian , Vella Lauren , Pisani Robert , Attard-mallia Tamara , Gouder Mattea , Attard Rosie , Grixti Nicole , Scicluna Mark , Borda Timothy , Bartolo Katya , Chircop Ruben , Degabrielle-Ferrante Etienne , Mallia Mariah , Attard Miguel , Frendo Naomi , Gatt Gianluca , Damato Greta , Riolo Nicole , Muscat-Baron Lorna , Galea Matteo , Grech Elizabeth
Published: May 2022

Objective:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread globally, including across Europe, resulting in different morbidity and mortality outcomes. The aim of this study was to explore the progression of the COVID-19 pandemic over 18 mo in relation to the effect of COVID-19 vaccination at a population level across 35 nations in Europe, while evaluating the data for cross-border epidemiological trends to identify any pertinent lessons that can be implemented in the future.

Methods:

Epidemiological data were obtained from European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and Our World in Data databases while Ministry of Health websites of each respective country and local newspapers were used for COVID-19-related vaccination strategies. Case, mortality, and vaccination incidence comparative analyses were made across neighboring countries.

Results:

Similar morbidity and mortality outcomes were evident across neighboring countries over 18 mo, with a bidirectional relationship evident between cumulative fully vaccinated population and case fatality rates.

Conclusion:

Countries’ COVID-19 outcome is related on national mitigative measures, vaccination rollouts, and neighboring countries’ actions and COVID-19 situations. Mass population vaccination appeared to be effective in reducing COVID-19 case severity and mortality rates. Vaccination equity and pan-European commitment for cross-border governance appear to be the way forward to ensure populations’ return to “normality.”
Responsibility for Sexual Injustices: Toward an Intersectional Account
Authors: Gilson Erinn Cunniff
Published: May 2022

Public discussion of sexual victimization has intensified within the US context and globally. One noteworthy feature of recent public discourse in the US is that it calls for a broadening of responsibility with respect to both the parties involved and the forms of sexual victimization for which people are held to account. Yet often the narratives about responsibility and practices of responsibility-taking that dominate in this discussion remain individualizing and penalizing. This essay takes stock of the myriad failures of responsibility for sexual injustices in these existing practices and narratives. The first section outlines four philosophical objections to common ways of thinking about responsibility. The second section extends these objections by analyzing the dominant neoliberal narrative framework for responsibility so as then to critique how responsibility is thought about and practiced in relation to sexuality. Finally, given the failures of these narratives and practices, the third section elaborates an alternative that can redress them: an intersectional feminist account of responsibility for sexual injustices that is nonpunitive and takes responsibility to be an intentional practice of altering social relations.
Maps meet myths: Understanding Jahai place naming through Geographical Information Systems
Authors: Villette Julia , Burenhult Niclas , Purves Ross S.
Published: May 2022

Placenames are seemingly universal, with the potential to reveal different systems of organizing information in everyday communication. We report on the relationship between placenames in Jahai, an indigenous language spoken by the Jahai people of the Malay Peninsula, and the environment. Our approach explores the tendency to organize names using a hierarchy of kinship associated with thecnεl,mythological entities in origin stories, which appears to map onto catchment areas. By associating linguistic data with these ethnographic inputs and geographical properties calculated in a Geographic Information System, we generate and make suggestions for productive ways of understanding placenames as systems.
Entrepreneurship through the lens of dynamic managerial capabilities: a review of the literature
Authors: George Nycil , Karna Amit , Sud Mukesh
Published: May 2022

In a Schumpeterian economic model, dynamic capabilities (DC) help entrepreneurial firms create competitive advantages. However, advancing the construct of DC in entrepreneurship is hampered by the incompatibility of some key assumptions in entrepreneurial ventures. In this paper, we propose that dynamic managerial capabilities (DMC), which builds upon the DC perspective by drawing attention to the role of managers, is a better alternative in analyzing entrepreneurship research. We find support for our ideas in a systematic analysis of extant research. Our review highlights the evolution of DMC literature in entrepreneurship and traces its dominant intellectual structures. In concurrent analysis, we highlight the limitations of utilizing DC. Additionally, we shed new light on the emergence of organizational capabilities, and present new avenues for future research.
Revision ofHistiodella labiosaBauer, 2010, and its inferred phylogeny in the evolution of the Middle Ordovician conodont genusHistiodellaHarris, 1962
Authors: Zhen Yong Yi , Bauer Jeffrey A. , Bergström Stig M.
Published: May 2022

Based on abundant topotype specimens from the Oil Creek Formation at the type locality in southern Oklahoma,Histiodella labiosais described and revised. The morphological variation of the Pa, Pb, and M elements of this previously little-known species is also systematically documented and illustrated. The revised species definition, with formal designation of a lectotype and a new diagnosis supported by morphological comparison with its ancestral and descendent species, has enhanced its value for correlation of the lower Darriwilian. The inferred phylogeny ofHistiodellathat resulted from this study is based on both cladistic and morphological analyses. It supports the monophyletic grouping ofHistiodellaspecies and their evolutionary relationships. This has wide biostratigraphic implications because manyHistiodellaspecies are valuable for detailed global correlation of upper Dapingian to middle Darriwilian strata.
ASPERÓ–MOTA ITERATION AND THE SIZE OF THE CONTINUUM
Authors: YORIOKA TERUYUKI
Published: May 2022

In this paper we build an Asperó–Mota iteration of length
$\omega _2$
that adds a family of
$\aleph _2$
many club subsets of
$\omega _1$
which cannot be diagonalized while preserving
$\aleph _2$
. This result discloses a technical limitation of some types of Asperó–Mota iterations.
Campaign Contributions and Roll-Call Voting in the U.S. House of Representatives: The Case of the Sugar Industry
Authors: GRIER KEVIN , GRIER ROBIN , MKRTCHIAN GOR
Published: May 2022

The question of whether campaign contributions buy roll-call votes is both important and contentious. Although researchers often find positive correlations between the two, it is difficult to conclude that these correlations are causal because interest groups may be simply giving to their supporters rather than attempting to change members’ voting behavior. In this paper we use a pair of votes on antisugar subsidy amendments to investigate the causal effects of contributions on voting. With multiple votes we can control for the supportiveness of the district or member by using fixed effects. We find strong evidence that changing contribution patterns caused significant changes in the probability that a district or member would vote to support the sugar industry (i.e., against the amendments). Our results hold in both district and incumbent fixed effects models and also when we redefine the time window for measuring relevant contributions.
Misperceptions about Immigration: Reviewing Their Nature, Motivations and Determinants
Authors: Lutz Philipp , Bitschnau Marco
Published: May 2022

Across Western democracies, immigration has become one of the most polarizing and salient issues, with public discourses and individual attitudes often characterized by misperceptions. This condition undermines people's ability to develop informed opinions on the matter and runs counter to the ideal of deliberative democracy. Yet, our understanding of what makes immigration so prone to misperceptions is still limited – a conundrum that this review seeks to answer in three steps. First, we take stock of the existing evidence on the nature of misperceptions about immigration. Secondly, we borrow from diverse bodies of literature to identify their motivational underpinnings and elaborate on how the protection of group identity, the defence of self-interest and security concerns can lead to distorted perceptions of immigration. Thirdly, we highlight relevant determinants of misperceptions at the level of both contextual influences and individual predispositions. We conclude that misperceptions about immigration are ubiquitous and likely to remain a key element of immigration politics.
Running on Empty: Fossil Fuels, Local Fuels, and Entangled Infrastructures in Colonial Senegal, 1885–1945
Authors: Cropper John
Published: May 2022

This article examines the history of energy use in colonial Senegal from 1885 to 1945, and it considers how African populations and French colonial officials built a colonial energy economy through overlapping and competing infrastructures of local and imported fuels, labor, and networks of transportation. As the colonial state constructed a new system of infrastructure, from railways and roads to trains and trucks, the French extended their reach into the interior and increased the production of cash crops. At the same time, peasant farmers, migrant workers, and urban merchants incorporated colonial infrastructures into their own regimes of energy use while also fashioning an infrastructure of locally produced fuels. Through the entanglement of local and colonial infrastructures and labor, as well as the appropriation of various forms of technology, Africans and their colonizers forged a hybrid colonial energy economy — not organic, not industrial — specific to the context of colonialism.
‘I especially loved the little Nana dancing on the balcony’: The emergence, formation, and circulation of chronotopes in mass-mediated communication
Authors: De Fina Anna
Published: May 2022

In this article I focus on the formation and evaluation of chronotopes in social media. More specifically, I analyze the case of a ‘chronotope of the balcony performance’ that emerged in Italy in 2020 during the Covid-19 lockdown. The corpus of the study is constituted by 125 top postings resulting from a Twitter search based on the words Italy, lockdown, and balcony. In line with other scholars (see Goebel 2020), I argue that chronotopes in mass-mediated environments are formed through repetition and recycling of the same or similar semiotic material. I show how in social media expanded participation and the use of trans-semiotic and trans-medial resources ensure wide circulation of images and texts. I also point to the central role of stance taking by users in the constitution of the chronotope as a cultural object, particularly through generalizations and upscaling. (Chronotopes, Covid-19, discourse circulation, stance, scales)*
Social exclusion and health outcomes among empty nest and non-empty nest older people in China
Authors: Feng Zhixin , Phillips David R.
Published: May 2022

Many existing studies lack a comprehensive picture of the social exclusion statuses and health outcomes of empty nesters and those empty nesters living alone or with a spouse only. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted on representative national data from the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey, focusing on respondents aged 60 and above (N = 7,923). Four dimensions of social exclusion (social relationships, subjective feeling of being excluded, social activities and financial products) and three health outcomes (self-reported health (SRH), activities of daily living (ADLs) and depression), were considered. Results show that ‘empty nest’ older people were more likely to be excluded from social relationships and to experience subjective feelings of being excluded, and were less likely to participate in social activities than non-empty nesters. Empty nesters were significantly less likely to report fair SRH and ADL difficulties than non-empty nesters, but they were more likely to report having depression than non-empty nesters. Among ‘empty nest’ older people, empty nesters who were living alone were associated with higher levels of being excluded from social relationships and to experience subjective feelings of being excluded than those who were living with a spouse only. Future research could focus on the development of age-friendly communities which act as health interventions to address relevant situations of social exclusion and depression among empty nesters.
L1 acquisition of the tense-aspect markers -ess (past-perfective) and -ko iss (imperfective) in Korean
Authors: RYU Ju-Yeon , SHIRAI Yasuhiro
Published: May 2022

This study investigated whether Korean children follow the acquisition pattern predicted by the Aspect Hypothesis (Shirai & Andersen, 1995), and the relationship between caretakers’ and children’s speech. Accordingly, we analyzed a Korean corpus (Ryu-Corpus) on the CHILDES database (MacWhinney, 2000), which comprised longitudinal video-recorded interactions of three Korean children and their caregivers. Results indicate that the children used the past marker -ess principally with telic verbs, consistent with the Aspect Hypothesis. Each child’s usage closely reflects the caretaker’s frequency, yielding a high correlation (τb = 0.79). However, the acquisition of the imperfective marker -ko iss did not show a predicted association with activity verbs, contrary to the Aspect Hypothesis. Furthermore, caretakers’ input did not correlate with the children’s utterances of the imperfective marker (τb = 0.40). We argue that multiple factors such as input frequency, language-specific organization of aspectual semantics, and individual differences should be considered to explain tense-aspect acquisition.