bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An asymptotic property of branching-type overloaded polling networks
Authors: Wang Yuejiao , Liu Zaiming , Chu Yuqing , Li Yingqiu
Published: December 2019

Remerova et al. [Random fluid limit of an overloaded polling model, Adv. Appl. Probab., 2014, 46, 76–101] studied the fluid asymptotics of the joint queue length process for an overloaded cyclic polling system with multigated service discipline by exploiting the connection with multi-type branching processes. In contrast to the heavy traffic behaviors, the cycle time of the overloaded polling system increases by a deterministic times over times under passage to the fluid dynamics and the fluid limit preserves some randomness. The present paper aims to extend the overloaded asymptotics in Remerova et al. [Random fluid limit of an overloaded polling model, Adv. Appl. Probab., 2014, 46, 76–101] to the corresponding polling system with general branching-type service disciplines and customer re-routing policy. A unifying overloaded asymptotic property is derived. Due to the exhaustiveness, the property is a natural extension of the classical polling model with multigated service discipline in Remerova et al. [Random fluid limit of an overloaded polling model, Adv. Appl. Probab., 2014, 46, 76–101] and provides new exact results that have not been observed before for rerouting policy. Additionally, a stochastic simulation is undertaken for the validation of the fluid limit and the optimization of the gating indexes to minimize the total population is considered as an example to demonstrate the usefulness of the random fluid limit.
What Simulations Teach Us About Ordinary Objects
Authors: Schwaninger Arthur C.
Published: December 2019

Under the label ofscientific metaphysics, many naturalist metaphysicians are moving away froma prioriconceptual analysis and instead seek scientific explanations that will help bring forward a unified understanding of the world. This paper first reviews how our classical assumptions about ordinary objects fail to be true in light of quantum mechanics. The paper then explores how our experiences of ordinary objects arise by reflecting on how our neural system operates algorithmically. Contemporary models and simulations in computational neuroscience are shown to provide a theoretical framework that does not conflict with existing fundamental physical theories, and nonetheless helps us make sense of the manifest image. It is argued that we must largely explain how the manifest image arises in algorithmic terms, so that we can pursue a metaphysics about ordinary objects that is scientifically well founded.
Evaluierung von Verfahren zur optischen Bestimmung von Gasgeschwindigkeiten
Authors: Dierks Sören , Kroll Andreas
Published: December 2019

In diesem Beitrag werden verschiedene Verfahren zur Bestimmung des optischen Flusses auf ihre Eignung zur Bestimmung von Gasgeschwindigkeiten untersucht. Dazu werden diese auf Differenzbilder einer Gaskamera angewandt, um eine mittlere Gasgeschwindigkeit zu bestimmen. In einer Messkampagne an einem Prüfstand werden die Verfahren charakterisiert und die Messunsicherheit wird abgeschätzt.
A Self-Made Man: Hard Times and the Dickensian Impostor
Authors: Schwanebeck Wieland
Published: December 2019

This essay examines the impostor trope within the works of Charles Dickens, focusing on the example of Josiah Bounderby, the villain of Hard Times (1854), in particular. As a product of the Victorian age’s obsession with character-building and the spirit of industriousness as epitomised in the work of Samuel Smiles, Bounderby not only embodies much of what Dickens found objectionable about utilitarian thought but also a number of tropes that were and remain crucial to the cultural imaginary of the United States (even though Hard Times only briefly alludes to America). As a charismatic rogue who tinkers with his own biography, Bounderby foreshadows the coming of the impostor in turn-of-the-century European literature, an aspect of Hard Times that has so far been overlooked in critical accounts of the novel.
Weimar Wallace: Three Early German Screen Adaptations of Novels by Edgar Wallace (1931–1934)
Authors: Kronshage Eike
Published: December 2019

The article analyzes three little-known films from the early 1930s which are based on novels by British crime thriller writer Edgar Wallace. It presents the films and their genre as a case study for crime cinema and politics in the transition from the Weimar Republic to Nazi Germany by contextualizing them within the rapidly changing film market after January 1933. The series of popular Weimar Wallace films ended abruptly with Hitler’s rise to power, which also put a stop to most of the country’s transnational cinema practices, including film adaptations of novels which were then considered as un-German.
Cooling the soft tissue site and its effect on perception of pain during infiltration and block anesthesia in children undergoing dental procedures: A comparative study
Authors: Bose Sagorika , Garg Nishita , Pathivada Lumbini , Yeluri Ramakrishna
Published: December 2019

Background. This study assessed the effect of cooling the soft tissue site on the perception of pain in children undergoing local anesthesia for routine dental procedures. Methods. One hundred children, 6‒14 years of age, were assigned to either of the two study groups, i.e., group 1 (infiltration) and group 2 (block anesthesia). One side of the arch served as the test side, where an ice pretreatment (IP) of the soft tissue of the injection site was carried out using a tube of ice for one minute, whereas the opposite side served as the control, where no ice pretreatment (WIP) was carried out. This was followed by the gradual injection of local anesthetic solution. The children’s pain perception was assessed by VAS, WB-FPRS and SEM scales. The data were analyzed statistically. Results. WBS, VAS and SEM scores were significantly different between the WIP and IP in both groups, indicating that ice was effective in reducing the pain perception in children. Intergroup comparison revealed no significant differences (P>0.05), indicating that cooling was equally effective in infiltration and block anesthesia. Conclusion. Cooling the soft tissue site helped decrease pain perception during injection in children.
Cyclic fatigue resistance of HyFlex EDM, Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold, and Twisted File Adaptive rotary files under different temperatures and ambient conditions
Authors: Gündoğar Mustafa , Özyürek Taha , Yılmaz Koray , Uslu Gülşah
Published: December 2019

Background. This study examined the effects of changes in temperature and environmental conditions on the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc Blue, HyFlex EDM, WaveOne Gold, and Twisted File Adaptive. Methods. Forty-five Reciproc Blue (25/.08), 45 HyFlex EDM (25/.08), 45 WaveOne Gold (25/.07), and 45 Twisted File Adaptive (25/.08) files were tested for cyclic fatigue at room temperature (20°C) in air and water and at body temperature (35°C) in water. All the instruments were rotated in artificial canals made of stainless steel with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, 60° angle of curvature and a radius of curvature of 5 mm until fracture occurred; the time to fracture was recorded in seconds, using a digital chronometer. Mann-Whitney U test was used for the statistical analysis of data, with SPSS 21.0. Results. Cyclic fatigue resistance was significantly higher in all the groups in water at an ambient temperature of 20°C compared with air and water at temperatures of 20°C and 35°C, respectively (P<0.05). The intragroup analysis revealed that HyFlex EDM had the highest cyclic fatigue resistance, followed by Reciproc Blue, WaveOne Gold, and Twisted File Adaptive in both air and water at 20°C (P<0.05). HyFlex EDM exhibited the highest cyclic fatigue resistance in water at 35°C, whereas there was no significant difference between the other groups (P>0.05). Conclusion. Within the limitations of the present study, an increase in the ambient temperature significantly decreased the cyclic fatigue resistance of the tested NiTi files.
Fracture resistance of roots enlarged with various rotary systems and filled with various sealers
Authors: İnce Yusufoglu Selen , Akman Melek , Akbulut Makbule Bilge , Ünverdi Eldeniz Ayce
Published: December 2019

Background. This in vitro study compared the fracture resistance of roots instrumented either with ProTaper or One Shape rotary systems and filled with one of the silicate, epoxy resin or silicone-based sealers. Methods. Sixty single-rooted extracted mandibular premolars were decoronated to a length of 13 mm and then randomly divided into two main groups (n=30) in terms of the rotary system used for preparation. Group 1 samples were instrumented with the ProTaper Universal system up to a master apical file of #F2, while samples in group 2 were enlarged with One Shape system. The two main groups were then divided into 3 subgroups in terms of the sealer used (n=10) and filled with gutta-percha (either F2 or MM-GP points) of the rotary system used and one of the sealers as follows: group 1, BioRoot RCS + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 2, AH Plus + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 3, GuttaFlow + ProTaper F2 gutta-percha; group 4, BioRoot RCS+ MM-GP points; group 5, AH Plus + MM-GP points; and group 6, GuttaFlow + MM-GP points. Each specimen then underwent fracture testing by using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1.0 mm/min until the root fractured. Data were statistically analyzed. Results. Two-way ANOVA showed no significant differences between the groups. One Shape instruments showed significantly better fracture resistance compared to ProTaper instruments. Statistically, no significant difference was found between AHPlus, GuttaFlow and BioRoot RCS sealers. Conclusion. It can be concluded that the rotary system used for the instrumentation of teeth has some influence on the fracture resistance, while the root canal sealers do not have such an effect.
Determining salivary and serum levels of iron, zinc and vitamin B12 in patients with geographic tongue
Authors: Khayamzadeh Mina , Najafi Shamsoulmolouk , Sadrolodabaei Parastoo , Vakili Faranak , Kharrazi Fard Mohammad Javad
Published: December 2019

Background. Benign migratory glossitis or geographic tongue, whose cause still remains a mystery, emerges as annular lesions on the dorsal surface of the tongue. Several reasons have been reported for this condition, including vitamin deficiencies, digestive disorders, emotional stress and nutritional deficiencies. In order to introduce an efficient treatment for the geographic tongue, the present study investigated the levels of iron, zinc and vitamin B12 in the blood and saliva. Methods. The present study evaluated 40 subjects. The oral disease specialists examined the patients in the Dental School, Tehran University International Campus and Mashhad Dental School. Accordingly, inclusion and exclusion criteria were used to enroll the patients. The blood and salivary samples were collected from the case and control groups. Finally, independent t-test was used to analyze the data. Results. Overall, 20 subjects suffered from geographic tongue. They consisted of 8 females and 12 males, with a mean age of 33.5±4.8 and age range of 19‒49 years. Moreover, the mean age and age range of the healthy subjects were 29.40±7.5 and 24‒25 years, respectively. It should be pointed out that the subjects were equally divided into 10 males and 10 females. There was no difference between other variables in the blood and saliva. Conclusion. The results showed that patients with geographic tongue had lower levels of salivary zinc, compared to the control group. Although iron and vitamin B12 affect the lingual papillae, their serum and salivary levels did not change.
Talent selection in youth football: Technical skills rather than general motor performance predict future player status of football talents
Authors: Sieghartsleitner Roland , Zuber Claudia , Zibung Marc , Charbonnet Bryan , Conzelmann Achim
Published: December 2019

Recommended multidimensional models for talent selection are difficult to implement for practitioners in the field. Furthermore, their application has not been established from a scientific point of view, with a lack of clarity concerning how to integrate manifold test results with respect to loading, interaction, and compensation phenomena. Consequently, the question of powerful single predictors for future player status are still of interest within talent research in order to determine promising content for less extensive selection procedures. The aim of the current study is an immediate comparison of the prognostic validity of two frequently used areas within talent selection in youth football: general motor performance (e.g., speed and endurance) and specific motor performance (i.e., technical skills). Participants completed four general and four specific motor performance tests at early adolescence (U13/U14, 133 players) and middle adolescence (U16/U17, 85 players). The area under the curve (AUC) from the receiver operating characteristic was used to compare the prognostic validity of both motor performance areas (predicting U20 player status: professional vs. non-professional). Although no comparison at the four different age levels led to a significant difference (.07 ≤ p ≤ .65), there was a continuous superiority of specific over general motor performance in descriptive AUC values. These descriptive differences reached relevant extent within early adolescence (ΔAUCU13 = .09; ΔAUCU14 =.14) and were partially accounted for by the influence of biological maturation. In line with theoretical considerations and earlier research, these results provide further evidence of the superiority of specific over general motor performance in predicting future player status. Until the applicability of multidimensional models is further established, specific motor performance rather than general performance should be included in less extensive talent selection models, especially in early adolescence.
Changes in motor competence over four decades in 10 to 14-year-old Austrian boys
Authors: Greier Klaus , Riechelmann Herbert , Ruedl Gerhard , Drenowatz Clemens
Published: December 2019

Background: Data on secular trends in motor competence in children and adolescents has been equivocal. While several studies have shown a decline in motor competence over the last several decades there is also research that showed no change or even an increase in motor competence in youth.Methods: Motor competence was assessed via 6 test items in 10- to 14-year-old Austrian boys in the years 1972, 1987 and 2015. At each measurement time participants performed 20m sprint, 800m run, sit ups, jump and reach, one-leg stand and stand and reach tests in the school gymnasium during regular school time. Data across measurement times was compared using weighted means across 5 age groups with pooled standard deviations.Results: Average performance on the 20m sprint, jump and reach test and one leg stand improved significantly (p<0.05) from 1972 to 2015 by 0.3 seconds, 3.9 cm and 3.5 seconds, respectively. Time for the 800m run increased significantly by 15% (p<0.01), indicating a decline in endurance. Flexibility, measured by the stand and reach test, also declined significantly (p=0.02) from 1972 to 2015. There was no significant difference in the number of sit ups performed at the 3 measurement times. Conclusion: Results of the present study do not show a general decline in motor competence in male middle-school students over the last 4 decades. Rather, secular trends differ by specific components contributing to overall motor competence with declines in flexibility and endurance but increases in power, speed and balance.
Intact Reinforcement Learning But Impaired Attentional Control During Multidimensional Probabilistic Learning in Older Adults
Authors: Daniel Reka , Radulescu Angela , Niv Yael
Published: December 2019

To efficiently learn optimal behavior in complex environments, humans rely on an interplay of learning and attention. Healthy aging has been shown to independently affect both of these functions. Here, we investigate how reinforcement learning and selective attention interact during learning from trial and error across age groups. We acquired behavioral and fMRI data from older and younger adults (male and female) performing two probabilistic learning tasks with varying attention demands. Although learning in the unidimensional task did not differ across age groups, older adults performed worse than younger adults in the multidimensional task, which required high levels of selective attention. Computational modeling showed that choices of older adults are better predicted by reinforcement learning than Bayesian inference, and that older adults rely more on reinforcement learning-based predictions than younger adults. Conversely, a higher proportion of younger adults' choices was predicted by a computationally demanding Bayesian approach. In line with the behavioral findings, we observed no group differences in reinforcement-learning related fMRI activation. Specifically, prediction-error activation in the nucleus accumbens was similar across age groups, and numerically higher in older adults. However, activation in the default mode was less suppressed in older adults in for higher attentional task demands, and the level of suppression correlated with behavioral performance. Our results indicate that healthy aging does not significantly impair simple reinforcement learning. However, in complex environments, older adults rely more heavily on suboptimal reinforcement-learning strategies supported by the ventral striatum, whereas younger adults use attention processes supported by cortical networks.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChanges in the way that healthy human aging affects how we learn to optimally behave are not well understood; it has been suggested that age-related declines in dopaminergic function may impair older adult's ability to learn from reinforcement. In the present fMRI experiment, we show that learning and nucleus accumbens activation in a simple unidimensional reinforcement-learning task was not significantly affected by age. However, in a more complex multidimensional task, older adults showed worse performance and relied more on reinforcement-learning strategies than younger adults, while failing to disengage their default-mode network during learning. These results imply that older adults are only impaired in reinforcement learning if they additionally need to learn which dimensions of the environment are currently important.
Integration of Motion and Form Cues for the Perception of Self-Motion in the Human Brain
Authors: Kuai Shu-Guang , Shan Zhou-Kui-Dong , Chen Jing , Xu Zhe-Xin , Li Jia-Mei , Field David T. , Li Li
Published: December 2019

When moving around in the world, the human visual system uses both motion and form information to estimate the direction of self-motion (i.e., heading). However, little is known about cortical areas in charge of this task. This brain-imaging study addressed this question by using visual stimuli consisting of randomly distributed dot pairs oriented toward a locus on a screen (the form-defined focus of expansion [FoE]) but moved away from a different locus (the motion-defined FoE) to simulate observer translation. We first fixed the motion-defined FoE location and shifted the form-defined FoE location. We then made the locations of the motion- and the form-defined FoEs either congruent (at the same location in the display) or incongruent (on the opposite sides of the display). The motion- or the form-defined FoE shift was the same in the two types of stimuli, but the perceived heading direction shifted for the congruent, but not for the incongruent stimuli. Participants (both sexes) made a task-irrelevant (contrast discrimination) judgment during scanning. Searchlight and ROI-based multivoxel pattern analysis revealed that early visual areas V1, V2, and V3 responded to either the motion- or the form-defined FoE shift. After V3, only the dorsal areas V3a and V3B/KO responded to such shifts. Furthermore, area V3B/KO shows a significantly higher decoding accuracy for the congruent than the incongruent stimuli. Our results provide direct evidence showing that area V3B/KO does not simply respond to motion and form cues but integrates these two cues for the perception of heading.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHuman survival relies on accurate perception of self-motion. The visual system uses both motion (optic flow) and form cues for the perception of the direction of self-motion (heading). Although human brain areas for processing optic flow and form structure are well identified, the areas responsible for integrating these two cues for the perception of self-motion remain unknown. We conducted fMRI experiments and used multivoxel pattern analysis technique to find human brain areas that can decode the shift in heading specified by each cue alone and the two cues combined. We found that motion and form cues are first processed in the early visual areas and then are likely integrated in the higher dorsal area V3B/KO for the final estimation of heading.
Resurgence of the “Japan Model”?
Authors: Sasada Hironori
Published: December 2019

One of the main focuses of the Abe administration’s foreign policy is overseas infrastructure development assistance. Evidence suggests that Japan has returned to its traditional approach to foreign aid, the “Japan model,” after an interval of a few decades. This article analyzes the international and domestic contexts behind the recent changes in Japan’s aid policy.
The Rise of India and Pakistan’s Perspective
Authors: Akhtar Nasreen , Jan Inamullah
Published: December 2019

The rise of India presents Pakistan with a stark choice between seeking accommodation and maintaining the conventional rivalry that has largely defined the relationship between the two countries. The national and international climate is less favorable to Pakistan than it was a few decades back. The gap in performance between India and Pakistan in vital areas of national life has greatly widened.
Information-theoretic Modeling of Perceived Musical Complexity
Authors: Sauvé Sarah A. , Pearce Marcus T.
Published: December 2019

What makes a piece of music appear complex to a listener? This research extends previous work by Eerola (2016), examining information content generated by a computational model of auditory expectation (IDyOM) based on statistical learning and probabilistic prediction as an empirical definition of perceived musical complexity. We systematically manipulated the melody, rhythm, and harmony of short polyphonic musical excerpts using the model to ensure that these manipulations systematically varied information content in the intended direction. Complexity ratings collected from 28 participants were found to positively correlate most strongly with melodic and harmonic information content, which corresponded to descriptive musical features such as the proportion of out-of-key notes and tonal ambiguity. When individual differences were considered, these explained more variance than the manipulated predictors. Musical background was not a significant predictor of complexity ratings. The results support information content, as implemented by IDyOM, as an information-theoretic measure of complexity as well as extending IDyOM's range of applications to perceived complexity.
Schistosomal extracellular vesicle‐enclosed miRNAs modulate host T helper cell differentiation
Authors: Meningher Tal , Barsheshet Yiftah , Ofir‐Birin Yifat , Gold Daniel , Brant Boris , Dekel Elya , Sidi Yechezkel , Schwartz Eli , Regev‐Rudzki Neta , Avni Orly , Avni Dror
Published: December 2019

During the chronic stage of Schistosoma infection, the female lays fertile eggs, triggering a strong anti‐parasitic type 2 helper T‐cell (Th2) immune response. It is unclear how this Th2 response gradually declines even though the worms live for years and continue to produce eggs. Here, we show that Schistosoma mansoni downregulates Th2 differentiation in an antigen‐presenting cell‐independent manner, by modulating the Th2‐specific transcriptional program. Adult schistosomes secrete miRNA‐harboring extracellular vesicles that are internalized by Th cells in vitro. Schistosomal miRNAs are found also in T helper cells isolated from Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes of infected mice. In T helper cells, the schistosomal miR‐10 targets MAP3K7 and consequently downmodulates NF‐κB activity, a critical transcription factor for Th2 differentiation and function. Our results explain, at least partially, how schistosomes tune down the Th2 response, and provide further insight into the reciprocal geographic distribution between high prevalence of parasitic infections and immune disorders such as allergy. Furthermore, this worm‐host crosstalk mechanism can be harnessed to develop diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for human schistosomiasis and Th2‐associated diseases.
PP2A‐B56 binds to Apc1 and promotes Cdc20 association with the APC/C ubiquitin ligase in mitosis
Authors: Fujimitsu Kazuyuki , Yamano Hiroyuki
Published: December 2019

Cell cycle progression and genome stability are regulated by a ubiquitin ligase, the anaphase‐promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C). Cyclin‐dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) has long been implicated in APC/C activation; however, the molecular mechanisms of governing this process in vivo are largely unknown. Recently, a Cdk1‐dependent phosphorylation relay within Apc3‐Apc1 subunits has been shown to alleviate Apc1‐mediated auto‐inhibition by which a mitotic APC/C co‐activator Cdc20 binds to and activates the APC/C. However, the underlying mechanism for dephosphorylation of Cdc20 and APC/C remains elusive. Here, we show that a disordered loop domain of Apc1 (Apc1‐loop500) directly binds the B56 regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and stimulates Cdc20 loading to the APC/C. Using the APC/C reconstitution system in Xenopus egg extracts, we demonstrate that mutations in Apc1‐loop500 that abolish B56 binding decrease Cdc20 loading and APC/C‐dependent ubiquitylation. Conversely, a non‐phosphorylatable mutant Cdc20 can efficiently bind the APC/C even when PP2A‐B56 binding is impeded. Furthermore, PP2A‐B56 preferentially dephosphorylates Cdc20 over the Apc1 inhibitory domain. These results indicate that Apc1‐loop500 plays a role in dephosphorylating Cdc20, promoting APC/C‐Cdc20 complex formation in mitosis.
Creación de Atlas Fotográficos de Botánica, Flora, Vegetación y Paisajes para la mejora del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en asignaturas de los grados de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales
Authors: Recio Criado Marta , Altamirano Jeschke María , Bañares España Elena , Cabezudo Artero Baltasar , Díez Garretas Blanca , Flores Moya Antonio , García Sánchez José , Hidalgo Triana Noelia , Lozano Torelli Inmaculada , Navarro del Águila Teresa , Pérez Latorre Andrés Vicente , Trigo Pérez Mª Mar , Salvo Tierra Ángel Enrique , Picornell Rodríguez Antonio
Published: December 2019

Se muestran los resultados obtenidos en dos Proyectos de Innovación Educativa de la Universidad de Málaga (PIE10-013 y PIE13-047), cuyos  principales objetivos fueron la creación de Atlas Virtuales de Prácticas de Botánica, Flora y Vegetación, y su aplicación práctica mediante cuestionarios de autoevaluación a través del Campus Virtual. Estos atlas están publicados en la web del Departamento de Biología Vegetal de esta universidad. El Atlas de Prácticas de Botánica consta de 10 carpetas, cada una de ellas correspondientes a diferentes grupos vegetales, y un total de 482 páginas de composición de imágenes fotográficas. Actualmente, el Atlas de Flora cuenta con más de 1000 fotografías, y en él se incluyen índices alfabéticos de taxones (775) y familias (111), cada uno de ellos con su correspondiente enlace a la página de imágenes. Constituye, por tanto, un rápido y práctico buscador de imágenes de plantas, avalado además por profesores universitarios con experiencia, por lo que presenta garantía y calidad científica. El Atlas de Vegetación cuenta con cerca de 500 páginas de imágenes fotográficas, repartidas en cuatro bloques: Bosques (137), Arbustedas y Matorrales (86), Comunidades riparias (67) y Otras comunidades (103). En cada uno de ellos se incluye un índice ordenado y numerado, con objeto de facilitar la búsqueda de determinadas formaciones vegetales, así como de conocer su identidad y clasificación. Se ha creado también Atlas de Paisajes Vegetales y Atlas de Angiospermas-Flores. Todos contribuyen de manera sustancial a mejorar el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en varias asignaturas de los grados de Biología y Ciencias Ambientales. Su uso y aplicación en pruebas de evaluación evita la sobrecarga de trabajo del profesorado.
¿Cuáles son los ámbitos de transversalidad educativa?
Authors: Rosales López Carlos
Published: December 2019

En este trabajo se analizan las características de la transversalidad educativa en una serie de ámbitos como la organización de contenidos de enseñanza, la planificación administrativa, el trabajo en los centros escolares y en las aulas, los recursos o medios educativos y los modelos de innovación.Se hace uso de una metodología basada en la reflexión sobre la realidad educativa actual en los niveles de educación infantil, primaria y secundaria y en el análisis de obras relevantes en el campo, así como de documentos y programas de carácter internacional y la legislación en un sentido histórico y administrativo, con estudio específico del tratamiento de los temas transversales en las leyes orgánicas correspondientes a las últimas décadas en nuestro país: LODE (1985), LOGSE (1990), LOE (2006) y LOMCE (2013).En la organización de contenidos se pone de relieve la necesidad de potenciar el trabajo interdisciplinar y en equipo, capaz de superar los límites de la organización disciplinar convencional. Respecto a la planificación administrativa, se subraya su carácter ambiguo y poco orientador, con mayor incidencia a  nivel de fines, principios y objetivos, pero no tanto de contenidos, con notables desequilibrios en el tratamiento de diversos temas.Se considera que el centro escolar puede plasmar en su proyecto educativo una planificación adaptada de los temas transversales. Y que el profesor, como profesional capacitado para conducir los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje, puede hacer realidad el desarrollo de los mismos en las tareas cotidianas del aula.Se propone que la innovación educativa en la enseñanza de los temas transversales combine el modelo descendente, promovido por la administración educativa, con el ascendente, constituido por iniciativas valiosas de profesores y centros y el horizontal, cuando instituciones y centros se coordinan y cooperan en proyectos que parten de necesidades comunes y asumen aspiraciones semejantes.
Trends in Trampoline Fractures: 2008–2017
Authors: Hadley-Miller Nancy , Carry Patrick M. , Brazell Christopher J. , Holmes Kaley S. , Georgopoulos Gaia
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVES:

In this study, we aim to evaluate the current trends in pediatric fractures related to trampolines.

METHODS:

The National Electronic Injury Surveillance System was queried for fractures occurring between 2008 and 2017 in individuals aged 0 to 17 years. Sex, anatomic region, locale of injury, admission status, and year of injury were recorded. Incidence rates were calculated by using national census data. Poisson regression analysis was used to test for changes in fracture incidence across the time period. Logistic regression analyses were used to test temporal trends in the odds of a fracture occurring at a place of recreation or sport and a patient with a fracture being admitted.

RESULTS:

Between 2008 and 2017, there was a 3.85% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.51–7.30) increase in the incidence of trampoline-related pediatric fractures per person-year. The incidence of pediatric trampoline-related fractures increased from 35.3 per 100 000 person-years in 2008 to 53.0 per 100 000 person-years in 2017. There was no change in the odds of a trampoline fracture requiring hospitalization (odds ratio per 1 year: 1.02; 95% CI: 0 6–1.07; P = .5431). There was a significant increase in the odds of a fracture occurring at a place of recreation or sport (odds ratio per year: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.21–1.43; P < .0001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Between 2008 and 2017, there was a significant increase in the national incidence of trampoline-related fractures. We identified a significant increase in the proportion of trampoline fractures that occurred at a place of recreation or sport. Advocacy campaigns should consider these sites in their prevention efforts.
DE LA EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL AL DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE: DESAFÍOS Y TENSIONES EN LOS TIEMPOS DEL CAMBIO CLIMÁTICO
Authors: Canaza-Choque Franklin Américo
Published: December 2019

El Cambio Climático (cc) se ha convertido, en cierta forma, en la alarma y emergencia de proporciones multidimensionales que atañe a agencias globales, gobiernos, empresas y sociedades enteras con el propósito único de atemperar sus efectos devastadores y de un desenfrenado mundo-consumo en términos insostenibles. Bajo esas circunstancias, el estudio pretende reanalizar la importancia de la Educación Ambiental (ea) y del Desarrollo Sostenible (ds) en tiempos de desajustes climáticos y de emergencia planetaria. Por ello, acentuar y cristalizar estas alternancias en los sistemas educativos supone, desde un primer momento, denotar una ea que construya una conciencia ecológica en ciudadanas y ciudadanos de las distintas  coordenadas del planeta. Como también, un ds que acoja los diferenciados  problemas y vectores remarcados en la Agenda 2030, que simultáneamente, reconfiguren los estereotipos de consumo y de desarrollo económico en la búsqueda  del balance entre la naturaleza y la especie humana, en especial, de volver a  reconectar a este último, con el primero.
Discursos en el Homenaje póstumo al profesor Edelberto Torres Rivas
Authors: Camacho Monge Daniel , Garita Bonilla Nora , Cordero Ulate Allen , Fernández Lépiz Cinthya , Tremiño Sánchez Ilka , Rovira Mas Jorge
Published: December 2019

Discursos en el Homenaje póstumo al profesor  Edelberto Torres RivasDr. Honoris Causa Universidad de Costa RicaEx-secretario General de FlacsoEscuela de SociologíaSecretaria General flacsoFacultad de Ciencias Sociales31/01/2019
Mulheres na genealogia de Jesus: uma história de marginalização e transgressão
Authors: Xavier Liniker
Published: December 2019

O evangelho de Mateus apresenta a genealogia de Jesus repleta de particularidades, sendo a principal delas a inserção de cinco mulheres no texto. A participação delas de forma destacada em uma linhagem é algo incomum. O que torna o episódio ainda mais excepcional é o fato de que todas as quatro mulheres que antecedem Maria possuem graves questões morais em suas biografias, todas ligadas a questão sexual. Tamar, que engravidou de Judá, seu sogro; Raabe, a prostituta cananéia; Rute, que seduziu a Boaz; Betsabéia, a mulher de Urias que, antes de tornar-se esposa, foi amante do rei Davi; e, finalmente, Maria, a virgem que engravida por obra do Espírito Santo. São mulheres marginalizadas e transgressoras participando da linhagem do messias em um texto escrito especialmente para o judeu que cria em Jesus como Filho de Deus.
A marginalidade dos estudos de gênero nas Ciências da Religião
Authors: Moreira Priscila Neves
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo origina-se da experiência da autora, enquanto mestranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência da Religião. Através de uma breve revisão bibliográfica, constata-se que os autores utilizados como referenciais clássicos na disciplina de Introdução em Ciências da Religião são apenas do sexo masculino e não utilizam da categoria de gênero na análise dos fenômenos religiosos. Utilizando das reflexões propostas por pesquisadoras da área de gênero e religião, busca-se refletir sobre a marginalidade de tais estudos nas Ciências em geral e especificamente nas Ciências da Religião. Finalmente, acredita-se que essa breve pesquisa possa contribuir para uma escolha de bibliografia mais igualitária e crítica no que diz respeito à Introdução em Ciências da Religião.
Plasma Catalysis: A Review of the Interdisciplinary Challenges Faced
Authors: Hinde Peter , Demidyuk Vladimir , Gkelios Alkis , Tipton Carl
Published: December 2019

The work presented here introduces the topic of plasma catalysis through selected work in scientific literature and commercial applications, as well as identifying some of the key challenges faced when attempting to utilise non-thermal atmospheric plasma catalysis across multidisciplinary boundaries including those of physics, chemistry and electrical engineering. Plasma can be generated by different methods at many energy levels and can initiate chemical reactions; the main challenges are to selectively initiate desirable reactions either within a process stream or at the surface of a material. The material, which may have intrinsic catalytic properties, the nature of the process gas and the geometry of the reactor will influence the products formed. Previous work has shown that the mechanism for plasma-initiated reactions can be different to that occurring from more traditional thermally stimulated reactions, which opens up possibilities of using different catalytic materials to optimise the reaction rate and product speciation. In addition, the influence of a plasma at the surface of a material and the effects that can be introduced will be discussed.
Subtype-Guided 18F-FDG PET/CT in Tailoring Axillary Surgery Among Patients with Node-Positive Breast Cancer Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Wu Siyu , Wang Yujie , Li Jianwei , Zhang Na , Mo Miao , Klimberg Suzanne , Kaklamani Virginia , Cochet Alexandre , Shao Zhiming , Cheng Jingyi , Liu Guangyu
Published: December 2019

Background

The purpose of this study was to investigate the value of 18[F]-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in tailoring axillary surgery by predicting nodal response among patients with node-positive breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Methods

One hundred thirty-three patients with breast cancer with biopsy-confirmed nodal metastasis were prospectively enrolled. 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was performed before NAC (a second one after two cycles with baseline maximum standardized uptake value [SUVmax] ≥2.5), and a subset of patients underwent targeted axillary dissection (TAD). All the patients underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The accuracy was calculated by a comparison with the final pathologic results.

Results

With the cutoff value of 2.5 for baseline SUVmax and 78.4% for change in SUVmax, sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT scans demonstrated a sensitivity of 79.0% and specificity of 71.4% in predicting axillary pathologic complete response with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.75 (95% confidence interval, 0.65–0.84). Explorative subgroup analyses indicated little value for estrogen receptor (ER)-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive patients (AUC, 0.55; sensitivity, 56.5%; specificity, 50.0%). Application of 18F-FDG PET/CT could spare 19 patients from supplementary ALNDs and reduce one of three false-negative cases in TAD among the remaining patients without ER-negative/HER2-positive subtype.

Conclusion

Application of the subtype-guided 18F-FDG PET/CT could accurately predict nodal response and aid in tailoring axillary surgery among patients with node-positive breast cancer after NAC, which includes identifying candidates appropriate for TAD or directly proceeding to ALND. This approach might help to avoid false-negative events in TAD.
PISA design model for monopiles for offshore wind turbines: application to a marine sand
Authors: Burd Harvey J. , Taborda David M. G. , Zdravković Lidija , Abadie Christelle N. , Byrne Byron W. , Houlsby Guy T. , Gavin Kenneth G. , Igoe David J. P. , Jardine Richard J. , Martin Christopher M. , McAdam Ross A. , Pedro Antonio M. G. , Potts David M.
Published: December 2019

This paper describes a one-dimensional (1D) computational model for the analysis and design of laterally loaded monopile foundations for offshore wind turbine applications. The model represents the monopile as an embedded beam and specially formulated functions, referred to as soil reaction curves, are employed to represent the various components of soil reaction that are assumed to act on the pile. This design model was an outcome of a recently completed joint industry research project – known as PISA – on the development of new procedures for the design of monopile foundations for offshore wind applications. The overall framework of the model, and an application to a stiff glacial clay till soil, is described in a companion paper by Byrne and co-workers; the current paper describes an alternative formulation that has been developed for soil reaction curves that are applicable to monopiles installed at offshore homogeneous sand sites, for drained loading. The 1D model is calibrated using data from a set of three-dimensional finite-element analyses, conducted over a calibration space comprising pile geometries, loading configurations and soil relative densities that span typical design values. The performance of the model is demonstrated by the analysis of example design cases. The current form of the model is applicable to homogeneous soil and monotonic loading, although extensions to soil layering and cyclic loading are possible.
KUZEY AFRİKA’DA BİR BAĞIMSIZLIK MÜCADELESİ ANALİZİ: POLİSARİO CEPHESİ VE SAHRA ARAP DEMOKRATİK CUMHURİYETİ (SADC)
Authors: CANER Cantürk , ŞENGÜL Betül
Published: December 2019

Bugün Afrika Kıtasının son sömürge coğrafyası olarak bilinen Batı Sahra sorunu yüzyılı aşkın bir süredir dünya kamuoyundaki yerini sessizce korumaktadır. Yaklaşık iki yüzyıl boyunca İspanyollar, ardından da Fas hükümeti tarafından ilhak edilmek istenen bölge, halen dünyanın çözülememiş jeopolitik sorunlarından birisidir. Batı Sahra’nın bağımsızlığı Polisario Cephesi liderliğinde yetmişli yıllardan bu yana örgütlü olarak yürütülmektedir. BM tarafından kendisini idare edemeyen topraklar olarak tanımlanmasına karşın; de facto biçimde onlarca devlet tarafından tanınan ve Afrika Birliği’nin tam üyesi olan Sahra Arap Demokratik Cumhuriyeti (SADC), Polisario Cephesinin başarısını gösteren en somut aşamadır. Polisario Cephesi’nin yürüttüğü bağımsızlık mücadelesi esasen 20. yüzyılda örneğine az rastlanan bir mücadele biçimidir. Ülkemiz gündeminde tam olarak bilinmemekle birlikte Batı Sahra’da yaşanan gelişmeler, uluslararası ilişkiler yazını bakımından göz ardı edilmemesi gereken bir konudur. İşte bu çalışma Batı Sahra’da yaşanan bağımsızlık sorununu tarihsel açıdan ele almakta ve Polisario Cephesi’nin ulus devlet kurma yolundaki çabalarını siyasal, yapısal ve hukuksal çerçevelerde, tarihi boyutlarıyla ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır.
TURKEY’S CHANGING SECURITY ENVIRONMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF TURKISH FOREIGN POLICY
Authors: AKNUR Müge , DURMUŞLAR Tuğcan
Published: December 2019

Turkey’s security-oriented foreign
policy during the 1990s, which changed dramatically by the 2000s towards a more
liberal mode and which can also be considered as the “Europeanization of
Turkish foreign policy”, returned to its re-securitized phase in the 2010s by
resorting to hard power. This article aims at explaining this reversal by
analysing changes in the intensity of Turkey’s internal and external threats.
In this analysis, it will mainly concentrate on the ongoing civil war in Syria,
as an enabling factor for the revival of PKK terror in Turkey and terrorist
attacks from ISIS. Consequently, the unstable political and security environment
surrounding the South-eastern borderline of Turkey has led to the use of hard power
in national foreign policy. In contrast with the previous decade, the use of military
power has become inevitable in the pursuit of national security interests
against intra-country and cross-border terror threats.
THE EFFECT OF OXIDATION ON SAGO STARCH AND ITS APPLICATION AS EDIBLE FILM
Authors: Sondari Dewi , Triwulandari Evi , Ghozali Muhammad , Sampora Yulianti , Iltizam Imad , Masruchin Nanang
Published: December 2019

THE EFFECT OF OXIDATION ON SAGO STARCH AND ITS APPLICATION AS EDIBLE FILM. The oxidation reaction with hydrogen peroxide in sago starch can influence the proximate test value, physicochemical properties and edible film properties. The hydrogen peroxide formula for starch modifica- tion is 1, 2, 3 and 4%. The presence of hydrogen peroxide increases the physicochemical properties of sago starch so that the quality of modified sago starch is better than pure sago starch. Glycerol is used to improve film flexibility in the manufacture of edible coatings. The characterization of edible film includes water content, contact angle and elongation. Edible film from modified sago starch shows lower water content compared to pure sago starch films. The oxidation effect of H2O2 on edible film results in changes in the hydrophilic properties including the contact angle. Edible film of pure sago starch shows a lower contact angle value. The hydrophilic nature of edible film decreases in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The high hydrophobicity of the modified sago starch film is caused by the role of carboxyl groups in the starch molecule chain.
MICRO-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 57Fe15Cr25Ni0.32Mn0.96Si AUSTENITE STEEL AFTER 850°C-5H TEMPERATURE-QUENCHING TREATMENTS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIAL APPLICATIONS
Authors: Parikin Parikin , Rudi Rudi , Sumaryo Sumaryo , Ahda S
Published: December 2019

MICRO-CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF 57Fe15Cr25Ni0.32Mn0.96Si AUSTENITE STEEL AFTER 850°C-5H TEMPERATURE-QUENCHING TREATMENTS FOR HIGH TEMPERATURE MATERIAL APPLICATIONS. A serial austenite stainless steel, namely A2-type, has been synthesized by using casting technique at temperature more than 1250 °C in the induction furnace that used an electromagnetic inductive-thermal system. The steel is dedicated for structural component material in multi-purpose applications such as in high-temperature operating environments. So, the material must be resistant to mechanical loads, high temperature, corrosion and irradiation. In order to increase the strength of materials, temperature-quenching treatments are required in some cooling media. Mineral element was extracted from crude ores of Indonesian mines and commercial scrap materials, i.e: ferro scrap, ferro chrome, nickel, manganese, and ferro silicon; all of them in granular shape were prepared to alloy the steel. Titanium was not added to this austenite low carbon steel. The OES-chemical composition in %wt of the materials is 57%Fe, 15%Cr, 25%Ni, 0.34%C and less than 0.1% of impurities that comprised of: titanium, phosphor, copper, niobium and sulphur elements in the steel. X-ray diffraction pattern shows that ascast material had an fcc crystal structure with lattice parameter of 3.632 Å. Meanwhile, two of samples, i.e: annealing and oil quench, have strictly similar lattice parameter to that of air (normalizing) quench (3.580 Å). On the other hand, the lattice parameter of water quenched samples has a slightly lower lattice parameter than the ascast lattice , i.e. 3.587 Å. The peak shift of (111) and (200) -plane in the diffraction profile, is very significant, approximately 0.63 degrees between ascast sample and the last two samples. Ascast microstructure reveals that the austenite phase grains look large and describe an undeformed structure, with an average grain size of about 6 mm, while the annealed sample was larger. Air- and oil- quenched sample microstructures showed a fine grain which was very different to water quenched sample microstructure that showed a coarse grain. The viscousity (h) of the quenching medium had an important role in the formation of grain boundary, because the rate of decreasing temperature was heavily influenced by the diffusion of heat from the high to low temperature spaces.