bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Personality of an Employee-Patriot of the Internal Affairs Bodies and its Scientific and Pedagogical Interpretation
Authors: Mangasarova Lyudmila Anatolevna
Published: December 2022

The article describes three stages of the research of the scientific and pedagogical essence of patriotism as an integrative quality of the personality of an employee of the internal affairs bodies: theoretical analysis of the works of domestic scientists; empirical research of the opinions of the focus group; system modeling of the purpose of patriotic education. The article presents the modeling of the purpose of patriotic education of an employee of the Department of Internal Affairs as a system that includes citizenship, professionalism, cultural, spiritual and socio-moral qualities. The analysis of the results of the study indicates the need for diagnosis and formation in the personal-developing professional environment of the inherent qualities of the personality of the police officer – patriot, characterizing the highest level of its development in the manifestation of active self-realization for the benefit of the Fatherland. The object of the study is the personality of an employee of the internal affairs bodies as a patriot. The purpose of the study: a comprehensive study and scientific and pedagogical interpretation of the personality of an employee
A casa das mulheres n’outro terreiro: famílias matriarcais em Salvador
Authors: Hita Maria Gabriela
Published: December 2022

A obra resulta de pesquisas realizadas no bairro Nordeste de Amaralina entre os anos de 1992 e 2003 em duas extensas redes de parentesco matriarcais chefiadas por duas avós e gira em torno de relações que expressão a díade Mãe-Filhos. A autora narra minuciosamente a história de duas senhoras afrodescendentes convidando o leitor a acompanhar cada trajetória da vida das personagens reais que integram o livro, mostrando as duras condições estruturais enfrentadas, desde a lenta ascensão socioeconômica dessas famílias que passam por obstáculos de viuvez, desemprego e violência doméstica até a criatividade das estratégias forjadas para enfrentá-las como o amor, a raiva, a luta, e a esperança.
Intuitionistic fuzzy interpretations of formula (A → B) → ((¬A → B) → B)
Authors:   Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Sofia University, Angelova Nora , Čunderlíková Katarína ,   Mathematical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Szmidt Eulalia ,   Systems Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences,   Warsaw School of Information Technology, Atanassov Krassimir ,   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2022

One of the essential formulas of the classical mathematical logic is (A → B) → ((¬A → B) → B). In the present paper, its intuitionistic fuzzy interpretation is introduced, and lists of all defined intuitionistic fuzzy implications that satisfy it as a tautology and an intuitionistic fuzzy tautology are given.
Emergent color categorization in a neural network trained for object recognition
Authors: de Vries Jelmer P , Akbarinia Arash , Flachot Alban , Gegenfurtner Karl R
Published: December 2022

Color is a prime example of categorical perception, yet it is unclear why and how color categories emerge. On the one hand, prelinguistic infants and several animals treat color categorically. On the other hand, recent modeling endeavors have successfully utilized communicative concepts as the driving force for color categories. Rather than modeling categories directly, we investigate the potential emergence of color categories as a result of acquiring visual skills. Specifically, we asked whether color is represented categorically in a convolutional neural network (CNN) trained to recognize objects in natural images. We systematically trained new output layers to the CNN for a color classification task and, probing novel colors, found borders that are largely invariant to the training colors. The border locations were confirmed using an evolutionary algorithm that relies on the principle of categorical perception. A psychophysical experiment on human observers, analogous to our primary CNN experiment, shows that the borders agree to a large degree with human category boundaries. These results provide evidence that the development of basic visual skills can contribute to the emergence of a categorical representation of color.
Tenotomy-induced muscle atrophy is sex-specific and independent of NFκB
Authors: Meyer Gretchen A , Thomopoulos Stavros , Abu-Amer Yousef , Shen Karen C
Published: December 2022

The nuclear factor-κB (NFκB) pathway is a major thoroughfare for skeletal muscle atrophy and is driven by diverse stimuli. Targeted inhibition of NFκB through its canonical mediator IKKβ effectively mitigates loss of muscle mass across many conditions, from denervation to unloading to cancer. In this study, we used gain- and loss-of-function mouse models to examine the role of NFκB in muscle atrophy following rotator cuff tenotomy – a model of chronic rotator cuff tear. IKKβ was knocked down or constitutively activated in muscle-specific inducible transgenic mice to elicit a twofold gain or loss of NFκB signaling. Surprisingly, neither knockdown of IKKβ nor overexpression of caIKKβ significantly altered the loss of muscle mass following tenotomy. This finding was consistent across measures of morphological adaptation (fiber cross-sectional area, fiber length, fiber number), tissue pathology (fibrosis and fatty infiltration), and intracellular signaling (ubiquitin-proteasome, autophagy). Intriguingly, late-stage tenotomy-induced atrophy was exacerbated in male mice compared with female mice. This sex specificity was driven by ongoing decreases in fiber cross-sectional area, which paralleled the accumulation of large autophagic vesicles in male, but not female muscle. These findings suggest that tenotomy-induced atrophy is not dependent on NFκB and instead may be regulated by autophagy in a sex-specific manner.
НОВЫЕ ДАННЫЕ О СТРОЕНИИ БЕГЛИЦКОЙ КОСЫ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Матишов Г.Г. , Польшин В.В. , Титов В.В. , Григоренко К.С. , Сушко К.С. , Мисиров С.А.
Published: December 2022

С целью изучения механизмов и факторов образования и трансформации кос Азовского моря, а также разработки средств и подходов для создания прогнозов дальнейшего развития его прибрежной зоны в связи с изменением уровневого режима и климата летом 2022 г. были проведены полевые исследования на северном побережье Таганрогского залива. На Беглицкой косе и прилегающем участке акватории Азовского моря было осуществлено бурение скважин с отбором керна, изучение почвенного покрова, вдольбереговых течений и термохалинной структуры прибрежных вод. По результатам бурения 9 скважин глубиной от 5,5 до 9,8 м изучены геологические разрезы, в нижних частях которых залегают известняки-ракушечники среднего сармата. Полевые исследования почвенного покрова Беглицкой косы подтверждают развитие негативных процессов дегумификации, характерных для приазовской природно-сельскохозяйственной зоны Ростовской области, к которой относится и побережье Таганрогского залива. Состав отложений береговых валов Беглицкой косы объясняется различиями литодинамических условий транспортировки осадочного материала. Приведены новые данные высокоточного измерения отметок высот поверхности рельефа по продольному профилю, проложенному от основания к дистальному участку косы. Проанализированы новые данные по температуре, солености, скоростям течений прибрежных вод. Наблюдения, проведенные на гидрологических станциях, позволили выстроить предположительную схему современной литодинамики Беглицкой косы.
Biodegradation and Impact of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Environment: A Review
Authors: Onwujekwe Emmanuel C. , Ogbonna James C. , Eze Chibuzor C. , Eze Chijioke N.
Published: December 2022

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are chemical substances that are produced from natural sources such as volcanic eruptions and from anthropogenic sources such as incomplete combustion of fuels such as coal, oil, gas and waste materials. They are mostly implicated among numerous toxic compounds in the ecological system. Exposure of such organic pollutants in an environment can endanger animals, plants, microbial, soil, and aquatic lives. Human beings are at a high risk of developing cancers due to pollutants exposure. The existence of such pollutants in the surroundings can endanger microbial life by affecting cell growth, shape and metabolic process, alters genetic composition and membranes of microbial cells. The major routes of microbial degradation of organic pollutants are via growth and co-metabolism. The processes enable microorganisms to metabolize toxic compounds in the cells milieu, so as to transform contaminants into harmless forms such as carbon dioxide and water. Bioremediation remains the safest and eco-friendly means of converting toxic environment to a harmless state. This review seeks to provide an overview of biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the adverse effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons compounds in the environment.
Prevalence and Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus Antigenemia among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Some Hospitals in Bauchi Metropolis
Authors: Iliyasu M. Y. , Sahal M. R. , Inusa T. , Ismail S. , Umar R. D. , Tahir H. , Kabeer Z. M. , Musa H. S. , Isah N. A. , Mikaeel U. A.
Published: December 2022

Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a significant public health problem in the world and is more common among most vulnerable individuals such as pregnant women in developing countries.

Design and Duration: This is a cross-sectional study involving pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in some hospitals in the Bauchi metropolis, from January 2021 to February 2022.

Aim: The aim of this study is, therefore, to assess the seroprevalence and determinants of the hepatitis B virus among pregnant women attending some hospitals in Bauchi Metropolis, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: A total of 394 blood specimens were collected from the fingertip of the randomly selected pregnant women. A structured questionnaire was administered and interviews were conducted for data collection. The participants were screened for HBsAg status by the rapid diagnostic test.

Results: The overall prevalence of the disease was 11.7% (46 of 394). The infection was more common (39.1%) among the women in the 31 to 35 years age group, followed by 23.9% (26-30) years. The majority are married (67.4%), business owners (30.4%), then civil servants (26.1%), and had attended tertiary education (52.1%). The highest frequency (63.0%) was found among the antenatal women at primiparous and mainly (50%) started visiting in the 3rd trimester, with 2 children as the highest number of live births (45.7%). Risk factors analysis revealed that most of the women positive (78.3%) have no history of previous surgery, or blood transfusion (61.20%). but 52.2% are co-infected with HIV/AIDS.

Conclusion: This study found a relatively low prevalence of HBV infection (11.7%) among pregnant women in this area, but it was very high, especially among the unvaccinated and those co-infected with HIV.
Urgent Need for Next-Generation COVID-19 Vaccines
Authors: Marks Peter W. , Gruppuso Philip A. , Adashi Eli Y.
Published: December 2022

This Viewpoint argues that the development of a distinctly improved generation of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines is paramount to offering a greater breadth and depth of protection for a longer duration against COVID-19 disease.
Bioengineering Bone‐on‐a‐Chip Model Harnessing Osteoblastic and Osteoclastic Resolution
Authors: Erbay Ibrahim Halilullah , Polatli Elifsu , Koç Ali Can , Özbilgiç Resul , Karaman Ozan , Güven Sinan
Published: December 2022

Organ‐on‐a‐chip (OoC) systems allow the generation of microphysiological tissue models that can recapitulate key biological processes in healthy and diseased states. OoC bone models provide valuable tools to study cross‐cellular interactions that take place in bone‐related processes. Although few bone‐on‐a‐chip models have been proposed, structural and biological hierarchy to establish a functional unit is often lacking. Herein, a functional OoC‐based 3D bone co‐culture model is reported. This model comprises a highly porous β‐tricalcium phosphate (TCP) based scaffold that is seeded with primary osteoblast and osteoclast precursors. This engineered construct is formed and cultured dynamically inside an OoC platform for up to 21 days and exhibits a dense extracellular matrix (ECM). Further, cultured constructs are ectopically implanted in C57BL/6 mice for 8 weeks, then histological and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) analyses are carried out. These results demonstrate that both bone deposition and resorption processes are present in the bioengineered model. This study also has implications for understanding complex cellular cross‐talks occurring in the bone remodeling process.
Surface Topography and Biocompatibility of cp–Ti Grade2 Fabricated by Laser‐Based Powder Bed Fusion: Influence of Printing Orientation and Surface Treatments
Authors: Petrusa Jelena , Meier Benjamin , Grünbacher Gerda , Waldhauser Wolfgang , Eckert Jürgen
Published: December 2022

The selective laser melting process, commonly known as laser‐based powder bed fusion (LB‐PBF), enables the production of structures with unprecedented degrees of freedom that represents an excellent condition for development of metallic implants for biomedical applications. Herein, the effects of laser energy density on relative density and microstructure (presence of internal defects) of cp‐TiGd2 fabricated by LB‐PBF are studied. Additionally, the influence of printing orientation and different surface treatments on surface topography and biocompatibility are investigated. The aim of the research is to develop additive manufacturing process parameters that can achieve full density of cp‐TiGd2 with satisfactory biocompatibility, as a low‐cost alternative to biomedical materials such as Ti–6Al–4 V and Ti–6Al–7Nb. A wide range variation of process parameters leads to an optimized process with high density up to 99.97 ± 0.008%, improved surface roughness, and noncytotoxicity in horizontal and inclined as‐built condition, as well as in Al2O3 (blasting angle 0°) condition.
Adjusting the Redox Coupling Effect via Li/Co Anti‐Site Defect for Stable High‐Voltage LiCoO2 Cathode
Authors: Kong Weijin , Zhou Dong , Zhang Qinghua , Wong Deniz , An Ke , Schulz Christian , Zhang Nian , Zhang Jicheng , Liu Xiangfeng
Published: December 2022

High‐voltage LiCoO2 (LCO) is pressingly required for the portable electronics. But the O→Co charge transfer and the oxygen redox at high delithiation induce the issues of irreversible Co reduction, oxygen release, and unfavored phase transformation. Herein, it is proposed to tune the O→Co charge transfer via regulating Li/Co anti‐site defect with Mg2+ and (PO4)3− co‐doping to achieve a stable high‐voltage LiCoO2 cathode. The appropriately regulated Li/Co anti‐site defect enhances the redox activity of the Co‐ions, and inhibits the irreversibility of the oxygen redox and the coupled Co reduction. The increase of the formation energy of oxygen vacancies in the modified cathode at deep delithiation inhibits oxygen escape. Moreover, (PO4)3− doping also stabilizes oxygen‐packed framework due to its strong bond energy with transition metal. These functions enhance the structural stability and the reversible Co/O redox ability. The improved cathode delivers a high capacity and long‐cycle capacity retention on both 4.5 and 4.6 V. This study provides some insights into adjusting the redox coupling effect and enhancing the oxygen redox reversibility by Li/Co anti‐site regulation.
Initiating Reversible Aqueous Copper–Tellurium Conversion Reaction with High Volumetric Capacity through Electrolyte Engineering
Authors: Sun Yuanhe , Zhao Yuanxin , Lei Qi , Du Wei , Yao Zeying , Zhang Wei , Si Jingying , Ren Zhiguo , Chen Jige , Gao Yi , Wen Wen , Tai Renzhong , Li Xiaolong , Zhu Daming
Published: December 2022

Pursuing conversion‐type cathodes with high volumetric capacity that can be used in aqueous environments remains rewarding and challenging. Tellurium (Te) is a promising alternative electrode due to its intrinsic attractive electronic conductivity and high theoretical volumetric capacity yet still to be explored. Herein, the kinetically/thermodynamically co‐dominat copper–tellurium (Cu–Te) alloying phase‐conversion process and corresponding oxidation failure mechanism of tellurium are investigated using in situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction and comprehensive ex situ characterization techniques. By virtue of the fundamental insights into the tellurium electrode, facile and precise electrolyte engineering (solvated structure modulation or reductive antioxidant addition) is implemented to essentially tackle the dramatic capacity loss in tellurium, affording reversible aqueous Cu–Te conversion reaction with an unprecedented ultrahigh volumetric capacity of up to 3927 mAh cm−3, a flat long discharge plateau (capacity proportion of ≈81%), and an extraordinary level of capacity retention of 80.4% over 2000 cycles at 20 A g−1 of which lifespan thousand‐fold longer than Cu–Te conversion using CuSO4–H2O electrolyte. This work paves a significant avenue for expanding high‐performance conversion‐type cathodes toward energetic aqueous multivalent‐ion batteries.
Tetrahedral DNA Nanostructure with Interferon Stimulatory DNA Delivers Highly Potent Toxins and Activates the cGAS‐STING Pathway for Robust Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy
Authors: Zhang Lingpu , Wang Yuqi , Karges Johannes , Tang Dongsheng , Zhang Hanchen , Zou Kexuan , Song Jie , Xiao Haihua
Published: December 2022

Tumor metastases and reoccurrences are considered the leading cause of cancer‐associated deaths. While highly efficient treatments for the eradication of primary tumors have been developed, the treatment of secondary or metastatic tumors remains poorly accessible. Over the past years, compounds that intervene through the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase‐stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS‐STING) signaling pathway against tumor metastases have emerged with potential for clinical development. While interferon stimulatory DNAs have demonstrated activation of this pathway, these compounds are associated with poor bioavailability, poor stability, and poor cancer selectivity, hindering their use for therapeutic applications. Herein, the encapsulation of a highly potent chemotherapeutic platinum(II) complex and the incorporation of interferon stimulatory DNA strands for activation of the cGAS‐STING pathway into multimodal tetrahedral DNA nanostructures (84bp‐TDNISD/56MESS) for combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy is reported. It is found that 84bp‐TDNISD/56MESS can work as not only a drug delivery carrier for highly potent toxins, but also an immunostimulant agent that can activate the STING pathway for antitumor immune responses. In a mouse breast cancer model, the DNA nanostructure is found to nearly fully eradicate primary as well as secondary/metastatic tumors, hence demonstrating its potential clinical translational value.
Electrosynthesis of Low Pt‐Loaded High Entropy Catalysts for Effective Hydrogen Evolution with Improved Acidic Durability
Authors: Kim Dohun , Surendran Subramani , Jeong Yujin , Lim Yoongu , Im Sejin , Park Sungtae , Kim Joon Young , Kim Suyeon , Kim Tae‐Hoon , Koo Byungjin , Jin Kyoungsuk , Sim Uk
Published: December 2022

The synergistic effect in multi‐metal electrocatalysts has gained attention as an efficient strategy for enhancing intrinsic electrocatalytic activities. In this study, a facile electrodeposition technique is used to synthesize a multi‐metal high entropy catalyst (HEC) for efficient electrocatalytic hydrogen production. To boost the synergistic effect between noble metals and transition metals, the Pt ratio is controlled in a multi‐metal electrocatalyst system. The prepared Pt‐involved HEC (Pt‐HEC) exhibits a bamboo‐like morphology with uniformly distributed elements. The 2.5 mM Pt‐HEC has outstanding electrocatalytic activity toward hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) among other Pt‐HECs, with a low overpotential of 70 mV and a Tafel slope value of 47 mV dec−1. Additionally, the Pt mass activity of the 2.5 mM Pt‐HEC is 5.6 times higher than commercial Pt/C electrocatalyst owing to the improved synergistic effect with an optimized Pt ratio. According to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, the proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) process occurs more quickly in the 2.5 mM Pt‐HEC electrocatalyst, confirming its smaller charge transfer resistance properties compared to those of the 5 and 1 mM Pt‐HEC. Therefore, HEC systems can be extensively encouraged as a platform for improving synergistic effects and enhancing electrocatalytic activities for a highly efficient HER electrocatalyst.
Energy Yield Modeling of Bifacial All‐Perovskite Two‐Terminal Tandem Photovoltaics
Authors: Gota Fabrizio , An Sophie X. , Hu Hang , Abdollahi Nejand Bahram , Paetzold Ulrich W.
Published: December 2022

All‐perovskite two‐terminal tandem photovoltaics offer high power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) that can surpass the limits of single‐junction photovoltaics. In this study, energy yield (EY) simulations are performed to assess the performance of bifacial all‐perovskite tandem solar cells. Under standard test conditions, in the absence of albedo, bifacial tandems demonstrate a 4.9% relative lower PCE compared to equivalent monofacial tandems due to transparency losses at the semitransparent rear side. However, under realistic irradiation conditions, albedo irradiation leads to an enhancement in EY for bifacial cells. This enhancement enables bifacial cells to produce more energy than monofacial cells, even over relatively low average reflectance (RA) ground such as dark sandstone (RA = 9%). The EY gain for bifacial cells rises to a maximum of 40–50% for ground modeled as a perfect reflector (RA = 100%), accompanied by a shift in optimum top subcell bandgap to 1.56 eV. This shift is of particular interest as low‐bandgap perovskite semiconductors (with lower bromide concentrations) offer enhanced stability under realistic operation conditions. Finally, this work presents a route to increase the PCE of simulated monofacial and bifacial cells, to 31.9% and 30.8%, respectively, by optimizing the optical and electrical performance of the cells.
US grass‐fed beef premiums
Authors: Wang Yangchuan , Isengildina‐Massa Olga , Stewart Shamar
Published: December 2022

This study examined monthly retail‐level price premiums for grass‐fed beef (relative to conventional grain‐fed beef) in the United States from 2014 through 2021. We found that premiums were heterogeneous, with premium cuts, such as sirloin steak, tenderloin, ribeye and filet mignon enjoying the highest premiums. Premiums were not consistent with price levels, as the lowest premiums were observed for short ribs, skirt steak and flank steak. Our findings suggest that grass‐fed beef price premiums were negatively affected by the consumption of food away from home. Changes in income, increased information about taste, protein and minerals, fat, revocation of the USDA grass‐fed certification program in 2016 and COVID‐19 pandemic, also affected premiums for several individual cuts. Premiums were not sensitive to changes in information about climate change. [EconLit Citations: Q11, Q13].
Cartilaginous Organoids: Advances, Applications, and Perspectives
Authors: Yu Yuhao , Wang Juan , Li Yamin , Chen Yunsu , Cui Wenguo
Published: December 2022

Cartilage is a nonvascular and non‐neural, mesoderm‐derived tissue. Cartilage repair, especially articular cartilage repair and reconstruction, has always been a difficult problem in bone tissue engineering. The unique biological characteristics and mechanical structure of articular cartilage make articular cartilage reconstruction a great challenge. Currently, it is extremely difficult to construct artificial cartilage tissue with all the information of natural cartilage in vitro, which greatly restricts the development of cartilage tissue engineering. Organoid technology is a booming research topic in recent years, which can mimic the complex biological characteristics of organs or tissues in vivo by constructing them in vitro through tissue engineering techniques. Cartilage tissues constructed using organoid technology may provide us with a novel tool to study cartilage development, cartilage pathological processes, and cartilage repair. This review introduces the concept and research progress of cartilage organoids and focuses on the composition and cultivation methods of cartilage organoids and application scenarios, besides giving an outlook on the limitations of present research.
A Type 1 Aldolase, NahE, Catalyzes a Stereoselective Nitro‐Michael Reaction: Synthesis of β‐Aryl‐γ‐nitrobutyric Acids
Authors: Fansher Douglas J. , Palmer David R. J.
Published: December 2022

Michael addition reactions are highly useful in organic synthesis and are commonly accomplished using organocatalysts. However, the corresponding biocatalytic Michael additions are rare, typically lack synthetically useful substrate scope, and suffer from low stereoselectivity. Herein we report a biocatalytic nitro‐Michael addition, catalyzed by NahE, that proceeds with low catalyst loading at room temperature in moderate to excellent enantioselectivity and high yields. A series of β‐nitrostyrenes reacted with pyruvate in the presence of NahE to give, after oxidative decarboxylation, β‐aryl‐γ‐nitrobutyric acids in up to 99 % yield without need for chromatography, providing a simple preparative‐scale route to chiral GABA analogues. This reaction represents the first example of an aldolase displaying promiscuous Michaelase activity and opens the use of nitroalkenes in place of aldehydes as substrates for aldolases.
An injectable self‐healing hydrogel based on poly(acrylamide‐co‐N‐vinylimidazole) and laponite clay nanosheets
Authors: Xiong Chunming , Wei Falin , Ye Zhengrong , Feng Wei , Zhou Qiang , He Jiaqing , Yang Haiyang
Published: December 2022

Injectable self‐healing hydrogels have found broad applications in drug delivery, tissue engineering and controlled 3D cell culture. In this article, the coordination interaction between polymer‐bearing imidazole groups and Mg2+ ions “trapped” in Laponite, has been employed to develop an injectable self‐healing nanocomposite hydrogel. The properties and gelation mechanism of the hydrogel have been characterized and demonstrated by rheology, TEM, XRD, SEM, and NMR in particular. The hydrogel exhibits swift self‐healing performance without waiting for long time or elevated temperature. In particular, the present hydrogel can be applied in harsh alkaline environments, exhibiting a great advantage over traditional metal ion crosslinked hydrogels. The injectable self‐healing hydrogels based on the coordination interaction between Laponite and polymer have been rarely reported. Our research may make contributions not only to the design but also to the potential application of the hydrogels in a range of harsh alkaline environments, especially in enhanced oil recovery (EOR).
The trauma of premature birth for mothers with infants in neonatal high care: The role of dissociation due to traumatic childhood experience
Authors: Canin Nicole , Bain Katherine
Published: December 2022

Recent studies have identified a history of anxiety as playing a crucial role in the development of trauma responses in mothers of premature neonates. This paper explores this link in more depth, examining how previous relational experience appears to influence mothers' experiences of premature birth and their infants in the context of a neonatal high care ward. Utilizing case study methodology, the narratives of three mothers are analyzed in order to better understand their experiences and their mental states. The trauma of engaging with a premature infant appears to reactivate dissociated self‐states associated with childhood experiences of loss and absence for mothers, manifesting in fragmented narratives of their own and their infant's experience.
Cultivation of microbial cultures at high cell density in microbioreactor fermentations to increase protein yield
Authors: Pepeliaev Stanislav , Ehebauer Matthias Torsten
Published: December 2022

Microbioreactors have been proven to be a useful tool in high‐throughput applications, such as clone screening, synthetic library testing, and media optimization. Most were designed for low cell density applications, where the optical density of the cultures typically does not exceed an OD600 of 10. In microbial applications, where protein is to be expressed, such a scale is not sufficient to produce material for extensive target molecule testing. Here, we present a method for growing high‐cell density Escherichia coli cultures in milliliter‐scale bioreactors, to produce milligram quantities of target protein. We used a micro‐Matrix system with a starting volume of 3 ml per culture. A combination of defined medium, a fed‐batch feeding strategy at low temperature, and an advanced self‐adapting control algorithm achieved up to 0.7 g of wet cell weight (WCW) in a 5.7 ml final culture volume, which corresponds to 123 g/L WCW. This translates to an estimated protein yield of 1150 mg of target protein per liter final volume.
Exposure to 10 Hz Pulsed Magnetic Field Induced Slight Apoptosis and Reactive Oxygen Species in Primary Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Huang Zheng , Ding Cheng , Huang Xinzhao , Sun Chuan , Zhong Liangjun
Published: December 2022

Extremely low frequency pulsed magnetic fields (MFs) have been increasingly used as an effective method in oral therapy, but its potential impact on health has not been clarified. In this study, we investigated the impact of 10 Hz pulsed MF exposure on primary human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) derived from eight healthy persons (four males and four females). Cells were exposed to 10 Hz pulsed MFs at 1.0 mT for 24 h. Cell apoptosis, cell cycle progression, intracellular reactive oxygen species levels, DNA damage, and cell proliferation were determined after exposure. The results showed that 10 Hz pulsed MFs exposure have slight effects on cellular apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and DNA damage in primary HGFs from some but not all samples. In addition, no significant effect was found on cell proliferation. © 2022 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Highly sensitive spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of the genotoxic methylglyoxal in glycerol‐containing pharmaceuticals and dietary supplements
Authors: Shallan Aliaa I. , Abdel‐Hakim Ali , Hammad Mohamed A. , Abou El‐Alamin Maha M.
Published: December 2022

Methylglyoxal (MGO) is a genotoxic α‐dicarbonyl compound. Recently, it was found to be formed in glycerol preparations during storage through auto‐oxidation. A simple fluorimetric determination of the carcinogenic degradation product of glycerol, MGO, was developed and validated. The proposed method is based on the derivatization of MGO with 4‐carbomethoxybenzaldehyde (CMBA) and ammonium acetate to yield a fluorescent imidazole derivative that can be measured at 415 nm after excitation at 322 nm. The optimized conditions were determined to be 0.2 M CMBA, 1.0 M ammonium acetate and a reaction time of 40 min at 90°C using ethanol as diluting solvent. The linear range was 10.0–200.0 ng/ml. Detection and quantification limits were 2.22 and 6.72 ng/ml, respectively. The proposed method was validated according to International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines and compared with the reported method and no significant difference was found. It was successfully applied for the determination of MGO in six different glycerol‐containing pharmaceutical preparations and dietary supplements.
Supplemental musculoskeletal anatomy education in a shortened medical school curriculum
Authors: Syros Alina , Donato Zachary , Luxenburg Dylan , Landau Rebecca , Pandya Shivani , Tandron Marissa , Hernandez Giselle
Published: December 2022

To address anatomy knowledge gaps exacerbated by the education constraints of a new shortened medical school curriculum and the COVID‐19 pandemic, the Orthopedic Surgery Interest Group (OSIG) created a novel hybrid anatomy curriculum for students interested in orthopedic surgery. The main objectives were to determine (1) Does this elective supplement to the curriculum improve students' perceived confidence with regard to orthopedic anatomy? (2) What are the students' preferred formats for receiving this elective supplement to the curriculum? To determine this, we used a prospective study design to determine the impact of the OSIG's student‐led hybrid anatomy sessions. A survey with a five‐point Likert scale (1) Strongly disagree; (2) Disagree; (3) Neither agree nor disagree; (4) Agree; (5) Strongly agree; was used to quantify responses. Chi‐squared tests, Fisher's exact tests and T‐tests were used when appropriate. Our results show that participants without prior anatomy experience rated the course higher on average when compared with those with prior anatomy experience (4.27 vs. 3.67, respectively; p = 0.168). Most students (88.2%) prefer for anatomy sessions to be held more frequently and 76.4% enjoyed having virtual components. 82.4% of participants reported that this course improved their self‐confidence regarding orthopedic anatomy, and 100% would recommend it to other students. Most students enjoyed the course and reported improved self‐perceived anatomy knowledge after participating. Medical schools that have a shortened anatomy curriculum can consider using the present study as a model for an optional musculoskeletal anatomy supplement at their institution.
The predictive and prognostic value of weight loss and body composition prior to and during immune checkpoint inhibition in recurrent or metastatic head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Willemsen Anna C. H. , De Moor Nina , Van Dessel Jeroen , Baijens Laura W. J. , Bila Michel , Hauben Esther , van den Hout Mari F. C. M. , Vander Poorten Vincent , Hoeben Ann , Clement Paul M. , Schols Annemie M. W. J.
Published: December 2022

Background

Response rates of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy for recurrent and/or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) are low.

Patients and Methods

This retrospective multicentre cohort study evaluates the predictive and prognostic value of weight loss and changes in body composition prior and during therapy. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics of 98 patients were retrieved, including neutrophil and platelet‐lymphocyte‐ratio (NLR and PLR). Programmed death‐ligand 1 (PD‐L1) expression was determined on residual material. Cachexia was defined according to Fearon et al. (2011). Skeletal muscle (SM), visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were evaluated on computed tomography scans at the third lumbar vertebrae level. Univariable and multivariable regression analyses were performed for 6 months progression free survival (PFS6m) and overall survival (OS).

Results

Significant early weight loss (>2%) during the first 6 weeks of therapy was shown in 34 patients (35%). This patient subgroup had a significantly higher NLR and PLR at baseline. NLR and PLR were inversely correlated with SM and VAT index. Independent predictors of PFS6m were lower World Health Organization performance status (HR 0.16 [0.04–0.54] p = 0.003), higher baseline SAT index (HR 1.045 [1.02–1.08] p = 0.003), and weight loss <2% (HR 0.85 [0.74–0.98] p = 0.03). Baseline cachexia in combination with >2% early weight loss remained a predictor of OS, independent of PD‐L1 expression (HR 2.09 [1.11–3.92] p = 0.02, HR 2.18 [1.13–4.21] p = 0.02).

Conclusion

We conclude that the combination of cachexia at baseline and weight loss during ICI therapy is associated with worse OS in R/M HNSCC patients, independent of PD‐L1 expression.
Highly Oxygenated Labdane Diterpenoids from Stevia rebaudiana and Their Anti‐Atherosclerosis Activities
Authors: Cheng Bin , Fang Fei , Zhou Qin‐Tao , Li Yan , Wu Xue‐Wen , Zhao Xue‐Rong , Bi De‐Wen , Zhang Xing‐Jie , Zhang Rui‐Han , Ji Xu , Li Xiao‐Li , Cao Guang , Xiao Wei‐Lie
Published: December 2022

Five unknown labdane diterpenoids Stevelins A–E (1–5), three known labdane diterpenoids (6–8) and three labdane norditerpenoids (9–11) were isolated from the Stevia rebaudiana. The structures were determined primarily via NMR spectroscopic data and HR‐ESI‐MS experiments. X‐ray crystallography using CuKα radiation was used to determine the absolute configurations of 1, and the absolute configurations of 2–5 were deduced by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. The potential anti‐atherosclerosis activities of all compounds were evaluated by measuring their inhibitory effects on the macrophage foam cell formation. As a result, most isolated compounds could significantly inhibit oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL)‐induced macrophage foam cell formation, which suggests that these compounds may be promising candidates in the treatment for atherosclerosis.
Keep your eye on…
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2022

The link between parental discord and risk for alcohol misuse

The benefits of video gaming to cognitive performance
Ansatz zur Quantifizierung der mechanischen Festigkeit eines Staubkuchens
Authors: Horst David , Zhang Qian
Published: December 2022

Bei der Oberflächenfiltration zur Staubabscheidung ist die mechanische Festigkeit von Staubkuchen von großer Bedeutung für das Betriebsverhalten des Oberflächenfilters. Durch verschiedene Konditionierungsmethoden lässt sich diese signifikant beeinflussen. Eine einfache Messmethode, die Festigkeit des Staubkuchens quantifizierbar zu machen, exisiert derzeit nicht. Ein Ansatz zur experimentellen Bestimmung der Kuchenfestigkeit mit Messergebnissen zum Vergleich von Staubkuchen mit modifizierter Packungsstruktur, die durch eine Rohgaskonditionierung mittels hygroskopischer Salzpartikeln erzeugt sind, wird vorgestellt und diskutiert.
Robuste Fördertechnik im Salzlager
Authors: Deininger Sabrina
Published: December 2022

Die Betriebsingenieure des K+S‐Salzlager in Borth hatten immer wieder mit Ausfällen der Förderanlagen zu kämpfen. Es war ein verfahrbarer Bandabsetzer im Einsatz, der mit einem Direktantrieb der Räder über einen Getriebemotor und eine Rollenkette angetrieben wurde. Ein Umbau des Antriebssystems der Förderanlage wurde zwingend notwendig.
Wenn aus dem Kann ein Muss wird
Authors: Simon Frank
Published: December 2022

Energieeffizienz ist ein globaler Megatrend der heutigen Zeit, der tiefgreifende Veränderungen mit sich bringen und die Welt in Zukunft prägen wird. Eine zentrale Rolle bei der Senkung des Energieverbrauchs kommt in der Industrie hocheffizienten Motoren und Frequenzumrichtern zu.
Salz speichert Solarstrom
Authors: Herrling‐Tusch Ursula , Maffert Jörg
Published: December 2022

Die wichtigsten erneuerbaren Energiequellen, Sonne und Wind, sind unendlich verfügbar ‐ allerdings abhängig von Witterungsverhältnissen, Tages‐ und Jahreszeit. Speichermöglichkeiten, die diese Schwankungen ausgleichen, spielen deshalb künftig eine entscheidende Rolle für eine ebenso verlässliche wie effiziente Energieversorgung rund um die Uhr. Concentrated Solar Power‐(CSP)‐Solarkraftwerke bieten die Möglichkeit, tagsüber thermische Salzschmelzespeicher mit Sonnenenergie kostengünstig aufzuladen und nach Sonnenuntergang Strom auf Abruf zu erzeugen. Durch diese von der verfügbaren Sonneneinstrahlung entkoppelte, bedarfsgerechte Stromerzeugung gelten sie als ein zentraler Schlüssel zur Energiewende. Mit MAN Energy Solutions und Dillinger arbeiten zwei in diesem Bereich langjährig erfahrene und bedeutende Unternehmen gemeinsam an Antworten auf die Kernherausforderung der Energiewende: erneuerbare Energien in großer Menge zu produzieren und intelligent in eine zuverlässige Erzeugung von Strom oder Dampf für Industrieprozesse zu integrieren.
Associations between social determinants of health and 10‐year change in everyday functioning within Black/African American and White older adults enrolled in ACTIVE
Authors: Clark Alexandra L. , Weigand Alexandra J. , Clay Olivio J. , Owens Joshua , Fiala Jacob , Crowe Michael , Marsiske Michael , Thomas Kelsey R.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Given prior work showing racial differences on baseline social determinants of health (SDoH) and 10‐year trajectories of everyday functioning, we examined associations between SDoH and longitudinal everyday functioning performance in Black/African American and White older adults.

Methods

Participants were 2505 older adults (Mage = 73.5; 28% Black/African American) without dementia. SDoH included economic stability/status, education access/quality, health‐care access, neighborhood/built environment, and social/community contexts. The Observed Tasks of Daily Living (OTDL) measured everyday functioning and was administered at baseline and 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year visits.

Results

Across the sample, social and community context and economic stability/status were associated with steeper age‐related OTDL declines (βs = 0.05 to 0.07, Ps < 0.001). Lower levels of social and community context (β = 0.08, P = 0.002) and economic stability/status (β = 0.07, P = 0.04) were associated with OTDL linear age declines in Black/African American participants, but not in White participants (Ps > 0.30).

Discussion

Inequities across SDoH accelerate age‐related declines in everyday functioning among Black/African American older adults.
Carcinoma showing thymus‐like differentiation of the parotid gland: The brief report of cytomorphology and review of the literature
Authors: Uchiyama Tomoko , Terada Chiyoko , Tachibana Yuma , Nishiura Hirokazu , Takeda Maiko , Fujii Tomomi , Kimura Takahiro , Tsutsumi Masahiro , Ohbayashi Chiho
Published: December 2022

Here, we report an extremely rare case of carcinoma with thymus‐like differentiation (CASTLE) of the parotid gland. CASTLE is a rare malignant epithelial tumor with thymic epithelial differentiation that arises in the thyroid gland or perithyroidal soft tissue. CASTLE of salivary gland origin is rare, with only nine published case reports to date (reported as “CASTLE” or “thymic carcinoma”). It is critical to diagnose salivary gland tumors using fine needle aspiration cytology. However, this tumor is rare, and there have been few studies on its cytomorphological features. Therefore, it is important to understand the cytological diagnostic characteristics of CASTLE. Herein, we review the cytological features and diagnostic characteristics of salivary gland CASTLE. We also report the genotype results obtained using targeted exome sequencing, which we analyzed with DNA extracted from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue.
Lessons from linking bio‐ and ecological traits to stoichiometric traits in stream macroinvertebrates
Authors: Beck Miriam , Billoir Elise , Felten Vincent , Meyer Albin , Usseglio‐Polatera Philippe , Danger Michael
Published: December 2022

Ecologists rely on various functional traits when investigating the functioning of ecological systems and its responses to global changes. Changing nutrient levels, for example, can affect taxa expressing different trait combinations in various ways, e.g., favoring small, fast‐growing species under high phosphorus conditions. Stoichiometric traits, describing the elemental composition of organism body tissues, can help in understanding the mechanisms behind such functional shifts. So far, mainly life‐history traits have been related to body stoichiometry (e.g., the growth rate hypothesis) on a limited number of taxa, and there is little knowledge of the general link between stoichiometric and other functional traits on a taxonomically large scale. Here, we highlight this link in the freshwater macroinvertebrates, testing predictions from underlying trait‐based and Ecological Stoichiometry Theory (EST) in >200 taxa belonging to eight larger taxonomic groups. We applied a series of multivariate analyses on six of their stoichiometric traits (%C, %N, %P, C:N, C:P, and N:P) and 23 biological and ecological traits. We found significant relationships between stoichiometric traits and other types of traits when analyzing single‐trait and multi‐trait profiles. Patterns found within traits related to organism development or nutrient cycling were in line with our assumptions based on EST, e.g., traits describing predators were associated with high %N; traits suggesting a fast development (small maximum body size and high molting frequency) with high %P. Associations between ecological traits and body stoichiometry could be explained by the longitudinal stream gradient: Taxa preferring headwater habitats (i.e., high altitude, coarse substrate, and cold temperature) exhibited high %N and %P. Demonstrating the link between stoichiometric and both bio‐ and ecological traits on a large diversity of taxa underlines the potential of integrating stoichiometric traits into ecological analyses to improve our understanding of taxonomic and functional responses of communities—and ecosystems—to changing environmental conditions worldwide.
Tunnel excavation material and circular economy in Austria – general requirements, current situation and further developments from the waste management perspective
Authors: Starke Roland
Published: December 2022

Excavation material from tunnel constructions, which is generally regarded as waste, has to be disposed of properly, but is good input material for producing recycling aggregates or for on‐site reclaiming or recycling action. Due to the large mass and potential contaminations from rock formations and/or tunnelling process, reclaiming or recycling has to be monitored. The waste law provides standardized examination methods and parameters, limit values, quality classes and requirements. In the course of the revision of the Austrian landfill ordinance and the Austrian circular economy strategy by the Federal Ministry Republic of Austria Climate action, environment, energy, mobility, innovation anf technology (BMK), adaptions regarding the promotion of circular economy for this material should be developed. This study provides a description of the technical and legal requirements, actual challenges and an outlook to possible changes of the requirements.
On oscillatory rotating convection of a couple‐stress fluid with helical force
Authors: Nagaraju Jangalla , Babu Kasba Ramesh , Reddy Gundlapally Shiva Kumar , Ragoju Ravi
Published: December 2022

Linear and weakly nonlinear stability analyses of thermosolutal convection in a couple‐stress fluid with effects of helical force and rotation are performed. The governing nondimensional equations are solved using the normal modes. We have shown the effect of the helical force parameter, solutal Rayleigh number, Couple stress parameter, Lewis number, Taylor number, and Prandtl number on stationary and oscillatory convection regions and presented graphically. Solutal Rayleigh number, Couple stress parameter, Lewis number, and Taylor number have a stabilizing effect on the system whereas the helical force parameter has a destabilizing effect on the system. To study heat transport by convection we have derived the Ginzburg–Landau equation.