bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of confined coaxial jets in a non-axisymmetric co-flow
Authors: Larsson I. A. Sofia , Lycksam Henrik , Lundström T. Staffan , Marjavaara B. Daniel
Published: November 2020

Confined, turbulent, coaxial jets in a non-axisymmetric co-flow are studied using particle image velocimetry (PIV) and planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) simultaneously. Eight different cases are measured. Two momentum flow ratios of the co-flow are used in the experiment to investigate the effect on the coaxial burner jet behavior and mixing characteristics of the coaxial jet flow and the co-flowing, secondary fluid. In addition, four different momentum flow ratios of the coaxial outer to inner jet are investigated. The objective of the study is to get a deeper understanding of how the flow dynamics affects the entrainment and mixing process in a coaxial jet with a non-axisymmetric, surrounding co-flow. The results show that the introduction of a coaxial stream affects the inner jet and decreases the mixing with the surrounding co-flow; the effect is enhanced as the momentum flow ratio of the coaxial jet increases. The distribution of the secondary, co-flowing fluid controls the shape and direction of the coaxial jet, but does not have a significant impact on the mixing process near the centerline. Practical implications of this investigation are related to the possibility to better control a diffusion flame by introducing a coaxial stream. In this context it is concluded that it is possible to affect the jet development and hence the flame length. The conclusion is based on the assumption that the outer, coaxial stream has a low mass flow, not enough to provide complete combustion, and hence the co-flowing, secondary fluid provides the air needed for the combustion process.

Graphic abstract
Efficacy and safety of an adsorbent and anti-oxidative vaginal gel on CIN1 and 2, on high-risk HPV, and on p16/Ki-67: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Major Attila Louis , Dvořák Vladimír , Schwarzová Jana , Skřivánek Aleš , Malík Tomáš , Pluta Marek , Mayboroda Ivanna , Grandjean Etienne Marc
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The effect of SAM vaginal gel, a medical device containing adsorptive silicon dioxide and antioxidative sodium selenite and citric acid, on histologically-proven cervical intraepithelial neoplasia type 2 (CIN2) as well as p16 positive CIN1, and on the presence of the onco-marker p16 was investigated.

Methods

216 women aged 25–60 years were randomized to either receive an intravaginal daily dose of SAM gel for three 28-day periods, or be followed-up without intervention. The primary endpoint was efficacy, defined as a combined histological and cytological regression. At baseline and after 3 months participants had: a guided biopsy including p16 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining, only if a lesion was visible at colposcopy; a cervical smear for cytology, high-risk human papillomavirus (hr-HPV) and a p16/Ki-67 test. At 6 months a further cytology and p16/Ki-67 test was performed.

Results

Regression of CIN lesions was observed in 78 out of 108 patients (72.2%) in the SAM gel arm and in 27 out of 108 patients (25.0%) in the control arm. Similarly, the change in the p16/Ki-67 cytological test status was significantly in favor of the treatment arm. The prevalence of hr-HPV decreased significantly (p < 0.001) in the treatment arm, from 87.0% to 39.8%, while it slightly increased in the control arm, from 78.7% to 83.3%. At 6 months the cytological regression in the treatment group and the highly significant effect on p16/Ki-67 was still present.

Conclusion

SAM vaginal gel enhances the regression of cervical lesions and clears hr-HPV and p16/Ki-67 in smears significantly, thus offering an active non-destructive management to prevent cervical cancer.

Trial registration number

ISRCTN11009040, date of registration: 10/12/2019; https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN11009040; retrospectively registered.
High seroprevalence of feline morbilliviruses in free-roaming domestic cats in Chile
Authors: Busch Johannes , Sacristán Irene , Cevidanes Aitor , Millán Javier , Vahlenkamp Thomas W. , Napolitano Constanza , Sieg Michael
Published: November 2020

Feline morbillivirus infections have gained increased attention due to repeated reports of their association with urinary tract disease in cats. In the present study, 112 serum samples from free-roaming domestic cats in Chile were tested for antibodies against feline morbillivirus genotypes 1 and 2 (FeMV-1 and FeMV-2) using an indirect immunofluorescence assay. In total, 63% of the animals showed antibodies against one or both FeMV genotypes. Antibodies directed exclusively against FeMV-2 were significantly more prevalent in male cats. The correlation of sex and FeMV-2 infection might give insight into potential routes of transmission. We provide, for the first time, serological data on FeMV in Chile.
Correction to: Flavonoids: nutraceutical potential for counteracting muscle atrophy
Authors: Kim Changhee , Hwang Jae-Kwan
Published: November 2020

The article “Flavonoids: nutraceutical potential for counteracting muscle atrophy”, written by Changhee Kim, Jae-Kwan Hwang was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on 16 September 2020 without open access.
The “impossible” rectal anastomosis: a novel use for endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy
Authors: Lehwald-Tywuschik Nadja C. , Alexander Andrea , Alkhanji Nour , Flügen Georg , Fung Stephen , Rehders Alexander , Knoefel Wolfram Trudo
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Low rectal anastomoses can safely be performed, usually secured by a diverting ostomy. However, in cases of inflammation, extensive scarring, after extensive radiation, or after severe stapler dysfunction the risk for an anastomotic leak may become prohibitively high. We present a novel use for endoluminal vacuum-assisted therapy (EVAT) for otherwise “impossible” low rectal anastomoses.

Methods

Our initial series consisted of 14 consecutive patients who underwent prophylactic EVAT treatment due to unsafe low colorectal anastomosis. The vacuum sponge was placed intraoperatively in cases otherwise calling for a Hartmann’s procedure. An open-pored polyurethane sponge was placed prophylactically transanally for a mean duration of 11 days. Patient characteristics, complications, and risk factors were prospectively collected from medical records and analyzed.

Results

Between March 2017 and September 2019, we performed this novel technique in 14 patients enabling us to perform an anastomosis. Our collective consisted of 4 female (29%) and 10 male (71%) patients with a medium age of 59 years. Underlying disease was colorectal cancer in 10 patients, ovarian cancer, perforated sigmoid diverticulitis, ischemic colitis and sarcoma in one patient each. Dominant factors putting the anastomosis at extremely high risk were acute inflammation (n = 2), frozen pelvis (n = 2), intraoperative local chemotherapy (n = 2), stapler dysfunction (n = 2), non-closable rectal stump (n = 2), empty pelvis (n = 1) and ultra-low anastomosis (n = 3). Prophylactic EVAT was successful in 92% and gastrointestinal continuity was preserved in all patients.

Conclusion

This is the first description of prophylactic EVAT treatment. It seems to be a simple and safe method to enforce the high-risk low rectal anastomosis.
A hyperelastic model for simulating cells in flow
Authors: Müller Sebastian J. , Weigl Franziska , Bezold Carina , Bächer Christian , Albrecht Krystyna , Gekle Stephan
Published: November 2020

In the emerging field of 3D bioprinting, cell damage due to large deformations is considered a main cause for cell death and loss of functionality inside the printed construct. Those deformations, in turn, strongly depend on the mechano-elastic response of the cell to the hydrodynamic stresses experienced during printing. In this work, we present a numerical model to simulate the deformation of biological cells in arbitrary three-dimensional flows. We consider cells as an elastic continuum according to the hyperelastic Mooney–Rivlin model. We then employ force calculations on a tetrahedralized volume mesh. To calibrate our model, we perform a series of FluidFM$$^{{\textregistered }}$$

®

compression experiments with REF52 cells demonstrating that all three parameters of the Mooney–Rivlin model are required for a good description of the experimental data at very large deformations up to 80%. In addition, we validate the model by comparing to previous AFM experiments on bovine endothelial cells and artificial hydrogel particles. To investigate cell deformation in flow, we incorporate our model into Lattice Boltzmann simulations via an Immersed-Boundary algorithm. In linear shear flows, our model shows excellent agreement with analytical calculations and previous simulation data.
Trumps Wirtschaftspolitik und der Corona-Schock - Perspektiven für die USA
Authors: Welfens Paul J. J.
Published: November 2020

US-Präsident Donald Trump hat am 3. November 2020 zwar eine Niederlage erfahren, dennoch könnte der seit 2016 politisch in den USA herrschende Populismus als Mischung aus neuem Nationalismus und Protektionismus für einige Jahre andauern. Die US-Wahlen fanden unter besonderen Bedingungen statt: so löste der Corona-Schock einen weltweiten Wirtschaftsschock aus.
Ranging behaviour and habitat use in Montagu’s Harrier Circus pygargus in extensive farmland of Eastern Poland
Authors: Krupiński Dominik , Kotowska Dorota , Recio Mariano R. , Żmihorski Michał , Obłoza Przemysław , Mirski Paweł
Published: November 2020

Agriculture intensification drives changes in bird populations but also in the space use by farmland species. Agriculture in Eastern Europe still follows an extensive farming model, but due to policy shifts aimed at rural restructuring and implementation of government subsidies for farmers, it is being rapidly intensified. Here, we aimed to document the ranging behaviour and habitat use of a declining farmland bird of prey—Montagu’s Harrier—and to compare it to findings from Western Europe. In 2011–2018, 50 individuals were followed with GPS loggers in Eastern Poland to study species spatial ecology. We found home ranges (kernel 90%) to be considerably large: 67.3 (± 42.3) km2 in case of males, but only 4.9 (± 6.1) km2 in females. Home ranges overlapped by 40%, on average, with other males in colonies and by 61%, on average, between consecutive breeding seasons of a particular male. The average daily distance travelled by males and females reached, respectively, 94.5 and 45.3 km, covering a daily home range of 32.3 and 3.1 km2. Individuals foraged up to 35 km from nests (3.5 km on average). Daily distance travelled and daily home ranges varied across the breeding season, in case of females being shortest in July, but sharply increasing in August. Also, individuals with breeding success had higher daily distance travelled but smaller daily home ranges. Average harriers’ distance to nest was generally increasing over the season, but was also changing over time of day: birds were closest to nest during night time, but at the end of the season, males roosted up to 16 km from the nest. While foraging males slightly preferred grasslands, higher elevation and smaller land-use patches, they avoided slopes and proximity of roads. We conclude that the surprisingly large home ranges of breeding harriers may suggest reduced prey availability or high fragmentation of hunting areas, both driving birds to utilise large areas and potentially contributing to population decline.
Farmers’ Perceptions as a Driver of Agricultural Practices: Understanding Soil Fertility Management Practices in Cocoa Agroforestry Systems in Cameroon
Authors: Kenfack Essougong Urcil P. , Slingerland Maja , Mathé Syndhia , Vanhove Wouter , Tata Ngome Precillia I. , Boudes Philippe , Giller Ken E. , Woittiez Lotte S. , Leeuwis Cees
Published: November 2020

In Africa, cocoa yields are low, partly due to soil fertility constraints and poor management. While peoples’ knowledge, aspirations, and abilities are key factors explaining their behaviour, little is known about the rationales that underpin soil fertility management practices (SFMPs) of cocoa farmers. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory survey in two contrasting regions in Cameroon where cocoa is an important crop: the humid forest and the forest-savannah transition zone. Some 30% of farmers in the transition zone as opposed to 13% in the humid forest expressed concerns about soil fertility. The most relevant soil fertility indicators for farmers were high cocoa yield, dark soil colour, ease of tillage, and floral composition. To enhance and maintain soil fertility, farmers used residues from weeding (100%), planting of trees (42%), mineral fertilisers (33%), compost (16%), and manure (13%). More farmers in the transition zone than the humid forest implemented SFMPs. Our findings suggest that soil fertility perceptions, access to inputs, local practices, and experience influence farmers’ use of SFMPs. The limited use of mineral fertilisers was explained by poor access whereas the use of organic fertilisers and tree planting were mostly constrained by lack of labour and knowledge. Farmers prioritised practices to increase yield and viewed SFMPs to be the least important management practices, although they believe high cocoa yield is an important indicator of soil fertility. To foster sustainable cocoa intensification, it is necessary to enhance farmers’ knowledge on SFMPs, increase access to inputs, and ensure returns on investment while considering farmers’ priorities and practices.
‘My family’s goals are also my goals’: the relationship between collectivism, distal utility value, and learning and career goals of international university students in Germany
Authors: Mok Sog Yee , Bakaç Cafer , Froehlich Laura
Published: November 2020

The utility value of an academic task can affect university students’ learning behavior and career choices. For collectivistic-oriented students, learning and career goals also matter to their families. Following expectancy-value theory, we assumed that families’ achievement-related expectations would affect collectivistic-oriented students’ utility value. We conducted a survey study with 154 international university students in Germany. We found a significant mediation effect of students’ distal utility value of their university coursework on the relationship between students’ collectivism, learning goal orientation, and motivation to follow family-oriented distal career goals, respectively. Practical implications for career counselors and university teachers are discussed.
Development and clinical application of a preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic disease (PGT-M) for beta thalassemia in Vietnam
Authors: Mai Anh Dao , Harton Gary L. , Quang Vinh Nguyen , Van Huynh Nguyen , Thi Nhung Hoang , Thuy Nga Pham , Le Thi Thu Hien , Minh Duc Nguyen , Quoc Quan Tran
Published: November 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to study the clinical outcomes using a next-generation sequencing-based protocol allowing for simultaneous testing of mutations in the beta thalassemia (HBB) gene, including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers for PGT-M along with low-pass whole genome analysis of chromosome aneuploidies for PGT-A.

Methods

A combined PGT-M (thalassemia) plus PGT-A system was developed for patients undergoing IVF in Vietnam. Here we developed a system for testing numerous thalassemia mutations plus SNP-based testing for backup mutation analysis and contamination control using next-generation sequencing (NGS). Low -pass next-generation sequencing was used to assess aneuploidy in some of the clinical PGT cases. Patients underwent IVF followed by embryo biopsy at the blastocyst stage for combined PGT-A/M.

Results

Two cases have completed the entire process including transfer of embryos, while a further nine cases have completed the IVF and PGT-M/A analysis but have not completed embryo transfer. In the two cases with embryo transfer, both patients achieved pregnancy with an unaffected, euploid embryo confirmed through prenatal diagnosis. In the further nine cases, 39 embryos were biopsied and all passed QC for amplification. There were 8 unaffected embryos, 31 carrier embryos, and 11 affected embryos. A subset of 24 embryos also had PGT-A analysis with 22 euploid embryos and 2 aneuploid embryos.

Conclusions

Here we report the development and clinical application of a combined PGT-M for HBB and PGT-A for gross chromosome aneuploidies from 11 patients with detailed laboratory findings along with 2 cases that have completed embryo transfer.
Identification-based predictive control of semi-active shock-absorbers for adaptive dynamic excitation mitigation
Authors: Graczykowski Cezary , Faraj Rami
Published: November 2020

The paper is aimed at detailed discussion of the Identification-based Predictive Control (IPC) developed for semi-active fluid-based shock-absorbers which protect structures and machines against impact excitations. The problem addressed is the optimal impact absorption providing adaptive mitigation of dynamic response of the mechanical system. The goal of applied control is dissipation of the entire impact energy and minimization of the impacting object deceleration during the process. Three proposed implementations of the IPC are based on sequentially repeated procedures, which include identification of excitation parameters and calculation of the valve opening providing minimization of tracking error of the optimal path. The presented numerical examples concerning mitigation of the dynamic excitation acting on the double-chamber pneumatic shock-absorber reveal high efficiency and prove robustness of the proposed control methods. The developed algorithms are compared against each other in terms of path-tracking efficiency and character of required control actions. The most important challenges in practical implementation of the proposed methods are indicated.
Two-dimensional nonlinear time fractional reaction–diffusion equation in application to sub-diffusion process of the multicomponent fluid in porous media
Authors: Pandey P. , Das S. , Craciun E-M. , Sadowski T.
Published: November 2020

In the present article, an efficient operational matrix based on the famous Laguerre polynomials is applied for the numerical solution of two-dimensional non-linear time fractional order reaction–diffusion equation. An operational matrix is constructed for fractional order differentiation and this operational matrix converts our proposed model into a system of non-linear algebraic equations through collocation which can be solved by using the Newton Iteration method. Assuming the surface layers are thermodynamically variant under some specified conditions, many insights and properties are deduced e.g., nonlocal diffusion equations and mass conservation of the binary species which are relevant to many engineering and physical problems. The salient features of present manuscript are finding the convergence analysis of the proposed scheme and also the validation and the exhibitions of effectiveness of the method using the order of convergence through the error analysis between the numerical solutions applying the proposed method and the analytical results for two existing problems. The prominent feature of the present article is the graphical presentations of the effect of reaction term on the behavior of solute profile of the considered model for different particular cases.
Conference proceedings publications in bibliographic databases: a case study of countries in Southeast Asia
Authors: Purnell Philip J.
Published: November 2020

Leading citation databases have made concerted efforts to reflect academic conference contributions in the form of proceedings papers in their databases. We studied global trends and a regional case study to determine the relative representation of conference proceedings in the global scholarly literature using the Web of Science, Scopus, and Dimensions. We designed our case study of ten Southeast Asian countries to uncover conspicuous publishing patterns obscured by global average figures. As a result, we discovered that Indonesia alone has made a recent and remarkable shift towards conference proceedings publishing. This trend was not the result of expanding database coverage but may be linked to a rapid increase in conferences locally hosted in Indonesia. The conclusion suggests that conference proceedings are increasingly indexed by major databases, and that scholars might have found advantage in publishing conference papers that were quicker and easier to publish than journal articles or book chapters. Our study is relevant to policy makers in the area of research evaluation because it highlights potential changes in academic publishing behaviour by those being assessed.
Bayesianism and self-doubt
Authors: Bradley Darren
Published: November 2020

How should we respond to evidence when our evidence indicates that we are rationally impaired? I will defend a novel answer based on the analogy between self-doubt and memory loss. To believe that one is now impaired and previously was not is to believe that one’s epistemic position has deteriorated. Memory loss is also a form of epistemic deterioration. I argue that agents who suffer from epistemic deterioration should return to the priors they had at an earlier time. I develop this argument regarding memory loss then extend it to cases of self-doubt.
Investment agreements and the fragmentation of firms across countries
Authors: Betz Timm , Pond Amy , Yin Weiwen
Published: November 2020

We examine the global ownership structure of firms in the context of the investment regime. Investment agreements extend valuable privileges to firms invested abroad. But, these privileges only apply to firms whose assets are owned in a country that has signed an agreement with their host market; firms lack protections under investment agreements for many of their target markets. We argue that, by strategically locating subsidiaries in ‘transit’ countries, firms systematically expand their access to investment agreements. This firm-specific access to investment agreements through transit countries also has implications for investment flows: Transit countries receive more inflows and outflows of investment. Moreover, the impact of agreements declines over time and treaty partners, as seemingly newly protected firms have previously gained coverage through subsidiaries. Drawing on subsidiary location choices of the world’s largest firms, as well as data on firm ownership structures and aggregate investment flows, we present systematic evidence consistent with this argument. The paper highlights the importance of the global ownership structure of firms in an environment of heterogeneous international rules and discusses new distributional consequences of the investment regime.
Chest X-ray findings in a large cohort of 1117 patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a multicenter study during COVID-19 outbreak in Italy
Authors: Vespro Valentina , Andrisani Maria Carmela , Fusco Stefano , Di Meglio Letizia , Plensich Guido , Scarabelli Alice , Stellato Elvira , Ierardi Anna Maria , Scudeller Luigia , Coppola Andrea , Gori Andrea , Pesenti Antonio , Grasselli Giacomo , Aliberti Stefano , Blasi Francesco , Villa Chiara , Ippolito Sonia , Pirrò Barbara , Damiani Guglielmo , Galli Massimo , Rizzardini Giuliano , Catena Emanuele , Orlandi Matteo Agostino , Magnani Sandro , Cipolla Giuseppe , Ianniello Andrea Antonio , Petrillo Mario , Xhepa Genti , Scamporrino Antonio , Cazzulani Alberto , Carrafiello Gianpaolo
Published: November 2020

To describe radiographic key patterns on Chest X-ray (CXR) in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, assessing the prevalence of radiographic signs of interstitial pneumonia. To evaluate pattern variation between a baseline and a follow-up CXR. 1117 patients tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection were retrospectively enrolled from four centers in Lombardy region. All patients underwent a CXR at presentation. Follow-up CXR was performed when clinically indicated. Two radiologists in each center reviewed images and classified them as suggestive or not for interstitial pneumonia, recording the presence of ground-glass opacity (GGO), reticular pattern or consolidation and their distribution. Pearson’s χ2 test for categorical variables and McNemar test (χ2 for paired data) were performed. Patients mean age 63.3 years, 767 were males (65.5%). The main result is the large proportion of positive CXR in COVID-19 patients. Baseline CXR was positive in 940 patients (80.3%), with significant differences in age and sex distribution between patients with positive and negative CXR. 382 patients underwent a follow-up CXR. The most frequent pattern on baseline CXR was the GGO (66.1%), on follow-up was consolidation (53.4%). The most common distributions were peripheral and middle-lower lung zone. We described key-patterns and their distribution on CXR in a large cohort of COVID-19 patients: GGO was the most frequent finding on baseline CXR, while we found an increase in the proportion of lung consolidation on follow-up CXR. CXR proved to be a reliable tool in our cohort obtaining positive results in 80.3% of the baseline cases.
Protect, Repair, and Regenerate: Towards Restoring Vision in Glaucoma
Authors: Wareham Lauren K. , Risner Michael L. , Calkins David J.
Published: November 2020

Purpose of Review

We summarize recent advances in strategies that aim to restore optic nerve function and vision in glaucoma through protective, reparative, and regenerative avenues.

Recent Findings

Neuroprotection relies on identification of early retinal ganglion cell dysfunction, which could prove challenging in the clinic. Cell replacement therapies show promise in restoring lost vision, but some hurdles remain in restoring visual circuitry in the retina and central connections in the brain.

Identification and manipulation of intrinsic and extrinsic cellular mechanisms that promote axon regeneration in both resident and transplanted RGCs will drive future advances in vision restoration. Understanding the roles of multiple cell types in the retina that act in concert to promote RGC survival will aid efforts to promote neuronal health and restoration. Effective RGC transplantation, fine tuning axon guidance and growth, and synaptogenesis of transplanted and resident RGCs are still areas that require more research.
RECOGNICER: A coarse‐graining approach for identifying broad domains from ChIP‐seq data
Authors: Zang Chongzhi , Wang Yiren , Peng Weiqun
Published: November 2020

Background

Histone modifications are major factors that define chromatin states and have functions in regulating gene expression in eukaryotic cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with high‐throughput sequencing (ChIP‐seq) technique has been widely used for profiling the genome‐wide distribution of chromatin‐associating protein factors. Some histone modifications, such as H3K27me3 and H3K9me3, usually mark broad domains in the genome ranging from kilobases (kb) to megabases (Mb) long, resulting in diffuse patterns in the ChIP‐seq data that are challenging for signal separation. While most existing ChIP‐seq peak‐calling algorithms are based on local statistical models without account of multi‐scale features, a principled method to identify scale‐free board domains has been lacking.

Methods

Here we present RECOGNICER (Recursive
coarse‐
grai
ning
identification for
ChIP‐seq
enriched
regions), a computational method for identifying ChIP‐seq enriched domains on a large range of scales. The algorithm is based on a coarse‐graining approach, which uses recursive block transformations to determine spatial clustering of local enriched elements across multiple length scales.

Results

We apply RECOGNICER to call H3K27me3 domains from ChIP‐seq data, and validate the results based on H3K27me3’s association with repressive gene expression. We show that RECOGNICER outperforms existing ChIP‐seq broad domain calling tools in identifying more whole domains than separated pieces.

Conclusion

RECOGNICER can be a useful bioinformatics tool for next‐generation sequencing data analysis in epigenomics research.
Health care situation in patients with allergic respiratory diseases with special focus on specific immunotherapy
Authors: Valbert Frederik , Neusser Silke , Riederer Cordula , Wobbe-Ribinski Stefanie , Klimek Ludger , Sperl Annette , Pfaar Oliver , Werfel Thomas , Hamelmann Eckard , Neumann Anja , Wasem Jürgen , Biermann-Stallwitz Janine
Published: November 2020

Background

Allergic respiratory diseases have an impact on the performance and quality of life of the patients. The allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is the only causal treatment approach with the chance to positively influence the course of the disease. However, differentiated figures for the treatment of suitable patients in Germany are still missing.

Methods

The health care situation in Germany is examined with a retrospective, cross-sectional, cohort-based health care analysis based on patient data and routine data from statutory health insurance (SHI). Characteristics are identified that encourage or prevent guideline-based care. In addition, data on quality of life and costs of illness of allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma are collected and evaluated.

Results

Routine data provide comprehensive and cross-sectoral information about diagnoses and utilization of health care services. In addition, primary data give information on disease severity, treatment history, quality of life, use of alternative treatment methods, and sociodemographic characteristics of the patients.

Conclusion

Analysis of the care situation with regard to the specific immunotherapy in cases of allergic respiratory diseases (VerSITA) provides a solid basis for future research and for informing decision-makers in order to develop measures to optimize care.
Discriminated by an algorithm: a systematic review of discrimination and fairness by algorithmic decision-making in the context of HR recruitment and HR development
Authors: Köchling Alina , Wehner Marius Claus
Published: November 2020

Algorithmic decision-making is becoming increasingly common as a new source of advice in HR recruitment and HR development. While firms implement algorithmic decision-making to save costs as well as increase efficiency and objectivity, algorithmic decision-making might also lead to the unfair treatment of certain groups of people, implicit discrimination, and perceived unfairness. Current knowledge about the threats of unfairness and (implicit) discrimination by algorithmic decision-making is mostly unexplored in the human resource management context. Our goal is to clarify the current state of research related to HR recruitment and HR development, identify research gaps, and provide crucial future research directions. Based on a systematic review of 36 journal articles from 2014 to 2020, we present some applications of algorithmic decision-making and evaluate the possible pitfalls in these two essential HR functions. In doing this, we inform researchers and practitioners, offer important theoretical and practical implications, and suggest fruitful avenues for future research.
Banter Versus Bullying: a University Student Perspective
Authors: Buglass Sarah L. , Abell Loren , Betts Lucy R. , Hill Rowena , Saunders Jessica
Published: November 2020

Banter, a form of social communication, is perceived to enhance social cohesion between friends in online and offline contexts. A fine line between banter and bullying behaviours exists however, with some instances of banter perceived as bullying, cyberbullying, and relational aggression. Two qualitative studies explored university students’ understanding and experiences of banter. Study 1 reports the findings from a content analysis of open-ended survey responses obtained from 190 UK-based psychology undergraduate students (18–35 years; 24 male, 166 female). Results suggested that students perceived banter to be indicative of humorous, positively intentioned social exchanges between friends, with few inferring potential links to negative behaviours. Study 2 data was generated from four focus groups (n = 21; 18–26 years; 15 female, 5 male, and 1 non-binary) guided by semi-structured interviews and banter/bullying vignettes. Interpretative phenomenological analysis identified four key themes: characteristics, social context, intent, and self-preservation. Discussions highlighted how students’ evaluations of banter were more complex than the results of study 1 had inferred. Students differentiate social interactions, using numerous verbal and text-based communication cues, and social rules of engagement to appraise and interpret intent. The study contributes to the currently sparse literature concerning university students’ use and experience of banter in offline and digital settings.
Characterization of a bonding method for titanium-glass sealing
Authors: Winkler Sebastian , Edelmann Jan , Schubert Andreas
Published: November 2020

Applications for smart medical implants require hermetic and mechanically strong seals between functional and biocompatible materials. Hermetic seals between titanium Ti6Al4V and silica-based glass can be produced using a novel bonding method based on glass pressing at temperatures around the softening point. This paper presents investigation results for the tensile bond strength and the gas leak rate depending on the manufacturing process parameters. Notably, when using blasted surfaces, the tensile bond strengths reached 12 MPa and good adherence with very low leakage due to the removed oxide layer and surface structure. The interface is analyzed and characterized by applying SEM methods related to the different adhesion mechanisms.
The structure of the lithosphere and upper mantle beneath the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East
Authors: McKenzie Dan
Published: November 2020

Surface velocity measurements show that the Middle East is one of the most actively deforming regions of the continents. The structure of the underlying lithosphere and convecting upper mantle can be explored by combining three types of measurement. The gravity field from satellite and surface measurements is supported by the elastic properties of the lithosphere and by the underlying mantle convection. Three dimensional shear wave velocities can be determined by tomographic inversion of surface wave velocities. The shear wave velocities of the mantle are principally controlled by temperature, rather than by composition. The mantle composition can be obtained from that of young magmas. Application of these three types of observation to the Eastern Mediterranean and Middle East shows that the lithosphere thickness in most parts is no more than 50-70 km, and that the elastic thickness is less than 5 km. Because the lithosphere is so thin and weak the pattern of the underlying convection is clearly visible in the topography and gravity, as well as controlling the volcanism. The convection pattern takes the form of spokes: lines of hot upwelling mantle, joining hubs where the upwelling is three dimensional. It is the same as that seen in high Rayleigh number laboratory and numerical experiments. The lithospheric thicknesses beneath the seafloor to the SW of the Hellenic Arc and beneath the NE part of the Arabian Shield are more than 150 km and the elastic thicknesses are 30–40 km.
Effect of lumbar puncture educational video on parental knowledge and self-reported intended practice
Authors: Temsah Mohamad-Hani , Al-Eyadhy Ayman , Alsohime Fahad , Alhasan Khalid A. , Bashiri Fahad A. , Salleeh Hashim Bin , Hasan Gamal M. , Alhaboob Ali , Al-Sabei Narjes , Al-Wehaibi Abdullah , Temsah Omar , Somily Ali M. , Al-Zamil Fahad
Published: November 2020

Background:

Lumbar puncture (LP) remains an essential diagnostic procedure for neurological and infectious diseases. However, it remains a source of anxiety to patients and families. This research aimed to assess the impact of a newly developed educational simplified video about LP, in the parents' native language, that is tailored to their social background and beliefs and to assess whether it can facilitate their consent for the procedure.

Methods:

This prospective, interventional study was conducted at the outpatient pediatric clinics at a teaching hospital. The conventional arm used verbal explanation about LP. The second method utilized a standardized video, having the same information as the conventional arm, with streaming of graphic depictions. Parents' knowledge and perceived LP risks were measured before and after the intervention.

Results:

Two hundred and one parents were enrolled, with no significant differences in the socio-demographic and baseline characteristics. Both verbal and video-based counseling were found to provide a statistically significant increase in knowledge scores, and a Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that knowledge gains for both groups were statistically significant (Verbal Explanation: W = 2693, n = 83, P < .001 and Video: W = 5538, n = 117, P < .001). However, the conventional verbal counseling resulted in more consistent gain of knowledge (SD = 14.5) as compared to the video group (SD = 18.94). The video group reported higher perceived risk (Mean 8.2, SD 3.59) than the verbal explanation group (Mean 7.12, SD 2.51). The less educated parents perceived LP procedure to be of significantly higher risk after watching the video (P < .001). It was found that 73.6% of persons with perceived intention to refuse LP changed their opinion after either of the counseling interventions, with significant opinion difference pre- and post-counseling intervention (P value .002).

Conclusions:

Video education in parents' native language about LP is as effective as conventional verbal education for informed consent, with the additional advantage of reproducibility and more illustrations to give parents better insight. However, this video should be followed by direct interaction with parents to ensure their full understanding and address any further concerns.
Clinical Impact of a Dedicated Trauma Hybrid Operating Room
Authors: Loftus Tyler J. , Croft Chasen A. , Rosenthal Martin D. , Mohr Alicia M. , Efron Philip A. , Moore Frederick A. , Upchurch Gilbert R. , Smith Stephen R
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND:

Early hemorrhage control is essential to optimal trauma care. Hybrid operating rooms offer early, concomitant performance of advanced angiographic and operative hemostasis techniques, but their clinical impact is unclear. Herein, we present our initial experience with a dedicated, trauma hybrid operating room.

STUDY DESIGN:

This retrospective cohort analysis of 292 adult trauma patients undergoing immediate surgery at a Level I trauma center compared patients managed after implementation of a dedicated, trauma hybrid operating room (n = 186) with historic controls (n = 106). The primary outcomes were time to hemorrhage control (systolic blood pressure ≥ 100 mmHg without ongoing vasopressor or transfusion requirements), early blood product administration, and complication.

RESULTS:

Patient characteristics were similar between cohorts (age 41 years, 25% female, 38% penetrating trauma). The hybrid cohort had lower initial hemoglobin (10.2 vs 11.1 g/dL, p = 0.001) and a greater proportion of patients undergoing resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (9% vs 1%, p = 0.007). Cohorts had similar case mixes and intraoperative consultation with cardiothoracic or vascular surgery (13%). Twenty-one percent of all hybrid cases included angiography. The interval between operating room arrival and hemorrhage control was shorter in the hybrid cohort (49 vs 60 minutes, p = 0.005). From 4 to 24 hours after arrival, the hybrid cohort had fewer red cell (0.0 vs 1.0, p = 0.001) and plasma transfusions (0.0 vs 1.0, p < 0.001). The hybrid cohort had fewer infectious complications (15% vs 27%, p = 0.009) and ventilator days (2.0 vs 3.0, p = 0.011), and similar in-hospital mortality (13% vs 10%, p = 0.579).

CONCLUSIONS:

Implementation of a dedicated, trauma hybrid operating room was associated with earlier hemorrhage control and fewer early blood transfusions, infectious complications, and ventilator days.
Effect of x-ray irradiation on threshold voltage of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs with p-GaN and MIS gates
Authors: Qi Yongle , Wang Denggui , Zhou Jianjun , Zhang Kai , Kong Yuechan , Wu Suzhen , Chen Tangsheng
Published: November 2020

Commercially available AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) are beginning to enter the public scene from a range of suppliers. Based on previous studies, commercial GaN-based electronics are expected to be tolerant to different types of irradiation in space. To test this assumption, we compared the characteristic electrical curves obtained at different X-ray irradiation doses for GaN HEMT devices manufactured by Infineon and Transphorm. The p-GaN-based device was found to be more robust with a stable threshold voltage, whereas the threshold voltage of the device with a metal-insulator-semiconductor gate was found to shift first in the negative and then the positive direction. This dynamic phenomenon is caused by the releasing and trapping effects of radiation-induced charges in the dielectric layer and at the interface of irradiated devices. As such, the p-GaN-gate-based GaN HEMT provides a promising solution for use as an electric source in space.
Hidden risks of consumer-grade biometrics
Authors: Amein John
Published: November 2020

The use of biometrics to confirm an individual's identity has now progressed from a novelty to a common capability – thanks mainly to Apple, Samsung, Google and others who introduced fingerprint, face and sometimes iris biometric technology onto their mobile devices. Apple recently announced the planned addition of Touch ID and Face ID to its Safari browser. As a result, biometric authentication has become an inextricable part of consumer devices, thus coining the term ‘consumer-grade’ biometrics.
Can graphs mitigate against coronavirus-related cybercrime?
Authors: Hodler Amy
Published: November 2020

Cyber criminals are exploiting the spread of Covid-19 in order to carry out fraud and cybercrime, pinpointing aid programmes as easy targets. With the pandemic spreading apace, funds are being issued hastily to provide service and support to local communities. Trust is being exploited by these malevolent actors.

Fraud is evolving continuously and the pandemic has given cyber criminals unique opportunitiesto leverage existing attack techniques.

Traditional fraud detection solutions are not powerful enough because they are built on relational databases that provide no context for the data. By comparison, graphs not only explain individual data points but also their relationships with one another. This enables even the most complex relationships to be shown in a meaningful way, explains Amy Hodler of Neo4j.
The future of 5G smart home network security is micro-segmentation
Authors: Wasicek Armin
Published: November 2020

IDC predicts that there will be around 41.6 billion connected IoT devices in 2025, and GSMA predicts 20% of connections will be 5G by the same year. 1 In a 5G world, many IoT devices will connect directly to the network, which will bring new cyber security challenges and opportunities alike. For carriers, providing strong cyber security built into their networks will be a competitive advantage at first, and ultimately will become a must-have for all carriers.

IDC predicts that there will be around 41.6 billion connected IoT devices in 2025, and GSMA predicts 20% of connections will be 5G by the same year.

In a 5G world, many IoT devices will connect directly to the network, which will bring new cyber security challenges and opportunities. For carriers, providing strong cyber security built into their networks will be a competitive advantage at first, and ultimately will become a must-have for all, according to Armin Wasicek of Avast.
Digital identities – self-sovereignty and blockchain are the keys to success
Authors: Seifert René
Published: November 2020

The UK Government recently announced that it is looking to develop secure digital identities for citizens, following its long-awaited response to a call for evidence last year to seek views on a future policy around digital identities. 1 Following a review of information received from this call, the Government said it is looking to develop proposals for a legal framework to remove regulatory barriers that prevent the use of secure digital identities, and establish safeguards for citizens. It will also develop the next generation of digital identity use in government, and promote a pragmatic approach to international digital identity standards.
Mediality in the Middle Ages
Authors: Kiening Christian
Published: November 2020

In medieval culture, media forms were places of mediated immediacy. They transported a presence of the divine, but also knowledge of its unattainability. This volume investigates the multi-layered and fascinating approaches of medieval authors to the word and writing, the body and materiality, and their experimentation with the possibilities of media before the concept was invented. The book presents, for the first time, a coherent, tightly argued history of medieval mediality, which also casts a new light on modern thinking about the medial.
Chinese "Cancer Villages"
Authors: Luo Yajuan , Cheng Pengli , Chen Ajiang
Published: November 2020

The phenomenon of ‘cancer villages’ has emerged in many parts of rural China, drawing media attention and becoming a fact of social life. However, the relationship between pollution and disease is often hard to discern. Through sociological analysis of several villages with different social and economic structures, the authors offer a comprehensive, historically grounded analysis of the coexistence between the incidence of cancer, environmental pollution and villagers’ lifestyles, as well as the perceptions, claims and responses of different actors. They situate the appearance of ‘cancer villages’ in the context of social, economic and cultural change in China, tracing the evolution of the issue over two decades, and providing deep insights into the complex interactions and trade-offs between economic growth, environmental change and public health.
Theme Park Fandom
Authors: Williams Rebecca
Published: November 2020

This book argues that serious study of theme parks and their adult fans has much to tell us about contemporary transmediality and convergence, themed and immersive spaces, and audience relationships with places of meaning. Considering the duopoly of Disney and Universal in Orlando, the book explores a range of theme park experiences including planning trips, meeting characters, eating and drinking, engaging in practices such as cosplay and re-enactment, and memorializing lost attractions. Highlighting key themes such as immersion, materiality, cultural distinctions, and self-identity, the book argues that theme parks are a crucial site for the exploration of transmediality and the development of paratexts. Proposing the key concepts of spatial transmedia and haptic fandom, the book offers analysis of the intersections between fandom, media texts, and merchandise, as well as fans' own affective and physical responses to visiting the parks.