bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Globolocalization versus Russophony: the search for an alternative to hybridity and cross-cultural situation
Authors:   National Academy of Arts of Ukraine, Bilchenko Evgeniia V.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the research topic is due to social contradictions caused by the proliferation of glovolocalization, transculturation and translocality projects in the global culture, associated with the active implementation of the manipulative practices of adaptation of linguistic and cultural locuses to the global market. Hybridity as a basic property of postmodernity requires the interpretation of these projects on the basis of new methodological premises: philosophy of media, structuralism and poststructuralism, critical theory. The neoliberal hehemony lays in the basis of these projects an imaginary tolerant cross-cultural phenomenon, which often makes it difficult to identify the deepest paradoxes of their repressiveness. The central project of cross-culture today is glocalism. The aim of the research is to carry out a comparative analysis of global localization and Russophony as alternative (pragmatic and ethical) ways of resolving hybrid conflicts between cultures and finding ways of dialogue at the global (world) and local (Russian) levels. As a result of the analysis of materials on glocalization, the author comes to the conclusion about the existence of a number of legitimate contradictions in glocalism, the main ones of which are: the contradiction between capital and labor, time and space; the contradiction between ethical universalism and the economic particularism of the market; the contradiction between the imaginary freedom of horizontal communication and the asymmetric governing structure of organized haos; the contradiction between transnational companies and the state, which risks losing its national and civilizational subjectivity; the contradiction between the promises to the regions from transnational companies and the real possibilities of the regions; double codes in relation to protest movements in globalist and anti-globalist regions. As an alternative to glocalization in relation to Russia and a number of other countries, including Ukraine, we propose a solidarity project of Russophony as a mechanism of linguistic solidarization of cultural subjects on civilizational, cultural and symbolic grounds.
Problems of the mediation function of East Asian English variants for Russian communicants
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Proshina Zoya G.
Published: December 2021

Communicating with Chinese, Japanese, and Korean users in English is a challenge for Russians, even if they have a perfect command of English. This is due to the fact that while performing a global function and retaining local features, the English language, non-native to its users, has specific phonetic features revealed as an accent in oral speech, as well as certain graphic innovations, which aggravates translating proper names and culture-loaded words into Russian in a written form of communication. The challenges result from co-existence of several transliteration systems in these languages, non-traditional sound and letter correlations as compared with British and American Englishes, non-traditional translation correlations when transliterating from Roman to Cyrillic. Translation problems proper are complicated by lexico-semantic and pragmatic factors, which can be interpreted only on the cultural basis. These challenges make it necessary to integrate the World Englishes paradigm into the courses of English departments, as well as preparing special textbooks and reference sources.
Between “own” and “alien”: linguistic and artistic realities, problems and perspectives of the literatures of the indigenous peoples of the North and the Far East
Authors:   Kazan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Arzamazov Aleksei A.
Published: December 2021

The article discusses linguistic and artistic realities, problems and perspectives of the literatures of the indigenous peoples of the North and the Far East. The author fixes the widespread writing of works in Russian, comprehends the reasons for the linguistic transition, raises the question of the theoretical and substantive expansion of the concept of “national literature”, emphasizes the importance of the individual author's ethnocultural component. The author considers as a landmark projection of the development of “minority” national literatures the method of including elements of the “native” language in a Russian-language poem, an appeal to the topic “native language”, the experience of accidentally recognizing one's own in the sounds of a genetically non-native language. Special attention is paid to the problem of literary translation into Russian, some scenarios of distortion of texts in translations and reduction precedents of important mythological contexts are presented. The conclusions obtained during the analysis of a large corpus of poetic texts from the Nenets, Dolgan, Even, Chukchi, Koryak, Nanai literatures can be of significant analytical interest in a comparative aspect.
Creative laboratory of the author: functional bilingualism in the preparation of a written text
Authors:   Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, Sergieva Natalia S.
Published: December 2021

The report examines the peculiarities of bilingualism of the outstanding Russian-American sociologist Pitirim Sorokin (1898–1968) based on his archival working materials from the University of Saskatchewan (Canada). The purpose of the study is to identify and explain the linguistic features of his scientific thinking in connection with the conditions of translinguism. Based on the material of Pitirim Sorokin’s working notes, the features of his work on the creation of the book “Contemporary Sociological Theories” (1928) are considered. Correspondences between the preparatory notes and the final text of the book are established. The specifics of translingual practices in the scientific activity of a scientist are revealed. Archival manuscripts and notes allow you to trace not only the process of changing the language and switching codes. The use of a mixed meta-language by Pitirim Sorokin in the work on the preparatory materials of the book has been established. At the same time, a functional distribution of language codes is revealed. Russian language is a working tool of scientific thinking, planning and management of research activities.
Efficacy of Live Attenuated Dengue Vaccines: CYD-TDV; TDV (TAK-003) and TV003/TV005
Authors: Hertanto Yoseph Jeffry , Novita Bernadette Dian
Published: December 2021

Highlight:Differences in the efficacy of CYD-TDV versus the other TAK-003 and TV003/TV005 were discussed.One licensed dengue vaccine is CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia). Abstract:Dengue fever is the most common tropical disease, but there still remains no specific therapy that can overcome it. Special attention needs to be paid to this disease, because there were large increases in incidence in the last decade. As an effective preventive strategy, finding a new vaccine for dengue fever with higher potentiation and efficacy is highly necessary to stop dengue transmission especially in the endemic area. Vaccine triggers an immune response, so that it can create a robust immune response when infected. Nowadays, there is only one licensed dengue vaccine that is CYD-TDV (Dengvaxia). However, this vaccine still has many weaknesses, namely its dependency on the serostatus of the recipient. There are also other dengue vaccines that are in ongoing clinical testing and have promising results, TDV (TAK-003) and TV003/TV005. These three vaccines are live attenuated vaccines with various results. This review discussed differences in the efficacy of CYD-TDV against the other TAK-003 and TV003/TV005; considering the known and unknown various factors.
The Role of Physical Exercise Intesity to Irisin Levels on Overweight and Obese
Authors: Abdulloh Ido Nur , Sugiharto Sugiharto , Rejeki Purwo Sri
Published: December 2021

Highlight:The differences in intensity physical exercise mechanisms associated with increased irisin secretion in overweight and obese subjects were determined.The secretion of irisin in the right intensity blood on obesity can be reduced because the calories were balanced. Abstract:Physical exercise is a non-pharmacological therapy that can secrete various types of myokines to treat obesity problems. One of the myokines that play a role is irisin. Irisin is a polypeptide hormone with 112 amino acid residues that are synthesized in skeletal muscle after the proteolytic precursor cleavage of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5). The release of irisin in the blood circulation will stimulate the browning process in white fat tissue by inducing the expression of uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) through signaling p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) to increase energy expenditure, thermogenesis and reduce fat accumulation. This study described the differences in intensity of physical exercise mechanisms associated with the increased irisin secretion in overweight and obese subjects. This study was designed as a literature review that involved studies from research journals in the last 10 years concerning humans from some databases, such as Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar. This study also discussed the relationship between the intensity of physical exercise and the synthesis, secretion, circulation, and regulation of irisin in preventing obesity.
Indikasi Praktek Monopoli Dalam Pembayaran Tiket Kereta Api (KAI Access) Melalui Dompet Elektronik di Indonesia
Authors: Utoyo Enudio Aprilian
Published: December 2021

AbstractThis article, which aims to analyze the indications of unfair business competition by PT. Kereta Api Indonesia in selling local train tickets through the KAI Access application with payment methods via electronic wallets regulated under Law Number 5 of 1999 concerning the Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Unfair Business Competition and also aims to determine whether the occurrence of deadweight loss is caused by on the existence of a monopoly in a market. This writing uses a normative research method, namely by researching the applicable laws and regulations by using a statutory approach, conceptual approach, and case study. Monopoly is a condition where there is only one business actor in a market, this condition becomes a problem if the business actor uses his monopoly power to dominate the market so that there are barriers to entry into the market. In this case, the purchase of local train tickets through KAI Access can only be paid for using the LinkAja electronic wallet.Keywords: Monopoly; Deadweight Loss; Elecronic Wallet.AbstrakDalam artikel ini yang bertujuan untuk menganalisis dari adanya indikasi persaingan usaha yang tidak sehat oleh PT. Kereta Api Indonesia dalam penjualan tiket kereta api lokal melalui aplikasi KAI Access dengan metode pembayaran melalui dompet elektronik yang diatur berdasarkan oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1999 tentang Larangan Praktek Monopoli dan Persaingan Usaha Tidak Sehat dan juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah terjadinya deadweight loss di sebabkan atas adanya monopoli dalam suatu pasar. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian normatif yaitu dengan cara meniliti terhadap peraturan perudang-undangan yang berlaku dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatn konseptual dan case study. Monopoli merupakan kondisi dimana hanya ada satu pelaku usaha dalam suatu pasar, kondisi tersebut menjadi masalah apabila pelaku usaha menggunakan kekuatan monopoli nya untuk menguasai pasar sehingga adanya hambatan masuk ke dalam pasar tersebut. Dalam hal ini terdapat pembelian tiket kereta api lokal melalui KAI Access hanya dapat di bayar menggunakan dompet elektronik LinkAja. Kata Kunci: Monopoli; Deadweight Loss; Dompet Elektronik.
Logistics processes in a tourism destination
Authors: Ivanovic Zoran , Baldigara Tea
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this paper is to underline the importance of understanding tourism destinations as organisational systems, examine logistics as a system or subsystem of the tourism destination system, and identify and define the logistics processes that are involved in creating the product of a tourism destination. The paper is based on the assumption that logistics processes play an important role in shaping the offering of a tourism destination. Understanding tourism destinations as organisational systems can help in optimising logistics flows, and this is becoming a vital precondition to creating a well-designed offering for a tourism destination.
Defining Priorities for Action and Research on the Commercial Determinants of Health: A Conceptual Review
Authors: Freudenberg Nicholas , Lee Kelley , Buse Kent , Collin Jeff , Crosbie Eric , Friel Sharon , Klein Daniel Eisenkraft , Lima Joana Madureira , Marten Robert , Mialon Melissa , Zenone Marco
Published: December 2021

In recent years, the concept of commercial determinants of health (CDoH) has attracted scholarly, public policy, and activist interest. To date, however, this new attention has failed to yield a clear and consistent definition, well-defined metrics for quantifying its impact, or coherent directions for research and intervention.

By tracing the origins of this concept over 2 centuries of interactions between market forces and public health action and research, we propose an expanded framework and definition of CDoH. This conceptualization enables public health professionals and researchers to more fully realize the potential of the CDoH concept to yield insights that can be used to improve global and national health and reduce the stark health inequities within and between nations. It also widens the utility of CDoH from its main current use to study noncommunicable diseases to other health conditions such as infectious diseases, mental health conditions, injuries, and exposure to environmental threats.

We suggest specific actions that public health professionals can take to transform the burgeoning interest in CDoH into meaningful improvements in health. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(12):2202–2211. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306491 )
Effects of Government-Implemented Cash Plus Model on Violence Experiences and Perpetration Among Adolescents in Tanzania, 2018‒2019
Authors: Palermo Tia , Prencipe Leah , Kajula Lusajo ,   for the Tanzania Cash Plus Evaluation Team
Published: December 2021

Objectives. To examine the impacts of a government-implemented cash plus program on violence experiences and perpetration among Tanzanian adolescents.

Methods. We used data from a cluster randomized controlled trial (n = 130 communities) conducted in the Mbeya and Iringa regions of Tanzania to isolate impacts of the “plus” components of the cash plus intervention. The panel sample comprised 904 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years living in households receiving a government cash transfer. We estimated intent-to-treat impacts on violence experiences, violence perpetration, and pathways of impact.

Results. The plus intervention reduced female participants’ experiences of sexual violence by 5 percentage points and male participants’ perpetration of physical violence by 6 percentage points. There were no intervention impacts on emotional violence, physical violence, or help seeking. Examining pathways, we found positive impacts on self-esteem and participation in livestock tending and, among female participants, a positive impact on sexual debut delays and a negative effect on school attendance.

Conclusions. By addressing poverty and multidimensional vulnerability, integrated social protection can reduce violence.

Public Health Implications. There is high potential for scale-up and sustainability, and this program reaches some of the most vulnerable and marginalized adolescents. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(12):2227–2238. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306509 )
Using Statewide Electronic Health Record and Influenza Vaccination Data to Plan and Prioritize COVID-19 Vaccine Outreach and Communications in Wisconsin Communities
Authors: Bonham-Werling Jessica , DeLonay Allie J. , Stephenson Kristina , Hendricks Korina A. , Bednarz Lauren , Weiss Jennifer M. , Gigot Matthew , Smith Maureen A.
Published: December 2021

The University of Wisconsin Neighborhood Health Partnerships Program used electronic health record and influenza vaccination data to estimate COVID-19 relative mortality risk and potential barriers to vaccination in Wisconsin ZIP Code Tabulation Areas. Data visualization revealed four groupings to use in planning and prioritizing vaccine outreach and communication based on ZIP Code Tabulation Area characteristics. The program provided data, visualization, and guidance to health systems, health departments, nonprofits, and others to support planning targeted outreach approaches to increase COVID-19 vaccination uptake. (Am J Public Health. 2021;111(12):2111–2114. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306524 )
Essential Oils From Cymbopogon Citratus and Lippia Sidoides in the Anesthetic Induction and Transport of Ornamental Fish Pterophyllum Scalare
Authors: de Oliveira Iara Cruz , Oliveira Rebeca Santos Matos , Lemos Carlos Henrique da Paixão , de Oliveira Crislaine Palmeira Barbosa , Silva Altiery Felix e , Lorenzo Vitor Prates , Lima Alberto Oliveira , Cruz André Luis da , Copatti Carlos Eduardo
Published: December 2021

This study verified the effects of essential oils from Lippia sidoides (EOLS) and Cymbopogon citratus (EOCC) on the anesthesia of freshwater angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) of two different sizes (juveniles I (0.82 g) and II (2.40 g)) and on the transport (8 h) of juveniles II. Fish were exposed to different concentrations of EOLS and EOCC: 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, and 250 mg L−1. Ventilatory rate (VR) and transport for 8 h with 0, 10, and 15 mg L−1 of each essential oil were evaluated in juveniles II. The major components found in EOLS and EOCC were carvacrol (44.50%) and a-citral (73.56%), respectively. The best sedation and anesthesia times for both essential oils were obtained with 10 and 25 mg L−1 and 200 and 250 mg L−1 for juveniles I and II, respectively. Fish sedated with EOLS had lower VR values than the other treatments. For transported fish, blood glucose levels were higher in ornamental fish transported with 10 and 15 mg EOLS L−1 and 15 mg EOCC L−1. Hepatic glycogen values were higher in the control group. In general, fish transported with 10 mg EOLS L−1 showed fewer gill histological alterations than other transported fish. When the type of lesion was evaluated, the highest gill alterations occurred in fish transported with EOCC. In conclusion, for the transport of juveniles II, 10 mg EOLS L−1 could be used because although this concentration increased blood glucose, it decreased the VR and caused only mild alterations to the gills.
Resource Management and 3D Deployment in Power-Efficient Multi-UAV Networks
Authors: Sun Yongjun , Zhang Liaoping , Liu Zujun
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the scenario in which multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide service to ground users is considered. Under the condition of satisfying the minimum rate per user and system load balance, the user association, bandwidth allocation and three dimensional (3D) deployment of multi-UAV networks are optimized jointly to minimize the total downlink transmit power of UAVs. Since the problem is hard to solve directly, it is decomposed into three sub-problems, and then the problem is solved by alternating iteration algorithm. First, when the UAV’s location is determined, a modified K-means algorithm is used to obtain balanced user clustering. Then, when the user association and UAV’s 3D deployment are determined, the convex optimization method is used to obtain the optimal bandwidth allocation. Finally, when the user association and optimal bandwidth allocation are determined, a modified differential evolution algorithm is proposed to optimize the 3D location of the UAVs. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the transmit power of UAVs compared with the existing algorithms under the conditions of satisfying the minimum rate of ground users and system load balance.
Non-SMC Condensin I Complex Subunit G Is a Prognostic Biomarker of Immune Infiltration in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhou Yong , Fan Yongfei , Lou Ming , Liu Xiaoshuang , Mao Yifeng , Yuan Kai , Tong Jichun
Published: December 2021

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G (NCAPG) plays a significant role in tumor development. This study aimed to analyse the prognostic value and immunotherapy of NCAPG in non-small cell lung cancer. We set up a tissue microarray (containing 140 NSCLC and 10 normal lung tissues) and performed immunohistochemistry to assess NCAPG expression in the tissues of 140 patients. The receiver operating characteristic curves showed the diagnostic value of NCAPG. The prognostic value of NCAPG in NSCLC was assessed using the univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models and Kaplan–Meier plots. We analyzed the association between NCAPG and immune infiltration in NSCLC. In addition, NCAPG expression and the degree of immune infiltration were evaluated based on data from TIMER and cumulative survival probability, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of NACPG was performed. Based on the database analysis and immunohistochemistry, the NCAPG expression was upregulated in patients with lung cancer compared with para cancer controls (p < 0.001). Multifactorial analysis and Kaplan–Meier plots revealed that upregulation of NCAPG expression was an independent factor in the prognosis of NSCLC. Data from CIBERSORT showed a negative correlation between NCAPG and the expression of memory CD4T cells, CD8T cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, and NK cells (p < 0.001). GSEA revealed that cell cycle, adhesion and proliferation were significantly enriched in samples with a high NCAPG expression. NCAPG is a novel biomarker of prognosis and is associated with immune cell infiltration in the tumor microenvironment. Thus, it can be a potential target in NSCLC treatment.
Monovalent Ions and Stress-Induced Senescence in Human Mesenchymal Endometrial Stem Cells
Authors: Shatrova Alla , Pugovkina Natalja , Domnina Alisa , Nikolsky Nikolaj , Marakhova Irina
Published: December 2021

Monovalent ions are involved in growth, proliferation, differentiation of cells as well as in their death. This work concerns the ion homeostasis during senescence induction in human mesenchymal endometrium stem cells (hMESC): hMESCs subjected to oxidative stress (pulse H2O2 treatment) enter the premature senescence accompanied by persistent DNA damage, irreversible cell cycle arrest, cell hypertrophy, lipofuscin accumulation, enhanced β-galactosidase activity. Using flame photometry to estimate K+, Na+ content and Rb+ (K+) fluxes we found that during the senescence development in stress-induced hMESCs, Na+/K+pump-mediated K+ fluxes are enhanced due to the increased Na+ content in senescent cells, while ouabain-resistant K+ fluxes remain unchanged. Senescence progression is accompanied by a peculiar decrease in the K+ content in cells from 800-900 µmol/g to 500-600 µmol/g. Since cardiac glycosides are offered as selective agents for eliminating senescent cells, we investigated the effect of ouabain on ion homeostasis and viability of hMESCs and found that in both proliferating and senescent hMESCs, ouabain (1 nM-1 µM, 24-48 h) inhibited pump-mediated K+ transport (ID50 5x10-8 M), decreased cell K+/Na+ ratio to 0,1-0,2, however did not induce apoptosis. Comparison of the effect of ouabain on hMESCs with the literature data on the selective cytotoxic effect of cardiac glycosides on senescent or cancer cells suggests the ion pump blockade and intracellular K+ depletion should be synergized with target apoptotic signal to induce the cell death.
Anisotropic charge trapping in phototransistors unlocks ultrasensitive polarimetry
Authors: Pan Jing , Zhang Xiujuan , Wu Yiming , Chen Jinhui , Wang Jinwen , Cheng Shuiling , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhang Xiao-Hong , Jie Jiansheng
Published: December 2021

Being able to probe the polarization states of light is crucial for applications from medical diagnostics and bio-inspired navigation to information encryption and quantum computing. Current state-of-the-art polarimeters based on anisotropic semiconductors enable direct linear dichroism photodetection without the need for bulky and complex external optics. However, their polarization sensitivity is restricted by the inherent optical anisotropy, leading to low dichroic ratios of typically smaller than ten. Here, we unveil an effective and general design rule to achieve a more than 2,000-fold enhanced polarization sensitivity by exploiting a light-induced anisotropic gating effect in organic phototransistors. The polarization-dependent trapping of photogenerated charge carriers provides an anisotropic photo-induced gate for current amplification, which has resulted in an extremely high dichroic ratio of over 1.2×104, more than two orders of magnitude higher than any previous reports. These findings further enable the first demonstration of a novel miniaturized bionic celestial compass for skylight-based polarization navigation. Our results offer a fundamental design principle and a new route for the development of next-generation highly polarization-sensitive optoelectronics.
Role of Climatic Factors In The Toxicity of Fipronil Toward Earthworms In Two Tropical Soils: Effects of Increased Temperature And Reduced Soil Moisture Content
Authors: Hennig Thuanne Braúlio , Alves Paulo Roger Lopes , Bandeira Felipe Ogliari , Cabrera Liziara da Costa , Dugatto Jonas Simon , Silva Marco Aurélio Tramontin da , Baretta Dilmar
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of temperature on the toxicity of fipronil toward earthworms (Eisenia andrei) in two Brazilian soils (Entisol and Oxisol) with contrasting textures. In the case of Entisol, the influence of the soil moisture content on the toxicity was also investigated. Earthworms were exposed for 56 days to soils spiked with increasing concentrations of fipronil under scenarios with different combinations of temperature (20, 25 and 27 ºC) and soil moisture content (60 and 30% of water holding capacity (WHC) for Entisol and 60% WHC for Oxisol). The number of juveniles produced was taken as the endpoint and a risk assessment was performed based on the hazard quotient (HQ). In Entisol, at 60% WHC the fipronil toxicity decreased at 27 ºC compared with the other temperatures tested (EC50 = 52.58, 48.48 and 110 mg kg-1 for 20, 25 and 27 ºC, respectively). In the case of Oxisol at 60% WHC, the fipronil toxicity increased at 27 ºC compared with other temperatures (EC50 = 277.57, 312.87 and 39.89 mg kg-1 at 20, 25 and 27 ºC, respectively). An increase in fipronil toxicity was also observed with a decrease in soil moisture content in Entisol at 27 ºC (EC50 = 27.95 and 110 mg kg-1 for 30% and 60% WHC, respectively). The risk of fipronil was only significant at 27 ºC in Entisol and Oxisol with water contents of 30% and 60% WHC, respectively, revealing that higher temperatures can increase the risk of fipronil toxicity toward earthworms. The results reported herein show that soil properties associated with climatic shifts could enhance the ecotoxicological effects and risk of fipronil for earthworms, depending on the type of soil.
Management Effectiveness Evaluation of World Cultural Landscape Heritage: Case From China
Authors: Zhou Jiami , Wang Wenhui , Zhou Jianqin , Zhang Zhuting , Lu Zixian , Gong Zhiqiang
Published: December 2021

World cultural landscape heritage (WCLH), recognized as combinations of cultural relic and natural landscape with outstanding significance and universal value, is unique in terms of differing from the human deliberate creativity of general cultural heritage and the "de-artificialization" of natural heritage. So far, the management of WCLH has become increasingly standardized. However, with the prevalence of heritage resources development activities like heritage tourism, the phenomenon of "urbanization", "commercialization", "artificialization" and other issues have gradually emerged in WCLH sites. Such that, the management issues of WCLH have turned increasingly serious, leading to intense concerns about unsustainable development of WCLH. Drawing inspirations from management effectiveness (ME) evaluation research of protected areas and acknowledging the uniqueness of WCLH, this study constructs a WCLH ME evaluation system of four general criteria (management foundation, management system, management measures and management performance), sixteen factors and thirty-four indicators. The evaluation system is applied and verified through an empirical study of five existing WCLH sites of China. The empirical results show that the ME of Chinese WCLH is at "good" level. Specifically, the management of Chinese WCLH is overall impressive in indicators of management planning making, heritage protection performance and economic performance, but shows deficiency in indicators of protection fee, management infrastructure, management assessment, management institution, social performance, etc. In the final, this study discusses the management issues of respective heritage sites so as to provide suggestions and inspirations for the development, protection and management of the sites and other cultural landscapes in China and even the world.
Structural Basis for Rapid Voltage Dependent Inactivation of HERG Potassium Channels
Authors: Vandenberg Jamie , Lau Carus , Flood Emelie , Hunter Mark , Ng Chai-Ann , Bouwer James , Stewart Alastair , Perozo Eduardo , Allen Toby
Published: December 2021

The exquisite fine tuning of biological electrical signalling is mediated by variations in the rates of opening and closing of different ion channels(1). In addition to open and closed conformations, ion channels can exist in an inactivated state, which prevents conduction in the presence of a prolonged activating stimulus(2). Human ether-a-go-go related gene (HERG) K+ channels undergo uniquely rapid and voltage dependent inactivation(3-5), which confers upon them a critical role in protecting against cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death(6). Previous structural studies have captured only the open state of the HERG channel(7,8). Here, we have exploited the K+ sensitivity of HERG inactivation to determine structures of both the conductive state and the elusive inactivated state of HERG. We show that hERG inactivation is facilitated by two competing networks of hydrogen bonds behind the selectivity filter that enable rapid and voltage dependent flipping of the valine carbonyls in the centre of the selectivity filter. Our data also explains how changes in extracellular K+ affects the distribution between conductive and inactivated states(9,10) and thereby explains why hypokalaemia reduces HERG channel activity thereby increasing the risk of cardiac arrhythmias(11).
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anaemia Among Children Under Five Years in Ghana: Analysis From the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Opoku Ebenezer , Crankson Shirley , Anokye Nana Kwame
Published: December 2021

Background: Childhood anaemia remains a public health challenge in developing countries, mostly in children under five years in Sub-Sharan Africa. Anaemia in children is a preventable condition; however, it has serious consequences including growth retardation, low cognitive functioning, poor immune system causing an increased susceptibility to diseases, and death. ﻿This study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of anaemia among children under five years in Ghana. Methods: Data from the most recent Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-VIII) was analysed in this study. ﻿Anaemia was examined as a binary variable- anaemic (coded as 1) and non-anaemic (coded as 0). The explanatory variables included age, child’s malaria vaccination status, mother’s number of antenatal visits and household source of drinking water. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model were conducted to identify the risk factors of anaemia in the defined population. Results: 2,434 children aged 6-59 months were included in this analysis. The majority were males (50.5%), aged from 24-42 months (36.1%), and had received malaria vaccine (94.3%). The prevalence of anaemia in the population was 58.35% (95%CI=52.72-63.96). The logistic regression indicated that female children under five years in Ghana are less likely to have anaemia than male children under five years [aOR= 0.74, 95% CI=0.62-0.88, p<0.001]. ﻿Also, children with malaria had about two times the odds of anaemia than those without malaria [95% CI = 1.28-1.87, p<0.001]. Further, children whose mothers had received tertiary education were less likely to have anaemia [aOR= 0.60, 95% CI=0.38-0.96, p=0.03] than those whose mothers had no formal education.Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia is high among children under five years in Ghana, and this prevalence is determined by child’s age and malaria status, maternal education, household wealth index, and place of residence. Consequently, anaemia prevention and management strategies must prioritise these factors to reduce the anaemia prevalence in this population.
Dosimetric Evaluation of Photons Versus Protons in Postmastectomy Planning for Ultrahypofractionated Breast Radiotherapy
Authors: Oonsiri Puntiwa , Nantavithya Chonnipa , Lertbutsayanukul Chawalit , Sarsitthithum Thanaporn , Vimolnoch Mananchaya , Tawonwong Tanawat , Saksornchai Kitwadee
Published: December 2021

Background: Ultrahypofractionation can shorten the irradiation period. This study is the first dosimetric investigation comparing ultrahypofractionation using volumetric arc radiation therapy (VMAT) and intensity-modulated proton radiation therapy (IMPT) techniques in postmastectomy treatment planning. Materials and methods: Twenty postmastectomy patients (10-left and 10-right sided) were replanned with both VMAT and IMPT techniques. There were 4 scenarios: left chest wall, left chest wall including regional nodes, right chest wall, and right chest wall including regional nodes. The prescribed dose was 26 Gy (RBE) in 5 fractions. For VMAT, a 1-cm bolus was added for 2 in 5 fractions. For IMPT, robust optimization was performed on the CTV structure with a 3-mm setup uncertainty and a 3.5% range uncertainty. This study aimed to compare the dosimetric parameters of the PTV, ipsilateral lung, contralateral lung, heart, skin, esophageal, and thyroid doses. Results: The PTV-D95 was kept above 24.7 Gy in both VMAT and IMPT plans. The ipsilateral lung mean dose of the IMPT plans was comparable to that of the VMAT plans. In three of four scenarios, the V5 of the ipsilateral lung in IMPT plans was lower than in VMAT plans. The Dmean and V5 of heart dose were reduced by a factor of 4 in the IMPT plans of the left side. For the right side, the Dmean of the heart was less than 1 Gy for IMPT, while the VMAT delivered approximately 3 Gy. The IMPT plans showed a significantly higher skin dose owing to the lack of a skin-sparing effect in the proton beam. The IMPT plans provided lower esophageal and thyroid mean dose. Conclusion: Despite the higher skin dose with the proton plan, IMPT significantly reduced the dose to adjacent organs at risk, which might translate into the reduction of late toxicities when compared with the photon plan. Key words: proton therapy, ultrahypofractionation, postmastectomy, breast irradiation
Bovine Visceral Schistosomosis Caused By Schistosoma Indicum in Migrant Cattle Slaughtered at Chennai City, Southern India
Authors: Mamane Shivani , Jeyathilakan Narayanaperumal , Latha Bhaskaran Ravi , Senthilkumar T.M.A. , P Raja
Published: December 2021

One hundred and eighty mesentery samples of cattle were collected during a period of October 2019- March 2020 for screening visceral schistosomosis from Perambur slaughter house, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Schistosoma indicum was identified in eleven mesenteries of Nellore breed of cattle based on morphology and worm number varied from 1-114 per mesentry. Molecular confirmation based on 16s RNA revealed it to be S. indicum. It was found that the infection of S. indicum in cattle was first report in Tamil Nadu in last two decades. The slaughtered cattle originated from neighboring states especially Andhrapradesh. The tract of infection needs to be traced accordingly for future control strategies. Awareness must be created among the livestock farmers to prevent production loss due to S. indicum infection while purchasing cattle from neighboring states within India.
The Interaction between Bradyrhizobium Japonicum E109 and Azospirillum Brasilense Az39 Improves Bradyrhizobium-Soybean Symbiosis: The Secrets Behind Co-Inoculation
Authors: Torres Daniela , Donadio Florencia , López Gastón , Molina Romina , Nievas Sofia , Zeljković Sanja Ćavar , Díaz-Zorita Martín , De Diego Nuria , Cassan Fabricio Dario
Published: December 2021

Aims

The aim of this work was evaluating the interaction between two of the most widely used strains for soybean inoculation in Argentina, B. japonicum E109 (BjE109) and A. brasilense Az39 (AbAz39).
Methods

Five treatments were performed: (i) uninoculated seeds; (ii) seeds inoculated with BjE109; (iii) seeds inoculated with AbAz39; (iv) seeds co-inoculated with BjE109 and AbAz39 in a 1:1 proportion (BjE109 + AbAz39) at the seeds sowing and (v) seeds inoculated with a 1:1 proportion of BjE109 and AbAz39 (BjE109-AbAz39) 24 h before seeds sowing. Each treatment was assessed through a seed recovery assay, glasshouse assays and field assays.
Results

The combination between the two strains improved the ability of BjE109 to survive on soybean seeds after inoculation partially explained by AbAz39’s capacity to produce diverse biologically active molecules. As a result of the greater rhizobial survival on seeds the nodulation values and symbiosis parameters like nodule number, size and biomass and nodulation percentage also increased. In agreement with these observations, combining BjE109 and AbAz39 at strains the grain yield under field conditions were 13,3 and 17,3% greater than single BjE109 inoculation.
Conclusions

These results here show that the pre-culture combining BjE109 and AbAz39 before the inoculation to the soybean seeds has benefits in plant nodulation and hence production, more than individual inoculation with BjE109 or AbAz39, or the immediate co-inoculation of both strains.
Identification of Fracturing Behavior In Thermally Cracked Granite Using The Frequency Characteristics of Acoustic Emission
Authors: Sueyoshi Kazumasa , Kitamura Manami , Lei Xinglin , Katayama Ikuo
Published: December 2021

The frequency characteristics of acoustic emission (AE) during triaxial compression of thermally cracked and unheated (“fresh”) granite samples were investigated with the aim of understanding the influence of pre-existing cracks on precursor information regarding macroscopic failure. The peak frequency during the damage process was the same for thermally cracked and fresh granites. Analysis of AE signals showed that signals with low peak frequency appeared before failure of the sample, implying the initiation of microfractures with progressive growth of cracks. The peak amplitude of the frequency spectrum recorded in the thermally cracked samples was much lower than that in the fresh samples. This result suggests two reasons for the difference in peak amplitude: reduction in shear modulus and the attenuation filtering phenomenon caused by thermal cracks. In particular, the maximum value of peak amplitude in the low-frequency band for the thermally cracked samples was smaller than that for fresh samples. This characteristic can be related to the stress drop and crack size. Assuming that pre-existing thermal cracks grow during the pre-failure stage, the events with low peak frequency and low peak amplitude in the heat-treated samples are interpreted as exhibiting a low stress drop because of the small rupturing area for individual events. Therefore, although AE signals with low frequency can be considered as precursors to rock failure, cracking behavior suggested by events with low frequency depends on the initial damage condition of the rock sample.
Scalable production of ultrafine polyaniline fibres for tactile organic electrochemical transistors
Authors: Fang Bo , Yan Jianmin , Chang Dan , Piao Jinli , Ma Kit Ming , Du Qiao , Gao Ping , Chai Yang , Tao Xiaoming
Published: December 2021

The development of continuous conducting polymer fibres is essential for applications ranging from advanced fibrous devices to frontier fabric electronics. The use of continuous conducting polymer fibres requires a small diameter to maximize their electroactive surfaces, microstructural orientations, and mechanical strengths. However, regularly used wet spinning techniques have rarely achieved this goal due primarily to the insufficient slenderization of rapidly solidified conducting polymer molecules in poor solvents. Here we report a good solvent exchange strategy to wet spin the ultrafine polyaniline fibres at the large scale. The slow diffusion between good solvents distinctly decreases the viscosity of gel protofibers, which undergo an impressive drawing ratio. The continuously collected polyaniline fibres have a previously unattained diameter below 5 µm, high energy and charge storage capacities, and favorable mechanical performance. We demonstrated an ultrathin all-solid organic electrochemical transistor based on ultrafine polyaniline fibres, which substantially amplified microampere drain-source electrical signals with less one volt driving voltage and effectively operated as a tactile sensor detecting pressure and friction forces at different levels. The aggressive electronical and electrochemical merits of ultrafine polyaniline fibres and their great potentials to prepare on industrial scale offer new opportunities for high-performance soft electronics and large-area electronic textiles.
Structural, Morphological, Optical, Thermal and Fungicidal Effects of Gamma Aluminum Nanoparticles Synthesized from Pepsi Cans
Authors: Samy Ahmed , Ismail A. M. , Kabary Hoda
Published: December 2021

In the present work, Gamma Aluminum oxide (γ-Al2O3) is prepared from wastes (Pepsi Cans). These cans have a structure that contains more than 98 percent aluminum oxide, and they were effectively manufactured to generate nano-sized gamma alumina under mild parameters. Characterization of the prepared nanoparticles are characterizes using different techniques as X-ray diffraction (XRD), High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Attenuated total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR), Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Also, antifungal activity of γ Al2O3 was applied to widespread pathogenic fungi: Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria sp..at different nanoparticles concentrations to determine the maximum fungicidal concentration of the tested nanoparticles on the fungal strains. All characterization confirmed the formation of γ Al2O3 with nearly 2-3 nm and TGA data explains it is thermal stability. By investigating the fungicidal concentration, Data showed the antifungal activity of the selected nanoparticles shows concentration dependent manner based on the fungal strain sensitivity. The maximum antifungal activity of aluminum nanoparticles detected at concentration (3, 6 and 50mg/100ml) with inhibition percentage of (94.2, 95 and 93.3 %) for A flavus, F.oxsporum andAlternaria sp., respectively.
Investigating the Conditions of Automatic Assembly of Polyhedral Joints
Authors: Vartanov Mikhail Vladimirovich , Nikolaevna Zinina Inna , Leontievna Klimenko Irina , Van Tran Dinh
Published: December 2021

Purpose – Providing the technological reliability of the robotic assembly of joints with RK-profile on the basis of adaptation devices and low-frequency oscillations. Design/methodology/approach – Ensuring the assembly conditions is achieved by the vibration device that provides oscillations relative to the two axes, perpendicular to the assembly direction and rotation about the assembly axis. Compensation of the linear error in the position of the parts is attained by an adaptive gripper with a flexible link. Findings – A mathematical model describing the assembly process of parts relative to the non-inertial coordinate system is developed. The technological modes of profile parts assembly are defined. Originality/value – The robotic assembly method of profile joints by the adaptation devices, namely a combination of elastic fixing of the installed profile part and the simultaneous rotation and vibration of the base part to improve the process reliability is developed. Experimental studies confirmed the adequacy of the created mathematical model. The patent for the assembly method of profile joints with a gap is received.
NAND And NOR Logic-In-Memory Comprising Silicon Nanowire Feedback Field-Effect Transistors
Authors: Yang Yejin , Jeon Juhee , Son Jaemin , Cho Kyoungah , Kim Sangsig
Published: December 2021

The processing of large amounts of data requires a high energy efficiency and fast processing time for high-performance computing systems. However, conventional von Neumann computing systems have performance limitations because of bottlenecks in data movement between separated processing and memory hierarchy, which causes latency and high power consumption. To overcome this hindrance, logic-in-memory (LIM) has been proposed that performs both data processing and memory operations. Here, we present a NAND and NOR LIM composed of silicon nanowidre feedback field-effect transistors, whose configuration resembles that of CMOS logic gate circuits. The LIM can perform memory operations to retain its output logic under zero-bias conditions as well as logic operations with a high processing speed of nanoseconds. The newly proposed dynamic voltage-transfer characteristics verify the operating principle of the LIM. This study demonstrates that the NAND and NOR LIM has promising potential to resolve power and processing speed issues.