bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le tatouage comme archive, de la trace de l’écriture à l’écriture de la trace
Authors: Wiener Simone
Published: March 2020

Ces dernières années, les tatouages font l’objet d’un véritable engouement mais, à la différence de ceux des sociétés traditionnelles, ce sont des motifs originaux et choisis individuellement.

Comment saisir cette pratique qui consiste à inscrire quelque chose sur la peau, de façon indélébile ? Pourrait-elle avoir la fonction de nous arrimer à un lieu, à un nom, à un collectif ?

Je partirai du corps en tant qu’espace pour ouvrir ma réflexion sur la pluralité des tatouages.

Je ferai quelques hypothèses sur les formes différentes d’inscriptions corporelles allant du stigmate à la parure érotique donnée à voir jusqu’à la marque identitaire. Le tatouage, dans certains cas, pourrait-il constituer une sorte d’appui symbolique, l’écriture d’une trace visible sur le corps dont la nécessité serait d’empêcher l’oubli ?
De la scarification au tatouage : une écriture intime
Authors: Rioult Catherine
Published: March 2020

Dans les sociétés traditionnelles, le corps sert de carte d’identité. L’anthropologie a mis en évidence que le corps marqué par des scarifications et/ou des tatouages porte le système de signes d’un groupe social qui permet à un individu d’en identifier un autre au premier regard.

La psychanalyse permet, elle, d’accéder au discours que le jeune ne peut pas énoncer verbalement mais qu’il inscrit sur sa peau, dans les scarifications et les tatouages.

L’histoire de plusieurs adolescentes, au travers de leur parcours psychothérapeutique, montre comment elles sont passées des scarifications qu’elles s’infligeaient dans le secret de leur douleur de vivre à un tatouage choisi et assumé aux yeux de tous.

Le tatouage, élément ornemental de marquage corporel, a eu pour elles une fonction de sublimation de leurs pulsions destructrices.
Le concept de sujet-entrepreneur : analyse de nouvelles formes de subjectivités à partir d’une enquête effectuée au Cameroun
Authors: Amougou Gérard
Published: March 2020

Cet article est un effort de conceptualisation du sujet-entrepreneur, effectué à partir d’une recherche de terrain au Cameroun. S’il émerge au sein d’un environnement précarisé, ce sujet semble préserver certaines spécificités qui le distinguent des formes d’entrepreneurs connus jusque-là et des acteurs émergents révélés par la littérature. Se présentant au départ comme une individualité en constant procès, le sujet-entrepreneur se construit progressivement comme un individu-sujet-acteur qui informe les transformations sociales en coulisse tout en offrant un matériau inédit aux nouvelles sociologies du sujet.
Protection sociale et émancipation. Une alliance vertueuse mais instable
Authors: Ville Isabelle
Published: March 2020

L’article discute les conditions de possibilité d’alliances vertueuses entre protection sociale et émancipation, en empruntant la voie ouverte par Nancy Fraser (2013). Depuis les années 1970, les mesures de protection sociale en faveur des personnes ayant des incapacités instaurées par les États-providence sont la cible de critiques. D’un côté, les personnes ayant des incapacités et les disability studies dénoncent leur fondement paternaliste, les formes de ségrégation et l’oppression qu’elles produisent, entretenant ainsi la dépendance et la passivité de leurs bénéficiaires. De l’autre côté, l’« État social actif » des années 1990 cherche à limiter l’accès à ces mêmes mesures au titre qu’elles incitent les personnes à profiter de la solidarité nationale et entravent leur autodétermination. Ces deux lignes de critiques convergent pour rejeter les formes de protections du côté de l’aliénation et associer l’émancipation à l’exercice de l’autonomie et de la défense des droits, d’un côté, à la responsabilisation individuelle, de l’autre. Une relecture de travaux empiriques concernant deux périodes distinctes du contexte français : l’entre-deux guerres, avec l’émergence des premiers collectifs de personnes handicapées, et les années 1990, marquées par l’instauration de politiques d’activation, permet de mettre en lumière des formes d’agencements entre dispositifs de l’action publique et travail local de care, véritables sources d’émancipation, même s’ils restent fragiles.
Influence of coffee blends and roasting process on the antioxidant activity of coffee
Authors: Odžaković Božana , Džinić Natalija , Kukrić Zoran , Grujić Slavica
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to develop specification for the production of roasted coffeewith improved nutritional quality. In this respect, the influence of different coffeeblends and temperatures of roasting on the antioxidant activity of coffee was examined.Also, the composition of some bioactive components in the analyzed sampleswas determined. Two Arabica coffees of different quality and Robusta coffee wereused for the preparation of coffee blends. Experimentally determined green coffeeblends B1, B2 and B3 were roasted at 167◦C, 171◦C and 175◦C for 25 minutes inorder to establish the effect of roasting temperature on the antioxidant activity andthe content of bioactive components in blends. Based on the results of DPPH andABTS test, coffee blends B3 and B2, roasted at 171◦C, had the highest (P<0.05)antioxidant activity. Those coffee blends had higher content of Robusta coffee thancoffee blend B1. Results of this research can provide opportunities for the developmentof roasted ground coffee with improved nutritive quality, which could ensurecompetitiveness of producers in the target market.
Biochemical changes in myofibrillar and sarcoplasmatic meat proteins at different freezing rates
Authors: Bodiroga Biljana , Vasiljević Ljubica , Vujadinović Dragan , Savanović Danica , Tomović Vladimir
Published: March 2020

Freezing rate significantly affects the quality of frozen meat and its biochemicalchanges. The loss of water from the cellular structure, which, under normal conditions,acts as a mechanical barrier between protein chains, causes spontaneousinteractions of proteins that result in their denaturation. In order to determinethe content of myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic proteins in meat samples, the sampleswere frozen at rates of 0.40, 0.90, and 1.25 cm/h for a storage period of 15 days.Protein content was analyzed by capillary gel electrophoresis and high-pressure liquidchromatography. During the freezing process, the protein chains were found tobe shortened so that myofibrillar proteins were between 20 and 50 kDa, whereassarcoplasmic proteins were between 20 and 100 kDa at all the freezing rates mentioned.The results of the analysis also show that the total number of sarcoplasmicproteins (freezing rate 0.90 cm/h; 20 proteins) was lower than the total numberof myofibrillar proteins (freezing rate 0.90 cm/h; 35 proteins), and the molecularweight for both types of protens was lower 50 kDa. Further research should bedirected towards extending storage time.
UTICAJ GRUPA NA STILOVE MENADŽMENTA
Authors: Matijašević Nikola
Published: March 2020

Međunarodni računovodstveni standard16 se primjenjuje u računovodstvenom obuhvatanjunekretnina, postrojenja i opreme, osim ako se nekimdrugim standardom ne zahtijeva ili dopušta drugačijiračunovodstveni postupak i tretman. Osnovna pitanjaračunovodstvenog obuhvatanja nekretina, postrojenja iopreme su sljedeća: priznavanje sredstava, utvrđivanjeknjigovodstvene vrijednosti sredstva, odnosno početnopriznavanje, vrednovanje nakon početnog priznavanja,naknadna ulaganja, amortizacija, priznavanje gubitakaod umanjenja vrijednosti, prestanak priznavanja(povlačenje iz upotrebe i rashodovanje) i objelodanjivanje.
JAVNO-PRIVATNO PARTNERSTVO U ZEMLJAMA ZAPADNOG BALKANA
Authors: Amović Goran
Published: March 2020

U dinamičnim uslovima globalneekonomije procesi razvoja nacionalnih privreda zahtijevajupotrebu kapitalnih javnih ulaganja u infrastrukturu,naročito u oblasti saobraćaja, energetike,telekomunikacija, vodoprivrede itd. te pružanjajavnih usluga u domenu opštih društvenih djelatnosti(obrazovanje, zdravstvena zaštita, kultura, sport, socijalnapitanja i dr.). Potražnja za kvalitetnijom infrastrukturomi efikasnijom javnom uslugom, uzograničene kapacitete javnog sektora, predstavljaozbiljan izazov za većinu zemalja, posebno onihmanje razvijenih, i zahtjeva novu ulogu javnog sektora,novi pristup i nove strategije. U kontekstunaprijed navedenog, javno-privatno partnerstvo(JPP) obezbjeđuje okvir za efikasniju realizacijujavnih investicija - bržu izgradnju, manje troškove,optimalnu alokaciju rizika, efikasnije upravljanje,kvalitetniju javnu uslugu itd. U ovom radu će bitiizvršen prikaz najvažnijih karakteristika modelajavno-privatnog partnerstva, s osvrtom nahronološki razvoj institucionalnog okvira JPP uBosni i Hercegovini, Srbiji i Hrvatskoj, i pregledomnajvažnijih projekata realizovanih u zemljama zapadnogBalkana po modelu JPP.
Bring the World to the Child
Authors: Good Katie Day
Published: March 2020

How, long before the advent of computers and the internet, educators used technology to help students become media-literate, future-ready, and world-minded citizens.

Today, educators, technology leaders, and policy makers promote the importance of “global,” “wired,” and “multimodal” learning; efforts to teach young people to become engaged global citizens and skilled users of media often go hand in hand. But the use of technology to bring students into closer contact with the outside world did not begin with the first computer in a classroom. In this book, Katie Day Good traces the roots of the digital era's “connected learning” and “global classrooms” to the first half of the twentieth century, when educators adopted a range of media and materials—including lantern slides, bulletin boards, radios, and film projectors—as what she terms “technologies of global citizenship.”

Good describes how progressive reformers in the early twentieth century made a case for deploying diverse media technologies in the classroom to promote cosmopolitanism and civic-minded learning. To “bring the world to the child,” these reformers praised not only new mechanical media—including stereoscopes, photography, and educational films—but also humbler forms of media, created by teachers and children, including scrapbooks, peace pageants, and pen pal correspondence. The goal was a “mediated cosmopolitanism,” teaching children to look outward onto a fast-changing world—and inward, at their own national greatness. Good argues that the public school system became a fraught site of global media reception, production, and exchange in American life, teaching children to engage with cultural differences while reinforcing hegemonic ideas about race, citizenship, and US-world relations.
Spatial Computing
Authors: Shekhar Shashi , Vold Pamela
Published: March 2020

An accessible guide to the ideas and technologies underlying such applications as GPS, Google Maps, Pokémon Go, ride-sharing, driverless cars, and drone surveillance.

Billions of people around the globe use various applications of spatial computing daily—by using a ride-sharing app, GPS, the e911 system, social media check-ins, even Pokémon Go. Scientists and researchers use spatial computing to track diseases, map the bottom of the oceans, chart the behavior of endangered species, and create election maps in real time. Drones and driverless cars use a variety of spatial computing technologies. Spatial computing works by understanding the physical world, knowing and communicating our relation to places in that world, and navigating through those places. It has changed our lives and infrastructures profoundly, marking a significant shift in how we make our way in the world. This volume in the MIT Essential Knowledge series explains the technologies and ideas behind spatial computing.

The book offers accessible descriptions of GPS and location-based services, including the use of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and RFID for position determination out of satellite range; remote sensing, which uses satellite and aerial platforms to monitor such varied phenomena as global food production, the effects of climate change, and subsurface natural resources on other planets; geographic information systems (GIS), which store, analyze, and visualize spatial data; spatial databases, which store multiple forms of spatial data; and spatial statistics and spatial data science, used to analyze location-related data.
Urban Humanities
Authors: Cuff Dana , Loukaitou-Sideris Anastasia , Presner Todd , Zubiaurre Maite , Crisman Jonathan Jae-an
Published: March 2020

Original, action-oriented humanist practices for interpreting and intervening in the city: a new methodology at the intersection of the humanities, design, and urban studies.

Urban humanities is an emerging field at the intersection of the humanities, urban planning, and design. It offers a new approach not only for understanding cities in a global context but for intervening in them, interpreting their histories, engaging with them in the present, and speculating about their futures. This book introduces both the theory and practice of urban humanities, tracing the evolution of the concept, presenting methods and practices with a wide range of research applications, describing changes in teaching and curricula, and offering case studies of urban humanities practices in the field.

Urban humanities views the city through a lens of spatial justice, and its inquiries are centered on the microsettings of everyday life. The book's case studies report on real-world projects in mega-cities in the Pacific Rim—Tokyo, Shanghai, Mexico City, and Los Angeles—with several projects described in detail, including playful spaces for children in car-oriented Mexico City, a commons in a Tokyo neighborhood, and a rolling story-telling box to promote “literary justice” in Los Angeles.
Downtime on the Microgrid
Authors: McCullough Malcolm
Published: March 2020

Something good about the smart city: a human-centered account of why the future of electricity is local.

Resilience now matters most, and most resilience is local—even for that most universal, foundational modern resource: the electric power grid. Today that technological marvel is changing more rapidly than it has for a lifetime, and in our new grid awareness, community microgrids have become a fascinating catalyst for cultural value change. In Downtime on the Microgrid, Malcolm McCullough offers a thoughtful counterpoint to the cascade of white papers on smart clean infrastructure. Writing from an experiential perspective, McCullough avoids the usual smart city futurism, technological solutionism, policy acronyms, green idealism, critical theory jargon, and doomsday prepping to provide new cultural context for a subject long a favorite theme in science and technology studies.

McCullough describes the three eras of North American electrification: innovation, consolidation, and decentralization. He considers the microgrid boom and its relevance to the built environment as “architecture's grid edge.” Finally, he argues that resilience arises from clusters; although a microgrid is often described as an island, future resilience will require archipelagos—clusters of microgrids, with a two-way, intermittent connectiveness that is very different from the always-on, top-down technofuture we may be expecting. With Downtime on the Microgrid, McCullough rises above techno-hype to find something good about the smart city and reassuring about local resilience.
Sleight of Mind
Authors: Cook Matt
Published: March 2020

Exploring more than seventy-five well-known paradoxes in mathematics, philosophy, physics, and the social sciences showing how reason and logic can dispel the illusion of contradiction.

Paradox is a sophisticated kind of magic trick. A magician's purpose is to create the appearance of impossibility, to pull a rabbit from an empty hat. Yet paradox doesn't require tangibles, like rabbits or hats. Paradox works in the abstract, with words and concepts and symbols, to create the illusion of contradiction. There are no contradictions in reality, but there can appear to be. In Sleight of Mind, Matt Cook and a few collaborators dive deeply into more than 75 paradoxes in mathematics, physics, philosophy, and the social sciences. As each paradox is discussed and resolved, Cook helps readers discover the meaning of knowledge and the proper formation of concepts—and how reason can dispel the illusion of contradiction.

The journey begins with “a most ingenious paradox” from Gilbert and Sullivan's Pirates of Penzance. Readers will then travel from Ancient Greece to cutting-edge laboratories, encounter infinity and its different sizes, and discover mathematical impossibilities inherent in elections. They will tackle conundrums in probability, induction, geometry, and game theory; perform “supertasks”; build apparent perpetual motion machines; meet twins living in different millennia; explore the strange quantum world—and much more.
Long non-coding RNA GRASLND enhances chondrogenesis via suppression of the interferon type II signaling pathway
Authors: Huynh Nguyen PT , Gloss Catherine C , Lorentz Jeremiah , Tang Ruhang , Brunger Jonathan M , McAlinden Audrey , Zhang Bo , Guilak Farshid
Published: March 2020

The roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in musculoskeletal development, disease, and regeneration remain poorly understood. Here, we identified the novel lncRNA GRASLND (originally named RNF144A-AS1) as a regulator of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) chondrogenesis. GRASLND, a primate-specific lncRNA, is upregulated during MSC chondrogenesis and appears to act directly downstream of SOX9, but not TGF-β3. We showed that the silencing of GRASLND resulted in lower accumulation of cartilage-like extracellular matrix in a pellet assay, while GRASLND overexpression – either via transgene ectopic expression or by endogenous activation via CRISPR-dCas9-VP64 – significantly enhanced cartilage matrix production. GRASLND acts to inhibit IFN-γ by binding to EIF2AK2, and we further demonstrated that GRASLND exhibits a protective effect in engineered cartilage against interferon type II. Our results indicate an important role of GRASLND in regulating stem cell chondrogenesis, as well as its therapeutic potential in the treatment of cartilage-related diseases, such as osteoarthritis.
The guide sRNA sequence determines the activity level of box C/D RNPs
Authors: Graziadei Andrea , Gabel Frank , Kirkpatrick John , Carlomagno Teresa
Published: March 2020

2’-O-rRNA methylation, which is essential in eukaryotes and archaea, is catalysed by the Box C/D RNP complex in an RNA-guided manner. Despite the conservation of the methylation sites, the abundance of site-specific modifications shows variability across species and tissues, suggesting that rRNA methylation may provide a means of controlling gene expression. As all Box C/D RNPs are thought to adopt a similar structure, it remains unclear how the methylation efficiency is regulated. Here, we provide the first structural evidence that, in the context of the Box C/D RNP, the affinity of the catalytic module fibrillarin for the substrate–guide helix is dependent on the RNA sequence outside the methylation site, thus providing a mechanism by which both the substrate and guide RNA sequences determine the degree of methylation. To reach this result, we develop an iterative structure-calculation protocol that exploits the power of integrative structural biology to characterize conformational ensembles.
A model for focal seizure onset, propagation, evolution, and progression
Authors: Liou Jyun-you , Smith Elliot H , Bateman Lisa M , Bruce Samuel L , McKhann Guy M , Goodman Robert R , Emerson Ronald G , Schevon Catherine A , Abbott LF
Published: March 2020

We developed a neural network model that can account for major elements common to human focal seizures. These include the tonic-clonic transition, slow advance of clinical semiology and corresponding seizure territory expansion, widespread EEG synchronization, and slowing of the ictal rhythm as the seizure approaches termination. These were reproduced by incorporating usage-dependent exhaustion of inhibition in an adaptive neural network that receives global feedback inhibition in addition to local recurrent projections. Our model proposes mechanisms that may underline common EEG seizure onset patterns and status epilepticus, and postulates a role for synaptic plasticity in the emergence of epileptic foci. Complex patterns of seizure activity and bi-stable seizure end-points arise when stochastic noise is included. With the rapid advancement of clinical and experimental tools, we believe that this model can provide a roadmap and potentially an in silico testbed for future explorations of seizure mechanisms and clinical therapies.
Kainate receptors regulate development of glutamatergic synaptic circuitry in the rodent amygdala
Authors: Ryazantseva Maria , Englund Jonas , Shintyapina Alexandra , Huupponen Johanna , Shteinikov Vasilii , Pitkänen Asla , Partanen Juha M , Lauri Sari E
Published: March 2020

Perturbed information processing in the amygdala has been implicated in developmentally originating neuropsychiatric disorders. However, little is known on the mechanisms that guide formation and refinement of intrinsic connections between amygdaloid nuclei. We demonstrate that in rodents the glutamatergic connection from basolateral to central amygdala (BLA-CeA) develops rapidly during the first 10 postnatal days, before external inputs underlying amygdala-dependent behaviors emerge. During this restricted period of synaptic development, kainate-type of ionotropic glutamate receptors (KARs) are highly expressed in the BLA and tonically activated to regulate glutamate release via a G-protein-dependent mechanism. Genetic manipulation of this endogenous KAR activity locally in the newborn LA perturbed development of glutamatergic input to CeA, identifying KARs as a physiological mechanism regulating formation of the glutamatergic circuitry in the amygdala.
TorsinB overexpression prevents abnormal twisting in DYT1 dystonia mouse models
Authors: Li Jay , Liang Chun-Chi , Pappas Samuel S , Dauer William T
Published: March 2020

Genetic redundancy can be exploited to identify therapeutic targets for inherited disorders. We explored this possibility in DYT1 dystonia, a neurodevelopmental movement disorder caused by a loss-of-function (LOF) mutation in the TOR1A gene encoding torsinA. Prior work demonstrates that torsinA and its paralog torsinB have conserved functions at the nuclear envelope. This work established that low neuronal levels of torsinB dictate the neuronal selective phenotype of nuclear membrane budding. Here, we examined whether torsinB expression levels impact the onset or severity of abnormal movements or neuropathological features in DYT1 mouse models. We demonstrate that torsinB levels bidirectionally regulate these phenotypes. Reducing torsinB levels causes a dose-dependent worsening whereas torsinB overexpression rescues torsinA LOF-mediated abnormal movements and neurodegeneration. These findings identify torsinB as a potent modifier of torsinA LOF phenotypes and suggest that augmentation of torsinB expression may retard or prevent symptom development in DYT1 dystonia.
Inflammatory osteolysis is regulated by site-specific ISGylation of the scaffold protein NEMO
Authors: Adapala Naga Suresh , Swarnkar Gaurav , Arra Manoj , Shen Jie , Mbalaviele Gabriel , Ke Ke , Abu-Amer Yousef
Published: March 2020

Inflammatory osteolysis is governed by exacerbated osteoclastogenesis. Ample evidence points to central role of NF-κB in such pathologic responses, yet the precise mechanisms underpinning specificity of these responses remain unclear. We propose that motifs of the scaffold protein IKKγ/NEMO partly facilitate such functions. As proof-of-principle, we used site-specific mutagenesis to examine the role of NEMO in mediating RANKL-induced signaling in mouse bone marrow macrophages, known as osteoclast precursors. We identified lysine (K)270 as a target regulating RANKL signaling as K270A substitution results in exuberant osteoclastogenesis in vitro and murine inflammatory osteolysis in vivo. Mechanistically, we discovered that K270A mutation disrupts autophagy, stabilizes NEMO, and elevates inflammatory burden. Specifically, K270A directly or indirectly hinders binding of NEMO to ISG15, a ubiquitin-like protein, which we show targets the modified proteins to autophagy-mediated lysosomal degradation. Taken together, our findings suggest that NEMO serves as a toolkit to fine-tune specific signals in physiologic and pathologic conditions.
The heat shock protein family geneHspa1lin male mice is dispensable for fertility
Authors: Wang Xin , Xie Wenxiu , Yao Yejin , Zhu Yunfei , Zhou Jianli , Cui Yiqiang , Guo Xuejiang , Yuan Yan , Zhou Zuomin , Liu Mingxi
Published: March 2020

Background

Heat shock protein family A member 1 like (Hspa1l) is a member of the 70kD heat shock protein (Hsp70) family. HSPA1L is an ancient, evolutionarily conserved gene with a highly conserved domain structure. The gene is highly abundant and constitutively expressed in the mice testes. However, the role ofHspa1lin the testes has still not been elucidated.

Methods

Hspa1l-mutant mice were generated using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Histological and immunofluorescence staining were used to analyze the phenotypes of testis and epididymis. Apoptotic cells were detected through TUNEL assays. Fertility and sperm motilities were also tested. Quantitative RT-PCR was used for analyzing of candidate genes expression. Heat treatment was used to induce heat stress of the testis.

Results

We successfully generatedHspa1lknockout mice.Hspa1l-/-mice exhibited normal development and fertility. Further,Hspa1l-/-mice shown no significant difference in spermatogenesis, the number of apoptotic cells in testes epididymal histology, sperm count and sperm motility fromHspa1l+/+mice. Moreover, heat stress does not exacerbate the cell apoptosis inHspa1l-/-testes. These results revealed that HSPA1L is not essential for physiological spermatogenesis, nor is it involved in heat-induced stress responses, which provides a basis for further studies.
Prevalence and type distribution of human papillomavirus in a Chinese urban population between 2014 and 2018: a retrospective study
Authors: Xu Mei-Yan , Cao Bing , Chen Yan , Du Juan , Yin Jian , Liu Lan , Lu Qing-Bin
Published: March 2020

Background

Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections among women worldwide. The current study’s main objective is to report the prevalence and distribution of HPV types in an urban population in Beijing, China.

Methods

All the eligible female participants aged ≥18 years were recruited from the Aerospace Center Hospital in Beijing, China between 2014 and 2018. A total of 21 HPV types were detected by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reverse dot blot method and fluorescence quantitative PCR method.

Results

In total, 12 high risk HPV types and nine low risk HPV types were detected. The HPV-positive rates were 8.85% in 2014, 7.16% in 2015, 7.60% in 2016, 8.31% in 2017, and 7.72% in 2018, respectively, in an urban population in Beijing, China. Overall, no significant differences in the HPV-positive rates were found over the five years. The peak prevalence of HPV infection in all types was observed in age group of 20–24 in all types. HPV52 was the dominant HPV type across the five years . Among all 21 HPV types, HPV66, HPV26, and HPV59 were ranked the top three in coinfection occurrence.

Conclusions

Our findings are very helpful for HPV screening and vaccination. The associations between gynaecological diseases and the HPV types with high prevalence, particularly HPV52, warrant further investigation.
Performances of the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA), and validity of timing components in comparison with three commonly used agility tests in Chinese boys: an exploratory study
Authors: Cao Yue , Zhang Chunhua , Guo Rong , Zhang Dandan , Wang Shijiao
Published: March 2020

Background

The practical application of the Canadian Agility and Movement Skill Assessment (CAMSA) has been reported in some Western countries. However, a few studies reported the application of the CAMSA in Chinese children. In addition, given that the CAMSA was designing to incorporate both movement skills and agility assessment, the value and validity of the timing component of the CAMSA are worth discussing.

Methods

By choosing the Illinois Agility Test, Repeated Side Step-1 m distance, and the newly designed Repeated Side Step-half of height as the benchmark, we evaluate the performance of the CAMSA, further establish the concurrent validity of the CAMSA timing components (completion time and time score). In total, 149 male children (mean age 9.0 ± 0.8 years) from public schools in Shanghai, China, participated in the study.

Results

The mean CAMSA completion time was 19.3 ± 5.3 (s), and mean time score was 8.7 ± 3.9 (range of 1–14) for all participants (n = 149). After adjusted the sprint speed, older age was positively associated with the performance of the CAMSA. Being overweight was not associated with the performance of the CAMSA comparing with healthy body mass children, however, being obese was negatively associated with the CAMSA timing components and total score. Children having extracurricular sports activities (e.g., athletic experiences), mostly soccer, were more likely to demonstrated better performances of the CAMSA completion time, time score and total score. However, overweight and obese, also athletic experiences were not significantly contributed to the CAMSA skill score, although the association was slight (Adj R2 = 0.13). Besides, the CAMSA completion time has a strong correlation with the IAT, r = 0.77; RSS-1MD, r =  − 0.76; and RSS-HHD, r =  − 0.77, p < 0.01. The same pattern of correlation was also found between the CAMSA time score and three agility tests: IAT, r =  − 0.79; RSS-1MD, r = 0.76; RSS-HHD, r = 0.78, p < 0.01.

Discussion

Overall, a few participants in the study were able to reach the recommended level of the total CAMSA score referring to the Canadian criterion. The strong concurrent validity was found between the CAMSA timing components and three selected agility tests, respectively.
Poverty is Habitual and Genetic
Authors: Al Zabir Abdullah
Published: March 2020

The aim of the article is to prove the statement that Poverty is Habitual and Genetic. For this, several families were observed over years to fulfill the objectives. Habitual facts of the respondents were observed to understand the relationship with poverty. Daily habits which were repeating by the respondents were considered. Poverty and genetic relationship were observed. Why and how do they become poor by the influence of previous generations were explained. Finally it was concluded that Poverty is habitual and genetic.
Adult and Infant Mask Ventilation Quality Evaluation from Various Viewpoints by Non-medical Personnel: Randomized Simulation Trial
Authors: Nakamura Yuki , Komasawa Nobuyasu , Masuhara Kengo , Terasaki Fumio , Nakano Takashi , Kawata Ryo
Published: March 2020

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “Adult and Infant Mask Ventilation Quality Evaluation from Various Viewpoints by Non-medical Personnel: Randomized Simulation Trial”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.
Extraction and Characterization of Selected Carrier Oils
Authors: Oji Akuma , Vivian Ikediasor Chinenye
Published: March 2020

Extraction and characterization of carrier oil has been conducted experimentally on coconut, avocado and carrot oil. FTIR scan analysis was carried out on the extracted oil. Also physical and chemical properties of the carrier oils were assessed to evaluate oil quality including Specific gravity, peroxide value, saponification value, acid value and free fatty acid. The result showed all the extracted oils were liquid at room temperature an indication of the presence of oleic acid and linoleic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids. The specific gravities of 0.92, 0.91 and 0.93 for coconut, avocado and carrot oils indicate that each of the oils could be used on commercial scale. The Peroxide value recorded 0.11-0.12 meq/kg which is far below the maximum limits of 1-5 meq/kg and can last for a long time without going rancid. The low saponification values of coconut, avocado and carrot oils  of 127.62 meq/kg oil, 120.12 meq/kg oil and 130.47 meq/kg oil respectively indicates that the oils could be used industrially (soap making). An iodine value of 54.63g I2/100g coconut oil, 49.21g I2/100g avocado oil and 55.01g I2/100g carrot oil obtained indicates high level of unsaturated fatty acids and can explain its liquid state on storage at room temperature. Acid values of 6.10 mg KOH/g coconut oil, 9.40 mg KOH/g avocado oil and 6.50 mg KOH/g carrot oil indicated that the oils are acceptable for industrial purposes. The % FFA values obtained as 3.10%, 4.70% and 3.30% for coconut, avocado and carrot oils respectively indicates the suitability of the oils for consumption. The FTIR scan analysis showed the various compounds present in the oils and by indication presented that coconut oil have dominant properties over that of carrot oil and should not be used as base oil for its extraction. Carboxylic acid (effective in providing antioxidant and anti-aging protection as well as improving moisture retention) and aromatic groups were found present as well as esters (excellent hydrating and softening agents). These compounds are found in all vegetable oils thereby validating their quality and explain the excellent properties of carrier oils and why they are used in conjunction with essential oils for aromatherapy purposes as well as for human consumption.
Sustainable Inland and Coastal Fisheries: Key Lessons Drawn from Community-based Fisheries Management in Bangladesh
Authors: Mustafa Md. Golam
Published: March 2020

Aim: To build an appropriate basis for inland and coastal fisheries co-management through the involvement of key government agencies, fishers, traders and relevant stakeholders.

Study Design: Literature review of the community-based fisheries management projects in Bangladesh during 1995-2017 and examine fisher’s perceptions of co-management approaches from an inclusive cross-section of fishing households.

Place and Duration of Study: The study sites are located in six riverine districts in Bangladesh, namely Bhola, Chandpur and Laxmipur within fish sanctuary areas and Barisal, Pirojpur and Jhalokathi outside fish sanctuary areas.

Methodology: The study included community-based fisheries management project’s knowledge in different inland and coastal habitat types in Bangladesh. The study comprised on lessons learned from field activities, workshops on fisheries co-management with the public, NGOs, experts, civil society, fisher’s organizations, traders and related stakeholders, and reviews of several reports on other community-based fisheries management initiatives in Bangladesh. The study also examined stakeholder perceptions of co-management approaches from a cross-section of 1200 fishing households in 24 fishing villages.

Results: Results indicated that performance of community-based fisheries management in Bangladesh varied widely to improve natural fish production, fish abundance and biodiversity and, with the nature of the community involved. These include the development capabilities of user groups through formation of village level Conservation Groups and fish landing center-based organizations, and capabilities of the key government agencies and law enforcing agencies for enhancing compliance.

Conclusions: This paper proposes a co-management arrangement for fishery management along the fish sanctuary areas of the Padma-Meghna River systems in Bangladesh. These findings provided the scientific basis of community managed fisheries management and its applications.
Summer Practicum: Extending the Partnership for Pre-Service Teachers to a Local High School
Authors: Mostofo Jim
Published: March 2020

Teacher educators and their students (pre-service teachers) are not always able to be involved in partnerships with local high schools and their students. This paper describes such a partnership with a local high school in which pre-service teachers from a university’s college of education completed their practicum hours over the summer in advance for their fall classes. My dual role in this partnership as a professor in the college of education and as the director of the summer partnership is discussed. This study also examined the impact of this summer practicum partnership on the pre-service teachers. My participation in the program increased my belief in local school summer partnerships and the benefits of experiential learning for the pre-service teachers as we worked through the scholarship of application (Boyer, 1997). The pre-service teachers cited their benefits in the areas of more real-life teaching experience, collaboration with their mentor-teachers, and a welcoming feeling from the local high school.
Animal experimentation in transgenesis: evaluating course design in large classrooms
Authors: Bodart Jean‐François , Dupré Aurélie
Published: March 2020

Teachers are guided by an ethical code of conduct. Teacher behavior can be perceived as normative and can set standards; for example, in the field of animal experimentation. The importance of ethical standards raises the question of its transmission. This survey addressed the relevance of using large amphitheater teaching groups to educate students on the ethical aspects of animal experimentation. A course was built to include interactivity sequences to gather feedback from students about moral dilemmas or assertions about animal experimentation. To that end, surveys were conducted on third‐year students, prior to the course, shortly after the course and at the end of the academic year. Students were asked to indicate whether the experimental protocols were satisfactory. Before the course, few students reported ethical dimensions in the proposed protocols; animals were considered scientific objects, not sentient beings. The situation was noticeably different for students on courses with an emphasis on the animal as the unit of study. Although large classrooms are not considered to be relevant places to question ethical issues, the proportion of students discussing ethical aspects of protocols increased shortly after the lecture, and this increased at the end of the academic year. These observations suggest that the effect of teaching on ethical considerations was sustainable despite the lectures being performed in a large classroom.
Enhancement‐Mode PEDOT:PSS Organic Electrochemical Transistors Using Molecular De‐Doping
Authors: Keene Scott T. , van der Pol Tom P. A. , Zakhidov Dante , Weijtens Christ H. L. , Janssen René A. J. , Salleo Alberto , van de Burgt Yoeri
Published: March 2020

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) show great promise for flexible, low‐cost, and low‐voltage sensors for aqueous solutions. The majority of OECT devices are made using the polymer blend poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), in which PEDOT is intrinsically doped due to inclusion of PSS. Because of this intrinsic doping, PEDOT:PSS OECTs generally operate in depletion mode, which results in a higher power consumption and limits stability. Here, a straightforward method to de‐dope PEDOT:PSS using commercially available amine‐based molecular de‐dopants to achieve stable enhancement‐mode OECTs is presented. The enhancement‐mode OECTs show mobilities near that of pristine PEDOT:PSS (≈2 cm2 V−1 s−1) with stable operation over 1000 on/off cycles. The electron and proton exchange among PEDOT, PSS, and the molecular de‐dopants are characterized to reveal the underlying chemical mechanism of the threshold voltage shift to negative voltages. Finally, the effect of the de‐doping on the microstructure of the spin‐cast PEDOT:PSS films is investigated.
PVP Treatment Induced Gradient Oxygen Doping in In2S3 Nanosheet to Boost Solar Water Oxidation of WO3 Nanoarray Photoanode
Authors: Tian Wei , Chen Cheng , Meng Linxing , Xu Weiwei , Cao Fengren , Li Liang
Published: March 2020

The photoelectrochemical performance of the WO3 photoanode is limited by the severe charge recombination in the bulk phase and at the WO3/electrolyte interface. Herein, In2S3 nanosheets are integrated onto the surface of the WO3 nanowall array photoanode, followed by a facile polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) solution treatment. The PVP treatment results in sulfur vacancies and a gradient oxygen doping into In2S3 from surface to interior, which induces the formation of a gradient energy band distribution. The gradient band structured In2S3 and type II band alignment at the WO3/In2S3 interface simultaneously create a channel that favors photogenerated electrons to migrate from the surface to the conductive substrate, thereby suppressing bulk carrier recombination. Meanwhile, the sulfur vacancies and oxygen doping contribute to increased charge carrier concentration, prolonged carrier lifetime, more active sites, and small interfacial transfer impedance. As a consequence, the PVP treated WO3/In2S3 heterostructure photoanode exhibits a significantly enhanced photocurrent of 1.61 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and negative onset potential of 0.02 V versus RHE.
Dryland crop production and economic returns for crop residue harvest or grazing
Authors: Archer David W. , Liebig Mark A. , Kronberg Scott L.
Published: March 2020

While crop residues could provide an additional source of revenue for agricultural producers, there are concerns that harvesting these residues could have negative effects on productivity and economic returns. Although crop residue harvest effects have been studied in wetter areas, including the U.S. Corn Belt and Southeast, there have been few studies in more arid areas. The objective of this analysis was to quantify intermediate‐term (6‐yr) effects of crop residue harvest on crop productivity and economic returns for different biomass harvest intensities and methods, and for different practices aimed at mitigating negative effects of residue harvest in the U.S. Northern Great Plains. Crop rotation treatments included spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), W–P; spring wheat–dry pea/cover crop mix, W–P/CC; and spring wheat–dry pea–corn (Zea mays L.), W–P–C. Biomass removal treatments included no biomass removal, bale and remove wheat straw, bale and remove residues from each crop, and graze all crop residues. Significant corn yield reductions occurred when baling crop residues, but not with grazing. However, significant spring wheat yield reductions occurred with grazing in the W–P rotation. Grazing may be more suited to the W–P–C rotation than the W–P or W–P/CC rotations as the breakeven grazing price was lower in this rotation, and the grazing treatment in this rotation had both relatively high economic returns and low economic risk over the study period.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole Derivatives Functionalized with N‐Annulated PDI and Se‐Annulated PDI by Direct (Hetero)Arylation Methods
Authors: Welsh Thomas A. , Nazari Maryam , Welch Gregory C.
Published: March 2020

We report on the synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) derivatives functionalized with N‐annulated and Se‐annulated perylene diimide (NPDI and SePDI, respectively) via direct (hetero)arylation methods. DPP is symmetrically bifunctionalized with SePDI (SePDI−DPP−SePDI) and unsymmetrically functionalized with SePDI and NPDI (SePDI−DPP−NPDI). The effects of Se substitution compared to N substitution on physical, electrochemical, and optical properties are investigated along with performance as non‐fullerene acceptors in photovoltaic devices. It is found that Se substitution increases the electron affinity of the π‐conjugated molecule and blue shifts the optical absorption spectra, observations that were supported by computational analysis. Steric strain between the PDI endcap and DPP core prevent complete electronic communication along the π‐conjugated backbone and results in the unsymmetrical compound, SePDI−DPP−NPDI, having electronic and optical properties that are a linear combination of both the symmetrical SePDI and NPDI based compounds. The SePDI−DPP−NPDI compound has a distinct melt observed at 343 °C and organic photovoltaic devices based on this compound had lower than expected open‐circuit voltages, suggesting a unique solid‐state packing arrangement. SePDI‐based compounds performed worse than the NPDI‐based compound in organic photovoltaic devices using the donor polymer PTB7‐Th.
Realized distribution patterns of crowned lemurs (Eulemur coronatus) within a human‐dominated forest fragment in northern Madagascar
Authors: Mercado Malabet Fernando , Peacock Heather , Razafitsalama Jeremi , Birkinshaw Christopher , Colquhoun Ian
Published: March 2020

Due to the impact of anthropogenic activities on forest extent and integrity across Madagascar, it is increasingly necessary to assess how endangered lemur populations inhabiting human‐dominated forest fragments can effectively sustain themselves ecologically. Our research addresses this concern by exploring how the distribution patterns of a small population of crowned lemurs (Eulemur coronatus), occupying a degraded forest fragment at Oronjia Forest New Protected Area in northern Madagascar, are impacted by the availability of key ecological and anthropogenic factors. We hypothesize that the distribution of E. coronatus within the fragment is limited by the availability of critical ecological resources and conditions and the intensity of anthropogenic features and activities. To examine this, we used MaxEnt to develop a species distribution model using presence‐only occurrence records and 10 independent background covariates detailing the site's ecological and anthropogenic aspects. The results indicate that the realized distribution patterns of E. coronatus within human‐dominated forest fragments are strongly associated with sections of forest that contain sparsely and sporadically distributed resources, such as freshwater and continuous hardwood vegetation. We conclude that the distribution of E. coronatus at Oronjia is shaped by their need to maximize foraging opportunities in a degraded forest landscape where they are subject to both environmental and anthropogenic stressors.
Dynamical Bonding Driving Mixed Valency in a Metal Boride
Authors: Robinson Paul J. , Munarriz Julen , Valentine Michael E. , Granmoe Austin , Drichko Natalia , Chamorro Juan R. , Rosa Priscila F. , McQueen Tyrel M. , Alexandrova Anastassia N.
Published: March 2020

Samarium hexaboride is an anomaly, having many exotic and seemingly mutually incompatible properties. It was proposed to be a mixed‐valent semiconductor, and later a topological Kondo insulator, and yet has a Fermi surface despite being an insulator. We propose a new and unified understanding of SmB6centered on the hitherto unrecognized dynamical bonding effect: the coexistence of two Sm−B bonding modes within SmB6, corresponding to different oxidation states of the Sm. The mixed valency arises in SmB6from thermal population of these distinct minima enabled by motion of B. Our model simultaneously explains the thermal valence fluctuations, appearance of magnetic Fermi surface, excess entropy at low temperatures, pressure‐induced phase transitions, and related features in Raman spectra and their unexpected dependence on temperature and boron isotope.