bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The pattern of a relational understanding of fifth-grade students on integer operations
Authors: Utomo Dwi Priyo
Published: June 2020

Relational understanding constitutes students’ awareness of appropriate procedures to solve problems along with logical reasoning.  Itis pivotal to help students solve problems in mathematics. It is necessary that the teaching of mathematics be directed to achieve relational understanding. Accordingly, students are capable of solving complicated problems in mathematics. This current research aims at analyzing and describing relational understanding and the patterns of answering questions of the fifth graders on integer operation. This study used a qualitative approach with a case study as the research design. Further, three students belonging to the fifth grade of Elementary School in Malang City, Indonesia, were set up as the research subjects. A test was administered to measure the subjects' relational understanding. All collected data were analyzed using an interactive technique. The result has indicated that the highly-proficient student was able to show excellent relational understanding. Besides, it was shown that the fairly-proficient student could show good relational understanding. The lowly-proficient student was shown to be able to achieve only half of the holistic criteria set for relational understanding. The patterns of answering the questions demonstrated by all students in all levels included jotting down the models, completing the models, and answering the questions. The highly-proficient student understood the information and wrote it down. Whilst the fairly-proficient student understood the information without translating it into the written form. At last, the lowly-proficient student did not pronounce any signals of understanding of the information
Social media usage among pre-service secondary mathematics teachers in Zambia
Authors: Mulenga Eddie Mumba , Marbàn José María
Published: June 2020

Social media technologies have reshaped our lives today and Zambian teachers do a massive use of smart phones, tablets, and other portable tools. In addition, they are continually searching for forefront innovations. Frequently, the utilization of these gadgets is not in manners foreseen by innovation advocates. This study focuses on exploring the use of social media platforms and the impact of such social networking services in the teaching and learning of mathematics by pre-service teachers. To explore pre-service teachers’ use of social media in their teaching and learning experiences, the authors administered an adapted and validated research instrument via a quantitative survey system to a sample of 102 pre-service teachers from the Copperbelt University. Analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis were used to test the interplay of relationships between pre-service teachers’ attitudes towards the use of social media based on year of study and gender, social media use and classroom integration, social media use, and mathematics pedagogy. Further, a statistical test was run to show whether positive correlations existed or not. Results disclosed that respondents showed an average use of social media tools in mathematics and provide a prediction model for pre-service teachers’ future integration of social media in the teaching and learning of mathematics.
Exploring students' creative thinking in the use of representations in solving mathematical problems based on cognitive style
Authors: Nugroho Aryo Andri , Nizaruddin Nizaruddin , Dwijayanti Ida , Tristianti Anggi
Published: June 2020

Creative thinking is the cognitive activities that process the received information to produce new representations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop creative thinking and represent a problem. This study aims to investigate the students' creative thinking processes based on representation in solving mathematical problems reviewed from cognitive style. Qualitative research was used as a procedure of the study. The data was collected through MFFT questionnaires, mathematics problem tests, and interviews. This research involved 31 eighth-grade students at one of junior high school in Kendal regency, Central Java. Those two subjects represented the reflective and impulsive cognitive styles that have been selected based on their mathematical abilities. The data was analyzed through iterative method. The results of the study showed that both subjects demonstrated a different performance in solving problem. In term of fluency, both subjects used visual representations in interpreting information. On the originality, the reflective subject used symbolic representations. while the impulsive one used symbolic and verbal representations in constructing the mathematical expressions. However, both of them have not yet created new ideas in solving problems. Moreover, on the flexibility, these both subjects used visual and symbolic representations that could solve the problems by utilizing the environment objects towards the interpret problems into mathematical expressions. However, the reflective subject made a mistake in elaborating the formula as well as the impulsive subject can do it. These results indicated that both subjects have used the representation of each indicator of creative thinking in solving problems.
YENİ YATIRIM TEŞVİK SİSTEMİ KAPSAMINDA ANKARA İLİNDEKİ DEVLET TEŞVİK VE DESTEKLERİ ÜZERİNDE BİR ANALİZ
Authors: EFE Ahmet
Published: June 2020

Neoliberal ekonomik düzenin bir gereği olarak devlet kurumları piyasa aktörlerini cezb etmek ve kamu kaynaklarını onların ilgilerini arttıracak şekilde kullanmada yarışmayı bir esas haline getirmişlerdir. E-devlet sistem ve uygulamaları da bu anlamda yatırımcılara en hızlı hizmeti sağlayacak şekilde yapılandırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ne tür durumlarda hangi destek araçlarının kullanılması gerektiği ve piyasa dengelerini bozmadan kamu otoriteleri tarafından nasıl yönetilmesi gerektiği yerli ve yabancı literatür taraması yapılarak Ankara verileri üzerinden tartışılmaktadır. Özellikle Devlet Denetleme Kurulu raporunda (2014) belirtilen; hibe yönetiminde koordinasyonsuzluk ve verilen hibelerin kuruluş amaçları doğrultusunda kullanılmaması gibi tespitleri ışığında analiz edilerek genel çıkarsamalar yapılmaya ve teşvik ve desteklerle ekosistem arasında ne tür bir ilişki olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Sorun çözücü bir yöntemle Ankara ekosistemi özelinde teşvik ve mali desteklerin etkin ve verimli kullanılarak piyasada bozucu bir etkide bulunmadan ve vergi kayıplarına yol açmadan kullandırılması için bir takım öneriler geliştirilmiştir.
BARTIN MERKEZ I. ORGANİZE SANAYİ BÖLGESİ ÜZERİNE SWOT ANALİZİ
Authors: CEYHAN M. Said
Published: June 2020

Bölgeler arası dengesizliklerin azaltılmasında bir araç olarak kullanılan Organize Sanayi Bölgelerinde faaliyet gösteren firmaların, Bartın Merkez I. Organize Sanayi Bölgesi’nde (OSB) sahip olacağı avantaj ve dezavantajlarını belirlemek amacı ile SWOT analizi yapılmıştır. SWOT faktörleri (Güçlü Yönler, Zayıf Yönler, Fırsatlar ve Tehditler) fabrika yeri seçiminde önem arz eden sürdürülebilir bir üretim yapısına sahip olma ve rekabetçi avantajların varlığı kriterleri göz önünde bulundurularak ele alınmıştır. Yapılan çalışmada; Organize Sanayi Bölgesi’nin Türkiye’de ve Dünyadaki durumu hakkında bilgiler verilmiş, Bartın Merkez I OSB’nin üstünlükleri ve zayıflıklarının yanı sıra tehditleri ve fırsatları SWOT analizi aracılığıyla ortaya konulmuştur.
SON DÖNEM OSMANLI SÖZLÜKLERİNDE HAYVAN ADLARIYLA OLUŞTURULMUŞ BİTKİ ADLARI
Authors: KAYGUSUZ Ravza
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada son dönem Osmanlı sözlükleri olan Kâmus-ı Türkî, Lügat-ı Nâcî, Müntahabât-ı Lügât-ı Osmâniyye ve Lehçe-i Osmânî sözlükleri baz alınarak, sözlüklerdeki hayvan adlarıyla oluşan bitki adlarının söz varlığı tespit edilerek değerlendirilmiştir.
Bitkiler konusunun ele alınması ve onları adlandırma yollarına girilmesi Türk dili, kültürü ve coğrafyası hakkında fikir sahibi olunmasına ve onların anlaşılmasına yardımcı olmuştur. Bitkilere isim verilirken onların yetiştiği yer, kullanılışı, görünüşü, rengi gibi özellikler dikkate alınırken bir yandan da onlarla birtakım nesneler ve canlılar arasında bağlantı kurulmuştur. Bunlardan birisi de hayvanlarla olan ilişkisidir. Hayvanların çeşitli özellikleri gözlemlenerek bitkileri adlandırma yollarına girilmiştir. Bitki alanına ilişkin tespit edilen bu sözcükler tablo halinde verilip belli başlıklar altında tasnif edilmiştir.
Çalışmada Kâmus-ı Türkî, Lügat-ı Nâcî, Müntahabât-ı Lügât-ı Osmâniyye ve Lehçe-i Osmânî sözlüklerinde hayvan adlarıyla bir araya gelerek bitki adı oluşturan sözcükler ortaya konmuş, bitki kültürüyle ilgili bilgiler sunulmuştur. İncelemenin sonucunda ise hayvan adlarıyla oluşturulan bitki adlarının benzetme yoluyla bu adlandırmaları aldığı anlaşılmaktadır.
DÖVİZ KURU BELİRSİZLİĞİNİN İHRACAT PERFORMANSI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: AZERBAYCAN VE TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: YARIYEVA Sımınbar , ARSLAN Ramazan
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada Azerbaycan’da ve Türkiye’de döviz kuru belirsizliğinin ihracat performansı üzerindeki etkisi 1995-2017 dönemi için yıllık veriler kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle yatay kesit bağımlılığı dikkate alan test sonuçlarına göre yatay kesit bağımlılığının varlığı kabul edilmektedir. Daha sonra serinin durağan olup olmadığını görebilmek adına ikinci nesil panel birim kök testleri olan CADF ve CIPS ile test edilmektedir. Birim kökün olmadığına ve şokların geçici olduğuna karar verilmektedir. Panel genelinde ihracattan döviz kuruna doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisinin olduğu fakat döviz kurundan ihracata doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi olmadığı görülmekte, dolayısıyla tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Son olarak panel tahmini için Havuzlanmış Ortalama Grup (PMG) Tahmincisi tercih edilmiştir. PMG tahmin sonuçlarına göre Azerbaycan’da hem kısa dönemde hem de uzun dönemde ilişki bulunmakta fakat Türkiye’de sadece kısa dönemli bir ilişki bulunmaktadır.
TÜRKİYE’DE İHRACAT VE İSTİHDAMIN EKONOMİK BÜYÜME ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: ARDL SINIR TESTİ ve VECM NEDENSELLİK TESTİ YAKLAŞIMI
Authors: KONAK Ali
Published: June 2020

Bir ülkenin gelişmişlik seviyesini ve ekonomik yapısını değerlendirmek amacıyla kullanılan pek çok makro büyüklüğün bulunduğunu, bununla birlikte bu makro büyüklükler içerisinde ihracat hacmindeki, istihdam oranındaki ve ekonomik büyüme oranındaki değişikliklerin ön plana çıktığını söylemek mümkündür. Bu makro değişkenler, birbirlerini doğrudan ya da dolaylı bir şekilde ve önemli oranda etkilemektedir. Türkiye’de ihracat hacmi ve istihdam oranındaki gelişmelerin ekonomik büyüme üzerindeki etkisi ve ilişkinin yönü, Dünya Bankası veri sisteminden elde edilen 1991-2018 dönemine ait yıllık veriler kullanılarak, ARDL (Auto Regressive Distrubuted Lag Models) sınır testi yaklaşımı ve VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) nedensellik testi ile analiz edilmiştir. Yapılan analiz neticesinde hata düzeltme modelinin sonuçlarına göre serilerde kısa dönemde ortaya çıkan bir birimlik sapma, 0.76 dönemde, yıl bazında ise yaklaşık 9,1 ayda dengeye gelmektedir. ARDL modelinin tahmin sonuçlarına göre, incelenen dönemde ihracatın %1 artması ekonomik büyümeyi yaklaşık % 0,48 oranında artırmaktadır. Bir diğer ifadeyle ihracatın %10 oranında artması (örneğin %70’dan %80’e çıkması), ekonomik büyümeyi %4,8 oranında (örneğin %5’ten %9,8’e) artırmaktadır. Son olarak, değişkenler arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi incelendiğinde, kısa dönemde sadece büyümeden ihracata doğru tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin bulunduğu buna karşın değişkenler arasında herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisinin bulunmadığı, uzun dönemde ise ihracat ile ekonomik büyüme arasında çift yönlü, işsizlikten büyümeye doğru ise tek yönlü bir nedensellik ilişkisinin bulunduğu, buna karşın büyüme ile işsizlik arasında herhangi bir nedensellik ilişkisinin bulunmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Catalase Activity and Hydrophobicity Test of Bacteria Susceptible to Extracts of Cleistopholis Patens and Piliostigma Reticulatum
Authors: Daniels A. O. , Temikotan T. , Akinkugbe A. O. , Ibiyemi D.
Published: June 2020

Antibacterial effect of the ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Piliostigma reticulatum and Cleistopholis patens on ten pathogenic bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella aerogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marscences, Yersinia enterocolitica and Shigella dysenteriae was investigated.  Survival rate after treatment was investigated. Cell surface hydrophobicity after treatment was tested and the catalase activities of the plant extracts were determined. The results revealed that at 100mg/ml of extracts, the ethanol  extracts of C. patens  showed antibacterial activities against S. typhi, P. vulgaris, Str. pyogenes, K. aerogenes, Saureus and Yersinia enterocolitica with zones of inhibition of 18mm, 14mm, 18mm, 24mm, 14mm and 18mm respectively and the ethyl acetate extract  was active against Sal. typhi,  P. vulgaris, Str. pyogenes, K. aerogenes,  S. aureus Ser. marscences and Y. enterocolitica with zones of inhibition of 14mm, 22mm, 18mm, 18mm, 14mm, 16mm and 16mm respectively while ethanol extract of P. reticulatum showed activity against P. aeruginosa, Sal. typhi, E.coli, Str. pyogenes, K. aerogenes, S. aureus, and Sh. dysenteriae with zones of inhibition of 13mm, 12mm, 10mm, 10mm, 8mm, 10mm and 14mm respectively. The ethyl acetate was active against E.coli, Str. pyogenes, K. aerogenes, S. aureus and Sh. dysenteriae respectively.  The methanol extract had no activity against the test organisms. The kill- time curve showed that susceptible cells die after 10 and 20minutes after contact with the extracts of C. patens for most of the test bacteria while cell death occurred at 10, 20, 40, 50 and 60 min after contact. The hydrophobicity test showed that test organisms had hydrophobicity of between 47% and 99% in the extracts. Catalase production reduced considerably in some bacteria after treatment with plant extracts. The results obtained presupposes that the plant extracts are effective against some of the test organisms and their mode of activity are is that they interfere with the ability of bacteria to produce catalase,  inducing cell death by the production of hydroxyl radical and  also by to the enhancement of non-opsonic phagocytosis of bacteria by macrophages.
Assessment of the Levels of Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Hyperglycemic Young Nigerian Adults
Authors: Nnamudi Anthony Chibuzor , Orhue Noghayin E. Jerry , Ijeh Ifeoma Irene
Published: June 2020

Background: The burden of cardiovascular diseases in developing countries such as Nigeria is worsened by the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. This study is aimed at assessing the levels of cardiovascular risk markers in young Nigerian adults who are hyperglycemic at baseline.

Material and Methods: A total of 200 participants (male and female), aged 15-35 years initially took part in the study while the data of 61 participants (44.3% male and 55.7% female) who were hyperglycemic at baseline was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0. The levels of cardiovascular risk markers were analyzed in these hyperglycemic young adults.

Results: The females in the study population had a higher blood glucose level (102.91 ± 9.68) when compared to males (98.81 ± 8.13). The study reported the prevalence rates for cardiovascular risk markers: hypertension [31.15% (male), 14.70% (female)]; overweight and obesity [33.33% (males), 52.94% (females)]; central obesity [14.81% (males), 64.70% (females)]; high waist-to-hip ratio [33.33% (males), 91.18% (females)]; hypercholesterolemia and low LDL-C [37.04% and 33.33% respectively (males), 67.65% and 61.76% respectively (females)]; hypertriglyceridemia [25.92% (males), 17.60% (females)]; high atherogenic index of plasma [25.92% (males), 14.70% (females)]; elevated C-reactive protein [7.41% (males), 8.82% (females)]. The cardiovascular risk markers were more prevalent in females relative to the males.

Conclusions: The high prevalence of cardiovascular risk markers suggests that most apparently healthy Nigerians, including young adults may be at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.
Temperature Stress Affects Survival and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Pathogenic and Indicator Bacteria in Drinking Water Dispensing System
Authors: Adebisi Olusoji Olusegun , Agbabiaka Toyin Olayemi , Kayode-Isola Tayo Modupe , Otuyelu Frank Olakunle
Published: June 2020

Point-of-use water treatment and dispensing systems are becoming common features in middle-to-upper class homes and public spaces. However, their effectiveness at providing potable water is yet to be substantiated. In this study, the effect of temperature stress (cold ≈ 10oC and hot ≈ 78oC) on survival of three pathogenic (Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae, Vibrio cholerae), a nuisance (Proteus vulgaris) and the indicator (Escherichia coli) bacteria was evaluated in water dispensers. Individual test organism was spiked into pre-sterilized distilled water in a 25-L dispenser bottle. The bottle was fitted and the machine set on to allow the organisms acclimatized for 30 mins before samples were collected. The holding temperatures apparently had an immediate significant inhibitory effect (p<0.05) on the pathogens, being greater in dispensed hot water. Effect of cold temperature stress was least on Escherichia coli. While Shigella dysenteriae and Vibrio cholerae were completely inactivated in dispensed hot water, there were some levels of resuscitation in the other organisms that were initially stressed by either the hot or cold temperature after just 1 h of cooling to room temperature. The re-inactivation was significant (p<0.05) in the dispensed cold water for Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae. With exception of Shigella dysenteriae, other organisms exhibited varied susceptibility (5–11 mm) to six of eight antibiotics; this appeared to increase following the temperature stress. However, increased resistance to augmentin, nitrofurantoin and tetracycline was observed in some temperature-stressed strains, particularly Salmonella typhi and Vibrio cholerae as well as Escherichia coli. The findings indicate that, while hot or cold temperature may have an immediate inhibitory effect on microbial loads and antibiotic susceptibility, the unwholesome practice of drinking dispensed water several hours after should be discouraged.
The Effect of Entrepreneurial Education on Students’ Career Ambitions Conducting ASTEE Questionnaire in Algerian Universities
Authors: Messen Kerroumia , Saadaoui Sawssan
Published: June 2020

In Algeria, the debate on the role of higher education is flourishing; it is very much concerned with meeting the needs of the labor market, youth unemployment rates, and promoting knowledge transfer between university and industry.

Our study offered an overview of higher education system in Algeria, and tried to evaluate the influence of entrepreneurship courses taken at university and outside it on supporting student entrepreneurial intention.

This study was applied at the faculties of Business and Economics, in three Algerian universities, from November 2019 to January 2020, on a sample of 293 comprised students of the 1st to 3rd year.

By conducting the ASTEE questionnaire which contained 57 questions covering multiple dimensions including demographic questions, we confirmed that there were significant differences in all dimensions between Algerian entrepreneurially educated students and European entrepreneurially also non-entrepreneurially educated respondents, which explain the crucial role of university in promoting entrepreneurship. Our results affirmed that, unlike males, females tend to be innovative employees than being entrepreneurs.    

Despite of the satisfactory result, Algeria is invited to be keener in the use of modern methods and in the use of specialized frameworks in teaching entrepreneurship, In addition Algeria should pay more concern to generalize entrepreneurial education in other specializations of university.
The Impact of Organizational Factors Based on Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) Framework on Practical Levels and Characteristics of Audit Analysis and Internal Audit Performance
Authors: Moradi Mehdi , Nia Ehsan Rahmani
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of organizational factors based on the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework on the applied levels and characteristics of audit analysis and internal audit performance. This study examined the factors that influence the use of audit analytics after applying these analyzes, as well as whether the use of audit analytics improves internal audit performance. This is a descriptive-correlational study. The statistical population of the study consisted of: Certified Public Accountants working in the Audit Organization, Institutions of Public Accountants Society using Cochran formula, 150 individuals were selected as sample. Data gathering tool was a 21-item researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by face and structural methods and the reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha. Data analysis was performed using Amos 22 software and structural equation modeling method. The findings show that the complexity of information technology (IT), technology competency, managerial support and professional assistance have a positive and significant effect on the application and software level of audit analytics. The size of the organization and auditing standards have a significant and positive effect on the performance of the audited analysts. Functional auditing has a positive and significant effect on the level of (software) auditing analytics, and functional auditing and auditing analysis have a significant positive effect on internal audit performance.
Linking Innovation to Firm Performance in Developing Countries: the Role of Trade Liberalization
Authors: Asunka Benjamin Azembila , Ma Zhiqiang , Li Mingxing , Anaba Oswin Aganda
Published: June 2020

This study set out to analyze the effect of innovation on firm performance in developing economies in the era of trade liberalization. The study uses data from the enterprise survey of the World Bank covering 19 Sub Saharan African countries surveyed between 2014 and 2016, with a total of 8,551 firms included. In order to effectively analyze the effect of innovation on firm performance, the CDM model is adopted to analyze R&D intensity, the effect of domestic R&D on innovation output, and the contribution of innovation to firm performance in the sub region. The study further tests for the effect of foreign technology and the import of products and services on the innovation process. Analysis is done using ordinary least squares. Findings suggest a positive and significant effect of foreign technology on domestic R&D, while imports have a negative effect on domestic R&D. Domestic R&D has positive effect on  both product and process innovations among firms in the sub region. Moreover, both product and process innovations have a positive and significant effect on firm performance in the sub region. Meanwhile, the export of innovations is not found to be significant in this study. We therefore recommend that governments in the region should give tax incentives to organizations that import products that are meant specifically for the production of new products and processes. Firms in the sub region should also focus on narrow market segments where they have specialist expertise in, so as to be competitive in the global market.
Influence of Management Competency on Performance of Family Planning Programs in Kuresoi North Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Wambugu Jenifer Wothaya , Kyalo Dorothy Ndunge , Mbugua John , Mutave Regina
Published: June 2020

This study investigated management competency influence on performance of family planning program in Kuresoi North Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya. The study was founded on the theory of constraint and adopted a pragmatism paradigm. It applied descriptive research method using mixed method approach to investigate the influence of management competency on performance of family planning program in Kuresoi North Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya. The target population in the study was women of reproductive age in 33,482 households distributed in the four Wards of Kuresoi North Sub-County and 19 health management leaders in-charge of all government health facilities offering family planning services in the Sub-County. A sample size of 400 of women of reproductive age and 19 nursing officers in-charge of government health facilities was utilized. The data collection tools used were questionnaire, interview guide, and observation checklist for women of reproductive age and the interview guide for the health facility managers. The research study adopted stratified sampling method. Qualitative data was analyzed according to themes and patterns and then summarizing the data and linking it to objectives and hypothesis. The study findings indicate that there is moderate management efficiency, exhibited pertaining to family planning in the dispensaries and health centers located in Kuresoi North Sub-County. Further findings exhibited that there was a significant and strong positive individual correlation between management competency and performance of family planning program in Kuresoi North Sub-County. Finally, the study findings also exhibited that there is a significant positive relationship between management competency and performance of family planning program in Kuresoi North Sub-County and it predicted the performance of family planning programmes. in Kuresoi North Sub-County.
Influence of Access to Quality Services on Performance of Family Planning Programs in Kuresoi North Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Wambugu Jenifer Wothaya , Kyalo Dorothy , Mbugua John , Mutave Regina
Published: June 2020

This study investigated access to quality services influence on performance of family planning program in Kuresoi North Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya. The study was founded on the theory of constraint and adopted a pragmatism paradigm. It applied descriptive research method using mixed method approach to investigate the influence of access to quality services on performance of family planning program in Kuresoi North Sub-County, Nakuru County, Kenya. The target population in the study was women of reproductive age in 33,482 households distributed in the four Wards of Kuresoi North Sub-County and 19 health management leaders in-charge of all government health facilities offering family planning services in the Sub-County. A sample size of 400 of women of reproductive age and 19 nursing officers in-charge of government health facilities was utilized. The data collection tools used were questionnaire, interview guide, and observation checklist for women of reproductive age and the interview guide for the health facility managers. The research study adopted stratified sampling method. Qualitative data was analyzed according to themes and patterns, and then summarizing the data and linking it to objectives and hypothesis. The study findings exhibited that there was a significant and strong positive individual correlation between access to quality services and performance of family planning program in Kuresoi North Sub-County. The study findings also displayed that there is a significant positive relationship between access to quality services and performance of family planning program in Kuresoi North Sub-County and it predicted the performance of family planning programmes. in Kuresoi North Sub-County.
Drivers of Entrepreneurial Intention Among Students of The University of The Gambia
Authors: Manneh Musa , Bojang Ismaila , Ceesay Lamin B. , Jawneh Sama
Published: June 2020

This paper examined the drivers of entrepreneurial intention among students of the University of the Gambia. Various theories were adopted in the past to study entrepreneurial intentions among university going students. Building on the relevant literature on entrepreneurship models, this research examines student intention to engage in entrepreneurial ventures in the Gambia. In line with several (prior) research, our results confirm the important role of the business climate, entrepreneurial attitude and subjective norms on students’ intention to engage in entrepreneurial ventures. These results contribute to the literature by demonstrating the peculiar environment and segment of the population (the youth) that is emerging in the field of entrepreneurship, and the significance of entrepreneurship education. Our results provide implication for the government, policymakers, and educational institutions. The agenda for future research have also been discussed.
Reimagining Igbo Apprenticeship: Bringing It Up To Speed with Contemporary Realities
Authors: Nnonyelu Nkemdili
Published: June 2020

The paper seeks to interrogate the practise and direction of Igbo apprenticeship, with particular interest in unravelling the reasons for the declining interest in apprenticeship generally among Igbo youths in South East, Nigeria. The paper is an exploratory, qualitative research paper premised on desk research encapsulating a comprehensive review of ethnographic and historical records while also utilising the observation method in informal workplaces and trading sites spread across diverse work settings. The findings indicate that the much talked about Igbo apprenticeship is facing significant challenges, and several factors have combined to demarket Igbo apprenticeship, making it less appealing to unemployed youths, with grave implications for unemployment, wealth creation and poverty reduction. Given the demand of the modern labour market, the paper calls for a hybrid model of apprenticeship that introduces in a more systematic manner, elements of traditional structure with a view to improving skill levels, job independence, higher remuneration, active engagement and sustenance of interest of all stakeholders.
Concentrated Ownership Structure and Audit Quality: New Evidence from Nigeria
Authors: Jelil Akinwunmi Abiodun , Samuel Dada Olajide , Olotu Ajayi-Owoeye Ayooluwa , Danjuma Kwarbai Jerry
Published: June 2020

Shareholders with a large stake in a company may have greater incentives to monitor and take corrective actions, because they partially internalize the benefits from their monitoring effort. This study examined the impact of concentrated ownership on audit quality as measured by auditors’ tenure of 36 manufacturing companies quoted on the NSE. The sample size was selected using non-probability method of sampling from a population of 185 quoted companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study adopted experimental research design and secondary data extracted from the audited annual reports of the firms under consideration covering a period 2007 to 2017 was used. The study found that ownership concentration has no statistically significant impact on auditors’ tenure. The study therefore recommends that ownership concentration should be maintained at a controllable level; the insignificant impact of concentrated ownership on auditors’ tenure as evident in this study might be the result of inefficient monitoring by large owners. But when ownership concentration by large ownership is maintained at a controlling level, firm values and other performance parameters become positive which may be as a result of an effective internal control system against the expropriation of resources and exploitation of minority shareholders by large shareholders.
Digitization in the German Health Care System - An Analysis of the Status Quo Using the Example of the Dental Sector
Authors: Maier Christian , Juschkat Tizian
Published: June 2020

According to the Federal Ministry of Economics and Energy, the German healthcare industry is growing faster than the economy as a whole but is regularly far behind compared to the rate of digitalization. Nonetheless, the healthcare industry offers great potential for digital applications. The brief overview at hand uses the example of treatment and cost plans in the dental field to illustrate the state of digitalization in the German health care system.

The primary goal is to examine whether it is possible to transfer the principle of electronic data medium exchange for hospital settlements and the associated electronic data processing to the transmission of treatment and cost plans in the dental field. Anselstetter's (1984) expertise is fundamentally used to evaluate the benefits of electronic data processing and to a treatment and cost plan under critical evaluation. In order to determine relevant benefit effects for health insurance funds and dentists, a transfer and processing form of the treatment and cost plan is used based on a generated model.

Applying this model can assist health insurance funds to identify effects regarding time, personnel reduction, and more efficient use of existing personnel structures. It also provides health insurance companies and dentists with an overview of the possible benefits of electronic data transmission and processing. Nonetheless, one of the problems is that it is not possible to calculate the expected costs due to the lack of empirical examinations. Consequently, a detailed cost- benefit evaluation of an electronic transmission and processing of the treatment and cost plans is unfeasible.
Why Take PMP Rather than Prince2 in Project Management in Saudi Arabia?
Authors: Altahtooh Umar
Published: June 2020

Many government ministries and private organizations in Saudi Arabia are starting to require project management certifications for their managers. Both the Project Management Professional (PMP) and the Projects IN Controlled Environments (PRINCE2) certifications are an industry-recognized qualification for project managers. Today, the Project Management Institute (PMI) has more than 300 chapters in over 80 countries, while AXELOS is a joint venture company between the UK Cabinet Office and Capita Plc. This paper shows why the marketplace in Saudi Arabia is demanding PMP rather than PRINCE2. The aim of this study is to contribute to such literature by understanding the dominance of PMP in project management in Saudi Arabia.
Factors Affecting Consumer Buying Behavior For Electronic Notebook
Authors: Idrees Muhammad Abdullah , Khan Muhammad Arsalan , Khan Ayesha
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the factors affecting consumer buying behavior for electronic notebook in Pakistan. The vast formulation that has taken place in IT sector followed by many rivals and acquisitions in the market place, lead both practitioners and students to concentrate on the consumer buying behavior and decision making in notebook industry. NDP Group report published in 2003 national computer has, that US was making more money by selling laptops then selling desktop computers. This was the first time US outdated desktop personal computers to the revolutionary notebooks. This research will explain the factors influencing the buying behavior of electronic notebooks. What makes this study different from other is that it discusses the many factors affecting while a consumer is making a notebook purchase. It is found that core technical specifications, band image, price and connectivity, fashion and trends, physical appearance, value function and technology, and remote are the few factors that affect consumers' notebook purchases.
Part Two: Insurance Sector Development And Its Effect On The Financial Markets In Developing Countries: The Case Of Kosovo
Authors: Baruti Blerta Haliti
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the connection between the insurance market and the financial markets. More specifically to analyze the nature of insurance companies and their direct role in the economic and financial system development. This market study aims to analyze the insurance system in Kosovo by defining and analyzing its structure, the degree of concentration of insurance companies on the insurance market, their behavior towards price, number of participants, companies operating in this market, and types of products and services they provide. This paper (part two of the study) will present the secondary data from Central Bank of Kosovo, Insurance Companies, and Insurance Association of Kosovo. The analysis are performed on quantitative and qualitative data through applying theories on insurance market development in other countries. It is imported to identify the factors because it enables insurance companies to design policies that tackle the demands of consumers for voluntary insurance policies and at the same time to contribute to financial stability of Kosovo’s economy. The study aims to conclude on the main research question: Does Insurance Development affect the Financial Markets in developing countries? The expected outcome is that the insurance sector in Kosovo is an important factor for the further development of the financial system.
Impact of Demographic Factors on Impulse Buying Behavior: A Study of consumer behavior in Supermarkets of Karachi
Authors: Ali Muhammad Abu-Bakr , Zubairi Shameel Ahmed
Published: June 2020

Analysis of consumer behavior needs to be studied in a more holistic way to understand what factors lead consumers to buy on impulse. The primary aim of this study was to determine the influence of demographic factors on the Impulse Buying Behavior (IBB) of the consumers of supermarkets. It was aimed to study the impact of demographic factors (age, gender, and income), on the type of IBB (reminder, pure, suggestion and planned IBB). In this research the quantitative research method was used for analysis and getting the results.  The population of this study comprised of consumers in supermarkets situated in Karachi. The samples in this study were those who were shopping at the selected supermarkets in Karachi.  Convenience sampling was used to gather the information from 300 respondents. Descriptive analysis, reliability analysis, and regression analysis were executed using SPSS for testing the stated hypothesis of the study.  The questionnaire was used as a tool for collecting primary data. The results of the study indicated that the Demographic factors significantly influence pure impulse buying behavior and suggestion impulse buying behavior.
4.0 For Agriculture
Authors: Arıcıoğlu M. Atilla , Yılmaz Aylin , Gülnar Nadiye
Published: June 2020

Recently, there was a struggle to control the volume of production and the volume of production between countries and regions in the world. Rather, western countries had a desire to attract investments in the east to their own countries and regions. This desire has led to the emergence of the Industry 4.0 phenomenon of the West, which is Germany. In other words, with this phenomenon, the industry is aimed to digitize production more and contribute to the issues of speed, efficiency and flexibility by providing digitalization in production. With these changes, Industry 4.0, was seen that the system was working better than it was and production was made cheaper than the system, when taking the muscle strength out of the system. While the positive contributions of Industry 4.0 have resonated with all sectors, it has also started to have an impact on the agricultural sector. Problems such as scarcity in the world, not using natural resources effectively and not using technology in the agricultural field, have caused the emergence of digitalization in the agricultural sector. "Agriculture 4.0", wich means making smart production with smart farming practices by using the concepts, information and technologies in the literature. In line with the possibilities and technological developments offered by Industry 4.0, it enables the sensors to be seen in all agricultural machines from the tractor to the crop tools and the communication of the machines in the entire production process by entering the internet of things into the agricultural sector. As a matter of fact, with the agriculture 4.0, the traditional agriculture paradigm has not been sufficient anymore and it contributes to sustainability, to be productive, to protect the rural texture, to protect the environmental quality and to provide accessible food by undergoing changes and agricultural practices. In the study, the problems experienced in the agricultural sector, the effects of Agriculture 4.0 on these problems and how they will benefit are discussed. The use of technology has given the system its name and agriculture has also taken its share in the developments. Accordingly, what are the practices of Agriculture 4.0 in the world and how their contributions are investigated.
A Risk Management Model Applicable To The Administration Of The Research, Development And Innovation (RD&I) Processes From Occidental Amazon
Authors: Pignaton Ana Paula Ferreira Martins , Oliveira Marcelo , Veroneze Gabriela , Pereira Marcelo
Published: June 2020

The process of research, development and innovation (RD&I) is very important for the technological growth of a nation. Because they are activities with a considerable level of uncertainty, they require a lot of planning, with the execution of projects and a robust risk management. In the Western Amazon is one of the largest industrial parks in Brazil, subsidized by tax benefits from Law No. 8,387 / 1991, which also establishes the obligation for companies that manufacture computer goods to allocate part of their revenue for the implementation of projects of Research and Development. Studies show that the results of RD&I activities carried out in the Western Amazon, as well as in Brazil, are deficient. Thus, this work aimed to present a risk management model that can contribute to a better management of processes related to RD&I in the Western Amazon. The methodology consisted of a scientific research of applied nature, whose data were collected through bibliographic, documentary and case study research, and later they were analyzed in a qualitative way. It was concluded that the risk management model presented here is a practical manual composed of a detailed procedural rite of great value for managers who want to implement a risk management program in their organizations and, specifically in the case of SUFRAMA, represents a support instrument to guide the management of risks inherent to RD&I activities developed in the Western Amazon,  enhancing its results and contributing to expand the technological development of the region.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Studies of 6-Aryl and 6-Anilino Benzo[a]phenoxazinones
Authors: Ocholi Simon Sani , Onoabedje Efeturi Abraham , Egu Samuel Attah
Published: June 2020

Palladium catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura (SM) and Buchwald – Hartwig (BH) cross-coupling reactions of some phenoxazines are reported.  The precursor  9,11-diamino-6-chloro-7-oxa-8,10,12-triaza-benzo [a] anthracen-5-one  was prepared by anhydrous base mediated reaction of  2,5,6-triamino-pyrimidin-4-ol  and 2,3-dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone in methanol. The molecular structures of the synthesized compounds agreed with UV/visible, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, MS and elemental analysis data. Using Ciprofloxacin and Ketoconazole as reference drugs, the compounds were screened against six (6) micro-organisms, viz: Listeria ivanovii, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiellapneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Aspergillusnigerand were found to show significant activity against L.ivanovii and E. coli bacteria.
Qualitative Determination of Urinary Iodine Concentration and Related Intelligence Quotient among High School Young Teenagers
Authors: Bunu Samuel Jacob , Ere Diepreye , Alabo Celebrate E
Published: June 2020

Nutritional Essential Balance is a common trend in life. Iodine is not produced in the body and it is vital in maintaining good health, therefore it is needed to be consumed regularly. Essential iodine supplies are found in the ocean's bounty such as, sea salt, and fish. On land, iodine levels in the soil are great and are sufficiently maintained by plants such as cereals, vegetables. Several of the body functions rely upon iodine, including energy production, mental development, thyroid hormones production, reproductive glands support, and maintenance of the strong lymphatic system as well as cell growth regulation. Small amounts of iodine are found in the blood, nerves, and other organs of the body, but most of the body's iodine is present in the thyroid, breasts, ovaries, uterus, and prostate glands. The study was aimed to determine and evaluate the level of iodine concentration in the urine of school-age children, and its correlation to their intelligence quotient (IQ). The Titrimetric method was used in iodine urine concentration analysis.  Urine (5 ml) was measured from a universal bottle and transferred to a beaker and 20 ml of water was added. After preparing the test mixture, it was titrated with 0.001M sodium thiosulphate using a burette, and at the endpoint colorless solution was obtained, this done for all the samples. From the results, the median urinary iodine levels were 117.7µg/L which is within the adequate iodine intake range (100-199 µg/L). This suggests that iodine was not deficient in any form amongst the school children. There may also be no risk of mental impairment and goiter development among these children if iodine concentration in urine is a risk factor. Therefore, checking the iodine nutrition of a population is vital and a good marker in the assessment of iodine deficiency-related disorders.
Design of Renewable Energy System for a House in St. John’s, Canada
Authors: Khadodra Uday , Rahaman Md Habibur , Jamil Mohsin
Published: June 2020

During this period of rising energy demand, utility companies are at a certain point in time, unable to satisfy the overall requirements of their entire consumer population. During this kind of situation, the system, which is, at a micro-scale, can also refer to a zero-energy building, which can also be very prominent in solving this problem. Another thing is that cries of non-renewable energy sources and most of the utility companies are majorly dependent on that kind of energy source, and it keeps along with issues of global warming. A renewable energy-based power system can solve this issue.  In this paper, the solution to this problem by introducing the microscale installation of a renewable energy source at the residential level has been presented. For that here, the area selected for this project is located in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, CANADA. Newfoundland is an island; hence, the proposed system would be beneficial here. Building this kind of system is the process of designing, selecting, and calculating the energy demand of equipment and, at last, synchronizing it with the grid to make it as zero energy building. This process depends upon a range of variables, including geographical location, load requirement, and solar irradiation. The required demand, system modeling, simulation, and techno-economic analysis are carried out by BEopt, HOEMR, and MATLAB software.
AHP Decision Making Algorithm for Development of HVDC and EHVAC in Developing Countries
Authors: Aranizadeh Ali , Kazemi Mehrzad , Barahmandpour Homayoun , Dolatsara Hamidreza Ahady
Published: June 2020

Nowadays, as the population of urban areas increases, the need for consumption increases as well. This amount of consumption requires power generation centers with large volumes exploiting that it needs to be big enough, which guides technology towards bulk power transmission systems. In doing so, two types of power transmission systems, including HVDC and EHVAC, can be studied. However, since none of the above technologies has been used in developing countries, a decision should be made to introduce and develop any of these technologies. Applying both technologies together would not be cost-effective. A decision-making development needs the principles of conflicting purposes for alternatives and the selection of the best choice based on the needs of decision-makers. Multi-objective optimization methods may well provide a solution for this selection. Thus, this paper studies deciding on the introduction and Development of HVDC and EHVAC in a developing country, Iran. To this end, measures of this selection are described in detail, and then, AHP, one of the well-known MCDM method, is used to make the final decision.