bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tejiendo en la politica publica, el derecho a la educación de mujeres reinsertadas
Authors: Garzón Tautiva Nelson Camilo , Maldonado Archila Leidy Andrea
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo tiene como fin explorar y señalar una serie de estrategias y/o lineamientos que puedan ser considerados en la elaboración de políticas públicas educativas dirigidas a mujeres excombatientes vinculadas a procesos de Desarme, Reinserción y Reintegración-DDR. Para lograr el cometido mencionado, se abordará los conceptos referentes a los  procesos acabos de mencionar, enfoque de género y derecho a la educación, analizando los pros y contras de su aplicación en el marco del Acuerdo de Paz firmado por el Gobierno Nacional y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia, teniendo en cuenta los lineamientos dados por la Comunidad Internacional y lo dicho por distintas instituciones públicas, investigadores y excombatientes que se han encargado de estudiar procesos anteriores.
La participación política en la historia
Authors: Ruiz Ruiz Ramón
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo estudia los momentos más álgidos por los que han pasado las concepciones políticas a lo largo de la historia. Está dividido en tres partes que corresponden con cada momento histórico, en los que prevaleció una u otra de estas concepciones. El primer momento es la Antigüedad clásica, el segundo momento es el periodo que se extiende desde la Roma imperial hasta los últimos años de la Edad Moderna, incluyendo la Edad Media, y el tercer momento corresponde a la era contemporánea. En este punto es importante tener en cuenta que las concepciones políticas analizadas en cada momento histórico, corresponden a las grandes teorías del poder político descritas por Ullmann: ascendente y descendente. En virtud de la primera, el sistema político es concebido metafóricamente como una pirámide, siendo su base los ciudadanos, donde se concentra todo el poder. La concepción política entendida como descendente, sostiene que el poder originario reside en Dios, que es quien otorga las leyes a la humanidad pormedio de los reyes.
Derecho y economía
Authors: Romero Alvarado Luz Marina
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo contiene un análisis acerca del controvertido problemade la estrecha relación entre el derecho y la economía, que ha contribuido alreplanteamiento del estudio del derecho y sus implicaciones en la construcciónde la teoría económica. Se considera oportuno, dada la importancia yrelevancia de esa discusión en los ámbitos académico, estatal y político.Para cumplir con el objetivo se hizo una revisión exhaustiva de la literaturacon el fin de obtener los principales argumentos de los autores frente a larelación de estas dos ciencias. Se destacan los postulados de Adam Smithsobre la investigación de la sociedad capitalista, el papel del Estado y larelación del derecho y la economía.Se inicia con los planteamientos expuestos por Adam Smith, después se centraen la relación derecho y economía desde la teoría de la causalidad y la teoríade la integración expuesta por los alemanes Carlos Marx y Rudolf Stammler,respectivamente, y los postulados weberianos. Posteriormente expone losplanteamientos de la economía y el derecho desde la perspectiva de la escuelaneoinstitucionalista, concretamente se esbozan los lineamientos de algunosde sus representantes como Ronal Coase, Guido Calabresi, Richard Posner yGary Becker, finalmente se presentan unas conclusiones.
Dinamismo del Estatuto de Roma como instrumento jurídico penal internacional en los veinte años del nuevo constitucionalismo colombiano
Authors: Alonso Niño Edwin Hernando
Published: July 2019

La dinámica del derecho penal en cabeza de la Corte Penal Internacionalconstituye el principio de articulación e integración tanto del derecho penalinterno como del derecho penal internacional, por tanto, no puededesconocerse un punto de encuentro necesario entre los Estados frente a lacomunidad internacional.Con base en lo anterior, el presente análisis pretende describir los desafíosque afronta el sistema penal interno y el proceso legislativo recorrido porparte del Estado colombiano, teniendo como premisa la adopción del Estatutode Roma en la Constitución Política colombiana de 1991, la cual representala evolución y reconocimiento jurídico a la protección de los derechos humanos.Se analizarán diferentes concepciones jurisprudenciales de la CorteConstitucional, como bloque de constitucionalidad, para finalmente establecerel tratamiento que ha aplicado el sistema jurídico interno a los instrumentosinternacionales, durante los veinte años de constitucionalismo colombiano.
Derechos humanos: su presencia en las constituciones colombianas. Parte I: del análisis de contenido de los textos correspondientes a las Constituciones de 1886 y 1991
Authors: Sierra Baena Miguel Ángel , Sierra Londoño Alonso , Zapata Ocampo Óscar De Jesús
Published: July 2019

En el marco del proyecto de investigación “Interacción con minoríassocioculturales (M.S.C) en el contexto universitario tradicional de Medellín(1980-2008): lectura desde N historias de vida”, patrocinado por el InstitutoColombiano para el Desarrollo de la Ciencia y la Tecnología “FranciscoJosé de Caldas” -COLCIENCIAS-, se estudiaron las principales Constitucionescolombianas, promulgadas entre 1821 y el presente, y sus reformas. Seconcentró el análisis en cuatro de esas Constituciones y se eligieron, comocorpus de investigación, las correspondientes a 1886 y 1991.
Desafíos para la democracia argentina. Treinta años después
Authors: Del Barco Ricardo
Published: July 2019

Análisis de la democracia en Argentina, al cumplir en el año 2013, los primerostreinta años con este sistema. Sin embargo, esta democracia debe enfrentartodavía algunos desafíos, tales como: afianzar la democracia, construir larepública, superar el furor del mando, vencer la ley del odio, reconstruir lacultura del trabajo, devolver a la política el sentido de servicio.
La responsabilidad internacional del Estado derivada en la demora en la toma de una decisión judicial. (Alusión al caso García Mateos contra España)
Authors: Bernal Gómez Daniel Rigoberto
Published: July 2019

El presente artículo hace alusión a la conducta que genera eventualmenteresponsabilidad estatal conforme al derecho internacional, haciendo énfasisen los funcionarios de la rama judicial por la demora en la toma de unadecisión definitiva. Posteriormente describe los pormenores de un caso llevadoante el Tribunal Europeo de Derechos Humanos teniendo en la decisión unreferente que en materia del acceso a un recurso judicial efectivo debe vincularlos Estados en un marco de respeto de los derechos humanos y del acceso ala justicia, sobre todo cuando los jueces actúan de forma lenta y al mismotiempo no reconocen la búsqueda de una justicia material.
Protección especial al trabajador en asuntos de seguridad social
Authors: Hernández Montenegro Mariah Angélica , Reyes Martínez Mónica Jimena
Published: July 2019

El presente trabajo desarrolla una línea de estudio en torno a la normatividadvigente para la protección del trabajador en materia de seguridad social. Enprimera instancia trata los fundamentos constitucionales e internacionalesdonde se plasma una serie de principios que van a regir dicho sistema, ademásestudia de manera muy amplia las leyes de seguridad social de nuestro país ylos sistemas de protección que estas establecen a favor del trabajador, asícomo las obligaciones de este y el empleador. Es importante tener en cuentaque también el artículo se ocupa de estudiar el papel que juegan las diferentesinstancias judiciales en esta materia.
Optimum Tuning of a Gyroscopic Vibration Absorber for Vibration Control of a Vertical Cantilever Beam with Tip Mass
Authors: Ünker Faruk , Çuvalcı Olkan
Published: July 2019

In this paper, a symmetric gyro with coupling to the tip mass of a beam mounted on a vibrating base is considered. Taking advantage of the angular momentum of the rotating gyroscope, gyrostabilizer systems are expected to become more widely actualized as they provide an effective means of motion control with several significant advantages for various structures. This paper mainly focused on finding optimized stiffness and damping values that minimize the vibration responses with the derivation of the frequency equations of a special combined gyro-beam system. Correctness of the analytical results is verified by numerical simulations. The comparison with the results from the derivation of the corresponding frequency equations shows that the optimized stiffness and damping values are very accurate.
Electromechanical Modeling and High Speed Design of a Tubular Ultrasonic Motor
Authors: Dabbagh Vahid , Sarhan Ahmed A. D. , Akbari Javad , Mardi N. A.
Published: July 2019

Tubular ultrasonic motors are one of the simplest yet effective methods to realize rotational ultrasonic motors. In
this paper, electromechanical modeling of a tubular ultrasonic motor is achieved using assumed-modes method,
Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, and constitutive equations of piezoelectricity. Upon validating the analytical model
using finite element method (FEM) and the experimental result, effect of the design variables on speed is investigated using sensitivity analysis. The result proves that the speed of the motor is almost independent of the tube
length for a constant length ratio of the tube and piezo-plates. Excellent agreement between the experimental and
analytical model is observed. In addition, a set of guidelines for high speed designing of the stator is proposed.
The results of this paper greatly facilitate design of tubular ultrasonic motors with respect to achieving high speed
motor.
An Intelligent Detection System Development for
Local Faults in a Ball Bearing
Authors: Liu Jing , Wang Linfeng , Zhou Li , Wang Liming , Shi Zhifeng
Published: July 2019

Local faults can be produced in ball bearings during their manufacturing process. An efficient, fast and accurate
local fault detection method can help improve the quality of ball bearings. To overcome this problem, an intelligent
detection system for a ball bearing with the local faults is developed based on the NI LabVIEW software. This
system includes the determination of bearing fault parameters, signal acquisition, envelope analysis, time-domain
parameter analysis and bearing fault status modules. In this system, the frequency-domain feature method is based
on the envelope demodulation analysis, the effective statistical indexes, and the Pearson correlation coefficient.
The frequency-domain feature method is used to determine the threshold range for each fault level in the system.
This system can in turn be used to determine the fault location and sizes for the ball bearings. A case study for the
calculation and analysis for the frequency and time-domain acceleration is presented to predict the location and
size of the local faults in a ball bearing. The test data from the Case Western Reserve University Bearing Data
Center is used to verify the developed intelligent detection system for local faults in the ball bearing. The results
show that the proposed detection system can be used to detect the local fault in the ball bearings.
Tunneling of Massive Vector Particles from Types of BTZ-like Black Holes
Authors: Javed Wajiha , Ali Riasat , Babar Rimsha , Övgün Ali
Published: July 2019

In this paper, we analyze the Hawking radiation phenomenon for types of Banados-Teitelboim-Zanelli-like (BTZ-like) black holes. For this purpose, using the Hamilton-Jacobi method, we consider semi-classical WKB approximation to calculate the tunneling probabilities of massive boson particles. For these particles, we use the equation of motion for the Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model. Using quantum tunneling process of charged massive bossons, we compute the corresponding Hawking temperatures. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of rotation parameter on tunneling probability and temperature.
Astrotoxicology
Authors: Strey Karsten
Published: July 2019

After astrochemistry and astrobiology, astrotoxicology is a further subfield of astroscience. Astrotoxicology is an interdisciplinary science that combines physics, biology, chemistry, astronomy, medicine and toxicology. Unlike toxicology on Earth, astrotoxicology in space must take into account the specific features of extreme conditions such as gravity, radiation, temperature or pressure and also consider the distinctions of extreme conditions on other celestial bodies. The field of action of astrotoxicology is, therefore, the influence of lower gravity on the toxicological characteristics of substances in the human body, the special dangers caused by increased radiation in space and on other planets and the special chemical changes caused by the extreme conditions in space on substances and the toxicological consequences associated with them. Despite growing space research, there are so far only a few pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic or toxicological investigations under conditions of microgravity and knowledge of toxicology under the extreme conditions in space in particular. Future studies will be the beginning of astrotoxicology, a previously unknown branch of toxicology.
A Novel Conceptual Risk Management Model Based on The Future’s Uncertainties
Authors: Hafezi Reza , Akhavan Amir Naser
Published: July 2019

Controlling and managing risk is always a critical point for the managers, investors and even consultants. Having clear and better percepts about future can reduce the risk of fail. In addition it is important for a risk analyzer to consider the stakeholders views and senses about the risk. This research aimed at framing a comprehensive risk management model which builds up on stakeholder requirements and forecasting techniques. This conceptual model attempts to use the stakeholder’s points of view to write prefer and probable scenarios to neglect critical risks and increase the chance of success in long-term plannings. Using futures studies methods prepare decision makers for the possible upcoming events and donate them a powerful tool to handle the uncertainties cover the future.
A BEM-Based Actuator Disk Model for Wind Turbine Wakes Considering Atmospheric Stability
Authors: Han Xing Xing , Liu De You , Xu Chang , Shen Wen Zhong , Li Lin Min , Xue Fei Fei
Published: July 2019

Atmospheric stability affects wind turbine wakes significantly. High-fidelity approaches such as large eddy simulations (LES) with the actuator line (AL) model which predicts detailed wake structures, fail to be applied in wind farm engineering applications due to its expensive cost. In order to make wind farm simulations computationally affordable, this paper proposes a new actuator disk model (AD) based on the blade element method (BEM) and combined with Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) to model turbine wakes under different atmospheric stability conditions. In the proposed model, the upstream reference velocity is firstly estimated from the disk averaged velocity based on the one-dimensional momentum theory, and then is used to evaluate the rotor speed to calculate blade element forces. Flow similarity functions based on field measurement are applied to limit wind shear under strongly stable conditions, and turbulence source terms are added to take the buoyant-driven effects into consideration. Results from the new AD model are compared with field measurements and results from the AD model based on the thrust coefficient, the BEM-AD model with classical similarity functions and a high-fidelity LES approach. The results show that the proposed method is better in simulating wakes under various atmospheric stability conditions than the other AD models and has a similar performance to the high-fidelity LES approach however in much lower computational cost.
From Classical Superposition of Waves to Quantum Interference: Three Level Quantum System for Two Entangled Photons
Authors: Djalalian-Assl Amir
Published: July 2019

Properties and applications of a plasmonic cross-shaped nano-antenna is presented and compared to those of array of holes. A simple analytical model based on the superposition of waves are proposed and compared to the numerical results. A direct consequence of unequal path for two orthogonal surface waves leads to a coherent quantum interferometer with interesting properties. Mechanism behind the rotating surface charge densities and consequently, the formation of rotating resultant dipole moments is identified and the concept of Dipole-SPP-LSP-Stokes coupling is introduced. All of which leads to the most significant findings (a) foundation of a three-level quantum system for entangled photons, based on the polarization states of the transmitted light and (b) further encapsulation of the three-level quantum system into a continuous orthonormal set of pure quantum states (c) an inference on the nonexistence of spin in a single photon, hence the requirement of two photons to create such spin states.
A Comparative Study of Continuum and Structural Modelling Approaches to Simulate Bone Adaptation in the Pelvic Construct
Authors: Zaharie Dan Tudor , Phillips Andrew T.M.
Published: July 2019

This study presents the development of a number of finite element (FE) models of the pelvis using different continuum and structural modelling approaches. Four FE models were developed using different modelling approaches: continuum isotropic, continuum orthotropic, hybrid isotropic and hybrid orthotropic. The models were subjected to an iterative adaptation process based on the Mechanostat principle. Each model was adapted to a number of common daily living activities (walking, stair ascent, stair descent, sit-to-stand and stand-to-sit) by applying onto it joint and muscle loads derived using a musculoskeletal modelling framework. The resulting models, along with a structural model previously developed by the authors, were compared visually in terms of bone architecture, and their response to a single load case was compared to a continuum FE model derived from CT imaging data. The main findings of this study were that the continuum orthotropic model was the closest to the CT derived model in terms of load response albeit having less total bone volume, suggesting that the role of material directionality in influencing the maximum orthotropic Young's modulus should be included in continuum bone adaptation models. In addition, the hybrid models, where trabecular and cortical bone were distinguished, had similar outcomes, suggesting that the approach to modelling trabecular bone is less influential when the cortex is modelled separately.
Vitamin D and ω-3 Supplementations in Mediterranean Diet During the 1st Year of Overt Type 1 Diabetes: A Cohort Study
Authors: Cadario Francesco , Pozzi Erica , Rizzollo Stefano , Stracuzzi Marta , Beux Sheila , Giorgis Alberto , Carrera Deborah , Fullin Fabiola , Riso Sergio , Rizzo Angela Maria , Montorfano Gigliola , Bagnati Marco , Dianzani Umberto , Caimmi Philippe , Bona Gianni , Ricordi Camillo
Published: July 2019

Vitamin D and ω-3 fatty acids (ω-3) co-supplementation potentially improve type 1 diabetes (T1D) by attenuating autoimmunity and counteracting inflammation.This cohort study preliminary to a randomized control trial (RCT) is aimed to evaluate, in a series of T1D children assuming Mediterranean diet and taking cholecalciferol 1000U/day fromT1D onset, if ω-3 co-supplementation preserves the residual endogen insulin secretion (REIS).Therefore, 22 new onsets of 2017 received ω-3 [eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), 60mg/kg/day], and were compared retrospectively vs. 37 previous onsets without ω-3 supplementation. HbA1c%, daily insulin demand (IU/Kg/day) and IDAA1c, a composite index (calculated as IU/Kg/dayx4 + HbA1c%) as surrogate of REIS, were evaluated at recruitment (T0) and 12 months later (T12). In the ω-3 supplemented group, dietary intakes were evaluated at T0 and T12. As outcome, decreased insulin demand (p<0.01), particularly pre-meal boluses (p<0.01), and IDAA1c (p<0.05), were found in the ω-3 group while HbA1c% were not different in the two groups. Diet analysis, at T12 vs. T0, showed that the intake of arachidonic acid (AA) was decreased (p<0.01) in the ω-3 supplemented group while other nutrients were unchanged; at T0, the AA intake was inversely correlated with HbA1c% (p<0.05; r;.0.411). In conclusion, the results suggest that vitamin D plus ω-3 co-supplementation and AA reduction in Mediterranean diet display benefits for T1D children and deserve further investigation.
GaN/Ga2O3 Core/Shell Nanowires Growth: Nanostructures for Future CO-Sensors Developments
Authors: Bui Quang Chieu , Largeau Ludovic , Morassi Martina , Jegenyes Nikoletta , Mauguain Olivia , Travers Laurent , Lafosse Xavier , Dupuis Christophe , Harmand Jean-Christophe , Tchernycheva Maria , Gogneau Noelle
Published: July 2019

The development of sensors for monitoring Carbon Monoxide (CO) in a large range of temperature is of crucial importance in areas as monitoring of industrial processes or personal tracking using smart objects. Devices integrating GaN/Ga2O3 core/shell nanowires (NWs) is a promising solution allowing combining the high sensitivity of the electronic properties to the states of GaN-core surface; and the high sensitivity to CO of Ga2O3-shell. Because the performances of sensors primarily depend on the material properties composing the active layer of the device, it is essential to control these properties and in first time its synthesis. In this work, we investigate the synthesis of GaN/Ga2O3 core-shell NWs with a special focus on the formation of the shell. The GaN NWs grown by Plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy, are post-treated following thermal oxidation to form Ga2O3-shell surrounding the GaN-core. We establish that the Ga2O3-shell thickness can be modulated from 1 up to 14 nm by changing the oxidation conditions, and follows the diffuse-controlled reaction. By combining XRD-STEM and EDX analysis, we also demonstrate that the oxide shell formed by thermal oxidation is crystalline and presents the β-Ga2O3 crystalline phase, and is synthesized in epitaxial relationship with the GaN-core.
Slope Matched Highly Birefringent Hybrid Dispersion Compensating Fiber over Telecommunication Bands with Low Confinement Loss
Authors: Halder Amit
Published: July 2019

This article reveals a best possible design for hybrid dispersion compensating fiber (HyDCF) with high birefringence established on modified broadband compensating structure through S, C and L telecommunication bands. The simulation outcome exhibits relatively higher birefringence of 3.193×10-2 at wavelength of 1550 nm. The suggested fiber also has dispersion compensation characteristics in an inclusive series of wavelengths which covers 1400-1625 nm. The reported design can achieve dispersion quantity of – 343.57 ps/ (nm.km) at 1550 nm effective wavelength. The reported fiber design matches the relative dispersion slope (RDS) 0.003561 nm-1 similar to single mode fiber at 1550 nm operating wavelength. This fiber demonstrates nearly zero flatten effective dispersion of – 1.1706 ± 0.6425 ps/ (nm.km) within 250 nm flat band ranging from 1450-1700 nm wavelength. It is also convenient to optical high bit rate communication systems. The low confinement loss is found 1.525×10-9 dB/m at the operating wavelength. This design also achieves highly nonlinear coefficient of 40.33 W-1km-1. In some cases, it can also be used in sensing applications.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL FISIKA BERBASIS MASALAH PADA MATERI TERMODINAMIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN GENERIK SAINS SISWA KELAS XI SMA/MA
Authors: Dewi Farahita Maya Canty , Sunarno Widha , Sarwanto Sarwanto
Published: July 2019

Pembelajaran di sekolah belum maksimal menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis masalah oleh sebab itu modul fisika berbasis masalah pada materi termodinamika perlu dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan keterampilan generik sains siswa yang masih rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mendeskripsikan karakteristik modul fisika berbasis masalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan generik sains siswa pada materi termodinamika; (2) mengembangkan modul pembelajaran fisika berbasis masalah yang layak untuk meningkatkan keterampilan generik sains siswa pada materi termodinamika; 3) mengetahui peningkatkan keterampilan generik sains siswa setelah mengikuti pembelajaran menggunakan modul fisika berbasis masalah hasil pengembangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Research and Development yang dikemukakan oleh Thiagarajan (1974) dengan model 4-D. Uji coba menggunkan one group pretest-posttest design. Modul disusun dengan tahapan berbasis masalah yaitu merumuskan masalah, merumuskan hipotesis, mengumpulkan data, menguji hipotesis, dan merumuskan kesimpulan. Analisis data pada tahap define adalah analisis data deskriptif, pada tahap design menggunakan analisis kualitatif, pada tahap develop untuk data validasi modul menggunakan nilai cut off dan data keterampilan generik sains dianalisis menggunakan uji t berpasangan dan dihitung dengan N-Gain ternormalisasi, dan pada tahap disseminate menggunakan analisis data deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini: (1) karakteristik modul yang dikembangkan memuat tahapan berbasis masalah pada setiap kegiatan belajar dengan komponen indikator keterampilan generik sains; (2) modul dikategorikan layak berdasarkan ahli materi, media, bahasa, guru fisika, dan peer review yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai rata-rata 85,23 lebih besar dari nilai minimum kelayakan 84,25. Serta didukung dengan respon dari siswa dengan kategori baik dan hasil disseminate yang mengkategorikan modul sangat baik; (3) keterampilan generik sains siswa setelah menggunakan modul fisika berbasis masalah pada materi termodinamika mengalami peningkatan dalam kategori sedang dengan N-Gain sebesar 0,62.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL FISIKA DENGAN PENDEKATAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS PADA MATERI LISTRIK DINAMIS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF SISWA KELAS X SMA
Authors: Kinasih Ayang , Sunarno Widha , Sukarmin Sukarmin
Published: July 2019

Karakteristik ilmu fisika adalah ilmu yang di dalamnya terdapat prinsip, hukum, dan konsep. Proses untuk mendapatkan prinsip, hukum, dan konsep diperlukan metode ilmiah. Pengembangan bahan ajar yang relevan berdasarkan metode ilmiah diperlukan agar pembelajaran menjadi lebih bermakna sehingga dapat memaksimalkan hasil belajar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) mendeskripsikan cara penyusunan  modul fisika melalui pendekatan keterampilan proses sains hasil pengembangan 2) menganalisis kelayakan modul fisika melalui pendekatan keterampilan proses sains yang dikembangkan 3) efektivitas modul fisika dengan pendekatan keterampilan proses sains untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif dan hasil belajar siswa kelas X SMA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian dan pengembangan (Research and Development) termodifikasi dari Thiagarajan (1974), Pengembangan dilakukan dengan mengacu pada model 4-D dengan tahapan Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket, lembar observasi, dan tes. Uji lapangan operasional menggunakan one group pretest-posttest design. Analisis data yang digunakan pada tahap define adalah analisis data deskriptif, pada tahap design dengan analisis KD, pada tahap develop untuk data hasil validasi modul menggunakan nilai cut off yang dikonversi menjadi kategori kualitas dengan pedoman skor skala 4 dan data kemampuan berpikir kreatif (hasil belajar kognitif) menggunakan uji t berpasangan dan dihitung dengan n-gain ternormalisasi, dan pada tahap disseminate menggunakan nilai cut off yang dikonversi menjadi kategori kualitas dengan pedoman skor skala 4. Berdasarkan analisa data diperoleh hasil penelitian dan pengembangan sebagai berikut: 1) modul Pembelajaran fisika dengan pendekatan keterampilan proses sains pada materi listrik dinamis dikembangkan berdasarkan komponen pembelajaran melalui pendekatan keterampilan proses sains dengan format kriteria modul yang diadaptasi dari pendapat Vembriarto dan merujuk pada standar yang telah ditetapkan BSNP tentang standar pengembangan modul dan buku teks pelajaran dengan model pengembangan modul menggunakan model 4-D meliputi define, design, develop, and disseminate, 2) kelayakan modul fisika dengan pendekatan keterampilan proses sains setelah dilakukan uji coba produk awal, uji coba lapangan terbatas, uji lapangan operasional, dan diseminasi didapatkan rata-rata persentase sebesar 77,87% yang dikategorikan “Baik”, 3) efektivitas modul fisika dengan pendekatan keterampilan proses sains pada materi listrik dinamis dapat meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif (hasil belajar kognitif) siswa dengan nilai N-Gain sebesar 0,7 dikategorikan “Sedang”.
THE EFFECT OF QUENCHING MEDIA VARIATIONS ON MICRO STRUCTURE AND VIOLENCE OF THE S45C STEEL STEEL WELDING RESULTS
Authors: Nur Haq Bagus Supriyadi
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of current on microstructure and hardness value in S45C steel before (raw material) and after welding using Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). This research using experiment method. The Technique of data analysis using descriptive comparative research. The instruments that used for testing microstructure and hardness is Olympus Metallurgical Microscope and Vickers Hardness Tester. Based on the results of the research conclude that (1) the results of the microstructure testing showed the improved martensite structure after welding. In the raw material, martensite structure didn’t exist but the result of SMAW welding methods using quenching media of water, oil, and air that showed martensite structure was exist. (2) The hardness value of raw material is 232 VHN. The specimen with water media had highest average hardness value that is 411 VHN, oil media had average hardness value that is 308 VHN, air media had lowest average hardness value that is 263 VHN. This research showed that the result of SMAW welding using varying quenching media can changed the microstructure and hardness of S45C steel.
CORRELATION BETWEEN SOFT SKILLS AND HARD SKILLS (ACHIEVEMENT OF HIGH COMPETENCY) WITH PREPARATION TO BE TEACHER OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING EDUCATION STUDENTS
Authors: Harjanto Budi
Published: July 2019

This study aims to acquire a good knowledge of (1) influence of soft skills with the readiness to be a teacher education student of Mechanical Engineering, 2015; (2) influence achievement of vocational competencies (hard skills) with the readiness of a teacher education student of Mechanical Engineering, 2015; (3)influence of soft skills and vocational competence achievement (hard skills) with the readiness of a teacher education student of Mechanical Engineering in 2015. This type of research is correlational research. The population of this research is the students of Mechanical Engineering Education FKIP UNS of 2015 class, which amounted to 62 students. The sample size was determined by simple random sampling technique, and the totalled 55 students. I am collecting data using the method of documentation for performance variables vocational competencies (hard skills) and a questionnaire to the variable soft skills and readiness to be a teacher. Validity test of item using Pearson Product Moment formula and reliability test instrument using Alpha Cronbach formula. Grain validity test and instrument reliability test using SPSS Version 19 program. The prerequisite analysis test consists of a normality test, linearity test, and multicollinearity test. Data analysis techniques use partial correlation and multiple linear regression. The level of significance of the analysis is 5%. The results are as follows. First, there is a positive and significant relationship between soft skills with the readiness of a teacher education student of Mechanical Engineering in 2015 (r count = 0,806> r table = 0.2681; p-value = 0.000 <0.05). If soft skills increase, the readiness to become a teacher is also increasing. Secondly, there is no positive correlation between the achievement of vocational competencies (hard skills) with the readiness of a teacher (r count = 0.187  0.05). Scientifically proven that when the achievements of vocational competencies (hard skills) increase, so do not affect the readiness to become a teacher. Third, there is a positive and significant relationship between soft skills and vocational competence achievement (hard skills) together with a readiness to be a teacher (f count = 48.357> f table = 3.18).
Aplicação de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (ATS) na tomada de decisão em hospitais
Authors: Francisco Fernando , Malik Ana Maria
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: A incorporação de tecnologias em saúde por hospitais afeta o desempenho financeiro e assistencial do sistema de saúde de todo um país, e faltam informações na literatura sobre a aplicação de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde (ATS) em hospitais no Brasil. Adicionalmente, há indícios de que a aplicação de ATS em hospitais pode melhorar o uso dos investimentos financeiros de todo o setor de saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a aplicação dos métodos de ATS na tomada de decisão em hospitais vinculados à Rebrats (Rede Brasileira de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde). Métodos: Optou-se por utilizar o método da Grounded Theory, ou Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados, e os dados foram analisados com o uso do software ATLAS.ti. Foram realizadas entrevistas com gestores de 11 Núcleos de ATS (NATS), baseadas em roteiro semiestruturado preparado a partir dos 15 princípios orientadores para boas práticas de ATS em hospitais. Resultados: Os resultados indicaram que a ATS é aplicada de maneira incipiente no processo de tomada de decisão em hospitais. Conclusão: A análise do conteúdo das entrevistas permitiu, ainda, concluir que o sucesso dos NATS para a incorporação e desincorporação de tecnologias em saúde depende de uma cadeia de ações estratégicas relacionadas, e a falta de qualquer uma das etapas enfraquece, ou mesmo inviabiliza, a plena aplicação da ATS para a tomada de decisões em hospitais.
The influence of reproductive information quality on the probability of unplanned and unwanted pregnancies in Brazil
Authors: Wichmann Roberta
Published: July 2019

Background: Unplanned pregnancies are a significant risk factor for inadequate use of prenatal care, and unplanned newborns are prone to having low birth weight. Women with unplanned pregnancies have a higher probability of reporting medical problems before and during pregnancy. In fact, the wellbeing of the entire household may be affected. Moreover, unplanned pregnancies have been associated with a higher social burden on taxpayers. Methods: The paper uses propensity score matching approaches to estimate the effect of having correct fertility information on the probability of having unplanned pregnancies. The data was collected from a nationally representative sample of Brazilian women between the ages of 15 and 49 years. Results: Only 26% of pregnant women have the correct information about fertility levels over the menstrual cycle. Women endowed with correct information are 12% less likely to have unwanted pregnancies and 24% less likely to have unplanned pregnancies. Conclusions: Basic fertility knowledge is an important predictor of unplanned pregnancies in Brazil, but only a small share of Brazilian women have this knowledge. More optimistically, offering access to basic fertility information to women of childbearing age can significantly decrease the instances of unplanned pregnancies, thus generating significant benefits to public health and social security systems.
O impacto económico da prevenção de quedas em idosos: uma análise custo- -utilidade à intervenção das Equipas de Cuidados Continuados Integrados
Authors: Venâncio Bruno , Almeida Álvaro , Filipe Margarida
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Estimar o impacto económico da intervenção das Equipas de Cuidados Continuados Integrados (ECCI) na comunidade no domínio da prevenção de quedas em idosos. Métodos: Avaliação económica custo-utilidade à intervenção das Equipas de Cuidados Continuados Integrados na prevenção de quedas em idosos. Resultado: A intervenção das ECCI na prevenção de quedas em idosos proporcionou ganhos em saúde estimados em 4,46 QALYs e uma poupança de custos aproximados a 16.952,46 €. Conclusão: A intervenção das ECCI é custo-efetiva, pelo que se recomenda o seu benchmarking a outras instituições de saúde.
Custo-efetividade da empagliflozina em pacientes com diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 com alto risco cardiovascular na perspectiva da saúde suplementar
Authors: Santoni Natália , Ribeiro Rodrigo , Travassos Ana Cláudia , Veiga Daniela , Melo Thais
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: Avaliar a custo-efetividade da empagliflozina adicionada ao cuidado usual para tratamento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) no cenário da saúde suplementar brasileira. Métodos: Foi utilizada simulação de eventos discretos, com dados de efetividade baseados no estudo EMPA-REG OUTCOME. Foram incluídos pacientes com DM2 e alto risco cardiovascular (histórico de cardiopatia isquêmica, acidente vascular cerebral ou doença vascular periférica). O horizonte temporal foi o tempo de vida; a taxa de desconto foi de 5% ao ano. Os dados de utilidade foram predominantemente de estudos brasileiros. Para estimar os custos de eventos/condições com diferença estatisticamente significativa no EMPA-REG OUTCOME (insuficiência cardíaca, diálise, morte cardiovascular), foi feita uma revisão sistemática, que identificou estudos com dados da saúde suplementar. O limiar de disposição a pagar utilizado foi 1 produto interno bruto (PIB) per capita (2017: R$ 31.587). Foram conduzidas análises de sensibilidade determinísticas e probabilísticas. Resultados: No caso-base, a empagliflozina gerou ganho de 0,66 ano de vida ajustado para qualidade (QALY) na comparação com o cuidado usual, com acréscimo de R$ 12.630 e relação de custo-efetividade incremental (RCEI) de R$ 18.895/QALY. Na análise determinística, nenhuma variação de parâmetro resultou em RCEI acima do limiar. A análise probabilística teve RCEI média de R$ 19.878/QALY (intervalo de credibilidade de 2,5% a 97,5%: R$ 5.237-R$ 36.451). Considerando 1 PIB per capita, 50% das simulações seriam custo-efetivas; para 2 PIB per capita, o percentual ultrapassaria 90%. Conclusão: Considerando o limiar de custo-efetividade adotado, de 1 PIB per capita, a empagliflozina se mostrou custo-efetiva em relação ao cuidado usual na perspectiva da saúde suplementar brasileira.
Modelo de Cox para análise da sobrevida das empresas de plano de saúde no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Silvando , Almeida Renan
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: No Brasil, estudos sobre o tempo de vida das operadoras de planos de saúde são escassos. Assim, o artigo tem o objetivo de investigar fatores econômicos que explicam a sobrevida de empresas de plano de saúde. Métodos: Foi utilizada a técnica estatística denominada análise de sobrevivência, por meio do modelo semiparamétrico de Cox. Os dados foram obtidos no site da ANS (agência reguladora do setor) e referem-se a 929 operadoras de todas as regiões do país, em 2011-2018. As seguintes variáveis foram analisadas: Beneficiário (número médio de beneficiário por operadora), Porte (Porte 1: até 20 mil beneficiários, Porte 2: entre 20 mil e 100 mil beneficiários, Porte 3: acima de 100 mil beneficiários), Tempo no Mercado (quantidade de trimestres que a operadora permaneceu no mercado), Receita/Despesa (Muito baixa, Baixa, Alta e Muito alta), Lucro (Operadoras que lucraram e Operadoras que não lucraram), Tipo de Gestão (Gestão sem fins lucrativos e Gestão empresarial) e por último tem-se a variável (dependente) Falência, que indica se a operadora solicitou o encerramento das suas atividades. Resultados: Observou-se uma taxa de mortalidade para operadoras de pequeno porte maior comparativamente às demais, com probabilidade de não sobrevivência no mercado duas vezes menor em relação às empresas de médio porte e três vezes menor se comparada às de grande porte. Conclusões: Empresas de pequeno porte encontram-se em grande desvantagem no panorama brasileiro de operadoras de planos de saúde, qualquer que seja seu tempo de vida no mercado.
Estudos de Microcusteio aplicados a avaliações econômicas em saúde: uma proposta metodológica para o Brasil
Authors: Etges Ana Paula , Schlatter Rosane , Neyeloff Jeruza , Araújo Denizar , Bahia Luciana , Cruz Luciane , Godoy Márcia , Bittencourt Otávio , Rosa Prisciane , Polanczyk Carisi
Published: July 2019

Objetivo: No cenário da avaliação de tecnologias em saúde (ATS), as estimativas de custos são um fator crítico no desenvolvimento das avaliações econômicas completas, especialmente pelo uso de diferentes metodologias de custeio. A fim de contribuir com a acurácia dos dados de custos usados nessas análises, este artigo sugere recomendações para apuração de custos em saúde no Brasil. Métodos: Reuniram-se pesquisadores de ATS de diferentes expertises e centros de pesquisa do Brasil, e ao longo de dois anos foram conduzidas revisões da literatura nacional e internacional e discussões sobre as formas de abordar a temática. Três simpósios foram realizados reunindo os pesquisadores com o propósito de alcançar o consenso entre os autores sobre as melhores recomendações para a realização de estudos de Microcusteio. Resultados: Consolidou-se em forma de uma recomendação este artigo que representa uma versão compacta da diretriz completa a ser publicada pela Rede Brasileira de Avaliação de Tecnologias em Saúde. A metodologia de Microcusteio é considerada como padrão-ouro para a identificação dos custos em saúde. Os métodos de definição do estudo, coleta e análise de dados apresentados são descritos de modo a permitir uma valoração dos custos validada e homogênea, principalmente para o uso dessa informação em avaliações econômicas de saúde. Conclusão: Essa recomendação tem o propósito de aumentar a acurácia das estimativas dos custos de saúde no nosso meio e homogeneizar a comunicação entre estudos conduzidos por diferentes grupos de pesquisa. Por fim, é esperado que a utilização dessas recomendações contribua para que as decisões baseadas em dados econômicos sejam mais acuradas e equânimes quando da incorporação de tecnologias no país.
Radioterapia intraoperatória com elétrons no tratamento do câncer de mama inicial – revisão bibliográfica e análise econômic
Authors: Santos Marcos
Published: July 2019

Objetivos: Comparar os resultados de controle local e sobrevida global e fazer uma análise econômica comparativa da radioterapia intraoperatória com elétrons (IOeRT) para o tratamento da neoplasia de mama inicial, em comparação à radioterapia conformacional de toda a mama (RT 3D). Métodos: Foi feita revisão sistemática da literatura e, posteriormente, considerando-se os resultados comparáveis de eficácia, análise de minimização de custos, comparando as técnicas mencionadas anteriormente. Resultados: Foi incluído um estudo randomizado. Observou-se pequeno aumento do número de falhas locais em cinco anos (4,4 vs. 0,4%), sem alteração, porém, na sobrevida global. Quando se restringiu o estudo às mulheres com tumores de até 2,0 cm de diâmetro, grau I ou II, com axila negativa ou com até três linfonodos comprometidos e com tumores não classificados como triplos-negativos, chegou-se a um nível comparável de controle local (1,5% de recidivas em cinco anos), sem diferenças significativas no tocante aos efeitos secundários ao tratamento. Em análise econômica posterior, optou-se, então, pelo estudo de minimização de custos, sob a perspectiva das operadoras de saúde do sistema de saúde privado brasileiro, tendo como base os custos dos procedimentos descritos na Classificação Brasileira Hierarquizada de Procedimentos Médicos (CBHPM), 5ª edição. Nesta análise, observou-se que a aplicação da IOeRT implica uma economia de recursos da ordem de 51,5% por tratamento. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a IOeRT é opção que leva à economia de recursos quando utilizada no tratamento de mulheres com câncer de mama inicial, sob a perspectiva das operadoras de saúde do Brasil, quando observados os critérios de inclusão descritos previamente.
Efficacy of Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy Monitored by Pulse-Pressure Variation During Parathyroidectomy in Patients With End-Stage Renal Failure
Authors: Song Jie , Liu Xiaofen , Jiang Weiwei , Wang Jiayou , Li Yun , Chen Hong , Zhang Ye
Published: July 2019

There are no well-recognized guidelines for intraoperative fluid management in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRF). Goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) is a new concept of perioperative fluid management that has improved patients’ prognoses. Dynamic indicators may better predict fluid response than static indicators. In this study, we assessed a GDFT protocol with monitoring of pulse-pressure variation (PPV) in patients with ESRF undergoing parathyroidectomy. The study included 102 patients who underwent elective parathyroidectomy. They were randomized to a control group (Group C, n = 51) that was managed with a restricted fluid regimen or a PPV group (Group P, n = 51) that was given a normal saline infusion and was monitored for change in PPV during the intraoperative period. If PPV reached >13%, 250 mL colloid was administered in 15 min. Ephedrine was infused to keep mean arterial pressure >65 mm Hg if needed. Hemodynamic variables in the perioperative period were recorded. The volume of saline infused during the intraoperative period was 364 (219–408) mL in Group P and 27 (50–50) mL in Group C (P = .001). Ephedrine was given to 16/51 (29.4%) of Group P patients and 27/51 (52.9%) of Group C patients (P = .027). From 30–60 min to 120 min of operation or until the end of operation, systolic blood pressure was significantly lower, heart rate was significantly higher, and PPV was significantly higher in Group C patients compared to Group P patients (P < .05). Use of goal-directed fluid therapy with the dynamic PPV indicator in patients with ESRF undergoing parathyroidectomy guided the administration of infused fluids, with reduced incidence of hypotension.
A case-control study of musculoskeletal impairment: association with socio-economic status, time use and quality of life in post-conflict Myanmar
Authors: Mactaggart Islay , Maung Nay Soe , Khaing Cho Thet , Kuper Hannah , Blanchet Karl
Published: July 2019

Background:
Musculoskeletal impairments (MSI) are a major global contributor to disability. Evidence suggests entrenched cyclical links between disability and poverty, although few data are available on the link of poverty with MSI specifically. More data are needed on the association of MSI with functioning, socio-economic status and quality of life, particularly in resource poor settings where MSI is common.
Methods:
We undertook a case-control study of the association between MSI and poverty, time use and quality of life in post-conflict Myanmar. Cases were recruited from two physical rehabilitation service-centres, prior to the receipt of any services. One age- sex matched control was recruited per case, from their home community. Cases and controls underwent in-depth structured interviews and functional performance tests at multiple time points over a twelve-month period. We aimed to identify 100 cases and 100 controls.
Results:
This manuscript reports the baseline characteristics of cases and controls. 89% of cases were male, 93% were lower limb amputees, and the vast majority had acquired MSI in adulthood. 69% were not working compared with 6% of controls Odds Ration 27.4, 95% Confidence Interval 10.6 – 70.7). Overall income, expenditure and assets were similar between cases and controls, with three-quarters of both living below the international LMIC poverty line. However, cases’ expenditure on health was significantly higher than controls’ and associated with catastrophic health expenditure and an income gap for one fifth and two thirds of cases respectively. Quality of life scores were lower for cases than controls overall and in each sub-category of quality of life, and cases were far less likely to have participated in productive work the previous day than controls.
Conclusion:
Adults with MSI in Myanmar who are not in receipt of rehabilitative services may be at risk of increased poverty and lower quality of life in relation to increased health needs and limited opportunities to participate in productive work. This study highlights the need for more comprehensive and appropriate support to persons with physical impairments in Myanmar.

Key words: musculoskeletal impairment, physical rehabilitation, quality of life, Myanmar