bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF SCAFFOLDING AND PORTFOLIO ASSESSMENT ON JORDANIAN EFL LEARNERS’ WRITING
Authors: Bataineh Ruba Fahmi , Obeiah Salameh Fleih
Published: July 2016

This study examines the potential effect of scaffolding-based instruction and portfolio-based assessment on Jordanian EFL tenth grade students’ overall writing performance and their performance on the sub-skills of focus, development, organization, conventions and word choice. The study uses a quasi-experimental experimental/control group, pre-/posttest design. In the experimental group, 15 female tenth grade students from the North-Eastern Badia Directorate of Education (Jordan) were taught to generate ideas, structure, draft, and edit their written pieces using agency scaffolding, the scaffolding principles of contextual support, continuity, intersubjectivity, flow, contingency and handover, and a slightly adapted version of Hamp-Lyons and Condon’s (2000) Portfolio Model of collection, selection and reflection. A control group of 28 students were instructed conventionally per the guidelines of the teacher’s book. Using descriptive statistics and ANCOVA to analyze the students’ scores on the pre- and the posttests, the results showed that the group taught through scaffolding-based instruction and portfolio-based assessment outperformed the control group (at a≤ 0.05) in their overall writing performance and in their performance on the five writing sub-skills.
LANGUAGE POWER IN COURTROOM: THE USE OF PERSUASIVE FEATURES IN OPENING STATEMENT
Authors: Supardi Supardi
Published: July 2016

Language is a powerful tool for communication that many people can use for persuasion. In the courtroom, for example, lawyers use language to persuade the jury that their client is right and should win the case. Though many studies have discussed this issue, how language becomes powerful in the trial opening statement remains underresearched. For this reason, this study addresses a textual analysis on the patterns of language used by a lawyer in the opening statement. Such analysis provides a solid understanding of how language can become persuasive in the courtroom. The data source of this study were taken from the text of the Opening Statement by O.J. Simpson’s Defense Lawyer (Walraven, 1995). Although this text does not seem new regarding the publication date and some articles have discussed this, it is a seminal work, which can represent the construction of language power in the opening statment. To analyse the data collected from this text, the researcher adopted the model developed by Miles and Huberman (1994). This study firstly explores the overview of opening stetement persuasive features. In addition, it presents the finding and discussion which reveal that language power in the courtroom can be reflected in some persuasive features such as metaphor, repetition, and rhetorical question as found in the text of Opening Statements by O.J. Simpson’s Defense Lawyer.
136 COMPOSITIONALITY/NON-COMPOSITIONALITY OF IDIOMS: NON-NATIVE SPEAKERS’ CONSTRAINTS TO COMPREHENSION
Authors: Velasco Yvonne Pedria
Published: July 2016

Informed by Jackendoff’s (1997) Representational Modularity (RM) Hypothesis which states that, similar to how people make sense of categories, they also systematically make sense of language. This study seeks to discover the way non-native speakers of English negotiate meaning when faced with idiomatic expressions that are modified either by a process of passivization or by a process of quantification; and whether idiom comprehension influence judgments of appropriateness of use of the modified expressions. Employing a researcher-made questionnaire that underwent content validity and reliability tests, the instrument was administered to four college freshman classes from four different higher education institutions. Findings reveal that a significant difference was found between group performance in the passivization and quantification tests through a one-sample test. However, an absence of a statistical relationship between the scores in the test and the participants’ judgment of appropriateness of use (spoken, written, spoken and written) was revealed by the statistical analysis.
NAVIGATING BETWEEN ETHNIC AND RELIGIOUS IDENTITY: HERITAGE LANGUAGE MAINTENANCE AMONG YOUNG AUSTRALIANS OF INDONESIAN ORIGIN
Authors: Muslim Ahmad Bukhori , Brown Jillian R.
Published: July 2016

For ethnic minority groups, speaking a heritage language signifies belonging to their country of origin and enriches the dominant culture. The acculturation of major ethnic groups in Australia – Greek, Italian, Chinese, Indian and Vietnamese – has been frequently studied, but a minor one like Indonesian has not. Through semi-structured interviews at various places and observations at cultural events, the study explores the contextual use, meaning and perceived benefits of Bahasa Indonesia (Indonesian language) among Indonesian families and how this practice influences the young participants’ (18-26 years old) identification with Indonesia, the origin country of their parents, and Australia, their current culture of settlement. The findings suggest that Bahasa Indonesia serves as a marker of ethnic and religious identity glued in family socialization. Parents believe that not only does the language signify their Indonesian ethnic identity, but also provides a means for socializing family values, and is beneficial for educational purposes and future career opportunities. However, parents face a dilemma whether to focus on ethnic or religious identity in socializing the use of Bahasa Indonesia. Interestingly, most young participants demonstrate a more global worldview by embracing both Indonesian and Australian values. How religious identity relates to more global worldview should be addressed more comprehensively in future studies.
Endodontic Treatment of Primary Molars with Antibiotic Paste: A Report of 38 Cases
Authors: de Deus Moura Lúcia de Fátima Almeida , de Lima Marina de Deus Moura , Lima Cacilda Castelo Branco , Machado Jessa Iashmin Alcobaça Gomes , de Moura Marcoeli Silva , de Carvalho Paulo Vasconcelos
Published: July 2016

Objective: This study presents 38 cases of primary molars with necrotic pulps treated with antibiotics-based paste. Case report: The technique consisted of necrotic tissue removal of the pulp chamber, using spoons excavators and low speed drills. Pulp cavity was washed with saline solution and dried with sterile cotton balls. Then an antibiotic paste composed of chloramphenicol, tetracycline, zinc oxide and eugenol – CTZ paste – was inserted at the entrance of root canals. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at different times. The criteria that defined clinical success were the lack of periapical abscess and mobility compatible with chronological age. Radiographic assessments consisted in absence of radiolucency in the region of root bifurcation and pathological bone resorption. Conclusion: There were 100% and 93% of clinical and radiographic success, respectively. The results suggest that the CTZ paste is an optional therapy for pulp of primary molars.
Intraligamentary and Supraperiosteal Anesthesia Efficacy Using a Computer Controlled Delivery System in Mandibular Molars
Authors: Elbay Ülkü Şermet , Elbay Mesut , Kaya Emine , Cilasun Ülkem
Published: July 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare pain, efficacy and postoperative complications of anesthesia in first primary mandibular molars anesthetized with either intraligamentary (IL) or supraperiosteal (SP) anesthesia using a computer-controlled delivery system (CCDS). Study design: This randomized, controlled-crossover, blind clinical trial was conducted with 90 children requiring bilateral extraction, pulpotomy or restorative treatment of first mandibular primary molars. A CCDS was used to deliver IL anesthesia to 1 deciduous tooth and SP anesthesia to the contralateral tooth in each patient. Severity of pain and efficacy of anesthesia during the treatments were evaluated using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (PRS) and comfort and side effects were assessed using post-injection and post-treatment questionnaires. Data were analyzed using χ2 and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: According to PRS scores, pain levels during extraction were significantly higher with IL when compared to SP. Patients reported significantly less pain during needle insertion with SP when compared to IL; however, rates of postoperative complications were significantly higher with SP when compared to IL. Conclusions: CCDS-administered IL anesthesia and SP anesthesia were similarly effective when used during restorative treatment and pulpotomy of primary mandibular molars; however, SP was more effective than IL when used during extraction procedures.
Radiographic Assessment of Dental Maturation in Children With Dental Agenesis
Authors: Medina Aida Carolina , Pozo Rodrigo Del , de Cedres Lucila Blanco
Published: July 2016

Background: Dental agenesis is the most common developmental anomaly in humans, frequently associated with disorders in dental development and maturation. Aim: The purpose of this study is to determine radiographic variations in dental maturation in a group of Venezuelan children with dental agenesis. Study design: 1,188 panoramic radiographs, from healthy patients ages 5 to 12 years old were studied for agenesis of permanent teeth. Dental maturation was assessed by relative eruption and dental age according to Nolla, comparing children affected with dental agenesis to a stratified control group selected from the same population, excluding children with premature loss of primary teeth in the left quadrants and unclear radiographs. Descriptive analysis, and differences between means and medians (Student t test, Kruskall-Wallis p=0.05) were performed. Results: Medians for Nolla stages were similar between groups, with delay in tooth formation in the agenesis group for second molars (p<0.05) and maxillary lateral incisors and second premolars. Dental age was significantly underestimated for both groups, −0.89 (±0.78) for the control group and −1.20 (±0.95) for the study group. Tooth eruption was similar between groups. Conclusion: Dental age was significantly delayed in Venezuelan children with dental agenesis, with variable significance for tooth formation of studied teeth.
Line of Sight in Hominoids
Authors: Stock Michala K , Reynolds David G , Masters Ari J , Bromage Timothy G , Enlow Donald H
Published: July 2016

Objectives: It remains unclear how the realignments of the face and basicranium that characterize humans were acquired, both phylogenetically and ontogenetically. The developmentally constrained nature of the skull has been previously demonstrated in other primates using Donald H. Enlow's mammalian craniofacial architectural relationships. Here, we compare crania of our closest relatives to gain greater understanding of how and why the relationship of the face and cranial base is developmentally constrained in order to inform instances of abnormal growth and clinical intervention. Study design: A method for evaluating these fundamental architectural relationships using 3D landmark data was developed, thereby taking overall size and the geometric relationships among points into account. A sample of cone-beam computed tomography scans derived from humans and extant apes were analyzed (n=10 and n=6, respectively), as well as fossil hominid crania (n=7). Landmarks for 23 craniofacial architectural points were identified and recorded. Results and Conclusions: Principal components analyses reveal that despite the similarities in craniofacial architecture between humans, extant apes and fossil hominids, appreciable trends in variation between the extant species suggest that the repositioning of the foramen magnum was only one of a constellation of traits that realigned the basicranium and face during the transition to bipedalism.
Do We Really Know the Prevalence of MIH?
Authors: Hernandez M , Boj JR , Espasa E
Published: July 2016

Aim: To analyze the existing variability on molar incisor hypomineralization prevalence in the literature; to distinguish the various molar incisor hypomineralization prevalence rates in different countries, areas, and regions of the world; and to know the valid diagnostic criteria used for the correct identification of molar incisor hypomineralization prevalence. Study design: A literature review from Medline® and Cochrane Library® online databases was performed using five terms individually or in combination. Articles not reporting diagnostic criteria employed and articles not written English were excluded. The results were analyzed by country, region, year of study, sample size, range of age, and prevalence rate. Results: A total of 37 articles in English were selected from 1987 to 2014 and from those only 14 employed the EAPD's 2003 diagnostic criteria. The reported age range varied from 5.5 to 17 years; the most frequently range used was 7 to 9 years. A wide prevalence range from 2.8% to 44% was found and 82.61% of the articles reported calibrated examiners. Conclusions: Comparison among the results of the studies is difficult due to the use of different indexes and diagnostic criteria, the analysis variability, selection methods, and different age groups. In reality, we are probably far from knowing the real MIH prevalence.
An Alternative Method to Treat Ankyloglossia
Authors: Nicoloso Gabriel Ferreira , dos Santos Iuri Silveira , Flores Jorge Abel , da Silveira Bruno Lopes , Oliveira Marta Dutra Machado
Published: July 2016

Ankyloglossia entails short lingual frenum, impairing satisfactory tongue movement and leading to problems related to deglutition, feeding and diction. This clinical report uses laser technology, rather than traditional surgical procedure with scalpel, to perform a lingual frenulotomy on a 9-year old child diagnosed with ankyloglossia, aiming to investigate more conservative and less traumatic dental procedures. Due to the many advantages of the laser device, such as bloodless surgical field, absence of sutures, minimal swelling and post-surgical pain, the high intensity diode laser is a viable alternative technique in soft tissue surgeries.
Management of Multiple Mandibular Fractures in a Child with Osteogenesis Imperfecta Using Arch Bar Retained Thermoformed Splints: A Novel Technique
Authors: Nilesh Kumar , Sawant Ashwini , Taur Swapnil , Parkar M I
Published: July 2016

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of autosomal dominant and recessive inherited disorders of type I collagen metabolism. Clinical features of OI include multiple bone fractures, muscle weakness, joint laxity, skeletal deformities, blue sclerae, hearing loss, and dentinogenesis imperfecta. This report presents a challenging case of multiple mandibular fractures in a five years old child with OI, which was successfully treated with a new, minimally invasive technique of closed reduction with arch bar retained thermoformed splint.
El personaje en el teatro de tema histórico de Juan de la Cueva
Authors: Matas Caballero Juan
Published: July 2016

En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado el tratamiento que Juan de la Cueva hizo de los personajes en su teatro de tema histórico, fijándonos, ente otros aspectos, en su psicología, significado y valor simbólico, verosi- militud, anacronismo, evolución. No se ha pretendido un detallado estudio de cada uno de los personajes que aparecen en sus comedias inspiradas en las leyendas romanceriles o en la historia reciente, sino que nuestro objetivo ha sido el de trazar unas líneas genéricas que nos permitan perfilar los rasgos distintivos que caracterizan las principales figuras de dichas piezas dramáticas (el rey don Sancho, Vellido Dolfos, el Cid, Bernardo del Carpio, el rey don Alonso, Almanzor, Mudarra, etc.).
Miradas cruzadas
Authors: Merino Leonor
Published: July 2016

En las literaturas francófonas (la del Magreb, Africa y la de las islas del Caribe y Guayanas que hoy tratarnos), la lengua va a constituir, junto con la colonización, la mayor obsesión temática de estas literaturas. ¿Y por qué la lengua? Porque es la que preside el mismo destino de estas literaturas francófonas que han nacido dentro de una grave y específica conyuntura. en el curso de la Historia: violación de la memoria de un pueblo al que hicieron abortar una adolescencia dolorosa. Pero de estos escritores francófonos fluyen páginas que tienen sabor a infancia, sabor a ese primer nacimiento de una algarabía sonora, páginas que sirven, también, de vehículo en el conocimiento de esas sociedades aborígenes.

In French Literatures (those of the Maghreb, Africa and those of the -Caribbean and Guayana's islands that we study today), the language goes to constitute, joinecl to the colonization, the main thematic obsession of these literatures. And why the language? Because it is the one which presides over the same fate of these French Literatures which were born inside of a critical specific juncture, in the course of History: violation of the People's memory forcing it to abort a painful adolescence. But from these French writers flow pages which have a childhood flavour, a flavour to this first birth of a sonorous gabble, pages that serve, too, like a way in the knodwledge of these indigenous societies.
Edith Nourse Rogers: el interés histórico de una congresista en los veteranos y en el cuerpo femenino en el ejército
Authors: García Conesa Isabel María , Juan Rubio Antonio Daniel
Published: July 2016

La propuesta que pretender introducir este artículo consiste en analizar y
estudiar en profundidad la labor política y personal de la congresista republicana estadounidense
Edith Nourse Rogers, por el estado de Massachusetts. Esta congresista fue hasta el
año 2011 la representante con la carrera política más extensa en la historia del Congreso, lo
cual valida la originalidad del presente estudio.
Edith Nourse Rogers fue una mujer con un impacto signifi cativo en la historia política
estadounidense, cambiando para siempre tanto la vida de muchas mujeres estadounidenses
como la de los veteranos de guerra. Para las primeras, por medio de la creación de un cuerpo
específi co femenino en el ejército (WAAC – WAC), mientras que para los segundos defendía
la creación de hospitales por todo el país así como la implantación de diversos benefi cios y
compensaciones económicas y sociales.
Pero incomprensiblemente, la fi gura de esta congresista ha sido bastante poco estudiada
y no se le ha reconocido su valía y relevancia para el país. De ahí que esta investigación
sea pionera a la par que especialmente apreciable y signifi cativa desde un punto de vista
histórico y político
El marisqueo en el noroeste de la Península Ibérica durante la Edad del Hierro y la Época Romana
Authors: Bejega García Víctor
Published: July 2016

La realización de este proyecto de Tesis Doctoral, supuso la recopilación
y desarrollo de los principales aspectos metodológicos en el desarrollo de la Arqueomalacología,
con la incorporación de algunas novedades metodológicas derivadas
de la problemática del ámbito de estudio. Asimismo, este trabajo recoge
una amplia revisión historiográfi ca, que aborda la evolución metodológica e inN
º 14, 2015, pp. 197-201 201
Informaciones
terpretativa de la Arqueomalacología del noroeste peninsular, desde fi nales del
siglo XIX hasta la actualidad
An approach to dark circles under the eyes
Authors: Aghaei Shahin
Published: July 2016

Editorial: An approach to dark circles under the eyes
Domestic Violence against Women in Bangladesh: A comparative Study on the perception of Educated and Non-educated Class
Authors: Islam Md. Shahidul , Hasam Md Abul
Published: July 2016

This paper tries to analyze perception of educated and non-educated class about domestic violence against women .To know the objectives, descriptive research design has been followed. Quantitative and qualitative method has been used. For quantitative method, survey method has been used and for qualitative method, case study method has been used. Here, the Likert scaling (1-to-5 rating scale) has been applied for some variables. On the contrary, for qualitative analysis, some case study is conducted through interview guides. Sample size is found out by applying systematic random sampling using specific formula because several areas are used as the research area. Data has been analyzed by using SPSS, Univariate and bivariate has been done. For hypotheses testing, F- test used to test the degree to which two or more groups vary or differ in an experiment.

Most of the respondents (50.4%) think that violence means physical and mental torture but only 8% thinks it means physical, mental and verbal abuse. Again, 14.4% respondents view in that violence means doing anything against one will. 95.2% respondents say that there in difference in the forms of violence between and in laws house when only 4.8% find no difference. Only 27% educated and 9.8% non-educated respondents opined that dowry is the main reason of domestic violence, 2.7% educated and 5.9% non-educated told that women are the enemies of women, 18.9% educated and 11.8% non-educated told that only because of poverty domestic violence takes place. 21.6% educated and 25.5% non-educated respondents think that for women’s suppression tradition and custom is responsible.

This study may help to government to take appropriate policy to stop the domestic violence against women.
Impact of Violation of Net Neutrality on Indian Society
Authors: Mukherjee Dr Debarshi , Dhir Dr Sonia
Published: July 2016

The principle of net neutrality has gained much attention since 2006 and again in 2015 in India when Telecom Regulatory Authority of India released its consultation paper in which it invited public opinions with regard to the regulation of free availability and access of content (text, voice and media) on internet by various service providers. The topic gained much attention when the established telecom corporations started suggesting that they should be paid by the internet content providers like Facebook, You tube, Google etc, for providing them the network for reaching the masses. Telecom companies argue that the internet content providers have been making high profits from low investments while they are the ones to have made high investments in building the infrastructure for these service providers to operate, due to which the internet service providers should share their revenues with the telecom companies. The violation of net neutrality will take place if any kind of discrimination takes place in terms of providing any type of data to the consumers. This means their very right to free access to information from internet will be violated. Violation of net neutrality has generated much uproar around the world since telecom corporations like Airtel demanded that telecom companies like Airtel should be paid by the content providers like Google, Facebook, Amazon etc for letting them display their content on internet to the mass consumers and generating huge profits. This violation means that differential pricing is likely to be practiced by the telecom firms in terms of charging both the internet service providers and consumers. Currently there are no laws in India which govern net neutrality which means the content available on internet can be accessed by anybody without any kind of discrimination. This study seeks to fulfill the knowledge gap by empirically analyzing the various cross sections of the society which are bound to get affected by the violation of net neutrality.
PIONEIROS DO MARXISMO E DA ESCOLA NOVA NO BRASIL: o lugar da escola no processo histórico
Authors: Favoreto Aparecida
Published: July 2016

O artigo analisa a proposta educacional dos pioneiros da Escola Nova e a dos pioneiros do pensamentomarxista no Brasil. Os escolanovistas partiam do pressuposto de que a educação era um elemento ativo no processode transformação social, sendo assim, elaboraram um projeto amplo de reforma na política educacional, na estruturado ensino e na pedagogia. Para os pioneiros marxistas, o elemento ativo estaria no desenvolvimento históricoe na mobilização de classe e não na escola. Assim, priorizou a formação do militante revolucionário. Em termosescolares, seguiram juntos com os escolanovistas, acreditando ser a escola burguesa uma etapa necessária. Umapostura que encontra respaldo na concepção etapista da história que fundamentava a luta marxista do período.Palavras-chave: Pecebistas. Escolanovistas. Escola e transformação social. MARXIST AND NEW SCHOOL INTRODUCERS IN BRAZIL: the school place inthe historical processAbstract: The article analyzes the educational proposal of the pioneers of the New School and the pioneers ofMarxist thought in Brazil. The New School researchers have assumed that education was an active element in theprocess of social transformation. Therefore, they developed a great reform project in education policy, educationstructure as well as in its pedagogy. For the Marxist pioneers, the active element would be placed in the historicaldevelopment and the mobilization of class, but not in the school. Like this, it prioritized the training of the revolutionarymilitant. In school terms, both of them followed along with the New School introducers, since they believed thatthe bourgeois school was a necessary step. It is an attitude supported by the step by step conception of history thatthe Marxist struggle was based during that period.Keywords: New School and Marxist Introducers. School and social transformation. PIONEROS DEL MARXISMO Y DE LA ESCOLA NOVA EN EL BRASIL: el lugar dela escuela en el proceso históricoResumen: El artículo analiza a la propuesta educacional de los pioneros de la Escola Nova a la de los pionerosdel pensamiento marxista en el Brasil. Los escolanovistas partian del presupuesto de que la educación era un elementoactivo en el proceso de transformación social, frente a eso, desarollaran un proyecto amplio de reforma enla política educacional, en la estructura de la enseñanza y en la pedagogia. Para los pioneros marxistas, el elemntoactivo estaria en el desarollo histórico y en la mobilización de la clase y no en la escuela. De esa manera, priorizó laformación del militante revolucionário. En termos escolares, siguieron juntos com los escolanovistas, creendo que laescuela burguesa era una etapa necesária. Una postura que encontra apoyo en la concepción etapista de la historiaque fundamentaba la lucha marxista del periodo.Palabras clave: Pecebistas. Escolanovistas. Escuela y Transformación social.
Międzynarodowa koordynacja polityk gospodarczych w warunkach kryzysu finansowego i nierównowag globalnych
Authors: Bogołębska Joanna
Published: July 2016

Wzrost  zainteresowania  koordynacją  polityk  gospodarczych,  obserwowany w ostatnich latach, jest konsekwencją niestabilności gospodarki światowej wynikającej z globalnego kryzysu finansowego oraz napięć związanych z nierównowagami globalnymi. Ze względu na negatywne efekty zewnętrzne (spillover), jakie polityka monetarna realizowana na poziomie krajowym generuje w warunkach zglobalizowanej i zintegrowanej gospodarki światowej, szczególnie w okresach dekoniunktury gospodarczej oraz trudności w jednostronnym wdrażaniu polityk dostosowawczych wobec problemu nierównowag globalnych, coraz częściej postulowana jest potrzeba skoordynowanych działań w zakresie polityki gospodarczej, mimo niepewności związanej z ich skutkami oraz trudności z ich uruchomieniem. Znaczenie takich działań w okresie dobrej koniunktury gospodarczej i stabilności finansowej spada, co podkreślają zarówno badania teoretyczne, jak i empiryczne.
Nowa forma rozliczeń międzynarodowych – bankowe zobowiązanie płatnicze
Authors: Marciniak-Neider Danuta
Published: July 2016

Najczęściej wykorzystywaną formą płatności w handlu zagranicznym jest płatność w rachunku otwartym, a istotny udział w rozliczaniu handlu międzynarodowego ma też akredytywa dokumentowa. Pierwsza z nich, choć jest nieskomplikowana w obsłudze, wiąże się z ryzykiem braku lub opóźniania zapłaty, druga, choć ryzyko to ogranicza, postrzegana jest jako skomplikowana i kosztowna, co związane jest m.in. z koniecznością prezentowania przez eksportera w banku dokumentów handlowych w formie papierowej, będących podstawą zapłaty. W artykule przedstawiono nową formę rozliczeń, która – zgodnie z ideą jej inicjatorów – ma łączyć i zawierać w sobie zalety obu tych form, a jednocześnie prowadzić do digitalizacji dokumentów handlowych w obrocie międzynarodowym. Jest nią bankowe zobowiązanie płatnicze – BPO, Bank Payment Obligation, będące nieodwołalnym zobowiązaniem banku importera wobec banku eksportera do zapłaty, po elektronicznej prezentacji odpowiednich danych, sprawdzanych automatycznie. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie istoty BPO, przesłanek jego wprowadzenia oraz przebiegu płatności, a także krótkiej charakterystyki regulacji opublikowanych w 2013 r. przez Międzynarodową Izbę Handlową (ICC – International Chamber of Commerce), dotyczących tej formy płatności, Jednolitych reguł dla bankowych zobowiązań płatniczych – Uniform Rules for Bank Payment Obligations – URBPO. Celem jest też transfer wiedzy na temat nowych rozwiązań w zakresie rozliczeń, przyjętych przez znaczącą dla ujednolicania praktyki obrotu gospodarczego organizację – Międzynarodową Izbę Handlową – do polskiej literatury i praktyki, gdyż nie ma opracowań na ten temat, a do polskiej praktyki bankowej nie zostały jeszcze wdrożone. Jako metodę badawczą zastosowano jakościową analizę uwarunkowań i regulacji w odniesieniu do dematerializacji dokumentów związanych z wykorzystaniem nowej w handlu zagranicznym formy płatności. Jako tezę pracy przyjęto, że w akredytywie dokumentowej przesyłanie dokumentów handlowych w formie elektronicznej występuje na niewielką skalę, a zaproponowanie przez ICC we współpracy z SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) nowej formy płatności będzie umożliwiać i sprzyjać ich dematerializacji w relacjach międzybankowych.
Low Social Position, Periodontal Disease, and Poor Oral Health‐Related Quality of Life in Adults With Systemic Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Rebelo Maria A.B. , de Castro Pedro H.D. , Rebelo Vieira Janete M. , Robinson Peter G. , Vettore Mario V.
Published: July 2016

Background: There is little evidence on the association between periodontal disease and oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) in individuals with chronic diseases, including hypertension. The aim of this study is to identify relationships among sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, tooth loss, dental caries, periodontal status, and OHRQoL in adults with systemic arterial hypertension.

Methods: A cross‐sectional study involving 195 adults (mean age: 55.7 years) with systemic arterial hypertension used interviews and oral examinations to collect data on sociodemographic characteristics (age, sex, income); use of antihypertensive medication; smoking; tooth loss; dental caries; periodontal status (bleeding on probing, calculus, and attachment loss); and OHRQoL/oral health impact profile. The Wilson and Cleary (Wilson IB, Cleary PD. JAMA 1995;273:59‐65) conceptual model was used to test direct and indirect relationships among variables using structural equation modeling.

Results: Lower age, male sex, smoking, and lower income directly predicted worse periodontal status. Tooth loss, dental caries, worse periodontal status, and smoking were directly linked to poor OHRQoL. Age was indirectly linked to worse periodontal status via income. Income and smoking indirectly predicted poor OHRQoL via periodontal status.

Conclusions: Findings support an effect of periodontal disease on OHRQoL in people with systemic arterial hypertension. Periodontal status mediated associations of sociodemographic characteristics and smoking with OHRQoL through different pathways.
Efficacy of Local Antimicrobials in the Non‐Surgical Treatment of Patients With Periodontitis and Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rovai Emanuel S. , Souto Maria Luisa S. , Ganhito Juliana A. , Holzhausen Marinella , Chambrone Leandro , Pannuti Claudio M.
Published: July 2016

Background: Patients with diabetes present a worse response to periodontal treatment. Local antimicrobials as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) provide additional benefits in the treatment of periodontitis in healthy patients. This review aims to evaluate the effects of local antimicrobials as an adjunct to SRP, compared with SRP alone, on periodontal clinical parameters of patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods: Only randomized controlled trials with: 1) at least 6 months of follow‐up; 2) SRP, in combination with local antimicrobials; and 3) patients with periodontitis and DM were considered eligible. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and LILACS databases were searched for articles published up to January 2016. Random‐effects meta‐analyses were conducted for clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, and gingival index change after treatment.

Results: Of 153 papers potentially relevant to this review, six were included. The majority of trials showed a significant PD reduction and CAL gain associated with use of local antimicrobials in patients with type 1 and type 2 DM. Only studies that included well‐controlled patients and applied antimicrobials at the deepest sites or sites with baseline PD ≥5 mm presented significant PD reduction and CAL gain.

Conclusion: In patients with DM and CP, use of local antimicrobials as an adjunct to SRP may result in additional benefits compared with SRP alone in PD reduction and CAL gain, especially in well‐controlled individuals and deep sites.
Fire and Glass by M. Chan
Authors: Marshall Kyle
Published: July 2016

Chan, Marty. Fire and Glass. Richmond Hill, ON: Clockwise Press, 2016. Print.Kristina Mah finds herself in an unenviable situation at the start of grade nine: her father has abruptly abandoned Kristina and her mother, and they are forced to move from the familiarity of the suburbs to a small inner-city apartment. The transition to her new school takes some time - it’s old, rundown and all the students are addicted to their phones - but eventually she finds a new friend in Dylan, her grade’s resident iconoclast who cares little for social norms. Just when her life seems to be acquiring some semblance of normalcy, things take a turn at Mackenzie King School. After confirming with Dylan that the spooky interactive white board images are not merely a figment of her imagination, the pair further explore the school and accidentally free an evil Djinn into the halls. Kristina and Dylan’s ensuing adventures revolve around saving their families and school from this spirit.Fire and Glass is Marty Chan’s 15th book, and follows up his work on the Ehrich Weisz Chronicles series. As a radio presenter, playwright and self-anointed “professional liar”, Chan’s multiple talents have led to a distinguished profile in the Edmonton community. Fire and Glass kicks off a new series, Keepers of the Vault, which Chan is writing specifically with reluctant readers in mind. The action begins quickly, the plot is fast-paced, and the humour hits the mark; all in all, Fire and Glass is well positioned to re-engage junior high students with reading.Chan is adept at bridging the reality-fantasy gap by equipping his characters with modern technologies that help them to solve ancient, fantastical problems. While at times the suspense in Fire and Glass seems slightly contrived, later pages offer enough compelling spookiness and mystery to keep the reader intrigued. With a cliffhanger ending, fans will be eagerly anticipating the next entry in the series. Short paragraphs and chapters make this title an attractive choice for struggling readers, though its reach will extend to fantasy fans.Recommended: 3 Stars out of 3 Reviewer: Kyle MarshallReviewer biography: Kyle Marshall is the Assessment & Research Librarian for Edmonton Public Library. He graduated with his MLIS from the University of Alberta in June 2015, and is passionate about diversity in children's and youth literature.
The Burden of Human Papillomavirus Infections Among Women in Nigeria: A Review Update
Authors: Omoare Adesuyi Ayodeji , Ashaka Oluwaseyi Sedowhe , Nasir Idris Abdullahi , Agbede Olajide Olubunmi
Published: July 2016

Cancer of the cervix is the second largest cause of mortality among women globally with an approximate estimate of over 500,000 new cases annually. Human Papillomavirus (HPV) has been long implicated as a necessary cause of Cervical Cancer (CC) in which 80% of the disease burden occurs in developing countries where organized cytology based programmes have not been feasible. Nigeria has a population of over 47 million women who are at risk of contracting HPV. It is estimated that 14,089 women are diagnosed with Cervical Cancer and 8,240 deaths annually. This review, selected publications on HPV related Cervical Cancer across Nigeria where proper quality controlled molecular methods were used for the diagnosis of HPV. Different genotypes of high risk HPV have been detected with variations across populations. HPV types found associated with women in Nigeria included types; 16,18,31,33,35,52,56 and 68 in disproportionate distribution with cases of multiple infections. Findings from this review revealed that the prevalence of Cervical Cancer is on the increase and factors such as; poverty, ignorance, socio-cultural practices, multiple infections by more than one HPV type, persistent infection, government policy, high cost of vaccines and poor acceptance of vaccines all played important roles in the increased prevalence. There is a need for more population based studies to ascertain specific HPV genotype common to specific population and the need for the development of multivalent therapeutic vaccines over the present prophylactic bivalent or quadrivalent vaccines which does not prevent against all oncogenic HPV genotypes.
Learning from Fables: Moral Values in Three Selected English Stories
Authors: Abrar Mukhlash
Published: July 2016

Fable is not just a fun story, but more than that, it has moral lesson(s) inside of the storyline. This research tries to portray ethic value(s) in three selected English fable stories as well as to let the readers know that they can learn something from the fables. With this study, the researcher also correlated the value(s) to real life and Islamic views. To achieve the research objectives, the researcher employed qualitative research design with descriptive analysis as an attempt to provide an in-depth and comprehensive explanation of the data. The data of this study, gotten from the researcher’s random survey on Primary and Junior High Schools students on January –June 2015, are three selected English fable stories entitled “The Rabbit and the Turtle, The Fox and the Goat, and The Monkey and the Crocodile”. The results indicate that each fable has, at least, a moral lesson in its narrative, among others: Never underestimate the weakest opponent, Never give up is the key of success, Think first before doing an action, Being smart helps better in life, and Trust is the basis of relationship.
The Application of Fishbone Diagram Analisis to Improve School Quality
Authors: Slameto Slameto
Published: July 2016

The research problems are: 1) What steps are to take in a program development aimed at improving the quality of school using a fishbone analysis? 2) Is the program model using fishbone analysis  effective and efficient in meeting the school’s needs to improve its quality? This is research and developmental which comprises 3 phases, namely Preliminary Study, Model Development, and Evaluation/Model Testing. The qualitative data come from the input of management experts and the result of interviews/FGD with stakeholders. The quantitative data are obtained from the assessment of management experts on the product draft, the observation sheets for the field study on the standards of education, and the try out. Data analisis on the validation result uses a descriptive analysis technique. Data from the questionnaire are analyzed by descriptive statistical technique. The results are: 1) the developmental steps in the school quality improvement program by way of fish bone analysis have gone through 6 phases, 2) the research product using fish bone diagram has proved to be simple, applicable, important, controllable, as well as adaptable. Furthermore, it is communicable, so that it has been effective and efficient in meeting the school’s needs for making its educational quality improved.
Teaching Media in the Teaching of Arabic Language to Non-Native Arabic Speakers
Authors: Abdullah Rais
Published: July 2016

Learning media has demonstrated its superiority in helping educators or teachers in the process of conveying the message of learning more quickly and easily caught by the students. The media play a role in enriching the learning experience of students, increase their attention to the lesson, minimize differences in perception between teachers and students as well as to help resolve personal differences between students. The teaching Arabic to non-native speaker would be more interesting and easier to learn, remembered, understood and practiced by the students, if taught through the media. This article aims to explore the benefits, importance and role of instructional media in teaching Arabic to non- native Speaker
Efficiency Improvement and Quality Initiatives Application in Financial Institutions
Authors: Avdullahi MSc. Ajtene , Fejza MSc. Vjosa
Published: July 2016

Financial institutions in today’s economy have no longer the luxury to improve profit simply by increasing revenue. These firms, due to the significant measuring reductions in the financial services industry needed to improve operational efficiencies and merely support existing processes with fewer resources. This paper explains the benefits of Lean, Six Sigma, Total Quality Management and Lean Six Sigma that have improved organization's performance, by cutting costs and waste, improving their products or services, increasing profitability as well as enhancing customer satisfaction. The applicability of quality management practices in financial institutions in Kosovo is presented and also their efficiency and effectiveness. By analyzing data from Raiffeisen Bank Kosovo, this paper highlights the benefits of Individual and Micro companies customer segment as the result of organizational change and successful application of quality initiatives from financial institutions in Kosovo.
Internal and International Corruption
Authors: Antinucci Dr.Sc. Mario
Published: July 2016

This subject, whence the name of this paper originates from, must be addressed with courage and intellectual integrity by all of us, the different parts of the civil society, the public institutions, the entrepreneurs and the legal professionals, the youth and the new generations.All the public policies of the European governments share the belief of a direct correlation between the criminal density connected to corruption of States political and economic protagonists and the lack of availability of investments on young talents, new generations, both in the entrepreneurial and in the professional fields. In most Member States, anticorruption policies have gained an increased prominence in government agendas and the financial crisis has drawn attention to the integrity and accountability of policy-makers.Most Member States that are currently in serious financial difficulties have acknowledged the seriousness of issues related to corruption and have created (or are planning) anticorruption programs in order to deal with the risks deriving from this issue and with the diversion of public funds. In some Member States, the economic adjustment programs provide for explicit obligations related to anti-corruption policies. Even when not formally connected to adjustment programs, anticorruption policies complement the adjustment measures, especially in those countries in which corruption is a serious issue. During the European Semester of economic policy coordination, recommendations for efficiently fighting corruption have been laid out; Among the most vulnerable sectors, urban development and building projects are certainly very exposed to corruption risks and to infiltration of internal and transnational organized crime.
Orientalism, Balkanism and the Western Viewpoint in the Context of Former Yugoslavia
Authors: Hetemi MA. Atdhe
Published: July 2016

This research paper examines the role of the Orientalist and Balkanist discourse in the Former Yugoslavia with a particular focus on Albanians. Here, Western Orientalist and Balkanist stereotypes of the Former Yugoslavia are examined arguing that the Orientalism and Balkanism of people living in the Former Yugoslavia is and was viewed differently from the standard by the West and by the people living in the Former Yugoslavia in the way how they perceive each other. The first part of this research paper treats the Orientalism and Balkanism in the context of people living in the Former Yugoslavia, in general.The second part of this research paper analyzes the case study of the application of the Orientalist and Balkanist theoretical lenses on one of the nations living in the Former Yugoslavia, namely Albanians. Here, some explorations and thoughts are provided on how Albanians define themselves and how they were perceived by the South Slavic majority living in the Former Yugoslavia.There are three authors and, subsequently, three seminal works that shall serve as pillars of this theoretical analysis: concepts of Edward Said’s “Orientalism,” Bakic-Hayden’s theories on Orientalist variations and nesting Orientalism, and Maria Todorova’s ground-breaking analysis of the external practices of Balkans representation. These provide a useful theoretical framework through which to explore the distribution of the Orientalist and Balkanist discourses in Former Yugoslavia.
The Incorporation of the School Age Group of 16-18 Years Old in Gambling
Authors: Nela MSc. Alfred
Published: July 2016

The scientific research of this paper focuses on the involvement of the school age group 16-18 years old in sports betting games impacted by beliefs on luck and social groups. For the collection of data literature is utilized, questionnaires are distributed and also focus groups were conducted. The assumptions of the assignment are: a) The involvement of school age group 16-18 years in sports betting games are manners learned from their comrades, b) The school age group 16-18 years old attribute to fate the participation in sports betting games. Over 64% of responses manifest that they have learned the rules from their companions. The revelations and questionnaire responses argue that over 45% of students in their classes play sports bets, and 34% think that the phenomena of sports betting depends on luck. The major part of this age group do not practice and believe in fortunate rituals or activities. The acquired data reflect that the extent of involvement of this age group is in substantial dimensions. We suggest that the decision-making bodies and service providers should develop strategies in order to reduce the phenomenon.