bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Resistance of Lung Cancer Cells Grown as Multicellular Tumour Spheroids to Zinc Sulfophthalocyanine Photosensitization
Authors: Manoto Sello , Houreld Nicolette , Abrahamse Heidi
Published: May 2015

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is phototherapeutic modality used in the treatment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases. The photochemical interaction of light, photosensitizer (PS) and molecular oxygen produces singlet oxygen which induces cell death. Zinc sulfophthalocyanine (ZnPcSmix) has been shown to be effective in A549 monolayers, multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) (250 µm) and not on MCTSs with a size of 500 µm. A549 cells used in this study were grown as MCTSs to a size of 500 µm in order to determine their susceptibility to PDT. ZnPcSmix distribution in MCTSs and nuclear morphology was determined using a fluorescent microscope. Changes in cellular responses were evaluated using cell morphology, viability, proliferation, cytotoxicity, cell death analysis and mitochondrial membrane potential. Untreated MCTSs, showed no changes in cellular morphology, proliferation, cytotoxicity and nuclear morphology. Photoactivated ZnPcSmix also showed no changes in cellular morphology and nuclear morphology. However, photoactivated ZnPcSmix resulted in a significant dose dependant decrease in viability and proliferation as well as an increase in cell membrane damage in MCTSs over time. ZnPcSmix photosensitization induces apoptotic cell death in MCTSs with a size of 500 µm and more resistantance when compared to monolayer cells and MCTSs with a size of 250 µm.
Modeling Near-Surface Suspended Sediment Concentration in the English Channel
Authors: Guillou Nicolas , Rivier Aurélie , Gohin Francis , Chapalain Georges
Published: May 2015

The present study investigates the performances of the three-dimensional multicomponent hydro-sedimentary model ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) to predict near-surface suspended sediment concentrations (SSC) in the English Channel (western Europe). Predictions are assessed against satellite-retrieved observations from raw MODIS and MERIS images for the year 2008 characterized by the highest availability of cloud-free data. Focus is put on improvements obtained with: (1) SSC inputs at the open boundaries; and (2) simple parameterizations of the settling velocity and the critical shear stress. Sensitivity studies confirm the importance of the advection of fine-grained suspended sediments in the central waters of the English Channel exhibiting benefits of refined SSC estimations along the sea boundaries. Improvements obtained with modified formulations of the settling velocity and the critical shear stress finally suggest possible seasonal influences of biological activity and thermal stratification on near-surface SSC.
Chemical Characterization and Anti-Oomycete Activity of Laureliopsis philippianna Essential Oils against Saprolegnia parasitica and S. australis
Authors: Madrid Alejandro , Godoy Patricio , González Sebastián , Zaror Luis , Moller Alejandra , Werner Enrique , Cuellar Mauricio , Villena Joan , Montenegro Iván
Published: May 2015

Laureliopsis philippiana (Looser) R. Schodde (Monimiaceae) is a native tree widespread in the forest areas in the south of Chile and Argentina, known for its medicinal properties and excellent wood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of L. philippiana leaf and bark essential oils (EOs) using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and to quantify its anti-oomycete activity, specifically against Saprolegnia parasitica and S. australis. Only six components were identified in leaf EO, 96.92% of which are phenylpropanoids and 3.08% are terpenes. As for bark EO, 29 components were identified, representing 67.61% for phenylpropanoids and 32.39% for terpenes. Leaf EO was characterized mainly by safrole (96.92%) and β-phellandrene (1.80%). Bark EO was characterized mainly by isosafrole (30.07%), safrole (24.41%), eucalyptol (13.89%), methyleugenol (7.12%), and eugenol (6.01%). Bark EO has the most promising anti-Saprolegnia activity, with a minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) value of 30.0 µg/mL against mycelia growth and a minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) value of 50.0 μg/mL against spores; for leaf EO, the MIC and MFC values are 100 and 125 µg/mL, respectively. These findings demonstrate that bark EO has potential to be developed as a remedy for the control of Saprolegnia spp. in aquaculture.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Lignan Constituents in Caulis Trachelospermi by HPLC-QTOF-MS and HPLC-UV
Authors: Liu Xiao-Ting , Wang Xu-Guang , Xu Rui , Meng Fan-Hua , Yu Neng-Jiang , Zhao Yi-Min
Published: May 2015

A high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole tandem time-of-flight mass (HPLC-QTOF-MS) and ultraviolet spectrometry (HPLC-UV) was established for simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major chemical constituents in Caulis Trachelospermi, respectively. The analysis was performed on an Agilent Zorbax Eclipse Plus C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 μm) using a binary gradient system of water and methanol, with ultraviolet absorption at 230 nm. Based on high-resolution ESI-MS/MS fragmentation behaviors of the reference standards, the characteristic cleavage patterns of lignano-9, 9'-lactones and lignano-8'-hydroxy-9, 9'-lactones were obtained. The results demonstrated that the characteristic fragmentation patterns are valuable for identifying and differentiating lignano-9,9'-lactones and lignano-8'-hydroxy-9,9'-lactones. As such, a total of 25 compounds in Caulis Trachelospermi were unambiguously or tentatively identified via comparisons with reference standards or literature. In addition, 14 dibenzylbutyrolatone lignans were simultaneously quantified in Caulis Trachelospermi by HPLC-UV method. The method is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of dibenzylbutyrolatone lignans in Caulis Trachelospermi.
Anticancer Effect of Ursodeoxycholic Acid in Human Oral Squamous Carcinoma HSC-3 Cells through the Caspases
Authors: Pang Liang , Zhao Xin , Liu Weiwei , Deng Jiang , Tan Xiaotong , Qiu Lihua
Published: May 2015

Bear bile was used as a traditional medicine or tonic in East Asia, and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the most important compound in bear bile. Further, synthetic UDCA is also used in modern medicine and nutrition; therefore, its further functional effects warrant research, in vitro methods could be used for the fundamental research of its anticancer effects. In this study, the apoptotic effects of UDCA in human oral squamous carcinoma HSC-3 cells through the activation of caspases were observed by the experimental methods of MTT (3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide) assay, DAPI (4’,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) staining, flow cytometry analysis, RT-PCR (reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction) assay and Western blot assay after HSC-3 cells were treated by different concentrations of UDCA. With 0 to 400 μg/mL UDCA treatment, UDCA had strong growth inhibitory effects in HSC-3 cells, but had almost no effect in HOK normal oral cells. At concentrations of 100, 200 and 400 μg/mL, UDCA could induce apoptosis compared to untreated control HSC-3 cells. Treatment of 400 μg/mL UDCA could induce more apoptotic cancer cells than 100 and 200 μg/mL treatment; the sub-G1 DNA content of 400 μg/mL UDCA treated cancer cells was 41.3% versus 10.6% (100 μg/mL) and 22.4% (200 μg/mL). After different concentrations of UDCA treatment, the mRNA and protein expressions of caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax, Fas/FasL (Fas ligand), TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand), DR4 (death receptor 4) and DR5 (death receptor 5) were increased in HSC-3 cells, and mRNA and protein expressions of Bcl-2 (B-cell lymphoma 2), Bcl-xL (B-cell lymphoma-extra large), XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein), cIAP-1 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1), cIAP-2 (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 2) and survival were decreased. Meanwhile, at the highest concentration of 400 μg/mL, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Bax, Fas/FasL, TRAIL, DR4, DR5, and IκB-α expression levels were the highest, and Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, XIAP, cIAP-1, cIAP-2, survival, and NF-κB expression levels were the lowest. These results proved that UDCA could induce apoptosis of HSC-3 cancer cells through caspase activation, and the higher concentration of UDCA had stronger effects in vitro. UDCA might be a good nutrient for oral cancer prevention.
An Automatic Mosaicking Algorithm for the Generation of a Large-Scale Forest Height Map Using Spaceborne Repeat-Pass InSAR Correlation Magnitude
Authors: Lei Yang , Siqueira Paul
Published: May 2015

This paper describes an automatic mosaicking algorithm for creating large-scale mosaic maps of forest height. In contrast to existing mosaicking approaches through using SAR backscatter power and/or InSAR phase, this paper utilizes the forest height estimates that are inverted from spaceborne repeat-pass cross-pol InSAR correlation magnitude. By using repeat-pass InSAR correlation measurements that are dominated by temporal decorrelation, it has been shown that a simplified inversion approach can be utilized to create a height-sensitive measure over the whole interferometric scene, where two scene-wide fitting parameters are able to characterize the mean behavior of the random motion and dielectric changes of the volume scatterers within the scene. In order to combine these single-scene results into a mosaic, a matrix formulation is used with nonlinear least squares and observations in adjacent-scene overlap areas to create a self-consistent estimate of forest height over the larger region. This automated mosaicking method has the benefit of suppressing the global fitting error and, thus, mitigating the “wallpapering” problem in the manual mosaicking process. The algorithm is validated over the U.S. state of Maine by using InSAR correlation magnitude data from ALOS/PALSAR and comparing the inverted forest height with Laser Vegetation Imaging Sensor (LVIS) height and National Biomass and Carbon Dataset (NBCD) basal area weighted (BAW) height. This paper serves as a companion work to previously demonstrated results, the combination of which is meant to be an observational prototype for NASA’s DESDynI-R (now called NISAR) and JAXA’s ALOS-2 satellite missions.
Assessment and Comparison of TMPA Satellite Precipitation Products in Varying Climatic and Topographic Regimes in Morocco
Authors: Milewski Adam , Elkadiri Racha , Durham Michael
Published: May 2015

TRMM Multi-satellite Precipitation Analysis (TMPA) satellite precipitation products have been utilized to quantify, forecast, or understand precipitation patterns, climate change, hydrologic models, and drought in numerous scientific investigations. The TMPA products recently went through a series of algorithm developments to enhance the accuracy and reliability of high-quality precipitation measurements, particularly in low rainfall environments and complex terrain. In this study, we evaluated four TMPA products (3B42: V6, V7temp, V7, RTV7) against 125 rain gauges in Northern Morocco to assess the accuracy of TMPA products in various regimes, examine the performance metrics of new algorithm developments, and assess the impact of the processing error in 2012. Results show that the research products outperform the real-time products in all environments within Morocco, and the newest algorithm development (3B42 V7) outperforms the previous version (V6), particularly in low rainfall and high-elevation environments. TMPA products continue to overestimate precipitation in arid environments and underestimate it in high-elevation areas. Lastly, the temporary processing error resulted in little bias except in arid environments. These results corroborate findings from previous studies, provide scientific data for the Middle East, highlight the difficulty of using TMPA products in varying conditions, and present preliminary research for future algorithm development for the GPM mission.
Enhanced Sensitive Love Wave Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Designed for Immunoassay Formats
Authors: Puiu Mihaela , Gurban Ana-Maria , Rotariu Lucian , Brajnicov Simona , Viespe Cristian , Bala Camelia
Published: May 2015

We report a Love wave surface acoustic wave (LW-SAW) immunosensor designed for the detection of high molecular weight targets in liquid samples, amenable also for low molecular targets in surface competition assays. We implemented a label-free interaction protocol similar to other surface plasmon resonance bioassays having the advantage of requiring reduced time analysis. The fabricated LW-SAW sensor supports the detection of the target in the nanomolar range, and can be ultimately incorporated in portable devices, suitable for point-of-care testing (POCT) applications.
A Novel Square-Root Cubature Information Weighted Consensus Filter Algorithm for Multi-Target Tracking in Distributed Camera Networks
Authors: Chen Yanming , Zhao Qingjie
Published: May 2015

This paper deals with the problem of multi-target tracking in a distributed camera network using the square-root cubature information filter (SCIF). SCIF is an efficient and robust nonlinear filter for multi-sensor data fusion. In camera networks, multiple cameras are arranged in a dispersed manner to cover a large area, and the target may appear in the blind area due to the limited field of view (FOV). Besides, each camera might receive noisy measurements. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes a novel multi-target square-root cubature information weighted consensus filter (MTSCF), which reduces the effect of clutter or spurious measurements using joint probabilistic data association (JPDA) and proper weights on the information matrix and information vector. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can efficiently track multiple targets in camera networks and is obviously better in terms of accuracy and stability than conventional multi-target tracking algorithms.
A Novel Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm for Recalibration of Fiber Optic Gyroscope Error Parameters
Authors: Gao Yanbin , Guan Lianwu , Wang Tingjun , Sun Yunlong
Published: May 2015

The artificial fish swarm algorithm (AFSA) is one of the state-of-the-art swarm intelligent techniques, which is widely utilized for optimization purposes. Fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) error parameters such as scale factors, biases and misalignment errors are relatively unstable, especially with the environmental disturbances and the aging of fiber coils. These uncalibrated error parameters are the main reasons that the precision of FOG-based strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) degraded. This research is mainly on the application of a novel artificial fish swarm algorithm (NAFSA) on FOG error coefficients recalibration/identification. First, the NAFSA avoided the demerits (e.g., lack of using artificial fishes’ pervious experiences, lack of existing balance between exploration and exploitation, and high computational cost) of the standard AFSA during the optimization process. To solve these weak points, functional behaviors and the overall procedures of AFSA have been improved with some parameters eliminated and several supplementary parameters added. Second, a hybrid FOG error coefficients recalibration algorithm has been proposed based on NAFSA and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) approaches. This combination leads to maximum utilization of the involved approaches for FOG error coefficients recalibration. After that, the NAFSA is verified with simulation and experiments and its priorities are compared with that of the conventional calibration method and optimal AFSA. Results demonstrate high efficiency of the NAFSA on FOG error coefficients recalibration.
Sensor Node for Remote Monitoring of Waterborne Disease-Causing Bacteria
Authors: Kim Kyukwang , Myung Hyun
Published: May 2015

A sensor node for sampling water and checking for the presence of harmful bacteria such as E. coli in water sources was developed in this research. A chromogenic enzyme substrate assay method was used to easily detect coliform bacteria by monitoring the color change of the sampled water mixed with a reagent. Live webcam image streaming to the web browser of the end user with a Wi-Fi connected sensor node shows the water color changes in real time. The liquid can be manipulated on the web-based user interface, and also can be observed by webcam feeds. Image streaming and web console servers run on an embedded processor with an expansion board. The UART channel of the expansion board is connected to an external Arduino board and a motor driver to control self-priming water pumps to sample the water, mix the reagent, and remove the water sample after the test is completed. The sensor node can repeat water testing until the test reagent is depleted. The authors anticipate that the use of the sensor node developed in this research can decrease the cost and required labor for testing samples in a factory environment and checking the water quality of local water sources in developing countries.
An Optimal Path Computation Architecture for the Cloud-Network on Software-Defined Networking
Authors: Cho Hyunhun , Park Jinhyung , Gil Joon-Min , Jeong Young-Sik , Park Jong
Published: May 2015

Legacy networks do not open the precise information of the network domain because of scalability, management and commercial reasons, and it is very hard to compute an optimal path to the destination. According to today’s ICT environment change, in order to meet the new network requirements, the concept of software-defined networking (SDN) has been developed as a technological alternative to overcome the limitations of the legacy network structure and to introduce innovative concepts. The purpose of this paper is to propose the application that calculates the optimal paths for general data transmission and real-time audio/video transmission, which consist of the major services of the National Research & Education Network (NREN) in the SDN environment. The proposed SDN routing computation (SRC) application is designed and applied in a multi-domain network for the efficient use of resources, selection of the optimal path between the multi-domains and optimal establishment of end-to-end connections.
The Effects of In-Home Displays—Revisiting the Context
Authors: Westskog Hege , Winther Tanja , Sæle Hanne
Published: May 2015

In this paper, we investigate the extent to which the use of in-home displays affects daily practices and electricity consumption. Through two pilot projects, in-home displays were installed in 33 Norwegian homes, and we provide a qualitative analysis of the effects. The results point to the potential differences in the ways households interact with the in-home displays. The effects differed among various groups according to people’s previous experiences with monitoring and their level of affluence. In the sample, affluent respondents living in detached houses tended to be accustomed to monitoring consumption before the display was introduced. These families used the display for controlling that “nothing was wrong”, but they did not use the information provided by the display to initiate new energy saving measures. In contrast, among less affluent flat owners the notion of “control” was specifically linked to the family’s management of finances, and in this sense the displays empowered them. In addition, the results indicate that the in-home display for this group resulted in electricity savings. The study adds to earlier research on the effects of in-home displays by showing the importance of previous experience with monitoring electricity for the effects of feedback and by highlighting not only energy savings but also social effects of displays.
Sustainable Education: Exploiting Students’ Energy for Learning as a Renewable Resource
Authors: Van den Branden Kris
Published: May 2015

In this article, “sustainable education” is reconceptualized, drawing on the insight that education runs on the energy of students, teachers and all other stakeholders involved. Sustainable education systems are defined as systems in which students’ natural energy for learning is renewed (rather than depleted) and no talent gets wasted. Students’ energy for learning is geared towards the acquisition of crucial competences for the 21st century (including the competence to make their own lives work and to make life on the planet work), which they can deploy and further develop on a long-term, sustainable basis. For this to happen, education systems need to be built upon strong, up-to-date curricula and to design classroom activity based on cutting-edge knowledge on what drives human learning. To this end, school teams’ joint energy for educating needs to be tapped and renewed, and assessment needs to be primarily used to further improve the quality of education.
Redesigning Terraced Social Housing in the UK for Flexibility Using Building Energy Simulation with Consideration of Passive Design
Authors: Altan Hasim , Gasperini Nicola , Moshaver Sam , Frattari Antonio
Published: May 2015

A chosen case study house forms the basis of this paper, which is a pilot energy-efficient social housing project, completed by one of the largest housing developers in the UK. The main aim of this study is to inform the redesign of flexible energy-efficient housing units. The housing, designed for social tenants, was built by the Accent Group in 2005, using modern construction methods and sustainable materials, based on extensive research from the adaptable and “Grow Home” principles of Avi Friedman as well as open building implementation. The first pilot scheme was designed in collaboration with the Building Energy Analysis Unit at the University of Sheffield, together with the Goddard Wybor Practise, and was a successful housing development with respect to being environmentally friendly and a low-energy design scheme for the UK climate. This paper presents redesigning of flexible terraced housing units, and their performance evaluation, using a building simulation method as well as the passive-house planning package. The aim was to plan a row of terraced houses that can not only utilize a flexible design concept in floor planning layout, but also to reduce energy consumption with a passive design with particular attention paid to material selection. In addition, building simulation work has been carried out with the use of DesignBuilder software for both thermal and energy performance evaluation. The study examines the annual energy performance and comfort conditions in the designed house to be situated in the Northeast of England, UK. A terraced house unit design is considered a flexible home that can adjust to the needs of different tenants for the purpose of achieving a sustainable building under different aspects, such as low energy, low carbon, use of renewables, and low impact materials, with flexibility by design.
Celecoxib Inhibits the Lytic Activation of Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus through Down-Regulation of RTA Expression by Inhibiting the Activation of p38 MAPK
Authors: Chen Jungang , Jiang Liangyu , Lan Ke , Chen Xulin
Published: May 2015

Kaposi’s sarcoma associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD). KSHV’s lytic replication cycle is critical for the pathogenesis of KSHV-associated diseases. Despite recent progress in the development of treatments for KSHV associated malignancies, these therapies are not completely efficacious and cause side effects. Therefore, more effective therapies with antiviral agents against KSHV are urgently needed. In this study, we identified celecoxib as an antiviral agent against KSHV. Our data suggest that celecoxib inhibits the lytic activation of KSHV through the down-regulation of the expression of the lytic switch protein, replication and transcription activator (RTA), by inhibiting the activation of p38 MAPK. Therefore, celecoxib may provide a candidate inhibitor for the therapeutic research of KSHV-related malignancies.
Exclusion/intégration des jeunes dans leur ville (Exclusion/integration of young people in their town)
Authors: Partoune Christine
Published: May 2015

Abstract. - The educational handbooks are far from the reality of young people. They often approach the city on an abstract way and the approaches are almost transmissives. The didactics of a volunteer geography against exclusion is inspired by the principles of inter-cultural pedagogy. It takes the actual experiences and the needs of young people into account. It privileges the methods of learning from experience and social building of the knowledge.
Forêts sommitales et chaumes vosgiennes confrontées à l'essor touristique (Higher forests and meadows of the Vosges facing tourism rise)
Authors: Husson Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2015

The higher parts of the Vosges are european wooded and tourist mountains. To day, the massif identity is disrupted by new developments. These new plans must protect the balance between economy and ecology : the landscape quality has a patrimonial value that has to be preserved for the future.
La Mayombe (Congo) : contraintes et aménagements d'une moyenne montagne tropicale (The Mayombe (Congo) : constraints and planning in a tropical mountain)
Authors: Mottet Gérard
Published: May 2015

Between Congo basin and atlantic coastline of Pointe Noire harbour, the Mayombe range, in spite of modest altitude, is a hard obstacle to cross over. Alternation of quartzites chains and clayey valleys all drowned inside evergreen forest, the Mayombe range is crossed by a railway, the C.F.C.O., built from 1921 to 1934 with great human and technical difficulties. Nowadays a new railway improves a part of the trip, but the bioclimatic environment remains hostile. A part of the forest has been the subject of a scientific survey by UNESCO in order to built a biosphere natural reserve.
Une analyse de l'évolution de l'emploi industriel en milieu urbain : le cas de l'agglomération rouennaise entre 1984 et 1992 (An analysis of industrial employment evolutions in an urban area : the case study of the Rouen area from 1984 to 1992)
Authors: Dubos Edwige
Published: May 2015

Abstract. - This article proposes a study of the evolution of industrial employment in the town of Rouen over a period of eight years. The observation of spatial mutation on the urban level is facilitated by the automated mapping of a mailing list from the industrial plant. This permits a more precise localisation of employment for the study of transformations of the production system.
Quelques aspects des mutations contemporaines des campagnes françaises (Recent changes in the French countryside)
Authors: Renard Jean
Published: May 2015

Résumé. - Les transformations du contenu social des campagnes, la remise en cause du modèle agricole intensif et productiviste, l'émergence de nouvelles fonctions dévolues à l'agriculture, ainsi que les fonctions des bourgs-centres et des petites villes aux dynamiques contrastées contribuent aux mutations des espaces ruraux.

Ces différents éléments du complexe rural agissent en interaction et expliquent la diversité des aspects et des situations.
Espaces ruraux « subarctiques » en Europe ("Subarctical rural areas" in Europe)
Authors: Cabouret Michel
Published: May 2015

Abstract. - Belatedly settled by frontier developments, the broad territories of the "subarctic" areas of northern Europe are now experiencing a settlement withdrawal in the inland territories. Scattered settlement areas or sparsely populated rural areas, in the Swedish case they contain 265400 inhabitants on 232300 square kilometers. A statistical distinction is made between sparsely settled areas, located within a 30 kilometers radius from an urban center of at least 2000 inhabitants (" rurbanized" sparsely settled areas) and areas that are not filling up these conditions and that are making up the purely rural areas.
Age-Related Effects of Dichotic Attentional Mode on Interaural Asymmetry: An AERP Study with Independent Component Analysis
Authors: Davis Tara , Stanley Nicholas , Foran Lori
Published: May 2015

Background:The degree of interaural asymmetry (IA) obtained on a dichotic listening task is affected by attentional demands attributable to the mode of test administration. Previous research has shown that IA in the elderly is more influenced by increased attentional demands
than young adults (YAs), but the effect of attentional mode on IA in middle-aged adults (MAs) has not been established. Auditory event-related potentials (AERPs), such as the N400, allow the evaluation of subtle differences in linguistic and cognitive processing between YAs and MAs that are
imperceptible by behavioral means.Purpose:To determine the effect of dichotic attentional mode on IA in the N400 in YA and MA listeners.Research Design:Participants listened to groups of words that consisted of a reference word followed by dichotic probe words. Participants judged
whether probe words were semantically related or unrelated to the reference word. This semantic judgment task was elicited in both divided-attention (DIV) and directed-attention (DIR) modes.Study Sample:Twenty-three YA (19‐25 yr) and twenty-three MA (47‐59 yr) females
participated in the study.Data Collection and Analysis:Individual, as well as grand-averaged, AERP waveforms, scalp topographies, and event-related potential-image plots were analyzed. A mixed design analysis of variance was used to compare the N400 amplitude and latency response between
ears in both attentional modes. Independent component analysis was used to isolate temporally overlapping neural sources that contributed to the negativity in the latency range of the N400 component.Results:N400 amplitude was significantly more negative in the DIV mode than DIR in both
age groups. IA differences between age groups were evident only in DIV, as indicated by an age-related shift in the direction of IA in the N400 from greater asymmetry on the right in YAs to greater asymmetry on the left in MAs. ICA revealed that the age-related difference in IA in the AERP
waveform reflected differences between YAs and MAs primarily in an electroencephalographic source process consistent with attentional processing.Conclusions:IA differences between YAs and MAs were revealed in the N400 only in DIV, which was the result of an increased information-processing
load. ICA successfully separated temporally overlapping EEG sources that contributed to the N400 component, allowing a refined interpretation of differences in the AERP waveform among groups.
Differences in Perception of Musical Stimuli among Acoustic, Electric, and Combined Modality Listeners
Authors: Prentiss Sandra M. , Friedland David R. , Nash John J. , Runge Christina L.
Published: May 2015

Background:Cochlear implants have shown vast improvements in speech understanding for those with severe to profound hearing loss; however, music perception remains a challenge for electric hearing. It is unclear whether the difficulties arise from limitations of sound processing,
the nature of a damaged auditory system, or a combination of both.Purpose:To examine music perception performance with different acoustic and electric hearing configurations.Research Design:Chord discrimination and timbre perception were tested in subjects representing four daily-use
listening configurations: unilateral cochlear implant (CI), contralateral bimodal (CIHA), bilateral hearing aid (HAHA) and normal-hearing (NH) listeners. A same-different task was used for discrimination of two chords played on piano. Timbre perception was assessed using a 10-instrument forced-choice
identification task.Study Sample:Fourteen adults were included in each group, none of whom were professional musicians.Data Collection and Analysis:The number of correct responses was divided by the total number of presentations to calculate scores in percent correct. Data analyses
were performed with Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and linear regression.Results:Chord discrimination showed a narrow range of performance across groups, with mean scores ranging between 72.5% (CI) and 88.9% (NH). Significant differences were seen between the NH and all
hearing-impaired groups. Both the HAHA and CIHA groups performed significantly better than the CI groups, and no significant differences were observed between the HAHA and CIHA groups. Timbre perception was significantly poorer for the hearing-impaired groups (mean scores ranged from 50.3‐73.9%)
compared to NH (95.2%). Significantly better performance was observed in the HAHA group as compared to both groups with electric hearing (CI and CIHA). There was no significant difference in performance between the CIHA and CI groups. Timbre perception was a significantly more difficult task
than chord discrimination for both the CI and CIHA groups, yet the easier task for the NH group. A significant difference between the two tasks was not seen in the HAHA group.Conclusion:Having impaired hearing decreases performance compared to NH across both chord discrimination and
timbre perception tasks. For chord discrimination, having acoustic hearing improved performance compared to electric hearing only. Timbre perception distinguished those with acoustic hearing from those with electric hearing. Those with bilateral acoustic hearing, even if damaged, performed
significantly better on this task than those requiring electrical stimulation, which may indicate that CI sound processing fails to capture and deliver the necessary acoustic cues for timbre perception. Further analysis of timbre characteristics in electric hearing may contribute to advancements
in programming strategies to obtain optimal hearing outcomes.
« Jouer collectif » dans un territoire fragmenté
Authors: Maisetti Nicolas
Published: May 2015

La candidature de Marseille-Provence au titre de Capitale européenne de la culture en 2013 sera interrogée pour comprendre les dynamiques actuelles de recomposition du pouvoir urbain au sein de ce territoire. On se demandera dans quelle mesure la séquence a constitué un tournant dans les interactions entre les élus et les acteurs économiques, en redistribuant les ressources d’autorité et en fondant un nouveau territoire d’action publique. À première vue, la domination des facteurs économiques sur la candidature tend à accréditer les résultats des travaux de la géographie urbaine néo-marxiste. Cependant, et conformément à la critique formulée par les approches de la gouvernance urbaine, les acteurs politiques n’ont pas été jusqu’à remettre les clés du pouvoir local aux animateurs de la chambre de commerce. Nuançant les conclusions de ces perspectives néo-institutionnalistes, en dépit des injonctions des acteurs privés, nous voudrions montrer que le « jouer collectif » n’a jamais pleinement fonctionné, ni permis de voir émerger un acteur territorial doté de capacités d’actions nouvelles. En somme, nous verrons que la division du travail politique qui a sous-tendu l’opération Capitale a certes recomposé les frontières de l’échange politique territorialisé, mais sans dépasser les conflits d’institution ou les luttes politiques structurantes du pouvoir urbain.
La capacité d’appropriation, une capacité organisationnelle immatérielle négligée dans l’adoption des systèmes d’information et de gestion
Authors: Ologeanu-Taddei Roxana , Gauche Karine , Morquin David , Bourret Rodolphe
Published: May 2015

Notre article porte sur la capacité d’appropriation des systèmes d’information et de gestion (SIG). Celle-ci intègre la mise en place du soutien organisationnel pour définir des règles concertées d’indexation de l’information et d’utilisation tout en laissant aux utilisateurs l’autonomie pour leur adaptation. Nous montrons que la formalisation de cette capacité par les organisations est un aspect souvent négligé lors de l’implémentation de ces systèmes. Nous illustrons notre propos par deux études de cas, réalisées dans deux bureaucraties professionnelles publiques françaises. Dans les deux cas, nous constatons des sous-utilisations et des pratiques de contournement de SIG, témoignant d’une adoption subie et non d’une appropriation authentique des SIG. Nous expliquons ces résultats par le fait que l’appropriation ainsi que la capacité d’appropriation sont négligées, en raison notamment des coûts supplémentaires qu’elles induisent. Nous proposons d’éviter cette situation par l’intégration de la capacité d’appropriation dans l’actif immatériel de l’organisation. Codes JEL : J24, L23, M15
Capacité d’innovation du prestataire de services logistiques et performance logistique perçue par l’industriel : quelle relation dans le contexte vietnamien ?
Authors: Duong Huu Tuyen , Paché Gilles
Published: May 2015

Le développement rapide des prestataires de services logistiques (PSL) est devenu une réalité dans de nombreux pays développés, mais également dans des économies en transition. Ils offrent aujourd’hui une large gamme de services à leurs clients, et ils font preuve d’une importante capacité d’innovation dans la création de nouveaux services à valeur ajoutée. La question est de savoir si leurs clients ont pris conscience que cette capacité d’innovation influence positivement leur performance logistique. Si tel était le cas, cela signifierait que les PSL les plus innovants sont en position favorable sur le marché, et qu’ils peuvent espérer une forte loyauté de leurs clients. L’article s’interroge sur le lien entre capacité d’innovation du PSL et performance logistique perçue par l’industriel, à partir des résultats d’une recherche conduite auprès de 139 industriels agro-alimentaires vietnamiens. Codes JEL : L66, L87, M10, R49
Le synode des évêques pour le Proche-Orient
Authors: Samir Samir Khalil
Published: May 2015

Les Églises du Proche-Orient sont confrontées à l’émigration de plus en plus forte des chrétiens. Le récent Synode a mis en lumière les défis posés par l’Islam ainsi que celui de la paix dans un continuel climat de guerre et de violence. Le Synode n’a pas nié les défis venant aussi de l’intérieur, obligeant ces Églises à réfléchir sur la crédibilité du témoignage des chrétiens et de la communion ecclésiale. Témoignage et communion, deux orientations maîtresses pour tenter de relever positivement le principal défi posé par le processus d’islamisation croissante de la vie politique, sociale, culturelle. Le message du Synode se veut un message d’espérance pour construire ensemble un projet commun à tous les hommes de bonne volonté.
Pierre réconcilierait-il Luc et Jean?
Authors: Rastoin Marc
Published: May 2015

Les points de contact entre les évangiles de Luc et de Jean ont été relevés depuis longtemps et ont intrigué les biblistes. Diverses tentatives ont essayé d’en rendre compte par le biais d’hypothèses touchant à l’histoire rédactionnelle des deux textes et à leurs liens littéraires éventuels. Aucun consensus ne s’est vraiment imposé ! Ceci témoigne d’un certain essoufflement de pareil angle d’approche, pourtant nécessaire. Mettre en lumière les ressemblances proprement théologiques, révélant les soucis communs des deux évangélistes, peut éclairer le moment ecclésial de leur écriture. Le traitement de la figure de Pierre le montre au premier chef.
Le ministère presbytéral : thèmes majeurs de la théologie espagnole postconciliaire (1971-2011)
Authors: del Cura Elena Santiago
Published: May 2015

Cet article se propose de dresser un bilan de la théologie postconciliaire du ministère presbytéral dans l’Église espagnole durant la période de 1971 à 2011. L’auteur présente quelques thèmes majeurs de la réflexion en la matière et signale les points de possibles ou nécessaires développements ultérieurs : la place du presbytérat dans l’ensemble des ministères et charismes, la nature et la mission du ministère presbytéral, la sacramentalité de l’ordre dans ses divers degrés, l’intégration des différentes tâches ministérielles et les caractéristiques de la spiritualité presbytérale.
L’anthropologie de communion du père Dumitru Staniloaë
Authors: Selaru P. Sorin
Published: May 2015

Le père Dumitru Staniloaë (1903-1993) est sans aucun doute le plus grand théologien roumain. Cet article tente de présenter synthétiquement sa perspective anthropologique en proposant plusieurs clés de lecture: cosmologique, christologique, trinitaire et ecclésiologique. En cheminant avec le père Staniloaë à travers tous ces aspects importants de son anthropologie, le lecteur découvrira comment l’homme dans la création est l’homme en Christ, l’homme en Trinité, l’homme en Église, être de communion et personne eucharistique.
Migration et Développement Institutionnel
Authors: Rapoport Hillel
Published: May 2015

Cet article propose une revue critique de la littérature récente sur les liens entre migration et institutions dans le contexte des pays en développement. Il existe de nombreux canaux par lesquels les migrations affectent la démocratisation des pays d’origine. Leur effet peut être positif ou négatif selon l’identité des migrants, leur destination, et la façon dont la migration influe sur les choix d’éducation et d’occupation. Par souci de simplification je sépare ici les différents canaux existants entre ceux qui relèvent des approches traditionnelles d’économie politique (modèles de recherche/évitement de rente, de compétition entre juridictions, effets à la Laffer dus aux choix d’éducation, d’occupation et de localisation) et entraînant un ajustement du côté de l’offre, et ceux qui relèvent de la diffusion de la démocratie et induisent des changements du côté des préférences et de la demande. La littérature d’économie politique est très riche sur le plan théorique mais assez pauvre sur le plan empirique. Ce serait plutôt l’inverse pour la littérature sur la diffusion culturelle de la démocratie, qui présente celle-ci de façon ad hoc sur le plan théorique mais qui s’enrichit graduellement d’un nombre croissant d’études de cas. Les analyses de comparaisons inter-pays s’intéressent quant à elles à l’effet global des migrations sur les institutions. Si elles mettent généralement en évidence un effet positif des migrations internationales sur le développement institutionnel des pays d’origine, elles ne permettent par contre pas d’identifier les canaux exacts par lesquels ces effets sont obtenus.
Dynamique de l’action collective, taille du groupe et degré de rivalité de la rente
Authors: Cheikbossian Guillaume
Published: May 2015

Dans cet article, nous étudions l’aptitude des membres d’un groupe à coopérer dans leurs activités de recherche de rentes afin de renforcer leurs position dans le conflit qui les opposent à une institution en place pour l’attribution d’une rente. Plus précisément, nous considérons un jeu répété dans lequel les membres du groupe challenger utilisent des stratégies de déclic fondées sur la menace d’un retour permanent à la solution non-coopérative au sein du groupe afin de soutenir la coopération intra-groupe. De plus, la rente à l’origine du conflit peut avoir aussi les bien les caractéristiques d’un bien public (non divisible) que celle d’un bien privé (divisible). Nous montrons alors que la coopération intra-groupe est d’autant plus difficile à soutenir comme un équilibre de Nash en sous-jeu parfait que le degré de rivalité de la rente est important. En revanche, plus la taille de la collectivité est importante, plus les membres du groupe challenger sont aptes à soutenir la coopération intra-groupe et ceci indépendamment du caractère plus ou moins privé (ou public) de la rente.
Hypothèses de la fugue
Authors: Person Xavier
Published: May 2015

Résumé Un sujet fuyant
Castro par lettres
Authors: Dupart Dominique
Published: May 2015

Résumé Une série stendhalienne
Lignes de fond en Méditerranée
Authors: Carle Zoé , Chémery Valentin
Published: May 2015

Résumé Entretien avec Jocelyne Dakhlia
Edificio del parlamento de la Baja Sajonia, en Hannover, Alemania
Authors: Oesterlen Dieter
Published: May 2015

Componiendo lo moderno y lo antiguo, con una gran sensibilidad, ha sido construido el nuevo edificio del parlamento de la Baja Sajonia, en Hannover.
Es de señalar en el mismo, además de la perfección de sus instalaciones, y de su funcionalidad, la atmósfera inconfundible que irradia, propia de un edificio representativo, característico y singular, de acuerdo con las nuevas normas y las formas que impone nuestro tiempo.
Proyecto y ejecución del nuevo tramo de la autopista Londres-Yorkshire
Authors: Llamazares Gómez Olegario
Published: May 2015

Describe el autor un tramo representativo de las nuevas autopistas inglesas, exponiendo con claridad y concisión los detalles del proyecto en sus características geométricas y estructurales e informando sobre el volumen fy condiciones singulares de la obra.
El trabajo presenta el interés de las soluciones adoptadas para una vía de gran tráfico, especialmente en la composición del firme, con la definición de espesores y materiales de las distintas capas que lo integran, así como en [la disposición del sistema de drenaje.
Dos museos en México
Authors: Ramírez Vázquez P. , Mijares R.
Published: May 2015

1. Museo de arte Moderno, en la Ciudad de México
El conjunto construido consta de dos edificios: el Museo de Arte y la Galería de Arte. El primero se ha resuelto en dos plantas, y alberga: seis salas circulares para exposiciones, unidas entre sí por los servicios comunes (públicos, administrativos y de entretenimiento), y un gran vestíbulo, también circular, de doble altura. El segundo se ha organizado asimismo en dos niveles, y consta de una sala circular para exposiciones en planta alta y servicios en planta baja, ligando ambas zonas por medio de un vestíbulo central, que los comunica al exterior. La expresividad formal de los dos cuerpos construidos y el paraje elegido para emplazarlos constituyen un acierto plástico y de ambientación.
2. Museo en Ciudad Juárez
Comprende este edificio: un cuerpo central, de planta circular, que alberga: cuatro salas de exposiciones; y otro, concéntrico con el anterior, que contiene dos amplias salas de exposición. El acertado juego de volúmenes, formas, y texturas, así como su colocación sobre una gran lámina de agua, imprimen a este Museo un especial atractivo.
Pasarela metálica sobre la C. N. III, Madrid-Valencia
Authors: Rodríguez-Borlado Olavarrieta Ramiro
Published: May 2015

La pasarela sobre la C. N. III, Madrid-Valencia, en la autopista de acceso a Madrid, permite el paso de peatones entre los barrios de Moratalaz y Vallecas sin interferir el tráfico rodado.
La solución de paso superior resulta conveniente, ya que la autopista discurre en trinchera en el lugar de ubicación de esta obra.
La estructura está formada por una viga metálica continua de sección en cajón, apoyada sobre cinco soportes rectangulares metálicos y dos estribos de hormigón armado.
La obra tiene una longitud total de aproximadamente 100 m y el ancho de la plataforma es de 2,40 metros.
El plazo de realización de la obra ha sido de un mes aproximadamente.
La industrialización de la construcción y el régimen de utilización y ordenación del suelo. I
Authors: Nadal Aixalá Jaime
Published: May 2015

No disponible
El museo «Whitney» de arte americano, en Nueva York
Authors: Breuer Marcel , Smith Hamilton , Irving Michael H.
Published: May 2015

Además de las Galerías principales de exposición, de planta rectangular, este edificio alberga: una serie de locales en los que pueden exhibirse pinturas y esculturas; las oficinas; salas de conferencias; un auditorio; cafetería con restaurante; biblioteca; etc.
Tanto la composición estética de las fachadas como la del interior del edificio son adecuadas y acertadas, delatando, con sincera y expresiva sencillez, la obra, cuidadosamente estudiada y realizada, de un gran maestro de la Arquitectura contemporánea.
Nueva escuela primaria, en Viena
Authors: Lichtblau E. , Schlesinger N.
Published: May 2015

Esta escuela consta de dos cuerpos de edificio: Uno de ellos se apoya sobre soportes que se elevan por encima de la rasante de la calle hasta la altura de la primera planta, y aloja los gimnasios y dependencias correspondientes.
El otro cuerpo de edificio tiene 4 plantas de altura, alberga las clases y locales anexos, y está desarrollado en planta con forma de «U» en torno a un patio central —que ocupa sensiblemente el centro de la parcela—, utilizado como zona de juegos al aire Ubre.
La solución adoptada ha sido la más conveniente, contando con las exigencias y limitaciones impuestas.