bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Menstrual Care Skills Training Programs Provided to Girls with Intellectual Disabilities By a Healthcare Professional and Caregivers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Aktaş Gamze , Öncü Emine
Published: May 2022

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of the training provided by the professional and caregivers in developing menstrual care skills of girls with intellectual disabilities. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 22 moderate girls with intellectual disabilities randomly assigned to G-I and G-II. Both groups received training program using chaining technique and modeling on a doll and on itself for 8 weeks. Assessments were made on the 1, 15, 30 and 60 days. Results: The girls’ median age was 15 (14–18) years. Scores skill of menstrual care were significantly increased in both groups ( p < .05; effect size = 0.61). G-I’s a pad placement and changing dirty pad skill scores were higher than G-II ( p = 0.05; effect size = 0.44). Conclusion: The training process performing by caregivers can be affected by the complexity of the menstrual self-care skills. School-parents cooperation-based reproductive health programs may be facilitated the teaching of complex menstrual care skills of girls with intellectual disabilities.
Why Antibias Interventions (Need Not) Fail
Authors: Schmader Toni , Dennehy Tara C. , Baron Andrew S.
Published: May 2022

There is a critical disconnect between scientific knowledge about the nature of bias and how this knowledge gets translated into organizational debiasing efforts. Conceptual confusion around what implicit bias is contributes to misunderstanding. Bridging these gaps is the key to understanding when and why antibias interventions will succeed or fail. Notably, there are multiple distinct pathways to biased behavior, each of which requires different types of interventions. To bridge the gap between public understanding and psychological research, we introduce a visual typology of bias that summarizes the process by which group-relevant cognitions are expressed as biased behavior. Our typology spotlights cognitive, motivational, and situational variables that affect the expression and inhibition of biases while aiming to reduce the ambiguity of what constitutes implicit bias. We also address how norms modulate how biases unfold and are perceived by targets. Using this typology as a framework, we identify theoretically distinct entry points for antibias interventions. A key insight is that changing associations, increasing motivation, raising awareness, and changing norms are distinct goals that require different types of interventions targeting individual, interpersonal, and institutional structures. We close with recommendations for antibias training grounded in the science of prejudice and stereotyping.
Intervention Tournaments: An Overview of Concept, Design, and Implementation
Authors: Hameiri Boaz , Moore-Berg Samantha L.
Published: May 2022

A large portion of research in the social sciences is devoted to using interventions to combat societal and social problems, such as prejudice, discrimination, and intergroup conflict. However, these interventions are often developed using the theories and/or intuitions of the individuals who developed them and evaluated in isolation without comparing their efficacy with other interventions. Here, we make the case for an experimental design that addresses such issues: an intervention tournament—that is, a study that compares several different interventions against a single control and uses the same standardized outcome measures during assessment and participants drawn from the same population. We begin by highlighting the utility of intervention tournaments as an approach that complements other, more commonly used approaches to addressing societal issues. We then describe various approaches to intervention tournaments, which include crowdsourced, curated, and in-house-developed intervention tournaments, and their unique characteristics. Finally, we discuss practical recommendations and key design insights for conducting such research, given the existing literature. These include considerations of intervention-tournament deployment, characteristics of included interventions, statistical analysis and reporting, study design, longitudinal and underlying psychological mechanism assessment, and theoretical ramifications.
Orthographic facilitation of oral vocabulary acquisition in primary school children
Authors: Salins Andrea , Cupples Linda , Leigh Greg , Castles Anne
Published: May 2022

Children’s oral vocabulary acquisition is an important aspect of language development that plays a crucial role in reading and literacy development and subsequent academic success. Therefore, it is important to identify and implement evidence-based effective strategies of vocabulary instruction for primary school children. Orthographic facilitation refers to the benefit afforded to word learning by incidentally presenting spellings when new words are introduced. This study aimed to replicate the orthographic facilitation effect in primary school (Grades 1–6) children and further assess whether children in different grades benefitted differently from the presence of orthography during spoken word learning. To do this, 91 children from Grades 1 to 6 were taught novel picture–word pairs with or without spellings. Word learning was assessed during and after training using behavioural and eye-tracking data from picture-naming and picture–word-matching (PWM) tasks. Irrespective of grade, all children experienced a significant orthographic facilitation effect during training. The post-training results were more task dependent with all grades showing a significant orthographic facilitation effect on the picture-naming task, and only Grades 1 to 4 showing a facilitation effect on the PWM task. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
The impact of sensory modality on prospective memory: Differences between visual and auditory processing
Authors: Vicentin Stefano , Cona Giorgia , Arcara Giorgio , Bisiacchi Patrizia
Published: May 2022

Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to perform an intended action when the appropriate conditions occur. Several features play a role in the successful retrieval of an intention: the activity we are concurrently engaged in, the number of intentions we are maintaining, where our attention is focused (outward vs. to inner states), and how outstanding the trigger of the intention is. Another factor that may play a crucial role is sensory modality: Do auditory and visual stimuli prompt PM processing in the same way? In this study, we explored for the first time the nature of PM for auditory stimuli and the presence of modality-dependent differences in PM processing. To do so, an identical paradigm composed of multiple PM tasks was administered in two versions, one with auditory stimuli and one with visual ones. Each PM task differed for features such as focality, salience, and number of intentions (factors that are known in literature to modulate the monitoring and maintenance requests of PM) to explore the impact of sensory modality on a broad variety of classical PM tasks. In general, PM processing showed similar patterns between modalities, especially for low demanding prospective instructions. Conversely, substantial differences were found when the prospective load was increased and monitoring requests enhanced, as participants were significantly slower and less accurate with acoustic stimuli. These results represent the first evidence that modality-dependent effects arise in PM processing, especially in its interaction with features such as the difficulty of the task and the increased monitoring load.
Rink hockey “Ok-XS”. Motor behavior effects of scaling games in U8 players
Authors: Lacasa Enrique , Canton Albert , Brufau Isidre , March-Llanes Jaume , Torrents Carlota
Published: May 2022

In rink hockey, it is not usual to find proposals of mini-hockey in early competition. This study aimed to analyse the effect of the manipulation of court dimensions and the number of participants on the motor behavior of players. Twenty-four rink hockey players (three girls and 21 boys; age: 7.1 ± 0.4 years) U8 category participated in this study. Three types of 3-min games were played twice, with 3-min breaks, following a random order: i) Four versus four (plus goalkeeper) on an official pitch (40 × 20 m); ii) Four versus four (plus goalkeeper) on a rink measuring 20 × 13 m, and iii) Two versus two (plus goalkeeper) on a court measuring 20 × 10 m. All games were video-recorded and a systematic observation instrument was used to register the actions using the Lince PLUS observation tool (v.1.2.0-2020). The individual technical-tactical behavioral variables of the court players were analysed, considering: (a) actions without the ball; (b) actions with the ball; and (c) final phase of ball possession. Statistical analysis was performed based on the Generalized Mixed Poisson Model. The results revealed that total actions were increased in both scaling situations compared to situation 1 in which young rink hockey players officially compete (S1 vs. S3; p <.001; Odds Ratio (OR) = 2,12) (S1 vs. S2; p <.001; Odds Ratio (OR) = 1,48). The results revealed that in small-sided games more affordances emerge concerning the official rules. The data obtained suggest that competition at this age on an official court (40 × 20 m) is not recommended for development of the variety of the set of individual technical-tactical behaviors.
2019 Touch World Cup: An analysis of movement demands by half and gender
Authors: Zaragoza Javier A , Prather Jessica , Florez Christine M , Goonan Justin , Tinnin Matthias R , Secrest Ariane H , Taylor Lem W , Elsworthy Nathan , Dalbo Vincent J
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Quantify and compare the movement demands of gameplay in a male only and a female only touch rugby team competing in the International Touch World Cup (2019).

Methods

Movement demands (male: n = 16; female: n = 15) were assessed across 16 games (male open's: 8; female open's: 8) with 10 Hz global positioning system devices. Separate linear mixed models and Cohen's effect size (ES) comparisons were used to analyze variables by half (1st vs. 2nd half) and gender (male vs. female).

Results

Within game comparisons revealed reductions in run distance (ES = -0.26; p = 0.003) and worst-case scenario one-minute relative distance (ES = -0.29; p = 0.019) from the first to second half in a male only team. The female only team experienced an increase in walk distance (ES = 0.42; p <0.001) and a reduction in run distance (ES = -0.27; p <0.001) from the first to second half. Gender comparisons revealed the male only team maintained a higher average speed (ES = -0.49; p = 0.006) while covering a greater run distance (ES = -1.03; p = <0.001) and sprint distance (ES = -0.98; p < 0.001) than the female only team. The male only team also achieved a higher peak speed than the female only team (ES = -0.70; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Movement demands of touch games remain consistent from the first to second half in male only and female only teams. However, male only games appear to be played at a higher intensity than female only games. Results from our study suggest gender specific conditioning programs should be implemented to best prepare players for international competition.
Perceived barriers to mobility in the intensive care units of Singapore: The Patient Mobilisation Attitudes and Beliefs Survey for the intensive care units
Authors: Yeung Meredith T. , Tan Nicholas K. , Lee Gideon Z. , Gao Yuemian , Tan Chun Ju , Yan Clement C
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Prolonged bed rest and immobility in the intensive care units (ICU) increase the risk of ICU-acquired weakness (ICUAW) and other complications. Mobilisation has been shown to improve patient outcomes but may be limited by the perceived barriers of healthcare professionals to mobilisation. The Patient Mobilisation Attitudes and Beliefs Survey for the ICU (PMABS-ICU) was adapted to assess perceived barriers to mobility in the Singapore context (PMABS-ICU-SG).

Methods

The 26-item PMABS-ICU-SG was disseminated to doctors, nurses, physiotherapists, and respiratory therapists working in ICU of various hospitals across Singapore. Overall and subscale (knowledge, attitude, and behaviour) scores were obtained and compared with the clinical roles, years of work experience, and type of ICU of the survey respondents.

Results

A total of 86 responses were received. Of these, 37.2% (32/86) were physiotherapists, 27.9% (24/86) were respiratory therapists, 24.4% (21/86) were nurses and 10.5% (9/86) were doctors. Physiotherapists had significantly lower mean barrier scores in overall and all subscales compared to nurses (p < 0.001), respiratory therapists (p < 0.001), and doctors (p = 0.001). A poor correlation (r = 0.079, p < 0.05) was found between years of experience and the overall barrier score. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall barriers score between types of ICU (χ2(2) = 4.720, p = 0.317).

Conclusion

In Singapore, physiotherapists had significantly lower perceived barriers to mobilisation compared to the other three professions. Years of experience and type of ICU had no significance in relation to barriers to mobilisation.
Corrective osteotomy for distal condylar malunion of the proximal phalanx in adolescents: comparison of K-wire and locking plate fixation
Authors: Chen Kuan-Jung , Huang Yu-Po , Lo I-Ning , Huang Yi-Chao
Published: May 2022

This retrospective study reviewed 28 patients, aged 10 to 17 years, who underwent corrective osteotomy for malunion of the proximal phalangeal distal condyles at a mean of 9 weeks (range 2–52) from injury. There were 19 patients treated with K-wire and nine patients with locking plates. The two groups were comparable for trauma mechanism, fracture type, time delay from injury and the type of initial treatment. The K-wire group had a shorter duration of operation and shorter time to union than the plating group. For both groups, postoperative radiographs showed significant correction, which remained unchanged until the final follow-up (minimum 12 months), although greater residual coronal angulation was found in the K-wire group. The outcomes in 17 of the 28 patients were graded as excellent or good according to the Al-Qattan classification, with no difference between the groups. The complication rate was also similar between the groups, while the locking plate group had a higher rate of secondary surgery.

Level of evidence: III
MicroRNAs in peripheral artery disease: potential biomarkers and pathophysiological mechanisms
Authors: Ring Andrew , Ismaeel Ahmed , Wechsler Marissa , Fletcher Emma , Papoutsi Evlampia , Miserlis Dimitrios , Koutakis Panagiotis
Published: May 2022

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a disease of atherosclerosis in the lower extremities. PAD carries a massive burden worldwide, while diagnosis and treatment options are often lacking. One of the key points of research in recent years is the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs), which are short 20-25 nucleotide single-stranded RNAs that can act as negative regulators of post-transcriptional gene expression. Many of these miRNAs have been discovered to be misregulated in PAD patients, suggesting a potential utility as biomarkers for PAD diagnosis. miRNAs have also been shown to play an important role in many different pathophysiological aspects involved in the initiation and progression of the disease including angiogenesis, hypoxia, inflammation, as well as other cellular functions like cell proliferation and migration. The research on miRNAs in PAD has the potential to lead to a whole new class of diagnostic tools and treatments.
Postpartum maternal wellbeing
Authors: Hussain Safia
Published: May 2022

The 6-to-8 week postnatal check marks an important face-to-face review for a new mother and her newborn. The approach to this review, with a focus on the mother’s physical and mental wellbeing, has relevance to primary care doctors’ training in obstetrics and gynaecology. A typical review will routinely consider aspects of physical and psychological wellbeing, including coping as a new parent, for example with newborn feeding. The physical review includes aspects of recovery after delivery including lochia, wound healing after caesarian section, pelvic floor health (including vaginal tears) and assessment for urinary and faecal incontinence. Physiological changes in blood pressure and blood test results occur and interpretation demands experience to ensure appropriate reassurance. Chronic and any new medical conditions diagnosed in pregnancy (including gestational diabetes mellitus and pregnancy-induced hypertension) require review, discussion and follow-up as they can impact on short and longer term health. This article explores common postnatal themes and medical conditions including early recognition and management.
Composite outcomes in observational studies of Crohn’s disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Magro Fernando , Sottomayor Catarina , Alves Catarina , Santiago Mafalda , Ministro Paula , Lago Paula , Correia Luís , Gonçalves Raquel , Carvalho Diana , Portela Francisco , Dias Cláudia Camila , Dignass Axel , Danese Silvio , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Estevinho Maria Manuela , Leão Moreira Paula
Published: May 2022

Background:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to assess composite and aggregate outcomes of observational studies in Crohn’s disease and to evaluate whether the number and type of variables included affect the frequency of the outcome.

Methods:

MEDLINE [via PubMed], Scopus and Web of Science were searched to identify observational studies that enrolled patients with Crohn’s disease and evaluated a composite or aggregate outcome. The proportion of patients achieving the outcome was determined and a random-effects meta-analysis was performed to evaluate how the frequency of each outcome varies according to the reporting of predefined variables.

Results:

From 10,257 identified records, 46 were included in the qualitative analysis and 38 in the meta-analysis. The frequency for composite and aggregate outcomes was 0.445 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.389–0.501] and 0.140 (95% CI: 0.000–0.211), respectively. When comparing composite outcomes by number of included variables, the frequency was 0.271 (95% CI: 0.000–0.405) and 0.698 (95% CI: 0.651–0.746), for one and six variables, respectively. The frequency of the composite outcome varied according to the identity of the variables being reported. Specific pairs of predefined variables had a significant effect in the frequency of composite outcomes.

Conclusion:

Composite outcomes with increasing number of predefined variables show an increase in frequency. Outcomes including variables such as ‘Surgery’ and ‘Steroids’ had higher frequencies when compared with the ones that did not include these variables. These results show that the frequency of composite outcomes is dependent on the number and type of variables being reported.
Practice guidance for the use of terlipressin for liver cirrhosis–related complications
Authors: Qi Xingshun , Bai Zhaohui , Zhu Qiang , Cheng Gang , Chen Yu , Dang Xiaowei , Ding Huiguo , Han Juqiang , Han Lei , He Yingli , Ji Fanpu , Jin Hongxu , Li Bimin , Li Hongyu , Li Yiling , Li Zhiwei , Liu Bang , Liu Fuquan , Liu Lei , Lin Su , Ma Dapeng , Meng Fanping , Qi Ruizhao , Ren Tianshu , Shao Lichun , Tang Shanhong , Tang Yufu , Teng Yue , Wang Chunhui , Wang Ran , Wu Yunhai , Xu Xiangbo , Yang Ling , Yuan Jinqiu , Yuan Shanshan , Yang Yida , Zhao Qingchun , Zhang Wei , Yang Yongping , Guo Xiaozhong , Xie Weifen
Published: May 2022

Background:

Liver cirrhosis is a major global health burden worldwide due to its high risk of morbidity and mortality. Role of terlipressin for the management of liver cirrhosis–related complications has been recognized during recent years. This article aims to develop evidence-based clinical practice guidance on the use of terlipressin for liver cirrhosis–related complications.

Methods:

Hepatobiliary Study Group of the Chinese Society of Gastroenterology of the Chinese Medical Association and Hepatology Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association have invited gastroenterologists, hepatologists, infectious disease specialists, surgeons, and clinical pharmacists to formulate the clinical practice guidance based on comprehensive literature review and experts’ clinical experiences.

Results:

Overall, 10 major guidance statements regarding efficacy and safety of terlipressin in liver cirrhosis were proposed. Terlipressin can be beneficial for the management of cirrhotic patients with acute variceal bleeding and hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). However, the evidence regarding the use of terlipressin in cirrhotic patients with ascites, post-paracentesis circulatory dysfunction, and bacterial infections and in those undergoing hepatic resection and liver transplantation remains insufficient. Terlipressin-related adverse events, mainly including gastrointestinal symptoms, electrolyte disturbance, and cardiovascular and respiratory adverse events, should be closely monitored.

Conclusion:

The current clinical practice guidance supports the use of terlipressin for gastroesophageal variceal bleeding and HRS in liver cirrhosis. High-quality studies are needed to further clarify its potential effects in other liver cirrhosis–related complications.
Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour of the bladder: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Marais Bernard , Eyal Paula , Kesner Ken , John Jeff
Published: May 2022

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumours (IMTs) are rare neoplasms of uncertain malignant potential that closely resemble other more aggressive spindle cell tumours. The distinction of IMT from the latter is of importance. We report a case of IMT in a 27-year-old man who presented with intermittent painless, macroscopic haematuria and was found to have a large bladder mass arising from the dome of the bladder. The tumour was resected transurethrally, and histology and immunohistochemistry were consistent with an IMT of the bladder. Our patient remained asymptomatic at follow-up 3 months later, when cystoscopy noted no regrowth of the residual tumour. Transurethral resection resection of bladder tumour, partial cystectomy and radical cystectomy form the mainstay of treatment of IMT. However, the optimal management of this condition remains uncertain due to the sparsity of reported cases.
Integration of magnetic resonance imaging into prostate cancer nomograms
Authors: Brinkley Garrett J. , Fang Andrew M. , Rais-Bahrami Soroush
Published: May 2022

The decision whether to undergo prostate biopsy must be carefully weighed. Nomograms have widely been utilized as risk calculators to improve the identification of prostate cancer by weighing several clinical factors. The recent inclusion of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) findings into nomograms has drastically improved their nomogram’s accuracy at identifying clinically significant prostate cancer. Several novel nomograms have incorporated mpMRI to aid in the decision-making process in proceeding with a prostate biopsy in patients who are biopsy-naïve, have a prior negative biopsy, or are on active surveillance. Furthermore, novel nomograms have incorporated mpMRI to aid in treatment planning of definitive therapy. This literature review highlights how the inclusion of mpMRI into prostate cancer nomograms has improved upon their performance, potentially reduce unnecessary procedures, and enhance the individual risk assessment by improving confidence in clinical decision-making by both patients and their care providers.
Investigation of healthcare-associated SARS-CoV-2 infection: Learning outcomes from an investigative process in the initial phase of the pandemic
Authors: Ramsay Isobel , Sharrocks Katherine , Warne Ben , Sithole Nyarie , Ravji Pooja , Bousfield Rachel , Jones Nick , Leong Clare E , Suliman Mohamed , Tsui Rachel , Toleman Michelle S , Moody Christine , Smith Richard , Whitehorn James , Gouliouris Theodore , Penciu Florentina , Hofling Christian , Cunningham Chris , Enoch David A , Moore Elinor
Published: May 2022

Background

Healthcare-associated (HCA) SARS-CoV-2 infection is a significant contributor to the spread of the 2020 pandemic. Timely review of HCA cases is essential to identify learning to inform infection prevention and control (IPC) policies and organisational response.

Aim

To identify key areas for improvement through rapid investigation of HCA SARS-CoV-2 cases and to implement change.

Methods

Cases were identified based on date of first positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR sample in relation to date of hospital admission. Cases were reviewed using a structured gap analysis tool to identify key learning points. These were discussed in weekly multidisciplinary meetings to gain consensus on learning outcomes, level of harm incurred by the patient and required actions. Learning was then promptly fed back to individual teams and the organisation.

Findings

Of the 489 SARS-CoV-2 cases admitted between 10th March and 23rd June 2020, 114 suspected HCA cases (23.3%) were reviewed; 58/489 (11.8%) were ultimately deemed to be HCA. Five themes were identified: individual patient vulnerability, communication, IPC implementation, policy issues and organisational response. Adaptations to policies based on these reviews were completed within the course of the initial phase of the pandemic.

Conclusion

This approach enabled timely learning and implementation of control measures and policy development.
Medical interns’ views on the strategies for reducing antibiotic misuse in the hospitals—what guidelines do they follow?
Authors: Sun Kai Sing , Lam Tai Pong , Chan Tak Hon , Lam Kwok Fai , Kwok Kit Wing , Chan Hoi Yan , Ho Pak Leung
Published: May 2022

Objectives

Although the topic of antibiotic misuse is taught in medical schools, interns (fresh medical graduates) still encounter barriers to appropriate antibiotic prescription when they practice in hospitals under supervision. The impact of teaching in medical school, antibiotics stewardship program (ASP), and prescription guidelines was uncertain. This study explored the medical interns’ views on antibiotic use and resistance, and their perceived enablers to appropriate antibiotic prescription.

Methods

Two focus groups were conducted among medical interns with rotation experiences in different public hospitals of Hong Kong. The identified themes about attitudes to antibiotic resistance and enablers to appropriate antibiotic prescription were further examined by a questionnaire survey with 77 respondents.

Results

The interns had lower preferences for tackling antibiotic resistance as they feared of delayed prescriptions. Guidelines provided by international evidence-based clinical resources and the interns’ working hospitals were stronger enablers to appropriate antibiotic use than education materials from schools and the government. Qualitative findings revealed that the interns were aware of the existing ASP but doubted its effectiveness as it failed to get the prescribers’ attention. They followed guidelines in their wards but perceived guidelines from local health authorities user-unfriendly. Knowledge from medical school was not very applicable. Varying prescribing practices between hospitals and the densely placed hospital beds made it difficult to prevent the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Conclusions

Minimizing delayed prescription is of a higher priority than tackling antibiotic resistance in medical interns’ perspective. Interventions should target guidelines in hospitals and simplify the interface of local guidelines.
Yesterday and today: (extra)ordinary records in an area of agrarian reform in Brazil
Authors: Sachs Línlya , Aparecida Paião Cintia , Alves Whendelly LL
Published: May 2022

This paper aims to present two potential instruments that will address the lack of knowledge in regard to the context of students’ reality from teaching professionals in a specific school, these being: a local historiography (record of yesterday), based on oral history; and a reality inventory (record of today), elaborated from the assumptions of action research. Moreover, the objective is to argue the potential they have so as to avoid, on the part of school professionals, the mistake of not knowing the reality of the context of students. To achieve this, we present a brief description of the experiences we have had with these instruments in an area of ​​agrarian reform with the Landless Workers Movement (MST), in southern Brazil. The study concludes with certain characteristics that are involved in the process of creating these instruments in order to achieve their potential, that is the support of local leaders, collaboration with the community, and the connection with the research.
Gout management and outcomes during established COVID-19 pandemic in 2020–2021: a cross-sectional Internet survey
Authors: Singh Jasvinder A. , Edwards N. Lawrence
Published: May 2022

Objective:

To assess the management of gout in established COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

We assessed medication use, health care utilization, gout-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL), psychological distress using Patient Health Questionnaire–4 (PHQ-4), resilience, illness perception, and health literacy in people with physician-diagnosed self-reported gout in established COVID-19 pandemic in a cross-sectional Internet survey.

Results:

Among the 130 survey respondents with gout, the mean age was 62.8 years, 65% were male, 83% were White, 59% were prescribed urate-lowering therapy (ULT), and health literacy was adequate in 80%. A third of survey respondents reported more difficulty with their gout management since September 2020. Gout-specific HRQOL deficits were evident. Moderate-severe psychological distress was seen in 22%, and resilience score was 6.5 [standard deviation (SD), 1.9; range, 0–8]. Adjusted for age and sex, compared with no/mild psychological distress, moderate-severe psychological distress was associated with significantly higher odds ratio (OR; 95% confidence interval) of more difficulty with (1) getting health care for gout in clinic, 3.7 (1.0, 13.2); emergency room/urgent care, 8.1 (1.4, 45.0); and in the hospital, 9.8 (1.6, 59.6); (2) getting gout flares treated, 6.6 (1.6, 26.8); (3) avoiding gout complications, 4.5 (1.2, 16.7); and (4) daily activities at home, 4.2 (1.3, 14.1), and performing work, 4.1 (1.2, 13.6).

Conclusion:

Respondents with gout reported health care gaps, low rates of ULT prescription, high psychological distress, and HRQOL deficits during established COVID-19 pandemic. Moderate-severe psychological distress was associated with difficulties in health care access and gout management. Interventions to address these challenges in gout management are needed.
A Geocultural Power Competition in UNESCO’s Silk Roads Project: China’s Initiatives and the Responses From Japan and South Korea
Authors: Nakano Ryoko
Published: May 2022

Since Chinese President Xi Jinping announced the Belt and Road Initiative in 2013, China has increasingly engaged in UNESCO’s Silk Roads project. China’s emphasis on its western routes signals its strategic interest in the reconstruction of its historical connections that matches China’s global networking in Eurasia, the Middle East, and Europe. However, whether China will successfully reformulate the international visions of the past, present, and future for its benefit remains an open question. This article focuses on the responses from Japan and South Korea, both of which hold critical positions as the owners of eastern Silk Roads heritage and the funders of UNESCO’s Silk Roads heritage studies and World Heritage nomination assistance. Extending the conceptual framework of memory infrastructure to the study of heritage politics and diplomacy highlights the competitive aspect of a transnational heritage project in shaping and reshaping historical and contemporary geographical landscapes.
Patterns and Predictors Associated With Long-Term Glycemic Control in Pediatric and Young Adult Patients with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Jendle Johan , Agvall Björn , Galozy Alexander , Adolfsson Peter
Published: May 2022

Background:

The development of diabetes technology is rapid and requires education and resources to be successfully implemented in diabetes care management.

Method:

In an observational study, we evaluated the use of advanced diabetes technology, resource utilization, and glycemic control. The study population was 725 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) living in Region Halland, Sweden. The study cohort was followed for 7 years between 2013 and 2019.

Results:

Children aged 0 to 17 years were associated with significantly better glucose control than young adults aged 18 to 25 years. The mean HbA1c in children and young adults was 53 mmol/mol (7.0%) compared to 61 mmol/mol (7.7%) ( P < .0001), respectively. Comorbidities such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism, and coelic disease were associated with higher HbA1c. All groups, regardless of age and comorbidity, showed a positive effect on glucose control after visiting a dietitian or psychologist. Differences were found between the age groups in terms of more use of advanced diabetes technology and more frequent visits to a physician in children compared to young adults.

Conclusions:

More frequent visits to physicians, and a visit to dietitians, and psychologists were associated with improved glucose control in individuals with T1D 0 to 25 years. Increased resources, including access to more advanced technologies, may be required in young adults with T1D.
Anti-inflammatory Activities of 7,8-Dihydroxy-4-Methylcoumarin Acetylation Products via NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells
Authors: Lee Kyung-Mi , Park Taejin , Kim Min-Seon , Park Jin-Soo , Chi Won-Jae , Kim Seung-Young
Published: May 2022

Coumarins are phenolic compounds that are characterized by fused benzene and α-pyrone rings. Among coumarin-based compounds, 7,8-dihydroxy-4-methylcoumarin (DHMC) has anti-inflammatory activities, but whether the level of this activity varies according to the degree of acetylation remains unknown. Therefore, we acetylated DHMC to yield monoacetylated 8-acetoxy-4-methylcoumarin (8AMC) and 7,8-diacetoxy-4-methylcoumarin (DAMC). We then compared the anti-inflammatory activities of DHMC with its acetylated derivatives and discovered a novel anti-inflammatory agent. We evaluated whether DHMC, 8AMC, and DAMC could inhibit lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced stimulation in RAW 264.7 cells. We found that DHMC, 8AMC, and DAMC induced a dose-dependent downregulation of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), pro-inflammatory cytokine, inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression at the mRNA and protein levels. Western blotting showed that DHMC, 8AMC, and DAMC inhibited phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, 8AMC was the most effective inhibitor with powerful anti-inflammatory activity. These results indicate that acetylation can improve the anti-inflammatory activity of natural precursors. We also discovered the new anti-inflammatory compounds 8AMC and DAMC.
Saikosaponins: A Review of Structures and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Jia Ao , Yang Xinhe , Zou Bin , Li Jia , Wang Yefeng , Ma Ruixia , Li Juan , Yao Yao
Published: May 2022

Radix Bupleuri is a traditional medicine widely used in China and other Asian countries. Phytochemistry and pharmacology study reveal that saikosaponins(SSs) are the main bioactive compounds in Radix Bupleuri. SSs are complex compounds composed of triterpene aglycone and carbohydrate part containing 1-13 monosaccharides, which can be divided into seven types based on their structural characteristics. Many different kinds of SSs have been isolated from plants of Bupleurum L. SSs show a variety of biological activities, such as central nervous system protection, liver protection, antivirus, anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, hormone-like effects, and immune regulation functions. Due to their broad activity and favorable safety profile, SSs attract an increasing amount of attention in recent years. In this review, the structures of 86 SSs are summarized based on the different aglycones due to the diverse structures of saikosaponin(SS). The pharmacological effects and related mechanism of SSs are thoroughly reviewed, and perspectives for future research are further discussed.
Bioprospecting for Anti-COVID-19 Interventions From African Medicinal Plants: A Review
Authors: Akindele Abidemi J. , Sowemimo Abimbola , Agunbiade Foluso O. , Sofidiya Margaret O. , Awodele Olufunsho , Ade-Ademilua Omobolanle , Orabueze Ifeoma , Ishola Ismail O. , Ayolabi Christianah I. , Salu Olumuyiwa B. , Akinleye Moshood O. , Oreagba Ibrahim A. ,   [ACEDHARS UNILAG COVID-19 Response Team]
Published: May 2022

The emergence of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that emanated from Wuhan in China in 2019 has become a global concern. The current situation warrants ethnomedicinal drug discovery and development for delivery of phytomedicines with potential for the treatment of COVID-19. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed evaluation of available information on plant species used in African traditional medicines with antiviral, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and COVID-19 symptoms relieving effects. Literature from scientific databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google scholar, African Journals OnLine (AJOL), Science Direct, and Web of Science were used for this review. A total of 35 of the 38 reviewed plants demonstrated a wide range of antiviral activities. Bryophyllum pinnatum, Aframomum melegueta, Garcinia kola, Sphenocentrum jollyanum, Adansonia digitata, Sutherlandia frutescens, Hibiscus sabdariffa, Moringa oleifera, and Nigella sativa possess a combination of antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and COVID-19 symptoms relieving activities. Nine, 13, and 10 of the plants representing 23.7%, 34.2%, and 26.3% of the plants studied had antiviral activity with 3 other activities, antiviral activity with 2 other activities, and antiviral with one pharmacological activity alone, respectively. The plants studied were reported to be relatively safe at the subchronic toxicity level, except for 2. The study provides baseline information on the pharmacological activities, toxicity, and chemical components of 9 African medicinal plants with antiviral, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and symptoms relieving activities, thereby making the plants candidates for further investigation for effectiveness against COVID-19.
Calendula officinalis Phytochemicals for the Treatment of Wounds Through Matrix Metalloproteinases-8 and 9 (MMP-8 and MMP-9): In Silico Approach
Authors: Belal Amany , Elanany Mohamed A. , Raafat Mohamed , Hamza Hanan Taher , Mehany Ahmed B. M.
Published: May 2022

Diabetic foot ulceration is a common complication of an uncontrolled diabetic regimen and is considered a serious type of wound. Matrix metalloprteinases (MMPs) are the common key enzymes in wound management, overexpression of MMPs can lead to chronic wounds and ulcers. Calendula officinalis extract has established its efficacy in treating wounds in folk medicine. In this research work, we will focus on the chemical constituents of this promising herb and will investigate its abilities to target matrix metalloprteinase-8 (MMP-8) and matrix metalloprteinase-9 (MMP-9) proteins through the usage of computer-aided drug design tools. In the current study, several promising dual inhibitors are identified, such as quercetin, isoquercetin, isorhamnetin, and isorhamnetin 3-O glycoside, they showed to be good inhibitors for both enzyme subtypes with greater docking score energies than RND-336, which has been reported as a selective MMP-9 inhibitor. Binding scores and amino acid interactions in addition to molecular dynamics (MD) will be discussed in detail through this research work.
Language, Identity, and Racialization: A Trio-Ethnography of Spanish Linguists
Authors: Wheeler Eva Michelle , Schwartz Adam , Ramos Pellicia Michelle
Published: May 2022

Conversations on race and systemic racism have persisted since long before the deaths of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, Ahmaud Arbery and countless other murdered and missing Black, Brown, and Indigenous people. In an ever-enduring global pandemic and following a wave of resistance to racial oppression and violence, U.S. institutions are now facing a reckoning for the ways in which they maintain racialized power dynamics and exacerbate inequities across social sectors. Academic institutions are no exception. This trio-ethnography is simultaneously an interrogation of the current social, cultural, and political moment and an exploration of the many ways that our lived experiences with language, race, and identity intersect in the Academy. As professors of Spanish at a Historically Black University, a Hispanic-Serving Institution, and a Predominantly White Institution we turn to our own experiences, languages, and bodies for deeper study. In this trio-ethnography, we juxtapose the stories we tell and attempt to complicate understandings of the intersections of language, race, and identity in academia. We engage in critical conversations on our intersectional identities and experiences to problematize hegemonic whiteness and its persistent colonization of linguistic practices. We also explore the influence and impact of these forms of practice on our paths to becoming critical scholars of language and race. Our work seeks to engage faculty, administration, and students in dialogue on the ways that hegemonic language ideologies replicate problematic racial power dynamics and exacerbate inequities in the academy and beyond. With this conversation, we hope to facilitate a better understanding of how academic institutions must respond to the call to dismantle their own systems of oppression.
Pain Control and Anxiolysis After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Using Immersive Virtual Reality: A Case Report
Authors: Kardon Adam , Murray Robert S. , Khalid Mazhar , Colloca Luana , Simard J. Marc. , Badjatia Neeraj , Murthi Sarah B. , Morris Nicholas A.
Published: May 2022

Debilitating headache persists after acute aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Despite high prevalence, little is known regarding optimal treatment strategies for SAH-related headache. Nonpharmacologic adjunctive therapies are emerging as tools to help treat pain and limit opioid exposure in the hospital. Virtual reality (VR) is an immersive audiovisual experience that has been shown to reduce pain perception in other patient populations. The role of VR in acute brain injury is unknown. Here we report a patient with SAH who suffered from persistent headache during her hospitalization despite escalation of analgesic pharmacotherapy. A trial of VR was used as an adjunct to medication over four days. The patient reported subjective improvement in pain and anxiety. VR may provide additional analgesia and anxiolysis over pharmacologic measures alone and warrants further study in patients with acute brain injury.
Early Emergent and Progressive Aberrant Subchondral Bone Remodeling Coupled with Aggravated Cartilage Degeneration in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Ye Teng , Xue Feng , Hu Hai , He Zihao , Wang Minqi , Yu Zhifeng , Zhao Bizeng , Chu Linyang
Published: May 2022

Objective

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is the most common skeletal development in children and could result in secondary osteoarthritis. This study aims to clarify the alternations of subchondral trabecular bone remodeling and microstructural properties during the development of DDH, and the potential influence of these alternations on the overlying cartilage degeneration and DDH progression.

Design

Traditional straight-leg swaddling method was adopted to establish DDH model in newborn Sprague Dawley rats. Hip joint specimens from normal or DDH rats were used. Typical features of DDH in radiological examination were observed by x-ray analysis. Micro–computed tomography analysis was applied to evaluate the microstructural properties of subchondral bone at postnatal weeks 2, 4, and 6. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses were adopted to appraise subchondral bone remodeling activity and cartilage degeneration. The associations among subchondral bone, articular cartilage, and DDH severity were analyzed via multiple linear regression analysis.

Results

Compared with control group, the subchondral bone in DDH group displayed a gradual trend of deteriorated microstructure and worsening biomechanical properties along with aberrant bone remodeling, which might be responsible for the inhibition of stress transmission from the articular cartilage to the subchondral bone and thus leading to the cartilage degeneration and accelerated DDH progression.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that alternations of subchondral trabecular bone in a time-dependent manner could contribute to the DDH progression and the amelioration on subchondral bone might be a favorable therapeutic candidate for DDH.
Availability of tracheal shift in the chest X-ray image as pre-treatment evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy
Authors: Ohgaki Fukutaro , Shimizu Nobuyuki , Suenaga Jun , Tateishi Kensuke , Ikegaya Naoki , Suzuki Ryosuke , Yamamura Koji , Yamamoto Tetsuya
Published: May 2022

Background

The use of mechanical thrombectomy (MT) for treatment of acute large vessel occlusion has recently increased. Prompt and timely guiding catheter (GC) induction is necessary to improve prognosis of MT and reduce the time for recanalization. However, difficulties in GC induction are encountered in some patients. This GC induction depends mainly on the aortic arch structure. Therefore, this study focused on assessing presence of tracheal shift on chest X-ray images as pre-treatment evaluation method for GC induction due to its wide availability as an indicator for status of the mediastinum.

Methods:

We retrospectively examined 33 patients who underwent MT at our facilities between April 2017 and March 2021. The patients were divided into two groups according to presence or absence of tracheal shift on chest X-ray images. Background characteristics and treatment courses in these two groups were compared.

Results:

Among 33 patients, tracheal shift was observed on the chest X-ray images of 14 patients. Furthermore, tracheal shift was positively correlated with the time of GC induction (32.9 min vs. 11.6 min, [ p < 0.05]) and the female sex ( p = 0.03). Additionally, tracheal shift exhibited correlations with multiple risk factors of atherosclerosis ( p = 0.04).

Conclusions:

In patients with tracheal shift, GC induction could be expectedly difficult. Therefore, advanced disinfection of the right upper arm and affected side of the neck during MT in preparation for changing an approach route is required.