bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Geomorphological and Historical Elements on Morpho-Evolutive Trends and Relative Sea-Level Changes of Naples Coast in the Last 6000 Years
Authors: Mattei Gaia , Aucelli Pietro , Caporizzo Claudia , Rizzo Angela , Pappone Gerardo
Published: September 2020

This research aims to present new data regarding the relative sea-level variations and related morpho-evolutive trends of Naples coast since the mid-Holocene, by interpreting several geomorphological and historical elements. The geomorphological analysis, which was applied to the emerged and submerged sector between Chiaia plain and Pizzofalcone promontory, took into account a dataset that is mainly composed of: measurements from direct surveys; bibliographic data from geological studies; historical sources; ancient pictures and maps; high-resolution digital terrain model (DTM) from Lidar; and, geo-acoustic and optical data from marine surveys off Castel dell’ Ovo carried out by using an USV (Unmanned Surface Vehicle). The GIS analysis of those data combined with iconographic researches allowed for reconstructing the high-resolution geomorphological map and three new palaeoenvironmental scenarios of the study area during the Holocene, deriving from the evaluation of the relative sea-level changes and vertical ground movements of volcano-tectonic origin affecting the coastal sector in the same period. In particular, three different relative sea-level stands were identified, dated around 6.5, 4.5, and 2.0 ky BP, respectively at +7, −5, and −3 m MSL, due to the precise mapping of several paleo-shore platforms that were ordered based on the altimetry and dated thanks to archaeological and geological interpretations.
Climatic and Anthropogenic Impacts on Environmental Conditions and Phytoplankton Community in the Gulf of Trieste (Northern Adriatic Sea)
Authors: Cozzi Stefano , Cabrini Marina , Kralj Martina , De Vittor Cinzia , Celio Massimo , Giani Michele
Published: September 2020

During the last century, human activities have exerted an increasing pressure on coastal ecosystems, primarily inducing their eutrophication, with a more recent partial mitigation of this phenomenon where improvements of environmental management practices were adopted. However, a reanalysis of the pressures on coastal zones and surrounding drainage basins is needed because of the alterations induced nowadays by the climate changes. A comparative analysis of long-term oceanographic and environmental data series (1986–2018) was performed, in order to highlight the effects of anthropogenic and climatic disturbances on the phytoplankton community in the Gulf of Trieste (GoT). After the 1980s, the decline in phytoplankton abundance was matched to increasing periods of low runoff, an overall deficit of the precipitation and to a decrease in phosphate availability in the coastal waters (−0.003 µmol L−1 yr−1), even in the presence of large riverine inputs of nitrogen and silicates. This trend of oligotrophication was reversed in the 2010s by the beginning of a new and unexpected phase of climatic instability, which also caused changes of the composition and seasonal cycle of the phytoplankton community. Beyond the management of nutrient loads, it was shown that climatic drivers such as seawater warming, precipitation and wind regime affect both nutrient balance and phytoplankton community in this coastal zone.
Municipal Water Consumption and Urban Economic Growth in El Paso
Authors: Pastor Daniel J. , Fullerton Thomas M.
Published: September 2020

This study investigates the nexus between municipal water consumption and economic growth for El Paso, TX, USA. Located in the semi-arid southwestern United States, El Paso water consumption has been the subject of prior economic studies. However, the relationship between water consumption and economic growth has not been previously analyzed for El Paso or any other metropolitan economies in the region. Empirical results indicate that municipal water usage and real personal income are integrated of order one, but are not co-integrated. Given that, a vector autoregression model is estimated and a Granger causality test is performed. Estimation results show unidirectional causation from real income growth to water consumption, indicating that water conservation policies will not inhibit economic growth in this urban economy.
The Impact of Selected Parameters on the Condition of Activated Sludge in a Biologic Reactor in the Treatment Plant in Nowy Targ, Poland
Authors: Nowobilska-Majewska Elwira , Bugajski Piotr
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the condition of activated sludge in the biologic reactor located in the collective wastewater treatment plant in Nowy Targ (Poland) based on OUR tests in the aspect of the impact of sludge’s concentration in the biologic reactor and dependence of BOD5/TN and BOD5/TP in wastewater flowing into the biologic reactor. The analysis was conducted based on test results from 61 samples of activated sludge taken from the biologic reactor and 61 samples of wastewater flowing into the biologic reactor. The analysis included the concentration of sludge in the biologic reactor. The following indicators were analyzed in wastewater flowing into the reactor: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP). The statistical analysis concerning the impact of the analyzed factors on oxygen uptake rate (OUR) tests was developed based on the Pearson’s correlation coefficient and partial correlation of many variables. Based on the results of the partial correlation analysis, nomograms were developed to determine the condition of activated sludge microorganisms (OUR) based on the BOD5/TN and BOD5/TP connection and knowledge of the sludge concentration in the bioreactor of the treatment plant. The presented nomograms can be formulated for each bioreactor based on activated sludge technology related the load of organic and biogenic pollutants in the wastewater flowing into the bioreactor and the concentration of the sludge in the bioreactor.
Treatment and Re-Use of Raw Blackwater by Chlorella vulgaris-Based System
Authors: Segovia Bifarini Marco Antonio , Žitnik Miha , Griessler Bulc Tjaša , Krivograd Klemenčič Aleksandra
Published: September 2020

In this study, we examined a Chlorella vulgaris-based system as a potential solution to change liquid waste, such as blackwater, into valuable products for agriculture while protecting waters from pollution without technical demanding pre-treatment. To evaluate the possibility of nutrient removal and biomass production from raw blackwater, four blackwater dilutions were tested at lab-scale: 50%, 30%, 20%, and 10%. The results showed that even the less diluted raw blackwater was a suitable growth medium for microalgae C. vulgaris. As expected, the optimum conditions were observed in 10% blackwater with the highest growth rate (0.265 d−1) and a nutrient removal efficiency of 99.6% for ammonium and 33.7% for phosphate. However, the highest biomass productivity (5.581 mg chlorophyll-a L−1 d−1) and total biomass (332.82 mg dry weight L−1) were achieved in 50% blackwater together with the highest chemical oxygen demand removal (81%) as a result of the highest nutrient content and thus prolonged growth phase. The results suggested that the dilution factor of 0.5 followed by microalgae cultivation with a hydraulic retention time of 14 days could offer the highest biomass production for the potential use in agriculture and, in parallel, a way to treat raw blackwater from source-separation sanitation systems.
Impacts of Climate and Land-Use Change on Blue and Green Water: A Case Study of the Upper Ganjiang River Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Yongfen , Tang Chongjun , Ye Aizhong , Zheng Taihui , Nie Xiaofei , Tu Anguo , Zhu Hua , Zhang Shiqiang
Published: September 2020

Quantitatively figuring out the effects of climate and land-use change on water resources and their components is essential for water resource management. This study investigates the effects of climate and land-use change on blue and green water and their components in the upper Ganjiang River basin from the 1980s to the 2010s by comparing the simulated changes in blue and green water resources by using a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model forced by five climate and land-use scenarios. The results suggest that the blue water flow (BWF) decreased by 86.03 mm year−1, while green water flow (GWF) and green water storage (GWS) increased by 8.61 mm year−1 and 12.51 mm year−1, respectively. The spatial distribution of blue and green water was impacted by climate, wind direction, topography, and elevation. Climate change was the main factor affecting blue and green water resources in the basin; land-use change had strong effects only locally. Precipitation changes significantly amplified the BWF changes. The proportion of surface runoff in BWF was positively correlated with precipitation changes; lateral flow showed the opposite tendency. Higher temperatures resulted in increased GWF and decreased BWF, both of which were most sensitive to temperature increases up to 1 °C. All agricultural land and forestland conversion scenarios resulted in decreased BWF and increased GWF in the watershed. GWS was less affected by climate and land-use change than GWF and BWF, and the trends in GWS were not significant. The study provides a reference for blue and green water resource management in humid areas.
A Soil Tensile Strength Based Headcut Migration Model of Breach Side Slope
Authors: Liu Zhenzhen , Li Tian , Ding Yuxi , Jiang Shuihua
Published: September 2020

The headcut migration describes the physical process of breach side slope retreat that governs the widening of the breach. Modeling the growth of a breach due to embankment failure is the first step in mapping the resulting inundation in a floodplain. As removal of soil from the toe of the headcut effectively removes physical support for the upper part, the headcut fails on the plane normal to the direction of tensile stress. This process is a typical mode of tensile failure. A numerical model of the headcut migration was established by integrating the effects of the soil tensile strength, soil permeability and embankment geotechnical characteristics. Thus, a simple analytical equation was finally obtained to predict the critical length of the headcut. Furthermore, the presented model was verified by using the limit equilibrium method (LEM) for three typical embankment scales (2, 4 and 6 m high). The comparisons between the present model and the LEM show good agreements. The present model could provide a simple method to predict the critical length of the headcut migration and easily be adopted to breach widening models.
Parallel Hydrological Model Parameter Uncertainty Analysis Based on Message-Passing Interface
Authors: Yin Zhaokai , Liao Weihong , Lei Xiaohui , Wang Hao
Published: September 2020

Parameter uncertainty analysis is one of the hot issues in hydrology studies, and the Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation (GLUE) is one of the most widely used methods. However, the scale of the existing research is relatively small, which results from computational complexity and limited computing resources. In this study, a parallel GLUE method based on a Message-Passing Interface (MPI) was proposed and implemented on a supercomputer system. The research focused on the computational efficiency of the parallel algorithm and the parameter uncertainty of the Xinanjiang model affected by different threshold likelihood function values and sampling sizes. The results demonstrated that the parallel GLUE method showed high computational efficiency and scalability. Through the large-scale parameter uncertainty analysis, it was found that within an interval of less than 0.1%, the proportion of behavioral parameter sets and the threshold value had an exponential relationship. A large sampling scale is more likely than a small sampling scale to obtain behavioral parameter sets at high threshold values. High threshold values may derive more concentrated posterior distributions of the sensitivity parameters than low threshold values.
Groundwater Storage Changes in the Major North African Transboundary Aquifer Systems during the GRACE Era (2003–2016)
Authors: Frappart Frédéric
Published: September 2020

Groundwater is an essential component of the terrestrial water cycle and a key resource for supplying water to billions of people and for sustaining domestic and economic (agricultural and industrial) activities, especially in arid and semi-arid areas. The goal of this study is to analyze the recent groundwater changes which occurred in the major North African transboundary aquifers in the beginning of the 21st century. Groundwater storage anomalies were obtained by removing soil moisture in the root zone (and surface water in the case of the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer System) from the terrestrial water storage anomalies estimated using the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) over the 2003–2016 time period. Spatio-temporal changes in groundwater storage contrast significantly among the different transboundary aquifers. Low changes (lower than 10 km3) were observed in the Tindouf Aquifer System but they were found to be highly correlated (R = 0.74) to atmospheric fluxes (precipitation minus evapotranspiration, P − ET) at annual scale. The GRACE data revealed huge water loss in the North Western Sahara and the Nubian Sandstone Aquifer Systems, above 30 km3 and around 50 km3, respectively. In the former case, the aquifer depletion can be attributed to both climate (R = 0.67 against P − ET) and water abstraction, and only to water abstraction in the latter case. The increase in water abstraction results from an increase in irrigated areas and population growth. For these two aquifers, a deceleration in the water loss observed after 2013 is likely to be attributed either to an increase in rainfall favoring rain-fed agriculture or to measures taken to reduce the over-exploitation of the groundwater resources.
Environmental Flows in the Lower Ebro River and Delta: Current Status and Guidelines for a Holistic Approach
Authors: Ibáñez Carles , Caiola Nuno , Belmar Oscar
Published: September 2020

Deltas are a particular type of estuarine system in which the dependence on river flow (water, sediments and nutrients) is very strong, especially in river-dominated deltas such as the Mediterranean ones, but environmental flow (e-flow) proposals for deltaic systems are scarce. The Ebro Delta is one of the largest wetland areas in the western Mediterranean and one of the most important estuarine systems in Europe. The aim of this paper is to review the state of the art regarding e-flows and to carry out a critical analysis of the proposals for the lower Ebro River and Delta, in order to highlight the possible environmental and socioeconomic impacts arising from the e-flow regime currently approved. Additionally, based on existing scientific information, methods to establish an e-flow regime that allows the maintenance of the main socio-ecological functions and values are discussed; including those functions and values for which not enough information is available. The study concludes that the currently approved e-flows are not suitable for maintaining most functions and values, as they would not prevent the proliferation of alien fish species and macrophytes in the river, the intrusion of the salt wedge in the estuary, the deficit of sediment/nutrient transport and the degradation of riparian habitats or the decline of coastal fisheries. Socioeconomic consequences on coastal fisheries, river navigation, salt water intrusion, sediment deficit, biodiversity, water quality, aquaculture and hydropower are also considered. Other e-flow proposals such as the proposed by the Catalan government would be more suitable to maintain the main socioecological functions and values of the lower Ebro River and Delta. Nevertheless, additional studies are needed to validate e-flows in some relevant aspects such as the capacity of the river to transport sediments to the delta to avoid coastal regression and mitigate the effects of sea level rise and subsidence, as well as the capacity of floods to control the spread of macrophytes. The lower Ebro River and delta is among the case studies where more quantitative and qualitative criteria to set e-flows with a holistic approach have been established.
Application of HEC-RAS (2D) for Flood Hazard Maps Generation for Yesil (Ishim) River in Kazakhstan
Authors: Ongdas Nurlan , Akiyanova Farida , Karakulov Yergali , Muratbayeva Altynay , Zinabdin Nurlybek
Published: September 2020

The use of hydraulic models for carrying out flood simulations is a common practice globally. The current study used HEC-RAS (2D) in order to simulate different flood scenarios on the River Yesil (Ishim). Comparison of different mesh sizes (25, 50 and 75 m) indicated no significant difference in model performance. However, a significant difference was observed in simulation time. In addition, the inclusion of breaklines showed that there was a slight improvement in model performance and a shortening of the simulation time. Sensitivity analysis and the consequent manual calibration of sensitive parameters resulted in a slight improvement (an increase in the model accuracy from 58.4% for uncalibrated to 59.7% for calibrated). Following the simulations inundation maps for 10-, 20- and 100-year flood events were obtained. Hazard classification of the flood extents generated indicated that the settlements of Zhibek Zholy and Arnasay were flooded in all the simulated events. Volgodonovka village experienced flooding when a 100-year flood event was simulated. On the other hand, settlement No. 42 did not experience any flooding in any of the scenarios. The model results also demonstrate that the Counter-Regulator was not overtopped in the event of the 100-year hydrograph.
Climate Change Impacts on Water and Agriculture Sectors in Southern Africa: Threats and Opportunities for Sustainable Development
Authors: Nhemachena Charles , Nhamo Luxon , Matchaya Greenwell , Nhemachena Charity R. , Muchara Binganidzo , Karuaihe Selma T. , Mpandeli Sylvester
Published: September 2020

Agriculture remains important in driving economic transformation, sustainable livelihoods, and development in developing countries. This paper provides a comprehensive analysis and discussion of climate change impacts on water and agriculture sectors and implications for the attainment of developmental outcomes such as food security, poverty reduction, and sustainable development in Southern Africa. The review gives policy messages for coping, adapting, and building resilience of water and agricultural production systems in the face of projected changes in climate and variability. The aim is to guide the region towards the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals. Future projections for Southern Africa indicate reduced rainfall, increased temperatures, and high variability for the greater part of the region with severe reductions on the drier and marginal western parts. These impacts have profound implications for agriculture performance and contribution to national and regional developmental goals. The region is projected to experience reductions of between 15% and 50% in agricultural productivity, a scenario that would exacerbate food insecurity in the region. The challenge is to increase productivity on current arable land through efficient and sustainable management of available water and energy, and at the same time reducing pressure on the environment. Affordability and accessibility of innovative adaptation measures on water resources remain critical and these strategies should be part of broader sustainable development efforts. Overall, efforts to enhance agricultural productivity need to emphasise investments in sustainable management and use of water and energy resources in agriculture to achieve sustainable economic growth and livelihoods.
Effect of Diverse Abiotic Conditions on the Structure and Biodiversity of Ichthyofauna in Small, Natural Water Bodies Located on Agricultural Lands
Authors: Brysiewicz Adam , Czerniejewski Przemysław , Bonisławska Małgorzata
Published: September 2020

Mid-field natural ponds promote regional biodiversity, providing alternative habitats for many valuable animal species. The study’s objective was to determine the most important abiotic factors, including hydrochemical and morphometric parameters, affecting fish occurrence in natural, small water bodies on agricultural lands. The studies were conducted in nine randomly selected water bodies located in Poland (the North European Plain). Eleven species of fish were recorded in the waterbodies, with the most abundant being cyprinids (mainly crucian carp). Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that an increase in oxygenation, temperature, amount of macrophytes, and K concentration and a decrease in the concentration of phosphates, electrical conductivity (EC), Mg, and Cl is associated with the most beneficial living conditions for the most frequently occurring species in the studied water bodies—crucian carp and tench. Aside from the hydrochemical parameters of water in the natural ponds, the number of fish correlates with the basin area and the pond area, maximum depth, area of the buffer zone surrounding the water bodies, and the number of macrophytes. This last factor also has a significant influence on the species’ abundance in the water bodies. Fish occurrences in mid-field ponds and common knowledge on their important role in the environment require taking steps to provide fish protection.
The Role of Sewer Network Structure on the Occurrence and Magnitude of Combined Sewer Overflows (CSOs)
Authors: Reyes-Silva Julian , Bangura Emmanuel , Helm Björn , Benisch Jakob , Krebs Peter
Published: September 2020

Combined sewer overflows (CSOs) prevent surges in sewer networks by releasing untreated wastewater into nearby water bodies during intense storm events. CSOs can have acute and detrimental impacts on the environment and thus need to be managed. Although several gray, green and hybrid CSO mitigation measures have been studied, the influence of network structure on CSO occurrence is not yet systematically evaluated. This study focuses on evaluating how the variation of urban drainage network structure affects the frequency and magnitude of CSO events. As a study case, a sewer subnetwork in Dresden, Germany, where 11 CSOs are present, was selected. Scenarios corresponding to the structures with the lowest and with the highest number of possible connected pipes, are developed and evaluated using long-term hydrodynamic simulation. Results indicate that more meshed structures are associated to a decrease on the occurrence and magnitude of CSO. Event frequency reductions vary between 0% and 68%, while reduction of annual mean volumes and annual mean loads ranged between 0% and 87% and 0% and 92%. These rates were mainly related to the additional sewer storage capacity provided in the more meshed scenarios, following a sigmoidal behavior. However, increasing network connections causes investment costs, therefore optimization strategies for selecting intervention areas are needed. Furthermore, the present approach of reducing CSO frequency may provide a new gray solution that can be integrated in the development of hybrid mitigation strategies for the CSO management.
Pediatrik Populasyonda Foramen Mentale Lokalizasyonunun Üç Boyutlu Bilgisayarlı Tomografi İle Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: BARLAK Hatice Bircan , TURAMANLAR Ozan , ÖZER GÖKASLAN Çiğdem , ERYİĞİT Özlem , OFLU Ayşe Tolunay
Published: September 2020

Giriş: Foramen mentale, corpus mandibulae’nın ön yüzünde bulunan anatomik oluşumdur. Foramen mentale’nin lokalizasyonu ve tespiti, dental işlemler, endotontik tedaviler, implant uygulamaları, premolar bölgedeki cerrahi işlemler ve lokal anestezinin tam olarak yapılabilmesi açısından önemlidir. Foramen mentale’nin yeri ırklara, kişiden kişiye ve yaşlanmayla değiştiği belirtilmiştir. Amacımız, pediatrik populasyonda foramen mentale’nin lokalizasyonunu bilmek ve yaş, cinsiyet ve yerleşimine (sağ/sol) göre canlı kişilerde üç boyutlu bilgisayarlı tomografi kullanarak değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu çalışma, retrospektif olarak herhangi bir nedenle kraniyal bilgisayarlı tomografisi çekilmiş yaş ortalaması 9,11 (±2,70) olan 99 bireylerin görüntüleri üzerinde yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda foramen mentale’den, alveoler krest noktasına (E1) kadar yaptığımız ölçümlerin otalaması 12,5±2,7 mm, foramen mentale’nin alt kenar boşluğundan, mandibula’nın alt sınırındaki noktaya (E2) kadar yaptığımız ölçümlerin ortalaması 9,1±1,8 mm, foramen mentale’nin medial kenarından, symphysis menti noktasına (E3) kadar yaptığımız ölçümlerin ortalaması 21,4±1,9 mm, foramen mentale’nin lateral kenarından, ramus posterior sınırındaki noktasına (E4) kadar yaptığımız ölçümlerin ortalamasını 46,4±4,4 mm saptadık. Kız-erkek ve sağ-sol karşılaştırmalarında anlamlı bir fark yoktu. Yaş ile E2, E3, E4 ölçümleri ve arasında pozitif yönde korelasyon bulundu. Yaş ile sağ E1 arasında ise negatif yönde korelasyon tespit edildi. Sonuç: Pediatrik populasyonda foramen mentale lokalizasyonun tam olarak bilinmesi premolar bölgede yapılacak olan cerrahi uygulamalarda, anestezi uygulamalarında komplikasyonların azaltılması açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir.
IDENTIFIKASI KEDALAMAN INTRUSI AIR LAUT DI DESA BASSIANG KECAMATAN PONRANG SELATAN KABUPATEN LUWU MENGGUNAKAN METODE GEOLISTRIK
Authors: Jusmi Fitri , Bakri Kurnia
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kedalaman intrusi air laut ke aquifer berdasarkan nilai resistivitas hasil deteksi menggunakan metode geolistrik konfigurasi schlumberger di Desa Bassiang Kecamatan Ponrang Selatan Kabupaten Luwu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survey lapangan dengan pengambilan data dilakukan pada 3 titik lintasan menggunakan metode geolistrik resistivitas konfigurasi schlumberger. Akuisisi data lapangan dianalisis dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak microsoft excel untuk memperolah nilai resisitivitas semu dan kemudian diolah menggunakan software IP2WIN untuk memperoleh nilai tahanan jenis yang sebenarnya. Hasil nilai resistivitas sebenarnya yang telah diperoleh dari 3 titik lintasan pengukuran kemudian dikorelasikan untuk menampilkan gambaran penampang tahanan jenis 2D daerah penelitian yang digunakan untuk mempermudah penginterpretasian data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa intrusi air laut ke akuifer air tanah terjadi pada lintasan 1 mulai dari kedalaman 10,84–18,92 meter dan lintasan 3 yang semua lapisannya telah terserap oleh air laut. Kemudian untuk lintasan 2 sendiri intrusi air laut ke akuifer air tanah tidak ditemukan sehingga daerah pada lintasan 2 adalah yang paling baik digunakan oleh masyarakat dalam pembuatan sumur sebagai solusi dari masalah air bersih. Kata kunci: intrusi, aquifer, resistivitas, schlumberger
COVID-19 PANDEMİSİNDE YAPAY ZEKANIN KULLANIMI
Authors: Öznur Muz Feyza Nehir , Kılınç Ali , Önsüz Muhammed Fatih
Published: September 2020

2019 yılının başından itibaren tüm dünyayı sarsan COVID-19 salgınının hızla yayılarak pandemiye dönüşmesinin ardından alınacak önlemler ve yapılacak çalışmaların ne denli önemli olduğu görüldü. Günümüz teknolojisi olan yapay zekadan sağlık ile ilgili konularda başta pandemi olmak üzere nasıl yararlanılabileceği tartışıldı. Yapay zekanın bu çalışmalarda bazı kısıtlamaları olmasına rağmen sağlayacağı yararların; sosyal ve ekonomik zararları minimumda tutan, öngörüsü yüksek, temel sağlık hizmetlerini destekleyici politikalar yürütülmesine de olanak sağlayacağı vurgulandı.
Interpersonal Meaning Analysis in the Taleâ€™s Story of Sabai Nan Aluih
Authors: Uswar Yenita , Andriani Nova
Published: September 2020

Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) is a study of language which views language as two characteristics, systemic and functional. With using SFL, the researchers try to analyze the taleâ€™s story of Sabai Nan Aluih. The research aim is to identify the interpersonal meaning realized in that story and to reveal the speech function of language use in that story. The research design of this analysis is descriptive qualitative research. The object of this research is the interpersonal meaning analysis of clauses as exchange in the tale of Sabai Nan Aluih. The data of this research is the clauses as exchange in the story of Sabai Nan Aluih. The source of data which is used in this research is the documentation of the data research paper. The researchers use document analysis from the story of Sabai Nan Aluih as collecting data. The data is analyzed by using description method. In the interpersonal analysis, declarative mood dominates almost the story, it is about 91 %. And, the data analysis of speech function is found in the story of Sabai Nan Aluih, statement, question and command, in where statement is domination from the story about 94%. Thus, it is important that the using of interpersonal meaning and the speech function of the story of Sabai Nana Aluih is as information
Czetz János nyomában Argentínában
Authors: Siposné Kecskeméthy Klára
Published: September 2020

Czetz János – Juan Fernando Czetz (1822–1904), az 1848–1849-es forrada-lom és szabadságharc kiemelkedő személyisége, az erdélyi hadsereg vezérkari főnöke és ideiglenes főparancsnoka a világosi fegyverletétel után külföldre menekült, és több mint négy évtizeden keresztül élt Argentínában. A Colegio Militar de la Nación katonai oktatási intézmény alapítója és első parancsnoka volt. Czetz János, aki példaértékű eltökéltséget mutatott, bárhová vetette is a sors, két országban nyújtott kiemelkedő teljesítményt. Argen-tínában általános tiszteletnek örvend, személye országokat, kontinenseket és népeket köt össze, hiszen kapocs Magyarország és Argentína között, valamint a székelyek, az örmények és az argentinok között is.
Területvédelmi elméletek és koncepciók – a területvédelem szerepe korunk biztonságpolitikai környezetében
Authors: Molnár Gábor
Published: September 2020

Az utóbbi években a területvédelem kérdése, mint védelmi stratégiai koncepció, számos európai országban lett vita tárgya. Ennek oka, hogy több európai – köztük NATO-tag – országban a területvédelem már hosszú ideje az országvédelmi stratégia fontos részét képezi, míg másutt a közelmúltban vált aktuális kérdéssé. A téma kutatói között azonban koránt sincs egyetértés abban, hogy a területvédelem pontosan milyen feladatrendszert is jelent, illetve, hogy a területvédelem milyen szerepet játszhat korunk megváltozott biz-tonságpolitikai környezetében. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy röviden ismertesse azokat az elméleteket, illetve koncepciókat, melyek a NATO-tagországokban működő, illetve jelenleg szervezés alatt álló területvédelmi rendszerek kialakítását meghatározhatják.
A Magyar Honvédség Parancsnokságának információmenedzsment-rendszere
Authors: Kokics István László
Published: September 2020

Az információmenedzsment napjainkban nagyon divatos kifejezéssé vált, de az már kevésbé ismert, hogy a jól kialakított rendszer mennyire meg tudja könnyíteni a katonai szervezet parancsnokának döntéshozatalát. A szerző értelmezi az információ és az információmenedzsment fogalmát, majd részletesen feldolgozza a katonai szervezet információmenedzsment-rendszerének jelenlegi elemeit, és javaslatot tesz a folyamatok pontosítására és módosítására.
Displacement Analysis of RC Frames and its Seismic Performance Appraisal
Authors:   Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Alakh Prakash Goyal Shimla University, Mehli, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India., Farahmand Ahmad Farhad , Bhartesh  ,   Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Alakh Prakash Goyal Shimla University, Mehli, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India., Qammer Sayed Shuaib ,   Assistant professor and HOD, Department of Civil Engineering, Al Beroni University, Kohistan, Afghanistan.
Published: September 2020

In India when structure engineer’s analysis and design a structure like buildings, they are checking it for displacement because of safety and control of damages; so in this paper a set of frames with different height of reinforced moment resisting frames were analyzed by two popular methods of performance-based plastic design method and direct displacement-based design method. For calculation of base shear, the IS code has been used in both methods and ETABS software used for seismic performance evaluation by nonlinear static pushover analysis. The results of analysis with different methods compared by suitable parameters and graphs, such as: (a) story lateral force, (b) beam seismic moment, (c) displacement profile and (d) capacity curve. Results show acceptable performance in 2 methods in terms of capacity and deformation.
Utilization of Grid Neural Network Model and RT PCR test to detect the COVID 19 Patients and to avoid the Spreading of SARS CoV 2
Authors:   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya Haridwar (U.K), India., Kumar Ajendra , Singh Preet Pal ,   Department of Mathematics, Pt. L.M.S. (P.G) College, Rishikesh (U.K), India., Sharma Dipa ,   Department of Mathematics, S.D.M. Government (P.G) College, Doiwala (U.K), India., Joshi Pawan ,   Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Gurukula Kangri Vishwavidyalaya, Haridwar (U.K), India.
Published: September 2020

In December 2019, a new virus, also named a novel coronavirus, started as an emerging pathogen for humans and resulted in a pandemic. World Health Organization (WHO) called this novel coronavirus as COVID-19 on 11 February 2020, and the virus responsible for causing COVID-19 is SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2), which is a positive-stranded RNA virus. This paper proposed an artificial neural network model in a grid computing system to identify COVID-19 patients. It can help us to identify the suspected patients and shortlist those patients who need to check by the RT-PCR test kit. The purpose of this research is to increase the time efficiency to test those patients, which has a higher chance of getting affected by COVID-19. Increasing the time efficiency in this type of pandemic situation can make a huge impact on reducing the fatality rate. This is because, according to ICMR, 1,191,946 samples have been tested as of 5 May, and 46,433 individuals have been confirmed positive. It means that only 3.85% of persons get positive results and 96.15% persons with a negative result. It implies that the time to test this 96.15% of cases is wasted. Hence we aim to detect the COVID-19 patients in less time and utilize this large amount of time to test those at higher risk of being affected by this epidemic (COVID-19). This model will also help those countries to overcome the problem of the shortage of this type of test kits such as – RT-PCR.
IoT Based Underground Drainage Monitoring System
Authors:   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India., G Chandhini , B Chithra ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India., P Kiruthikadevi ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India., sasi Bhagya ,   Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India., Kumar Prof. V. Kamal ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, India.
Published: September 2020

Underground drainage monitoring system plays an important role in keeping the cities clean and healthy. Compared to other countries, India consists of highest number of sewage workers. Exposure of sewage workers to poisonous gases like hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, ammonia, nitrogen oxide increases the death of the sewage workers. The main aim of this project is to design a network system which helps in monitoring poisonous gases present in sewage. Whenever the gas level crosses the threshold value, the information with different gas ppm values is displayed in the smart phone through the app. It also indicates whether it is safe for the manual scavengers to work in the environment or not.
CLINICO-EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROFILE OF BRAIN ABSCESS- A SINGLE CENTER STUDY
Authors: Singh Jagminder , Garg Monique , Sobti Shivender , Choudhary Ajay , Kaur Rupinder
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION: The overall incidence of bacterial brain abscess has remained relatively constant despite improved treatment of underlying systemic infections and development of more effective antibiotics. The systemic antibiotics are generally given for 6-8 weeks. The Choice of surgery varies from stereotactic aspiration /open surgical method including twist drill aspiration, burr hole aspiration with or without drainage, small craniectomy with aspiration and drainage to craniotomy and excision of abscess. The purpose of this article is to share authors’ experience regarding clinico epidemiological profile of brain abscess.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Total 30 patients with brain abscess who presented to the Department of Neurosurgery, PGIMER Dr. RML Hospital Delhi, from November 2016 to April 2018 analyzed for clinical, epidemiological, microbiological profile of brain abscess patients along with modes of treatment and their outcome.
RESULTS: Total 30 patients of Brain Abscess were evaluated with males outnumbering females. Predominated symptoms were fever (96.7%), headache (83.3%) and nausea and vomiting (40%). The chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) was predominately underlying factor in 18 patients i.e. (60%) and commonest organism isolated was streptococcus pneumonia (66.6%) followed by streptococcus Milleri (33.33%). The length of hospital stay was longer in aspiration group {21.2 days (SD ± 4.1)} compared to excision group {13 days (SD ± 1.1)}. Total 20 (66.7%) patients survived, 2 (6.7%) patients died and 8 (26.7%) were lost to follow up.
CONCLUSION: Majority of time there is an underlying factor for brain abscess. The treatment of brain abscess involves both medical and surgical modalities. Third generation cephalosporins and metronidazole are the most commonly used antimicrobial agents in the treatment of brain abscesses. The length of hospital stay in excision group was less as compared to medical group and aspiration group.
UNUSUAL CASE OF ANAEMIA IN ADULT MALE
Authors: Cheke Dnyaneshwar S , Desai Isha , Ingole Jitendra
Published: September 2020

A case of Anaemia which was investigated and found to be a case of Acquired Pure Red Cell Aplasia. Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a syndrome defined by a normocytic normochromic anaemia with severe reticulocytopenia and marked reduction or absence of erythroid precursors from the bone marrow. It is commonly due to primary autoimmune or infection and secondary to myeloproliferative disorder. In this discussion we are presenting a case of normocytic normochromic anaemia which was admitted to our hospital after being investigated and treated several times outside. On extensive workup, we diagnosed the case as PRCA secondary to Thymoma and initiated the appropriate management.
EVALUATION OF IMPACT OF COMBINED ORTHODONTIC AND ORTHOGNATHIC TREATMENT PROCEDURES ON THE LIFE QUALITY OF PATIENTS WITH SKELETAL MALOCCLUSION
Authors: Raveendran Ranjith , S Saju N , Nath Sameera G
Published: September 2020

Background: The number of patients undergoing combined orthodontic treatment and orthognathic surgery is increasing. Hence, this study aimed to examine the impact of combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment procedures on the life quality of patients with skeletal malocclusion.
Materials and methods: 15 patients who had to undergo combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatment procedures were subjected to 22-item Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire customised for the study. The questions were grouped into 4
domains – aesthethic, awareness, pschyological and social domains. They were assessed in three time lines - rst when they are explained and made aware of the treatment plan (T0), T1 when the orthodontic treatment is almost complete, and the
patient is made ready for orthognathic surgery, then 6 months after the completion of the combined orthodontic-orthognathic surgery (T2).
Results: Out of 15 patients, 9 were females and 6 were males between the age of 18-25 years. As the treatment progressed changes were noted in the patient's attitude. During T1 signicant change was observed in functional outcome – chewing. At T2 signicant changes were observe in esthetic, functional, social and psychological components (p<0.001). The treatment outcome did create a positive change in the patients by correcting their skeletal and dental abnormalities.
Conclusion: The esthetic, functional, social and psychological outcomes of patients who have undergone combined orthodontic and orthognathic treatments are better post operatively.
DETERMINANTS OF DIVIDEND PAYOUT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF NIFTY-100 FIRMS
Authors: Dr. Chinnaiah.P.M
Published: September 2020

Dividend decision is one of crucial decisions a manager has to take. It deals with either to retain or distribution of earnings. Though there are large number of researches have been conducted on the determinants of dividend payout, they have come up with different determinants of dividend payout. Some of these are common across industries and some are different from industry to industry and vary from one country to another. Since Nifty-100 index is one of the widely diversified and which covers more than 70 percent of market capitalization of overall firms listed on the NSE as on march 2009. Hence, a research on the determinants of dividend payout of Nifty- 100 index firms help to generalize the determinants of dividend payout in the Indian market. Thus, it will be an additional input to the theory of dividend policies. In present study, it is found that, lagged dividend and growth opportunities significantly influence dividend payout of Nifty 100 index firms.
Arte de muerte y vida
Authors: Irarrázaval Diego
Published: September 2020

La sensibilidad artística de la población andina señala su porvenir y el de la humanidad. Ante la mundialización de algunos comportamientos humanos (y la exclusión de otros), un pueblo ejerce su libertad al ser como es y, por consiguiente, al ser diferente. Esta libertad ha caracterizado a las comunidades andinas. Voy a detenerme en dos dimensiones: el arte cotidiano en torno a la muerte-vida y algunas elaboraciones en torno a la violencia-paz. Al examinar estos lenguajes nos preguntamos qué dicen sobre el porvenir no sólo de estos pueblos sino del conjunto de los seres humanos.
Energización
Authors: Oliveros Alfredo
Published: September 2020

Tradicionalmente, y en particular en época de elecciones, los gobiernos de turno (y candidatos) ofrecen "electrificar" extendiendo redes eléctricas o instalando grupos estacionarios para resolver los problemas energéticos en muchas poblaciones del interior del país, sin analizar que existen mejores opciones. Esta predisposición se expresa luego en prácticas que no han dejado una experiencia satisfactoria en nuestros países (Park, 1988; Oliveros, 1991; Clave, 1988; ITDG, 1988).
Integración para el desarrollo
Authors: Díaz Palacios Julio
Published: September 2020

The theme of the transoceanic highway is one of the most recurrent in the dialogue of those who are interested in the integration of Latin America, but particularly in the integration of Peru with Brazil, as an expression of a more creative and effective foreign policy. This is more evident in the southern Peruvian macro region, especially in the Andean jungle, Andean and coastal South. However, it is necessary to order and clarify ideas and proposals in order to help make the most convenient decisions for our two countries.
Mitos quechuas en las crónicas
Authors: Nagy Silvia
Published: September 2020

Desde tiempos inmemorables el hombre lleva dentro el deseo de conocer el mundo y las leyes de su funcionamiento. Este deseo de rerum congnoscere causas ha impulsado la creación de mitos, especialmente los mitos sobre el origen del mundo y el origen del hombre, que, en muchos casos, se encuentran unidos. En varias culturas, los mitos de origen incluyen el motivo del diluvio. Originalmente, el propósito del presente artículo iba a ser el análisis comparado de la función del diluvio en la cultura judeo-cristiana y en la de los incas.
El sentimiento localista en tres ciudades del sur
Authors: Romero Emilio
Published: September 2020

Al glosar la vida de estas ciudades hay otro tema sugestivo interés: el momento en que nace la idea de la patria. Pero antes de que germinara esta idea, precedió un sentimiento que es digno de estudiarlo, porque fue un sentimiento característico de estas ciudades y del que existen sugestivos ejemplos en las crónicas urbanas. Tal sentimiento es el localismo, de donde nació en primer sentimiento nacional. Pasados los primeros años de la conquista, nació un nuevo patriotismo, un sentimiento nuevo.
La conciencia y la voluntad
Authors: Speckman Guerra Elisa
Published: September 2020

Durante los años que siguieron al descubrimiento de América, los conquistadores adquirieron poder absoluto sobre las nuevas tierras. A los monarcas españoles les resultó difícil hacer respetar su autoridad en tan lejanas posesiones. Para lograrlo tuvieron que emprender una larga batalla contra los poderes locales; su arma principal fue el cuerpo legal, integrado por medidas que limitaban la extensión territorial y temporal de las encomiendas, además de restringuir el acceso de los encomenderos al trabajo y el tributo indígenas.
Tiempo amerindio
Authors: Irarrázaval Diego
Published: September 2020

En los años y siglos venideros, como católicos latinoamericanos enfrentaremos inmensas exigencias: la globalización económico-cultural y el endémico empobrecimiento, multitudes indiferentes ante lo eclesial, sincretismos, mercado de ofertas religiosas y apertura a mundos asiáticos (que son no sólo mayorías cuantitativas, sino también cualificados interlocutores en la reflexión interreligiosa de la fe). De cara a todo esto, en América Latina cabe reafirmar nuestras realidades originarias. En este escrito retomo la cuestión del "tiempo". No es un asunto esotérico ni vale idealizar lo autóctono, se trata más bien de fortalecer hoy el ser amerindio y así caminar hacia el porvenir saludable de toda la humanidad. En términos teológico, interesa ver la "historia de salvación" con ojos y ritmos amerindios.
El diario El Comercio de Cusco
Authors: Calvo C. Rossano
Published: September 2020

En 1996, el diario El Comercio, de Cusco, conmemoraba un centenario de su creación. Se pensó, con este motivo, hacer una revisión de sus crónicas con la finalidad de revalorar la labor periodística realizada en estos 100 años. Mi participación en este proyecto estuvo centrada en los aspectos locales y regionales referidos en sus crónicas. Estas poseen un gran valor testimonial para analizar el pulso de la historia urbana de Cusco y el "cusqueñismo", pero sobre todo para comprender adecuadamente la labor del periodismo y de unos de los periódicos más destacados de Cusco, una de las urbes andinas más importantes del país.
¿Rostros de mujer?
Authors: Rago Margareth
Published: September 2020

Una mañana de 1982, interesada en saber cómo los anarquistas entendían el "amor libre", fui a investigar a la Biblioteca Nacional de Rio de Janeiro, donde me encontré con la siguiente indicación en el fichero: "amor libre - véase prostitución". Descubrí así que la prostitución tenía una historia, a pesar de ser considerada "la profesión más antigua del mundo", y que mucho de esa historia había sido hecho no sólo por los personajes característicos del mundo bohemio —prostitutas, "matronas", gigolós, clientes-, sino también por los médicos higienistas y criminólogos, autores de innumerables tesis y tratados científicos sobre las "perversiones sexuales" y la sexualidad en general.