bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Digital therapeutics-based lifestyle intervention for gestational diabetes mellitus prevention of high-risk pregnant women: a study protocol for a non-randomised controlled trial
Authors: Lin Lihua , Dong Jiayi , Wang Youxin , Song Libin , Ye Xiaoyan , Chen Xingying , Miao Chong , Lin Juan
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Digital therapeutics have been approved as a treatment aid for various medical conditions and are increasingly prevalent. Despite numerous studies on the potential of digital therapeutic interventions in preventing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), there is a critical need for more high-quality, large-scale studies to validate their effectiveness. This need arises from the inconsistencies in results and variations in the quality of previous research.

Methods and analysis

We propose a non-randomised controlled trial involving 800 high-risk pregnant women in 6 maternity and child health hospitals in Fujian, China. This study aims to investigate the role and effectiveness of digital therapeutics-based lifestyle intervention in managing the health of pregnant women at high risk for GDM. The study will compare the differences in GDM prevalence, pregnancy weight management and other pregnancy-related health outcomes between pregnant women who received digital therapeutics-based lifestyle intervention and those in the control group. The intervention includes dietary guidance, a personalised physical activity programme and lifestyle improvement strategies delivered through a smartphone app. Primary outcomes include the incidence of GDM at 24–28 weeks gestation and gestational weight gain (GWG). Secondary outcomes comprise improvements in individual lifestyle and risk factors, nutritional issues, implementation outcomes and other pregnancy-related outcomes.

Ethics and dissemination section

The trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (approval number: 2023KY046), Jianyang Maternity and Child Health Hospital (approval number: A202401), Fuqing Maternity and Child Health Hospital (approval number: FY2024003), Changting Maternity and Child Health Hospital (approval number: 202401), Datian Maternity and Child Health Hospital (approval number: dtfy202401) and Quanzhou Maternity and Child Health Hospital (approval number: 2024(50)). We will disseminate our findings by publishing articles in leading peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

ChiCTR2300071496.
Formative qualitative research on the potential for digital solutions to address diabetes care gaps in Tanzania and Sri Lanka
Authors: Jackson-Morris Angela M , Calopietro Michael J , Krishnamurthy Reddiar Sumithra , Kataria Ishu , Ramaiya Kaushik , Sumanathilleke Manilka R , Wickramasinghe Champika , Salum Bakari , Ubuguyu Omary , Ngilangwa David P , Shayo Festo K , Sinnathamby Vijayapala , Sandunika de Silva Appu Hennedi Totahewage Lihini
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Diabetes care remains unavailable and unaffordable for many people. Adapting models of care to low-income and middle-income country contexts is a priority. Digital technology offers substantial potential yet must surmount health system, technological and acceptability issues. This formative research aimed to identify the potential for a digital technology solution (Diabetes Compass) to address diabetes care gaps in primary healthcare.

Design

Qualitative research was conducted in selected districts of Sri Lanka and Tanzania with practitioners, patients and family members. In-depth interviews assessed how digital solutions may improve diabetes care, acceptability and usability; contextual and clinical observations identified practitioner clinical competencies, strengths and weaknesses, and the influence of the care environment on service delivery; and workshop discussions explored strategies to encourage digital solution uptake and sustain use.

Setting

The research was undertaken in 2022 at nine health facilities in Sri Lanka’s Southern Province (Galle), and 16 health facilities in Tanzania’s Lindi and Pwani Regions.

Participants

Participants included primary and secondary care practitioners, facility managers, patients and family members.

Results

There was striking concordance in the diabetes care gaps and potential for digital solutions in the two countries, and between practitioners, patients and family members. Five main gaps were practitioner training; health information systems and data; service delivery; infrastructure, equipment and medication; and community awareness and knowledge. Practitioners, patients and family members saw strong potential for digital solutions to improve early detection, diagnosis, secondary prevention of complications and improve patients’ and families’ experience of living with diabetes. They identified specific design and implementation considerations to enable the Diabetes Compass to realistically meet these needs and overcome challenges.

Conclusion

There was a strong appetite among practitioners, patients and family members for a digital solution to strengthen diabetes care. Their experience of challenges and practical recommendations informed the Diabetes Compass design.
Barriers and facilitators to perinatal care of women with disabilities in lower- and middle-income countries: a study protocol for scoping review of qualitative studies
Authors: Asim Muhammad , Hameed Waqas , Sohail Malik Muhammad , Saleem Sarah , Hayward Mark , Turan Janet M
Published: June 2024

Background

The Sustainable Development Goals have put emphasis on equitable healthcare access for marginalised groups and communities. The number of women with disabilities (WWD) to marry and have children is rapidly increasing in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, these women experience multifaceted challenges to seeking perinatal care in LMICs. The objective of this scoping review is to document key facilitators and barriers to seeking perinatal care by WWD. We also will propose strategies for inclusive perinatal healthcare services for women with disabilities in LMICs.

Methods

We will conduct a scoping review of peer-reviewed and grey literature (published reports) of qualitative and mixed-methods studies on facilitators and barriers to seeking perinatal care for women with functional disabilities from 2010 to 2023 in LMICs. An electronic search will be conducted on Medline/PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar databases. Two researchers will independently assess whether studies meet the eligibility criteria for inclusion based on the title, abstract and a full-text review.

Ethics and dissemination

This scoping review is based on published literature and does not require ethics approval. Findings will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences related to reproductive health, disability and inclusive health forums.
Protocol for the development of a core outcome set for clinical trials in primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Hussain Nasir , Ma Christopher , Hirschfield Gideon , Walmsley Martine , Hanford Paula , Vesterhus Mette , Kowdley Kris , Bergquist Annika , Ponsioen Cyriel , Levy Cynthia , Assis David , Schramm Christoph , Bowlus Christopher , Trauner Michael , Aiyegbusi Olalekan Lee , Jairath Vipul , Trivedi Palak J
Published: June 2024

Background

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a progressive immune-mediated liver disease, for which no medical therapy has been shown to slow disease progression. However, the horizon for new therapies is encouraging, with several innovative clinical trials in progress. Despite these advancements, there is considerable heterogeneity in the outcomes studied, with lack of consensus as to what outcomes to measure, when to measure and how to measure. Furthermore, there has been a paradigm shift in PSC treatment targets over recent years, moving from biochemistry-based endpoints to histological assessment of liver fibrosis, imaging-based biomarkers and patient-reported outcome measures. The abundance of new interventional trials and evolving endpoints pose opportunities for all stakeholders involved in evaluating novel therapies. To this effect, there is a need to harmonise measures used in clinical trials through the development of a core outcome set (COS).

Methods and analysis

Synthesis of a PSC-specific COS will be conducted in four stages. Initially, a systematic literature review will be performed to identify outcomes previously used in PSC trials, followed by semistructured qualitative interviews conducted with key stakeholders. The latter may include patients, clinicians, researchers, pharmaceutical industry representatives and healthcare payers and regulatory agencies, to identify additional outcomes of importance. Using the outcomes generated from the literature review and stakeholder interviews, an international two-round Delphi survey will be conducted to prioritise outcomes for inclusion in the COS. Finally, a consensus meeting will be convened to ratify the COS and disseminate findings for application in future PSC trials.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval has been granted by the East Midlands—Leicester Central Research Ethics Committee (Ref: 24/EM/0126) for this study. The COS from this study will be widely disseminated including publication in peer-reviewed journals, international conferences, promotion through patient-support groups and made available on the Core Outcomes Measurement in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) database.

Trial registration number

1239.
Can compassionate leadership of senior hospital leaders help retain trainee doctors?
Authors: Wang Wen , Creese Jennifer , Karanika-Murray Maria , Harris Kevin , McCarthy Mark , Leng Christopher , King Christopher
Published: June 2024

Background

High burnout and low retention rates among trainee doctors threaten the future viability of the UK medical workforce. This study empirically examined factors that can sustain trainee doctors.

Method

A total of 323 trainee doctors from 25 National Health Service (NHS) Trusts in England and Wales completed an online survey on their training and employment experiences. A mixed method approach was employed.

Results

Structural equation modelling revealed that perceived compassionate leadership of hospital senior leaders (CLSL) (i.e., doctors in senior clinical and management positions, and senior managers) is directly and negatively associated with trainee doctors’ burnout and intention to quit. We propose the associations may be indirectly strengthened through two mediating pathways: increased psychological contract fulfilment (PCF) of training/organisational support and reduced worry about the state of the NHS; however, only the former is supported. The model can explain a substantial 37% of the variance in reported burnout and 28% of intention to quit among trainee doctors. Being a Foundation Year (FY) trainee was significantly associated with poor PCF and burnout. Rich qualitative data further elaborated on their experiences in terms of senior leaders’ awareness of their training/working experiences, listening to and acting on.

Conclusions

Active and demonstrable CLSL plays a vital role in trainee doctors’ retention. It has both direct (through support) and indirect effects through improving trainee doctors’ PCF to reduce burnout and intention to quit. This seems particularly valuable among FY doctors. Implications for the development and management of the medical workforce are discussed.
Preconception counselling in women with epilepsy
Authors: Pegg Emily J , Bromley Rebecca , Mirza Farhat , Campbell Ellen
Published: June 2024

Pregnancy and the postpartum period are potentially high-risk periods for women with epilepsy and their babies. All women with epilepsy should have the opportunity for preconception counselling with the aim of reducing risk, optimising outcomes for the potentially developing fetus and enabling informed decision-making. This article provides an evidence-based framework for preconception counselling discussion, including the review of diagnosis and of current antiseizure medication, the risk to the fetus in relation to antiseizure medication and maternal seizures, maternal morbidity, SUDEP risk, folic acid supplements, contraception, breastfeeding and safety advice.
Gabapentinoids for chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chang Tsung Wei , Yang Fu-Yu , Liu Yu-Chang , Hung Cheng-Hsien
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) affects patients’ quality of life and treatment effectiveness. Gabapentinoids, like gabapentin and pregabalin, are often used for CIPN treatment, but their efficacy and safety remain uncertain. This study reviews and analyses randomised controlled trial data on this topic.

Materials/methods

We searched PubMed, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL until 29 August 2022 for studies on gabapentinoid use in CIPN. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan V.5.4 and the Metafor package in R. Outcomes included pain scores, quality of life and adverse drug events.

Results

For the prevention setting, our meta-analysis shows that pregabalin did not significantly improve average pain (standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.14, 95% CI −0.51 to 0.23; I2=26% (95% CI 0% to >98%)) or quality of life (mean difference (MD) 2.5, 95% CI −4.67 to 9.67; p=0.49) in preventing CIPN compared with placebo. However, it showed a potential trend towards reducing the worst pain (SMD −0.28, 95% CI −0.57 to 0.01; I2=0% (95% CI 0% to 98%; p=0.06)). For the treatment setting, some studies have shown a potential therapeutic effect of gabapentinoids. However, the results are not consistent between studies. Given the studies’ heterogeneity, a meta-analysis in treatment setting was not performed.

Conclusion

There is limited evidence to support the use of gabapentinoids in CIPN. In prevention setting, gabapentinoids do not significantly prevent CIPN. In treatment setting, studies have been inconsistent in their conclusions, lacking definitive benefits over placebo. More comprehensive and higher quality research is needed in the future.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42022361193.
Regional hospice and palliative care networks worldwide: scoping review
Authors: Röwer Hanna A A , Herbst Franziska A , Schwabe Sven
Published: June 2024

Background

Regional hospice and palliative care networks (RHPCNs) are increasingly being established to improve integrative care for patients with life-limiting illnesses. This scoping review aimed at identifying and synthesising international literature on RHPCNs, focusing on structures, outcomes, benefits, success factors and good practices.

Method

Following Arksey and O’Malley’s (2005) framework, a search of four electronic databases (CINAHL, Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection) was conducted on 7 July 2023. Additionally, a manual search of reference lists of the identified articles was performed. Original research, qualification theses and descriptive reports on RHPCNs at a structural level were included.

Findings

Two researchers analysed 777 article abstracts, screened 104 full texts and selected 24 articles. The included studies predominantly used qualitative designs. RHPCNs self-identify as local stakeholders, employ coordination offices and steering committees, and actively recruit network partners. Outcomes included improved professional practices, enhanced quality of care, increased patient utilisation of regional care offerings and improved patient transitions between care providers. Success factors included clear coordination, transparent communication, strategic planning and resource-securing strategies.

Conclusions

The analysis identified key RHPCN success factors such as effective communication and adaptive leadership. Despite the need for further research, the findings emphasise RHPCNs’ potential to improve palliative care and encourage policymaker support.

Other

This scoping review is part of the research project HOPAN, which aims at assessing and analysing RHPCNs in Germany. The project is funded by the German Innovation Fund of the Federal Joint Committee (G-BA) (Grant N° 01VSF22042; funding period: 01/2023–12/2024).
Generative models for simulation of KamLAND-Zen
Authors: Fu Zhenghao , Grant Christopher , Krawiec Dominika M. , Li Aobo , Winslow Lindley A.
Published: June 2024

The next generation of searches for neutrinoless double beta decay ($$0 \nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

) are poised to answer deep questions on the nature of neutrinos and the source of the Universe’s matter–antimatter asymmetry. They will be looking for event rates of less than one event per ton of instrumented isotope per year. To claim discovery, accurate and efficient simulations of detector events that mimic $$0 \nu \beta \beta $$

0
ν
β
β

is critical. Traditional Monte Carlo (MC) simulations can be supplemented by machine-learning-based generative models. This work describes the performance of generative models that we designed for monolithic liquid scintillator detectors like KamLAND to produce accurate simulation data without a predefined physics model. We present their current ability to recover low-level features and perform interpolation. In the future, the results of these generative models can be used to improve event classification and background rejection by providing high-quality abundant generated data.
FRENA: India’s first nuclear astrophysics accelerator center
Authors: Banerjee Akashrup , Basu Chinmay
Published: June 2024

To address several outstanding problems in nuclear astrophysics, an accelerator centre has been developed in India. The Facility for Research in Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics (FRENA) will serve as a laboratory dedicated to nuclear astrophysics measurements. The 3 MV high current, low energy two-stage accelerator housed at FRENA is capable of delivering different types of beams—protons, alphas, carbon, silicon, among others. The accelerator can provide direct, as well as, pulsed beams of protons and alphas. A set of dedicated high efficiency detector arrays composed of solid state detectors, scintillation detectors and other particle detectors will be used at different end-stations to perform different experiments in the coming years.
CRLSTM-HEXNET: Hybrid Deep Learning Framework with Harris Hawk Optimization in Multi-Label Classification
Authors: Digra Monia , Dhir Renu , Sharma Nonita
Published: June 2024

Deep learning has enabled significant advancements in the classification of remote sensing images; however, the task of classifying images in remote sensing remains a formidable challenge because of the high item diversity and complexity that result from spatial and temporal combination and connection. The problem of insufficient differentiation of feature representations generated by deep learning remains, which is mostly due to the similarity and variety of inter-class and intra-class images, respectively. This paper introduces a novel hexagonal network architecture called DenseNet-169, which is based on end-to-end convolutional methods (Bi-LSTM and RNN model) known as CRLSTM-Hexnet. The proposed model comprises three distinct components: (1) a module for extracting features, (2) a feature selection module utilizing the Harris Hawk optimization (HHO) algorithm, and (3) a sub-network based on LSTM and RNN, incorporating a class attention module learning layer. Positive quantitative and qualitative findings from experiments on the RSI-CB256 multi-label dataset confirm the efficacy of our model.
Development of Automatic Generating System of Motion-Pictograms from Still-Pictograms
Authors: Okatani Natsumi , Shioya Ryuji , Nakabayashi Yasushi
Published: June 2024

Pictograms convey meaning through graphic symbols; however, static pictograms have limitations, prompting research into animated pictograms (motion pictograms). While motion pictograms offer intuitive comprehension, their limited adoption results from higher production costs than their static counterparts. A potential solution to enhance motion pictogram adoption involves automating the generation process from still images using artificial intelligence. In this study, a pretrained model identified key constraints and challenges. Experimental results underscore the effectiveness of motion pictograms, emphasizing their advantages and paving the way for broader adoption and improved accessibility.
Insights into electronic and magnetic properties of Be1−x (Gd,Eu,Tb)xO: A first-principles theoretical approach
Authors: Guendouz Atika , Ech-Chergui Abdelkader Nabatti , Amrani Bouhalouane
Published: June 2024

The electronic and magnetic properties of Be[Formula: see text](Gd,Eu,Tb)[Formula: see text]O (with [Formula: see text] values of 0.125, 0.25, and 0.375) were systematically investigated using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method within density functional theory (DFT). Exchange and correlation potentials were computed employing the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and GGA plus-modified Becke–Johnson potential (TB-mBJ) approximations. Our findings demonstrate that the incorporation of X into BeO induces magnetism in the compound. Specifically, BeO doped with Gd, Eu, and Tb at [Formula: see text], and 0.375 exhibits half-metallic behavior, characterized by integer magnetic moments. These results indicate the potential of these compounds to serve as novel half-metallic materials for future spintronics applications, offering exciting prospects in the field.
Dynamic Spatial-Temporal Embedding via Neural Conditional Random Field for Multivariate Time Series Forecasting
Authors: Yi Peiyu , Huang Feihu , Peng Jian , Bao Zhifeng
Published: June 2024

How to capture dynamic spatial-temporal dependencies remains an open question in multivariate time series (MTS) forecasting. Although recent advanced spatial-temporal graph neural networks (STGNNs) achieve superior forecasting performance, they either consider pre-defined spatial correlations or simply learn static graphs. Some research has tried to learn many adjacent matrices to reveal time-varying spatial correlations, but they generate discrete graphs which cannot encode evolutionary information and also face computational complexity problem. In this article, we propose two significant plugins to help automatically learn enhanced dynamic spatial-temporal embedding of MTS data: (1) a novel neural conditional random field (CRF) layer. We find that the implicit time-varying spatial dependencies are reflected by the explicit changeable links between edges, and we propose the neural CRF to encode such pairwise changeable evolutionary inter-dependencies; (2) a structure adaptive graph convolution (SAGC) that does not require pre-defined graphs to capture semantically richer spatial correlations. Then, we integrate the neural CRF, SAGC with recurrent neural network to develop a new STGNN paradigm termed Adaptive Spatial-Temporal graph neural network with Conditional Random Field (ASTCRF), which can be trained in an end-to-end fashion. We validate the effectiveness, efficiency, and scalability of ASTCRF on five public benchmark MTS datasets.
An exploration of the relationship between active learning and student motivation in STEM: a mixed methods study
Authors: Stieha Vicki , Earl Brittnee , Hagens Harrisen , Haynes Meagan , Ulappa Amy , Bond Laura , Oxford Julia Thom
Published: June 2024

This study uses a novel combination of instruments to describe students’ intrinsic motivation in response to teaching practices. Findings demonstrate that active learning methods may support higher student motivation. Recommendations drawn from the study include using a variety of active learning methods, using evidence-based instructional methods with fidelity, and monitoring the students’ affective response to those methods. Alignment of active learning practices to the components of self-determination may result in higher quality student motivation in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses.
An empirical model for world record running speeds with distance, age, and sex: anaerobic and aerobic contributions to performance
Authors: Roy Tuhin K. , Joyner Michael J. , Senefeld Jonathon W. , Wiggins Chad C. , Secomb Timothy W.
Published: June 2024

World record speeds at different distances for men and women in different age categories are used to develop a model to predict running performance as a function of race distance, age, and sex. This empirical model quantifies the decline in running speed with distance and age in a way that provides insight into the aerobic and anaerobic contributions to running speed and may help with developing training strategies for different age groups at various distances.
Unlocking the benefit of active stretch: the eccentric muscle action, not the preload, maximizes muscle-tendon unit stretch-shortening cycle performance
Authors: Goecking Tobias , Holzer Denis , Hahn Daniel , Siebert Tobias , Seiberl Wolfgang
Published: June 2024

Using a torque-matched preload protocol, we found that 2/3 of the performance enhancement in muscle-tendon unit stretch-shortening cycles (SSCs) is caused by the increased preload level. The remaining 1/3 is owed to the long-lasting history-dependent effects triggered during the stretch in SSCs. This increased performance output is attributed to passive elastic structures within the contractile element that do not require additional muscle activation, therefore contributing to the higher efficiency of the neuromuscular system in SSCs.
Pattern of Malnutrition among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care Service at Juba Teaching Hospital, South Sudan
Authors: Malel Zechariah J. , Jeremiah Madut Madut , Augustine Akech Akol , Machok Nyang Deng , Tong Daniel Tong , Madut Michael Maluil , Effrem Rose Juma
Published: June 2024

Malnutrition among pregnant women is a pressing public health concern in sub‐Saharan Africa, including South Sudan. The prevalence of malnutrition is attributed to limited access to nutritious food, food insecurity, inadequate health care services, and the determinantal effects of armed conflicts and displacement. However, less or none is known about South Sudan. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine nutritional status and the related factors among pregnant women who attended antenatal care services in Juba Teaching Hospital, South Sudan. A cross‐sectional study was conducted from September 01 to 30, 2023. Sociodemographic, socioeconomic, anthropometrics, and clinical‐related information were collected using a prestructured interviewer‐administered questionnaire. The mid‐upper‐arm circumference tape was used to define the nutritional status of pregnant women. Epi Data version 4.6 and SPSS version 26 were utilized for data entry and statistical analysis, respectively. A total of 280 pregnant women were included with the response rate stood at 97%. More than half of pregnant women were 25–45 years old. More than half (56.4%) had acquired primary education, and 54.6% were unemployed. The prevalence of malnutrition among pregnant women was 4.3%. Malnutrition was more in pregnant women with no formal education in the second trimester. However, this study indicated a statistically insignificant association between the prevalence of malnutrition in pregnant women and different factors of this study. Thus, the finding reveals the need of enhancing second‐trimester nutritional status by the institute health programming. A total of 280 pregnant women were included, with a response rate of 97%. More than half of pregnant women were 25–45 years old. More than half (56.4%) had acquired primary education, and 54.6% were unemployed. The prevalence of malnutrition was 4.3%. The malnutrition was higher in second‐trimester women with no formal education. However, the study found no statistically significant association between malnutrition prevalence and various factors. The finding highlights the importance of improving nutritional status during the second trimester through health programming at the institute.
Fresh vs. Preserved Specimens: Length‐Weight Relationships of Fishes from the Western Amazon (Napo Basin, Ecuador)
Authors: Barragán Karla S. , Chuctaya Junior , Escobar-Camacho Daniel , Vieira José , Encalada Andrea C.
Published: June 2024

Length‐weight relationship (LWR) studies are important for fish taxonomical analysis, ecological assessments, management, and conservation practices. Although LWR studies can use measurements of either fresh or preserved specimens, few studies have directly compared these methods. This study analyzed the effect of preservation on LWR of ten small‐sized freshwater fish species from the Curaray River basin (Napo Basin), eastern Ecuador. 255 wild specimens were measured, weighed, fixed in formalin, and finally preserved in 70% ethanol. 287 specimens from the same species batch were measured again after preservation. We estimated LWR curves with linear regressions and compared slopes and intercepts between fresh and preserved specimens. The preservation process altered weight significantly for all ten species and altered both weight and length for two species. The magnitude of change varied according to the morphology and maximum size of each species. Smaller individuals exhibited greater proportional weight losses. LWR estimates for eight of the species are new to science. These results present new evidence of the preservation effects in LWR studies as well as a compilation of the varying results reported in the literature. We conclude that measurements on fresh specimens should be encouraged for LWR studies. However, recognizing that this is not always feasible, studies using preserved specimens should consider the effects of preservation on body length and weight.
Enhancing Agency in Individuals with Depressive Symptoms: The Roles of Effort, Outcome Valence, and Its Underlying Cognitive Mechanisms and Neural Basis
Authors: Lin Jingyuan , Yang Xuemei , Li Hong , Lin Wuji , Zhang Jie , Lei Yi
Published: June 2024

Background. Agency, a sense of control over one’s actions and outcomes, is crucial for recovery from depressive symptoms. However, the mechanisms that enhance agency in individuals with depressive symptoms remain poorly understood. This study endeavors to elucidate these fundamental processes. Materials and Methods. We recruited 52 participants exhibiting depressive symptoms to participate in a novel Judgment of Agency (JoA) task. This task was structured with a 3 (effort: high load, medium load, low load) × 2 (outcome: win, miss) within‐subject design to assess the impact of effort and outcome valence on agency. Throughout the task, we utilized functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to explore the neural mechanisms underlying agency. Furthermore, we conducted a randomized, sham‐controlled, pre–post‐test trial involving intermittent theta‐burst stimulation (iTBS) targeted at the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) to investigate its potential to enhance agency. Participants were randomly allocated to either an active iTBS group or a sham group, with each receiving a single session of stimulation (600 pulses). The JoA task was conducted both before and after the stimulation. Results. Effort significantly influenced agency in individuals with depressive symptoms, with this effect being moderated by the outcomes’ valences. Agency was positively correlated with self‐efficacy (r = 0.28, P < 0.05) when goals were achieved with effort, and with anxiety severity (r = 0.29, P < 0.05) when goals were not achieved. Additionally, it was associated with the activation of several frontal brain regions (all P values < 0.01), including the left DLPFC, right premotor and supplementary motor areas, and the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG). Application of iTBS over the left DLPFC significantly enhanced self‐attributed agency, particularly when the outcomes were achieved under conditions of low‐load effort. Conclusions. Our study highlights the critical role of effort in enhancing agency for individuals with depressive symptoms, with iTBS applied to the left DLPFC showing potential to enhance agency postgoal achievement. Moreover, the activation of the left IFG and the presence of anxiety are associated with maladaptive self‐attributed agency, offering potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
Probiotics in Disease Management for Sustainable Poultry Production
Authors: Ayana Gelana Urgesa , Kamutambuko Robert
Published: June 2024

Probiotics have emerged as a viable strategy to mitigate diseases in poultry, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional methods. Therefore, this review explores the potential of probiotics to improve poultry health, productivity, and environmental impact within poultry farming systems. In the context of sustainable poultry production, the use of probiotics for disease management presents a promising avenue to improve animal health and productivity. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the scientific rationale behind probiotic interventions in poultry, highlighting their ability to modulate the gut microbiota, enhance immune function, and mitigate pathogen proliferation and the mechanisms by which probiotics influence poultry health. Through a comprehensive review of the current literature and research findings, this review elucidates the potential of probiotics as a viable alternative to conventional antibiotic use to promote sustainable poultry production practices. By shedding light on the scientific rationale and practical applications of probiotics in disease management, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of how probiotic interventions can optimize poultry health outcomes while ensuring long‐term sustainability in the poultry industry. This comprehensive review provides valuable information on the potential of probiotics as alternatives to antibiotics in poultry production and offers directions for future research and development in this field in formulations and metagenomic analysis. These studies present exciting opportunities for advancing the field of probiotics in poultry production.
Biomechanical Design Optimization of Distal Humerus Fracture Plates: A Review
Authors: Zdero Radovan , Brzozowski Pawel , Schemitsch Emil H.
Published: June 2024

The goal of this article was to review studies on distal humerus fracture plates (DHFPs) to understand the biomechanical influence of systematically changing the plate or screw variables. The problem is that DHFPs are commonly used surgically, although complications can still occur, and it is unclear if implant configurations are always optimized using biomechanical criteria. A systematic search of the PubMed database was conducted to identify English‐language biomechanical optimization studies of DHFPs that parametrically altered plate and/or screw variables to analyze their influence on engineering performance. Intraarticular and extraarticular fracture (EAF) data were separated and organized under commonly used biomechanical outcome metrics. The results identified 52 eligible DHFP studies, which evaluated various plate and screw variables. The most common plate variables evaluated were geometry, hole type, number, and position. Fewer studies assessed screw variables, with number and angle being the most common. However, no studies examined nonmetallic materials for plates or screws, which may be of interest in future research. Also, articles used various combinations of biomechanical outcome metrics, such as interfragmentary fracture motion, bone, plate, or screw stress, number of loading cycles to failure, and overall stiffness (Os) or failure strength (Fs). However, no study evaluated the bone stress under the plate to examine bone “stress shielding,” which may impact bone health clinically. Surgeons treating intraarticular and extraarticular distal humerus fractures should seriously consider two precontoured, long, thick, locked, and parallel plates that are secured by long, thick, and plate‐to‐plate screws that are located at staggered levels along the proximal parts of the plates, as well as an extra transfracture plate screw. Also, research engineers could improve new studies by perusing recommendations in future work (e.g., studying alternative nonmetallic materials or “stress shielding”), clinical ramifications (e.g., benefits of locked plates), and study quality (e.g., experimental validation of computational studies).
Supplementary Figure 1 from Association of ESR1 Germline Variants with TP53 Somatic Variants in Breast Tumors in a Genome-wide Study
Authors: Tjader Nijole P. , Beer Abigail J. , Ramroop Johnny , Tai Mei-Chee , Ping Jie , Gandhi Tanish , Dauch Cara , Neuhausen Susan L. , Ziv Elad , Sotelo Nereida , Ghanekar Shreya , Meadows Owen , Paredes Monica , Gillespie Jessica L. , Aeilts Amber M. , Hampel Heather , Zheng Wei , Jia Guochong , Hu Qiang , Wei Lei , Liu Song , Ambrosone Christine B. , Palmer Julie R. , Carpten John D. , Yao Song , Stevens Patrick , Ho Weang-Kee , Pan Jia Wern , Fadda Paolo , Huo Dezheng , Teo Soo-Hwang , McElroy Joseph Paul , Toland Amanda E.
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Figure 1
FIGURE 2 from Association of ESR1 Germline Variants with TP53 Somatic Variants in Breast Tumors in a Genome-wide Study
Authors: Tjader Nijole P. , Beer Abigail J. , Ramroop Johnny , Tai Mei-Chee , Ping Jie , Gandhi Tanish , Dauch Cara , Neuhausen Susan L. , Ziv Elad , Sotelo Nereida , Ghanekar Shreya , Meadows Owen , Paredes Monica , Gillespie Jessica L. , Aeilts Amber M. , Hampel Heather , Zheng Wei , Jia Guochong , Hu Qiang , Wei Lei , Liu Song , Ambrosone Christine B. , Palmer Julie R. , Carpten John D. , Yao Song , Stevens Patrick , Ho Weang-Kee , Pan Jia Wern , Fadda Paolo , Huo Dezheng , Teo Soo-Hwang , McElroy Joseph Paul , Toland Amanda E.
Published: June 2024

Manhattan plots for TP53 and PIK3CA discovery GxM analyses. Discovery GWAS data for 879 TP53 mutation carriers and 1,965 breast cancer cases without TP53 mutations (A), 237 cases with TP53 GOF mutations and 1,965 breast cancer cases without TP53 mutations (B), 536 cases with TP53 LOF mutations and 1,965 controls (C), 1,095 PIK3CA mutation carriers and 1,642 breast cancer cases without PIK3CA mutations (D), and 858 cases with PIK3CA activating/hotspot mutations and 1,642 breast cancer cases without PIK3CA mutations, are plotted by −log10 (P values; E). Blue lines represent P values of less than 1 × 10−5. Chromosome numbers are indicated. GXM, germline variant by mutation; GWAS, genome-wide association study; GOF, gain of function; LOF, loss of function.
Tumor-Immune Signatures of Treatment Resistance to Brentuximab Vedotin with Ipilimumab and/or Nivolumab in Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Gonzalez-Kozlova Edgar , Huang Hsin-Hui , Jagede Opeyemi A. , Tuballes Kevin , Del Valle Diane M. , Kelly Geoffrey , Patel Manishkumar , Xie Hui , Harris Jocelyn , Argueta Kimberly , Nie Kai , Barcessat Vanessa , Moravec Radim , Altreuter Jennifer , Duose Dzifa Y. , Kahl Brad S. , Ansell Stephen M. , Yu Joyce , Cerami Ethan , Lindsay James R. , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Kim-Schulze Seunghee , Diefenbach Catherine S. , Gnjatic Sacha
Published: June 2024

To investigate the cellular and molecular mechanisms associated with targeting CD30-expressing Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and immune checkpoint modulation induced by combination therapies of CTLA4 and PD1, we leveraged Phase 1/2 multicenter open-label trial NCT01896999 that enrolled patients with refractory or relapsed HL (R/R HL). Using peripheral blood, we assessed soluble proteins, cell composition, T-cell clonality, and tumor antigen-specific antibodies in 54 patients enrolled in the phase 1 component of the trial. NCT01896999 reported high (>75%) overall objective response rates with brentuximab vedotin (BV) in combination with ipilimumab (I) and/or nivolumab (N) in patients with R/R HL. We observed a durable increase in soluble PD1 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells as well as decreases in plasma CCL17, ANGPT2, MMP12, IL13, and CXCL13 in N-containing regimens (BV + N and BV + I + N) compared with BV + I (P < 0.05). Nonresponders and patients with short progression-free survival showed elevated CXCL9, CXCL13, CD5, CCL17, adenosine–deaminase, and MUC16 at baseline or after one treatment cycle and a higher prevalence of NY-ESO-1-specific autoantibodies (P < 0.05). The results suggest a circulating tumor-immune-derived signature of BV ± I ± N treatment resistance that may be useful for patient stratification in combination checkpoint therapy.

Significance:

Identification of multi-omic immune markers from peripheral blood may help elucidate resistance mechanisms to checkpoint inhibitor and antibody–drug conjugate combinations with potential implications for treatment decisions in relapsed HL.
A Gazeta e o Estadão
Authors: Gebara Ademir
Published: June 2024

The main purpose of this paper is to study the beginning of the Republican press in Campinas. Two newspapers are particulary focused in this study: Gazeta de Campinas, and O Constitucional, which represent different political trends. The most important problem we intend to solve throughout the paper refers to the centralization of Republican propaganda in São Paulo, with the foundation in 1874/1875 of the newspaper A Província de São Paulo. This altered the patterns of political action of the provincial press. We explain how these changes were expressed by the newspaper which was the center of republican propaganda in the city of Campinas.
O Presidente Kubitschek
Authors: Bandecchi Brasil
Published: June 2024

The author met ex-President Juscelino Kubitschek- de Oliveira during a congress of the Rotary Club in Poços de Caídas, State of Minas Gerais. The name Kubitschek was familiar to him: while studying the history of the Law Faculty of the University of São Paulo he discovered, in the XIXth century, this same name, a forbear of the ex-President, whom he immediately liked for being an abolitionist and a Republican. After Juscelino’s tragic death, thc author decidcd to reread his memories, which also constitute an important historical document. With these materiais he drew Juscelino’s profile, showing that he was a fighter, and that the difficulties his family faced after his father’s early death were overcome mainly to the sacrifices of D. Júlia, his mother, a public school teacher in Diamantina. The author considers Juselino’s political risc as well as important aspects of his life.
Os Direitos do Consumidor e os Códigos Municipais: autonomia local e limites
Authors: Corralo Giovani da Silva , Zanella Fernanda Rotta
Published: June 2024

The focus of the research is the autonomy of the municipality for the elaboration of municipal consumer rights. The importance of the theme resides in the Brazilian federalism of cooperation, which requires the action of all political persons for the realization of fundamental rights, as well as the existence of the codes at the municipal level. For that, the consumer's rights are studied as fundamental rights in the Brazilian constitutional order. Next, it is understood the municipal autonomy in the Brazilian Federation, which requires and understanding of municipal competences, as well the municipal codes of Passo Fundo, São Paulo and Rio de Janeiro are analyzed. The deductive method and bibliographical and documentary research are used. The constitutionality of these municipal codes is concluded, observing the theoretical limits outlined in the study, such as the systematization of municipal legislation of local competence, the existence of local interest and observance of the competence of the Union and the States.
Submissão ao sancionamento por improbidade administrativa e equiparação aos “funcionários públicos” para efeitos penais em caso de mau uso ou uso indevido dos recursos orçamentários e financeiros
Authors: Saddy André , Galil João Victor Tavares
Published: June 2024

This work aims to analyze the incidence of the legal sanctioning regime for administrative impropriety and for crimes in force on the figure of the leaders of social organizations, qualified entities representing, par excellence, the third sector. The compatibility of their legal nature with the figure of public agents is verified, as well as the consistency of the extension of the punitive claim to such agents in the same way as it happens on those who operate in truly state entities, taking into account the private nature of legal entities, while fostered.
Lei de Acesso à Informação e ao Controle Social na Administração Pública federal
Authors: Mendonça Maria Lírida Calou de Araújo e , Ferreira de Sousa Stein Francisca Pequena
Published: June 2024

The article proposed to address, as a general objective, the extent to which Social Control in Public Administration is carried out, within the scope of the Federal Executive Branch, through the application of Law No. 12,527 of 2011, entitled as the Access to Information Law (LAI), according to the general balance sheet of the Comptroller General of the Union (CGU), for the period from May 2012 to May 2019. Initially, it is provided that for the concreteness of Social Control, through Popular Participation, it is necessary to implement the Advertising Principle, as well as the Transparency Principle. Afterwards, it is shown that publicity and transparency of acts are made possible through the legal provision stipulated by LAI. Finally, the data relating to the last seven years of application of the LAI is analyzed, according to the CGU. Regarding the methodological aspects, the methodology is bibliographic based on readings of books and articles in periodicals, and, regarding the method, there is the hypothetical deductive. It is concluded that Social Control is made possible by popular participation, through the electronic system of the citizen information service (e-SIC), in the Federal Public Administration, as long as the LAI provisions are ensured.
Loss of Smooth Muscle Tenascin-X Inhibits Vascular Remodeling Through Increased TGF-β Signaling
Authors: Liang Guozheng , Lv Xiao-Fei , Huang Wei , Jin Young-June , Roquid Kenneth Anthony , Kawase Haruya , Offermanns Stefan
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are highly plastic. Vessel injury induces a phenotypic transformation from differentiated to dedifferentiated VSMCs, which involves reduced expression of contractile proteins and increased production of extracellular matrix and inflammatory cytokines. This transition plays an important role in several cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, and aortic aneurysm. TGF-β (transforming growth factor-β) is critical for VSMC differentiation and to counterbalance the effect of dedifferentiating factors. However, the mechanisms controlling TGF-β activity and VSMC phenotypic regulation under in vivo conditions are poorly understood. The extracellular matrix protein TN-X (tenascin-X) has recently been shown to bind TGF-β and to prevent it from activating its receptor.

METHODS:

We studied the role of TN-X in VSMCs in various murine disease models using tamoxifen-inducible SMC-specific knockout and adeno-associated virus–mediated knockdown.

RESULTS:

In hypertensive and high-fat diet–fed mice, after carotid artery ligation as well as in human aneurysmal aortae, expression of
Tnxb
, the gene encoding TN-X, was increased in VSMCs. Mice with smooth muscle cell–specific loss of TN-X (SMC-Tnxb-KO) showed increased TGF-β signaling in VSMCs, as well as upregulated expression of VSMC differentiation marker genes during vascular remodeling compared with controls. SMC-specific TN-X deficiency decreased neointima formation after carotid artery ligation and reduced vessel wall thickening during Ang II (angiotensin II)–induced hypertension. SMC-Tnxb-KO mice lacking ApoE showed reduced atherosclerosis and Ang II–induced aneurysm formation under high-fat diet. Adeno-associated virus–mediated SMC-specific expression of short hairpin RNA against
Tnxb
showed similar beneficial effects. Treatment with an anti-TGF-β antibody or additional SMC-specific loss of the TGF-β receptor reverted the effects of SMC-specific TN-X deficiency.

CONCLUSIONS:

In summary, TN-X critically regulates VSMC plasticity during vascular injury by inhibiting TGF-β signaling. Our data indicate that inhibition of vascular smooth muscle TN-X may represent a strategy to prevent and treat pathological vascular remodeling.