bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on Immersion Vaccines for Fish: An Update 2019
Authors: Bøgwald Jarl , Dalmo Roy A.
Published: November 2019

Immersion vaccines are used for a variety of aquacultured fish to protect against infectious diseases caused by bacteria and viruses. During immersion vaccination the antigens are taken up by the skin, gills or gut and processed by the immune system, where the resulting response may lead to protection. The lack of classical secondary responses following repeated immersion vaccination may partly be explained by the limited uptake of antigens by immersion compared to injection. Administration of vaccines depends on the size of the fish. In most cases, immersion vaccination is inferior to injection vaccination with regard to achieved protection. However, injection is problematic in small fish, and fry as small as 0.5 gram may be immersion vaccinated when they are considered adaptively immunocompetent. Inactivated vaccines are, in many cases, weakly immunogenic, resulting in low protection after immersion vaccination. Therefore, during recent years, several studies have focused on different ways to augment the efficacy of these vaccines. Examples are booster vaccination, administration of immunostimulants/adjuvants, pretreatment with low frequency ultrasound, use of live attenuated and DNA vaccines, preincubation in hyperosmotic solutions, percutaneous application of a multiple puncture instrument and application of more suitable inactivation chemicals. Electrostatic coating with positively charged chitosan to obtain mucoadhesive vaccines and a more efficient delivery of inactivated vaccines has also been successful.
A Storable Mediatorless Electrochemical Biosensor for Herbicide Detection
Authors: Tucci Matteo , Bombelli Paolo , Howe Christopher J. , Vignolini Silvia , Bocchi Stefano , Schievano Andrea
Published: November 2019

A novel mediatorless photo-bioelectrochemical sensor operated with a biofilm of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803 wt. for herbicide detection with long term stability (>20 days) was successfully developed and tested. Photoanodic current generation was obtained in the absence of artificial mediators. The inhibitory effect on photocurrent of three commonly used herbicides (i.e., atrazine, diuron, and paraquat) was used as a means of measuring their concentrations in aqueous solution. The injection of atrazine and diuron into the algal medium caused an immediate photocurrent drop due to the inhibition of photosynthetic electron transport. The detected concentrations were suitable for environmental analysis, as revealed by a comparison with the freshwater quality benchmarks set by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States (US EPA). In contrast, paraquat caused an initial increase (~2 h) of the photocurrent effect of about 200%, as this compound can act as a redox mediator between the cells and the anode. A relatively long-term stability of the biosensor was demonstrated, by keeping anodes colonized with cyanobacterial biofilm in the dark at 4 °C. After 22 days of storage, the performance in terms of the photocurrent was comparable with the freshly prepared biosensor. This result was confirmed by the measurement of chlorophyll content, which demonstrated preservation of the cyanobacterial biofilm. The capacity of this biosensor to recover after a cold season or other prolonged environmental stresses could be a key advantage in field applications, such as in water bodies and agriculture. This study is a step forward in the biotechnological development and implementation of storable mediatorless electrochemical biosensors for herbicide detection.
What Happens in the Staphylococcal Nucleoid under Oxidative Stress?
Authors: Morikawa Kazuya , Ushijima Yuri , Ohniwa Ryosuke L. , Miyakoshi Masatoshi , Takeyasu Kunio
Published: November 2019

The evolutionary success of Staphylococcus aureus as an opportunistic human pathogen is largely attributed to its prominent abilities to cope with a variety of stresses and host bactericidal factors. Reactive oxygen species are important weapons in the host arsenal that inactivate phagocytosed pathogens, but S. aureus can survive in phagosomes and escape from phagocytic cells to establish infections. Molecular genetic analyses combined with atomic force microscopy have revealed that the MrgA protein (part of the Dps family of proteins) is induced specifically in response to oxidative stress and converts the nucleoid from the fibrous to the clogged state. This review collates a series of evidences on the staphylococcal nucleoid dynamics under oxidative stress, which is functionally and physically distinct from compacted Escherichia coli nucleoid under stationary phase. In addition, potential new roles of nucleoid clogging in the staphylococcal life cycle will be proposed.
Glycol Chitosan: A Water-Soluble Polymer for Cell Imaging and Drug Delivery
Authors: Lin Fengming , Jia Hao-Ran , Wu Fu-Gen
Published: November 2019

Glycol chitosan (GC), a water-soluble chitosan derivative with hydrophilic ethylene glycol branches, has both hydrophobic segments for the encapsulation of various drugs and reactive functional groups for facile chemical modifications. Over the past two decades, a variety of molecules have been physically encapsulated within or chemically conjugated with GC and its derivatives to construct a wide range of functional biomaterials. This review summarizes the recent advances of GC-based materials in cell surface labeling, multimodal tumor imaging, and encapsulation and delivery of drugs (including chemotherapeutics, photosensitizers, nucleic acids, and antimicrobial agents) for combating cancers and microbial infections. Besides, different strategies for GC modifications are also highlighted with the aim to shed light on how to endow GC and its derivatives with desirable properties for therapeutic purposes. In addition, we discuss both the promises and challenges of the GC-derived biomaterials.
Effects of Molecular Weight and Guluronic Acid/Mannuronic Acid Ratio on the Rheological Behavior and Stabilizing Property of Sodium Alginate
Authors: Jiao Wenxiao , Chen Wenxue , Mei Yuqi , Yun Yonghuan , Wang Boqiang , Zhong Qiuping , Chen Haiming , Chen Weijun
Published: November 2019

The aim of this study was to prepare sodium alginates (SAs) with different molecular weight and G/M ratio, and characterize their rheological behaviors and emulsifying properties. The result of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) showed that the chemical bonds among the β-d-mannuronic acid- (M-), α-l-guluronic acid- (G-), and MG-sequential blocks in the SA chains were not changed significantly by acid treatment. Meanwhile, the molecular weight and G/M ratio of the SA exhibited drastic variation after acid modification. The result of rheological analysis suggesting that the apparent viscosity of SA reduced from 30 to 16.4 mPa.s with the increase of shear rate, reveals that SA solution belongs to pseudoplastic liquid. Also, the apparent viscosity of acid-modified SA solution dropped rapidly with the decrease of the molecular weight. The properties of emulsions stabilized by SA, SA-Ms, and commercial SAs were evaluated via the interface tensiometry and determination of the zeta potential, droplet size, creaming index (CI), and Turbiscan stability index (TSI). Compared with the SA-stabilized emulsion, the interfacial tension of the emulsion stabilized by SA-M increased with the decrease of the molecular weight reduced at the similar M/G ratio. The decrease in zeta potential and the increase in TSI of the emulsion were observed with the decrease of molecular weight, indicating that molecular weight plays an important role on the emulsifying ability of SA. In addition, the SA with low G/M ratio can form emulsions with stable and fine droplets.
Characterization of the Barley Net Blotch Pathosystem at the Center of Origin of Host and Pathogen
Authors: Ronen Moshe , Sela Hanan , Fridman Eyal , Perl-Treves Rafael , Kopahnke Doris , Moreau Alexandre , Ben-David Roi , Harel Arye
Published: November 2019

Net blotch (NB) is a major disease of barley caused by the fungus Pyrenophora teres f. teres (Ptt), and P. teres f. maculata (Ptm). Ptt and Ptm infect the cultivated crop (Hordeum vulgare) and its wild relatives (H. vulgare ssp. spontaneum and H. murinum ssp. glaucum). The main goal of this research was to study the NB-causing pathogen in the crop center of origin. To address this, we have constructed a Ptt (n = 15) and Ptm (n = 12) collection isolated from three barley species across Israel. Isolates were characterized genetically and phenotypically. Aggressiveness of the isolates was determined based on necrotrophic growth rate on detached leaves of barley. In addition, isolates were genetically characterized by the mating type, followed by phylogenetic analysis, clustering them into seven groups. The analysis showed no significant differentiation of isolates based on either geographic origin, host of origin or form (Ptt vs. Ptm). Nevertheless, there was a significant difference in aggressiveness among the isolates regardless of host species, geographic location or sampling site. Moreover, it was apparent that the isolates derived from wild hosts were more variable in their necrotrophic growth rate, compared to isolates sampled from cultivated hosts, thereby suggesting that NB plays a major role in epidemiology at the center of barley origin where most of the diversity lies. Ptm has significantly higher necrotrophic and saprotrophic growth rates than Ptt, and for both a significant negative correlation was found between light intensity exposure and growth rates.
Multiscale Simulation on Product Distribution from Pyrolysis of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber
Authors: Deng Shengwei , Zhuo Han , Wang Yinbin , Leng Shuai , Zhuang Guilin , Zhong Xing , Wei Zhongzhe , Yao Zihao , Wang Jian-guo
Published: November 2019

Pyrolysis of styrene-butadiene rubber receives renewed attention due to its application in tackling the waste tire disposal problem while allowing energy recovery. The density functional theory calculation (DFT) and ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulation (MD) are adopted to study the pyrolysis process with the variation of temperature and pressure. The bond dissociation energies of intramonomer and intermonomer bonds in trimers with different linking methods are calculated by DFT, where the bond with low energy tends to break during the pyrolysis process. The following MD simulation shows the pyrolysis product distribution of chain segments in styrene-butadiene rubber, where bond breaking positions in MD agree well with corresponding results in DFT and experiment. The next nearest neighbor bonds (single bonds) connected with double bond or benzene usually have lower dissociation energies than other single bonds and prone to break during the pyrolysis process. And thus, the intermonomer bonds tend to break at relatively low temperatures (around 650 K in experiment) prior to intramonomer bonds, which result in the emergence of monomers. With the temperature increase, intramonomer bonds are broken and thus large fragments are further pyrolyzed into small ones (e.g., C2 and C). Besides, the pressure strongly influences the product distribution, where high pressures promote the occurrence of secondary reactions.
Marine Algae: A Potential Resource of Anti-HSV Molecules
Authors: Mahomoodally Mohamad Fawzi , Lobine Devina , Rengasamy Kannan R. R. , Gowrishankar Shanmugaraj , Tewari Devesh , Zengin Gokhan , Kim Doo Hwan , Sivanesan Iyyakkannu
Published: November 2019

Herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) are common human pathogens belonging to the subfamily alpha-herpesvirinae that trigger severe infections in neonates and immunocompromised patients. After primary infection, the HSVs establish a lifelong latent infection in the vegetative neural ganglia of their hosts. HSV infections contribute to substantial disease burden in humans as well as in newborns. Despite a fair number of drugs being available for the treatment of HSV infections, new, effective, and safe antiviral agents, exerting different mechanisms of action, are urgently required, mainly due to the increasing number of resistant strains. Accumulating pieces of evidence have suggested that structurally diverse compounds from marine algae possess promising anti-HSV potentials. Several studies have documented a variety of algal polysaccharides possessing anti-HSV activity, including carrageenan and fucan. This review aimed to compile previous anti-HSV studies on marine algae–derived compounds, especially sulfated polysaccharides, along with their mode of action, toward their development as novel natural anti-HSV agents for future investigations.
High-Resolution Optical Remote Sensing Image Registration via Reweighted Random Walk Based Hyper-Graph Matching
Authors: Wu Yingdan , Di Liping , Ming Yang , Lv Hui , Tan Han
Published: November 2019

High-resolution optical remote sensing image registration is still a challenging task due to non-linearity in the intensity differences and geometric distortion. In this paper, an efficient method utilizing a hyper-graph matching algorithm is proposed, which can simultaneously use the high-order structure information and radiometric information, to obtain thousands of feature point pairs for accurate image registration. The method mainly consists of the following steps: firstly, initial matching by Uniform Robust Scale-Invariant Feature Transform (UR-SIFT) is carried out in the highest pyramid image level to derive the approximate geometric relationship between the images; secondly, two-stage point matching is performed to find the matches, that is, a rotation and scale invariant area-based matching method is used to derive matching candidates for each feature point and an efficient hyper-graph matching algorithm is applied to find the best match for each feature point; thirdly, a local quadratic polynomial constraint framework is used to eliminate match outliers; finally, the above process is iterated until finishing the matching in the original image. Then, the obtained correspondences are used to perform the image registration. The effectiveness of the proposed method is tested with six pairs of high-resolution optical images, covering different landscape types—such as mountain area, urban, suburb, and flat land—and registration accuracy of sub-pixel level is obtained. The experiments show that the proposed method outperforms the conventional matching algorithms such as SURF, AKAZE, ORB, BRISK, and FAST in terms of total number of correct matches and matching precision.
Hydrogel Fluorescence Microsensor with Fluorescence Recovery for Prolonged Stable Temperature Measurements
Authors: Hashim Hairulazwan , Maruyama Hisataka , Akita Yusuke , Arai Fumihito
Published: November 2019

This work describes a hydrogel fluorescence microsensor for prolonged stable temperature measurements. Temperature measurement using microsensors has the potential to provide information about cells, tissues, and the culture environment, with optical measurement using a fluorescent dye being a promising microsensing approach. However, it is challenging to achieve stable measurements over prolonged periods with conventional measurement methods based on the fluorescence intensity of fluorescent dye because the excited fluorescent dye molecules are bleached by the exposure to light. The decrease in fluorescence intensity induced by photobleaching causes measurement errors. In this work, a photobleaching compensation method based on the diffusion of fluorescent dye inside a hydrogel microsensor is proposed. The factors that influence compensation in the hydrogel microsensor system are the interval time between measurements, material, concentration of photo initiator, and the composition of the fluorescence microsensor. These factors were evaluated by comparing a polystyrene fluorescence microsensor and a hydrogel fluorescence microsensor, both with diameters of 20 µm. The hydrogel fluorescence microsensor made from 9% poly (ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) 575 and 2% photo initiator showed excellent fluorescence intensity stability after exposure (standard deviation of difference from initial fluorescence after 100 measurement repetitions: within 1%). The effect of microsensor size on the stability of the fluorescence intensity was also evaluated. The hydrogel fluorescence microsensors, with sizes greater than the measurement area determined by the axial resolution of the confocal microscope, showed a small decrease in fluorescence intensity, within 3%, after 900 measurement repetitions. The temperature of deionized water in a microchamber was measured for 5400 s using both a thermopile and the hydrogel fluorescence microsensor. The results showed that the maximum error and standard deviation of error between these two sensors were 0.5 °C and 0.3 °C, respectively, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Development of a Sensor with a Lipid/Polymer Membrane Comprising Na+ Ionophores to Evaluate the Saltiness Enhancement Effect
Authors: Nakatani Futa , Ienaga Tomofumi , Wu Xiao , Tahara Yusuke , Ikezaki Hidekazu , Sano Hiroyuki , Muto Yuki , Kaneda Yuya , Toko Kiyoshi
Published: November 2019

The saltiness enhancement effect is the effect whereby saltiness is enhanced by adding specific substances to salt (sodium chloride). Since this effect can be used in the development of salt-reduced foods, a method to objectively evaluate the saltiness with this effect is required. A taste sensor with lipid/polymer membranes has been used to quantify the taste of food and beverages in recent years. The sensor electrodes of this taste sensor have the feature of selectively responding to each of the five basic tastes, which is realized by the lipid/polymer membranes. In this study, we developed a new saltiness sensor based on the lipid/polymer membrane with the aim of quantifying the saltiness enhancement effect. In addition to the conventional components of a lipid, plasticizer, and polymer supporting reagent, the membrane we developed comprises ionophores, which selectively capture sodium ions. As a result, the response of the sensor increased logarithmically with the activity of NaCl in measured samples, similarly to the taste response of humans. In addition, all of the sensor responses increased upon adding saltiness-enhancing substances, such as citric acid, tartaric acid and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), to NaCl samples. These findings suggest that it is possible to quantify the saltiness enhancement effect using a taste sensor with lipid/polymer membranes.
Proactive Scheduling for Job-Shop Based on Abnormal Event Monitoring of Workpieces and Remaining Useful Life Prediction of Tools in Wisdom Manufacturing Workshop
Authors: Zhang Cunji , Yao Xifan , Tan Wei , Zhang Yue , Zhang Fudong
Published: November 2019

The job-shop scheduling is an important approach to manufacturing enterprises to improve response speed, reduce cost, and improve service. Proactive scheduling for job-shop based on abnormal event monitoring of workpieces and remaining useful life prediction of tools is proposed with radio frequency identification (RFID) and wireless accelerometer in this paper. Firstly, the perception environment of machining job is constructed, the mathematical model of job-shop scheduling is built, the framework of proactive scheduling is put forward, and the hybrid rescheduling strategy based on real-time events and predicted events is adopted. Then, the multi-objective, double-encoding, double-evolving, and double-decoding genetic algorithm (MD3GA) is used to reschedule. Finally, an actual prototype platform to machine job is built to verify the proposed scheduling method. It is shown that the proposed method solves the integration problem of dynamic scheduling and proactive scheduling of processing workpieces, reduces the waste of redundant time for the scheduling, and avoids the adverse impact on abnormal disturbances.
Soft Sensors in the Primary Aluminum Production Process Based on Neural Networks Using Clustering Methods
Authors: Souza Alan Marcel Fernandes de , Soares Fábio Mendes , Castro Marcos Antonio Gomes de , Nagem Nilton Freixo , Bitencourt Afonso Henrique de Jesus , Affonso Carolina de Mattos , Oliveira Roberto Célio Limão de
Published: November 2019

Primary aluminum production is an uninterrupted and complex process that must operate in a closed loop, hindering possibilities for experiments to improve production. In this sense, it is important to have ways to simulate this process computationally without acting directly on the plant, since such direct intervention could be dangerous, expensive, and time-consuming. This problem is addressed in this paper by combining real data, the artificial neural network technique, and clustering methods to create soft sensors to estimate the temperature, the aluminum fluoride percentage in the electrolytic bath, and the level of metal of aluminum reduction cells (pots). An innovative strategy is used to split the entire dataset by section and lifespan of pots with automatic clustering for soft sensors. The soft sensors created by this methodology have small estimation mean squared error with high generalization power. Results demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed approach to soft sensors in the aluminum industry that may improve process control and save resources.
PSO-LSSVR Assisted GPS/INS Positioning in Occlusion Region
Authors: Xiaoming Li , Xinglong Tan , Changsheng Zhao
Published: November 2019

Satellite signals are easily lost in complex observation environments and high dynamic motion states, and the position and posture errors of pure inertial navigation quickly diverges with time. This paper therefore proposes a scheme of occlusion region navigation based on least squares support vector regression (LSSVR), and particle swarm optimization (PSO), used to seek the global optimal parameters. Firstly, the scheme uses the incremental output of GPS (Global Positioning System) and Inertial Navigation System (INS) when the observation is normal as the training output and the training input sample, and then uses PSO to optimize the regression parameters of LSSVR. When the satellite signal is unavailable, the trained mapping model is used to predict the GPS pseudo position. Secondly, the observed anomaly is detected by the test statistic in the integrated navigation solution filtering estimation, and the exponential fading adaptive factor is introduced to suppress the influence of the abnormal pseudo observation value. The results indicate that the algorithm can predict the higher precision GPS position increment, and can effectively judge some abnormal observations that may occur in the predicted value, and adjust the observed noise covariance to suppress the anomaly observation, which can effectively improve the continuity and reliability of the integrated navigation system in the occlusion region.
A Secure Occupational Therapy Framework for Monitoring Cancer Patients’ Quality of Life
Authors: Abdur Rahman Md. , Rashid Md. Mamunur , Le Kernec Julien , Philippe Bruno , Barnes Stuart J. , Fioranelli Francesco , Yang Shufan , Romain Olivier , Abbasi Qammer H. , Loukas George , Imran Muhammad
Published: November 2019

Once diagnosed with cancer, a patient goes through a series of diagnosis and tests, which are referred to as “after cancer treatment”. Due to the nature of the treatment and side effects, maintaining quality of life (QoL) in the home environment is a challenging task. Sometimes, a cancer patient’s situation changes abruptly as the functionality of certain organs deteriorates, which affects their QoL. One way of knowing the physiological functional status of a cancer patient is to design an occupational therapy. In this paper, we propose a blockchain and off-chain-based framework, which will allow multiple medical and ambient intelligent Internet of Things sensors to capture the QoL information from one’s home environment and securely share it with their community of interest. Using our proposed framework, both transactional records and multimedia big data can be shared with an oncologist or palliative care unit for real-time decision support. We have also developed blockchain-based data analytics, which will allow a clinician to visualize the immutable history of the patient’s data available from an in-home secure monitoring system for a better understanding of a patient’s current or historical states. Finally, we will present our current implementation status, which provides significant encouragement for further development.
Adaptive Information Visualization for Maritime Traffic Stream Sensor Data with Parallel Context Acquisition and Machine Learning
Authors: Kim Kwang-il , Lee Keon Myung
Published: November 2019

Excessive information significantly increases the mental burden on operators of critical monitoring services such as maritime and air traffic control. In these fields, vessels and aircraft have sensors that transmit data to a control center. Because of the large volume of collected data, it is infeasible for monitoring stations to display all of the information on monitoring screens that have limited sizes. This paper proposes a method for automatically selecting maritime traffic stream data for display from a large number of candidates in a context-aware manner. Safety is the most important concern in maritime traffic control, and special care must be taken to avoid collisions between vessels at sea. It presents an architecture for an adaptive information visualization system for a maritime traffic control service. The proposed system adaptively determines the information to be displayed based on the safety evaluation scores and expertise of vessel traffic service operators. It also introduces a method for safety context acquisition to assess the risk of collisions between vessels, using parallel and distributed processing of maritime stream data transmitted by sensors on the vessels at sea. It provides an information-filtering, knowledge extraction method based on the work logs of traffic service operators, using a machine learning technique to generate a decision tree. We applied the proposed system architecture to a large dataset collected at a port. Our results indicate that the proposed system can adaptively select traffic information according to port conditions and to ensure safety and efficiency.
Theoretical Framework for Informal Groups of Construction Workers: A Grounded Theory Study
Authors: Fu Yuan , Ye Gui , Tang Xiaoyu , Liu Qinjun
Published: November 2019

The current construction industry, which has a high accident rate and declining labor productivity, urgently requires efficient and practical management policies. Research has shown that social norms within informal groups have considerable influence on construction workers, while studies on informal groups of construction workers (IGCWs) have been scarce. Current theories of informal groups have not been analyzed in combination with construction industry characteristics. The purpose of this paper is to develop a theoretical framework of IGCWs, including definitions, types, characteristics, causes, and functions. First, on the basis of existing theoretical research of informal groups, two semistructured interviews were designed to collect data from managers and workers. Then, a qualitative approach using grounded theory with NVivo software was employed to code the interview information, and 25 subcategories were obtained: 5 types, 10 characteristics, 4 causes, and 6 functions of IGCWs. Eventually, a conceptual model was established to explain the definition of IGCWs according to the interview data and subcategories identified. This study not only contributes to improving behavioral science theory, especially group behavior theory and human relations theory, but also contributes to constructing an informal group theory of the construction industry. In practical terms, the targeted identification of IGCWs is useful for managers in taking measures to more effectively manage construction workers.
What Is the Critical Factor and Relationship of Urban Regeneration in a Historic District?: A Case of the Nanluoguxiang Area in Beijing, China
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Kang Sungik , Koo Ja-Hoon
Published: November 2019

Although investigations and evaluations are being carried out, there is little research on the relationship between urban regeneration factors, in which various stakeholders participate, and various projects are underway simultaneously. Therefore, this study aims to understand the critical factors and influence relationship among factors in urban regeneration projects in the Nanluoguxiang area, where such projects have been carried out for the historical and cultural preservation in Beijing, China. The implications of this study are as follows: First, both factor public space environmental improvement and building restoration and improvement were analyzed as the most important factors. Second, the elements of the public space environmental improvement and the building restoration and improvement were closely related, influenced by policies and plans, guidelines and criteria, investigation and research, and the subsidy support project. Third, despite the fact that the project was promoted with the aim of revitalizing culture, it was analyzed that the influence of cultural elements on other factors was very minimal because of excessive commercialization.
Can Climate Change Awareness Predict Pro-Environmental Practices in Restaurants? Comparing High and Low Dining Expenditure
Authors: Kim Myung Ja , Hall C. Michael
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to develop a better understanding of what makes consumers reduce waste in order to address climate change, particularly when dining out. To accomplish this goal, this research constructs an extended theory of planned behavior model, using four main constructs of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intention and incorporating climate change awareness and mitigation pursuing actions, anticipated pride and guilt, and high and low levels of dining expenses. An online survey was conducted of 482 respondents aged 20 years old or over who had dined in restaurants in the previous month in 2019. A partial least squares-structural (PLS) equation modeling analysis has been utilized with multi-group analysis. Results reveal that climate change awareness has significant effects on attitude and behavior intention, and climate change mitigation pursuing actions positively influence attitude and behavioral intention to reduce waste. Consumers’ anticipated emotions lead to their behavioral intention. Diners’ behavioral intention to reduce waste is significantly influenced by their attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on waste reduction in restaurants. The levels of dining expenses significantly moderate seven out of nine hypotheses. Research on consumers’ waste reduction in relation to climate change is not sufficiently conducted in the foodservice sector. Using an extended theory of planned behavior (TPB) to understand diner behavior related to waste reduction and climate change, this study therefore makes an important contribution to improving sustainability in foodservices, especially in the Asian context.
Technological Challenges of Phosphorus Removal in High-Phosphorus Ores: Sustainability Implications and Possibilities for Greener Ore Processing
Authors: Ofoegbu Stanley Udochukwu
Published: November 2019

With the present rates of iron ore consumption, currently unusable, high-phosphorus iron ore deposits are likely to be the iron ores of the future as higher-grade iron ore reserves are depleted. Consequently, the design and timely development of environmentally-benign processes for the simultaneous beneficiation of high-phosphorus iron ores and phosphorus recovery, currently a technological challenge, might soon become a sustainability challenge. To stimulate interest in this area, phosphorus adsorption and association in iron oxides/hydroxyoxides, and current efforts at its removal, have been reviewed. The important properties of the most relevant crystalline phosphate phases in iron ores are highlighted, and insights provided on plausible routes for the development of sustainable phosphorus recovery solutions from high-phosphorus iron ores. Leveraging literature information from geochemical investigations into phosphorus distribution, speciation, and mobility in various natural systems, key knowledge gaps that are vital for the development of sustainable phosphorus removal/recovery strategies and important factors (white spaces) not yet adequately taken into consideration in current phosphorus removal/recovery solutions are highlighted, and the need for their integration in the development of future phosphorus removal/recovery solutions, as well as their plausible impacts on phosphorus removal/recovery, are put into perspective.
A Framework for Assessing Benefits of Implemented Nature-Based Solutions
Authors: Watkin Linda J. , Ruangpan Laddaporn , Vojinovic Zoran , Weesakul Sutat , Torres Arlex Sanchez
Published: November 2019

Nature-based solutions (NBS) are solutions that can protect, sustainably manage, and restore natural or modified ecosystems in urban and rural areas, while providing many benefits and co-benefits including stormwater mitigation, biodiversity enhancement, and human well-being. As such, NBS have the potential to alleviate many of the environmental, social, and economic issues that we face today. Grey infrastructure, such as lined trenches and catch basins, pipes, and concrete dikes are frequently used for stormwater management and flood protection, but they do not provide many of the co-benefits that are common with NBS. Grey infrastructure is designed to quickly collect and remove rainwater, whereas NBS keep rainwater where it falls, and where it can be used by the environment. Many stakeholders lack knowledge of the capabilities and benefits of NBS, and as a result, they continue to rely on grey infrastructure in their projects. When information is made available on the benefits and how they can be quantitatively measured, it is hoped that NBS will be promoted to a mainstream infrastructure choice. A valuable way to quantify and highlight the benefits of NBS is by using an evaluation framework. There are several evaluation frameworks that qualitatively assess the potential benefits of possible NBS, however there is a need for quantitative frameworks that can assess the actual benefits (or performance) of implemented (or existing) NBS. This article presents an evaluation framework that aims to quantify the benefits and co-benefits of implemented NBS. The framework involves five main steps: (1) selection of NBS benefit categories, (2) selection of NBS indicators, (3) calculation of indicator values, (4) calculation of NBS grade, and (5) recommendations. The outcome of the framework is a single numerical grade that reflects the benefit functioning for an NBS site and values for each performance indicator. This information may be used by decision makers to determine their budget allocations to expand or construct a new NBS site, to update maintenance plans that will improve the benefits of that site, to set up programs to monitor the NBS benefits and co-benefits over time, and to schedule labour and resources for other NBS projects. The framework was tested and validated on a case study of NBS in Thailand. Through conversations with stakeholders and knowledge of the case study area, relevant categories and indicators were chosen. Using data and information obtained through various means, values for each indicator and the overall NBS grade were calculated. The values revealed which benefits were pronounced, those that were weak, and where improvements were required.
Celebrity Endorsement and the Attitude Towards Luxury Brands for Sustainable Consumption
Authors: Cuomo Maria Teresa , Foroudi Pantea , Tortora Debora , Hussain Shahzeb , Melewar T.C.
Published: November 2019

Taking into consideration the increasing role of sustainability in the luxury industry, our study investigates the role of celebrity credibility, celebrity familiarity, luxury brand value, and brand sustainability awareness on attitude towards celebrity, brand, and purchase intention for sustainable consumption. For this, we explored relationships among these variables to test a conceptual model which is developed using existing knowledge available in academic research on this topic. Data for testing were collected from high-end retail stores in the UK about the world top luxury brands by brand value in 2019, also acknowledged for their major engagement in sustainability. Findings from a survey of 514 consumers suggest that celebrity credibility is a very strong key to increasing purchase intentions of sustainable luxury goods. The study has important implications for the expansion of current literature, theory development and business practices. Limitations of the study are also outlined, and directions for future research are considered too.
Towards a Fisher-Information Description of Complexity in de Sitter Universe
Authors: Chen Chong-Bin , Shu Fu-Wen
Published: November 2019

Recent developments on holography and quantum information physics suggest that quantum information theory has come to play a fundamental role in understanding quantum gravity. Cosmology, on the other hand, plays a significant role in testing quantum gravity effects. How to apply this idea to a realistic universe is still unknown. Here, we show that some concepts in quantum information theory have cosmological descriptions. Particularly, we show that the complexity of a tensor network can be regarded as a Fisher information measure (FIM) of a dS universe, followed by several observations: (i) the holographic entanglement entropy has a tensor-network description and admits a information-theoretical interpretation, (ii) on-shell action of dS spacetime has a same description of FIM, (iii) complexity/action(CA) duality holds for dS spacetime. Our result is also valid for f ( R ) gravity, whose FIM exhibits the same features of a recent proposed L n norm complexity.
A Methodology for the Fast Comparison of Streamwater Diurnal Cycles at Two Monitoring Points
Authors: Briciu Andrei-Emil , Graur Adrian , Oprea Dinu Iulian , Filote Constantin
Published: November 2019

There are numerous streamwater parameters that exhibit a diurnal cycle. However, the shape of this cycle has a huge variation from one parameter to another and from one monitoring point to another on the same river. Important variations also occur at the same point during some events, such as high waters. Water level, specific conductivity, dissolved oxygen, oxidation reduction potential, and pH of the Suceava River were monitored for 365 days (2018–2019, hourly sampling frequency) in order to assess the upstream-downstream changes in the diurnal cycle of these parameters, some of these changes being caused by the impact of Suceava city, which is located between the selected monitoring points. The multiresolution analysis of the maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform and the wavelet coherence analysis were combined in a flexible methodology that helped in comparing the upstream and downstream shapes of the diurnal cycle. The methodology allowed for a fast comparison of diurnal profiles during periods of high waters or baseflow. Notable changes were observed in the moments of diurnal maxima and minima.
Electric Trolley Trucks—A Techno-Economic Assessment for Germany
Authors: Wietschel Martin , Gnann Till , Plötz Patrick , Doll Claus
Published: November 2019

Road freight transport is responsible for about one-third of road transport emissions and it is still growing. One solution to decarbonize this sector are electric trolley trucks powered by overhead lines. We compare electric trolley trucks to conventional diesel vehicles from a techno-economic perspective in Germany up to 2030. We find that an infrastructure set-up ordered by utilization of roads can be financed up to 2700 km with higher savings than cost. The impact on the energy system is lower than expected and the largest impacts are found in rural areas with highway intersections. Further fields of research are discussed.
Literary convention and historical reality : The court in the Welsh poetry of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries
Authors: Owen Morfydd Elizabeh
Published: November 2019

Welsh poetry from its earliest days has focussed on the court of the ruler. Descriptions of court celebration had already become a topos of the poetry of the official bards by the time of the Gododdin stanzas of the sixth century. This paper mainly analyzes the poetry of the Gogynfeirdd of the 12th and 13th centuries, which have been referred to as ‘The Court Poets of the Welsh Princes’. They use the same topoi to describe court life. The poets also refer to specific places. The names of some of these, such as Aberffraw and Cemais, have a significance in contemporary politics. After characterizing the llys (court) with the help of the Lawtexts, archaeological data and historical documents, the author deals with some particular questions, such as poems dedicated to court officials, or poems corroborating the legal documents.
The Norse element in Scottish Gaelic
Authors: Cox Richard A. V.
Published: November 2019

L’élément nordique en gaélique d’Ecosse.

L’auteur examine le lexique emprunté au vieux-norrois en gaélique d’Ecosse, à partir des sources littéraires et toponymiques ; il en fait un classement sémantique et socio-linguistique (noms propres, mots communs liés à l’occupation du sol, à l’élevage et à la pêche ; à la flore et à la faune ; à la description du paysage), montrant qu’il y a eu un contact prolongé entre les deux cultures. Il traite des problèmes phonologiques et morphologiques qui s’y rapportent.
Tradition et innovation dans la poésie orale du Conamara aujourd’hui
Authors: Denvir Gearóid
Published: November 2019

Tradition and innovation in the oral poetry of Conamara today.

Traditional poets of Conamara today practice their craft at the end of an uninterrupted continuum of 2000 years. The psychological consciousness, the ‘Weltanschauung’ of their art procede from the Gaelic symbolic universe as it has developed through the centuries. The narrative voice and the function of this oral poetry also procede from tradition. Compared with so-called modern poetry, this art depicts everyday-life in the Gaeltacht community of Conamara from the inside. The poems contain no high philosophy nor fundamental questions concerning human nature. Though they function in a modern world, the poets understand very well the importance of tradition. This lecture discusses the link in this poetry between ancient modes of thought and modern concepts of the world.
Gaulish Sunartiu
Authors: Hamp Eric P.
Published: November 2019

Gaulois sunartiu

Acceptant la nouvelle lecture sunartiu proposée par P.-Y. Lambert (début de la tablette de Chamalières), l’auteur conclut à un degré réduit ancien, *su-nrt-io- (neutre) et apporte plusieurs compléments méthodologiques ou théoriques à la précédente analyse du mot. En appendice, réflexions sur le livre récent de Patrizia de Bernardo Stempel consacré au traitement des sonantes (liquides, nasales) en celtique.
Lepontic, Celtiberian, Gaulish and the archaeological evidence
Authors: Hoz Javier de
Published: November 2019

Lépontique, Celtibère, Gaulois et les sources archéologiques.

L’auteur se propose de pallier la rareté des documents linguistiques du Celtique continental en utilisant les sources archéologiques. Comme certains documents lépontiques ont reçu une datation plus reculée, il suppose que la culture immédiatement précédente (Champs d’Urnes) a pu être partiellement celtique, à cet endroit. Redéfinissant les traits spécifiques du Lépontique, il remarque le petit nombre des innovations (comparées à celles du Gaulois) et admet que le Proto-lépontique devait être proche du Celtique commun. L’irruption du gaulois en Cisalpine (ainsi qu’en bien d’autres endroits) n’est qu’un aspect de l’expansion importante de la culture Laténienne. Même la France a gardé des traces d’un parler celtique pré-gaulois (noms en -qu-). L’Espagne présente une situation plus compliquée, mais sans aucune trace confirmée de gaulois.
Further to tongu do dia toinges mo thuath, &c.
Authors: Koch John Thomas
Published: November 2019

A propos de tongu do día toinges mo thúath, etc.

L’auteur explique comme apparentés cette formule irlandaise et le serment gallois tynghaf tynghet it, ainsi que leurs variantes et le Gaulois toncnaman toncsiiontio (Chamalières). Ces expressions viennent d’une déformation tabouistique du Celtique Commun, à partir de *tongū (do) Lugue lugjom, où il fallait éviter de nommer à la fois le nom du dieu du serment et le nom commun presque homophone. Le Celtique commun *tonketo- “destinée (jurée)” (> virl. tocad, moy.gall. tynghet) a été formé comme un mot désacralisé pour remplacer *lugjom (> virl. luge, moy. gall. llw “serment”), ce qui s’est produit dans le contexte du mythe et du culte de la divinité principale, Lugus.
Christian past and primal present
Authors: Mackey James P.
Published: November 2019

Kim McCone’s recent book Pagan Past and Christian Present favours an anti-nativist over a nativist view of early Irish literature : this literature contains either a coherent Christian senchus from monastic literati working in a cosmopolitan Ireland (anti-nativist), or barely adulterated repositories of pagan belief written by lay scholars from pure oral traditions in an isolated and superficially christianised country (nativist). The author argues that the very terms of this controversy hinder rather than help the interpretation of this literature, mainly because this controversy itself forces one to ignore characteristic ways in which ‘new’ religions manage their encounter with ‘old’ religions. The religionist can illustrate these ways and to that extent throw a more searching light on the literature in question, on ‘monasticism’, sovereignty, prophetic figures.
La procédure d’usucapion dans la Vita Leonorii (IXe siècle) ?
Authors: Merdrignac Bernard
Published: November 2019

La Vita de Saint Lunaire a généralement été dédaignée par les historiens sous prétexte qu’il s’agissait d’une légende folklorique. Seuls N.K. Chadwick et L. Fleuriot ont fait remarquer l’intérêt historique des chapitres rapportant l’installation des émigrants bretons. La mise à jour de fragments d’un manuscrit carolingien concernant précisément cet épisode oblige à reconsidérer sa portée. Toutes les versions concordent pour faire s’étendre sur 89 jours les travaux de défrichements. Cette durée correspond à celle du printemps du calendrier celtique, période durant laquelle les législations insulaires prévoient l’interruption des poursuites judiciaires en cas d’usurpation d’une propriété héréditaire. Dès lors, pourquoi les hagiographes successifs n’auraient-ils pas transmis ici une tradition originelle ?
The role of toponymy in the Ordnance Survey of Ireland
Authors: Ó Maolfabhail Art
Published: November 2019

Ireland has the unique, and somewhat paradoxical distinction in modern times, of giving the status of First Official Language to a Celtic Language which, at the same time, is designated a lesser-used language of the European Community. This state policy gives national status to the Irish-languages forms of the current placenames of Ireland and is officially supported by a government-appointed advisory Commission, An Coimisiún Logainmneacha.

In the days of total British administration in Ireland the Ordnance Survey, that is the government mapping agency, through its vigorous Topographic Department in the early 19th century devoted great care to the Celtic toponymy of Ireland mainly for the purpose of providing written forms which would be suitable for use in the English language. This paper describes the part presently being played by the national mapping agency of modern Ireland in implementing the state policy of bilingualism. In particular, reference is made to the use of the science of toponymy in restoring the original Irish forms of the placenames, thus providing rich sources for linguistic, dialectal and historic studies.