bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measuring the impact of teaching approaches on achievement‐related emotions: The use of the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire
Authors: Starkey‐Perret Rebecca , Deledalle Aurore , Jeoffrion Christine , Rowe Charlotte
Published: September 2017

Background

This study focuses on achievement emotions in a context of foreign language acquisition in a French‐speaking population.

Aims

Firstly, the reliability and construct validity of the Achievement Emotion Questionnaire were examined; the second aim was to compare the effectiveness of two teaching approaches, classical and task‐based learning and teaching (TBLT) on students' emotions over time.

Sample

This study involves 299 participants.

Methods

Achievement Emotions were rated with a self‐administrated questionnaire at the beginning of the academic year and at its end.

Results

To verify the psychometric aim, a series of confirmatory factor analyses were computed and showed that the original multifactorial structure proposed by Pekrun et al. (2010) had the best fit. For the second aim, the results showed that all of the achievement emotions reduced in intensity over the school year (apart from boredom) and this reduction is higher for the anxiety level of pupils in 6th grade with TBLT.

Conclusions

Implications for further research and educational practice are discussed.
Tales of Fallen Empires: The Andean Utopia in the Eighteenth‐Century British Press
Authors: YAYA MCKENZIE ISABEL
Published: September 2017

The upsurge of press titles in eighteenth‐century Britain provided unprecedented public arenas to discuss socio‐political issues within a global context. Imperial sovereignty became an item of debate infusing as much the commentaries on current affairs as the fictional pieces that contributed to the popularity of newspapers and magazines. This article explores a selective stock of press narratives where Britain's imperial aspirations are set against the backdrop of the fall of the Inca Empire, a theme that became increasingly popular in the wider literary spectrum. This corpus is examined in light of the transnational circulation bearing on the Andean utopia discourses.
‘To Fill Yourself with Goodness’: Revolutionary Self‐Making in Bolivarian Venezuela
Authors: WILDE MATT
Published: September 2017

This article explores how utopian visions are articulated by chavista activists in Venezuela through the practice of “revolutionary self‐making”. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the city of Valencia between 2008 and 2012, it aims to demonstrate how close attention to the formation of new moral and spiritual selves is an integral part of the way that chavistas enact and experience political protagonism. In doing so, the article seeks to provide a ground level view of utopian visions as they are manifested discursively and practically in everyday life.
Inactivated Sendai virus particle upregulates cancer cell expression of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 and enhances natural killer cell sensitivity on cancer cells
Authors: Li Simin , Nishikawa Tomoyuki , Kaneda Yasufumi
Published: September 2017

We have already reported that the inactivated Sendai virus (hemagglutinating virus of Japan; HVJ) envelope (HVJ‐E) has multiple anticancer effects, including induction of cancer‐selective cell death and activation of anticancer immunity. The HVJ‐E stimulates dendritic cells to produce cytokines and chemokines such as β‐interferon, interleukin‐6, chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 5, and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 10, which activate both CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells and recruit them to the tumor microenvironment. However, the effect of HVJ‐E on modulating the sensitivity of cancer cells to immune cell attack has yet to be investigated. In this study, we found that HVJ‐E induced the production of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1, CD54), a ligand of lymphocyte function‐associated antigen 1, in several cancer cell lines through the activation of nuclear factor‐κB downstream of retinoic acid‐inducible gene I and the mitochondrial antiviral signaling pathway. The upregulation of ICAM‐1 on the surface of cancer cells increased the sensitivity of cancer cells to NK cells. Knocking out expression of ICAM‐1 in MDA‐MB‐231 cells using the CRISPR/Cas9 method significantly reduced the killing effect of NK cells on ICAM‐1‐depleted MDA‐MB‐231 cells. In addition, HVJ‐E suppressed tumor growth in MDA‐MB‐231 tumor‐bearing SCID mice, and the HVJ‐E antitumor effect was impaired when NK cells were depleted by treatment with the anti‐asialo GM1 antibody. Our findings suggest that HVJ‐E enhances NK cell sensitivity against cancer cells by increasing ICAM‐1 expression on the cancer cell surface.
Progressive impairment of testicular endocrine function in ageing men: Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone decrease, and luteinizing hormone increases, in men transitioning from the 8th to 9th decades of life
Authors: Yeap Bu B. , Manning Laurens , Chubb S. A. Paul , Handelsman David J. , Almeida Osvaldo P. , Hankey Graeme J. , Flicker Leon
Published: September 2017

Context

Sex hormone trajectories in ageing men and their health implications remain unclear. We examined longitudinal trajectories and associations of testosterone (T), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), oestradiol (E2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) in oldest old men.

Design

Prospective cohort study.

Participants

We studied 1025 community‐dwelling men median age 75.1 years at baseline with 8.6 years of follow‐up.

Measurements

Baseline and follow‐up T, DHT and E2 were assayed using mass spectrometry. Physical performance was assessed at follow‐up. Correlations and covariate‐adjusted P‐values were determined.

Results

Longitudinal change in T was −2.0%/year, DHT −7.2%/year, LH +7.5%/year, SHBG +5.6%/year while E2 remained stable. Annualized increases in LH correlated with decreases in T and DHT (r = −.20, P < .0001 and r = −.12, P = .0035, respectively). Higher baseline T correlated with better physical performance at follow‐up (eg, Step test r = .07, P = .03), as did higher baseline DHT (eg, time to sit–stand [TSS] r = −.07, P = .01). Larger annualized increases in LH predicted poorer physical performance at follow‐up (eg, TSS r = .14, P = .001). Higher T at follow‐up was associated with better physical performance (eg, TSS r = −.07, P = .04), as were higher DHT and lower LH. At baseline, 24 men (2.4%) had abnormally high LH (>16 IU/L); at follow‐up, 175 (17.4%) had high LH of whom 70 had low T (<6.4 nmol/L).

Conclusions

Annualized increases in LH are associated with declines in T and DHT, and predict poorer subsequent physical performance in oldest old men. Men transitioning from 8th to 9th decades exhibit biochemical evidence of progressively impaired testicular endocrine function, warranting further evaluation.
Estrogen differentially regulates the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and nerve growth factor through free radical generation in the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of middle‐aged ovariectomized female Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Ravichandran Kishore A. , Karrunanithi Sunil , Hima Lalgi , Pratap Uday P. , Priyanka Hannah P. , ThyagaRajan Srinivasan
Published: September 2017

Objective

Sympathetic neuronal activity in the thymus and lymph nodes is differentially regulated during reproductive aging. The aim was to investigate the role of estrogen on sympathetic neuronal expression in the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes of early middle‐aged ovariectomized female rats implanted with 17β‐estradiol pellets.

Methods

17β‐Estradiol pellets (0.6 and 300) were implanted subcutaneously in ovariectomized middle‐aged female Sprague–Dawley rats (n = 8/group) for a period of 30 days. At the end of the treatment period, the thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes were isolated and analyzed for the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, nerve growth factor, and p‐ERK, p‐CREB and p‐Akt.

Results

The age‐related increase in tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the thymus was abrogated by ovariectomy, while estrogen suppressed it further and nerve growth factor expression was altered based on the dose of estrogen. In contrast, estrogen increased tyrosine hydroxylase and nerve growth factor expression in the mesenteric lymph nodes. Estrogen enhanced p‐ERK/total ERK, CREB/total CREB and p‐Akt/total Akt expression in a dose‐dependent manner. Free radical generation was augmented by estrogen in the thymus alone.

Conclusions

These results suggest that estrogen differentially influences sympathetic neuronal activity in the primary and secondary lymphoid organs to influence immunity.
Examining Neighborhood Opportunity and Locational Outcomes for Housing Choice Voucher Recipients: A Comparative Study between Duval County, Florida, and Bexar County, Texas
Authors: Wang Ruoniu , Walter Rebecca J. , Arafat Abdulnaser A. , Ding Xuesong , Naji Ammar A.
Published: September 2017

Recent attention has highlighted the importance of providing low–income households access to opportunity–rich neighborhoods. Using a neighborhood opportunity framework developed specifically for the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program, this study investigates whether low–income households participating in the program live in opportunity areas. The results indicate that with scarce high–opportunity neighborhoods, most HCV households reside in mixed opportunity areas and face tradeoffs when deciding where to live. Voucher holders reside in areas with moderate or poor accessibility and neighborhood conditions compared to other assisted and nonassisted low–income renters. Opportunity outcomes also vary among different household types of HCV recipients.
Comparative study of new autologous material, bone‐cartilage composite graft, for ossiculoplasty with Polycel® and Titanium
Authors: Kong J.S. , Jeong C.Y. , Shim M.J. , Kim W.J. , Yeo S.W. , Park S.N.
Published: September 2017

Objective

Ossiculoplasty is a surgical procedure that recreates sound transmission of the middle ear in conductive hearing loss. Various materials have been used for ossicular reconstruction, but the most ideal material for ossiculoplasty remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel method of autologous ossiculoplasty, bone‐cartilage composite graft (BCCG) and to compare its surgical results with different types of ossiculoplastic prostheses.

Study Design

A retrospective study was performed in a tertiary referral centre.

Methods

Data of 275 patients who received ossiculoplasty using the three different materials of BCCG, Polycel® and titanium were analysed according to type of ossiculoplasty: partial or total ossicular replacement prosthesis (PORP or TORP). Hearing results, complication rates and clinical parameters including age, sex, past history, preoperative diagnosis and surgery type were compared among different groups.

Results

Ossiculoplasty with BCCG showed satisfactory hearing outcomes and the lowest complication rate among the three different materials. In particular, its extrusion rate was 0%.

Conclusion

We propose that the BCCG technique is a useful alternative method for ossiculoplasty, with proper patient selection.
What patients and members of their support networks ask about transplant program data
Authors: Schaffhausen Cory R. , Bruin Marilyn J. , Chesley Daryl , McBride Maureen , Snyder Jon J. , Kasiske Bertram L. , Israni Ajay K.
Published: September 2017

Transplant patients often seek specific data and statistics to inform medical decision making; however, for many relevant measures, patient‐friendly information is not available. Development of patient‐centered resources should be informed by patient needs. This study used qualitative document research methods to review 678 detailed Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) entries and summary counts of 55 362 United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) entries to provide a better understanding of what was asked and what requests were most common. Incoming call and email logs maintained by SRTR and UNOS were reviewed for 2010‐2015. Patients sought a wide range of information about outcomes, waiting times, program volumes, and willingness to perform transplants in candidates with specific diseases or demographics. Patients and members of their support networks requested explanation of complex information, such as actual‐vs‐expected outcomes, and of general transplant processes, such as registering on the waiting list or becoming a living donor. They sought transplant program data from SRTR and UNOS, but encountered gaps in the information they wanted and occasionally struggled to interpret some data. These findings were used to identify potential gaps in providing program‐specific data and to enhance the SRTR website (www.srtr.org) with more patient‐friendly information.
Dab1 contributes differently to the morphogenesis of the hippocampal subdivisions
Authors: Blume Marissa , Inoguchi Fuduki , Sugiyama Taku , Owada Yuji , Osumi Noriko , Aimi Yoshinari , Taki Kosuke , Katsuyama Yu
Published: September 2017

The hippocampal formation (HF) is morphologically and functionally distinguishable into the subdivisions, such as the dentate gyrus (DG), subiculum, and Ammon's horn. The Ammon's horn is further divided into the CA (Cornu Ammonis)1, CA2, and CA3. The Reelin‐Dab1 signal is essential for the morphogenesis of the mammalian brain. In the neocortex of Reelin‐Dab1 signal mutants the laminar pattern of the neurons is disrupted along the radial axis. Morphological abnormalities in the HF of the Reelin‐Dab1 mutants were known, but how these abnormalities appear during development had not been extensively studied. We examined the morphology of the well‐developed Dab1 deficient HF by staining with a silver impregnation method in this report, and found that disruption of lamination in the CA1, CA3, and DG was different. Abnormalities observed in the development of Dab1 deficient CA1 were similar to those reported in the neocortical development, while Dab1 deficient CA3 neuronal progenitors radially spreaded beyond presumptive pyramidal layer. The intermediate progenitor cells ectopically located in the Dab1 deficient DG, but neurogenesis was normal in the CA1 and CA3. These observations suggest that the morphogenesis in these HF subdivisions employs different developmental mechanisms involving Dab1 function.
Access to early diagnostics, intervention, and support for children with a neurobiological developmental delay or disorder
Authors: Cloet Eva , Leys Mark , De Meirleir Linda
Published: September 2017

This commentary is on the original articles by Arim et al. and Benevides et al. on pages 1284–1290 and 1291–1298.
A Brand Culture Approach to Managing Nation‐Brands
Authors: Yalkin Cagri
Published: September 2017

The objective of this note is to formulate conceptual links between nation brands, international relations, and politics through the development of research questions that are underpinned by a brand‐culture approach. The focus is on the export of Turkey's soap operas to diverse locations around the globe, but in particular to the Middle East and the Balkans. The note calls for: (1) forging a dialogue across international relations, political science, media, and management studies through a brand‐culture lens which allows for a historical understanding; (2) focusing on historical and political discourses as resources in interpreting nation brands and cultural and creative goods; and, (3) focusing on nation branding between countries in the Global South. Forging a dialogue across disciplines and focusing on how consumers make use of historical and political discourses informs both commercial and diplomatic co‐creators of nation brands.
Liquidity Risk and Volatility Risk in Credit Spread Models: A Unified Approach
Authors: Perrakis Stylianos , Zhong Rui
Published: September 2017

We present an integrated framework incorporating both exogenous liquidity risk in the secondary corporate bond market and volatility risk in the dynamics of asset value in debt rollover models. Using an innovative theoretical approach we derive general expressions for the debt and equity values in all cases. Taking advantage of the analytical expressions for the asset value with the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) process, we show numerically using realistic parameter values from empirical studies that volatility risk, together with deteriorating bond market liquidity, decreases both debt and equity values and significantly increases the credit spreads.
Long‐term changes in recruitment of age‐0 Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) and environmental conditions around Japan
Authors: Ishida Yukimasa , Fukuda Hiromu , Fujioka Ko , Sakai Osamu , Hiraoka Yuko , Oshima Kazuhiro , Nakatsuka Shuya , Suzuki Nobuaki , Shimada Hiroyuki
Published: September 2017

Recruitment of age‐0 Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) from 1952 to 2014 was examined by a sequential regime shift detection method. The regime shifts in recruitment were detected in 1957, 1972, 1980, 1994 and 2009. The durations of regime shift ranged from 8–15 years and averaged 13.0 years. In both the total (1952–2014) and data rich (1980–2014) periods, negative relationships were found between recruitment and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation in autumn, and positive relationships were found between recruitment and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the northern part of the East China Sea, in the southwestern part of the Sea of Japan, and in the waters off Shikoku and Tokai in summer and autumn. The 1994 and 2009 regime shifts in recruitment occurred in the same years as shifts in SST anomalies in the northern part of the East China Sea in summer. These results suggest that the ocean conditions in the northern part of the East China Sea are closely related to recruitment of Pacific bluefin tuna, and that the warmer conditions result in higher recruitment of the species.
How to Draw a Neighborhood? The Potential of Big Data, Regionalization, and Community Detection for Understanding the Heterogeneous Nature of Urban Neighborhoods
Authors: Poorthuis Ate
Published: September 2017

How to draw neighborhood boundaries, or spatial regions in general, has been a long‐standing focus in Geography. This article examines this question from a methodological perspective, often referred to as regionalization, with an empirical study of neighborhoods in New York City. I argue that methodological advances, combined with the affordances of big data, enable a different, more nuanced approach to regionalization than has been possible in the past. Conventional data sets often dictate constraints in terms of data availability and spatio‐temporal granularity. However, big data is now available at much finer spatio‐temporal scales and covers a wider array of aspects of social life. The emergence of these data sets supports the notion that neighborhoods can be fuzzy and highly dependent on spatio‐temporal scales and socio‐economic variables. As such, these new data sets can help to bring quantitative analysis in line with social theory that has long emphasized the heterogeneous nature of neighborhoods. This article uses a data set of geotagged tweets to demonstrate how different “sets” of neighborhoods may exist at different spatio‐temporal scales and for different algorithms. Such varying neighborhood boundaries are not a technical problem in need of a solution but rather a reflection of the complexity of the underlying urban fabric.
Peripheral Inclusion Through Informal Silencing and Voice — A Study of LGB Officers in the Swedish Police
Authors: Rennstam Jens , Sullivan Katie Rose
Published: September 2017

Seen through the growth of progressive diversity policies it may appear that contemporary organizations are sites of equality. But although inclusion is the formally stated aim of many organizations, exclusionary pressures toward LGBT workers still challenge sexual minorities' access to full inclusion. A central concern in this paper is exploring how to understand inclusion in organizational contexts where inclusion is formally advocated, and yet where both inclusionary and exclusionary pressures exist. Drawing on an interview study of Swedish gay and lesbian police officers we present the concept ‘peripheral inclusion' as a way to understand inclusion in contemporary organizational life. In addition, we theorize that the dynamics between silencing and voice is a key mode that impacts the informal ways in which exclusion and inclusion occur. We thereby contribute to previous research on inclusion that has focused on the degree to which minorities are included by conceptualizing the mode in which inclusion occurs in everyday work. Studying modes and degrees of inclusion and exclusion in relation to each other highlights how inclusion is a collective and fragile process in which inclusionary and exclusionary pressures coexist, and that questions of who and what is included in contemporary organizations are shifting and open questions.
Probing Early Motion Processing With Eye Movements: Differences of Vestibular Migraine, Migraine With and Without Aura in the Attack Free Interval
Authors: Rogalinski S. , Rambold H.A.
Published: September 2017

Background

Migraineurs, in between headache attacks, have a different sensitivity to sensory motion stimuli compared to non‐migraineurs.

Methods

This cross‐sectional laboratory study examines the motion processing in migraineurs using ocular following responses (OFR) elicited by large field random dot patterns and open‐loop smooth pursuit eye movements (PS) elicited by a single target moving on a homogenous background. Eye movements were recorded with a video‐oculographic system (EyeSeeTec®) and stimuli presented on a CRT at 100 Hz repetition rate to horizontal stimuli of a velocity of 2.5 to 160°/s. Eye movements were analyzed during the open loop period.

Results

We recorded 43 migraine patients: 14 migraine with (MwA), 19 without aura (MwoA), 10 vestibular migraine (VM), and 16 healthy controls. ANOVA analysis of OFR responses amplitudes showed significant differences in the subgroup (control, MwA, MwoA, and VM) (F3,409 =29.8, P < .001), stimulus velocity (F6,406=12.6, P < .001), and interaction (F18,394=1.9, P = .015). Fitting the OFR response velocity tuning by a “Weibull” function showed that the subgroups were different in the linear scaling factor (F4,53= 4.3, P < .001) but not in parameters defining the overall form of the tuning function. In contrast, the initial open‐loop responses of PS were not changed compared to control for the three different migraine subgroups.

Conclusion

From the findings, we hypothesize that in the migraine subtypes, MwA and VM, there is different sensory motion information processing for OFR compared to MwoA and control, not explained by a neuronal hyperexcitability in V5. OFR might be a possible subclinical marker in the future to diagnose MwA and VM.
Partners in protest: parents, unions and anti‐academy campaigns
Authors: Muna Suzanne
Published: September 2017

An analytical framework has been developed in order to enhance our ability to interrogate and understand the critical factors for successful union–community coalitions. The framework is then tested on a single case study, a campaign run by trade unions, parents and community groups engaged in opposing academisation of their community school. The framework helps structure analysis and aids evaluation of the impact of activists' choices on campaign outcomes.
Medications affecting healing: an evidence‐based analysis
Authors: Khalil Hanan , Cullen Marianne , Chambers Helen , McGrail Matthew
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this arm of the study was to investigate the impact of medication on healing times of the various wound types, including acute wounds and leg ulcers. A prospective longitudinal study design was used, with de‐identified data collected using an electronic mobile wound care database system. Three main categories of data were collected, including patients' demographics, wounds types and treatment characteristics. For acute wounds, there was a total of 1732 patients with 2089 acute wounds. The average healing time was about 35 days. The only significant association was with chemotherapy, which increased healing time by 21 days (P = 0·048). There were non‐significant trends towards reduced healing times with antibiotics (0·5 days; P = 0·853), anticoagulants (1·7 days, P = 0·673) and corticosteroids (4·98 days, P = 0·303). Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were associated with a non‐significant increase in healing time (2·17 days, P = 0·707). For leg ulcers, there was a total of 264 patients with 370 leg ulcers. We only examined the impact of antibiotics, anticoagulants, corticosteroids and NSAIDs on healing times as they had an adequate number of wounds to analyse. The average healing times of leg ulcers were found to be 73 days. None of the classes of medications had any significant impact on healing time. Both anticoagulants and NSAIDs increased healing time by (22·5 days, P = 0·08) and (12·5 days, P = 0·03), respectively. On the other hand, antibiotics and corticosteroids decreased healing times non‐significantly by (9·1 days, P = 0·33) and (21·6 days, P = 0·84), respectively.
Elastic, mechanical, electronic, and defective properties of Zr–Al–C nanolaminates from first principles
Authors: Wang Changying , Han Han , Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhang Wei , Guo Yongliang , Ren Cuilan , Zeng Guangli , Huang Qing , Huai Ping
Published: September 2017

By means of first principles calculations, Zr–Al–C nanolaminates have been studied in the aspects of chemical bonding, elastic properties, mechanical properties, electronic structures, and vacancy stabilities. Although the investigated Zr–Al–C nanolaminates show crystallographic similarities, their predicated properties are very different. For (ZrC)nAl3C2 (n = 2, 3, 4), the Zr–C bond adjacent to the Al–C slab with the C atom intercalated in the Zr layers is the strongest, but the one with the C atom intercalated between the Zr layer and Al layer is the weakest. In contrast, the situation for (ZrC)nAl4C3 (n = 2, 3) is just the opposite. For Zr–Al–C nanolaminates, the calculated bulk, shear and Young's modulus increase in the sequence of Zr2AlC < Zr3AlC2 < Zr2Al4C5 < Zr3Al4C6 < Zr2Al3C4 < Zr3Al3C5 < Zr4Al3C6. The (ZrC)nAl3C2 (n = 2, 3, 4) series exhibit the most outstanding elastic properties. In the presence of the external pressure, the bulk and shear moduli exhibit a linear response to the pressure, except for Zr2AlC and Zr3AlC2, both of which belong to the so‐called MAX phases. The two materials also exhibit very distinct properties in the strain‐stress relationship, electronic structures and vacancy stabilities. As the intercalated Al layers increase, the formation energy of VZr and VAl increases, while the formation energy of VC decreases.
Hypertension management research priorities from patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers: A report from the Hypertension Canada Priority Setting Partnership Group
Authors: Khan Nadia , Bacon Simon L. , Khan Samia , Perlmutter Sara , Gerlinsky Carline , Dermer Mark , Johnson Lonni , Alves Finderson , McLean Donna , Laupacis Andreas , Pui Mandy , Berg Angelique , Flowitt Felicia ,   on behalf of the Hypertension Canada Priority Setting Partnership Group
Published: September 2017

Patient‐ and stakeholder‐oriented research is vital to improving the relevance of research. The authors aimed to identify the 10 most important research priorities of patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers (family physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, pharmacists, and dietitians) for hypertension management. Using the James Lind Alliance approach, a national web‐based survey asked patients, caregivers, and care providers to submit their unanswered questions on hypertension management. Questions already answered from randomized controlled trial evidence were removed. A priority setting process of patient, caregiver, and healthcare providers then ranked the final top 10 research priorities in an in‐person meeting. There were 386 respondents who submitted 598 questions after exclusions. Of the respondents, 78% were patients or caregivers, 29% lived in rural areas, 78% were aged 50 to 80 years, and 75% were women. The 598 questions were distilled to 42 unique questions and from this list, the top 10 research questions prioritized included determining the combinations of healthy lifestyle modifications to reduce the need for antihypertensive medications, stress management interventions, evaluating treatment strategies based on out‐of‐office blood pressure compared with conventional (office) blood pressure, education tools and technologies to improve patient motivation and health behavior change, management strategies for ethnic groups, evaluating natural and alternative treatments, and the optimal role of different healthcare providers and caregivers in supporting patients with hypertension. These priorities can be used to guide clinicians, researchers, and funding bodies on areas that are a high priority for hypertension management research for patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers. This also highlights priority areas for improved knowledge translation and delivering patient‐centered care.
Rosmarinic acid down‐regulates NO and PGE2 expression viaMAPK pathway in rat chondrocytes
Authors: Chen We‐Ping , Jin Guo‐Jun , Xiong Yan , Hu Peng‐Fei , Bao Jia‐Peng , Wu Li‐Dong
Published: September 2017

Rosmarinic acid (RosA) is a water‐soluble polyphenol, which can be isolated from many herbs such as orthosiphon diffuses and rosmarinus officinalis. Previous studies have shown that RosA possesses various biological properties. In this study, we investigate the anti‐osteoarthritic effects of RosA in rat articular chondrocytes. Chondrocytes were pre‐treated with RosA, followed by the stimulation of IL‐1β. Real‐time PCR and Western blot were performed to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐1, MMP‐3 and MMP‐13. Nitric oxide and PGE2 production were measured by Griess reagent and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) was also investigated by Western blot analysis. We found that RosA down‐regulated the MMPs expression as well as nitric oxide and PGE2 production in IL‐1β‐induced chondrocytes. In addition, RosA inhibited p38 and JNK phosphorylation as well as p65 translocation. The results suggest that RosA may be considered a possible agent in the treatment of OA.
Enhanced immune response induced by P5 HER2/neu‐derived peptide‐pulsed dendritic cells as a preventive cancer vaccine
Authors: Gholizadeh Zahra , Tavakkol‐Afshari Jalil , Nikpoor Amin Reza , Jalali Seyed Amir , Jaafari Mahmoud Reza
Published: September 2017

Dendritic cells are special and powerful antigen‐presenting cells that can induce primary immune responses against tumour‐associated antigens. They can present antigens via both MHC‐I and MHC‐II, so they have the ability to stimulate both cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T helper cells. Furthermore, CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes require activation by CD4+ T cells. This requires a CD4+T cell activator molecule, of which PADRE is one of the best. We chose an approach to use both of these important arms of the immune system. We prepared dendritic cells from mouse bone marrow, loaded them with our target peptides (P5 peptide alone or P5 + PADRE), and then injected these pulsed dendritic cells alone or in combination with CpG‐ODN (as adjuvant) into BALB/C mice. After the last boosting dose, mice were inoculated with TUBO cells, which overexpress HER2/neu. Two weeks after the tumour cell injection, immunological tests were performed on splenocyte suspensions, and the remaining mice were evaluated for tumour growth and survival. Our data indicate the formulation that contains PADRE plus P5 loaded onto DC in combination with CpG‐ODN was the most effective formulation at inducing immune responses. Interferon production in CD4+ and CD8+ gated cells, cytotoxicity rates of target cells and mice survival were all significantly greater in this group than in controls, and all the mice in this group were tumour‐free throughout the experiment. Based on our results and the role of HER2/neu as a candidate in human immunotherapy, this approach may be an effective cancer treatment.
Granulomatous enteritis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) associated with soya bean meal regardless of water dissolved oxygen level
Authors: Mosberian‐Tanha P , Landsverk T , Press C M , Mydland L T , Schrama J W , Øverland M
Published: September 2017

This study investigated morphological changes associated with soya bean meal‐induced enteritis (SBMIE) in distal intestine (DI) of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed a soya bean meal (SBM)‐based diet and exposed to normoxia or hypoxia created by optimal and low water flow rates, respectively. A 28‐day adaption period was followed by a 42‐day challenge period where 600 fish were subjected to dietary challenge and/or hypoxia. Twelve tanks each containing 50 juvenile trout were assigned randomly in triplicate to each treatment. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation revealed pathological features that have not previously been described in association with SBMIE. Vacuolar degeneration of epithelial cells mainly at the base of mucosal folds, epithelial cysts, epithelial dysplasia, necrosis, shedding of necrotic cells, and granulomatous inflammation including infiltration of enlarged, sometimes finely vacuolated or “foamy” macrophages, multinucleated giant cells and increased proliferation of fibroblasts were observed. Acid‐fast bacteria were not detected in enlarged macrophages; however, these cells contained AB‐PAS‐ and sometimes cytokeratin‐positive material, which was interpreted to be of epithelial/goblet cell origin. Hypoxia did not affect the morphological changes in DI. These results suggest that SBM was associated with a granulomatous form of enteritis in DI of rainbow trout regardless of water oxygen level.
Effect of clonidine on the efficacy of lignocaine local anesthesia in dentistry: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized, controlled trials
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan Gowri , Sridharan Kannan
Published: September 2017

Alternatives to adrenaline with lignocaine local anesthesia, such as clonidine, have been trialed in various randomized, controlled trials. Therefore, the aim of the present systematic review was to compile the available evidence on using clonidine with lignocaine for dental anesthesia. Electronic databases were searched for eligible studies. A data‐extraction form was created, extracted data were analyzed using non‐Cochrane mode in RevMan 5.3 software. Heterogeneity between the studies were assessed using the forest plot, I2 statistics (where >50% was considered to have moderate‐to‐severe heterogeneity), and χ2‐test. Random‐effects models were used because of moderate heterogeneity. Five studies were included for the final review. While clonidine was found to significantly shorten the onset of local anesthesia when measured subjectively, no significant difference was observed objectively. No significant difference was observed in the duration and postoperative analgesia. Stable hemodynamic parameters within the safe range were observed postoperatively when clonidine was used. Clonidine could be considered as an alternative to adrenaline in cases of contraindications to adrenaline, such as like cardiac abnormalities, hypertension, and diabetes.
Fisetin provides antidepressant effects by activating the tropomyosin receptor kinase B signal pathway in mice
Authors: Wang Yamin , Wang Bin , Lu Jiaqi , Shi Haixia , Gong Siyi , Wang Yufan , Hamdy Ronald C. , Chua Balvin H. L. , Yang Lingli , Xu Xingshun
Published: September 2017

Depression has been associated with a low‐grade chronic inflammatory state, suggesting a potential therapeutic role for anti‐inflammatory agents. Fisetin is a naturally occurring flavonoid in strawberries that has anti‐inflammatory activities, but whether fisetin has antidepressant effects is unknown. In this study, we exposed mice to spatial restraint for 2 weeks with or without treatment with fisetin. Immobility time in the forced swimming and tail suspension test after this restraint increased in the untreated group, but this increase did not occur in the fisetin group. We administered fisetin to Abelson helper integration site‐1 (Ahi1) knockout mice, which have depressive phenotypes. We found that fisetin attenuated the depressive phenotype of these Ahi1 knockout mice. We further investigated the potential mechanism of fisetin's antidepressant effects. Because TrkB is a critical signaling pathway in the mechanisms of depression, we examined whether phosphorylated TrkB was involved in the antidepressant effects of fisetin. We found that fisetin increased phosphorylated TrkB level without altering total TrkB; this increase was attenuated by K252a, a specific TrkB inhibitor. Taken together, our results demonstrated that fisetin may have therapeutic potential for treating depression and that this antidepressant effect may be mediated by the activation of the TrkB signaling pathway.

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Ontogenetic shift toward stronger, tougher silk of a web‐building, cave‐dwelling spider
Authors: Piorkowski D. , Blamires S. J. , Doran N. E. , Liao C.‐P. , Wu C.‐L. , Tso I.‐M.
Published: September 2017

Animal morphological traits may vary across life stages. Web‐building spiders are diverse insectivores that can display ontogenetic shifts in the design and properties of their webs. Nevertheless, we know little about how a critical component of their webs, major ampullate silk (MAS), varies in property across life stages, inferably owing to a difficulty in finding suitable model species. The Tasmanian cave spider Hickmania troglodytes presents as a good model as it is long‐lived and grows to a large body size with overlapping generations. We collected MAS from the webs of different‐sized H. troglodytes and performed tensile tests on MAS fibers collected from their webs to search for shifts in properties over life stages. We found that strength and toughness (i.e. ability to deform and absorb energy) of the MAS increased with spider carapace width and body length. We expect that such a shift in silk performance across life stages has distinctive advantages, including enhanced prey capture capabilities, an improvement in the economy of silk production and ability of the web to support the spider's larger body.
Law and Identity in Colonial South Asia
Authors: Raman Bhavani
Published: September 2017

This essay articulates the contributions of Mitra Sharafi's study of Parsi legal culture to colonial legal studies. Situated at the intersection of the literature on legal pluralism and legal institutions, Law and Identity in Colonial South Asia: Parsi Legal Culture, 1772–1947 (2014) uses a range of new legal sources and case law to recover a remarkable history of collective identity that emerged via the medium and infrastructure of law. The Parsis' active participation in colonial legal institutions not only reshaped their normative worlds but also de-anglicized imperial law.
Women's Rights Issues Among Bombay Parsis: A Legal Anthropologist's Thoughts on Mitra Sharafi's Law and Identity in Colonial South Asia
Authors: Vatuk Sylvia
Published: September 2017

I focus in this essay on legal issues related to women's rights in the British colonial period that are discussed in Mitra Sharafi's 2014 book, Law and Identity in Colonial South Asia: Parsi Legal Culture, 1772–1947. Beginning in the early nineteenth century, the Parsi leadership actively lobbied for laws related to intestate inheritance, women's property rights, divorce, and child marriage that were consistent with their community's customary values and practices. During the same period, legal reform movements were also underway on behalf of Hindu and Muslim women and, to a lesser extent, Christian women. This essay highlights some of the common themes in those movements and discusses, in particular, the similarities and differences in what was achieved for Parsi women and their Hindu sisters, as they and their respective male leaders traversed the road toward greater gender equality under the law.
Loyal Opposition: Minorities and State Law
Authors: Likhovski Assaf
Published: September 2017

This essay on Mitra Sharafi's Law and Identity in Colonial South Asia: Parsi Legal Culture, 1772–1947 (2014) focuses on the relationship between certain minorities and the law of the state. It seeks to expand the discussion found in Sharafi's book in three directions: first, by comparing the attitude of Parsis in South Asia to the law of the state with the attitude of German Jewish immigrants in mandatory Palestine and Israel to state law; second, by asking whether the Parsis' embracing of state law was linked to their economic success; and, finally, by pointing to the nature of law itself as a “minority discourse.”
A comparison of growth patterns between non‐indigenous Halophila nipponica and the native sympatric Zostera marina on the southern coast of the Korean peninsula
Authors: Park Jung‐Im , Kim Jeong Bae , Lee Kun‐Seop
Published: September 2017

The growth dynamics of two co‐occurring seagrass species, Zostera marina and Halophila nipponica, were examined on the southern coast of the Korean peninsula. Zostera marina is a native dominant seagrass species in Korean coastal waters, whereas H. nipponica is a non‐native tropical and subtropical species that has extended its distributional range to the temperate coastal areas of Korea. To examine the differences in the growth dynamics of H. nipponica and Z.  marina, their morphology, density, productivity and biomass, as well as local environmental conditions, were monitored monthly from January 2008 to July 2009. Underwater irradiance at the study site was the highest in April 2009 and the lowest in January 2008. Water temperature ranged from 10.4°C in January 2009 to 24.8°C in September 2008. Significant differences in growth dynamics were observed between the species, due to the effect of water temperature at the study site. Density and areal productivity were the highest in April 2008 and June 2008, respectively, for Z.  marina but the highest in July 2008 for H. nipponica. Leaf size, shoot height and shoot weight were the highest in July 2008 for Z.  marina but the highest in August 2008 or September 2008 for H. nipponica. The productivity of both species was strongly correlated with water temperature at the study site. However, the productivity of these species was not strongly correlated with underwater irradiance or the nutrient availability of either the water column or sediment pore water. Zostera marina exhibited the ecological characteristics of a temperate seagrass, whereas H. nipponica retained the features of a subtropical/tropical seagrass, even after adapting to the temperate coastal waters of Korea.
A qualitative study exploring midwives' perceptions and knowledge of maternal obesity: Reflecting on their experiences of providing healthy eating and weight management advice to pregnant women
Authors: McCann Mary T. , Newson Lisa , Burden Catriona , Rooney Jane S. , Charnley Margaret S. , Abayomi Julie C.
Published: September 2017

Midwives are responsible for providing advice regarding the complex issues of healthy eating and weight management during pregnancy. This study utilised an inductive data‐driven thematic approach in order to determine midwives' perceptions, knowledge, and experiences of providing healthy eating and weight management advice to pregnant women. Semistructured interviews with 17 midwives were transcribed verbatim and data subjected to thematic analysis. The findings offer insight into the challenges facing midwives in their role trying to promote healthy eating and appropriate weight management to pregnant women. Three core themes were identified: (a) “If they eat healthily it will bring their weight down”: Midwives Misunderstood; (b) “I don't think we are experienced enough”: Midwives Lack Resources and Expertise; and (c) “BMI of 32 wouldn't bother me”: Midwives Normalised Obesity. The midwives recognised the importance of providing healthy eating advice to pregnant women and the health risks associated with poor diet and obesity. However, they reported the normalisation of obesity in pregnant women and suggested that this, together with their high workload and lack of expertise, explained the reasons why systematic advice was not in standard antenatal care. In addition, the current lack of UK clinical guidance, and thus, possibly lack of clinical leadership are also preventing delivery of tailored advice. Implementation literature on understanding the barriers to optimal health care delivery and informing clinical practice through research evidence needs to be further investigated in this field. This study has recommendations for policy makers, commissioners, service providers, and midwives.
Isolation of Candida auris from 9 patients in Central America: Importance of accurate diagnosis and susceptibility testing
Authors: Araúz Ana Belen , Caceres Diego H. , Santiago Erika , Armstrong Paige , Arosemena Susan , Ramos Carolina , Espinosa‐Bode Andres , Borace Jovanna , Hayer Lizbeth , Cedeño Israel , Jackson Brendan R. , Sosa Nestor , Berkow Elizabeth L. , Lockhart Shawn R. , Rodriguez‐French Amalia , Chiller Tom
Published: September 2017

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug‐resistant (MDR) fungus associated with invasive infections and high mortality. This report describes 9 patients from whom C. auris was isolated at a hospital in Panama City, Panama, the first such cases in Central America, and highlights the challenges of accurate identification and methods for susceptibility testing.
Negotiating the Nexus: Symbiotic Relationship of Theory and Practice in Conflict Management
Authors: Broome Benjamin J.
Published: September 2017

The field of conflict resolution has long recognized that theory and practice are both vital in studying peace and conflict. But theory and practice often exist in separate worlds, each vying for privilege and recognition. However, many scholars and practitioners work in the theory–practice nexus, constantly negotiating as they move back and forth between the two domains. But even though tensions often exist between theory and practice, this essay proposes that they function together is a symbiotic relationship. Several ways are proposed for how a symbiotic approach to theory and research can be beneficial for the study and practice of conflict management, and the benefits of doing so are outlined. It is proposed that theory and practice come together in special ways in the classroom, and scholars and practitioners are encouraged to consider possibilities for promoting through teaching and pedagogy the coevolution of knowledge that is the essence of symbiosis.
Improved transcriptome sampling pinpoints 26 ancient and more recent polyploidy events in Caryophyllales, including two allopolyploidy events
Authors: Yang Ya , Moore Michael J. , Brockington Samuel F. , Mikenas Jessica , Olivieri Julia , Walker Joseph F. , Smith Stephen A.
Published: September 2017

Studies of the macroevolutionary legacy of polyploidy are limited by an incomplete sampling of these events across the tree of life. To better locate and understand these events, we need comprehensive taxonomic sampling as well as homology inference methods that accurately reconstruct the frequency and location of gene duplications.

We assembled a data set of transcriptomes and genomes from 168 species in Caryophyllales, of which 43 transcriptomes were newly generated for this study, representing one of the most densely sampled genomic‐scale data sets available. We carried out phylogenomic analyses using a modified phylome strategy to reconstruct the species tree. We mapped the phylogenetic distribution of polyploidy events by both tree‐based and distance‐based methods, and explicitly tested scenarios for allopolyploidy.

We identified 26 ancient and more recent polyploidy events distributed throughout Caryophyllales. Two of these events were inferred to be allopolyploidy.

Through dense phylogenomic sampling, we show the propensity of polyploidy throughout the evolutionary history of Caryophyllales. We also provide a framework for utilizing transcriptome data to detect allopolyploidy, which is important as it may have different macroevolutionary implications compared with autopolyploidy.