bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between combat-related traumatic injury and cardiovascular risk
Authors: Boos Christopher J , Schofield Susie , Cullinan Paul , Dyball Daniel , Fear Nicola T , Bull Anthony M J , Pernet David , Bennett Alexander N
Published: November 2021

Objective

The association between combat-related traumatic injury (CRTI) and cardiovascular risk is uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the association between CRTI and both metabolic syndrome (MetS) and arterial stiffness.

Methods

This was a prospective observational cohort study consisting of 579 male adult UK combat veterans (UK-Afghanistan War 2003–2014) with CRTI who were frequency-matched to 565 uninjured men by age, service, rank, regiment, deployment period and role-in-theatre. Measures included quantification of injury severity (New Injury Severity Score (NISS)), visceral fat area (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), arterial stiffness (heart rate-adjusted central augmentation index (cAIx) and pulse wave velocity (PWV)), fasting venous blood glucose, lipids and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP).

Results

Overall the participants were 34.1±5.4 years, with a mean (±SD) time from injury/deployment of 8.3±2.1 years. The prevalence of MetS (18.0% vs 11.8%; adjusted risk ratio 1.46, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.94, p<0.0001) and the mean cAIx (17.61%±8.79% vs 15.23%±8.19%, p<0.0001) were higher among the CRTI versus the uninjured group, respectively. Abdominal waist circumference, visceral fat area, triglycerides, estimated insulin resistance and hs-CRP levels were greater and physical activity and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol lower with CRTI. There were no significant between-group differences in blood glucose, blood pressure or PWV. CRTI, injury severity (↑NISS), age, socioeconomic status (SEC) and physical activity were independently associated with both MetS and cAIx.

Conclusions

CRTI is associated with an increased prevalence of MetS and arterial stiffness, which are also influenced by age, injury severity, physical activity and SEC. The longitudinal impact of CRTI on clinical cardiovascular events needs further examination.
Citral inhibits the nociception in the rat formalin test: effect of metformin and blockers of opioid receptor and the NO-cGMP-K+ channel pathway
Authors: Ortiz Mario I. , Cariño-Cortés Raquel , Muñoz-Pérez Víctor M. , Medina-Solís Carlo Eduardo , Castañeda-Hernández Gilberto
Published: November 2021

The objective of the present study was to scrutinize the effect of nitric oxide (NO), cyclic GMP (cGMP), potassium channel blockers, and metformin on the citral-produced peripheral antinociception. The rat paw 1% formalin test was used to assess nociception and antinociception. Rats were treated with local peripheral administration of citral (10–100 µg/paw). The antinociception of citral (100 µg/paw) was evaluated with and without the local pretreatment of naloxone, NG-L-nitro-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a NO synthesis inhibitor), 1H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazolo(4,2-a)quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, a soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor), metformin, opioid receptors antagonists, and K+ channel blockers. Injection of citral in the rat paw significantly decreased the nociceptive effect of formalin administration during the two phases of the test. Local pretreatment of the paws with L-NAME and ODQ did not reduced the citral-induced antinociception. Glipizide or glibenclamide (Kir6.1-2; ATP-sensitive K+ channel blockers), tetraethylammonium or 4-aminopyridine (KV; voltage-gated K+ channel blockers), charybdotoxin (KCa1.1; big conductance calcium-activated K+ channel blocker), apamin (KCa2.1-3; small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel antagonist), or metformin, but not the opioid antagonists, reduced the antinociception of citral. Citral produced peripheral antinociception during both phases of the formalin test. These effects were due to the activation of K+ channels and a biguanide-dependent mechanism.
Modified cosmology through Kaniadakis horizon entropy
Authors: Lymperis Andreas , Basilakos Spyros , Saridakis Emmanuel N.
Published: November 2021

We apply the gravity-thermodynamics conjecture, namely the first law of thermodynamics on the Universe horizon, but using the generalized Kaniadakis entropy instead of the standard Bekenstein–Hawking one. The former is a one-parameter generalization of the classical Boltzmann–Gibbs–Shannon entropy, arising from a coherent and self-consistent relativistic statistical theory. We obtain new modified cosmological scenarios, namely modified Friedmann equations, which contain new extra terms that constitute an effective dark energy sector depending on the single model Kaniadakis parameter K. We investigate the cosmological evolution, by extracting analytical expressions for the dark energy density and equation-of-state parameters and we show that the Universe exhibits the usual thermal history, with a transition redshift from deceleration to acceleration at around 0.6. Furthermore, depending on the value of K, the dark energy equation-of-state parameter deviates from $$\Lambda $$
Λ
CDM cosmology at small redshifts, while lying always in the phantom regime, and at asymptotically large times the Universe always results in a dark-energy dominated, de Sitter phase. Finally, even in the case where we do not consider an explicit cosmological constant the resulting cosmology is very interesting and in agreement with the observed behavior.
Galaxy rotation curves in the light of the Spinor Theory of Gravity
Authors: Novello M. , Hartmann A. E. S. , Bittencourt E.
Published: November 2021

We analyze the recently obtained static and spherically symmetric solutions of the Spinor Theory of Gravity (STG) which, in the weak field limit, presents an effective Newtonian potential that contains an extra logarithmic behavior. We apply this solution to the description of the galaxy rotation curves finding an interesting analogy with the dark matter halo profile proposed by Navarro, Frenk and White.
Significance of heat conduction in binary reactive flow of Walter’s B fluid with radiative flux and activation energy
Authors: Alzahrani Faris , Khan M. Ijaz
Published: November 2021

The prime objective of binary chemical reaction (BCR) is concentrated on the study and optimization of chemical reaction to accomplish finest reactor design and performance, which elaborated the interfaces of flow phenomena, reaction kinetics and heat and mass transport. The reactor performance is likely to be linked to the reaction operating constraints and feed composition through the aforementioned factors. The applications of BCR are generally in the petroleum and petrochemical regions, but with the help of chemical engineering and reaction chemistry concepts, it could be used in different areas, like waste treatment, chemical pharmaceuticals, nanoparticles in advanced materials, microelectronics, enzyme technology, biochemical engineering, living systems, renewable energy systems, sustainable development, environment/pollution prevention, as well as to optimize a different reaction framework via simulation and modeling methodology. Owing such physical applications in mind, this research deals with the binary chemical reactive flow of non-Newtonian fluid (Walter’s B) subject to activation energy. Stagnation point is accounted. Radiative flux and ohmic heating effects are considered in the development of energy expression. Concentration and microorganism equations are considered. The governing system is altered to ordinary one through the important similarity variables. Results are obtained through bvp4c technique. All results are discussed graphically. Furthermore, surface drag force (skin friction) and heat and mass transfer (Nusselt and Sherwood) rates are calculated and displayed graphically. Significant results are listed in conclusion.
First evidence for tooth–tooth occlusion in a ctenochasmatid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota
Authors: Zhou Chang-Fu , Wang Xinyue , Wang Jiahao
Published: November 2021

Ctenochasmatid pterosaurs flourished and diversified in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota. Here, a partial mandible of
Forfexopterus
is described based on a three-dimensional reconstruction using high-resolution X-ray computed tomography (CT) data. The first nine pairs of functional teeth of the rostral dentition revealed along with their replacements. The functional teeth are evenly arranged with a tooth density of 2.2 teeth/cm. The tooth crown is distinctly reduced from its base to the tip, and framed by two weak ridges, possibly a pair of vestigial carinae. The replacement teeth are sharp and pointed, and have erupted slightly against the medial surface of the functional teeth. Surprisingly, tooth wear is observed in this specimen, the first record of tooth–tooth occlusion in ctenochasmatids. The wear facets exhibit high-angled lingual and lower-angled labial facets, implying a unique tooth–tooth occlusion in pterosaur clade. This discovery indicates that the Jehol ctenochasmatids possibly employed a more active feeding strategy than other filter-feeding pterosaurs (e.g.
Ctenochasma
,
Pterodaustro
,
Gnathosaurus
).
The Janus Face of Professional Knowledge: What Organizational Principles Are behind the Students’ Perceptions of Professional Knowledge in New Norwegian Teacher Education?
Authors: Bratland Erik , El Ghami Mohamed
Published: November 2021

Integration of theory and practice is the key element in the research on teachers’ professional knowledge. Traditionally, this topic has created a polarization between practical and theoretical knowledge. The reform in the new Norwegian teacher education has introduced a new and watered-down concept of knowledge and research-based knowledge in education. With the reform, conflicting perceptions have arisen of what we can understand with professional knowledge in teacher education. Based on Maton’s Legitimation Code Theory, and with examples from a study of students’ R&D papers, this paper sheds light on the conflicting concept of professional knowledge in new Norwegian teacher education. The paper refutes a generic concept of knowledge and argues that teachers’ professional knowledge is based on practices that are informed by specialized forms of knowledge in the subject area.
Investigation on Failure Characteristics of Coal Seam Floor in Paste Filling Working Face
Authors: Chang Qingliang , Yao Xingjie , Yuan Chongliang , Leng Qiang , Wu Hao
Published: November 2021

Water inrush disasters are extremely prone to occur if the coal seam floor contains a confined aquifer. To find out the failure behavior of coal seam floor of paste filling working face, a beam-based theoretical model for the floor aquifuge was built, and then, the water inrush risk was evaluated based on the thickness of floor aquifuge. Next, the floor failure characteristics of the paste filling face was numerically studied and the effects of the filling interval and long-term strength of the filling body on the floor failure depth, stress and displacement distributions, and plastic zone were explored. The results showed that the theoretical model for evaluating the safety of the floor of the paste filling face based on the empty roof distance is proved to be consistent with that of the empirical formula judged based on the assumption that the paste filling working face was regarded as a cut hole with a certain width. The filling interval has a significant effect on the stress concentration of the surrounding rock, failure depth of floor, and roof-floor convergence. The smaller the filling interval is, the smaller their values are. When the filling rate is 98%, the long-term strength of the filling body is 5 MPa, and the floor failure depth is not more than 4 m. In contrast, the strength of the filling body has no obvious influence on the floor failure depth, but it has a certain impact on the roof-floor convergence. From the perspective of reducing floor failure depth, there is no need to increase the long-term strength of backfill, but it is necessary to increase the early strength of backfill so as to reduce the width of the equivalent roadway.
Comparison of Water Defluoridation Using Different Techniques
Authors: Fadaei Abdolmajid
Published: November 2021

Fluoride pollution in subsurface water is a significant problem for different nations across the world because of the intake of excessive fluoride caused by the drinking of the contaminated subsurface. Water pollution by flouride can be attributed to the natural and human-made agents. Increased levels of fluoride in drinking water may result in the irretrievable demineralization of bone and tooth tissues, a situation called fluorosis, and other disorders. There has long been a need for fluoride removal from drinking water to make it safe for human use. Among the various fluoride removal methods, adsorption is the method most popularly used due to its cheap cost, ease of utilization, and being a scalable and simple physical technique. According to the findings of this study, the highest concentration of fluoride (0.1–15.0 mg/L) was found in Sweden and the lowest (0.03–1.14 mg/L) in Italy. We collected the values of adsorption capacities and fluoride removal efficiencies of various types of adsorbents from valuable released data accessible in the literature and exhibited tables. There is still a need to find the actual possibility of using biosorbents and adsorbents on a commercial scale and to define the reusability of adsorbents to decrease price and the waste generated from the adsorption method. This article reviews the currently available methods and approaches to fluoride removal of water.
The Neimark–Sacker Bifurcation and Global Stability of Perturbation of Sigmoid Beverton–Holt Difference Equation
Authors: Kulenović M. R. S. , O’Loughlin Connor , Pilav E.
Published: November 2021

We present the bifurcation results for the difference equation

x

n
+
1

=

x
n
2

/

a

x
n
2

+

x

n
−
1

2

+
f

where

a

and

f

are positive numbers and the initial conditions

x

−
1

and

x

0

are nonnegative numbers. This difference equation is one of the perturbations of the sigmoid Beverton–Holt difference equation, which is a major mathematical model in population dynamics. We will show that this difference equation exhibits transcritical and Neimark–Sacker bifurcations but not flip (period-doubling) bifurcation since this difference equation cannot have period-two solutions. Furthermore, we give the asymptotic approximation of the invariant manifolds, stable, unstable, and center manifolds of the equilibrium solutions. We give the necessary and sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability of the zero equilibrium as well as sufficient conditions for global asymptotic stability of the positive equilibrium.
The Role of Conjunctival Microvasculation Combined with Echocardiography in Evaluating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Xiong Jiangbiao , Yu Shujiao , Liu Ren , Fang Xia , Wu Rui
Published: November 2021

Objective. To explore the role of conjunctival microvasculation combined with echocardiography in evaluating the prognosis of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE-PAH). Methods. We prospectively compared the conjunctival microvascular changes in 17 SLE-PAH patients and 34 SLE patients without PAH in our hospital from January 2020 to December 2020, and we observed the characteristics of conjunctival microvascular changes in SLE-PAH patients. We analyzed the correlation between the corresponding conjunctival microvascular changes and cardiopulmonary function and evaluated the predictive value of the vessel density (VD) and the microvascular flow index (MFI) of conjunctival microvasculation combined with echocardiography in SLE-PAH. Results. Compared with SLE patients without PAH, the ischemic areas in conjunctival microvasculation were significantly increased in SLE-PAH patients. The VD and MFI of conjunctival microvasculation are significantly correlated with N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide and 6-minute walking distance. Combined with the VD and MFI, it can improve the accuracy of echocardiography in assessing the risk of death due to SLE-PAH (94.1% vs. 82.2%). Conclusion. The ischemic area, VD, and MFI of conjunctival microvasculation in SLE-PAH patients can indicate the occurrence of severe SLE-PAH and improve the accuracy of echocardiography in evaluating the prognosis of SLE-PAH.
A Novel Ferroptosis-Related Gene Risk Signature for Predicting Prognosis and Immunotherapy Response in Gastric Cancer
Authors: Liu Shi-jin , Yang Ya-bing , Zhou Jia-xin , Lin Yu-jian , Pan Yun-long , Pan Jing-hua
Published: November 2021

Background. Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide with complicated molecular and cellular heterogeneity. Iron metabolism and ferroptosis play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of GC. However, the prognostic role and immunotherapy biomarker potential of ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in GC still remains to be clarified. Methods. We comprehensively analyzed the prognosis of different expression FRGs, based on gastric carcinoma patients in the TCGA cohort. The functional enrichment and immune microenvironment associated with these genes in gastric cancer were investigated. The prognostic model was constructed to clarify the relation between FRGs and the prognosis of GC. Meanwhile, the ceRNA network of FRGs in the prognostic model was performed to explore the regulatory mechanisms. Results. Gastric carcinoma patients were classified into the A, B, and C FRGClusters with different features based on 19 prognostic ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes in the TCGA database. To quantify the FRG characteristics of individual patients, FRGScore was constructed. And the research shows the GC patients with higher FRGScore had worse survival outcome. Moreover, thirteen prognostic ferroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were selected to construct a prognostic model for GC survival outcome with a superior accuracy in this research. And we also found that FRG RiskScore can be an independent biomarker for the prognosis of GC patients. Interestingly, GC patients with lower RiskScore had less immune dysfunction and were more likely to respond to immunotherapy according to TIDE value analysis. Finally, a ceRNA network based on FRGs in the prognostic model was analyzed to show the concrete regulation mechanisms. Conclusions. The ferroptosis-related gene risk signature has a superior potent in predicting GC prognosis and acts as the biomarkers for immunotherapy, which may provide a reference in clinic.
Digital Audio Scene Recognition Method Based on Machine Learning Technology
Authors: Sun Sihua
Published: November 2021

Audio scene recognition is a task that enables devices to understand their environment through digital audio analysis. It belongs to a branch of the field of computer auditory scene. At present, this technology has been widely used in intelligent wearable devices, robot sensing services, and other application scenarios. In order to explore the applicability of machine learning technology in the field of digital audio scene recognition, an audio scene recognition method based on optimized audio processing and convolutional neural network is proposed. Firstly, different from the traditional audio feature extraction method using mel-frequency cepstrum coefficient, the proposed method uses binaural representation and harmonic percussive source separation method to optimize the original audio and extract the corresponding features, so that the system can make use of the spatial features of the scene and then improve the recognition accuracy. Then, an audio scene recognition system with two-layer convolution module is designed and implemented. In terms of network structure, we try to learn from the VGGNet structure in the field of image recognition to increase the network depth and improve the system flexibility. Experimental data analysis shows that compared with traditional machine learning methods, the proposed method can greatly improve the recognition accuracy of each scene and achieve better generalization effect on different data.
A SAR Target Recognition Method via Combination of Multilevel Deep Features
Authors: Wang Junhua , Jiang Yuan
Published: November 2021

For the problem of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image target recognition, a method via combination of multilevel deep features is proposed. The residual network (ResNet) is used to learn the multilevel deep features of SAR images. Based on the similarity measure, the multilevel deep features are clustered and several feature sets are obtained. Then, each feature set is characterized and classified by the joint sparse representation (JSR), and the corresponding output result is obtained. Finally, the results of different feature sets are combined using the weighted fusion to obtain the target recognition results. The proposed method in this paper can effectively combine the advantages of ResNet and JSR in feature extraction and classification and improve the overall recognition performance. Experiments and analysis are carried out on the MSTAR dataset with rich samples. The results show that the proposed method can achieve superior performance for 10 types of target samples under the standard operating condition (SOC), noise interference, and occlusion conditions, which verifies its effectiveness.
Effect of Myopic Femtosecond Laser-Assisted LASIK on Anterior Chamber Inflammation (Flare Values) and Corneal Endothelium: A Prospective before and after Study
Authors: Özbilen Kemal Turgay , Altinkurt Emre , Ceylan Nihan Aksu , Bilgin Gizem Sayar , Gözüm Nilüfer
Published: November 2021

Purpose. This study aimed to investigate whether femtosecond laser-assisted LASIK (FS-LASIK) surgery causes inflammation in the anterior chamber and to analyze its effect on endothelial cells. Methods. This prospective, longitudinal study included left eyes of 30 patients (19 females) who had undergone FS-LASIK surgery due to myopia and myopic astigmatism. Endothelial cell density (ECD) and morphological measurements were performed using a specular microscopy, and laser flare photometry was used to measure the anterior chamber flare values on the day of surgery. iFS™ Advanced FS and VISX STAR S4-IR Wavescan Excimer Laser platforms were used. Flare measurements were repeated on the postoperative 1st day and 7th day and the 1st and 3rd months. The endothelial measurements were repeated in the 3rd month. Results. Preoperatively, the mean flare was 5.59 ± 1.24 photons/ms; it was 6.49 ± 2.42 on the postoperative 1st day, 5.87 ± 2.27 on the 7th day, 5.68 ± 1.66 on the 1st month, and 5.35 ± 1.24 on the 3rd month. A significant difference was observed only between the preoperative and postoperative 1st day flare values (

p
=
0.047

). The decrease in the ECD was clinically insignificant but statistically significant, with an average of 97.0 ± 209.9 cell count/mm2 (3.3%,

p
=
0.017

). However, there was no significant change in the coefficient of variation (

p
=
0.448

) and hexagonality (

p
=
0.096

). No significant correlation was found between the increase in the flare value on the postoperative 1st day and variables. A significant correlation was found between the decrease in ECD and the preoperative ECD (r = 0.356,

p
=
0.027

). Conclusion. FS-LASIK caused minimal inflammation in the anterior chamber on only the 1st postoperative day; additionally, a minimal decrease of cell count with no morphological changes were noted in the endothelial cells on postoperative 3rd month. This trial is registered with NCT04899258.
An IoMT‐Enabled Smart Healthcare Model to Monitor Elderly People Using Machine Learning Technique
Authors: Khan Muhammad Farrukh , Ghazal Taher M. , Said Raed A. , Fatima Areej , Abbas Sagheer , Khan M.A. , Issa Ghassan F. , Ahmad Munir , Khan Muhammad Adnan
Published: November 2021

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) enables digital devices to gather, infer, and broadcast health data via the cloud platform. The phenomenal growth of the IoMT is fueled by many factors, including the widespread and growing availability of wearables and the ever‐decreasing cost of sensor‐based technology. The cost of related healthcare will rise as the global population of elderly people grows in parallel with an overall life expectancy that demands affordable healthcare services, solutions, and developments. IoMT may bring revolution in the medical sciences in terms of the quality of healthcare of elderly people while entangled with machine learning (ML) algorithms. The effectiveness of the smart healthcare (SHC) model to monitor elderly people was observed by performing tests on IoMT datasets. For evaluation, the precision, recall, fscore, accuracy, and ROC values are computed. The authors also compare the results of the SHC model with different conventional popular ML techniques, e.g., support vector machine (SVM), K‐nearest neighbor (KNN), and decision tree (DT), to analyze the effectiveness of the result.
A New Neutrosophic Negative Binomial Distribution: Properties and Applications
Authors: Sherwani Rehan Ahmad Khan , Iqbal Sadia , Abbas Shumaila , Aslam Muhammad , AL-Marshadi Ali Hussein
Published: November 2021

Many problems in real life exist that are full of confusion, vagueness, and ambiguity. The quantification of such issues in a scientific way is the need of time. The negative binomial distribution is an important discrete probability distribution from the account of classical probability distribution theory. The distribution was used to study the chance of kth success in n trials before n − 1 failures for crisp data. The literature lacks in dealing with the situations for interval-valued data under negative binomial distribution. In this research, the neutrosophic negative binomial distribution is proposed to generalize the classical negative binomial distribution. The generalized proposed distribution considers the indeterminacy and crisp form from interval-valued. Several properties of the proposed distribution, such as moment generating function, characteristic function, and probability generating function, are also derived. Furthermore, the derivation of reliability analysis properties such as survival, hazard rate, reversed hazard rate, cumulative hazard rate, mills ratio, and odds ratio are also presented. In addition, order statistics for the proposed distribution, including

w

th

, joint, median, minimum, and maximum order statistics are part of the paper. The proposed distribution is discussed from the real data applications perspective by considering the different case studies. This research opens the way to deal with the problems that follow conventional conveyances and include nonprecisely determined details simultaneously.
Diogenes Syndrome: Identification and Distinction from Hoarding Disorder
Authors: Proctor Carmel , Rahman Sakib
Published: November 2021

“Severe domestic squalor” or Diogenes syndrome is characterised by extreme self-neglect of environment, health, and hygiene, excessive hoarding, squalor, social withdrawal, and a distinct lack of concern or shame regarding one’s living condition. This report presents a case of a 51-year-old male admitted to the hospital psychiatric ward following the police removing him from his home. Police officers attended the man’s home following the alarm being raised by his stepfather that he had not been seen or heard from in 3 weeks. His home was covered in several feet of rubbish, rotting food, and debris and smelled intensely of rotting mould, urine, and faeces. He was found lying nude on top of garbage with a rug over him. Diogenes syndrome is highly comorbid with psychiatric and somatic disorders, including depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, personality disorder, and stress. This case report provides a rare opportunity to better understand the distinction of Diogenes syndrome from the closely related condition hoarding disorder. Furthermore, creating an agreed-upon constellation of symptoms representative of Diogenes is essential to creating a formal Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) entry, which would facilitate the much-needed development of assessment measures to enable accurate diagnosis and treatment.
Genetic Polymorphism rs6505162 in MicroRNA-423 May Not Be Associated with Susceptibility of Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Zhi , Wang Jin , Chen Hui-bing , Guo Xiao-Mei , Chen Xiao-Ping , Wang Meng , Dong Li-Juan , Zhang Min-Min
Published: November 2021

Background. MicroRNA-423 (miR-423) rs6505162 polymorphism is found to be associated with breast cancer (BC) risk. However, the results were inconsistent. This study meta-analyzed the literature on possible association between rs6505162 polymorphism and BC risk. Methods. PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were systematically searched to identify relevant studies. Meta-analyses were performed to examine the association between rs6505162 polymorphism and BC. Results. None of the five genetic models suggested a significant association between rs6505162 polymorphism and BC risk: allelic model, OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.18–1.28,

P
=
0.85

; recessive model, OR 0.99, 95% CI 0.72–1.38,

P
=
0.97

; dominant model, OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.72–1.21,

P
=
0.60

; homozygous model, OR 1.04, 95% CI 0.66–1.65,

P
=
0.87

; and heterozygous model, OR 1.07, 95% CI 0.90–1.28,

P
=
0.45

. Similar results were obtained in subgroup analyses of Asian, Chinese, and Caucasian patients. Conclusion. The available evidence suggests no significant association between rs6505162 polymorphism and BC risk. These conclusions should be verified in large, well-designed studies.
Model Predictive Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on State Transition Constraint Method
Authors: Gao Jun , Zhang Jie , Fan Mengyang , Peng Zhiyuan , Chen Qinghong , Zhang Heshan
Published: November 2021

Permanent magnet synchronous motors are widely used and have sufficient development prospects in the drive systems of electric vehicles. Traditional model predictive control (MPC) methods are shown to achieve good control performance by tracking the d- and q-axis current as well as limiting the current amplitude. However, the dynamic response performance and current harmonics during the switching process are not considered in the traditional MPC. Therefore, this paper proposes an MPC that can effectively improve control performance, where the switch transfer sequence in the switch constraint module is considered in the improved model. The state transition error is obtained from the switch constraint module according to the current switch state and the transition probability, after which, the integration into the cost function in which the driving error, tracking error, and constraint error are considered. A reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm is used to obtain the weight coefficient of the transition error term in the constraint module for automatically determining the best switch state for the next control period using the cost function. Simulation tests show that the total harmonic distortion of the phase current based on the improved MPC is 978.4%, less than 2843.0% of the traditional MPC method under 20 Nm at 1000 rpm. The torque response time of the motor is reduced by 0.026 s, whereas the simulation results indicate that the 100 km acceleration performance of an electric vehicle is improved by 9.9%.
Investigating Relationships between Balance Confidence and Balance Ability in Older Adults
Authors: Thompson Lara A. , Badache Mehdi , Brusamolin Joao Augusto Renno , Savadkoohi Marzieh , Guise Jelani , de Paiva Gabriel Velluto , Suh Pius , Sanchez Guerrero Pablo , Shetty Devdas
Published: November 2021

Increasing balance confidence in older individuals is important towards improving their quality of life and reducing activity avoidance. Here, we investigated if balance confidence (perceived ability) and balance performance (ability) in older adults were related to one another and would improve after balance training. The relationship of balance confidence in conjunction with balance performance for varied conditions (such as limiting vision, modifying somatosensory cues, and also base of support) was explored. We sought to determine if balance confidence and ability, as well as their relationship, could change after several weeks of training. Twenty-seven healthy participants were trained for several weeks during standing and walking exercises. In addition, seven participants with a higher risk of imbalance leading to falls (survivors of stroke) were also trained. Prior to and after training, balance ability and confidence were assessed via the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) and Activities Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, respectively. Both groups showed improvements in balance abilities (i.e., BESS errors significantly decreased after training). Balance confidence was significantly higher in the healthy group than in the stroke group; however, ABC results reflected that balance confidence did not significantly increase after training for each. The correlations between balance ability and balance confidence were explored. Encouragingly, healthy participants displayed a negative correlation between BESS errors and ABC (i.e., enhancements in balance confidence (increases in ABC Scale results) were related to improvements in balance ability (decreases in BESS errors)). For the stroke participants, despite improvements in balance ability, our results showed that there was no relation to balance confidence (i.e., no correlation between BESS errors and ABC) in this group.
miR-206 Inhibits Laryngeal Carcinoma Cell Multiplication, Migration, and Invasion
Authors: Liu Yiling , Song YunTao , Chen Xiaojuan , Fan Junfang , Zheng Wei , Cao Chen
Published: November 2021

Laryngeal carcinoma (LC) is one of the common human cancer types. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were reported to be the essential regulators in cancer diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. It was reported that miR-206 expression was reduced in various neoplastic diseases. However, the role and functional mechanism of miR-206 in LC progression remain unclear. In this research, miR-206 was found to be associated with tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging. In addition, the area under the curve (AUC) of miR-206 was 0.902 for diagnosis of LC and 0.854 for differential diagnosis of stage I-II and stage III-IV patients. Low expression of miR-206 was associated with poor prognosis of LC patients. miR-206 expression was an independent factor affecting the prognosis of LC patients, as revealed by the Cox regression analysis. In vitro experiments demonstrated that miR-206 overexpression reduced cell multiplication, invasion, and migration and increased cell apoptosis in LC cells. Moreover, SOX9 was a target of miR-206, and miR-206 negatively regulated SOX9 expression. Collectively, miR-206 might be a promising biomarker with diagnostic and prognostic value for LC, and the miR-206/SOX9 axis might be a candidate target for LC therapy.
Remote Sensing Data Detection Based on Multiscale Fusion and Attention Mechanism
Authors: Huang Min , Cheng Cong , De Luca Gennaro
Published: November 2021

Remote sensing images are often of low quality due to the limitations of the equipment, resulting in poor image accuracy, and it is extremely difficult to identify the target object when it is blurred or small. The main challenge is that objects in sensing images have very few pixels. Traditional convolutional networks are complicated to extract enough information through local convolution and are easily disturbed by noise points, so they are usually not ideal for classifying and diagnosing small targets. The current solution is to process the feature map information at multiple scales, but this method does not consider the supplementary effect of the context information of the feature map on the semantics. In this work, in order to enable CNNs to make full use of context information and improve its representation ability, we propose a residual attention function fusion method, which improves the representation ability of feature maps by fusing contextual feature map information of different scales, and then propose a spatial attention mechanism for global pixel point convolution response. This method compresses global pixels through convolution, weights the original feature map pixels, reduces noise interference, and improves the network’s ability to grasp global critical pixel information. In experiments, the remote sensing ship image recognition experiments on remote sensing image data sets show that the network structure can improve the performance of small-target detection. The results on cifar10 and cifar100 prove that the attention mechanism is universal and practical.
Relativistic Quantum Motion of an Electron in Spinning Cosmic String Spacetime in the Presence of Uniform Magnetic Field and Aharonov-Bohm Potential
Authors: Cunha Márcio M. , Silva Edilberto O.
Published: November 2021

In this manuscript, we study the relativistic quantum mechanics of an electron in external fields in the spinning cosmic string spacetime. We obtain the Dirac equation and write the first- and second-order equations from it, and then, we solve these equations for bound states. We show that there are bound state solutions for the first-order equation Dirac. For the second-order equation, we obtain the corresponding wave functions, which depend on the Kummer functions. Then, we determine the energies of the particle. We examine the behavior of the energies as a function of the physical parameters of the model, such as rotation, curvature, magnetic field, Aharonov-Bohm flux, and quantum numbers. We find that, depending on the values of these parameters, there are energy nonpermissible levels.
Analysis and Optimization of Damping Properties of Constrained Layer Damping Structures with Multilayers
Authors: Wang Hongyun , Lee Heow Pueh , Du Canyi
Published: November 2021

Constrained layer damping (CLD) structures, which are one of the composite structures with a softer viscoelastic material (VEM) layer sandwiched between a elastic base layer and a relatively stiffer constraining layer, are widely used in engineering applications for reducing vibration and noise radiation. To accurately predict and effectively control vibration and properly and quickly determine the design parameters, optimal designs for the CLD structures are necessary. The optimal designs depend on thoroughly understanding the damping characteristics of the CLD structures. In addition, for some cases, CLD structures with multi‐constrained VEM layers are needed to suppress vibration more effectively. In this paper, an effective modeling method to accurately describe the damping properties and a quick optimization design method using COMSOL were proposed for CLD structures with multilayers in detail. The effects of nondimensional thickness ratios of the VEM and constraining layer to the base layer on the damping properties of CLD structures were analyzed. For CLD structures with different configurations, different constraints were selected to obtain the maximized damping in the optimization design. The conclusions from this research provide an insight into the effects of thicknesses of VEM and constraining layers on the damping properties of CLD structures regardless of its size. The modeling and optimal methods using COMSOL in this paper are not limited to CLD structures and can be used by other structures also.
Identification of SOX6 and SOX12 as Prognostic Biomarkers for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study Based on TCGA Database
Authors: Lyu Xiao , Zhang Xi , Sun Li-bin , Cao Xiao-ming , Zhang Xu-hui
Published: November 2021

Background. The SOX gene family has been proven to display regulatory effects on numerous diseases, particularly in the malignant progression of neoplasms. However, the molecular functions and action mechanisms of SOX genes have not been clearly elucidated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). We aimed to explore the expression status, prognostic values, clinical significances, and regulatory actions of SOX genes in ccRCC. Methods. RNA-sequence data and clinical information derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was used for this study. Dysregulated SOX genes between the normal group and ccRCC group were screened using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. The Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate Cox analysis methods were used to estimate the overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) differences between different groups. The independent prognostic factors were identified by the use of uni- and multivariate assays. Subsequently, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test or Kruskal-Wallis test and the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability methods were employed to explore the association between clinicopathological variables and SOX genes. Finally, CIBERSORT was applied to study the samples and examine the infiltration of immune cells between different groups. Results. Herein, 12 dysregulated SOX genes in ccRCC were screened. Among them, two independent prognostic SOX genes (SOX6 and SOX12) were identified. Further investigation results showed that SOX6 and SOX12 were distinctly associated with clinicopathological features. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis revealed that SOX6 and SOX12 were enriched in essential biological processes and signaling pathways. Finally, we found that the SOX6 and SOX12 expression levels were correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TIICs). Conclusion. The pooled analyses showed that SOX6 and SOX12 could serve as promising biomarkers and therapeutic targets of patients with ccRCC.
Polygon Number Algorithm for Peak‐to‐Average Ratio Reduction of Massive 5G Systems Using Modified Partial Transmit Sequence Scheme
Authors: Alkatrani Hayder , Ilyas Muhammad , Alyassri Salam , Nahar Ali , Al-Turjman Fadi , Rasheed Jawad , Alshahrani Ali , Al-Kasasbeh Basil
Published: November 2021

The high peak‐to‐average power ratio (PAPR) of the transmit signal is a major shortcoming of OFDM systems, which results in band radiation and distortion due to the nonlinearity of the high‐power amplifier (H.P). To resolve the traditional OFDM high‐PAPR issue, where the transmit sequence is designed to avoid similar data from being sent in the same order to reduce PAPR, there are numerous conventional ways for lowering the PAPR for OFDM system, such as selective mapping, tone reservation, block coding, filtering, clipping, and partial transmit sequence (PTS). This study proposes a new method called polygon number algorithm (PN) with conventional partial transmit sequence (C‐PTS). This method (PN‐PTS) processes the entered data before sending it, taking advantage of the number nonsimilarity according to the geometry of the number to prevent direct sending of similar data via PTS, and thus, this improved the level of PAPR rise in the proposed system. The amount of reduction that can be achieved in PAPR is up to 8 dB by different techniques. The best result obtained was the amount of reduction between the conventional method and the proposed method is 4.5683 where N = 64. Besides this, there is no transmission of side information (SI), which improves transmission efficiency. Finally, this method is easy in the calculation process and the ciphering and deciphering of data, which adds a few calculations.
Hsp70 Promotes SUMO of HIF-1α and Promotes Lung Cancer Invasion and Metastasis
Authors: Ling Xiean , Wan Jun , Peng Bin , Chen Jing
Published: November 2021

Objective. This study aims to investigate the effect of heat shock protein-70 (Hsp70) on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of lung cancer cells under heat stimulation and to explore its possible molecular mechanism. Methods. qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assay were used to detect the expression of Hsp70 in lung cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. EdU assay was used to detect the cell activity. The effect of Hsp70 on the migration and invasion of A549 and NCI-H446 cells was detected by the wound-healing assay and Transwell assay. A tumor transplantation animal model was established to detect the effect of overexpression of Hsp70 on proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Western blot assay was used to detect the effect of thermal stimulation and overexpression of Hsp70 on SUMO modification of HIF-1α. Results. The wound-healing rate of A549 and NCI-H446 cells under Hsp70 stimulation was significantly higher than blank control group. At the same time, the number of cells passing through the membrane increased significantly. Hypodermic tumor transplantation in nude mice proved that knockout Hsp70 can inhibit proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer cells. Thermal stimulation upregulated the expression of Hsp70 and promoted SUMO modification of HIF-1α, ultimately promoting the proliferation and metastasis of lung cancer. Inhibition of Hsp70 reverses the effect of thermal stimulation on lung cancer by reducing the SUMO modification of HIF-1α. Conclusion. Thermal stimulation can promote EMT in A549 and NCI-H446 cells and promote cell migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo by upregulation of Hsp70. This process is associated with the promotion of SUMO modification of HIF-1α.
The Analysis about Compressed Sensing Reconstruction Algorithm Based on Machine Learning Applied in Interference Multispectral Images
Authors: Han Chang
Published: November 2021

Interferometric multispectral images contain rich information, so they are widely used in aviation, military, and environmental monitoring. However, the abundant information also leads to the disadvantages that longer time and more physical resources are needed in signal compression and reconstruction. In order to make up for the shortcomings of traditional compression and reconstruction algorithms, the stacked convolution denoising autoencoder (SCDA) reconstruction algorithm for interference multispectral images is proposed in this paper. And, the experimental code based on the TensorFlow system is built to reconstruct these images. The results show that, compared with D-AMP and ReconNet algorithms, the SCDA algorithm has the advantages of higher reconstruction accuracy and lower time complexity and space complexity. Therefore, the SCDA algorithm proposed in this paper can be applied to interference multispectral images.
A Reputation Value‐Based Task‐Sharing Strategy in Opportunistic Complex Social Networks
Authors: Wu Jia , Gou Fangfang , Xiong Wangping , Zhou Xian
Published: November 2021

As the Internet of Things (IoT) smart mobile devices explode in complex opportunistic social networks, the amount of data in complex networks is increasing. Large amounts of data cause high latency, high energy consumption, and low‐reliability issues when dealing with computationally intensive and latency‐sensitive emerging mobile applications. Therefore, we propose a task‐sharing strategy that comprehensively considers delay, energy consumption, and terminal reputation value (DERV) for this context. The model consists of a task‐sharing decision model that integrates latency and energy consumption, and a reputation value‐based model for the allocation of the computational resource game. The two submodels apply an improved particle swarm algorithm and a Lagrange multiplier, respectively. Mobile nodes in the complex social network are given the opportunity to make decisions so that they can choose to share computationally intensive, latency‐sensitive computing tasks to base stations with greater computing power in the same network. At the same time, to prevent malicious competition from end nodes, the base station decides the allocation of computing resources based on a database of reputation values provided by a trusted authority. The simulation results show that the proposed strategy can meet the service requirements of low delay, low power consumption, and high reliability for emerging intelligent applications. It effectively realizes the overall optimized allocation of computation sharing resources and promotes the stable transmission of massive data in complex networks.