bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mekanisme Pertahanan diri Kaum Tarekat
Authors: Syakur Abd.
Published: December 2015

Sufi orders have been instrumental in the life of the Sufis as centers for spiritual training and education. In these centers the Sufis can elaborate their ideas, and apply them in real life. In the passages of time however, these orders were no longer considered simply as religious centers but also as social groupings consisting of people committed not only to practice the teaching of their religion but also to get involved in social problems. There are indeed many Sufi orders with different character and upbringing. But as a whole, a Sufi order is mechanism for the spiritual survival of its fellows. This paper tries to look at the other side of the matter and argues that a Sufi order is not only spiritual in its nature but is also social. It treats Sufi orders as a social body that functions socially to help the murids to survive socially and not spiritually. We believe that the extinction of some Sufi orders is due mainly to their inability to curb with social issues and not because of the nature of their spiritual teaching. The survival of any Sufi order in other words depends very much on its social mechanism and not on the strength of its spiritual dictum.
Pemikiran Fiqih Shaikh Muhammad Arshad Al-Banjari
Authors: Dakhoir Ahmad
Published: December 2015

Shaikh Muhammad Arshad al-Banjari, the 18th century scholar of Banjar has been known as a leading jurist of his time in Indonesia and in the whole South East Asia. In this paper we are interested in exposing his jurisprudential thought by referring to the cultural, social and intellectual milieus that shaped his thought. The paper is particularly interested in discussing his views on the notion of mustahiq, those who deserve to alms (zakah), and the notion of disputed wealth. The former is elaborated in his Sabil al-Muhtadîn and the latter in his al-Farâ’d.
Evolusi Sharî‘ah dan Wacana Fiqih
Authors: Yasid Abu
Published: December 2015

Sharî‘ah has always been deemed as an integral part of Muslims life. As a binding and commanding divine law, Sharî‘ah has in other words been internalized in the being and existence of Muslims through their obedience and regular practice. The question that this paper tries to answer is whether Sharî‘ah is divine and transcendent, or is it evolving from being transcendent to becoming mere ideas and legal dictum of the ulama? To delve on this question the paper begins by saying that any legal formulation does stem from observation of social reality. Given the changing nature of social reality –we argue- the product of legal extrapolation does exhibit some form of evolution. We further argue that so long as the heart of the divine law is human interest (maşlahah) both worldly and heavenly, Sharî‘ah cannot escape from the law of evolution considering that the interest of the vast span of humanity differs from one setting to another. That is why many jurists speak of the Maqasid al-Sharî‘ah (the aims of Sharî‘ah) implying that Sharî‘ah does evolve given the multiplicity of these aims. Simply speaking, the paper is directed toward proving that Sharî‘ah cannot be seen as stagnant and that it is subjected–like any other forms of knowledge–to the law of evolution.
Menimbang Gagasan Farid Esack Tentang Solidaritas Lintas Agama
Authors: Umam Fawaizul
Published: December 2015

Inter-religious conflict has been part of the history of religions. To the dismay of many, the conflict has escalated from time to time overshadowing the benevolent nature of religions as a blessing for mankind. Hence, instead of addressing the formidable problems of poverty, backwardness, ignorance, injustice, oppression and the like, people of different religions in one way or another are dragged into the acts of violence. It is this unfortunate development in the history of religions that we are interested in discussing by appealing to the ideas of Farid Esack who has established himself as an international scholar of Islam. We portray Esack as a man whose attention is being paid solely to promote the inter-religious dialogue with a single purpose in mind, to push peace and harmony for all regardless of their race and religion. We are particularly interested in developing further the idea of what he calls a “productive dialogue” in which an awareness of religious solidarity constitutes an integral part. We will try to expose the “hermeneutics of awareness” to get a better idea of what Esack is trying to do as far as social harmony is concerned. Within this scheme we will also discuss some other related issues such as the problem of pluralism and liberation. We argue that Esack sees the problem of social harmony as essentially theological and not simply political. It is therefore the task of religion—and not simply of politic—to deal with such problem.
Membangun Konstruksi Keilmuan Ekonomi Islam
Authors: Sanrego Nz Yulizar D.
Published: December 2015

Theories of Islamic economics have formed part and parcel of the global study on economy. Practically on the other hand, Islamic economics have shown its competing ability and
received in turn a cheerful welcome from the business community as well as from the masses at the global stage. This paper is an attempt to make a contribution in the field of what we may call the scientific construction of Islamic economics. The paper proposes that this science consists of two aspects, namely value and knowledge. With regards to the latter, on which this paper will pay its major attention, the role of methodology is crucial. This paper will therefore touch on this issue and the role of methodology in inventing knowledge and in the analysis of economic datum. Here by methodology we mean particularly fiqh. We contend that fiqh is in itself methodology. It is rich with methodological tools such as the concept of maqashid al-syariah (the purpose of divine law) which may be used not only to analyze economic datum but also to provide a schemata in resolving some economic problems. By speaking of fiqh as a science of economics we hope to pave the way for the possible invention of the science of economics based on fiqh and its philosophy.
Syari’ah, Fiqih dan Sebuah Perspektif tentang Tarjîh
Authors: Huda Miftahul
Published: December 2015

This paper takes into account the very fact that Syari’ah has been a subject of controversy over centuries. Its interpretation in the form of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) is a strong indication that Syari’ah is not immune from personal subjectivication. Fiqh is quite personal whereby a jurist would read the message of Syari’ah and attempt to give his personal and subjective interpretation of it. Nonetheless, the paper is also of the argument that this controversy is in itself a source of the dynamics of Syari’ah. It is due to this controversy–otherwise known as the legal dispute- that fiqh is capable of being developed over times. Some substances of fiqh are responses to the opposing views on some issues. Not less important than this is to delve into the factors that triggered such controversy and dispute. The paper speaks of three factors, namely the nature of subject-matter, the way the jurists interpret it, and the social circumstances that surround the jurists and help shape their way of thinking. The first is epistemological, the second methodological, whereas the third to sociological. The three factors are inter-related and form as it were the comprehensive legal products which the Muslims currently inherited. The Tarjih in the meantime, is a form of a legal product, which serves both as a social and intellectual modality for the Muslims in their daily lives.
Sisi Positif Taqlîd dalam Sejarah Perkembangan Hukum Islam
Authors: Mawardi Ahmad Imam
Published: December 2015

The main problem that this paper is interested in dealing with is the notion of taqlid, the English translation of which being a blind acceptance. Taqlid is the opposite of Ijtihad, the intellectual exercise to draw certain legal rules from their sources. Muslims over centuries believed that taqlid in legal matters is not allowed, and that the door of Ijtihad has never been closed, as some Western scholars would emphatically argue. The paper nonetheless maintains that taqlid does take place in a major part of Islamic legal history. It has become unavoidable for Muslims to accept blindly –due to some reasons- the legal views of the earlier scholars and jurists. But the paper also argues that to accept without question the views of the authoritative scholars in legal matters is not always bad. The paper tries to show that there are –due to some conditions- positive things in committing Taqlid. To show this, the paper would attempt to scrutinize the historical facts in which Muslims do benefit from doing Taqlid. It means also that, Ijtihad is not always good for Muslims. By presenting some findings -the paper will argue- that in some cases, Muslims should abandon independent intellectual exercise and resort to blind acceptance if in doing so would bring benefit for them.
Sunnah dalam Nalar Islam Kontemporer Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd
Authors: Mahmudah Nur
Published: December 2015

This paper deals with the notion of Sunna according to one of the most leading contemporary Muslim thinkers, Nasr Hamid Abu Zayd. The paper explores both his view concerning the Sunna, and his methodology of how to understand it. The paper discovers that the man does find in the Sunna a kind of flexibility that makes it open for new understanding and application within new context. His conception of the Sunna can be found in his ideas concerning the nature, position, validity and the interpretation of religious text. Given that the Sunna comes only second after the Qur’an, the former must therefore be interpreted in the light of the latter. The paper tries to show that what is interesting about studying Abu Zayd is his view to transform the Islamic religious texts from merely mythological narratives into a logical and living tradition.
Manajemen Risiko Investasi Wakaf Uang
Authors: Rozalinda Rozalinda
Published: December 2015

This paper is aimed at discussing the notion of endowment as a form of investment. Like any other kinds of investment, endowment needs a proper management especially that which is related to risk. Hence, the subject of this paper is risk management for money endowment, i.e., endowment in the form of money. A lack of proper management will certainly lead to the unsuccessful investment such as the ineffective cash-flow which occurs as a result of inflation. The paper argues that the unsuccessful endowment is often the victim of its own ineffective management, or else of its inefficient managers. Many endowments have no managers and management, the result of which being that it cannot be sustained and made use of. While the Syari’ah banking has improved dramatically in many Muslim countries, and has been run professionally, the paper asks, why is it not the case with the endowment sector?
Pendidikan Antikorupsi melalui Budaya Sekolah Berbasis Nilai-nilai Keislaman
Authors: Harmanto Harmanto
Published: December 2015

Corruption has become a kind of endemic in a country like Indonesia. It becomes our serious challenge therefore to deal with it properly and appropriately. This paper argues first and foremost that combating corruption through law enforcement is not enough. It proposes instead, that preventing corruption can only be effective and affective through education. By education we mean that which sharpens and softens the mindset, attitudes, and behavior of the educated. Our schools have hitherto been focusing on the cognitive aspect of education only ignoring in that process its spiritual and affective aspects. What is needed—this paper further argues—is value inculcation in the mind and heart of the students in such a way that when they grow up they can look after themselves as far as avoiding vices is concerned. Value inculcation in turn can only work when a religious education and instruction is involved. Hence, good education is what which incorporates religious teaching and doctrine into the system of education. It is to this point that this paper is destined.
Strategi Public Relations Pesantren Sidogiri dalam Membangun Citra Lembaga Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Chotimah Chusnul
Published: December 2015

Pesantren has been believed to be a form of indigenous educational system in Indonesia. The history and nature of pesantren have both shown that there is a good relation between pesantren and the society. This will be the focus of the study. It would investigate the notion of how pesantren is related to the wider community, and what are its strategies to keep the community in touch with it? All this will be discussed with referring particularly to the case of pesantren Sidogiri and its already-existing unit called public relation unit. Qualitative in its nature, the paper is phenomenological in its approach. It assumes that generally speaking, any pesantren in Indonesia would –in the beginning- run by accident, and not by design. But as it grows, it becomes as modern as any advanced educational institution would be. Hence, the paper will show that pesantren Sidogiri is aware of the importance of imagebuilding, and that it consciously pursues it through its software and hardware mechanism. The paper will also show that the surrounding community and the alumni are in fact part of the pesantren’s network to build a better image.
Pendidikan Transformatif Menuju Masyarakat Demokratis
Authors: Suparta Mundzier
Published: December 2015

The basic argument that this paper tries to prove is that, education can be counter-productive to the most important value of humanity if it is run inappropriately. Given that value can be produced—in this modern time—by telecommunication and information technology, education cannot turn a blind eye on it. By implication, education cannot ignore modernity. It is this problem that this paper is concerned with. The paper is interested in discussing the idea of transformative education by relating it to many sources and factors of transformation. Modernity is certainly one of those. The paper—borrowing UNESCO—understands education as simply the learning to know, the learning to do, to be, and to live together. Consequently, education is all about adapting oneself to the environment in which he/she lives. It is in this context that education cannot escape modernity, for modernity has become the very part of human life and environment. And it is only through modernity—this paper argues—that education can be meaningful at least in democratic terms.
Toleransi Keberagamaan Sekte Ibâdîyah Era Dinasti Rustamîyah
Authors: Rofiq Ahmad Choirul
Published: December 2015

Similar to any theological sect, the Kharijite has split into many smaller groups. Usually all these groups were characterized as extreme factions who used violence in the pursuit of their purposes. However, the factual evidence proved that there was Ibadite which was considered as the most moderate group. The Ibadites tend to avoid  extreme behaviour. Due to their moderation, they successively ascended to power. The example of their remarkable achievement was the Rustamid Dynasty in Maghreb from 160-296H (776-909AD). As far as the research is concerned, unfortunately, there is no comprehensive records on the Rustamid accomplishment. The Rustamids reigned their plural society with different backgrounds in ethnicity, nationality, and religion. By doing so, the Rustamids could generate harmonious life in the entire territory under their government. Besides, the Rustamids have achieved an extraordinary civilization. The Rustamid tolerance was based on their ideology. The moderate Ibadite doctrine inspired the Rustamids to become tolerant to their various people. Actually, Indonesians with their diversity could also achieve high civilization such as what the Rustamid has achieved in terms of religious tolerance.
Demokrasi Perspektif Hizbut Tahrir versus Religious Mardomsalari ala Muslim Iran
Authors: Al-Amin Ainur Rofiq
Published: December 2015

In general, Muslim responses to democracy are threefold. The first is the Muslim group which accepts without reserve the concept of democracy. This group appreciates the discourse of democracy as such without any criticism. The second is the Muslim group which accepts democracy with criticism. This group tries to elaborate democracy which is in line with culture, tradition and religion in a particular country. This group rejects to be dictated by the Western model of democracy. The third is the Muslim group which rejects democracy. This group regards democracy as the source of evil and crimes. One that belongs to the third group is Hizbut-Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). According to HTI, democracy is evil, incompatible with Islam. For this reason, this articles focuses on, first, the factors which lead HTI to reject democracy; second, the reason or Islamic legal construct developed by HTI to reject democracy; and third, religious mardomsalari (religious democracy) practiced in the Islamic Republic of Iran. This study is a qualitative research based on the study of texts.
Kebangkitan Tarekat Kota
Authors: Aziz Ahmad Amir
Published: December 2015

This article tries to analyze the revival of mystical order (tarekat) in urban areas. Experiences reveal that the development of mystical orders in the Muslim world is not free from criticism, either from the insiders or the outsiders. However, mystical orders still exist, and this fact is characterized by the development of different mystical groups in various cities. Political, social and economic factors influence the fluctuation of mystical orders. This article argues that in a number of countries and in Indonesia, the mystical orders have contributed significantly to the socio-religious life of Muslims. The mystical orders become stronger as they are supported by the involvement of middle class group, media publication, and internal strength embedded in the very tradition of mystical orders. The influx of middle class Muslims to the networks of tarekat brings the fresh wind of change since their engagement provides the internal dynamic of tarekat which encounters external influences on the one hand, and the continuing drive to develop on the other.
Tinjauan Perspektif Intelegensia Muslim terhadap Genealogi Kelas Menengah Muslim di Indonesia
Authors: Jati Wasisto Raharjo
Published: December 2015

This article aims to analyze genealogies of Muslim middle class in Indonesia. It can be traced from three primary sources such as bourgeoisies, pilgrimage trip (h}ajj) to Mecca and Medina, and education. These three sources have intertwined each other to build up Muslim middle class in social strata system that branch off in two model; bourguoises class and intellectual class. In this section, bourguoises tends to form trade alliance against Chinese domaniance and western traders who had been given privilieges from colonial regime. Meanwhile, intellectual class had focused to form ideal state for umat in Indonesia. Both classes are united altogether to form Islamic state as ultimate goals. High tension of political constellation in post colonial period had resulted in nationalist group as regulator class in Indonesia. Regarding political negotiation from nationalist, Indonesian Muslim middle class focused to establish Muslim society according to Medinan principles. Modern influence based on western style has affected Islamic values in grass roots level, and this resulted in the rise of modern Muslim society that embraced western style of life.
Determinasi Eksistensial Pemikiran Hukum Islam Abdullahi Ahmed An-Na‘im
Authors: Khoir Tholkhatul
Published: December 2015

This article deals with the Islamic legal thought of Abdullahi Ahmed an-Na‘im from the sociology of knowledge approach. According to this approach, knowledge (including religious interpretation and practices) is sociologically, economically and politically determined. This article aims to understand how an-Na‘im’s Islamic legal thought is determined by his existence within social reality. This article concludes that an-Na‘im’s thought is determined by (1) socio-political and legal reality in Sudan, (2) Mahmoud Mohamed Taha who influenced his ideas, (3) British milieu, and (4) American environment which is politically secular, Islamo-phobic, racist, discriminative and intolerant towards Afro-Americans. The maturity of an-Na‘im’s thought is particularly influenced by the history of British colonialism in Sudan and his academic training in England, a place where human rights discourse develops as the result of post-enlightenment humanism and some major revolutions in Europe.
Optimalisasi Intermediasi dan Pembiayaan BMT Menuju Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat
Authors: Ulum Fahrur
Published: December 2015

This article seeks to discuss the economic empowerment of society through the optimalization of BMT’s function of intermediating and financing. Using a descriptive and qualitative approach, this article reveals that the success of economic empowerment should be supported by strategy, tactics and stepping. The program should also be implemented through segmentation and training of clients, providing human resources that understand the vision and mission of empowerment, optimizing BMT’s function of intermediating, and providing a coordinated tool of saving. Intermediation is conducted through developing economic potentials of Muslim community (ummah), improving the quality of human resources, mobilizing societal resources, bridging the relation between the rich and the poor and between the fund owners and users, coaching and balancing in terms of financial support.
Pimps Up, Hoes Down?: The Amazing Misadventures of Blackface Masculinity
Authors: Baldwin Davarian
Published: December 2015

This essay argues that the current framing of black masculinity within expose-style discussions have continually mired a needed conversation about the future of black masculinity within a discourse of “blackface masculinity.” Here, a literal minstrel show is enacted where the most canned, marketable, and enticing expressions of black masculine deviance in popular culture stand in for a more pointed conversation about the pervasiveness of an American brand of misogyny and homophobia. In the end, this blackface show is an American production that purposefully racializes dangerous expressions of masculinity as inherently “black,” limits black women to a vision of gender defined by social/sexual subservience to all men, and renders invisible current anxieties around gender relations that could help explain the attractive lure of his “blackface masculinity” for men across the color line.
“Split At The Root”: The Reformation of The Mulatto Hero/Heroine
Authors: Gafford Tia L
Published: December 2015

Frances E. W. Harper’s Iola Leroy offers a valuable insight on the development of a holistic and natural model for patriarchy in the 19th century. Harper combines normally diametrically opposed ideologies of masculinity and femininely in the characters of Dr. Frank Latimer and Iola Leroy who become cultural heros/heroines by embracing a Black consciousness. By addressing what she considers to be a more cohesive productive society, Harper contextualizes the mulatto racial and social visions against the backdrop of the post-Reconstruction South. Within this new radical mixed race, Dr. Latimer and Iola Leroy rescues this normative stereotypical version and redefines them as the pre-cursors of Alain Locke’s “New Negro.” By rejecting whiteness as a mean to emancipate themselves out of an otherwise racial bondage, Iola Leroy and Dr. Latimer embrace the “one drop” rule. By “casting themselves” into the racial “pot,” Harper sets the mulatto up to ideally “work for the people.”
Sanitização com produto à Base de Cloro e com Ozônio: Efeito Sobre Compostos Bioativos de Amora-preta ( rubus fruticosus) cv. Tupy
Authors: Jacques Andressa Carolina , Zambiazi Rui Carlos , Gandra Eliézer Ávila , Krumreich Fernanda , Luz Suzane Rickies da , Machado Mirian Ribeiro Galvão
Published: December 2015

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar e comparar a eficiência da sanitização de amora-preta, com diferentes concentrações e tempos de imersão em hipoclorito de sódio e com ozônio, e avaliar a influência do processo sobre os compostos bioativos do produto. Foram feitas análises microbiológicas e a determinação dos compostos bioativos. Os compostos de cloro utilizados na sanitização induziram a perdas significativas dos compostos bioativos (compostos fenólicos, antocianinas, tocoferóis, ácido ascórbico e carotenoides), presentes na amora-preta, sendo eficientes na sanitização contra fungos, quando utilizados na concentração de 200 ppm e por 15 minutos de imersão. Já os frutos sanitizados com ozônio apresentaram adequação aos padrões microbiológicos (fungos, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, Escherichia coli e Salmonella spp) estabelecidos pela legislação, e não apresentaram alterações significativas no conteúdo dos compostos bioativos, sendo que a menor concentração de ozônio presente neste estudo apresentou maior eficácia na sanitização dos frutos, comparada com as soluções de cloro utilizadas.
Diagnostic leaf to evaluate the nutritional status of Jatropha
Authors: Kurihara Carlos Hissao , Silva Cesar José da
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT The analytical determination of nutrient levels in recently mature leaves in order to diagnose nutritional status is based on the fact that leaves are metabolically active and more sensitive to variation in nutrients of the soil. In most of cases, there is a direct well known between foliar content and the development and yield of the plant. However, for a more accurate interpretation, it is essential to establish the index leaf. There are few published studies about Jatropha with contrasting results. In order to establish the index leaf, in adult plants, the macronutrient levels were evaluated in samples collected in experimental plots, in which doses of nitrogen and phosphorus were applied, in two parts of the floral branches (in the top and in the middle thirds); and in three positions of leaves of the floral branch (between the 1st and 3rd, 6th and 8th, and 13th and 15th leaves below the inflorescence). The location of the leaf on the plant significantly affects nutrient contents. Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulfur tend to have higher concentration in young tissues. Calcium and magnesium showed higher levels in the basal leaves of floral branches. Samples collected in the top third of plants (between the 6th and 15th leaves of the floral branch) are more sensitive to variations of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization. Therefore, we indicate the 6th to 15th leaves of the top third plants as index leaves estimate nutritional status of Jatropha.
Starch and fibre intake and glucose postprandial response of dogs
Authors: Monti Mariana , Palumbo Guilherme Roberto , Pinto Mariana Vieira de Paula , Putarov Thaila Cristina , Loureiro Bruna Agy , Gomes Márcia de Oliveira Sampaio , Pereira Gener Tadeu , Carciofi Aulus Cavalieri
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: Fibre has been studied to reduce the postprandial glucose response of dogs, but the results are inconsistent. Starch intake, however, was not properly considered in the published studies. The effects of starch and fibre intake on the postprandial glucose response were studied in non-obese adult dogs. Cellulose (CEL), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), pea fibre (PE) and sugarcane fibre (SCF) were combined to form six diets with starch contents ranging from 33% to 42%: SCF+CEL and PE+CEL diets, both with high insoluble fibre (IF=22%) and low soluble fibre (SF=2.5%) content; SCF+CMC and PE+CMC diets with high SF (SF=4.5%; IF=19%) content; and CMC and CEL diets with low dietary fibre (14%) content. The diets were fed in two amounts, providing an intake of 9.5g or 12.5g of starch (kg0.75)-1 day-1, totaling 12 treatments. Each diet was fed to six dogs conditioned to consume all of the daily food in 10min. Their plasma glucose levels were measured before and during 480min after food intake. Results of fibre and starch intake and their interactions were compared by repeated measures ANOVA and the Tukey test (P<0.05). Fibre intake did not change the glucose postprandial responses (P>0.05). High-dose starch intake, however, induced a higher glycaemia at 180 and 240min after the meal and a greater maximal glycaemia and greater area under the glucose curve (P<0.05). A range in insoluble and soluble fibre intake does not change postprandial glucose response, and the amount of starch intake is a main factor for the postprandial glucose response of healthy non-obese dogs.
Morphology and dynamics of male gametogenesis in Sympterygia bonapartii (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae) from Northern Patagonia
Authors: Moya Ana C. , Andrade María C. Díaz , Galíndez Elena J.
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT The smallnose fanskate, Sympterygia bonapartii Müller & Henle, 1841 is one of the most disembarked items in commercial harbors in Argentina. In this work, the microscopic architecture of mature male gonads and the dynamics of cysts development are analyzed as a contribution to awareness of the reproductive biology of the species. Some biological data related to reproduction are given as well. Two seasons were sampled (fall and spring) and length classes's frequency distribution and maturity stages frequency distribution are given. Size at first sexual maturation for males was estimated at 57 cm of total length. Testes are symmetric, peer, lobed, with several germinal zones. Inside the gonads, there are many spermatocysts, containing reproductive cells at the same developmental stage. On the basis of their cytological and microanatomical features, several maturative degrees of the spermatogenic series were differentiated. Few Leydig cells were recognized at the interstitial tissue among cysts. The microscopic and semiquantitative analysis performed in this work provides morphological information about male gametogenesis and some biological data for the North Patagonian population of this economically and ecologically important species.
Bakhtin contra darwinianos e cognitivistas
Authors: Hirschkop Ken
Published: December 2015

RESUMO Este artigo se inicia com uma crítica à teoria da linguagem defendida pelos cientistas cognitivistas, tal como Steven Pinker (O instinto da linguagem), que descrevem, em termos gramaticais, a complexidade da linguagem humana. Suas explicações sobre a pragmática da linguagem, contudo, são demasiadamente simplistas. Pinker é visto como um idealista, em parte porque imagina o contexto de fala apenas enquanto informação compartilhada, negligenciando, desse modo, a complexidade representada pelas condições enunciativas, bem como por ver a linguagem enquanto dados a serem processados entres duas máquinas computacionais sem corpos. Examinam-se, então, as diferentes posições de Bakhtin sobre a linguagem. Para ele, as pessoas falam com seus corpos e não apenas com seu cérebro. Diferentemente de Pinker ou Saussure, Bakhtin não acreditava que temos dicionários em nossas cabeças, que são consultados quando bem desejarmos. Para Bakhtin, a experiência da linguagem consiste não em uma série de posições tomadas, mas em uma série de tentativas fracassadas para encontrar uma posição, porque não há posição disponível na qual atenderíamos às exigências que são colocadas sobre nós. Ao ressaltar o discurso do outro e a linguagem, Bakhtin é um realista e propicia um contraponto útil para as posições ingênuas e idealistas tomadas por alguns cientistas cognitivistas.
Development and validation of an instrument for evaluating the ludicity of games in health education
Authors: Pires Maria Raquel Gomes Maia , Göttems Leila Bernarda Donato , Silva Laianna Victoria Santiago , Carvalho Paloma Aparecida , Melo Gislane Ferreira de , Fonseca Rosa Maria Godoy Serpa da
Published: December 2015

Abstract OBJECTIVE Developing and validating an instrument to evaluate the playfulness of games in health education contexts. METHODOLOGY A methodological, exploratory and descriptive research, developed in two stages: 1. Application of an open questionnaire to 50 graduate students, with content analysis of the answers and calculation of Kappa coefficient for defining items; 2. Procedures for construction of scales, with content validation by judges and analysis of the consensus estimate byContent Validity Index(CVI). RESULTS 53 items regarding the restless character of the games in the dimensions of playfulness, the formative components of learning and the profiles of the players. CONCLUSION Ludicity can be assessed by validated items related to the degree of involvement, immersion and reinvention of the subjects in the game along with the dynamics and playability of the game.
Obstetric complications and mother’s age at delivery are predictors of eating disorder symptoms among Health Science college students
Authors: Lofrano-Prado Mara Cristina , Prado Wagner Luiz do , Barros Mauro Virgilio Gomes de , Tenório Thiago Ricardo dos Santos , Souza Sandra Lopes de
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT Objective To identify the association between perinatal/neonatal factors and symptoms of eating disorders among college students. Methods Four hundred and eight college students (283 women), aged 18 to 23 years old, enrolled in the first semester of a Bachelor of Health Science degree program were included in the sample. Eating disorder symptoms and body image dissatisfaction were assessed with the Eating Attitudes Test and Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh. Information regarding birth weight, breastfeeding, obstetric complications, mother’s age at delivery, type of delivery, and birth order were self-reported by the volunteers after consulting their parents. Association between perinatal and neonatal factors and symptoms of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa were assessed by binary logistic regression adjusted for sex, age, and body mass index. Results The likelihood of presenting with symptoms of anorexia nervosa was 0.5 time lower for those students born from the oldest mothers (odds ratio – OR=0.37; 95% confidence interval – 95%CI: 0.17-0.83). Relative to bulimia nervosa, the risk was higher among students who reported obstetric complications (OR=2.62; 95%CI: 1.03-6.67). Conclusion We observed the association between perinatal and neonatal factors with symptoms of eating disorders in college students.
Service-state behavior of reinforced soil walls supporting spread footings: a parametric study using finite-element analysis
Authors: Ambauen S. , Leshchinsky B. , Xie Y. , Rayamajhi D.
Published: December 2015

Reinforced soil has become a common means of retaining soil and supporting spread footings due to ease of construction and cost-efficiency. However, the behavior of these structures under service state conditions is inherently complex and dependent on the selection of design factors. Factors that govern design include earth pressures, settlements and reinforcement strains, but are not easily attained from closed form solutions. This study aims to provide insight into the complex behavior of reinforced soil walls surcharged by a discrete footing in context of these design factors, facilitating the development of a numerical model. A nonlinear elastic–plastic constitutive soil material model was calibrated to experimental plane strain test data, while the performance of a wall model was compared against full-scale laboratory testing of an identical geosynthetic-reinforced wall from prior literature, demonstrating satisfactory agreement. This agreement enabled a parametric study of the same wall model with a discrete spread footing evaluating the effects of reinforcement type and vertical spacing, footing location, footing dimensions, and toe restraint on lateral earth pressure distributions, wall deformations and reinforcement strains. The results of the study demonstrated that simplified consideration of only reinforcement type on service-state performance of reinforced walls neglects the effects of closely spaced reinforcements on behavior. Use of closely spaced reinforcements created increased earth pressures, but also reduced lateral displacement, footing settlements and reinforcement strains. Furthermore, it enabled achievement of equivalent service state criteria for footings located closer to the wall facing, potentially enabling increased right-of-way or reduced deck length when supporting a bridge superstructure.
Genetic and Pharmacologic Targeting of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β Reinforces the Nrf2 Antioxidant Defense against Podocytopathy
Authors: Zhou Sijie , Wang Pei , Qiao Yingjin , Ge Yan , Wang Yingzi , Quan Songxia , Yao Ricky , Zhuang Shougang , Wang Li Juan , Du Yong , Liu Zhangsuo , Gong Rujun
Published: December 2015

Evidence suggests that the glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3)–dictated nuclear exclusion and degradation of Nrf2 is pivotal in switching off the self-protective antioxidant stress response after injury. Here, we examined the mechanisms underlying this regulation in glomerular disease. In primary podocytes, doxorubicin elicited cell death and actin cytoskeleton disorganization, concomitant with overactivation of GSK3β (the predominant GSK3 isoform expressed in glomerular podocytes) and minimal Nrf2 activation. SB216763, a highly selective small molecule inhibitor of GSK3, exerted a protective effect that depended on the potentiated Nrf2 antioxidant response, marked by increased Nrf2 expression and nuclear accumulation and augmented production of the Nrf2 target heme oxygenase-1. Ectopic expression of the kinase-dead mutant of GSK3β in cultured podocytes reinforced the doxorubicin-induced Nrf2 activation and prevented podocyte injury. Conversely, a constitutively active GSK3β mutant blunted the doxorubicin-induced Nrf2 response and exacerbated podocyte injury, which could be abolished by treatment with SB216763. In murine models of doxorubicin nephropathy or nephrotoxic serum nephritis, genetic targeting of GSK3β by doxycycline-inducible podocyte-specific knockout or pharmacologic targeting by SB216763 significantly attenuated albuminuria and ameliorated histologic signs of podocyte injury, including podocytopenia, loss of podocyte markers, podocyte de novo expression of desmin, and ultrastructural lesions of podocytopathy (such as foot process effacement). This beneficial outcome was likely attributable to an enhanced Nrf2 antioxidant response in glomerular podocytes because the selective Nrf2 antagonist trigonelline abolished the proteinuria-reducing and podocyte-protective effect. Collectively, our results suggest the GSK3β-regulated Nrf2 antioxidant response as a novel therapeutic target for protecting podocytes and treating proteinuric glomerulopathies.
Distribución geográfica de Hylocereus (Cactaceae) en México
Authors: García-Rubio Luz Adriana , Vargas Ponce Ofelia , Ramírez-Mireles Felipe de Jesús , Munguía-Lino Guadalupe , Corona-Oceguera Carlos Alberto , Cruz-Hernández Tolin
Published: December 2015

Hylocereus en un género americano de importancia hortícola por sus frutos comestibles. En México crecen varias especies de Hylocereus . Sin embargo, su distribución no se conoce por completo, por ello se requiere ampliar este conocimiento. Con este objetivo se analizaron la riqueza de especies y los patrones de distribución geográfica de Hylocereus en México. Se revisaron ejemplares de 12 herbarios nacionales y se hicieron colectas botánicas. En adición, con un Sistema de Información Geográfica y 437 registros georeferenciados se identificaron las provincias biogeográficas y condiciones ecológicas en que se desarrollan. Como resultado, se reconoció a H . ocamponis , H . purpusii , H . undatus e H . aff. escuintlensis . Jalisco, Chiapas y Oaxaca tienen el mayor número de registros y junto con Michoacán y Guerrero son los de mayor riqueza. Los cuatro taxa se desarrollan en la Costa Pacífica Mexicana mientras H . purpusii , H . ocamponis y H . undatus confluyen en el Eje Volcánico Transmexicano.   Hylocereus aff . escuintlensis e H . undatus convergen en la provincia de Chiapas.  Hylocereus crece en climas templados a muy cálidos; H . undatus exhibe la mayor amplitud ecológica, H . aff . escuintlensis muestra intervalos más estrechos mientras que H . ocamponis e H . purpusii coexisten en condiciones similares.
Personalization of Parameters and Validation of Model of the Human Cardiovascular System
Authors: Киселев И.Н. , Kiselev I.N.
Published: December 2015

In the article we present a procedure of human cardiovascular model parameters personalization and its validation against database comprising data
of 1546 patients. The algorithm of parameters identification on the basis of experimental data is designed with different parameter combinations.
The quality of prediction of the systolic and diastolic pressures is used as the validation criterion. It is shown that with an appropriate personalization
the model can provide adequate predictions (correlation near 0.9), where the decisive role is played by the total peripheral resistance parameter.
Meanwhile parameters of the largest arteries do not play a significant role in the prediction. At the same time the model with presented personalization
technique is not able to provide adequate prediction of pulse pressure.
Research of Mechanical Characteristics of Bone Tissues By Means Of the Developed Automated System of Medical Appointment
Authors: Аносов А.В. , Anosov A.V.
Published: December 2015

The presented system of medical appointment allows building of solid-state models of bone and soft tissues on the basis of computer tomogram data.
These models are able to take into account anisotropy of biomechanical properties, to carry out multiple geometrical operations on association of models
of bone tissues with various combinations of fixing systems and endoprostheses, to calculate their mechanical characteristics in various physical environments,
to carry out the comparative analysis of results of the calculation. The system provides biomechanical justifications of effective methods of diagnostics
and treatment of the human musculoskeletal device.
Vozes da África nos simbolismos da ficção: ecos do preconceito étnico-religioso em Tenda dos Milagres
Authors: Araújo Nascimento Robéria Nádia
Published: December 2015

Este texto se apropria das simbologias da religiosidade afro-brasileira na minissérie Tenda dos Milagres, inspirada na obra de Jorge Amado, para refletir sobre os preconceitos étnico-religiosos. Os fragmentos dos capítulos, as descrições das cenas e as entrevistas com praticantes contextualizam a mitologia do candomblé, constituindo espaços de discussão das desigualdades raciais e da ressignificação das práticas culturais africanas na sociedade brasileira, especialmente na Bahia.  
Telefonia móvel e seus significados para os consumidores: uma análise comparativa entre angolanos e brasileiros.
Authors: Sato Silvio Koiti
Published: December 2015

Este artigo desenvolve uma reflexão comparativa sobre o consumo de telefonia celular em Angola e no Brasil. Entrevistamos consumidores de Luanda e São Paulo, as maiores cidades dos dois países, para avaliar práticas relacionadas à adoção das tecnologias móveis de informação e comunicação em contextos socioeconômicos distintos. A partir do enquadramento teórico sobre as Novas Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (NTICs) e seus desdobramentos no consumo e na cultura, foi possível identificar diferenças e semelhanças em cada país no que se refere aos benefícios, riscos e conflitos associados ao consumo do celular, e o desenvolvimento de rituais de consumo específicos na relação com as tecnologias móveis.
Usos sociais das TICs em dinâmicas de transnacionalismo e comunicação migrante em rede: uma aproximação à diáspora senegalesa no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Brignol Liliane Dutra
Published: December 2015

Mesmo que as relações entre Brasil e África tenham se estabelecido em meio a muitos processos sócio-históricos, o continente ainda representa um desconhecido no contexto brasileiro. O artigo parte de uma discussão sobre os conceitos de Atlântico Negro e diáspora, em sentidos mais híbridos de cultura e identidades, para pensar fluxos migratórios que reatualizam as relações entre os dois âmbitos. O texto integra pesquisa sobre comunicação e dinâmicas de migração entre Senegal e Rio Grande do Sul e tem o objetivo de explorar o processo de consumo das tecnologias da informação e comunicação por migrantes senegaleses em cidades gaúchas. A análise valoriza dois aspectos centrais assumidos pelas TICs no processo migratório: o papel de conexão transnacional e a consolidação de dinâmicas de comunicação em rede com implicações intra e interculturais.
The Reception Of Islamic Religious Activists (Rohis) On Religious Reading Materials In Sman 48 East Jakarta And Sma Labschool East Jakarta
Authors: Nur Mahmudah
Published: December 2015

This paper is motivated by some studies that suggest that the majority of students in Jakarta have a narrow and exclusive religious understanding, and tend to agree in a violent action to resolve the problem of religion and morals. This research is a descriptive research that more emphasis on qualitative data analysis and using reception approach. Reception analysis is used in order to describe a religious reading material within religious extra-organization activists, and describes the reception of student activists on the reading material that focuses on interpretation and the motivation of students in selection of reading materials. This research suggests that ROHIS activist in SMAN 48 East Jakarta And SMA Labschool East Jakarta prefers to read some books that the genre were Islamic novels and the books about women, which had simple language, easily understanding, and communicative. Student motivation in choosing reading material is more to support their worship activities, either obligatory or sunnah, that relate to their daily activities.
Generalizing visual fast count estimators for underwater video surveys
Authors: Barry Jon , Eggleton Jackie , Ware Suzanne , Curtis Matthew
Published: December 2015

A generalized Visual Fast Count (GVFC) method of moments estimator is proposed for estimating epifaunal species abundance from underwater video survey transects. This formalises and provides a statistical framework for previous ad‐hoc Visual Fast Count methods. For a single transect, we derive the expected value of the naive GVFC estimator and use this to create the method of moments estimator, which has reduced bias. A maximum likelihood estimator for multiple transects is derived. For illustration, our methods are applied to a series of video trawls at Folkestone Pomerania in the Dover Straits, UK. Although our methods have been developed for marine applications, they could also be applied to some terrestrial transect surveys.