bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Have color representations in books changed over the past 200 years? An empirical analysis based on the Google Books Ngram corpus
Authors: Guan Lu , Shi Weiying , Li Qianqian , Oktavianus Jeffry , Wu Mengmeng
Published: September 2023

Color significantly shapes our perceptions of the world, and extensive scientific research has explored various aspects of color, including color linguistics, aesthetics, color and marketing, color therapy, and color psychology. Notably, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the psychological domain of color in recent years. However, limited scholarly attention has been given to studying the changes in color representations and emotions over the decades. To address this gap, we utilized word embedding models of Google Books Ngrams corpus to examine the most strongly associated entities and traits with colors and their evolution in color emotions over 200 years. Analyzing three emotional dimensions—pleasure, arousal, and dominance (PAD), we found that red, green, white, black, orange, purple, brown, and pink were related to the exuberant type (+P + A + D) in PAD emotional space. In contrast, blue was linked to the relaxed type (+P−A + D), and yellow constituted the anxious type (−P + A−D). Among all basic English color terms, the emotion‐driven perceptions associated with white, brown, and pink have significantly changed over time.
Discrete honeycombs, rational edges, and edge states
Authors: Fefferman Charles L. , Fliss Sonia , Weinstein Michael I.
Published: September 2023

Consider the tight binding model of graphene, sharply terminated along an edgelparallel to a direction of translational symmetry of the underlying period lattice. We classify such edgeslinto those of “zigzag type” and those of “armchair type”, generalizing the classical zigzag and armchair edges. We prove that zero energy / flat band edge states arise for edges of zigzag type, but never for those of armchair type. We exhibit explicit formulas for flat band edge states when they exist. We produce strong evidence for the existence of dispersive (non flat) edge state curves of nonzero energy for mostl.
Promoting sustainable development: Multiple mediation effects of green value co‐creation and green dynamic capability between green market pressure and firm performance
Authors: Huang Shi‐Zheng , Tian Hong‐Hong , Cheablam Onanong
Published: September 2023

The need for organizations to safeguard and advance environmental sustainability has recently become imperative due to mounting pressures from various stakeholder groups. However, a significant research gap remains regarding how these pressures influence enterprises' green practices and performance. The aim of this study is to examine the impact of green market pressure exerted by customers and competitors on firm performance, taking into account the multiple mediating effects of green value co‐creation and green dynamic capability. Questionnaire survey data collected from 274 high‐tech manufacturing companies in the Yangtze River Delta of China were used to test the proposed relationships. By testing the mediation effects based on stakeholder theory and dynamic capability view, the results show that green market pressure positively affects firm performance, while both green value co‐creation and green dynamic capability play as an individual mediator between green market pressure and firm performance. Moreover, green value co‐creation and green dynamic capability sequentially mediate the link between green market pressure and firm performance. These findings provide valuable suggestions for improving firm performance under the background of environmental protection.
Framing as a strategy for defending the perceived authenticity of voluntary environmental disclosure in the digital era
Authors: Lv David , Wokutch Richard
Published: September 2023

In the digital age, to attract readers' attention, environmental activists may change the way corporate environmental information is reported and reinterpret it in social media. This paper aims to discuss how firms protect the perceived authenticity of their environmental disclosure. This study suggests that framing enables firms to clarify the disclosure focus for their readers in the information‐overload context. We propose five framing strategies and evaluate their effects on the stigmatized categorization, attribution, and diffusion of environmental information. By doing so, we add framing strategies to the managerial toolkit available for protecting the perceived authenticity of corporate voluntary environmental disclosure.
Few differences in psychiatric comorbidities and treatment response among people with anorexia nervosa and atypical anorexia nervosa
Authors: Billman Miller Marley G. , Gioia Ayla N. , Essayli Jamal H. , Forrest Lauren N.
Published: September 2023

Objective

Little is known about how individuals with atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) respond to eating disorder (ED) treatment in a partial hospitalization program (PHP), nor how certain factors such as trauma, childhood abuse, psychiatric comorbidity, and suicidal thoughts and behaviors might contribute to poor treatment outcomes. Thus, the current study (1) compares prevalence of these factors between individuals with AN and atypical AN upon admission to an ED PHP, (2) compares PHP treatment response between groups, and (3) investigates whether experiencing these factors impacts treatment outcomes.

Method

We conducted a retrospective chart review of young adults admitted to a PHP with AN (n = 95) and atypical AN (n = 59). Histories of psychiatric comorbidities and adverse childhood experiences were obtained from initial psychiatric evaluations. ED symptoms were assessed at intake and discharge with the Eating Disorder Examination‐Questionnaire (EDE‐Q).

Results

No significant differences were found at intake in ED symptom severity or prevalence of lifetime trauma, childhood abuse, number of psychiatric diagnoses, or suicidal thoughts and behavior. Symptomatology at discharge also did not differ between groups. Emotional abuse was significantly related to discharge shape and weight overvaluation. No other intake characteristics were significantly related to discharge symptomatology.

Discussion

To our knowledge, this is the first study to compare the prevalence of comorbidities for both AN and atypical AN, as well as differential treatment outcomes for these individuals in a PHP. Results add to growing literature suggesting that, other than weight, AN and atypical AN have few properties that reliably distinguish them from one another.

Public Significance

This study adds to a growing body of literature that raises questions about whether anorexia nervosa (AN) and atypical AN are truly different diagnoses. Our findings suggest these two groups present to treatment in a partial hospitalization program (PHP) with similar ED symptoms, as well as prevalence of lifetime trauma, childhood abuse, suicidal thoughts and behavior, and number of psychiatric comorbidities, and demonstrate similar treatment trajectories in PHP.
Genetically predicted androgenic profiles and adverse cardiac markers: a sex‐specific Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Chen Jun Yu , Ardissino Maddalena , Reddy Rohin K. , Mason Amy Marie , Raisi‐Estabragh Zahra , Di Angelantonio Emanuele , Burgess Stephen , Ng Fu Siong
Published: September 2023

Aims

Observational evidence suggests associations between sex hormone levels and heart failure (HF). We used sex‐specific genetic variants associated with androgenic sex hormone profiles to investigate the causal relevance of androgenic sex hormone profiles on cardiac structure and function and HF using Mendelian randomization (MR).

Methods and results

Sex‐specific uncorrelated genome‐wide significant (P < 5 × 10−8) variants predicting sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), total testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone were extracted from summary statistics of genome‐wide association study (GWAS) on 425 097 participants in the UK Biobank. Sex‐specific gene–outcome association estimates were computed for left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), left ventricular end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes (LVEDV and LVESV, respectively), left ventricular stroke volume (LVSV), cardiac index, and cardiac output in 11 528 female and 14 356 male UK Biobank Imaging Study participants and for incident or prevalent HF in an external cohort of 47 309 cases and 930 014 controls. Inverse‐variance weighted MR was the primary analysis method. In females, higher genetically predicted bioavailable testosterone was associated with lower LVEDV [β per nmol/L = −0.11 (−0.19 to −0.03), P = 0.006], lower LVESV [β = −0.09 (−0.17 to −0.01), P = 0.022], lower LVSV [β = −0.11 (−0.18 to −0.03), P = 0.005], lower cardiac output [β = −0.08 (−0.16 to 0.00), P = 0.046], and lower cardiac index [β = −0.08 (−0.16 to −0.01), P = 0.034] and a higher risk of HF [odds ratio 1.10 (1.01–1.19), P = 0.026] on external validation analysis in larger scale, sex‐adjusted GWAS data. Higher genetically predicted SHBG was associated with higher LVEDV [β per nmol/L = 0.17 (0.08–0.25), P = 2 × 10−4], higher LVESV [β = 0.13 (0.05–0.22), P = 0.003], and higher LVSV [β = 0.18 (0.08–0.28), P = 2 × 10−4]. In males, higher genetically predicted total and bioavailable testosterone was associated with lower LVESV [β = −0.07 (−0.12 to −0.02), P = 0.007] and LVEF [β = −0.11 (−0.18 to −0.04), P = 0.003], respectively.

Conclusions

This study supports a causal effect of pro‐androgenic sex hormone profiles in females on adverse markers of left ventricular structure and function typically associated with HF with preserved ejection fraction and with HF. There was weaker evidence of association in males.
Predictive value for mortality of left ventricular wall thickness in dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Li Jing , Feng Yue‐yue , Hu Chun‐ai , Zhao Yan , Hou Ju‐pan , Xu Hui , Dou Li‐na , Lou Ming , Han Bing
Published: September 2023

Aims

The purpose of this study was to explore the predictive value of wall thickness measured by cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) for all‐cause mortality in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients.

Methods and results

DCM patients who underwent CMR and completed the regular follow‐up were included in this study. The left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (PWT), interventricular septum thickness (IVST), left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular mass (LVM) were measured by CMR. The presence and extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) were also assessed. The relative posterior wall thickness (RWTPW) and relative interventricular septum wall thickness (RWTIVS) were defined by the following equations: RWTPW = (2 × PWT)/LVDd, and RWTIVS = (2 × IVST)/LVDd. All patients received regular telephone and outpatient follow‐up. The primary endpoint was all‐cause mortality. A total of 161 patients were enrolled in this study, including 126 (78.3%) males. The mean age was 52.3 ± 13.6 years. During the median follow‐up of 47 months (interquartile range 32–57 months), 41 (24.8%) patients died. Compared with the non‐death group, LVDd (75.2 ± 11.9 vs. 70.5 ± 8.8 mm; P = 0.025) was greater in the death group, while PWT [5.2 mm (3.7–6.8) vs. 6.9 mm (5.3–8.6); P < 0.001], IVST [8.2 mm (6.5–9.5) vs. 9.3 mm (7.4–10.5); P = 0.005], RWTPW [0.15 (0.11–0.19) vs. 0.20 (0.15–0.25); P < 0.001], RWTIVS [0.22 (0.17–0.26) vs. 0.26 (0.22–0.31); P < 0.001], and LVM/LVEDV ratio (0.5 ± 0.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.2 g/mL; P < 0.001) were lower. The presence of LGE [LGE(+)] was more frequent in the death group (75.6% vs. 58.3%; P = 0.048). However, the LGE extent was not significantly different between the two groups [4 (1–7) vs. 2 (0–6); P = 0.096]. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PWT [hazard ratio (HR) 0.086, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.665–0.976; P < 0.05] and RWTPW (HR 0.001, 95% CI 0.000–0.502; P < 0.05) were independent predictors of all‐cause death. In contrast, IVST, RWTIVS, and the presence of LGE were not clearly associated with death.

Conclusions

PWT measured by CMR is an independent predictor of all‐cause mortality in DCM patients. However, there was no significant correlation between septum wall thickness and mortality.
Crown‐Ether‐Ring Size Dependent Crystal Structures, Phase Transition and Dielectric Properties of [M(crown)]BF4⋅xH2O (M+=Na+, K+; crown=15‐crown‐5, 18‐crown‐6; x=0 or 1)
Authors: Yuan Guo‐Jun , Luan Ye‐Ting , Miao Ji‐Bin , Wang Cai‐Feng , Chen Li , Chen Chao , Chen Hong , Li Li , Ren Xiao‐Ming
Published: September 2023

Crown ethers demonstrate significant conformational flexibility and rotational symmetry, rendering them invaluable in the realms of supramolecular chemistry and crystal engineering. These unique natures facilitate the construction of supramolecular crystals of crown ethers, characterized by disorder‐order phase transitions, imparts unique properties that hold promise for diverse applications across multiple fields. In this study, four supramolecular compounds, namely [Na(15‐crown‐5)]BF4 (1), [Na(18‐crown‐6)]BF4⋅H2O (2), [K(15‐crown‐5)]BF4 (3) and [K(18‐crown‐6)]BF4⋅H2O (4) were synthesized and characterized by microanalysis, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and powder X‐ray diffraction techniques. Herein, 15‐crown‐5 and 18‐crown‐6 correspond to 1,4,7,10,13‐pentaoxacyclopentadecane and 1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane, respectively. It was observed that the crystal structure, phase transition, and dielectric properties of these supramolecular compounds are significantly influenced by the size of the crown‐ether rings. The research extensively discussed the correlation between the coordination mode of metal ions of K+ or Na+ with crown ethers, the compatibility between metal ions and crown‐ether rings in terms of size, and the effects of crown‐ether disorder on dielectric permittivity during phase transitions. Our discoveries hold significant implications for the design and development of crown‐ether supramolecular functional materials.
Efficient Synthesis and Microwave‐Assisted Sonogashira Reactions of Triflate‐Substituted Porphyrin
Authors: Arcudi Francesca , Sartorel Andrea , Fortunato Anna , Marangoni Tomas , Demitri Nicola , Maggini Michele , Đorđević Luka
Published: September 2023

Porphyrins that bear halogens at the meso‐aryl positions are useful building blocks for the preparation of light‐harvesting arrays and materials through cross‐coupling procedures. Despite the wide use of such intermediates, their scale‐up and purification are usually hampered by tedious chromatographic separations because of the statistical nature of the synthetic protocol and the similar polarity of the different products. Here, we propose the use of porphyrins bearing a triflatophenyl group as alternative starting materials for palladium cross‐coupling reactions. In particular, purification of the zinc 5,10,15‐triaryl‐20‐(4‐triflatophenyl)porphyrin (ZnP‐OTf) model compound by column chromatography proved to be much easier compared to porphyrin analogues that carry halogen substituents. This is the result of the increased polarity of compounds functionalized by highly polar triflate groups if compared to those substituted by halogens. To show the value of the triflatophenylporphyrin model compound in cross‐coupling reactions, we developed a microwave‐assisted Sonogashira protocol that quantitatively converts the ZnP‐OTf to the corresponding alkynylphenylporphyrin, in relatively short reaction times. Finally, we showed that the proposed ZnP‐OTf building block can be conveniently converted into an alkynyl‐linked molecular wire to bridge the zinc porphyrin donor with the [60]fullerene acceptor in a molecular dyad. The prepared dyad showed efficient photoinduced charge separation from singlet ZnP excited state to [60]fullerene in a polar solvent.
Mitochondrial dynamics modulate the allergic inflammation in a murine model of allergic rhinitis
Authors: Chen Xu‐qing , Zhou Long‐yun , Ma Hua‐an , Wu Ji‐yong , Liu Shu‐fen , Wu Yong‐jun , Yan Dao‐nan
Published: September 2023

Objective

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common allergic disorder, afflicting thousands of human beings. Aberrant mitochondrial dynamics are important pathological elements for various immune cell dysfunctions and allergic diseases. However, the connection between mitochondrial dynamics and AR remains poorly understood. This study aimed to determine whether mitochondrial dynamics influence the inflammatory response in AR.

Methods

In the present study, we established a murine model of AR by sensitization with ovalbumin (OVA). Then, we investigated the mitochondrial morphology in mice with AR by transmission electron microscopy and confocal fluorescence microscopy, and evaluated the role of Mdivi‐1 (an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission) on allergic symptoms, inflammatory responses, allergic‐related signals, and reactive oxygen species formation.

Results

There was a notable enhancement in mitochondrial fragmentation in the nasal mucosa of mice following OVA stimulation, whereas Mdivi‐1 prevented aberrant mitochondrial morphology. Indeed, Mdivi‐1 alleviated the rubbing and sneezing responses in OVA‐sensitized mice. Compared with vehicle‐treated ones, mice treated with Mdivi‐1 exhibited a reduction in interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, and specific IgE levels in both serum and nasal lavage fluid, and shown an amelioration in inflammatory response of nasal mucosa. Meanwhile, Mdivi‐1 treatment was associated with a suppression in JAK2 and STAT6 activation and reactive oxygen species generation, which act as important signaling for allergic response.

Conclusion

Our findings reveal mitochondrial dynamics modulate the allergic responses in AR. Mitochondrial dynamics may represent a promising target for the treatment of AR.
Activating transcription factor 3: A potential therapeutic target for inflammatory pulmonary diseases
Authors: Li Dandan , Jing Juanjuan , Dong Xue , Zhang Chenyang , Wang Jia , Wan Xianyao
Published: September 2023

Background

Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3) is a nuclear protein that is widely expressed in a variety of cells. It is a stress‐inducible transcription gene and a member of the activating transcription factor/cAMP responsive element‐binding protein (ATF/CREB) family.

Methods

The comprehensive literature review was conducted by searching PubMed and Google Scholar. Search terms used were “ATF3”, “ATF3 and (ALI or ARDS)”, “ATF3 and COPD”, “ATF3 and PF”, and “ATF3 and Posttranslational modifications”.

Results

Recent studies have shown that ATF3 plays a critical role in many inflammatory pulmonary diseases, including acute lung injury (ALI)/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary fibrosis (PF). ATF3 participates in many signaling pathways and complex pathophysiological processes, such as inflammation, immunity, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and cell proliferation. However, the role of ATF3 in current studies is controversial, and there are reports showing that ATF3 plays different roles in different pulmonary diseases.

Conclusions

In this review, we first summarized the structure, function, and mechanism of ATF3 in various inflammatory pulmonary diseases. The impact of ATF3 on disease pathogenesis and the clinical implications was particularly focused on, with an overall aim to identify new targets for treating inflammatory pulmonary diseases.
A Pharmacoeconomic Model to Aid in the Allocation of Ambulatory Clinical Pharmacy Services
Authors: Lehmann David F. , Medicis Joseph J.
Published: September 2023

Drugs of choice in secondary prevention strategies reduce complication rates of certain diseases. Unfortunately, these strongly indicated drugs remain underused. A model was developed to predict the cost‐effectiveness of clinical pharmacy services assumed to improve use of drugs of choice to unity in hypothetical cohorts of three diseases that commonly accompany hypertension and in which clear drugs of choice exist. Use of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in patients with diabetes who have proteinuria, use of beta blockers after myocardial infarction, and use of ACE inhibitors in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction were analyzed. Clinical pharmacy services could be cost‐saving in all three diseases in this model if use of the drug of choice in standard practice did not exceed 0.899 in patients with diabetes who have proteinuria, 0.512 in patients after infarct, and 0.804 in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular dysfunction. This model may help decision makers by accessing local patient demographics and prescribing habits before any resource allocation.
Research and scholarly methods: Community‐engaged research
Authors: Moczygemba Leticia R. , Singh Reshmi L. , Baffoe James O.
Published: September 2023

Community‐engaged research (CER) is a collaborative approach used by health services researchers to integrate the voice of community stakeholders in research design to increase the relevance and impact of research in advancing health outcomes. CER is guided by principles such as leveraging strengths and resources of a community, ensuring research is mutually beneficial for all partners, facilitating co‐learning among all partners, disseminating findings to all partners, and committing long term to a community. The level of community engagement can range on a continuum from outreach, consultations, and community‐academic partnerships to community‐based participatory research depending on the type and extent of community stakeholder involvement. Given pharmacists' accessibility to the public and role as the medication expert across the health care continuum, pharmacist researchers can use CER to authentically engage communities to better understand medication‐related needs and design community‐informed interventions to optimize medication outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to provide a practical overview of CER for pharmacist researchers by: (1) introducing the CER continuum and describing how CER principles can be used before, during, and after a study, (2) describing practical considerations for conducting CER, and (3) discussing two examples of CER in improving medication‐related outcomes in health services research.
New Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Antibody Formation and Creatinine Elevation With Abaloparatide in Kidney Transplant Recipient
Authors: Swanson Christine M. , Krohn Kelly , Wiseman Alexander , Rothman Micol S.
Published: September 2023

A 39‐year‐old female with a history of kidney transplant presented to the endocrinology clinic for osteoporosis evaluation after sustaining an ankle fracture from a fall. Her kidney transplant regimen (mycophenolate mofetil 360 mg twice a day, tacrolimus 0.5 mg every morning and 0.5–1 mg every evening, prednisone 5 mg/day) and baseline creatinine (1.0–1.2 mg/dL) had been stable for several years. After an appropriate secondary workup, she was started on abaloparatide 80 μg subcutaneous daily injections for osteoporosis. She had a good initial biochemical response to therapy. However, 5 months after abaloparatide initiation she was found to have a new elevation in serum creatinine (1.17 to 1.69 mg/dL) despite stable serum tacrolimus trough levels, and two new human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies (anti‐HLA antibodies detected to Cw7 and DP28). Abaloparatide was stopped due to concern for immunogenicity. There was no evidence of rejection on kidney biopsy and she was restabilized on her transplant regimen with a new baseline creatinine of 1.3–1.6 mg/dL. The patient was subsequently started on teriparatide 20 μg daily subcutaneous injections for 2 years with good biochemical response, significant improvement in bone mineral density, and stable transplant regimen without additional signs of immunogenicity or rejection. This is the first case report to raise concern about immunogenicity with abaloparatide in solid organ transplant recipients. © 2023 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
The impact of patients' social backgrounds assessment on nursing care: Qualitative research
Authors: Mizumoto Junki , Son Daisuke , Izumiya Masashi , Horita Shoko , Eto Masato
Published: September 2023

Background

Although nurses are expected to address the social determinants of health (SDH) in clinical settings, the perspectives of front‐line nurses on the integration of SDH into their clinical practice remain unclear. Understanding the dynamism of this integration and its outcomes can yield crucial insights into effective nursing care. This study aims to elucidate the integration and adoption of tool‐based SDH assessment nursing programs and their impacts on daily nursing care.

Methods

We conducted qualitative research at a small community‐based hospital in Japan, where a tool‐based program characterized by social background interviews and documentation was implemented. Nurses at the hospital were recruited via purposive and snowball sampling. After hypothesis generation, semi‐constructed in‐depth online interviews were conducted. Each interview lasted between 30 and 50 min. The data were analyzed via thematic analysis using the framework approach.

Results

A total of 16 nurses participated. Participants' incorporation of the novel SDH assessment program was bolstered by prior learning and their recognition of its practical value. Institutional support and collaborative teamwork further facilitated the adoption of this innovation. Enhanced knowledge about the social contexts of their patients contributed to increased respect, empathy, and self‐affirmation among participants, consequently enhancing the quality of nursing care.

Conclusion

Through team‐based learning, reflection, and support, nurses can integrate a tool‐based SDH assessment program into their daily nursing practice. This program has the potential to empower nurses to deliver more holistic care and redefine their professional identity. Further research is warranted to assess patient‐reported outcomes.
Enhancement of developmental defects in the boron‐deficient maize mutanttassel‐less1by reduced auxin levels
Authors: Matthes Michaela S. , Best Norman B. , Robil Janlo M. , McSteen Paula
Published: September 2023

Background

Plant responses to deficiencies of the micronutrient boron are diverse and go beyond the well‐characterized function of boron in cell wall crosslinking. To explain these phenotypic discrepancies, hypotheses about interactions of boron with various phytohormones have been proposed, particularly auxin. While these hypotheses are intensely tested in the root meristem of the model species,Arabidopsis thaliana, studies in crop species and the shoot are limited.

Aims

To address potential boron–auxin interactions during the vegetative and reproductive development of the crop maize (Zea mays), we utilized the boron‐deficienttassel‐less1(tls1) mutant and the auxin‐deficientvanishing tassel2(vt2) mutant. We investigated interactions of boron and auxin on the levels of auxin biosynthesis and auxin transport in leaves and shoot meristems.

Methods and Results

By using genetic interaction analysis, hormone quantification, and confocal microscopy, we show that boron‐deficient leaf phenotypes intls1are enhanced in double mutants withvt2in both greenhouse and field conditions. However, auxin levels are not altered in developing leaves intls1. Rather, the localization ofZmPIN1a:YFP, a marker for auxin transport, is altered in young tassel meristems and is absent from organ initiation sites during vegetative development.

Conclusions

Our data suggest a link between polar auxin transport and phenotypic consequences in boron‐deficient conditions and further show that boron deficiency‐induced developmental defects are sensitive to low auxin levels. Our study, therefore, offers new insight into nutrient–hormone interactions to regulate crop development.
Study on the effect and mechanism of chicken breast on the gel properties of silver carp (Hypophthalmichtys molitrix) surimi
Authors: Jiang Qixing , Wang Lishi , Gao Pei , Yu Peipei , Yang Fang , Yu Dawei , Chen Han , Xia Wenshui
Published: September 2023

BACKGROUND

Adding appropriate exogenous substances is an effective means to improve the quality of freshwater fish surimi. The present study investigated the effects of chicken breast on the gel properties of mixed minced meat products.

RESULTS

With the increase in the proportion of chicken breast, the breaking force of mixed gels gradually increased. When the addition ratio was 30:70, the gel strength of mixed gels had the highest strength of 759.00 g cm−1 and also the highest water holding capacity of 87.36%. Compared with surimi gels (0:100), the hardness, adhesiveness and chewiness of mixed gels were significantly improved. The increase in the proportion of chicken breast increased the thermal stability of the mixed sol and improved the rheological properties of the mixed sol. When the proportion was 40:60, the area of immobile water (A22) in the mixed gel increased significantly, and the highest A22 was 3463.24. The hydrophobic interactions and disulfide bonds in the mixed gel were significantly increased as a result of the addition of chicken breast. The results of microstructure, electrophoresis and Raman spectroscopy indicated that the addition of chicken breast promoted the cross‐linking of the proteins in mixed gels, which facilitated the transformation of the protein secondary structure from α‐helical to β‐folded structure, thus forming a more uniform and orderly network structure.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that improving the gel properties of silver carp surimi by use of chicken breast has practical implications for the development of new blended products for surimi processing. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Versatile and High‐Performance LiTaO3:Tb3+, Gd3+ Perovskite for Multimode Anti‐counterfeiting, Flexible X‐Ray Imaging, Continuous Stress Sensing, and Non‐Real‐Time Recording
Authors: Lyu Tianshuai , Dorenbos Pieter , Wei Zhanhua
Published: September 2023

Multimode luminescence relates to how charge carriers are transported and recombined in response to various physical excitations. It shows promising applications in many fields like advanced anti‐counterfeiting, information storage and encryption. Enabling a stable single compound with multimode luminescence is a unique technology but still remains a challenge. Herein, a versatile and high‐performance energy storage LiTaO3:0.01Tb3+,xGd3+ perovskite is discovered by utilizing the interplay of electron‐trapping defect levels and hole‐trapping Tb3+. It combines an excellent charge carrier storage capacity (≈7 and 12 times higher than state‐of‐the‐art BaFBr(I):Eu2+ and Al2O3:C), >1200 h storage duration, >40 h afterglow, efficient optically stimulated luminescence, persistent mechanoluminescence, and force‐induced charge carrier storage features. Particularly, it well responds to various stimuli channels, i.e., wide‐range X‐rays to 850 nm infrared photons, thermal activation, mechanical force grinding, or compression. To elucidate this multimode luminescence, charge carrier trapping and release processes in LiTaO3:0.01Tb3+,xGd3+ with various physical stimulations will be unraveled by combining the vacuum‐referred binding diagram construction, spectroscopy, thermoluminescence, and mechanoluminescence techniques. The versatile and high‐performance LiTaO3:0.01Tb3+,xGd3+ enables promising proof‐of‐concept multimode luminescence applications in advanced anti‐counterfeiting, flexible X‐ray imaging, continuous compression force sensing, and non‐real‐time recording.
High‐Impact PLA in Compatibilized PLA/PCL Blends: Optimization of Blend Composition and Type and Content of Compatibilizer
Authors: Fernández‐Tena Ainhoa , Otaegi Itziar , Irusta Lourdes , Sebastián Victor , Guerrica‐Echevarria Gonzalo , Müller Alejandro Jesus , Aranburu Nora
Published: September 2023

In this work, the effectiveness of seven commercial compatibilizers is tested in polylactide (PLA)/poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) blends with different compositions to obtain a high‐impact PLA. None of the compatibilizers is effective for 90/10 and 80/20 PLA/PCL compositions, as no improvement of the impact strength is observed. For the 70/30 composition, compatibilizers having glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) and acrylate groups in their structure are proved the most effective, as the morphological change towards co‐continuity induced by them leads to significant impact strength improvements (of ≈345% and 90% with respect to the neat PLA and the noncompatibilized PLA/PCL 70/30 blend, respectively). The 70/30 PLA/PCL composition, as it shows the best balance of properties, and the best compatibilizer (ElvaloyPTW) are chosen to carry out the optimization of the compatibilizer content. It is found that adding 6 phr to the blend results in highly toughened and ductile blends while maintaining a high modulus and yield strength values. Larger compatibilizer contents lead to even higher impact strength values, but the low‐strain mechanical properties are notably reduced. Thus, in this work, a simple and easily scalable method to produce high‐impact PLA is shown, as it implies the compounding of three commercially available components without involving any toxic solvents.
A feasibility study transplanting macrophages to a segmental nerve injury
Authors: Pan Deng , Schofield Jonathon Blake , Schellhardt Lauren , Snyder‐Warwick Alison K. , Mackinnon Susan E. , Li Xiaowei , Wood Matthew D.
Published: September 2023

Introduction/Aims

Promoting regeneration after segmental nerve injury repair is a challenge, but improving angiogenesis could be beneficial. Macrophages facilitate regeneration after injury by promoting angiogenesis. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the feasibility and effects of transplanting exogenous macrophages to a segmental nerve injury.

Methods

Bone marrow–derived cells were harvested from donor mice and differentiated to macrophages (BMDM), then suspended within fibrin hydrogels to facilitate BMDM transplantation. BMDM survival was characterized in vitro. The effect of this BMDM fibrin hydrogel construct at a nerve injury site was assessed using a mouse sciatic nerve gap injury. Mice were equally distributed to “fibrin+Mφ” (fibrin hydrogels containing culture medium and BMDM) or “fibrin” hydrogel control (fibrin hydrogels containing culture medium alone) groups. Flow cytometry (n = 3/group/endpoint) and immunohistochemical analysis (n = 5/group/endpoint) of the nerve gap region were performed at days 3, 5, and 7 after repair.

Results

Incorporating macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) improved BMDM survival and expansion. Transplanted BMDM survived for at least 7 days in a nerve gap (~40% retained at day 3 and ~15% retained at day 7). From transplantation, macrophage quantities within the nerve gap were elevated when comparing fibrin+Mφ with fibrin control (~25% vs. 3% at day 3 and ~14% vs. 6% at day 7). Endothelial cells increased by about fivefold within the nerve gap, and axonal extension into the nerve gap increased almost twofold for fibrin+Mφ compared with fibrin control.

Discussion

BMDM suspended within fibrin hydrogels at a nerve gap do not impair regeneration.
Preserving cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease: The Alzheimer's disease neuroprotection research initiative (ADNRI)
Authors: Liu Jie , van Beusekom Heleen , Bu Xian‐Le , Chen Gong , Henrique Rosado de Castro Paulo , Chen Xiaochun , Chen Xiaowei , Clarkson Andrew N. , Farr Tracy D. , Fu Yuhong , Jia Jianping , Jolkkonen Jukka , Kim Woojin Scott , Korhonen Paula , Li Shen , Liang Yajie , Liu Guang‐Hui , Liu Guiyou , Liu Yu‐Hui , Malm Tarja , Mao Xiaobo , Oliveira Joaquim Miguel , Modo Mike M. , Ramos‐Cabrer Pedro , Ruscher Karsten , Song Weihong , Wang Jun , Wang Xuanyue , Wang Yun , Wu Haitao , Xiong Lize , Yang Yi , Ye Keqiang , Yu Jin‐Tai , Zhou Xin‐Fu , Zille Marietta , Masters Colin L. , Walczak Piotr , Boltze Johannes , Ji Xunming , Wang Yan‐Jiang
Published: September 2023

The global trend toward aging populations has resulted in an increase in the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and associated socioeconomic burdens. Abnormal metabolism of amyloid‐β (Aβ) has been proposed as a significant pathomechanism in AD, supported by results of recent clinical trials using anti‐Aβ antibodies. Nonetheless, the cognitive benefits of the current treatments are limited. The etiology of AD is multifactorial, encompassing Aβ and tau accumulation, neuroinflammation, demyelination, vascular dysfunction, and comorbidities, which collectively lead to widespread neurodegeneration in the brain and cognitive impairment. Hence, solely removing Aβ from the brain may be insufficient to combat neurodegeneration and preserve cognition. To attain effective treatment for AD, it is necessary to (1) conduct extensive research on various mechanisms that cause neurodegeneration, including advances in neuroimaging techniques for earlier detection and a more precise characterization of molecular events at scales ranging from cellular to the full system level; (2) identify neuroprotective intervention targets against different neurodegeneration mechanisms; and (3) discover novel and optimal combinations of neuroprotective intervention strategies to maintain cognitive function in AD patients. The Alzheimer's Disease Neuroprotection Research Initiative's objective is to facilitate coordinated, multidisciplinary efforts to develop systemic neuroprotective strategies to combat AD. The aim is to achieve mitigation of the full spectrum of pathological processes underlying AD, with the goal of halting or even reversing cognitive decline.
Element‐based coupling modeling of peridynamics and classical continuum mechanics for dynamic brittle fracture
Authors: Yu Yuechuan , Han Fei , Li Zhibin , Sun Yunhou , Mei Yong , Zhang Ao
Published: September 2023

In this work, the hybrid peridynamic and classical continuum mechanical model based on the element‐type numerical discretization is used to study the dynamic fracture problem of brittle materials. The weak form of the motion equation for the hybrid model is derived by applying Hamilton's principle. An element‐based spatial discretization scheme is set up using the peridynamics‐based finite element method (PeriFEM) (Han and Li). The ‐convergence and m‐convergence of the hybrid model are analyzed to verify the numerical convergence and the mesh dependency. The influence of the area of the peridynamic model subdomain and the hybrid model subdomain on the calculation efficiency and accuracy is discussed. And the relationship between the crack propagation speed and the crack branching phenomenon is also investigated. Good agreements are obtained by comparing the crack path and the crack speed profile predicted by the hybrid model with those in the literature. Numerical results verify the ability and efficiency of the hybrid model for dynamic fracture problem.
Second Chance Pell sets the stage for rapid expansion of prison college programs
Authors: D’Orio Wayne
Published: September 2023

WASHINGTON, D.C. — Higher education is in need of some good news. The Supreme Court has struck down affirmative action in college admissions and nixed President Biden's expansive idea to cancel $400 billion of student debt. Polls constantly show the public's faith in the importance of higher education is sliding, and to top it off, an enrollment cliff is imminent.
Machine learning enhanced optimisation of crash box design for crashworthiness analysis
Authors: Borse Aditya , Gulakala Rutwik , Stoffel Marcus
Published: September 2023

The primary goal of the current study is to optimise crash box designs for automobiles. Machine learning (ML) techniques are used to build an intelligent and reliable ML framework. With the help of this framework, the crash box design can be optimised for crashworthiness analysis. The optimisation of the crash box design is resource‐intensive due to its intricate geometric design, use of a variety of materials, and extensive use of dynamic simulations to determine the ideal structural parameters through simulations. A reinforcement learning‐based (RL) optimization technique is developed for this reason. The crash box is built with nonlinear first‐order shear deformation shell elements to provide the necessary simulation data, and nonlinear elastoplastic material is used to model the dynamic impact process. The RL agents are tuned using finite element (FE) simulations and synthetic data generated by a generative adversarial network (GAN) to optimise and select the optimal model parameters for vehicle crashworthiness analysis. To estimate the correct model parameter required to fulfil specified crashworthiness metrics, the RL agent learns and optimises automatically. This method is effective in terms of resources and could be helpful in the early stages of vehicle development.
Modeling, simulation, and implementation of a superconducting magnetic bearing twisting system in a high‐speed ring spinning process
Authors: Perez‐Delgado Yves Jesus , Beitelschmidt Michael , Hossain Mahmud , Cherif Chokri , Abdkader Anwar , Baloochi Mostafa , Hühne Ruben
Published: September 2023

The implementation of a Superconducting Magnetic Bearing (SMB) system is a promising solution for the problem of friction exhibited in the twisting elements of the conventional ring‐spinning process. This research focuses on the development of a dynamical model with six degrees of freedom of the Permanent Magnet (PM) ring used in an SMB system for a high‐speed ring spinning process. The modeling takes into account the magnetic forces and torques that enable the magnetic levitation of the PM ring. Experimental tests allow the identification of unknown parameters of the model and the validation is done through simulations.
Effect of nano‐silica on fatigue behavior of glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite laminates: A Weibull distribution approach
Authors: Gupta Akash , Singh Manjeet , Saini J. S.
Published: September 2023

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of nano‐silica in glass fiber‐reinforced epoxy composite (GFEC) subjected to static and fatigue loading. Laminates were prepared in compression molding machine followed by the tensile test and tension‐tension fatigue testing at five different stress levels (from 50% to 90% of ultimate tensile strength). The addition of 3 wt% of nano‐silica with epoxy improved the tensile and fatigue strength as compared to neat GFEC. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the fractured specimen showed the damage pattern which indicates that neat GFEC laminate exhibited damage patterns characterized by fiber breakage and matrix cracking. On the other hand, the modified GFEC with nano‐silica showed damage patterns including fiber pullout accompanied by fiber breakage and matrix cracking. During cyclic loading, the stress–strain hysteresis loop shows a reduced slope, indicating a decrease in the dynamic modulus of the specimen. This reduction in slope signifies a loss of stiffness during cyclic loading, particularly at high‐stress levels. The highest dynamic modulus at high‐stress levels indicates a rapid progression of severe damage and a shorter fatigue life. On the other hand, at low‐stress levels, the lower magnitude of dynamic modulus suggests a moderate damage progression and a longer fatigue life.

Highlights

Effect of nano‐silica in GFEC under static and fatigue loading conditions.

GFEC with 3 wt% of nano‐silica shows improved tensile and fatigue strength.

Examination of damage patterns through SEM analysis of the fractured surface.

Depiction of the failure modes using damage pattern under fatigue loading.

Comparison of fatigue life and dynamic modulus for neat and modified GFEC.
Recent advances in structural design of conductive polymer composites for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Zheng Shufang , Wang Yuyin , Zhu Yifan , Zheng Chenxiao
Published: September 2023

The proliferation of electronic devices and wireless communication in our daily lives has led to a significant increase in electromagnetic pollution. This issue poses a serious threat to the proper functioning of electronic equipment as well as human health. Therefore, the investigation of materials with superior electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding capabilities has garnered growing interest. In this paper, the mechanisms of EMI shielding were first introduced briefly. It was noted that the development of advanced EMI shielding materials involved adhering to principles such as minimizing reflection loss, enhancing absorption loss, and incorporating multiple internal reflections. The construction and shielding properties of traditional EMI shielding materials were introduced. Unlike metal materials with high densities and reflection loss, lightweight conductive polymer composites (CPCs) have been the most promising EMI shielding materials. Meanwhile, carbon‐based nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets, along with two‐dimensional transition metal carbonitrides MXenes Ti3C2Tx, have emerged as the most promising and versatile conductive nanofillers for CPCs. The EMI shielding performance and loss mechanism of CPCs with homogeneous structure, segregated structure, laminated structure, and porous structure were introduced in detail. It was noted that the EMI shielding performance could be significantly improved by incorporating multiple structures into the same CPCs, such as a rational combination of segregated and porous structures. Finally, the challenges and development trends of CPCs for EMI shielding applications were discussed.

Highlights

Mechanisms of EMI shielding were introduced from aspect of energy dissipation.

Structure–property of traditional EMI shielding materials was described.

EMI shielding performance of CPCs with different structures was summarized.

Future challenges and growing trends of CPCs for EMI shielding were discussed.

Absorption‐dominated loss and multiple structure design were emphasized.
Influence of stacking sequence and halloysite addition on the fracture toughness and low‐velocity impact strength of carbon/glass fiber reinforced hybrid composites
Authors: Nagaraja K. C. , Rajeshkumar G. , Sanjay M. R. , Siengchin Suchart
Published: September 2023

The objective of this study is to produce bidirectional woven carbon/glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composites and to assess their fracture toughness (FT) and low‐velocity impact strength. The composites were produced for the study by changing the stacking order of fiber layers using a vacuum assisted resin infusion process. In addition, the consequence of halloysite nano‐clay addition on the above properties were explored. The outcomes disclosed that the arrangement of fiber layer notably influences the FT and low‐velocity impact strength of the composites. Particularly, the addition of more carbon fiber layers played a key role in enhancing the FT of hybrid composites, while a reverse trend was observed for low‐velocity impact strength of composites due to the elastic nature of glass fibers, which absorbs more energy through global deformation. Additionally, the incorporation of halloysites enhanced the FT and impact strength of hybrid composites due to increased interfacial adhesion between composite elements. In addition, morphological analysis was conducted to evaluate the damage morphologies and failure mechanisms of tested laminates, which offers crucial information for the structural design of these laminates as well as for the enhancement of their performance.

Highlights

Fracture toughness and impact strength of hybrid composites were investigated.

Arranging carbon fibers on the extreme layers enhanced the fracture toughness.

Glass fiber used in hybrid composite supports to increase their impact strength.

Addition of halloysite improved the overall performance of hybrid composites.