bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network Coding-Aware Compressive Data Gathering for Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Ebrahimi Dariush , Assi Chadi
Published: November 2015

This article investigates the joint application of compressive sensing (CS) and network coding (NC) to the problem of energy-efficient data gathering in wireless sensor networks. We consider the problem of optimally constructing forwarding trees to carry compressed data to projection nodes. Each compressed dataset refers to a weighted aggregation (or sum) of sensed measurements from network sensors collected at one projection node. Projection nodes then forward their received compressed data to the sink, which subsequently recovers the original measurements. This aggregation technique, based on CS, is shown to reduce significantly the number of transmissions in the network. We observe that the presence of multiple forwarding trees gives rise to many-to-many communication patterns in sensor networks that, in turn, can be exploited to perform NC on the compressed data being forwarded on these trees. Such a technique will further reduce the number of transmissions required to gather the measurements, resulting in a better network-wide energy efficiency. This article addresses the problem of NC--aware construction of forwarding/aggregation trees. We present a mathematical model to optimally construct such forwarding trees, which encourage NC operations on the compressed data. Owing to its complexity, we further develop algorithmic methods (both centralized and distributed) for solving the problem and analyze their complexities. We show that our algorithmic methods are scalable and accurate, with worst-case optimality gap not exceeding 3.96% in the studied scenarios. We also show that, when bothNC and compressive data gathering are considered jointly, performance gains (reduction in number of transmissions) of up to 30% may be attained. Finally, we show that the proposed methods distribute the workload of data gathering throughout the network nodes uniformly, resulting in extended network life times.
Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Evaluation of Mental Foramen Variations: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Sheikhi Mahnaz , Karbasi Kheir Mitra , Hekmatian Ehsan
Published: November 2015

Background. Mental foramen is important in surgical operations of premolars because it transfers the mental nerves and vessels. This study evaluated the variations of mental foramen by cone-beam computed tomography among a selected Iranian population.Materials and Methods. A total number of 180 cone-beam computed tomography projections were analyzed in terms of shape, size, direction, and horizontal and vertical positions of mental foramen in the right and left sides.Results. The most common shape was oval, opening direction was posterior-superior, horizontal position was in line with second premolar, and vertical position was apical to the adjacent dental root. The mean of foremen diameter was 3.59 mm.Conclusion. In addition to the most common types of mental foramen, other variations exist, too. Hence, it reflects the significance of preoperative radiographic examinations, especially 3-dimensional images to prevent nerve damage.
Detecting Phantom Data Usage on Smartphones with Analysis of Contextual Information
Authors: Jiang Shiqi , Zhou Pengfei , Li Mo
Published: November 2015

With the wide development of smartphones, mobile data usage has enjoyed rapid growth in recent years. Unfortunately many users are plagued with Phantom Data Usage (PDU), which refers to the unexpected mobile data usage that does not accord with user perception. We investigate about 400 real PDU issues and find the causes of PDU are not only the exceptions of applications, for example, software bugs or malware, but also the user's personalized misuse. Based on the observations that each user preserves specific data usage patterns under particular environmental context, we present PDS, a PDU detection system, which automatically detects whether the current data usage is consumed as expected. Results from our evaluation experiments show that 72% of PDU cases detected by PDS are confirmed by users.
Effects of Lutein and Zeaxanthin on LPS-Induced Secretion of IL-8 by Uveal Melanocytes and Relevant Signal Pathways
Authors: Chao Shih-Chun , Vagaggini Tommaso , Nien Chan-Wei , Huang Sheng-Chieh , Lin Hung-Yu
Published: November 2015

The effects of lutein and zeaxanthin on lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced secretion of IL-8 by uveal melanocytes (UM) were tested in cultured human UM. MTT assay revealed that LPS (0.01–1 μg/mL) and lutein and zeaxanthin (1–10 μM) did not influence the cell viability of cultured UM. LPS caused a dose-dependent increase of secretion of IL-8 by cultured UM. Lutein and zeaxanthin did not affect the constitutive secretion of IL-8. However, lutein and zeaxanthin decreased LPS-induced secretion of IL-8 in cultured UM in a dose-dependent manner. LPS significantly increased NF-κB levels in cell nuclear extracts and p-JNK levels in the cell lysates from UM, but not p-p38 MAPK and p-ERG. Lutein or zeaxanthin significantly reduced LPS-induced increase of NF-κB and p-JNK levels, but not p38 MAPK and ERG levels. The present study demonstrated that lutein and zeaxanthin inhibited LPS-induced secretion of IL-8 in cultured UM via JNK and NF-κB signal pathways. The anti-inflammatory effects of lutein and zeaxanthin might be explored as a therapeutic approach in the management of uveitis and other inflammatory diseases of the eye.
The Role and Mechanism ofα-Klotho in the Calcification of Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Chen Tianlei , Mao Huijuan , Chen Cheng , Wu Lin , Wang Ningning , Zhao Xiufen , Qian Jun , Xing Changying
Published: November 2015

Objective. To investigate the role and possible mechanism ofα-Klotho in the calcification and the osteogenic transition of cultured VSMCs.Methods. VSMCs were culturedin vitroand divided into 5 groups, each using a different medium: (1) control; (2)β-GP; (3)β-GP + Klotho; (4)β-GP + LiCl; (5)β-GP + Klotho + LiCl. Calcium deposits were visualized using Alizarin Red S staining. The calcium concentrations were determined by the o-cresolphthalein complexone method. BMP2, Runx2 andβ-catenin levels were estimated by western blotting, and the level ofα-SMA was determined by using immunofluorescence at day 12.Results.β-GP induced an increase in the expression of BMP2, Runx2, andβ-catenin. The calcium content increased, and the expression ofα-SMA decreased. Alizarin Red S staining was positive under the high phosphorus conditions. BMP2, Runx2, andβ-catenin levels and the calcium content decreased when the cells were cultured with rmKlotho; however, the levels of each were upregulated after treatment with the LiCl.Conclusions. Klotho can ameliorate the calcification and osteogenic transition of VSMCs induced byβ-GP. The mechanism of Klotho in preventing calcification in VSMCs may be partially mediated by the inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
A Modified Method to Calculate Critical Coagulation Concentration Based on DLVO Theory
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Zhao Liang , Li Yanan , Chu Mo
Published: November 2015

The critical coagulation concentration (CCC) is defined as the minimum concentration of counterions to induce coagulation of colloidal particles. A modified calculation method was proposed to calculate CCC. Comparing the modified calculation method of CCC with the traditional calculation method, the critical condition of modified calculation method is stricter than traditional calculation method. The critical condition of modified calculation method is the maximum value of interaction force that is zero, and the critical condition of traditional calculation method is the maximum value of interaction energy that is zero. The calculation result of CCC based on interaction force is greater than the calculation value based on interaction energy. The CCC value of modified calculation method can ensure particles to coagulate definitely.
Thermodynamic Modeling of Surface Tension of Aqueous Electrolyte Solution by Competitive Adsorption Model
Authors: Kamali Mohamad Javad , Kamali Zakarya , Vatankhah Gholamhossein
Published: November 2015

Thermodynamic modeling of surface tension of different electrolyte systems in presence of gas phase is studied. Using the solid-liquid equilibrium, Langmuir gas-solid adsorption, and ENRTL activity coefficient model, the surface tension of electrolyte solutions is calculated. The new model has two adjustable parameters which could be determined by fitting the experimental surface tension of binary aqueous electrolyte solution in single temperature. Then the values of surface tension for other temperatures in binary and ternary system of aqueous electrolyte solution are predicted. The average absolute deviations for calculation of surface tension of binary and mixed electrolyte systems by new model are 1.98 and 1.70%, respectively.
Electronic and Magnetic Properties of Rare‐Earth Metals Doped ZnO Monolayer
Authors: Tan Changlong , Xu Dianshuang , Zhang Kun , Tian Xiaohua , Cai Wei
Published: November 2015

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of rare‐earth metals doped ZnO monolayer have been investigated using the first‐principles calculations. The induced spin polarization is confirmed for Ce, Eu, Gd, and Dy dopings while the induced spin polarization is negligible for Y doping. The localized
f states of rare‐earth atoms respond to the introduction of a magnetic moment. ZnO monolayer undergoes transition from semiconductor to metal in the presence of Y, Ce, Gd, and Dy doping. More interestingly, Eu doped ZnO monolayer exhibits half‐metallic behavior. Our result demonstrates that the RE‐doping is an efficient route to modify the magnetic and electronic properties in ZnO monolayer.
Model and Algorithm of BP Neural Network Based on Expanded Multichain Quantum Optimization
Authors: Xu Baoyu , Zhang Hongjun , Wang Zhiteng , Wang Huaixiao , Zhang Youliang
Published: November 2015

The model and algorithm of BP neural network optimized by expanded multichain quantum optimization algorithm with super parallel and ultra-high speed are proposed based on the analysis of the research status quo and defects of BP neural network to overcome the defects of overfitting, the random initial weights, and the oscillation of the fitting and generalization ability along with subtle changes of the network parameters. The method optimizes the structure of the neural network effectively and can overcome a series of problems existing in the BP neural network optimized by basic genetic algorithm such as slow convergence speed, premature convergence, and bad computational stability. The performance of the BP neural network controller is further improved. The simulation experimental results show that the model is with good stability, high precision of the extracted parameters, and good real-time performance and adaptability in the actual parameter extraction.
A Subspace Iteration Algorithm for Fredholm Valued Functions
Authors: Engström Christian , Grubišić Luka
Published: November 2015

We present an algorithm for approximating an eigensubspace of a spectral component of an analytic Fredholm valued function. Our approach is based on numerical contour integration and the analytic Fredholm theorem. The presented method can be seen as a variant of the FEAST algorithm for infinite dimensional nonlinear eigenvalue problems. Numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the algorithm for polynomial and rational eigenvalue problems.
Dengue Virus‐Induced Inflammation of the Endothelium and the Potential Roles of Sphingosine Kinase‐1 and MicroRNAs
Authors: Aloia Amanda L. , Abraham Alexander M. , Bonder Claudine S. , Pitson Stuart M. , Carr Jillian M.
Published: November 2015

One of the main pathogenic effects of severe dengue virus (DENV) infection is a vascular leak syndrome. There are no available antivirals or specific DENV treatments and without hospital support severe DENV infection can be life‐threatening. The cause of the vascular leakage is permeability changes in the endothelial cells lining the vasculature that are brought about by elevated vasoactive cytokine and chemokines induced following DENV infection. The source of these altered cytokine and chemokines is traditionally believed to be from DENV‐infected cells such as monocyte/macrophages and dendritic cells. Herein we discuss the evidence for the endothelium as an additional contributor to inflammatory and innate responses during DENV infection which may affect endothelial cell function, in particular the ability to maintain vascular integrity. Furthermore, we hypothesise roles for two factors, sphingosine kinase‐1 and microRNAs (miRNAs), with a focus on several candidate miRNAs, which are known to control normal vascular function and inflammatory responses. Both of these factors may be potential therapeutic targets to regulate inflammation of the endothelium during DENV infection.
The Routing Algorithm Based on Fuzzy Logic Applied to the Individual Physiological Monitoring Wearable Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Jiang Jie , Liu Yun , Song Fuxing , Du Ronghao , Huang Mengsen
Published: November 2015

In recent years, the research of individual wearable physiological monitoring wireless sensor network is in the primary stage. The monitor of physiology and geographical position used in wearable wireless sensor network requires performances such as real time, reliability, and energy balance. According to these requirements, this paper introduces a design of individual wearable wireless sensor network monitoring system; what is more important, based on this background, this paper improves the classical Collection Tree Protocol and puts forward the improved routing protocol F-CTP based on the fuzzy logic routing algorithm. Simulation results illustrate that, with the F-CTP protocol, the sensor node can transmit data to the sink node in real time with higher reliability and the energy of the nodes consumes balance. The sensor node can make full use of network resources reasonably and prolong the network life.
Dual Effect of Ziconotide in Primary Erythromelalgia
Authors: Russo Rosario , Caroleo Maria Cristina , Cione Erika , Perri Mariarita , Paparo Maria Teresa , Russo Antonio
Published: November 2015

Erythromelalgia (EM) is a rare disabling clinical syndrome more commonly known to affect the lower extremities. There is no single effective treatment for this disease that often requires a multidisciplinary approach. Herein, we report the case of a 31-year-old woman affected by primary erythromelalgia who was successfully treated with intrathecal Ziconotide. We also observed an unexpected result following therapy with Ziconotide. The legs and feet of the patient that at the time of admission were swollen and tumefied dramatically improved after one week of the drug administration.
A Tetrameric Peptide Derived from Bovine Lactoferricin Exhibits Specific Cytotoxic Effects against Oral Squamous-Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Solarte Víctor A. , Rosas Jaiver E. , Rivera Zuly J. , Arango-Rodríguez Martha L. , García Javier E. , Vernot Jean-Paul
Published: November 2015

Several short linear peptides derived from cyclic bovine lactoferricin were synthesized and tested for their cytotoxic effect against the oral cavity squamous-cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines CAL27 and SCC15. As a control, an immortalized and nontumorigenic cell line, Het-1A, was used. Linear peptides based on the RRWQWR core sequence showed a moderate cytotoxic effect and specificity towards tumorigenic cells. A tetrameric peptide, LfcinB(20–25)4, containing the RRWQWR motif, exhibited greater cytotoxic activity (>90%) in both OSCC cell lines compared to the linear lactoferricin peptide or the lactoferrin protein. Additionally, this tetrameric peptide showed the highest specificity towards tumorigenic cells among the tested peptides. Interestingly, this effect was very fast, with cell shrinkage, severe damage to cell membrane permeability, and lysis within one hour of treatment. Our results are consistent with a necrotic effect rather than an apoptotic one and suggest that this tetrameric peptide could be considered as a new candidate for the therapeutic treatment of OSCC.
Efficacy of Adalimumab in a Girl with Refractory Intestinal Behcet’s Disease
Authors: Kaji Mariko , Kishi Takayuki , Miyamae Takako , Nagata Satoru , Yamanaka Hisashi , Fujikawa Satoshi
Published: November 2015

We describe our experience with a juvenile patient who had refractory intestinal Behcet’s disease that responded to adalimumab, a fully humanized antibody against soluble TNF-αand its receptor. The patient, a 13-year-old girl, presented with oral aphthous ulcers, vulvar pain, and rashes on the lower extremities. She gradually developed a low-grade fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and hematochezia. Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy revealed ulcers in the terminal ileum, consistent with intestinal Behcet’s disease. Methylprednisolone pulse therapy was initiated, after which the symptoms transiently improved, but, during the corticosteroid taper, the abdominal pain recurred. The symptoms resolved soon after the administration of adalimumab. Of importance, the dose of corticosteroids was successfully reduced without exacerbation during 8 months of observation. This is the first reported case in which adalimumab was used for pediatric gastrointestinal Behcet’s disease. Adalimumab is a good choice for intestinal Behcet’s disease refractory to conventional treatment.
Mathematical Properties of the Hyperbolicity of Circulant Networks
Authors: Hernández Juan C. , Rodríguez José M. , Sigarreta José M.
Published: November 2015

IfXis a geodesic metric space andx1,x2,x3∈X, ageodesic triangle  T={x1,x2,x3}is the union of the three geodesics[x1x2],[x2x3], and[x3x1]inX. The spaceXisδ-hyperbolic(in the Gromov sense) if any side ofTis contained in aδ-neighborhood of the union of the two other sides, for every geodesic triangleTinX. The study of the hyperbolicity constant in networks is usually a very difficult task; therefore, it is interesting to find bounds for particular classes of graphs. A network is circulant if it has a cyclic group of automorphisms that includes an automorphism taking any vertex to any other vertex. In this paper we obtain several sharp inequalities for the hyperbolicity constant of circulant networks; in some cases we characterize the graphs for which the equality is attained.
Comparative Immunogenicity in Rabbits of the Polypeptides Encoded by the 5′ Terminus of Hepatitis C Virus RNA
Authors: Sominskaya Irina , Jansons Juris , Dovbenko Anastasija , Petrakova Natalia , Lieknina Ilva , Mihailova Marija , Latyshev Oleg , Eliseeva Olesja , Stahovska Irina , Akopjana Inara , Petrovskis Ivars , Isaguliants Maria
Published: November 2015

Recent studies on the primate protection from HCV infection stressed the importance of immune response against structural viral proteins. Strong immune response against nucleocapsid (core) protein was difficult to achieve, requesting further experimentation in large animals. Here, we analyzed the immunogenicity of core aa 1–173, 1–152, and 147–191 and of its main alternative reading frame product F-protein in rabbits. Core aa 147–191 was synthesized; other polypeptides were obtained by expression inE. coli. Rabbits were immunized by polypeptide primes followed by multiple boosts and screened for specific anti-protein and anti-peptide antibodies. Antibody titers to core aa 147–191 reached 105; core aa 1–152, 5 × 105; core aa 1–173 and F-protein, 106. Strong immunogenicity of the last two proteins indicated that they may compete for the induction of immune response. The C-terminally truncated core was also weakly immunogenic on the T-cell level. To enhance core-specific cellular response, we immunized rabbits with the core aa 1–152 gene forbidding F-protein formation. Repeated DNA immunization induced a weak antibody and sustained proliferative response of broad specificity confirming a gain of cellular immunogenicity. Epitopes recognized in rabbits overlapped those in HCV infection. Our data promotes the use of rabbits for the immunogenicity tests of prototype HCV vaccines.
Experiment Research on Bonding Effect of Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Device by Surface Treatment Method
Authors: Wang Xiaopeng , Lian Kun , Chen Tianning
Published: November 2015

According to the low temperature and high effective bonding problem of microdevices made of degradable polymer PLGA, chemical, plasma, and UV irradiation method are used to study the experimental surface treatment of PLGA films and microdevices bonding process. The results show that all three methods can reduce the surface contact angle of PLGA films, the contact angle increases with time at room temperature, and the PLGA films contact angle is almost unchanged under refrigeration. The PLGA film bonding temperature is significantly reduced after UV irradiation, and the bonding interfaces also generate diffusion cross linking layer are dense and uniform.
Development and Initial Psychometric Evaluation of the Post-Acute Acuity Rating for Children
Authors: O’Brien Jane E. , Dumas Helene M.
Published: November 2015

The Post-Acute Acuity Rating for Children (PAARC) is the first known acuity rating intended to reflect medical severity based on age, reason for admission, diagnoses, dependence in activities of daily living, and technology reliance for children admitted to post-acute care rehabilitation hospitals. Content validity was tested using an expert panel scoring the Content Validity Index (CVI). Concurrent validity was examined using clinician’s opinion of acuity at admission, the Complexity Index, and All Patient Refined Diagnosis Related Group (APR-DRG) codes. Predictive validity was examined with acute care readmission within 30 days. Interrater reliability was assessed using admission histories from closed cases. Content validity was established and concurrent validity was moderate to high with clinician opinion (rho = .76,p<.001), the Complexity Index (rho = .76,p<.001), and APR-DRGs (rho = .349,p=.001). Predictive validity was moderate (rho = .504,p=.005) and returns to acute care within 30 days. Interrater reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.97; 95% CI = 0.92–0.90,p<.001). Experts agreed that the PAARC’s content is relevant, simple, and representative of the population. The PAARC measured well against indicators of medical complexity for pediatric outpatient care and medical record coding and was reliable between raters. This work supports proceeding with additional development and validity testing of the PAARC.
NUP160–SLC43A3 Is a Novel Recurrent Fusion Oncogene in Angiosarcoma
Authors: Shimozono Naoki , Jinnin Masatoshi , Masuzawa Mamiko , Masuzawa Mikio , Wang Zhongzhi , Hirano Ayaka , Tomizawa Yukiko , Etoh-Kira Tomomi , Kajihara Ikko , Harada Miho , Fukushima Satoshi , Ihn Hironobu
Published: November 2015

Angiosarcoma is a malignant vascular tumor originating from endothelial cells of blood vessels or lymphatic vessels. The specific driver mutations in angiosarcoma remain unknown. In this study, we investigated this issue by transcriptome sequencing of patient-derived angiosarcoma cells (ISO-HAS), identifying a novel fusion gene NUP160–SLC43A3 found to be expressed in 9 of 25 human angiosarcoma specimens that were examined. In tumors harboring the fusion gene, the duration between the onset of symptoms and the first hospital visit was significantly shorter, suggesting more rapid tumor progression. Stable expression of the fusion gene in nontransformed human dermal microvascular endothelial cells elicited a gene-expression pattern mimicking ISO-HAS cells and increased cell proliferation, an effect traced in part to NUP160 truncation. Conversely, RNAi-mediated attenuation of NUP160 in ISO-HAS cells decreased cell number. Confirming the oncogenic effects of the fusion protein, subcutaneous implantation of NUP160–SLC43A3-expressing fibroblasts induced tumors resembling human angiosarcoma. Collectively, our findings advance knowledge concerning the genetic causes of angiosarcoma, with potential implications for new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Cancer Res; 75(21); 4458–65. ©2015 AACR.
All the World's a Stage: Facilitating Discovery Science and Improved Cancer Care through the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health
Authors: Lawler Mark , Siu Lillian L. , Rehm Heidi L. , Chanock Stephen J. , Alterovitz Gil , Burn John , Calvo Fabien , Lacombe Denis , Teh Bin Tean , North Kathryn N. , Sawyers Charles L.
Published: November 2015

Summary: The recent explosion of genetic and clinical data generated from tumor genome analysis presents an unparalleled opportunity to enhance our understanding of cancer, but this opportunity is compromised by the reluctance of many in the scientific community to share datasets and the lack of interoperability between different data platforms. The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health is addressing these barriers and challenges through a cooperative framework that encourages “team science” and responsible data sharing, complemented by the development of a series of application program interfaces that link different data platforms, thus breaking down traditional silos and liberating the data to enable new discoveries and ultimately benefit patients. Cancer Discov; 5(11); 1133–6. ©2015 AACR.
Methods in Neuroepidemiology Characterization of European Longitudinal Cohort Studies in Parkinson's Disease - Report of the JPND Working Group BioLoC-PD
Authors: Lerche Stefanie , Liepelt-Scarfone Inga , Alves Guido , Barone Paolo , Behnke Stefanie , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Berendse Henk , Burn David , Dodel Richard , Grosset Donald , Heinzel Sebastian , Hu Michele , Kasten Meike , Krüger Rejko , Maetzler Walter , Moccia Marcello , Mollenhauer Brit , Oertel Wolfgang , Roeben Benjamin , Sünkel Ulrike , Walter Uwe , Wirdefeldt Karin , Berg Daniela
Published: November 2015

Background: Enormous effort is being put into the identification and characterization of symptoms that may be used as predictive and progression markers in Parkinson's disease (PD). An impressive number of PD patients and individuals at risk for or in the prodromal stage of PD are currently followed in longitudinal studies; however, there does not exist an overview on the kind of markers evaluated and the assessments used. Methods: Information on the design, sample size, evaluated markers and assessments of 21 studies of the Joint Programme - Neurodegenerative Disease Research BioLoC-PD working group were collected by questionnaire. The studies were classified into at risk/prodromal or clinical PD cohorts. The assessments were grouped into quantitative assessments, investigator-rated assessments, investigator interviews, patient-rated questionnaires and caregiver-rated questionnaires. Results: Compilation of these data revealed an interesting consensus on evaluated markers, but there was an enormous variability of assessments. Furthermore, there is a remarkable similarity in the markers assessed and evaluation methods applied in the risk/prodromal and clinical PD cohorts. Conclusions: The inventory of the longitudinal cohorts that are part of the BioLoC-PD consortium reveals that there is a growing consensus on the markers that should be assessed in longitudinal cohort studies in PD. However, controversy still exists on the specific type of assessment. To allow comparison of data and common analyses it will be essential to harmonize scales and assessment outcomes.
In vitro Diagnosis of Immediate Drug Hypersensitivity: Should We Go with the Flow?
Authors: Mangodt Evelyne A. , Van Gasse Athina L. , Decuyper Ine , Uyttebroek Astrid , Faber Margaretha A. , Sabato Vito , Bridts Chris H. , Hagendorens Margo M. , Ebo Didier G.
Published: November 2015

Background: Diagnosis of immediate drug hypersensitivity reactions (IDHRs) is based upon history taking, skin prick or intradermal tests and quantification of specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. Unfortunately, this is often insufficient to correctly identify patients with IgE-mediated IDHRs and is impossible in the case of non-IgE-mediated IDHRs. Drug provocation tests (DPT) are considered the ‘gold standard' diagnostic but are not always possible, for ethical and practical reasons. Therefore, the validation of new cellular tests such as basophil activation testing (BAT) was necessary. This review focuses on the applications of BAT in IDHRs. Methods: A literature search was conducted, using the words basophil, flow cytometry, immediate drug allergy and drugs; this was complemented by the authors' own expertise. Results: BAT/HistaFlow® is a useful diagnostic tool in IDHRs, mainly used to diagnose allergy to neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs), antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and iodinated radiocontrast media. Its sensitivity varies between 50 and 60%, and specificity attains 80%, except for with quinolones and NSAIDs. Conclusions: The diagnostic utility of BAT (and to lesser extent HistaFlow) has been demonstrated and is mostly applied in IDHRs. However, larger-scale collaborative studies are necessary to optimize test protocols and validate the entry of BAT as a diagnostic instrument in drug allergy.
An Aggregate of Four Anthrax Cases during the Dry Summer of 2011 in Epirus, Greece
Authors: Gaitanis Georgios , Lolis Christos J. , Tsartsarakis Antonios , Kalogeropoulos Chris , Leveidiotou-Stefanou Stamatina , Bartzokas Aristidis , Bassukas Ioannis D.
Published: November 2015

Background: Human anthrax is currently a sporadic disease in Europe, without significant regional clustering. Objective: To report an unexpected aggregate of anthrax cases and correlate local climatic factors with yearly anthrax admissions. Methods: Clinical description of a geographical-temporal anthrax aggregate, correlation of disease admissions with local weather data in the period 2001-2014 and literature reports of anthrax clusters from Europe in the last 20 years. Results: We identified 5 cases, all cutaneous: an unexpected aggregate of 4 cases in mid-summer 2011 (including a probable human-to-human transmission) and a sporadic case in August 2005, all in relatively dry periods (p < 0.05). Remarkably, 3/6 reports of human anthrax aggregates from Europe were observed in Balkan Peninsula countries in the year 2011. Conclusion: In the light of the predicted climatic change, unexpected anthrax aggregates during dry periods in southern Europe underscore the risk of future anthrax re-emergence on this continent.
Pediatric Intraparenchymal Meningioma: Case Report and Comparative Review
Authors: Larrew Thomas , Eskandari Ramin
Published: November 2015

Intra-axial (intraparenchymal) meningiomas are an extremely rare pathology with only dozens of cases reported. In children, the unusual characteristics of intraparenchymal meningiomas can easily create an atypical preoperative differential. The authors present the case of an otherwise healthy 14-year-old girl presenting with new-onset seizures and an intracranial lesion upon investigation. CT and MRI revealed a lesion both cystic and calcified in nature, residing completely within the brain parenchyma. Upon operative examination, the mass was found to be completely surrounded by cortex and to be of two disparate consistencies. Pathological analysis revealed the mass to be a meningioma. Despite the rarity in children, meningiomas must be kept on the differential for cystic, calcified lesions. The differential diagnosis based on imaging as well as the operative strategy taken are further discussed. In addition, the authors review the current understanding of pediatric meningiomas as compared with adult meningiomas.
Predictors and Outcomes of Post-Hospitalization Dialysis Dependent Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Gautam Samir C. , Brooks Charles H. , Balogun Rasheed A. , Xin Wenjun , Ma Jennie Z. , Abdel-Rahman Emaad M.
Published: November 2015

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication of hospitalized patients and is associated with poor outcomes. Hospitalized patients with AKI may need prolonged dialysis, necessitating post-hospitalization dialysis (PHD-AKI). Scarce information is available to stratify the risks and predict outcomes. This study aims to assess outcomes and identify predictors of outcomes of PHD-AKI within 90 days. Methods: All adult AKI patients initiating hemodialysis (HD) at the University of Virginia (UVA) between June 1, 2012, and September 30, 2013 were retrospectively studied. PHD-AKI patients continued treatment at a specifically designated unit. They were followed until an outcome (end-stage renal disease [ESRD], death or dialysis-independence) was achieved. Results: During the study period, 108 patients required outpatient dialysis out of 365 AKI patients initiating in-patient HD at UVA. An additional 11 patients who developed dialysis-requiring AKI at referring hospitals but underwent HD at our unit were included for a total of 119 patients studied. ESRD was declared in 48.7%, while 9.2% expired and 42.0% achieved dialysis independence. Congestive heart failure, baseline renal function and a prior episode of AKI within the preceding 6 months were statistically significant predictors of renal outcomes. Conclusion: Dialysis independence of PHD-AKI patients is not uncommon. Certain clinical parameters may help predict renal outcome. Identifying predictors of renal recovery will guide further interventions, especially with the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services soon to allow AKI patients to be dialyzed at outpatient ESRD facilities. Ongoing biomarkers research may add further knowledge for optimum diagnosis and prognosis of AKI.
Closing the Gaps—Some Notes on the Making of Perspectives
Authors: Jensen Jeppe Sinding
Published: November 2015

This special issue revolves around two main problems that need disentangling: the emic–etic debate and the insider–outsider problem. As the appointed discussant to the workshop in which this issue’s papers were first presented, I noted the emergence of some related and recurring problems on which I further elaborate in this article. These problems can be summed up as differences in methods and theories in various disciplines that create “gaps” between their results. Moreover, there are problems concerning matters of scale, type–token relations, questions about the relations between the public and private character of religion, the seemingly inevitable ambiguities of relativism and, finally, the various modes of discourse on religion\s.
“The Very Act of Cutting”
Authors: Mostowlansky Till
Published: November 2015

In the course of the emic–etic debate in the scientific study of religion\s, two complexes—insider–outsider and emic–etic—have increasingly become entangled. Taken against this backdrop, this article argues that ethnomethodology provides a methodological and epistemological outlook on these two complexes that can support efforts to disentangle them. Based on the discussion of ethnomethodological studies, I trace this outlook back to ethnomethodology’s focus on observable social interaction as dynamic, situational, and directed toward the public. This focus rejects the preoccupation with what is going on “inside people’s heads,” and thus underlines the methodological and epistemological redundancy of the insider–outsider distinction. Finally, I maintain that ethnomethodology and the majority of strands within the scientific study of religion\s are jointly rooted in an emic standpoint that concentrates on the study of specific contexts and interactions, and seeks to avoid generalizeda prioriclassifications.
Invisible Fences
Authors: Rohrbacher Angelika
Published: November 2015

On a superficial level, the differentiation between “Jews” and “non-Jews” functions as one of the best-known lines of demarcation in the representation of Jewish culture and religion. It draws on a hermeneutical boundary between “insiders” and “outsiders” with regard to the understanding of specific “Jewish experiences.” In this article, I add that this division, often supported by theologians and scholars in the scientific study of religion\s, influences the organizational structure of academic institutions as well, bestowing more “authenticity” on the research of Jewish scholars than on that of non-Jewish scholars. I furthermore assert that, from a methodological point of view, this form of insider–outsider distinction can be seen as part of the discourse on first-order essentialism in Jewish Studies, which includes significant regional differences. Whereas many European scholars are oriented toward mono-cultural images of Jewish religions, scholars from the United States are often eager to explore the plurality of the increasingly diverse religious field. In Israel the insider–outsider distinction occurs on quite a different level, since more and more Israeli scholars criticize ethnicized patterns in Jewish studies.
Verbal Predicate Fronting in Modern Hebrew and Yiddish
Authors: Bleaman Isaac L
Published: November 2015

This article discusses the development of verbal predicate fronting (“predicate cleft”) in Modern Hebrew by comparing its properties with those of analogous constructions in Classical Hebrew and Yiddish, a critical contact language. The evidence, largely syntactic, lends support for contact-induced change as a plausible source of verbal predicate fronting in the contemporary spoken variety.
Reconsidering the Emergence of Non-core Dative Constructions in Modern Hebrew
Authors: Bar-Asher Siegal Elitzur A. , Boneh Nora
Published: November 2015

This article critically scrutinizes the perceived view that the emergence of non-core dative constructions in Modern Hebrew is due to a Slavic-Yiddish influence. It studies the Biblical and Mishnaic sources, showing that these language strata contain highly similar constructions to the ones in Modern Hebrew. It additionally shows that parallel constructions existed in languages spoken in the Jewish communities at the time of the revival, revealing that this linguistic phenomenon is typologically widely attested. We therefore claim that this could be an example of an internalization of the old grammar in the new spoken language, enhanced by the fact that similar constructions are reflected in the non-Hebrew native languages of the revival era speakers. These speakers, at the same time, imported into their colloquial Hebrew a sub-type of non-core dative—the discursive dative—to which they could not have been exposed through the ancient written texts, since this type of dative construction occurs only in the spoken language.
The Right Periphery in Colloquial Hebrew: Modality and Language Contact Driven Effects
Authors: Ziv Yael
Published: November 2015

The article discusses structural and functional properties of non-canonical constituents in the right periphery in Modern Hebrew, by comparison with their left periphery correlates. It is argued that the left periphery constructions are evident in both written and spoken modalities and that the right periphery constructions characterize the spoken modality. The discourse functions of both constructions are shown to follow from their respective modality constraints. It is suggested that the late emergence of the right periphery structures in Modern Hebrew might be due to their existence in the languages with which Hebrew was in contact.
Exploring Stratocumulus Cloud-Top Entrainment Processes and Parameterizations by Using Doppler Cloud Radar Observations
Authors: Albrecht Bruce , Fang Ming , Ghate Virendra
Published: November 2015

Observations made at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program’s Southern Great Plains (SGP) site during uniform nonprecipitating stratocumulus cloud conditions for a 14-h period are used to examine cloud-top entrainment processes and parameterizations. The observations from a vertically pointing Doppler cloud radar provide estimates of vertical velocity variance and energy dissipation rate (EDR) terms in the parameterized turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget of the entrainment zone. Hourly averages of the vertical velocity variance term in the TKE entrainment formulation correlated strongly (r = 0.72) with the dissipation rate term in the entrainment zone, with an increased correlation (r = 0.92) when accounting for the nighttime decoupling of the boundary layer. Independent estimates of entrainment rates were obtained from an inversion-height budget using the local time derivative and horizontal advection of cloud-top height together with large-scale vertical velocity at the boundary layer inversion from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) reanalysis model. The mean entrainment rate from the inversion-height budget during the 14-h period was 0.74 ± 0.15 cm s−1 and was used to calculate bulk coefficients for entrainment parameterizations based on convective velocity scale w* and TKE budgets of the entrainment zone. The hourly values of entrainment rates calculated using these coefficients exhibited good agreement with those calculated from the inversion-height budget associated with substantial changes in surface buoyancy production and cloud-top radiative cooling. The results indicate a strong potential for making entrainment rate estimates directly from radar vertical velocity variance and the EDR measurements.
A Characterization of Cold Pools in the West African Sahel
Authors: Provod M. , Marsham J. H. , Parker D. J. , Birch C. E.
Published: November 2015

Cold pools are integral components of squall-line mesoscale convective systems and the West African monsoon, but are poorly represented in operational global models. Observations of 38 cold pools made at Niamey, Niger, during the 2006 African Monsoon Multidisciplinary Analysis (AMMA) campaign (1 June–30 September 2006), are used to generate a seasonal characterization of cold pool properties by quantifying related changes in surface meteorological variables. Cold pools were associated with temperature decreases of 2°–14°C, pressure increases of 0–8 hPa, and wind gusts of 3–22 m s−1. Comparison with published values of similar variables from the U.S. Great Plains showed comparable differences. The leading part of most cold pools had decreased water vapor mixing ratios compared to the environment, with moister air, likely related to precipitation, approximately 30 min behind the gust front. A novel diagnostic used to quantify how consistent observed cold pool temperatures are with saturated or unsaturated descent from midlevels [fractional evaporational energy deficit (FEED)] shows that early season cold pools are consistent with less saturated descents. Early season cold pools were relatively colder, windier, and wetter, consistent with drier midlevels, although this was only statistically significant for the change in moisture. Late season cold pools tended to decrease equivalent potential temperature from the pre–cold pool value, whereas earlier in the season changes were smaller, with more increases. The role of cold pools may therefore change through the season, with early season cold pools more able to feed subsequent convection.
On Polarimetric Radar Signatures of Deep Convection for Model Evaluation: Columns of Specific Differential Phase Observed during MC3E*
Authors: van Lier-Walqui Marcus , Fridlind Ann M. , Ackerman Andrew S. , Collis Scott , Helmus Jonathan , MacGorman Donald R. , North Kirk , Kollias Pavlos , Posselt Derek J.
Published: November 2015

The representation of deep convection in general circulation models is in part informed by cloud-resolving models (CRMs) that function at higher spatial and temporal resolution; however, recent studies have shown that CRMs often fail at capturing the details of deep convection updrafts. With the goal of providing constraint on CRM simulation of deep convection updrafts, ground-based remote sensing observations are analyzed and statistically correlated for four deep convection events observed during the Midlatitude Continental Convective Clouds Experiment (MC3E). Since positive values of specific differential phase observed above the melting level are associated with deep convection updraft cells, so-called columns are analyzed using two scanning polarimetric radars in Oklahoma: the National Weather Service Vance WSR-88D (KVNX) and the Department of Energy C-band Scanning Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Precipitation Radar (C-SAPR). KVNX and C-SAPR volumes and columns are then statistically correlated with vertical winds retrieved via multi-Doppler wind analysis, lightning flash activity derived from the Oklahoma Lightning Mapping Array, and KVNX differential reflectivity . Results indicate strong correlations of volume above the melting level with updraft mass flux, lightning flash activity, and intense rainfall. Analysis of columns reveals signatures of changing updraft properties from one storm event to another as well as during event evolution. Comparison of to shows commonalities in information content of each, as well as potential problems with associated with observational artifacts.
The Power of Diversity Discourses at Work: On the Interlocking Nature of Diversities and Occupations
Authors: Zanoni Patrizia , Janssens Maddy
Published: November 2015

Drawing on Fairclough’s comprehensive social theory of discourse as text, social practice and discursive practice, the paper examines how discourses of diversity are implicated in the power dynamics in the Belgian branch of an international automobile company. Our analysis shows how diversity discourses are interlocked with occupations. On the one hand, speakers’ occupational practices are conditional for the emergence of multiple, occupation-distinct discourses of diversity. On the other, in their discursive practice, speakers not only construct diversity but at once deploy it as a symbolic currency to reaffirm their own occupational practices and related subject positions warranting voice in the workplace. Our study contributes to the extant critical diversity literature and the organizational scholarship on work by showing how the power dynamics of diversity cannot be adequately conceptualized without attending to occupational discursive and non-discursive practices.
Out of Sight, Out of Mind in a New World of Work? Autonomy, Control, and Spatiotemporal Scaling in Telework
Authors: Sewell Graham , Taskin Laurent
Published: November 2015

We draw on the geographical concepts of social space, territoriality, and distantiation to examine an apparent tension inherent in telework: i.e., using information and communication technologies to work away from traditional workplaces can give employees a greater sense of autonomy while simultaneously placing new constraints on the way they conduct themselves in settings that were previously beyond the reach of managerial control. We draw on a longitudinal case study of a Belgian biopharmaceutical company to show how technical and professional teleworkers developed broadly similar strategies of spatiotemporal scaling to cope with this tension. We conclude by considering how these scaling strategies allowed employees to cope with the demands of ‘hybrid’ work that is conducted both at home and in traditional settings.
Clinical Consensus Statement Development Manual
Authors: Rosenfeld Richard M. , Nnacheta Lorraine C. , Corrigan Maureen D.
Published: November 2015

Clinical consensus statements reflect opinions drafted by content experts for which consensus is sought using explicit methodology to identify areas of agreement and disagreement. In contrast to clinical practice guidelines, which are based primarily on high‐level evidence, clinical consensus statements are more applicable to situations where evidence is limited or lacking, yet there are still opportunities to reduce uncertainty and improve quality of care. This manual describes methodology used by the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation to promote rapid and consistent development of clinical consensus statements for its membership. Although the manual contains specific practices relevant to the Academy, the principles are also explained and may help other organizations create similar products.