bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The CLIC5 (chloride intracellular channel 5) involved in C2C12 myoblasts proliferation and differentiation
Authors: Li Fengna , Yin Jingdong , Yue Tao , Liu Ling , Zhang Haiyan
Published: January 2010

CLIC5 (chloride intracellular channel 5) is a CLIC (chloride intracellular channel) with various functions. Its high expression in skeletal muscle and association with actin‐based cytoskeleton suggests that it may play an important role in muscle tissue. This study was conducted to examine whether CLIC5 regulates the proliferation and differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts into myotubes. Differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts induced by switching to a differentiation culture medium was accompanied by a significant increase of CLIC5 protein expression level. Constitutive overexpression of CLIC5 was associated with reduced cell proliferation and more cells from G2/M phase into G0/G1 phase, followed by increased number and size of myotubes and up‐regulation of muscle‐specific proteins of myosin heavy chain, myogenin and desmin. These results demonstrate that CLIC5 is involved in C2C12 proliferation and myogenic differentiation in vitro.
Impact of catheter insertion using the radial approach on vasodilatation in humans
Authors: Dawson Ellen A. , Rathore Sudhir , Cable N. Timothy , Wright D. Jay , Morris John L. , Green Daniel J.
Published: January 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of catheter sheath insertion, a model of endothelium disruption in humans, on the conventional FMD (flow-mediated dilatation) response in vivo. Seventeen subjects undergoing transradial catheterization were recruited and assessed prior to, the day after, and 3–4 months postcatheterization. The catheter sheath's external diameter was 2.7 mm, and the average preprocedure internal radial artery diameter was 2.8 mm, indicating a high likelihood of endothelial denudation as a consequence of sheath placement. Radial artery flow-mediated and endothelium-derived NO (nitric oxide)-dependent function (FMD) was assessed within the region of sheath placement (sheath site) and also above the sheath (catheter site). GTN (glyceryl trinitrate) endothelium-independent NO-mediated function was also assessed distally. Measurements were made in both arms at all time points; the non-catheterized arm provided an internal control. Neither sheath (4.5±0.9%) nor catheter (4.4±0.9%) insertion abolished FMD, although both significantly decreased FMD from preintervention levels (9.0±0.8% sheath segment; 8.4±0.8% catheter segment; P<0.05). The impact of sheath and catheter placement on FMD was no longer evident after ~ 3 months recovery (8.0±1.5 and 8.1±1.7%, sheath and catheter, respectively). GTN responses also decreased from 14.8±1.7 to 7.9±1.0% (P<0.05) as a result of sheath placement, but values returned to baseline at ~ 3 months (13.0±1.8%). These results suggest that the presence of an intact, functional endothelial layer and consequent NO release may not be obligatory for some component of the FMD response. This raises the possibility of an endothelium-independent contribution to the flow-induced vasodilatation in humans.
Exploring Tourists' Environmental Learning, Values and Travel Experiences in Relation to Climate Change: A Postmodern Constructivist Research Agenda
Authors: Kachel Ulrike , Jennings Gayle
Published: January 2010

There is a need for a research agenda, which achieves a holistic understanding of the nature and influences of environmental learning on tourists' environmental values and travel experiences in relation to climate change. Why, because tourists' environmental values and environmentally friendly behaviour have been the focus of predominantly quantitative studies within the ecotourism context. Such studies generally neglect influences over time and the multiple and diverse nature of tourists' environmental learning experiences along with their social reconstruction. The suggested agenda is predicated on a review of extant literature related to tourists' environmental values, environmental learning and travel experiences. The agenda identifies aims, potential research questions and advocates a postmodern constructivist research paradigm to inform the research agenda. By advancing this research agenda, the article contributes towards the goal of the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development.
Chemical vapor deposition diamond based multilayered radiation detector: Physical analysis of detection properties
Authors: Almaviva S. , Marinelli Marco , Milani E. , Prestopino G. , Tucciarone A. , Verona C. , Verona-Rinati G. , Angelone M. , Pillon M. , Dolbnya I. , Sawhney K. , Tartoni N.
Published: January 2010

Recently, solid state photovoltaic Schottky diodes, able to detect ionizing radiation, in particular, x-ray and ultraviolet radiation, have been developed at the University of Rome “Tor Vergata.” We report on a physical and electrical properties analysis of the device and a detailed study of its detection capabilities as determined by its electrical properties. The design of the device is based on a metal/nominally intrinsic/p-type diamond layered structure obtained by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition of homoepitaxial single crystal diamond followed by thermal evaporation of a metallic contact. The device can operate in an unbiased mode by using the built-in potential arising from the electrode-diamond junction. We compare the expected response of the device to photons of various energies calculated through Monte Carlo simulation with experimental data collected in a well controlled experimental setup i.e., monochromatic high flux x-ray beams from 6 to 20 keV, available at the Diamond Light Source synchrotron in Harwell (U.K.).
Effects of Na nonstoichiometry in (Bi0.5Na0.5+x)TiO3 ceramics
Authors: Sung Y. S. , Kim J. M. , Cho J. H. , Song T. K. , Kim M. H. , Chong H. H. , Park T. G. , Do D. , Kim S. S.
Published: January 2010

Effects of Na nonstoichiometry in (Bi0.5Na0.5+x)TiO3 ceramics were investigated in the range of x=(−5)−(+1) mol % of Na0.5. A rhombohedral perovskite structure was maintained at all compositions with no secondary phases. Grain size decreased with Na nonstoichiometry. Piezoelectric coefficient (d33) increased from 74 pC/N at x=0 up to 91 pC/N at x=−3.5 then dropped with further Na deficiency. Depolarization temperature (Td), on the other hand, decreased from 190 °C at x=0 down to 112 °C at x=−3.5 then increased. Rhombohedral lattice distortion (90−α) decreasing with Na deficiency was a key factor for the variation in d33 and Td.
Defect physics of the kesterite thin-film solar cell absorber Cu2ZnSnS4
Authors: Chen Shiyou , Gong X. G. , Walsh Aron , Wei Su-Huai
Published: January 2010

Cu 2 ZnSnS 4 is one of the most promising quaternary absorber materials for thin-film solar cells. Examination of the thermodynamic stability of this quaternary compound reveals that the stable chemical potential region for the formation of stoichiometric compound is small. Under these conditions, the dominant defect will be p-type CuZn antisite, which has an acceptor level deeper than the Cu vacancy. The dominant self-compensated defect pair in this quaternary compound is [CuZn−+ZnCu+]0, which leads to the formation of various polytype structures of Cu2ZnSnS4. We propose that to maximize the solar cell performance, growth of Cu2ZnSnS4 under Cu-poor/Zn-rich conditions will be optimal, if the precipitation of ZnS can be avoided by kinetic barriers.
Magnetic and dielectric properties and Raman spectroscopy of GdCrO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Jaiswal Adhish , Das Raja , Vivekanand K. , Maity Tuhin , Abraham Priya Mary , Adyanthaya Suguna , Poddar Pankaj
Published: January 2010

The rare earth orthochromites are extremely interesting due to the richness of their optical, dielectric, and magnetic properties as well as due to their multiferroic properties which make them suitable materials to study in the nanoregime. However, the wet-chemical synthesis of these materials in nanosize is nontrivial. Here, we report for the first time, the detailed Raman spectra as well as magnetic and dielectric properties of chemically synthesized GdCrO3 nanoparticles of size ranging from 40 to 60 nm. The magnetic properties are dictated by competing Cr3+–Cr3+, Gd3+–Cr3+, and Gd3+–Gd3+ superexchange interactions in different temperature regions, resulting into an antiferromagnetic ordering at 167 K due to the Cr3+–Cr3+ followed by weak ferromagnetic ordering due to the onset of Cr3+–Gd3+ interactions. At lower temperature, it shows weak antiferromagnetic ordering due to Gd3+–Gd3+ interaction. Below 95 K, GdCrO3 nanoparticles showed the presence of negative magnetization due to Gd3+ and Cr3+ interactions resulting into weak ferromagnetic coupling. The Raman spectroscopy shows the characteristic Raman shifts indicating that below 450 cm−1, Gd3+ ions play a dominant role in determining the phonon frequencies of GdCrO3, and above 450 cm−1, the Cr+3 ions dominate. We also present for the first time the low temperature dielectric constant and loss tangent data for GdCrO3 in a broad temperature and frequency range. The dielectric constant shows a decrease in comparison to the bulk values due to the size dependent effects. It also shows a peak centered at around 320 K above which it shows a sharp decrease. The dielectric loss value in GdCrO3 nanoparticles is quite small and shows an interesting frequency dependent anomaly at lower temperature which might be due to the coupling between magnetic and dielectric order parameters.
Experimental validation of a diagnostic technique for tuning the fourth shock timing on National Ignition Facility
Authors: Robey H. F. , Boehly T. R. , Olson R. E. , Nikroo A. , Celliers P. M. , Landen O. L. , Meyerhofer D. D.
Published: January 2010

Capsule implosions on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) [Lindl et al., Phys. Plasmas 11, 339 (2004)] will be driven with a carefully tailored sequence of four shock waves that must be timed to very high precision in order to keep the fuel on a low adiabat. The Hohlraum conditions present during the first three shocks allow for a very accurate and direct diagnosis of the strength and timing of each individual shock by velocity interferometry. Experimental validation of this diagnostic technique on the OMEGA Laser Facility [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] has been reported in [Boehly et al., Phys. Plasmas 16, 056302 (2009)]. The Hohlraum environment present during the launch and propagation of the final shock, by contrast, is much more severe and will not permit diagnosis by the same technique. A new, closely related technique has been proposed for measuring and tuning the strength and timing of the fourth shock. Experiments to test this technique under NIF-relevant conditions have also been performed on OMEGA. The result of these experiments and a comparison to numerical simulations is presented, validating this concept.
On the probability of violations of Fourier’s law for heat flow in small systems observed for short times
Authors: Evans Denis J. , Searles Debra J. , Williams Stephen R.
Published: January 2010

We study the statistical mechanics of thermal conduction in a classical many-body system that is in contact with two thermal reservoirs maintained at different temperatures. The ratio of the probabilities, that when observed for a finite time, the time averaged heat flux flows in and against the direction required by Fourier’s Law for heat flow, is derived from first principles. This result is obtained using the transient fluctuation theorem. We show that the argument of that theorem, namely, the dissipation function is, close to equilibrium, equal to a microscopic expression for the entropy production. We also prove that if transient time correlation functions of smooth zero mean variables decay to zero at long times, the system will relax to a unique nonequilibrium steady state, and for this state, the thermal conductivity must be positive. Our expressions are tested using nonequilibrium molecular dynamics simulations of heat flow between thermostated walls.
Phase coexistence and multiple dielectric relaxations in the single layered manganite Nd0.22Sr1.78MnO4
Authors: Chattopadhyay S. , Giri S. , Majumdar S.
Published: January 2010

We report the magnetization, dc and ac conductivities, and dielectric response of the single layered manganite with formulation Nd0.22Sr1.78MnO4. The sample undergoes charge/orbital ordering approximately below 260 K, and a region of thermal hysteresis is observed in the magnetization data between 175 and 50 K. The dc electrical resistivity indicates Arrhenius type thermally activated behavior at high temperature and a complicated conduction behavior at low temperature. In the ac conductivity measurement, the universal dielectric response is observed over the selected frequency range at low temperature (below 155 K). The sample shows dielectric response very similar to polycrystalline CaCu3Ti4O12 and other manganites, with a value of the room temperature dielectric permittivity as large as 5500 measured at 5 kHz of frequency. The disorder induced charge localization and the polaron hopping mechanism are possibly responsible for the overall electronic conduction and dielectric response of the sample. The sample shows signature of multiple relaxations, which is intrinsic to the sample and presumably related to the phase separation around the first order structural transition in the charge/orbital ordered phase.
Suppression of spin-pumping by a MgO tunnel-barrier
Authors: Mosendz O. , Pearson J. E. , Fradin F. Y. , Bader S. D. , Hoffmann A.
Published: January 2010

Spin-pumping generates pure spin currents in normal metals at the ferromagnet (F)/normal metal (N) interface. The efficiency of spin-pumping is given by the spin mixing conductance, which depends on N and the F/N interface. We directly study the spin-pumping through an MgO tunnel-barrier using the inverse spin Hall effect, which couples spin and charge currents and provides a direct electrical detection of spin currents in the normal metal. We find that spin-pumping is suppressed by the tunnel-barrier, which is contrary to recent studies that suggest that the spin mixing conductance can be enhanced by a tunnel-barrier inserted at the interface.
Integrated nanoplasmonic-nanofluidic biosensors with targeted delivery of analytes
Authors: Yanik Ahmet Ali , Huang Min , Artar Alp , Chang Tsung-Yao , Altug Hatice
Published: January 2010

Performances of the biosensors are often limited by the depletion zones created around the sensing area which impede the effective analyte transport. To overcome this limitation, we propose and demonstrate a nanoplasmonic-nanofluidic sensor enabling targeted delivery of analytes to the sensor surface with dramatic improvements in mass transport efficiency. Our sensing platform is based on extraordinary light transmission effect in suspended plasmonic nanoholes. This scheme allows three-dimensional control of the fluidic flow by connecting separate layers of microfluidic channels through plasmonic/nanofluidic holes. To implement the proposed sensor platform, we also introduce a lift-off free nanofabrication method.
Structural stability of polymeric nitrogen: A first-principles investigation
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Tian Fubo , Wang Liancheng , Cui Tian , Liu Bingbing , Zou Guangtian
Published: January 2010

The search for the stable single-bonded (polymeric) solid nitrogen attracted much attention in view of its potential application as a high energy density material. In this study, the stability of different candidate polymeric structures of nitrogen has been studied using ab initio calculations based on density-functional theory for the first time, from the angles of thermodynamic stabilities, mechanical stabilities, and dynamical stabilities in the pressure range from 0 to 360 GPa, respectively. According to our results, only Cmcm, A7, rcg, cg, BP, P212121, and Pba2 are competitive structures and more favorable than sc, ch, LB, and cw strcutrues; their stable pressure range were also presented. Among the competitive structures, BP, Pba2, and P212121 are the novel ones for their enthalpies are lower than the cg structure above 170 GPa. We further identify that the P212121 phase can transform to cg structure at pressure below 60 GPa. Also a new phase transition sequence with increasing pressure has been presented, which is from the molecular phase ε-N2 to cg at 47 GPa, to Pba2 at 170 GPa, and then to P212121 at 307 GPa.
Anomalous reaction-diffusion as a model of nonexponential DNA escape kinetics
Authors: Chatterjee Debarati , Cherayil Binny J.
Published: January 2010

We show that data from recent experiments carried out on the kinetics of DNA escape from α-hemolysin nanopores [M. Wiggin, C. Tropini, C. T. Cossa, N. N. Jetha, and A. Marziali, Biophys. J. 95, 5317 (2008)] may be rationalized by a model of chain dynamics based on the anomalous diffusion of a particle moving in a harmonic well in the presence of a delta function sink. The experiments of Wiggin et al. found, among other things, that the occasional occurrence of unusually long escape times in the distribution of chain trapping events led to nonexponential decays in the survival probability, S(t), of the DNA molecules within the nanopore. Wiggin et al. ascribed this nonexponentiality to the existence of a distribution of trapping potentials, which they suggested was the result of stochastic interactions between the bases of the DNA and the amino acids located on the surface of the nanopore. Based on this idea, they showed that the experimentally determined S(t) could be well fit in both the short and long time regimes by a function of the form (1+t/τ)−α (the so called Becquerel function). In our model, S(t) is found to be given by a Mittag–Leffler function at short times and by a generalized Mittag–Leffler function at long times. By suitable choice of certain parameter values, these functions are found to fit the experimental S(t) even better than the Becquerel function. Anomalous diffusion of DNA within the trap prior to escape over a barrier of fixed height may therefore provide a second, plausible explanation of the data, and may offer fresh perspectives on similar trapping and escape problems.
Towards the Hartree–Fock and coupled-cluster singles and doubles basis set limit: A study of various models that employ single excitations into a complementary auxiliary basis set
Authors: Köhn Andreas , Tew David P.
Published: January 2010

In explicitly correlated coupled-cluster singles and doubles [CCSD(F12)] calculations, the basis set incompleteness error in the double excitations is reduced to such an extent that the error in the Hartree–Fock energy and the error in the single excitations become important. Using arguments from perturbation theory to systematically truncate the coupled-cluster singles and CCSD(F12) Lagrangians, a series of coupled-cluster models are proposed and studied that reduce these basis set incompleteness errors through additional single excitations into a complementary auxiliary basis. Convergence with model and size of complementary basis is rapid and there appears to be no need to go beyond second-order models. Our iterative second-order approach is a slight improvement over the existing noniterative approach, but its main advantage is that it is suitable for response theory.
Critical velocity for the vortex core reversal in perpendicular bias magnetic field
Authors: Khvalkovskiy A. V. , Slavin A. N. , Grollier J. , Zvezdin K. A. , Guslienko K. Yu.
Published: January 2010

For a circular magnetic nanodot in a vortex ground state, we study how the critical velocity vc of the vortex core reversal depends on the magnitude H of a bias magnetic field applied perpendicularly to the dot plane. We find that, similarly to the case H=0, the critical velocity does not depend on the size of the dot. The critical velocity is dramatically reduced when the negative (i.e., opposite to the vortex core direction) bias field approaches the value, at which a static core reversal takes place. A simple analytical model shows good agreement with our numerical result.
Electrical determination of the spin relaxation time of photoexcited electrons in GaAs
Authors: Kurebayashi H. , Trypiniotis T. , Lee K. , Easton S. , Ionescu A. , Farrer I. , Ritchie D. A. , Bland J. A. C. , Barnes C. H. W.
Published: January 2010

Spin-dependent transport for photoexcited electrons in an epitaxial Fe/GaAs interface was characterized from 5 to 300 K. The presence of spin-dependent transport was confirmed at all the measured temperatures and the spin polarization across the interface is found to increase with decreasing temperature. A time-of-flight-type model based on the Dyakonov–Perel (DP) spin relaxation mechanism was employed to explain the temperature dependence, providing that the estimated spin relaxation time in GaAs is 62 ps at 5 K. This short spin relaxation time can be explained by the stronger efficiency of the DP mechanism for hot-electrons.
Magnetic field effect on the cooling of a low-Pr fluid in a vertical cylinder
Authors: Sarris I. E. , Iatridis A. I. , Dritselis C. D. , Vlachos N. S.
Published: January 2010

Results of direct numerical simulations are presented for the transient and turbulent natural convection cooling of an initially isothermal quiescent liquid metal placed in a vertical cylinder in the presence of a vertical magnetic field. The electrically conductive low-Prandtl number fluid is put to motion when the cylindrical wall is suddenly cooled to a uniform lower temperature. For this particular cooling process, the flow is characterized by three sequential almost discrete stages: (a) development of momentum and thermal boundary layers along the cylindrical cold wall, (b) intrusion of the cooled fluid into the main fluid body, and (c) flow and thermal stratification. The selected Rayleigh numbers in the present study are high enough so that turbulent convection is established. The numerical results show that the magnetic field has no observable effect at the initial stage of the vertical boundary layer development and conduction heat transfer is favored during the intrusion stage. An interesting effect of the magnetic field during the stratification stage is the deceleration of the cooling process for low Rayleigh numbers and its acceleration for high ones. This dependence of the magnetic field effect on the Rayleigh number was found to be related to the cold vortices emanating from the vertical boundary layer. In contrast with the hydrodynamic cooling, the magnetic field was also found to accelerate the cooling near the bottom of the cylinder.
Ultrafast insulator-to-metal phase transition as a switch to measure the spectrogram of a supercontinuum light pulse
Authors: Cilento Federico , Giannetti Claudio , Ferrini Gabriele , Dal Conte Stefano , Sala Tommaso , Coslovich Giacomo , Rini Matteo , Cavalleri Andrea , Parmigiani Fulvio
Published: January 2010

In this letter we demonstrate the possibility to determine the temporal and spectral structure (spectrogram) of a complex light pulse exploiting the ultrafast switching character of a nonthermal photoinduced phase transition. As a proof, we use a VO2 multifilm, undergoing an ultrafast insulator-to-metal phase transition when excited by femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses. The abrupt variation in the multifilm optical properties, over a broad infrared/visible frequency range, is exploited to determine, in situ and in a simple way, the spectrogram of a supercontinuum pulse produced by a photonic crystal fiber. The determination of the structure of the pulse is mandatory to develop pump-probe experiments with frequency resolution over a broad spectral range (700–1100 nm).
Critical Thinking in Introductory Psychology Texts and Supplements
Authors: Griggs Richard A. , Jackson Sherri L. , Marek Pam , Christopher Andrew N.
Published: January 2010

The importance of critical thinking to education in psychology prompted us to examine the coverage of critical thinking in the 37 full-length introductory psychology textbooks published during the period 1995 to 1997. In addition, we checked for coverage of scientific thinking, cognitive biases in thinking, and difficulties in statistical reasoning. We also reviewed critical thinking supplements. The findings should guide and facilitate the review and decision process for teachers interested in incorporating critical thinking into the introductory course.
Beyond the Sponge Model: Encouraging Students' Questioning Skills in Abnormal Psychology
Authors: Keeley Stuart M. , Ali Rahan , Gebing Tracy
Published: January 2010

Much of education emphasizes an “answers-by-the-experts” and “student-as-sponge” orientation, thereby failing to encourage students' questioning behavior, an essential component of critical thinking. We argue that educators should provide students with explicit training in asking critical questions. We describe such a training strategy taught in 2 recent abnormal psychology courses. At the beginning of both courses, students completed a pretest for which they asked questions after reading an essay. On an identical posttest at the end of the courses, students asked significantly more questions overall and particularly asked significantly more critical evaluation questions. The results support the promise of using explicit questioning training in promoting the evaluative aspects of critical thinking.
Developing Critical Thinking through the Study of Paranormal Phenomena
Authors: Wesp Richard , Montgomery Kathleen
Published: January 2010

Accounts of popular paranormal phenomena can serve as an ideal medium in which to encourage students to develop their critical’ thinking skills. This article describes a cooperative-learning approach used to teach critical thinking in a course on paranormal events. Critical-thinking skills increased; the course and many of its components received high student ratings.
A Classroom Demonstration to Communicate Vulnerability of Contracting a Sexually Transmitted Disease
Authors: Wiederman Michael W.
Published: January 2010

Communicating the likelihood of contracting a sexually transmitted disease (STD) is an important objective for instructors teaching particular psychology courses. This article describes a classroom demonstration for stimulating consideration of personal vulnerability for contracting an STD during one's lifetime. The demonstration utilizes class participation, holds student interest, stimulates subsequent class discussion, and has resulted in generally positive feedback from students.
Addressing Stereotypes and Ageism in a Life Span Development Course
Authors: Sheldon Jane P.
Published: January 2010

A primary purpose of teaching is to help students become able to critically evaluate their own knowledge base to see where biases and stereotypes exist. An activity that serves to structure a class period is to expand on Fried's (1988) exercise in which students generate positive and negative stereotypes about older adults. The instructor must prepare extensively beforehand by anticipating student responses and finding psychological research and theories that address each of the anticipated stereotypes. Thus, the stereotypes serve as a springboard for a lecture on aging as well as a discussion of ageism. Student response to the activity is positive.
Intelligence as a Unifying Theme for Teaching Cognitive Psychology
Authors: Sternberg Robert J. , Pardo Jennifer
Published: January 2010

Teachers often seek unifying themes that help students develop an integrated and coherent mental representation of the course material. Without such themes, material that seems integrated to the teacher often can be disparate and incoherent to the student. In the study of cognitive psychology, the theme of intelligence provides a powerful way of unifying the disparate material of a wide-ranging course.
The Status of Psychology of Religion: An Interview with Raymond F. Paloutzian
Authors: Hester Maureen P.
Published: January 2010

Maureen P. Hester (MPH) is Professor of Psychology at Holy Names College (Oakland, CA). She has published research in humor, history, and group process. She teaches psychology of religion at Holy Names College and has also explored the relation between psychology and religion at local and national psychology teaching conferences. Raymond F. Paloutzian (RFP) is Professor of Psychology at Westmont College in Santa Barbara, CA. His original research in psychology of religion was on the conversion experience. In 1992–1993, he served as President of APA Division 36 (Psychology of Religion). Besides publishing articles on religious experience, he coedited a special issue of The Journal of Social Issues on the topic of “Religious Influences on Personal and Societal Well-Being.” His Invitation to the Psychology of Religion (1996) is in its second edition. In addition, Paloutzian coauthored the chapter on religion in John Santrock's Psychology (1997). He is the editor of The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion.
The conserved oligomeric Golgi complex is involved in double-membrane vesicle formation during autophagy
Authors: Yen Wei-Lien , Shintani Takahiro , Nair Usha , Cao Yang , Richardson Brian C. , Li Zhijian , Hughson Frederick M. , Baba Misuzu , Klionsky Daniel J.
Published: January 2010

Macroautophagy is a catabolic pathway used for the turnover of long-lived proteins and organelles in eukaryotic cells. The morphological hallmark of this process is the formation of double-membrane autophagosomes that sequester cytoplasm. Autophagosome formation is the most complex part of macroautophagy, and it is a dynamic event that likely involves vesicle fusion to expand the initial sequestering membrane, the phagophore; however, essentially nothing is known about this process including the molecular components involved in vesicle tethering and fusion. In this study, we provide evidence that the subunits of the conserved oligomeric Golgi (COG) complex are required for double-membrane cytoplasm to vacuole targeting vesicle and autophagosome formation. COG subunits localized to the phagophore assembly site and interacted with Atg (autophagy related) proteins. In addition, mutations in the COG genes resulted in the mislocalization of Atg8 and Atg9, which are critical components involved in autophagosome formation.
Integrating high-throughput genetic interaction mapping and high-content screening to explore yeast spindle morphogenesis
Authors: Vizeacoumar Franco J. , van Dyk Nydia , S.Vizeacoumar Frederick , Cheung Vincent , Li Jingjing , Sydorskyy Yaroslav , Case Nicolle , Li Zhijian , Datti Alessandro , Nislow Corey , Raught Brian , Zhang Zhaolei , Frey Brendan , Bloom Kerry , Boone Charles , Andrews Brenda J.
Published: January 2010

We describe the application of a novel screening approach that combines automated yeast genetics, synthetic genetic array (SGA) analysis, and a high-content screening (HCS) system to examine mitotic spindle morphogenesis. We measured numerous spindle and cellular morphological parameters in thousands of single mutants and corresponding sensitized double mutants lacking genes known to be involved in spindle function. We focused on a subset of genes that appear to define a highly conserved mitotic spindle disassembly pathway, which is known to involve Ipl1p, the yeast aurora B kinase, as well as the cell cycle regulatory networks mitotic exit network (MEN) and fourteen early anaphase release (FEAR). We also dissected the function of the kinetochore protein Mcm21p, showing that sumoylation of Mcm21p regulates the enrichment of Ipl1p and other chromosomal passenger proteins to the spindle midzone to mediate spindle disassembly. Although we focused on spindle disassembly in a proof-of-principle study, our integrated HCS-SGA method can be applied to virtually any pathway, making it a powerful means for identifying specific cellular functions.
Systems cell biology of the mitotic spindle
Authors: Saleem Ramsey A. , Aitchison John D.
Published: January 2010

Cell division depends critically on the temporally controlled assembly of mitotic spindles, which are responsible for the distribution of duplicated chromosomes to each of the two daughter cells. To gain insight into the process, Vizeacoumar et al., in this issue (Vizeacoumar et al. 2010. J. Cell Biol. doi:10.1083/jcb.200909013), have combined systems genetics with high-throughput and high-content imaging to comprehensively identify and classify novel components that contribute to the morphology and function of the mitotic spindle.
Arabidopsis thaliana Cells: A Model to Evaluate the Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum
Authors: Terta Meriam , Kettani-Halabi Mohamed , Ibenyassine Khadija , Tran Daniel , Meimoun Patrice , M'hand Raja Ait , El-Maarouf-Bouteau Hayat , Val Florence , Ennaji M. Mustapha , Bouteau François
Published: January 2010

Pectobacterium carotovorum are economically important plant pathogens that cause plant soft rot. These enterobacteria display high diversity world-wide. Their pathogenesis depends on production and secretion of virulence factors such as plant cell wall–degrading enzymes, type III effectors, a necrosis-inducing protein, and a secreted virulence factor from Xanthomonas spp., which are tightly regulated by quorum sensing. Pectobacterium carotovorum also present pathogen-associated molecular patterns that could participate in their pathogenicity. In this study, by using suspension cells of Arabidopsis thaliana, we correlate plant cell death and pectate lyase activities during coinfection with different P. carotovorum strains. When comparing soft rot symptoms induced on potato slices with pectate lyase activities and plant cell death observed during coculture with Arabidopsis thaliana cells, the order of strain virulence was found to be the same. Therefore, Arabidopsis thaliana cells could be an alternative tool to evaluate rapidly and efficiently the virulence of different P. carotovorum strains.
Ethylene Signaling Renders the Jasmonate Response of Arabidopsis Insensitive to Future Suppression by Salicylic Acid
Authors: Leon-Reyes Antonio , Du Yujuan , Koornneef Annemart , Proietti Silvia , Körbes Ana P. , Memelink Johan , Pieterse Corné M. J. , Ritsema Tita
Published: January 2010

Cross-talk between jasmonate (JA), ethylene (ET), and Salicylic acid (SA) signaling is thought to operate as a mechanism to fine-tune induced defenses that are activated in response to multiple attackers. Here, 43 Arabidopsis genotypes impaired in hormone signaling or defense-related processes were screened for their ability to express SA-mediated suppression of JA-responsive gene expression. Mutant cev1, which displays constitutive expression of JA and ET responses, appeared to be insensitive to SA-mediated suppression of the JA-responsive marker genes PDF1.2 and VSP2. Accordingly, strong activation of JA and ET responses by the necrotrophic pathogens Botrytis cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola prior to SA treatment counteracted the ability of SA to suppress the JA response. Pharmacological assays, mutant analysis, and studies with the ET-signaling inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene revealed that ET signaling renders the JA response insensitive to subsequent suppression by SA. The APETALA2/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR transcription factor ORA59, which regulates JA/ET-responsive genes such as PDF1.2, emerged as a potential mediator in this process. Collectively, our results point to a model in which simultaneous induction of the JA and ET pathway renders the plant insensitive to future SA-mediated suppression of JA-dependent defenses, which may prioritize the JA/ET pathway over the SA pathway during multi-attacker interactions.
ISAACS– interactive structure analysis of amorphous and crystalline systems
Authors: Le Roux Sébastien , Petkov Valeri
Published: January 2010

ISAACS(interactive structure analysis of amorphous and crystalline systems) is a cross-platform program developed to analyze the structural characteristics of three-dimensional structure models built by computer simulations. The models may have any degree of periodicity (i.e.crystallinity) and local symmetry. The following structural information is computed from the models: total and partial radial distribution functions and structure factors for X-ray or neutron scattering, coordination numbers, bond-angle and near atomic neighbor distributions, bond-valence sums, ring statistics, and spherical harmonics invariants. The information may be visualized conveniently and stored for further use.
Ten compelling reasons for TQM
Authors: Smith Steve
Published: January 2010

What is total quality management? How much will it cost? Where does an organisation begin? Justifying the start of a TQM programme can be one of the most difficult steps for a company to take. The following 10 points should help provide the answers.
European view: US and Japanese TQM practices
Authors: Chase Rory
Published: January 2010

European executives who recently participated in an international quality study tour have gained some valuable insights into US and Japanese TQM practices. They share some of their observations and issue a warning to European organisations.
Continuous improvement at Canon
Authors: Management Association Japan
Published: January 2010

In 1975, Canon set an ambitious goal for itself — to become a world‐class manufacturer within six years. The Canon Production System formed the framework for the TQM programme and has been instrumental in the Company's spectacular success.
Zero defects: The cornerstone for CIM
Authors: O'Rourke J. Tracy
Published: January 2010

A zero‐defect quality philosophy must exist throughout any organisation before it can successfully implement computer‐integrated manufacturing (CIM). Once established, zero‐defect quality pays for itself by mailing a company a stronger, more vigorous competitor.
Diamond‐Star Motors: Quality from the start
Authors: Parsons John T
Published: January 2010

Diamond‐Star Motors is committed to producing world‐class quality automobiles. To achieve this, a new assembly plant integrates the best existing technology from its parents — Chrysler Motors and Mitsubishi Motors — and employs the latest in manufacturing methods and machinery. All workers are responsible for their own work, as well as checking work previously completed. The Japanese philosophy of Kaizen, the continuous improvement through quality circles and individual suggestions, is practised throughout the company.
Meeting the challenge for quality
Authors: Stoddart David E
Published: January 2010

Renishaw Metrology launched a Total Quality Commitment Programme nearly three years ago. Every employee is responsible for quality. Emphasis is on getting it right the first time and prevention not detection.
Successful TQC Practices
Authors: Lim Teow
Published: January 2010

The successful implementation of total quality management practices in any organisation depends on many factors. A study of three multi‐national electronics firms operating in Singapore reveals the factors which contribute to successful TQM.
Crosby talks quality
Authors: Crosby Philip
Published: January 2010

Philip Crosby, one of the world's leading experts on quality management, believes that leadership is the major issue facing chief executives today. It is his firm opinion that too many of our senior executives are skilled managers and not enough are leaders. In this interview Mr Crosby discusses the skills that tomorrow's managers will need to lead a Quality Revolution.
Total quality: Leading by example
Authors: Atkinson Philip
Published: January 2010

Around 80% of all Total Quality initiatives in the UK will fail because they do not have the backing of the senior management team. The senior team, in many cases, do not realise that they have to change the way they manage, including their style. Many think that public exhortation of the TQM philosophy is their only responsibility. When TQM dies because of their failure to lead by example, they move onto the next ‘managerial gimmick’ hoping that it will give them the success they crave.
Making our mark worldwide
Authors: Parsons Brian
Published: January 2010

‘Making our mark worldwide’ is the corporate aim of a small, high technology firm based on the outskirts of Cambridge, UK. In its brief, 10 year history the company, Domino Printing Sciences PLC, has acquired an enviable track record of new product development, growth and success the world over in supplying industrial ink‐jet printing systems. It has sustained a growth rate in excess of 30% per annum, and along the way picked up the Queen's Award for Technology in 1985 and for Exports in 1987.
Total quality makes the difference
Authors: Quernemoen Bruce
Published: January 2010

At Fisher Controls employees are committed to the future. They are working together with suppliers and customers to meet increasing expectations and requirements for quality goods and services, delivered on time and at a competitive price.
The Japanese approach to quality
Authors: Asher Mike , Dale Barrie
Published: January 2010

Earlier this year Dr Barrie Dale led a quality fact‐finding mission to Japan. Eighteen European managers had a unique opportunity of seeing first‐hand the Japanese approach to Total Quality. This review provides insights into their quality practices and identifies the key elements common to all successful Japanese organisations.
The role of process modelling
Authors: Marsh John
Published: January 2010

This article presents the proven business benefits of Process Modelling in continuous improvement. The emphasis is on case study material, highlighting the successes and warning of the pitfalls. The material is drawn from the author's experience of implementing Total Quality which includes multi‐site manufacturers as well as smaller companies from more traditional industries.
Kaizen at Kubota Steel
Authors: Matsumura Masaharu
Published: January 2010

This article examines the role of the foreman in continuous quality improvement. Through intensive training in production technologies and management practices, Kubota's foremen possess the skills and knowledge to lead any quality initiative.
German companies react to TQM
Authors: Zink Klaus j. , Schildknect Rolf
Published: January 2010

For many years the technical quality of German products has given them a competitive edge in international markets. However, as more and more companies adopt Total Quality strategies the ‘Made in West Germany’ label has decreased in stature. A recent survey highlights the growing importance of TQM to German companies.
When cultures collide
Authors: Atkinson Philip E
Published: January 2010

Total quality, as a tool of cultural change, is a strategic weapon. When used in conjunction with merger and acquisition programmes, total quality can substantially reduce the high rate of M & A failures.
A fighting chance
Authors: Vickers Brendan
Published: January 2010

Can firms employing 100, 80 or 50 people benefit from TQM? This article examines the issues, based upon experience gained through the UK Department of Trade and Industry's Quality Initiative.
Q‐SHARE® — A share of TQM
Authors: Younger Alan
Published: January 2010

Small companies often have quality management needs which differ from those of large companies. The Q‐Share scheme, administered by Polyfield Services Ltd, provides assistance in implementing quality management programmes especially tailored for the individual organisation's needs.
Terzi Circle
Authors: Terzi Murat
Published: January 2010

A comprehensive understanding of the operation as a whole, involving operators and their internal customers, is essential to control a production environment. The author has developed a new technique for identifying each customer/ supplier relationship.
The customer is King
Authors: Lee‐Mortimer Andrew
Published: January 2010

Becoming a world‐class manufacturer is a major goal for many companies. In fact, many business leaders believe it is a requirement for survival. Richard Schonberger, the American guru who brought the world‐class concept to the West, now has something new to say on the subject. During the 1990s, world‐class quality will be achieved by treating the customer like a king.
A recipe for success
Authors: Aune Asbjørn
Published: January 2010

Real teamwork means people participating in implementing change and solving problems. This is a vital part of the Quality Improvement Process and, according to the author, will become the new challenge for the 1990s.
Improving business processes
Authors: Harrington H. James
Published: January 2010

Improving business processes is the key to increased profits and market share. This article presents a new, systematic approach to improving the efficiency, effectiveness, and adaptability of these critical processes which make the difference between success and failure.
Quick off the mark
Authors: Soquet Julie
Published: January 2010

Increased customer satisfaction is the driving force behind many organisations in the 1990s. ODI is helping companies achieve this goal through Quick‐Start — a technique used to implement quickly and efficiently the management of both relationships and processes.
Preventing defects
Authors: Lee‐Mortimer Andrew
Published: January 2010

The system of Poka‐yoke (mistake‐proofing) and source inspection are the two major elements of Zero Quality Control (ZQC). This systematic approach to preventing defects, established by Shigeo Shingo, creates the conditions for zero defects in any working environment.
A question of quality
Authors: Timmers Joanna G , Van Per Wiele Ton
Published: January 2010

Most people have heard of the major quality gurus, but how much do we really know about their individual philosophies? In this article, the authors challenge the readers to test their knowledge of the top five gurus' philosophies.
Engineering quality
Authors: Walklet RH
Published: January 2010

Cadillac introduced simultaneous engineering to help in the design and assembly of its cars. Not only has it increased the quality and time to market of its cars, but it has also created a whole new culture.
TQM leaders: Born or made?
Authors: Lewis Kevin
Published: January 2010

Choosing the right TQM leader is critical to the successful implementation of TQM, since employees need to become excited about change rather than scared of it. This, according to a recent US survey, seems to be the main stumbling block to successful implementation.
Playing piggy in the middle
Authors: Wheatley Malcolm
Published: January 2010

Much of middle management has already been affected by the changes brought about by restructuring, but what about their future role? A recent survey has been commissioned to help understand this.
Making a clean sweep of it
Authors: Creelman James
Published: January 2010

In under two years Hoover has experienced a dramatic transformation. Crucial to this has been the key role given to middle management. The TQM Magazine investigates the Hoover ‘superintendents’.
Keeping the concept hot
Authors: Wevill Andrew
Published: January 2010

Total quality is the hot concept of the moment. This article offers practical advice as to what total quality really means. It highlights the issues and pitfalls that managers face when they introduce and implement total quality in their organisations.
Growing through change
Authors: Livsey Ian
Published: January 2010

Achieving total quality is a step‐by‐step process. Each stage needs to be understood and managed appropriately. This article looks at all the different phases and the stakeholders' involvement in them.
Motivating people for success
Authors: Atkinson Roger
Published: January 2010

Many companies are now realising that quality is not the sole responsibility of any one department. To be truly successful, a company needs to employ the creativity and enthusiasm for continuous improvement of all its people.
Employing the uniqueness factor
Authors: Ashton Chris
Published: January 2010

To successfully ride out the stormy recession, a company needs to sustain its competitive advantage. A major part of this is due to the inclusion of ‘factor X’ — that indefinable and thus difficult to imitate ingredient that keeps you one step ahead.
Improvement framework
Authors: Dale B.G. , Boaden R.J.
Published: January 2010

Following research on the subject of TQM, the authors decided that what was lacking was a framework for the introduction and development of the process for continuous quality improvement.