bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High AC field-induced polarization switching unraveled in frequency domain: Enhanced dielectric responses in lanthanum-doped Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 relaxor-ferroelectrics
Authors: Qin Haonan , Yang Yixin , Chen Zhiwen , Lin Zhehan , Li Yuehan , Gao Shiyi , Tang Canzhe , Tan Daniel Q.
Published: January 2025

In this study, we delve into the complex dielectric behaviors of lanthanum (La)-doped PNN-PZT relaxor-ferroelectric ceramics under the influence of high AC fields. Our approach involves a meticulous design of dielectric measurements to scrutinize the decoupling phenomenon between local polarization oscillation and global polarization switching. Remarkably, the application of high AC fields (>0.5 kV/mm) causes a dramatic increase in the dielectric permittivity (2x), alongside pronounced frequency dispersion (>65 °C) and a permittivity hump below Tm in 7% La-doped relaxor compositions. For relaxor-ferroelectric ceramics doped with lower La (<=5%) that are featured with tweed-like submicron domains as imaged in in situ transmission electron microscopy, the significantly enhanced dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss (>1) are induced under high AC fields (<0.5 kV/mm). A comparative study with a polarization loop in the time domain under various AC fields and DC bias demonstrates that the dielectric anomaly in the frequency domain is associated with global polarization switching, co-existing with polarization oscillation mechanism in various domains. This frequency domain method reveals threshold AC fields (0.25–0.5 kV/mm) above which polarization switching occurs in relaxor-FE compositions at elevated temperatures, complements the dynamic behaviors of P–E hysteresis, and cautions the control of AC fields in dealing with relaxor-ferroelectric materials for advanced electronic applications.
Bi24Al2O39:Mn5+-phosphor-based single-emission ratiometric thermometer
Authors: Li Guanghui , Wu Xingyu , Liu Xiang , Cao Yue , Jia Xiaoru , Lu Hongyu , Zou Hua
Published: January 2025

Both excitation and single emission of Bi24Al2O39:Mn5+ phosphors are possible in the near-infrared (NIR) region, which can be simultaneously detected. Monitoring the excitation radiation allows us to prevent its fluctuations from affecting the luminescence. Single emission is a technique that involves the luminescence intensity ratio, so fluctuations in the intensity of the excitation radiation do not affect the result. This technique has the advantage of involving conventional methods and is not affected by optical dispersion, so it provides reliable results suitable for practical applications. Using this method, we investigate the temperature-sensing characteristics of Bi24Al2O39:0.5%Mn5+ phosphors from 300 to 380 K. Under 970 nm excitation, the maximal relative sensitivity is 3.54% K−1 in the physiological temperature range (300–330 K) and reaches 3.98% K−1 at 351 K. The excellent temperature sensing and NIR excitation and emission suggest that this NIR thermometer can be used for biological applications.
Highly sensitive UV detector based on the transverse Dember effect of 4H-SiC single crystal
Authors: Huang Yahui , Ji An , Zhang Xuesi , Wang Kunlun , Wang Yong
Published: January 2025

In this work, voltage-mode passive ultraviolet (UV) detectors have been designed and fabricated based on the transverse Dember effect of c-axis tilted n-type 4H-SiC single crystals, which may solve the disadvantages of traditional UV detectors with inadequate sensitivity and stability. A sensitivity as high as 96 000 μV/W has been identified in such 4H-SiC detectors via the transverse Dember effect under the illumination of UV light with a wavelength of 365 nm, which significantly exceeds those of traditional UV detectors based on the transverse thermoelectric effect. In addition, the rise time and decay time of 1.0 and 10.2 ms have been determined in these 4H-SiC detectors, respectively, which are much smaller than those of the current-mode detectors. These results may provide an approach to fabricate the high-performance UV detectors with low cost.
Piezoelectric thin films and their applications in MEMS: A review
Authors: Liu Jinpeng , Tan Hua , Zhou Xinyi , Ma Weigang , Wang Chuanmin , Tran Nguyen-Minh-An , Lu Wenlong , Chen Feng , Wang Junya , Zhang Haibo
Published: January 2025

With the increasing demand for devices in miniaturization, accuracy, and low power consumption, developing microdevices in the form of piezoelectric thin films is significant for microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) applications. Piezoelectric thin films offer advantages of miniaturization and low power consumption, holding immense potential in MEMS, especially with advancements in micro-nanomanufacturing technologies. In this review, we highlighted the compelling piezoelectric properties and summarized the latest research progress of thin films, with an emphasis on recent advances in piezoelectric MEMS. We mainly introduced the recent developments on different types of piezoelectric MEMS (piezo-MEMS), along with the descriptions of piezoelectric effects, film preparation, film properties, and device indicators. We have emphasized the comparison of MEMS with different piezoelectric materials and methods for improving devices. The recent achievements of piezoelectric thin films in MEMS applications and the future development of MEMS applications are also reviewed.
Shock compression of [101¯0]-axis zinc single crystal
Authors: Garkushin G. V. , Savinykh A. S. , Razorenov S. V. , Brodova I. G. , Rasposienko D. Yu. , Devyaterikov D. I. , Panfilov P. E.
Published: January 2025

Zinc single crystals have been shocked by planar impact along the [101¯0] axis as well as in the off-axis direction. The evolution of compression waves has been analyzed from the free surface velocity profiles of zinc single crystal samples. A slip on the primary system is activated by impact loading in directions making angles of θ = 17°–64° with respect to the [101¯0] axis. The phenomenon of the formation of two plastic compression waves propagating at different velocities is observed in samples oriented at angles of 53° and 64°. The spall fracture of single crystal zinc samples oriented in different directions has been measured. It is shown that the highest value of spall strength is recorded along the highly symmetric axis of the crystal. The experimental results presented are consistent with the data published in the scientific literature on beryllium and magnesium and confirm the important role of crystalline anisotropy in the process of inelastic deformation of single crystals.
Experimental observation of nonreciprocal magnonic frequency combs
Authors: Zhao Kaixin , Yang Fan , Wang Chenxiao , Chen Zhijian , Song Jiantao , Ma Shuhuan , Yue Zixuan , Liu Weihao , Sun Liaoxin , Rao Jinwei , Yao Bimu , Lu Wei
Published: January 2025

We demonstrate the nonreciprocal transmission of magnonic frequency combs (MFCs) in a dissipative cavity-magnonic system. We utilize the recently emerged pump-induced magnon (PIM) mode in YIG spheres to generate an MFC, as the PIM mode exhibits excellent nonlinearity under coherent pumping. Meanwhile, the dissipative cavity magnonic device is prepared to critical bound states in the continuum (BIC), providing clear nonreciprocity. Based on the different absorption efficiencies of the device in two opposite directions, we have demonstrated a clear difference in the number of frequency comb teeth for forward and reverse transmission, showcasing the ability to generate unidirectional combs. The nonreciprocal MFCs can be systematically tuned by modulating the detuning of the pump and BIC, the magnon and cavity modes, as well as the pump and perturbation tone. This research promotes the combination of MFCs and functional non-Hermitian cavity-magnon electronic devices, realizing new applications for nonreciprocal magnonic devices.
Highly selective generation of singlet oxygen via peroxymonosulfate activation by Mn–N supported biochar
Authors: Wu Huan , Ji Fangfang , Zhou Bin , Gao Shikun , Zhang Zhe
Published: January 2025

In this study, manganese–nitrogen sites were incorporated into biochar (BC) to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX). Characterization techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and others, confirmed the successful doping of Manganese–Nitrogen (Mn–N) sites into the BC (referred to as MnN@BC). The study revealed that the integration of Mn–N active sites in BC modified the electronic polarization and facilitated electron transfer. It is worth noting that a remarkable synergistic effect (SI = 6.92) was witnessed in the MnN@BC/PMS system. Under optimal conditions, SMX was nearly completely eliminated within 40 minutes. Radical scavenging experiments indicated that Hydroxyl Radical (•OH), Sulfate Radicals (SO4•−), superoxide radicals (O2•−), and singlet oxygen (1O2) all played significant roles in the degradation of SMX. Density functional theory calculations were employed to further investigate the mechanism of enhanced electron transfer of PMS facilitated by the loading of BC on the Mn–N site. Cyclic experiments and characterizations conducted before and after recycling demonstrated that MnN@BC exhibited remarkable stability and reusability. This study probed into the mechanism of PMS activation by transition metal and non-metal dual active sites and offered strategies for more effective and sustainable degradation of pollutants.
Implementation of a data-driven quality improvement program in primary care for patients with coronary heart disease: a mixed methods evaluation of acceptability, satisfaction, barriers and enablers
Authors: Hafiz Nashid , Hyun Karice , Tu Qiang , Knight Andrew , Chow Clara K. , Hespe Charlotte , Briffa Tom , Gallagher Robyn , Reid Christopher M. , Hare David L. , Zwar Nicholas , Woodward Mark , Jan Stephen , Atkins Emily R. , Laba Tracey-Lea , Halcomb Elizabeth , Johnson Tracey , Manandi Deborah , Usherwood Tim , Redfern Julie
Published: January 2025

Background The study aimed to understand the acceptability, satisfaction, uptake, utility and feasibility of a quality improvement (QI) intervention to improve care for coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in Australian primary care practices and identify barriers and enablers, including the impact of COVID-19. Methods Within the QUality improvement for Effectiveness of care for people Living with heart disease (QUEL) study, 26 Australian primary care practices, supported by five Primary Health Networks (PHN) participated in a 1-year QI intervention (November 2019 – November 2020). Data were collected from practices and PHNs staff via surveys and semi-structured interviews. Quantitative and qualitative data were analysed with descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, respectively. Results Feedback was received from 64 participants, including practice team members and PHN staff. Surveys were completed after each of six workshops and at the end of the study. Interviews were conducted with a subgroup of participants (n = 9). Participants reported positive satisfaction with individual QI features such as learning workshops and monthly feedback reports. Overall, the intervention was well-received, with most participants expressing interest in participating in similar programs in the future. COVID-19 and lack of time were identified as common barriers, whereas team collaboration and effective leadership enabled practices’ participation in the QI program. Additionally, 90% of the practices reported COVID-19 effected their participation due to vaccination rollout, telehealth set-up, and continuous operational review shifting their focus from QI. Conclusion Data-driven QI programs in primary care can boost practice staff confidence and foster increased implementation. Barriers and enablers identified can also support other practices in prioritising effective strategies for future implementation.
Facilitators and barriers to adopting a multifaceted chlamydia management intervention in general practice: qualitative findings from Management of Chlamydia Cases in Australia (MoCCA)
Authors: Munari Stephanie C. , Coombe Jacqueline , Bittleston Helen , Temple-Smith Meredith , Fairley Christopher K. , Bateson Deborah , Hellard Margaret , Goller Jane L. , Hocking Jane S. ,   on behalf of the MoCCA Investigators
Published: January 2025

Background Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmissible infections globally and can lead to reproductive complications, including pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility. Interventions to reduce disease burden, including retesting for reinfection, partner management, and early detection of complications, are the focus of the Management of Chlamydia Cases in Australia (MoCCA) study, an implementation and feasibility trial aiming to strengthen chlamydia management in Australian general practice. This study aimed to identify factors influencing participation in and adoption of a multifaceted chlamydia management intervention within the general practice setting. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with general practice staff (n = 13) from clinics (n = 9) participating in the MoCCA study. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis to identify facilitators and barriers to study participation and intervention adoption. Results Participants felt that practice champions, motivated staff and interventions that improved workflow efficiency, integrated with existing processes and improved patient interactions, facilitated participation in, and adoption of, study interventions. A perceived lack of staff engagement related to time constraints, competing priorities, staff retention issues and interventions that were less convenient to use or had reduced patient uptake were identified as barriers to participation. Conclusions Identifying perceived facilitators and barriers to successful implementation of a multifaceted chlamydia intervention enables public health practitioners to better support general practice in the ongoing uptake and use of evidence-based chlamydia management strategies, ultimately aiming to reduce the burden of chlamydia and its complications in Australia.
An improved method of capture and immobilisation for medium to large-size macropods
Authors: Bedoya-Pérez Miguel A. , Lawes Michael J. , Ottley Brett , Barker Stuart , Tarszisz Esther , McMahon Clive R.
Published: January 2025

Context Macropods are very susceptible to stress during capture. Capture methods for macropods fall into two categories: trapping and darting. Trapping by nets or a triggered trap mechanism is commonly used for small macropods. Darting is most often used for large macropods that are more prone to stress and capture myopathy when caught in traps. Aim To describe a modified ‘nylon drop-net’ technique for safely capturing medium to large macropods; and post-capture treatments that reduce stress and the potential for myopathy. Methods We used a drop-net to capture 40 agile wallabies (Notamacropus agilis) (24 females and 16 males), ranging in weight from 6 to 24 kg. For immobilisation, a single dose of intramuscular Diazepam (1 mg/kg) and Richtasol, a multivitamin, was administered to reduce the risk of capture myopathy. The longer-term effects of capture on animal condition were monitored in 34 radio-collared individuals for 2 months. Key results No deaths occurred during or as a result of capture or in the 8 weeks following capture. Conclusions Our modified drop-net and handling/treatment regime provides a cost-effective method for capturing medium and small-sized macropod species with very low risk of mortality or morbidity. Implications Our methods improve the welfare and safety of captured medium-sized macropods.
Codon bias, nucleotide selection, and genome size predict in situ bacterial growth rate and transcription in rewetted soil
Authors: Chuckran Peter F. , Estera-Molina Katerina , Nicolas Alexa M. , Sieradzki Ella T. , Dijkstra Paul , Firestone Mary K. , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Blazewicz Steven J.
Published: January 2025

In soils, the first rain after a prolonged dry period represents a major pulse event impacting soil microbial community function, yet we lack a full understanding of the genomic traits associated with the microbial response to rewetting. Genomic traits such as codon usage bias and genome size have been linked to bacterial growth in soils—however, often through measurements in culture. Here, we used metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with
18
O-water stable isotope probing and metatranscriptomics to track genomic traits associated with growth and transcription of soil microorganisms over one week following rewetting of a grassland soil. We found that codon bias in ribosomal protein genes was the strongest predictor of growth rate. We also found higher growth rates in bacteria with smaller genomes, suggesting that reduced genome size enables a faster response to pulses in soil bacteria. Faster transcriptional upregulation of ribosomal protein genes was associated with high codon bias and increased nucleotide skew. We found that several of these relationships existed within phyla, indicating that these associations between genomic traits and activity could be generalized characteristics of soil bacteria. Finally, we used publicly available metagenomes to assess the distribution of codon bias across a pH gradient and found that microbial communities in higher pH soils—which are often more water limited and pulse driven—have higher codon usage bias in their ribosomal protein genes. Together, these results provide evidence that genomic characteristics affect soil microbial activity during rewetting and pose a potential fitness advantage for soil bacteria where water and nutrient availability are episodic.
State shifts in the deep Critical Zone drive landscape evolution in volcanic terrains
Authors: Karlstrom Leif , Klema Nathaniel , Grant Gordon E. , Finn Carol , Sullivan Pamela L. , Cooley Sarah , Simpson Alex , Fasth Becky , Cashman Katharine , Ferrier Ken , Ball Lyndsay , McKay Daniele
Published: January 2025

Volcanic provinces are among the most active but least well understood landscapes on Earth. Here, we show that the central Cascade arc, USA, exhibits systematic spatial covariation of topography and hydrology that are linked to aging volcanic bedrock, suggesting systematic controls on landscape evolution. At the Cascade crest, a locus of Quaternary volcanism, water circulates deeply through the upper

∼

1 km of crust but transitions to shallow and dominantly horizontal flow as rocks age away from the arc front. We argue that this spatial pattern reflects a temporal state shift in the deep Critical Zone. Chemical weathering at depth, surface particulate deposition, and tectonic forcing drive landscapes away from an initial state with minimal topographic dissection, large vertical hydraulic conductivity, abundant lakes, and muted hydrographs toward a state of deep fluvial dissection, small vertical hydraulic conductivity, few lakes, and flashy hydrographs. This state shift has major implications for regional water resources. Drill hole temperature profiles imply at least

81

km

3

of active groundwater currently stored at the Cascade Range crest, with discharge variability a strong function of bedrock age. Deeply circulating groundwater also impacts volcanism, and Holocene High Cascades eruptions reflect explosive magma–water interactions that increase regional volcanic hazard potential. We propose that a Critical Zone state shift drives volcanic landscape evolution in wet climates and represents a framework for understanding interconnected solid earth dynamics and climate in these terrains.
The effect of lexical complexity on grading of Swedish EFL learners’ texts during high-stakes
exams
Authors: Holmberg Sjöling Christian
Published: January 2025

The present study concerns the effect of lexical complexity on grading of Swedish EFL learners’ texts during
high-stakes exams. A learner corpus consisting of 142 texts graded by expert raters and 175 texts graded by teachers was analysed
to establish if the latter graded in agreement with the former as intended by the Swedish National Agency for Education (SNAE).
Four indices of lexical complexity available in TAALED and TAALES were chosen to explore if this is the case. The method includes
conducting ordinal regression with interactions to determine the effect of the independent variables on grade and if these
variables have the same effect in texts graded by teachers and expert raters. The findings reveal a discrepancy between expert
raters and teachers as they appear to consider lexical complexity to a different extent. It was also found that expert raters and
teachers graded more in agreement during source-based writing tasks compared to independent writing tasks.
CIPM key comparison of viscosity CCM.V-K4
Authors: Trujillo S , Arias R , Cękiel I , Gouveia J M , Zhengdong Z , Fujita Y , Wolf H , Rauch J , Trochta D , Wortman R , Neklyudova A , Furtado A , Mekawy M , AlSulaiman F A
Published: January 2025

Main text

This report describes the fourth CCM key comparison in capillary viscometry among twelve National Metrology Institutes (NMIs), of which, nine NMIs maintain an independent viscosity scale and three NMIs do not maintain an independent viscosity scale. The comparison was carried out between January 8th 2018 and April 30th 2018. Two samples of Newtonian liquids with nominal kinematic viscosities of 170 mm2/s at 20°C, 65 mm2/s at 40°C and 10 mm2/s at 100°C for sample A and 10 000 mm2/s at 10°C 4 600 mm2/s at 20°C and 120 mm2/s at 100°C for sample B. Both samples were prepared by CENAM and provided to each one of the participants NMIs. For each of the samples at three temperatures, a total number of 64 measurements were carried out by the participants. From the values reported for the viscosity measurements, the key comparison reference values (KCRV) for six data sets were calculated. The degrees of equivalence were evaluated by the difference of the reported viscosity value with the KCRV. It was found that 9 measurements (14%) showed a degree of equivalence greater than the estimated uncertainty for the degree of equivalence.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Quantum dot distributed feedback laser grown on silicon with laterally coupled gratings
Authors: Yang Bo , Han Dong , Wei Wenqi , Cui Xiangru , Wang Zihao , Wang Ting , Zhang Jianjun
Published: January 2025

The direct epitaxy of quantum dot (QD) lasers on silicon was considered as holy grail of integrated silicon photonics. With demonstration of various InAs/GaAs QD lasers directly grown on silicon substrates, there are limited research carried on single longitudinal mode lasers on silicon. Here, to avoid any regrowth procedures, distributed feedback (DFB) QD lasers on silicon are fabricated with lateral coupled (LC) gratings via simplified fabrication process. The LC-DFB laser has a maximum laser power of 4.5 mW and threshold current of 80 mA under continuous-wave current mode at room temperature. Under injection current of 110 mA, the side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) reaches 50 dB at room temperature. The RIN of the laser is measured with value of -135dB/Hz with corresponding optical linewidth of 3.5 MHz.
Design of NI HTS solenoid for PSI positron production experiment
Authors: Kosse Jaap , Garcia Rodrigues Henrique , Michlmayr Thomas , Duda Michal , Müller Stephan , Brem André , Sotnikov Dmitry , Sanfilippo Stéphane , Auchmann Bernhard
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the design of a non-insulated (NI) high-temperature superconductor (HTS) 15 T solenoid with a 72 mm warm bore, intended for use in the PSI Positron Production (P^3) experiment. The P^3 experiment, scheduled to start in Q3 2026, aims to demonstrate a high-yield positron source that is relevant in the context of FCC-ee. The coils will be solder-impregnated using techniques developed with a small-bore HTS NI coil stack. This magnet produced a magnetic field of 18 T at 12 K and 2 kA, in a cryogen-free, conduction-cooled setup. Similarly, the P^3 magnet will be conduction-cooled by two cryocoolers. This larger-bore magnet is designed to operate at 15 K with a nominal operating current of 1.2 kA. To ensure the protection of the NI magnet, quench prevention is the preferred strategy. Several potential failure modes are analyzed, including thermal runaway in the event of failures in the current leads, power supply, or cryocoolers. By enhancing the cold mass' heat capacity through the addition of a large lead mass, the stored magnetic energy can be safely dissipated in the cold mass through the electrical path formed by the superconductor and the solder.Mechanical analysis indicates that the hoop, radial and axial stresses are kept below allowable limits.
MECHANICAL AND MICROSTRUCTURAL BEHAVIOR OF ZE41 MAGNESIUM ALLOY REINFORCED WITH INCONEL FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE APPLICATIONS
Authors: R Radhakrishnan , M S STARVIN , R Pandiyarajan
Published: January 2025

Magnesium alloys are known for their lightweight and desirable properties, as they hold significant potential for innovative engineering applications. The present study investigated the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of a magnesium alloy (ZE41) reinforced with Inconel ceramic particulates. The Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites (MMMC) were fabricated using the stir casting method, with varying weight percentages (wt. %) of Inconel (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 wt. %). The microstructural examinations of the MMMC specimens were performed using SEM, SEM+EDS analyses, and Optical Microscopy (OM), which revealed a strong interfacial bond well-defined between the Magnesium matrix and the Inconel particulates. This uniform distribution of reinforcement particulates significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of the composite materials. The tensile tests showed that the Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) improved progressively with up to 8% Inconel reinforcement, achieving a maximum UTS of 202.56 MPa, a 24.47% improvement compared to the base Magnesium alloy. However, the UTS decreased beyond 8% Inconel due to increased brittleness. Hardness tests indicated that the highest hardness value of 76.1 HV was achieved for the composite containing 12 wt.% Inconel, marking an 18.85% increase over the base alloy. Additionally, the wear rate decreased with increasing Inconel reinforcement, demonstrating improved wear resistance. Specifically, the wear rate dropped from 2.58 × 10-7 g/mm at 0% Inconel to 0.84 × 10-7 g/mm at 12% Inconel, showing a 67.44% reduction in wear rate compared to the pure AA6082 matrix. The findings from the present work, indicate the potential of Inconel-reinforced ZE41 composites towards achieving optimized strength and hardness levels for applications requiring high-performance materials. The present research is a contribution to the body of knowledge on the development of magnesium composites and highlights the importance of reinforcement compositions for enhancing their mechanical and microstructural characteristics.
Constraining dark matter models with a light mediator from the CDEX-10 experiment at China Jinping Underground Laboratory*
Authors: Nie 聂 Qi-Yuan 奇缘 , Dai 代 Wen-Han 文翰 , Ma 马 Hao 豪 , Yue 岳 Qian 骞 , Kang 康 Ke-Jun 克军 , Li 李 Yuan-Jing 元景 , An 安 Hai-Peng 海鹏 , Greeshma C. , Chang 常 Jian-Ping 建平 , Chen 陈 Yun-Hua 云华 , Cheng 程 Jian-Ping 建平 , Deng 邓 Zhi 智 , Fang 房 Chang-Hao 昌昊 , Geng 耿 Xin-Ping 新平 , Gong 宫 Hui 辉 , Guo 郭 Tao 涛 , Guo 郭 Xu-Yuan 绪元 , He 何 Li 力 , He 何 Jin-Rong 金荣 , Huang 黄 Han-Xiong 瀚雄 , Huang 黄 Tu-Chen 土琛 , Karmakar S. , Li 李 Jian-Min 荐民 , Li 李 Jin 金 , Li 李 Yu-Lan 玉兰 , Li 李 Hau-Bin 浩斌 , Li 李 Ming-Chuan 名川 , Li 李 Han-Yu 含宇 , Li 李 Qian-Yun 倩沄 , Li 李 Ren-Ming-Jie 任明杰 , Li 李 Xue-Qian 学潜 , Liang 梁 Yi-Fan 艺帆 , Liao 廖 Bin 斌 , Lin 林 Fong-Kay 枫凯 , Lin 林 Shin-Ted 兴德 , Liu 刘 Jia-Xuan 家璇 , Liu 刘 Yan-Dong 言东 , Liu 刘 Yuan-Yuan 圆圆 , Liu 刘 Shu-Kui 书魁 , Liu 刘 Yu 钰 , Pan 潘 Hui 辉 , Qi 祁 Ning-Chun 宁春 , Ren 任 Jie 杰 , Ruan 阮 Xi-Chao 锡超 , Shen 申 Man-Bin 满斌 , Kumar Singh Manoj , Sun 孙 Wen-Liang 文良 , Sun 孙 Tian-Xi 天希 , Tang 唐 Chang-Jian 昌建 , Tian 田 Yang 阳 , Wan 万 Hong-Fei 宏飞 , Wang 王 Jun-Zheng 军正 , Wang 王 Yu-Feng 钰锋 , Wang 王 Guang-Fu 广甫 , Wang 王 Li 力 , Wang 王 Qing 青 , Wong 王 Henry-Tsz-King 子敬 , Wu 吴 Yu-Cheng 玉成 , Xing 幸 Hao-Yang 浩洋 , Xiong 熊 Kai-Zhi 开智 , Xu 徐 Rui 锐 , Xu 徐 Yin 音 , Xue 薛 Tao 涛 , Yan 鄢 Yu-Lu 雨璐 , Yang 杨 Li-Tao 丽桃 , Yi 易 Nan 难 , Yu 喻 Chun-Xu 纯旭 , Yu 于 Hai-Jun 海军 , Yu 于 Xiao 骁 , Zeng 曾 Ming 鸣 , Zeng 曾 Zhi 志 , Zhang 张 Zhen-Hua 振华 , Zhang 张 Zhen-Yu 震宇 , Zhang 张 Peng 鹏 , Zhang 张 Feng-Shou 丰收 , Zhang 张 Lei 磊 , Zhao 赵 Ji-Zhong 纪仲 , Zhao 赵 Kang-Kang 康康 , Zhao 赵 Ming-Gang 明刚 , Zhou 周 Ji-Fang 济芳 , Zhou 周 Zu-Ying 祖英 , Zhu 朱 Jing-Jun 敬军 , (CDEX Collaboration)
Published: January 2025

We search for nuclear recoil signals of dark matter (DM) models with a light mediator using data taken from a p-type point-contact germanium detector of the CDEX-10 experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The 90% confidence level upper limits on the DM-nucleon interaction cross section from 205.4 kg-day exposure data are derived, excluding the new parameter space in 2−3 GeV DM mass when the mediator mass is comparable to or lower than the typical momentum transfer. We further interpret our results to constrain a specific self-interacting DM model with a light mediator coupling to the photon through kinetic mixing and set experimental limits on the model parameter region favored by astrophysical observations.
Meissner state of a superconductor strip in ideal paramagnetic environments
Authors: Genenko Yuri , Rauh Hermann
Published: January 2025

In this Chapter, thin type-II superconductor strips carrying a transport current in the magnetic flux-free Meissner state are considered in the presence of idealized paramagnetic environments, which means open and closed semi-infinite paramagnets of finite constant magnetic permeability. Analytic solutions for the transport current distribution are obtained in the limit of the inifinite permeability. Finally, we consider transport current distributions in a magnetically shielded Josephson junction
Ranked Choice Voting in the Family of Electoral Systems
Authors: Endersby James W , Towle Michael J
Published: January 2025

This chapter places ranked choice voting (RCV) within the context of electoral systems. Preferential voting elections include the alternative vote (AV) for choosing a single winner and the single transferable vote (STV) to select multiple winners. Electoral systems for parliamentary elections in Australia and Ireland provide the rationale and history of these forms of RCV. Plurality or first-past-the-post elections serve as the benchmark for comparisons, and other broad electoral systems such as proportional representation and mixed-member proportional systems are introduced and contrasted with ranked choice. Similar electoral systems with complementary goals are discussed. Cousins to RCV include the supplementary vote, approval voting, cumulative voting, and the Borda count. Examples are introduced and compared to preferential systems. The philosophical origins of STV and RCV from Thomas Hare forward are outlined. RCV may lead to computational paradoxes such as Condorcet cycling and violations of fundamental assumptions such as monotonicity.
The Origins of Distinctively Human Mindreading
Authors: Schulz Armin W
Published: January 2025

This chapter begins by noting that humans stand out from other organisms in their ability to mentalize: they attribute mental states with high degrees of abstractness and complexity, and they do so frequently in situations of major importance. However, their mindreading abilities are also less than fully reliable and are culturally variable. This chapter proposes a novel account to explain these facts. Since human mindreading is cognitively very costly, further cognitive and social tools are needed to make it work efficiently (or at all), even given an evolved psychological machinery for mindreading. The upshot of this is a feedback loop involving mindreading, cultural learning, and sociotechnological development.
Artificial Intelligence, Religion, and Patents
Authors: Schulz Armin W
Published: January 2025

This chapter develops some applications and conclusions of the account sketched in the previous chapters of the book. It begins by summarizing some key results from the discussions of Chapters 4–7 and returns to the questions left open in Chapter 2. It then considers three applications of this account to some issues of contemporary importance: the relationship between distinctively human cognition and increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence, the role of religion in human thought and action, and the relationship between extensive patent regimes and human innovation. Apart from their great contemporary importance, these three applications are useful for clarifying various aspects of the account of distinctively human cognition defended in the rest of the book.
‘You Never Really Know with the British in Zimbabwe’
Authors: Tendi Blessing-Miles
Published: January 2025

This chapter examines what British and some Western diplomats knew about Zimbabwe’s 2017 coup in the period leading up to it. Interviews with American diplomats suggest the American mission was taken aback by some of the dramatic turn of events that resulted in the coup. Despite America having the single largest, and most resourced, Western mission in Harare, crucial intelligence confirming a coup was afoot was supplied by the less significant French mission. The British embassy appears to have been somewhat surprised by the timing of the coup, given that the ambassador and the mission’s head of security were both away on leave when the coup commenced, although one could argue that their absences were designed to give Britain plausible deniability it knew about or was involved in the coup. Finally, the chapter spotlights why Western diplomats in Harare sidestepped the international anti-coup norm in their responses to the overthrow of Robert Mugabe.
Smith–Purcell at Low Beam Energies and Short Wavelengths
Authors: Doucas George
Published: January 2025

The subject matter of this chapter is the emission of Smith–Purcell radiation from low energy (~ < 100 keV) beams and at wavelengths in the near infrared, around 1 micron, which is a wavelength region of interest to the telecommunications industry. Wavelength tuning can be achieved simply by a change in the beam energy. The gratings that will be used in this wavelength band are most likely going to be made of doped silicon. The assumption of perfect grating conductivity is no longer appropriate. Instead, the chapter presents an alternative theoretical approach for the calculation of the expected radiated energy that is based on the radiation emitted from dipoles induced inside the silicon. The validity of this approach will depend critically on the dielectric constant of doped silicon in this frequency range.
Deconstruction of farm machine-related safety interventions: a systematic review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Surendran Aswathi , McSharry Jennifer , Di Domenico Rossella , Meredith David , Meade Oonagh , Malone Sandra , O’Hora Denis
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Agricultural workplaces have a high number of incidents and fatalities, with the majority occurring from machinery use. Farmers’ behaviour plays a critical role in maintaining safety, as improper or unsafe practices often lead to injuries and fatalities. This review categorises interventions targeting farm machine safety, examining both the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used and their reported outcomes to understand how the techniques influence safety practices and outcomes on farms.

Methods

The systematic review is reported in accordance with the Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines. Seven electronic databases were searched for relevant studies published before June 2024, and the quality of included studies was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias assessment tools. Analysis of intervention behavioural components was guided by the behaviour change wheel framework and BCT taxonomy (v1). The findings were synthesised using a narrative review.

Results

Nine studies were included and a total of 21 BCTs were identified. The most frequently coded BCTs were 4.1 (instruction on how to perform the behaviour), 10.8 (incentive [outcome]), and 16.3 (vicarious consequences) (each n = 6). Reported outcomes included reductions in injury rates, improved adoption of safety devices, implementation of safety measures, and positive shifts in safety norms and perceptions. However, due to variations in intervention design and reporting, assessing the direct impact of specific BCTs on these outcomes proved challenging.

Discussion

The use of BCT taxonomy provided a common language for describing intervention components and enabled the standardisation of intervention content analysis. While patterns were observed regarding the commonly used BCTs, their implementation and outcomes, the heterogeneity and limited details provided by studies limited our ability to discern their effectiveness. Providing (i) greater transparency in reporting active intervention components and (ii) clearer connections between components and specific outcomes, will enable enhanced comparisons of future studies, and facilitate a greater understanding of how to support safe machine-related behaviours on farms.
Heterogeneous entity representation for medicinal synergy prediction
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Wen Jun , Yan Mingyuan , Dong Anqi , Gao Shuai , Wang Ren , Chen Can
Published: January 2025

Motivation

Forecasting the synergistic effects of drug combinations facilitates drug discovery and development, especially regarding cancer therapeutics. While numerous computational methods have emerged, most of them fall short in fully modeling the relationships among clinical entities including drugs, cell lines, and diseases, which hampers their ability to generalize to drug combinations involving unseen drugs. These relationships are complex and multidimensional, requiring sophisticated modeling to capture nuanced interplay that can significantly influence therapeutic efficacy.

Results

We present a novel deep hypergraph learning method named Heterogeneous Entity Representation for MEdicinal Synergy (HERMES) prediction to predict the synergistic effects of anti-cancer drugs. Heterogeneous data sources, including drug chemical structures, gene expression profiles, and disease clinical semantics, are integrated into hypergraph neural networks equipped with a gated residual mechanism to enhance high-order relationship modeling. HERMES demonstrates state-of-the-art performance on two benchmark datasets, significantly outperforming existing methods in predicting the synergistic effects of drug combinations, particularly in cases involving unseen drugs.

Availability and implementation

The source code is available at https://github.com/Christina327/HERMES.
Intestinal interstitial fluid isolation provides novel insight into the human host-microbiome interface
Authors: Avery Ellen G , Haag Lea-Maxie , McParland Victoria , Kedziora Sarah M , Zigra Gabriel J , Valdes Daniela S , Kirchner Marieluise , Popp Oliver , Geisberger Sabrina , Nonn Olivia , Karlsen Tine V , N’Diaye Gabriele , Yarritu Alex , Bartolomaeus Hendrik , Bartolomaeus Theda U P , Tagiyeva Nurana A , Wimmer Moritz I , Haase Nadine , Zhang Yiming D , Wilhelm Andreas , Grütz Gerald , Tenstad Olav , Wilck Nicola , Forslund Sofia K , Klopfleisch Robert , Kühl Anja A , Atreya Raja , Kempa Stefan , Mertins Philipp , Siegmund Britta , Wiig Helge , Müller Dominik N
Published: January 2025

Aims

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is composed of distinct sub-regions, which exhibit segment-specific differences in microbial colonization and (patho)physiological characteristics. Gut microbes can be collectively considered as an active endocrine organ. Microbes produce metabolites, which can be taken up by the host and can actively communicate with the immune cells in the gut lamina propria with consequences for cardiovascular health. Variation in bacterial load and composition along the GI tract may influence the mucosal microenvironment and thus be reflected its interstitial fluid (IF). Characterization of the segment-specific microenvironment is challenging and largely unexplored because of lack of available tools.

Methods and results

Here, we developed methods, namely tissue centrifugation and elution, to collect IF from the mucosa of different intestinal segments. These methods were first validated in rats and mice, and the tissue elution method was subsequently translated for use in humans. These new methods allowed us to quantify microbiota-derived metabolites, mucosa-derived cytokines, and proteins at their site-of-action. Quantification of short-chain fatty acids showed enrichment in the colonic IF. Metabolite and cytokine analyses revealed differential abundances within segments, often significantly increased compared to plasma, and proteomics revealed that proteins annotated to the extracellular phase were site-specifically identifiable in IF. Lipopolysaccharide injections in rats showed significantly higher ileal IL-1β levels in IF compared to the systemic circulation, suggesting the potential of local as well as systemic effect.

Conclusion

Collection of IF from defined segments and the direct measurement of mediators at the site-of-action in rodents and humans bypasses the limitations of indirect analysis of faecal samples or serum, providing direct insight into this understudied compartment.
Fear of progression in Chinese patients after cardiac valve replacement: profiles, influencing factors, and mechanisms
Authors: Wu Ying , Wang Xiaohui , Liu Lijuan , Shi Xiwei , Zhu Xiayi , Cao Yanyi , Chen Yiqiong , Cong Li
Published: January 2025

Aims

This study aims to investigate the latent profiles and influencing factors of fear of progression (FoP) among patients following cardiac valve replacement (CVR) and to explore the mechanisms of FoP and its primary influencing factors.

Methods and results

This cross-sectional study included 385 patients who had undergone CVR in Hunan Province, China. Data on FoP, Type D personality, death anxiety, medical coping modes, and family function were collected using appropriate questionnaires. A serial multiple mediation model was utilized to evaluate the multiple effects of family function on FoP. The average FoP score of the patients following CVR was 35.59 ± 8.21, with 191 exhibiting high FoP levels. Family function negatively affected resignation coping mode (β = −0.255, P < 0.001), death anxiety (β = −0.145, P < 0.001), and FoP (β = −0.363, P < 0.001). Resignation coping mode and death anxiety demonstrated a chain mediating role (β = −0.036, P < 0.001) between family function and FoP, accounting for 13.84% of the total indirect effect. Latent profile analysis identified four FoP profiles: a ‘low-risk fear group’ (8.05%), ‘moderate-risk fear group’ (42.33%), ‘high-risk fear group’ (34.54%), and ‘severe-risk fear group’ (15.06%). Patients with high levels of death anxiety, Type D personality, monthly household income <3000 RMB, and adoption of avoidance or resignation coping modes (all P < 0.05) were more likely to be classified into the ‘Severe fear group.’

Conclusion

Patients who have undergone CVR exhibit heterogeneous profiles, with 49.60% showing high and severe FoP. Family members and clinical staff should focus on patients with a high risk of FoP and provide targeted prevention strategies and psychological care according to the characteristics and influencing factors of distinct FoP profiles.
Digest: Whole genomes delimit multiple species of Galapagos giant tortoises
Authors: Taberer Tabitha R
Published: January 2025

Utilizing whole genome sequencing and multiple species delimitation models, Gaughran et al., (2024) show support for up to 13 distinct living Galapagos giant tortoise species, in contrast to the current classification of a single species. This result highlights the potential for rapidly radiating organisms on islands to act as model systems for investigating species boundaries, helping to settle taxonomic debates.
Sea urchin intestinal bacterial communities depend on seaweed diet and contain nitrogen-fixing symbionts
Authors: Bengtsson Mia M , Helgesen Marita , Wang Haitao , Fredriksen Stein , Norderhaug Kjell Magnus
Published: January 2025

Kelp deforestation by sea urchin grazing is a widespread phenomenon globally, with vast consequences for coastal ecosystems. The ability of sea urchins to survive on a kelp diet of poor nutritional quality is not well understood and bacterial communities in the sea urchin intestine may play an important role in digestion. A no-choice feeding experiment was conducted with the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis, offering three different seaweeds as diet, including the kelp Saccharina latissima. Starved sea urchins served as experimental control. Amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene were analyzed from fecal pellets. One dominant symbiont (Psychromonas marina) accounted for 44% of all sequence reads and was especially abundant in the sea urchins fed seaweed diets. The starved and field-captured sea urchins consistently displayed higher diversity than the seaweed-fed sea urchins. Cloning and sequencing of the nifH gene revealed diverse nitrogen fixers. We demonstrate that the sea urchin intestinal microbiome is dynamic, with bacterial communities that are plastic, depending on diet and have the capacity for nitrogen fixation. This reflects the dietary flexibility of these sea urchins, and their intestinal microbiota could be a key component in understanding catastrophic kelp forest grazing events.
On being a female law professor: Dispatches from the frontline—Afterword to the Foreword by Gráinne de Búrca, Rosalind Dixon, and Marcela Prieto
Authors: Shachar Ayelet
Published: January 2025

Weaving data from law and the social sciences with her experience as an international graduate student at Yale Law School and then as a chaired professor who has taught in numerous universities across the globe, the author explores the current moment of backlash against the promotion of the values of equality, diversity, and inclusion. When constitutions are under strain, as they are today in many parts of the world, the rights of women and LGBTQ+ persons are among the first to be targeted and restricted. This Afterword highlights the role of law schools as gatekeepers to the gilded profession of lawyering and their heightened responsibility to guard against the dispossession of rights of women and sexual minorities, which is both a bellwether for and a consequence of today’s era of deepening polarization and democratic backsliding.
Introducing the INSPIRE Framework: Guidelines From Expert Librarians for Search and Selection in HCI Literature
Authors: Tu Joseph , Nacke Lennart , Rogers Katja
Published: January 2025

Formalized literature reviews are crucial in human–computer interaction (HCI) because they synthesize research and identify unsolved problems. However, current practices lack transparency when reporting details of a literature search. This restricts replicability. This paper introduces the INSPIRE framework for HCI research. It focuses on the search stage in literature reviews to support a search that prioritizes transparency and quality-of-fit to a research question. It was developed based on guiding principles for successful searches and precautions advised by librarian experts in HCI (n=8) for search strategies in (primarily systematic) literature reviews. We discuss how their advice aligns with the HCI field and their concerns about computational AI tools assisting or automating these reviews. Based on their advice, the framework outlines pivotal stages in conducting a literature search. These essential stages are: (1) defining research goals, (2) navigating relevant databases and (3) using searching techniques (like divergent and convergent searching) to identify a set of relevant studies. The framework also emphasizes the importance of team involvement, transparent reporting, and a flexible, iterative approach to refining the search terms.