bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in Income within a Cohort over the Later Life Course: Evidence for Income Status Convergence
Authors: Prus Steven G.
Published: November 2010

This paper examines the extent to which an individual's income-status position relative to that of others in the same cohort is maintained over the later life course. Changes in the income status of individuals born between 1924 and 1928 are estimated by means of synthetic cohort methods. Using a series of cross-sectional data files from every fifth Survey of Consumer Finances, starting in 1978, the findings show that, from ages 50 to 64, persons of this birth cohort with early-life socio-economic status advantages (namely high education) improve their absolute and relative income status position vis-à-vis others with status disadvantages. For ages 65 to 74, the economic well-being of individuals with status advantages and disadvantages converge. Since Canada's public pension programs are relatively well developed in terms of comprehensiveness and generosity, they do a good job at countering the effects of status background characteristics on the distribution of income in old age. In the absence of these programs (i.e., up to age 64), the relative position of those with high education and other advantaged groups is strengthened.
Karl Pillemer, Phyllis Moen, Elaine Wethington, and Nina Glasgow (Eds.). Social Integration in the Second Half of Life. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins, 2000.
Authors: Rook Karen
Published: November 2010

Les doubles thèmes d'intégration et d'isolation sont omniprésents dans la littérature portant sur le fonctionnement social et l'adaptation durant l'état adulte avancée. Ce livre examine les fondements théoriques et empiriques de ces images concurrentes de la connexité sociale lors de la moyenne âge et plus tard. Le livre propose que ni l'une ni l'autre image soit exacte ; plutôt, une hétérogénéité considérable existe dans la nature, le degré et les effets sur la santé de l'intégration sociale lors de la deuxième moitié de la vie. Un point cardinal du livre est sa compréhension de cette variabilité et la mise en valeur des transitions majeures de la vie et le changement de rôles qui forment l'intégration sociale à de différents moments durant le cours de la vie. Le livre tente de comprendre la portée de cette recherche en ce qui a trait à l'intervention et la politique sociale ; ceci complète l'étude exhaustive d'un sujet important qui préoccupe les spécialistes en sciences sociales.
Leonard F. Heumann, Marry E. McCall, and Duncan P. Boldy (Eds.). Empowering Frail Elderly People: Opportunities and Impediments in Housing, Health, and Support Service Delivery. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2001.
Authors: Delgado Melvin
Published: November 2010

L'emploi d'un paradigme d'autonomisation s'annonce bien dans le domaine du travail avec les groupes sous-évalués de la société. L'autonomisation est à son plus efficace lorsque ancré dans le contexte socioculturel du groupe ciblé. Le texte révisé de Empowering frail elderly people, tente d'ancré l'autonomisation dans la cohorte des personnes âgées.
A Review of the Comprehensiveness of Provincial Drug Coverage for Canadian Seniors
Authors: Grootendorst Paul , Palfrey Dan , Willison Donald , Hurley Jeremiah
Published: November 2010

Provincial government drug plans are the primary source of insurance for drugs taken by seniors in outpatient settings. The adequacy of this coverage has been called into question, given the increased clinical importance of pharma-ceuticals, shifts in the provision of health care from inpatient to outpatient settings, increased use of restrictive formularies, and reductions in provincial drug subsidies. To assess the adequacy of provincial coverage, we estimated what a typical single senior beneficiary of a provincial drug plan paid out-of-pocket in 1998 on prescription drugs covered by the public program, depending on his/her province of residence, level of drug consumption, and income. We compared provincial coverage for seniors with large drug costs. We also assessed provincial coverage of drugs that were introduced into the Canadian market between 1991 and 1998. The cost of drugs consumed by a senior in a given province and year was estimated by multiplying the average number of prescription drugs consumed by senior drug users by the average per-prescription costs. High drug consumption was defined as twice the average. We used the provincial drug cost sharing rules to estimate the senior's share of the total cost of drugs consumed. Mean out-of-pocket costs range from $42 to $1,302 per year, are lower for lower-income seniors, and increase with drug use, although the charge per drug decreases with the number used. There was up to a 12-fold variation among the provinces in the charges faced by seniors with similar incomes and drug use. All but one province limits costs to seniors with catastrophic drug costs, but there was 21-fold variation in the expenditure limits. The substantial variation in seniors' out-of-pocket drug costs raises questions about the distributive equity of drug subsidies in Canada. Recent evidence on the deleterious health effects of drug charges faced by seniors in Quebec and the fact that seniors in some other provinces face direct charges similar to those faced in Quebec raise the possibility of adverse consequences of drug charges in other provinces.
Disability, Dependence, and Old Age: Problematic Constructions
Authors: Stone Sharon Dale
Published: November 2010

This paper argues that fear of aging can more precisely be recognized as a fear of disability and that fear of disability can be centrally understood as a fear of dependence. Accordingly, we are not likely to see old people being treated as important members of society until we see a change in attitudes towards disability. The argument is developed with reference to a consideration of attitudes toward and treatment of elders and people with disabilities, a consideration of the social construction of dependency, and an examination of statistics on the Canadian population of people with disabilities. The ubiquity of disability across all age groups means that there needs to be a re-conceptualization of disability as part of the human experience.
Projets de retraite et satisfaction conjugale
Authors: Roussy Karine , Lapierre Sylvie , Alain Michel , Bouffard Léandre
Published: November 2010

The purpose of this research was to study the influence of spousal support in the pursuit of retirement goals on retirement satisfaction and marital satisfaction. The 100 retirees had to evaluate the support they received from their spouse for the realization of their personal projects. Regression analyses demonstrated that availability of spousal support, capacity to realize one's projects and spousal support to these projects accounted for 36% of the variance of retirement satisfaction and for 71% of the variance of marital satisfaction. Spousal support in the realization of retirement projects is an important element to consider in the evaluation of retirement and marital satisfaction.
Research Note: Describing Canada's Residential Continuing Care Population through an Analysis of a National Mortality Dataset and a Provincial Hospital Dataset
Authors: Wilson Donna M. , Truman Corrine D.
Published: November 2010

While there are 157,000 designated continuing care (CC) beds in Canada – beds that are only used by a rather distinct group of individuals – no comprehensive description of the CC resident population exists. An analysis of 1974–1997 Statistics Canada mortality data and 1992/93–1996/97 Alberta hospital utilization data was undertaken to provide a description of one segment of this population, those at the end of life. Statistics Canada data indicate that only a small (<3%) proportion of deaths take place each year in CC facilities, with these persons 84.5 years of age on average, and most often female (62.5%), widowed (61.9%), and Canadian born (61.8%). The primary cause of death/diagnosis varied considerably, as it did for CC residents in Alberta who were transferred to acute care hospitals before dying there. The average hospital stay for transferred persons was 14.0 days in length, with these hospitalizations normally characterized by few diagnostic tests or treatments (mean=0.9).
David O. Moberg, (Ed.). Aging and Spirituality: Spiritual Dimensions of Aging Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy. Binghamton, NY: Haworth, 2001.
Authors: Telford Gillian Eades
Published: November 2010

Aging and Spirituality est une vue d'ensemble positive et perspicace de la spiritualité et le vieillissement. Le livre est écrit par des professionnels venant de disciplines variées. Chaque auteur souligne sa discipline et son expertise relative aux liens entre la spiritualité, la santé et le bien-être. Moberg fourni le contexte nécessaire aux quatre sections du livre à partir de la fondation théorique qui relie la spiritualité et le vieillissement au survol de la recherche pertinente et la description des applications pratiques touchant plusieurs cadres de professions variées de soins. Le dernier chapitre est une discussion des implications politiques et des priorités futures. Ce livre est une bonne ressource primaire pour le travail social et les étudiants en sciences infirmières et met en valeur l'importance de la spiritualité lors des soins holistiques des clients.
Examining the Utility of the Saskatchewan Mood Inventory for Individuals with Memory Loss
Authors: Burton Catherine , Crossley Margaret
Published: November 2010

The Saskatchewan Mood Inventory (SMI) is a caregiver-focused assessment and research tool that was designed to enhance understanding of the emotional experiences of individuals with dementia and to identify relationships between level of cognitive impairment and family member ratings of pleasant and unpleasant emotional responses during daily activities. Family members were instructed to use the semi-structured written log to document prospectively the type and intensity of emotion expressed by the individual with dementia, to describe the associated emotion-evoking events or activities, and to monitor and record their own emotional reactions. Twenty-seven family caregivers recruited from Alzheimer support groups used the log consistently during a 2-week monitoring period to document an average of three emotion-evoking events per day. Average emotion ratings were more positive for individuals with moderate levels of dementia than for those with severe cognitive impairment, and caregivers' ratings of their family members' and their own emotional states were positively correlated. The event-reporting procedures produced narrative descriptions of emotion-evoking activities that were subsequently coded for content. Inter-rater reliability estimates were high. Event-category summaries are reported in association with positive, negative, and neutral emotional responses for individuals with moderate and severe levels of dementia. Level of impairment was related both to the relative frequency of positive and negative emotions and to the type of event category reported by caregivers.
Singlehood: Transitions within a Gendered World
Authors: Davies Lorraine
Published: November 2010

This study draws on the life histories of heterosexual childless individuals who have never married, to explore the more subtle ways that age norms affect the subjective experience of singlehood. Specifically, it examines whether or not it is appropriate to speak of transitions in the experience of singlehood. The data clearly reveal the experience of a transition to singlehood. This transition is represented by a change in self-attributed status that occurs over time and is associated with a cultural timetable for marriage. It marks the experience of “becoming single” that occurs when an individual identifies more with singlehood than with marriage. Moreover, I explore the ways in which singlehood is a gendered experience. The results from this study affirm the applicability of life course theory to the lives of single persons and serve to broaden the definition of the concept “transition” to include those not obviously marked by normative events.
Predictors of Bath Grab-Bar Use among Community-Living Older Adults
Authors: Edwards Nancy , Lockett Donna , Aminzadeh Faranak , Nair Rama C.
Published: November 2010

Bathrooms are a common location for falls among older adults. Bath grab bars can assist in promoting safe bath transfers. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of bathroom safety-device use among community-living seniors. A two-stage sampling strategy was used to select, first, a random sample of non-universal apartment buildings and a matched sample of universal buildings, from among non-profit apartment buildings in two Canadian regions; and second, a random sample of participants within each building. A total of 550 seniors participated in face-to-face interviews in their apartments. Participants within each building type presented with similar profiles. A logistic regression was used to identify predictors of grab-bar use among participants who had grab bars and entered the bathtub on a regular basis (n= 478). Significant predictors, in order of odds ratios, were bathing difficulties, ease of grab-bar use, living in buildings with policies supporting universal access to grab bars, having a history of falls, and reporting few psychosocial consequences of grab-bar use. Findings of this study emphasize the importance of promoting access as a key strategy for increasing use and have important implications for policy planning and falls-prevention initiatives.
David Snowdon. Aging with Grace: What the Nun Study Teaches Us about Leading Longer, Healthier, and More Meaningful Lives. New York: Bantam Books, 2001.
Authors: Tuokko Holly
Published: November 2010

Ce livre fait le décompte du développement de l'étude des religieuses (« Nun Study »). Cette recherche a exercé une influence scientifique sur le domaine. L'étude offre le point de vue de David Snowdon qui a débuté cette recherche comme projet pilote en 1986. D'un style familier qui se lie sans difficulté, Snowdon décrit le processus du projet et reflète sur ceux qui ont exercé une influence sur son développement. Parsemé à travers ce texte attirant, Snowdon reconnaît les choses (c.-à.-d. les individus et les événements) qui ont exercé une forte influence sur le développement de la recherche et du chercheur. En racontant le dessous de l'histoire de l'étude, Snowdon décrit les conclusions clés à l'intérieur du contexte des relations qu'il a entretenu avec les School Sisters of Notre Dame. Son récit de cette étude sans pareil est un hommage inspirant et écrit avec sensibilité aux religieuses en question et des collègues qui ont aidé à la réalisation de l'étude. La lecture du livre Aging with Grace est un investissement qui en vaut la peine : du chercheur universitaire expérimenté au jeune chercheur futur au profane qui se demande pourquoi et comment une recherche est entamée.
Differences in Person-Environment Congruence between Microenvironments
Authors: Nehrke Milton F. , Morganti John B. , Cohen Stanley H. , Hulicka Irene M. , Whitbourne Susan K. , Turner Ralph R. , Cataldo Jerry F.
Published: November 2010

In the Person-Environment (P-E) Congruence model, psychological well-being is proposed to be a function of the degree of fit between the perceived environment and the important needs of the individual; and, that in more restricted environments, the relationship is stronger. The present study examined, cross-sectionally and longitudinally, the Congruence levels and well-being of elderly veterans (N = 165) in four microenvironments within a single instutition. Congruence was assessed using the multidimensional Environmental Perception, Preference and Importance Scale (EPPIS). Well-being was measured using the PGC Moral Scale, the Life Satisfaction Index A and a semantic differential self-concept scale. There were significant microenvironment differences on three of the 15 EPPIS dimensions; the P-E Congruence scores were predictive of well-being; and, the specific dimensions predictive of well-being varied across microenvironments, criterion of well-being and time. The data reinforces the notion that treatment programs must be individualized and that the P-E model, operationalized in the EPPIS, may serve as a viable clinical tool.
Evaluation of The Canadian Red Cross Society's Fun and Fitness Program for Seniors
Authors: Myers A.M. , Hamilton N.
Published: November 2010

An ongoing, structured, low-intensity exercise program designed to foster physical, social and cognitive functioning was evaluated in 128 seniors ranging in age from 55 to 101 years. The sample included individuals residing in the general community, seniors' apartment complexes and institutional care facilities. Participation in other exercises was found to increase since joining the program. The program appeared to be providing an opportunity for social interaction among participants, and the exercises appeared to be mentally stimulating. Implications for program modifications, including building in self-monitoring procedures, are discussed.
Exercise Training and the Speed of Self-Selected Walking Pace in Men at Retirement
Authors: Cunningham D. A. , Rechnitzer P. A. , Donner A. P.
Published: November 2010

An intervention trial with regular physical activity was carried out to test the hypothesis that walking speed is related to the level of cardiovascular fitness (maximal oxygen uptake). Earlier research has demonstrated that when VO2max is held constant in a multiple regression analysis the association between walking speed and age (29–65 y) is eliminated. To describe the association between self-selected speeds of walking, and level of cardiovascular fitness, 63 men age 60 to 65 were studied before and after a 1 year program of exercise training. VO2max was determined on a motor driven treadmill. A test of self-selected walking pace was administered over a 240 m indoor course. The men were asked to walk at 3 paces considered by the subjects to be rather slow, normal, and fast, respectively. They were randomly assigned with stratification for white and blue collar occupation to a program of exercise training (n = 33) or control (n = 27). The training program consisted of walking or jogging for 30 min three times per week for one year. After the training program the exercise group increased their VO2max (9.5%) and their normal walking speed (1.29 to 1.43 m.s−1) significantly compared to the controls. A program of exercise endurance training will result in an increase in the speed of self-selected pace.
High Users of Hospital Days
Authors: Shapiro Evelyn , Roos Noralou P.
Published: November 2010

Data from the Manitoba Longitudinal Study on Aging were used to focus on the elderly who used 31 or more hospital days in one year and to see if their high use was an isolated event or a persistent pattern by examining their hospital use over a 6-year period. The relationship of several service-provider characteristics to high use was also examined. The majority (58%) of high users were decedents or those about to enter a nursing home and another 22% used 31 or more days in only one of the six years. Indications are that bed/population ratios and physician practice styles are positively related to the hospitalization utilization patterns of high users. These and other findings raise issues requiring further research.
The Association Between Self-reported Income and Perceived Health Based on the Ontario Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Hirdes John P. , Stephen Brown K. , Forbes William F. , Vigoda Debby S. , Crawford Lawrence
Published: November 2010

An analysis of the data from the Ontario longitudinal study of aging was carried out to investigate the associations between self-reported income and perceived health status, using cross-tabulations and logistic regression models. Reported income, educational level, and smoking status were associated with perceived health status. Reported income was associated with perceived health status independently of the effects of education and smoking. The data also indicate that changes in income are related significantly to changes in perceived health status. A reduced income was associated with a worsening of health and a weak relationship was apparent between increased income and better health. The analyses further suggest that income changes precede health changes. The possible mechanisms through which an income change may lead to health changes are discussed.
Overview of Longitudinal Research on Aging
Authors: Havens Betty
Published: November 2010

Cet article est une courte introduction sur les méthodes de recherche et l'analyse des données longitudinales en gérontologie. On y présente les questions de recherche gérontologique qui exigent une étude longitudinale et démontre que l'utilisation de l'analyse de données secondaires est sur le point de devenir essentielle pour ces études. Ces analyses fournissent la possibilité de maximiser tant les stratégies de recherche longitudinale que les possibilités de recherche. L'importance d'une stabilité administrative et financière en vue de maintenir les bases de données pour les recherches longitudinales est mise en lumière à l'aide d'exemples. L'article comprend également un compte rendu des principales études longitudinales canadiennes sur le vieillissement et de certaines études entreprises à l'étranger. Finalement, on cite bon nombre de sources de données quantitatives et qualitatives.
Arthritis Self-management in Native Populations of British Columbia: An Application of Health Promotion and Participatory Research Principles in Chronic Disease Control
Authors: McGowan Patrick , Green Lawrence W.
Published: November 2010

La promotion de la santé et la recherche participative proposent aux scientifiques un défi fascinant: mettre à la portée de populations difficiles à rejoindre les bénéfices de l'adaptation, de l'implantation et de la diffusion des découvertes et innovations dans les domaines de l'auto-santé et de la constitution des réseaux d'entraide. Cet article présente quelques-unes des forces et faiblesses, de même que certains problèmes et controverses associés à une application de l'approche de promotion de la santé couplée à une recherche participative, auprès de populations autochtones, concernant l'auto-traitement de l'arthrite. Nous explorons aussi comment ces expériences pourraient être appliquées auprès des personnes âgées. Les premiers résultats de notre étude sur l'auto-traitement de l'arthrite dans les populations autochtones illustrent comment une recherche participative peut être implantée dans une population spécifique, et sont intéressants du point de vue des possibilités d'adaptation de ces stratégies de promotion de la santé dans des populations de personnes âgées ou des populations autochtones.
Individual Differences in Attitudes about Elder Abuse: The Elder Abuse Attitude Test (EAAT)
Authors: Stones M. J. , Pittman Diane
Published: November 2010

Cette étude porte sur les différences individuelles dans les attitudes vis-à-vis de l'abus et des mauvais traitements faits aux personnes âgées et d'autres questions de moral sociale contemporaine. La première étude faisait partie d'une enquête de grande envergure dont l'objectif consistait à établir des exemples d'abus et de mauvais traitements faits aux aînés au moyen d'un sondage auprès de 572 personnes âgées et médecins. En utilisant une série de grilles d'analyse de validation de construits, un test unifactoriel d'attitudes vis-à-vis de l'abus et des mauvais traitements faits aux aînés (Elder Abuse Attitude Test – EAAT) a été élaboré pour mesurer les différences individuelles dans l'évaluation des exemples d'abus et de mauvais traitements faits aux personnes âgées. Ce test comportait 13 questions et un taux de cohérence interne de plus de 0,9. La seconde étude comprenait le test unifactoriel d'attitudes vis-à-vis de l'abus et des mauvais traitements faits aux aînés dans un sondage sur les attitudes vis-à-vis de questions sociales plus générales. Les résultats du test, les 31 questions du sondage et des échelles d'attitudes extrêmes et conciliantes ont été analysés dans le cas de 257 répondants. Les corrélations simples et l'analyse factorielle ont révélé un lien entre le test, l'échelle d'attitudes extrêmes et les questions soulignant que société devrait fournir des ressources financières et d'autres types de ressources pour la prévention et le traitement de l'abus à l'égard des enfants, des conjoints et des personnes âgées. Les attitudes extrêmes n'ont pas été corrélées avec quatre autres attitudes. L'article conclut que les personnes susceptibles d'adopter des attitudes extrêmes sont davantage persuadées que la société a la responsabilité d'éliminer les situations d'abus.
Adult Guardianship and Adult Protection Legislation in Canada: Recent Reforms and Future Problems
Authors: Gordon Robert M.
Published: November 2010

L'adoption récente de nouvelles lois régissant la tutelle des adultes en Colombie-Britannique, en Ontario, au Manitoba et dans les Territoires du Nord-Ouest signale l'arrivée de la troisième vague de réforme des lois de tutelle au Canada depuis le milieu des années 70. La première vague est venue d'Alberta sous la forme de la Loi sur les adultes dépendants, laquelle fut en partie appliquée en Saskatchewan. La deuxième vague n'a touché que les Maritimes et a pris la forme d'une nouvelle loi pour la protection des adultes visant principalement (mais non uniquement) les cas d'abus ou de mauvais traitement faits aux personnes âgées. La troisième vague de réformes implique, entre autres, l'adoption des statute de tutelle des adultes à usage multiple incluant des dispositions pour la protection des adultes. Cet article examine certains des problèmes pouvant surgir, notamment de la fusion intenable de la tutelle et des mesures de protection, d'une dépendence excessive des services de represéntation qui sont vulnérables sur le plan fiscal et pouvant être très coûteux, ainsi que d'un accroissement de cas d'abus et de mauvais traitements découlant du retrait des diverses sauvegardes «paternalistes».
L'analyse des dossiers judiciaires du Nouveau-Brunswick en matière de protection des personnes âgées
Authors: Poirier Donald
Published: November 2010

Elder abuse is a social phenomenon which has recently been brought to light. As such it has brought about different legal responses in the Canadian provinces. The Atlantic provinces have all enacted Adult protection legislation modelled on child protection legislation. The author has undertaken a study of New Brunswick legislation in order to evaluate which factors are most important when judges order protective measures. Different materials have been analysed such as New Brunswick court files from 1983 to 1989, cases which have never gone to court collected by nurses and social workers, interviews with social workers, and the normal practice of New Brunswick judges and crown prosecutors. From those data, it was found that two different factors play an important role in the administration of Adult protection legislation. First, the legal representation of the elderly person is the most significant factor influencing the outcome of the case. The other important factor is the legal philosophy espoused by the relevant judges. Judges adopting a liberal philosophy are more critical of that legislation as compared with judges who accept the social intervention philosophy which forms the basis of this legislation.
International Comparisons of Long-Term Care: Canada, with Specific Reference to Manitoba
Authors: Havens Betty , Bray David
Published: November 2010

Les soins de longue durée au Canada sont donnés dans un contexte d'assurance publique universelle de soins médicaux. Le gouvernement fédéral établit des normes minimales en matière de soins de santé sur lesquelles il fonde sa part de financement des programmes de soins qui sont, par contre, administrés par les provinces. Les exemples cités sont tirés de situations prévalent au Manitoba. Bien que le taux de dépendence général diminue en raison du ralentissement de la croissance du nombre de personnes de moins de 17 ans, le pourcentage de la population âgée de plus de 65 ans continue de s'élever. Selon les projections démographiques, d'ici l'an 2031, le quart de la population aura franchi la barrière des 65 ans. Les coûts de soins de santé ont doublé de 1981 à 1990, tant au Manitoba que dans l'ensemble du Canada. La réaction politique à la croissance soutenue des coûts de prestation de soins de santé à une population vieillissante a été la recherche de nouvelles méthodes de prestation. Plus précisément, le rapport entre le nombre de lits de soins de longue durée et la population a été réduit, et les auteurs prévoient que le recours aux soins communautaires continuera d'augmenter.
Robert Kastenbaum. Defining Acts: Aging as Drama. New York: Baywood, 1994.
Authors: Gamache L.B.
Published: November 2010

Ce livre se veut un exposé sur l'âge et le vieillissement et sur les relations au sein des générations qui vivent le vieillissement et font face à la mort. L'ensemble semble se présente sous forme de textes de dramaturgic simples accompagnés de commentaires. Le livre comprent un prologue, des commentaires, les textes et un épilogue. Les textes de dramaturgie occupent l'espace principal du livre; toutefois, les autres sections expliquent au lecteur les intentions de l'auteur et soulignent leur utilité en tant qu'instrument éducatif gérontologique ou thanatologique ou exercice psychodramatique. Les textes se concentrent sur des types représentatifs et leurs relations comme personnages plutôt que sur une intrigue. Règle générale, le vieillissement est présenté comme un processus inévitable se produisant chez tous les sujets. Une amélioration des textes pourrait se faire en étoffant leur puissance suggestive et leur caractère humain pour les utiliser sur scène.
Thomas R. Cole and Mary G. Winkler (eds.). The Oxford Book of Aging. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Authors: Manning Gerald
Published: November 2010

Ce livre regroupe de la prose, des poèmes et des histoires tirés avant tout de la culture occidentale mais aussi d'ailleurs, notamment de la littérature américaine autochtone et afro-américaine. Il vise à favoriser la réflexion sur l'évolution de la pensée sur le vieillissement au cours des 500 dernières années. Le livre contient tout de même plusieurs textes d'auteurs du xxesiècle et les textes sont habilement regroupès sous neuf thèmes. Pour cette raison, il se présente comme une source actuelle de références sur la façon dont les sciences humaines et sociales peuvent enrichir la perception de la gérontologie. De plus, c'est un ouvrage agréable à consulter tout simplement sur plusieurs aspects du vieillissement.
Jaber E. Gubrium. Speaking of Life: Horizons of Meaning for Nursing Home Residents. New York: Aldine de Gruyter, 1993.
Authors: Ross Margaret
Published: November 2010

Dans ce livre, on explore la vie des aînés vivant en centres d'accueil et on analyse la qualité des soins qu'ils reçoivent et de la vie qu'ils mènent, en partant du point de vue des résidents eux-mèmes. Par le biais de la narration de vie, on dévoile l'aspect subjectif de la vie en centre d'acceuil en référence à la totalité de la vie. La première partie du livre illustre de quelle façon les différentes expériences de vie relient les résidents à la qualité de vie et de soins expérimentés en institution. Dans la deuxième partie, on souligne comment des circonstances spéciales produisent des horizons significatifs plus complexes et plus variès et deviennent un lien essentiel avec le présent. La dernière tranche du livre présente des leçons de nature conceptuelle, méthodologique et personnelle. Gubrium présente des perspectives contrastantes sur diverses façons chez les résidents de percevoir leur expérience en centre d'accueil et de conserver un but à leur vie.
Dena Schenk and W. Andrew Achenbaum (eds.). Changing Perceptions of Aging and the Aged. New York: Springer, 1994.
Authors: Gekoski W.
Published: November 2010

Les auteurs de ce livre tentent à la fois de démontrer dans quelle mesure les perceptions des aînés se sont modifiées au cours des dernières annéees ainsi que l'importance des impressions personnelles en tant que donnéees. Ils ont relevé des éléments d'illustration de la diversité des images de l'âge, notament des images positives ou négatives et d'autres indiquant que les êtres se dèfinissent avant tout par leurs traits humains et non par leur âge. La première partie du livre présente cinq textes de réflexions de l'auteur sur son propre vieillissement et ses commentaires sur le vieillissement d'autres sujets. La seconde partie du livre contient neuf chapitres présentant différentes images et perceptions du vieillissement. La dernière section regroupe cinq chapitres et traite des réactions à l'institution dans le temps. Dans l'ensemble, les éléments de ce livre sont intéressants et utiles mais laissent souvent à désirer du point de vue de la qualité et de la cohérence.
Conséquences psychologiques de la retraite en fonction du sexe et du niveau occupationnel antérieur
Authors: de Grâce Gaston-René , Joshi Purushottam , Pelletier René , Beaupré Claudine
Published: November 2010

This research, taking into account sex and previous occupational level, examines the influence of retirement on three dependent variables: loneliness, depression, and life satisfaction. One hundred and six men and women, aged 65 and receiving governmental pensions (Régie des rentes du Québec) completed on two occasions (with a one year interval) the Échelle de solitude de l'Université Laval, the Questionnaire de dépression de Beck and the Échelle de satisfaction de vie. The resulte indicate that there is no significant difference between Time 1 and Time 2 of evaluation on the three questionnaires (temporal view). However, from a cross-sectional perspective, newly retired men and professionals may be more lonely, less satisfied with their life and more depressed. The results are discussed in the light of Atchley's (1976b) model.
L'aide à domicile aux personnes âgées dépendantes de la région de Montréal: analyse secondaire de l'enquête ESLA, 1986–1987
Authors: Thouez Jean-Pierre , Bussière Yves , Chicoine Nathalie , Laroche Pierre , Pampalon Robert
Published: November 2010

Secondary analysis of data from the Health and Activity Limitations Survey (HALS) in the metropolitan Montreal area shows that 3.5 out of 10 elderly persons living in a household had a disability. In this descriptive research, we locate the dependency level according to the attributes of the elderly and of their residence. Approximately three out of four elderly with a disability receive help and one out of three are assessed as needing more help. Assistance varies with the person who helps. The family mostly helps for everyday activities, friends for shopping, and private or governmental services for personal care and household tasks. Assistance varies also with the marital status of the elderly person. Finally, the presence of special devices is associated with type of housing.
Pretherapy Training for Group Cognitive Therapy with Depressed Older Adults
Authors: Latour David , Cappeliez Philippe
Published: November 2010

Cette étude portait sur l'utilité d'une procédure de préparation à la thérapie cognitive en groupe pour des personnes âgées souffrant de dépression. Vingt-neuf sujets furent assignés aléatoirement soit à une condition de préthérapie expérimentale, soit à une condition contrôle. Les sujets âgés de 65 ans ou plus présentaient un score d'au moins 14 au Questionnaire de Dépression de Beck ou à l'Échelle de Dépression Gériatrique, et Us n'avaient jamais eu d'expérience de la psychothérapie. La procédure de préthérapie fut élaborée à partir de la théorie socio-cognitive de Bandura et elle impliquait la persuasion verbale, l'expérience vicariante, ainsi que l'accomplissement de comportements. La préthérapie a amélioré la connaissance des sujets concernant la psychothérapie et elle a favorisé le développement d'une attitude centrée sur le problème pendant la thérapie. Toutefois le taux des abandons, la fidélité de la participation aux sessions, les attentes de rôle, et l'issue de la thérapie cognitive n'ont pas été influencés de manière significative par la préthérapie. Prenant en considération l'ensemble des sujets des deux conditions, 53.7 pour cent des sujets ont manifesté une amélioration cliniquement significative à la fin de l'intervention. Les implications pour la recherche et la pratique clinique font l'objet de la discussion.
Michael J. Holosko and Marvin D. Feit (eds.). Social Work Practice with the Elderly. Toronto: Canadian Scholar's Press, 1991, pp. 308.
Authors: McDonald Lynn
Published: November 2010

Cet ouvrage récemment publié vient s'ajouter à la série intitulée Canadian Scholar's Press Social Work Practice Series. Son objectif consiste à «soulever et discuter diverses questions courantes relatives à l'intervention de travailleurs sociaux oeuvrant auprès des aînés dans divers contextes» (p. vii). Le livre compte trois sections; la première porte sur des questions de pratique générique qu'on trouve dans tous les milieux d'intervention (six chapitres). La deuxième section (neuf chapitres) présente un aperçu de pratiques au sein de neufsecteurs de services de santé et sociaux. La dernière section comprend un chapitre abordant les réalités futures de la pratique, souligne les défis à venir et les nouveaux horizons de la profession. Les chapitres ont été rédigés par des auteurs américains et canadiens; les neuf chapitres consacrés à la pratique sont écritspar et à l'intention des intervenants oeuvrant directement auprés de la clientèle et ce, dans un langage rafraîchissant qui souligne les éléments pertinents au travail social. Même si le livre présente les lacunes habituelles associées à un ouvrage compilé, notamment un manque d'intégration et d'uniformité, l'absence complète de réference aux différences sociodémographiques etpolitiques entre les deux pays constitue sa principale faiblesse. Il offre, par contre, une description éclairée de la pratique directe. Dans l'ensemble, le livre constitue un choix judicieux comme texte complémentaire dans le cadre d'un coursportant sur la pratique du travail social.
The Relative Effects of Actual and Experienced Autonomy on Motivation in Nursing Home Residents
Authors: O'Connor Brian P. , Vallerand Robert J.
Published: November 2010

Récemment, la théorie de l'autodétermination (Deci & Ryan, 1985a) a été utilisée pour expliquer la motivation dans le comportement quotidien des personnes âgées (Vallerand 'Connor, 1989). Selon cette théorie un des principaux facteurs déterminants de la motivation est le degré d'autodétermination offert par l'environnement. Il peut donc être proposé que lorsqu'il y a des occasions propices à l'autonomie ceci peut affecter les perceptions d'autodétermination de la personne qui, subséquemment, peut influer sur la motivation. On a vérifié cette hypothèse auprès de 129 personnes résidant dans 11 centres d'accueil. Dans les deux cas on a constaté que les occasions propices à l'autodétermination et les perceptions d'autodétermination étaient toutes deux reliées aux styles de motivation. De plus, l'influence de l'environnement sur la motivation était médiatisée par les perceptions d'autodétermination. Les résultats obtenus appuient cette relation causale difficile à prouver jusqu'ici.
Measurement of Activity in the Elderly: The Activities Checklist
Authors: Arbuckle Tannis Y. , Gold Dolores Pushkar , Chaikelson June S. , Lapidus Steven
Published: November 2010

Cette étude a pour but l'évaluation de la fidélité et de la validité du Questionnaire d'activités (Reid & Ziegler, 1981) ainsi que la vérification de son utilité comme prédicteur du fonctionnement cognitif des gens âgés. Les sujets proviennent de deux études longitudinales lors desquelles ils ont été testés à deux reprises espacées d'environ cinq ans. La fidélité test-retest est de .54 pour l'échantillon de 158 sujets et de .43 pour celui de 76 sujets. La validité est démontrée par le changement lié à l'âge vers des activités plus passives et par des corrélations positives avec le niveau de scolarité, l'occupation, la santé et le bien-être. Des versions pondérées des scores d'activité ne s'avèrent pas supérieures aux versions non pondérées pour prédire le fonctionnement cognitif. Les niveaux d'activité prédisent la performance à certaines tâches cognitives. Ces résultats suggèrent que le Questionnaire d'activités est un outil potentiellement utile pour étudier les différences individuelles dans le vieillissement cognitif.
The Interprovincial Migration of Canada's Elderly: 1956–61 and 1971–76
Authors: Northcott Herbert C.
Published: November 2010

This study examines interprovincial migration patterns of elderly and nonelderly Canadians during 1956–61 and 1971–76. The focus of the paper is on the relationships between net migration patterns and changes in the concentration of elderly persons in provincial populations. The data show that elderly and nonelderly net migration patterns are very similar; that is, provinces that attract elderly also tend to attract nonelderly while provinces that lose elderly also tend to lose nonelderly. As a consequence, the impact of elderly migration on the aging of provincial populations is offset by nonelderly migration. Nevertheless, migration patterns do contribute in two ways to the relative concentration of elderly persons in provincial populations. First, elderly net in-migration after eliminating the counterbalancing effects of nonelderly in-migration does contribute modestly to population aging in 1971–76 though not in 1956–61. Second, nonelderly net out-migration contributes to the aging of a province's population in that the out-flow of younger persons increases the relative concentration of the elderly in the remaining population.
The Burden of Care for Families of Elderly Persons with Dementia
Authors: Kraus Arthur S.
Published: November 2010

A survey of 119 elderly persons with dementia was conducted in the Kingston, Ontario area. Among the findings regarding the burden of care for families of such persons are:

1. The proportion of key relatives who said providing the needed care to the subjects had been very difficult was significantly higher for those who have become residents of institutions than those still at home.

2. Objective measures of severity of the subjects' dementia were at particularly high levels for individuals for whom providing care had been difficult, while measures which reflect the physical burden of providing care were not.

3. Among the subjects for whom providing care had been very difficult, extreme behavioural manifestations (e.g., physical violence) were reported for 67 per cent, versus only 1 per cent of remaining subjects.

4. The value system of family providers of care also plays an important role in whether the afflicted person is admitted to an institution.
A Comparison of Adult Attitudes Toward Their Parents' Sexuality and Their Parents' Attitudes
Authors: Poulin Nicole , Mishara Brian L.
Published: November 2010

This study compared the attitudes of adult children toward the sexuality of their older parents with their parent's own attitudes toward sexuality. A 56-item questionnaire was given to 41 family pairs consisting of a parent over age 65 and his or her son or daughter. Questions were based upon previous studies and involved six point Likért ratings. In general, attitudes toward sexuality were positive among parents and their adult children. However, adult children had significantly more positive attitudes than their parents. This difference was primarily due to more positive attitudes toward physical aspects of sexual behaviours. Overall, the disapproval and negative attitudes of adult children reported in previous research were not found in this study. Adult children had positive attitudes, much more positive attitudes than their parents, possibly due to a cohort effect
A Case Control Study of the Risks for Institutionalization of Elderly People in Nova Scotia
Authors: Glazebrook Katherine , Rockwood Kenneth , Stolee Paul , Fisk John , Gray J. M.
Published: November 2010

Few studies of the risks of institutionalization of the elderly have had fully specified models using multivariate analysis, and several studies have examined highly selected populations, making their generalizability uncertain. We set out to examine the risks of institutionalization in elderly people in Nova Scotia. A case-control study, executed as part of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging examined 108 incident institutional cases and 533 community-dwelling elderly controls, using a standardized assessment interview conducted by trained interviewers. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that advancing age, presence of dementia, functional impairment, poor self-rated health, recent hospital admission, and absence of a caregiver were important risks for entry into long term care. Institutions providing long-term care for the elderly need to be able to look after populations with a high prevalence of dementia and functional impairment.
Psychothérapie cognitive et dépression dans l'âge: un modèle d'intervention en psychiatrie gériatrique
Authors: Bizzini Lucio , Myers-Arrazola Lusmila
Published: November 2010

Psychological treatment of depression in the elderly has recently benefited from the development of the cognitive approach. In particular, cognitive psychotherapy seems well adapted to and accepted by older people. In this article, we attempt to show the course of this type of psychotherapy in the case of a 79 year-old depressive woman in our Cognitive Therapy Unit for Elderly. We emphasize the therapeutical setting and the content of the sessions, the techniques used, the changes that occurred, and finally, the therapeutic alliance is described. Although some negative views about psychotherapy with older people are not totally abandoned, thisvignetteis a good illustration of the benefits for the patient and the highly enriching work for the therapist.
The Quality of Life Implications of Health Practices Among Older Adults: Evidence from the 1991 Canadian General Social Survey
Authors: Gillis Kelly J. , Hirdes John P.
Published: November 2010

The health promotion literature for young adults is not generalizable to the elderly, and different outcomes are likely to motivate changes in health practices within the two populations. Main and interactive effects of smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity and physical activity on older Canadians' quality of life are examined with 1991 GSS data. Quality of life is operationalized with psychological well-being and subjective health indicators. Two dichotomous outcomes are used for each dimension, where one outcome is relatively sensitive in detecting impaired quality of life and the other relatively specific. Smoking was consistently associated with negative outcomes, but there was little evidence of adverse effects for alcohol consumption. Physical activity effects were most pronounced comparing sedentary and moderately active individuals. Body mass index showed curvilinear associations with impaired quality of life and interactions with smoking and activity level in separate models.
The Living Arrangements of Older Residents: The Role of Gender, Marital Status, Age, and Family Size
Authors: Connidis Ingrid , Rempel Judith
Published: November 2010

This paper reports findings from a study of 400 community-dwelling persons aged 65 and over. The stratified random sample resides in a city in Ontario, Canada, with a population of 260,000. A profile of their living arrangements is presented and then analysed with respect to respondent characteristics. Each of gender, marital status, and age are related to living arrangements at statistically significant levels, but control analyses indicate that gender is the most salient respondent characteristic. The authors argue that these observed gender differences in living arrangements are a reflection of sex role differences in today's older population. To the extent that these roles change, so too will the living arrangements of men and women. For both the present and future, differences by gender must be taken into account in housing and income policies.