bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Food texture experiences across age groups in 4‐ to 36‐month‐old children in the United States
Authors: Surette Victoria A. , Smith‐Simpson Sarah , Fries Lisa R. , Ross Carolyn F.
Published: November 2021

The question of what to feed becomes a new challenge as an infant reaches the transition to complementary foods. Limited information is available that provides a texture progression map for complementary food introduction. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the relationship between age and food texture experiences (FTE) in young children aged 4–36 months in the United States. A parent‐reported survey was fielded with 328 children categorized into five age groups (AGs): 4–8 months (AG1), 9–12 months (AG2), 13–18 months (AG3), 19–24 months (AG4), and 25–36 months (AG5). The present study analyzed four questions focused on FTE, with statistical analyses including probit and logit models, and analysis of variance. Results showed that all 16 food textures were tried at least once (>50%) by AG3. The question answered by participants, “How well does your child manage a specific texture,” showed that significant differences existed among AGs for the management of 10 food textures (including chewy, hard, soft), whereas teething alone had no effect. The most refused textures by the children were AG1—crispy (27%), AG2—leafy (23%), AG3—leafy (40%), AG4—tough meat (52%), and AG5—leafy (51%). With increasing AG, the refusal probability of nine food textures, including chewy, leafy, and rubbery, also increased (p < .05). The refusal probability of cold food temperatures decreased with increasing age (p < .05). This study observed FTE in children across AGs and provides useful information to parents and practitioners as they introduce food textures into children's diets.
Transposable elements mark a repeat‐rich region associated with migratory phenotypes of willow warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus)
Authors: Caballero‐López Violeta , Lundberg Max , Sokolovskis Kristaps , Bensch Staffan
Published: November 2021

The genetic basis of bird migration has been the focus of several studies. Two willow warbler subspecies (Phylloscopus trochilus trochilusandPhylloscopus trochilus acredula) follow different migratory routes to wintering grounds in Africa. Their breeding populations overlap in contact areas or “migratory divides” located in central Scandinavia and in eastern Poland. Earlier analyses demonstrated that the genetic differences between these two migratory phenotypes are few and cluster on chromosomes 1 and 5. In addition, an amplified fragment length polymorphism‐derived biallelic marker (known as WW2) presents steep clines across both migratory divides but failed to be mapped in the genome. Here, we characterize the WW2 marker and describe its two variants (WW2 ancestral and WW2 derived) as portions of long terminal repeat retrotransposons originating from an ancient infection by an endogenous retrovirus. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction techniques to quantify copy numbers of the WW2 derived variant in the two subspecies and their hybrids. This, together with genome analyses revealed that WW2 derived variants are much more abundant inP.t.acredulaand appear embedded in a large repeat‐rich region (>12 Mbp), not associated with the divergent regions of chromosomes 1 or 5. However, it might interact with genetic elements controlling migration direction. Testing this hypothesis further will require knowing the exact location of this region, such as by obtaining more complete genome assemblies preferably in combination with techniques like fluorescence in situ hybridization applied to a willow warbler karyotype, and finally to investigate the copy number of this marker in hybrids with known migratory tracks.
Deep learning–based nondestructive evaluation of reinforcement bars using ground‐penetrating radar and electromagnetic induction data
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Liu Hai , Zhou Feng , Chen Zhongchang , Giannakis Iraklis , Slob Evert
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a nondestructive evaluation method based on deep learning using combined ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) and electromagnetic induction (EMI) data for autonomic and accurate estimation of the cover thickness and diameter of reinforcement bars. A real‐time object detection algorithm—You Only Look Once–version 3 (YOLO v3)—is adopted to automatically identify the reinforcement bar reflected signals from radargrams, with which the range of the cover thickness is roughly predicted. Subsequently, EMI data, accompanied with the cover thickness range, are imported to a one‐dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN), pretrained by calibrated EMI and GPR data, to simultaneously estimate the cover thickness and reinforcement bar diameter. Testing with the on‐site GPR data shows that YOLO v3 is superior to Single Shot Multibox Detector method in GPR hyperbolic signal identification. Testing of 1D CNN with the EMI and GPR data collected in an in‐house sand pit experiment shows that the estimation accuracy of the cover thickness and reinforcement bar diameter is, respectively, 96.8% and 90.3% with a permissible error of 1 mm. Further, an experiment with concrete specimens demonstrates that among the 22 estimated values (including the reinforcement bar diameter and cover thickness), there are 17 values accurately estimated, while the inaccurately estimated values have an error up to 2 mm. The experimental results show that the proposed method can autonomically evaluate the reinforcement bar diameter and cover thickness with a high accuracy.
Genetic variation in YIGE1 contributes to ear length and grain yield in maize
Authors: Luo Yun , Zhang Mingliang , Liu Yu , Liu Jie , Li Wenqiang , Chen Gengshen , Peng Yong , Jin Min , Wei Wenjie , Jian Liumei , Yan Jin , Fernie Alisdair R. , Yan Jianbing
Published: November 2021

Ear length (EL), which is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTLs), is an important component of grain yield and as such is a key target trait in maize breeding. However, very few EL QTLs have been cloned, and their molecular mechanisms are largely unknown.

Here, using a genome wide association study (GWAS), we identified a QTL, YIGE1, which encodes an unknown protein that regulates EL by affecting pistillate floret number. Overexpression of YIGE1 increased female inflorescence meristem (IM) size, increased EL and kernel number per row (KNPR), and thus enhanced grain yield. By contrast, CRISPR/Cas9 knockout and Mutator insertion mutant lines of YIGE1 displayed decreased IM size and EL.

A single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) located in the regulatory region of YIGE1 had a large effect on its promoter strength, which positively affected EL by increasing gene expression. Further analysis shows that YIGE1 may be involved in sugar and auxin signal pathways to regulate maize ear development, thus affecting IM activity and floret production in maize inflorescence morphogenesis.

These findings provide new insights into ear development and will ultimately facilitate maize molecular breeding.
Comparison of the effect of using panoramic and cone‐beam computed tomography on the accuracy of root position in indirect digital bracket placement: A retrospective study
Authors: Yilmaz Hakan , Eglenen Merve Nur
Published: November 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare the root position accuracy of the use of panoramic radiography and cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the indirect digital bracket placement.

Methods

Two hundred and eighty‐six maxillary and 300 mandibular teeth of 27 patients who have digital model, panoramic image and CBCT scan were included to the study. Indirect digital bonding was performed by using digital models and panoramic images in Group 1 and by superimposing the CBCT on the digital models with the OrthoAnalyzer™ 2020 (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark) software in Group 2. Angular measurements were calculated with 3‐dimensional superimposition of the positions of the brackets placed with the Gom Inspect 2020 software. In the statistical analysis, One‐way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the Paired t test were used.

Results

Maxillary canines had the highest angular deviation at 5.56°± 4.01° in comparison with the maxillary teeth (P < .001). Mandibular canines and second premolars had the highest angular deviation in the comparison between mandibular teeth (P < .001). Considering the groups of ranges by clinical limits of the deviations, these differences were significant in the angular dimensions with 3.57° ± 2.59° (P < .001). The amount of deviation of all teeth was found 3.57° ± 2.59°in the study.

Conclusions

Using panoramic images or CBCT in the digital bonding had clinical significantly effects on the angular deviation of bracket position. These findings may be taken into consideration when implementing bracket placement in indirect digital bonding. Despite the successful results, indirect digital bonding should not be the single reason to take the CBCT from the patients.
Maternal factors and risk of spontaneous preterm birth due to high ambient temperatures in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Jegasothy Edward , Randall Deborah A. , Ford Jane B. , Nippita Tanya A. , Morgan Geoffrey G.
Published: December 2021

Background

Exposure to high ambient temperatures has been shown to increase the risk of spontaneous preterm birth. Determining which maternal factors increase or decrease this risk will inform climate adaptation strategies.

Objectives

This study aims to assess the risk of spontaneous preterm birth associated with exposure to ambient temperature and differences in this relationship between mothers with different health and demographic characteristics.

Methods

We used quasi‐Poisson distributed lag non‐linear models to estimate the effect of high temperature—measured as the 95th percentile of daily minimum, mean and maximum compared with the median—on risk of spontaneous preterm birth (23–36 weeks of gestation) in pregnant women in New South Wales, Australia. We estimated the cumulative lagged effects of daily temperature and analyses on population subgroups to assess increased or decreased vulnerability to this effect.

Results

Pregnant women (n = 916,678) exposed at the 95th percentile of daily mean temperatures (25ºC) had an increased risk of preterm birth (relative risk 1.14, 95% confidence interval 1.07, 1.21) compared with the median daily mean temperature (17℃). Similar effect sizes were seen for the 95th percentile of minimum and maximum daily temperatures compared with the median. This risk was slightly higher among women with diabetes, hypertension, chronic illness and women who smoked during pregnancy.

Conclusions

Higher temperatures increase the risk of preterm birth and women with pre‐existing health conditions and who smoke during pregnancy are potentially more vulnerable to these effects.
Methylglyoxal induces stress signaling and promotes the germination of maize at low temperature
Authors: Majláth Imre , Éva Csaba , Hamow Kamirán Áron , Kun József , Pál Magda , Rahman Altafur , Palla Balázs , Nagy Zoltán , Gyenesei Attila , Szalai Gabriella , Janda Tibor
Published: December 2021

Maize is sensitive to cold injury, especially during germination. Since cold causes oxidative stress, compounds that promote the accumulation of free radical forms, such as the reactive aldehyde (RA) methylglyoxal (MG), may be suitable to trigger a systemic defense response. In this study, maize seeds were soaked in MG solution for one night at room temperature, before germination test at 13°C. The exogenous MG enhanced the germination and photosynthetic performance of maize at low temperature. Transcriptome analysis, hormonal, and flavonoid profiling indicated MG‐induced changes in photosystem antenna proteins, pigments, late embryogenesis abundant proteins, abscisic acid (ABA) derivatives, chaperons, and certain dihydroflavonols, members of the phenylpropanoid pathway. MG‐response of the two maize cultivars (A654 and Cm174) were somewhat different, but we recorded higher endogenous hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lower nitric oxide (NO) level in at least one of the treated genotypes. These secondary signal molecules may provoke some of the changes in the hormonal, metabolic and gene expression profile. Decreased auxin transport, but increased ABA degradation and cytokinin and jasmonic acid (JA) synthesis, as well as an altered carbohydrate metabolism and transport (amylases, invertases, and SWEET transporters) could have promoted germination of MG‐pretreated seeds. While LEA accumulation could have protected against osmotic stress and catalase expression and production of many antioxidants, like para‐hydroxybenzoic acid (p‐HBA) and anthocyanins may have balanced the oxidative environment for maize germination. Our results showed that MG‐pretreatment could be an effective way to promote cold germination and its effect was more pronounced in the originally cold‐sensitive maize genotype.
Rating expectations can slow aversive reversal learning
Authors: Atlas Lauren Y. , Sandman Christina F. , Phelps Elizabeth A.
Published: November 2021

The process of learning allows organisms to develop predictions about outcomes in the environment, and learning is sensitive to both simple associations and higher order knowledge. However, it is unknown whether consciously attending to expectations shapes the learning process itself. Here, we directly tested whether rating expectations shapes arousal during classical conditioning. Participants performed an aversive learning paradigm wherein one image (CS+) was paired with shock on 50% of trials, while a second image (CS−) was never paired with shock. Halfway through the task, contingencies reversed. One group of participants rated the probability of upcoming shock on each trial, while the other group made no online ratings. We measured skin conductance response (SCR) evoked in response to the CS and used traditional analyses as well as quantitative models of reinforcement learning to test whether rating expectations influenced arousal and aversive reversal learning. Participants who provided online expectancy ratings displayed slower learning based on a hybrid model of adaptive learning and reduced reversal of SCR relative to those who did not rate expectations. Mediation analysis revealed that the effect of associative learning on SCR could be fully explained through its effects on subjective expectancy within the group who provided ratings. This suggests that the act of rating expectations reduces the speed of learning, likely through changes in attention, and that expectations directly influence arousal. Our findings indicate that higher order expectancy judgments can alter associative learning.
Reflective and decisive supervision: The role of participative leadership and team climate in joint decision‐making
Authors: Coffeng Tessa , van Steenbergen Elianne F. , de Vries Femke , Steffens Niklas K. , Ellemers Naomi
Published: November 2021

Supervisory bodies can intervene in organizational practices that may harm society, but their effectiveness to do so depends on their ability to make decisions reflectively and decisively. Are these tendencies incompatible with each other or can they go together? Can empowering leadership (i.e. participative, coaching, informing behaviors) stimulate reflectiveness and decisiveness? A 10‐item Joint Decision‐Making Questionnaire was developed and tested among supervisory officers (N = 87) and supervisory board members (N = 158). Reflectiveness and decisiveness were positively correlated, indicating that these tendencies can be reconciled in joint decision‐making (Study 1). An examination of 44 supervisory teams further revealed that participative leadership relates to more reflectiveness and decisiveness, via cooperative trust and goal commitment (Study 2). Moreover, teams that experienced this team climate prior to COVID‐19 reported that they acted more reflectively and decisively during this crisis (Study 3). Hence, participative leaders can foster reflectiveness and decisiveness, by promoting cooperative trust and goal commitment.
Capacity for social contingency detection continues to develop across adolescence
Authors: Hermans Karlijn S. F. M. , Kirtley Olivia J. , Kasanova Zuzana , Achterhof Robin , Hagemann Noëmi , Hiekkaranta Anu P. , Lecei Aleksandra , Zapata‐Fonseca Leonardo , Lafit Ginette , Fossion Ruben , Froese Tom , Myin‐Germeys Inez
Published: December 2021

The capacity for dynamically coordinating behaviour is assumed to have largely matured in infancy. In adolescence—another sensitive period for social development—the primary focus on individual social cognition as the main driver of interaction has prevented the study of actual social interaction as behavioural coordination within dyads. From a dynamic perspective, however, capturing real‐time social dynamics is essential for the assessment of social interactive processes. In order to improve the understanding of social development during adolescence, we investigated the potential developmental course of social contingency detection in dynamic interactions. Pairs of 205 Belgian adolescents (83 male, 122 female), aged 11–19, engaged in real‐time social interaction via the Perceptual Crossing Experiment (PCE). Comparing early, middle and late adolescents, we found a generally higher performance of late adolescents on behavioural and cognitive measures of social contingency detection, while the reported awareness of the implicitly established social interaction was lower in this group overall. Additionally, late adolescents demonstrated faster improvement of behavioural social coordination throughout the experiment, compared with the other groups. Our results indicate that social interactive processes continue to develop throughout adolescence, which manifests as faster social coordination at the behavioural level. This finding underscores dynamic social interaction within dyads as a new opportunity for identifying altered social development during adolescence.
“A Better Picture ….”
Authors: Schwartz Stephen P.
Published: December 2021

Saul Kripke states in Naming and Necessity that he presents a better picture of the reference of names than the traditional description theory. I answer the question why his picture is better than the traditional description theory.
Luxembourg and Ireland in global financial networks: Analysing the changing structure of European investment funds
Authors: Wójcik Dariusz , Urban Michael , Dörry Sabine
Published: November 2021

Using a unique database on investment funds and the conceptual framework of global financial networks, this paper examines the spatial structure of the European investment fund industry, with particular focus on Luxembourg and Ireland. Grounded in financial and economic geography, the paper shows how these countries became the leading investment fund domiciles through a mixture of structural factors and agency enabling a fast and flexible implementation of the European Directive on the Undertakings for the Collective Investment in Transferable Securities (UCITS) of 1985, and the cultivation of the investment fund industry ever since. In the process, Luxembourg and Ireland have built on and developed their functions as offshore jurisdictions and international financial centres, both sustained by their governments and regulatory agencies. The analysis of the functional structure of investment funds and their networked geography reveals the increasingly dominant position of London as the investment management centre for the industry, and the increasing concentration of control by large asset management firms. Stripped to its basics, the geography of European investment fund networks is about large, mainly US, asset management firms, creating and managing funds in Luxembourg and Ireland, and investing money through London. As such, the rise of European investment funds can be seen as an example of European financial integration through Americanisation. The Luxembourg and Irish investment fund industry are connected mainly through London and New York, and thus function as satellites of the NY–LON axis, rather than a Luxembourg–Dublin axis in international finance. Overall, the paper demonstrates that studying this seemingly arcane industry, and the role of two small countries in it, reveals much about the nature of financial globalisation.
Single-Leg Drop Jump Biomechanics After Ankle or Knee Joint Cooling in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Park Jihong , Song Kyeongtak , Lee Sae Yong
Published: December 2021

Context: It is unclear if lower-extremity joint cooling alters biomechanics during a functional movement. Objective: To investigate the effects of unilateral lower-extremity cryotherapy on movement alterations during a single-leg drop jump. Design: A crossover design. Setting: Laboratory. Patients: Twenty healthy subjects (10 males and 10 females; 23 y, 169 cm, 66 kg). Intervention(s): Subjects completed a single-leg drop jump before and after a 20-minute ankle or knee joint cooling on the right leg, or control (seated without cooling) on 3 separate days. Main Outcome Measures: Time to peak knee flexion, vertical ground reaction force, lower-extremity joint angular velocity (sagittal plane only), and angle and moment (sagittal and frontal planes) in the involved leg over the entire ground contact (GC; from initial contact to jump-off) during the first landing. Time to peak knee flexion was compared using an analysis of variance; the rest of the outcome measures were analyzed using functional analyses of variance (P < .05). Results: Neither joint cooling condition changed the time to peak knee flexion (F2,95 = 0.73, P = .49). Ankle joint cooling reduced vertical ground reaction force (55 N at 4% of GC), knee joint angular velocity (44°/s during 5%–9% of GC), and knee varus moment (181 N·m during 18%–20% of GC). Knee joint cooling resulted in a reduction in knee joint angular velocity (24°/s during 37%–40% of GC) and hip adduction moment (151 N·m during 46%–48% of GC), and an increase in hip joint angular velocity (16°/s during 49%–53% of GC) and plantarflexion angle (1.5° during 11%–29% of GC). Conclusion: Resuming activity immediately after lower-extremity joint cooling does not seem to predispose an individual to injury during landing because altered mechanics are neither overlapping with the injury time period nor of sufficient magnitude to lead to an injury.
Lyophilized, thermostable Spike or RBD immunogenic liposomes induce protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in mice
Authors: Mabrouk Moustafa T. , Chiem Kevin , Rujas Edurne , Huang Wei-Chiao , Jahagirdar Dushyant , Quinn Breandan , Surendran Nair Meera , Nissly Ruth H. , Cavener Victoria S. , Boyle Nina R. , Sornberger Ty A. , Kuchipudi Suresh V. , Ortega Joaquin , Julien Jean-Philippe , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Lovell Jonathan
Published: December 2021

SARS-CoV-2 antigens that are displayed on liposomes and lyophilized are thermostable and protect mice from lethal virus challenge.
Emergence and global spread of
Listeria monocytogenes
main clinical clonal complex
Authors: Moura Alexandra , Lefrancq Noémie , Wirth Thierry , Leclercq Alexandre , Borges Vítor , Gilpin Brent , Dallman Timothy J. , Frey Joachim , Franz Eelco , Nielsen Eva M. , Thomas Juno , Pightling Arthur , Howden Benjamin P. , Tarr Cheryl L. , Gerner-Smidt Peter , Cauchemez Simon , Salje Henrik , Brisse Sylvain , Lecuit Marc ,   Listeria CC1 Study Group
Published: December 2021

Analyses of ~2000 genomes of
Listeria monocytogenes
main clinical clone reveal its global spread and dynamics.
Bird-inspired dynamic grasping and perching in arboreal environments
Authors: Roderick W. R. T. , Cutkosky M. R. , Lentink D.
Published: December 2021

Bird-inspired robotic leg and foot design enables dynamic grasping and perching in arboreal environments.
A Nucleic Acid-Based Orthopoxvirus Vaccine Targeting the Vaccinia Virus L1, A27, B5, and A33 Proteins Protects Rabbits against Lethal Rabbitpox Virus Aerosol Challenge
Authors: Mucker Eric M. , Golden Joseph W. , Hammerbeck Christopher D. , Kishimori Jennifer M. , Royals Michael , Joselyn Mathew D. , Ballantyne John , Nalca Aysegul , Hooper Jay W.
Published: December 2021

The eradication of smallpox and subsequent cessation of vaccination have left a majority of the population susceptible to variola virus or other emerging poxviruses. This is exemplified by human monkeypox, as evidenced by the increase in reported endemic and imported cases over the past decades.
Correlation of the Commercial Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Receptor Binding Domain Antibody Test with the Chemiluminescent Reduction Neutralizing Test and Possible Detection of Antibodies to Emerging Variants
Authors: Morinaga Yoshitomo , Tani Hideki , Terasaki Yasushi , Nomura Satoshi , Kawasuji Hitoshi , Shimada Takahisa , Igarashi Emiko , Saga Yumiko , Yoshida Yoshihiro , Yasukochi Rei , Kaneda Makito , Murai Yushi , Ueno Akitoshi , Miyajima Yuki , Fukui Yasutaka , Nagaoka Kentaro , Ono Chikako , Matsuura Yoshiharu , Fujimura Takashi , Ishida Yoichi , Oishi Kazunori , Yamamoto Yoshihiro
Published: December 2021

This study provides a diagnostic evidence of test validity, which can lead to vaccine efficacy and proof of recovery after COVID-19. It is not easy to know neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 in the clinical laboratory because of technical and biohazard issues.
Dose Optimization of Combined Linezolid and Fosfomycin against
Enterococcus
by Using an
In Vitro
Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Model
Authors: Mao Jun , Li Ting , Zhang Na , Wang Shuaishuai , Li Yaowen , Peng Yu , Liu Huiping , Yang Guang , Yan Yisong , Jiang Lifang , Liu Yanyan , Li Jiabin , Huang Xiaohui
Published: December 2021

In this study, we found that linezolid combined with fosfomycin could kill
Enterococcus in vitro
and that the administered dose was significantly lower after the combination treatment, which could reduce adverse effects and the development of drug resistance. The potential mechanism of the two-drug combination against
Enterococcus
was revealed from a quantitative perspective, which is an important step toward dose optimization in simulated humans.
The anti-anginal ranolazine does not confer beneficial actions against hepatic steatosis in male mice subjected to high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes
Authors: Saed Christina T. , Greenwell Amanda A. , Tabatabaei Dakhili Seyed Amirhossein , Gopal Keshav , Eaton Farah , Ussher John R.
Published: December 2021

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by the accumulation of excess fat in the liver in the absence of alcohol and increases one’s risk for both diabetes and cardiovascular disease (e.g., angina). We have shown that the second-line anti-anginal therapy, ranolazine, mitigates obesity-induced NAFLD, and our aim was to determine whether these actions of ranolazine also extend to NAFLD associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Eight-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a low-fat diet or a high-fat diet for 15 weeks, with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ; 75 mg/kg) administered in the high-fat diet-fed mice at 4 weeks to induce experimental T2D. Mice were treated with either vehicle control or ranolazine during the final 7 weeks (50 mg/kg once daily). We assessed glycemia via monitoring glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance, and pyruvate tolerance, whereas hepatic steatosis was assessed via quantifying triacylglycerol content. We observed that ranolazine did not improve glycemia in mice with experimental T2D, while also having no impact on hepatic triacylglycerol content. Therefore, the salutary actions of ranolazine against NAFLD may be limited to obese individuals but not those who are obese with T2D.
Z lepton flavour violation as a probe for new physics at future $$e^+e^-$$ colliders
Authors: Calibbi Lorenzo , Marcano Xabier , Roy Joydeep
Published: December 2021

In this work we assess the potential of discovering new physics by searching for lepton-flavour-violating (LFV) decays of the Z boson, $$Z\rightarrow \ell _i \ell _j$$

Z
→

ℓ
i

ℓ
j

, at the proposed circular $$e^+e^-$$

e
+

e
-

colliders CEPC and FCC-ee. Both projects plan to run at the Z-pole as a “Tera Z factory”, i.e., collecting $${\mathcal {O}}\left( 10^{12} \right) $$

O

10
12

Z decays. In order to discuss the discovery potential in a model-independent way, we revisit the LFV Z decays in the context of the Standard Model effective field theory and study the indirect constraints from LFV $$\mu $$
μ
and $$\tau $$
τ
decays on the operators that can induce $$Z\rightarrow \ell _i \ell _j$$

Z
→

ℓ
i

ℓ
j

. We find that, while the $$Z\rightarrow \mu e$$

Z
→
μ
e

rates are beyond the expected sensitivities, a Tera Z factory is promising for $$Z\rightarrow \tau \ell $$

Z
→
τ
ℓ

decays, probing New Physics at the same level of future low-energy LFV observables.
Study of cosmogenic activation in copper for rare event search experiments
Authors: She Ze , Zeng Zhi , Ma Hao , Yue Qian , Jing Mingkun , Cheng Jianping , Li Junli , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2021

Rare event search experiments using germanium detectors are performed in underground laboratories to minimize the background induced by cosmic rays. However, the cosmogenic activation of cupreous detector components on the ground generates long half-life radioisotopes and contributes to the background level. We measured cosmogenic activation with 142.50 kg of copper bricks after 504 days of exposure at an altitude of 2469.4 m outside the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL). The specific activities of the cosmogenic nuclides produced in the copper bricks were measured using a low-background germanium gamma-ray spectrometer at CJPL. The production rates at sea level, in units of nuclei/kg/day, were$${18.6 \pm 2.0}$$18.6±2.0for$${^{54}}$$54Mn,$${9.9 \pm 1.3}$$9.9±1.3for$${^{56}}$$56Co,$${48.3 \pm 5.5}$$48.3±5.5for$${^{57}}$$57Co,$${51.8 \pm 2.5}$$51.8±2.5for$${^{58}}$$58Co, and$${39.7 \pm 5.7}$$39.7±5.7for$${^{60}}$$60Co. The measurement will help to constrain cosmogenic background estimation for rare event searches using copper as a detector structure and shielding material. Based on the measured production rates, the impact of the cosmogenic background in cupreous components of germanium detectors on the next generation CDEX-100 experiment was assessed with the expected exposure history above ground.
Were recently reported MHz events planet mass primordial black hole mergers?
Authors: Domènech Guillem
Published: November 2021

A bulk acoustic wave cavity as high frequency gravitational wave antenna has recently detected two rare events at 5.5MHz. Assuming that the detected events are due to gravitational waves, their characteristic strain amplitude lies at about $$h_c\approx 2.5 \times 10^{-16}$$

h
c

≈
2.5
×

10

-
16

. While a cosmological signal is out of the picture due to the large energy carried by the high frequency waves, the signal could be due to the merging of two planet mass primordial black holes ($$\approx 4\times 10^{-4} M_\odot $$

≈
4
×

10

-
4

M
⊙

) inside the Oort cloud at roughly 0.025 pc (5300 AU) away. In this short note, we show that the probability of one such event to occur within this volume per year is around $$1:10^{24}$$

1
:

10
24

, if such Saturn-like mass primordial black holes are $$1\%$$

1
%

of the dark matter. Thus, the detected signal is very unlikely to be due the merger of planet mass primordial black holes. Nevertheless, the stochastic background of saturn mass primordial black holes binaries might be seen by next generation gravitational wave detectors, such as DECIGO and BBO.
Time-covariant Schrödinger equation and invariant decay probability: the $$\Lambda $$-Kantowski–Sachs universe
Authors: Pailas Theodoros , Dimakis Nikolaos , Terzis Petros A. , Christodoulakis Theodosios
Published: December 2021

The system under study is the $$\Lambda $$
Λ
-Kantowski–Sachs universe. Its canonical quantization is provided based on a recently developed method: the singular minisuperspace Lagrangian describing the system, is reduced to a regular (by inserting into the dynamical equations the lapse dictated by the quadratic constraint) possessing an explicit (though arbitrary) time dependence; thus a time-covariant Schrödinger equation arises. Additionally, an invariant (under transformations $$t=f({\tilde{t}})$$

t
=
f
(

t
~

)

) decay probability is defined and thus “observers” which correspond to different gauge choices obtain, by default, the same results. The time of decay for a Gaussian wave packet localized around the point $$a=0$$

a
=
0

(where a the radial scale factor) is calculated to be of the order $$\sim 10^{-42}{-}10^{-41}~\text {s}$$

∼

10

-
42

-

10

-
41

s

. The acquired value is near the end of the Planck era (when comparing to a FLRW universe), during which the quantum effects are most prominent. Some of the results are compared to those obtained by following the well known canonical quantization of cosmological systems, i.e. the solutions of the Wheeler–DeWitt equation.
Cutting rules on a cylinder: a simplified diagrammatic approach to quantum kinetic theory
Authors: Blažek Tomáš , Maták Peter
Published: December 2021

Nonequilibrium quantum field theory is often used to derive an approximation for the evolution of number densities and asymmetries in astroparticle models when a more precise treatment of quantum thermal effects is required. This work presents an alternative framework using the zero-temperature quantum field theory, S-matrix unitarity, and classical Boltzmann equation as starting points leading to a set of rules for calculations of thermal corrections to reaction rates. Statistical factors due to on-shell intermediate states are obtained from the cuts of forward diagrams with multiple spectator lines. It turns out that it is equivalent to cutting closed diagrams on a cylindrical surface.
Kaniadakis holographic dark energy in nonflat universe
Authors: Sharma Umesh Kumar , Dubey Vipin Chandra , Ziaie A. H. , Moradpour H.
Published: November 2021

In this research, we construct Kaniadakis holographic dark energy (KHDE) model within a nonflat Universe by considering the Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) metric with open and closed spatial geometries. The Kaniadakis entropy is indeed a one-parameter generalization of the classical Boltzmann–Gibbs–Shannon entropy which emerges from a coherent and self-consistent relativistic statistical theory. We therefore investigate cosmic evolution by employing the density parameter of the dark energy (DE), the equation-of-state (EoS) parameter and the deceleration parameter (DP). The transition from decelerated to accelerated expanding phase for the KHDE Universe is explained through dynamical behavior of DP. With the classification of matter- and DE-dominated epochs, we find that the Universe thermal history can be defined through the KHDE scenario, and moreover, a phantom regime is experienceable. The model parameters are constrained by applying the newest [Formula: see text] data cases of [Formula: see text] measurements, over the redshift span [Formula: see text], and the distance modulus measurement of the recent Union [Formula: see text] data set of type Ia supernovae. The classical stability of KHDE model has also been addressed.
Intrinsic entropy for generalized quasimetric semilattices
Authors: Castellano Ilaria , Dikranjan Dikran , Freni Domenico , Bruno Anna Giordano , Toller Daniele
Published: November 2021

We introduce the notion of intrinsic semilattice entropy [Formula: see text] in the category [Formula: see text] of generalized quasimetric semilattices and contractive homomorphisms. By using appropriate categories [Formula: see text] and functors [Formula: see text], we find specific known entropies [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] as intrinsic functorial entropies, that is, as [Formula: see text]. These entropies are the intrinsic algebraic entropy, the algebraic and the topological entropies for locally linearly compact vector spaces, the topological entropy for totally disconnected locally compact groups and the algebraic entropy for compactly covered locally compact abelian groups.
Coronas for properly combable spaces
Authors: Engel Alexander , Wulff Christopher
Published: November 2021

This paper is a systematic approach to the construction of coronas (i.e. Higson dominated boundaries at infinity) of combable spaces. We introduce three additional properties for combings: properness, coherence and expandingness. Properness is the condition under which our construction of the corona works. Under the assumption of coherence and expandingness, attaching our corona to a Rips complex construction yields a contractible [Formula: see text]-compact space in which the corona sits as a [Formula: see text]-set. This results in bijectivity of transgression maps, injectivity of the coarse assembly map and surjectivity of the coarse co-assembly map. For groups we get an estimate on the cohomological dimension of the corona in terms of the asymptotic dimension. Furthermore, if the group admits a finite model for its classifying space [Formula: see text], then our constructions yield a [Formula: see text]-structure for the group.
Modeling and Simulation of Magnons Scattering Across Shear Spins in Multilayered Ferromagnetic Slabs
Authors: Ferrah Leila , Bourahla Boualem , Blizak Salah
Published: November 2021

In this work, we introduce a computer model and theoretical approach based on the matching technique to investigate the spin precession and the magnetic properties of an ordered magnetic interface joining two ferromagnetic multilayers of type AB, made of 10 spin slabs, obtained by alternative two spin layers A and B. We simulate, particularly, the coherent magnon transmission through spins’ interface, in multilayered thin films, obtained by shearing a part of the film from the other at an angle of 30∘. The individual and total transmittance of bulk magnons of the thin film, scattering coherently at the shearing interface zone and the localized magnonic spin states, are calculated and analyzed. The transmission and reflection spin modes are derived as elements of a Landauer–Büttiker type scattering matrix. The results highlight the localized spin states on the interface shear domain and their interactions with incident magnons. The evolutions of the magnonic spectra can be presented for arbitrary directions of the incident magnons on the boundary zone, for all accessible frequencies in the propagating bands as well as for the magnetic exchange coupling between each spin A(B) and its adjacent sites and their spin intensity. The results demonstrate the dependence of the magnonic spectra for the perfect multilayered films and at the inhomogeneous domain of the interface shear. The analysis of the spectra illustrates the fluctuations, related to Fano resonances, due to the coupling between travelling magnons and the localized modes in the shear interface domain. The calculated spectra could yield useful information concerning the magnetic parameters of such interface slabs in multilayered films.
A New Theoretical Investigation of the Modified Equal Scalar and Vector Manning–Rosen Plus Quadratic Yukawa Potential Within the Deformed Klein–Gordon and Schrödinger Equations Using the Improved Approximation of the Centrifugal Term and Bopp’s Shift Method in RNCQM and NRNCQM Symmetries
Authors: Maireche Abdelmadjid
Published: November 2021

We employed the elegant tool of Bopp’s shift and standard perturbation theory methods to obtain a new relativistic and nonrelativistic approximate bound state solution of deformed Klein–Gordon DKG and deformed Schrödinger DSE equations using the modified equal vector scalar Manning–Rosen plus quadratic Yukawa potential (MVSMQY-Ps) model. Furthermore, we have employed the improved approximation to the centrifugal term for some selected diatomic molecules such as N2, I2, HCl, CH and LiH in the symmetries of extended quantum mechanics to obtain the approximate solutions. The relativistic shift energy [Formula: see text] and the perturbative nonrelativistic corrections [Formula: see text] appeared as a function of the parameters ([Formula: see text]), the parameters of noncommutativity ([Formula: see text]), in addition to the atomic quantum numbers ([Formula: see text]. In both relativistic and nonrelativistic problems, we show that the corrections on the spectrum energy are smaller than the main energy in the ordinary cases of RQM and NRQM. A straightforward limit of our results to ordinary quantum mechanics shows that the present result under MVSMQAY-Ps is consistent with what is obtained in the literature. In the new symmetries of NCQM, it is not possible to get the exact analytical solutions for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], and can only be solved approximately. We have observed that the DKGE under the MVSMQY-Ps model has a physical behavior similar to the Duffin–Kemmer equation for meson with spin-1; it can describe a dynamic state of a particle with spin-1 in the symmetries of RNCQM. Moreover, we have treated composite systems such as molecules made of [Formula: see text] particles of masses [Formula: see text] in the frame of noncommutative algebra. The NRNCQM and RNCQM results obtained within Bopp’s shift and standard perturbation theory methods overlap entirely with the results obtained by ordinary NCQM, and it displays that the theoretical investigation in this study is excellent.
ASD Children’s APP Emotional Interaction Design Based on Smart Toys of Internet of Things
Authors: Zhang Bingchen , Wang Yanqun , Yang Yuling , Song Lishu
Published: December 2021

Autism is a disorder caused by nerve developmental disorders in childhood. Autism is a serious and widespread developmental disorder, with social disorders, speech development disorders, and poor language communication skills as typical symptoms, accompanied by stereotyped behaviors. With the improvement of our country's material living standards, the frequency of childhood autism is increasing year by year. Therefore, IoT smart toys specially designed for children with autism can meet their needs and help them to carry out rehabilitation education, so that they can obtain more benefits in the process of treatment and nurturing. Smart IoT toys are not only a design that pays attention to details, but also integrates care for children with autism into the design. This article aims to research based on the Internet of Things, starting with the design of toys for children with autism. This article applies the design ideas of smart IoT toys to APP product design, introduces emotional factors into APP products, and stimulates the profound emotional experience of ASD children. Designing products from the emotional perspective and details of smart Internet of things toys and the perspective of ASD children, analyze the emotional design factors of APP, and propose application programs for ASD children according to the design standards and methods of smart Internet of things toys. After studying the status quo of children with autism, it can be concluded that children with autism need special toys suitable for them. IoT smart toys can expand the design ideas of existing children’s educational toys, enrich the toy market, and provide children with more toys that meet their needs. According to the latest statistics from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, from 2010 to 2014, the prevalence of children with autism in the United States rose from 0.0147 to 0.0169, and the prevalence of children with autism aged 0–14 exceeded 200,000. With the improvement of our country's material living standards, the frequency of childhood autism is increasing year by year.
Spread of Online Public Opinion of Animal Epidemic Emergency: A Case Study of the H7N9 Incident Based on Healthcare Data Analytics
Authors: Li Yanling , Shen Xianyi
Published: December 2021

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of online public opinion of the H7N9 animal epidemic incident in 2013 were conducted based on social network analysis (SNA) theories, SNA method, and life cycle theories. Trend and features of evolution of online public opinion of animal epidemic emergency were explored and structural characteristics of key nodes in these public opinion spreading networks were identified. The stages of spreading of public opinion of animal epidemics were investigated. This study provides references for the government to cope with online public opinion of animal epidemic emergencies in the future.
[Retracted] AHP‐Based Analysis Factors Influencing the Construction of a Smart City with Three‐Dimensional Regional Color
Authors: Yang Xiaofei , Ma Lini
Published: November 2021

Urban color is becoming more and more important in the construction of smart cities. This research mainly discusses the influencing factors of AHP‐based 3D regional color smart city construction. From the perspective of city managers, the factors selected in the article that affect the choice of urban color planning are economic development, urban culture, designer’s ideas, customs, and natural environment. We use GIS to comprehensively collect basic geographic information data of the city. We use CityEngine and GIS data to quickly create virtual cities. When constructing the AHP model, once the weight value of each factor in the color‐influencing factors of the entire smart city is obtained, the total ranking of the levels needs to be checked once. After that, the study uses the MATLAB program platform to realize the parametric design of the main color of the city, including the control of the changes in the spatial structure of the main color of the city, followed by the control of the transition and coordination mode between the key elements of the city color. Explorer provides comprehensive and rich 3D digital city roaming browsing, query positioning, analysis, and other functions; supports the loading of multiple data sets from the Internet and local; and can dynamically load massive 3D city simulation models above and below ground. Finally, the design of the urban architectural color or improvement plan is further carried out, and the urban color main color design plan is finally implemented in the implementation of the urban architectural color, which effectively realizes the quantitative control of the urban color. When evaluating smart city color resources, the color weight value of public facilities is 0.147, which accounts for 14.7% of the total weight value. This research helps to enhance the regional and local cultural characteristics.