bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisiting delayed recognition in science: A large-scale and comprehensive study
Authors: Yang Alex J , Zhao Star X , Deng Sanhong
Published: May 2024

Delayed recognition, exemplified by the phenomenon of sleeping beauties, presents a compelling narrative within the dynamics of scientific impact and innovation. Our investigation delves into the nuanced facets of delayed acknowledgement, uncovering its profound implications and innovation pathways. Through the analysis of extensive datasets and advanced methodologies, we elucidate the intricate connections between delayed recognition and the realms of scientific and technological influence. Our study not only reveals correlations between atypical combinations of knowledge and the emergence of sleeping beauties but also sheds light on the relationship between delayed recognition and disruptive paradigm shifts in scientific evolution, suggesting their potential role in shaping scientific breakthroughs. Furthermore, our analysis highlights the journey of delayed recognition, often culminating in significant contributions across diverse fields, including notable achievements, such as Nobel-worthy milestones. This article advances our understanding of scientific evolution and the complex landscape of acknowledging pioneering research.
Safety of synchronous prophylactic ablation of the anterior saphenous vein in patients undergoing great saphenous vein thermal ablation– 6 months follow-up data of the SYNCHRONOUS study
Authors: Dietrich Carmen K , Hirsch Tobias , Hartmann Karsten , Mattausch Thomas , Wenzel Hans-Christian , Zollmann Philipp , Veltman Jürgen , Weiler Thomas K , Lengfellner Guido , Müller Lars , Stücker Markus , Pannier Felizitas , Uhlmann Lorenz , Müller-Christmann Christine
Published: May 2024

Background

The SYNCHRONOUS-study investigates simultaneous ASV-ablation with great saphenous vein (GSV) treatment in endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for preventing varicose vein recurrence. This sub-study examines complication rates associated with prophylactic ASV-ablation.

Methods

Among 1173 patients with refluxing GSV, 604 underwent GSV-ablation only, and 569 received additional ASV-ablation. Complication rates were compared over 6 months.

Results

Approximately 80% of patients were complication-free with minor bruising and dysesthesia being most common complications. After 6 months, additional prophylactic ASV-ablation did not increase the rate of complications compared to GSV-only treatment.

Conclusion

The 6-months follow-up data suggests that prophylactic ASV-closure, alongside GSV-treatment, is safe, with similar complication rates to GSV-only EVLA.
Views of patients with progressive illness and carers about the role of digital advance care planning systems to record and share information: A qualitative study
Authors: Birtwistle Jacqueline , Allsop Matthew J , Bradshaw Andy , Millares Martin Pablo , Sleeman Katherine E , Twiddy Maureen , Evans Catherine J
Published: May 2024

Background:

Digital approaches are being explored internationally to support the elicitation, documentation and sharing of advance care planning information. However, the views and experiences of patients and carers are little understood, impeding the development and impact of digital approaches to strengthen palliative and end-of-life care.

Aim:

To explore perspectives of patients with progressive illness and their carers on digital approaches to advance care planning, anticipated impact from their use and expectations for their future development.

Design:

A qualitative study employing thematic framework analysis of data collected from focus groups and semi-structured interviews.

Setting/participants:

Purposive sample of 29 patients and 15 current or bereaved carers in London and West Yorkshire from hospice settings, non-governmental support and advocacy groups, and care home residents.

Results:

Four generated themes included: 1. ‘ Why haven’t you read what’s wrong with me?’; uncertainty around professionals’ documenting, sharing and use of information; 2. The art of decision-making relies on the art of conversation; 3. The perceived value in having ‘ a say in matters’: control and responsibility; 4. Enabling patient and carer control of their records: ‘ custodianship is key’.

Conclusions:

Lived experiences of information sharing influenced trust and confidence in digital advance care planning systems. Despite scepticism about the extent that care can be delivered in line with their preferences, patients and carers acknowledge digital systems could facilitate care through contemporaneous and accurately documented wishes and preferences. There remains a need to determine how independent patient and public-facing advance care planning resources might be integrated with existing digital health record systems.
Reconstructing the group matrix: In pursuit of balance in the dynamic whole
Authors: Paris Timothy
Published: May 2024

The group analytic concept of the matrix was developed by Foulkes and is constantly being redeveloped by contemporary group analysts. This article outlines the basic structure of the matrix as proposed by Foulkes and how this has been built upon over time. A split between the objective, quantitative biomedical and subjective, qualitative psychosocial approaches is explored. The article attempts to demonstrate the arbitrary distinction between the two positions, as well as to overcome polarization of thought through synthesis and the use of metaphor. Finding balance and mutuality between the two brings the homeostatic function of the organism, brain, mind, and matrix to the foreground. This is complemented through the examination of current neuroscientific research and shows how the two positions enrich and add nuance to our understanding of the matrix as a fluid, ever-changing, and dynamic structure.

This article also explores the relationship between the matrix and the group conductor. This relationship has the potential to offer containment and security for the group and can be harnessed to improve the conductor’s clinical confidence, as well as the clinical care of group members. This is articulated in terms of Gestalt psychology’s ‘figure’ and ‘ground’ as well as psychotherapeutic stances of ‘being’ and ‘doing’. Van der Kleij’s linguistic analogies are elaborated on to explore the concept of the matrix in the total group situation, and how individuals might be able to find structure and meaning in the context of an analytic group. Finally, the author reflects on the process of exploring the group matrix and how this relates to his own development as a psychiatrist and group analyst in training.
CETARS/CAR Practice Guideline on Imaging the Pregnant Trauma Patient
Authors: Qamar Sadia R. , Green Courtney R. , Ghandehari Hournaz , Holmes Signy , Hurley Sean , Khumalo Zonah , Mohammed Mohammed F. , Ziesmann Markus , Jain Venu , Thavanathan Rajiv , Berger Ferco H.
Published: May 2024

Imaging of pregnant patients who sustained trauma often causes fear and confusion among patients, their families, and health care professionals regarding the potential for detrimental effects from radiation exposure to the fetus. Unnecessary delays or potentially harmful avoidance of the justified imaging studies may result from this understandable anxiety. This guideline was developed by the Canadian Emergency, Trauma and Acute Care Radiology Society (CETARS) and the Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) Working Group on Imaging the Pregnant Trauma Patient, informed by a literature review as well as multidisciplinary expert panel opinions and discussions. The working group included academic subspecialty radiologists, a trauma team leader, an emergency physician, and an obstetriciangynaecologist/maternal fetal medicine specialist, who were brought together to provide updated, evidence-based recommendations for the imaging of pregnant trauma patients, including patient safety aspects (eg, radiation and contrast concerns) and counselling, initial imaging in maternal trauma, specific considerations for the use of fluoroscopy, angiography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The guideline strives to achieve clarity and prevent added anxiety in an already stressful situation of injury to a pregnant patient, who should not be imaged differently.
Rail profile optimization of a subway’s sharp curve considering multiple curve sections and metal removal
Authors: Wang Shuguo , Xu Jingmang , Liu Caiwei , Qian Yao , Wang Ping , Wang Pu , Ma Qiantao , Liu Boyi
Published: May 2024

In order to effectively address the engineering problem of optimizing the worn rail profile on subway sharp-radius curves, this paper focuses on the inconsistent wear characteristics of rails on such curves. The contact stress, wheel-rail lateral force, and wear index are taken as objective functions, and key rail profiles at the points of straight-transition, transition-curve, curve-midpoint, circular-transition, and transition-straight are selected. A multi-objective and multi-section optimization scheme based on the optimized limit curve is proposed to design the grinding profile for rails on subway sharp-radius curves. In order to compare its optimization effectiveness, two additional optimization schemes are presented: the second scheme involves multi-section profile optimization with no optimized limit curve as constraints, and the third scheme deals with optimizing a single profile for grinding with equal cross-sections. Through a comparison of the three optimization schemes, the results indicate that all three schemes lead to a reduction in the contact stress, wheel-rail lateral force, and wear index of the outer and inner stock rails after optimization. Scheme 1 shows a more extensive and uniform distribution of wheel-rail contact points, with larger reductions in contact stress and increases in contact area. Scheme 3 only improves contact in severely worn sections, while in less worn sections, the contact distribution becomes concentrated, accelerating wear evolution. Furthermore, in Scheme 1, the cumulative wear after 100,000 and 200,000 cycles is reduced by a maximum of 8.44% and 22.33% compared to before optimization, making it the most effective among the three schemes. Therefore, the optimized profile output by the optimization method proposed in this paper is considered the best solution, which is represented by Scheme 1.
Colonic non-hodgkin lymphoma presenting as splenomegaly splenocolic fistula in person living with HIV: A case report
Authors: Dahra Anurag , Mehdi Zainab , Gupta Monica , Dalal Ashwini K , Aggarwal Phiza
Published: May 2024

Primary colonic lymphoma is an infrequent malignancy among other large bowel malignancies, and the risk of the spread of tumor cells through a spleno-colic fistula is a unique finding and hence noteworthy. We report a case of a 55-year-old man living with HIV on anti-retroviral treatment for 12 years, who presented to the emergency room with complaints of generalized weakness and left-sided abdominal discomfort. Further examination and evaluation revealed massive splenomegaly with a thickened splenic flexure of the colon and spleno-colic fistula. The diagnosis of lymphoma with spread was made following laparotomy and histopathological examination of the colon and spleen.
Heat transfer and flow characteristics of a novel turbulator design in heat exchanger: Experimental and numerical analysis
Authors: Şener Ramazan , Demir M Eşref
Published: May 2024

Turbulators are used in heat exchangers to increase the contact surfaces of fluids and enhance heat transfer rates by promoting turbulence flow. This is particularly important in applications that require high productivity and capabilities. The use of turbulators can lead to maximum energy efficiency, resulting in high efficiency and lower costs. This investigation presents a comprehensive experimental and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach into the influence of turbulator-induced disturbances on heat transfer characteristics in a double pipe heat exchanger. In this study, two innovative turbulators (named TY and TZ) were designed to enhance the performance of heat exchangers. The turbulators are inserted into the inner pipe of the double pipe heat exchanger. According to the experimental and numerical results, compared to the plain pipe condition (without turbulator), it was observed that maximum temperature differences were reached with a 28% increase at velocity of 2.5 m/s with TY and 118% increase at velocity of 3 m/s with TZ. Nusselt numbers increased by 32% with TY and by 157.9% with TZ compared to the plain pipe condition. Therefore, TZ turbulator with a simple structure can significantly enhance the heat transfer performance of double-pipe heat exchangers, making it an ideal option for use in these exchangers.
Optimal designs using generalized estimating equations in cluster randomized crossover and stepped wedge trials
Authors: Liu Jingxia , Li Fan
Published: May 2024

Cluster randomized crossover and stepped wedge cluster randomized trials are two types of longitudinal cluster randomized trials that leverage both the within- and between-cluster comparisons to estimate the treatment effect and are increasingly used in healthcare delivery and implementation science research. While the variance expressions of estimated treatment effect have been previously developed from the method of generalized estimating equations for analyzing cluster randomized crossover trials and stepped wedge cluster randomized trials, little guidance has been provided for optimal designs to ensure maximum efficiency. Here, an optimal design refers to the combination of optimal cluster-period size and optimal number of clusters that provide the smallest variance of the treatment effect estimator or maximum efficiency under a fixed total budget. In this work, we develop optimal designs for multiple-period cluster randomized crossover trials and stepped wedge cluster randomized trials with continuous outcomes, including both closed-cohort and repeated cross-sectional sampling schemes. Local optimal design algorithms are proposed when the correlation parameters in the working correlation structure are known. MaxiMin optimal design algorithms are proposed when the exact values are unavailable, but investigators may specify a range of correlation values. The closed-form formulae of local optimal design and MaxiMin optimal design are derived for multiple-period cluster randomized crossover trials, where the cluster-period size and number of clusters are decimal. The decimal estimates from closed-form formulae can then be used to investigate the performances of integer estimates from local optimal design and MaxiMin optimal design algorithms. One unique contribution from this work, compared to the previous optimal design research, is that we adopt constrained optimization techniques to obtain integer estimates under the MaxiMin optimal design. To assist practical implementation, we also develop four SAS macros to find local optimal designs and MaxiMin optimal designs.
Data-Informed Professional Learning and Instruction in Integrated Tiered Systems
Authors: Buckman Mark Matthew , Oakes Wendy Peia , Lane Kathleen Lynne , James Royer David , Common Eric Alan , Briesch Amy , Allen Grant Edmund
Published: May 2024

There are many integrated Multi-tiered Systems of Support (iMTSS), which we refer to as integrated-tiered systems. These systems hold benefits for students with disabilities, as such systems have the potential to facilitate inclusion and focus the collective expertise of educators committed to meeting students’ multiple needs. The Comprehensive, Integrated Three-Tiered (Ci3T) prevention model was designed to meet student’s academic, behavioral, and social and emotional well-being needs within one integrated system. Using lessons learned over decades of research, we present a step-by-step approach to building educators’ capacity to implement integrated tiered systems through data-informed professional learning. We illustrate how school leaders can use this approach to onboard new faculty, plan coordinated ongoing professional learning for all educators, and facilitate the use of data to inform instruction—all of which are intertwined through the design, implementation, and evaluation of Ci3T models.
Secondhand Smoke and Socio-Demographic Associated Factors: Results From the Vietnam Population-Based Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey in 2022
Authors: Huong Le Thi Thanh , Tuyet Hanh Tran Thi , Hoang Le Tu , Can Phan Van , Nguyen-Tien Thang , Quynh Anh Nguyen , Thu Trang Phan Thi , Huong Nguyen Thi , Hoang Minh Dao Le , Khue Luong Ngoc , Hai Phan Thi , Linh Nguyen Thuy , Anh Duong Tu , Minh Hoang Van
Published: May 2024

Background: Secondhand smoke (SHS) has detrimental effects on community health, including coronary heart diseases, stroke, lung cancer etc. This manuscript exploited data from the Vietnam Population-based Provincial Global Adult Tobacco Survey (PGATS) in 2022 to update the prevalence of adult exposure to SHS and associated socio-demographic factors.

Methods: With the sample size of 71,981 adults aged 15+ throughout 30 provinces and cities in Vietnam, data was collected using the Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) questionnaire. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression modelling were performed.

Results: In the past 30 days, 44.4% (95% CI: 44.0%-44.9%) adults aged 15+ exposed to SHS at home while 23.1% (95% CI: 22.6%-23.6%) exposed to SHS at work. Female exposure to SHS in the past 30 days was higher at homes but lower at indoor workplaces. Participants aged 15-24 were likely to have higher odds of SHS exposure in the past 30 days to other age groups. Those living in the urban areas had 1.15 times higher odds (95% CI: 1.08-1.22) of exposure to SHS than those in the rural areas. Current smokers tended to have 2.2 times higher odds of exposure to SHS at the indoor workplaces compared to non-smokers (95% CI: 2.05-2.37).

Conclusions: The prevalence of exposure to SHS at home was still relatively high amongst the adult population. While there was a significant reduction of SHS exposure at indoor workplaces, there was a higher prevalence of women being exposed to SHS at home. The Government of Vietnam should continue to strictly implement the smoke-free environment resolution at indoor workplaces and appropriate communication campaigns to protect people, especially women from SHS exposure at homes.
Followers, fans, friends, or haters? A typology of the online interactions and relationships between social media influencers and their audiences based on a social capital framework
Authors: Ouvrein Gaëlle
Published: May 2024

Little is known about the characteristics and dynamics within SMI–audience interactions and relationships from the side of SMI. Using interview data from 19 ( N = 19) SMI, this study aims (1) to increase the insights on the development (i.e. predictors and dimensions) and dynamics (i.e. outcomes and feedback loops) of SMI’s social capital and (2) use the social capital framework to develop a typology of different SMI–audience relationships. The resulting typology proposes four types of relationships. The first is the casual follower relationship, characterized by limited intimacy and low-effort contact. Second, the positive fan relationship involves typical fan behavior. These relationships are important for SMI because they offer psychological and commercial gains. Finally, the negative hater and the negative anti-fan relationship were distinguished. Whereas the first is a temporary superficial relationship, the latter has intimacy and reciprocity, which stimulates SMI’s investment. The theoretical and practical implications for SMI and marketing are discussed.
The Tell on Telehealth
Authors: Patel Anup D. , Joshi Charuta , Das Rohit , Stern John M. , Herman Susan T. , Gidal Barry E.
Published: May 2024

Objective:

Telehealth in epilepsy care is not new. During the COVID-19 public health emergency, telehealth became more readily used to deliver epilepsy care. However, a summarized guidance of use in caring for people with epilepsy utilizing telehealth is needed.

Methods:

Existing literature was reviewed to provide guidance on various aspects of telehealth. Billing aspects are reviewed. Recommendations and considerations along with benefits and barriers to telehealth are provided.

Results:

Telehealth can be a preferred delivery route of care for people with epilepsy in specific situations. Examples include psychiatric complaints, medication management, and follow-up visits for noncomplicated epilepsy care. In addition, telehealth is useful for patients who need postoperative visits, are not able to travel, or live in residential facilities. In-person care may be more suitable for patients who are medically complex, have language barriers or difficulty with resource access, hearing impaired, or have neurostimulation devices where remote monitoring or programming options are infeasible.

Discussion:

Telehealth care for people with epilepsy can be a useful and important method of care delivery. It should remain an option for providers to use in epilepsy clinical care. It is important for the neurology provider to understand the benefits, billing, and barriers to providing telehealth.
Speed- and Endurance-Based Classifications of Community Ambulation Post-Stroke Revisited: The Importance of Location in Walking Performance Measurement
Authors: Bansal Kanika , Fox Emily J. , Clark David , Fulk George , Rose Dorian K.
Published: May 2024

Background

Gait speed or 6-minute walk test are frequently used to project community ambulation abilities post-stroke by categorizing individuals as household ambulators, limited, or unlimited community ambulators. However, whether improved clinically-assessed gait outcomes truly translate into enhanced real-world community ambulation remains uncertain.

Objective

This cross-sectional study aimed to examine differences in home and community ambulation between established categories of speed- and endurance-based classification systems of community ambulation post-stroke and compare these with healthy controls.

Methods

Sixty stroke survivors and 18 healthy controls participated. Stroke survivors were categorized into low-speed, medium-speed, or high-speed groups based on speed-based classifications and into low-endurance, medium-endurance, or high-endurance groups based on the endurance-based classification. Home and community steps/day were quantified using Global Positioning System and accelerometer devices over 7 days.

Results

The low-speed groups exhibited fewer home and community steps/day than their medium- and high-speed counterparts ( P  <  .05). The low-endurance group took fewer community steps/day than the high-endurance group ( P  <  .05). Despite vast differences in clinical measures of gait speed and endurance, the medium-speed/endurance groups did not differ in their home and community steps/day from the high-speed/endurance groups, respectively. Stroke survivors took 48% fewer home steps/day and 77% fewer community steps/day than healthy controls.

Conclusions

Clinical classification systems may only distinguish home ambulators from community ambulators, but not between levels of community ambulation, especially beyond certain thresholds of gait speed and endurance. Clinicians should use caution when predicting community ambulation status through clinical measures, due to the limited translation of these classification systems into the real world.
Design Patterns in Mixed Methods Research: Embedding Mixed Methods Matched Comparisons Sampling in Previous Design Decisions
Authors: Schoonenboom Judith
Published: May 2024

Fetters et al.’s (2013) mixed methods integration framework uses construction metaphors: building, connecting, merging, and embedding. In a similar vein, this article uses an architectural metaphor and introduces design patterns as building blocks for mixed methods research design. A design pattern embeds one specific design decision into its preceding design decisions. As an example, I will describe a design pattern for mixed methods matched comparisons sampling. Using one exemplar study, I will demonstrate the pattern’s three design phases. Embedding matched comparisons sampling into its preceding design decisions shows that, to optimize the comparison of subpopulations in the qualitative research strand, the quantitative sample of this design pattern should aim to include almost all members of one small target population.
Impact of a Peer-Led Campus Recreation Program to Improve Student Wellbeing: Exploring Participation Outcomes of the Fitness Buddies Program
Authors: Kirby Jessica Brooke , Lindsay Keston G , Visscher Lindsey E , Townsend Ryland , Stellino Megan B , Kulakowski Emily
Published: May 2024

College students are experiencing substantial mental health challenges including depression, anxiety, and loneliness, while spending less time being physically active and more time sitting with screened devices. Physical activity and social connection with peers can improve psychological wellbeing in college students. This study explored the impact of Fitness Buddies, a peer-led physical activity program, on college students’ (n = 19) psychological wellbeing, basic psychological needs satisfaction in relationships, physical activity behavior, and perceived academic performance. While most relationships between variables were not statistically significant, descriptive analyses showed increases in psychological wellbeing and basic psychological needs satisfaction. Weekly physical activity minutes did not increase. Participants reported increased enjoyment, energy, physical and social competence, and perceived academic engagement and success, as well as decreased stress and anxiety after sessions. Fitness Buddies is an effective, safe, and inclusive program that has potential to expand campus recreation usage and improve students’ perceived wellbeing.
Modeling the relationship between fabric textures and the evoked emotions through different sensory perceptions
Authors: Zeng Fangmeng , Wang Guanghua , Qiao Jie , Wang Qicai , Wu Meiqin , Zeng Xiangsong , Hong Xinghua
Published: May 2024

Texture represents the surface quality of fabrics, which is one of the key factors for textiles design. Fabric texture can be perceived via sensory perceptions, like vision and touching, causing different psychological feelings and emotions. This paper aimed to model the correlation between fabric textures and the evoked emotions through different sensory perceptions. Firstly, 20 subjects were required to make sensory evaluation on 10 fabric samples, rating fabric textures and the induced emotions via visual and visual-tactile perceptions. Then, the differences in sensory evaluation on fabric textures and the evoked emotions were analyzed. The results showed that only by visual perception, the visual effects dominate the evaluation on fabric textures and emotions. Pile fabrics that look warm can induce positive emotions. By visual-tactile perception, the sensation of contact between fabric and skin accounts due to the intervention of tactile perception. Soft and smooth fabrics, like coral fleece and velvet can stimulate positive emotions. Finally, the emotion-fabric textures model for pleasure and arousal was established using stepwise regression analysis. It’s revealed that only by visual perception, cold/warm had a significant positive effect on pleasure, while no textures were found that have a significant impact on arousal. By visual-tactile perception, both hard/soft and rough/smooth had significant positive impact on pleasure, while thick/thin had a significant negative influence on arousal. The present findings can help direct textiles design, production and sales, so as to meet the specific requirements.
Qualitative Significance as First-Class Evidence in the Design and Assessment of Public Policies: The Vital Plan for Social Inclusion in Extremadura, Spain
Authors: Jiménez Borja Rivero , Allen-Perkins Diego , Caballero David Conde , Martín Sergio Rico , Mariano Juárez Lorenzo
Published: May 2024

In recent years, there have been increasing demands for public policy design to be guided by empirical evidence, especially in programmes addressing social inclusion. In this scenario, qualitative approaches are often subordinated to the macro results obtained from quantitative instruments. Based on the results of a mixed-methods RCT research design, this article explores how qualitative research tools might provide qualitative significance – information as valuable as numerical data obtained using standardised scales. This proposal is based on the results of a research project addressing problems associated with barriers to employment and mental health among its participants. The impact of gender-sensitive issues – i.e., the unequal distribution of care responsibilities – or the development of mental health problems such as anxiety are often underestimated in studies based purely on statistical data. Our approach underscores the value of the testimonies and narratives obtained through qualitative tools – e.g., semi-structured interviews and focus groups – and how these can provide first-class evidence for the design and impact assessment of public policies tackling social inclusion.
Effectiveness of video-based and traditional intervention in school on anxiety among primary school children
Authors: Sugiyama Chikaze , Koseki Shunsuke , Kishino Rina
Published: May 2024

Despite widespread remote psychological interventions during the COVID-19 pandemic, the difference between the effectiveness of remote digital and face-to-face methods in school-based intervention programs remains unclear. This study examined the difference between the effectiveness of video and face-to-face based problem-solving training on primary (elementary) school students’ anxiety and cognitive bias. Participants included 125 Grades 5 and 6 students. One group was assigned the video-based intervention, and another group was assigned the face-to-face intervention. The face-to-face group experienced a reduction in levels of anxiety, whereas the video group did not. The main effect of time suggested a reduction in cognitive bias across both groups. Although both groups understood the intervention content, the face-to-face group may have experienced more immediate anxiety-reducing effects.
A National Assessment of Public Health Instructions in Medical Schools of Thailand
Authors: Aung Myo Nyein , Vanapruks Vanich , Sithisarankul Pornchai , Yenbutra Pajaree , Rattanamongkolgul Suthee , Suvarnabhumi Krishna , Wannakrairot Pongsak
Published: May 2024

Epidemiological transition, population ageing, and pandemics posed new challenges to the health system. Current global situation demands many new competencies within the scope of teaching public health in medical schools. The aims of this study were to identify the needs of public health competencies for medical doctors in Thailand and to assess the level of integration for technical collaboration in teaching public health. The national survey of all Thai medical schools applied the list of public health competencies framework recommended by the World Health Organization, Southeast Asia Regional Office (WHO-SEARO). Qualitatively, community representatives from 11 sample villages were interviewed in the focus groups and representatives from stakeholder organizations, particularly employers in the in-depth interviews. Data integration applied recursive mixed-method approach. While the survey identified that health economics, disaster management, leadership, and teamwork are not well addressed in curriculum, employers, and national health authority uttered the need to strengthen the health system sciences and leadership in new generation medical doctors. Almost two third of medical schools could not apply interdisciplinary integration to teach such public health subjects. Furthermore, experiential learning and role play are recommended, in addition to the usual teaching method and multiple-choice questions. Thai communities expect doctors to serve the community, lead the primary healthcare team and train the health professionals and community health volunteers. Therefore, future medical doctors require interdisciplinary competencies. The findings of this study may provide evidence to step forward to a national framework of public health core competencies and interdisciplinary collaborations.
Introduction and Validation of an Ecological Momentary Assessment Methodology to Measure Alcohol Use Among College Students
Authors: Kianersi Sina , Parker Maria , Ludema Christina , Agley Jon , Rosenberg Molly
Published: May 2024

Retrospective alcohol use data are prone to recall bias, a limitation that could be addressed with real-time ecological momentary assessment (EMA) tools. We aimed to (1) introduce a simple (single-click) EMA methodology for collecting real-time alcohol use data, and (2) investigate the EMA methodology’s performance relative to established alcohol use data collection tools. In March–April 2021, we sampled undergraduate students ( n = 84) and collected a week of alcohol use data. Participants entered their real-time drinking start times using our EMA methodology, self-reported their drinking details in daily surveys, and a subsample recorded their breath alcohol concentration (BrAC) using smart breathalyzers. We estimated the accuracy of our EMA methodology in collecting alcohol use data relative to data collected by daily surveys and breathalyzers. Overall, 199 drinking events were recorded with the EMA methodology. Numbers of drinks recorded with the EMA methodology were correlated with self-reported daily surveys ( r = .82, p < .001) and BrAC readings ( r = .69, p < .001). Sensitivity and specificity of the EMA methodology in detecting heavy drinking relative to daily surveys were 82% (95% CI [67%, 92%]) and 97% (95% CI [85%, 100%]), respectively. These were 74% (95% CI: [64%, 83%]) and 92% (95% CI: [85%, 96%]) for binge drinking. Similar results were found when we used breathalyzers as the reference standard test. We developed an EMA methodology for collecting real-time alcohol use data (alcohol drinking start-time, frequency, magnitude, patterns, and pace). Our findings support the utility of our EMA methodology in collecting alcohol use data among college students.
Role of Legal Education in Advancement of Access to Justice: A Panormic Insight
Authors: Sharma Daksha , Kumari Smriti
Published: May 2024

The Indian legal system is founded on the principles of justice, liberty, equality, fraternity, unity and integrity. It highlights the ethical values related to fairness, reasonability, rationality, transparency and accountability, which ensure access to justice as well as ease to justice. The glaring foundations of our legal education are based on the famous adage ‘Yatho Dharma, thatho Jayaha’, which means that where there is righteousness, there will be victory. The idea of justice is a part of our cultural and historical context. Legal education can be a significant tool for achieving a just and equitable society. It is the foundation for creating skilled, socially and morally responsible lawyers, who are prepared to fight for the cause of justice. Quality legal education provides tremendous potential to enhance access to justice by focusing on ethical principles, social justice and imparting practical skills, a transdisciplinary approach and technical competency to the students.

In India, modern clinical legal education started with the five-year integrated law programme which gained popularity in the early twenty-first century. Although the primary objective of starting clinical legal education was to impart practical industry-oriented training to law students, now the recent trend also suggests the inclusion of legal aid programmes and specialized professional training with the directives of the courts to achieve access to justice. The legal aid clinics of prominent law universities, colleges and schools are playing a pivotal role in helping the underserved and marginalized section of society to have access to justice by way of legal aid programmes, awareness workshops and paralegal training. This article will explore the intricate relationship between legal education and societal access to justice and will shed light on the role that a law school ought to play in advancing access to justice. It will also explore several ways in which legal education supports the development of an inclusive, egalitarian, dynamic, progressive, peaceful and just society.
Isolated Cutaneous Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Kmira Zahra , Hajer Ben Ismail , Sana Mokni , Nesrine Ben Sayed , Monia Guermazi , Meriem Tabka , Dorra Chiba , Walid Bouteraa , Monia Zaier , Badreddine Sriha , Yosra Ben Youssef , Haifa Regaieg , Abderrahim Khelif
Published: May 2024

Skin lesions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have been reported in between 4% and 20% of patients with CLL and are a rare entity compared with T-cell leukemia. They can present mainly as leukemic cutis or, frequently, as secondary lesions such like urticaria, itching, pyoderma gangrenosum, cutaneous vasculitis, Sweet’s syndrome, and erythroderma. We report on an adult patient who developed a skin lesion of forearms and hands, leading to the discovery of isolated cutaneous CLL after two biopsies. Isolated CLL cutaneous location is very rare and may be diagnosed late, as in the case of our patient. A better knowledge of the course of the illness and rapid diagnosis of this CLL cutis leukemia will enhance the therapeutic efficacy of the disease.
Survival Against the Odds—Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Amidst the Shadows of Disseminated Histoplasmosis: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Alagha Zakaria , Bills Ean , Al-Hiari Mohammed , Abdeen Abdul Muhsen , Zeid Fuad
Published: May 2024

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) secondary to Histoplasma capsulatum is rare, impacting <1% globally, with a mortality rate of up to 31%. Herein, we present a rare case of HLH secondary to H capsulatum, affecting a 57-year-old female with rheumatoid arthritis. Extensive investigations were unrevealing and despite broad-spectrum antibiotics, her condition worsened, leading to respiratory failure requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support, shock requiring multiple vasopressors, and acute kidney injury (AKI) requiring hemodialysis. Diagnosis confirmed disseminated histoplasmosis (DHP), prompting Amphotericin B and methylprednisolone treatment, resulting in significant improvement and discharge with posaconazole therapy. Secondary HLH, primarily arising from severe infections like DHP, is discussed. Limited research exists on this condition in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-seronegative individuals. Diagnosis involves HLH-2004 and HScore criteria. Managing histoplasmosis-associated HLH remains challenging due to multiorgan failure risks and treatment complexities and needs further research.
Inter-caste/Community Marriages: Contestations and Negotiations in the Family
Authors: Rafiq Shahana , Sen Rukmini
Published: May 2024

In India, caste and religious customs have long guided marriage decisions. Even today, inter-caste and inter-religious marriages are viewed as a deviation. Though the Constitution of India had legalized inter-religious marriage through the Special Marriage Act, 1954 in most of the instances, it is socially unacceptable. There has also been an increase in love marriages; however, such relationships are not always acknowledged. In this context, this article discusses inter-caste and inter-religious marriage occurrences in this environment, emphasizing the significance of the mother in these unions. A mother plays a ‘key’ role in the upbringing of a child and is held responsible for his or her overall development. Therefore, this article focuses on how the blame for not following the customs and norms by an individual (son or daughter) rests with the mother. Drawing on the in-depth personal interviews and a few observations from the fieldwork, this article talks about how a mother negotiates between the strict patriarchal and caste conventions of her community and the love she has for her child.
Finite Element Analysis of Relative Slip Between Tight Tops and the Human Body
Authors: Bai Yunfeng , Zhao Jiahao , Ding Hao , Li Qiao , Zhu Shigen
Published: May 2024

To investigate the fabric performance of tight tops and the influence of clothing pressure on the relative slip between clothing and the human body, a simulation model based on finite element analysis is proposed. This model simulates the relative slip distance under dynamic conditions. Initially, a three-dimensional model for numerical simulation was established through reverse engineering. Subsequently, material properties and boundary conditions were defined. Finally, the model was analyzed using ANSYS Workbench, and the obtained results were compared with the stretch ratio of the skin on the human back. The results indicate that, under constant conditions, the Young’s modulus of the fabric has a greater influence on the slip and shows a significant positive correlation, with correlation coefficients ( R) all exceeding 0.99. The impact of clothing pressure on sliding is relatively small, and the sliding distance decreases with an increase in clothing pressure. In addition, it has been demonstrated that there is a significant correlation ( p < 0.05) between the relative sliding distance of clothing and the stretch ratio of the skin. The study could provide a helpful guideline for the design of smart clothing, and it can provide valuable insights for various applications, such as sportswear and medical apparel.
Incarceration and racism in the Americas: Notes for future internationally comparative research on racial inequality and imprisonment
Authors: Parker Caroline Mary , Perez-Brumer Amaya
Published: May 2024

This study presents the first ever comparative regional portrait of racial inequality and incarceration across the Americas, using census data from Brazil, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the United States mainland. While racism is known to pervade criminal justice across the US mainland, Latin American prisons remain understudied, with the entire region often construed as racially harmonious and uniformly “mixed” rather than racially plural or stratified. Our findings reveal consistent underrepresentation of white individuals and overrepresentation of Black individuals in all countries. Mixed-race individuals in Brazil, Cuba, and Puerto Rico experience higher incarceration rates than whites but lower rates than Blacks. These findings challenge the conception that the US mainland is unique in its historically entrenched profile of structural racism, while highlighting varying degrees of racial inequality internationally. Whereas Cuba and the US mainland display relatively higher levels of racial inequality in imprisonment, Puerto Rico and Brazil display relatively lower levels.
Burnout Among Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Perez Danielle , Sullivan-Bolyai Susan , Bova Carol , Fain James
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to describe the experience of diabetes burnout in young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). In addition, aims included participant perspectives of risk and protective factors associated with burnout and ways to balance everyday life with diabetes self-management (DSM).

Methods

Young adults with T1DM (N = 11) were recruited through social media platforms and modified snowball sampling and interviewed. Informational redundancy was achieved. Qualitative thematic coding and analysis were conducted within and across transcripts.

Results

Diabetes burnout was described as the willingness to put diabetes and DSM on the “back burner” and let things slide due to exhaustion, frustration, apathy, and the desire to be like everyone else for a while. Risk and protective factors were identified along with strategies to achieve balance of DSM in everyday life.

Conclusions

This study identified a clear definition of diabetes burnout and acknowledges this concept as distinct and separate from other psychosocial conditions. Health care providers can utilize this information to identify individuals at risk for diabetes burnout and offer more effective support to lessen the overall burden associated with T1DM.
Rhizomatic familias: Toward a new conceptual framework of mixed status youth and their families in the United States
Authors: Lambrinou Marina
Published: May 2024

This study explores the extent to which the testimonios of three mixed status youth in North Carolina reflect the rhizomatic familias construct, which theorizes the existence and lived realities of mixed status families as intrinsically connected through a shared network of interconnected experiences related to the effects of illegality. Participants offer their perspectives on federal immigration policies and the restrictive policy context in North Carolina, identifying a series of state policies with detrimental effects on their capacity to navigate daily life and their socio-emotional state. They also provide reflections on their educational experiences in the state’s K-12 public education institutions, pinpointing a number of systemic barriers impeding their ability to succeed academically and their sense of belonging in these spaces. The study also examines the policy and educational implications of the rhizomatic familias construct as operationalized in mixed status youths’ accounts.
Equivariant score-based generative diffusion framework for 3D molecules
Authors: Zhang Hao , Liu Yang , Liu Xiaoyan , Wang Cheng , Guo Maozu
Published: May 2024

Background

Molecular biology is crucial for drug discovery, protein design, and human health. Due to the vastness of the drug-like chemical space, depending on biomedical experts to manually design molecules is exceedingly expensive. Utilizing generative methods with deep learning technology offers an effective approach to streamline the search space for molecular design and save costs. This paper introduces a novel E(3)-equivariant score-based diffusion framework for 3D molecular generation via SDEs, aiming to address the constraints of unified Gaussian diffusion methods. Within the proposed framework EMDS, the complete diffusion is decomposed into separate diffusion processes for distinct components of the molecular feature space, while the modeling processes also capture the complex dependency among these components. Moreover, angle and torsion angle information is integrated into the networks to enhance the modeling of atom coordinates and utilize spatial information more effectively.

Results

Experiments on the widely utilized QM9 dataset demonstrate that our proposed framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in all evaluation metrics for 3D molecular generation. Additionally, ablation experiments are conducted to highlight the contribution of key components in our framework, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed framework and the performance improvements of incorporating angle and torsion angle information for molecular generation. Finally, the comparative results of distribution show that our method is highly effective in generating molecules that closely resemble the actual scenario.

Conclusion

Through the experiments and comparative results, our framework clearly outperforms previous 3D molecular generation methods, exhibiting significantly better capacity for modeling chemically realistic molecules. The excellent performance of EMDS in 3D molecular generation brings novel and encouraging opportunities for tackling challenging biomedical molecule and protein scenarios.