bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Wing Chun Day Punch Boxing Based on Embedded Microprocessor
Authors: Wang Sile , Chen Xiaodan , Chen Yun , Liang Dong , Fu Sichao
Published: February 2022

With the popularity of Wing Chun film and television themes in recent years, Wing Chun has gradually received more and more attention, but the impact of Japanese punching boxing is rarely involved. The purpose of this article is to study the impact of Wing Chun Day Punch Boxing based on embedded microprocessor, to understand the actual effect of Wing Chun Day Punch Boxing through the analysis of the beat effect, and to provide reference and help for the research of traditional Chinese martial arts. In this paper, experimental methods and mathematical statistics combined with embedded microprocessors are used to research and analyze the punching effect of Wing Chun word punching. And it calculates the speed, angle, angular velocity, angular acceleration, muscle discharge sequence, and other data of various parts of the body during the process of Wing Chun force release to reveal the hitting effect of Wing Chun day word punching. Five Wing Chun practitioners with different training times are selected for Wing Chun day punch training, using engineering dummies for experiments, relying on acceleration sensors, position sensors, and force sensors. Starting from the direction of dynamics and kinematics, it collects the effective data of the Japanese word punch, then analyzes the experimental results through the embedded microprocessor, and obtains the hitting effect of the Wing Chun Japanese word punch. Experiments show that, through the analysis of the force angle and characteristics of the Japanese punch, the subjects’ elbow joint angle changes significantly when doing the Japanese punch. In the experiment on the force measurement engineering dummy, when the subjects punched, the measurement results of the vibration acceleration of the internal organs of different subjects were

p
>
0.01

, and there was no significant difference. However, in the case of elbow joint 150° preparation, the midline punch is significantly larger than the punch directly in front of the shoulder, and the difference is statistically significant (significant level

p
<
0.01

).
A Cell-Centered Semi-Lagrangian Finite Volume Method for Solving Two-Dimensional Coupled Burgers’ Equations
Authors: Asmouh Ilham , El-Amrani Mofdi , Seaid Mohammed , Yebari Naji
Published: February 2022

A cell-centered finite volume semi-Lagrangian method is presented for the numerical solution of two-dimensional coupled Burgers’ problems on unstructured triangular meshes. The method combines a modified method of characteristics for the time integration and a cell-centered finite volume for the space discretization. The new method belongs to fractional-step algorithms for which the convection and the viscous parts in the coupled Burgers’ problems are treated separately. The crucial step of interpolation in the convection step is performed using two local procedures accounting for the element where the departure point is located. The resulting semidiscretized system is then solved using a third-order explicit Runge-Kutta scheme. In contrast to the Eulerian-based methods, we apply the new method for each time step along the characteristic curves instead of the time direction. The performance of the current method is verified using different examples for coupled Burgers’ problems with known analytical solutions. We also apply the method for simulation of an example of coupled Burgers’ flows in a complex geometry. In these test problems, the new cell-centered finite volume semi-Lagrangian method demonstrates its ability to accurately resolve the two-dimensional coupled Burgers’ problems.
Improved Shape Parameter Estimation for the Three-Parameter Log-Logistic Distribution
Authors: Mateus Ayana , Caeiro Frederico
Published: February 2022

The log-logistic distribution is widely used in different fields of study such as survival analysis, hydrology, insurance, and economics. Recently, Ahsanullah and Alzaatreh studied the best linear unbiased estimators for the location and the scale parameters of the three-parameter log-logistic model. The same authors also propose a shift-invariant Hill estimator for the unknown shape parameter. In this work, we propose a new estimation method for the shape parameter. We derive its nondegenerate asymptotic behaviour and analyse its finite sample performance through a Monte Carlo simulation study. To have precise estimates, we present a method for selecting the threshold. To illustrate the improvement achieved, efficiency comparisons are also provided.
Practices of Procedural Pain Management in Neonates through Continuous Quality Improvement Measures
Authors: Thacker Jigar P. , Shah Deep S. , Patel Dipen V. , Nimbalkar Somashekhar M.
Published: February 2022

Objective. Although the benefits of pain control measures in neonates are well known, the actual usage was not optimal in our unit. Therefore, we implemented a quality improvement project to improve pain management practices through multiple Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles. Method. Our project included hemodynamically stable newborns weighing ≥1300 g. We identified four common procedures: intravenous cannulation, venous sampling, heel prick, and nasogastric tube insertion. The selected pain control measures were skin-to-skin contact, breastfeeding, expressed breast milk orally, and oral sucrose. Between April 2019 and September 2019, we intervened multiple times and reassessed shortcomings. We encouraged evidence-based practices and gave solutions for shortcomings. Data were interpreted weekly to assess the compliance to pain control interventions. Results. Minimal pain control measures (3-4%) were utilized for identified procedures before the project began. We could improve the use of pain control measures steadily and achieve the target of 80% of procedures after seven different interventions over five months. There was a retention of the effect on reassessing twice at second and fourth months of stopping further intervention once the target got achieved. Conclusion. Quality Improvement science can identify the shortcomings and help to improve the compliance for pain control practices in neonates, as demonstrated in this neonatal unit.
Deep Brain Stimulation with a Computational Model for the Cortex-Thalamus-Basal-Ganglia System and Network Dynamics of Neurological Disorders
Authors: Shaheen Hina , Melnik Roderick
Published: February 2022

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) can alleviate the movement disorders like Parkinson’s disease (PD). Indeed, it is known that aberrant beta (13-30 Hz) oscillations and the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia-thalamus (BGTH) and cortex characterize the akinesia symptoms of PD. However, the relevant biophysical mechanism behind this process still remains unclear. Based on the prior striatal inhibitory model, we propose an extended BGTH model incorporating medium spine neurons (MSNs) and fast-spiking interneurons (FSIs) along with the effect of DBS. We are focusing in this paper on an open-loop DBS mode, where the stimulation parameters stay constant independent of variations in the disease state, and modifications of parameters rely mainly on trial and error of medical experts. Additionally, we propose a novel combined model of the cerebellar-basal-ganglia thalamocortical network, MSNs, and FSIs and show new results that indicate that Parkinsonian oscillations in the beta-band frequency range emerge from the dynamics of such a network. Our model predicts that DBS can be used to suppress beta oscillations in globus pallidus pars interna (GPi) neurons. This research will help our better understanding of the changes in the brain activity caused by DBS, providing new insight for studying PD in the future.
Study of a Set of Symmetric Temporal Transformations for the Study of the Orbital Motion
Authors: López Ortí José Antonio , Agost Gómez Vicente , Barreda Rochera Miguel
Published: February 2022

The main goal of this paper is to define a new one-parametric family of symmetric temporal transformations with respect to the ellipse. This new family contains as a particular case the eccentric anomaly, the regularized length of arc, and the elliptic anomaly. This family is a particular case of the biparametric family of anomalies introduced by the authors in 2016. The biparametric family comprises the most common anomalies used in the study of the two-body problem. Two approaches of this work have been taken. The first one involves the study of the analytical properties of the symmetric family of anomalies. The second approach explores the improvement of the numerical integration methods when the natural time is replaced by an anomaly of this family.
Mainstream em Desencanto: Tensões entre a Fase Racional de Tim Maia e a Indústria Cultural
Authors: Kapp Mariana Sbaraini
Published: February 2022

A imagem e a obra de Tim Maia são marcadas por contradições. A partir disso, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a relação do cantor com as dinâmicas da indústria cultural brasileira, que estava se consolidando nos anos 1970. Quando Tim estava no auge de sua carreira, conheceu a Cultura Racional e lançou dois discos com essa temática pelo seu selo SEROMA, o que fez com que ele se tornasse um dos primeiros artistas independentes do Brasil. Na época, os discos não chegaram ao grande público, mas, anos mais tarde, essa fase foi redescoberta e ressignificada pela indústria, sendo considerada como um dos melhores momentos da carreira do cantor. Para a realização desse estudo, cotejou-se diferentes narrativas sobre tal fase, relacionando-as a conceitos sobre indústria cultural e música como mercadoria. Como conclusão, foi possível compreender que a imagem de “cult” atribuída atualmente ao artista e à sua obra torna coesas suas contradições. Nesse sentido, a recusa à indústria cultural acaba sendo um valor dentro dessa própria indústria.
Nênia: a musicalidade nos versos poéticos de Maria Firmínia dos Reis
Authors: Santiago Denise Lima
Published: February 2022

A música estabelece contato direto com a memória e, para ter memória, diversos povos criaram música. Então, por mais que fosse submetida ao esquecimento, a música é sintoma. Com isso, estratos sonoros da literatura, como as imagens acústicas a partir de assonâncias, consonâncias, aliterações, variações métricas, tímbricas denotam o impacto deixado pela arte dos sons na arte das letras. A investigação aqui empreendida não é a comprovação de que Maria Firmina dos Reis era compositora, mas, que sua poesia Nênia pode guardar aspectos inerentes a sua musicalidade. Isso posto, no intuito de encontrar vestígios musicais na obra de Maria Firmina dos Reis, vasculha-se o poema que faz parte de seu livro Cantos à beira-mar, de 1871. Os teóricos utilizados para este percurso serão Antonio Candido (2006), Cavalcanti Proença (1955), Paulo Henrique Britto (2010) e Bruno Kiefer (1973).
The Impact of Sex and Gender on Stroke
Authors: Rexrode Kathryn M. , Madsen Tracy E. , Yu Amy Y.X. , Carcel Cheryl , Lichtman Judith H. , Miller Eliza C.
Published: February 2022

Women face a disproportionate burden of stroke mortality and disability. Biologic sex and sociocultural gender both contribute to differences in stroke risk factors, assessment, treatment, and outcomes. There are substantial differences in the strength of association of stroke risk factors, as well as female-specific risk factors. Moreover, there are differences in presentation, response to treatment, and stroke outcomes in women. This review outlines current knowledge of impact of sex and gender on stroke, as well as delineates research gaps and areas for future inquiry.
Sexual Dimorphism in Cardiovascular Biomarkers: Clinical and Research Implications
Authors: Lau Emily S. , Binek Aleksandra , Parker Sarah J. , Shah Svati H. , Zanni Markella V. , Van Eyk Jennifer E. , Ho Jennifer E.
Published: February 2022

Sex-based differences in cardiovascular disease presentation, diagnosis, and response to therapies are well established, but mechanistic understanding and translation to clinical applications are limited. Blood-based biomarkers have become an important tool for interrogating biologic pathways. Understanding sexual dimorphism in the relationship between biomarkers and cardiovascular disease will enhance our insights into cardiovascular disease pathogenesis in women, with potential to translate to improved individualized care for men and women with or at risk for cardiovascular disease. In this review, we examine how biologic sex associates with differential levels of blood-based biomarkers and influences the effect of biomarkers on disease outcomes. We further summarize key differences in blood-based cardiovascular biomarkers along central biologic pathways, including myocardial stretch/injury, inflammation, adipose tissue metabolism, and fibrosis pathways in men versus women. Finally, we present recommendations for leveraging our current knowledge of sex differences in blood-based biomarkers for future research and clinical innovation.
Sex Differences in Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Pabon Maria , Cheng Susan , Altin S. Elissa , Sethi Sanjum S. , Nelson Michael D. , Moreau Kerrie L. , Hamburg Naomi , Hess Connie N.
Published: February 2022

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a prevalent condition that confers substantial morbidity and mortality and remains underdiagnosed as well as undertreated in the overall population. Although PAD prevalence is similar or higher in women compared with men, associations of traditional and nontraditional risk factors with PAD and clinical manifestations of PAD differ by sex and may contribute to delayed or lack of diagnosis in women. Such sex-based differences in the manifestation of PAD may arise from sexual dimorphism in the vascular substrate in health as well as sex variation in the responses to vascular stressors. Despite the availability of proven therapies for improving symptoms and reducing risk of ischemic cardiovascular and limb events among patients with diagnosed PAD, important sex differences in treatment and outcomes have been observed. We provide an overview of current knowledge regarding sex differences in the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of PAD.
Revision of the high-altitude genus Hyphinomos Uvarov, 1921 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) with a redescription and new data on mating behavior and acoustic signals of H. svenhedini Ramme, 1950
Authors: ALI AHSAN , JAISWARA RANJANA , MONAAL  , KUMAR NEELIMA R , BHARTI UMESH , HELLER KLAUS-GERHARD
Published: February 2022

High mountains are known for their unique habitats and extreme climatic conditions. Many inhabitants of this area are specialists and are known as hypsobionts. Among Ensifera, only selected species from different genera are true hypsobionts. Species in the genus Hyphinomos are one of them. Hyphinomos occurs only between 3800 and 5500 m a.s.l., and is known from two species,  fasciata Uvarov, 1921 and svenhedini Ramme, 1950. Until recently they were both known only from their type localities situated in mountain ranges of the Himalayas. In this paper, we amend the description of H. svenhedini by adding new data on its distribution, habitat, structure of the male genitalia, stridulatory structures, acoustic signals (long-distance and courtship), and mating behavior. In addition, we have revised the description of Hyphinomos.
Mystus cyrusi, a new species of bagrid catfish (Teleostei: Bagridae) from Middle East
Authors: ESMAEILI HAMID REZA , SAYYADZADEH GOLNAZ , ZAREI FATAH , EAGDERI SOHEIL , MOUSAVI-SABET HAMED
Published: February 2022

Mystus cyrusi, new species, is described from the Kol River drainage which flows to the Straits of Hormuz in southern Iran. It is distinguished from its closest relative, Mystus pelusius from the Tigris-Euphrates River system by a combination of characters: The maxillary barbel short, not reaching to beyond pelvic fin (vs. extends as far as anal fin in some female M. pelusius), shorter adipose fin (30.8–37.4% SL) and with a steeper sloping at its origin vs. longer (37.6–45.6% SL) and with a more gently sloping in M. pelusius), greater head depth (16.64–21.9% SL vs. 12.6–16.59% SL in M. pelusius), greater caudal-peduncle depth (10.3–12.5% SL vs. 8.7–10.5% SL in M. pelusius) and fewer total gill rakers (12–14, mode 12) vs. (14–17 in M. pelusius). Mystus cyrusi is also well distinguished by molecular characters. Genetically, M. cyrusi shows the lowest genetic distance with M. pelusius (4.6%), and then with M. singaringan (11.6%), M. wolffii (13.1%), and M. bleekeri (13.4%) among the 21 studied species in their mtDNA sequences. Mystus cyrusi shows the highest genetic distance with M. montanus (26.5%).
Taxonomic notes on the antlion genus Dendroleon Brauer, 1866 (Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae, Dendroleontinae) from China, with description of a new species and a newly recorded species
Authors: ZHENG YUCHEN , HAYASHI FUMIO , LIU XINGYUE
Published: February 2022

A new antlion species of the genus Dendroleon Brauer, 1866 (Myrmeleontidae: Dendroleontinae: Dendroleontini), namely Dendroleon laiyanae sp. nov., from Southwest China and Northern Vietnam is described. Besides, D. regius (Navás, 1914), a rare species of Dendroleon is first recorded in China with a detailed re-description. A discussion on the diagnostic characters of Dendroleon is also provided.
Notes on the genus Chrysodema from China (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Chrysochroinae), with one new species and one new record
Authors: QI ZHI-HAO , AI HONG-MU , SONG HAI-TIAN
Published: February 2022

The genus Chrysodema currently recorded from China contains 6 species/subspecies: C. (Chrysodema) aurostriata Saunders, 1866 from Yunnan, C. (C.) lewisii nakatai Frank & Sekerka, 2020, C. (C.) eximia berliozi Descarpentries, 1948, C. (Pseudochrysodema) dalmanni dalmanni (Mannerheim, 1837), C. (P.) dalmanni penghuensis Hattori & Ong, 2020 and C. (P.) yasumatsui Kurosawa, 1954 all from Taiwan. In this study, one new species, Chrysodema (Chrysodema) hainanensis sp. nov. from Hainan Island, China is described, illustrated, and the variation is given. The host plant Toona ciliata is new for the genus Chrysodema. The differences of the new species to its related species and subspecies are discussed and keyed. C. (C.) aurostriata from Yunnan probably belonged to C. (C.) vrabeci and still need verification. C. (C.) tonkinea Kerremans, 1909 was recorded from Guangxi (new country record). All Chrysodema species and subspecies recorded from China except C. (P.) dalmanni penghuensis and the unverified C. (C.) aurostriata were examined, and a key is given for identification.
Descriptions of two new species of Lestica Billberg (Hymenoptera, Apoidea, Crabronidae) from China, with a key to the Chinese Lestica species
Authors: YUE DAN , LI QIANG , MA LI
Published: February 2022

Two new species of the genus Lestica Billberg (Crabronidae: Crabroninae: Crabronini) from China are described and illustrated, namely L. robustispinosa Yue & Ma from Xinjiang, and L. breviantennata Yue & Li from Jiangxi, Hunan and Yunnan Provinces. A key to the species of Lestica from China is provided.
Review of Syzeuctus Förster, 1869 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) in Iran, with description of a new species
Authors: HEYDARI MARYAM ZARDOUEI , RIEDEL MATTHIAS , RAKHSHANI EHSAN
Published: February 2022

A new ichneumonid species, Syzeuctus flavocephalus Zardouei & Riedel sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Banchinae) from the Eastern high mountains of Iran (Sistan-o Baluchestan province) is described and illustrated. Together with this new species, nine previously recorded species from Iran are reviewed, and a comprehensive key of the Iranian species of Syzeuctus is provided.
Exploration of Vibration Signal Measurement Method of Automobile Parts Utilizing FPGA/Photoelectric Sensor
Authors: Liu Weiping , Zhang Ximing , Wang Zhaofeng , Wang Yulin , Hu Bochun , Zhuang Ye
Published: February 2022

According to the current situation of the sensor, a vibration signal monitoring system is proposed of automobile parts based on Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and photoelectric sensor. FPGA controls the peripheral circuit and sets instructions to process the acquired vibration
signal. The Serial Port Interface (SPI) is utilized for the data transmission and communication between the instruction set and FPGA. FPGA transmits the acquired data to the Digital Signal Processing (DSP) through the SPI and then backs up to the Secure Digital (SD) card for in-depth analysis.
The Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) is selected for the monitoring system. The sensor presents many characteristics: anti-interference, high sensitivity, lightweight, and small volume. Afterward, the FBG is used for vibration signal acquisition, and the corresponding sensor module circuit is designed.
Subsequently, an Analog to Digital (A/D) conversion circuit is designed on the acquisition circuit together with the vibration conditioning circuit and FPGA peripheral circuit. In the experiment, the vibration signal is monitored in real-time through the designed monitoring system, and the
changes in the Center Wavelength (CWL) of the FBG from vibration are recorded. The data are screened, and more reasonable data are produced for vibration signal processing. The vibration signal is processed through Time-Domain (TD) linear fitting and time-frequency transformation, to assess
the FBG vibration sensor’s vibration response in the monitoring system.
Study on Electronic, Mechanical and Optical Properties of Perovskite Cs2AgGaX6 (X = Cl, Br)
Authors: Tang Tian-Yu , Zhao Xian-Hao , Wei Xiao-Nan , Hu De-Yuan , Gao Li-Ke , Tang Yan-Lin
Published: February 2022

Recently, halide double perovskite materials have attracted more and more attention due to their structural stability and excellent photoelectric properties. In this work, the electronic, mechanical and optical properties of halide double perovskite Cs2AgGaX6 (X
= Cl, Br) have been studied by first-principle calculations. The results show that the Goldschmidt’s tolerance factor t of these compounds is close to 1, which is the ideal value of structurally stable cubic perovskite. Moreover, their thermodynamic stability is also ensured by
the calculated negative formation energy. The Cs2AgGaX6 (X = Cl, Br) is a direct band-gap semiconductor with values of 2.038 eV and 0.967 eV, respectively. Compared with many halide double perovskites, both Cs2AgGaX6 (X = Cl, Br) compounds exhibit
the advantage of low effective carrier mass. Finally, their reflectance, absorption coefficient and dielectric function in the range of 0~30 eV were studied. The results show that these compounds have certain application value in optoelectronic devices.
Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Co Doped P3-KxMnO2
Authors: Shi Qinhao , Xia Fang , Xia Zhonghong , Huang Qiu-An , Zhao Yufeng
Published: February 2022

Most of the cathode materials for potassium ion batteries (PIBs) suffer from poor structural stability due to the large ionic radius of K+, thereby leading to an inferior electrochemical performance. In this work, a representative P3-K0.51Mn0.73Co0.27O2
(KCM) is successfully synthesized by a sol–gel method. The crystal structure is characterized through various characterization means, and the electrochemical performance is tested. The as-prepared KCM sample delivers a high discharge capacity of 100.4 mAh g−1 at the
current density of 0.1 C, and a specific capacity of 76 mAh g−1 is obtained after 150 cycles with a capacity retention of 77.6%. The superior structural stability, as evidenced by structural variation of less than 1% in terms of the unit cell parameters (c-axis) via
ex-situ XRD, highlights the potential application prospects of this cathode materials.
An Intensity-Modulated In-Fiber Liquid Lever Sensor Based on Intermodal Michelson Interferssometer
Authors: Zhang Yan , Shao Min , Zhang Yun-Zhe , Hao Min-Ru , Feng Zhen-Gang
Published: February 2022

A compact in-fiber Michelson interferometer (MI) for liquid level measurement is proposed and demonstrated. The interferometer is fabricated by simply splicing a section of multimode fiber (MMF) with a standard singlemode fiber (SMF). The reflection spectrum of the MI is dependent on
the portion of the length of the MMF which is immersed in liquid. The sensing characteristics of the liquid level and temperature are theoretically and experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that the liquid level sensitivity is −1.20 dB/mm when the liquid is water,
and the liquid level measurement error induced by temperature is 0.004 mm/°C. The advantages of temperature-immune, cost-effective and reflective intensity demodulation offer the prospective application in chemical and petroleum industrial sensing.
Cascaded Multilevel Rectifier with Common High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Bus and Its Control Method
Authors: Bai Linux , Shen Lifei
Published: February 2022

In order to realize the voltage equalization and minimize the total harmonic distortion rate of current of cascaded multilevel rectifier with common high voltage Direct Current (HVDC) bus, the cascaded multilevel rectifier with common high voltage DC bus and its control method are studied.
The output side DC voltage of the cascade multilevel rectifier with common high voltage DC bus is sampled, and the output DC current signal amplitude is obtained according to the calculated output side DC voltage signal. On this basis, the AC side voltage corresponding to the applied switching
state and the switching state corresponding to the rectifier in the sampling period are solved. The driving signal of the switch device is generated and sent to the corresponding switch device to realize the active power factor correction and sinusoidal input current, so as to realize the
balanced control of output DC capacitor voltage of cascaded multilevel rectifier with common High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) bus. The test results show that this method can effectively control the three-phase output current of the rectifier and ensure the maximum output of the current.
The lowest total harmonic distortion rate of the output phase voltage is about 40%, which can effectively ensure the stability of the output phase voltage after control.
Density Functional Theory Study of Infrared Nonlinear Optical Crystal ZnGeP2
Authors: Ning Jing , Dai Rong , Wu Qiao , Zhang Lei , Shao Tingting , Zhang Fuchun
Published: February 2022

The electronic structure and optical properties of ZnGeP2 crystal were studied using DFT. The electronic structure results showed that ZnGeP2 is a nonlinear optical crystal with a direct wide bandgap. The bandgap was calculated to be 1.99 eV using the HSE06 method,
which is exactly equal to the experimental value. The optical properties showed strong absorption and reflection in the ultraviolet region and strong transmittance in the infrared region. The average static refractive index of ZnGeP2 was 2.73, and the static birefractive index was
0.04. The above results indicate that ZnGeP2 is a potential infrared nonlinear optical crystal material.
Theoretical Investigations on Interfacial Behavior of Ag–Cu–Ti/Si3N4 Wetting System
Authors: Gui Xiny , Zhang Mingfen , Zhang Xiangzhao , Guo Qinhan , Hussain Shahid , Qiao Guanjun , Liu Guiwu
Published: February 2022

The wetting interface of Ag–Cu–Ti alloy on Si3N4 ceramic was researched by the sessile drop method, and a uniform TiN–Ti5Si3 mixed layer of ˜ μm was formed at the interface. The work of adhesion (Wa),
interfacial energy and electronic properties of Ag(111)/Si3N4(0001), Ag(111)/TiN(111) and Ag(111)/Ti5Si3(0001) interfaces were studied by DFT calculations to investigated the mechanisms lying behind the excellent bonding strength of Ag–Cu–Ti/Si3N4
wetting system. The computational outcome shows that the Ag(111)/N-terminated TiN(111) interface presents the maximum Wa, and the interfacial energy of the Ag(111)/Si3N4(0001) interface is higher than those of the Ag(111)/TiN(111) and Ag(111)/Ti5Si3(0001)
interfaces, indicating that the TiN–Ti5Si3 mixed layer formed at the interface does play a positively role in enhancing the interfacial strength of Ag–Cu–Ti alloy on Si3N4 ceramics. And the electronic properties reveal that an existence
of charge transfer between Ag and N atoms leads to the ionic bond formation at the Ag/AlN interface.
Simplified Empirical Equations to Coefficients of Linear and Nonlinear Gain of InGaAsP/InP Semiconductor Lasers and Application in Simulation of Noise
Authors: Al-Otaibi Reem , Ahmed Moustafa
Published: February 2022

This paper presents modeling of the linear and nonlinear gain of long-wavelength In1−xGaxAsyP1−y/InP laser basing on a third-order perturbation approach using the density matrix analysis. We modify the
perturbation approach in literature by taking account of electronic transitions between the conduction band and both the heavy and light-hole bands of the active layer. The obtained results on gain characteristics of this complicated approach are simplified by empirical equations that function
in the bandgap energy of the active layer. Therefore, the gain characteristics of the laser can be simply calculated at the bandgap energy that corresponds to arbitrary compositions x and y of In1−xGaxAsyP1−y/InP1−ysupposing
lattice matching with the base InP material. The results show that both the linear gain and nonlinear gain coefficients decrease with the increase of the bandgap energy. The obtained relationships of the gain characteristics are then used in the rate equation model to simulate the spectral
properties of the relative intensity noise (RIN) of InGaAsP laser as a function of the bandgap energy over the relevant ranges of compositions x and y. Moreover, we introduce fitting equations to the RIN levels around the relaxation frequency of the laser as well as in the low-frequency
range as functions of the bandgap energy. These RIN levels are shown to increase with the increase of the bandgap energy and are associated with a decrease in the relaxation frequency of the laser.
Research on Image Motion Compensation of an Airborne Camera with a Focal Plane Charge-Coupled Device Camera and an Analysis of Image Motion
Authors: Ren Hang , Hu TaoTao
Published: February 2022

The imaging quality of a target is dramatically influenced by image motion (IM), which results from the relative movement between a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera and an aircraft during the exposure time. Therefore, it is quite necessary to produce appropriate systems to compensate
for this kind of movement and achieve high-quality, real-time imaging. The image motion velocity should be precisely calculated to compensate for the image motion as much as possible. In the paper, several methods were introduced to calculate the image motion velocity by using coordinate transformation,
which deduced the image motion value of a given point by considering the difference before and after the gesture angles and position changes. Furthermore, both a theoretical and a mechanical image motion compensation (IMC) method were analyzed. A three-axis stable platform was assembled between
the camera system and the unmanned aircraft. The IM caused by variation in the airplane gesture angles, including the pitch angle, yaw angle and roll angle, could be compensated by the reverse rotation of the stable platform in the corresponding axis. Similarly, the IM caused by the aircraft’s
continuing flight could be compensated by the reverse rotation in the pitch axis. The residual errors of the IMC of the camera from the aircraft navigation were analyzed and calculated in detail. The residual errors of the image points were less than one third of the diameter of a CCD pixel,
which demonstrates that the IMC system satisfied the imaging system.
Technology of Image Motion Compensation for Different Velocity of Aerial Camera Based on Integration Level and Frequency Division Control
Authors: Ren Hang , Qu HanShi , Hu TaoTao , Wang Xin
Published: February 2022

When an aircraft is flying sideways, the aerial camera will be in a squint state, and there will be multiple image motions of different sizes on the imaging target at the same time. In this paper, the principle of different velocity image motion in squint imaging of an aircraft is analysed,
and the compensation strategy of different velocity image motion is proposed. Then, three methods are used to analyse the adjustment strategy of different velocity image motion compensation, namely, adjusting the integration level of (Time Delayed and Integration) TDICCD, grouping and frequency
division control of TDICCD on the image surface, and optimizing the control based on the combination of integration level and frequency division control. Through the simulation analysis, it is concluded that the adjustment of the integration level of TDICCD and the slice grouping control is
the optimal method. This method not only ensures the required image SNR of the optical system but also reduces the complex problems of electronic circuit and control system caused by the presence of too many segments and groups. In the actual aerial camera system imaging, this method can be
used as an effective method for the compensation for the image motion of different velocity when the aerial camera tilts. Then, the design of the driving circuit and timing generator are described. The validity of the method is verified by indoor simulations and a flight test.
Effects of Temperature, pH, Culture Time, Oscillation Frequency on Self-Healing Microbes and Growth Predictive Model
Authors: Meng Haining , Lu Xiaojun , Shaheen Asma , Hussain Shahid , Liu Guiwu
Published: February 2022

To save costs in preparation of Bacillus mucilaginous L3, we studied the effects of culture temperature, pH, culture time, oscillation frequency, and medium concentration on the biomass OD600 of B. mucilaginous L3 using orthogonal tests and back-propagation
neural networks. The influence factors on OD600 ranked as importance as temperature > pH > culture time > medium concentration > oscillation frequency. The training precision of the growth predictive model based on back-propagation neural networks was up to 99.308%.
The optimal prediction ranges of different factors were temperature: 28–30 °C, pH: 7.1–7.4, medium concentration: 2–4 and 7–8 g/L, culture time: 46–49 h, and oscillation frequency: 175–190 and 120–130 r/min.
Study of InGaZnO Thin Film Transistors With Dual Treatment of Pre-Oxidation ZrO2 High-κ Dielectric and Post-Oxidation InGaZnO Channel by Neutral Beam System
Authors: Wu Chien-Hung , Lin Shuo-Yen , Chung Wen-Chun , Chang Kow-Ming , Liu Po-Tsun , Lien Der-Hsien , Lin Yu-Hsuan
Published: February 2022

With better field-effect mobility (>10 cm2/V·S), smaller subthreshold swing (S.S), and other electrical characteristics, amorphous IGZO thin film transistors (a-IGZO TFTs) has been studied extensively for its promising applications, such as liquid crystal displays and flat-panel
displays. In this investigation, TFT devices are experimented to enhance the electrical characteristics. Atmosphere Pressure-PECVD (AP-PECVD) is used to deposit a-IGZO, which is designed as device channel layer. In order to maintain enough gate control ability with thinner effective oxide
thickness (EOT), high-κ material ZrO2 is used as dielectric, lowering the gate leaking current. With post dual neutral beams O2 plasma treated on both a-IGZO channel layer 400 W and ZrO2 dielectric 100 W, the best result for experimental devices
show that the a-IGZO TFT has electrical characteristics of field-effect mobility of 22.22 cm2/V·S, threshold voltage (VT) of 2.86 V, S.S of 74 mV/decade, and Ion/Ioff ratio of 8.2×105. Keywor
Synthesis and Characterization of Ni-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles for CO2 Gas Sensing
Authors: Abdel All N. , El Ghoul J. , Khouqeer G.
Published: February 2022

In this research, we synthesised nickel (Ni)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NZ) with various atomic ratios of [Ni]/[Zn], i.e., 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 using a simple sol–gel method. The synthesized materials were examined by different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD),
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) attached with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The observed XRD results confirmed that all the prepared samples exhibited a hexagonal wurtzite structure with no additional secondary phases, confirming that
Ni ions were successfully incorporated into the lattices of ZnO crystals. The average size of the synthesized nanoparticles is in the range of 30–80 nm, as was confirmed from the TEM observations. The synthesized Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles were used as functional material to fabricate
efficient CO2 gas sensors. The gas detection results demonstrated an improvement in the response of the Ni-doped ZnO sensor towards CO2 gas. The data obtained at 350 ˚C working temperature reveal that this sensor has a modest reaction to CO2. With increasing
Ni doping, we noticed that the baseline and the dynamic responses rises. Based on the obtained results, a plausible sensing mechanism towards CO2 gas sensor based on Ni-doped ZnO nanoparticles is also proposed and presented in this paper.
Calculation of Transmission Characteristics of Shielded Microstrip Lines Filled with Anisotropic Left-Handed and Right-Handed Materials
Authors: Sun Hai
Published: February 2022

In this paper, the edge-based finite element formula for calculating the transmission characteristics of shielded microstrip lines filled with anisotropic materials with magnetic field as working variable is derived in detail. The filling materials include anisotropic left-handed materials
and anisotropic right-handed materials, and the transmission characteristics include dominant mode cutoff wavelength and electric field structure. We mainly take Rectangular-shaped, V-shaped and Trapezoidal-shaped shielded microstrip lines as examples to calculate the transmission characteristics.
The formulas and calculation examples derived in this paper have strong guiding significance for the application of anisotropic left-handed and right-handed materials in inhomogeneous transmission lines, which will further expand the use of shielded microstrip lines in optical devices such
as electro-optic waveguide modulators.
Design of Photoelectric Inclination Sensor and Its Application in Target Tracking
Authors: Zhang Haiqing , Han Jun
Published: February 2022

As a sensor that converts angle signal into an electrical signal, the inclination sensor is applied in multiple fields. The photoelectric inclination sensor has the advantages of non-contact and high precision, but it is limited to small angle precision measurement and is expensive.
A new photoelectric inclination sensor is obtained by combining photoelectric detection with elastic sensing elements and eliminating vibration or other interference errors based on an electromagnetic feedback system. The structure of the whole prototype is designed, the elastomer is calculated
theoretically, the electromagnetic feedback part is designed and selected, the voltage-displacement characteristic test of the photodiode is carried out, and the linear interval is calibrated simultaneously. According to the voltage difference generated by the photodiode, a differential amplification
circuit is designed to amplify the small voltage signal. The PID regulating circuit is designed to regulate the current on the electromagnetic coil. The A/D chip is used for analog-to-digital conversion, and the data are collected and uploaded through STM32 and RS485. In the test, the prototype
test environment is built. It is proved that 0°∼45° is a linear range of the sensor in the open-loop system without electromagnetic feedback. The nonlinearity is 4.365%, the nonlinearity in the −20°~20° interval is less than 1.2%, and the 45°˜90° is
the nonlinear range. In the closed-loop system of electromagnetic feedback, the interval of 0°˜90° is linear, the nonlinearity is 6.861%, and the nonlinearity of 0°˜45° is only 1.06%. This type of sensor is used for multi-station maneuvering target tracking. The
aircraft to be tested is simulated and analyzed 100 times. It is found that adding a sensor monitoring station can improve the measurement accuracy and suppress the noise. In the closed-loop system of electromagnetic feedback, 0°˜90° is the linear range, the nonlinearity is 6.861%,
and the nonlinearity of 0°˜45° is only 1.06%. Such sensor is used for multi-station maneuvering target tracking, and the aircraft to be tested is simulated and analyzed 100 times. Azimuth, pitch angle and errors from target to the sensor are calculated. The results show that
the measurement accuracy can be improved and the noise can be suppressed by adding sensor monitoring stations.
Secure Data Sequence Recognition of All-Optical High-Speed Network Using Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
Authors: Chen Lanlan
Published: February 2022

Semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) has nonlinear optical effect and integration advantages, and is widely used in all-optical logic gates. Hence, it is used in the identification of all-optical high-speed network security data sequences. First, the SOA model is established and then simplified based on the existing model. On this basis, the identification model of all-optical high-speed network security data sequence is established, and the concept of integrated turbo-switch is introduced. The structure of the turbo-switch is analyzed. Then, an integrated turbo-switch architecture based on SOA-Mach Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is proposed, and its performance is verified by simulation. A data sequence recognition method for all-optical high-speed network security is proposed based on the integrated acceleration switch, and the difficulty of result recognition is analyzed. The simulation results of integrated turbo-switch show that when 1550 nm light passes through MZI, the interference can be almost completely cancelled, and the corresponding phase difference of 1538 nm light is less than 3 radians, that is, some light can pass through MZI. After the bias current of SOA of upper and lower arms of SOA-MZI is properly adjusted, MZI can play the function of tunable filter. Adjusting the bias current of SOA1 and SOA2 in the turbo-switch can control the “overshoot” program in the gain recovery curve, make SOA2 in a saturated working state, optimize the gain recovery curve, and improve the SOArelated mode effect, so that the turbo-switch can also output a more stable waveform under continuous “1” input. The recognition difficulty test shows that the target sequence after the cycle and the data sequence to be recognized are used for the “Exclusive NOR” operation, and the “AND gate” is added to realize the data sequence recognition and reduce the recognition difficulty.
Design and Implementation of Environmental Monitoring System Using Photoelectric Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Li Hao , Cai Rongxin
Published: February 2022

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) sensing is a light-induced electron transfer sensing method based on photoelectric signal conversion to represent the electrode/solution interface. The analysis method is easily disturbed by environmental factors such as light intensity, which reduces the detection accuracy. PEC biosensor with sunlight as the light source is designed. CC2530 RF hardware module and Zstack software protocol stack produced by TI company are adopted to establish PEC wireless sensor network (WSN) for farmland environment detection. 5G-DTU module is selected to realize the remote data transmission between the PEC WSN and remote server. The data exchange is carried out through a 5G mobile communication network. The farmland environment monitoring adopts B/S architecture. The types of all PEC sensors need to be selected and the hardware circuit module is designed. The corresponding interface adopts a unified standard 485 bus communication interface to facilitate the data reading of the sensor. In the experiment, the designed PEC sensor can distinguish between carbon nitride nanosheets (CNNS) and nitrogen fossil graphene loaded silver/TiO2(Ag/TiO2/D3NGH) by changing the bias potential, and the sensor can work in unstable sunlight. The photocurrent of anode and cathode of the PEC sensor increases with the increase of sunlight intensity, and the photocurrent ratio remains constant with the further increase of the concentration of double electrodes (CNNS, Ag/TiO2/D3NGH). In the field mold test, the designed PEC sensor shows good selectivity for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), and the AFB1 is recovered from bean products in the field, with a recovery rate of more than 95%, which proves that the photoelectric monitoring system can accurately measure and analyze the field mold.
Intelligent Inspection System of Power Equipment Based on Photoelectric Sensor/AR Technology
Authors: Ye Qianqian
Published: February 2022

The photoelectric wireless sensor network is composed of multiple photoelectric sensor nodes in the area. In addition to the basic sensing functions, the multiple micro and small photoelectric sensor stages contained in the area can also self-organize to form a wireless sensor network. According to the measurement method of power equipment and photoelectric sensor technology, the study equations the intelligent photoelectric wireless sensor structure of power equipment and the corresponding hardware composition. Meantime, the augmented reality (AR) technology is introduced to inspect the power equipment. Among them, multiple photoelectric sensors are concentrated on the power poles of the long-distance transmission line of the power grid and within 100 m around them, and meanwhile, a wireless sensor network centered on a single power pole is built in this area; the combination of AR and deep neural network (DNN) is used for the fault identification of power equipment. In the experiment, power equipment monitoring interface is generated based on the .NET framework, and data can be obtained with the help of the query button to realize the parameter monitoring of the power equipment on the client-server side. By binding the data source, the figure of power monitoring can be read and written in the database without modifying the display settings of the interface. The power measurement value is helpful for the dispatch of operators. With the help of ZedGraph, power data collected by the photoelectric sensor can be displayed on the interface corresponding to the dynamic data. Comparing the photoelectric sensor network of power poles and towers and the photoelectric sensor network of power poles that have not been constructed, it is confirmed that the power poles and towers sensor network can reduce the energy consumption and failure of detection data. Compared with SVM algorithm and BP neural network, DNN algorithm based on AR technology can conduct inspections accurately on failures of power equipment.
Quantum Size Effect in Cu2O Film and Modes of Their Crystal Growth Mechanism
Authors: Ding Yan-Bo , Yan-Zhao  , Zhe-Wang  , Dong-Zhang  , Wang Dong-Lai , Song Shi-Wei , Li Yu-Cai , Han-Wang  , He-Jiang
Published: February 2022

In this review, we cover a systematic study on the effect of electrodeposition time for the growth of Cu2O film with morphological control. Measurements on the as-prepared Cu2O films demonstrated that the surface morphology depend on the grain shape. Based on the
electron microscopy observation, the surface grains of Cu2O film showed shape evolution associated with the time of crystal grow. The possible mechanism of film color change from saffron yellow, orange, red to brick red controlled by crystalline quantum size is firstly studied systematically.
Moreover, models are set up to discuss the evolution of the morphology and color, which indicate that the morphology and colors were deeply influenced by deposition time and the size of the crystal grains.