bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sluicing, Idioms, and Island Repair
Authors: Rottman Isaac , Yoshida Masaya
Published: October 2013

In this article, we investigate idiom reconstruction in the context of sluicing constructions. We demonstrate that some idioms in English are not compatible with resumptive pronouns. On the basis of this observation, we argue that sluicing involves wh-gap dependencies rather than wh-resumptive pronoun dependencies, and that the island amelioration effect of sluicing does not result primarily from the island amelioration effect of resumptive pronouns.
Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA
Authors: ROBERTSON DESIREE R. , HOLZENTHAL RALPH W.
Published: October 2013

Protoptilinae Ross, 1956, is the most diverse subfamily belonging to the saddle- or tortoise-case-making caddisfly family Glossosomatidae Wallengren, 1891. The subfamily has a disjunct distribution: 5 genera are known from the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions; the remaining 13 are restricted to the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Monophyly of Protoptilinae and each of 17 genera was tested using 80 taxa, 99 morphological characters, and mitochondrial DNA (COI). Additionally, homologies of morphological characters were assessed across genera and a standardized terminology for those structures was established. Mitochondrial DNA data were unavailable for 55 of the 80 taxa included in this study. To test the effects of the missing molecular data, 5 different datasets were analyzed using both parsimony and Bayesian methods. There was incongruence between the COI and morphological data, but results suggest the inclusion of COI data in a combined analysis, although incomplete, improved the overall phylogenetic signal. Bayesian and parsimony analyses of all 5 datasets strongly supported the monophyly of Protoptilinae. Monophyly of the following genera was also supported: Canoptila Mosely, 1939; Culoptila Mosely, 1954; Itauara Müller, 1888; Mastigoptila Flint, 1967; Mortoniella Ulmer, 1906; Protoptila Banks, 1904; and Tolhuaca Schmid, 1964. Several taxonomic changes were necessary for classification to reflect phylogeny accurately. Accordingly, Matrioptila Ross, 1938; Poeciloptila Schmid, 1991; Temburongpsyche Malicky, 1992; and Nepaloptila Kimmins, 1964, are designated new junior synonyms of Padunia Martynov, 1910. Additionally, the endemic Caribbean genera Campsiophora Flint, 1964, and Cubanoptila Sykora, 1973, are designated new junior synonyms of Cariboptila Flint, 1964. Diagnoses and a key to the subfamilies of Glossosomatidae and world genera of Protoptilinae incorporating these taxonomic changes are provided.
Climatology of Tropical System Rainfall in the Eastern Corn Belt
Authors: Haberlie Alex , Gale Kari , Changnon David , Tannura Mike
Published: October 2013

This study examines the frequency of daily rainfall totals greater than 2.54 cm (1 in.) averaged within a climate division (CD) associated with tropical systems that moved through the U.S. eastern Corn Belt region during the growing season. These occurrences are defined as “events.” From 1913 to 2012, the tracks of 60 tropical systems moved over a study area that included 24 CDs—9 in Illinois, 9 in Indiana, and 6 in western Ohio. Of those 60 tropical systems, 37 were associated with events. Event risk varied through the growing season ranging from 3 events in June to 21 events in September. Decadal analysis showed an increase in the frequency of tropical systems and events during the last decade of the study (2003–12). Tropical systems were infrequent, and the timing of rainfall associated with the majority of events (i.e., September) was too late to impact corn and soybean development or yield in this region. Events had some impact on current and subsequent CD average soil moisture conditions; however, only 8 of the 37 events produced dramatic improvements in Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) values from categorical moderate to severe drought levels to near-normal conditions in the eastern Corn Belt. Those CDs that experienced a September or October event were associated with significantly higher PDSI values (+1.34) prior to the following summer than those that did not experience an event (+0.54).
Eastward-Propagating Intraseasonal Oscillation Represented by Chikira–Sugiyama Cumulus Parameterization. Part II: Understanding Moisture Variation under Weak Temperature Gradient Balance
Authors: Chikira Minoru
Published: October 2013

The eastward-propagating intraseasonal oscillation represented by the Chikira–Sugiyama cumulus scheme in a general circulation model was investigated focusing on the variation of the free-tropospheric humidity. The net effect of the vertical advection and cloud process amplifies the positive moisture anomaly in the mature phase, supporting the moisture-mode theory. The horizontal advection causes the eastward propagation of the field. The variation of the moisture profile is accurately understood by using environmental vertical velocity outside cumuli. The velocity is regulated by a thermodynamic balance under a weak temperature gradient. A nondimensional parameter α plays an important role in the moisture variation, which characterizes the efficiency of moistening (drying) induced by external heating (cooling). In the middle and lower troposphere, the major moistening factor is the radiative warming anomaly, which induces the upward environmental vertical velocity anomaly. The reevaporation of the precipitation works as drying, since its cooling effect induces the downward environmental vertical velocity anomaly. Snow melting significantly cools and thereby dries the midtroposphere. The moistening of the midtroposphere is important for moistening the lower troposphere through the reduction of α. The efficiency of moistening depends on the heating profile, and congestus clouds play an important role in it. The heating profile, which maximizes the moistening of the free troposphere, is realized in the mature phase. The atmosphere is marginally unstable even in the mature phase, which is a favorable condition for the congestus clouds to occur.
ENSO in the Mid-Holocene according to CSM and HadCM3
Authors: Roberts William H. G. , Battisti David S. , Tudhope Alexander W.
Published: October 2013

The offline linearized ocean–atmosphere model (LOAM), which was developed to quantify the impact of the climatological mean state on the variability of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), is used to illuminate why ENSO changed between the modern-day and early/mid-Holocene simulations in two climate modeling studies using the NCAR Climate System Model (CSM) and the Hadley Centre Coupled Model, version 3 (HadCM3). LOAM reproduces the spatiotemporal variability simulated by the climate models and shows both the reduction in the variance of ENSO and the changes in the spatial structure of the variance during the early/mid-Holocene. The mean state changes that are important in each model are different and, in both cases, are also different from those hypothesized to be important in the original papers describing these simulations. In the CSM simulations, the ENSO mode is stabilized by the mean cooling of the SST. This reduces atmospheric heating anomalies that in turn give smaller wind stress anomalies, thus weakening the Bjerknes feedback. Within the ocean, a change in the thermocline structure alters the spatial pattern of the variance, shifting the peak variance farther east, but does not reduce the overall amount of ENSO variance. In HadCM3, the ENSO mode is stabilized by a combination of a weaker thermocline and weakened horizontal surface currents. Both of these reduce the Bjerknes feedback by reducing the ocean’s SST response to wind stress forcing. This study demonstrates the importance of considering the combined effect of a mean state change on the coupled ocean–atmosphere system: conflicting and erroneous results are obtained for both models if only one model component is considered in isolation.
How Much of Monthly Subsurface Temperature Variability in the Equatorial Pacific Can Be Recovered by the Specification of Sea Surface Temperatures?
Authors: Kumar Arun , Wang Hui , Xue Yan , Wang Wanqiu
Published: October 2013

The focus of the analysis is to investigate the question to what extent the specification of sea surface temperature (SST) in coupled model integration can impart realistic evolution of subsurface ocean temperature in the equatorial tropical Pacific. In the context of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) prediction, the analysis is of importance from two aspects: such a system can be considered as a simple coupled ocean data assimilation system that can provide ocean initial conditions; and what additional components of the ocean observing system may be crucial for skillful ENSO prediction.

The results indicate that coupled model integration where SST is continuously nudged toward the observed state can generate a realistic evolution of subsurface ocean temperature. The evolution of slow variability related to ENSO, in particular, has a good resemblance against the observational counterpart. The realism of subsurface ocean temperature variability is highest near the date line and least in the far eastern Pacific where the thermocline is shallowest. The results are also discussed in the context of ocean observing system requirements for ENSO prediction.
Mobile, Phased-Array, Doppler Radar Observations of Tornadoes at X Band
Authors: French Michael M. , Bluestein Howard B. , PopStefanija Ivan , Baldi Chad A. , Bluth Robert T.
Published: October 2013

A mobile, phased-array Doppler radar, the Mobile Weather Radar, 2005 X-band, Phased Array (MWR-05XP), has been used since 2007 to obtain data in supercells and tornadoes. Rapidly updating, volumetric data of tornadic vortex signatures (TVSs) associated with four tornadoes are used to investigate the time–height evolution of TVS intensity, position, and dissipation up through storm midlevels. Both TVS intensity and position were highly variable in time and height even during tornado mature phases. In one case, a TVS associated with a tornado dissipated aloft and a second TVS formed shortly thereafter while there was one continuous TVS near the ground. In a second case, the TVS associated with a long-lived, violent tornado merged with a second TVS (likely a second cyclonic tornado) causing the original TVS to strengthen. TVS dissipation occurred first at a height of ~1.5 km AGL and then at progressively higher levels in two cases; TVS dissipation occurred last in the lowest 1 km in three cases examined. Possible explanations are provided for the unsteady nature of TVS intensity and a conceptual model is presented for the initial dissipation of TVSs at ~1.5 km AGL.
Cost-effectiveness of Anterior Implants versus Fixed Dental Prostheses
Authors: Zitzmann N.U. , Krastl G. , Weiger R. , Kühl S. , Sendi P.
Published: October 2013

For the restoration of an anterior missing tooth, implant-supported single crowns (ISCs) or fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) are indicated, but it is not clear which type of restoration is more cost-effective. A self-selected trial was performed with 15 patients with ISCs and 11 with FDPs. Patient preferences were recorded with visual analog scales before treatment, 1 month following restoration, and then annually. Quality-adjusted tooth years (QATYs) were estimated by considering the type of reconstruction for replacing the missing tooth and its effect on the adjacent teeth. A stochastic cost-effectiveness model was developed using Monte Carlo simulation. The expected costs and QATYs were summarized in cost-effectiveness acceptability curves. ISC was the dominant strategy, with a QATY increase of 0.01 over 3 years and 0.04 over 10 years with a higher probability of being cost-effective. While both treatment options provided satisfactory long-term results from the patient’s perspective, the lower initial costs, particularly laboratory fees, were responsible for the dominance of ISCs over FDPs.
Dental Implants Installed in Irradiated Jaws
Authors: Chambrone L. , Mandia J. , Shibli J.A. , Romito G.A. , Abrahao M.
Published: October 2013

The aim of this study was to assess the survival rate of titanium implants placed in irradiated jaws. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL were searched for studies assessing implants that had been placed in nongrafted sites of irradiated patients. Random effects meta-analyses assessed implant loss in irradiated versus nonirradiated patients and in irradiated patients treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy. Of 1,051 potentially eligible publications, 15 were included. A total of 10,150 implants were assessed in the included studies, and of these, 1,689 (14.3%) had been placed in irradiated jaws. The mean survival rate in the studies ranged from 46.3% to 98.0%. The pooled estimates indicated a significant increase in the risk of implant failure in irradiated patients (risk ratio: 2.74; 95% confidence interval: 1.86, 4.05; p < .00001) and in maxillary sites (risk ratio: 5.96; 95% confidence interval: 2.71, 13.12; p < .00001). Conversely, HBO therapy did not reduce the risk of implant failure (risk ratio: 1.28; 95% confidence interval: 0.19, 8.82; p = .80). Radiotherapy was linked to higher implant failure in the maxilla, and HBO therapy did not improve implant survival. Most included publications reported data on machined implants, and only 3 studies on HBO therapy were included. Overall, implant therapy appears to be a viable treatment option for reestablishing adequate occlusion and masticatory conditions in irradiated patients.
Mastication Improvement After Partial Implant-supported Prosthesis Use
Authors: Gonçalves T.M.S.V. , Campos C.H. , Gonçalves G.M. , de Moraes M. , Rodrigues Garcia R.C.M.
Published: October 2013

Partially edentulous patients may be rehabilitated by the placement of removable dental prostheses, implant-supported removable dental prostheses, or partial implant fixed dental prostheses. However, it is unclear the impact of each prosthesis type over the masticatory aspects, which represents the objective of this paired clinical trial. Twelve patients sequentially received and used each of these 3 prosthesis types for 2 months, after which maximum bite force was assessed by a strain sensor and food comminution index was determined with the sieving method. Masseter and temporal muscle thicknesses during rest and maximal clenching were also evaluated by ultrasonography. Each maxillary arch received a new complete denture that was used throughout the study. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance for repeated measures, followed by the Tukey test ( p < .05). Maximum bite force and food comminution index increased ( p < .0001) after implant-supported dental prosthesis and implant fixed dental prosthesis use, with the higher improvement found after the latter’s use. Regardless of implant-retained prosthesis type, masseter muscle thickness during maximal clenching also increased ( p < .05) after implant insertion. Partial implant-supported prostheses significantly improved masseter muscle thickness and mastication, and the magnitude of this effect was related to prosthesis type (International Clinical Trial Registration RBR-9J26XD).
Implant-supported Mandibular Overdentures in Very Old Adults
Authors: Müller F. , Duvernay E. , Loup A. , Vazquez L. , Herrmann F.R. , Schimmel M.
Published: October 2013

The purpose of this study was (1) to investigate denture satisfaction following the conversion of existing mandibular complete dentures to implant overdentures (IOD) in very old edentulous patients who depend on help for activities of daily living and (2) to evaluate secondary end points, such as functional, structural, nutritional, and patient-centered aspects. For this randomized clinical trial, 2 interforaminal short implants were placed in the intervention group ( n = 16, 85.0 ± 6.19 yrs) to retain mandibular IODs; the control group ( n = 18, 84.1 ± 5.55 yrs) received conventional relines. During the first year, no implant was lost; however, 2 patients died. IODs proved more stable, and participants in the intervention group demonstrated significantly higher denture satisfaction as well as an increased oral health–related quality of life compared to the control group. Maximum voluntary bite force improved significantly with IODs, yet the chewing efficiency was not different between groups. Masseter muscle thickness increased with IODs, mainly on the preferred chewing side. Body mass index decreased in both groups, but the decline tended to be smaller in the intervention group; blood markers and the Mini Nutritional Assessment did not confirm this tendency. These results indicate that edentulous patients who depend on help for activities of daily living may benefit from IODs even late in life (ClinicalTrial.gov NCT01928004).
Generation of biofunctional and biodegradable electrospun nanofibers composed of poly (l-lactic acid) and wool isoelectric precipitate
Authors: Zhang Jing , Li Yi , Li Jiashen , Zhao Zheng , Liu Xuan , Zhang Yu , Hu Junyan , Li Gang
Published: October 2013

The present study introduced a novel biocompatible electrospun membrane composed of poly ( l-lactic acid) (PLLA) and water-insoluble keratin precipitates from wool hydrolyzed solution. Ultrafine nanofibrous membranes were successfully prepared by electrospinning the blend of PLLA and keratin/alcohol suspension. Uniform structure of the composite nanofibers was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy pictures indicated keratin was evenly distributed within the composite fibers. The result of Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra revealed the composition of the keratin/PLLA membrane. X-ray differential spectroscopy suggested that higher crystallinity can be observed from keratin/PLLA composite nanofibers than pristine keratin precipitates. The thermogravimetric analyzer spectra indicated that keratin/PLLA composite fibers possessed more constant thermostability than pristine keratin precipitates. The in vitro degradation of keratin/PLLA composite nanofibers was evaluated by FT-IR spectra and ultraviolet spectra. The experimental results showed that the degradation rate was fast on the first day and slow in the following period. The biocompatibility of the keratin/PLLA composite membrane was examined by MTT assay and the cell proliferation profile was observed by fluorescent micrographs. The results indicated that with the promoting effect on cell adherence and proliferation, this composite material was suitable as a biomedical fabrics candidate for use in drug delivery vehicle and tissue engineering scaffolds.
The accommodationist state: Strategic culture and Italy’s military behaviour
Authors: Rosa Paolo
Published: October 2013

This article aims to highlight the impact of strategic culture on Italian attitude to war and peace. The first section shows how both structural interpretations based on the influence of international variables and domestic models that neglect the cultural dimension offer no adequate explanations of Italy’s military behaviour. The second section reviews the literature on strategic culture and its usefulness to explain the Italian case. The third section examines the characteristics of Italy’s strategic culture through the period of the Republic, and the fourth examines the influence of ideational factors on its military behaviour abroad. In this section, a series of hypotheses derived from structural and cultural models are tested using data from the Correlates of War dataset. The conclusion provides a summary of the research findings that emerged from the empirical analysis.
Keyword extraction for blogs based on content richness
Authors: Park Jinhee , Kim Jaekwang , Lee Jee-Hyong
Published: October 2013

In this paper, a method is proposed to extract topic keywords of blogs, based on the richness of content. If a blog includes rich content related to a topic word, the word can be considered as a keyword of the blog. For this purpose, a new measure, richness, is proposed, which indicates how much a blog covers the trendy subtopics of a keyword. In order to obtain trendy subtopics of keywords, we use outside topical context data – the web. Since the web includes various and trendy information, we can find popular and trendy content related to a topic. For each candidate keyword, a set of web documents is retrieved by Google, and the subtopics found in the web documents are modelled by a probabilistic approach. Based on the subtopic models, the proposed method evaluates the richness of blogs for candidate keywords, in terms of how much a blog covers the trendy subtopics of keywords. If a blog includes various contents on a word, the word needs to be chosen as one of the keywords of the blog. In the experiments, the proposed method is compared with various methods, and shows better results, in terms of hit count, trendiness and consistency.
Overview of the Pancreatic Toxicity and Carcinogenesis Session
Authors: Pandiri Arun R. , Schultze A. Eric
Published: October 2013

The theme of the Society of Toxicologic Pathology Annual Symposium 2013 was “Toxicologic Pathology of the Digestive Tract and Pancreas.” The last session focused on pancreatic toxicity and carcinogenesis. This overview highlights the various presentations in this session, focusing on pancreatic toxicologic pathology, responses of the pancreas to xenobiotics, and current understanding on pancreatic carcinogenesis. The objective of this symposium overview and the subsequent articles from this session is to enable the audience to develop a better appreciation for the pancreas as a target organ in toxicological studies.
Religion as heritage, religion as belief: Shifting frontiers of secularism in Europe, the USA and Brazil
Authors: Lehmann David
Published: October 2013

This article draws a distinction between religion as heritage and as belief, and also shows the complications which arise in predominantly Christian countries when ‘new arrivals’ and evangelical, Pentecostal, or conversion-led, movements claim the recognition which has historically been afforded to hegemonic churches. Using evidence from Europe, the USA and Brazil it reveals the uncertain implementation of the state–religion boundary in the law, in taxation and in politics, and shows how even the most secular states allow religious institutions special exemptions, albeit in different ways. It asks whether religion is not producing demands amounting to a separate citizenship and why religious expression should require privileged treatment additional to freedom of speech in a secular world where religious affiliation is regarded as a matter of personal choice. It also questions the assumption of market theories of religion that more and more intense religion is good for religion and good for society.
African affirmations: The religion of modernity and the modernity of religion
Authors: Swidler Ann
Published: October 2013

This article contrasts three broad traditions that organize competing patterns of authority, community, and cooperation in contemporary Africa: the Axial religions (Christianity and Islam); indigenous chieftaincy systems based around chief, lineage, and clan; and globalized modernity, represented primarily by NGOs and the global human rights agenda. The article argues that in many respects it is the Axial religions that are the most modernizing, as they directly counter the power of traditional kin obligations (and the overwhelming dangers of witchcraft), while the purportedly modern and secular NGOs practice a ritualized version of modernity, even as they are penetrated by the norms and practices of the kin-based chieftaincy system and its related system of patron–client ties.
Student Self-Regulated Learning in an Urban High School
Authors: Cleary Timothy J. , Callan Gregory L.
Published: October 2013

This study examined the predictive validity of a teacher rating scale called the Self-Regulation Strategy Inventory–Teacher Rating Scale (SRSI-TRS) and its level of convergence with several student self-report measures of self-regulated learning (SRL). Eighty-seven high school students enrolled in one of four sections of a mathematics course in an urban high school and one mathematics teacher participated in the study. Correlation analyses revealed moderate correlations between the SRSI-TRS and self-report questionnaires targeting students’ motivation beliefs (i.e., mathematics interest) and regulatory behaviors in mathematics. Students’ self-efficacy perceptions correlated with all SRL and achievement measures, but not the SRSI-TRS. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that the SRSI-TRS emerged as the primary SRL predictor of achievement although student reports of their maladaptive SRL behaviors was a significant predictor in the final model.
Scent in science and culture
Authors: Hoffmann Beata
Published: October 2013

Although we are not aware of many spontaneous sensual experiences, we learn about the surrounding world through our senses. One of the objects of sensual experience is smell. It influences our decisions, shapes social interactions and is also a carrier of social meanings. Unfortunately, long-term conviction about the domination of sight over smell led to a belief in the pictorial character of our contemporary culture. Moreover, constant fluctuations between the promotion and ignoring of olfactory data have played a role in the neglect of the importance of smell in social studies. In this article I show how important the sense of smell has been through many centuries of science, and point out that the alleged linguistic and methodological difficulties of this topic, as well as the subjective interpretation of smell, should not be an obstacle in the development of research on smell in social studies.
The effect of cylinder deactivation on the performance of a diesel engine
Authors: Mo Haijun , Huang Yongquan , Mao Xiaojian , Zhuo Bin
Published: October 2013

In this paper, the deactivation of diesel engines used in road vehicles was studied because it changes the progress of combustion, which might be advantageous to the economy of engines. Based on a one-dimensional simulation and an experimental study of a supercharged diesel engine which deactivates half the cylinders at light loads and idle, this paper presents results which show that, when the mean effective pressure of the engine is lower than 3.5 bar, cylinder deactivation decreases the brake specific fuel consumption by 0–17% and by 26% at idle if the intake valves and the exhaust valves are kept closed at the same time. However, the engine and the supercharger do not match well after deactivation and the mass of intake air decreased greatly, which also resulted in a large decrease in the nitrogen oxide emissions.
Dynamic modelling of diesel engine emissions using the parametric Volterra series
Authors: Burke Richard D , Baumann Wolf , Akehurst Sam , Brace Chris J
Published: October 2013

The design of powertrain controllers relies on the availability of data-driven models of the emissions formation from internal-combustion engines. Typically these are in the form of tables or statistical regression models based on data obtained from stabilised experiments. However, as the complexity of engine systems increases, the number of experiments required to obtain the effects of each actuator becomes large. In addition, the models are only valid under stable operating conditions and do not give any information as to dynamic behaviour. In this paper, the use of the Volterra series (dynamic polynomial models) calculated from dynamic measurements is presented as an alternative to the steady-state models. Dynamic measurements of gaseous exhaust emissions were taken for a 2.0 l automotive diesel engine installed on a transient engine dynamometer. Sinusoidally based excitations were used to vary the engine speed, the load, the main injection timing, the exhaust gas recirculation valve position and the fuel injection pressure. Volterra models calculated for nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide emissions presented high levels of fit with R2 values of 0.85 and 0.91 respectively and normalised r.m.s. error values of 6.8% and 6.6% respectively for a cold-start New European Driving Cycle. Models for carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbon emissions presented poorer levels of fit (normalised r.m.s. errors of 26% and 17% respectively), with difficulties in obtaining the high non-linearities of the measured data, notably for very high emission levels.
The inadequate archive: Ethical remaking in Silvia Kolbowski’s After Hiroshima mon amour
Authors: Jones David Houston
Published: October 2013

This article considers Silvia Kolbowski’s video installation After Hiroshima mon amour as an instance of ethical remaking. In remaking Duras and Resnais’s Hiroshima mon amour (1959) in the shadow of the Iraq war, Kolbowski taps into an existing repetition dynamic: Kolbowski foregrounds the impossibility of an end to the conflict in Iraq by reference to a film concerned with the memorial persistence of Hiroshima. Kolbowski’s practice further recalls the concern with remaking in Derrida’s account of archive fever. In Derrida, to archive is both to record and to erase: repetition compulsion is bound up with the death drive. Kolbowski contests Derrida’s conception of the archive by reshaping the memory and amnesia of Hiroshima mon amour through two interrelated strategies: first, an iterative process focusing on a film which is itself concerned with repetition; and, second, by problematising the classification and archiving of her own work.
Joseph Epstein (1911–1944): The case of the forgotten Resistance hero rescued by the artist Pascal Convert
Authors: Saint Nigel
Published: October 2013

This article examines the contemporary French artist Pascal Convert’s (b. 1957) projects relating to a forgotten leader of the French Resistance, Joseph Epstein, who was Polish, Jewish and a Communist. Convert had included Epstein among the 1006 French and foreign men commemorated on his 2002 monument at Mont-Valérien, but his realisation of Epstein’s importance came later and led to a documentary, a biography and sculptures of Epstein and his son, Georges Duffau. First, the documentary and biography are discussed in terms of Epstein’s case as a forgotten Resistance hero. Second, the historiography and form of both works are seen as keys to Convert’s contribution to accounts of this contested period. Last, it is argued that the sculptures of Epstein and other related artworks complete Convert’s engagement with the question of the transmission of memory. We see how Convert’s Epstein works represent an unparalleled triple intervention in documentary film, biography and the plastic arts.
Poetry into painting: Mallarmé, Picasso and punning
Authors: Shingler Katherine
Published: October 2013

This article gives a critical assessment of the relationship between the poetry of Stéphane Mallarmé and the Cubist painting and collage of Pablo Picasso. Taking in a range of critical sources that have insisted on Picasso’s ‘mallarmisme’, the article sets out to shift scholarly debate away from its focus on Picasso’s punning reference to Un coup de dés in a 1912 collage, and its suggestion of a dialogue between poet and painter around high art and its relationship to popular, commercial forms of production. It proposes that we instead focus our attention on the punning structures shared by Mallarmé and Picasso’s work more generally – structures which give rise to a sense of simultaneity, or overlaps of meaning, and which ultimately suggest that in engaging with Mallarmé’s poetry Picasso was self-consciously reflecting on the notion of painting as a kind of language, with its own syntax.
The Weight of the Word
Authors: Warin Megan J. , Gunson Jessica S.
Published: October 2013

In this article, we examine the ethical and methodological tensions entailed in doing qualitative research in obesity studies. Framing our own embodied engagements through critical social theory, we consider how cultural meanings associated with obesity are silenced and negotiated in the research process. This negotiation is fraught with linguistic and corporeal challenges, beginning with the decision to use (or not use) the word obesity in research materials. Obesity is a visible stigma, and we argue that silencing language does not erase the tacit judgments that accompany discursive categorization. It is in a broader context of power relations that we examine the relationship between researcher and participant bodies and the ways in which collective knowingness about fat bodies underpins methodological engagement. The simultaneous presence and absence of obesity have a significant impact on the research process, in shaping both participants’ experiences and the researcher’s actions and interpretations.
Barriers to Adoption of Ergonomic Innovations in the Construction Industry
Authors: Glimskär Bo , Lundberg Stefan
Published: October 2013

More work-related injuries and problems occur in the construction industry than in other industries, particularly with regard to musculoskeletal disorders. One reason might be that the industry is organized around projects that lead to short-term benefits and does not stimulate innovations that will reduce injuries in the future. In this article, we present the findings from a survey performed in Sweden among 50 floor-laying companies. The results indicate that short-term income revenues override concerns over the long-term risks of injuries and employees leaving the profession as a result of those injuries.
Flight Deck Automation
Authors: Geiselman Eric E. , Johnson Christopher M. , Buck David R. , Patrick Timothy
Published: October 2013

In our July 2013 article, “Flight Deck Automation: Invaluable Collaborator or Insidious Enabler?” we addressed the problems induced by flight deck automation. In this second of our two-article series, we propose design concepts intended to improve safety by modifying the interface between human operators and the automation they supervise. We provide examples illustrating our vision toward the implementation of a more context-aware system to enable effective communication of intent, goal progression, and limitations between machine functions and human operators.
Exact inverse elastic scattering of a crack in the time domain
Authors: Bui HD
Published: October 2013

This paper addresses the inverse elastic scattering problem of a planar crack in a bounded 3D solid and the time domain from measurements on its boundary. In a series of papers devoted to electrostatics, elasticity, heat diffusion, acoustics, and thermoelasticity, it has been shown that, using the reciprocity gap functional method combining current fields and adjoining ones, closed form solutions have been obtained for the identification of a planar crack in a bounded solid for different physics. This paper proposes the complete solution for the inverse elastic scattering by a crack, using new adjoint wave fields which provide each component of the slip jump so that the solution for the geometry is the union of the slip jump supports. The method of solution proposed takes into account the unilateral contact condition on the crack lips which has not been considered in the literature.
Disease-specific self-efficacy in the eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Ballou Sarah , Taft Tiffany , Keefer Laurie
Published: October 2013

Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disorders (EGIDs) are chronic inflammatory conditions with increasing global prevalence. Self-efficacy is important for patients’ ability to manage chronic disease. We sought to evaluate disease-specific self-efficacy in the EGIDs via a modified version of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self-Efficacy Scale (IBD-SES). Ninety-one Participants reported demographic, clinical, and psychosocial variables. The IBD-SES demonstrated excellent reliability and validity in this population. Self-efficacy was higher in men, patients with less severe disease, and those who had consulted a dietitian. The IBD-SES is a useful measure of disease-specific self-efficacy in the EGIDs. Further research is necessary to understand the role of self-efficacy in the management of these illnesses.
From Kraepelin to a modern and integrative scientific discipline: The development of transcultural psychiatry in Germany
Authors: Machleidt Wielant , Sieberer Marcel
Published: October 2013

The roots of transcultural psychiatry in Germany can be traced back to Emil Kraepelin, who made the first culturally comparative observations on mental disorders in Southeast Asia at the start of the 20th century. Since the beginning of the 1970s, contributors to the literature of transcultural psychiatry in Germany have been predominantly concerned with the mental health of migrant workers from Mediterranean countries, particularly the practical difficulties and therapeutic implications of inpatient psychiatric treatment of these migrant groups. The inauguration of the Section on Transcultural Psychiatry of the German Association for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy 20 years ago reflected an increasing scientific interest in this topic. In addition to the psychic impact of migration, research into transcultural care is currently focused on disparities in the utilization of health care and conjectured barriers to access to health and mental health care among migrants. Furthermore, studies based on epidemiological approaches have been carried out in order to resolve the question of whether migrants are as affected by mental disorders as the ethnic German population, and which issues contribute to the so-called “healthy migrant” effect. Other topics that have been explored in the last 10 years are the particular psychosocial situation of asylum seekers and refugees in Germany, and the effects of inadequate integration and discrimination on their mental health. In summary, after a short historical and theoretical overview, this article reviews the current major themes in transcultural research in German contemporary psychiatry, and concludes with an overview of future developments in this field.
Mapping of cavitating flow regimes in injectors for medium-/heavy-duty diesel engines
Authors: Mitroglou Nicholas , Gavaises Manolis
Published: October 2013

Reducing the sac volume size of medium-/heavy-duty diesel engine injector nozzles can minimise the fuel dripping into the combustion chamber at the end of injection events, which has been linked to reduced engine-out emissions. This study demonstrates the effect of reduction in the sac volume of diesel fuel injectors utilised in medium-/heavy-duty applications on the internal nozzle flow. This is realised by comparison of two heavy-duty diesel nozzles that feature a large difference in sac volume size of almost three times. For visualisation purposes, the nozzles have been enlarged by six times, and replicas were manufactured from a transparent material. High-speed digital imaging was used to capture the instantaneous spatial and temporal characteristics of geometric as well as dynamic vortex cavitation structures. The investigation was conducted in a steady-state flow test rig for three different needle valve lifts. For all tested conditions, the flow behaviour was analysed at three distinct areas of the nozzle, these being the needle seat, the sac volume and the injection hole. Interpretation of experimental observations was supported by parallel computational fluid dynamics simulations of the exact conditions measured during the experiments. Post-processing of the captured images has revealed the ensemble – average cavitation location, its standard deviation and the cavitation structures life – time inside the sac volume. Results showed a significant dependency of the internal nozzle flow on the sac volume size and identified clear differences in the structure of the cavitation pockets inside the sac volume under certain operating conditions.
‘We just know!’: Tacit knowledge and knowledge production in the Turkish advertising industry
Authors: Kaptan Yesim
Published: October 2013

Drawing on interviews with advertisers in three Turkish advertising agencies, this paper analyses the knowledge production practices of these agencies in order to understand how tacit knowledge has become the main source of differentiation for survival in the advertising sector. Relying on Pierre Bourdieu’s definition of common sense and Alfred Schutz’s social theory of knowledge, I argue that the production of implicit or tacit knowledge – non-verbal, or otherwise unarticulated and intuitive forms of knowledge – is understood not merely as a business strategy and a battleground within and between agencies, but as a socially constructed form of power, working through discursive practices in advertising business. Thus, tacit knowledge, as a practical strategy, is employed for the purposes of improvisation and invention within the structured social order of the advertising field. In advertising, explicit or codified knowledge depends upon and privileges tacit knowledge in knowledge production processes, which are profoundly based on strategies of typification, human capital, common sense and everyday experience.
“I Know How You Feel”: Preschoolers’ emotion knowledge contributes to early school success
Authors: Denham Susanne A , Bassett Hideko H , Brown Chavaughn , Way Erin , Steed Jessica
Published: October 2013

Differences in emotion knowledge by children’s age, gender, and socioeconomic risk status, as well as associations of emotion knowledge with executive control, social competence, and early classroom adjustment, were investigated. On emotion knowledge, 4- and 5-year-olds scored higher than 3-year-olds, with girls showing this effect more strongly. Socioeconomic risk status and emotion knowledge were negatively related. Furthermore, executive control was found to contribute to variance in emotion knowledge. Even with age, gender, socioeconomic risk status, and executive control covaried, emotion knowledge contributed to variance in social competence. Given these covariates, it contributed only indirectly to classroom adjustment, via its contribution to social competence. Implications are discussed for practice and policy attention to emotion knowledge within social–emotional curricula and assessment, targeting the period between ages 3 and 4 years, as well as children living in poverty.
Preliminary steps towards a more preventative approach to eliminating violence against women in Europe
Authors: Gadd David , Fox Claire L , Hale Rebecca
Published: October 2013

This article discusses findings from a project funded by the European Commission’s DAPHNE III programme that sought to enhance the provision of relationship education and domestic abuse prevention in European schools and other educational facilities: the REaDAPt (Relationship Education and Domestic Abuse Prevention tuition) project. It summarizes what is known about effective prevention from the research literature before explaining what the REaDAPt project revealed about changing attitudes, about implementing and evaluating domestic abuse prevention programmes in educational settings, and about being responsive to young people’s perspectives in the delivery of interventions. The article concludes by highlighting the iterative nature of the research needed to help develop relationship education and domestic abuse prevention tuition on a Europe-wide scale.
Investigation of photodynamic therapy optimization for port wine stain using modulation of photosensitizer administration methods
Authors: Wang Ying , Zuo Zhaohui , Liao Xiaohua , Gu Ying , Qiu Haixia , Zeng Jing
Published: October 2013

To raise photosensitizer concentration level during the photodynamic therapy process, two new methods of photosensitizer administration were investigated. The first method involves the slow intravenous injection of photosensitizer throughout the first 15 min of irradiation, and the second method involves 30 min fomentation before photosensitizer injection and irradiation. The fluorescence spectra of port wine stain skin were monitored and the therapeutic effect correlated index was calculated with a previously published spectral algorithm. Thirty cases were divided into group A (slow injection of photosensitizer during the first 15 min), group B (fomentation), and group C (control group, traditional injection method), with 10 cases in each group. To analyze the effect of these two new methods, the change of therapeutic effect correlated index values of two photodynamic therapy sessions for each patient were calculated, and the photodynamic therapy outcome was compared. The results showed that the change of therapeutic effect correlated index in group A was slightly more remarkable than that in the control group. The change of therapeutic effect correlated index in group B was similar to that in the control group. Slow injection of photosensitizer during photodynamic therapy has a potential to increase photosensitizer concentration level during photodynamic therapy. However, fomentation before photodynamic therapy has no such potential. There is a need for new methods to be attempted.
‘If you had only listened carefully …’: The discursive construction of emerging leadership in a UK all-women management team
Authors: Baxter Judith
Published: October 2013

Increasingly, feminist linguistic research has adopted a discursive perspective to learn how women and men ‘do’ leadership in gendered ways. ‘Women’ as a social category is made relevant to this study by virtue of the lack of female senior leaders in UK businesses (Sealy and Vinnicombe, 2013). Much previous research has analysed leadership discourse in mixed gender groups, relying on theories that imply comparisons between men and women. Using an Interactional Sociolinguistic approach, this study aims to learn more about how women perform leadership in the absence of men by analysing the spoken interactions of a women-only team who were engaged in a competitive leadership task. The analysis reveals that the women accomplish leadership in multiple and complex ways that defy binary gendered classifications. Nonetheless, there is a distinctive gendered dynamic to the team’s interactions which, it is argued, might be disadvantageous to women aspiring to senior positions.
Application of stem-cell media to explant culture of human periosteum: An optimal approach for preparing osteogenic cell material
Authors: Uematsu Kohya , Nagata Masaki , Kawase Tomoyuki , Suzuki Kenji , Takagi Ritsuo
Published: October 2013

As part of our clinical tests on bone regeneration using cultured periosteal sheets, here, we prepared cultured periosteal sheets in two types of stem-cell culture media, STK1 and STK3. Human periosteum was expanded either in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1 for 28 days, in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1 for 14 days followed by 1% human serum–supplemented STK3 for 14 days (1% human serum–supplemented STK1+3), or in 10% fetal bovine serum–supplemented Medium 199 for 28 days (control). Cultured periosteal sheet diameter and DNA content were significantly higher, and the multilayer structure was prominent in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1 and 1% human serum–supplemented STK1+3. The messenger RNA of osteoblastic markers was significantly upregulated in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1+3. Osteopontin-immunopositive staining and mineralization were evident across a wide area of the cultured periosteal sheet in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1+3. Subcutaneous implantation in nude mice following expansion in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1+3 produced the highest cultured periosteal sheet osteogenic activity. Expansion in 1% human serum–supplemented STK1+3 successfully induced cultured periosteal sheet growth while retaining osteogenic potential, and subsequent osteoblastic induction promoted the production of homogeneous cell material.