bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peran Operator E-Kinerja dalam Proses Persiapan Data Monitoring Seorang Guru
Authors: Abdiyantoro Restu , Daheri Mirzon , Warlizasusi Jumira , Sumarto Sumarto
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai monitoring kinerja guru melalui e-kinerja pada instansi pendidikan di SMA Negeri 01 Tebing Tinggi, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran opertator ekinerja serta tantangan dan hambatan dalama menyusun laporan ekinerja sumber primer dan sumber sekunder, Sumber data primer dalam penelitian ini menggunakan hasil observasi dan wawancara dan data sekunder yang di gunakan jurnal dan buku buku yang relavan mengenai kurikulum, Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran yang dimainkan dalam mendukung kelancaran administrasi guru adalah krusial. Pertama, membantu guru dengan melengkapi keperluan administrasi seperti penyusunan laporan kegiatan mengajar, evaluasi siswa, dan dokumentasi lainnya yang diperlukan. Selanjutnya, mereka membantu dalam mengorganisir berkas-berkas agar sesuai dengan persyaratan aplikasi E-kinerja untuk diunggah. Proses ini melibatkan konversi berkas menjadi format digital yang teratur dan dapat diakses dengan mudah di dalam drive. Meskipun demikian, terdapat tantangan seperti kesulitan dalam membagi waktu antara berbagai tugas administratif yang mendesak. Kurangnya pemahaman terhadap materi pelajaran yang diajarkan oleh guru dapat mempersulit pengelolaan dokumen yang berkaitan. Hal ini dapat diperparah dengan kurangnya bimbingan langsung dari guru terkait, yang sering kali mengakibatkan hasil akhir yang kurang optimal dalam pengelolaan administrasi.
Peran Keluarga Kristen Terhadap Pembentukan Karakter Anak Usia Dini di Jemaat GKI EL-ROI Sentani Jayapura Papua
Authors: Bernard Labobar  , Pattipeiluhu Krislina
Published: June 2024

Peran keluarga sangat dominan dalam mendukung dan membangun karakter anak. Hubungan positif yang dibangun sejak dini dalam keluarga memberikan kontribusi pada kemampuan anak dalam menjalin hubungan dengan orang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran keluarga kristen dalam mengembangkan karakter anak usia dini di Jemaat GKI Elroi Sentani Kabupaten Jayapura Papua. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik mengumpulkan data yaitu observasi and wawancara. Wawancara dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara terfokus terhadap 20 keluarga yang memilki anak usia dini. Sedangkan observasi dilakukan terhadap anak usia dini di lingkungan keluarga, gereja, sekolah, dan sosial. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa peran keluarga Kristen terhadap pembentukan karakter anak kurang optimal. Ada empat acuan yang digunakan dalam melihat pembetukan karakter anak yaitu kebiasaan beribadah, berdoa, pengenalan firman Tuhan, dan Penanaman Kasih. Keempat acuan tersebut belum menunjukkan kontribusi positif orangtua untuk memenuhinya. Pokok persoalan yang terjadi di Jemaat Elroi Sentani adalah, orang tua lebih sibuk dengan pekerjaan sehari-hari mereka sehingga megakibatkan perkembangan pembentukan karakter anak usia dini tidak berkembang dengan baik. Hal itu nampak dari perilaku anak terhadap orang tua/keluarga  dan sesamanya seperti, suka melawan orang tua, malas mengikuti ibadah sekolah minggu, mengucapkan kata tabuh, dan sebagainya
Ranah Iman dan Akal Budi Menghadapi Covid 19
Authors: Natalia Arie Rissing
Published: June 2024

Kontradiksi penggunaan iman dan akal budi selalu terjadi dikalangan orang Kristen.  Apakah orang Kristen adalah orang yang beriman atau harusnya berakal? Terutama menghadapi persoalan-persoalan kehidupan.  Tujuan dari penulisan ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada orang Kristen mengenai iman dan akal budi, kapan harus menggunakan iman dan kapan harus menggunakan akal dan kapan kedua-duanya harus dapat berjalan beriringan.  Manfaat dari penulisan ini, agar orang Kristen punya ketetapan hati akan kebenaran yang diyakininya, berdasarkan kebenaran firman Tuhan.  Tidak gampang diombang-ambingkan oleh pengajaran-pengajaran di luar kebenaran Alkitab, yang adalah firman Allah
Analisis Iman Abraham Sebagai Model Iman Masa Kini Berdasarkan Surat Galatia 3:6-9
Authors: Ruy Margareta , Hendi
Published: June 2024

Artikel ini akan mencoba membahas mengenai iman Abraham sebagai model iman masa kini. Dewasa ini, iman menjadi  pusat baru orang Kristen merasa terjamin dalam kehidupannya. Sehingga, yang dipikirkan hanyalah iman yang diwarisi sudah cukup menyelamatkan akhir kehidupan. Namun lebih dari itu, orang percaya yang beriman bukan sekedar iman warisan, tetapi orang percaya harus mengorientasikan iman sebagai orang percaya kepada Allah yang dipercayai seperti Abraham yang menjadi model iman orang percaya. Meneladani Abraham akan memberikan keuntungan tersendiri bagi orang percaya. Meneladani iman Abraham membuat kepercayaannya akan diperhitungkan oleh Allah. Sebab, kepercayaan Abraham terhitung sebagai kebenaran sehingga orang yang beriman adalah anak-anak Abraham dan semua orang yang beriman diberkati seperti Abraham. Karena itu,  penulis akan memaparkan model iman Abraham sebagai contoh bagi orang percaya masa kini. Dalam penulis artikel ini, metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksegesis. Penulis memaparkan menggunakan metode eksegesis. Penulis memperoleh data dari teks Surat Galatia 3:6-9 yang diambil dari The Greek New Testam ent Nestle-Aland 28th Edition of the Greek New Testament. Kemudian penulis menganalisis data menggunakan metode eksposisi yang mencari dan menemukan makna spiritual dalam isi semantis di balik teks Surat Galatia 3:6-9. Kemudian teks tersebut akan menjadi fokus utama berinteraksi dengan teks lain dan literatur yang mendukung.
Development of smart glazing techniques for efficient buildings
Authors:   , Lami Mohammed Abdulsattar Jabbar
Published: June 2024

In recent times, the buildings sector has emerged as a major consumer of energy in urban areas. Among various contributors, windows in the external envelope of buildings are particularly responsible for a significant portion of energy consumption due to their high thermal conductivity. The integration of smart films with traditional glazing has been explored as a means to modify the opt properties of windows. However, this integration can affect the visual connection between occupants and the outside views. This thesis focuses on advancing smart windows to enhance their thermal and daylight performance, with two main developments proposed. The first development involves the use of double-glazed ventilated windows in cold climate regions. These windows utilise waste air from the building for ventilation. However, existing research indicates that under certain conditions, the waste air may be insufficient to maintain proper ventilation. To address this, the thesis proposes validated procedures that optimise the utilisation of waste air, enabling sustained ventilation for longer periods. This optimisation contributes to improved thermal efficiency of ventilated windows and energy savings in buildings. Experimental results obtained from a small-scale test room demonstrate that implementing the proposed optimisation process can achieve energy savings of up to 83% compared to conventional double-glazed windows. The second development focuses on integrating a double-glazed window with a polymer dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film for hot climate regions. Previous research overlooked the impact of reduced optical transmission on the window's visual clarity. This thesis introduces an image-processing quantification algorithm for evaluating the visual experience through PDLC windows. The algorithm identifies the comfortable visible range and determines the lowest acceptable transparency level to maintain satisfactory visual communication with the outdoor environment. Experimental results from a small-scale test room indicate that implementing the proposed quantification process enables the provision of a customized range of visual quality based on user preferences. The system also ensures that the operating visibility does not fall below a pre-defined threshold level. The trial illustrates that altering the PVR ratio from 0 to 1 has the potential to alter the mean contrast value in a clear sky setting, shifting it from 0.18 to 0.37. Additionally, in order to ensure a minimum acceptable vision quality, the proposed algorithm ensures that the optical transmittance of the window remains above a specified threshold valu
Succession if the reorganization of corporation is failed
Authors: Alekseev Arsenii Ivanovich
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the consequences of the failed reorganization of the corporation and the recognition by the court of the reorganization of the corporation as invalid by referring to the nature and content of such categories as the legal personality of a legal entity and universal succession. By referring to the essence of universal transitive succession, the necessity of termination of some legal entities and the emergence of others is proved so that transactions made by those created as a result of defective reorganization remain valid, and grants made, in particular, in fulfillment of such transactions are not considered unjustified enrichment. The existence of subjective rights and obligations for legal entities created as a result of the failed reorganization is explained by their legal personality. A comparison is made of the consequences of recognizing the reorganization of the corporation as failed and recognizing the transaction as invalid, as well as the consequences of conducting a defective reorganization and making a disputed or void transaction.   The methodological basis of the study was analysis, analogy, as well as deductive, comparative, hermeneutical and systematic methods. The novelty of the study lies in the conclusion about the consistency of succession when recognizing the reorganization of a corporation as invalid, despite the provisions of Article 60.2 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. The inconsistency of the provisions of the law on the consequences of declaring a reorganization invalid is emphasized in relation to the issue of the consistency of succession and the preservation of the validity of transactions concluded by legal entities created as a result of the failed reorganization, as well as perfect execution. It is concluded that it is impossible to compare both the consequences of recognizing the reorganization as failed and recognizing the transaction as invalid, as well as the consequences of conducting a defective reorganization and making a disputed or void transaction. This conclusion is justified by the "retroactive force" of the court's decision to declare the disputed transaction invalid, canceling the legal consequences of such a transaction. An insignificant transaction does not generate consequences at all.
Phosphate as an adjunct to calcium in promoting coronary vascular calcification in chronic inflammatory states
Authors: Klein Gordon L
Published: June 2024

Bone releases calcium and phosphate in response to pro-inflammatory cytokine-mediated inflammation. The body develops impaired urinary excretion of phosphate with age and chronic inflammation given the reduction of the kidney protein Klotho, which is essential to phosphate excretion. Phosphate may also play a role in the development of the resistance of the parathyroid calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) to circulating calcium thus contributing to calcium retention in the circulation. Phosphate can contribute to vascular smooth muscle dedifferentiation with manifestation of osteoblastogenesis and ultimately endovascular calcium phosphate precipitation. Thus phosphate, along with calcium, contributes to the calcification and inflammation of atherosclerotic plaques and the origin of these elements is likely the bone, which serves as storage for the majority of the body’s supply of extracellular calcium and phosphate. Early cardiac evaluation of patients with chronic inflammation and attempts at up-regulating the parathyroid CaSR with calcimimetics or introducing earlier anti-resorptive treatment with bone active pharmacologic agents may serve to delay onset or reduce the quantity of atherosclerotic plaque calcification in these patients.
SCC3 is an axial element essential for homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis
Authors: Zhao Yangzi , Ren Lijun , Zhao Tingting , You Hanli , Miao Yongjie , Liu Huixin , Cao Lei , Wang Bingxin , Shen Yi , Li Yafei , Tang Ding , Cheng Zhukuan
Published: June 2024

Cohesin is a multi-subunit protein that plays a pivotal role in holding sister chromatids together during cell division. Sister chromatid cohesion 3 (SCC3), constituents of cohesin complex, is highly conserved from yeast to mammals. Since the deletion of individual cohesin subunit always causes lethality, it is difficult to dissect its biological function in both mitosis and meiosis. Here, we obtained scc3 weak mutants using CRISPR-Cas9 system to explore its function during rice mitosis and meiosis. The scc3 weak mutants displayed obvious vegetative defects and complete sterility, underscoring the essential roles of SCC3 in both mitosis and meiosis. SCC3 is localized on chromatin from interphase to prometaphase in mitosis. However, in meiosis, SCC3 acts as an axial element during early prophase I and subsequently situates onto centromeric regions following the disassembly of the synaptonemal complex. The loading of SCC3 onto meiotic chromosomes depends on REC8. scc3 shows severe defects in homologous pairing and synapsis. Consequently, SCC3 functions as an axial element that is essential for maintaining homologous chromosome pairing and synapsis during meiosis.
Altered vaginal cervical microbiota diversity contributes to HPV-induced cervical cancer via inflammation regulation
Authors: Yang Yiheng , Zhu Jufan , Feng Renqian , Han Mengfei , Chen Fenghua , Hu Yan
Published: June 2024

Background

Cancer has surpassed infectious diseases and heart ailments, taking the top spot in the disease hierarchy. Cervical cancer is a significant concern for women due to high incidence and mortality rates, linked to the human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV infection leads to precancerous lesions progressing to cervical cancer. The cervix’s external os, near the vagina, hosts various microorganisms. Evidence points to the link between vaginal microbiota and HPV-induced cervical cancer. Cervical cancer onset aligns with an imbalanced Th1/Th2 immune response, but the role of vaginal microbiota in modulating this imbalance is unclear.

Methods

In this study, we collected vaginal samples from 99 HPV-infected patients across varying degrees of lesions, alongside control groups. These samples underwent bacterial DNA sequencing. Additionally, we employed Elisa kits to quantify the protein expression levels of Th1/Th2 cytokines IL2, IL12, IL5, IL13, and TNFa within the centrifuged supernatant of vaginal-cervical secretions from diverse research subjects. Subsequently, correlation analyses were conducted between inflammatory factors and vaginal microbiota.

Results

Our findings highlighted a correlation between decreased Lactobacillus and increased Gardenerella presence with HPV-induced cervical cancer. Functionally, our predictive analysis revealed the predominant enrichment of the ABC transporter within the vaginal microbiota of cervical cancer patients. Notably, these microbiota alterations exhibited correlations with the production of Th1/Th2 cytokines, which are intimately tied to tumor immunity.

Conclusions

This study suggests the potential involvement of vaginal microbiota in the progression of HPV-induced cervical cancer through Th1/Th2 cytokine regulation. This novel insight offers a fresh perspective for early cervical cancer diagnosis and future prevention strategies.
Influence of Simulated Erosion on Soil Properties and Maize Yield in the Southern Guinea Savanah Zone of Nigeria I
Authors: B.I. Agada , P.I. Agber, , S. Idoga , F.D. Ugese
Published: June 2024

Long term studies were initiated to study topsoil loss and its effects on soil properties and crop yield. This study was conducted during the 2016 through 2019 cropping seasons to assess the influence of artificial topsoil loss on soil properties and grain yield of maize. Three geo- referenced sites within the Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Nigeria namely: Site 1, Site_2 and Site_3 were used for the experiment. Erosion levels were established in June 2016 only by the incremental removal of topsoil at various depths.  The study of crop productivity using simulated erosion was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with desurfaced soil depths of 0cm (control), 5cm, 10cm, 15cm and 20cm as treatments. One profile pit was also dug in each of the three sites for soil characterization and soil type establishment. Data collected on soil physical and chemical properties as well as crop growth parameters and grain yield were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using R Statistical Software. Results of the study showed that the soils of the three sites were classified as Kandic Paleustepts for Site_1, Typic Plinthustalfs for Site_2 and Typic Hapluderts for Site_3. We report the effects of topsoil loss on soil characteristics in this paper for two years only.
Excessive Trabeculation of the Left Ventricle Revealed by de Novo Heart Failure in Adults: A Clinical Case with a Literature Review
Authors: Bacharou M. Charfo , Ovaga BE. , Sidi B. Mohammed , Mulendele P.M , Njie M. , Haboub M. , Azzouzi L. , Habbal R.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Rare cardiomyopathy left ventricle non-compaction (LVNC) or excess trabeculation is an unclassified heart disease related to the cessation of the normal process of myocardial development during the first trimester of pregnancy. Familial forms account for approximately half of the cases, and men are the most affected. The usual clinical presentation corresponds to the classic triad, which includes heart failure, arrhythmias, and thromboembolic manifestations.
Case Presentation: Here, we describe the case of a 56-year-old man with no pathological history who consulted for dyspnea, and in whom transthoracic echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging have made it possible to retain the diagnosis of an excess of trabeculations complicated by heart failure and an apical thrombus.
Conclusion: LVNC is a rare cardiomyopathy that frequently affects men and is diagnosed using echocardiography and in borderline cases, supplemented by cardiac MRI.
Overall Summery of Gulf Country Employees from Bangladesh, Preliminary Evaluation for Abnormal Kidney Liver and Virally Infected Individuals Using Low-cost Tests Like CBC Parameters
Authors: Jaman Md. Sadikuj , Maniruzzaman Md. , Rana Md. Rakib Rased , Bhuyan Md. Rokibul Hasan , Akter Laila , Ahmad Shamim , Ullah Md. Neyamat , Saifujjaman Md.
Published: June 2024

Hepatitis B Viruses antigen (HBsAg), Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and Syphilis is a major public concern because of shared route of transmission. Alanine transaminase (ALT) and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Bilirubin is measured for abnormal liver function test and Abnormal Kidney function is measured by creatinine. The complete blood count (CBC) is the most common examination used to monitor overall health in clinical practice as well as cheap in Bangladesh. Radiological Image could have cheap but HBsAg, HCV, HIV and Syphilis test is cost effective. The main aim to this study is to determine the viral positive, abnormal Kidney, Liver function patient’s detection by doing cheap CBC test parameters. In this study, we have calculated normal patients CBC parameter and same HBsAg, HCV and syphilis patients, abnormal kidney and liver functions patients CBC parameters have been assembled. We also find out the relation with radiological image of chest X-ray for viral positive patients. The result of the study indicated that all CBC parameter of positive HBsAg, HCV and syphilis, abnormal kidney and liver patients approximately same. But only Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) and Platelet number have significant value. Abnormal Kidney and liver patients have high MPV 11.94x10^3 and HCV, HBsAg positive patients 9.9x10^3 whereas normal patients value is 9.7x10^3. This study proves that there is significant effect for MPV value with normal and viral infected patients. This finding could have used early detection for overseas health checkup.
Clinical Significance of Low Volume Lymph Node Metastasis in Early Stage Cervical Cancer: A Single Centre Case Series
Authors: Homer Artem , Devaja Omer , Stevanović Nemanja , Dampali Roxani , Rushton Gary , Coutts Mike
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives: Lymph node involvement is uncommon in early-stage cervical cancer (7-20%), with low volume nodal disease (micrometastasis and isolated tumour cells) representing a further small subset (2-23%) of this small population.  Fewer data are available on the impact of low volume metastasis in cervical cancer. The current consensus is to treat this group of patients in the same way as for nodal macrometastasis although the prognostic significance of low volume lymph node metastasis still remains contested. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively analyze a cohort of patients who underwent primary surgery for early-stage cervical cancer and where the post operative histopathology report demonstrated low volume lymph node metastasis.  The aim was to determine the frequency of recurrence and progression free survival in groups with isolated tumor cells (<0.2 mm), micrometastasis (0.2 – 2 mm) and macrometastasis (>2 mm).
Methods: Retrospective review had identified 18 patients who underwent primary surgery in single Gynaecology Cancer Centre between 2007 and 2018 for cervical cancer with subsequent histologically demonstrated lymph node metastasis. Progression free survival curves were generated for each patient group based on their histological type of lymph node metastasis. Log rank, chi squared test statistic was calculated to test for statistically significant difference in survival between groups.
Results: A total of 18 patients were identified as having isolated tumor cells (n=7), micrometastasis (n=5) or macrometastasis (n=6) on post operative lymph node histopathology. Follow up data demonstrated a total of 6 recurrences overall, with the highest number in the “macrometasitasis“ group (66.7%), followed by “isolated tumor cells” group (28.6%). No recurrence was observed in the “micrometastasis” group. The difference in progression-free survival between groups was not statistically significant at alpha = 0.05 (p=0.0685).
Conclusion: Further research and larger studies are required to evaluate the prognostic significance and the overall outcome in patients with isolated tumor cell lymph node metastasis in early stage cervical cancer.
Blockchain Adoption in Networks: The Decision Flow through three Arenas
Authors: Gharehdaghi Mandana , F. Kamann Dirk-Jan
Published: June 2024

Aim/Purpose: To show how the adoption decision about blockchain technology follows a path through three ‘arenas’, each showing distinctive organisational and behavioural driving forces.
Methodology: Grounded theory using Meta-analysis, mind mapping, participative observation and 22 Atlas.ti analysed interviews.
Findings: Three ‘arenas’ were observed: (#1) visualises the driving forces, motivations and reasons that play a role in the mind of the decision making individual and is the result of the conditioning process occurred during the trajectory through networks during the life and career of that individual; (#2) reflects and incorporates the transition from the individual level decision making to the company level, meeting other decision makers. The worldview, power and hierarchy dynamics among the company's decision-making leadership directly shape the overall company strategy. This strategizing, in turn, leads to particular outcomes and effects on the company's network and connections; (#3) describes the constituting elements and origins of power that play a role for four different types of networks: long term relations, consortia, exploitative networks and spot buying networks.
Originality: This study offers an original view on innovation adoption processes in supply chains, networks and systems, applied to the case of blockchain technology.
Conclusions: Blockchain usage seems mainly relevant for networks based on long-term relations, not so much for consortia, exploitative networks and spot buying networks. Which network a company choses to participate in depends on the worldview of the company as a result of the distribution of hierarchies of the participating decision makers. In addition, an increased company size implies an increased feeling blockchain usage would or could compensate lack of trust because of less personal contacts.
Optimization Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye using Bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO Composite by Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Riyanti Fahma , Hariani Poedji Loekitowati , Hasanudin Hasanudin , Rachmat Addy , Purwaningrum Widia
Published: June 2024

This study aims to synthesize bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO composites as a catalyst for the photodegradation of Methylene blue dye. Composite characterization involves X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with X-ray Energy Dispersion Spectrometry (EDS), UV-Vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-Vis DRS), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Response Surface Methodology (RSM) employs Central Composite Design (CCD) to optimize photodegradation by varying dye concentration, irradiation time, and catalyst dose. The bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO composites exhibit a saturation magnetization value of 54.82 emu/g and a band gap of 2.1 eV. The optimization revealed that concentration and dose significantly impact the photodegradation efficiency. A quadratic model is suitable for modeling the photodegradation of Methylene blue dye using bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO composites, as determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimal conditions for achieving maximum photodegradation efficiency were identified as a dye concentration of 10 mg/L, an exposure time of 90 min, and a catalyst dose of 1.67 g/L. Under these parameters, the photodegradation process exhibited a remarkable efficiency of 100%. The Bentonite/PDA/Fe3O4@CuO composites exhibited strong stability, efficiency, and recyclability. After six photodegradation cycles, there was a 5.18% decrease in photodegradation efficiency. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by BCREC Publishing Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Quantification of Pluripotency Transcription Factor Levels in Embryonic Stem Cells by Flow Cytometry
Authors: Festuccia Nicola , Chambers Ian
Published: December 2011

Embryonic stem (ES) cell lines are derived from the inner cell mass of the pre‐implantation blastocyst and are characterized by the ability to undergo indefinite self‐renewal while retaining the potential to differentiate into each of the three primary germ layers. The ability of individual ES cells to self‐renew or appropriately respond to differentiation signals is influenced by the intracellular level of a number of crucial transcription factors. It is therefore important to be able to reliably quantify the levels of these proteins in single cells. Here we present an intracellular staining technique for flow cytometry suitable for monitoring transcription factor expression in ES cells. We illustrate the application of this technique to the detection of Oct4 and Nanog proteins and the coupling of this approach with fluorescent reporters of gene activity. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 19:1B.9.1‐1B.9.13. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation and Culture of Adult Ciliary Epithelial Cells, Previously Identified as Retinal Stem Cells, and Retinal Progenitor Cells
Authors: Gualdoni Sara , Baron Michael , Lakowski Jörn , Decembrini Sarah , Pearson Rachel A. , Ali Robin R. , Sowden Jane C.
Published: December 2011

The protocols described in this unit provide detailed information on how to isolate and expand, in culture, ciliary epithelial cells (CECs), previously identified as retinal stem cells, from the adult mouse eye, and embryonic retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) from the developing retina. CECs are initially cultured in floating conditions as neurospheres and then expanded in monolayer cultures. RPCs are cultured in floating conditions. Detailed protocols for retinal differentiation, as well as exogenous gene expression using lentivirus are also described. Curr. Protoc. Stem Cell Biol. 19:1H.4.1‐1H.4.15. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Design and implementation of a remote laboratory platform using MATLAB builder for NE
Authors: Colak Ilhami , Irmak Erdal , Kabalci Ersan , Issi Fatih
Published: December 2011

In this study, a highly instructive and novel remote laboratory platform using up to date software and hardware units is designed to teach main concepts of Electrical Engineering with the help of web‐based simulations and remote accessible experiments in real time. Interactive experimental applications for direct current (DC) motors and several electrical circuits are carried out in this study to test the efficiency of the system. First, mathematical model of each simulation is developed in MATLAB and then all models are transferred into .NET platform by means of MATLAB Builder for NE toolbox. A dynamic library for each model is also created using NE toolbox. Then, all libraries are embedded into an interactive web page designed in ASP.NET platform. Data transmission between the server and the real experimental set is established by a microprocessor via the USB port to achieve the experimental studies over the Internet in real time. While remote experiments are being performed, data obtained by the experimental set are simultaneously transferred to the MATLAB. Then, the system generates both graphical and numerical results about the current experiment and all results are sent to a user‐friendly web interface to give users some feedback on the experiment.© 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22:617–629, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21553
Die Saccharin‐Saga
Authors: Roth Klaus , Lück Erich
Published: December 2011

Die Saga vom Saccharin beginnt mit seiner zufälligen Erfindung in einem Labor der Johns Hopkins Universität in Baltimore vor 130 Jahren. Kurz danach bricht zwischen den beiden Entdeckern ein lebenslanger Prioritätenstreit aus. Erhebliche Schwierigkeiten bei der Entwicklung des technischen Herstellungsprozesses, nie endende Streitereien mit der Gesetzgebung, medizinischen und pseudo‐medizinischen Kapazitäten und Lobbyisten in nahezu jedem Land machen Saccharin das Leben schwer. Hinzu kommen exzessive Besteuerung und Schmuggeleien. Die Molekül‐Saga des Saccharins kann sich mit den Werken der phantasievollsten Dichter messen. Aber diese ist wahr – und noch nicht zu Ende.
A No‐Arbitrage Fractional Cointegration Model for Futures and Spot Daily Ranges
Authors: Rossi Eduardo , Santucci de Magistris Paolo
Published: December 2011

The no‐arbitrage relation between futures and spot prices implies an analogous relation between futures and spot daily ranges. The long‐memory features of the range‐based volatility estimators are analyzed, and fractional cointegration is tested in a semi‐parametric framework. In particular, the no‐arbitrage condition is used to derive a long‐run relationship between volatility measures and to justify the use of a fractional vector error correction model (FVECM) to study their dynamic relationship. The out‐of‐sample forecasting superiority of FVECM, with respect to alternative models, is documented. The results highlight the importance of incorporating the long‐run equilibrium in volatilities to obtain better forecasts, given the information content in the volatility of futures prices. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 33:77–102, 2013
Block bootstrap for Mann–Kendall trend test of serially dependent data
Authors: Önöz Bihrat , Bayazit Mehmetcik
Published: December 2011

Mann–Kendall (MK) test for trend detection must be modified when the data are serially correlated, to prevent the detection of false trends. Various approaches are developed for this purpose, such as prewhitening, trend‐free prewhitening, variance correction and block bootstrap. Each method has its own Type I and Type II errors. In this study, the errors of block bootstrapping MK test are estimated by a simulation study and compared with other methods. Optimal block length that minimizes the Type I error is determined as function of sample size and autocorrelation coefficient. It is shown that the power of block bootstrapping MK test is comparable with those of other modified MK tests. These tests are applied to some annual streamflow series with trend recorded in Turkish rivers, and their powers are compared. A modified form of the trend‐free prewhitening procedure is proposed that has a smaller Type I error. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Androgens regulate Hedgehog signalling and proliferation in androgen‐dependent prostate cells
Authors: Sirab Nanor , Terry Stéphane , Giton Frank , Caradec Josselin , Chimingqi Mihelaiti , Moutereau Stéphane , Vacherot Francis , Taille Alexandre de la , Kouyoumdjian Jean‐Claude , Loric Sylvain
Published: December 2011

Prostate cancer (PCa) is androgen sensitive in its development and progression to metastatic disease. Hedgehog (Hh) pathway activation is important in the initiation and growth of various carcinomas including PCa. We and others have observed aberrations of Hh pathway during the progression of PCa to the castration‐resistant state. The involvement of androgen signalling in Hh pathway activation, however, remains largely elusive. Here we investigate the direct role of androgen signalling on Hh pathway. We examined the effect of Dihydrosterone (DHT), antiandrogen, bicalutamide, and Hh pathway inhibitor, KAAD‐cyclopamine in four human prostate cell lines (two cancerous: LNCaP, VCaP, and two normal: PNT2 and PNT2‐ARm which harbours a mutant version of androgen receptor (AR) that is commonly found in LNCaP). Cell proliferation as well as Hh pathway members (SHH, IHH, DHH, GLI, PTCH) mRNA expression levels were assessed. We showed that KAAD‐cyclopamine decreased cell proliferation of DHT‐stimulated LNCaP, VCaP and PNT2‐ARm cells. SHH expression was found to be downregulated by DHT in all AR posititve cells. The negative effect of DHT on SHH expression was counteracted when cells were treated by bicalutamide. Importantly, KAAD‐cyclopamine treatment seemed to inhibit AR activity. Moreover, bicalutamide as well as KAAD‐cyclopamine treatments induced GLI and PTCH expression in VCaP and PNT2‐ARm. Our results suggest that Hh pathway activity can be regulated by androgen signalling. Specifically, we show that the DHT‐induced inhibition of Hh pathway is AR dependent. The mutual interaction between these two pathways might be important in the regulation of cell proliferation in PCa.
Genetic polymorphisms in metabolism of 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b] pyridine
Authors: Kim Dojung , Lee Young‐Joo , Ryu Heui‐Young , Lee Jin‐Hee , Kim Hyun‐Kyung , Kim Eunhee , Moon Jae‐Dong , Chang Dong Deuk , Yoon Hae‐Seong
Published: December 2011

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are naturally produced during common cooking processes for meats and fish. HCAs are metabolized by various enzymes, including cytochromes P450, N‐acetyl transferases, and sulfotransferases, and their bioactivated metabolites are considered to bind to DNA or protein to show carcinogenic effects. More than 20 HCAs have been identified, of which 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4,5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) is classified as ‘reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen’ to develop cancers in breast, colon and prostate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate human exposure levels of PhIP and to understand the role of genetic polymorphisms of enzymes on PhIP metabolism. Urine samples were collected from subjects (n = 100) before 3‐day meat‐restricted diets. Subjects consumed grilled chicken, and their blood and urine were collected before and after the administration of the chickens to investigate genetic polymorphisms and PhIP levels. The mean PhIP levels were 4.22 ± 0.12, 0.61 ± 0.19 and 22.64 ± 1.00 pg ml−1 in urine under normal conditions and before and after chicken administration, respectively. Among 21 Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, NATs and UGTs investigated in this study, genotypic groups of CYP1A1/T6235C (MSP I) and CYP1A2/−2467delT showed significant differences in PhIP excretion (P < 0.05). These results suggest that genetic polymorphisms might affect PhIP metabolism, which could improve understanding of populations subject to PhIP‐derived health risk. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphological characterization of the progenitor blood cells in canine and feline umbilical cord
Authors: Brólio Marina P , Vidane Atanásio S , Zomer Helena D , Wenceslau Cristiane V , OzóRio Juliana J , Martins Daniele S , Miglino Maria A , AmbróSio Carlos E
Published: December 2011

The umbilical cord blood (UCB) is an important source of hematopoietic stem cells with great deal of interest in regenerative medicine. The UCB cells have been extensively studied as an alternative to the bone marrow transplants. The challenge is to define specific methods to purify and characterize these cells in different animal species. This study is aimed at morphological characterization of progenitor cells derived from UCB highlighting relevant differences with peripheral blood of adult in dog and cats. Therefore, blood was collected from 18 dogs and 5 cats' umbilical cords from fetus in various developmental stages. The mononuclear cells were separated using the gradient of density Histopaque‐1077. Characterization of CD34+ cells was performed by flow cytometric analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Granulocytes (ancestry of the basophiles, eosinophiles, and neutrophiles) and agranulocytes (represented by immature lymphocytes) were identified. We showed for the first time the ultrastructural features of cat UCB cells. Microsc. Res. Tech. 75:766–770, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quick diagnosis units versus hospitalization for the diagnosis of potentially severe diseases in Spain
Authors: Bosch Xavier , Jordán Anna , Coca Antonio , López‐Soto Alfonso
Published: December 2011

OBJECTIVES:

We describe the functioning of a quick diagnosis unit (QDU) in a Spanish public university hospital to ascertain the utility and cost of the model compared to conventional hospitalization.

DESIGN:

Observational study with a prospective and retrospective cohort.

SETTING:

Spanish tertiary public university hospital.

PATIENTS:

Two thousand consecutive patients evaluated between December 2007 and July 2010 with potentially severe diseases normally requiring hospitalization for diagnosis. For comparative purposes, we analyzed a randomized, retrospective cohort of 1454 hospitalized patients.

MEASUREMENTS:

Variables measured included source of referral, reason for consultation, time to diagnosis and length‐of‐stay, hospitalizations avoided, Charlson comorbidity index, costs, and patient satisfaction using a telephone survey.

RESULTS:

Suspected anemia, cachexia‐anorexia syndrome, febrile syndrome, adenopathies and/or palpable masses, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and lung abnormalities accounted for 88% of QDU patients. The most‐frequent diagnoses were cancer (26.3%) and iron‐deficiency anemia. QDU patients with anemia were significantly younger than hospitalized patients with the same diagnosis (P < 0.0001). Other parameters were similar between QDU and hospitalized patients. The mean cost of treatment was 3153.87 Euros for hospitalization and 702.33 Euros for the QDU. Patients expressed a high degree of satisfaction with QDU care.

CONCLUSIONS:

QDUs can manage the diagnosis of patients with potentially severe diseases equally as well as traditional hospitalization, and saves costs. QDU patients expressed a high degree of satisfaction, with most preferring this model to hospitalization. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2011. © 2011 Society of Hospital Medicine
Cover inequalities for robust knapsack sets—Application to the robust bandwidth packing problem
Authors: Klopfenstein Olivier , Nace Dritan
Published: December 2011

The robust optimization framework proposed by Bertsimas and Sim accounts for data uncertainty in integer linear programs. This article investigates the polyhedral impacts of this robust model for the 0‐1 knapsack problem. In particular, classical cover cuts are adapted to provide valid inequalities for the robust knapsack problem. The strength of the proposed inequalities is studied theoretically. Then, experiments on the robust bandwidth packing problem illustrate the practical interest of these inequalities for solving hard robust combinatorial problems. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, 2012
Novel Integrated Robotic Approach for Suprapancreatic D2 Nodal Dissection for Treating Gastric Cancer: Technique and Initial Experience
Authors: Uyama Ichiro , Kanaya Seiichiro , Ishida Yoshinori , Inaba Kazuki , Suda Koichi , Satoh Seiji
Published: December 2011

Background

Robotic surgery for the treatment of gastric cancer has been reported, but the technique is not yet established. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility and safety of our novel integrated procedure for robotic suprapancreatic D2 nodal dissection during distal gastrectomy.

Methods

At our hospital from January 2009 to December 2010, a total of 25 consecutive cases of gastric cancer were treated by robotic distal gastrectomy with intracorporeal Billroth I reconstruction. These patients were enrolled in a prospective study to assess the safety and feasibility of robotic distal gastrectomy with nodal dissection by our novel integrated approach, which consists of three elements: arm formation, the surgical approach, a cutting device. To evaluate the learning curves involved in this approach, clinicopathologic features and surgical outcomes were compared between the initial (n = 12) and late (n = 13) phases.

Results

All operations were completed without the need for open or conventional laparoscopic surgery. The mean operating time was 361 ± 58.1 min (range 258–419 min), and blood loss recorded was 51.8 ± 38.2 ml (range 4–123 ml). The median number of retrieved lymph nodes was 44.3 ± 18.4 (range 26–95). R0 resection was accomplished in all cases. There were no deaths or complications related to pancreatic damage. Operating time and surgeon console time for the late phase were significantly shorter than those for the initial phase.

Conclusions

Our novel robotic approach for D2 nodal dissection in gastric cancer is feasible and safe.
Morning salivary cortisol and cognitive function in mid-life: evidence from a population-based birth cohort
Authors: Geoffroy M.-C. , Hertzman C. , Li L. , Power C.
Published: December 2011

Background

The hormone ‘cortisol’ has been associated with cognitive deficits in older ages, and also with childhood cognition. The extent to which the associations of cortisol with cognitive deficits in later life reflect associations with childhood cognition ability is unclear. This study aimed to assess associations between adult cortisol levels and subsequent cognitive functions, while considering childhood cognition and other lifetime covariates.

Method

Data are from the 1958 British Birth Cohort. Two morning salivary cortisol samples were obtained at 45 years: 45 min after waking (t1) and 3 h later (t2). Standardized tests assessing immediate and delayed verbal memory, verbal fluency and speed of processing were administered at 50 years. Information on cortisol, cognitive outcomes and covariates [e.g. birthweight, lifetime socio-economic position (SEP), education, smoking and drinking habits, body mass index (BMI), menopausal status, and depression/anxiety] was obtained for 4655 participants.

Results

Worse immediate and delayed verbal memory and verbal fluency at 50 years were predicted by elevated t2 cortisol at 45 years. For instance, for 1 standard deviation (s.d.) increase in t2 cortisol, individuals scored −0.05 s.d. lower on verbal memory and fluency tests. Childhood cognition explained about 30% of these associations, but associations with adult cognition remained.

Conclusions

This study suggests that higher cortisol levels in late morning at 45 years are associated with poorer verbal memory and fluency at 50 years, with a contribution from childhood cognition to these associations.
Disentangling the Hettangian carbon isotope record: Implications for the aftermath of the end‐Triassic mass extinction
Authors: Bartolini A. , Guex J. , Spangenberg J. E. , Schoene B. , Taylor D. G. , Schaltegger U. , Atudorei V.
Published: December 2011

This study provides an organic carbon stable isotope (δ13Corg) record calibrated with detailed ammonite biostratigraphy, following the end‐Triassic biological crisis. Precise correlation between this crucial fossil group and the δ13Corg record is key to understanding feedbacks between biological and environmental events following mass extinction. The latest Triassic and Hettangian δ13Corg record shows several negative and positive excursions. The end‐Triassic negative shift coinciding with the mass extinction interval is followed by a positive excursion in the earliest Hettangian Psiloceras spelae beds, which marks the onset of recovery in the marine ecosystem. This positive trend is interrupted by a second negative δ13Corg excursion in the P. pacificum beds related to a minor ammonite extinction event. This pattern of the δ13Corg curve culminates in the uppermost Hettangian Angulata Zone major positive excursion. This indicates that both the ecosystem and the carbon cycle remained in a state of perturbation for at least 2 Ma, although the recovery of some pelagic taxa already began at the base of Jurassic. The early and late Hettangian positive δ13Corg excursions have been confused in several recent papers. Here, we show that during the Hettangian there are indeed two distinct positive δ13Corg excursions. Phases of anoxia and further pulses of Central Atlantic Magmatic Province volcanism during the Hettangian might have inhibited the full recovery for that interval of time. The main Liasicus‐Angulata organic positive CIE (carbon isotope excursion) during the Late Hettangian might be related to gradual decreasing of pCO2 due to protracted high organic burial, and coincides with a second phase of recovery, as indicated by a pulse of ammonoid diversification.