Research of the attractiveness of municipal districts and cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan using component and cluster analyzes
Authors: Akhmetzianova Miliausha , Atnabaeva Alsu 
Published: October 2020

According to Rosstat, today in 56 regions of the Russian Federation there is a negative population dynamics. For 52 regions, this decline is explained by natural population decline, of which 42 regions have a negative migration balance. The Republic of Bashkortostan is included in the group of regions with a high level of outflow of young working-age population. This trend has been observed for 14 years, which may indicate that the conditions provided by municipalities do not correspond to the desired standard of living of the population. In this case, two components of the problem under consideration can be distinguished: on the one hand, residents are moving to other constituent entities of the Russian Federation, and on the other, the population is centralized in large cities within the region. In this connection, this article is devoted to the disclosure of the specifics of migration through the analysis of the level of attractiveness of territories for the working-age population. The aim of the study is to assess the labor attractiveness of municipal districts and cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan. As part of the study, a component analysis of 62 municipalities was carried out (CATA) Mizhgirya was not included in the analysis due to the specifics of the legal status of this municipal formation) for 13 indicators characterizing the socio-economic situation of districts and cities that affect population migration. The results of the component analysis formed the basis for assessing the level of attractiveness by calculating the coefficient through a single integral indicator. The indicators of the first component were used to conduct cluster analysis, as a result of which 5 clusters of municipal districts and cities were formed, characterizing the level of attractiveness of the territory. Using the above methods, on the basis of a comprehensive multivariate assessment, the coefficients of attractiveness of territories and the intervals of their belonging to clusters were determined. The clusters of territories obtained in the course of the analysis and mathematical calculations of assessments of attractiveness formed the basis for constructing a cartographic scheme for the distribution of municipal districts and cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan.
The scientific novelty of the study consists in combining the results of a comprehensive multifactorial assessment of the territory from the standpoint of determining the factors of attractiveness (component analysis) and methods of spatial grouping of territories (cluster analysis), which make it possible to determine the coefficients of attractiveness of municipalities and the intervals of their belonging to clusters. From a practical point of view, the results of the study formed the basis for constructing a cartographic scheme for the distribution of municipal districts and cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan, which makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of state policy measures in the field of regulating migration processes in the region by developing specific measures taking into account the peculiarities of the development of a particular group of territories.