bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrrolidine Derivatives as Chiral Building Blocks.
Authors: HIRAI Y. , CHINTANI M. , YAMAZAKI T. , MOMOSE T.
Published: May 2016

Starting with the Z‐benzyloxypentenol (I) or its E‐isomer (IX), the diastereomeric epoxides (II) and (X) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Generation of 2,3‐Diaryltetrazolinylidenes: Trapping Experiments and Ring Opening to 1‐Cyanoazimines.
Authors: LOWACK R. H. , WEISS R.
Published: May 2016

The redox system formazanide ion/tetrazolium ion is conceived as a general device to manipulate both electron‐deficient and ‐surplus centers attached to the carbon atom of this system electronically.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization to the Elusive Amino‐4H‐pyran Ring: Some New Facts.
Authors: MARTIN‐LEON N. , QUINTEIRO M. , SEOANE C. , SOTO J. L.
Published: May 2016

The reaction of indolinone (I) with arylidenemalononitriles is investigated leading to the products (III)‐(V) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of 7‐Acetoxybenzopyran Derivatives. Synthesis of Eupatoriochromene and Encecalin.
Authors: MIRANDA M. A. , PRIMO J. , TORMOS R.
Published: May 2016

Whereas the photolysis of the chromene (I) results in extensive polymerization, the title substrates (II), (IV), (VI), (IX) afford the various photoproducts shown in the scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Pyridinecarbonitriles with Potential Biological Activity.
Authors: KAPPE C. O. , KAPPE T.
Published: May 2016

The title compounds (V) are related to substances with known fungicidal activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Organolithium and Related Reagents in Synthesis. Part 7. Synthesis and Metalation of 4‐Methoxypicolin‐ and 2‐Methoxyisonicotin‐anilides. A Useful Method for Preparation of 2,3,4‐Trisubstituted Pyridines.
Authors: EPSZTAJN J. , BIENIEK A. , PLOTKA M. W. , SUWALD K.
Published: May 2016

The synthesis of the title compounds (II) is readily accomplished by standard procedures.
ChemInform Abstract: Diels‐Alder Reactions of Isoquinolin‐3(2H)‐ones. Part 6. An Unusual Diels‐Alder Reaction of 4‐Benzyl‐1‐phenylbenzo(g)isoquinolin‐3‐ol with N‐Phenylmaleimide.
Authors: HAZAI L. , TOTH G. , DEAK G.
Published: May 2016

The benzoisoquinolone (I) which exists mainly as its tautomer (II), reacts with the maleimide (III) to give the endo and exo 5,10‐adducts (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: (6S,7S,10R)‐ and (6R,7S,10R)‐7‐Isopropyl‐10‐methyl‐4‐oxo‐1,5‐dioxaspiro(5.5)undec‐2‐enes Having an Electron‐Withdrawing Substituent at the 2‐Position: Synthesis and Use in Asymmetric Diels‐Alder Reactions.
Authors: SATO M. , ORII C. , SAKAKI J. , KANEKO C.
Published: May 2016

(‐)‐Menthone (I) reacts with 4‐bromoacetoacetic acid (II) to yield the chiral dioxinones (III) and (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Condensation Reactions of Tetracyanoethylene and Its Monoanion Promoted by Lewis Acids: Synthesis and Crystal, Molecular, and Electronic Structure of a Novel Heterocycle, the 2,3,6,7‐Tetracyano‐5‐(tricyanoethenylimino)‐3H‐1,4,7b‐triazabenzo(i,j)pentalenide Ion.
Authors: BONAMICO M. , FARES V. , FLAMINI A. , IMPERATORI P.
Published: May 2016

With regard to the growing interest in polycyano compounds, reactions of TCNE (I) are studied and here the synthesis of (III) (space group P1 with Z=2) is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of 1‐(3,4,5‐Trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine.
Authors: SUZUKI K. , YOSHIDA K. , OHTAKA H.
Published: May 2016

Variation of the deprotection conditions cannot suppress the formation of the by‐product (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactivity of 2‐Dimethylamino‐4‐alkenyl‐1,3‐oxazin‐6‐ones.
Authors: BECCALLI E. M. , MARCHESINI A. , PILATI T.
Published: May 2016

The Vilsmeier‐Haack reaction of isoxazolinones such as (I) or (VII) gives rise to oxazinones such as (II) or (VIII) + (IX), which are subsequently elaborated to heterocycles such as (III), (V), (VI), (X) or (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Transformations with Trimethylsilyl Chloride/Sodium Iodide. A New Synthesis of 4H‐1,3‐Oxazines.
Authors: GHERA E. , MAURYA R. , HASSNER A.
Published: May 2016

Olefinic compounds such as (I), (III), or (V) are reduced with trimethylchlorosilane/sodium iodide in the presence of catalytic amounts of benzoic acid to yield the corresponding saturated derivatives (II), (IV), or (VI) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of 1‐Acylamino‐2‐chloroethenyltriphenylphosphonium Chlorides with Benzamidine and Its Analogues.
Authors: SMOLII O. B. , BROVARETS V. S. , DRACH B. S.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the amidines (I) with the phosphonium salts (II) in an alkaline medium yields the diarylmethyltriazines (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Triple‐Layered and Condensed (2.2)Cyclophanes ‐ Synthesis, Structure, Chiroptical Properties.
Authors: VOEGTLE F. + , OSTROWICKI A. , BEGEMANN B. , JANSEN M. , NIEGER M. , NIECKE E.
Published: May 2016

The helical title compounds (III), (IV), (VI), (VII) and (IX)‐(XI) are prepared as racemates and enantiomerically enriched (kinetics of racemization, CD spectra, thermodynamic data for barriers of inversion).
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Alkylation of N‐tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl‐3‐trimethylsilyloxyazetidin‐2‐one.
Authors: DOLLE R. E. , HUGHES M. J. , LI C.‐S. , KRUSE L. I.
Published: May 2016

The N‐tert‐butyldimethylsilylazetidinone (I) is deprotonated and then oxidized to give the protected 3‐hydroxyazetidin‐2‐one (II) which is O‐protected with trimethylsilyl chloride (III), producing the β‐lactam (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Skeletal Rearrangement Reaction of Tetrasilanes with Aryl Isocyanides.
Authors: ITO Y. , SUGINOME M. , MURAKAMI M. , SHIRO M.
Published: May 2016

The tetrasilanes (I) react with the aryl isocyanides (II) in the presence of 1,1,3,3‐tetramethylbutyl isocyanide and catalytic amounts of palladium(II) acetate to produce the disilaazacyclobutanes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Di‐tert‐butyltrichloromethylphosphine.
Authors: KOIDAN G. N. , OLEINIK V. A. , MARCHENKO A. P. , PINCHUK A. M.
Published: May 2016

Trichloromethyldi‐tert‐butylphosphine (III), prepared from di‐tert‐butylphosphinous iodide (I) and tetrachloromethane (II), rearranges upon standing to produce the phosphorus ylide (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: P‐H Functionalized Zirconocene Phosphido Complexes and the Crystal Structure of a Diazoalkane Insertion Product.
Authors: HEY E. , MUELLER U. +
Published: May 2016

From zirconocene dichloride (I) one or two chlorides can be replaced by mesitylphosphide giving the monophosphido (III) and diphosphido derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Preparation and Manipulation of Me3SnH from Me3SnCl. Formation and Use of Mixed Trimethylstannyl Cuprates via Transmetalation Reactions.
Authors: LIPSHUTZ B. H. , REUTER D. C.
Published: May 2016

Trimethylstannyl chloride (I) reacts with lithium aluminum hydride to generate trimethylstannane (II) which is isolated in the form of the cuprate complex (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral, Anionic, and Cationic Bis(cyclohexadienyl) and Bis(pentadienyl)uranium(III) Complexes.
Authors: BAUDRY D. , BULOT E. , EPHRITIKHINE M.
Published: May 2016

Reaction of the arene complex (I) with the potassium salts (II) and (V) of dienyl anions produces the compounds (IV) and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Activation of C‐H Bonds in Fe+ Complexes of ω‐Silyl‐Substituted Alkanenitriles Caused by Metal‐Ion‐Mediated Cooperative Effects of Functional Groups.
Authors: HAESSELBARTH A. + , PRUESSE T. + , SCHWARZ H.
Published: May 2016

In contrast to the monofunctional complex (I), which gives rise in the gas phase to the formation of H2, CH4 and C4H8 (9:76:15) due to an earlier study, the compound (II) in the same reaction produces only H2.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Axial Ligation Behavior of Cyano(7,16‐diethyl‐(E)‐ or ‐(Z)‐dipyrido(b,i)(1,4,8,11)tetraazacyclotetradecinato)cobalt(III).
Authors: SAKATA K. , ANNOURA T. , HASHIMOTO M.
Published: May 2016

The pentacoordinated Co(III) title complexes (III) are characterized by mass, electronic, vibrational, and NMR spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxygen Activation with Transition‐Metal Complexes: Nickel‐Catalyzed Oxidation of a Pentacoordinated Substrate.
Authors: BERKESSEL A. , BATS J. W. , SCHWARZ C.
Published: May 2016

Oxidative degradation of the pentadentate ligand in the racemic Ni(II) complex (IV) (space group P21/n, Z=4) in solution results in the formation of the Schiff‐base complex (V), diphenyl disulfide (VI), and formaldehyde (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrocarbon‐Bridged Complexes. Part 13. Nucleophilic Attack of Carbonylmetalates on Cationic Alkyne Complexes (CpL2M(η2‐RCCR))+ (M: Fe, Ru): .mu±eta.1:η1‐Alkyne‐Bridged Complexes.
Authors: BREIMAIR J. , STEIMANN M. , WAGNER B. , BECK W.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes (III) and (IV) are obtained as demonstrated for the Ru complexes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical and Photophysical Properties of Mono‐ and Bimetallic Ruthenium(II) Complexes.
Authors: WALLACE A. W. , MURPHY W. R. JUN. , PETERSEN J. D.
Published: May 2016

Ten mono‐ and bimetallic complexes of the type (I) and (II) are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: η6‐Arene‐Stabilized Ruthenacyclopentanes: Synthesis, X‐Ray Structures, and Reaction with the Trityl Cation.
Authors: BARABOTTI P. , DIVERSI P. , INGROSSO G. , LUCHERINI A. , MARCHETTI F. , SAGRAMORA L. , ADOVASIO V. , NARDELLI M.
Published: May 2016

(IIIa) and (IIIb) both crystallize in the space group P21/n, (IIIc) in P21/c; Z=4 for all three compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Gold Adducts of (M(tppme)(P3)) (M: Co, Rh, or Ir; tppme: 1,1,1‐tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl)ethane). X‐Ray Crystal Structures of (Au(M(tppme)(P3))2)PF6 (M: Co, Rh, or Ir).
Authors: DI VAIRA M. , STOPPIONI P. , PERUZZINI M.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes (III) are also obtained with further gold complexes with uni‐ and bidentate phosphines.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrolysis of Organonitriles and Carboxamides in Platinum(IV) Complexes. X‐Ray Structure Determination of the Crystalline Clathrate ((C2H5)4N)(Pt(NH3)Cl5)·1/6 NH4Cl.
Authors: KUKUSHKIN V. YU. , ZENKEVICH I. G. , BELSKY V. K. , KONOVALOV V. E. , MOISEEV A. I. , SIDOROV E. O.
Published: May 2016

The title complexes such as (I), its benzonitrile analogue, and (III) easily undergo hydrolysis at 20 °C. Studies show that in addition to the corresponding carbonic acids and their conversion products ammine‐Pt(IV) complexes of the type (II) and (IV) are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhedral Metallaphosphaborane Chemistry: The Preparation, Molecular Structure, and NMR Study of (2‐Ph‐1,1‐(PMe2Ph)2‐closo‐1,2‐PtPB10H10), and Some Related Chemistry.
Authors: BUNKHALL S. R. , FONTAINE X. L. R. , GREENWOOD N. N. , KENNEDY J. D. , THORNTON‐PETT M.
Published: May 2016

As part of a general survey of platinaborane chemistry, the reaction of (I) with the anion of the nido‐compound (II) is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: (+)‐α‐Bisabolol and (+)‐Anymol. A Repetition of the Synthesis from the Limonene 8,9‐Epoxides.
Authors: CARMAN R. M. , DUFFIELD A. R.
Published: May 2016

The absolute configurations of (+)‐anymol and (+)‐bisabolol are established as (I) and (II), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Anisotropic Reactive Ion Etching of Aluminum Using Cl2, BCl3, and CH4 Gases.
Authors: LUTZE J. W. , PERERA A. H. , KRUSIUS J. P.
Published: May 2016

A technique for anisotropically etching fine line patterns in aluminum films using the gas combination Cl2:BCl3:CH4 is developed in order to avoid the use of the strong carcinogens CCl4 and CHCl3.
ChemInform Abstract: Heavy Boron Doping in Low‐Temperature Si Photoepitaxy.
Authors: YAMAZAKI T. , WATANABE S. , ITO T.
Published: May 2016

Boron doping up to levels of 1.5·1020 cm‐3 with complete activation of boron atoms is achieved by in situ doping of low‐temp.
Environment, competitive strategy, and organizational characteristics: A path analytic model of construction organizations’ performance in South Africa
Authors: Oyewobi Luqman Oyekunle , Windapo Abimbola Olukemi , Rotimi James O. B.
Published: May 2016

While mainstream strategic management researchers have paid attention to the causes of performance differential among organizations, there is a dearth of empirical research within the construction industry on the subject. We examine the relationship between environment, organizational characteristics, competitive strategies, and performance of construction organizations in the South African construction industry. In order to develop a model for improving organizations’ performance, partial least squares was employed using quantitative data collected from a sample of 72 large construction firms listed on the Construction Industry Development Board contractors’ register in South Africa. The results reveal that organizational characteristics have a direct influence on organizational performance, while the relationship between the business environment and organizational performance is mediated by competitive strategies. Copyright © 2016 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermally Driven Dynamics of a Rotaxane Wheel about an Imidazolium Axle inside a Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Farahani Nasim , Zhu Kelong , O'Keefe Christopher A. , Schurko Robert W. , Loeb Stephen J.
Published: May 2016

A new mechanically interlocked molecular linker was prepared by using ring‐closing metathesis (Grubbs I) to clip a [24]crown‐6 ether wheel around an axle containing both Y‐shaped diphenylimidazole and isophthalic acid groups. A metal–organic framework (MOF) material was prepared using this linker and ZnII ions. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction experiments showed that the MOF contains an imidazolium‐based rotaxane linked by dimeric [Zn2(NO3)(DEF)] secondary building units (SBUs). Variable‐temperature (VT), 2H solid‐state NMR spectroscopy was used to characterize the motion of the “soft” wheel component around the rigid “hard” lattice of the framework. At higher temperatures (above 150 °C), it was demonstrated that the 24‐membered, macrocyclic ring of the MOF undergoes rapid, thermally driven rotation about the axle inside the voids of the lattice.
Impact of T cell activation, HIV replication and hepatitis C virus infection on neutrophil CD64 expression
Authors: Morquin D. , Tuaillon E. , Makinson A. , Bendriss S. , Le Moing V. , Reynes J.
Published: May 2016

Background

Overexpression of the Fc receptor CD64 on neutrophils is associated with innate immune response and bacterial infections. During HIV infection a large set of immune disorders including T‐lymphocyte over‐activation, microbial translocation, impairment of neutrophil functions, and immunodeficiency may interplay with neutrophil CD64 expression.

Methods

Associations of neutrophil CD64 expression with CD8+ T cell activation, CD4+ T cells number, HIV, and HCV replications were investigated in HIV infected patients using a standardized method.

Results

Higher neutrophil CD64 expression was observed in HIV infected subjects compared to healthy controls (0.91 vs. 0.75, P < 0.001). Among 115 HIV infected patients, nine (8.8%) had a CD64 expression over the clinical threshold as calculated against bead standard (i.e., 1.5). HIV viremic patients were more likely to have an index above 1.5 (OR: 6.68, P values: 0.01). A trend for correlation between CD64 expression and CD8 T cell activation was observed (P values: 0.08). Blood CD4+ T lymphocyte depletion and HCV replication did not affect neutrophil CD64 expression.

Conclusions

HIV infection and HIV replication are associated with up‐regulation of neutrophil CD64. CD64 overexpression above the clinical threshold was observed in a minor proportion of HIV infected individuals treated by antiretroviral therapy and may be a marker of neutrophil activation related to non‐AIDS‐linked comorbidities. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Support part‐time faculty to boost student retention, completion rates
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: May 2016

CHICAGO — Faculty members have a major influence on student satisfaction. That can be especially true at a community college where many students come to campus just long enough to attend classes.
Reinvigorate your office by finding meaning in your day‐to‐day work
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: May 2016

PHOENIX — One key to addressing professional burnout is being able to find meaning in your life's work, and particularly in being able to find meaning in your day‐to‐day tasks. In a session at the recent American Association for Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers annual meeting, Julia Pomerenk, university registrar for Washington State University, shared strategies for meaningful life work. They included crafting narratives, improving the atmosphere of your office, and finding ways to stay engaged — or engage staff members — before discontent sets in. “We're about higher education. We're making lives better through degree attainment and in doing so, making lives of families and presumably communities better,” Pomerenk said, before sharing some strategies and best practices for maintaining office morale.
Harvested populations are more variable only in more variable environments
Authors: Cameron Tom C. , O'Sullivan Daniel , Reynolds Alan , Hicks Joseph P. , Piertney Stuart B. , Benton Tim G.
Published: May 2016

The interaction between environmental variation and population dynamics is of major importance, particularly for managed and economically important species, and especially given contemporary changes in climate variability. Recent analyses of exploited animal populations contested whether exploitation or environmental variation has the greatest influence on the stability of population dynamics, with consequences for variation in yield and extinction risk. Theoretical studies however have shown that harvesting can increase or decrease population variability depending on environmental variation, and requested controlled empirical studies to test predictions. Here, we use an invertebrate model species in experimental microcosms to explore the interaction between selective harvesting and environmental variation in food availability in affecting the variability of stage‐structured animal populations over 20 generations. In a constant food environment, harvesting adults had negligible impact on population variability or population size, but in the variable food environments, harvesting adults increased population variability and reduced its size. The impact of harvesting on population variability differed between proportional and threshold harvesting, between randomly and periodically varying environments, and at different points of the time series. Our study suggests that predicting the responses to selective harvesting is sensitive to the demographic structures and processes that emerge in environments with different patterns of environmental variation.
Genetic differentiation in red‐bellied piranha populations (Pygocentrus nattereri, Kner, 1858) from the Solimões‐Amazonas River
Authors: Santos Carlos Henrique dos A. dos , de Sá Leitão Carolina S. , Paula‐Silva Maria de N. , Almeida‐Val Vera Maria F.
Published: May 2016

Red‐bellied piranhas (Pygocentrus nattereri) are widely caught with different intensities throughout the region of Solimões‐Amazonas River by local fishermen. Thus, the management of this resource is performed in the absence of any information on its genetic stock. P. nattereri is a voracious predator and widely distributed in the Neotropical region, and it is found in other regions of American continent. However, information about genetic variability and structure of wild populations of red‐bellied piranha is unavailable. Here, we describe the levels of genetic diversity and genetic structure of red‐bellied piranha populations collected at different locations of Solimões‐Amazonas River system. We collected 234 red‐bellied piranhas and analyzed throughout eight microsatellite markers. We identified high genetic diversity within populations, although the populations of lakes ANA, ARA, and MAR have shown some decrease in their genetic variability, indicating overfishing at these communities. Was identified the existence of two biological populations when the analysis was taken altogether at the lakes of Solimões‐Amazonas River system, with significant genetic differentiation between them. The red‐bellied piranha populations presented limited gene flow between two groups of populations, which were explained by geographical distance between these lakes. However, high level of gene flow was observed between the lakes within of the biological populations. We have identified high divergence between the Catalão subpopulation and all other subpopulations. We suggest the creation of sustainable reserve for lakes near the city of Manaus to better manage and protect this species, whose populations suffer from both extractive and sport fishing.
Anionic Cascade Routes to Sulfur and Nitrogen Heterocycles Originating from Thio‐ and Aminophosphate Precursors
Authors: Das Pradipta , Njardarson Jon T.
Published: May 2016

This micro‐review attempts to comprehensively cover reported reactions employing thio‐ and aminophosphate precursors for forming sulfur and nitrogen heterocycles. All such reactions are triggered by initial formation of an alkoxide, most commonly by attack of a carbon or heteroatom nucleophile onto a carbonyl group. The alkoxide intermediate facilitates an intramolecular transfer of the phosphate group to form a thiolate or nitrogen atom anion, which then terminate the anionic cascade via an intramolecular O‐phosphate displacement reaction to form the heterocyclic products.
Styrylsulfonates and ‐Sulfonamides through Pd‐Catalysed Matsuda–Heck Reactions of Vinylsulfonic Acid Derivatives and Arenediazonium Salts
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Wolf Felix , Brunner Heiko
Published: May 2016

Arene diazonium salts undergo Matsuda–Heck reactions with vinylsulfonates and ‐sulfonamides to give styrylsulfonic acid derivatives in high to excellent yields and with high to excellent selectivities. By quantifying the evolution of nitrogen over time in a gas‐meter apparatus, the reactivities of ethylvinylsulfonate and the benchmark olefin methyl acrylate were compared for an electron‐rich and an ‐deficient arene diazonium salt. Tertiary sulfonamides react in Matsuda–Heck couplings with high conversions, but require long reaction times, which prevents the determination of kinetic data through the measurement of nitrogen evolution. Secondary sulfonamides were found to be unreactive. From these results, the following order of reactivity could be deduced: H2C=CHCO2Me > H2C=CHSO2OEt > H2C=CHSO2N(Me)Bn >> H2C=CHSO2NHBn. Through the Matsuda–Heck coupling of 5‐indolyldiazonium salt and a tertiary vinylsulfonamide, the synthesis of the C‐5‐substituted indole part of the antimigraine drug naratriptan was accomplished in high yield.
Strategic Applications of Nanomaterials as Sensing Platforms and Signal Amplification Markers at Electrochemical Immunosensors
Authors: Huo Xiaohe , Liu Xiaoqiang , Liu Jin , Sukumaran Preethi , Alwarappan Subbiah , Wong Danny K. Y.
Published: May 2016

Tremendous developments in electrochemical immunosensors have facilitated cost‐effective, rapid and robust detection of many analytes. Among the significant developments, electrochemical immunosensors capable of simultaneously detecting several analytes have begun to emerge. In addition, recent progress in materials science and engineering has yielded nanostructured materials of various geometries that were readily exploited to provide a compatible medium for many biomolecules in immunoassays. Applications of these nanostructured materials to electrochemical immunosensor developments have significantly improved sensor performance in terms of their electrical, chemical and transport properties. This review provides a survey of innovative immunosensor developments involving a range of nanomaterials exploited in designing sensing platforms and efficient detection markers to achieve substantial signal amplifications and thereby outstanding detection characteristics.
Bootstrapping Development of a Cloud‐Based Spoken Dialog System in the Educational Domain From Scratch Using Crowdsourced Data
Authors: Ramanarayanan Vikram , Suendermann‐Oeft David , Lange Patrick , Ivanov Alexei V. , Evanini Keelan , Yu Zhou , Tsuprun Eugene , Qian Yao
Published: May 2016

We propose a crowdsourcing‐based framework to iteratively and rapidly bootstrap a dialog system from scratch for a new domain. We leverage the open‐source modularHALEFdialog system to deploy dialog applications. We illustrate the usefulness of this framework using four different prototype dialog items with applications in the educational domain and present initial results and insights from this endeavor.
A surface‐based technique for mapping homotopic interhemispheric connectivity: Development, characterization, and clinical application
Authors: Tobyne Sean M. , Boratyn Daria , Johnson Jessica A. , Greve Douglas N. , Mainero Caterina , Klawiter Eric C.
Published: May 2016

The functional organization of the human brain consists of a high degree of connectivity between interhemispheric homologous regions. The degree of homotopic organization is known to vary across the cortex and homotopic connectivity is high in regions that share cross‐hemisphere structural connections or are activated by common input streams (e.g., the visual system). Damage to one or both regions, as well as damage to the connections between homotopic regions, could disrupt this functional organization. Here were introduce and test a computationally efficient technique, surface‐based homotopic interhermispheric connectivity (sHIC), that leverages surface‐based registration and processing techniques in an attempt to improve the spatial specificity and accuracy of cortical interhemispheric connectivity estimated with resting state functional connectivity. This technique is shown to be reliable both within and across subjects. sHIC is also characterized in a dataset of nearly 1000 subjects. We confirm previous results showing increased interhemispheric connectivity in primary sensory regions, and reveal a novel rostro‐caudal functionally defined network level pattern of sHIC across the brain. In addition, we demonstrate a structural–functional relationship between sHIC and atrophy of the corpus callosum in multiple sclerosis (r = 0.2979, p = 0.0461). sHIC presents as a sensitive and reliable measure of cortical homotopy that may prove useful as a biomarker in neurologic disease. Hum Brain Mapp 37:2849–2868, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Modular Approach to Introduce Multivariate Calculus in Thermodynamics Class
Authors: Chen Franklin M.
Published: May 2016

Five manageable multivariate calculus modules were developed to help students effectively learn complex relations in Thermodynamics. The goal of this module approach is to enhance students’ self‐efficacy in learning, which numerous studies have shown to be the key predictor in improving students’ academic achievement and retention in science. The author has used this module in Thermodynamics for four years. According to the assessment the learning results are quite positive and encouraging.
Application of a stir bar sorptive extraction method for the determination of volatile compounds in different grape varieties
Authors: Vasile‐Simone Giuseppe , Castro Remedios , Natera Ramón , Masino Francesca , Barroso Carmelo G , Durán‐Guerrero Enrique
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUND

Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) has been employed for the analysis of aroma compounds directly from Spanish and Italian grape extracts. The extraction conditions have been optimized using a statistical approach, obtaining results that improve the current state of the art.

RESULTS

The proposed analytical conditions were: sample volume 40 mL, extraction time 80 min, 25% (w/v) NaCl and stirring speed 750 rpm using 20 mm × 0.5 mm stir bars. Performance characteristics of the SBSE procedure were further studied and showed correlation coefficients, detection and quantification limits, linear ranges, recoveries and precision values adequate for analysing these compounds in grapes. Twenty‐four grape varieties (aromatic and non‐aromatic) were analysed. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) according to geographical origin were found, being derived mainly from the terpenoid content. By principal component analysis it was possible to note that the terpenoids were more effective in the separation of the non‐aromatic samples, showing negative and positive scores for Italian and Spanish grapes, respectively.

CONCLUSION

For non‐aromatic grape varieties, the factor ‘geographic location’ was the most significant, thus corroborating the high influence of this parameter on the volatile composition of grapes and therefore on the genuineness of wines. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
The safety and efficacy of endoscopic Zenker's diverticulotomy: A cohort study
Authors: Barton Michelle DeChant , Detwiller Kara Y. , Palmer Andrew D. , Schindler Joshua S.
Published: May 2016

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine whether the application of laser‐assisted techniques for the treatment of Zenker's diverticulum would reduce the failure rate of endoscopic procedures without compromising safety or durability.

Study Design

Cohort study with long‐term follow‐up.

Methods

We performed a single‐institution review of 106 consecutive patients in whom endoscopic laser‐assisted diverticulotomy (ELD) or endoscopic stapler‐assisted diverticulotomy (ESD) was attempted. The Eating Assessment Tool was collected pre‐ and postoperatively. Long‐term follow‐up was conducted on average 2.4 years postoperatively.

Results

The decision to use either ELD or ESD was made intraoperatively. An endoscopic procedure was successfully completed in 103 of 106 patients (97.2%). Eighty‐three patients underwent ELD, 20 underwent ESD, and only three required use of an open approach. No serious complications occurred. Postoperatively, there was a significant reduction in dysphagia symptoms. At follow‐up, most individuals had dysphagia scores within the normal range (69%) and were eating a regular diet (73%). Fourteen patients (14%) required revision. Compared to historical data from our institution for ESD alone, the addition of ELD resulted in a reduction in the failure rate without an increase in serious complications. Recurrence rates and long‐term outcomes were equivalent.

Conclusion

Through careful patient selection, appropriate workup, and judicious use of techniques, it was possible to perform endoscopic surgery in a majority of patients without serious complications. Both approaches resulted in short‐ and long‐term symptom management with high levels of satisfaction.

Level of Evidence

4. Laryngoscope, 126:2705–2710, 2016
Flow–Through Catalytic Rector Based on Macroporous Amphoteric Cryogels and Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Tatykhanova Gulnur S. , Klivenko Alexey N. , Kudaibergenova Gulnar M. , Kudaibergenov Sarkyt E.
Published: May 2016

Macroporous amphoteric cryogel based on N,N‐dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid p(DMAEM‐co‐MAA) was used for immobilization of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The structure of AuNPs immobilized within macroporous amphoteric cryogel is mostly represented by spherical and triangular species. Amphoteric cryogel with immobilized AuNPs was tested as flow‐through catalytic reactor in reduction of 4‐nitrophenol by NaBH4.
Detection and isolation of actuator and sensor faults for networked control systems
Authors: Ahmadi Ali‐Akbar , Salmasi Farzad R.
Published: May 2016

Detection and isolation of actuator and sensor faults in presence of disturbance for a class of linear networked control systems is considered, while unknown network‐induced delay is taken into account. The network‐induced delay effect is modeled by time‐varying polytopic uncertainties. Using eigen‐structure assignment approach, a fault detection filter is designed to decouple the fault and plant disturbance, while minimizing the effect of the induced delays in the network, using H∞ and H− index theories and benefiting from the free parameters in the eigen‐structure assignment approach. If the full disturbance de‐coupling is not feasible, another filter is designed to achieve partial de‐coupling and maximum robustness against the disturbance and network‐induced delay, while sensitivity to the fault is optimized. The actuator fault and disturbance vectors are augmented to define a new disturbance vector for isolation of the sensor and actuator faults. Numerical simulations are performed to evaluate the feasibility and applicability of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the miniemulsion polymerization of very hydrophobic monomers initiated by a completely water‐insoluble initiator: thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanism
Authors: Jansen Tom G. T. , Meuldijk Jan , Lovell Peter A. , van Herk Alex M.
Published: May 2016

Successful miniemulsion polymerizations of very hydrophobic monomers, such as lauryl methacrylate and 4‐tert‐butyl styrene, initiated by very hydrophobic (i.e., completely water‐insoluble) lauroyl peroxide, are reported. Conversion‐time histories, as well as final latex properties, for example, the particle size distribution, are different from similar miniemulsion polymerizations in the presence of water‐soluble initiators. The observed differences can be attributed to the average number of radicals inside a miniemulsion particle; the system obeys Smith‐Ewart case I rather than Case II kinetics. Albeit the pairwise generation of radicals in the monomer droplets, substantial polymerization rates are observed. Water, present in the droplet interfacial layer, is supposed to act as chain transfer agent. The product of a chain transfer event is a hydroxyl radical, exit of this hydroxyl radical allows for the presence of single radicals in particles. The proposed mechanisms allow for agreement between initial droplet and final particle size distributions in miniemulsion polymerization initiated by lauroyl peroxide. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2731–2745
A DFT study of Lp···π/halogen bond competition in complexes of perhalogenated alkenes with oxygen/nitrogen containing simple molecules
Authors: Yu Xing , Zhu Hongrui , Zeng Yi
Published: May 2016

The possible noncovalent lone pair‐π/halogen bond (lp···π/HaB) complexes of perhalogenated unsaturated C2ClnF4−n (n = 0–4) molecules with four simple molecules containing oxygen or nitrogen as electron donor, formaldehyde (H2CO), dimethyl ether (DME), NH3, and trimethylamine (TMA), have been systematically examined at the M062X/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis at the same level is used for understanding the electron density distributions of these complexes. The progressive introduction of Cl atom on C2ClnF4−n influences more on the lp···π complexes over the corresponding HaB ones. Within the scope of this study, gem‐C2Cl2F2 is the best partner molecule for lp···π interaction with the simple molecules, coupled with the greatest interaction energy (IE) and second‐order orbital interaction [E(2) value], whereas C2F4 is the poorest one. The C2Cl3F·H2CO and C2Cl4·H2CO complexes exhibit reverse lp···π bonding, while the Z/E‐C2Cl2F2·NH3, C2Cl3F·NH3 and C2Cl4·NH3 complexes perform half‐lp···π bonding according to the NBO analysis. The lp···π interaction involving the oxygen/nitrogen and the π‐hole of C2ClnF4−n overwhelms the HaB involving the oxygen/nitrogen and the σ‐hole of the Cl atom. The electron‐donating methyl groups contribute significantly to the two competitive interactions, therefore, DME and TMA engage stronger in the partner molecules than H2CO and NH3. Our theoretical study would be useful for future experimental investigation on noncovalent complexes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visualization of robust L1PCA
Authors: Zhou Yi‐Hui , Marron J. S.
Published: May 2016

Robust principal components are particularly challenging to find for high‐dimensional data sets, including genomic data. Conventional principal component analysis is often unduly influenced by a few closely related family members. This phenomenon is explained using the ideas of a high‐dimensional low sample size geometric representation. These ideas further show why the earlier robust method of spherical principal components fails to solve this problem. A solution is provided, which is called the visual L1 principal component analysis (VL1PCA). This approach is based on a backwards L1‐norm best‐fit idea. VL1PCA improves upon the best previous version of L1PCA by providing interpretable scores and a scatterplot visualization of the data. Another contribution is a new notion of robust centre, the backwards L1 median. The utility of VL1PCA is illustrated on examples and a real high‐dimensional data set. Our VL1PCA is not only robust to outliers but also gives a meaningful population stratification for data even in the presence of special family structure, when other methods fail. © 2016 The Authors. Stat Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Time to reflect: helping patients to understand the natural history of prostate cancer
Authors: Whelan Peter
Published: May 2016

The natural history of prostate cancer is different to other urological malignancies. The often extended survival should allow patients time to decide on the various options for management available to them. Peter Whelan suggests that healthcare professionals should not shoehorn prostate cancer into an inappropriate management paradigm and give patients the time they need to reflect at each step.
Análisis complementario del reporte de confiabilidad de Glaría et al.
Authors: Dominguez-Lara Sergio Alexis , Fernández-Arata Manuel , Calderón-De la Cruz Gustavo
Published: May 2016

En el estudio de Glaría et al.1, estimaron la confiabilidad de los puntajes con el coeficiente α de Cronbach, procedimiento que cuantifica el error de medida al aplicar un instrumento de evaluación. Los resultados indican un bajo coeficiente  α  aún para efectos de investigación (α ≥ 0.70)2 en la dimensión Despersonalización del MBI-SS (0.57),y para la dimensión Falta de realización personal (0.71) del MBISS y Satisfacción con los estudios (0.74) del UWES-S17 los α están cercanos a ese límite.
Educational Inequality, Educational Expansion and Intergenerational Mobility – CORRIGENDUM
Authors: BLANDEN JO , MACMILLAN LINDSEY
Published: May 2016

Within the original published article the acknowledgements section was sadly omitted. The following acknowledgement should have been included
What Kinds of Skills Are Necessary for Physicians Involved in International Disaster Response?
Authors: Noguchi Norihito , Inoue Satoshi , Shimanoe Chisato , Shibayama Kaoru , Matsunaga Hitomi , Tanaka Sae , Ishibashi Akina , Shinchi Koichi
Published: May 2016

Introduction

Physicians are key disaster responders in foreign medical teams (FMTs) that provide medical relief to affected people. However, few studies have examined the skills required for physicians in real, international, disaster-response situations.

Problem

The objectives of this study were to survey the primary skills required for physicians from a Japanese FMT and to examine whether there were differences in the frequencies of performed skills according to demographic characteristics, previous experience, and dispatch situations to guide future training and certification programs.

Methods

This cross-sectional survey used a self-administered questionnaire given to 64 physicians with international disaster-response site experience. The questionnaire assessed demographic characteristics (sex, age, years of experience as a physician, affiliation, and specialty), previous experience (domestic disaster-relief experience, international disaster-relief experience, or disaster medicine training experience), and dispatch situation (length of dispatch, post-disaster phase, disaster type, and place of dispatch). In addition, the frequencies of 42 performed skills were assessed via a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive statistics were used to assess the participants’ characteristics and total scores as the frequencies of performed skills. Mean scores for surgical skills, health care-related skills, public health skills, and management and coordination skills were compared according to the demographic characteristics, previous experience, and dispatch situations.

Results

Fifty-two valid questionnaires (81.3% response rate) were collected. There was a trend toward higher skill scores among those who had more previous international disaster-relief experience (P=.03). The more disaster medicine training experience the participants had, the higher their skill score was (P<.001). Physicians reported involvement in 23 disaster-relief response skills, nine of which were performed frequently. There was a trend toward higher scores for surgical skills, health care-related skills, and management and coordination skills related to more disaster medicine training experience.

Conclusion

This study’s findings can be used as evidence to boost the frequency of physicians’ performed skills by promoting previous experience with international disaster relief and disaster medicine training. Additionally, these results may contribute to enhancing the quality of medical practice in the international disaster relief and disaster training curricula.

NoguchiN,
InoueS,
ShimanoeC,
ShibayamaK,
MatsunagaH,
TanakaS,
IshibashiA,
ShinchiK. What kinds of skills are necessary for physicians involved in international disaster response?Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(4):397–406.
Visual Perceptual Organization Ability in Autopsy-Verified Dementia with Lewy Bodies and Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Mitolo Micaela , Hamilton Joanne M. , Landy Kelly M. , Hansen Lawrence A. , Galasko Douglas , Pazzaglia Francesca , Salmon David P.
Published: May 2016

Objectives:Prominent impairment of visuospatial processing is a feature of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and diagnosis of this impairment may help clinically distinguish DLB from Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The current study compared autopsy-confirmed DLB and AD patients on the Hooper Visual Organization Test (VOT), a test that requires perceptual and mental reorganization of parts of an object into an identifiable whole. The VOT may be particularly sensitive to DLB since it involves integration of visual information processed in separate dorsal and ventral visual “streams”.Methods:Demographically similar DLB (n=28), AD (n=115), and normal control (NC;n=85) participants were compared on the VOT and additional neuropsychological tests. Patient groups did not differ in dementia severity at time of VOT testing. High and Low AD-Braak stage DLB subgroups were compared to examine the influence of concomitant AD pathology on VOT performance.Results:Both patient groups were impaired compared to NC participants. VOT scores of DLB patients were significantly lower than those of AD patients. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the VOT for patientsversuscontrols was good, but marginal for DLBversusAD. High-Braak and low-Braak DLB patients did not differ on the VOT, but High-Braak DLB performed worse than Low-Braak DLB on tests of episodic memory and language.Conclusions:Visual perceptual organization ability is more impaired in DLB than AD but not strongly diagnostic. The disproportionate severity of this visual perceptual deficit in DLB is not related to degree of concomitant AD pathology, which suggests that it might primarily reflect Lewy body pathology. (JINS, 2016,22, 609–619)
Tracking down phrasal verbs in the spoken language of the past: Late Modern English in focus
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-PUENTE PAULA
Published: May 2016

This article analyses the formal and stylistic features of phrasal verbs in theOld Bailey Corpusand compares them with results obtained from the speech-related genres of ARCHER (A Representative Corpus of Historical English Registers), namely diaries, drama, letters and sermons. Phrasal verbs tend to be associated with spoken colloquial registers both in PDE and previous stages of the language, although this statement has been challenged by Thim (2006a, 2012), who argues that in EModE the (non-)occurrence of phrasal verbs in a particular text seems motivated by its contents, rather than its degree of formality. The results in this study show that phrasal verbs were a feature of the spoken language already in LModE, since their frequency is remarkably higher in trial proceedings, arguably the closest representation of the spoken word of the past. However, in contrast to other speech-related text types, the frequency of phrasal verbs in trial proceedings decreases over time, which seems to point towards a decolloquialisation of this genre over time. The study also shows differences at the formal level across genres, demonstrating that sermons display more formal and archaic characteristics, whereas trial proceedings contain features which bring them closer to the spoken language.
Latin for All Identities
Authors: Sawyer Bethanie
Published: May 2016

It is commonly known that in Latin, the verb that means to teach (docere) takes a double accusative: you teach a subject and a student. After a Master's degree and 12 years of teaching at the secondary level, I feel like I am pretty good at teaching my subject. But what I have come to realise is that the Latin teacher training program I graduated from did not prepare me quite so well as to teach my students – in the sense that there was a very important aspect of teacher training missing from my program and, as far as I knew, every other program out there. I never formally learned the importance of an inclusive and affirming classroom and curriculum, or how to achieve it.
Essential amino acids: master regulators of nutrition and environmental footprint?
Authors: Tessari Paolo , Lante Anna , Mosca Giuliano
Published: May 2016

The environmental footprint of animal food production is considered several-fold greater than that of crops cultivation. Therefore, the choice between animal and vegetarian diets may have a relevant environmental impact. In such comparisons however, an often neglected issue is the nutritional value of foods. Previous estimates of nutrients’ environmental footprint had predominantly been based on either food raw weight or caloric content, not in respect to human requirements. Essential amino acids (EAAs) are key parameters in food quality assessment. We re-evaluated here the environmental footprint (expressed both as land use for production and as Green House Gas Emission (GHGE), of some animal and vegetal foods, titrated to provide EAAs amounts in respect to human requirements. Production of high-quality animal proteins, in amounts sufficient to match the Recommended Daily Allowances of all the EAAs, would require a land use and a GHGE approximately equal, greater o smaller (by only ±1-fold), than that necessary to produce vegetal proteins, except for soybeans, that exhibited the smallest footprint. This new analysis downsizes the common concept of a large advantage, in respect to environmental footprint, of crops vs. animal foods production, when human requirements of EAAs are used for reference.