bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What are the reasons for choosing traditional medicine over conventional medicine? A qualitative study
Authors:   Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Universitas Harapan Bangsa, Indonesia, Firdaus Eza Kemal , Hardiyani Tati , Santos Silva Jony Francisco Dos , Amir Haeril
Published: February 2023

Objective: This study aims to describe the participants’ reasons for choosing traditional medicine over conventional medicine. Methods: This study uses a qualitative design with a phenomenological study design approach. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews with the samples selected via purposive sampling. Result: This study found three themes related to reasons for choosing traditional medicine over conventional medicine, which included doubts about conventional medicine, the factors, and the values of traditional medicine.
Effectiveness of self-acupressure interactive modules as a learning resource in reducing pruritus in hemodialysis patients
Authors:   Medical Surgical Nursing Department, Akademi Keperawatan Pasar Rebo, Indonesia, Panma Yuanita , Clara Hertuida , Nurhayati Siti
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The prevalence of pruritus in hemodialysis patients is relatively high due to the impact of chronic renal failure. Numerous studies have examined uremic pruritus and acupressure. Patients can learn self-acupressure to relieve pruritus by using an interactive module. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the self-acupressure interactive module as a learning source in relieving pruritus.
Factors influencing the incidence of premature rupture of membranes in Probolinggo District
Authors: Zakiyyah Muthmainnah , Supriyanto Stefanus , Dwi Wulandari Ratna , Ekasari Tutik
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is the rupture of the amniotic membranes before there are signs of labour. Objective: This Study aims to analyze the factors that influence the premature rupture of membranes. Methods: This research is analytic research with a cross-sectional design. The research was conducted in Probolinggo Regency. The population is all mothers giving birth in Probolinggo Regency in June – August 2021 as many as 90 people. The sampling technique uses total sampling. Sample: all mothers giving birth in Probolinggo Regency in June – August 2021 as many as 90 people. Bivariate data analysis with Chi-Square and multivariate logistic regression.
TINJAUAN YURIDIS PEMIDANAAN TERHADAP ANAK DALAM TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA ( Studi Putusan pengadilan negeri No.4/Pid.Sus-Anak/2021/ PN Unaaha)
Authors: Jaya Satria Lahadi  , Rosmaidar
Published: February 2023

Tinjauan Yuridis Pemidanaan Terhadap Anak Dalam Tindak Pidana Narkotika (Studi Kasus Pengadilan Negeri No 4/Pid.sus-Anak/2021/Pn. Unaaha Penyalahgunaan narkotika sudah lama menjadi masalah serius yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Narkotika juga dijadikan sebagai lahan basah yang menggiurkan bagi pengedar karena memberikan keuntungan yang sangat besar dari penjualan barang haram tersebut. Penyalahgunaan Narkotika di Indonesia belakangan ini semakin marak dan tidak hanya menyerang orang dewasa saja melainkan kalangan anak-anak dan generasi penerus bangsa juga dijadikan sasaran pengedaran Narkotika bahkan diantaranya dijadikan pengedar. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah guna untuk mengetahui Racitio Recidendi Hakim dalam memutuskan perkara nomor 4/pid.sus.-anak/2021/Pn unaaha. Tipe penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah normatif, dimana penelitian ini tidak hanya meliputi peraturan perundang-undangan dan bahan hukum di perpustakaan. Dari hasil penelitian maka dapat di simpulkan bahwa Analisis Yuridis Ratio Recidendi Hakim dalam memutuskan perkara Nomor.4/Pid.sus.anak/2021/Pn unaaha dalam menangani perkara tindak pidana memiliki narkotika secara melawan hukum pada umumnya telah mempertimbangkan hal-hal yang meringankan dan memberatkan terdakwa anak, telah menimbang ketentuan pasal 2 dan pasal 71 Undang-Undang No 11 Tahun 2012 dan juga sudah mempertimbangkan laporan hasil penelitian kemasyarakatan. Hakim tetap menjatuhkan pidana, hakim dalam putusan ini hanya menggunakan teori pemidanaan yaitu teori Detterence (Pencegahan) dengan menjatuhkan pidana pembinaan di luar lembaga dalam hal ini menempatkan pelaku anak di Lembaga Khusus Anak (LPKA) kelas II Kendari 3 (tiga) tahun, dan mengikuti pembinaan, pendidikan dan pelatihan kerja selama 3 (tiga) bulan.
THE INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION ASYMMETRY ON ACCOUNTING FRAUD TRENDS
Authors: Risal A. Ahmad
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of information asymmetry on accounting fraud tendencies in the West Sulawesi provincial government. This type of research uses a quantitative approach. This study uses primary data. Collecting data using questionnaires. The population in this study were government structural officials with the rank of echelon II, echelon III, and echelon IV, totaling 813 people. Sampling used the slovin formula method, so that a sample of 89 was obtained. This research used a simple linear regression analysis approach. The results of the study show that information asymmetry has a positive effect on the tendency of accounting fraud
THE EFFECT OF VIRAL MARKETING AND BRAND IMAGE ON PURCHASE DECISIONS THROUGH E-TRUST
Authors: Fatah Muh. Al , Arsyad Miftahul Jannah
Published: February 2023

Viral Marketing is a trend that is able to attract the attention of consumers through social media. This study aims to determine the effect of viral marketing and brand image on purchase decisions through e-trust. This research is a quantitative study using the SPSS 22 program. The population in this study is Kahf's Instagram followers. The sample in this research is 200 respondents. In addition, to test the feasibility of the instrument used validity and reliability tests, classical assumption tests, and hypothesis testing. Path analysis analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that (1) viral marketing has a positive and significant effect on e-trust, (2) brand image has a positive and significant effect on e-trust (3) viral marketing has a positive and significant effect on purchase decisions, (4) brand image has a positive and significant effect on purchase decision, (5) e-trust has a positive and significant effect on purchase decision. Based on the research results, suggestions for business actors provide more attractive advertisements for consumers, make product designs more attractive, and set products according to needs.
VALUE CHAIN MODEL IN ZAKAT MANAGEMENT AT MAKASSAR CITY NATIONAL AMIL ZAKAT AGENCY
Authors: Abdullah Anis , Rauf Deddy Ibrahim
Published: February 2023

This research aims to determine the application of value chain model in zakat management at the Makassar City National Amil Zakat Agency. Population in this research is financial statements BAZNAS Makassar City in 2016 to 2018. Sample this research is data zakat conducted by BAZNAS Makassar City in 2016-2018. Data collection in research is by documentation, observation and interviews. The analysis technique used is descriptive method of value chain model analysis. The results showed that value chain model application can describe the activities carried out and increase the BAZNAS Makassar City value added. Primary activities consisting of zakat receipts, management functions application, zakat distribution, distribution and services. Furthermore secondary activities consist of administration, technology development, human resources management, and institutional facilities.
The Influence of Product Quality on Customer Satisfaction at KFC Pettarani Branch, Makassar City
Authors: Virah Aulia
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of product quality on customer satisfaction at the KFC pettarani branch in Makassar. The independent variable in this study is product quality, while the dependent variable is customer satisfaction. The population in this study is the customer of KFC Pettarani Makassar City, amounting to 43,000 customers per month, while the sample used is based on the Slovin formula with an error rate of 10%, namely 100 respondents. Withdrawal sampling technique is non-probability sampling with the technique taken is accidental sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is simple linear regression analysis using SPSS 25.00 for windows. Based on simple linear regression analysis, the results obtained are product quality which affects customer satisfaction. The influence given is positive and significant. The positive direction given by the product quality variable (independent) can be seen from the regression equation as follows: Y = 1.663 + 0.310X. This shows that product quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction.
The Influence of Financial Literacy and Financial Inclusion on MSME Financial Performance in Makassar City
Authors: Amry Mahdan Abrari
Published: February 2023

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of financial literacy and financial inclusion on the financial performance of MSMEs in Makassar City. Sources of data in this study are primary data and secondary data. The population is all MSMEs in Makassar City which are registered with the Makassar City Cooperatives and MSMEs Office with sample selection using certain considerations (purposive sampling). The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis with SPSS (Statistical Product and Service Solutions) tools.
Use of the Single Index Model in Determining Investment Decisions During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Anwar
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine stock investment decisions during the COVID-19 pandemic using a single index model. The population in this study is all the shares of companies that are included in the IDX30 market index on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2021 period, namely 40 stocks, while the sample is 39 stocks selected based on purposive sampling technique. Data collection using documentation techniques. Data analysis was carried out using a single index model, starting with collecting the closing stock prices of each to get the optimal portfolio. The results of this study indicate that there are 29 stocks included in the optimal portfolio during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely (ADRO), (ANTM), (ASII), (BBCA), (BBNI), (BBRI), (BBTN), ( BMRI), (BRPT), (BTPS), (CPIN), (ERAA), (EXCL), (INCO), (INKP), (JPFA), (KLBF), (MIKA), (PGAS), (PTPP) , (PWON), (TBIG), (TINS), (TKIM), (TLKM), (TOWR), (UNTR), and (WSKT).
The Effect of Work Environment, Organizational Commitment and Compensation on Employee Performance at Aisyiyah St. Khadijah, Pinrang District
Authors: Saiful Herman  , Joko Kurniawan
Published: February 2023

This study aims to (1) examine and analyze partially and simultaneously the influence of the work environment, organizational commitment and compensation on employee performance. This research was conducted at St. Aisyiyah General Hospital. Khadijah Pinrang District by taking 86 employees as research samples. The results of this study indicate that (1) partially the work environment and organizational commitment variables significantly influence employee performance, while the compensation variable has no influence on employee performance at St. Aisyiyah General Hospital. Khadijah Pinrang District (2) simultaneously the work environment, organizational commitment and compensation significantly influence the performance of employees of St. Aisyiyah General Hospital
The Effect of Marketing Mix on Sales Volume of Suzuki Ertiga Cars at PT. Megahputra Sejahtera Pettarani Makassar Branch
Authors: Putri Abadi Handayani  , Muhammad Ichwan Musa
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of marketing mix on sales volume at PT. Megahputra Prosperous Pettarani Makassar Branch. The population in this study are consumers at PT. Megahputra Sejahtera Pettarani Makassar Branch who purchased Suzuki Ertiga car products in 2018-2022. Data collection was carried out using documentation and questionnaire methods. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis. Multiple linear regression equations produce equations Y ̂= 0.308+ 0.248X_1+ 0.009X_2+ 0.027X_( 3)+ 0.094X_4 + ( -0.151 ) X_5+ 0.403X_6 + 0.137X_7. This the results of this study found that simultaneously the Marketing Mix variable (X1, X2, X3, X4, X6, and X7) has a positive effect on Sales Volume while X5 has a negative effect on Sales Volume. The results of the determination correlation analysis (R Square) were 0.343 which indicated that 34.3% of the independent variables namely X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, and X7 had an effect or were able to explain the characteristics of the dependent variable (Y). While the remaining 65.7% is influenced or explained by other variables not included in this research model. The results of the F test explain that the seven Marketing Mix variables have a significant effect on the Sales Volume variable with a calculated F value (6.157) > F table (2.16) with a significance level of 0.000 <0.05 and the t test results explain that the Product variable (X1) with value 0.017 <0.05 and Process (X6) with a value of 0.001 <0.05 has a significant effect on Sales Volume variable
Analysis of Regional Expenditure Performance in the Report Budget Realization in Planning Agency Regional (BAPEDA) Majene District
Authors: Rusnah
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the expenditure performance of the District Planning Agency. Majene in the Budget Realization Report regarding the difference between spending and the budget, spending growth, spending efficiency and how capital expenditures and operations are being carried out. This research is a quantitative descriptive study, the data used is secondary data in the form of a report on the realization of the Regional Planning Agency's budget for the 2018-2020 fiscal year in Kab. Majene. The analytical techniques used are analysis of spending variance, analysis of spending growth, analysis of spending efficiency, and shopping compatibility. The results of this study indicate that the results of the analysis of the expenditure variance in 2018 - 2020 expenditure performance are considered good even though in 2018 the level of budget realization is very low, which is only 22% compared to the following year. Analysis of spending growth in 2018 – 2019 increased by 362%. Meanwhile, in 2019-2020, it actually decreased by 37% percent from last year. Expenditure efficiency analysis in 2018 the level of budget efficiency is 22%, in 2019 the level of budget efficiency is 98%, and in 2020 the level of budget efficiency is 95%. Although in 2018 the level of budget efficiency is still relatively good because it does not exceed the total budget target or the level of budget efficiency is above 100%. The compatibility analysis, namely the analysis of capital expenditures on total expenditures, shows that in 2018 the level of capital expenditure was only 1%, in 2019 it was only 2% and in 2020 it was only 1%. As for the analysis of operating expenses in 2018 it was 99%, in 2019 it was 98%, and in 2020 it was 99%.
The Effect of Internal Motivation and External Motivation on The Performance of Honorary Teachers at State Junior High Schools in Tarowang District, Jeneponto Regency
Authors: Muh. Asri Muzakkir
Published: February 2023

This research aims to know and explain the effects of internal motivation (X1) and external motivation (X2) on teacher Performance (Y). To figure out the internal motivation influence (X1) partially towards the teacher's performance (Y) and external motivation influence (X2) partially towards the teacher's performance (Y). This research was conducted at SMP Negeri di Tarowang Kabuaten Jeneponto Sub-district. The population and samples in this study are all honorary teachers at SMP Negeri in Tarowang Sub-district of Jeneponto district amounting to 34 people. The data collection techniques are done by providing questionnaires and observations. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression through the SPSS 21 application. External motivation to the performance of the honorary teachers had a very strong relationship. The results of multiple linear regression analyses showed that the contribution given by internal motivation and external motivation to the performance of the honorary teacher of the state Junior high School in Tarowang sub-district of Jeneponto was 63%.
The Effect of e-Service Quality And e-Satisfaction on e-Loyality at Mandar Coklat Shop Macoa
Authors: Azis Fadli
Published: February 2023

This study aims to find out how the effect of e-service quality on e-loyalty through e-satisfaction at Mandar Coklat Shop Macoa. The population in this study were customers at Mandar Coklat Shop Macoa the sample used was 60 customers. Data collection was carried out using the questionnaire method which was distributed via Google from. The data analysis technique used is partial least squares (PLS) using measurement model analysis (outer model) and structural model analysis (inner model) where the research results show a direct effect of E-Service (X) on E-Loyalty (Y), where from the results of the statistical test the result is a p-value (0.011) <0.05, which means that the p-value is less than the significance level of 0.05 so that there is a direct effect of E-Service on E -Loyalty.
Analysis of Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction on Repurchase Halal Fashion Products
Authors: Lukmana Ayu
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality on repurchasing and the effect of customer satisfaction on repurchasing halal fashion products at the Bone Sewing House (RJA). The variables used are Service Quality (X1), Customer Satisfaction (X2) as the independent variable and Repurchase (Y) as the dependent variable. This study uses a quantitative approach. The research was conducted using a purposive sampling technique, with a sample of 80 respondents. The data collection method was through distributing questionnaires to the customer population of the Bone Sewing House (RJA). The data analysis technique used is Partial Least Square (PLS). The results of this study indicate that service quality (X1) has a significant effect on repurchase (Y) and customer satisfaction (X2) has a significant effect on repurchase (Y) with a sig value of 0.000, which means the value is less than α 0.05 or (0.000 < 0.05).
The Influence of Product Quality and Price on Samsung Smartphone Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Sri Sandro Nandi Rasdina
Published: February 2023

This study is a quantitative study that aims to determine the effect of product quality and price on consumer satisfaction of Samsung smartphones (a case study on students of the Faculty of Economics, State University of Makassar). The independent variables in this study are product quality and price, while the dependent variable is consumer satisfaction. The population in this study were all active students of the Faculty of Economics, State University of Makassar class of 2018, using the Sampling method, a sample of 100 respondents was obtained. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires, literature study, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis using Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) v. 13. The results of this study indicate that product quality (X1) partially has a significant effect on consumer satisfaction for Samsung smartphones. Price (X2) partially has a significant effect on consumer satisfaction of Samsung smartphones. And product quality (X1) and price (X2) simultaneously have a significant effect on consumer satisfaction for Samsung smartphones.
Mediation Role of Work Life Balance on The Effect of Perceived Organization Support on Lecturer Job Satisfaction at Private University in Jakarta during Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Huda Nurul , Putri Dian Kemala , Ancok Djamalludin
Published: February 2023

The changes occurred during Covid-19 pandemic forced lecturers to be able to do their jobs well and to create a creative and innovative learning atmosphere. In order to make them continuing their duties properly during Covid-19 pandemic, they have to be able to feel job satisfaction. This study aims to examine the effect of perceived organizational support on job satisfaction in lecturers during Covid-19 pandemic through work life balance. The respondent consisted of 184 respondents with the criteria being lecturers who teach at private university in Jakarta and at least have a Master Degree. Data analysis used SPSS version 23 and SmartPLS version 3.2.9. The results of this study state that work life balance mediates the effect of perceived organization support on job satisfaction with a coefficient value of 0.055 and a t-statistic value of 3.136 > 1.96 with a p-value of 0.002 (ρ<0.05) and significant. This proves that work life balance plays role as a variable that mediates between perceptions of organizational support and job satisfaction in private university lecturers during Covid-19. These results have implications that need to develop a policy to create a good work life balance for lecturers by minimizing the role conflicts that occur and further improve support for lecturers so expectations of job for lectures are created.
The effect of neuromuscular fatigue created in the core region on the biomechanics of landing
Authors: Kıyak Görkem , Ercan Sabriye
Published: February 2023

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effect of neuromuscular fatigue created in the core region on the biomechanics of landing.

Materials and Methods: Healthy individuals aged between 18-25 years and without any musculoskeletal injury that prevented them from performing the landing test were included in the study. In the study, cross-over randomization was applied. After the descriptive characteristics of the individuals (lower extremity length, Q angle, range of motion etc.) participating in the study were recorded, core region endurance was evaluated with curl-up test, static back endurance test (Biering Sorenson test) and horizontal side bridge test. Subjective fatigue protocol was created with the prone bridge test. The effect of the fatigue caused by the prone bridge test performed during applied time on the biomechanics landing was examined with the 'Landing Error Scoring System'.

Results: The study included 21 women (77.8%) and six men (22.2%) whose age was 21.7±0.2 (21-25) years, height 168.7±1.6 (156-190) cm, body weight 59.3±1.6 (46-80) kg and body mass index 20.8±0.5 (17.5-28.8) kg/m2. It was determined that fatigue caused by the prone bridge test performed during applied time did not make a difference in the landing error score of the participants (p=0.545). It was determined that the results of the curl-up test and right horizontal side bridge test, in which endurance of the core region was determined, revealed a negative linear relationship with the landing error scores obtained after the fatigue protocol.

Conclusion: Increasing core region endurance of healthy individuals is associated with the response of lower extremity biomechanics to fatigue. Therefore, it is recommended that endurance exercises for the core region should be made a part of training programs.
The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental status of health workers at sports clubs
Authors: Denerel Nevzad , Yüksel Öçal Onur
Published: February 2023

Objective: COVID-19 pandemic has affected many people as well as athletes and healthcare professionals mentally. Although there are many studies examining the effect of the pandemic on the mental status of athletes and hospital staff, its effect on the psychological status of professionals providing athlete health care is unknown. This study investigates the effect of the pandemic on the mental health status of health workers of employed in sports clubs.

Method: A total of 192 physicians, physiotherapists and masseurs employed in four different sports branches (football, basketball, volleyball, handball) participated in this survey study, which was conducted one year after the outbreak of the pandemic. Three questionnaires, including Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, and Coronavirus Fear Scale were administered to evaluate the mental status of the participants.

Results: Physiotherapists' DASS-21 total and stress subgroup scores were found to be higher than those of masseurs (p=0.013, p=0.016, respectively). When compared by sports branches, the measurement results of healthcare professionals were similar (p>0.05). The DASS-21 anxiety subgroup scores were found to be higher in those who had COVID-19 infection than in those who did not (p=0.004). Nevertheless, the mean scores of the participants were in the normal range.

Conclusion: In this study, which was conducted about a year after the beginning of the pandemic, the COVID-19 pandemic and the coronavirus infection did not have a significant effect on the mental state of the sports health workers. This can be attributed to the fact that healthcare professionals have adapted to the pandemic process.
Is het chinolonengebruik in België gedaald door de gewijzigde terugbetalingsvoorwaarden van 2018?
Authors: Berwouts J. , Van haecht C. , Ntahonganyira R.-M. , Stokx J.
Published: February 2023

Has the use of quinolones in Belgium decreased due to the introduction of reimbursement conditions in 2018?

The substantial adverse drug reactions and contribution to antimicrobial resistance of quinolones implore public health initiatives to restrict the usage of these antibiotics. One such initiative in Belgium was to only reimburse quinolones under stringent conditions from May 2018 onwards. In this article, the authors aim to assess the effectiveness of this policy by charting the evolution of quinolone use.

This study is based on reimbursement data of quinolones delivered to members of the Christian health insurance fund (CM) in public pharmacies from May 1, 2016 to April 30, 2021. The variables of interest are the number of users and the volume in defined daily dose (DDD). Diagnostic data about members with approval for reimbursement were obtained from the database of the CM, containing authorisations of reimbursement.

19% to 28% of the authorisations were justified as ‘exceptional’ situations without any specific diagnosis. The number of users of reimbursed quinolones decreased by 75% immediately after the implementation of the policy, although a decrease of only 36% was observed in the overall use of quinolones (reconstructed by means of statistics provided by the Belgian society of public pharmacists (APB)).

The reimbursement policy in 2018 induced a substantial decrease (75%) in the use of reimbursed quinolones, but also a considerable increase in the use of non-reimbursed quinolones. Although the overall use still has decreased remarkably (36%) since the policy, the decrease was insufficient to reduce the use of quinolones to the objective of 5% of all prescribed antibiotics. In order to keep the quinolone use within reasonable bounds, the authors encourage education of health practitioners, dialogue between medical actors and sensibilisation of users. In addition, this study draws attention to the need for publicly available data on both reimbursed and non-reimbursed medication.
The Dynamics of Immature Rubber Photosynthetic Capacities Under Macronutrients Deficiencies
Authors: Anasrullah Anasrullah , Sajjaphan Kannika , Rattanapichai Wutthida , Kasemsap Poonpipope , Nouvellon Yann , Chura Dokkeaw , Chayawat Chompunut , Chotiphan Rawiwan
Published: February 2023

Pará rubber produces natural latex which is essential for the industries. Rubber plant in immature phase is prone to macronutrient deficiencies due to improper management practices in the field and the nature of immature plants that have sensitive physiological responses under stress conditions. The study aimed to assess the effect of macronutrient limitation on immature rubber trees’ photosynthetic capacity and growth. The immature rubber was pot-grown inside the greenhouse with a completely randomized design experiment and nutrient limitations used as the treatments. The treatments consisted of 5 levels, namely, NPK; NP (-K); NK (-P); PK (-N); Control (-NPK). Photosynthetic capacity parameters (Vc max: maximum rate RuBisCO carboxylation, Jmax: RuBP regeneration rate, and TPU: Triose Phosphate Utilization), tree growth (plant height, flush number, leaf number, stem diameter), and leaf macronutrient (N, P, and K) concentrations were periodically measured. Welsch’s test (α = 0.05) continued with Games-Howell pairwise comparison, followed by Pearson’s correlation test and polynomial regressions were performed to describe the nutrient limitation and photosynthetic capacity relationships. Results showed that the leaf nutrient concentration corresponds with the given treatments, even though it was above the critical level for immature rubber. The limitation of N fertilization slightly reduced plant development and growth such as height, leaf number, flush number, relative growth rate, and photosynthetic capacities. However, the P and K limitation effect could not be observed clearly in the observation periods on growth and photosynthetic capacity parameters. Furthermore, the mobility rate of nutrients from the soil to the plants and its translocation inside plant organs played more essential role in plant growth and photosynthetic capacities. Prolonged observation periods  on various rubber clones have to be performed to deeply understand the effects of nutrient deficiencies on immature rubber tree morphophysiological activities.
HIGHLIGHTS

Rubber plant in immature phase have sensitive physiological responses under stress conditions, and it is prone to macronutrient deficiencies due to improper management practices in the field
Assessment of macronutrient limitation effect on immature rubber trees’ photosynthetic capacity and growth is essential to understand how the plants strive under the nutrient scarcity and providing a perspective which nutrient is more essential
The N fertilization played more essential role compared to P and K, for immature rubber growth and photosynthetic activity

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Antioxidant, Anti-Oral Cancer, and Antimicrobial Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts: Development of Mouthrinse Formulations
Authors: Nanasombat Suree
Published: February 2023

Nowadays, there is growing interest in using medicinal plants as antimicrobial agents to treat microbial infections in the oral cavity. This study was aimed to evaluate phytochemical properties, anti-oral cancer and antimicrobial activity against C. albicans and some potential oral lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus plantarum). Plant extracts including Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon), Acorus calamus (sweet flag), Hibiscus sabdariffa (roselle), Zingiber officinale (ginger) and Alpinia officinarum (lesser galangal) were tested and used to formulate mouthrinses for oral health care. Cinnamon extract possessed the highest phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content, and antioxidant activity (1,152.58 mg ascorbic acid equivalent/g by phosphomolybdenum assay and 39.64 % nitric oxide radical scavenging activity), while roselle extract had the highest total alkaloids. Only lesser galangal extract displayed anti-oral cancer activity with 97.83 % cytotoxicity. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed the presence of galangin and kaempferide in the lesser galangal rhizome extract. The cinnamon extract showed the strongest inhibitory activity against Candida albicans (4 mg/mL MIC). Cinnamon extract (24 mg/mL) and cinnamaldehyde (0.08 mol/L) exhibited the best killing effect and the highest cellular protein leakage in C. albicans. In addition, these plant extracts were used to develop mouthrinse formulations. The extracts of cinnamon and ginger at 10 % in mouthrinse formulations could strongly inhibit the growth of C. albicans.  In comparison, 8 and 10 % roselle extracts showed the best inhibitory effect against Lactobacillus casei. In summary, cinnamon and lesser galangal were potential plants with antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-biofilm and anti-oral cancer activities, and thus can be utilized to formulate oral care products.
HIGHLIGHTS

Lesser galangal was found to be a prominent anti-oral cancer plant
Cinnamon was shown to be an interesting anti-Candida albicans plant
Cinnamon, ginger and roselle extracts at 10 % in mouthrinse formulations exhibited strong antimicrobial activity. These plants can be used to incorporate into oral care products for treatment and prevention of oral diseases

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Physical, Mechanical and Antibacterial Properties of Biodegradable Bioplastics from Polylactic Acid and Corncob Fibers with Added Nano Titanium Dioxide
Authors: Buddhakala Moragote , Buddhakala Nopparat
Published: February 2023

The objective of this research was to investigate the mechanical, physical and antibacterial activities and biodegradability properties of bioplastics from polylactic acid (PLA) and corncob fibers (CF). The bioplastics were prepared by mixing PLA and CF at different ratios (100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 % w:w) in the internal mixer and molding was done by using the hot-compressing molding method. The results demonstrated the decrease in tensile strength and elongation at break with increased in CF. Young’s modulus was found to be highest in the 70 %PLA: 30 %CF bioplastic, however, it decreased when the CF was increased. The hardness and water absorption were dependent on CF concentration. SEM analysis revealed the well dispersion of CF in PLA matrix. PLA matrix and increasing of CF induced in CF agglomeration. To develop PLA/CE plastic for antibacterial food packaging application, its antibacterial activity was conducted. The antibacterial determination revealed that 70 %PLA: 30 %CF containing 2 % TiO2 bioplastic exhibited the highest inhibition against E. Coli, S. aureus and B. subtilis. The results obtained from this research indicate that the bioplastics prepared from polylactic acid and corncob fibers is biodegradable bioplastics and can be used as alternate synthetic plastics. The bioplastic with 2 %TiO2 added can be utilized potentially for expected antibacterial food packaging.
HIGHLIGHTS

The bioplastics prepared from polylactic acid and corncob fibers (PLA/CF) is a biodegradable bioplastic
PLA/CF bioplastic with the addition of 1 % TiO2 possesses antibacterial property
Corncob fibers decrease tensile strength, elongation at break and Young’s modulus of the PLA/CF bioplastic
Corncob fibers increase the hardness and water absorption of the PLA/CF bioplastic
Increasing concentration of corncob fibers causes the agglomeration of corncob fibers in the PLA/CF bioplastic

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Assessment of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Penang, Malaysia’s Wastewater Treatment Plants: A Wastewater-Based Epidemiology Approach
Authors: Ruzi Iqbal Iman , Ishak Ahmad Razali , Abdullah Muhamad Azwat , Zain Nur Nadhirah Mohamad , Tualeka Abdul Rohim , Aziz Mohd Yusmaidie
Published: February 2023

Heavy metals and trace metals are among the most prevalent contaminants in sewage. Depending on the concentration and frequency of exposure, certain heavy metals are toxic, carcinogenic, and hazardous to humans. In this study, copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and cadmium (Cd) levels were measured in the collected wastewater samples from 10 selected domestic sewage treatment plants (STPs) in Penang, Malaysia in December 2021. All metals in the wastewater were determined using the atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS) method followed by the wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) analysis. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in the wastewater samples were found to be in the following order (unit of mg/L): Fe > Ni > Zn > Cu > Cd (influent), and Fe > Ni > Zn > Cd > Cu (effluent). Among the metals, Fe concentrations were found to be the highest in effluent, with average values at 5.93 ± 5.319 mg/L, slightly over than a maximum permissible Fe concentration. Cadmium level in all STPs was significantly higher when compared to the maximum permissible Cd concentration (0.02 mg/L) allowed by Malaysia’s regulation, with an average of 0.13 ± 0.011 mg/L. Other metals concentration such as Cu, Ni and Zn in wastewater at the studied STPs showed low level and were considered safe. Using the WBE approach, the collected data were then calculated to estimate the population’s exposure consumption to heavy metals. Mass loading demonstrated high Fe exposure in all STPs but low Cd exposure, with the mean exposure of 1,924.86 ± 2451.772 and 46.91 ± 20.936 mg/1000p/d, respectively. Given the World Health Organization’s recommendation for tolerable weekly cadmium intake, the estimated human exposure to Cd in this study was particularly concerning, in addition to the lack of efficiency of Cd removal in the studied STPs.
HIGHLIGHTS

The order of the heavy metal mean concentrations in wastewater samples was Fe > Ni > Zn > Cu > Cd (influent), and Fe > Ni > Zn > Cd > Cu (effluent)
The removal efficiency of the STPs followed the order: Cu > Fe > Zn > Cd > Ni
The daily exposure rate of Fe was recorded as the highest exposure rate among other studied heavy metals (1924.7 ± 2451.772 mg/1000p/d)
The daily exposure rate of Cd, estimated from the mass loads of total Cd, was found to be the lowest when compared to the other heavy metals (46.91 ± 20.936 mg/1000p/d)

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Phytochemicals, Cytotoxicity, Inhibitory Effect on Nitric Oxide Production and Alpha-Glucosidase Activity, and DPPH Scavenging Activity of Leaf Extract from Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne
Authors: Sakuljaitrong Supasorn , Buddhakala Nopparat , Buddhakala Moragote , Asawawibul4 Sasiprapha , Buatone Saowanee , Tongaram Yaowapar , Talubmook Chusri
Published: February 2023

Investigation of phytochemicals, cyto-toxicity,  inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production and α-glucosidase activity, and DPPH scavenging activity of leaf extract from Gymnema inodorum (Lour.) Decne (LEGI) revealed that GC-MS analysis demonstrated the presence of 83 phytochemicals with 5 main compounds i.e. Phytol (18.14 %), n-Hexadecanoic acid (12.45 %), 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-(3.92 %), 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)-(10.39 %) and Betulin (8.56 %), and 78 trace compounds in LEGI. MTT assay to investigate cytotoxicity showed that LEGI exhibited low cytotoxicity to the RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 of 128.77±2.82 µg/mL. Treatment with the LEGI significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production, an inflammatory mediator, in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. At the concentration of 50 mg/mL, LEGI inhibited NO production by 16.73±1.52 % which was less than Diclofenac did (27.07±1.81 %). The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity to determine the antidiabetic activity showed that LEGI exhibited the inhibition on α-glucosidase activity with IC50 of 0.34 mg/mL, which was less potent than Acarbose (IC50 of 0.20 mg/mL). Assay of 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl- hydrate (DPPH) radical scavenging to examine antioxidant activity revealed that LEGI demonstrated less potent DPPH scavenging activity compared to Butylated hydroxytoluene, BHT with IC50 of 0.43 vs 0.36 mg/mL, respectively. These results indicate that the leaf extract from G. inodorum possesses anti-inflamatory, antidiabetic and antioxidant activities that can be developed and used as natural agents for the tréamatent of diseases related to these activities.
HIGHLIGHTS

Using GC-MS analysis, there are 83 phytochemicals identified with 5 main compounds i.e. Phytol, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)-, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, (Z,Z,Z)- and Betulin, and 78 trace compounds in the ethanol leaf extract from Gymnema inodorum, and Phytol is the most predominant compound
The extract can inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production, indicating its anti-inflammatory property
The extract displays the inhibitory effect on α-Glucosidase activity, suggesting that the extract can be applied for antidiabetic management
The extract possesses antioxidant property as evidenced by scavenging DPPH free radicals
The extract shows low cytotoxicity to RAW 264.7 macrophages with IC50 of 128.77±2.82 µg/ml, by MTT assay

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Yönetici ve Öğretmen Algılarına Göre Geleceğin Öğrenci ve Velileri: Bir Metafor Analizi Çalışması
Authors: YALÇINKAYA Merve , İHTİYAROĞLU Neslin
Published: February 2023

Bu çalışmada, geleceğin öğrenci ve velilerine yönelik okul yöneticileri ve öğretmenlerin metaforik algılarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmada nitel çalışma modeli kullanılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda olgubilim deseni kullanımı tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmanın katılımcıları, Kırıkkale il merkezindeki ilköğretim kurumlarında görev yapan 75 okul yöneticisi ve 100 öğretmenden oluşmaktadır. Okul yöneticileri ve öğretmenlerin geleceğin öğrencileri ve velilerine yönelik metaforik algılarını belirlemek amacıyla, “ “Geleceğin öğrencileri ….. gibidir, çünkü …..” ve “Geleceğin velileri ….. gibidir, çünkü …..” ifadelerinin yer aldığı yarı yapılandırılmış metafor belirleme formu kullanılmıştır. Veriler içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Kodlayıcılar arasındaki ortalama güvenlik değeri %96 olarak bulunmuştur. Araştırmada okul yöneticileri, geleceğin öğrencilerine yönelik 35, geleceğin velilerine yönelik 41 çeşit metafor üretmişlerdir. Öğretmenler, geleceğin öğrencilerine yönelik 61, geleceğin velilerine yönelik 63 çeşit metafor belirtmişlerdir. Okul yöneticileri ve öğretmenlerin geleceğin öğrencileri ve velilerine ilişkin görüşlerinin oransal olarak değişmekle birlikte benzer olduğu, genellikle olumlu yönde olduğu, olumsuz görüşlerin az olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Okul yöneticileri ve öğretmenler, geleceğin öğrencileri ile ilgili en fazla ‘‘teknolojiye ayak uyduran’’ kategorisinde metaforlar üretmişlerdir. Geleceğin velileriyle ilgili okul yöneticileri ve öğretmenler en fazla ‘‘koruyan/destek olan’’ kategorisinde görüş belirtmişlerdir.
Türkiye’de Bütçe Açığının Sürdürülebilirliğinin Çoklu Yapısal Kırılmalı Eşbütünleşme Yöntemi ile Sınanması
Authors: BURGAÇ ÇİL Almıla
Published: February 2023

Bütçe açıklarının sürdürülebilirliği; büyüme, enflasyon ve faiz oranları gibi makroekonomik büyüklükleri etkilemekle birlikte mali disiplinin sağlanması açısından oldukça önemlidir. Artan bütçe açıklarının finansmanında karşılaşılan zorluklar ve kamu borç yükünün artması ise iktisat politikalarının başarılı bir şekilde uygulanması açısından mali politikaların sürdürülebilirliğinin önemini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Böylelikle, Türkiye ekonomisi için bütçe açığının sürdürülebilirliği hem uygulanan makro ekonomi politikaları hem de politika yapıcıları açısından gittikçe artan öneme sahiptir. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın amacı Türkiye ekonomisi için bütçe açığının sürdürülebilir olup olmadığını zamanlararası bütçe kısıtını temel alan modele dayalı olarak 1930-2021 dönemi için çoklu yapısal kırılmaları dikkate alan Kejriwal (2008) eşbütünleşme yöntemini kullanarak test etmektir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, yapısal kırılmalarla birlikte uzun dönemli ilişkinin varlığına yönelik kanıtlara ulaşılmıştır. Bütçe açığının güçlü/zayıf sürdürülebilirliğine yönelik her bir alt rejimdeki sonuçlara göre bütçe açıklarının güçlü sürdürülebilirliğine ilişkin bulgulara ulaşılamamış olup bu bulgu literatürdeki birçok çalışmanın sonucu ile benzer niteliktedir.
Kılınış Bakımından İ- Fiili
Authors: DOĞAN Ahmet Turan
Published: February 2023

Fiillerin ortaya çıktıkları ilk andan itibaren ifade ettikleri bir zaman unsuru ve gerçekleşme tarzı bulunmaktadır. Buna da kılınış denir. Türkçede her fiilin sahip olduğu bu özellik çeşitli durumlarda yardımcı fiillerde de vardır. Ancak, araştırmacılar tarafından i- fiili, bu açıdan pek de değerlendirilmemiştir. Bu sebeple, söz konusu çalışmada i- fiilinin ifade ettiği zaman unsuru üzerine değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur. Öncelikle, i- fiilinin kullanım alanı ortaya konmuş, ardından, çeşitli çalışmalarda nasıl anlamlandırıldığından bahsedilmiştir. Daha sonra, gerek tarihî gerekse de çağdaş metinlerden i- fiilinin kullanımıyla ve ifade ettiği zamanla ilgili örnek cümleler verilmiştir. Bu örneklerin bir kısmı, konuyu daha iyi açıklamak adına ol- fiili ile karşılaştırmalı bir biçimde seçilmiştir. Bu örneklerde, durum ifade eden i- fiilinin oluş ifade eden ol- fiiline göre daha eski bir zamanı karşıladığı görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla, sadece görülen geçmiş zaman kipi, öğrenilen geçmiş zaman kipi, geniş zaman kipi, -sA şart zarf-fiil, -dik / -dük sıfat-fiil ve -ken zarf-fiil ekleriyle kullanımı bulunan i- fiilinin daha eski bir zamana ait bitişi ifade ettiği, bu sebeple de gelecek zaman ifade eden ekleri üzerine almadığı görülmüştür. Bunun da söz konusu fiilin kılışındaki zaman unsurundan kaynaklandığı söylenebilir.
Aşk Mesnevilerinde (15 ve 16. Yüzyıl) Sırdaş Tipi
Authors: DURKAYA Hayriye
Published: February 2023

Zaman veya coğrafya fark etmeksizin tahkiyeye dayalı bir anlatımla kaleme alınan edebî metinlerde benzer özellikleri taşıyan şahıslar bulunur ki bunlar tip başlığıyla kategorize edilirler. Bu kategorizasyon içerisinde yer alan kavramlardan biri de “sırdaş tipi”dir. İlgili adlandırmaya modern edebiyat sahası içerisinde rastlansa da aynı işleve sahip bu tipin klasik Türk edebiyatında da var olduğu görülür. Tahkiye tarzının esas alındığı aşk mesnevilerinde bazı karakterler, sırdaş tipinin sahip olması gereken özellikleri taşımaktadırlar. Ana kahramanın hemen yanında yer alan sırdaş tipi, ona her zorlukta yardım eden, dinleyen, yol gösteren ve âşıkların kavuşması için elinden geleni yapan kişidir. Kahramanlarla samimi bir diyalog kuran sırdaş tip sayesinde kahramanların ruhsal halleri veya birbirlerine kavuşmak için ne gibi bir niyet içerisinde oldukları okuyucuya aktarılarak vakanın ilerleyişine katkıda bulunulur.

Çalışmada modern edebiyata ait bir terimin, klasik edebiyat sahasına da uygulanabileceği düşüncesiyle 15 ve 16. yüzyıldan seçilmiş dokuz mesnevi üzerinden bir incelemeye gidilerek ilgili mesnevilerdeki sırdaş tipler tanıtılmış ve son olarak sırdaş tipinin taşıdığı genel özellikler sıralanmaya çalışılmıştır.
18. ve 19. Yüzyıllarda Ünye Limanı: Bir İskelenin Yükselişi ve Gerileyişi
Authors: BAY Abdullah
Published: February 2023

Dünyanın en önemli iç denizlerinden biri olan Karadeniz, deniz ve karayolu bağlantıları kanalıyla Asya-Avrupa arasındaki deniz-kara ticaretini birbirine bağlar. Karadeniz’in Orta kesiminde yer alan Ünye ise gerek iç kesimler gerekse Kafkaslarla bağlantısı yüzünden, Karadeniz’in en önemli limanlarından biri olmuştur. Zaman zaman önemi azalıp çoğalsa da Ünye iskelesi, XVIII. yüzyıl itibarıyla Karadeniz’in uluslararası ticarete açılması sonucu iç deniz özelliğini kaybetmesi ve buna bağlı olarak yabancı tüccarların gelişiyle birlikte işlem hacmini giderek artırmıştır. XIX. yüzyılda ticaret hacminin artmasıyla, Ünye yeni açılan acenteler, düzenlenen seferler ve yerli ve yabancı tüccarlarıyla Karadeniz’in işlek limanları arasına girmiştir. Bu çalışma, arşiv kayıtlarına dayanan bilgiler ışığında, XIX. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında Ünye limanında gerçekleştirilen ticari faaliyetlerin açıklanması yoluyla Osmanlı denizcilik araştırmalarına katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT VAN HAI LÁ ÍT XÂM LẤN ĐƯỢC RÚT NỘI KHÍ QUẢN SỚM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HỮU NGHỊ VIỆT ĐỨC
Authors: Lê Hồng Quân , Phùng Duy Hồng Sơn , Nguyễn Hữu Ước , Nguyễn Thị Thảo
Published: February 2023

Mục đích nghiên cứu: Đánh giá kết quả sớm phẫu thuật van hai lá ít xâm lấn được gây mê rút nội khí quản sớm tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả hồi cứu nhóm bệnh nhân phẫu thuật van hai lá ít xâm lấn được gây mê theo phương pháp rút nội khí quản sớm tại Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức từ tháng 01/2021 đến tháng 04/2022. Kết quả: Tổng cộng có 44 bệnh nhân trong nghiên cứu với tỉ lệ nữ/nam - 1,6; Độ tuổi trung bình 49,61±10,73 (25 - 67). Không có bệnh nhân tử vong. Thời gian tuần hoàn ngoài cơ thể 103,51±20,66 phút (64 - 157) thời gian cặp động mạch chủ 81,02±15,85 phút (52 - 126), thời gian mổ 3,29±0,48 giờ (2,5 - 4.8), thời gian rút nội khí quản sau mổ 88,11±100,65 phút (10 – 360), thời gian nằm hồi sức 15,82±4,08 giờ (10 - 24), thời gian nằm viện sau mổ 13,18±3,72 ngày (8 - 25). Có 7 bệnh nhân (15,9%) loạn thần nhẹ sau mổ (sảng) điều trị nội khoa, xẹp phổi - 01(2,3%), chảy máu thành ngực mổ lại - 01(2,3%), rò bạch huyết vết mổ đùi - 01(2,3%). Kết luận: Kết quả bước đầu cho thấy phẫu thuật van hai lá ít xâm lấn được gây mê rút nội khí quản sớm là khả thi, an toàn và rút ngắn đáng kể thời gian thở máy, nằm hồi sức.