bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid screening of inorganic and organic anions in liquid by‐products from hydrothermal treatment of biomass by capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Nakatani Nobutake , Mosqueda Alexander , Cabot Joan Marc , Rodriguez Estrella Sanz , Yoshikawa Kunio , Paull Brett
Published: December 2017

A simple and rapid capillary electrophoresis method with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (CE‐C4D) for the simultaneous determination of inorganic and organic anions in liquid product obtained from the hydrothermal treatment of biomass residues is presented. Under the optimal analytical conditions, limits of detection ranged from 1.8 to 9.4 μM for most target solutes and 53 μM for citrate. Relative standard deviations were below 0.5% for migration times and within 0.6–6.5% for peak areas for all solutes. The proposed method was successfully applied for the rapid determination and screening of inorganic and organic anions in liquid product produced following differing hydrothermal treatment temperatures for banana and pineapple biomass, and the contribution of organic acid formation to acidity in the liquid was evaluated. CE‐C4D could be a suitable method for the optimization or tailoring of HTT conditions for desired liquid product composition, and additionally for determination of the best variety(s) of biomass to use in such processes.
Impact of IL‐22 and IL‐22 receptor alpha 1 polymorphisms on preeclampsia risk in Chinese Han women
Authors: Niu Zhaoyuan , Zhao Xin , Liu Hongling , Quan Jing , Lin Yan , Li Jing , Wang Jingli , Liu Mengchun , Song Weiqing , Chen Aiping , Liu Shiguo
Published: December 2017

Previous studies have indicated that an increased inflammatory response plays an important role in preeclampsia (PE), and rising levels of interleukin (IL)‐22 can trigger inflammation and hyperproliferation, leading to increased production of several pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1, IL‐6, and IL‐8. We aimed to investigate the association between polymorphisms of IL‐22 and IL‐22 receptor alpha 1 gene (IL‐22RA1) and PE in Chinese Han population. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2227485 in IL‐22 and rs3795299 in IL‐22RA were genotyped by Taqman real‐time PCR in 1071 PE patients and 1263 control subjects. Differences in genetic distribution were compared between two groups using the chi‐square test. Significant differences were observed in genotypic and allelic frequencies of IL‐22RA1 rs3795299 between healthy controls and PE patients (P < 0.001 by genotype; P = 0.001, odds ratio = 1.253, 95% confidence interval 1.103‐1.424 by allele). There were also significant differences in genotypic and allelic frequencies of rs3795299 between late‐onset/mild PE and control groups. In addition, we found obvious statistic difference for the allele of early‐onset PE/the genotype of late‐onset PE and control subgroups for IL‐22 rs2227485. IL‐22 rs2227485 and IL‐22RA1 rs3795299 may be associated with the development of PE in Chinese Han population. However, further validation is required in other populations, as well as an evaluation of the association of other SNPs in IL‐22 and IL‐22RA1 with PE.
Culturally Situated Leadership in the Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Bown Carolina , McClellan Jeffrey
Published: December 2017

Gender and leadership studies in Ecuador are an interesting and important topic for academic exploration. Following a qualitative methodology, female indigenous leaders from small Andean communities of Ecuador were interviewed to better understand their motives to lead, goals of leadership, and leadership practices. The methodologies utilized were direct observations and semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews with 19 Kichwa (or Quechua) women leaders in private, public, or community‐based organizations. The interview content was examined following Boyatzis’s (1998) thematic analysis supported by the computer software ATLAS.ti (Version 7). The analysis revealed that Andean women’s motivation to lead is based on a collective aspiration to improve their communities and that their leadership is influenced by the Andean cosmovision. With a unique approach to leader–follower relationships, these women’s leadership crosses the public–private boundary by not only addressing organizational interests but also the personal and family needs of followers. The current results have implications for public policymakers who wish to empower women leaders in underprivileged communities or who wish to promote organizational success in such communities in Ecuador. Implications for the study of leadership in Latin America are also evident.
Culturally Relevant Leadership Learning: Identity, Capacity, and Efficacy
Authors: Owen Julie E. , Hassell‐Goodman Sharrell , Yamanaka Aoi
Published: December 2017

The current article delves further into the functions of identity, capacity, and efficacy in culturally relevant leadership learning and offers a brief vignette to demonstrate how campus climate might shape leadership learning differently depending on one’s intersectional identities, positionality, and perspectives. Strategies for creating inclusive leadership learning environments are addressed throughout.
The case for normothermic machine perfusion in liver transplantation
Authors: Ceresa Carlo D. L. , Nasralla David , Coussios Constantin C. , Friend Peter J.
Published: December 2017

In recent years, there has been growing interest in normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) as a preservation method in liver transplantation. In most countries, because of a donor organ shortage, an unacceptable number of patients die while awaiting transplantation. In an attempt to increase the number of donor organs available, transplant teams are implanting a greater number of high‐risk livers, including those from donation after circulatory death, older donors, and donors with steatosis. NMP maintains the liver ex vivo on a circuit by providing oxygen and nutrition at 37°C. This permits extended preservation times, the ability to perform liver viability assessment, and the potential for liver‐directed therapeutic interventions during preservation. It is hoped that this technology may facilitate the enhanced preservation of marginal livers with improved posttransplant outcomes by reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury. Clinical trials have demonstrated its short‐term superiority over cold storage in terms of early biochemical liver function, and it is anticipated that it may result in increased organ utilization, helping to reduce the number of wait‐list deaths. However, further studies are required to demonstrate longer‐term efficacy and the impact on biliary complications as well as further knowledge to exploit and maximize the potential of this exciting new technology. Liver Transplantation 24 269–275 2018 AASLD.
Pain in SCN4A Mutated P.A1156T muscle sodium channelopathy—a postal survey
Authors: Suokas Kimmo , Palmio Johanna , Sandell Satu , Udd Bjarne , Hietaharju Aki
Published: December 2017

Introduction: The p.A1156T mutation alters the function of the voltage‐gated sodium channel Nav1.4 on the muscle sarcolemma, causing a channelopathy without overt myotonia or periodic paralysis but with myalgic pain. Methods: A postal survey was conducted to assess the prevalence and characteristics of pain and related symptoms in individuals with the p.A1156T mutation. A specific questionnaire, intensity and interference subscales of the Brief Pain Inventory, pain drawing, Widespread Pain Index, quality of life (RAND‐36), and the Beck Depression Inventory were completed. Results: Twenty of 24 patients replied. Current pain was reported by 16 respondents; the other 4 had experienced pain previously. Most commonly, pain was widespread and exercise‐induced. The severity and the impact of pain on daily life were considerable, although varied. Discussion: This sodium channelopathy is another entity in the growing number of diseases causing widespread myalgic pain that resembles the pain seen in fibromyalgia syndrome. Muscle Nerve 57: 1014–1017, 2018
Not all Anchors Weigh Equally
Authors: Greenstein Michael , Velazquez Alexandra
Published: December 2017

Abstract. The anchoring bias is a reliable effect wherein a person’s judgments are affected by initially presented information, but it is unknown specifically why this effect occurs. Research examining this bias suggests that elements of both numeric and semantic priming may be involved. To examine this, the present research used a phenomenon wherein people treat numeric information presented differently in Arabic numeral or verbal formats. We presented participants with one of many forms of an anchor that represented the same value (e.g., twelve hundred or 1,200). Thus, we could examine how a concept’s meaning and its absolute numeric value affect anchoring. Experiments 1 and 2 showed that people respond to Arabic and verbal anchors differently. Experiment 3 showed that these differences occurred largely because people tend to think of numbers in digit format. This suggests that one’s conceptual understanding of the anchored information matters more than its strict numeric value.
Towards an anti-disease malaria vaccine
Authors: Lennartz Frank , Lavstsen Thomas , Higgins Matthew K.
Published: December 2017

Human infective parasites, such as those that cause malaria, are highly adapted to evade clearance by the immune system. In situations where they must maintain prolonged interactions with molecules of their host, they often use parasite surface protein families. These families are highly diverse to prevent immune recognition, and yet, to promote parasite survival, their members must retain the ability to interact with specific human receptors. One of the best understood of the parasite surface protein families is the PfEMP1 proteins of Plasmodium falciparum. These molecules cause infected erythrocytes to adhere to human receptors found on blood vessel and tissue surfaces. This protects the parasite within from clearance by the spleen and also causes symptoms of severe malaria. The PfEMP1 are exposed to the immune system during infection and are therefore excellent vaccine candidates for use in an approach to prevent severe disease. A key question, however, is whether their extensive diversity precludes them from forming components of the malaria vaccines of the future?
Transmembrane solute transport in the apicomplexan parasite Plasmodium
Authors: Staines Henry M. , Moore Cathy M. , Slavic Ksenija , Krishna Sanjeev
Published: December 2017

Apicomplexa are a large group of eukaryotic, single-celled parasites, with complex life cycles that occur within a wide range of different microenvironments. They include important human pathogens such as Plasmodium, the causal agent of malaria, and Toxoplasma, which causes toxoplasmosis most often in immunocompromised individuals. Despite environmental differences in their life cycles, these parasites retain the ability to obtain nutrients, remove waste products, and control ion balances. They achieve this flexibility by relying on proteins that can deliver and remove solutes. This reliance on transport proteins for essential functions makes these pathways excellent potential targets for drug development programmes. Transport proteins are frequently key mediators of drug resistance by their ability to remove drugs from their sites of action. The study of transport processes mediated by integral membrane proteins and, in particular, identification of their physiological functions and localisation, and differentiation from host orthologues has already established new validated drug targets. Our understanding of how apicomplexan parasites have adapted to changing environmental challenges has also increased through the study of their transporters. This brief introduction to membrane transporters of apicomplexans highlights recent discoveries focusing on Plasmodium and emphasises future directions.
Novel Mealtime Duration Measures: Reliability and Preliminary Associations With Clinical Feeding and Swallowing Performance in Self-Feeding Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Mishra Avinash , Sheppard Justine J. , Kantarcigil Cagla , Gordon Andrew M. , Malandraki Georgia A.
Published: December 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine (a) the reliability of newly developed measures of mealtime duration and (b) their relationship to clinical feeding/swallowing performance in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP).

Method

Seventeen self-feeding children (9 boys, 8 girls) with SCP (age range = 5;1 [years;months] to 17;6, Gross Motor Function Classification System range = I–IV) were assessed during mealtimes using the Dysphagia Disorder Survey (DDS; Sheppard, Hochman, & Baer, 2014). Children were divided into 2 groups, children with primarily unilateral or bilateral brain involvement. Duration measures included mealtime duration and total sip/bite duration for each bolus type (liquid and solid).

Results

Excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability for all duration measures was observed (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 1.00 and 0.955, respectively, for mealtime duration; ICC = 1.00 and 0.963, respectively, for solid/bite duration; ICC = 1.00 and 0.957, respectively, for liquid/sip duration). Positive correlations were found between total mealtime duration and DDS Part 1,
r

s

= .514 [.045–.797],
p
= .035; Part 2,
r

s

= .528 [.064–.804],
p
= .029; and total scores,
r

s

= .665 [.271–.868],
p
= .004, and between total solid/bite duration and DDS Part 1,
r

s

= .579 [.137–.828],
p
= .015; Part 2,
r

s

= .620 [.199–.847],
p
= .007; and total scores,
r

s

= .762 [.444–.909],
p
< .001. Children with unilateral brain involvement exhibited significantly lower DDS total (
p
= .049) and Part 2 scores (
p
= .026), indicating better feeding/swallowing performance/skills. They also had shorter mealtime duration (
p
= .019) and solid/bite duration (
p
= .025) compared with children with bilateral involvement.

Conclusions

Our new mealtime duration measures are reliable and correlate with feeding/swallowing performance in a sample of self-feeding children with SCP. Therefore, they may be useful supplements to feeding/swallowing assessments for this population.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5715076
Energy spectra of carbon and oxygen with HELIOS E6
Authors: Marquardt J. , Heber B. , Potgieter M. S. , Strauss R. D.
Published: December 2017

Context. Anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) are well-suited to probe the transport conditions of cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere. We revisit the HELIOS data not only in view of the upcoming Solar Orbiter experiment but also to put constraints on particle transport models in order to provide new insight into the boundary conditions close to the Sun.

Aims. We present here the energy spectra of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) carbon and oxygen, as well as of ACR oxygen during solar quiet time periods between 1975 to 1977, utilizing both HELIOS spacecraft at distances between ~0.3 and 1 AU. The radial gradient (Gr ≈ 50%/AU) of 9–28.5 MeV ACR oxygen in the inner heliosphere is about three times larger than the one determined between 1 and 10 AU by utilizing the Pioneer 10 measurements.

Methods. The chemical composition as well as the energy spectra have been derived by applying the dE∕dx − E-method. In order to derive these values, special characteristics of the instrument have been taken into account.

Results. A good agreement of the GCR energy spectra of carbon and oxygen measured by the HELIOS E6 instrument between 0.3 and 1 AU and the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP) 8 at 1 AU was found. For ACR oxygen, we determined a radial gradient of about 50%/AU that is three times larger than the one between 7 and 14 AU, indicating a strong change in the inner heliosphere.
Implementation of a generalized actuator line model for wind turbine parameterization in the Weather Research and Forecasting model
Authors: Marjanovic Nikola , Mirocha Jeffrey D. , Kosović Branko , Lundquist Julie K. , Chow Fotini Katopodes
Published: December 2017

A generalized actuator line (GAL) wind turbine parameterization is implemented within the Weather Research and Forecasting model to enable high-fidelity large-eddy simulations of wind turbine interactions with boundary layer flows under realistic atmospheric forcing conditions. Numerical simulations using the GAL parameterization are evaluated against both an already implemented generalized actuator disk (GAD) wind turbine parameterization and two field campaigns that measured the inflow and near-wake regions of a single turbine. The representation of wake wind speed, variance, and vorticity distributions is examined by comparing fine-resolution GAL and GAD simulations and GAD simulations at both fine and coarse-resolutions. The higher-resolution simulations show slightly larger and more persistent velocity deficits in the wake and substantially increased variance and vorticity when compared to the coarse-resolution GAD. The GAL generates distinct tip and root vortices that maintain coherence as helical tubes for approximately one rotor diameter downstream. Coarse-resolution simulations using the GAD produce similar aggregated wake characteristics to both fine-scale GAD and GAL simulations at a fraction of the computational cost. The GAL parameterization provides the capability to resolve near wake physics, including vorticity shedding and wake expansion.
Reduction of intergranular exchange coupling and grain size for high Ku CoPt-based granular media: Metal-oxide buffer layer and multiple oxide boundary materials
Authors: Tham Kim Kong , Kushibiki Ryosuke , Kamada Tomonari , Hinata Shintaro , Saito Shin
Published: December 2017

Investigation of magnetic properties and microstructure of granular media with various multiple oxides as the grain boundary material is reported. Saturation magnetization (Ms), uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy (Ku), and magnetic grain diameter (GD) of the granular media show linear correlation with volume weighted average for melting point (Tm) of each oxides (Tmave). Ku of magnetic grains (Kugrain) shows a trade-off relation with GD that it is a big challenge to satisfy both high Kugrain and small GD by only controlling Tmave. To obtain a granular medium with appropriate Kugrain, GD, and low degree of intergranular exchange coupling, the combination of Tmave control of grain boundary material by mixing oxides and employment of a buffer layer are required. Here the degree of intergranular exchange coupling is estimated from the slope of M-H loop at around coercivity (α). By applying this technique, a typical granular medium with Kugrain of 1.0×107 erg/cm3, GD of 5.1 nm, and α of 1.2 is realized.
The Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Substance Use Disorder Treatment for Emerging Adults
Authors: Andrews Christina M. , Bersamira Clifford , Westlake Melissa
Published: December 2017

Emerging adults have the highest prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD) of any age group, and only a fraction of those emerging adults in need of SUD treatment ever receive it. However, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) has dramatically increased the number of emerging adults with health insurance coverage for SUD in the United States. In this chapter, we examine how several provisions of the ACA, including Medicaid expansion, the dependent coverage mandate, and the establishment of healthcare marketplaces, have increased emerging adults’ access to quality SUD treatment. On the whole, the ACA has significantly increased access to SUD treatment among emerging adults. However, addressing existing barriers to effective implementation, including issues related to the capacity of our current SUD treatment system, socioeconomic barriers, public outreach and awareness, and variation in treatment access and quality, will prove vital in securing long-term success of the ACA.
Introduction to This Guide
Authors: Eddington Kari M. , Strauman Timothy J. , Vieth Angela Z. , Kolden Gregory G.
Published: December 2017

Depression is one of the most common forms of mental illness, and mental health professionals in a variety of practice settings have witnessed its debilitating effects. Many pathways can lead to depression, and no single approach to treatment is successful for all clients. Chapter 1 provides an overview of self-system therapy (SST), a treatment approach that targets deficits in self-regulation. Research has shown that SST is as effective overall as cognitive therapy and that it leads to better outcomes for a subset of depressed clients who struggle with self-regulation. Suggestions are given for how the Therapist Guide and Client Workbook should be used for the treatment of depression.
Orientation Phase (Sessions 1–4)
Authors: Eddington Kari M. , Strauman Timothy J. , Vieth Angela Z. , Kolden Gregory G.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 5 provides a session-by-session guide to the orientation phase of self-system therapy (SST). The main goals of orientation are to familiarize the client with the structure and focus of SST and to establish a strong, collaborative working alliance that supports the client’s efforts in identifying and addressing underlying sources of problems in self-regulation. The orientation phase involves educating the client about self-regulation, reinstating goal-directed activities, conducting a self-in-context assessment, and developing a problem formulation. The therapist completes an evaluation of the client’s presenting problems, introduces the idea of self-regulation, and searches for the possible origins of self-guides and standards to develop a formulation of the problems with self-regulation that are most directly associated with the depression. SST emphasizes the breakdown in motivation that characterizes episodes of depression and uses the orientation phase to begin to increase the client’s level of goal-directed activity (especially promotion-oriented activity) and identify targets for change.
Supporting Strong Transitions for Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Carter Erik W.
Published: December 2017

A principle purpose of special education is to prepare students with disabilities to flourish in adulthood. The constellation of coursework, extracurricular activities, social events, and other school activities offered across the grade span is all aimed at equipping students with the skills, knowledge, experiences, and connections they need to attain their post-school goals. The poor outcomes being experienced by young adults with ASD are not intrinsic to the disorder. With appropriate transition planning and services, individuals with ASD can also expect to achieve these desired post-school outcomes. This chapter highlights the research concerning evidence-based secondary transition practices and how they can be applied when providing services to individuals with ASD.
Teaching Skills to Adolescents Using Applied Behavior Analysis
Authors: Molteni John
Published: December 2017

Applied behavior analysis is a systematic approach to teaching skills to adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Approaches to skill-building can be applied to teach academic, behavioral, adaptive living, and social skills. When teaching skills, consideration of the skills to be taught, the level at which that skill should be performed, and the value of that skill to the individual is necessary. Assessment requires identifying skills that are valued by the communities in which the individual participates and serve to increase independent functioning. Skill development programs require a generalization component to ensure that acquired skills are demonstrated across settings, people, and materials. Prompting can serve as an important means of supporting errorless learning. However, prompts must be faded quickly to prevent prompt-dependency. Fluency in skill development is a means of measuring automaticity in learned skills that support maintenance, generalization, and endurance of learned skills post-training.
Parents Who are Separating or Divorced
Authors: Stallman Helen M. , Ohan Jeneva L.
Published: December 2017

Separation and divorce are significant life stressors for families. The developmental outcomes for children from this experience are dependent on a range of factors, including co-parental conflict, poor parenting, and parental mental health. Parenting interventions, particularly early in the separation process, have the potential to address modifiable family risk factors and enhance protective factors to optimize positive child and family outcomes. Family Transitions Triple P was developed in response to demand from both consumers and the court system for support for parents going through divorce. Family Transitions Triple P provides families with a high standard of care in promoting positive outcomes for children.
Parenting Support in the Context of Natural Disaster
Authors: Cobham Vanessa E. , McDermott Brett , Sanders Matthew R.
Published: December 2017

Natural disasters have become more frequent with climate change. Postdisaster, children and adolescents represent a particularly vulnerable group. Parents have a vital role in influencing how their children make sense of and respond to any potentially traumatic event. Supporting parents is particularly critical postdisaster, as parents will typically have been affected also, with implications for their parenting and the parent–child relationship. To date, only one postdisaster parenting intervention has been described and evaluated. A new, universal parenting intervention—Disaster Recovery Triple P (DRTP)—is introduced and efficacy data presented. Implementation issues to be considered in making a parenting intervention such as DRTP work in a postdisaster context are discussed.
Technology-Assisted Delivery of Parenting Programs
Authors: Turner Karen M. T. , Baker Sabine , Day Jamin J.
Published: December 2017

Increasingly, parents are looking to the Internet for information and advice about parenting. This presents an opportunity to broaden the reach and availability of evidence-based parenting support in an extremely cost-effective manner if we can harness the power of the Internet to deliver engaging and effective interactive programs. Online platforms provide the potential to tailor content and feedback to the user and reduce barriers to participation through ease and immediacy of access, flexibility and self-paced delivery, and increased privacy. This chapter examines the role of technology-assisted delivery of parenting support and discusses challenges in providing evidence-based parenting programs online. Learnings from research into the Triple P Online family of web-based programs are shared, including implementation issues that influence program outcomes, such as program engagement, dosage, and provision of professional support.
Responding to Cultural Diversity in Families
Authors: Mazzucchelli Trevor G.
Published: December 2017

The adoption of a comprehensive population-based approach to parenting support means that effective parenting programs must truly be inclusive and relevant to all cultures. This chapter introduces a series of four chapters that explore how evidence-based parenting support can best respond to barriers and challenges and embrace cultural diversity in families everywhere. Themes emerging from this content include the importance of understanding and respecting parents’ beliefs and values, the flexible and responsive delivery of evidence-based parenting programs, and collaboratively working toward shared goals. Considerable conceptual and empirical work is being undertaken in the area of parenting support for families of diverse cultural backgrounds. This work provides optimism for the positive impact that evidence-based parenting programs will have in the coming years for children, families, and communities globally.
Making Large-Scale Population-Level Implementation Work
Authors: Sanders Matthew R.
Published: December 2017

The successful large-scale implementation of the Triple P system of evidence-based parenting support requires a comprehensive implementation framework based on principles of implementation science to ensure programs can be scaled and deployed with fidelity. This section provides an overview of a range of factors that might influence the scalability of an intervention. Chapters outlining the Triple P Implementation Framework and system for training and accrediting professionals are discussed. However, any population-based approach needs a strong communications campaign to ensure that parents are aware of the programs, have a pathway to access the program, and are motivated to do so. Having reliable and valid measurement tools to assess outcomes at a population level is particularly important to ensure that policy-driven investments in parenting are achieved. Finally, an innovative model of clinical supervision using peer mentoring is discussed as a way of promoting competent program use.
Measuring Child, Parent, and Family Outcomes at Individual and Population Levels
Authors: Morawska Alina , Sanders Matthew R.
Published: December 2017

The hallmark of evidence-based approaches to parenting support is the systematic, comprehensive, and continuing measurement of outcomes, over time, across individuals and groups. The chapter beings by describing the typical targets of parenting intervention (e.g., child behavior and adjustment; parenting behavior and self-efficacy) as well as less frequently assessed, more distal, intervention targets (e.g., parent adjustment, couple relationships). The common types of assessments and best practice approaches to assessment are described. In particular, approaches to measuring individual child, parenting, and family outcomes, as well as approaches to measuring population-level outcomes are detailed. Finally, commonly used approaches to assess the effects of Triple P are outlined.
Partnerships and Scaling Up Population-Level Interventions
Authors: Owens Conor , Doyle Orla , Hegarty Mary , Heavey Karen , Farrell Eamonn
Published: December 2017

The successful implementation of population-based parenting strategies require alliances and partnerships between service provision agencies, local government, funders, and consumers to implement parenting programs. This chapter describes the Midland Area Parenting Partnership approach to parenting that implemented the population-level Triple P—Positive Parenting Program in the Republic of Ireland. Based on principles of self-regulation, minimal sufficiency and a focus on outcomes, the implementation model was based on a core team who drove local implementation and facilitated quality delivery, reach, scaling up, and sustainability. The chapter provides lessons learned on the development of effective local partnerships to support effective parenting. The partnership and core team model are continually evolving in response to lessons learned.
Supporting Families of Children with a Disability
Authors: Sofronoff Kate , Gray Kylie M. , Einfeld Stewart L. , Tonge Bruce J.
Published: December 2017

This chapter emphasizes the need for targeted support at a population level for families of children with disabilities. The significantly higher risk of child behavioral and emotional problems can leave parents open to much greater stress, social isolation, and a sense that no help is available. Evidence-based parenting support can redress this, but it is likely to take some time before such support is widely available. Engagement with both professionals and parents takes time and occurs within a political climate that can easily change and disrupt the introduction and sustainability of an effective program. Despite difficulties, however, when parents are able to access an evidence-based parenting program the outcomes are positive for both parents and children, and parents report greater confidence in moving forward with their children.
Innovation in Parenting Programs
Authors: Sanders Matthew R. , Turner Karen M. T. , Mazzucchelli Trevor G.
Published: December 2017

Innovation has characterized the whole field of behavioral family intervention since its inception. This chapter reflects on the innovative developments that have occurred over the past four decades as the field of evidence-based parenting support has evolved in response to cumulating evidence relating to effectiveness. Despite these advances, it is argued that new approaches are needed to improve outcomes in many areas of unmet need and to address contemporary issues for new generations of parents. The challenge is to deliver evidence-based parenting support on a global scale and thereby substantially enhance the well-being of all children, families, and communities. The organizational contexts and research environments that are likely to nurture a thriving culture of program innovation while training the next generation of parenting researchers and program developers are discussed.
U Skill: Use Detective Thinking and Problem Solving
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 7 of the Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children: Workbook (UP-C) introduces the skill of problem solving with a non-emotional example, or the “Problem Solving Game.” Child clients practice problem solving using increasingly personally-relevant scenarios, such as those with friends and family members.
E Skill: Experience My Emotions
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 10 of the Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children: Workbook (UP-C) reviews the concept of using science experiments to face strong emotions and introduces the idea of safety behaviors and subtle avoidance behaviors (e.g., distraction). In session, the children practice a science experiment to face strong emotions as a group (sample situational emotion exposure). The therapist works with the children and parents to make plans for future science experiments for facing strong emotions (individualized situational emotion exposures).
Getting to Know Your Emotions and Behaviors
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bennett Shannon M. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 2 discusses the purpose of emotions, the three parts of an emotion, and the cycle of avoidance. The chapter also defines common emotion words and helps teens identify which emotions they experience most often. Emotions, although they often feel unpleasant, are normal, natural, and necessary for survival. They give us a signal that something is going on in our environment and we need to pay attention. The three parts of an emotion are thoughts (what we think), physical sensations (what we feel in our bodies), and behaviors (what we do).
Core Module 5: Being Flexible in Your Thinking
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Buzzella Brian A. , Bennett Shannon M. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 5 is designed to help adolescents be more flexible in the way they interpret ambiguous signals or situations in the world. Youth with emotional disorders often have a first impression or “automatic thought” that such signals or situations are negative or threatening. Thinking more flexibly this requires that such clients are first able to identify these interpretations. Adolescents learn to evaluate the interpretations they make, identifying which of their interpretations seem realistic or likely to be true. Clients are presented with a number of tools for making these decisions, including information on “thinking traps” and using “Detective Thinking” as a means of evaluating these interpretations. Adolescents are taught a series of steps for solving a problem, which is also designed to increase cognitive flexibility, particularly as it applies to selecting adaptive behavioral solutions.
Core Module 8: Reviewing Accomplishments and Looking Ahead
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Buzzella Brian A. , Bennett Shannon M. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 8 is the final adolescent module. It is important for therapists to review all the skills covered in treatment as well as the progress that clients have made to emphasize their ability to effectively address strong or intense emotions that they may experience in the future. As adolescents have gained a new support system by coming to therapy each week, the termination of therapy may be unsettling for them. Helping clients plan for future stressors and decide what skills to emphasize (developing a post-treatment plan) will help prevent a relapse to pretreatment levels of distress.
UP-C Session 2: Getting to Know Your Emotions
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Buzzella Brian A. , Bennett Shannon M. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 12 provides education about the structure and function of emotions. Child group members begin to practice identifying and rating the intensity of their emotions, as well as breaking emotions down into their component parts (thoughts, body clues, behaviors). Children also learn to understand the course of their emotional experiences by examining what happens “Before, During, and After” a given emotion. The cycle of avoidance and other emotional behaviors are also covered. The parent session introduces the idea that parenting behaviors used in response to a child’s strong emotions may accidentally maintain or amplify the child’s distress. An overview of one common emotional parenting behavior (criticism) and its opposite parenting behavior (praise/positive reinforcement) is presented.
UP-C Session 5: Look at My Thoughts
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Buzzella Brian A. , Bennett Shannon M. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 15 introduces the idea of flexible thinking. This session teaches children to recognize that their initial negative or threatening interpretation of an ambiguous situation may not be realistic or accurate. The parent session introduces the concept of cognitive flexibility, emphasizing that their child’s first interpretation of a situation may not be the most realistic or accurate. Parents learn about the four thinking traps covered in the child component of the session (jumping to conclusions, mind reading, thinking the worst, and ignoring the positive) so that they can help their children identify thinking distortions. This session also covers an additional emotional parenting behavior (inconsistency) and its opposite parenting behavior (consistent reinforcement and discipline).
Durability of Telbivudine-Associated Improvement of Renal Function Following Withdrawal or Switching of Antivirals in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Hsu Chao-Wei , Chen Yi-Cheng , Chang Ming-Ling , Lin Chen-Chun , Lin Shi-Ming , Chen Wei-Ting , Chu Yu-De , Yeh Chau-Ting
Published: December 2017

Background

Besides antiviral activities against hepatitis B virus (HBV), telbivudine has an extrahepatic pharmaceutical effect: to improve renal function assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, the durability of this effect after withdrawal of telbivudine or switching to other antivirals has never been investigated.

Methods

We conducted a postmarketing, real-world observation study for telbivudine treatment. The durability of telbivudine-associated renal function improvement was examined following withdrawal/switching of antivirals.

Results

Of 160 telbivudine-treated, chronic hepatitis B patients, 21, 6, and 2 patients were loss to follow-up, dead, and pregnant during the study, respectively. Of the remaining 131 patients, 26, 47, 28, and 30 patients experienced telbivudine withdrawal, continuous use of telbivudine, switching to entecavir, or switching to tenofovir, respectively. During the first 2 years, eGFR in telbivudine-treated patients significantly improved before withdrawal/switching of antivirals (P = .009). Thereafter, eGFR remained unchanged for >1 year in the withdrawal (P = .100) and continuous use (P = .517) subgroups, but decreased significantly in the switching to entecavir (P = .002) and switching to tenofovir (P < .001) subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that switching to tenofovir and poor liver functional reserve were predictors for eGFR deterioration.

Conclusions

Telbivudine-associated renal function improvement was durable after withdrawal or continuous use of telbivudine. However, renal function deteriorated if patients were switched to entecavir or tenofovir.
Detection of the thermal component in GRB 160107A
Authors: Kawakubo Yuta , Sakamoto Takanori , Nakahira Satoshi , Yamaoka Kazutaka , Serino Motoko , Asaoka Yoichi , Cherry Michael L , Matsukawa Shohei , Mori Masaki , Nakagawa Yujin , Ozawa Shunsuke , Penacchioni Ana V , Ricciarini Sergio B , Tezuka Akira , Torii Shoji , Yamada Yusuke , Yoshida Atsumasa
Published: December 2017

We present the detection of a blackbody component in gamma-ray burst GRB 160107A emission by using the combined spectral data of the CALET Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (CGBM) and the MAXI Gas Slit Camera (GSC). MAXI/GSC detected the emission ∼45 s prior to the main burst episode observed by the CGBM. The MAXI/GSC and the CGBM spectrum of this prior emission period is fitted well by a blackbody with temperature $1.0^{+0.3}_{-0.2}$ keV plus a power law with a photon index of −1.6 ± 0.3. We discuss the radius of the photospheric emission and the main burst emission based on the observational properties. We stress the importance of coordinated observations via various instruments collecting high-quality data over a broad energy coverage in order to understand the GRB prompt emission mechanism.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Diagnosis of Angle-closure Mechanisms in Vietnamese Subjects With Unilateral Angle-closure Glaucoma
Authors: Do Tan , Nguyen Xuan Hiep , Dao Lam Huong , Tran Tien Dat , Nguyen Thi Thuy Giang , Nguyen Do Ngoc Hien , Verma Sushma , Aung Tin
Published: December 2017

Objective:

To identify the mechanisms of angle closure in the fellow eyes of Vietnamese subjects with unilateral primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) before and after prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI).

Design:

This is a prospective observational study.

Participants:

Patients diagnosed with PACG in one eye and primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) in the other eye were included in this study, conducted from January 2014 to October 2014 at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 112 PACS fellow eyes of 112 patients presenting with unilateral PACG were evaluated. All subjects underwent standard ophthalmic clinical examination and UBM imaging a week before and after LPI. On the basis of UBM images, the angle-closure mechanism was defined according to the classification of Svend Vedel Kessing and John Thygesen as pupillary block (PB), plateau iris (PI), and mixed pattern.

Results:

The proportion of PACS subjects who showed PB was 86.6%, while 13.4% showed a PI configuration before LPI. After LPI the pre-LPI PB group was reclassified, with 55.4% showing pure PB, and 31.3% showing mixed mechanisms (PB and PI). The proportion of patients with PI remained unchanged (13.4%) even after LPI. After the LPI, the angle opening significantly increased in the PB subgroup (14.01±2.43 degrees, P<0.01) and reclassified mixed group (6.34±1.71 degrees, P<0.01) but remained almost unchanged in the PI group (1.81±0.98 degrees, P>0.05).

Conclusion:

On the basis of the UBM criteria, PI was found in 13.4% of PACS fellow eyes of Vietnamese subjects with PACG. The clinical and UBM features of patients showing PI before LPI remained almost unchanged after the procedure. The proportion of patients showing PB pre-LPI reduced from 86.6% to 55.4% showing the important role of mixed mechanisms in PACG.
Local Health Departments’ Promotion of Mental Health Care and Reductions in 30-Day All-Cause Readmission Rates in Maryland
Authors: Chen Jie , Novak Priscilla , Barath Deanna , Goldman Howard , Mortensen Karoline
Published: December 2017

Background:

Individuals affected with mental health conditions, including mood disorders and substance abuse, are at an increased risk of hospital readmission.

Objectives:

The objective of this study is to examine whether local health departments’ (LHDs) active roles of promoting mental health are associated with reductions in 30-day all-cause readmission rates, a common quality metric.

Methods:

Using datasets linked from multiple sources, including 2012–2013 State Inpatient Databases for the State of Maryland, the National Association of County and City Health Officials Profiles Survey, the Area Health Resource File, and US Census data, we employed multivariate logistic models to examine whether LHDs’ active provision of mental health preventive care, mental health services, and health promotion were associated with the likelihood of having any 30-day all-cause readmission.

Results:

Multivariate logistic regressions showed that LHDs’ provision of mental health preventive care, mental health services, and health promotion were negatively associated with the likelihoods of having any 30-day readmission for adults 18–64 years old (odds ratios=0.71–0.82, P<0.001), and adults 65 and above (odds ratios=0.61–0.63, P<0.001, preventive care and services, respectively). These estimated associations were more prominent among individuals with mental illness and/or substance use disorders, African Americans, Medicare, and Medicaid enrollees.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that LHDs in Maryland that engage in mental health prevention, promotion, and coordination activities are associated with benefits for residents and for the health care system at large. Additional research is needed to evaluate LHD activities in other states to determine if these results are generalizable.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Fall Risk Screening Tool Implemented in an Electronic Medical Record System
Authors: Yokota Shinichiroh , Tomotaki Ai , Mohri Ohmi , Endo Miyoko , Ohe Kazuhiko
Published: December 2017

We investigated the effect of using a fall risk screening tool in an electronic medical record system by using data for 25 039 patients in 24 general wards of a single institution. The probability of the occurrence of falls decreased after the tool was implemented, but using the tool did not reduce the actual occurrence of falls. This indicates that we must improve not only the assessment of the risk of falls but also the interventions to prevent falls.
A Case of Fatal Cerebral Air Embolism After Blunt Lung Trauma
Authors: Mercurio Isabella , Capano Daniele , Torre Riccardo , Taddei Aldo , Troiano Gianmarco , Scialpi Michele , Gabbrielli Mario
Published: December 2017

Cerebral air embolism is caused by gas bubbles in the vascular system. These bubbles can cause cerebral ischemia by obstructing encephalic blood vessels. It is frequently associated with blunt and penetrating chest trauma as well as iatrogenic interventions. Lung trauma involving laceration of the respiratory tract, lung parenchyma, and blood vessels may result in direct communication of these structures, driving air or gas into the pulmonary venous system. We report a case of a blunt chest trauma that led to massive arterial air embolism that was possible to recognize with the help of postmortem computed tomographic scan examination.