bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Delayed hemorrhage from the tissue of an occluded arteriovenous malformation after stereotactic radiosurgery: report of 3 cases
Authors: Grady Conor , Tanweer Omar , Zagzag David , Jafar Jafar J. , Huang Paul P. , Kondziolka Douglas
Published: June 2016

Stereotactic radiosurgery is widely used to treat cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), with the goal of complete angiographic obliteration. A number of case series have challenged the assumption that absence of residual AVM on follow-up angiograms is consistent with elimination of the risk of hemorrhage. The authors describe 3 cases in which patients who had angiographic evidence of AVM occlusion presented with late hemorrhage in the area of their prior lesions. They compare the radiographic, angiographic, and histological features of these patients with those previously described in the literature.

Delayed hemorrhage from the tissue of occluded AVMs has been reported as early as 4 and as late as 11 years after initial stereotactic radiosurgery. In all cases for which data are available, hemorrhage occurred in the area of persistent imaging findings despite negative findings on conventional angiography. The hemorrhagic lesions that were resected demonstrated a number of distinct histological findings.

While rare, delayed hemorrhage from the tissue of occluded AVMs may occur from a number of distinct, angiographically occult postirradiation changes. The hemorrhages in the authors' 3 cases were symptomatic and localized. The correlation of histological and imaging findings in delayed hemorrhage from occluded AVMs is an area requiring further investigation.
Stereoselective Synthesis of (E)-β-Aryloxyl and Alkyloxyl Acrylates Through DABCO-Catalysed Michael Additions of Phenols and Alcohols to Ethyl 2,3-Butadienoate
Authors: Wei Feng , Haibo Wu , Houjun Qian , Zhengyi Li , Xiaoqiang Sun , Zhiming Wang
Published: June 2016

The development of DABCO-catalysed Michael addition of phenols and alcohols to ethyl 2,3-butadienoate provides an efficient synthetic pathway to ( E)- β-aryloxyl and alkyloxyl acrylates in i-PrOH or under solvent-free conditions. The major advantages of the present method are wide substrate scope, mild reaction conditions, high stereoselectivity, and good reaction yields.
Migration of different LNAPLs in subsurface under groundwater fluctuating conditions by the simplified image analysis method
Authors: Flores Giancarlo , Katsumi Takeshi , Eua-Apiwatch Sitthiphat , Lautua Siatua , Inui Toru
Published: June 2016

The correct understanding of the dynamic behavior of Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (LNAPLs) under fluctuating groundwater conditions, difficult to test with conventional methods, is important for the adequate remediation of contaminated soils. In this study, we verified the suitability of the Simplified Image Analysis Method (SIAM) as a tool to assess the saturation distribution of water and Non-Aqueous Phase Liquids (NAPLs) in granular soils, by testing its basic assumption, the existence of a linear relationship between water saturation ( S w), NAPL saturation ( S o) and optical density ( D i), for nine different NAPLs. We then utilized SIAM to study the dynamic behavior of four different LNAPLs that were infiltrated to 1D columns filled with Toyoura sand, and later subjected to two cycles of drainage-imbibition of the water table. It was found that, under similar conditions, the depth of LNAPL infiltration was linearly correlated to the viscosity of the contaminants ( R2 = 0.84), the difference between the depth of the mobile fraction after both drainage and imbibition stages was linearly correlated to the interfacial tension values ( R2 = 0.79), and the viscosity was logarithmically correlated to the residual saturation ratios for all different NAPLs ( R2 = 0.95), correlations that can help us understand and predict the behavior of different contaminants when spilled in the ground.
Post-construction settlement estimation and increased earthwork volumes calculation of high loess fill
Authors: Zhu Cai-Hui
Published: June 2016

In this study, the post-construction settlement (PCS) area distribution of high fill was analyzed based with reference to a case history of an airport runway crossing a deep gully reclaimed by a thick fill of loess. Earthwork volumes (EV) attributed to PCS was calculated based on in-situ tests. Results showed that the uneven PCS were related to fill depth, construction time, fill rate, integrated compaction degree, and boundary conditions. An empirical equation that considers the aforementioned influence factors was established to calculate the final PCS of high fill. The surface PCS of high fill and the EV can be estimated according to the proposed empirical equation and the original site topography using the three-dimensional finite element method.
Recent Developments in Optofluidic Lens Technology
Authors: Mishra Kartikeya , Van den Ende Dirk , Mugele Frieder
Published: June 2016

Optofluidics is a rapidly growing versatile branch of adaptive optics including a wide variety of applications such as tunable beam shaping tools, mirrors, apertures, and lenses. In this review, we focus on recent developments in optofluidic lenses, which arguably forms the most important part of optofluidics devices. We report first on a number of general characteristics and characterization methods for optofluidics lenses and their optical performance, including aberrations and their description in terms of Zernike polynomials. Subsequently, we discuss examples of actuation methods separately for spherical optofluidic lenses and for more recent tunable aspherical lenses. Advantages and disadvantages of various actuation schemes are presented, focusing in particular on electrowetting-driven lenses and pressure-driven liquid lenses that are covered by elastomeric sheets. We discuss in particular the opportunities for detailed aberration control by using either finely controlled electric fields or specifically designed elastomeric lenses.
Identification of Woodland Vernal Pools with Seasonal Change PALSAR Data for Habitat Conservation
Authors: Bourgeau-Chavez Laura , Lee Yu , Battaglia Michael , Endres Sarah , Laubach Zachary , Scarbrough Kirk
Published: June 2016

Woodland vernal pools are important, small, cryptic, ephemeral wetland ecosystems that are vulnerable to a changing climate and anthropogenic influences. To conserve woodland vernal pools for the state of Michigan USA, vernal pool detection and mapping methods were sought that would be efficient, cost-effective, repeatable and accurate. Satellite-based L-band radar data from the high (10 m) resolution Japanese ALOS PALSAR sensor were evaluated for suitability in vernal pool detection beneath forest canopies. In a two phase study, potential vernal pool (PVP) detection was first assessed with unsupervised PALSAR (LHH) two season change detection (spring when flooded—summer when dry) and validated with 268, 1 ha field-sampled test cells. This resulted in low false negatives (14%–22%), overall map accuracy of 48% to 62% and high commission error (66%). These results make this blind two-season PALSAR approach for cryptic PVP detection of use for locating areas of high vernal pool likelihood. In a second phase of the research, PALSAR was integrated with 10 m USGS DEM derivatives in a machine learning classifier, which greatly improved overall PVP map accuracies (91% to 93%). This supervised approach with PALSAR was found to produce better mapping results than using LiDAR intensity or C-band SAR data in a fusion with the USGS DEM-derivatives.
Vegetation Indices for Mapping Canopy Foliar Nitrogen in a Mixed Temperate Forest
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Wang Tiejun , Darvishzadeh Roshanak , Skidmore Andrew , Jones Simon , Suarez Lola , Woodgate William , Heiden Uta , Heurich Marco , Hearne John
Published: June 2016

Hyperspectral remote sensing serves as an effective tool for estimating foliar nitrogen using a variety of techniques. Vegetation indices (VIs) are a simple means of retrieving foliar nitrogen. Despite their popularity, few studies have been conducted to examine the utility of VIs for mapping canopy foliar nitrogen in a mixed forest context. In this study, we assessed the performance of 32 vegetation indices derived from HySpex airborne hyperspectral images for estimating canopy mass-based foliar nitrogen concentration (%N) in the Bavarian Forest National Park. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) was performed for comparison. These vegetation indices were classified into three categories that are mostly correlated to nitrogen, chlorophyll, and structural properties such as leaf area index (LAI). %N was destructively measured in 26 broadleaf, needle leaf, and mixed stand plots to represent the different species and canopy structure. The canopy foliar %N is defined as the plot-level mean foliar %N of all species weighted by species canopy foliar mass fraction. Our results showed that the variance of canopy foliar %N is mainly explained by functional type and species composition. The normalized difference nitrogen index (NDNI) produced the most accurate estimation of %N (R2CV = 0.79, RMSECV = 0.26). A comparable estimation of %N was obtained by the chlorophyll index Boochs2 (R2CV = 0.76, RMSECV = 0.27). In addition, the mean NIR reflectance (800–850 nm), representing canopy structural properties, also achieved a good accuracy in %N estimation (R2CV = 0.73, RMSECV = 0.30). The PLSR model provided a less accurate estimation of %N (R2CV = 0.69, RMSECV = 0.32). We argue that the good performance of all three categories of vegetation indices in %N estimation can be attributed to the synergy among plant traits (i.e., canopy structure, leaf chemical and optical properties) while these traits may converge across plant species for evolutionary reasons. Our findings demonstrated the feasibility of using hyperspectral vegetation indices to estimate %N in a mixed temperate forest which may relate to the effect of the physical basis of nitrogen absorption features on canopy reflectance, or the biological links between nitrogen, chlorophyll, and canopy structure.
Analysis of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Monsoon Evolution and Its Linkages with Soil Moisture
Authors: Zhou Juan , Wen Jun , Wang Xin , Jia Dongyu , Chen Jinlei
Published: June 2016

The evolution of plateau monsoons is essential to synoptic climatology processes over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Based on ERA-Interim Reanalysis data covering 1979–2014 from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), we propose a new plateau monsoon index (ZPMI) that can effectively reflect the evolution of monsoons and compare this new index with the existing Plateau Monsoon Indices (PMI), i.e., the Traditional Plateau Monsoon Index (TPMI), the Dynamic Plateau Monsoon Index (DPMI), and the PMI proposed by Qi et al. (QPMI). The results show that the onset and retreat of plateau monsoons determined by the TPMI are approximately 1–2 months earlier than those of the ZPMI and DPMI and that the ZPMI can better reflect seasonal and inter-annual variations in precipitation over the plateau. The plateau summer and winter monsoons have similar inter-annual and inter-decadal variation characteristics and show a rising trend, but the increasing trend of the summer monsoon is more significant. The ZPMI is also capable of effectively reflecting meteorological elements. In stronger plateau summer monsoon years, more (less) precipitation and a higher (lower) air temperature appear over the eastern and central (western) plateau. The ZPMI and soil moisture in April and May are used to explore the influence of soil moisture on plateau monsoons, and a significant correlation is found between the plateau soil moisture in the spring (April–May) and plateau summer monsoons. It is found that when the soil moisture over the central and eastern plateau is higher (lower) than normal (while the soil moisture over the western plateau is lower (higher)), the plateau summer monsoon may be stronger (weaker).
Influence and Correction from the Human Body on the Measurement of a Power-Frequency Electric Field Sensor
Authors: Xiao Dongping , Liu Huaitong , Zhou Qiang , Xie Yutong , Ma Qichao
Published: June 2016

According to the operating specifications of existing electric field measuring instruments, measuring technicians must be located far from the instruments to eliminate the influence of the human body occupancy on a spatial electric field. Nevertheless, in order to develop a portable safety protection instrument with an effective electric field warning function for working staff in a high-voltage environment, it is necessary to study the influence of an approaching human body on the measurement of an electric field and to correct the measurement results. A single-shaft electric field measuring instrument called the Type LP-2000, which was developed by our research team, is used as the research object in this study. First, we explain the principle of electric field measurement and describe the capacitance effect produced by the human body. Through a theoretical analysis, we show that the measured electric field value decreases as a human body approaches. Their relationship is linearly proportional. Then, the ratio is identified as a correction coefficient to correct for the influence of human body proximity. The conclusion drawn from the theoretical analysis is proved via simulation. The correction coefficient kb = 1.8010 is obtained on the basis of the linear fitting of simulated data. Finally, a physical experiment is performed. When no human is present, we compare the results from the Type LP-2000 measured with Narda EFA-300 and the simulated value to verify the accuracy of the Type LP-2000. For the case of an approaching human body, the correction coefficient kb* = 1.9094 is obtained by comparing the data measured with the Type LP-2000 to the simulated value. The correction coefficient obtained from the experiment (i.e., kb*) is highly consistent with that obtained from the simulation (i.e., kb). Two experimental programs are set; under these programs, the excitation voltages and distance measuring points are regulated to produce different electric field intensities. Using kb = 1.9094, the corrected measurement of electric field intensity can accurately reflect the original environmental electric field intensity, and the maximal error is less than 6% in all the data comparisons. These results verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Genomic Characterization of the Genus Nairovirus (Family Bunyaviridae)
Authors: Kuhn Jens , Wiley Michael , Rodriguez Sergio , Bào Yīmíng , Prieto Karla , Travassos da Rosa Amelia , Guzman Hilda , Savji Nazir , Ladner Jason , Tesh Robert , Wada Jiro , Jahrling Peter , Bente Dennis , Palacios Gustavo
Published: June 2016

Nairovirus, one of five bunyaviral genera, includes seven species. Genomic sequence information is limited for members of the Dera Ghazi Khan, Hughes, Qalyub, Sakhalin, and Thiafora nairovirus species. We used next-generation sequencing and historical virus-culture samples to determine 14 complete and nine coding-complete nairoviral genome sequences to further characterize these species. Previously unsequenced viruses include Abu Mina, Clo Mor, Great Saltee, Hughes, Raza, Sakhalin, Soldado, and Tillamook viruses. In addition, we present genomic sequence information on additional isolates of previously sequenced Avalon, Dugbe, Sapphire II, and Zirqa viruses. Finally, we identify Tunis virus, previously thought to be a phlebovirus, as an isolate of Abu Hammad virus. Phylogenetic analyses indicate the need for reassignment of Sapphire II virus to Dera Ghazi Khan nairovirus and reassignment of Hazara, Tofla, and Nairobi sheep disease viruses to novel species. We also propose new species for the Kasokero group (Kasokero, Leopards Hill, Yogue viruses), the Ketarah group (Gossas, Issyk-kul, Keterah/soft tick viruses) and the Burana group (Wēnzhōu tick virus, Huángpí tick virus 1, Tǎchéng tick virus 1). Our analyses emphasize the sister relationship of nairoviruses and arenaviruses, and indicate that several nairo-like viruses (Shāyáng spider virus 1, Xīnzhōu spider virus, Sānxiá water strider virus 1, South Bay virus, Wǔhàn millipede virus 2) require establishment of novel genera in a larger nairovirus-arenavirus supergroup.
Inter-Laboratory Evaluation and Successful Implementation of MS2 Coliphage as a Surrogate to Establish Proficiency Using a BSL-3 Procedure
Authors: Mapp Latisha , Chambers Yildiz , Takundwa Prisca , Hill Vincent , Schneeberger Chandra , Knee Jackie , Raynor Malik , Klonicki Patricia , Miller Kenneth , Pope Misty , Hwang Nina
Published: June 2016

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) Water Laboratory Alliance relies on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s ultrafiltration-based Water Processing Procedure (WPP) for concentration of biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) agents from 10 L to 100 L of drinking water. The WPP requires comprehensive training and practice to maintain proficiency, resulting in a critical need for quality control (QC) criteria. The aim of this study was to develop criteria using male-specific (MS2) coliphage (BSL-2 agent) to minimize safety hazards associated with BSL-3 agents and to use the criteria to evaluate analytical proficiency during a demonstration exercise. EPA Method 1602 with EasyPhage was used during the study to develop QC criteria for 100-mL, and 40–100 L samples. The demonstration exercise indicated that the MS2 criteria would allow laboratories to demonstrate proficiency using the WPP with 40–100 L samples. In addition, the QC criteria developed for 100-mL samples has broad applicability at laboratories that are using MS2 for other types of analyses, such as assessment of water treatment devices. The development of MS2 QC criteria allows laboratories to develop and confirm ongoing proficiency using the WPP.
Hedging Rules for Water Supply Reservoir Based on the Model of Simulation and Optimization
Authors: Ji Yi , Lei Xiaohui , Cai Siyu , Wang Xu
Published: June 2016

This study proposes a hedging rule model which is composed of a two-period reservior operation model considering the damage depth and hedging rule parameter optimization model. The former solves hedging rules based on a given poriod’s water supply weighting factor and carryover storage target, while the latter optimization model is used to optimize the weighting factor and carryover storage target based on the hedging rules. The coupling model gives the optimal poriod’s water supply weighting factor and carryover storage target to guide release. The conclusions achieved from this study as follows: (1) the water supply weighting factor and carryover storage target have a direct impact on the three elements of the hedging rule; (2) parameters can guide reservoirs to supply water reasonably after optimization of the simulation and optimization model; and (3) in order to verify the utility of the hedging rule, the Heiquan reservoir is used as a case study and particle swarm optimization algorithm with a simulation model is adopted for optimizing the parameter. The results show that the proposed hedging rule can improve the operation performances of the water supply reservoir.
The Trio Trial – a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Evaluating the Effect of a Biocompatible Peritoneal Dialysis Solution on Residual Renal Function
Authors: Sikaneta Tabo , Wu George , Abdolell Mohamed , Ng Anita , Mahdavi Sara , Svendrovski Anton , Tu Tony , Mercer Trish , Tong Matthew , Oreopoulos Dimitrios , Tam Paul
Published: June 2016

Background and objective

Residual renal function (RRF) correlates with mortality and morbidity rates in patients receiving peritoneal dialysis (PD). We examined the effect of a biocompatible PD solution (Gambrosol Trio; Gambro Lundia AB, Lund, Sweden) with lower concentrations of glucose degradation products on rates of decline in RRF.

Design, setting, participants, and measurements

Incident patients at 2 centers in Canada and 1 in Hong Kong were randomized (by minimization) in an open-label parallel group trial to receive Gambrosol Trio or standard PD solution (Dianeal; Baxter Healthcare, Mississauga, Canada) for 2 years. Primary outcome was slope of RRF. Secondary outcomes were urine volumes, fluid and nutrition indices, PD and membrane characteristics, peritonitis rates, adverse events, and PD technique survival.

Results

Residual renal function declined by 0.132 mL/minute/1.73 m2/month in 51 patients allocated to biocompatible, and 0.174 mL/minute/1.73 m2/month in 50 patients allocated to standard PD solution (difference 0.042 mL/minute/1.73 m2/month, p = 0.001). Urine volume, body mass index, normalized protein catabolic rates, and fat mass were higher; total body water, peritoneal ultrafiltration, and D/P creatinine did not differ; and serum phosphate, rates of icodextrin, and automated cycler use were lower with Gambrosol Trio use. There were more peritonitis events with Gambrosol Trio use, while PD technique survival did not differ between groups.

Conclusions

The use of the biocompatible PD solution Gambrosol Trio was associated with slower rates of decline in RRF, fluid and nutrition benefits, and increased peritonitis rates. Trial Number: ISRCTN26252543
Taxonomic revision of Stigmatomma Roger (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the Malagasy region
Authors: Esteves Flavia , Fisher Brian
Published: June 2016

In this study we present the first taxonomic revision of the ant genus Stigmatomma in the Malagasy biogeographic region, re­describe the previously known S. besucheti Baroni-Urbani, and describe seven new species to science (S. bolabola sp. n., S. irayhady sp. n., S. janovitsika sp. n., S. liebe sp. n., S. roahady sp. n., S. sakalava sp. n., and S. tsyhady sp. n.). The revision is based on the worker caste, but we provide brief descriptions of gynes and males for some species. Species descriptions, diagnosis, character discussion, identiﬁcation key, and glossary are illustrated with 360 high-quality montage and SEM images. The distribution of Stigmatomma species in Madagascar are mapped and discussed within the context of the island’s biomes and ecoregions. We also discuss how some morphometric variables describe the diﬀerences among the species in the bioregion. Open science is supported by providing access to R scripts, raw measurement data, and all specimen data used. All specimens used in this study were given unique identifies, and holotypes were imaged. Specimens and images are made accessible on AntWeb.org.
« La vue d’une arme t’attire aussi sûrement que la rose attire l’abeille... »
Authors: Szac Murielle
Published: June 2016

Même s’ils semblent programmés pour porter les valeurs d’une virilité armée, et si le manque de courage au combat est rejeté du côté féminin, les guerriers d’Homère sont avant tout des héros parce qu’ils pleurent ! C’est l’une des nombreuses surprises que nous réserve la vision du masculin et du féminin dans l’épopée. Petite promenade dans une mythologie grecque moins manichéenne et stéréotypée qu’on l’imagine...Où un homme peut être frappé de cécité pour avoir révélé les secrets du plaisir féminin, après avoir vécu quelques années dans la peau d’une femme; et où une nymphe éconduite décide de s’infiltrer dans le corps de son amant jusqu’à ne plus former qu’un seul être avec lui...
« Sur le bout des doigts... »
Authors: Martagex France
Published: June 2016

La clinique des enfants ou parents confrontés à la surdité est d’autant plus complexe qu’elle ouvre et convoque, avec tous ses paradoxes, les questions d’identité, de transmission, de handicap et de culture. La pauvreté des soins psychiques pour les enfants confrontés à la surdité (deux centres médico-psychologiques spécialisés sur toute la France) nous amène à transmettre la richesse et la spécificité d’une pratique qui prend aussi en compte, avec la surdité, la façon différente d’être au monde. Le soutien à la parentalité que j’accompagne en tant qu’éducatrice au sein de l’Unité thérapeutique enfance et surdité face à des parents sourds ayant un enfant entendant ou un enfant sourd ayant des parents entendants conduit à discerner un mur invisible qui entrave le lien parents-enfant par le biais de la communication. Ce sont quelques instantanés que j’ai voulu transmettre afin d’éclairer la force singulière de ces rencontres au cœur d’une communauté aussi méconnue et qu’invisible.
Three-Year Follow-up of Conservative Treatments of Shoulder Osteoarthritis in Older Patients
Authors: Guo Jiong Jiong , Wu Kailun , Guan Huaqing , Zhang Lei , Ji Cheng , Yang Huilin , Tang Tiansi
Published: June 2016

Little is known about the mid-term results of nonsurgical treatment for shoulder osteoarthritis (OA), especially in a Chinese population. This study sought to determine the efficacy of nonsurgical management in older patients with shoulder OA. A total of 129 conservatively treated unilateral shoulder OA patients who were older than 65 years were evaluated prospectively at the initial office visit and then subsequently at 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months later. During the 36-month follow-up period, all patients could receive conventional therapy, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, corticosteroid injection, sodium hyaluronate, and education, at the discretion of treating physicians. Some patients received physiotherapy, rehabilitation training, and a shoulder strap to improve the range of motion and muscular strength training from a physical therapist. Parameters measured included comparative effectiveness of each therapeutic method, visual analog scale (VAS), Simple Shoulder Test (SST), and Short Form (36) Health Survey (SF-36) scores. At 3-year follow-up, most patients had a significant increase from their pretreatment values in pain, self-assessed shoulder function, mental health, and 5 of 8 SF-36 domains. The study showed a decline in SST and VAS at 6 and 12 months after an initial ascent at 3 months, and then it was rescued and continued at 3-year follow-up. Combined therapy could improve symptoms significantly. This study suggests that a conservative approach may be more appropriate and can produce satisfactory mid-term outcomes in selected cases. The findings of this study suggest that conservative treatments should be extended for longer than 12 months before the decision regarding shoulder arthroplasty is made. [
Orthopedics.
2016; 39(4):e634–e641.]
Bio-cultural anchorage of the prickly pear cactus in Tlalnepantla (Morelos), Mexico
Authors: Torres-Salcido Gerardo , Ramos-Chávez Alejandro , Urreta-Fernández Álvaro
Published: June 2016

The prickly pear cactus is a source of food with strong bio-cultural anchorage in Mexico. This is due to at least three factors: 1) the nature and heritage of cacti; 2) cultural heritage; and 3) the socio-cultural relationships with historical and symbolic roots that have facilitated knowledge of how to cultivate it and how to use it. The aim of this article is to put factors of territorial anchorage and its historical transformation in context by examining the case of the municipality of Tlalnepantla in the state of Morelos, Mexico. This community has experienced accelerated change due to the exchange of traditional crops for the prickly pear cactus and the integration of farming, commercialization and agro-transformation. Our hypothesis is that the market, internal conflicts and a lack of socio-institutional coordination have put social organization into crisis, favoring the territorial spread of the prickly pear cactus and making the Local Agro-Food Systems (LAFS) of Tlalnepantla less competitive. The conclusions highlight important economic and social advances whose roots lie in the strengthening and anchorage of the territory-product. However, circumstances both internal and external to the community persist, such as intra-community conflicts, the international market and cultural paradigm shifts that affect the producers and put consolidation of the LAFS at risk.
Local resources, foreign influences, value creation, tradition and modernity. The case of a Local Agro-food System in Jämtland, Sweden
Authors: Rytkönen Paulina
Published: June 2016

During the 1980’s collective action was initiated with the purpose of saving the remnants of traditional livestock farming in Jämtland. This led to the articulation of a local agro-food system (LAFS) that managed to commercialize important elements of traditional agriculture by adding elements of modernity. Farm diversification was an important strategy that led to the forward integration of farms that includes the start of small scale farm dairies, farm cafes, direct sales, at the farm, through markets and other local channels, B&Bs and outdoor tourism operations. In the mentioned process, foreign knowledge and experience led to the opening of a new market for traditional products. This case shows that the localization and appropriation of foreign elements can be a fruitful strategy to promote territorial development in regions like Jämtland. This article highlights how a LAFS was articulated within the frame of the birth of a new industry, composed by small, semi-artisan dairy firms and which institutional side effects that this experience has led to.
Les Palestiniens et le conflit syrien. Parcours de réfugiés en quête d’asile au Sud-Liban
Authors: Doraï Kamel
Published: June 2016

Depuis 2011, le conflit syrien a donné naissance à l’un des mouvements de réfugiés les plus massifs au Moyen-Orient, depuis la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Comme de nombreux Syriens, les réfugiés palestiniens de Syrie, ont fui les combats et se sont installés dans les pays frontaliers. Ce mouvement a été largement occulté par l’ampleur de la crise syrienne et la masse des 4 millions de réfugiés syriens. À partir de deux séries d’enquêtes réalisées dans les camps et groupements palestiniens autour de la ville de Tyr en 2013 et 2015, cet article a pour objectif de rendre compte de la diversité des expériences migratoires des Palestiniens de Syrie réfugiés au Liban et de montrer comment ils ont pu mobiliser des réseaux de solidarité qui se sont développés grâce aux mobilités transfrontalières et à la structuration de la diaspora palestinienne.
Émigration, colonisation et idéologie libérale en France (1840-1870)
Authors: Charbit Yves
Published: June 2016

Au milieu du XIXe siècle (1840-1870), les théories et les doctrines relatives à l’émigration sont indissociables de la question de la colonisation, en particulier dans les écrits des économistes libre-échangistes français, les meilleurs spécialistes de leur temps. L’article montre que pour analyser l’évolution des idées, il est indispensable de s’attacher au contexte historique et à deux faits majeurs, la conquête de l’Algérie et la rivalité impérialiste avec l’Angleterre. Sur le plan doctrinal, il en est résulté l’abandon du malthusianisme, jusqu’alors dominant, puisque la faible croissance démographique française ne présentait plus comme avant 1848 un danger pour la paix sociale et que le problème était au contraire l’insuffisance prévisible des ressources humaines nécessaires pour peupler l’empire colonial en plein essor.
Le rôle des Communautés autonomes dans le modèle contemporain d’intégration des immigrants en Espagne : variabilité de réalisation
Authors: Spina Encarnación La
Published: June 2016

Suite au Pacte européen sur l’immigration et l’asile de 2008, l’Espagne en tant que pays de destination, à l’instar d’autres pays européens, s’est attachée à élaborer son propre modèle d’intégration. Bien qu’il n’existe pas de contrat d’intégration obligatoire, la loi de 2009 relative à l’immigration et son décret d’application, adopté en 2011, ont conduit à la mise en place d’un système basé sur l’élaboration de rapports par les Communautés autonomes visant à mesurer « l’effort d’intégration » des immigrants. La portée de cet instrument administratif hétérogène peut être déterminante pour définir le degré d’intégration lors du renouvellement d’un titre de séjour et lors des demandes de regroupement familial, comme le démontrent les observations de terrain.
Conflits, filtres et stratégies d’évitement : la représentation du 11 septembre et de ses conséquences dans deux séries d’Aaron Sorkin, The West Wing (NBC, 1999-2006) et The Newsroom (HBO, 2012-2014)
Authors: Loubet-Poëtte Vanessa
Published: June 2016

Amplement traités par les médias de l’information, les événements du 11 septembre et leur possible « conclusion » par la mort d’Oussama Ben Laden ont gravé dans l’imaginaire des téléspectateurs du monde entier des images indélébiles. Comment les séries télévisées représentent-elles ces épisodes traumatiques de notre (et de leur) Histoire contemporaine ? L’exemple précis de deux épisodes extraits de créations d’Aaron Sorkin (« Isaac and Ishmael », issu de The West Wing et diffusé le 3 octobre 2001 sur NBC, et « 5/1 », issu de The Newsroom et diffusé le 5 août 2012 sur HBO) met en lumière la manière dont le drama a recours à de multiples filtres pour offrir au téléspectateur une lecture intelligente de la guerre invisible contre le terrorisme, qui ne tombe ni dans le sensationnel ni dans le mélodrame. La forte dimension théâtrale de ces séries veille à considérer les dialogues comme des conflits métaphoriques et à trouver dans leur expression une fonction didactique et cathartique. À la manipulation des images à laquelle se prêtent parfois les médias et constamment les terroristes, Sorkin répond par la virtuosité du langage. À défaut de pouvoir (et de vouloir) représenter une guerre et ses conséquences, ces séries exposent le spectacle d’hommes et de femmes sur le front politique et médiatique, conformément à la manière dont sont gérés les conflits modernes.
Homeland : l’ennemi, la menace et la guerre contre la terreur
Authors: Blistène Pauline , Chopin Olivier
Published: June 2016

Cet article se propose de questionner le rapport entre réalité politique et représentations fictionnelles de la Guerre contre la Terreur déclarée par l’administration Bush au lendemain des attaques terroristes du 11 septembre 2001 à partir de la première saison de la série télévisée Homeland (Showtime, 2011-). Une analyse des personnages clefs nous permet tout d’abord de questionner la figure de l’ennemi et la représentation de la menace dans l’espace démocratique américain. C’est sur cette base que nous étudions ensuite le rapport entre représentation fictionnelle et réalité politique de la Guerre contre la Terreur. Apparaît alors une dimension sous-jacente de la série : plus qu’une description de cette guerre, la première saison de Homeland peut être lue comme une représentation esthétique de la crise de la démocratie américaine confrontée à la Guerre contre la Terreur. Touchés pour la première fois au cœur de leur espace politique, les Américains sont contraints d’accepter ce que leur culture politique avait jusqu’ici minimisé : la sécurité nationale au risque d’une limitation de la liberté individuelle, une politique qui reçut le nom de Homeland Security.
Testing and design of a passive container for the optimisation of highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) cold chain
Authors: Beghi Roberto , Marai Simone V. , Giovenzana Valentina , Ferrari Enrico , Guidetti Riccardo
Published: June 2016

The aim of this work is to test a passive cooling system (PCS) on highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) to verify cooling performances soon after harvest. Based on experimental results the cooling trend was modelled and a dedicated system was designed for the optimisation of blueberries cold chain. The evolution of qualitative characteristics of stored fruits was evaluated analysing the percentage of damaged berries, the weight loss, the texture, the titratable acidity and the total soluble solids content. The analysis of temperature profiles during transport using PCS shows how this device is not fast enough in tearing down the blueberries field heat. A computer simulation, using finite elements method modelling, considering the thermo-physical properties of materials used and the boundary conditions arising from experimental data collected was carried out. Computer modelling has provided the characteristics of geometry, thickness, type and density of the material to obtain the desired cooling performance.
Promoting a functional macroinvertebrate approach in the biomonitoring of Italian lotic systems
Authors: Merritt Richard W. , Fenoglio Stefano , Cummins Kenneth W.
Published: June 2016

Over fifty years of research on freshwater macroinvertebrates has been driven largely by the state of the taxonomy of these organisms. Significant advances have been and continue to be made in developing ever more refined keys to macroinvertebrate groups. When advances in macroinvertebrate ecological research are restricted by the level of detail in identifications, then analysis by function is a viable alternative. The focus on function, namely adaptations of macroinvertebrates to habitats and the utilization of food resources, has facilitated ecological evaluation of freshwater ecosystems. This classification is based not on what insects eat, but how they obtain their food. These categories are called 'functional feeding groups', as the name implies, denoting their functional role when describing how and where they feed. This is the basis for the functional feeding group (FFG) method that was initially developed in the early 1960s. Taxonomy is applied only to the level of detail that allows assignment to one of five functional feeding group categories: detrital shredders, scrapers, filtering collectors, gatherers, and predators. The aim of this short communication, originating from the presentation of R.W. Merritt at the Biomonitoring Symposium in Rome, 2015, is to promote the use of a functional approach in biomonitoring, especially in Italian and European lotic systems. Here, we present two case studies and we discuss the advantages of the method, especially considering the great availability of quantitative data on macroinvertebrates after the implementation of the WFD 2000/60. We are confident that the increase of functional assessment of ecosystem attributes could have important and direct repercussions in the understanding and management of running waters.
Pharmaceutical compounds in drinking water
Authors: Chander Vikas , Sharma Bhavtosh , Negi Vipul , Aswal Ravinder Singh , Singh Prashant , Singh Rakesh , Dobhal Rajendra
Published: June 2016

Pharmaceutical products and their wastes play a major role in the degradation of environment. These drugs have positive as well as negative consequences on different environmental components including biota in different ways. Many types of pharmaceutical substances have been detected with significant concentrations through various advanced instrumental techniques in surface water, subsurface water, ground water, domestic waste water, municipal waste water and industrial effluents. The central as well as state governments in India are providing supports by creating excise duty free zones to promote the pharmaceutical manufacturers for their production. As a result, pharmaceutical companies are producing different types of pharmaceutical products at large scale and also producing complex non-biodegradable toxic wastes byproducts and releasing untreated or partially treated wastes in the environment in absence of strong regulations. These waste pollutants are contaminating all types of drinking water sources. The present paper focuses on water quality pollution by pharmaceutical pollutants, their occurrences, nature, metabolites and their fate in the environment.
Are all customers really the same? Comparing service quality and satisfaction between residential and business telecommunications customers
Authors: Makanyeza Charles , Mumiriki Darlington
Published: June 2016

Orientation: The study focused on the moderating role of the type of customer on the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction.Research purpose: The study sought to examine differences in the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction because of the type of customer.Motivation for the study: Previous studies have not examined the relationship between service quality and customer satisfaction between residential and business customers.Research design, approach and method: The study used a cross-section of 203 customers (108 residential and 95 business) in the fixed-line telecommunications sector in Zimbabwe. Moderated regression analysis was performed to test the research hypotheses.Main findings: It was established that the customer category (residential versus business) does not moderate the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction. Practical/managerial implications are, generally, that it is not necessary to segment customers by customer category (residential versus business) when managing service quality to achieve customer satisfaction.Contribution/value add: The main theoretical contribution of the study is the comparison of the effect of service quality on customer satisfaction between residential and business customers.
Stretching between learning and accountability: Experiences of South African non-governmental organisations
Authors: Kachur Dzvinka , Soal Sue , Van Blerk Rubert
Published: June 2016

This article contributes to knowledge around organisational learning in relation to Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) processes of non-governmental organisations (NGOs).While learning and accountability are two fundamental purposes of M&E, in practice NGOs often perceive donor accountability as the only function of their organisation’s M&E system. Learning through meaningful monitoring of actions is a necessary process to satisfy effective functioning of organisations working on social change.The article is based on action research, which included qualitative methods such as case studies, focus group interview(s), semi-structured interviews and questionnaires with participating organisations from an 18-month Monitoring and Evaluation Capacity Development Programme of the Community Development Resource Association, which involved nine South African NGOs. Organisations benefited from the programme through peer learning, consulting and research linked to the programme.The research revealed that NGOs have a perception of M&E as an accountability procedure that has been imposed on them by donor communities and are resistant to it as well as to rigid data collection.Organisations require specific capacities to realise their power and to be able to negotiate more developmental approaches to M&E within their organisations and with donors. The model is suggested that fosters learning in M&E systems and includes two interlinked processes: self-awareness (a sense of core organisational values and intuitive ability) and awareness about the outside world and the effects of organisations’ work.The model for M&E systems can be explored further and help those organisations who are working towards better balance between learning and accountability.
A style study of the Apostle Paul’s communication with Festus and Agrippa: The use of literary Koine Greek in Acts 25:14–22; 26:1–29
Authors: Spencer Aida B.
Published: June 2016

This article defines style, stylistics and literary koine Greek and analyses the literary koine Greek employed in Luke’s recording of the Apostle Paul’s court case at Caesarea in Acts 25:14– 22; 26:1–29. The principles and methodology in stylistics are explained and an overview of some of the style studies in the last 30 years is made. Paul demonstrates a literary style of Greek when speaking with Festus and Agrippa. Stylistics defines ‘style’ as the choices an author makes (whether conscious or subconscious) amongst linguistic possibilities (usually but not always a choice amongst grammatical possibilities). In grammatical studies, rhetoric is the manner of writing. Style study helps to observe the author’s emphasis, analogies and message, and helps with the appreciation of communication.Keywords: style, stylistics, rhetorical criticism, literary criticism, figures of speech, imagery, genre, metaphor, literary koine, optative mood, Apostle Paul, Luke, Marcus Julius Agrippa II, Julia Berenice, Porcius Festus, Theophilus, Longinus, aesthetic effects
Non-communicable disease risk factors and treatment preference of obese patients in Cape Town
Authors: Manning Kathryn , Senekal Marjanne , Harbron Janetta
Published: June 2016

Background: Insights into the characteristics of treatment seekers for lifestyle changes and treatment preferences are necessary for intervention planning.Aim: To compile a profile of treatment-seeking obese patients with non-communicable diseases (NCDs) or NCD risk factors and to compare patients who choose group-based (facility-based therapeutic group [FBTG]) versus usual care (individual consultations) treatment.Setting: A primary healthcare facility in Cape Town, South Africa.Methods: One hundred and ninety-three patients were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Ninety six chose FBTG while 97 chose usual care. A questionnaire, the hospital database and patients’ folders were used to collect data. Weight, height and waist circumference were measured. STATA 11.0 was used for descriptive statistics and to compare the two groups.Results: The subjects’ mean age was 50.4 years, 78% were women and of low education levels and income, and 41.5% had type 2 diabetes, 83.4% hypertension and 69.5% high cholesterol. Mean (s.d.) HbA1c was 9.1 (2.0)%, systolic BP 145.6 (21.0) mmHg, diastolic BP 84.5 (12.0) mmHg, cholesterol 5.4 (1.2) mmol/L), body mass indicator (BMI) 39.3 (7.3) kg/m2 and waist circumference 117 (12.6) cm). These figures were undesirable although pharmacological treatment for diabetes and hypertension was in place. Only 14% were physically active, while TV viewing was > 2h/day. Mean daily intake of fruit and vegetables (2.2 portions/day) was low while added sugar (5 teaspoons) and sugar-sweetened beverages (1.3 glasses) were high. Usual care patients had a higher smoking prevalence, HbA1c, number of NCD risk factors and refined carbohydrate intake, and a lower fruit and vegetable intake.Conclusion: Treatment seekers were typically middle-aged, low income women with various modifiable and intermediate risk factors for NCDs. Patients choosing usual care could have more NCD risks.Keywords: Non-communicable diseases; primary health care; family medicine; obesity; diabetes; treatment preference; dietary intake; NCD risk factors; group-based treatment; stages of change
Perceptions and experiences of allopathic health practitioners on collaboration with traditional health practitioners in post-apartheid South Africa
Authors: Nemutandani Simon M. , Hendricks Stephen J. , Mulaudzi Mavis F.
Published: June 2016

Background: The indigenous health system was perceived to be a threat to the allopathic health system. It was associated with ‘witchcraft’, and actively discouraged, and repressed through prohibition laws. The introduction of the Traditional Health Practitioners Act No 22 of 2007 brought hope that those centuries of disrespect for traditional health systems would change. The study examined the perceptions and experiences of allopathic health practitioners on collaboration with traditional health practitioners in post-apartheid South Africa.Methods: Qualitative descriptive research methodology was used to collect data from allopathic health practitioners employed by Limpopo’s Department of Health. In-depth focus group discussions and meetings were conducted between January and August 2014. Perceptions and experiences of working with traditional health practitioners were explored. Ethical clearance was obtained from the University of Pretoria and approval from the Department’s Research Committee.Results: Dominant views were that the two health systems were not compatible with respect to the science involved and the source of knowledge. Overall, quality of health care will be compromised if traditional health practitioners are allowed to work in public health facilities.Conclusion: Allopathic health practitioners do not appear ready to work with traditional health practitioners, citing challenges of quality of health care, differences regarding concept of sciences and source of knowledge; and lack of policy on collaboration. Lack of exposure to traditional medicine seems to impede opportunities to accept and work with traditional healers. Exposure and training at undergraduate level regarding the traditional health system is recommended. Policy guidelines on collaborations are urgently required.