bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Factors Leading to Gradual Weakening of Paper Currency Usage in India
Authors: Balaji Rajani , P Karthik
Published: May 2021

Globally we are witnessing a rapid proliferation in new electronic forms of payment owing to rapid developments in digitalization and data processing. The movement towards a cashless society that started very slowly through cheques, debit and credit card, followed by numerous steps adopted by banks introducing netbanking facilities with NEFT, IMPS, RTGS today the evolution is accelerated with the advent of robust payment mechanisms such as mobile-based bank apps and other payment applications and mobile wallets. With these newer payment modes becoming more accessible, convenient, and cost-efficient, there is widespread adoption of cashless means in developing and emerging economies. The Indian government’s demonetization initiative made 86% of cash in circulation declared as illegal tender overnight on November 8, 2016.The much recent global pandemic of 2020 filled the public with fear of bacterial, fungal, and parasitic contamination of currency notes. These factors have further lead to the decline in the usages of paper currency. This paper explores some of the issues associated with the waning of paper currency usage in India.
Waste Management in India
Authors: S Sahana
Published: May 2021

This article tries to provide an perception into strong waste administration in India. Solid waste administration is turning into the contemporary turmoil in bringing environmental balance with growing population. In India, waste remedy is additionally turning into challenging. This article additionally discusses stable waste is generated in city areas, is important motives for waste management. The waste administration and dealing with regulations in India had been delivered by means of the ministry of surroundings and forest. The populace of India used to be 1252 million in 2013, in contrast with 1028 million in 2001, populace boom is a essential disadvantage in municipal strong waste management. This paper talks about ISWM and strong waste administration rule 2016.
Social And Religious Conditions: A Historical Study of Kadambas
Authors: T S Santhosh Kumar
Published: May 2021

The people of Karnataka were mainly Hindus. It was a traditional society organized into castes.
Optimasi Jumlah Produksi dan Biaya Distribusi UMKM Semprong Amoundy Menggunakan Metode Simpleks dan Algoritma Greedy
Authors: Nofatiyassari Resa , Sari Rianita Puspa
Published: May 2021

Production optimization must be considered in order to get the optimal amount of production, which is related to company profit. In addition, the distribution route that is not optimal will also cause production costs to expand. These two things are the main problems faced by Semprong Amoundy MSMEs that have not paid attention to optimization of production and optimization of distribution routes. The purpose of this research is to find the optimal solution of the number and type of semprong production to maximize the income of Amoundy MSMEs, and to find a solution for the shortest distribution route to minimize distribution costs of semprong products. The method used to solve this problem is Simplex Method and Travelling Salesman Problem with the Greedy Algorithm approach. The research resulted the decision that Amoundy MSMEs had to produce 18 boxes of large packaged semprong every day to generate maximum income. The distribution route that must be taken to minimize distribution costs is Amoundy House Production – Bontot Delajaya Shop – Erik Shop – Denpasar Shop – Aneka Shop – Oleh-oleh Karawang Outlet – Amoundy House Production, estimated distribution cost of Rp. 20.120,-.Optimasi produksi perlu diperhatikan agar didapatkan jumlah produksi yang optimal, yang mana hal ini akan berhubungan dengan profit perusahaan. Selain itu rute distribusi yang belum optimal juga akan menyebabkan pembengkakan biaya produksi. Kedua hal ini merupakan masalah utama yang dihadapi oleh UMKM Semprong Amoundy yang belum memperhatikan optimasi produksi dan optimasi rute distribusi. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk mencari solusi optimal dari jumlah dan jenis produksi semprong untuk memaksimalkan pendapatan UMKM Amoundy, serta mencari solusi rute distribusi terpendek untuk meminimalkan biaya pendistribusian produk semprong. Metode yang digunakan untuk adalah Metode simpleks dan  Travelling Salesman Problem dengan pendekatan algoritma greedy. Penelitian menghasilkan keputusan bahwa UMKM Amoundy harus memproduksi 18 box kue semprong kemasan besar setiap hari untuk menghasilkan pendapatan maksimal. Rute distribusi yang harus ditempuh untuk meminimalkan biaya distribusi yaitu Rumah Produksi Amoundy – Toko Bontot Delajaya – Toko Erik – Toko Denpasar – Toko Aneka – Outlet Oleh-oleh Karawang – Rumah Produksi Amoundy dengan taksiran biaya distribusi sebesar Rp. 20.120,-.
Strategi Mitigasi Risiko Produktivitas Pada Proses Assembly Hospital Equipment
Authors: Hendradewa Andrie Pasca , Ma'arij Adienta Mustika
Published: May 2021

The rapid development of technology and industrialization demands an increasing need for strategic planning. One of the strategies needed for a company to remain competitive in the industrialized world is to increase productivity. However, practically several companies still experience difficulties in making efforts to increase productivity so that the productivity achieved is not optimal. The same thing happened at PT. Mega Andalan Kalasan, especially on the Assembly Unit of the Hospital Equipment. Where the productivity achieved cannot be categorized as optimal because it can be seen from the number of non-value added activities that occur in assembly process. Among the products produced, it is known that the Operating Table Manual product has the highest percentage of non-value added activity, which is 30% of the total cycle time. This study aims to identify risks using the Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) method and design a mitigation strategy as an initial effort to improve productivity by minimizing non-value added activities. The identification results show that there are 22 risks with moderate severity but high occurrence. Recommendations in the form of implementing better quality control on incoming materials are one of the strategies which capable of mitigating 40% of the risk of existing non value added activities. Adanya perkembangan teknologi dan industrialisasi yang semakin pesat menuntut kebutuhan akan perencanaan strategi semakin meningkat. Salah satu strategi yang dibutuhkan agar sebuah perusahaan dapat tetap bersaing di dunia perindustrian adalah dengan meningkatkan produktivitas. Namun pada penerapannya, beberapa perusahaan masih mengalami kesulitan dalam melakukan upaya peningkatan produktivitas sehingga produktivitas yang dicapai belum optimal. Hal yang serupa terjadi di PT. Mega Andalan Kalasan, khususnya pada lantai kerja Assembly unit Hospital Equipment. Dimana produktivitas yang dicapai belum bisa dikatakan optimal karena terlihat dari banyaknya non value added activity yang terjadi pada proses assembly. Diantara sejumlah produk yang dihasilkan, diketahui bahwa pengerjaan produk Operating Table Manual memiliki persentase non value added activity yang tertinggi yaitu sebanyak 30% dari total waktu siklusnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi risiko dengan menggunakan metode Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) dan merancang strategi mitigasi sebagai upaya awal untuk memperbaiki produktivitas dengan meminimalisir aktivitas non value added. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan terdapat 22 risiko dengan tingkat severity sedang namun memiliki occurence yang tinggi. Rekomendasi berupa penerapan quality control yang lebih baik terhadap incoming material menjadi salah satu strategi yang mampu memitigasi 40% risiko aktivitas non value added yang ada.
Analisis Karakteristik Wilayah Transmisi Covid-19 dengan Menggunakan Metode K-Means Clustering
Authors: Utari Dina Tri
Published: May 2021

Since the beginning of 2020, Indonesia has become one of the countries affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Various efforts have been made by the government to prevent wider disease transmission. Large-scale social restrictions are one of the efforts that have been made by the Government. Bali Province is one of the areas where there are quite a lot of community activities, considering that Bali is a tourist destination that is in great demand by local and foreign tourists. This study aims to see the incidence of positive cases of Covid-19 based on the type of Covid-19 transmission that has occurred in all areas of Bali, so that the mitigation design can be adjusted based on the characteristics of the source of infection in various existing areas. The results show that based on the transmission source, it can be grouped into four clusters that have their respective characteristics. The proposed mitigation strategies include restrictions on local transmission and domestic travel for areas in clusters 1, 2, and 3. Meanwhile, restrictions on local transmission and overseas travel are in the 4th cluster. Sejak awal tahun 2020, Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara terkena pandemi Covid-19. Berbagai upaya telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah untuk mencegah transmisi penyakit yang lebih luas. Pembatasan sosial berskala besar menjadi salah satu upaya yang telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah. Provinsi Bali merupakan salah satu wilayah yang cukup banyak terjadi aktivitas masyarakat, mengingat Bali merupakan kawasan destinasi wisata yang banyak diminati wisatawan lokal maupun mancanegara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kejadian kasus positif Covid-19 berdasarkan jenis transmisi Covid-19 yang terjadi di seluruh wilayah Bali, sehingga rancangan mitigasi dapat disesuaikan berdasarkan karakteristik sumber infeksi di berbagai wilayah yang ada. Hasil menunjukkan, bahwa berdasarkan sumber transmisi dapat dikelompokkan menjadi empat cluster yang memiliki karakteristik masing-masing. Usulan strategi mitigasi yang diberikan antara lain pembatasan transmisi lokal dan perjalanan dalam negeri untuk wilayah yang berada pada cluster 1, 2, dan 3. Sedangkan pembatasan transmisi lokal serta perjalanan luar negeri pada cluster ke-4.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN LOTION EKSTRAK ETANOL BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA (Coffea cenephora)
Authors: Wati Erda , Cahya Uci Dwi , Darmirani Yosi
Published: May 2021

Bean robusta coffee contains polyphenol compounds which are useful as antioxidants. Antioxidants can inactivate the development of oxidation reactions, by preventing the formation of free radicals. Robusta coffee bean plant (Coffea canephora) is an ingredient that can be formulated into lotion preparations. Cosmetic lotion aims to remove dead skin cells, brighten the skin and soften the skin. This research is to make lotion preparations from robusta coffee bean extract (Coffea Canephora) . This research uses pure experiment. Robusta coffee beans are extracted by maceration process. The lotion formulation is made with variations of robusta coffee bean powder (Coffea Canephora) with a concentration of 2%, 3%, and 4%. The characteristic test includes organoleptic test, homogeneity test, Ph test, and irritation test. The purpose of this study was to determine the lotion formulation for robusta coffee bean extract (Coffea Canephora). The results of the lotion test had a homogeneous concentration of 2%, 3% and 4%, light brown to blackish brown, with a distinctive smell of coffee. The ph lotion test had a PH of 5 in all formulations on the blank had a PH of 6. The irritation test on the lotion preparation showed no erythema and edema in 5 volunteers. From all the tests carried out, the lotion formulation has good characteristics.
DRP EVALUASI DRUNG RELATED PROBLEMS (DRPs) ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN PNEUMONIA RAWAT INAP ANAK RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH DELI SERDANG
Authors: Monica Cindy , S Aminah. , Dalilla Siti
Published: May 2021

Background: Infection is one of the top ten diseases in Indonesia, so that antibiotic therapy is quite high. The increasing use of antibiotics may lead to an increase in the use of irrational antibiotics. Drug Related Problems (DRPs) are events that are not expected from the patient's experience or are suspected to be due to drug therapy so that they have the potential to interfere with the desired healing success.

Objective: This study aims to determine the number of occurrences of DRPs which include dosage inaccuracy, namely under and over dose, indication without drug, drug without indication, potential interactions and inaccuracy of drug selection in inpatient pneumonia treatment for children at the Deli Serdang Regional public hospital. In 2019

Method: This study is retrospective in which data is obtained through secondary data in the form of patient medical records for the period January-December 2019 with a cross-sectional study design. The data collection technique was in the form of total sampling, obtained 50 samples that fit the inclusion criteria.

Results: Drung Related Problems (DRPs) research that occurred in the under-dose category of drugs (4.0%), and excessive drug doses (2.0%) and no DRPs (94.0%). This shows that the role of pharmacists is important in monitoring patient drug therapy to minimize the occurrence of DRPs.
EFEKTIVITAS KERASIONALAN PEMBERIAN ANTIDIABETIK PENGOBATAN ORAL PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS PADA USIA 30-50 TAHUN TIPE 2 DI RAWAT INAP PENYAKIT DALAM RSUD DELI SERDANG LUBUK PAKAM TAHUN 2020
Authors: Sebayang Loraetta Brety , Anna Teresia Marbun Romauli , Kartika Dewi
Published: May 2021

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic condition, which occurs because the body cannot produce insulin, normally or insulin cannot work effectively. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of the rational administration of antidiabetic, oral treatment of diabetes mellitus patients at the age of 30-50 years type 2 in Deli Serdang Hospital, lubuk pakam in 2020. Method: This study is a non-experimental type of research using descriptive methods. Results: Shows that from 72 samples of Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients at Deli Serdang General Hospital, April-July Period 2020. With the number (52.8%) of male sex patients and the number (47.2%) of type patients  female genitalia and antidiabetic drugs most widely used by patients, in the period of April-July 2020, namely (20.8%) glycionion + metformin and (20.8%) insulin drugs.  the use of DM drugs with the right rational indication (65.3%), Rational with the right medicine (100%), rational with the right dosage (100%), the right rational patient (100%) and the rational way of administration (100:%). Conclusion: Evaluation of drug use is a structured quality assurance process that is carried out continuously to ensure that the drugs used are appropriate, safe, and efficient.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BUAH NAGA TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER III DI KLINIK BIDAN SRI WAHYUNI KECAMATAN UJUNG PADANG KABUPATEN SIMALUNGUN TAHUN 2020
Authors: Ginting Desideria Yosepha , Tarigan Layari , Endriyana Susi
Published: May 2021

ABSTRACT

Anaemia or often referred to as lack of blood is a condition in which the number of red blood cells decreases and results in insufficient oxygen-carrying capacity to meet the body's physiological needs. Problems that arise include an increase in heart rate due to the body trying to provide more oxygen to the tissues, an increase in respiratory rate as the body tries to provide more oxygen to the blood, dizziness due to lack of blood to the brain, feeling tired due to increased oxygenation of various organs including the heart muscle. and skeletal, pale skin due to reduced oxygenation, nausea due to decreased gastrointestinal blood flow and central nervous system, decreased hair and skin quality. Overcoming complaints of anaemia non-pharmacological can be done with dragon fruit. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of dragon fruit in dealing with complaints of anaemia in the Sri Wahyuni ​​clinic, Ujung Padang sub-district, Simalungun district in 2020. This study used a quantitative method, with a quasi-experimental design with a control time-series design. The population of this study were pregnant women who experienced symptoms of anaemia at the Sri Wahyuni ​​Clinic, Ujung Padang District, Simalungun Regency. The sample selection using purposive sampling of 14 people, 7 people were given intervention and 7 people as controls. The results of the study using the Wilcoxon sign rank test showed that the results for the group given pre and post-intervention p-value 0.026 <0.05. The results of the study using the Wilcoxon sign rank test showed that the control p-value was 0.000 <0.05. The conclusion is that there are differences in the two groups after being given dragon fruit in overcoming complaints of anaemia.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN GERAKAN RELAKSASI TERHADAP PENURUNAN KELUHAN NYERI PUNGGUNG BAWAH PADA PEKERJA PENENUN ULOS DI GALERY ULOS SIANIPAR MEDAN TAHUN 2020
Authors: Widyaningsih Fadlilah , Isnani Parinduri Anggi , . Irmayani , Hanrika Simarmata Santi Jeni
Published: May 2021

Static positions during work such as sitting for too long can cause exercise loads, stretching muscles, ligament of the spine causing a feeling of comfort in the lower back. One of the non-pharmacological pain management used in pain reduction is by doing relaxation movements. This research wasa quantitative study with a quasi-experimental approach to giving relaxation be used one group pretest posttest. Population of the research is 65 workers with 32 workers as the sample (using purposive sampling technique). The instrument used was numerical rating scale. Data analysis was performed by using univariate and bivariate (using wilcoxon test with α = 0,05).The result of this study showed that the p-value is 0,0001. It was indicate that the value of p < 0,05. It could be concluded that the relaxation was that there is an effect of providing relaxation movements to decrease complaints of low back pain in ulos weaver workers in the gallery ulos sianipar medan. A suggestion to the workers is they should do a relaxation when before and after working and using ergonomic position.
PENGARUH PROMOSI KESELAMATAN DAN KESEHATAN KERJA (K3) TERHADAP PENGGUNAAN ALAT PELINDUNG DIRI DAN PERILAKUTIDAK AMAN DI PT.CINTA RAJA SERDANG BEDAGAI
Authors: Ginting Luci Riani Br , Br Panjaitan Delita , . Febriyanta
Published: May 2021

The use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) many factors that cause workers are not compliant to use PPE, even though the company has provided PPE and implementing regulations that require workers to use PPE. Companies must also create workforce compliance to use PPE. The most basic stage to foster workforce awareness so that compliance with PPE is by establishing a safety culture using PPE. This type of research is experimental. The study design was a quasy experiment with a time series design approach. The study design was a pre-experimental (One group pre and post test design) that is a study that used a group of subjects, measurements were carried out before and after treatment. This study uses a non-probability sampling method, which is a sampling method where only certain individuals or objects in a population are selected as samples. The sampling technique in this study is total sampling, which is a sampling technique where the number of samples is equal to the population. Based on the results of statistical tests using paired sample t-test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05) obtained p value = 0,000 ≤ 0.05, meaning that there is an effect of K3 promotion on the use of personal protective equipment at PT. Cinta Raja in 2020. It is hoped that PT. Cinta Raja should pay attention to its employees in using personal protective equipment to minimize work accidents.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN PENYAKIT DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2 PADA PASIEN DI RUMAH SAKIT GRANDMED LUBUK PAKAM
Authors: Irwanto Reno , Febriana Siregar Annisa , Ate Ginting Keleng , Ndruru Feberlian
Published: May 2021

Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is a type of DM which is caused by the inability of the body to process glucose into the body which eventually causes an increase in glucose in the blood. Type 2 diabetes occurs because the amount of the hormone insulin is insufficient for glucose metabolism or decreased body sensitivity to the amount of blood glucose. There are many things that cause type 2 diabetes, including poor diet, lack of physical activity, obesity, heredity, increasing age and a history of type 3 diabetes (gestational). This study was conducted on 50 respondents at the Grandmed Lubuk Pakam hospital with a cross sectional study design and the respondents were selected by purposive sampling technique. The relationship factors seen in this study were age, gender, level of education, occupation, level of education, level of physical activity, smoking, obesity and diet. The results of the research obtained through the questionnaire were tested with the chi-square formula (X2) at the 5% real level. The results showed the distribution of respondents' occupation with 28% of respondents working as civil servants, 22% were retirees and 18% were private workers. The distribution of the respondents' physical activity consists of 3 levels, namely high, medium and low with percentage values ​​of 26%, 22%, and 52%, respectively. The distribution of the respondents' weight group was found that 18% of the respondents were underweight, 46% were normal, and 36% were obese. The test results showed the distribution of the respondent's diet in 2 groups, namely healthy and unhealthy with the percentage of the unhealthy group 66% and 34% healthy. and the distribution of respondents' smoking levels consisted of heavy, moderate, mild and non-smoking with percentage values ​​of 26%, 22%, 12%, and 40%, respectively.
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK RESPONDEN DAN DUKUNGAN KELUARGA DENGAN KEPATUHAN TERHADAP PROTOKOL KESEHATAN PENCEGAHAN COVID-19 DI KECAMATAN DATUK LIMA PULUH KABUPATEN BATU BARA
Authors: Satria Beni , Kasim Felix , Sitepu Kuat , Rambey Harris , Simarmata Marice , Melda Br Bangun Sri , Rionald Sihite Henri Gudmen
Published: May 2021

COVID-19iisianiinfectiousidiseaseicaused by SARS-CoV-2, cases are increasing and spreading rapidly throughout Indonesia. Batu Bara Regency is one of the districts that has experienced an increase in confirmed cases of COVID-19. The success ofitheiCOVID-19ihealth protocol is largely determined by the compliance of the community in carrying out the 3M movement, namely using masks, washing hands with soap, and maintaining physical distance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between respondent characteristics and family support with compliance with the COVID-19 prevention health protocol in Datuk Lima Puluh District, Batu Bara Regency. This study was an observational analytic study with a cross sectional design. The population in this study were all people in Datuk Lima Puluh Subdistrict, Batu Bara Regency, amounting to 23,717 people and a total sample of 393 people. Data collection was carried out by interview guided by a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed by univariate and bivariate with the chi-square test. The results of the chi-square test show that there is a relationship between education and family support and adherence to the COVID-19 preventive health protocol. It is hoped that the health office and puskesmas can improve health socialization related to the prevention of COVID-19 so that people can comply with health protocols.
Mujeres, macroeconomía y ciclo económico
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Girón Alicia , Maya José Luis ,   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo aborda la relación entre mujeres y macroeconomía a lo largo del ciclo económico. Los patrones ejercidos por las mujeres al interior de las familias han sufrido una metamorfosis durante el siglo XX. Estos cambios tienen una relación muy estrecha con las crisis económicas recurrentes. Desde una perspectiva de género, se observa cómo las decisiones en escala macroeconómica repercuten directamente en la esfera microeconómica. Las políticas económicas no son neutrales.
La vida no vale nada. Seguridad social y sistema de pensiones en México
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Guzmán Fernández Antonio , González Hernández Guadalupe Margarita ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Published: May 2021

La introducción de la capitalización individual en los sistemas de pensiones del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) y del Instituto de Seguridad Social al Servicio de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) se ajustó, de forma autoritaria, a los intereses del capital financiero. Los costos de la reforma fueron asumidos por los trabajadores sin autocrítica, sin hacer referencia a la corrupción en el manejo de los fondos, sin considerar la incapacidad del modelo neoliberal para generar empleo y garantizar solvencia al anterior modelo solidario de reparto.
16 tesis del colonialismo en el siglo XXI. Reflexiones sobre el caso de Zacatecas
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Márquez Covarrubias Humberto
Published: May 2021

Inmerso en el colonialismo del siglo XXI, Zacatecas funge como proveedor de recursos naturales y humanos baratos, además de transferir una parte significativa del excedente económico generado con el concurso de múltiples esfuerzos sociales e institucionales. En las últimas dos décadas y media se ha venido impulsando, con cierta lentitud, pero con perseverancia, un proyecto de modernización consistente en la atracción de inversión extranjera, la industrialización basada en maquiladoras, la promoción del turismo cultural y la metropolización de tres municipios. La incesante extracción de materias primas, explotación laboral y trasferencia de ganancias genera una permanente sangría de energía social, que en otras condiciones podría abocarse a garantizar la reproducción de la vida digna.
Nanomedicina: expectativas y regulación para el desarrollo
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Vidal Correa Laura , Záyago Lau Edgar ,   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas
Published: May 2021

Aquí se explora el potencial que la nanomedicina ofrece para tratar algunas enfermedades que aquejan tanto a países industrializados como a los pobres. Se argumenta, igualmente, que la regulación, supervisión y monitoreo son necesarios para evitar mayores desigualdades y controlar los riesgos de los nanomateriales a la salud y el medio ambiente. De lo contrario la nanomedicina se puede convertir en un problema más que en una solución.
Desafíos interdisciplinarios en los estudios críticos del desarrollo
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Alfaro Yolanda
Published: May 2021

Para alcanzar la interdisciplinariedad en el campo de estudios críticos del desarrollo no sólo es necesario superar el proceso de deducción lógica y el predominio de la economía convencional, sino que también es preciso apropiarse de formas de pensar y de construir objetos de estudio que superen las fronteras y jerarquías disciplinares, el antagonismo entre estructura y sujeto, las disputas entre generalización y particularismo, las disparidades de los enfoques cualitativos y cuantitativos y la desarticulación entre teoría y práctica.
KONTRIBUSI USAHA TERNAK ITIK PETELUR TERHADAP PENDAPATAN RUMAHTANGGA PETANI PETERNAK DI KECAMATAN LANGOWAN TIMUR
Authors: Turangan Lidya Y , Manese M A.V , Pangemanan S P
Published: May 2021

DUCKS LAYER FARM CONTRIBUTION ON HOUSEHOLDS INCOME IN EAST LANGOWAN DISTRICT. The purpose of this research was to evaluate duck layer farm contribution on household domestic income in East Langowan district. This study was conducted on October 1st to 28th, 2018. The data were obtained by applyingsurvey methods and interviews completed the questionnaires. Samples were taken by purposive sampling methods involving 100 adult ducks maintained traditionally. The samples number is obtained from the whole household farmers, divided into 3 scales of livestock ownership. Scale 1 was farmers with 100 to 233 duck earning revenue of IDR 29.175.786 per year. Scale 2 was farmers with 234 to 367 ducks earning revenue of IDR 52.685.974 per year. Scale 3 was farmers with 368 to 500 ducks earning revenues of IDR 72.364.195 per year. Generally, the duck farm in East Langowan district was still traditionally maintained under a semi-intensive maintenance system. The household farmers of the laying ducks contributed the highest income of 89% with a value of IDR 154.225.952 per year. Animal farm of other owners (off farm) contributed 1% with the value of IDR 2.304.678 per year. Sources of non farming contributed 10% with the value of IDR 17.441.667 per year. It can be concluded that duck farm was categorized into a major farming industry providing greater revenues than other businesses. Duck farm was a source of household farmer income contributing 85% compared with other businesses. The greater the scale of the livestock ownership, the greater the income will be received. The laying duck maintenance system in East Langowan district was still categorized in a traditional system, important to be developed because of potential of agricultural land can provide natural feed so as to profitable breeders.
PENGARUH PENDAPATAN DAN JUMLAH ANGGOTA RUMAH TANGGA TERHADAP KONSUMSI DAGING BABI DI KELURAHAN RURUKAN 1 KECAMATAN TOMOHON TIMUR KOTA TOMOHON
Authors: Wowiling Rifaldy M , Pandey J , Rembang V L.H , Endoh E K.M.
Published: May 2021

EFFECT OF INCOME AND TOTAL FAMILY MEMBER ON PORK CONSUMPTION AT RURUKAN 1 VILLAGE, EAST TOMOHON DISTRICT IN TOMOHOM CITY. Study was conducted to evaluate effect of income and total family member on average pork consumption at Rurukan 1 village, East Tomohon district in Tomohom city. Study was done on November to December 2019, using survey method. Study showed that average pork consumption  per  month of the family was two kg. Income of family member affected significantly (P<0.01)  of pork consumption. In addition, total family member affected significantly (P<0.05) of pork consumption. Therefore, it can be concluded that average pork consumption per family per month reached 2.2 kg, significantly affected by income and total family member at Rurukan 1 village, East Tomohon district in Tomohom city.
KUALITAS FISIKOKIMIA DAN MIKROBIA YOGHURT SINBIOTIK YANG DIBERI PATI TERMODIFIKASI UMBI UWI UNGU (Dioscorea alata) DENGAN LEVEL BERBEDA
Authors: Korengkeng Agnes C. , Yelnetty A. , Hadju Rahmawati , Tamasoleng M.
Published: May 2021

THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL QUALITY OF SINBIOTIC YOGHURT GIVEN DIFFERENT LEVEL OF MODIFIED STARCH OF PURPLE UWI BULB (Dioscorea alata). An experiment was done in order to determine the level of modified starch of purple uwi bulb (Dioscorea alata) which best for syneresis, pH and total lactic acid bacteria of synbiotic yoghurt.  Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this experiment with 6 treatments as follows P0 = yoghurt without modified starch purple uwi bulb, P1 = yoghurt + 0,1% modified starch purple uwi bulb, P2 = yoghurt + 0,2% modified starch purple uwi bulb, P3 = yoghurt + 0,3% modified starch purple uwi bulb, P4 = yoghurt + 0,4%  modified starch purple uwi bulb dan P5 = yoghurt + 0,5 modified starch purple uwi bulb; and three repetitions   each treatment. Measurements taken were syneresis, pH value, total of acid lactate bacteria. Data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and Tuckey’s test was used to inspect treatment differences among group means.  It found in this research that application of modified starch of purple uwi bulb in symbiotic yoghurt gave a significant effect (P<0,01) on pH value and total lactic acid bacteria but not on syneresis. However, the syneresis values tendency decreased as the level of modified starch of purple uwi bulb increased.  The pH of symbiotic yoghurts given modified starch were ranged between 5.0 – 5.4 and the lowest pH was found in yoghurt with 0.3% modified starch added, meanwhile the total lactic acid bacteria of symbiotic yoghurts given modified starch were ranged between log 10-78.65 – log10-7 8.87 and the highest total lactic acid bacteria was found in yoghurt with 0.2% modified starch added.  It concluded in this research that the best quality of symbiotic yoghurt was in yoghurt with addition of modified starch of purple uwi bulb 0.3%.  Keywords: Sinbiotic Yoghurt, Modified Starch of Ubi Purple Tuber, Sineresis, pH value, BAL Total
KECERNAAN KALSIUM DAN FOSFOR RANSUM KOMPLIT BERBASIS TEBON JAGUNG PADA TERNAK SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE (PO)
Authors: Koluod Asuela A. , Kaunang C.L. , Tuturoong R.V. , Waani M.R.
Published: May 2021

DIGESTIBILITY OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS COMPLETE FEED BASED ON CORN FORAGE IN ONGOLE CROSSBREED COWS. Research was conducted to evaluate digestibility of calcium and phoshorus ongole crossbreed cows based on Corn Forage. Fourteen cows were used in this experiment, one and a half to two years old by weight of one hundred eighty to two hundred and fifty kilograms. this research was using experimental method, the data were analyzed by T test (Unequal Variance Assumed). Consisting of two replications and seven treatments used. The treatment used was : Ra = 50% concentrate+ 50% corn forage, Rb = 50% concentrate+ 25% king grass + 25% corn forage. The variables measured were feed calcium and phosphorus consumption, calcium and phosphorus digestibility. The results of analysis T test showed that intake capacity of calcium significantly affected (P<0.05) between Ra (31.49 gram/animal/day) and Rb (31.02 gram/animal/day) while calcium digestibility of treatment Rb (84.92%) higher significantly than Ra (77.70%). The results of analysis T test showed that intake capacity of phosphorus Rb (31.45 gram/animal/day) significantly affected (P<0.01) than Ra (30.52 gram/animal/day) and phosphorus digestibility Rb (88.39%) significantly affected (P<0.01) than Ra (83.94%). Based on the research result can be concluded that the complete feed consisting of 50% concentrate, 25% king grass (Pennisetum purpupoides) dan 25% corn forage increase digestibility of calcium and phosphorus ongole crossbreed cows.Key Words: Ongole crossbreed cattle, complete feed, digestibility, calcium and phosphorus.
TINGKAH LAKU MAKAN, KAWIN, MENYUSUI DAN MENYUSU KELELAWAR PEMAKAN BUAH (Pteropus alecto) DI PENANGKARAN/ EX-SITU
Authors: Sapika Nurul , Ransaleleh T.A. , Kiroh H.J , Nangoy M.J
Published: May 2021

EATING, MATING, BREASTFEEDING, SUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF FRUIT EATING BATS IN EX-SITU /CAPTIVITY. The aim of this study was to understanding about behavior of the frugivores Pteropus alecto especially in ex-situ (captivity). Four adult male bats, 5 adult female bats, and 5 young bats were used in this study. The variable in this study is frequency and duration when doing eating behavior, mate behavior, breastfeeding behavior, and suckling behavior. The result of this study as follows; Eating behavior frequency in a hour 4.12 and duration in minute/hour 3.78 ; Mate behavior in a hour 0.57 and duration minute/hour 0.31; Breastfeeding average frequency in a hour 0.84 and duration minute/hour 2.16; Suckling frequency in a hour 0.69 and duration minute/hour 2.20. Based on the result it  can be concluded that the most frequency and  duration  by sequence is eating, mating, breastfeeding and suckling behavior. Keywords: Bats (Pteropus alecto), Ex-situ Captive, Behavior.
PEMANFAATAN TEPUNG KULIT PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP KUALITAS INTERNAL TELUR
Authors: Paat Armando , Sarajar C.L. , Leke J. R. , Sompie F. N.
Published: May 2021

UTILIZATION AND INTERNAL QUALITY OF EGG ON PAPAYA PEEL MEAL DIET (CARICA PAPAYA L). The aim of research was to utilization and internal quality of eggs on papaya (carica papaya L) peel meal diet. The material used in this study were one hundred laying hens (MB 402). The completely randomized design (CRD) was done in this research for analysing of statistics to five treatments and four replications, each replications was occupied by five laying hens (MB 402). The variable measured were egg weight, egg yolk, colour of egg yolk.  The result of this research showed that egg weight, egg yolk, the colour egg yolk was not significantly different (P>0.05). Conclusion, the utilization of flour skin papaya until 16% in feed will increase the quality of chicken eggs. Kata Kunci: Papaya peel meal, laying feed, the quality internal egg.
EVALUASI NILAI BIOLOGIS KALSIUM DAN FOSFOR YANG DIBERIKAN PAKAN LENGKAP, TEBON JAGUNG DAN RUMPUT RAJA PADA TERNAK SAPI FRIES HOLLAND (FH)
Authors: Kogouw Bella Mariance , Tulung Y.L.R. , Tuturoong R.A.V. , Rumambi Agnitje
Published: May 2021

EVALUATION THE BIOLOGICAL VALUES OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORS TO GIVED COMPLETE FEED, CORN FORAGE, AND KING GRASS IN FH (fries Holland).  This study aims to evaluate the biological value of calcium and phosphorus given complete feed, corn forage and king grass in FH (Fries Holland). The material used were 14 FH dairy cattle 7-8 years old, body weight 300-400 kg. The cages used were individual cages. The feed given were corn forage, king grass and concentrates. The analysis of t-test data (t-test two samples unequal variances) was used in this study, consisting of 2 types of treatment and 7 replications. They were Ra = 70% corn forage + 30% concentrate and Rb = 35% corn forage + 35% king grass + 30% concentrate. The observed variables were the consumption and digestibility of Ca and P of dairy cattle (FH). The result of research in this study that consumption of Ra was 36.10 g/head/day and Rb was 36.01 g/head/day. P consumption of Ra was 28.67 g/head/day and Rb 31.10 g/head/day (P<0.01). And then the average of Ca Digestibility in Ra was 74.28% and Rb was 80.64% (P,0.01). The digestibility of P in Ra was 75.78% and Rb was 82.62% (P<0.01). Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that the digestibility of Ca and P with a feed formulation of 35% corn forage + 35% king grass + 30% concentrate is better than the formulation of 70% corn forage + 30% concentrate. Keywords: Digestibility, Consumption, Ca and P, Dairy Cattle
PENGGUNAAN PAKAN LENGKAP BERBASIS TEBON JAGUNG TERHADAP KECERNAAN SERAT KASAR DAN BAHAN EKSTRAK TANPA NITROGEN SAPI FRIES HOLLAND
Authors: Binol Didin , Tuturoong R.A.V. , Moningkey S.A.E , Rumambi A.
Published: May 2021

THE USE OF A COMPLETE FEED BASED ON CORN FORAGE ON  THE DIGESTIBILITY OF CRUDE FIBER AND NITROGEN FREE EXTRACT OF THE FRIES HOLLAND DAIRY  COWS. This study aims to determine of the use of complete feed based on corn forage on the digestibility of crude fiber and nitrogen free-extract (NFE) of the Fries Holland (FH) dairy cows. This research used 14 dairy cows aged 7-8 years with a bodyweight of 300-400 kg. This study used an experimental method with t-test analysis (unequal diversity) consisting of 2 treatments with 7 replications. This study was arranged in two treatment groups according to t-test (assuming unequal varience). They consisted of Ra = 70% corn forage + 30% concentrate and Rb = 35% corn forage + 35% king grass + 30% concentrate. The variables observed were crude fiber consumption, NFE consumption, crude fiber digestibility and NFE digestibility. T Test analysis results showed that the consumption of crude fiber treatment of Ra (2.07 kg/head/day) was not significantly different (P>0.05) with Rb treatment (2.10 kg/head/day) while NFE consumption showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between Ra (3.36 kg/head/day) and Rb (3.46 kg/head/day). The digestibility of crude fiber showed a very significant difference (P<0.01) between Ra (70.31%) and Rb (78.15%) while NFE digestibility showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between Ra (87.97%) and Rb (90.28%). Based on the results of this study it can be concluded that feeding with concentrate of 30%, corn forage of 35% and king grass of 35% has better in increasing digestibility of crude fiber than just consisting of concentrate of 30%  and corn forage of 70% in dairy cows (FH).Keywords: digestibility, crude fiber, NFE, Fries Holland cows
KECERNAAN NDF DAN ADF RANSUM KOMPLIT BERBASIS TEBON JAGUNG PADA SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE
Authors: Wawo Febriany F. , Pendong Abraham F. , Kaunang Ch. L. , Waani M. R.
Published: May 2021

THE NDF AND ADF DIGESTIBILITY OF COMPLETE RATION BASED ON KING GRASS AND CORN FORAGE ON ONGOLE CROSSBRED CATTLE. Research has do it to evaluate intake capacity and digestibility of NDF and ADF complete feed based corn forage. Fourteen cows weighing between of one hundred eighty to two hundred and fifty kilogram were used through a biological experiment which arranged in two treatment groups, according to analyzed by T test unequal variance assumed. The treatments consisted of : Ra = 50% concentrate + 50% corn forage, Rb = 50% concentrate + 25% king grass + 25% corn forage. The variables meansured were intake capacity of NDF and ADF and digestibility of NDF and ADF. The results of T test showed that intake capacity of NDF and ADF and digestibility of NDF and ADF Rb significantly affected (P<0.05) significantly than Ra. It is concluded that intake capacity and digestibility of NDF and ADF completed feed based concentrate, corn forage and king grass is better than just based on concentrate and corn forage only. Key words : digestibility, NDF, ADF, completed feed, ongole crossbreed cows
PENGARUH PERBEDAAN KONSENTRASI LARUTAN ASAM ASETAT TERHADAP NILAI KEKUATAN GEL, VISKOSITAS, KADAR PROTEIN, DAN RENDEMEN GELATIN KULIT SAPI
Authors: Wewengkang Indriani , Sompie M. , Siswosubroto S.E. , Pontoh J.H.W.
Published: May 2021

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT CONCENTRATION OF ACETIC ACID SOLUTION ON THE GEL STRENGTH, VISCOSITY, PROTEIN CONTENT AND RENDEMEN VALUEThis research conducted to determine the effect of different concentration of acetic acid solution on the gel strength, viscocity, protein content and rendemen of cow skin gelatin. The material used cowskin and acetic acid solution. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were concentration of acetic acid solution (1%, 3%, 5% and 7%) and  four replicates of treatment. The result showed that the different concetration of acetic acid solution  had no significant  effect (P>0.05) to the gel strength and rendemen value of gelatin, but it had significant effect (P<0.05) on viscosity and protein content of cow skin gelatin. It was concluded that  acetic acid solution 3% had  the best gel strength, viscosity, protein content  and rendemen value of cow skin gelatin.Keywords: Acetic acid, Cow skin, Gelatin
KUALITAS FISIK DAN KIMIA TELUR PINDANG MENGGUNAKAN DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guajava L) SERTA GARAM NaCl DENGAN KONSENTRASI BERBEDA
Authors: Nusi Sasmita , Rotinsulu Merri D. , Tamasoleng Moureen , Hadju Rahmawaty
Published: May 2021

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL QUALITY OF PINDANG EGGS USING GUAVA LEAVES (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L) AND NACL SALT WITH DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical quality of pindang eggs using guava leaves and NaCl salt with different concentrations. The material used was  egg, guava leaves, NaCl salt. This research used complete randomized design (CRD) with a factorial of 3x3 with 3 times replicated. Factor A consists of guava leaves  with 3 levels namely 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Factor B consists of NaCl salt with 3 levels namely 2.5%, 5%, and 7.5%. Analysis of the variance showed that the distribution of guava leaves and NaCl salt was significant (P<0.01) on egg weight, moisture, gel forces, and non significant (P>0.01) on pH. Based on the results of such studies, it can be concluded that the best for the physical and chemical properties of the pindang egg was treatment of  7.5% of guava leaves and 7.5% of the NaCl salt.Keywords: Pindang Eggs, Guava Leaves, NaCl Salt, Physical-Chemical Properties
KAJIAN APLIKASI TEKNIK INSEMINASI BUATAN DALAM PENINGKATAN GENETIK BOBOT BADAN TERNAK SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE DI SULAWESI UTARA
Authors: Hendrik Manopo Jouke , Paputungan Umar , Utiah Wapsiaty
Published: May 2021

THE STUDY OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION APPLICATION ON GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF LIVE WEIGHT IN ONGOLE GRADE CATTLE AT NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE. This research was conducted to evaluate the effective application of artificial insemination compared with natural breeding on genetic improvement by grading up system involving semen sourced from Ongole bull for the Indonesian-grade cattle at rural areas in Minahasa regency of North Sulawesi province, Indonesia. Data on animal live weight were collected from all cows (n= 404) kept by the traditional household farmers. Data of the cows were corrected by adjusting for the six years old of age. Breeding of beef genetic ancestors used the natural breeding (NB) and the artificial insemination (AI), divided into three cow groups with the first group of NB-mating without grading up (G0 cows), the second group of AI-mating with grading up using semen of Ongole bull for the first generation (G1 cows), and the third group of AI-mating with grading up using semen of Ongole bull for the second generation (G2 cows). The genetic improvements from breeding program of each G0, G1 and G2 were analyzed involving the selection intensity (i), the accuracy of selection (r), the genetic standard deviation of the trait under selection (SDg), and the generation interval (L) expressed in years. Results of this study showed that the critical components was the genetic development of local beef cattle by grading up using semen of the selected elite Ongole bull mated by AI method producing G2 in North Sulawesi province of Indonesia. This method increased genetically four hundred percents of live weight per year under 48% to 10% proportions of elite cows at the truncation points from the animal population compared with those of the natural mating of G0 in increasing genetic development for animal genetically live weight per year.Key Words: artificial insemination, genetic development, Indonesian local-grade cattle, Ongole breed bull
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN TEPUNG LIMBAH LABU KUNING (Cucurbita moschata) DALAM RANSUM TERHADAP PERSENTASE KARKAS, POTONGAN KOMERSIL DAN LEMAK ABDOMINALPADAAYAM PEDAGING
Authors: Pakasi Mianty C , Mandey J S , Kowel Y H.S , Regar M N
Published: May 2021

THE EFFECT OF YELLOW PUMPKIN (Cucurbita moschata) MEALIN THE DIET ON THE CARCASS, CARCASS COMMERCIAL CUTTING AND ABDOMINAL FAT OF BROILER CHICKENS. This study aims to determine the effect of pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) waste in the diet on carcass percentage, commercial cutting of carcass (breasts, thighs, wings) and abdominal fat in broilers. The study used 100 unsexed D.O.C. of broilers, strain Cobb. The experiment used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The follow-up test used was Honest Real Difference (BNJ). The treatment arrangements are as follows: R0 = Basal Diet (BD) 100% + 0% Yellow Pumpkin Meal (YPM); R1 = BD 95% + 5% YPM; R2 = BD 90% + 10% YPM; R3 = BD 85% + 15% YPM. The results showed that carcass weight and carcass percentage in treatment R0, R1, R2 were significantly higher than treatment R3, but between treatments R0, R1, R2 were not significantly different. The commercial section of the right chest of treatment R1, R2, R3, was significantly higher than the R0 treatment, but between treatments R1, R2, R3 were not significantly different, while on the left chest showed that treatments R0, R2, R3 were significantly higher than R1, however, between treatments R0, R2, R3 were not significantly different. Thigh and wing sections, and abdominal fat percentage showed no significant differences. Based on the results, it can be concluded that15% pumpkin waste mealin broiler diet has a good effect on body weight growth, carcass percentage and part of the commercial cutting percentage of broiler carcass.