bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy Efficiency in the 21st Century
Authors: Ogletree Glenda , Sunal Dennis W. , Sunal Cynthia Szymanski , Woodbury Keith
Published: February 2022

In today’s world, citizens must use scientific information to make choices and knowledgeable decisions in many aspects of civic affairs involving their everyday lives. Issues related to energy resources are important to everyone, because energy use and misuse affects people’s lives. Citizens must be scientifically literate, informed, and active participants in their society in order to create fair and equitable energy policies for the present and the future. To begin to establish these policies in a society that is educated and concerned about energy, it is important that teachers link social studies and science issues about energy production and consumption. Social studies and science often are interwoven in education because many social issues relate to science topics.
Historical Inquiry with Fifth Graders: An Action Research Study
Authors: McCormick Theresa M.
Published: February 2022

This article describes an action research investigation in which I examined the effects that a six-week, historical, inquiry-based unit on the American Revolution had on 119 fifth-graders’ interest in studying history. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from pre- and post-survey responses and observational field notes. Results suggest that the historical, inquiry-based unit positively influenced students’ motivation and interest to study history both in and outside the classroom. Based on the findings of this study, instructional strategies that piqued students’ own questions and interests appeared to be the key to facilitating their motivation to learn history.
The “Building Tasks” of Critical History: Structuring Social Studies for Social Justice
Authors: Au Wayne
Published: February 2022

Using research in curriculum studies, New Literacy Studies, and discourse analysis, the author examines two illustrative cases of social studies teachers who actively structure their lesson plans with the aim of promoting social justice education. This study finds that these teachers seek to encourage students to question social and economic relations by “building” their curricula in specific ways.
Implications of Changes in Readings in a Social Studies Graduate Class for Curriculum and Instruction: Two Scenarios
Authors: Pettapiece Bob
Published: February 2022

This article describes two scenarios and changes made to a graduate readings course in social studies education over two years in order to align it with constructivist and student-centered thinking and learning. The changes made, the rationale for the changes, and the results are discussed.
Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan The Watsons Go to Birmingham – 1963 by Christopher Paul Curtis
Authors: Thomas Ursula , Strickland Janet
Published: February 2022

This lesson integrates social studies, reading, language arts, and technology. Students are involved in reading historical fiction, examining authentic documents, and completing a WebQuest activity. Ten strategies for reading the Notable Book are explained in detail in the Appendix.
Fostering Preservice Teachers’ Transformative Learning in a Social Studies Methods Course: A Reflection on Transformative Pedagogy
Authors: Ukpokodu Omiunota Nelly
Published: February 2022

Using a qualitative research design, this study examined the impact of a course that utilized transformative pedagogy to foster preservice teachers’ transformative learning in a social studies methods course. The study was framed around the construct and practice of transformative education and pedagogy. Transformative pedagogy was defined as an activist pedagogy that combines the elements of constructivist, critical pedagogy, multiculturalism and practices that promote dialogical relations, engage and empower students as critical inquirers, participatory, active, and self-reflective learners who confront their prior beliefs, perspectives, frames of reference and attitudes in order to foster the development of critical consciousness, visions of possibilities, and action. Drawing on multiple sources, the data revealed that participants evidenced transformative learning such as follows: (a) deepened perspectives and new understanding of social studies; (b) shifting dispositions and awareness of a new sense of responsibility; (c) evolving self-examination and redefinition of teaching role, and (d) emerging sense of social critique and conscientization. Finally, the article discusses practices of key elements of transformative pedagogy that foster transformative learning such as a community-based learning context, experiential learning activities and project, reflective journaling, modeling, and scaffolding.
Notable Trade Book Lesson Plan: Recess at 20 Below
Authors: Tate Kathleen J.
Published: February 2022

This lesson plan is based upon Cindy Lou Aillaud’s book Recess at 20 Below and serves as a catalyst for exploring how the climate and geography/ topography of the Alaskan region affects culture and everyday life, economy, wildlife, and conservation. This lesson is geared toward 3rd and 4th grades but could easily be modified for younger or older students.
The Art of Relating Moral Education to Financial Education: An Equity Imperative
Authors: Lucey Thomas A.
Published: February 2022

To achieve a fully participatory society, all participants should receive equal opportunities for understanding the processes of acquiring, managing, and developing financial resources. The author argues that financial education processes do not meet the needs of all children, because they do not account for differences in child development prompted by various economic contexts. He contends that these contexts prompt judgment patterns among individuals having economic differences and that efforts toward social equity necessitate the exploration of moral issues related to personal finance. He recommends use of the arts to enable student discovery and reconciliation of financial judgments so that students may construct understandings of the social issues that prompt financial inequities and may explore ideas to challenge them.
The State of K-12 Social Studies Instruction in Ohio
Authors: Doppen Frans , Misco Thomas , Patterson Nancy
Published: February 2022

This study describes the complex state of social studies instruction in Ohio. It explores teacher conceptualizations of the purpose of social studies and the impact of state standards and high-stakes testing on the citizenship mission of social studies. Understanding the impact of state standards and high-stakes testing on the citizenship mission of social studies is essential for teachers as they attempt to respond to this mission while simultaneously ensuring student mastery of prescribed content. Unfortunately, the findings show that teachers may not recognize the congruence of this mission with state standards and high-stakes testing. Although some of the instructional strategies the teachers in this study reported using were aligned with Ohio’s goals, other pedagogical issues, such as infrequent attention to multiple perspectives, lack of document analysis, and infrequent attention to economic concepts require attention.
Historical Timelines Analyzing Mutlimodal Text Design
Authors: Fox Sonya , Exley Beryl
Published: February 2022

The recent focus on literacy in Social Studies has been on linguistic design, particularly that related to the grammar of written and spoken text. When students are expected to produce complex hybridized genres such as timelines, a focus on the teaching and learning of linguistic design is necessary but not sufficient to complete the task. Theorizations of new literacies identify five interrelated meaning making designs for text deconstruction and reproduction: linguistic, spatial, visual, gestural, and audio design. Honing in on the complexity of timelines, this paper casts a lens on the linguistic, visual, spatial, and gestural designs of three pairs of primary school aged Social Studies learners. Drawing on a functional metalanguage, we analyze the linguistic, visual, spatial, and gestural designs of their work. We also offer suggestions of their effect, and from there consider the importance of explicit instruction in text design choices for this Social Studies task. We conclude the analysis by suggesting the foci of explicit instruction for future lessons.
Using Web 2.0 to Support Learning in the Social Studies Context Our Journey from Web 1.0 to Web 2.0 and Beyond
Authors: Holcomb Lori B. , Beal Candy , Robertson Amanda
Published: February 2022

This paper represents an overview of our journey utilizing and integrating technology in the social studies context. We describe and explain our initial efforts that used Web 1.0 and then trace our development to our most recent project that incorporates and capitalizes on Web 2.0 technologies. We provide an in-depth look at the learning experiences we designed and developed using Web 2.0 technologies. In addition, the paper details how the use and integration of Web 2.0 tools allow students to engage in authentic, problem-based learning anchored in Russian history and culture. From static to fluid, our projects have demonstrated that social studies’ future, and the development of our students as global citizens, must be intertwined with technology.
Computer-Based Concept Mapping An Effective Academic Tool for Social Studies Teachers to Help with Linguistic and Academic Development of English Language Learners
Authors: Mutlu Berna
Published: February 2022

Academic language in social studies lessons is challenging for English Language Learners because of the language barrier. Social studies teachers need to make use of effective techniques that can help English Language Learners overcome the language barrier. Graphic organizers are promising tools for making content more comprehensible for English Language Learners. In this article it is suggested that Inspiration®, a software program that allows production of electronic concept maps in an easy process with minimum learning curve, can help social studies teachers teach English Language Learners more effectively, as well as enhance their language development. Inspiration® is presented as an instructional tool that can help social studies teachers understand the linguistic needs of English Language Learners (ELLs) and incorporate appropriate academic language of different types of language functions prevalent within the discourse structures of social studies textbooks with the help of Inspiration®, such as the language of describing the process of making laws, comparing and contrasting two branches of the American government, and sequencing of events in making of the American constitution.
Consumers’ adoption of artificial intelligence and robotics in hospitality and tourism sector: literature review and future research agenda
Authors: Goel Pooja , Kaushik Neeraj , Sivathanu Brijesh , Pillai Rajasshrie , Vikas Jasper
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study, a current systematic literature review, is to synthesize the extant literature on consumers’ adoption of artificial intelligence and robotics (AIR) in the context of the hospitality and tourism sector (HATS) to gain a comprehensive understanding of it. This study also outlines insights for academia, practitioners, AI marketers, developers, designers and policymakers.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a content analysis approach to conduct a systematic literature review for the period of 10 years (2011–2020) of the various published studies themed around consumer’s adoption of AIR in HATS.

Findings

The synthesis draws upon various factors affecting the adoption of AIR, such as individual factors, service factors, technical and performance factors, social and cultural factors and infrastructural factors. Additionally, the authors identified four major barriers, namely, psychological, social, financial, technical and functional that hinder the consumer’s adoption of artificial intelligence and robots in the hospitality and tourism industry.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s/authors’ knowledge, this study is a first attempt to synthesize the factors that drive consumers’ adoption of artificial intelligence and robots in the hospitality and tourism industry. The present work also advances the tourism and consumer behavior literature by offering an integrated antecedent-outcome framework.

Visual abstract

Figure 2 The objective of the current systematic literature review is to synthesize the extant literature on consumer’s adoption of artificial intelligence and robotics (AIR) in the context of the hospitality and tourism sector (HATS) to gain a comprehensive understanding of it. For that purpose, authors conducted content analysis of extant literature on consumer’s adoption of AIR in HATS from 2011 to 2020. Authors presented an integrated antecedent outcome framework of the factors that drive consumer’s adoption of artificial intelligence and robots in the hospitality and tourism industry.
Sexual reproduction contributes to the evolution of resistance‐breaking isolates of the spinach pathogen Peronospora effusa
Authors: Skiadas Petros , Klein Joël , Quiroz‐Monnens Thomas , Elberse Joyce , de Jonge Ronnie , Van den Ackerveken Guido , Seidl Michael F.
Published: February 2022

Peronospora effusa causes downy mildew, the economically most important disease of cultivated spinach worldwide. To date, 19 P. effusa races have been denominated based on their capacity to break spinach resistances, but their genetic diversity and the evolutionary processes that contribute to race emergence are unknown. Here, we performed the first systematic analysis of P. effusa races showing that those emerge by both asexual and sexual reproduction. Specifically, we studied the diversity of 26 P. effusa isolates from 16 denominated races based on mitochondrial and nuclear comparative genomics. Mitochondrial genomes based on long‐read sequencing coupled with diversity assessment based on short‐read sequencing uncovered two mitochondrial haplogroups, each with distinct genome organization. Nuclear genome‐wide comparisons of the 26 isolates revealed that 10 isolates from six races could clearly be divided into three asexually evolving groups, in concordance with their mitochondrial phylogeny. The remaining isolates showed signals of reticulated evolution and discordance between nuclear and mitochondrial phylogenies, suggesting that these evolved through sexual reproduction. Increased understanding of this pathogen's reproductive modes will provide the framework for future studies into the molecular mechanisms underlying race emergence and into the P. effusa‐spinach interaction, thus assisting in sustainable production of spinach through knowledge‐driven resistance breeding.
Non‐radiologist perception of the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostic medical imaging reports
Authors: Lim Sophie Soyeon , Phan Tuan D , Law Meng , Goh Gerard S , Moriarty Heather K , Lukies Matthew W , Joseph Timothy , Clements Warren
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Incorporating artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostic medical imaging reports has the potential to improve efficiency. Although perception of radiologists, radiographers, medical students and patients on AI use in image reporting has been explored, there is limited literature on non‐radiologist clinicians' opinion on this topic.

Method

Single‐centre online survey targeting non‐radiologist medical staff conducted from May to August 2021 at a tertiary referral hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Survey questions revolved around clinicians' level of comfort acting on AI‐generated reports with varying levels of radiologist involvement and scan complexity, opinion on medicolegal responsibility for erroneous AI‐issued reports and perception of data privacy and security.

Results

Eighty‐eight responses were collected, including 47.9% of consultants. Non‐radiologist clinicians across all seniorities and specialties felt significantly less comfortable acting on AI‐issued reports compared with radiologist‐issued reports (mean comfort radiologist 6.44/7, mean comfort AI 3.35/7, P < 0.001) but felt equally comfortable with an AI‐hybrid model of care (mean comfort hybrid 6.38/7, P = 0.676). Non‐radiologist clinicians believed that medicolegal responsibility with errors in AI‐issued reports mostly lay with hospitals or health service providers (65.9%) and radiologists (54.5%). Regarding data privacy and security, non‐radiologist clinicians felt significantly less comfortable with AI issuing image reports instead of radiologists (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

A hybrid AI‐generated radiologist‐confirmed method of image reporting may be the ideal way of integrating AI into clinical practice based on the perception of our referring non‐radiologist medical colleagues. Formal guidelines on medicolegal responsibility and data privacy should be established prior to utilising AI in the clinical setting.
Development of a decellularized hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold for use in reconstructing hypopharynx
Authors: Hou Nan , Lv Die , Xu Xiaoli , Lu Yanqing , Li Jingzhi , Ma Ruina , Tang Ying , Zheng Yun
Published: February 2022

Background

Hypopharynx reconstruction after hypopharyngectomy is still a great challenge. Perfusion decellularization is for extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffolding and had been used in organ reconstruction. Our study aimed to prepare an acellular, natural, three‐dimensional biological hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold as the substitute materials to reconstruct hypopharynx.

Result

Scanning electron microscope and histology staining showed that the decellularized hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold retained intact native anatomical ECM structure. Myoblasts were observed on the recellularized scaffolds with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells induced by 5‐azacytidine implanted in the rabbit greater omentum by immunohistochemical analysis.

Conclusion

The decellularized hypopharynx with vascular pedicle scaffold prepared by detergent perfusion in our study has a potential to be an alternative material to pharynx reconstruction.
Bayesian Nonparametric Analysis for the Detection of Spikes in Noisy Calcium Imaging Data
Authors: D'Angelo Laura , Canale Antonio , Yu Zhaoxia , Guindani Michele
Published: February 2022

Recent advancements in miniaturized fluorescence microscopy have made it possible to investigate neuronal responses to external stimuli in awake behaving animals through the analysis of intracellular calcium signals. An ongoing challenge is deconvolving the temporal signals to extract the spike trains from the noisy calcium signals' time series. In this article, we propose a nested Bayesian finite mixture specification that allows the estimation of spiking activity and, simultaneously, reconstructing the distributions of the calcium transient spikes' amplitudes under different experimental conditions. The proposed model leverages two nested layers of random discrete mixture priors to borrow information between experiments and discover similarities in the distributional patterns of neuronal responses to different stimuli. Furthermore, the spikes' intensity values are also clustered within and between experimental conditions to determine the existence of common (recurring) response amplitudes. Simulation studies and the analysis of a dataset from the Allen Brain Observatory show the effectiveness of the method in clustering and detecting neuronal activities.
A Hierarchical Model for Analyzing Multisite Individual-Level Disease Surveillance Data from Multiple Systems
Authors: Zhang Yuzi , Chang Howard H. , Cheng Qu , Collender Philip A. , Li Ting , He Jinge , Remais Justin V.
Published: February 2022

Passive surveillance systems are widely used to monitor diseases occurrence over wide spatial areas due to their cost-effectiveness and integration into broadly distributed healthcare systems. However, such systems are generally associated with imperfect ascertainment of disease cases and with heterogeneous capture probabilities arising from factors such as differential access to care. Augmenting passive surveillance systems with other surveillance efforts provides a way to estimate the true number of incident cases. We develop a hierarchical modeling framework for analyzing data from multiple surveillance systems that allows for individual-level covariate-dependent heterogeneous capture probabilities, and borrows information across surveillance sites to improve estimation of the true number of incident cases. Inference is carried out via a two-stage Bayesian procedure. Simulation studies illustrated superior performance of the proposed approach with respect to bias, root mean square error, and coverage compared to a model that does not borrow information across sites. We applied the proposed model to data from three surveillance systems reporting pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases in a major center of ongoing transmission in China. The analysis yielded bias-corrected estimates of PTB cases from the passive system and led to the identification of risk factors associated with PTB rates, as well as factors influencing the operating characteristics of the implemented surveillance systems.
Influx of kynurenine into the brain is involved in the reduction of ethanol consumption induced by Ro 61‐8048 after chronic intermittent ethanol in mice
Authors: Gil de Biedma‐Elduayen Leticia , Giménez‐Gómez Pablo , Morales‐Puerto Nuria , Vidal Rebeca , Núñez‐de la Calle Carlos , Gutiérrez‐López María Dolores , O'Shea Esther , Colado María Isabel
Published: February 2022

Background and Purpose

The kynurenine pathway has been proposed as a target for modulating drug abuse. We previously demonstrated that inhibition of kynurenine 3‐monooxygenase (KMO), using Ro 61‐8048, reduces ethanol consumption in a binge drinking model. Here, we investigate the effect of the kynurenine pathway modulation in ethanol‐dependent mice.

Experimental Approach

Adult male and female mice were subjected to a Chronic Intermittent Ethanol (CIE) paradigm. On the last day of CIE, mice were treated with Ro 61‐8048, Ro 61‐8048 + PNU‐120596, a positive allosteric modulator of α7nAChR, and Ro 61‐8048 + L‐leucine or probenecid, which blocks the influx or efflux of kynurenine from the brain, respectively. Ethanol, water consumption and preference were measured and kynurenine levels in plasma and limbic forebrain were determined.

Key Results

Ro 61‐8048 decreases consumption and preference for ethanol in both sexes exposed to the CIE model, an effect that was prevented by PNU‐120596. The Ro 61‐8048‐induced decrease in ethanol consumption depends on the influx of kynurenine into the brain.

Conclusion and Implications

Inhibition of KMO reduces ethanol consumption and preference in both male and female mice subjected to CIE model by a mechanism involving α7nAChR. Moreover, this centrally‐mediated effect depends on the influx of peripheral kynurenine to the brain and can be prolonged by blocking the efflux of kynurenine from the brain. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate that the modulation of the kynurenine pathway is an effective strategy for the treatment of ethanol dependence in both sexes.
Changes in help‐seeking intentions among young people living in families impacted by mental illness attending Australian Kookaburra Kids Foundation camps
Authors: Davies Grace , Deane Frank P. , Williams Virginia , Giles Chris
Published: February 2022

Young people living in families impacted by familial mental illness are at increased risk of various negative mental and physical health outcomes. Prevention and early intervention programmes are useful in mitigating the risk of transgenerational transmission of mental illness. Therapeutic recreation camps constitute a novel approach to mental health early intervention and prevention for these young people, incorporating educational experiences within a peer‐based environment. This study assessed the outcomes of attending the Australian Kookaburra Kids Foundation camps for young people living in families impacted by familial mental illness. A pre‐post design was used with 237 young people between 8 and 18 years old. Mixed analyses of variance (ANOVAs) found significant improvements in young people's mental health knowledge and intentions to seek help using an anonymous telephone helpline after attending the programme. Results also revealed that males became more likely to seek help from regular contacts within their established networks after attending the programme. These findings contribute towards an increased understanding of the extant help‐seeking processes involved among an at‐risk population, with focused attention on subgroups who are less likely to seek help for their issues.
Negotiating master narratives: The practice of ‘counterstorying’ in children's personal narratives about family‐related adversities
Authors: Michelson Stina
Published: February 2022

Only limited attention has been drawn to children's narrative practice of negotiating cultural ideas about who they are and what they can do. This paper focuses on children living in families where adults have psychosocial problems and analyses how they negotiate different family‐related and/or societal master narratives about their identity and agency. Twenty‐two children, 6–17 years old, have been interviewed about themselves and their lives. The findings suggest three master narratives as central in children's telling: the story of the child as problem bearer, the story of the child as inheritor of psychosocial problems and the story of the child as an unknowledgeable object. The analysis shows that children negotiate these master narratives by positioning and repositioning themselves and others in, and through, their telling. The core contribution of the study is the notion that children's problem descriptions contain important information about both material and discursive aspects of the problematic situation. Through listening to children's stories, social work practitioners and researchers can deepen their understanding of how the individual child relates to, and negotiates, wider cultural ideas about identity and agency. This knowledge is relevant in the pursuit of matching support with the child's needs and perspective.
“Splitting the bill” for conservation: Perceptions and uptake of financial incentives by landholders managing privately protected areas
Authors: Selinske Matthew J. , Howard Natasha , Fitzsimons James A. , Hardy Mathew J. , Knight Andrew T.
Published: February 2022

Globally, privately protected area (PPA) programs are increasing in size and number. Participating in a PPA program can be fiscally challenging for landholders (e.g., enrollment costs; potential reduction in land value; opportunity costs; costs of ongoing management). Government and nongovernmental organizations often offer financial incentives to landholders, in addition to nonfinancial incentives, to encourage program enrollment and ongoing biodiversity management. In Australia, where conservation covenanting programs have been ongoing for several decades, a diversity of financial incentives is available to landholders. We surveyed 527 conservation covenantors from three states in southeast Australia to investigate the uptake, use, experience and preference for financial incentives. Less than half of covenantors received a financial incentive to enroll, but most applied for some form of incentive after enrollment, predominantly to help with management costs. Covenantors identified challenges in accessing incentives, such as being unaware of funding opportunities or experiencing confusing application processes. We found land rates rebates to be the preferred financial incentive among covenantors, in part due to the perception that covenantors should not have to pay full rates on covenanted land. Our results suggest that while covenantors do not participate in PPA programs for financial incentives, effectively and efficiently deploying financial incentives can reduce the financial burdens of PPA management, potentially increasing the effectiveness of conservation efforts.
Application of a patient‐centered reverse translational systems‐based approach to understand mechanisms of an adverse drug reaction of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Kim Sarah , Lahu Gezim , Vakilynejad Majid , Soldatos Theodoros G. , Jackson David B. , Lesko Lawrence J. , Trame Mirjam N.
Published: February 2022

Immunotherapy became a key pillar of cancer therapeutics with the approvals of ipilimumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab, which inhibit either cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte antigen‐4 (CTLA‐4) or programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) that are negative regulators of T‐cell activation. However, boosting T‐cell activation is often accompanied by autoimmunity, leading to adverse drug reactions (ADRs), including high grade 3–4 colitis and its severe complications whose prevalence may reach 14% for combination checkpoint inhibitors. In this research, we investigated how mechanistic differences between anti‐CTLA‐4 (ipilimumab) and anti‐PD‐1 (nivolumab and pembrolizumab) affect colitis, a general class toxicity. The data analytical platform Molecular Health Effect was utilized to map population ADR data from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System to chemical and biological databases for hypothesis generation regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms causing colitis. Disproportionality analysis was used to assess the statistical relevance between adverse events of interest and molecular causation. We verified that the anti‐CTLA‐4 drug is associated with an approximately three‐fold higher proportional reporting ratio associated with colitis than those of the anti‐PD‐1 drugs. The signal of the molecular mechanisms, including signaling pathways of inflammatory cytokines, was statistically insignificant to test the hypothesis that the severer rate of colitis associated with ipilimumab would be due to a greater magnitude of T‐cell activation as a result of earlier response of the anti‐CTLA‐4 drug in the immune response. This patient‐centered systems‐based approach provides an exploratory process to better understand drug pair adverse events at pathway and target levels through reverse translation from postmarket surveillance safety reports.
Clinical, pathologic, and molecular analyses of superficial low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma in two young patients: A rare and deceptive mimic of benignancy
Authors: Modi Mitul B. , Pei Susan , Hedberg Matthew L. , Fischer Andrew S. , Guerrero Jessenia , Carreon Chrystalle Katte , Cooper Kumarasen , Seykora John T.
Published: February 2022

Low‐grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a histopathologically deceptive soft tissue neoplasm with bland cytology, which is typically encountered in deep soft tissue of adults. We report two cases of superficial LGFMS in young patients (16 and 21 years old, respectively), which were difficult to diagnose on histopathologic and clinical findings alone. LGFMS commonly mimics benign neoplasms such as cellular neurothekeoma, fibromatosis, neurofibroma, and perineurioma. Malignancies included in the differential diagnosis are soft tissue neoplasms such as dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and myxofibrosarcoma. A high degree of reported variation in pattern and cellularity among LGFMS further complicates the diagnosis. Careful examination and appropriate immunohistochemistry panels including MUC4 are essential for narrowing the differential diagnosis. Molecular studies for possible FUS translocation can confirm the diagnosis of LGFMS. Sufficient sampling and workup of these lesions are critical, especially in younger patients. Young age and superficial presentation can easily sway dermatopathologists/dermatologists toward an incorrect diagnosis of benignancy.
Development of a Bayesian estimation tool to determine the optimal duration of apixaban discontinuation before a high‐bleeding risk procedure
Authors: Gibert Audrick , Lanoiselée Julien , Janisset Luc , Pernod Gilles , Ollier Edouard , Delavenne Xavier
Published: February 2022

Apixaban is a direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). Many studies have shown that it shows high pharmacokinetic interindividual and intraindividual variability (IIV). The risk of hemorrhage is a major concern for patients treated with apixaban to undergo an operation or an invasive procedure. Due to this large pharmacokinetic variability, the current recommendations concerning the optimal duration of apixaban discontinuation before a high‐bleeding risk procedure concern the general population and not a specific patient. The aim of this study was (1) to investigate by simulation the distribution of decay time of apixaban concentration and (2) to develop and validate an easy‐to‐use web tool to estimate the individual decay time of apixaban in a “real‐life” situation. A systematic review of the literature was conducted to select the relevant pharmacokinetic models for the creation of the web tool. For each model, pharmacokinetic profiles were simulated and the time to reach concentrations below the threshold of 30 ng/ml (T30) was calculated. One of the selected models was chosen to perform a Bayesian estimation and predict the optimal duration of apixaban discontinuation before a high‐bleeding risk procedure. All these results were concatenated into the PrevBleed application developed with the R Shiny package.
Corporeal generosity: Breastfeeding bodies and female‐dominated workplaces
Authors: Burns Elaine , Gannon Susanne , Pierce Heather , Hugman Sky
Published: February 2022

While gender equality at work and the gendered parameters of workplace conditions are of interest to feminist researchers, this paper brings together sociological and public health perspectives to interrogate factors impacting women who return to work (RTW) while maintaining breastfeeding. Our inquiry is focused on female‐dominated professions, teaching, nursing, and midwifery, and our findings suggest that breastfeeding obstacles exist even when gender‐inclusive policies appear to support women. Workplaces generate both overt and subtle barriers to breastfeeding, which force many women to stop earlier than they intended or create ongoing worry about maintaining breastmilk supply. Interviews with participants who maintained breastfeeding after RTW generated three overarching themes: women's determination to get back into the workforce, not wanting to “rock the boat”, and the difficulty in keeping their “head above water”. Despite workplace policies that appeared to support breastfeeding, the workplace catered to a supposedly gender‐neutral worker and policies did not translate into practice. Given the many sacrifices that women make to maintain breastfeeding, the level of workplace apathy was surprising, especially in female dominated professions. Our research foregrounds breastfeeding corporeality, not as excess but as an inevitable and essential feature of workplaces, which needs to be acknowledged and accommodated.
Land, property relations, and urban planning: New histories from colonial India
Authors: Sengupta Kaustubh Mani
Published: February 2022

This article looks at the recent scholarship on urban property in colonial India. Histories of cities of British India have been dominated by issues of racial segregation, discourse of planning, ways of social control as well as negotiation and resistance of the indigenous population in fashioning the urban space. The new scholarship brings in economic considerations of the state and the private actors squarely to the foreground to argue that land and property was at the heart of urban governance. Putting forward a materialist interpretation of the production of colonial urban space, these histories provide a lens to view the complex and complicated processes through which land turned into commodity. The article discusses three major issues relating to urban property regime as have been argued variously in these writings: first, it looks at the very constitution of the meaning of property and rights to property; second, it studies the various meanings of ‘value’ of a land; and lastly, it considers the question of workings of the property market in relation to housing and rent. The readings suggest that specific political, socio‐economic, and ecological context of each city shaped much of the deliberations and responses to the emergence and consolidation of a property regime.
Relationship between sensory and chemical properties of Assam green teas under different pan‐firing and rolling time conditions
Authors: Tongsai Saynamphung , Jangchud Kamolwan , Jangchud Anuvat , Tepsongkroh Benjarat , Boonbumrung Sumitra , Prinyawiwatkul Witoon
Published: February 2022

Assam green tea possesses health benefits and aromatic compounds in the tea leaves. Effects of pan‐firing time (0, 5, and 10 min) and rolling time (0, 2, and 4 min) on chemical and antioxidant properties and sensory descriptive analysis of Assam green tea were investigated. Increasing pan‐firing time increased total phenolic content (TPC), total catechin content, and antioxidant activity (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picprylhydrazyl (DPPH), (2,2′‐azinobis)‐3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP)) values, whereas increasing rolling time tended to decrease such chemical properties. There were four categories of volatile functional groups analysed by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) during green tea preparation, including aldehyde, alcohol, furan, and ether. A sensory lexicon consisting of ten attributes developed by trained descriptive panellists showed a significant relationship with chemical properties. The green tea under pan‐firing process expressed bitter taste, total catechin, TPC, and antioxidant activity. These active chemical compounds and critical sensory attributes of drinking green tea could potentially be beneficial for healthy beverage production.
Evaluation of pleural fluid cytology for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Pairman Lorna , Beckert Lutz E. L. , Dagger Mark , Maze Michael J.
Published: February 2022

Background

Cytological examination of pleural fluid has good specificity, but imperfect sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE). Published estimates of sensitivity vary and predictors of false negative cytology are not well established.

Aims

To estimate pleural fluid cytology sensitivity and identify risk factors for false negative cytology.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who had cytology testing of pleural fluid at Christchurch Hospital, New Zealand, from July 2017 to October 2019. Data on clinical and pleural fluid characteristics were collected. MPE was defined by positive pleural fluid cytology, tissue histology or multidisciplinary meeting consensus. We estimated sensitivity of the first pleural cytology assessment. We performed multivariate logistic regression to ascertain patient groups at greatest risk of false negative results.

Results

Initial pleural fluid cytology was diagnostic in 117 of 156 patients, providing a sensitivity (95% confidence interval (CI)) of 75.0% (67.4–81.6%). The sensitivity was 79.0% (66.8–88.3%) for lung cancer, 91.3% (72.0–98.9%) for breast cancer and 33.3% (95% CI 11.8–61.6%) for mesothelioma. Cloudy appearance of pleural fluid (odds ratio (OR) 0.12; 95% CI 0.03–0.54) and yellow/gold pleural fluid (OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.06–0.96) reduced the odds of false negative pleural cytology. Pleural thickening on computed tomography scan (OR 3.3; 95% CI 1.2–9.4) was a risk factor for false negative cytology.

Conclusion

Sensitivity of pleural fluid cytology was greatest in primary lung and breast cancer, and lowest in mesothelioma. Clinicians should be alert to false negative results when suspecting mesothelioma or if pleural thickening is present.
Precarious labour in Mpumalanga, South Africa: A case study of informally employed day labourers in Mbombela and Emalahleni
Authors: Blaauw Derick , Pretorius Anmar , Schenck Catherina , Matthee Marianne
Published: February 2022

Precarious employment is becoming more prevalent again in the developed world while being widespread in developing economies. Day labour is precarious wage work that is emerging and re‐emerging in the global North and South. Within the global South context, we explore the socio‐economic and labour market outcomes of day labourers in Mpumalanga. A comparable multi‐case study research design reveals day labourers’ precarious existence: low and uncertain incomes, struggle to provide for dependents, low levels of subjective well‐being and structural vulnerability. The results reflect differences between a more diversified economy (Mbombela) and one subject to the mining industry's boom and bust cycles (Emalahleni). Social policy must be reconsidered to adhere to the South African government's developmental state vision.
Rapid rehabilitation effect on complications, wound infection, anastomotic leak, obstruction, and hospital re‐admission for gastrointestinal surgery subjects: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Lixiu , He Lihuang , Qiu Afang , Zhang Min
Published: February 2022

We performed a meta‐analysis to evaluate the effect of rapid rehabilitation on the curative effect of gastrointestinal surgery subjects. A systematic literature search up to October 2021 was done and 31 studies included 4448 subjects with gastrointestinal surgery at the start of the study: 2242 of them were provided with rapid rehabilitation and 2206 were standard care. They were reporting relationships about the effect of rapid rehabilitation on the curative effect of gastrointestinal surgery subjects. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the effect of rapid rehabilitation on the curative effect of gastrointestinal surgery subjects using the dichotomous method with a random‐ or fixed‐effect model. Rapid rehabilitation had significantly lower complications (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.54‐0.71, P < .001) and wound infection (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.98, P = .03) compared with standard care in subjects with gastrointestinal surgery. However, rapid rehabilitation had no significant effect on the anastomotic leak (OR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.66‐1.22, P = .49), obstruction (OR, 0.92; 95% CI, −0.64 to 1.31, P = .65), and hospital re‐admission (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.57‐1.08, P = .13) compared with standard care in subjects with gastrointestinal surgery. Rapid rehabilitation had significantly lower complications and wound infection, and had no significant effect on the anastomotic leak, obstruction, and hospital re‐admission compared with standard care in subjects with gastrointestinal surgery. Further studies are required to validate these findings.
Randomized controlled clinical trial comparing guided bone regeneration of peri‐implant defects with soft‐type block versus particulate bone substitutes: Six‐month results of hard‐tissue changes
Authors: Benic Goran I. , Bienz Stefan P. , Song Young Woo , Cha Jae‐Kook , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Jung Ui‐Won , Jung Ronald E.
Published: February 2022

Aim

To test whether soft‐type block bone substitute used for guided bone regeneration (GBR) of peri‐implant defects leads to a different dimension of the augmented hard tissue than particulate bone substitute.

Materials and Methods

In 40 patients, 40 two‐piece dental implants were placed >2 months after tooth extraction. Following random allocation, 20 peri‐implant bone dehiscences were grafted with a soft‐type block made of synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) + collagen and 20 bone dehiscences with particulate BCP. All the sites were covered with a collagen membrane stabilized with titanium pins. Immediately after wound closure and after 6 months, the horizontal dimension (HD) of the augmented hard tissue was measured at the level of implant shoulder using cone beam computed tomography. During re‐entry at 6 months, the defect fill was clinically assessed.

Results

At 6 months, the median HD measured 1.15 mm (mean: 1.31 mm) in the soft‐block group and 0.93 mm (mean: 1.05 mm) in the particulate group (p = .6). At 6 months, 7.1% of contained defects and 61.9% of non‐contained defects showed an incomplete vertical defect fill.

Conclusions

Soft‐type block of BCP + collagen used for GBR of peri‐implant defects did not differ from particulate BCP regarding the dimension of the augmented hard tissue after 6 months of healing.
Effects of hydrothermal pretreatments on thermodynamic and technological properties of red bean starch
Authors: Almeida Raphael Lucas Jacinto , Santos Newton Carlos , da Silva Gabriel Monteiro , Feitoza João Vitor Fonseca , de Alcântara Silva Virgínia Mirtes , de Alcântara Ribeiro Victor Herbert , da Silva Eduardo Raphael , de Sousa Muniz Cecília Elisa
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of hydrothermal pretreatments (HPs) on the thermodynamic and technological properties of red bean starch. The HP chosen included cooking and autoclaving processes and were applied to beans and red bean starches. To obtain powdered starch, the starch pastes were dried at temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C in an electric oven with 1,200 W. The diffusion model with boundary condition of the third type was fitted to the experimental data and the thermodynamic properties were calculated. The starches obtained were analyzed for extraction yield, color, and technological properties (apparent viscosity, X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), and DSC). Effective diffusivity values ranged from 7.621 × 10−9 to 9.815 × 10−5 m2 min−1, which reduced drying time by up to 480 min. Starches submitted to HP showed a decrease in activation energy and an increase in Gibbs free energy. It was observed that for an extraction yield >30%, the highest values were found for the treatments submitted to 70°C, especially for the starch submitted to cooking (SC). Red bean starch presented type A crystalline structure, where its crystallinity index ranged from (27.32%–33.41%) and thermal properties were affected by the application of HPs. Using autoclave HP in starch, it is possible to reduce process costs by reducing drying time, as well as changing the crystal structure and thermal properties.

Practical Applications

The results obtained contribute to optimize the hydrothermal modification using autoclave and cooking in the grains and starch of several cereals. The HP technique influenced the drying time, consequently reducing the cost of the process. The rheological, thermal, and structural properties were affected, thus being considered a viable treatment for starch modification for large‐scale application, due to the technique being easy to handle, low investment, and not using reagents harmful to the environment.
The digiti quinti sign in hemiplegic migraine: An fMRI study
Authors: da Silva Rafaela V. B. , Sanchez Tiago Arruda , Gama Tamires Morett , Fontana Ana P. , Gasparetto Emerson L. , Vincent Maurice B.
Published: February 2022

Background and Purpose

The digiti quinti sign (DQS) consists of a wider angle between the fourth and fifth fingers (ANG) indicative of subtle hemiparesis that has been found interictally in hemiplegic migraine (HM), suggesting a permanent subtle motor dysfunction. The aim of this study was to find a possible cortical origin for the DQS using blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) functional (f) MRI.

Methods

Eight HM patients and 13 controls entered the cross‐sectional study. We examined hand dominance, performed handgrip tests with dynamometry, documented the DQS graphically in two consecutive sessions, and used BOLD‐fMRI during a motor task specifically designed to measure the evoked activation in the motor cortex (M1). The brain activation at the symptomatic side was compared with the contralateral hemisphere and with both correspondent hemispheres in controls.

Results

Subjects had a normal neurological examination, except for DQS in all HM patients. The activation amplitude (beta values) and the cluster extension (mm3) of the activation area in M1 was smaller at the affected side. Besides, the cluster extension correlated negatively with the disease time span. The ANG was wider bilaterally in patients and the fMRI signals were reduced in the patient's group.

Conclusion

The DQS, a relevant clinical finding in HM, indicates a disrupted cortical activation.