bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Analysis Reporting Guidelines
Authors: Kruschke John K.
Published: August 2021

Previous surveys of the literature have shown that reports of statistical analyses often lack important information, causing lack of transparency and failure of reproducibility. Editors and authors agree that guidelines for reporting should be encouraged. This Review presents a set of Bayesian analysis reporting guidelines (BARG). The BARG encompass the features of previous guidelines, while including many additional details for contemporary Bayesian analyses, with explanations. An extensive example of applying the BARG is presented. The BARG should be useful to researchers, authors, reviewers, editors, educators and students. Utilization, endorsement and promotion of the BARG may improve the quality, transparency and reproducibility of Bayesian analyses.
Dynamics of a vibration-driven single disk
Authors: Guan Liyang , Tian Li , Hou Meiying , Han Yilong
Published: August 2021

Granular particles exhibit rich collective behaviors on vibration beds, but the motion of an isolated particle is not well understood even for uniform particles with a simple shape such as disks or spheres. Here we measured the motion of a single disk confined to a quasi-two-dimensional horizontal box on a vertically vibrating stage. The translational displacements obey compressed exponential distributions whose exponent $$\beta$$
β
increases with the frequency, while the rotational displacements exhibit unimodal distributions at low frequencies and bimodal distributions at high frequencies. During short time intervals, the translational displacements are subdiffusive and negatively correlated, while the rotational displacements are superdiffusive and positively correlated. After prolonged periods, the rotational displacements become diffusive and their correlations decay to zero. Both the rotational and the translational displacements exhibit white noise at low frequencies, and blue noise for translational motions and Brownian noise for rotational motions at high frequencies. The translational kinetic energy obeys Boltzmann distribution while the rotational kinetic energy deviates from it. Most energy is distributed in translational motions at low frequencies and in rotational motions at high frequencies, which violates the equipartition theorem. Translational and rotational motions are not correlated. These experimental results show that the random diffusion of such driven particles is distinct from thermal motion in both the translational and rotational degrees of freedom, which poses new challenges to theory. The results cast new light on the motion of individual particles and the collective motion of driven granular particles.
Characterization of the virome associated with Haemagogus mosquitoes in Trinidad, West Indies
Authors: Ali Renee , Jayaraj Jayaraman , Mohammed Azad , Chinnaraja Chinnadurai , Carrington Christine V. F. , Severson David W. , Ramsubhag Adesh
Published: August 2021

Currently, there are increasing concerns about the possibility of a new epidemic due to emerging reports of Mayaro virus (MAYV) fever outbreaks in areas of South and Central America. Haemagogus mosquitoes, the primary sylvan vectors of MAYV are poorly characterized and a better understanding of the mosquito’s viral transmission dynamics and interactions with MAYV and other microorganisms would be important in devising effective control strategies. In this study, a metatranscriptomic based approach was utilized to determine the prevalence of RNA viruses in field-caught mosquitoes morphologically identified as Haemagogus janthinomys from twelve (12) forest locations in Trinidad, West Indies. Known insect specific viruses including the Phasi Charoen-like and Humaiata-Tubiacanga virus dominated the virome of the mosquitoes throughout sampling locations while other viruses such as the avian leukosis virus, MAYV and several unclassified viruses had a narrower distribution. Additionally, assembled contigs from the Ecclesville location suggests the presence of a unique uncharacterized picorna-like virus. Mapping of RNA sequencing reads to reference mitochondrial sequences of potential feeding host animals showed hits against avian and rodent sequences, which putatively adds to the growing body of evidence of a potentially wide feeding host-range for the Haemagogus mosquito vector.
The Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens type III effector NopE modulates the regulation of plant hormones towards nodulation in Vigna radiata
Authors: Piromyou Pongdet , Nguyen Hien P. , Songwattana Pongpan , Boonchuen Pakpoom , Teamtisong Kamonluck , Tittabutr Panlada , Boonkerd Nantakorn , Alisha Tantasawat Piyada , Göttfert Michael , Okazaki Shin , Teaumroong Neung
Published: August 2021

Host-specific legume-rhizobium symbiosis is strictly controlled by rhizobial type III effectors (T3Es) in some cases. Here, we demonstrated that the symbiosis of Vigna radiata (mung bean) with Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 is determined by NopE, and this symbiosis is highly dependent on host genotype. NopE specifically triggered incompatibility with V. radiata cv. KPS2, but it promoted nodulation in other varieties of V. radiata, including KPS1. Interestingly, NopE1 and its paralogue NopE2, which exhibits calcium-dependent autocleavage, yield similar results in modulating KPS1 nodulation. Furthermore, NopE is required for early infection and nodule organogenesis in compatible plants. Evolutionary analysis revealed that NopE is highly conserved among bradyrhizobia and plant-associated endophytic and pathogenic bacteria. Our findings suggest that V. radiata and B. diazoefficiens USDA110 may use NopE to optimize their symbiotic interactions by reducing phytohormone-mediated ETI-type (PmETI) responses via salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis suppression.
Multi-muscle deep learning segmentation to automate the quantification of muscle fat infiltration in cervical spine conditions
Authors: Weber Kenneth A. , Abbott Rebecca , Bojilov Vivie , Smith Andrew C. , Wasielewski Marie , Hastie Trevor J. , Parrish Todd B. , Mackey Sean , Elliott James M.
Published: August 2021

Muscle fat infiltration (MFI) has been widely reported across cervical spine disorders. The quantification of MFI requires time-consuming and rater-dependent manual segmentation techniques. A convolutional neural network (CNN) model was trained to segment seven cervical spine muscle groups (left and right muscles segmented separately, 14 muscles total) from Dixon MRI scans (n = 17, 17 scans < 2 weeks post motor vehicle collision (MVC), and 17 scans 12 months post MVC). The CNN MFI measures demonstrated high test reliability and accuracy in an independent testing dataset (n = 18, 9 scans < 2 weeks post MVC, and 9 scans 12 months post MVC). Using the CNN in 84 participants with scans < 2 weeks post MVC (61 females, 23 males, age = 34.2 ± 10.7 years) differences in MFI between the muscle groups and relationships between MFI and sex, age, and body mass index (BMI) were explored. Averaging across all muscles, females had significantly higher MFI than males (p = 0.026). The deep cervical muscles demonstrated significantly greater MFI than the more superficial muscles (p < 0.001), and only MFI within the deep cervical muscles was moderately correlated to age (r > 0.300, p ≤ 0.001). CNN’s allow for the accurate and rapid, quantitative assessment of the composition of the architecturally complex muscles traversing the cervical spine. Acknowledging the wider reports of MFI in cervical spine disorders and the time required to manually segment the individual muscles, this CNN may have diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive value in disorders of the cervical spine.
Demonstration of Shor’s factoring algorithm for N $$=$$ 21 on IBM quantum processors
Authors: Skosana Unathi , Tame Mark
Published: August 2021

We report a proof-of-concept demonstration of a quantum order-finding algorithm for factoring the integer 21. Our demonstration involves the use of a compiled version of the quantum phase estimation routine, and builds upon a previous demonstration. We go beyond this work by using a configuration of approximate Toffoli gates with residual phase shifts, which preserves the functional correctness and allows us to achieve a complete factoring of $$N=21$$

N
=
21

. We implemented the algorithm on IBM quantum processors using only five qubits and successfully verified the presence of entanglement between the control and work register qubits, which is a necessary condition for the algorithm’s speedup in general. The techniques we employ may be useful in carrying out Shor’s algorithm for larger integers, or other algorithms in systems with a limited number of noisy qubits.
Development and characterization of probiotic mucilage based edible films for the preservation of fruits and vegetables
Authors: Davachi Seyed Mohammad , Pottackal Neethu , Torabi Hooman , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: August 2021

There is growing interest among the public and scientific community toward the use of probiotics to potentially restore the composition of the gut microbiome. With the aim of preparing eco-friendly probiotic edible films, we explored the addition of probiotics to the seed mucilage films of quince, flax, and basil. These mucilages are natural and compatible blends of different polysaccharides that have demonstrated medical benefits. All three seed mucilage films exhibited high moisture retention regardless of the presence of probiotics, which is needed to help preserve the moisture/freshness of food. Films from flax and quince mucilage were found to be more thermally stable and mechanically robust with higher elastic moduli and elongation at break than basil mucilage films. These films effectively protected fruits against UV light, maintaining the probiotics viability and inactivation rate during storage. Coated fruits and vegetables retained their freshness longer than uncoated produce, while quince-based probiotic films showed the best mechanical, physical, morphological and bacterial viability. This is the first report of the development, characterization and production of 100% natural mucilage-based probiotic edible coatings with enhanced barrier properties for food preservation applications containing probiotics.
TPPU treatment of burned mice dampens inflammation and generation of bioactive DHET which impairs neutrophil function
Authors: Bergmann Christian B. , Hammock Bruce D. , Wan Debin , Gogolla Falk , Goetzman Holly , Caldwell Charles C. , Supp Dorothy M.
Published: August 2021

Oxylipins modulate the behavior of immune cells in inflammation. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) converts anti-inflammatory epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EET) to dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (DHET). An sEH-inhibitor, TPPU, has been demonstrated to ameliorate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and sepsis-induced inflammation via EETs. The immunomodulatory role of DHET is not well characterized. We hypothesized that TPPU dampens inflammation and that sEH-derived DHET alters neutrophil functionality in burn induced inflammation. Outbred mice were treated with vehicle, TPPU or 14,15-DHET and immediately subjected to either sham or dorsal scald 28% total body surface area burn injury. After 6 and 24 h, interleukin 6 (IL-6) serum levels and neutrophil activation were analyzed. For in vitro analyses, bone marrow derived neutrophil functionality and mRNA expression were examined. In vivo, 14,15-DHET and IL-6 serum concentrations were decreased after burn injury with TPPU administration. In vitro, 14,15-DHET impaired neutrophil chemotaxis, acidification, CXCR1/CXCR2 expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the latter independent from p38MAPK and PI3K signaling. We conclude that TPPU administration decreases DHET post-burn. Furthermore, DHET downregulates key neutrophil immune functions and mRNA expression. Altogether, these data reveal that TPPU not only increases anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving EET levels, but also prevents potential impairment of neutrophils by DHET in trauma.
Ectopic expression of a novel cold-resistance protein 1 from Brassica oleracea promotes tolerance to chilling stress in transgenic tomato
Authors: Wani Umer Majeed , Majeed Sheikh Tahir , Raja Vaseem , Wani Zubair Ahmad , Jan Nelofer , Andrabi Khursid Iqbal , John Riffat
Published: August 2021

Cold stress is considered as one of the major environmental factors that adversely affects the plant growth and distribution. Therefore, there arises an immediate need to cultivate effective strategies aimed at developing stress-tolerant crops that would boost the production and minimise the risks associated with cold stress. In this study, a novel cold-responsive protein1 (BoCRP1) isolated fromBrassica oleraceawas ectopically expressed in a cold susceptible tomato genotype Shalimar 1 and its function was investigated in response to chilling stress.BoCRP1was constitutively expressed in all the tissues ofB. oleraceaincluding leaf, root and stem. However, its expression was found to be significantly increased in response to cold stress. Moreover, transgenic tomato plants expressingBoCRP1exhibited increased tolerance to chilling stress (4 °C) with an overall improved rate of seed germination, increased root length, reduced membrane damage and increased accumulation of osmoprotectants. Furthermore, we observed increased transcript levels of stress responsive genes and enhanced accumulation of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes in transgenic plants on exposure to chilling stress. Taken together, these results strongly suggest thatBoCRP1is a promising candidate gene to improve the cold stress tolerance in tomato.
Gait change in tongue movement
Authors: Derrick Donald , Gick Bryan
Published: August 2021

During locomotion, humans switch gaits from walking to running, and horses from walking to trotting to cantering to galloping, as they increase their movement rate. It is unknown whether gait change leading to a wider movement rate range is limited to locomotive-type behaviours, or instead is a general property of any rate-varying motor system. The tongue during speech provides a motor system that can address this gap. In controlled speech experiments, using phrases containing complex tongue-movement sequences, we demonstrate distinct gaits in tongue movement at different speech rates. As speakers widen their tongue-front displacement range, they gain access to wider speech-rate ranges. At the widest displacement ranges, speakers also produce categorically different patterns for their slowest and fastest speech. Speakers with the narrowest tongue-front displacement ranges show one stable speech-gait pattern, and speakers with widest ranges show two. Critical fluctuation analysis of tongue motion over the time-course of speech revealed these speakers used greater effort at the beginning of phrases—such end-state-comfort effects indicate speech planning. Based on these findings, we expect that categorical motion solutions may emerge in any motor system, providing that system with access to wider movement-rate ranges.
Observation and analysis of diving beetle movements while swimming
Authors: Qi Debo , Zhang Chengchun , He Jingwei , Yue Yongli , Wang Jing , Xiao Dunhui
Published: August 2021

The fast swimming speed, flexible cornering, and high propulsion efficiency of diving beetles are primarily achieved by their two powerful hind legs. Unlike other aquatic organisms, such as turtle, jellyfish, fish and frog et al., the diving beetle could complete retreating motion without turning around, and the turning radius is small for this kind of propulsion mode. However, most bionic vehicles have not contained these advantages, the study about this propulsion method is useful for the design of bionic robots. In this paper, the swimming videos of the diving beetle, including forwarding, turning and retreating, were captured by two synchronized high-speed cameras, and were analyzed via SIMI Motion. The analysis results revealed that the swimming speed initially increased quickly to a maximum at 60% of the power stroke, and then decreased. During the power stroke, the diving beetle stretched its tibias and tarsi, the bristles on both sides of which were shaped like paddles, to maximize the cross-sectional areas against the water to achieve the maximum thrust. During the recovery stroke, the diving beetle rotated its tarsi and folded the bristles to minimize the cross-sectional areas to reduce the drag force. For one turning motion (turn right about 90 degrees), it takes only one motion cycle for the diving beetle to complete it. During the retreating motion, the average acceleration was close to 9.8 m/s2in the first 25 ms. Finally, based on the diving beetle's hind-leg movement pattern, a kinematic model was constructed, and according to this model and the motion data of the joint angles, the motion trajectories of the hind legs were obtained by using MATLAB. Since the advantages of this propulsion method, it may become a new bionic propulsion method, and the motion data and kinematic model of the hind legs will be helpful in the design of bionic underwater unmanned vehicles.
Molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer drug, LY2874455, in overcoming the FGFR4 mutation-based resistance
Authors: Dehghanian Fariba , Alavi Shahryar
Published: August 2021

In recent years, many strategies have been used to overcome the fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) resistance caused by different mutations. LY2874455 (or 6LF) is a pan-FGFR inhibitor which is identified as the most efficient TKI for all resistant mutations in FGFRs. Here, we perform a comparative dynamics study of wild type (WT) and the FGFR4 V550L mutant for better understanding of the 6LF inhibition mechanism. Our results confirm that the pan-FGFR inhibitor 6LF can bind efficiently to both WT and V550L FGFR4. Moreover, the communication network analysis indicates that in apo-WT FGFR4, αD–αE loop behaves like a switch between open and close states of the substrate-binding pocket in searching of its ligand. In contrast, V550L mutation induces the active conformation of the FGFR4 substrate-binding pocket through disruption of αD–αE loop and αG helix anti-correlation. Interestingly, 6LF binding causes the rigidity of hinge and αD helix regions, which results in overcoming V550L induced resistance. Collectively, the results of this study would be informative for designing more efficient TKIs for more effective targeting of the FGFR signaling pathway.
Realization of macroscopic ratchet effect based on nonperiodic and uneven potentials
Authors: Rollano V. , Gomez A. , Muñoz-Noval A. , Velez M. , de Ory M. C. , Menghini M. , Gonzalez E. M. , Vicent J. L.
Published: August 2021

Ratchet devices allow turning an ac input signal into a dc output signal. A ratchet device is set by moving particles driven by zero averages forces on asymmetric potentials. Hybrid nanostructures combining artificially fabricated spin ice nanomagnet arrays with superconducting films have been identified as a good choice to develop ratchet nanodevices. In the current device, the asymmetric potentials are provided by charged Néel walls located in the vertices of spin ice magnetic honeycomb array, whereas the role of moving particles is played by superconducting vortices. We have experimentally obtained ratchet effect for different spin ice I configurations and for vortex lattice moving parallel or perpendicular to magnetic easy axes. Remarkably, the ratchet magnitudes are similar in all the experimental runs; i. e. different spin ice I configurations and in both relevant directions of the vortex lattice motion. We have simulated the interplay between vortex motion directions and a single asymmetric potential. It turns out vortices interact with uneven asymmetric potentials, since they move with trajectories crossing charged Néel walls with different orientations. Moreover, we have found out the asymmetric pair potentials which generate the local ratchet effect. In this rocking ratchet the particles (vortices) on the move are interacting each other (vortex lattice); therefore, the ratchet local effect turns into a global macroscopic effect. In summary, this ratchet device benefits from interacting particles moving in robust and topological protected type I spin ice landscapes.
Uranium carbonate complexes demonstrate drastic decrease in stability at elevated temperatures
Authors: Kalintsev Alexander , Migdisov Artas , Alcorn Christopher , Baker Jason , Brugger Joël , Mayanovic Robert A. , Akram Nadib , Guo Xiaofeng , Xu Hongwu , Boukhalfa Hakim , Caporuscio Florie A. , Viswanathan Hari , Jove-Colon Carlos , Wang Yifeng , Matteo Edward , Roback Robert
Published: August 2021

Quantitative understanding of uranium transport by high temperature fluids is crucial for confident assessment of its migration in a number of natural and artificially induced contexts, such as hydrothermal uranium ore deposits and nuclear waste stored in geological repositories. An additional recent and atypical context would be the seawater inundated fuel of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Given its wide applicability, understanding uranium transport will be useful regardless of whether nuclear power finds increased or decreased adoption in the future. The amount of uranium that can be carried by geofluids is enhanced by the formation of complexes with inorganic ligands. Carbonate has long been touted as a critical transporting ligand for uranium in both ore deposit and waste repository contexts. However, this paradigm has only been supported by experiments conducted at ambient conditions. We have experimentally evaluated the ability of carbonate-bearing fluids to dissolve (and therefore transport) uranium at high temperature, and discovered that in fact, at temperatures above 100 °C, carbonate becomes almost completely irrelevant as a transporting ligand. This demands a re-evaluation of a number of hydrothermal uranium transport models, as carbonate can no longer be considered key to the formation of uranium ore deposits or as an enabler of uranium transport from nuclear waste repositories at elevated temperatures.
Multiple thresholds and trajectories of microbial biodiversity predicted across browning gradients by neural networks and decision tree learning
Authors: Fontaine Laurent , Khomich Maryia , Andersen Tom , Hessen Dag O , Rasconi Serena , Davey Marie L , Eiler Alexander
Published: August 2021

Ecological association studies often assume monotonicity such as between biodiversity and environmental properties although there is growing evidence that nonmonotonic relations dominate in nature. Here, we apply machine-learning algorithms to reveal the nonmonotonic association between microbial diversity and an anthropogenic-induced large-scale change, the browning of freshwaters, along a longitudinal gradient covering 70 boreal lakes in Scandinavia. Measures of bacterial richness and evenness (alpha-diversity) showed nonmonotonic trends in relation to environmental gradients, peaking at intermediate levels of browning. Depending on the statistical methods, variables indicative for browning could explain 5% of the variance in bacterial community composition (beta-diversity) when applying standard methods assuming monotonic relations and up to 45% with machine-learning methods taking non-monotonicity into account. This non-monotonicity observed at the community level was explained by the complex interchangeable nature of individual taxa responses as shown by a high degree of nonmonotonic responses of individual bacterial sequence variants to browning. Furthermore, the nonmonotonic models provide the position of thresholds and predict alternative bacterial diversity trajectories in boreal freshwater as a result of ongoing climate and land-use changes, which in turn will affect entire ecosystem metabolism and likely greenhouse gas production.
Properties and Reactivities of Metal Complexes Within Organic Nanocontainers
Authors: Borsato G. , Fabris F. , Scarso A.
Published: August 2021

As with metalloenzymes, where the particular nanoenvironment provided by the organic peptide scaffold around the metal centre alters significantly its properties in catalysis, the combination of metal complexes with artificial organic hosts provides new solvation effects that heavily alter their physicochemical properties. This contribution covers relevant examples of interaction between metal complexes and their purely organic unimolecular hosts, like cucurbiturils, cyclodextrins, resorcinarene cavitands, as well as self-assembling capsules formed through hydrogen bonds or the hydrophobic effect, either in organic solvents or in water. We focus on the unique properties experienced by the encapsulated metal complex in comparison with the same free species in solution.
Rapid antibody diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2 adaptive immune response
Authors: Afzal Adeel , Iqbal Naseer , Feroz Saima , Ali Asghar , Ehsan Muhammad Ali , Khan Safyan Akram , Rehman Abdul
Published: August 2021

The emergence of a pandemic scale respiratory illness (COVID-19) and the lack of the world's readiness to prevent its spread resulted in an unprecedented rise of biomedical diagnostic industries, as they took lead to provide efficient diagnostic solutions for COVID-19.
Recent progress in nanotechnology-based drug carriers for celastrol delivery
Authors: Guo Ling , Zhang Yongping , Al-Jamal Khuloud T.
Published: August 2021

Various types of celastrol nanoformulations have been developed to treat a number of disorders, including cancer, inflammatory, auto-immune, obesity.
Novel metal–organic frameworks assembled from the combination of polynitro-pyrazole and 5-nitroamine-1,2,4-oxadiazole: synthesis, structure and thermal properties
Authors: Yang Feng , Xu Yuangang , Wang Pengcheng , Lin Qiuhan , Lu Ming
Published: August 2021

Based on N-(5-amino-3,4-dinitropyrazole)methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazole-5-nitroamine, two types of 3D energetic MOFs with high energy performance and good thermal stability are obtained.
Simple synthesis of [Ru(CO3)(NHC)(p-cymene)] complexes and their use in transfer hydrogenation catalysis
Authors: Ma Xinyuan , Guillet Sébastien G. , Liu Yaxu , Cazin Catherine S. J. , Nolan Steven P.
Published: August 2021

A novel, efficient and facile protocol for the synthesis of a series of [Ru(NHC)(CO3)(p-cymene)] complexes is reported.
Effect of kaolin pre-treatment method and NaOH levels on the structure and properties of kaolin-derived faujasite zeolites
Authors: Otieno Stephen , Kowenje Chrispin , Kengara Fredrick , Mokaya Robert
Published: August 2021

The zeolite type prepared from kaolin depends on the mode of fusion of the clay with zeolite Y and X generated, respectively, from partial or full fusion. Wet mixing of clay with NaOH followed by dry fusion optimises formation of zeolite X.
Correction: NIR laser scanning microscopy for photophysical characterization of upconversion nanoparticles and nanohybrids
Authors: Ferrera-González Juan , Francés-Soriano Laura , Estébanez Nestor , Navarro-Raga Enrique , González-Béjar María , Pérez-Prieto Julia
Published: August 2021

Correction for ‘NIR laser scanning microscopy for photophysical characterization of upconversion nanoparticles and nanohybrids’ by Juan Ferrera-González et al., Nanoscale, 2021, 13, 10067–10080, DOI: 10.1039/D1NR00389E.
On-demand shape transformation of polymer vesicles via site-specific isomerization of hydrazone photoswitches in monodisperse hydrophobic oligomers
Authors: Wang Valene , Kim Jiwon , Kim Junyoung , Lee Seul Woo , Kim Kyoung Taek
Published: August 2021

Stimuli-responsive polymersomes exhibited reversible shape transformation upon irradiation with UV or visible light due to the E–Z isomerization of the hydrazone-based photoswitch resulting in a conformational change of the OPLA block.
Highly efficient deep-blue fluorescent OLEDs based on anthracene derivatives with a triplet–triplet annihilation mechanism
Authors: Wu Zilong , Song Shaoxin , Zhu Xiangyu , Chen Hao , Chi Jiajin , Ma Dongge , Zhao Zujin , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: August 2021

New deep-blue molecules compromised of tert-butyl modified anthracene, p-benzonitrile, and carbazole derivatives provide external quantum yields of 7.03% and 7.28% in non-doped and doped deep-blue OLEDs, respectively.
Gibbosolide A, a highly functionalized 20-membered macrolide with a terminal cis-fused 2-methylhexahydro-2H-furo[3,2-b]pyran motif: insights into late-stage cyclization of marine macrolides
Authors: Wu Jun , Jiang Zhong-Ping , Yan Ren-Jie , Sun Shi-Hao , Yu Yi , Shen Li
Published: August 2021

The planar structure and absolute configuration of a sailboat-shaped marine macrolide, featuring twelve carbon stereocenters and a cis-fused ether ring juncture, were unambiguously established by a combined approach of chemistry and spectroscopy.
Allosteric binding of sodium deoxycholate by a bis(β-cyclodextrin)-2,2′-bipyridine receptor
Authors: Hoffrichter Gabriel , Lützen Arne
Published: August 2021

The allosteric effect of a new bis(β-cyclodextrin) receptor amounts to a more than 18-fold increase of its binding affinity towards sodium deoxycholate upon addition of a zinc(ii) phenanthroline complex as an effector.
Rapid in-plate screening of biotransformation products in single zebrafish embryos
Authors: Ribbenstedt Anton , Benskin Jonathan P.
Published: August 2021

A procedure was developed for rapid screening of xenobiotic biotransformation products (bioTPs) in single zebrafish (ZF; Danio rerio) embryos.
Highly selective fluorescent turn-on–off sensing of OH−, Al3+ and Fe3+ ions by tuning ESIPT in metal organic frameworks and mitochondria targeted bio-imaging
Authors: Bhowal Soumya , Ghosh Arijit
Published: August 2021

ESIPT tuned fluorescence sensing of OH−, Al3+ and Fe3+ ions and mitochondria targeted bio-imaging by a Zn-DHNDC MOF.
Effects of the NiFe2O4 nanoadditive on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines: ultrasonic green synthesis by T3 hormone
Authors: Mandizadeh Samira , Amiri Omid , Salavati-Niasari Masoud
Published: August 2021

In the present study, nanocrystals are synthesized by the ultrasonic method in different morphologies with T3 hormone as a template. Different parameters are investigated for the synthesis of nanostructures.
Effect of free amino acids and peptide hydrolysates from sunflower seed protein on the formation of pyrazines under different heating conditions
Authors: Wang Furong , Shen Hailiang , Yang Xi , Liu Ting , Yang Yali , Zhou Xueru , Zhao Pengtao , Guo Yurong
Published: August 2021

Exploring the effect of heating temperature and time on the formation of pyrazines; revealing the potential roles of FAAs and hydrolyzed sunflower seed peptides in the Maillard reaction model.
Kinetics of furfural electrochemical hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis in acidic media on copper
Authors: May Andrew S. , Watt Steven M. , Biddinger Elizabeth J.
Published: August 2021

This article reports the competing kinetics and insights into the mechanisms of the electrochemical hydrogenation and hydrogenolysis of furfural to furfuryl alcohol and 2-methylfuran.
Methanol fuel production from solar-assisted supercritical water gasification of algae: a techno-economic annual optimisation
Authors: Rahbari Alireza , Shirazi Alec , Pye John
Published: August 2021

A microalgae-to-methanol process using solar-thermal energy offers green methanol at 1.6 AUD per L, or less at larger scales. Optimal configurations are strongly affected by the cost of electrolyser hydrogen.
Radio properties of the optically identified supernova remnant G107.0+9.0
Authors: Reich Wolfgang , Gao Xuyang , Reich Patricia
Published: August 2021

Context. The vast majority of Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs) were detected by their synchrotron radio emission. Recently, the evolved SNR G107.0+9.0 with a diameter of about 3° or 75 pc up to 100 pc in size was optically detected with an indication of faint associated radio emission. This SNR requires a detailed radio study.

Aims. We aim to search for radio emission from SNR G107.0+9.0 by analysing new data from the Effelsberg 100-m and the Urumqi 25-m radio telescopes in addition to available radio surveys.

Methods. Radio SNRs outside of the Galactic plane, where confusion is rare, must be very faint if they have not been identified so far. Guided by the Hα emission of G107.0+9.0, we separated its radio emission from the Galactic large-scale emission.

Results. Radio emission from SNR G107.0+9.0 is detected between 22 MHz and 4.8 GHz with a steep non-thermal spectrum, which confirms G107.0+9.0 as an SNR. Its surface brightness is among the lowest known for Galactic SNRs. Polarised emission is clearly detected at 1.4 GHz but is fainter at 4.8 GHz. We interpret the polarised emission as being caused by a Faraday screen associated with G107.0+9.0 and its surroundings. Its ordered magnetic field along the line of sight is below 1 μG. At 4.8 GHz, we identified a depolarised filament along the western periphery of G107.0+9.0 with a magnetic field strength along the line of sight B||~ 15 μG, which requires magnetic field compression.

Conclusions. G107.0+9.0 adds to the currently small number of known, evolved, large-diameter, low-surface-brightness Galactic SNRs. We have shown that such objects can be successfully extracted from radio-continuum surveys despite the dominating large-scale diffuse Galactic emission.
Turbulence in the intragroup and circumgalactic medium
Authors: Schmidt W. , Schmidt J. P. , Grete P.
Published: August 2021

Context. In massive objects, such as galaxy clusters, the turbulent velocity dispersion, σturb, is tightly correlated to both the object mass, M, and the thermal energy.

Aims. Here, we investigate whether these scaling laws extend to lower-mass objects in dark-matter filaments.

Methods. We perform a cosmological zoom-in simulation of a filament using an adaptive filtering technique for the resolved velocity component and a subgrid-scale model to account for the unresolved component. We then compute the mean turbulent and thermal energies for all halos in the zoom-in region and compare different definitions of halo averages. Averaging constrained by density and temperature thresholds is favored over averages solely based on virial spheres.

Results. We find no clear trend for the turbulent velocity dispersion versus halo mass, but significant correlation and a scaling law with exponent α ∼ 0.5 between the turbulent velocity dispersion and thermal energy that agrees with a nearly constant turbulent Mach number, similar to more massive objects.

Conclusions. We conclude that the self-similar energetics proposed for galaxy clusters extends down to the circumgalactic medium of individual galaxies.
Endo-sponge in management of anastomotic colorectal leaks: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Dhindsa Banreet S. , Naga Yassin , Saghir Syed M. , Daid Sarav Gunjit Singh , Chandan Saurabh , Mashiana Harmeet , Dhaliwal Amaninder , Sidhu Abhitej , Sayles Harlan , Ramai Daryl , Bhat Ishfaq , Singh Shailender , McDonough Stephanie , Adler Douglas G.
Published: August 2021

Background and study aims Following colorectal surgery, anastomotic dehiscence and leak formation has an incidence of 2 % to 7 %. Endo-SPONGE has been applied in the management of anastomatic leaks (ALs) after colorectal surgery. This is the first systematic review and meta analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Endo-SPONGE in the management of colorectal ALs.

Patients and methods The primary outcomes assessed were the technical and clinical success of Endo-SPONGE placement in colorectal ALs. The secondary outcomes assessed were the overall adverse events (AEs) and the AE subtypes. Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effects models with 95 % confidence interval (C. I.). The statistical analysis was done using STATA v16.1 software (StataCorp, LLC College Station, Texas, United States).

Results The analysis included 17 independent cohort studies with a total of 384 patients. The rate of technical success was 99.86 % (95 % CI: 99.2 %, 100 %; P = 0.00; I2  = 70.69 %) and the calculated pooled rate of clinical success was 84.99 % (95 % CI: 77.4 %, 91.41 %; P = 0.00; I2  = 68.02 %). The calculated pooled rate of adverse events was 7.6 % (95 % CI: 3.99 %, 12.21 %; P = 0.03; I2  = 42.5 %) with recurrent abscess formation and bleeding being the most common AEs. Moderate to substantial heterogeneity was noted in our meta-analysis.

Conclusions Endoscopic vacuum therapy appears to be a minimally invasive, safe, and effective treatment modality for patients with a significant colorectal leak without any generalized peritonitis with high clinical and technical success rates and a low rate of adverse events. Further prospective or randomized controlled trials are needed to validate our findings.
Successful One and One-half Ventricular Circulation with Bioprosthetic Tricuspid Valve Replacement and Total Chordal Preservation in a Patient with Ebstein’s Anomaly: A Video Presentation
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjwal K. , Singh Sukhjeet , George Niwin , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , Sharan Sandeep , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra , Chauhan Abhinav Singh , Gharde Parag , B. Sushama Gayatri , Sengupta Sanjoy
Published: August 2021

Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare congenital malformation of the right ventricle and tricuspid valve which is characterized by several features that can exhibit an infinite spectrum of malformation.

The abnormalities include: i) adherence of the tricuspid leaflets to the underlying myocardium (failure of delamination); ii) anterior and apical rotational displacement of the functional tricuspid annulus (septal > posterior > anterior leaflet); iii) dilatation of the right atrioventricular junction (the true tricuspid annulus) with variable degrees of hypertrophy and thinning of the wall; iv) dilatation of the “atrialized” portion of the right ventricle; and v) redundancy, fenestration, and tethering of the anterior leaflet.
Transnasal Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy (T-PEG): An Alternative Approach to Conventional PEG Placement
Authors: KV Anudeep , Kalapala Rakesh , Darishetty Santosh , Katamreddy Thejesh , Reddy N. D.
Published: August 2021

Transnasal percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (T-PEG) is a novel endoscopic intervention for enteral nutrition. Peroral endoscopic gastrostomy is widely performed feeding procedure. However, it cannot be done in 4 to 7% of cases with head & neck malignancies. T-PEG is a safe and viable alternative procedure in those patients. T-PEG can be performed in patients with head and neck malignancies, malignant oropharyngeal obstruction, and trismus where oral endoscopy is not feasible.
Fluorescence Guided Surgery
Authors: Stewart Hazel L , Birch David J S
Published: August 2021

Fluorescence guided surgery (FGS) is an imaging technique that allows the surgeon to visualise different structures and types of tissue during a surgical procedure that may not be as visible under white light conditions. Due to the many potential advantages of fluorescence guided surgery compared to more traditional clinical imaging techniques such as its higher contrast and sensitivity, less subjective use, and ease of instrument operation, the research interest in fluorescence guided surgery continues to grow over various key aspects such as fluorescent probe development and surgical system development as well as its potential clinical applications. This review looks to summarise some of the emerging opportunities and developments that have already been made in fluorescence guided surgery in recent years while highlighting its advantages as well as limitations that need to be overcome in order to utilise the full potential of fluorescence within the surgical environment.
Melting glaciers shift Earth’s poles, study suggests
Authors: Johnston Hamish
Published: August 2021

The rotation of the Earth has been affected over the past 25 years by the rapid melting of glaciers caused by climate change
Researchers unveil the physics of the skipping stone
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: August 2021

The physics that allows spinning flat stones to skip across the surface of water has been analysed by researchers in China.
Little progress in US science job diversity, finds report
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: August 2021

Despite considerable growth in science, technology, engineering and maths (STEM) jobs in the US in the past decade, Black and Hispanic workers remain under-represented and underpaid. That is according to analysis by the Pew Research Center.
Ethical hackers worm their way into Fermilab
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: August 2021

A group of “ethical hackers” has obtained access to sensitive systems and proprietary online data hosted by the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in the US after accessing multiple unsecured entry points in late April and early May.
Cosmic microwave background researchers bag cosmology prize
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: August 2021

Three US researchers have won this year’s Gruber Cosmology Prize for “their contributions to methods essential for studying the early universe”.
2020: Europe’s hottest year on record
Authors: Dacey James
Published: August 2021

Last year was the warmest on record for Europe, in part due to an exceptionally warm winter over the north-east of the continent.
Long-term questions
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: August 2021

Why patience is a necessary virtue in physics
Towards a new equality narrative
Authors: Crilly Elizabeth , Voice Alison , Pugh Samantha
Published: August 2021

Valuing and recognizing other sources of technical knowledge – rather than just pure scientific competence – can help to encourage more people from under-represented groups into physics
Imposter intuition
Authors: Prescod-Weinstein Chanda
Published: August 2021

Chanda Prescod-Weinstein explains that intuition in physics can be a social construct, one that is culturally embedded about who is normal and what is intuitive
Nothing ventured…
Authors: McKenzie James
Published: August 2021

In the first of a series of articles about how to start and fund a fledgling business, James McKenzie examines the art of securing money from venture capitalists
Subsidiarity as the Preference for Proximity
Authors: Cahill Maria
Published: August 2021

This article reflects on subsidiarity as the preference for proximity. In doing so, it focuses both on the idea of the preference for proximity and the preference for proximity. The impetus for doing so is Nick Barber’s book The Principles of Constitutionalism, which counts subsidiarity as one of six principles that a constitution should embrace, and which theorizes subsidiarity as a commitment to democracy. This article considers, in Part II, the implications of considering subsidiarity as a preference, and in particular the challenges that creates for the project of adopting subsidiarity as a constitutional principle. It goes on, in Part III, to explore the constitutional principle of subsidiarity proposed by Barber, highlighting unique features of this theory of subsidiarity and evaluating the extent to which, by focusing on subsidiarity as democratic commitment, Barber’s theory provides a viable account of the preference for proximity.
The effects ofStaphylococcus aureusbiofilm conditioned media on 3T3 fibroblasts
Authors: Madden Leigh , Low Shyan Huey , Phillips Anthony R J , Kline Kimberly A , Becker David L
Published: August 2021

Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is the most common bacterial species in chronic wounds. However, there is a lack of understanding of how SA secretions affect the cell biology during the healing process. We studied the effects of biofilm-secretions from SA strain SA29213 on 3T3 fibroblasts. SA29213 is a chronic wound isolate and widely used as a reference strain. We used a series of concentrations of biofilm-conditioned media (BCM) and found 100% BCM is lethal within 10 h. Cells survived in ≤75% BCM but the rate of closure in scratch wound assays was reduced. Treatment with 75% and 50% BCM caused fibroblasts to change shape and develop dendrite like processes. Prolonged treatment with 75% and 50% BCM reduced cell proliferation and increased the 4n deoxyribonucleic acid cell population with cell cycle arrest. There was also an elevation in the senescence marker beta galactosidase and the number of multinucleated cells. Shorter treatments with 75% and 50% SA BCM caused an increase in cell–cell adhesion and a redistribution of β-catenin from the cell membrane to the cytoplasm along with a change in the appearance and decrease in size of ZO-1, vinculin and paxillin structures. Fibroblasts in the edge of chronic wounds exposed to the secretions of SA may suffer similar effects such as induction of senescence, reduced proliferation and migration, which may contribute to the delayed healing of these chronic infected wounds.
Toxic stress and burnout: John Henryism and social dominance in the laboratory and STEM workforce
Authors: Rolle Tiffany , Vue Zer , Murray Sandra A , Shareef Salma Ash , Shuler Haysetta D , Beasley Heather K , Marshall Andrea G , Hinton Antentor
Published: August 2021

Persons Excluded from science because of Ethnicity and Race (PEERs) face chronic exposure to interpersonal stressors, such as social discrimination, throughout their scientific careers, leading to a long-term decline in physical and mental health. Many PEERs exhibit John Henryism, a coping mechanism to prolonged stress where an individual expends higher levels of effort and energy at the cost of their physical and mental health. In this article, we discuss how social dominance may increase John Henryism within the STEM community; the causes, effects and costs of John Henryism; and highlight solutions to combat these social adversity stressors within the academic institution.
Democratizing Truth: An Analysis of Truth Commissions in the United States
Authors: Posthumus Daniel , Zvobgo Kelebogile
Published: August 2021

Over the past half-century, numerous transitional justice (TJ) measures have been implemented globally. While much research has examined different TJ modalities in the aftermath of authoritarian rule and armed conflict, a growing body of work recognizes TJ outside of political transitions. We study a noteworthy export from transitional to non-transitional settings: truth commissions. Building on scholarship on TJ in established democracies, we introduce new quantitative data from the Varieties of Truth Commissions Project on truth commissions in an overlooked but significant case: the United States. The data captures 20 past, present and proposed official US truth commissions, most of them at the subnational level. Though their mandates vary considerably, they all address racial injustice, with an emphasis on anti-Indigenous and anti-Black violence. We elaborate on trends in the data and discuss the implications for unfolding efforts to reckon with historical and contemporary racial violence and injustice in the United States.
When Computers Changed Banking
Authors: Cooper Martin
Published: August 2021

The story of a rivalry, drive-in-banking, a computer called Pegasus and a team with great vision. Martin Cooper MBCS explores the history of Martins Bank and its desire to be first at computers.
IT's Biggest Risk: Social Engineering
Authors: Sales Tony
Published: August 2021

It’s not hackers but ‘nice people’ who unwittingly hand over the keys to the digital kingdom. Tony Sales, co-founder of We Fight Fraud talks to Johanna Hamilton AMBCS about his career and social engineering.
Is Time Up for TikTok?
Authors: Belcher Jon
Published: August 2021

It may be hard for you to believe that TikTok has only been around for less than four years, writes Jon Belcher, Specialist Data Protection and Information Governance Lawyer at Excello Law.
How to be an IT Consultant
Authors: Wallace Simon
Published: August 2021

Being great in your chosen IT speciality isn’t enough to be an IT consultant - it takes a lot more. Simon Wallace explores the range of skills you’ll need to develop if you plan on becoming an IT consultant.
Virtual Learning? It's Here to Stay!
Authors: Young John
Published: August 2021

Classroom-based training has been a long-established model for getting people together in a room with a trainer, writes John Young MBCS, Principal Trainer at TSG Training.