bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Orbital cellulitis with panophthalmitis during pregnancy: a rare case in Bangladesh
Authors: Iqbal Md Iftekher , Osman Fariah
Published: January 2025

Background It is uncommon to develop vision-threatening orbital cellulitis with panophthalmitis during pregnancy. Typically, the reasons are trauma-related or endogenous. It requires immediate diagnosis and treatment, but this has proven difficult because of local and systemic medications’ safety and adverse effects during pregnancy. Globe salvage has a poor prognosis, with most patients undergoing enucleation or evisceration of the diseased eye. Case presentation We presented a 22-year-old woman in her third trimester of pregnancy who encountered orbital cellulitis with panophthalmitis caused by methicillin-positive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Despite rigorous intravenous and topical antibiotics, she underwent evisceration of the affected eye. However, the pregnancy, progressed without incident, with the delivery of a healthy baby at full-term. Conclusion Bacterial infection is uncommon during pregnancy, but may cause endogenous panophthalmitis and orbital cellulitis, especially in immunosuppression and anemia, with a poor visual outcome.
Hodgkin's lymphoma in a multimorbid patient in the practice of a therapist
Authors: Sharifov M.
Published: January 2025

A clinical case of Hodgkin's lymphoma in a patient with hypertension, coronary artery disease, acute coronary syndrome, and multiple percutaneous coronary intervention is presented. During the examination for therapy-resistant back pain, multiple pathological compression fractures were identified, verified as metastatic bone damage. Stabilization of the process was achieved against the background of polychemotherapy according to the R-CVP protocol in combination with radiation therapy on the affected vertebral area followed by vertebroplasty.
Influencers sénior en TikTok: un estudio sobre los estereotipos edadistas y la representación de la vejez en la plataforma.
Authors: Saura Baeza Andrea , Ramos-Soler Irene
Published: January 2025

Actualmente, debido al aumento de personas mayores en las redes sociales, no solo como consumidores sino también como creadores de contenido, su presencia y representación en los espacios digitales ha ganado mucho interés. Sin embargo, las investigaciones sobre su representación
y percepción en estos espacios siguen siendo escasas. Este trabajo busca reducir esta brecha
analizando a algunos de los influencers senior más destacados en TikTok y evaluando cómo sus
contenidos contribuyen a la perpetuación de estereotipos edadistas. Mediante un análisis detallado de sus publicaciones, se explora la relación entre las tipologías de contenido y la presencia
de estereotipos negativos, así como el impacto de los familiares jóvenes en la creación de sus
contenidos. Los resultados obtenidos revelan que TikTok podría estar contribuyendo a perpetuar
estereotipos edadistas, demostrando así la importancia de promover la figura del influencer senior para impulsar una imagen auténtica y positiva de la vejez.
Tracking Truth with Liquid Democracy
Authors: Berinsky Adam J. , Halpern Daniel , Halpern Joseph Y. , Jadbabaie Ali , Mossel Elchanan , Procaccia Ariel D. , Revel Manon
Published: January 2025

The dynamics of random transitive delegations on a graph are of particular interest when viewed through the lens of an emerging voting paradigm: liquid democracy. This paradigm allows voters to choose between directly voting and transitively delegating their votes to other voters so that those selected cast a vote weighted by the number of delegations that they received. In the epistemic setting, where voters decide on a binary issue for which there is a ground truth, previous work showed that a few voters may amass such a large amount of influence that liquid democracy is less likely to identify the ground truth than direct voting. We quantify the amount of permissible concentration of power and examine more realistic delegation models, showing that they behave well by ensuring that (with high probability) there is a permissible limit on the maximum number of delegations received. Our theoretical results demonstrate that the delegation process is similar to well-known processes on random graphs that are sufficiently bounded for our purposes. Along the way, we prove new bounds on the size of the largest component in an infinite Pólya urn process, which may be of independent interest. In addition, we empirically validate the theoretical results, running six experiments (for a total of N = 168 participants, 62 delegation graphs, and over 11,000 votes collected). We find that empirical delegation behaviors meet the conditions for our positive theoretical guarantees. Overall, our work alleviates concerns raised about liquid democracy and bolsters the case for the applicability of this emerging paradigm.

This paper was accepted by Martin Bichler, market design, platform, and demand analytics.

Funding: This work was supported by the Michael Hammer Fellowship, the Office of Naval Research [2016 Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship, 2020 ONR Vannevar Bush Faculty Fellowship, and Grant N00014-20-1-2488], the Office of Secretary of Defense [Grants ARO MURI W911NF-19-0217 and ARO W911NF-17-1-0592], Simons [Investigator Award 622132], the Open Philanthropy Foundation, and the National Science Foundation [Grants IIS-178108, CCF-1733556, CCF-1918421, CCF-2007080, IIS-1703846, and IIS-2024287]. J. Y. Halpern was supported by a grant from the Cooperative AI Foundation [ARO Grant W911NF-22-1-0061].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.02470 .
Open Cosmos to Democratise Satellite Earth Observation
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2025

Small satellites form part of an ecosystem built for access to space
National Award for Medical Tech
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2025

Pleural wins UK section of the James Dyson Award
Speed Walking
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2025

In 1960 weary commuters let a moving walkway take the strain as they made their way through Bank underground station
Sailing to The Stars
Authors: Powell Gareth L.
Published: January 2025

Our resident science fiction author, Gareth L. Powell, takes a look at the potential of new developments to enable us to travel to the stars
Domin Servo Valves Embark for America’s Cup
Authors: Ford Jason
Published: January 2025

Bristol company is partnering with INEOS Britannia to give the sailing team a competitive edge
Portrayal(s) of Hünkâr Hacı Bektaş in the Fifteenth Century
Authors: Kocaer Sibel
Published: January 2025

This article examines the portrayals of Hünkâr Hacı Bektaş (d. c. 1270), who has been one of the most influential velis (friends of God) among warriors and diverse dervish groups throughout the centuries. The persona of Hacı Bektaş has acquired new meanings within the transformed cultural and social contexts in different historical eras. This short analysis is limited to three intertextually related texts from the fifteenth century: the Ḫıżırnāme (1476), the Ṣaltuḳnāme (c. 1480), and the Velāyetnāme (c. 1481). Among these three works, while the Ṣaltuḳnāme and the Velāyetnāme have been subjects of numerous studies, as they include crucial details for understanding the historical events in pre-Ottoman and Ottoman times in Anatolia, the Ḫıżırnāme did not attract the attention of scholars until recently. With a particular focus on the portrayals of Hacı Bektaş in these three intertextually related texts, this study aims to generate new research questions for future studies about the historical image of Hacı Bektaş.
Rare Coexistence: Giant Cell Tumor Recurrence and Infection in the Proximal Tibia – A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India,, Roy Mainak , Reddy Harsha Vardhan ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India,, Bhikshavarthimath Suhas Aradhya ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India,, Dwidmuthe Samir Chandrakant ,   Department of Orthopedics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India,, Tiwari Vivek ,   Department of Orthopedics, Apollo sage hospitals, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Giant cell tumor of bone (GCTB) ranks among the most prevalent locally aggressive tumor lesions, displaying a diverse range of biological behaviors. Recurrence of GCTB is well-documented, often attributed to microscopic tumour remnants remaining after intralesional curettage, with increased concern when infection occurs postoperatively. Studies suggest the limited effectiveness of adjuvants in preventing giant cell tumour recurrence, emphasizing the necessity of complete removal of malignant cells. We describe our experience with a rare presentation of recurrence together with infection in an operated case of GCTB right proximal tibia with curettage with cementing and plate stabilization.

Case Report: A 28 year-old female who was operated case of GCTB right proximal tibia with curettage with cementing and plate stabilization in 2020 presented to our outpatient department with complaints pain in right leg while walking for 3 months in October 2021. Plain radiography of the right knee suggestive of lytic lesion over medial aspect of the right tibia around cement with plate in situ and magnetic resonance imaging right knee suggestive of recurrence of the tumor with no breach in joint line and no involvement of neurovascular structures. The patient was planned for implant removal with extended curettage and plate stabilization and cementing with antibiotics (vancomycin and gentamycin) after sending tissues for culture sensitivity and histopathology. Intraoperative cultures showed growth of methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus which was sensitive to cefoxitin, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole, and doxycycline following which pt received 2 weeks of intravenous antibiotics and 4 weeks of oral antibiotics as per culture sensitivity with no post-operative wound complications and had satisfactory functional outcome. The patient was followed at regular intervals till 2-year follow-up did not show any signs of recurrence and infection.

Conclusion: The manifestation of GCTB recurrence alongside infection is exceedingly rare with limited literature evidence. Our case illustrates a method to address both issues concurrently during a single procedure, utilizing antibiotic bone cement to tackle infection and extended curettage for thorough removal of neoplastic cells from the surrounding bone.

Keywords: Giant cell tumor, recurrence, infection.
Diagnosis and Treatment of a Forearm Glomangioma: A Case Study
Authors:   University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, Ohio, 43614,, Kosco Ethan , Mendonsa Maya ,   University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, Ohio, 43614,, Blood Dalton ,   University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, Ohio, 43614., Skie Martin ,   University of Toledo Medical Center, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, 3000 Arlington Ave, Toledo, Ohio, 43614.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Glomangiomas are rare vascular tumors derived from the vascular component of glomus bodies. Because glomus bodies play an important role in thermoregulation in the digits of the hand and foot, glomus tumors predominantly arise in these locations. Only six incidents of glomangiomas have arisen in the forearm since 1991. In nearly every case, the tumor was associated with extreme tenderness to palpation and pain with the use of the forearm. The diagnosis was delayed up to 21 years due to the low clinical suspicion of this type of tumor. However, eventual diagnosis and surgical management led to immediate resolution of pain in the forearm.

Case Report: We report the diagnosis and treatment of a 52-year-old male who presented with a 5-year history of volar mid-forearm pain refractory to conservative treatment. Diagnostic evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging and histology identified the tumor as a glomangioma.

Conclusion: Surgical excision completely resolved the patient’s symptoms by the 2-week follow-up.

Keywords: Glomangioma, forearm tumor, surgical resection, orthopedic surgery, magnetic resonance imaging.
3D-Printed Cutting Guide in Oncological Pelvic Surgery: A Case Report and Proof of Concept Validation of Cutting Guide Accuracy
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark, Borgognoni Anna Bertoli , Lücke Arne Oliver ,   Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark,, Znacko Katerina ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark,, Hammer Karen Eich ,   Department of Innovation and International Affairs, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark., Baad-Hansen Thomas ,   Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus N, Denmark
Published: January 2025

Introduction: In recent years, numerous hospitals have established in-house three-dimensional (3D) printing centers, enabling health-care facilities to leverage the transformative capabilities of additive manufacturing technology on their premises. With this emerging opportunity arises a necessity to undertake a thorough assessment of the manufactured tools employed in clinical practice. The objectives of this article are to describe the pathway of in-house printing and evaluate the accuracy of 3D-printed specific instruments.

Case Report: A case is reported along with the workflow for creating a patient model and cutting guide. The patient is a 76-year-old Caucasian woman with bone metastasis from a known renal cancer located in the pelvis. The model was used preoperatively, while the guide was used during surgery. Following this, the guide underwent computed tomography (CT) scanning, and a 3D digital model was reconstructed. Two dimensions, labeled A and B, were established. We compared pre-operative measurements, respectively, with measurements from the printed physical guide and from the rescanned post-operative digital model. Finally, A and B were measured on the bone defect on the patient’s post-operative CT. Variation in axis A value between the mean of the first two groups was 0.5 mm and in axis B was 0.7 mm. On the printed physical guide, the mean of axis A was 73.5 mm, and the mean of axis B was 71.8 mm. Variation in A value between the mean of this group and the pre-operative was 1.7 mm and in B value was 0.5 mm.

Conclusion: The workflow used at our hospital was described with an example of how to evaluate the accuracy of in-house 3D printing. Results showed high accuracy of the printing method, a reliable correlation between desired and actual outcomes, and a short lead time.

Keywords: 3D printing, cutting guide, in-house printing.
A Rare Case of the Ipsilateral Paraspinal Muscle Abscess Communicating with a Psoas Major Abscess: A Case Report
Authors:   [1] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan, [2] Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan., Kusakabe Junya , Suzuki Katsushi ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan,, Hosaka Masami ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan,
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Paraspinal muscle abscesses are rare, and generally occur due to injections or hematogenous dissemination. Here, we describe a rare case of a paraspinal muscle and the ipsilateral psoas major abscess in the lumbar region that communicated via the interspaces of the costal processes.

Case Report: An 83-year-old man with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and no history of puncture complained of right low back pain for the past 2 months. He was diagnosed with pyelonephritis and referred to our department for close examination of the low back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a paraspinal muscle and an ipsilateral psoas major abscess in the lumbar region, which communicated through the interspaces of the costal processes. A definitive diagnosis was made using percutaneous aspiration and the patient was successfully treated conservatively.

Conclusion: This case is very rare and impressive because the paraspinal muscle abscess directly communicated with the ipsilateral psoas major muscle abscess. Spinal infections should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of low back pain, particularly in the absence of long-term improvement. Local physical examinations are essential when examining patients with low back pain. Conservative treatment is effective, even if the abscess is extensive.

Keywords: Spinal infection, paraspinal abscess, physical examination.
Comprehensive Management Approaches for Acute Distal Radioulnar Joint Instability Post distal End Radius Fracture
Authors:   Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Birajdar Anteshwar , Kumar Sushant ,   Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Phalak Mukesh ,   Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Chaudhari Tushar ,   Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra, India., Meghana Damarla ,   Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The peripheral radioulnar articulation and the bony radioulnar articulation make up the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ), a diarthrodial trochoid synovial joint stabilizers for soft tissues. Of the DRUJ’s stability, only around 20% may be attributed to the bony articulation. Treatment for DRUJ injuries resulting from a solely ligamentous rupture varies and is subject to debate. Usually, non-operative care is coupled with occupational therapy, activity modification, brace or splint immobilization, and pain management. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze comprehensive management approaches for acute DRUJ instability post-distal radius fracture. The key takeaway from the article is that TFCC repair may not be essential, with K-wire stabilization providing better range of motion and cast immobilization offering stronger grip, but further large-scale controlled trials are required to fully assess these treatment options in terms of patient satisfaction and functional outcomes.

Materials and Methods: After primary fixation of the respective fractures (distal end radius fracture or distal end ulna fracture or both) by ORIF with Plating or CRIF with K-wiring or by Traction for casting, the distal radio ulna joint instability is stabilized by casting, closed reduction internal fixation (CRIF) with K-wiring or open triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) repair and the outcome is measured by grip strength, range of motion with DASH and MMWS scores by follow up and compared.

Results: Between the groups, there was no discernible variation in grip strength (P > 0.05). A noteworthy variation in flexion was seen among the groups (P < 0.05). The groups’ differences in extension were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Pronation did not significantly differ across the groups (P > 0.05). Supination did not differ significantly between the groups (P > 0.05). The DASH scores of the groups did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Between the groups, there was a significant difference in MMWS (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: The major findings of analysis have suggested that the time, effort, and cost of TFCC repair do not appear to be necessary, however, there may be trade-offs between various treatments, with K-wire stabilization offering a better range of motion and cast immobilization a stronger grip.

Keywords: DRUJ Instability, TFCC repair, K-wiring, Casting
Data Insights on the Risks of Local Heat and Massage in Gouty Arthritis Treatment
Authors:   Mehra Hospital and Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,, Mehra Shivam , Mehra Kamal ,   Mehra Hospital and Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,, Mehra Nindiya Kapoor ,   Mehra Hospital and Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India,, Kale Sachin Yashwant ,   Department of Orthopaedics, Padmashree Dr. D.Y. Patil School of Medicine, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India,, Manchanda Bharat Veer ,   Arthritis and Breast Care Centre, Kurukshetra, Haryana, India.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Gouty arthritis is a common inflammatory condition caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals in the joints, leading to intense pain, swelling, and functional impairment. Thermal therapies, including hot and cold fomentation, are often used as adjunctive treatments for managing inflammation and pain in various musculoskeletal conditions. However, the efficacy of these therapies in acute gout remains underexplored. This study aims to compare the effects of hot fomentation versus cold fomentation in patients experiencing acute gout flares, assessing pain reduction, swelling, joint mobility, and overall patient satisfaction.

Material and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 2,400 patients diagnosed with acute gouty arthritis, divided into two equal groups: Group A received hot fomentation (38°C–42°C) and Group B received cold fomentation (5°C–10°C). Both interventions were applied twice daily for 20 min over 5 days, alongside standard gout care. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS), while joint circumference, range of motion, and patient satisfaction were recorded at baseline, day 3, and day 5. Statistical analyses compared outcomes between the two groups.

Results: Cold fomentation significantly reduced pain intensity (VAS score reduction of 68% by day 5) compared to hot fomentation (26% reduction, P < 0.001). Joint swelling decreased by 25% in the cold group versus 5% in the hot group, with cold therapy also leading to greater improvements in joint mobility (average increase of 15° vs. 5°, P < 0.01). Notably, 35% of patients in the hot fomentation group experienced flare-ups, compared to only 2% in the cold fomentation group (P < 0.001). Patient satisfaction was also higher in the cold group, with 85% of participants reporting satisfaction versus 30% in the hot group.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that cold fomentation is significantly more effective than hot fomentation in managing acute gouty arthritis. Cold therapy provided superior pain relief, reduced swelling, improved joint mobility, and minimized the risk of symptom exacerbation. In contrast, hot fomentation often worsened symptoms, making it unsuitable for acute gout management. These findings suggest that cold fomentation should be the preferred thermal therapy for gout flare-ups, while heat applications should be avoided.

Keywords: Gouty arthritis, hot fomentation, cold fomentation, thermal therapy, pain management, swelling, joint mobility, flare-ups, patient satisfaction.
Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis Using Locking Plates for Distal Femur Fractures: A Retrospective Analysis of 40 Cases
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, BIHER, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., Ganesh M T , Pandian Haemanath ,   Department of Orthopedics, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, BIHER, Chromepet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Distal femur fractures present significant surgical challenges due to their complex anatomy and limited soft tissue coverage. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) has emerged as a promising alternative to traditional open techniques, aiming to reduce soft-tissue damage while maintaining stable fixation, particularly when used with locking plates.

Materials and Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 40 consecutive patients with distal femur fractures treated with MIPO and locking plates.

Results: The results showed a high union rate of 92.5%, with fractures healing within 16–24 weeks (mean: 19.2 weeks). Complications occurred in 12.5% of cases, including three cases of malalignment, one case of screw breakage, and one infection. Functional outcomes were positive, with 85% of patients achieving excellent or good results based on the Knee Society Score, indicating satisfactory postoperative mobility and joint function.

Conclusion: MIPO using locking plates is a reliable and effective treatment for distal femur fractures, offering high union rates, manageable complication rates, and favorable functional outcomes while minimizing soft-tissue disruption.

Keywords: Femoral shaft fractures, minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis, screw configuration, union rate.
Revisiting Tension Band Principle Using Fiber Tape in Patella Fractures in Terms of Functional Outcomes, Complications, and Resurgery
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. D Y Patil Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Deore Sandeep , Patil Bhushan ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. D Y Patil Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Mehta Nrupam ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. D Y Patil Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Kale Sachin ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. D Y Patil Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Modi Ravi ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. D Y Patil Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India., Shaikh Rafiuddin ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Dr. D Y Patil Hospital, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Post-operative complications related to hardware, particularly symptoms caused by it, such as implant impingement, wire breakage, and skin infection are frequently reported following surgical management of patellar fractures with stainless steel wires. As a potential solution, some researchers have advocated for the use of non-absorbable sutures for fracture fixation. This study aims to investigate the clinical and radiological outcomes of patients treated with fiber taping as an alternative technique.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective evaluation of 20 patients diagnosed radiographically with displaced patellar fractures (including transverse, poles, and severely comminuted). These patients underwent tension band technique with the help of high strength polyethylene fiber tape. Clinical and radiological outcomes were meticulously assessed, with specific attention to union time, complications, and functional outcome assessed by the Lysoholm scoring system, all of which were carefully observed and documented.

Results: The mean age of the patients was 42.5 ± 14.3 years, and the majority were male (70%). The mean operative time was 68.5 ± 22.4 min. All fractures achieved union without any reported cases of wound complications, infections, loss of reduction, or implant failure. The mean Lysholm Knee Score improved from 36.4 ± 8.2 at baseline to 92.1 ± 5.9 at 12-month post-surgery. The visual analogue scale for pain decreased from 7.8 ± 1.4 at baseline to 0.8 ± 0.6 at 12 months. The mean range of motion improved from 96.5° ± 12.8° of flexion and −5.2° ± 3.1° of extension at baseline to 134.2° ± 6.1° of flexion and 0.6° ± 0.7° of extension at 12 months.

Conclusion: Our investigation into a modified tension band technique using fiber tape sutures revealed encouraging clinical outcomes, marked by minimal complications. The adoption of fiber tape as a substitute for metal wire counterparts in patellar fracture treatment shows potential for reducing hardware related symptoms and shows lesser morbidity.

Keywords: Fiber tape, patellar fracture, tension band technique, stainless-steel wire.
A Hypothetical Experimental Approach to Prove the Existence of an Absolutely Stationary Reference Frame by Using the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer
Authors: zhou jiajun , Zhou Qinyan
Published: January 2025

Vacuum is an absolutely static reference system. When light propagates in a vacuum, it moves in an absolutely static reference system. The propagation speed of light in a medium is a constant, which has nothing to do with the motion state of the light source, the observer or the receiver. When light propagates in a medium, it is dragged by the inertia of the medium. While light propagates in a vacuum, the vacuum is absolutely static, which cannot drag the light to move, and the speed, position, and direction of light in a vacuum are fixed. Based on this theory, a light interference experiment can be performed as proof, using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The principle of the experiment is to split the laser into two beams of light at a half-reflecting mirror, one of which passes through a vacuum quartz tube and reaches the screen, the other does not pass through the tube; however, both of the beams converge on the screen, forming interference fringes. Because the speed, position, and direction of light in a vacuum are fixed and the absolute motion of the earth will drive the vacuum quartz tube to move,when the absolute direction of the earth's motion and the direction of light propagation are parallel to each other,light will have an extra optical path in the tube; when they are perpendicular to each other, light will not have the extra optical path in the tube, so after the instrument has turned 90 degrees, the interference fringes will move. The key to this experiment is to create a vacuum. The structure of the experiment is simple that I hope someone could make an experimental verification.
According to this theory, it can be concluded that the essence of Fizeau experiment , Sagnac effect and Hoek experiment is the same. The reverse process of Fizeau experiment is Sagnac effect, vice versa. According to this theory, the Fizeau experiment has a calculated result of movement at 0.236 fringes and a measured value at 0.23 fringes; in the case of Ruyong Wang's experiment "Generalized Sagnac Effect", the moving phase difference has a calculated result at 0.000251 and measured value at 0.000246 in the experiment. Obviously, this theory is more consistent with the experimental measurement results and the theoretical explanation is more real and natural.
The Sagnac effect, Mach-Zehnder interferometer and Michelson interferometer can all be used to conduct experiments based on this principle to verify whether there is an absolutely stationary reference system. Among them, the Sagnac effect has the highest accuracy, the Mach-Zehnder interferometer the second and the Michelson interferometer the lowest. If Michelson and Morley had used a 11m-long vacuum quartz tube for the experiment, they might have observed a movement of 0.373 interference fringesand there might have no so-called "dark clouds".
This experiment is actually to measure the Sagnac effect of the Earth's rotation by using a Mach-Zehnder interferometer.
Sphere and H-shaped cavity coupled double resonance fiber-optic acoustic sensor for high sensitivity detection of trace gases
Authors: YANG TENG FEI , Xianmei Qian , zhu wenyue , Liu Qiang , Chen jie , Zheng Jianjie , Yang Tao , Chuankai Luo , Huang Jun
Published: January 2025

A sphere and H-shaped cavity coupled double resonance fiber-optic acoustic (SH-DR-FOPA) sensor for high sensitivity detection of trace gases is proposed. This SH-DR-FOPA sensor consists of a sphere and H-shaped cavity coupled photoacoustic cell (SH-PAC) and a cantilever-based fiber optic acoustic sensor (CFOAS). Compared with the H-shaped photoacoustic cell (H-PAC), SH-PAC can further amplify the photoacoustic signal. Dual resonance enhancement for photoacoustic signal is achieved by matching the resonance amplification effect of CFOAS with that of SH-PAC. The performance of SH-PAC and CFOAS is analyzed by theory and COMSOL Multiphysics finite element analysis. High sensitivity detection of methane (CH4) was achieved by using this SH-DR-FOPA sensor, a distributed feedback laser (DFB) with a wavelength of 1653.7 nm and a demodulation system. The minimum limit of detection (MDL) for CH4 is 148 ppb with the average time of 50 s. The designed SH-DR-FOPA sensor has high sensitivity and all-optical characteristics, which provides a direction for the high sensitivity and safe detection of trace gases.
Laboratory readiness and genomic surveillance of Covid-19 in the capital of Brazil
Authors: Cavalcante Fabrício Vieira , Martin Christina Pacheco Santos , Frio Gustavo Saraiva , Stabeli Rodrigo Guerino , Santos Leonor Maria Pacheco
Published: January 2025

This study aims to analyze the diagnostic readiness to Covid-19 and the genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Brasília, the capital of Brazil. This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study, with data from: cases/deaths—Ministry of Health; RT-PCR analyses Brasília Central Public Health Laboratory (LACEN); genomics—Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID). It was found that in March 2021, with the Gamma variant was predominant, RT-PCR diagnostic tests administered by LACEN reached their peak, followed by a reduction, possibly due to the start of vaccination. New peaks were observed in September 2021 and January 2022. The average time for releasing RT-PCR results was reduced from eight days (July 2020), to around eight hours in 2023. The participation of private laboratories was evident in sequencing the SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Brasília (n = 1,897). LACEN sequenced 50% of the samples received (571). A decrease in the incidence of cases and deaths due to Covid-19 was noted in the years 2022 to 2023, following the national trend. LACEN maintained RT-PCR diagnostic tests administered satisfactorily throughout the period. Regarding the genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2, the vast majority of samples were sequenced by private laboratories when compared to the public laboratory.
Modeling nearshore-offshore water exchange in Lake Ontario
Authors: Hlevca Bogdan , Howell Edward Todd , Valipour Reza , Madani Mohammad
Published: January 2025

The water quality and resources of Lake Ontario’s nearshore ecosystem undergo heightened stress, particularly along the northwest shoreline. Hydrodynamic processes linking the distinct nearshore and offshore trophic structures play a crucial role in transporting nutrient-loaded water along and across the shore. Despite the pivotal connection between algae growth and the development of nuisance proportions, the scales over which these processes operate remain poorly understood. This study delves into the exchange dynamics between nearshore and offshore areas of Lake Ontario throughout 2018, employing a validated three-dimensional numerical model. A virtual passive age tracer is utilized to discern horizontal mixing time scales between nearshore regions of the lake (water depth < 30 m) and offshore locations. The dispersal pattern, as revealed by a passive tracer released from eight points around the model lake’s perimeter, indicates more extensive diffusion in late summer when lake-wide stratification is established, compared to the mixed period. Coastal upwelling events, leading to intrusions of hypolimnetic waters, significantly contribute to net cross-shore transport, with the most pronounced effects observed in May and June when the offshore thermocline is shallow. In the northern part of the lake, dispersal predominantly occurs alongshore, mirroring the prevailing cyclonic (counterclockwise) coastal circulation during the stratified season. This pattern is a consequence of a 45% increase in upwelling events compared to three decades ago. In the northwestern and southern sectors of the lake, elevated cross-shore mixing is attributed to geomorphology-induced cross-basin currents.
Five year mortality in an RCT of a lung cancer biomarker to select people for low dose CT screening
Authors: Sullivan Francis Michael , Mair Frances S. , Anderson William , Chew Cindy , Dorward Alistair , Haughney John , Hogarth Fiona , Kendrick Denise , Littleford Roberta , McConnachie Alex , McCowan Colin , McMeekin Nicola , Patel Manish , Rauchhaus Petra , Daly Fergus , Ritchie Lewis , Robertson John , Sarvesvaran Joseph , Sewell Herbert , Taylor Thomas , Treweek Shaun , Vedhara Kavita , Schembri Stuart
Published: January 2025

The role of biomarkers in risk-based early detection of lung cancer may enable screening to become cost effective and widely accessible. EarlyCDT-Lung is an example of such a blood-based autoantibody biomarker which may improve accessibility to Low dose Computed Tomography (LDCT) screening for those at highest risk. We randomized 12 208 individuals aged 50–75 at high risk of developing lung cancer to either the test or to standard clinical care. Outcomes were ascertained from Register of Deaths and Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratio of the rate of deaths from all causes and lung cancer. Additional analyses were performed for cases of lung cancer diagnosed within two years of the initial test. After 5 years 326 lung cancers were detected (2.7% of those enrolled). The total number of deaths reported from all causes in the intervention group was 344 compared to 388 in the control group. There were 73 lung cancer deaths in the intervention arm and 90 in the controls (Adjusted HR 0.789 (0.636, 0.978). An analysis of cases of lung cancer detected within 2 years of randomization in the intervention group showed that there were 34 deaths from all causes and 29 from lung cancer. In the control group there were 56 deaths with 49 from lung cancer. In those diagnosed with lung cancer within 2 years of randomization the hazard ratio for all cause mortality was 0.615 (0.401,0.942) and for lung cancer 0.598 (0.378, 0.946). Further large-scale studies of the role of biomarkers to target lung cancer screening, in addition to LDCT, are likely to provide additional value.
Study on the influence of TiO2 nanoparticles on the breakdown voltage of transformer oil under severe cold conditions
Authors: Qin Chunxu , Lin Wenjie , Huang Yongxiang , Liu Liqiang , Hua Huichun , Liang Huijuan
Published: January 2025

The modified nanoparticles can significantly improve the insulation characteristics of transformer oil. Currently, there is a lack of research on the actual motion state of particles in nanofluid to further understand the micro-mechanism of nanoparticles improving the insulation characteristics of transformer oil. In this study, the nanofluid containing 0.01g/L of TiO2 with a particle size of 20nm is prepared using the thermal oscillation method. Breakdown voltage tests are carried out. The experimental test results show that adding nanoparticles can significantly reduce the breakdown probability of transformer oil. The more the water content, the less the enhancement effect of the nanofluid on breakdown voltage. The higher the temperature, the stronger the enhancement effect of the nanofluid on breakdown voltage. Finally, the polarization process of nanoparticles and the trajectory of charged particles in the transformer oil under different electric fields are simulated using COMSOL to further analyze the influence mechanism of nanoparticles on the insulation characteristics of transformer oil. The simulation results show that under the action of the electric field, nanoparticles polarize and generate charge shallow traps to adsorb electrons, reducing the high-speed free charges in the oil, and indirectly increasing the breakdown voltage.
Spatial variation and determinant factors of alcohol consumption in Ethiopia: Spatial and multilevel analysis of Ethiopian demographic and health survey
Authors: Daba Chala , Debela Sisay Abebe , Gasheya Kassahun Ayele , Endawkie Abel , Gebrehiwot Mesfin
Published: January 2025

Background

Alcohol consumption continues to be a public health problem in Ethiopia. Previous investigations have been conducted on alcohol consumption in Ethiopia; however, these investigations were limited to specific localities, which could not represent the existing alcohol consumption in different parts of Ethiopia. Besides, the spatial variation of alcohol consumption was not well investigated in the previous studies, which could hinder the implementation of effective intervention towards alcohol consumption. Hence, this study aimed to determine the spatial distribution and determinant factors of alcohol consumption in Ethiopia.

Methods

Secondary data from the 2016 Ethiopian demographic health survey was used in this study. A total of 44,023 weight samples were included using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique. The spatial variation of alcohol consumption was analyzed using ArcGIS version 10.7.1. The statistical significance of alcohol consumption clusters were identified using Kuldorff’s SaTScan version 10.2. A multi-level analysis was also conducted to identify factors associated with alcohol consumption using STATA version 14.

Results

In this study, 33.15% (95%CI: 32.5–33.8) of the study participants consumed alcohol with statistically significant spatial variation across regions of the country. Traditional religion (AOR = 13.7; 95%CI: 2.68–70.3), Regional variations (Amhara region—AOR = 3.56; 95%CI: 1.85–6.8, living in a low proportion of community literacy (AOR = 1.84; 95%CI: 1.1–3.18), cigarette smoking habit (AOR = 15.82; 95%CI: 4.31–58.1), and chewing Khat (AOR = 2.98; 95%CI: 1.22–7.27) were positively linked with alcohol consumption. Hot spot areas of alcohol consumption were found in Tigray, Amhara, and some parts of Oromia regions. The statistical significance of the primary clusters was also observed in Tigray and Amhara regions.

Conclusions

We found that one-third of Ethiopia’s population is consuming alcohol. Having a cigarette smoking habit, chewing khat, high proportion of community literacy, and traditional religion were associated factors for alcohol consumption. Therefore, the federal government of Ethiopia, and ministry of health, and other concerned bodies should work in collaboration to decrease the proportion of people consuming alcohol.
Validation of polymorphic Gompertzian model of cancer through in vitro and in vivo data
Authors: Soboleva Arina , Kaznatcheev Artem , Cavill Rachel , Schneider Katharina , Staňková Kateřina
Published: January 2025

Mathematical modeling plays an important role in our understanding and targeting therapy resistance mechanisms in cancer. The polymorphic Gompertzian model, analyzed theoretically and numerically by Viossat and Noble to demonstrate the benefits of adaptive therapy in metastatic cancer, describes a heterogeneous cancer population consisting of therapy-sensitive and therapy-resistant cells. In this study, we demonstrate that the polymorphic Gompertzian model successfully captures trends in both in vitro and in vivo data on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) dynamics under treatment. Additionally, for the in vivo data of tumor dynamics in patients undergoing treatment, we compare the goodness of fit of the polymorphic Gompertzian model to that of the classical oncologic models, which were previously identified as the models that fit this data best. We show that the polymorphic Gompertzian model can successfully capture the U-shape trend in tumor size during cancer relapse, which can not be fitted with the classical oncologic models. In general, the polymorphic Gompertzian model corresponds well to both in vitro and in vivo real-world data, suggesting it as a candidate for improving the efficacy of cancer therapy, for example, through evolutionary/adaptive therapies.
Tomato fruit quality and nutrient dynamics under water deficit conditions: The influence of an organic fertilizer
Authors: Zahedifar Maryam , Moosavi Ali Akbar , Gavili Edris , Ershadi Arash
Published: January 2025

Drought adversely affects the growth and performance of plants. By contrast, the application of organic modifiers can improve plant growth by supplying nutrients and water. The influence of foliar application of organic fertilizer under water deficit conditions on growth traits, chemical composition, and fruit quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., var. Maya) were investigated in greenhouse conditions based on bi-plot and principal component analysis (PCA). Plants which were cultivated in soil under greenhouse conditions were subjected to four levels foliar spraying of Zargreen liquid organic fertilizer, ZLOF (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 L 1000−1, shown as Z0, Z2.5, Z5, and Z7.5, respectively), and three levels of soil water, SW (100, 75, and 50% of field capacity (FC), shown W100, W75, and W50, respectively). The results of biplot analysis using the different treatments representing 42.9% and 38.3%, 60.3% and 28.8%, and 63.1% and 22.4% of the variance attributed to the first two principal components (PCs) for the PC1 and PC2, under 100, 75, and 50% FC conditions, respectively. Water deficit induced a reduction of fruit dry, and fresh weights. Application of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 L 1000−1 of the organic fertilizer significantly increased fruit fresh weight by 16, 20, and 22% and fruit dry weight by 13, 20, and 20% as compared to that of control, respectively. Vitamin C content of fruit significantly increased by 16 and 33% when respectively 5 and 7.5 L 1000−1 of the organic fertilizer was foliar sprayed. Besides, fruit iron (Fe), sodium (Na (and potassium (K) concentrations increased with the application of the organic fertilizer at different levels of water deficit. Furthermore, the highest fruit zinc (Zn) concentration was obtained at the highest level of both applied organic fertilizer and water deficit. The best treatments were selected with increased PC1 and decreased PC2 for different water conditions. The W100Z7.5, W75Z7.5, and W50Z5 treatments with the higher PC1 and the lower PC2, also exhibited higher scores for fruit dry weight, and Na and K concentrations under W100; vitamin C, number of fruits, fruit fresh weight, and fruit Fe concentration under W75; citric acid, and fruit Fe, Zn, Na, K, and Cu concentrations under W50 treatment. The addition of the organic fertilizer was effective in enhancing the plant growth traits under water deficit conditions. Therefore, it can be concluded that organic fertilizer addition is an effective management strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of drought and improve the quantity and quality of tomato fruit.
Establishment of a physical exercise evaluation index system for school-age children with asthma
Authors: Zhao Yueheng , Meng Xianmei , Wang Suqing
Published: January 2025

Objective

To construct a comprehensive physical exercise evaluation index system for asthmatic children aged 6–12 years.

Design

Based on knowledge-attitude-practice(KAP) theory, we constructed an item pool for a physical exercise evaluation index system using a literature review and semistructured interviews and refined the index system through two questionnaire cycles with Delphi experts.

Results

For the two questionnaire rounds, the recovery rate was 100%, the experts’ authority coefficients were 0.850 and 0.836, and the coordinated coefficients were 0.167 and 0.202 (P<0.001). Finally, four first-level indicators, namely, disease factors, exercise environment, exercise practice, and exercise psychology; 11 second-level indicators; and 50 third-level indicators were developed as a physical exercise evaluation index system for asthmatic children.

Conclusion

A physical exercise evaluation index system built using a literature review, qualitative interviews, and Delphi technique can provide scientific guidance for children with asthma, caregivers and health professionals to comprehensively assess the children’s physical exercise.