bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Limited Cognitive Resources Explain a Trade-Off between Perceptual and Metacognitive Vigilance
Authors: Maniscalco Brian , McCurdy Li Yan , Odegaard Brian , Lau Hakwan
Published: December 2016

Why do experimenters give subjects short breaks in long behavioral experiments? Whereas previous studies suggest it is difficult to maintain attention and vigilance over long periods of time, it is unclear precisely what mechanisms benefit from rest after short experimental blocks. Here, we evaluate decline in both perceptual performance and metacognitive sensitivity (i.e., how well confidence ratings track perceptual decision accuracy) over time and investigate whether characteristics of prefrontal cortical areas correlate with these measures. Whereas a single-process signal detection model predicts that these two forms of fatigue should be strongly positively correlated, a dual-process model predicts that rates of decline may dissociate. Here, we show that these measures consistently exhibited negative or near-zero correlations, as if engaged in a trade-off relationship, suggesting that different mechanisms contribute to perceptual and metacognitive decisions. Despite this dissociation, the two mechanisms likely depend on common resources, which could explain their trade-off relationship. Based on structural MRI brain images of individual human subjects, we assessed gray matter volume in the frontal polar area, a region that has been linked to visual metacognition. Variability of frontal polar volume correlated with individual differences in behavior, indicating the region may play a role in supplying common resources for both perceptual and metacognitive vigilance. Additional experiments revealed that reduced metacognitive demand led to superior perceptual vigilance, providing further support for this hypothesis. Overall, results indicate that during breaks between short blocks, it is the higher-level perceptual decision mechanisms, rather than lower-level sensory machinery, that benefit most from rest.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPerceptual task performance declines over time (the so-called vigilance decrement), but the relationship between vigilance in perception and metacognition has not yet been explored in depth. Here, we show that patterns in perceptual and metacognitive vigilance do not follow the pattern predicted by a previously suggested single-process model of perceptual and metacognitive decision making. We account for these findings by showing that regions of anterior prefrontal cortex (aPFC) previously associated with visual metacognition are also associated with perceptual vigilance. We also show that relieving metacognitive task demand improves perceptual vigilance, suggesting that aPFC may house a limited cognitive resource that contributes to both metacognition and perceptual vigilance. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms and dynamics of perceptual metacognition.
L’Écriture de voyage d’après Les Mémoi­res de Joseph Frank
Authors: Dručkutė Genovaitė
Published: December 2016

Straipsnyje Jozefo Franko Memuarai analizuojami kaip pasakojimas apie kelionę. Susitelkiama į vil­nietiškąjį laikotarpį, apimantį 1804–1823 metus, kai daktaras Frankas dirbo Vilniaus universiteto pro­fesoriumi. Aptarus žanrinius Memuarų ypatumus, parašymo aplinkybes, autoriaus tikslą ir vertimus iš prancūzų kalbos į kitas kalbas, toliau tiriama ke­liautojo žvilgsnio struktūra, nagrinėjama centro ir periferijos problema. Keliautojo žvilgsnį apibūdina nuostaba, pastanga lyginti ir vertinti. Į jo akiratį pa­tenkanti aplinka vertinama sumaišties, kaitos, suiru­tės, nepastovumo, maišto ir tvarkos opozicijomis. Vilnius ir universitetas laikomi bandymų lauku, tam tikra antiutopija. Franko Memuaruose Vilniaus uni­versitetas iškyla kaip miesto centras, pažangių idėjų kūrimo ir įgyvendinimo vieta.
Under the Spell of Multiculturalism: Irene Guilford’s The Embrace and Antanas Šileika’s Buying on Time
Authors: Šlapkauskaitė Rūta
Published: December 2016

Straipsnyje aptariamos pokolonijinių studijų tei­kiamos teorinės perspektyvos Kanados multikultū­rinės literatūros analizei ir interpretuojami lietuvių kilmės Kanados rašytojų du kūriniai – Antano Ši­leikos apsakymų rinkinys Gyvenimas išsimokėtinai ir Irenos Guilford romanas Glėbys. Suaktualinant kolonijinės kanadiečių istorijos patirtis, išryškina­mos multikultūralizmo diskurso vidinės priešta­ros – jo atvirai skelbiamas įsipareigojimas laikytis hibridinių tautinio tapatumo formų – ir latentinė, t. y. slapta, kolonijinės galios struktūrų nostalgija, per kurias kultūrinė kitybė Kanadoje paverčiama egzotikos objektu. Grožinėje literatūroje dėmesys kultūrinei egzotikai aiškinamas multikultūrinės es­tetikossamprata, nusakančia estetinį ir ideologinį meninės sąmonės santykį su multikultūralizmu kaip kanadiečių tautą aprašančiu ir disciplinuojančiu diskursu. Tad Šileikos apsakymų ciklo ir Guilford romano analizėje bandoma atskleisti ir apibūdinti naratyvines strategijas, per kurias šie du tekstai įsi­terpia į Kanados diskursyvinės steigties ir diaspori­nių tapatybių egzotizavimo procesą.
Nuo P. Ruigio iki j. V. Gėtės ir vėlesnių autorių: liaudies poezija ir grožinė literatūra
Authors: Ribbatas Ernstas
Published: December 2016

Kadangi Lietuvos nacionalinės rašytinės kultūros formavimąsi nuolat stabdė svetimos jėgos, vokiečių rašytojai ir mokslininkai daugiausia domėjosi sakytine liaudies kūrybos tradicija, ypač dainomis. Ryškiausias pavyzdys – jaunamartės daina „Aš atsisakiau savo močiutei“, pirmą kartą užrašyta Pilypo Ruigio (1747), cituota G. E. Lesingo, vėliau įtraukta į J. G. Herderio Liaudies dainų rinktinę ir galiausiai patekusi net į J. V. Gėtės operetę Žvejo duktė, pastatytą 1782 m.Veimare. XIX–XX a. Vokietijoje lietuvių kultūros vaizdinį daugiausia veikė romantinis istorizmas, kuriam liaudies dainų rinktinės buvo svarbesnės nei tuo metu kuriami tekstai. Netgi J. Bobrovskio romane Lietuviški fortepijonai (1965) akivaizdi ši tautosakinė estetika, o dainos perteikia lietuvių kalbai būdingą sakytinės kalbos tonaciją. Šiandien, ypač artėjant 2009 m., kai Vilnius taps Europos kultūros sostine, Vokietijos ir Lietuvos dialogą Europos kontekste taip pat galėtų praturtinti kritiška ir savikritiška liberali komunikacija urbanistinės kultūros plotmėje.
„ICH FORDRE SO VIEL FREIHEIT UND MUSSE, ALS NÖTIG IST, ÜBER MICH SELBST, ÜBER MEINE BESTIMMUNG UND MEINEN WERTH ALS MENSCH ZU DENKEN“.1 ZUR KUNST- UND FREIHEITSKONZEPTION BEI KARL PHILIPP MORITZ
Authors: Tkaczyk Krzysztof
Published: December 2016

In 1786 in Rome, Johann Wolfgang Goethe wrote about him: “He is my younger brother; we art cut from the same mould. However, fate was against him, whereas I was fortune’s favourite.” He meant Karl Phillip Moritz (1756-1793), a German writer and art critic, Greek mythology historian, precursor of modern psychology and the author of psychological novel. If we assume that Goethe’s comments concern Moritz’s material and social status only, we would have to admit that Goethe was right. However, if we apply these judgments to the quality of his (Moritz’s) works, we would be inclined to saying that in this case the great Goethe was wrong. In his aesthetic, Moritz is far more interesting and progressive than his “elder brother”; in his literary criticism – more consistent than Schiller, and in perceiving society and politics – more radical than Kant. This article is mainly on key concept regarding Moritz’s aesthetic works: the concept of beauty and its functionalism. Definition of “the work of art” as a closed, specified unity enables Moritz to get out of the frame of aesthetics itself and to enter the sphere of politics. Moritz liberates man from the restraints of utility and treats him as a noble individual who possesses the artistic value in himself.
Semiologinio modelio taikymas literatūros dėstymui: J. Austen romano pavadinimas MANSFIELD PARK
Authors: Toker Leona
Published: December 2016

Straipsniu iliustruojama, kaip semiologinį modelį galima būtų pritaikyti dėstant literatūrą universitete. Trys semiologinio modelio aspektai: semantika, sintaktika ir pragmatika – padeda suderinti detalią teksto analizę ir jo meninių, istorinių ir sociologinių kontekstų apibrėžimą. Straipsnyje apžvelgiamos kryptys, kuriomis galima plėtoti diskusiją apie Jane Austen romano Mansfield Park pavadinimą. Jos remiasi intertekstine toponimo reikšme, sociologine ir istorine abiejų pavadinimo dalių reikšme (semantika), vidiniais ryšiais tarp romano temų, jų plėtotės būdų ir romano pavadinimo motyvų (sintaktika) bei motyvų išdėstymo būdų priklausomybe nuo autorės pozicijos jos adresatų atžvilgiu (pragmatika).
Ingeborgos Bachmann utopijos suvoktis
Authors: Užukauskaitė Lina
Published: December 2016

Straipsnyje aptariama Ingeborgos Bachmann (1926–1973) utopijos suvoktis. I. Bachmann utopinė koncepcija susiformavo veikiama stiprios Roberto Musilio (1880–1942) romano Žmogus be savybių įtakos. Mokslinėje literatūroje ši įtaka buvo pastebėta ir analizuota. Šiame straipsnyje siekiama patikslinti kai kuriuos svarbius I. Bachmann kūrybos aspektus remiantis specifiniais Žmogaus be savybių bei I. Bachmann romano Malina struktūros ir siužeto bruožais. Savo didžiajame romane R. Musilis pristato penkias pagrindines utopijas, kurių turinys, šio straipsnio autorės nuomone, reikšmingai įtakojo I. Bachmann estetinę koncepciją. Čia reikėtų paminėti ne tik „kitos būsenos“ ar „kito gyvenimo meilėje“, „induktyvaus principo“, bet ir „tikslumo“, „eseizmo“, „motyvuoto gyvenimo“ utopijas. I. Bachmann apibrėžia savąją utopijos sąvoką, remdamasi R. Musiliu: „Utopija nėra tikslas, tai –kryptis.“ Taigi utopijos esmė glūdi jos tęstinume bei atvirume. Autorės utopinio mąstymo pagrindas – dialektinė įtampa tarp tikrovės ir kryptingo judėjimo pakitusios realybės bei naujos moralės link. Pagrindinė rašytojos estetinio koncepto definicija, „literatūra yra utopija“, taip pat remiasi R. Musiliu. Tačiau šio autoriaus utopinės literatūros sampratą I. Bachmann transformuoja ir išplečia, apibrėždama literatūrą kaip kalbos utopiją.
Der deutsche Expressionismus in der litauischen Literaturkritik der Zwischenkriegszeit
Authors: Bajarūnienė Jadvyga
Published: December 2016

Vokiečių ekspresionizmo recepcijos lietuvių literatūros kritikoje pradžia susijusi su lietuvių poetais, kurie, susižavėję ekspresionizmu, bandė sekti šios srovės maniera. Vertindami jų kūrybą, kritikai kartu polemizavo ir su ekspresionizmu. Pats ekspresionizmas buvo suprantamas nevienodai, sąvoka dažnai vartojama kaip „futurizmo“ ar „avangardo“ sinonimas.Galima išskirti tris vokiečių ekspresionizmo recepcijos fazes. Pirmoji susijusi su grupės „Keturi vėjai“ veikla – vertindami poetų kūrybą, kritikai kartu svarstė ekspresionizmo galimybes ir ribas. Lietuvių kritikų požiūris į ekspresionizmą greičiau neigiamas, manoma, jog jis lietuvio mentalitetui yra svetimas.Antroji, žymiai produktyvesnė fazė sutampa su trečiojo dešimtmečio pabaiga. Literatūriniuose žurnaluose (Židinys ir kt.) pasirodo informatyvių straipsnių, kurie vokiečių ekspresionizmą mėgina vertinti objektyviai. Tačiau vis tik formuojamas gana vienpusis jo vaizdas, dominuoja neigiamos nuostatos. Ekspresionizmo „žlugimas“ suvokiamas kaip nauja vokiečių literatūros pradžia (Skrupskelis).Galima kalbėti ir apie trečiąją fazę – žurnale Trečias frontas nemažai rašoma apie vokiečių literatūrą, tačiau autorius (ypač paskutiniuosiuose numeriuose) domino vien kairiųjų pažiūrų rašytojai, skelbę revoliucines idėjas. Dėmesys vokiečių ekspresionizmui lietuvių literatūros kritikoje neatslūgsta iki šių dienų. Todėl tarpukaris vertintinas kaip svarbus etapas, pradėjęs ir įtvirtinęs ekspresionizmo diskursą Lietuvoje.
Yugoslav "Socialist Aestheticism" and the Emergence of Modern Children’s Poetry / Jugoslavenski „socijalistički estetizam“ i nastanak moderne poezije za djecu
Authors: Ljuštanović Jovan
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe paper deals with the ideologically conditioned changes of cultural politics in socialist Yugoslavia in the first decade after the Second World War (1945-1955) and their influences on children’s poetry. The sudden shift from party-controlled socialist realism towards freedom of (also ideologically established) scientific and artistic creativity has resulted in the artistic and ideological phenomenon that certain literary historians call socialist aesthetics. The paper will attempt to prove that the expression of this kind of aestheticism in children’s literature is modern poetry for children. Ideas of creative freedom and general social modernism were reflected in the educational politics and social welfare of children and youth. All this is expressed in poetry that gives priority to play, primarily language play, humor, and imagination over direct pedagogical function. Such poetry has its roots in folk and European literary tradition, welcoming children’s wishes and fears. It is emancipatory and simultaneously detached from many aspects of the reality of children’s lives and children’s status in society. Such poetry emerged in various ways and within various national cultures of the former socialist Yugoslavia, at the same time realizing similar, and in many ways, comparative aesthetic and social effects.  Key words: aesthetic function; children’s poetry; ideology; nonsense; play. ---  Sažetak Rad se bavi ideološki uvjetovanim promjenama kulturne politike u socijalističkoj Jugoslaviji u prvom desetljeću poslije Drugoga svjetskog rata (1945. – 1955.) i njihovim utjecajima na dječju poeziju. Nagli zaokret od partijski kontroliranog socijalističkog realizma prema slobodi (također ideološki uspostavljenoj) znanstvenog i umjetničkog stvaralaštva rezultirao je umjetničko-ideološkim fenomenom koji pojedini povjesničari književnosti nazivaju socijalističkim estetizmom. Naš rad dokazuje da je izraz takvog estetizma u dječjoj književnosti moderna poezija za djecu. Ideje stvaralačke slobode i sveopćeg društvenog modernizma reflektirale su se i u prosvjetnoj politici i u društvenoj skrbi o djeci i mladima. Sve je to našlo svoj izraz u poeziji koja daje prednost igri, i to, prije svega, igri u jeziku, humoru i mašti nad izravnom pedagoškom funkcijom. Takva poezija ima svoje izvore i u narodnoj i u europskoj književnoj tradiciji, otvorena je za dječje želje i strahove, emancipacijska je, ali je istodobno i odijeljena od mnogih aspekata stvarnoga dječjeg života i položaja djeteta u društvu. Takva je poezija na različite načine nastajala unutar različitih nacionalnih kultura nekadašnje socijalističke Jugoslavije, istodobno ostvarujući slične i po mnogo čemu usporedive estetske i socijalne učinke. Ključne riječi: dječja poezija; estetska funkcija; ideologija; igra; nonsens.
Influence of Parents and Childcare Workers on Child's Skills and Abilities in the Field of Art / Utjecaj roditelja i odgojitelja na sposobnosti i spretnosti djeteta na području likovne umjetnosti
Authors: Kljajič Andreja
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe purpose of this research was to examine the level of artistic abilities and skills of first grade pupils in the implementation of twelve art teaching units. We wanted to find specific differences among pupils taking into consideration day care in the time of early childhood (parents, grandparents and kindergarten) in order to explain whether parents' education has an influence on the development of artistic skills. Research results show that mother's and father's level of education has a significant influence on pupil's artistic development in the first grade. Taking into consideration the level of skills in the implementation of artistic tasks, pupils whose fathers and mothers have lower levels of education achieve much worse results in individual techniques than pupils whose parents have a higher level of education. Parental role of educated parents is of key importance for the artistic development of a child because they are aware that it is important to spend time with their children in the most active and creative way possible.Key words: artistic expression; father's level of education; first grade; mother's level of education; preschool day care.---SažetakU članku predstavljamo rezultate istraživanja u kojem su nas zanimale specifične razike između učenika u prvom razredu, u ovisnosti o tome gdje su preživjeli predškolsko doba. S tim rezultatima želimo objasniti utječe li okolina u kojoj dijete živi do ulaska u školu na njegov razvoj na području likovne umjetnosti. Dugoročni je cilj istraživanja smanjiti razlike između učenika na području likovne umjetnosti, koje su posljedica različitih oblika predškolskog odgoja. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da učenici koji su predškolsko doba preživjeli s roditeljima ili bakom i djedom, a ne u vrtiću, postižu bolje rezultate na likovnom području. Ti rezutati još se bolje vide prilikom crtanja s ugljanim bojama i slikanja u tehnici kolaža. Uloga roditelja, baka i djedova u predškolskom odgoju nije zanemariva. Veoma je bitno potražiti razloge za takvo stanje i izvoditi aktivnosti kako bi se pridonijelo porastu kvalitetnog izvođenja likovnih aktivnosti u vrtiću. Ključne riječi: baka i djed; likovno izražavanje; predškolski odgoj; prvi razred osnovne škole.
Elevated basal cytosolic calcium of endothelial cells influences the post-surgical outcome in diabetic CTS
Authors: Bin-Jaliah IM , Shariff MEA , Nayar PS , Chandramoorthy HC
Published: December 2016

Background

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced neuropathy and ischemia-reperfusion post-surgery prolong carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) pathology, but the effect of T2DM on the prognostic outcome of carpal tunnel (CT) release surgery needs to be investigated.

Materials and methods

A total of 64 individuals with CTS underwent CT release surgery. HbA1c levels identified their diabetic status. The individual prognostic outcomes were measured by nerve conduction velocity (NCV), amplitude, and latency. Measurement of [Ca2+]c and reactive oxygen species (ROS) from isolated endothelial cells (ECs) revealed the oxidative burden of the normal and diabetic CTS phenotypes.

Results

CTS individuals with HbA1c > 7 showed decreased NCV (≈22 m/s) and amplitude (≈4.2 mV) with increased latency (≈6 ms), compared to groups with HbA1c ≤ 7. Further to CT release surgery, the reversal of the nerve conduction to normalcy was greatly influenced by the diabetic profile of the individuals. Our results showed elevated basal [Ca2+]c and corresponding high cytosolic ROS in the ECs isolated from individuals with HbA1c > 7 compared to the diabetic and healthy control groups.

Conclusion

The individuals with diabetic index showed suboptimal neuronal performance pre- and post-CT release surgery. Oxidative stress mediated by high [Ca2+]c and ROS of ECs dissipates to adjoining cells worsening the pathology of the untreated CTS.
The role of hydrogen sulfide in homocysteine-induced cardiodynamic effects and oxidative stress markers in the isolated rat heart
Authors: Stojanovic M , Zivkovic V , Srejovic I , Jakovljevic V , Jeremic N , Djuric D
Published: December 2016

This study aimed to assess the role of H2S in homocysteine-induced cardiodynamic effects in the isolated rat heart. The hearts were retrogradely perfused according to the Langendorff technique. The maximum and minimum rates of pressure in the left ventricle (dp/dt max, dp/dt min), systolic and diastolic left ventricular pressures (SLVP, DLVP), heart rate (HR), and coronary flow (CF) were measured. A spectrophotometrical method was used to measure the following oxidative stress markers: index of lipid peroxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS), nitrite level (NO2−), superoxide anion radicals (O2•−), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentrations. The administration of 10 µmol/l DL-homocysteine (DL-Hcy) alone decreased dp/dt max, SLVP, and CF but did not change any oxidative stress parameters. The administration of 10 µmol/l DL-propargylglycine (DL-PAG) decreased all cardiodynamic parameters and increased the concentration of O2•−. The co-administration of DL-Hcy and DL-PAG induced a significant decrease in all estimated cardiodynamic parameters and decreased the concentration of NO2− and O2•− but increased the levels of TBARS and H2O2. Homocysteine shows a lower pro-oxidative effect in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S), which indicates a potential anti-oxidative capacity of H2S.
Redox regulation of mitochondrial functional activity by quinones
Authors: Krylova NG , Kulahava TA , Cheschevik VT , Dremza IK , Semenkova GN , Zavodnik IB
Published: December 2016

Quinones are among the rare compounds successfully used as therapeutic agents to correct mitochondrial diseases and as specific regulators of mitochondrial function within cells. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the redox-dependent effects of quinones on mitochondrial function. The functional parameters [respiratory activity, membrane potential, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation] of isolated rat liver mitochondria and mitochondria in intact cells were measured in the presence of eight exogenously applied quinones that differ in lipophilicity and one-electron reduction potential. The quinones affected the respiratory parameters of mitochondria, and dissipated the mitochondrial membrane potential as well as influenced (either decreased or enhanced) ROS generation, and restored the electron flow during electron transport chain inhibition. The stimulation of ROS production by juglone and 2,5-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone was accompanied by a decrease in the acceptor control and respiration control ratios, dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential and induction of the reverse electron flow under succinate oxidation in isolated mitochondria. Menadione and 2,3,5-trimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, which decreased the mitochondrial ROS generation, did not affect the mitochondrial potential and, vice versa, were capable of restoring electron transport during Complex I inhibition. In intact C6 cells, all the quinones, except for coenzyme Q10, decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Juglone, 1,4-benzoquinone, and menadione showed the most pronounced effects. These findings indicate that quinones with the reduction potential values E1/2 in the range from −99 to −260 mV were effective redox regulators of mitochondrial electron transport.
Quality changes of pear during shelf-life
Authors: Zsom T. , Zsom-Muha V. , Dénes D. L. , Baranyai L. , Felföldi J.
Published: December 2016

The aims of our research work were the investigation of postharvest changes of pear samples (Pyrus communis cv. Bosc kobak) during combined cold storage and shelf-life (storage at room temperature), the determination of quality changes by mainly non-destructive methods, the modeling of the changes of the non-destructive parameters (acoustic, impact stiffness coefficient, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters [Fv/Fm, Fm/F0]), and multivariate statistical analysis of the measured and predicted data based on the data of the non-destructive texture analysis (acoustic and impact methods), chlorophyll fluorescence analysis and laser scattering measurement. Storage Time Equivalent Value (STEV) was calculated and introduced based on mass-loss analysis. The changes of the non-destructive parameters were analyzed vs. this virtual storage time (STEV). The changes of acoustic, impact stiffness coefficient and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters can be predicted by exponential function. The predicted time constants of the parameters were 21.0, 45.8, 47.1, 83.4, acoustic, impact stiffness coefficient, Fm/F0, Fv/Fm, respectively. The lower the time constant, the quicker is the change of the given parameter during storage, the higher is its sensitivity. By this point of view, the percentage mass loss related sensitivity to the characterization of textural changes, the predicted acoustic stiffness coefficient was found to be more sensitive than the impact stiffness coefficient. The Fm/F0 value characterized more sensibly the changes of the chlorophyll fluorescence than in the literature commonly used Fv/Fm. The non-contact laser scattering method based significant PLS models were constructed to predict the quality related pear characteristics (mechanical properties, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters).
Multiple new records of Gymnoscyphus ascitus Böhlke and Robins, 1970 (Perciformes: Gobiesocidae) from the western Central Atlantic
Authors: Conway Kevin W. , Prestridge Heather L.
Published: December 2016

We document multiple new records for the deep-water clingfish species Gymnoscyphus ascitus Böhlke and Robins 1970, known previously from only nine specimens collected at the type locality along the Atlantic coast of the Lesser Antillean island of St. Vincent. Five additional specimens, four from the Caribbean Sea (Mexico, Cozumel) and one from the Atlantic (north coast of Cuba), are reported.
Scinax canastrensis (Cardoso and Haddad, 1982) (Anura: Hylidae): new record in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Moura Mário Ribeiro , Cazelli Heliomar
Published: December 2016

We report a new record of Scinax canastrensis from central region of Minas Gerais state. This record represents a range extension of ca. 175 km northeast from the type-locality, at Parque Nacional Serra da Canastra, and the third register of this species in Minas Gerais.
Range extension of Anoura fistulata Muchhala, Mena and Albuja, 2005 (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Peru
Authors: Gárate-Bernardo Paola , Carrasco-Rueda Farah
Published: December 2016

Anoura fistulata Muchhala, Mena and Albuja, 2005, is distributed from Colombia southward to Bolivia. In Peru, A. fistulata is known from the department of San Martín located in North. Here, we report the first record of A. fistulata to the department of Puno, southern Peru. This is the southernmost reported occurrence of A. fistulata in Peru, and contributes to knowledge of the distribution of this recently described species.
Mammalia, Rodentia, Sigmodontinae Wagner, 1843: new Locality records, filling gaps and geographic distribution maps from La Rioja province, northwestern Argentina
Authors: Jayat J. Pablo , Ortiz Pablo E. , González Rodrigo , Allende Rebeca Lobo , Jaén M. Carolina Madozzo
Published: December 2016

Sigmodontine rodents are well represented in northwestern Argentina, but information regarding their distribution in La Rioja is scarce. We add new information for seven species from seven localities in the Famatina range. These new records were obtained using both captures and owl pellet analysis. We cite the first record of Neotomys ebriosus in La Rioja. The collection locality is unusual for this species because of its low altitude and xeric conditions. Other notable results include the second record of Abrothrix andinus and of the genus Oligoryzomys at the province.
Anolis soinii Poe and Yañez-Miranda, 2008 (Squamata: Iguanidae: Polychrotinae): distribution extension, first records for Ecuador and notes on geographic variation
Authors: Ayala-Varela Fernando , Poe Steven , Carvajal-Campos Amaranta , Gray Levi , Davis Julian , Almendáriz Ana
Published: December 2016

The anole lizard Anolis soinii was described from a single locality in northern Peru in 2008. We report the first records of A. soinii from southern Ecuador, Provincia Zamora-Chinchipe: Valladolid-Yangana road; Romerillos Alto; Estación Científica San Francisco; Zamora-Loja road; and Refugio de Vida Silvestre El Zarza. The Valladolid-Yangana road, the nearest record, is approximately 196 km NW from the only known locality of A. soinii (Venceremos, Departamento San Martín, Peru). We also present information on lepidosis and coloration of the new specimens.
Aves, Passeriformes, Cotingidae, Phytotoma rutila (Vieillot, 1818): new record in Brazil
Authors: Sanabria José Antônio Fazio , Danilewicz Daniel , Borges-Martins Márcio
Published: December 2016

The White-tipped Plantcutter Phytotoma rutila has only one documented record for Brazil, that occurred in 1974 in the extreme west of Rio Grande do Sul. We report herein a second record - one individual photographed in April 2009 at a dunefield in the municipality of Capão da Canoa, northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul, about 700 km from the previous one. This new record corroborates the status of vagrant for this species in Brazil.
New record and distribution extension of Campylorhamphus trochilirostris (Lichtenstein, 1820) (Aves: Dendrocolaptidae) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Macarrão Arthur
Published: December 2016

Here I present the first documented record of the Red-billed Scythebill Campylorhamphus trochilirostris in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Despite its wide distribution, there was only one record in the extreme west of the state. This new locality also represents an extension from its previously known geographic distribution.
Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Eulimidae, Annulobalcis aurisflamma Simone and Martins, 1995: first record to northeastern Brazil
Authors: Queiroz Vinicius , Sales Licia , Sampaio Cláudio L. S. , Neves Elizabeth G. , Johnsson Rodrigo
Published: December 2016

The current article provides the first record of Annulobalcis aurisflamma Simone and Martins, 1995 outside São Paulo state, Brazil. Herein we extend its geographical distribution to northeastern Brazil.
New records of Astyanax pelegrini Eigenmann, 1907 and Triportheus pantanensis Malabarba, 2004 (Actinopterygii: Characiformes: Characidae) for the Río Pilcomayo National Park and Ramsar Site in the province of Formosa, Argentina
Authors: Brancolini Florencia , Protogino Lucila , Minotti Priscilla , Baigún Claudio , López Hugo , Colautti Darío
Published: December 2016

This note presents the first records of Astyanax pelegrini Eigenmann, 1907 and Triportheus pantanensis Malabarba, 2004 for the province of Formosa, Argentina from fish surveys conducted in the Río Pilcomayo National Park and Ramsar Site. In the case of T. pantanensis, this occurrence represents the first record of this species for Argentina.
TEKNIK PENYIMPANAN TEPUNG DARAH PADA SUHU YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Yulianingsih Reni , Teken Yohannes
Published: December 2016

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TEKNIK PEMBUATAN ALAT PENGAMBILAN CONTOH AIR PADA KEDALAMAN YANG DIKEHENDAKI
Authors: Sukandi Undang , Maryam Siti , Taryana Nana
Published: December 2016

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TEKNIK PENGAMBILAN CONTOH DAN ANALISIS KUALITAS AIR LAUT DI TANJUNG BALAI (SUMATERA UTARA)
Authors: Dolaria Nanik
Published: December 2016

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TEKNIK KULTUR PAKAN ALAMI DAN CARA PEMBERIANNYA
Authors: Sugito Slamet , Asnawi Asnawi
Published: December 2016

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PENENTUAN KANDUNGAN PROTEIN DAN PROKSIMAT LAINNYA DALAM PAKAN DARI SUMBER BAHAN BERBEDA UNTUK PEMELIHARAAN INDUK IKAN NAPOLEON (Cheilinus undulatus)
Authors: Darsudi Darsudi , Arsini Ari , Kenak Ayu
Published: December 2016

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PEMELIHARAAN LARVA IKAN BETUTU (Oxyeleotris Marmorata Blkr.) DALAM MEDIA DENGAN DAN TANPA PEMANAS AIR (WATER HEATER)
Authors: Sugito Slamet
Published: December 2016

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ANALISIS LOGAM BERAT MERKURI (Hg) DALAM AIR LAUT, SEDIMEN, DAN BIOTA DI LABORATORIUM
Authors: Dolaria Nanik
Published: December 2016

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ANALISIS KECERNAAN PAKAN IKAN DENGAN INDIKATOR Cr2 O3
Authors: Yulianingsih Reni
Published: December 2016

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GENE TRANSFER ON Betta imbellis THROUGH TRANSFECTION METHOD WITH DIFFERENT DNA CONCENTRATION
Authors: Kusrini Eni , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Zairin Mohammad , Sulistyowati Dinar Tri
Published: December 2016

Big size betta (Giant) have a high economic value compared to normal size betta, and over expression of growth hormone gene can produce giant fish.  As an initial step of giant transgenic betta productions, this study was conducted in order to obtain DNA plasmid concentration which provide higher hatching and survival rate of betta larvae.  Construction of PhGH pCcBA gene contains growth hormone gene of Siamese catfish (PhGH) and it is controlled by the CCBA promoter. Betta imbellis broodstocks were spawned naturally, and embryos were collected 1-2 minutes after spawning time. One hundred embryos were dipped in 2 mL of transfectan X-treme gene which containp CcBA-PhGH construction genes (50 µg/mL), on room temperature for about 30 minutes. Treatments on this study were different transfectant : DNA plasmid ratiosnamely:A (0,75 µL: 0,25 µL); B (0,75 µL : 0,50 µL); C (0,75 µL: 0,75 µL), D as Control 1(without transfectant, 0,25 µL DNA); E.as Control 2(0,75 µL transfectant, without DNA), and Fas control 3 (without transfectant and without DNA). Every treatments was repeated three times.  Transfection embryos were hatched on a container (1L Volume). Study results showed that hatching rate and larvae survival rate  (4 days after hatching) on treatment A were the same with the control, but slightly higher than B and C treatments. PCR analysis with DNA template showing that PhGH gene were found on embryos and larvae (pooled sample) of treatment A, B and C. Furthermore, RT-PCR analysis showing the existence of mRNA PhGH expression on embryos and larvae (pooled sample). Therefore, embryo transfection with transfectant ratio 0,75 µL and  DNA 0,25 µLshowing the best results.
EFFICACY OF GP-11 KHV DNA VACCINE IN Cyprinus carpio koi
Authors: Chairunnisa Sekar Ayu , Nuryati Sri , Alimuddin Alimuddin , Murtini Sri , Santika Ayi , Yanti Dwi Hany
Published: December 2016

Koi herpesvirus (KHV) is one of the major pathogen for koi and common carp which cause high mortality and economic losses for the farmer. The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of glycoprotein-11 (GP-11) KHV DNA vaccine and compared to GP-25 KHV DNA vaccine. The vaccine in the form of naked DNA plasmidwas delivered by intramuscularly injection to the 3-month-old koi. The fish were divided into six groups, i.e. unvaccinated group (negative control C- and  positive control C+), and vaccinated group (2.5 μg/100 μl of GP-11 (group 1), 7.5 μg/100 μl of GP-11 (group 2), 12.5 μg/100 μl of GP-11 (group 3), and 12.5 μg/100 μl of GP-25 (group 4)). At day 42 post vaccination, all fish of each groups were challenged by injecting KHV titre 10-3 FID50. Number of dead fish was counted everyday after the challenge until 30 days. The results showed that vaccinated fish were had survival rate of 83.33-93.33% (group 2, 3 and 4). It’s show that GP-11 KHV DNA vaccine has high efficacy. As conclusion, GP-11 DNA vaccine could be an alternative DNA vaccine for preventing KHV infection.
THE ABILITY OF FAST-GROWING TRANSGENIC AFRICAN CATFISH (Clarias gariepinus) ON PREDATOR AVOIDANCE
Authors: Marnis Huria , Iswanto Bambang , Imron Imron , Febrida Selny , Dewi Raden Roro Sri Pudji Sinarni
Published: December 2016

Research Institute for Fish Breeding has produced transgenic African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) containing stripped catfish growth hormone gene (PccBA-PhGH) with growth 19.86% faster than that of non-transgenic fish. This fish has high potential to be released and utilized for fish farming sector to increase national production. However, there is not yet information about environmental risk of this fish. One of the major fitness traits determining potential environmental risk is predator avoidance. This study aimed to determine the predator avoidance ability of transgenic African catfish in an experimental laboratory condition. In this study, thirty five individuals each of transgenic and non-transgenic with body weight of about 0.1 ± 0.019 g were communally stocked in 60 cm x 40 cm x 40 cm aquarium with limited feeding frequency (ad libitum twice a day). One day after the fish were stocked, the predators were added to each aquarium. The non-transgenic and transgenic with body weight of 1.0 ± 0.024 g were stocked as predators as many as five individual in each aquarium. After approximately two weeks of predation, all remaining fish were collected for transgenic verification by PCR method. Genomic DNA was isolated from fin tissue of individually survivors. The results of this study showed that the transgenic fish had worse predator avoidance and lower cannibal than non-transgenic (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in growth performance between transgenic and non-transgenic African catfish (P>0.05) in limited food. The transgenic fish may have lower fitness than non-transgenic.
BARCODING DNA IKAN HIAS LAHAN GAMBUT
Authors: Fahmi Melta Rini , Prasetio Anjang Bangun , Kusumah Ruby Vidia , Hayuningtyas Erma Primanita , Ardi Idil
Published: December 2016

Perairan gambut merupakan ekosistem unik yang memiliki kekayaan biodiversitas ikan, sebagian besar di antaranya memiliki potensi sebagai ikan hias. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melakukan identifikasi dan analisis keragaman genetik, karakter genetik, jarak genetik, dan pohon kekerabatan ikan-ikan yang mendiami perairan gambut Cagar Biosfere Bukit Batu Provinsi Riau. Tahap pertama penelitian ini adalah identifikasi secara morfologi terhadap 29 ikan hasil koleksi yang potensial sebagai ikan hias. Selanjutnya amplifikasi dan alignment 675 bp (base pair) dari 90 runutan parsial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan yang diidentifikasi dapat dikelompokkan menjadi enam famili, yaitu Balontidae terdiri atas tiga spesies (12,5%); Cyprinidae 13 spesies (54,17%); Cobitidae satu spesies (4,17%); Siluridae dua spesies (8,3%); Datnoidae satu spesies (4,17%); dan Bagridae empat spesies (16,67%). Beberapa spesies memiliki perbedaan genetik intraspesies lebih dari 3%. Analisis kekerabatan dan clustering ikan hias lahan gambut berdasarkan gen COI memiliki nilai bootstrap 87-99 per ulangan.Peat is a unique ecosystem which a high fish biodiversity, and most of them are potential as ornamental fish. This research was conducted to identify and analyze genetic diversity, genetic code, genetic distances, and phylogenies of the fish that inhabit in the Bukit Batu Biosfere Reserves, Riau Province. The first stage of this study was identification of 29 fish species that potential as ornamental fish by using morphological character. The further stages were amplification and alignment of 675 base pairs of 90 partial sequences of cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI). Results showed that the identification based on COI could be classified into six families. These Families were Balontidae, Cyprinidae, Cobitidae, Siluridae, Datnoidae, and Bagridae which consist of three species (12.5%), 13 species (54.17%), one species (4.17%), two species (8.3%), one species (4.17%), and four species (16.67%), respectively. Some clustered have intra-species genetic divergence more than 3%. Phylogenetic and clustering analysis showed all of the OTU (0perational Taxonomic Unit) has a high bootstrap permutation of 87-99.
PERFORMA BENIH TERIPANG PASIR, Holothuria scabra DARI SUMBER INDUK YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Sembiring Sari Budi Moria , Wardana Ida Komang , Haryanti Haryanti
Published: December 2016

Upaya pengembangan perbenihan teripang pasir bagi kelestarian populasi di alam dan pengembangan budidaya patut dilakukan. Upaya ini diperlukan mengingat semakin intensifnya penangkapan teripang di alam yang dapat menimbulkan terganggunya kelestarian populasi ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi performa pertumbuhan benih teripang pasir, mendapatkan informasi keragaman genetik dan mengestimasi laju inbreeding dari 3 sumber induk teripang yang berbeda. Tiga sumber induk berasal dari perairan Bali, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Maluku Tenggara masing-masing sebanyak 20 ekor dianalisis menggunakan mikrosatelit (SSR/Simple Sequence Repeats) dengan 3 lokus, yaitu Hsc-28; Hsc-49 dan Hsc-59. Proses pembenihan mengikuti pedoman teknis yang sudah ada dengan beberapa modifikasi. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa panjang dan bobot benih umur 6 bulan yang dihasilkan dari induk Maluku Tenggara relatif lebih tinggi (5,67 ± 0,76 cm; 13,26 ± 5,63 g) dibandingkan dengan benih dari induk Sulawesi Selatan (4,75 ± 0,91 cm; 6,3 ± 2,22 g) dan Bali (4,85 ± 0,64 cm; 6,2 ± 3,6 g). Hasil analisis mikrosatelit menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik induk teripang pasir dari ke tiga populasi tidak berbeda nyata. Hal ini berdasarkan nilai differensiasi genetik (FST= 0,2475 atau 24,75%). Laju nilai inbreeding dalam populasi induk teripang pasir cukup tinggi (FIT= 0,4237 atau 42,37%) dibandingkan dengan laju inbreeding antar populasi (FIS) adalah 0,2342 atau 23,42%. The effort of sea cucumber seed production for culture development have to be carried out. This effort is also required due to the intensive exploration of sea cucumber in the nature which could threaten of its sustainability. The aims of this research is to evaluate sea cucumber juveniles growth performance, to obtain the information on genetic variation, and to estimate the rate of inbreeding from three different sea cucumber broodstock sources. Three sources of sea cucumber were collected from Bali, South Sulawesi, and Southeast Moluccas. The total of 20 pcs from each area were analyzed by microsatellite (SSR Simple Squence Repeat) with 3 locus namely Hsc-28; Hsc-49 dan Hsc-59. Hatchery production of sea cucumber seed followed the existing manual with some modifications. Result of the experiment showed that the length and weight of 6 months old juveniles produced by Southeast Moluccas’s broodstock were relatively higher (5.67 ± 0.76 cm; 13.26 ± 5.63 g) compared to the juveniles produced by South Sulawesi’s broodstock (4.75 ± 0.91 cm; 6.30 ± 2.22 g) and Bali’s broodstock ( 4.85 ± 0.64 cm; 6.2 ± 3.6 g). Results of microsatellite analysis showed that genetic variation of the three broodstock populations was not significant different. It is based on the genetic differentiation value (FST= 0.2475 or 24.75%. The result of inbreeding rate within the broodstock of sea cucumber population was high (FIT= 0.4237 or 42.37%) compare to the rate value of inter population (FIS= 0.2342 or 23.42%.
Understanding the Role of Achievements in Game-Based Learning
Authors: Blair Lucas , Bowers Clint , Cannon-Bowers Janis , Gonzalez-Holland Emily
Published: December 2016

The objective of the current research was to examine whether one potentially effective gaming strategy—achievements—has a positive impact on learning in a game-based environment. An achievement in a video game is a reward or recognition earned by players for an in-game accomplishment. This paper describes a series of studies to evaluate the effects of achievement types on learning in a game designed to teach about health resources. The Game “Phone Dash” was used as the testbed for the following studies. The following questionnaires were utilized in this study: Video Game Self-Efficacy Scale (VGSES) questionnaire, Relevance and Usefulness questionnaire, Game Engagement Questionnaire (GEQ), and the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI). Four studies were conducted. Results indicated that while in unison, the achievements were not as potent in motivating performance, certainly when combined they produced measurable changes in behavior. The four studies described in this paper provide important information regarding the optimal design of achievements in game-based health education. Developers of future game-based learning can use this information to enhance the potential effectiveness of their products.
Personalization in Game Design for Healthcare: a Literature Review on its Definitions and Effects
Authors: Van Dooren Marierose , Visch Valentijn , Spijkerman Renske , Goossens Richard , Hendriks Vincent
Published: December 2016

Personalization, the involvement of stakeholders in the design process, is often applied in serious game design for health. It is expected to enhance the alignment of a game to the preferences and capacities of the end-user, thereby increasing the end-user’s motivation to interact with the game, which finally might enhance the aimed-for health effects of the game. However, the nature and effect of personalization have never been systematically studied, making assumptions regarding personalization ungrounded. In this literature review, we firstly provide a proposal of our Personalized Design Process-model, where personalization is defined as stakeholder involvement in the Problem Definition-, Product Design- and/or Tailoring Phase. Secondly, we conducted a systematic literature review on this model, focusing on health and its effects. In this review, 62 of the 2579 found studies were included. Analysis showed that a minority of the studies were of methodologically higher quality and some of these tested the health effect by contrasting tailored versus non-tailored games. Most studies involved stakeholders in the Tailoring Design Phase. Therefore, we conclude that involving stakeholders in the Tailoring Phase is valuable. However, to know if personalization is effective in the Product Design- and the Problem Definition Phase, more studies are needed.
Elements Explaining Learning Clinical Reasoning Using Simulation Games
Authors: Koivisto Jaana-Maija , Haavisto Elina , Niemi Hannele , Katajisto Jouko , Multisilta Jari
Published: December 2016

This article presents the findings on which elements in a game-based simulation affect learning clinical reasoning in nursing education. By using engaging gaming elements in virtual simulations and integrating the clinical reasoning process into game mechanics, games can enhance learning clinical reasoning and offer meaningful learning experiences. The study was designed to explore how nursing students experience gaming and learning when playing a simulation game, as well as which gaming elements explain learning clinical reasoning. The data was collected by questionnaire from nursing students (N = 166) in autumn 2014 over thirteen gaming sessions. The findings showed that usability, application of nursing knowledge, and exploration have the most impact on learning clinical reasoning when playing simulation games. Findings also revealed that authentic patient-related experiences, feedback, and reflection have an indirect effect on learning clinical reasoning. Based on these results, more efficient simulation games to improve clinical reasoning may be developed.
Player Experiences and Behaviors in a Multiplayer Game: designing game rules to change interdependent behavior
Authors: Vegt Niko , Visch Valentijn , Vermeeren Arnold , De Ridder Huib
Published: December 2016

Serious gaming is used as a means for improving organizational teamwork, yet little is known about the effect of individual game elements constituting serious games. This paper presents a game design experiment aimed at generating knowledge on designing game elements for teamwork. In previous work, we suggested that interaction- and goal-driven rules could guide interdependence and teamwork strategies. Based on this finding, for the present experiment we developed two versions of multiplayer Breakout, varying in rule-sets, designed to elicit player strategies of either dependent competition or dependent cooperation. Results showed that the two rule-sets could generate distinct reported player experiences and observable distinct player behaviors that could be further discriminated into four patterns: expected patterns of helping and ignoring, and unexpected patterns of agreeing and obstructing. Classic game theory was applied to understand the four behavior patterns and made us conclude that goal-driven rules steered players towards competition and cooperation. Interaction rules, in contrast, mainly stimulated dependent competitive behavior, e.g. obstructing each other. Since different types of rules thus led to different player behavior, discriminating in game design between interaction- and goal-driven rules seems relevant. Moreover, our research showed that game theory proved to be useful for understanding goal-driven rules.
Editorial
Authors: De Gloria Alessandro
Published: December 2016

This issue concludes the third year of publishing of the International Journal of Serious Games. I am thankful to the associate editors and to the reviewers, who have believed in the project and that have made it possible, with their daily work, with no external funding.
Síntese e Análise da Resistência Mecânica da Incorporação de Vidro Moído em Argamassa
Authors: Lunas Fabrícia Roberta , Silva José Carlos Gonçalves , Queiroz Thatiane Laís de Melo
Published: December 2016

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