bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of geographical origin on consumers' emotional response to alcoholic beverages: A study with wine and cider
Authors: Knowles Sophie , Falkeisen Anika , Gorman Mackenzie , Barker Sophie , Moss Rachael , McSweeney Matthew B.
Published: June 2022

Consumers do not evaluate food products exclusively using sensory properties, but rather they judge them using both intrinsic (ex. sensory properties) and extrinsic (ex. brand, packaging, geographic origin) factors. Alcoholic beverages include a wide variety of information on their packaging, with one factor being geographic origin. The purpose of this study was to determine how geographic origins can influence a consumer's emotional response to alcoholic beverages (wine and cider). First, consumers were asked to identify wine and cider‐producing countries. Then in the first trial, consumers (n = 112) evaluated wine samples from different geographic origins (France, Italy, Canada, USA, Nova Scotia [NS]). In the second trial, consumers (n = 102) evaluated cider samples labeled with different geographic origins (France, USA, Canada, United Kingdom, NS). In both trials, the samples were evaluated using the check‐all‐that apply variant of the 25‐item version of the EsSense Profile® and a purchase intent scale. The geographic origin affected the consumers' purchase intent of both wines and ciders. Participants that had higher knowledge about wine or cider, were not influenced by the geographic origin. In both trials, purchase intent scores increased when positive emotions were selected. However, the consumer's level of knowledge did not affect their emotional response to the different geographical origins. Future research should investigate how cultural background affects consumers' emotional responses, and the influence of other extrinsic factors.

Practical Applications

Consumers have emotional responses to foods and these responses begin prior to purchase. Consumers rely on the packaging (extrinsic cues) to make purchasing decisions and alcoholic beverages contain a large number of extrinsic cues. Geographical origin is an extrinsic cue that is especially important for alcoholic beverages. This study aimed to evaluate consumers' emotional responses to alcoholic beverages from different geographical origins. The geographical origin affected the consumers' emotional response and purchase intent. When consumers experienced positive emotions their purchase intent increased. Future studies should evaluate the effect of other extrinsic cues.
Epidemiology of early and late‐onset neonatal sepsis in an Australian regional special care nursery with a high proportion of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander births
Authors: Wright Natalie , Francis Laura , Bonney Dennis , Wang Zhiqiang , Francis Joshua
Published: June 2022

Aim

To describe the incidence and aetiology of early and late‐onset neonatal sepsis and compare rates in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander infants against non‐Indigenous infants in the Top End of the Northern Territory.

Methods

This was a retrospective case series of infants with positive blood or cerebrospinal fluid cultures at Royal Darwin Hospital between 2012 and 2016. Cultures from infants during initial hospital admission up to 120 days of age were included for analysis. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and treatment data were collected from medical records. Published definitions of sepsis and criteria for organism pathogenicity and were used to determine cases of sepsis.

Results

There were 52 episodes of sepsis in 45 infants. There were eight cases of early onset sepsis, with an incidence of 0.51 per 1000 live births. The incidence was similar for Aboriginal and non‐Indigenous infants. The case fatality rate was 25%. Late‐onset sepsis occurred in 44 cases, comprising 1.3% of all infants admitted to the special care nursery. Coagulase‐negative Staphylococcus was the most frequently cultured organism. Case fatality rate was 11%. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander infants had a five‐time higher risk of late‐onset sepsis compared with non‐Indigenous infants; however, their increased risk was not independent of other sepsis risk factors of low rates and prematurity.

Conclusions

The incidence of culture‐confirmed early and late‐onset sepsis was low, but case fatality was high. Bacteraemia is an important contributor to neonatal and infant mortality in our setting.
Quantifying the response of Blainville's beaked whales to U.S. naval sonar exercises in Hawaii
Authors: Jacobson Eiren K. , Henderson E. Elizabeth , Miller David L. , Oedekoven Cornelia S. , Moretti David J. , Thomas Len
Published: June 2022

Behavioral responses of beaked whales (family Ziphiidae) to naval use of mid‐frequency active sonar (MFAS) have been quantified for some species and regions. We describe the effects of MFAS on the probability of detecting diving groups of Blainville's beaked whales on the U.S. Navy Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF) in Hawaii and compare our results to previously published results for the same species at the Atlantic Undersea Test and Evaluation Center (AUTEC) in the Bahamas. We use passive acoustic data collected at bottom‐mounted hydrophones before and during six naval training exercises at PMRF along with modelled sonar received levels to describe the effect of training and MFAS on foraging groups of Blainville's beaked whales. We use a multistage generalized additive modeling approach to control for the underlying spatial distribution of vocalizations under baseline conditions. At an MFAS received level of 150 dB re 1 μPa rms the probability of detecting groups of Blainville's beaked whales decreases by 77%, 95% CI [67%, 84%] compared to periods when general training activity was ongoing and by 87%, 95% CI [81%, 91%] compared to baseline conditions. Our results indicate a more pronounced response to naval training and MFAS than has been previously reported.
Infestation rates, seasonal distribution, and genetic diversity of ixodid ticks from livestock of various origins in two markets of Yaoundé, Cameroon
Authors: Sado Yousseu Francine , Simo Tchetgna Huguette , Kamgang Basile , Djonabaye Doumani , McCall Philip J. , Ndip Roland Ndip , Wondji Charles S.
Published: June 2022

Little is known about the impact of ticks on livestock and humans in Cameroon. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, seasonal variation, and genetic diversity of hard ticks in the country. Ticks were collected during a cross‐sectional survey on domestic livestock in two markets of Yaoundé in 2019 and 2020 and identified using morphological keys, 16S ribosomal DNA, (16S rDNA), and the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (Cox1) genes. The infestation rates were 39.18%, 11.53%, and 2.74% in cattle, sheep, and goats respectively. Three genera of ticks were identified, Rhipicephalus, Amblyomma, and Hyalomma comprising eleven tick species. The main species were Rhipicephalus decoloratus (30.25%), R. microplus (24.43%), and Amblyomma variegatum (12.96%). Rhipicephalus spp. (81.31%) and Amblyomma variegatum (51.54%) were abundant during the rainy season, while Hyalomma spp. (83.86%) during the dry season (p‐value <0.00001). Cox1 and 16S rDNA analysis showed a high level of genetic diversity among tick species with sequences close to those observed across Africa. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that our R. microplus belong to clade A and we identified R. sanguineus s.l. as R. linnea. This study shows a high tick infestation rate in cattle, while low in small ruminants with an extensive diversity of tick species, including several known vectors of important tick‐borne diseases.
A prospective observational study of video laryngoscopy‐guided coaching in the pediatric intensive care unit
Authors: Laverriere Elizabeth K. , Fiadjoe John E. , McGowan Nancy , Bruins Benjamin B. , Napolitano Natalie , Watanabe Ichiro , Yamada Nicole K. , Walsh Catharine M. , Berg Robert A. , Nadkarni Vinay M. , Nishisaki Akira
Published: June 2022

Background

There are limited data on the use of video laryngoscopy for pediatric patients outside of the operating room.

Aim

Our primary aim was to evaluate whether implementation of video laryngoscopy‐guided coaching for tracheal intubation is feasible with a high level of compliance and associated with a reduction in adverse tracheal intubation‐associated events.

Methods

This is a pre‐post observational study of video laryngoscopy implementation with standardized coaching language for tracheal intubation in a single‐center, pediatric intensive care unit. The use of video laryngoscopy as a coaching device with standardized coaching language was implemented as a part of practice improvement. All patients in the pediatric intensive care unit were included between January 2016 and December 2017 who underwent primary tracheal intubation with either video laryngoscopy or direct laryngoscopy. The uptake of the implementation, sustained compliance, tracheal intubation outcomes including all adverse tracheal intubation‐associated events, oxygen desaturations (<80% SpO2), and first attempt success were measured.

Results

Among 580 tracheal intubations, 284 (49%) were performed during the preimplementation phase, and 296 (51%) postimplementation. Compliance for the use of video laryngoscopy with standardized coaching language was high (74% postimplementation) and sustained. There were no statistically significant differences in adverse tracheal intubation‐associated events between the two phases (pre‐ 9% vs. post‐ 5%, absolute difference −3%, CI95: −8% to 1%,p = .11), oxygen desaturations <80% (pre‐ 13% vs. post‐ 13%, absolute difference 1%, CI95: –6% to 5%,p = .75), or first attempt success (pre‐ 73% vs. post‐ 76%, absolute difference 4%, CI95: –3% to 11%,p = .29). Supervisors were more likely to use the standardized coaching language when video laryngoscopy was used for tracheal intubation than with standard direct laryngoscopy (80% vs. 43%, absolute difference 37%, CI95: 23% to 51%,p < .001).

Conclusions

Implementation of video laryngoscopy as a supervising device with standardized coaching language was feasible with high level of adherence, yet not associated with an increased occurrence of any adverse tracheal intubation‐associated events and oxygen desaturation.
Redox‐engineering enhances maize thermotolerance and grain yield in the field
Authors: Sprague Stuart A. , Tamang Tej Man , Steiner Trevor , Wu Qingyu , Hu Ying , Kakeshpour Tayebeh , Park Jungeun , Yang Jian , Peng Zhao , Bergkamp Blake , Somayanda Impa , Peterson Morgan , Oliveira Garcia Ely , Hao Yangfan , St. Amand Paul , Bai Guihua , Nakata Paul A. , Rieu Ivo , Jackson David P. , Cheng Ninghui , Valent Barbara , Hirschi Kendal D. , Jagadish SV Krishna , Liu Sanzhen , White Frank F. , Park Sunghun
Published: June 2022

Increasing populations and temperatures are expected to escalate food demands beyond production capacities, and the development of maize lines with better performance under heat stress is desirable. Here, we report that constitutive ectopic expression of a heterologous glutaredoxin S17 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtGRXS17) can provide thermotolerance in maize through enhanced chaperone activity and modulation of heat stress‐associated gene expression. The thermotolerant maize lines had increased protection against protein damage and yielded a sixfold increase in grain production in comparison to the non‐transgenic counterparts under heat stress field conditions. The maize lines also displayed thermotolerance in the reproductive stages, resulting in improved pollen germination and the higher fidelity of fertilized ovules under heat stress conditions. Our results present a robust and simple strategy for meeting rising yield demands in maize and, possibly, other crop species in a warming global environment.
Using field evaluation and systematic iteration to rationalize the accumulation of omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in transgenic Camelina sativa
Authors: Han Lihua , Silvestre Susana , Sayanova Olga , Haslam Richard P. , Napier Johnathan A.
Published: June 2022

The Brassicaceae Camelina sativa (gold of pleasure) is now an established niche crop and being used as a transgenic host for a range of novel seed traits. Most notable of these is the accumulation of omega‐3 long‐chain polyunsaturates such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), fatty acids normally only found in marine organisms. As part of continued efforts to optimize the accumulation of these non‐native fatty acids via seed‐specific expression of algal genes, a new series of iterative constructs was built and introduced into Camelina. Seed fatty acid composition was determined, and the presence of EPA and DHA was confirmed. To provide an additional level of evaluation, full environmental release was carried out on selected events, providing a real‐world gauntlet against which to assess the performance of these novel lines. Composition of the seed oil triacylglycerol was determined by mass spectrometry, allowing for conclusions as to the contribution of different activities to the final accumulation of EPA and DHA. Since these data were derived from field‐grown material, they also represent a robust demonstration of the stability of the omega‐3 LC‐PUFA trait in Camelina. We propose that field trialling should be routinely incorporated in the plant synthetic biology ‘design–build–test–learn’ cycle.
A case of inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus successfully treated with Brodalumab
Authors: Green Rebecca , Hunter Charlene , Chia Justin C.
Published: June 2022

Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) is a rare type of epidermal nevus, commonly arising in childhood. We present a case of a 13‐year‐old female with Blaschkoid psoriasiform plaques extending from her left foot to the scalp, sparing the right side of the body. While treatment options historically show variable success, we trialed an IL‐17a receptor inhibitor as studies have shown increased levels of IL‐17 receptor expression in ILVEN keratinocytes. At both 3 and 6 months after treatment initiation there was found to be significant improvement. We propose brodalumab as an effective treatment option for widespread ILVEN.
Comparative transcriptomic and epigenetic analyses reveal conserved and divergent regulatory pathways in barley response to temperature stresses
Authors: Li Bo , Yang Caixian , An Bingzhuang , Wang Hongpan , Albaqami Mohammed , Abou‐Elwafa Salah Fatouh , Xu Le , Xu Yanhao
Published: June 2022

DNA methylation and histone modification enable plants to rapidly adapt to adverse temperature stresses, including low temperature (LT) and high temperature (HT) stress. In this study, we conducted physiological, epigenetic, and transcriptomic analyses of barley seedlings grown under control (22°C), mild low temperature (MLT, 14°C) and HT (38°C) conditions to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. Compared to MLT, HT implies greater deleterious effects on barley seedlings' growth. The methylation‐sensitive amplification polymorphism analysis showed that MLT induced more DNA methylation and HT more DNA demethylation compared to control. Besides, the higher levels of H3K9ac and H3K4me3 under HT compared to MLT stresses might lead to the loosening of chromatin and, subsequently, the activation of gene expression. Consistently, the transcriptome analysis revealed that there were more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in plants subjected to HT stress than MLT stress compared to control. The common and unique pathways of these DEGs between MLT and HT were also analyzed. Transcription factors, such as ERF, bHLH, NAC, HSF, and MYB, were most involved in MLT and HT stress. The underlying gene regulation networks of epigenetic modulation‐related genes were further explored by weight gene co‐expression network analysis. Our study provides new insights into the understanding of epigenetic regulation responses to temperature stress in barley, which will lead to improved strategies for the development of cold‐ and heat‐tolerant barley varieties for sustainable barley production in a climate‐changing world.
Invasive weed‐based biochar facilitated the restoration of coal mine degraded land by modulating the enzyme activity and carbon sequestration
Authors: Ghosh Dipita , Maiti Subodh K.
Published: June 2022

Excessive growth of invasive weeds in reclaimed coal mine sites are undesirable as they compete for nutrient with the planted species. To overcome this problem, these invasive species may be converted to biochar and used as an amendment during reclamation. Objectives of the present study are to prepare biochar from invasive weeds and apply as amendment in an 8‐year‐old reclaimed mine spoil (RMS) and study the changes in spoil physio‐chemical properties, enzymatic activity, and C‐stock. Biochar was prepared at 450°C and applied at 10 t/ha (BC10) and 20 t/ha (BC20) in field condition. The result showed that biochar ameliorates RMS physio‐chemical properties significantly with respect to moisture content (+27%), available‐N (+3%), exchangeable‐K (+15%), and cation exchange capacity (+35%) in BC20 compared to control. Geometric mean of enzymatic activities index increase in BC10 (8) and BC20 (10.2) compared to control (5.8) indicating improved microbial activities. BC20 had significantly high recalcitrant carbon, which indicates higher C‐sequestration potential by biochar application. Additionally, the total C‐stock increased by 13 and 91% at BC10 and BC20, respectively. CO2 sequestered increased by 13% at BC10 and 91% at BC20 amendment. In‐situ production and surface application of biochar at 20 t/ha will cost 239 USD/ha. The study concluded that invasive weed biochar has the potential to improve the spoil nutritional properties (N & K), increase C‐stock and C‐sequestration potential in coal mine spoil.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DQB1*03:483 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Alzahrani Mohammed , Alanazi Hanan , Alshubaili Abdullah , Alanazi Aisha , Hajeer Ali H.
Published: June 2022

A single nucleotide change in exon 1 of HLA‐DQB1*03:01:01:03 results in the novel HLA‐DQB1*03:483 allele.
Aspectos da Cidadania Indígena: Contexto Histórico e Evolução Constitucional Emancipatória
Authors: Silva Julianne Holder da Câmara
Published: June 2022

A cidadania moderna, cumprindo seu papel de mantenedor da hegemonia capitalista, teve que ser ampliada e democratizada de modo a incluir os não-proprietários na reprodução da ordem social vigente, dando-lhes participação e pertencimento, funcionando como verdadeira intermediadora de classes, a forma encontrada pela burguesia capitalista de manter o regime dominante sem o risco de uma instabilidade social provocada pela insatisfação dos subalternos. Nesse contexto, abordaremos a evolução histórica desse processo de inclusão política, social e econômica das minorias culturais brasileiras, e como essa tendência, a partir da Constituição Federal de 88, acabou por dar visibilidade política e social aos povos indígenas, construindo uma cidadania indígena antes impensável no contexto de exclusão jurídica e social ao qual foram submetidos por séculos de dominação.
Direito à Saúde Mental e Políticas Públicas para as Pessoas com Deficiência Psicossocial em Conflito com a Lei: uma Análise das Estratégias Jurídico-Políticas de Resistência contra o Retrocesso
Authors: Correia Ludmila Cerqueira , Magno Patricia F Carlos
Published: June 2022

O desmonte das políticas sociais, com cortes na Saúde e Educação, aliado a uma política fiscal de austeridade, tem gerado graves consequências para grupos em situação de vulnerabilidade no Brasil. Um destes grupos é o das pessoas com deficiência psicossocial em conflito com a lei, que passou a ser alvo dos retrocessos na política de saúde mental a partir de medidas recentes adotadas pelo Ministério da Saúde. Com a edição da Portaria GM/MS n. 1.325/2020, o Serviço de Avaliação e Acompanhamento de Medidas Terapêuticas Aplicáveis à Pessoa com Transtorno Mental em Conflito com a Lei (EAP), foi extinto, configurando descumprimento das obrigações estatais de respeito e garantia de direitos humanos. A partir de revisão de literatura e de análise documental, este artigo objetiva discutir os meandros das estratégias jurídico-políticas adotadas para repristinar a política pública que realiza o enfrentamento da pobreza e combate à exclusão desse grupo social e apresenta os documentos elaborados pelas instituições que se mobilizaram para potencializar a política pública, à luz do direito humano ao desenvolvimento e no marco dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. As ações empreendidas contribuíram para dar visibilidade à situação desse grupo social e para os debates no campo da garantia dos seus direitos, bem como apontaram para a importância da implementação da Convenção Internacional sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência. Reafirma-se o direito à igualdade do tratamento em saúde mental para todas as pessoas com deficiência psicossocial, com os devidos arranjos institucionais na perspectiva da teoria crítica dos direitos humanos
As Repercussões do Estado Neoliberal Brasileiro Sobre Consumidores e Trabalhadores no Contexto da Pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Soares Dennis Verbicaro , Rodrigues Isabelle de Assunção
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo possui o objetivo de analisar alguns dos graves efeitos da pandemia da Covid-19 nas relações consumeristas e laborais inseridas na estrutura estatal brasileira, que, atualmente, é assumidamente neoliberal, e que, em diversos aspectos, deixou os cidadãos desassistidos, senão mediante ampla pressão social. Há uma nova realidade em curso imposta pela pandemia, com novas tendências já se concretizando e se projetando para o futuro, a exemplo de um maior consumo pelas plataformas de consumo compartilhado, bem como a ampliação do trabalho remoto. Neste particular, cumpre ressaltar a importância da efetiva proteção da parte mais vulnerável das relações econômicas e produtivas, mormente os consumidores e trabalhadores. Como pergunta central do problema de pesquisa, questiona-se se é possível reconfigurar a realidade social, para melhor, dentro de um Estado Neoliberal, que possui um projeto que dificilmente coincide com os interesses dos cidadãos – vulneráveis se comparados ao mercado. O método da pesquisa foi o hipotético-dedutivo e a metodologia de pesquisa a qualitativa, de viés exploratório e transdisciplinar, suscitando-se as categorias do Direito do Consumidor, do Direito do Trabalho e no âmbito da Ciência Política que definem a atuação de um Estado Neoliberal. Também foram utilizados dados recentes sobre os impactos da pandemia em diversos setores. Conclui-se que não será possível alcançar uma nova realidade social senão por meio de uma reconfiguração da atuação estatal, buscando-se a compatibilização dos interesses dos cidadãos com as práticas econômicas, com vistas a uma sociedade mais solidária, inclusiva e preocupada com o meio ambiente.
Governança Ambiental Transnacional em Tempos de Radicalização do Neoliberalismo e de Mudanças Climáticas: Perspectivas a Partir da Metáfora dos Regimes Planetários
Authors: Silva Andressa Pompeu da , Caovilla Maria Aparecida Lucca , Pereira Reginaldo
Published: June 2022

A partir da proposta de planetário, formulada por Bruno Latour e Dipesh Chakrabarty, com base em conceitos da ciência do sistema terrestre que confere ao Planeta o status de categoria humanista emergente, o artigo trata de aspectos de teorias desenvolvimentistas ligados às metáforas de dois dos Planetas, gerados pela grande aceleração econômica: o Exit e o Security. O estudo analisa como as pressões impostas pelo neoliberalismo ao direito internacional ambiental, em decorrência da adoção de políticas ordoliberais baseadas em instrumentos comerciais, econômicos e contratuais privados, viabilizam os dois planetas. A hipótese que guia o trabalho informa que a não implementação de arquiteturas de governança capazes de frear os efeitos devastadores da globalização econômica ao equilíbrio da ecosfera, decorre da ideia que embala o sono de grandes stakeholders globais de poderem fugir da Terra, a qual, por sua vez, tem raízes fincadas no reducionismo econômico causado pelo neoliberalismo à noção de desenvolvimento. A pesquisa é qualitativa, guiada pelo método analítico, e utiliza a revisão bibliográfica como procedimento metodológico. O texto inicia com a descrição das bases jurídico/econômicas estruturantes do neoliberalismo e da sua implementação no âmbito internacional por meio de políticas ordoliberais. Em seguida, abordam-se os paradoxos causados ao direito internacional e à governança transnacional das mudanças climáticas por instrumentos de implementação dos Planetas Exit e Security. Conclui-se que as tentativas de refrear o aquecimento global e mitigar seus efeitos são dificultadas por instrumentos regulatórios vinculados à noção de desenvolvimento econômico como horizonte único, o Omega Point.
Sofrendo de Direitos Como Paradoxos
Authors: Brown Wendy
Published: June 2022

Este artigo não se posiciona a favor ou contra os direitos, mas busca mapear alguns dos dilemas trazidos pelos direitos para articular e reparar a desigualdade e a subordinação das mulheres nos regimes constitucionais liberais. O artigo reage à pergunta feita pelo/a organizador/a de uma sessão da American Philosophical Association, expressa no título da sessão: “Qual é o valor da linguagem dos direitos para as mulheres?”. Em muitos sentidos, uma questão impossível, especialmente quando não está articulada a uma especificidade histórica, política ou cultural. Não obstante, tomei-a como uma oportunidade para considerar, em um nível muito geral, a difícil relação entre ambições feministas contemporâneas específicas e o discurso de direitos nos Estados Unidos. Há uma certa urgência política no estudo dessa relação, dada a transposição do foro – das ruas para o Tribunal – de diversos movimentos sociais nas últimas duas décadas. Se grande parte da luta contra a dominação masculina, as práticas homofóbicas e o racismo agora reside irremediavelmente no campo das reivindicações e contrar-reivindicações de direitos, quais são os perigos e as possibilidades dessa morada?
Trace and Künneth formulas for singularity categories and applications
Authors: Toën Bertrand , Vezzosi Gabriele
Published: June 2022

We present an $\ell$-adic trace formula for saturated and admissible dg-categories over a base monoidal differential graded (dg)-category. Moreover, we prove Künneth formulas for dg-category of singularities and for inertia-invariant vanishing cycles. As an application, we prove a categorical version of Bloch's conductor conjecture (originally stated by Spencer Bloch in 1985), under the additional hypothesis that the monodromy action of the inertia group is unipotent.
Generic local deformation rings when
Authors: Shotton Jack
Published: June 2022

We determine the local deformation rings of sufficiently generic mod $l$ representations of the Galois group of a $p$-adic field, when $l \neq p$, relating them to the space of $q$-power-stable semisimple conjugacy classes in the dual group. As a consequence, we give a local proof of the $l \neq p$ Breuil–Mézard conjecture of the author, in the tame case.
SPECIES COMPOSITION OF WOLF (CANIS LUPUS) HELMINTH FAUNA IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Uakhit R. , Smagulova A. , Lider L. , Leont'ev S. , Berber A. , Kiyan V.
Published: June 2022

The article presents data on the study of the species composition of wolf helminth fauna in the period from 2019 to 2021. A total of 39 wolves (Canis lupus) were examined, and their parasite fauna was assessed. The study identified the following types of helminths Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia krabbei, Dypilidium spp., Mesocestoides spp., Toxascaris leonina, Trichinella nativa, Dirofilaria repens. The extensiveness of the invasion wolves by helminths was relatively high in the western part region (96.5%), and towards the north-central part region, this indicator significantly decreased (65.2%). The average number of helminths was high, with some infected animals carrying several types of parasites. Thus, the intensity of invasion by helminths in wolves was 7.6 specimens per infected individual host. The research aimed to study the endoparasitic fauna of wild wolves using complex classical parasitological and molecular genetic methods. Samples of helminths were differentiated by amplification and sequencing using the marker gene cytochrome oxidase COX1 (GenBank accession number: MT877205, MZ505444, MZ669895, MZ724175). There is a need to assess the distribution of helminths in intermediate and final hosts populations and provide appropriate health education to avoid maintaining parasite life cycles and infestations, which will become a public health problem in the future.
Effect of Morphology and Concentration of Two Carbon Allotropes on the Enhancement of Specific Heat Capacity of Eutectic Molten Salt
Authors: Jahan Salim Nusrat , Rahman Md. Ashiqur , Firoz Shakhawat H.
Published: June 2022

This study aims at investigating the effect of nanoparticle morphology and concentration on the specific heat capacity of a molten salt used as thermal energy storage material in concentrated solar power plants. Binary carbonate salt eutectic (lithium carbonate and potassium carbonate at a molar ratio of 62:38, respectively) is used as the base material. Two different carbon allotropes, graphite nanoparticles (Gp) and carbon nanotube (CNT) are used as dopants to look into the morphological effect on specific heat (Cp). A series of experiments are carried out to systematically investigate the effect of nanoparticle concentration by varying the mass percentages of carbon allotropes (2 wt.%, 4 wt.%, and 6 wt.%) in the base material. The specific heat capacity of the samples is measured both in solid (250 °C and 400 °C) and liquid phases (520°–560 °C) using a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results show a maximum enhancement of 35% in Cp for 6 wt.% Gp -based salt in the liquid phase. CNT-based nanomaterials exhibit a maximum enhancement of 20% for 4 wt.% CNT inclusion in the liquid phase. The superior performance of Gp compared to CNT and mass concentration-controlled specific heat is explained using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. FESEM and EDS analysis confirm the presence and the composition of the compressed layer, respectively. These layers are considered to be responsible for the anomalous increase in specific heat capacity at different mass concentrations for the carbon allotropes.
ZnO piezoelectric coatings used for the ultrasonic excitation of longitudinal-transverse waves and their application for smart bolts
Authors: Jiang Yanghui , Li Jingyu , Jiao Guangming , Li Wensheng , Liu Yan , Wang Chuan , Xia Binhong , Wan Binhua , Zhang Jun , Pelenovich Vasiliy , Liu Sheng , Yang Bing
Published: June 2022

The accurate measurement of the prestress for bolt has been intensively investigated in recent years. Many research studies have been conducted to improve the accuracy of prestress measurement using ultrasound techniques; in particular, the real-time prestress of bolt can be obtained without the requirements to calibrate the original load when ultrasonic longitudinal and transverse waves are applied simultaneously. However, there are few studies that have focused on ultrasonic transducers that can generate longitudinal and transverse waves simultaneously. Furthermore, research on coatings deposited directly on the top of the bolts for the excitation of longitudinal and transverse waves has not been reported. ZnO coating is widely used for the ultrasonic transducer due to its excellent piezoelectric property and stable structure in high temperatures. Therefore, it is an outstanding candidate for the excitation of both longitudinal and transverse waves and has a good application prospect in the field of bolt prestress measurement by ultrasonic sound wave with high accuracy. In this paper, ZnO piezoelectric coatings were deposited on (100)-oriented Si substrates by radio frequency sputtering techniques. The morphology, structure, and echo signal characteristics of the coatings were characterized by SEM, AFM, XRD, and ultrasonic measurement instruments. The experimental results showed that Ar/O2 ratio and deposition position exhibited significant effects on the excitation waveform of the ZnO piezoelectric coating. When the Ar/O2 ratio reduced to 1:3, the coating could excite both transverse and longitudinal waves. However, when the deposition position gradually moved away from the sputtering center, the transverse wave gradually enhanced. The coating could excite a pure transverse wave when the sample was at the edge of the effective sputtering area, which showed that the type of the excitation wave and the relative intensity of each wave could be well controlled by the Ar/O2 ratio and deposition position. These research results have a good application prospect in bolt stress measurement.
From Medals to Minutes: Time on Camera for Men and Women During the 2020 Tokyo Olympics on NBC Television
Authors: Arth Zachary W. , Pike Mackenzie P. , Angelini James R.
Published: June 2022

This study assessed the time on camera dedicated to men and women athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo. An analysis of all of NBC’s Olympic programming, consisting of both the flagship prime-time broadcasts and the additional content on their network, yielded nearly 230 hr of Olympic content to code. In the 62 hr of prime-time coverage, women received 57.95% of the time on camera. During the non-prime-time coverage, which spanned 167 hr, women again received the majority of clock time, accounting for 55.22%. In addition, differences by sport were uncovered with the major differences occurring in gymnastics and beach volleyball, both of which saw much more hours dedicated to the women’s competitions. Utilizing agenda setting as the theoretical framework for this study, ramifications for these broadcast trends and differences are discussed.
Simple Approach to Defining Training Intensity in Endurance Runners
Authors: Foster Carl , Barroso Renato , Bok Daniel , Boullosa Daniel , Casado Arturo , Cortis Cristina , de Koning Jos J. , Fusco Andrea , Haugen Thomas
Published: June 2022

Training intensity distribution is important to training program design. The zones 1 to 2 boundary can be defined by the Talk Test and the rating of perceived exertion. The zones 2 to 3 boundary can be defined by respiratory gas exchange, maximal lactate steady state, or, more simply, by critical speed (CS). The upper boundary of zone 3 is potential defined by the velocity at maximum oxygen uptake (vVO2max), although no clear strategy has emerged to categorize this intensity. This is not normally definable outside the laboratory. Purpose: This study predicts vVO2max from CS, determined from 1 (1.61 km) and 2 (3.22 km) citizen races in well-trained runners. Methods: A heterogeneous group of well-trained runners (N = 22) performed 1- and 2-mile races and were studied during submaximal and maximal treadmill running to measure oxygen uptake, allowing computation of vVO2max. This vVO2max was compared with CS. Results: vVO2max (4.82 [0.53] m·s−1) was strongly correlated with CS (4.37 [0.49] m·s−1; r = .84, standard error of estimate [SEE] = 0.132 m·s−1), 1-mile speed (5.09 [0.51] m·s−1; r = .84, SEE = 0.130 m·s−1), and 2-mile speed (4.68 [0.49] m·s−1; r = .86, SEE = 0.120 m·s−1). Conclusions: CS, calculated from 2 citizen races (or even training time trials), can be used to make reasonable estimates of vVO2max, which can be used in the design of running training programs.
Absolute optical chiral analysis using cavity-enhanced polarimetry
Authors: Bougas Lykourgos , Byron Joseph , Budker Dmitry , Williams Jonathan
Published: June 2022

Chiral analysis is central for scientific advancement in the fields of chemistry, biology, and medicine. It is also indispensable in the development and quality control of chiral compounds in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Here, we present the concept of absolute optical chiral analysis, as enabled by cavity-enhanced polarimetry, which allows for accurate unambiguous enantiomeric characterization and enantiomeric excess determination of chiral compounds within complex mixtures at trace levels, without the need for calibration, even in the gas phase. Our approach and technology enable the absolute postchromatographic chiral analysis of complex gaseous mixtures, the rapid quality control of complex mixtures containing chiral volatile compounds, and the online in situ observation of chiral volatile emissions from a plant under stress.
Forecasting mechanical failure and the 26 June 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra Volcano, Galápagos, Ecuador
Authors: Gregg Patricia M. , Zhan Yan , Amelung Falk , Geist Dennis , Mothes Patricia , Koric Seid , Yunjun Zhang
Published: June 2022

Using recent advancements in high-performance computing data assimilation to combine satellite InSAR data with numerical models, the prolonged unrest of the Sierra Negra volcano in the Galápagos was tracked to provide a fortuitous, but successful, forecast 5 months in advance of the 26 June 2018 eruption. Subsequent numerical simulations reveal that the evolution of the stress state in the host rock surrounding the Sierra Negra magma system likely controlled eruption timing. While changes in magma reservoir pressure remained modest (<15 MPa), modeled widespread Mohr-Coulomb failure is coincident with the timing of the 26 June 2018 moment magnitude 5.4 earthquake and subsequent eruption. Coulomb stress transfer models suggest that the faulting event triggered the 2018 eruption by encouraging tensile failure along the northern portion of the caldera. These findings provide a critical framework for understanding Sierra Negra’s eruption cycles and evaluating the potential and timing of future eruptions.
Ethylene modulates translation dynamics in
Arabidopsis
under submergence via GCN2 and EIN2
Authors: Cho Hsing-Yi , Chou Mei-Yi , Ho Hsiu-Yin , Chen Wan-Chieh , Shih Ming-Che
Published: June 2022

General translational repression is a key process that reduces energy consumption under hypoxia. Here, we show that plant stress-activated general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) was activated to regulate the reduction in polysome loading during submergence in
Arabidopsis
. GCN2 signaling was activated by ethylene under submergence. GCN2 activity was reduced in
etr1-1
, but not in
ein2-5
or
eil1ein3
, under submergence, suggesting that GCN2 activity is regulated by a noncanonical ethylene signaling pathway. Polysome loading was not reduced in
ein2-5
under submergence, implying that ethylene modulates translation via both EIN2 and GCN2. Transcriptomic analysis demonstrated that EIN2 and GCN2 regulate not only general translational repression but also translational enhancement of specific mRNAs under submergence. Together, these results demonstrate that during submergence, entrapped ethylene triggers GCN2 and EIN2 to regulate translation dynamics and ensure the translation of stress response proteins.
Asymmetric synthesis of flavanols via Cu-catalyzed kinetic resolution of chromenes and their anti-inflammatory activity
Authors: Yang Qingjing , Wang Zihao , Hor Catherine Hong Huan , Xiao Haitao , Bian Zhaoxiang , Wang Jun (Joelle)
Published: June 2022

Flavanols are privileged heterocyclic compounds in medicinal chemistry. It is notable to develop an efficient and straightforward protocol for accessing chiral flavanols with precise control of the stereocenters. Here, a highly efficient kinetic resolution of chromenes was reported via Cu-catalyzed asymmetric hydroboration. This previously unidentified approach features a one-step synthesis of chiral flavan-3-ols containing two vicinal stereogenic centers via a highly efficient kinetic resolution (
s
factor up to 1060, >99% ee for most products). In addition, the anti-inflammation effects of these diversified flavan-3-ols were studied by the in vitro experiments and RNA sequencing analysis. These flavan-3-ols showed inhibitory effects on the secretion of pro-inflammation cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α), as well as inhibiting the inflammation responses through down-regulating the gene transcriptions closely related to PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and TNF signaling pathway. The results suggested that these newly synthesized flavan-3-ols have the potential to be lead compounds for anti-inflammatory drugs.
Concordance of hydrogen peroxide–induced 8-oxo-guanine patterns with two cancer mutation signatures of upper GI tract tumors
Authors: Jin Seung-Gi , Meng Yingying , Johnson Jennifer , Szabó Piroska E. , Pfeifer Gerd P.
Published: June 2022

Oxidative DNA damage has been linked to inflammation, cancer, and aging. Here, we have mapped two types of oxidative DNA damage, oxidized guanines produced by hydrogen peroxide and oxidized thymines created by potassium permanganate, at a single-base resolution. 8-Oxo-guanine occurs strictly dependent on the G/C sequence context and shows a pronounced peak at transcription start sites (TSSs). We determined the trinucleotide sequence pattern of guanine oxidation. This pattern shows high similarity to the cancer-associated single-base substitution signatures SBS18 and SBS36. SBS36 is found in colorectal cancers that carry mutations in
MUTYH
, encoding a repair enzyme that operates on 8-oxo-guanine mispairs. SBS18 is common in inflammation-associated upper gastrointestinal tract tumors including esophageal and gastric adenocarcinomas. Oxidized thymines induced by permanganate occur with a distinct dinucleotide specificity, 5′T-A/C, and are depleted at the TSS. Our data suggest that two cancer mutational signatures, SBS18 and SBS36, are caused by reactive oxygen species.
Reciprocity between a retrograde signal and a putative metalloprotease reconfigures plastidial metabolic and structural states
Authors: Wang Jin-Zheng , van de Ven Wilhelmina , Xiao Yanmei , He Xiang , Ke Haiyan , Yang Panyu , Dehesh Katayoon
Published: June 2022

Reconfiguration of the plastidial proteome in response to environmental cues is central to tailoring adaptive responses. To define the underlying mechanisms and consequences of these reconfigurations, we performed a suppressor screen, using a mutant (
ceh1
) accumulating high levels of a plastidial retrograde signaling metabolite, MEcPP. We isolated a revertant partially suppressing the dwarf stature and high salicylic acid of
ceh1
and identified the mutation in a putative plastidial metalloprotease (VIR3). Biochemical analyses showed increased VIR3 levels in
ceh1
, accompanied by reduced abundance of VIR3-target enzymes, ascorbate peroxidase, and glyceraldehyde 3-phophate dehydrogenase B. These proteomic shifts elicited increased H
2
O
2
, salicylic acid, and MEcPP levels, as well as stromule formation. High light recapitulated VIR3-associated reconfiguration of plastidial metabolic and structural states. These results establish a link between a plastidial stress-inducible retrograde signaling metabolite and a putative metalloprotease and reveal how the reciprocity between the two components modulates plastidial metabolic and structural states, shaping adaptive responses.
An innate IL-25–ILC2–MDSC axis creates a cancer-permissive microenvironment for
Apc
mutation–driven intestinal tumorigenesis
Authors: Jou Eric , Rodriguez-Rodriguez Noe , Ferreira Ana-Carolina F. , Jolin Helen E. , Clark Paula A. , Sawmynaden Kovilen , Ko Michelle , Murphy Jane E. , Mannion Jonathan , Ward Christopher , Matthews David J. , Buczacki Simon J. A. , McKenzie Andrew N. J.
Published: June 2022

Interleukin-25 (IL-25) and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) defend the host against intestinal helminth infection and are associated with inappropriate allergic reactions. IL-33–activated ILC2s were previously found to augment protective tissue-specific pancreatic cancer immunity. Here, we showed that intestinal IL-25–activated ILC2s created an innate cancer-permissive microenvironment. Colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with higher tumor
IL25
expression had reduced survival and increased IL-25R–expressing tumor-resident ILC2s and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) associated with impaired antitumor responses. Ablation of IL-25 signaling reduced tumors, virtually doubling life expectancy in an
Apc
mutation–driven model of spontaneous intestinal tumorigenesis. Mechanistically, IL-25 promoted intratumoral ILC2s, which sustained tumor-infiltrating MDSCs to suppress antitumor immunity. Therapeutic antibody-mediated blockade of IL-25 signaling decreased intratumoral ILC2s, MDSCs, and adenoma/adenocarcinoma while increasing antitumor adaptive T cell and interferon-γ (IFN-γ)–mediated immunity. Thus, the roles of innate epithelium-derived cytokines IL-25 and IL-33 as well as ILC2s in cancer cannot be generalized. The protumoral nature of the IL-25–ILC2 axis in CRC highlights this pathway as a potential therapeutic target against CRC.
Immune gains through brain drains
Authors: Novaira Horacio , Pillai Asha
Published: June 2022

In a mouse model of pneumococcal meningitis, skull channels provide extravascular signaling to the skull marrow capable of initiating local marrow hematopoiesis.
Supplemental Material: Thermal history modeling techniques and interpretation strategies: Applications using HeFTy
Authors: Murray K.E. , al. et
Published: June 2022

HeFTy modeling tutorial, Tables S1–S4, Figure S1.
An Experimental Complex for Researching High Velocity Magnetic Hydrodynamic Flows
Authors: Masloboev I. A. , Fomichev V. P. , Shevchenko A. B. , Yadrenkin M. A.
Published: June 2022

A magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) stand based on a shock tube is described. A distinctive feature of this apparatus is the presence of a system for generating a magnetic field with an induction of up to 2.5 T and devices for ionization of the flow (electron gun, current generators), which makes it possible to solve a wide range of problems in magnetoplasma aerodynamics. The design features of the MHD test bench make it possible to simulate the MHD effect on the flow structure during flow around the investigated bodies under conditions of high-speed flight in the Earth’s atmosphere at the flow Mach numbers M = 6–12. The main experimental techniques used at the stand are considered. Examples of the results of the study of MHD effects obtained with this setup are presented.
Using medical education as a tool to train doctors as social innovators
Authors: Khan Nagina , Rogers Anne , Melville Colin , Shankar Rohit , Gilliar Wolfgang , Byrne Peter , Serafimov Alex , Sira Mahalingappa Sridevi , Sehdev Simran , Sri Anna , Dave Subodh
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Current medical education prepares doctors to diagnose, assess and treat individual patients yet lacks the expectation to be responsible for the care of the wider community. Learning the skills to recognise and redress the social determinants of health are increasingly being recognised as an essential part of medical education.

Objectives

The goal of this research was (1) to investigate how medical education can be leveraged to reduce health inequalities through the role and practice of doctors and (2) to elucidate how key innovations in medical education are a necessity that can support doctors as ‘change agents.’

Methods

Two international multidisciplinary roundtable focus groups with 23 healthcare leaders from various backgrounds were facilitated. The discussions were audiorecorded, transcribed and then thematically analysed with the qualitative analysis software QDA Miner.

Results

Eight themes emerged: (1) Social innovation training in medical education; (2) Linking community working with social innovation; (3) Future curricula development; (4) Settings, context, environment and leaving the classroom; (5) Developing links with third sector organisations and community, including low-income and middle-income countries; (6) Including learners’ perspectives and lived experience; (7) Medical roles are political and need political support and (8) The need to address power imbalances and impact of discrimination.

Conclusions

Medical education needs to fundamentally widen its focus from the individual doctor–patient relationship to the doctor–community relationship. Doctors’ training needs to help them become social innovators who can balance interventions with prevention, promote good health on a community and societal scale and tailor their treatments to the individuals’ contexts.