bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Baicalin on the Expression and Activity of CYP3A Induce the Pharmacokinetic Changes of Midazolam in Rats
Authors: Tian Xin , Cheng Zhen-Yu , Jin Han , Gao Jie , Qiao Hai-Ling
Published: April 2013

Baicalin, a flavonoid compound isolated fromScutellaria baicalensis, has been shown to possess antiinflammatory, antiviral, antitumour, and immune regulatory properties. The present study evaluated the potential herb-drug interaction between baicalin and midazolam in rats. Coadministration of a single dose of baicalin (0.225, 0.45, and 0.90 g/kg, i.v.) with midazolam (10 mg/kg, i.v.) in rats resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in clearance (CL) from 25%  (P<0.05)to 34%  (P<0.001)with an increase inAUC0−∞from 47%  (P<0.05)to 53%  (P<0.01). Pretreatment of baicalin (0.90 g/kg, i.v., once daily for 7 days) also reduced midazolam CL by 43%  (P<0.001), with an increase inAUC0−∞by 87%  (P<0.01). Multiple doses of baicalin decreased the expression of hepatic CYP3A2 by approximately 58%  (P<0.01)and reduced midazolam 1′-hydroxylation by 23%  (P<0.001)and 4′-hydroxylation by 21%  (P<0.01)in the liver. In addition, baicalin competitively inhibited midazolam metabolism in rat liver microsomes in a concentration-dependent manner. Our data demonstrated that baicalin induced changes in the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in rats, which might be due to its inhibition of the hydroxylation activity and expression of CYP3A in the liver.
Experience with Oesophageal Cancer: A Ten-Year Single Centre Study Reflecting Daily Practice
Authors: Loffeld R. J. L. F. , Dekkers P. E. P.
Published: April 2013

Introduction. Studied patients with oesophageal cancer do not represent normal daily presentation. Aim. A retrospective study was done in all consecutive patients in order to describe presentation, treatment, and survival. Patients. All patients in a ten-year period were included. Patients were grouped in three groups. Group 1: no metastases and potentially curable, dead, or alive at time of evaluation. Group 2: patients presenting with metastases and treated with palliative chemotherapy, and group 3: patients with or without metastases but untreatable because of low Karnofsky index or important comorbidity rendering treatment not feasible. Results. One hundred thirty one evaluable patients were included. There was no difference in histological type of the tumour. Patients in group 3 were significantly older. Survival was not different between groups 2 and 3. Survival in group 1 was significantly longer () compared with groups 2 and 3. Patients in group 1 received treatment with chemoradiation and surgery. Patients in groups 2 and 3 were more often treated with palliative chemotherapy and endoscopic stenting. Conclusion. The overall survival of oesophageal cancer in normal daily life is poor. Supportive care seems to be the best treatment option in patients with metastases or low Karnofsky index. Palliative chemotherapy does not add to overall survival.
Split Bregman Iteration Algorithm for Image Deblurring Using Fourth-Order Total Bounded Variation Regularization Model
Authors: Xu Yi , Huang Ting-Zhu , Liu Jun , Lv Xiao-Guang
Published: April 2013

We propose a fourth-order total bounded variation regularization model which could reduce undesirable effects effectively. Based on this model, we introduce an improved split Bregman iteration algorithm to obtain the optimum solution. The convergence property of our algorithm is provided. Numerical experiments show the more excellent visual quality of the proposed model compared with the second-order total bounded variation model which is proposed by Liu and Huang (2010).
Generation of Bessel Surface Plasmon Polaritons in a Finite-Thickness Metal Film
Authors: Kurilkina S. N. , Belyi V. N. , Kazak N. S.
Published: April 2013

A theory of generation of low- and high-index Bessel surface plasmon polaritons and their superposition in a metal film of a finite thickness is developed. Correct analytical expressions are obtained for the field of two families of Bessel surface plasmon polariton modes formed inside and outside the metal layer. The intensity distribution near the boundary of the layer has been calculated and analyzed. A scheme for the experimental realization of a superposition of Bessel surface plasmon polaritons is suggested. Our study demonstrates that it is feasible to use the superposition of Bessel surface plasmon polaritons as a virtual tip for near-field optical microscopy with a nanoscale resolution.
Interaction among Cells of Bone, Immune System, and Solid Tumors Leads to Bone Metastases
Authors: Roato Ilaria
Published: April 2013

Bone metastases are a dismal consequence for different types of solid tumors, such as breast, prostate, lung, and kidney cancer. The mechanisms regulating the interactions among bone, immune system, and tumor cells have been deeply investigated, and many studies are ongoing to define the specific role of the different cells in the bone metastatic process. The affinity of some tumors to growth in bone results from the special microenvironment provided by bone. Moreover, immune system and bone have a bidirectional relationship: bone cells express surface molecules ruling the expansion of hemopoietic stem cells from which all cells of the mammalian immune system derive, and various immunoregulatory cytokines influence the fate of bone cells. The last findings allow to extend the concept of vicious cycle and add T cells as mediators of the tumor growth in bone.
A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Lung That Produced Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Interleukin-6
Authors: Takeuchi Nobuhiro , Yamamoto Kento , Naba Kazuyoshi
Published: April 2013

A 77-year-old woman visited our institution complaining of general fatigue. Chest radiography revealed masses in the upper and middle lung fields. Pathological findings for an endoscopic biopsy specimen revealed squamous cell carcinoma. High-grade fever developed and blood analyses revealed sustained elevated white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels. Cytokine production by tumor cells was suspected; both serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (117 pg/mL; normal: <57.5 pg/mL) and interleukin-6 (83.5 pg/mL; normal: <2.41 pg/mL) levels were high. Immunohistochemical examination of biopsy specimens showed positive staining with antigranulocyte colony-stimulating factor and anti-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibodies. Diagnosis of a tumor that produced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6 was established. The patient was administered best supportive therapy since she was not eligible for surgical treatment because of her poor respiratory function. She died from interstitial pneumonia exacerbation two months after this diagnosis. We present a female with squamous cell carcinoma of the lung that produced granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-6.
Dexamethasone Inhibits Podocyte Apoptosis by Stabilizing the PI3K/Akt Signal Pathway
Authors: Yu-Shengyou  , Li Yu
Published: April 2013

Corticosteroids like dexamethasone (DEX) are well-established treatments for the glomerular disease that sustain renal function, at least in part, by protecting podocytes from apoptotic death. In this study, we found that PAN causes abnormal expression of the PI3K-binding protein CD2AP, reducing PI3K/Akt signaling and promoting podocyte apoptosis. In contrast, DEX restores CD2AP-PI3K-Akt-GSK3βsignaling, which promotes the activity of antiapoptotic proteins and inhibits the activity of proapoptotic proteins. In addition, we also found that CD2AP was aberrantly colocalized with p85. Normal CD2AP mRNA expression and subcellular protein distribution were maintained in the PAN + DEX group, and DEX coapplication also reduced CD2AP-p85 colocalization. PAN evoked a concentration-dependent decrease in p-Akt and p-GSK3βexpressions, with p-Akt expression reaching a nadir at 15 min and p-GSK3βexpression at 30 min. DEX treatment induced a concentration-dependent reversal of PAN-induced p-Akt and p-GSK3βdownregulation. The PI3K inhibitor LY294002 blocked p-Akt and p-GSK3βexpressions in podocytes. Cells treated with PAN exhibited a significantly higher apoptosis rate than untreated or vehicle-treated cells. Furthermore, LY294002 exacerbated PAN-induced apoptosis. DEX cotreatment caused a significant concentration-dependent decrease in PAN-induced apoptosis. These results strongly suggest that DEX protects podocytes by stabilizing the expression and subcellular distribution of CD2AP and by maintaining the expression of phosphor-activated Akt and GSK3β.
Magnesium Borate Synthesis by Microwave Energy: A New Method
Authors: Kipcak Azmi Seyhun , Moroydor Derun Emek , Piskin Sabriye
Published: April 2013

Magnesium borates are one of the major groups of boron minerals that have important properties such as high heat and corrosion resistances and high coefficients of elasticity. In this study, magnesium borate minerals are synthesized using boric acid and magnesium oxide with a new method of microwave, and the synthesized minerals are characterized by various analysis techniques. The results show that pure, “magnesium borate hydrate” minerals are obtained at the end of various steps. The characterization of the products is determined with the techniques of X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Raman Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Additionally, overall “magnesium borate hydrate” yields are calculated and found about 67% at 270 W, 8 minutes and 360 W, 3 minutes of reaction times, respectively.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Flocculation Properties of Branched Cationic Polyacrylamide
Authors: Sun Weimin , Zhang Guangcheng , Pan Ling , Li Helin , Shi Aihua
Published: April 2013

A water soluble branched cationic polyacrylamide (BCPAM) was synthesized using solution polymerization. The polymerization was initiated using potassium diperiodatocuprate, K5[Cu(HIO6)2](Cu(III)), initiating the self-condensing vinyl copolymerization of acrylamide and acryloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (DAC) monomer. The resulting copolymer was characterized by the use of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Its flocculation properties were evaluated with standard jar tests of sewage. The effects of initiator concentration, monomer concentration, reaction temperature, and the mass ratio of monomers on intrinsic viscosity and flocculation properties of the product were determined using single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiment.
Analysis of Feature Fusion Based on HIK SVM and Its Application for Pedestrian Detection
Authors: Su Song-Zhi , Chen Shu-Yuan
Published: April 2013

This work presents the fusion of integral channel features to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of pedestrian detection. The proposed method combines the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) and local binary pattern (LBP) features by a concatenated fusion method. Although neural network (NN) is an efficient tool for classification, the time complexity is heavy. Hence, we choose support vector machine (SVM) with the histogram intersection kernel (HIK) as a classifier. On the other hand, although many datasets have been collected for pedestrian detection, few are designed to detect pedestrians in low-resolution visual images and at night time. This work collects two new pedestrian datasets—one for low-resolution visual images and one for near-infrared images—to evaluate detection performance on various image types and at different times. The proposed fusion method uses only images from the INRIA dataset for training but works on the two newly collected datasets, thereby avoiding the training overhead for cross-datasets. The experimental results verify that the proposed method has high detection accuracies even in the variations of image types and time slots.
HPV Prevalence and Prognostic Value in a Prospective Cohort of 255 Patients with Locally Advanced HNSCC: A Single-Centre Experience
Authors: Thibaudeau E. , Fortin B. , Coutlée F. , Nguyen-Tan P. , Weng X. , Audet M.-L. , Abboud O. , Guertin L. , Christopoulos A. , Tabet J. , Soulières D.
Published: April 2013

Background. HPV is a positive prognostic factor in HNSCC. We studied the prevalence and prognostic impact of HPV on survival parameters and treatment toxicity in patients with locally advanced HNSCC treated with concomitant chemoradiation therapy.Methods. Data on efficacy and toxicity were available for 560 patients. HPV was detected by PCR. Analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Fisher’s test for categorical data, and log-rank statistics for failure times.Results. Median follow-up was 4.7 years. DNA extraction was successful in 255 cases. HPV prevalence was 68.6%, and 53.3% for HPV 16. For HPV+ and HPV−, median LRC was 8.9 and 2.2 years (P=0.0002), median DFS was 8.9 and 2.1 years (P=0.0014), and median OS was 8.9 and 3.1 years (P=0.0002). Survival was different based on HPV genotype, stage, treatment period, and chemotherapy regimen. COX adjusted analysis for T, N, age, and treatment remained significant (P=0.004).Conclusions. Oropharyngeal cancer is increasingly linked to HPV. This study confirms that HPV status is associated with improved prognosis among H&N cancer patients receiving CRT and should be a stratification factor for clinical trials including H&N cases. Toxicity of CRT is not modified for the HPV population.
Disturbance Observer Based Control of Small Unmanned Aerial Rotorcraft
Authors: Lei Xusheng , Guo Kexin , Sam Ge Shuzhi
Published: April 2013

As a complex system, the control performance of small unmanned aerial rotorcraft is easily affected by the dynamic model errors, measurement errors, and environment disturbances. This paper proposes a disturbance observer based control method to improve performance. The disturbance observer based control is constructed by the feedback control and a series of integral filters. The system stability can be guaranteed by the feedback control method. Furthermore, the disturbances can be estimated and eliminated quickly by the integral filters. Therefore, the control performance can be improved effectively. The control performance of the disturbance observer based control has been validated by a series of flight tests. Compared with feedback control, the disturbance observer based control yields a better tracking performance in the presence of disturbances.
Effects of Visceral Fat Accumulation Awareness on a Web-Based Weight-Loss Program: Japanese Study of Visceral Adiposity and Lifestyle Information—Utilization and Evaluation (J-VALUE)
Authors: Sakane Naoki , Dohi Seitaro , Sakata Koichi , Hagiwara Shin-ichi , Morimoto Toshihisa , Uchida Takanobu , Katashima Mitsuhiro , Yanagisawa Yoshiko , Yasumasu Takeshi , Study Group J-VALUE
Published: April 2013

A reduction of visceral fat is important for improvement of metabolic risk. This study was designed to compare the effects of a web-based program alone or together with measurement and self-awareness of accumulated visceral fat in Japanese workers. A new noninvasive device to measure visceral fat accumulation was introduced, and efficacy on weight-loss and improvement of healthy behaviors were examined. This study was conducted according to Helsinki declaration and approved by the ethical committee of Japan Hospital Organization, National Kyoto Hospital. Two-hundred and sixteen overweight and obese males with BMI of more than 23 participated from 8 healthcare offices of 3 Japanese private companies. Subjects were randomly allocated into control group, Web-based weight-loss program (Web), or Web + Visceral fat measurement group (Web + VFA). Eighty-one percent of participants completed the study. Reductions of body weight, waist circumference, and BMI were the largest in Web + VFA group, and the differences between groups were significant by ANOVA. Improvements of healthy behaviors were the largest in Web + VFA group, and the differences of healthy eating improvement scores between Web + VFA and control groups were significant. Our findings suggest that measurement and awareness of visceral fat are effective in weight reduction in overweight and obese males in the workplace.
Validation of the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire: Does the Traditional Chinese Medicine Concept of Body Constitution Exist?
Authors: Wong Wendy , Lam Cindy Lo Kuen , Wong Vivian Taam , Yang Zhi Min , Ziea Eric T. C. , Kwan Andrew Ka Lun
Published: April 2013

The study aims to adapt and validate the Constitution in Chinese Medicine Questionnaire (CCMQ) in Hong Kong Chinese people. 10 patients and 10 Chinese medicine practitioners (CMP) confirmed the content validity (CVI: 50%–100%) of CCMQ. 1084 HK subjects completed a cross-sectional study with 98.6% who could be classified into one or more BC types. Scaling success rates were 85.7%–100% for the 9 BC scales. Construct validity was supported by moderate correlations between CCMQ and SF-12v2 scores. The confirmatory factor analysis showed a reproducible structure as hypothesized. People with gentleness BC type had better health-related quality of life, HRQOL, than those with other (imbalanced) BC types. Internal consistency (reliability) (Cronbach’s alpha  >  0.6) and test-retest reliability were also satisfactory (ICC > 0.6) for all scales. However, the sensitivity and specificity in predicting the BC types diagnosed by CMP were only fair, ranging from 42.7% to 82.7%. 27.6% of subjects had a change from the imbalanced BC types to gentleness BC type after 6 months. The CCMQ was adapted for HK Chinese people and proved to be valid, reliable, and responsive. People classified to have imbalanced BC types had significantly lower HRQOL than gentleness BC type, which supported the validity and importance of the TCM concept of the physiological BC type.
Role of Obesity in Asthma Control, the Obesity-Asthma Phenotype
Authors: Novosad Shannon , Khan Supriya , Wolfe Bruce , Khan Akram
Published: April 2013

Asthma is a disease with distinct phenotypes that have implications for both prognosis and therapy. Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated an association between asthma and obesity. Further studies have shown that obese asthmatics have poor asthma control and more severe asthma. This obese-asthma group may represent a unique phenotype. The mechanisms behind poor asthma control in obese subjects remain unclear, but recent research has focused on adipokines and their effects on the airways as well as the role of oxidative stress. Both surgical and nonsurgical weight loss therapy have shown promising results with improvements in asthma control and decreased asthma severity. Comorbid conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease and obstructive sleep apnea may also have a role in poor asthma control in obese asthmatics. Further research is needed to define the mechanisms behind this phenotype which will guide the development of targeted therapies.
A New Method Based on the RKHSM for Solving Systems of Nonlinear IDDEs with Proportional Delays
Authors: He Changbo , Lv Xueqin , Niu Jing
Published: April 2013

An efficient computational method is given in order to solve the systems of nonlinear infinite-delay-differential equations (IDDEs) with proportional delays. Representation of the solution and an iterative method are established in the reproducing kernel space. Some examples are displayed to demonstrate the computation efficiency of the method.
Visual Loss, Homonymous Hemianopia, and Unilateral Optic Neuropathy as the Presenting Symptoms of Vertebrobasilar Dolichoectasia
Authors: Mortzos Panteleimon , Sørensen Torben Lykke
Published: April 2013

Vertebrobasilar dolichoectasia (VBD) is a relatively rare disorder for which unfortunately there is no treatment. Here we describe a case of simultaneous pre- and postchiasmal visual pathway pathology secondary to a space occupying VBD. In addition our patient demonstrates one of the very few cases of VBD compression of the retrochiasmal pathway with no other cranial nerve involvement.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antibacterial Activity of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) Complexes of Schiff's Base Type Ligands Containing Benzofuran Moiety
Authors: Reddy N. Shashidhar , Shankara B. S. , Krishana P. Murali , Basavaraj C. , Mahesh B.
Published: April 2013

Six new complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), and Hg(II) with substituted benzofuran derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, magnetic moments, conductance measurements, spectral characterization, and so forth. Elemental data coincide with the general formula MLC1n, where L = (E)-7-Methoxy-N1-(2,4,5-trimethoxy benzylidene) benzofuran-2-carbohydrazide (L1) or (E)-N1-(2,6-dichloro benzylidene)-7-methoxy benzofuran-2-carbohydrazide (L2), of the complexes. The ligands coordinate to the metal ions through the oxygen of the carbonyl group and the nitrogen of the hydrazine group. Electronic spectral data of the complexes suggests the probable geometry is octahedral in nature. All the complexes and ligands were screened for their antibacterial activity. Among them, Co, Ni, and Cu complexes of L2 showed good activity against all microbes.
Xiao-Xu-MingDecoction Protects against Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption and Neurological Injury Induced by Cerebral Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats
Authors: Lan Rui , Xiang Jun , Wang Guo-Hua , Li Wen-Wei , Zhang Wen , Xu Li-Li , Cai Ding-Fang
Published: April 2013

Xiao-Xu-Mingdecoction (XXMD) is an effective prescription in the treatment of ischemic stroke, but the mechanisms involved are not well known. In the present study, 120 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham control (sham), ischemia and reperfusion (IR), and IR plus 15, 30, and 60 g/kg/day XXMD. The stroke model was induced by 90 min of middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by reperfusion. The brain lesion areas were evaluated by 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining, and neurological deficits were observed at different time points after reperfusion. Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption was evaluated by assessing brain water content and Evans blue content. Pathological changes in BBB ultrastructure were observed with transmission electron microscopy. MMP-9, -2, and VEGF expression levels were quantitatively determined by western blotting and immunohistochemistry. We found that XXMD (60 g/kg/day) treatment reduced cerebral infarct area, improved behavioral function, and attenuated ultrastructure damage and permeability of BBB following ischemia and reperfusion. Moreover, XXMD downregulated the expression levels of MMP-9, -2, and VEGF. These findings indicate that XXMD alleviates BBB disruption and cerebral ischemic injury, which may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of MMP-9, -2, and VEGF.
Evaluation of a Propolis Water Extract Using a Reliable RP-HPLC Methodology andIn VitroandIn VivoEfficacy and Safety Characterisation
Authors: Rocha Bruno Alves , Bueno Paula Carolina Pires , Vaz Mirela Mara de Oliveira Lima Leite , Nascimento Andresa Piacezzi , Ferreira Nathália Ursoli , Moreno Gabriela de Padua , Rodrigues Marina Rezende , Costa-Machado Ana Rita de Mello , Barizon Edna Aparecida , Campos Jacqueline Costa Lima , de Oliveira Pollyanna Francielli , Acésio Nathália de Oliveira , Martins Sabrina de Paula Lima , Tavares Denise Crispim , Berretta Andresa Aparecida
Published: April 2013

Since the beginning of propolis research, several groups have studied its antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. However, most of these studies have only employed propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) leading to little knowledge about the biological activities of propolis water extract (PWE). Based on this, in a previous study, we demonstrated the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activities of PWE. In order to better understand the equilibrium between effectiveness and toxicity, which is essential for a new medicine, the characteristics of PWE were analyzed. We developed and validated an RP-HPLC method to chemically characterize PWE and PEE and evaluated thein vitroantioxidant/antimicrobial activity for both extracts and the safety of PWE via determining genotoxic potential usingin vitroandin vivomammalian micronucleus assays. We have concluded that the proposed analytical methodology was reliable, and both extracts showed similar chemical composition. The extracts presented antioxidant and antimicrobial effects, while PWE demonstrated higher antioxidant activity and more efficacious for the most of the microorganisms tested than PEE. Finally, PWE was shown to be safe using micronucleus assays.
Efficient Sensor Localization for Indoor Environments Using Classification of Link Quality Patterns
Authors: Ha Young-guk , Eun Ae-cheoun , Byun Yung-cheol
Published: April 2013

In ubiquitous sensor networks (USN), sensor node localization is normally performed with global positioning system (GPS) or radio signal strength (RSS) between a target node and reference nodes. Because GPS is not available in indoor environments, RSS-based approach is commonly used for indoor localization. However, RSS-based approach is hard to be applied to real indoor environments (e.g., home) because of signal interferences with various indoor obstacles such as walls, doors, furniture, and electric appliances. In this paper, we propose an efficient indoor localization method for Zigbee sensor nodes by classifying link quality indicator (LQI) patterns between a target node and multiple reference nodes rather than using calculation with RSS values. And we also present the results of indoor localization experiments in our ubiquitous home network test bed using the proposed localization method.
Gaps between Adolescent Risk Behaviors and Disclosure during Outpatient Visits
Authors: Hill Linda L. , Hovell Melbourne , Blumberg Elaine , Kelley Norma , Baird Sara , Sipan Carol , Schmitz Katharine , Friedman Lawrence
Published: April 2013

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine the gaps between disclosed high-risk behaviors in low-income, mainly Hispanic youth and the identification of these risks by health care providers. Methods. This cross-sectional study included youth 13–19 years old who participated in a study on latent tuberculosis treatment. Youth were interviewed at baseline by bilingual research assistants; the provider visit was assessed by the chart review. Results. Of 221 youth, the majority (96%) were identified as Hispanic, 45% were foreign-born, and 46% were male. A total of 399 risk behaviors were revealed to research staff by the participants; only 24 risk behaviors were revealed to providers. Conclusions. The majority of risk behaviors based on the chart review were neither queried nor disclosed to the physicians. Physicians providing care to adolescents should consider strategies to improve disclosure as a necessary precursor to interventions.
Differences of Excess and Deficiency Zheng in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B by Urinary Metabonomics
Authors: Sun Shujun , Dai Jianye , Fang Junwei , Gou Xiaojun , Cao Huijuan , Zheng Ningning , Wang Yang , Zhang Wei , Zhang Yongyu , Jia Wei , Hu Yiyang
Published: April 2013

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) physicians stratify patients with the same disease into different subtypes in order to guide the appropriate treatment, which is called Zheng (TCM syndrome) classification. Excess and deficiency ZHENG is a couple of basic ZHENGs of maladjusted body nature, reflecting the struggling state of human body and pathogenic factor and is important and prevalently exists in the ZHENG classification of many diseases. The present work using chronic hepatitis B (CHB) as an entry point explored the substance connotation of excess and deficiency ZHENG with the metabonomic technology based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The different substantial basis of two ZHENGs suggested that CHB patients could be categorized into two groups with diverse pathogenesis. The differential metabolites and disturbed pathways compared to not-obvious ZHENG characters patients (without ZHENG group/WZ) were selected in both of the two ZHENGs. The ROC analysis demonstrated that five metabolites had a greater potential to be the clinic biomarkers of EZ or DZ. And excess ZHENG revealed a higher level of immune function than deficiency ZHENG. We are eager to transform the concept of traditional excess and deficiency ZHENGs to modern therapeutic approaches, with the prospect to help to promote personalized medicine.
Wavelet-Based Dynamic Texture Classification Using Gumbel Distribution
Authors: Qiao Yu-Long , Song Chun-Yan , Wang Fu-Shan
Published: April 2013

Dynamic texture classification has attracted growing attention. Characterization of a dynamic texture is vital to address the classification problem. This paper proposes a dynamic texture descriptor based on the dual-tree complex wavelet transform and the Gumbel distribution. The method takes out the median values of coefficient magnitudes in each nonoverlapping block of a detail subband and models them with the Gumbel distribution. The classification is realized by comparing the similarity between the estimated distributions of all detail subbands. The experimental results on the benchmark dynamic texture database demonstrate better histogram fitting and promising classification performance of the dynamic texture descriptor compared with the current existing methods.
Current Surgical Options for the Management of Pediatric Glaucoma
Authors: Morales Jose , Al Shahwan Sami , Al Odhayb Sami , Al Jadaan Ibrahim , Edward Deepak P.
Published: April 2013

Currently, there are numerous choices for the treatment of pediatric glaucoma depending on the type of glaucoma, the age of the patient, and other particularities of the condition discussed in this review. Traditionally, goniotomy and trabeculotomy ab externo have been the preferred choices of treatment for congenital glaucoma, and a variety of adult procedures adapted to children have been utilized for other types of pediatric glaucoma with variable results and complications. More recently, seton implantations of different types have become more popular to use in children, and newer techniques have become available including visualized cannulation and opening of Schlemm’s canal, deep sclerectomy, trabectome, and milder more directed cyclodestructive procedures such as endolaser and transcleral diode laser cyclophotocoagulation. This paper reviews the different surgical techniques currently available, their indications, results, and most common complications to allow the surgeon treating these conditions to make a more informed choice in each particular case. Although the outcome of surgical treatment in pediatric glaucoma has improved significantly, its treatment remains challenging.
Evaluation of Combination Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Ziziphus mucronata Willd. subsp. mucronata Willd. and Antibiotics against Clinically Important Bacteria
Authors: Olajuyigbe Olufunmiso Olusola , Afolayan Anthony Jide
Published: April 2013

A pragmatic approach to the treatment of infectious diseases with multicausal agents and prevention of the development of resistant isolates is the combination of herbal remedies with the first‐line antimicrobial agents to which most of them have become resistant. This study evaluated the interactions between the ethanolic bark extract of Ziziphus mucronata with known antimicrobial agents in vitro. In this study, the results showed that varied zones of inhibitions (ZME—chloramphenicol (17–42 mm), ZME—amoxicillin (17–35 mm), ZME—tetracycline (17–36 mm), ZME—ciprofloxacin (20–41 mm), ZME—nalidixic acid (17–34 mm), and ZME—kanamycin (17–38 mm)) were produced by the antibacterial combinations. At the highest combined concentrations, 12 isolates (ZME—ciprofloxacin) > 10 isolates (ZME—chloramphenicol) = (ZME—kanamycin) > 6 isolates (ZME—amoxicillin) = (ZME—nalidixic acid) and 5 isolates (ZME—tetracycline) were inhibited with zones of inhibition greater than 20 ± 1.0 mm. Although the agar diffusion assay suggested that the interactions between the ethanolic extract of Z. mucronata and the antibiotics were both synergistic and additive in nature, the fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICI) showed that the interactions were synergistic (54.17%), additive (27.78%), indifferent (16.67%), and antagonistic (1.39%). While the fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) for synergism ranged between 0.00391 and 0.5, that of additivity ranged between 0.516 and 1.0, indifferences ranged between 1.062 and 3.0 and antagonistic interaction was 5.0. The synergistic effects implied that the antibacterial combinations would be more effective and useful in the treatment of multicausal and multidrug‐resistant bacteria than a single monotherapy of either antibacterial agent.
The Systems Biology of Stem Cell Released Molecules—Based Therapeutics
Authors: Maguire Greg , Friedman Peter
Published: April 2013

Most therapeutics are based on the traditional method of reductionism where a clinically defined condition is broken down into a defined biochemical pathway underlying the condition, then a target in the pathway is identified, followed by developing a drug to interact with the target, modifying the target such that the disease is ameliorated. Biology acts as a system, therefore reductionist approaches to developing therapeutics are limited in therapeutic value because disease or traumatized tissue involves multiple underlying pathways, only a part of the pathways underlying the disease is manipulated by the traditional therapeutic. Much data regarding stem cells shows that their beneficial effects are not restricted to their ability to differentiate, but is more likely due in large part to their ability to release a multitude of molecules. Stem cells release potent combinations of factors that modulate the composition of the cellular milieu to evoke a multitude of responses from neighboring cells. Therefore, stem cells represent a natural systems-based biological factory for the production and release of a multitude of molecules that interact with the system of biomolecular circuits underlying an indication. Current research includes efforts to define, stimulate, enhance, and harness stem cell released molecules (SRM) to develop systems-therapeutics.
A Novel Enhanced Positioning Trilateration Algorithm Implemented for Medical Implant In-Body Localization
Authors: Brida Peter , Machaj Juraj
Published: April 2013

Medical implants based on wireless communication will play crucial role in healthcare systems. Some applications need to know the exact position of each implant. RF positioning seems to be an effective approach for implant localization. The two most common positioning data typically used for RF positioning are received signal strength and time of flight of a radio signal between transmitter and receivers (medical implant and network of reference devices with known position). This leads to positioning methods: received signal strength (RSS) and time of arrival (ToA). Both methods are based on trilateration. Used positioning data are very important, but the positioning algorithm which estimates the implant position is important as well. In this paper, the proposal of novel algorithm for trilateration is presented. The proposed algorithm improves the quality of basic trilateration algorithms with the same quality of measured positioning data. It is called Enhanced Positioning Trilateration Algorithm (EPTA). The proposed algorithm can be divided into two phases. The first phase is focused on the selection of the most suitable sensors for position estimation. The goal of the second one lies in the positioning accuracy improving by adaptive algorithm. Finally, we provide performance analysis of the proposed algorithm by computer simulations.
Spoke Model for Calculating Reliability Index and Safety Factor of Slopes
Authors: Wang Ping , Liu Dongyan , Huang Haibin , Liu Dongsheng
Published: April 2013

Considering the disadvantages of the slice method commonly employed in reliability analysis of slopes, a novel method (Spoke model) was proposed for reliability analysis and safety factor calculation of slopes in this work based on geometrical relationship among slices. The safety factor and the coefficients of limit state function of slopes could be achieved with the Gaussian integral method. The minimum safety factor and the minimum reliability index, as well as their corresponding coordinates on the slip surface, can be calculated with the improved JC method and the searching method. A novel and practical method for reliability analysis of slopes has been achieved. With this method the slice process could be avoided, which helps to eliminate some calculation errors caused by oversimplified assumption. Moreover, the explicit expression of safety factor in this method requires no repeated iterative solution, which is employed in traditional slice methods, as well as can be developed into a limit state function required by calculation of the reliability index. It is demonstrated that this method works efficiently and succinctly in evaluation of reliability index and safety factor for soil slopes.
The Role of Optical Radiations in Skin Cancer
Authors: Ayala Fabrizio , Palla Marco , Di Trolio Rossella , Mozzillo Nicola , Ascierto Paolo A.
Published: April 2013

Purpose. Electromagnetic radiation with wavelength in the range 100 nm to 1 mm is known as optical radiation and includes ultraviolet radiation, the visible spectrum, and infrared radiation. The deleterious short- and long-term biological effects of ultraviolet radiation, including melanoma and other skin cancers, are well recognized. Infrared radiation may also have damaging biological effects.Methods. The objective of this review was to assess the literature over the last 15 years and to summarize correlations between exposure to optical radiation and the risk of melanoma and other cancers.Results. There is a clear correlation between exposure to UV radiation and the development of skin cancer. Most importantly, a strong association between artificial UV radiation exposure, for example, tanning devices, and the risk of melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma has been clearly demonstrated. There is no clear evidence that exposure to IR and laser radiation may increase the risk of skin cancer, although negative health effects have been observed.Conclusions. Preventative strategies that involve provision of public information highlighting the risks associated with exposure to sunlight remain important. In addition, precautionary measures that discourage exposure to tanning appliances are required, as is legislation to prevent their use during childhood.
Certain Properties of a Class of Close-to-Convex Functions Related to Conic Domains
Authors: Ul-Haq Wasim , Mahmood Shahid
Published: April 2013

We aim to define a new class of close-to-convex functions which is related to conic domains. Many interesting properties such as sufficiency criteria, inclusion results, and integral preserving properties are investigated here. Some interesting consequences of our results are also observed.
Laccase Production from a Temperature and pH Tolerant Fungal Strain ofTrametes hirsuta(MTCC 11397)
Authors: Dhakar Kusum , Pandey Anita
Published: April 2013

Laccase production by a temperature and pH tolerant fungal strain (GBPI-CDF-03) isolated from a glacial site in Indian Himalayan Region (IHR) has been investigated. The fungus developed white cottony mass on potato dextrose agar and revealed thread-like mycelium under microscope. ITS region analysis of fungus showed its 100% similarity withTrametes hirsuta. The fungus tolerated temperature from 4 to 48°C ± 2 (25°C opt.) and pH 3–13 (5–7 opt.). Molecular weight of laccase was determined approximately 45 kDa by native PAGE. Amplification of laccase gene fragment (corresponding to the copper-binding conserved domain) contained 200 bp. The optimum pH for laccase production, at optimum growth temperature, was determined between 5.5 and 7.5. In optimization experiments, fructose and ammonium sulfate were found to be the best carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, for enhancing the laccase production. Production of laccase was favored by high carbon/nitrogen ratio. Addition of CuSO4(up to 1.0 mM) induced laccase production up to 2-fold, in case of 0.4 mM concentration. Addition of organic solvents also induced the production of laccase; acetone showed the highest (2-fold) induction. The study has implications in bioprospecting of ecologically resilient microbial strains.
A Hybrid Stochastic-Interval Analytic Hierarchy Process Approach for Prioritizing the Strategies of Reusing Treated Wastewater
Authors: Jing Liang , Chen Bing , Zhang Baiyu , Li Pu
Published: April 2013

This paper proposes a hybrid stochastic-interval analytic hierarchy process (SIAHP) approach to address uncertainty in group decision making by integrating interval judgment, probabilistic distribution, lexicographic goal programming, and Monte Carlo simulation. A case study related to wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent reuse was conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. Four candidate alternatives including city moat landscaping, municipal reuse, industrial reuse, and agricultural irrigation were evaluated by five experts according to technical, economic, and environmental criteria. The results suggest that industrial reuse (0.18–0.3) is more preferred over municipal reuse (0.16–0.25) or agricultural irrigation (0.17–0.26) in most replications. The final score of city moat landscaping ranges from 0.11 to 0.31 which indicates a great divergence of expert opinions. It can be concluded that choosing industrial reuse seems to give the best overall account of technical, economic, and environmental concerns. The proposed SIAHP approach can aid group decision making by accommodating linguistic information and dealing with insufficient information or biased opinions.
Extract ofRhus vernicifluaBark Suppresses 2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene-Induced Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Authors: Park Dong Ki , Lee Yang Gi , Park Hye-Jin
Published: April 2013

Rhus vernicifluaStokes (RV) has traditionally been used as a food supplement and a traditional herbal medicine for centuries in Korea. Recent studies suggest that RV has potent antioxidative, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of RV from mice sensitized with 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) and activated macrophages were investigated. The results showed that RV reduced ear swelling and hyperplasia of ear tissue as well as an increase in vascular permeability, which are characteristics of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) with evident histomorphological changes in epidermis and dermis. Decreased numbers of infiltrated mast cells were seen in RV extract treated group, using toluidine blue staining. RV extract significantly regulates the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) at the translational level in activated macrophages. Furthermore, RV extract and its active compound, fisetin, attenuated the level of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Anti-ACD effect of RV extract may be due to the suppression of iNOS and proinflammatory cytokines which might be mediated via the NFκB signaling pathways. Collectively, RV extract has potential for alleviating ACD-like symptoms induced by DNFB in the mouse.
Cognitive Load of Learner Control: Extraneous or Germane Load?
Authors: Vandewaetere Mieke , Clarebout Geraldine
Published: April 2013

Computer-based learning environments become more tailored when learners can exert control over one or more parts of the learning process. Learner control (LC) demands additional efforts of learners because, in addition to learning, they also have to monitor that learning. As a consequence, LC may cause additional cognitive load and even cognitive overload. The central question in this study is what type of cognitive load is induced by LC and whether the experienced load is related to learning outcomes. For this study, half of the students had control over task selection, while the other half had not. Within each condition, students were assigned to a single treatment, with the primary task to solely focus on the learning content, and a dual treatment, comprising a primary task and a secondary task. The results indicate that LC did not impose higher cognitive load as measured by secondary task scores and mental effort ratings.
Ulinastatin Suppresses Burn-Induced Lipid Peroxidation and Reduces Fluid Requirements in a Swine Model
Authors: Luo Hong-Min , Du Ming-Hua , Lin Zhi-Long , Hu Quan , Zhang Lin , Ma Li , Wang Huan , Wen Yu , Lv Yi , Lin Hong-Yuan , Pi Yu-Li , Hu Sen , Sheng Zhi-Yong
Published: April 2013

Objective. Lipid peroxidation plays a critical role in burn-induced plasma leakage, and ulinastatin has been reported to reduce lipid peroxidation in various models. This study aims to examine whether ulinastatin reduces fluid requirements through inhibition of lipid peroxidation in a swine burn model.Methods. Forty miniature swine were subjected to 40% TBSA burns and were randomly allocated to the following four groups: immediate lactated Ringer's resuscitation (ILR), immediate LR containing ulinastatin (ILR/ULI), delayed LR resuscitation (DLR), and delayed LR containing ulinastatin (DLR/ULI). Hemodynamic variables, net fluid accumulation, and plasma thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentrations were measured. Heart, liver, lung, skeletal muscle, and ileum were harvested at 48 hours after burn for evaluation of TBARS concentrations, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and tissue water content.Results. Ulinastatin significantly reduced pulmonary vascular permeability index (PVPI) and extravascular lung water index (ELWI), net fluid accumulation, and water content of heart, lung, and ileum in both immediate or delayed resuscitation groups. Furthermore, ulinastatin infusion significantly reduced plasma and tissue concentrations of TBARS in both immediate or delayed resuscitation groups.Conclusions. These results indicate that ulinastatin can reduce fluid requirements through inhibition of lipid peroxidation.
Older Adults and Substance-Related Disorders: Trends and Associated Costs
Authors: Rosen Daniel , Heberlein Emily , Engel Rafael J.
Published: April 2013

Purpose. The aim of this study is to examine the changing service profile of older adults receiving substance abuse services over the past decade and the increased costs of treating this population. Design and Methods. Medicaid claims for mental health and substance abuse services data from a medium sized county in an eastern state were analyzed for individuals aged 50 years and older in calendar year 2000 or 2009. Univariate statistics are presented to describe the substance abuse and mental health services used by older adults in these two years. Results. The number of low-income older adults who accessed services for treatment and who had a substance-related diagnosis grew from 545 individuals in 2000 to 1,653 individuals in 2009. Costs for services utilized by older adults with a substance-related diagnosis rose by 358% from $2.1 million in 2000 to $9.5 million in 2009. Implications. The increase in the number of low-income older adults with a substance-related disorder and the concomitant rise in total spending for Medicaid reimbursed services indicate that local and state social service providers need to prepare for an older adult population who will need appropriate substance abuse prevention and treatment programs.