bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the effectiveness of inpatient treatment of children with comorbid pathology
Authors: Konovalov Oleg E. , Modestov A.A. , Ulishchenko I.A. , Gudkov R.A.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. A comprehensive approach in providing of medical aid to a child with comorbid pathology is intended to mean that child receives high-quality diagnostics, treatment, rehabilitation and informational support in the full extent in regard to all the diseases child has. The main problems of this category of patients are need of expanding treatment and diagnostic activities, attracting of consultants and also increasing of resource costs and breakdown of response to treatment. The goal of research is to study the efficiency of hospital treatment of children with comorbidities in complex examination and treatment. Material and methods. It was examined 616 children aged 7-14 years, hospitalized for asthma. At the same time, 368 children had comorbidities. One half of patients with comorbid pathology received a comprehensive examination and taking into account comorbidities, the other half - a standard set of examination and treatment of the main disease. The survey of parents and catamnestic observation of patients for 1 year was carried out. Results. The presence of comorbidities in children with bronchial asthma, in particular the obesity and gastroenterological diseases, has a significant negative impact on the course of asthma, the efficiency of its therapy and the need for medical aid. The results of the study showed that children with high levels of comorbidity have more frequent and prolonged hospitalizations. Comprehensive screening and early treatment of comorbidities reduces the incidence of exacerbations, the risk of emergency hospitalizations and improves asthma control. Discussion. An increase in the duration of hospitalization of patients with comorbid pathology may be associated with a severity of the main illness and a lower rate of response to therapy, possibly with reduced compliance. Although the presence of comorbidities contributes to the lengthening of hospitalization, a comprehensive examination and treatment does not increase the duration of the child’s stay in the hospital. Conclision. The expansion of diagnostic and therapeutic actions in relation to concomitant diseases in a patient with bronchial asthma within the framework of hospitalization increases the clinical and economic efficiency of treatment measures, reduces the subsequent burden on the hospital and out-patient hospital, increases the assessment of medical care by parents and their adherence to the prescribed treatment.
The toxicity of the technical product, derived triazolinones
Authors: Rakitskii Valery N. , Chkhvirkiya E.G. , Epishina T.M.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Technical products that are part of pesticides recommended for use in agriculture must undergo a comprehensive sanitary and Toxicological examination, which is the basis for preventing the adverse effects of pesticides on the health of workers and the population, as well as on the sanitary state of the environment. Purpose of research - the study of the biological effect of the technical product derived triazolinthionov, with its repeated oral intake in mammals (rats), justification of the permissible daily dose (DSD) for humans. Material and methods. Chronic (12 months) experiment was conducted on male rats with a body weight of 200-210 g tested doses: 5.0; 50.0 and 500.0 mg/kg body weight (1 control and 3 experimental groups and 20 individuals each). In the dynamics of the experiment, we observed the condition and behavior of animals, water and food consumption, fixed the timing of death, recorded changes in body weight, physiological, biochemical and hematological parameters. Results. It was found that the dose of 5.0 mg/kg body weight does not cause significant changes in all studied parameters, doses of 50.0 and 500.0 mg/kg body weight had a polytropic effect on the body of experimental animals. Discussion. The studied technical product at repeated intake in doses of 50,0 and 500,0 mg/kg of body weight causes changes in the state of the Central nervous system of animals (statistically significant changes in SPP, total activity, path length, rest time), as well as changes in carbohydrate, lipid, and lipoprotein metabolism in the body, as evidenced by statistically significant changes in biochemical and hematological indicators. Consequently, doses of 50,0 and 500,0 mg/kg of body weight have a polytropic effect on the body of male rats and are effective. The dose of 5.0 mg/kg of body weight, when administered in animals of the experimental group in comparison with animals of the control group, there are no changes in all the studied parameters throughout the experiment, is accepted as invalid. On the basis of an inactive dose of 5.0 mg/kg of body weight and a reserve factor of 100, we have scientifically justified DSD for humans at the level of 0.05 mg/kg. Conclusion. Studies have shown that long-term repeated oral administration of the studied product into the body of animals (male rats) at a dose of 5.0 mg per 1 kg of body weight does not cause statistically significant changes in all the studied parameters, so the indicated dose is invalid. Doses of 50,0 and 500,0 mg/kg MT have a polytropic effect on the body of male rats and are effective. DSD for humans at the level of 0.05 mg/kg is justified based on the inactive dose at the level of 5.0 mg per 1 kg of body weight, established in a 12-month chronic experiment conducted on male rats, and the reserve coefficient of 100 (taking into account the unexpressed specific and long-term effects).
Toxicological competence of students as principle of educating improvement in medical university
Authors: Barachevskiy Yuri E. , Soloviev A.G. , Kubasov R.V.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Chemicals are spread in all human life spheres that proposed a high risqué of poisons and occasions. In this one it’s urgent to improve of toxicological training of medical staff. Aim: to reveal a basic knowledge at students about toxicology for developing a new offer in studying of this discipline in medical education facilities. Material and methods. A survey of students of the Northern State Medical University was conducted on the subject of their awareness of the household, environmental and industrial aspects of chemical hazard, the structure of chemicals in the environment of the Arkhangelsk region. Results. The degree of awareness on the basic issues of toxicology, as well as the readiness of medical students to provide first aid to people poisoned by chemicals outside the medical organization, their knowledge of the procedure for conducting preventive measures and the adoption of organizational and medical decisions in case of mass poisoning turned out to be unsatisfactory, which is due to extremely insufficient attention to discipline «Toxicology» in the implementation of the educational program. Conclusions. It is proposed to take into account the results of students’ knowledge for the correction of the learning process with a focused study of the structure of household and industrial chemicals specific to the territory of residence and employment, as well as the assessment of chemicals from the standpoint of medical and tactical characteristics. The necessity of restoring the academic discipline «Toxicology and radiology with medical protection against toxic substances» with at least 3 credits and developing an interdepartmental program in a medical university within the framework of a new scientific and practical direction - toxicological preventology is substantiated.
In-house training for service company employees using information technology
Authors: Ilyashenko Lubov K. , Smirnova Zhanna V. , Vaganova Olga I. , Kaznacheeva Svetlana N. , Bystrova Natalia V.
Published: June 2020

The article reveals the structure of the content of in-house training and retraining of employees, reflects the principles on which training is based and the functions that are performed by in-house professional training. Throughout the world and in Russia in particular, the subject of increased attention is the introduction of information technology. Therefore, the authors consider the in-house training of employees of the service company using the designated technologies. The agency Registration Agency, a limited liability company, was considered in the article. In 2018, among its employees, a survey was conducted that revealed the desire of employees to improve their skills through electronic courses provided by Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University. It was attended by 30 respondents. After the meeting, employees were asked to undergo training on the organization of personal effectiveness. The training was conducted successfully and, based on the data obtained, we concluded that there is a need for further closer cooperation between organizations, therefore, we presented a plan of interaction between Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University named after Kozma Minin and the Registration Agency limited liability company, the result of which in the future should be the achievement of benefits for both parties, that is, an increase in the intensification of the organization’s activities "and The effectiveness of the training of future graduates of the “Service” field of study.
Sedimentology and fossil vertebrates of the Santa Cruz Formation (early Miocene) in Lago Posadas, southwestern Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Cuitiño José I. , Vizcaíno Sergio F. , Bargo M. Susana , Aramendía Inés
Published: June 2020

Lago Posadas is located at the foot of the Southern Patagonian Andes, in southwestern Argentina, where the early Miocene Santa Cruz Formation (SCF) shows thick and laterally continuous exposures. This region has been scarcely explored for fossil vertebrates since the first efforts by J.B. Hatcher in 1898-99. In this contribution, we performed sedimentologic and paleontological studies in order to reconstruct depositional environments and the associated fossil vertebrate fauna. Sedimentologic data suggest that the sedimentary record begins with restricted marine-estuarine deposits grading upward to fluvial floodplains and fluvial channels. Extensive floodplains, occasionally interrupted by low-sinuosity, sand-dominated channels, show dominant reddish coloration, moderate to low paleosol development, abundant crevasse splay sandstones and lack of vegetal remains, suggesting deposition in a low gradient, oxygenated setting under elevated sedimentation rates. Vertical stratigraphic trends are subtle, suggesting little paleoenvironmental changes during deposition of the whole SCF in this region. Paleocurrent directions, sandstone composition and paleogeographic reconstructions all indicate that deposition of the SCF was strongly associated to the contemporaneous uplift of the Andes. Fossil vertebrates analyzed are the result of our collecting effort and revision of museum collections. The faunal assemblage includes 31 taxa: 28 mammals and three birds. Mammals belong to the main groups recorded in other areas of the SCF (metatherians, xenarthrans, notoungulates, litopterns, astrapotheres and rodents). The assemblage allows a Santacrucian Age sensu lato assignment for the fauna at Lago Posadas. Taxonomic revisions of several taxa are necessary to further adjust the biostratigraphic significance of this association. The combined record of arboreal, browser and frugivores, on one side, and grazer mammals and rheas, on the other, suggest the presence of both trees and open environments. Frugivores, among primary consumers, and the secondary consumers guild are under-represented due to sample and fossil remain size biases. The sedimentologic and paleontological record of the SCF in Lago Posadas suggests that the uplift of the Southern Patagonian Andes acted as a primary control on basin subsidence and sediment supply, providing a special signature for sub-andean localities. However, previously registered climatic changes are poorly recorded in this study.
Volcanology and inflation structures of an extensive basaltic lava flow in the Payenia Volcanic Province, extra-Andean back arc of Argentina
Authors: Bernardi Mauro Ignacio , Bertotto Gustavo Walter , Ponce Alexis Daniel , Orihashi Yuji , Sumino Hirochika
Published: June 2020

The El Puesto lava flow is located in the Payenia Volcanic Province (central-western Argentina), has a length of 70 km and is Middle Pleistocene in age (0.200±0.027 Ma). The flow shows a P-type pahoehoe structure and exhibits several inflation structures, mainly tumuli and also inflation ridges and lava rises. Lava rise pits and radial or annular clefts are common features associated with inflation structures. The gentle slope on which the flow moved (≈0.5°) allowed the lateral coalescence of lobes at the flow front and the development of an external rigid crust that insulated the liquid core. Lava tunnels are frequent and the lava tunnel named “Cueva de Halada” which is located at its medium portion is the best example of a drainage master tube which formed from the cooling of the crust around a stable inflated flow. Tumuli alignments and long inflation ridges reveal the existence of larger tunnels within the flow. Inflation structures may occur in high concentration belts that converge on a single main belt which is assigned to an anastomosed network of internal flow pathways within the main lava body. The development of inflation structures and lava tunnels require low to moderate effusion rates. An average lava supply rate of 1.8x10-4 m3/s and an inflation time of about 15 days were estimated for an average tumulus of this flow. A high and sustained supply of low viscosity lava (η’=1550 - 483 Pa s) was inferred that initially generated a sheet flow of great areal extension. The reduction in effusion rates could then allowed the development of tunnels that carried lava to the distal fronts, generating localized inflation phenomena throughout the lava flow.
La contribución de la ley de economía social de Galicia al desarrollo territorial y a la mejora del empleo
Authors: Bastida María , Vaquero Alberto , Cancelo Maite
Published: June 2020

En los últimos años, desde diferentes ámbitos institucionales y, de forma especial, en el seno de la Unión Europea (UE) se han realizado pronunciamientos recurrentes en relación con la necesidad de reconocer a la Economía Social (ES) como una realidad diferencial a la empresa, que prioriza una serie de resultados al margen de los económicos y financieros. Paralelamente, el reciente compromiso contraído por las Naciones Unidas (NU) en relación con la Agenda 2030, materializado en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) ha atraído el foco de atención sobre este ámbito, por la alineación de los principios y valores que rigen las entidades de ES y dichos objetivos, y el consiguiente papel que éstas pueden tener en la consecución de los retos fijados. En línea con estos planteamientos, la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia ha sido la primera en contar con legislación propia en materia de ES, la Ley de Economía Social de Galicia (LESG) aprobada en 2016. Esta normativa hace hincapié en dos aspectos: la adscripción al territorio y el fomento del empleo. Precisamente lo anterior tiene una gran influencia sobre dos objetivos comunes a la ES y los ODS: el reparto equilibrado de la riqueza y el fomento del empleo de calidad. Igualmente, permite avanzar soluciones para alguno de los problemas más acuciantes del complejo contexto sociodemográfico gallego actual. En este trabajo se estudia el caso gallego como ejemplo de buenas prácticas para el fomento y consolidación del tejido de ES, que permite afrontar retos de diferente naturaleza a partir de la combinación de la actividad económica y la sostenibilidad.
A corpo-civic space: A notion To address social media’s corporate/civic hybridity
Authors: Are Carolina
Published: June 2020

This article proposes a solution to understand the spatial hybridity of social media spaces such as Facebook and Instagram, constructed between a corporate entity and a civic space. Switching the main poles of third space theory to represent ‘corporate’ and ‘civic’ spaces, this essay compares Facebook/Instagram to similar off-line spaces in order to propose they are a ‘corpo-civic’ space. In doing so, it provides recommendations for fairer moderation of user content posted on these platforms based on international human rights standards and ethics that already exist off-line.
Patterns of endoscopy during COVID-19 pandemic: a global survey of interventional inflammatory bowel disease practice
Authors: Chen Yan , Yu Qiao , Farraye Francis A. , Kochhar Gursimran S. , Bernstein Charles N. , Navaneethan Udayakumar , Wu Kaicun , Zhong Jie , Schwartz David A. , Wu Hao , Zheng Jing-Jing , Iacucci Marietta , Kiran Ravi P. , Shen Bo
Published: June 2020

Background/Aims: Performance of diagnostic or therapeutic endoscopic procedures in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients can be challenging during a viral pandemic; the main concerns being the safety and protection of patients and health care providers (HCP). The aim of this study is to identify endoscopic practice patterns and outcomes of IBD and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a worldwide survey of HCP.Methods: The 20-item survey questionnaire was sent to physician members of the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Special Interest Group in Interventional IBD, Chinese IBD Society Endoscopy Interest Group, and the China Crohn’s and Colitis Foundation. Results: A total of 141 respondents submitted valid responses. Nighty-five respondents (67.9%) reported that at least 25% of their scheduled emergent endoscopic procedures were canceled or postponed during the pandemic. Fifty-six respondents (40.0%) have performed emergent endoscopy during the pandemic. A few respondents (9/140, 6.4%) estimated that more than 25% of their patients had worsened disease due to delayed or canceled emergent endoscopy procedures. More than 80% of respondents believed that personal protective equipment (PPE) for the endoscopy team, room sterilization, and pre-procedure screening of patients for COVID-19 were necessary. Out of 140 respondents, 16 (11.4%) reported that several of their patients had COVID-19. Eight clinicians (5.7%) reported that they or their endoscopy colleagues developed work-related COVID-19. Conclusions: Cancellation of elective and emergent endoscopy in IBD care during the pandemic was common. Few respondents reported that their patients’ disease conditions worsened due to the cancellation of the endoscopy procedure. Most respondents voiced the need for proper PPE during the procedure regardless of patients’ COVID-19 status and screening the patients for COVID-19.
ELIZA Effects: Pygmalion and the Early Development of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Switzky Lawrence
Published: June 2020

Since the 1970s, scientists and psychologists have described what they call ELIZA effects: the tendency to attribute intelligence to responsive computers. ELIZA effects can be traced back to a natural language processing program or chatbot named ELIZA and created by Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT in the mid-1960s and to Weizenbaum's inspiration, Eliza Doolittle, in Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion. This article examines Shaw's influence on ELIZA and his anticipatory engagement with questions about machine “thinking” and the origin and nature of intelligence that continue to drive research in computer science. It illuminates Shaw's significance for Weizenbaum and the pathbreaking English mathematician and theorist of artificial intelligence Alan Turing. It also proposes how we might reread Shaw's plays, and Pygmalion in particular, in light of what Weizenbaum and Turing found in Shaw.
Causal necessity, causal sufficiency, and the implications of causative verbs
Authors: Nadathur Prerna , Lauer Sven
Published: June 2020

Against past analyses, we propose that natural language causatives do not universally encode a single, unanalyzable bringing about meaning like Dowty’s (1979) CAUSE, but instead draw on an inventory of contrasting causal dependency relations. To illustrate this claim, we focus on the English causative verbs make and cause. We point out a number of differences in their inferential profiles, and argue that these follow from the fact that cause asserts a relation of causal necessity between a cause and its stated effect, while make asserts causal sufficiency. We distinguish these notions from their alethic counterparts: while causal necessity is similar to the notion of counterfactual necessity (Lewis 1973), causal sufficiency has not figured in previous analyses of causal language. We show that analyzing make as a sufficiency causative not only accounts for the similarities and differences between its distribution and that of cause, but also enables us to explain previously puzzling inferences associated with the use of make as opposed to other periphrastic causatives.
A promoção da alfabetização científica nos anos finais do ensino fundamental por meio de uma sequência didática sobre crustáceos
Authors: Lorenzetti Leonir , Costa Ellen Moreira
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar as contribuições de uma sequência didática implementada em 2015, no 7° ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola da rede pública no estado do Paraná. A sequência didática foi fundamentada por parâmetros da alfabetização científica e teve como temática os crustáceos.  O estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de intervenção pedagógica. A constituição dos dados ocorreu mediante os diálogos que foram desenvolvidos durante as cinco aulas geminadas das disciplinas de Ciências e Atividades Experimentais. Como metodologia de análise utilizou-se a Análise Textual Discursiva. Para o planejamento da sequência didática foram empregadas as categorias de alfabetização científica conforme as divisões concebidas por Bybee (1995): funcional, processual e conceitual e multidimensional; conjuntamente, foram adotadas as categorias de Shen (1975), definidas por alfabetização científica prática, cívica e cultural. Essas categorias foram utilizadas nas análises como categorias a priori e, posteriormente, a elaboração de subcategorias mostrou-se importante para a análise. O resultados mostraram evidências das categorias de alfabetização científica de modo bastante claro, com exceção da alfabetização científica cultural, que não foi identificada. Algumas evidências da alfabetização científica emergiram do conhecimento prévio dos alunos e outras, pôde-se observar, foram promovidas por meio da sequência didática, que envolveu conhecimentos científicos, ambientais, sociais e econômicos em torno de sua temática. No decorrer da aplicação da sequência didática, notou-se que, progressivamente, os estudantes desenvolveram um posicionamento mais crítico em relação à importância científica, ambiental, social e econômica dos crustáceos, adquirindo conhecimentos e habilidades científicas em sintonia com os pressupostos da alfabetização científica.
Olhares docentes: caracterização do Ensino de Ciências em uma rede municipal de ensino perante a BNCC
Authors: Mariani Vanessa De Cassia Pistóia , Sepel Lenira Maria Nunes
Published: June 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar entendimentos de docentes de 4º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental em relação à organização curricular da Área de Ciências da Natureza na BNCC e aos Planos de Estudos das escolas da rede municipal em que atuam, considerando as Unidades Temáticas, os Objetos do Conhecimento e as Habilidades. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa na forma de estudo de caso, envolvendo nove docentes atuantes no 4º e 5º ano de uma rede municipal do interior do estado do RS. Na produção de dados são considerados os princípios da análise de conteúdo e são tomados Planos de Estudos de sete escolas, um formulário avaliativo composto por onze itens para o 4º ano e treze para o 5º ano e um questionário que composto por três questões abertas e duas fechadas, envolvendo informações sobre os Planos de Estudos e os Objetos de Conhecimentos da BNCC (BRASIL, 2017), ambos preenchidos pelos participantes da pesquisa no decorrer de um programa de formação continuada. Os aportes teóricos que fundamentam as análises são, além da própria BNCC (BRASIL, 2017), Sacristán (1995,1998, 2013), Vasconcellos (2014) e Menegolla e Sant`Anna (2014), em relação ao planejamento docente, e Carvalho (2011, 2013), Franco e Munford (2018) e Compiani (2018), no que tange ao ensino de Ciências da Natureza. Como resultados observam-se divergências entre os Planos Estudos das escolas investigadas frente os Objetos de Conhecimento e Habilidades apresentadas pela BNCC, porém a maioria dos docentes avalia que os preceitos contidos na BNCC podem ser aplicáveis em suas aulas. Quanto à forma como estão dispostos os Objetos do Conhecimento, os docentes destacam a organização das Unidades Temáticas, a ênfase atribuída as atividades práticas e o favorecimento em relação a aprendizagem e compreensão dos saberes.
Olhares epistemológicos na prática pedagógica de professores de Química
Authors: Gonçalves Andreza , Ribeiro Marcel Damasceno
Published: June 2020

Este artigo se trata de um recorte de uma pesquisa de mestrado realizada com professores supervisores do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência (PIBID) e Residência Pedagógica (PRP) do curso de Licenciatura em Química de uma Universidade pública no Estado de Mato Grosso no ano de 2019. Assim, a questão norteadora se pautou nos seguintes termos: Como se expressam as concepções de Ciência e modelos didáticos subjacentes às práticas pedagógicas de professores de Química em atuação na Educação Básica? Neste recorte se busca contextualizar as relações entre sujeito-objeto e a construção do conhecimento científico ao longo do tempo, chamando para a importância de professores conhecerem sobre as bases epistemológicas, que dão sustentação ao trabalho pedagógico científico. Ainda na perspectiva do professor, que analisa sua prática, se traz a relevância da Educação científica na sociedade e a importância de compreender a mesma. A metodologia se fundamenta na contribuição da pesquisa qualitativa, tendo como abordagem o estudo de caso, e se buscou por meio de questionários, contendo questões abertas, e entrevista semiestruturada, verificar possíveis necessidades formativas quanto às concepções de Ciência expressas pelos professores com base nas sete visões deformadas presentes na literatura. O método de análise e a construção dos textos de pesquisa se desenvolveram por meio da análise textual discursiva (ATD). Os resultados indicam uma necessidade dos professores refletirem sobre a Ciência que estão a ensinar, de forma a garantir um ensino integrador e mais significativo dos conceitos científicos. As reflexões deste levantamento contribuíram para a construção de um produto educacional em formato de fascículo com a intenção de subsidiar a formação continuada para professores em atuação, em busca de auxiliar em suas possíveis necessidades formativas no Ensino de Ciências.
Uma proposta de ensino do eletromagnetismo por meio de atividades experimentais
Authors: Michelotti Angela , Lovato Fabricio Luís , Da Silva Loreto Elgion Lucio
Published: June 2020

A proposição de atividades que sejam flexíveis e adequadas ao nível cognitivo dos alunos, acompanhadas de reflexão crítica, que permitam o teste livre de hipóteses e sejam decorrentes de problematização constitui-se um método mais eficiente para o ensino-aprendizagem do que a mera transmissão de informações. O Eletromagnetismo é um dos conteúdos em que os estudantes em geral apresentam diversas dificuldades de aprendizagem, apesar de sua importância para a compreensão do mundo cotidiano, visto que os fenômenos elétricos e magnéticos envolvem a grande maioria dos equipamentos de nosso dia a dia. Assim, esse trabalho descreve um conjunto de atividades experimentais realizadas com uma turma de 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental, levando-se em conta a sua executabilidade pelos próprios alunos, o baixo custo de preparação e a segurança.  A partir de um dínamo caseiro elaborado pelos pesquisadores, os alunos executaram, em grupos, 4 experimentos, envolvendo o ato de acender uma lâmpada, o funcionamento de um motor, a condutividade de materiais e relação entre energia e trabalho. O roteiro proposto estimulou a observação, reflexão e elaboração de hipóteses e a revisão de ideias sobre determinados fenômenos.
Silence is Gold?: A Study on Students’ Silence in EFL Classrooms
Authors: Nguyen Hanh Thu
Published: June 2020

The current paper explores the silent behavior of students within EFL classrooms. It investigates reasons behind students’ in-class silence, or lack of verbal participation, and then puts forwards several suggested solutions for more effective in-class conversation. The population for this study consists of 85 English-major students at a university of foreign languages in Hanoi, Vietnam and the data are collected via questionnaire and semi-structured interview. The findings indicate various causes of students’ classroom silence: personal and impersonal, linguistic and psychological factors such as students’ personality and language proficiency, teachers’ methodology, lesson contents, and class cooperation. Together with the theoretical discussion, the empirical evidence revealed by this study can perhaps help applied linguistics practitioners/ teachers gain more heightened awareness and deeper understanding of students’ silent behavior. The current study purposefully targets at enhancing both the English teaching and learning efficiency at this foreign-language university.
Management Accounting Change in Family Firms: The Ambivalent Role of the Successor
Authors: Sentuti Annalisa , Cesaroni Francesca Maria
Published: June 2020

Why does a process of management accounting change (MAC) that started with the best premises for a successful conclusion stop? What could be the causes of failure? In the last few decades, several authors have tried to answer these questions in the field of MAC by adopting different theoretical frameworks and offering various responses. However, few contributions have dealt with this theme from the family’s perspective, and they haven’t considered the specific challenges concerning such firms, like those connected to the succession process.However, few contributions have dealt with this theme from the perspective of family and considering their specific characteristics and challenges, as in particular the succession process. To fill this gap, this paper explores the relationship between MAC and the succession process aiming to answer the question: “How can a successor influence the start, development and final outcome of a MAC process in a family business?” Using a longitudinal case study, the paper explores an Italian family firm in which a MAC and a succession process started simultaneously. However, despite all the best premises for its development and implementation, the MAC process was interrupted. The analysis focuses on the successor and his goals and motivations to better understand which role he assumed in the MAC process. Findings suggest that a successor can play an ambivalent role. He can be a key agent in promoting and triggering a MAC process in family firms, but he can also become a major obstacle to the process of change when his personal objectives and interests prevail over the company’s needs.
Ultrasound Evaluation of Pediatric Orthopaedic Patients
Authors: Litrenta Jody , Masrouha Karim , Wasterlain Amy , Castaneda Pablo
Published: June 2020

Ultrasonography is a valuable tool that can be used in many capacities to evaluate and treat pediatric orthopaedic patient. It has the capability to depict bone, cartilaginous and soft-tissue structures, and provide dynamic information. This technique can be readily applied to a wide range of pediatric conditions, including developmental dysplasia of the hip, congenital limb deficiencies, fracture management, joint effusions, and many other musculoskeletal pathologies. There are many benefits of implementing ultrasonography as a regular tool. It is readily accessible at most centers, and information can be quickly obtained in a minimally invasive way, which limits the need for radiation exposure. Ultrasonography is a safe and reliable tool that pediatric orthopaedic surgeons can incorporate into the diagnosis and management of a broad spectrum of pathology.
Geotectonic zoning of the South Ustyurt depression along the paleozoic complex and the lower horizons of the sedimentary cover
Authors:   IGIRNIGM JSC, Tashkent, Uzbekistan, Tukhtaev K. M.
Published: June 2020

Zoning is based on the provided geological and geophysical data, subject to the availability of three multilevel regmatic systems of inclined and shear discontinuous faults in the Earth's upper crust, formed as a result of the Neogene-Quaternary geodynamics of uneven bilateral horizontal compression. The developed geotectonic map displays a double-level geological environment with a relatively hard base and a more plastic covering thickness. The lower level is represented by a combination of isometric and linear heterogeneous blocks located at four hypsometric levels. The upper level is represented by a smooth aggregate of blocks, separated by large rupture anomalies or flexural fault zones. Individual blocks of Paleozoic fissured rocks with overlapping deposits that are subject to slight compression or stretching, and are located on hydrocarbon migration paths from oil and gas generation centers collected in Paleozoic rift systems, can be considered as possible oil and gas prospect objects. Keywords: geological and geophysical data; geotectonic zoning; geotectonic map; geological environment; hypsometric levels.
Efficacy and Safety of Abdominal Trunk Muscle Strengthening Using an Innovative Device in Elderly Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kato Satoshi , Demura Satoru , Kurokawa Yuki , Takahashi Naoki , Shinmura Kazuya , Yokogawa Noriaki , Yonezawa Noritaka , Shimizu Takaki , Kitagawa Ryo , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki
Published: June 2020

Objective To examine the efficacy and safety of an innovative, device-driven abdominal trunk muscle strengthening program, with the ability to measure muscle strength, to treat chronic low back pain (LBP) in elderly participants.Methods Seven women with non-specific chronic LBP, lasting at least 3 months, were enrolled and treated with the prescribed exercise regimen. Patients participated in a 12-week device-driven exercise program which included abdominal trunk muscle strengthening and 4 types of stretches for the trunk and lower extremities. Primary outcomes were adverse events associated with the exercise program, improvement in abdominal trunk muscle strength, as measured by the device, and improvement in the numerical rating scale (NRS) scores of LBP with the exercise. Secondary outcomes were improvement in the Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RDQ) score and the results of the locomotive syndrome risk test, including the stand-up and two-step tests.Results There were no reports of increased back pain or new-onset abdominal pain or discomfort during or after the device-driven exercise program. The mean abdominal trunk muscle strength, NRS, RDQ scores, and the stand-up and two-step test scores were significantly improved at the end of the trial compared to baseline.Conclusion No participants experienced adverse events during the 12-week strengthening program, which involved the use of our device and stretching, indicating the program was safe. Further, the program significantly improved various measures of LBP and physical function in elderly participants.
Balance Ability in Low Back Pain Patients With Lumbosacral Radiculopathy Evaluated With Tetrax: A Matched Case-Control Study
Authors: Kim Kee Hoon , Leem Min Jeong , Yi Tae Im , Kim Joo Sup , Yoon Seo Yeon
Published: June 2020

Objective To compare postural balance ability in patients with low back pain between groups with and without lumbosacral radiculopathy.Methods Patients who were referred for electromyography because of low back pain during the period from April 2017 through June 2018 were chosen as subjects. They were divided into groups with and without lumbosacral radiculopathy based on the results of electromyography. We used Tetrax (Sunlight Medical Ltd., Ramat Gan, Israel) to objectively evaluate postural balance ability, and to measure the fall risk, stability index, weight distribution index, and Fourier index.Results Patients in the lumbosacral radiculopathy group showed significantly higher fall risk (73.25 vs. 38.00; p<0.05), weight distribution index (8.57 vs. 5.00; p<0.05), and stability index (21.19 vs. 13.16; p<0.05) than those in the group without lumbosacral radiculopathy. The Fourier index at high-medium frequency was significantly increased in the lumbosacral radiculopathy group (8.27 vs. 5.56; p<0.05), whereas weight-bearing on the side of radiculopathy was significantly decreased.Conclusion Patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy have decreased postural balance compared with patients without this condition. Somatosensory disturbances in lumbosacral radiculopathy might cause postural balance impairment. Assessment and treatment plan not only for pain reduction but also for postural balance improvement should be considered in the management of patients with lumbosacral radiculopathy.
Changes in Pharyngeal Width Over Time as an Indicator of Dysphagia in Stroke Patients
Authors: Baek Seungki , Jung Il Hwan , Lee Ho Young , Song Jimin , Cha Eunsil , Jung Kwang-Ik , Yoo Woo-Kyoung , Ohn Suk Hoon
Published: June 2020

Objective To verify the pharyngeal width at rest as a measurement that could be used to assess changes in the degree of dysphagia over time in stroke patients.Methods In a cohort of stroke patients, we performed serial measurements of the pharyngeal width at the midpoints of the second (C2) and third (C3) cervical vertebral bodies using lateral neck X-rays while the patients were at rest. The JOSCYL width, a parameter named after the first initial of each developers’ surname and defined as the average value of the upper and lower pharyngeal widths, was used to formulate the JOSCYL scale, which was calculated as the JOSCYL width × 100/neck circumference. All patients also underwent serial videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSSs). The Spearman correlation analysis was used to detect correlations between the serial VFSS results, JOSCYL widths, and JOSCYL scale values.Results Over time, we observed significant positive and negative correlations of change in the JOSCYL width and scale with changes in the Penetration-Aspiration Scale and the Dysphagia Outcome and Severity Scale scores, respectively.Conclusion The JOSCYL width and JOSCYL scale clearly reflected changes in dysphagia in stroke patients over time. These parameters may provide an easier method for evaluating whether post-stroke dysphagia has been alleviated.
Branching and Mixing: New Signals of the Ubiquitin Signaling System
Authors: Perez-Hernandez Daniel , L. Mendes Marta , Dittmar Gunnar
Published: June 2020

Posttranslational modifications allow cells and organisms to adapt to their environment without the need to synthesize new proteins. The ubiquitin system is one of the most versatile modification systems as it does not only allow a simple on–off modification but, by forming a chain of ubiquitin molecules, allows conveying multiple signals. The structure of the chains is dependent on the linkage to the previous ubiquitin molecule as every lysine can serve as an acceptor point for this modification. Different chain types code for specific signals ranging from protein degradation to protein targeting different cellular compartments. Recently the code of ubiquitin signals has been further expanded as branching and mixing of different chain types has been detected. As an additional layer of complexity, modifications of the ubiquitin chain by ubiquitin-like modifiers, like NEDD8, SUMO, or ISG15, have been found. Here we will discuss the different chain types and the technical challenges which are associated with analyzing ubiquitin topology-based signaling.
Toward On-Demand Generation of Entangled Photon Pairs with a Quantum Dot
Authors: Ahmadi Arash , Fognini Andreas , E. Reimer Michael
Published: June 2020

The generation of on-demand, optimally entangled photon pairs remains one of the most formidable challenges in the quantum optics and quantum information community. Despite the fact that recent developments in this area have opened new doors leading toward the realization of sources exhibiting either high brightness or near-unity entanglement fidelity, the challenges to achieve both together persist. Here, we will provide a historical review on the development of quantum dots (QDs) for entangled photon generation, with a focus on nanowire QDs, and address the latest research performed on nanowire QDs, including measuring entanglement fidelity, light-extraction efficiency, dephasing mechanisms, and the detrimental effects of detection systems on the measured values of entanglement fidelity. Additionally, we will discuss results recently observed pertaining to resonant excitation of a nanowire QD, revealing the potential of such sources to outperform spontaneous parametric down-conversion (SPDC) sources, providing a viable solution to the current challenges in quantum optics and quantum information.
Active-Alert Hypnosis to Achieve Personal, Professional, and Therapeutic Goals
Authors: Téllez Arnoldo , Valdez Arturo , Sánchez-Jáuregui Teresa
Published: June 2020

Hypnosis does not always require suggestions of relaxation in order enter into this state. It can also be induced through suggestions of activation and cognitive alertness. This procedure and the hypnotic state caused by it has been called active-alert hypnosis (AAH). In this chapter, we describe a strategy to increase the probability to achieve goals using an AAH technique in which we ask the patient to move his arms in an alternate way, while imagining that he has a pair of dumbbells of several kilograms in each hand, in order to produce a hypnotic age progression phenomenon, in which the patient is oriented to a positive future and mobilizing hope, and could see himself achieving his goals, creating “memories of the future.” We report several clinical cases in which this hypnotic strategy was used.
Safety Evaluation of Stay Cables of Cable-Stayed and Extradosed Bridges via Deterministic and Non-deterministic Methods
Authors: Ali Khawaja , Saleem Aleena
Published: June 2020

Cable-stayed and extradosed bridges are thought to be identical structures because both bridges use stay cables for reinforcement. However, the safety factors of their stay cables are stipulated differently in many international standards, i.e., Japanese specifications suggest the safety factors of 2.5 and 1.67 for the design of cable-stayed and extradosed bridges, respectively. In this chapter, a parametric study is carried out for the evaluation of safety factors of stay cables by employing the deterministic and nondeterministic methods at limit states. As a result, it is found that the safety factors in the range of 2.3–2.5 and 1.67 are indispensable for the safe design of cable-stayed and extradosed bridges, respectively, to satisfy the conditions of limit states and target reliability index.
The Impact of Payer and Reimbursement Authorities Evidence Requirements on Healthcare Solution Design for Muscular Dystrophies
Authors: Lebmeier Maximilian , Chandler Fleur , Godfrey Josie , Dando Jonathan
Published: June 2020

For rare diseases that start early and are slowly degenerative, despite the desire to create solutions that benefit the patient, healthcare system realities can be prohibitive to generate an affordable and effective solution. The optimal care pathway for muscular dystrophy, similar to all degenerative diseases, would be a rapid and accurate diagnosis, pathophysiological confirmation and application of therapeutics that slowly replaces damaged tissue with healthy tissue, supported by adjuvant solutions that stimulate the tissue to repair and reduce inflammation and fibrosis. This would increase the lifespan and quality of life in an affordable way. For all diseases, two key stakeholders, the paying entity and the patient, fundamentally define whether revenue can be generated. Healthcare decision-making commissioners who agree to pay for the product and patient-reported outcomes jointly inform whether the intervention increases the quality of life related to existing standards of care and, therefore, if it should be paid for. This chapter explains why this has not yet happened and efforts initiated to correct this and addresses how the components and data used in this decision-making process could be updated, adapted and integrated into every stage of the development of solutions and how organisational innovation may enable the field.
Comparison of The Hospice Palliative Care Delivery Systems in Iran and Selected Countries
Authors: Zarea Kourosh , Rassouli Maryam , Hazrati Maryam , Molavynejad Shahram , Beiranvand Samira
Published: June 2020

Background: There is an increasing demand for Hospice Palliative Care (HPC) due to the aging population, increased incidence of cancer, and other chronic diseases, as well as recent advances in care and treatment. Objectives: The present study was conducted to examine the nature and structure of HPC services and to describe and compare them in the United Kingdom (UK), Canada, Australia, Japan, India, Jordan, and Iran to extract general conclusions and suggestions for developing HPC systems in Iran. Methods: In the current descriptive-comparative study, from 2018 to 2019, HPC delivery systems in the selected countries and Iran were reviewed based on the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline, and the similarities and differences among them were explained. Results: Developing the National HPC Program and its integration into the health system are important activities. The most common source of financing is donation. The services are mainly provided to patients with cancer. Human resource development includes curriculum reform, creating specialty, subspecialty disciplines, and holding training courses. Other activities include designing national guidelines, the free access to opioids, research development, the establishment of the national information network, and the quality control programs. Iran lacks any formal structure and program of HPC services and they are provided in a scattered and very limited manner as part of general palliative services. Conclusions: HPC services are in a mediate and low level in developed countries and Iran, respectively. Before the establishment of the HPC delivery system, a complicated range of economic, social, cultural, and political factors must be considered.