bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Lateral Deployment Mechanism for Segmented Mirror/Solar Panel of Space Telescope
Authors: Thesiya Dignesh , Srinivas A. R. , Shukla Piyush
Published: September 2015

Space telescopes require large aperture primary mirrors to capture High Definition (HD) ground image while orbiting around the Earth. Fairing Volume of launch vehicles is limited and thus the size of monolithic mirror is limited to fairing size and solar panels are arranged within a petal formation in order to provide a greater power to volume ratio. This generates need for deployable mirrors for space use. This brings out a method for designing new deployment mechanism for segmented mirror. Details of mechanism folding strategy, design of components, FE simulations, realization and Lab model validation results are discussed in order to demonstrate the design using prototype.
The Palaeoproterozoic anatomy of the Lewisian Complex, NW Scotland: evidence for two ‘Laxfordian’ tectonothermal cycles
Authors: Mason Andrew J.
Published: September 2015

A new structural examination of Palaeoproterozoic high-
P
granulites on South Harris, NW Scotland, when integrated with previous geochronological, structural and metamorphic studies on key areas of the Lewisian Complex, suggests the existence of two distinct tectonothermal cycles within the Palaeoproterozoic ‘Laxfordian Event’, which on South Harris are separated by a >100 myr hiatus in deformation. The older cycle, from
c
. 1.91 to 1.85 Ga, records the development of an active continental margin on the Archaean gneisses that dominate the Complex, and the subsequent onset of continent–continent collision; this represents the continuation of the Nagssugtoqidian orogen of Greenland. Evidence for this is concentrated in allochthonous slivers of the former active continental margin displaced during the younger cycle. The younger cycle, around 1.75–1.65 Ga, began with thrust-related crustal thickening that initiated regionally extensive amphibolite-facies metamorphism and ductile deformation, which dominates the preserved ‘Laxfordian’ deformation history. This may be the peripheral expression of the accretion of the Malin block to the SW of the Lewisian, and represents the lateral continuation of the Labradorian–Ketilidian orogen of North America.

Supplementary Material:

Additional figures are available at
http://www.geolsoc.org.uk/SUP18863
.
Object-based modelling of avulsion-generated sandbody distributions and connectivity in a fluvial reservoir analogue of low to moderate net-to-gross ratio
Authors: Villamizar Carlos A. , Hampson Gary J. , Flood Yvette S. , Fitch Peter J. R.
Published: September 2015

Data from a large-scale outcrop analogue (Upper Cretaceous Blackhawk Formation, Wasatch Plateau, central Utah, USA) were used to construct three-dimensional, object-based reservoir models of low to moderate net-to-gross (NTG) ratios (11–32%). Two descriptive spatial statistical measures, lacunarity and Ripley’s
K
function, were used to characterize sandbody distribution patterns in the different models. Lacunarity is sensitive to sandbody abundance and NTG ratio, while Ripley’s
K
function identifies clustered, random and regular spacing of sandbodies. The object-based modelling algorithm reproduces sandbody dimensions and abundances, but patterns of sandbody distribution generated by river avulsion are poorly replicated because pseudo-well spacing provides only limited constraint on sandbody positions.

In common with previous studies, the connected sand fraction in the reservoir models increases with increasing NTG ratio and increasing range of sandbody orientations, but there is significant stochastic variation around both of these trends. In addition, low NTG reservoir models in which sandbodies exhibit strong clustering may also have a low connected sand fraction across the model volume because the sandbody clusters are widely spaced and, thus, tend to be isolated from each other. Consequently, connected sand fraction could be overestimated if avulsion-generated sandbody clusters are not identified and replicated in models of such reservoirs.
Downregulation of apelin in the human placental chorionic villi from preeclamptic pregnancies
Authors: Yamaleyeva Liliya M. , Chappell Mark C. , Brosnihan K. Bridget , Anton Lauren , Caudell David L. , Shi Sara , McGee Carolynne , Pirro Nancy , Gallagher Patricia E. , Taylor Robert N. , Merrill David C. , Mertz Heather L.
Published: September 2015

The role of the endogenous apelin system in pregnancy is not well understood. Apelin's actions in pregnancy are further complicated by the expression of multiple forms of the peptide. Using radioimmunoassay (RIA) alone, we established the expression of apelin content in the chorionic villi of preeclamptic (PRE) and normal pregnant women (NORM) at 36–38 wk of gestation. Total apelin content was lower in PRE compared with NORM chorionic villi (49.7 ± 3.4 vs. 72.3 ± 9.8 fmol/mg protein; n = 20–22) and was associated with a trend for lower preproapelin mRNA in the PRE. Further characterization of apelin isoforms by HPLC-RIA was conducted in pooled samples from each group. The expression patterns of apelin peptides in NORM and PRE villi revealed little or no apelin-36 or apelin-17. Pyroglutamate apelin-13 [(Pyr1)-apelin-13] was the predominant form of the peptide in NORM and PRE villi. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activity was higher in PRE villi (572.0 ± 23.0 vs. 485.3 ± 24.8 pmol·mg−1·min−1; n = 18–22). A low dose of ANG II (1 nM; 2 h) decreased apelin release in NORM villous explants that was blocked by the ANG II receptor 1 (AT1) antagonist losartan. Moreover, losartan enhanced apelin release above the 2-h baseline levels in both NORM and PRE villi ( P < 0.05). In summary, these studies are the first to demonstrate the lower apelin content in human placental chorionic villi of PRE subjects using quantitative RIA. (Pyr1)-apelin-13 is the predominant form of endogenous apelin in the chorionic villi of NORM and PRE. The potential mechanism of lower apelin expression in the PRE villi may involve a negative regulation of apelin by ANG II.
Vitamin D, Inflammation, and Colorectal Cancer Progression: A Review of Mechanistic Studies and Future Directions for Epidemiological Studies
Authors: van Harten-Gerritsen A. Suzanne , Balvers Michiel G.J. , Witkamp Renger F. , Kampman Ellen , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B.
Published: September 2015

Survival from colorectal cancer is positively associated with vitamin D status. However, whether this association is causal remains unclear. Inflammatory processes may link vitamin D to colorectal cancer survival, and therefore investigating inflammatory markers as potential mediators may be a valuable next step. This review starts with an overview of inflammatory processes suggested to be involved in colorectal cancer progression and regulated by vitamin D. Next, we provide recommendations on how to study inflammatory markers in future epidemiologic studies on vitamin D and colorectal cancer survival. Mechanistic studies have shown that calcitriol—active form of vitamin D—influences inflammatory processes involved in cancer progression, including the enzyme cyclooxygenase 2, the NF-κB pathway, and the expression of the cytokines TNFα, IL1β, IL6, IL8, IL17, and TGFβ1. Based on this and taking into account methodologic issues, we recommend to include analysis of specific soluble peptides and proteins, such as cytokines, in future epidemiologic studies on this issue. Vitamin D and the markers should preferably be measured at multiple time points during disease progression or recovery and analyzed using mediation analysis. Including these markers in epidemiologic studies may help answer whether inflammation mediates a causal relationship between vitamin D and colorectal cancer survival. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(12); 1820–8. ©2015 AACR.
Understanding the Role of the Immune System in the Development of Cancer: New Opportunities for Population-Based Research
Authors: Michaud Dominique S. , Houseman E. Andres , Marsit Carmen J. , Nelson Heather H. , Wiencke John K. , Kelsey Karl T.
Published: September 2015

Understanding the precise role of the immune system in cancer has been hindered by the complexity of the immune response and challenges in measuring immune cell types in health and disease in the context of large epidemiologic studies. In this review, we present the rationale to study immunity in cancer and highlight newly available tools to further elucidate the epidemiologic factors driving individual variation in the immune response in cancer. Here, we summarize key studies that have evaluated the role of immunologic status on risk of cancer, discuss tools that have been used in epidemiologic studies to measure immune status, as well as new evolving methodologies where application to epidemiology is becoming more feasible. We also encourage further development of novel emerging technologies that will continue to enable prospective assessment of the dynamic and complex role played by the immune system in cancer susceptibility. Finally, we summarize characteristics and environmental factors that affect the immune response, as these will need to be considered in epidemiologic settings. Overall, we consider the application of a systems biologic approach and highlight new opportunities to understand the immune response in cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 24(12); 1811–9. ©2015 AACR.
Inhibitory Effect of NH4Cl Treatment on Renal Tgfß1 Signaling Following Unilateral Ureteral Obstruction
Authors: Feger Martina , Alesutan Ioana , Castor Tatsiana , Mia Sobuj , Musculus Katharina , Voelkl Jakob , Lang Florian
Published: September 2015

Background/Aims: Consequences of obstructive nephropathy include tissue fibrosis, a major pathophysiological mechanism contributing to development of end-stage renal disease. Transforming growth factor β 1 (Tgfβ1) is involved in the progression of renal fibrosis. According to recent observations, ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) prevented phosphate-induced vascular remodeling, effects involving decrease of Tgfβ1 expression and inhibition of Tgfβ1-dependent signaling. The present study, thus, explored whether NH4Cl influences renal Tgfβ1-induced pro-fibrotic signaling in obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Methods: UUO was induced for seven days in C57Bl6 mice with or without additional treatment with NH4Cl (0.28 M in drinking water). Transcript levels were determined by RT-PCR as well as protein abundance by Western blotting, blood pH was determined utilizing a blood gas and chemistry analyser. Results: UUO increased renal mRNA expression of Tgfb1, Tgfβ-activated kinase 1 (Tak1) protein abundance and Smad2 phosphorylation in the nuclear fraction of the obstructed kidney tissues, effects blunted in NH4Cl treated mice as compared to control treated mice. The mRNA levels of the transcription factors nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 (Nfat5) and SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 9 (Sox9) as well as of tumor necrosis factor α (Tnfα), interleukin 6 (Il6), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (Pai1) and Snai1 were up-regulated in the obstructed kidney tissues following UUO, effects again significantly ameliorated following NH4Cl treatment. Furthermore, the increased protein and mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-Sma), fibronectin and collagen type I in the obstructed kidney tissues following UUO were significantly attenuated following NH4Cl treatment. Conclusion: NH4Cl treatment ameliorates Tgfβ1-dependent pro-fibrotic signaling and renal tissue fibrosis markers following obstructive nephropathy.
Enhanced Eryptosis Following Auranofin Exposure
Authors: Alzoubi Kousi , Egler Jasmin , Abed Majed , Lang Florian
Published: September 2015

Background/Aims: The antiinflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer drug auranofin has previously been shown to trigger apoptosis, the suicidal death of nucleated cells. Side effects of the drug include anaemia. At least in theory the anaemia could result from stimulation of suicidal death of erythrocytes or eryptosis, which involves cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Methods: Stimulators of eryptosis include oxidative stress and increase of cytosolic Ca2+-activity ([Ca2+]i). In the present study, phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin V binding, cell volume from forward scatter, hemolysis from hemoglobin release, reactive oxygen species (ROS) from 2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) fluorescence, and [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence. Results: A 24 hours exposure of human erythrocytes to auranofin (≥5 µg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding cells (from 2.2 ± 0.5 to 17.4 ± 1.5%), significantly decreased forward scatter and significantly enhanced ROS. At higher concentrations (10 µg/ml) auranofin triggered slight hemolysis (from 2.1 ± 0.2 to 3.2 ± 0.3%). Conclusions: Auranofin stimulates cell shrinkage and phospholipid scrambling of the erythrocyte cell membrane, an effect at least partially due to induction of oxidative stress.
Indocyanine Green Angiography-Guided Focal Laser Photocoagulation for Diabetic Macular Edema
Authors: Ogura Shuntaro , Yasukawa Tsutomu , Kato Aki , Kuwayama Soichiro , Hamada Satoshi , Hirano Yoshio , Uemura Akiyoshi , Yoshida Munenori , Ogura Yuichiro
Published: September 2015

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) to detect leaking spots and the effectiveness of ICGA-guided focal laser photocoagulation in eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: Ten eyes (8 patients) with diffuse DME diagnosed using fluorescein angiography (FA) and refractory to a sub-Tenon injection of triamcinolone acetonide (STTA), grid laser photocoagulation, or both were enrolled. FA and ICGA were performed using the Heidelberg Retina Angiograph 2. Hyperfluorescent spots on early-phase FA and on early- and late-phase ICGA were superimposed onto the macular thickness map measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and counted to calculate the spot density in the area with or without macular edema (ME). ICGA-guided focal laser photocoagulation was carried out. In 7 eyes, STTA was simultaneously performed. The central macular thickness (CRT) and macular volume (MV) were measured by OCT. Results: On early-phase FA, 4.8 ± 2.3 and 2.3 ± 1.5 hyperfluorescent spots/disk area were observed inside and outside the ME, respectively. In contrast, the spot density was significantly decreased to 1.8 ± 0.9 inside the ME and was only 0.3 ± 0.4 outside the ME on late-phase ICGA (p < 0.01). The mean follow-up period after ICGA-guided photocoagulation was 19.0 months. The mean best-corrected visual acuity improved significantly from 0.77 ± 0.34 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution at baseline to 0.52 ± 0.37 at the last visit (p < 0.01). Both CRT and MV significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Recurrence of DME was observed in 4 eyes: 3 eyes were treatable only with STTA and 1 required additional ICGA-guided laser photocoagulation. Conclusions: ICGA may be useful to detect leaking spots responsible for DME, enabling less invasive focal laser photocoagulation even in some of the eyes with diffuse DME.
Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis-Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Growing Epidemic?
Authors: Yopp Adam C. , Choti Michael A.
Published: September 2015

Within developed countries the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been progressively increasing despite diagnosing fewer new cases of cirrhosis linked to viral hepatitis and alcohol consumption. This increased incidence parallels the epidemic of morbid obesity and metabolic syndrome and may be secondary to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)-related HCC. The aims of this chapter are to (1) define the natural history of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/NASH, (2) discuss the relationship between cryptogenic cirrhosis and NASH-related cirrhosis, (3) compare the presentation and treatment of NASH-related HCC to viral hepatitis-related cirrhosis and (4) identify the genetic factors associated with NASH and NASH-related HCC.
Association Study of Genotype by Depressive Response during Acute Tryptophan Depletion in Subjects Recovered from Major Depression
Authors: Moreno Francisco A. , Erickson Robert P. , Garriock Holly A. , Gelernter Joel , Mintz Jim , Oas-Terpstra Jennifer , Davies Marilyn A. , Delgado Pedro L.
Published: September 2015

Purpose: To study the brief and reversible mood response to acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) as a trait marker in subjects considered at risk for major depressive disorder (MDD). Procedures: ATD was administered to 64 subjects (54 European-Americans and 10 from other races) with a personal and family history of MDD. They were in remission and had been medication-free for at least 3 months. Subjects were randomly assignment to an active or sham condition in a double-blind crossover design. They were genotyped for serotonin-related candidate genes, and mood response was quantified with the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Data were analyzed using Poisson regression with repeated measures and latent trajectory models. Results: Compared to the sham controls, active ATD caused modest depressive changes showing significant main effects of test condition (χ2 = 5.14, d.f. = 1, p = 0.023) and time (χ2 = 12.22, d.f. = 3, p = 0.007), but no significant interaction of time and test condition. Latent trajectory analysis revealed two groups, identified as depletion responders and non-responders. Those with the HTR2A rs6313 CC genotype had significantly higher HDRS scores during ATD (χ2 = 11.72, d.f. = 1, p = 0.0006). Conclusions: ATD may help identifying the biological subtypes of MDD. These data are consistent with imaging reports implicating 5-HT2A receptor function in ATD phenotypes.
Core Endoresection as Neoadjuvant Treatment of Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Rospond-Kubiak Iwona , Groenewald Carl , Coupland Sarah E. , Damato Bertil
Published: September 2015

Aim: To present a case of neoadjuvant treatment of uveal melanoma with a limited core endoresection, which enabled ruthenium plaque radiotherapy to be administered. Material and Methods: A 77-year-old woman presented in 2005 with a ciliochoroidal uveal melanoma measuring 7.2 by 6.5 mm basally with a thickness of 6.2 mm. The vision in the affected eye was 6/9. Because of diagnostic uncertainty, we performed a biopsy, which produced a copious sample. The biopsy serendipitously reduced the tumour thickness to 4.4 mm, making ruthenium plaque brachytherapy possible. Results: Histopathological examination showed the tumour to be a melanoma predominantly of spindle cell type. Postoperative complications included a dense vitreous haemorrhage, which cleared spontaneously, and raised intraocular pressure, controlled with latanoprost. Seven years after brachytherapy, the vision was 6/5 and the thickness of the residual tumour was 2.5 mm. Nine years after treatment, there was no evidence of any intra- or extraocular seeding or distant metastases. Conclusions: Core endoresection of a ciliochoroidal melanoma may reduce tumour thickness enough to allow subsequent ruthenium plaque radiotherapy.
Concurrent Confirmation and Differential Diagnosis of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia from Dried Blood Spots: Application of a Second-Tier LC-MS/MS Assay in a Cross-Border Cooperation for Newborn Screening
Authors: Monostori Péter , Szabó Pál , Marginean Otilia , Bereczki Csaba , Karg Eszter
Published: September 2015

Background/Aims: Newborn screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is generally performed using 17- hydroxyprogesterone dissociation-enhanced, lanthanide fluorescence immunoassay (DELFIA®). The primary screening results must be confirmed due to high false-positive rates; however, the need to obtain a separate specimen can hamper early recognition, differential diagnosis and treatment. We aimed to develop a single liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method that allows both the confirmation and differential diagnosis of CAH using the same dried blood spot (DBS) as in primary screening. Methods: An LC-MS/MS assay for cortisol, 21-deoxycortisol, 11-deoxycortisol, 4-androstenedione and 17-hydroxyprogesterone was developed, validated and applied to a total of 163 DBS samples tested positive in primary newborn screening in a cross-border cooperation. Results: Excellent baseline resolution and reliable determination of all analytes were achieved in DBS samples following simple sample preparation without derivatization. Of a total of 163 DBS samples tested positive in primary screening, the 21-hydroxylase-deficient form of CAH was confirmed in 1 sample. Conclusions: The present LC-MS/MS assay was successfully applied as a second-tier test in a cross-border cooperation for newborn screening. The assay allows concurrent confirmation and differential diagnosis of CAH and can be performed on the same DBS samples as in primary screening, enabling early diagnosis and treatment.
Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Bacteria in a Urology Ward: Epidemiology, Risk Factors and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns
Authors: Medina-Polo José , Arrébola-Pajares Ana , Pérez-Cadavid Santiago , Benítez-Sala Raúl , Sopeña-Sutil Raquel , Lara-Isla Alba , Alsonso-Isa Manuel , Gil-Moradillo Javier , Justo-Quintas Juan , Miranda-Utrera Natalia , Aguilar-Gisbert Luis , Passas-Martínez Juan Bautista , Tejido-Sánchez Ángel
Published: September 2015

Introduction: Our aim was to describe the incidence and risk factors associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae and their resistance rate in a urological ward. Material and Methods: We carried out a prospective observational study from November 2011 to December 2014, reviewing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) in our department. We evaluated the infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Results: The incidence of HAIs in our urology ward was 6.8%. Enterobacteriaceae including Escherichia coli (24.9%), Klebsiella spp. (12.1%), Enterobacter spp. (5.9%), Morganella spp. (1.5%), Proteus spp. (1.5%), and Citrobacter spp. (1.5%) represented 47.4% of the isolated pathogens. The percentage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae was 26.4. Risk factors associated with a higher incidence of ESBL-producing bacteria were prior urinary tract infection (UTI; p < 0.001), hypertension (p = 0.042), immunosuppression (p = 0.004), and urinary stone (p = 0.027). The multivariable analysis confirmed prior UTI, immunosuppression and urinary stone as risk factors. ESBL-producing strains showed resistance rates of 85.3% for fluoroquinolones and 11.8% for carbapenems. Moreover, 16.7% of ESBL-Klebsiella were resistant to carbapenems. Conclusions: ESBL-producing enterobacteria are associated with higher cross resistance to antibiotics such as quinolones. Higher resistance rates are reported in ESBL-producing Klebsiella. Among patients admitted in a urology ward, risk factors for ESBL-producing strains were previous UTI, immunosuppression, and urinary stone.
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging as First-Line Investigation for Growth Hormone Deficiency Diagnosis in Early Childhood
Authors: Pampanini Valentina , Pedicelli Stefania , Gubinelli Jessica , Scirè Giuseppe , Cappa Marco , Boscherini Brunetto , Cianfarani Stefano
Published: September 2015

Background/Aims: The diagnosis of growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) in infancy and early childhood is not straightforward. GH stimulation tests are unsafe and unreliable in infants, and normative data are lacking. This study aims to investigate whether brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may replace GH stimulation tests in the diagnosis of GHD in children younger than 4 years. Methods: We examined a retrospective cohort, with longitudinal follow-up, of 68 children consecutively diagnosed with GHD before the age of 4 years. The prevalence of hypothalamic-pituitary (HP) alterations at MRI and the associations with age and either isolated GHD (IGHD) or multiple pituitary hormone deficiency (MPHD) were assessed. Results: The prevalences of IGHD and MPHD were 54.4 and 45.6%, respectively. In the first group, brain MRI showed abnormalities in 83.8%: isolated pituitary hypoplasia in 48.7% and complex defects in 35.1%. In patients with MPHD, MRI showed complex alterations in 100%. All children younger than 24 months showed HP MRI abnormalities, regardless of the diagnosis. Complex defects were found in 94% of patients younger than 12 months and in 75% of patients between 13 and 24 months. Conclusion: Our data suggest that brain MRI may represent the first-line investigation for diagnosing GHD in infancy and early childhood.
Hemiparetic Primary Lateral Sclerosis: Revisiting Mills Syndrome
Authors: Maragakis Nicholas J. , Holland Neil R. , Corse Andrea M.
Published: September 2015

A slowly progressive hemiparesis beginning in a single limb with evolution to the ipsilateral limb was originally described in 8 patients in 1906 by Mills. We present 5 cases of progressive hemiparetic corticospinal tract degeneration, identified by the clinical presentation and the exclusion of other etiologies using serological, imaging, and electrodiagnostic studies.
Perihematomal Edema and Functional Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Murthy Santosh B. , Moradiya Yogesh , Dawson Jesse , Lees Kennedy R. , Hanley Daniel F. , Ziai Wendy C. ,   VISTA-ICH Steering Committee Collborators are:, Butcher K. , Davis S. , Gregson B. , Lyden P. , Mayer S. , Muir K. , Steiner T.
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose—

Perihematomal edema (PHE) is associated with poor outcomes after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). PHE evolves in the early period after ICH, providing a therapeutic target and window for intervention. We studied the effect of PHE volume expansion in the first 72 hours (iPHE) and its relationship with functional outcomes.

Methods—

We used data contained in the Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive. We included patients who presented within 6 hours of symptom onset, had baseline clinical, radiological, and laboratory data, and further computed tomographic scan data at 72 hours and 90-day functional outcomes. We calculated iPHE and used logistic regression analysis to assess relationships with outcome. We adjusted for confounding variables and the primary outcome measure poor day-90 outcome (defined as modified Rankin Scale score of ≥3. We performed subgroup analyses by location and by volume of ICH.

Results—

We included 596 patients with ICH. Median baseline hematoma volume was 15.0 mL (IQR, 7.9–29.2) and median baseline PHE volume was 8.7 mL (IQR, 4.5–15.5). Hematoma expansion occurred in 122 (34.9%) patients. Median iPHE was 14.7 mL (IQR, 6.6–30.3). The odds of a poor outcome were greater with increasing iPHE (OR, 1.78; CI, 1.12–2.64 per mL increase). Subgroup analyses showed that iPHE was only related to poor functional outcomes in basal ganglia and small (<30 mL) ICH.

Conclusions—

Absolute increase in PHE during 72 hours was associated with worse functional outcomes after ICH, particularly with basal ganglia ICH and hematomas <30 mL.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 and Incidence of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Söderholm Martin , Engström Gunnar
Published: September 2015

Background and Purpose—

Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) is a hormone with regulatory effects on mineral metabolism and arterial calcification. We aimed to study the association between FGF23 and risk of incident subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in a nested case-control study.

Methods—

FGF23 was analyzed in stored blood samples from incident SAH cases (n=79) and control subjects (n=232), participating in the prospective, population-based Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. The association between FGF23 and SAH was studied using conditional logistic regression.

Results—

High FGF23 was associated with incident SAH. In the highest compared with the lowest quartile of FGF23, the odds ratio for SAH was 3.28 (95% confidence interval, 1.34–8.00),
P
for trend=0.006, after adjustment for SAH risk factors.

Conclusions—

High FGF23 was associated with increased risk of incident SAH in subjects from the general population. Further studies should elucidate whether FGF23 is a causal risk factor for SAH, or could be used in risk prediction.
CLIMATE CHANGE, TREE-RING WIDTH AND WOOD DENSITY OF PINES IN MEDITERRANEAN ENVIRONMENTS
Authors: Olivar Jorge , Rathgeber Cyrille , Bravo Felipe
Published: September 2015

During the second half of the 20th century, the Mediterranean area has experienced an increase in temperature, and a decrease in precipitation leading to a higher frequency of severe droughts. Consequently, widespread Mediterranean pine species suffered a shift in their climate-growth relationships that might lead to detrimental consequences. Wood features such as wood density are also affected by recent climatic changes producing an effect on wood structure and quality. Tree-ring anatomy was analyzed in three species (Pinus halepensis, P. pinaster and P. sylvestris), the three main pine species in Spain, in order to understand the relationships between tree-ring width and wood density as well as the influence of the climatic variations on these variables. Precipitation influenced tree radial growth and wood density for the three species, but at different times of the growth period. Mean and maximum density followed different patterns for the three species, decreasing with time in P. pinaster and increasing in P. halepensis and P. sylvestris. Growth and mean density trends were followed by a 5-year moving average with low variability in the three species. However, a high variability was observed in the inter-annual trends during the most recent years presumably related to climate. These climate-triggered modifications could adversely effect wood properties and wood quality.
DATING OF ROCKFALL EVENTS USING VESSEL LUMEN AREA IN BETULA PENDULA
Authors: Tumajer Jan , Burda Jan , Treml Václav
Published: September 2015

Vessel lumen area is influenced by both genetic and environmental forces. Its alterations balance hydraulic water transport efficiency and safety from cavitation or embolism. We tested the hypothesis that environmental stress inflicted by rockfall injury influences average vessel lumen area in newly formed tree rings of Betula pendula Roth, which would make it useful for retrospective detection of rockfall events. We took samples from 11 trees injured by a rockfall that occurred in the winter of 2010–2011, specifically from the stem area adjacent to the injury, parts of the stem located perpendicular to the injury, parts located opposite to the injury, and from four undisturbed trees. We measured the mean vessel lumen area of each tree ring in every sample, comprising up to 10 pre-event tree rings and generally 3 tree rings formed after rock injury. On average, 115 vessels were measured in each tree ring. We then compared the vessel lumen area in tree rings formed after the event with that of rings formed before it as well as with values predicted by an age-trend model inferred from vessel lumen area chronologies. Our results show a strong reduction in vessel lumen area in the first tree ring formed after the event regardless of the position around the stem circumference. This reduction is strongest in wood just next to the callus tissue zone, with decreasing significance in distal parts of the stem circumference. During the three years after the rockfall, the trees mostly recovered their pre-event vessel lumen area, even right next to the place of injury. Still, this value is significantly lower than the value predicted for growth without injury. Abrupt reductions of vessel lumen area turn out to be potentially useful for identifying former rockfall events and can improve on results obtained by traditional methods of dendrogeomorphological dating.
A NEW RECORD OF AGATHOXYLON FROM THE OLIGOCENE-MIOCENE OF SOUTH CHINA
Authors: Feng Xinxin , Oskolski Alexei A. , Liu Xiaoyan , Liao Wenbo , Jin Jianhua
Published: September 2015

A gymnosperm wood is described from the Oligocene-Miocene of Hainan Island, South China. It is characterized by circular, thin-walled tracheids with resin plugs, 1–3-seriate alternate or opposite intertracheary pits in radial walls, 1–2-seriate rays, cross fields with 3–14 araucarioid cross-ﬁeld pits. These are features found in the Araucariaceae and the fossil is designated as Agathoxylon sp. Fossil woods with anatomical characteristics seen in the Araucariaceae are extremely rare in the North Hemisphere after the K/T boundary. Thus, this Agathoxylon from the Oligocene-Miocene of South China has significance for biogeographic studies.
Sedum album subsp. rupi-melitense (Crassulaceae), a new vegetatively reproducing subspecies from Malta (Maltese Islands, Central Mediterranean)
Authors: Mifsud Stephen Martin , Stephenson Ray , Thiede Joachim
Published: September 2015

Plants of Sedum album (Sedum ser. Alba; Crassulaceae) from Malta (Maltese Islands) differ from previously known S. album plants in having very rarely formed inflorescences mostly without peduncular leaves and floral bracts, flowers in which (3–)5 stamens of one whorl, mostly of the antepetalous one, have dysfunctional and often abortive anthers and only the stamens of the other whorl having 5, dark maroon to blackish-brown, mostly indehiscent  anthers at anthesis, pollen which is partly deformed and shrivelled, carpels without nectary scales, and fruits and seeds which remain undeveloped and sterile. The Maltese plants have apparently switched from generative to almost exclusively vegetative reproduction and are described as a new endemic subspecies Sedum album subsp. rupi-melitense. The local history, distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status of this new taxon (which is categorized as Critically Endangered according to IUCN Red List Criteria) are discussed.
A new species of Simaba sect. Grandiflorae (Simaroubaceae) from Jalapão region, Tocantins, Brazil
Authors: Devecchi Marcelo Ferenando , Pirani José Rubens
Published: September 2015

Simaba tocantina, a new species of Simaroubaceae, is described and illustrated. It belongs to Simaba sect. Grandiflorae since its flowers reach 21–25 mm long and its staminal appendages are covered by intertwined trichomes forming a pseudotube around the gynoecium. Its differences from the related species in the section are pointed out herein, including a key to the five species of the group. As other cerrado members in the genus, the new species is a shrub with a thickened underground system, from which a few aerial branches develop, as well as a long, erect, showy inflorescence. It is known only by a few records from the cerrado of the Jalapão State Park in Tocantins, Brazilian Central Plateau, and its conservation status is assessed.
Tillandsia chalcatzingensis, a new species from the state of Morelos, Mexico
Authors: González-Rocha Edith , Cerros-Tlatilpa Rosa , Espejo-Serna Adolfo , López-Ferrari Ana Rosa
Published: September 2015

Tillandsia chalcatzingensis from Morelos, Mexico is described and illustrated. The new species is compared with T. superinsignis, T. thyrsigera and T. tonalaensis, taxa with similar morphological features. A comparative table and a distribution map of these taxa are included.
Making future taxonomy of Niphargus (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Niphargidae) in the Middle East easier: DELTA database of Middle East species with description of four new species from Iran
Authors: ESMAEILI-RINEH SOMAYEH , SARI ALIREZA , FIŠER CENE
Published: September 2015

Four new species from the amphipod genus Niphargus are described, namely N. borisi sp. nov., N. bisitunicus sp. nov., N. darvishi sp. nov. and N. sharifi sp. nov. All four species of this predominantly subterranean genus were collected from springs in the Western region of Iran (Zagros region), which is the eastern borderline of the genus range. The species are morphologically diagnosed, described and illustrated. With these newly described species, the total number of Niphargus species in the Middle East reaches twenty-three. In order to facilitate the identification of Niphargus species in the region and to make future taxonomy of the genus easier, we have compiled a database in DEscription Language for TAxonomy (DELTA) using 23 diagnostic traits for these 23 species and subspecies identified in the Middle East. The database is available on the web as supplementary material whereas the dichotomous identification key automatically generated from the database for routine use is provided as a part of the paper.
Acanthosaura phuketensis (Squamata: Agamidae), a new long-horned tree agamid from southwestern Thailand
Authors: PAUWELS OLIVIER S. G. , SUMONTHA MONTRI , KUNYA KIRATI , NITIKUL AWAT , SAMPHANTHAMIT PHAMON , WOOD PERRY L., JR. , GRISMER LEE L.
Published: September 2015

We describe a new lowland forest-dwelling species of the genus Acanthosaura from Phuket Island and the Phuket mountain range in southwestern Thailand. Acanthosaura phuketensis sp. nov., the 11th species in the genus, seems most closely related to A. crucigera from Myanmar and western Thailand and A. cardamomensis from the Cardamom Mountains, but can be differentiated from them by a combination of morphological and coloration characteristics. This new discovery stresses the importance of preserving the last forest patches remaining on Phuket Island, home to three other squamate endemics.
A new species of pencil smelt Nansenia boreacrassicauda (Microstomatidae, Argentiniformes) from the North Atlantic Ocean
Authors: POULSEN JAN YDE
Published: September 2015

A new microstomatid oceanic species, Nansenia boreacrassicauda spec. nov., is described from the temperate and subarctic Atlantic Ocean. The new species is part of the “stubby caudal peduncle” group and includes the northernmost record of any Nansenia species close to the Arctic Circle. The new species is putatively most similar to the Mediterranean Nansenia iberica, distinguished by a smaller caudal peduncle length/depth ratio, a smaller predorsal distance, more gill rakers, a different lateral line scale type and distribution. Extended Nansenia species distributions and specimens that show extralimital characters in relation to previous works are presented, addressing the current problematic taxonomic issues prevalent in pencil smelts and closely related genera. The new species is described due to increased collecting and taxonomic efforts off Greenland and is not necessarily related to ocean temperature changes.
Integration of Scientific Echo Sounders with an Adaptable Autonomous Vehicle to Extend Our Understanding of Animals from the Surface to the Bathypelagic
Authors: Moline Mark A. , Benoit-Bird Kelly , O’Gorman David , Robbins Ian C.
Published: September 2015

Acoustic echo sounders designed to map and discriminate organisms in the water column have primarily been deployed on ships. Because of acoustic attenuation of higher frequencies used to detect and discriminate micronekton and nekton, this has effectively restricted the range of this information to the upper water column. In an effort to overcome these range limitations by reducing the distance between the transducer and the targets of interest, dual-frequency (38 and 120 kHz) split-beam echo sounders were integrated into a Remote Environmental Monitoring Units (REMUS) 600 autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), effectively doubling the range of quantitative acoustic data into the mesopelagic zone (600–1200 m). Data from the first set of missions in a range of conditions revealed that the AUV provided a stable platform for the echo sounders and improved vertical and horizontal positional accuracy over echo sounders towed by ships. In comparison to hull-mounted echo sounders, elimination of ship noise and surface bubbles provided a 17- and 19-dBW decrease in the noise floor for the 38- and 120-kHz echo sounders, respectively, effectively increasing the sampling range by 30%–40%. The extended depth range also increased the resolution of the acoustic horizontal footprint from 37–40 to 0.6–3.7 m, enabling discrimination of individual targets at depth. Also developed here is novel onboard echo sounder data processing and autonomy to allow sampling not feasible in a surface ship or towed configuration. Taken together, these data demonstrate an effective new tool for examining the biology of animals in the mesopelagic zone (600–1200 m) in ways previously only possible in the upper ocean.
A psycho-educational learning framework for international field work abroad
Authors: Ranz Rebecca
Published: September 2015

International field work training has focused mainly on the importance of support systems and supervision. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no detailed framework that specifies the components and strategies that should be included. To fill this gap, this article will explore the use of an experiential 3-week psycho-educational training seminar. Four main components were developed for the psycho-educational seminar on the basis of the approach to traditional field work practicum. In addition, five strategies were adopted to achieve these components. Practical guidelines are proposed for training social work students in international field work abroad.
A new method of printed fabric image retrieval based on color moments and gist feature description
Authors: Jing Junfeng , Li Qi , Li Pengfei , Zhang Lei
Published: September 2015

Image retrieval has been an active research topic in recent decades. In this paper, a novel and effective algorithm is proposed for printed fabric image retrieval by combining color moments methods and gist feature description methods. Color information distribution could be declared by color moments very well and gist feature description has an advantage in representation of spatial information. Therefore, color features and spatial information features are respectively extracted by color moments and the gist feature description method, which constitutes a feature database. After that, the similarity between query image features and the feature database is computed by Euclidean distance. To demonstrate the efficacy of the framework, experiments are conducted on the FABRIC database. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm is more effective and accurate than other hybrid schemes for printed fabric images, in terms of precision and recall.
The Effect of Under- and Over-Benefited Support Gaps on Hurt Feelings, Esteem, and Relationships
Authors: McLaren Rachel M. , High Andrew C.
Published: September 2015

Although the supportive communication people receive from others during stressful times can be helpful, it can also result in negative outcomes. One explanation for these different effects might be how closely the support people receive matches their desires. This study extends optimal matching theory and examines how the discrepancy between the support people want and what they receive (called support gaps) corresponds with hurt feelings, perceived negative relational consequences, and esteem improvement. People can either receive less support than the desire (i.e., be under-benefited) or receive more support than they desire (i.e., be over-benefited), and these different types of support gaps produce distinct patterns of results. Specifically, action-facilitating support, which includes informational and tangible support, and nurturant support, which includes emotional, esteem, and network support, were studied. Results showed that being over-benefited in informational support and being under-benefited in emotional and esteem support is hurtful, and hurt corresponded with negative relational consequences and reduced esteem improvement. Implications for research on support gaps and hurt feelings are discussed.
Assessing differences in intimate partner obligations based on relationship status, gender, and parental status
Authors: Ganong Lawrence , Jamison Tyler , Chapman Ashton
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of relationship status (i.e., cohabiting or married), gender, and parental status on perceptions about intimate partner obligations. In vignettes depicting various aspects of couple relationships, we measured the effects of relationship status, gender, and parental status on partner obligations, obtaining quantitative and qualitative data. Married couples were perceived to have greater obligations to one another than cohabitors when issues involved potential relationship transitions. Women were perceived to be more obligated than men to support a partner's career change. Open-ended responses indicated that marriage is an important factor in shaping perceived intimate partner obligations, but love, commitment, and intimacy also are important in motivating relationship-enhancing behaviors.
Long-term effects of a progressive and specific balance-training programme with multi-task exercises for older adults with osteoporosis: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Halvarsson Alexandra , Oddsson Lars , Franzén Erika , Ståhle Agneta
Published: September 2015

Objective:

To evaluate long-term effects of balance-training on concerns about falling, gait, balance performance, and physical function in older adults with osteoporosis and increased risk of falling.

Design:

Randomized controlled trial, including three groups (training, training+physical activity, and control group), with follow-ups at three, nine, and 15 months. Short-term, three-month follow-up, benefits for those who fulfilled the first follow-up ( n = 69) have previously been reported.

Setting:

Stockholm, Sweden.

Participants:

A total of 96 elderly, age 66–87, with verified osteoporosis.

Interventions:

Balance-training programme including dual- and multitasks, with or without supplementary physical activity, three times/week over 12 weeks.

Measurements:

Concerns about falling Falls Efficacy Scale -International (FES-I), walking at preferred speed with and without a cognitive dual-task and at fast speed, balance tests (one-leg stance and modified figure-of-eight), and physical function Late-Life Function and Disability Instrument (LLFDI).

Results:

Participants in the training group maintained positive effects throughout the study period for concerns about falling (baseline vs. 15 months, median 27.5 vs. 23 points, p < 0.001) and walking performance (baseline vs. 15 months, p ⩽ 0.05 with an improvement of 0.9–1.4 m/s). The Training+physical activity group declined to baseline values at the nine-month follow-up, and were even lower at the 15-month follow-up for concerns about falling (median 26 vs. 26 points), walking performance (changes of −0.02 to 0.04 m/s), and physical function (mean 44.0 vs. 42.9 points). The control group remained unchanged throughout the study period.

Conclusions:

This balance-training programme reduced concerns about falling, and also improved gait in older adults with osteoporosis and increased risk of falling in a long-term perspective – important issues for fall prevention.