bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF STORM-INDUCED WAVES BY CYCLONE ASHOBAA IN ARABIAN SEA AND GULF OF OMAN
Authors: Ranji Zahra , Soltanpour Mohsen , Shibayama Tomoya
Published: January 2021

Extensive field measurements along the north coast of the Gulf of Oman are analyzed to study the spectral characteristics of the generated waves of Ashobaa along the path of cyclone. The data showed a maximum significant wave height of about 3.2 meters on Iranian coasts. MLMST algorithm was used to process the directional wave. The measured wave spectra were bimodal (or trimodal) when the cyclone was far from the measuring stations. Approaching closer to the stations, the waves turned to unimodal spectra, with the highest measured wave energies at the time of minimum distance between the cyclone eye and the stations. Wave spectrum became bimodal again at the time of landfall, including the local seas and swell waves of the cyclone. After dissipation of the cyclone, swell waves dominate resulting in unimodal wave spectra. Study of 2D wave spectra reveals that minimum values of directional spreading correspond to peak frequencies.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/k9Bs4TebgdE
SALINITY RESPONSE TO ENVIRONMENTAL FLOW RELEASE IN ESTUARIES
Authors: McLean Errol , Hinwood Jon
Published: January 2021

The Snowy River in southern Australia has been impacted by flow diversion since the construction of a dam in the upper catchment, constructed between 1955 and 1967. As part of a monitoring program the effects of two flow releases were studied in 2010 and 2011. The estuarine component of the monitoring and the estuarine modelling phase of the Snowy River Increased Flows Program has been presented. The impact on the estuarine salinity distribution for the selected flow releases is reported and a subsequent modelling exercise outlined. A simple numerical model has been used to simulate about 100 events in a mature barrier estuary, from which a sequence of response types has been identified. The occurrence of each response type has been related to the duration, inflow volume and peak flow rate of the inflow event and to relevant parameters of the estuary. It has been found that the salinity changes may be classified in terms of a dimensionless "estuary flushing parameter" E, which represents the ratio of the direct flushing by the river inflow to the tidal exchange.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/76fefltUCro
MODAL GRAIN SIZE EVOLUTION AS IT RELATES TO THE DREDGING AND PLACEMENT PROCESS - GALVESTON ISLAND, TEXAS
Authors: Maglio Coraggio , Das Himangshu , Fenner Frederick
Published: January 2021

During the fall and winter of 2015, a beneficial-use of dredged material project taking material from the Galveston Entrance Channel and placing it on a severely eroded beach of Galveston Island was conducted. This material was estimated to have 38percent fines. This operation was conducted again in the fall of 2019 and monitored for estimation of the loss of fines, changes in compaction and color from the dredging source to the beach. The local community and state funded the incremental cost at approximately $8 a cubic yard in 2015, and $10.5 a cubic yard in 2019 to have this material pumped to the beach. The projects were closely monitored by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) and the USACE Galveston District. The data from this placement project was used to calculate and better understand the loss of fines during the dredging and placement process as well as aid in the generation of an empirical formula to estimate the loss of fine sediments during dredging and beach placement. This formula takes into account: losses due to dredging equipment operations, slope of the effluent return channel at the beach, sediment settling velocity, and sorting parameter.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/VQ36upT2iQo
MORPHOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF A REEF-FRONTED BEACH TO SEA LEVEL RISE AND REEF DEGRADATION
Authors: Baldock Tom , Ginzo William
Published: January 2021

The morphological response of reef-fronted beaches to sea level rise and reef degradation is investigated by physical modelling. Coral barrier and fringing reefs limit the wave energy reaching sandy beaches, providing protection to many communities worldwide (Ferrario et al., 2014). Sea level rise and loss of reef flat elevation through coral mortality are expected to alter water levels over such reefs in the future. Assessing the morphological response to these processes in the field is very difficult due to the timescale involved, and lack of data for current conditions. Numerical modelling of beach profile response is also poor, even for open coast sandy beaches, and there is limited work modelling of reef fronted beaches, although hydrodynamics can be modelled reasonably well (Buckley et al., 2014). Here, new experiments on beach response to rising water levels and reducing reef flat elevation without tides are presented and compared to a conceptual model that links total sediment transport to the wave height landward of the reef (Baldock et al., 2015). A summary of recent numerical modelling of 2D planform changes for the same scenario will also be presented.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/0ya0UH1Vpsk
NEW RATIONAL MODEL FOR THE CURRENT-INDUCED THREE DIMENSIONAL SCOUR BENEATH SUBMERGED PIPELINES
Authors: Sui Titi , Staunstrup Leon Heine , Carstensen Stefan , Fuhrman David R.
Published: January 2021

New experiments involving the three-dimensional current-induced live-bed scour beneath submerged horizontal cylinders are presented, spanning larger Shields parameter and cylinder-to-sediment diameter ratio than previous studies. Specific emphasis is on gaining a better understanding of, and ability to predict, the span migration velocity during the initial and subsequent development of such a scour hole. Consistent with previous experimental observations, both a primary (faster) and secondary (slower) span migration are observed. Process visualization of suspended sediment patterns are in line with prior speculation that this transition coincides with reduced local bed shear stress amplifications as the scour hole both deepens and widens. Dimensional analysis and physical insight are combined, leading to a new rational model for predicting the span migration velocity in both live-bed and clear-water regimes, with predictions naturally coinciding at the limit of far field incipient motion conditions. In both regimes the data cluster as predicted, and fitted closed-form expressions are provided for predicting the span migration velocity. The rational approach likewise includes a new and simple criterion for the transition from primary to secondary migration in the live-bed regime. In the clear-water regime the model incorporates primary dependence on the ratio of the Shields parameter to its critical value, resolving apparent contradictions with a previous study which suggests that the depth-based Froude number is the most important governing parameter. The developed rational model can be used to quantitatively predict all known major features of the span migration velocity in the early stages of the three dimensional (live-bed and clear-water) scour beneath submerged horizontal cylinders induced by perpendicular flow, and can hence be regarded as the first complete model for this evolution.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/7BCXoqafbH4
ENHANCED SHORELINE MODELLING USING DATA ASSIMILATION TO INCLUDE NON-STATIONARITY IN WAVE CLIMATES
Authors: Ibaceta Raimundo , Splinter Kristen , Harley Mitchell , Turner Ian
Published: January 2021

Coastal zone planning requires tools to predict shoreline response to changes in waves, water levels and sediment supply at time scales ranging from daily to decades. Despite the complexity of the underlying processes driving coastal change, the emergence of a range of semi-empirical models is proving to be increasingly successful at predicting shoreline response at seasonal to interannual timescales (e.g. Davidson et al., 2013). Recent improvements include the addition of processes such as longshore sediment transport and shoreline recession by SLR (e.g. Vitousek et al., 2017). But notably, in all these model formulations to-date, free-parameters are assumed to be time-invariant, relying on calibration over relatively short periods to measured shorelines and wave climate. Adopting a time-invariant set of model free-parameters ignores the bias introduced by the training dataset and any likely future changes in beach state and forcing conditions. The alternative approach presented here allows for time-varying model parameters, with the potential to improve model predictability due to non-stationarity in the underlying forcing. This work makes significant advances on previous shoreline modelling efforts by considering model parameters as potential time-varying quantities, as is common in the field of hydrology (e.g. Pathiraja et al., 2016). This is achieved by adopting a suitable data assimilation technique (Dual State-Parameter Ensemble Kalman Filter, EnKF) within the established shoreline evolution model, ShoreFor (Splinter et al., 2014). The method is first tested and evaluated using synthetic scenarios, specifically designed to emulate a broad range of natural sandy shoreline behavior.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/doAvC89vs4s
FOREDUNE EVOLUTION AT A PROGRADING LOW-ENERGY SEA-BREEZE DOMINATED MICRO-TIDAL BEACH
Authors: Medellin Gabriela , Torres-Freyermuth Alec
Published: January 2021

Foredunes provide habitat and natural protection in coastal areas. The dune formation and development are controlled by aeolian, marine, and ecological processes (Hesp, 2002; Houser, 2009). The dune height is a key parameter for determining storm impact on barrier islands (Sallenger, 2000) and for calculating the Coastal Resilience Index (Dong et al., 2018). Therefore, the understanding of the relative role of both aeolian and marine processes on controlling dune evolution are fundamental for coastal hazards assessment on the context of climate change. A previous study (Cohn et al., 2018) conducted on a meso-tidal beach suggested that extreme water level can contribute to dune growth. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the role of aeolian and marine processes on the dune growth at a low-energy sea-breeze dominated micro-tidal beach located in northern Yucatan peninsula by means of high-resolution beach surveys.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/6f7pM01_jho
A SHORELINE EVOLUTION MODEL BASED ON EQUILIBRIUM FORMULATIONS
Authors: Cardona Camilo Jaramillo , Sanchez Jara Martinez , Rodriguez Mauricio Gonzalez , Santamaria Raul Medina
Published: January 2021

Traditionally, the shoreline hindcast under the influence of changing marine conditions has been considered by means of existing robust shoreline evolution models, such as one-line, multi-line, combined or 3D models. All of them require long data series, many calibration parameters and are computationally intensive. This study presents a new shoreline evolution model considering the integration of cross-shore, planform and rotation equilibrium-based models, applicable over time-scales spanning days, months or several years. The new model successfully reaches the general erosion-accretion trend at a qualitative and quantitative level. As the main conclusion, this is a simple equilibrium-based shoreline evolution model that requires few calibration parameters and is computationally efficient and versatile.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/zkQ7AoAWmEE
PREDICTION OF CONSOLIDATED COHESIVE BOTTOM EROSION BY WAVE ACTION
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Kobayashi Nobuhisa
Published: January 2021

A consolidated cohesive sediment layer exists below a layer of sand on some beaches along the Great Lakes (glacial till) and the Gulf of Mexico. The erosion process of consolidated cohesive sediment may be gradual but irreversible (no recovery) apart from sand and gravel released from the eroded consolidated cohesive sediment. The cohesive sediment erosion rate is increased by a thin mobile layer of sand and decreased by a thick sand layer. The complicated interactions of waves, sand and cohesive bottom are simplified and incorporated into an existing cross-shore numerical model.
SHORELINE RESPONSES TO 100 YEARS OF COASTAL INTERVENTIONS: CASE STUDY OF LETITIA SPIT - NSW, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Silva Ana Paula da , Woortmann Lorena , Silva Guilherme Vieira da , Murray Tom , Strauss Darrell , Tomlinson Rodger
Published: January 2021

Coastal interventions are applied for modifying the equilibrium state of coastal processes in order to address coastal community's needs. In several cases, the issues caused by the introduction of one structure are solved by other engineering solutions, but also creates new side effects. Letitia Spit (Tweed Heads, NSW) is a typical example of long-term coastal management actions that led to new shoreline equilibrium. This paper aimed to outline the shoreline response of Letitia Spit to these interventions and identify the extent of the updrift impact through a long-term remote sensing analysis.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/4qrak8AtlQc
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF SUSPENDED SEDIMENT DYNAMICS IN THE MEKONG DELTA
Authors: Thanh Vo Quoc , Roelvink Dano , Wegen Mick van der , Reyns Johan
Published: January 2021

Delft3D Flexible Mesh (DFM) was used in 2D to compute hydrodynamics and sediment transport in the Mekong Delta. DFM is a process-based model which is solves the two- and three-dimensional shallow equations, based on the finite volume method (Kernkamp et al., 2011).The computational grid covers the entire Mekong Delta, from Kratie, Cambodia to East Sea shelf. It consists of a multi-dimensional grid which includes 1D and 2D combinations. The primary and secondary canals are represented in 1D networks while 2D cells are used for the Mekong River mainstreams, floodplains and shelf. The hydrodynamics results was calibrated and validated by (Thanh et al., 2019). The sediment model was calibrated against the measured data of suspended sediment concentration and fluxes during water year 2011.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/qnKtpFcrMWU
LONG-TERM, ENSEMBLE, DATA-ASSIMILATED SHORELINE CHANGE MODELING
Authors: Vitousek Sean , Cagigal Laura , Montano Jennifer , Rueda Ana , Mendez Fernando , Coco Giovanni , Barnard Patrick
Published: January 2021

We present an ensemble Kalman filter shoreline change model to predict long-term coastal evolution due to waves, sea-level rise, and other natural and anthropogenic processes responsible for sediment transport. The model utilizes ensemble simulations to improve both reliability (via data assimilation) and uncertainty quantification. Coastal change projections exhibit significant differences when simulated with and without ensemble wave conditions. Many long-term coastal change projections rely on a single realization of the future wave climate, often derived from atmospheric conditions simulated by a global climate model. Yet, the single realization approach does not account for the stochastic nature of future wave conditions across a variety of temporal scales (e.g., daily, weekly, seasonally, and interannually). Here, by applying ensemble time series of wave forcing conditions, we demonstrate a sizable increase in model uncertainty compared with the unrealistic case of model projections based on a single realization (e.g., a single time series) of wave forcing.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/V-VwC-cIiQ0
STUDY ON DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF SEABED UNDER WAVES BASED ON DEM-PFV COUPLING METHOD
Authors: Zhang Jinfeng , Tang Qianzi, , Zhang Qinghe
Published: January 2021

The stability of nearshore/offshore structures will be affected by wave loads. The deformation, softening and liquefaction of the seabed under the action of cyclic wave will result in loss of the self-bearing capacity, which endangers the safety of the structure. In this study, based on the open-sourced discretization method software Yade, the numerical model is established by coupling discrete element method (DEM) and porescale finite volume method (PFV). The dynamic response of porous seabed under wave is analyzed.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/0SnuNQti0gI
A 3-D MODEL USING REPRESENTATIVE WAVES METHOD FOR SHORELINE MORPHODYNAMICS AROUND COASTAL STRUCTURES
Authors: Kabiling Michael B.
Published: January 2021

The Fort Pierce Shore Protection Project nourishes a 2.1-km Atlantic Ocean shoreline south of Fort Pierce Inlet in St. Lucie County, Florida. The beach fill erodes nonuniformly with a hotspot along the northernmost 0.7 km requiring nourishment after about two years of normal wave regime. This study validated and applied to beach stabilization a shoreline morphology model to evaluate designs and combinations of coastal structures to increase the nourishment interval. Simulations of long-term normal tides, waves, and storm conditions show (a) shoreline movement pattern similar to the general historical pattern observed in the project area, including accurately indicating the largest erosion rate and shoreline retreat along the first 0.7 km south of the jetty; (b) the coastal structures retain beach fill longer, resulting in lower erosion rates from 0.8 to 6.4 km south of the jetty; and (c) the coastal structures alternative extends the normal beach nourishment interval from the current two years to four years. Application of representative waves allows accurate and efficient modeling of long-term 3-D beach and shoreline deformation.
TURBULENT BORES-INDUCED SCOUR AND PORE PRESSURE VARIATION AROUND A VERTICAL STRUCTURE
Authors: Rajaie Marieh , Azimi Amir H. , Nistor Ioan , Rennie Colin D.
Published: January 2021

Pore pressure and scour formation around coastal structures have been investigated in the past which led to a relationship between the hydrodynamics of tsunami waves and sediment erosion around coastal structures. With the objective of developing a comprehensive model to assess the interaction of hydrodynamic conditions, induced scour, soil pore pressure, and beach slopes, this novel study aims to examine (1) the effect of hydrodynamic forcing factors such as bore depth on scour and pore pressure generation on both horizontal and inclined bed conditions and (2) the effect of bed slope on the scour and pore pressure development and (3) the influence of the soil pore pressure on scour around a square shaped structure.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/dTQ-_GLhtzs
DUNE EROSION AND SAND BAR MIGRATION DURING A STORM EVENT: LARGE-SCALE WAVE FLUME TEST AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION
Authors: Shin Sungwon , Kim Jichang , Yoo Jeseon , Do Kideok , Chang Tae Soo , Kim Jinah
Published: January 2021

The coastal sand dune is an important natural coastal protection system in the nearshore region from storm wave damage. USACE (2013) introduced coastal dune as Nature and Nature-Based Feature for coastal resilience. Therefore, accurately predicting the dune erosion and sediment transport is very important not only to protect the coastal community from the extreme wave but also to provide design guideline for restoration. However, the ability to accurately predict the coastal dune morphodynamics has not been enough improved. The main objective of this study is to investigate erosion and deposition mechanisms of dune and sand bar by obtaining the synoptic data set of movable bed experiment during the entire storm event. Using the experimental data, this study tried to verify the numerical model (XBeachX). Moreover, box cores were used to track the storm history in surf and swash zone.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/E-Itkn36rLQ
BEACH SLOPES FROM SATELLITE-DERIVED SHORELINES
Authors: Vos Kilian , Harley Mitchell D. , Splinter Kristen D. , Walker Andrew , Turner Ian L.
Published: January 2021

The slope of the beach face is a critical parameter for coastal scientists and engineers studying sandy coastlines. However, despite its importance for coastal applications (engineering formulations, coastal flood modelling, swimming safety), it remains extremely difficult to obtain reliable estimates of the beachface slope over large spatial scales (hundreds to thousands of km of coastline). This presentation describes a new method to estimate the beach-face slope exclusively from space-borne observations: shoreline positions derived from publicly available optical imaging satellites and tide heights from satellite altimetry. This new technique is first validated against field measurements and then applied across hundreds of beaches in eastern Australia and California, USA (data available at http://coastsat.wrl.unsw.edu.au/).Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/U9zMbFX4gPk
DEVELOPMENT OF A THREE DIMENSIONAL NUMERICAL MODEL OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT AND MORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION ON SANDY BEACH
Authors: Zhang Qinghe , Ji Chao , Zhang Jinfeng , Wu Yuefeng
Published: January 2021

In recent years, sandy coasts are suffering from erosion. It is of great importance to evaluate the state of coasts and assure the achievement of coastal protection measures. Therefore, a three-dimensional numerical model of sandy beach response was developed based on unstructured grids and with capability of describing nearshore hydrodynamics and sediment transports. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model was first developed based on a coupled wave-current model system that included the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) wave model and the Finite Volume Community Ocean Model (FVCOM) circulation model. Information exchange between the two models used Model-Coupling Toolkit (MCT) software following Chen et al. (2018). The new three-dimensional radiation stress including the bottom slope effects was employed (Ji et al. 2017). Based on the hydrodynamic model, a numerical model of sediment transport and morphological evolution on sandy beach was developed.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/BVVn1kfViH0
LONGHORE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ASSESSMENT BASED ON WAVE SYSTEMS
Authors: Alonso Rodrigo , Solari Sebastian
Published: January 2021

Longshore sediment transport (LST) is one of the main factors influencing coastal morphology and its comprehensive assessment constitutes a valuable input for coastal management. In this work, the concept of long-term wave systems is used to analyze the wave climate of the Uruguayan Atlantic coast with focus on its impact on LST. It is shown how LST rate estimation changes by consider wave spectral partitions, identifies which wave systems contributes most to LST and provides a more detailed insight on its intra- and inter- annual variability and its correlation with climatic indexes.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link):
THE USE OF ONE-LINE MODEL AND LITTORAL DRIFT ROSE CONCEPT IN PREDICTING LONG TERM EVOLUTION OF THE MOLISE COAST
Authors: Buccino Mariano , Ciccaglione Margherita Carmen , Paola Gianluigi Di
Published: January 2021

The long term evolution of the Molise coast (South-East Italy) is analyzed using the Littoral Drift Rose (LDR) concept, coupled to the GENESIS numerical model, which is based on the one line contour equation. LDR has been used to define a single, climate-equivalent, time-invariant sea state, which has been supposed to entirely rule the shoreline changes. Particular attention has been drawn to a 5 km long reach of coast, just south to the mouth of the Trigno river. Results of the analysis indicate the adopted procedure, even if extremely simplified, can explain nearly 90percent of the observed shoreline trend.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/1g0gRCVkaW4
SHOREFACE SEDIMENT AVAILABILITY ON NATURAL AND DEVELOPED COASTS
Authors: Miselis Jennifer , Buster Noreen , Wei Emily , Ciarletta Dan
Published: January 2021

Sediment availability and how sediment is exchanged within a coastal system are key components of coastal resilience, particularly for barrier islands. However, little is known about shoreface sediment distribution and geology, including to what extent it is linked to coastal change. Ultimately, understanding how natural and human-induced variability combine to influence shoreface sediment availability could provide insight to future coastal resilience to both storms and sea-level rise. To explore this, we used vessels and equipment adapted for very shallow water depths and conducted shoreface geophysical surveys along three barrier islands on the east coast of the United States with varying degrees of human intervention.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/5qF4EeTKTjg
INVESTIGATING THE LITTORAL TRANSPORT OF SEDIMENT ALONG THE NASESE COASTLINE, SUVA, FIJI ISLANDS
Authors: Rachman Cyril , Qomariyah Yuyun
Published: January 2021

The research investigated the current Nasese Coastline area from the impact of Littoral transport, a term used for the transport of non-cohesive sediments, i.e. mainly sand, along the foreshore and the shoreface of Nasese due to the action of the breaking waves and the longshore current. The littoral transport is also called the longshore transport or the littoral drift. The theoretical concept coastal sediment properties can be used to evaluate properties of sediment on site to avoid serve impacts towards the Suva Port in the future. The method used was on-site measurement by surveying to generate coastal profiles. Along with this, 1464 hours of wind data for the months of November and December 2019 were used to generate the frequency of the magnitude of Wind and the Direction using Wind Rose Plots for Meteorological Data. The movement of the sediments through the Beach Profiles agrees with the output generated Wind Directions. Therefore, Suva Port, may consider this situation in terms of the routine maintenance of dredging in order to sustain the acceptable depth of the Sea Port.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/vW05xoiNa_w
SCOURING AND LOADING OF IDEALIZED BEACHFRONT BUILDING DURING OVERLAND FLOODING
Authors: Sogut Erdinc , Farhadzadeh Ali
Published: January 2021

The coastlines of the United States are susceptible to tsunamis, windstorms, and other types of flooding hazards. In the past few years, extreme events such as Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Sandy resulted in the loss of lives and properties, costing the nation billions of dollars. Despite the elevated risk of extreme coastal events, the population in coastal communities has been steadily increasing. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the morphodynamics of flooding around near-coast structures. Experimental work has been undertaken to characterize the initiation and development of scour around an idealized building on an erodible berm, during the interaction of a solitary wave with the structure.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/5uLu4cRdVNc
ANALYSIS OF TSUNAMI SCOUR AROUND SQUARE STRUCTURES USING A PUMP-DRIVEN FLOW METHOD
Authors: Aranguiz Rafael , Link Oscar , Aliaga Jose , Briones Oscar , Alarcon Ruben , Nicolas Gatica
Published: January 2021

Estimation of the maximum scour depth is important for defining the size and depth of building foundations in order to avoid failure during a tsunami event (Jayaratne, et al 2016). Traditionally, tsunami scour has been studied in laboratory experiments that use solitary waves. However, it has been demonstrated that this type of wave does not represent well a real tsunami (Madsen et al, 2008). In addition, results from field surveys are based on the scour depth after the tsunami event, studying only the maximum flow depth, and ignoring other hydrodynamic features such as velocity and wave period, as well as sediment deposition. The main objective of this research is to estimate maximum tsunami scour around rectangular structures as a function of realistic tsunami variables.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/ykb-JyL7lsE
SUBMERGED GROYNES FOR BEACH STABILISATION
Authors: Nielsen Lex , Gordon Angus
Published: January 2021

Typically, rubble mound groynes are constructed by end tipping from trucks for which the roadway level must be above high tide. Some adverse effects of such surface piercing groynes include the generation of rips along their trunks (Fleming 1990; Scott et al., 2016), which can transport sand off the beach and out of the groyne compartment. Further, rubble mound groynes have large footprints that may smother benthic habitat. A submerged groyne may obviate such potential adverse impacts. Submerged groynes are used in England to stabilise shingle beaches (Simm et al., 1996). The groyne extends offshore but underwater, protruding far enough above the seabed to arrest alongshore transport of littoral drift. However, scale modelling (Jensen 1997) showed that groynes remaining below the water surface allow for the expansion of rip currents and, hence, a reduction in their velocity and their capacity to transport littoral drift offshore and beyond the groyne compartment. Further, submerged groynes can comprise sheet piling, which may be timber (as used in UK), fibre-reinforced plastic, steel or concrete, which present a negligible footprint, having a minimal impact on benthic habitat.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/UbmLhdXCVj0
GEOTEXTILE TUBE REVETMENT WITH TETRAPODS IN MAYU ISLAND, MYANMAR
Authors: Aung Hein Thit , Toe Chit Yan , Hidayat Hendra
Published: January 2021

Mayu Island (formerly known as Oyster Island) is a very small island of 7,284 squared-meter located off the north-western coast of Myanmar, Bay of Bengal. In mid-April 2006, Cyclone Mala had caused partial damages to the stone revetment. Over the years, the raft foundation of the lighthouse was badly affected and starting to give way. In addition, the safety of the Navy personnel stationed on the island is a major concern as well. Therefore, rectification works has to be carried out to protect the island from total destruction. This paper presents the proven viability of integrating geotextiles tubes into a rock revetment facing harsh weather conditions from the open sea, and the fastest method of filling up geotextile tubes.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/fsTsdqbVAc4
STRUCTURAL RESPONSE OF WOOD STRUCTURES UNDER HYDRAULIC LOADING
Authors: Stolle Jacob , Goseberg Clemens Krautwald, Ioan Nistor, Nils
Published: January 2021

The problem of modelling the dynamic behavior of structures under extreme hydraulic loading requires a comprehensive examination at a range of scale to develop analytical relationships in the development of scaling methodologies. The experimental program outlined here begins this process by examining the structural response of idealized wooden structures under solitary wave loading. This program will be the first comprehensive set of experiments merging structural and hydraulic modelling techniques to capture dynamic behaviour of idealized structural elements.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/tGA_77Lhc1E
EFFECTIVENESS OF ECO-RETROFITS IN REDUCING WAVE OVERTOPPING ON SEAWALLS
Authors: O'Sullivan John , Salauddin Md , Abolfathi Soroush , Pearson Jonathan
Published: January 2021

Terms such as 'nature-based', 'living shoreline', 'green infrastructure' and 'ecological engineering' are increasingly being used to reflect biomimicry-based engineering measures in coastal defences. Innovative interventions for nature-based sea defences have included the retrofitting of man-made water filled depressions or 'vertipools' to existing seawalls (Hall et al., 2019; Naylor et al., 2017) and the addition of artificial drill-cored rock pools to intertidal breakwaters (Evans et al., 2016). Through their capacity to retain water, such measures serve to enhance biodiversity in the built environment (Browne and Chapman, 2014). Evans et al. (2016) for example, experimentally demonstrated that the introduction of artificial rock pools to an intertidal granite breakwater enhanced the levels of species richness compared to those observed on plain surfaces of the breakwater. Notwithstanding these biological benefits, the impetus for incorporation of ecologically friendly measures to existing defences remains low (Salauddin et al., 2020a). This situation could potentially change should it be shown that the addition of 'green' measures to sea defences could enhance wave attenuation and reduce wave overtopping as well as wave pressures on the coastal defence structures. This paper describes small-scale physical modelling investigations of seawalls and explores reductions in wave overtopping that could be realised by retrofitting sea defences with 'green' features (such as 'vertipools'). Surface protrusions of varying scale and density are used in the physical modelling to mimic 'green' features and the results from measurements of overtopping are benchmarked to reference conditions determined from tests on a plain seawall.
THE RELATION BETWEEN SAND AND OVERTOPPING FOR COBBLE REVETMENTS: A NUMERICAL APPROACH WITH OPENFOAM
Authors: Zaalberg Piet , Ockeloen Wouter , Hofland Bas , Antonini Alessandro , Smith Greg
Published: January 2021

For the extension of the Rotterdam port in the Netherlands, a novel type of coastal defence structure has been built: a dynamic cobble revetment. During the recent years sand has washed-in between the cobbles altering its hydrodynamic performance. Currently no relations exist that can accurately predict this change in overtopping performance. As physical experiments on a scale large enough to prevent Reynolds (permeability) scale effects are both very costly and time consuming, numerical models are becoming a serious alternative. In this study the influence of a decrease in porosity and related cobble layer thickness on the overtopping performance is studied using a numerical model.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/TOvuL_fu4eA
STABILITY OF XBLOCPLUS ARMOUR LAYERS AFTER INITIAL DAMAGE
Authors: Bakker Pieter , Hoop Tiemen de , Muttray Markus
Published: January 2021

XblocPlus is an interlocking single layer armour unit that is placed with uniform orientation. The unit is applied with a large safety margin. Physical model test were performed without damage up to stability numbers of Hs/dDn=5.5 whereas a design stability number of Hs/dDn=2.5 has been adopted. The behaviour of an XblocPlus armour layer after initial damage is has been investigated by physical model tests with broken and manually removed model units. XblocPlus armour layers (with uniform orientation) respond differently to initial damage than interlocking armour units with random orientation. The latter are moving and re-arranging in order to bridge a gap in the armour layer (de Rover et al., 2008). XblocPlus units in contrast hardly move and nonetheless maintain the hydraulic stability of the damaged section. Details of the experiments and findings as well as implications for design and maintenance of breakwater armour layers will be discussed in the final paper.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/izwm60IBx-4
SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF WAVE-BY-WAVE OVERTOPPING AT VERTICAL SEAWALLS
Authors: Dong Shudi , Abolfathi Soroush , Salauddin Md , Pearson Jonathan
Published: January 2021

Over the years, many physical and numerical modelling research has been carried out to investigate the wave-structure interactions and the resulting mean overtopping characteristics at sea defences. The most reliable empirical predication formulae for prediction of mean overtopping rates have been reported in the overtopping manual, EurOtop (2018). In addition to average overtopping rates, in recent years, the spatial distribution of overtopped water has become an important topic of research to understand the safe zone behind coastal defences. The existing empirical formulae for spatial distribution of overtopping provide conservative predictions, as it has been derived from the mean overtopping volumes. The extreme wave overtopping hazards in generally originate from individual overtopping events rather than the mean overtopping volumes. This study presents comprehensive laboratory investigations on the spatial distribution of wave-by-wave overtopping at vertical seawalls.
XBLOC-PLUS: THE INTERLOCKING, PATTERN PLACED AND EFFICIENT ARMOUR UNIT
Authors: Donnelly James , Bakker Pieter , Reedijk Bas , Qian Yang Zi
Published: January 2021

Most breakwaters are built with randomly placed single layer armour units as these are most cost-efficient. Most single layer blocks require random unit orientations, which requires the crane operator to assess the orientation of each individual unit during placement. DMC noticed the desire for an interlocking block which can be placed in a regular pattern as many crane operators find it easier to place units uniformly, which requires less intuition. Fifteen years after the introduction of Xbloc, DMC introduces a new interlocking breakwater armour unit called XblocPlus which is placed with uniform block orientations.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/oEb1vsYfjL8
LARGE-SCALE PHYSICAL MODELLING OF A BROKEN SOLITARY WAVE IMPACT ON RIGID AND NON-RIGID BOX-LIKE STRUCTURES
Authors: Krautwald Clemens , Stolle Jacob , Hitzegrad Jan , Niebuhr Peter , Goseberg Nils , Nistor Ioan , Sieder Mike
Published: January 2021

Designing tsunami-safe buildings relies on engineering codes to estimate induced loads. The only such design code, written in mandatory language is "Chapter 6 - Tsunami Loads and Effects" published recently in the ASCE 7-16 (2017). In this study, for the first time, a bore originating from a solitary wave was used to investigate the damage to an idealized structure at relatively large scale (1:5). Therefore, model tests with rigid and non-rigid structures were combined to provide a unique data set of pressure distributions and structural response. This data set could be used to model structural behavior more realistically within the Froude-Cauchy similitude.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/vVnEu9YIuQw
LARGE SCALE IMPACTS OF JETTIES AND TRAINING WALLS - EXPERIENCE ON THE AUSTRALIAN EAST COAST
Authors: Gordon Angus , Nielsen Lex
Published: January 2021

Entrance jetties and training walls have instigated fundamental perturbations to coastal and estuary processes at several locations on the Australian eastern seaboard inducing long term changes to foreshore alignments, tidal current velocities, tidal plane elevations and marine ecologies with significant consequences, some having been realised only recently. This paper presents examples of long-term impacts of entrance jetties and training walls on coastal and estuary processes, gleaned from experience on the NSW coast. Jetties constructed at estuary entrances have the potential to alter fundamental coastal and estuary processes inducing changes that evidence indicates may take centuries to resolve. While many beneficial and adverse impacts of jetty construction have been known for many years, such as the improvements to navigation and flood mitigation from rainfall runoff and the interruption to littoral drift transport causing down-drift erosion, some impacts of jetties and training walls have not been well understood.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ARF55RPCPbA&feature=youtu.be
EXPERIMENTAL DATA AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF WAVE LOADING AND ITS REDUCTION ON SHELTERED BUILDINGS
Authors: Moris Joaquin , Kennedy Andrew , Westerink Joannes
Published: January 2021

Wave loading from inundation events like storms and tsunamis can cause severe structural damage to buildings (Xian et al., 2015); therefore, it is important to predict wave loading as accurately as possible. One uncertainty in estimating wave loads during inundation events is the possible reduction of loads by sheltering from other buildings. Understanding and quantifying this effect could reduce overestimated loads in sheltered buildings and avoid over-conservative structural design. This work aims to quantify the reduction of wave loads in sheltered buildings through the analysis of experimental data and numerical simulations.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/89QblLjDBnI
ROUGHNESS FACTOR FOR MULTI-LAYER ARMOUR AS OVERTOPPING ESTIMATOR
Authors: Franco Leopoldo , Pepi Yuri , Finis Stefano de , Iorio Verdiana , Bellotti Giorgio , Cecioni Claudia
Published: January 2021

Nowadays one of the most challenging problem for engineers is to adapt existing coastal structures to climate changes. Wave overtopping is highly sensitive to the increasing extreme water depths due to higher storm surges coupled with sea level rise. One way to face these problems for rubble mound breakwaters is to add one or more layers to the existing armour. Prediction of wave overtopping of coastal structures is presently obtained from empirical formulae in EurOtop (2018). For the case of overtopping over multi-layer armour, no validated method exists, so prediction must be based upon assumptions and judgement, with related uncertainties. This study is focused on the effects of different types of armour, the number of layer and other structural characteristics on the roughness factor f. The main effects of porosity and roughness will be investigated. This paper analyzes the results of several new physical model tests of different rubble mound breakwaters reproduced at the new medium scale random wave flume of the Department of Engineering of Roma Tre University.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/8cOdqkqQ-9s
LARGE-SCALE LABORATORY EXPERIMENTS AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF WAVE FORCE AND PRESSURE ACTING ON THE URBAN STRUCTURES
Authors: Lee Dayeon , Shin Sungwon , Park Hyoungsu , Cox Dan
Published: January 2021

Low lying coastal communities are most vulnerable to the flooding which causes from sea-level rise (SLR), and extreme coastal flooding events such as hurricanes and tsunami. Notably, the high elevation of sea-levels due to SLR and local tidal conditions could accelerate the damages on the coastal communities. Hard coastal structures such as a submerged breakwater and seawall would consider minimizing the impacts of overland flows to the urban area from the extreme coastal events, but the effectiveness of those hard structures are significantly alter depending on the various waves and sea-level conditions.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/GCOOpB4C3tA
CHANGE OF HORIZONTAL WAVE PRESSURES ON A CAISSON DEPENDING ON THE CREST LEVEL OF ARMOR LAYERS ON THE RUBBLE MOUNTED CORE
Authors: Oh Sang-Ho , Lee Jae-Sung
Published: January 2021

This study reports physical experiment campaign to measure horizontal wave pressure acting on a solid caisson that is protected with double-layer Tetrapods and core-layer of rubble stones. The main focus of this study was to evaluate the effects of crest level of the armor layers on the measured wave pressures. The measurements were conducted with four different models in terms of the coverage of the front face of the caisson: no coverage, full coverage up to the crest of the caisson, and two different partial coverages where the crest level of the armor layers were lower than the crest of the caisson. The wave pressures above the still water level showed significant discrepancy depending on different armor coverages, especially for the caisson that are partially protected by armor blocks. It seemed that impulsive loadings acted at times on the top exposed part of the caisson if the caisson is imperfectly protected by armor blocks.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/e8oNZrmiTjo
SENSORS TO QUANTIFY COASTAL SCHEME FLOOD RESISTANCE AND RESILIENCE
Authors: Brown Jenny , Yelland Margaret , Morris Rebecca , Strain Beth
Published: January 2021

In England about 5 million properties are at risk of flooding. Socio-economic growth, rising sea levels and extreme weather will exacerbate this issue in the next 100 years. Building coastal resilience is vital worldwide to save people from the impact of flooding and the costs of damage and insurance. In Australia the use of mussel reefs and mangrove forests combined with man-made structures are being trialed to see how well they protect shorelines. Ways to measure the evolving effectiveness of nature-based hazard management are now required to determine the cost-benefit over various management epochs. Using capacitance-wire technology we have developed innovative systems to measure the required field data: overtopping, wave, water level and inundation conditions at the land-sea interface.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E9IpZpOPW3I&feature=youtu.be
STORM-DRIVEN WAVE IMPACT LOADS AND SCOUR AT A BEACH SEAWALL
Authors: Perrin Sylvain , Saillour Thomas , Baillit Elodie
Published: January 2021

The Grande-Motte port and seafront development project on the French Mediterranean coastline entailed evaluating wave impact loads (pressures and forces) on the new beach seawall and comparing the resulting scour potential at the base of the existing and new seawall. A physical model was built at ARTELIA's hydraulics laboratory in Grenoble (France) to provide insight into: wave and setup at the beach, the evolution of scour over time at the front of the wall, quasi-static and impulsive wave force intensity and distribution on the wall, and water and sand overtopping discharges over the wall. Light-weight sediment physical model and pressure and force measurements were performed with scale 1:18. The paper will discuss the pros and cons of a physical model versus numerical/ empirical modelsRecorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/AeW3SPwDtVg
MODELLING THE WOLF ROCK LIGHTHOUSE
Authors: Dassanayake Darshana Tharindra , Raby Alison , Ransley Edward , Antonini Alessandro , Monk Kieran , Greaves Deborah
Published: January 2021

Wolf Rock lighthouse (1870) is an isolated offshore rock tower off the Southwest tip of England, built on a steep pinnacle. It is surrounded by relatively deep water, i.e. 60-70m. The lighthouse is battered by Atlantic winter storms, which result in dramatic wave impacts and exceptional runup, even reaching to its 41m high lantern level. New experimental and numerical modelling campaigns are carried out to understand the structural response of this engineering marvel. This paper will present the main results of the hydrodynamic investigations, highlighting the main issues and achievements of the first-ever attempted model of a rock lighthouse with the ambitious scale of 1:40.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/n5L5TcBiWvo
APPLICABILITY OF THE VERTICAL TELESCOPIC BREAKWATER USING THE PAST TYPHOON IN TOKYO BAY
Authors: Harada Yako , Matsumoto Yukihisa , Morishita Kazuho , Oonishi Nobuyuki , Kihara Kazuyoshi , Watanabe Masashi , Arikawa Taro
Published: January 2021

The vertical telescopic breakwater(VTB), which is a new breakwater that permits the navigation of ships, remain at the bottom of the sea during calm and rise to the surface during tsunamis or storm surges. Kawai et al. (2017) and Arikawa et al. (2019) found that it is effective not only for swell waves, but also for long-period waves simulating tsunamis and storm surges by previous experiments and numerical analyses. However, there have been few studies on the performance of VTB by numerical calculations in actual ports using actual typhoons. In addition, sea levels and changes in characteristics of typhoon due to climate change are predicted to occur; hence, we are concerned about the damage in all quarters caused by storm surge inundation, especially at Tokyo. Therefore, in this study, we used hypothetical typhoons under worst-case scenarios and quantitatively evaluated the protection performance of VTB against hypothetical typhoons with different aperture rates of VTB in Tokyo Bay by the numerical simulation.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/qof5ixKqIiA