bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a mobile app for dark adaptation measurement in individuals with age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Pundlik Shrinivas , Shivshanker Prerana , Nigalye Archana , Luo Gang , Husain Deeba
Published: December 2023

We present clinical evaluation of a mobile app for dark adaptation (DA) measurement in age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients and in older adults (age > 50 years) without AMD or other retinal disorders (NV). The outcome measures were the area under dark adaptation curve (AUDAC) and the time for visual sensitivity to recover by 3 log units (TR). Larger AUDAC and TR values indicated worse DA response. The association of AUDAC with AMD was analyzed using linear regression, while time-to-event analysis was used for TR. 32 AMD patients (mean ± SD; age:72 ± 6.3 years, VA:0.09 ± 0.08 logMAR) and 25 NV subjects (mean ± sd; age:65 ± 8.7 years, VA:0.049 ± 0.07 logMAR) were measured with the app. Controlling for age, VA, and cataract severity, the AMD presence was significantly associated with higher AUDAC (β = 0.41, 95% CI 0.18–0.64, p = 0.001) and with slower sensitivity recovery (β = 0.32, 95% CI 0.15–0.69, p = 0.004). DA measurements with the app were highly correlated with those obtained with AdaptDx—an established clinical device (n = 18, ρ = 0.87, p < 0.001). AMD classification accuracy using the app was 72%, which was comparable to the 71% accuracy of AdaptDx. Our findings indicate that the mobile app provided reliable and clinically meaningful DA measurements that were strongly correlated with the current standard of care in AMD.
A microbial ecosystem enhanced by regulating soil carbon and nitrogen balance using biochar and nitrogen fertiliser five years after application
Authors: Meng Fanhao , Yang Hengshan , Fan Xiuyan , Gao Xin , Tai Jicheng , Sa Rula , Ge Xuanliang , Yang Xuezhen , Liu Qingyi
Published: December 2023

The indiscriminate use of nitrogen fertiliser (NF) is a obstruction to improve soil quality and crop yields. However, the effect of biochar and NF on soil microbial ecosystem (SME) and crop yields is unknown. A five-year field experiment in China aimed to evaluate the effects of biochar and nitrogen fertiliser (NF) combination on soil structure, C-to-N ratio (CNR), microbial biomass, and spring maize yield. Biochar and NF were applied at different rates, and the combined application resulted in a soil solid–liquid–gas ratio closer to the ideal value. The use of biochar alone and in combination with NF significantly increased soil's C, N, and CNR. A moderate application of biochar and NF resulted in favourable biological and chemical properties of the soil. The application of biochar and NF at moderate levels led to an increase in SME, with the B8N150 producing the highest yield. The highest yield of B8N150 represents a 24.25% increase compared to the unfertilized control and a 9.04% increase compared to B0N150. Moderate use of biochar and NF could be beneficial in areas with similar climatic conditions.
Structure and functional impact of glycosaminoglycan modification of HSulf-2 endosulfatase revealed by atomic force microscopy and mass spectrometry
Authors: Seffouh Ilham , Bilong Mélanie , Przybylski Cédric , El Omrani Nesrine , Poyer Salomé , Lamour Guillaume , Clément Marie-Jeanne , Boustany Rebecca-Joe , Gout Evelyne , Gonnet Florence , Vivès Romain R. , Daniel Régis
Published: December 2023

The human sulfatase HSulf-2 is one of only two known endosulfatases that play a decisive role in modulating the binding properties of heparan sulfate proteoglycans on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Recently, HSulf-2 was shown to exhibit an unusual post-translational modification consisting of a sulfated glycosaminoglycan chain. This study describes the structural characterization of this glycosaminoglycan (GAG) and provides new data on its impact on the catalytic properties of HSulf-2. The unrevealed nature of this GAG chain is identified as a chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) mixed chain, as shown by mass spectrometry combined with NMR analysis. It consists primarily of 6-O and 4-O monosulfated disaccharide units, with a slight predominance of the 4-O-sulfation. Using atomic force microscopy, we show that this unique post-translational modification dramatically impacts the enzyme hydrodynamic volume. We identified human hyaluronidase-4 as a secreted hydrolase that can digest HSulf-2 GAG chain. We also showed that HSulf-2 is able to efficiently 6-O-desulfate antithrombin III binding pentasaccharide motif, and that this activity was enhanced upon removal of the GAG chain. Finally, we identified five N-glycosylation sites on the protein and showed that, although required, reduced N-glycosylation profiles were sufficient to sustain HSulf-2 integrity.
Information encoded in volumes and areas of dendritic spines is nearly maximal across mammalian brains
Authors: Karbowski Jan , Urban Paulina
Published: December 2023

Many experiments suggest that long-term information associated with neuronal memory resides collectively in dendritic spines. However, spines can have a limited size due to metabolic and neuroanatomical constraints, which should effectively limit the amount of encoded information in excitatory synapses. This study investigates how much information can be stored in the population of sizes of dendritic spines, and whether it is optimal in any sense. It is shown here, using empirical data for several mammalian brains across different regions and physiological conditions, that dendritic spines nearly maximize entropy contained in their volumes and surface areas for a given mean size in cortical and hippocampal regions. Although both short- and heavy-tailed fitting distributions approach $$90-100\%$$

90
-
100
%

of maximal entropy in the majority of cases, the best maximization is obtained primarily for short-tailed gamma distribution. We find that most empirical ratios of standard deviation to mean for spine volumes and areas are in the range $$1.0\pm 0.3$$

1.0
±
0.3

, which is close to the theoretical optimal ratios coming from entropy maximization for gamma and lognormal distributions. On average, the highest entropy is contained in spine length ($$4-5$$

4
-
5

bits per spine), and the lowest in spine volume and area ($$2-3$$

2
-
3

bits), although the latter two are closer to optimality. In contrast, we find that entropy density (entropy per spine size) is always suboptimal. Our results suggest that spine sizes are almost as random as possible given the constraint on their size, and moreover the general principle of entropy maximization is applicable and potentially useful to information and memory storing in the population of cortical and hippocampal excitatory synapses, and to predicting their morphological properties.
Revisiting effects of teacher characteristics on physiological and psychological stress: a virtual reality study
Authors: Bardach Lisa , Huang Yizhen , Richter Eric , Klassen Robert M. , Kleickmann Thilo , Richter Dirk
Published: December 2023

Identifying personal characteristics associated with teachers’ stress is a longstanding research goal with important implications for practice. The present work revisits the effects of individual characteristics in terms of neuroticism, classroom management self-efficacy, and cognitive (reasoning) abilities on stress using virtual reality (VR). Relying on a sample of 56 German pre-service teachers (Mage = 22.73, SDage = 4.93; 50.9% females), we capitalized on a VR classroom environment that allowed the integration of experimental control and authentic teaching situations, where pre-service teachers responded to the disruptive behaviors of the student avatars. We focused on stress responses in terms of psychological stress (self-reported stress) assessed after the VR session, and physiological stress (heart rate) assessed during the VR session. A total of 30 (26) participants was assigned to a condition with higher (lower) levels of disruptive student behavior, referred to as higher and lower complexity condition, respectively. Results from linear mixed-effects models revealed that neuroticism positively predicted psychological and physiological stress responses in pre-service teachers, whereas classroom management self-efficacy and cognitive (reasoning) abilities were not significantly related to stress responses. Level of complexity and the interaction between complexity and individual characteristics did not have an effect. This study underlines the value of VR as a tool for psychological research and contributes to existing knowledge on teacher characteristics and stress.
A potent subset of Mycobacterium tuberculosis glycoproteins as relevant candidates for vaccine and therapeutic target
Authors: Yari Shamsi , Afrough Parviz , Yari Fatemeh , Ghazanfari Jajin Morteza , Fateh Abolfazl , Hadizadeh Tasbiti Alireza
Published: December 2023

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the most afflictive bacterial infections globally. In high burden TB countries, surveillance, diagnosis and treatment of drug resistant TB (RR and X/MDRTB) display a crucial public health challenge. Therefore, we need new TB vaccines; diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to briskly prevent disease promotion; reduce drug-resistant TB and protect everyone from disease. The study identified various potent membrane and cell wall M. tuberculosis glycolipoproteins that are relevant for diagnostics, drug and vaccine discovery. A M. tuberculosis Proskauer and Beck broth culture was extracted for total proteins by ammonium sulfate method. After ConA-Affinity Chromatography reputed glycoproteins were collected followed by 2DE gel electrophoresis and LC Mass spectrometry. A total of 293 glycoproteins were identified using GlycoPP and IEDB database. Probable conserved trans-membrane protein (Rv0954), LpqN (Rv0583), PPE68 (Rv3873), Phosphate-binding protein (Rv0932c), PPE61 (Rv3532) and LprA (Rv1270c), had the highest glycosylation percentage value with 13.86%, 11.84%, 11.68%, 11.1%, 10.59% and10.2%, respectively. Our study discloses several dominant glycoproteins that play roles in M. tuberculosis survival, and immunogenicity. These include glycoproteins involved in antigenicity, transport and biosynthesis of M. tuberculosis cell envelope, pathogen-host interaction and drug efflux pumps, which are considered as a feasible drug targets or TB new vaccine candidates.
Optimized sample buffer for dispersed, high-resolution capillary zone electrophoretic separation of Escherichia coli B
Authors: Huge Bonnie Jaskowski , Kerr Caitlin M. , Wanigasinghe Sacheela , Champion Matthew M. , Dovichi Norman J.
Published: December 2023

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) is a powerful tool for high resolution chemical separations. Applying CZE to microbial samples may facilitate a deeper understanding of bacterial physiology and behavior. However, the study of complex microbial samples has been limited by the uncontrolled hetero-aggregation of bacterial cells under an applied electric field. We tested a wide range of sample buffers and buffer additives for the optimization of bacterial CZE separations using a 20 mM Tris–HCl background electrolyte. By modifying the sample buffer, but not the background electrolyte, we retain constant separation conditions, which aids in the comparison of the sample buffer additives. We report optimized methods for automated CZE separation and simultaneous fractionation of Escherichia coli B, which is one of the two most widely used wild-type strains. A modified sample buffer containing neutral salts and the addition of glycerol produced a 20-fold increase in loading capacity and a reduction in peak width/broadening of 86% in comparison to previously reported work. In addition, the glycerol-modified sample buffer appears to reduce the persistent aggregation and adhesion to the capillary walls during electrophoretic separations of complex environmental microbiota.
Key factors behind various specific phobia subtypes
Authors: Zsido Andras N. , Kiss Botond L. , Basler Julia , Birkas Bela , Coelho Carlos M.
Published: December 2023

While it has been suggested that more than a quarter of the whole population is at risk of developing some form of specific phobia (SP) during their lives, we still know little about the various risk and protective factors and underlying mechanisms. Moreover, although SPs are distinct mental disorder categories, most studies do not distinguish between them, or stress their differences. Thus, our study was manifold. We examined the psychometric properties of the Specific Phobia Questionnaire (SPQ) and assessed whether it can be used for screening in the general population in a large sample (N = 685). Then, using general linear modeling on a second sample (N = 432), we tested how potential socio-demographic, cognitive emotion regulatory, and personality variables were associated with the five SP subtypes. Our results show that the SPQ is a reliable screening tool. More importantly, we identified transdiagnostic (e.g., younger age, female gender, rumination, catastrophizing, positive refocusing) as well as phobia-specific factors that may contribute to the development and maintenance of SPs. Our results support previous claims that phobias are more different than previously thought, and, consequently, should be separately studied, instead of collapsing into one category. Our findings could be pertinent for both prevention and intervention strategies.
Dual anticancer and antibacterial activity of fluorescent naphthoimidazolium salts
Authors: Tran Dung Ngoc , Hoang Thi Thuy Hang , Nandanwar Sondavid , Ho Vuong Thi Thanh Xuan , Pham Van Thong , Vu Huy Duc , Nguyen Xuan Ha , Nguyen Huy Trung , Nguyen Trang Van , Nguyen Thuy Kieu Van , Tran Dai Lam , Park Myeongkee , Lee Songyi , Pham Thanh Chung
Published: December 2023

Molecular design and synthesis toward two-photon-excited and lysosome-targeted fluorescent naphthoimidazolium salts with anticancer and antibacterial activity.
Novel Cu(ii) acidic deep eutectic solvent as an efficient and green multifunctional catalytic solvent system in base-free conditions to synthesize 1,4-disubstituted 1,2,3-triazoles
Authors: Bagherzadeh Nastaran , Amiri Mohammad , Sardarian Ali Reza
Published: December 2023

A novel Cu(ii)-acidic deep eutectic solvent was synthesized by the eco-friendly strategy and applied as multifunctional catalytic solvent system to furnish high yield of 1,2,3-triazoles in reducing agent- and base-free condition via CuAAC reaction.
One-pot synthesis of unsubstituted and methyl substituted-pyrazinyl diselenides and monoselenides: structural, optical property characterization and DFT calculations
Authors: Kushwah Nisha , Chopade Suresh M. , Wadawale Amey , Sharma P. , Kedarnath G.
Published: December 2023

A facile synthesis of selenopyrazine compounds is demonstrated at room temperature. The molecular structures are unambiguously determined using SC-XRD. Additionally, the optical properties of these compounds are studied.
Effect of calcium ion concentration on the ORR performance of Pd/C catalysts
Authors: Tong Lin jun , Lin Xiaojuan , Cai Jian wen , Fu Wen , Deng Xiaoting
Published: December 2023

Noble metal electrocatalysts prepared by microbial methods have attracted extensive attention because of their environmental protection and easy preparation.
Processing and properties of jute (Corchorus olitoriusL.) fibres and their sustainable composite materials: a review
Authors: Ramesh M. , Deepa C.
Published: December 2023

Jute fibres and their composites have attracted attention from researchers and have been used in many fields.
Uncovering cation disorder in ternary Zn1+xGe1−x(N1−xOx)2 and its effect on the optoelectronic properties
Authors: Wang Zhenyu , Többens Daniel M. , Franz Alexandra , Savvin Stanislav , Breternitz Joachim , Schorr Susan
Published: December 2023

Ternary nitrides have potential as sustainable solar absorber materials. Their structures permit unique bandgap tuning through cation disorder. We experimentally show two independent disorder modes influencing the bandgap in similar but distinct ways.
“Take Us Into Account”: Perspectives of Family Members of People With Parkinson's Disease Regarding Speech-Language Pathology Intervention
Authors: Baylor Carolyn , Cook Kate J. , McAuliffe Megan J.
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

While communication changes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) have been documented, research on the impact of these changes on family members is just beginning to emerge. With this new focus on family, questions arise as to how well speech-language pathology services address their needs communicating with their loved one with PD. The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of family members of people with PD (PwPD) and their recommendations for speech-language pathology services that incorporated their needs.

Method:

Seventeen spouses/partners of PwPD participated in focus groups that were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using thematic analyses.

Results:

Three themes emerged, all focusing around the central tenet that the experiences of family members, and hence their need for speech-language pathology support, transitioned through the stages of PD progression. Theme 1 summarized increasing burdens on family to manage communication as PD progressed beyond a brief period of independent strategy use by PwPD. Theme 2 highlighted multifactorial contributors to communication burdens on families, with cognitive impairments being the most underrecognized. Theme 3 illustrated how families wanted more intervention options from speech-language pathologists (SLPs) that included them, but with a tailored approach for PD stages and personal preferences.

Conclusions:

When SLPs provide families with either generic communication strategies or strategies that do not fit the individualized needs of PwPD and their families, we may inadvertently be increasing the burden on families. There is a need for systematic, evidence-based, family-centered interventions that include, but go beyond, current speech-focused interventions to meet the shared communication needs of PwPD and their families.
Cosmic evolution of FRI and FRII sources out to z = 2.5
Authors: de Jong J. M. G. H. J. , Röttgering H. J. A. , Kondapally R. , Mingo B. , van Weeren R. J. , Best P. N. , Morabito L. K. , Magliocchetti M. , Oonk J. B. R. , Villarrubia-Aguilar A. , Vecchi F. F.
Published: December 2023

Context. Radio-loud active galactic nuclei (RLAGN) play an important role in the evolution of galaxies through the effects on their environment. The two major morphological classes are core-bright (FRI) and edge-bright (FRII) sources. With the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR), we can now compare the FRI and FRII evolution down to lower flux densities and with larger samples than before.

Aims. Our aim is to examine the cosmic space density evolution for FRIs and FRIIs by analyzing their space density evolution between L150 ∼ 1024.5 W Hz−1 and L150 ∼ 1028.5 W Hz−1 and up to z = 2.5. In particular, we look at the space density enhancements and compare the FRI and FRII evolution with the total RLAGN evolution.

Methods. We constructed radio luminosity functions (RLFs) from FRI and FRII catalogues based on recent data from LOFAR at 150 MHz to study the space densities as a function of radio luminosity and redshift. These catalogues contain over 100 times the number of FRIs with associated redshifts greater than z = 0.3, compared to the most recent FRI/FRII RLF study. To derive the maximum distance according to which a source can be classified and to correct for detection limits, we conducted simulations of how sources appear across a range of redshifts.

Results. Our RLFs do not show any sharp transitions between the space density evolution of FRI and FRII sources as a function of radio luminosity and redshift. We report a space density enhancement from low to high redshift for FRI and FRII sources brighter than L150 ∼ 1027 W Hz−1. Furthermore, while we observe a tentative decrease in the space densities of FRIs with luminosities below L150 ∼ 1026 W Hz−1 and at redshifts beyond z = 0.8, this may be due to residual selection biases. The FRI/FRII space density ratio does not appear to evolve strongly as a function of radio luminosity and redshift.

Conclusions. We argue that the measured space density enhancements above L150 ∼ 1027 W Hz−1 are related to the higher gas availability in the earlier, denser universe. The constant FRI/FRII space density ratio evolution as a function of radio luminosity and redshift suggests that the jet-disruption of FRIs might be primarily caused by events occurring on scales within the host galaxy, rather than being driven by changes in the overall large-scale environment. The remaining selection biases in our results also highlight the need to resolve more sources at angular scales below 40″, thereby strengthening the motivation for further developing and automating the calibration and imaging pipeline of LOFAR data to produce images at a sub-arcsecond resolution.
Gaia FGK benchmark stars: Fundamental Teff and log g of the third version
Authors: Soubiran C. , Creevey O. L. , Lagarde N. , Brouillet N. , Jofré P. , Casamiquela L. , Heiter U. , Aguilera-Gómez C. , Vitali S. , Worley C. , de Brito Silva D.
Published: December 2023

Context. Large spectroscopic surveys devoted to the study of the Milky Way, including Gaia, use automated pipelines to determine the atmospheric parameters of millions of stars. The Gaia FGK benchmark stars are reference stars with Teff and log 𝑔 derived through fundamental relations, independently of spectroscopy, to be used as anchors for the parameter scale. The first and second versions of the sample have been extensively used for that purpose, and more generally to help constrain stellar models.

Aims. We provide the third version of the Gaia FGK benchmark stars, an extended set intended to improve the calibration of spectroscopic surveys, and their interconnection.

Methods. We have compiled about 200 candidates that have precise measurements of angular diameters and parallaxes. We determined their bolometric fluxes by fitting their spectral energy distribution. Masses were determined using two sets of stellar evolution models. In a companion paper, we describe the determination of metallicities and detailed abundances.

Results. We provide a new set of 192 Gaia FGK benchmark stars with their fundamental Teff and log 𝑔, and with uncertainties lower than 2% for most stars. Compared to the previous versions, the homogeneity and accuracy of the fundamental parameters are significantly improved thanks to the high quality of the Gaia photometric and astrometric data.
Young, wild, and free: The early expansion of star clusters
Authors: Della Croce A. , Dalessandro E. , Livernois A. , Vesperini E.
Published: December 2023

Early expansion plays a fundamental role in the dynamical evolution of young star clusters. However, until very recently most of our understanding of cluster expansion was based only on indirect evidence or on statistically limited samples of clusters. Here we present a comprehensive kinematic analysis of virtually all known young Galactic clusters (t < 300 Myr) based on the improved astrometric quality of theGaiaDR3 data. Such a large sample provides an unprecedented opportunity to robustly constrain the fraction of clusters and the timescale during which expansion has a prominent impact on the overall kinematics. We find that a remarkable fraction (up to 80%) of clusters younger than ∼30 Myr is currently experiencing significant expansion, whereas older systems are mostly compatible with equilibrium configurations. We observe a trend in which the expansion speed increases with the cluster-centric distance, suggesting that clusters undergoing expansion will likely lose a fraction of their present-day mass. Also, most young expanding clusters are extended, possibly due to the expansion itself. A comparison with a set ofN-body simulations of young star clusters shows that the observed expansion pattern is in general qualitative agreement with that found for systems undergoing violent relaxation and evolving toward a final virial equilibrium state. However, we also note that additional processes likely associated with residual gas expulsion and mass loss due to stellar evolution likely also play a key role in driving the observed expansion.
Analysis of The Carrying Capacity of Agricultural Land in South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Daniswara Nugraha Favian , Ayulia Anggraini Syifa , Zayyin Asrofi Muhammad , Fitria Putri Ratih
Published: December 2023

The agricultural sector is the field sector that contributes the largest Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in South Sulawesi, which has a valueof more than 109 billion. This study aims to analyze the carrying capacity offood agriculture land to be useful for evaluation and ongoing planning management of food agricultural land in South Sulawesi. The data obtained is secondary data originating from South Sulawesi in Figures 2021 published by the Central Statistic Agency (BPS). The method used is adescriptive quantitative approach to describe relationships between variables. The calculation of Carrying Capacity of Agricultural Land in this study used a combination of theories from Odum, Christeller, Ebenezer Howard, and Isard. The variables used in the calculation included the harvested land area (Ha), population size, average rice production per hectare (Kg/Ha), and the Minimum Physical Requirement with apredetermined value of 265. The result showed that there are 7 class I where Barru, Bone, Soppeng, Waju, Sidenreng Rappang, Pinrang, and East Luwu Regencies are included. While for class two classification consists of 10 districts and the remaining seven are included in class 3 indicating the lowestcarrying capacity among all urban districts in South Sulawesi.
GIS-Based Assessment of Land Suitability for Rubber Cultivation in Chittagong District, Bangladesh
Authors: Hoque Md. Ahasanul , Ahmed Rezwan
Published: December 2023

This research examines the viability of rubber cultivation in Chittagong, Bangladesh, employing Geographic Information System (GIS) methodologies and a detailed multi-criteria model. Given Bangladesh’s conducive agroclimatic conditions, rubber cultivation offers a promising avenue for sustainable economic expansion. This study evaluates essential parameters such as temperature, elevation, slope, soil texture, pH, and depth to gauge the aptness of land for rubber plantations. The research’s main objective is to identify the potential of rubber cultivation in Chittagong, given its climatic advantages and economic incentives. This analysis aids stakeholders, including policymakers, farmers, and investors, in aligning with larger goals of economic development and agricultural diversification. Key findings suggest that Chittagong’s attributes, including optimal temperature, suitable elevations, moderate slopes, and fitting soil properties, make it ideal for rubber cultivation. Further analysis incorporates factors like land use and river proximity. The central region emerges as particularly promising, while urban and aquatic regions are omitted, highlighting conscientious land use. These insights can guide stakeholders toward sustainable rubber cultivation, fostering rural development, job creation, and foreign exchange benefits in Bangladesh. This research is pivotal for the economic diversification strategy and the sustainable growth of rubber cultivation in the area.
Can iPhone/iPad LiDAR data improve canopy height model derived from UAV?
Authors: Umarhadi Deha Agus , Senawi  , Wardhana Wahyu , Soraya Emma , Jihad Aqmal Nur , Ardiansyah Fiqri
Published: December 2023

Aerial images resulting from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are widely used to estimate tree height. The filtering method is required to distinguish between ground and off-ground point clouds to generate a canopy height model. However, the filtering method is not always perfect since UAV data cannot penetrate canopies into the forest floor. The release of iPhone/iPad devices with built-in LiDAR sensors enables the more affordable use of LiDAR for forestry study, including the measurement of local topography below forest stands. This study investigates to what extent iPhone/iPad LiDAR can improve the accuracy of canopy height model from the UAV. The integration of UAV and iPhone/iPad LiDAR data managed to increase the accuracy of tree height model with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.188 m, compared to UAV data (MAE = 2.446 m). This preliminary study showed the potential of combining UAV and iPhone/iPad LiDAR data for estimating tree height.
Crop Pattern Suitability Based on Water Availability in Dry-Land Agriculture Nawungan, Selopamioro, Imogiri, Bantul
Authors: Putranti Khoirida Dian , Pulungan Nur Ainun H.J. , Nurudin Makruf
Published: December 2023

Climate change has changed the rainfall pattern. It causes a shifting in the beginning of the rainy and dry seasons as well as the planting season. This will affect changes in the calculation of the potential availability of agricultural water due to the distribution of water that is not in accordance with needs. Strategies and adaptation technology so that the agricultural sector is resilient to climate change are urgently needed. Crop patterns setting is considered an alternative to adapt to the limited water availability in Nawungan. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the suitability of cropping patterns in Nawungan agricultural land to find out whether the cropping patterns that have been or are being implemented are still appropriate or not with climate change. The research methods included interviews, surveys and field measurements, as well as laboratory analysis. Interviews were conducted with 30 respondents to collect information regarding variations in crop patterns applied. Field surveys were carried out to determine the zoning of crop patterns based on interview data. Field measurements were made of landscape analysis. Laboratory analysis was carried out on the measurement of soil parameters. The results showed that crop pattern that is suitable with the water availability at the research location is P3 (paddy-secondary crop-bero) zoning. Cropping period that has sufficient water availability is MT-2.
Effectiveness combination of leucaena compost and coconut shell biochar on reduce soil compaction and corn growth in ultisol
Authors: Endriani  , Listyarini Diah
Published: December 2023

This study aims to identify optimal dose combinations that significantly impact reducing soil compaction in Ultisols and corn growth. The randomized block design (RBD) was utilized to conduct the study. The ameliorant materials consisted of leucaena compost and coconut shell biochar, which were divided into ten treatments and three treatments with 10 treatments & 3 group for each treatment. The treatments were combinations of coconut shell biochar leucaena compost and inorganic fertilizer. Soil physical parameters, such as soil organic matter, bulk density, porosity, and penetration resistance, were monitored during the study. The analysis was conducted using ANOVA at 95% confidence level (α = 5%). Subsequently, Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was conducted to evaluate the average effect of treatment. The result of the study indicated that Treatment of 5 tons/ha compost + 5 tons/ha biochar + ½ dose of inorganic fertilizer was able to reduce soil density compared to the control and showed a decrease in bulk density, as well as an increase in soil porosity, and a decrease in the value of soil penetration resistance. Treatment of 10 tons/ha of compost with 10 tons/ha of biochar + ½ dose of inorganic fertilizer is the best treatment for corn growth.
Enhancing food operator intention on specialty café using 3R waste management approach for eco-enzyme production as an implementation of SDGs 12 (Study on Akkar Specialty Cafés)
Authors: Andhini Wahyu Putri , Nugroho Darmawan Ari , Kurniawan M. Prasetya
Published: December 2023

Handling café business waste is essential for environmental protection, especially for organic food waste. After all, organic food waste decomposes quickly and produces methane gas, which has a pungent odor if not appropriately managed. This research analyzes and describes the waste management activities of specialty café businesses, starting with showing the development potential for managing by-product waste to increase added value and increase customer awareness. The research method used is descriptive qualitative analysis based on literature study, observation, interviews, and analysis of other supporting documents. The practice of waste management can positively impact the amount of waste generated from the café business because the amount of waste that must be submitted to the landfill can be reduced and provide by-products to increase income and café aesthetics. Waste management can be implemented by collecting and sorting waste and then processing it into by-products, one of which is by making eco-enzymes. The impact of this activity is that café businesses can educate employees and consumers to care more about the environment through simple waste management. The limitation of this study is that the research was conducted without a waste treatment trial process. Although this research is locally focused and qualitative, the results and methods of this research can be used to guide the implementation of wiser and more sustainable café business waste management.
Assessment of Surface Runoff Potency under Tropical Environment for Soil and Water Conservation Planning
Authors: Khoirotunnisa Safira Defiani , Nafisa Gina Isna , Setyawan Chandra , Nu’man Muchammad , Ngadisih
Published: December 2023

Water is essential for living organisms, including crops. Its presence is a crucial factor for agriculture. Soil and water conservation is an effort to sustainably maintain the availability of water, thereby meeting the water needs of crops in the agricultural sector. This research aims to estimate the potency of surface runoff as a hydrological indicator of watershed critically for soil and water conservation purposes. A hydrological tank model was used to estimate surface runoff. The results showed a potential for surface runoff of approximately 133.82 mm/month, occurring primarily during the peak rainy season from December to April. Soil and water conservation (SWC) technology using water harvesting ponds (WHP) on farmland was proposed to store surface runoff. Data analysis indicates that the use of WHP provides significant benefits from environmental and economic aspects. Based on an average WHP storage capacity of 10 m³, approximately 40% of the total watershed area is required for constructing water harvesting structures to accommodate all surface runoff. Harvesting all surface runoffs increases the base flow during the dry season by 225.14 mm. This study serves as a valuable reference for soil and water conservation planning, particularly in tropical watersheds.
Relationship Between Tree Height-Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) and Crown Diameter-DBH of Fruit Trees in Bogor Botanical Gardens
Authors: Ekasari Indriani , Kurnia Rifaangga
Published: December 2023

Ex-situ conservation of Bogor Botanical Gardens (BBG) represents a collection of predominantly Indonesian species and constitutes an exceptional tropical garden. The gardens’ living collections, which include fruit trees, were mostly native to the forest and uncultivated, preserving their original characteristics. The study’s aim was to examine the relationship between tree height and breast height diameter and breast height diameter and canopy diameter of fruit trees at BBG. Three individuals from each of the fifteen selected fruit species were measured for their diameter breast height (DBH), crown diameter, and tree height. The highest mean of all parameters was for Durio zibethinus, while the lowest mean of all parameters was for Garcinia mangostana. Mostly fruit tree species have a positive and strong correlation. The highest and the lowest relationship between tree height and DBH was for C. burmanii (R2=99.88%) and for C. nucifera (R2=1.21%). The highest and the lowest relationship between crown diameter and DBH was for C. burmanii with linear regression (R2=99.94%) and for A. catechu with logarithmic regression (R2=24.06%). There was a positive relationship between DBH and tree height and between crown diameter and DBH for the growth prediction of fifteen fruit trees in BBG.
Spatial Distributional of Irrigation Water Quality in Peaty Paddy Field of Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia
Authors: Abdilah Moch Reza Wahyu , Susanto Sahid , Setyawan Chandra , Zaki Muhamad Khoiru , Ramadhani Dehafiyyan
Published: December 2023

Paddy is one of the main food-crop commodities in Indonesia. The main problem in paddy cultivation in Paser Regency is good water quality for plants. Water is the main requirement for paddy plants to grow and develop. Water quality to meet the needs of paddy plants is a very important factor. pH H2O, TDS (Total Dissolve Solid) and EC (Electrical Conductivity) are some of the water parameters used as a reference in determining land suitability for paddy plants. The purpose of this research is to spatially analyse the water parameters (pH H2O, TDS and EC) for the water needs of paddy plants in Paser Regency. Determination of sample points using stratified random sampling method and parameter measurements are carried out directly in the field in the irrigation area. Interpolation analysis used the IDW (Inverse Distance Weighted) method with a power weight of 2. RMSE values from the interpolation results for pH H2O 0.0001, TDS 0.1695 and EC 0.0003. The results of the interpolation of several parameters are then analysed by overlay to determine the spatial relationship between parameters. The results of the analysis show that the average values in Paser Regency are pH H2O 6.13, TDS 478.64 ppm and EC 0.82 mS/cm. The area of pH H2O (6.5-8.4) suitable for paddy plants is 391447.87 ha, TDS (<2000 ppm) 1067265.23 ha and EC (<3 mS/cm) 1066907.37 ha. Most of the pH H2O suitable for paddy plants is in the northern region, while the TDS and EC are better in the northern region although most of them are still suitable for paddy plants. Each parameter has a spatial relationship, where the value of each parameter influences each other. Overall, the northern area in Paser Regency is more suitable for paddy cultivation according to water parameters, namely pH H2O, TDS and EC.
The Effect Of Land Cover Changes On Landslides In Grindulu Watershed, Pacitan Regency, East Java
Authors: Fauzi Raka Achmad , Harini Rika , Rijanta R.
Published: December 2023

This research was conducted in the Grindulu River Watershed, Pacitan Regency. The Grindulu River is included in the Bengawan Solo river area. The Grindulu River Watershed is located in three areas, namely Pacitan Regency, Ponorogo Regency and Community Dis tricts along the River Watershed use the grindulu river water for various activities, such as bathing, washing, and for agricultural irrigation purposes. This study aims to determine changes in land cover in the Grindulu river watershed and the distribution of landslides in the Gindulu river area. The data used in this study is information consisting of: data on landslide events in 2022 obtained from the Pacitan Regency regional disaster management agency; land cover data for the grindulu river watershed in 2018 and 2022 identified from Copernicus Sentinel-2; basic maps, such as road network maps, contour maps, river network maps and administrative maps obtained from the Indonesian Land map.Based from the spatial analysis, it was found that 67 points of landslide events that occurred during 2022 were spread throughout the river watershed. The landslide occurrence points have patterns or clusters located on the banks of the river and close to residential areas. Landslide points are found in different land covers based on spatial analysis of the distribution of landslide points with land cover maps. Most landslides occur in agroforestry land cover.
Yield Gap in Cayenne Pepper Production in South Kalimantan
Authors: Pramudyani Lelya , Utami Sri N.H. , Taryono  , Putra Eka T.S. , Hairani Anna
Published: December 2023

Swampy land is potential land for the development of cayenne pepper. However, there is a yield gap between swamp and dry land plants. The gap in the yield of cayenne pepper plants between dry and dry land is caused by the acidity of the soil in the swamp land which results in low cayenne pepper production
Physical characteristics of extrudate from mixed corn gritsoybean flour with treatments of moisture content and extruder barrel temperature
Authors: Sri Mahanani Riski , Nugroho Wahyu Karyadi Joko , Yuni Susanti Devi , Saraswati Samodra Ailsa , Ferry Surya Dwinata Vincentius , Kharisma Rahmawati Dian , Personanta Sinuhaji Prasetya Febriyansyech
Published: December 2023

Corn is a commonly used raw material for snack production. However, corn has a relatively low protein content, approximately 7%. Consequently, adding soybean flour is expected to enhance the protein content in snacks. This study investigates the impact of moisture content and barrel temperature treatments on the physical properties of the produced extrudates. Snacks were manufactured using a SYSLG-IV twinscrew extruder with a capacity of 10-15 kg/h and a die diameter of 6 mm. The raw material utilized in the experiment comprised a mixture of 20% soybean flour and 80% corn grit. The study involved two main treatments: barrel temperature (at 120°C, 130°C, and 140°C) and moisture content (at 14%, 16%, and 18%). Parameters assessing the physical properties of the extrudates included expansion ratio, hardness, moisture content, water absorption index, and water solubility index. The results demonstrated that increased moisture content led to increased extrudate moisture content (ranging from 1.80% to 4.71%) and hardness (ranging from 17.45 N to 40.16 N). Conversely, it caused a decrease in the expansion ratio (ranging from 2.11 to 2.03), water solubility index (ranging from 8.82% to 7.01%), and water absorption index (ranging from 5.70 to 4.92).
X-ray CT applications to reveal physical defects of onion during storage
Authors: Priyanti Devi , Ayuningsih Ira , Fatkhur Rahmah An-Nidaa’ , Rahayoe Sri , Nugraha Bayu
Published: December 2023

Inappropriate conditions of storage may result in physical defects that are sometimes visually undetectable. X-ray CT is a non-destructive instrument that has been widely implemented to identify sound and/or defect structures of many products, but only a little used for onion. In this study, the structure change of local onion during storage were imaged and characterized. To see the X-ray CT utilization, Onion harvested from a local farm was, for the first step, stored in an extreme condition potentially causing physiologically structure damage. X-ray CT scanning of intact onion was performed at low resolution to see the structure difference at the preand post-storage condition. Image processing was conducted to observe the change of the physical parameters. From the result, X-ray CT depicted spatially structural deformation of onion after a short-term storage period. Onion generally underwent shrinkage marked by the decrease in the cross-section area and the increase in air spaces between the fleshy leaves. This result was also in line with the decrease in weight and moisture content with respect to the storage conditions. This study concludes that X-ray CT has a high potential to reveal the physical defects of local onion affected by inappropriate storage conditions.
Development of Automatic Dual Sequence Control Temporary Immersion Bioreactor Systems for Micropropagation Coelogyne pandurata Lindl.
Authors: Rahayu Anisa Dewi , Al Umami Lathief , Arya Anggoro Cen Shiddharta , Abdusshamad Bimo Rizki , Sean Leonard , Budiman Kresna , Kurniawan Labriyantoko , Muflikhun Muhammad Akhsin , Mustika I. Wayan , Semiarti Endang
Published: December 2023

Coelogyne pandurata Lindl. is an endemic orchid species of Indonesia from East Kalimantan and Papua. It is locally known as the “black orchid” due to the distinctive black coloration on its labellum with intricate green and hairy lines. Unfortunately, the population of this orchid has significantly declined in its natural habitat, rendering it a rare endangered species. Temporary immersion bioreactor systems have been proven to be efficient for endemic plant micropropagation with performance enhancements and innovations. This study aims to develop an optimized bioreactor design and innovate the automatic control performance of temporary immersion bioreactor systems based on previous research. The control system developed consists of three modules, namely Graphical User Interface (GUI) module, Sequence Control (SC) module, and Hardware Interface (HI) module. The GUI module receives information regarding time and duration of immersion and gas exchange, then the information is synchronized by the SC module, which plays the role of starting and stopping the processes, while HI module executes the order of the automatic control system in the immersion and gas exchange process. The developed bioreactor design and control system offer convenience, require less labor, and ensure precise control over the optimum conditions for black orchid micropropagation.
Identification of Maturity Stage of Cacao using Visible Near Infrared (Vis-NIR) and Shortwave Near Infrared (SW-NIR) Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Listanti Riana , Evi Masithoh Rudiati , Dwi Saputro Arifin , Zuhrotul Amanah Hanim
Published: December 2023

Choosing the cacao maturity stage is essential for producing high-quality cacao beans. Identifying indicators of the maturity level of cacao is a complex task because these fruits do not exhibit the characteristics of other fruits during the ripening period. Generally, cacao maturity is determined manually based on the estimated daily harvest date using sensory observation, which is marked by changes in the color of the cacao skin. This is certainly inaccurate because visual assessment is only performed subjectively. This is inaccurate because visual assessment is only performed subjectively, which is not in line with the demands of Industrial Revolution 4.0, which is a fast and accurate technology for sorting cacao. In this study, cacao maturity was identified using visible (350-1000 nm) and shortwave near-infrared spectra (SW-NIR) spectroscopy (1000-1600 nm). Chemometric analysis using principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) was used to classify cacao maturity. The results showed that SW-NIR spectroscopy yielded better performances with calibration and prediction accuracy of 92,50% and 85% using Savitzky–s 1st derivative (SGD1) spectra compared to Vis-NIR spectroscopy had calibration and prediction accuracies of 90% and 86% using raw spectra for PCA-LDA model.