bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Efficacy of Large-Scale Connected Vehicle Data in Real-Time Traffic Applications
Authors: Kandiboina Raghupathi , Knickerbocker Skylar , Bhagat Sudesh , Hawkins Neal , Sharma Anuj
Published: August 2023

Transportation agencies strive to optimize their spending on data collection by exploring efficient techniques that provide reliable traffic data. In recent years, the automobile industry has experienced vast developments in wireless technology that enables agencies to collect valuable traffic data in large volumes from connected vehicles (CVs). Unlike traditional data collection techniques, the CV or probe data are economically feasible for wide-area coverage. Therefore, this study aims to explore the CV data provided by Wejo Connected Vehicle Data Solutions for their feasibility in real-time traffic applications. The large volumes of the CV data are compared against a ground reference sensor to assess their reliability. The performance metrics such as market penetration rates, speed bias, and latency are used to understand the efficacy of the data for their usage over infrastructure-mounted sensors in regular traffic operations. The analysis resulted in an average market penetration of 6.3% in the study area with a mean speed error of less than 1 mph. The data also expressed potential event detection capabilities with relatively lower latencies. Furthermore, latent class models are developed on the penetration rate and speed bias data sets to identify the unobserved groups within the data, resulting in five-class models for both data sets. The paper concludes by summarizing the potential benefits of the CV data concerning the assessed metrics and provides opportunities to replace or augment the data to existing infrastructure-mounted traffic sensors.
Resilience-Based Adaptation in Data Scarce Areas: Flood Risk Assessment Using Geodesign in the Tohono O’odham Nation
Authors: Davis Jonathan , Albert Joshua , Vavages Alex , Pijawka David , Wentz Elizabeth , Hale Michelle
Published: August 2023

Geospatial data, analytics, and visualizations are critical decision-making resources for building community resilience. However, many communities are unable to collect and use this data. This study evaluates how a Geodesign planning approach using qualitative, statistical, and spatial analysis empowered a data-scarce American Indian community to create a flood-resilient community-based land-use plan. Geodesign is a stakeholder-engaged planning approach integrating geospatial analysis, information technology, visualization, and design strategies for complex problem-solving. Results show that Geodesign enables data-scarce communities to combine local knowledge and scientific modeling, merge the strengths of each knowledge source, and support resilience and community-based land-use planning.
VEGF-modified PLA/HA nanocomposite fibrous membrane for cranial defect repair in rats
Authors: Wang Yanghao , Li Haohan , Zhao Cuicui , Zi Qihan , He Fei , Wang Weizhou
Published: August 2023

A major obstacle to bone tissue repair is the difficulty in establishing a rapid blood supply areas of bone defects. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-infused tissue-engineered scaffolds offer a possible therapeutic option for these types of injuries. Their role is to accelerate angiogenesis and improve bone healing. In this study, we used electrostatic spinning and biofactor binding to construct polylactic acid (PLA)/hydroxyapatite (HA)-VEGF scaffold materials and clarify their pro-vascular role in bone defect areas for efficient bone defect repair. PLA/HA nanocomposite fibrous membranes were manufactured by selecting suitable electrostatic spinning parameters. Heparin and VEGF were bound sequentially, and then the VEGF binding and release curves of the fiber membranes were calculated. A rat cranial defect model was constructed, and PLA/HA fiber membranes bound with VEGF and unbound with VEGF were placed for treatment. Finally, we compared bone volume recovery and vascular recovery in different fibrous membrane sites. A VEGF concentration of 2.5 µg/mL achieved the maximum binding and uniform distribution of PLA/HA fibrous membranes. Extended-release experiments showed that VEGF release essentially peaked at 14 days. In vivo studies showed that PLA/HA fibrous membranes bound with VEGF significantly increased the number of vessels at the site of cranial defects, bone mineral density, bone mineral content, bone bulk density, trabecular separation, trabecular thickness, and the number of trabeculae at the site of defects in rats compared with PLA/HA fibrous membranes not bound with VEGF. VEGF-bound PLA/HA fibrous membranes demonstrate the slow release of VEGF. The VEGF binding process does not disrupt the morphology and structure of the fibrous membranes. The fibrous membranes could stimulate both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Taken together, this research provides a new strategy for critical-sized bone defects repairing.
Refining Multilevel Barrier and Facilitator Measures for HIV Testing and PrEP Among Latino Sexual Minority Men
Authors: Lozano Alyssa , Weinstein Elliott R. , Fernandez Alejandra , Bainter Sierra , Atuluru Pranusha , Hurtado Abigail , Morales Vanessa , Prado Guillermo , Safren Steve A. , Harkness Audrey
Published: August 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to refine and establish measures of multilevel barriers and facilitators to HIV testing and PrEP for Latino sexual minority men (LSMM).

Design

Cross-sectional measure validation.

Setting

Participants from Miami, FL.

Subjects

290 LSMM from the DÍMELO study.

Measures

Based on prior qualitative work, we developed two measures that evaluated multiple determinants (i.e., barriers and facilitators) to (1) HIV testing and (2) PrEP use.

Analysis

All measures included in this analysis assessed a set of theoretically distinct barriers and facilitators. We performed 11 exploratory factor analyses (EFA) to assess the dimensionality of theoretical groupings of items informed by prior qualitative work, including: knowledge, perceived need and benefit, mistrust and concerns, stigma and normalization, cultural competence, navigation support, provider demeanor, clinic and medical system issues, privacy concerns, cost, and language and immigration barriers. Based on EFA results, we conducted two confirmatory factor analyses (CFA), one for each measure.

Results

Within each measure, the 11 EFAs extracted 10 barrier factors and 7 facilitator factors. The CFAs for HIV testing and PrEP measures were consistent, such that all models retained the structures identified in the EFAs.

Conclusion

Findings support the use of these measures with LSMM. These measures can inform multilevel implementation strategies for health promotion professionals to scale up and disseminate HIV prevention services to LSMM.
The risk of new heart failure associated with protease inhibitor: Systematic scoping review
Authors: Gozun Maan , Nishimura Yoshito , Techasatian Witina , Pham Andrew , Benavente Kevin , Kewcharoen Jakrin
Published: August 2023

Background

Protease inhibitors (PIs) have contributed to the long-term survival of persons with human immunodeficiency virus (PHIV). While there is a concern linking protease inhibitors to an increased risk of heart failure (HF), the evidence linking protease inhibitors and heart failure has been uncertain.

Methods

Following the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews, we searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for peer-reviewed articles using keywords including “protease inhibitor,” “heart failure,” and “human immunodeficiency virus” from their inception to December 21, 2022.

Results

Five articles, including three observational studies and two randomized controlled trials, were included in the review. While protease inhibitors seem to be associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease through their effects on metabolic markers, there is scarce evidence suggesting a direct association between protease inhibitors and heart failure. Although one study showed a possible correlation between protease inhibitor use and lower left ventricular ejection fraction and increased heart failure admission, the results were subject to confounders, and participants had poor medication adherence.

Conclusion

Although current data are conflicting, there could be an association between PIs and HF in PHIV. Future prospective studies are warranted to evaluate the incidence of heart failure stratified on the generation of PIs and with adjustment for other metabolic risk factors.
Intracranial inflammatory polyp with cerebellopontine compression and leptomeningitis secondary to chronic otitis in a red kangaroo
Authors: Riker Jesse , Njaa Bradley L. , Rissi Daniel R.
Published: August 2023

CNS lesions associated with chronic otitis have not been reported in red kangaroos ( Macropus rufus), to our knowledge. Here we describe an intracranial inflammatory polyp secondary to chronic otitis in a 6-y-old female red kangaroo with right auricular discharge, loss of balance, and head tilt. Autopsy highlighted a pale-yellow, firm, intracranial polypoid growth that extended from the right tympanic cavity through the internal acoustic meatus and intracranially, with compression of the right cerebellopontine angle. Anaerobic bacterial culture yielded Bacteroides pyogenes from fresh brain and a right external ear swab. Histologically, the tympanic cavity was effaced by neutrophils and macrophages surrounded by lymphocytes and plasma cells, as well as edematous fibrovascular tissue. The epithelial lining of the mucoperiosteum was hyperplastic, with epithelial pseudoglands surrounded by fibrovascular tissue. Areas of temporal bone lysis and remodeling were associated with the inflammatory changes, which occasionally surrounded adjacent nerves. Fibrovascular tissue and inflammatory cells extended from the tympanic cavity through the internal acoustic meatus and into the intracranial cavity, forming the polypoid growth observed grossly; the polyp consisted of a dense core of fibrovascular tissue with scattered clusters of neutrophils and foamy macrophages. Lymphocytes and plasma cells surrounded the leptomeningeal perivascular spaces in the brainstem, cerebellum, and occipital lobe.
Posting photos that reflect positive aspects of everyday life on Instagram increases appreciation, life satisfaction, and happiness
Authors: Smoktunowicz Ewelina , Białobrzeska Olga , Jakubik Zuzanna
Published: August 2023

We conducted two studies to verify whether using Instagram to post photos that reflect positive aspects of one’s life increased appreciation and subsequently improved well-being. In the correlational Study 1, participants ( N = 291) were regular users of Instagram, and in the randomized controlled trial Study 2 ( N = 283), they were newcomers. We found that regular users are motivated to use Instagram to capture life’s positive moments, and their higher frequency of posting was associated with increased appreciation and, in turn, greater life satisfaction and happiness (Study 1). New users, regardless of whether they were instructed to post positive photos (experimental conditions) or not (control conditions), posted exactly this kind of content. The more positive the photos were, the higher participants’ appreciation, life satisfaction, and happiness (Study 2). Posting appreciative content on social media might have a beneficial impact on users’ well-being and become a foundation for future interventions.
Percutaneous Application of High Power Microwave Ablation With 150 W for the Treatment of Tumors in Lung, Liver, and Kidney: A Preliminary Experience
Authors: Lanza Carolina , Carriero Serena , Ascenti Velio , Tintori Jacopo , Ricapito Francesco , Lavorato Roberto , Biondetti Pierpaolo , Angileri Salvatore Alessio , Piacentino Filippo , Fontana Federico , Venturini Massimo , Ierardi Anna Maria , Carrafiello Gianpaolo
Published: August 2023

Objective

The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and short-term effectiveness of a high-power (150 W) microwave ablation (MWA) device for tumor ablation in the lung, liver, and kidney.

Methods

Between December 2021 and June 2022, patients underwent high-power MWA for liver, lung, and kidney tumors. A retrospective observational study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The MWA system utilized a 150-W, 2.45-GHz microwave generator (Emprint™ HP Ablation System, Medtronic). The study assessed technical success, safety, and effectiveness, considering pre- and post-treatment diameter and volume, lesion location, biopsy and/or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) usage, MWA ablation time, MWA power, and dose-area product (DAP).

Results

From December 2021 to June 2022, 16 patients were enrolled for high-power MWA. Treated lesions included hepatocellular carcinoma (10), liver metastasis from colon cancer (1), liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer (1), squamous cell lung carcinoma (2), renal cell carcinoma (1), and renal oncocytoma (1). Technical success rate was 100%. One grade 1 complication (6.25%) was reported according to CIRSE classification. Overall effectiveness was 92.8%. Pre- and post-treatment mean diameters for liver lesions were 19.9 mm and 37.5 mm, respectively; for kidney lesions, 34 mm and 35 mm; for lung lesions, 29.5 mm and 31.5 mm. Pre- and post-treatment mean volumes for liver lesions were 3.4 ml and 24 ml, respectively; for kidney lesions, 8.2 ml and 20.5 ml; for lung lesions, 10.2 ml and 32.7 ml. The mean ablation time was 48 minutes for liver, 42.5 minutes for lung, and 42.5 minutes for renal ablation. The mean DAP for all procedures was 40.83 Gcm2.

Conclusion

This preliminary study demonstrates the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of the new 150 W MWA device. Additionally, it shows reduced ablation times for large lesions.
The association between severe maternal morbidity and mortality and race/ethnicity with community type in Maryland
Authors: Cudjoe Lorene NEA , Canner Joseph K , Lawson Shari M , Vaught Arthur Jason
Published: August 2023

Background:

Severe maternal morbidity and mortality are increasing in the United States with continued healthcare disparities among Non-Hispanic Black women. However, there is sparse data on the disparities of severe maternal morbidity and mortality by race/ethnicity as it relates to community type.

Objective:

To determine whether residing in rural communities increases the racial/ethnic disparities in severe maternal morbidity and mortality.

Design:

This study is a cross-sectional analysis of women admitted for delivery from 2015 to 2020. A total of 204,140 adults who self-identified as women, were admitted for delivery, who resided in Maryland, and were between the ages 15 and 54 were included in our analysis. Community type was defined as either rural or urban.

Methods:

A multivariable logistic regression, which included an interaction term between race/ethnicity and community type, was used to assess the effect of community type on the relationship between race/ethnicity and severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Data were obtained from the Maryland Health Service Cost Review Commission database. The primary outcome was a composite, binary variable of severe maternal morbidity and mortality. Exposures of interest were residence in either rural or urban counties in Maryland and race/ethnicity.

Results:

Our study found that after adjusting for confounders, odds of severe maternal morbidity and mortality were 65% higher in Non-Hispanic Black women (odds ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval: 1.46–1.88, p < 0.001) and 54% higher in Non-Hispanic Asian women (odds ratio 1.54, 95% confidence interval: 1.24–1.90, p < 0.001) compared to Non-Hispanic White women. The interaction term used to determine whether community type modified the relationship between race/ethnicity and severe maternal morbidity and mortality was not statistically significant for any race/ethnicity (Non-Hispanic Black women, p = 0.60; Non-Hispanic Asian women, p = 0.91; Hispanic women, p = 0.15; Other/Unknown race/ethnicity, p = 0.54).

Conclusion:

Although our study confirmed the known disparities in maternal outcomes by race/ethnicity, we found that residing in rural communities did not increase racial/ethnic disparities.
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence and longitudinal antibody response following natural infection in pregnancy: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Drake Alison L , Escudero Jaclyn N , Aurelio Morgan C , Wetzler Erica A , Ellington Sascha R , Zapata Lauren B , Galang Romeo R , Snead Margaret C , Yamamoto Krissy , Salerno Carol C , Richardson Barbra A , Greninger Alexander L , Kachikis Alisa B , Englund Janet A , LaCourse Sylvia M
Published: August 2023

Background:

Antenatal care provides unique opportunities to assess severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence and antibody response duration after natural infection detected during pregnancy; transplacental antibody transfer may inform peripartum and neonatal protection. We estimated seroprevalence and durability of antibodies from natural infection (anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G) among pregnant people, and evaluated transplacental transfer efficiency.

Objective and design:

We conducted a cross-sectional study to measure severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 seroprevalence, and a prospective cohort study to longitudinally measure anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G responses and transplacental transfer of maternally derived anti-nucleocapsid antibodies.

Methods:

We screened pregnant people for the seroprevalence study between 9 December 2020 and 19 June 2021 for anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G in Seattle, Washington. We enrolled anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G positive people from the seroprevalence study or identified through medical records with positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction or antigen positive results in a prospective cohort between 9 December 2020 and 9 August 2022.

Results:

In the cross-sectional study (N = 1284), 5% (N = 65) tested severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G positive, including 39 (60%) without prior positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction results and 42 (65%) without symptoms. In the prospective cohort study (N = 107 total; N = 65 from the seroprevalence study), 86 (N = 80%) had anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G positive results during pregnancy. Among 63 participants with delivery samples and prior anti-nucleocapsid positive results, 29 (46%) were anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G negative by delivery. Of 34 remaining anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G positive at delivery with paired cord blood, 19 (56%) had efficient transplacental anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G antibody transfer. Median time from first anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin G positive to below positive antibody threshold was 19 weeks and did not differ by prior positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction status.

Conclusions:

Maternally derived severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibodies to natural infection may wane before delivery. Vaccines are recommended for pregnant persons to reduce severe illness and confer protection to infants.
The Crooked Platform
Authors: Fitzpatrick Claire
Published: August 2023

In this article, I critically examine the New Zealand Human Rights Commission’s interactive website the Voice of Racism, to highlight the limitations and radical potentialities of vernacular affordances for anti-racism campaigns. I draw on Melissa Harris-Perry’s concept of the Crooked Room, to assert that online encounters across difference operate within a “crooked platform,” which can problematize the recognition of marginalized bodies. I use a multimodal analytic technique called Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis to analyze the anti-racism campaign and explore the complex and interdependent relationship between user experiences and architectural structures of inequality. I show how vernacular affordances of platforms and audio-visual cues influence users’ perceptions of self and “other” in relationship to their environmental reality. I encourage anti-racist activists to attune themselves to the often imperceptible tilt of digital platforms by listening and engaging in reflexive practices of digital recognition. Throughout this article, I maintain that our perceived alignment with digital platforms is an optical illusion, inequality remains an invisible structural feature of the online environments that we inhabit. The room is still crooked, we simply can no longer see the walls.
Pay to be green? The effect of corporate social responsibility contracting on green innovation performance
Authors: Hou Yuting , Bello-Pintado Alejandro , García-Marco Teresa
Published: August 2023

This study examines how the integration of corporate social responsibility (CSR) criteria in executive compensation can improve green innovation performance in European countries. Using agency theory and stakeholder theory, and a database of 5,603 firm-year observations from European companies in the period 2012–2021, we find that CSR aligns the interests of senior executives with the company’s green innovation goals through green compensation contracts. We also explore the indirect effect in this relationship and reveal that the implementation of green practices mediates the impact of CSR contracting on green innovation performance. These findings indicate that CSR contracting as an effective governance mechanism could be strengthened by green practices, such as reducing resource use, water efficiency, energy reuse, emission reduction and pollution prevention. This study offers valuable insights for senior executives and policymakers who wish to manage CSR initiatives and green practices to improve their green innovation performance.

JEL CLASSIFICATION: Q56 M12
Barriers to and facilitators of the use of oxygen therapy in people living with an interstitial lung disease: a systematic review of qualitative evidence
Authors: Tikellis Gabriella , Hoffman Mariana , Mellerick Christie , Burge Angela T. , Holland Anne E.
Published: August 2023

Background:

Oxygen therapy is prescribed to treat hypoxaemia in people with interstitial lung disease (ILD); however, uptake and adherence remain an ongoing challenge. This systematic review aimed to identify the barriers to and facilitators of use of oxygen therapy in people with ILD, caregivers and health professionals.

Methods:

A systematic search for qualitative literature was undertaken using five electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed). Qualitative analysis identified themes that were mapped to the Theoretical Domains Framework and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research and classified as barriers, facilitators or both.

Results:

A total of 13 studies were eligible for inclusion. Commonly represented domains were associated with the design of the oxygen delivery system, the associated cost, financing, stigmatisation, the physical environment and the individual needs that acted as barriers to and facilitators of the optimisation of oxygen therapy.

Conclusion:

Effective implementation of oxygen therapy in ILD requires more robust evidence to strengthen international guidelines, sustainable and equitable funding models, and improved oxygen delivery systems that meet the needs of users. Increased information and support for users will be critical to optimise the uptake and outcomes of this important therapy.
Intramedullary nailing versus cemented plate for treating metastatic pathological fracture of the proximal humerus: a comparison study and literature review
Authors: Wu Karl , Lin Ting , Lee Cheng-Han
Published: August 2023

Background

Pathological fracture of the humerus causes severe pain, limited use of the hand, and decreased quality of life. This study aimed to compare the outcomes of intramedullary nailing and locking plate in treating metastatic pathological fractures of the proximal humerus.

Methods

This retrospective comparison study included 45 patients (22 male, 23 female) with proximal humerus metastatic pathological fractures who underwent surgical treatment between 2011 and 2022. All data were collected from medical records and were analyzed retrospectively. Seventeen cases underwent intramedullary nailing plus cement augmentation, and 28 cases underwent locking plate plus cement augmentation. The main outcomes were pain relief, function scores, and complications.

Results

Among 45 patients with mean age 61.7 ± 9.7 years, 23 (51.1%) had multiple bone metastases, and 28 (62.2%) were diagnosed with impending fractures. The nailing group had significantly lower blood loss [100 (60–200) versus 500 (350–600) ml, p < 0.001] and shorter hospital stay (8.4 ± 2.6 versus 12.3 ± 4.3 days, p < 0.001) than the plating group. Average follow-up time of the nailing group was 12 months and 16.5 months for the plating group. The nailing group had higher visual analog scale (VAS) scores than the plating group, indicating greater pain relief with nailing [7 (6–8) versus 6 (5–7), p = 0.01]. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional scores [28 (27–29) versus 27 (26.5–28.5), p = 0.23] were comparable between groups. No complications, local recurrence, or revision surgery were reported until the last follow-up in either group. However, one case in the plating group had a humeral head collapse and fragmentation without needing revision surgery.

Conclusions

Intramedullary nailing with cement augmentation is a viable option for treating proximal humerus metastatic pathological fracture, providing rigid fixation and better pain relief resulting in earlier mobility to optimize functional outcomes. Less invasive procedure with less blood loss and shorter hospital stay also benefits patients.

Level of evidence Level II.

Trial registration statement Not applicable.
Retrieval of ferromagnetic fragments from the lung using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and magnetic tool: a case report of combat patient injured in the war in Ukraine
Authors: Lurin Igor , Khoroshun Eduard , Negoduiko Volodymyr , Makarov Volodymyr , Shypilov Serhii , Boroday Volodymyr , Gorobeiko Maksym , Dinets Andrii
Published: August 2023

Background

Gunshot wounds injury to the thorax is common in armed conflicts or war, including the war of Russia against Ukraine. Injury to the chest is associated with a high mortality or physical disability due to damage to the lungs, heart, and major vessels.

The aim of this report is to demonstrate a case of successful management of severe gunshot injury to the lungs using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and magnetic tool for a combat patient injured in the war in Ukraine.

Case presentation

A 51-year-old soldier of the Armed Forces of Ukraine received a gunshot injury due to shelling from artillery strikes in the Donbas battlefield area. After evacuation to Level II, a forward surgical team performed primary surgical debridement. Two hours after the injury, the patient was evacuated to the Level IV of medical care (Kharkiv). At Level IV, a CT scan showed penetrating gunshot wounds to the left part of the chest with injury to the upper lobe of the left lung with the presence of the 2 metal fragments of the artillery projectile with the size of 2.5 × 2.0 cm and 1.0 × 1.0 cm. These two fragments were removed by using video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) using the inlet gunshot hole in the left lateral chest area, as well as the assistance of a magnetic tool.

Conclusions

VATS and magnetic technologies should be considered for hemodynamically stable combat patients with a gunshot injury to the lungs in the ongoing war. Each combat patient could be treated by individualized approach such as using the wound canal as a scope port after primary surgical debridement of the wound and antibiotic prophylaxis.
A novel hybrid model to predict concomitant diseases for Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
Authors: Ataş Pınar Karadayı
Published: August 2023

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of thyroid cells through immune-mediated mechanisms involving cells and antibodies. The condition can trigger disturbances in metabolism, leading to the development of other autoimmune diseases, known as concomitant diseases. Multiple concomitant diseases may coexist in a single individual, making it challenging to diagnose and manage them effectively. This study aims to propose a novel hybrid algorithm that classifies concomitant diseases associated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis based on sequences. The approach involves building distinct prediction models for each class and using the output of one model as input for the subsequent one, resulting in a dynamic decision-making process. Genes associated with concomitant diseases were collected alongside those related to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, and their sequences were obtained from the NCBI site in fasta format. The hybrid algorithm was evaluated against common machine learning algorithms and their various combinations. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed hybrid model outperforms existing classification methods in terms of performance metrics. The significance of this study lies in its two distinctive aspects. Firstly, it presents a new benchmarking dataset that has not been previously developed in this field, using diverse methods. Secondly, it proposes a more effective and efficient solution that accounts for the dynamic nature of the dataset. The hybrid approach holds promise in investigating the genetic heterogeneity of complex diseases such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and identifying new autoimmune disease genes. Additionally, the results of this study may aid in the development of genetic screening tools and laboratory experiments targeting Hashimoto’s thyroiditis genetic risk factors. New software, models, and techniques for computing, including systems biology, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, are used in our study.
Integrating genomics and transcriptomics to identify candidate genes for high egg production in Wulong geese (Anser cygnoides orientalis)
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Xiao Yu , Ren Pengwei , Zhang Shuer , Liu Yang , Zhu Mingxia
Published: August 2023

Background

Wulong geese (Anser cygnoides orientalis) are known for their excellent egg-laying performance. However, they show considerable population differences in egg-laying behavior. This study combined genome-wide selection signal analysis with transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) to identify the genes related to high egg production in Wulong geese.

Results

A total of 132 selected genomic regions were screened using genome-wide selection signal analysis, and 130 genes related to high egg production were annotated in these regions. These selected genes were enriched in pathways related to egg production, including oocyte meiosis, the estrogen signaling pathway, the oxytocin signaling pathway, and progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation. Furthermore, a total of 890 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 340 up-regulated and 550 down-regulated genes, were identified by RNA-seq. Two genes — GCG and FAP — were common to the list of selected genes and DEGs. A non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism was identified in an exon of FAP.

Conclusions

Based on genome-wide selection signal analysis and transcriptome data, GCG and FAP were identified as candidate genes associated with high egg production in Wulong geese. These findings could promote the breeding of Wulong geese with high egg production abilities and provide a theoretical basis for exploring the mechanisms of reproductive regulation in poultry.
Enhancing Vicia faba’s immunity against Rhizoctonia solani root rot diseases by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and nano chitosan
Authors: El-Gazzar Nashwa , El-Hai Kamar. M. Abd , Teama Safaa. A. M. , Rabie Gamal. H.
Published: August 2023

Background

The spreading of root rot disease of faba bean plant (Vichia faba L, VF) in Egypt is still of great challenge faced researchers since VF is an important legume in Egypt, because their seeds are used for human feeding. Fungicides are used for treatment of either seeds or soil; unfortunately they cause environmental pollution. Therefore, there is a need to continue research to find out safe natural solutions. In this regard, Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and chitosan (micro or nanoform) were used as an inhibitory product against Rhizoctonia solani OM918223 (R.solani) either singly or in combinations.

Results

The results employed herein have exhibited that R.solani caused root rot disease of VF plants in more than 80% of the plants under investigation. Chitosan nanoparticles (Chitosan NPs) were prepared by ionic gelatin method and characterized by using dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging and Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR). Chitosan NPs are spherical with a diameter of 78.5 nm and exhibited the presence of different functional groups. The inhibitory natural products against R.solani were arranged according to their ability to inhibit the pathogen used in the following descending manner; combination of AMF with Chitosan NPs, AMF with micro chitosan and single AMF, respectively. Where, Chitosan NPs showed a potent influence on R.solani pathogen and reduced the pre-and post-emergence of R. solani. In addition, Chitosan NPs reduced Disease Incidence (DI %) and Disease Severity (DS %) of root rot disease and are widely functional through mixing with AMF by about 88% and 89%. Further, Chitosan NPs and micro chitosan were proved to increase the growth parameters of VF plants such as nutritional status (mineral, soluble sugar, and pigment content), and defense mechanisms including total phenol, peroxidase, and polyphenol oxidase in mycorrhizal plants more than non-mycorrhizal one either in infected or healthy plants. Moreover, activity of AMF as an inhibitory against R.solani and improvement natural agent for VF growth parameters was enhanced through its fusing with Chitosan NPs.

Conclusions

The use of AMF and Chitosan NPs increased faba bean plant resistance against the infection of root rot R. solani, with both prevention and cure together. Therefore, this research opens the door to choose natural and environmental friendly treatments with different mechanisms of plant resistance to disease.
Development and external validation of a diagnostic model for cardiometabolic-based chronic disease : results from the China health and retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)
Authors: Li Yong
Published: August 2023

Background

Cardiovascular disease(CVD) is the leading cause of death in the world. Cardiometabolic-based chronic disease (CMBCD) model is presented that provides a basis for sustainable and early, evidence-based therapeutic targeting to mitigate the ravagest and development of CVD. CMBCD include dysglycemia, hypertension, and/or dyslipidemia progressing to downstream CVD events.

Objectives

The objective of our research was to develop and externally validate a diagnostic model of CMBCD.

Methods

Design: Multivariable logistic regression of a cohort for 9,463 participants aged at least 45 years were drawn from the 2018 wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Setting: The 2018 wave of the CHARLS. Participants:Diagnostic model development: Totally 6,218 participants whose individual ID < 250,000,000,000. External validation: Totally 3,245 participants whose individual ID > 250,000,000,000. Outcomes: CMBCD .

Results

CMBCD occurred in 25.5%(1,584/6,218)of individuals in the development data set and 26.2%(850 /3,245)of individuals in the validation data set. The strongest predictors of CMBCD were age, general health status, location of residential address, smoking, housework ability, pain, and exercise tolerance. We developed a diagnostic model of CMBCD. Discrimination was the ability of the diagnostic model to differentiate between people who with and without CMBCD. This measure was quantified by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve(AUC).The AUC was 0.6199 ± 0.0083, 95% confidence interval(CI) = 0.60372 ~ 0.63612. We constructed a nomograms using the development database based on age, general health status, location of residential address, smoking, housework ability, pain, and exercise tolerance. The AUC was 0.6033 ± 0.0116, 95% CI = 0.58066 ~ 0.62603 in the validation data set.

Conclusions

We developed and externally validated a diagnostic model of CMBCD. Discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analysis were satisfactory.
Clinical characteristics of Dieulafoy’s lesion in the small bowel diagnosed and treated by double-balloon endoscopy
Authors: Nakamura Masanao , Yamamura Takeshi , Maeda Keiko , Sawada Tsunaki , Ishikawa Eri , Furukawa Kazuhiro , Iida Tadashi , Mizutani Yasuyuki , Yamao Kentaro , Ishikawa Takuya , Honda Takashi , Ishigami Masatoshi , Kawashima Hiroki
Published: August 2023

Background

Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding refers to bleeding for which the source cannot be ascertained even through balloon-assisted endoscopy. In certain instances, Dieulafoy’s lesion in the small bowel is presumed to be the underlying cause.

Aim

This retrospective study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics of Dieulafoy’s lesion in the small bowel as diagnosed via double-balloon endoscopy while also exploring the feasibility of predicting bleeding from Dieulafoy’s lesion prior to endoscopy in cases of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding.

Methods

A comprehensive analysis of our database was conducted, identifying 38 patients who received a diagnosis of Dieulafoy’s lesion and subsequently underwent treatment via double-balloon endoscopy. The clinical background, diagnosis, and treatment details of patients with Dieulafoy’s lesion were carefully examined.

Results

The median age of the 38 patients was 72 years, and 50% of the patients were male. A total of 26 (68%) patients exhibited a high comorbidity index. The upper jejunum and lower ileum were the most frequently reported locations for the occurrence of Dieulafoy’s lesion in the small bowel. The detected Dieulafoy’s lesions exhibited active bleeding (n = 33) and an exposed vessel with plaque on the surface (n = 5). Rebleeding after endoscopic treatment occurred in 8 patients (21%, median period: 7 days, range: 1-366 days). We conducted an analysis to determine the definitive nature of the initial double-balloon endoscopy diagnosis. Multivariate analysis revealed that hematochezia of ≥ 2 episodes constituted the independent factor associated with ≥ 2 double-balloon endoscopy diagnoses. Additionally, we explored factors associated with rebleeding following endoscopic treatment. Although the number of hemoclips utilized displayed a likely association, multivariate analysis did not identify any independent factor associated with rebleeding.

Conclusion

If a patient encounters multiple instances of hematochezia, promptly scheduling balloon-assisted endoscopy, equipped with optional instruments without delay is advised, after standard endoscopic evaluation with esophagogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy is unrevealing.
Machine learning pipeline for blood culture outcome prediction using Sysmex XN-2000 blood sample results in Western Australia
Authors: McFadden Benjamin R. , Inglis Timothy J. J. , Reynolds Mark
Published: August 2023

Background

Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are a significant burden on the global population and represent a key area of focus in the hospital environment. Blood culture (BC) testing is the standard diagnostic test utilised to confirm the presence of a BSI. However, current BC testing practices result in low positive yields and overuse of the diagnostic test. Diagnostic stewardship research regarding BC testing is increasing, and becoming more important to reduce unnecessary resource expenditure and antimicrobial use, especially as antimicrobial resistance continues to rise. This study aims to establish a machine learning (ML) pipeline for BC outcome prediction using data obtained from routinely analysed blood samples, including complete blood count (CBC), white blood cell differential (DIFF), and cell population data (CPD) produced by Sysmex XN-2000 analysers.

Methods

ML models were trained using retrospective data produced between 2018 and 2019, from patients at Sir Charles Gairdner hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, and processed at Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands. Trained ML models were evaluated using stratified 10-fold cross validation.

Results

Two ML models, an XGBoost model using CBC/DIFF/CPD features with boruta feature selection (BFS) , and a random forest model trained using CBC/DIFF features with BFS were selected for further validation after obtaining AUC scores of $$0.76 \pm 0.04$$

0.76
±
0.04

and $$0.75 \pm 0.04$$

0.75
±
0.04

respectively using stratified 10-fold cross validation. The XGBoost model obtained an AUC score of 0.76 on a internal validation set. The random forest model obtained AUC scores of 0.82 and 0.76 on internal and external validation datasets respectively.

Conclusions

We have demonstrated the utility of using an ML pipeline combined with CBC/DIFF, and CBC/DIFF/CPD feature spaces for BC outcome prediction. This builds on the growing body of research in the area of BC outcome prediction, and provides opportunity for further research.
Evaluation of convolutional neural networks for the detection of inter-breath-hold motion from a stack of cardiac short axis slice images
Authors: Kim Yoon-Chul , Kim Min Woo
Published: August 2023

Purpose

This study aimed to develop and validate a deep learning-based method that detects inter-breath-hold motion from an estimated cardiac long axis image reconstructed from a stack of short axis cardiac cine images.

Methods

Cardiac cine magnetic resonance image data from all short axis slices and 2-/3-/4-chamber long axis slices were considered for the study. Data from 740 subjects were used for model development, and data from 491 subjects were used for testing. The method utilized the slice orientation information to calculate the intersection line of a short axis plane and a long axis plane. An estimated long axis image is shown along with a long axis image as a motion-free reference image, which enables visual assessment of the inter-breath-hold motion from the estimated long axis image. The estimated long axis image was labeled as either a motion-corrupted or a motion-free image. Deep convolutional neural network (CNN) models were developed and validated using the labeled data.

Results

The method was fully automatic in obtaining long axis images reformatted from a 3D stack of short axis slices and predicting the presence/absence of inter-breath-hold motion. The deep CNN model with EfficientNet-B0 as a feature extractor was effective at motion detection with an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curve of 0.87 for the testing data.

Conclusion

The proposed method can automatically assess inter-breath-hold motion in a stack of cardiac cine short axis slices. The method can help prospectively reacquire problematic short axis slices or retrospectively correct motion.
Prevalence of subclinical lung cancer detected at autopsy: a systematic review
Authors: Bonney Asha , Togawa Kayo , Ng Michelle , Christie Michael , Fong Kwun M , Marshall Henry , See Katharine , Patrick Cameron , Steinfort Daniel , Manser Renee
Published: August 2023

Background

Lung cancer screening in high-risk populations with low-dose computed tomography is supported by international associations and recommendations. Overdiagnosis is considered a risk of screening with associated harms. The aim of this paper is to determine the prevalence of subclinical lung cancer diagnosed post-mortem to better understand the reservoir of subclinical lung cancer.

Methods

We searched EMBASE, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases from inception until March 2022 with no language restrictions. We considered all studies with ≥100 autopsies in adults. Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility of studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias of included studies. We performed a meta-analysis using a random-effects model for prevalence of subclinical lung cancer diagnosed post-mortem with sensitivity and subgroup analyses.

Results

A total of 13 studies with 16 730 autopsies were included. Pooled prevalence was 0.4% (95% CI 0.20 to 0.82%, I2 = 84%, tau2 = 1.19, low certainty evidence,16 730 autopsies). We performed a sensitivity analysis excluding studies which did not specify exclusion of children in their cohort, with a pooled prevalence of subclinical lung cancer of 0.87% (95% CI 0.48 to 1.57%, I2 = 71%, tau2 = 0.38, 6998 autopsies, 8 studies).

Conclusions

This is the first published systematic review to evaluate the prevalence of post-mortem subclinical lung cancer. Compared to autopsy systematic reviews in breast, prostate and thyroid cancers, the pooled prevalence is lower in lung cancer for subclinical cancer. This result should be interpreted with caution due to the included studies risk of bias and heterogeneity, with further high-quality studies required in target screening populations.
Hepatic adenoma in a 7-year-old girl: a case report and literature review
Authors: Gao Yan , Zhou Jun , Xie Yu-cheng , Qiu Li-juan , Duan Ling , A Zhi-xiang , Wu Hong-fang , Lv Meng-xing
Published: August 2023

Background

Hepatocellular adenomas (HCAs) are rare benign tumors of the liver that occur predominantly in women taking oral contraceptives. In children, HCAs comprise < 5% of hepatic tumors. We report a case of HCAs in a 7-year-old girl with estrogen and glucose imbalance.

Case presentation

A 7-year-old girl was presented to our hospital with bilateral breast enlargement for 2 months, polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, hyperglycemia, and significant weight gain. Computed tomography (CT) showed a 7.2 cm×6.9 cm×5.3 cm round-shaped mass in the left inner lobe of the liver, ovarian ultrasound showed multiple follicles in the ovaries bilaterally, and cranial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed an enlarged superior pituitary. Hematological and biochemical results were as follows: fasting glucose was 19.7 mmol/L, estradiol was 122.9 pmol/L, follicle-stimulating hormone 10.81 IU/L, luteinizing hormone 10.99 IU/L, insulin-like growth factor 1,513 ng/mL, glutamine aminotransferase 86 U/L, and alkaline phosphatase 362 U/L. Thyroid functions, methemoglobin, fetal protein, carcinoembryonic antigen, and chorionic gonadotropin were normal. The patient had a complete surgical resection of the liver tumor, and the postoperative histopathological diagnosis was HCAs. After the surgery, insulin was injected and the glucose levels were stable. During the 36-month follow-up period, neither tumor recurrence nor significant abnormalities were detected using color Doppler ultrasound of the liver. The child’s precocious puberty is currently under control.

Conclusions

HCAs are particularly rare in children with liver tumors, and risk factors for the development of HCAs in children include sex hormone imbalance, obesity, Fanconi anemia (FA), glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) type I, III, and IV, galactosemia, immunodeficiency, congenital portosystemic shunts (CPSS), cardiac hepatopathy status-post Fontan procedure, Hurler syndrome, familial adenomatous polyposis, germline HNF1A mutations, and maturity-onset diabetes of the young type 3. Most HCAs are detected during a physical examination without clinical symptoms, and some patients may present with symptoms such as abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and abdominal masse. Serum liver function tests can show increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and γ- glutamyl transferase (GT), whereas α-Fetoprofein (AFP) levels are normal. The definitive diagnosis relies mainly on histopathological examination. Because HCAs can rupture and bleed and become malignant. Early surgical treatment is recommended after detection.