bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Coalitional graph game for area maximization of multi-hop clustering in vehicular ad hoc networks
Authors: Charoenchai Siwapon , Siripongwutikorn Peerapon
Published: August 2022

Road traffic information can be utilized in many applications of intelligent transport systems. It can be collected from vehicles and sent over a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) to roadside units (RSUs) acting as sink nodes. Due to rapid mobility and limited channel capacity in a VANET where vehicles must compete to access the RSUs to report their data, clustering is used to create a group of vehicles to facilitate data transfer to the RSUs. Unlike previous works that focus on cluster lifetime or throughput, we formulate a coalitional graph game for multi-hop clustering (CGG-MC) model to create a multi-hop cluster with the largest possible coverage area for a given transmission delay time constraint to economize on the number of RSUs installed. Vehicles cooperatively form a proper coalition with relation directed graphs among vehicles in a multi-hop cluster to collect, aggregate, and forward data to RSUs instead of individually competing to connect directly to RSUs. Vehicles decide to join or leave the coalition based on their individual utility, which is a weighted function of the coverage area, number of members in the cluster, relative velocities, distance to sink nodes, and transmission delay toward the sink nodes. The distributed-solution approach based on probabilistic greedy merging of coalitions is used to derive the grand coalition, and the probability of grand coalition formation is analyzed by using a discrete-time Markov chain. Our results show that the proposed solution approach yields a $$95\%$$

95
%

confidence interval of the average utility between 61 and $$68\%$$

68
%

relative to the maximum utility in the centralized-solutions. Additionally, our CGG-MC model outperforms the non-cooperation model by approximately $$166\%$$

166
%

in terms of enlarging the coverage network area under a transmission delay time constraint.
Surface wave imaging using deep reflection seismic data: a study on the Cuonadong dome
Authors: Wang Guangwen , Lu Zhanwu , Li Wenhui , Xue Shuai , Wang Haiyan , Cheng Yongzhi , Chen Si , Cai Wei
Published: August 2022

As interference waves in deep reflection data processing, surface waves are often suppressed as noise, but surface waves carry considerable underground media information, including structural information and the physical properties of rocks. Reasonable extraction and use of surface wave signals are of great significance when studying shallow characteristics. Deep reflection data are collected using large offsets, trail spacing, and explosive sources. The surface wave energy tends to be stronger, and the high-frequency surface wave signal is abundant. After extraction and inversion, the shallow shear wave velocity structure can be obtained. Near the Cuonadong dome in the southern Tibetan detachment system (STDS), a large number of leucogranites are developed in the core, containing important rare metal minerals and high metallogenic potential. However, studies regarding the shallow structure in this region are rare. In this paper, we use deep reflection data from a profile through the Cuonadong dome to obtain the S-wave velocity structure of the study area by extracting the surface wave fundamental-mode dispersion curve and inversion. Combined with regional geological and magnetotelluric data, we supposed that the thickness of the Cuonadong dome sediment layer (< 1.4 km/s) varies greatly from east to west, the thickness of the sediment layer is the deepest near the Cuona fault and Jisong fault (more than 1 km), and the core of the dome is the thinnest. Under the Cuonadong dome, there are obvious high-velocity anomalies (> 2.2 km/s), and the horizontal S-wave velocity changes greatly, which is mainly related to the destruction of magmatic activity since the Miocene. These understandings of the structure and velocity field of the Cuonadong dome can provide a powerful geophysical basis for establishing the dome structure model and searching for hidden ore bodies.

Graphical abstract
Earth-shaking J. LEAGUE supporters
Authors: Yabe Suguru , Nishida Kiwamu , Sakai Shinichi
Published: August 2022

We conducted temporary seismic observations at the Hitachi-Kashiwa Soccer Stadium on a J. LEAGUE game day to obtain unique seismic records due to the collective action (i.e., jumping) of supporters, which were also recorded in a permanent Metropolitan Seismic Observation network (MeSO-net) station. This study investigated seismic wave excitation as well as seismic wave propagation from the stadium to its surroundings. The rhythms of the jumps of the supporters were characterized by analyzing audio data recorded in the stadium, which were compared with the characteristic frequencies observed in the seismic records. The characteristic frequencies in the seismic records are integer multiples of the jumping rhythms, which is consistent with the loading model of jumping people proposed in earlier studies. This implies that seismometers could be useful for monitoring collective human activity. Travel times were studied using deconvolved waveforms because seismic waves generated by the supporters are sinusoidal with vague onset. Polarization analysis was performed to measure the amplitude and polarization azimuths. The observed seismic wave propagation was compared with synthetic waveforms calculated using one-dimensional physical properties based on the Japan Seismic Hazard Information Station (J-SHIS). The synthetic waveforms calculated with the shallow and deep layer combined model are more consistent with observations of travel times and amplitude decay than those calculated with the only deep layer model, although a part of the observations cannot be explained by both models. This result suggests that the subsurface structure of J-SHIS is good in this region, although a more detailed three-dimensional structure and topography must be considered to fully explain the observations. As human-induced seismic signals are expected to be generated in various situations, this study shows that such unique seismic waves can be used as an artificial seismic source for validating and improving local shallow subsurface structural models in urban environments.

Graphical Abstract
Feasibility, acceptability, and limited efficacy of health system-led familial risk notification: protocol for a mixed-methods evaluation
Authors: Blasi Paula R. , Scrol Aaron , Anderson Melissa L. , Gray Marlaine Figueroa , Tiffany Brooks , Fullerton Stephanie M. , Ralston James D. , Leppig Kathleen A. , Henrikson Nora B.
Published: August 2022

Background

Genetic testing for pathogenic variants associated with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer risk can improve cancer outcomes through enhanced preventive care in both people with known variants and their biologic relatives. Cascade screening—the process of case-finding in relatives by notifying and inviting them to consider testing—currently relies on the patient to notify their own at-risk relatives. However, many of these relatives never learn they might be at risk. We developed and implemented a new health system-led familial genetic risk notification process where the care team offers to contact at-risk relatives directly. This protocol describes a study to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and limited efficacy of this intervention.

Methods

This feasibility study will use a single-arm, nonrandomized, mixed-methods prospective design.

We will enroll two groups of participants: probands and relatives of probands. Eligible probands are currently enrolled Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA) members with an upcoming appointment for pre-test genetic counseling for hereditary Lynch syndrome, breast, or ovarian cancer. Eligible relatives, who do not have to be KPWA members, are first-and second-degree relatives of probands. During the appointment with the proband, the genetic counselor will determine whether the proband is appropriate for genetic testing and if so, which relatives might benefit from cascade testing. The genetic counselor then will offer to contact any or all identified relatives directly to discuss genetic risk and testing. The primary outcome of this study is the feasibility of the implemented familial notification process, which we will measure using quantitative and qualitative data on intervention reach, intervention acceptability, and limited efficacy. Analyses will be primarily descriptive and exploratory, with the intent of preparing for a future, larger trial of direct contact interventions.

Discussion

Our findings will provide new, foundational evidence for the creation of US-based familial notification systems that directly address logistical and ethical challenges while prioritizing the preferences of patients and families.
Histology and morphometry of the skin of the trident goby Tridentiger brevispinis (Perciformes, Gobiidae)
Authors: Kim Hyun-Tae
Published: August 2022

The Korean trident goby, Tridentiger brevispinis, lives in adverse habitats that can easily become hypoxic due to low precipitation, regional dry periods, and high amounts of solar radiation. Histological and morphometric studies revealed the goby’s specialized skin (35.4–150.0 μm in thickness), consisting of an epidermis and dermis. The thicker epidermis comprises an outermost surface layer (having taste buds, stratified flattened cells, mucous cells, pigment cells, and stratified polygonal cells), middle layer (having stratified polygonal cells), and stratum germinativum (stratified columnar cells). In particular, the dermis has scales, well-developed vascularization, and a few blood capillaries just above the basement membrane, and a reduced diffusion distance was present in the lateral body. Consequently, adaptations such as thicker epidermis, well-developed vascularization, few blood capillaries, and a reduced diffusion distance may provide cutaneous respiration for survival in poorly oxygenated water during the periodic dry season.
Enhancing the decision-making process for public-private partnerships infrastructure projects: a socio-economic system dynamic approach
Authors: Alghamdi Faisal , Tatari Omer , Alghamdi Leena
Published: August 2022

Public-private partnerships (PPP) have many critical socio-economic concession variables that need to be determined during the negotiation of the PPP contracts. However, their determination presents complexities to decision-makers due to these components’ interdependencies. Assessing the dynamic and interdependent relationships between the socio-economic concession components can enhance the development of PPP concessions. System dynamics (SD) techniques have provided a holistic system understanding of several complex structures from a holistic perspective. This paper aims to build a novel socio-economic SD model to facilitate the decision-making process for PPP projects via determining and assessing the adequate concession period, concession price (user-payment), government subsidy, and the capital structure (in the form of equity). A case study for a PPP toll-road project (I-4 Ultimate) is utilized to validate the proposed model’s results. Higher concession prices increased net present value (NPV) levels and PPP effectiveness. Simulation results showed that the variables are interdependent, and a change in the value of one variable will lead to a change in the values of the other variables. The results also showed that the concession price (user-payment) has a major influence on the concession variables. The model proposed in this study gives a holistic perspective of the complex interplay between PPP effectiveness and several socio-economic variables and is potentially valuable in facilitating and enhancing the decision-making process for PPP projects. While many scholarly discussions have been fronted on the use of system dynamics modeling in PPPs, the specific and unique combination of concession variables is the ultimate contribution of this study to the existing body of knowledge.
Q-compensated least-squares reverse time migration with velocity-anisotropy correction based on the first-order velocity-pressure equations
Authors: Qu Yingming , Zhu Jianggui , Chen Zhenzhong , Huang Chongpeng , Wang Yixin , Liu Chang
Published: August 2022

Anisotropy and Q attenuation bring great challenges to seismic wave migration. On migrated images, anisotropy creates structural and positioning errors, and Q attenuation leads to weak amplitudes and misplacement of reflectors. A 2D Q-compensated least-squares reverse time migration with velocity-anisotropy correction ( QLSRTM-VA) is proposed through the construction of velocity-anisotropic Q-compensated forward modeling, Q-compensated adjoint, and Q-attenuated demigration operators to simultaneously correct velocity-anisotropy and Q-attenuation in the migration process. The preceding operators are derived using first-order velocity-anisotropic viscoacoustic quasi-differential wave equations with variable densities, which are stable, capable of conveniently dealing with variable density media and are easy to transform between velocity-anisotropic Q-compensation and Q-attenuation versions. As exemplified by two synthetic and field data sets, our QLSRTM-VA method increases the imaging resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and amplitude preservation in deep regions. Our method is capable of producing better images than viscoacoustic isotropic least-squares reverse time migration (LSRTM) and acoustic anisotropic LSRTM.
Estimation of in situ stresses from PP-wave azimuthal seismic data in fracture-induced anisotropic media
Authors: Pan Xinpeng , Liu Zhishun , Wang Pu , Zheng Ying , Li Lei , Wang Xun , Guo Zhenwei , Liu Jianxin
Published: August 2022

Horizontally transverse isotropy (HTI) induced by vertical or subvertical aligned fractures is common for unconventional fractured porous shale oil or gas reservoirs. Compared with the unfractured rocks, the seismic response characteristics of PP-wave azimuthal amplitudes are usually disturbed by the fractures and the in situ stresses. Knowledge of fracture properties, as well as in situ stresses, is required to optimize horizontal well planning and hydraulic fracturing during production, and the seismic inversion for in situ stresses from the PP-wave azimuthal amplitude data in fracture-induced anisotropic media is an essential step. Using the linear-slip theory and the effective stress law, we derive the fluid-saturated effective elastic stiffness tensors parameterized by background elastic moduli, the effective stress coefficient of isotropic host rocks, fluid modulus, porosity, and fracture parameters based on the anisotropic Gassmann’s fluid substitution equation. Combining the perturbations in saturated stiffness tensors and scattering theory, we formulate the reflection coefficient equation of PP-wave data as a function of background porosity-related stress parameter and two (i.e., normal and shear) fracture weakness parameters. Following Bayes’ rule, we estimate the porosity-related stress parameter and fracture weaknesses using the inversion method of azimuthal Fourier coefficients. Finally, we compute the effective horizontal and vertical in situ stresses using the estimated elastic moduli, porosity-related stress parameter, and fracture weaknesses. Synthetic and real data sets demonstrate that our proposed inversion approach based on the derived reflection equation provides us another way to obtain reasonable estimates of in situ stresses in a complex-fractured porous shale reservoir.
Physical Activity in Stage III Colon Cancer: CALGB/SWOG 80702 (Alliance)
Authors: Brown Justin C. , Ma Chao , Shi Qian , Fuchs Charles S. , Meyer Jeffrey , Niedzwiecki Donna , Zemla Tyler , Couture Felix , Kuebler Philip , Kumar Pankaj , Lewis DeQuincy , Tan Benjamin , Krishnamurthi Smitha , O'Reilly Eileen M. , Shields Anthony F. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2022

PURPOSE

To determine the specific types, durations, and intensities of recreational physical activity associated with the greatest improvements in disease-free survival (DFS) of patients with colon cancer.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective cohort study nested within a randomized multicenter trial of stage III colon cancer that compared 3 versus 6 months of fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with or without celecoxib. We measured recreational physical activity in the first 3 months of chemotherapy and again 6 months after completion of chemotherapy. The primary end point was DFS.

RESULTS

During a median follow-up of 5.9 years, 457 of 1,696 patients experienced disease recurrence or death. For total recreational physical activity volume, the 3-year DFS was 76.5% with < 3.0 metabolic equivalent task hours per week (MET-h/wk) and 87.1% with ≥ 18.0 MET-h/wk (risk difference [RD], 10.6%; 95% CI, 4.7 to 19.4; P < .001). For light-intensity to moderate-intensity activities, the 3-year DFS was 65.7% with 0.0 h/wk and 87.1% with ≥ 1.5 h/wk (RD, 21.4%; 95% CI, 9.2 to 37.1; P < .001). For vigorous-intensity activity, the 3-year DFS was 76.0% with 0.0 h/wk and 86.0% with ≥ 1.0 h/wk (RD, 10.0%; 95% CI, 4.5 to 18.9; P < .001). For brisk walking, the 3-year DFS was 81.7% with < 1.0 h/wk and 88.4% with ≥ 3.0 h/wk (RD, 6.7%; 95% CI, 3.0 to 13.8; P < .001). For muscle strengthening activity, the 3-year DFS was 81.8% with 0.0 h/wk and 88.8% for ≥ 0.5 h/wk (RD, 7.0%; 95% CI, 3.1 to 14.2; P = .003).

CONCLUSION

Among patients with stage III colon cancer enrolled in a trial of postoperative treatment, larger volumes of recreational physical activity, longer durations of light- to moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity, or any vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity were associated with the greatest improvements in DFS.
Regulation of Laboratory-Developed Tests in Preventive Oncology: Emerging Needs and Opportunities
Authors: Offit Kenneth , Sharkey Catherine M. , Green Dina , Wu Xiaohan , Trottier Magan , Hamilton Jada G. , Walsh Michael F. , Dandiker Sita , Belhadj Sami , Lipkin Steven M. , Sugrañes Thelma Alessandra , Caggana Michele , Stadler Zsofia K.
Published: August 2022

Cancer predictive or diagnostic assays, offered as Laboratory-Developed Tests (LDTs), have been subject to regulatory authority and enforcement discretion by the US Food and Drug Administration. Many LDTs enter the market without US Food and Drug Administration or any regulatory review. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments focuses on analytic performance, but has limited oversight of the quality or utility of LDTs, including whether patients have been harmed as a result of their use. Increasingly, LDTs for cancer risk or early detection have been marketed directly to consumers, with many LDT developers depicting these tests, requested by patients but ordered by personal or company-associated physicians, as procedures falling under the practice of medicine. This patchwork of regulation and enforcement uncertainty regarding LDTs and public concerns about accuracy of tests given emergency authorization during the COVID-19 pandemic led to the Verifying Accurate Leading-edge IVCT (in vitro clinical test) Development Act of 2021. This pending federal legislation represents an opportunity to harmonize regulatory policies and address growing concerns over quality, utility, and safety of LDTs for cancer genomics, including tests marketed directly to consumers. We review here questions regarding the potential benefits and harms of some cancer-related LDTs for cancer risk and presymptomatic molecular diagnosis, increasingly marketed to oncologists or directly to the worried well. We offer specific proposals to strengthen oversight of the accuracy and clinical utility of cancer genetic testing to ensure public safety.
Effect of money heterogeneity on resource dependency in complex networks
Authors: Agrawal Harshit , Lahorkar Ashwin , Shekatkar Snehal M.
Published: August 2022

Exchange of resources among individual components of a system is fundamental to systems like a social network of humans and a network of cities and villages. For various reasons, the human society has come up with the notion of money as a proxy for the resources. Here we extend the model of resource dependencies in networks that was recently proposed by one of us, by incorporating the concept of money so that the vertices of a network can sell and buy required resources among themselves. We simulate the model using the configuration model as a substrate for homogeneous as well as heterogeneous degree distributions and using various exchange strategies. We show that a moderate amount of initial heterogeneity in the money on the vertices can significantly improve the survivability of Scale-free networks but not that of homogeneous networks like the Erdős-Rényi network. Our work is a step towards understanding the effect of presence of money on the resource distribution dynamics in complex networks.
DeepACSA: Automatic Segmentation of Cross-Sectional Area in Ultrasound Images of Lower Limb Muscles Using Deep Learning
Authors: RITSCHE PAUL , WIRTH PHILIPP , CRONIN NEIL J. , SARTO FABIO , NARICI MARCO V. , FAUDE OLIVER , FRANCHI MARTINO V.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Muscle anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) can be assessed using ultrasound and images are usually evaluated manually. Here, we present DeepACSA, a deep learning approach to automatically segment ACSA in panoramic ultrasound images of the human rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and lateralis (GL) muscles.

Methods

We trained three muscle-specific convolutional neural networks (CNN) using 1772 ultrasound images from 153 participants (age = 38.2 yr, range = 13–78). Images were acquired in 10% increments from 30% to 70% of femur length for RF and VL and at 30% and 50% of muscle length for GM and GL. During training, CNN performance was evaluated using intersection-over-union scores. We compared the performance of DeepACSA to manual analysis and a semiautomated algorithm using an unseen test set.

Results

Comparing DeepACSA analysis of the RF to manual analysis with erroneous predictions removed (3.3%) resulted in intraclass correlation (ICC) of 0.989 (95% confidence interval = 0.983–0.992), mean difference of 0.20 cm2 (0.10–0.30), and SEM of 0.33 cm2 (0.26–0.41). For the VL, ICC was 0.97 (0.96–0.968), mean difference was 0.85 cm2 (−0.4 to 1.31), and SEM was 0.92 cm2 (0.73–1.09) after removal of erroneous predictions (7.7%). After removal of erroneous predictions (12.3%), GM/GL muscles demonstrated an ICC of 0.98 (0.96–0.99), a mean difference of 0.43 cm2 (0.21–0.65), and an SEM of 0.41 cm2 (0.29–0.51). Analysis duration was 4.0 ± 0.43 s (mean ± SD) for analysis of one image in our test set using DeepACSA.

Conclusions

DeepACSA provides fast and objective segmentation of lower limb panoramic ultrasound images comparable with manual segmentation. Inaccurate model predictions occurred predominantly on low-quality images, highlighting the importance of high-quality image for accurate prediction.
Evaluation of a Clinic-Based Exercise Program in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Undergoing Nonsurgical Treatment
Authors: LUO HAO , GALVÃO DANIEL A. , NEWTON ROBERT U. , TANG COLIN I. , HART NICOLAS H. , SINGH FAVIL , DEAN ANDREW , JASAS KEVIN , JOHANSSON MIKAEL , YUSOFF IAN , SPRY NIGEL , TAAFFE DENNIS R.
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Evidence regarding the role of exercise in pancreatic cancer (PanCa) is limited and is derived exclusively under tightly controlled research conditions. This study aimed to quantify adherence, adverse events, and changes in physical and psychological outcomes in any patients with PanCa referred to undertake exercise during nonsurgical treatment.

Methods

The study involved 22 patients with localized or metastatic PanCa undertaking a clinic-based exercise program during chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy. The program included supervised aerobic and resistance exercise undertaken twice weekly for 12 wk and a 12-wk follow-up with supervised exercise optional dependent on patient preference and condition. Patients were monitored for adherence and adverse events. Objective and patient-reported outcomes were assessed at baseline, 12 wk, and 24 wk.

Results

A total of 251 sessions were attended by 19 patients over the first 12 wk (attendance rate, 55%). Complete case analyses indicated significant (P < 0.05) improvements in functional ability (5.2%–17.2%), muscle strength (16.9%–25.1%), and static balance (6.8%). There were no significant changes in body composition or patient-reported outcomes except for sleep quality, which deteriorated; however, at an individual level, several patients had clinically relevant improvements in cancer-related fatigue and quality of life. Patients who continued with supervised exercise to week 24 largely preserved improvements in functional ability, muscle strength, and static balance. No serious adverse events resulted from the exercise program.

Conclusions

Individualized, supervised aerobic and resistance exercise in a clinic-based setting appears to be safe and may improve or maintain physical and psychological health in patients with PanCa undergoing nonsurgical treatment.
Retrospectives: On the Evolution of the Rules versus Discretion Debate in Monetary Policy
Authors: Dellas Harris , Tavlas George S.
Published: August 2022

Episodes of macroeconomic upheaval associated with monetary policy failure have provided the stage for important debates on rules versus discretion. We discuss the main features, results, commonalities, and differences in the debates that emerged after three such episodes. The modern debate was born during the Great Inflation of the 1970s and focused on both rules versus discretion and the properties of alternative rules. The middle debate originated with Henry Simons and the Chicago School during the Great Depression in the 1930s and focuses on policy uncertainty. The earliest systematic debate involved the Currency and Banking Schools in Britain in the 1820s, but, in spite the views of many of its participants and doctrinal historians, it seems to have primarily been about the degree of activism under a single rule—that of the gold standard.
Intangible Capital and Modern Economies
Authors: Corrado Carol , Haskel Jonathan , Jona-Lasinio Cecilia , Iommi Massimiliano
Published: August 2022

The production of goods and services is central to understanding economies. The textbook description of a firm, typically in agriculture or manufacturing, focuses on its physical “tangible” capital (machines), labor (workers), and the state of “know-how. ” Yet real-world firms, such as Apple, Microsoft, and Google, have almost no physical capital. Instead, their main capital assets are “intangible”: software, data, design, reputation, supply-chain expertise, and R&D. We discuss investment in these knowledge-based types of capital: How to measure it; how it affects macroeconomic data on investment, rates of return, and GDP; and how it relates to growth theory and practical growth accounting. We present estimates of productivity in the US and European economies in recent decades including intangibles and discuss why, despite relatively rapid growth in intangible capital and what seems to be a modern technological revolution, productivity growth has slowed since the global financial crisis.
Brazilian banking cycle synchronization during COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Costa Paulo , Matos Paulo , Costa Antonio
Published: August 2022

We assess the conditional relationships in the time-frequency domain between the return on Brazilian financial index, IFNC, and the COVID-19 cases or deaths in Hubei, in countries who stood out in this health crisis scenario and the world, considering the period from January 29 to December 31, 2021. Second, we study the banking sector behavior during the pandemic by analyzing the co-movements between banks. Methodologically, we follow Aguiar-Conraria et al. (2018) and Aguiar-Conraria and Soares (2011a) by using the wavelet framework. Our findings are use useful to explain the reaction of IFNC cycles to COVID-19 cycles, how it impacts banks linkages and are helpful to describe the pass-through in the banking sector.
What drives the release of material facts for Brazilian stocks?
Authors: Reichert Marcos Henrique , Perlin Marcelo Scherer
Published: August 2022

In this study we look at the determinants of material facts (Fatos Relevantes) in the Brazilian Market. Following local legislation, material facts should be released to the public right after its occurrence, and preferably, after trading time. We investigate the randomness of the release of material facts—and release strategies by executives—and test whether there is a particular time period where more or fewer material facts are published. We also investigate whether the content of the material fact—positive or negative sentiment—explains different strategies regarding the release of news to the market. Lastly, using Vector Auto Regressions, we test for a feedback effect between material facts and the financial data, that is, if material facts publishing drives the returns, volume and volatility and vice versa. Finally, our results show that volume, volatility and returns (to a lesser extent) are determinants for material facts publishing and material facts.
Digital twins and their use in future power systems
Authors: Palensky Peter , Cvetkovic Milos , Gusain Digvijay , Joseph Arun
Published: August 2022

The electric power sector is one of the later sectors in adopting digital twins and models in the loop for its operations. This article firstly reviews the history, the fundamental properties, and the variants of such digital twins and how they relate to the power system. Secondly, first applications of the digital twin concept in the power and energy business are explained. It is shown that the trans-disciplinarity, the different time scales, and the heterogeneity of the required models are the main challenges in this process and that co-simulation and co-modeling can help. This article will help power system professionals to enter the field of digital twins and to learn how they can be used in their business.
Lumefantrine pressure selects nonsynonymous mutation in cysteine desulfurase IscS gene in the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium berghei ANKA
Authors: Gachie Beatrice , Chepngetich Jean , Muriithi Brenda , Thiong’o Kelvin , Gathirwa Jeremiah , Kimani Francis , Mwitari Peter , Magoma Gabriel , Kiboi Daniel
Published: August 2022

Background: Lumefantrine (LM), piperaquine (PQ), and amodiaquine (AQ) are the essential long-acting partner drugs in the artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) treatment regimens globally. Understanding the resistance mechanisms to partner drugs remains critical for tracking resistant parasites. Cysteine desulfurase IscS (nfs1), one of the proteins involved in the iron-sulfur (FeS) biogenesis pathway, has been implicated in mediating malaria parasite drug resistance.  

Methods: Using the rodent malaria parasites Plasmodium berghei ANKA in mice, we assessed whether the nfs1 gene is associated with LM, PQ, and AQ resistance. By means of PCR and sequencing analysis, we probed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the nfs1 gene. Using qPCR, we then measured the expression of the nfs1 gene in resistant parasites relative to the drug-sensitive parent parasites. 

Results: Our analyses of nfs1 reveal a non-synonymous Gln142Arg mutation in the LM and PQ-resistant parasites. This mutation was not detected in the AQ-resistant parasites. The mRNA quantification of the nfs1 gene reveals significant downregulation in both LM and PQ-resistant parasites compared to the drug-sensitive wild-type (WT) parasites. Conversely, nfs1 expression was upregulated in the AQ-resistant schizont stage compared to the WT parasites.  

Conclusion: Our data suggest that LM and PQ selection pressure induces nonsynonymous mutation and nfs1 downregulation of its expression in Plasmodium berghei. Collectively, these findings provide a premise for investigating LM and PQ resistance mechanisms in both P. berghei and P. falciparum.
Bifidelity Surrogate Modelling: Showcasing the Need for New Test Instances
Authors: Andrés-Thió Nicolau , Muñoz Mario Andrés , Smith-Miles Kate
Published: August 2022

In recent years, multifidelity expensive black-box (Mf-EBB) methods have received increasing attention due to their strong applicability to industrial design problems. The challenge, however, is that knowledge of the relationship between decisions and objective values is limited to a small set of sample observations of variable quality. In the field of Mf-EBB, a problem instance consists of an expensive yet accurate source of information, and one or more cheap yet less accurate sources of information. The field aims to provide techniques either to accurately explain how decisions affect design outcome, or to find the best decisions to optimise design outcomes. Many techniques that use surrogate models have been developed to provide solutions to both aims. Only in recent years, however, have researchers begun to explore the conditions under which these new techniques are reliable, often focusing on problems with a single low-fidelity function, known as bifidelity expensive black-box (Bf-EBB) problems. This study extends the existing Bf-EBB test instances found in the literature, as well as the features used to determine when the low-fidelity information source should be used. A literature test suite is constructed and augmented with new instances to demonstrate the potentially misleading results that could be reached using only the instances currently found in the literature, and to expose the criticality of a more heterogeneous test suite for algorithm assessment. Addressing the shortcomings of the existing literature, a new set of features is presented, as well as a new instance creation procedure, and a study of their impact on algorithm assessment is conducted. The low-fidelity information source is shown to be valuable if it is often locally accurate, even when its overall accuracy is relatively low. This contradicts the existing literature guidelines, which indicate the low-fidelity information is only useful if it has a high overall accuracy.

History: Accepted by Antonio Frangioni, Area Editor for Design & Analysis of Algorithms – Continuous.

Funding: This work was supported by Australian Research Council [Grant IC200100009] for the ARC Training Centre in Optimisation Technologies, Integrated Methodologies and Applications (OPTIMA), and the University of Melbourne Research Computing Services and Petascale Campus Initiative. N. Andrés-Thió is also supported by a Research Training Program scholarship from the University of Melbourne.

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplementary Information [ https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1217 ] or is available from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC ) at [ http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6578060 ].
Manufacturing Productivity with Worker Turnover
Authors: Moon Ken , Bergemann Patrick , Brown Daniel , Chen Andrew , Chu James , Eisen Ellen A. , Fischer Gregory M. , Loyalka Prashant , Rho Sungmin , Cohen Joshua
Published: August 2022

To maximize productivity, manufacturers must organize and equip their workforces to efficiently handle variable workloads. Their success depends on their ability to assign experienced and skilled workers to specialized tasks and coordinate work on production lines. Worker turnover may disrupt such efforts. We use staffing, productivity, and pay data from within a major consumer electronics manufacturer’s supply chain to study how firms should manage worker turnover and its effects using production decisions, wages, and inventory. We find that worker turnover impedes coordination between assembly line coworkers by weakening knowledge sharing and relationships. Publicly available unit-cost estimates imply that worker turnover accounts for $206–274 million in added direct expenses alone from defectively assembled units failing the firm’s stringent quality control. To evaluate managerial alternatives, we structurally estimate a dynamic equilibrium model (an Experience-Based Equilibrium) encompassing (1) workers’ endogenous turnover decisions and (2) the firm’s weekly planning of its production scheduling and staffing in response. In counterfactual analyses, a less turnover-prone, hence more productive, workforce significantly benefits the firm, reducing its variable production costs by 4.5%, or an estimated $928 million for the studied product. Such benefits justify paying higher efficiency wages even to less skilled workforces; furthermore, interestingly, rational inventory management policies incentivize self-interested firms to reduce rather than tolerate turnover.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

Funding: The authors gratefully acknowledge support from the data sponsor, and K. Moon gratefully acknowledges support from the Wharton Dean’s Research Fund and the Claude Marion Endowed Faculty Scholar Award of the Wharton School.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4476 .
La fascinante historia de un murciélago que es pescador y vive en las islas del Golfo de California
Authors: Flores-Martínez José Juan , Sánchez-Cordero Víctor , Herrera M. L. Gerardo
Published: August 2022

Con algunas adaptaciones morfológicas, fisiológicas y conductuales, y con una alimentación casi exclusivamente marina, el murciélago pescador enfrenta las altas temperaturas del verano, las temperaturas muy frías y los fuertes vientos del invierno, y la aridez de las islas del Golfo de California en las que habita.
Becoming an RCGP-accredited Veteran Friendly Practice
Authors: Fall Lisa
Published: August 2022

Practice Manager Lisa Fall discusses the Royal College of General Practitioners Veteran Friendly Practice Accreditation programme, which aims to better identify, understand, support and refer veteran patients and their families
Zero-trust architecture is creating a passwordless society
Authors: Iggbom Jonas
Published: August 2022

Entering traditional passwords on a website is not uncommon and most people have at least one. But as our digital reliance increases and cyber criminals become more tech savvy, passwords may not be suitable as our primary form of authentication in the future.
Generation of scalar/vectorial vortex beams by using the plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Kong Depeng , Zhao Yu , Ma Ningtao
Published: August 2022

Scalar and vector vortex beams are characterized of a helical wavefront but different polarized states, which result in different applications. In this paper, we design and fabricate a plasmonic metasurface based on the geometric phase principle. The designed metasurfaces are capable of generating a scalar vortex beam with a topological charge of

±

2

and a vectorial vortex beam with a topological charge of

±

1

in the near-infrared band. The experimental results are in good agreement with the simulation results, and our work provides a new idea for the development of a multivortex beam converter.
Quasi-continuous tunable semiconductor laser based on the gain-lever effect with full C-band coverage fabricated by standard lithography
Authors: Du Fangling , Xu Yuanbo , Li Jing , Wang Hailing , Zheng Wanhua
Published: August 2022

A quasi-continuous tunable semiconductor laser covered full C-band is demonstrated. The quasi-continuous tuning range of the tunable semiconductor laser is significantly improved by optimizing the length of the phase section using the gain-lever effect, achieving a 36 nm range that covered the whole C-band. In the tuning range, 46 channels with 100 GHz spacing are achieved, and all channels exhibit a side mode suppression ratio above 30 dB. No regrowth or high-precision lithography is involved in the fabrication process of the tunable semiconductor laser, which has the potential to provide a cost-effective light source for dense wavelength division multiplexing systems.
Near-infrared toroidal dipole response supported by silicon metasurfaces
Authors: Li Shiyu , Li Shaoyi , Wang Yi
Published: August 2022

The dielectric metasurfaces supporting non-radiative toroidal dipole resonances play important roles in nanophotonics. In this paper, toroidal dipole resonances using a double-axe nanostructure array in the near-infrared region are theoretically investigated by the characterization of the near-field distribution and far-field scattering. An experimental quality factor of 261 is obtained at the resonant wavelength of 1498 nm.
Comparison of wavefront aberrations in the object and image spaces using wide-field individual eye models
Authors: Liu Yongji , Li Xiaolan , Zhang Lin , Yi Xianglong , Xing Yuwei , Li Kunqi , Wang Yan
Published: August 2022

Wavefront aberrations in the image space are critical for visual perception, though the clinical available instruments usually give the wavefront aberrations in the object space. This study aims to compare the aberrations in the object and image spaces. With the measured wavefront aberrations over the horizontal and vertical ±15° visual fields, the in-going and out-going wide-field individual myopic eye models were constructed to obtain the wavefront aberrations in the object and image spaces of the same eye over ±45° horizontal and vertical visual fields. The average differences in the mean sphere and astigmatism were below 0.25 D between the object and image spaces over the horizontal and vertical ±45° visual fields under 3 mm and 6 mm pupil diameter. The wavefront aberrations in the object space are a proper representation of the aberrations in the image space at least for horizontal visual fields ranging from -35°to +35° and vertical visual fields ranging from -15°to +15°.
Highly sensitive dual-core photonic quasicrystal fiber methane sensor based on surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Liu Qiang , Zhao Jin , Sun Yudan , Wang Shimiao , Han Mingzhu , Sun Guangrong , Lv Jingwei , Mu Haiwei , Chu Paul K. , Liu Chao
Published: August 2022

A highly sensitive dual-core photonic quasicrystal fiber methane sensor based on surface plasmon resonance is designed and analyzed. In this sensor, cryptophane

E

is doped with polysiloxane and Ag and used as the sensitive film and plasma medium, respectively, for sensitive detection of methane. The influence of the structural parameters on the sensor properties is analyzed by the finite element method. The optimized dual-quasi-D-shape structure has excellent methane-sensing properties such as maximum and average wavelength sensitivities of 14 and 10.98 nm/%, respectively, in the methane concentration range of 0%–3.5%. The sensitivity is better than that of similar sensors reported previously.
Modified low-bandwidth sub-Nyquist sampling receiving scheme in an IM/DD OFDM system enabled by improved optical shaping
Authors: Luo Zhibin , Li Fan , Ni Weihao , Rong Limin , Wang Wei , Yin Mingzhu , Sui Qi , Li Zhaohui
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a modified low-bandwidth sub-Nyquist sampling receiving scheme enabled by optical shaping is investigated in an intensity modulation/direct detection (IM/DD) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system, which can reduce the sampling rate and analog bandwidth of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) at the receiving end. By changing the phase matrix of preprocessing, the modified scheme can distinguish different groups of data only by controlling the delay of the shaping module. In addition, the proposed RF sharing architecture can further reduce the cost and increase the feasibility of the scheme. Based on arcsine digital pre-distortion (DPD) technology, a DPD optical pulse shaping scheme is proposed to achieve better spectrum aliasing in the optical domain. With the help of the DPD shaping, we successfully experimentally demonstrate the 12.5-GHz/44.45-Gbit/s IM/DD OFDM system with low-bandwidth (3.125 GHz) and sub-Nyquist sampling rate (6.25 GSa/s) ADC. The experiment results show that the proposed scheme can not only effectively achieve low-bandwidth reception, but also achieve about 0.4 dB receiver sensitivity improvement compared with the traditional high-bandwidth scheme at BER of 3.8×10−3 after 10.2 km standard single mode fiber transmission, which indicates that the proposed scheme is a promising low-cost candidate to provide large transmission capacity for the next-generation network.
MoG-DS: model-guided deep convolutional network for joint denoising and super-resolution of a single-photon counting image
Authors: He Fang , Tian Xin , Liu Rui , Ma Jiayi
Published: August 2022

Single-photon counting (SPC) imaging has attracted considerable research attention in recent years due to its capability to detect targets under extremely low-light conditions. However, the spatial quality of SPC images is always unsatisfactory because they typically suffer from considerable effects of noise and their spatial resolution is low. Most traditional methods are dedicated to solving the noise problem while ignoring the improvement of spatial resolution. To address these challenging issues, we propose a novel model-guided deep convolutional network for joint denoising and super-resolution (SR) of SPC images. First, we introduce a model-based iterative optimization algorithm with deep regularizer to unify denoising and SR into one problem. Second, we construct a model-guided deep convolutional network by unfolding the aforementioned model-based iterative algorithm to achieve an optimal solution. All modules in the proposed network are interpretable due to the special model-guided design, and they enable good generalization in real situations. In addition, the deep regularizer and other parameters in the proposed network are jointly optimized in an end-to-end manner, which efficiently reduces the difficulty of parameter design. Extensive simulation and real experimental results are reported to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in terms of visual comparison and quantitative analysis, respectively.
Tunable mode-locked Tm-doped fiber laser based upon cross-phase modulation
Authors: Huang Shiting , Zheng Shukai , Wang Jiachen , Chen Hongyi , Dong Fanlong , Yu Linpeng , Luo Xing , Guo Xin , Yan Peiguang , Wang Jinzhang , Lei Yaohu , Liu Wenjun , Lue Qitao , Guo Chunyu , Ruan Shuangchen
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate the generation of soliton and dissipative soliton in an ultrafast thulium (Tm) doped fiber laser based upon cross-phase modulation (XPM) induced mode-locking. The mode-locking is realized by periodically modulating the 2-µm signal through XPM that is activated by an injected 1.5-µm pulsed laser. Such a mechanism enables the laser to be mode-locked in various operation regimes without any real or artificial saturable absorbers. Thanks to the XPM pulling effect, the wavelength of the Tm-doped fiber laser can be tuned by adjusting the repetition frequency of the 1.5-µm pulsed laser. The maximum tuning ranges achieved in this work for the soliton and dissipative soliton regimes are respectively 11 nm and 15 nm. The outcomes of this work not only provide a continuously and controllably wavelength-tunable ultrafast laser but also offer a passively synchronized dual-color fiber laser system, which is promised for many important applications such as Raman spectroscopy, nonlinear frequency conversion systems, and multi-color pump-probe systems.