bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Secretome as Novel Regenerative Approach in Oral Ulcerative Lesions Management: A Review
Authors: Wicaksono Satutya , Rahmahani Jola , Ernawati Diah Savitri , Rantam Fedik Abdul , Budhy Theresia Indah , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Nur Reyhan Mahendra , Indrastie Nuraini , Ramadhani Nastiti Faradilla , Noor Tengku Natasha Eleenabinti Tengku Ahmad
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Paracrine effects exerted by trophic factors secreted by the mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) are now considered the primary mechanism of regenerative abilities. These trophic factors, comprised of various growth factors, cytokines, microvesicles, and exosomes, are collectively called MSC secretome (MSC-S). MCS-S is thought to be a promising means of regenerative therapy. Architectural and functional oral epithelial loss in oral ulcerative lesions (OUL) may become the proper target for MSC-S regenerative therapy. Several pre-clinical studies have been conducted to assess the potential of MSC-S to facilitate OUL healing. Aim: Thus, this article attempts to review current relevant studies regarding the applicability of MSC-S for OUL management. Method: This review was based on a literature search on several sites (PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect) with specific keywords "MSC secretome", “regenerative therapy”, "oral ulcer", and "regenerative therapy", "wound healing". Results: A total of 37 articles were included in this review. Conclusion: Based on the results, we concluded that MSC-S could improve oral mucosa regeneration and repair. Thus MSC-S would be a promising therapy for OUL therapy.
Selection of different factors for the Calculation of Similarity factor (f2) and Dissimilarity factor (f1) as per different countries' regulatory recommendations for the biowaiver Study: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Maheshwari Dilip
Published: April 2024

Biowaiver refers to the waiving of bioequivalence studies or in vivo bioavailability. The model-independent similarity factor approach for the dissolution profiling test is considered in the comparison shown in this article survey. Rather than conducting costly and tedious bioequivalence (in vivo) examinations, a dissolution test can be used as an alternative for comparing whether two drug products are identical or not. The purpose of this review is to feature the expectations of various regulatory bodies for biowaiver studies. Initially, no regulatory agency defined the early time point; however, the FDA recently defined the early time point as up to 10 minutes for products with a fast or immediate release rate. The biowaiver approach based on the BCS (Biopharmaceutical Classification System) is intended to reduce the requirement for studies of bioequivalence, so it can provide an alternative to bioequivalence studies. Bioequivalence studies might be waived if in vivo execution can be legitimated by satisfactory dissolution profiling information. The Biopharmaceutical Classification System approach is logical in view of the gastrointestinal permeability, aqueous solubility, and characteristics of the drug molecules. The model-independent similarity factor (f2) method is suggested by numerous regulatory bodies to show dissolution closeness or similarity worldwide. This f2 method is leaned toward on the grounds that it is generally simple to utilize, the similarity factor (f2) value is not difficult to calculate, and a well-known acceptance criteria for profile closeness or f2 (similarity) (i.e., f2≥50) has been set. As per comparison with different regulatory guidelines for dissolution profiling, it was found that there were many divergences in the criteria for exemption from the F2 criteria, the selection of the minimum number of dissolution profile time points, the selection of end time points, and the coefficient of variation. So it is needed to harmonies a guideline on biowaiver studies that can be applicable to all countries for ANDA (Abbreviated New Drug Application) filing purposes.
Commentary: Ideology Versus Pragmatism in a Transforming Global Order: Motivations and Effects Greg Simons
Authors: Simons Greg
Published: April 2024

As the 21st century progresses, the level of competition and conflict between the Global North and the Global South continues to increase in intensity. The incumbent hegemonic order, the Western centric United States unipolar order (Global North) is being perceived as entering a state of relative decline in relation to the rise of the Non-Western centric multipolar order (Global South). At this stage, the Global North has defended its hegemonic position against the challenger. These two global orders have rather different visions and approaches to defending or challenging for the status of global hegemon. The Global North takes a rather ideological and messianic approach to prevail in the global competition for power and influence, whereas the Global South is much more pragmatic in their quest to secure their interests and goals.
Reconstructing complex flows using neural data assimilation
Authors: Grauer Samuel
Published: April 2024

We report a neural data assimilation (DA) algorithm that can reconstruct turbulent Eulerian flow states in a large spatio-temporal domain from noisy Lagrangian tracks. The tracks are obtained via particle tracking velocimetry (PTV): an essential tool for experimental research on fluid turbulence. In PTV, tracer particles are seeded into a flow, illuminated, imaged, and linked across frames to produce a set of spatially-sparse Lagrangian particle trajectories, a.k.a. “tracks.” DA is frequently used to combine the tracks with equations that govern the flow to accurately reconstruct the velocity field and infer latent fields like pressure or density. Crucially, localization and tracking errors can degrade the performance of PTV, especially when using a single-camera setup as in plenoptic or digital-inline-holography PTV. Moreover, the particles may too heavy, too light, too large, or too abundant to act as ideal tracers, preventing easy access to the flow. Our neural DA algorithm can compensate for large, anisotropic localization errors, tracking errors, and inertial particle transport. We formulate physics losses based on the Navier–Stokes and Maxey–Riley equations. PTV data is embedded in our particle transport model as a hard constraint, and the tracked positions, size, and density of each particle may be estimated as part of the reconstruction. We demonstrate the method using simulated measurements of turbulent flows. Accurate flow states and particle properties are reconstructed from unlabeled PTV data.
MONITORING OF FIBROBLAST AT AN EARLY AGE BY THE METHOD OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION
Authors: BOROVKOVA E. , SHABANOV D.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the main results of acoustic emission monitoring of concrete and fibro-concrete at an early age. The main characteristics of acoustic signals arising in a concrete mixture during the structuring of concrete with and without structural reinforcement are presented. In the course of the study, the influence of reinforcement on the processes of acoustic signal extraction during the formation of concrete samples was determined. The physico-chemical processes occurring inside the concrete mixture, associated with internal structural changes and, as a con-sequence, hydration stages, are interconnected with acoustic emission, which is sensitive to the capture of numerous elastic wave signals during the formation of the structure under various conditions.
A MODELLING FRAMEWORK OF PORTLAND CEMENT HYDRATION
Authors: KRAVCHENKO V.
Published: April 2024

Modelling the hydration process of Portland cement is a critical stage for predicting the mechanical properties of cement-based materials, since the modelling results are actually the initial data for prediction models. Incorrect modelling at this stage is high likely to lead to inadequate values of mechanical properties. The main difficulty of modelling is that cement hydration is an extremely complex process, the features of which are still not clearly understood. This determines the fact that hydration modelling is currently based on a phenomenological approach including a sufficient number of coefficients depending on experimental results.

This paper presents basic principles of hydration modelling and analyses the most widely used models to estimate the degree of cement hydration to identify their assumptions and limitations.
RESULTS OF FIELD STUDIES OF THE WALLS OF A HOUSE ON ST. NIZHNE-POKROVSKAYA, 20
(CELL BUILDING OF THE FORMER FRANCISCAN MONASTERY) IN POLOTSK
Authors: SOLOVIEV A.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of the probing work on the walls of the cell building of the former Franciscan monastery. They helped to identify a number of reconstructions of different times, the remains of the constructions and the elements of the original layout and interiors, which is completely lost today and which is partially known only from the inventory descriptions of 1818, 1823 and 1832. Also according to the latest studies, some of the fundamental alterations of the building for the needs of various institutions located there were discovered. The niches with partially preserved wooden shelves and paintings of the XVIII – first third of the XIX centuries and the alterations in the eastern part of the building are of the particular interest. Preserved in the building, the fragment of the completely lost eastern facade of the church became the unique find. That’s how the sequence of the construction of the main buildings of the monastery was clarified
COMPOSITE GYPSUM BINDER
USING DOLOMITE FLOUR AND ASH AND SLAG WASTE
Authors: TOLMACH М. , RASCHINSKY N. , PARFENOVA L.
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of studies of the physical and mechanical properties of a composite gypsum binder containing ash and slag mixture, dolomite flour and portland cement. Mathematical models of the influence of recipe factors on the basic physical and mechanical properties of CGB, compressive strength, tensile strength in bending, density, water absorption and porosity have been obtained, allowing to optimize the composition of the raw materials of the composite gypsum binder. It has been shown that by changing the content of prescription factors in the composition of the CGB, it is possible to vary the physical and mechanical characteristics: compressive strength in the range from 9,4 MPa to 13,2 MPa, tensile strength in bending – from 3,2 MPa to 5,7 MPa, density – from 1345 kg/m3 to 1468 kg/m3, water absorption – from 18,2% to 24,4%. Based on the optimized composition of the CGB raw material mixture, gypsum concrete with a compressive strength of 13,3 MPa and a softening coefficient of 0,44 was obtained, which can be used for the manufacture of wall blocks.
Beyond the Page: Exploring Hypertextual Elements in Milorad Pavic’s The Landscape Painted with Sea
Authors: Dr Anu S.  , Dr Sajna Sanal
Published: April 2024

Hypertext literature is a form of interactive and nonlinear narration that utilizes the digital format to create dynamic and interconnected narrative structures. Postmodernist writers like Italo Calvino, Jorge Luis Borges, Julio Cortazar, Milorad Pavic, etc. incorporated nonlinear interactive elements within traditional printed books to create a new reading experience. They introduce branching paths, allowing the readers to navigate through the text in a non-sequential manner. Instead of following electronic hyperlinks, readers encounter printed hypertext through footnotes, endnotes, literary games and other techniques. Hypertexts are usually reader-oriented and they usually remove the author from the text. But the works of Milorad Pavic, a Serbo-Croatian writer, follow the hypertext technique in an innovative manner. He experiments with the textual structure in such a way that it ensures both reader interaction and author presence in the hypertextual format. This paper tries to analyse how Pavic’s novel The Landscape Painted with Tea explores the experimental narrative structure to guarantee reader and author participation the text.
Civilized Tribal Relations Vs Disabilities of Modern Societies: A Reading of Mahasweta Devi’s Pterodactyl, Puran Sahay o Pirtha
Authors: Dr. Neeta Kumari
Published: April 2024

The so-called modern civilized society describes the term ‘tribal’ as the antonym of ‘civilized’. However, Mahasweta Devi’s Pterodactyl, Puran Sahay o Pirtha (the novel that Devi describes as the essence of her tribal experience) exposes this sham of the modern society while bringing out its disabilities and uncivilized inhumane aspects. And this she does by delineating not only the interpersonal and societal relations in tribal communities but also by describing the tribals’ relation with the Nature that sustains their existence. The civilized-to-the-core tribal society, Devi shows in the novel, is brutally exploited by the savage outsiders—the representatives of the so-called modern civilized society. These are government officials, journalists, businessmen, contractors, money-lenders from the modern world whose lust, of all the types there, has brought the tribals on the verge of extinction. Based on the first hand experiences of Mahasweta Devi, this novel belongs to the category of docufiction, through an analysis of which the present paper attempts to expose the disabilities of the contemporary society—the society that in the name of development mercilessly exploits the tribals as well as the Nature and is incapable of respecting their existence.
Blending knowledge systems for agroecological nutrient management and climate resilience
Authors: Blesh Jennifer , Schipanski Meagan
Published: April 2024

Agroecology links multiple ways of knowing in order to understand and manage farms as the ecosystems that they are—agroecosystems. Farm­ers often have deep, place-based knowledge of their agroecosystems that informs how to manage ecological interactions for multiple benefits. Many Indigenous practices sustained food production for generations without fossil fuel inputs, and tradi­tional ecological knowledge is a valuable source of wisdom for adaptive management of agroeco­systems. Other forms of ecological knowledge have been developed using Western scientific research approaches. Through the concept of the ecosys­tem, ecology applies systems thinking to under­stand complex relationships between organisms (including humans) and their environment across spatio-temporal scales. In practice, blending these ways of knowing has a wide range of interpreta­tions and manifestations, especially in the past several decades, as agroecology has developed into a science, practice, and social movement. Embrac­ing all three of these aspects, we argue that agro­ecology could more fully integrate traditional eco­logical knowledge and farmer knowledge with ecological science—including valuing where they overlap and their unique contributions (Kimmerer, 2013)—in support of food system transformation. We focus on the example of agroecological nutri­ent management in the context of climate change. . . .
Agroecology and corporate power in the U.S.
Authors: Lloyd Sarah , Treakle Jordan , Hendrickson Mary
Published: April 2024

First paragraph: Introduction In reflecting on the U.S. Agroecology Summit 2023, we want to bring a key issue to the fore: corporate power and how agroecology can address it in the food system. Taking on existing power structures was an important theme running through the con­ference, from confronting legacies of colonization and slavery in the food system to battling the mar­ginalization of affected communi­ties in agricultural and food sciences. The corpo­rate dominance of agricultural markets and its corresponding influ­ence in the political realm was certainly present throughout our discussions, but here we want to center the role of corporate power in future discus­sions of agroecology in the U.S. . . .
Difetti congeniti dell’immunità: non solo le vecchie immunodeficienze
Authors: Tommasini Alberto , Valencic Erica , Naviglio Samuele
Published: April 2024

Inborn errors of immunity are a rapidly-developing area of clinical study. Based on the description of a small set of disorders with a significant risk of infection that may be identified with a small number of lab tests, the definition has been expanded to include a broader range of diseases that may necessitate a more intricate diagnostic process involving immunological and genetic studies. In this context, the paper presents a compilation of the most prevalent and severe illnesses that should not be overlooked. Additionally, it provides valuable guidance for classifying recently identified conditions, which may manifest as more nuanced and gradual clinical presentations. Prompt identification is es- sential for timely implementation of elective treatments such as bone marrow transplantation or gene therapy in severe instances or for commencing targeted medications that can mitigate present and future hazards in other cases.
Il nirsevimab nella prevenzione della bronchiolite da virus respiratorio sinciziale
Authors: Consolati Alessandra , Farinelli Maria Paola , Serravalle Paolo , Rollandin Christine , Apprato Laura , Bongiorno Salvatore
Published: April 2024

Background RSV is the leading cause of hospitalization for respiratory infections in infants, such as bronchiolitis. In the epidemic season 2023-2024, in Valle D’Aosta Region of Italy (VdA) a universal prevention program against RSV was implemented to protect all infants aged less than 6 months with Nirsevimab. Here we present preliminary data as of 15Feb/2023 regarding coverage rate and effectiveness of nirsevimab. Methods Written consent to the administration of Nirsevimab and the processing of health data was obtained from parents. Nirsevimab administration data were extrapolated from electronic health records managed by Health Authority of VdA, while hospitalizations data for RSV bronchiolitis were extrapolated from hospital discharge records of the same VdA. Results Nirsevimab was available for all infants from 20/Dec/2023. Coverage rates were 65% (292/448) for infants born from 1/May/2023 to 18/Dec/2023, and 86% (77/89) for infants born from 20/Dec/2023 to 15/Feb/2024. There have been 29 hospitalizations for RSV bronchiolitis, 18 in infants born after 1/May/2023. In the past epidemic season 2022/2023, on the same date, the number of hospitalizations was 61, of which 47 in children born after 1/May/2022. The prevalence of RSV bronchiolitis hospitalization in infants who did not receive Nirsevimab was 8.3% (14/168), while there were no hospitalizations due to RSV bronchiolitis in infants who received Nirsevimab (0/369), p<0.001 (Fisher’s exact test). Conclusions The high coverage rate and the solid effectiveness results of Nirsevimab in VdA, as already demonstrated in other countries such as US, Spain, France, Luxemburg, may support Italian policy makers in the implementation of RSV prevention program among the entire country in the next year. Further data on safety and effectiveness on full epidemic season will better explain the potential of this prevention programme.
Screening e comunicazione
Authors: Baronciani Dante
Published: April 2024

Confrontarsi con l’incertezza a partire dagli originali criteri per adottare uno screening che sono quelli del 1968 di Wilson e Jungner.
I primi anni contano
Authors: Tamburlini Giorgio
Published: April 2024

Mettere la prima infanzia al centro di un'Europa sociale
ՊԵՏԱԿԱՆ ՄԱՍՆԱԿՑՈՒԹՅԱՄԲ ԸՆԿԵՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆՆԵՐԻ ԳՈՒՅՔԻ ՈՉ ԱՐԴՅՈՒՆԱՎԵՏ ԿԱՌԱՎԱՐՄԱՆ ՀԵՏԵՎԱՆՔՆԵՐԸ
Authors: Mamikonyan K.H. , Stepanyan L.S.
Published: April 2024

Հաշվի առնելով պետական գույքի, այդ թվում՝ ընկերությունների պետությանը պատկանող բաժնետոմսերի մասնավորեցման և օտարման գործընթացների Հայաստանի Հանրապետությունում մինչ այժմ տնտեսագիտական և իրավական տեսանկյունից չկարգավորված և խնդրահարույց հարցերը, սույն հոդվածում ներկայացվել են նշված ոլորտների իրավական կարգավորումները շրջանցելու հնարավորությունների վերաբերյալ որոշակի հետազոտությունների արդյունքներ: Վերոնշյալ խնդիրների հետ կապված ֆինանսատնտեսագիտական բազմաթիվ փորձաքննությունների նշանակումն արդեն իսկ խոսում է այն մասին, որ մասնավորեցման և օտարման գործարքներից մի շոշափելի մաս ենթադրաբար իրականացվել են օրենսդրական իրավակարգավորումների շրջանցումներով, կամ որոնց դեպքում անկնհայտ են տնտեսական հանցագործությունների բնորոշումներ:
Բանալի բառեր. պետական գույք, պետական մասնակցությամբ ընկերություն, բաժնետոմսեր, մասնավորեցում, պետական գույքի կառավարում։
“Filosofía” y “saber” en el contexto de la modernidad y postmodernidad: una reflexión filosófica desde el “topos” científico
Authors: Urbina Neida
Published: April 2024

El conjunto del saber en la modernidad, ha tenido como característica principal la fragmentación disciplinar. Tanto los saberes humanísticos como los saberes científicos, revelaron un estado de crisis que les conduciría a rigurosas reformulaciones al plantear problemas sobre su unidad o diferenciación en la ya conocida comúnmente postmodernidad. Hoy día, en uno de los momentos de máxima globalización cultural, a través del desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías, enfrentamos todavía una serie de paradojas y perplejidades originadas a partir de tal hecho histórico. Desde nuestra consideración, el papel que ha jugado la relación entre la filosofía y la ciencia, es un ejemplo fundamental de la separatividad o escisión de los saberes en Occidente. Temática necesaria, a ser tratada en los círculos universitarios sudamericanos que muestran un régimen de especialización y profesionalización de las diferentes ciencias. La siguiente exposición pretende mostrar lo antes aludido.
Leonardo y la filosofía de los milesios
Authors: Mattera Carlos
Published: April 2024

La amplitud del pensamiento de Leonardo permite hacer lecturas cruzadas con los primeros filósofos de modo muy preciso. Y es lo que intentaremos hacer acá. Será entonces el modo de conocer y la valoración de la naturaleza (φύσις) nuestro punto de partida, pues es lo que encontramos en el corazón del inicio de la filosofía y en la de Leonardo.
The Correlation between Visual Display Terminal (VDT) Use and Premature Presbyopia among The Office Workers
Authors: Amran  , Soemarko Dewi S. , Mardianto Umar , Ilyas Muhammad , Barliana Julie D.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The increased use of Visual Display Terminals (VDTs) allows close work with continuous screen gazing during working hours. Close work forces the eyes to accommodate resulting in contraction of the ciliary system. This sustained contraction will lead to ciliary system weakness, making close work a risk factor for premature presbyopia. Methods: The research design was cross sectional. It was conducted on employees of health centers in Bekasi district who were under 40 years old with more than 1 year of service as employees and had used VDT for at least 1 year. Employees filled out an interview form voluntarily then the answers would be verified according to presbyopia and finally measured the amplitude of accommodation for respondents who met the presbyopia criteria. The research was carried out throughout December 2023. The collected data were statistically processed using the SPSS 26 application tool.Results: Of the 100 respondents who filled out the interview form and then verified and measured, 22 people (22%) had premature presbyopia. Age (p-value 0.014), type of VDT (p-value 0.049) and habit of working with VDT for 1 hour non-stop (p-value 0.016) were associated with premature presbyopia because they had a p-value <0.05. Based on multivariate test, the factor of working with 1 hour non-stop VDT was the only factor with p-value 0.018 and OR 3.78995% CI 1.255-11.445.Conclusion: There is an association of VDT use with the incidence of premature presbyopia in office workers by 22%. With the most significant influence owned by the factor of working with VDT 1 hour non-stop.
Predictive Modeling for Cardiovascular Disease in Patients Based on Demographic and Biometric Data
Authors: Babalola Abayomi Danlami , Akingbade Kayode Francis , Olakunle Daniel
Published: April 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading global cause of death, highlighting the urgent need for accurate risk assessment and prediction tools. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising approach for CVD risk prediction, offering the potential to capture complex relationships between clinical and biometric data and patient outcomes. This study explores the application of support vector machines (SVMs), ensemble learning, and artificial neural networks (NNs) for predictive modeling of CVD in patients. The study utilizes a comprehensive dataset comprising demographic and biometric data of patients, including age, gender, blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and body mass index, features. SVMs, ensemble learning, and NNs are employed to construct predictive models based on these data. The performance of each model is evaluated using metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC). The results demonstrate that all three models achieve accuracy performance in predicting CVD events, with AUC values ranging from 0.85 to 0.92. Ensemble learning exhibits the highest overall accuracy, while SVM and ANN demonstrate strengths in specific aspects of prediction. The study concludes that Machine learning algorithms, particularly ensemble learning, hold significant promise for improving CVD risk assessment. The integration of ML-based predictive models into demographic practice can facilitate early intervention, personalized treatment strategies, and improved patient outcomes.
Exploring discarded pea peels as potential source of phytochemicals and evaluation of antifungal potential of pea peel extract
Authors: Maryam Zahra  , Aeysha Sultan  , Khalid Mahmood  , Noreen Sajjad  , Farhana Amman
Published: April 2024

The rapid increase in global waste generation necessitates innovative strategies for waste valorization. Inspired by recent reports that indicate the potential of waste as source of fine chemicals, this research paper focused on harnessing phytochemicals and cellulose from pea peels (PPs) and evaluating their antifungal properties. Different protocols were used to quantify 11the amount of carbohydrates, proteins, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, and chlorophyll from the discarded pea peels. Our findings indicated that PPs contain 20% proteins, 24.52% chlorophyll, 70% flavonoids, 12% ascorbic acid and 70% carbohydrates. Our findings were found to be consistent with those reported in literature; however, the quantitative analysis of ascorbic acid for PPs is being reported for the first time by us. This phytochemical profile of PPs indicates that this waste is full of useful phytochemicals and can be explored as source of nutraceutical and fine chemicals.

PPs were also used for cellulose extraction and for this purpose three different strategies that yielded different results.  One strategy that was devised by us yielded superior yield that that reported in literature with added advantage of lesser consumption of chemical reagents and facile protocol involved.

The methanolic and aqueous PPs extract were also screened for its antifungal potential against two fungal strains: Penicillium and Aspergillus niger. Our findings indicate that extracts showed significant antifungal potential at higher concentration. However, aqueous extract showed superior activity.

The findings of this word offer dual solution to pressing issues: waste valorization and natural antimicrobial development. The study's outcomes can revolutionize waste management practices, encouraging the utilization of kitchen waste for valuable compounds. Simultaneously, the development of natural antimicrobial agents contributes to the fight against fungal infections and food spoilage without harming the environment.
Synthesis, Structural characterization, and Alkaline phosphatase inhibition studies of transition metal complexes of (e)-4-((3,5-dichlorophenyl) amino)-4-oxobut-2-enoic acid
Authors: Khurram Shahzad Munawar  , Afshan Rizwan  , Syed Mustansar Abbas  , Shabbir Hussain
Published: April 2024

Ligand, its sodium salt and four new metals (Zn (II), Cu (II), VO(IV) and Cd (II)) carboxylate complexes have been prepared and characterized by FT-IR, conductometry, and UV-visible spectroscopy. The prepared compounds are pure and obtained in the solid state. They have sharp melting points and have good yield. FT-IR spectroscopy proved that carbonyl and amine groups are not involved in metal-ligand coordination. The ligand was coordinated through the carboxylic group upon complex formation. The molar conductance data reveals that the compounds exhibit non-electrolytic properties, primarily attributable to their notably low conductance values. A broad band in the FT-IR spectrum of copper complex represents the presence of water molecules. UV-visible spectral data proved that the synthesized compounds have shown π-π* and n-π* transitions, which indicated that all the compounds are aromatic. Various concentrations of the synthesized compounds were employed to investigate their inhibitory effect on the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzyme, conclusively demonstrating their ability to inhibit its activity.
Agentive Modals and Agentive Modality
Authors: Kearl Timothy , Wallace Robert H.
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we consider recent attempts to metaphysically explain agentive modality in terms of conditionals. We suggest that the best recent accounts face counterexamples, and more worryingly, they take some agentive modality for granted. In particular, the ability to perform basic actions features as a primitive in these theories. While it is perfectly acceptable for a semantics of agentive modal claims to take some modality for granted in getting the extension of action claims correct, a metaphysical explanation of agentive modality cannot, at least not in the way that conditional approaches to agentive modality do. We argue that this problem was present even in the classical conditional analysis. By a pessimistic induction, we suggest that, probably, no conditional approach to agentive modality will succeed.
On Relativizing the Sensitivity Condition to Belief-Formation Methods
Authors: Zhao Bin
Published: April 2024

According to the sensitivity account of knowledge, S knows that p only if S's belief in p is sensitive in the sense that S would not believe that p if p were false. It is widely accepted that the sensitivity condition should be relativized to belief-formation methods to avoid putative counterexamples. A remaining issue for the account is how belief-formation methods should be individuated. In this paper, I argue that while a coarse-grained individuation is still susceptible to counterexamples, a fine-grained individuation makes the target belief trivially insensitive. Therefore, there is no principled way of individuating belief-formation methods that helps the sensitivity account to accommodate different cases.
Thomson 50 Years Later
Authors: Crozat Elliott R.
Published: April 2024

Approximately 50 years have passed since Judith Jarvis Thomson wrote A Defense of Abortion (1971). Her article has significantly shaped the philosophical literature on abortion. In this paper, I will summarize some of the interesting and important work done on the topic since Thomson's article. I will highlight Thomson as a defender of the claim that abortion is morally permissible and Don Marquis as an influential opponent of that claim. I will start by articulating Thomson's case, focusing on the violinist analogy. I will underscore key questions, concepts, and objections the analogy raises. I will then examine briefly how philosophers have addressed some of these issues. Next, I will outline Marquis’ work, provide a similar commentary on it, and discuss some of its main responses. I will then survey other philosophers who have addressed abortion beyond the scope of providing specific replies to Thomson or Marquis. I will close by highlighting significant points of agreement and disagreement in the literature, as well as crucial gaps in the current research. The paper is not an attempt to address every work on the topic over the last five decades, nor is it aimed at taking a position on the moral permissibility of abortion. My goal is to provide an overview of the dialectic.
The History of the Polish Collection and Programming at the Chicago Public Library
Authors: Zakrzewska Maria
Published: April 2024

This paper discusses the history of the Polish book collection at the Chicago Public Library (CPL) from the time the Foreign Language Section (FOL) in the main library was established, until the present. The author has used both primary and secondary sources. Many of them are archival materials still unpublished (FOL Annual Report Bulletin from the Office of the Librarian, etc.) and stored in the Special Collections and Preservation Division at the Harold Washington Library Center (HWLC) in Chicago. The names of many dedicated librarians who have worked and are working now at FOL are provided. The article tries to answer the question: How did they help new immigrants to adjust to the American way of life? A considerable part of this paper is devoted to the programming aimed at Chicago's Polish community. These programs took place at CPL from its beginning, but more were scheduled in the 1970s and the 1980s, when American libraries begin to promote multiculturalism and diversity. The establishment of the Polish American Services Committee (PASC) in 1995, which was organized and continues to function to the present time, is also covered.
Penanaman Karakter Religius dan Karakter Disiplin Melalui Pembiasaan Sholat Dhuha Di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Authors: Danuwara Prima , Giyoto Giyoto
Published: April 2024

This research aims to describe (1) the cultivation of religious character and discipline through the habit of Duha prayer at Mi Muhammadiyah Karangduren Sawit Boyolali, (2) the values ??contained in the religious character and discipline character that exist in the habit of Duha prayer. The research is qualitative research with field research to find out about cultivating religious character and disciplined character through the practice of dhuha prayers at Mi Muhammadiyah Karangduren. The subject of this research is the Mi Muhammadiyah Karangduren teacher. Data collection in this research used interviews, observation, and documentation. then, the data analysis used is data reduction, presenting the data, and drawing conclusions. The results of this research show that cultivating religious character and discipline can be implemented through the practice of Dhuha prayers as has been implemented at Mi Muhammadiyah Karangduren Sawit. The religious character that is instilled through congregational dhuha prayers contains several values, such as the value of honesty which is reflected when students come to the madrasah and have not performed ablution, meaning they must first perform ablution with self-awareness. Divine values ??are symbolized by the differences that exist, but the students remain side by side, straightening their rows and prostrating themselves together to Allah. As well as instilling istiqomah in students to participate in the dhuha prayer from start to finish dhikr and memorizing Asmaul Husna without disturbing their friends and the value of cooperation that exists when preparing a place for dhuha prayer even though the schedule is given in grades 4-6. Then the character of discipline is instilled, such as discipline regarding the time at which students arrive before the Duha prayer begins, namely 07.00, and discipline in carrying out tasks according to the assignment.
Multiple Shoot Induction from Apical Buds of mature Semul (Bombax ceiba L.)
Authors: Vaidya Kanchan , Bansal Y.
Published: April 2024

Multiple shoots (8-45) were obtained from apical bud explants of mature B. ceiba L. on woody plant medium supplemented with Naphthalene acetic acid (2.68 mM) in combination with Benzyl amino purine (22.19 mM). Shoots were elongated on WPM augmented with BAP (0.44 mM) and Adenine sulphate (5 mg/l). In vitro multiplied shoots could be rooted on medium containing Indole butyric acid (2.46 mM), BAP (0.44 mM) and 2% sucrose. Plantlets were hardened and transferred to pots containing sand and soil (1:1), acclimatized and have been established in field.
Advancements and Future Directions in Machine Learning for Medical Diagnostics: A Comprehensive Review
Authors:   Department of Communications and Electronics, Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology (DHIET), Mansoura 35111, Egypt, Basant Basant ,   Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA,   Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Delta University for Science and Technology, Mansoura 35111, Egypt,   Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA,   Computer Science and Intelligent Systems Research Center, Blacksburg 24060, Virginia, USA, Khodadadi Nima , khodadadi Ehsan , Eid Marwa M. , Towfek S. K.
Published: April 2024

Machine learning (ML) based techniques have enjoyed significant popularity in addressing the hostility of numerous problems in a range of applications, such as finance, marketing, production, environment, health care, and security. One of the most important distinctions between machine learning and human ways of thinking is their ability to observe patterns, make interpretations, reveal some hidden relationships, and analyze huge amounts of data. Machine learning (ML) technology can lead to improved specificity, sensitivity, predictability, and steadiness of such systems. Through this review, though, we will have an in-depth discourse on the application of machine learning in the field of medicine and how the latest technologies are mostly deployed in diagnostics. Medical applications that are widely used, including but not limited to machine learning solutions for medical chemistry, wearable sensors, cancer, the brain, and medical imaging, will be discussed in detail, with a focus on model adjustments to address the problems faced by the applications. In the course of the work, academics, practitioners, and decision-makers will have plenty of opportunities to utilize the findings, references, and insights of this study to improve their work and steer future research.
On the Concepts of Two- Fold Fuzzy Vector Spaces and Algebraic Modules
Authors:   Gaziantep University, Department of Mathematics, Gaziantep, Turkey, Ahmed Ahmed ,   Gaziantep University, Department of Mathematics, Gaziantep, Turkey, Olgun Necati
Published: April 2024

The concept of two-fold algebras is generated by merging some special sets such as fuzzy sets, neutrosophic sets or plithogenic sets with various algebraic structures. The main objective of this research paper is to provide a strict mathematical definition and a general study of two-fold fuzzy vector spaces defined over the real numbers and also two-fold fuzzy vector spaces defined over the complex numbers, as well as two-fold fuzzy algebraic modules defined over commutative rings with unity. The elementary properties and algebraic operations of those structures will be explained through many theorems and mathematical proofs.
The Relationship Between Teenagers Sleep Length and Short-term Visual Memory
Authors: Zhang Miao
Published: April 2024

Sleep is an essential factor that influences peoples regular life. People sometimes feel frustrated in their work or studies the next day when they did not sleep well the night before. It is an issue bothering people, and therefore, finding out the principles of how sleep affects body regulation is significant work scientists nowadays are doing. Studies have shown the potential relationship between sleep, memory, and cognitive functions. This paper aims to find the possible relationship between sleep length and cognitive functions, specifically visual short-term memory. In this research, the author designed a visual-short-term-memory test to identify the impact of sleep length on adolescents aged between 16 to 18 years olds memory performances. The participants showed their degree of short-term visual memory by identifying emotions and locations of faces on the screen that appears in only 15ms. The test results showed that sleep length and participants' visual short-term memory is related but not significant, and the relationship between sleep length and recognition of each emotion is not substantial.
Efforts Made by International Organizations in Facing Challenges to International Governance--Regulating Armed Conflict by the United Nations and Regional Organizations
Authors: Zhu Jenny
Published: April 2024

This paper will discuss the challenges that international organizations face in global governance. The contents will be divided into three parts. The first part will define global governance, and then explain the challenges that scholars believe will be faced in realizing global governance. The second part will introduce international organizations, divided into the United Nations and regional organizations, and will focus on the various organizations of the United Nations. Finally, the third part will analyze the Syrian civil war in combination with the previous part. The content of this article will focus on intervention in armed conflict.
Involvement of National Courts in the Recognition of Investor-state Dispute Settlement Awards--A Comparative Analysis of ICSID and UNCITRAL
Authors: Chu Haoxiang
Published: April 2024

This paper examines the differences between the ICSID Convention and the UNCITRAL mechanism regarding national court involvement in ISDS. While ICSID prohibits recourse to domestic courts and offers annulment mechanisms, UNCITRAL cases may involve federal courts interpreting tribunal decisions without institutional support and court discretion for vacating awards. The paper analyzes the involvement of national courts under ICSID and UNCITRAL, discusses the debate on rebalancing between states and foreign investors, and provides suggestions for reforming the ICSID. It also highlights challenges in enforcing arbitration awards and the potential risks of politicization in ISDS. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for a uniform and consistent approach to ensure legal coherence and effectiveness in ISDS.
Reexamining the Milgram Paradigm: Agentic Shift, Gender, and Obedience to Authority
Authors: Li Linzi
Published: April 2024

This paper derives from the classic Milgram Experiments and analyzes the correlation between gender and rates of obedience in relation to the agentic state. Milgrams results suggest that people tend to obey an authority even though the orders they receive are not ethical because they have entered agentic states, in which they do not feel responsible for their actions. Replications and alterations have been made to the original study over the decades, but few of them included gender as a variable and provided reliable data on gender difference. This 2*2 experiment is based on the design of Milgram, Srivastava and Raj, and aims to study the difference in obedience rates in female subjects in the presence of male or female experimenters and confederates. The predicted result of the study will indicate that female subjects are most likely to obey a male experimenter in the contexts of a female confederate. The author will also discuss the alternative results due to limitations in the experiment design and date collecting process.
Enhancing English Language Education in China Through Multimodal Literacy: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Xu Ruohan
Published: April 2024

The integration of technology into education has led to new opportunities for language learning and teaching, with the application of multimodal literacy in foreign language education gaining more attention. Multimodal literacy, combining different modes of meaning such as sounds and images, has become crucial for contemporary literacy development and learning. In China, where English proficiency is highly valued, implementing multimodal literacy in English language education has the potential to enhance students language learning experiences. This paper explores the development and impact of multimodal literacy in English language education within the Chinese mainland, focusing on the challenges and opportunities it presents to the educational system. The advantages of using multimodal literacy in English Language Teaching (ELT) are discussed, including its ability to improve students understanding, engagement, cross-cultural communication skills, and academic performance. However, challenges like the lack of multimodal resources and the possibility of neglecting higher-level thinking must be addressed. The paper suggests various countermeasures, such as enhancing the development and integration of multimodal resources, improving teacher training in multimodal teaching strategies, and implementing a multimodal teaching evaluation system. Embracing multimodal literacy in English language education can better prepare students to adapt to the digital eras advancements and contribute to enhancing the quality of education and teaching in China.
Educational Inequality in China (Mainland) from 2017 to 2021: Reasons and Solutions
Authors: You Wenshan
Published: April 2024

The aim of this article is to investigate the situation of educational inequality in China (Mainland) from 2017 to 2021. The data of this article is published by China's Ministry of Education. The author creates a unique method to calculate the special Gini Coefficients for those 31 provinces in China (Mainland). By comparing the results, it can be seen that the special Gini Coefficients of the Number of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), the Number of Educational Personnel in HEIs, and the Number of Compulsory Education (middle school and elementary schools) Institutions are on a moderately increasing trend while only the Special Gini Coefficient of the Condition of Fixed Assets in HEIs shows a slightly decreasing trend. Hence, the author concludes that educational inequality in China (Mainland) is worsening, especially after the pandemic. The author also provides two suggestions for the government to improve this situation.
Psychological Factors Contributing to Juvenile Delinquency: Exploring the Impact of Family Dynamics, Peer Influence, and Psychological Disorders, Implications for Factor Interactions and Intervention and Prevention Strategies
Authors: Chen Yanbing
Published: April 2024

Currently, juvenile delinquency is an increasingly serious problem. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to investigate the factors contributing to juvenile delinquency, focusing on the dynamics within the family, peer influence, and psychological barriers. This study combines research findings from different fields and identifies these three factors as not only significant causes of juvenile delinquency but also as interrelated factors. Various strategies for prevention and intervention related to these factors are summarized. Lastly, some flaws and limitations are highlighted. The aim of this article is to raise awareness about the causes of juvenile delinquency, enabling rational prevention and intervention measures.