bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern State of the Far East Federal District Foreign Trade with the Peoples Republic of China
Authors: Sukhodolov Yakov
Published: February 2020

The article considers modern specifics of development of foreign trade cooperation of the Far Eastern Federal District with the People’s Republic of China that is traditionally the main foreign trade partner of the region. The article provides statistical data on trade dynamics and the main tendencies for change of the goods structure of export-import operations between the Far Eastern Federal District with the People’s Republic of China. A perspective sector of developing trade and economic cooperation between the Far Eastern Federal District with the People’s Republic of China is increasing the intensity of processing of raw materials produced in the Irkutsk Region and first of all increasing the export of oil, gas and timber products, as well as maintaining a high share of engineering products in exports.
«The Shriveled Orient Made All Talk About Itself…»: China and Japan in Columns of the Newspaper «Vostochnoye Obozreniye» in the Last Quarter of 21th Century
Authors: Sevostyanova Yelena
Published: February 2020

The article examines the main plotlines and images of Japan and China in the end of 21th century which were modelled and translated to the reading public by one of the most accredited Siberia’s newspaper «Vostochnoye Obozreniye»(«Oriental Review»). The choice of the newspaper for the analysis is determined by three factors: its oriental trend, growing print run and popularity, participation of famous scientists, travelers, public figures in creating the content. In the newspaper editorial board, for the Russian periphery at the Asian border «in the interests of this very periphery it never hampers to learn the neighboring countries,» thus «increasing the horizons», “to renounce the hackneyed prejudices and the fear to be faulted for Asian barbarism». Materials about China and Japan were present almost in each issue, which testifies the newspaper’s permanent interest in the oriental neighbors of the Russian empire. With general eurocentrism of relations to Japan and China, a dichotomy was kept in regard of several plotlines: he militant and reformative potentials, the role in international policy. Depending on historical circumstances, some or other features grew stronger, often being hypertrophied in mass consciousness or, vice versa, «being dissolved» in generalized images and stereotypes of the oriental (Asian) world. The dichotomy of the Orient’s two images — the progressive, dynamically Europeanizing Japan and the fossilized, obstinate in its conservatism China — became a stable stereotype for «Vostochnoye Obozreniye», too. The government of Japan and the government of China were also contradistinguished in their reformative potentials and methods of governance. In general, the newspaper assessed the military, political, civil experience of the Japanese authorities more complementary than the Chinese governors and officials. The newspaper did nor model and did not translate the image of the enemy but took into account the potential geopolitical danger of the eastern neighbors.
Analytical Research of Creating Trans-border Zones of Economic Cooperation Between Russia and China
Authors: Tszoy Syutin
Published: February 2020

For Russia and China, creating trans-border parks is a lucrative opportunity. The both countries have not only safe political relations, long-term economic and trade exchanges, but they also possess steady support inside their countries and splendid basic conditions. In view of the features and advantages of opening trans-border territories of the two countries, as well as on the basis of developing trans-border trade zones and zones of trans-border economic cooperation, the Russo-Chinese zone of the trans-border economic cooperation will perform specific customs surveillance with creating favorable terms for industrial cooperation and implementation of bilateral filling-up of the trans-border areas by means of matching of the trans-border areas as well as for increasing the development of the region.
Authorities of Zabaikalye Oblast and Chinese Immigrants: Early XX Century
Authors: Kosykh Vladimir
Published: February 2020

The paper examines interrelations developed between various authorities of Zabaikalye Oblast and Chinese immigrants who arrived here in early XX century. The author analyses the causes that had motivated the subjects of the Heavenly Empire to appear on the territory of the Russian Empire. The paper shows that the Chinese arrived here due to the simplest reason — in order to provide for their families, that had stayed at home, and with any luck, to open their businesses in Zabaikalye, like their compatriots who had settled down in Russia. The article underlines that the Chinese absolutely took up any job, being not above the most unskilled labor, what’s more, for the same payment the Russians would refuse. In the author's opinion, they made great strides in market gardening as they constantly surprised the Zabaikalye people with their coming out with fresh vegetables to be bought up quickly. Many subjects of the Heavenly Empire labored at the Zabaikalye gold workings, construction sites, including the Zabaikalye railway road, engaged in trade, marketing the products carried out from the motherland. They leased patches of land from local population, doing market gardening. One may believe that such industriousness could win respect of the Zabaikalye people. The truth was that interrelations of the authorizes with part of the Chinese evidently did not develop. Their major mass arrived to Zabaikalye and lived here with their national passports or residence permits, issued by Russian consulates in China or on the place of their stay and living. The Chinese were supposed to have similar documents constantly with them. But not all Chinese arrived legally: part of them penetrated without permitting documents, which caused headaches to civil servant of the Russia’ Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to the military and civil authorities of Siberia, Zabaikalye, Primorye, who saw «yellow danger» in it. Those having no passports or residence permits were not allowed to pass through the border or sent back to China, they were forbidden (since 1910) to be hired for state-owned jobs.
Main Directions of Chinese Policy in the Arctic Region
Authors: Pecheritsa Vladimir , Ley Shauang
Published: February 2020

The increase of the Arctic’s energy status and specific economic and strategic importance of the Arctic sea lanes attract attention of many countries, including rapidly developing China. The article investigates in detail the directions of the Beijing arctic strategy, making an emphasis on analysis of the real and possible intentions of the Heavenly Empire China in this region. It shows that the economic and, above all, the energy interests are priorities in China's arctic strategy. The logistics and transport capabilities of the Arctic also arouse an increased interest of China. China has the most active and differentiated research program for studying the Arctic in order to respond to the negative effects of the climate transformations caused by arctic ice melting. This determines the active participation of Beijing in various international scientific and expert discussions on the Arctic's problems. The government of China considers the international legal activity to clarify and institutionalize the legal status of the Arctic as the most important task for itself in the Arctic race.
Efeito do método de Pilates em pacientes com esclerose múltipla: uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Cordeiro André Luiz , Lima Elizabete Santos , Mota Larrana Firmo Almeida , Barros Roberto Moreno
Published: February 2020

INTRODUÇÃO: A esclerose múltipla (EM) é uma doença autoimune degenerativa, com incidência desigualmente distribuída em todo o mundo. O método Pilates tem grande relevância no tratamento de pacientes com EM aumentando a capacidade funcional e contribuindo para uma melhoria significativa na qualidade de vida. OBJETIVO: Revisar sistematicamente o efeito do Pilates em pacientes com esclerose múltipla. MÉTODOS: Revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados, analisados por dois revisores independentes, conforme recomendado pela plataforma Prisma nas bases de dados PubMed e Cochrane Library. Foram incluídos estudos originais utilizando o método Pilates sobre a força muscular, fadiga e equilíbrio em pacientes com EM. A escala de Cochane foi usada para analisar a qualidade metodológica e a análise de risco de viés. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídos cinco estudos publicados entre 2014 e 2017. O Método Pilates interveio na melhora da fadiga, equilíbrio e força muscular, quando comparado a outros grupos onde exercícios físicos e fisioterapia padrão foram aplicados em pacientes com EM. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que o método Pilates é uma opção eficaz para o tratamento da funcionalidade em pacientes com esclerose múltipla.
MOĞOLLAR, ALTIN ORDA VE İLHANLI DEVLETLERİ DÖNEMİNDE ORTAÇAĞ'DA KARADENİZ TİCARETİ
Authors: GÜLER Önder
Published: February 2020

1235 yada 1237 yılında toplanan Moğol kurultayında alınan karara göre Don nehri ile Karadeniz kıyısındaki bazı toprakların fethi kararlaştırılarak, Tuna nehri aşağısındaki topraklar Cuci ulusu adını alan Orda’ya dahil edildi. Nitekim Cengiz Han’ın ölümünden sonra da oğulları ve torunları tarafından onun fütuhatını devam ettirilerek, hakim olunan topraklar üzerinde çeşitli hanlıkların kurulması ile büyük bir Moğol-Türk Hakanlığı kuruldu. Dolayısıyla Cengiz’in torunlarından Hülagü’nün, İran, Gürcistan ve Anadolu topraklarını hakimiyeti altına alarak kurduğu İlhanlılar Devleti, Batu tarafından da Deşt-i Kıpçak, Kırım, İdil ve Kafkasların kuzeyinde elde edilen hakimiyetler neticesinde kurulan Altın Ordu Hanlığı, Karadeniz ve çevresinde siyasi ve ekonomik olarak faaliyet gösteren Cengiz’in torunlarının kurduğu önemli devletlerdendi. Özellikle de XIII. yüzyılın ortalarına doğru Karadeniz’in kuzey ve güneyindeki bazı topraklar, Moğolların bu iki önemli hanlığı tarafından idare edildi. Dolayısıyla bizde Moğol kurultayından çıkan bu karar sayesinde Moğollar ve onun soyundan olan grupların Karadeniz kıyılarına inerek, deniz ile tanışmaları ve Karadeniz üzerinden kara ve deniz ticaretine yaptıkları katkılarını incelemeye çalıştık.
Active Avoidance protocol 01282020 v1
Authors: Macheda Teresa , Snider Henry , B. Watson James , N. Roberts Kelly , D Bachstetter Adam
Published: February 2020

Active Avoidance Test Using Shock as unconditioned stimulus Active avoidance is a widely-used paradigm to evaluate fear-motivated associative learning and memory. The Gemini shuttle box was used to perform the active avoidance test. In the active avoidance behavior, a subject is trained to avoid an aversive unconditioned stimulus (US), by associating the conditioned stimulus (CS: light and/or auditory tone) with the foot-shock (US). Over repeated trials, the subject learns that to avoid the foot-shock (US) it must shuttle between chambers when the warning cue (CS) is presented. Learning performance is evaluated by analysis of avoidance behavior during the test. Five days test: The mouse will be placed in the dark box with the guillotine door open, free to explore both sides of the chamber for 5 minutes. Then a cue -house light (1864 lux)- will be presented for 10 seconds. The mouse could step into the safe side (no shock delivered), otherwise a foot shock would be delivered (e.g. 0.2 mA, 2 sec). The mouse will be exposed to 50 trials/day (ITT 30±5 sec) for a total of 5 days. CS opposite side of US side. Habituation=300 sec CS= housing light, 10 sec US= 0.2 mA (e.g. ) shock, 2 sec ITT=30±5 sec # Trials= 50 # days=5
La Imagen Pensativa
Authors: Garlo Miriam
Published: February 2020

Visual essay and contemporary practices in the Spanish state. 16 looks at video art.
QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPERIENCING THE FEELING OF GUILT
Authors: Ananova I. V.
Published: February 2020

The article proposes to describe feeling of guilt through the quantitative characteristics of experiencing this emotion. The modern approaches to understanding the functional certainty of emotion of guilt are analyzed and it is noted that the functionalist approach is a perspective direction of scientific search. The elaboration of the problem of research of quantitative characteristics of the feeling of guilt in modern psychology is analyzed and it is offered to consider quantitative characteristics as criteria of evaluation of functional transformation of the feeling of guilt from social-adaptive emotion to destructive experience.
To determine the quantitative characteristics of experiencing the feeling of guilt as an empirical toolkit, author’s methods were used that allow to subjectively evaluate experiencing the emotion of guilt: author’s interview, modified version of Dembo-Rubinstein’s method and author’s questionnaire “Experiencing the feeling of guilt” (EFG).
The results of empirical research are presented, which show that the quantitative characteristics of feeling of guilt, namely, duration, intensity, frequency and ease of occurrence, significance, subjective difficulty, habit of experiencing – determine the nature of experiencing this emotion and related to this aspect of experiencing the feeling of guilt as an interest in others. It is established that quantitative characteristics of experiencing the feeling of guilt differentiate persons by the tendency to feel guilty, and the criteria for such differentiation are revealed. According to the analysis of the interviews the quantitative characteristics of the feeling of guilt, such as the frequency of occurrence, duration and subjective difficulty of the experiencing are substantially evaluated and characterized. Quantitative characteristics have been shown to be relevant to the dynamics of experiencing the feeling of guilt. It is revealed that the duration of experiencing is determined by the nature of the evaluation of the guilt, the circumstances of the situation, the orientation on interaction with another and the situation of such interaction, the actions of overcoming or self-sedation, the apology, the nature of the attitude to oneself, the intensity and depth of the emotional experiencing, the general emotional state; and that the difficulty of experiencing the feeling of guilt induces constructive actions or protective ways of behaving.
A trial of the use of perfusion computed tomography of the brain in combination with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of blood vessels in patients with acute cerebrovascular accident
Authors: Valeeva K G , Perminova S K , Nazipova A Ya , Kurochkin S V , Yakupova A A
Published: February 2020

Aim. Assessment of cerebral blood flow in various vascular beds in patients with an acute cerebrovascular accident in the acute period by perfusion computed tomography in combination with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of cerebral vessels.

Methods. Data was analyzed from perfusion computed tomography of the brain and transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in 35 patients with an acute cerebrovascular accident, based at the vascular centre of the City Clinical Hospital No. 7 of Kazan. The study included 18 (51.4%) women and 17 (48.6%) men who had arrived in the first hours after a vascular accident. When analyzing the stroke subtype, atherothrombotic subtype was determined in 27 (77.1%) patients, cardioembolic subtype in 5 (14.3%) patients, and 3 (8.6%) patients had had a transient ischemic attack.

Results. Perfusion computed tomography is a method that allowed evaluation of the structure of the brain, and blood supply to the anterior cerebral (in 2.9% of the studied patients), middle cerebral (in 62.9% of the studied patients), posterior cerebral (in 11.4% of the studied patients) and vertebral (in 14.2% of the studied patients) arteries of patients with a stroke. The method revealed a zone of critical perfusion (ischemic penumbra) by quantitatively processing perfusion indicators in the anterior cerebral blood flow system (decrease in rate and increase in average volume of cerebral blood flow and average transit time) and in the posterior cerebral circulation system (decrease in blood flow and prolongation of transit time) in the bed of the right vertebral artery). The method also aided the construction of perfusion maps. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of cerebral vessels revealed breaches in the cerebral circulation: a decrease in the linear velocity of blood flow in the right middle cerebral arterial bed and in the posterior circulatory system of blood flow in the brain, and an increase in the pulsatility index in all the studied vascular beds.

Conclusion. Perfusion computed tomography of the brain in combination with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography is applicable to patients with stroke in various vascular beds, followed by determination of indications for thrombolytic therapy and thrombectomy.
Effect of oxidative stress on endothelium in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes ­mellitus
Authors: Mammadova F I
Published: February 2020

Aim. To estimate the severity of endothelial dysfunction and effects of nitric oxide, thiol status and cystatin on the progression of chronic heart failure and chronic heart failure in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Methods. 80 patients (men and women) with chronic heart failure were included. All patients were divided into two groups: the first group 39 patients with chronic heart failure, the second 41 people with chronic heart failure and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The control group consists of 20 healthy donors. To obtain statistically significant differences with the control group the minimum sample size for observations was determined based on the target variance of a small sample (n=10). The lipid profile and carbohydrate metabolism, endothelin-1, cystatin, nitric oxide were evaluated. Statistical processing was performed using Microsoft Office Excel and IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software.

Results. Changes in lipid metabolism were found in both groups, while an increase in carbohydrate metabolism was observed in patients with chronic heart failure with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Under conditions of oxidative stress in patients with chronic heart failure, a decrease in the content of thiol status and an increase in the amount of nitric oxide in the blood serum were recorded. The endothelin-1 level was elevated, particularly in the second group, which indicates a more serious endothelial dysfunction with increased glucose content in patients with chronic heart failure.

Conclusion. The level of cystatin C as an atherogenic risk factor was equally increased in the studied patients, possibly it affected by the rate of disease progression; feasible to use these markers to detect the progression of chronic heart failure in the early stages.
Features of coronary artery patterns and percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome and stable angina in patients aged below 40 years
Authors: Abdullaev F Z , Babaev N M , Shikhieva L S
Published: February 2020

Aim. To study the features of risk profile, coronary artery patterns, and percutaneous coronary intervention in patients aged below 40 years with acute coronary syndrome and stable angina.

Methods. 208 patients with coronary artery disease aged below 40 years were examined: 51 (24.5%) patients aged 35 years and younger and 157 (75.5%) aged 3640 years. 98 (47.1%) patients were admitted with acute coronary syndrome; 110 (52.9%) patients with stable angina. In groups of acute coronary syndrome and stable angina, myocardial infarction in past medical history was revealed in 23.5% and 36.4%, respectively. 165 patients underwent percutaneous coronary intervention: 84 (50.9%) with acute coronary syndrome; 81 (40.1%) with stable angina.

Results. Patients with stable angina differed by prevalence of myocardial infarction in past medical history, overweight, and family history of coronary artery disease. In group of acute coronary syndrome urban cohort prevailed as well as consumption of energy drinks among patients below 35 years; high prevalence of left ventricular dysfunction. Patients with acute coronary syndrome were characterized by involvement of one and three coronary arteries, and patients with stable angina by pathology of two and three coronary arteries. Involvement of three coronary arteries was equal in both groups. In both groups, anterior interventricular artery was target coronary artery. Patients with stable angina had the same rate of right coronary artery and left circumflex artery involvement. In patients with stable angina, right coronary artery involvement was rarer, and left main coronary artery involvement was two times more frequent than in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The group with acute coronary syndrome was characterized by predominance of discrete lesions and coronary occlusions over diffuse lesions; and the group of stable angina by diffuse lesions, and two-times less frequent coronary occlusions.

Conclusion. Among patients with acute coronary syndrome aged below 36 years, revascularization of right coronary artery was predominant, and among patients aged 3640 years with acute coronary syndrome revascularization of left circumflex artery.
Endothelial dysfunction and impaired lymphatic drainage of the heart in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in diabetes
Authors: Aliyev M Kh , Mamedzade A I , Agamaliev U Dzh , Zhakhverdiyev G G , Aliyeva Dzh T , Hadzhiyeva S I
Published: February 2020

Aim. To study the role of activation of lipid peroxidation and endothelial dysfunction in disorders of lymphatic coagulation and lymphatic drainage of the heart in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus.

Methods. The experiments were performed on 25 rabbits. To simulate diabetes mellitus, animals were injected intraperitoneally with streptozotocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Indicators of lipid peroxidation, coagulation, and endothelial dysfunction were examined in lymph obtained by draining the thoracic lymphatic duct. We also examined the state of lymphatic drainage of tissues at the level of the thoracic lymphatic duct and at the level of the heart, before and after inducing diabetes.

Results. On the 5th day after inducing diabetes mellitus, the concentration of diene conjugates in lymph exceeded the initial level by 66.6% (p 0.001), and the concentration of malondialdehyde increased by more than 2.6 times (p 0.001); 30 min later these indicators of diene conjugates and malondialdehyde exceeded the initial values by 3.2 and 2.2 times, respectively (p 0.001), and the concentration of reduced glutathione decreased by 73.8% (p 0.001). At the same time, the indicators of lymph coagulation, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time, were shortened by 42.2 and 32.9%, respectively (p 0.01). The rate of lymphatic drainage from the thoracic duct decreased by 81.8% (p 0.01). Such dynamics persisted throughout the experiment. The duration of the removal of a lymphotropic dye from the heart at stage I was increased on the 30th and 60th days of the study by 28.1% (p 0.05) and 57.9% (p 0.001), respectively. At stage II, this indicator decreased, starting from the 2nd month of the experiment it exceeded the initial level by 22.2% (p 0.05), and subsequently by 32.7% (p 0.001)

Conclusion. The activation of lipid peroxidation and intravascular coagulation of lymph, followed by inhibition of lymphatic drainage of tissues at the level of the thoracic lymphatic duct, especially the heart, creates favourable conditions for the accumulation of toxic products of impaired metabolism in the myocardium, contributing to the development of cardiovascular complications.
Pregnancy complications in type 1 diabetes mellitus in combination with urinary tract infections with various treatment options
Authors: Alekseenko I V , Ivanova L A
Published: February 2020

Aim. To assess the frequency of pregnancy complications in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus and without diabetes combined with urinary infection and the effect of various treatment options for urinary infection on the frequency of pregnancy complications in type 1 diabetes.

Methods. Pregnant women with urinary tract infection were examined: 110 people with type 1 diabetes (main group) and 133 women without diabetes (comparison group). The diagnosis of urinary infection was confirmed by a double bacteriological culture. Patients of the main group were divided into three subgroups depending on the method of treatment of urinary tract infection: subgroup A received antibiotic therapy and phytopreparation (Centaurium + Lovage root + Rosemary leaves), subgroup Б received antibiotic therapy, subgroup B received phytopreparation. After treatment, the preservation of pregnancy complications such as the threat of miscarriage, proteinuria, intrauterine infection of fetus, anemia, premature birth, which developed on a background of urinary tract infection, was evaluated. The significance of differences in groups was evaluated using the Pearson chi-square tests, and the effectiveness of each type of therapy was evaluated using the McNemar test.

Results. The risk of miscarriage, intrauterine infection, anemia, and premature birth was higher in pregnant women of main group with all types of urinary infection, preeclampsia with pyelonephritis, and asymptomatic bacteriuria. Both complex therapy of pyelonephritis (antibiotics with phytopreparation) and monotherapy with antibiotics were effective in eliminating the threat of miscarriage, intrauterine infection and anemia. Adding herbal medicine to antibiotic therapy for pyelonephritis reduced the preterm birth rate compared with antibiotic monotherapy, and other complications did not reveal differences between subgroups. In asymptomatic bacteriuria, complex therapy and monotherapy with antibiotics were effective in eliminating the threat of miscarriage, intrauterine infection and anemia. Monotherapy with a phytopreparation in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes did not lead to the elimination of these complications. Combination therapy asymptomatic bacteriuria was more effective than antibiotic monotherapy in terms of the effect on preterm delivery and equally effective in terms of the threat of miscarriage, intrauterine infection and anemia.

Conclusion. Adding phytopreparation to antibiotic therapy for pyelonephritis and asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus to prevent premature birth seems appropriate; monotherapy of asymptomatic bacteriuria with a phytopreparation is ineffective for eliminating the threat of miscarriage, intrauterine infection, anemia, therefore antibiotics should be prescribed at the beginning of therapy for asymptomatic bacteriuria.
The main arterial vessels of pancreatic isthmus and their importance in surgery
Authors: Tarasenko S V , Tarakanov P V , Natalskiy A A , Pavlov A V , Dronova E A
Published: February 2020

Aim. To optimize the ways of cross-section of the pancreas in its isthmus, taking into account the topography of the main arteries of this area.

Methods. 43 organocomplexes representing pancreas with duodenum were studied. Injection mass was injected into arterial vessels with subsequent fixation in 4% formalin solution and final preparation of complexes. The main arteries of the isthmus of the pancreas, their places of origin and topography were evaluated.

Results. The main arteries of the isthmus of the pancreas are the peripancreatic artery and the additional artery of the isthmus of the pancreas. Peripancreatic artery was observed in 97.67% of cases; it departed from the dorsal pancreatic artery in 93% of cases, from the third branch of the splenic artery in 7% of cases. The diameter at the point of departure was 1.610.12 mm. In 95.3%, the artery passed along the lower edge of pancreatic isthmus. The peripancreatic artery was connected to the gastroduodenal artery or its branches. The diameter of peripancreatic artery at the junction was 1.550.1 mm. An additional artery of the isthmus of the pancreas was found in 93% of cases. In 76.74% it departed from the basin of the dorsal pancreatic artery, in 9.3% from another branch of the splenic artery, in 13.95% directly from the splenic artery itself. The diameter at the point of departure was 1.060.1 mm. It passed along the upper edge of pancreatic isthmus and connected to the pool of the gastroduodenal artery. The diameter at the junction was 0.980.1 mm. The diameter of peripancreatic artery was 1.950.05 mm in the trunk type versus 1.480.05 mm in the branched type of blood supply. The diameter of the additional artery of the isthmus of the pancreas had no pronounced changes depending on the type of blood supply to the pancreas.

Conclusion. The topography of the main arteries of the isthmus of the pancreas is constant and does not depend on their diameter and place of origin. The most vascularized zones of the isthmus of the pancreas are its lower and upper edges.
Functional matrix of administrative processes in medical organizations and expert assessment of their labor input
Authors: Mendel S A , Berseneva E A
Published: February 2020

Aim. To assess the complexity of administrative-economic (auxiliary) business-processes in a medical organization based on functional work matrices.

Methods. Using the process approach, the composition of auxiliary business-processes of a medical organization was determined and functional matrices were developed. These included the designation of the work (of the components of the process), the frequency, and the performers of the process. The assessment of the complexity of processes and the components (of the work) was carried out using expert methods and a method of functional-cost analysis. Questioning of the members of the working groups on the development of functional matrices of processes was carried out to assess the complexity of each process and its components. The final grade was based on the calculation of the arithmetic mean except for answers that lay outside three standard deviations from the originally calculated arithmetic mean. The work was carried out in the The Clinical Hospital of the Federal Public Health Institution The Medical Sanitary Unit of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia for the city of Moscow, Moscow, Russia, in 20172019.

Results. In the course of the research, 30 supporting business-processes were identified. For each auxiliary business-process, a functional matrix of the work was developed with an assessment of its labour intensiveness. This article provides a functional matrix for business-processes for the organization of internal meetings with an assessment of the labour-intensiveness of the work included in the business-processes, and the results of the assessment of the labour-intensiveness of all the identified business-processes (without working out the components of specific works in detail).

Conclusion. A methodological processes approach using functional matrices of work and a functional-cost analysis expert method can be used to assess: the labour-intensiveness of a business-process; the appearance of the most labour-intensive areas of the work; the definition of the main directions for their optimisation. The main problem in studying methodological approaches in the daily practical work of medical organisations is their labour-intensiveness.
Features of social and hygienic factors of young primiparаs
Authors: Shchetinina N A , Lavlinskaya L I , Lavlinskaya T A , Chernykh E A
Published: February 2020

Aim. To assess the health status of young primiparae by studying the basic social and hygienic and demographic factors.

Methods. The study involved 48 female patients of the women's consultation office registered with the pregnancy. The age ranged from 12 to 17 years, and averaged 15.71.4 years. We distinguished three clusters allowing to divide young primiparae into study groups: young 1213 years (n=15; 31.2%), middle 1415 years (n=20; 41.7%) and senior 1617 years old (n=13; 27.1%). The gestational age of young primiparae averaged 12.34.5 weeks. We conducted an anonymous survey of young primiparae, which included questions regarding the social hygienic and demographic factors of pregnancy. Differences were considered significant at a confidence level of p 0.05.

Results. Most primiparae were raised in single-parent families (n=36; 75%), while in the young cluster, this social factor was identified among almost all girls (n=14; 93.3%). 30 young primiparae had random sexual activity (62.5%), the most pronounced indicator was found in the senior cluster (n=10; 76.9%). Assessment of social economic factor of primiparae taking into account the living conditions, found that 21 (43.8%) of them lived in a rented apartment. None of the primiparae from a young cluster lived in her own apartment or house. Most of the respondents were not satisfied with their living conditions (n=37; 77.1%). Evaluation of social economic factor of primiparae taking into account the income revealed that low income per family member of young primiparae amounted to 33.3% (n=16). In the young cluster, material income was low in most cases (60%).

Conclusion. Young primiparae aged 1213 years have the most pronounced adverse sociohygienic and demographic factors of early pregnancy in contrast to older age groups.
Viral hepatitis E
Authors: Kuznetsov Nikolay I. , Romanova Elena S. , Startseva Galina Yu. , Zlateva Natalya V.
Published: February 2020

The lecture sets out modern ideas about the etiology of viral hepatitis E, considering its species, physical and chemical properties. The questions of epidemiology are covered, namely, a characteristic of the zones of the spread of the virus, transmission routes, depending on the genotype of the virus, is given. Issues of the pathogenesis of the disease are also given taking into account new data on the virus genotypes. The acute and chronic forms of the course of the disease and extrahepatic manifestations of this infection are described. Their clinical picture, laboratory diagnostic methods, modern principles of therapy and prevention are given.
Progress in the development of general practice / family medicine in the city of Saint Petersburg (Russian Federation)
Authors: Gillan Uel , McQuiston Rob , Slevin Oliver
Published: February 2020

In previous years, indeed in some respects preceding the establishment of the Russian Federation, consideration had been given to the establishment of new approaches to general medical practice in Russia. Particular attention centred upon the establishment of Family Medicine and the preparation of doctors as Family Practitioners to advance this initiative. A number of pilot studies were initiated, including in the city of Saint Petersburg. These were intended to provide real-world opportunities to test and develop new and more effective approaches to primary health care that would more efficiently integrate with secondary care. The authors were involved in the initial pilot studies in the mid to late 1990s and subsequent follow-up projects to further advance the initiatives in the early years of the 21st century (20022010). This brief paper reports on a review of progress made in respect of the above initiatives. It is not at this time a comprehensive evaluation of the healthcare systems as they now operate. The authors nevertheless present some indications of satisfactory progress across a range of practices, some insights into challenges that have arisen, and some suggestions that might be helpful in the current rounds of strategic planning for health.
Baseline Assessment of the Importance of Contributions from Regional Seismic Networks to the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center’s Operations
Authors: Sardina Victor , Koyanagi Kanoa , Weinstein Stuart
Published: February 2020

The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center’s (PTWC’s) core mission consists in saving lives and minimizing property damage through the issuance of timely, effective tsunami warnings and threat messages. For this purpose, the center relies primarily not only on the analysis of near-real-time seismic data streams provided by established networks such as the Global Seismic Network (GSN), but also by an increasing number of stations contributed by regional seismic networks (RSNs) from around the world. We used theoretical computations of the detection time of the first arriving P wave as a proxy to highlight the areas where RSN contributions have the greatest operational impact. To this goal, the P-wave detection times computed for the GSN provided a baseline to isolate the contribution of the RSN in the form of spatially distributed detection time gains. Inspection of the resulting global maps reveals detection time gains of more than 3 m for Hawaii, Alaska, the east and west coasts of the United States, South America, New Zealand, the southwest Pacific, Australia, and the Sunda arc. Despite higher density of GSN baseline stations across the U.S. west coast and the eastern Caribbean, contributions from RSNs result in detection time gains of more than 2 m. These gains in earthquake detection speed correlate well with the continuous increase in the number of stations ingested into the PTWC system and the gradual reduction of the operational median response time to under 6 m from origin during the last 5 yr. These results allow us to conclude that fulfillment of the PTWC’s international and domestic tsunami warning responsibilities critically depends on the support of the RSNs contributing data to PTWC’s daily operations.
Determining the Orientation of Ocean-Bottom Seismometers on the Seafloor and Correcting for Polarity Flipping via Polarization Analysis and Waveform Modeling
Authors: Zhu Gaohua , Yang Hongfeng , Lin Jian , You Qingyu
Published: February 2020

The erroneous flipping of polarity in seismic records of ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) could go unnoticed and undiagnosed because it is coupled with unknown horizontal orientation of OBS instruments on the seafloor. In this study, we present detailed approaches to first identify potential errors in the flipping polarity of individual OBS instruments, and then determine the correct orientation of OBS instruments on the seafloor. We first conduct a series of tests by artificially flipping the polarity of seismic records of the Global Seismographic Network stations to determine the effects on orientation estimates, utilizing polarization characteristics of teleseismic P and Rayleigh waves, respectively. The tests demonstrate that erroneous polarity reversal in seismic recording could cause false estimates and reverse radial (R) and tangential (T) components. We determine the sensor orientations through comparing the observed waveforms to the synthetic waveforms, which could solve the ambiguity of R and T directions caused by potential erroneous polarity reversal of OBS data. We then apply the approaches to an OBS data set collected in the southern Mariana subduction zone to obtain the correct orientation for 9 out of 12 OBS instruments.
A Gestão Escolar em uma Escola Indígena do Rio Grande do Norte: Concepções e Práticas
Authors: Lelis Creusa Ribeiro da Silva , Silva Givanildo da
Published: February 2020

ResumoA pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar as concepções e as práticas da gestão escolar em uma Escola indígena, no município de Canguaretama, no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. A metodologia esteve pautada na abordagem qualitativa e o estudo de caso, como técnica de pesquisa. Os dados foram coletados através da entrevista semiestruturada com 6 profissionais da Escola. Como resultados, foi possível perceber que a concepção vivenciada pela comunidade não apresenta as características da gestão democrática, uma vez que as comunidades local e escolar não estão presentes nos processos decisórios e de planejamento da proposta pedagógica.Palavras-chave: Gestão Escolar. Conselho Escolar. Escola Indígena. Escola Pública.AbstractThe research aimed to present the concepts and practices of school management in an indigenous school, in the municipality of Canguaretama, in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. The methodology was based on the qualitative approach and the case study as a research technique. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 6 school professionals. As a result, it was possible to realize that the conception experienced by the community does not present the characteristics of democratic management, since the local and school communities are not present in the decision making and planning processes of the pedagogical proposal.Keywords: School management. School board. Indigenous School. Public school.
Educação Ambiental Informal: uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura Nacional
Authors: Herzer Eduardo , Osório Daniela Montanari Migliavacca , Schreiber Dusan , Jahno Vanusca Dalosto
Published: February 2020

A educação ambiental, seja formal ou informal, busca a construção de competências e valores para a conservação ambiental, fator principal para a qualidade de vida saudável e sustentável. A educação ambiental informal ocorre por meio de atividades realizadas fora dos ambientes escolares, ou seja, que podem ser realizados em comunidades, empresas e unidades de conservação. O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura nacional sobre educação ambiental informal e verificar em qual das correntes de Sauvé esses estudos poderiam ser caracterizados. O procedimento adotado para conduzir o estudo foi a revisão sistemática da literatura, onde foram coletados artigos científicos na base de dados de Periódicos Capes, compilados, qualificados, classificados de acordo com as diferentes abordagens teóricas e os dados obtidos sintetizados. Os resultados apontam que os estudos, em sua maioria, foram práticos em relação aos teóricos e que as correntes de educação ambiental caracterizadas foram as tradicionais e contemporâneas. Nota-se que a educação ambiental informal ocorre no território nacional tanto no meio urbano e rural, mas necessita ser mais explorada e aplicada nos diversos contextos sociais para que se possa alcançar uma conscientização ambiental. Outro ponto que vale destacar é a recomendação de serem documentados os casos e experiências para servirem de subsidio para futuras pesquisas, projetos e programas sobre a temática.  Palavras-chave: Correntes de Sauvé. Educação Informal. Meio Ambiente. AbstractEnvironmental education, whether formal or informal, seeks to build competencies and values for environmental conservation, a key factor for healthy and sustainable quality of life. Informal environmental education happens through activities performed outside school environments, that is, that can be carried out in communities, companies and conservation units. The objective of the study was to carry out a systematic review of the national literature about informal environmental education and to verify, based on Sauvé concepts, which may be evidenced. The procedure adopted to conduct the study was a systematic literature review, where scientific articles were collected in the Periodicos CAPES database, compiled, qualified, classified according to the currents and the synthesized data obtained. The results indicated that most studies were practical in relation to theoreticians and that the environmental education currents characterized were the traditional and contemporary ones. It is noted that informal environmental education occurs in the national territory, urban and rural, but need to be further explored and applied in various social contexts in order to achieve environmental awareness. Another point is that the cases and experiences should be documented to support future research, projects and programs on the subject. Keywords: Chains of Sauvé; Informal Education; Environment.
Factores de riesgo de la Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 y el Síndrome del Pie Diabético
Authors: Farré Valades Jaume , Toledo Jessica Ruiz
Published: February 2020

Objetivos. Identificar los factores de riesgo más incidentes en la Diabetes tipo 2 mediante el análisis de la prevalencia de los diferentes factores de riesgo y analizar la predominancia del Síndrome del Pie diabético a nivel mundial. Metodología. Mediante la revisión de datos de carácter cuantitativo a través de una búsqueda bibliográfica, se seleccionaron un total de 20 publicaciones. Resultados. Los factores de riesgo con mayor incidencia fueron la hipertensión arterial y el Índice de Masa Corporal elevado. Además, la prevalencia a nivel mundial del Síndrome del Pie diabético oscila entre el 1,2% y el 12,1%. Conclusión. La diabetes tipo 2 es una patología con planes de prevención por presentar factores de riesgo modificables. Y el Síndrome del Pie diabético es una complicación de baja predominancia mundial en relación a otras complicaciones derivadas.
Hidratación y solubilización mecánica en la extracción de hidrocoloides de las hojas de malva sylvestris
Authors: Domínguez Castañeda Jorge , Gonzales Capcha John
Published: February 2020

El trabajo tuvo por objetivo determinar las condiciones de hidratación y solubilización por expresión mecánica para extraer hidrocoloides con máximo rendimiento (% p/p) a partir de hojas de Malva sylvestris. Se establecieron para la hidratación los efectos de proporción disolvente: soluto (W/S) de 15, 20 y 25 g. agua/g. hojas en polvo y tiempos de maceración de 30, 60 y 90 min usando como metodología el diseño de superficie de respuesta en arreglo factorial 32 y para la solubilización mediante martillos con presión de 53 db a velocidades de 424, 508 y 592 mov/min por tiempos de 60, 120 y 180 s. Los resultados mostraron un coeficiente de determinación de 96.5 %, un modelo de segundo orden que se ajustó a la respuesta estudiada. Las condiciones para lograr extraer hidrocoloides con mayor rendimiento (19.21 %) en la hidratación fue la relación W/S de 25 por 30 min y para la solubilización de 592 mov/min por 180 s.
Aplicación de la mejora de métodos de trabajo para incrementar la productividad en la producción del filete de anchoas
Authors: Valdivieso Barrera Briggitte Bellen , Meza Barrera Heidy Yessenia , Gutierrez Pesantes Elías
Published: February 2020

Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo general aplicar la mejora de métodos de trabajo para incrementar la productividad en el proceso productivo del filete de anchoas de una empresa conservera de pescado. El tipo de investigación fue aplicada de diseño preexperimental. La población estuvo conformada por los datos de productividad del proceso de filete de anchoas de la empresa y la muestra conformada por los valores diarios de la productividad de seis meses del año en curso, el muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. Los datos acerca del tipo de problemas existentes en la producción fueron recopilados a través de la técnica de muestreo del trabajo y los de la productividad, directamente de los registros de producción. Se aplicó la mejora de métodos de trabajo a través de la técnica del interrogatorio con el uso de instrumentos de análisis de datos como los diagramas de proceso y diagrama de Ishikawa, además del software estadístico XLSTAT. Resultó ser crítica la operación de fileteado de anchoas; la productividad de mano de obra, el aprovechamiento de materia prima y eficiencia fueron 3,6 kg/hh, 75 % y 50,68 %, respectivamente. La mejora de métodos incluyó la implementación de una faja transportadora y reubicación de mesas logrando que disminuyeran los transportes innecesarios y el tiempo estándar en 29,97 %. Finalmente, la productividad luego de la implementación de la mejora se incrementó a 3,91 kg/hh, la productividad de la mano de obra, 78,19 %, la eficiencia de la materia prima y 61,39 % de eficiencia.