bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feeding rate and frequency on juvenile pompano growth
Authors: Cunha Viviana Lisboa da , Shei Marcelo Roberto Pereira , Okamoto Marcelo Hideo , Rodrigues Ricardo Vieira , Sampaio Luís André
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work was to evaluate the ideal feeding rate and frequency for juvenile pompano (Trachinotus marginatus). Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, with three replicates each. In experiment I, 25 fish (4.8±0.6 g and 6.48±0.01 cm) were stocked in 15 tanks (50 L) during 21 days and fed 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20% body weight per day. In experiment II, 20 fish (4.1±0.1 g and 6.6±0.1 cm) were stocked in 15 tanks (40 L) during 28 days and fed 2, 6, 8, and 10 times a day. The tested feeding rates and frequencies did not influence survival. Final weight and length in experiment I were significantly lower in fish fed 4% body weight per day, whereas in experiment II only weight was significantly lower in fish fed 2 and 6 times a day. At the end of both experiments, apparent feed conversion showed significant difference, with the worst value observed for fish fed 20% body weight per day in experiment I and 2 times a day in experiment II. Juvenile pompano show better growth performance when fed 8% body weight per day and 8 times a day.
Hemograma e sobrevivência de camarões marinhos após silenciamento do WSSV por RNA de interferência
Authors: Guertler Cristhiane , Rieg Tailin , Mejía-Ruíz Claudio Humberto , Lehmann Maurício , Barracco Margherita Anna , Perazzolo Luciane Maria
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a proteção antiviral específica via RNA de interferência (RNAi) contra o vírus da síndrome da mancha-branca (WSSV), em camarões marinhos (Litopenaeus vannamei). Os camarões foram injetados com uma sequência dsRNA específica (vp28 do envelope viral), seguida por desafio com WSSV após 48 horas. Avaliaram-se o hemograma às 0, 3, 6, 24, 48 e 72 horas após o desafio, e a taxa de mortalidade durante 30 dias. Nos animais tratados com dsRNA vp28, a infecção viral foi limitada, e a sobrevivência (73%) e a "clearance" viral (80%) foram maiores do que nos camarões infectados, não tratados, que apresentaram 100% de mortalidade em cinco dias. Nos camarões tratados com dsRNA, o hemograma diminuiu até 6 horas após o desafio, seguido por aumento, tendo atingido o nível normal em 72 horas. O tratamento com dsRNA vp28 limita a infecção nos camarões por WSSV, restaura as suas condições imunológicas e promove "clearance" viral na maioria dos sobreviventes. Esses resultados são indicativos de que dsRNA vp28 pode servir como ferramenta molecular para combater o WSSV e que o RNAi representa abordagem promissora para controlar doenças virais em camarões cultivados.
Histologia hepática e produção em tanques-rede de tilápia-do-nilo masculinizada hormonalmente ou não masculinizada
Authors: Gayão Ana Laura Borba de Andrade , Buzollo Hellen , Fávero Gisele Cristina , Silva Junior Ancilon Araújo e , Portella Maria Célia , Cruz Claudinei da , Carneiro Dalton José
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho e a sanidade da estrutura hepática de tilápia-do-nilo, masculinizada hormonalmente ou não masculinizada, criada em tanques-rede com dois níveis proteicos. Tilápias-do-nilo da linhagem Tailandesa (total de 2.400), com peso médio inicial de 127 g, foram distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro tratamentos, em arranjo fatorial 2×2, correspondente aos grupos de tilápias masculinizadas hormonalmente ou não masculinizadas e ao teor proteico na dieta de 28 ou 32% de proteína bruta, com três repetições. Após 115 dias de alimentação, não houve interação entre os fatores quanto a peso final, ganho de peso, conversão alimentar, comprimento final e sobrevivência. Não houve diferença entre os peixes masculinizados hormonalmente e os não masculinizados, quanto a peso final, ganho de peso e sobrevivência, o que mostra a possibilidade de sua produção em tanques-rede, sem a necessidade de masculinização hormonal. A proteína bruta a 32% na dieta possibita melhor desempenho para ambos os grupos. Alterações histológicas no fígado - como o incremento do volume das células, o desarranjo da disposição cordonal e o aumento de vesículas nos hepatócitos - são encontradas nos peixes masculinizados hormonalmente e são mais acentuadas nos peixes alimentados com 32% de proteína bruta na dieta.
Lysine and arginine requirements of Salminus brasiliensis
Authors: Dairiki Jony Koji , Borghesi Ricardo , Dias Carlos Tadeu dos Santos , Cyrino José Eurico Possebon
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work was to determine the dietary lysine (DL) and dietary arginine (DA) requirements of dourado (Salminus brasiliensis), through dose-response trials using the amino acid profiles of whole carcasses as a reference. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design (n=4). In the first experiment, groups of 12 feed-conditioned dourado juveniles (11.4±0.2 g) were stocked in 60 L cages placed in 300 L plastic indoor tanks in a closed circulation system. Fish were fed for 60 days on diets containing 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, or 3.5 % dietary lysine. In the second experiment, dourado juveniles (27.0±0.8 g) were fed for 60 days on semipurified diets containing arginine at 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 or 3.0%, in similar conditions to those of the first experiment. Optimal DL requirements, as determined by broken-line analysis method for final weight, weight gain and specific growth rate, were 2.15% DL or 5% lysine in dietary protein, and 1.48% DA or 3.43% arginine in dietary protein. The best feed conversion ratio is attained with 2.5% DL or 5.8% lysine in dietary protein and 1.4% DA or 3.25% arginine in dietary protein.
Métodos para determinação da digestibilidade aparente de dietas para camarão marinho suplementadas com probiótico
Authors: Buglione-Neto Celso , Mouriño José Luiz , Vieira Felipe do Nascimento , Silva Bruno Corrêa da , Jatobá Adolfo , Seiffert Walter , Fracalossi Débora Machado , Andreatta Edemar
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o método de coleta de fezes mais adequado para camarões marinhos (Litopenaeus vannamei) na determinação do coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta e da matéria seca de dietas comerciais, e avaliar o efeito da suplementação de Lactobacillus plantarum na dieta sobre o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da proteína, da energia e da matéria seca. Foram testados três sistemas de coletas de fezes: decantação, sifonamento e dissecação dos animais. A coleta por decantação foi o sistema mais adequado para a determinação in vivo dos coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente da proteína bruta e da matéria seca das dietas, por apresentar baixo grau de lixiviação das fezes e por ser de fácil execução. Nos camarões alimentados com a dieta suplementada com L. plantarum, foi observado maior coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente da proteína (84,18±0,35%) e da energia (81,28±0,16%), quando comparado ao grupo controle (82,73±1,01 e 78,63±0,93%, respectivamente). O uso de L. plantarum como aditivo probiótico na ração pode trazer benefícios nutricionais a L. vannamei, com melhor aproveitamento dos nutrientes.
Caracterização macroscópica das gônadas durante a reprodução induzida em cativeiro do surubim-do-paraíba
Authors: Honji Renato Massaaki , Caneppele Danilo , Moreira Renata Guimarães
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever a morfologia das gônadas do surubim-do-paraíba (F1) durante a reprodução induzida em cativeiro. Trinta fêmeas foram induzidas, tendo-se utilizado extrato hipofisário de carpa e gonadotrofina coriônica humana. Vinte e oito fêmeas responderam à indução, tendo liberado 238,80 g de ovócitos (taxa de fertilização: 24,33±8,35%). Após a extrusão dos gametas, os animais foram eutanasiados para análise morfológica das gônadas. Os testículos não apresentaram alterações morfológicas após a indução. Entre os ovários, 63,31% apresentaram má formação (desenvolvimento ímpar, não uniforme ou "afunilamento"), e o número de ovócitos liberados foi abaixo do obtido em reprodutores selvagens desta espécie.
Composição bromatológica e digestibilidade aparente da parte aérea seca da mandioca na alimentação de tilápias-do-nilo
Authors: Hisano Hamilton , Pietro Pamela Souza de , Barros Margarida Maria , Pezzato Luiz Edivaldo
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da secagem da parte aérea da mandioca, ao sol e à sombra, sobre a composição bromatológica e o coeficiente de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) de nutrientes, energia e aminoácidos para tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Não houve diferença entre os métodos de secagem para a composição bromatológica. O CDA da proteína bruta apresentou maior digestibilidade para a parte aérea seca à sombra. A secagem da parte aérea da mandioca à sombra permite maior conservação do conteúdo proteico e melhor digestibilidade aparente da fração proteica e aminoacídica para a tilápia-do-nilo.
Efeito anestésico do eugenol em juvenis de pacamã
Authors: Ribeiro Paula Adriane Perez , Miranda Filho Kleber Campos , Melillo Filho Reinaldo , Santos André Eduardo Heringer , Silva Walisson de Souza e , Rodrigues Lucas Alves , Luz Ronald Kennedy
Published: December 2013

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito do eugenol como anestésico para juvenis de pacamã (Lophiosilurus alexandri). Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos, denominados juvenil I (0,72 g) e juvenil II (7,44 g), e submetidos a seis tratamentos de eugenol (20, 40, 60, 80, 100 e 120 mg L-1), em dez repetições. Durante o experimento, foram realizadas biometrias e cronometragens dos tempos de indução e recuperação. Com o aumento das doses, o tempo de anestesia foi reduzido de 69 para 27 s, em juvenis I, e de 93,8 para 37,3 s em juvenis II. A sobrevivência foi de 100%.
Growth and stress of dourado cultivated in cages at different stocking densities
Authors: Braun Neiva , Dafre Alcir Luiz , Lima Ronaldo Lima de , Beux Luis Fernando , Brol Fernanda Franciele , Nuñer Alex Pires de Oliveira
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and the stress levels of juvenile dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) cultivated in cages. Fish stocked at densities of 15 (D15) and 30 (D30) fish per square meter were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Fish were fed twice a day with extruded ration (42% crude protein). Density influenced only biomass and daily food intake, and glucose and lactate concentrations increased over time. D15 and D30 did not influence the growth of dourado. However, the increase of glucose and lactate levels over time indicates that cultivation in cages is a stressful condition for this species.
Viability of dourado embryos cooled in different cryoprotectant solutions
Authors: Fornari Darci Carlos , Streit Junior Danilo Pedro , Galo Juliana Minardi , Guerreiro Luís Jayme , Povh Jayme Aparecido , Barrero Nelson Mauricio Lopera , Oliveira Diego de , Ribeiro Ricardo Pereira
Published: December 2013

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of different cryoprotectants on the viability of dourado (Salminus brasiliensis) embryos. Ten cryoprotectant solutions were tested. For each solution, 300 embryos were selected at the closing of the blastopore stage, and 300 more embryos were used as a negative control. After cooling (-8ºC for 6 hours), the embryos were rehydrated directly in the incubator until hatching. The best result is obtained with the cryoprotectant solution containing 9% methanol associated with 17% sucrose, resulting in a larvae hatching rate of 67.06%.
Integração, flexibilidade e qualidade: os caminhos para um novo paradigma produtivo
Authors: Martins Roberto Antonio , Sacomano José Benedito
Published: December 2013

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório realizada em quatro empresas sobre a introdução do novo paradigma produtivo mundial, tendo como objeto de estudo o sistema de Planejamento e Controle da Produção. Os resultados demonstram inexistência de uma metodologia formal para a transição de paradigma produtivo, ficando o sucesso dependente das pessoas. Além disso, persiste um mau entendimento da maneira pela qual as atividades de Planejamento e Controle da Produção gerenciam o processo produtivo. Esse entendimento abre uma grande oportunidade para os sistemas de manufatura gerenciarem de maneira mais eficaz e eficiente seus processos produtivos.
Increasing Awareness of Child Mental Health Issues among Elementary School Staff
Authors: Powers Joelle D. , Wegmann Kate , Blackman Kate , Swick Danielle C.
Published: December 2013

Without sufficient education and training on mental illness, school teachers are less likely to have the capacity to recognize related symptoms in students and make appropriate referrals for care. The current pilot study tests the overall effectiveness of a new in-service training designed as the introductory component to a school-based mental health intervention. The training included information on the prevalence of mental health problems in the United States, common youth disorders, and treatment barriers that many families face. Participants’ knowledge before and after the training was measured using a 27-item instrument, and statistical significance was assessed for pre- to posttest changes for individual items. Results are overwhelmingly positive and provide evidence of an increase in accurate knowledge of child mental health issues. Implications for both practice and research are discussed.
Transport properties of ternary concrete mixtures containing natural zeolite with silica fume or fly ash
Authors: Ahmadi Babak , Sobhani Jafar , Shekarchi Mohammad , Najimi Meysam
Published: December 2013

This paper reports on an experimental investigation into the performance of ternary concrete mixtures containing combinations of natural zeolite with silica fume or fly ash. The performance of the ternary mixtures is compared with the performance of binary mixtures with only one type of supplementary cementitious material (SCM) and a control mixture without any SCM. The experimental programme included strength and transport property evaluations of a control mixture, binary mixtures with 7·5% silica fume or 10% natural zeolite or 20% fly ash as partial replacements of Portland cement, and ternary mixtures containing 5% natural zeolite with 5% silica fume or 10% natural zeolite with 10% fly ash as partial replacements of Portland cement. The results of the study reveal considerable improvements in the transport properties of concrete through replacing a portion of Portland cement with combinations of natural zeolite with silica fume or fly ash. Generally, the ternary mixtures showed superior transport properties to those of the control and binary mixtures. Their compressive strengths, however, were lower than those of the binary mixtures.
Worth the Hype? The Relevance of Paid-For Analyst Research for the Buy-and-Hold Investor
Authors: Billings Bruce K. , Buslepp William L. , Huston G. Ryan
Published: December 2013

The SEC Advisory Committee on Smaller Public Companies recommends paid-for research to fill the void created by declining sell-side coverage. Potential conflicts of interest inherent in paid-for research challenge this recommendation. We evaluate whether paid-for research provides value to investors or merely reflects hype. Analyses of one- and two-year-ahead paid-for earnings forecasts fail to identify significant bias. Using a portfolio approach, favorable (unfavorable) paid-for recommendations yield positive (negative) stock returns at release, with upward (downward) drift over the following year. Regressing future stock returns on recommendations and valuation estimates using paid-for analysts' forecasts yields similar results. Further, results fail to indicate significant differences in paid-for and matched sell-side research. Overall, our evidence suggests that paid-for research provides relevant information for the buy-and-hold investor that is comparable to that of matched sell-side research, providing empirical support for the SEC Advisory Committee recommendation.

JEL Classifications: G11; G14; G24.

Data Availability: Data are publicly available from the sources identified in the text.
A finite volume method for solving the two-sided time-space fractional advection-dispersion equation
Authors: Hejazi Hala , Moroney Timothy , Liu Fawang
Published: December 2013

We present a finite volume method to solve the time-space two-sided fractional advection-dispersion equation on a one-dimensional domain. The spatial discretisation employs fractionally-shifted Grünwald formulas to discretise the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives at control volume faces in terms of function values at the nodes. We demonstrate how the finite volume formulation provides a natural, convenient and accurate means of discretising this equation in conservative form, compared to using a conventional finite difference approach. Results of numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.
Comparison of Maxillary Occlusal Plane with Various Craniofacial Reference Lines in Nepalese and Indian Young Adults
Authors: Acharya Binod
Published: December 2013

Orientation of occlusal plane for complete dentures play a vital role as it affects all the basic requirements of complete dentures. Depending on soft tissue landmarks for orienting occlusal plane seems to be unreliable. Cephalometrics were introduced in Prosthodontics to orient the occlusal plane in the same position as it was with the lost natural teeth.

In the present study, 60 lateral cephalometric radiographs of a group of male and female dentulous subjects of Indian and Nepali origin (30 subjects in each group) were obtained and tracings were made. All the subjects selected were in the age group of 20-30 years in whom the facial growth was completed. Angular measurements were made between FH (Frankfort Horizontal plane)- CP (Camper's Plane), FH-OP (Occlusal Plane) and CP-OP and subjected to statistical analysis to determine the degree of separation between these planes in Indian and Nepalese ethnic groups.

The absolute parallelism between the natural occlusal plane and Camper's plane were not proven in both Indian and Nepalese subjects involved in this study. This significantly reduces the reference values of these planes in Prosthodontics.
Analysis of Maxillary Bone Thickness at Incisor Area in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion
Authors: Bajracharya Manju
Published: December 2013

Objectives: To determine and analyze the maxillary incisal jaw bone thickness among different vertical skeletal facial types of Class II Division 1 malocclusion.

Materials and method: The samples (n=121) between 12-14 yrs of age were divided into three groups (low angle, average angle, high angle) based on their SN-MP angle. Linear measurements were processed and analyzed statistically. The characteristics of abnormal incisor jaw bone thickness at upper and lower incisors among three vertical facial skeletal types were studied in detail.

Results: At the upper and lower central incisors low angle individuals presented greater dentoalveolar, basal bone thickness than high and average angle individuals. The distance from the root apex of upper and lower central incisors were far away from the lingual cortex in low angle than high angle individuals.

Conclusion: Among different vertical facial types with Class II Division 1 malocclusion in early permanent dentition may accord to establish discriminate values as a sample to set up the cephalometric standard for the appropriate diagnosis to provide better treatment plan for the clinicians.
A Radiographic Evaluation of Mandibular Asymmetry in Class II Division 1 Malocculsion Pattern
Authors: Bajracharya Manish , Mishra Praveen , Bhattarai Prakash , Parajuli Umesh , Shrestha Reetu , Poudel Keshab Raj
Published: December 2013

Introduction: Mandibular asymmetry may cause not only esthetic problem but also functional problem as it has a direct role in stomatognathic system.

Objective: The objective of this study was to find out the difference between condylar asymmetry ratio in Class II division 1 malocclusion group and normal occlusion group in males and females.

Materials & Methods: Orthopantomogram radiographs were selected from the pool of records such that there were 40 Class II division 1 males and females above 20 years of age. Thirty normal occlusion subjects (15 males, 15 females) were enrolled and orthopantomogram records were taken. All the films were hand traced on the acetate paper and the mean condylar, ramal and condylar plus ramal asymmetry index were measured in the normal and Class II Division 1 groups according to the method given by Habets. Independent sample t-test was done to compare between the normal occlusion and Class II Division 1 malocclusion for each male and female group.

Result: Significant difference was observed between condylar heights, combined height and condylar asymmetrical ratio. Respectively in females. However, all other asymmetrical ratios were insignificant. Similarly, for males, condylar height, ramus height, combined (condyle and ramus) were all significant respectively. However, the asymmetric ratios were found to be insignificant. There is a significant difference between Class II division 1 malocclusion and normal occlusion group in terms of condylar asymmetry ratio in female subjects. However, it was not significant in case of male subjects.

Conclusion: Our study suggests that females with Class II division 1 malocclusion more prone to TMD in comparison to males.
Palatally Positioned Two Mesiodens: A Case Report
Authors: Agrawal Sudhanshu , Halwai Hemant Kumar
Published: December 2013

Mesiodens is a supernumerary tooth located in the anterior maxilla, placed palatally, labially or in between the maxillary central incisors. It may be single or paired, erupted or impacted and at times even inverted. This case report describes a palatally positioned two mesiodens in an 8-year-old male. The clinical and radiographic appearance and therapeutic considerations are presented. The purpose of this article is to alert the clinician to the importance of radiographic localization prior to surgical intervention, because in some instances a labial surgical approach is preferred over the traditional palatal technique. In this case a labial surgical approach was utilized which allowed for greater conservation of alveolar bone and improved access during removal of the mesiodens teeth.
Multidisciplinary Management of Patient with Hypodontia and Transposed Mandibular Canines: A Case Report
Authors: Joshi Pramod , Hegde Nilesh , Bhat Sudhakar
Published: December 2013

A multidisciplinary approach is generally required in the treatment of patients who presents with missing and malpositioned teeth to achieve a long term esthetic and functional result. Treatment of a patient with hypodontia and congenitally transposed mandibular canines using a multidisciplinary approach is presented.
Continuum Coupled Moisture–Mechanical Damage Model for Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Shakiba Maryam , Al-Rub Rashid K. Abu , Darabi Masoud K. , You Taesun , Masad Eyad A. , Little Dallas N.
Published: December 2013

Despite the detrimental effects of moisture damage in asphalt pavements, few macroscale models are capable of modeling this important phenomenon. Existing models have limitations in accounting for the irreversibility and time dependency of moisture-induced damage. This study presents a moisture damage model based on continuum damage mechanics. Adhesive and cohesive moisture damage phenomena are modeled independently; this procedure allows for the introduction of fundamental mechanical properties for each process and for modeling the transition between adhesive and cohesive damage. Two- and three-dimensional simulations are performed, and the results of the simulations are presented to demonstrate the applicability and utility of these micromechanical computational models. It is shown that the proposed moisture damage model can simulate the effect of moisture damage on the mechanical response of asphalt concrete subjected to different loading conditions. The model also provides useful insight into the effect of mixture design and material properties on resistance to moisture damage.
Preparation of Magnetic Carbon Nanotubes (Mag-CNTs) for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Masotti Andrea , Caporali Andrea
Published: December 2013

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been widely studied for their potential applications in many fields from nanotechnology to biomedicine. The preparation of magnetic CNTs (Mag-CNTs) opens new avenues in nanobiotechnology and biomedical applications as a consequence of their multiple properties embedded within the same moiety. Several preparation techniques have been developed during the last few years to obtain magnetic CNTs: grafting or filling nanotubes with magnetic ferrofluids or attachment of magnetic nanoparticles to CNTs or their polymeric coating. These strategies allow the generation of novel versatile systems that can be employed in many biotechnological or biomedical fields. Here, we review and discuss the most recent papers dealing with the preparation of magnetic CNTs and their application in biomedical and biotechnological fields.
The Election of Archons from Solon to Telesinos
Authors: Develin Robert
Published: December 2013

Le témoignage qu'apporte la Constitution d'Athènes sur la procédure employée pour élire les archontes ne doit pas être récusé. Il s'accorde, en effet, avec les indications qu'Aristote fournit d'autre part dans la Politique. Solon avait organisé la désignation des archontes par tirage au sort. Abandonnée pendant la tyrannie, cette méthode a été rétablie en 487/6 et désormais appliquée selon le principe des dix tribus clisthéniennes.
Observations on the Ancient Uses of the Spada Reliefs
Authors: Kampen Nathalie B.
Published: December 2013

Les huit reliefs à sujets mythologiques du Palais Spada (Rome) apparaissent comme des produits typiques du temps d'Hadrien, combinant les motifs grecs et les thèmes idylliques dans le goût de la haute société de l'époque. Ces reliefs ont été inspirés par l'esprit rhétorique et moralisateur que la littérature romaine tardive a abondamment illustré. Des procédés littéraires tels que l'ekphrasis et l'antiphonie sont à l'origine d'une décoration destinée, comme celle-ci, aux édifices de luxe.
The Correspondence of Ausonius
Authors: Green R. P. H.
Published: December 2013

This article examines the letters of Ausonius - those correctly so called - with a view to elucidating their individual aims, the general conventions of Ausonius' correspondence, and his relations with such men as Symmachus, Petronius Probus and Paulinus of Nola and less well-known friends. Attention is paid to the interpretation of various obscure passages and to the artistry, structure and wit of the poems.
L'originalité de la sculpture étrusque à Castro au VIe siècle avant J.-C.
Authors: De Ruyt Franz
Published: December 2013

Publication définitive, avec analyses et comparaisons, des sculptures étrusques en nenfro, d'époque archaïque et particulièrement originales, qui ont été découvertes à Castro non loin de Vulci, lors des fouilles menées de 1963 à 1968 par le Centre belge de recherches étrusques et italiques en collaboration avec la Surintendance italienne aux Antiquités de l'Étrurie méridionale et qui sont conservées à l'Antiquarium d'Ischia di Castro, province de Viterbe.
ΘΥΡΟΚΟΠΟΣ. A Study of the Greek Compounds with -κὀπος, -κοπία and -κοπέω in the Classical and Hellenistic Periods
Authors: Kindstrand Jan Fredrik
Published: December 2013

Les mots grecs composés au moyen de -κόπος, de -κοπία et de -κοπέω apparaissent pour la première fois à l'époque d'Eschyle et deviennent de plus en plus fréquents pendant la période hellénistique. À l'origine, la première partie du composé est constituée par un nom concret, objet ou instrument de l'action indiquée par la deuxième partie. Plus tard, il arrive que la première partie désigne aussi des êtres humains et des noms abstraits. À l'exception des expressions techniques, neutres du point de vue stylistique, ces composés semblent appartenir au langage parlé et ils sont surtout fréquents dans la comédie ancienne.
Eforo e la tradizione di Antioco di Siracusa sugli Enotri
Authors: Moscati Castelnuovo Luisa
Published: December 2013

Le Peri Italias d'Antiochos de Syracuse est la source commune des passages de Strabon (VI, 1, 4), Aristote (Pol., VII, 1329 b 5-22) et Denys d'Halicarnasse (A.R., I, 12, 3 ; I, 35) relatifs à l'histoire des plus anciennes populations de l'Italie méridionale et à l'extension géographique de l'Italie primitive et de l'Oinôtria. L'ouvrage d'Antiochos a été directement consulté par Denys d'Halicarnasse. Aristote a connu les opinions d'Antiochos indirectement par l'intermédiaire du livre VII de l'Histoire universelle d'Éphore. Strabon, enfin, a consulté le livre XXXIV des Histoires de Polybe, qui, à son tour, s'était basé sur l'ouvrage d'Éphore.
Le calendrier de Thorikos au Musée J. Paul Getty
Authors: Daux Georges
Published: December 2013

Avant 1979/80, aucun helléniste ne semble avoir eu accès à la stèle des sacrifices de Thorikos. Le calendrier qu'elle porte a été publié en 1977 d'après les copies mises en circulation par des inventeurs quasi illettrés. Une édition normale est devenue possible à partir du moment où la stèle prenait place dans un musée ouvert à la recherche. En dépit d'étranges étourderies du graveur, elle fait connaître un document de premier ordre. Un apparat critique et une étude d'ensemble sont en cours de rédaction.
A Few Observations on Aristophanes Ranae 42-165
Authors: Van der Valk Marchinus H. A. L. H.
Published: December 2013

Commentaire détaillé où sont notamment étudiés : le serment de Socrate ; la valeur spéciale qu'ont parfois les nombres 13 et 4 ; un trait stylistique familier à Pindare ; l'ordre des vv. 151-153, mal reconnu, semble-t-il, par Aristophane de Byzance ; la portée des vv. 159-165.
The oligarchic revolution in Argos 417 B.C
Authors: David Ephraim
Published: December 2013

Les sources secondaires relatives à la révolution oligarchique de 417 à Argos (notamment Diodore, basé sur Éphore, ainsi qu'Énée le Tacticien et Pausanias) attribuent aux oligarques argiens des méthodes brutales dont Thucydide ne fait aucune mention. L'étude essaye de réhabiliter la valeur historique des traditions préservées par ces sources et de montrer qu'en les négligeant pour suivre uniquement la version de Thucydide les historiens modernes ont contribué à perpétuer une déformation historique.
What really happened at Aegospotami ?
Authors: Wylie Graham
Published: December 2013

Accounts given by Xenophon and Diodorus of the capture of an Athenian fleet at Aegospotami in 406 B.C., and of preceding and subsequent events, are compared. Xenophon's version is usually preferred, but his approach appears somewhat simplistic and uncritical, and raises difficulties. It is suggested that Lysander, possibly with Alkibiades' connivance, trapped the Athenians into fighting with only portion of their fleet. Xenophon's assertion that the entire Athenian force was captured and executed is totally rejected on logistic and other grounds.
Les trois péchés d'Agamemnon
Authors: Blaive Frédéric , Sterckx Claude
Published: December 2013

Si l'existence de survivances accidentelles de l'idéologie indo-européenne trifonctionnelle dans les poèmes homériques semble aujourd'hui admise, un certain nombre d'identifications de ces survivances se sont révélées peu fondées. C'en est une apparemment moins discutable qui est ici proposée - trois fautes d'Agamemnon correspondant exactement à l'un des mythèmes trifonctionnels les mieux reconnus : celui des Trois Péchés du Guerrier.
Rheumatism and Gout in the Corpus Hippocraticum
Authors: Byl Simon
Published: December 2013

Après avoir rappelé que le Corpus hippocratique n'est pas l'oeuvre du seul Hippocrate de Cos et mis en évidence quelques grands points de la doctrine hippocratique, l'auteur révèle l'importance que tous les médecins ont attachée aux maladies rhumatismales ; il insiste sur les nombreuses affections rhumatismales distinguées par eux, sur la diversité des étiologies proposées, sur la description des symptômes et sur la thérapeutique. Il montre ensuite que la goutte semble ne pas avoir été fort répandue à l'époque d'Hippocrate. Enfin, il essaie de situer le niveau de la médecine hippocratique en ce qui concerne la rhumatologie.
Encore le temps-aspect en grec classique : essai limité de clarification
Authors: Delaunois Marcel
Published: December 2013

L'auteur propose de renoncer au conflit stérile entre tenants de positions absolues, qui défendent la prédominance de la valeur soit temporelle soit aspective, à l'exclusion de l'autre. Il entend montrer leur imbrication étroite en contexte, en prenant appui sur quelques distinctions de base, après avoir mis au point, dans certains cas, - les pronostics étant différents selon les modes, - la présence d'un temps relatif nécessaire au sens. Il faut surtout interpréter l'aspect, plus important, en tenant compte de tous les éléments, y compris psychologique, sans s'écarter des valeurs sémantiques-clefs. Il convient aussi d'éviter les terminologies qui ouvrent à l'ambiguïté.
Épithètes cultuelles et interprétation philosophique. À propos d'Aphrodite Ourania et Pandemos à Athènes
Authors: Pirenne-Delforge Vinciane
Published: December 2013

Aphrodite est considérée tantôt comme fille de Zeus et de Dionè, tantôt comme enfant du seul Ouranos. Partant de ces traditions mythiques divergentes, Platon place dans le discours d'un des protagonistes du Banquet une réflexion moralisante sur la dualité de la déesse : Ourania est la divinité céleste, tandis que Pandemos relève d'une conception vulgaire de l'amour. Cette démonstration théorique, à la postérité considérable, ne résiste ni à l'examen des cultes effectifs de la déesse à Athènes ni à l'étude des témoignages parallèles, comme celui de Xénophon.
Socrates and the Sicilian Expedition
Authors: Joyal Mark A.
Published: December 2013

Les anciens documents qui rapportent la prédiction de Socrate relative à la destruction de la flotte athénienne pendant l'expédition de Sicile (415-413) soulèvent plusieurs questions : 1) de combien de sources indépendantes de cette prédiction peut-on admettre l'existence ? 2) quels renseignements nous fournissent-elles ? 3) ces renseignements ajoutent-ils à notre connaissance de Socrate en tant que personnage historique ? La proposition soutenue ici est que l'histoire de la prédiction de Socrate révèle des ressemblances fondamentales avec d'autres détails authentiques concernant sa vie.
Vergil's Circe : Source for a Sorceress
Authors: Stoffelen Veerle
Published: December 2013

La sorcière Circé, connue surtout par l'Odyssée, apparaît trois fois au chant VII de l'Énéide. La première fois, Virgile emprunte de nombreux traits à Homère, mais laisse Énée dépasser l'île de Circé. Le héros adresse ainsi un dernier adieu à son passé mythologique avant de commencer sa tâche historique en Italie. Dans les épisodes suivants, la sorcière devient une figure de plus en plus virgilienne. Au total, elle est un produit de la liberté poétique et du choix personnel de l'auteur.
Myth into Reality : The Metamorphosis of Daedalus and Icarus (Ovid., Metamorphoses, VIII, 183-235)
Authors: Hoefmans Marjorie
Published: December 2013

La nature de la métamorphose de Dédale et Icare a donné lieu à des interprétations contraires, parce que, au sens propre, il n'y a pas de «méta-morphose». Ceci, de même que les paradoxes apparents dans le traitement des motifs hybris/homo faber, s'explique à la lumière des nettes allusions, textuelles et thématiques, à Lucrèce. Le vol de Dédale et Icare signifie alors, selon la notion épicurienne de «progrès», le passage, pour l'homme, d'un état de soumission aux dieux à la liberté mentale. Il s'agit donc d'une métamorphose mentale, du mythe à la réalité.
Theramenes' Speech at Colonus
Authors: Dave Ephraim
Published: December 2013

L'article essaie de démontrer qu'à l'assemblée de Colone, convoquée afin d'abolir la démocratie, Théramène a tenu un discours important dans lequel il a collaboré avec la clique oligarchique et a soutenu les changements proposés par Peisandros. Ses arguments semblent avoir inclus les avantages de lapoliteia hoplitique, sa représentation comme incarnation de la patrios politeia, la reconnaissance possible du régime oligarchique comme autre forme de démocratie et comme moyen d'obtenir une solution de compromis en vue de mettre fin à la guerre avec Sparte.
La Libye et la Scythie virgiliennes ou l'exotisme au service d'une idéologie
Authors: Dehon Pierre-Jacques
Published: December 2013

Dans un excursus du troisième chant des Géorgiques, Virgile a consacré une description aux traits exotiques de la vie en Libye (339-348) et en Scythie (349-383). Dans ces deux tableaux, surtout dans le second, l'exotisme sert l'idéologie augustéenne : en opposant deux pays aux caractères extrêmes et totalement différents, et en faisant implicitement référence à son éloge de l'Italie (G., II, 136- 176), le Mantouan met en valeur les qualités harmonieuses de la terre italienne, symbole de civilisation, et souligne les défauts des peuples barbares qui ignorent la domination de Rome.
Kleisthenes' 700 Epistia
Authors: Cromey Robert D.
Published: December 2013

Robert D. CROMEY, Kleisthenes' 700 Epistia. - Among frequent warnings that to understand Kleisthenes' reforms one must pay attention to terminology in our sources, it is surprising that one term seems so long overlooked : Herodotos' odd term 'epistia' (V, 27). He uses it for the mysterious "seven hundred families" that fell under the Alkmeonid curse during the struggle with Isagoras in 507. But despite the fact that in abridging Herodotos' account the Ath. Pol. substitutes the word 'oikiai' for 'epistia', the word does not mean 'families'. For Herodotos and antiquity generally the word had only one meaning, 'suppliants'. At V, 27 he means the word to apply to a heterogeneous collection of individuals making up a single mass seen as a collective whole : that is why the term is neuter plural. As a motley collection of Kleisthenes' supporters they share his family's intimate 'curse' for executing the supporters of Kylon c 632. The 'suppliants' were made of individuals admitted into various 'gene' before 507, now purged as non-citizens by Isagoras. Kleisthenes readmitted them to the citizenry by making them members of tribes according to deme residence. A part of our trouble in understanding how they were enfranchised and integrated into the citizen body in 507 comes from not understanding that various social institutions within the Athenian state each had their own requirements for membership, some overlapping. "Suppliants" by definition held their position only conditionally ; but in 507 Kleisthenes made them permanent 'neopolitiai'.
Auditions et conférences à Delphes
Authors: Van Liefferinge Carine
Published: December 2013

Carine VAN LIEFFERINGE, Auditions et conférences à Delphes. - Le sanctuaire de Delphes, ses jeux et sa renommée ont attiré des artistes et des conférenciers en tout genre qui ont offert gracieusement des auditions, des conférences ou quelque de leur talent. Ils ne sont généralement connus que par des sources Leur étude permet d'une part de déterminer leur spécialité, le lieu et la date de leur prestation et les honneurs par lesquels ils furent remerciés, d'autre part, de les insérer dans le contexte de l'évolution du sanctuaire lui-même.
Tucidide : impegno conoscitivo e distanziamento autoriale
Authors: Bonelli Guido
Published: December 2013

Guido Bonelli (Turin), Tucidide : impegno conoscitivo e distanziamento autoriale. - L'engagement de Thucydide s'adresse à la connaissance de la nature humaine, considérée par lui comme une structure permanente de notre conduite. Cet engagement donne lieu à un éloignement de l'auteur vis-à-vis des événements qu'il expose, à une objectivité narrative qui ne permet pas des glissements dans le pathétique. Le narrateur a la parfaite maîtrise des et des apories par lesquelles ses personnages sont chaque fois frappés : il les a en effet connues une fois pour toutes dans leur intime nécessité. Mais cette objectivité narrative n'induit pas, chez G« Athénien » Thucydide, un éloignement idéologique de sa cité, dont la politique de puissance trouve, elle aussi, sa justification dans les données de la nature humaine.
Synthesis of nucleotide–amino acid conjugates designed for photo-CIDNP experiments by a phosphotriester approach
Authors: Abramova Tatyana V , Morozova Olga B , Silnikov Vladimir N , Yurkovskaya Alexandra V
Published: December 2013

Conjugates of 2’-deoxyguanosine, L-tryptophan and benzophenone designed to study pathways of fast radical reactions by the photo Chemically Induced Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (photo-CIDNP) method were obtained by the phosphotriester block liquid phase synthesis. The phosphotriester approach to the oligonucleotide synthesis was shown to be a versatile and economic strategy for preparing the required amount of high quality samples of nucleotide–amino acid conjugates.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DIFFERENT DEM INTERPOLATION METHODS
Authors: Arun Pattathal Vijayakumar
Published: December 2013

Visualization of geospatial entities generally entails Digital Elevation models (DEMs) that are interpolated to establish three dimensional co-ordinates for entire terrain. The accuracy of generated terrain model depends on the interpolation mechanism adopted and hence it is needed to investigate the comparative performance of different approaches in this context. General interpolation techniques namely Inverse Distance Weighted, Kriging, Topo to Raster, Natural Neighbor, and Spline approaches have been compared. Differential ground field survey has been conducted to generate reference DEM as well as specific set of test points for comparative evaluation. We have also investigated the suitability SRTM DEM for Indian terrain by comparing it with the SOI DEM. Contours were generated at different intervals for comparative analysis and found SRTM as more suitable. The terrain sensitivity of various methods has also been analyzed with reference to the study area.
Les dynamiques d'éclatements d'États dans l'Union européenne : casse-tête juridique, défi politique
Authors: Gounin Yves
Published: December 2013

L’Écosse, la Catalogne ou la Flandre indépendantes rejoindraient-elles automatiquement l’Union européenne ? Ni la convention de Vienne de 1978, ni la coutume internationale, ni l’application stricte du droit de l’Union qui soumettrait les nouveaux États à la procédure ordinaire d’adhésion, et donc au veto des États membres, ne donnent de solution simple. Le caractère spécifique de l’Union européenne et le simple bon sens plaident pour une solution négociée, à toutes les étapes.
Les États-Unis et l'Amérique du Sud : des voisins distants
Authors: Vagnoux Isabelle
Published: December 2013

Les relations entre les États-Unis et l’Amérique du Sud sont marquées par une forme d’« indifférence bienveillante ». Trois domaines suscitent néanmoins un intérêt particulier. En matière de sécurité, la préoccupation principale de Washington a trait au narcotrafic. En ce qui concerne la politique, les États-Unis cherchent à promouvoir la démocratie dans une région marquée par le populisme. Au niveau économique, enfin, Washington souhaite multiplier les accords bilatéraux de libre-échange.
Les apories de la communication stratégique en Afghanistan
Authors: Laity Mark
Published: December 2013

Afghans et Occidentaux ont une image négative de la guerre en Afghanistan. Les communicants de l’OTAN tirent donc un bilan mitigé de leur action. Ils ont surtout souffert de l’absence d’une stratégie claire. D’autres problèmes s’y sont ajoutés, comme la difficulté d’opérer dans un contexte multinational, la complexité des procédures « otaniennes », la mauvaise compréhension de la culture afghane, la fréquence des rotations des personnels ou encore la faiblesse des mécanismes de retour d’expérience.
Indonésie : le non-alignement à l'épreuve de la concurrence sino-américaine
Authors: Alles Delphine
Published: December 2013

Depuis le milieu des années 2000, l’Indonésie est courtisée à la fois par la Chine et par les États-Unis. Ses dirigeants s’efforcent de tirer parti de cette situation inédite en déployant une politique étrangère fondée sur la multiplication des partenariats bilatéraux et la promotion du multilatéralisme régional. Théorisée sous le nom d’« équilibre dynamique », cette nouvelle doctrine entend actualiser les fondements de la politique étrangère indonésienne, tout en s’éloignant de la tradition contestataire du non-alignement.
The influence of boot design on exercise associated surface temperature of tendons in horses
Authors: Hopegood L. , Sander L. , Ellis A.D.
Published: December 2013

Sport horses frequently injure tendons of the lower limb. Tendon boots are commonly applied for structural support and trauma prevention during competitions. However these boots may increase heat stress in the area. Two separate studies were carried out with the aim to improve understanding of the effect of boots on heat around the tendon area. Study 1 measured heat emitted from two types of boots (traditional and perforated, cross-over design) covering the superficial digital flexor tendon in 4 horses during a set ridden and lunged exercise test. Study 2, a field test, measured the effect of boot style (traditional, perforated and open fronted) on skin surface temperature in 130 horses, after completing a cross country event test (either a BE 100 three day event or a CIC* - two day short format event). An infrared thermometer was used to measure temperatures during both studies. Boots designed with perforations demonstrated greater heat emissions than traditional (non-perforated) boots (+3.5 ° C, P<0.01). In Study 2 mean tendon surface temperature for perforated type boots (28.0 °C) was significantly lower than for traditional boots (32.3 °C) and for open fronted tendon boots (31.1 °C) (P<0.001). As this was an applied field study, additional environmental factors, such as speed and fitness level of horses, may have influenced results. Although exact mechanisms leading to these findings and the link between heat and tendon injury needs to be researched further, it is advisable to design boots to minimise tendon exposure to high temperatures, which may contribute to tendon injury.
Las pilas del castro de Santa Mariña de Maside (Ourense ): hacia una tipología de los lugares con función ritual en la Edad del Hierro del NW de la Península Ibérica
Authors: Seoane-Veiga Yolanda , García Quintela Marco V. , Güimil Fariña Alejandro
Published: December 2013

En este artículo pretendemos detenernos con cierto detalle en las pilas que aparecen en contextos de castros de cara a evaluar su posible función religiosa. Nuestro interés se centrará en el castro de Santa Mariña de Maside (Ourense), donde existen varias rocas con pilas rectangulares y rebajes de distintos tipos. A través de la comparación con otros sitios similares intentaremos acercarnos a una tipología de los lugares con función ritual en la Edad del Hierro.

[gl] Neste artigo pretendemos deternos con certo detalle nas pías que aparecen en contextos de castros de cara a avaliar a súa posible función relixiosa. O noso interese centrarase no castro de Santa Mariña de Maside (Ourense), onde existen varias rochas con pías rectangulares e rebaixes de distintos tipos. A través da comparación con outros sitios similares intentaremos achegarnos a una tipoloxía dos lugares con función ritual na Idade do Ferro.