bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dialectical Illusion in Kant’s Only Possible Argument for the Existence of God
Authors: Hoffer Noam
Published: August 2020

The nature of Kant’s criticism of his pre-Critical ‘possibility proof’ for the existence of God, implicit in the account of the Transcendental Ideal in the Critique of Pure Reason, is still under dispute. Two issues are at stake: the error in the proof and diagnosis of the reason for committing it. I offer a new way to connect these issues. In contrast with accounts that locate the motivation for the error in reason’s interest in an unconditioned causal ground of all contingent existence, I argue that it lies in reason’s interest in another kind of unconditioned ground, collective unity. Unlike the conception of the former, that of the latter directly explains the problematic ontological assumption of the possibility proof, the existence of intelligible objects as the ground of possibility. I argue that such Platonic entities are assumed because they are amenable to the kind of unity prescribed by reason. However, since the interest in collective unity has a legitimate regulative use when applied to the systematic unity of nature, the conception of God entailed by the possibility proof is retained as a regulative idea of reason.
How to Use Someone ‘Merely as a Means’
Authors: Kleingeld Pauline
Published: August 2020

The prohibition on using others ‘merely as means’ is one of the best-known and most influential elements of Immanuel Kant’s moral theory. But it is widely regarded as impossible to specify with precision the conditions under which this prohibition is violated. On the basis of a re-examination of Kant’s texts, the article develops a novel account of the conditions for using someone ‘merely as a means’. It is argued that this account has not only strong textual support but also significant philosophical advantages over alternative conceptions.
Successful Maintenance
Authors: Magula Luzuko , Jordaan Gerhard P. , Theron Annette
Published: August 2020

Abstract. This article presents a challenging case of a 64-year-old female with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder with psychotic features and complex medical conditions, including the presence of a cardiac rhythm management device (CRMD). Despite all the complexities, she has received maintenance electroconvulsive therapy (M-ECT) over the past 4 years (56 episodes to date). Her anesthetic plan had to be tailored to her individual needs and revisited to reflect her medical conditions and perioperative complications during this period. Despite the anesthetic challenges, her psychiatric condition improved significantly, and the benefits of her M-ECT continue to outweigh the potential perioperative risks. The successful management of this patient can be attributed to the collaborative involvement and ongoing efforts of a multidisciplinary team that includes psychiatry, anesthesiology, cardiology, and theater and ward nursing personnel. We outline the ongoing challenges with the M-ECT, namely, treatment intervals, medical comorbidities, and the anesthesia management in the presence of a CRMD at a tertiary state hospital in South Africa.
The Teacher Expectations and Values for Suicide Prevention Scale
Authors: Stickl Haugen Jaimie , Sutter Claudia C. , Tinstman Jones Jessica L. , Campbell Laurie O.
Published: August 2020

Abstract. Background: Teachers play a critical role in youth suicide prevention, yet few psychometrically sound instruments exist to measure teachers' expectations and values regarding suicide prevention. Aims: This study examined the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Teacher Expectations and Values for Suicide Prevention (TEVSP) Scale. Method: The TEVSP was administered to 500 teachers in the United States. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to determine the factor structure and bivariate correlations were used to investigate convergent and discriminant validity. Mann–Whitney U tests investigated group differences in TEVSP scores between participants who had received suicide training and those who had not. Results: Results support a three-factor hierarchical model with strong internal consistency and evidence of validity. Significant differences were found in TEVSP scores between groups. Limitations: There is a need to further explore the psychometric properties of the scale across samples and face-to-face methods. Conclusion: The TEVSP is a sound instrument that can be used to measure teachers' expectations and values for suicide prevention.
Radar Sounding of Subsurface Structure in Eastern Coprates and Capri Chasmata, Mars
Authors: Noguchi Rina , Ishiyama Ken , Kumamoto Atsushi , Uemura Chihiro , Kasaba Yasumasa , Usui Tomohiro , Oura Aina , Shoji Daigo
Published: August 2020

We surveyed the subsurface structure in eastern Coprates and Capri Chasmata in the equatorial region using high‐resolution visible images, digital terrain models, and radar sounding data. We identified subsurface reflectors in four areas of the chasmata. At the stratigraphic exposure on the chasmata walls, the corresponding depth of the reflector is ∼60 m. The bulk dielectric constants of the layers above the reflectors are calculated as 3.4–4.0, suggesting a rock‐air mixture with ∼39.3% and 46.1% porosity or a rock‐air‐ice mixture with <21.2% water ice fraction. This high porosity corresponds to nonwelded and unconsolidated sediments emplaced by aeolian, fluvial, and volcanic activities. If water ice actually exists, further studies and discussions are required for the mechanism to maintain it within low latitudes.
Statistical Characteristics and Correlation of Low‐Latitude F Region Bottom‐Type Irregularity Layers and Plasma Plumes Over Sanya
Authors: Hu Lianhuan , Zhao Xiukuan , Sun Wenjie , Wu Zhi , Zheng Jianchang , Xie Haiyong , Huang Zhaoguo , Ning Baiqi , Li Guozhu
Published: August 2020

Ionospheric F region bottom‐type irregularity layer has been frequently detected at equatorial latitude and regarded as a possible precursor of equatorial backscatter plumes producing scintillations. In this study, the VHF radar observations of ionospheric F region bottom‐type irregularity layers and plasma plumes over the low‐latitude station Sanya (18.4°N, 109.6°E, dip lat. 12.8°N) during the equinoctial months (March, April, September, and October) of 2011–2018 are analyzed. The results show an equinoctial asymmetry in the occurrence of F region backscatter plumes, wherein the occurrence could be greater in spring or autumn months under different solar activities and background ionospheric conditions (F layer height and density). On the other hand, the bottom‐type irregularity layer occurred almost exclusively in the descending phase of solar cycle (2015–2018). No clear correlation is found between the occurrences of bottom‐type irregularity layer and plasma plume at low latitude. The F layer virtual height (h′F) observations from the Sanya ionosonde show that the average h′F is higher during the months when the plume occurrence is higher, suggesting that the asymmetric plasma vertical drift could play a role in the equinoctial asymmetry of plume occurrence. Larger vertical drift (and higher h′F) could cause higher occurrence of equatorial plasma plumes which extend to low latitudes along magnetic field lines. In contrast, during the days when bottom‐type irregularity layers occur, the h′F is relatively lower. We surmise that only when the background F region is situated at low altitudes (with h′F < ~250 km), the low‐latitude bottom‐type irregularity layer could be generated.
The Solar Wind Density Control on the Prompt Penetration Electric Field and Equatorial Electrojet
Authors: Nilam B. , Ram S. Tulasi , Shiokawa K. , Balan N. , Zhang Q.
Published: August 2020

Prompt penetration of convection/overshielding electric fields to equatorial and low latitudes during the southward/northward turnings of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF Bz) have been widely studied in the literature. The other types of penetration electric fields due to sudden changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure, IMF By and during the onset of substorms have also been recently reported. In this paper, we present the exclusive role of solar wind density changes on the prompt equatorial electric field disturbances using the long‐term observations of equatorial electrojet (EEJ) from the Indian sector. In response to the sharp increases in the solar wind density, prompt increases/decreases in the EEJ indicating the eastward/westward prompt penetration electric field (PPEF) of ~20 min periods have been consistently observed on the dayside/nightside. The prompt equatorial electric field disturbances of the opposite polarity have also been observed when the density decreases sharply. Further, the polarity of these PPEF disturbances does not show any clear dependency on the direction of IMF Bz and By. This paper is the first report with a statistically significant number of observations on the characteristics of equatorial electric field disturbances in response to the sudden enhancements/decreases in the solar wind density alone on both dayside and nightside. The underlying physical mechanisms for the prompt equatorial electric field disturbances have been discussed in light of enhanced high‐latitude convection and additional field‐aligned currents due to sudden enhancement of solar wind density.
Solar and Magnetic Control of Minor Ion Peaks in the Dayside Martian Ionosphere
Authors: Huang J.‐P. , Cui J. , Hao Y.‐Q. , Guo J.‐P. , Wu X.‐S. , Niu D.‐D. , Wei Y.
Published: August 2020

The Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer of the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution provides a large data set to explore the ion composition and structure of the Martian ionosphere. Here, the dayside measurements are used to investigate the minor ion density profiles with distinctive peaks above 150 km, revealing a systematic trend of decreasing peak altitude with increasing ion mass. We specifically focus on a subset of species including O+, N
/CO+, C+, N+, He+, and O++, all of which are mainly produced via direct photoionization of parent neutrals. Our analysis reveals weak or no variation with solar zenith angle (SZA) in both peak density and altitude, which is an expected result because these ion peaks are located within the optically thin regions subject to the same level of solar irradiance independent of SZA. In contrast, the solar cycle variations of peak density and altitude increase considerably with increasing solar activity, as a result of enhanced photoionization frequency and atmospheric expansion at high solar activities. He+ serves as an exception in that its peak density increases toward large SZA and meanwhile shows no systematic variation with solar activity. The thermospheric He distribution on Mars should play an important role in determining these observed variations. Finally, the peak altitudes for all species are elevated by at least several km within the weakly magnetized regions, possibly attributable to the suppression of vertical diffusion by preferentially horizontal magnetic fields in these regions.
Effects of a Large Dust Storm in the Near‐Surface Atmosphere as Measured by InSight in Elysium Planitia, Mars. Comparison With Contemporaneous Measurements by Mars Science Laboratory
Authors: Viúdez‐Moreiras D. , Newman C. E. , Forget F. , Lemmon M. , Banfield D. , Spiga A. , Lepinette A. , Rodriguez‐Manfredi J. A. , Gómez‐Elvira J. , Pla‐García J. , Muller N. , Grott M. ,   the TWINS/InSight team
Published: August 2020

NASA's InSight landed in Elysium Planitia (~4.5°N,136°E) at Ls ~ 296° (November 2018), right after the decay of the 2018 Global Dust Storm (GDS) and before the onset of the 2019 Large Dust Storm (LDS) at Ls ~ 320° (January 2019). InSight's cameras observed a rise in the atmospheric opacities during the storm from ~0.7 to ~1.9, similarly to contemporaneous measurements by Curiosity in Gale crater. Pressure tides were strongly affected at the locations of InSight and Curiosity. In particular, the diurnal pressure mode experienced an abrupt increase during the onset of the LDS, similar to that measured by Curiosity, most likely due to longitudinally asymmetric dust loading. Later, the dust was redistributed around the planet and the semidiurnal mode evolved according to dust opacity in both missions. Before and after the onset of the storm, the observed wind patterns resulted from the interaction between regional and local slope flows induced by topography, which all produced a diurnal perturbation superimposed on a mean flow, dominated by the Hadley cell but with modifications due to channeling effects from the regional topography. However, the onset of the LDS modified this to a scenario consistent with enhanced tidal flows. The local air temperatures are strongly perturbed by the lander's thermal effects, and their retrieval significantly depends on wind patterns, which changed during the course of the dust storm. Observations suggest a decrease in convective vortices during the dust storm; however, vortex activity remained strong during the storm's onset due to the increase in wind speeds.
Inhibition of Axin1 in osteoblast precursor cells leads to defects in postnatal bone growth through suppressing osteoclast formation
Authors: Shu Bing , Zhao Yongjian , Zhao Shitian , Pan Haobo , Xie Rong , Yi Dan , Lu Ke , Yang Junjie , Xue Chunchun , Huang Jian , Wang Jing , Zhao Dongfeng , Xiao Guozhi , Wang Yongjun , Chen Di
Published: August 2020

Axin1 is a negative regulator of β-catenin signaling and its role in osteoblast precursor cells remains undefined. In the present studies, we determined changes in postnatal bone growth by deletion of Axin1 in osteoblast precursor cells and analyzed bone growth in newborn and postnatal Axin1Osx mice and found that hypertrophic cartilage area was largely expanded in Axin1Osx KO mice. A larger number of chondrocytes and unabsorbed cartilage matrix were found in the bone marrow cavity of Axin1Osx KO mice. Osteoclast formation in metaphyseal and subchondral bone areas was significantly decreased, demonstrated by decreased TRAP-positive cell numbers, associated with reduction of MMP9- and cathepsin K-positive cell numbers in Axin1Osx KO mice. OPG expression and the ratio of Opg to Rankl were significantly increased in osteoblasts of Axin1Osx KO mice. Osteoclast formation in primary bone marrow derived microphage (BMM) cells was significantly decreased when BMM cells were cultured with conditioned media (CM) collected from osteoblasts derived from Axin1Osx mice compared with BMM cells cultured with CM derived from WT mice. Thus, the loss of Axin1 in osteoblast precursor cells caused increased OPG and the decrease in osteoclast formation, leading to delayed bone growth in postnatal Axin1Osx KO mice.
Pyropia yezoensis genome reveals diverse mechanisms of carbon acquisition in the intertidal environment
Authors: Wang Dongmei , Yu Xinzi , Xu Kuipeng , Bi Guiqi , Cao Min , Zelzion Ehud , Fu Chunxiang , Sun Peipei , Liu Yang , Kong Fanna , Du Guoying , Tang Xianghai , Yang Ruijuan , Wang Junhao , Tang Lei , Wang Lu , Zhao Yingjun , Ge Yuan , Zhuang Yunyun , Mo Zhaolan , Chen Yu , Gao Tian , Guan Xiaowei , Chen Rui , Qu Weihua , Sun Bin , Bhattacharya Debashish , Mao Yunxiang
Published: August 2020

Changes in atmospheric CO2 concentration have played a central role in algal and plant adaptation and evolution. The commercially important red algal genus, Pyropia (Bangiales) appears to have responded to inorganic carbon (Ci) availability by evolving alternating heteromorphic generations that occupy distinct habitats. The leafy gametophyte inhabits the intertidal zone that undergoes frequent emersion, whereas the sporophyte conchocelis bores into mollusk shells. Here, we analyze a high-quality genome assembly of Pyropia yezoensis to elucidate the interplay between Ci availability and life cycle evolution. We find horizontal gene transfers from bacteria and expansion of gene families (e.g. carbonic anhydrase, anti-oxidative related genes), many of which show gametophyte-specific expression or significant up-regulation in gametophyte in response to dehydration. In conchocelis, the release of HCO3- from shell promoted by carbonic anhydrase provides a source of Ci. This hypothesis is supported by the incorporation of 13C isotope by conchocelis when co-cultured with 13C-labeled CaCO3.
Self healable neuromorphic memtransistor elements for decentralized sensory signal processing in robotics
Authors: John Rohit Abraham , Tiwari Naveen , Patdillah Muhammad Iszaki Bin , Kulkarni Mohit Rameshchandra , Tiwari Nidhi , Basu Joydeep , Bose Sumon Kumar , Ankit  , Yu Chan Jun , Nirmal Amoolya , Vishwanath Sujaya Kumar , Bartolozzi Chiara , Basu Arindam , Mathews Nripan
Published: August 2020

Sensory information processing in robot skins currently rely on a centralized approach where signal transduction (on the body) is separated from centralized computation and decision-making, requiring the transfer of large amounts of data from periphery to central processors, at the cost of wiring, latency, fault tolerance and robustness. We envision a decentralized approach where intelligence is embedded in the sensing nodes, using a unique neuromorphic methodology to extract relevant information in robotic skins. Here we specifically address pain perception and the association of nociception with tactile perception to trigger the escape reflex in a sensorized robotic arm. The proposed system comprises self-healable materials and memtransistors as enabling technologies for the implementation of neuromorphic nociceptors, spiking local associative learning and communication. Configuring memtransistors as gated-threshold and -memristive switches, the demonstrated system features in-memory edge computing with minimal hardware circuitry and wiring, and enhanced fault tolerance and robustness.
Stretchable hydrogels with low hysteresis and anti-fatigue fracture based on polyprotein cross-linkers
Authors: Lei Hai , Dong Liang , Li Ying , Zhang Junsheng , Chen Huiyan , Wu Junhua , Zhang Yu , Fan Qiyang , Xue Bin , Qin Meng , Chen Bin , Cao Yi , Wang Wei
Published: August 2020

Hydrogel-based devices are widely used as flexible electronics, biosensors, soft robots, and intelligent human-machine interfaces. In these applications, high stretchability, low hysteresis, and anti-fatigue fracture are essential but can be rarely met in the same hydrogels simultaneously. Here, we demonstrate a hydrogel design using tandem-repeat proteins as the cross-linkers and random coiled polymers as the percolating network. Such a design allows the polyprotein cross-linkers only to experience considerable forces at the fracture zone and unfold to prevent crack propagation. Thus, we are able to decouple the hysteresis-toughness correlation and create hydrogels of high stretchability (~1100%), low hysteresis (< 5%), and high fracture toughness (~900 J m−2). Moreover, the hydrogels show a high fatigue threshold of ~126 J m−2 and can undergo 5000 load-unload cycles up to 500% strain without noticeable mechanical changes. Our study provides a general route to decouple network elasticity and local mechanical response in synthetic hydrogels.
Multi-view clustering for multi-omics data using unified embedding
Authors: Mitra Sayantan , Saha Sriparna , Hasanuzzaman Mohammed
Published: August 2020

In real world applications, data sets are often comprised of multiple views, which provide consensus and complementary information to each other. Embedding learning is an effective strategy for nearest neighbour search and dimensionality reduction in large data sets. This paper attempts to learn a unified probability distribution of the points across different views and generates a unified embedding in a low-dimensional space to optimally preserve neighbourhood identity. Probability distributions generated for each point for each view are combined by conflation method to create a single unified distribution. The goal is to approximate this unified distribution as much as possible when a similar operation is performed on the embedded space. As a cost function, the sum of Kullback-Leibler divergence over the samples is used, which leads to a simple gradient adjusting the position of the samples in the embedded space. The proposed methodology can generate embedding from both complete and incomplete multi-view data sets. Finally, a multi-objective clustering technique (AMOSA) is applied to group the samples in the embedded space. The proposed methodology, Multi-view Neighbourhood Embedding (MvNE), shows an improvement of approximately 2−3% over state-of-the-art models when evaluated on 10 omics data sets.
Extracting user influence from ratings and trust for rating prediction in recommendations
Authors: Shi Wenchuan , Wang Liejun , Qin Jiwei
Published: August 2020

The Collaborative Filtering (CF) algorithm based on trust has been the main method used to solve the cold start problem in Recommendation Systems (RSs) for the past few years. Nevertheless, the current trust-based CF algorithm ignores the implicit influence contained in the ratings and trust data. In this paper, we propose a new rating prediction model named the Rating-Trust-based Recommendation Model (RTRM) to explore the influence of internal factors among the users. The proposed user internal factors include the user reliability and popularity. The internal factors derived from the explicit behavior data (ratings and trust), which can help us understand the user better and model the user more accurately. In addition, we incorporate the proposed internal factors into the Singular Value Decomposition Plus Plus (SVD + +) model to perform the rating prediction task. Experimental studies on two common datasets show that utilizing ratings and trust data simultaneously to mine the factors that influence the relationships among different users can improve the accuracy of rating prediction and effectively relieve the cold start problem.
Patterns of DNA variation between the autosomes, the X chromosome and the Y chromosome in Bos taurus genome
Authors: Czech Bartosz , Guldbrandtsen Bernt , Szyda Joanna
Published: August 2020

The new ARS-UCD1.2 assembly of the bovine genome has considerable improvements over the previous assembly and thus more accurate identification of patterns of genetic variation can be achieved with it. We explored differences in genetic variation between autosomes, the X chromosome, and the Y chromosome. In particular, variant densities, annotations, lengths (only for InDels), nucleotide divergence, and Tajima’s D statistics between chromosomes were considered. Whole-genome DNA sequences of 217 individuals representing different cattle breeds were examined. The analysis included the alignment to the new reference genome and variant identification. 23,655,295 SNPs and 3,758,781 InDels were detected. In contrast to autosomes, both sex chromosomes had negative values of Tajima’s D and lower nucleotide divergence. That implies a correlation between nucleotide diversity and recombination rate, which is obviously reduced for sex chromosomes. Moreover, the accumulation of nonsynonymous mutations on the Y chromosome could be associated with loss of recombination. Also, the relatively lower effective population size for sex chromosomes leads to a lower expected density of variants.
A generalized heat conduction model of higher-order time derivatives and three-phase-lags for non-simple thermoelastic materials
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed E. , Khalil K. M. , Mohammed F. A. , Nasr M. E. , Zakaria Adam , Ahmed Ibrahim-Elkhalil
Published: August 2020

In the current work, a new generalized model of heat conduction has been constructed taking into account the influence of the microscopic structure into the on non-simple thermoelastic materials. The new model was established on the basis of the system of equations that includes three-phase lags of higher-order and two different temperatures, namely thermodynamic and conductive temperature. The two-temperature thermoelastic model presented by Chen and Gurtin (Z Angew Math Phys 19(4):614–627, 1968) and some other previous models have been introduced as special cases from the proposed model. As an application of the new model, we studied the thermoelastic interactions resulting from sudden heating in an isotropic solid subjected to external body force. The influence of the discrepancy parameter and higher-order of the time-derivative has been discussed. This work will enable future investigators to gain insight into non-simple thermoelasticity with different phase delays of higher-order in detail.
Sensing of electrolytes in urine using a miniaturized paper-based device
Authors: Ghaderinezhad Fariba , Ceylan Koydemir Hatice , Tseng Derek , Karinca Doruk , Liang Kyle , Ozcan Aydogan , Tasoglu Savas
Published: August 2020

Analyzing electrolytes in urine, such as sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and nitrite, has significant diagnostic value in detecting various conditions, such as kidney disorder, urinary stone disease, urinary tract infection, and cystic fibrosis. Ideally, by regularly monitoring these ions with the convenience of dipsticks and portable tools, such as cellphones, informed decision making is possible to control the consumption of these ions. Here, we report a paper-based sensor for measuring the concentration of sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride, and nitrite in urine, accurately quantified using a smartphone-enabled platform. By testing the device with both Tris buffer and artificial urine containing a wide range of electrolyte concentrations, we demonstrate that the proposed device can be used for detecting potassium, calcium, chloride, and nitrite within the whole physiological range of concentrations, and for binary quantification of sodium concentration.
Assembly methods for nanopore-based metagenomic sequencing: a comparative study
Authors: Latorre-Pérez Adriel , Villalba-Bermell Pascual , Pascual Javier , Vilanova Cristina
Published: August 2020

Metagenomic sequencing has allowed for the recovery of previously unexplored microbial genomes. Whereas short-read sequencing platforms often result in highly fragmented metagenomes, nanopore-based sequencers could lead to more contiguous assemblies due to their potential to generate long reads. Nevertheless, there is a lack of updated and systematic studies evaluating the performance of different assembly tools on nanopore data. In this study, we have benchmarked the ability of different assemblers to reconstruct two different commercially-available mock communities that have been sequenced using Oxford Nanopore Technologies platforms. Among the tested tools, only metaFlye, Raven, and Canu performed well in all the datasets. These tools retrieved highly contiguous genomes (or even complete genomes) directly from the metagenomic data. Despite the intrinsic high error of nanopore sequencing, final assemblies reached high accuracy (~ 99.5 to 99.8% of consensus accuracy). Polishing strategies demonstrated to be necessary for reducing the number of indels, and this had an impact on the prediction of biosynthetic gene clusters. Correction with high quality short reads did not always result in higher quality draft assemblies. Overall, nanopore metagenomic sequencing data-adapted to MinION’s current output-proved sufficient for assembling and characterizing low-complexity microbial communities.
Menthol can be safely applied to improve thermal perception during physical exercise: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Keringer Patrik , Farkas Nelli , Gede Noemi , Hegyi Peter , Rumbus Zoltan , Lohinai Zsolt , Solymar Margit , Ruksakiet Kasidid , Varga Gabor , Garami Andras
Published: August 2020

Menthol is often used as a cold-mimicking substance to allegedly enhance performance during physical activity, however menthol-induced activation of cold-defence responses during exercise can intensify heat accumulation in the body. This meta-analysis aimed at studying the effects of menthol on thermal perception and thermophysiological homeostasis during exercise. PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched until May 2020. Menthol caused cooler thermal sensation by weighted mean difference (WMD) of − 1.65 (95% CI, − 2.96 to − 0.33) and tended to improve thermal comfort (WMD = 1.42; 95% CI, − 0.13 to 2.96) during physical exercise. However, there was no meaningful difference in sweat production (WMD = − 24.10 ml; 95% CI, − 139.59 to 91.39 ml), deep body temperature (WMD = 0.02 °C; 95% CI, − 0.11 to 0.15 °C), and heart rate (WMD = 2.67 bpm; 95% CI − 0.74 to 6.09 bpm) between the treatment groups. Menthol improved the performance time in certain subgroups, which are discussed. Our findings suggest that different factors, viz., external application, warmer environment, and higher body mass index can improve menthol’s effects on endurance performance, however menthol does not compromise warmth-defence responses during exercise, thus it can be safely applied by athletes from the thermoregulation point of view.
Changes in the plasma microvesicle proteome during the ovarian hyperstimulation phase of assisted reproductive technology
Authors: Olausson Nina , Mobarrez Fariborz , Zubarev Roman , Chernobrovkin Alexey , Rutishauser Dorothea , Bremme Katarina , Westerlund Eli , Hovatta Outi , Wallén Håkan , Henriksson Peter
Published: August 2020

The incidence of pulmonary and venous thromboembolism is increased during the first trimester of pregnancies after assisted reproductive technology (ART) compared to spontaneous conception. We previously found that haemostatic plasma variables changed but within normal limits during controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) concomitant with a major increase in plasma microvesicles (MVs) and markers indicating cell activation. We now explored the proteome of these MVs. Thirty-one women undergoing ART were blood sampled at down-regulation (DR) of oestrogen and at high level stimulation (HLS) with its 10–100-fold increased oestrogen level. Samples were analysed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the proteome. We identified 306 proteins in the MVs and 72 had changed significantly at HLS compared to DR and more than 20% of them were associated with haemostasis. Thus, proteins related to both haemostasis and complement activation altered in plasma MVs in parallel with MV activation during COH. This needs to be further explored in the clinical context.
A proteogenomic profile of early lung adenocarcinomas by protein co-expression network and genomic alteration analysis
Authors: Nishimura Toshihide , Nakamura Haruhiko , Tan Kien Thiam , Zhuo De-Wei , Fujii Kiyonaga , Koizumi Hirotaka , Naruki Saeko , Takagi Masayuki , Furuya Naoki , Kato Yasufumi , Chen Shu-Jen , Kato Harubumi , Saji Hisashi
Published: August 2020

The tumourigenesis of early lung adenocarcinomas, including adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA), and lepidic predominant invasive adenocarcinoma (LPA), remains unclear. This study aimed to capture disease-related molecular networks characterising each subtype and tumorigenesis by assessing 14 lung adenocarcinomas (AIS, five; MIA, five; LPA, four). Protein–protein interaction networks significant to the three subtypes were elucidated by weighted gene co-expression network analysis and pairwise G-statistics based analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis for AIS involved extracellular matrix proteoglycans and neutrophil degranulation pathway relating to tumour growth and angiogenesis. Whereas no direct networks were found for MIA, proteins significant to MIA were involved in oncogenic transformation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and detoxification in the lung. LPA was associated with pathways of HSF1-mediated heat shock response regulation, DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and mitosis. Genomic alteration analysis suggested that LPA had both somatic mutations with loss of function and copy number gains more frequent than MIA. Oncogenic drivers were detected in both MIA and LPA, and also LPA had a higher degree of copy number loss than MIA. Our findings may help identifying potential therapeutic targets and developing therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes.
Environmentally-induced parental or developmental conditioning influences coral offspring ecological performance
Authors: Putnam Hollie M. , Ritson-Williams Raphael , Cruz Jolly Ann , Davidson Jennifer M. , Gates Ruth D.
Published: August 2020

The persistence of reef building corals is threatened by human-induced environmental change. Maintaining coral reefs into the future requires not only the survival of adults, but also the influx of recruits to promote genetic diversity and retain cover following adult mortality. Few studies examine the linkages among multiple life stages of corals, despite a growing knowledge of carryover effects in other systems. We provide a novel test of coral parental conditioning to ocean acidification (OA) and tracking of offspring for 6 months post-release to better understand parental or developmental priming impacts on the processes of offspring recruitment and growth. Coral planulation was tracked for 3 months following adult exposure to high pCO2and offspring from the second month were reciprocally exposed to ambient and high pCO2for an additional 6 months. Offspring of parents exposed to high pCO2had greater settlement and survivorship immediately following release, retained survivorship benefits during 1 and 6 months of continued exposure, and further displayed growth benefits to at least 1 month post release. Enhanced performance of offspring from parents exposed to high conditions was maintained despite the survivorship in both treatments declining in continued exposure to OA. Conditioning of the adults while they brood their larvae, or developmental acclimation of the larvae inside the adult polyps, may provide a form of hormetic conditioning, or environmental priming that elicits stimulatory effects. Defining mechanisms of positive acclimatization, with potential implications for carry over effects, cross-generational plasticity, and multi-generational plasticity, is critical to better understanding ecological and evolutionary dynamics of corals under regimes of increasing environmental disturbance. Considering environmentally-induced parental or developmental legacies in ecological and evolutionary projections may better account for coral reef response to the chronic stress regimes characteristic of climate change.
Synthesis, properties, and catalysis of p-block complexes supported by bis(arylimino)acenaphthene ligands
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Soo Han Sen , Garcia Felipe
Published: August 2020

Bis(arylimino)acenaphthene (Ar-BIAN) ligands have been recognized as robust scaffolds for metal complexes since the 1990 s and most of their coordination chemistry was developed with transition metals. Notably, there have been relatively few reports on complexes comprising main group elements, especially those capitalizing on the redox non-innocence of Ar-BIAN ligands supporting p-block elements. Here we present an overview of synthetic approaches to Ar-BIAN ligands and their p-block complexes using conventional solution-based methodologies and environmentally-benign mechanochemical routes. This is followed by a discussion on their catalytic properties, including comparisons to transition metal counterparts, as well as key structural and electronic properties of p-block Ar-BIAN complexes.
Two-dimensional superconductivity and magnetotransport from topological surface states in AuSn4 semimetal
Authors: Shen Dong , Kuo Chia Nung , Yang Tien Wei , Chen I Nan , Lue Chin Shan , Wang Li Min
Published: August 2020

Topological materials such as Dirac or Weyl semimetals are new states of matter characterized by symmetry-protected surface states responsible for exotic low-temperature magnetotransport properties. Here, transport measurements on AuSn4 single crystals, a topological nodal-line semimetal candidate, reveal the presence of two-dimensional superconductivity with a transition temperature Tc ~ 2.40 K. The two-dimensional nature of superconductivity is verified by a Berezinsky–Kosterlitz–Thouless transition, Bose-metal phase, and vortex dynamics interpreted in terms of thermally-assisted flux motion in two dimensions. The normal-state magnetoconductivity at low temperatures is found to be well described by the weak-antilocalization transport formula, which has been commonly observed in topological materials, strongly supporting the scenario that normal-state magnetotransport in AuSn4 is dominated by the surface electrons of topological Dirac-cone states. The entire results are summarized in a phase diagram in the temperature–magnetic field plane, which displays different regimes of transport. The combination of two-dimensional superconductivity and surface-driven magnetotransport suggests the topological nature of superconductivity in AuSn4.
Templated growth of FASnI3 crystals for efficient tin perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Xiao , Wu Tianhao , Chen Jung-Yao , Meng Xiangyue , He Xin , Noda Takeshi , Chen Han , Yang Xudong , Segawa Hiroshi , Wang Yanbo , Han Liyuan
Published: August 2020

We report a templated growth of FASnI3 crystals by reconstruction of the intermediate phase, and an efficiency of 11.22% was certified.
An efficient synthetic strategy for ligand-free upconversion nanoparticles
Authors: Sun Chunning , Simke Jan Ron Justin , Gradzielski Michael
Published: August 2020

An efficient synthetic approach was developed to prepare ligand-free UCNPs using short-chain acids as stripping agents by a simple vortexing method in a short time, allowing the transfer of UCNPs from hydrophobic to hydrophilic media.
Insights into the mechanism of the formation of noble metal nanoparticles byin situNMR spectroscopy
Authors: Mateo Jose Miguel , Hoz Antonio de la , Usón Laura , Arruebo Manuel , Sebastian Victor , Gomez M. Victoria
Published: August 2020

High-resolution solution NMR spectroscopy has been used to gain insights into the mechanism of the formation of gold, platinum and gold–platinum alloyed nanoparticles using metal precursors and tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) as starting materials.
Connecting the conformational behavior of cyclic octadepsipeptides with their ionophoric property and membrane permeability
Authors: Stadelmann Thomas , Subramanian Govindan , Menon Sanjay , Townsend Chad E. , Lokey R. Scott , Ebert Marc-Olivier , Riniker Sereina
Published: August 2020

Binding of cations leads to inversion of conformational preference of cyclic octadepsipeptides and may be connected to incorporation in membranes.
Visible light mediated BODIPY/Azo/cyclodextrin based supramolecular polymer assemblies in different water content solutions
Authors: Li Hang , Zhou Liang-Liang , Chen Jia-Yi , Li Xing-Yu , Kuang Gui-Chao
Published: August 2020

A novel visible light responsive supramolecular polymer based on oligo(ethylene glycol) modified BODIPY (BDP), tetramethoxyazobenzene (Azo) and dimeric β-cyclodextrin (β-CD-C) was reported.
Transition-metal-free highly regioselective C–H acetoxylation of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives
Authors: Mao Zhengtong , Liu Min , Zhu Gaoyang , Zhou Jing , Zhang Xingxian
Published: August 2020

Transition-metal-free catalyzed direct C(sp2)–H acetoxylation of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives is reported. This protocol provides a variety of acetoxylated pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines in good to excellent yields.
Synthesis of S-aryl thioesters via palladium-catalyzed thiocarbonylation of aryl iodides and aryl sulfonyl hydrazides
Authors: Kim Yeojin , Song Kwang Ho , Lee Sunwoo
Published: August 2020

Aryl sulfonyl hydrazide reacted with aryl iodide in the presence of CO to give the corresponding S-aryl thioesters.
A hierarchical Ca/TiO2/NH2-MIL-125 nanocomposite photocatalyst for solar visible light induced photodegradation of organic dye pollutants in water
Authors: Ahmadpour Najmeh , Sayadi Mohammad Hossein , Homaeigohar Shahin
Published: August 2020

In this study, for the first time, the Ca/TiO2/NH2-MIL-125 nanocomposite photocatalyst was synthesized for the purpose of photodegradation of Methyl Orange (MO) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes under visible light irradiation.
Dual-enzyme and NADPH co-embedded organic–inorganic hybrid nanoflowers prepared using biomimetic mineralization for the asymmetric synthesis of (R)-(−)-pantolactone
Authors: Cheng Pengfei , Tang Manman , Chen Zhiji , Liu Wen , Jiang Xinpeng , Pei Xiaolin , Su Weike
Published: August 2020

A SA-coated hNF composite was designed to co-immobilize dual enzymes and coenzyme NADP+ for the asymmetric synthesis of d-(−)-pantolactone.
A traceless linker for aliphatic amines that rapidly and quantitatively fragments after reduction
Authors: He Maomao , Li Jie , Han Hesong , Borges Clarissa Araujo , Neiman Gabriel , Røise Joachim Justad , Hadaczek Piotr , Mendonsa Rima , Holm Victoria R. , Wilson Ross C. , Bankiewicz Krystof , Zhang Yumiao , Sadlowski Corinne M. , Healy Kevin , Riley Lee W. , Murthy Niren
Published: August 2020

Reduction sensitive linkers (RSLs) have the potential to transform the field of drug delivery due to their ease of use and selective cleavage in intracellular environments.
Metal–organic tube or layered assembly: reversible sheet-to-tube transformation and adaptive recognition
Authors: Tian Jiayue , Liu Luyao , Zhou Kang , Hong Zixiao , Chen Qihui , Jiang Feilong , Yuan Daqiang , Sun Qingfu , Hong Maochun
Published: August 2020

A new strategy for preparing metal–organic tubes with reversible sheet-to-tube transformation character has been developed. The new-formed tube can selectively recognize and separate guest molecules with similar size.
In situ fabrication of dendritic tin-based carbon nanostructures for hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Ola Oluwafunmilola , Chen Yu , Thummavichai Kunyapat , Zhu Yanqiu
Published: August 2020

In this work, dendritic tin-based carbon nanostructures with different morphologies were synthesized by a facile two-step carbonization and chemical vapor deposition method and were then evaluated for their performance in hydrogen evolution reaction.
Simultaneous high efficiency/CRI/spectral stability and low efficiency roll-off hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes via simple insertion of ultrathin red/green phosphorescent emitters in a blue exciplex
Authors: Chen Yuwen , Wu Yibing , Lin Chengwei , Dai Yanfeng , Sun Qian , Yang Dezhi , Qiao Xianfeng , Ma Dongge
Published: August 2020

High performance hybrid WOLEDs have been realized by precisely inserting ultrathin red/green phosphorescent layers in a blue exciplex emitter.
Tutorial: Motor-Based Treatment Strategies for /r/ Distortions
Authors: Preston Jonathan L. , Benway Nina R. , Leece Megan C. , Hitchcock Elaine R. , McAllister Tara
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This tutorial summarizes current best practices in treating American English /r/ distortions in children with residual speech errors.

Method

To enhance the effectiveness of clinicians' cueing and feedback, the phonetics of /r/ production is reviewed. Principles of acquisition, which can inform how to practice /r/ in the early stages of therapy, are explained. Elements of therapy that lack scientific support are also mentioned.

Results

Although there is significant variability in /r/ production, the common articulatory requirements include an oral constriction, a pharyngeal constriction, tongue body lowering, lateral bracing, and slight lip rounding. Examples of phonetic cues and shaping strategies are provided to help clinicians elicit these movements to evoke correct /r/ productions. Principles of acquisition (e.g., blocked practice, frequent knowledge of performance feedback) are reviewed to help clinicians structure the earliest stages of treatment to establish /r/. Examples of approaches that currently lack scientific support include nonspeech oral motor exercises, tactile cues along the mylohyoid muscle, and heterogeneous groupings in group therapy.

Conclusion

Treatment strategies informed by phonetic science and motor learning theory can be implemented by all clinicians to enhance acquisition of /r/ for children with residual errors.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12771329
Updating and Refining Prevalence Rates of Traumatic Brain Injury–Related Communication Disorders Among Post-9/11 Veterans: A Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Study
Authors: Norman Rocío S. , Swan Alicia A. , Jenkins Angela , Ballard Matthew , Amuan Megan , Pugh Mary Jo
Published: August 2020

Purpose

To describe the prevalence of communication disorders in a cohort of 84,377 deployed post-9/11 veterans stratified by blast traumatic brain injury (TBI) exposure. Secondary aim was to evaluate the association between postconcussion symptoms, such as posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, anxiety, insomnia, pain, headache, substance use disorder, and auditory problems, among veterans with and without a communication disorder diagnosis.

Method

This is a retrospective study of the prevalence of aphasia, apraxia of speech and dysarthria, cognitive-communication disorder, fluency, and voice disorders among veterans, stratified by TBI severity and blast status. Data were obtained from the national Operation Enduring Freedom, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation New Dawn roster file provided by the Department of Veterans Affairs Office of Public Health and the Veterans Affairs' TBI screening and subsequent comprehensive TBI evaluation.

Results

Cognitive-communication disorder was the most prevalent diagnosis, comprising 57.1% of all communication disorder diagnoses, followed by voice disorder (19%) and aphasia (16%). Increased age was significantly associated with higher rates of aphasia, apraxia of speech/dysarthria, and voice disorder.

Conclusions

The current study shows that, while the overall total number of communication disorder diagnoses was higher in the blast groups than in the nonblast groups, TBI severity was a more significant risk factor for a diagnosis, with veterans in the more severe groups at a higher risk of being diagnosed with a communication disorder when compared to those with mild TBI and no blast exposure. In order to better inform rehabilitation and clinical management of communication conditions, it is critical to examine the influence of blast and postconcussive symptoms in post-9/11 veterans.
Sicherheitslücken in der Endoskopie
Authors: Pfeifer Ute
Published: August 2020

Immer wieder kommt es in deutschen Kliniken und Praxen zu Einbrüchen mit Diebstahlsdelikten. Mehrere Presseberichte und TV-Sendungen berichteten in der Vergangenheit von Diebstählen, die offensichtlich von organisierten und insbesondere auch gut informierten kriminellen Banden verübt wurden. Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, noch einmal im Detail zu informieren, zu sensibilisieren sowie mögliche Sicherheitslücken aufzudecken und zu schließen.
Endoskopie in der niedergelassenen Praxis – was ist anders als im Krankenhaus?
Authors: Toermer Thomas
Published: August 2020

Die Endoskopie ist ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der gastroenterologischen Arbeit. Die Endoskopieeinheiten unterliegen strengen qualitätsgesicherten Auflagen, welche sowohl für die Endoskopie im Krankenhaus als auch in der niedergelassenen Praxis gelten.

Darüber hinaus ist die Vorgehensweise bei der endoskopischen Diagnosestellung gastrointestinaler Erkrankungen eng an Leitlinien geknüpft. Diese Leitlinien dienen dem einheitlichen Vorgehen sowohl in der abulanten als auch in stationären Endoskopie.

Unterschiede finden sich lediglich in der Indikation für die Endoskopie. Hier liegt der Schwerpunkt der endoskopischen Untersuchung in der Niederlassung bei der Prävention und Überwachung und im Krankenhaus aufgrund der bestehenden erweiterten Infrastruktur bei der Intervention sowie der Notfallversorgung.