bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two types of North American droughts related to different atmospheric circulation patterns
Authors: Burgdorf Angela-Maria , Brönnimann Stefan , Franke Jörg
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Proxy-based studies suggest that the southwestern USA is affected by two
types of summer drought, often termed Dust Bowl-type droughts and 1950s-type
droughts. The spatial drought patterns of the two types are distinct. It has
been suggested that they are related to different circulation
characteristics, but a lack of observation-based data has precluded further
studies. In this paper, we analyze multi-annual summer droughts in North
America back to 1600 in tree-ring-based drought reconstructions and in a
global, monthly three-dimensional reconstruction of the atmosphere. Using
cluster analysis of drought indices, we confirm the two main drought types
and find a similar catalog of events as previous studies. These two main
types of droughts are then analyzed with respect to 2 m temperatures (T2m),
sea-level pressure (SLP), and 500 hPa geopotential height (GPH) in boreal summer.
1950s-type droughts are related to a stronger wave train over the
Pacific–North American sector than Dust Bowl-type droughts, whereas the
latter show the imprint of a poleward-shifted jet and establishment of a
Great Plains ridge. The 500 hPa GPH patterns of the two types differ
significantly not only over the contiguous United States and Canada but also
over the extratropical North Atlantic and the Pacific. Dust Bowl-type droughts are
associated with positive GPH anomalies, while 1950s-type droughts exhibit
strong negative GPH anomalies. In comparison with 1950s-type droughts, the
Dust Bowl-type droughts are characterized by higher sea-surface temperatures
(SSTs) in the northern North Atlantic. Results suggest that atmospheric circulation
and SST characteristics not only over the Pacific but also over the
extratropical North Atlantic affect the spatial pattern of North American
droughts.
Stoichiometrically coupled carbon and nitrogen cycling in the MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization model (MIMICS-CN)
Authors: Kyker-Snowman Emily , Wieder William R. , Frey Serita , Grandy A. Stuart
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Explicit consideration of microbial physiology in soil biogeochemical models that represent coupled carbon-nitrogen dynamics presents opportunities to deepen understanding of ecosystem responses to environmental change. The MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS) model explicitly represents microbial physiology and physicochemical stabilization of soil carbon (C) on regional and global scales. Here we present a new version of MIMICS with coupled C and nitrogen (N) cycling through litter, microbial, and soil organic matter (SOM) pools. The model was parameterized and validated against C and N data from the Long-Term Inter-site Decomposition Experiment Team (LIDET; 6 litter types, 10 years of observations, 13 sites across North America). The model simulates C and N losses from litterbags in the LIDET study with reasonable accuracy (C: R2 = 0.63, N: R2 = 0.29) results that are comparable with simulations from the DAYCENT model that implicitly represents microbial activity (C: R2 = 0.67, N: R2 = 0.30). Subsequently, we evaluated equilibrium values of stocks (total soil C and N, microbial biomass C and N, inorganic N) and microbial process rates (soil heterotrophic respiration, N mineralization) simulated by MIMICS-CN across the 13 simulated LIDET sites against published observations from other continent-wide datasets. We found that MIMICS-CN produces equilibrium values in line with measured values, showing that the model generates plausible estimates of ecosystem soil biogeochemical dynamics across continental-scale gradients. MIMICS-CN provides a platform for coupling C and N projections in a microbial-explicit model but experiments still need to identify the physiological and stoichiometric characteristics of soil microbes, especially under environmental change scenarios.
A three-dimensional palaeohydrogeological reconstruction of the groundwater salinity distribution in the Nile Delta Aquifer
Authors: van Engelen Joeri , Verkaik Jarno , King Jude , Nofal Eman R. , Bierkens Marc F. P. , Oude Essink Gualbert H. P.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Holocene marine transgressions are often put forward to explain observed
groundwater salinities that extend far inland in deltas. This hypothesis was
also proposed in the literature to explain the large land-inward extent of
saline groundwater in the Nile Delta. The groundwater models previously
built for the area used very large dispersivities to reconstruct this saline
and brackish groundwater zone. However, this approach cannot explain the
observed freshening of this zone. Here, we investigated the physical
plausibility of the Holocene-transgression hypothesis to explain observed
salinities by conducting a palaeohydrogeological reconstruction of
groundwater salinity for the last 32 ka with a complex 3-D variable-density
groundwater flow model, using a state-of-the-art version of the SEAWAT computer
code that allows for parallel computation. Several scenarios with
different lithologies and hypersaline groundwater provenances were
simulated, of which five were selected that showed the best match with
the observations. Amongst these selections, total freshwater volumes varied
strongly, ranging from 1526 to 2659 km3, mainly due to uncertainties in
the lithology offshore and at larger depths. This range is smaller
(1511–1989 km3) when we only consider the volumes of onshore fresh
groundwater within 300 m depth. In all five selected scenarios the total
volume of hypersaline groundwater exceeded that of seawater. We also show
that during the last 32 ka, total freshwater volumes significantly declined,
with a factor ranging from 2 to 5, due to the rising sea level. Furthermore,
the time period required to reach a steady state under current boundary
conditions exceeded 5.5 ka for all scenarios. Finally, under highly
permeable conditions the marine transgression simulated with the
palaeohydrogeological reconstruction led to a steeper fresh–salt interface
compared to its steady-state equivalent, while low-permeable clay layers
allowed for the preservation of fresh groundwater volumes. This shows that
long-term transient simulations are needed when estimating present-day
fresh–salt groundwater distributions in large deltas. The insights of this
study are also applicable to other major deltaic areas, since many also
experienced a Holocene marine transgression.
Scale-dependent analysis of in situ observations in the mesoscale to submesoscale range around New Caledonia
Authors: Sérazin Guillaume , Marin Frédéric , Gourdeau Lionel , Cravatte Sophie , Morrow Rosemary , Dabat Mei-Ling
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Small-scale ocean dynamics around New Caledonia (22° S) in the Southwest Pacific Ocean occur in regions with substantial mesoscale eddies, complex bathymetry, complex intertwined currents, islands, and strong internal tides. Using second order structure functions applied to observational ADCP and TSG dataset, these small-scale dynamics are characterised in the range of scales 3–100 km in order to determine the turbulent regime at work. A Helmholtz decomposition is used to analyse the contribution of rotational and divergent motions. A surface intensified regime is shown to be at work south and east of New Caledonia, involving substantial rotational motions such as submesoscale structures generated by mixed layer instabilities and frontogenesis. This regime is however absent north of New Caledonia, where mesoscale eddies are weaker and surface available potential energy is smaller at small scales. North of New Caledonia and below 200 m in the regions south and east of New Caledonia, the dynamical regime at work could be explained by stratified turbulence as divergent and rotational motions have similar contribution, but weakly nonlinear interaction between inertia gravity waves are also possible as structure functions get close to the empirical spectrum model for inertia gravity waves. Seasonal variations of the available potential energy reservoir, associated with a change in the vertical profile rather than in horizontal density variance, suggest that submesoscale motions would also seasonally vary around New Caledonia. Overall, a loss of geostrophic balance is likely to occur at scales smaller than 10 km, where the contribution of divergent motions become significant.
Azimuth-, angle- and frequency-dependent seismic velocities of cracked rocks due to squirt flow
Authors: Alkhimenkov Yury , Caspari Eva , Lissa Simon , Quintal Beatriz
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Understanding the properties of cracked rocks is of great importance in scenarios involving CO2 geological sequestration, nuclear waste disposal, geothermal energy, and hydrocarbon exploration and production. Developing non-invasive detecting and monitoring methods for such geological formations is crucial. Many studies show that seismic waves exhibit strong dispersion and attenuation across a broad frequency range due to fluid flow at the pore scale known as squirt flow. Nevertheless, how and to what extent squirt flow affects seismic waves is still a matter of investigation. To fully understand its angle- and frequency-dependent behavior for specific geometries appropriate numerical simulations are needed. We perform a three-dimensional numerical study of the fluid-solid deformation at the pore scale based on coupled Lame-Navier and Navier-Stokes linear quasistatic equations. We show that seismic wave velocities exhibit strong azimuth-, angle- and frequency-dependent behavior due to squirt flow between interconnected cracks. We show that the overall anisotropy of a medium mainly increases due to squirt flow but in some specific planes the anisotropy can locally decrease. We analyze the Thomsen-type anisotropic parameters and adopt another scalar parameter which can be used to measure the anisotropy strength of a model with any elastic symmetry. This work significantly clarifies the impact of squirt flow on seismic wave anisotropy in three dimensions and can potentially be used to improve the geophysical monitoring and surveying of fluid-filled cracked porous zones in the subsurface.
Celebrar el encuentro entre el arte y la sociedad. Una conversación con Miguel Zugaza
Authors: Fernández del Campo Eva
Published: December 2019

Celebrar el encuentro entre el arte y la sociedad. Una conversación con Miguel Zugaza
Los leones de El Macalón (Nerpio, Albacete). Monumento, ideología y control territorial en la formación del mundo ibérico
Authors: Chapa Teresa , González Reyero Susana , Alba Luzón Miriam
Published: December 2019

En este trabajo se propone que las esculturas de El Macalón corresponden a leones y no a esfinges, teniendo en cuenta sus características morfológicas. El número de 5/6 ejemplares idénticos permite proponer la existencia de un único monumento ligado a una necrópolis, localizada en el acceso al poblado de El Macalón. Los indicios cronológicos señalan una cronología antigua, entre la segunda mitad s. VII y VI a.C. La iconografía del león tiene una fuerte implicación religiosa y política, y se relaciona con una apropiación del territorio y de las vías de comunicación por parte de comunidades que muestran importantes vínculos con productos de origen oriental. En el s. VI a.C. el yacimiento muestra signos de violencia coincidiendo con la crisis que afecta al mundo fenicio en toda la zona del sureste.
Antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of leave extracts of Helianthus annuus
Authors: Akpor Oghenerobor , Olaolu Tomilola , Rotimi Damilare
Published: December 2019

Helianthus annuus has been widely used for its medicinal and nutritional properties. This study was aimed at assessing the ethyl acetate, n-hexane and methanol extracts of Helianthus annuus for antibacterial and antioxidant potentials.  The phytochemical screening, total phenols, DPPH radical scavenging assay and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity were carried out following standard procedures. Preliminary screening of the antibacterial activities of the extracts was carried out on five bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae), using the agar-diffusion method. Growth rate studies in presence of the extract was investigated on two bacterial species (Bacillus subtilis and E. coli). The methanol extract was observed to inhibit the growth of the five bacterial species while ethyl acetate and N-hexane extracts showed inhibition against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Extended lag periods of 5 - 6 h were observed when the Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli were grown in broth medium that contained the respective extracts. In broth medium with mixture of extract and ascorbic acid, there was no observed growth of the Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli throughout the 7 h incubation period. The total phenolics content of the extracts revealed concentrations of 6.66 ±0.45, 5.58 ±0.11 and 6.06±0.41 mg TAE.g-1) for the methanol, N-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging assay results displayed gradual increase in percentage inhibition from the lowest to the highest concentration across all the standard groups, a similar trend was observed with the extracts, the ethyl acetate extract showed highest percentage inhibition amongst the other extracts. All the extracts showed high reducing power ability. The nitric oxide scavenging ability of the extracts showed constant increase with increase in concentration. Helianthus annus, it could be a good source of antimicrobial and antioxidant especially in a world where resistance to antibiotic has increasingly become a global concern.
Robert Coles and Cormac McCarthy: A Case Study of Literary Patronage
Authors: Luce Dianne C.
Published: December 2019

This article draws on the extensive archives of Robert Coles, the records of the Lyndhurst Foundation, and other archival collections to explore Coles's and others' patronage of Cormac McCarthy from 1968 through 1986. Drawn to McCarthy's work through his interest in Appalachian writers, especially those of a spiritual bent, Coles wrote reviews of Outer Dark, Child of God, and Suttree for the New Yorker and wrote in support of McCarthy's 1976 Guggenheim fellowship. Soon after, he initiated a correspondence and friendship with McCarthy. Learning that McCarthy's financial situation was hindering his work, Coles facilitated his receiving a Lyndhurst fellowship, with support of $20,000 annually in late 1979, 1980, and 1981. Then he promoted Lyndhurst's copublishing Suttree in trade paperback in 1986. Finally, a case can be made that Coles influenced McCarthy's receipt of a MacArthur fellowship in 1981. Working almost invisibly behind the scenes, Coles had a great deal to do with McCarthy's surviving his leanest years.
A Farewell to Arm Candy
Authors: Curnutt Kirk
Published: December 2019

Andrea di Robilant's Autumn in Venice: Ernest Hemingway and His Last Muse chronicles more scrupulously than ever before the venerable writer's late-in-life infatuation with Adriana Ivancich, a young Venetian some thirty years his junior. Di Robilant—whose great-uncle socialized with Hemingway in the late 1940s and 1950s—argues that Adriana, the inspiration for Renata in the much-mocked novel Across the River and Into the Trees (1950), invigorated the faltering Hemingway as he entered his twilight years, despite the pain that his embarrassing courting caused his fourth wife, Mary Welsh, and the tabloid scandal that engulfed the Ivancich family. Although most likely unconsummated, the relationship was intensely affectionate and flirtatious, as correspondence on both sides reveals. In the #MeToo era, however, this May-December “affair” raises uncomfortable questions about the power imbalance between famous artists and their “muses” that di Robilant declines to examine directly. The result is a sometimes-frustrating read: an entertainingly novelistic, albeit inevitably saturnine, account of a once great literary lion foolishly chasing youth, but a portrait that does not bring clarity to the motives of its main protagonists.
Introduction to Topics on “Uncertainty and Recent Challenges in Oil and Commodity Markets” Papers presented at the fifth International Symposium in Computational Economics and Finance organized in Paris on April 12-14th, 2018 www.iscef.Com
Authors: Jawadi Fredj , Serletis Apostolos
Published: December 2019

This ISCEF special issue of The Energy Journal presents new results in the area of energy economics to provide new insights on commodity markets, which will be helpful for investors, policymakers and analysts. In particular, this issue focuses on studies that use recent modeling techniques and empirical design. It introduces seven studies, presented at the fifth International Symposium in Computational Economics and Finance organized in Paris on April 12-14th, 2018 (www.iscef. com). These studies focus on the investigation of the dynamics of commodity markets, discuss the consequences of uncertainty on energy prices and their effects on the real economy and financial markets, and use high frequency data and recent econometric methods to empirically investigate the interactions between commodity markets and financial markets.
Las producciones cerámicas argáricas. Entre la vida cotidiana y la muerte anda el juego
Authors: Alarcón García Eva
Published: December 2019

Las producciones cerámicas prehistóricas han sido, son y serán una fuente de información inigualable de las sociedades de nuestro pasado. En este trabajo se presentan los estudios realizados, desde una perspectiva de la arqueología feminista, de género y edad, de los recipientes cerámicos del sureste peninsular adscritos a la cultura del Argar. Para ello nos valdremos del análisis de dos registros arqueológicos muy concretos y muy paradigmáticos de esta cultura de la Edad del Bronce, la vida cotidiana y la vida tras la muerte, ambas materializadas en un mismo espacio, los contextos domésticos.
Un análisis crítico de las colecciones de referencia etnográficas para el estudio del modelado
Authors: Roselló Jaume García , Calvo Trias Manuel
Published: December 2019

En el contexto actual, los estudios de modelado de la cerámica en arqueología van adquiriendo cada vez más fuerza. En ello ha tenido un papel fundamental la utilización de la información etnográfica. En el presente trabajo ofrecemos una reflexión sobre el protagonismo que han tenido las colecciones de cerámica etnográficas como elementos de referencia para la consolidación del método traceológico aplicado a la identificación de las técnicas de modelado. Esta praxis podría ser considerada una investigación etnoarqueológica concebida como una estrategia experimental con el fin de obtener una información de referencia válida para aplicar al estudio del modelado en cerámicas de origen arqueológico.
Vasos cerámicos, mercados y la construcción de periferias en el curso bajo del río Omo (Etiopía)
Authors: Salazar Bonet Juan , Clack Timothy , Brittain Marcus
Published: December 2019

Este artículo examina la sustitución de una producción local de vasos cerámicos por otra foránea adquirida en el mercado. En arqueología se asocia el intercambio y la circulación de los objetos con la innovación y el cambio cultural. Sin embargo, los lugares donde se producen dichos intercambios suponen un desafío al paso del tiempo. La descripción de uno de estos espacios de mercado, en el actual sudoeste etíope, nos permite abordar la complejidad de las interacciones entre compradores mursi y alfareras aari, dos grupos del curso bajo del río Omo. El estudio incorpora variables de carácter temporal, espacial y tecnológico, y una metodología que combina la descripción tipológica con la obtención de testimonios orales. Los orígenes de los actuales mercados al aire libre en la región están vinculados a la conquista militar de la zona a finales del siglo XIX por parte del imperio etíope. Las consecuencias del acceso al mercado y el abandono de una tradición cerámica se manifiestan en múltiples esferas que superan el ámbito tecnológico. Estos espacios efímeros de interacción de objetos, productos y personas revelan su capacidad a la hora de crear nuevas jerarquías e identidades.
Previsão da demanda como suporte à filosofia lean
Authors: Souza Santos Pedro Vieira
Published: December 2019

O pensamento lean pode ser traduzido como um conjunto de princípios, ferramentas e técnicas que, combinadas, objetivam a melhoria, em termos de qualidade, custo, satisfação do cliente e outros. Diversas ferramentas e métodos podem auxiliar as organizações na busca por um ambiente fabril “enxuto”, desde por exemplo ferramentas da qualidade, tecnologia da informação e ainda, métodos matemático-estatísticos, como a previsão da demanda. Assim, o presente artigo que comporta-se como estudo de caso, teve como objetivo analisar a aplicação do modelo de Holt-Winters para Efeitos Sazonais Aditivos, numa empresa fabricante de polpa de frutas localizada em Pernambuco e comparar os ganhos obtidos sob a ótica da filosofia lean. Observou-se, entre outros ganhos, menor nível de estoques, tempo de espera reduzido e ainda menores custos. Ou seja, comprova-se que, quando aplicada a técnica de previsão da demanda, a gestão da empresa pode planejar melhor suas aquisições, determinar investimentos em ativos, contratação de mão de obra, ampliação da capacidade produtiva e ainda, estimar lucro da mesma.
Лексичні заміни в „Апокрисисі” Христофора Філалета
Authors: Ніка Оксана
Published: December 2019

The article analyses the lexical substitutions in Apocrysys polemic tractate by Krystofor Filalet, printed in the year 1598 or 1599, in the Ostrog printing house owned by Great Prince of Ostrog. It is the translation of the Polish version of Apocrysys printed in 1597 in O. Rodeckyi’s printing house. The copies of this old printed work in the ”ruska mova” („the Ruthenian language”), kept at the V.I. Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine and at the Vilnius University Library, were compared. In the old printed texts, translation of words was proposed with the help of notes on the page margins. Lexical substitutions are analyzed in the context, their ﬁ xation in the contemporary dictionaries and historical lexicographical papers is indicated. Notably, the substitutions of Latinisms and, occasionally, Polonisms prevail. Church Slavonic and bookish Ukrainian elements appear instead. It was concluded that text substitutions in the Apocrysys may have other translation and explanation in dictionaries of that time, or are not recorded in them at all.
Виселені, але з почуттям своєї гідності. Приклад української спільноти з Валча
Authors: Трохановський Аркадій
Published: December 2019

The Ukrainians were displaced in 1947. The number of 2734 people were displaced to the the vicinity of Wałcz. The Greek Catholic church was considered illegal in Poland. The Greek Catholic parish in Wałcz, which was established only in 1959, played an important role in shaping religious and national consciousness among Ukrainians on the Land of Wałcz. In 1959 Teodor Markiw, priest begins his pastoral work. The Greek Catholic parish was a pillar in the ﬁ ght against national and religious assimilation for the displaced Ukrainian population from the “Vistula” campaign. The Ukrainian community was going through various stages of its existence, among others: a period without speciﬁ c forms of religious worship – the believers without a parish, pastoral activity and integration of a dispersed community. The Greek Catholic parish helps break down various stereotypes. The Ukrainian community in Wałcz keeps in close contact with Ukraine. The article shows the presents activity of the parish on two levels: religious and national.
Motyw choroby i dysfunkcji w powieści Marii Matios Słodka Darusia
Authors: Zambrzycka Marta
Published: December 2019

The text concerns the subject of the disease in Ukrainian literature based on the novel by Maria Matios Sweet Darusia. The novel was published in 2003, has received many awards and is one of the most famous Ukrainian novels of the last decades. Many Ukrainian literary scholars have written about this novel, including Soﬁ a Filonenko, Jaroslaw Holoborodko, Nila Zborowska and Tamara Hundorowa. Maria Matios analyzes in Sweet Darusia an illness as a metaphor for social and cultural phenomena. In the ﬁ rst part of my paper, I analyse the metaphor of a disease and dysfunction in Ukrainian literature. The second part of the text is about a disease as a consequence of the traumatic experience of the heroine, in which Maria Matios illustrates the problems of memory of the Ukrainian nation. Diseases, dysfunctions, and pathological states are quite popular motifs in the Ukrainian prose of the independence period. They appear, among others, in the texts of Yuri Andrukhovych, Stepan Procuik, Oksana Zabuzko, Yuri Gudz, and Yuri Izdryk. All mentioned authors combine a state of disease with the mental, political and economic condition of post-Soviet society. In Ukrainian prose, the disease is a posttraumatic symptom, manifested in both the individual plan – in the hero’s body and psyche – and also with a broader, over-individual dimension, allowing to diagnose the condition of post-totalitarian space residents. In the novel Sweet Darusia, physical suﬀ ering and illness of the main character is an image of a historical trauma experienced by totalitarian society. The illness in this novel is the starting point for self-reﬂ ection and the stimulus to construct new identiﬁ cation, basing on what is individual, human, intimate but often painful and diﬃcult to accept.
Copper-Graphene Composite Materials: Manufacturing Technology and Properties
Authors: MAJEWSKI Tomasz , SARZYŃSKI Marcin , SIENKIEWICZ Judyta , SZAWŁOWSKI Jerzy , BABUL Tomasz , JOŃCZYK Sylwester
Published: December 2019

The article presents the results of preliminary research into the feasibility of copper-graphene composite application in the production of shaped charge liners in HEAT ammunition from graphene-coated copper grain powders by powder metallurgy techniques. Copper powder grains were coated with graphene with a machine and process developed at the Institute of Precision Mechanics in Warsaw (Poland). The characteristics of the applied powdered materials (including particle size distribution) were determined in this work. The paper discloses the result of graphene identification by Raman spectroscopy. The presence of graphene was confirmed in the processed copper powder. The paper discusses the preparation of copper powder by grinding (refinement) and reduction for consolidation. Powder mixtures of pure copper and graphene powder were applied at different component ratios. P/M compacts and sinters (agglomerates) for the test specimens were made from the proposed mixtures by die pressing and sintering in dissociated ammonia gas. Examples of microstructures and selected test results of material properties are shown for the produced sinters.
The paper shows a selection of test results for the copper-graphene composites produced by PPS (Pulse Plasma Sintering) from 100% graphene-coated copper powder. The properties of the produced composite materials were determined, including their density, porosity, and a selection of mechanical properties identified by DSI (Depth Sensing Indentation). It was found that the copper-graphene composite met the primary design criteria applied to shaped charged liners for HEAT munitions. In “traditional” powder metallurgy processes, high-density products can be produced if the composite material features a low content of graphene-coated copper powder; PPS, however, makes the production viable with 100% graphene-coated copper powder.
Road safety in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Presentation of international research results
Authors: Dworzecki Jacek
Published: December 2019

The safety of road users is one of the most important elements of the functioning of every society. The data published by the European Commission shows that on roads in the EU in 2017 was 25.3 thousand deaths occuried in road accidents. To reduce the number of road accident victims, threats in this area should be identified and appropriate solutions implemented. The article presents factors in traffic accidents, elements of human mentality which have a significant impact on driving a vehicle, factors influencing a driver’s action in traffic and correlation of the system of safety management including the procedure of risk management. The article presents partial results of international scientific research carried out in Poland, Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. In the survey participated respondents from ten cities. Opinions were obtained from 642 people on the subject of individual personality factors determine the behaviour of vehicle drivers. Furthermore were presented respondents´ answers regarding legal changes relating to the proposal penalties for drivers participating in road traffic under the influence of alcohol and drugs. The article has been prepared within the frames of realizing a research project called „Simulator supporting police officers’ training in the implementation of activities during a road accident” no. DOB-BIO9/06/01/2018, which has received funding from the Polish National Centre for Research and Development.
Monitoramento proativo e gerenciamento de rede da UFMT, usando a ferramenta Zabbix
Authors: dos Santos Jonata , dos Santos Jeison , Pereira Roberto
Published: December 2019

Este artigo relata os benefícios alcançados por meio da implantação de uma solução de monitoramento de rede proativa na UFMT, usando a ferramenta Zabbix. A implantação foi realizada pelos técnicos da Secretaria de Tecnologia da Informação da UFMT e utilizou ambientes computacionais em container, por meio do uso da ferramenta Docker. Foram definidos os requisitos funcionais essenciais para a implantação, sendo eles: envio de mensagem por aplicativo de celular, informando incidentes ocorridos na rede; e geração de relatórios e gráficos. Através da implantação, a Universidade obteve uma solução de monitoramento de rede de proativa e gratuita, possibilitando a eficaz e a eficiência das resoluções dos problemas, e diminuindo o tempo de resposta nos atendimentos de infraestrutura de rede.
Aplicação de Algoritmos de Mineração de Dados para Traçar um Panorama da Situação das Unidades Prisionais no Brasil
Authors: dos Santos Junior Odolir , Fernandes Anita , Oliveira Rodrigo
Published: December 2019

Este artigo apresenta a proposta de aplicação de algoritmos de mineração de dados em uma base de dados composta por dados oriundos do INFOPEN, IBGE e DATASUS, buscando traçar um panorama das unidades prisionais no Brasil. Dados de 2000 a 2018, categorizados por cidades brasileiras estão sendo cruzados em uma base única e a partir dai serão tratados e preparados para serem analisados pelos algoritmos de mineração.
Detecção de Sentimento Utilizando Deep Learning para Auxílio em Análise Forense
Authors: Maria Felipe , Ventura Thiago
Published: December 2019

Gritos e gemidos são uma forma específica de se comunicar e carregam um sentimento por trás de quem reproduz o som. Foi utilizado técnicas de Machine Learning para fazer a detecção de sentimento nos mais diversos sons produzidos por pessoas. Foi desenvolvido um modelo de Deep Learning para realizar essa classificação, atingindo uma precisão de 93,5%.
Facebook como Ferramenta de Apoio ao Ensino
Authors: Martins Ernane , Gouveia Luís
Published: December 2019

Esse artigo apresenta os resultados obtidos através de uma experiência com a utilização da Rede Social Facebook, como apoio nas práticas pedagógicas. A pesquisa é de abordagem quantitativa, com características de um levantamento de informações e teve como público alvo discentes da disciplina de Gerencia de Projetos do curso Superior em Sistemas de Informação (SI). Como resultado, concluiu-se que o Facebook, na opinião dos participantes deste estudo, pode ser uma ferramenta muito eficaz como apoio nas práticas pedagógicas.
Utilização de Modelo de Extração de Texto em Registros Clínicos
Authors: Balestrin Mateus , Webber Filipe , Kuretzki Carlos
Published: December 2019

O presente estudo criou um modelo de aprendizado de máquina supervisionado para auxiliar os profissionais de saúde no diagnóstico de doenças. Utilizando o Watson Natural Language Understanding aliado ao Watson Knowledge Studio foi possível prever, a partir dos sintomas, quais as probabilidades de existência de determinadas doenças. O modelo de machine learning criado foi capaz de extrair dados diretamente dos prontuários eletrônicos.
Soluções Paralelas para o Problema de Roteamento Usando o Algoritmo de Lee
Authors: Tavares William , Moreano Nahri
Published: December 2019

O algoritmo de Lee é uma técnica popular para realizar o roteamento de trilhas em uma placa de circuito. No âmbito de VLSI, essa tarefa se torna computacionalmente intensa e exige grande quantidade de memória. Este artigo avalia otimizações descritas na literatura que reduzem o consumo de tempo e memória do algoritmo, e propõe, de maneira construtiva, técnicas para a paralelização do mesmo. O resultado final apresentou speedup de 2, 25 com 2 threads e 3, 70 com 4 threads.
pamPython: proposta de um processador para executar algoritmos Python
Authors: Bitencourt Tulio , Neves Bruno
Published: December 2019

Este artigo descreve o processo de desenvolvimento de um processador capaz de executar algoritmos escritos em Python. Esse processador foi desenvolvido utilizando-se a linguagem de descrição de hardware chamada VHDL e seu principal objetivo era seguir a documentação Python e executar seu respectivo código Assembly. Foi alcançado, como resultado desta primeira versão, uma arquitetura de propósito geral funcional.
Arquitetura Adaptável para Execução de Redes Neurais Artificiais em Dispositivos FPGA
Authors: Castro Welbert , Heinen Milton , Neves Bruno
Published: December 2019

Dentro do campo de Inteligências Artificiais, as Redes Neurais Artificiais (RNA) recebem destaque pela capacidade de aprender através de processos de treinamento e sua pluralidade de aplicações, que vão desde a classificação de padrões até o cálculo de funções. A implementação de algoritmos em hardware permite a paralelização de etapas e, então, a aceleração de processamento. Este trabalho propõe uma arquitetura de hardware de propósito geral para a execução de RNA em dispositivos FPGA. Implementada através da linguagem VHDL, a arquitetura proposta processa uma camada em média a cada 3 ciclos de clock. Simulada no dispositivo EP3C25F324C6, foi atingida a frequência de clock de 106.53 MHz e necessários 65.5 Kb de memória.
Utilizando a biblioteca PAPI para avaliar diferentes abordagens de construção de curvas b-spline
Authors: David Vitor , Araújo Douglas , Zamith Marcelo , Paula Ubiratam De
Published: December 2019

Tendo em vista a importância da paralelização de trechos do algoritmo, para a obtenção de desempenho, este artigo propõe a análise de desempenho para diferentes nı́veis de abordagens paralelas permitindo concluir a melhor abordagem para curvas B-spline. O desempenho foi avaliado utilizando diferentes nı́veis de paralelização, por meio de instruções, com a vetorização, e por meio de núcleos, através das threads. Nossos resultados demonstraram que uma abordagem através de núcleos obteve um aproveitamento muito bom enquanto que a vetorização não obteve ganhos.
Secure and efficient software implementation of QC-MDPC code-based cryptography
Authors: Guimarães Antonio , Aranha Diego , Borin Edson
Published: December 2019

The emergence of quantum computers is pushing an unprecedented transition in the public key cryptography field. Conventional algorithms, mostly represented by elliptic curves and RSA, are vulnerable to attacks using quantum computers and need, therefore, to be replaced. Cryptosystems based on error-correcting codes are considered some of the most promising candidates to replace them for encryption schemes. Among the code families, QC-MDPC codes achieve the smallest key sizes while maintaining the desired security properties. Their performance, however, still needs to be greatly improved to reach a competitive level. In this work, we focus on optimizing the performance of QC-MDPC code-based cryptosystems through improvements concerning both their implementations and algorithms. We first present a new enhanced version of QcBits' key encapsulation mechanism, which is a constant time implementation of the Niederreiter cryptosystem using QC-MDPC codes. In this version, we updated the implementation parameters to meet the 128-bit quantum security level, replaced some of the core algorithms avoiding slower instructions, vectorized the entire code using the AVX 512 instruction set extension and introduced some other minor improvements. Comparing with the current state-of-the-art implementation for QC-MDPC codes, the BIKE implementation, our code performs 1.9 times faster when decrypting messages. We then optimize the performance of QC-MDPC code-based cryptosystems through the insertion of a configurable failure rate in their arithmetic procedures. We present constant time algorithms with a configurable failure rate for multiplication and inversion over binary polynomials, the two most expensive subroutines used in QC-MDPC implementations. Using a failure rate negligible compared to the security level (2^{-128}), our multiplication is 2 times faster than the one used in the NTL library on sparse polynomials and 1.6 times faster than a naive constant-time sparse polynomial multiplication. Our inversion algorithm, based on the inversion algorithm of Wu et al., is 2 times faster than the original and 12 times faster than the inversion algorithm of Itoh and Tsujii using the same modulus polynomial (x^{32749} - 1). By inserting these algorithms in our enhanced version of QcBits, we were able to achieve a speedup of 1.9 on the key generation and up to 1.4 on the decryption time. Comparing with BIKE, our final version of QcBits performs the uniform decryption 2.7 times faster. Moreover, the techniques presented in this work can also be applied to BIKE, opening new possibilities for further Improvements.
Nuer Sociality and Current Kinship Controversy
Authors: Shapiro Warren
Published: December 2019

In his critique of sociobiology, Marshall Sahlins relies heavily on Evans-Pritchard’s best-known publications on the Nuer. He maintains that Nuer sociality is most accurately analyzed as “culture,” not “biology.” This dichotomy is the basis of his more recent statement on human kinship. By contrast, it is shown here, based on a more comprehensive attention to the pertinent literature, that Nuer sociality is largely consistent with Darwinian and Western folk notions.
Colonial Material Collections and Representations of Devadasi Bodies in the Public Sphere in the Early 20th-Century South India
Authors: Kannan Rajalakshmi Nadadur
Published: December 2019

This article discusses how the politics of morality in the early 20th-century South India, in its gendered nation-building exercise, reified a distinction between sacred/profane by using devadasis’ bodies as material objects in the public sphere. Traditional performers of dance and music, devadasis were chosen to represent the profane in a series of historical developments in which both Europeans and Indian colonial elites participated in constructing and using the categories of the sacred and profane to classify sex and body as material, profane, and obscene. Specifically targeting devadasis, these developments resulted in ostracization and criminalization of devadasis and their communities. Using statues, poems, and literature as examples, this article shows how devadasis were collected as material objects and used to represent the notion that some bodies and sex were fundamentally materialistic whilst others were not, such as that of the “new woman” who was imagined to be an ideal woman, and the guardian of the sacred space in the colonial and postcolonial India.
Baş-Boyun BT Anjiyografi’de Otomatik Tüp Akımı Modülasyon Sisteminin Hasta Dozu ve Görüntü Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: YURT Ayşegül , HALİLOĞLU Rukiye Çakır , ÖZSOYKAL İsmail , ŞİŞMAN Gizem. , ADA Emel
Published: December 2019

Giriş: Bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) cihazları teknolojik gelişmeleri ile birlikte hastalıkların tanısında her geçen gün daha fazla kullanılmakta ve bunun sonucu olarak hasta dozlarında büyük bir artışa neden olmaktadır. Klinik olarak BT çekimleri çok yararlı olmasına rağmen, radyasyon dozu ve bunun meydana getirebileceği olası kanser riski geleceğin en büyük problemi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Bu nedenle BT taramalarında, görüntü kalitesinden ödün vermeden görüntüleme parametrelerini kontrol ederek hasta dozlarının düşürülmesi temel ilke olmalıdır.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, baş-boyun BT anjiyografi çekimlerinde otomatik tüp akım modülasyon (OTAM) sisteminin kullanılmasının hasta dozlarının azaltılması ve görüntü kalitesi üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır.

Yöntemler: Serebrovasküler hastalık nedeniyle izlenen 23 hasta bu çalışmaya dahil edilmiştir. Sabit tüp akımı (mAs) kullanılarak yapılmış rutin baş boyun BT anjiyografi taramasının takibi için gelen hastaya tüm görüntüleme parametreleri sabit kalmak kaydıyla sadece otomatik tüp akımı modülasyonu tekniği kullanılarak tetkik gerçekleştirildi. Her iki yöntemle elde edilen veriler, hem hastaya verilen doz hem de görüntü kalitesi açısından değerlendirildi ve karşılaştırıldı.

Bulgular: Akım modülasyonu sistemi kullanıldığında etkin doz değerinde %35’lik bir azalma gözlendi. Objektif değerlendirme için baş-boyun kısmında belirlenen 3 farklı anatomik bölgede sinyal-gürültü oranı (SNR) değerleri için beyin sapında %49, omuz bölgesinde %25, serebellumda ise %42 lik bir azalma olduğu bulundu. Subjektif değerlendirmede ise akım modülasyon sistemi kullanılarak elde edilen görüntüler 2 radyolog tarafından incelendi ve 0-4 arasındaki puanlama sonucunda bu görüntülerin ortalama puanı 2,2 olarak bulundu.

Sonuç: Baş-boyun anjiyo BT incelmelerinde otomatik akım modülasyonu ile radyasyon dozlarında belirgin azalma elde edilmiş, SNR nin azalmasına rağmen klinik açıdan tanısal kayıp olmadığı görülmüştür. Hasta dozlarının azaltılması ve tanısal açıdan dezavantaj oluşturmaması için uygun kriterlerde kullanılacak OTAM tekniğinin nöroanjiyo çekimlerinde rutin uygulamaya girmesi kesinlikle önerilmektedir.
Kolon adenokarsinomu ve yaygın diffüz büyük B hücreli lenfomaya sekonder prostat tutulumu: Nadir bir olgu
Authors: TEMEL Muhammed Cihan , AKAN Serkan , EDİZ Caner , KAYA TERZİ Neslihan , YILMAZ Ömer
Published: December 2019

Primer veya sekonder lenfoma prostatta görülen en nadir malignitelerdir. 64 yaşındaki erkek hasta halsizlik, bulantı

ve kilo kaybı şikâyetleri ile kliniğimize başvurdu. Gastrointestinal sistem değerlendirmesi sonucunda kolonoskopide

çekum / çıkan kolon seviyesinde görülen ülserovejetatif kitleden biyopsi alındı ve sonuç adenokarsinom olarak

raporlandı. Evreleme amaçlı yapılan F-18 Fluorodeoksiglikoz Pozitron Emisyon Tomografi görüntülemede; Yumuşak

dokuda ve çıkan kolonda diffüz, boyun-mediasten-akciğer-kas grupları içerisinde ve batında lokalize olmak üzere çok

sayıda hipermetabolik kitle ve sol femurda litik özellikli lezyon görüldü.

Prostat bezi sol üst lateralde yerleşimli yoğun hipermetabolik odak (SUVmax: 18.4) izlendi. Ürolojik değerlendirmede

digital rektal muayene ve prostat spesifik antijen normaldi. 12 kor prostat iğne biyopsisi yapılan hastada bir korda CD

20 ve BCL 2 pozitifliği, CD 3 negatifliği görüldü. Diğer doku biyopsileri ile uyumlu olarak prostatın sekonder diffüz

büyük B- hücreli lenfoması olarak raporlandı. Eş zamanlı kolon adenokarsinomu, yaygın metastatik diffüz büyük B

hücreli lenfoma ve buna sekonder prostat lenfoması görülen bu olguya benzer vaka sayısı literatüre bakıldığında

oldukça nadir olup; Dijital rektal muayenesi normal olan ve prostat spesifik antijen düzeyi normal saptanan

hastalarda metastaz olabilme ihtimalinin dışlanamayacağını akılda tutmak gerekir.
(Ne)morální advokáti: problém ospravedlnění norem profesní etiky
Authors: Hapla Martin
Published: December 2019

Normy profesní etiky často stanoví advokátům při výkonu jejich profese odlišné standardy chování, než jaké by v totožné situaci platily pro obyčejného člověka. Článek se zabývá otázkou, jak můžeme tyto rozdíly ospravedlnit prostřednictvím různých etických teorií. Autor v něm nejprve charakterizuje profesní etiku advokátů jako soubor právních a morálních norem. Následně analyzuje samotný problém její justifikace. Pozornost je věnována nejprve různým deontologickým přístupům (např. Charles Fried, David Luban). Autor rozebírá jejich nedostatky a dospívá k závěru, že musí primárně zdůrazňovat význam morálního a racionálního aktérství, pokud mají být věrohodné. Vstřícně se pak staví k utilitaristickému ospravedlnění. Také to je podle něj v kombinaci s některými pragmatickými hledisky schopno profesní etiku advokátů věrohodně justifikovat. Obě skupiny přístupů lze tedy považovat za relevantní a není proto vhodné z debat o výše uvedené etice některý z nich vylučovat.
Action Is the Best Prediction
Authors: Sankatsing Glenn ,   Caribbean Philosophical Association
Published: December 2019

In the Caribbean, we cannot stop the misconduct of irresponsible global actors who agitate the winds beyond their natural cycles and push the sea over our shores, but now, we should refuse to leave our destiny in the hands of those for whom nature’s only beauty is its monetary value. Humanity is reading on its earlier footprints before nature has had time to erase them. That undermines sustainability, the backbone of continuity, survival and development, which goes beyond the pleonasm of sustainable development invented by the dominant system in order to maintain its predatory economy rather than a sustainable ecology. Forced to live from reconstruction to reconstruction, the Caribbean has the moral authority to speak out and take command of our destiny along with other vulnerable states, in a fusion of local and global action.
Lutte contre le tabac auprès des jeunes non-fumeurs : intérêt de l’association d’émotions négatives dans les messages de prévention
Authors: Colin Cécile , Droulers Olivier
Published: December 2019

En France, la prévalence tabagique reste importante chez les jeunes : 32% des 18-24 ans fument quotidiennement. Il est donc important d’identifier des moyens efficaces incitant les jeunes non-fumeurs à ne pas commencer à fumer. Dans cette recherche expérimentale est examinée l’influence de l’ajout d’une émotion de colère à un message faisant appel à la peur sur l’attitude à l’égard du tabac et l’intention de ne pas (re)commencer à fumer chez les jeunes non-fumeurs. Les résultats montrent que chez les individus n’ayant jamais fumé, le message faisant appel à la peur et à la colère entraîne une attitude plus négative à l’égard du tabac que le message faisant appel à la peur. Par ailleurs, dans les précédentes études sur les messages faisant appel à la peur, les émotions suscitées par ce type de message (notamment la peur) sont rarement mesurées. Dans cette recherche nous montrons qu’un message d’appel à la peur suscite également d’autres émotions, en particulier de la tristesse et du dégoût. Ce résultat incite à mener des recherches complémentaires permettant de mieux cerner les déterminants de l’influence des messages faisant appel à la peur.