bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extrahypothalamic Control of Energy Balance and Its Connection with Reproduction: Roles of the Amygdala
Authors: Pineda Rafael , Torres Encarnacion , Tena-Sempere Manuel
Published: December 2021

Body energy and metabolic homeostasis are exquisitely controlled by multiple, often overlapping regulatory mechanisms, which permit the tight adjustment between fuel reserves, internal needs, and environmental (e.g., nutritional) conditions. As such, this function is sensitive to and closely connected with other relevant bodily systems, including reproduction and gonadal function. The aim of this mini-review article is to summarize the most salient experimental data supporting a role of the amygdala as a key brain region for emotional learning and behavior, including reward processing, in the physiological control of feeding and energy balance. In particular, a major focus will be placed on the putative interplay between reproductive signals and amygdala pathways, as it pertains to the control of metabolism, as complementary, extrahypothalamic circuit for the integral control of energy balance and gonadal function.
Structural and Functional Insights into the Microtubule Organizing Centers of Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp.
Authors: Tomasina Ramiro , González Fabiana C. , Francia Maria E.
Published: December 2021

Microtubule organizing centers (MTOCs) perform critical cellular tasks by nucleating, stabilizing, and anchoring microtubule’s minus ends. These capacities impact tremendously a wide array of cellular functions ranging from ascribing cell shape to orchestrating cell division and generating motile structures, among others. The phylum Apicomplexa comprises over 6000 single-celled obligate intracellular parasitic species. Many of the apicomplexan are well known pathogens such as Toxoplasma gondii and the Plasmodium species, causative agents of toxoplasmosis and malaria, respectively. Microtubule organization in these parasites is critical for organizing the cortical cytoskeleton, enabling host cell penetration and the positioning of large organelles, driving cell division and directing the formation of flagella in sexual life stages. Apicomplexans are a prime example of MTOC diversity displaying multiple functional and structural MTOCs combinations within a single species. This diversity can only be fully understood in light of each organism’s specific MT nucleation requirements and their evolutionary history. Insight into apicomplexan MTOCs had traditionally been limited to classical ultrastructural work by transmission electron microscopy. However, in the past few years, a large body of molecular insight has emerged. In this work we describe the latest insights into nuclear MTOC biology in two major human and animal disease causing Apicomplexans: Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium spp.
Isotopic and Chemical Assessment of the Dynamics of Methane Sources and Microbial Cycling during Early Development of an Oil Sands Pit Lake
Authors: Slater Greg F. , Goad Corey A. , Lindsay Matthew B. J. , Mumford Kevin G. , Colenbrander Nelson Tara E. , Brady Allyson L. , Jessen Gerdhard L. , Warren Lesley A.
Published: December 2021

Water-capped tailings technology (WCTT) is a key component of the reclamation strategies in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR) of northeastern Alberta, Canada. The release of microbial methane from tailings emplaced within oil sands pit lakes, and its subsequent microbial oxidation, could inhibit the development of persistent oxygen concentrations within the water column, which are critical to the success of this reclamation approach. Here, we describe the results of a four-year (2015–2018) chemical and isotopic (δ13C) investigation into the dynamics of microbial methane cycling within Base Mine Lake (BML), the first full-scale pit lake commissioned in the AOSR. Overall, the water-column methane concentrations decreased over the course of the study, though this was dynamic both seasonally and annually. Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) distributions and δ13C demonstrated that dissolved methane, primarily input via fluid fine tailings (FFT) porewater advection, was oxidized by the water column microbial community at all sampling times. Modeling and under-ice observations indicated that the dissolution of methane from bubbles during ebullition, or when trapped beneath ice, was also an important source of dissolved methane. The addition of alum to BML in the fall of 2016 impacted the microbial cycling in BML, leading to decreased methane oxidation rates, the short-term dominance of a phototrophic community, and longer-term shifts in the microbial community metabolism. Overall, our results highlight a need to understand the dynamic nature of these microbial communities and the impact of perturbations on the associated biogeochemical cycling within oil sands pit lakes.
Dimension-Based Interactions with Virtual Assistants: A Co-Design Project with Design Fictions
Authors: Lau Hebitz C. H. , Ho Jeffrey C. F.
Published: December 2021

This study presents a co-design project that invites participants with little or no background in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to design their ideal virtual assistants (VAs) for everyday (/daily) use. VAs are differently designed and function when integrated into people’s daily lives (e.g., voice-controlled VAs are designed to blend in based on their natural qualities). To further understand users’ ideas of their ideal VA designs, participants were invited to generate designs of personal VAs. However, end users may have unrealistic expectations of future technologies. Therefore, design fiction was adopted as a method of guiding the participants’ image of the future and carefully managing their realistic, as well as unrealistic, expectations of future technologies. The result suggests the need for a human–AI relationship based on controls with various dimensions (e.g., vocalness degree and autonomy level) instead of specific features. The design insights are discussed in detail. Additionally, the co-design process offers insights into how users can participate in AI/ML designs.
The Influence of Collaborative and Multi-Modal Mixed Reality: Cultural Learning in Virtual Heritage
Authors: Bekele Mafkereseb Kassahun , Champion Erik , McMeekin David A. , Rahaman Hafizur
Published: December 2021

Studies in the virtual heritage (VH) domain identify collaboration (social interaction), engagement, and a contextual relationship as key elements of interaction design that influence users’ experience and cultural learning in VH applications. The purpose of this study is to validate whether collaboration (social interaction), engaging experience, and a contextual relationship enhance cultural learning in a collaborative and multi-modal mixed reality (MR) heritage environment. To this end, we have designed and implemented a cloud-based collaborative and multi-modal MR application aiming at enhancing user experience and cultural learning in museums. A conceptual model was proposed based on collaboration, engagement, and relationship in the context of MR experience. The MR application was then evaluated at the Western Australian Shipwrecks Museum by experts, archaeologists, and curators from the gallery and the Western Australian Museum. Questionnaire, semi-structured interview, and observation were used to collect data. The results suggest that integrating collaborative and multi-modal interaction methods with MR technology facilitates enhanced cultural learning in VH.
Application of Optical Quality Control Technologies in the Dairy Industry: An Overview
Authors: Burmistrov Dmitriy E. , Pavkin Dmitriy Y. , Khakimov Artyom R. , Ignatenko Dmitry N. , Nikitin Evgeniy A. , Lednev Vasily N. , Lobachevsky Yakov P. , Gudkov Sergey V. , Zvyagin Andrei V.
Published: December 2021

Sustainable development of the agricultural industry, in particular, the production of milk and feed for farm animals, requires accurate, fast, and non-invasive diagnostic tools. Currently, there is a rapid development of a number of analytical methods and approaches that meet these requirements. Infrared spectrometry in the near and mid-IR range is especially widespread. Progress has been made not only in the physical methods of carrying out measurements, but significant advances have also been achieved in the development of mathematical processing of the received signals. This review is devoted to the comparison of modern methods and devices used to control the quality of milk and feed for farm animals.
Hybrid Entanglement between Optical Discrete Polarizations and Continuous Quadrature Variables
Authors: Wen Jianming , Novikova Irina , Qian Chen , Zhang Chuanwei , Du Shengwang
Published: December 2021

By coherently combining advantages while largely avoiding limitations of two mainstream platforms, optical hybrid entanglement involving both discrete and continuous variables has recently garnered widespread attention and emerged as a promising idea for building heterogenous quantum networks. In contrast to previous results, here we propose a new scheme to remotely generate hybrid entanglement between discrete polarization and continuous quadrature optical qubits heralded by two-photon Bell-state measurement. As a novel nonclassical light resource, we further use it to discuss two examples of ways—entanglement swapping and quantum teleportation—in which quantum information processing and communications could make use of this hybrid technique.
Electrochemical Performance of Iron-Doped Cobalt Oxide Hierarchical Nanostructure
Authors: Guragain Deepa , Karna Sunil , Choi Jonghyun , Bhattarai Romakanta , Poudel Tej P. , Gupta Ram Krishna , Shen Xiao , Mishra Sanjay R.
Published: December 2021

In this study, hydrothermally produced Fe-doped Co3O4 nanostructured particles are investigated as electrocatalysts for the water-splitting process and electrode materials for supercapacitor devices. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the surface area, specific capacitance, and electrochemical performance of Co3O4 are all influenced by Fe3+ content. The FexCo3-xO4 with x = 1 sample exhibits a higher BET surface (87.45 m2/g) than that of the pristine Co3O4 (59.4 m2/g). Electrochemical measurements of the electrode carried out in 3 M KOH reveal a high specific capacitance of 153 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g for x = 0.6 and 684 F/g at a 2 mV/s scan rate for x = 1.0 samples. In terms of electrocatalytic performance, the electrode (x = 1.0) displayed a low overpotential of 266 mV (at a current density of 10 mA/cm2) along with 52 mV/dec Tafel slopes in the oxygen evolution reaction. Additionally, the overpotential of 132 mV (at a current density of 10 mA/cm2) and 109 mV with 52 mV/dec Tafel slope were obtained for x = 0.6 sample towards hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). According to electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements and the density functional theory (DFT) study, the addition of Fe3+ increased the conductivity at the electrode–electrolyte interface, which substantially impacted the high activity of the iron-doped cobalt oxide. The electrochemical results revealed that the mesoporous Fe-doped Co3O4 nanostructure could be used as potential electrode material in the high-performance electrochemical capacitor and water-splitting catalysts.
Simulation and Performance Comparison for CO2 Capture by Aqueous Solvents of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) Piperazine and Another Five Single Amines
Authors: Li Simeng , Li Han , Yu Yanmei , Chen Jian
Published: December 2021

N-(2-Hydroxyethyl) piperazine (HEPZ) has a chemical structure similar to PZ and has less volatility. It is not easy to volatilize in a continuous operation device. It is studied to replace PZ as a promotor to increase the CO2 capture rate. This paper researches the lowest energy consumption and absorbent loss of HEPZ/H2O in the absorption-regeneration process, and compares it with another five amines, including PZ, MEA, 1-MPZ, AMP and DMEA. Based on the thermodynamic model, this work establishes a process simulation based on the equilibrium stage, assuming that all stages of the absorption and desorption towers reach thermodynamic equilibrium and CO2 recovery in the absorption tower is 90%. By optimizing the process parameters, the lowest thermodynamic energy consumption and absorbent loss of process operation are obtained. Our results show that HEPZ as a promotor to replace PZ and MEA has significant economic value. The lowest reboiler energy consumption of HEPZ with the optimal process parameters is 3.018 GJ/tCO2, which is about 35.2% lower than that of PZ and about 11.6% lower than that of MEA, and HEPZ has the lowest solvent loss. The cyclic capacity is 64.7% higher than PZ and 21.6% lower than primary amine MEA.
Cyclodextrin Dispersion of Mebendazole and Flubendazole Improves In Vitro Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Minda Daliana , Mioc Alexandra , Banciu Christian , Soica Codruța , Racoviceanu Roxana , Mioc Marius , Macasoi Ioana , Avram Stefana , Voicu Adrian , Motoc Andrei , Trandafirescu Cristina
Published: December 2021

Mebendazole and flubendazole are antihelmintic drugs that have re-entered the research spotlight due to their exhibited anticancer effects, thus making them strong candidates as repurposed drugs. However, these benzimidazole derivatives exhibit poor solubility in water and various organic solvents, which limits their bioavailability. With the aim of obtaining an improved drug solubility and increased biological effect, mebendazole and flubendazole were complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPBCD). The binary 1:1 conjugates were physicochemically evaluated by X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy, revealing the formation of physical mixtures. The increased aqueous solubility of the binary 1:1 conjugates vs. pure benzimidazole compounds was demonstrated by performing dissolution tests. The in vitro antiproliferative activity of mebendazole and flubendazole, as well as their combination with HPBCD, was tested on two cancer cell lines, human melanoma—A375 and pulmonary adenocarcinoma—A549 by the MTT assay. The cytotoxic activity manifested in a dose-dependent manner while the presence of HPBCD increased the antiproliferative activity against the targeted cells. Treatment of A375 and A549 cell lines with the binary conjugates induced a significant inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, as revealed by high-resolution respirometry studies. Molecular docking analysis showed that one of the mechanisms related to MEB and FLU cytotoxic activity may be due to the inhibition of MEK/ERK proteins.
Towards Computationally Guided Design and Engineering of a Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup W Capsule Polymerase with Altered Substrate Specificity
Authors: Paudel Subhadra , Wachira James , McCarthy Pumtiwitt C.
Published: December 2021

Heavy metal contamination of drinking water is a public health concern that requires the development of more efficient bioremediation techniques. Absorption technologies, including biosorption, provide opportunities for improvements to increase the diversity of target metal ions and overall binding capacity. Microorganisms are a key component in wastewater treatment plants, and they naturally bind metal ions through surface macromolecules but with limited capacity. The long-term goal of this work is to engineer capsule polymerases to synthesize molecules with novel functionalities. In previously published work, we showed that the Neisseria meningitidis serogroup W (NmW) galactose–sialic acid (Gal–NeuNAc) heteropolysaccharide binds lead ions effectively, thereby demonstrating the potential for its use in environmental decontamination applications. In this study, computational analysis of the NmW capsule polymerase galactosyltransferase (GT) domain was used to gain insight into how the enzyme could be modified to enable the synthesis of N-acetylgalactosamine–sialic acid (GalNAc–NeuNAc) heteropolysaccharide. Various computational approaches, including molecular modeling with I-TASSER and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with NAMD, were utilized to identify key amino acid residues in the substrate binding pocket of the GT domain that may be key to conferring UDP-GalNAc specificity. Through these combined strategies and using BshA, a UDP-GlcNAc transferase, as a structural template, several NmW active site residues were identified as mutational targets to accommodate the proposed N-acetyl group in UDP-GalNAc. Thus, a rational approach for potentially conferring new properties to bacterial capsular polysaccharides is demonstrated.
Evolutionary Game Analysis of the Partners’ Behavior in the Rural E-Payment Market of China
Authors: Wiśniewski Jerzy Witold , Sokołowska Ewelina , Wu Jinghua , Dziadkiewicz Anna
Published: December 2021

The rural e-payment market in China is becoming one of the important topics in the research field because of its contribution to the efficiency of fund flows in the economy. Further development of the rural e-payment market mainly depends on its partners’ acceptance. In March 2020, 776.08 million people were using mobile payments in China. After the COVID-19 pandemic in China, the Payment and Clearing Association of China launched an action to encourage citizens to use mobile payments. In this article evolutionary game theory is presented. The benefits of e-payments between financial institutions and users are studied. Based on the analysis of the partners’ selection of costs and profits as well as other factors, important conclusions were drawn. The growth of the rural economy is beneficial to the change of the partners’ behavior in the rural e-payment market. Dynamic evolution of the partners’ behavior makes the supply and demand for rural e-payment services consistent. In order to create more benefits, financial institutions will lead the move to merge the rural e-payment market with the China National Advanced Payment System. These research results are beneficial for its growth by developing strategies to encourage more partners to take part in the rural e-payment market in China.
The Accuracy of Risk Measurement Models on Bitcoin Market during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Likitratcharoen Danai , Kronprasert Nopadon , Wiwattanalamphong Karawan , Pinmanee Chakrin
Published: December 2021

Since late 2019, during one of the largest pandemics in history, COVID-19, global economic recession has continued. Therefore, investors seek an alternative investment that generates profits during this financially risky situation. Cryptocurrency, such as Bitcoin, has become a new currency tool for speculators and investors, and it is expected to be used in future exchanges. Therefore, this paper uses a Value at Risk (VaR) model to measure the risk of investment in Bitcoin. In this paper, we showed the results of the predicted daily loss of investment by using the historical simulation VaR model, the delta-normal VaR model, and the Monte Carlo simulation VaR model with the confidence levels of 99%, 95%, and 90%. This paper displayed backtesting methods to investigate the accuracy of VaR models, which consisted of the Kupiec’s POF and the Kupiec’s TUFF statistical testing results. Finally, Christoffersen’s independence test and Christoffersen’s interval forecasts evaluation showed effectiveness in the predictions for the robustness of VaR models for each confidence level.
Fluid-Solid Interaction Simulation Methodology for Coriolis Flowmeter Operation Analysis
Authors: Shavrina Evgeniia , Nguyen Vinh-Tan , Yan Zeng , Khoo Boo Cheong
Published: December 2021

Numerical simulation is a widely used tool for Coriolis flowmeter (CFM) operation analysis. However, there is a lack of experimentally validated methodologies for the CFM simulation. Moreover, there is no consensus on suitable turbulence models and configuration simplifications. The present study intends to address these questions in a framework of a fluid-solid interaction simulation methodology by coupling the finite volume method and finite element method for fluid and solid domains, respectively. The Reynolds stresses (RSM) and eddy viscosity-based turbulence models are explored and compared for CFM simulations. The effects of different configuration simplifications are investigated. It is demonstrated that the RSM model is favorable for the CFM operation simulations. It is also shown that the configuration simplifications should not include the braces neglect or the equivalent flowmeter tube length assumption. The simulation results are validated by earlier experimental data, showing a less than 5% discrepancy. The proposed methodology will increase the confidence in CFM operation simulations and consequently provide the foundation for further studies of flowmeter usage in various fields.
Development of a Method for the Measurement of Human Scent Samples Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with Mass Detection
Authors: Pojmanová Petra , Ladislavová Nikola , Urban Štěpán
Published: December 2021

Every human body is a source of a unique scent, which can be used for medical or forensic purposes. Human skin scent is a complex mixture of more or less volatile compounds with different chemical and physical properties, which often differ significantly in their concentrations. The most efficient technique for separating such complex samples is comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC). This work aimed to find the optimal arrangement of a two-dimensional chromatographic system and define a suitable chromatographic method for non-targeted analysis of human scent samples. Four different chromatographic columns (non-polar Rxi-5MS and TG-5HT, medium polar Rxi-17Sil MS and Rtx-200MS) and their different configurations were tested. The best system was the 30 m primary column Rtx-200MS (with the 2 m pre-column Rtx-200MS) and the 1 m secondary column TG-5HT in a reverse configuration. This system achieved the highest theoretical and conditional peak capacities, optimal resolution, and the lowest number of coelutions.
Simultaneous Determination of 23 Mycotoxins in Broiler Tissues by Solid Phase Extraction UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yang Youyou , He Zhuolin , Mu Lei , Xie Yunfeng , Wang Liang
Published: December 2021

Mycotoxins are a type of toxins harmful for not only animal but also human health. Cooccurrence of multi-mycotoxins could occur for food infected by several molds, producing multi-mycotoxins. It is necessary to develop corresponding determination methods, among which current mass spectrometry (MS) dominates. Currently, the accurate identification and quantitation of mycotoxins in complex matrices by MS with low resolution is still a challenge since false-positive results are typically obtained. Here, a method for the simultaneous determination of 23 mycotoxins in broiler tissues using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole/orbitrap HRMS was established. After the extraction by acetonitrile-water-formic acid (80:18:2, v/v/v), the purification by multifunctional purification solid phase extraction cartridges and the chromatographic separation on a C18 column, representative mycotoxins were determined by HRMS in full scan/data-dependent MS/MS acquisition mode. The quantitation was based on the external standard method. An MS/MS database of 23 mycotoxins was established to achieve qualitative screening and simultaneous quantification. Mycotoxins had a good linear relationship within a certain concentration range with correlation coefficients (r2) larger than 0.991 as well as the limit of quantitation of 1.80–300 μg/kg. The average recoveries at three different levels of low, medium and high fortification were 61–111% with relative standard deviations less than 13.5%. The method was fast, accurate, and suitable for the precise qualification of multiple mycotoxins in broiler tissues. 15 μg/kg zearalenone (ZEN) was detected in one liver sample among 30 samples from markets including chicken breast meat, liver, and gizzards. The result illustrated that the pollution of ZEN should not be neglected considering its harmful effect on the target organ of liver.
Survey of the Use of the System for Separate Collection of Household Waste from Packaging in the Municipality of Stara Zagora
Authors: Getzova Viktoriya , Berberova Ralitza
Published: December 2021

Separate waste collection and recycling are at the basis of today’s wastemanagement. This helps the reduction of landfilled waste, which aims to reduce soil, water, and airpollution, on the one hand, and to cut down on the depletion of resources for new production, on theother. A large portion of household waste comes from the so-called “widespread waste”, whichincludes packaging waste. Legislation at European and national levels sets specific goals toovercome this problem. Separate waste collection is carried out by municipalities via wasterecycling companies, which set up and operate systems for separate collection. Citizens are at theheart of the efficient functioning of these systems. A separate waste collection system of this kindhas been established in the municipality of Stara Zagora in Bulgaria. The objective of this paper isto present the results of a questionnaire survey of the system’s users to establish their awareness andattitudes regarding the process of separate waste collection. The results can be used to improve thesystem.
Archaeological and Geological Approaches in the Work on the Project “Materiality and ancient environmental knowledge reconstruction trough archaeological chemistry analytical techniques (RE:MATRIARCHES)”
Authors: Dumanov Boyan , Uzunov Zhivko , Kostova Bilyana , Dimitrova Irena , Ivanova Ventsislava
Published: December 2021

The study discusses new approaches designed for the purposeful selection of archeological and geological sites and sample collection for analysis via archaeological chemistry techniques. The approaches discussed provide opportunities for coherent interpretation of analytical data in view of the project’s objectives: gaining fundamental knowledge of material culture in different archaeological periods as well as of people’s knowledge of the environment in ancient times.
Additional grounds for termination of an employment contract with the head of the organization: dismissal under paragraph 2 of Part 1 of Art. 278 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation
Authors: Krasnoyarova E.V.
Published: December 2021

The article examines the additional grounds for termination of the employment contract with the head of the organization, gives examples of judicial practice, reveals contradictions in the application of specific legal norms, and also makes proposals for improving labor legislation.
Оrder of registration of an employment contract concluded between an employee and an employer who is an individual who does not have the status of an individual entrepreneur
Authors: Novikova J.A.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the procedure for registering labor contracts concluded between an employee and an employer who is an individual who does not have the status of an individual entrepreneur, provided for by both the Labor Code of the Russian Federation and the regulatory legal acts of some municipalities, notes the advantages and disadvantages of the legal regulation of this issue, changes are proposed, that need to be included in these acts to improve the legal regulation of the indicated issue.
Children with autism spectrum disorder at a dental appointment: problems, behavioral characteristics, recommendations
Authors: Dontsova A. S. , Gulenko O. V. , Skatova E. A.
Published: December 2021

Relevance. Dental care is one of the principal unmet health needs of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Based on the available publications, the study discusses the dental profile of a child with autism and the social factors affecting the oral health of such children.

Materials and methods. A search was performed of publications for the 15 years in the Medline database using the terms autism”, behavior management/techniques”, child”, dental care for children with other abilities”, dental education”, dental disease”, pediatric dentistry” to find relevant publications.

Results. In the found publications, the authors most frequently mention poor oral hygiene. However, they disagree regarding the caries occurrence rate in children with ASD. Insufficient specialized training of dentists on interaction with special children may be one of the reasons for the limited access to dental care.

Conclusions. Dental treatment of an autistic child requires a thorough knowledge of comorbidity, relevant behavioral management and customization of treatment protocols according to individual needs. The effectiveness, safety and rationale of the known dental treatment strategies for children with ASD require further study and improvement.
The structure and prevalence of superficial carious and non-carious lesions of permanent and deciduous enamel in children who presented for routine dental care in various districts of St. Petersburg
Authors: Abramova N. E. , Silin A. V.
Published: December 2021

Relevance. To increase the effectiveness of prevention and treatment protocols, it is above all necessary to consider the activity of caries, especially at the early enamel lesion stage, in the form of a white spot, to make the correct diagnosis based on a clinical examination, which assesses the location, change in surface hardness, symmetry, contour shape, depth, color and opacity of the lesion. Different causes of superficial enamel discoloration, in the form of white spots, are paramount for the restorative treatment as the quality of the enamel preparation affects the marginal fit and the durability of the restoration. However, poor oral hygiene, disturbance in eating behavior affect the course of non-carious hard-tissue diseases, which caries may complicate. Purpose – to optimize the diagnosis of initial dental enamel lesions to improve the caries prevention quality.

Materials and methods. The study examined 460 children living in the Central and Krasnoselsky districts of St. Petersburg. The following indices assessed hard tissue condition: OHI-S, Greene and Vermillion; OHI by O'Leary T., Drake R., Naylor; White spot lesions index, Gorelick L, Geiger A. M, Gwinnett A. J., DMFT and df; caries activity.

Results. The total prevalence of superficial (initial) lesions of hard tissues was 37.82%, i.e. 174 people out of 460 examined patients had superficial enamel lesions according to the criteria of I and II categories. The study found enamel changes in the age groups: 5-6 years (130) – 36 people (27.69%); 12 years old (175) – 62 people (35.42%); 15 years old (155) – 76 people (49.03%).

Conclusions. Focusing on the caries activity signs rather than a precise differential diagnosis of the lesion nature is necessary to provide well-timed treatment and prevention upon detecting initial enamel lesion at a dental check-up.
GLOBAL EVOLUTION AND PROSPECTS HUMAN INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Shapoval V.
Published: December 2021

There are two opposing equally well-argued views on the emergence and development of all things: either the evolution of the world that led to the emergence of life and intelligence is something natural, or everything happened quite by accident and could have been different. It determines the aim and the tasks which are the emergence of intelligence can be considered as a certain stage of such a naturally unfolding evolutionary process, or it is the result of a coincidence. Research methods are complex and is based on philosophicalanthropological and philosophical-cultural analysis of the problems of global evolutionism and the development of human intelligence in their dialectical unity.The principles of systematicity, objectivity, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, etc. are also used to solve specific research tasks. Research results: Analysis of the process of universal evolutionism shows that the general direction of the development of existence is the movement from the appearance of simple objects to the formation of the highest of the material structures known today, which are the bearer of intelligence in its biological forms. The author argues the position that further evolution, with a high probability, will occur as a transition from intelligence on organic carriers - the human mind - to artificial intelligence based on inorganics. Together or separately from the human mind, artificial intelligence has the ability to give a new impetus to the development of earthly civilization, penetration into deep space and the development of its limitless possibilities.Discussion. Opponents of the concept of global evolutionism were limited to the planetary scale and for the most part considered the universe as a whole infinite and stationary, and therefore devoid of history. However, it is more attractive to think that the development of the biosphere embodies a number of trends that affected long before the formation of the Earth and the solar system, and this direction is focused on creating an integrated theory of the past from the Big Bang to the present. Conclusion. The global evolution of all things moves in the direction from inorganics to organics - in the form of life and mind, and then - again to inorganics - in the form of artificial intelligence. There is a kind of denial of denial, the further steps of which, and even more so, the end result, can only be guessed.
Representing American Sign Language Letters and Numbers with Humanoid Robot Arm
Authors: GÜL Mehmet
Published: December 2021

The widespread use of robotic systems is an example of increasing technological developments in daily life. The robotic systems that are accustomed to widespread use in the industry show huge impact in education, health, and many other areas nowadays. Robotic systems are no longer expensive and are not difficult to access systems that can be drawn and designed with design software like CAD programs. Within the scope of the study, major changes are made in the reference design, and Python software is used to send data to the Arduino control card that is used for control of the robotic system and to provide movement. The humanoid robotic arm developed in the study is printed with the 3D printer, sign languages that can be realized by one-handed letters among sign languages were investigated. All 26 alphabetical letters of English in American Sign Language can be demonstrated with the right hand alone. It has nearly the same principle that represents the demonstration of sign language expressions with a robotic hand, and the American Sign Language is the most widely known sign language. If experience is gained with this study, it can be used for the other sign language. In this study, audio and text messages sent over Python were performed on the humanoid robotic arm.
Rumbo a peor. Beckett y la narración
Authors: Broomfield Arthur
Published: December 2021

Este artículo se enfoca en el lugar que ocupa Rumbo a peor en el proyecto artístico y filosófico de Samuel Beckett. En tanto Beckett aboga por el reconocimiento del lenguaje puro que intenta representar lo irrepresentable como la única aspiración digna, Rumbo a peor ubica el lenguaje puro en un reino desconectado de los conflictos lingüísticos y culturales. En este sentido, considerar a Rumbo a peor el libro del adelante podría confirmarlo como la última afirmación del ímpetu filosófico de Beckett de seguir adelante por medio de afirmaciones y negaciones hasta llegar a esa verdad última donde la dialéctica afirmación/negación deja de funcionar y nos guía hacia el lugar donde la posibilidad de lo real se afirma en el mínimo inminimizable, la palabra que no puede ser representada. En tanto las percepciones fracasan por ser impermanentes e inestables, las palabras divorciadas de las percepciones siguen adelante hacia su estado verdadero. Así, Beckett ubica sus obras en la dimensión ficcional del lenguaje puro.
Stable and Efficient Red Perovskite Light-Emitting Diodes Based on Ca
2+
-Doped CsPbI
3
Nanocrystals
Authors: Shen Wei , Zhang Jianbin , Dong Ruimin , Chen Yanfeng , Yang Liu , Chen Shuo , Su Zhan , Dai Yujun , Cao Kun , Liu Lihui , Chen Shufen , Huang Wei
Published: December 2021

α
-CsPbI
3
nanocrystals (NCs) with poor stability prevent their wide applications in optoelectronic fields. Ca
2+
(1.00 Å) as a new B-site doping ion can successfully boost CsPbI
3
NC performance with both improved phase stability and optoelectronic properties. With a Ca
2+
/Pb
2+
ratio of 0.40%, both phase and photoluminescence (PL) stability could be greatly enhanced. Facilitated by increased tolerance factor, the cubic phase of its solid film could be maintained after 58 days in ambient condition or 4 h accelerated aging process at 120°C. The PL stability of its solution could be preserved to 83% after 147 days in ambient condition. Even using UV light to accelerate aging, the T
50
of PL could boost 1.8-folds as compared to CsPbI
3
NCs. Because Ca
2+
doping can dramatically decrease defect densities of films and reduce hole injection barriers, the red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) exhibited about triple enhancement for maximum the external quantum efficiency (EQE) up to 7.8% and 2.2 times enhancement for half-lifetime of LED up to 85 min. We believe it is promising to further explore high-quality CsPbI
3
NC LEDs via a Ca
2+
-doping strategy.
Wafer-Scale Synthesis of WS
2
Films with In Situ Controllable p-Type Doping by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Yang Hanjie , Wang Yang , Zou Xingli , Bai Rongxu , Wu Zecheng , Han Sheng , Chen Tao , Hu Shen , Zhu Hao , Chen Lin , Zhang David W. , Lee Jack C. , Lu Xionggang , Zhou Peng , Sun Qingqing , Yu Edward T. , Akinwande Deji , Ji Li
Published: December 2021

Wafer-scale synthesis of p-type TMD films is critical for its commercialization in next-generation electro/optoelectronics. In this work, wafer-scale intrinsic n-type WS
2
films and in situ Nb-doped p-type WS
2
films were synthesized through atomic layer deposition (ALD) on 8-inch
α
-Al
2
O
3
/Si wafers, 2-inch sapphire, and 1 cm
2
GaN substrate pieces. The Nb doping concentration was precisely controlled by altering cycle number of Nb precursor and activated by postannealing. WS
2
n-FETs and Nb-doped p-FETs with different Nb concentrations have been fabricated using CMOS-compatible processes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and Hall measurements confirmed the effective substitutional doping with Nb. The on/off ratio and electron mobility of WS
2
n-FET are as high as 10
5
and 6.85 cm
2
 V
-1
 s
-1
, respectively. In WS
2
p-FET with 15-cycle Nb doping, the on/off ratio and hole mobility are 10 and 0.016 cm
2
 V
-1
 s
-1
, respectively. The p-n structure based on n- and p- type WS
2
films was proved with a 10
4
rectifying ratio. The realization of controllable
in situ
Nb-doped WS
2
films paved a way for fabricating wafer-scale complementary WS
2
FETs.
Concepções e Práticas no ensino de leitura em inglês na Academia da Força Aérea
Authors: O'Connell Daniel Mateus , Faria Elaine Risques Faria , Anchieta Priscila Petian Anchieta
Published: December 2021

O presente trabalho objetivou investigar a maneira pela qual as aulas de língua inglesa são ministradas por duas professoras na Academia da Força Aérea (AFA), mais especificamente durante os momentos de leitura. Para isso, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho etnográfico4. Pretendeu-se, também, investigar se o trato da leitura, em sala de aula, vai ao encontro da abordagem comunicativa, proposta pela DCENS 15B/2017 que trata sobre o alinhamento gerencial e metodológico do ensino de Língua Inglesa na AFA e na Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Ar (EPCAR). Espera-se, com esse estudo, elencar aspectos importantes da metodologia da leitura em Língua Inglesa, em sala de aula, de modo a contribuir para a formação dos futuros oficiais da Força Aérea Brasileira
Mulheres Em Guerra: A Luta Pela Igualdade De Gênero Nas Forças Armadas Americanas
Authors: Lucena Silva Antonio Henrique , Moreira da Costa Soares Mariana
Published: December 2021

As forças armadas foram, e continuam a ser, um ambiente predominantemente masculino. No entanto, desde as guerras mundiais esse cenário muda gradualmente, em especial em países ocidentais. Seguindo pela teoria feminista, esse trabalho aborda categorias analíticas importantes para explicar a participação feminina nas forças armadas, como gênero, por exemplo (SCOTT, 1995). Assim, como as teóricas feministas que analisam a participação das mulheres nas Forças Armadas, este trabalho segue a metodologia qualitativa com técnicas de pesquisa de análise textual e documental (por meio de revisão bibliográfica), com estudo de entrevistas e relatórios. Por fim, o material examina a participação das mulheres nas forças armadas dos Estados Unidos, especialmente a partir da década de 2000. Essa pesquisa foi realizada com dados do contingente feminino originados do governo e de organizações como a Pew Research Center, bem como de um estudo dos obstáculos ainda enfrentados para a integração completa no âmbito militar, a saber: preconceito, o assédio sexual e de gênero, entre outros, indicando que a integração existe, mas não totalmente, visto que ainda há resistência em aceitá-las.
Reseña de: Mónica Bolufer Peruga. Arte y artificio de la vida en común. Los modelos de comportamiento y sus tensiones en el Siglo de las Luces. Madrid: Marcial Pons, 2019, 448 páginas.
Authors: Moriconi Miriam
Published: December 2021

La colección Estudios/Moderna de la editorial Marcial Pons se ha apreciado al incorporar la obra que aquí se reseña. Mónica Bolufer Peruga, desde la Universidad de Valencia, contribuyó a la disciplina histórica con su trayectoria docente y con su vasta labor investigativa. En la línea de la historia social y cultural destaca por su enfoque de género, cultivado tempranamente en su formación y plasmado en su tesis doctoral La construcción de la identidad femenina: reformismo e ilustración (1995), bajo la dirección de Isabel Morant Deusa
Cartas de México al mundo:
Authors: Vilchis Chávez Angélica Radahi , Castillo Nechar Marcelino
Published: December 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un acercamiento teórico-metodológico al análisis de la promoción turística que realiza la Secretaría de Turismo en su estrategia Cartas de México al Mundo. La orientación parte el análisis crítico del discurso que la Escuela de Frankfurt hace a la industria cultural, la cual destaca la manipulación que realizan los medios de comunicación en la sociedad moderna manifestada -particularmente- con el turista o consumidor del mensaje que se promociona al modelar su comportamiento y toma de decisiones. La propuesta metodológica tiene como eje central el análisis crítico del discurso (ACD) en el cual, la tridimensionalidad virtual de la promoción turística es analizada a partir de tres categorías: la textualidad (escrita o hablada), la práctica discursiva y la práctica social, instrumentalizada mediante el programa Atlas.ti. Mediante la revisión de literatura se muestra la línea que el análisis crítico del discurso ha seguido, pasando por el giro lingüístico hasta la valoración epistémica del lenguaje y la relevancia que ha adquirido al analizar los discursos y textos.La principal conclusión a la que se llega es que el discurso es el medio por el cual se reconoce la expresión cultural social, en el caso de la promoción turística, su transformación como una herramienta de concienciación social.
El Levantamiento de los Libres del Sur (1839): un abordaje desde el estudio de redes
Authors: Germinario Carolina
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un ejercicio metodológico desde la perspectiva de redes sociales que permita visualizar las posibles relaciones familiares, comerciales, de amistad, laborales, entre los principales líderes del Levantamiento de los Libres del Sur, ocurrido en la campaña sur de Buenos Aires en 1839. A partir de la identificación y caracterización de un sujeto que es central para el Levantamiento, Ambrosio Crámer, intentamos reconstruir las trayectorias de los demás participantes y sus vínculos. A partir de un recorrido historiográfico, histórico y metodológico que integra bibliografía y fuentes buscamos indagar sobre las posibilidades del estudio de redes para una coyuntura de crisis.
Elecciones municipales, intervenciones del gobierno y conformación de elencos políticos. Baradero, 1856-1862
Authors: Gonz´ález Lopardo Pablo
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo reconstruye las formas que asumieron las prácticas electorales municipales y su articulación entre distintos niveles de gobierno en el marco de la instalación de las municipalidades de campaña, tomando el caso de la Municipalidad de Baradero, entre 1856 y 1862, a fin de ponderar la tensión de ser considerados como órganos de autogobierno local o como órganos administrativos del Estado de Buenos Aires en el territorio. Consideramos que el proceso de municipalización abierto luego de la separación de Buenos Aires de la Confederación Argentina permitió la asunción de potestades locales y la incorporación de nuevos actores políticos.
Régimen internacional educativo del Mercosur
Authors:   , Espósito Julia
Published: December 2021

Los procesos de integración regionales implican la coordinación de políticas económicas y comerciales pero también traen aparejadas la coordinación de cuestiones políticas, sociales, educativas y culturales que, en un momento determinado, se convierten (o deberían convertirse) también en políticas regionales. La cuestión cultural y educativa es un tema relegado y, en algunos casos, ubicado en un segundo plano por los bloques de integración. La integración debe involucrar a la totalidad de la población de la región de que se trate y, para ello, debe contemplar todas las dimensiones que constituyen la vida social. La educación desempeña un papel fundamental en la conformación de la identidad nacional y regional y en la formación de los pueblos. Al referirnos a la totalidad de la población incluimos, por supuesto, a quienes deciden migrar de un país a otro y permanecer en él de manera transitoria o permanente. Nuestro objeto de estudio son los niños y niñas migrantes que se desplazan entre los distintos países que conforman el Mercosur junto (o no necesariamente) a su grupo familiar y buscan insertarse en el sistema educativo del país de recepción. La presente investigación pretende poner en relación dos supuestos fundamentales en el proceso de integración regional del Mercosur: por una parte, el flujo migratorio al interior del bloque y, por la otra, la inserción de los niños y niñas migrantes en el nivel de la enseñanza primaria en el país de recepción. Partimos de un tercer supuesto que presupone la existencia de un régimen internacional educativo mercosureño que busca sustraer el área de la educación primaria del ámbito de las prácticas unilaterales de los Estados Partes.
Współczesne praktyki upamiętniania Wielkiej Wojny Ojczyźnianej w Kazachstanie
Authors: Żanbosinowa Albina Sowietowna
Published: December 2021

The history of the Great Patriotic War has now become a hostage to political games and the ambitions of a national power. The collapse of the Soviet Union not only led to the development of the republics, but also transformed the politics of memory concerning Soviet history. This article analyses contemporary practices of commemorating the Great Patriotic War in Kazakhstan. It is one of the few Central Asian republics that continues to celebrate 9 May. The author analyses cultural memory in the post-Soviet area using the example of Kazakhstan and shows how contemporary practices of commemorating the Great Patriotic War developed. She also shows the state practices of the social and communicative transmission of the history of Kazakhstan’s participation in the Great Patriotic War.