bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDY OF THE SUSTAINABILITY IN THE OBTAINMENT OF SILVER NITRATE FROM ANALYTICAL WASTE
Authors: GRASEL F. dos S. , FLORES B. , MEDEIROS G. , LAUSCHNER E. A. , SOUZA A. F. , BARROS C. G.
Published: August 2021

Silver is a noble and relatively rare metal found naturally in the earth's crust. This metal is widely used in the manufacture of various products from different segments, among them jewelry, coins, electronics, analytical reagents and the manufacture of sensitive films for photography and radiography. The large generation of waste and the concern about the contamination by inappropriate disposal of dangerous products has been one of the reasons for the study of the reuse of silver and other analytical residues. In this project, we sought to obtain silver nitrate from analytical waste generated in the laboratories. Five different synthetic routes were used to obtain the metallic silver, being the reduction by formaldehyde, glucose, fructose, food grade sugar and metallic zinc. The obtained silver nitrate was analyzed to calculate the yield and degree of purity, where it obtained results superior to 96% of purity, being possible to recycle wastes containing silver, besides reagents expired. The project presented being sustainable and cheap for application in educational institutions, reducing the volume of waste generated and promoting environmental awareness.
EXPERIMENTAL ACTIVITIES AND TEACHING BY INVESTIGATION: PROPOSED CONTINUED FORMATION OF CHEMISTRY TEACHERS
Authors: LIMA Alexsandra Rodrigues , SILVA Flávia Cristiane Vieira da , SIMÕES NETO José Euzebio
Published: August 2021

The use of experiments is an important didactic strategy for the chemistry teaching, for motivation and learning of scientific contents, especially when designed in accordance with research teaching, in order to encourage questioning, planning and explanations based on evidence, actions essential for understanding the contents of chemistry. The present work had the objective of evaluating the potential of a continued formation of for chemistry teacher’s workshop, as well as analyzing the impressions of these teachers on experimental work through teaching by investigation. For this, it was conducted the referred workshop focused on the approach of experimentation in a perspective of teaching by investigation with six chemistry teachers of the High School in the city of Serra Talhada, Pernambuco. The application of the workshop occurred in two moments, totaling eight hours. To compose the proposal of continued formation the following activities were used: comics, videos, theoretical classes, presentation of experiments, among other resources. The data were collected from the use of a camera for recording in audio and video, in addition to the material produced by the participating teachers and were analyzed using description/reflection of the actions and discursive textual analysis, respectively. It was possible to perceive the evolution of teachers' conceptions about the use of experimentation in teaching, in a movement of convergence for ideas of work with experimental activities in the perspective of teaching by research
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF CARVACROL WITH AMPHOTERICIN B OR WITH KETOCONAZOLE
Authors: SOARES Gustavo Lima , SANTOS Brenda Lavínia Calixto dos , LUZ Brenna Ravena Araújo , OLIVEIRA Wylly Araújo de
Published: August 2021

Aspergillus species are a cause of a high number of fungal infections of difficult treatment, presenting an expressive number of deaths due to the complications in the severe cases of infection. The objective was to evaluate the antifungal action of carvacrol against Aspergillus species, as well as to evaluate the interactions when associated with amphotericin B or ketoconazole. The antifungal activity of carvacrol was evaluated by the broth microdilution method. The combinations of the substances were performed by the checkerboard methodology, to determine the Index of Fractional Inhibitory Concentration. Carvacrol showed antifungal activity against all Aspergillus strains used in the trials. In combinations of substances, only a combination of carvacrol and amphotericin B presented satisfactory results. Combinations of carvacrol and ketoconazole have not shown good. It is concluded that carvacrol is a good candidate for the antifungal drug because of its good activity against Aspergillus demonstrated in the present study, as well as in other studies in the literature. Their combination in vitro with amphotericin B or ketoconazole did not present any advantages over the use of antifungal drugs alone.
ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF CITRONELLAL AGAINST Candida NON-albicans OF PEDIATRIC CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
Authors: Lima Ana Luísa de Araújo , Filho Abrahão Alves de Oliveira , Pérez Ana Luíza Alves de Lima , Sousa Janiere Pereira de , Pinheiro Lilian Sousa , Neto Hermes Diniz , Júnior José Pinto de Siqueira , Lima Edeltrudes de Oliveira
Published: August 2021

Despite their commensal interaction, Candida yeasts may infect the human being, causing candidiasis which can vary from a superficial to a disseminated form, namely candidemia. The most common etiological agent of these infections is C. albicans; however, the profile of these fungal infections is changing, where non-albicans species becomes the main pathogens associated with candidiasis. The high mortality rate associated with the development of resistance against standard antifungal agents are factors that make candidemia a serious public health problem worldwide, especially in fragile patients as children, especially when there is an aggravating as a suppressed immune system. Citronellal, one of the main phytochemicals of the essential oils of several plants, is a potential candidate for an antifungal agent. In order to evaluate the antifungal profile of this natural product, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (CFM) were determined against strains of Candida non-albicans from blood infections in pediatric patients. It was observed that both MIC50 and MFC50 of citronellal were 128 μg/mL, attesting the antifungal efficacy of this monoterpene against strains of clinical relevance.
ANTI-CANDIDA ALBICANS ACTIVITY OF THE ASSOCIATION OF CITRONELAL WITH ANFOTERICIN B OR WITH CETOCONAZOLE
Authors: SILVA Patrícia Duarte Costa , SANTOS Brenda Lavínia Calixto dos , SOARES Gustavo Lima , OLIVEIRA Wylly Araújo de
Published: August 2021

Fungal infections caused by species of the genus Candida are responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly affecting immunocompromised individuals. Among fungi, Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated species of clinical specimens. A problem associated with increased resistance of pathogenic fungi to the agents used in the therapeutic regimen and the limited number of drugs to cure these infections. As a result, the search for new drugs with antifungal activity has become increasingly important. The aim of this study is to study the antifungal activity of citronellal alone and in combination with amphotericin B or ketoconazole. The Minimal Inhibitory Concentration of citronellal, amphotericin B and ketoconazole against strains of Candida albicans were evaluated by the microdilution technique, and the Minimum Fungicide Concentration of citronellal against the same strains was also performed. Through the checkerboard methodology the effect of the combination of citronelal with amphotericin B or with ketoconazole was determined. This study showed that the association of citronellal with ketoconazole was shown to be an additive against one of the strains of C. albicans and indifferent to another strain. While the combined activity of citronellal and amphotericin B demonstrated an indifferent effect on the strains tested.
SYNTHESIS AND TOXICOLOGICAL BIOASSAY OF ARYLAMIDOXIMES
Authors: OLIVEIRA Romário Jonas , SANTOS Francirenildo Andrade , MEDEIROS Herbert Igor Rodrigues , SANTOS Cosme Silva , FREITAS FILHO João Rufino , FREITAS Juliano Carlo Rufino
Published: August 2021

Amidoximes are a class of organic compounds that present a wide variety of technological, biological and pharmacological applications. Currently, there are several methodologies aimed at the preparation of these compounds, however, some toxicological studies of structurally simple arylamidoximes remain unexplored. Therefore, the objective of this work was to perform the synthesis and toxicological bioassay of different arylamidoximes against Artemia saline Leach. The arylamidoximes were synthesized from the reaction between different arylnitriles and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in hydroethanolic medium and characterized by melting point, IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. Toxicological bioassay of the arylamidoximes was carried out using Artemia saline Leach and the LC50 was determined using the POLO-PC software. As a result, the arylamidoximes were obtained in reaction times ranging from 15 to 45 minutes and in good yields (55 to 91%). The toxicological bioassay indicated that all arylamidoximes tested showed toxicity ranging from high to moderate with LC50 from 18.553 to 273.313 μg/mL. In addition, the best activity was observed for the arylamidoximes containing the methyl group in the meta position. In short, the toxicological activity found for arylamidoximes reinforces the pharmacological potential of these compounds and may motivate researchers to promote structural modifications in these compounds in order to make them future drugs.
SILICA SOL APPLICATION IN GEOCONSTRUCTION
Authors: SVATOVSKAYA L. B.
Published: August 2021

The article deals with a number of topical issues connected with transport geoconstruction and environmental pollution such as heavy metal ion pollutions of soils. The main aim of the study is to present new problem solutions and technologies for geoconstruction concerning pure substance use for lithosphere. Silica sol solution was chosen as this substance. The choice was made because of silica sol nature. Having important properties, it is the purest substance for the environment. Experimental methods were carried out. The study introduces new technologies of silica sol solution use in geoconstruction systems: silica sol detoxication technology (SDT) for soils, silica sol absorption technology (SAT), soil strengthening technology (SST), silica sol blocking action technology (SBT). The article shows the examples of these technologies’ application and examines new main properties of geoconstruction systems.
ASTAXANTHIN EXTRACT UTILIZATION IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF PRODUCING COOKED SAUSAGES WITH A LOW CONTENT OF SODIUM NITRITE
Authors: VELIYEVA Aysel S. , KADNIKOVA Irina A. , KALENIK Tatyana K.
Published: August 2021

The priority direction for the development of meat products technology is the development of recipes for cooked sausages with low residual sodium nitrite content. The search for substances of natural origin capable of influencing the formation of the cooked sausages color and exercising antioxidant properties is an urgent task today. In the submitted practice, an extract of astaxanthin of industrial production (China) was used. The antioxidant activity of the astaxanthin extract was traced by the DPPH method (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) at 517 nm with the Shimadzu UV-1800 spectrophotometer. The content of myoglobin was determined from the optical density of the cooked sausage pigment extract, obtained after extraction with an aqueous solution of acetone, at a wavelength of 540 nm.Astaxanthin in concentrations of 0.08 and 0.1% positively affected the process of color formation and the preservation of fats in the meat formula of cooked sausages. It was determined that, before administration to the meat formula, the extract of astaxanthin should be dissolved in vegetable oil and left for 3 hours at room temperature. Thus, it's uniform spacing over the stuffing (forcemeat) is achieved without the formation of “red spots”. Astaxanthin is quite stable in meat formulas and gives the cooked meat products a familiar pink color. It is determined that the extract of astaxanthin is recommended for use in the technology of cooked sausages in concentrations of 0.08-0.1% to the mass of the forcemeat.
EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION FOR RESEARCH OF PHOSPHORS LUMINESCENCE EXCITATION, STIMULATION AND EXTINGUISHING BY ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR BEAMS
Authors: SHIGALUGOV Stanislav H , TYURIN Yuriy I , BOROVITSKAYA Anna O , DUBROV Dmitriy V
Published: August 2021

Gas plasma technologies are becoming increasingly important on an industrial scale. They contribute to the production and processing of materials using the heating of the initial products in the plasma jet or their transfer to the plasma state. Therefore, the main goal of the work is to study the efficiency of an experimental setup for studying the excitation of stimulation and quenching of phosphorus luminescence in atomic-molecular beams. To achieve this goal, we analyzed the dissociation of gases in a high-frequency inductive discharge in the main circuits of modernized generators. The article presents the design, construction, hardware of the installation for the study of excitation, quenching and stimulation of the crystal phosphors by various methods when exposed to their surface single or crossed beams of gas molecules and atoms of thermal energy. Fragments of the kinetics and photoluminescence spectrum of yttrium oxide doped with europium in the beam of oxygen atoms were established.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GEOCHEMICAL SPECIATION MODELING USING GEODELING SOFTWARE
Authors: KLUNK M. A. , DASGUPTA S. , SCHRÖPFER S. B. , NUNES B. V. G. , WANDER P. R.
Published: August 2021

Geochemical modeling is used to understand water-rock interactions that occur in the sedimentary basin. Activities of aqueous species are usually calculated using the Davies equation, Debye-Hückel equation, B-Dot or Newton-Raphson. We perform a comparative study of geochemical speciation using three different software: PHREEQCTM, Geochemist's WorkbenchTM (GWB) and GEODELING (own code). Details of each software are carefully analyzed, taking into account the distribution, mobility, and availability of chemical species in geological environments. We can observe very similar results in speciation when working with low-temperature systems. GWBTM, GEODELING employ an integrated system to define when to use Davies, Debye-Huckel or B-Dot equation, according to the value of the solution ionic strength. The utilization of GEODELING allows comparing the results with software GWBTM and PHREEQCTM with a high degree of acceptance for low temperatures. Soon to high temperatures, we need to be cautious in their use.
MALONIC ACID (1:1) 2-AMINOPYRIDINE MOLECULAR COMPLEX: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND HIRSHFELD SURFACE ANALYSIS
Authors: FLORES-CRUZ Jesus A , DELGADO Gerzon E , JAMALIS Joazaizulfazli , HENAO José A
Published: August 2021

Co-crystallization is the supramolecular combination of two or more different chemical entities in a crystalline lattice through non-covalent interactions. In particular, the preparation of pharmaceutical co-crystals offers a means to modify the physicochemical properties of crystals without altering the chemical properties of a pharmaceutical molecule, improving several physical properties of the pure drug such as solubility, bioavailability, thermal stability, etc. This work shows a good example of synthesis and characterization of a cocrystal which can contribute to the pharmaceutical industry. In this study, single-crystal X-ray diffraction was used to characterize structurally the molecular complex formed between two pharmaceutical conformers; 2-aminopyridine and malonic acid. The title compound has been synthesized by grinding in an agate mortar. Its structure was characterized by X-ray diffraction. This compound crystallize in the monoclinic system with space group P21/n, Z = 4, and unit cell parameters a = 7.718(1) Å, b = 17.518(2) Å, c = 13.726(2) Å, β = 94.270(8)°, V = 1850.6(4) Å3. The salt, C3H3O4-·C5H7N2+, is an ionic ensemble assisted by hydrogen bonds established between malonate anions and 2-aminopyridinium cations. The two components thus construct a supramolecular assembly with a three-dimensional hydrogen bonded framework. Hirshfeld surface analysis was used for visually analyzing intermolecular interactions in the crystal structure.
NEW SPECIFICATIONS OF THE THEORY OF GROUND CUTTING
Authors: KADYROV Adil S; , AMANGELDIEV Nariman E
Published: August 2021

Earthwork is performed by some digging machines: excavators, scrapers, graders, dragline excavators, ditching machines, boring installations, etc. Some researchers were engaged in the cutting of soil, and in general, the theory of cutting of soil is rather developed. However, its provisions are correct to the determination of machines of the soil performing almost rectilinear cutting close to a surface, in a dehydrated medium. As practice shows, the known provisions of the theory of cutting do not allow to calculate accuracy the mode and loading of these machines. This article is devoted to the establishment of the regularities determining soil resistance to destruction for construction boring and milling machines. The determined dependencesdetermining the law of change of a corner of a chip when cutting soil as a function from the coupling, pressure in soil, hydrostatic and hydrodynamic pressure upon a surface, the angle of cutting, the angles of internal and external friction are determined. Coefficients of working conditions which describe a high-quality picture of cutting of soil are received and give a ratio of forces in case of rectilinear destruction of soil to forces arising in case of its milling.
THEORETICAL SPECTROSCOPY IN THE INFRARED REGION: A DIDACTIC APPROACH
Authors: RODRIGUES Caio Henrique Pinke , ASSIS Victor Oliveira , BRUNI Aline Thaís
Published: August 2021

Chemistry is traditionally an experimental science and teaching methodologies are fundamental to understand this science. However, the students may be distant from the theoretical content when experimental practices are taught. This approach could be inserted both in content taught in the classroom and through the Distance Education modality, enriching the reflections on teaching of Chemistry. The main objective of this work was the application of theoretical chemistry in the study of spectroscopy. Spectroscopic techniques make use of the interaction of matter with electromagnetic radiation. Vibrations are specific to each functional group that composes a particular molecule. They are usually described in classrooms by associating atoms with spheres and connections with springs. In this work we used quantum mechanical formalism with Density Functional Theory to explain how spectra can be generated by means of theoretical calculations. The results showed a good agreement experimental data. The procedure can reach students both in face-to-face and distance learning, offering a way of understanding an experimental technique through a theoretical approach.
DETERMINATION OF BTEX IN ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES: DEVELOPMENT AND PROTECTION OF TECHNOLOGIES AND ANALYTICAL METHODS
Authors: PINHEIRO Helilma de Andréa , FERREIRA Ana Paula Mota , ALVES Ismael Carlos Braga , SANTOS JÚNIOR Antônio Fernandes , SAWCZUK Raquel Bezerra dos Santos , VIEGAS helmara diniz costa , MARQUES Aldaléa Lopes Brandes , NUNES Gilvanda Silva
Published: August 2021

The contamination of water and soil by petroleum hydrocarbons is reported quite frequently, mainly due to accidents involving transport and storage of fuels. Among the most toxic compounds the most volatile benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX). Residues of these compounds can cause serious environmental and public health troubles. Thus, more sensitive, selective and low-cost techniques, focused on the analysis and monitoring of these contaminants are being developed in order to establish operational control and to comply with local laws, but the intellectual property of such technologies is still unknown. The present study shows the panorama about patents, thesis and dissertations which have been already published on this theme. Together, the United States and China hold the largest number of patents, and most of thesis/dissertations describe methodologies for BTEX detection in water, although numerous environmental problems caused by oils in the soil had been reported. Also, the methods based on chromatographic techniques stand out in relation to the other techniques. It was possible to verify important advances in the field of sensors, especially the electrochemical ones, in order to solve the analytical gaps.
A TECHNICAL VIABILITY ANALYISIS OF USE OF THE CARAPA GUIANENSIS OIL (ANDIROBA OIL) AS CUTTING FLUID IN THE TURNING PROCESS OF THE ABNT 1020 AND 1045 STEEL GRADES
Authors: BOTELHO Tamires Isabela Mesquita , MONTEIRO JUNIOR Paulo Lourenço , DA SILVA Maria Adrina Paixão de Sousa , DA SILVA Rosimar Batista , DO NASCIMENTO Alexandre Saldanha
Published: August 2021

In machining, the proper selection of cutting fluids result in benefits that vary from superior quality of the machined component to manufacturing cost. In addition, the must have characteristics that do not harm the user and the environment. In this sense, this work evaluates the effects of the vegetable base oil extracted from Carapa Guianensis in the external cylindrical turning process of the ABNT 1020 and 1045 steel grades. Highspeed steel tools were tested under roughing and finishing conditions. In addition to the physico-chemical characterization (dynamic viscosity at 40 °C and pH) of fluid, the chip form, surface finish, tool wear and workpiece temperature were evaluated. After characterization of oil, there were recorded in the dynamic viscosity at 40 °C of 0.11 Pa.s and pH of 2.3. The average roughness recorded were very close to those usually reported in the literature for finishing turning for ABNT 1020 and 1045 steels. It was also observed that the workpiece temperatures were higher when machining the ABNT 1020 steel grade under finishing condition than for other steel and conditions tested. Based on these findings, the andiroba oil delivered the conventional coolant technique demonstrated to be a technically viable alternative to conventional coolants in the turning process of ABNT 1020 and 1045 steels, because of it biodegradability characteristics and to reduce petroleumbased cutting fluids in the machining processes.
ASSESSMENT OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTION OF CURCUMIN DURING STORAGE OF COMMERCIAL BIODIESEL PRODUCED FROM SOYBEAN OIL AND BEEF TALLOW
Authors: SANTOS Mikaelly Nayara , DE SOUZA Eliane Ferreira , FIORUCCI Antonio Rogério , DA SILVA Margarete Soares
Published: August 2021

Biodiesel has emerged as an alternative source to fossil fuels. In Brazil, to assign a good quality to biodiesel, regarding oxidation stability, it is necessary that the biodiesel shows a minimum of 8 h of induction period (IP), determined at a temperature of 110 ºC by the Rancimat method, in accordance with Resolution No. 45/2014 of ANP. As, in most cases, the biodiesel produced does not meet the established standards of oxidation stability, it is necessary to add antioxidants, which slow down the oxidative process. Thus, this paper proposes a study on the action of curcumin, a natural antioxidant, on commercial biodiesel produced from blending 80% soybean oil and 20% beef tallow. In this study, samples were stored for 180 days at 43 ºC, according to ASTM D4625 recommendations. It was possible to observe that curcumin ensured greater oxidation stability to biodiesel and lower acid number values during the period of storage. Kinetic studies showed that samples with the addition of curcumin showed the highest value of activation energy for the oxidative degradation process, demonstrating that adding this natural antioxidant makes biodiesel more resistant to oxidation.
STATE OF ART ABOUT TRACERS APPLIED IN THE EVALUATION OF WATER LEAKS IN DAMS
Authors: PIMENTA Rafael Colombo , BACELLAR Luís de Almeida Prado , RJEILLE Milena Jorge , MOREIRA Rubens Martins
Published: August 2021

Dams are essential elements in infrastructure and country’s development. It are historically constructed to store water, however, today dams are built for various purposes, such as irrigation, energy availability, water supply, waste retention, and flood control. All the dams in the world show some degree of leakage, occurring through the foundation, in the contact with the natural terrain or through the dam. One of the main causes of dam rupture is the process of internal erosion caused by leaks. Tracers can be used to understand the water flow in the dam to perform corrective activities to reduce risks. The objective of the study was to research the state of the art of tracers techniques applied to water leakage in dams. We used 78 references, such articles, publications and books, using as inclusion criterion all the materials with the theme involving dams and tracers applied to it. This article reviews these techniques and shows their importance in the early detection of leaks, to realize correct interventions to ensure the stability of the structure, avoiding disasters with incalculable damage to populations and the environment.
RESEARCH OF ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF Sida planicaulis Cav. (MALVACEAE) FUNGUS FILAMENTOSOS FRONT
Authors: SOBREIRA Ana Laura de Cabral , SOUSA Ana Clara da Rocha , CARMO Egberto Santos , DA COSTA Danielly Albuquerque
Published: August 2021

Sida planicaulis, popularly known as "vassoura", is very common in Curimataú Paraibano, although little studied in relation to its antimicrobial potential. This study aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of the crude ethanolic extract and its phases: hexane, chloroform, aceto- and hydroalcoholic phase of the plant on the filamentous fungi Rhizopus oryzae, Exophyala werneckii, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Cladosporum 2B3 and Microsporum canis. The antifungal activity was verified by the propagation technique in Agar. Incubation was carried out in a bacteriological oven at 28ºC for 7 to 15 days. The antifungal activity was evaluated by the values of the inhibition halos, the concentration of the Minimal Inhibitory by the microdilution technique, where all testes were performed in triplicate. The results showed antifungal activity against the microorganism Trichophyton mentagrophytes, the values of the inhibition halos varied between 15 and 36 mm, Third, species of extract and phases are not an antifungal activity. It can be concluded that the samples used are specific to the inhibitory plane against the fungus T. mentagrophytes, but did not obtain the units used for the development of a new antifungal.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON NATURAL COLORS / COATINGS OF CHITOSAN APPLIED IN CELLULOSIC PACKAGING
Authors: PEREIRA Anna Clara Marinho , DOMINGOS Ana Lisa Moreira , NOLETTO Ana Paula Reis , REIS Arlete Barbosa
Published: August 2021

The packaging industry is one of the most important sectors of the economy, recognized and diagnosed as strategic for society. With this, technologies have arisen aiming at sustainable development and the search for materials that minimize damages to the environment. At the same time, the need for innovation, quality assurance and practicality to be offered to the consumer, there is concern about its final destination in an economical and environmentally correct way. Included in this context are the cellulosic packaging and the substitution of coatings based on synthetic polymers by natural polymers. In the present work, coatings based on the chitosan biopolymer were developed with the addition of natural dyes: anthocyanin and urucum (Bixa Orellana L.), entitled PCA2 and PCU2, respectively. Samples of paper (277 g/m2) were coated and characterized as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), thickness, weight and barrier properties: WVPR, COBB and tensile strength. Weight and tensile strength analyzes showed no statistical differences. There was a reduction of WVPR of the order of 38.6% and 24.2% for the PCA2 and PCU2 samples, respectively, when compared to uncoated samples (PU). Similar fact occurred with the COBB analysis, there was reduction of the order of 14.8% and 29.62%.
MITIGATING ALUMINUM TOXICITY IN SEEDLINGS OF GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA L. USING SILICON
Authors: YAZDANI Mojtaba , SAADATMAND Sara , ENTESHARI Shekoofeh , HABIBOLAHI Saeed
Published: August 2021

Background: Silicon is a beneficial element for the plant, with the primary role in increasing plant resistance to heavy metals' toxicity and considering the importance of phytoremediation to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils. It could be used for the exogenous application for alleviating the harmful effects of heavy metals on the plant. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the role of Silicon in balancing the destructive effects of aluminum on Glycyrrhiza glabra L. Methods: the seedlings were grown under a hydroponic system using Long Ashton nutrient solution; the 15-day-old seedlings were exposed to Silicon (0, 0.5, 1.5 mM) for 110 days and afterward stressed by interactions of aluminum chloride (AlCl3.6H2O; 0, 100, 250, and 400 M). Result and Discussion: the interactive effects of Silicon significantly ameliorated the negative consequences of aluminum toxicity. The combination of Si 1.5 mM and Al 400 ?M produced the highest biomass in shoots (45.67 g). The simple effect of Si 1.5 mM (12.14 g) made the highest shoot dry weight. On the other hand, the highest quantity of root fresh and dry weight (12.52 and 3.22 g, respectively) was observed in Si 1.5 mM. Among the treatments, Si 0.5 mM + Al 100 ?M had the most stem height (38 cm) among interaction treatments. Similarly, photosynthetic pigments affected by Silicon, Al 250 ?M + Si 1.5 mM had the highest content of chlorophyll a (1.91 ?g/g FW), while Al 400 + 1.5 mM indicated the most increase in chlorophyll b (0.78 ?g/g FW) among interaction effects. This treatment by producing 0.663 ?g/g FW yielded the highest carotenoid content. The highest proline content in shoots and roots (69.54 and 81.46 ?g/g FW, respectively) were observed in the interaction of Al 400 ?M and Si 1.5 mM. Additionally, this treatment was observed to have the highest concentration of catalase (1.22 U/mg protein). The lowest malondialdehyde content was marked in Si 1.5 mM + Al 100 ?M (0.702 nM/g FW). Conclusion: overall, Glycyrrhiza Glabra L. seems to have high Al phytoremediation potential that can be enhanced with the exogenous application of a moderate Silicon level.
RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY FOR OPTIMIZATION OF HEAVY METAL ADSORPTION IN A MULTIMETAL SOLUTION BY BENTONITE-KAOLIN-ZEOLITE PELLETS
Authors: CARBONEL-RAMOS Dalia Elisa , CHIRINOS Hugo David , GOMÉZ-MARROQUÍN Mery Cecilia , AGARWAL Madhu
Published: August 2021

Background: Heavy metals contamination of surface and groundwater is a major environmental problem. Clay minerals are porous and are efficient to adsorb metal ions. Amongst the available treatment technologies, adsorption is the most cost-effective, easy to operate, scalable, and replicable to remediate heavy metals from water solution. Aim: This study aimed to assess the adsorption performance of clay pellets of natural aluminosilicates, bentonite (29%), kaolin (4%) and zeolite (67%) to remove heavy metals from aqueous solutions. Methods: The effect of optimal operating conditions like contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and heavy metals initial concentration has been studied. Kinetic and equilibrium studies were also performed. Adsorbents were characterized using FTIR analysis. Results and Discussion: Optimum values for contact time, adsorbent dose, pH, and initial concentration of lead, copper, and cadmium were; 240 min; 25 g/L; 4.3; and 4mg/L, 7 mg/L and 2 mg/L, respectively. The Langmuir isotherm was the best-fitted isotherm model for the three metals. Adsorption kinetics showed that the lead and copper adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order model while cadmium suited with the pseudo-first-order model. The selectivity of the pellets towards the metal ions was in the order of Pb > Cu > Cd. Conclusions: The new combination of bentonite-kaolinite-zeolite pellets worked well in tertiary wastewater treatment and successfully utilized as a natural adsorbent in multimetal solution. The results confirmed that the used clay pellets have better adsorption capacity than many other reported studies. Maximum adsorption capacity can be further increased by adjusting the calcination temperature and applying chemical treatments to the clay pellets before extrusion. The response surface analysis evaluated the predicted optimal values for the four operating factors.
THE EFFECT OF CANTHARIDIN AND ENDOTHALL ON GENE EXPRESSION OF THE KEY REGULATING ENZYMES IN CICHORIUM INTYBUS L.
Authors: GHOTBZADEH KERMANI Yalda , KHAVARI NEJAD Ramazan Ali , MAHMOODZADEH Homa , SHAHROKH ABADI Khadijeh
Published: August 2021

Background: the underlying mechanisms regulating biosynthesis and the very existence of a cellular system in plants have yet to be clarified to a satisfying point. Aim: this experiment tried to reveal the influence of cantharidin and endothall on gene expression of critical enzymes, glutathione S-transferase, protein phosphatase and, aspartate phosphatase in Cichorium intybus L., an important medicinal plant. Methods: two concentrations of cantharidin and endothall, 2.5 and 10 ?gml-1, were applied on C. intybus seedlings, and the changes in genes evaluated in shoots and roots. Results and Discussion: Cantharidin and endothall-treated seedlings had the lowest expression level of glutathione S-transferase in 2.5 ?gml-1 (0.92±0.11 and 1.07±0.61, respectively) while in 10 ?gml-1, the expression levels were slightly higher. The glutathione S-transferase expression in roots followed a similar trend. The Cantharidin effect on protein phosphatases in shoots and roots of C. intybus followed a similar pattern where the expression level of protein phosphatases in shoots and roots of treated seedlings with 2.5 ?gml-1 (0.51±0.03 and 1.34±0.12, respectively) reduced. At 10 ?gml-1 cantharidin, protein phosphatases' expression markedly increased in both shoots and roots (3.55±0.21 and 3.96±032, respectively). The expression of protein phosphatases in shoots received 2.5 ?gml-1 endothall considerably enhanced (43.21±3.1), whereas its expression was close to zero in roots. The expression of aspartate phosphatases in shoots with cantharidin 2.5 ?gml-1 was almost zero. Whereas in 10 ?gml-1, its expression was radically increased (3.76±0.23). Roots treated with cantharidin indicated high levels of expression, particularly in 10 ?gml-1 (2.07±0.11). Root treated with 2.5 ?gml-1 cantharidin similarly did not express aspartate phosphatases. Seedlings exposed to endothall, the relative expression level of aspartate phosphatases in shoots under 2.5 ?gml-1 was 17.49±1.21 while in roots with 2.5 ?gml-1 was down to 0.45±0.09. Conclusion: It can be reliably expressed that cantharidin and endothall halt plant growth in a dosage-dependent manner by downregulating critical enzymes C. intybus.
STRATEGIE POLSKIEJ KRYTYKI ARTYSTYCZNEJ PO 1989 ROKU
Authors: Ujma-Gawlik Magdalena
Published: August 2021

The text analyses a particular type of art criticism, that of experimental criticism. It has been theorised that it occurs where there is a transgression of the boundaries of traditional criticism as defined by Słownik Terminów Literackich (Dictionary of Literary Terms). Selected examples of texts written after 1989 have been analysed, showing examples of broadening the field of criticism and going beyond traditional boundaries. Thus, the ways in which criticism is treated as a game, a deliberately applied strategy, the use of concepts and borrowings from the field of literature have been analysed. An analysis of the texts and the rhetorical devices used in them has been made, as well as the authors’ concepts. It concludes: criticism uses means previously attributed to art and is a marker of changes in the language of culture.
The Effect of Shared Leadership and Organization Trust on Communication of Beauty Artists
Authors: Na Ji-Ha , Park Eun-Jun
Published: August 2021

In this study, we aim to explore the direction of communication that increases organizational trust through shared leadership within beauty organizations, supplementing existing leadership research while providing opportunities for further research, and research on leadership and organizational communication methods suitable for current beauty management environment. The subjects of this study were 584 copies of beauty care workers in Seoul and Daejeon were finally used as analysis data. As a results, this study examined the relationship between shared leadership, organizational trust, and communication of beauty workers, and found that both shared leadership and organizational trust are related to communication, and we cannot help but emphasize the importance of leadership, trust and communication to improve management performance. Based on this study, it is believed that if beauty managers directly apply it to organizational members, they will set more clear goals and produce better results.
The Effects of the Perception of Black Consumer Behavior on Emotion Labor and Self-Esteem in Hair Service Employees
Authors: Lee Seo-Yun , Jin Yong-Mi
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study is study the effects of perceived black consumer behavior on emotional labor and self-esteem by hair service workers. 298 hair service workers in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province collect data through a survey. Analysis method uses SPSS 26.0 Program to analyze frequency factor analysis, reliability analysis, Multiple regression analysis was performed. First, Second, black consumer behavior has been shown to have statistically significant static on emotional labor. Second, black consumer behavior has been shown to have statistically significant static effects on self-esteem. Third, emotional labor has a statistically significant adverse effect on self-esteem. This study will help identify the negative phenomena of black service industry and further shape effective measures to cope with black consumer’s efficient response and ultimately provide basic data to beauty service professionals to live a healthy and higher quality live.
The Effect of Intermediate Treatment Using Natural Polyphenol Cross-linker on Perming Efficiency and Hair Protection
Authors: Kim Min-Kyoung , Park Saerom , Lee Sang Hyun
Published: August 2021

This study investigated the effect of intermediate treatment using natural polyphenol cross-linking agent on perming efficiency and hair protection during Perm treatment. Among various polyphenols and organic acids, tannic acid and green tea extract, which are materials with high cross-linking efficiency, were selected as intermediate treatment agents, and a solution of optimal concentration of 1% was used for the intermediate treatment of the experimental group. As a result, first, when a wave Perm was performed using tannic acid and green tea extract as an intermediate treatment agent, both tannic acid and green tea extract groups showed higher perming efficiency and wave maintenance than the control group. In particular, green tea extract showed higher efficiency than tannic acid in improving the perming efficiency and hair protection of natural, permed and dyed hair. Second, tannic acid and green tea extract behaved as antioxidants, decreasing the hair damage caused by the oxidizing agent during the Perm process of the hair, thereby improving the tensile strength of the hair. Third, the hair surface of the experimental group was firmer and smoother than that of the control group, and in particular, the surface of the green tea extract experimental group was smoother than that of tannic acid experimental group. On the other hand, the cuticle surface of the control group appeared rough. This study showed that the natural polyphenol cross-linkers can be efficiently used as intermediate treatment agents during Perm treatment.
A Study on the Key Competencies and Barriers of Korean Hairdressers for Overseas Employment -Focused on Hair Salons in Australia-
Authors: You Eun-Sung
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to verify the key competencies and barriers of Korean hairdressers for overseas employment. This study was conducted between December 10, 2020 through May 18, 2021, using a questionnaire from 42 employers and managers of hair salons in Australia. Frequency analysis, mean(likert 5-point scale) and standard deviation were used to analyze the data. This study results were as follows: First, the salons answered the questions about preferred characteristics of Korean hairdressers: they didn’t care about gender(69.0%), they didn’t think age was important(45.2%), and they didn’t care about education either(88.1%). However, the salons preferred 4~5 years work experienced hairdressers(50%). Second, for the key competencies of Korean hairdressers, the hair salons regarded ‘personality(4.48±0.73)’ as the first priority and they answered that ‘hairdressing skills(4.18±0.89)’, ‘salon works(3.74±0.97)’, ‘language skills(3.70±1.15)’, ‘leadership(3.58±0.96)’, and ‘cultural understanding(3.39±1.20)’ were important as well. Third, the factors of barriers to employ Korean hairdressers were found to be ‘lack of English skills(3.75±1.18)’, ‘difficulty of visa extension(3.75±1.20)’, and ‘lack of work experience(3.25±1.16)’. Forth, the hair salons were satisfied with Korean hairdressers(3.86±0.99) and they would be willing to support Employer-sponsored-visa for hardworking hairdressers(4.64 ±0.60) as well.
Pharmaceutical provision of affected individuals in conditions of special period
Authors: Gudzenko Andrii
Published: August 2021

Studied the pharmaceutical support of affected individuals in the conditions of special period. The meaningful meaning is determined: special period; affected individuals and their close relatives. Particularities of the pharmaceutical provision of affected contingents of the population in the conditions of special period were studied. Proved that the analysis of the experience of economically developed countries is useful for the formation of a powerful and effective healthcare system in Ukraine for the pharmaceutical provision of affected and privileged categories of citizens in emergency situations. The necessity of further researches in the field of pharmaceutical provision of persons who suffered in the conditions of the special period is substantiated.
Using Mindfulness/Contemplative Practices to Help Students Focus in Mathematics Classrooms
Authors: Walkins Mary B.
Published: August 2021

Can using mindfulness/contemplative practices help students become mindful, focused, and present in the mathematics classroom? In this study, mindfulness/contemplative practices were used in the mathematics classroom to determine if students were encouraged to be mindful, focused, and present or engaged in problem solving. During class time, students engaged in the following 2 contemplative practices: a “Mindful Minute of Deep Breathing” and “Beholding the Mathematics”. The one minute of mindful Deep Breathing took place usually at the beginning of class. Then, during a regular class period, students used Beholding to look more deeply at topics, probe questions, and investigate answers to questions. The survey responses indicated that the mindfulness/contemplative practices were very useful in the mathematics classroom to help students to be mindful (both inside and outside of the classroom), focus on the mathematics taught, and be present or engaged in the problem solving.
My First 51 Years Teaching Microbiology at The Community College of Baltimore County
Authors: Kaiser Gary E.
Published: August 2021

I have had just one job interview in my life and it was for the position of Biology Instructor at Catonsville Community College. Having just completed my M.S. Degree at Northern Illinois University, I knew I needed employment because I was moving to Maryland prior to September 1970. After enquiring about the possibility of a teaching position at 4 Maryland community colleges, I was granted an interview at Catonsville Community College. On May 4, 1970, I found myself driving from Illinois to Maryland for a real job interview. I remember the date because I was listening on my car radio to the aftermath of the Kent State shooting earlier that day. The interview apparently went well because I was offered the position beginning in September for the amazing salary of $10,000! My professional life had begun. Armed with little more than a love of microbiology and a lot of patience and desire, I began the journey to hopefully become the best microbiology educator of which I am capable. Fifty-one years later I am still striving for that goal.
The Second-Year Retention Effect of Early Enrollment in a First-Year Seminar
Authors: McKoy Tyrone E.
Published: August 2021

Is early enrollment in a qualified first-year seminar (FYS) positively associated with second-year retention rates of new community college students? A large mid-Atlantic community college (MAC) believes that it is, and this belief is the basis for the hypothesis being tested in this research. Beginning in 2010, new first-time college and degree-seeking students were required to enroll in the newly developed FYS course in the first semester of attendance. Students who complied with this policy over the years 2010-2013 were matched on an array of observable and unobservable variables with similar students from the prior years 2006-2009 using the propensity-score matching (PSM) method. Using a logistic regression model, it was estimated that average treatment effect was a statistically significant positive impact of a 6.07 percentage-point increase in the likelihood of being retained into the second year. This result is in line with a common, but not universal, belief in the theory and other research that suggests that enrollment in a FYS would have such an effect. Although there are clear limitations to this result, the implications are positive for the community college that adopted this new policy and for the students it serves.
Implementation of Teacher Social Competence in Improving Student Learning Motivation
Authors: Ybnu Taufan Muhammad , Basalamah Abdurahman
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the social implementation of teachers in increasing student motivation at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Balang-Balang, Gowa Regency. This research is qualitative because this type of research does not only want to collect data in terms of quality, to gain a deeper understanding. The study uses purposive sampling as well as a purposeful sample. The purpose of the sample is to take the subject based on the existence of that purpose. The sources of data in this study are the Head of Madrasah, Teachers, Student totaling 641 people. The population of this study amounted to 641 people, the authors used 10% of the total population, namely 64 students. Further data collection by observation, interviews. Qualitative data analysis techniques according to Matthew Milles consist of three streams of activities that occur simultaneously, namely: data reduction, data presentation, and verification or drawing conclusions. Results showed that the competence implementation factor encountered by the students' enthusiasm did not understand the teacher's wishes which resulted in their motivation to study being mediocre. Furthermore, the increase in teacher motivation also often carries out remedial and enrichment, because students often miss lessons so that special guidance is needed in this case.
Professores de História do ensino médio em tempos de pandemia do coronavírus
Authors: Oliveira Vítor Lins
Published: August 2021

Este estudo problematiza a situação vivida pelos professores de História do Ensino Médio do estado da Paraíba no segundo ano da pandemia do coronavírus e as demandas pelo ensino remoto e/ou híbrido dela advindas. Em um primeiro momento, apresenta as problemáticas, no Ensino de História, provenientes da pandemia e as medidas legislativas tomadas para contorná-las. Em seguida, discute a luta pela sobrevivência, em 2021, com as exigências de retorno às aulas presenciais na rede privada, apesar do aumento do número de casos e óbitos decorrentes da COVID-19. Por fim, compartilha uma experiência de metodologia ativa e reflete sobre os impactos e reações da classe trabalhadora neste estado.