bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Implementation of a Daily Rapid Antigen Testing Program in California for Detecting SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ventura Maria I. , Delgado Darci , Velasquez Susan , Foote Eric , Jacobson Kathleen , Arguello Juan Carlos , Warburton Katherine
Published: February 2022

Objectives. To evaluate a daily antigen testing program for health care personnel.

Methods. We examined antigen testing results between December 13, 2020, and April 30, 2021, from 5 forensic psychiatric inpatient hospitals throughout California.

Results. Among 471 023 antigen tests administered, 449 positives (0.0036% false positives) were detected.

Conclusions. Antigen tests had low false-positive rates, high positive predictive value, and high levels of acceptability, important characteristics when considering their application in the community.

Public Health Implications. Daily antigen testing was feasible and should be considered to reduce COVID-19 transmission. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(3):467–471. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306588 )
Socioeconomic Disparities of Low-Cost Air Quality Sensors in California, 2017–2020
Authors: Sun Yi , Mousavi Amirhosein , Masri Shahir , Wu Jun
Published: February 2022

Objectives. To (1) examine the disparity in availability of PurpleAir low-cost air quality sensors in California based on neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) and exposure to fine particulate matter smaller than 2.5 micrometers (PM2.5), (2) investigate the temporal trend of sensor distribution and operation, and (3) identify priority communities for future sensor distribution.

Methods. We obtained census tract–level SES variables and PM2.5 concentrations from the CalEnviroScreen4.0 data set. We obtained real-time PurpleAir sensor data (July 2017–September 2020) to examine sensor distribution and operation. We conducted spatial and temporal analyses at the census tract level to investigate neighborhood SES and PM2.5 concentrations in relation to sensor distribution and operation.

Results. The spatial coverage and the number of PurpleAir sensors increased significantly in California. Fewer sensors were distributed in census tracts with lower SES, higher PM2.5, and higher proportions of racial/ethnic minority populations. Furthermore, a large proportion of existing sensors were not in operation at a given time, especially in disadvantaged communities.

Conclusions. Disadvantaged communities should be given access to low-cost sensors to fill in spatial gaps of air quality monitoring and address environmental justice concerns. Sensor purchasing and deployment must be paired with regular maintenance to ensure their reliable performance. (Am J Public Health. 2022;112(3):434–442. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306603 )
Refusal Rates to Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Items in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2014–2019
Authors: O’Brien Rory P. , Blosnich John R.
Published: February 2022

Objectives. To explore trends in sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) item refusal in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Methods. We used annual data from 7 US states that implemented the SOGI module of the BRFSS from 2014 to 2019 to examine prevalence of sexual orientation (n = 373 332) and gender identity (n = 373 336) item refusal. Analyses included the weighted Wald χ2 test of association between refusal and year and logistic regressions predicting refusal by year. We weighted analyses to account for complex sampling design.

Results. We found low SOGI item refusal rates, significant declines in these refusal rates over time, and differences in refusal rates by age, sex, race, education, and language. We also found that Hispanic group membership did not explain SOGI item refusal when accounting for interview language; interview language was strongly associated with both sexual orientation and gender identity item refusal.

Conclusions. Our results indicate acceptance of SOGI measurement and empirically support continuation of SOGI in health surveillance surveys. Findings indicate a need to further investigate the association between survey translation and item refusal.
Measuring thermal conductivity via basic home equipment
Authors: Erol Mustafa , Kuzucu Muhammed Emre
Published: February 2022

This work reports a trouble-free alternative measuring approach for instructing the puzzling concept of thermal conductivity. In order to accomplish the task, a basic daily used home equipment is employed together with a mathematical modelling approach. Specifically, a simple approach to measure the thermal conductivity coefficient is described and temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity is mathematically modelled. Developed method is interesting in the sense that the experimental equipment is very practical and minimal costing, hence the approach offers physics educators fresh teaching routes and opportunities to clarify the puzzling concept of thermal conductivity and related concepts.
Development of physics e-module based on integrated project-based learning model with Ethno-STEM approach on smartphones for senior high school students
Authors: Yulkifli Yulkifli , Yohandri Yohandri , Azis Hasbi
Published: February 2022

Standard competency of graduate students of class XI in Physics learning is considered not optimal. One of the contributing factors is the unavailability of the Physics E-Module, which contains model steps and is integrated with a learning approach in order to direct students in active learning. This study aims to produce a Physics E-Module based on an integrated project-based learning model with an Ethno-STEM approach on smartphones for class XI high school students with valid, practical, and effective criteria. This is development research using the Plomp development model consisting of three stages: Preliminary Research, Development or Prototyping Phase, and Assessment Phase. The instruments used in this research include three questionnaires for preliminary study, validity and practicality, attitude observation sheets, written test sheets, and skills assessment sheets. The result obtained was a Physics E-Module based on an integrated project-based learning model with the Ethno-STEM approach on smartphones for class XI high school students who meet valid, practical, and effective criteria.
Stability analysis and soliton solutions to the new Hamiltonian amplitude equation in mathematical physics
Authors: Rayhanul Islam S M
Published: February 2022

The new Hamiltonian amplitude (nHA) equation deals with some of the disabilities of the modulation wave-train. The main task of this paper is to extract the analytical wave solutions of the nHA equation. Based on the unified scheme, analytical wave solutions are attained in terms of hyperbolic and trigonometric function solutions. In order to prompt the underlying wave propagation characteristics, three-dimensional (3D), two-dimensional (2D) are illustrated from the solutions obtained with the help of computational packages Mathematica and also made comparisons between wave profiles for various values. The proposed method can also be used for many other nonlinear evolution equations.
Twinkle twinkle brittle star, how I wonder what your genes are: Ophioderma brevispinum as a genomic resource for regeneration
Authors: Mashanov Vladimir , Machado Denis Jacob , Reid Robert , Brouwer Cory , Kofsky Janice , Janies Daniel A.
Published: February 2022

Background: Echinoderms are established models in experimental and developmental biology however genomic resources are still lacking for many species. Here, we present the draft genome of Ophioderma brevispinum, an emerging model organism in the field of regenerative biology. This new genomic resource provides a reference experimtental studies of regenerative mechanisms. Results: We report a de novo nuclear genome assembly for the brittle star O. brevispinum and annotation facilitated by the transcriptome assembly. The final assembly is 2.68 Gb in length and contains 146,833 predicted protein-coding gene models. We also report a mitochondrial genome for this species, which is 15,831 bp in length, and contains 13 protein-coding, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs genes, respectively. In addition, 29 genes of the Notch signaling pathway are identified to illustrate the practical utility of the assembly for studies of regeneration. Conclusions: The sequenced and annotated genome of O. brevispinum presented here provides the first such resource for an ophiuroid model species. Considering the remarkable regenerative capacity of this species, this genome will be an essential resource in future research efforts on molecular mechanisms regulating regeneration.
Dry events according a precipitation threshold value in the Mediterranean climate of northern Tunisia
Authors: Mathlouthi Majid , Lebdi Fethi
Published: February 2022

Dry spells observed in Ichkeul basin Northern Tunisia using daily precipitation data were analyzed. Dry days were defined as having less than a threshold value of accumulated precipitation. Various values of the threshold were investigated. Analysis point dry spells occur randomly during the rainy season. The longest dry spells associated with various statistical recurrence periods are derived on the basis of the fitted Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distributions. An extreme case (meteorological droughts) was analysed. From the drought return period analysis, the 1 September 1987 drought was found to be the most extreme with a 127-yr return period. The maximum number of seasonal dry events observed is inversely proportional to the threshold value. Longest observed in rainfall event duration is invariant to the rainfall threshold and displays 13 days. This study provides the foundation data for reducing Ichkeul’s vulnerability to future droughts, and investigating the causes of droughts.
Psychometric Evaluation of the NORC Diagnostic Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) for the Assessment of DSM-5 Gambling Disorder
Authors: Brazeau Brad W. , Hodgins David C.
Published: February 2022

The National Opinion Research Center (NORC) Diagnostic Screen for Gambling Problems (NODS) is one of the most used outcome measures in gambling intervention trials. However, a screen based on DSM-5 gambling disorder criteria has yet to be developed or validated since the DSM-5 release in 2013. This omission is possibly because the criteria for gambling disorder only underwent minor changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5: the diagnostic threshold was reduced from 5 to 4 criteria, and the illegal activity criterion was removed. Validation of a measure that captures these changes is still warranted. The current study examined the psychometric properties of an online self-report past-year adaptation of the NODS based on DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for gambling disorder (i.e., NODS-GD). A diverse sample of participants (N = 959) was crowdsourced via Amazon’s TurkPrime. Internal consistency and one-week test-retest reliability were good. High correlations (r = .74–.77) with other measures of gambling problem severity were observed in addition to moderate correlations (r = .21–.36) with related but distinct constructs (e.g., gambling expenditures, time spent gambling, other addictive behaviors). All nine of the DSM-5 criteria loaded positively on one principal component, which accounted for 40% of the variance. Classification accuracy (i.e., sensitivity, specificity, predictive power) was generally very good with respect to the PGSI and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. Future studies are encouraged to establish a gold standard self-report measure of gambling problems and develop agreed-upon recommendations for the use and interpretation of crowdsourced addiction data.
Predicting Invasive Predator Impact via the Comparative Functional Response Approach: Linking Application to Ecological Theory
Authors: Landi Pietro , McCoy Michael W , Vonesh James R
Published: February 2022

The Comparative Functional Response Approach (CFRA) was developed to provide a practical methodology by which short-term experiments can be used to forecast the longer-term impacts of a potential invading consumer. The CFRA makes inferences about potential invader impact based on comparisons of the functional responses of invader and native consumers on native prey in a common experimental venue. Application of the CFRA and derivative approaches have proliferated since it was introduced in 2014. Here we examine the conceptual foundations of the CFRA within the context of basic Lotka-Volterra predator-prey theory. Our goals are to assess whether core predictions of the CFRA hold within this framework, to consider the relative importance of background mortality and consumer assimilation efficiency in determining predator impact, and to leverage this conceptual framework to expand the discussion regarding stability and long term predator and prey dynamics. The CFRA assertion that predators with a higher functional response will have larger impacts on prey holds as long as all other parameters are equal, but basic theory indicates that predator impacts on prey abundance and stability will depend more on variation in conversion efficiency and background mortality. While examination of the CFRA within this framework highlights limitations about its current application, it also points to potential strengths that are only revealed when a theoretical context is identified, in this case the implications for stability and conceptual links to competition theory.
The treatment outcome of infants less than 6 months of age with uncomplicated Severe Acute Malnutrition fed with supplementary suckling technique in armed conflict Yemen
Authors: Baazab Mohamed Salem Mohamed , Bilal Jalal Ali , Ba-Saddik Iman Ali , Arabi Ali Mohammed
Published: February 2022

Background: Globally 3.8 million of children < 6 month of age are severely wasted. In Yemen, 2.3 million children under the age of five suffer from acute malnutrition in 2021 and 20% of Children under six months were affected by malnutrition during the armed conflict. Supplementary suckling reestablishes exclusive breastfeeding in infant less than 6 months of age with SAM. This study aimed to determine the outcome of employing supplementary suckling technique in treatment of uncomplicated SAM infants in a conflict-affected community.Methods: A prospective hospital-based study was done between January to April 19th, 2020 among randomly selected infants less than 6 months of age with SAM following breastfeeding failure. Infants’ anthropometric indices were daily measured and recorded. Supplementary sulking technique was used in management with DF100 or F75. Outcome was recorded as cured, died, defaulter or in nonrecovery state.Results: infants in this study (n=108) had a median (IQR) age of 4.0 (2.5) and a male: female ratio of 1.4. The cure rate after feeding was 80.6%, defaulters were 13 (12%), 6 (5.6%) died and 2 (1.9%) infants did not respond to treatment. Thirty-four infants (38.8%) gained weight with significantly increased median weight and median weight-for-age z score. Median weight gain rate was 10.1 g/Kg/day. The median (IQR) duration of treatment was 9 (3.8) days. The means of age and weight-for-length z score were correlated (r= -0.22, p=0.025). Duration of treatment was a predictor of outcome (OR=1.71, 95% CI=0.05-0.62, p<0.001). Conclusion: Supplementary suckling technique for feeding infant with SAM aged less than 6 months had a positive impact on anthropometric indices with high cure rate. The younger the infant and the longer the duration of treatment, the better the outcome.Trial registration: Not Applicable
Rapid Sequence Induction And Intubation With A Divided Dose Of Mivacurium Compared With Rocuronium: A Randomized, Controlled, Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Li Yuxin , Ma Yimei , Du Fang , Shi Yuncen , Cang Jing , Miao Changhong , Zhang Xiaoguang
Published: February 2022

Background ː Mivacurium is a short-acting nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent (NMBA) with rapid and reliable metabolism. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether mivacurium provided tracheal intubation conditions noninferior to those of rocuronium for rapid sequence induction and intubation in patients undergoing general anesthesia.Methodsː A total of 158 patients receiving elective surgery were recruited and randomized to the mivacurium group (Group Miva, n=79) or rocuronium group (Group Rocu, n=79). Mivacurium 0.25 mg/kg in divided doses or rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg were given to the patients in Group Miva or Group Rocu, respectively, in combination with propofol, lidocaine, remifentanil, and ephedrine. The primary outcome was the rate of excellent tracheal intubation condition evaluated by Cooper’s scale 90 seconds after the initial dose of NMBAs. The secondary endpoints were mean arterial pressure and heart rate before and 10 minutes after induction at 1-minute intervals and adverse events. The non-inferiority margin was set as 10%.Resultsː The rates of excellent tracheal intubation conditions were 94.94% (75/79) in Group Miva and 100% (79/79) in Group Rocu. The difference was -5.06% (one-sided 97.5% confidence interval -9.96% to -∞), which satisfied the noninferiority hypothesis (P=0.024). Intubating conditions were clinically acceptable in all patients. Mean arterial pressure and heart rate were not significantly different during the induction period (P>0.05).Conclusionsː Compared with rocuronium 0.9 mg/kg, mivacurium 0.25 mg/kg in divided doses in rapid sequence induction demonstrated noninferiority with regard to the rate of excellent intubation conditions and provided hemodynamic variations comparable to rocuronium.Trial registrationː This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry on 02/05/2020 (URL: http://www.chictr.org.cn. Registry number: ChiCTR2000032571).
Longitudinal borehole functionality in 15 rural Ghanaian towns from three groundwater quality clusters
Authors: Schultes Olivia L. , Sikder Mustafa , Agyapong Emmanuel A. , Sodipo Michelle O. , Naumova Elena N. , Kosinski Karen C. , Kulinkina Alexandra
Published: February 2022

Objective: In sub-Saharan Africa, 45% of the rural population uses boreholes (BHs). Despite recent gains in improved water access and coverage, parallel use of unimproved sources persists. Periodic infrastructure disrepair contributes to non-exclusive use of BHs. Our study describes functionality of BHs in 2014, 2015, and 2016 in 15 rural towns in the Eastern Region of Ghana sourced from three groundwater quality clusters (high iron, high salinity, and control). We also assess factors affecting cross-sectional and longitudinal functionality using logistic regression. Results: BH functionality rates ranged between 81% and 87% and were similar across groundwater quality clusters. Of 51 BHs assessed in all three years, 34 (67%) were consistently functional and only 3 (6%) were consistently broken. There was a shift toward proactive payment for water over the course of the study in all but the high iron cluster. Payment mechanism, population served, presence of nearby alternative water sources, and groundwater quality cluster were not significant predictors of cross-sectional or longitudinal BH functionality. However, even in the high iron cluster, where water quality is poor and no structured payment mechanism for water exists, BHs are maintained, showing that they are important community resources.
New exploration of the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterium lung disease: Moxifloxacin may be a first-line drug for the treatment of NTM-PD
Authors: Feng Binbin , Lin Meiying , Yan Qinghu , Qiu Lihua
Published: February 2022

Objective: By comparing the results of moxifloxacin sensitivity test and clinical efficacy in nontuberculous mycobacterium lung disease (NTM-PD) further confirm the necessity of moxifloxacin as a first-line drug for the treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterium（NTM）.Method: Positive samples of sputum, bronchoscope brush or alveolar lavage fluid cultured in Bactec MGIT960 system were retrospectively selected from inpatients in Shandong Provincial Chest Hospital, China from January 2015 to December 2020. The strains were identified by MPB64 colloidal gold method, gene chip and microbial mass spectrum identification system. The drug detection of NTM was performed by microplate method, Meanwhile, the efficacy of moxifloxacin in NTM-PD treatment regimen was compared.Results: 1. Among the 575 patients with positive sample culture, the bacteria species of 485 patients were identified. A total of 19 species of NTM were detected, and the majority of them were Mycobacterium intracellulare (68.87%, 334/485).2.The results of microplate assay of 219 NTM patients showed that all NTM strains were highly sensitive to moxifloxacin, amikacin and clarithromycin [100.00%(219/219), 96.80%(212/219), 94.52% (207/219), respectively]. 3. This study showed that the bacteriological cure rate of the NTM-PD treatment regimen containing moxifloxacin was 73.68% (42/57), significantly higher than that of the regimen without moxifloxacin (55.45%, 56/101), and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion: In this study, all the strains of NTM patients were 100% sensitive to moxifloxacin, and the clinical bacteriological cure rate of moxifloxacin containing regimen was significantly improved. Therefore, moxifloxacin is recommended as the first-line drug for the treatment of NTM.
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) as a Potential Therapeutic Against Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Mice
Authors: Banzubaze Emmanuel , Mulindwa Julius , Ochwo Silver , Wampande Eddie
Published: February 2022

Objective: Research is focused on cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is the leading cause of death in the world and remains one of the major diseases strongly affected by diet and sedentary lifestyle. The aim of this study was to determine the potential effect of EGCG on blood lipid and glucose profiles in mice exposed to conditions that lead to CVD. Groups of male mice were subjected to different diet, exercise and EGCG supplementation. EGCG was delivered in drinking water for a dose of 30 mg /kg/ day. Blood was collected for lipid and glucose analysis. The data was analyzed using a mulit variate approach including one-way analysis of variance test (one-way ANOVA), Tukey –Kramer multiple comparison test and pairwise correlation analysis was used to determine the significance between control and treated groups.Results: The mice subjected to high-fat diet (Anova p-value = 0.0039) and sedentary lifestyle (Anova p-value = 0.0016) showed elevated levels for total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol triglycerides and glucose. EGCG supplementation in mice undergoing high fat diet and sedentary lifestyle resulted in a significant reduction in the lipid profiles and blood glucose (Anova p-value = 0.0001).
Ellagic Acid Alleviates Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in C57 Mice via the Caspase-1-GSDMD Pathway
Authors: Wang Hao , Miao Fujun , Ning Delu , Shan Chunlan
Published: February 2022

Background
Ellagic acid (EA) is a phenolic component of some fruits and nuts, EA has protective properties against oxidative damage and inflammatory reaction in many disorders. Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common pathophysiological phenomenon in the veterinary clinic.
Results
In the present study, the protective effects of EA pretreatment against hepatic IRI-induced injury and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Here, we found that pyroptosis is involved in hepatic IRI, which is manifested in increasing the expression of pyroptosis-related genes and promoting the expression of active caspase-1, thereby cleaving GSDMD-N to cause pyroptosis, and use caspase-1−/− mice to verify this conclusion. In addition, we found that EA protects against hepatic IRI by inhibiting pyroptosis, including reducing the activity of caspase-1 and its expression in the liver, inhibiting the lysis of GSDMD-N, and reducing the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β.
Conclusions
The present results have demonstrated that prophylactic administration of EA ameliorated hepatic IRI by inhibiting pyroptosis induced in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion in vivo through the caspase-1-GSDMD axis, providing a potential therapeutic option prevent hepatic IRI in pets.
Oxygen isotope (δ18O, Δ’17O) insights into continental mantle evolution since the Archean
Authors: Bindeman Ilya , dionov@orange.fr Dmitry , Tollan Peter , Golovin Alexander
Published: February 2022

The proportions of stable isotopes of oxygen change little in geologic processes at high temperatures, but are strongly fractionated near the Earth’s surface, and thus are robust indicators of recycling of surface materials to Earth’s mantle. Here we document a subtle but significant (by 0.15-0.2‰) temporal decrease in d18O in the continental lithospheric mantle (CLM) from the Archean to the Phanerozoic eons both for its major mineral (olivine, 5.37±0.07‰ to 5.16±0.10‰) and bulk rocks (peridotites), which we link to the initiation of plate tectonics at the end of the Archean (~2.5-2.0 Ga). The CLM is made of accreted melting residues of the asthenosphere, usually created or transformed in mantle wedges above subduction zones, fluxed by low-d18O fluids from subducting slabs. We posit that d18O in the oldest Archean CLM, uncontaminated by subduction, provides the best d18O estimate for the BSE of 5.37‰ for olivine and 5.57‰ for bulk peridotite, values that are comparable to lunar rocks as the moon did not have plate tectonics. Younger samples document a decrease and greater heterogeneity of d18O in the geologic record due to the development and progression of plate tectonics. Furthermore, mass balance considerations suggest that, given large volume of the CLM, even small decreases in its d18O may explain increasing d18O of the continental crust since oxygen is progressively redistributed by fluids between these reservoirs.
Trefoil Factor 1 Suppresses Stemness And Enhances Chemosensitivity Of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Yanaguchi Junpei , Kokuryo Toshio , Yokoyama Yukihiro , Oishi Shunsuke , Sunagawa Masaki , Mizuno Takashi , Onoe Shunsuke , Watanabe Nobuyuki , Ogura Atsushi , Ebata Tomoki
Published: February 2022

Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies, partly due to its high resistance to conventional chemotherapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between chemoresistance and trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1), a tumor-suppressive protein in pancreatic carcinogenesis. To investigate the role of TFF1 in human and mice, specimens of human pancreatic cancer and genetically engineered mouse model of pancreatic cancer (KPC/TFF1KO; Pdx1-Cre/ LSL-KRASG12D/ LSL-p53R172H/ TFF1-/-) were analysed. The expression of TFF1 in cancer cells was associated with better survival of the patients who underwent chemotherapy, and the deficiency of TFF1 increased EMT of cancer cells and deteriorated the benefit of gemcitabine in mice. To explore the efficacy of TFF1 treatment, recombinant and chemically synthesized TFF1 were administered to pancreatic cancer cell lines and mouse models. TFF1 inhibited gemcitabine-induced EMT, Wnt pathway activation and cancer stemness, eventually increased apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells by gemcitabine. Combined treatment of gemcitabine and TFF1 arrested tumor growth and resulted in the better survival of mice. These results indicate that TFF1 can contribute to establishing a novel strategy to treat pancreatic cancer patients by enhancing chemosensitivity.
Speciation Characterization and Environmental Stability of Arsenic in Arsenic-Containing Copper Slag Tailing
Authors: Zhou Chuncai , Shen Hexin , Zhang Weiwei , Sun Jinke , Wu Wentao , Liu Guijian
Published: February 2022

Increasing amounts of arsenic-containing impurities in Cu ores may deteriorate the smelting process and aggravate the environmental impact of slag tailing. Geochemical, mineralogical and chemical speciation characteristics were investigated to elucidate the association and environmental stability of metal(loid)s in copper slag tailing. Results shown that the bulk chemical compositions of the selected slag tailing are Fe2O3 (54.8%) and SiO2 (28.1%). The selected slag tailing may lead to multi-elemental contamination potential for the elevated concentrations of environmental sensitively elements. The mineral phases in slag tailing are silicate (fayalite), oxides (magnetite and hematite), sulfides (galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite and chalcopyrite). The invariably overlap of silicate, iron, arsenic and oxygen in the elemental distribution suggested that arsenic is existed silicate minerals as Si-Fe-As-O phases. Meanwhile, arsenic is also associated with sulfide minerals and oxides. The percentages of arsenite (As(III)) and arsenate (As(V)) are 59.4% and 40.6% in the selected slag tailing, respectively. The slag tailing is regarded non-hazardous waste for the tiny amounts of toxic elements in leachates. Nevertheless, the slag tailing should be property disposed for the elevated carbonate bound of As and Cu in the slag tailing.
“Your status cannot hinder you”: The importance of resilience among adolescents living with HIV in Kenya
Authors: Adams Casey Phippen , Kiruki Millicent , Karuga Robinson , Otiso Lilian , Graham Susan M. , Beima-Sofie Kristin
Published: February 2022

Background: Approximately 40% of the 110,000 adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Kenya have not achieved viral suppression. Despite the increasing availability of adolescent-friendly services, adolescents face barriers that impact ART adherence. This study aimed to identify key stigma-related barriers to ART adherence and strategies used by adolescents in overcoming these barriers.Methods: Data were collected by LVCT Health, a Kenyan organization with a programmatic focus on HIV testing, prevention, and care, and gender-based violence. 122 participants were recruited from 3 clinical sites affiliated with LVCT Health in Nairobi, Kisumu, and Mombasa. In-depth interviews were conducted with ALHIV (n = 12). Focus group discussions were conducted with ALHIV (n = 5), peer leaders (n = 3), and adolescents in the community (AIC) irrespective of HIV status (n = 3). Interviews and focus groups were audio recorded, translated, and transcribed. Data were analyzed thematically, with a focus on stigma and resilience. Results: While AIC and peer leaders focused heavily on adherence barriers and stigma, ALHIV also identified resilience factors that enabled them to overcome stigma. Four major themes emerged: 1) knowledge and future-oriented goals can drive motivation for ALHIV to remain healthy; 2) disclosure to others strengthens support systems for ALHIV; 3) medication-taking strategies and strategic disclosure can overcome adherence challenges in school; and 4) a supportive clinic environment promotes continuous adolescent engagement in HIV care. These concepts were used to develop a conceptual stigma/resilience model depicting how resilience moderates negative effects of stigma among ALHIV.Conclusions: This study demonstrates the positive effects of ALHIV resilience on ART adherence and illuminates how stigma impacts ALHIV differently depending on their resilience. Strengths-based interventions, focused on increasing resilience among ALHIV in Kenya, and more formal involvement of adolescent peers to bolster adolescent support, have the potential to improve ART adherence among ALHIV.
Single-port laparoscopic herniorrhaphy using reverse puncture technique without hydrodissection in treatment of pediatric inguinal hernia
Authors: Zeng Hui , Xue Yan-sheng , Wei Qiong , Yang Zhi-min
Published: February 2022

Background In single-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure, hydrodissection is commonly used. Although hydrodissection makes the operation easier, it can cause shock and twist the vas deferens. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the reverse puncture technique could be used instead of hydrodissection.Methods Between March 2019 and January 2021, 132 children with inguinal hernias underwent single-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure using the reverse puncture technique. The double-hook core needle with a suture was used to puncture the abdominal cavity along the lateral border of the internal ring under single-port laparoscopic vision. The suture was left in the abdominal cavity. The needle was then passed through the gap between the vas deferens / spermatic vessels and the peritoneum along the medial border of the internal ring to capture the end of the suture. The suture was tied in the extraperitoneal space after it was brought out of the abdominal wall.Results The 132 patients, 106 males and 26 females, had an average age of 2.71 ± 2.18 years. Sixty patients were chosen for bilateral surgery, with 57 of them having contralateral patent processus vaginalis. The average operating time for unilateral and bilateral cases was 9.9 ± 2.1 and 15.4 ± 3.3 minutes, respectively. One patient had a recurrence during the 9 to 24 month follow-up period (0.7%).Conclusions For the treatment of pediatric inguinal hernias, single-port laparoscopic percutaneous extraperitoneal closure utilizing the reverse puncture technique provides a simpler and safer option.
Adaptation of Azawak cattle in northern Benin
Authors: ADAMBI Zhaïrath Foukpê BOUKARI , Dotché Ignace Ogoudanan , Barassounon Inoussa , Salami Nourou Deen , Kassa Kévin Sagui , Alkoiret Traoré Ibrahim , Ahissou Athanase , Kperou Bill , Touré Fataou Zakari , Yacoubou Aliyassou Mama , Bonou Gabriel Assouan , Dahouda Mahamadou , Karim Issaka Youssao Abdou
Published: February 2022

In an effort to improve national meat and milk production, the Benin government imported Azawak zebus from Niger. The aim of the study is to assess the adaptation of these cattle in the northern area of Benin. Data on breeding techniques were collected in the departments of Borgou, Alibori and Donga on Azawak cattle introduced to 18 farms to improve the productivity of local breeds by crossbreeding. Based on the resistance level of the Azawak, the breeders were classified into three groups. In group 1, very few pathologies have been reported and the animals have the same resistance as local breeds despite the lack of breeding infrastructure among breeders in this group. Animals in this group spend the night in the open air and crop residues are used more than concentrates in their diets. In group 3, Azawak are generally less resistant than local breeds and nevertheless have acceptable resistance to disease. However, breeders in this group have livestock infrastructure, artificial pastures and they use food supplements. Group 2 breeders have intermediate characteristics between group 1 and group 3. Azawak Cows produce on average 3.8 liters of milk per day. Generally, Azawak cattle have adapted in the northern part of Benin.
Implementation of a Free Water Protocol at a Long Term Acute Care Hospital: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Gaidos Stefanie , Hrdlicka Henry Charles , Corbett John
Published: February 2022

This feasibility study aimed to trial a Free Water Protocol (FWP) for patients with thin liquid dysphagia in the Long-Term Acute Care Hospital (LTACH) setting. Patients with dysphagia are often prescribed thickened liquids to avoid or mitigate aspiration. While this clinical intervention can minimize the risk of aspiration pneumonia (PNA), it is generally not well received by patients. As such, the goal of this study was to determine if patients who knowingly aspirate thin liquids can safely tolerate thin liquid water, and if so, to what degree of benefit. The study assessed for adverse events, fluid intake, hydration status, quality of life, and overall swallow function outcomes. These measurements were taken over a 7 day trial period using inventories, lab work, clinical judgment, and observation for data collection. Ten patients were enrolled in this study with 9 participants having sufficient data for analysis (n=9). No adverse events related to the FWP were observed, and patients saw improved total fluid intake (p=0.0073), swallow-related quality of life (p=0.0273), and overall swallow function (p=0.0001). The results in this feasibility study allowed for the hospital wide implementation of the FWP and laid out the groundwork for future studies looking at longitudinal effects of a FWP.
Passive exoskeleton assisted treadmill walking reduces duration and synchrony of inter-limb coordination
Authors: Sado Takashi , Motz Zachary , Yentes Jennifer M. , Mukherjee Mukul
Published: February 2022

Exoskeleton assistive devices have been developed as a potential approach to solve gait deficits like paretic propulsion and reduced speed. However, it is unclear how these devices affect inter-limb coordination. The duration and the synchrony of gait coordination was assessed during passive exoskeleton-assisted walking in healthy young individuals. It was hypothesized that inter-limb coordination would be reduced in comparison to normal walking without assistance, thus demonstrating gait with exoskeletal to be more explorative and flexible. All participants performed 5 minutes walking at a preferred walking speed after a familiarization trial. The duration of inter-limb coordination was examined using cross-recurrence quantification analysis (cRQA) and the synchrony between the inter-limb coordination was measured using cross sample entropy (cSE). There were no significant differences in spatiotemporal measurements between the two groups. However, in comparison to the NO EXO group, there was a reduction in the duration of coordination (mean diagonal length: p < 0.01) and the synchrony of coordination (entropy value: P<0.05) in the EXO group. These results indicate that exoskeletal-assisted gait is characterized by reduced inter-limb coordination possibly for allowing gait patterns to be more explorative and flexible. This is important in rehabilitation of patients who suffer from coordination deficits.
Preparation and evaluation of a Coated Smectite Clay-based Material Modified with Epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine for the Diclofenac Removal
Authors: Shamsudin Muhamad Sharafee , Taib Muhammad Haziq Abdul , Azha Syahida Farhan , Bonilla-Petriciolet Adrian , Ismail Suzylawati
Published: February 2022

This study reports the analysis of diclofenac removal from aqueous solution using a novel adsorbent coating. This adsorbent coating was formulated using acrylic polymer emulsion, smectite-based clay powder and epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine in a layer form via the implementation of a facile synthesis method. SEM, EDX and FTIR analysis were carried out for the characterization of this novel adsorbent. The effect of adsorbent composition, diclofenac concentration, temperature and solution pH on the pharmaceutical removal with adsorbent coating was studied and modeled. Results showed that 303 K and pH 3 were the best conditions to improve the diclofenac adsorption obtained a adsorption capacity of 25.59 mg/g. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were quantified and modeled, and the corresponding adsorption mechanism was also analyzed. Diclofenac adsorption with this novel material was exothermic and spontaneous. This alternative adsorbent is promising for diclofenac removal from industrial wastewater systems.
Value-based decision-making between affective and non-affective memories
Authors: Pulcu Erdem , Guinea Calum , Clemens Hannah , Harmer Catherine , Murphy Susannah
Published: February 2022

Affective biases can influence how past events are recalled from memory. However, the mechanisms underlying how discrete affective events shape memory formation and subsequent recall are not well understood. Further understanding these processes is important given the central role of negative biases in affective memory recall in depression and antidepressant drug action. In order to capture cognitive processes associated with affective memory formation and recall, we studied value-based decision-making between affective memories in two within-subject experiments (n=45 and n=74). Our findings suggest that discrete affective events, created by large magnitude wins and losses on a Wheel of Fortune (WoF) outcomes, influence affective memory formation processes during reinforcement-learning (RL). 24 hours after learning, we show that healthy volunteers display stable preferences during value-based recall of affective versus non-affective memories in a binary decision-making task. Computational modelling of these preferences demonstrated a positive bias during value-based recall, induced by previously winning in the WoF. Across two complimentary analyses, we further showed that value-based decision-making between affective memories engages the pupil-linked central arousal systems, leading to pupil constriction prior to choice, and differential pupil dilation after the decision onset depending on the valence of the chosen options. Taken together, we demonstrate that mechanisms underlying human affective memory systems can be described by RL and probability weighting models. This approach could be used to understand the organisation of affective memories in humans, and as a translational assay to study the effects of novel antidepressants.
A novel positive feedback mechanism of ABI5 phosphorylation by MPK3 regulates ABA signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Bhagat Prakash Kumar , Verma Deepanjali , Verma Neetu , Sinha Alok Krishna
Published: February 2022

Seed germination is a crucial physiological process regulated by both environmental and endogenous phytohormones. ABA negatively regulates seed germination, post-germination growth and floral transition, however, the cross talks between multiple regulatory pathways involved in seed germination are still unclear. Here, we show that ABA activates two MAP kinases, AtMPK3/AtMPK6 and selectively regulates the transcript of AtMPK3 through ABI5, a master regulator of ABA signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. As a feedback loop, AtMPK3 interacts and phosphorylates ABI5 at the serine-314 position.ABI5 phosphorylation by MAP kinase positively regulates ABI5 nuclear localization and negatively regulates its dimerization. Further, subcellular localization of ABI5 phospho-null protein suggests the role of phosphorylation in regulation of its cytoplasmic stability and its nuclear dimerization. Overexpression of phospho-null ABI5 in abi5-8 mutant restored the ABA sensitivity during seed germination and delayed the floral transition as compared to phospho-mimeticABI5. Additionally, overexpression of constitutive phosphorylated form of ABI5 in abi5-8 mutant suggests that phosphorylation makes ABI5 partially inactive. Furthermore, phospho-null ABI5 plants showed drought sensitive phenotype whereas, mpk3, mkk4,mkk5, abi5-8 and phospho-mimetic ABI5 plants showed drought tolerant phenotype. Our findings present a new insight between MAP kinase cascade and ABA signaling which collectively regulates the ABA response through ABI5 phosphorylation.
An equivalent calculation method for 3D contact area between two rough surfaces based on 2D profiles
Authors: Jing Jianping , Meng Wen , Zezeng Dai , Qing Mei , Wei Yuan
Published: February 2022

The calculation of the real contact area between rough surfaces is an important prerequisite for studying the contact characteristics of mechanical joints. However, it is challenging to accurately calculate the real contact area between rough surfaces by existing theoretical and experimental methods. Therefore, an efficient and practical equivalent calculation method for the real contact area between three-dimensional(3D) rough surfaces based on two-dimensional(2D) profiles is presented in this paper. The main advantage of the presented method as compared with those available in the literature is that the real contact area can be predicted only by the section of the 3D rough surfaces in contact, which greatly reduces the computational cost. The sampling strategy of sections is studied to improve the accuracy of the proposed method. The accuracy of the proposed equivalent calculation method is verified by numerical simulation. The results show that the proposed equivalent calculation method can efficiently predict the real contact area between rough surfaces within the scope of engineering application.
An acceptable methodological evaluation method of real-time fluorescent RT-PCR targeting SARS-CoV-2
Authors: ren xiaodong , Tang Qi-Mei , Chen Min , Huang Qian , Huang Heng-Liu , Wang Liu , Su Ning , Sun Xian-Ge , Lu Wei-Ping , Deng Shao-Li , Huang Qing
Published: February 2022

Background: it is necessary to evaluate real-time fluorescent reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) methods to detect the nucleic acids of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: considering lack of positive specimens in some particular locations in China, the specimens from healthy individuals were used to perform the methodology evaluations, in which the indexes were the differences of quantification cycle values (ΔCq) between human-derived internal reference control (IRC) genes of a specimen and quality control gene (QC). A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate various factors that might affect the results, such as types of virus transport media, methods of specimen pretreatment and template preparation, specimen vortex strength, specimen storage temperature, and duration. Results: it was better to store specimens in normal saline (NS) transport medium, release more virus particles from swabs by vortex mixing, extract nucleic acids with centrifugation methods, and perform amplification assays timely. The above-mentioned options and optimum conditions were further confirmed using SARS-CoV-2 pseudoviruses and positive clinical specimens. Conclusions: this study provides a solution for the accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2. Specifically, this study also indicates that the routine specimens from healthy individuals could be used to methodological evaluation of real-time fluorescent RT-PCR targeting SARS-CoV-2, of which the indexes were the ΔCq values.
The AnteOwl WR Intravascular Ultrasound-Guided Parallel Wiring Technique for Chronic Total Occlusion of Below-The-Knee Arteries
Authors: Hayakawa Naoki , Kodera Satoshi , Arakawa Masataka , Hirano Satoshi , Inoguchi Yasunori , Kanda Junji
Published: February 2022

Background: Although endovascular therapy is used to treat chronic limb-threatening ischemia, long chronic total occlusion (CTO) is still challenging to treat. Especially in patients with poor run-off below-the-knee (BTK) arteries, it is difficult to perform a retrograde approach, and even guidewire passage may be difficult.Case presentation: We treated two cases of chronic limb-threatening ischemia using our novel extreme antegrade guidewire crossing technique by AnteOwl WR intravascular ultrasound (IVUS)-guided parallel wiring to a BTK artery (EXCAVATOR technique). Case 1 was a 70-year-old man with ulceration of the right toe. The AnteOwl WR IVUS was intentionally advanced into the subintimal space of the posterior tibial artery, and the totally intraplaque route was advanced by IVUS-guided parallel wiring that was successfully passed from the lateral plantar aspect to the true lumen of the digital artery. Case 2 was a 76-year-old woman with rest pain and cyanosis of the right lower limb. Angiography showed total occlusion from the superficial femoral artery to BTK arteries. AnteOwl WR IVUS-guided parallel wiring was repeatedly performed until the distal true lumen of the peroneal artery was reached, and revascularization was successfully achieved via the antegrade approach alone.Conclusions: With its excellent crossable performance, good image quality, and high navigational ability within the CTO, the AnteOwl WR can be used to pass parallel wiring into the distal true lumen for BTK CTO.