bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Art of Writing Prescription
Authors: Agarwal Anil K
Published: June 2024

Introduction: The prescription is our single most important communication. It reflects our personality, ability to communicate, sensitivity, and knowledge. Unfortunately, most psychiatric training programs do not pay much emphasis on it. There are a few studies on the appropriate use of drugs, proper use of guidelines as well on prescription errors.
Aims and objects: This paper discusses the strengths and deficiencies of individual prescriptions by trained psychiatrists on the following parameters. Is the drug use rational? Is the prescription economical? Has the prescription been individualized? Should fixed drug combinations used? Does the prescription reflect the psychosocial needs of the patient?
Material and methods: This subjective study is based on the author’s experience of practicing psychiatry for over 50 years. Many patients in psychiatry shift from one clinician to another as the illnesses are usually chronic and relapsing.
Observations: Treat the individual with the disease-the focus of treatment is often on the disease and not the patient. We plan to treat schizophrenia or depression and lose sight of each patient’s specific need. Each patient suffering from an illness receives a similar prescription. The prescription must be individualized. Does the patient need an injectable medicine or an orally administrable medicine? The quality of life-treatment goals should be clear. Often, the goal is to treat the illness and reduce the chances of recurrence. We often do not consider the effect of the medicines on the patient’s quality of life. Sometimes we may have to reduce medicines or use medicines that help patients’ quality of life despite having symptoms. A hallucinating patient who is working is a better choice than a non-hallucinating, dull person living at home and doing nothing.
Conclusion: This paper has highlighted some of the issues related to prescription writing in India. Unfortunately, there has not been any study that analyses prescription errors in this country. There seems to be an urgent need to start prescription audits in some form to improve practice in our country.
Development Proposals for Implementing the 17 SDGs in Higher Education Institutions: Early Stages
Authors:   Department of Environment, Ionian University, 29100 Zakynthos, Greece, Martinis Aristotelis , Kaloutsa Maria ,   Department of Environment, Ionian University, 29100 Zakynthos, Greece, Kabassi Katerina ,   Department of Environment, Ionian University, 29100 Zakynthos, Greece
Published: June 2024

Universities, as key players in global development, have a vital role in implementing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within their environments. However, measuring progress toward the SDGs poses methodological challenges due to the complex framework comprising 17 goals, 169 targets, and 247 indicators. Within the diverse landscape of university ranking systems, in 2019 emerged the Times Higher Education Impact Rankings (THE IR) being so far the only ranking dedicated to evaluating the performance of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in relation to the SDGs. Despite its validation and participation, there are emerging issues, such as the need to consider local contexts and available resources. This study, originating from the Greek context, aims to serve as the initial stage in formulating a more practical and efficient assessment tool utilizing Multi-criteria Decision Making (MCDM/A), specifically by developing a streamlined set of indicators. Its primary objective is to introduce internationally applicable and unbiased indicators that can provide more accurate evaluations of universities’ progress, toward achieving the SDGs. To achieve this, various criteria were applied to an existing set of indicators, to determine their effectiveness in measuring SDG implementation. The findings of this analysis reveal the emergence of 34 indicators that meet the specified criteria.
Enhancing Global Environmental Cooperation Through Information Exchange: A Comparative Analysis of International Treaties
Authors: Zhen Ruisi
Published: June 2024

This article explores how information exchange is key to global cooperation to protect our environment. The article focuses on organizations that have an impact on the international environment, such as the United Nations Declaration on the Human Environment, the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and the Antarctic Treaty. These platforms ensure that all members will be able to keep pace and lead an agreement on the global environment. Surprisingly, this information exchange is win-win. For scientists, it is necessary to obtain the data necessary for solving environmental problems. It is very important for each country to fulfill international environmental obligations. In this paper, this paper investigate how these mechanisms are developed, especially in order to form more specific consensus forms. Clearly, by comparing different treaties that regulate how to exchange and provide information, their specific goals may be different, but their main goals are consistent: enhancing our information exchange and cooperation by enhancing environmental protection
Australian Anti-encryption Legislation and Its Impacts on Security and Privacy
Authors: Zhao Yue
Published: June 2024

Telecommunications and Other Legislation Amendment (Assistance and Access) Act 2018 gives relevant authorities (e.g. law enforcement, national security agencies and intelligence agencies) significant new powers regarding access to encrypted communications data, and hence extensive public attention have been attracted and opinions expressed concerning general security and privacy of users. This essay will first briefly introduce the key contents of the Assistance and Access Act 2018, then discuss how it will affect security and privacy of users respectively by considering both supporting and opposing arguments, and then further the discussion into a global environment by examining the history of a variety of efforts on similar powers. It concludes that though the Assistance and Access Act 2018 has sophisticated oversight mechanism and takes into consideration the most concerned systemic weaknesses security issue, its definition and guidance are vague and is likely not practical to achieve what the Act is designed for in practice. The potential overreach of the Act not only will impose great threats to system security as a whole, but also will breach the principle of privacy.
Standards for Determining Materiality in Securities Misrepresentations and Suggestions for Improving Price Sensitivity Standards
Authors: Wang Hongxiang
Published: June 2024

With the development of the securities market, cases of false statements are increasing day by day. Since the criteria for determining "materiality" have not yet been unified, there are disputes in academia and judicial practice. These controversies primarily revolve around three theoretical approaches: monism, which focuses solely on price sensitivity; dualism, which considers both price sensitivity and investment sensitivity; and ternary theory, which introduces additional criteria. This paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of international standards for determining "materiality" and suggests that China should not only emphasize price-sensitive criteria but also incorporate investment-sensitive assessments to adequately reflect the complexities of modern financial markets. The paper also critiques the reliance on the price sensitivity standard as overly simplistic and potentially insufficient for capturing the full impact of false statements on market behavior. To address these shortcomings, the paper advocates for the involvement of professional institutions to independently verify the impact of false statements on stock prices, thereby ensuring more objective and reliable assessments. Furthermore, it is recommended that the burden of proof be shifted more heavily onto defendants in securities litigation, requiring them to substantiate their claims more rigorously.
Critical Analysis of Liability of Internet Service Providers for Indirect Patent Infringement
Authors: Yang Chunyu
Published: June 2024

With the rapid evolution of e-commerce, existing Chinese laws have struggled to keep pace with complex issues arising from digital transactions involving intellectual property, especially when addressing indirect patent infringement on e-commerce platforms. By conducting a comparative analysis with international laws from Germany, Japan, and the United States, the paper identifies robust legal frameworks that explicitly address indirect infringements in the digital marketplace. The paper proposes several legislative improvements for China, including the clarification of what constitutes indirect infringement, the outlining of explicit duties for e-commerce platforms, and the creation of specialized mechanisms for dispute resolution. On the judicial front, recommendations include enhancing the specialization of courts and judges in intellectual property, developing detailed procedural guidelines, and promoting alternative dispute resolution methods to mitigate the burdens of litigation. By adopting and adapting these recommandations, China can enhance its protection of intellectual property rights and support the dynamic environment of innovation that e-commerce fosters. Strengthening the legal framework in this way is crucial for ensuring fair competition and encouraging technological advancements within China's digital economy.
Insurance company underwriting model against extreme weather
Authors: Xu Jiheng
Published: June 2024

This paper provides a corresponding coping strategy for developing the insurance industry under extreme weather by establishing an insurance company underwriting model. An insurance model (ICU model) for assessing catastrophe risk is proposed based on the results of some international databases and disaster resilience studies. The ICP coefficient is obtained by multiplying the regional vulnerability index with the regional risk index, where our innovatively proposed ARIMA-LSTM coupling algorithm predicts the risk index. The inverse proportionality function of the ICU coefficient is constructed based on the fact that the risk of insurance companies is positively correlated with the regional risk (ICP coefficient) and negatively correlated with the regional purchasing power (CBP coefficient). The CBP coefficients were computed by K-means clustering, and the derived ICP coefficients were used to derive the ICU coefficients for each region. Finally, the coefficients were categorized into three intervals to give the insurance companys coverage model.
Exploring the depths of Multi-Armed Bandit algorithms: From theoretical foundations to modern applications
Authors: Nie Haoyu
Published: June 2024

This paper provides an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of Multi-Armed Bandit (MAB) algorithms, which are crucial in decision-making under uncertainty. It begins with a detailed explanation of the fundamental scenarios where MAB algorithms are applicable, focusing on their features and key strategies. The paper then introduces and explains the core algorithms: Explore-Then-Commit (ETC), Upper Confidence Bound (UCB), and Thompson Sampling (TS). Utilizing various plots, the paper not only analyzes these classical algorithms but also compares them with several of their advanced versions. Additionally, the paper highlights two practical applications of MAB algorithms - in recommendation systems and in wireless digital twin networks - to illustrate their real-world relevance and potential. However, the paper also acknowledges the challenges posed by the complexity of different bandit settings, which affect the efficiency and scalability of MAB algorithms, indicating the need for ongoing research in this field. This review aims to delve deep into the realm of MAB algorithms, offering a thorough understanding of their theoretical underpinnings as well as practical implications.
Optimizing video click-through rates with bandit algorithms
Authors: Liu Ruhao
Published: June 2024

In recent years, videos have increasingly influenced public perception, making video platforms a focal point of digital consumption. One critical challenge for platform operators is identifying videos that resonate most with users, as user ratings directly reflect viewer preferences and experiences. This study explores the use of bandit algorithms to predict and strategize the overall ratings of various anime videos on the Bilibili platform. Bandit algorithms, a subset of the multi-armed bandit model, dynamically adjust selection strategies based on prior feedback to maximize cumulative rewards. Our empirical research assessed multiple gambling algorithms, including the -greedy, Upper Confidence Bound (UCB), Explore-then-Commit (ETC), and Thompson Sampling (TS) algorithms. The findings indicate that the Thompson Sampling algorithm, in particular, achieved the lowest cumulative regret in selecting optimal videos on the Bilibili platform, showcasing its superior performance. This study highlights the potential of bandit algorithms to enhance video selection processes, ensuring that platforms can effectively cater to user preferences and enhance viewer satisfaction.
Optimizing decision-making in uncertain environments through analysis of stochastic stationary Multi-Armed Bandit algorithms
Authors: Song Ruibo
Published: June 2024

Reinforcement learning traditionally plays a pivotal role in artificial intelligence and various practical applications, focusing on the interaction between an agent and its environment. Within this broad field, the multi-armed bandit (MAB) problem represents a specific subset, characterized by a sequential interaction between a learner and an environment where the agents actions do not alter the environment or reward distributions. MABs are prevalent in recommendation systems and advertising and are increasingly applied in sectors like agriculture and adaptive clinical trials. The stochastic stationary bandit problem, a fundamental category of MAB, is the primary focus of this article. Here, we delve into the implementation and analytical comparison of several key bandit algorithmsincluding Explore-then-Commit (ETC), Upper Confidence Bound (UCB), Thompson Sampling (TS), Epsilon-Greedy (-Greedy), SoftMax, and Conservative Lower Confidence Bound (CON-LCB)across various datasets. These datasets vary in the number of options (arms), reward distributions, and specific parameters, offering a broad testing ground. Additionally, this work provides an overview of the diverse applications of bandit problems across different fields, highlighting their versatility and broad impact.
Analysis of dreamcore music composing based on Nyquist
Authors: Yang Ke
Published: June 2024

As a matter of fact, computer music composition serves as a potent tool for musicians in the process of sound synthesis. More of their ideas and imaginations can be realized, more innovative exploration could be fostered in the field of music. Dreamcore is an art style that presents a kind of surreal nostalgia, and dreamcore music is a relatively new musical style related to the feeling of dreamcore. Being attracted by this musical style, the author aimed to compose a piece of dreamcore music by Nyquist, which is an interactive language for music composition. After summarizing and imitating the music styles and characteristics of the selected sample music, this study used the score, code it in Nyquist, and use musical effects to create a piece of music that is dreamy. The research obtained a music demo after the composition. The piece of music did embody the dreamcore aesthetic, and the basic requirements that the author made were met, but further exploration and enhancement could still be done to the music.
Implementasi Pendekatan TaRL pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Pancasila Kelas 2
Authors: Jariyatussholihah Jariyatussholihah , Roshayanti Fenny , Rusmiati Rusmiati
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui implementasi pembelajaran dengan pendekatan TaRL di SDN Pandeanlamper 01 Semarang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mixed method. Penelitian ini menggabungakan dua metode yakni metode kualitatif dan juga metode kuantitatif guna memperkuat hasil dari penelitian ini. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah implementasi pendekatan TaRL pada mata pelajaran pendidikan pancasila kelas 2 SDN Pandeanlamper 01 Semarang. Pada tahap ini guru kelas membagi peserta didik menjadi 2 kelompok berdasarkan kemampuan, yakni kelompok pertama di isi oleh peserta didik yang  belum bisa mandiri bahkan belum lancar membaca dalam proses belajarnya didalam kelas. Kemudian untuk Kelompok kedua di isi oleh peserta didik yang sudah bisa mandiri ketika belajar di kelas sedang berlangsung, dengan harapan peserta didik dapat mengikuti proses pembeajaran dengan hasil maksimal sesuai dengan kemampuannya. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan TaRL ini guru dapat mengakomodir semua peserta didik dengan beragam karakter di satu kelas yang sama. Namun dalam penerapan pendekatan TaRL ini menjadi sesuatu yang sangat menantang bagi guru, karena guru harus menyiapkan rancangan pembelajaran yang matang untuk mengakomodir berbagai karakter yang dimiliki peserta didik di dalam kelas.
Analisis Kompetensi Pedagogik Mahasiswa PPL PPG Prajabatan dalam Pembelajaran di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Widiyani Tri Purna , Wijayanti Ida , Siswanto Joko
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan integrasi mata kuliah dalam Program Pendidikan Profesi Guru (PPG) dalam membekali kompetensi pedagogik mahasiswa PPL PPG Prajabatan serta menganalisis kompetensi pedagogik mahasiswa selama Praktik Pengalaman Lapangan (PPL). Pendekatan kualitatif digunakan dengan subjek terdiri dari 2 mahasiswa putri dan 2 mahasiswa putra PPL PPG Prajabatan Gelombang 1 Tahun 2023. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi observasi dan analisis dokumen, dengan validasi melalui triangulasi sumber dan teknik, serta analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mahasiswa PPG Prajabatan memiliki kompetensi pedagogik yang baik, termasuk pemahaman peserta didik, kemampuan merancang pembelajaran efektif, ketepatan alat evaluasi, dan pengembangan potensi peserta didik. Integrasi mata kuliah dalam program PPG terbukti efektif membekali mahasiswa dengan keterampilan pedagogik yang diperlukan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa integrasi mata kuliah dalam PPG berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kompetensi pedagogik mahasiswa, ditunjukkan melalui keberhasilan mereka dalam pelaksanaan PPL, dengan rekomendasi penelitian selanjutnya mencakup penambahan subjek dan metode pengumpulan data tambahan.
Analisis Kebutuhan Peserta Didik terhadap Media Flashcard Edukatif Berbasis Budaya Lokal
Authors: Hasan Hasan , Rusdin Rusdin , Idhar Idhar , Jamaah Jamaah , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan siswa terhadap media pembelajaran berbasis budaya lokal Bima pada mata pelajaran membaca. Analisis kebutuhan ini difokuskan pada peserta didik di SDN 13 Woja. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah kualitatif deskriptif, dengan responden peserta didik sebagai sampelnya. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara, kemudian diolah dan dideskripsikan. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan mengikuti model Miles dan Huberman, yaitu pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis flashcard edukatif berbasis budaya lokal sangat dibutuhkan dan menarik minat peserta didik. Hal ini terlihat dari persentase pernyataan siswa mengenai media pembelajaran flashcard edukatif berbasis budaya lokal Bima pada mata pelajaran membaca. Hasil analisis kebutuhan ini akan digunakan sebagai bahan atau alat untuk pembelajaran membaca pemula di kelas I SDN 13 Woja.
Analisis Kesulitan Siswa dalam Menentukan Ide Pokok Paragraf (Studi pada Siswa Kelas IV Sekolah Dasar)
Authors: Rahmawati Mita , Roshayanti Fenny
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh siswa kelas IV dalam menentukan ide pokok paragraf. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis deskriptif. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 18 siswa kelas IV di SD Negeri Gajahmungkur 04 Kota Semarang. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, angket, dan dokumentasi, yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model analisis interaktif Miles & Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 11 dari 18 siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam menentukan ide pokok paragraf. Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan ini dikategorikan ke dalam faktor internal dan eksternal. Faktor internal meliputi kurangnya fokus siswa selama pembelajaran serta rendahnya minat dan motivasi belajar akibat penyajian materi yang kurang menarik. Faktor eksternal meliputi metode pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia yang kurang menarik serta kurangnya dukungan orang tua terhadap proses belajar anak. Penelitian ini memberikan gambaran mengenai tantangan yang dihadapi siswa dalam memahami materi ide pokok paragraf serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya, dan menyarankan pengembangan strategi pembelajaran yang lebih efektif.
Pengaruh Disiplin Kerja, Kesehatan Kerja, dan Keselamatan Kerja Terhadap Produktivitas Karyawan PT. Machine Control & Automation
Authors: Ramadhan Fahmi , Hamdan
Published: June 2024

The increasingly modern business world like today is very much about its development, foreign and domestic competition makes companies want to continue to increase productivity. This study aims to determine the influence of work discipline, occupational health, and occupational safety on employee work productivity at PT. Machine Control & Automation. This research is a replication study using a quantitative approach method. Sampling was taken using purposive sampling with a total sample of 84 employees. Data was obtained from the results of distributing questionnaires to respondents. This research analysis uses multiple linear regression analysis with the results of the analysis showing that work discipline, work health and work safety have an influence on employee productivity as proven by the t-test which shows tcount > ttable. The results of the F-test analysis show that work discipline, work health and work safety have a simultaneous effect on work productivity. This can be proven from the results of the f test by paying attention to the value of Fcount > Ftable. And the significance value is <0.05. The limitations of this research are employee productivity which is influenced by work discipline, work health and work safety. Suggestions for further research are expected to retest based on dimensions and indicators other than those examined in this research
Construcción Social de los Desastres "Naturales" en el contexto de la Sociedad del Riesgo
Authors: Unger Vergara Georg
Published: June 2024

En las últimas décadas se ha instalado con fuerza la noción de construcción social para dar cuenta de ciertos aspectos de la sociología del conocimiento. En este trabajo se ha optado por desarrollar una aproximación a la cuestión de la construcción social de los desastres naturales, tema que cobra cada vez más relevancia en tanto se articula por ejemplo con la conciencia global de las dimensiones perversas de la modernización reflexiva y de la irresponsabilidad organizada. Esta teoría retoma su actualidad a la luz de los efectos del calentamiento global y la pandemia del Coronavirus, que demuestran la distribución desigual de los riesgos y su conexión con el capitalismo avanzado.
Tracing the Connection of Iron and Copper in Chronic Telogen Effluvium
Authors: Zufishan Shayan , Rafique Sara , Nasir Faiza , Amir Erum , Nazar Shazia , Bandhani Asma
Published: June 2024

Chronic Telogen Effluvium (CTE) is a common non- scarring, diffuse type of hair loss, affecting a significant proportion of population. The purpose of the current study is to assess the relationship between CTE and trace metal levels, specifically copper and iron. Objective: To collect hair and serum samples from both control group and patients with CTE and to analyze the association between hair copper and iron content and serum copper and iron levels in both groups. Methods: The Dow University Hospital (DUHS) in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan, served as the site of this case control research. The duration of study was one year. The study population encompassed hundred individuals, categorized into 50 cases with CTE and 50 healthy controls. Using non probability sampling technique (convenient sampling), the sample size was determined. Diagnostic criteria a positive hair pull test. Hair and serum samples were collected from both groups for trace metal analysis. Analysis was carried out using ab Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Analyst 800, located in Waltham, MA, USA). Data analysis was carried out using SPSS® software for Windows® version 16.0. Results: Results showed that hair samples from patients had considerably lower iron levels than those from controls (p<0.001), while there was no significant difference in copper levels (p=0.713). Additionally, the CTE group showed noticeably greater copper levels (p<0.001) and significantly lower serum iron levels (p<0.001). Conclusions: The study identified a positive association between iron deficiency and hair loss.
Exploring Emerging Intelligent Technologies and the Future of Knowledge Work
Authors:   , Kim Bomi
Published: June 2024

How do emerging intelligent technologies and the organizing of knowledge work constitute one another? This PhD dissertation answers the research question in three chapters. The first chapter examines artificial intelligence (AI) discussions within the radiology community, revealing fragmented understanding due to lack of specific contexts. The second chapter investigates the development of a deep learning system, focusing on how clinicians and engineers collaborate around this complex technology and how their collaboration changes over time. The third chapter analyzes the use of advanced image analysis software and demonstraties that the value, functionality, and social meaning of technology emerge in the interaction with users. The dissertation contributes to understanding how AI and knowledge work influence each other, create new professional roles, blur traditional boundaries, and erect new boundaries in organizations. It highlights the need for coordinated organizational efforts to realize AI's potential and emphasizes the significant influence of knowledge workers on AI's development and impact.
ANÁLISE DOS INTERMETÁLICOS COMPLEXOS ORIUNDOS DA SOLIDIFICAÇÃO DA LIGA AL-33%CU-1%NI-1,2%TA
Authors: Jesus Wellington Bruno Silva de , Silva Vinicius Lima da , Lima Eduardo de Sousa , Nascimento Luiz Gabriel da Silva , Silva Maria Adrina Paixão de Souza da
Published: June 2024

Quando metais com diferentes tendências de doação ou recepção de elétrons se combinam quimicamente, eles formam compostos intermetálicos com uma proporção fixa e uma estrutura cristalina definida. Esses sistemas representam um caso especial de ligação, onde os elementos metálicos se organizam em um padrão regular no estado sólido, geralmente resultando em materiais de dureza e fragilidade significativas (Wegener et al., 2019; Furukawa, S., & Komatsu, T., 2017). Os intermetálicos complexos constituem uma classe especial de ligas, compostas por quasicristais e outros sistemas ordenados, que possuem células unitárias grandes e podem exibir propriedades mecânicas excepcionais, como alta resistência, dureza e tenacidade, mesmo em temperaturas elevadas. Essas propriedades são atribuídas à sua estrutura cristalina intrincada, que muitas vezes exibe arranjos ordenados de átomos em escala atômica (Heggen, 2010). Considerando que a formação e distribuição dos intermetálicos varia de acordo com o processo de solidificação, o presente estudo realizou a caracterização macro e microestrutural de uma liga Al-33%Cu-1%Ni-1.2%Ta após sua solidificação em um dispositivo unidirecional ascendente com fluxo de calor transiente. As micrografias obtidas através de microscopia óptica (MO) e microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) revelaram estruturas dendríticas sem direção preferencial de crescimento, além do desenvolvimento de intermetálicos complexos (Al3Ta, Al2Cu, Ni3Ta e Ta (Cu, Al) formados ao longo do processo, favorecidos pela presença de níquel (Ni) e tântalo (Ta). Resultados semelhantes, referentes às fases intermetálicas, foram previamente relatados em estudos anteriores, como o de Braga et al. (2021), o que fortalece a validade dos resultados deste trabalho. Compreender o processo de formação desses intermetálicos, bem como suas contribuições no desempenho mecânico da liga, pode contribuir na seleção de um material com as propriedades desejadas para aplicações específicas.
Рекреаційне лісокористування: фактор сталого розвитку туризму
Authors: Ярмолюк Д. І.
Published: June 2024

У статті описано візуальний спосіб вивчення лісів, наведено економічну ефективність рекреаційного лісокористування з урахуванням зростаючих антропогенних навантажень. Охарактеризовано основні переваги візуально-інструментальних спостережень за станом лісокористування рекреаційного значення з урахуванням екологічної та природно-антропогенної безпеки в туризмі та привабливості туристично-рекреаційного потенціалу регіонів України. Зазначено що рекреаційне лісокористування виступає потенційно привабливою складовою виробничо-господарської діяльності лісових господарств та спеціалізованих рекреаційних підприємств, що дає можливість забезпечити прийнятний рівень капіталізації корисних властивостей лісів навіть за умови розбалансованої породно-вікової структури лісового фонду. Також зазначено цілі рекреаційного природокористування, виходячи із освоєння лісо-ресурсного потенціалу та його природних передумов. Встановлено, що рекреаційне лісокористування являє собою комплекс заходів, спрямованих на залучення лісових земель, лісових насаджень та корисних властивостей лісів у відтворювальний процес рекреаційної діяльності через розбудову мережі об'єктів рекреаційної інфраструктури. встановлено, що для забезпечення процесів розширення масштабів рекреаційного лісокористування необхідною є розробка інституціональних  засад запровадження системи рекреаційного лісівництва як невід'ємної складової ведення лісового господарства, організації догляду і контролю стану експлуатації лісових ресурсів рекреаційного призначення, забезпечення освоєння послуг лісів природно-заповідних територій в рекреаційних цілях, залучення у відтворювальний процес рекреаційного потенціалу самозаліснених і малопродуктивних сільськогосподарських угідь та неугідь. Відмічено тенденцію останніх років, коли покращилось життя людей та збільшилась кількість вільного часу, стрімко зросло значення лісу для відпочинку, оскільки урбанізація викликала гостру необхідність звернутися до природи, а різке збільшення транспортних засобів зробили ліс широко доступним. Аналізуючи сучасний стан рекреаційного лісокористування, зазначимо, що цей вид лісокористування вже зараз посідає друге місце за економічним значенням після деревних ресурсів в лісовому господарстві, а при впроваджені низки ефективних заходів стане основним. Зазначено, що повноцінне здійснення рекреаційного лісокористування на лісових землях вимагає розроблення інституціональних засад використання цих земель, насаджень та корисних властивостей лісів для потреб туристичного господарства та інших видів оздоровчо-рекреаційної діяльності.
Beyond the Rhetoric: Moving from Exclusion, Reaching for Inclusion in Canadian Schools
Authors: Sefa Dei George J. , James Irma Marcia
Published: June 2024

This article is informed by the findings of a three-year research study in Ontario schools in order to understand the factors and forces that make for students' engagement and disengagement in schools. Although research has sought to understand the processes that contribute to some students feeling a sense of marginality and disconnectedness in their schools, we have also paid attention to exemplary practices of inclusive schooling in educational settings. Specifically, in this article we examine educational practices that engender exclusion or inclusion, particularly of racially marginalized students in Euro-American or Canadian contexts. We develop an analysis that uncovers the connection between "inclusionary and exclusionary" practices of schooling. "Inclusivity" moves beyond mere classroom presence of minorities or superficial attempts at multiculturalism: students may feel disempowered and therefore excluded as far as actual classroom practices are concerned (e.g., teaching, sharing knowledge). Moving from exclusion means identifying students' own narrative accounts of marginality and subordination that result in feeling left out. Reading for inclusion means interrogating strategies initiated by schools, students, educators, parents, and local communities to counteract the marginalization of disadvantaged and racial minority youths. Our aim in this article is to use available research information to encourage the wider application of effective inclusive practices to improve learning outcomes for all youth.
Teachers as Rural Educators
Authors: Kristiansen Andrew
Published: June 2024

In the article, education is seen as a hierarchical cultural encounter between urban and rural values and ways of life. Good teachers do not only deliver curriculum, they also consider the needs and values of their students, as well as those of the local community. The article discusses how teachers’ competence, knowledge and attitudes can affect their teaching, and how attitudes may influence teachers’ approaches towards educational matters in rural settings. It examines some of the challenges teachers are up against if they are to integrate local culture, values and norms in national educational programs, in order to enhance a shared understanding of goals and intentions. I argue that rural schools need to develop pedagogical approaches to teaching and learning that consider rural settings.
A study on financial performance of cooperative societies in Nepal
Authors: Paudel Gyanendra Prasad
Published: June 2024

This article delves into the financial performance of cooperative societies in Nepal, honing in on liquidity, leverage, and risk management. Employing a robust methodology encompassing descriptive, financial ratio, correlation, and regression analyses, the study is centered on cooperatives in Kathmandu. The sample, carefully selected to represent approximately 10% of total cooperatives, is derived from a combination of primary and secondary data sources. The analysis extends to various dimensions including organizational structure, loan investment procedures, and credit risk management practices within these cooperative societies. Through regression models, the study uncovers significant relationships between financial performance indicators such as return on assets, net profit margin, net interest margin, and return on equity, and a multitude of factors. One of the key findings underscores the critical importance of effectively managing leverage and liquidity to bolster cooperative profitability. This not only highlights the financial health of these cooperatives but also sheds light on their operational efficiency and risk resilience. By integrating both primary and secondary data sources, the study offers a comprehensive exploration of critical aspects related to cooperative financial performance. It provides valuable insights into effective strategies for optimizing leverage and liquidity within these cooperative societies, which can serve as a roadmap for enhancing their sustainability and resilience in the face of economic challenges.
Use of activity-based learning to improve students’ drive for knowledge & enhance their academic performance in the subject of forensic medicine: a cross-sectional survey from a private medical college of Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Yar Muhammad Asfand , Asma Yahya  , Akbar Saeed , Ayesha Ramzan  , Umna Khalid
Published: June 2024

Objective: To assess the effect of activity-based learning on students’ drive to acquire knowledge of the subject and enhance their academic performance.Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among the students of a private medical college in Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 101 students of 3rd year MBBS of Aziz Fatimah Medical and Dental College were selected using non-probability sampling after informed consent. Data was collected after approval from Institutional Ethical Review Committee of AFMDC using a pretested self-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done by the Statistical package for social sciences version 25.Results: Majority of the participants (56.4%) chose the Activity Based Learning (ABL) in small groups as their favorite learning methodology, followed by 18.8% (19 out of 101) who opted for ABL as a whole class. Approximately 59% students found ABL very interesting and useful while 41.5% of the participants considered ABL as a source of good understanding of the basic items/topics in forensic medicine. Similarly, majority of the participants were found completely motivated and satisfied with ABL and gained a lot, while 17.5% of the participants liked the traditional lecture-based system. Participants when asked about their opinion regarding implementing ABL in forensic medicine lecture, 80.5% supported ABL and responded that it should be continued. Conclusions: Our study showed that Activity Based Learning proved very helpful for the students in improving their academic knowledge.
Breast Cancer; Clinical Spectrum and Genetic Abnormalities in Women of Reproductive Age-Retrospective Study.
Authors: Haider Syed Muhammad Ali , Najeeba Harim  , Noor ul ain  , Warda Altaf  , Tayyba Mumtaz  , Saad Farukh  , Syeda Aiman Hussain  , Hassan Mumtaz
Published: June 2024

Objective: To examine the clinical spectrum of breast cancer, its symptoms, presentation, histologic types and different types of its genetic aberrations in the women of reproductive age.Methodology: This Retrospective study was conducted at the Heavy Industries Taxila (HIT) Hospital, Taxila Cantt, from March 2022 to December 2022. The Temporal sampling technique was used to collect the data. We looked at the data of patients with breast cancer that were treated at the HIT hospital Taxila. The retrospective data was collected from the files of the patients who visited HIT Hospital, dated back from January 2011 to December 2020. The study included women of reproductive age with breast cancer symptoms, regardless of whether they had a family history of the disease. The women with metastatic breast lesions and breast trauma were excluded from the study. Age, hormone receptor status, axillary lymph node status, histologic grade and subtype, tumor size margin status, menopausal status, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)/neu status, and the entire genetic spectrum were all included in the charts. The clinical spectrum, staging, and genetic spectrum are all described in tables. Results: The disease's genetic makeup was found to be quite diverse, with abnormalities in genes; ATM, BARD1, CDH1, and BRCA2 making up 2 (3%) each, 3 (4%) breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) and BRCA2 abnormalities making up 48 (67%) of the cases. Twelve (16%) of the patients had TP53 mutations, while two (2%) of the patients had NF1 and RECQL gene alterations.Conclusions: This study identifies multiple genes that contribute to the development of breast cancer, including BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, BARD1 and Cadherin 1 (CDH1) genes.
A Difficult Case to Diagnose: Machado-Joseph Disease/Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type III
Authors: Ghoauri Muhammad Sohail Ajmal , Butt Nauman Ismat , Dur-e-Sabeeh  , Rasheed Muhammad Bilal , Javed Muhammad Umair , Ashfaq Fahmina
Published: June 2024

Machado-Joseph Disease, also known as Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type III, was initially described in patients of Azorean heritage as a neurodegenerative disease but is now known to occur globally. The main clinical involvement is cerebellar and brainstem dysfunction causing progressive ataxia and usually disease onset is in young-adult to mid-adult years. A 20-year old female presented with a 3-year history of gradual onset, progressively worsening gait abnormality and tremor of the right hand. On examination, she had gargoyle-like facial features and pes cavus. On neurologic examination, she had dystonic tremor of right hand, cerebellar ataxia, dysdiadokokinesia, abnormal heel-shin coordination, hyperreflexia with downgoing plantar reflex bilaterally. Her MRI scan brain revealed communicating hydrocephalus with cerebellar atrophy. She was diagnosed with Machado-Joseph Disease/Spinocerebellar Ataxia type III.
Exploring Conflict Dynamics Model in Second Language Collaborative Writing Classrooms
Authors: Zeng Qianhong , Wei Yukai
Published: June 2024

Global pioneers had done quite a lot of theoretical and pedagogical research on peer conflicts, among which they considered Second Language (L2) peer assessment, teachers’ assessment, and the classification and identification of conflicts. While few scholars stand in L2 collaborative writing classrooms in early attempts to witness the conflict dynamics that learners confront in producing peer feedback. Therefore, this study gathers data from a Chinese university and seeks to expose the dynamic development of the conflict in peer interaction and characterize the intragroup conflict phase model. It is of great reference value for teachers to enact much of the teaching design in China since the data was initially extracted from Chinese classrooms. Implications for teaching are addressed, along with recommendations for future research.
Sugarcane Burning: Why?
Authors: Rodmanee Sudarin , Loypradit Aeumporn , Parnporm Chiraphorn
Published: June 2024

The sugarcane harvesting practices of farmers pose a recurring problem of burning the sugarcane fields every year, leading to the release of PM 2.5, which is hazardous to health and a matter of concern for all parties involved. The objective of this research is to investigate the causes of sugarcane burning by farmers. Data is collected through participatory observation methods and group discussions with a sample group of farmers in the provinces with the highest incidents of sugarcane field fires, namely Nakhon Ratchasima, Kalasin, and Khon Kaen in the northeastern region of Thailand during the 2021/2022 production season. Content analysis techniques are employed to identify the reasons behind the behavior of burning sugarcane. The findings reveal that sugarcane burning has been a long-standing practice among farmers, and the prevalence of burning has increased due to a shortage of labor for sugarcane cutting. The available machinery for sugarcane cutting is insufficient and unsuitable for the farmers' fields. Farmers who burn sugarcane fields are aware of the health impacts and have benefited from the government's measures to address the issue of sugarcane field fires. However, it is observed that the quantity of burnt sugarcane still exceeds the government's target, because burning sugarcane is a cost-effective, convenient, and rapid method. It is found that penalizing farmers at a rate of 30 Baht per ton of burnt sugarcane and providing assistance at a rate of 120 Baht per ton of fresh-cut sugarcane does not sufficiently motivate farmers to change their sugarcane burning behavior.
Het vrij verkeer van patiënten en artikel 13 Zorgverzekeringswet
Authors: van de Gronden J.W.
Published: June 2024

Het vrij verkeer van patiënten en artikel 13 Zorgverzekeringswet: het VGZ-arrest van de Hoge Raad beschouwd in het licht van de EU-rechtspraak

Mag een Nederlandse verzekeraar een behandeling in het buitenland slechts gedeeltelijk vergoeden of is dit in strijd met het Europees recht? De Hoge Raad heeft met het VGZ-arrest een principieel antwoord op deze vraag gegeven. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op de vraag hoe de argumentatie van de Hoge Raad, waarin artikel 13 Zorgverzekeringswet een belangrijke rol speelt, zich verhoudt tot de vaste rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie van de Europese Unie over het vrije verkeer van patiënten.
Van zorgen voor naar zorgen met
Authors: Bosveld M.H. , Lelij L. , ten Hoopen M.M. , van Bokhoven M.A. , van Mook W.N.K.A.
Published: June 2024

Van zorgen voor naar zorgen met. Verantwoordelijkheden en aansprakelijkheid in het samenspel tussen formele zorg en mantelzorgers uitgelicht.

Het betrekken van patiënten en mantelzorgers bij geneeskundige behandeling staat toenemend in de belangstelling. In dit artikel bespreken we de verantwoordelijkheden en aansprakelijkheid van de zorgaanbieder, zorgverleners en mantelzorgers. We pleiten ervoor de wettelijke zorgvuldigheidseisen voor zorgverleners zoveel mogelijk, maar met oog voor de praktische haalbaarheid, te vertalen naar de situatie waarin samen zorg wordt verleend.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE CARBURIZING PROCESS ON THE IMPACT-SLIDING WEAR BEHAVIOR OF 14NiCr14 STEEL
Authors: Çoşkun Ömer Faruk , Eğercioğlu Ayşenur , Özdemir Gökhan , Mindivan Harun
Published: June 2024

Weapons depend largely on the barrel. Gunpowder combustion converts chemical energy into thermal and mechanical energy. Barrels give projectiles initial speed and flight direction, and helical grooves require fast spinning for stability while moving toward the target. Due of barrel exposure to heat, high pressures, gunpowder vapors, and external impacts, this weapon element needs extensive investigation. The study discusses carburizing for surface modification in high-pressure circumstances to improve gun barrel interior line tribology. Carburizing has been detected at a depth of 960 μm from the surface, as revealed by light-optical microscope images. The microhardness test has been performed on the sample's cross section, which has a maximal hardness of 650 ± 10 HV0.05 close to the surface and 250 ± 5 HV0.05 close to the interface. At room temperature (RT), this study looked at how the carburizing process affects the impact-sliding wear performance of 14NiCr14 steel, which is widely used in the barrel extensions of guns under complex loading conditions. A series of impact-sliding wear experiments were conducted on 10 mm-diameter bearing steel balls made of 52100-grade steel, for a total of 4297 loading cycles. A 2-D contact profilometer and a light optical microscope (LOM) then examined the wear tracks that had formed on the samples. The carburized steel caused a decrease in the wear rate at the impact and sliding zones of the wear track.