bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sífilis del canal anal
Authors: Soto García Sara , Ruiz Maciá José Antonio , Hostalet Robles Francisco , Navarro Rodríguez José Manuel , Gregori Colomé Joan , Borrajo Brunete Emilio
Published: April 2021

Se presenta el caso de un varón de 26 años con fisura anal y sospecha histológica de sífilis, que se confirmó mediante inmunohistoquímica para treponema, resultando negativas las pruebas serológicas. Con este caso se pretende resaltar la importancia del estudio inmunohistoquímico ante una sospecha clínica y/o anatomopatológica de infección por Treponema Pallidum, ya que tanto el periodo ventana como el efecto prozona pueden dar un resultado falso negativo. Aunque la detección serológica siga siendo la técnica de elección para el diagnóstico, el patólogo podría no disponer del resultado de la serología o ésta mostrar un falso negativo.
Ante un resultado negativo en las pruebas serológicas con una baja sospecha clínica, no se repite la determinación, por lo que el diagnóstico histopatológico con confirmación inmunohistoquímica, es de vital importancia.
Tumor de ovario con características especiales
Authors: Merino Martín Germán , Fernández Morejón Francisco , Torrero De Pedro Ignacio , Rey Nodar Severino
Published: April 2021

Aproximadamente el 95% de los tumores del ovario son benignos siendo el más frecuente el teratoma maduro benigno (quiste dermoide) que se caracteriza por ser una cavidad quística, de cápsula gruesa, bien formada, revestida por epitelio plano estratificado con apéndices cutáneos (glándulas sudoríparas, apocrinas y sebáceas). La cavidad está ocupada por detritus de la secreción glandular, y suele contener pelos, dientes, cartílago, plexos coroideos, falanges, tejido nervioso y tejido tiroideo. Presentamos un teratoma ovárico con morfología muy poco usual dada por la presencia de múltiples esferas móviles flotando en líquido claro, que en la ecografía y la resonancia magnética abdominopélvica se definió como un quiste de 12 cm de diámetro, de superficie lisa y con múltiples esferas sólidas de similar tamaño y ecogenicidad grasa o coloidea, sin vascularización. La paciente fue sometida a cirugía y cinco años después se mantiene en buenas condiciones de salud.
Patología Pulmonar
Authors: Rey Nodar Severino
Published: April 2021

Hombre de 67 años con nódulo pulmonar de 2.6 cm descubierto en un TAC realizado por tos seca de 8 meses de evolución. Hipertensión arterial tratada con Olmezartán desde 2018. Broncoscopía con lesión endobronquial de aproximadamente 2.5cm.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN KETERAMPILAN MENGGAMBAR PROYEKSI ORTOGONAL MATA PELAJARAN GAMBAR TEKNIK MESIN MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL BELAJAR CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING (CTL) SISWA KELAS X TP 1 KOMPETENSI KEAHLIAN TEKNIK PEMESINAN SMK NEGERI 1 KARAWANG TAHUN P
Authors: SLAMET RAHARJO SLAMET RAHARJO
Published: April 2021

Selama ini pembelajaran yang berlangsung di SMK Negeri 1 Karawang, khususnya pada Kompetensi Keahlian Teknik Pemesinan masih menggunakan metode ceramah dan demontrasi. Secara umum guru menerangkan, memberi contoh/demonstrasi, meberi tugas untuk latihan, memberi tugas untuk praktek, sedangkan siswa memperhatikan , mendemonstrasikan dengan pengawasan guru, lalu diakhiri dengan siswa mengerjakan tugas prakteknya, sehingga hasilnya  kurang memuaskan. Penelitian ini  dilakukan agar pembaharuan dalam proses belajar mengajar dapat dilakukan dengan dasar dari hasil penelitian yang benar. Penelitian ini berdasarkan  hipotesa bahwa  bila proses pembelajaran dilakukan dengan metode CTL akan meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Metode pembelajaran CTL (Contextual Teaching and Learning) adalah suatu pendekatan pembelajaran yang menekankan kepada proses keterlibatan siswa secara penuh untuk dapat menemukan materi yang dipelajari dan menghubungkannya  dengan situasi kehidupan nyata sehingga mendorong siswa untuk dapat menerapkan dalam kehidupan mereka (Sanjaya 2008). Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMK Negeri 1 Karawang, pada kelas X TP 1, Kompetensi keahlian Teknik Pemesinan pada tahun pelajaran 2016-2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa   terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar dalam pelajaran Gambar Teknik Mesin dalam Materi Menggambar Proyeksi Ortogonal di kelas X TP 1 pada SMK Negeri 1 Karawang, sebelum dilakukan pembelajaran dengan CTL nilai rata rata sebesar 59,38 , kemudian meningkat pada siklus I menjadi 72,19 dan meningkat lagi pada siklus II menjadi 82,81
Ownership Structure and Financial Performance of Listed Firms in Kenya: Mediation Role of Corporate Diversification
Authors: Tanui Dr. Peninah Jepkogei , Katana Harrison , Alosi Geoffrey , Khahenda Lynda , Adhiambo Vincensia Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

Purpose: The study aimed at examining the mediating role of corporate diversification between ownership structure and financial performance of listed firms in Kenya.
Methodology/Approach/Design: As guided by explanatory research design, 65 listed firms from 2003 to 2017 were targeted. However, panel data of 35 firms were considered after excluding suspended and delisted as far as the study period is concerned.
Results: The panel regression analysis finding indicated that corporate diversification positively and significantly mediated between institutional ownership and financial performance (β = .005, p-value = .000). Furthermore, there was a negative but statistically significant mediation effect of corporate diversification between foreign ownership and financial performance (β = -.0019, p-value = .023). These mediation effects existed despite the direct effect between institutional and as well foreign ownership and financial performance being statistically insignificant.
Practical Implications: The study, therefore, suggested to the management of listed firms to ensure proper implementation of corporate diversification as it transmits the effect of ownership structure on financial performance. More importantly, policymakers are suggested to streamline taxation of foreign investors, tackle malpractices in the firm leading to embezzlement of investor funds. Future studies need to enlarge the scope to incorporate unlisted firms as well as firms listed in different stock exchanges in East Africa. Other types of ownership structure as managerial, family and state need to be analyzed. In addition, other forms and measures of corporate diversification could be investigated by future researchers.
Originality/Value: To attain the main objective, the study used panel regression analysis and path diagrams to examine the effect of ownership structure on financial performance via corporate diversification.
Хорижий мамлакатлар жиноят қонунчилигида ахлоқ тузатиш ишлари жазосининг тартибга солиниши
Authors: Рузиев Иззатилло
Published: April 2021

Ушбу мақолада ахлоқ тузатиш ишлари жазосининг мазмуни ва моҳияти, мақсади ҳамда ушбу жазо турини тайинлаш тартиби ва шартлари, ўзига хос хусусиятлари, ахлоқ тузатиш ишларига ҳукм қилинган шахсларнинг ҳуқуқ ва мажбуриятлари, шунингдек ахлоқ тузатиш ишлари жазосини қўлашда хорижий давлатларнинг илғор тажрибаси ўрганилиб, қонунчилигимизда ахлоқ тузатиш ишлари жазосини қўлашда юзага келадиган муаммоларни  бартараф этиш бўйича тавсиялар ишлаб чиқилган.
O surto de peste de 1899
Authors: Teixeira Mônica
Published: April 2021

Este artigo objetiva analisar o noticiário veiculado pelo jornal O Estado de São Paulo sobre o evento “surto de peste em Santos” ocorrido entre agosto de 1899 e fevereiro de 1900, identificando a participação dos atores envolvidos e suas representações oficiais, analíticas e ideológicas. A pesquisa utilizou as edições de O Estado do período como fonte primária e realizou uma revisão bibliográfica contextualizada sobre o tema. O Serviço Sanitário agia muito, o que não substituía seus recursos escassos: havia pouco soro antipestoso, sendo que Vital Brasil não levaria menos de três meses para aprontar a primeira partilha. Ademais,  muitas dúvidas cercavam sua eficácia, já que o soro Yersin estava em debate. A peste, em si, permanecia poderosa: ao enfrentá-la nos laboratórios, até mesmo os maiores especialistas se puseram em risco. Além de Vital Brasil ter caído doente, Oswaldo Cruz, quando esteve em Santos para informar sobre a situação  do surto o governo federal, ficou vários dias sob suspeita da doença. O Serviço Sanitário entrou no enfrentamento da peste bubônica como quem iria enfrentar a febre amarela e, por isso, embora tenha prometido, não conseguiria pôr em funcionamento os banhos de desinfecção na Hospedaria dos Imigrantes.
O Serviço Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo e a gripe espanhola em 1918
Authors: Antonio Ramos Galvão Rodrigo
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a atuação do Serviço Sanitário do Estado de São Paulo durante a epidemia de gripe espanhola em 1918. A principal fonte de análise foi o relatório A Grippe Epidemica no Brazil e especialmente em São Paulo, considerando as legislações e registros da imprensa na época e a bibliografia sobre o tema. Busca-se avaliar o impacto da epidemia no Estado pelas narrativas acerca do desempenho do Serviço Sanitário e o que o surto de 1918 representou na trajetória dessa instituição.
Photonics Rib Waveguide Dimension Dependent Charge Distribution and Loss Characterization
Authors: Chen Angie Teo Chen , Uddin Mohammad Rakib , Law Foo Kui
Published: April 2021

The simulation of behaviour of the charge distribution and the loss characteristic for rib-waveguide is demonstrated by using silicon-on-insulator (SOI). In this simulation, the rib waveguide is designed at a core width of 450nm, core height of 250nm, rib height of 50nm and buried oxide height of 100nm. These dimensions are set as reference. The aspiration of designing rib waveguide instead of other type of waveguide such as ridge waveguide is from the higher light confinement that can be accomplished by rib waveguide as the refractive index difference is huge and the designing of an active device can be realized. In this analysis, free carrier-injection effect was implemented in the first part of the simulation to study the distribution charges of rib-based waveguide structure based on basic dimensions. In this analysis, electrical voltage was varied from 0V to 1.2V in steps of 0.2V for the analysis of distribution of electron. In the second part of the simulation, four design parameters had been amended which included the core width and height, rib height and buried oxide height. Physical dimensions of the waveguide were altered to achieve smaller device footprint with optimized performance affecting large Free Spectral Range (FSR) and high Q-factor. With proper waveguide physical dimensions design, a good performance Micro-Ring Resonator (MRR) exhibits the principles of wide FSR and Q-factor can be achieved.
Robust Multivariate Correlation Techniques: A Confirmation Analysis using Covid-19 Data Set
Authors: Okwonu Friday Zinzendoff , Ahad Nor Aishah , Apanapudor Joshua Sarduana , Arunaye Festus Irismisose
Published: April 2021

Robust multivariate correlation techniques are proposed to determine the strength of the association between two or more variables of interest since the existing multivariate correlation techniques are susceptible to outliers when the data set contains random outliers. The performances of the proposed techniques were compared with the conventional multivariate correlation techniques. All techniques under study are applied on COVID-19 data sets for Malaysia and Nigeria to determine the level of association between study variables which are confirmed, discharged, and death cases. These techniques’ performances are evaluated based on the multivariate correlation (R), multivariate coefficient of determination (R^2), and Adjusted R^2. The proposed techniques showed R=0.99 and the conventional methods showed that R ranges from 0.44 to 0.73. The R^2 and the Adjusted R^2 for proposed methods are 0.98 and 0.97 while the conventional methods showed that R equals 0.53, 0.44, and 0.19 whereas Adjusted R^2 equals 0.52, 0.43, and 0.18, respectively. The proposed techniques strongly affirmed that for any patient to be discharged or die of the Covid-19, the patient must be confirmed Covid-19 positive, whereas the conventional method showed moderate to very weak affirmation. Based on the results, the proposed techniques are robust and show a very strong association between the variables of interest than the conventional techniques.
Mathematical Modeling and Availability Analysis of Leaf Spring Manufacturing Plant
Authors: Tyagi Sohan Lal , Bansal Shikha , Agarwal Priyanka , Yadav Ajay Singh
Published: April 2021

In this manuscript, we portray the composition and availability analysis of leaf spring. In wheeled vehicles for the suspension, an elementary form of spring i.e. leaf spring is usually utilized. Particularly in industrial vehicles, Leaf springs are one of the widely recognized suspension segments they are frequently used. A method is presented that tests the availability of each part involved in the system as well as the system as a whole. Besides, the analysis demonstrates an optimization model that helps to boost the availability of the leaf spring production plant system. The system is divided into different subsystems considering various phases in the production of leaf spring. The framework of this system consists of four components i.e. shearing, punching, heating, and assembling. Using the Markov birth-death strategy we established the mathematical model of the plant. The matrix method is applied to simplify the differential equations and C programming survey the fluctuation of availability related to time. The numerical results for the different framework are given which are effective to enhance the maintenance policy of the system.
Relative Risk Estimation for Human Leptospirosis Disease in Malaysia Based on Existing Models and Discrete Space-Time Stochastic Sir Model
Authors: Ideris Sufi Hafawati , Malim Muhammad Rozi , Shaadan Norshahida
Published: April 2021

The disease leptospirosis is known to be endemic in Malaysia, and it significantly impacts human wellbeing and the national economy. Current surveillance systems are based on morbidity and mortality leptospirosis national data from the Ministry of Health and remain inadequate due to the number of unreported and misdiagnosed cases. A robust surveillance system is needed to monitor temporal and spatial changes which yield improvements in terms of identifying high-risk areas and disease behaviour. The objective of this study is to identify high-risk areas by estimating relative risk using existing models which are the Standardized Morbidity Ratio (SMR), Poisson-gamma, log-normal, Besag, York and Mollié (BYM) and mixture models. An alternative model is also proposed which involves transmission systems and stochastic elements, namely the stochastic Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) transmission model. This estimation of risk is expected to assist in the early detection of high-risk areas which can be applied as a strategy for preventive and control measures. The methodology in this paper applies relative risk estimates to determine the infection risk for all states in Malaysia based on monthly data from 2011 to 2018 using WinBUGS 1.4 software. The results of relative risks are discussed and presented in tables and graphs for each model to disclose high-risk areas across the country. Based on the risk estimates, different models used have different risk interpretations and drawbacks which make each model different in its use depending on the objectives of the study. As a result, the deviance information criteria (DIC) values obtained do not differ greatly from each expected risk which was estimated
Potential Groundwater Exploration in Use of 2-D Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) Techniques at the Department of Agriculture Kelantan Research and Developmental Platform Padang Raja Kelantan
Authors: Fazlil Ilahi Wan Fazilah , Abu Hassan Nur Hidayu , Ismail Mohd Razi , Che’Ya Nik Norasma , Berahim Zulkarami , Omar Mohamad Husni , Zakaria Nurul Idayu , Mohamed Zawawi Mohamed Azwan
Published: April 2021

2-D electrical resistivity has been a proper investigation survey for determination of subsurface geophysical in describing the complex features geology profile. In this study, an electrical resistivity survey was conducted at paddy cultivation area located in Melor, Kelantan, Malaysia. Since the end plot of paddy field experiences water scarcity especially during dry season, there is a need to find other alternative water source. The study was conducted on 1st and 2nd February 2020 to identify zone area of groundwater for Melor, Kelantan. Four resistivity lines using Induced Polarization (IP) and 2-D Electrical Resistivity Imaging Technique were conducted using a set of ABEM Terrameter SAS4000. Short resistivity survey was applied to gained detail of subsurface formation near the ground, while the longer resistivity survey was applied to obtain deeper subsurface delineation. Measured data obtained was analyzed using RES2DINV software and result of contrast resistivity values was used to determine the geological structures, while the chargeability values were analyzed accordingly to determine area of expected potential groundwater zone. Results from the resistivity profiles show a range values of 0 Ωm to 50,000 Ωm with total maximum acquired depth of 65.6 m below ground surface. The chargeability profiles show a range values of 0 msec to 500 msec, that shows potential of groundwater zone area lies at 0 to 4 msec. It was found that at a depth of 60 to 75 m, 30 m from center of Profile B was suitable for a production well which was expected to be a potential area for groundwater zone.
Modelling In-situ Factors Affecting Bud’s Growth of Rafflesia kerrii Meijer in Lojing Highlands, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Iman Abdul Hamid Mar , Hassin Nor Hizami , Abas Muhamad Azahar , Hamzah Zulhazman
Published: April 2021

Studies on the statistical approach to analyzing growth factors of bud’s growth in the genus Rafflesia have been lacking. This study quantified the effects of eight selected ecological factors hypothesized to be influencing bud’s growth (diameter and circumference) of Rafflesia kerrii Meijer. A non-experimental cross-sectional data collection was conducted between April and August 2018 by in-situ observation and measurements on eight ecological factors utilizing thirty-four sampled individual plants in Lojing Highlands, Kelantan, Peninsular Malaysia. The Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Heteroscedasticity-Consistent- Error (HCE) OLS regression models were employed to establish the statistical relationship between bud’s growth and its influencing factors. Host plant’s ecological ability, level of temperature, light shading, soil acidity, and interaction between plant survival condition and growth stage were found to be the significant and influential ecological factors to bud’s growth of Rafflesia kerrii. The results also showed that, model wise, HCE OLS models outperformed the OLS models in explaining the cause-and-effect relationship under study. Due to some limitations in sampling and data collection, further studies were recommended to corroborate this study using a larger sample covering a larger geographic area – possibly across different localities.
Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients Admitted in the Medical ICU of a Tertiary Public Hospital in the Philippines during the First Two Months of being a COVID-19 Referral Center
Authors: Octaviano Aprille Anne O. , Perez Blessie Marie , Benedicto Jubert
Published: April 2021

Introduction. The University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) began its operations as a COVID-19 referral center on March 30, 2020. Local studies reporting characteristics of patients in the intensive care units (ICUs) are lacking.

Objectives. 1) To describe the baseline characteristics and outcomes of the initial cohort of COVID-19 patients in the medical ICU. 2) To report the initial situation and strategies in the ICU during the first two months of being a COVID-19 referral center.

Methods. We conducted a review of records of all patients with confirmed COVID-19 admitted to the medical ICU of UP-PGH between April 1 to May 31, 2020. Patient demographics, comorbidities, APACHE-II score, signs and symptoms, laboratory and radiologic results, respiratory and vasopressor support, and outcomes were collected.

Results. Out of 35 patients with confirmed COVID-19, majority were above 60 years old (63%). Hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (77%). Fever was the most common symptom (51%). The mean duration of symptoms prior admission was 9 ± 7 days. Anemia and leukocytosis with neutrophilia was common. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (HSCRP) were elevated in most patients. Majority of patients (66%) had moderate level of hypoxemia on admission. Bilateral pneumonia on chest radiograph was found in 34 patients. Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine were the most commonly used drugs. A total of 24 patients (69%) required invasive mechanical ventilation while 15 (43%) needed pressor support. Twenty-two expired (63%) while thirteen (37%) patients were discharged from the medical ICU.

Conclusion. The clinical characteristics in our set of patients are consistent with other studies on critically ill patients. Mortality in the medical ICU was high.
Patient Flow, Health Delivery Processes, and Areas for Improvement in the UP Health Service (UPHS) during May to June 2020 of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Lavina Shiela Marie , Mejia-Samonte Marishiel , Anuran Geannagail , Villarante Katrina Lenora , Limpoco Anna Guia
Published: April 2021

Background. Workplace or employees’ clinics play a vital role in disease outbreaks as there could be an influx of sick personnel. Processes and patient flows during pandemics should be documented to identify good practices and sources of operational inefficiencies.

Objective. To describe the patient flow, health delivery processes, and areas for improvement at the UPHS during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic from May to June 2020.

Methods. This was a cross-sectional study involving patient flow analysis of processes at the employees’ clinic of the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital. The study was divided into two major components: clinic process time measurement and process flow mapping. Data collection involved time elements and narrative descriptions of good practices and problems in the process flow.

Results. The UPHS staff attended to 1,514 employees’ visits during the 15 working days from May to June 2020. The total UPHS service time from arrival to end of consultation of an employee with a COVID-19-related concern was an average of 1 hour 3 minutes (SD±39 minutes) with a mean total waiting time of 46 minutes (SD±37 minutes). Good practices identified were personnel flexibility in doing other tasks, good communication, and infection control measures. Areas for improvement included symptom screening, implementation of physical distancing, and disinfection practices.

Conclusion. The process flows in the UPHS clinic consisted of COVID-19 related consultations, non-COVID-19 related concerns, and swabbing services. Good communication, staff flexibility, infection control measures, and leadership were identified as good practices. Occasional lapses in symptom screening at triage, physical distancing among employees in queuing lines, and inconsistent disinfection practices were the areas for improvement.
Hospitalization Expenditure of COVID-19 Patients at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) with PhilHealth Coverage
Authors: Tabuñar Scarlett Mia , Dominado Tamara Michelle
Published: April 2021

Objective. This research aimed to determine the in-patient expenditure of COVID-19 adult patient s and their out-of-pocket (OOP) payments at the University of the Philippines-Philippine General Hospital (UP-PGH) after the new PhilHealth case rate coverage was instituted last 15 April 2020. It also intended to present the preliminary data on the expenses incurred by COVID patients during the initial phase of the pandemic in the country.

Methods. This study was a retrospective chart review of admitted COVID-19 patients aged 19 years old and above from 15 April to 14 August 2020 at UP-PGH that availed of PhilHealth COVID-19 case rate benefits package (C19C1-C4). Data were analyzed to extract overall expenses, out-of-pocket (OOP) charges, cost centers utilization, and other hospitalization expenditure sources.

Results. Of the 691 COVID-19 patients included during the study period, 55.72% were male, mostly belonging to the 61-70 age range with a median age of 58. The average in-hospital stay was 14.20 days, and 76.99% were under charity services, with the moderate (42.84%) and mild (25.33%) pneumonia cases accounting for 68.17% of the admissions. Total hospital expenses clustered around Php51,000 to 200,000 (~USD 1,041 to 4,156), most spending between Php101,000 to 150,000 (~USD 2,078 to 3,118). The top three cost centers and expenditure sources were pharmacies, personal protective equipment (PPE) usage, and laboratory. The average OOP payment for patients less than 60 years old was higher, ranging from Php 25,899 to Php 44,428.63 (USD 538 to USD 924.44) compared to patients older than 60 (Php4,005.60 to Php 32,920.20 ~ USD 83.35 to 684.98). The most OOP charges were for the age group 19-30, amounting to Php 44,428.63 (USD 924.44).

Conclusion. Preliminary findings of this study gave an actual representation of the expenses of COVID-19 patients, which can guide future utilization of the national health insurance during unexpected pandemics. Early price regulation of new therapeutic interventions, diagnostic tests, and medical supplies, e.g., PPEs, disinfectants, air filters, are measures that can be implemented.
Food Stock in Assamese Culture
Authors: Das Monika
Published: April 2021

Depending on the natural and geographical environment, the food supply of a single ethnic group or community in a region is based on. Just as the natural environment caters to the food supply, so too does the diet seem to be accepted by all. Therefore, there is a difference between the food security of the people living in the desert and the food security of the people living in the coastal areas. If you look at it from that side it is a combination of innumerable hills and plain areas. The diversity of its geographical and natural environment is remarkable. There are many rivers and sub-rivers like Brahmaputra, Dihing, Dichang etc that flows through the chest of the Assam. Therefore Assam is also known as reverie area (mother zone of river). The climate of Assam is neither hot nor cold. As well as the climate, Assam is naturally a fairly pristine state. Due to the abundance of paddy in Assam; rice is the staple food of these people. In this article we will discuss about vegetables, fish, and meat drinks etc. which are taken with rice.
Field classes as an improvement strategy for the discipline of Ecology and Conservation
Authors: Almeida PINHEIRO Rodrigo , Dos Santos CABRAL Maria Jéssica , Araujo dos SANTOS Jerffeson , Pessoa de BARROS Rubens
Published: April 2021

O estudo buscou descrever as metodologias executadas e sua relevância para a disciplina de Ecologia e Conservação para aulas de campo. A disciplina de Ecologia e Conservação é um dos componentes curriculares do curso de licenciatura em ciências biológicas do Campus I, da Universidade Estadual de Alagoas localizada na cidade de Arapiraca – AL. Durante o período em que a disciplina de Ecologia e Conservação foi lecionada, foram realizadas três aulas de campo, que foram: 1º Aula de Campo – Serra da mangabeira, 2º Aula de Campo – Área de cultivo agroecológico: Povoado Bom Jardim e a 3º Aula de Campo – Trilha ecológica Perucaba viva. Após o término das atividades, pôde-se constatar a importância delas para a disciplina de Ecologia e Conservação, onde foram observadas e realizadas práticas que dizem respeito à conservação.
Eficiencia hidráulica y ambiental de cubiertas verdes en un clima mediterráneo continental seco. Aplicación a una nueva urbanización en la ciudad de Zaragoza (España)
Authors: Jiménez A. , Russo B. , Ruiz O. , Acero A.
Published: April 2021

El aumento paulatino de las zonas impermeables en muchas de nuestras ciudades contribuye al aumento de los volúmenes de escorrentía superficial que, además, llegan a la red de drenaje o directamente al medio receptor sin ningún tipo de filtro proporcionado por la vegetación. En este contexto, exacerbado por los efectos de cambio climático que en muchas zonas del planeta están determinando un drástico aumento de las intensidades máximas de lluvia, los Sistemas Urbanos de Drenaje Sostenible (SUDS) constituyen una válida alternativa para hacer frente a estas problemáticas aportando, además, una larga serie de co-beneficios a nivel ambiental y social. El objetivo del presente estudio es plantear la implantación de cubiertas verdes en una nueva urbanización de la ciudad de Zaragoza y valorar sus beneficios hidráulicos, ambientales y socioeconómicos. El análisis de los beneficios hidráulicos y ambientales se ha realizado a través del software USEPA-SWMM5 que incluye un módulo específico para cubiertas verdes, permitiendo definir sus capas principales y sus efectos a nivel de parcela y de cuenca de estudio. A nivel hidrológico, las simulaciones llevadas a cabo para eventos de lluvia extremos (periodos de retorno de 2, 5 y 10 años), indican que la reducción de las puntas del hidrograma puede estar entre 31 y 38%, mientras la reducción en términos de volúmenes de escorrentía presenta un rango entre 17 y 27%. Con respecto a las simulaciones continuas de una serie anual de lluvia, la reducción de volúmenes de escorrentía variaría aproximadamente entre el 30% y el 37% dependiendo de la tipología de cubierta verde empleada. Finalmente, con relación a los parámetros de calidad de los caudales vertidos, la reducción de contaminantes sería muy significativa variando de un 92% a un 99% en función del tipo de contaminante y tipo de cubierta.
Acogimiento en familia extensa: perfil psicosocial de las familias y de los menores acogidos
Authors: Martínez Miguel Elena , Gimeno Collado Adelina , González Sala Francisco
Published: April 2021

El Acogimiento en familia extensa es la medida de protección de menores más frecuente en España. Los objetivos del presente estudio son analizar el perfil familiar según diferentes dimensiones, conocer el estado de salud psicosocial de los menores en acogimiento en familia extensa y estudiar la relación entre variables familiares y del menor. La muestra estuvo formada por 101 familias y 122 menores entre 6 y 17 años (M = 10.07; DT = 3.92), residentes en la provincia de Valencia. La evaluación se realizó mediante entrevistas individuales con cada familia. Los resultados muestran una buena funcionalidad de las familias teniendo en cuenta el clima familiar, el nivel de estrés, los estilos educativos y los apoyos con los que cuentan, pero también muestran los riesgos en general asociados al alto rango de edad de los acogedores, que suelen ser abuelas. En los niños y niñas acogidos aparecen problemas de Aprovechamiento escolar, así como problemas Interiorizados y Exteriorizados. Destaca la presencia de problemas psicosociales en un rango clínico en el 32.4% de los menores. Existe una relación negativa entre problemas psicosociales en los menores acogidos y la funcionalidad familiar, presentando pautas para la formación de las familias y para la intervención con los menores, a nivel preventivo y clínico en materia de salud psicológica principalmente.
Water, Water Everywhere: Destiny, Politics and Commodification on New York’s Water Edge
Authors: Morcillo Pallares Ana
Published: April 2021

In 1973, in the midst of an economic downturn, New York City´s waterfront was envisioned as an enterprise for an urban renewal. This paper reflects on the interplay among a set of actors which was key in launching a more open, accessible, diverse and thrilling city´s edge. The intersecting condition among corporate capitalism, real estate, political interests and talented design illustrates the waterfront as particularly instrumental in the representation of a desire city to live in. However, the case study of two relevant built projects, Battery Park City and Gantry Plaza State Park, showcases different results in the challenge of the city´s waterfront strategy giving over its innovation, privileging instead the rapid commodification of the architecture and the unbalance between public and private interests.
Architecture and transformation in Mexico City’s UNAM University Campus
Authors: Leal Alejandro , Cruz Bruno , Pérez-Duarte Alejandro
Published: April 2021

Architecture in permanent transformation is the starting point of this article, focused on the interaction between material and social aspects of a case study on modern Mexican housing, observing the building’s life in relation to its inhabitants. The Multifamily Apartment Building for Teachers (Multifamiliar para maestros), a faculty housing building at the UNAM campus, is a mid-twentieth-century experimental housing project, developed at the beginning of Mexico City´s densification. Today it is registered in UNESCO’s World Heritage Sites. The case study sheds some important insights into the transformations of a spatial modern utopia facing inhabitants' needs. Numerous differences were detected between the original idea behind the building’s architecture and the reality of its users today, revealing not only the ambiguous nature of the building but also problems derived from the country’s accelerated modernization. The results show contrasting approaches of the intermediate space between the building’s conception, and the constant process of becoming a home, where the scope of its habitability is negotiated. 
CSH Program o el American way of life. Iconos domésticos californianos de los 50
Authors: Marcos Carlos L.
Published: April 2021

After World War II a new order emerged amongst the ruins, the devastation and the Allied triumph. The United States, more than any other country, emerged as a new world power with an optimism founded on victory as much as on its untouched territory and on its economy boosted by the military industrial complex. Architecture in the 50s could not avoid being part of the American dream. Would it be possible to find an architectural image to embody such an aspiration? In other words, would it be possible to conceive an architectural iconography tuned with technology, progress, freedom, individualism, and the familiar image for domestic architecture capable of assuming the symbolism and the characteristic optimism of the American way of life? That was the goal pursued by John Entenza, editor of the influential Arts & Architecture journal, and advocate of the Case Study House Program. The glazed box could assume much of the imagery associated with a new way of life for various reasons. Indeed, it served as an iconography for the domestic architecture of the period inspired in industrialisation or in the hybridisation of steel and the balloon-frame constructive system as a pretext diversely reinterpreted in the Case Study Houses later to become icons of a Californian modern domesticity.
Normatividade semântica e naturalismo: uma consideração das dimensões semântica e interpretativa de perspectivas normativas
Authors: Barros Roberto
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem por finalidade problematizar o caráter interpretativo de perspectivas normativas, tendo como pressuposto que o conteúdo enunciativo da norma é sempre compreendido mediante uma perspectiva projetiva e objetivante por parte de quem a formula, e de uma atitude compreensiva e doadora de significado por parte daquele que busca interpretá-la. Tal abordagem pressupõe, portanto, uma consideração de aspectos estruturantes atuantes em formulações normativas, mas também de fatores interpretativos quando uma perspectiva normativa é problematizada. Com isso tem-se por meta evidenciar a impossibilidade de fundamentação última de normas e então argumentar em favor dos aspectos positivos deste ponto de vista.
Problemas no uso de empatia em investigações sobre o comportamento moral
Authors: Silveira Matheus de Mesquita
Published: April 2021

Os últimos anos apresentaram grande quantidade de pesquisas conceituais e empíricas sobre a empatia, além de um crescente interesse público pelo tema.  Nesse contexto, as esferas acadêmica e pública, diversas vezes, utilizam empatia e moralidade de forma intercambiável. Neste artigo, argumentar-se-á que existe uma relação entre ambas, porém com diferentes níveis de sobreposição. O problema está na amplitude contemporânea do conceito de empatia e sua consequente polissemia. Na construção do argumento, será relevante distinguir as diferentes características do fenômeno de vinculação emocional, em particular a ressonância emocional, a preocupação empática e a tomada de perspectiva. A distinção conceitual seguirá uma linha empírico-materialista: diferentes fenômenos corporificados necessitam de definições conceituais específicas. Afinal, cada um desses processos psicobiológicos influenciam juízos normativos de modo particular, incorrendo em formas de comportamentos sociais variados. A pluralidade de descobertas das ciências cognitivas ilustrará a relação complexa e ambígua acerca da definição de empatia. O ponto central para compreender essa relação consistirá na defesa de maior precisão conceitual acerca dos fenômenos de vinculação emocional associados à moralidade.
Neuroética e COVID-19
Authors: Dall'Agnol Darlei
Published: April 2021

O presente trabalho tem dois objetivos principais: (i) apresentar algumas pesquisas neurocientíficas atuais para o entendimento dos efeitos do novo coronavírus (SARS-COV-2) no sistema nervoso central (SNC) humano e (ii) discutir como a neuroética, a partir desses descobrimentos, pode contribuir para o enfrentamento adequado dos efeitos da COVID-19. Para atingir esses objetivos, na primeira parte, são apresentadas e discutidas algumas descobertas feitas pelas pesquisas neurocientíficas dos impactos do coronavírus no cérebro humano. Tais efeitos vão desde derrame cerebral, encefalite, perda de memória etc. até alteração de estados mentais gerando ansiedade e depressão. Na segunda parte, procura-se apresentar um referencial neuroético para lidar com esses problemas. Apesar da predominância da ética utilitarista, o trabalho defende o uso do referencial bioético clássico para lidar com tais problemas baseados no respeito pelas pessoas, na beneficência e na justiça. A partir dele, são sugeridas algumas formas de redobrar os cuidados para lidar com a pandemia da COVID-19 que continua fora de controle no nosso país.
From the necessity of being human to the possibility of pursuing a good life: cognitive enhancement and the emergence of personhood
Authors: Lopes Giovana , Stancioli Brunello
Published: April 2021

Throughout human history, cognition enhancement has not only been a constant, but also imperative for our species evolution and well-being. However, philosophical assumptions that enhancing cognition by biomedical means goes against some immutable human nature, combined with the lack of conclusive data about its use on healthy individuals and long-term effects, can sometimes result in prohibitive approaches. In this context, the authors seek to demonstrate that cognition enhancement, whether by “natural” or biotechnological means, is essential to the emergence of personhood, and to existence of an autonomous life that is guided by a person’s own conception of the good. In order to do so, the main possibilities of enhancing cognition through biotechnologies, along with its benefits and potentialities, as well as its risks and limitations, will be presented. Following Savulescu and Sandberg’s account on cognitive enhancement, it will be argued that it constitutes both a consumption good, being desirable and happiness-promoting to have well-functioning cognition, and a capital good that reduces risks, increases earning capacity, and forms a key part of human capital. Finally, having in mind that progress in the field of biotechnology aimed at cognition enhancement may improve a person’s (and society’s) well-being, the authors will argue that further research in the field is necessary, especially studies that takes into consideration dimensions such as dose, individual characteristics and task characteristics.
Fatores contingenciais que contribuem para a adoção do custeio alvo: estudo de caso em uma empresa de serviços
Authors: Braga Eliane Cortes , Nascimento Josélia Fernandes do , Callado Antônio André Cunha
Published: April 2021

O objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar a influência dos fatores contingenciais no sistema de custeio alvo de uma empresa prestadora de serviços no Estado do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa realizada foi um estudo de caso em uma empresa de consultoria em Tecnologia da Informação onde foram coletadas informações por meio de entrevistas acerca de aspectos contingencias (ambiente, tecnologia, estrutura e estratégia) e de atributos relacionados ao sistema de custeio alvo. Para a análise das informações coletadas foi considerada a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstram que a empresa estudada está inserida em um setor dinâmico, a tecnologia em suas atividades é muito presente. Trata-se de uma empresa de médio porte com razoável descentralização e que atribui muita importância a gestão estratégica de custos. O sistema de custeio alvo é considerado pelos entrevistados como de grande relevância para gerenciar custos e alcançar os objetivos da organização.
Multinacionalidade, ativos intangíveis e agressividade fiscal
Authors: Lima Ana Paula Araujo , Nossa Valcemiro , Nossa Silvania Neris , Moreira Nadia Cardoso
Published: April 2021

Atualmente, a agressividade fiscal e a multinacionalidade tem sido temas recorrentes em pesquisas internacionais na área contábil. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar como a agressividade tributária (BTD ou TTVA) é afetada pela multinacionalidade, considerando o nível de ativos intangíveis das empresas listadas na B3. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa quantitativa a partir da análise de regressão, onde testaram-se duas proxies de agressividade fiscal (BTD e TTVA). Os resultados permitem inferir que a presença de multinacionalidade está relacionada a menores níveis de agressividade fiscal, em média. No entanto, a presença de multinacionalidade relacionada a maiores níveis de ativos intangíveis gera maiores níveis de agressividade fiscal.
Mulheres CEO (Chief Executive Officer) e CFO (Chief Financial Officer): influência da presença feminina na qualidade dos accruals
Authors: Fabrício Sarah Amaral , Dalcero Kátia , Ferreira Denize Demarche Minatti , Ribeiro Alex Mussoi
Published: April 2021

A presença feminina em cargos de diretoria executiva, gerência de alto escalão e nos conselhos tem apontado influência significativa na diminuição dos accruals discricionários das companhias. O estudo parte dos pressupostos evidenciados nas hipóteses H1a e H1b de que empresas com CEO e/ou CFO do gênero feminino possuem menos accruals discricionários e, assim, uma maior qualidade dos lucros. O modelo empírico foi aplicado numa amostra de 170 empresas não financeiras listadas na B3 S/A – Brasil, Bolsa, Balcão de 2013 a 2018. Os resultados rejeitam a H1a. Já os achados não rejeitam H1b, ou seja, foi encontrada influência significativa do CFO do gênero feminino com a diminuição da discricionariedade dos accruals que resulta em uma melhor qualidade dos lucros. A pesquisa ainda observou o total de mulheres como CEOs e CFOs, sendo 25 (2,68%) e 72 (7,73%), respectivamente, totalizando 97 mulheres em ambos os cargos.
Association of serum sialic acid concentration with diabetic complications and cardiovascular risk factors in an Indian population
Authors: Bansal Pankaj , Bansal Puja , Verma Rajesh
Published: April 2021

Introduction

Sialic acid (SA) is an acetylated product of neuraminic acid. It acts as a cofactor of many cell surface receptors (e.g. insulin receptors) and is positively associated with most of the serum acute phase reactants. Sialic acid is an important component of serum, which is elevated in diseases such as diabetes and certain malignancies. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increase in SA concentration along with other complications. The present study was undertaken to assess the relationship between serum SA and type 2 diabetes.

Material and methods

A total of 200 type 2 DM patients, 145 males and 55 females, were included in the study. Also, 100 healthy individuals served as the control group. Parameters assessed included serum SA, lipid profile, urine microalbumin, LDL-C, lipoprotein(a), and serum fibrinogen. The relationship between serum SA and diabetic complications viz retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy was also assessed.

Results

Type 2 DM patients had significantly higher levels (p < 0.01) of SA (77.35 ±4.6 mg%) as compared to the control group (68.23 ±7.9 mg%). Increased levels of serum SA were seen in patients with diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy. No correlation was seen between serum SA and diabetic neuropathy.

Conclusions

Elevated serum SA concentration is significantly related to type 2 DM and associated cardiovascular risk factors. Further study of acute-phase response markers and mediators as indicators or predictors of diabetic microvascular complications is therefore justified.
Association of atrial fibrillation with outcomes in patients hospitalized with inflammatory bowel disease: an analysis of the National Inpatient Sample
Authors: Ur Rahman Ebad , Gayam Vijay , Garlapati Pavani , Patel Neelkumar , Farah Fatima , El-Hamdani Adee , Khan Arfaat , I. Okhumale Paul , Aronow Wilbert , El-Hamdani Mehiar
Published: April 2021

Introduction

We aimed to determine in-hospital outcomes, length of hospital stay (LOS) and resource utilization in a contemporary cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and atrial fibrillation (AFIB).

Material and methods

The National Inpatient Sample database October 2015 to December 2017 was utilized for data analysis using the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision codes to identify the patients with the principal diagnosis of IBD.

Results

Of 714,863 IBD patients, 64,599 had a diagnosis of both IBD and AFIB. We found that IBD patients with AFIB had a greater incidence of in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–1.4), sepsis (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1–1.3), mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1–1.5), shock requiring vasopressor (OR = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.1–1.9), lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) (OR = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04–1.1), and hemorrhage requiring blood transfusion (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.17–1.37). Mean LOS ± SD, mean total charges and total costs were higher in patients with IBD and AFIB.

Conclusions

In this study, IBD with AFIB was associated with increased in-hospital mortality and morbidity, mean LOS and resource utilization.
The cardiovascular burden of light smoking
Authors: Katsi Vasiliki , Maragkoudakis Spyridon , Ioakeimidis Nikolaos , Marketou Maria , Parthenakis Fragkiskos , Vlachopoulos Charalambos , Tsioufis Konstantinos
Published: April 2021

The assumption that light cigarette smoking, meaning smoking one to five cigarettes per day, is not so harmful has been dissipated by several studies. Regardless of the quantity of tobacco cigarettes, smoking remains a leading risk factor for the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Smoke is a mixture of several toxic chemicals, such as nicotine, carbon monoxide, and oxidants, implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. Despite anti-smoking campaigns, a misconception concerning “safe smoking” still exists. The purpose of this literature review is to highlight the deleterious effect of light cigarette smoking and claim the consensus that there is no safe smoking.