bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards a Region-Specific Impact Assessment of Water Degradation In Water Footprinting
Authors: Finogenova Natalia , Berger Markus , Schelter Lennart , Becker Rike , Aus der Beek Tim , Usman Muhammad , Weber Frank-Andreas , Finkbeiner Matthias
Published: April 2021

Water footprint evaluates impacts associated with the water use along a product’s life cycle. In order to quantify impacts resulting from water pollution in a comprehensive manner, impact categories, such as human toxicity, were developed in the context of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Nevertheless, methods addressing human health impacts often have a low spatial resolution and, thus, are not able to model impacts on a local scale. To address this issue, we develop a region-specific model for the human toxicity impacts for the cotton-textile industry in Punjab, Pakistan. We analysed local cause-effect chains and created a region “Punjab” in the USEtox model using local climate, landscape, and population data. Finally, we calculated human health impacts for the emissions of pesticides from the cotton cultivation and heavy metals from the textile production. The results were compared to that obtained for the region India+ (where Pakistan belongs) provided by USEtox. The overall result obtained for Punjab is higher than that for India+. In Punjab, the dominant pathway is ingestion via drinking water, which contributes to two-thirds of the total impacts. Nevertheless, the USEtox model does not reflect the local cause-effect chains completely due to absence of the groundwater compartment. Since groundwater is the main source for drinking in Punjab, a more detailed analysis of the fate of and exposure to the pollutants is needed. This study demonstrates that a region-specific assessment of the water quality aspects is essential to provide a more robust evaluation of the human health impacts within water footprinting.
Life Cycle Assessment Approach on Food Packaging to Build Sustainable Consumption Awareness in Developing Countries
Authors: Widyaningsih NiLuh
Published: April 2021

Household consumption is the value of products bought by the household. Consumption takes the biggest part in our lives to support our basic needs on food, clothe, and shelter. The products packaging do not come from natural anymore but from the man-made, such as paper, plastic, glass or metal. Most of the packaging become waste into the environment. There are organic and inorganic waste. The increasing number of population will increase the demand on the products and it will create more waste. Indonesia is the 4th most populated country in the world and it has still waste management problems in urban and rural area. In 2014 from my research, Jakarta has higher percentage on non-food than on food consumption but the contribution from food products into the local economy gets higher every year. We can see this phenomena almost in every place. This research used qualitative approach to gather data and information regarding people’s perception about household solid waste from their consumption behavior. The data do not available on the lower level adminitration. From the focus group discussion in Setia Asih Village (Bekasi) showed that local people and government have less knowledge on household solid waste, especially the life cycle via food packaging and how to treat the waste. So, I build a concept to solve the mind-set issue on the sustainable consumption awareness through the life cycle assessment approach. Local people and government can used it to improve their quality of life (social and economy) and environmental condition.
Global Warming Impact and Energy Analysis of Tempeh Made from Local and Imported Soybean
Authors: Ifdholy Muhamad , Romli Muhammad , Wiloso Edi
Published: April 2021

AbstractIndonesia is a country with the largest number of tempeh producers in the world. However, the practice of tempeh production by most entrepreneurs has not paid enough attention to environmental aspects. In this study, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was used as a method to assess the environmental impact of tempeh labeled as hygienic, produced by Rumah Tempeh Indonesia (RTI) located in Bogor, West Java. The hygienic tempeh consists of two types, namely one made of local soybean (Tempeh Sehat) and the other made of imported soybean (Tempeh Kita). The extent of the environmental impact, in the form of GHG emissions and energy efficiency, throughout the life cycle of tempeh is calculated, analyzed and some improvement scenarios are proposed. The life cycle of tempeh is limited to soybean cultivation, raw material transportation and tempeh processing at RTI. The results show that Tempeh Sehat generates GHG emissions of 0.323 kg CO2-eq, while Tempeh Kita is 0.555 kg CO2-eq per kg of product. The hotspots that contribute to GHG impacts are identified as originating from the stages of soybeans transportation and tempeh processing. Energy efficiency is indicated by the Net Energy Value (NEV) and the Net Energy Ratio (NER) of both types of products. Tempeh Sehat has NEV of 2.064 MJ, while Tempeh Kita is 0.318 MJ. Both types of products show the value of NER>1. Further analysis of existing production practices has led to several scenarios of improvement and their environmental effects have been discussed. Keywords: Tempeh; LCA;  GHG emission; energy efficiency
Using the LANCA® Model to Account for Soil Quality Within LCA: First Application and Approach Comparison in Two Contrasted Tropical Case Studies
Authors: Thoumazeau Alexis , Bustany Céline , Rodrigues Jérémy , Bessou Cécile
Published: April 2021

Assessing the effect of land management on soil quality is nowadays a key environmental concern, as the soil system is linked to major ecosystem services. There is a strong methodological shortage to integrate the impact of anthropogenic pressure on the soil system within large scale environmental frameworks, such as the Life Cycle Assessment. The LANCA® method was proposed to meet this need, integrating five impact categories of soil functions and directly applicable within the Life Cycle Assessment framework. Although the most recent 2016-LANCA® version shows readiness to be integrated in this large scale environmental framework to meet the demand, it has not yet been applied and validated on case studies. This study proposes a first application of the LANCA® model on two contrasted agricultural-based case studies to share experience in implementing the model through both background and foreground approaches, to analyze the first model outputs and to provide tracks for further model improvements. The results proved that both LANCA® approaches were poorly sensitive to the agricultural land managements tested. The foreground approach was difficult to implement due to the lack of transparency of the targeted characterization factors calculation procedure. Further global sensitivity and redundancy analysis should also be proposed in order to validate the consistency of the global model.
Critical parameters for integrating co-composting of POME and EFB into life cycle assessment models of palm oil production.
Authors: Baron Victor , Saoud Mohamed , Jupesta Joni , Praptantyo Ikhsan Rezky , Admojo Hartono Tirto , Bessou Cécile , Caliman Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2021

Palm oil mill’s co-products (empty fruit bunch – EFB and palm oil mill effluent – POME) management is a matter of concern in Indonesia. Co-composting is a promising waste management practice that would allow a reduction of environmental impact and a restitution of organic matter to the soil. This study is a part of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) project and aims to pinpoint the most environmentally impacting compartments of the palm oil production chain. It deals more specifically with the Life Cycle Inventory of data on the composting process based on site specific data. Data on the recycled biomass, energy demand and yielded compost properties were recorded in an industrial palm oil mill over one year. Due to the local conditions, high nutrient leaching from the compost were recorded and the compost remained very wet and hot (thermophilic phase). The composting process only led to 40% of methane avoidance compared to anaerobic digestion of POME, and the global nutrient recovery efficiency was below 50%. We identified the following critical parameters to increase environmental benefits from composting:      i) the POME/FFB ratio from the mill ii) the roofing of the composting platform, iii) the POME/EFB ratio, iv) the turning frequency, v) the recycling of leachates and vi) the process duration and drying period. The nutrient recovery and the doses of compost applied in the field depend on all of those inter-connected parameters. The data presented will be used within LCA models to assess net environmental benefits from various POME and EFB co-composting systems.
A participatory, territory-rooted and change-oriented approach to assess the multi-criteria contribution of an agrifood value chain to sustainable development
Authors: Vayssières Jonathan , Thévenot Alexandre , Acosta Ivonne , Vigne Mathieu , Tillard Emmanuel
Published: April 2021

Agrifood Value chains (AVCs) can be powerful driving forces for sustainable development. Multi-criteria analysis is particularly useful for supporting decision making on improvement measures in AVCs. Methodological guidelines are still needed to effectively integrate environmental and socio-economical assessment tools and indicators at this level.In this paper, we propose a participatory, territory-rooted and change-oriented framework. The framework is applied to analyse the contribution of the main local poultry AVC in Reunion Island to the sustainable development of the territory. The main stakeholders of the AVC participated in (i) identifying key territory challenges, (ii) selecting corresponding appropriate assessment methods and indicators, (iii) defining the perimeter of the AVC and (iv) the improvement scenarios to be explored, v) providing data inventory, and vi) interpreting the results of the assessment.Both the environmental life cycle assessment and the effect method fit the proposed framework particularly well. They were applied to the same AVC data inventory, improvement scenarios were explored and indicators were spatialized to distinguish the local impacts in the root territory and externalized impacts at the global scale.In the ecological dimension of our case study, most of the effects linked to the AVC activities which threaten resources conservation and ecosystem health are externalized. This is due to strong dependency on foreign resources: in the case of fossil energy and raw materials used for livestock feed, 82% of environmental impacts occur outside Reunion Island. In the socio-economic dimension, the employment created by the AVC is mainly local due to the use of local services, 89% of jobs are provided in Reunion Island. Improvement of on-farm eco-efficiency was shown to be a mitigation option that would significantly affect the impacts of the AVC. Human and ecosystem health, and resources conservation would be improved by respectively +2.2, +9.8 and +4.8,% at global scale. But the AVC industrial network and the community would also be negatively affected, by respectively -2.2 and -3.0%, at local scale. This study underlines trade-offs between the environmental and the socio-economic dimensions and methodological challenges associated with the effective integration of assessment methods originating from diverse disciplines.
Life Cycle Assessment of electricity generation from Jatropha oil in a short chain in Mali
Authors: MENEGHEL FONSECA Leticia , CHAOUKI Nawelle , BENOIST Anthony , BUSSET Guillaume , PIROT Roland , MONTRÉJAUD-VIGNOLES Mireille , SABLAYROLLES Caroline
Published: April 2021

Jatropha curcas is an inedible oil crop which can grow under semiarid climatic conditions. Its oil can be used straight as fuel to provide energy in remote areas to improve living conditions. The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impacts of the electricity generation from Jatropha oil under West African conditions, by means of a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). These potential impacts are calculated for four crop managements and compared to the ones of a reference electricity generation from conventional diesel. Data used in this work are from Jatropha plantations set up in Mali since 2006.LCA results show that the potential benefits of the Jatropha systems are highly dependent on the crop management, especially for the fertilization strategy and the promotion of the oilcake. However, in all cases, the Jatropha systems have lower impacts than the reference diesel system by 75% to 96% for abiotic depletion, and by 80% to 97% for ozone layer depletion, and higher impacts by 260% to 1000% for eutrophication, and by 26% to 160% for acidification. In the best case, the Jatropha system can also have lower impacts than the reference system by 76% for climate change, and by 88% for photochemical oxidation.A methodological originality of this work is the inclusion of animal and human labour into the LCA framework. A first model is proposed for the accounting of energy consumption and GreenHouse Gases (GHG) emissions due to labour. Concerning energy consumption, labour is not negligible with a share from 14% to 50% of the total impact of the Jatropha systems; however the highest share of 50% corresponds to the scenarios with the lowest energy demand. CH4 emissions from livestock are also not negligible but second-order in this study since they account for 2% to 13% of total GHG emissions.
LCA database creation
Authors: Ciroth Andreas , Di Noi Claudia , Burhan Salwa , Srocka Michael
Published: April 2021

LCA studies require a high volume of data and their quality has a direct influence on the quality of the Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study overall. The use of LCA databases enables users to (i) reduce time, efforts, and resources for data collection and (ii) reflect supply chains they have no direct control over. On the other side, it creates the need to align own modeling of the foreground LCA study with the modeling in the database. In recent years, countries worldwide have been more and more motivated in supporting LCA studies by providing national databases that reflect their economy, energy mix, and disposal technologies. This article aims to give insights on the main needs, requirements, and challenges for the creation of an LCA database, with a special focus on national, reference databases. First, the article defines the main characteristics of LCA datasets and discusses data collection approaches. Secondly, LCA databases are defined, and the creation of LCA databases from developed datasets is addressed, including the case of national LCA databases. Finally, the existence of tools that could ease the LCA dataset and database creation process is investigated, namely the LCA Collaboration Server and the LCA Data-Machine. It is important that countries willing to create a national database are supported, for example with capacity-building workshops, by actors with a long tradition in the field, which is of mutual benefit: Countries with a long tradition in LCA will benefit from interactions with newcomers, for instance by discussing together unsolved methodological and interoperability issues; newcomers do not need to start from scratch but can benefit from gained experiences. Creating databases that provide specific data for various parts of the world supports LCA methodology and application in general, and it is not the least a chance for local LCA communities to bring in innovation into LCA, and benefit from existing experiences at the same time.
Bioenergy Power Generation Improved Through Biomass Co-Firing
Authors: Setya Cantika Setya Permatasari , Johan Fahrizki  , Nugroho Adi Sasongko
Published: April 2021

Generally, power plants have an environmental negative impact, due to emissions released from the power plant process. The Coal-fired power plant is the most dominant in the world. This is due to the relatively cheap price of coal and high calories produced. But on the other hand emissions generated by coal-fired power plants are quite large compared to other types of power plants, while all countries are working to reduce global warming, one of which is by reducing CO2 emissions. Utilization Renewable Energy is one of the solutions in efforts to reduce the use of fossil energy so that there is a decrease in CO2. Biomass is renewable energy which is currently widely used as fuel for electricity generation, Biomass fuel can be used 100% for a plant called PLTBm and can also be a coal-fired power plant with a certain percentage mix. Therefore, an analysis using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method is used to determine differences in emissions produced between coal-fired power plants compared to the Biomass co-firing system. The result is a PLTU with a Biomass co-firing system produces lower emissions than a 100% coal-fired power plant.
Lembaga Pengawas Syariah Dalam Sorotan
Authors: L.Man Yovenska
Published: April 2021

Abstract:

Islamic financial institutions are currently considered quite significant. However, on the other hand, of course, everything is not free from some shortcomings that should be a concern. Among those questioned, among others, is the role of the Sharia Supervisory Board in terms of implementing Good Corporate Governance (GCG). This paper will focus on discussions regarding planning and implementing strategies towards the Ideal Sharia Supervisory Board
A clinical study to assess efficacy of Bilva Majja Churna with Lajaambu Anupana in Garbhini Chhardi (emesis gravidarum)
Authors: Bhosale Ravikiran  Ram , Garthe Limbanappa Somnath
Published: April 2021

The gestational period is very crucial as regards health of both mother and fetus. sometimes ‘Garbhopadrava’ or pregnancy related ailments arise due to various factors such as incompatibility with fetus, faulty diet and lifestyle etc. Among them, Garbhini Chhardi (emesis gravidarum) is commonly encountered in obstetrics practice. The classics have elaborated various treatments for this. Of them, In Yogaratnakara, Bilva Majja Churna with Lajaambu is desribed in treatment of Garbhini Chhardi. In the present open labelled, single arm study, 30 pregnant females having signs and symptoms of Garbhini Chhardi were enrolled. The patients were administered 2 gm of Bilva Majja Churna thrice a day i.e., after breakfast and both meals (Udana Kala) with Anupana of Lajaambu (40 ml) each time. The treatment was administered for 7 days. Follow up was taken on 3rd and 7th day. The assessment of efficacy was done on basis of remission in number of bouts of vomiting and other associated symptoms. It was concluded that, the treatment was efficacious, as the bouts of Chhardi were quickly brought under control and digestive power (Agni) returned almost at the same time. Also, other associated symptoms suggesting Rasa Kshaya were also relieved to a great extent.
Comparative study of concept with Ayurvedokta Aahara & today’s contaminated, adulterated food
Authors: Rajput Sardarsing Narsing
Published: April 2021

Aahara is Trayopstambha of life as described in Ayurveda (Cha.Su. 11/13). All basic principles are described in Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Ashtanga Sangraha, as well as Ashtanga Hrudaya. In Charaka Samhita (Cha.chi.15), Aahara described in aspect with its properties, Ahara, Dincharya, Ritucharya, Dravdravyavidhi, Annapan vidhiadhyaya.  In Sushruta Samhita (Su.Su.46, 47) Dravdravyavidhi & Annapanvidhi guide us about diet by multiple perspectives.
  Yogya Aahara means appropriate diet précised in Charakacharya in Sutrasthana 27/349 & in Shri Bhagvat Gita adhyay 6/17. Desh place/surroundings, kaal/time, Sanskar, Koshta etc these are valuable 18 factors that affects digestion. Mind should be settle prasannabhav is important by avoiding irsha,dvesh,raga & lobha. Aahara should be manonukul, good in smell, appearance, & taste.  Today’s era what should be eat for healthy life? How? Where? This is also important for digestion. Now a days adulterated, contaminated food consumption occurred unknown route. Several chemical contaminations travel from stage of cultivation to reach to consumer which are giving much hazards for health. Farming, cultivating, processing, marketing, stocking, selling, plastic packing material also contaminated food. Number of examples may be given as milk, vegetables (tomato), fruits like apples; grapes, bananas are highly contaminated by colours and chemicals. We should aware about Aahara. We should eat which is safe for us. Junk food, road breakfast like vadapav, fast food may be highly used with contaminated oil & inferior food quality. Many hotels use palm oil for process which affects worse on healthy body. Everyone must think about improvement of food quality.
Observational study on ill effects of consumption of package food in children of age 2 to 16 years.
Authors: Muley Mrudula Pramod
Published: April 2021

Consumption of package food contributes big part in in today’s instant era. It may taste delicious and doesn’t require time to cook but has hazardous effects. As children are in developing stage every meal, food will count on their health. Package food is somewhat children gets attracted and forms habit of it, but unaware of its ill effects. Ayurveda has been promoting importance of hita aahar and aahar vidhivisheshtayani(way to eat it) since ages.In this study we have observed the ill effects of consumption of package food in children 2 to 16 years. This study carried out with some questionnaire and criteria. The study shows that these children were affected by various diseases like twakrag, krimirog, malabaddhata, staulya, karshya, dantashool. Therefore, the awareness about ill effects of package food and regular consumption ofhita aahar must be promoted to build strong and healthy child.
Management of a case of Primary infertility with PCOD and tubal blockage with Apamarga Kshaar Tail Uttarbasti ,Varunaadi Kashaya and Shatpushpa Churna A Case Study
Authors: Kamble Archana
Published: April 2021

PCOD & Tubal Blockage are one of the commonest cause of infertility in female patients . Women unable to procreate progeny is considered as Vandhya in Ayurveda. PCOD & TUBAL BLOCKAGE are taken as KSHETRA and BEEJA dushti among four essential factors needed for conception. Both for tubal blockage and PCOD the responsible doshas are VATA and KAPHA. In this case both sanashaman and sanshodhan chikitsa was done.  The drugs selected were: Apamarga kshar tail for uttarbasti for three consecutive cycles , Varunaadi Kashaya, Shatpushpa churna orally for 6 months. USG and HSG were used as confirmatory diagnostic tools. 3 Effect of drug on menstrual bleeding pattern was seen for 2nd month of treatment and patient conceived after 7 months of treatment.
A review on dental hygiene in children
Authors: Shitre Ashwini
Published: April 2021

Teeth are an integral part of the human body, not only for a contagious smile but also for chewing food well. Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases in humans worldwide. However, dental caries, especially early childhood caries, is still a serious health problem in developing countries. An Ayurvedic remedy plays an effective agent in the treatment of carious teeth, owing to its ability to inhibit the growth and accumulation on the surface of the tooth. This would prevent the accumulation of acids on the surface of the tooth, and thus the further demineralization and the breakdown of the tooth enamel. In The present article we have tried to describe the role of Ayurveda in the management of dental hygiene.
Effect of shodhana and shamana chikitsa in mandala kustha (psoriasis): A case study
Authors: Sahu Jyoti Bala
Published: April 2021

Skin is the largest organ of the body both by surface area and weight. This covers the entire body. The thickness of skin varies considerably over all parts of the body and between young and old, men and women. It helps to regulate body temperature, stores water fat and permit sensation of touch. Psoriasis is a chronic dermatosis characterized by covered by silvery loose scales. Treatment available on contemporary system is not curative but suppressive only. The prevalence of psoriasis is 8%. Prevalence equal in males and females. A case of Mandala Kustha discussed here. Patient successfully treated with Shodhana (Virechana karma) & Shamana Chikitsa. After course of 2 months treatment provides significant relief in Sign and Symptoms. In our classics mentioned Shodhana Chikitsa for Kustha Roga. Considering the sign and symptoms of patient was treated with classical Virechana karma (therapeutic purgation) and Shamana Chikitsa according to line of treatment of Kustha (Psoriasis). Assessment was done on before treatment, after treatment and after follow up of 2 months; pictures were taken before treatment and after treatment. Remarkable improvement was noticed, induration and itching after Virechana treatment.
An ayurvedic review on Autism in children
Authors: Kuraskar Navin
Published: April 2021

Autism is a complex development disability appearing in infancy or early childhood which has been increased in its prevalence and incidence since the last two decades. Western medicine and research have seemingly stalled in respect to the management of autism however early intervention and behavioral therapies have shown improvement to some extent. Ayurveda understands the nature of human brain in a completely different manner from modern day's psychiatric and physiological theories. Autism has close similarity to the features that of Unmada (insanity) described in Ayurveda. The condition may be due to the result of Khavaigunya (disarrangements) of Srotas (channels) which nurtures Manas (mind) as consequences of many Agantuja (epigenetic toxic insults & postnatal environmental factor) and Sahaja (genetic) factors. Among the various type of treatment modalities, Yuktivyapashraya Chikitsa (Rational therapy) plays a vital role in managing the symptoms of Autism in children. However, the preventive measures are more appreciated than the treatment protocols.
Concept of koshta shakha vikriti in kha vaigunya in tuberculosis by exploring different x-rays
Authors: Shinde Pallavi
Published: April 2021

Kha-vaigunya is the condition of the srotas which is susceptible for pathological changes or favourable movement to produce a disease. Koshtha means hollow organs and cavernous spaces or cavities of body.Shakha means Shariradhatus or body tissues excluding the rasa dhatu or plasma and including the twak or skin. Doshas are functional entities of body and they are constantly moving from one place of body to other. When Doshas have unidirectional movement from Koshta to Shakha, Doshas do not come back to visceral spaces therefore normal function of visceral organs are hampered. The Doshas gets stagnated and damage the tissue causing disease. Tuberculosis is chronic granulomatous inflammation of lung tissue. In Disease progression stage Tubercle forms, which contains a semi-solid or â€œcheesyâ€ consistency. Itâ€™s manifestation is either cavitation or calcification. Hence understanding the pathogenesis by evaluating X-rays is an attempt made to understand Koshta shakha vikriti as kha vaigunya.
Cupping therapy in pain management- A review
Authors: Khalique Shaheeda Khatun Abdul , Ukhalkar Vijay
Published: April 2021

Pain is the most common reason for seeking therapeutic alternatives to conventional medicine. Raktamokshan is accepted as half of the therapeutic measure in Shalyatantra like Basti in Kayachikitsa2. Raktamokshan is one of the fascinating and satisfactory answer for many diseases. Shring and Alabu therapy mentioned in Ayurveda for Raktamokshan can be correlated with cupping which is a modified form of Shring and Alabu therapy. 
Cupping therapy is a traditional therapy used from an ancient era. A therapeutic Cupping treatment involves warming and placing cups on skin part of body for treatment. Cupping is thought to act mainly by increasing local blood circulation and relieving painful muscle tension. 
The objective of the following study is to study the effectiveness of cupping as a treatment for pain and to identify the possible mechanisms of action of cupping therapy from modern medicine perspective and offer possible explanation of its effects. Data is collected from Samhita, Reference Books and Published Articles.
â€˜Study of etiopathogenesis of 'akalaja jara' in females in modern timesâ€™
Authors: Walhe Shamal T.
Published: April 2021

Vaya, i.e. Age represents state of body depending upon the length of time that has passed since birth of a human being. Considering a total life-span of 100 years, Acharya Charaka and Sushruta has described old age after 60 years and 70 years respectively. According to Ayurveda, Jara is one of the Svabhavika Vyadhi. Jara or Vriddhavastha is the later stage of life when gradual declination of functions of physical and mental faculties gear up. Symptoms of Jara like greying of hair, wrinkles, flabbiness of muscles and joints, diminished vision and decreased intellectual functions start appearing in this stage. If these changes occur according to Kala i.e. time, it is called as 'Kalaja Jara' and if it occurs before Kala it is referred as 'Akalaja Jara'. Nowadays, it is observed that these symptoms are more prevalent in the Madhyama Vaya (middle age) in females significantly manifesting into Akalaja Jara i.e. early ageing. The present entitled â€˜Study of Etio-pathogenesis of 'Akalaja Jara' in Females in Modern Timesâ€™ was an observational study to identify and study potential factors that accelerate premature ageing in females with Ayurvedic perspective.
The present study was conducted to focus on the aetiological factors for 'Akalaja Jara' in females. In the study, 75 female patients, in three age groups (16 -27, 28 â€“ 39 and 40 â€“ 50 years of age), showing signs and symptoms of Jara as per Ayurvedic texts were enrolled to collect information regarding their Aahara and Vihara. Objective parameters like BMI and BMR were also recorded.
It was observed that incorrect modern lifestyle, dietary habits and mental stress play significant role in causation of Akalaja Jara in females. Early diagnosis would help them to take care of themselves and to follow measures described in Ayurveda to prolong ageing.
A Conceptual Review of Prameha in Framework of Brihat Trayi
Authors: Agrawal Deepali Jayesh
Published: April 2021

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a complex metabolic syndrome characterized by involvement of multiple body systems. It is caused due to absolute or relative insulin deficiency. The characteristic features of DM have close resemblance with different varieties of a disease named as Prameha in all Ayurveda texts. Acharya Charaka has mentioned Prameha / Madhumeha under Maharoga (major disease); as important body tissues (Dhatus) are vitiated. The disease, in which formation of urine and frequency of urination is more, is called as Prameha. All Doshas and Dooshyas get invariably vitiated in all types of Prameha. Only those which are vitiated in excess are specifically and separately described in a particular type of Prameha. The line of treatment for Prameha is dependent on various factors such as the Prakriti of the patient, Dosha dominance in disease, Dooshya vitiation, obstruction in Srotas, Manasika Prakriti, Ahara and Vihara, hereditary factors, etc. The Ayurvedic concept of management of Prameha emphasizes on dietary and lifestyle modifications for its prophylaxis and treatment.
Anatomical consideration of Urdhwa shakhagat avedhya sira.
Authors: Potewar Savita Marotrao
Published: April 2021

Sushruta samhita as the best one in sharira. Sushruta has explained anatomy of sira in Sharir sthana 7th chapter â€˜Siravarna Vibhakti Shariropkramâ€™. Sira is also one of the important structural concepts which are described by Acharya Sushruta. Siravedhan is an ancient method of treatment. Sushruta considered siravedhan as Chikitsardha i.e. half treatment of disease. Sushruta has mentioned specific sites for siravedhan as well as sites for Avedhya sira. Vedhan of Avedhya sira may cause severe harmful effect to body. Siravedhan is curative treatment in many diseases. So it becomes essential for siravedhan knowledge to find out the anatomical structure to which one can label as Avedhya sira and also to avoid complications due to puncture of Avedhya sira. Aim- To study Urdhwa shakhagat avedhya sira and its anatomical consideration. Conclusion- Avedhya sira are anatomical structures which are either deep vessels or vessels which can lead to harmful effects by puncturing them.
GERD an ayurvedic management : A review article
Authors: Pawar Ramesh , B. Gadve N.
Published: April 2021

GERD correlated with the disease Amlapitta, described in ayurveda. GERD occurs when digestive juices moves upward from the stomach in to the esophagus  causing Acid reflux. Lifestyle eating too late at night , spicy food , alcohol , smoking tobacco,  coffee , tea ,causes GERD. heartburn , regurgitation and difficulty swallowing are common symptoms seen in GERD. till date no satisfactory treatment is available for GERD with reflux esophagitis. In the present article an attempt has been made to emphasis on herbal option for GERD.
Preparation and Standardization of Jatyadi Ghrita Rectal Suppository
Authors: Nade Tejaswini Adappa
Published: April 2021

Jatyadi Ghrita is a very well known formulation used for wound healing, anorectal disorders like fissure, fistula or any chronic wound.  These wound healing properties of Jatyadi ghrita can be used in modern dosage form like suppository, suppositories are used to improve local effect of Jatyadi ghrita because of its easy application and minimum local discomfort. These suppositories are made by fusion or melt method by using cocoa butter as a base, and melted mixture of both are poured into molds and after cooling suppositories are collected from molds and stored in fridge. Temperatures plays major role in preparation of this fusion or melt method suppositories. An attempt has been made for preparation and standardization of Jatyadi ghrita suppositories. Standard Preparation method and Visual examination, melting point, liquefaction time of suppositories are studied under this project.
Critical Comparative Study of Ayurvedic & Jyotishiya Body Measurements (Pramana) & Its Impact on Health & Wellbeing
Authors: Waghe Subhash
Published: April 2021

â€˜Pramanaâ€™ is one of the body parameter which needs to be examined under â€˜Ayu laxanasâ€™ (body chararacteristics) for assessment of strength of the body as well as for futuristic outcome of health and wellbeing.  The Jyotish science is complimentary and contemporary to the Ayurvedic medical science. The principles of Jyotish science have been applied in Ayurvedic science at various places. The various body characteristics are described in â€˜Sharir Laxan Adhyayâ€™ and â€˜Ayurday Adhyayâ€™ of Ayurvedic and Jyotish science respectively. Acharya Charaka had described the â€˜Praman Parikshaâ€™ in the Vimansthana of his treatise â€˜Charak Samhitaâ€™ under â€˜Dashvidha Parikshaâ€™ whereas acharya Sushruta had described it in chapter 35 of sutrasthana of his tratise â€˜Sushrut Samhitaâ€™. These body characteristics are used to predict the future outcome of health, education, and career and socio economic status. Persons having proportionate body are endowed with long life span, strength, Oja, happiness, luxury, wealth and other desired things. In contrast to this persons having more or less proportionate body are devoid of above benefits. [C.Vi. 6/117 &S.Su. 35/14-15]. Literary review of literature related to Pramana is done to study it critically and comparatively from Ayurvedic and Jyotish science. Parmana has been categorized into high, moderate and low. Acharyas have mentioned not only the measurement of height of the body but of almost every part of the body. Any deviation from normal measurement indicates abnormality. The ancient measurements were in the form of â€˜Anguliâ€™ Pramana (finger measurement) which is now replaced by SI unit which is followed universally. Hence, all ancient unit is converted into moder SI unit in the present study. The â€˜Pramanaâ€™ influences the outcome of health and socio economic status. It is also essential to know whether â€˜Pramanaâ€™ influences the immunity of the patient immune. It is important to find out the rationale behind the forecast made by ancient acharyas based on â€˜Pramanaâ€™. Hence, there is a need to study the â€˜Pramanaâ€™ from both science point of view critically and comparatively. The critical comparison of Ayurvedic and Jyotish shastrokta, Pramana, in the observation showed marked similarities between the body mesurements and forecast regarding health and wellbeing. It is concluded that future outcome of health and wellbeing can very well be predicted from the assessment of Ayurvedokta Praman Pariksha. The persons having proportionate body are immune to the diseases and have good fortune.
A case study of dushta vrana treated with apamarga kshar with jatyadi taila pichu.
Authors: Hajari Shubham P.
Published: April 2021

The treatment and healing of Wounds are some of the oldest subjects discussed in the medical Literature. The same events, in the same order, occur in every healing process regardless of the tissue type or the inciting injury. Knowledge of Wound healing allows Surgeons to manipulate wounds to achieve optimal results in a short period. In Ayurveda non healing ulcer can be correlated with Dushta Vrana. Application of Kshar karma for shodhana and ropana of  Dushta Vrana is one among the Sixty upakramas of Vrana. Pratisaarniya Kshar is indicated for Dushta Vrana in Ksharpakavidhi Adhayaya (Sutrasthana chapter 11) of Sushruta Samhita. Kshar has chhedana (excision), Bhedana (incision), and Lekhana (scrapping) properties along with Tridoshhara (equilibrium of Vata, Pitta, Kapha) properties, thus considered as a good curative measure for local treatment of Dushta vrana. A case report of an open traumatic ulcer successfully treated by local application of Apamarga Kshar Pichu,Haridra,Jatyadi Taila has been presented here.
The effect of sindhooradi taila topically in pama with reference to scabies.
Authors: Kadam Umakant S.
Published: April 2021

Pama is described in kshudra kushtha as doshik predominace of pitta kapha. The symptoms like Kandu (pruritus), Pitika (papule formation), inflammation and Strawa (oozing) seen in Pama is analogous to the symptoms of eczema  which is seen in mild, moderate and aggravated form. Eczema, also known as dermatitis an inflammatory condition, provoked by a wide variety of stimuli i.e. direct injury from toxic chemicals, mechanical trauma and immunological reactions, is defined as distinctive reaction of the epidermis to a variety of agents, endogenous and exogenous; very common in the developed countries. In modern science, the management of Pama is not so effective and produce some undesirable effects as compared to conventional methods of treatment as mentioned in ayurveda. In this study, we were taken five patients having above symptoms and we apply externally them Sindhooradi taila at affected sites and reduction in symptoms was seen.
the STUDY OF STANA AS MATRUJA BHAVA WITH SPECAIL REFERENCE TO KULAJA VRITTA IN CASES OF BREAST CANCER
Authors: SHEKATKAR PASHMINA VIJAY
Published: April 2021

Garbha is the union of shukra and shonita, it is also called as shadbhavatmak garbha, i.e made up of matruja , pitruja , rasaja, satmyja, aatmyaja and satvaja Bhava. All soft organs are included in matruja bhava, hence we can consider Stana as matruja bhava. In this study,316 cases of breast cancer were staudied with respect to maternal and paternal history of breast cancer in which  81.8 % cases have positive maternal history. Therefore with this it can be said that Stana is considered as matruja bhava.
A Review on Ayurvedic perspective of Garbhini Chardi (Vomiting in pregnancy )management
Authors: Mali Balasaheb Ganpat
Published: April 2021

Garbhini Chardi is one among the 8 Garbhopdravas mentioned in Harita Samhitaas. Chardi is mentioned as a disease in all Samhitas. Chardi can be a Vyaktagarbha-Lakshana or a Vyadhi or Updrva in other disease. There is no separate chapter that explain about Garbhini Chardi in details.  Aacharya Sushruta explained Vyakta Garbha Lakshanas as vomiting without apparent cause, aversion from good smells, salivation and tiredness etc. Aacharya Charaka and Vagbhata also mentioned vomiting as Vyakta Garbha Lakshana. Aacharya Charaka has compared pregnant women with Taila Purna Patra which can spill of even by small disturbances hence seeking proper attention. Pregnancy vomiting should be treated by providing agreeable attendance and desired articles, in other words if the woman is given desired fruits, edibles, drinkables and lickables etc. She will not eject them, besides other management should be done considering relative dominance of different Doshas.
A Conceptual sutdy of vyan vayu w.s.r. to action potential
Authors: Metake Ajit Dattatray , Patil Mahesh , Patil Ashok
Published: April 2021

Aim of this study, is to correlate the ayurvedic concept of vyan vayu with action potential. Methods: analysis of vyan vayu according to ayurvedic literature and comparing or correlating it with generation and propagation of action potential with the help of modern science literature. Vyan vayu is type of vata who is responsible for rasa-rakta sanvahan & locomotion of human body.  Discussion: After analysing both ayurvedic and modern science literature the action of vyan vayu stated in ayurvedic texts can be correlated to development and propagation of action potential.  Conclusion: Vyan vayu is action potential. Development and propagation of action potential correlates with the functions and characteristics of vyan vayu.
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY TO UNDERSTAND THE PREVALENCE OF AAM LAKSHANA (SYMPTOMS OF AAM) IN VARIOUS DISEASES.
Authors: NAWKAR SHAILESH SAHADEO , NAWKAR MADHUMATI SHAILESH , GINODE ATUL GOVIND
Published: April 2021

Introduction â€“ Aam is unique concept in Ayurveda. Aam is important etiopathogenesis factor causing disease. One of the synonyms for disease is Aamay which is indicating the Aamodhbhav nature (originating from aam) of the disease. Thus, to find the correlation of Aam and the disease, this study was planned. Parallel prevalence of Aam symptoms were also traced in various diseases which are visiting to OPD, in day to day practice.
Methodology â€“ 80 patients of various diseases visiting to OPD were selected randomly irrespective of demographic variables. The 10 symptoms of Aam mentioned by Vagbhata were observed.
The samatva score was calculated. Occurrence of each Aam symptom in all patients were noted.
Discussion â€“ The samatva score was more than 50% is observed in 65% patients i.e. in 47 patients among 80.  As the nature Aam is guru, picchil, causing obstruction, 9 symptoms out of 10 were observed in more than that of 50% patients. The most prevalent symptom of Aam was Anilmoodhata.
Result â€“ There is positive correlation between samtva associated with disease. The most common observed symptoms of Aam were Anilmoodhata & balabhramsha and the least common was Nishthiv.
CLINICAL ASPECT OF VAYU AS â€œKARTA GARBHAKRUTINAMâ€ W. S. R TO MORPHOGENETIC FIELD
Authors: Yende Mohan , Bagate Sweta Kalmesh
Published: April 2021

In Ayurvedic embryology, various interesting concepts of conception, formation of zygote and foetus and various different organs and system formation are explained. Among that concept of cell division and differentiation in conscious foetus (Chetanayukt Garbha) is mentioned. The role of Panchmahabhutas and Tridoshas in the formation and development of Garbha is mentioned. Among them most important is â€œVayu â€which is responsible for cell division .Vayu is vital force which divides zygote into different limb buds and organs. Thus main function of â€œVataâ€œ is incomprehensible like formation of foetal shape. But perturbations in â€œVataâ€ is responsible for formation of various congenital anomalies i.e Garbhavikruti.
         In modern concepts of developmental biology, important area is â€œMorphogenetic fieldâ€. It was first introduced in 1910 by Alexander G. Gurwitsch. He analyzed the embryonic development of the sea urchin as a vector field, As it is the proliferation of cells into organs were brought about by putative external forces. It is the set of process that generates shape and form in the embryo. Morphogenetic movement is caused by large scale and dynamic movement of embryonic cell which is under control of Vata. Failures in any step of process can lead to birth defects.
      Ancient Acharyas have mentioned various measures under Garbhini Paricharya for pregnant women from first day of conception  till parturition. It restores the Vayu to its normal course and condition. Thus  it helps the  morphogenetic movement occur without any failure to have healthy foetus and progeny.Thus prevalence of congenital anamolies can be reduced by understanding Vayu as Garbhakrutinam ,Morphogenetic field and following Garbhini paricharya.
A CONCEPTUAL STUDY OF GULPHA MARMA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANKLE JOINT AND CONCEPT OF MARMA CHIKITSA
Authors: Wasu Isha Pradeep , Choudhari Vinod M
Published: April 2021

Aim- Study of Gulpha Marma and ankle joint. Objective- 1. Exact location of Gulpha Marma in limbs 2. Effect of injury to Gulpha Marma 3. Contemperory concept of Gulpha Marma and ankle joint 4. Concept of marma chikitsa in pain related to Gulpha Marma. Observation- Gulpha Marma is sandhi marma and rujakar marma. It is predominantly made up of sandhi i.e. the joint or components making the ankle joint. Injury to it causes stabhdata & khanjata. The location of Gulpha Marma is nothing but the joint between tibia, fibula and talus and other structures related to lateral aspect of ankle joint. Marma chikitsa gives tridosha triguna samanya as there is a site of prana at these points. This chikitsa acts as the pain reliever or preventional aspect of these vital sites or Marma. Conclusion- On dissection of ankle joint various structures were studied and were compared with Gulpha Marma. The injuries related to these marmaâ€™s can be studied under tendons, ligaments, vessels and bones. These can be considered as siravedhya and vatavyadhi and treated accordingly. Based upon the above observations and study we can conclude the exact location, effect of injury, relation with ankle joint of Gulpha Marma. 
Keywords- Marma, Gulpha Marma, Ankle Joint, Marma Chikitsa
Relation between kshudha (digestion) and oja (immunity) according to ayurveda
Authors: Ratnaparkhi Mayuri Ashok
Published: April 2021

Digestion is the most important process to maintain the health. A healthy digestive system is essential for well being because every digestive disorder is caused due to improper digestion. Agni plays important role in digestion. In ayurvedic text it is describe that balanced condition of agni is responsible for proper production of oja. Oja is the essence of all the dhatus which are produce from digested food. It plays important role in building our immunity. Immunity cannot be produced only with immunity booster product but also proper balanced diet habits are important. In ayurvedic text hunger is also described as one of the cause of ojakshya. Oja is important factor for good health and relaxed condition of body and mind. This oja is depending on condition of agni. This article tries to show the relation between proper digestion and oja according to ayurveda.