bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Materials for Orthodontic Interceptive Treatment in Primary to Late Mixed Dentition. A Retrospective Study Using Elastodontic Devices
Authors: Fichera Grazia , Martina Stefano , Palazzo Giuseppe , Musumeci Rosaria , Leonardi Rosalia , Isola Gaetano , Lo Giudice Antonino
Published: March 2021

The aim of this study was to assess the skeletal and dentoalveolar changes obtained after 1 year of treatment with elastodontic appliances (EA) in a retrospective cohort of children reporting early signs of malocclusion. Also, a detailed description of the tested EAs was reported. The study sample included 20 subjects, 8 males and 12 females, with a mean age of 8.4 ± 0.6 years, and a control group consisting of 20 subjects, 9 males and 11 females, with a mean age of 8.1 ± 0.8 years. All subjects in the treated group received the AMCOP second class (SC) (Ortho Protec, Bari, Italy) device. Digital impressions were taken along with a digital bite registration in centric relation before treatment (T0) and after 1 year (T1). Lateral cephalograms were also taken at T0 and T1 and cephalometric analysis was performed to assess the skeletal sagittal changes of the maxilla and the mandible (sella, nasion, A point angle, SNA^; sella, nasion, B point angle, SNB^; and A point–nasion–B point angle, ANB^) as well as the changes of the inter-incisors angle (IIA^). In the treated group, the distribution of subjects according to the presence of crowding and the pattern of malocclusion changed at T1. In the same group, there was an increase of subjects showing no signs of crowding and a class I occlusal relationship, while in the control group, there was a small increase of subjects developing dental crowding and featuring a worse sagittal relationship (class II) compared to pre-treatment condition. A statistically significant reduction of the overjet and overbite was recorded in the treated group between T0 and T1 (p < 0.05); in the control group, a slight increase in the overjet and overbite was detected at T1, being this increment significanct only for the latter parameter. In the tested group, no significant differences were found between SNA^ values detected at T0 and T1 (p > 0.05), instead the SNB^, ANB^, and IIA^ showed a significant increase after 1 year of treatment (p < 0.05). From a clinical perspective, all clinical goals were reached since patients showed remarkable improvements in overjet, overbite, crowding, and the sagittal molar relationship. Within the limitations of the present study, EAs could be effectively used for the interceptive orthodontic in growing patients.
Investigating the Efficacy of Adhesive Tape for Drilling Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymers
Authors: Prakash Chander , Pramanik Alokesh , Basak Animesh K. , Dong Yu , Debnath Sujan , Shankar Subramaniam , Singh Sunpreet , Wu Linda Yongling , Zheng Hongyu Y.
Published: March 2021

In the present research work, an effort has been made to explore the potential of using the adhesive tapes while drilling CFRPs. The input parameters, such as drill bit diameter, point angle, Scotch tape layers, spindle speed, and feed rate have been studied in response to thrust force, torque, circularity, diameter error, surface roughness, and delamination occurring during drilling. It has been found that the increase in point angle increased the delamination, while increase in Scotch tape layers reduced delamination. The surface roughness decreased with the increase in drill diameter and point angle, while it increased with the speed, feed rate, and tape layer. The best low roughness was obtained at 6 mm diameter, 130° point angle, 0.11 mm/rev feed rate, and 2250 rpm speed at three layers of Scotch tape. The circularity error initially increased with drill bit diameter and point angle, but then decreased sharply with further increase in the drill bit diameter. Further, the circularity error has non-linear behavior with the speed, feed rate, and tape layer. Low circularity error has been obtained at 4 mm diameter, 118° point angle, 0.1 mm/rev feed rate, and 2500 RPM speed at three layers of Scotch tape. The low diameter error has been obtained at 6 mm diameter, 130° point angle, 0.12 mm/rev feed rate, and 2500 rpm speed at three layer Scotch tape. From the optical micro-graphs of drilled holes, it has been found that the point angle is one of the most effective process parameters that significantly affects the delamination mechanism, followed by Scotch tape layers as compared to other parameters such as drill bit diameter, spindle speed, and feed rate.
Substituent-Adjusted Electrochromic Behavior of Symmetric Viologens
Authors: Zhang Qun , Yuan Li , Guan Fanglan , Li Xin , Wang Rui , Xu Jian , Qin Yanyan , Chen Guangming
Published: March 2021

As a promising electrochromic material, viologens have attracted increasing attention due to their high redox activity and adjustable electrochromic capability. In order to investigate the effect of alkyl substituents on electrochromic behavior, four alkyl-substituted viologens and a benzyl-substituted viologen were synthesized, namely 1,1′-dioctyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide (OV), 1,1′-didekyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide (DeV), 1,1′-didodecyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide (DoV), 1,1′-dihexadecyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide (HV), and 1,1′-dibenzyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dibromide (BV). The different photophysical and electrochemical properties of these viologens were attributed to their deviation in spatial structure caused by different substituents. Compared with benzyl-substituted BV, a slight blueshift occurred for the absorption peaks of alkyl-substituted viologens from 262 to 257 nm with the increase in alkyl chain length. Moreover, the first redox couple increased positively, and the dimerization of the compound decreased gradually, accompanied by the decrease in optical contrast and distinct chromatic difference. A comparison of chromatic and optical contrasts indicated that OV had the longest coloring response time (RTc), while it was shortest for HV. The bleaching response time (RTb) of viologen films gradually decreased with the alkyl chain length, and the OV film had the shortest RTb. Furthermore, when increasing the length of the alkyl chain, the cycling stabilities of alkyl viologens increased gradually. In addition, the OV film exhibited the best contrast after 200 continuous cycles.
Preliminary Analysis of Long-Term Performance of a Piping: Aging and Creep Effects
Authors: Cancemi Salvatore Angelo , Lo Frano Rosa
Published: March 2021

Combining global experience, comprehensive aging knowledge, and predictive methodologies provides ideal prerequisites for the long-term operation strategy (LTO) of a nuclear power plant (NPP). Applying management strategies with an understanding of the ways in which structures relevant for the plant safety perform and interact in their operating environments is of meaningful importance for operating the plant beyond its originally licensed service life. In performing aging studies on the nuclear systems, structure, and components (SSCs), the results are crucial for demonstrating the safety and reliability of the NPP beyond 30 years of nominal operation. In this study, the synergistic effect of a creep mechanism with the alteration suffered by piping material is analyzed by means of MSC©MARC finite element code. Nonlinear analyses were performed to calculate the effects of the long operational period on a primary pipe, assess its degradation, and determine its residual functionality. In these analyses, both homogeneous and inhomogeneous pipe wall thinning are considered, as well as the operating or expected thermal–mechanical loads. The obtained results indicate that thermo–mechanical loads are responsible for pipe deformation, which develops and increases as the transient progresses. Furthermore, an excessive (general or local) wall thinning may determine a dimensional change of the pipe, even causing bending or buckling.
Estimating Neural Network’s Performance with Bootstrap: A Tutorial
Authors: Michelucci Umberto , Venturini Francesca
Published: March 2021

Neural networks present characteristics where the results are strongly dependent on the training data, the weight initialisation, and the hyperparameters chosen. The determination of the distribution of a statistical estimator, as the Mean Squared Error (MSE) or the accuracy, is fundamental to evaluate the performance of a neural network model (NNM). For many machine learning models, as linear regression, it is possible to analytically obtain information as variance or confidence intervals on the results. Neural networks present the difficulty of not being analytically tractable due to their complexity. Therefore, it is impossible to easily estimate distributions of statistical estimators. When estimating the global performance of an NNM by estimating the MSE in a regression problem, for example, it is important to know the variance of the MSE. Bootstrap is one of the most important resampling techniques to estimate averages and variances, between other properties, of statistical estimators. In this tutorial, the application of resampling techniques (including bootstrap) to the evaluation of neural networks’ performance is explained from both a theoretical and practical point of view. The pseudo-code of the algorithms is provided to facilitate their implementation. Computational aspects, as the training time, are discussed, since resampling techniques always require simulations to be run many thousands of times and, therefore, are computationally intensive. A specific version of the bootstrap algorithm is presented that allows the estimation of the distribution of a statistical estimator when dealing with an NNM in a computationally effective way. Finally, algorithms are compared on both synthetically generated and real data to demonstrate their performance.
Does Every Calculation Formula Fit for All Types of Intraocular Lenses? Optimization of Constants for Tecnis ZA9003 and ZCB00 Is Necessary
Authors: Popov Ivajlo , Popova Veronika , Sekac Juraj , Krasnik Vladimir
Published: March 2021

Background and Objectives: To evaluate the performance of intraocular lenses (IOLs) using power calculation formulas on different types of IOL. Materials and Methods: 120 eyes and four IOL types (BioLine Yellow Accurate Aspheric IOL (i-Medical), TECNIS ZCB00, TECNIS ZA9003 (Johnson & Johnson) (3-piece IOL) and Softec HD (Lenstec)) were analyzed. The performance of Haigis, Barret Universal II and SKR-II formulas were compared between IOL types. The mean prediction error (ME) and mean absolute prediction error (MAE) were analyzed. Results: The overall percentage of eyes predicted within ±0.25 diopters (D) was 40.8% for Barret; 39.2% Haigis and 31.7% for SRK-II. Barret and Haigis had a significantly lower MAE than SRK-II (p < 0.05). The results differed among IOL types. The largest portion of eyes predicted within ±0.25 D was with the Barret formula in ZCB00 (33.3%) and ZA9003 (43.3%). Haigis was the most accurate in Softec HD (50%) and SRK-II in Biolline Yellow IOL (50%). ZCB00 showed a clinically significant hypermetropic ME compared to other IOLs. Conclusions: In general, Barret formulas had the best performance as a universal formula. However, the formula should be chosen according to the type of IOL in order to obtain the best results. Constant optimizations are necessary for the Tecnis IOL ZCB00 and ZA9003, as all of the analyzed formulas achieved a clinically significant poor performance in this type of IOL. ZCB00 also showed a hypermetropic shift in ME in all the formulas.
The Strain Rate Sensitivity and Creep Behavior for the Tripler Plane of Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate Crystal by Nanoindentation
Authors: Mao Jianhui , Liu Wenjun , Li Dongfang , Zhang Chenkai , Ma Yi
Published: March 2021

As an excellent multifunctional single crystal, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) is a well-known, difficult-to-process material for its soft-brittle and deliquescent nature. The surface mechanical properties are critical to the machining process; however, the characteristics of deformation behavior for KDP crystals have not been well studied. In this work, the strain rate effect on hardness was investigated on the mechanically polished tripler plane of a KDP crystal relying on nanoindentation technology. By increasing the strain rate from 0.001 to 0.1 s−1, hardness increased from 1.67 to 2.07 GPa. Hence, the strain rate sensitivity was determined as 0.053, and the activation volume of dislocation nucleation was 169 Å3. Based on the constant load-holding method, creep deformation was studied at various holding depths at room temperature. Under the spherical tip, creep deformation could be greatly enhanced with increasing holding depth, which was mainly due to the enlarged holding strain. Under the self-similar Berkovich indenter, creep strain could be reduced at a deeper location. Such an indentation size effect on creep deformation was firstly reported for KDP crystals. The strain rate sensitivity of the steady-state creep flow was estimated, and the creep mechanism was qualitatively discussed.
Comparative Toxicity of Fly Ash: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Rozhina Elvira , Ishmukhametov Ilnur , Nigamatzyanova Läysän , Akhatova Farida , Batasheva Svetlana , Taskaev Sergey , Montes Carlos , Lvov Yuri , Fakhrullin Rawil
Published: March 2021

Fly ash produced during coal combustion is one of the major sources of air and water pollution, but the data on the impact of micrometer-size fly ash particles on human cells is still incomplete. Fly ash samples were collected from several electric power stations in the United States (Rockdale, TX; Dolet Hill, Mansfield, LA; Rockport, IN; Muskogee, OK) and from a metallurgic plant located in the Russian Federation (Chelyabinsk Electro-Metallurgical Works OJSC). The particles were characterized using dynamic light scattering, atomic force, and hyperspectral microscopy. According to chemical composition, the fly ash studied was ferro-alumino-silicate mineral containing substantial quantities of Ca, Mg, and a negligible concentration of K, Na, Mn, and Sr. The toxicity of the fly ash microparticles was assessed in vitro using HeLa cells (human cervical cancer cells) and Jurkat cells (immortalized human T lymphocytes). Incubation of cells with different concentrations of fly ash resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in cell viability for all fly ash variants. The most prominent cytotoxic effect in HeLa cells was produced by the ash particles from Rockdale, while the least was produced by the fly ash from Chelyabinsk. In Jurkat cells, the lowest toxicity was observed for fly ash collected from Rockport, Dolet Hill and Muscogee plants. The fly ash from Rockdale and Chelyabinsk induced DNA damage in HeLa cells, as revealed by the single cell electrophoresis, and disrupted the normal nuclear morphology. The interaction of fly ash microparticles of different origins with cells was visualized using dark-field microscopy and hyperspectral imaging. The size of ash particles appeared to be an important determinant of their toxicity, and the smallest fly ash particles from Chelyabinsk turned out to be the most cytotoxic to Jukart cells and the most genotoxic to HeLa cells.
New Nitro-Laterally Substituted Azomethine Derivatives; Synthesis, Mesomorphic and Computational Characterizations
Authors: El-atawy Mohamed A. , Naoum Magdi M. , Al-Zahrani Salma A. , Ahmed Hoda A.
Published: March 2021

Two new homologues series, based on two rings of the azomethine central group bearing the terminal alkoxy group of various chain lengths, were prepared. The alkoxy chain length varied between 6 and 16 carbons. The other terminal wing in the first series was the F atom, and the compound is named N-4-florobenzylidene-4-(alkoxy)benzenamine (In). The second group of compounds included a lateral NO2 substituent in addition to the terminal F atom, named N-(4-fluoro-3-nitrobenzylidene)-4-(alkyloxy)aniline (IIn). Mesomorphic and optical properties were carried out via differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). Elemental analyses, FT-IR, and NMR spectroscopy were carried out to elucidate the molecular structures of the synthesized groups. Mesomorphic investigations indicated that all the synthesized homologues (In) were monomorphic, possessing the smectic A (SmA) phase monotropically, while the second group (IIn) members were non-mesomorphic. The experimental data indicated that the formation of the mesophase is affected by the protrusion of the lateral nitro group. The disruption of the mesophase in the second group was attributed to the increase of its molecular width, which affects its lateral intermolecular interactions. The computational simulations were in agreement with the experimental data. On the other hand, the location of NO2 group within the molecular geometry increased the melting temperature of the molecule, and thus, affected their thermal and physical properties. By discussing the estimated parameters, it was found that the molecular architecture, the dipole moment, and the polarizability of the investigated compounds are highly affected by the electronic nature and position of the terminal and lateral substituents as well as their volumes.
Preconceptional Resveratrol Supplementation Partially Counteracts Age-Related Reproductive Complications in C57BL/6J Female Mice
Authors: Ziętek Marta , Barłowska Katarzyna , Wijas Barbara , Szablisty Ewa , Atanasov Atanas G. , Modliński Jacek A. , Świergiel Artur H. , Sampino Silvestre
Published: March 2021

Aging is associated with a drastic decline in fertility/fecundity and with an increased risk of pregnancy complications. Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic compound, has shown anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in both human and animal models, thus representing a potential therapeutic and prophylactic anti-aging supplement. Here, we investigated whether preconceptional resveratrol supplementation improved reproductive outcomes in mid-aged (8-month-old) and old (12-month-old) C57BL/6J female mice. Female siblings were cohoused and assigned to either RES or vehicle supplementation to drinking water for 10 consecutive weeks. Subsequently, females were mated with non-supplemented males and their pregnancy outcomes were monitored. RES improved mating success in old, but not in mid-aged females, and prevented the occurrence of delivery complications in the latter. These results indicate that preconceptional RES supplementation could partially improve age-related reproductive complications, but it was not sufficient to restore fecundity in female mice at a very advanced age.
Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction and Purification of Flavonoids from Pinus koraiensis Nut-Coated Film and Antioxidant Activity Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Mingyan , Ma Wuchao , Wang Chao , Yang Ximing , Lou Yuhang , Xia Xinxiu , Xu Hongyan
Published: March 2021

Pinus koraiensis nut-coated film is a kind of by-product of nut processing, which has been shown to contain flavonoids, polyphenols, and other substances that can be used to produce natural antioxidant extracts. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the extraction process of flavonoids of P. koraiensis nut-coated film (PNF), and macroporous resin HPD600 was used to purify PNF (P-PNF). Its antioxidant activity was examined by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging capacity, oxygen free radical absorption capacity (ORAC), total oxygen radical capture (TRAP), and iron ion reduction capacity. Under the ideal extraction conditions comprising a cellulase dosage of 90 U/g, a material/liquid ratio of 1:20 (g/mL), and an extraction time of 2 h, the PNF yield was 3.37%. Purification conditions were sample concentration of 2.0 mg/mL, pH of 5, water washing volume of 3 bed volume (BV), eluent ethanol concentration of 50%, and volume of 2 BV. The P-PNF recovery was 84.32%, and purity increased from 33.80% to 61.70%. Additionally, P-PNF showed increased antioxidant activity compared to PNF. Cumulatively, this study obtained the optimal values for the process parameters in order to achieve the maximum rates of extraction of PNF for economically optimal production at an industrial scale.
Synthesis and Rational Design of New Appended 1,2,3-Triazole-uracil Ensembles as Promising Anti-Tumor Agents via In Silico VEGFR-2 Transferase Inhibition
Authors: Reddy Nadipolla Naresh , Hung Sung-Jen , Swamy Merugu Kumara , Sanjeev Ananthula , Rao Vankadari Srinivasa , Rohini Rondla , Raju Atcha Krishnam , Bhaskar Kuthati , Hu Anren , Reddy Puchakayala Muralidhar
Published: March 2021

Angiogenesis inhibition is a key step towards the designing of new chemotherapeutic agents. In a view to preparing new molecular entities for cancer treatment, eighteen 1,2,3-triazole-uracil ensembles 5a–r were designed and synthesized via the click reaction. The ligands were well characterized using 1H-, 13C-NMR, elemental analysis and ESI-mass spectrometry. The in silico binding propinquities of the ligands were studied sequentially in the active region of VEGFR-2 using the Molegro virtual docker. All the compounds produced remarkable interactions and potentially inhibitory ligands against VEGFR-2 were obtained with high negative binding energies. Drug-likeness was assessed from the ADME properties. Cytotoxicity of the test compounds was measured against HeLa and HUH-7 tumor cells and NIH/3T3 normal cells by MTT assay. Compound 5h showed higher growth inhibition activity than the positive control, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), against both HeLa and HUH-7 cells with IC50 values of 4.5 and 7.7 μM respectively. Interestingly, the compounds 5a–r did not show any cytotoxicity towards the normal cell lines. The results advance the position of substituted triazoles in the area of drug design with no ambiguity.
The Relationship between the Morphology and Elasticity of Natural Rubber Foam Based on the Concentration of the Chemical Blowing Agent
Authors: Suethao Supitta , Phongphanphanee Saree , Wong-ekkabut Jirasak , Smitthipong Wirasak
Published: March 2021

Concentrated natural latex was used to produce a rubber foam that is porous, elastic and well ventilated. The mechanical properties can be either soft or firm, depending on the formulation of the latex used. Briefly, concentrated natural latex was mixed with chemical agents to make the rubber foam on a laboratory scale using the Dunlop process. In this work, we changed the concentration of the chemical blowing agent in the latex. The morphological properties of the rubber foam were characterised using scanning electron microscopy, and the mechanical properties, or elasticity, were studied using compression experiments and the Mooney–Rivlin calculation. The results show that the concentration of the chemical blowing agent affects the morphological properties of the rubber foam but not the mechanical properties, indicating the heterogeneous structure of the rubber foam. The thermodynamic parameters (∆G and ∆S) and the internal energy force per compression force (Fu/F) of the rubber foam with various amounts of chemical blowing agent were also investigated. This study could be applied in the foam industry, particularly for pillow, mattress and insulation materials, as the present work shows the possible novel control of the morphological structure of the rubber foam without changing its mechanical properties. The difference in cell sizes could affect the airflow in rubber foam.
Crédito rural e desmatamento provocado pela pecuária: evidências para o Brasil
Authors:   , Silva Felipe Morelli da
Published: March 2021

O Sistema Nacional de Crédito Rural (SNCR) influencia a pecuária brasileira de diversas formas. Ele pode estimular a industrialização, a comercialização ou mesmo adoção de técnicas mais produtivas. O que se propõe neste trabalho é utilizar estimativas empíricas para identificar se a forma como o SNCR está estruturado tem alguma relação com o nível de desmatamento no país. Utilizando informações sobre 5.007 municípios brasileiros entre os anos de 2013 e 2018, e focando apenas na atividade pecuária, conclui-se que a forma de distribuição dos recursos (investimento, custeio, comercialização e industrialização) afeta o desmatamento para formação de pastagem. Os valores destinados à pecuária familiar estão correlacionados negativamente com o desmatamento, assim como a possibilidade de fiscalização do emprego dos recursos. Também conclui-se que, quanto maior o nível de preço para o boi gordo, maior a expectativa de desmatamento. Por fim, variáveis fixas como ’distância até centros comerciais’ e ’aptidão do solo’ também se mostraram positivamente correlacionadas com o desmatamento para atividade pecuária nos municípios.
Desenvolvimento e validação de um aplicativo móvel de suporte básico de vida para estudantes de graduação em enfermagem
Authors:   , Motta Daniela de Souza
Published: March 2021

A mudança do perfil de morbidade e mortalidade da população estão relacionadas a um aumento das crônicas não transmissíveis. Estas são responsáveis pela maioria das causas de morte no país, com destaque para as doenças cardiovasculares. A parada cardiorrespiratória, muitas vezes, está associada às isquemias cardíacas, sendo desejável que os profissionais de saúde saibam identificar os sintomas e sejam capazes de realizarem as manobras de ressuscitação cardiopulmonar, com compressões e ventilações efetivas. Considerando o suporte básico de vida como ações sequenciais e protocolares a serem tomadas durante o atendimento primário à vítima, justifica-se a criação e validação de um aplicativo para mediar o ensino da temática. O objetivo do estudo foi desenvolver e validar um aplicativo multimídia em plataforma móvel para o ensino de SBV para estudantes de graduação em enfermagem/saúde. Trata-se de uma pesquisa aplicada, na modalidade de produção tecnológica, em que o processo de produção será baseado no Design Instrucional Contextualizado, seguindo as etapas de análise, desenho (design), desenvolvimento, implementação e avaliação. Para a versão do aplicativo, 23 especialistas receberam convite para avaliar o aplicativo, considerando os aspectos educacionais, os recursos didáticos e a interface do ambiente virtual. Nesse sentido, foram avaliados: relevância do tema; clareza dos conceitos; coerência dos conteúdos; quantidade de informação; apresentação das imagens/vídeos/interfaces de conexões (links); validade das informações; navegabilidade; acessibilidade e design das telas. Para análise da avaliação dos especialistas foi aplicada o Índice de Validade Conteúdo. O aplicativo recebeu o nome de SBVida e foi desenvolvido para dispositivos móveis como smartphones e tablets, para uso on-line, na plataforma Android, disponibilizado de forma gratuita para download na Google Play Store. Participaram da avaliação 11 especialistas e o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo geral para o aplicativo e suas interfaces foi 0,89. O móvel SBVida poderá ser um aliado dos conteúdos ministrados na graduação, tendo em vista a possibilidade de mediar o conhecimento, trazendo autonomia de aprendizagem aos alunos que o utilizarem.
Nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas contendo óleo essencial de Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel como plataforma inovadora no tratamento da candidíase orofaríngea
Authors:   , Gonçalves Hanny Reis Mockdeci
Published: March 2021

Espécies do gênero Candida spp. são frequentemente encontradas na microbiota bucal vivendo de forma comensal; mas podem mudar para o estado patogênico e gerar candidíase orofaríngea, que pode evoluir para candidemia. Apesar da importância clínica e epidemiológica dessas infecções, as opções terapêuticas são limitadas, o que tem estimulado a busca por novos medicamentos, dentre eles os de origem vegetal e o emprego da nanotecnologia como estratégia tecnológica. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver uma plataforma inovadora para o tratamento da candidíase orofaríngea, constituída por um hidrogel contendo o óleo de Melaleuca alternifolia Cheel (OM) encapsulado em nanopartículas lipídicas sólidas (NLS). A composição química do óleo foi avaliada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. As NLS foram caracterizadas em relação ao tamanho hidrodinâmico médio das partículas (TP), índice de polidispersividade (PdI), potencial Zeta (PZ), eficiência de encapsulação (EE), morfologia, estabilidade, potencial antioxidante e citotoxicidade in vitro em linhagem celular de fibroblastos murinos (L929). As NLS contendo OM (OM-NLS) foram incorporadas em hidrogel e, em seguida, verificou-se a atividade antifúngica frente a leveduras padrão de C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei e C. guilliermondii. Por fim, a permeação ex vivo do OM a partir do hidrogel, utilizando mucosa jugal suína foi analisada. Foram identificados treze constituintes no OM, cuja composição percentual atendeu aos padrões descritos pela ISO 4730: 2017. Quanto à caracterização das OM-NLS, os valores para TP, PdI e PZ foram 135,9 ± 6,65; 0,19 ± 0,04 e -31,07 ± 1,05, respectivamente. As OM-NLS mostraram uma EE de 92,74% ± 0,012% e revelaram uma forma esférica. Além disso, a atividade antioxidante variou de 14,1% a 17,2% e foi encontrado efeito citotóxico contra a linhagem celular L929 (IC50 = 77,4 µg/mL). Por pelo menos 120 dias, não foram observadas mudanças significativas nos valores da média de TP e PdI para OM-NLS, e o hidrogel contendo OM-NLS permaneceu estável por minimamente 30 dias, ambos sob refrigeração. OM-NLS e hidrogel contendo OM-NLS exibiram efeito fungicida (concentração fungicida mínima variou entre 5,60 e 11,20 mg/mL; e 5,53 e 11,06 mg/mL, respectivamente); e permeação transmucosa (70,52% ± 3,85%). Concluiu-se que o hidrogel contendo OM-NLS apresentou efeito fungicida superando o OM, estabilidade durante o período de avaliação e foi permeável pela mucosa jugal suína, podendo ser, portanto um sistema de entrega promissor na candidíase orofaríngea.
Результаты обследования колоний морских птиц восточной части Тауйской губы (Охотское море)
Authors:   Institute of Biological Problems of the North, FEB RAS, Magadan, Zelenskaya L. A.
Published: March 2021

The results of the sea bird colonies census in the eastern part on the coast of the Tauy Bay, Zavyalov Island, and the Koni Peninsula are presented and discussed. Recent census allows to assess changes in nesting colonies of seabirds that occurred over the past 10-15 years. Total number of nesting seabirds is estimated as more than 92 thousand individuals. Gradual decrease in the number of seabirds colonies was observed on the west coast of the Koni peninsula. The great bulk of seabirds nesting in here is concentrated around Cape Bligan - 11,1 thousand individuals and on Cape Skalisty - 7.5 thousand individuals. Recovery of the colony of murres was recorded. On Cape Skalisty, after almost 30-year absence, and the number of murres quickly grows here. The number of breeding seabirds on Umara Island has remained stable for the last 10 years and is estimated as 60.2 thousand individuals. The total number of breeding seabirds along the surveyed part of the continental coast has decreased from 41.7 thousand individuals to 30.2 thousand in 2009-2019.
Эмбриональное и раннее личиночное развитие бурого терпуга Hexagrammos octogrammus (Scorpeniformes: Hexagrammidae) северной части Охотского моря
Authors:   Institute of Biological Problems of the North, FEB RAS, Magadan, Yusupov R. R. , Yusupov Rus. R. ,   Institute of Biological Problems of the North, FEB RAS, Magadan
Published: March 2021

The roe of Hexagrammos octogrammus from of the Northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk was incubated in an experiment. A detailed description of the morphology of the species development, from fertilization of eggs to the fry transition to external nutrition, accompanied by microphotographs of eggs and larvae fry in vivo, is given. It was established that the fertilized eggs of H. octogrammus from the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk are 1.75 mm in diameter with fluctuations of 1.61-1.98 mm. Hatching of embryos occurs after 33.5 days of incubation at an average temperature of 11.5°C. Hatched yolk fry is 7.78 mm (7.15-8.06 mm) of TL (Total length) and 7.39 mm (6.83-7.68 mm) of SL (Standard length). Upon reaching TL of 8.74 mm (8.14-9.26 mm) and SL of 8.21 mm (7.63-8.86 mm), the fry switch to external feeding. The regional features of the masked greenling pigmentation in early ontogenesis are revealed.
Dynamic Colloidal Photonic Crystal Hydrogels with Self-Recovery and Injectability
Authors: Ma Yue , He Peiyan , Xie Wanli , Zhang Qiang , Yin Weiling , Pan Jianming , Wang Miao , Zhao Xin , Pan Guoqing
Published: March 2021

Simulation of self-recovery and diversity of natural photonic crystal (PC) structures remain great challenges for artificial PC materials. Motivated by the dynamic characteristics of PC nanostructures, here, we present a new strategy for the design of hydrogel-based artificial PC materials with reversible interactions in the periodic nanostructures. The dynamic PC hydrogels, derived from self-assembled microgel colloidal crystals, were tactfully constructed by reversible crosslinking of adjacent microgels in the ordered structure via phenylboronate covalent chemistry. As proof of concept, three types of dynamic colloidal PC hydrogels with different structural colors were prepared. All the hydrogels showed perfect self-healing ability against physical damage. Moreover, dynamic crosslinking within the microgel crystals enabled shear-thinning injection of the PC hydrogels through a syringe (indicating injectability or printability), followed by rapid recovery of the structural colors. In short, in addition to the great significance in biomimicry of self-healing function of natural PC materials, our work provides a facile strategy for the construction of diversified artificial PC materials for different applications such as chem-/biosensing, counterfeit prevention, optical display, and energy conversion.
Kentsel Katı Atıkların Geri Kazanım Potansiyelinin Araştırılması; Karaman Örneği
Authors: ARGUN Yusuf Alparslan , BİLGİN Melayib
Published: March 2021

Toplumlardaki tüketim alışkanlıklarının değişen teknoloji ve refah seviyesi beklentilerinin her geçen gün değişmesi ile birlikte artmaktadır. Bu teknolojik gelişmeler ve rahat yaşam beklentileri üretilen ürünü ve miktarını arttırmaktadır. Bu da doğal kaynakların tüketim hızını doğrudan etkilemektedir. Ayrıca tüketim sonucunda oluşan atıklarda çevre sağlığı ve doğal kaynaklar açısından sorun oluşturmaktadır. Bu minvalde bakıldığında hem yeni ürün üretimi için doğal kaynak kullanımını azaltmak hem de tüketim sonucu oluşan atıkların çevresel etkilerini en aza indirmek için geri kazanım kaçınılmaz bir durumdur. Bu çalışmada Karaman’da oluşan kentsel katı atıkların kompost ve geri dönüşüm kapsamında değerlendirilme potansiyelleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, Karaman iline ait yıllık 68270 ton kentsel katı atık oluştuğu belirlenmiştir. Bunun %45,08’ini mutfak atıkları, %3,41’ni park ve bahçe atıkları ve %30,36’sını da geri dönüşebilir atıklar oluşturmaktadır. Karaman genelinde lisanslı tesis tarafından toplanan ambalaj atık miktarı günlük ortalama 10380kg olup, oluşan katı atıkların %5,6’sına tekabül etmektedir. Toplanan ambalaj atığı miktarının geri dönüşebilir atık miktarına oranı ise %18,6’dır. Karaman ilinde 1000 L/hafta kapasiteye sahip 7 adet otomatik kompost makinesi mevcut olup kompostlaştırma işlemi aktif olarak yapılmamaktadır. Sonuç olarak Karaman ilinin geri kazanım potansiyeli ciddiye alınması gereken bir değere sahip olup sıfır atık ilkelerine uygun bir şekilde yönetilmesi gerekmektedir.
Factors Influencing MCI Preparedness of Paramedic in XYZ Industrial City
Authors: Sulistyadi Kohar , Ramli Soehatman , Uddin Saiful
Published: March 2021

Abstract
Mass casualty incident (MCI) in industrial area is a definite threat that can result in environmental damage and loss of property and life. The causes of MCI can range from traffic accidents, industrial accidents, fires, toxic gases and terrorism. Paramedics, along with others emergency response team is among the first to reach at the incident scene to provide aid. Preparation is vital in ensuring that the response is fast, effective and efficient. The objective of the study is to analyze the relationship between knowledge, skills, attitudes and training on MCI Preparedness of paramedic in the XYZ Industrial city. Methodology of this paper is quantitative descriptive with cross sectional approach, while data analysis used the partial least square-structural equation model (PLS-SEM). 108 paramedics in XYZ industrial city involved and completed the survey. The research consist 5 latent variable models with 31 indicator variables. Data retrieval use a direct-share questionnaire. The result from data analysis revealed there is a positive and significant relationship between knowledge, skills, attitudes and training on MCI preparedness at t-value<1.96. Meanwhile, Skill has the most influence on MCI preparedness. Paramedics in the XYZ industrial city have the knowledge, skills, attitudes, training and preparedness that are in the "high category". Exogenous variables; knowledge, skills, attitudes and training explain 65.8% of the preparedness (endogenous variables). Continual commitment from paramedics and management is needed to maintain and enhance preparedness, knowledge, skills, attitudes and training in order to provide better medical emergency services.
Keywords: PLS-SEM, MCI, preparedness, paramedics, industrial city.
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Beberapa Varietas Kubis Bunga (Brassica oleraceae L.) pada Berbagai Umur Bibit di Lahan Kering Dataran Rendah
Authors: Nurbangun Sandi , Supriadi Devie Rienzani
Published: March 2021

There are several factors that cause the production of flower cabbage fluctuate, including the cultivation system, the selection of varieties, as well as the determination of lip age. This study aims to obtain a combination of the age of seedlings and several varieties of flower cabbage (Brassica oleraceae L.). This research was conducted in the experimental land of the Faculty of Agriculture, Singaperbangsa Karawang University located in Pasirjengkol Village, Majalaya District, Karawang Regency, West Java Province. The research site was located at an elevation of 40 meters above sea level, in July – October 2020. The research method used is the experimental method and the experimental design used is a single-factor RandomIzed Design (RAK) with 8 combinations of treatments and repeated 4 times, so that there are 32 plots of experiments. The data were analyzed using variety analysis and advanced tests with multiple distance DMRT tests at a rate of 5%. The results of the study of a combination of the life of seedlings and some varieties of flower cabbage exerted a noticeable influence on the growth components (height of the plant and the number of leaves), as well as the yield components (the weight of flowers per plant, the wet weight of the header and the wet weight of the roots of the plant). In combination with the age of seedlings 21 days after seedlings (HSS) with varieties of flower cabbage PM 126 F1 gives the highest yield on crop weight of 22.46 grams / plant.
Manfaat Pelepah Sebagai Sumber Bahan Organik Pada Media Tanam Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Ariyanti Mira
Published: March 2021

Palm midrib is a part of the oil palm plant that is pruned with a specific pruning cycle in oil palm plantations. The pruned oil palm midribs are usually only piled around dead wicket of oil palm as a mulch which will naturally decompose. It takes a long time for the palm midrib mulch to be decomposed completely. If not managed properly, oil palm midribs mulch can become garden waste, therefore a good handling method is needed, for example by making it as compost. The use of oil palm midribs as compost is associated with both macro and micro nutrient content and the presence of certain growth hormones. Oil palm midrib compost can be used as a compost mix for planting media in oil palm nurseries and as a measure to make inorganic fertilizers more efficient. In addition, during the immature plants, compost of oil palm midribs can also be applied together with various mixtures such as humic acid and biological fertilizers. Oil palm midrib compost as part of the plant is alleged to be the best source of organic material for meeting plant nutrient needs.
Faktor Kelembagaan, Sosial Ekonomi Dan Penerapan (Adopsi) Teknologi Terhadap Keberhasilan Usahatani Kopi Arabika Java Preanger
Authors: Dasipah Euis , Sukmawati Dety , Faturachman Dian Purwadi
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine and study "Institutional Farmers, Socio-economic and Technological Adoption of the Success of Java Preanger Arabica Coffee Farming (Survey of Coffee Farmers in Rancakalong District, Sumedang Regency)". Descriptive Analysis research method, with the research variables consisting of two independent variables namely, farmer institutions and farmers' socio-economic, and two Bound Variables namely Application of technology and success of coffee farming. The study population numbered 110, with a sample of 86 people, simple random sampling. / Simple random sampling, every subject in the population has the same chance of being selected as a sample. Main Hypothesis Testing Results indicate that farmer institutions, farmer socio-economics and application of technology Influence the success of coffee farming, the results of the Hypothesis Sub-tests are; (1) farmer institution influences the success of coffee farming in Rancakalong District, Sumedang Regency, (2) farmer socioeconomic influences on the success of coffee farming in Rancakalong District Sumedang Regency and the application of technology influences the success of coffee farming in Rancakalong District Sumedang Regency, (3) There is The relationship between farmer institutions and socio-economics in Rancakalong District, Sumedang Regency. Farmer institutionalization, farmer socio-economic condition and simultaneous application of technology have a positive effect on the success of coffee farming in Rancakalong Subdistrict, but when compared to the influence of all variables, the Farmer Institution has a smaller effect. While the cause of the influence of X2 is higher than X1, because the dynamics of farmer groups are common everywhere and at any time and are usually more directly related to how to improve farming yields so that the interaction is stronger. Considering the various limitations in this study, it needs to be followed up more broadly and deeply, so that it can provide more comprehensive benefits and look at other factors that influence the success of coffee farming.
Erleichterung und Sorge, Hoffnung und Angst – der Weg zur Diagnosestellung einer SLC16A2-Mutation
Authors: Lämmle Alexander , Schaller André , Rusca Nicola , Kurth Sandra , Salvisberg Claudia , Fuhrer Kradolfer Katharina , Wyder Corinne
Published: March 2021

An unserer Klinik im Kinderspital wurde innerhalb eines Jahres bei drei männlichen Patienten dieselbe, äusserst seltene genetische Krankheit diagnostiziert. Zufall? Oder ist diese erst seit 2003 molekulargenetisch charakterisierte Krankheit eventuell gar nicht so selten wie allgemein angenommen? Seltene Krankheiten werden oft lange nicht erkannt, d.h. sie sind generell unterdiagnostiziert und die Inzidenz wird tendenziell unterschätzt. Die Leidtragenden sind in erster Linie die betroffenen Patienteninnen und Patienten und deren Angehörige. In diesem Artikel ist es uns in erster Linie ein Anliegen aufzuzeigen, mit welchen Herausforderungen Menschen mit seltenen Krankheiten konfrontiert sind, welche Erfahrungen ihren Alltag prägen und wie wir, das Helfersystem, die bestmögliche Unterstützung sein können. Wir wollen den direkt Betroffenen auch das Wort geben. Mit den Eltern der erkrankten Kinder wurden Interviews mit mehrheitlich sehr persönlichen Fragen geführt.
Interdisziplinarität bei seltenen Krankheiten diskutiert anhand des kyphoskoliotischen Ehlers-Danlos-Syndroms
Authors: Link Bianca , Dreher Thomas , Farshad Mazda , Henze Oxenius Georg , Möller Alexander , Oxenius Angela , Padden Beth , Schlüer Anna-Barbara , Schmid Kevin , Schmugge Liner Markus , Schubert Martin , Baumgartner Matthias , Rohrbach Marianne
Published: March 2021

Bindegewebskrankheiten oder klassische Stoffwechselkrankheiten gehören zu den seltenen Krankheiten und sind in der Regel Multisystemerkrankungen. Beide Krankheitsgruppen werden am Kinderspital Zürich inter- und multidisziplinär betreut. Im Folgenden wird anhand konkreter Problemstellungen des kyphoskoliotischen Ehlers-Danlos-Syndroms (kEDS) die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit am Kinderspital Zürich und an der Universitätsklinik Balgrist beschrieben und diskutiert.
Leitlinie zur Prävention und Therapie der Hypoglykämie bei Neugeborenen ab 35+0 Schwangerschaftswochen auf der Wochenbettstation
Authors: Schulzke Sven , Das-Kundu Seema , Fontijn Jehudith , Mönkhoff Marion , Neumann Roland , Szinnai Gabor
Published: March 2021

Ziel dieser Leitlinie ist es, Empfehlungen für die Prophylaxe und Therapie der Hypoglykämie bei Neugeborenen ab 35+0 Schwangerschaftswochen (SSW) im Gebärsaal und auf der Wochenbettstation zu geben. Dies entspricht Stationen der neonatologischen Basisversorgung Level I gemäss der Kommission zur Akkreditierung neonatologischer Stationen (CANU) der Schweizerischen Gesellschaft für Neonatologie (SGN)1). Diese Leitlinie beinhaltet nicht die Behandlung von Frühgeborenen < 35 SSW und kranken Termingeborenen, die in eine Neonatologie der Stufe IIa, IIb oder III gemäss CANU gehören1).
Betreuung von Kindern mit Achondroplasie
Authors: Thimmesch Matthieu , Bouchain Olivier , Schröder Silvia , Henrotaux Adrienne , Lebrun Frédéric
Published: March 2021

Die Achondroplasie ist die häufigste genetische Skelettdysplasie und beruht auf einer Mutation des FGFR3-kodierenden Gens. Die Diagnose wird manchmal vorgeburtlich gestellt. Meistens wird die Achondroplasie aber bei der Geburt oder während den ersten Lebensmonaten aufgrund charakteristischer dysmorpher Zeichen, wie die proximale Verkürzung der oberen und unteren Extremitäten, vermutet. Komplikationen sind häufig und müssen frühzeitig erkannt werden. Die Patienten haben ein erhöhtes Risiko für obstruktive Schlafapnoen und plötzlichen Kindstod. Aus neurologischer Sicht besteht das Risiko, eine Stenose des Spinalkanals verbunden mit zentralen Apnoen und einen Hydrocephalus zu entwickeln. Orthopädische Komplikationen betreffen vor allem die Wirbelsäule und die Gelenke. Die Betreuung muss multidisziplinär erfolgen. Wir beschreiben in diesem Artikel einen klinischen Fall und anschliessend die gesamte Betreuung.
Features of phantom-simulation training in the discipline “Orthopedic Dentistry” at the stage of postgraduate education
Authors: Nikonov A. , Breslaviec N.
Published: March 2021

The article describes in detail the importance of simulation training in the training and advanced training of dentists, in particular, orthopedic dentists. The goals and principles of using stimulant simulators for learning practical skills and new technologies are described. The importance of maximum closeness to the real working conditions of the doctor with absolute safety for the patient’s health is emphasized.
Retention capacity of maltodextrin antioxidants in cranberry juice by spray drying process
Authors: Saavedra-Leos María Zenaida , Silva-Cázares Macrina Beatriz , Terrones-Gurrola María Cruz del Rocío , González-Trevizo Cynthia Lizeth
Published: March 2021

A group of four maltodextrins with different degrees of dextrose equivalent (DE) was used as carriers for the spray drying of cranberry juice, with the objective of evaluating the effect of drying temperature, DE grade and concentration of maltodextrin on the performance of cranberry juice powder and the ability to retain antioxidants. For this purpose, the conditions of the spray drying process were: inlet air temperature: 170-210° C, maltodextrin type (Mc, M10, M20 and M40) and maltodextrin concentration: 10-30% w/w. The different powders obtained from the spray drying process were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the quantification of antioxidants (resveratrol and quercetin). The analysis of the data was carried out from a design of D-Optimal experiments. The results of the analysis showed that the highest yield of cranberry juice powder is achieved by using 30% w/w of M10 at a drying temperature of 193 °C. Such conditions allowed a retention of antioxidants in the powder of 20% and 30% of resveratrol and quercetin, respectively.