bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK MELALUI PERMAINAN BAKIAK DI KELOMPOK B KB NURUL YAQIN WRINGIN ANOM ASEMBAGUS SITUBONDO
Authors: Islamiyah Lailatul , Suyanti Suyanti
Published: September 2020

The emotional social development of children is important to develop due to their self-confidence, independence and initiative. Children's emotional social development can be developed through clogs. The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation and results of clogs in an effort to improve children's social emotional. The type of research used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) on group B students at KB Nurul Yaqin Wringin Anom Asembagus Situbondo. The study was conducted in a cycle, which is each cycle consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection with the aim to improve the quality of learning in the classroom. Based on the results of the study, namely the implementation of clogs to improve children's emotional social development at KB Nurul Yaqin includes; The teacher divides the groups, each group consists of 2-3 children according to the capacity of clogs. On the results of the implementation of the activity showed an increase in aspects of social emotional development of children through clogs, namely Pre-cycle, the percentage value reached 37.5%. The average achievement of child indicators is 4.5. After the Cycle I action, the percentage value reaches 75% with the achievement of the indicator being 6. In Cycle II the percentage value reaches 87.5% with the achievement value of the child indicator being 7.5.
MENINGKATKAN PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA ANAK MELALUI MEDIA DIORAMA DI TK DHARMA WANITA PERSATUAN 1 ASEMBAGUS SITUBONDO
Authors: Layinah Shofiyatul , Masruroh Farhatin
Published: September 2020

The development of children's language in class B1 with 21 students is still a minority of children who still have difficulty in communicating even just to convey ideas or ideas they still feel embarrassed or afraid to convey it. Even when invited to talk with others they are still unable to respond properly. Based on the background of the problem, this research aims to find out the results of improving children's language development through diorama media at the TK Dharma Wanita Persatuan 1 Asembagus Situbondo. The type of research used  is classroom action research by conducting a controlled investigation to find and solve learning problems in class. Problem solving is done in cycles, which consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection with the aim of improving the quality and learning outcomes in class. The results obtained from improving children's language development through media dioramas in TK Dharma Wanita Persatuan 1  Asembagus Situbondo in the first cycle reached 61.9% of students who were able to reach KKM from a total of 21 students and in cycle II it reached 90% meaning that of 21 students only there are 2 students who have below average ability.
MENINGKATKAN SOSIAL EMOSIONAL ANAK PADA KELOMPOK B MELALUI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL BAKIAK DI TK AT-TAQWA KEJAWAN GRUJUGAN BONDOWOSO
Authors: Sakdiyah Halimatus
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation and results of traditional clogs game activities to improve children's emotional social abilities in group B at At-Taqwa Kejawan Grujugan in Bondowoso. Researcher used the Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach with research subjects in group B Tk At –Taqwa Kejawan Grujugan Bondowoso. This research was conducted in two cycles and the results showed that there was an increase in children's emotional social through traditional clogs,that before the action 19%, cycle I reached 62%, cycle II reached 81%. The conclusion of this research is that through traditional clogs games can improve the emotional social of B group children at Tk At –Taqwa Kejawan Grujugan Bondowoso.
Mwea Irrigation Scheme in Kenya
Authors: Munyua Joseph Mwangi
Published: September 2020

History embraces the story of the Supreme Being, humanity, and the Universe. Human history is a silent realm that encompasses creation, fall, concupiscence, and the need for the prophetic voice towards human redemption. This article seeks to examine the Mwea Irrigation Scheme and explore the oppressive situation that was experienced by its rice farmers; and eventually assess the need for prophetic voice as the critical pillar and/or the key tool that ought to have stood as the weapon of addressing the vice. To this end, this article will methodologically draw from the history of Mwea Irrigation Scheme, unfold the origin and growth, the oppression of the rice farmers, and the need for the prophetic voice as the aforesaid tool of empowerment, as it seeks to build on a Kenyan version of liberation and/or political theology. Strictly therefore, the problem that this article wrestles with is the unearthing of the above-mentioned oppression of the Mwea rice farmers and the need for redemptive prophetic voice that is geared towards the ultimate goal, the liberation of the socio-economically oppressed rice farmers. Arguably, working out a liberation theology that addresses the Mwea case compares well with the Asian theologies such as the Burakumin theology for the marginalised and minority peoples of Asia whose reflection from the prophetic role of religion gives solace to their plight. It also compares with the Waterbuffalo theology, as propounded by Kosuko Koyama. In Waterbuffalo theology, a Japanese theologian, Kosuko Koyama, attempts to translate the Christian faith into the Asian tradition in Thailand, a phenomenon where farmers spend substantial amount of time in their respective rice fields without any substantial and/or decent returns. Apart from a theo-historical design, the methodology in this presentation includes: interview schedules, literature review of relevant and existing literature, and the reliance on the modus operandi that is well captured by the biblical Prophet Amos.
Creation of the digital relief models based on open remote sensing data for improvement the borders of river basins in the Issyk-Kul Lake cavity
Authors: Chymyrov Akylbek , Chontoev Dogdurbek , Zhakeev Bakyt
Published: September 2020

The importance of Remote Sensing (RS) in various scientific and practical studies, including hydrology, is increasing today. New Global Digital Elevation Models (DEM), based on satellite imagery, serve as the main resources in hydrological research due to their openness or low cost, increasing accuracy and improved spatial resolution. The main aims of this work are study the capabilities of Global DEMs based on AW3D30, ASTER GDEM V003 and SRTMGML1 with 30 m spatial resolution in modeling basins of rivers and Issyk-Kul Lake in Kyrgyzstan and their comparative analysis. Topographic maps of the study area were used as sources of verification data when analyzing their spatial accuracy. The influence of the reference point heights above sea level on the accuracy and reliability of the models in high mountainous conditions was also studied. UTM, SK-42, Kyrg-06 and the Albers Equal-Area Conic coordinate systems were used in calculations of the lake basin area. The results of the study showed that the AW3D30 DEM has higher accuracy compared to other models and can be successfully used in modeling river basins in mountainous areas. The catchment areas of the Dzhergalan and Tyup rivers were modeled and calculated based on AW3D30, ASTER GDEM V003 and SRTMGML1 DEMs. The research results on boundaries and areas of the river basins in the lake depression indicate the need for further refinement based on modern remote sensing data, taking into account the differences in the geoid/quasigeoid models used and the reference point heights determined using satellite-based positioning and leveling methods.
Capabilities of the “IKI-Monitoring” Center for collective use in organizing the satellite monitoring of the Central Asian Region
Authors: Mukhamedjanov Ildar , Konstantinova Anna , Uvarov Ivan
Published: September 2020

The computing power of modern technical equipment allow to solve different scientific and applied problems. The paper considers the practice of organizing special satellite monitoring service with the help of the “IKI-Monitoring” Center for Collective Use. A number of scientific and applied problems often require rapid access to satellite data, that sometimes is impossible because of the need to store all data locally. In this case the Center for Collective Use allows to analyze the long-term archives available online, process them and save the results right on the server or download it to the PC. The technology is now being practiced to organize a number of specialized services and adapt them to the needs of different regions. At the current stage the project is targeted to solve the problem of regular monitoring of water objects in Central Asia. The service is a part of “VEGA-Constellation” information systems set and was called EcoSatMS (Ecosystem Satellite monitoring Service). The paper is focused on the capabilities of “IKI-Monitoring” and its application in framework of the new technology for remote monitoring the parts of river courses, i.e. the integration of virtual hydroposts. The methods used for the current research can be expanded and developed further to understand the influence of the water resources dynamics on agriculture and ecosystem in general.
Analysis of the dynamics of anthropogenic changes in ecosystems of the Kem River catchment (White Sea basin) using Global Forest Change data
Authors: Litinsky Peter
Published: September 2020

The analysis of changes in the catchment vegetation cover as a result of industrial development of its territory, primarily deforestation, was carried out. For processing Landsat images, the spectral space modeling method was used, which provides higher reliability of the classification results compared to traditional methods. The most significant changes in the catchment occurred from the 1930s (the beginning of large-scale logging), until the end of the 1990s. Significantly, by more than 60 %, the area of old-growth forests decreased, their large fragments remained only in nature protected areas, as well as around large lakes and along large rivers, due to the presence of water protection zones. In the period from 2000 to 2018 due to deforestation, the area of productive forests decreased even more. Nevertheless, by 2019 the occurrence of secondary reforestation on significant areas (up to 70 %) is noted, which indicates a sufficiently high regeneration potential of the catchment ecosystems. To restore the spatial structure of the forest cover in the period before the start of the Landsat 5 operation, the method of tracking the trajectories of reforestation successions in the spectral space was used. A comparison with the results of the Global Forest Change 2000—2018 data (loss/gain) showed almost complete coincidence in cuttings (loss), but the method of reforestation trajectories showed many times higher results in forest gain, since it reveals forest regeneration at a much earlier stage. The developed methodology will be applied on the catchments of other tributaries of the White Sea, and the results will be used as input to an environmental-socio-economic cognitive model that predicts the state of ecosystems under climate changes and economic priorities.
Regional evaluation of the reasons of death in the Russian Federation
Authors: Shartova Natalia , Chereshnia Olga , Tikunov Vladimir
Published: September 2020

Modern studies show significant inequalities in public health and mortality in many countries, and Russia is no exception. Moreover, according to some indicators, inequality in Russia is extremely high, both regionally and between different socio-economic groups. In this regard, a mathematical assessment of the main indicators of the causes of mortality at the regional level seems particularly relevant. This paper presents a study of the geography of causes of death in Russia from 2011 to 2015 in regions and large cities. The assessment was carried out using ranking according to standardized demographic indicators (mortality for reasons: some infectious and parasitic diseases; neoplasms; diseases of the circulatory system; respiratory diseases; diseases of the digestive system; external causes of death). The spatial features of mortality for each of the main causes are determined separately for men and women. Assessment and ranking of cities and regions of Russia was developed on the basis of a mathematical algorithm developed by one of the authors [Tikunov, 1997]. The results were mapped using an individual scale for each cause of death.
ІНФОРМАЦІЙНО-ПОШУКОВА СИСТЕМА ВИБОРУ МІНІ-ЕКСКАВАТОРУ ДЛЯ ПРОВЕДЕННЯ РЕМОНТНИХ РОБІТ НА МІСЬКИХ АВТОМАГІСТРАЛЯХ
Authors: Ільге Ігор , Філь Наталія
Published: September 2020

В роботі розглянута проблема вибору міні-екскаваторів для проведення ремонтних робіт на міських автомагістралях, сформовані загальні критерії вибору. На основі аналізу предметної області сформульовані вимоги до інформаційно-пошукової системи вибору міні-екскаватору для проведення ремонтних робіт на міських автомагістралях. Обрано базовий програмний засіб − СУБД MS Access. Проведено інфологічне, даталогічне та логічне проектування. Інформаційно-пошукову система вибору міні-екскаватору за технічними та економічними параметрами дозволяє скоротити час вибору машини для проведення ремонтних робіт на міських автомагістралях.
Asymmetrical ZVS-PWM Switched-Capacitor Based Half-Bridge DC-DC Converter With Switch Peak Voltage of Vin/2
Authors: Caus Angelica Paula
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a new power converter topology
generated by the integration of the asymmetrical ZVS-PWM dcdc converter with a switched-capacitor ladder-type commutation
cell. Circuit operation and theoretical analysis with emphasis on
the soft-commutation process are included in the paper. The
main advantage of the proposed converter with respect to the
conventional asymmetrical half-bridge dc-dc converter is the
reduction of the voltage stress across the power switches to the
half of the input dc bus voltage, enabling the utilization of lower
voltage rating components. Experiments conducted on a
laboratory prototype with 1.4 kW power-rating, 800 V input
voltage, 48 V output voltage and 100 kHz switching frequency
are included, to verify the theoretical analysis and the design
methodology. The maximum efficiency of the experimental nonoptimized prototype was 93.6%.
Index Terms - Asymmetrical dc-dc converter, pulse-widthmodulation, switched-capacitor, zero voltage switching.
Effects of Thymus Vulgaris L. and Thymbra Spicata L. on diabetes mellitus associated cognitive impairment and neuropathy: Thymus Vulgaris and Cognitive Function Improvements
Authors: Akan Zafer , Dikilidal Melek , Özdemir Hulya , Oto Gokhan , Yilmaz Ahmet
Published: September 2020

Aim: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease due to increased blood glucose, with multiple organ involvement. Although various oral drugs are used to treat DM, they do not prevent the development of DM related diseases such as cognitive disorder, neuropathy and vascular diseases. Thus novel strategies for the prevention and treatment of DM are urgently needed. This research aimed to reveal the effects of Thymus Vulgaris Lamiaceae (TVL) and Thymbra Spicata Lamiaceae (TSL) on the damaging effects of DM. Materials and Methods: Therefore, prepared TVL and TSL aqueous extracts were studied in the streptozocin induced experimental diabetic rat model. Blood glucose, body weight, and cognitive functions were examined. Morris water maze test was used to define the effect of TVL and TSL on DM related cognitive dysfunction. Results: Briefly, impaired blood glucose, and cognitive dysfunction of Diabetic rats were significantly improved by TVL in dose dependent manner (P
PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS
Authors: Sudasma I Ketut
Published: September 2020

Pelaksanaan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar siswasetelah diterapkan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan pendekatan saintifikdalam proses pembelajaran. Permasalahan awal yang terjadi adalah belum maksimalnya prosespembelajaran yang dilakukan guru dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa akibat penerapan modelpembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) yang masih belum maksimal. Setelah datadikumpulkan menggunakan alat berupa tes hasil belajar siswa dari rata-rata awal 68,16 denganprosentase ketuntasan belajar sebesar 32,00% naik menjadi 73,72 dengan prosentase ketuntasanbelajar sebesar 76,00% pada siklus I dan naik menjadi 80,72 pada persentase ketuntasan belajar100,00% pada siklus II. Dengan perolehan data tersebut dapat dipastikan bahwa penerapan modelpembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan pendekatan saintifik dapat meningkatkan hasilbelajar IPS siswa sehingga hipotesis yang diajukan dapat diterima.
PENERAPAN METODE KERJA KELOMPOK DENGAN STRATEGI QUESTION STUDENT HAVE UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASIBELAJAR PPKn SISWA
Authors: Nilawati Ni Wayan
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 3 Banjarangkan di Kelas VIII Byang prestasi belajar PPKn masih rendah. Tujuan penelitian tindakan kelas ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah Penerapan Metode Kerja Kelompok Dengan Question Student Have Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar PPKn Siswa. Metode pengumpulan atanya adalah tes prestasi belajar. Metode analisis datanya adalah deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah question student have dengan metode kerja kelompok dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar PPKnsiswa. Ini terbukti dari hasil yang diperoleh pada awalnya 61,60 setelah diberikan tindakan pada siklus I meningkat menjadi71,80 dan pada siklus II meningkat lagi menjadi 83,20. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah question student have dengan metode kerja kelompok dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar PPKn siswa.
PELAKSANAAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROBLEM BASED LEARNING DIBANTU METODE PRESENTASI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA SISWA
Authors: Suana I Nengah
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 3 Banjarangkan di kelas VII D yang kemampuan siswanya untuk mata pelajaran IPA cukup rendah. Tujuan penulisan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan metode presentasi dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa.Metode pengumpulan datanya adalah tes prestasi belajar. Metode analisis datanya adalah deskriptif baik untuk data kualitatif maupun untuk data kuantitatif. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan metode presentasidapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Ini terbukti dari hasil yang diperoleh pada awalnya mencapai nilai rata-rata 63,45, pada siklus I mencapai nilai rata-rata 70,93 dan pada siklus II mencapai nilai rata-rata 81,55.Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah penerapan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dengan metode presentasi dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar IPA siswa.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA DI MIN KEPATIHAN BOJONEGORO
Authors: Manshur Ahmad
Published: September 2020

Pemanfaatan  teknologi  informasi  dan  komunikasi  diharapkan  mampu meningkatkan keberhasilan proses belajar mengajar. Memanfaatkan TIK dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran karena tidak didukung dengan sarana prasarana   yang   memadai. Pembelajaran hanya  monoton dilakukan di  ruang   kelas   dan dengan ceramah sehingga  siswa merasa jenuh. Berdasarkan uraian diatas maka permasalahan penelitian adalah (1) bagaimanakah efektivitas penggunaan teknologi informasi dan Komunikasi terhadap prestasi belajar siswa di MIN Kepatihan Bojonegoro. (2) bagaimanakah efektivitas media pembelajaran terhadap prestasi belajar siswa di MIN Kepatihan Bojonegoro. (3) bagaimanakah efektivitas penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi sebagai media pembelajaran terhadap prestasi belajar siswa di MIN Kepatihan Bojonegoro. Metode dalam penelitian ini explanatory survey, yaitu merupakan suatu jenis metode penelitian deskriptif yang dilakukan terhadap subyek dan obyek penelitian dalam jumlah besar dalam waktu yang bersamaan. Hasil perhitungan uji F (test anova) penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi sebagai media pembelajaran terhadap prestasi belajar siswa dapat dilihat pada Tabel Coefficient.  Dari uji F (test anova), didapat F hitung adalah 15.518 dengan tingkat signifikansi 0,044. Karena probabilitas (0,044) jauh lebih kecil dari 0,05 berarti H0 ditolak, yang berarti bahwa penggunaan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi sebagai media pembelajaran secara simultan berpengaruh terhadap prestasi belajar siswa.
g-Steiner, co-Steiner and Normal Points of Bounded Euclidean Submanifolds
Authors: Chen Bang-yen
Published: September 2020

The original ``Steiner point'', also known as the ``Steiner curvature centroid'', is the geometric centroid of the system obtained by placing a mass equal to the magnitude of the exterior angle at each vertex of a triangle. Steiner points have been studied and applied in networks, combinatorics, computational geometry and even in game theory.

In this article, we extend the notion of Steiner point to the notion of g-Steiner point for a bounded Euclidean submanifolds with arbitrary codimension. In this article, we also introduce the notions of co-Steiner and normal points for bounded Euclidean submanifolds. We prove several basic properties for such points. Furthermore, we establish some links between g-Steiner, co-Steiner and normal points.
The Origins of the Ariobarzanid Dynasty
Authors: BALLESTEROS PASTOR Luıs
Published: September 2020

The Ariobarzanid kings of Cappadocia belonged to a cadet branch of the Mithridatids of Pontus and the Ariarathids of Cappadocia, who merged their bloodlines in an undetermined moment previous to the reign of Ariarathes V. Therefore, these families descended from the ancient satraps of Dascylium, and in particular from a branch of this family installed in Cius which gave rise to the Pontic dynasty. This kinship explains some passages of Appian difficult to interpret. Henceforth, when the Romans settled Ariobarzanes I on the throne, they were supporting a family which was already well known to the Republic. Thus, the Ariobarzanids represented a continuity in the royal house of Cappadocia until it became extinct by the deposition of Ariarathes X. Arcobarzanes, grandson of the Numidian king Syphax, would have also been a member of this Pontic-Cappadocian lineage.
Roads and Routes in Northwestern and Adjoining Parts of Central Asia Minor: From the Romans to Byzantium, with Some Remarks on their Fate during the Ottoman Period up to the 17th Century
Authors: BELKE Klaus
Published: September 2020

The paper examines the development of roads in northwestern
(and parts of Central) Asia Minor from the Roman to the Byzantine period, pointing
also to some changes in the Turkish period until about the 17th century. There
was a remarkable continuity regarding the main routes of long distance traffic,
but these routes could change in detail, corresponding to different military
and economic focuses and needs. Design and building techniques of the roads
changed, depending on the economic resources the state was able to spend and
above all on the change from wagons and carts to pack animals. Neglect of the
wide, paved long-distance roads of the Roman imperial period at the end of
antiquity was linked to the gradual decrease of vehicular traffic in Asia
Minor. By the sixth century AD, travel and transport relied on mounts and pack
animals, except for some short-distance trans-portation on simple oxcarts.
Roads were adapted to these means of transport and became narrower and stepped
at steep passages.

From the seventh century onwards, following the loss of the
eastern provinces and during the nearly annual Arab invasions of Anatolia, the
Byzantines chose routes that were partly different from the main routes of the
Roman period and Late Antiquity, but which mostly were also inherited from
their Roman predecessors. The main routes through Asia Minor were generally
maintained in an acceptable order, but very few really new roads were built.

After the Seljuk conquests roads became insecure
again. The main lines of communication did not change, at least not in regions
under Byzantine control. The Ottomans took over most of the roads used by the
Byzantines for their military campaigns and for trade. It seems, however, that
they were readier to build at least a limited number of entirely new roads.
Their building techniques more or less followed the examples of their Byzantine
predecessors.
The Lycian Name of Iranian Origin Miθrapata and Its variants
Authors: ADİEGO LAJARA İgnasi Xavier
Published: September 2020

In this paper, the new coin legends of the dynast Miθrapata with a spelling variant mizrapata are analyzed, particularly regarding its possible connection to another variant form, mizrp-pata, whose existence can now be questioned. As for the double spelling mizrapata/miθrapata, it can be interpreted as the result of spelling traditions linked to chronological or dialectal factors. In this paper, the new coin legends of the dynast Miθrapata with a spelling variant mizrapata are analyzed, particularly regarding its possible connection to another variant form, mizrp-pata, whose existence can now be questioned. As for the double spelling mizrapata/miθrapata, it can be interpreted as the result of spelling traditions linked to chronological or dialectal factors.
Two Unpublished Magical Amulets in Ankara
Authors: ARSLAN Melih , YEĞİN Yavuz , GORDON Richard
Published: September 2020

The recent synthesis of Roman-period amulets by C. A. Faraone has highlighted the signifi-cance of such artefacts in strategies of personal and group protection and healing throughout Greek and Roman antiquity. A specific group of such amulets, on semi-precious stones en-graved with images, intercultural words of power, and special signs, was created in late-Hellenistic Egypt, but spread into the eastern Mediterranean mainly in the Roman period. This paper publishes two such magical amulets, one in the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations and the other in the Erimtan Museum of Archaeology and Art, both in Ankara. The first car-ries a fine example of the cock-headed Anguipede figure on the obverse, and, on the reverse, three of the Judaic names of God most commonly found on amulets in this tradition. The sec-ond gem offers no iconography but an interesting Greek inscription, followed by three special signs, appealing to the goddess Gaia (Earth) to protect the wearer. The paper has two main aims: to contribute to the aim of completing the digital Campbell Bonner Magical Gems data-base, organised by Á.M. Nagy in Budapest, which has taken the study of these gems to a new level, and to make these amuletic gems better known in Turkey.
Economic consequences of mandatory price re-registration for medicines from the high-cost nosology program
Authors: Rudakova A. V. , Ugrekhelidze D. T. , Krylov V. A.
Published: September 2020

The Government Decree, approved in December 2019, required registration certificates holders of reference drugs, included in the essential drug list (EDL), submit applications for mandatory price re-registration. Drugs included in the high-cost nosology list (high-cost list) must be included in the EDL.

Objective: to assess the budget impact of price re-registration for high-cost list drugs.

Material and methods. The comparing economic analysis of high-cost nosology program before and after price re-registration based on the Government Decree N 1683 (effective from 16.12.2019). 125 reference stock keeping units (SKUs), included in the high-cost list, were evaluated.

Results. The analysis showed, that after re-registration the prices of 66 SKUs will remain the same. The prices of 43 reference SKUs will be reduced after setting a single maximum selling price («equalization»). Prices for 16 SKUs will be reduced due to lower registered prices in the reference countries. Considering the contracts executed in 20192020, the budget of the high-cost program is up to 74.430 billion rubles, and after re-registration it will be equal to 64.162 billion rubles, so the savings will amount 10.267 billion (13.8 %). The main drivers of re-registration prices savings are: Advagraf (1.175 billion rubles), Elizaria (2.083 billion rubles) and Revlimid (2.247 billion rubles). Separately, we analyzed the consequences ofprices re-registration in the V-thgroup ofhigh-cost list, which are provided topatients with malignant neoplasms of lymphoid, hematopoietic and related tissues. It was calculated, that in 2019 the contracts for V-th group of high-cost list were signed for 19.217 billion rubles, and after the price re-registration for the purchase of the same number of drugs 16.762 billion rubles will be spent, so the savings from the price re-registration will amount to 2.455 billion rubles (12.8 %), among which 2.247 billion rubles will be provided by price re-registration of Revlimid.

Conclusions. The pricing policy implemented in the Russian Federation is aimed at increasing the availability of highly effective medical care to the population of the Russian Federation and significantly reduces the burden on the budget of the healthcare system.
Analysis of the long-term effectiveness of a drug in the treatment of a chronic disease is the basis of rational pharmacotherapy (on the example of the use of roflumilast in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
Authors: Zhukova O. V. , Khokhlov A. L.
Published: September 2020

The aim of the study consisted in assessing the long-term effectiveness of the drug in the treatment of chronic disease based on Markov modeling (on the example of the use of roflumilast in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

Materials and methods. The data on the dependence of exacerbations on the stage of COPD from the ECLIPSE study (Evaluation of COPD Longitudinally to Identify Predictive Surrogate Endpoints) were used as materials for the study. The simulation was carried out using MO Excel software based on the Markov model. The input data were 1 000 patients with COPD II stage. The time horizon was 10 years. The Markov cycle was 1 year. Additional patients were not included in the model and did not drop out during the simulation.

Results. The number of patients with stage IV for the last modeling cycle (10 years) will be 265 patients with the addition of roflumilast to COPD, then without roflumilast, this figure will be 296 patients. The addition of roflumilast to COPD therapy slows the transition to stage IV COPD by 10.5 % for 10 years.

The conclusion. The Markov model of the transition of patients suffering from COPD through stages of the disease characterizes the course of the disease on the time horizon at 10 years. Of the model group of 1000 patients (suffering from stage II COPD), only 48.4 % of patients remain in this stage at the end of the simulation. On the last cycle of the modeling time horizon, in stage III there are 22.1% of the initial cohort of patients, in stage IV — 29.6 %. ttese data reflect actual clinical practice. When modeling using the frequencies of transitions between states obtained during studies in which the efficacy of adding roflumilast, inhibitor of PDE-4 to treatment regimens was studied, modeling slowed down the progression of the disease.
Implementation of the concept of standard operating procedures into primary care practice: utopia or urgent need?
Authors: Zyryanov S K. , Fitilev S B. , Vozzhaev A. V. , Shkrebniova I. I. , Tyazhelnikov A. A. , Shindryaeva N. N.
Published: September 2020

The article emphasizes the need to develop and apply standard operating procedures (SOP) as an instrument of quality management system of rational pharmacotherapy in primary care practice. To justify the reasonability of SOP implementation into outpatient clinical practice pharmacoepidemiologic analysis of the quality of care provided to patients with stable coronary artery disease in the primary care setting of Moscow over two consecutive periods was used. tte key variables of interest were characteristics that reflected physician adherence to clinical practice guidelines.
The pharmacoepidemiology of potential drug-drug interactions in patients with psychiatric disorders
Authors: Kirilochev O. O. , Umerova A. R.
Published: September 2020

Actuality. Drug safety issues in patients with psychiatric disorders are relevant due to specifics of clinical pharmacology of the medicinal products used, possible treatment-resistance of mental illnesses and concomitant use of multiple antipsychotic drugs. One of the aspects of treatment safety is a prediction of drug-drug interactions.

The aim of the study was to analyze potential drug-drug interactions in patients with psychiatric disorders.

Materials and methods. The study enrolled 500 patients with psychiatric disorders in two age-related groups. Drug therapy was analyzed to reveal potential cases of drug-drug interactions.

Results. A total of 1 031 cases of the use of drug combinations leading to drug-drug interactions of various clinical significance were revealed in 72.4 % of patients. There were significant differences between two age-related groups in respect of the specifics of medications use and clinical significance of drug combinations.

Conclusion. Prediction of drug-drug interactions is likely to ensure improved drug safety in patients with psychiatric disorders.
Analysis and new applications of fractal fractional differential equations with power law kernel
Authors: Akgül Ali
Published: September 2020

We obtain the solutions of fractal fractional differential equations with the power law kernel by reproducing kernel Hilbert space method in this paper. We also apply the Laplace transform to get the exact solutions of the problems. We compare the exact solutions with the approximate solutions. We demonstrate our results by some tables and figures. We prove the efficiency of the proposed technique for fractal fractional differential equations.
Androgen driven evolutionary population dynamics in prostate cancer growth
Authors: Alzahrani Ebraheem O. , Khan Muhammad Altaf
Published: September 2020

Prostate cancer worldwide is regarded the second most frequent diagnosed cancer in men with (899,000 new cases) while in common cancer it is the fifth. Regarding the treatment of progressive prostate cancer the most common and effective is the intermittent androgen deprivation therapy. Usually this treatment is effective initially at regressing tumorigenesis, mostly a resistance to treatment can been seen from patients and is known as the castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), so there is no any treatment and becomes fatal. Therefore, we proposed a new mathematical model for the prostate cancer growth with fractional derivative. Initially, we present the model formulation in detail and then apply the fractional operator Atangana-Baleanu to the model. The fractional model will be studied further to analyze and show its existence of solution. Then, we provide a new iterative scheme for the numerical solution of the prostate cancer growth model. The analytical results are validated by considering various values assigned to the fractional order parameter \begin{document}$ \alpha. $\end{document}
An efficient numerical method for fractional model of allelopathic stimulatory phytoplankton species with Mittag-Leffler law
Authors: Ghanbari Behzad , Kumar Devendra , Singh Jagdev
Published: September 2020

The principal aim of the present article is to study a mathematical pattern of interacting phytoplankton species. The considered model involves a fractional derivative which enjoys a nonlocal and nonsingular kernel. We first show that the problem has a solution, then the proof of the uniqueness is included by means of the fixed point theory. The numerical solution of the mathematical model is also obtained by employing an efficient numerical scheme. From numerical simulations, one can see that this is a very efficient method and provides precise and outstanding results.
Computational aspects of the multiscale discontinuous Galerkin method for convection-diffusion-reaction problems
Authors: Jeong ShinJa , Kim Mi-Young
Published: September 2020

We investigate the matrix structure of the discrete system of the multiscale discontinuous Galerkin method (MDG) for general second order partial differential equations [10]. The MDG solution is obtained by composition of DG and the inter-scale operator. We show that the MDG matrix is given by the product of the DG matrix and the inter-scale matrix of the local problem. We apply an ILU preconditioned GMRES to solve the matrix equation effectively. Numerical examples are presented for convection dominated problems.
Decoupling PDE computation with intrinsic or inertial Robin interface condition
Authors: Zhang Lian , Cai Mingchao , Mu Mo
Published: September 2020

We study decoupled numerical methods for multi-domain, multi-physics applications. By investigating various stages of numerical approximation and decoupling and tracking how the information is transmitted across the interface for a typical multi-modeling model problem, we derive an approximate intrinsic or inertial type Robin condition for its semi-discrete model. This new interface condition is justified both mathematically and physically in contrast to the classical Robin interface condition conventionally introduced for decoupling multi-modeling problems. Based on the intrinsic or inertial Robin condition, an equivalent semi-discrete model is introduced, which provides a general framework for devising effective decoupled numerical methods. Numerical experiments also confirm the effectiveness of this new decoupling approach.
Asymptotic behavior of the one-dimensional compressible micropolar fluid model
Authors: Cui Haibo , Gao Junpei , Yao Lei
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we study the large time behavior of the solution for one-dimensional compressible micropolar fluid model with large initial data. This model describes micro-rotational motions and spin inertia which is commonly used in the suspensions, animal blood, and liquid crystal. We get the uniform positive lower and upper bounds of the density and temperature independent of both space and time. In particular, we also obtain the asymptotic behavior of the micro-rotation velocity.
Two-echelon trade credit with default risk in an EOQ model for deteriorating items under dynamic demand
Authors: Mahata Puspita , Mahata Gour Chandra
Published: September 2020

In today's competitive markets, offering delay payments has become a commonly adopted method. In this paper, we examine an optimal dynamic decision-making problem for a retailer selling a single deteriorating product, the demand rate of which varies simultaneously with on-hand inventory level and the length of credit period that is offered to the customers. In addition, the risk of default increases with the credit period length. In this study, not only the supplier would offer fixed credit period to the retailer, but retailer also adopt the trade credit policy to his customer in order to promote the market competition. The retailer can accumulate revenue and interest after the customer pays for the amount of purchasing cost to the retailer until the end of the trade credit period offered by the supplier. A generalized model is presented to determine the optimal trade credit and replenishment strategies that maximize the retailer's total profit after the default risk occurs over a planning period. For the objective function sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the optimal solution are provided. Some properties of the optimal solutions are shown to find the optimal ordering policies of the considered problem. At the end of this paper, some numerical examples and the results of a sensitivity and elasticity analysis are used to illustrate the features of the proposed model; we then offer our concluding remarks.
New M-eigenvalue intervals and application to the strong ellipticity of fourth-order partially symmetric tensors
Authors: Che Haitao , Chen Haibin , Zhou Guanglu
Published: September 2020

M-eigenvalues of fourth-order partially symmetric tensors play an important role in nonlinear elasticity and materials. In this paper, we present some M-eigenvalue intervals to locate all M-eigenvalues of fourth-order partially symmetric tensors. It is proved that the new interval is tighter than the one proposed by He, Li and Wei [16]. Furthermore, we obtain some new checkable sufficient conditions for the strong ellipticity of fourth-order partially symmetric tensors. Three numerical examples arising from anisotropic materials are presented to verify the efficiency of the proposed results.
An efficient genetic algorithm for decentralized multi-project scheduling with resource transfers
Authors: Zhang Jingwen , Liu Wanjun , Liu Wanlin
Published: September 2020

This paper investigates the decentralized resource-constrained multi-project scheduling problem with transfer times (DRCMPSPTT) in which the transfer times of the global resources among different projects are assumed to be sequence-independent, while transfers of local resources take no time within a project. First, two decision variables (\begin{document}$ {y_{ijg}} $\end{document} and \begin{document}$ {w_{ijg}} $\end{document}) are adopted to express the transition state of global resources between projects. \begin{document}$ {y_{ijg}} $\end{document} (takes a value of 0 or 1) represents whether activity i transfers global resource g to activity j; accordingly, the transferred quantity is denoted as \begin{document}$ {w_{ijg}} $\end{document}. Then, we construct an integer linear model with the goal of minimizing the average project delay for the DRCMPSPTT. Second, an adaptive genetic algorithm (GA) is developed to solve the DRCMPSPTT. To gain the schedules for the DRCMPSPTT, the traditional serial and parallel scheduling generation schemes (SGSs) are modified to combine with different resource transfer rules and to design multiple decoding schemes. Third, the numerical experiments are implemented to analyse the effects of eight decoding schemes, and we found that the scheme comprising the parallel SGS and maxRS rule can make the GA work the best; furthermore, the effectiveness of the GA_maxRS (GA embedded with the best scheme) is demonstrated by solving some instances with different sizes.
Shifting priorities of shade and northern Australian architecture: Colonial settlement prior to the 1920s
Authors: Keys Cathy
Published: September 2020

The primacy of sunlight over shade is a relatively recent historical phenomenon in Australian architecture. In this paper, it is argued that shade was a priority for northern Australian settlers in the state of Queensland and evident in their architecture until the 1920s when ideas about thermal comfort, race and climate elevated the desirability of sun exposure. This paper considers the cross-cultural exchange of colonial shade and the increasing avoidance of sun exposure linked to European beliefs about human health, derived from the field of tropical medicine and evidenced by northern Australian clothing styles and the Queensland house. Later sections consider the social and cultural underpinnings of a Modernist shift in architecture prioritizing sun exposure over deep shade. Finally, the paper will consider a refocus on shade provision since the 1990s, linked to rising rates of preventable skin cancer.
Mapoon Mission Station and the Privatization of Public Violence:
Authors: Ludewig Jasper
Published: September 2020

This paper considers the role of missionary architecture as an instrument of colonial governance. It focuses on the case of Mapoon, a German Moravian mission station established on the remote Cape York Peninsula in the colony of Queensland at the turn of the twentieth century. In its conception, the Mapoon mission would serve as a mechanism in the wider regulation of Queensland’s late-nineteenth-century colonial frontier, working to segregate the colony’s Aboriginal population from settler-colonial expansion. The architecture of the mission station formed the material basis of this project, redeploying aspects of a unique settlement model developed by Moravian Pietists since the eighteenth century. The paper argues that the history of Mapoon is one of transnational connection in which individual actors, organizational structures, and spheres of activity crossed porous imperial, colonial, and national borders. It examines this mobility—of ideas, expertise, and institutional projects—in order to rethink the conditions for telling a history of Australian architecture. It seeks to question the notional limits of these categories—of what can meaningfully be called “Australian” in this historical moment, and of what is deemed permissible as an example of historical “architecture”—in order to reveal that, even at its founding moment, Australia was already a global enterprise.
Urban Climate Indoors: Rethinking Heating Infrastructure in China's Non-Heating Zone
Authors: Roesler Sascha , Kobi Madlen
Published: September 2020

The aim of this paper is to broaden the Eurocentric architectural history of climate control by introducing a discussion of the interrelation of architecture and thermal practices in the Southern Chinese “non-heating” zone. Based on a governmental policy that dates from the 1950s, China is divided into a heated North, where urban houses enjoy the amenities of a district heating infrastructure, and a non-heated South, which lacks this infrastructure. Most high-rise buildings in this zone are constructed without insulation, and a rapidly growing middle class heats under uninsulated conditions. Residents mitigate the winter cold through active means of climate control, primarily with electric devices that serve to warm certain parts of their bodies, or warm limited spaces in their apartments. This paper is based on a methodology that combines ethnographic building analysis, discourse analysis, architectural theory, and building science. Most of the fieldwork data−including home visits and interviews with residents and thermal experts−was collected in winter 2017-18, in the northern part of the non-heating zone of China, especially in the city of Chongqing. Our architectural view of heating in the non-heating zone perceives buildings as agents that mediate between the macro- and the micro-scale, between the North and South, and between inside and outside.
Imperial Atmospheres: Race and Climate Control on the Niger
Authors: Valen Dustin
Published: September 2020

This essay explores how nineteenth-century environmental technologies rendered climates mobile through an examination of a British-led mission to the Niger River in West Africa in 1841. To protect white sailors from the tropical African climate, expedition authorities invited Scottish ventilation engineer David Boswell Reid to consult on the design of three iron steam ships. Using a centralized air intake connected to a wind sail, Reid created a pressurized plenum below deck whose air he medicated by treating it with chemicals. The Niger mission exemplifies how Victorian ventilating practices were informed by unilineal theories of progress in which climate served as a key index for measuring animal, vegetable, and human progress. Regions of the globe with climates similar to Britain’s were considered ideal for colonization. Tropical climates, however, were thought to have damaging effects on European bodies. Climate was also blamed for impeding the rise of civilization. Drawing on medical journals and reports, this essay discusses nineteenth-century ventilating practices in terms of their relationship to the tropical anxieties of their time. It posits climate control as an ecological mission within the broader project of British imperialism, and shows how Western ideas about thermal comfort emerged through a discursive entanglement with racial anthropology and imperial interests in the torrid zone.