bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No Appreciable Effect of Education on Aging-Associated Declines in Cognition: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Sala Giovanni , Nishita Yukiko , Tange Chikako , Tomida Makiko , Gondo Yasuyuki , Shimokata Hiroshi , Otsuka Rei
Published: May 2022

Education has been claimed to reduce aging-associated declines in cognitive function. Given its societal relevance, considerable resources have been devoted to this research. However, due to the difficulty of detecting modest rates of change, findings have been mixed. These discrepancies may stem from methodological shortcomings such as short time spans, few waves, and small samples. The present study overcomes these limitations (N = 1,892, nine waves over more than 20 years).We tested the effect of educational level on baseline performance (i.e., intercept) and the rate of change (i.e., slope) in crystallized (Gc) and fluid (Gf) cognitive abilities. Albeit positively related to both intercepts, education had no impact on the Gc slope and even a slightly negative impact on the Gf slope. Furthermore, neither intercept exerted any appreciable effect on either slope. These results thus suggest that education has no substantial role (direct or mediated) in aging-related changes in cognition.
Culture and the Assumptions About Appearance and Reality: A Scientometric Look at a Century of Research
Authors: Carollo Alessandro , Stanzione Alfonso Maria , Fong Seraphina , Gabrieli Giulio , Lee Albert , Esposito Gianluca
Published: May 2022

People represent the world in terms of two constructs: how something appears on the surface (appearance) and what it is underneath that surface (reality). Both constructs are central to various bodies of literature. What has not been done, however, is a systematic look at this collection of literature for overarching themes. Motivated by this research gap, the present scientometric review aimed to identify common themes that penetrate through a century of work on appearance and reality. With CiteSpace software, we computed an optimised Document Co- Citation Analysis with a sample of 4,164 documents (1929-2021), resulting in a network of 3,116 nodes. We identified impactful publications, summarised major intellectual movements, and identified five thematic clusters (‘Cultural Identity’, ‘Social Politics’, ‘Social Constructionism’, ‘Heritage & Memory’, and ‘Contemporary Society’), all with theoretical and pragmatic implications which we discuss. A deeper look at these clusters reveals new empirical questions and promising directions for future research.
The Practices of Teacher Professional Development Program for English Teachers in Nepal
Authors: Kshetree Arun Kumar
Published: May 2022

The Teacher Professional Development (TPD) Program in Nepal is a very much ambitious program aimed at encouraging the teachers for their professional development. This paper aims to study and analyze the situation of implementation of the TPD program to train the English teachers of Nepal in relation to the policy guidelines of the program and to suggest some ways to improve the implementation of the TPD program so that the great resources in the form of investment in training the teachers ultimately result in the improvement of the English language teaching learning situation of Nepal. The results show that the program is very nice and designed perfectly for the Nepalese teachers’ professional development but there are many lacunas in different steps of the implementation of the program which seem to result in the failure of  the TPD program in case of ELT teachers training as the transfer of training was found to be very stumpy.
रूपन्देही जिल्लामा प्रचलित लोकगीतको अध्ययन
Authors: Paudyal Shalikram
Published: May 2022

लोकसमुदायमा प्रचलित साहित्य लोकसाहित्य हो । लोकसमुदायमा मौखिक परम्परामा जन्मेको र हुर्केको अलिखित साहित्य नै लोकसाहित्य हो । लोकसाहित्यका विभिन्न विधामध्ये लोकगीत अत्यन्त प्रचलित विधा हो । लुम्बिनी प्रदेशको तराईको जिल्ला रूपन्देहीमा विभिन्न जातजाति र भाषाभाषीका मानिसहरूको बसोबास रहेको छ । यस जिल्लाका आदिबासी थारू र भोजपुरी भाषी समुदाय हुन् भने अन्य नेपाली, मगर, नेवार, गुरुङ जातिको बसोबास यस जिल्लामा निकै पछि मात्र भएको हो  । खास गरी तराईमा औलो रोगको महामारीको नियन्त्रणपछि मात्र यस जिल्लामा पहाडी जिल्लाबाट मानिसहरू बसाइँ सरेर आएको देखिन्छ । त्यसैले यस जिल्लामा प्रचलित थारू र भोजपुरी भाषाको लोकगीत प्राचीन हो भने नेपाली भाषाका लोकगीत पछि मात्र विकसित भएको हो । नेपाली लोकगीतहरू पहाडीमूलका मानिसले बसाइँसराइसँगै ल्याए पनि कतिपय गीतमा स्थानीयताको झलक पनि पाइन्छ । थारू तथा भोजपुरी भाषी समुदायमा प्रचलित संस्कार गीतमा विवाह गीत, रत्यौली गीत, पर्वगीतमा होरी गीत, धार्मिक गीतमा चुड्का, आरती, भक्ति गीत, श्रमगीतमा रोपाईँ गीत, सवनाही गीत, सदाबहार गीतमा झुमरा, गाली गीत आदि विशेषरूपमा प्रचलित रहेका छन् । त्यस्तै नेपाली लोकगीतअन्तर्गत संस्कार गीतमा रत्यौली, विवाहगीत, पर्वगीतमा तीजगीत, देउसी र भैलो गीत, गाइजात्रे गीत, धार्मिक गीतमा भजन, आरती, चुड्का, श्रमगीतमा असारे गीत, सदाबहार गीतमा झ्याउरे, रोइला, ख्याली, चुड्का, सालैजो, बाह्रमासा, दोहोरी, बालगीत आदि विशेषरूपमा प्रचलित रहेका  छन् । यस लेखमा यिनै गीतहरूको सङ्कलन गरी अध्ययन गरिएको छ ।
भाषिक विश्लेषणको संरचनावादी पद्धति
Authors: Paudel Sheskanta
Published: May 2022

संरचनात्मक भाषाविज्ञान बीसौँ शताब्दीमा विकसित भएको भाषिक अध्ययनको आधुनिक पद्धति  हो । यसको अवधारणा परम्परागत भाषिक अध्ययनभन्दा भिन्न मान्यताका साथ विकसित भएको हो । संरचनात्मक भाषाविज्ञानले भाषिक विश्लेषण गर्दा भाषालाई सिङ्गो संरचना मानी भाषाका संरचक घटकका रूपमा वर्ण, रूप र वाक्यको छुट्टा छुट्टै विश्लेषण गर्नुपर्ने धारणा राख्दछ । यही धारणाका आधारमा वर्णको विश्लेषण गर्दा सामग्रीको सङ्कलन, आलेखन, वर्ण निर्धारणका सन्दर्भमा लघुतम युग्मको चयन, व्यतिरेकी वितरण, मुक्त परिवर्तन, पद्घतिगत समरूपता, वितरणको सीमा आदिका सन्दर्भमा वर्णको विश्लेषण गर्दछ । त्यस्तै गरी रूप विश्लेषणका सन्दर्भमा रूपहरूको निर्धारणका सैद्घान्तिक व्याख्या, रूपका अनेक प्रकार र रूप विश्लेषणका प्रक्रिया वा पद्घतिको विश्लेषण गर्दछ । त्यस्तै गरी वाक्य विश्लेषणका सन्दर्भमा वाक्यका संरचक घटकका रूपमा पदावली र उपवाक्यको विश्लेषण, संरचनाका आधारमा वाक्यका विविध प्रकारको विश्लेषण तथा निकटघटक विश्लेषणका आधारमा सिङ्गो वाक्यात्मक संरचनाको घटकीय सम्बन्धको विश्लेषण गर्दछ । यिनै कुराहरूको व्यवस्थित अध्ययन नै यो लेखको मूल सार हो ।
यसरी एउटा नाउँ काटिन्छ कथामा सबाल्टर्न
Authors: Bhusal Raju
Published: May 2022

प्रस्तुत लेखमा पारिजातद्वारा लिखित ‘यसरी एउटा नाउँ काटिन्छ’ कथालाई सबाल्टर्न सिद्घान्तका दृष्टिले विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । सदियौंदेखि इतिहासविहीन भएका वा बनाइएका समाजका किनारामा रहेर आवाज विहीन तथा अधिकारविहीन समुदाय नै सबाल्टर्न हुन् । सबाल्टर्न एउटा बृहत् सिद्घान्त हो । विचार धारात्मकरूपले हेर्दा यसमा एकभन्दा बढी विचारको बहुलता देखिन्छ । यसभित्र सबै प्रकारका विभेदहरूका कारण किनारीकृत हुन पुगेका सबै शोषित पीडितहरू अटाउन सक्ने भए पनि यस लेखमा सबाल्टर्न वर्गको वर्गीय, लैङ्गिक र जातीय अवस्था पहिचान गरी समाजमा उनीहरूको स्थान, प्रभुत्व र प्रतिरोधको अवस्थाको विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । यस कथाको समाजमा वर्गीय दृष्टिले उच्च वर्गको, जातीय दृष्टिले नछुट्टिए पनि उच्च संस्कृतिको समुदायका जातिको र लैङ्गिक दृष्टिले पुरूषको प्रभुत्व रहेको देखिन्छ भने प्रतिरोधको भावना सबाल्टर्न वर्गमा देखिदैन भन्ने निष्कर्ष निकालिएको छ ।
Diasporic Consciousness in Bharati Gautam’s Vigata Ra Baduli
Authors: Timalsina Ramji
Published: May 2022

This article aims to explore the diasporic consciousness reflected through Bharati Gautam’s collection of memoirs Vigata Ra Baduli [Past and Hiccups]. As an American Nepali diasporic writer, Gautam has given expression to her experiences in the book. Spending about three and half decades as a diasporan, the writer’s consciousness is different from that of the common Nepali migrants to the USA. To analyse Gautam’s consciousness, this research has used African American philosopher DuBois’s idea of double consciousness. Different interpretations of DuBoisian double consciousness agree that a diasporan has a specific transnational awareness. The elemental aspects of such awareness are the dual nature of thought, relationship to the memory of the homeland, confused state of mind, alienation, a sense of loss of history and culture along with the gain of new cosmopolitan identity. The analysis concludes that Gautam’s diasporic consciousness is expressed through her conscious dealing with diasporic distance, marginalization and discrimination in both the homeland and hostland, the realization of her own divided self, feeling of alienation and the connection with the root. It is hoped that this study will contribute to the discourse of Nepali diasporic consciousness.
Rabindranath Tagore and World Literature
Authors: Acharya Pushpa Raj
Published: May 2022

Courses on world literature in English translations indicate to a new popular trend in the discipline of comparative literature in North American universities. Some scholars like David Damrosch promote the practice as a new way of doing comparative literature, but others like Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak think that an encyclopedic survey of world literatures in English translations confirms the logic of globalization. Whether the world literature courses and anthologies in English translation inspire enthusiasm or invite reservation, the question "What is world literature?" has come to the fore as one of the central concerns of the discipline. In 1907, eighty years after German poet Johann Wolfgang von Goethe in Germany coined the term Weltliteratur, Rabindranath Tagore in India expressed his views on “comparative literature” translating it as vishwa sahitya, “world literature.” My paper is a reading of Tagore’s lecture on world literature. Tagore envisions world literature as a creative transgression that activates a persistent human struggle for a bonding between aesthetics and alterity.
COVID 19 and Mucormycosis Co-infection
Authors: Nayak Niranjan
Published: May 2022

N/A
Correlation Between Computed Tomography Severity Score and Mortality in Patients with COVID-19 Chest Infection
Authors: Sharma Prakash , Lalchan Subita , KC Subash , Gyawali Merina , Karki Dipesh , Kushwaha Niraj , Pun Benju Tilija , Pokhrel Amrit
Published: May 2022

Introduction:  Computed Tomography (CT)  is one of the most essential diagnostic tools for early identification and treatment of COVID -19 pneumonia.  The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between CT severity score and mortality in COVID-19 patients.
Method: A total of 62 patients with confirmed COVID-19 were included in this study. All these patients underwent High resolution computed tomography (HRCT) chest using a standard protocol. The CT severity score in all of these patients was calculated and the results were analyzed by SPSS version 21.
Results: A higher CT severity score was associated with higher chances of mortality in the patients of COVID-19. There was no significant association of mortality with the age, sex, and number of lobes involvement
Conclusion: HRCT chest can help in the early identification of the patients who need to be admitted to the Intensive care unit. Early admission and intervention to patients with high CT severity scores can help to reduce mortality.
The Epidemiology and Treatment of Pulled Elbow in Pediatric Population
Authors: Sapkota Krishna , Ranjeet Niraj , Thapa Pabin , Onta Pratyenta Raj , Thapa Upendra Jung
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The pulled elbow is one of the common conditions in children that bring them to an emergency. Children present with not being able to move their forearms.

Methods: We conducted a prospective study of patients presented with a history suggestive of the pulled elbow. Here we study demographic character, clinical presentations, and reduction technique. 

Results: There were a total of 96 patients with the pulled elbow. The mean age of the patient was 29.62 ± 13.14 months, with boys 27 (28.1%) and girls 69 (71.9%). The left side was commonly involved 67 (69%). History of traction injury is the most common mode of injury. The success rate of reduction by supination-flexion is 87.5%, whereas the success rate of hyper pronation is 95.83%. There was no significant difference between the two methods of reduction (p-value > 0.05).  

Conclusion: The pulled elbow is common at 2 years, with female children predominant. Click in the region of radial head palpable during reduction confirms the diagnosis and signs of successful treatment. Hyper-pronation was easy, more effective at the first attempt, and the most successful reduction technique.
Functional Outcome of Hybrid External Fixator in Tibial Pilon Fractures
Authors: Ranjeet Niraj , Sapkota Krishna , Thapa Pabin , Onta Pratyenta Raj , Thapa Upendra Jung , Wahegaonkar Krishna
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Tibial pilon fractures are difficult fractures mostly secondary to high-energy trauma. There are various options to treat these fractures, but the priority is always an anatomic reduction and articular congruity with good soft tissue handling. The aim of the study was to analyze the functional outcome of tibial pilon fractures managed with a hybrid external fixator as definitive management.

Methods: We evaluated 28 patients with tibial pilon fractures with a mean age of 34.8 years. All patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were taken to the operating room for debridement and application of a hybrid external fixator.

Results: The most common mechanism of injury was road traffic accidents and most of our patients had comminuted fractures. The fibula was fractured in 23 (82.14%) of our patients. The fractures united on an average of 15.28 weeks.  Based on the Ovadia & Beals objective scoring system 75% of our patients scored excellent or good on objective scoring and subjective scoring 82.14% of our patients scored excellent or good. We had 12 cases of pin tract infection, 2 cases of delayed union, and 2 cases of malunion but no incidence of non-union, osteomyelitis, or septic arthritis. Eight of our patients had ankle joint stiffness.

Conclusion: Hybrid external fixator is an effective method of treatment for tibial pilon fractures with comparable union rate and complications to other modalities.
Incidence and risk factors of perineal tears of pregnant women delivering at a midwife obstetric unit South Africa
Authors: Hoque Akm Monjurul , Buckus Somaya
Published: May 2022

Aim: To estimate the incidence and risk factors for perineal tears of low-risk pregnant women delivering at a midwife obstetric unit.
Methods:  A retrospective study performed on perineal tear during childbirth from birth register at midwife run unit in Durban municipality, South Africa between January 2018 and October 2019. Risk factors were studied and bivariate and logistic regression done. Results are expressed with adjusted odds ratios (OR) and p-values <0.05 are considered significant.
Results: A total of 1578 women had singleton vaginal childbirths. Half (50.6%) of them have perineal tears. The incidences of episiotomy, combined first-and second, and third-and fourth- degree (OASI) tears are 24.3%, 25.1% and 1.1% respectively. Risk factors for any perineal tears are younger mothers (teenage OR=2.9, 20-24 years OR=2.2), primipara (OR= 15.8), received antenatal care (OR=.47) and gestational age (GA) (<32 weeks OR=.05). The risk factors for episiotomy are; teenage (OR=5.4), ages 20-24 years (OR=4.2), ages 25-29 years (OR=3.0), primipara (OR=12.4), GA (£32 weeks OR=.16), GA 33-36 weeks (OR=.6) and having antenatal care (OR=.41). Birth weight <2.5 kg and between 2.5-3.0 kgs (OR=.014) and (OR=.09) are protective for OASI.
Conclusions: Risk factors for the perineal injuries are similar to those previously reported in other studies. Training of midwives on perineal care and selection for undertaking episiotomy is urgently needed to improve maternity services at the midwife obstetric unit. Identification of those at risk may reduce obstetric perineal injury.
Intraosseous Hydatid cyst of sacrum and pelvic bone. An Uncommon Occurrence
Authors: Koirala Sapana , Adhikari Kapil , Bhattarai Rakshya
Published: May 2022

Skeletal hydatidosis results from deposition of the larval form of the Echinococcus, a genus of tapeworm. The incidence of bone disease is extremely low as most larvae are trapped by the liver and lung upon release of the embryo into the portal blood stream. Bone hydatid disease is often asymptomatic and its diagnosis is usually made at an advanced stage when lesions have become extensive. The interpretation of imaging studies can prove very confusing as there are no characteristic features and this often leads to misdiagnosis. We present a case of a 83 year-old man who was admitted to BPKIHS, Dharan complaining of pain and swelling in left hip.CT scan  showed lytic lesion in sacral vertebra involving  left sacroiliac joint and ilium and was falsely diagnosed as tuberculosis or  neoplastic in nature. The result of  FNAC concurred on an unexpected diagnosis of a hydatid cyst. This case illustrates that in the absence of  high index of suspicion for echinococcal infection, imaging findings of hydatid disease in bone mimic to those of other skeletal pathologies and can lead to misinterpretation.
Cold Abscess in Neck Masquerading as Infected Thyroglossal Cyst: A Case Report.
Authors: Jha Anamika , Lamichanne Suman , Jha Sujit
Published: May 2022

Midline cystic neck swellings are often seen in younger patients and may have several causes.  Sonography is the initial imaging modality followed by a Computer Tomography (CT) scan with MRI being reserved as a problem-solving tool or for preoperative extent evaluation. Pathology usually uses fine-needle aspiration cytology to confirm the diagnosis. We report a case where a cold abscess presenting as cystic midline neck swelling in a young patient, was misinterpreted as an infected thyroglossal cyst on sonography. The presence of lesions consistent with pulmonary tubercular infection helped clinch the diagnosis on the CT scan. This case also highlights the fact that whenever possible a common cause should be sought for different lesions occurring simultaneously.
Diagnostic accuracy of color doppler Ultrasonography and FNAC in differentiating benign and malignant cervical lymphadenopathies at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital, Morang, Nepal
Authors: Khanal Bipin , Gautam Mahesh , Pathak Manish Raj , Kafle Neeta
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Among various imaging modalities useful in diagnosis of  cervical lymphadenopathies, Color Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) is useful to evaluate and determine the presence of vascularity, resistance, direction, and velocity of blood flow in lymph nodes. It can determine the morphological and vascular nature of lymphadenopathies which will further help in the differentiation between benign and malignant nodes.
Methods: This study was conducted on 61 patients referred to the Department of radiodiagnosis and imaging of BiratMedcical College for an ultrasound of cervical lymphadenopathy. These patients had subsequently undergone FNAC examination. Color Doppler sonographic procedures were done with an 11L linear probe with a frequency of 4.5-12MHz and CDUS evaluation of lymph nodes for Resistive Index and Peak systolic velocity were carried out and correlated with FNAC findings.
Results: Among 61 lymph nodes, 52 were benign and 9 were malignant in the Color Doppler study where the final diagnosis by FNAC showed 53 benign and 8 malignant nodes. RI above the cutoff value of 0.5 had 83.3% sensitivity, 79.6% specificity, 50% PPV and 95.1% NPV. PSV above the cutoff value of 16cm/sec had 66.6% sensitivity, 95.9% specificity, 80.0% PPV and 92.2% NPV with diagnostic accuracy of 91.8%.
Conclusion: Morphological features of the nodes such as shape, absence of echogenic hilum, abnormal vascular pattern, and Doppler indices cutoff values of 0.5 and 16cm/s respectively for RI and PSV were sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of malignant lymph nodes.
Biobriquetting Experience of Nepal and Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST)
Authors: Singh Ramesh Man
Published: May 2022

Animal dung briquettes are widely used in rural Nepal as they are cheap, easy to make and based on local materials. But their combustion and use, have negative impact on the health of women and children. Likewise, fuelwood is also still widely used for cooking and heating, causing adverse impact on forest conservation, environment and climate change. Search for alternatives to dung and fuelwood is a continuous process andfuel briquettes based on agro-forest waste is an attractive option. NAST, since its inception in 1982, has been continuously working in this area, introducing different technologies through many projects. It extended R&D and financial support to different individuals and industries working on biobriquetting. It was able to establish a biomass laboratory and Briquette Training Centre with workshop facilities to extend R&D and pedagogic support to university, college students and private sector. Many trainings were conducted under the Biovillage program and different projects. NAST even deputed its staff as JICA expert on biomass briquetting, brought teachers and engineers from Rwanda to be trained in NAST briquette training center. Many projects on briquetting were accomplished making NAST a credible institution in the area of biobriquetting
Evaluation of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) Genotypes for Spring Season Production in the Mid–Hills of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha SurendraLal , Dhakal Mira , Sapkota Sangeeta , Gautam Ishwori Prasad , Pandey Suprabha , Shrestha Yadav
Published: May 2022

Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L.) is one of the most popular and demanded vegetable in Nepal. Seedlings of seven genotypes of squash gourd; Super Squash Ball, Squash Long, Squash Light, Squash Green Ball, Squash Green House Sondo V (check) and Grey Zucchini (check) were transplanted on second week of March in two consecutive years; 2016 and 2017 in field condition at Khumaltar with a spacing of 90 x 90 cm in four replications. The standard recommended dose of fertilizers (240:180:60 NPK kg/ha + 15 ton FYM/ha) and minimum pesticide and fungicide was applied. The main objective of this experiment was to find out suitable high yielding and insect pest and disease tolerant hybrid Zucchini cultivars for commercial production in mid-hills of Nepal. Crops were evaluated for their vegetative, insect pest and disease, and yield attributing parameters. Among the tested genotypes; Squash Long was found highly uniform, vigorous, least virus and insect damage, significantly higher number of fruits(8.6), and yield (3894 g) per plant and yield (46.89 t/ha) followed by Super Squash Ball having highly uniform, less insect and powdery mildew damage, significantly higher number of fruits (8.5) and yield (2565 g) per plant and yield (29.28 t/ha) as compared to check Sondo V and Grey Zucchini where Sondo V had yield (22.50 t/ha and 1703 g/plant), number of fruits (5.6), per plant respectively. Squash Long and Super Squash Ball have been selected and recommended for cultivation during spring season in mid-hills of Nepal.
Teachers and Students' Perception on Intended and Enacted Teaching Methods in Higher Education Teaching
Authors: Mishra Nirmal Raj
Published: May 2022

The curriculum, pedagogy and assessment are the crucial interrelated elements for effective teaching learning activities in the higher education classroom. Due to so, this research project focused on analyzing the teachers and students perception on intended and enacted teaching methods in higher education teaching at Tribhuvan University. For this, the qualitative research design was applied to explore the subjective realities of research problem. It was more descriptive as well as interpretive in nature.  During this process, the curriculum study, open ended questionnaire and participant observation methods were used to collect the verbal information for this interpretive inquiry. It found that both teachers and students positively perceived the six-month semester based program and expected that it would help to promote the activity based teaching learning activities. But, teachers were used to in lecturer method and more popular in higher education teaching. Beside this, the teachers were mostly practicing the lecture, demonstration through multimedia projector, question answer, self-study, project work and home assignment during the classroom instruction for professional core course curriculum.
Exercise of Multiparty System through the Major Electoral Practices in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Amrit Kumar
Published: May 2022

Nepal has entered into multiparty democracy in 1951. From begging to till dates of these seven decades, three decades were practiced party-less Panchayat system where political parties were outlawed. Within the remaining four decades Nepal has conducted seven national elections held in accordance to democratic norms and values. Many political parties fielded their candidates in these elections. They got various positions as per the cast of votes by Nepalese citizens. Results of elections show that Nepal has implemented the multiparty system. That was not the single or bi-party system. This article tries to analyze the participation of political parties in the elections and their position after the elections. It is based on reports published by the election commission after each election of Nepal. It analyzes only data of national elections. Nepali Congress (NC) a rightist party is a popular party of Nepal; results of elections proved it. Similarly, communists are also popular among Nepalese voters. They obtained higher votes in some national elections of Nepal. Other some rightist and leftist parties have also appeared in a significant position in the scenario of national politics of Nepal.
Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Hospices (ICoH): Senior Management Cohort and Grey Evidence Report
Authors: Fleming Joanna , MacArtney John I. , Eccles Abi , Grimley Catherine , Wesson Helen , Mayland Catriona , Mitchell Sarah , van Langen-Datta Shalene , Driscoll Ruth , Almack Kathryn , Dale Jeremy , Tatnell Lynn , Roberts Lesley
Published: May 2022

This report describes the diversity of experiences of people with life-limiting illnesses who were supported by hospices in the West Midlands during the pandemic. It is one of four cohort reports – the others focus on patients, carers, and frontline hospice staff respectively – that form the evidence base for a Policy Report into the impact of Covid-19 on hospices. In these reports we address the nine key themes that were identified as potentially important in our previous collaborative knowledge synthesis (MacArtney et al., 2021) and seek to address some of the policy gaps we identified in our review of recommendations for hospice practice and policy (van Langen-Datta et al., 2022). Together these outputs are the result of an Economic and Social Research Council funded study (grant number: ES/W001837/1) that is one of the first studies to contribute an in-depth exploration of hospice-based experiences of the pandemic to the growing body of knowledge about the effectiveness and effects of changes to hospice services, at regional and national levels, in response to Covid-19.
As the key decision makers during the Covid-19 pandemic, this part of the ICoH study aimed to explore senior managers’ experiences and to understand how they responded to the challenges imposed on them whilst still delivering a high-quality palliative care service. Coupled with hospice grey evidence in the form of, for example, senior management emails to staff, policy and guideline documents, we can start to understand the pressures and context in which decisions were made, including what worked well and what did not. The aim of this report is therefore to explore experiences of senior managers during the Covid-19 pandemic to identify recommendations for clinical practice and healthcare policy. Drawing on these findings, this report offers recommendations for hospices managers and clinicians who continue to provide care and support for people with life limiting conditions during the ongoing pandemic. These recommendations will also be of interest to local commissioners who will need to work with hospices in their region to ensure people with life-limiting conditions receive the support they need, and national policymakers who will need to ensure the necessary resources and guidance are available.
De Rousseau à Rawls. La théorie de la justice comme « utopie réaliste » ?
Authors: Spector Céline
Published: May 2022

Dans l’histoire des usages philosophiques de Rousseau, John Rawls mérite sans conteste un traitement privilégié. L’auteur de la Théorie de la justice assume l’héritage de Rousseau – même si l’influence de ce penseur reste moindre, dans son œuvre, que celle de Kant. Tournant résolument le dos à la lecture anti-totalitaire du Contrat social, Rawls réintègre pleinement Rousseau à l’histoire de la pensée libérale et fait de la volonté générale l’un des piliers de la « société bien ordonnée ». Rousseau permet non seulement de penser la justice fondée sur le contrat, mais également la question de la « stabilité » d’une société : la théorie contractualiste exposée dans le Contrat social sert à préciser les enjeux du concept d’ égalité, dans son articulation à la liberté ; elle envisage le mécanisme de la volonté générale dont l’objet est de créer les conditions sociales de la justice, grâce à des institutions de base qui en assurent le socle ; elle s’interroge enfin sur la meilleure façon de créer « l’esprit social » ou les motivations qui permettront à ces institutions de se pérenniser. Loin d’être le précurseur du totalitarisme et le fossoyeur de la liberté, Rousseau apparaît ainsi comme le partisan d’une société juste et stable où seule peut s’accomplir la véritable liberté.
As dificuldades e os prejuízos decorrentes do foro privilegiado para as investigações de combate à corrupção
Authors: Damato Marcos André Araújo
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho trata das dificuldades e prejuízos decorrentes do foro privilegiado para as investigações policiais de combate à corrupção. O foro privilegiado consiste na previsão em nossa Constituição Federal de que em caso de crimes cujos autores (ou possíveis autores) sejam determinadas autoridades públicas, a investigação e ação penal estarão vinculadas a algum tribunal específico e não aos juízes de primeiro grau, como ocorre com os demais investigados e acusados. Inicialmente demonstra-se que o foro privilegiado viola o princípio constitucional da igualdade, pois é um instituto jurídico elitista que visa proteger indevidamente pessoas que ocupam altos cargos, e que as investigações e ações penais vinculadas originariamente a tribunais são altamente ineficientes, gerando impunidade. A metodologia utilizada baseia-se no estudo da legislação nacional, jurisprudência, doutrina e nas experiências profissionais do autor como Policial Federal atuante no combate à corrupção. Nos capítulos dedicados aos resultados, são apontadas dificuldades e prejuízos às investigações de combate à corrupção decorrentes do foro privilegiado, relacionados a: 1) Distância entre o local dos crimes e a sede do tribunal competente; 2) Reduzida quantidade de desembargadores e ministros de tribunais; 3) Dificuldades relacionadas ao início de investigações; 4) Investigações de membros do Judiciário e do Ministério Público como atribuição das próprias instituições; 5) A forma de escolha de desembargadores e ministros de tribunais vinculando-os ao Presidente da República; 6) Declínios de competência durante a tramitação de inquéritos e ações penais. Conclui-se que é necessária a revogação do foro privilegiado por meio de emenda constitucional, a fim de que todas as pessoas sejam julgadas da mesma forma em nosso País, e que a impunidade, inclusive dos crimes de corrupção, seja reduzida.
A instrumentalidade constitucional-democrática da investigação penal
Authors: Ferreira Thiago Marcantonio
Published: May 2022

O artigo analisa a função desempenhada pela investigação penal no Estado Social e Democrático de Direito. O velho paradigma de instrumentalização individualista e unidirecional da investigação penal já não se coaduna com o espírito das sociedades constitucionais democráticas. Propõe-se, assim, a adoção de um novo paradigma que reflita os vetores axiológicos do constitucionalismo e das sociedades democráticas. A instrumentalidade constitucional-democrática da investigação criminal manifesta-se na tutela dos valores constitucionais e na democratização de suas funções. O artigo está desenvolvido em quatro partes. Na primeira demonstra-se a existência de um dever jurídico estatal de investigar as condutas violadoras dos bens jurídicos penais como decorrência lógica do direito à segurança pública e como uma imposição do direito internacional dos direitos humanos. Na sequência, aborda-se alguns aspectos da investigação penal como materialização deste dever constitucional. Avança-se para as discussões em torno da classificação doutrinária do sistema processual penal brasileiro. Determinada a sua natureza inquisitivo-garantista informa-se a suas duas pedras fundamentais: separação de funções e controle externo. A parte final traz uma reflexão sobre a instrumentalidade constitucional-democrática da investigação penal conduzida pela Polícia Judiciária em detrimento das investigações conduzidas pela acusação e pela defesa.
Divisão de atribuições para a aplicação das normas de direito penal com relação aos agrotóxicos na região da fronteira
Authors: Rodrigues Ricardo
Published: May 2022

Este artigo analisa aspectos legais da importação ilegal e o transporte de agrotóxicos contrabandeados para o Brasil com especial atenção na casuística encontrada na região de fronteira oeste. Através de pesquisa bibliográfica descritiva, na qual será possível trazer a lume conceitos e estudos acerca do tema ora discutido, buscando entender as diferenças entre a legislação que cuida do contrabando definidos no Código Penal e na legislação que cuida da importação ilegal de agrotóxicos. A partir deste entendimento sobre a matéria, busca-se estabelecer a adequada divisão de atribuições entre o órgão de polícia judiciária federal e estadual para repressão e investigação destes crimes.
Los delitos medioambientales en el código penal español
Authors: Vinuesa Torregrosa Alfredo
Published: May 2022

La vigente Constitución española es el primer texto legal de nuestra historia que contiene en su artículo número 45, ubicado sistemáticamente en el Capítulo Tercero, intitulado “De los principios rectores de la política social y económica”, el derecho de la ciudadanía a gozar de un Medio Ambiente adecuado para el desarrollo de las personas. Este derecho se complementa con el deber de todos los españoles de conservarlo y con la obligación de todos los poderes públicos de defenderlo, llegando para garantizar esta defensa a la imposición de sanciones a los infractores de aquél, juntamente con la obligación de reparar el daño causado.
FACTORS OF CONSERVATION OF THE READERS’ CARD CATALOGUES IN THE MUNICIPAL LIBRARIES IN THE EXPERT ASSESSMENTS
Authors:   FSBEI HE Altai state institute of culture, Malovichko Yevgeniya Valeryevna
Published: May 2022

The article gives a comparative analysis of electronic and card library readers’ catalogues, characterizes the functions of the paper catalogue as an important component of the reference search apparatus of the library infor-mation institution and the source of reference library servicing of different cat-egories of information consumers. The views of the prominent theorists of the modern Russian library science (E.R. Sukiasyan, L.B. Zuparova, etc.) concern-ing the usefulness of parallel introduction of traditional catalogues and their digital versions have been analyzed. The key factors that condition the librar-ies’ decision in favor of maintaining paper catalogues in actual condition are considered. In the author’s conclusion, keeping card catalogues in the epoch of digital transformation of information environment is guaranteed by the set of conditions the basic of which is the demand from the library readers.
REFLECTION OF THE AUTHOR’S PUBLICATIONS AND STU-DENTS’ ARTICLES ON THE PAGES OF THE JOURNAL «BIBLIOPANORAMA» (2009-2020)
Authors:   FSBEI HE «East Siberian state Institute of culture», Ezova Svetlana Andreevna
Published: May 2022

Within the complex study of the department of library and information resources «Book culture of the Baikal region», library communication and eth-ics were one of the directions of library science of the Republic of Buryatia within the period of 1991-2021. Various ways of its research have been re-flected in the journal «Bibliopanorama» (2009-2020) for 11 years, which was published by the National library of the Republic of Buryatia (executive editor R.I. Khamaganova). The article is devoted to the analysis of the development of this problem, in which the author of the publication reflected her experience and that of some bachelors and magistrates whose graduation projects she had supervised.
FOLK GAMES AND A MODERN CHILD
Authors:   FSBEI HE «East Siberian state Institute of culture», Kharitonova Svetlana Alexandrovna
Published: May 2022

The article considers the features of organizing the play activity of a modern child, describes the changes that the game has undergone today. The author highlights the positive sides of folk and national games, considers their importance in the formation of the younger generation.
Rancang Bangun Sistem Penyewaan Charging Elektronik Dengan Daya Panel Surya Berbasis IOT
Authors: Nurunnisa Dira , Thalib Farid
Published: May 2022

Perkembangan teknologi saat ini semakin berkembang pesat, terutama dalam bidang sumber energi. Dengan adanya Panel Surya atau disebut dengan Solar Cell maka dapat mengubah energi matahari menjadi energi listrik. Salah satu alat komunikasi yang terbilang sangat di gemari masyarakat adalah smartphone. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu alat yang praktis dan mudah dalam pengisian baterai yang memanfaatkan sumber energi alternatif, yaitu menggunakan panel surya. Sistem Penyewaan Charging Elektronik Dengan Daya Panel Surya Berbasis IOT merupakan rangkaian yang mempunyai input dari RFID Reader dan Button. Menjalani proses di mikrokontroler Raspberry Pi 3 B dengan program bahasa Python yang ditanamkan untuk proses input dan outputnya. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pembuatan alat ini yaitu daya yang digunakan untuk mengisi daya elektronik user.
Get back–calorie restriction: Dr. Masoro’s legacy
Authors:   Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 4939 Charles Katz Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA., Ikeno Yuji , Flores Lisa C. ,   Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
Published: May 2022

After the initial discovery by MaCay and colleagues, which showed that reduced food intake extended the lifespan in rats, many aging researchers used calorie restriction (CR) as an experimental paradigm to seek the underlying mechanisms of aging and anti-aging actions of CR. Among those many researchers, one of the most intensive and systematical studies was carried out by Dr. Edward Masoro and his colleagues. Dr. Masoro’s approach with a strict animal maintenance protocol in a barrier facility along with using a defined semisynthetic diet allowed him to yield a large amount of data and very important information for the advancement of current aging research to areas such as reduced GH/IGF-1 actions, suppression of mTOR signaling, reduced senescent cell accumulation, enhanced insulin sensitivity and signaling, and others (Sirt1 and hormesis), etc. The interventions of a single mechanism/pathway have demonstrated an exciting and promising outcome for the translational aspect to humans. However, CR is still considered the most effective intervention of aging. The mammalian aging process seems to be far more complex than our initial prediction, and the anti-aging effects shown by CR require synergistic alterations of multiple mechanisms/pathways. Therefore, it may be time for us to get back and re-visit Dr. Masoro’s legacy by further examining the complexity of mechanisms of aging and the effects of CR. These further experiments are necessary to validate the successful implementation of CR to human aging (including lifespan, healthspan, and various age-related diseases) because of its diversity of genetic backgrounds, dietary compositions, lifestyle, and other factors that are different from the experimental animals in well-defined laboratory conditions. Keywords: Calorie restriction, fischer 344 rats, aging
Spelling Errors and Social Media Outrage
Authors: Sweet T. Andi
Published: May 2022

After Elections Canada announced the 2021 Canadian Federal Election in August of the same year, the political parties implemented their campaign strategies. Amongst social media and doorknocking campaigns, one document released by the Conservative Party of Canada attracted attention online due to excessive spelling errors. To better understand whether this mailer was an error or intentional, this paper explores the CPC’s larger social media campaign and the strategic patterns used historically by their marketing company to provide more context to why something as simple as spelling errors can be a piece of effective campaigning. By understanding the firehose of outrage-inducing content implemented by the CPC in the 2021 election, this paper concludes that the spelling errors were part of an intentional plan to build outrage and stoke further divide between Canada’s increasingly polarized political parties.
Neurofibromatosis 1 Presence in Breast Tissue: Case Report
Authors: Lichtman-Mikol Samuel
Published: May 2022

Neurofibromatosis 1, also known as Von Recklinghausen disease, is the most common of the three neurofibromatoses. It is a multi-organ disease that is characterized by the development of cutaneous neurofibromas, plexiform neurofibromas, optic nerve gliomas, astrocytomas, Lisch nodules, and pheochromocytomas. We present a case of 66-year-old woman with NF-1. The disease presents with multiple cutaneous neurofibromas in both breasts. People living with NF-1 disease might have a different course of malignancy or other associated symptoms than the average individual without NF-1. It is essential that patients presenting with NF-1 symptoms are followed longitudinally to ensure that the progression of their symptoms are appropriately treated.
Assessing Differential Item Functioning (DIF) For Pearson Test of English (PTE) a study of Test Takers with Different Fields of Study
Authors: Ghaemi Hamed
Published: May 2022

Differential Item Functioning (DIF), which is a statistical feature of an item and provides a sign of unpredicted performance of items on a test, occurs once dissimilar groups of test takers with the same level of ability show different performance on a single test. The aim of this paper was to examine DIF on the Pearson Test of English (PTE) test items. To that end, 250 intermediate EFL learners with the age range of 26 - 36 in two different fields of study (125, Engineering, and 125 Sciences) were randomly chosen for the analysis. The Item Response Theory (IRT) Likelihood Ratio (LR) approach was utilized to find items showing DIF. The scored items of 250 PTE test takers were analyzed using the IRT three-parameter model utilizing item difficulty (b parameter), item discrimination (a parameter), and pseudo-guessing (c parameter). The results of the independent samples t-test for comparison of means in two groups depicted that Science participants performed better than the Engineering ones particularly in Speaking & Writing and Reading sections. It is evident that the PTE test was statistically easier for the Science students at 0.05 level. Linguistic analyses of Differential Item Functioning items also confirmed the findings of the quantitative part, indicating a far better performance on the part of Science students.
DAMPAK GLOBALISASI INFORMASI TERHADAP PERILAKU KONSUMTIF DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA JAKARTA
Authors: Partadisastra Amanda Mirasherly , Taji Brilliant Sekar , Sulistiawati Dwi , Hasanah Hana
Published: May 2022

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh konsekuensi dari pengaruh globalisasi informasi yang berdampak pada perilaku sosial generasi muda. Salah satu bentuk perilaku sosial yang timbul adalah perilaku sosial konsumtif. Perilaku ini menyerang generasi muda yang berdomisili di kota metropolitan, seperti Jakarta, yang merupakan ibukota negara sekaligus kota terbesar di Indonesia. Globalisasi informasi menjadikan generasi muda masa kini sangat mudah terpengaruh oleh budaya yang serba digital dan bergantung pada penggunaan internet. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh globalisasi informasi terhadap perilaku sosial konsumtif mahasiswa di Jakarta sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk mengatasi dampak negatif dan mengedepankan dampak positif yang ditimbulkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui metode survei yang disusun menggunakan kuesioner dalam bentuk google form. Hasil penelitian mengemukakan bahwa frekuensi dalam mengakses informasi merupakan indikator dominan dalam globalisasi informasi yang mempengaruhi perilaku konsumtif mahasiswa di Jakarta. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah terdapat pengaruh signifikan yang diberikan oleh globalisasi informasi terhadap perilaku konsumtif, yang mana melibatkan media dan substansi informasi.
Upward Communication oleh Pegawai Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean A Pasuruan Pada Kebijakan Cukai Hasil Tembakau Tahun 2020
Authors: Adinda Aissa Roselina
Published: May 2022

Kesuksesan dalam mewujudkan organisasi yang baik adalah terjadinya komunikasi internal efektif antara bawahan dan atasan. Namun, komunikasi internal organisasi yang sulit dilakukan adalah komunikasi ke atas karena komunikatornya memiliki hambatan komunikasi. Upward communication digunakan pegawai Kantor Pengawasan dan Pelayanan Bea dan Cukai Tipe Madya Pabean A Pasuruan (KPPBC TMP A Pasuruan) yang menjalankan Kebijakan Cukai Hasil Tembakau (KCHT) Tahun 2020. Berdasarkan data dari Kementerian Kesehatan jumlah perokok di Indonesia semakin meningkat setiap tahunnya. Sehingga sebagai upaya untuk menekan prevalensi jumlah perokok adalah mengoptimalkan penerimaan negara dengan cara menetapkan Kebijakan Cukai Hasil Tembakau Tahun 2020. Kebijakan ini merupakan kebijakan dengan kenaikan tarif cukai hasil tembakau tertinggi dengan rata-rata kenaikan 23%. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan upward communication pada instansi pemerintah yang berhasil memiliki sejumlah prestasi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Data diperoleh dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) upward communication lebih banyak berupa masalah operasional dibandingkan dengan ide strategis, 2) saluran penyampaian masalah operasional berbeda dengan saluran penyampaian ide strategis,dan 3) bawahan menunjukkan perilaku defensif ketika menyampaikan ide strategis.
Manual de Semiologia Neurológica
Authors: Sousa Emanuel de Jesus Soares de , Sousa Gustavo Celeira de , Silva Natalia Kiss Nogueira da
Published: May 2022

O e-book Manual de Semiologia Neurológica é uma iniciativa de professores/pesquisadores do curso de medicina da Universidade do Estado do Pará-UEPA, que tem o intuito de apresentar, de forma acessível e objetiva, os conhecimentos básicos sobre neurologia aos estudantes de medicina.
Magnus Erlendsson, Medieval Ruler Martyrs and Realization of Christian Ideals amid (Political) Violence
Authors: Malmenvall Simon
Published: May 2022

The phenomenon of ruler martyrs was common between the tenth and twelfth centuries in the recently Christianized lands on the eastern and northern periphery of Europe—one of them were the Orkney Islands with jarl Magnus Erlendsson (died in 1115/1117). Like Christ, who gave his life for the peace and redemption of the world, Magnus gave his life for the peace and redemption of the people of the Orkneys. This also explains why the earliest texts produced on the peripheries of medieval Europe were all about local saints. Wherever God’s presence was manifested through a saintly ruler, his people were, despite their late adoption of the new faith, integrated into the symbolic center of the Christian world. Consequently, the conduct of exceptional rulers to persevere in peace amid political violence was a manifestation of the creation of a new Christian community.