bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of the Government in the Development of the Rechargeable Battery Industry in Korea
Authors: Jeong Eunsun , Mah Jai S.
Published: September 2022

This article discusses the role of the government in the development of the rechargeable battery, particularly the lithium-ion battery, industry in Korea. The Korean government aimed to promote the small-sized rechargeable batteries in the late 1990s and early 2000s. It began to emphasize support of the middle- to large-sized lithium-ion batteries in the early 2010s. The policy measures have comprised enhancing infrastructure such as human capital and establishment of a rechargeable battery testing center, increasing R&D expenditure, and promoting the electric vehicle (EV) industry through tax and financial incentives, public procurement, and increasing the number of EV charging facilities. Korea has become one of the leading lithium-ion battery producers in the world. The three large Korean companies, i.e. LG Chem, Samsung SDI, and SK Innovation, have come to share more than one-third of the global production of lithium-ion batteries in 2020. Korea’s experience provides policy implications to other countries intending to develop technology-intensive industries. It would be needed for the WTO system to modify the provisions in the sense of providing policy space for development of technology-intensive industries of developing countries.
Il potere delle donne e della loro parola nella Sīrat al-Zīr Sālim
Authors: Potenza Daniela
Published: September 2022

Though, on a first approach, the Sīrat al-Zīr Sālim seems dominated by men, a closer reading reveals that women unexpectedly change the course of events. Especially in today’s printed widespread version, all women existing in this famous popular romance have the power (the so-called “power-with”) to deal with a communal situation for the benefit of a collectivity. This can be said even of Suʿād, which is commonly regarded as the villain of the story. Focusing on women’s words, namely the only words that have the power to persuade, this article aims at showing women’s power and their word’s power in the Sīrat al-Zīr Sālim.
A taxonomic revision of the genus Callilepis DC. (Asteraceae) in South Africa.
Authors: HERMAN PAUL P.J.
Published: September 2022

A complete revision of the genus Callilepis is presented. Most specimens in herbaria are identified either as C. leptophylla or C. laureola because of misconceptions about the other previously described species. A key to all the taxa is provided, full descriptions of all the taxa drawn up and distribution maps given. Two new species (C. nepotiana and C. retiefiae) and one new variety (C. hispida var. paucicephala) are described. The two names C. glabra and C. hispida are re-instated while C. laureola is reduced to a synonym under C. hispida. The names C. glabra and C. laureola are lectotipified. The monotypic genus Zoutpansbergia is included in Callilepis. The genus description is emended to include information of the taxa with corymbose synflorescences and imbricate involucral bracts.
Brevisomabathynella gen. nov. with two new species from Western Australia (Bathynellacea, Syncarida): the first definitive evidence of predation in Parabathynellidae
Authors: CHO JOO-LAE , PARK JONG-GEUN , REDDY Y. RANGA
Published: September 2022

Brevisomabathynella gen. nov. is established for two new species, B. cooperi sp. nov. and B. cunyuensis sp. nov., from Western Australia. An illustrated description of both species is given. The two species stand out in the family Parabathynellidae by their pygmoid body (the ratio of length to width: 5) and the relatively long head (equaling the anterior five thoracic segments combined). The following characters of both new species associated with the mouthparts are also unique within the Parabathynellidae: (i) the gargantuan labrum with a high number (> 30) of narrow teeth, (ii) the incisor process with four main and three tiny additional teeth, arranged in two size groups, and (iii) the two disto-inner spines of the distal endite of the maxillule being longer than the terminal spines. These unusual characters seem to have developed in response to the predatory habits, which is evidenced by the presence of an unidentified ostracod prey in the gut of B. cunyuensis. The new genus, with its primitive characters, closely resembles the genus Notobathynella Schminke, 1973.
A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Lacertilia: Gekkonidae) from Papua New Guinea
Authors: KRAUS FRED , ALLISON ALLEN
Published: September 2022

We describe a new gecko, Cyrtodactylus murua, from Woodlark Island, off the southeastern tip of Papua New Guinea. The new species differs from all Papuan congeners except C. louisiadensis (de Vis) and C. aaroni Günther & Rösler in having a single row of enlarged subcaudal scales. From C. louisiadensis, the new species is easily distinguished by its color pattern and by having fewer rows of enlarged dorsal tubercles; from C. aaroni by its larger size and fewer dark dorsal bands. The new species is almost certainly restricted to Woodlark Island and represents the first endemic reptile described from that island.
The identity of Pseudecheneis sulcata (M’Clelland, 1842),with descriptions of two new species of rheophilic catfish (Teleostei: Sisoridae) from Nepal and China
Authors: NG HEOK HEE
Published: September 2022

The identity of Pseudecheneis sulcata is clarified in this study, and the species is redescribed.  Pseudecheneis sulcata (from the Brahmaputra River drainage) can be distinguished from congeners in having a unique combination of the lack of a prominent bony spur on the anterodorsal surface of the first dorsal-fin pterygiophore, presence of a first dorsal-fin element, bifid neural spines on the complex vertebra, the neural spines of the last 2–3 preanal and first 6–7 postanal vertebrae gradually increasing in height, separate pelvic fins, a less convex snout when viewed laterally,  presence of pale spots on the body, 36–39 vertebrae, 12–14 transverse laminae on the thoracic adhesive apparatus, pelvic-fin length 21.2–28.7% SL, pectoral-fin length 121.6–156.3 % HL, length of adipose-fin base 17.8–22.7% SL, length of caudal peduncle 25.0–28.3% SL, depth of caudal peduncle 4.0–5.2% SL, and eye diameter 8.8–10.6% HL.  Pseudecheneis eddsi, new species, is described from tributaries of the Ganges River in Nepal.  Pseudecheneis eddsi can be distinguished from congeners by a unique combination of the presence of a prominent bony spur on the anterodorsal surface of the first dorsal-fin pterygiophore, presence of a first dorsal-fin element, bifid neural spines on the complex vertebra, the neural spines of the last 2–3 preanal and first 6–7 postanal vertebrae gradually increasing in height, separate pelvic fins, gently rounded snout when viewed dorsally, presence of pale spots on the body, 36–39 vertebrae, pelvic-fin length 18.0–20.9% SL, pectoral-fin length 114.9–156.0% HL, length of adipose-fin base 19.5–24.3% SL, length of caudal peduncle 25.2–27.8% SL, depth of caudal peduncle 3.5–5.3% SL, and eye diameter 9.6–12.8% HL.  Pseudecheneis stenura, new species, is also described from the Irrawaddy River drainage in southwestern China.  Pseudecheneis stenura can be distinguished from congeners by a unique combination of the presence of a prominent bony spur on the anterodorsal surface of the first dorsal-fin pterygiophore, presence of a first dorsal-fin element, bifid neural spines on the complex vertebra, the neural spines of the last 2–3 preanal and first 6–7 postanal vertebrae gradually increasing in height, separate pelvic fins, presence of pale spots on the body, 38–40 vertebrae, pelvic-fin length 20.4–24.3% SL, pectoral-fin length 160.4–196.9% HL, length of adipose-fin base 18.8–23.7% SL, length of caudal peduncle 30.3–34.5% SL, depth of caudal peduncle 2.9–3.6% SL, and eye diameter 9.2–12.8% HL.  A key to the species of Pseudecheneis is provided.
A new European species of Pegomya Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) near P. testacea (De Geer)
Authors: MICHELSEN VERNER
Published: September 2022

A new species of Pegomya Robineau-Desvoidy, P. prisca sp. nov., is described from Europe (Sweden, Czech Republic and Slovakia). It belongs to a species group together with the widespread West Palaearctic P. testacea (De Geer) and P. hamata Wei described from China. Differential descriptions and illustrations of the terminalia are given for the two species of the Pegomya testacea species group found in Europe. Morphological and other evidence suggests that saprophagous larval habits persist in a few species of Pegomya represented by the P. testacea and P. ruficeps species groups.
A Nearctic tubificid Varichaetadrilus harmani (Loden) n. comb. in a Dutch wetland, with remarks on Tubifex tubifex (Müller) (Annelida: Oligochaeta)
Authors: TIMM TARMO
Published: September 2022

Tubifex harmani Loden, 1979, was found in Europe (The Netherlands) for the first time and, after comparison with the type material, was transferred to the genus Varichaetadrilus Brinkhurst et Kathman, 1983. The definition of the genus is slightly amended. An externally similar phenotype of Tubifex tubifex (Müller, 1774) is described from a neighbouring site. The possible confusion of these two species elsewhere in Europe is discussed.
Dirt-encrusted and dragon millipedes (Diplopoda: Polydesmida: Paradoxosomatidae) from Queensland, Australia
Authors: MESIBOV ROBERT
Published: September 2022

Three unusual new Paradoxosomatidae are described from tropical north Queensland. Desmoxytoides hasenpuschorum n. gen., n. sp. closely resembles the dragon millipedes Desmoxytes of southeast Asia, but differs in gonopod details. Tholerosoma monteithi n. gen., n. sp. and T. corrugatum n. sp. are remarkable for their tightly attached coating of soil particles.
Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of` two new species
Authors: FERGUSON DOUGLAS C. , SCHMIDT B. CHRISTIAN
Published: September 2022

Grammia nevadensis (Grote & Robinson) is revised to consist of four subspecies: nevadensis, geneura (Strecker) revised status, gibsoni (McDunnough) revised status and superba (Stretch). Grammia behrii (Stretch) revised status is raised from synonymy with G. nevadensis and re-described, and a neotype is designated. Two new species of Grammia in the nevadensis species group are described from the western United States: Grammia eureka new species is described from three specimens collected nearly a century ago in central Utah and one specimen ostensibly from southern Idaho. Grammia bowmani new species is a locally common species occurring in southwestern Colorado and southeastern Utah. The adults and male genitalic structures of G. nevadensis, G. behrii, G. incorrupta, G. williamsii, G. eureka and G. bowmani are illustrated.
Liangcoris, a new genus of Harpactorinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) from China
Authors: ZHAO PING , CAI WANZHI , REN DONG
Published: September 2022

Liangcoris yangae Zhao, Cai & Ren, gen. & sp. nov. of the subfamily Harpactorinae from China, is described and illustrated. A key to closely related genera is provided.
Hyaluronic Acid-Modified Poly-Beta-Amino-Esters for Adriamycin Delivery Against Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Chen Xuan , Chen Shangli , Chen Junyong , Jia Haiying , Tang Zhi
Published: September 2022

We developed a delivery system for highly efficient Adriamycin (ADM) use against nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), based on Hyaluronic acid (HA)-poly-beta-amino-esters (PBAE). We used two NPC cell lines, CNE1 and CNE2, and nude mice plated with CNE1 as mouse models for in vitro
and in vivo testing of the characteristics and function of ADM@HAPBAE. As a result, the average size of PBAE particles is found to be approximately 100 nm, and ADM@HA-PBAE has stability in environment with changing temperature and at pH = 7.4. In addition, ADM@HA-PBAE could deliver
drugs to target lesion with high efficiency and showed high permeability to target areas, facilitating enough ADM release. In NPC cell lines, ADM@HA-PBAE could inhibit cell growth with high efficiency. In NPC mouse model, ADM@HA-PBAE could alleviate NPC growth and development and maintain
a healthier physiological status, including body weight recovery, decreased tumor size and NPC inhibition. All these data suggest that ADM@HA-PBAE can increase ADM function by highly efficient targeting and delivery and should be considered as a potential strategy for NPC therapy.
The Effect of Prostate Cancer-Targeting Doxorubicin Nanomicelles Combined with Photothermal Therapy on Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Su Xiaohong , Li Chuanyin , Xu Kai , Su Wei , Mao Xiangming , Zou Yong , Li Bingkun
Published: September 2022

The present study investigated a combination of prostate cancer-targeting doxorubicin (DOX) nanomicelles with photothermal therapy of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in vitro and in vivo. Nanomicelles formed by the self-assembly of superparamagnetic ferrite,
polyethyleneimine, and polyethylene glycol were used as the carriers, and the chemotherapy drug DOX was embedded in the nanomicelles. The photothermal properties of the nanomicelles and the toxic effects of prostate cancer-targeting nanomicelles were evaluated. The therapeutic effects in the
BP@PGE, BP@PGE+NIR, BP@PGE-dox, and BP@PGE-dox+NIR groups were compared. Prostate cancer-targeting DOX nanomicelles were successfully formed. The drug release was stable, and the cytotoxicity and blood compatibility tests demonstrated that the prostate cancer-targeting DOX nanomicelles were
safe for normal cells. The temperature of BP@PEG was increased to 52 °C upon a laser irradiation of 808 nm at a power density of 1.5 W/cm2; however, the temperature of BP-DOX was increased to 48 °C within 5 min. DOX loading did not influence the photothermal performance
of the nanomaterials. The in vitro and in vivo studies showed that the prostate cancer-targeting DOX nanomicelles combined with photothermal therapy were an effective treatment for CRPC. Prostate cancer-targeting DOX nanomicelles had no systemic toxicity to the organism and ensured
safe biological application of these agents.
Tropical Intraseasonal Variability Response to Zonally Asymmetric Forcing in an Idealized Moist GCM
Authors: MacDonald Cameron G. , Ming Yi
Published: September 2022

The tropical intraseasonal variability in an idealized moist general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a slab ocean is investigated. The model has a simple moist convection scheme and realistic radiative transfer, but no parameterization of cloud processes. In a zonally symmetric aquaplanet state, variability is dominated by westward-propagating Rossby waves. Enforcing zonal asymmetry through the application of a prescribed ocean heat flux in the bottom boundary leads to the development of a slow, eastward propagating mode that bears some of the characteristics of the observed Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO). When the ocean heat flux is made stronger, high-frequency Kelvin waves exist alongside the MJO mode. The strength of the disturbances and the spatial distribution of their precipitation anomalies are sensitive to the strength of intraseasonal sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies. The greatest resemblance to the MJO is observed when shallow slab ocean depths (1 m) are used, but the mode still exists at deeper slabs. Sensitivity experiments to the parameters of the convection scheme suggest that the simulated MJO mode couples to convection in a way that is distinct from both Kelvin and Rossby waves generated by the model. Analysis of the column moist static energy (CMSE) budget of the MJO mode suggests that column radiative heating plays only a weak role in destabilizing the mode relative to the stabilizing contribution of vertical advection. The CMSE budget analysis highlights the importance of the life cycle of horizontal advection for the destabilization and propagation of the MJO. Synergies between the generated MJO mode and linear theories of the MJO are discussed as well.
Incoming! Spatial Enrollment Competition between Charter Schools and Traditional Public Schools
Authors: Hicks Brock , Lens Michael C.
Published: September 2022

The meteoric rise in charter schools has several implications for traditional public schools and their students. One understudied implication is the geographic competition for students. Given traditional public school boundaries are often fixed while charter school boundaries are more flexible, charter schools can draw students away from existing traditional public schools, and we have very little information about how distance matters in the competition for students. Because of this, traditional public schools and school districts have little ability to plan for enrollment changes in the face of charter school growth. Our paper uses data on enrollments and demographics in all charter and traditional public schools in Los Angeles from 2000 to 2013 to better understand these dynamics. We find that traditional public school enrollments clearly decline with competition from nearby charter schools. However, we also observe that charter schools tend to locate where traditional public school enrollments are on the decline. Competition is more relevant for elementary schools at short distances—within about 1 mi appears to be where the associations between charter school enrollments and TPS enrollment declines are the strongest. For middle and high schools, those connections are apparent within 2 to 6 mi in some models.
Design of fault-tolerant control system for distributed energy resources based power network using Phasor Measurement Units
Authors: Butt Aiman Shahid , Huda Noor ul , Amin Arslan Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) play a significant role in reducing carbon emissions and improving the power system, nonetheless, maintaining the stability of the system parameters under faulty conditions is a major challenge. To minimize fault duration and maximize the system’s fault tolerance capability while maintaining affordability and being environment friendly, DERs supported by storage units are used in parallel with the main grid which offers promising results. This paper proposes the utilization of DERs as the primary source while the main grid shares the peak load. The paper also discusses the application of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) to record current and voltage values. PMUs are used to detect the fault in its early stage and communicate to the central controller to shift the load on storage units and isolate fault locations. The operation is controlled at two levels, that is at the load end and the junction point of the grid and DER. Any anomaly detected by PMUs is tested for the fault location, where faults are then controlled and minimized using the proposed method while keeping economic factors under consideration. The system is tested in light of results from mathematical modeling and design simulation which show very low latency time against demand response and quick isolation of fault location. A comparison with existing and previous works also shows the promising performance of the proposed fault-tolerant power system using PMUs.
Collision and obstacle avoidance strategy for multi-agent systems with velocity dynamic programing
Authors: Xiong Zhigang , Liu Zhong , Luo Yasong
Published: September 2022

This paper conducts research on collision and obstacle avoidance of multi-agent systems without mapping ability, while the constrained agent can only detect obstacles within a limited distance, then a velocity programing strategy is proposed considering the lack of a high-resolution map and the challenge of the modeling of complex obstacles. Based on the detecting information of nearby members and obstacles, a discontinuous velocity programing space is constructed by imposing the constraints on the velocity. To obtain expansive programing space, two different ways are utilized to establish the velocity constraints of avoiding various obstacles. For obstacles that can be viewed as virtual circular obstacles, a barrier function is introduced to restrict the radial component of the velocity. As for the obstacle that can only be detected partially, we use the border lines to construct a velocity feasible domain, and the domain is approximated by the polygonal region using the convex theory. Then, the nominal velocity is utilized as the objective and a nonlinear dynamic programing regulator is proposed. Furtherly, velocity limits generated from the system kinematic constraints are incorporated into the regulator. Finally, three tests are carried out and the feasibility of the proposed regulator is verified.
Partnering for Impact: A Grand Challenge and Design for Co-Creating a Just, Resilient and Flourishing Society
Authors: Antonacopoulou Elena P.
Published: September 2022

In this paper I elaborate on the design and dimensions of interorganisational collaborations particularly when the purpose of connecting is the co-creation of knowledge for impact. I extend recent accounts of co-creating knowledge and explain why co-creation is integral to the “common good” logic especially when the focus of partnering for impact embraces the marked improvements in action that constitutes the impact of collaboration. I then elaborate on “partnering for impact” as a collaborative design and explicate the axiology that this mode of co-creation calls for, marked by a fresh perspective on inclusiveness founded on isotimia and philotimia. I illustrate the manifestation of these dimensions in the GNOSIS approach of co-creating impact through the embeddedness of “re-search” as a common practice. I conclude by inviting greater reflexivity in the relationship between science and society when partnering for impact is intended to co-create a just, resilient and flourishing society.
Income Inequality and the Allocation of China’s Foreign Aid
Authors: Wu Charles Chong-Han , Lin Yi-Tzu
Published: September 2022

Literature on the impacts of Chinese development finance to developing countries has suggested that China’s links to the global economy are contingent on their foreign policy. This study, however, concludes that China’s foreign aid was directed not to countries with poor economic conditions, but toward inefficient and mismanaged economies with higher income inequality. We used a negative binomial model with a mixed effect to estimate the relationship between income inequality and China’s foreign aid between 2000 and 2017. Our findings show that the more pronounced the income inequality in a state, the more likely it will receive aid from Beijing.
Learning from Data: An Empirics-First Approach to Relevant Knowledge Generation
Authors: Golder Peter N. , Dekimpe Marnik G. , An Jake T. , van Heerde Harald J. , Kim Darren S.U. , Alba Joseph W.
Published: September 2022

A theory-first paradigm tends to be the dominant approach in much academic marketing research. In this approach, a theory is borrowed, refined, or developed and then tested empirically. In this challenging-the-boundaries article, the authors make a case for an empirics-first approach. “Empirics-first” refers to research that (1) is grounded in (originates from) a real-world marketing phenomenon, problem, or observation, (2) involves obtaining and analyzing data, and (3) produces valid marketing-relevant insights without necessarily developing or testing theory. The empirics-first approach is not antagonistic to theory but rather can serve as a stepping-stone to theory. The approach lends itself well to today’s data-rich environment, which can reveal novel research questions untethered to theory. The present article describes the underlying principles of an empirics-first approach, which consists of exploring a domain purposefully without preconceptions. Using a rich set of published examples, the authors offer guidance on how to implement empirics-first research and how it can lead to valuable knowledge development. Advice is also offered to scholars on how to report empirics-first research and to reviewers and to editorial teams on how to evaluate it. The ultimate objective is to pave a way for the empirics-first approach to enter the mainstream of academic marketing research.
Manual scavenging and the right to health in India – social and medicolegal perspectives
Authors: Mala Jai , Byard Roger W , Kaur Navpreet
Published: September 2022

Manual scavenging in India refers to the manual removal of human excreta from private dwellings and facilities maintained by municipal authorities. Human waste is collected from public streets and pit latrines, sewers and gutters, and septic tanks with bare hands, brooms or metal scrapers, placed into woven baskets or buckets, and then carried to disposal sites. The work is generally restricted to those occupying the lowest levels of the Indian caste system. Manual scavengers suffer from considerable societal disadvantages in addition to increased morbidity and mortality, associated with drowning in sewage, and to exposure to asphyxiating gases and to a wide variety of local and systemic infectious diseases. Life expectancy is shortened. Despite the passage of various national laws and periodic intervention by the courts, the ‘dehumanising’ practice of manual scavenging continues. In 2021 the National Human Rights Commission stated that claims that there are no manual scavengers in particular states in India are simply untrue.
Ensemble of diverse deep neural networks with pseudo-labels for repayment prediction in social lending
Authors: Kim Ji-Yoon , Cho Sung-Bae
Published: September 2022

In peer-to-peer (P2P) social lending, it is important to predict the repayment of borrowers. P2P lending data are generated in real-time, but most of them are pending to decide the repayment because the deadline is not yet expired. Adding the unexpired data with appropriate labels into the training set could improve the performance of a prediction model, but the pseudo-labels cannot be certainly precise. In this paper, we propose an ensemble classifier composed of diverse convolutional neural networks (CNNs) of GoogLeNet, ResNet and DenseNet for the repayment prediction in social lending with the pseudo-labels approximated by an uncertainty handling scheme. The additional data labeled by Dempster-Shafer fusion of two semi-supervised learning methods boost up training of various models of CNNs, which are combined by weighted voting. A diversity measure is applied to constructing a pool of different models of CNNs that extract the effective features in the social lending data with labeling noise and predict the borrower's loan status. The experiment with the real dataset of 855,502 cases from Lending Club confirms that the diverse ensemble combined with weighted voting achieves the highest performance and outperforms conventional methods.
The green gentrification cycle
Authors: Rigolon Alessandro , Collins Timothy
Published: September 2022

Significant research has shown that gentrification often follows the implementation of greening initiatives (e.g. new parks) in cities worldwide, in what scholars have called ‘green gentrification’. A few other studies in the Global North suggest that greening initiatives might be disproportionately located in disadvantaged neighbourhoods that are gentrifying as opposed to disadvantaged areas experiencing continuous disinvestment. Building on these findings, in this critical commentary we present the green gentrification cycle, which sheds light on the complex spatiotemporal relationships between greening and gentrification. The cycle posits that gentrification can precede greening, gentrification can follow greening and, in some cases, gentrification can both precede and then follow greening. We present the actors and processes involved in intentionally steering greening to already gentrifying communities and discuss them through an environmental justice lens. Specifically, we propose three complementary explanations for why gentrification precedes greening, including demand from gentrifiers, push from the green growth machine and increased resource availability in gentrifying communities. We then present a research agenda on the green gentrification cycle, including the need for a better understanding of how the cycle might materialise in places with varying political economies, such as the Global South.
The Effects of Cross-Age Peer Mentoring on Adolescent Mentors of Color Residing in Low Income, Urban Communities
Authors: Quimby Dakari , Richards Maryse , Onyeka Ogechi “Cynthia” , Miller Kevin , Tyson-McCrea Katherine , Smith Zoe , Denton Dreyce
Published: September 2022

The current study seeks to understand the potential benefits of culturally matched cross-age peer mentoring for Black and Latinx adolescent mentors residing in low-income, urban communities. Data for the study were derived from a 4-year longitudinal project examining the effectiveness of community-based cross-age mentoring. Data from the current sample ( N = 249, 60.6% female, M = 16.72 years) were analyzed using HLM. Findings indicated that the mentoring relationship bond rather than attendance predicted change on several positive outcomes. Adolescent mentors were found to experience improvements in several areas of positive youth development, ethnic identity, and GPA after the program was completed and at 9 to 12 months follow up. Researchers propose an adapted theoretical model of the impacts of youth cross-age mentoring in low-income communities of color. Findings from the current study offer key information on the value of facilitating empowering, person-focused services in concert with members of marginalized communities.
Little willies as community-building heritage: A bottom-up approach to the European Capital of Culture initiative
Authors: van den Bergh Laura
Published: September 2022

The ambitious 11fountains project was a flagship feature of the programme that won Leeuwarden (Netherlands) the title of European Capital of Culture for 2018. Eleven international artists were invited to design fountains for 11 towns in the province of Friesland. Feeling side-lined in the project, local Frisians responded by erecting their own fountain, which was decorated with 230 stylised penises and concealed a toilet. Drawing on theories of heritage and community formation to frame this fountain as a case study, I develop a concept of ‘community-building heritage’. Community-building heritage is participatory, dependent on citizen contributions and explicitly aims to mobilise and connect individual contributors in a community. Understanding community-building heritage as an act of cultural self-signification, I argue that its facilitation within the European Capital of Culture initiative, either in official programming or as counter-initiative, may contribute to a more bottom-up and constructivist approach towards community constitution within European Union cultural policies.
Maszyny Matematyczne, women, and computing: The birth of computers in the Polish communist era
Authors: Petrocelli Carla
Published: September 2022

The history of computing usually focuses on achievements in Western universities and research centers and is mostly about what happened in the United States and Great Britain. However, in Eastern Europe, particularly in war-torn Poland, where there was very little state funding, many highly original hardware and software projects were initiated. The small number of publications available to us, especially those in English, led to the belief that technological progress was the result of research carried out in Western countries alone. This article aims to fill this knowledge gap by focusing on the numerous research projects initiated in Polish universities and computer industries that unfortunately turned into dead ends as the result of socialist policies. These are references that cannot be ignored, not only for a historical reconstruction of the evolution of technology but also with regard to the social effects recorded in Poland immediately after the Second World War. The communist ideology, which pursued gender equality policies after the end of the war, encouraged women to pursue education, enabling the many female students enrolled in mathematics degree courses to specialize in “ Maszyny Matematyczne” (mathematical machines) and become, like men, experts in computer programming and design. As well as highlighting the role that Poland played in the nascent “computer science” and providing detailed information on what women contributed, this article will explain why the success of the Polish computer industry was limited due to the nonexistent coordination between the communist states (Comecon).
Streaming Verstehen: Whither Feature Film in the Classroom?
Authors: Besek Jordan Fox , Pandey Anupriya
Published: September 2022

Scholars have long praised the ways in which film can provide students with an opportunity for deep intellectual and emotional connections to classroom material. With contemporary technology, however, instructors are instead turning toward shorter audiovisual material that can be accessed with little preparation, take up less class time, and cater to an instructor’s needs. But what has been lost? Are film’s established advantages now irrelevant? Here we aim to begin a conversation about the continued use of film in the classroom. We do so through an analysis of surveys sent to students who have previously taken a class that used streaming services to assign over a dozen films as homework assignments over the course of the semester. Results show that films remain an immersive and reflexive complement to course readings and often continue to have an impact on students after the class has concluded. Nevertheless, instructor guidance remains essential.
Violence without Truce: Hondurans in the Gulf of Mexico Corridor
Authors: Rodríguez L. María Teresa
Published: September 2022

The Mexican states of Chiapas and Tabasco have for decades been linked to Central American migrations, largely through cross-border labor mobility. Today, however, the diversification of receiving areas in Mexico requires focusing attention on how the dynamics of mobility, settlement, and/or transit impact new contexts. The state of Veracruz, part of the so-called Gulf of Mexico corridor that connects the country’s southern and northern borders on the east, has emerged as an unplanned destination—a place of temporary or permanent residence—for Central American migrants, especially Hondurans. Examination of the types of violence experienced by in-transit undocumented migrants and temporary or permanent residents in the area shows how the coercive migration policies of the Mexican government contribute to maintaining a continuum of violence that affects people “trapped in mobility.”

Los estados mexicanos de Chiapas y Tabasco han estado vinculados durante décadas a las migraciones centroamericanas, en gran parte a través de la movilidad laboral transfronteriza. Hoy, sin embargo, la diversificación de las áreas receptoras en México requiere que enfoquemos la atención en cómo la dinámica de movilidad, asentamiento y/o tránsito impacta en nuevos contextos. El estado de Veracruz, parte del llamado corredor del Golfo de México que conecta las fronteras sur y norte del país en el lado este, se ha convertido en un destino no planificado, un lugar de residencia temporal o permanente, para los migrantes centroamericanos, especialmente los hondureños. Un análisis de los tipos de violencia que experimentan los migrantes indocumentados en tránsito y los residentes temporales o permanentes en la zona muestra cómo las políticas migratorias coercitivas del gobierno mexicano contribuyen a mantener un ciclo de violencia que afecta a aquellos “atrapados en la movilidad”.
Introduction to the Symposium on National Security and Social Science
Authors: Travis Donald Stuart , Shields Patricia M.
Published: September 2022

This Symposium on the role of social science in security policy responds to Michael Desch’s 2019 book Cult of the Irrelevant: The Waning Influence of Social Science on National Security. Four articles consider Desch’s position that the social sciences are becoming increasingly irrelevant in security policy. Yagil Levy and Peter Feaver challenge Desch’s perspective. Alan Okros and Rebecca Jensen largely concur with Desch’s perspective. Rebecca Schiff asserts that Desch’s analysis fell short by overlooking the divisive role of university activism and political narratives in his discourse.
Boko Haram, security architecture and counterinsurgency in North-East, Nigeria
Authors: Lenshie Nsemba Edward , Nwangwu Chikodiri , Ezeibe Christian , Ifem Louie Marie A. , Okafor Godwin O.
Published: September 2022

While previous studies have interrogated the motivations of Boko Haram and the role of security agencies in counterinsurgency, explanations of the escalation of Boko Haram attacks on Nigerian security agencies have received limited academic attention. This study re-examines the dynamics of counterinsurgency operations in Nigeria within the context of the fragile state thesis. It argues that fragility of relevant state institutions has compromised the military-led counterinsurgency operations by flipping out strategic intelligence to the terrorists, embezzlement of arms procurement funds, sabotage and deplorable welfare condition of combatants, among others. Thus, the relevant state institutions should be strengthened to proactively respond to the maladies bedeviling the military-led counterinsurgency operations in the North-East region.
Dependence of flow coefficient on the cone angle and relative opening of natural gas control ball valves
Authors: Cheng Wenjie , Peng Hao
Published: September 2022

Natural gas control ball valves are fluid control devices that regulate the flow and direction of the medium in a natural gas transportation system, and nowadays the requirements for valve intelligence are increasing. To implement the intelligent control of the valve system, the precise acquisition of the operating parameters of the control ball valve was studied in this paper. A numerical simulation of the internal flow field of a V-shaped ball valve was conducted based on a finite volume method and an renormalization group (RNG) k–ε turbulence model. A valve performance test bench was established, and the pressures at the inlet and outlet of the valve at various relative openings were measured, in which the accuracy of the numerical model was verified. Through numerical simulations, the internal flow characteristics at various relative openings and spool cone angles were studied. By comparing the influence of three different relative openings on the valve internal flow field, it was found that the valve showed better flow characteristics under the relative opening of 80%, and the increase of the cone angle effectively improved the unstable flow in the valve. An accurate expression between the external parameters of the valve operating condition and the internal flow was established, and the expression is the theoretical basis to implement intelligent control. This study provides strong technical support for an efficient operation of natural gas pipelines.
Design and analysis of high-sensitivity multilayered structure surface acoustic wave sensor for dichloromethane gas detection
Authors: Qin Zhenjie , Wang Hongliang , Zhang Hanqiang , Ding Qi , Huang Xiao , Zhu Jiajun , Ren Rui , Sun Xiaolei
Published: September 2022

Micro- and nano-sensors are key devices used in various fields from medical to environmental science. With the progress of micro- and nano-fabrication technology and the use of newly designed materials, sensor design has been significantly improved, leading to the development of high-performance gas sensors. A novel multilayer structure gas sensor based on surface acoustic wave (SAW) is proposed for the detection of volatile harmful gas dichloromethane. The gas sensing characteristics of single-layer and multilayer SAW sensors were studied by using finite element method. The influence of geometric parameters on the sensor performance was analyzed and the optimal structure was determined. The propagation characteristics of SAW were obtained by transient simulation of the whole structure. The sensitivity of the sensor is evaluated by placing the sensor in different concentrations of dichloromethane gas. The results show that the sensitivity of the PIB/AlN/Diamond/Si SAW gas sensor is as high as 66.9 ppm/Hz under the optimal geometry structure, which is nearly 30 times higher than that of other single-layer and multilayer SAW sensors. This work provides a good solution for the design of high-sensitivity SAW sensors.
The Multiple-Matching Perspective on Value Versus Identity: Investigating How Political Ideology and Party Identity Contribute to Citizens’ Support for Political Candidates
Authors: Bai Hui
Published: September 2022

Past studies on how political value (i.e., ideology) and identity (i.e., party identity) predict support for candidates often fail to consider both the perspectives of citizens and candidates, introducing omitted variable problems. To address them, this paper introduces the multiple matching perspective, which considers how citizens’ ideology and political identity are matched (i.e., moderated) by a candidate’s ideology and party affiliation. Four studies using this approach reveal: 1. The effect of ideology match is large, robust, and consistent. 2. candidates’ ideology plays more role than candidates’ party identity except during the final stage of a presidential race. 3. Citizens’ party identity can guide them to support a candidate based on the candidate’s ideology (Republicans will support conservatives), but it is less so for the reverse of it (conservatives do not always support Republicans). Therefore, this approach helps theory-building in political psychology by uncovering novel effects of ideology and partisanship.
Good Soldiers Instead of Good Change Agents: Examining the Dual Effects of Self-Sacrificial Leadership on Pro-Social Behavior and Change-Oriented Behavior in Teams
Authors: Liu Shengming , Li Ning , Xu Mingya
Published: September 2022

Previous research has predominantly regarded self-sacrificing leaders as role models that can drive desirable outcomes. We challenge this notion and demonstrate the dual effects of self-sacrificial leadership on team prosocial and change-oriented behaviors. Drawing upon social learning theory, we develop a nuanced model that simultaneously examines self-sacrificial leadership's beneficial effects on team helping and its detrimental effects on team change-oriented behavior via unique mechanisms. Our analysis of two time-lagged, multisource data revealed that self-sacrificial leadership has an indirect positive effect on team helping via team other-focus and an indirect negative effect on team change-oriented behaviors (i.e., team creativity and team proactivity) via team dependence on the leader. Furthermore, team leader competence amplifies these indirect effects, such that the effects are stronger for more competent leaders. Taken together, our research challenges the prevailing assumption that self-sacrificial leadership is always beneficial and calls for further attention to be paid to the unintended impacts of role model leaders.
Diversity Concepts in Computer Science and Technology Development: A Critique
Authors: Schelenz Laura
Published: September 2022

Diversity has become increasingly relevant in computer science and technology development, both in terms of inclusive design teams and as a concept used to design “diversity-aware” technologies. The latter part has received less attention and notions of diversity leveraged to design technologies remain understudied. This paper critically examines diversity concepts employed by computer scientists and designers by reviewing 120 articles in two subfields of computer science: personalized recommendations and human–computer interaction. Drawing on Black feminism and critical race theory-inspired literature, I offer a critique of demographic and cultural user representations and underscore the shortcomings of diversity as a strategy to increase user satisfaction and fairness. Particularly concerning is the unreflected use of binary, static, and individual-level diversity concepts in the design of technologies. Such concepts render structural inequalities between and within groups of users invisible and thereby risk reinforcing existing injustices. The paper closes with considerations on whether and how diversity concepts can be leveraged by designers in a social justice–oriented manner.
Reducing Negative Aging Stereotypes via Educational Intervention in Older People: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Doncel-García Borja , Lizaso Izarne , Fraile-Bermúdez Ana Belén , Mosquera-Lajas Álvaro , Santamaría-Trincado Beatriz , Sanz Begoña , Irazusta Jon
Published: September 2022

Anti-ageism interventions traditionally target younger individuals. We analyzed the effect of an educational intervention that combined an infusion of aging content with videos to reduce negative stereotypes toward aging in a randomized controlled study of 56 community-dwelling older adults. The experimental group received a single one-hour information session and video viewing on ageism; the control group viewed 1 hour of videos unrelated to ageism. Repeated-measures ANOVA indicated that the experimental group reported a significantly reduced Negative Stereotypes Toward Aging Questionnaire (CENVE) total score along with an independent measure of the character–personality factor in this questionnaire 1 week and 1 month after the intervention compared to baseline. The control group showed no changes. This work reports for the first time that a one-hour information session about aging combined with video viewing on ageism can efficiently reduce negative stereotypes of aging in older people in the short and medium term.
JSON document clustering based on schema embeddings
Authors: Priya D Uma , Thilagam P Santhi
Published: September 2022

The growing popularity of JSON as the data storage and interchange format increases the availability of massive multi-structured data collections. Clustering JSON documents has become a significant issue in organising large data collections. Existing research uses various structural similarity measures to perform clustering. However, differently annotated JSON structures may also encode semantic relatedness, necessitating the use of both syntactic and semantic properties of heterogeneous JSON schemas. Using the SchemaEmbed model, this paper proposes an embedding-based clustering approach for grouping contextually similar JSON documents. The SchemaEmbed model is designed using the pre-trained Word2Vec model and a deep autoencoder that considers both syntactic and semantic information of JSON schemas for clustering the documents. The Word2Vec model learns the attribute embeddings, and a deep autoencoder is designed to generate context-aware schema embeddings. Finally, the context-based similar JSON documents are grouped using a clustering algorithm. The effectiveness of the proposed work is evaluated using both real and synthetic datasets. The results and findings show that the proposed approach improves clustering quality significantly, with a high NMI score of 75%. In addition, we demonstrate that clustering results obtained by contextual similarity are superior to those obtained by traditional semantic similarity models.