bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children's traditional games: didactic potential of a historical-design heritage in school contexts
Authors: Palumbo Carmen , Ambretti Antinea
Published: November 2021

In the introduction pages to popular children games, Pitrè describes play activities as a form of "creative pastimes" which serve to sharpen the mind and develop physical forces, anticipating, by over a century or so, the subsequent reflections on motor praxeology (Parlebas, 2010, pp. 131-148). Traditional games, expression of innocent amusements (Pitrè, 1888) help children to take part in the construction of their own story, highlighting the strong relationship between games and childhood developmental development, on which that of the communities from which it originates depends. In the course of the historical evolution of the school, the need to include both games from the past and the most current teaching methodologies in school curricula has been gradually formalized, recreating interactive and dynamic environments and game situations, not simply reproductive and executive, but propositive and creative (Almond, L. 1986). Traditional games offer an original interpretation of social human phenomena, confirming that "culture is first played" (Huizinga, 2002). This emphasis on playful memories of the past calls for an interesting reflection on popular heritage, starting with traditional games to be presented to children, right from the first schooling.
Pacemaker associated reduction of left ventricle systolic function
Authors: Ivaneta D Yoncheva  , Denislav E Biserov  , Mariya N Negreva
Published: November 2021

In recent years, data have been accumulated on the negative effect of right ventricular (RV) stimulation, leading to left ventricular (LV) asynchrony, proarrhythmias and progressive heart failure (HF). On the other hand, biventricular pacing has been shown to affect ventricular asynchrony, reduce HF manifestations, and improve prognosis in patients with LV dysfunction and wide QRS complex. The induced asynchrony from apical right ventricular pacing is unequivocally associated with changes in myocardial perfusion, LV dysfunction, and poorer prognosis for patients over time. This has led researchers for decades to look for an alternative position for electrode placement. The incidence of pacemaker-induced cardiomyopathy (PICM) ranges from 5.9 to 39% in patients with RV pacing, depending on the given definition and the limit for the degree of pacing. Upgrading to biventricular pacing has been shown to reverse the cardiomyopathy. Recently, there has been evidence of a positive effect of His bundle pacing (HBP) in the treatment of PICM even in patients with no improvement after biventricular pacing. The question about the pathogenetic mechanisms of PICM is currently unanswered. The connection between electrical asynchrony and the negative effect on cardiac pump function is clear. There is also evidence of an established relationship between asynchrony and coronary blood flow. The predisposing individual characteristics of the patient in which these negative effects are manifested are not clear. This is an issue that requires further studies.
Moral and Religious Learning Innovation through Information Technology (Descriptive Study at SD Muhammadiyah Manyar Gresik)
Authors: Marzuki Ismail , Alfiansyah Iqnatia , Sari Arisona Dia Indah , Umam Nanang Khoirul
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this study was to seek in-depth information about moral and religious learning innovations through information technology at SD Muhammadiyah Manyar. Through information technology learning planning, learning implementation, and learning evaluation will be easier, more practical, and faster. This type of research is descriptive research, the subject of research is the principal, vice principal in the field of curriculum, teachers, and the moral and religious learning process in schools. The research design: research planning → research implementation → research data analysis → drawing conclusions → making reports. Data collection techniques are through observation, interviews, and study of learning documents. All research data will be analyzed and the analysis model used is the Mils and Hubermen model. In this model, the analysis steps are: (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) drawing conclusions / verification. There are three findings from the results of this study related to the use of IT in moral and religious learning at Muhammadiyah Elementary School Manyar: 1) in learning ethics, faith, and school worship utilizing learning videos, 2) utilizing video calls for the habit of praying for students at home, 3) use of murattal recordings to practice pronunciation and memorization of the Qur'an
Design Optimization & Analysis of a Soft Crawling Robot
Authors:   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Md Ghazaly Mariam , Mohd Basar Siti Norazlin ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Lagani Muhammad Shadiq ,   Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka
Published: November 2021

Soft crawling robots (SCRs) are the kind of robots that use soft and flexible material for motion. These soft robots capable to sustain huge distortions with vast degree-of-freedom which makes them more suitable to be employed in unstructured location compared to the conventional rigid robots. Unlike soft robotics, the conventional rigid robots are capable to be employed in situations where precision is required. However, soft robots are preferable in tight spaces such as in medical surgery and earthquake search and rescue operations due to its flexibility and adaptability capability. In this research, two types of soft robots were design using i.e.: (a) inchworm design and (b) quadrupedal design. The similarities between the inchworm and quadrupedal design are both use pressure input for motion. The SCRs also bend by using the expansion of chambers at their body. Both designs have the same length fixed at 86mm, but with different topology. The design optimization for maximum bending motion with respect to input pressure were evaluated using Finite Element Method (FEM) via Abaqus software, where the results shows that the highest bending was observed for the inchworm design. The maximum bending value (extension) of 130.4 mm was obtained with the optimized parameters set at 4mm base thickness, 5mm chamber gap, and 2mm width for the air chamber, respectively.
Load Management System with Integration of Renewable Energy Resources
Authors:   The University of Lahore, Rashid Faizan , Gilany Adeel ,   The University of Lahore, Rasheed Saim ,   King Abdulaziz University, Nisar Hamza ,   The University of Lahore, Raza Ali ,   The University of Lahore, Hasnat Muhammad ,   The University of Lahore
Published: November 2021

This article presents, a load management system is designed and implemented to integrate renewable energy resources (RES) (solar and wind), which manage the load according to the supply/demand and the user's priorities. The system is implemented on a hybrid system integrating wind energy, solar energy, utility supply, and battery energy storage system. Load management is carried out via switching of the loads. The sources can also be turned ON and OFF. During excess power, the battery module works as an energy storage unit or backup energy supply unit during demand. Loads can be turned ON and OFF wirelessly via GSM. The grid operator can switch the loads by simply sending a command via a short service message (SMS). In the end, the system is tested, and the results are presented. The hybrid system is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink first and then hardware implementation is carried out, which involves integrating renewable resources via converters and load management by switching using a microcontroller (Arduino).
Athletes’ and Coaches’ Impressions of Questionable Coaching Practices and Bullying (Emotional Abuse)
Authors: Strand Brad
Published: November 2021

Coaches have a profound and long-lasting impact on the athletes they coach. Coaches’ behavior affects athlete anxiety, stress levels, burnout, and eventually, their mental health. This study aimed at gathering relevant information on coaches’ use of inappropriate behaviors towards athletes as reported by athletes and to make comparisons between the responses of the athletes in this study with those of coaches in a previous study. Participants were 251 college students from ten midwestern states who completed a 25-item survey that included a listing of coaching actions described as bullying. Three specific research questions guided the study: 1) has your coach ever done the identified action to you, 2) do you think this is an inappropriate coaching action, and 3) do you consider this bullying. Results indicate that athletes and coaches’ interpretation of the frequency of inappropriate actions, if the actions are considered inappropriate, and if the actions are considered bullying are markedly different. Athletes were more likely to report that the various physical, relational, and verbal actions occurred than were coaches. Keywords: coaching, bullying, athletes, inappropriate
Interdisciplinary Approach in Primary School Mathematics Education
Authors:   İnönü University, Turkey, Karali Yalçın
Published: November 2021

Life is a set of relationships in which countless factors interact and go on together. Each of the interacting factors is handled and used as a different discipline when the time comes. Depending on the spirit of the times and the structure of societies, the importance of some discipline areas may change and their place in the agenda may decline. However, this does not apply to mathematics. Because mathematics has served as a constant reference tool for the development of all other scientific fields. Activities that are put forward by ignoring this relationship of mathematics with other disciplines, turn out to be a waste of time and energy. This situation is also valid for educational activities. When mathematics is isolated from other disciplines, ambiguity of meaning and purpose emerges, loses its importance, and becomes a source of concern. The resulting confusion causes mathematics to be perceived as an academic obstacle to be overcome, rather than as a useful tool. It is in the hands of teachers to eliminate this perception and to teach mathematics as the common language of all disciplines. To achieve this, understanding must be changed, and mathematics must be taught based on an interdisciplinary approach.
Mask Using Practice among Bangladeshi Population During COVID-19 Pandemic: A Video-Based Observational Study
Authors:   Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Farheen Chowdhury , Khan Md Maruf Haque , Towhid Muhammad Ibrahim Ibne , Mousum Sabrina , Tasnim Anika , Anjum Afifa , Islam Mohammad Tanvir , Haque M Atiqul
Published: November 2021

Background: Although the government of Bangladesh made the use of masks mandatory in public settings during COVID-19, individuals have been reluctant to follow. We intended to know how many people used face masks in public settings during COVID-19. Methodology: This study was conducted in several public settings in Shahbag, an urban sub-district of Dhaka; and Sirajdikhan, a rural sub-district of Munshiganj in Bangladesh on November 2020. A total of 4011 people were identified from the video-graphic data captured from 20 public places for monitoring the use of masks. Finding: More than two-thirds of those observed had no face masks or did not utilize them properly. People in urban regions (43%) used mask more in an appropriate manner than those in rural areas (26%). Females wore masks comparatively more than males (53% vs. 35%, p-value <0.001). People used masks more in the morning than in the afternoon (39% vs. 34%, p-value <0.001). People were seen to use a mask more in hospital areas (60%) than in other places. However, in public transportation stands only one-fourth (25%) of the people wore a mask in an appropriate manner. In binary logistic regression male sex, rural area, public places and time of observation (afternoon) were found as risk factors for not wearing a mask. Interpretation: The general population of both rural and urban areas of Bangladesh is reluctant to wear face masks. Along with the ongoing vaccination campaign, people of Bangladesh need to wear masks for the prevention of COVID-19. Funding: This research has been partially supported by Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University.
Addition to the lichen flora of Iturup Island (Sakhalin Region, Russian Far East)
Authors: Chesnokov S. V. , Konoreva L. A.
Published: November 2021

As a result of expeditionary investigations on Iturup Island (southern group of islands of the Kuril archipelago), 61 species of lichens were identified as new to the island, including Porpidia contraponenda and Xylographa rubescens – new to the Russian Far East, and Amandinea coniops and Arthonia dispuncta – new to the South of the Russian Far East. Six species are new to the Sakhalin Region. The difference in species composition of the Sea of Okhotsk coast and the Pacific coast of Iturup Island is briefly discussed.
İletişim Çalışmalarında İnsan-Makine İletişimi: Paradigma Değişikliği ve Temel Yaklaşımlar
Authors: NARİN Bilge
Published: November 2021

Sanal asistanlar ve sosyal botlar başta olmak üzere, insanlarla makinelerin etkileşime girdikleri teknolojilerin yaygınlık kazandığı bir çağda yaşamaktayız. İnsanlarla etkileşim kurarak toplumsal özellikler kazanan bu tür yapay zekâ teknolojilerinde görülen gelişmeler, iletişimi yalnızca insanlar arasında anlam aktarımı olarak tanımlayan temel iletişim paradigmasında da bir dönüşüme ve kırılmaya işaret etmektedir. İletişimin uzun zamandır makineler aracılığıyla gerçekleştirilen bir insan süreci olarak kavramsallaştırıldığı iletişim bilimleri alanında; makinelerin aracı/araç rolünü aşarak iletişimci haline gelmesinin ne anlama geldiği ve iletişim çalışmalarına potansiyel olarak ne getirdiği incelemeye değer bir konudur. Bu kapsamda, bu araştırma insan-makine iletişiminin iletişim bilimleri disiplini içindeki yükselen konumuna odaklanarak; temel iletişim paradigmasını nasıl dönüşüme uğrattığını sorgulamaktadır. İletişim bilimleri içinde hem bir kavram hem de araştırma alanı olarak insan-makine iletişimi (İMİ), insanlar ile teknoloji arasındaki etkileşimin bireyler, toplum ve insanlık üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Bu araştırma ise, yeni bir çalışma alanı olarak insan-makine iletişimini merkeze alarak, alanda gerçekleştirilen az sayıdaki öncü akademik çalışmayı “Bilgisayarlar Toplumsal Aktörlerdir”, “Algılanan Anlaşılma Çerçevesi”, “Açıklama İşleme Çerçevesi” ve “Söylemsel/Anlatısal/Dilsel Yaklaşımlar” başlıkları altında kategorileştirip serimleyerek tartışmaya açmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında kategorize edilip incelenen yaklaşımların, insan-makine iletişimi alanda yapılacak yeni araştırmalara kuramsal ve metodolojik bir temel oluşturması umulmaktadır.
Yeni Bir Benlik Sunumu Aracı Olarak Twitter: Türkiye’de Çalışan Gazetecilerin Twitter Profil Bilgileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: GELBERİ Can Bora
Published: November 2021

Sosyal medyanın yükselişi ve özellikle Twitter’ın son yıllarda siyasal ve sosyal meselelerde önemli bir enformasyon kaynağı haline gelmesiyle birlikte gazetecilik mesleği yapan profesyoneller, haber toplama, kaynak bulma, haber dağıtımı ve kişisel benlik sunumu amaçlarıyla bu alana yönelmişlerdir. Gazeteciler, Twitter üzerinden aracısız bir şekilde kişisel benlik sunumlarını gerçekleştirirken farklı yöntemler ve araçlar kullanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’de aktif olarak gazetecilik yapan profesyonellerin Twitter’da nasıl bir benlik sunumu gerçekleştirdiklerinin ve hangi unsurları ön plana çıkardıklarının ortaya çıkarılması amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda Türkiye’de meslek yaşamlarına devam eden farklı kuruluşlardan gazetecilerin (N=301) Twitter hesaplarında yer alan profil bilgileri niceliksel içerik analizi yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Elde edilen veriler, çalışmanın amacı doğrultusunda oluşturulan kategoriler ve değişkenlerle analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda gazetecilerin Twitter’ı profesyonel yaşamlarının bir uzantısı olarak kullandıkları görülmüştür. Gazetecilerin Twitter profillerinde yer verdikleri bilgiler mesleklerine ve çalıştıkları kuruma yöneliktir. Gazetecilerin Twitter profil bilgileri tercihlerinde cinsiyet değişkeninin anlamlı bir farklılığı bulunmazken, çalıştıkları kurumun özellikle mesleğe ait ifade tercihlerinde anlamlı bir farklılığı bulunmaktadır.
Toleransi Antara Umat Beragama Dalam Mempertahankan Persatuan dan Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia
Authors: Karismawati Cindy
Published: November 2021

Kerukunan umat beragama identik dengan istilah toleransi. Istilah toleransi menunjukkan pada arti saling memahami, saling mengerti, dan saling membuka diri dalam bingkai persaudaraan. Bila pemaknaan ini dijadikan pegangan, maka ”toleransi” dan “kerukunan” adalah sesuatu yang ideal dan didambakan oleh masyarakat manusia. Dalam konteks ke-Indonesiaan, kerukunan beragama berarti kebersamaan antara umat beragama dengan pemerintah dalam rangka suksesnya pembangunan nasional dan menjaga Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Ajaran Islam mengungkapkan hidup damai, rukun dan toleran. Kerukunan umat beragama adalah kondisi dimana antar umat beragama dapat saling menerima, saling menghormati keyakinan masing-masing, saling tolong menolong, dan bekerjasama dalam mencapai tujuan bersama. Dalam konteks ke-Indonesiaan, kerukunan beragama berarti kebersamaan antara umat beragama dengan pemerintah dalam rangka suksesnya pembangunan nasional dan menjaga Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Karakterisasi nilai toleransi beragama merupakan salah satu tugas yang diemban PKN yang diberikan pada tiap jenjang dan jalur pendidikan. Pluralitas keberagaman merupakan suatu realitas yang tidak bisa ditolak atau bahkan dihilangkan keberadaannya. Kenyataan ini membawa pada suatu konsekuensi logis dalam keberagaman, yaitu menanamkan nilai toleransi pada diri masing-masing agar dapat hidup berdampingan dalam perbedaan keyakinan, justru perbedaan inilah yang menjadi potensi dasar dalam membangun pola kehidupan beragama. Supaya kerukunan dan toleransi antar umat beragama bisa menjadi alat pemersatu bangsa, maka kemajemukan harus dikelola dengan baik dan benar, maka diperlukan cara yang efektif yaitu dialog antar umat beragama untuk permasalahan yang mengganjal antar masing-masing kelompok umat beragama. Karena mungkin selama ini konflik yang timbul antar umat beragama terjadi karena terputusnya jalinan informasi yang benar di antara pemeluk agama dari satu pihak ke pihak lain sehingga timbul prasangka-prasangka negatif.
Analisis Aspek Hukum Pada Studi Kelayakan Bisnis
Authors: Noer Muh. Afta
Published: November 2021

Dalam melakukan analisis aspek hukum harus dilakukan secara teliti dan cermat. Usaha atau bisnis dapat mengalami kegagalan karena terkena masalah hukum atau tidak mendapat izin dari pemerintah. Oleh karena itu, sebelum usaha atau bisnis dilakukan perlunya analisis mendalam terhadap aspek hukum agar dikemudian hari usaha atau bisnis yang dilakukan tidak gagal karena terbentur masalah hukum dan perizinan.
The role of moment-to-moment dynamics of perceived stress and negative affect in co-occurring ADHD and internalising symptoms
Authors: Speyer Lydia Gabriela , Brown Ruth , Ribeaud Denis , Eisner Manuel , Murray Aja Louise
Published: November 2021

A maladaptive response to stress in individuals with high ADHD traits may be a key factor that explains the co-occurrence between ADHD symptoms and internalising problems. The current study investigates whether between-person differences in ADHD traits are associated with differences in the within-person moment-to-moment coupling of stress and negative affect; and whether these can explain between-person differences in internalising problems (N=262, median age 20). Results of a dynamic structural equation model indicated between-person differences in ADHD traits significantly moderated the coupling between stress and negative affect. Further, higher ADHD traits were associated with stronger stress carry-over and higher mean levels of negative affect. Stress carry-over and mean levels of negative affect mediated the association between ADHD and internalising problems.
Autogenous and Reactive Obsessions in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Keyness and Collocation Study
Authors: Kim Stella , Dykeman Cass
Published: November 2021

This study explored the subjective experiences of individuals with autogenousand reactive forms of obsessions in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Past studieshave found greater levels of shame, stigma, and concealment for thoseexperiencing lesser-known forms of OCD, particularly those that deal with sexualthemes. This study looked at what words most differentiated (i.e, keynessanalysis) these subtypes. In addition, the word networks (i.e., collocates) of thewords that most differentiated the subtypes were examined. The keywords“sexual” and “POCD” had the strongest keyness in the autogenous corpus.Contamination and checking had the strongest keyness in the reactive corpus.The collocates of the node words in the autogenous corpus show a focus on theintrusive thoughts themselves, whereas the collocates in the reactive corpus focuson performing compulsions such as checking. Limitations, clinical implications,and future research recommendations are discussed.
The Prehistory of Number Concept
Authors: Overmann Karenleigh A. , Wynn Thomas , Coolidge Frederick L.
Published: November 2021

Carey leaves unaddressed an important evolutionary puzzle: In the absence of a numeral list, how could a concept of natural number ever have arisen in the first place? Here we suggest that the initial development of natural number must have bootstrapped on a material culture scaffold of some sort, and illustrate how this might have occurred using strings of beads.
Трансформаційні процеси у пострадянських країнах: 30 років поступу до демократії
Authors:   Університет Григорія Сковороди в Переяславі, Коцур Віталій , Коцур Леся ,   Університет Григорія Сковороди в Переяславі, Дем’яненко Віра ,   Університет Григорія Сковороди в Переяславі, Прядко Тетяна ,   Університет Григорія Сковороди в Переяславі, Войтенко Юрій ,   Університет Григорія Сковороди в Переяславі, Дем’яненко Борис ,   Університет Григорія Сковороди в Переяславі, Дем’яненко Віра ,   Університет Григорія Сковороди в Переяславі, Новородовський Валерій ,   Університет Григорія Сковороди в Переяславі, Новородовська Наталія ,   Університет Григорія Сковороди в Переяславі, Потапенко Рулана ,   Університет Григорія Сковороди в Переяславі
Published: November 2021

У монографії розглянуто комплекс питань, пов’язаних з роцессами посткомуністичної трансформації в країнах пострадянського простору. Встановлено інституційні, нормотворчі й політико-культурні чинники, які гальмують демократичну модернізацію незалежних держав, що постали після розпаду СРСР. На основі компаративного аналізу виявлено особливості реформування державних інститутів, громадянського суспільства в країнах регіону, проаналізовано плив геополітичних факторів на демократизацію в контексті загальномодернізаційних процесів. Цільовою аудиторією монографії є науковці, викладачі закладів вищої освіти, політологи, студенти, широкий читацький загал.
Gynaecological Morbidity in Girls in Moscow Region Within the Context of the Preventive Vaccination Against Papilloma Viral Infection
Authors:   Moscow Regional Scientific Centre of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zarochentseva N.V. , Belaya Yu.M. ,   Moscow Regional Scientific Centre of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

Study Objective: To assess gynaecological morbidity in girls aged 10 to 17 years old over a 12-year period of the program for vaccination prevention of HPV-associated diseases in Moscow region; and to compare the data on vaccinated regions with the information on the regions where no human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination was undertaken. Study Design: retrospective study. Materials and Methods. We used the information from annual statistical reports prepared by children gynaecologists and Moscow regional Medical Information and Analytical Centre. Gynaecological morbidity was analysed for the period from 2008 to 2019; it involved assessment of the prevalence of HPV-associated diseases — anogenital warts, pelvic inflammations, precancer cervical lesions, menstrual disorders. We have also analysed the number of pregnancies and outcomes in adolescents. Study Results. Since the program was launched, there has been a steady reduction in the number of anogenital wart cases in girls in Moscow region where vaccination was undertaken: from 14.2 to 1.8 per 100k in 2008 and 2019, respectively. Genital inflammations were more frequent (not statistically significantly, though) in areas where preventive vaccination was not performed. Over the previous 10 years, we have seen a more marked increase in the number of genital inflammations in girls of 10–17 years old vs. areas where girls were vaccinated. Due awareness promotion during vaccination, over the 12-year period the number of adolescent pregnancies dropped from 697 to 127, while pregnancy terminations reduced from 38.9% to 21.4%. Conclusion. HPV vaccination campaign among adolescents in Moscow region resulted in reduced prevalence of anogenital warts and a positive trend in the reduction of cervical cancer prevalence in young women of 15–24 years old. Gynaecological morbidity rates were not statically different in analysed areas; thus, HPV vaccination does not have any negative impact on the reproductive health of girls. Keywords: gynaecological morbidity, reproductive health, papilloma virus infection prevention, vaccination, anogenital warts, human papilloma virus.
Female Immunisation During Various Age Periods
Authors:   Moscow Regional Scientific Centre of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moscow, Russian Federation, Zarochentseva N.V. , Baranov I.I. ,   V.I. Kulakov National Medical Scientific Centre of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatal Medicine of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kostinov M.P. ,   I.I. Mechnikov Scientific and Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera, Moscow, Russian Federation,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University) (a Federal Government Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education), Russian Federation Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bashankaeva Yu.N. ,   Moscow Regional Scientific Centre of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2021

Objective of the Review: To justify the need in female immunisation during various age periods. Key Points. Full-scale immunisation of girls and young women ensures their protection against infections, later — protection of their foetus and newborns who have transplacental antibodies from their mothers. Full-scale female immunisation is essential because of the severity of infectious processes in pregnant women and unfavourable impact for the foetus and newborn. There are more and more evidences that maternal immunisation is safe, well-tolerated and efficient both for pregnant women and their newborns. High IgG levels can pass through placenta to the baby, reducing the risk of transmission of infection to the baby and activating passive immunity in early years. In postpartum period, inactivated and/or live vaccines are safe both for breastfeeding women and their infants. Conclusion. Vaccination is an efficient and safe way to prevent infections and their consequences throughout the life of a woman and her child. Lower vaccination rates cause controlled infection outbreaks, incapacitation and fatal cases, poor epidemical situation, and higher burden for the healthcare system. Keywords: immunisation, vaccination, pregnancy.
BARRIERS IN IMPLEMENTING SUSTAINABLE PILING CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES IN SRI LANKA
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Kumara H.P.S.G.S. , Zainudeen N. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Jayasanka T.A.D.K. ,   Department of Quantity Surveying, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Waidyasekara K.G.A.S. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

The construction of pile foundation is a multifaceted activity among rest of the construction activities that are performed by heavy machines, materials, and energy sources generating substantial amount of CO2 and greenhouse gases along with many other forms of environmental pollution. Sustainable piling construction guarantees that the whole piling process meets environmental sustainability and ultimately human health and wellbeing. Many countries around the world, including United States, China, the United Arab Emirates, are in the forefront of reengineering piling construction activities. Implementation of sustainable practices in piling construction Sri Lanka is still at a low level. Succinctly, several hindrances and barriers can be identified when adopting sustainable piling construction practices. Hence, the aim of this paper is to identify the environmental impact due to the current piling construction practices in Sri Lanka and to investigate barriers in implementing sustainable piling construction practices. A questionnaire survey was conducted among thirty (30) experts in piling construction. Significant barriers were identified using the relative importance index technique in data analysis. The findings revealed that among the ten (10) barriers identified, cost overrun and poor pile design, investment risk, lack of awareness of sustainable techniques and technologies as the top three (3) barriers in implementing sustainable piling construction practices. The study clearly identified the need for improving sustainability practices that can also enhance cost-effectiveness and performance efficiency. Findings of this study will be useful in formulating strategies to overcome the barriers and improve sustainability practices in the local construction industry.
EFFECT OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON EXPRESSWAY CONSTRUCTION IN SRI LANKA
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Karunathilaka H.L.P.U. , Devapriya K.A.K. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Shanika V.G. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

Expressway construction projects are one of the crucial infrastructure projects for a country. Hence, assessment of environmental and social implications prior to initiation of the expressway construction project is vital. Thus, the research aims to analyse effect of social and environmental factors on expressway construction in Sri Lanka. Initially a comprehensive literature review was done to discuss on expressway construction in Sri Lanka and environmental and social implications of expressway construction in global context. The study followed a qualitative approach. Hence, four expert interviews were carried out to explore more on the same context limiting to Sri Lanka. Experts were selected from only on-going expressway project in Sri Lanka, central expressway project. Moreover, collected data were analysed through manual content analysis. The study findings highlighted viaduct construction, land acquisition and rock blasting as the major activities relating to environmental implications of the expressway construction projects. Thus, rational, logical, scientific, and technical selection of the routes is the most effective and efficient mean in minimizing adverse impacts. Hence planning of these activities should be done with due care by authorities only after proper feasibility studies. Further, major factors affecting social implications of the expressway construction have been identified as settlement, livelihood, public infrastructure and health and safety. Hence, resettlement action plans need to be updated to comply with the identified requirements through environmental and social factors.
A MODEL TO ASSESS THE MAINTENANCE LEANNESS OF APPAREL INDUSTRY BUILDINGS IN SRI LANKA
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Perera P.A.L.P. , De Silva Nayanthara ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

Escalating needs of availability in built environments have pursued maintenance to be recognized with the strategic importance notwithstanding the conventional belief of necessary evil. Nevertheless, it absorbs the three-quarters of whole building lifecycle cost. Studies proved that proportion significantly contributed by inefficiencies owing to poor maintenance, lack of reliability focus, poor management commitment, technical and human resources-related issues. Consequently, Sri Lankan buildings opted to adopt numerous strategic management approaches such as Lean, Six-Sigma to acquire the higher status of efficiency and effectiveness in their operations. Simultaneously, adherence to lean concepts was apparent in Sri Lankan manufacturing context, relatively fewer attempts were made on establishing assessment procedures to distinguish the degree of leanness. Hence, research was focused on developing an assessment model to address the leanness levels in maintenance operations. Lean quantification metric “Leanness” in maintenance is defined through identified parameters in literature and those were narrowed down into seven (7) leanness criteria and further expanded into forty-two (42) leanness attributes paving a pathway to the formation of a theoretical assessment model. For the investigation, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted from three identical cases. The derived data were analysed using the manual content analysis technique. Empirical findings revealed satisfactory adherence scoring the thirty-eight (38) attributes accomplishment as the highest and twenty-five (25) as the least. Findings point out significant gaps in lack incorporation of planned maintenance programs with maintenance inventory-related aspects, lack of undertakings on extensive reliability analysis efforts for maintenance activities. The outcomes will mark valuable insights for building practitioners to engage in maintenance operations in a versatile manner to acquire a waste-free, quality, stakeholder-driven maintenance environment.
MANAGING CONCRETE WASTES BY IMPLEMENTING CONTEMPORARY CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES IN SRI LANKA
Authors:   College of Engineering Construction and Living Sciences, Otago Polytechnic, New Zealand, Senarathna D.R. , Perera B.L.S.H. ,   Sanken Overseas (Pvt) Ltd, Sri Lanka
Published: November 2021

Material waste is one of the main reasons for the client to suffer due to increments in unnecessary costs. Among all construction material wastes, concrete waste highly draws expenses to the project stakeholders. As a main component in construction, the volume of the concrete waste in Sri Lankan construction projects are considerably high, when comparing with the other material wastes. Currently, most of the countries are moving towards the sustainable developments while minimizing concrete waste. Therefore, applying traditional practices to minimize concrete waste have not been successful over the years. The aim of this research study is, to minimize concrete wastes by implementing contemporary practices that assists to reduce the project cost in Sri Lankan construction industry. In order to achieve the aim, comprehensive literature review, a questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data in both qualitative and quantitative procedures. The empirical findings revealed that concrete waste has a positive relationship with the project cost. Same time, discovered the drivers and barriers that gains while implementing contemporary practices in Sri Lanka. Concrete recycling, precast elements, lean construction techniques, value engineering methods and few more other contemporary practices were identified that leads to minimize concrete waste. The results from the interviews found that many projects are willing to implement mentioned contemporary practices within their construction projects although there are few barriers. These findings deliver a valuable evidence to the practitioners with an in-depth understanding about the essential necessity of contemporary practices to construction projects.
PROMOTING STAKEHOLDER COLLABORATION IN ADOPTING CIRCULAR ECONOMY PRINCIPLES FOR SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION
Authors:   Centre for Smart Modern Construction, Western Sydney University, Australia, Senaratne S. , KC Abhishek ,   Centre for Smart Modern Construction, Western Sydney University, Australia, Perera S. ,   Centre for Smart Modern Construction, Western Sydney University, Australia, Almeida L. ,   Centre for Smart Modern Construction, Western Sydney University, Australia
Published: November 2021

Circular Economy (CE) has been recognised as one of the most comprehensive way of attaining sustainable development, which considers every aspect; social, technical, economic and environmental, of sustainable development. For a building construction project that aims to achieve circularity, collaboration of project stakeholders both within vertical horizontal supply chains is vital. This research project establishes importance of such collaboration and proposes methodology to identify stakeholders responsible for attaining circularity in projects through collaboration between such stakeholders. This paper reports of the key literature findings of this on-going research. The key findings from the current paper are establishing importance of stakeholder collaborations to achieve circular buildings and potential of blockchain technology in this regard. loping countries.
THE CHOICE OF PROJECT GOVERNANCE MODES TO MINIMISE CONTRACTORS’ OPPORTUNISTIC BEHAVIOUR
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Arsecularatne B.P. , Sandanayake Y.G. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

In this era of globalisation and fierce competition among businesses, contractors in the construction industry often tend to engage in opportunistic behaviour to gain more benefits at the expense of owners. The past researchers have defined contractors’ opportunistic behaviour (COB) as the behaviour of the contractor that is motivated to pursue self-interests at the expense of the client. The researchers in this field have identified project governance (PG), which considered as management of project management can be used to minimise the COB. Trust and formal control are the major PG modes that are used in the global construction industry. However, there is a dearth of research that identified the suitable PG modes to minimise the effects of COB in the Sri Lankan construction industry. Hence, this study aims to investigate the PG modes that can be used to minimise the effects of COB. Accordingly, qualitative research approach was adopted to achieve the research aim. A comprehensive literature review followed by case studies was conducted to investigate the synergy between the concepts. Information gathered were subjected to content analysis. This study revealed that formal control and combination of trust and formal control as the most suitable PG modes for Sri Lankan construction industry. The research further identified the factors that affect the COB namely, contractors focus on revenue maximisation, external uncertainties, contractual complexity, and dynamic complexity. The study further highlighted the importance of minimising COB to help minimise conflicts and reduce the financial losses incur for project stakeholders.
ANALYSIS OF FEASIBILITY OF BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY FOR INTERNATIONAL TRADE RELATED TO SRI LANKAN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Weerakoon H.D. , Chandanie H. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

Sri Lankan (SL) construction industry has been trading with overseas suppliers to fulfil the need for material and technology. This process faces many issues due to the poor digitalisation of the industry. The financial flow of international trade is dominated by financial institutions (i.e., banks) and the industry faces many issues e.g., delays, additional charges, complexity, lack of information sharing, and requiring legal assistance. Blockchain Technology (BCT) has emerged as a revolutionary digital technology in the past decade. Key features of BCT i.e., immutability, decentralisation, distributed ledgers, enhanced security, consensus, and speed have been identified to provide solutions for issues in the various industries including the supply chain. Hence this paper aims to investigate the feasibility of using BCT to solve existing issues in financial flow with special reference to the barriers to adopt it in the international trade of the Sri Lankan construction industry. As the data collection method, an expert opinion forum was carried out by involving both international trade experts and blockchain specialists in the Sri Lankan construction industry. Key findings present that BCT can solve issues such as transparency issues and poor information sharing between parties, excessive documentation and complexities, payment delays, and financial costs in the international trade of the SL construction industry. Further, findings revealed that the government’s approval, legal requirements, lack of knowledge and technology, and reluctance to change the industry can act as barriers to adopt BCT in Sri Lanka.
APPLICABILITY OF LEED REQUIREMENTS TO ACHIEVE WATER EFFICIENCY IN SRI LANKAN HOTEL INDUSTRY
Authors:   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Damsari A.G.U. , Sridarran P. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa, Abdeen F.N. ,   Department of Building Economics, University of Moratuwa
Published: November 2021

LEED is an universally used green ranking system in the world. Among the six evaluation factors it specifically focuses on water use reduction, water efficient landscaping and innovative wastewater technologies. LEED provides a structure or collection of metrics to determine the water efficiency level that a building can achieve. Most of the hotels worldwide are inclined towards gaining LEED certification which is prompted by the higher volumes of water consumption in the facility. LEED is a US created rating system and the most categories of LEED certification are built according to the US aspects. Being an Asian country, Sri Lankan hoteliers also attempt to obtain LEED certification to their hotels with the motive of becoming in order to be more efficient. However, some of LEED requirements under the water efficiency category does not match the Sri Lankan hotel industry requirements. Therefore, the aim of the study to identify whether the LEED requirements under the water efficiency can be applied to Sri Lankan hotel industry. To accomplish the aim, literature synthesis was conducted to explore the water efficiency practices used by LEED certified hotels in other countries. A qualitative research methodology was subsequently adopted, directing semi-structured interviews with two LEED certified hotels in Sri Lanka to identify the LEED practices used in Sri Lankan hotel industry. Thematic analysis was conducted to analyse the collected data. Finally, a framework was developed to compare and contrast the water efficiency practices used in LEED certified hotels in other countries and Sri Lanka.
«Summa contra gentiles», Book 4, Chapter 61 «On the Eucharist» of Thomas Aquinas, Translated in Greek by Demetrios Kydones, Edited from the Manuscripts Vaticanus gr. 616 and Taurinensis 23 (C-2-16)
Authors: Бернацкий Михаил Михайлович
Published: November 2021

Перевод «Суммы против язычников» Фомы Аквинского, сделанный в XIV в. Димитрием Кидонисом, оказал большое влияние на поздне- и поствизантийское богословие. Глава 61 «О Евхаристии» 4-й книги была использована Георгием (Геннадием) Схоларием при составлении гомилии о Евхаристии - одного из источников решений антикальвинистских православных поместных Соборов XVII в. в отношении богословия Евхаристии. Глава публикуется по рукописям Vaticanus gr. 616 (автограф Кидониса XIV в.) и Taurinensis 23 (C-2-16) (рукопись XV в., принадлежавшая Схоларию). В предисловии содержатся, в частности, наблюдения над тем, какие греческие соответствия выбрал Д. Кидонис для перевода латинских терминов.

Summa contra gentiles by Thomas Aquinas was translated in the XIV c. by Demetrios Kydones (1324/5-1397). This translation had a great impact on the Late Byzantine and post-Byzantine theology. Chapter 61 «On the Eucharist», book four of Summa was used by George Gennadios II Scholarios (ca. 1400 - paulo post 1472) in compiling a homily on the Eucharist, which happened to be one of the sources of the decrees of the anti-Calvinist Orthodox councils of the 17th century. We publish the chapter from Vaticanus gr. 616 (XIV c. autograph of Kydones) and Taurinensis 23 (C-2-16) (15th century manuscript, possessed by Scholarios). The apparatus contains the material that was affected by this chapter in the later Orthodox doctrine concerning the Holy Eucharist. In the preface we made some observations on Kydones choice of Greek translations of Latin terms.
The Discipline «Russian Patrology»: A Historical Review
Authors: Лизгунов Павел
Published: November 2021

В статье делается обзор становления дисциплины «русская патрология» в дореволюционной России, Советском Союзе, в западной науке (в том числе в среде русской эмиграции), а также в постсоветской России. Обозначается сравнительно малая изученность богословской составляющей русской литературы, что делает её исследование перспективным и актуальным. Недавнее выделение дисциплины русской патрологии из истории русской литературы соотносится с постепенным преобразованием патрологии в историю христианской литературы в западной науке, ставится вопрос о методе патрологии как науки.

The article observes the history of patrology research in pre-revolutionary Russia, Soviet Union, in western science including russian emigrants and in post-soviet Russia. Author concludes that currently theological thought in Russian literature is insufficiently explored and that Russian patrology is a perspective direction in modern theology. Author correlates the recent separation of the discipline of Russian patrology from the history of Russian literature with the gradual transformation of patrology into the history of Christian literature in Western science. Article raises of the method of patrology as a science.