bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental filtering and community delineation in the streambed ecotone
Authors: Peralta-Maraver Ignacio , Galloway Jason , Posselt Malte , Arnon Shai , Reiss Julia , Lewandowski Jörg , Robertson Anne L.
Published: October 2018

A current controversy in ecology is whether biological communities are discrete biological entities or simply study units created for convenience; a debate that becomes even more heated when delimiting communities along ecotones. Here, we report an interdisciplinary study designed to address the interplay between environmental drivers and community ecology in a typical ecotone ecosystem: the streambed. Environmental filtering at a micro-scale determined how diversity, productivity and composition of the whole streambed assemblage varied with depth and with the direction of vertical water exchange. Biomass and production decreased with increasing depth, and were lower under upwelling than downwelling conditions. However, the rate at which biomass and production decreased with increasing depth differed significantly for different taxonomic groups. Using quantitative biocenosis analysis, we also showed that benthic and hyporheic zone assemblages (assemblages in close juxtaposition) could be clearly distinguished as discrete communities with individual integrity. Vertical hydrodynamic conditions also influenced the demarcation between both communities; the benthic community reached greater depths in downwelling than in upwelling zones.
Long-Term Reproducibility of Axial Length after Combined Phacovitrectomy in Macula-sparing Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment
Authors: Kang Tae-Seen , Park Hye-Jin , Jo Young-Joon , Kim Jung-Yeul
Published: October 2018

There is a myopic shift in the final measured spherical equivalent following combined phacovitrectomy compared to the predicted postoperative value. This change in myopia is known to be associated with gas tamponade, but it also occurs in patients who do not have gas tamponade, and even when vitrectomy is performed in the pseudophakic eye. In this study, we focused on the long-term reproducibility of axial length after combined phacovitrectomy in patients with macula-sparing rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Before surgery, one year after surgery, and two years after surgery, bilateral axial lengths were measured using partial interferometry. To confirm whether axial lengths changed after surgery, we conducted confidence analyses using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), and test–retest standard deviation (TRTSD). The preoperative mean axial length was 25.03 ± 1.69 mm in the affected eyes and 24.96 ± 1.70 mm in the fellow eyes. The ICC, CV, and TRTSD were 0.97, 0.45, and 0.114 in affected eyes and 0.98, 0.66, and 0.167 in fellow eyes, respectively, which shows a high level of reproducibility. Prediction errors for postoperative spherical equivalents measured using partial interferometry were −0.41 ± 0.67 diopters (p = 0.001), respectively, which shows a remarkable myopic shift. Correlation analyses indicated that this myopic shift was significant in eyes with a shallower anterior chamber and a thicker lens. In macula-sparing RRD patients, the axial length showed excellent long-term reproducibility two years after vitrectomy, cataract surgery, and gas tamponade. The myopic shift after surgery was therefore caused by factors that may have affected the intraocular lens position, such as preoperative anterior chamber depth and lens thickness, rather than a change in the axial length.
Carbon-based CO2 Adsorbents
Authors: Zhou Jin , Wang Xuan , Xing Wei
Published: October 2018

Carbon materials have been considered to be one of the most promising candidates for CO2 capture due to their specific features such as low price, high specific surface area, hydrophobic surface, excellent thermal and chemical stability, and low energy requirements for regeneration. This chapter aims to summarize the recent research progress made in developing carbon-based adsorbents for post-combustion CO2 capture. Specifically, this chapter provides overviews of (1) porous carbons, (2) graphene-based porous materials, (3) carbon nanotubes, (4) carbon-based hybrid sorbents, and (5) important factors (pore size and surface chemistry) influencing CO2 uptake over carbon adsorbents. Further, the future prospects of carbon-based adsorbents are briefly discussed.
Alkali-metal-carbonate-based CO2 Adsorbents
Authors: Kanoh Hirofumi , Luo Hongchao
Published: October 2018

The capacity and kinetics of CO2 sorption for Na2CO3 and K2CO3 under moist conditions were studied to determine the mechanism for CO2 capture under ambient conditions. Bicarbonate formations of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 were examined by thermogravimetric analysis under various CO2 concentrations and humidity, and the accompanying structural changes of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 were exhibited by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also, morphological changes were observed during the reaction by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The structural and morphological changes during the reactions were then related to the kinetic and exothermic properties of the CO2 sorption of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 together with H2O from XRD and SEM measurements. The modification of Na2CO3 and K2CO3 for improvement in regeneration temperature and CO2 occlusion kinetics were also examined by substitution of different metal ions or formation of nanostructured materials.
In situ synthesis of nitrogen doped carbon with embedded Co@Co3O4 nanoparticles as a bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Wang Ying , Hu Tianjun , Qiao Yanting , Chen Yan , Zhang Limin
Published: October 2018

The catalyst Co@Co3O4/N–C was in situ synthesized by simple pyrolysis and subsequent oxidative calcination, exhibiting superior ORR and OER activity.
A novel sponge-like 2D Ni/derivative heterostructure to strengthen microwave absorption performance
Authors: Zhao Biao , Zhang Xi , Deng Jiushuai , Bai Zhongyi , Liang Luyang , Li Yang , Zhang Rui
Published: October 2018

One of the major hurdles of Ni-based microwave absorbing materials is the preparation of two-dimensional (2D) Ni flakes that can improve magnetic anisotropy to tune complex permeability.
Long-term effects of CeO2 NPs on the biological phosphorus removal mechanism of DPR-AGS in A/O/A SBRs
Authors: Zheng Xiaoying , Lu Dan , Zhang Yuan , Chen Wei , Jin Mengqi , Shao Xiaoyao , Yang Mengmeng
Published: October 2018

The increasing use of cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs) has raised concerns about their potential environmental toxicity.
A self-assembling peptide hydrogel for ultrarapid 3D bioassays
Authors: Gagni Paola , Romanato Alessandro , Bergamaschi Greta , Bettotti Paolo , Vanna Renzo , Piotto Chiara , Morasso Carlo F. , Chiari Marcella , Cretich Marina , Gori Alessandro
Published: October 2018

A peptide soft hydrogel is used as a 3D matrix for flash microarray bioassays.
Synthesis, photophysical, antibacterial and molecular docking studies on aromatic ring core-containing rhodamine B decorated triazole bridged dendrimers
Authors: Sathiya Savithri Jothinathan , Rajakumar Perumal
Published: October 2018

Rhodamine B decorated dendrimers1–6were synthesized by a convergent approach using click chemistry. The zeroth generation dendrimer1(G0) and the first generation dendrimer4(G1) showed better antibacterial activity than the other dendrimers.
Click 1,2,3-triazole derived fluorescent scaffold by mesoionic carbene–nitrene cyclization: an experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Bouchemella Khadidja , Fauché Kévin , Anak Barkahem , Jouffret Laurent , Bencharif Mustapha , Cisnetti Federico
Published: October 2018

Easily accessible compact triazole-based fluorescent compounds were characterized spectroscopically and their properties modeled by computational methods.
A fiber-optic nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensor via pattern-transfer of nanofabricated PdAu alloy nanostructures
Authors: Nugroho Ferry Anggoro Ardy , Eklund Robin , Nilsson Sara , Langhammer Christoph
Published: October 2018

We demonstrate the transfer of arrays of nanofabricated noble metal and alloy nanostructures obtained by high-temperature annealing on a flat parent support onto optical fibers, to create a fiberoptic hysteresis-free nanoplasmonic hydrogen sensor.
Ultra-strong nanotwinned Al–Ni solid solution alloys with significant plasticity
Authors: Zhang Y. F. , Li Q. , Xue S. C. , Ding Jie , Xie D. Y. , Li Jin , Niu Tongjun , Wang Han , Wang Haiyan , Wang J. , Zhang X.
Published: October 2018

Twin boundaries have been proven effective for strengthening metallic materials while maintaining plasticity.
Solvothermal synthesis of cesium lead halide perovskite nanowires with ultra-high aspect ratios for high-performance photodetectors
Authors: Zhai Wei , Lin Jing , Li Chun , Hu Shouming , Huang Yang , Yu Chao , Wen Zhikai , Liu Zhenya , Fang Yi , Tang Chengchun
Published: October 2018

One-dimensional (1D) inorganic perovskite nanowires (NWs) have attracted promising attention for application in the fields of photodetection, lasers and lighting due to their outstanding optoelectronic properties.
Porous platinum–silver bimetallic alloys: surface composition and strain tunability toward enhanced electrocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Erhuan , Ma Fenfen , Liu Jia , Sun Jingyao , Chen Wenxing , Rong Hongpan , Zhu Xiyue , Liu Jiajia , Xu Meng , Zhuang Zhongbin , Chen Shilv , Wen Zhenhai , Zhang Jiatao
Published: October 2018

Surface compressive strain was optimized by tuning the PtAg alloy surface composition.
Polyazomethines based on oxadiazolyl or 1,2,4-triazolyl groups: synthesis and hole-buffering application in polymer light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lin Sheng-Fong , Chen Yun
Published: October 2018

Balance in charge carriers is a prerequisite for obtaining high emission efficiency in polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs). PolyazomethinesP1andP2buffer holes effectively to balance carriers and enhance emission efficiency.
Biobased bismaleimide resins with high renewable carbon content, heat resistance and flame retardancy via a multi-functional phosphate from clove oil
Authors: Miao Jia-Tao , Yuan Li , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan
Published: October 2018

A eugenol-derived flame retarding thermosetting resin with a high renewable carbon content and heat resistance is prepared via a biobased multi-functional phosphate.
Metal-free cross-coupling of π-conjugated triazenes with unactivated arenes via photoactivation
Authors: Barragan Enrique , Noonikara Poyil Anurag , Yang Chou-Hsun , Wang Haobin , Bugarin Alejandro
Published: October 2018

A metal-free synthesis of biaryl compounds was achieved under photo-irradiation, which represents a milder alternative for cross-coupling reactions.
The digestibility of hydrothermally-treated bovine serum albumin glycated by glyoxal
Authors: Su Guoying , Li Lin , Zhao Di , Li Bing , Zhang Xia
Published: October 2018

The overall gastrointestinal digestibility of hydrothermally-treated bovine serum albumin drops dramatically following GO-derived glycation.
Structure-dependent antiviral activity of catechol derivatives in pyroligneous acid against the encephalomycarditis virus
Authors: Li Ruibo , Narita Ryo , Ouda Ryota , Kimura Chihiro , Nishimura Hiroshi , Yatagai Mitsuyoshi , Fujita Takashi , Watanabe Takashi
Published: October 2018

The structure-related antiviral activities of catechol and derivatives were investigated. A new strategy for producing antiviral compounds was proposed.
From metal-supported oxides to well-defined metal site zeolites: the next generation of passive NOxadsorbers for low-temperature control of emissions from diesel engines
Authors: Moliner Manuel , Corma Avelino
Published: October 2018

Passive NOxadsorbers as new components to complement SCR catalysts to control cold-start NOxemissions efficiently.
Rhodium(ii)-catalyzed C–H aminations using N-mesyloxycarbamates: reaction pathway and by-product formation
Authors: Azek Emna , Khalifa Maroua , Bartholoméüs Johan , Ernzerhof Matthias , Lebel Hélène
Published: October 2018

DFT study to elucidate the mechanism of Rh-catalyzed C–H aminations with N-mesyloxycarbamates and the pathway by which by-products formed.
Efficient CO2 fixation under ambient pressure using poly(ionic liquid)-based heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Biswas Tanmoy , Mahalingam Venkataramanan
Published: October 2018

An ionic liquid-triazine and KI combination was found to be an efficient catalyst for epoxide to cyclic carbonate conversion under CO2 filled balloon conditions.
Growing high-quality CsPbBr3 by using porous CsPb2Br5 as an intermediate: a promising light absorber in carbon-based perovskite solar cells
Authors: Liu Jiaming , Zhu Liqun , Xiang Sisi , Wei Ya , Xie Minling , Liu Huicong , Li Weiping , Chen Haining
Published: October 2018

Growing high-quality CsPbBr3 by using porous CsPb2Br5 as an intermediate.
Enzymatically crosslinked poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) networks for 3D cell culture
Authors: Trachsel Lucca , Broguiere Nicolas , Rosenboom Jan-Georg , Zenobi-Wong Marcy , Benetti Edmondo M.
Published: October 2018

Cellularized poly(2-alkyl-2-oxazoline) hydrogels fabricated by sortase-mediated crosslinking feature tunable mechanical properties and enable extremely high cell viability.
Robust and flexible thermal-plasticizing 3D shaped composite films with invariable and brilliant structural color
Authors: Yu Shu-Zhen , Niu Wen-Bin , Wu Su-Li , Ma Wei , Zhang Shu-Fen
Published: October 2018

We present a novel flexible thermal-plasticizing 3D shaped composite film with invariable structural color through an organic–inorganic hybrid matrix design.
Long-range exciton transport in brightly fluorescent furan/phenylene co-oligomer crystals
Authors: Mannanov Artur A. , Kazantsev Maxim S. , Kuimov Anatoly D. , Konstantinov Vladislav G. , Dominskiy Dmitry I. , Trukhanov Vasiliy A. , Anisimov Daniil S. , Gultikov Nikita V. , Bruevich Vladimir V. , Koskin Igor P. , Sonina Alina A. , Rybalova Tatyana V. , Shundrina Inna K. , Mostovich Evgeny A. , Paraschuk Dmitry Yu. , Pshenichnikov Maxim S.
Published: October 2018

Long-range exciton diffusion facilitates efficient exciton harvesting in a lightly-doped organic semiconductor crystal.
A high performance self-driven photodetector based on a graphene/InSe/MoS2 vertical heterostructure
Authors: Chen Zhesheng , Zhang Zailan , Biscaras Johan , Shukla Abhay
Published: October 2018

In a self-driven mode, a graphene/InSe/MoS2 photodetector exhibits high photoresponsivity, fast photoresponse and high operational stability under ambient conditions.
A new Cd based metal–organic framework for quick and convenient detection of trace water in isopropanol and 1,4-dioxane
Authors: Cheng Feng , Fu Ruibiao , Wen Yuehong , Yang Yu-Ying , Zeng Chen , Zhang Yuxiao , Hu Shengmin , Wu Xintao
Published: October 2018

A Cd-MOF that can be used for rapid and convenient detection of trace amounts of water in Isopropanol and 1,4-dioxane.
The Role of Attention in Therapy for Children and Adolescents Who Stutter: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Mindfulness-Based Interventions
Authors: Harley Jane
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The aim of the study was to consider the role of attention in therapy for children and adolescents who stutter from the perspective of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs).

Method

This clinical discussion paper will explore two aspects of attention in relation to young people who stutter and their parents: (a) what we attend to as human beings and (b) how we attend. It will draw on research and clinical practice informed by CBT and MBIs. Specifically, information-processing theory in CBT explains psychological well-being partly in terms of what individuals focus their attention on, whereas MBIs focus on the relationship between how individuals attend to their internal experiences and their psychological well-being.

Conclusions

Although a nascent field, MBIs may be useful as a part of therapy for children and adolescents who stutter. The concepts highlighted by MBIs may also help to resolve some clinical issues.
Palin Parent–Child Interaction Therapy: The Bigger Picture
Authors: Millard Sharon K. , Zebrowski Patricia , Kelman Elaine
Published: October 2018

Purpose

Palin Parent–Child Interaction therapy (Kelman & Nicholas, 2008) is an evidence-based intervention for young children who stutter. The evidence consists of multiple single-subject replicated studies, and this demonstrates that the intervention is effective. The aim of this study was to enhance the evidence base by exploring the effectiveness of the therapy with a large cohort of children who stutter.

Method

Children and parents completed a range of assessments at 4 time points: start of therapy and then 3, 6, and 12 months later. The following variables were included: stuttering frequency, child's communication attitude, parents' perception of the impact of the stuttering on the child, the severity of stuttering and its impact on the parents, and their knowledge of stuttering and confidence in managing it. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to explore whether the variables are predictive for the outcome “parent knowledge and confidence.” In addition, we sought a preliminary view of factors associated with outcome level by separating children into 2 groups according to response to treatment (more successful and less successful).

Results

The results demonstrated a significant improvement in all variables, and this improvement was maintained for 1 year posttreatment. Measures collected 3 months after the start of therapy showed significant improvement in child attitude to communication, parents' knowledge and confidence in how to manage stuttering, and mothers' ratings of stuttering severity and impact the child's stuttering has on the mothers. By 6 months after therapy onset, there was a significant reduction in stuttering frequency and fathers' perception of severity and their worry about it. Furthermore, these improvements were maintained 1 year posttherapy. Several variables predicted parents' knowledge and confidence 6 months after the start of therapy. Finally, those who made greater improvements had mothers who were more negative in their ratings of severity and worry, and had less knowledge and confidence at the start of therapy. There were no differences between the groups on a range of other variables.

Conclusions

The results demonstrate that, over a year, children who attend a course of Palin Parent–Child Interaction show reduced stuttering frequency and a more positive attitude to speech. In addition, parents observe these improvements in the child, feel more confident in managing the stuttering, and are less worried about it. The different times at which specific variables significantly improved provides insight to a process of change over time. Results suggest that parents' ability to notice positive change in fluency and the impact that these observations have on both the child and the family are linked to their confidence in how to support the child. The preliminary findings with regard to response to treatment suggest that children can benefit from this program even with factors that might be predicted to reduce therapy success.
The Impact of Stuttering on Development of Self-Identity, Relationships, and Quality of Life in Women Who Stutter
Authors: Nang Charn , Hersh Deborah , Milton Katie , Lau Su Re
Published: October 2018

Purpose

The experiences of women who stutter have been underresearched. Clinicians have little guidance from the research literature on issues specific to women who stutter and are likely to have less clinical contact with this group than with men who stutter because of the higher prevalence of stuttering in men. This study explored the experiences of a small group of women who stutter with a particular focus on what the main current issues are and how gender may have influenced experiences with stuttering.

Method

This qualitative study involved recruitment of 9 women who stutter (aged 35–80 years) through a support network of people who stutter in Western Australia. All the women had received some form of speech therapy for stuttering, and they came from diverse cultural backgrounds. Individual, semistructured interviews were conducted, recorded, and transcribed verbatim. Data were managed with NVivo 10, and thematic analysis was used to identify recurring themes across the data. Data were coded independently by the researchers and refined through group discussion. Participants also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering.

Results

A core theme of “gendered sense of self in society” emerged from the data. This related to 3 broad themes: perceptions of self that were primarily negative, the impact of stuttering on relationships and social connection with others (relationships with family, peers, colleagues, and intimate partners), and the management of stuttering (internal coping, motivations, and experiences with external support).

Conclusions

Stuttering has a pervasive impact on all aspects of women's lives and affects how they view themselves, their relationships, their career potential, and their perceptions of how others view them in society. The women interviewed in this study often had negative self-perceptions and felt that their quality of life had been impacted by their stuttering. However, the women's stories and experiences of stuttering were shaped by a broader context of perceived sociocultural expectations of females in society. Strong verbal communication was highlighted as a crucial factor in developing identity and forming relationships. This study highlights the need to be aware of the experiences of, and issues facing, women who stutter for clinicians to be more equipped, focused, and successful in their stuttering interventions for women.
Rechtsfrage - Darf ein Angehöriger über die Therapie bestimmen?
Authors: Bossow Karsten
Published: October 2018

„Ich habe eine schwer an Demenz erkrankte Patientin. Nun verlangt deren Tochter, dass ich immer dann, wenn ich bei ihrer Mutter bin, mit der Dame laufen übe. Nach meiner Einschätzung ist das weder im Sinne noch in den Möglichkeiten meiner Patientin. Die Angehörige meint, dass sie allein entscheiden kann, was ich als Therapeutin mit ihrer Mutter zu tun hätte.“

Therapeutin aus L.
Kraftmessgerät micro FET 2 - Objektiv die Kraft messen
Authors: Zander Andrea
Published: October 2018

Wer die Kraft großer Muskelgruppen objektiv messen möchte, kann dafür das microFET 2 nutzen. Seit September 2018 gibt es das digitale Dynamometer mit neuer Software auch in deutscher Sprache. Physiotherapeutin Andrea Zander zeigt, wie man das Gerät anwendet und wie die Methode die manuelle Muskelfunktionsprüfung ergänzen kann.
Stress bei Patienten: Stress als Prognosefaktor für Re-Infarkte bei koronarer Herzkrankheit
Authors: Li Jian , Angerer Peter
Published: October 2018

Bisher wurde Stress als Prognosefaktor bei koronarer Herzkrankheit nur wenig beachtet. Wir möchten in diesem Artikel einen aktualisierten und umfassenden Überblick darüber geben, welche Rolle Stress bei der Prognose der koronaren Herzkrankheit spielen könnte. Stress wurde in unterschiedlichen Domänen gemessen. Die Synthese der Forschungsevidenz lässt vermuten, dass Stress das Risiko für wiederholte klinische Ereignisse bei Patienten mit koronarer Herzkrankheit um 55% (95%-Konfidenzintervall 32 – 83%) erhöhen kann. Die „European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice“, 2016 von der European Society of Cardiology veröffentlicht, weisen besonders auf die Rolle von Stress und psychosozialen Risikofaktoren hin. Insbesondere die „Cardiac Rehabilitation Section“ der European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation schlägt eine 2-stufige Evaluation eines potenziellen Risikos durch Stress für die klinisch-kardiologische Praxis vor.
Psychosozialer Stress durch Armut: Folgen für die Herz-Kreislauf-Gesundheit
Authors: Lampert Thomas
Published: October 2018

Eine sozial benachteiligte Lebenslage geht mit einer um 5 – 10 Jahre verringerten mittleren Lebenserwartung bei Geburt einher. Einen wesentlichen Anteil daran haben soziale Unterschiede in der Inzidenz und Prävalenz von Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Nach den für Deutschland vorliegenden Studien ist z. B. das Risiko für einen Herzinfarkt oder Schlaganfall bei Männern und Frauen mit niedrigem Sozialstatus, im Vergleich zu denjenigen mit hohem Sozialstatus, um das 2- bis 3-Fache erhöht. Als mögliche Erklärungen werden vor allem höhere psychosoziale Belastungen am Arbeitsplatz und ein gesundheitsriskanterer Lebensstil in den niedrigen Statusgruppen diskutiert. Daneben sollten aber auch z. B. psychosoziale Belastungen außerhalb der Arbeitswelt und in geringerem Umfang verfügbare soziale und personale Ressourcen berücksichtigt werden. Die sozialen Unterschiede bei Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen zeigen Potenziale für eine weitere Verbesserung der Gesundheit der Bevölkerung auf und weisen zudem auf Zielgruppen für die Prävention und Gesundheitsversorgung hin.
Laparoskopische Leberchirurgie – Berliner Zentrumserfahrungen aus 250 konsekutiven Fällen
Authors: Schmelzle Moritz , Wabitsch Simon , Haber Philipp , Krenzien Felix , Kästner Anika , Biebl Matthias , Öllinger Robert , Pratschke Johann
Published: October 2018

Hintergrund Trotz überzeugender Ergebnisse international führender Leberzentren ist die laparoskopische Leberchirurgie in Deutschland weiterhin vergleichsweise wenig verbreitet. An der Chirurgischen Klinik der Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin wurde 2015 ein strukturiertes Programm zur Entwicklung der laparoskopischen Leberchirurgie etabliert, woraus sich mögliche Implikationen für die breite Etablierung an deutschen Kliniken ergeben.

Methode Wir berichten hier über unsere Zentrumserfahrungen aus 250 konsekutiven, laparoskopischen Leberresektionen zwischen 12/2013 und 1/2018. Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Auswertung in Hinblick auf Indikationen, Patientencharakteristika, Komplexität der Operationen und postoperative Ergebnisse. Die Entwicklung des Programmes wurde analysiert durch Vergleich des Zeitraumes 1 (1/2014 – 12/2015) und Zeitraumes 2 (1/2016 – 12/2017).

Ergebnisse Im Vergleich zum Zeitraum 1 (n = 16, 25% der Patienten) zeigte sich im Zeitraum 2 (n = 75, 50% der Patienten) ein signifikant höherer Prozentsatz von Patienten mit einem hohen ASA-Score (3/4; p = 0,001). Das hepatozelluläre Karzinom war die häufigste Indikation (n = 76, 30,4%), gefolgt von kolorektalen Lebermetastasen (n = 63, 25,2%), wobei sich über die Jahre eine Zunahme bösartiger Tumoren von 53,8% im Zeitraum 1 zu 75,7% im Zeitraum 2 (p = 0,001) zeigte. Es erfolgten 72 Major- (≥ 3 Segmente) und 178 Minorresektionen (< 3 Segmente) mit einer Zunahme an Majorresektionen vom Zeitraum 1 (n = 12, 17,9%) zum Zeitraum 2 (n = 56, 33,1%, p = 0,02). Trotz eines signifikant höheren Prozentsatzes an komplexen Eingriffen im Zeitraum 2 war die Rate an Majorkomplikationen (Dindo-Clavien ≥ III a) mit 16% (27 Patienten) nicht signifikant höher als im Zeitraum 1 mit 11,9% (8 Patienten, p = 0,432). 67 (26,8%) Patienten litten unter einer Leberzirrhose, wobei sich die postoperative Komplikationsrate (Dindo-Clavien ≥ III a) zwischen Patienten mit (12%) und ohne Zirrhose (15,8%) nicht signifikant unterschied (p = 0,424).

Schlussfolgerung Neben entsprechender Expertise in der konventionell offenen Leberchirurgie, in der minimalinvasiven Chirurgie und in der intraoperativen Sonografie ist ein strukturierter Aufbau eines Programmes notwendig, um die laparoskopische Leberchirurgie sicher an deutschen Kliniken zu implementieren. Aufgrund überzeugender Ergebnisse wird die konventionell offene Leberchirurgie in den nächsten Jahren auch in Deutschland durch laparoskopische Techniken weitestgehend abgelöst werden.
Die Bedeutung der Psyche bei obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen
Authors: Edelmann Andreas
Published: October 2018

Psychische Einflüsse auf Entstehung und Verlauf obstruktiver Atemwegserkrankungen werden heutzutage wenig beachtet und in den neuesten Leitlinien nur noch
beiläufig erwähnt, obwohl zahlreiche wissenschaftliche Studien diese Komorbidität eindrucksvoll belegen. Um auf die emotionale Befindlichkeit des Patienten
angemessen einzugehen, werden bewährte Formen einer patientenzentrierten Gesprächsführung zwischen Arzt und Patient vorgestellt. Dazu eignen sich sowohl
verbale, strukturierte Fragebögen als auch nonverbale, auf Farbwahlen basierende Verfahren, um die emotionale Struktur und den affektiven Zustand des Patienten
zu erfassen. Diese orientierende Vorinformation erweist sich als hilfreich für einen von Anteilnahme und Respekt gekennzeichneten ärztlichen Dialog.
Orthomolekulare Therapie bei obstruktiven Atemwegserkrankungen
Authors: Wey Stephan
Published: October 2018

Ungefähr jeder zehnte Deutsche leidet unter Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) oder Asthma, wobei beide Krankheiten aufgrund erheblicher klinischer
Überlappung häufig gemeinsam vorkommen. Das betrifft auch deren entzündliche Komponente, die Bedeutung der antioxidativen Abwehr und die Gefährdung durch akute
und rezidivierende Atemwegsinfektionen. In Prophylaxe und Therapie muss eine gezielte Diagnostik und Supplementation orthomolekularer Substanzen eingebaut
werden, besonders die Vitamine C und D sowie Selen, Zink, Magnesium und Omega-3-Fettsäuren.
Hydro- und Thermotherapie bei Atemwegserkrankungen
Authors: Brenke Rainer
Published: October 2018

Chronische Lungenerkrankungen nehmen zu. Trotz medizinischer Fortschritte bei der medikamentösen Behandlung von Atemwegserkrankungen, besitzen die vielfältigen
Maßnahmen der Hydro- und Thermotherapie, insbesondere zur Reduzierung von Nebenwirkungen konventioneller Medikamente, immer noch einen hohen Stellenwert. Anhand
von Studien werden die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen der Hydro- und Thermotherapie aufgezeigt. Die verschiedenen zur Verfügung stehenden Anwendungen weisen Wirkung
auf u. a. zur Abhärtung, Stimulation des Immunsystems, Verringerung der Infektanfälligkeit, Bronchospasmolyse und Mukolyse bis hin zum Anstieg des
Atemgrenzwerts.
Bootstrapping Your Telehealth Program
Authors: Grome Luke , Jalalabadi Faryan , Fordis C. , Sussman Norman , Reece Edward
Published: October 2018

Telehealth is a proven modality to better patient care, reduce health care cost, and increase provider efficiency. This article outlines the necessary steps for starting a telehealth program at a medical center or practice. A review of the current literature and health care-related laws was undertaken to identify the necessary steps and considerations for starting a telehealth program. Bootstrapping a telehealth program starts with the creation of concept and identification of need. Generation of a hotbed of support, from providers and patients, is key in gaining executive interest and idea investment. Development of a defined plan of implementation with the utilization of already available technologic assets facilitates ease of execution. Creation of a televisit platform, a patient portal for enrollment, and dedicated provider time for televisits to occur are the next steps in plan realization. Measuring results of patient satisfaction, number of visits, cost reduction, and scheduled procedures are powerful tools in support of the multifaceted expansion of a telehealth program. The authors believe that telehealth programs are critical to advancing patient care, reduction of costs, and increased productivity in the future of medicine.
Strategy Assessment for the Medical Professional
Authors: Bhadkamkar Mohin , Ewing Donald , Jalalabadi Faryan , Clark Matt , Reece Edward
Published: October 2018

While medical professionals are superbly trained in treating patients, they are not often trained in quality improvement principles. In this article, the authors present a framework for strategy assessment commonly used in the business sector to identify areas for improvement and measure the improvement of interventions. This framework can be adapted to the medical field and used to improve the delivery of health care at a systems level.
Ferroelectricity and piezoelectricity in monolayers and nanoplatelets of SnS
Authors: Lebedev Alexander I.
Published: October 2018

The ground-state structure of monolayers and nanoplatelets of SnS with a thickness from two to five monolayers is calculated from first principles. It is shown that nanoobjects with only an odd number of monolayers are ferroelectric. The ferroelectric, piezoelectric, and elastic properties of these polar structures are calculated. The appearance of polarization in these nanoobjects is explained by an uncompensated polarization that exists in an antiferroelectric structure of bulk SnS. The mechanism of ferroelectricity, in which the ferroelectric distortion is associated with short-range ordering of lone pairs, can be regarded as a way of creating ferroelectrics with high Curie temperature.
Several levels of theory for description of isotope effects in ozone: Effect of resonance lifetimes and channel couplings
Authors: Teplukhin Alexander , Gayday Igor , Babikov Dmitri
Published: October 2018

In this paper, two levels of theory are developed to determine the role of scattering resonances in the process of ozone formation. At the lower theory level, we compute resonance lifetimes in the simplest possible way, by neglecting all couplings between the diabatic vibrational channels in the problem. This permits to determine the effect of “shape” resonances, trapped behind the centrifugal barrier and populated by quantum tunneling. At the next level of theory, we include couplings between the vibrational channels, which permits to determine the role of Feshbach resonances and interaction of different reaction pathways on the global PES of ozone. Pure shape resonances are found to contribute little to the overall recombination process since they occur rather infrequently in the spectrum, in the vicinity of the top of the centrifugal barrier only. Moreover, the associated isotope effects are found to disagree with experimental data. By contrast, Feshbach-type resonances are found to make dominant contribution to the process. They occur in a broader range of spectrum, and their density of states is much higher. The properties of Feshbach resonances are studied in detail. They explain the isotopic ζ-effect, giving theoretical prediction in good agreement with experiments for both singly and doubly substituted ozone molecules. Importantly, Feshbach resonances also contribute to the isotopic η-effect, moving theoretical predictions in the right direction. Some differences with experimental data remain, which indicates that there may be another additional source of the η-effect.
Impact of iodine antisite (IPb) defects on the electronic properties of the (110) CH3NH3PbI3 surface
Authors: Taufique M. F. N. , Khanal Rabi , Choudhury Samrat , Banerjee Soumik
Published: October 2018

The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells can be significantly improved if recombination losses and hysteresis effects, often caused by the presence of structural and chemical defects present at grain boundaries and interfaces, can be minimized during the processing of photoactive layers. As a crucial first step to address this issue, we performed density functional theory calculations to evaluate the electronic structure of the energetically favored (110) perovskite surface in the presence of the widely reported IPb antisite defects. Our calculations indicate that the nature of trap states formed is different for the perovskite surface with exposed methylammonium (MAI) and lead iodide (PbI2) terminating groups. While, in MAI terminated surfaces, IPb antisite defects lead to shallow states close to the valence band, both deep and shallow states are created in the bandgap region in the PbI2 terminated surface. Furthermore, we determined contribution from individual atoms to the trap states and inferred that the trap states originate from the clusters of iodine atoms that are formed near the defect site. The exact nature of the defect state is strongly correlated with the atomic structure of these clusters and can be potentially tuned by controlling the processing conditions of the perovskite film.
Study on vorticity structures in late flow transition
Authors: Dong Xiangrui , Dong Gang , Liu Chaoqun
Published: October 2018

A focus is presented on the investigation of vorticity generation and development and the vorticity structures inside/outside of a vortex. A vortex cannot be directly represented only by the vorticity, but is a region where the vorticity overtakes deformation. Except for those vorticity lines which come from and end at side boundaries, another type, self-closed vorticity lines named vorticity rings, is numerously generated inside the domain during flow transition. Vorticity and vortex are two different but closely related concepts, and both new vorticity and new vortices are generated during flow transition. According to our direct numerical simulation result, the generation and growth of the vorticity rings are produced by the buildup of the vortex; on the other hand, the vortex buildup is a consequence of the lengthening (stretching, tilting, and twisting) of the vorticity lines. According to the vorticity flux conservation law, a vorticity line cannot be interrupted, started, or ended inside the flow field; the newly generated vorticity has only one form which is a vorticity ring. In addition, for a single hairpin vortex or a ring-like vortex, it may consist of several types of vorticity lines: some could come from the side boundaries and some could be full of vorticity rings or part of vorticity rings.
Effect of different buffer layers on the quality of InGaN layers grown on Si
Authors: Gómez V. J. , Grandal J. , Núñez-Cascajero A. , Naranjo F. B. , Varela M. , Sánchez-García M. A. , Calleja E.
Published: October 2018

This work studies the effect of four different types of buffer layers on the structural and optical properties of InGaN layers grown on Si(111) substrates and their correlation with electrical characteristics. The vertical electrical conduction of n-InGaN/buffer-layer/p-Si heterostructures, with In composition near 46%, which theoretically produces an alignment of the bands, is analyzed. Droplet elimination by radical-beam irradiation was successfully applied to grow high quality InGaN films on Si substrates for the first time. Among several buffer choices, an AlN buffer layer with a thickness above 24 nm improves the structural and optical quality of the InGaN epilayer while keeping a top to bottom ohmic behavior. These results will allow fabricating double-junction InGaN/Si solar cells without the need of tunnel junctions between the two sub-cells, therefore simplifying the device design.
Asymmetric electrolytes near structured dielectric interfaces
Authors: Wu Huanxin , Li Honghao , Solis Francisco J. , Olvera de la Cruz Monica , Luijten Erik
Published: October 2018

The ion distribution of electrolytes near interfaces with dielectric contrast has important consequences for electrochemical processes and many other applications. To date, most studies of such systems have focused on geometrically simple interfaces, for which dielectric effects are analytically solvable or computationally tractable. However, all real surfaces display nontrivial structure at the nanoscale and have, in particular, a nonuniform local curvature. Using a recently developed, highly efficient computational method, we investigate the effect of surface geometry on ion distribution and interface polarization. We consider an asymmetric 2:1 electrolyte bounded by a sinusoidally deformed solid surface. We demonstrate that even when the surface is neutral, the electrolyte acquires a nonuniform ion density profile near the surface. This profile is asymmetric and leads to an effective charging of the surface. We furthermore show that the induced charge is modulated by the local curvature. The effective charge is opposite in sign to the multivalent ions and is larger in concave regions of the surface.
Hydrogen adsorption on Pt(111) revisited from random phase approximation
Authors: Yan Lei , Sun Yang , Yamamoto Yoshiyuki , Kasamatsu Shusuke , Hamada Ikutaro , Sugino Osamu
Published: October 2018

Hydrogen adsorption on Pt(111) has been actively studied using semilocal approximations within the density functional theory featuring simultaneous adsorption of hydrogen on multiple sites, i.e., fcc, atop, and hcp. Considering the accuracy needed to detail the feature, we revisit this problem with the help of higher level of theory, the adiabatic connection fluctuation dissipation theorem within the random phase approximation. Our simulation emphasizes important roles played by the equilibrium lattice parameter of the surface, mass of the hydrogen isotope, and hydrogen coverage. The insight acquired in this study provides a way to consistently interpret electrochemical and spectroscopic data.
Flexural-gravity wave motion in the presence of shear current: Wave blocking and negative energy waves
Authors: Das Santu , Kar Prakash , Sahoo Trilochan , Meylan Michael H.
Published: October 2018

Flexural-gravity wave propagation under the action of a compressive force and in the presence of flow vorticity is studied under the framework of linear water wave theory. The occurrences of wave blocking which is analogous to the free surface gravity wave propagation against an opposing current as well as light wave propagation in curved space-time near a black hole are shown to exist. Moreover, negative energy waves that are responsible for making the total energy of the fluid flow less than that without the waves are also analyzed. The effects of compressive force, Froude number, and vorticity on the existence of negative energy waves as well as the occurrence of flexural-gravity wave blocking are graphically illustrated. The variation in group velocity for different flow parameters such as the vorticity, the Froude number, and the compressive force is analyzed. Time-dependent simulations of the propagation of wave packets are calculated.
Letter: Dome-shaped splashes generated by the impact of a small disk on a sessile water drop
Authors: Bazilevsky A. V. , Rozhkov A. N.
Published: October 2018

We investigate experimentally the splashes arising from the impact of a small solid disk on a water drop resting on another disk of the same diameter. The impact leads to an impulse radial ejection of water from the gap between the rapidly approaching disks. We revealed that the splashes have a complex spatial shape, which is a consequence of increasing liquid ejection velocity with time.
C60 as Electron Acceptor and Donor: A Comparative DFT Study of Li@C60 and F@C60
Authors: Srivastava Ambrish Kumar , Pandey Sarvesh Kumar , Pandey Anoop Kumar , Misra Neeraj
Published: October 2018

Fullerene (C60) is a stable prototype system for a special class of nanomaterials. In this work, the smallest alkali metal (Li) and halogen (F) atoms were encapsulated in the C60 cage, and comparative quantum chemical calculations (QCCs) were performed on their various properties using a density functional theory approach. It was noted that the off-centre distance of Li is higher than that of F. The QCCs of the charge transfer to and from C60 were also analysed. Although charge transfer to and from the C60 cage takes place in both cases, Li@C60 becomes more polar than F@C60, suggesting a better electron-accepting nature of C60 than electron-donating behaviour. This fact is consistent with the natural bond orbital (NBO) charge on the trapped atoms and the dipole moment as well as the binding energy values of the encapsulated C60. Although the encapsulation of both atoms reduces the frontier orbital energy gap, the frontier orbital gap of Li@C60 is smaller than that of F@C60. More interestingly, the depression in the polarizability of Li@C60 is significantly large relative to that of F@C60. These findings also support the tendency of C60 to act as electron acceptor. This study provides some insights into the fundamental properties of C60 and should be helpful in designing new endofullerene complexes for a variety of applications.
Association analysis for seed yield, forage yield and traits related to drought tolerance in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata)
Authors: Abtahi Mozhgan , Majidi Mohammad Mahdi , Mirlohi Aghafakhr , Saeidnia Fatemeh
Published: October 2018

Polycross designs bridge the two usual mapping approaches (bi-parental mapping and association analysis) and increase mapping power by incorporating greater genetic diversity. In this study, we used diverse genotypes selected from polycrossed progenies to identify marker loci associated with a set of seed- and forage-related traits as well as drought tolerance in orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Associations were estimated between phenotypic traits and 923 DNA markers (including 446 inter-simple sequence repeats and 477 sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers). Positive relationship was found between forage yield and seed yield under normal and water-stress conditions, indicating that simultaneous improvement of seed and forage yield could be achieved in orchardgrass. The results of population structure analysis identified five main subpopulations possessing significant genetic differences. Under normal and water-stress conditions, respectively, 341 and 359 markers were significantly associated with the studied traits. Most of these markers were associated with more than one trait. Water-environment specificity of trait-associated markers indicates that genotype × environment interactions influence association analysis. However, 75 stable associations were identified across two moisture conditions for traits such as seed and forage yield. Marker–trait association revealed that markers M1/E1-5, M2/E6-5, M3/E4-6, P14-7 and P845-7 were consistently linked with drought-tolerance index. The identified marker alleles associated with multiple traits across environments may be considered for further analysis for their chromosome locations, the corresponding sequences and their potential functions.
Bridge trisections of knotted surfaces in 4-manifolds
Authors: Meier Jeffrey , Zupan Alexander
Published: October 2018

Significance

A common theme in low-dimensional topology is to split a complicated space into simple pieces and to study how these pieces can be glued back together to recover the total space. For example, a bridge splitting of a knotted loop in standard 3D space

R
3

cuts the loop into two collections of unknotted arcs. In dimension four, the interesting knotted objects are surfaces, and in previous work, the authors merged ideas from bridge splitting and trisection theories to define bridge trisections, novel decompositions of knotted surfaces in standard four-dimensional space

R
4

. In this paper, we define generalized bridge trisections for knotted surfaces in more complicated four-dimensional spaces, offering a different approach to knotted surface theory.
A new invariant of 4-manifolds
Authors: Kirby Robion , Thompson Abigail
Published: October 2018

Significance

All known 4-manifolds invariants cannot distinguish a possible counterexample to the smooth 4-dimensional Poincare Conjecture from the standard 4-sphere. The

L

invariant, defined in this paper, can do so, for if it vanishes on a homotopy 4-sphere

X

, then

X

must be diffeomorphic to the 4-sphere. Unfortunately, it is very hard to calculate.
Activation of orexin system facilitates anesthesia emergence and pain control
Authors: Zhou Wei , Cheung Kevin , Kyu Steven , Wang Lynn , Guan Zhonghui , Kurien Philip A. , Bickler Philip E. , Jan Lily Y.
Published: October 2018

Significance

Although millions of procedures are performed under general anesthesia every year, we do not fully understand the mechanisms underlying anesthesia. Orexin neurons in the hypothalamus form one of the centers in the central nervous system involved in sleep–wake control. The orexin system has also been implicated in anesthesia. In this study, we specifically activated orexin neurons via a designer receptor that is exclusively activated by a designer drug, to test how activation of orexin neurons affects anesthesia recovery. We found that orexin neuronal activation can speed up wakeup and improve pain control as well. Our study suggests that the orexin system has the potential as a target for drug discovery to facilitate postprocedural recovery.