bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Construction of Distributed JavaScript Parsing System
Authors: Shen Bo , Huang Wei , Li Xiaodi
Published: June 2015

With the rapid development of the Internet technology, JS (short for JavaScript), as one of the representative of script languages, which is very powerful, is becoming more and more popular to the developers and users. But JS programming is more complex than usual static technology. In the field of search engine and information acquisition, it's very difficult to get the information hidden in script code. In this paper, the authors design a distributed system for parsing the JS code embedded in HTML file and retrieving the underling information. the authors describe how to extract JS codes from HTML file and parse them. Also, they introduce a task scheduling algorithm for the JS parsing system by employing Hadoop distributed computing technology. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm and system can achieve a reasonable task scheduling efficiency and parse JS codes rapidly.
Visualization of Real-Time Radar Data by Integration of X-Band Software
Authors: Javidi G. , Sheybani E. , Mason D.
Published: June 2015

To have a fully functional FMCW X-band radar for the SMARTLabs ACHIEVE trailer, it is necessary to produce code to retrieve data from an FPGA board linked to the radar, calculate Fourier transforms and display the power spectrum in near-real time using a computer code based on freely available scientific development tools. In order for the communication between the FPGA board and the computer to be reliable and accurate, developing a specific format through the use of C was an initial step. This was followed by the development of a method to visualize data efficiently. In this case, Python, along with its matplotlib, SciPy, and NumPy modules, were used. Both programs were then integrated together within a graphical user interface.
Knowledge Transfer Model within Strategic Alliance in Telecommunication Industries
Authors: Zhao Yang , Tan Jie
Published: June 2015

This paper focuses on the development of knowledge transfer system between strategic alliances within telecommunication industry and attempts to classify the models of knowledge transfer within strategic alliances aiming to provide a clear focus on making the optimal choice of the most suitable knowledge transfer model in SA by its partners. In this paper, a platform and function structure is put forward and four kinds of alliances are illustrated while types of resources are defined, based on which a correspondence between the types of the strategic alliances and choosing these knowledge transfer models and 5 corresponding propositions about the issue is given at last.
Hyaluronan Binding Identifies a Functionally Distinct Alveolar Macrophage–like Population in Bone Marrow–Derived Dendritic Cell Cultures
Authors: Poon Grace F. T. , Dong Yifei , Marshall Kelsey C. , Arif Arif , Deeg Christoph M. , Dosanjh Manisha , Johnson Pauline
Published: June 2015

Although classical dendritic cells (DCs) arise from distinct progenitors in the bone marrow, the origin of inflammatory DCs and the distinction between monocyte-derived DCs and macrophages is less clear. In vitro culture of mouse bone marrow cells with GM-CSF is a well-established method to generate DCs, but GM-CSF has also been used to generate bone marrow–derived macrophages. In this article, we identify a distinct subpopulation of cells within the GM-CSF bone marrow–derived DC culture based on their ability to bind hyaluronan (HA), a major component of the extracellular matrix and ligand for CD44. HA identified a morphologically distinct subpopulation of cells within the immature DC population (CD11c+ MHC IImid/low) that were CCR5+/CCR7− and proliferated in response to GM-CSF, but, unlike immature DCs, did not develop into mature DCs expressing CCR7 and high levels of MHC II, even after stimulation with LPS. The majority of these cells produced TNF-α in response to LPS but were unable to activate naive T cells, whereas the majority of mature DCs produced IL-12 and activated naive T cells. This HA binding population shared many characteristics with alveolar macrophages and was retained in the alveolar space after lung instillation even after LPS stimulation, whereas the MHC IIhigh mature DCs were found in the draining lymph node. Thus, HA binding in combination with MHC II expression can be used to identify alveolar-like macrophages from GM-CSF–treated bone marrow cultures, which provides a useful in vitro model to study alveolar macrophages.
TLR-Stimulated Neutrophils Instruct NK Cells To Trigger Dendritic Cell Maturation and Promote Adaptive T Cell Responses
Authors: Riise Rebecca E. , Bernson Elin , Aurelius Johan , Martner Anna , Pesce Silvia , Della Chiesa Mariella , Marcenaro Emanuela , Bylund Johan , Hellstrand Kristoffer , Moretta Lorenzo , Moretta Alessandro , Thorén Fredrik B.
Published: June 2015

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are innate effector cells with pivotal roles in pathogen recognition, phagocytosis, and eradication. However, their role in the development of subsequent immune responses is incompletely understood. This study aimed to identify mechanisms of relevance to the cross talk between human neutrophils and NK cells and its potential role in promoting adaptive immunity. TLR-stimulated PMNs were found to release soluble mediators to attract and activate NK cells in vitro. PMN-conditioned NK cells displayed enhanced cytotoxicity and cytokine production, and responded vigorously to ensuing stimulation with exogenous and endogenous IL-12. The neutrophil-induced activation of NK cells was prevented by caspase-1 inhibitors and by natural antagonists to IL-1 and IL-18, suggesting a role for the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing-3 inflammasome. In addition, PMN-conditioned NK cells triggered the maturation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells, which promoted T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. These data imply that neutrophils attract NK cells to sites of infection to convert these cells into an active state, which drives adaptive immune responses via maturation of dendritic cells. Our results add to a growing body of evidence that suggests a sophisticated role for neutrophils in orchestrating the immune response to pathogens.
Christian philosophy
Authors: Kok John H.
Published: June 2015

No abstract available.
Influence of the ambient humidity on the concentration of natural deposition ice nuclei
Authors: López M. L. , Ávila E. E.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. This study reports measurements of deposition ice nuclei (IN) concentration at ground level during the period July–December 2014 in Córdoba, Argentina. The measurements were carried out at temperature of −25 °C and at 15 % supersaturation over ice. They were performed on days with different thermodynamic conditions, including rainy days. The effect of the relative humidity at ground level (RHamb) on the IN concentration was analyzed. The number of IN activated varied from 1 −1 at RHamb of 25 % to 30 L−1 at RHamb of 90 %. In general, a linear trend between the IN concentration and the RHamb was found, suggesting that this variable must be related to the ability of the aerosols acting as IN. These results are consistent with previous results. From the backward trajectories analysis, it was found that the link between IN concentration and RHamb is independent of the origin of the air masses. The role of nucleation occurring in pores and cavities was discussed as possible mechanism to explain the increase on the IN concentration during high ambient relative humidity events.
GDGT distributions on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf: implications for organic carbon export, burial and degradation
Authors: Sparkes R. B. , Doğrul Selver A. , Bischoff J. , Talbot H. M. , Gustafsson Ö. , Semiletov I. P. , Dudarev O. V. , van Dongen B. E.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Siberian permafrost contains a globally significant pool of organic carbon (OC) that is vulnerable to enhanced warming and subsequent release into the contemporary carbon cycle. OC release by both fluvial and coastal erosion has been reported in the region, but the behaviour of this material in the Arctic Ocean is insufficiently understood. The balance between OC deposition and degradation on the East Siberian Arctic Shelf (ESAS) influences the climate–carbon cycle feedback in this area. In this study we couple measurements of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) with bulk geochemical observations to improve knowledge of the sources of OC to the ESAS, the behaviour of specific biomarkers on the shelf and the balance between delivery and removal of different carbon pools. Branched GDGT (brGDGT) concentrations were highest close to river mouths, yet low in "ice complex" permafrost deposits, supporting recent observations that brGDGTs are mostly delivered by fluvial erosion, and may be a tracer for this in complex sedimentary environments. BrGDGT concentrations and the branched and isoprenoidal tetraether (BIT) index reduced quickly offshore, demonstrating a rapid reduction in river influence. Stable carbon isotope ratios changed at a different rate to the BIT index, suggesting not only that OC on the shelf is sourced from fluvial erosion but also that erosion of coastal sediments delivers substantial quantities of OC to the Arctic Ocean. A model of OC export from fluvial, coastal and marine sources is able to recreate the biomarker and bulk observations and provide estimates for the influence of fluvial and coastal OC across the whole shelf. The model shows that coastal erosion delivers 43 % of the OC and 87 % of the mineral sediment to the ESAS, but that rivers deliver 72 % of brGDGTs, indicating that brGDGTs can be used as a proxy for river-derived sediment.
A long-term Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent data record for climate studies and monitoring
Authors: Estilow T. W. , Young A. H. , Robinson D. A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. This paper describes the long-term, satellite-based visible snow cover extent National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) climate data record (CDR) currently available for climate studies, monitoring, and model validation. This environmental data product is developed from weekly Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent data that have been digitized from snow cover maps onto a Cartesian grid draped over a polar stereographic projection. The data have a spatial resolution of 190.6 km at 60° latitude, are updated monthly, and span the period from 4 October 1966 to the present. The data comprise the longest satellite-based CDR of any environmental variable. Access to the data is provided in Network Common Data Form (netCDF) and archived by NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) under the satellite Climate Data Record Program (doi:10.7289/V5N014G9). The basic characteristics, history, and evolution of the data set are presented herein. In general, the CDR provides similar spatial and temporal variability to its widely used predecessor product. Key refinements included in the CDR improve the product's grid accuracy and documentation and bring metadata into compliance with current standards for climate data records.
Magnetic noise contribution of the ferromagnetic core of induction magnetometers
Authors: Coillot C. , El Moussalim M. , Brun E. , Rhouni A. , Lebourgeois R. , Sou G. , Mansour M.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The performance of induction magnetometers, in terms of resolution, depends both on the induction sensor and the electronic circuit. To investigate accurately the sensor noise sources, an induction sensor, made of a ferrite ferromagnetic core, is combined with a dedicated low voltage and current noise preamplifier, designed in CMOS 0.35 μm technology. A modelling of the contribution of the ferromagnetic core to the noise through the complex permeability formalism is performed. Its comparison with experimental measurements highlight another possible source for the dominating noise near the resonance.
Novel microthermal sensor principle for determining the mixture ratio of binary fluid mixtures using Föppl vortices
Authors: Schmitt B. , Kiefer C. , Schütze A.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. A novel sensor principle for determining binary fluid mixtures of known components is presented, making use of different thermal and rheological properties of the mixture's components. Using a microheater, a heat pulse is introduced in the mixture. The resulting temperature increase depends on the thermal properties of the mixture, allowing determination of the mixture ratio. Placing a bluff body in the fluid channel causes the formation of a stationary pair of vortices behind the body. The length of the vortex pair depends on the mixture's viscosity and thus its composition. By placing the microheater in the vortex area and making use of forced convection which changes with the size of the vortex, the sensitivity for determination of the mixture ratio can be increased by a factor of 2.5 compared to the direct thermal measurement. The flow velocity is measured independently of the mixture ratio using time-of-flight thermal anemometry.
Eco-functional Intensification and Food Security: Synergy or Compromise?
Authors: Halberg Niels , Panneerselvam P. , Treyer Sebastien
Published: June 2015

There is an increased understanding that the challenges of producing enough food and biomass while preserving soil, water and biodiversity necessary for ecosystem services can not be solved by prevalent types of conventional agriculture and that agro-ecological approaches and ecological intensification is fundamental for our future food production. FAO has stated that “Ecosystem services sustain agricultural productivity and resilience” and advocates production intensification through ecosystem management. Terminologies such as agro-ecology and ecological/ eco-functional/sustainable intensification are being proposed for agricultural development, which builds on higher input of knowledge, observation skills and management and improved use of agro-ecological methods. Contrary, increased global demand for food, and non-food biomass has increased the pressure for intensifying land use and increasing crop yields based on conventional inputs, while still aiming at reducing environmental impact. There is a battle of discourse between these approaches in competition for – among others – research and development funding. The examples of improved local food security from introducing agro-ecological and low external input agriculture practices among smallholder farmers are many. However, upscaling remains a challenge and the ability of such eco-functional intensification to feed the increased urban populations in emerging economies remains an open question. A broader view of what is organic and conventional farming is necessary and the use of new understandings from ecology and molecular biology will be needed to create and profit from synergies between preserving and building on eco-systems services and providing increased food and biomass.
Optimising Cropping Techniques for Nutrient and Environmental Management in Organic Agriculture
Authors: Kopke Ulrich , Athmann Miriam , Han Eusun , Kautz Timo
Published: June 2015

Depth and architecture of root systems play a prominent role in crop productivity under conditions of low water and nutrient availability. The subsoil contains high amounts of nutrients that may potentially serve for nutrient uptake by crops including finite resources such as phosphorus that have to be used in moderation to delay their exhaustion. Biopores are tubular shaped continuous soil pores formed by plant roots and earthworms. Taproot systems especially those of perennial legumes can make soil nutrients plant available from the solid phase and increase the density of vertical biopores in the subsoil thus making subsoil layers more accessible for succeeding crops. Density of larger sized biopores is further enhanced by increased abundance and activity of anecic earthworms resulting from soil rest and amount of provided feed. Nutrient rich drilospheres can provide a favorable environment for roots and nutrient uptake of subsequent crops. Future efficient nutrient management and crop rotation design in organic agriculture should entail these strategies of soil fertility building and biopore services in subsoil layers site specifically. Elements of these concepts are suggested to be used also in mainstream agriculture headlands, e.g. as ‘Ecological Focus Areas’, in order to improve soil structure as well as to establish a web of biodiversity while avoiding constraints for agricultural production.
The Role of Trees and Pastures in Organic Agriculture
Authors: Heckman Joseph R.
Published: June 2015

Environmental concerns associated with annual row crop grain production – including soil erosion, soil carbon loss, intensive use of chemicals and petroleum, limited arable land, among others – could be addressed by converting conventional livestock production to an organic pasture based system. The inclusion of tree crops would further enhance the opportunity for feeding pasture- raised livestock by providing shelter and alternative feed sources. Biodiversity is an essential aspect of an organic farm plan. The idea of including tree crops and other perennials into the vision of an organic farm as a “living system” is very much compatible with the goals and philosophy of organic farming. Before modern no-till farming systems were developed, tree crops and pasture systems were found to provide similar benefits for controlling soil erosion and conserving soil carbon. For example, J. Russell Smith’s Tree Crops: A Permanent Agriculture (Smith, 1950) and pioneered tree crop agriculture as the alternative to annual row crops for protecting soils from erosion while producing livestock feed such as acorns, nuts, and fodder. A survey of Mid-Atlantic USA soils under pasture found 60% higher soil organic matter content than cultivated fields. Because United States Department of Agriculture’s National Organic Program (USDA-NOP) standards require dairy cattle consume pasture forage and limited grain (7 C.F.R. pt. 206), organic milk contains higher concentrations of omega-3 and fewer omega-6 fatty acids than conventional milk. Organic standards also state “the producer must not use lumber treated with arsenate or other prohibited materials for new [fence posts] installations or replacement purposes in contact with soil or livestock.” Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is a fast growing renewable alternative to treated lumber with many attributes compatible with organic farming. This versatile tree fixes nitrogen (N), provides flowers for honey bees and other pollinators, and produces a highly durable dense wood ideal for fence posts useable for up to 50 year.
Water Quality in Organic Systems
Authors: Cambardella Cynthia A. , Delate Kathleen , Jaynes Dan B.
Published: June 2015

Non-point source contamination is a major water quality concern in the upper Midwestern USA, where plant nutrients, especially NO3-N, are susceptible to leaching due to extensive subsurface draining of the highly productive, but poorly drained, soils found in this region. Environmental impacts associated with intensive mineral fertilization in conventional production have encouraged producers to investigate organic methods. The USDA-ARS Organic Water Quality (OWQ) experiment, established in 2011, compares organic (C-S-O/A-A) and conventional (C-S) crop rotations and an organic pasture (bromegrass, fescue, alfalfa, white clover) system. Thirty fully-instrumented, subsurface-drained plots (30.5 m × 30.5 m) laid out in a randomized block design with 5 field replications, isolate subsurface drainage from each plot and permit comparison of treatment effects on subsurface drainage water flow and nutrient concentrations. Objectives for this study were to quantify growing season subsurface drainage water flow, NO3-N concentrations, and NO3-N loads for conventional and organic grain cropping systems from 2012-2014. Temporal patterns of subsurface drainage water flux were similar for all cropping systems for all years, except for the pasture system in 2012 and subsurface drainage water N concentrations were highest in the conventional C-S system except for the early spring 2012. Subsurface drainage water N loading loss for the entire 3-year period from the conventional C-S system (79.2 kgN ha-1) was nearly twice as much as the N loss from the organic C-S-O/A-A system (39.9 kgN ha-1); the pasture system (16.5 kgN ha-1) lost the least amount of N over the 3 years. Results of this study suggest that organic farming practices, such as the application of composted animal manure and the use of forage legumes and green manures within extended cropping rotations, can improve water quality in Midwestern subsurface-drained landscapes.
Nutrient Cycling and Soil Health in Organic Cropping Systems - Importance of Management Strategies and Soil Resilience
Authors: Lynch Derek H.
Published: June 2015

Organic field crop systems are characterized by complex rotations with high spatial and temporal vegetative diversity, an enhanced use of legumes, and reduced external nutrient (nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P)) use. At the same time, a core premise of certified organic agriculture is that this farming system provides benefits to soil health via enhanced microbial diversity. The following short review, drawing primarily upon selected studies from North America, examines the impact of farming systems, and various management strategies within these, on soil organic matter, N and P dynamics, and soil microbial and macrofaunal abundance and diversity. Organic cropping systems are shown to provide benefits with respect to reduced farm N and P surpluses, in combination with maintenance of soil organic matter and improved soil health. However, soil health benefits appear consistently achieved only for larger soil organisms partly due to the resilience of the soil microbial community. Recent research examining soil P dynamics and P uptake in relation to legume biological N2 fixation and bacterial and mycorrhizal community diversity provide evidence of the resilience of the soil microbial community with respect to functionality, if not diversity of microbial community composition. These latter results may challenge organic agriculture core premises of consistent benefits to soil health via enhanced microbial diversity, but in its place may lead to an improved understanding of how specific cropping practices and production system intensity overall, rather than farming system per se, influences both nutrient cycling and soil ecosystem functioning.
Utilização do método FMEA na identificação e análise dos impactos ambientais causados pelos postos de combustíveis: um estudo de caso.
Authors: Maciel Dayanna Dos Santos Costa , Freitas Lúcia Santana de
Published: June 2015

The retail of fuel is one of the activities that generates  significant impacts on the environment. In this sense, this study aims to identify and analyze the potential environmental impacts caused by the activities carried out by a fuel station in the light of the method Failure Analysis  and its Effects (FMEA). It was used as a theoretical basis the model proposed by Vandenbrande FMEA (1998). Regarding the methodology, the research is classified as exploratory and descriptive, using the case study method. To this end, we collected primary and secondary data, the primary were obtained through semi-structured interviews with the owner, manager, attendants, vendors and cookers of the restaurant, and on-site observation. As for the secondary data were obtained through reports, articles, environmental  permits, among others. As a result of impact was identified as the high risk of human exposure, medium risk of contamination of soil and water and fire, and the low risk of waste, it is concluded therefore that the use of the FMEA method contributes for the  constant evaluation of environmental risk and the adoption of mitigation actions, which will lead the organization to improve its processes and monitoring of such improvements by measuring the levels of criticality.
Enseigner les RDA : un défi de taille
Authors: Pilon Nathalie
Published: June 2015

L’arrivée de nouvelles normes représente toujours une période de grands changements pour un milieu documentaire. Le monde du catalogage connaît en ce moment de grands bouleversements avec l’arrivée d’un nouveau code de catalogage, les RDA (Ressources : description et accès). L’arrivée d’une nouvelle norme présente également des défis considérables pour les milieux d’enseignement. Cet article s’attarde aux défis soulevés par l’arrivée des RDA dans le domaine de l’enseignement formel.
Les médiateurs du livre, passeurs culturels des légendes québécoises adaptées pour la jeunesse
Authors: Sorin Noëlle , Pouliot Suzanne
Published: June 2015

Depuis 2001, avec le renouveau pédagogique et la dimension culturelle qui le teinte fortement, on insiste au Québec sur le rehaussement culturel du programme de formation des écoles, notamment dans les disciplines (Québec. Ministère de l’Éducation 1997a et b). Les orientations du Programme de formation de l’école québécoise (Québec. Ministère de l’Éducation 2001b) préconisent l’ancrage culturel dans les apprentissages réalisés par l’élève afin d’élargir sa vision du monde, de structurer son identité et de développer son pouvoir d’action. Dans cette perspective, nous avons exploité les classiques pour la jeunesse afin de non seulement développer la compétence à apprécier des oeuvres littéraires par une mise en réseau de lectures, mais aussi de construire une culture commune chez des élèves du 2ecycle du primaire. La lecture en réseaux est un outil didactique tout à fait transférable dans le milieu des bibliothèques publiques et scolaires, tout comme certains outils d’évaluation formative utilisés en classe, en vue de saisir l’appréciation critique des jeunes.
Repenser la relation bibliothécaires-professeurs : l’intégration physique d’un bibliothécaire dans un département universitaire
Authors: Ruest Marie-Ève
Published: June 2015

Il y a environ huit ans, la bibliothèque Paul-Émile-Boulet de l’Université du Québec à Chicoutimi (UQAC) a adopté l’approche de la délocalisation, soit l’intégration physique d’un bibliothécaire dans un département universitaire. La délocalisation s’est imposée comme une solution pour se rapprocher des usagers. En s’intégrant au département, le bibliothécaire devient un membre de cette communauté, ce qui favorise la collaboration et les partenariats entre les deux milieux. Le présent article présente le principe de délocalisation tout en partageant l’expérience vécue à l’UQAC; il décrit l’implantation d’un projet de délocalisation, les freins communs à éviter et les défis à relever.
Les jeunes adultes à la découverte de nouvelles musiques : quel rôle pour les bibliothèques publiques ?
Authors: Laplante Audrey
Published: June 2015

Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude sur les stratégies qu’utilisent les jeunes adultes pour découvrir de nouvelles musiques. Des entrevues ont été réalisées avec 15 adultes de la région de Montréal, âgés de 18 à 29 ans. L’analyse a révélé que, pour faire des découvertes, les participants comptent principalement sur : 1) leur cercle social ; 2) les ressources du Web ; et 3) les magasins de disques. Ils font preuve d’une confiance limitée envers les experts et considèrent la recherche de musique comme une activité de loisir. Des suggestions sont données quant à la façon de tirer profit de ces résultats pour améliorer les services offerts en bibliothèque publique.
Attention! La techno envahit nos collections!
Authors: Lafaille Madeleine , Thomas Wendy , Depocas Alain
Published: June 2015

Dans nos espaces professionnels, les technologies sont venues transformer au fil du
temps nos outils et nos méthodes de travail, en plus d’offrir de nouvelles avenues pour
accéder aux sources d’information. Plus récemment, la technologie envahit également nos
collections, en ce qu’elle constitue en soi la matière première utilisée pour créer des
documents, des oeuvres d’art ou des objets patrimoniaux. À titre d’exemple, les arts
médiatiques englobent plusieurs types de technologies, tant numériques qu’analogiques,
posant de nouvelles questions quant au niveau de description et de documentation, aux normes
terminologiques, à la préservation et à la conservation des oeuvres. Cette situation pose de
nouveaux défis dans les institutions muséales, où les concepts de documentation, de
présentation et de préservation des collections doivent être réexaminés. Les outils et les
ressources proposées par des groupes de recherche internationaux, dont l’Alliance de
recherche DOCAM, qui regroupent de plus en plus souvent des muséologues et des spécialistes
des sciences de l’information, aident les institutions muséales et les organismes similaires
à assumer plus efficacement leur rôle de documentation, de gestion et de préservation de ce
nouveau type de collections.
La situation de la veille informationnelle dans les organisations gouvernementale
Authors: Moreau Isabelle , Rodrigue Julie
Published: June 2015

Grâce à l’obtention d’une bourse du Fonds de recherche et de développement Hubert-Perron, décernée par l’Asted en 2006, les auteures ont effectué un sondage auprès de professionnels de l’information du milieu gouvernemental. L’étude descriptive, dont les résultats sont présentés dans cet article, concerne la veille informationnelle. Les auteures exposent également la schématisation d’un modèle de veille stratégique intégrant la veille informationnelle.
Les bibliothèques universitaires québécoises : retour vers le futur
Authors: Delorme Silvie
Published: June 2015

Après avoir présenté le réseau québécois de bibliothèques universitaires, l’auteure en expose les enjeux (mondialisation, recrutement des étudiants, financement, lente croissance démographique, enseignement à distance, etc.). Finalement, elle résume le plan d’action du Sous-comité des bibliothèques de la Conférence des recteurs et des principaux des universités du Québec pour les années 2007 à 2010, lequel englobe, entre autres thèmes, l’accès aux collections, la formation à la recherche, l’accueil de nouveaux lecteurs et la collaboration avec les communautés du voisinage.
Le bibliothécaire québécois en entreprise : le défi du changement
Authors: Dion Lucie , Galipeau Robert , Gagnon Émilie , Toms Emily
Published: June 2015

Cet article trace le portrait des spécialistes de l’information et des bibliothèques spécialisées implantées dans les entreprises au Québec. Nous décrirons comment les bibliothécaires réagissent aux défis posés par la mondialisation, la centralisation des ressources informationnelles, l’apparition des centres d’information et des services virtuels, l’optimisation de l’utilisation des technologies de l’information, l’intégration de la gestion de l’information, le marketing des services au sein de l’organisation, la gestion des connaissances, l’apparition d’usagers toujours plus compétents et, finalement, l’obtention de la reconnaissance professionnelle.
Les bibliothèques et les centres de documentation du milieu de la santé au Québec
Authors: Dumais Robin
Published: June 2015

Les bibliothèques médicales sont essentielles : elles soutiennent la prise de décisions cliniques et administratives tout en étant partie intégrante de la formation des professionnels en santé et de la recherche scientifique. Cet article dresse un portrait des bibliothèques dans les établissements et agences de santé et de services sociaux du Québec. L’auteur décrit le contexte dans lequel évoluent ces centres documentaires, en faisant part de nombreux changements survenus dans l’organisation des soins de santé au Québec et de l’esprit de collaboration qui anime le réseau documentaire en santé. Il aborde la place des centres de documentation dans les organisations de santé, leurs effectifs professionnels, l’évolution des services offerts à leur clientèle et leurs collections de plus en plus virtuelles. Pour clore, l’auteur présente un bref aperçu des nouveaux rôles possibles des professionnels de l’information en santé.
La production vidéo : une pratique multimodale pour tisser des liens entre l’école et les littératies hors scolaires
Authors: Dagenais Diane , Toohey Kelleen
Published: June 2015

Nous examinons, dans cet article, deux projets de littératie permettant de faire le pont entre les sphères d’activité scolaires, familiales et communautaires. Le premier projet portait sur l’échange international de vidéos produits par des jeunes bilingues et plurilingues du primaire et du secondaire. Le deuxième projet impliquait des apprenants de l’anglais inscrits au primaire dans la création de vidéos documentaires. Le cadre théorique unissant ces deux projets permet de concevoir la production vidéo comme une forme de littératie multimodale mobilisant plusieurs moyens d’expression et ressources du répertoire linguistique. Nous présentons un récit interprétatif pour décrire les interactions entre les enfants et la technologie ainsi que les liens qu’ils tissent entre les apprentissages et les expériences vécues dans différents domaines de leur vie. Nous nous attardons aux conditions matérielles et aux discours institutionnels pour identifier comment ils influencent l’ouverture du milieu scolaire aux littératies multimodales.
Low slip rates and multimillennial return times for Mw 7 earthquake faults in southern Calabria (Italy)
Authors: Galli Paolo A. C. , Peronace Edoardo
Published: June 2015

The Calabrian Arc is the epicentral region of one third of the strongest earthquakes of Italy (Mw ≥ 7.0). These are confined within a narrow peninsula which is the emerging portion of a slab‐related accretionary wedge, and all occurred in the past four centuries. Therefore, here more than anywhere in Italy, historical seismicity alone is not sufficient for seismic hazard assessment. We carried out geological and paleoseismological studies in southern Calabria that allowed characterizing the seismogenic behavior of the Cittanova fault which was responsible for one of the most catastrophic earthquakes to ever occur in Europe, the Mw 7.0 5 February 1783 event. We have found out conclusive evidence for four Holocene earthquakes prior to 1783, with a recurrence time longer (~3.2 kyr) than the other Apennine faults (0.3–2.4 kyr). We have also estimated a robust slip rate for the late Upper Pleistocene (0.6 mm/yr) and an extension rate (0.4 mm/yr) that could reflect the residual back‐arc opening of the Tyrrhenian Basin.
Skillful prediction of Barents Sea ice cover
Authors: Onarheim Ingrid H. , Eldevik Tor , Årthun Marius , Ingvaldsen Randi B. , Smedsrud Lars H.
Published: June 2015

A main concern of present climate change is the Arctic sea ice cover. In wintertime, its observed variability is largely carried by the Barents Sea. Here we propose and evaluate a simple quantitative and prognostic framework based on first principles and rooted in observations to predict the annual mean Barents Sea ice cover, which variance is carried by the winter ice (96%). By using observed ocean heat transport and sea ice area, the proposed framework appears skillful and explains 50% of the observed sea ice variance up to 2 years in advance. The qualitative prediction of increase versus decrease in ice cover is correct 88% of the time. Model imperfections can largely be diagnosed from simultaneous meridional winds. The framework and skill are supported by a 60 year simulation from a regional ice‐ocean model. We particularly predict that the winter sea ice cover for 2016 will be slightly less than 2015.
Power spectrum analysis of ionospheric fluctuations with the Murchison Widefield Array
Authors: Loi Shyeh Tjing , Trott Cathryn M. , Murphy Tara , Cairns Iver H. , Bell Martin , Hurley‐Walker Natasha , Morgan John , Lenc Emil , Offringa A. R. , Feng L. , Hancock P. J. , Kaplan D. L. , Kudryavtseva N. , Bernardi G. , Bowman J. D. , Briggs F. , Cappallo R. J. , Corey B. E. , Deshpande A. A. , Emrich D. , Gaensler B. M. , Goeke R. , Greenhill L. J. , Hazelton B. J. , Johnston‐Hollitt M. , Kasper J. C. , Kratzenberg E. , Lonsdale C. J. , Lynch M. J. , McWhirter S. R. , Mitchell D. A. , Morales M. F. , Morgan E. , Oberoi D. , Ord S. M. , Prabu T. , Rogers A. E. E. , Roshi A. , Shankar N. Udaya , Srivani K. S. , Subrahmanyan R. , Tingay S. J. , Waterson M. , Wayth R. B. , Webster R. L. , Whitney A. R. , Williams A. , Williams C. L.
Published: June 2015

Low‐frequency, wide field‐of‐view (FOV) radio telescopes such as the Murchison Widefield Array (MWA) enable the ionosphere to be sampled at high spatial completeness. We present the results of the first power spectrum analysis of ionospheric fluctuations in MWA data, where we examined the position offsets of radio sources appearing in two data sets. The refractive shifts in the positions of celestial sources are proportional to spatial gradients in the electron column density transverse to the line of sight. These can be used to probe plasma structures and waves in the ionosphere. The regional (10–100 km) scales probed by the MWA, determined by the size of its FOV and the spatial density of radio sources (typically thousands in a single FOV), complement the global (100–1000 km) scales of GPS studies and local (0.01–1 km) scales of radar scattering measurements. Our data exhibit a range of complex structures and waves. Some fluctuations have the characteristics of traveling ionospheric disturbances, while others take the form of narrow, slowly drifting bands aligned along the Earth's magnetic field.
Stepwise Drug‐Release Behavior of Onion‐Like Vesicles Generated from Emulsification‐Induced Assembly of Semicrystalline Polymer Amphiphiles
Authors: Park Mi‐Kyoung , Jun Sangmi , Kim Inhye , Jin Seon‐Mi , Kim Jin‐Gyu , Shin Tae Joo , Lee Eunji
Published: June 2015

Tailoring unique nanostructures of biocompatible and degradable polymers and the consequent elucidation of shape effects in drug delivery open tremendous opportunities not only to broaden their biomedical applications but also to identify new directions for the design of nanomedicine. Cellular organelles provide the basic structural and functional motif for the development of novel artificial nanoplatforms. Herein, aqueous onion‐like vesicles structurally mimicking multicompartmentalized cellular organelles by exhibiting exquisite control over the molecular assembly of poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PEO‐b‐PCL) semicrystalline amphiphiles are reported. Compared to in situ self‐assembly, emulsification‐induced assembly endows the resulting nanoaggregates of PEO‐b‐PCL with structural diversity such as helical ribbons and onion‐like vesicles through the molecular packing modification in the hydrophobic core with a reduction of inherent crystalline character of PCL. In particular, onion‐like vesicles composed of alternating walls and water channels are interpreted by nanometer‐scale 3D visualization via cryogenic‐electron tomo­graphy (cryo‐ET). Interestingly, the nature of the multi‐walled vesicles results in high drug‐loading capacity and stepwise drug release through hydrolytic cleavage of the PCL block. The crystalline arrangement of PCL at the molecular scale and the spatial organization of assembled structure at the nanoscale significantly affect the drug‐release behavior of PEO‐b‐PCL nanovehicles.
Dexamethasone suppresses allergic rhinitis and amplifies CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in vitro
Authors: Wang Weihua , Jiang Tingting , Zhu Zhenghua , Cui Jiawen , Zhu Liwei , Ma Zhaoxin
Published: June 2015

Background

Glucocorticosteroids (GCs) are highly effective in mitigating allergic inflammation. In this study, we investigate the effects of dexamethasone (DEX) on regulatory T cells (Tregs) in a murine model of allergic rhinitis (AR).

Methods

BALB/c mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) followed by intranasal OVA challenge. Mice in the treatment group received DEX by intraperitoneal injection (5 mg/kg/day) 1 hour before the OVA challenge. Further, CD4+CD25− T cells from the spleens were cultured in presence of DEX. The effects of DEX on CD4+Foxp3+ T cells were then assessed in vivo as well as in vitro.

Results

Frequencies of sneezing and scratching decreased significantly in the DEX‐treated group compared to that in the OVA group. Histopathological analyses showed that DEX restored the destroyed and discontinuous ciliated epithelium of the nasal mucosa in the OVA group. Moreover, DEX inhibited the production of interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐5, and IL‐13 in the nasal cavity lavage fluid in this group. We also observed a significant increase in the percentage of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells in the OVA group. In vivo, DEX treatment significantly decreased the number of CD4+Foxp3+ T cells. However, in vitro, the proportion of these cells increased in the presence of DEX. Furthermore, the number of late stage apoptotic CD4+ T cells was also significantly increased upon exposure to DEX.

Conclusion

DEX therapy effectively suppresses AR symptoms, but does not result in the expected increase in the frequency of Tregs in vivo. Thus, whether GCs exert immunosuppressive effects by influencing the number of Tregs remains unresolved.
Regio‐ and Stereoselective Conjugate Addition of Aldehydes to β‐Tosyl Enones under the Catalysis of a Binaphthyl‐Modified Chiral Amine
Authors: Kano Taichi , Sugimoto Hisashi , Maruyama Hiroki , Maruoka Keiji
Published: June 2015

A simple axially chiral amine catalyst promoted the regio‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective conjugate addition of aldehydes to β‐tosyl enones, which serve as ynone surrogates. The adducts were readily converted by treatment with L‐selectride into less accessible enones with a γ stereogenic center. Such compounds cannot be prepared through the amine‐catalyzed conjugate addition of aldehydes to ynones. The obtained enones underwent further conjugate addition of diorganozinc compounds in the presence of a copper catalyst.
Radicals Are Required for Thiol Etching of Gold Particles
Authors: Dreier Timothy A. , Ackerson Christopher J.
Published: June 2015

Etching of gold with an excess of thiol ligand is used in both synthesis and analysis of gold particles. Mechanistically, the process of etching gold with excess thiol is unclear. Previous studies have obliquely considered the role of oxygen in thiolate etching of gold. Herein, we show that oxygen or a radical initiator is a necessary component for efficient etching of gold by thiolates. Attenuation of the etching process by radical scavengers in the presence of oxygen, and the restoration of activity by radical initiators under inert atmosphere, strongly implicate the oxygen radical. These data led us to propose an atomistic mechanism in which the oxygen radical initiates the etching process.
β,β‐Diborylated Subporphyrinato Boron(III) Complexes as Useful Synthetic Precursors
Authors: Kitano Masaaki , Okuda Yasuhiro , Tsurumaki Eiji , Tanaka Takayuki , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: June 2015

Iridium‐catalyzed borylation of B‐aryl meso‐free subporphyrinato boron(III) complexes (hereinafter referred to simply as subporphyrins) with bis(pinacolato)diboron gave 2,13‐diborylated subporphyrins regioselectively, which served as promising synthetic precursors for 2,13‐diarylated subporphyrins and doubly β‐to‐β 1,3‐butadiyne‐bridged subporphyrin dimers. 2,13‐Diarylated subporphyrins display perturbed absorption spectra, depending upon the β‐aryl substituents. Doubly 1,3‐butadiyne‐bridged syn and anti subporphyrin dimers thus prepared exhibit differently altered absorption spectra with split Soret‐like bands, which have been accounted for in terms of exciton coupling.
Force Spectroscopy of Metal–Crown Ether Multivalency: Effect of Local Environments on Energy Landscape and Sensing Kinetics
Authors: Kuo Ting‐Yang , Tseng Wei‐Hsiang , Chen Chun‐hsien
Published: June 2015

Sandwich complexation involving alkali or alkaline‐earth metals, multivalency, and effects associated with local environments is widely encountered in biological and synthetic systems yet the mechanic properties remain unexplored. Herein, AFM (atomic force microscopy)‐based single‐molecule force spectroscopy is employed to investigate a classical model of Mn+[15C5]2, a metal cation hosted jointly by two 15‐crown‐5 moieties immobilized on both the substrate and the AFM tip. Factors reportedly promoting the recognition performance are examined. The rupture force required to break apart Mn+[15C5]2 is found to be in the order of tens of pico‐Newton, e.g., fβ=31 pN for K+[15C5]2. The presence of a second functional group, carboxylate, confers K+[15C5]2 with a longer lifetime (from 13 to 16 ms), faster association (from 0.4 to 1.3×106 M−1 s−1), and slower dissociation (from 77 to 62 s−1). The effect of local environments is significant on association yet less critical on dissociation pathways.
Doping Effects in Cluster‐Mediated Bond Activation
Authors: Schwarz Helmut
Published: June 2015

Gas‐phase investigations of judiciously doped oxide clusters permit to address fundamental challenges related to, for example, the low‐temperature oxidation of CO or the selective conversion of hydrocarbons. Modifying the size and composition of a free cluster in a controlled way enables the modification of local charge effects and of spin states, and spectroscopic studies in combination with computational work help to identify the active site of a catalyst and to unravel mechanistic details. Also, the interplay of the support material with the reactive part of a composite catalyst cluster can be addressed. Examples will be presented demonstrating how and why the gas‐phase reactivities of heteronuclear clusters, in comparison with their homonuclear counterparts, toward small, generally rather inert molecules can be increased, decreased, or not significantly affected.
Photocontrolled Reversible Conversion of Nanotube and Nanoparticle Mediated by β‐Cyclodextrin Dimers
Authors: Sun He‐Lue , Chen Yong , Zhao Jin , Liu Yu
Published: June 2015

A photochemically interconvertible supramolecular nanotube–nanoparticle system was constructed through secondary assembling of self‐aggregates of amphiphilic porphyrin derivatives mediated by trans‐ and cis‐azobenzene‐bridged bis(permethyl‐β‐cyclodextrin). Significantly, these nanotubes and nanoparticles were able to interconvert upon irradiation at different wavelengths, and this photocontrolled morphological conversion is reversible and recyclable for tens of times, which will provide a feasible and convenient way to construct the ordered nanostructure with various morphologies that can be smartly controlled by the environmentally benign external stimulus.
Ruthenium Clusters on Carbon Nanofibers for Formic Acid Decomposition: Effect of Doping the Support with Nitrogen
Authors: Zacharska Monika , Podyacheva Olga Yu. , Kibis Lidiya S. , Boronin Andrey I. , Senkovskiy Boris V. , Gerasimov Evgeny Yu. , Taran Oxana P. , Ayusheev Artemiy B. , Parmon Valentin N. , Leahy J. J. , Bulushev Dmitri A.
Published: June 2015

The catalytic properties of 1 wt % Ru catalysts with the same mean Ru cluster size of 1.4–1.5 nm supported on herringbone‐type carbon nanofibers with different N contents were compared for H2 production from formic acid decomposition. The Ru catalyst on the support with 6.8 wt % N gave a 1.5–2 times higher activity for the dehydrogenation reaction (CO2, H2) than the catalyst on the undoped support. The activity in the dehydration reaction (CO, H2O) was the same. As a result, the selectivity to H2 increased significantly from 83 to 92 % with N‐doping, and the activation energies for both reactions were close (55–58 kJ mol−1). The improvement could be explained by the presence of Ru clusters stabilized by pyridinic N located on the open edges of the external surface of the carbon nanofibers. This N may activate formic acid by the formation of an adduct (>NH+HCOO−) followed by its dehydrogenation on the adjacent Ru clusters.
Cu/Fe‐Cocatalyzed Formation of β‐Ketophosphonates by a Domino Knoevenagel–Decarboxylation–Oxyphosphorylation Sequence from Aromatic Aldehydes and H‐Phosphonates
Authors: Zhou Mingxin , Zhou Yao , Song Qiuling
Published: June 2015

A domino Knoevenagel–decarboxylation–alkene difunctionalization sequence has been developed for the conversion of benzaldehydes into β‐ketophosphonates, catalyzed by a cooperative Cu/Fe system, whereby CP and CO bonds are formed simultaneously in a one‐pot reaction. The reaction proceeds in good yields and with a broad substrate scope and environmentally benign conditions.