bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Green Building Certificate on Firm’s Financial Performance
Authors: Samad Nur Syafiqah A. , Abdul-Rahim Abdul Samad , Mohd Yusof Mohd Johari , Tanaka Katsuya
Published: September 2020

Implementation of green building (GB) practice is one of the environmental practice taken by some developers in order to overcome the loss of green space in urban area. The developers who are implement GB practice are eligible to get GB certificate. As reported by Green Building Index (GBI) on 2016, only 8% out of 2,000 developers have GB certificate. Most of them are not interested and stated that adoption of GB certificate is not a preferred investment for their business. Their perception are contradict with the previous studies which have proved that the environmental practice is positively significant with firms’ financial performance. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of GB certificate on the firms’ financial performance. A total of 323 developers’ financial reports for the year 2015 were collected from Bursa Saham Malaysia and Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia. Using propensity score matching (PSM) technique, it was found that developers with GB certificate had higher return on asset (ROA) compared to developers without GB certificate. In conclusion, GB certificate have positive impact on firm’s financial performance. The finding of this study will motivate other developers to implement GB practice in their upcoming project development.
A Review on Sustainable Development and Heritage Preservation and its Conceal Detrimental in Batik Dyeing
Authors: Mat Hussin Nurul Syahida , Ismail Ahmad Rasdan , Hasbullah Sarah Wahida , Kadir Nawwal Abdul
Published: September 2020

Sustainable generally refers to maintain, preserve and balance the ecological by avoiding depletion of natural resources. Sustainable puts the construct plan involved in economic growth, social progress and environmental protection which also imply in heritage preservation. However, the imbalance pillar towards the demand of the batik deteriorate the ecology despites of increase in demanding this prominent artefact. The methodology of this study used content reviewing by referring the previous study, texts and discussions. This paper aim is to bring up the issues on the use of synthetic dyes in batik dyeing that can harm the people and environment, but it initiatively can be overcome by using sustainable strategies – cradle-to-cradle. Therefore, the introduction to the use of natural dyes for batik dyeing initiatives may lead to the awareness and knowledge about eco-friendly dyeing and exposure to local wisdom dyeing process.
Should We Rely on Natural Forests to Produce Timber? A Preliminary Study of Kelantan
Authors: Wahob Noraida Abd. , Abdul Samad Abdul-Rahim
Published: September 2020

Kelantan is one of the states in Malaysia with the third largest forest area in Malaysia. Most of the forest in Kelantan has not explored. However, some of the forest areas cleared for logging and development activities. In response to the Malaysian government’s commitment to sustainable forest management, the state of Kelantan took the initiative by developing forest plantation to support the production of raw materials for timber-based industrial activities. The major sources of the raw materials for timber coming from the natural forest instead of forest plantation. This paper examines the economic impact on the supply of timber in Kelantan complies with the scenarios under Sustainable Forest Management (SFM) practices. The Ordinary Least Square method was used time-series data from 2010 to 2017. The scenario comprised of three scenarios; (i) reduced by 24% in harvested area in natural forest, (ii) increased by 24% in harvested area in forest plantation and (iii) incorporated with scenarios (i) and (ii). The result reveals that the supply of timber affected by SFM practices. However, the shortage of timber enhanced by the production of timber from forest plantation by 4.8% when both scenarios imposed together. This indicated that the changes from dependence on the natural forest-to-forest plantation to produce timber in the further are needed. The state government of Kelantan need to encourage forest authority to increase the intensity of forest plantation in Kelantan order to fulfill the production of timber as raw material for forest products. This action would generate economic growth in the timber-based sector in line with its sustainability in Kelantan. It will also help to enhance its forest conservation goal in Peninsular Malaysia.
Risk in Green Retrofits Projects: A Preliminary Study on Energy Efficiency
Authors: Nikman Lee Mohammad Syabilee , Mohamed Sulzakimin , Nasid Masrom Md Asrul , Abas Muhamad Azahar , Wee Seow Ta
Published: September 2020

A green building has generally been adopted as one of the most effective strategies towards sustainable development in many countries which is vital in order to create sustainable environment. Despite the benefits of green retrofit to the sustainable environment, there are still retrofitted building is performed below expectation during planning stage which eventually rising operation cost. Although energy efficiency study is over emphasize in green building field, little attention has been paid off to examine the crucial phases in pre-construction stages for green retrofit and a risk that bring energy deficiency. Therefore, the aim of this research is explore a risk that influencing energy efficiency in each phases of pre-construction stage for green retrofit towards commercial building in Malaysia. The study is further support by interview sessions that has been carried out with five retrofit architects that actively involved in construction of commercial buildings in Malaysia. Based on the interviews, the risk in pre-construction stage is crucial to be assessed to minimizing energy deficiency in retrofit project. The findings of the study may useful for design consultant to deliver retrofitting project towards achieving feasible energy efficiency building.
Can Protection Motivation Theory Predict Consumer’s Behavioural Intention Toward the Choice of Certified Sustainable Palm Oil in Klang Valley Malaysia?
Authors: Dauda Suleiman Alhaji , Sidique Shaufique Fahmi , Djama Marcel , Sheng Tey Yeong , Hassin Nor Hizami
Published: September 2020

Encouraging consumers to participate in the promotion of sustainably certified palm oil production and consumption, may require their support towards the supply value chain mechanism. Value chain mechanism are often adopted to promote sustainability and assure the consumers and protect the environment from threat associated with palm oil. we applied Protection motivation theory in this research, and analyse through many set of its indicators to serve as a valuable framework to explain pro-environmental choice. There is dearth of empirical research that test the Protection Motivation Theory on the risk of unsustainable oil palm and its consequences. We equally adopted Structural Equation Model approach, and surveyed 332 consumers in Klang Valley Malaysia. And finally we access the perception of the consumers towards exposure to environmental threat caused by uncertified oil palm production, and coping strategy they adopt to minimize the threat. Though, consumers did not perceived high threat from the uncertified oil palm production, because they trust their perceived self-efficacy and response efficacy to cope up with the consequences of uncertified oil palms. However, even though they indicates, absence of institutional arrangement such as RSPO can expose them to threat of uncertified oil palm, but they perceive the coping strategy adopted by Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO) was not adequately effectively to ensure compliance with RSPO principles, that would not address the problems associated with uncertified oil palms.
Visitor’s Perception and Attitude toward the Ecotourism Resources at Taman Negara Kuala Koh, Kelantan
Authors: Junus Siti Zubaidah , Hambali Kamarul Ariffin , Mar Iman Abdul Hamid , Abas Muhamad Azahar , Hassin Nor Hizami
Published: September 2020

Ecotourism resources is the key element that supply the greatest value for tourist attraction. However, the scenerity of the resources could have a risk to destroy if it was not managed properly or could not be taken seriously preserved. Thus, this paper is aim to explore visitors’ perceptions and attitude toward the ecotourism resources at Taman Negara Kuala Koh (TNKK), Gua Musang, Kelantan. A one month survey with closed-ended questionnaire format was administered to 113 visitors during their visit to TNKK. SPSS 12.0 statistical software was used to carry out the descriptive and inferential analysis to show the sample distribution, the differences in the perception, and the level of attitude toward sustainability of eco-tourism resources among visitors. The results showed that the visitors have a positive perceptions and attitudes toward the ecotourism resources provided at TNKK. Most of the visitors agreed that TNKK have a plenty of attractive ecotourism resources that they enjoyed in the nature-based tourism destination. Thus, the park management should be further initiate the necessary efforts and actions in order to withstand the ecotourism resources provided in TNKK. The fascinating view and resources in TNKK would have attracted more visitors to come as well as to have generating more income for the the park mantainance and development in future.
Local Communities Willingness to Pay for Conservation of Ecotourism Resources at Gelam Forest, Kelantan, Malaysia
Authors: Hassin Nor Hizami , Koshy Nitanan , Hambali Kamarul , Kumaran Jayaraj Vijaya
Published: September 2020

Gelam Forest significantly has a unique biodiversity composition that is not found in other areas. This unique biodiversity has high potential for ecotourism that has yet to be explored and promoted in Malaysia. The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic value of Gelam (Mellaleuca spp.) forest for being developed as one of the potential ecotourism attractions in Kelantan. The primary data were collected through face to face surveys with the local community in districts of Bachok. A total of 200 respondents were participated in this study which consists of nearby locals that have different demographics. Contingent valuation method (CVM) was applied in this study to determine the local community’s willingness to pay for ecotourism resources conservation at Gelam Forest. The result from logit regression indicates that the bid amount (price), income and education of respondents were significant predictors that influenced the level of willingness to pay for ecotourism resources conservation of Gelam Forest nearby to Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Bachok Campus. The estimated mean for public’s willingness to pay is found to be RM 4.20 per head per year. It was concluded that Gelam Forest conservation initiatives were feasible for ecotourism development in future. The financial resources obtained from the amount of WTP might be used for conservation and as a fund for maintenances purposed.
Economic Valuation of Nature Area of Sultan Ismail Petra Ecosystem Protection Park (Pergau Lake), Malaysia
Authors: Mamat Mohd Parid , Abdullah Mukrimah , Hassin Nor Hizami , Tuan Hussain Faten Naseha
Published: September 2020

The value of protected natural environments is important for policy-making in a world of increasingly scarce natural resources. The natural environment includes protected areas such as forest reserves and lake parks which are also areas with high potential for ecotourism. The increasing demand for tourism has led to the development of infrastructure and facilities, particularly the development for ecotourism. However, the economic benefits of natural ecotourism areas are not readily quantified because of the unavailable market price. This is true for the forest and lake resources where the potential and realised benefits for recreation purposes are not valuated. If valuation is not done, the allocation of the resources cannot be optimised and the natural resources may be converted for other purposes. Quantifying the economic value of natural environment resources can show where goods and services are currently underpriced by the market. It can also indicate whether there is potential to develop new markets, to charge prices for the use of natural resources, or to capture natural resource benefits in financial terms. Other than generating revenue, prices and market measures can provide an effective means of regulating the demand for resources and of providing incentives for sustainable management. The purpose of the study is to estimate the value of Sultan Ismail Petra Ecosystem Protection Park (Pergau Lake), in Malaysia, through non-users’ willingness to pay (WTP). In this study, the dichotomous-choice contingent-valuation method (CVM) was employed to estimate the economic value of conserving the park through face-to-face interviews. The WTP was elicited from a total of 268 respondents. The respondents were asked whether they would be willing to contribute a conservation fee to preserve the park as a recreational site. The average WTP for all respondents was estimated to range between RM111.22 and RM293.12 annually, which translates to a contribution of between RM11.22 million and RM29.58 million in aggregate for the year 2019.
Urban Aesthetic Concept of Senen Area in Central Jakarta for Identity of Sustainable City
Authors: Radnawati Daisy , Febriani Yusi
Published: September 2020

Senen Area is a mainstay of Central Jakarta functioning as a commercial and public area with a historical value. In addition to the function of the use of facilities for pedestrian circulation, the problems faced by Senen Area are also the physical construction of facilities and multi-storey buildings that are not balanced with its landscape. Thus, a good landscape planning of Senen Area needs to be done to maintain its existence as a safe and comfortable business center that has a strong historical identity. The aspects analyzed in this research was the physical and biophysical conditions of the site, history and culture that influence the formation of the site, the condition of the user activity of the site, the pattern of design and the function of the site, the laying of the ornament, and the facility. The history of Senen Area is inseparable from the influence of various cultures, since colonial times until now. Various changes continue to occur, but the expected conditions are still difficult to achieve. The purpose of this study is to plan the landscape ornaments of the Senen Area both functionally and esthetically as the urban aesthetic appeal and regional identity.
Analysis of The Regional Development Level in Aceh Province
Authors: Ramadhan Agus , Sutandi Atang , Pravitasari Andrea Emma
Published: September 2020

Regional development level assessment is a way of measuring the level of welfare of an administrative region. This research aims to identify the level of regional economic growth, the level of regional development and clustered region based on the characteristics of the region. The analyses used in this research are Klassen typology, scalogram, entropy diversity index (EDI) and clustering. The results of this study indicate that the region’s economic growth rate in the province of Aceh during the year 2010-2016 amounted to 2.30%. The level of regional development in Aceh province is divided into 3 hierarchies. From 2011-2014, there are 3 regions that have developed to become more developed areas including the following: Banda Aceh City, Langsa City, and Sabang City referred to as Hierarchy I. There is also a negative development trend occurred in Aceh Singkil Regency as it has transformed from Hierarchy II to Hierarchy III. The Province of Aceh has the same level of economic activity in each regency which is dominated by the agricultural sector. Aceh Utara Regency is the region that has the most evenly distributed economic activity, while Sabang City is the region that has the most unequal distribution. Based on the regional characteristics, the cluster analysis in Aceh Province has identified 3 groups including the following: Group I (3 regencies), Group II (11 regencies), and Group III (9 regencies).
The Effect of Agroforestry System on Reducing Soil Erosion in Upstream Ciliwung Watershed
Authors: Rachman L M , Hidayat Y , Tarigan S D , Sitorus S P , Fitri R , Ain A Q
Published: September 2020

Land cover has a big role in determining soil erosion and watershed quality. Watershed quality in a lot of cases is being considered and used in a regional planning. It determines productivity, environmental pollution in a region. Upstream Ciliwung Watershed (UCW) is categorizes as critical watershed. The agroforestry development has great potential to decline soil erosion along with to improve agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability and watershed quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of agroforestry systems in reducing soil erosion in the UCW. It was found 21 agroforestry types in the UCW. Agroforestry system cannot be automatically expected to prevent soil erosion in the agricultural land and protect the corresponding watershed from destructive soil erosion. Under existing or actual agroforestry types, majority of them (16 types or 76.1 per cent) still have a destructive soil erosion effect. Only five agroforestry types which have EHI lower than 1 and safe from the destructive soil erosion. After applying a set of soil conservation practices, soil erosion of all agroforestry types became lower than E-tol. It shows that improved agroforestry system has a potential and can be used to reduce soil erosion lower than E-tol to maintain watershed quality and support sustainable agriculture.
Assessing the Agreement between Deforestation Maps of Kalimantan from Various Sources
Authors: Suyamto D , Condro AA , Prasetyo LB , Setiawan Y , Wijayanto AK
Published: September 2020

Due to its multiscale impacts, deforestation of tropical rainforests had become a global concern. A number of stakeholders comprising government, research agencies, and NGOs; ranging from local to international levels; have developed their own forest monitoring systems for detecting forest loss. However, discrepancies on deforestation reports from various producers often trigger public debates; which mostly degenerate the productivity of efforts in providing salient, legitimate and credible data on deforestation. Thus, we should reconcile the dispute by acknowledging the deforestation data from all sources. This study assessed the agreement between deforestation maps from various sources. In this case, deforestation maps of Kalimantan within 2009-2013 period from 4 sources were used; i.e. deforestation maps from European Space Agency - Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI), Forest Watch Indonesia (FWI), Global Forest Watch (GFW), and Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF). We found that the inter-rater agreement between deforestation maps were relatively low, as indicated by Cohen’s kappa (κ), ranging from slight (κ=0.18 between ESA-CCI and GFW) to fair (0.24 ≤ κ ≤ 0.35 for other pairs of sources); due to omission/commission disagreements (47.82% to 87.58%). It suggests that in order to reconcile the dispute, we should remove the omission disagreement by forming the union of deforestation maps. The results from further analyses proved that the union of deforestation maps increased the agreement to moderate (κ=0.44 between union map and FWI) and even substantial (κ=0.79 between union map and GFW). Findings of this study should support the implementation of one map policy.
Species composition and individual abundance of plankton in acid sulfate soil brackishwater ponds in Kotabaru Regency, South Kalimantan Province
Authors: Hasnawi  , Utojo  , Tarunamulia  , Kamariah
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the composition of species and individuals abundance of plankton in acid sulfate soil brackishwater ponds in Kotabaru Regency, South Kalimantan Province. The plankton was collected and preserved with 1% Lugol solution and species was identified by microscope and calculated with cell counting methods. Water quality variables measured in situ; temperature, transparency, salinity, DO, and pH, which existed; total organic matter, NO2-N, NO3-N, NH3-N, PO4-P and total suspended solids. The results showed that in acid sulfate soil ponds, were found 8 species of phytoplankton, classified into 4 classes i.e., Bacillariophyceae (4 species), Cyanophyceae (1 species) Dinophyceae (2 species) and Chlorophyceae (1 species) with an abundance of 10-410 ind./L while zooplankton type were found 9 species classified into 2 classes, i.e. Crustaceae (8 species) and Rotatoria (1 species) with an abundance of 14-637 ind./L. The dominant species of phytoplankton is Nitzschia sp from the Bacillariophyceae class with abundance are 482 ind./L, while the zooplankton type dominated by Copepoda sp from the Crustaceae class with an abundance of 583 ind./L. Value of dissolved oxygen, pH, NO3-N and total suspended solids in the pond are increased parallel with the increasing abundance of Nitzschia sp; otherwise, abundance Nitzschia sp decreased with increasing NH3-N. An abundance of Copepoda sp increased in line with increasing value of dissolved oxygen and pH while decreased with high temperature and NH3-N value.
Bacterial diversity in superintensive vanname shrimp aquaculture wastewater treatment plants in Barru and Takalar Regencies
Authors: Tampangallo B R , Idra Jaya Asaad A. , Undu M C , Khairana Kadriah I A , Anshary H.
Published: September 2020

Super intensive wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is needed to manage wastewater from aquaculture activities before being discharged into the waters. This study aims to determine the diversity of bacterial species in the WWTP super intensive vanname shrimp culture plots located in Barru and Takalar Regencies. The research method was designed by using a survey method in the WWTP super-intensive shrimp cultivation plot in Lajange Village, Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency, and Punanga Village, Takalar Regency. Sampling of DNA from water was carried out every two weeks for one culture cycle by filtering water from the WWTP outlet. The samples obtained were then DNA-extracted using cTAB dTAB DNA extraction kit (Iq2000). Quality of the DNA obtained was measured and analyzed using a genquan machine. Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analysis was carried out by sending the DNA samples to a commercial company (Genetics Science laboratory) for the analysis. The results showed that the highest relative diversity of samples from Barru was 60% unidentified, followed by vibrio, unidentified Chloroplast, Arcobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Marinobacterium, Marivita, Thalassatolea, Phaeodactylibacter, and Thalassalituus. Likewise, the relative diversity of bacteria from Takalary originating from Takalar, the highest was also not identified, followed by Pseudoalteromonas, unidentified_Chloroplast, Vibrio, Marivita, Thalassotalea, Phaedactylibacter, Thalassolituus, Arcobacter, and Tenacibaculum. It appears that the types of bacteria from the two sampling locations are still quite diverse and found probiotic bacteria, Pseudoalteromonas, that are commonly used in the cultivation of vanname shrimp in both WWTP plots.
Interannual sex ratio and maturity of Indian parrotfish Chlorurus capistratoidesBleeker, 1847 in Wallace line at Spermonde Archipelago
Authors: Tuwo A , Rahmani P Y , Samad W , Lanuru M , Husain A A A , Yasir I , Yanti A , Aprianto R , Tresnati J
Published: September 2020

Indian parrotfish Chlorurus capistratoides live in abundance in the Indo-Pacific region. Indian parrotfish is one of seven new species found in Indonesian waters, one of 34 species of economically important parrotfish caught in the waters of Spermonde, South Sulawesi. This study aims to examine the sex ratio, gonad maturity stage, and the size at first maturity of Indian parrotfish. This research was carried out in 2014 and 2019, using samples of Indian parrotfish from the waters of the Spermonde Islands, landed by fishermen in Rajawali Makassar Fisheries Port, Makassar city. Indian parrotfish sex ratio was not balanced between male and female fish. This imbalance was covered up by the synchrony of maturity stages of the female and male. This synchrony could increase the success of the fertilization process. This synchrony explains why the population of Indian parrotfish was always there, even unbalanced in sex ratio, and because males can produce enough sperm to fertilize the eggs produced by several females. The relatively same reproduction parameters in 2014 and 2019 indicated that the reproductive parameters of Indian parrotfish had not been affected by different environmental factors of the two different years that differ in 5 years.
Analysis of allometric growth and condition index of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) in Juata Laut Waters and Fishpond, Tarakan (Indonesia)
Authors: Salim Gazali , Indarjo Agus , Zein Mufrida , Yudho Prakoso Lukman , Suhirwan  , Achmad Daengs GS , Rukisah  , Bija Stephanie
Published: September 2020

The purposes of this research were to analyze the growth of allometric and condition index of tiger shrimp (P.monodon) in Juata Laut waters and fishpond, Tarakan (Indonesia). The implementation of research for 3 months from January to March 2020. The research method used a quantitative descriptive with a case study and exploratory approach. The determination of the study area was done with purposive judgment sampling originating from the catch of trawl fishermen in Juata Laut waters and fishpond, Tarakan (Indonesia). A sampling of tiger shrimp (P.monodon) based on surveys of the catches from those two locations. The data collection method involved the differences between sex, total length, carapace length, and the total weight of tiger shrimp (P.monodon) in the Laboratory of Fisheries Biology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, University of Borneo Tarakan. The research variables were sex ratio, allometric growth, and condition index of male and female tiger shrimp. The results from Juata Laut waters obtained a sex ratio for males and females was 2:1 with a percentage of the male at 66.7% and female at 33.3%. The allometric growth, i.e., a total length and a total weight of male was positive and female was negative with a condition index of male and female for thin body shape was 56.3% and 50%; ideal body shape of 12.5% and female not found; fat body shape was 31.3% and 50%, respectively. The results from fishpond showed that the sex ratio for males and females was 1:1.52, with a percentage of 39.6% for males and females was 60.4%. The allometric growth of total length and total weight from the male was negative and female was positive with condition index of a male was 2.4% and female was not found; the thin body shapes was 32.7% and 48.4%; the ideal body of 2.4% and 1.6%; the fat body was 57.1% and 50% for each one; very fat body was 2.4% and female was not found.
Distribution and characteristics of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) in South Sulawesi
Authors: Irmawati Irmawati , Umar Moh. Tauhid , Ambo Ala Husain Aidah , Citra Malina Asmi , Nurdin Kadir Nadiarti , Alimuddin Alimuddin
Published: September 2020

The Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Perciformes, Latidae), known as barramundi in Australia, as salamata and bale kanja in South Sulawesi, was first described by Bloch in 1790 under the name Holocentrus calcarifer. The euryhaline L. calcarifer is a high-value marine and freshwater fish, on a par with salmon and tuna. This species has a widespread distribution, but there has been a lack of research on the distribution and identification of the genus Lates in Indonesia, including in South Sulawesi. This research aimed to track the distribution of Asia seabass in South Sulawesi (Makassar Strait, Gulf of Bone and Flores Sea) with identification based on DNA barcoding and characterization based on morphological parameters. The results show that Asian seabass can be found from Takalar to Pinrang Regency in the Makassar Strait, along the coast of Bone Bay from Bone to Luwu Regency, and from Bantaeng Regency to Selayar Island. Nucleotide sequences of COI mtDNA representing four Asian seabass populations in the Makassar Strait and Gulf of Bone had 99.12-99.41% identity with Lates calcarifer sequences from Singapore, Malaysia and Australia (query cover 99-100%). L. calcarifer captured at Cenrana in Bone District had a distinctive silvery-yellowish-white colouring, unlike the silvery-greenish-white observed at the other sites. Body depth (BD) of L. calcarifer was 30.10-32.20% SL and on average caudal peduncle depth was 45.65 % BD. There were several morphological differences between L. calcarifer in this study and L. calcarifer from Thailand: dorsal spine and ray counts, anal ray count, and number of vertebrae.
Improving the quality of tridacnid clam juveniles through crossbreeding broodstock from different zones across the Spermonde Archipelago
Authors: Niartiningsih A , Nessa M N , Yusuf S
Published: September 2020

Tridacnid clam populations have declined, and they are considered as endangered. There is increasing concern over their status in the Spermonde archipelago, South Sulawesi, where some species can no longer be found, including larger species such asTridacna gigasandT. derasaas well as the shallow-water clamHippopus hippopus. This research aimed to produce high-quality juvenile tridacnid clams by crossbreeding distantly related broodstock from different zones as a contribution to the effective conservation of endangered species. The research was conducted in the Spermonde archipelago and at the Hasanuddin University Marine Station Hatchery in Barrang Lompo Island. Broodstock ofT derasaandT. squamosawere collected from zones III and IV of the Spermonde Archipelago. Juvenile clam production followed established methods for inducing spawning and larval rearing through trocophore, veliger, and pediveliger stages to produce juveniles that were reared in land-based and ocean nurseries. Parameters measured were the juvenile survival rate and the quality of zooxanthellae (density, chlorophyll content, and mitotic index). Data were analyzed descriptively. The mean density of zooxanthellae in juvenile clams was 3.17 x 106 cells/ind (range 3.15x106 - 5.27x106 cells/in). The mean chlorophyll-a content of these zooxanthellae was 2.7 mg/m3 (range 1.1 mg/m3 - 4.1 mg/m3), which is consistent with the mean phaeopigment concentration of 5.5 mg/m3 (range 4.2 mg/m3 - 6.2 mg/m). The mitotic index peaked at 8.5% between 09:00 and 12:00.
Growth pattern, condition factor and sex ratio of Grey Reef Shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker,1856) in Makassar Strait
Authors: Rapi N L , Mallawa A , Tresnati J , Amir F
Published: September 2020

Shark has been a sought-after species by fishermen due to its high economic value in the International market. It has increased shark’s fishing pressure on its wild population. Local fishermen are more likely to catch a grey reef shark rather than other fish commodities. The present study aimed to describe the length and weight relationships (LWRs), growth pattern, and sex ratio of Grey Reef Shark shark Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos (Bleeker, 1856) caught in Makassar Strait. Sampling was conducted from September to November 2019. The results showed that the total length of sharks caught ranged between 18 cm - 235 cm and weight between 1 kg - 120 kg. The growth pattern of the graceful shark was negative allometric growth, and the relative condition factors for males and females were 0.3131 - 2.4813 and 0.2965 - 1.6244, respectively. The sex ratio between males and females was 1:1.33.
Proportion of HABs in Losari coastal waters of Makassar
Authors: Tambaru R , Nafie Y A L , Junaidi A W
Published: September 2020

Harmful alga blooms (HABs) are phytoplankton considered dangerous in any waters, especially when found in a large number of cells. Research on the proportion of the emergence of harmful phytoplankton (HABs) had been conducted in June until December 2018 in the coastal waters of Losari Beach, Makassar City. The method developed by APHA was used to analyze the appearance of HABs, then a proportion test. Results showed that there were seven genera detected by HABs, namely Protoperidinium, Gymnodinium, Ceratium, Prorocentrum, Gyrodinium, Gonyaulax, and Dinophysis. All genera were groups of Dinophyceae. Based on the proportion test, HABs gained 41%. This means the percentage of HABs was still low in abundance when compared to a non-HABs type. Thus, the water condition of Losari has not been worrying. However, early preventive measures have to be taken into account to prevent the growth of HABs.
Characteristics and management of brackishwater pond soil in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
Authors: Mustafa Akhmad , Ratnawati Erna , Chaidir Undu Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Soil quality is one of the factors that determine the success and sustainability of aquaculture pond, including farms in South Sulawesi Province. Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension has conducted research on various aspects of brackishwater pond soil in Maros District and previously also in nine other districts in South Sulawesi Province. Brackishwater pond soil characteristics are summarized and reviewed to determine soil management so that brackishwater pond productivity can be improved. Brackishwater pond soil in the west coast of South Sulawesi Province, including Maros, Pangkep and Pinrang Districts, is dominated by acid sulfate soil (ASS) and non-acid sulfate soil (non-ASS); in the south coast of South Sulawesi (Bulukumba, Selayar Islands and Takalar Districts) the brackish water pond is soil dominated by non-ASS, and in the east coast South Sulawesi (East Luwu, North Luwu, Luwu and Bone Districts) is dominated by ASS and peat soil. ASS is characterized by soil characteristics such as low pH, high acidity potential and highly-toxic element content. Peat soil is characterized by high organic matter content, low pH and high acidity potential. Non-ASS is characterized by high pH, low acidity potential and low macro-nutrient content. Dominant soil textures of brackishwater pond in the South Sulawesi Province include sandy loam, loamy sand, clay loam and silty clay loam. To improve the quality of ASS, soil management is needed in the form of remediation by drying, submerging and flushing as well as liming. The quality of peat soil can be improved through remediation and fertilization, especially fertilizers containing nitrogen. Fertilization using both organic and inorganic fertilizers as well as using sulfur and gypsum, can improve the quality of non-ASS, including saline-sodic soil.
Rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) culture in floating net cage with different stocking densities
Authors: Syah Rachman , Makmur  , Tampangallo B R , Undu M C , Asaad A I J , Laining Asda
Published: September 2020

Rabbitfish (Siganus guttatus) is a schooling species which potential for being farmed in high density, however the information about stocking density of this species remain rare. This study was aimed to evaluate growth, survival rate, FCR, stress level and osmoregulation of Rabbitfish under different stocking densities. The tested fishes were the second generation (G2) of Rabbitfish that produced by hatchery outdoor of Research Institute of Coastal Aquaculture and Fisheries Extension, Maros, Indonesia. There were two stages of this study: the first stage was fingerling production. The seeds of Rabbitfish with average of length 6.2±0.8 cm and body weight 4.7±1.9 g/ind were reared in total of 12 units of 1 x 1 x 1 m3floating net cage for 90 days. The stocking densities were 50, 100, 150 and 200 ind/m3. The second stage of this study was fish growing, where the tested fishes were cultivated with stocking density of 100, 150 and 200 ind/m3in the same size of net as the first stage. The result of first stage showed that stocking density did not significantly affect growth rate of Rabbitfish fingerling. However, survival rate at stocking density of 50 (99.33±1.15%) and 100 ind/m3(98,33±0,58%) were higher compared to stocking densities 150 and 200 ind/m3(94.89±1.39 and 93.50±2.65%, respectively). The result of second stage showed that stocking density of 100 ind/m3resulted significant growth, survival rate and FCR compared to that observed on 150 and 200 ind/m3. The fish stocked with density of 100 ind/m3had length (18.6±0.3 cm), weigh (121.8±9.8 g/ind.), survival rate (92.0±2.6%) and FCR (4,41±0,43). Whereas, the result for fish stocked with 150 ind/m3were 17.6±0.3 cm, 107.1±7.0 gram, 86.2±7.1 % and 5.15±0.59, respectively, and 200 ind/m3were 16.9±0.2 cm, 96.5±5.9 gram, 82.2±2.3 % and 5,64±0,6, respectively. High stocking density might trigger stress on Rabbitfish and lower blood osmolality found on stocking density of 150 ind/m3(490.00±59.77 mOsm/kg) and 200 ind/m3(469.00±23.30 mOsm/kg) compared to that observed on density of 100 ind/m3(501.67±23.50 mosm/kg). During hypo-osmotic condition, the osmoregulation was not regulated by stocking density as indicated by blood osmotic performance levels <1, which was 0.37 mOsm/kg (100 ind/m3) and 0.33 mOsm/kg (for 150 and 200 ind/m3).
Feasibility study of seaweed farming Kappaphycus alvarezii in Sub-District North Pulau Laut and Sub-District East Pulau Laut Kota baru Regency, South Borneo, Indonesia
Authors: Tuwo A , RizkaAuliana  , Samawi M F , Aprianto R , Tresnati J
Published: September 2020

Kappaphycus alvrezii has the potential to be developed due to the increasing demand for local and international markets. To support the development of Kappaphycus alvrezii cultivation, a new feasible cultivation area is needed. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of Kappaphycus alvarezii farming in North Pulau Laut District and Pulau Laut Timur District, Kotabaru Regency, South Kalimantan. The analytical method used was a spatial analysis of physical and chemical parameters and strategic environmental conditions analysis. The total area of land suitable for seaweed cultivation in Pulau Laut Utara and Kecamatan Pulau Laut Timur was around 11,499 ha for the feasible category, with the waters carrying capacity of was 9,498 ha for 18,996 units of seaweed cultivation; with this carrying capacity, it can produce 79,783 to 96,880 tons year−1 for four times the harvest season or 99,729 to 121,100 tons year−1 for 5 times the harvest season. Three main strategies that need to be implemented to achieve the estimated production were improving quantity and quality of seaweed production, utilization of all suitable land for seaweed cultivation basing on the waters carrying capacity, and research development to improve the seaweed quality and products by involving universities, government, and private companies/institutions.
Development of integrated seaweed culture and capture fisheries in Indonesia
Authors: Najamuddin  , Hajar M A I , Rustam  , Palo M , Asni A
Published: September 2020

Seaweed development has had positive impacts on surrounding environments and fisheries resources, even using traditional technologies. The integration of aquaculture and capture fisheries will have a multiplier effect on fish farmer income as well as supporting the development of the aquaculture sector. This research aimed to optimize the utilization of fisheries resources around seaweed culture areas. Two case studies were conducted at Libukang Island, Jeneponto District, South Sulawesi, and at Sarudu village, North Mamuju District, West Sulawesi. Resource use in seaweed culture areas was optimized through the design, construction, and implementation of improved fishing gears: gill nets, bamboo traps, and fyke nets. The study results show that integrating seaweed culture and capture fisheries using these gears can increase fishermen’s incomes. The level of additional income depends on fishing intensity. In addition, seaweed culture productivity should be improved through integration with fish cage culture. The cultured fish expel waste to the environment (feed, feces, and urine) that can provide nutrients to the seaweed. The sustainability of fishing depends so much on the sustainability of seaweed culture were used as a fish aggregating device.
The impact of organic waste contamination on the macrozoobenthos community and its potential as a bioindicator in Labuange Bay waters, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Paena Mudian , Syamsuddin Rajuddin , Rani Chair , Tandipayuk Haryati
Published: September 2020

Superintensive shrimp farming (Litopeneus vannamei) has been developed since 2012 in Barru district, South Sulawesi. Organic waste from uneaten shrimp feed has been discarded into Labuange waters during superintensive farming development. Accumulated organic waste in the sediment of Labuange sediment has an impact on the presence of macrozoobenthos. The study aims to analyze the structure of the macrozoobenthos community and its potential as a bioindicator of organic waste pollution in Labuange waters, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi. The study was conducted using a survey method. A sampling of Labuange sediment for macrozoobenthos analysis was carried out at six stations with six replications, respectively. The type of identified macrozoobenthos was then analyzed by CCA (Canonical Correlation Analysis) using PAST (Paleontological Statistics) software to calculate the strength of the relationship between the characteristics of the sediment and the macrozoobenthos indicator. Species and abundance of macrozoobenthos were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find out the differences of species and abundance of macrozoobenthos in each station. The results showed differences in macrozoobenthos abundance in each station, and found ten types of macrozoobenthos which had potential as an organic waste bioindicator, whose presence was directly related to the characteristics of sediments, in the form of organic carbon, organic matter, phosphate, pHf, redox potential and N-total namely Nassarius absconditus, Tenagodus sp., Nassarius sp., Tellina radiata, Tellina sp., Pinna sp., Vexillum sp., Arenicola sp., Cerithium sp., and Cerithium salebrosum. Based on the macrozoobenthos diversity index, heavy pollution was occurred at stations 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6, while station 2 was in moderate pollution.
Potency of mangrove Rhizophora mucronata as bactericide for vibrio causing tiger shrimp disease
Authors: Nurhidayah  , Muliani  , Atmomarsono Muharijadi
Published: September 2020

Tiger shrimp diseases have been occurred in Indonesian brackishwater ponds for two decades and considered as one of the factors causing mass mortality of the cultured shrimp and making big loss for the farmers. Vibrio harveyi is considered as the main causative agent of this disease. The natural substance is proposed to kill or inhibit the growth of pathogenic vibrios. In order to know the potency of mangrove Rhizophora mucronata as a bactericide for V. harveyi, research had been conducted at the Research Institute for Coastal Aquaculture (BPPBAP) from February to May 2013. This research consists of several steps, i.e. 1) collection of plant; 2) drying of the plant; 3) making powder of plant; 4) extraction of plant/herb; 5) qualitative bioassay; and 6) quantitative bioassay. The results showed that qualitatively all part of the R. mucronata collected from Bone regency had activity against V. harveyi, but the leaf part of this mangrove collected from Maros regency did not have this activity, and neither the leaf or bark part of this mangrove collected from Pangkep regency. The values of Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) on V. harveyi were ranged between 1-10.000 mg/L depending on which part of the plant and the origin of the mangrove. The root part of the plant had higher activity against V. harveyi than other parts of the plant. Rhizophora mucronata collected from Bone regency had the highest activity against V. harveyi than that collected from Maros and Pangkep regencies.
Microplastic assessment in Seagrass ecosystem at Kodingareng Lompo Island of Makassar City
Authors: Tahir A , Soeprapto D A , Sari K , Wicaksono E A , Werorilangi S
Published: September 2020

Microplastic pollution is so widespread and rising a great concern all over the globe. The seagrass ecosystem is commonly known to play significant roles in biodiversity support. The occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in sediments, surface water, fish, and benthos collected from the seagrass ecosystem at Kodingareng Lompo island of Makassar City were observed. From 29 sediment samples collected the range of MPs abundance was 2.96-28.3 item.kg−1 dried sediment. Meanwhile, MPs abundance in surface water was 0.023 item.m−3, exceptionally lower compared to the sediment value. Of 4 fish species observed, Siganus canaliculatus was the species with the highest number of ingested MPs. On the other hand, sea urchin Tripneustes gratilla ingested more MPs compared to other benthos species. There was no consistent MPs abundance in sediments found at present studies. Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences seen on MPs abundance within all components examined using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis analysis. However, the presence of MPs in all components observed has clearly shown a wide dispersion of MPs contamination in the marine food web, as seagrass is a well-known productive ecosystem with high marine biodiversity assemblage in the tropical region.
Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu and Cr) accumulation on different shell size of Polymesoda sp from Estuary Waters of Parepare Bay
Authors: Samawi M F , Gosalam S , Werorilangi S , Hatta M , Isyanita  , Saputra A
Published: September 2020

This study revealed the differences in the concentration of heavy metals Pb, Cd Cu, and Cr accumulated in a different-sized group of Polymesoda sp shells originating from the waters of Parepare City. Shellfish were divided into three size groups, namely Small (23-41 mm); medium (42-59 mm), and large (59-77 mm). Heavy metal concentrations in shell, water and sediment samples were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometers (AAS). The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in waters and sediments had the same pattern, Cu> Pb> Cd> Cr. Heavy metals, Pb and Cu, had the highest accumulation in the large-sized shells, while Cd was in the medium-sized shells. Cr, however, showed the lowest accumulation in all size groups. This situation shows that Polymesoda sp shells originating from the waters of Parepare Bay are still suitable for consumption.
Aquatic invasive species distribution within Wallace region: a preliminary review
Authors: Yanuarita D , Inaku D F , Nurdin N , Rahim S W , Kudsiah H , Parawansa B S , Rukminasari N , Irmawati  , Moka W
Published: September 2020

The introduction of many aquatic species into new habitats have been recorded to be invasive and later threatened the native species present in that habitat. The unique biogeography of the Wallace region, particularly Sulawesi Island characterized by having high endemic fauna. Several lakes in Sulawesi have experienced the population reduction of endemic species due to introduced species that become invasive. This paper intended to review the aquatic invasive species and their distribution in the Wallace region. The literature review revealed the number of invasive species introduced in the Wallace region varies from 1 species to 12 species, the highest found in Lake Tondano. This preliminary review record that Malili lakes are most researched, both for endemic species and invasive species, based on the number of publications found through an internet search, with publications on endemic species, are more than invasive species. Among 13 lakes in Sulawesi, 4 lakes, namely Lake Moat, Sidendreng, Wawanloa, and Masapi, have no record on aquatic invasive species. A similar situation also happens in Maluku. The information on the mode and reason for fish introduction into Appo Swamp in West Sulawesi and watershed in Manggarai Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, is still lacking. All in all, the conclusive cause and effect of introduced species that become invasive on the endemic species in the region is need to be prove or unproven based on scientific data. At this time, the literature review has not been able to find documentation on marine invasive species in the Wallace region. As for invasive species management, prevention is better than eradication.