bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kanony kościelne w sporze między Wschodem a Zachodem na tle schizmy antiocheńskiej w IV wieku
Authors: Bralewski Sławomir
Published: October 2023

Les évêques de l’Occident et ceux de l’Orient se sont divisés essentiellement sur le schisme survenu dans l’Eglise d’Antioche au IV éme siècle. Or ils se sont prononcés en faveur des lideurs des camps opposés qui aspiraient au trône de l’évêque à Antioche. Us basaient leur opinion en recourant à la loi ecclésiastique. L’Occident désapprouvait Mélèce d’avoir transgressé les canons défendant à l’évèque d’échanger une Église contre une autre. En effet, ledit Mélèce avait déjà été l’évèque de la ville de Bérée syrienne. Par contre, l’Orient démontrait à Paulin d’Antioche, soutenu, lui, des évêques occidentaux que son élection et son sacre s’étaient accomplis à rencontre des règles ecclesiastiques exigeant la participation et te consentement des évêques des éparchies voisines. De pareilles remontrances étaient avancées sous l’adresse d’Evagre, son successeur. Il est donc difficile de ne pas croire que les deux parties traitaient la loi d’une façon sélective, en respectant certains canons, tout en rejettant ceux qui leur étaient incommodes. Serait-ce à dire qu’elles se servaient de cette loi d’une manière instrumentale?
L’examen des sources nous autorise à refuser ce type des suggestions. Au cas du droit défendant à l’évêque de changer de siège, les évêques occidentaux soutenaient le respect de la lettre, tandis que ceux de l’Orient cherchaient à en sauvegarder l’esprit. Cette loi avait été stipulée pour venir à rencontre des ambitions excessives du clergé se transférant arbitrairement d’une Église à l’autre. C'est pourquoi, pour les autorités épiscopales de l’Orient il importait la cause réelle du transfert, ce qui se rapportait à l’examen de chacun des cas particuliers. Par contre, à l’Occident, on traitait la défense de la substitution d’un évêché par un autre, comme principe sans exclusion aucune, dans l’esprit de l’ancienne devise romaine: dura lex sed lex.
Il faut néanmoins constater que l’évêque de la ville de Rome, dans les deux cas bien précis, privilégiait les autres principes à la loi ecclésiastique. Pour le premier de ces cas, il s’agirait de choisir un évêque orthodoxe sur un territoire - à ce qu’il croyait - dominé par des héterodoxes, et par là, de la défense de l’orthodoxie. Dans l’autre cas, il serait question d’une appréhension de voir s’affaiblir la position de l’évêque de la ville de Rome dans l’Église catholique.
Dorosłe dzieci więźniów. Analiza doświadczeń biograficznych
Authors: Cieślikowska-Ryczko Angelika
Published: October 2023

W monografii zatytułowanej "Dorosłe dzieci więźniów. Analiza doświadczeń biograficznych" podjęto problematykę kryzysu penitencjarnego rodzin. Na podstawie rekonstrukcji biografii osób dorosłych, które doświadczyły uwięzienia rodzica, scharakteryzowano różne strategie odbudowy relacji rodzinnych, a także trudności i niepowodzenia związane z przerwaniem oraz utratą więzi. Przyjmując, że inkarceracja rodzica rzutuje na różne sfery funkcjonowania dorosłych dzieci więźniów skoncentrowano się na procesualnym i wielowymiarowym charakterze tego wydarzenia w życiu narratorów. Głównym celem pracy było rozpoznanie i scharakteryzowanie znaczenia izolacji penitencjarnej rodzica w do-świadczeniach życiowych osób badanych. Do realizacji celu wykorzystano potencjał ba-dań biograficznych, a w szczególności założenia socjologii biografistycznej Fritza Schützego. Na drodze gromadzenia i analizowania danych empirycznych posłużono się metodą autobiograficznego wywiadu narracyjnego. W rezultacie monografia składa się z czterech zasadniczych części: (1) przeglądu literatury przedmiotu na temat sytuacji, miejsca i roli rodzin więźniów w procesie izolacji penitencjarnej; (2) opracowania teoretyczno-metodologicznego zorientowanego na interakcyjnej perspektywie badawczej; (3) analizie wyników badań własnych ujmujących rekonstrukcję biografii narratorów oraz (4) poszerzonego komentarza na temat analizy struktur lingwistycznych.
Current Status of Breeding Population of Western Osprey in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirate
Authors:   Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi, Ahmed S. , Javed S. ,   Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi, Khan S.B. ,   Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi, Al Qadi N. ,   Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi, Al Hamadi A. ,   Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi, Al Hamadi E. ,   Environment Agency – Abu Dhabi
Published: October 2023

Western Osprey (Pandion haliaetus) is a resident breeding species in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). Osprey breed from December to March on offshore and nearshore islands and coastal sites across the country. Approximately 90% of the breeding population is found in Abu Dhabi Emirate, making it a critical area for conservation efforts. Due to its significance, Western Osprey has been listed as an Endangered (EN) species in the Abu Dhabi Redlist of Species. In 2023, an Emiratewide comprehensive survey was conducted, covering all coastal sites, as well as nearshore and offshore islands in Abu Dhabi. This was the first such comprehensive census of breeding Ospreys in Abu Dhabi. Data were collected using a customized mobile application with a focus on geo-referencing and photographing all nest structures. Of a total of 339 located nests across more than 60 coastal and island territories, 127 were active. Moreover, 44% (n=148) of all nests were observed on artificial platforms intentionally installed at different breeding territories to support nesting. Whereas 39% (n=133) were built naturally on ground and 17% (n=58) were observed on abandoned high-rise structures. The breeding population of osprey in the UAE is estimated to be 110 breeding pairs. The study established that current breeding population of Ospreys in Abu Dhabi Emirate stands at 127 breeding pairs. This stable breeding population of Osprey indicates the overall well-being of UAE’s coastal and marine environments. The Abu Dhabi Environmental Agency continues to monitor and enforce conservation measures to ensure the protection of this regionally important species and its habitats.
Some Aspects of Eagle Nesting in the State National Natural Park “Buiratau”, Kazakhstan
Authors:   Biodiversity Research and Conservation Center Community Trust, Sagaliev N.A. ,   Republican state institution “State National Natural Park ‘Buiratau’”
Published: October 2023

Republican state institution “State National Park “Buiratau” (hereinafter referred as SNNP “Buiratau”) was created on March 11, 2011, in Ereymentau district of the Akmola region and the Osakarovsky district of the Karaganda region. Based on the analysis of literary sources and our observations, it can be assumed that about 227 bird species from 18 orders, including 19 species from the bids of prey (Minakov et al., 2019) can be encountered here. Since the Park formation, we began to mark raptor nests on its territory. Since 2022, together with the Biodiversity Research and Conservation Center (BRCC), we have been monitoring nest occupancy for three eagle species known to us: Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis). 31 eagle nests are known on the territory of Buiratau State National Park and its protective zone, of them 14 belonging to Eastern Imperial Eagle, 8 – to Golden Eagle, and 9 – to Steppe Eagle. For the period of 2022–2023, the number of identified inhabited nests (belonging to nesting pairs, used for nesting in a given year) changed slightly. For Eastern Imperial Eagle, it increased from 6 to 7, for Golden Eagle it increased from 1 to 3, for Steppe Eagle it remained the same, 3 breeding pairs. Encounters were recorded during eagle nests monitoring, indicating unusual, in our opinion, timelines of nesting for Golden Eagle and Eastern Imperial Eagle. For example, on May 26, 2023, we discovered a clutch of three Golden Eagle eggs in a nest on a cliff face on a 6 m high rock. The number of eggs in a clutch indicated that it was not a repeated one. Literary sources indicate that in Northern and Central Kazakhstan Golden Eagle starts laying eggs in the early April (Bragin, 1987). According to A.I. Marakshin, Golden Eagle nest with one egg was found near Zerenda on April 24 (Korelov, 1962). Thus, the Golden Eagle nest with a clutch located on May 26, 2023, can be considered late. It is unknown what could have caused the delay in the onset of reproduction of this Golden Eagle pair. On June 1 of the same year, one month old nestlings were observed in another Golden Eagle nest built on a birch tree.
Monitoring of Large Raptors Using a Smart System in the South of Kostanay Region, Kazakhstan
Authors:   Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan, Timoshenko A.Yu. , Putilin A.V. ,   Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan, Salemgareev R.R. ,   Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan, Timoshenko G.Yu. ,   Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan, Batyrkhanuly K. ,   Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan
Published: October 2023

There are many effective tools for collecting data on wildlife in world practise, and the SMART system is one of them. It allows us to gather and analyze information. SMART is used in more than 500 protected areas in 48 countries (implemented at the state level in a number of countries). The SMART method is based on the use of mobile application and a computer program; data is collected during field research and by SMART specialist during cameral processing. A smartphone with the SMART mobile app replaces paper forms and GPS navigator. Since 2017, the system has been introduced for wildlife service in “Altybai” and “Saga” hunting services, which are assigned to the Association for the Conservation of Biodiversity of Kazakhstan (ACBK) and are located in the south of the Kostanay region. When raptor is encountered, employees record the following data in the SMART mobile application: species, gender, number, while the smartphone automatically records the track and GPS location, date, and time. It is possible to take photographs that can be linked to a specific observation and coordinated. In addition, the application has a “nest card” section developed by ASBK, which allows to record information about nests and their contents throughout the nesting cycle. Having analyzed the data on encounters (number of registrations) of the most common large raptor species collected over the past five years, such as: Rough-Legged Buzzard (Buteo lagopus), Long-Legged Buzzard (Buteo rufinus), Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis), Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca), Golden Eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), White-Tailed Sea-Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla), Cinereous Vulture (Aegipius monachus), and Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus), we can note that the peak number of observations occurred in 2021, when a decline was observed for most of the listed species, except for the Steppe Eagle and Long-Legged Buzzard. Thus, the SMART system contains good tools for recording observations, with the ability to customize for specific purposes, allows you to prepare reports with maps, tables, and graphs, store a large amount of data, and makes it possible to evaluate the group dynamics and trends for certain species by year.
Antipoisoning activities in Bulgaria to enforce raptors conservation in the country
Authors:   Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds / BirdLife Bulgaria, Dobrev D.D. , Terziev V.G. ,   Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds / BirdLife Bulgaria, Dobrev V.D. ,   Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds / BirdLife Bulgaria, Arkumarev V.S. ,   Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds / BirdLife Bulgaria, Stamenov A. ,   Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds / BirdLife Bulgaria
Published: October 2023

The first antipoisoning dog unit in Bulgaria was founded in 2016. The dog unit operated more than 4 years (October 2016 – December 2020) in the frame of the Conservation of Black and Griffon Vultures in the cross border Rhodope Mountains (LIFE 14 NAT/NL/901) project. During that time, 153 searches and patrols were conducted. The majority of the patrols were executed in the Eastern Rhodopes (80%), which is the core area of the vulture populations in Bulgaria. The total number of all findings is 310, with 40 of them being illegally poisoned animals, 7 were animal remains, and 10 were poisoned baits. The average number of victims found per poisoning incident is 2.86±3.5. The anti-poisoning dog unit found 11 poisoned animal species. Vultures comprised 17.5% (n=7) of all victims found. In all these cases vultures were unintentional victims as the main cause of poison use were human-predator and human-human conflicts. Wolves and domestic dogs were the most common victims comprising 22.5% and 20% respectively of all poisoned animals found. Carbofuran and Methomyl were identified as the main poison substances used in the investigated cases. Along with the dog unit operation, a development of a National action plan to combat the illegal use of poisons in the wild (hereafter NAP) was initiated with national authorities and NGOs (Ministry of Environment and Waters, Bulgarian Food Safety Agency, Executive Forestry Agency, National Police, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, other NGOs). In 2021, after intensive communication with the Ministry of Environment and waters, the plan was finally endorsed by the Minister. Local Network of Stakeholders against Wildlife Poisoning in Bulgaria was created in the last two years (2021–2022) in Bulgaria. It includes 55 livestock breeders, farmers, hunters, veterinarians, and mayors of villages.
Technical Issue With the Logger or is the Bird Dead – What Information About Mortality Rate Can GPS/GSM Dataloggers Deliver?
Authors:   Aquila, Bartoszuk K.
Published: October 2023

Delivering information on bird movement is the main reason for utilization of dataloggers in research. It was, however, very soon discovered, that information regarding mortality factors can sometimes be of higher conservation value. Since 2011, the “Aquila” company is offering GPS/GSM dataloggers. Today an attempt is made to measure the efficiency of Aquila dataloggers in delivering solid data regarding bird mortality rate. Analysed were 111 devices used in Eastern Europe and Asia within 7 scientific projects from 2017 to 2021. The results show that over 67% of the devices are either still operational or were collected providing evidence of the bird mortality problems. Of the remaining 33%, further probable mortality issues could be withdrawn from the delivered data, despite lacking clear evidence, for half of the cases. In total, fate of 18% of the tagged birds remains unknown.
Studying the Nesting Biology of Golden Eagles by Use of Trap Cameras
Authors:   Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds / Birdlife Bulgaria, Angelov I.D.
Published: October 2023

Trap camera was installed in an active nest of Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) in Eastern Rhodopes, Bulgaria. The recordings encompassed 45 days in June and July and the camera took 12 900 photos, from the time when the single nestling was ca. 32 days old until its fledging. 84 food deliveries were recorded, with the prey identified in 76 of them. Land tortoises dominated the diet (65% of the items), followed by Edible Dormouse (Glis glis) (10.5%), snakes (7.9%), and European Hare (Lepus europaeus) (5.2%). The two adults were easily individually identifiable by plumage characteristics, especially on the medium coverts. We recorded unexpectedly high intensity of adding the green material to the nest and cleaning the nest from prey remains, 105 and 35 cases respectively, both done almost exclusively by the female, while the male delivered most of the food – 60 vs 21 of the cases. The female was roosting in the nest with the nestling until when it was 50 days old, after which roosted in the nest only once during a rainy night when nestling was 58 days old. The method provided opportunity for following the lifetime reproductive success of unmarked Golden Eagles.
First steps of steppe eagle conservation in central Kostanay oblast using artificial nests (Republic of Kazakhstan)
Authors:   Naurzum State Nature Reserve, Batryakov R.R.
Published: October 2023

The Steppe Eagle (Aquila nipalensis) nests across a great swath of Kostanay Oblast. The greatest number and density of nesting pairs is concentrated in to the south. Northernmost nesting points are located in Kamysty, Auliekol and Naurzum districts, located centrally in the oblast. In July 2023 Naurzum Community Environmental Organization initiated a project jointly with Naurzum State Nature Reserve and with the financial support of the Global Greengrants Fund to install nesting platforms for Steppe Eagles. The project area covers the districts of Nauru and southern Auliekol. Naurzum State Nature Reserve is also located here and has great importance for biodiversity conservation in the region. There are 10–12 Steppe Eagle nesting sites located directly within the reserve and its buffer zone, and another 8–10 sites on adjacent territories. Among the threats facing Steppe Eagles, fire is the biggest issue, often burning large areas. Another challenge is periodic decline in food supply, generally resulting from mainly epizootic disease in the Little Ground Squirrel (Spermophilus pygmaeus). To a lesser extent, the Destruction of nests by predators and domestic animals, as well as bird-hazardous power lines also have negative impacts, albeit to lesser extents. 34 nesting platforms will be installed in the reserve’s buffer zone and adjacent areas as part of the project. Installation sites include both active nesting sites for birds and prospective areas to attract new pairs.
Human activities can hinder the breeding of a top avian predator: preliminary results
Authors:   Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds / BirdLife Bulgaria, Dobrev D.D. , Dobrev V.D. ,   Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds / BirdLife Bulgaria, Demerdzhiev D.A. ,   Bulgarian Society for the Protection of Birds / BirdLife Bulgaria
Published: October 2023

The Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca, EIE) is a large-sized, globally threatened species with a wide distribution. The species is extremely vulnerable and sensitive to human disturbance and activities in the vicinity of its nests. We analyzed the effect of human disturbance on two territories of Eastern Imperial Eagles from Bulgaria in 2008–2009. We recorded 375 cases of different types of human activity in the vicinity of the two surveyed nests – 60 cases for nest A and 315 for nest B. The most common activity around the studied nests was the passing of light motor vehicles (n=100 cases). Our results highlight that the probability of EIE’s reaction is dependent on the type of activity, distance from the nest and the duration of the activity. However, eagles’ reaction is independent from the number of intruders. We found that with the decrease of the distance to the nest, the reaction progresses and is more acute. We found statistical differences between the distance belts and the majority of alert and flight reactions that were recorded at distances up to 300 m from the nests. We reported that humans walking around nests (mainly hunters, fishermen, tourists, people illegally extracting sand in the close vicinity of the nests) result in a large number of reactions of flight off by the eagles, thus leaving the nest unattended. More research on a large scale on this topic is needed, including more accurate measures to address human disturbance in EIE territories. The findings will be applied to ensure higher breeding rates and species conservation.
Study of Breeding and Migrations of the Golden Eagle in Mongolia
Authors:   National University of Mongolia, Dulmaa K. ,   Wildlife science and conservation center of Mongolia
Published: October 2023

Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) play a crucial role in the ecosystems of the Bayan-Ulgii province and its neighboring regions. Our research focuses on the comprehensive survey of Golden Eagle nests and study of their migration patterns via the satellite tracking, providing valuable insights into population dynamics and migratory behaviors. In the years 2021 and 2022, we accomplished an extensive search for Golden Eagle eyries across 13 diverse counties in Bayan-Ulgii province, including Altai, Altantsugts, Bayannuur, Bayan-Ulgii, Bugat, Deluun, Erdeneburen, Nogoonnuur, Sagsai, Tolbo, Tsagaannuur, Tsengel, and Ulaankhus. This collaborative effort in partnership with local communities and herders allowed us to identify and document a total of 75 Golden Eagle nests, with 49 being active during this two-year period. To deepen our understanding of these majestic birds, a satellite tracking program was started in September 2019 during the Ulaankhus Eagle Festival. Through GPS tagging, we monitored the migration of five Golden Eagles, previously used in Kazakh falconry and subsequently released. This tracking initiative provided us with valuable data on their movements and behaviors, shedding light on their survival challenges and migration routes. Our research not only contributes to the conservation efforts of Golden Eagles but also enhances our understanding of the interconnectedness of various raptor species within the region, including Bearded Vultures (Gypaetus barbatus), Cinereous Vultures (Aegypius monachus), Black Kites (Milvus migrans), Steppe Eagles (Aquila nipalensis), Peregrine Falcons (Falco peregrinus), and Saker Falcons (Falco cherrug). The study of these species in their natural habitats enriches our understanding of the intricate ecological dynamics at play. By sharing our findings, we aim to foster a deeper appreciation for these iconic birds and promote their conservation in the Bayan-Ulgii province and beyond. Our presentation will highlight the results of our Golden Eagle nest survey and tracking, emphasizing the importance of community involvement in wildlife research and conservation.
Status of Imperial Eagle in Iran
Authors:   Conservation & Management of Wildlife General Directorate, Tabari M.A.
Published: October 2023

Distribution and abundance of the Eastern Imperial Eagle (Aquila heliaca) in Iran: a scarce breeding bird in Caspian forests of central and eastern Alborz, and in the east of northern Khorasan. A widespread winter visitor in rather small numbers to Caspian lowlands and large wetlands in central Iran south to Khuzestan, the Persian Gulf coast, and southern Baluchestan. Also seen as a passage migrant in Iranian Azerbaijan. Conservation status: Globally has been listed as vulnerable (VU) in IUCN Red List and listed in CITES Appendix I. Also concerned as endangered species in Iran and is of conservation value.
Retrofitting to Last – Selecting Optimal Wildlife Protection Products
Authors:   EDM International, Inc., Harness R.E. , Eccleston D. ,   EDM International, Inc.
Published: October 2023

Many power pylons in raptor habitat pose high electrocution risk to raptors, which can be mitigated with insulation products. Retrofitting may require a service outage and can be expensive; labor costs are often far greater than materials. Because concrete, steel and, wood pylons often last for 50 years or more, utilities that select high quality raptor mitigation products receive much greater yield on their investment. To maximize mitigation success, utility engineers should consider specific environmental stresses that may affect product longevity and effectiveness in their service area. IEEE 1656–2010 – IEEE Guide (DOI: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2011.5722090)40 for Testing the Electrical, Mechanical, and Durability Performance of Wildlife Protective Devices on Overhead Power Distribution Systems Rated up to 38 kV recommends a sequence of test procedures designed to ensure that products will not compromise system performance and that products will be effective and durable despite long-term exposure to UV, high winds, and/or salt fog. A growing number of vendors have performed IEEE 1656 testing, which facilitates direct comparison between competing products; however, test reports must be carefully reviewed because not all vendors have strictly followed IEEE guidance. Field implementation is a key determinant of project success, therefore linemen should have an opportunity to test candidate products in real-world situations and assess whether they are easy to install within utility safety and work practices and are compatible with the system. The goal of wildlife mitigation product selection is to identify an optimal suite of products that will: a) minimize the possibility of an animal electrocution or related outage; b) provide a long service life; and c) be readily adopted by field staff.
Golden Eagles in the United States of America: Threats and the Federal Response to Potential Impacts from Renewable-Energy Development
Authors:   U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center, Shaffer J.A.
Published: October 2023

Golden Eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) have a Holarctic distribution. The subspecies A. ch. сanadensis inhabits North America, where it encounters the same anthropogenic threats as other eagle species worldwide, including electrocution on powerlines, shooting, collisions with vehicles, and poisoning by lead and rodenticides. A more recent threat is mortality from collisions with wind turbine blades. For the 11 States that are west of the 100th meridian and that represent most of the species’ year-round range within the coterminous United States of America (USA), over 600 individuals per year die from collisions with vehicles, wind-turbine blades, electrical power lines, and trains. Federal laws, policies, and guidelines aim to protect the Golden Eagle from the increasing threat of turbine mortality. Two Federal laws–the Migratory Bird Treaty Act and the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act–will be reviewed. The term “take”, which is defined as “pursue, shoot, shoot at, poison, wound, kill, capture, trap, collect, molest, or disturb” individual eagles, their parts, nests, or eggs will be further discussed. Within the U.S. Department of the Interior, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Agency issues guidelines and regulations aimed to protect Golden Eagles from “take” and to set thresholds for that “take.” Guidelines and policies particularly relevant to wind-energy development include the Land-Based Wind Energy Guidelines, the Eagle Conservation Plan, and the Mitigation Policy. Each of these guidelines and policies will be explained. Federal mitigation policy has a 3-tiered strategy summarized as “Avoid–Minimize–Mitigate.” Practices that exemplify each tier of the “Avoid–Minimize–Mitigate” strategy will be examined, including such practices as avoiding sites deemed of highest risk to cause harm, minimizing harm by such activities as turbine curtailment, and mitigating unavoidable “take” by engaging in mitigation banking. Currently, the only compensatory mitigation practice authorized by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is the retrofitting of power poles. Thus, the Bald Eagle and Golden Eagle Electrocution Prevention In-lieu Fee Program, which retrofits power poles deemed of high-risk in causing electrocution of eagles, will be discussed. Other mitigation options worthy of consideration for future authorization also will be described.
Pre-construction Risk Assessment and Post Construction On-site Surveys and Mitigation for Bird-Wind Turbine Interactions
Authors:   U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, Katzner T.E.
Published: October 2023

Pre-construction risk assessment and postconstruction on-site surveys and mitigation are important components of understanding and addressing wildlife interactions with wind facilities. This presentation will cover all of these topics in detail. Pre-construction risk assessment can be a 3-phase process. Phase 1 involves preliminary site assessment, often done remotely, and is based especially on literature review. If this review suggests at-risk species may be present, then phase 2 involves verification of their presence at the site and assessment of site-specific features (topography, land cover) that may influence risk from turbines. Finally, phase 3 should involve quantitative studies to count numbers and assess potential risk. Additional surveys similar to those conducted postconstruction are also important. Post-construction surveys are typically focused on counting numbers of individuals and, more recently, estimating population-level consequences of fatalities. Counting fatalities requires surveys at and around individual wind turbines. Critical to this effort is defining the search area correctly (a small bird can fall far from turbines), accurate species identification establishing useful search intervals that vary with the size of the target species, and estimating rates of both searcher efficiency and scavenger removal. Best practices call for standardizing survey methodology across facilities to facilitate comparison and to making data public. Estimating population-level consequences of fatalities requires identifying the population of origin of affected animals, estimation of the size of the population in those origin areas, and building demographic models to estimate populationlevel consequences. Mitigation also typically follows a threestep hierarchy, with (1) avoidance; (2) minimization; and (3) compensation. Avoidance of collision is typically achieved with either macro- or micro-siting, typically underpinned by risk modeling or expert opinion. Minimization of numbers of collisions can be accomplished by detection and deterrence or operational or responsive curtailment. Compensation involves replacement of animals killed and can be achieved by habitat improvement, food supplementation, or reduction of other threats to a species. Effective replacement requires identifying the population of origin of affected animals and the factors limiting that population.
The diet of the White-Tailed Sea Eagle in South Moravia, Czech Republic
Authors:   Czech Society for Ornithology, Horal D. ,   Nature Conservation Agency of the Czech Republic, Beran V. ,   ALKA Wildlife
Published: October 2023

White-Tailed Sea Eagle (Haliaeetus albicilla) re-settled the area of South Moravia (the south-eastern region of Czech Republic) in 1984. It became a regular breeding species in 2004 and since then, the population rose up to present ca 30 breeding pairs. Its diet was studied by identification of food remains on nests, mainly during ringing of nestlings (i.e. usually late April / first half of May). 605 food items were identified during 97 nest checks within the period of 1999–2023. Fish composed 47%, birds 28% and mammals 25% of the identified items. The most numerous taxa were European Hare (Lepus europaeus) – 151 inds, Carp (Cyprinus carpio) – 87, Silver Crucian Carp (Carassius auratus) – 61, Common Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) – 54, Northern Pike (Esox lucius) – 50, and Eurasian Coot (Fulica atra) – 33. The number of food items per nest varied between 1 and 28. The interesting findings included e.g. Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna), Stock Dove (Columba oenas), Tawny Owl (Strix aluco), or Long-Eared Owl (Asio otus).
What happens to Saker Falcon in Chinese Altai?
Authors:   Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, MaMing R.
Published: October 2023

In China, the protection level of Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) has been upgraded from National Level II to National Level I in 2021. Why is this happening? We know there are some reasons for this. Firstly, there has been excessive capture over the past thirty years, including legal or illegal activities focusing on domestic and foreign markets, of course, most of which have been negotiated between governments. The most symbolic event was Qatar's support of 100 million Yuan to establish a Saker Falcon Breeding Center of Altay in 2014. Soon, the relevant departments issued orders and target tasks to capture young falcons in various counties in the Altay region. In addition to capturing a large number of migrating falcons for supply to Qatar and Saudi Arabia, other threats have also quickly emerged in northern Xinjiang. For example, largescale mining, including direct destruction of breeding habitats by open-pit coal mines and quarries, as well as the construction of hundreds of power stations locally for the so-called “from West to East Power Transmission” project. The results are almost complete loss of habitats, frequent electrocutions, collisions, and poisoning. Although relevant departments have also built artificial nests for falcons in other places, the results have been minimal and insufficient to compensate for rapid population loss.
Does the Release of Bonelli’s Eagles from Captive Breeding Nucleus Contribute to Population Rehabilitation?
Authors:   Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Biology and Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mayrose A.
Published: October 2023

During the late 1960s, the Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila fasciata) population in Israel was brought to the brink of extinction, due to a combination of factors. A rehabilitation program set in 2000 included few measures, among them the release of eaglets from a captive breeding nucleus, producing two to seven eaglets yearly. In recent years there is an apparent increase in the number of Bonelli’s Eagle pairs breeding in the wild, including the reoccupation of territories that were abandoned for many years. Yet, there is only little evidence for the recruitment of captive-born eagles into the wild population, and their contribution to its growth is unclear. These subjects are now being examined by a telemetry study, comparing dispersal patterns and survival rates of captive versus nature hatched eagles. The results from the first five years of study show significant differences between these two groups, with captive hatched eagles dispersing much farther away from their natal site compared to the dispersal of wild eagles. The different dispersal patterns may be the reason for the lower survival rates exhibited by the captive hatched eagles, as many of them wander to neighboring countries where they are subjected to shooting and trapping. Moreover, these birds also have a higher tendency to being electrocuted on power lines. Genetic analysis and alteration of the releasing methods are being used in order to check whether the different movement and behavior attributes of the captive-hatched eagles are linked to genetic properties or behaviorally mechanisms during their growth.
Mission-Oriented Innovation Policy: E-Government Development Trajectory in Indonesia’s Bureaucratic Reform
Authors: Manjali Regina
Published: October 2023

The complex and evaluative nature of bureaucracy in Indonesia has posed significant challenges in its implementation. In response, the Indonesian government has prioritized the digitalization of government administration through the adoption of the e-government system. This paper investigates the trajectory of the e-government system in Indonesia, with a specific focus on Sistem Pemerintah Berbasis Elektronik (SPBE) as a pivotal element of the mission-oriented innovation policy. Through a thorough literature analysis, this study emphasizes the importance of embracing a mission-oriented strategy to effectively address governance issues and foster innovation. Additionally, it explores the roles of key actors involved in the policy process and examines the diverse factors that influence policy outcomes. The findings highlight the instrumental role of the maturity index in policy implementation and its impact on achieving policy objectives. Furthermore, this paper discusses the various challenges and opportunities arising in the context of e-government implementation in Indonesia.Keywords: Mission-Oriented, Innovation Policy, E-Government, Bureaucratic Reform
Pengaruh Penerapan Blended Learning Terhadap Peningkatan Minat Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Mata Pelajaran IPS
Authors: Nastiti Hesty Gellari
Published: October 2023

Indonesia has experienced two years of the Covid-19 pandemic, which has significantly impacted the educational system. As the country now transitions into an endemic phase, there is a shift from predominantly distance learning to a limited face-to-face format. This transition presents challenges for social studies teachers in delivering their curriculum, leading to the need for the implementation of blended learning. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of blended learning in increasing the interest of class VIII students at SMPN 3 Bandung in social studies. The research design utilizes a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample comprises 64 students from two classes: class VIII-3 as the experimental group and class VIII-1 as the control group. Data collection involved online questionnaires on learning interests via Google Forms and documentation. Subsequently, the collected data was analyzed using hypothesis testing in the SPSS version 20 application. The results of this study indicate that the use of blended learning in social studies had a significant impact on students' learning interests, with a significance value of 0.00, which is less than 0.05. Similarly, the control group, which employed conventional learning, also demonstrated a significant improvement in students' learning interest, with a significance value of 0.00. However, when comparing the learning interest between the experimental and control groups, there was no significant difference, as indicated by a significance value of 0.557, which is greater than 0.05.
Peran Notaris dalam Memberikan Penyuluhan Hukum untuk Memenuhi Asas Proporsionalitas dalam Akta Para Pihak
Authors: Yesi Fitra
Published: October 2023

Notaries have the authority to provide legal advice on the parties’ deeds or partij acta. However, it is not uncommon for the principle of proportionality to be unfulfilled in the deed to cause problems in the future, leading to the annulment of the deed by the court. This is the result of legal counseling that was not adopted by the parties. The formulation of the problem in this research is what is the role of the Notary in providing legal advices so that the principle of proportionality is fulfilled in making deeds of the parties, and what is the responsibility of the Notary whose deed does not satisfy the principle of proportionality and is thus annulled by the Court. This is a normative legal research carried out by using statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of the research and discussion show that the role of the Notary in providing legal counseling is only limited to the authority of the Notary and does not create obligations for the parties. As a result of this authority, the principle of proportionality will be difficult to fulfill even if the deed is made in authentic form and is a deed of the parties. The notary cannot be responsible for the annulment of the deed by the Court because the principle of proportionality is not fulfilled. As failure to meet the principle of proportionality is not part of the Notary’s responsibility which is regulated through statutory regulations. However, morally a Notary can fulfill the principle of proportionality through an authority, namely legal counseling
Akta Perikatan Hibah dan Akta Kuasa Hibah dalam Sistem Hukum Pertanahan di Indonesia
Authors: Prasetyo Gangsar
Published: October 2023

This research discusses how land law is regulated in Indonesia in regards to obligation deeds and power-granting deeds? and what is the validity of the transfer of land rights based on the obligation deed and power-granting deed? This is a normative juridical research using conceptual and statutory approaches that utilised secondary data which were then analyzed using a qualitative method, namely research procedures that produce descriptive data. The results of this research indicate that there is no article in a statutory regulation that specifically regulates the preparation of deeds of engagement and deeds of power of attorney. Therefore, the use of obligation deeds and power-granting deeds as support or bridge to the making of grant deeds by PPAT is permitted. The making of these two deeds is permitted as long as the process of making them complies with statutory regulations, including the Civil Code, UUJN, and UUJN Amendments. The validity of a transfer of land rights over a grant is influenced by whether or not the obligation deed or the power-granting deed is valid. Whether the obligation deed and power-granting deed are valid refers to ithe process of making them which must comply with Article 1320 of the Civil Code on the conditions for the validity of an agreement. This is because the obligation deed and power-granting deed can be categorized as agreements
Quantum-to-Classical Mechanical Coexistence: Wavefunction Decay Kinetics, Photon Entanglement, and Q-Bits
Authors: Chiarelli Piero
Published: October 2023

By utilizing a generalized version of the Madelung quantum-hydrodynamic framework that incorporates noise, we derive a solution using the path integral method to investigate how a quantum superposition of states evolves over time. This exploration seeks to comprehend the process through which a stable quantum state ultimately emerges in the presence of fluctuations induced by the noisy gravitational background. The model defines the conditions that give rise to a limited range of interaction for the quantum potential, allowing for the existence of coarse-grained classical descriptions at a macroscopic level. The theory uncovers the smallest attainable level of uncertainty in an open quantum system and examines its consistency with the localized behavior observed in large-scale classical systems. The research delves into connections and similarities with decoherence theory and the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. Additionally, it assesses the potential consequences of wave function decay on the measurement of photon entanglement. To validate the proposed theory, an experiment involving entangled photons transmitted between detectors on the Moon and Mars is discussed. Finally, the findings of the theory are applied to the creation of larger Q-bits systems at elevated temperatures.
Fatty Acid and Amino Acid Profile of 7 Edible Insects: Focus on Lipid Class Composition and Protein Conversion Factors
Authors: Perez-Santaescolastica Cristina , De Pril Ilse , Van de Voorde Ilse , Fraeye Ilse
Published: October 2023

This study is based on the fatty acid and amino acid profile of 7 edible insect species: Acheta domesticus, Alphitobius diaperinus, Blaptica dubia, Galleria mellonella, Locusta migratoria, Tenebrio molitor and Zophobas morio. The fatty acid distribution within lipid classes (neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids) was studied, while the amino acid profile was used to calculate the species-specific nitrogen-protein conversion factor (Kp). The profiles were used to evaluate the nutritional quality of the lipids and proteins. Oleic acid was the predominant fatty acid in all insects except for A. domesticus, in which a larger percentage of linoleic acid was found. The majority of the lipids were neutral lipids. L. migratoria showed a remarkably high content of α-linolenic acid in its phospholipid fraction, while T. molitor phospholipids were the only fraction in which a measurable amount of docosahexaenoic acid was found. Overall, in most insects, the phospholipid fraction had the highest polyunsaturated fatty acid content compared to the other classes, which may be protective in terms of autoxidative stability. Kp values in the range of 4.17 to 6.43 were obtained. Within the nutritional quality indices, all insects showed healthy fatty acid and high quality amino acid profiles.
The Role of Derivatives Use on Firms’ Capital Cost and Financial Stability: Evidence from South African Listed Non-financial Firms
Authors: Vengesai Edson
Published: October 2023

Derivatives products have become essential in portfolio diversification, price discovery and risk hedging. Derivatives are complex instruments; their role is twofold, risk management and speculation, and their actual Impact on the underlying assets’ behaviours are not well understood. Little is documented empirically on how these instruments’ two-edged roles influence firms’ financing decisions, firm risk exposures, and stability. Given the growing interest in using derivatives in risk management and portfolio engineering, this study examines the practical impact of derivatives usage on the underlying firm’s financing policy and stability. The paper uses data from South African listed non-financial firms for the period 2000 to 2019. The study employs a dynamic panel model estimated with System Generalised Methods of Moments (GMM). The initial analysis shows that derivatives use reduces the cost of capital and increases firm stability. However, further in-depth analysis provides evidence that extensive use of derivatives increases firms’ capital costs and negatively impacts financial stability. These findings imply that the risk embedded in derivatives’ speculation dominates their risk management function. The results are subjected to numerous controls for robustness, including financial leverage, firm size, cashflows and asset tangibility.
Second-Order Nonlinearity of Graphene Quantum Dots Measured by Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering
Authors: Neto Manoel Leonardo , Silva Renato , Boudebs Georges , De Araújo Cid B.
Published: October 2023

The first hyperpolarizability of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) suspended in water was determined using the hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) technique. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first application of the HRS technique to characterize GQDs. Two commercial GQDs (Acqua-Cyan and Acqua-Green) with different compositions were studied. The HRS experiments were performed with an excitation laser at 1064 nm. The measured hyperpolarizabilities were (1.0±0.1) × 10^(-27) esu and (0.9±0.1) × 10^(-27) esu for Acqua-Cyan and Acqua-Green, respectively. The results were used to estimate the hyperpolarizability per nanosheet obtained by assuming that each GQDs has five nanosheets with 0.3 nm thickness. The two-level model, used to calculate the static hyperpolarizability per nanosheet, provides the values of (2.4±0.1) × 10^(-28) esu (Acqua-Cyan) and (0.5±0.1) × 10^(-28) esu (Aqua-Green). The origin of the nonlinearity is discussed on the basis of polarized resolved HRS experiments, and an electric quadrupolar behavior with a strong dependence on surface effects is found. The nontoxic characteristics and order of magnitude indicate that these GQDs may be useful for biological microscopy imaging.
Numerical Simulation of a Valorisation-Oriented Hybrid Process for the Bio-Oil-Related Separation of Acetol and Acetic Acid
Authors: Chilev Chavdar Petrov , Lamari Farida , Langlois Patrick
Published: October 2023

Biomass as a whole offers a more diverse potential for valorisation than any other renew-able energy source. As one of the stages in the separation of bio-oil involves the liquid mixture of acetol and acetic acid, and as both components are particularly well suited for valorisation, a hybrid method has been developed for their separation with a high purity level through an approach combining liquid-liquid extraction and rectification. In order to design and simulate the flowsheet, the ChemCAD 7.0 simulation software has been used. Sensitive analyses have been carried out to investigate the influence of the different pa-rameters in the rectification columns such as the reflux ratio, the feed stage location, and the vapour/bottom molar flow ratio. The effect of different extractants and of their excess on the separation process as well as the possibility of regenerating the extractant has also been studied. Tri-n-octylamine has accordingly been selected as a separating agent which has been fully recycled. The end result for separating an initial 48/52 wt% ace-tol/acetic-acid liquid mixture has been acetol with a purity of 99.4 wt% and acetic acid with a purity of 100 wt%.