bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single Cell Transcriptome of Stress Vulnerability Network in mouse Prefrontal Cortex
Authors: Hing Benjamin , Mitchell Sara B. , Eberle Maureen , Filali Yassine , Hultman Ian , Matkovich Molly , Kasturirangan Mukundan , Wyche Whitney , Jimenez Alli , Velamuri Radha , Johnson Micah , Srivastava Sanvesh , Hultman Rainbo
Published: May 2023

Increased vulnerability to stress is a major risk factor for the manifestation of several mood disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Despite the status of MDD as a significant donor to global disability, the complex integration of genetic and environmental factors that contribute to the behavioral display of such disorders has made a thorough understanding of related etiology elusive. Recent developments suggest that a brain-wide network approach is needed, taking into account the complex interplay of cell types spanning multiple brain regions. Single cell RNA-sequencing technologies can provide transcriptomic profiling at the single-cell level across heterogenous samples. Furthermore, we have previously used local field potential oscillations and machine learning to identify an electrical brain network that is indicative of a predisposed vulnerability state. Thus, this study combined single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-Seq) with electrical brain network measures of the stress-vulnerable state, providing a unique opportunity to access the relationship between stress network activity and transcriptomic changes within individual cell types. We found especially high numbers of differentially expressed genes between animals with high and low stress vulnerability brain network activity in astrocytes and glutamatergic neurons but we estimated that vulnerability network activity depends most on GABAergic neurons. High vulnerability network activity included upregulation of microglia and mitochondrial and metabolic pathways, while lower vulnerability involved synaptic regulation. Genes that were differentially regulated with vulnerability network activity significantly overlapped with genes identified as having significant SNPs by human GWAS for depression. Taken together, these data provide the gene expression architecture of a previously uncharacterized stress vulnerability brain state, enabling new understanding and intervention of predisposition to stress susceptibility.
Label-free deep learning-based species classification of bacteria imaged by phase-contrast microscopy
Authors: Hallström Erik , Kandavalli Vinodh , Ranefall Petter , Elf Johan , Wählby Carolina
Published: May 2023

Reliable detection and classification of bacteria and other pathogens in the human body, animals, food, and water is crucial for improving and safeguarding public health. For instance, identifying the species and its antibiotic susceptibility is vital for effective bacterial infection treatment. Here we show that phase contrast time-lapse microscopy combined with deep learning is sufficient to discriminate four species of bacteria relevant to human health. The classification is performed on living bacteria and does not require fixation or staining, meaning that the bacterial species can be determined as the bacteria reproduce in a microfluidic device, enabling parallel determination of susceptibility to antibiotics. We assess the performance of convolutional neural networks and vision transformers, where the best model attained a class-average accuracy exceeding 98%. Our successful proof-of-principle results suggest that the methods should be challenged with data covering more species and clinically relevant isolates for future clinical use.

Author Summary

Bacterial infections are a leading cause of premature death worldwide, and growing antibiotic resistance is making treatment increasingly challenging. To effectively treat a patient with a bacterial infection, it is essential to quickly detect and identify the bacterial species and determine its susceptibility to different antibiotics. Prompt and effective treatment is crucial for the patient’s survival. Amicrofluidicdevice functions as a miniature “lab-on-chip” for manipulating and analyzing tiny amounts of fluids, such as blood or urine samples from patients. Microfluidic chips with chambers and channels have been designed for quickly testing bacterial susceptibility to different antibiotics by analyzing bacterial growth. Identifying bacterial species has previously relied on killing the bacteria and applying species-specific fluorescent probes. We introduce deep learning models as a fast and cost-effective method for identifying bacteria species directly from phase-contrast microscopy images of living bacteria simultaneously as growth is analyzed. We envision this method being employed concurrently with antibiotic susceptibility tests in future applications, significantly enhancing bacterial infection treatments.
New benchmarks in the modelling of X-ray atomic form factors
Authors: Thorkildsen Gunnar
Published: May 2023

Analytical representations of X-ray atomic form factor data have been determined. The original data, f
0(s;Z), are reproduced to a high degree of accuracy. The mean absolute errors calculated for all s = sin θ/λ and Z values in question are primarily determined by the precision of the published data. The inverse Mott–Bethe formula is the underlying basis with the electron scattering factor expressed by an expansion in Gaussian basis functions. The number of Gaussians depends upon the element and the data and is in the range 6–20. The refinement procedure, conducted to obtain the parameters of the models, is carried out for seven different form factor tables published in the span Cromer & Mann [(1968), Acta Cryst. A24, 321–324] to Olukayode et al. [(2023), Acta Cryst. A79, 59–79]. The s ranges are finite, the most common span being [0.0, 6.0] Å−1. Only one function for each element is needed to model the full range. This presentation to a large extent makes use of a detailed graphical account of the results.
Artificial intelligence to counteract “KPI overload” in business process monitoring: the case of anti-corruption in public organizations
Authors: Caruso Simone , Bruccoleri Manfredi , Pietrosi Astrid , Scaccianoce Antonio
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The nature and amount of data that public organizations have to monitor to counteract corruption lead to a phenomenon called “KPI overload”, consisting of the business analyst feeling overwhelmed by the amount of information and resulting in the absence of appropriate control. The purpose of this study is to develop a solution based on Artificial Intelligence technology to avoid data overloading and, at the same time, under-controlling in business process monitoring.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors adopted a design science research approach. The authors started by observing a specific problem in a real context (a healthcare organization); then conceptualized, designed and implemented a solution to the problem with the goal to develop knowledge that can be used to design solutions for similar problems. The proposed solution for business process monitoring integrates databases and self-service business intelligence for outlier detection and artificial intelligence for classification analysis.

Findings

The authors found the solution powerful to solve problems related to KPI overload in process monitoring. In the specific case study, the authors found that the combination of Business Intelligence and Artificial Intelligence can provide a significant contribution to the detection of fraud, corruption and/or policy misalignment in public organizations.

Originality/value

The authors provide a big-data-based solution to the problem of data overload in business process monitoring that does not sacrifice any monitored Key Performance Indicators and that also reduces the workload of the business analyst. The authors also developed and implemented this automated solution in a context where data sensitivity and privacy are critical issues.
Exploring the relationship between servant leadership and volunteer attitudes within a US Catholic diocese
Authors: Karickal Rojin , Richardson Katherine M.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between pastoral servant leadership and Church volunteer's perceptions of workplace spirituality, affective commitment, and organizational citizenship behavior in the context of the Catholic Church.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was administered to 200 volunteer staff in a Catholic diocese located in the Northeastern US. 123 participants responded, for a 61.5% response rate.

Findings

A significant positive relationship was found between volunteer staff perceptions of pastoral servant leadership and their workplace spirituality as well as affective commitment. No relationship was found between servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior.

Originality/value

This is one of the first studies to examine servant leadership within the US Catholic Church. Findings add value to the literature on servant leadership and its importance to volunteerism, and in particular the positive benefits of servant leadership for staff volunteers in a Church environment.
Exploring the relationship between the urbanization, higher education and female labor force with sustainable development
Authors: Apostu Simona Andreea , Panait Mirela , Gigauri Iza , Blessinger Patrick
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The article aims to identify the determinants of the urbanization process given the magnitude of this phenomenon and also its economic, social and environmental implications and pressure on public authorities to find viable solutions in the context of sustainable development.

Design/methodology/approach

The research is based on regression analysis with urbanization growth being the dependent variable and enrollment in higher education, GDP, value added by industry and female labor force as independent variables.

Findings

The main factors that favor urbanization are the increase in population, industry value-added and the female labor force. Urbanization is an objective that must be pursued differently by public authorities in developed and developing countries, given the different realities they face-population growth in developing countries, and population aging and international migration in developed countries.

Research limitations/implications

The present research has limitations generated by the selection of independent variables, which is why in future directions, the research will consider the use of other indicators such as the number of graduates, exports as percent of GDP or migrations as a percentage of the total population. Given the complexity of the phenomenon of urbanization, future research will focus on groups of countries as they resulted from the clustering made by this article.

Practical implications

The impact of higher education on urbanization is low, which is why the intensification of partnerships between municipal authorities and universities could be a solution that ensures not only the transfer of knowledge from academia to the public sector but also from entrepreneurs increasingly aware of the importance of promoting SDGs for urban development in the context of the challenges posed by global warming. The involvement of women in the labor market is essential for the intensification of the urbanization process. The increasing presence of women in the labor market generates an increase in the income of families, an increase in the level of education and an intensification of national and international migration. The research findings can be used by policy and decision-makers to develop appropriate urbanization and education policies and strategies.

Originality/value

The existence of inhomogeneous clusters is noticeable, which demonstrates the complexity of the urbanization phenomenon that is present in all countries around the world, but under the influence of different factors such as the export of natural resources (mainly oil) or the intensification of industrial activity. Taking into account the variables used, this study stands out in the multitude of articles published in the international mainstream.
Converting idol worship into destination loyalty: A study of “idol pilgrimage tour” in China
Authors: Tian Jingyi , Li Ting (Tina) , Chen Rui , Yang Kaining , Li Ping , Wen Si
Published: May 2023

Purpose

“Idol pilgrimage tour” is a popular trend among young Chinese fans who travel for idol-related purposes, engage in interactive events and have co-created experiences at destinations. With the growing market size of fan economy, fan tourists generate significant revenue for the local. However, many destinations have not fully utilised this opportunity, and there is a lack of research on this niche form of tourism. This research was undertaken to address this research gap.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopted an idol worship–motivation–co-created experience–tour satisfaction–destination loyalty framework in the context of idol pilgrimage tours. In addition, this study investigated the direct influence of idol worship on the other four constructs. Data were collected from 354 Chinese fans who had such experience through online questionnaires. The partial least squares–structural equation modelling technique was used to examine the research model.

Findings

It was demonstrated that idol worship has a direct influence on motivation, co-created experience, satisfaction and loyalty and that there is a positive relationship between motivation, co-created experience, satisfaction and loyalty. The results advance the brand sacralisation literature by studying worship in a tourism context and contribute to interactive marketing literature by clarifying the interactive mechanism between relationships among the idol, fans and destinations. The study suggests some practical implications for destination management organisations attempting to target tourist fans.

Originality/value

This is the first study introducing the concept of the idol pilgrimage tour. Empirical results of this study reveal the underlying mechanism of how idols influence fans' travel-related psychology and behaviour.
Does media content have an impact on help-seeking behaviors for mental illness? A systematic review
Authors: Goodwin John , Behan Laura
Published: May 2023

Purpose

People who experience mental illness often demonstrate limited help-seeking behaviours. There is evidence to suggest that media content can influence negative attitudes towards mental illness; less is known about how media impacts help-seeking behaviours. The purpose of this study is to identify if media plays a role in people’s decisions to seek help for their mental health.

Design/methodology/approach

The databases Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, MEDLINE, APA PsycArticles, APA PsycInfo, Social Sciences Full Text [H.W. Wilson] and Soc Index were systemically searched for papers in the English language that investigated the link between media and help-seeking for mental illness.

Findings

Sixteen studies met eligibility criteria. There was some evidence to suggest that various forms of media – including video and online resources – can positively influence help-seeking for mental health. Print media had some limited effect on help-seeking behaviours but was weaker in comparison to other forms of media. There was no evidence to suggest that media discourages people from seeking help.

Originality/value

This review identified that, given the heterogeneity of the included papers, and the limited evidence available, there is a need for more focused research to determine how media impacts mental health-related help-seeking behaviours.
The effects of sesame oil consumption on fatigue and mental health status in women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized, double-blinded, controlled trial
Authors: Atefi Masoumeh , Entezari Mohammad Hassan , Vahedi Hamid
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the effect of sesame oil (SO) on fatigue and mental health status in women with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) undergoing a weight-loss diet.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 60 women with NAFLD were randomly assigned to receive 30 g/day of either SO (n = 30) or sunflower oil (n = 30). All the patients received a hypocaloric diet (−500 kcal/day) for 12 weeks in a double-blinded controlled trial. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake, physical activity, fatigue and mental health status were measured at the baseline and the trial cessation.

Findings

In total, 53 participants completed the intervention. Significant reductions in anthropometric indices were observed in both groups (p-value = 0.001). Following SO, fatigue (p-value = 0.002), anxiety (p-value = 0.011) and depression (p-value = 0.013) scores were significantly reduced, while no significant changes were observed in stress scores.

Originality/value

In summary, the present study was conducted to assess the efficacy of SO consumption on fatigue and mental health status among patients with NAFLD. The results revealed SO consumption significantly reduced fatigue, anxiety and depression scores in comparison with the control group, but not for stress scores. Further clinical trials, different doses, with a longer duration of intervention, in different groups, are necessary to confirm the veracity of the results.
Job crafting after making mistakes: can leadership be an obstacle?
Authors: Fisher Isabelle , Costa Patrícia
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to explore how individual personal growth initiative (PGI) mediates the relationship between a positive error orientation and job crafting. Furthermore, it explores the moderating role of the feedback from the leader in this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach

Data was collected through a survey conducted on 209 international employees from multiple occupations.

Findings

A positive error orientation is indirectly related to job crafting through its relationship with PGI. Also, feedback from leadership has a negative effect on the relationship between a positive error orientation and PGI. Indeed, the mediation effect of PGI on the relationship between a positive error orientation and job crafting loses significance when the leadership feedback is high.

Practical implications

As far as job crafting is concerned, it is essential to develop an error management culture to promote proactive behaviors among individuals.

Originality/value

Although the literature tends to highlight the positive effects of receiving feedback from the leader on employee’s professional development, this paper highlights the potential detrimental effects of leader feedback on PGI, therefore opening a new interesting area that demands attention.
Ill‐intentioned or well‐intentioned: earnings management and trade credit
Authors: Hu Xingxing , Song Xiaobao , Su Wunhong
Published: May 2023

The use of trade credit as important short‐term financing for firms is increasing. This study explores the differential impact of firm earnings management on trade credit financing under different motives, using A‐share listed firms in China from 2009 to 2020. The results show that accrued and real earnings management reduce a firm's trade credit. On the other hand, the classification shifting earnings management increases a firm's trade credit. Accrued and real earnings management are opportunistically motivated, while classification shifting earnings management is non‐opportunistically motivated. Moreover, external audits weaken the negative effect of accrued and real earnings management on trade credit and enhance the positive effect of classification shifting earnings management on trade credit, indicating the ‘bilateral matching effect’ between external audits and firms. Finally, financing constraints weaken the impact of earnings management on trade credit.
An exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) in bariatric patients
Authors: Costello Kayla , Hildebrandt Tom , Michaelides Andreas , Herron Daniel , Sysko Robyn
Published: May 2023

Several studies in clinical and non‐clinical populations indicate differences between rationally and empirically derived subscales for the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), including samples of patients seeking bariatric surgery. This study aimed to use exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) to estimate the factor structure of the EDE‐Q and assess for the additive value of alternative measurement of eating disorder symptoms. Adolescents and adults completed the EDE‐Q and a psychiatric evaluation prior to bariatric surgery. Data from 330 participants were analysed using the original four‐factor and modified three‐factor structure of the EDE‐Q using both confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM). Age, ethnicity, and body mass index were examined as covariates in the best fitting model, and model subscales used to generate a predictive model of clinician screened DSM‐5 eating disorder diagnoses for criterion validity. A CFA of the four‐factor EDE‐Q provided poor model fit for a pre‐surgical bariatric population, but the three‐factor EDE‐Q and an ESEM of the four‐factor EDE‐Q provided excellent model fit. The Eating Concern subscale of the four‐factor ESEM model significantly predicted eating disorder diagnosis and was positively correlated with age. Our results suggest the ESEM derived factors of the EDE‐Q offered some improvements to the original empirically derived factor structure, as subscale scores based on the original items and cross‐loading items yielded an adequate prediction of clinician diagnoses.
Investigating the Extent to which Distributional Semantic Models Capture a Broad Range of Semantic Relations
Authors: Brown Kevin S. , Yee Eiling , Joergensen Gitte , Troyer Melissa , Saltzman Elliot , Rueckl Jay , Magnuson James S. , McRae Ken
Published: May 2023

Distributional semantic models (DSMs) are a primary method for distilling semantic information from corpora. However, a key question remains: What types of semantic relations among words do DSMs detect? Prior work typically has addressed this question using limited human data that are restricted to semantic similarity and/or general semantic relatedness. We tested eight DSMs that are popular in current cognitive and psycholinguistic research (positive pointwise mutual information; global vectors; and three variations each of Skip‐gram and continuous bag of words (CBOW) using word, context, and mean embeddings) on a theoretically motivated, rich set of semantic relations involving words from multiple syntactic classes and spanning the abstract–concrete continuum (19 sets of ratings). We found that, overall, the DSMs are best at capturing overall semantic similarity and also can capture verb–noun thematic role relations and noun–noun event‐based relations that play important roles in sentence comprehension. Interestingly, Skip‐gram and CBOW performed the best in terms of capturing similarity, whereas GloVe dominated the thematic role and event‐based relations. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our results, make recommendations for users of these models, and demonstrate significant differences in model performance on event‐based relations.
Atypisches Fibroxanthom und pleomorphes dermales Sarkom – Genexpressionsanalyse im Vergleich zum entdifferenzierten Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut
Authors: Anders Iris Marie , Schimmelpfennig Carolin , Wiedemann Karolin , Löffler Dennis , Kämpf Christoph , Blumert Conny , Reiche Kristin , Kunz Manfred , Anderegg Ulf , Simon Jan‐Christoph , Ziemer Mirjana
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund

Der histogenetische Ursprung des atypischen Fibroxanthoms (AFX) und pleomorphen dermalen Sarkoms (PDS) ist nicht abschließend geklärt. Neben einem fibroblastären Ursprung wird aufgrund starker klinischer, histomorphologischer und molekulargenetischer Ähnlichkeiten zum entdifferenzierten Plattenepithelkarzinom der Haut (cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, cSCC) eine keratinozytäre Differenzierung diskutiert.

Patienten und Methodik

56 Fälle (36 AFX, 8 PDS, 12 entdifferenzierte cSCC) wurden hinsichtlich ihrer klinischen, histomorphologischen und immunhistochemischen Charakteristika untersucht. An 18 Fällen (6 AFX/PDS, 6 entdifferenzierte cSCC, 6 differenzierte cSCC) wurde eine RNA‐Transkriptomanalyse durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse

Klinisch bestätigten sich starke Gemeinsamkeiten hinsichtlich Alter, Geschlecht und Lokalisation der Tumoren. Histomorphologisch ist es häufig ohne weiterführende immunhistochemische Färbungen nicht möglich AFX/PDS und entdifferenzierte cSCC voneinander abzugrenzen. In der Hauptkomponentenanalyse der RNA‐Transkriptomanalyse konnte gezeigt werden, dass AFX/PDS und differenzierte cSCC jeweils ein eigenes Cluster bildeten, während sich die entdifferenzierten cSCC dazwischen einordneten, ohne ein eigenes Cluster zu bilden. Bei der Betrachtung differenziell exprimierter Gene (DEG) verdeutlichten dieHeat Maps, dass es innerhalb der entdifferenzierten cSCC‐Fälle gab, welche vom Expressionsprofil eher den AFX/PDS als den differenzierten cSCC zuzuordnen waren.

Schlussfolgerungen

Die Ergebnisse der Gesamtuntersuchungen geben Hinweise auf molekulare Ähnlichkeiten zwischen AFX/PDS und entdifferenzierten cSCC und lassen einen gemeinsamen histogenetischen Ursprung vermuten.
Setting boundaries: Development of neural and behavioral event cognition in early childhood
Authors: Benear Susan L. , Popal Haroon S. , Zheng Yinyuan , Tanrıverdi Büşra , Murty Vishnu P. , Perlman Susan B. , Olson Ingrid R. , Newcombe Nora S.
Published: May 2023

The ongoing stream of sensory experience is so complex and ever‐changing that we tend to parse this experience at “event boundaries,” which structures and strengthens memory. Memory processes undergo profound change across early childhood. Whether young children also divide their ongoing processing along event boundaries, and if those boundaries relate to memory, could provide important insight into the development of memory systems. In Study 1, 4–7‐year‐old children and adults segmented a cartoon, and we tested their memory. Children's event boundaries were more variable than adults’ and differed in location and consistency of agreement. Older children's event segmentation was more adult‐like than younger children's, and children who segmented events more like adults had better memory for those events. In Study 2, we asked whether these developmental differences in event segmentation had their roots in distinct neural representations. A separate group of 4–8‐year‐old children watched the same cartoon while undergoing an fMRI scan. In the right hippocampus, greater pattern dissimilarity across event boundaries compared to within events was evident for both child and adult behavioral boundaries, suggesting children and adults share similar event cognition. However, the boundaries identified by a data‐driven Hidden Markov Model found that a different brain region—the left and right angular gyrus—aligned only with event boundaries defined by children. Overall, these data suggest that children's event cognition is reasonably well‐developed by age 4 but continues to become more adult‐like across early childhood.

Research Highlights

Adults naturally break their experience into events, which structures and strengthens memory, but less is known about children's event perception and memory.

Study 1 had adults and children segment and remember events from an animated show, and Study 2 compared those segmentations to other children's fMRI data.

Children show better recognition and temporal order memory and more adult‐like event segmentation with age, and children who segment more like adults have better memory.

Children's and adults’ behavioral boundaries mapped onto pattern similarity differences in hippocampus, and children's behavioral boundaries matched a data‐driven model's boundaries in angular gyrus.
How to commit to commissive self‐knowledge
Authors: Winokur Benjamin
Published: May 2023

At least some of your beliefs are commitments. When you believe that P as a commitment, your stance on P is such that you believe it on the basis of your considered judgement. Sometimes, you also believe that you believe P. Such self‐beliefs can also be commissive in a sense, as when they are reflective endorsements of your lower‐order commissive beliefs. In this paper I argue that one's commissive self‐beliefs ontologically constitute one's lower‐order commissive beliefs because one's commissive self‐beliefs instantiate the same inferential dispositions that are constitutive of one's lower‐order commissive beliefs. Constitutive relations between commissive self‐beliefs and first‐order commissive beliefs are maximally epistemically secure because they do not result from any epistemic procedure by which one must try (and possibly fail) to detect one's first‐order commissive beliefs. This maximal epistemic security suffices to warrant one's commissive self‐beliefs, such that one possesses commissive self‐knowledge of an especially privileged sort.
New‐onset functional tics during the COVID‐19 pandemic: Clinical characteristics of 105 cases from a single centre
Authors: Cavanna Andrea Eugenio , Purpura Giulia , Riva Anna , Nacinovich Renata , Seri Stefano
Published: May 2023

Background and purpose

The COVID‐19 pandemic has been associated amongst other things with a sharp increase in adolescents and young adults presenting acutely with functional tics. Initial reports have suggested clinically relevant differences between functional tics and neurodevelopmental tics seen in primary tic disorders such as Tourette syndrome. We aimed to provide confirmatory findings from the largest single‐centre cohort to date.

Methods

In the present study we present data from 105 consecutive patients who developed functional tics during a 3‐year period overlapping with the COVID‐19 pandemic (April 2020–March 2023). All patients underwent a comprehensive neuropsychiatric assessment at a single specialist centre for tic disorders.

Results

Female adolescents and young adults accounted for 69% of our sample. Functional tics had an acute/subacute onset in most cases (75% with a peak of severity within 1 month). We found a disproportionately high frequency of complex movements (81%) and vocalizations (75%). A subset of patients (23%) had a pre‐existing primary tic disorder (Tourette syndrome with functional overlay). The most common psychiatric co‐morbidities were anxiety (70%) and affective disorders (40%). Moreover, 41% of patients had at least one functional neurological disorder in addition to functional tics. Exposure to tic‐related social media content was reported by half of the patients.

Conclusions

Our findings confirm substantial clinical differences between functional tics developed during the pandemic and neurodevelopmental tics. Both patient‐ and tic‐related red flags support the differential diagnostic process and inform ongoing monitoring in the post‐pandemic era.
Validity of self‐reported oral conditions among Brazilian older women: Do socio‐economic factors matter?
Authors: Nascimento Gustavo G. , Machado Fernanda W. , Cascaes Andréia M. , Silva Alexandre E. , Boscato Noéli , Demarco Flávio F.
Published: May 2023

Objective

To validate the level of agreement between self‐report and clinical examination for oral conditions and evaluate the effect of sociodemographic conditions on the validity of self‐report among women aged 60 and older.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in a social community center for seniors in Southern Brazil. Sociodemographic data (age, level of education, and income) were measured. Participants were interviewed and clinically examined for the number of teeth (DMF‐T index) and the use of dental prostheses. The self‐reported number of teeth in each arch and the use of dental prostheses were gathered through interviews. The level of agreement was estimated using the observed agreement, Kappa statistics, sensitivity/specificity (edentulism/prostheses) and Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, and related tests (number of teeth). The validity of the oral conditions was estimated according to sociodemographic information.

Results

Ninety‐nine women participated in the study. High levels of agreement were observed for edentulism (97.8%; 95%CI 92.8;99.7; Kappa 0.947) and the use of dental prostheses (97.0%; 95%CI 91.3;99.4; Kappa 0.922). In both conditions, despite achieving similar concordance correlation coefficients (ranging from weak to moderate), the mean number of upper teeth was lower in clinical examination (7.1 ± 5.2) compared with self‐reported (8.6 ± 3.6), while the opposite was observed for lower teeth (clinical examination: 9.1 ± 3.4; self‐reported: 6.6 ± 5.3). Larger differences were found among women of low income and educational levels.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the participants' socio‐economic position might influence their self‐reported number of teeth.
Correspondence Analysis Using the Cressie–Read Family of Divergence Statistics
Authors: Beh Eric J. , Lombardo Rosaria
Published: May 2023

The foundations of correspondence analysis rests with Pearson's chi‐squared statistic. More recently, it has been shown that the Freeman–Tukey statistic plays an important role in correspondence analysis and confirmed the advantages of the Hellinger distance that have long been advocated in the literature. Pearson's and the Freeman–Tukey statistics are two of five commonly used special cases of the Cressie–Read family of divergence statistics. Therefore, this paper explores the features of correspondence analysis where its foundations lie with this family and shows that log‐ratio analysis (an approach that has gained increasing attention in the correspondence analysis and compositional data analysis literature) and the method based on the Hellinger distance are special cases of this new framework.
Setanaxib, a first‐in‐class selective NADPH oxidase 1/4 inhibitor for primary biliary cholangitis: A randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 2 trial
Authors: Invernizzi Pietro , Carbone Marco , Jones David , Levy Cynthia , Little Nicola , Wiesel Philippe , Nevens Frederik ,   the study investigators
Published: May 2023

Background

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a rare liver disease with significant unmet need for second‐line/add‐on treatments. Setanaxib, a NOX1/4 inhibitor, has shown anti‐fibrotic effects in in vitro and animal studies. This phase 2, randomized, multicentre study investigated the efficacy and safety of setanaxib in patients with PBC.

Methods

Patients with ≥6 months of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment were randomized 1:1:1 to oral setanaxib 400 mg once daily (OD), twice daily (BID), or placebo, in addition to UDCA for 24 weeks. Other inclusion criteria included alkaline phosphatase (ALP) ≥1.5 × ULN and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) ≥1.5 × ULN. The primary endpoint was percentage change from baseline in GGT at Week 24; secondary endpoints included change from baseline in ALP, liver stiffness (LS; via transient elastography), fatigue at Week 24, and safety outcomes. p values compare setanaxib 400 mg BID and placebo groups.

Results

Of patients randomized (setanaxib 400 mg OD and BID: 38, and 36; placebo: 37), 104/111 completed Week 24. Mean (standard deviation [SD]) change in GGT to Week 24 was −4.9% (59.6%) for setanaxib 400 mg OD, −19.0% (28.9%) for setanaxib 400 mg BID, and −8.4% (21.5%) for placebo; p = .31. Patients treated with setanaxib 400 mg OD and BID showed decreased serum ALP levels from baseline to Week 24 (p = .002: setanaxib BID versus placebo). Patients treated with setanaxib 400 mg OD and BID showed mean (SD) percentage increases in LS to Week 24 of 3.3% (35.0%) and 7.9% (43.7%), versus 10.1% (33.1%) for placebo (p = .65). Changes in mean (SD) PBC‐40 fatigue domain scores to Week 24 were +0.3% (24.9%) for setanaxib 400 mg OD, −9.9% (19.8%) for setanaxib 400 mg BID and +2.4% (23.1%) for placebo, p = .027. Two patients (one placebo, one setanaxib 400 mg BID) experienced serious treatment‐emergent adverse events, deemed unrelated to study drug.

Conclusions

The primary endpoint was not met. However, the secondary endpoints provide preliminary evidence for potential anti‐cholestatic and anti‐fibrotic effects in PBC, supporting the further evaluation of setanaxib in a future phase 2b/3 trial.
Quality‐of‐life scores improve after 96 weeks of PEG‐IFNa‐2a treatment of hepatitis D: An analysis of the HIDIT‐II trial
Authors: Dinkelborg Katja , Kahlhöfer Julia , Dörge Petra , Yurdaydin Cihan , Hardtke Svenja , Caruntu Florin Alexandru , Curescu Manuela G. , Yalcin Kendal , Akarca Ulus S. , Gürel Selim , Zeuzem Stefan , Erhardt Andreas , Lüth Stefan , Papatheodoridis George V. , Keskin Onur , Port Kerstin , Radu Monica , Celen Mustafa K. , Idilman Ramazan , Weber Kristina , Stift Judith , Wittkop Ulrike , Heidrich Benjamin , Mederacke Ingmar , von der Leyen Heiko , Dienes Hans Peter , Cornberg Markus , Koch Armin , Manns Michael P. , Wedemeyer Heiner , Deterding Katja ,   The HIDIT‐2 Study Team
Published: May 2023

Background & Aims

Infection with the hepatitis D virus (HDV) causes the most severe form of viral hepatitis with a high risk to develop clinical complications of liver disease. In addition, hepatitis delta has been shown to be associated with worse patient‐reported outcomes. Until recently, only pegylated interferon alfa could be used to treat hepatitis delta.

Methods

Here, we investigated quality of life (QOL) as assessed by the Short Form 36 Health Survey (SF‐36) in patients undergoing antiviral therapy with pegylated interferon alfa (PEG‐IFNa‐2a)‐based treatment in the HIDIT‐II trial. HIDIT‐II was a randomized prospective trial exploring PEG‐IFNa‐2a with tenofovir disoproxil (TDF) or placebo for 96 weeks in patients with compensated hepatitis delta. Surveys completed by 83 study participants before, during, and after treatments were available.

Results

Overall, we observed a reduced QOL of HDV patients compared with a reference population, both in physical as well as mental scores. Interestingly, PEG‐IFNa‐2a treatment showed only minor impairment of the QOL during therapy. Moreover, HDV‐RNA clearance was not associated with relevant changes in physical or social SF‐36 scores, whereas an improvement of fibrosis during treatment was associated with increased QOL. Overall, slight improvements of the QOL scores were observed 24 weeks after the end of treatment as compared with baseline. TDF co‐treatment had no influence on QOL.

Conclusions

Overall, our findings suggest that PEG‐IFNa‐2a was reasonably tolerated even over a period of 96 weeks by hepatitis D patients reporting SF‐36 questionnaires. Of note, several patients may benefit from PEG‐IFNa‐2a‐based therapies with off‐treatment improvements in quality of life.
What the tortoise should do: A knowledge‐first virtue approach to the basing relation
Authors: Titus Lisa Miracchi , Carter J. Adam
Published: May 2023

What is it to base a belief on reasons? Existing attempts to give an account of the basing relation encounter a dilemma: either one appeals to some kind of neutral process that does not adequately reflect the way basing is a content‐sensitive first‐personal activity, or one appeals to linking or bridge principles that over‐intellectualize and threaten regress. We explain why this dilemma arises, and diagnose the commitments that are key obstacles to providing a satisfactory account. We explain why they should be rejected anyway, and then offer a new, knowledge‐first virtue epistemological theory of the basing relation that shows how we can substantially theorize about mental processes without these commitments. The resulting view plausibly captures the way in which basing is an inherently mental and content‐sensitive process.
Endurantism, presentism, and the problem of temporary intrinsics
Authors: Garcia Yanssel
Published: May 2023

The most common form of endurantism takes enduring objects to be wholly located at every time they occupy. Such a view is believed to give rise to a problem concerning intrinsic change. My laptop may have been shut before, but it is currently open. Yet, if we understand endurantism as above, then my laptop is in possession of two contradictory properties: the shapes of being open and shut. This problem is known as the “problem of temporary intrinsics,” and, to avoid it, two major kinds of moves have been made. The first is to meddle with the relationship between an enduring object and its properties by, for instance, claiming enduring objects bear their properties relationally to times rather than intrinsically. Many who have found this move unappealing have instead turned to presentism, claiming that endurantists should be presentists to avoid the problem. I take it that while both options can work, neither is optimal. Instead, I argue in favor of an alternative understanding of endurantism that allows endurantists to have it all: there is a version of endurantism that leaves the intrinsic properties of objects untouched, avoids the problem of temporary intrinsics, and does not require adopting presentism.
Successful treatment of perianal fistulas in two dogs with oclacitinib
Authors: Harvey Richard , Horton Hollie
Published: May 2023

Perianal fistula (PAF) formation in dogs is a frustrating and painful disease, occurring primarily in German shepherd dogs. Ciclosporin has become the recommended treatment of choice yet may be associated with numerous adverse effects. This case report describes the successful treatment of two cases of PAF with oclacitinib.
Integral Fourier transforms and the integral Hodge conjecture for one-cycles on abelian varieties
Authors: Beckmann Thorsten , de Gaay Fortman Olivier
Published: May 2023

We prove the integral Hodge conjecture for one-cycles on a principally polarized complex abelian variety whose minimal class is algebraic. In particular, the Jacobian of a smooth projective curve over the complex numbers satisfies the integral Hodge conjecture for one-cycles. The main ingredient is a lift of the Fourier transform to integral Chow groups. Similarly, we prove the integral Tate conjecture for one-cycles on the Jacobian of a smooth projective curve over the separable closure of a finitely generated field. Furthermore, abelian varieties satisfying such a conjecture are dense in their moduli space.
Predictive Generalized Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Fractional Order Systems With Time Delay
Authors: Jain Shivam , Hote Yogesh V.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, two different active disturbance rejection control techniques based on notion of Smith Predictor are proposed for control of fractional order stable systems with time delay. In the proposed Smith Predictor-based fractional order linearized active disturbance rejection control (SP-FO-LADRC) technique, fractional order dynamics are treated as a part of generalized disturbance, and the concept of Smith Predictor is used to obtain delay less output, which is fed to an extended state observer (ESO), and an integer order control strategy is developed. To further ameliorate control performance of this technique, complete plant information of commensurate fractional order system is used to formulate another new technique, namely, Smith Predictor-based fractional order generalized active disturbance rejection control (SP-FO-GADRC), which incorporates fractional ESO and leads to formulation of fractional order control law. An extensive simulation study and robustness analysis conducted on three different examples is testimony to efficacy of proposed techniques.
Synergistic Effect of FSP and TiB2 on Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of AA2024 Surface Composites
Authors: Rafi Shaik Mohammad , Satish Kumar T. , Thankachan Titus , Selvan Chithirai Pon
Published: May 2023

In this research, AA2024 aluminum alloy-based surface composites were fabricated using ex situ titanium boride particles (TiB2) as reinforcement using the friction stir processing technique. Microstructural and mechanical variation with respect to the addition of TiB2 onto the AA2024 surface was studied and evaluated. Results proposed an increase in mechanical strength and hardness with respect to TiB2 addition when compared with the substrate metal. Dry sliding wear characteristics of aluminum surface composites at varying sliding distances (500 m, 1000 m, 1500 m, and 2000 m) were analyzed using pin on disc apparatus. Wear resistance of developed surface composites improved comparatively with respect to substrate metal due to the combined effect of particle inclusion and friction stir processing. Characterization of worn-out surface composites proposed that the wear mechanism happens due to the combination of abrasive and adhesive wear, while the major material removal happens due to abrasive wear.
Coupled Electrical–Thermal–Fluidic Multi-Physics Analysis of Through Silicon Via Pin Fin Microchannel in the Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit
Authors: Sun Ping , Huang Bing-Huan , Li Kui , Gong Liang , Zhu Chuan-Yong , Zheng Ying
Published: May 2023

To solve the thermal management problem in the three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D-IC) with high integration and multilayer, this paper establishes a 3D-IC interlayer microchannel model with various embedded TSV micropin fins to explore the temperature distribution of chips and the flow velocity distribution inside the microchannel. The paper selects the sense amplifier and the half adder as the heat source of the memory and processor in the calculation model. The power densities of the sense amplifier and the half adder are 885 kW/m2 and 1.832 MW/m2 combined with the layout size, respectively. Meanwhile, the effects of the shape and arrangement of TSV micropin fins on the flow and heat transfer characteristics are investigated. The result shows that the 1.2:1 diamond micropin fin microchannel with staggered arrangement has the best overall flow and heat transfer performance. Compared with the basic circular micropin fin with the in-line arrangement, the average Nusselt number of this microchannel is improved by 3.20–3.37 times, and the maximum temperature of chips is controlled at 325.92–312.43 K for Re = 628–1819.
Velocity discontinuity propagation model validation using an approximate point source in motion
Authors: Bahr Christopher J.
Published: May 2023

The classic geometric acoustic solution for propagation through a mean flow velocity discontinuity is evaluated experimentally using an approximate point source in motion. The geometric approximation of the pressure field in the frequency and time domains is, first, revisited for arbitrary subsonic flow and source motion along the flow axis. The derivation, computed via the method of stationary phase, shows the expected Doppler behavior of the radiated acoustic field due to the source motion acting in conjunction with the convective amplification effect for a stationary source in flow. The model is validated with a minimally intrusive, approximate point source of heat in the Quiet Flow Facility at the NASA Langley Research Center. Within the limitations of the experiment in this open-jet wind tunnel, data generally show agreement with the model across a range of flow speeds and microphone positions for a broad range of frequencies. Where disagreement between measurement and theory is noted, possible causes are discussed.