bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feedback Literacy: a catalyst for lifelong learning from a chemistry education perspective
Authors: Lawrie Gwendolyn
Published: September 2023

‘Feedback’ is ubiquitous in life! Most people are constantly engaged in processes of generating or receiving different forms of feedback daily, across diverse facets of our lives. Whether we are being invited to complete an online poll after some form of interaction with a service provider; or seeking affirmation through social media; or simply thinking about our own thinking, these activities involve different forms of feedback process. In this editorial, I am exploring a topic that is deeply relevant to my own values and beliefs as a teacher in how best to support student learning in chemistry through feedback processes. I share recent education research that has moved the position of feedback from one of teacher-centric information transfer to one of learner-centric active learning based on developing feedback literacy. In reflecting on this position, I recognise that chemistry education research is ideally placed to build students' capacity in feedback literacy. Our community can capture and share further empirical evidence of strategies that effectively engage students in seeking, processing and acting on feedback as part of chemistry learning.
Morphology-dependent enhancement of the electrochemical performance of CNF-guided tunable VS4 heterostructures for symmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Zafar Saad , Thomas Arpit , Mahapatra Soumyasri Nikhilesh , Karmodak Naiwrit , Arora Harpreet Singh , Lochab Bimlesh
Published: September 2023

XPS, Raman and density functional theory calculations showed the proximity of VS4 on CNF allowed V–C bond formation, which resulted in enhanced electrochemical properties of the composite compared to pure VS4.
Hierarchical core–shell Ni@C-NCNTs nanocomposites tailored for microwave-induced dry reforming of methane process
Authors: Zhang Miaomiao , Gao Yibo , Mao Yanpeng , Jin Yang , Wang Wenlong , Sun Jian , Song Zhanlong , Sun Jing , Zhao Xiqiang
Published: September 2023

Hierarchical core–shell Ni@C-NCNTs nanomaterials and N-doped defects for microwave-induced CH4 dry reforming with excellent catalytic activity and energy efficiency.
Level of Aspiration in Female Stutterers: Changing Times?
Authors: Sheehan Joseph G.
Published: September 2023

In a study designed to cross-check a previous finding that females who stutter suffer from markedly low self-esteem and low levels of aspiration, 21 female stutters and 35 female controls were compared on the Rotter Level of Aspiration Board. For the female stutterers, the mean D score was +1.46, while for the female nonstutterers, it was +3.11 (
t
= 2.75;
p
< 0.005). It was concluded that females who stutter do indeed suffer from low self-esteem, as reflected in their greater reluctance to bid for scores promising higher achievement. Comparison of the 1979 sample with a 1955 sample indicated that female stutterers may be making some generational gains in self-esteem, perhaps reflected improved status of females in our society.
Optimal operation of multiple integrated energy systems based on a hybrid Taguchi‐compact salp swarm algorithm
Authors: Fu Yang , Shan Jie , Li Zhenkun , Xie Bolin
Published: September 2023

With the rapid development of integrated energy system (IES), it has become a trend to form multiple integrated energy systems (MIESs) in a certain region. However, there is a lack of coordination and cooperation among MIESs. This paper proposes an optimal operation model of MIESs with four cost objectives, which focuses on energy interaction among MIESs. As a non‐linear and large optimization problem, it is difficult for conventional mathematical methods to solve. Hence, this paper proposes a hybrid Taguchi‐compact salp swarm algorithm (TCSSA). The compact technique can save the operation memory of model. Taguchi method can improve the convergence speed and solution accuracy of model. The proposed algorithm is tested on 28 benchmark functions and applied to optimal operation of MIESs. Results demonstrate that: (1) compared with other famous algorithms, TCSSA can provide more efficient execution and better solutions. (2) The optimal operation of MIESs based on TCSSA can achieve the complementary of energy advantages, which effectively reduces the total cost of MIESs (up to 9.67%).
Enriching inner discs and giant planets with heavy elements
Authors: Bitsch Bertram , Mah Jingyi
Published: September 2023

Giant exoplanets seem to have on average a much higher heavy-element content than the Solar System giants. Past attempts to explain this heavy-element content include collisions between planets, accretion of volatile rich gas, and accretion of gas enriched in micrometre-sized solids. However, these different theories individually could not explain the heavy-element content of giants and the volatile-to-refractory ratios in the atmospheres of giant planets at the same time. Here we combine the approaches of gas accretion enhanced with vapour and small micrometre-sized dust grains within one model. To this end, we present detailed models of inward-drifting and evaporating pebbles, and describe how these pebbles influence the dust-to-gas ratio and the heavy-element content of the disc. As pebbles drift inwards, the volatile component evaporates and enriches the disc. At the same time, the smaller silicate core of the pebble continues to move inwards. As the silicate pebbles are presumably smaller than the ice grains, they drift more slowly, leading to a pile-up of material inside of the water-ice line, increasing the dust-to-gas ratio in this region. Under the assumption that these small dust grains follow the motion of the gas even through the pressure bumps generated by the gaps between planets, gas accreting giants can accrete large fractions of small solids in addition to the volatile vapour. We find that the effectiveness of the solid enrichment requires a large disc radius to maintain the pebble flux for a long time and a high viscosity that reduces the size and inward drift of the small dust grains. However, this process depends crucially on the debated size difference of the pebbles that are inside and outside of the water-ice line. On the other hand, the volatile component released by the inward-drifting pebbles can lead to a high enrichment with heavy-element vapour, independently of a size difference of pebbles inside and outside the water-ice line. Our model emphasises the importance of the disc’s radius and viscosity to the enrichment of dust and vapour. Consequently, we show how our model could explain the heavy-element content of the majority of giant planets by using combined estimates of dust and vapour enrichment.
New insights on the latest Messinian-to-Piacenzian stratigraphic series from the Dahra Massif (Lower Chelif Basin, Algeria): Lago Mare, reflooding and bio-events
Authors: Atik Asma , Mansouri Mohamed El Habib , Bessedik Mostefa , Osman Mohammed Kamel , Belkebir Lahcene , Saint Martin Jean-Paul , Chaix Christian , Belkhir Ayoub , Gorini Christian , Belhadji Ahmed , Satour Linda
Published: September 2023

Geological investigations carried out on the Dahra Massif have revealed sedimentary changes and bioevents characterizing the post-gypsum detrital sediments (from Messinian to Piacenzian), which are followed by the Trubi equivalent Pliocene marls or white marly limestones.

Structured into two superimposed steps, the late Messinian deposits yielded two successive ostracod assemblages. They indicate a brackish environment for the lower and a fairly open shallow brackish environment for the second. Based on their ostracod content, assemblage 1 (Cyprideis, Loxoconcha muelleri) corresponds to the Lago Mare biofacies 1 of the Apennine foredeep, which is correlated with the Lago Mare 1 episode dated between 5.64 and 5.60 Ma. Assemblage 2 (Loxocorniculina djafarovi) is referred to the Lago Mare biofacies 2 described in the same region. It is correlated with the Lago Mare 3 episode, dated between 5.46 and 5.33 Ma.

Moreover, the stratigraphic succession is marked by a major discontinuity indicated by a hardground, separating step 1 from step 2 and corresponding to the ostracod assemblages 1 and 2, respectively. This discontinuity is considered here to be equivalent to the Messinian Erosional Surface, already evidenced in the region and widely known around the Mediterranean Basin.

These late Messinian deposits and their ostracod assemblage 2, notably the detrital sedimentation with Ceratolithus acutus, Globorotalia margaritae, Reticulofenestra cisnerosii document a marine incursion into the Lower Chelif Basin, corresponding to the latest Messinian marine reflooding of the Mediterranean Basin, that happened before the earliest Zanclean R. cisnerosii occurrence. Finally, the bioevents evidenced in the Dahra Massif, reinforce the evidence of the late Messinian Lago Mare 3 episode, and support the ante-Zanclean age of the marine reflooding of the Mediterranean.

The overlying deposits are marked by coral constructions (cf. Cladocora cf. caespitosa, Dendrophyllia sp) never described before and covering the entire early Zanclean, testifying the existence, at that time, of warm enough conditions, which may correspond to the marine isotopic stage TG5.
Workers’ non-discrimination in the metaverse
Authors: Rosioru Felicia
Published: September 2023

Technology is evolving and the workplace is radically changing; remote work is possible for activities that we never sought that could be done elsewhere than in a workplace organised by the employer. Digitalization enables automated production lines, but also automated decisions related to the employees, replacing human control and making platform work possible. The impact of innovation on labour law was very important during the pandemic, accelerated by the need of the so-called `social distance`. Several platforms, like Google Meet, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, Webex Meet were rapidly adapted to allow live interaction for those who could not meet in-person. Online meetings, online lectures, online administration etc. have become quite rapidly the `normality` of those days. In this context, an old idea has found fertile ground for development: the metaverse. Even if the metaverse doesn’t exist yet, work in virtual worlds advertised as metaverses has become a reality, challenging the traditional structures of labour law. One of the concerning issues related to the metaverse is related to workers’ discrimination in the virtual world and the possibilities to tackle it.
Collective management of copyright and related rights - fiscal implications
Authors: Prisacariu Andreea Iuliana
Published: September 2023

Creative activities are a constant in all the periods and changes that humanity has gone through, they enriched life, improved living conditions and contributed to the progress made in different areas of activity. In today’s highly digitized context, social networks, YouTube, Spotify and Netflix are representative means by which intellectual creations reach the public. In this equation, it is legally required to answer the question how do creators, authors and holders of related rights receive appropriate compensation for the use and exploitation of their works? Collective management organizations provide an answer, they provide a way through which copyright and related rights may be exercised. As a consequence of their contribution to the exploitation of copyright and related rights, collective management organizations also play a fiscal role. Some aspects require clarifications, such as identification of taxable persons, direct and indirect tax applied to the achieved income, as well as non-patrimonial tax obligations.
The legality of reverse engineering or how to legally decipher trade secrets
Authors: Ungureanu Carmen Tamara , Tataru Çtefan Răzvan
Published: September 2023

Reverse engineering is the process of extracting secret information (trade secrets) by analysing an existing product. To determine whether reverse engineering falls within the limits of legality, the paper explores first the trade secrets (their meaning and forms, their regulation and legal protection). Then, the reverse engineering is brought under scrutiny, pointing out its main issues that of what reverse engineering consists of, what are the conditions that should be met in order to be considered legal, where it could be applied. The paper highlights the usefulness of reverse engineering in the traditional industry, software industry and as well as in the digital twins technology. In this endeavour, beyond the consulted legal literature, European and American caselaw is examined. Finally, the means of protection that trade secrets right holders have at their disposal against reverse engineering are revealed.
On the curiosities of the future: meta criminal law
Authors: Stănilă Laura Maria
Published: September 2023

The new virtual realm – Metaverse – despite its entertaining potential and features, comes with a lot of threats and perils, and tends to seriously challenge the legal system. The lack of regulation, the increasing number of users and the occurrence of new acts that can be committed solely in Metaverse are just a few topics this article aims to address. The author proposes the creation of a new branch of law – Meta - Criminal Law and asks for immediate intervention of the national and international legislators to create a frame system to protect the users of virtual platforms and ensure their safety.
Proposal of a modified tip apex distance for prediction of lag screw cut-out in trochanteric hip fractures
Authors: Selim Amr , Al-Hadithy Nawfal , Diab Nader M. , Ahmed Abdulla Mohamed , Kader Khaled Fawzy Abdel , Hegazy Mohamed , Azeem Hazem Abdel , Barakat Ahmed Samir
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Lag screw cut-out is a serious complication of dynamic hip screw fixation of trochanteric hip fractures. The lag screw position has been acknowledged as one of the important factors affecting the lag screw cut-out. We propose a modification of the Tip Apex Distance (TAD) and hypothesise that it could improve the reliability of predicting lag screws cut-out in these injuries. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was conducted for hip fracture entries in the period from Jan 2018 to July 2022. A hundred and nine patients were suitable for the final analysis. The modified TAD was measured in millimetres based on the sum of the traditional TAD in the lateral view and the net value of two distances in the AP view, the first distance is from the tip of the lag screw to the opposite point on the femoral head along the axis of the lag screw while the second distance is from that point to the femoral head apex. The first distance is a positive value, whereas the second distance is positive if the lag screw is superior and negative if inferior. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the reliability of the different parameters assessing the lag screw position within the femoral head. Results: Reduction quality, fracture pattern as per the AO/OTA classification, TAD, Calcar Referenced TAD, Axis Blade Angle, Parker’s ration in the AP view, Cleveland Zone 1, and modified TAD were statistically associated with lag screw cut-out. Among the tested parameters, the modified TAD had 90.1% sensitivity and 90.9% specificity for lag screw cut-out at a cut-off value of 25 mm with a P-value < 0.001. Conclusion: The modified TAD had the highest reliability in the prediction of lag screw cut-out. A value ≤ 25 mm could potentially protect against lag screw cut-out in trochanteric hip fractures.
Real-World Evaluation of Response to Hepatitis B Vaccination in Cirrhosis: A Brief Report
Authors: Jain Mayank
Published: September 2023

Information regarding seroresponse to hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in India is sparse. We aimed to determine response rates to HBV vaccination in adult cirrhotic patients. We included adult patients (> 18 years) with cirrhosis after screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-HBc, and anti-HBs. Those who were seronegative were advised vaccination. We excluded patients who were known HBsAg positive, on oral antiviral drugs, who did not complete the recommended vaccination regimen, and those who were lost to follow-up. Two months after completion of vaccination, anti-HBs titers were measured. Titers more than10 IU/L were considered as response, while less than 10 IU/L was labeled as nonresponse. The two groups were compared for baseline demographic parameters, anthropometry, model of end-stage liver disease score, and history of prior vaccination. The study cohort included 164 patients (median age: 43, range: 18–68 years, and 67% males). On follow-up at 2 months after vaccination, 103 (62.8%) patients had anti-HBs titer more than 10 IU/L. Of these, 54 (52.4%) had titers more than 100 and 49 (47.6%) had titers ranging from 10 to 99. Nonresponders were significantly older than responders (48 vs. 41 years, p = 0.01). Seroresponse to HBV vaccination in adult patients with cirrhosis was 62.8%. Older age predicted nonresponse to HBV vaccination.
Endovascular Embolization with n-Butyl Cyanoacrylate for Ruptured Distal Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Dissecting Aneurysm
Authors: Shintoku Ryosuke , Marushima Aiki , Okune Sho , Hiramine Takato , Nakao Junzo , Takahashi Toshihide , Hino Tenyu , Hosoo Hisayuki , Ito Yoshiro , Hayakawa Mikito , Ishikawa Eiichi , Matsumaru Yuji
Published: September 2023

Parent artery occlusion is a definitive treatment method for preventing rebleeding of dissecting aneurysms. We herein report a case of a ruptured distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) dissecting aneurysm treated with internal trapping using n-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA). A 65-year-old man visited our hospital with a complaint of headache and neck pain that began 1 week before his arrival. He had a history of spontaneous subarachnoid hemorrhage of unknown cause. Computed tomography of the brain revealed a small amount of subarachnoid hemorrhage, and distal subtraction angiogram showed a distal PICA dissecting aneurysm. We placed a guiding catheter in the left vertebral artery and an intermediate catheter in the PICA. A microcatheter was guided toward the proximal side of the aneurysm and was wedged into the parent artery. The dissecting aneurysm was treated with parent artery occlusion using 50% NBCA. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 3 weeks after treatment without any neurological deficit. Parent artery occlusion with internal trapping using NBCA could be a safe and definitive treatment method for distal PICA dissecting aneurysms. Angiographical evaluation of the collateral network in the distal branch of PICA before embolization and wedged microcatheter technique in the parent artery are important for successful embolization using NBCA.
A Case Series of Gestational Choriocarcinoma with Review of Literature
Authors: Tanneru Anusha , Shetty Vijith , Nandan Neetha
Published: September 2023

Choriocarcinoma can be gestational and nongestational. Gestational choriocarcinoma is rare with an incidence of 9.2 in 40,000 pregnancies in Asian population. They can occur following molar, partial molar pregnancy, abortion, or delivery. It is detected by elevated levels of serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) and by imaging modality. The need for histopathological diagnosis for choriocarcinoma is debatable. Six cases of choriocarcinoma are described with variable presentations and outcomes. Out of six cases, three were following vaginal delivery, two were after abortion, and one case was perimenopausal with antecedent pregnancy 10 years ago, unclear whether it was the cause for choriocarcinoma. Brain and lung metastasis were seen in three cases each; one case, which had metastasis to all organs, had worse prognosis and succumbed to the disease. All belonged to high-risk group according to International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics score (8–13). The prognosis is usually very good, provided that prompt diagnosis and treatment are initiated early. Long-term follow-up with beta-hCG levels needs to be done to detect recurrence but it did not act like a prognostic indicator in our case series.
Nonmeningothelial Dural-Based Lesions: A Histopathological Analysis
Authors: Gajaria Pooja K. , Shenoy Asha S. , Goel Naina A.
Published: September 2023

Introduction We report 30 cases of nonmeningothelial dural-based lesions encountered during a 3-year study period.

Materials and Methods We retrospectively reviewed pathology records of patients operated for extra-axial, dural-based lesions during the years 2016 to 2018 and included nonmeningothelial lesions as a part of this study.

Results Among the 3,243 neurosurgical specimens for histopathologic examination, only 30 (0.93%) were “nonmeningothelial dural-based lesions.” Six (20%) patients were in the pediatric age group. Pathologic assessment identified 13 cases of solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma (43.3%) and 7 cases of Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (23.3%). Two cases (6.7%) were of metastasis. Other lesions included a single case each of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, solitary plasmacytoma, and granulocytic sarcoma. Nonneoplastic lesions included two cases each of Rosai–Dorfman disease and nonspecific inflammatory lesions.

Conclusion Nonmeningothelial dural-based lesions being rare, thorough examination of morphological features is a must by the pathologist, to arrive at the accurate diagnosis. Ancillary tests, if required, should be employed in the context of the morphologic picture.
Endovascular Treatment of Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysms: A Single-Center Experience from a Developing Country
Authors: Saghebdoust Sajjad , Barani Amir Reza , Mehrizi Mohammad Ali Abouei , Ekrami Mehran , Lajimi Amir Valinezhad , Termechi Gholamreza
Published: September 2023

Objective In recent years, endovascular methods have been developed to treat intracranial aneurysms. To date, results of endovascular treatment (EVT) for anterior communicating aneurysms (ACoAs) have never been investigated in Iran. Thus, we sought to assess the mid-term angiographic and clinical outcomes of patients with ACoAs who underwent EVT in a tertiary center.

Materials and Methods Electronic health documents of patients with ACoAs who underwent EVT from March 2019 to July 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, procedural and clinical complications along with immediate and 12 months' postprocedural angiographic and clinical results were included in the analysis. Aneurysm occlusion status was classified based on the Raymond–Roy Occlusion Classification (RROC), and clinical outcomes were assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).

Results Of 38 patients with 38 ACoAs, 32 patients (84.21%) presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage of whom 23 (60.52%) had ruptured ACoAs. EVT included simple coiling in 29 patients (76.32%), balloon-assisted coiling in 6 (15.79%), and stent-assisted coiling in 3 (7.89%). Immediate and 12-month postprocedural angiograms demonstrated complete/near-complete occlusion (RROC I and II) in 32 (84.21%) and 35 patients (97.22%), respectively. Periprocedural complications occurred in five patients (13.15%), and the mortality rate was 5.26%. Thirty-two patients (84.21%) had favorable outcomes (mRS 0–2) at the last follow-up.

Conclusion EVT is a safe and beneficial procedure with favorable mid-term clinical and angiographic outcomes for ACoAs. Our results can lay the foundation for further studies in developing countries and are satisfactory enough for neurointerventionists to put EVT on the therapeutic agenda of ACoAs.
TP53 Mutations R175H and R249S Are Rare in Indian Head and Neck Cancer Patients
Authors: Ghosh Arjita , Moorthy Anbalagan
Published: September 2023

Introduction Mutations in tumor suppressor gene TP53 are considered as one of the main causes for different types of cancer. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the common cancers found in India. Among the several mutations reported in the TP53 gene, R175H and R249S are linked to cause of several cancers. This work was carried out to study the prevalence of R175H and R249S mutations in HNSCC patients of Indian origin.

Method Tumor samples were collected from 50 HNSCC patients and good quality genomic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) were obtained from 41 samples. Using this genomic DNA, polymerase chain reaction-linked restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to screen both the mutations in the TP53 gene of the patients.

Result The results revealed that out of the 41 samples analyzed, all the samples were negative for the mutations both in homozygous and heterozygous condition. This experiment was repeated three times, and the representative image is shown.

Conclusion This study suggests that mutations in codon 175 (R175H) and 249 (R249S) are rare in HNSCC patients of Indian origin.
Classification of real and complex three-qutrit states
Authors: Di Trani Sabino , de Graaf Willem A. , Marrani Alessio
Published: September 2023

In this paper, we classify the orbits of the group SL(3,F)3 on the space F3 ⊗ F3 ⊗ F3 for F=C and F=R. This is known as the classification of complex and real three-qutrit states. We also give an overview of physical theories where these classifications are relevant.
Analysis of the high-frequency characteristics of a sine waveguide
Authors: Lei Xia , Xing Xiaoqing , Tu Xiaoguang , Wang Xuelan , Zhong Mian , Zhang Huazhong , Wei Yanyu
Published: September 2023

Based on the double-periodic characteristics of a sine waveguide, the dispersion equation, interaction impedance, and transmission losses of slow-wave structures are derived. The dispersion equation indicates that the waves propagating in the sine waveguide should belong to two mode types, which can exist independently rather than as “pseudo-modes.” The dispersion equation, interaction impedance, and transmission losses are obtained using a theoretical model. A 220 GHz traveling wave tube (TWT) is used as an illustrative example to verify the validity of the analytical model. The calculated results show that the dispersion curve is in good agreement with that given by the Ansys high-frequency simulation software over the entire frequency range and that the theoretical numerical calculation time is less than 2% of that of the Ansys software package. In addition, the results demonstrate that the interaction impedance of the symmetric φ0 + π mode is much higher than that of the asymmetric φ0 mode. Therefore, the symmetric φ0 + π mode should be used for propagation in sine waveguide traveling-wave tubes. Moreover, when the conductivity is set at 1.6 × 107 S/m, the loss of the sine waveguide is ∼1.15 dB/cm for 220 GHz. The equivalent conductivity of the metal can be used appropriately in the design of the mm-wave and the THz TWT.
The reactive Graetz problem for a first order homogeneous decomposition reaction, and the limit of moderately large reaction constants
Authors: Higuera F. J. , Fernández de la Mora J.
Published: September 2023

The long term goal of the present study is to facilitate the inversion of experimental data on cluster evaporation in laminar flow inside tubes. This requires the determination of reactant and product fluxes as functions of three dimensionless governing parameters: the axial position x along the tube, the reaction rate coefficient K, and the ratio γ of product and reactant diffusivities. The reactant flux is first calculated by separation of variables, including the accurate determination of the first 35 eigenvalues for 13 discrete values of K in the range 0<K<500. This approach is far less efficient for the product flux because the eigenfunctions are not standard functions. A numerical solution is also implemented for the reactant and its product, though it can hardly cover the full range of the three relevant parameters. The most common experimental situation involves relatively large values of K, for which a three term asymptotic solution is developed in negative powers of K1/2, with errors of order K−2. These approximate results represent well the numerically calculated reactant fluxes for K > 10 in terms of two functions, H0(s) and H1(s), reported in tables. The product fluxes require two functions, I0(s,γ), I1(s,γ). These we compute for six values of γ, and report as simple analytical fits covering continuously the full physically relevant range 1<γ<1.5. The desired ability to analyze experimental data to yield kinetic information is therefore achieved without the need for additional numerical solutions to partial differential equations.
Isolated corona current monitoring using a compensated light-emitting diode as an unpowered sensor
Authors: Harrison R. Giles , Escobar-Ruiz Veronica , Nicoll Keri A. , Ambaum Maarten H. P.
Published: September 2023

Measurement of the emission current at a high voltage is necessary in monitoring ion production from a corona source, to provide independent confirmation of operation. The wide common mode range required is usually obtained through an isolated system, which requires isolated power to operate, adding complexity and volume. Passing the current through a light-emitting diode (LED) provides an alternative measurement method as the LED’s brightness can be used to signal the current’s magnitude. The forward voltage loss across the LED is negligible compared with the emitter voltage. Selection of a discrete LED for this task rather than using one within a standard integrated optocoupler package improves the low current sensitivity by two orders of magnitude. A high efficiency discrete infrared LED–photodiode pair is demonstrated to provide measurements of corona currents between 0.2 and 20 µA using a second LED–photodiode pair for analog linearity compensation. The inherent simplicity is well suited to new applications of ion emission in propulsion and weather modification.
Polarity and orbital driven reduction in contact resistance in organic devices with functionalized electrodes
Authors: Patrikar Kalyani , Mondal Anirban
Published: September 2023

Interlayers at electrode interfaces have been shown to reduce contact resistance in organic devices. However, there still needs to be more clarity regarding the role of microscopic properties of interlayer functionalized interfaces on device behavior. Here, we show that the impact of functionalized electrodes on device characteristics can be predicted by a few critical computationally derived parameters representing the interface charge distribution and orbital interactions. The significant influences of interfacial orbital interactions and charge distribution over device and interface properties are exhibited. Accordingly, a function is developed based on these parameters that capture their effect on the interface resistance. A strong correlation is observed, such that enhanced orbital interactions and reduced charge separation at the interface correspond to low resistance regardless of the individual molecules utilized as the interlayer. The charge distribution and orbital interactions vary with the molecular structure of the interlayer, allowing the tuning of device characteristics. Hence, the proposed function serves as a guideline for molecular design and selection for interlayers in organic devices.
IRMSwin-T: A lightweight shifted windows transformer based on inverted residual structure and residual multi-layer perceptron for rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Ding Shanshan , Chen Renwen , Liu Hao , Liu Fei , Zhang Junyi
Published: September 2023

The data-driven fault diagnosis method has achieved many good results. However, classical convolutional and recurrent neural networks have problems with large parameters and poor anti-noise performance. To solve these problems, we propose a lightweight shifted windows transformer based on inverted residual structure and residual multi-layer perceptron (IRMSwin-T) for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings. First, the original data are expanded by using overlapping sampling technology. Then, the collected one-dimensional vibration signals are vector serialized by using the patch embedding strategy. Finally, the IRMSwin-T network is developed to extract features of vector sequences and classify faults. The experimental results showed that compared with mainstream lightweight models, the IRMSwin-T model in this paper has fewer parameters and higher diagnostic accuracy.
A meaningless buzzword or a meaningful label? How do Spanish politicians usepopulismoandpopulistaon Twitter?
Authors: Shchinova Nadezda
Published: September 2023

While there is substantial research on populism and populist discourse, research on discourses about populism is still developing. Scholars highlight the need to understand whypopulismis so widely used and what the rapid spread of this socio-political keyword tells us about political and media discourse. The main objective of this paper is therefore to understand discourses on populism. To this aim, we examine for what purpose the termspopulismandpopulist – henceforthpopulis* – are used and what they allow to do in discourse. Based on the analysis of a corpus of tweets produced by political figures in Spain, we show that, contrary to previous analyses,populis*does not have the sole function of being a randomly used buzzword or of proposing an anti-populist discourse. Indeed, our analysis shows that political actors resort to different patterns of use ofpopulis*depending on their political and communicative strategy.
Phase structure of quantum improved Schwarzschild-(Anti)de Sitter black holes
Authors: Chen Chiang-Mei , Chen Yi , Ishibashi Akihiro , Ohta Nobuyoshi
Published: September 2023

We study the phase structure of quantum improved Schwarzschild–(A)dS black holes in asymptotically safe gravity. Our results confirm some of the well-known properties of quantum black holes. For example, the quantum effect provides a repulsive force in the core region near singularity which stabilizes the thermodynamically unstable small black holes, and also creates a zero temperature state with finite size. We suggest that this could be a candidate for dark matter. We find a new second order phase transition between small and large black holes for quantum improved Schwarzschild-Anti de Sitter black holes. We also discuss the black holes with different spatial topologies and find a notable duality.
Pulse parameter optimizer: an efficient tool for achieving prescribed dose and dose rate with electron FLASH platforms
Authors: Jain S , Cetnar A , Woollard J , Gupta N , Blakaj D , Chakravarti A , Ayan A S
Published: September 2023

Purpose. Commercial electron FLASH platforms deliver ultra-high dose rate doses at discrete combinations of pulse parameters including pulse width (PW), pulse repetition frequency (PRF) and number of pulses (N), which dictate unique combinations of dose and dose rates. Additionally, collimation, source to surface distance, and airgaps also vary the dose per pulse (DPP). Currently, obtaining pulse parameters for the desired dose and dose rate is a cumbersome manual process involving creating, updating, and looking up values in large spreadsheets for every treatment configuration. This work presents a pulse parameter optimizer application to match intended dose and dose rate precisely and efficiently. Methods. Dose and dose rate calculation methods have been described for a commercial electron FLASH platform. A constrained optimization for the dose and dose rate cost function was modelled as a mixed integer problem in MATLAB (The MathWorks Inc., Version9.13.0 R2022b, Natick, Massachusetts). The beam and machine data required for the application were acquired using GafChromic film and alternating current current transformers (ACCTs). Variables for optimization included DPP for every collimator, PW and PRF measured using ACCT and airgap factors. Results. Using PW, PRF, N and airgap factors as parameters, a software was created to optimize dose and dose rate, reaching the closest match if exact dose and dose rates are not achievable. Optimization took 20 s or less to converge to results. This software was validated for accuracy of dose calculation and precision in matching prescribed dose and dose rate. Conclusion. A pulse parameter optimization application was built for a commercial electron FLASH platform to increase efficiency in dose, dose rate, and pulse parameter prescription process. Automating this process reduces safety concerns associated with manual look up and calculation of these parameters, especially when many subjects at different doses and dose rates are to be safely managed.
Dose distribution estimation toward CT-less adaptive carbon ion radiotherapy for liver tumors using the divided-volume matching technique
Authors: Chen Jing-Ni , Ohno Tatsuya , Tashiro Mutsumi
Published: September 2023

Objective. Dose distribution estimation during the treatment course is essential for carbon ion radiotherapy because beam ranges are highly sensitive to density changes along beam paths, triggering the adaptive re-planning at an appropriate time. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of evaluating daily dose distributions using the divided-volume matching (DVM) technique without additional daily computed tomography (CT) scans for adaptive carbon ion radiotherapy for liver tumors. Approach. Phantom and patient data were included in this study. The developed in-house DVM software generated DVM CTs based on the existing resources, the planning CT, and orthogonal two-dimensional (2D) setup images. Bone matching (BM) and tumor matching (TM) are the two common ways of patient positioning correction to determine the isocenter for the irradiation of the day. We compared the dose distributions between DVM and in-room CTs with different isocenters based on BM or TM to verify whether the DVM CTs sufficiently represent the in-room CTs for daily dose distribution evaluations. Main results. For the phantom study, the clinical target volume coverage (V95%) differences between the in-room and the DVM CTs were <2%, and their dose distribution patterns were similar. For clinical data, the 3%/3 mm gamma passing rates were over 96%, and the planning target volume coverage (V95%) differences were <3% between the in-room and DVM CTs in nine out of ten patients. With different isocenters, the dose coverage of the DVM CT changed consistently with those of the in-room CT. Significance. The DVM technique enabled the evaluation of daily dose distributions without additional CT scans and was shown to be feasible in carbon ion radiotherapy for liver tumors.
Pulse wave analysis as a tool for the evaluation of resuscitation therapy in septic shock
Authors: Campitelli Riccardo , Ferrario Manuela , Su Fuhong , Creteur Jacques , Herpain Antoine , Carrara Marta
Published: September 2023

Objective. Pulse wave analysis (PWA) can provide insights into cardiovascular biomechanical properties. The use of PWA in critically ill patients, such as septic shock patients, is still limited, but it can provide complementary information on the cardiovascular effects of treatment when compared to standard indices outlined in international guidelines. Previous works have highlighted how sepsis induces severe cardiovascular derangement with altered arterial blood pressure waveform morphology and how resuscitation according to standard haemodynamic targets is not able to restore the physiological functioning of the cardiovascular system. The aim of this work is to test the effectiveness of PWA in characterizing arterial waveforms obtained from a swine experiment involving polymicrobial septic shock and resuscitation with different drugs. Methods. During the experiment, morphological aortic waveform features, such as indices related to the dicrotic notch and inflection point, were extracted by means of PWA techniques. Finally, all the PWA indices were used to compute a clustering classification (mini batch K-means) of the pigs according to the different phases of the experiment. This analysis aimed to test if PWA features alone could be used to distinguish between the different responses to the administered therapies. Results. The PWA indices highlighted different cardiovascular conditions of the pigs in response to different treatments, despite the mean haemodynamic values typically used to guide therapy administration being similar in all animals. The clustering algorithm was able to distinguish between the different phases of the experiment and the different responses of the animals based on the unique information derived from the aortic PWA. Conclusion. Even when used alone, PWA indices were highly informative when assessing therapy responses in cases of septic shock. Significance. A complex pathological condition like septic shock requires extensive monitoring without neglecting important information from commonly measured signals such as arterial blood pressure. Future studies are needed to understand how individual differences in the response to therapy are associated with different cardiovascular conditions that may become specific therapy targets.
Transversal diagonal logical operators for stabiliser codes
Authors: Webster Mark A , Quintavalle Armanda O , Bartlett Stephen D
Published: September 2023

Storing quantum information in a quantum error correction code can protect it from errors, but the ability to transform the stored quantum information in a fault tolerant way is equally important. Logical Pauli group operators can be implemented on Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) codes, a commonly-studied category of codes, by applying a series of physical Pauli X and Z gates. Logical operators of this form are fault-tolerant because each qubit is acted upon by at most one gate, limiting the spread of errors, and are referred to as transversal logical operators. Identifying transversal logical operators outside the Pauli group is less well understood. Pauli operators are the first level of the Clifford hierarchy which is deeply connected to fault-tolerance and universality. In this work, we study transversal logical operators composed of single- and multi-qubit diagonal Clifford hierarchy gates. We demonstrate algorithms for identifying all transversal diagonal logical operators on a CSS code that are more general or have lower computational complexity than previous methods. We also show a method for constructing CSS codes that have a desired diagonal logical Clifford hierarchy operator implemented using single qubit phase gates. Our methods rely on representing operators composed of diagonal Clifford hierarchy gates as diagonal XP operators and this technique may have broader applications.
Bäcklund transformation for a family of coupled KdV equations
Authors: Cao Xifang
Published: September 2023

In this paper we give two forms of Bäcklund transformation for a family of coupled KdV equations reported by Nutku and

O

g

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uz

. As applications, we construct multi-soliton solutions. We also analyse the effect of the different values of the parameter in the family to the soliton solutions.
Coordinated inference, holographic neural networks, and quantum error correction
Authors: Patrascu Andrei T
Published: September 2023

Coordinated inference problems are being introduced as a basis for a neural network representation of the locality problem in the holographic bulk. It is argued that a type of problem originating in the ‘prisoners and hats’ dilemma involves non-local signaling that is also found in the AdS/CFT duality. Neural networks are shown to have a significant role in the connection between the bulk and the boundary, being capable of inferring sufficient information capable of explaining the pre-arrangement of observables in the bulk that would lead to non-local precursor operators in the boundary.
Stimulated Raman scattering by circularly polarized quadruple Gaussian laser beam and co-propagating electron beam in plasma
Authors: Kamboj Oriza , Teotia Anshul Kumar , Kant Niti
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the interplay between a co-propagating relativistic electron beam and a quadruple Gaussian laser beam in plasma, focusing on the suppression of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) growth. The presence of the laser beam induces the excitation of a pair of plasma waves and side-scattered electromagnetic waves. As the side-scattered wave and pump wave couple together, they exert a ponderomotive force on the electron beam and plasma electrons, resulting in an enhancement of the plasma wave amplitude. Nonlinear coupling between the density perturbation in the plasma, induced by the plasma wave, and the pump wave leads to the excitation of a nonlinear current responsible for the growth of the side-scattered electromagnetic wave associated with SRS. Furthermore, the growth rate of SRS is shown to be highly sensitive to the phase matching between the relativistic electron beam and the plasma wave. In cases of phase mismatch, the growth rate experiences a significant reduction. Additionally, the effectiveness of the electron beam in driving the stimulated Raman process is greatly affected by the energy spread of the electron beam. A substantial reduction in effectiveness is observed due to this energy spread.
Valuation of theoretical and experimental thresholds fluences of pure metals using laser induced plasma spectroscopy (LIPS)
Authors: Ahmed Nasar , Hedwig Rinda , Pardede Marincan , Kurniawan Koo Hendrik , Jabbar Abdul , Baig Muhammad Aslam
Published: September 2023

The present studies demonstrate the valuation of threshold fluence of pure metals using the laser-induced plasma spectroscopy technique. The optical emission spectra of the s, p, and d-block elements including Li, Mg, Sr, Ba, Al, Sn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Au, Cd, and Ag were recorded using a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser operating at 532 nm and an Echelle spectrograph (Andor Mechelle M500) equipped with a gated ICCD system. The laser fluence was varied from 0.5 to 15 J cm−2 using a fixed spot size of approximately 1.0 ± 0.1 mm. The threshold fluence was measured using the isolated and well-separated emission lines of all the elements. The experimental threshold fluence values for Li, Ca, Mg, Sr, Ba, Al, Sn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Au, Cd, and Ag were determined as 0.8 J cm−2, 1.4 J cm−2, 1.18 J cm−2, 0.7 J cm−2, 0.4 J cm−2, 2.5 J cm−2, 1.0 J cm−2, 0.7 J cm−2, 3.15 J cm−2, 3.9 J cm−2, 0.8 J cm−2, 3.4 J cm−2, and 0.8 J cm−2 respectively. Theoretical values of the threshold fluences were also determined, showing good agreement with the experimentally measured values.
Atomistic evaluation of tension–compression asymmetry in nanoscale body-centered-cubic AlCrFeCoNi high-entropy alloy
Authors: Xing 邢 Runlong 润龙 , Liu 刘 Xuepeng 雪鹏
Published: September 2023

The tension and compression of face-centered-cubic high-entropy alloy (HEA) nanowires are significantly asymmetric, but the tension–compression asymmetry in nanoscale body-centered-cubic (BCC) HEAs is still unclear. In this study, the tension–compression asymmetry of the BCC AlCrFeCoNi HEA nanowire is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations. The results show a significant asymmetry in both the yield and flow stresses, with BCC HEA nanowire stronger under compression than under tension. The strength asymmetry originates from the completely different deformation mechanisms in tension and compression. In compression, atomic amorphization dominates plastic deformation and contributes to the strengthening, while in tension, deformation twinning prevails and weakens the HEA nanowire. The tension–compression asymmetry exhibits a clear trend of increasing with the increasing nanowire cross-sectional edge length and decreasing temperature. In particular, the compressive strengths along the [001] and [111] crystallographic orientations are stronger than the tensile counterparts, while the [110] crystallographic orientation shows the exactly opposite trend. The dependences of tension–compression asymmetry on the cross-sectional edge length, crystallographic orientation, and temperature are explained in terms of the deformation behavior of HEA nanowire as well as its variations caused by the change in these influential factors. These findings may deepen our understanding of the tension–compression asymmetry of the BCC HEA nanowires.