bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Participatory wildlife films for primate conservation education in Los Tuxtlas Biosphere Reserve, Veracruz, Mexico
Authors: Ramos Luna Jorge , Chapman Colin A. , Serio-Silva Juan Carlos
Published: August 2024

Audiovisual media has become an integral part of conservation education strategies, with the potential not only to communicate information but also to impact on its viewers perceptions and attitudes towards a particular subject. Despite this potential, few studies have evaluated either the use of film for primate conservation initiatives or the wider impact of participatory film production. Our study evaluates the impact of a participatory documentary film about historic human-primate coexistence in the Los Tuxtlas region, Veracruz, Mexico, to improve people’s knowledge, perception, and attitudes towards the local primate species, Alouatta palliata and Ateles geoffroyi. Our study took place in six rural localities, in four of which a participatory film-making process was undertaken, involving production workshops and public screenings; two localities were intentionally left out as control groups. People’s knowledge, perception, and attitudes towards primates were assessed through randomized sampling using a questionnaire prior (n = 419) and following (n = 223) the presentation of the documentary. Results indicate a minimal but positive shift in participant’s attitudes and perceptions, with statistically significant increases in primate knowledge scores. While the participatory approach offers promise, further exploration and refinement are essential for effective conservation education. The study highlights the need for diverse and locally based perspectives in developing conservation education materials and programs to foster meaningful engagement and drive primate conservation efforts forward.
Host status of cover crops for the management of Meloidogyne izalcoensis in coffee orchards infested with root-knot nematodes
Authors: Almeida Sheila F. , Rodrigues-Silva Paolo L. , Mattos Vanessa S. , Souza Caio F.B. , Cares Juvenil E. , Carneiro Regina M.D.G.
Published: August 2024

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne izalcoensis was described parasitising coffee trees and causing damage in the Izalco volcano region, Sonsonate, El Salvador. In Brazil, it was detected in coffee roots in the municipality of Indianópolis, Minas Gerais state (MG). Intercropping cover crops is a traditional practice in Brazilian coffee orchards, and the use of plants that are non-hosts or antagonistic to the nematodes is a very promising strategy for coffee in infested areas. Due to the scarce information on the host status of M. izalcoensis, the aim of this study was to evaluate 24 plants of different species of cover crops and select the non-hosts or poor hosts. Two assays were conducted at different times, and all plants were inoculated with 10 000 eggs. After 90 days, the following parameters were determined: fresh root weight, reproduction factor (RF) and final reaction. Plants with RF < 1.0 were classified as non-hosts (NH), those with RF > 1.0 were classified as hosts and using statistical analyses as: good host (GH), intermediate host (IH) and poor host (PH). Most of the botanical species tested were classified as NH or PH to M. izalcoensis: cotton, rice, white oat, black oat, ryegrass, corn, three species of grass, two cultivars of millet, two wheat cultivars, Crotalaria breviflora, C. ochroleuca, C. spectabilis, jack bean, gray mucuna bean and two species of rice grass. Only tomato and bean were classified as GH, and C. juncea and soybean were classified as IH. The plants identified as non-hosts or poor hosts can be recommended for intercropping or for crop rotation in Brazilian coffee orchards in regions infested by M. izalcoensis.
Secular Framings
Authors: Pontzen Benedikt
Published: August 2024

The secular Ghanaian state frames and governs ‘African Traditional Religion’ (‘ATR’) in three main ways. As culture and heritage, aspects of ‘ATR’ are integrated into public performances and national narratives, displaying the African identity of the Ghanaian nation. As providers of traditional forms of therapy, traditional shrines are administered as health facilities and supervised by the Ministry of Health. As religion, ‘ATR’ is counted as one of the country’s religions. This article discusses these framings and their social dynamics drawing on framing theories and secularity studies. Devising secular framings and eclectically appropriating traditional religious presences, the Ghanaian state seeks to govern ‘ATR’ and integrate it into its nation-building politics. Traditional religious actors have reappropriated these framings, carving out spaces of their own. The relations between ‘ATR’ and the Ghanaian state are subject to constant negotiations that impact both.
State, Religion, and Tradition in Angola
Authors: Figueiredo Fábio Baqueiro
Published: August 2024

Angolan independence, proclaimed in 1975, instituted a one-party, socialist-oriented revolutionary regime that vowed to create a nation of workers under a secular state with freedom of worship. However, such a framework existed only on paper. A generation gap opposed Protestant, mission-educated leaders to younger agnostic and atheist militants trained in socialist countries. The government acted to circumscribe the public space of churches and enforce compliance with the heavily contested new order, but also promoted certain denominations as a tool to build hegemony. Further complications arise from African religious practices not being deemed religion but tradition, pointing both to superstition and obscurantism on the one hand, and to the cultural corpus of nation-building on the other. This paper posits that the study of secularity in Angola does not fit into the usual theoretical dichotomy but must take into account the intersections and interplay of tradition with both religion and the state.
African Socialism and Secular State Formation
Authors: Wilkens Katharina
Published: August 2024

In order to trace pathways of secularisation and secularity in Africa this paper highlights a particular movement that carried great ideological weight at the time of most countries’ independence in the 1950s and 60s, namely African socialism. The development toward state secularism was structurally very similar throughout the continent independently of whether political leaders opted for the ‘West’ or the ‘East’ in the cold war. However, in opposition to Soviet ideology, African Socialism was famously antiatheist. With the wish to fend off Marxist atheism as a supposedly necessary aspect of socialism, ideologues in African socialism were among the few politicians in Africa even to address the place of religion in a secular state at all. The roots of African socialism can be traced to US-American Pan-Africanism as well as the interconnected colonial opposition movement grounded in Marxist anti-imperialism. Another argument focusses on the education of some prominent state leaders, such as Nyerere, Nkrumah, Touré and Senghor, to explain the importance of Christian mission schools and Islamic madrasahs as points of access to social, intellectual, and institutional participation in global anti-colonial movements. In the framework of one-party politics, state leaders called on (Pan-)African traditions, but ‘de-mystified’ them (Touré) in order to enhance African Socialism ‘as belief’ (Nyerere). In conclusion it is argued that state secularism in Africa at the time of independence, as demonstrated most visibly in African Socialism, is more about suppressing and/or balancing the traditional powers of religious leaders than about a fundamental critique of a religious way of life. In turn, the implicit association of socialism and Marxism with atheism needs further scrutiny in a global perspective.
Secularity and Muslim-Christian Relations in Uganda
Authors: Schulz Dorothea
Published: August 2024

The article reconstructs aspects of the secularizing project of the British colonial administration in Uganda by exploring how state regulatory practices in the field of Western school education set the conditions for two forms of religious difference: first, relations between Muslims as members of a religious minority and the Christian majority, and second, dynamics among Muslims that transpired not only in leadership competition but also in controversies over education and proper religious practice. Focusing on the intersections between a state regulatory regime and the activities of Muslims who claimed religious and political leadership on behalf of other Muslims in the areas of Buganda and Bugisu, the article argues that these Muslim intellectuals mediated and contributed to the colonial administration’s production of Muslims as a religious minority. As articulators of Islam, they (re)formulated and debated the forms and purpose of Muslim education and partly novel understandings of proper religious practice, and what it means to be a modern, pious Muslim in the new colonial order. Their political aspirations were hampered, not only as a direct consequence of the colonial administration’s production of systematic inequalities between Christians and Muslims, but also as a result of the dynamics of intra-Muslim plurality.
The Nordic Investment Bank: The Evolution of an International Institution
Authors: Megliani Mauro
Published: August 2024

The Nordic Investment Bank (nib) is an international financial institution created in 1975 by the Nordic Council of Ministers to promote investment projects and exports in the Nordic region. In 1998, a new Agreement and Statutes replaced the previous ones and established the international character of the institution. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union, nib started to provide financing to the Baltic states which in 2004 became full members under a new Agreement. The three establishing treaties have marked the evolution of nib: first, a common institution of the Nordic countries; then, an international financial institution of the Nordic countries; and, finally, a Nordic-Baltic international financial institution. In this process, a key point is to appreciate whether and to what extent nib has continuously operated as a legal entity across the succession of establishing treaties.
Positive Duties of the Security Council Under the UN Charter and International Law
Authors: Pezzano Luciano
Published: August 2024

The current international context, characterised by a crisis in the multilateral institutions including the United Nations Security Council (sc), invites one to explore an often-overlooked question: whether the UN Charter and international law impose positive duties on the sc. To answer this question, this article offers a theoretical approach to an issue that has not received much attention from the authors. This exploratory study discusses the existence of duties of the sc; it analyses those duties under the Charter and international law, especially in Article 39, in the UN Purposes and Principles, and in the jus cogens norms. The article deals with the content and scope of the duties, arguing for a due diligence nature of them, and it also addresses the issue of the consequences of breaches, especially the institutional consequences within the UN system.
The Freedom of Association as Seen by the International Administrative Tribunals
Authors: Petrović Dražen
Published: August 2024

Rules governing international civil service as compared with national law are not always clear. The ways that international administrative tribunals protect the principle of the freedom of association and identified the rights by which this principle is manifested and realised are interesting as the realisation of those rights is not always obvious in international organizations. The right to organise, the right to strike, the right to be consulted and the collective bargaining are not words that can be found in constituent documents of international organizations. But they are indispensable for proper function of the organizations. The case law of the tribunals, which this article wishes to present, thus contributes to creating a harmonious workplace for officials of international organizations.
Walking the Path of Sanctification Together – Negative Work as an Approach to the Sacramental Dimension of Communion
Authors: Wolff Edda
Published: August 2024

This essay explores the less examined facets of communion and sacramentality within the church, emphasizing the dynamic nature of the church as continually ‘in-becoming’. It applies the concept of ‘negative work’ to approach dynamics of difference, disruption, and transformation, spotlighting the church as an evolving entity in a continuous state of ‘becoming’. The essay reevaluates sacramentality, shifting from establishing unity to emphasizing the mysterious and uncontrollable. By employing ‘negative work’, and analysing its implications for the understanding of sacramentality and communion, it explores a church as oriented towards transformation and ‘negative’ participation.
An Analysis of the Law Governing Enforceability of the Reports of the Controller and Auditor General in Tanzania
Authors: Marwa Ryoba
Published: August 2024

Auditing public entities is crucial in ensuring that accountability, and transparency in the management of public resources. The paper examines whether there are any weaknesses in the laws weakening the implementation and enforceability of the CAG’s Reports in Tanzania. The findings indicate that the Government of Tanzania has consistently demonstrated a lack of effectiveness in implementing the reports given by CAG, leading to repeated mismanagement of public monies and other resources inside public entities. It is submitted that the amendment of the law regulating the functioning of the CAG is inevitable in order to enhance the enforcement of the Controller and Auditor General ‘s Reports. This paper argues that if the Annual General Report on the audit of Public Authorities, which highlights inefficiencies in the management of public institutions as reported by the Controller and Auditor General, is not implemented and enforced, the audit reports remain meaningless.
A “Question of National Honour” – Status Concerns in Tanzania’s Response to the Invasion by Uganda in 1978
Authors: Kweka Dastan
Published: August 2024

Tanzania’s response to the invasion by Uganda in 1978 reveals a puzzle that previous scholars of the subject have overlooked. The country resorted to a full-scale war against Uganda, even after recovering its territory, and chose such a costly option when its economy was in a dire situation. Previous scholars emphasised security and revenge as the key motives underpinning the response. This paper, which is based on key informant interviews and archival research, argues that the counterintuitive nature of the response can only be sufficiently understood by factoring in the country’s sensitivity to status transgressions in its first two decades of independence. The invasion by Uganda took place against the backdrop of a state increasingly sensitive to its standing. This paper uses the status-dissatisfaction theory to argue that the response was informed not only by the national security logic, but also the need to defend the country’s status.
Optionality and paradigmaticity
Authors: JENNY Mathias , TIN Han , WEYMUTH Rachel , HERDEG Alexandra
Published: August 2024

Zooming in from the grand-scale descriptions of the Mainland Southeast Asian convergence area, this paper focuses on Htanaw, an Austroasiatic language in Myanmar’s Shan State. Close contact with Burmese/Intha, Pa’O, and Shan led to a restructuring of Htanaw, exemplified here by the verb phrase, which exhibits an intriguing mixture of (isolating) Austroasiatic and (morphologically complex) Tibeto-Burman features. The Htanaw VP is internally complex with optional bound morphemes expressing grammatical and semantic categories. Based on original fieldwork data and available published material, this study presents the dynamics of the Htanaw verb phrase patterns and puts them in an areal typological perspective.
The Enchanted Gaze: Modification of Butterfly Eyespots in Flemish Art
Authors: Simbula Giulia , Zingaro Vincenzo , Portera Mariagrazia , Dapporto Leonardo
Published: August 2024

As shown by Palaeolithic cave paintings, animals were the first subjects that humans began to depict and recall in their imagination, not solely for their utilitarian function. Some animals, due to distinctive morphological features, appear to have captured our ancestors’ attention in a special way. This is the case of animals with eye-like patterns, which have been reproduced in multiple ways and contexts throughout human history. This paper examines how Flemish artists have depicted a particular example of eye-like patterns, the eyespots on the wings of Aglais io butterflies, to understand whether these artists attributed any particular relevance to the eyespots. Modifications were identified by comparing 51 images of A. io specimens with 50 depicted ones by means of geometric morphometric using 34 landmarks and 12 semi-landmarks. Generally, eyespots resulted to be located towards the interior of the wing, enabling us to discriminate 92% of depicted A. io from real images. This tendency is in line with the observer centre bias but, in this case, applied to the production of pictorial images rather than to their visual fruition, and which might be called ‘a shifting location bias’. Moreover, the eyespots’ size was depicted with accuracy and minimal variation among painters, while the outline of the wings appeared to be subject to considerable artistic freedom. Overall, these findings highlight the importance attributed by the artists to the eyespots, sustaining the hypothesis concerning the salience of this feature in attracting human attention.
Compassionate Occupation: Yongzheng’s Purposes for Relocating the Qing Garrison Away from Lhasa
Authors: Eijk Juul
Published: August 2024

At the Kangxi emperor’s command, Qing troops occupied Lhasa in 1720. The Yongzheng emperor withdrew them shortly after his accession. This apparent reversal of Kangxi’s policy toward Tibet has been characterized as rushed and ill-considered. Yet, in his edict sent to inform the Dalai lama of the garrison’s relocation, Yongzheng stressed that his decision was meant as a continuation of his father’s intentions toward Tibet. Focusing on the emperor’s consideration for popular support and different strategies of Qing control, this paper argues that Yongzheng’s decision was aimed at preserving a strategy originating in the 1690s, aimed at routing power away from the position of the Dalai lama, by the gradual inclusion of local elites of the Khoshud-Tibetan state into the Qing hierarchy, with the goal of extending Qing control over Tibet. The relocation of the garrison was a prerequisite to the continuation of Kangxi’s policy, rather than its abrogation.
In Pursuit of Temporal Illusion: the Reproduction and Imitation of Antiquities under the Yongzheng Emperor (r. 1723–35)
Authors: Ma Kexin
Published: August 2024

The practice of reproducing and imitating antiquities during the Qing period (1644–1911) has attracted the attention of many scholars, especially those specialised in Qing imperial art production, who have delved into such practice initiated particularly under the Kangxi (r. 1662–1722) and Qianlong (r. 1736–95) emperors. The Yongzheng reign (1723–35), however, appears relatively overlooked in the ongoing discussion. This article aims to fill this research gap by examining the reproduction and imitation of archaic ceramics under the Yongzheng emperor. Both two-dimensional pictures and three-dimensional objects produced after archaic ceramics will be examined together with relevant imperial archival records in order to penetrate how antiquities would take on new forms, functions, and meanings and speak to an imagined, multi-layered past constructed at the court. Building upon this, the article will re-examine the definition of ‘antiquities’ in the Yongzheng context and unveil the pattern of thinking behind the illusionistic archaising practice in relation to Emperor Yongzheng’s dual identity as the Manchu ruler and a cultivated literatus engaged with Han Chinese traditions.
“They will know and fear the law” – Emperor Yongzheng’s Preface in the Great Qing Code of 1740
Authors: Weimar Gregor Marius
Published: August 2024

The biography of the Yongzheng Emperor by Pei Huang (1974) bears the title “Autocracy at Work” and Mote (2010: 887) calls this Qing dynasty emperor a “secretive, awesome autocrat”. The translation and analysis of the Manchu text of Yongzheng’s sioi/preface to the Great Qing Code reveals the correctness of these statements about this emperor’s type of government. Embedded in statements of truthfulness to the original Chinese legal ideas and an extensive quote ascribed to the Zhou Li, dedications of benevolence of the emperors in their rulings and judgments of cases, filial piety towards the emperors before him and especially his father, Emperor Kangxi, lie obvious and also between the lines statements that the emperor had the last say in every matter of state. He was dedicated to the ruling of the empire, which made him initiate reform and revision of the imperial administration, obviously also including the legal system. This attitude led Yongzheng to prioritize the formal revision of the structure of the Qing legal system and the publication that would later be known as the Daiqing guruni fafuni bithe kooli, the 大清律例 (Da Qing Lüli) – the Great Qing Code (GQC), a continuation of Kangxi’s effort in this regard and completed under Qianlong in 1740.

He mentions twice the expectation, that with an effective and just judiciary, and the people being educated in what the laws and regulations are, a betterment of social stability would ensue. In terms of autocracy, the emperor is here the entity which ultimately rules alone, but also bears the responsibility to maintain stability within society by judging, assessing, revising and promulgating what is legal. The upkeep of the cosmic order and hence the dynasty depended on it.
Transoceanic Memory (Studies): Oceans as Mode, Method and Material
Authors: Teichler Hanna
Published: August 2024

There is a renewed interest in scholarship exploring the connection between memory and the environment, remembering and ecocriticism, and between memory cultures and the Anthropocene. Oceanic spaces feature as frameworks to conceptualise this environmental turn across the disciplines, but have not been used to theorise an approach to memory. Taking cue from literary examples from the Anglophone sphere, and building on the work of Paul Gilroy, Isabel Hofmeyr, Michael North and Ananya Kabir, this essay conceptualises transoceanic memory (studies) as a transdisciplinary approach to memory; as mode, method and material. It is mode in its capacity to frame oceans as providing ideational, aesthetic, material and imaginary space to the many processes of remembering, and to reveal relational and exclusionary dynamics inherent to the formation of collective memory. It is method in the manner in which a transoceanic lens offers a comparative framework for transdisciplinary memory studies, allowing for different methods and models of memory to coalesce and communicate. Transoceanic memory is material in the sense in which it relates to oceans as ecosystems, as environmental formations in their own right, and with their own mnemonic agency.
Airborne Measurements of Mesoscale Divergence at High Latitudes during HALO–(AC)3
Authors: Paulus Fiona M. , Karalis Michail , George Geet , Svensson Gunilla , Wendisch Manfred , Neggers Roel A. J.
Published: August 2024

Boundary layer cloud transformations at high latitudes play a key role for the Arctic climate and are partially controlled by large-scale dynamics such as subsidence. While measuring large-scale and mesoscale divergence on spatial scales on the order of 100 km has proven notoriously difficult, recent airborne campaigns in the subtropics have successfully applied measurement techniques using multiple dropsonde releases in circular flight patterns. In this paper, it is shown that this method can also be effectively applied at high latitudes, in spite of the considerable differences in atmospheric dynamics compared to the subtropics. To show the applicability, data collected during the airborne High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft–Transregional Collaborative Research Center TRR 172-Arctic Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and Surface Processes and Feedback Mechanisms [HALO–(AC)3] field campaign near Svalbard in spring 2022 were analyzed, where several flight patterns involving multiple dropsonde launches were realized by two aircraft. This study presents a first overview of the results. We find that the method indeed yields reliable estimates of mesoscale gradients in the Arctic, producing robust vertical profiles of horizontal divergence and, consequently, subsidence. Sensitivity to aspects of the method is investigated, including dependence on sampling area and the divergence calculation.

Significance Statement

The aim of this work is to report encouraging results with a recently proposed aircraft-based method for measuring mesoscale vertical motions at high latitudes. Dropsonde data from the recent High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft–Transregional Collaborative Research Center TRR 172-Arctic Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and Surface Processes and Feedback Mechanisms [HALO–(AC)3] campaign are used for this purpose. The method has so far mainly been applied at subtropical to midlatitudes, but not in the Arctic, where the weather and climate conditions are very different. Gaining insight is significant because vertical winds play a key role in the Arctic climate system, including airmass transformations and the behavior of clouds and precipitation. The results motivate the use of the measured vertical winds in follow-up studies with process models.
A Dynamical Adjustment Approach to Estimating Forced and Internal Variability in the North Atlantic
Authors: Nedza Douglas , DelSole Timothy
Published: August 2024

Quantifying the relative contributions of external forcing and internal variability to North Atlantic sea surface temperature (NASST) has important implications for attributing and predicting climate changes around the North Atlantic basin. Many previous methods have approached this problem by estimating the externally forced signal directly, making assumptions about forced variability for which there is no consensus. In this work, the separation of variability is approached in a fundamentally different way that does not specify the forced response’s temporal evolution. We propose a dynamical adjustment method in which the internal, spatially uniform component of NASST is predicted based on patterns of NASST that are orthogonal to the spatially uniform pattern. When applied to preindustrial simulations, the dynamical adjustment demonstrates skill in reconstructing the NASST basin-mean variability. Applying the dynamical adjustment to historical simulations demonstrates skill in a majority of climate models although the skill is reduced relative to preindustrial simulations because external variability partly contaminates the predictors. The dynamical adjustment is compared to several other methods which directly estimate the externally forced signal. We find that dynamical adjustment performs similarly to these comparative methods despite the fundamentally different prediction method. However, methods based on different principles yield considerably different estimates of external and internal variability.
Added Value of Subscores for Tests With Polytomous Items
Authors: Gorney Kylie , Sinharay Sandip
Published: August 2024

Test-takers, policymakers, teachers, and institutions are increasingly demanding that testing programs provide more detailed feedback regarding test performance. As a result, there has been a growing interest in the reporting of subscores that potentially provide such detailed feedback. Haberman developed a method based on classical test theory for determining whether a subscore has added value over the total score. Sinharay conducted a detailed study using both real and simulated data and concluded that it is not common for subscores to have added value according to Haberman’s criterion. However, Sinharay almost exclusively dealt with data from tests with only dichotomous items. In this article, we show that it is more common for subscores to have added value in tests with polytomous items.
Stigma toward people with mental disorders in mental healthcare in Chile
Authors: Grandón Pamela , Bustos Claudio , Fernández Dany , Cova Félix , Nazar Gabriela , Díaz-Pérez Gabriela , Monreal Verónica , Méndez Jaime
Published: August 2024

Objective:

This research aimed to determine the stigma toward people with mental illness among mental health personnel and identify individual, professional, and contextual predictors.

Methods:

A descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational design was used. The sample consisted of 218 mental health personnel working in Outpatient Psychiatric Units belonging to hospitals and Community Mental Health Centers in Chile. Stigma was evaluated using a scale of humanized treatment, a scale of social distance, and a scale of attitudes in health personnel. In addition, sociodemographic and professional information was collected from mental health personnel and contextual information, particularly the type of outpatient mental health center and the technical-administrative unit that groups all the health centers in a territory.

Results:

It was found that mental health personnel, in general terms, present low levels of stigma expressed in behaviors of comfort and support toward users, a desire for closeness and social interaction, and reduced stigmatizing beliefs and attitudes of infantilization toward individuals with MHPs. However, intimacy and trust were lower than expected. Only educational levels and health centers were related to stigma.

Conclusions:

The low levels of stigma may be due to the evolution of this phenomenon and the country’s mental health policies.
Addressing disaster fatigue: A SAFE framework for enhancing disaster resilience in social work
Authors: Boetto Heather
Published: August 2024

An increase in exposure to successive disaster events is causing widespread adverse impacts on social workers worldwide, resulting in escalated levels of stress and exhaustion. This article examines the concept of disaster fatigue and its impact on social workers engaging in disaster practice. A SAFE framework for addressing disaster fatigue is outlined involving: (S) sustaining self-care; (A) adopting a trauma-informed approach; (F) fostering professional capability; and (E) enhancing disaster preparedness. Implications for social work involve the need to move beyond individualised notions of burnout, compassion fatigue and secondary traumatic stress towards a collective and multidimensional approach to enhancing disaster resilience.
An astronomical analysis of the data in the pseudo-Hipparchus palimpsest in the Codex Climaci Rescriptus
Authors: Grasshoff Gerd , Hoffmann Susanne M.
Published: August 2024

In 2022, Gysembergh et al. published a paper in JHA claiming ‘New evidence for Hipparchus’ Star Catalogue’. In this paper we challenge this hypothesis by stating that (a) we disagree with their astronomical dating and find inconsistencies by using the given numbers, and (b) the terminology and the data format used in the palimpsest do not match Hipparchus or anybody else. Therefore, the palimpsest does not prove anything about Hipparchus’s star catalogue nor did Hipparchus use rectangular constellation borders. Specifically, the constellation of Corona Borealis, typically depicted as a circle since Babylonian times, is not considered a rectangle by Hipparchus. Furthermore, a palimpsest that cannot be dated properly does not confirm the long-known relationship between Hipparchus and Ptolemy as the authors claim.
Advancements in joining Al-Zn-TiC-Mg composites using friction stir welding process: Influence of traverse speed
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Amin , Bagheri Vanani Behrouz , Masoudi Morghmaleki Abbas , Ostovari Moghaddam Ahmad , Eivani Ali Reza
Published: August 2024

In this article, dissimilar magnesium and aluminum alloys were welded with a Zn interlayer and TiC nanoparticles by friction stir welding. Optimal joining conditions were achieved by a combination of three traverse speeds (30, 45, and 60 mm/min) and constant rotational speeds (1050 rpm). The best microstructure evolution and mechanical properties were achieved for specimens joined at rotational and traverse speeds of 1050 rpm and 45 mm/min, respectively. The grain size decreases as the traverse speed increases from 30 to 45 mm/min due to a reduction in heat input, an improvement in reinforcing distribution, and high intermixing of materials, then increases from 45 to 60 mm/min due to inadequate heat input for recrystallization process. It was shown that the TiC particles play a prominent role in the microstructure modification and enhance mechanical properties of weld samples while the Zn foil interlayer plays a vital in avoiding the formation of Al-Mg IMC phases. The obtained result under optimal welding parameters indicates that MgZn2, Mg-Al-Zn compounds, Mg and Al solid solution, were the main detected common phases in the stir zone instead of the brittle and hard Al-Mg IMCs formation. The average hardness values of 232 Hv were achieved, while the strength of the weld specimen experiences the 189 MPa value. In addition, a combination of brittle and ductile modes was observed based on the fracture surface of the weld sample after the tensile test.
Mortality Salience and Death Anxiety: The Moderating Roles of Self-Esteem and Religiosity
Authors: Abdul Moh’d Haniel O.
Published: August 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mortality salience, death anxiety, and two moderating variables: self-esteem and religiosity. A total of 174 undergraduate students from the Mindanao State University-Main Campus in the Philippines were selected via convenience sampling. Specifically, the study was carried out to determine if both self-esteem and religiosity moderate the relationship between mortality salience and death anxiety. The results revealed that mortality salience was positively correlated with death anxiety among undergraduate students. Moreover, self-esteem significantly moderated the relationship between mortality salience and death anxiety, with low self-esteem enhancing this relationship. However, religiosity was found to be a non-significant moderator of the link between mortality salience and death anxiety. Overall, the findings of this study have implications for understanding these relationships and offer recommendations for further research.
Impact of Death Anxiety on Psychological Well-Being and Successful Aging of Older Adults With Chronic Illness
Authors: Bharti Akanksha , Bharti Das Ambika
Published: August 2024

Comorbidities due to aging and the COVID-19 pandemic together are expected to cause death anxiety among older adults. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of death anxiety and its impact on psychological well-being and successful aging of older adults with chronic illness. A cross-sectional correlational survey was conducted on 79 older adults with chronic illness, drawn with a stratified random sampling method. Self-report measures were used to assess death anxiety, psychological well-being, and successful aging. A high prevalence of death anxiety was reported among older adults. Psychological well-being and successful aging in these older adults were significantly and negatively associated with death anxiety. Further, death anxiety showed substantial predictive valence for psychological well-being and successful aging of older adults with chronic illness. Findings strongly advocate and call for timely intervention programs for chronically ill older adults to reduce their death anxiety for enhanced psychological well-being and promote successful aging.
Drug-related problems in elective surgical inpatients: A retrospective study
Authors: Simon Clara , Rose Olaf , Kanduth Karin , Pachmayr Johanna , Clemens Stephanie
Published: August 2024

Objectives:

Patients with drug-related problems are at high risk for perioperative complications. The study aimed to determine the prevalence, number, characteristics, clinical significance and the involved drugs of drug-related problems in inpatients, who were admitted to elective surgery, as well as their burden of comorbidity.

Methods:

The study design was a retrospective, observational study across nine different surgical sites. Patients at admission for elective surgery with  ≥ 1 drug-related problem, a hospital stay of  ≥ 24 h and at age  ≥ 18 years were included. The outcomes of interest were the prevalence and nature of drug-related problems, assessed by pharmacists at hospital admission. The Pharmaceutical Network Europe classification V9.1, the Hatoum scale of clinical significance, the Anatomical-Therapeutic-Chemical classification scheme of the World Health Organization were engaged to categorize drug-related problems and their clinical significance. The Charlson Comorbidity Index was applied to assess the comorbidity of participants.

Results:

The final data set included 11,176 elective surgical inpatients. Of these, a sample of 284 (2.54%) patients was analysed. It was found that 9.89% of the patients showed at least one drug-related problem (average 1.43, SD 0.7). Major causes were drug-drug interactions (30.3%) and supra-therapeutic doses (18.0%). Most drug-related problems were referred to a prescriber for intervention (61.3%). Eighty-two percent of drug-related problems were rated as clinically significant. Cardiovascular drugs were of major concern. Participants’ most common comorbidities were tumour diagnosis (34%), diabetes mellitus with end organ damage (26%) and peripheral vascular diseases (19%).

Conclusions:

Although the prevalence of drug-related problems in this diverse study population was low, drug-related problems were of great importance in terms of their cause and clinical significance. Patients with drug-related problems showed a moderate burden of physiological illness. Study results suggest a need to identify exposed patients with drug-related problems.
“Although Burdened, Do We Need to Do More?” Street-Level Bureaucrats’ Organizational Citizenship Behaviors in Poverty Alleviation Policy Implementation
Authors: Yu Suyang
Published: August 2024

Drawing on attentional resource allocation theory and transaction cost theory, this study links street-level bureaucrats’ problem-solving organizational citizenship behaviors with perceived administrative burden. Based on 28 in-depth interviews and 657 survey responses from street-level bureaucrats involved in China’s Targeted Poverty Alleviation Policy during 2019 and 2020, the study found positive relationships between problem-solving organizational citizenship behaviors, resource deficiency, bureaucratic control, and perceived administrative burden. Policymakers should be cautious when using control tools and avoid exploiting street-level bureaucrats’ commitment and compassion for clients to ensure effectively policy implementation and reduce administrative burdens on dedicated public servants.
Religious Involvement and Cognitive Function Among White, Black, and Hispanic Older Adults
Authors: Sauerteig-Rolston Madison R. , Barnes Lisa L. , Thomas Patricia A. , Angel Jacqueline L. , Ferraro Kenneth F.
Published: August 2024

We examined whether religious involvement was associated with cognitive function among older adults in the 2006–2020 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Using growth curve analysis, we found the association between religious involvement and cognition varied by facet of religious involvement and race and Hispanic ethnicity. Attending religious services with friends was associated with higher initial levels of cognitive function (b = 0.22, p < .05). For Hispanic older adults, frequent attendance at religious services was associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline (b = 0.16, p < .01). Stratified models by race and Hispanic ethnicity demonstrated that religious salience was associated with lower initial levels of cognitive function among non-Hispanic White adults (b = -0.19, p < .01). We found no association between religious involvement and cognitive function among non-Hispanic Black respondents. In sum, elements of religious involvement are positively or negatively related to cognitive function in later life and vary by race and ethnicity.
Impact of artificial intelligence-enabled service quality on user consumption value and continuous intention to use mobile fitness applications: Evidence from China
Authors: Lee Jung-Chieh , Gao Zitong , Xiong Liangnan
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been applied to mobile fitness applications (MFAs) to improve users’ continuance usage intention. Most of the literature has considered the adoption factors of MFA but has ignored the impact of AI effectiveness. To address this research gap, we develop a research model by integrating AI service quality and the theory of consumption value (TCV) to explore users’ continuance intention. Using a survey approach, a total of 416 valid questionnaires were collected in China, and the model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). The results show that functional, emotional, social, epistemic, and conditional values partially mediate the relationships between AI service quality and the continuance usage intention of AI-enabled MFAs. This study contributes to the literature by considering and examining the effect of AI service quality on users’ assessment of different consumption values, which advances the understanding of the AI service quality function in AI-enabled MFAs.
Emergent concepts in local economic development
Authors: Wear Andrew
Published: August 2024

This paper identifies and explores the local economic development concepts that are the focus of the most highly cited papers published between 2013 and 2023. It finds that many emergent concepts describe the functioning of modern, knowledge-intensive economies (agglomeration, innovation ecosystems, mission-led innovation, global production networks, Industry 4.0, smart cities and institutions) and the uncertainty they are experiencing (economic resilience, gig economy and work from home). Other concepts deal with the opportunity associated with greater inclusion (female entrepreneurship) and the changing nature of rural economies. Finally, substantial emerging literature tackles the opportunities and challenges associated with the transition to an economy that does not outstrip the planet’s natural resources (clean energy transition, circular economy and degrowth). These ideas do not reconcile easily into a coherent framework. The challenge for local economic development practitioners is to work in partnership with others to integrate these concepts into an approach that makes sense for their communities.
High-temperature oxidation behavior and subsurface phase transformation of high-Mn high-Al steel
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Guangqiang , Zhang Zhan , Yang Zhizheng , Hu Yan , Liu Yu
Published: August 2024

High-Mn steels are widely used in engineering applications because of their high strength, high hardness, and excellent toughness. In the industrial production of high-Mn steel, the steel is easy to be oxidized during the homogenization process, which may affect the properties of high-Mn steel. In this work, high-Mn high-Al steel with composition of (25–32)wt-%Mn-(8–11)wt-%Al-1wt-%C-Fe was prepared, the oxidation behavior and subsurface phase transformation of steel at 800 °C–1200 °C were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. The results show that the curve of oxidation weight gain with time is in good agreement with linear equations below 900 °C, which obey the parabolic rate law in the temperature range of 1000 °C–1200 °C. The steel matrix would be covered by the oxide scale earlier at higher temperatures, which decreases the oxidation reaction rate and makes the turning point of the oxidation reaction rate reach faster at higher temperatures. The Mn-depleted zone resulting from the selective oxidation of Mn is formed in the steel matrix epidermis, leading to the subsurface phase transformation, which may deteriorate the steel properties.
Drone delivery and consumer behavior in last mile logistics: an empirical study in South Korea
Authors: Kim Woohyoung , Liu Yu , Su Miao , Liu Feng , Fang Mingjie
Published: August 2024

Despite the great potential that drone technology can bring to last-mile logistics, consumers’ intent to use it appears to be lower than expected. Therefore, this study investigated the factors influencing consumers’ intentions to use drone delivery. A theoretical model based on value–belief–norm theory was developed and tested with structural equation modeling based on data collected from 458 Korean consumers. The results suggest that the environmental protection, economic, and altruistic values of drone delivery positively impact consumers’ perceptions of responsibility. In addition, the ascription of responsibility positively influences consumers’ personal norms. Finally, personal norms are found to increase consumers’ intentions to use drone delivery, and the impact is positively moderated by moral obligation. This study employs the extended value–belief–norm (VBN) framework and makes a valuable contribution to the existing body of literature. Furthermore, this study employs the VBN model to ascertain the ecological advantages associated with environmentally sustainable unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Additionally, it provides valuable practical implications for professionals and policymakers in the field.
A narrative on the codebreakers’ library at Bletchley Park
Authors: Fontanin Matilde
Published: August 2024

This article presents the first results of an investigation into the reading library that was available to codebreakers and other staff at Bletchley Park, Buckinghamshire, between 1940 and 1946. It describes the historical context and the first findings, underlining the equal status of all formats of documents as substitutes of lived experience, from material objects to oral history sources. The study was prompted by a research visit to Bletchley Park Museum in 2021. The story of this library, in the middle of wartime secrets, constitutes a case of library history and a pretext to reflect on the identity of the professions of librarians and other information workers, and their position in the larger history of computing and information science.
Time Matters: Analyzing the Impact of Nighttime on Commuter Trip Chaining Behavior and Travel Time Use in Karlsruhe, Germany
Authors: Kapitza Jonas
Published: August 2024

Trip chaining and the use of travel time by commuters have long been the foci of considerable research interest. However, despite this attention, few studies have investigated the differences in behavior associated with daytime and nighttime travel. To fill this gap in the literature, the present study investigated the influence of time of day on trip chaining and travel time use. The analysis was based on a data set of residents of the Karlsruhe area who regularly commute both during the day and at night. The data set was analyzed both descriptively and through the application of a series of logistic regression models. The results indicated that nighttime had a significant influence on the formation of trip chains and the use of time during the commute. For example, both the number of trip chains formed and the number of activities performed during the commute are reduced at night. The reasons for forming trip chains also varied according to the time of day. Whereas most trip chains were formed for errands during the day, at night, the majority were formed to pursue leisure activities. In addition, activities such as working, telephoning, looking at the landscape, or reading were significantly reduced at night. The findings of this study contribute to a more in-depth understanding of commuter behavior, on the basis of which, innovative and efficient mobility strategies can be further developed.