bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atmospheric convection, dynamics and topography shape the scaling pattern of hourly rainfall extremes with temperature globally
Authors: Moustakis Yiannis , Onof Christian J. , Paschalis Athanasios
Published: August 2020

Precipitation extremes are expected to intensify under climate change as ground temperature rises with a rate similar to the air’s water holding capacity ~7%/K (Clausius-Clapeyron). Recent studies have been inconclusive on the robustness and global consistency of this behavior. Here, we use hourly weather stations, 40 years of climate reanalysis and two convection permitting models to unravel the global pattern of rainfall extremes scaling with temperature at the hourly scale and identify hotspots of divergence from thermodynamical expectations. We show that in high- and mid-latitudes precipitation extremes closely follow a Clausius-Clapeyron scaling, while divergence occurs over the tropics and subtropics. Local features of atmospheric convection, larger-scale dynamics and orography, affect the dependence of extreme rainfall on surface temperature.
Formation of gadolinium–ferritin from clinical magnetic resonance contrast agents
Authors: Neburkova Jitka , Rulseh Aaron M. , Chang Shery L. Y. , Raabova Helena , Vejpravova Jana , Dracinsky Martin , Tarabek Jan , Kotek Jan , Pingle Mohan , Majer Pavel , Vymazal Josef , Cigler Petr
Published: August 2020

We show that clinical gadolinium-based contrast agents can form Gd3+-ferritin nanoparticles under physiological conditions. We suggest they can contribute to the T1 intensity changes in ferritin-rich brain areas observed in patients examined by MRI.
Quantum-chemistry-aided ligand engineering for potential molecular switches: changing barriers to tune excited state lifetimes
Authors: Sárosiné Szemes Dorottya , Keszthelyi Tamás , Papp Mariann , Varga László , Vankó György
Published: August 2020

DFT predicts the ability to tune the energy barrier between the quintet and singlet states of an iron complex, and thus the quintet lifetime, with selected substituents on the ligand; this prediction is confirmed by time-resolved spectroscopy.
Transfecting tissue models with CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid DNA using peptide dendrimers
Authors: Zamolo Susanna J. , Darbre Tamis , Reymond Jean-Louis
Published: August 2020

A peptide dendrimer vector is shown to transfect a large CRISPR/Cas9 plasmid into 3D-tumor spheroids with exceptionally high efficiency.
Fine-tuning the chemical state and acidity of ceria incorporated in hierarchical zeolites for ethanol dehydration
Authors: Ketkaew Marisa , Klinyod Sorasak , Saenluang Kachaporn , Rodaum Chadatip , Thivasasith Anawat , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Wattanakit Chularat
Published: August 2020

The chemical state and acidity of ceria incorporated in hierarchical zeolites have been successfully tuned due to the presence of hierarchical structures and interaction between ceria and zeolite supports with different Si/Al ratios.
Aqueous Wittig reaction-mediated fast fluorogenic identification and single-base resolution analysis of 5-formylcytosine in DNA
Authors: Zhou Qian , Li Kun , Yu Kang-Kang , Li Na , Shi Lei , Chen Hao , Chen Shan-Yong , Yu Xiao-Qi
Published: August 2020

Aqueous Wittig reactions in nucleic acids under mild conditions for fluorogenic identification of 5fC and single-base resolution sequencing were studied.
Organic 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone potassium salt with ultrahigh initial coulombic efficiency for potassium-ion batteries
Authors: Deng Qijiu , Tian Congcong , Luo Zongbin , Zhou Yangyang , Gou Bo , Liu Haixuan , Ding Yingchun , Yang Rong
Published: August 2020

A new organic 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone potassium salt (K2C6H2O4) with an ultrahigh initial coulombic efficiency of 96% is proposed as an advanced anode for potassium-ion batteries.
In situXRD analysis of dolomite calcination under CO2in a humid environment
Authors: Medina-Carrasco Santiago , Valverde Jose Manuel
Published: August 2020

In situXRD analysis on the calcination and decrepitation of natural dolomite under pure CO2atmosphere and influence of humidity under conditions relevant for CO2capture.
Oxidative dehydrogenation of propane over transition metal sulfides using sulfur as an alternative oxidant
Authors: Arinaga Allison M. , Liu Shanfu , Marks Tobin J.
Published: August 2020

Sulfur vapor (S2) is explored as a “soft” oxidant for the selective catalytic dehydrogenation of propane to propylene over a variety of metal sulfide surfaces.
Insights into the multiple effects of oxygen vacancies on CuWO4 for photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Guo Wenlong , Wang Ya , Lian Xin , Nie Yao , Tian Shijia , Wang Shanshan , Zhou Yun , Henkelman Graeme
Published: August 2020

For CuWO4, oxygen vacancies can shorten the electron transfer time and boost the water oxidation kinetics, but they aggravate the charge recombination on the surface.
Novel perspectives of laser ablation in liquids: the formation of a high-pressure orthorhombic FeS phase and absorption of FeS-derived colloids on a porous surface for solar-light photocatalytic wastewater cleaning
Authors: Křenek Tomáš , Vála Lukáš , Kovářík Tomáš , Medlín Rostislav , Fajgar Radek , Pola Josef , Jandová Věra , Vavruňková Veronika , Pola Michal , Koštejn Martin
Published: August 2020

Laser ablation in liquid (LAL)-induced functionalization of rough surfaces by photocatalytic FeS-derived particles and LAL-induced formation of a high-pressure FeS phase.
Allylic C–H functionalization via group 9 π-allyl intermediates
Authors: Nelson Taylor A. F. , Hollerbach Michael R. , Blakey Simon B.
Published: August 2020

This perspective presents an analysis of how reagent choice impacts mechanism and regioselectivity in group 9-catalysed allylic C–H functionalization.
Interactions between whey proteins and cranberry juice after thermal or non-thermal processing duringin vitrogastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Rios-Villa Karen A. , Bhattacharya Mrittika , La Ellia H. , Barile Daniela , Bornhorst Gail M.
Published: August 2020

This study entails the possible interactions between whey protein and cranberry juice after processing, impacting either the protein digestibility or the bioaccessibility of cranberry antioxidants using an in vitro gastrointestinal digestion model.
Inhibition of voltage-gated K+ channels mediates docosahexaenoic acid-stimulated insulin secretion in rat pancreatic β-cells
Authors: Bai Tao , Yang Huanhuan , Wang Hui , Zhi Linping , Liu Tao , Cui Lijuan , Liu Wen , Wang Yan , Zhang Min , Liu Yunfeng , Zhang Yi
Published: August 2020

Kv channels play a vital role in DHA-augmented insulin secretion through GPR40/AC/cAMP/PLC signaling pathway in rat pancreatic β-cells.
Single ascospore detection for the forecasting of Sclerotinia stem rot of canola
Authors: Duarte Pedro A. , Menze Lukas , Abdelrasoul Gaser N. , Yosinski Shari , Kobos Zak , Stuermer Riley , Reed Mark , Yang Jian , Li Xiujie S. , Chen Jie
Published: August 2020

Smart-agriculture technologies comprise a set of management systems designed to sustainably increase the efficiency and productivity of farming.
Zn capped Al2O3 and TiO2 nanoporous arrays as pH sensitive drug delivery systems: a combined experimental and simulation study
Authors: Khodabandeh Rokhsareh , Mohammadpour Fatemeh , Zolghadr Amin Reza , Klein Axel
Published: August 2020

pH sensitive nanotube arrays based on Zn capped Al2O3 and TiO2 were reported for the release of vitamin C in an experimental/theoretical study using MD simulations.
Random alloy and intermetallic nanocatalysts in fuel cell reactions
Authors: Zhang Junming , Shen Linfan , Jiang Yanxia , Sun Shigang
Published: August 2020

Engineering the surface/near-surface nanostructure is a promising strategy to improve the electrocatalytic performance of alloys, which can maximize the exposure and utilization of active sites.
Double-headed nucleotides as xeno nucleic acids: information storage and polymerase recognition
Authors: Beck Kasper M. , Krogh Marie B. , Hornum Mick , Ludford Paul T. , Tor Yitzhak , Nielsen Poul
Published: August 2020

Double-headed nucleotides increase the thermal stability of duplexes and are recognized by Therminator DNA polymerase.
Reference-free NOE NMR analysis
Authors: Koos Martin R. M. , Schulz Karl H. G. , Gil Roberto R.
Published: August 2020

A quantitative Nuclear Overhauser Effect (NOE) analysis approach that avoids the use of and internal reference distance to perform molecular configuration selection.
Sequence-defined positioning of amine and amide residues to control catechol driven wet adhesion
Authors: Fischer Lukas , Strzelczyk Alexander K. , Wedler Nils , Kropf Christian , Schmidt Stephan , Hartmann Laura
Published: August 2020

The catechol driven adhesion of precision macromolecules on glass surfaces is quantified by soft colloidal probe readout. Catechol moieties are shown to synergize with amine and amide residues depending on residue spacing and residue order.
Dynamic interaction of fluoroquinolones with magnesium ions monitored using bacterial outer membrane nanopores
Authors: Wang Jiajun , Prajapati Jigneshkumar Dahyabhai , Kleinekathöfer Ulrich , Winterhalter Mathias
Published: August 2020

Divalent cations alter the translocation of antibiotic molecules through the Gram-negative bacteria outer membrane nanopores.
Quantifying internal charge transfer and mixed ion-electron transfer in conjugated radical polymers
Authors: Wang Shaoyang , Easley Alexandra D. , Thakur Ratul M. , Ma Ting , Yun Junyeong , Zhang Yiren , Ober Christopher K. , Lutkenhaus Jodie L.
Published: August 2020

Conjugated radical polymers can exhibit internal electron transfer depending on the radical loading.
Titanium nitride-supported Cu–Ni bifunctional electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction and the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Pan Hanqing , Barile Christopher J.
Published: August 2020

This work reports the fabrication of a bifunctional electrocatalyst capable of catalyzing the CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) and the O2 evolution reaction (OER).
A universal pH range and a highly efficient Mo2C-based electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Huang Jiajia , Wang Jingyi , Xie Ruikuan , Tian Zhihong , Chai Guoliang , Zhang Yanwu , Lai Feili , He Guanjie , Liu Chuntai , Liu Tianxi , Shearing Paul R. , Brett Dan J. L.
Published: August 2020

We designed a series of transition metal-modified molybdenum carbides in nitrogen doped carbon matrix for investigating and boosting the performance of Mo2C-based electrocatalysts in all-pH media by increasing the Mo2+ content in catalysts.
Outdoor sunlight-driven scalable water-gas shift reaction through novel photothermal device-supported CuOx/ZnO/Al2O3 nanosheets with a hydrogen generation rate of 192 mmol g−1 h−1
Authors: Shi Chengcheng , Yuan Dachao , Ma Luping , Li Yaguang , Lu Yangfan , Gao Linjie , San Xingyuan , Wang Shufang , Fu Guangsheng
Published: August 2020

A new photothermal device is constructed by the Cr based selective light absorption film which can heat the 2D CuZnAl to 297 °C under 1 standard sun irradiation, leading to a 192 mmol g−1 h−1 of H2 production rate from 1 sun irradiated WGS reaction.
Biomass-derived nanocarbon materials for biological applications: challenges and prospects
Authors: Karahan H. Enis , Ji Mengdi , Pinilla José Luis , Han Xiaoxing , Mohamed Abdelrhman , Wang Liang , Wang Yilei , Zhai Shengli , Montoya Alejandro , Beyenal Haluk , Chen Yuan
Published: August 2020

This review discusses the current status and future potential of biomass-derived nanocarbons for a wide range of biomedical/environmental applications, including bioimaging, microbial inactivation, wound care, and microbial electrochemical systems.
Insights into the biophysical forces between proteins involved in elastic fiber assembly
Authors: O’Neill Moore Sean , Grubb Tyler Jacob , Kothapalli Chandrasekhar R.
Published: August 2020

The adhesive forces between various proteins involved in elastic fiber assembly were quantified using an atomic force microscope.
Amorphous covalent inorganic–organic hybrid frameworks (CIOFs) with an aggregation induced selective response to UV–Visible light and their DFT studies
Authors: Basharat Majid , Abbas Yasir , Hadji Djebar , Ali Zahid , Zhang Shuangkun , Ma Hanlin , Wu Zhanpeng , Liu Wei
Published: August 2020

Covalent inorganic–organic hybrid frameworks have been rationally designed and systematically investigated for aggregation-induced selective light response based on inorganic heterocycle cyclotriphosphazene.
Structure and function of Pygo in organ development dependent and independent Wnt signalling
Authors: Shi Yan , Wu Xiushan , Zhu Shuoji , Huang Huanlei , Zhuang Jian , Yuan Haiyun , Yuan Wuzhou , Zhu Ping
Published: August 2020

Pygo is a nuclear protein containing two conserved domains, NHD and PHD, which play important roles in embryonic development and carcinogenesis. Pygo was first identified as a core component of the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. However, it has also been reported that the function of Pygo is not always Wnt/β-catenin signalling dependent. In this review, we summarise the functions of both domains of Pygo and show that their functions are synergetic. The PHD domain mainly combines with transcription co-factors, including histone 3 and Bcl9/9l. The NHD domain mainly recruits histone methyltransferase/acetyltransferase (HMT/HAT) to modify lysine 4 of the histone 3 tail (H3K4) and interacts with Chip/LIM-domain DNA-binding proteins (ChiLS) to form enhanceosomes to regulate transcriptional activity. Furthermore, we summarised chromatin modification differences of Pygo in Drosophila (dPygo) and vertebrates, and found that Pygo displayes a chromatin silencing function in Drosophila, while in vertebates, Pygo has a chromatin-activating function due to the two substitution of two amino acid residues. Next, we confirmed the relationship between Pygo and Bcl9/9l and found that Pygo–Bcl/9l are specifically partnered both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm. Finally, we discuss whether transcriptional activity of Pygo is Wnt/β-catenin dependent during embryonic development. Available information indications that the transcriptional activity of Pygo in embryonic development is either Wnt/β-catenin dependent or independent in both tissue-specific and cell-specific-modes.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Damasso M. , Lanza A. F. , Benatti S. , Rajpaul V. M. , Mallonn M. , Desidera S. , Biazzo K. , D’Orazi V. , Malavolta L. , Nardiello D. , Rainer M. , Borsa F. , Affer L. , Bignamini A. , Bonomo A. S. , Carleo I. , Claudi R. , Cosentino R. , Covino E. , Giacobbe P. , Gratton R. , Harutyunyan A. , Knapic C. , Leto G. , Maggio A. , Maldonado J. , Mancini L. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Nascimbeni V. , Pagano I. , Piotto G. , Poretti E. , Scandariato G. , Sozzetti A. , Capuzzo Dolcetta R. , Di Mauro M. P. , Carosati D. , Fiorenzano A. , Frustagli G. , Pedani M. , Pinamonti M. , Stoev H. , Turrini D.
Published: August 2020

Context. Detecting and characterising exoworlds around very young stars (age ≤10 Myr) are key aspects of exoplanet demographic studies, especially for understanding the mechanisms and timescales of planet formation and migration. Any reliable theory for such physical phenomena requires a robust observational database to be tested. However, detection using the radial velocity method alone can be very challenging because the amplitude of the signals caused by the magnetic activity of such stars can be orders of magnitude larger than those induced even by massive planets.

Aims. We observed the very young (~2 Myr) and very active star V830 Tau with the HARPS-N spectrograph between October 2017 and March 2020 to independently confirm and characterise the previously reported hot Jupiter V830 Tau b (Kb = 68 ± 11 m s−1; mb sin ib = 0.57 ± 0.10 MJup; Pb = 4.927 ± 0.008 d).

Methods. Because of the observed ~1 km s−1 radial velocity scatter that can clearly be attributed to the magnetic activity of V830 Tau, we analysed radial velocities extracted with different pipelines and modelled them using several state-of-the-art tools. We devised injection-recovery simulations to support our results and characterise our detection limits. The analysis of the radial velocities was aided by a characterisation of the stellar activity using simultaneous photometric and spectroscopic diagnostics.

Results. Despite the high quality of our HARPS-N data and the diversity of tests we performed, we were unable to detect the planet V830 Tau b in our data and cannot confirm its existence. Our simulations show that a statistically significant detection of the claimed planetary Doppler signal is very challenging.

Conclusions. It is important to continue Doppler searches for planets around young stars, but utmost care must be taken in the attempt to overcome the technical difficulties to be faced in order to achieve their detection and characterisation. This point must be kept in mind when assessing their occurrence rate, formation mechanisms, and migration pathways, especially without evidence of their existence from photometric transits.
Comparisons of day-time and night-time hydroacoustic surveys in temperate lakes
Authors: Girard Michaël , Goulon Chloé , Tessier Anne , Vonlanthen Pascal , Guillard Jean
Published: August 2020

In recent years, due to an increased need for non-intrusive sampling techniques, hydroacoustics has attracted attention in fishery science and management. Efforts to promote standardisation are increasing the accuracy, efficiency, and comparability of this method. The European Water Framework Directive and the Standard Operating Procedures for Fisheries Hydroacoustic Surveys in North American Great Lakes has recommended that surveys be conducted at night. At night, fish usually disperse in the water column, thus allowing for single echo detection and subsequent accurate fish size estimation, while day-time schooling behaviour hampers the estimation of fish size. However, sampling during the day would often be safer and cheaper. This study analyses how fisheries hydroacoustic results differ between day-time and night-time surveys, using data from 14 natural temperate lakes of various size. Data collected during the day and night at two depth layers linked to thermal stratification were compared in terms of acoustic scattering strength, target strength, and biomass estimates. The results showed a significant correlation between day-time and night-time estimates, though biomass in the upper layer was biased for day-time surveys, mainly due to incorrect fish size estimates resulting from rare single echo detections and schooling behaviour. Biomass estimates for the lower depth layer did not significantly differ between the two diel periods. Thus, this study confirms that hydroacoustic sampling in temperate lakes should be performed at night for accurate fish stock biomass estimates.
Assessment of CESE-HLLD ambient solar wind model results using multipoint observation
Authors: Li Huichao , Feng Xueshang , Wei Fengsi
Published: August 2020

For a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics solar wind model, it is necessary to carry out assessment studies to reveal its ability and limitation. In this paper, the ambient solar wind results of year 2008 generated by the CESE-HLLD 3D MHD model are compared with multipoint in-situ measurements during the late declining phase of solar cycle 23. The near-ecliptic results are assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively by comparing with in-situ data obtained at the L1 point and by the twin STEREO spacecraft. The assessment reveals the model’s ability in reproducing the time series and statistical characteristics of solar wind parameters, and in catching the change of interplanetary magnetic field polarity and the occurrence of the stream interaction regions. We find that the two-stream structure observed near the ecliptic plane is reproduced, but the differences among observations at L1 and the twin STEREO spacecraft are not caught by the model. The latitudinal variation of the results is assessed by comparing with the Ulysses observation. The characters of variation in different latitudinal ranges are duplicated by the model, but biases of the results are seen, and the boundary layers between fast and slow solar wind are sometimes thicker than observation.
Differenzialdiagnostik von Störungen der sozialen Interaktion & Autismus im Erwachsenenalter
Authors: Albantakis Laura , Schilbach Leonhard
Published: August 2020

Interaktionell anspruchsvolle Patienten sind eine differenzialdiagnostische Herausforderung, da Beeinträchtigungen der sozialen Interaktion und Kommunikation zwar Kennzeichen der Autismus-Spektrum-Störung sind, aber auch bei anderen psychischen Erkrankungen vorkommen. Dieser Artikel stellt relevante differenzialdiagnostische Überlegungen mit einem Schwerpunkt im Bereich der Entwicklungsstörungen aus Sicht der Erwachsenenpsychiatrie dar.
Barrierefreie Hilfen aus dem Internet für Menschen im Autismus-Spektrum
Authors: Kupferschmitt Alexa
Published: August 2020

Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen gehen überwiegend mit dauerhaften Beeinträchtigungen und psychischen Begleiterkrankungen (z. B. übermäßige Ängste, Phobien, Schlaf- und Essstörungen) einher und viele Betroffene und Angehörige benötigen lebenslange Hilfe und Unterstützung, deren Ausmaß sehr unterschiedlich sein kann. Hierbei ist das Internet eine niedrigschwellige Möglichkeit, Hilfsangebote und Informationen für Betroffene und behandelnde Experten zu finden.
Deep-Plane Approach to the Vertical Platysma Advancement: Technical Modifications and Nuances over 25 Years
Authors: Gordon Neil A. , Sawan Tareq G.
Published: August 2020

In this article, we will provide the reader with the anatomical and embryologic evidence supporting the use of the deep-plane approach in rhytidectomy and insight into the evolution of the technique into the vertical platysma advancement. The original description of the deep-plane technique only described a basic superficial muscular aponeurotic system dissection in the midface with the ability to use tension on the flap without aesthetic consequences. This plane of dissection provides additional advantages not previously described, including access to deeper anatomical structures such as the buccal fat pad, and allows in vivo assessment and treatment of jowling. We describe how extension of this dissection and selective release of facial ligaments allows us to optimize treatment outcomes and longevity, especially in cases of difficult anatomy or revisions. Further advancements include case-specific facial volume enhancement, created by complex flap design, and facial narrowing by preauricular contouring and parotid hypertrophy treatment. Insights into anatomical landmarks, technical nuances, and alternative approaches for facial variations are presented.
Another Look at Platysmaplasty in Facelifting
Authors: Fedok Fred G.
Published: August 2020

Over the history of facial rejuvenation surgery there has been a progressive assimilation of knowledge about the anatomy of neck structures that are central to the manifestations of the aging neck. These advances in knowledge have been accompanied by the innovation and introduction of several surgical techniques to restore the neck to a more youthful appearance. The rejuvenation of the aging neck frequently incorporates a consideration and execution of accepted methods to restore the platysma muscles to a more aesthetic form. Lasting and dependable surgical techniques remain somewhat elusive and late failures in the neck continue to be a frustration for both patients and surgeons.

In this manuscript, the author reviews some of the more enduring and innovative methods to manage the platysma in facelifting and cites the rationale and limitations of the various techniques. The concept of the restoration of an effective platysma “sling” in the upper neck to eliminate platysma bands and recreate a defined jawline is highlighted. A framework of patient evaluation and decision making is presented, and a suggested individualized application of accepted surgical maneuvers is suggested.
The “Segmental SMAS Model”: A Didactic Concept of Face and Neck Lift Anatomy
Authors: Gassner Holger G. , Magdum Ashish A. , Hanga Darinka
Published: August 2020

Profound understanding of the surgical anatomy of the face and neck is the key to successful face lift surgery. The “Segmental SMAS Model” presented herein is the result of a decade-long effort in teaching fellows a logical and coherent anatomic model of face lift anatomy. The superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) consists of segments with distinct surgical characteristics. These are determined by the presence of a deep gliding plane and/or adhesion through fibrous insertions. In this article, we define SMAS segments that are profoundly heterogeneous in their behavior and have surgical implications on the maneuvers required for a deep plane face lift. The present model introduces several novel interpretations of the surgical anatomy of the face and neck lift procedure and hopes to convey a better understanding of face lift anatomy to training surgeons.
Ultrasound-Assisted Rhytidectomy Including Sub-SMAS and Subplatysmal Dissection
Authors: Gentile Richard D.
Published: August 2020

Energy-based facelifting techniques are a relatively new genre of surgery. In this approach, the energy-based device—whether laser, radiofrequency plasma, or ultrasound—can be used in the superficial plane to elevate skin flaps before performing more traditional facelift techniques involving the superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS) or platysma. The initial reports of utilizing fiber lasers as surgical tools date back to approximately 2007 and initial lipolasers were used to elevate facial skin flaps. The other energy-based devices were also tested. The author has probably the largest series of energy-based facial rejuvenation procedures, having performed over 3,000 of these procedures. The advantages of laser-assisted rhytidectomy include hemostasis, facilitated dissection in areas hard to elevate conventionally such as nasolabial folds or distal neck and the remodeling and tightening of tissue that results from the activation of the wound healing cascade of neocollagenesis and wound contraction. The author currently has a preference for energy device used during rhytidectomy and it is a high frequency ultrasound energy delivered by a five-ring 2.9- and 3.7-mm probe. The use of the ultrasound dissector in both superficial and deep procedures is highlighted in this article with emphasis on its use for deep cervicoplasty and subplatysmal procedures as well as sub-SMAS elevations of the facial deep plane.
Temperature dependence of hole transport properties through physically defined silicon quantum dots
Authors: Shimatani N. , Yamaoka Y. , Ishihara R. , Andreev A. , Williams D. A. , Oda S. , Kodera T.
Published: August 2020

For future integration of a large number of qubits and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) controllers, higher operation temperature of qubits is strongly desired. In this work, we fabricate p-channel silicon quantum dot (Si QD) devices on silicon-on-insulator for strong confinement of holes and investigate the temperature dependence of Coulomb oscillations and Coulomb diamonds. The physically defined Si QDs show clear Coulomb diamonds at temperatures up to 25 K, much higher than for gate defined QDs. To verify the temperature dependence of Coulomb diamonds, we carry out simulations and find good agreement with the experiment. The results suggest a possibility for realizing quantum computing chips with qubits integrated with CMOS electronics operating at higher temperature in the future.
Mathematical modeling of spatiotemporal patterns formed at a traveling reaction front
Authors: Yakupov Eduard O. , Gubernov Vladimir V. , Polezhaev Andrey A.
Published: August 2020

In some chemical systems, the reaction proceeds in the form of a propagating wave. An example is the propagation of a combustion wave. At the front of such a wave, different oscillatory regimes and the appearance of spatiotemporal structures can be observed. We propose a qualitative mechanism for the formation of patterns at the front of the reaction. It is assumed that the reason is the interaction of two subsystems, one corresponding to the propagating front and the other describing the emerging patterns. The appropriate mathematical model contains two blocks: for the travelling front, we use a model of the Fisher–Kolmogorov–Petrovsky–Piskunov type, while patterns at the front are described by the FitzHugh–Nagumo type model. Earlier, we applied this approach to explain the occurrence of autowaves—target waves and spirals—at the front of the reaction. In the present paper, we demonstrate in numerical simulations that this approach also works effectively to explain stationary relative to the front patterns, the so-called Turing or cellular structures, that are observed experimentally, in particular, at the front of a combustion wave. We also investigate the dependence of these patterns on the thickness of the front and its speed, as well as on the degree of diffusion instability achieved within the front layer.
Technologies toward next generation human machine interfaces: From machine learning enhanced tactile sensing to neuromorphic sensory systems
Authors: Zhu Minglu , He Tianyiyi , Lee Chengkuo
Published: August 2020

With the prospect of a smart society in the foreseeable future, humans are experiencing an increased link to electronics in the digital world, which can benefit our life and productivity drastically. In recent decades, advances in the Human Machine Interface (HMI) have improved from tactile sensors, such as touchpads and joysticks, to now include the accurate detection of dexterous body movements in more diversified and sophisticated devices. Advancements in highly adaptive machine learning techniques, neural interfaces, and neuromorphic sensing have generated the potential for an economic and feasible solution for next-generation applications such as wearable HMIs with intimate and multi-directional sensing capabilities. This review offers a general knowledge of HMI technologies beginning with tactile sensors and their piezoresistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and triboelectric sensing mechanisms. A further discussion is given on how machine learning, neural interfaces, and neuromorphic electronics can be used to enhance next-generation HMIs in an upcoming 5 G infrastructure and advancements in the internet of things and artificial intelligence of things in the near future. The efficient interactions with kinetic and physiological signals from human body through the fusion of tactile sensor and neural electronics will bring a revolution to both the advanced manipulation and medical rehabilitation.
Interfacial charge transfer exciton enhanced by plasmon in 2D in-plane lateral and van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Mu Xijiao , Sun Mengtao
Published: August 2020

The multi-scale computational method of combining the first-principles calculation and finite element electromagnetic simulations is used to study the plasmon-enhanced interlayer charge transfer (CT) exciton of 2D lateral and van der Waals MoS2/WS2 heterostructures with the 2H phase. The weak interlayer CT excitons are observed in the 2H lateral and van der Waals MoS2/WS2 heterostructures. Theoretical results reveal the physical principle of plexcitons resulting from the strong coupling between plasmons and interlayer CT excitons. The weak CT excitons can be strongly enhanced by a metal plasmon, which provides a way to observe the weak CT excitons. Our results can promote a deeper understanding of the plexciton resulting from strong coupling interaction between the plasmon and the exciton of lateral and van der Waals heterostructures.
Corrigendum to: Condom use among young women in Australia using long-acting reversible contraceptives or other hormonal contraceptives
Authors: Nguyen Julie , Williams Henrietta , McNamee Kathleen , Shafeeu Nabreesa , Vaisey Alaina , Hocking Jane
Published: August 2020

Background:Dual condom and long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) or non-LARC hormonal contraceptive use is the most effective way to protect against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmissible infections (STIs). This study aimed to determine whether condom use varied between users of LARC and non-LARC hormonal contraceptives and explore their motivations for condom use. Methods: Women aged 16–24 years attending a sexual and reproductive health centre in Melbourne, Australia, completed a survey about contraceptives and sexual practices. The proportion of LARC and non-LARC hormonal contraceptive users using condoms was calculated and logistic regression compared condom use between the two groups. Condom use was based on frequency of use and coded as a binary variable ‘never, not usually or sometimes’ versus ‘usually or always’. Results: In all, 294 (97%) women participated in the study; 23.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 19.0–29.1%) used LARC and 41.7% (95% CI 36.0–47.6%) used non-LARC hormonal contraceptives. Condom use was reported by 26.1% (95% CI 16.3–38.1%) of LARC users and by 27.8% (95% CI 19.9–37.0%) of non-LARC hormonal contraceptive users. There was no difference in condom use between groups (odds ratio (OR) 0.9; 95% CI 0.4–1.9). Condom use reduced with increasing relationship length (≥6 months vs no relationship: OR 0.2; 95% CI 0.1–0.6). Non-LARC hormonal contraceptive users were more motivated to use condoms if worried about pregnancy than LARC users (62.8% vs 47.8%; P = 0.04). Conclusion: Condom use was low and similar between users of LARC and non-LARC hormonal contraceptives, and was associated with the length of the relationship. These results highlight the need to promote condom use when prescribing LARCs and non-LARC hormonal contraceptives to reduce the risk of STIs.
The structures of cyclic aminals from aldehydes and “roofed” mono-N-sulfonyl cis-diamines
Authors: Adhi Laksana Anugerah , Fukuda Satoshi , Fukushi Yukiharu
Published: August 2020

Racemic Aldehydes were converted into aminals by using “roofed” mono-N-sulfonyl cis-diamines. Diastereomeric aminals could be separated by silica-gel TLC. The whole configuration of each aminal could be determined by NMR analyses. The chiral reagents were prepared from aminals of racemic reagents and a chiral aldehyde. The reverse may be also true. Epimerization of some aminal remains to be solved.

Abbreviations: RDA-Ms: N-(12-amino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracen-11-yl)-methylsulfonamide; RDA-Ts: N-(12-amino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracen-11-yl)-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide; RDA-1Nps: N-(12-amino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracen-11-yl)-1-　naphthylsulfonamide; RDA-2Nps: N-(12-amino-9,10-dihydro-9,10-ethanoanthracen-11-yl)-2-naphthylsulfonamide
Eutrophication sources, impacts and management: A case study from Abu Dhabi
Authors: Rajan Anbiah , Al Raisi Azza , Thankamony Rajasekhar , Perumal Ponpandi , Al Hosani Shaikha
Published: August 2020

Human activities and coastal development driven by economic growth in countries bordering the Arabian Gulf have increased marine pollution, including eutrophication. In response to growing concerns, the Environment Agency- Abu Dhabi initiated a long-term monitoring survey (2006 to 2019) to study the marine water quality of Abu Dhabi, including the Mussafah South Channel (MSC). This confined area is of eutrophic nature, under pressure due to receiving approximately 400,000 m3 of treated sewage per day and continuous algal blooms incidents with maximum concentration of 18 x 107 cells l−1. Observations made on physical, chemical, and biological parameters, such as temperature (18 -35 °C), salinity (28 – 70 psu), pH (5 to 9), and dissolved oxygen (0.02 – 13 mg l−1) revealed abnormal conditions and a stratified water column. The nutrient values, particularly nitrate (2.90 – 866.06 Mol l−1) and phosphate (1.68 -98.24 Mol l−1), were many times higher than Abu Dhabi’s reference values (3.55 Mol l−1 and 1.58 Mol l−1, respectively) which confirmed its eutrophic nature. Algal blooms were frequently recorded, and were associated with widespread harmful impacts, including hypoxic events (oxygen levels of 0.02 mg l−1), finfish kills (Nematalosa nasus) and subsequent loss of benthic organisms. The deterioration of water quality in the MSC is probably due to the anthropogenic activities, insufficient treatment of municipal and industrial wastewater discharges. Extensive sediment load may also have exacerbated the situation and contributed to eutrophication and subsequent alteration of the ecosystem. The sources, composition and consequences of nutrient enrichment along with the management actions are also discussed in detail.
Molecular testing for the study of non-syndromic hearing loss
Authors: Morgan Anna , Gasparini Paolo , Girotto Giorgia
Published: August 2020

Objective

Hearing loss (HL) is the most common sensory disorder, with more than 460 millions of people affected worldwide. Among the genetic cases of HL, Non-Syndromic Hearing Loss (NSHL) accounts for the majority of them, and its diagnosis still represents a challenge for both clinicians and geneticists. In the present work we reviewed the current approaches employed for the genetic study of this heterogeneous disorder, providing specific recommendations intended to help scientists in reaching the correct molecular diagnosis in NSHL patients.

Methods

A review of the most widespread approaches for the study of NSHL has been performed, with an eye on the common difficulties that geneticists and clinicians can encounter in the diagnostic process.

Results

An accurate clinical evaluation together with the application of a multi-step approach, based on next-generation sequencing technologies and copy number variations assays, represents the most effective strategy for the molecular diagnosis of NSHL.

Conclusion

NSHL is a high genetically heterogeneous condition that required proper technological platforms, as well as trained staff with a deep knowledge of its genetic background for the identification of the correct molecular diagnosis.
Enforced Performance in Common Law Versus Civil Law Systems: An Empirical Study of a Legal Transformation
Authors: Anidjar Leon Yehuda , Katz Ori , Zamir Eyal
Published: August 2020

Legal systems differ about the availability of specific performance as a remedy for breach of contract. While common law systems deny specific performance in all but exceptional cases, civil law systems generally award enforcement remedies subject to some exceptions. However, there is an ongoing debate about the extent to which the practice of litigants and courts actually reflects the doctrinal divergence. An equally lively debate revolves around the normative question: Should the injured party be entitled to enforced performance or rather content itself with monetary damages? Very few studies have used qualitative methods, vignette surveys, or incentivized lab experiments to empirically study these issues, and none has quantitatively analyzed actual court judgments. Against the backdrop of the comparative law and theoretical debates, this Article describes the findings of a quantitative analysis of judgments concerning remedies for breach of contract in Israel during a sixty-nine-year period (1948–2016). The judicial and scholarly consensus is that the Remedies Law of 1970 revolutionized Israeli law by turning enforced performance from a secondary, equitable relief to the primary remedy for breach of contract. We nevertheless hypothesized that no such revolution has actually occurred. In fact, neither the common wisdom that the resort to enforced performance has significantly increased following the 1970 Law, nor our skeptic hypothesis that no such increase has occurred, were borne out. According to our findings, the resort to enforced performance actually decreased considerably after 1970. We examine several explanations for this result, and show that this unexpected phenomenon is associated with the increasing length of adjudication proceedings. The theoretical and policy implications of these findings are discussed.
Resurrecting the debate on ‘due process paranoia’ in Centrotrade: Paranoia or Judiciousness?
Authors: Saha Soumyajit , Shukla Smriti
Published: August 2020

Recently, the Hon’ble Supreme Court of India in Centrotrade Minerals and Metals Inc v Hindustan Copper Ltd, rejected an application for non-enforcement of a foreign award and justified its ‘pro-enforcement’ bias. The Apex Court was of the opinion that there was no due process violation as the arbitrator provided enough opportunities to the parties to present the case but the respondent failed to abide by the timelines. Although, the Court has correctly interpreted the scope of due process but unfortunately, failed to address the repeated extension of arbitral proceeding at the cost of efficiency and speed. On a closer study, the Apex Court’s ruling resurrects a puzzling question of the arbitrator’s perceived reluctance to reject dilatory tactics of the respondent during arbitral proceeding. This article examines the implications of the ruling on arbitrators as they may be more exposed to the unscrupulous attempts of the parties to wilful delay under the garb of ‘due process paranoia’.
A-01 Objective and Subjective Cognitive Declines as Complementary Symptoms of Early Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Kiselica A , Benge J , Kaser A , Small B , Webber T
Published: August 2020

Objective

Subjective and objective cognitive declines are given equal weight as symptoms of pre-mild cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease by recent research criteria. However, the overlap of these constructs is unclear. We used standardized regression-based (SRB) change to define subtle objective cognitive decline across serial neuropsychological assessments. We then examined the associations between objective change and subjective cognitive complaints. Finally, we investigated the impact of different symptom combinations on rates of classification for the early stages of the Alzheimer’s Continuum.

Method

Data from 1,341 cognitively intact older adults with serial Uniform Data Set 3.0 Neuropsychological Battery assessments (6–24-month follow-ups) were used to compute SRB declines at the following z-scores cut-points: −1.282, −1.645, and − 1.96. We used Chi-square tests and Cohen’s kappa statistics to evaluate the relationship between SRB change and presence/absence of subjective cognitive decline at follow-up. We also examined the prevalence rates of different symptom combinations in an amyloid positive sample (n = 29).

Results

The base rate of having at least one significant SRB decline ranged from 26.00% to 59.40%. Subjective cognitive decline was positively associated with SRB-defined decline in the normative sample, though agreement was limited (= − .01–.10). SRB decline with no subjective decline occurred in 0.0–37.90% of amyloid positive participants, while 3.40–37.90% had subjective but not objective decline. 37.90–79.30% of amyloid positive participants exhibited either SRB or subjective decline.

Conclusions

Subjective and objective cognitive declines appear to represent unique symptom classes and should be separately considered when staging patients on the Alzheimer’s Continuum.
A-08 Examination of Three Functional Living Scales Using Item Response Theory Modeling in a Mixed Sample
Authors: Goette W , Carlew A , Schaffert J , Rossetti H , Lacritz L
Published: August 2020

Objective

Characterize three functional living scales under item response theory and examine these scales for evidence of differential item functioning (DIF) by participant and/or informant ethnicity and education.

Method

Baseline data from 3155 participants [Mage = 70.59(9.55); Medu = 13.3(4.26); 61.72%female] enrolled in the Texas Alzheimer’s Research and Care Consortium with data from the Clinical Dementia Rating Scale (CDR; functional items), Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (PSMS), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Scale (IADL) were used. The sample was predominately white (93.94%) and 35.97% identified as Hispanic. Graded response models fit all three tests best. DIF was examined by iteratively dropping item-by-item constraints and then testing model fit.

Results

The CDR demonstrated overall good item functioning with clear separation between all of the rating categories for each item, while the PSMS and IADL did not, suggesting the item ratings should be reconsidered. DIF was observed by ethnicity (Hispanic v. non-Hispanic) and education (separated into low, average, high) for every item on all three scales (all ps ≤ .01 after adjustment for multiple observations). Hispanic ethnicity and higher education subjects were more likely to be rated as more impaired.

Conclusions

Results suggest these three commonly used functional scales have DIF depending on the ethnicity and education of the patient. This finding has implications for understanding functional change in certain populations, particularly the potential for mischaracterization of impairment in minority samples. The finding that individuals with higher education tended to be rated as more functionally impaired warrants further investigation.
A-10 Self-Reported Post-Concussive Symptom Levels as Predictors of Performance Validity in a Sample of Active Duty Service Members with a History of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Trotta J , Hungerford L , Agtarap S , Ettenhofer M
Published: August 2020

Objective

The study investigated the relationship between levels of symptom reporting and performance validity testing (PVT) in Active Duty Service Members (ADSM) with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Method

A total of 70 ADSM with a history of mTBI completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI); the PTSD Check List for DSM-5 (PCL-5), Headache Impact Test (HIT-6), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ8), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C); and a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation including the Test of Memory Malingering (TOMM). A multiple regression was conducted with all self-reported symptom questionnaires as predictors of PVT performance. To further explore this relationship, the four NSI subscales (affective, cognitive, vestibular, somatosensory) plus the mild Brain Injury Atypical Symptoms (mBIAS) subscore were entered into a separate regression analysis.

Results

The NSI was the only significant predictor of TOMM Trial 1 performance (TOMMT1; R2 = .272, F(6,58) = 3.606, p < .01; β = −.615, p > .01). When the four NSI subscales (affective, cognitive, vestibular, somatosensory) plus the mild Brain Injury Atypical Symptoms (mBIAS) subscore were entered into a separate regression analysis, only the somatosensory subscore emerged as a significant predictor of TOMMT1 (R2 = .208, F(5,63) = 3.317, p < .05; β = −.384, p > .05).

Conclusions

Results suggest that performance validity measures in ADSM with mTBI may at times be more strongly influenced by patients’ health concerns than by overt dissimulation.