bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mice misunderstand tilt during translational motion: evolution of the otolith- ocular reflex and a new index for assessing the otolith-ocular reflex in mice
Authors: Harada Shotaro , Imai Takao , Takimoto Yasumitsu , Ohta Yumi , Sato Takashi , Kamakura Takefumi , Takeda Noriaki , Kitahara Tadashi , Kondo Makoto , Shimada Shoichi , Inohara Hidenori
Published: April 2021

In the interaural direction, translational linear acceleration is loaded during lateral translational movement and gravitational acceleration is loaded during lateral tilting movement. These two types of acceleration induce eye movements via two kinds of otolith-ocular reflexes to compensate for movement and maintain clear vision: horizontal eye movement during translational movement, and ocular counter roll during tilting movement. Although the two types of acceleration cannot be discriminated, the two otolith-ocular reflexes can distinguish them effectively. In the current study, we tested whether lateral-eyed mice exhibit both of these otolith-ocular reflexes. In addition, we propose a new index for assessing the otolith-ocular reflex in mice. During lateral translational movement, mice did not show appropriate horizontal eye movement, but exhibited unnecessary vertical ocular counter roll-like eye movement that compensated for the angle between the body axis and gravito-inertial acceleration (GIA; i.e., the sum of gravity and inertial force due to movement) by misunderstanding GIA as gravity. Using the new index (amplitude of vertical component of eye movement) / (angle between body axis and GIA), the mouse otolith-ocular reflex can be assessed without determining whether the otolith-ocular reflex is induced during translational movement or during tilting movement.
Promoting physical literacy and 24-hour movement in Hong Kong primary school children through a blended classroom-based intervention: protocol and baseline characteristics of the “Stand+Move” cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Ming Hui , Sum Raymond Kim Wai , Sit Cindy Hui Ping , Wong Stephen Heung Sang , Wing Yun Kwok
Published: April 2021

BackgroundAs traditional classroom furniture contributes to children’s predominant sitting during class, the study aimed to demonstrate the design and baseline characteristics of a three-armed intervention program, which targeting on enhancements in children’s physical literacy, physical activity, sleep and executive function through constructing an active classroom environment in primary schools. The blended approach involves an organized physical activity participation during recess combining with the environmental changes during class in response to the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines in children and the emphasis on nurturing children’s physical literacy in Hong Kong primary schools.MethodsThis blended “Stand + Move” intervention adopted a cluster-randomized controlled trial (RCT) design to investigate its effectiveness on health-related aspects and to compare: 1) a PA recess intervention group; 2) a blended (sit-stand desks and PA recess) experimental group; and 3) a control group. In total, 81 students were recruited and randomly assigned to the three groups for a period of 13 weeks (from March to September, 2019). The primary outcome is the children’s physical literacy and physical activity. The secondary outcome is the children’s sleep and executive functions.ResultsAmong 81 participants enrolled at baseline, 40.7% of participants were boys and 59.3% were girls. The mean of age is 9.6 years [SD = 0.61, range 9.0–12.0]. There was no evidence of significant differences between trial arms at baseline concerning both the primary outcomes and secondary outcomes (all P = 0.06–0.89). Of all, 22.4% met the recommended PA guideline, 36.8% met the sleep guideline, resulting in only 10.5% met both guidelines, and children’s executive functions were evaluated in three aspects of inhibition, executive control, and planning. Over a half of the participants reported satisfactory in their perceived sleep quality.DiscussionThe designed intervention is regarded as an innovative strategy to reconstruct children’s traditional classroom environment in Hong Kong. The baseline results suggest that the implementation of this study design was satisfactory. Therefore, it is expected to benefit the children’s behavior-related health as well as the stakeholders in schools and families, and also provide the desired evidence to support policymaking reforms in teaching and learning strategies.Trial RegistrationChiCTR, ChiCTR2000035038. Registered 29 July 2020 – Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/hvshowproject.aspx?id=46038
Postpartum Early EMDR Therapy Intervention (PERCEIVE) Study for Women After a Traumatic Birth Experience: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hendrix Yvette M.G.A. , Dongen Karlijn S.M. van , Jongh Ad de , Pampus Mariëlle G. van
Published: April 2021

Background. Up to 43% of women perceive giving birth as traumatic which may result in the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or related symptoms. Negative and traumatic childbirth experiences can also lead to fear of childbirth, avoiding or negatively influencing a subsequent pregnancy, mother-infant bonding problems, problems with breastfeeding, depression and reduced quality of life. For PTSD in general, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy has proven to be effective. However, little is known about the preventive effects of early intervention EMDR therapy in women after a traumatic birth experience. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of early intervention EMDR therapy in preventing PTSD and reducing PTSD symptoms in women with a traumatic birth experience. Methods. The PERCEIVE-study is a randomized controlled trial. Women suffering from the consequences of a traumatic birth experience will be randomly allocated at maximum 14 days postpartum to either EMDR therapy or “care-as-usual”. Patients in the EMDR condition receive two sessions of therapy between fourteen (T0) and thirty-five days postpartum. All participants will be assessed at T0, and at nine weeks postpartum (T1). At T1 all participants will undergo a CAPS-interview about the presence and severity of PTSD symptoms. The primary outcome measure is severity of PTSD symptoms, whereas the secondary outcomes pertain to fear of childbirth, mother-infant bonding, breastfeeding, depression and quality of life. The study will be conducted at a large city hospital and at several midwifery practices in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Discussion. It is to be expected that the results of this study will provide more insight about the safety and effectiveness of early intervention EMDR therapy in the prevention and reduction of PTSD (symptoms) in women with a traumatic birth experience. Trial registration. Trial register. NL73231.000.20. Registered on August 21, 2020. https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/8843
Antialdosterone in Acute Myocardial Infarction patients: a Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Chen Qiao , Li Zhuqing , Zhao Die , Sun Jie , Wang Yiling , Wang Yanxin , Yin Xuemei , Feng Jiaxin , Lu Chengzhi
Published: April 2021

Purpose: A comprehensive evaluation of the benefits of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRA) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients is lacking. We aimed to summarize the evidence on the efficacy and safety of MRA in post-AMI patients.Methods: Articles were identified through PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Ovid (Medline1946-2021) and ClinicalTrials.gov databases from their inception to Dec 31, 2020. Results: MRA reduced the risk of all-cause mortality by 16% (relative ratio(RR) 0.84, 95% confidence interval(CI) (0.76,0.94), P=.002), new or worsening heart failure (HF) 14% (RR 0.86, 95%CI (0.78,0.96), P=.007), death from HF by 22% (RR 0.78, 95%CI (0.62,0.99), P=.04), and cardiovascular death by 16% (RR 0.84, 95%CI (0.74,0.94), P=.003) in post-AMI patients. Meanwhile, all-cause mortality was reduced by 38% (RR 0.62, 95%CI (0.42,0.90), P=.01), 30% (RR 0.70, 95%CI (0.49,1.00), P=.05), and 29% (RR 0.71, 95%CI (0.59,0.86), P=.0004) in ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients and those who initiated MRA treatment within 3 days and (3,7) days, respectively. Post-AMI patients without left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) treated with MRA improved left ventricular ejection fraction (mean difference[MD] 2.74, 95%CI (2.49,2.99), P<.00001) and reduced left ventricular end-systolic and end-diastolic volume indices (MD -6.23, 95%CI (-10.93,-1.52), P=.009; MD -3.13, 95%CI (-5.79,-0.47), P=.02). The corresponding RR were 1.73 (95%CI (1.44,2.08), P<.00001) for considered common side effects (hyperkalemia and gynecomastia).Conclusion: Our findings suggest that all-cause mortality is lower in STEMI patients and in patients initiating MRA within 7 days, and that post-AMI patients without LVSD have improved left ventricular remodeling and cardiac function.
Increased rate of introduction of non-native plants in China since 2002 driven by intentional introductions
Authors: Ni Ming , Deane David C
Published: April 2021

The history of plant introductions in China is inextricably associated with globalization and trade. There have been two periods where China has opened to the world, punctuated by periods of isolation. Here, we compare historical rates of introduction from 1840–2011 and ask how the rate of introduction of non-native plants has changed and how intentional and non-intentional introductions compare. The highest rate of introductions occurred between 1900 and 1940, where mean annual introduction was 8.7 plant species. Plant introductions post 2002 occurred at the second highest rate, but this was still little over half the earlier period at 4.4 plant species per year. In both periods, intentional introductions contributed the greatest proportion, and intentional and non-intentional introductions shared similar temporal trajectories.
WITHDRAWN: Impact of Hydraulic fracturing on Mineralogy on Change in Micro and Nano Porosity and Permeability of Shales
Authors: Zhang Di , Meegoda Jay , Silva Bruno Goncalves da , HU Liming
Published: April 2021

Hydraulic fracturing is widely applied to economical gas production from shale reservoirs. Still, the gradual swelling of the clay micro/nanopores due to retained fluid from hydraulic fracturing causes a gradual reduction of gas production. Four different gas-bearing shale samples were investigated to quantify the expected shale swelling due to hydraulic fracturing. These shale samples were subject to heated deionized (DI) water at 100°C temperature and 1.2 MPa pressure in a laboratory reactor for 72 hours to simulate shale softening. The low-temperature nitrogen adsorption and density measurements were performed on the original and treated shale to determine the micro and nanopore structure change. The micro and nanopore structures changed during shale swelling, and the porosity decreased after shale treatment. The porosity decreased by 4% for clayey shale, while for well-cemented shale the porosity only decreased by 0.52%. The findings showed that the initial mineralogical composition of shale plays a significant role in the swelling of micro and nanopores and the pore structure alteration due to retained fluid from hydraulic fracturing. A pore network model was used to compare the permeability due to shale softening. The permeability results show a reduction from 3.76E-16 m2 to 2.62E-17 m2 after treatment based on the simulations.
Subtle Breaks In Attachment: Invisible Trauma And The Emergence Of Bulimia Nervosa
Authors: Saunokonoko Antonia , Mars Michelle , Sattmann-Frese Werner
Published: April 2021

Background: It is known that complex traumatic experience contributes to the emergence of bulimia nervosa (BN). Yet cognitive behavioural therapy, with or without medication, remains the western medical model’s treatment of choice, regardless of its poor long-term outcomes. Incidence of BN is rising, whilst treatment success eludes most sufferers. This research set out to dig deep into the lived experience of BN in order to uncover new clues linking BN’s aetiology to treatment options; and the research argues for the adoption of trauma-informed protocols for BN, as these fit more effectively with causation. Taking the previously under-researched, but known-to-be significant father-daughter relationship as its starting point, the research reveals a raft of new findings pointing to the pervasive consequences of subtle attachment trauma in this relationship. In light of this, the research informs a clear recommendation for a trauma-informed treatment approach and provides hope for those living with the condition. Methods: A hermeneutic phenomenological, detail-rich study of women in recovery from BN was carried out. A qualitative study was considered to be in sufficient contrast to existing research approaches as to offer up the greatest possibility of new insights into BN. Results: Subtle attachment failures, present in the father-daughter relationship, strongly contribute to complex traumatic experience and are instrumental in the development of BN. Many of these attachment failures lack the overtly dramatic nature of abuses such as physical violence, yet create powerful pre-conditions for the development of bulimic symptomatology. They are rooted in safety-seeking and survival aspects of the attachment bond, causing confusion in aspects of self-worth and anxiety about belonging. The resulting uncertain search for secure nurturing is directly reflected in the push-pull dynamic of the binge/compensation cycle of BN. Conclusions: BN arises in response to complex traumatic experience as a survival mechanism aimed at ensuring psychological and physical protection. Complex traumatic experience is, however, a multi-faceted concept in which subtle breaks in father-daughter attachment play a pivotal role. Therefore, adopting a staged, multi-modal complex trauma treatment model, aimed at building safety, agency and relationship skills for those seeking help, may offer hope for more successful treatment outcomes.
De novo missense variants in the PPP2R5D gene associated with Parkinson's disease in Chinese Han population
Authors: Yang Xinglong , Ning Pingping , Huang Hongyan , Li Kelu , Zhu Yongyun , Yin Weifang , Ren Hui , Xu Yanming
Published: April 2021

Recent studies have reported an association between PPP2R5D mutations and early-onset levodopa-responsive parkinsonism. However, there was lack of comprehensive analysis of this gene in large Parkinson’s disease(PD) cohort.The aim of this study was to examine the frequency and spectrum of PPP2R5D mutations in a Han Chinese cohort with early- or late-onset PD. We sequenced all 17 exons of PPP2R5D and their flanking intron regions in 668 sporadic PD patients. Novel variants detected were validated based on genomic databases and verified using genetic data from unrelated controls. Three of the 668 PD patients carried three novel, unique PPP2R5D exonic variants(p.R91S,p.E8A,p.R523L).These variants were predicted to be “disease- causing” by mutation taster and all three mutations were found to be highly conserved across species. Our study identified three novel, rare PPP2R5D variants among Han Chinese PD patients, which broadens the spectrum of PPP2R5D mutations potentially associated with the disease.
Advanced Classical Optical Filters with Three Waveguide Coupled Sagnac Loop Reflectors
Authors: Arianfard Hamed , Wu Jiayang , Juodkazis Saulius , Moss David
Published: April 2021

We theoretically investigate advanced multi-functional integrated photonic filters formed by three waveguide coupled Sagnac loop reflectors (3WC-SLRs). By tailoring the coherent mode interference, the spectral response of the 3WC-SLR resonators is engineered to achieve diverse filtering functions with high performance. These include optical analogues of Fano resonances that yield ultrahigh spectral extinction ratios (ERs) and slope rates, resonance mode splitting with high ERs and low free spectral ranges, and classical Butterworth, Bessel, Chebyshev, and elliptic filters. A detailed analysis of the impact of the structural parameters and fabrication tolerances is provided to facilitate device design and optimization. The requirements for practical applications are also considered. These results theoretically verify the effectiveness of using 3WC-SLR resonators as multi-functional integrated photonic filters for flexible spectral engineering in diverse applications.
A Diffusion Tensor Imaging study to compare normative fractional anisotropy values at the lumbar spine with patients suffering from low back pain
Authors: Nayak Kaushik , K Lakshmikanth H , Kotian Rahul P , Yadav Sushil
Published: April 2021

Background: Backache radiating to the limbs is the most common cause for nerve root compression which can lead to several functional abnormalities. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides valuable information regarding the size, shape, location and impact of disc herniation on the nerve root fibres, so MRI is used in the diagnosis of the disc herniation but inconsistencies were seen between the clinical symptoms and MRI findings. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of lumbar nerve root fibres reduces the number of false positive and false negative findings and thus increases the concordance between clinical and imaging findings. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values ranges from 0 and 1 which describes the degree of anisotropy of a diffusion process. The current study explored the difference in FA values between subjects suffering from with and without low back pain using DTI.Materials and Methods: 45 patients with low backache and 45 controls were employed to evaluate changes of the lumbar spine using DTI derived FA values. A Philips Achieva 1.5 Tesla MRI unit was used for data collection. In the present study we evaluated both FA and Apparent Diffusion Co-efficient (ADC) values in six regions of the lumbar spine.Results: Patients with low backache showed differences in FA values compared to control group. Descriptive data analysis was done using SPSS software version 20.0. However the values did not follow normal distribution so Mann Whitney U test was used to correlate FA and ADC values in both the groups. Significant differences were found in FA at both sides of the L4 vertebrae. We also found significant differences in ADC at the left side of L3 and right side of the L4 vertebrae.Conclusion: : Our findings indicate that DTI and FA can be used in patients with low backache for early detection and treatment. The affected side of the spine showing symptoms of the nerve roots showed significant reduction in FA and slight increase in ADC values.
Does the energy content of a body depend upon its inertia?
Authors: Kumar Sunny
Published: April 2021

In this article, the mass-energy equivalence is analyzed based on the total energy content & inertia of a body. The analysis included quantum energy formalization with relativity. The finding suggested that photons have absolute mass to justify their momentum.
Supply versus demand of health care facilities in a competitive context: Case of tuberculosis care in Douala-Cameroon
Authors: Yakam Andre Nana , Fosso Prisca Koncy , Njocke Martin , Bowong Samuel , Fono Louis Aime , Noeske Jürgen
Published: April 2021

Background

Identifying the socio-economic factors associated with the supply and the demand of health facilities (HF), can contribute to the decision-making of the creation of the HF. This study aims to contribute to this issue, in the competitive context of the tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment centres (DTC), and to describe the spatial distribution of the residence of TB patients and DTC, to understand the DTC attendance’ rate in the city of Douala, Cameroon.
Methods

The Spatial analysis was performed to access the spatial-economic model hiding behind the distribution of the “observed” number of patients attending the DTCs compared to the “expected” number. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression and the analysis of variance were used to identify the factors associated to the demand and supply of DTCs respectively.
Results

The decentralization policy advocated by the national program against tuberculosis (NTP) is not always followed by the patients: The “expected” and the “observed” number of patients in DTCs are not correlated. The attendance of DTCs in Douala is in accordance with the spatial-economic theory models of Salop and Hotelling, which is an artefact. Patients seeking treatment in DTCs closer to their residence are mainly women and patients from relative poor households, while attendance of DTC was associated with the quality of service and the level of the HF.
Conclusion

Attendance HF is dictated by the spatial-economic theory models. The policy of creating HF for TB is not followed by patients in competitive context. Attendance of HF by TB patients is associated with socioeconomic factors;
Sensory and Nutritional Characteristics of Concept Frozen Desserts Made from Underutilized Sweetpotato Roots
Authors: Kim Shinyoung , Meyers Stephen L. , Silva Juan L. , Schilling M. Wesley , Wood Lurdes Siberio
Published: April 2021

A traditional dairy-based frozen dessert (ice cream) was developed with three levels of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) puree [20%, 30%, and 40% (by weight)] to determine the impact of sweetpotato content on product functionality, nutritional content, and sensory characteristics. Increased sweetpotato puree resulted in increased orange color, flavor intensity, and sweetpotato flavor, but 40% puree proved difficult to incorporate into the mixture. Additionally, nondairy frozen desserts containing 30% sweetpotato puree were compared with a milk-based control in which all ingredients were the same except that milk was replaced with soy (Glycine max) and almond (Prunus dulcis) milk. Consumer acceptability tests were conducted with panelists at Mississippi State University (n = 101) and in Pontotoc, MS (n = 43). Panelists in Pontotoc rated the overall acceptability of all three frozen desserts the same, but they preferred the appearance of the milk-based frozen dessert over that of soy- and almond-based milk alternatives. According to the panelists at Mississippi State, the milk-based frozen dessert had greater overall acceptability and aroma than the almond-based dessert and a preferential texture and appearance compared with the soy- and almond-based desserts. Milk-, soy-, and almond-based frozen desserts were rated as “slightly liked” or better by 92%, 80%, and 69% of the panelists, respectively.
Renewable energy sources: New opportunities for thermoelectric generators
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Shelekhov Igor Yu. , Dorofeeva Natalia L. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Smirnov Evgeniy I. ,   LLC "Thermostat", Dorofeeva Anna A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: April 2021

The work sets out to analyse the application of new technologies in the design of thermoelectric systems, as well as to compare classical thermoelectric systems with those characterized by a spatial orientation of heat-transfer sides. New thermoelectric systems are increasingly competing with con-ventional methods of converting energy up to several hundred watts. In order to expand the application of thermoelectric systems, new design methods and solutions providing for a more efficient conversion of heat losses into useful energy should be developed. This work presents the results of a comparative analysis of a classical thermoelectric module and a thermoelectric module with a spatial orientation of the sides. It is shown that the efficiency of the latter is 36% and 43% higher than that of the former at currents of 4A and 8A, respectively. According to the findings, the efficiency of thermoelectric modules depends primarily on technical solutions in their design and engineering, rather than on the electro-physical characteristics of thermoelectric junctions. In order to increase the efficiency of thermoelectric systems, future work should be aimed at improving the design of thermoelectric modules. The applica-tion of new technologies in manufacturing thermoelectric modules allows the mutual influence of heated and cooled surfaces to be eliminated and the area of heat dissipation to be significantly expanded. The possibility of generating higher power values increases the efficiency of thermoelectric modules and expandsthe scope of their application, substituting conventional heat pumps.
O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL NO JULGAMENTO DOS CONFLITOS AMBIENTAIS PELO TRIBUNAL REGIONAL FEDERAL DA 2ª REGIÃO
Authors: Araújo João Augusto Carneiro
Published: April 2021

O artigo analisa o desenvolvimento sustentável no Tribunal Regional Federal da 2ª Região em uma pesquisa jurisprudencial, espécie de abordagem empírica que estuda o modo como os juízes e tribunais compreendem, interpretam e aplicam o sistema normativo aos diversos conflitos sociais. Partindo da consciência de que o ser humano é dependente de um meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado para a sua existência digna no planeta, sem descuidar da necessidade de se promover a justiça social e alcançar a eficiência econômica, o trabalho apresenta o posicionamento do Tribunal em relação ao desenvolvimento sustentável, levando-se em consideração que os Estados abrangidos pela jurisdição do referido Tribunal (Rio de Janeiro e Espírito Santo) possuem relevante área ambiental, ampla biodiversidade e diversos recursos naturais renováveis e não renováveis, distribuídos em uma extensa faixa litorânea, com variadas comunidades marinhas. Para tanto, aborda o aspecto qualitativo dos dados que envolvem o tema proposto a partir da apreciação do conteúdo das decisões proferidas na solução dos conflitos ambientais nos anos de 2016 a2018, cujo recorte temporal permite uma análise suficiente e adequada para os fins deste trabalho, sendo uma fonte relativamente recente para apresentar o atual quadro do tema na realidade judicial daqueles Estados. Os dados da pesquisa apontaram o critério de resolução das lides ambientais, demonstrando a visão do Tribunal no sentido da necessidade de se equilibrar a importância do desenvolvimento das atividades econômicas, e seus respectivos benefícios sociais, com a proteção ambiental. A pesquisa revelou alguns aspectos preocupantes, a exemplo da ausência de aprofundamento dos conceitos inerentes ao desenvolvimento sustentável nos julgados apreciados, o que justifica a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento constante da promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável no julgamento dos conflitos socioambientais.
Causas de fallecimiento en pacientes con COVID-19 en la Ciudad de México
Authors: González-Ramírez Juan Antonio
Published: April 2021

El COVID-19 ha causado millones de fallecimientos en el Mundo desde su aparición en Wuhan, China a finales de 2019. Llegó a México a inicio de 2020 donde ha llegado a tener una de las mortalidades más altas del mundo y la Ciudad de México es no solamente la ciudad más grande del país, sino una de las más grandes del mundo. Afortunadamente la información sobre pacientes con COVID-19 en la Ciudad de México es pública y su análisis puede proporcionar información valiosa para establecer políticas públicas y para tomar decisiones personales. La evidencia disponible sobre los pacientes con COVID-19 en la Ciudad de México sugiere que tanto la edad, el género y las condiciones previas de salud tienen un efecto considerable en su tasa de mortalidad.
Método: En este trabajo se reportan los resultados de un estudio descriptivo basado en datos que se obtuvieron el 28 de julio de 2020 de un sitio público del Gobierno de la Ciudad de México que reporta información sobre los pacientes con sospecha de tener COVID-19. Solamente se analizaron los casos confirmados con COVID-19. Para calcular la proporción de casos y fallecimientos por rango de edad, se usó la pirámide poblacional de la Ciudad de México. Para obtener la proporción de casos y fallecimientos en relación con la población, se ajustaron los casos y fallecimientos con base en los reportados por CONACYT. Se calculó la frecuencia de casos y fallecimientos por rango de edad usando un programa de hoja de cálculo. Con el mismo programa se obtuvieron tablas y gráficas.
Resultados y Discusión: La edad, el género y las condiciones previas de salud tienen un efecto considerable en la tasa de mortalidad de aquellos pacientes confirmados con COVID-19, de manera que las personas mayores, los hombres y las personas con ciertas condiciones previas de salud, tales como hipertensión y diabetes, tienen mayor riesgo de muerte que las personas jóvenes, las mujeres y las personas sin condiciones previas de salud. Por mencionar algunos ejemplos, se muestra que respecto al efecto de la edad,  los pacientes de 61 a 70 años tienen el doble de probabilidad de fallecer que aquellos de 51 a 60 años; respecto al efecto del género, los hombres de 51 y 60 años tienen el doble de probabilidad de morir que las mujeres en el mismo rango de edad y respecto al efecto de las condiciones previas de salud, las mujeres con hipertensión tienen una probabilidad de fallecer seis veces más alta que aquellas sin alguna condición previa de salud.
Conclusión: De acuerdo con la información disponible que fue analizada en este trabajo, la edad, el género y las condiciones de salud previas son causas importantes de fatalidad entre los pacientes de COVID-19 en la Ciudad de México.
Comparing the Efficacies of Bisphosphonates’ Therapies for Osteoporosis Persistence and Compliance: A Systematic Review
Authors: Almohaileb Faisal I. , Rasheed Zafar
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disorder
worldwide. This review was undertaken to compare the efficacies of bisphosphonates
therapies for patient persistence and compliance for the treatment of osteoporosis.

Methods:

A systematic review was performed in accordance with the available reporting
items. MEDLINE and Cochrane library databases were applied for literature searched up to
January 2020. All major studies such as prospective, retrospective and review articles that
examined patient persistence or compliance to bisphosphonates for osteoporosis were
included.

Results:

The literature search found 656 relevant published reports, out of which 87 were
included. The 10, 712, 176 osteoporotic patients were studied for patient persistence and
5, 875, 718 patients were studied for patient compliances. Analysis of all studied
bisphosphonates showed almost similar patterns for patient persistence rates as it was
decreased over the time following initial prescription, but persistence length was found to
be significantly higher for alendronate therapy as compared to the other studied
bisphosphonates (p<0.001), whereas the length of persistence of all other
bisphosphonates (other than alendronate) were almost same (p>0.05). Analysis of patient
compliances with etidronate therapy showed the highest percent medication possession
ratio (MRP) at 12 months, followed by the MRPs of ibandronate, alendronate, risedronate,
and clodronate.

Conclusions:

This is the first systematic review that shows the comparison of the
efficiencies of bisphosphonates for patient persistence and compliance for the treatment of
osteoporosis. The data showed that the length of patient persistence was highest for
alendronate therapy, whereas patient compliance was highest for etidronate therapy for the
treatment of osteoporosis.
Weight Loss and the Risk of Dementia: A Meta-analysis of Cohort Studies
Authors: Wang Chao , Fu Wenning , Cao Shiyi , Jiang Heng , Guo Yingying , Xv Hongbin , Liu Jianxin , Gan Yong , Lu Zuxun
Published: April 2021

Background:

Weight loss is a common phenomenon among the elderly and is identified
as an important indicator of health status. Many epidemiology studies have investigated the association
between weight loss and dementia, but the results were inconsistent.

Objective:

To examine and determine the association between weight loss and the risk of dementia.

Methods:

Eligible cohort studies involving weight loss and dementia were searched from PubMed,
Embase, and Ovid databases through October 2018. Pooled relative risks (RRs) with its 95% confidence
intervals (CIs) were used to estimate the effects of weight loss on the risk of dementia. Subgroup
and sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity.
The Begg’s test and Egger’s test were used to assess the publication bias.

Results:

A total of 20 cohort studies with 38,141 participants were included in this meta-analysis.
Weight loss was significantly associated with the risk of dementia (RR=1.26, 95% CI=1.15-1.38).
BMI decline ≥0.8 units (RR=1.31, 95% CI=1.10-1.56) and ≥4% (RR=1.19, 95% CI=1.03-1.38)
could increase the risk of dementia. The risk of all-cause dementia for people with weight loss increased
by 31% (RR=1.31, 95% CI=1.15-1.49), and 25% higher for incident Alzheimer’s disease
(RR=1.25, 95% CI=1.07-1.46). Weight loss in participants with normal weight had a similar dementia
risk (RR=1.21, 95% CI=1.06-1.38) with the overweight individuals (RR=1.22, 95%
CI=1.11-1.34).

Conclusion:

Weight loss may be associated with an increased risk of dementia, especially for
Alzheimer's disease. Maintaining weight stability may help prevent dementia.
Characteristics of Egg White Effervescent Tablet with Different Effervescent Mix Concentration
Authors: Wulandari Zakiah , Pamungkas D. R. , Hamasyah Hamasyah , Polii B. N.
Published: April 2021

Egg white is one source of protein that has many functions, including as an antimicrobial, antihypertensive, anti-cancer, and this can also be used as a preservative and sweetener. The addition of egg white powder to effervescent tablets with lemon essence is expected to increase protein levels in the tablet. The purpose of this study was to study the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics of effervescent tablets by adding egg white powder to the formulation. The study design used a randomized block design (RBD) with the making period as a group. The treatments used were different concentrations of effervescent mix (sodium bicarbonate, citric acid and tartaric acid), that is, 55, 60 and 65%. Data from the test results were tested with analysis of variance (ANOVA), further tests with the Duncan test. The physical characteristics of effervescent tablets with the addition of egg white powder and the difference in the concentration of effervescent mix as a treatment were not significantly different among treatments. The chemical characteristics of egg white effervescent tablets did not change with the treatment concentration of effervescent mix 55, 60 and 65% but the water activity (aw) of the effervescent tablets changed. Increasing the concentration of effervescent mix treatment can reduce the value of aw from 0.58 to 0.50. The addition of albumen powder with different concentrations of effervescent mix resulted in effervescent tablets according to predetermined standards. The organoleptic test results on the overall assessment of egg white powder effervescent tablets were somewhat favorable
IPBES para ciudadanos: breve aproximación a la Plataforma Intergubernamental Científico-Normativa sobre Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos
Authors: Ramos Franco Albaluz , Cabrera Ruiz Leyde Katerine
Published: April 2021

La Plataforma Intergubernamental Científico-Normativa sobre Biodiversidad y Servicios Ecosistémicos (IPBES) un órgano multilateral de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas que busca involucrar el conocimiento científico en las decisiones políticas de los Estados Parte. La IPBES está constituida por cinco secciones no jerarquizadas que tienen la tarea de reunir y evaluar toda la información mundial sobre los temas priorizados para elaborar una serie de informes (llamados Evaluaciones), los cuales serán la principal herramienta de los estados para la creación de políticas, normas y programas en pro de la conservación de la biodiversidad. Las Evaluaciones hechas hasta el momento abarcan los temas de polinización y polinizadores, escenarios y modelos de biodiversidad y servicios ecosistémicos, degradación y restauración de la tierra, evaluación regional de biodiversidad y servicios ecosistémicos para cada continente y la Evaluación Global de biodiversidad y servicios ecosistémicos. A partir de sus resultados, se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre las acciones que la sociedad, la comunidad científica y los tomadores de decisiones pueden ejercer para contribuir a la conservación de la biodiversidad y sus servicios ecosistémicos.
Results of Modified Mini-Open Arthroscopically Assisted Bristow - Latarjet - Bankart Procedure
Authors: Gladkov R. V. , Khominets V. V.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study — to evaluate clinical outcomes, complications, bone-block healing, positioning and subscapularis muscle insufficiency after modified mini-open arthroscopically assisted Bristow - Latarjet - Bankart procedure.Materials and Methods. The study included 133 patients who underwent modified mini-open arthroscopically assisted Bristow - Latarjet - Bankart procedure, assessed the functional outcome using the Rowe and Walch-Duplay scales, the range of motion and stability of the joint, and the function of the subscapularis muscle. All patients underwent CT, 82 patients were assessed for MR-signs of subscapularis muscle atrophy.Results. All patients were satisfied with the treatment results. The mean value on the Rowe scale increased from 35.7 [31,2; 41,0] to 91.3 [82,1; 96,8] (38 to 100 Me 90) (p0.001) and on the Walch-Duplay scale from 41.5 [34,2; 44,5] to 88.9 [80,4; 97,2] (32 to 100, Me 88) (p0.001). In 2 (1.5%) patients, shoulder dislocation recurred, in 9 (6.8%) patients, a positive test of premonition of dislocation or periodic feelings of instability were observed. There were no persistent contractures. In 6 (4.5%) cases, the graft was located medially and in 3 (2.3%) cases — laterally. The average α-angle was 14° [5°; 24°] (2° to 39°, Me 15). The proportion of the graft area lost due to resorbtion was 19% [9%; 30%] (from 6 to 58%, Me 20). Nonunion of the graft was observed in 4 (3.0%) patients, 2 (1.5%) of whom had a fracture and bone block migration. A significant (p = 0.021) decrease in the intensity of the MR-signal of the subscapularis muscle was observed, most pronounced in the lower portion. In 9 patients with a positive test of anticipation of dislocation or sensations of instability, the degree of bone block resorption (p = 0.038) and MR-signs of atrophy of the upper and lower portions of the subscapularis muscle were significantly higher (p = 0.031 and p0.001), and the results of stress testing significantly worse (p0.001) than in 122 patients without signs of instability.Conclusion. The results of this study show the efficacy of the modified arthroscopically-assisted Bristow - Latarjet - Bankart procedure in patients with large bone defects, when the soft tissue technique is not a reasonable option.
Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: Short-Term Results
Authors: Murylev V. Yu. , Erokhin N. E. , Elizarov P. M. , Kukovenko G. A. , Muzychenkov A. V. , Alekseev S. S. , Ivanenko L. R.
Published: April 2021

Background. Among the methods of surgical treatment of early stages medial knee osteoarthritis in the partial knee replacement (PKR) becomes more and more relevant. The relevance and increasing number of PKR are confirmed by data from various national registers.The aim of the study was to research the early functional results of PKR and to analyze the complications at various stages of the postoperative period.Material and Methods. Study design: a single-center prospective study. The results of 90 operations of PKR in the period from March 2018 to April 2020 are presented. Assessment of knee function and quality of life of patients was performed according to three scalesquestionnaires: KOOS, WOMAC, SF-36, which were filled in preoperatively and then at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months. after surgery. Patients within the reporting period provided X-rays and filled in the scales at the face-to-face examination and at remote contact.Results. The most significant improvement of quality of life and median values of the functional results observed after 3 months, and after 18 months. After replacement the best median functional outcome scales KOOS, WOMAC, SF-36 — 79,4 (73,6–84,3); 27,1 (24,8–30,6); 89,1 (85,3–92,6) compared with the functional results obtained before surgery 32,3 (22,8–38,4); 73,6 (63,6–78,8); 35,2 (31,3–42,1); p = 0,027; p = 0.023; p = 0,028, respectively. A negative correlation was obtained between BMI and functional outcome (p = 0.027, R = -0.7).Conclusion. PKR allowed us to achieve an improvement in the quality of life and functional results already in the early postoperative period (from 3 to 18 months after the operation). The improvement of the operating technique, the analysis of errors and the regularity of the performed PKR will improve the results of PKR and minimize the number of complications.
Stimulation of Distraction Osteogenesis in Limb Lengthening: Our Concept
Authors: Shevtsov V. I. , Leonchuk S. S.
Published: April 2021

Background. Currently, limb lengthening is a widespread operation used in clinical and cosmetic practice. However, in the process of implementing this technology, its main drawbacks were revealed: the duration of treatment and the slowing down of the process of osteogenesis in the elongation zone. Rapid distraction in the external fixator or with an intramedullary rod can lead to a slowdown in osteogenesis and soft tissue complications, including neuropathy and soft tissue eruption.The aim — to develop a present its own concept of stimulating distraction osteogenesis in limb elongation, based on many years of clinical experience.Materials and Methods. This study is based on the long-term experience of the Ilizarov Center in limb lengthening (using data from clinical and experimental studies performed in the institution: more than 200 animals and 8000 patients), as well as literature data.Results. The introduction of the considered methods of stimulation of osteogenesis made it possible to significantly reduce the treatment time of patients and thereby reduce the number of possible complications characteristic of transosseous osteosynthesis. Systemic diseases, congenital malformation of the segment can negatively affect the quality of the new bone.Conclusions. The use of methods of stimulation of osteogenesis allows to reduce treatment time and increase osteogenesis when limb lengthening, which allows, if necessary, to provide re-lengthening of the segment without increasing treatment time.
Bioactivity Experimental Studies of Composite Materials Promising for Use in Traumatology and Orthopedics: Review
Authors: Rerikh V. V. , Sinyavin V. D.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study — to determine the properties of modern bioactive composite materials that have the greatest advantage for use in traumatology and orthopedics, particularly in spine surgery.Material and Methods. We performed a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Medline, eLIBRARY and Semantic Scholar. The keywords “implants”, “biomaterials”, “composites”, “tissue engineering”, “scaffolds”, “graphene”, “hydrogels”, “3D bioprinting” were used to identify papers examining the topic of interest. We included comparative studies published from 2010 to 2020 in our review. The following properties were evaluated in papers: biotolerance, bioactivity, osteoconductivity, osteoinductivity, osteostimulation, mechanical strength.Results. Special attention is paid to the creation of composites. Composites are made by combining two or more materials to achieve biochemical and biomechanical properties. In composites production, a certain place is occupied by the technology of 3D bioprinting, thanks to which it is possible to develop an individual implant according to a given situation.Conclusion. The combination of composite materials properties indicating on their bioactivity and mechanical strength, as well as the use of 3D techniques to design the geometric forms of implants, provide a high potential for use in traumatology and orthopedics, particularly in spinal surgery.
Establishing Machine Learning Models to Predict Curative Resection in Early Gastric Cancer with Undifferentiated Histology: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Bang Chang Seok , Ahn Ji Yong , Kim Jie-Hyun , Kim Young-Il , Choi Il Ju , Shin Woon Geon
Published: April 2021

Background

Undifferentiated type of early gastric cancer (U-EGC) is included among the expanded indications of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD); however, the rate of curative resection remains unsatisfactory. Endoscopists predict the probability of curative resection by considering the size and shape of the lesion and whether ulcers are present or not. The location of the lesion, indicating the likely technical difficulty, is also considered.

Objective

The aim of this study was to establish machine learning (ML) models to better predict the possibility of curative resection in U-EGC prior to ESD.

Methods

A nationwide cohort of 2703 U-EGCs treated by ESD or surgery were adopted for the training and internal validation cohorts. Separately, an independent data set of the Korean ESD registry (n=275) and an Asan medical center data set (n=127) treated by ESD were chosen for external validation. Eighteen ML classifiers were selected to establish prediction models of curative resection with the following variables: age; sex; location, size, and shape of the lesion; and whether ulcers were present or not.

Results

Among the 18 models, the extreme gradient boosting classifier showed the best performance (internal validation accuracy 93.4%, 95% CI 90.4%-96.4%; precision 92.6%, 95% CI 89.5%-95.7%; recall 99.0%, 95% CI 97.8%-99.9%; and F1 score 95.7%, 95% CI 93.3%-98.1%). Attempts at external validation showed substantial accuracy (first external validation 81.5%, 95% CI 76.9%-86.1% and second external validation 89.8%, 95% CI 84.5%-95.1%). Lesion size was the most important feature in each explainable artificial intelligence analysis.

Conclusions

We established an ML model capable of accurately predicting the curative resection of U-EGC before ESD by considering the morphological and ecological characteristics of the lesions.
Trajectories of Change in an Open-access Internet-Based Cognitive Behavior Program for Childhood and Adolescent Anxiety: Open Trial
Authors: March Sonja , Batterham Philip J , Rowe Arlen , Donovan Caroline , Calear Alison L , Spence Susan H
Published: April 2021

Background

Although evidence bolstering the efficacy of internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) for treating childhood anxiety has been growing continuously, there is scant empirical research investigating the timing of benefits made in iCBT programs (eg, early or delayed).

Objective

This study aims to examine the patterns of symptom trajectories (changes in anxiety) across an iCBT program for anxiety (BRAVE Self-Help).

Methods

This study’s participants included 10,366 Australian youth aged 7 to 17 years (4140 children aged 7-12 years; 6226 adolescents aged 12-17 years) with elevated anxiety who registered for the BRAVE Self-Help program. Participants self-reported their anxiety symptoms at baseline or session 1 and then at the commencement of each subsequent session.

Results

The results show that young people completing the BRAVE Self-Help program tend to fall into two trajectory classes that can be reliably identified in terms of high versus moderate baseline levels of anxiety and subsequent reduction in symptoms. Both high and moderate anxiety severity trajectory classes showed significant reductions in anxiety, with the greatest level of change being achieved within the first six sessions for both classes. However, those in the moderate anxiety severity class tended to show reductions in anxiety symptoms to levels below the elevated range, whereas those in the high symptom group tended to remain in the elevated range despite improvements.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that those in the high severity group who do not respond well to iCBT on a self-help basis may benefit from the additional support provided alongside the program or a stepped-care approach where progress is monitored and support can be provided as necessary.