bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In‐vitro Comparative Absorption of Creatine Compounds
Authors: Morgan Shane , Ericson Clayton , Hartle Jennifer W
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to compare the absorption of two creatine sources in a Caco‐2 in‐vitro model designed to mimic the intestinal absorption of creatine when administered as a dietary supplement. A new proprietary source of creatine, Creatine UltraPower™ (CUP), creatine monohydrate (CRE) and a negative control were evaluated for relative absorption of creatine. Caco‐2 cells (ATCC HTB‐37) were used to seed transwell plates. After seeding, cells were allowed to differentiate for 21 days prior to absorption experiments. Membrane integrity in the transwell was verified by trans‐epithelial electrical resistance measurements just prior to running the assay. Cells were rinsed with warm PBS and creatine test solutions were then applied to apical wells. Concentration of creatine in each of the test solutions was 0.42% (w/v) which delivered 349 μmol of creatine to the apical side of the cell. The cells were allowed to incubate for 2 hours. After incubation, the basal fluids were collected and analyzed for creatine concentration by HPLC using an isocratic method on a C18 column, with detection at 201 nm. CUP showed the highest creatine concentration (0.562±0.00686 mg/mL), which was significantly higher than CRE (0.294±0.00463 mg/mL) (p<0.05). Absorption of both creatine forms were both significantly higher than the negative control. These findings suggest that CUP is absorbed better than CRE in a cell culture model and is transferred to the basal side of the cell layer, which suggests that there is more creatine available for biological functions.

Support or Funding Information

Albion
Examining the Relationship Between Iron Status and Physical Performance in Chinese Women
Authors: Pompano Laura Marie , Haas Jere D.
Published: November 2023

Background

Iron deficiency is the most common micronutrient deficiency in the world. Iron deficiency without anemia has been shown to impair adult physical performance in laboratory settings. Usually, impaired physical performance in iron deficiency and anemia is attributed to decreased oxygen transport due to low hemoglobin (Hb) levels. However, literature suggests that iron deficiency without anemia also impairs physical performance, though the mechanism for this is not well understood. Moreover, participation in exercise training has been shown to negatively affect iron status in women, suggesting an intricate, but currently undefined, relationship between iron status, exercise, and physical performance capacity.

Objective

To examine the relationship between varying levels of iron status and physical performance in Chinese university women.

Methods

This study examines the baseline of a randomized control trial in which 400 women were screened for iron depletion with no or mild anemia (sFer < 30 μg/L and Hb >9.0g/dL). This analysis is based on 93 women who met these criteria at baseline. Linear regression models were used to evaluate the relationship between iron status and physical performance outcomes, measured as maximal oxygen uptake during cycle ergometry exercise (VO2peak).

Results

At baseline, 67% of women had depleted iron stores (sFer < 20μg/L) and 4% were iron depleted anemic (sFer <20 μg/L and Hb <11.0 g/dL). The means ± sd for sFer, Hb, and VO2peak per kg were: 13.1 μg/L ± 13.6, 13.4 g/dL ± 10.4, and 42.3 mL/min/kg ± 7.8, respectively. In the baseline sample, sFer significantly predicted VO2peak (p=0.015), with each 1.0 μg/L increase in sFer predicting a 0.13 mL/kg/min increase in VO2peak. This significant effect of ferritin persisted when baseline Hb level was included as a covariate. Hb was not a significant covariate in this model nor was it a significant predictor of VO2peak alone.

Conclusions

The data from this cross‐sectional analysis suggest that iron deficiency without anemia may affect VO2peak. This effect is independent of the effect of Hb. These findings support previous research from our lab. Additionally, the findings justify this population being appropriate for studying the effects of iron repletion in combination with exercise training in the subsequent randomized control trial. These findings also suggest a currently undefined impact of iron deficiency in physical performance outside of oxygen delivery to muscle. Further analyses of changes in performance outcomes (VO2peak and energetic efficiency) should clarify the roles of iron status and aerobic training in physical performance.

Support or Funding Information

Fulbright Student Grants, Cornell Lehman Fund for Scholarly Exchange with China, Foreign Language Area Studies, Cornell Human Ecology Alumni Association, Cornell College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Alumni Association, N.S. Meinig Professorship
Nutrition Resource Associations with Food Security Parameters among Mexican‐Heritage Seniors: A Structural Equation Model Analysis
Authors: Bustillos Brenda Diane
Published: November 2023

Older adults who are food insecure are at greater risk for hunger and poor nutritional health which may be mitigated by nutrition resource strategies. The purpose of this cross‐sectional study was to establish explanatory models for nutrition resource correlates of food security. Data were collected by convenience sample from February 2013 to July 2013 on 577 seniors (ages 60 and older) of Mexican heritage in rural colonias in four geographical areas (Alton, San Carlos, Progreso, and Penitas) of Hidalgo County in the Lower Rio Grande Valley of Texas. Variables for food purchasing, food preparation, food resource management and coping strategies, and food and nutrition program participation were entered into multivariate regression models predicting food security status. A structural equation model for senior food security was developed that underscored the interrelation between nutrition resource strategies and food security status. Significant associations were found between food resource management, coping strategies and food nutrition program participation and household food security among Mexican‐heritage seniors.
ASSOCIATION OF HOUSEHOLD FOOD INSECURITY, NUTRITIONAL STATUS, ENERGY AND NUTRIENTS INTAKE IN FEMALE‐HEADED HOUSEHOLDS FROM CULIACAN, SINALOA, MEXICO
Authors: Ochoa Dora Alicia , Osuna‐Ramirez Ignacio Alicia , Pérez‐Escamilla Rafael , Plazas‐Guerrero Carolina Gabriela , De Jesús Vergara‐Jiménez Marcela
Published: November 2023

Food insecurity is a problem that affects a large number of female‐headed households. Balanced diet is a key factor for good health and inadequate intake of calories and macronutrients significantly contributes to malnutrition, nutritional deficiencies, obesity and related chronic diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between food insecurity level (FIL), nutritional status and energy and macronutrients intake in female‐headed households from Culiacan, Sinaloa, Mexico. From a 2400 poor female‐headed household population that receives food assistance, 319 were randomly selected to make a representative sample. FIL was measured using the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). Nutritional status by the World Health Organization criteria using the BMI as reference and the energy and macronutrient consumption by a 24‐hour dietary recall and food frequency questionnaire. Our results demonstrated that 96.5% of the women had some degree of food insecurity (41.08%, 35.03% and 19.75% has mild, moderate and severe FIL respectively). 50.7% were overweight, 32.2% obese, 16.56% normal weight and none of them were underweight. There was no relationship between FIL and waist circumference, but it was a positive association between FIL and waist‐hip‐ratio (p=0.016), which is well known to be associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases. Energy intake was 60% more than RDA. Carbohydrates, proteins and lipids consumption were higher than the RDA (31, 20 and 140% respectably). Female headed households with FIL showed some parameters associated with malnutrition and that could be a risk factor to develop metabolic diseases.
Nutritional Impact of “Cruzada Nacional Contra el Hambre” in México
Authors: Rosas Verónica Mundo , Levy Teresa Shamah , Gómez‐Humarán Ignacio Méndez , Tapia Brenda Martínez
Published: November 2023

The “Cruzada Nacional Contra el Hambre (CNCH)” is a strategy of inclusion and social welfare that aims to combat poverty, malnutrition and social marginalization in Mexico. CNCH is implemented in this presidential period (2012–2018).

Objective

To study the impact of the CNCH over the preschool children stunting.

Methods

A comparative study during two evaluation stages was done in 2300 children under five years old (CNCH intervention (n=1500) and control (n=800), at the beginning and end (after 12 mo) of the study. The design of the study was a random, probabilistic and national representative sample of all the country. A difference in differences estimator was used along with a logistic regression analysis, adjusting by diet diversity and food insecurity (FI) variables.

Results

generally stunting prevalence was greater as the FI severity increased. In CNCH beneficiaries group, stunting prevalence decreased from the first evaluation stage to the second one, mainly in those who were classified as moderated and severe FI. For every increasing unit in diet diversity, height for age Z‐score raised 0.25 (p=0.03) moreover this score decreased in the presence of FI at household level.

Conclusion

CNCH showed a positive effect in the growth of beneficiary children, associated this to a greater diet quality. It is advisable to continue the assessments to identify and enhance actions contributing to improve the food and nutritional status of the population.
Food Purchasing Patterns of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) Participants
Authors: Sanjeevi Namrata , Freeland‐Graves Jeanne H
Published: November 2023

Participants of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) have been reported to have a lower diet quality as compared to income‐eligible nonparticipants. Since grocery purchases have a major impact on the type of foods consumed, this study will investigate food purchasing patterns of SNAP participants by analysis of their grocery receipts. A total of 110 subjects participating in SNAP were recruited from the Partner Agencies of the Capital Area Food Bank of Texas. The demographics questionnaire was administered to subjects to record their ethnicity, age, date of receipt of SNAP benefits, amount of household SNAP benefits, household size, age of each household member, and marital status. The grocery receipts from household purchases for 1 month were collected from subjects. Foods were divided into 29 food categories, and the household percentage expenditure for each food category was identified. The Thrifty Food Plan (TFP) 2006 was utilized to determine the recommended percentage expenditure that can be spent on 29 food categories for each participating household. Descriptive statistics were used to indicate demographic characteristics. A Wilcoxon signed rank t‐test was conducted to determine differences between actual household food expenditure and the recommended expenditure for 29 food categories. The mean age of participants was 32.3 yrs and 60% of the participants were Hispanic. The SNAP benefits accounted for 83% of the household grocery expenditures for the entire month, while cash and WIC benefits represented 16% and 1% of the grocery expenditures, respectively. The household percentage expenditure was significantly lower than the TFP recommendation for the following food categories: whole fruits, dark green and orange vegetables, whole grains, soup, and low fat dairy. In contrast, expenditures were significantly higher than the recommendations for refined grains, red meat, bacon, sausage and lunch meats, frozen entrees, sugar and candies, and sodas and fruit drinks. This study demonstrates that SNAP benefits serve as the major resource for grocery purchases in this population. However, the type of foods purchased by SNAP participants does not meet the recommendations stipulated by the TFP. Thus, it is vital to provide nutrition education to SNAP participants to improve their food purchasing choices.

Support or Funding Information

Bess Heflin Centennial Professorship in Nutrition
Advancing the Science of Dietary Patterns Research: Developing a Framework and Leveraging a Complex Systems Approach
Authors: Reedy Jill , Hammond Ross , Hennessy Erin , Krebs‐Smith Susan M.
Published: November 2023

“Dietary patterns” refers to a way of conceptualizing myriad diet exposures as a multidimensional construct. It is important because the collective elements of the diet may have synergistic and/or cumulative effects. Traditionally, dietary patterns have been defined as “the quantities, proportions, variety, or combination of different foods, drinks and nutrients in diets, and the frequency with which they are habitually consumed,” and that definition typically has been applied to what individuals are eating at a given point in their lives. The objective of this presentation is to describe how enhanced understanding may be gained from developing a dietary patterns framework that expands that definition to include additional layers of information other than nutrition, multiple levels of the environment beyond the individual, and the entire lifecourse rather than a point in time. The major reasons for conducting dietary patterns were found to be threefold: to describe dietary patterns for a population, to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and health and to understand the drivers of dietary patterns to ascertain the best means of affecting change. Given the challenges inherent in a multi‐layered, multi‐dimensional construct that 1) can be examined at multiple levels of scale, 2) varies over time for any given individual as well as among individuals, 3) results from a complex system with numerous drivers and 4) influences multiple outcomes, this presentation will further illustrate how the field of complex systems modeling may provide useful methods for addressing the various types of dietary patterns research.
Partnership between a historically black college and a community health and wellness center to engage African American men in community participatory research and the development of biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Sedighi Rashin , Jegede Olugbemiga E. , Pinder Jamilla , Sumner Susan J. , Harrison Scott H. , Newman Robert H. , Ongeri Elimelda Moige
Published: November 2023

African American communities disproportionately bear the burden of complications of diabetes. Early intervention can significantly improve the prognosis. Progress in overcoming disparities has been partially impaired by mistrust between the African American community and researchers. For this reason, minority men are often underrepresented in biomedical research studies that serve as the basis for the development of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapeutics. Overcoming this disparity calls for the development of culturally sensitive approaches that leverage partnerships with health care providers in minority serving clinics. A unique level of trust exists between African American communities and Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). HBCU's are thus in a unique position to develop partnerships with clinical researchers to increase participation of African American men in research to promote healthy living and develop biomarkers for diseases that disproportionately affect their communities. In the current study, North Carolina A&T State University, one of the largest HBCU's in North Carolina, has partnered with the Cone Health Community Health and Wellness Center to build infrastructure to engage African American men in community participatory research. The research is designed to: (i) empower African American men to prevent and/or manage diabetes in order to prevent progression to complications, such as diabetic nephropathy and (ii) to increase collection of biological samples from African American men for biomarker development. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the most common complication of diabetes and is the leading cause of end stage renal disease. With the rising incidences of obesity, diabetes is becoming an epidemic in the African American community. While efforts are being made to develop biomarkers for early diagnosis of DN, participation of African American men in these studies has been minimal. By partnering with a community clinic that serves uninsured and underinsured patients, many of whom are from minority ethnic groups, we were able to engage diabetic African American men in biomedical research and collect biological samples for development of biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy. These samples will be subjected to proteomic and metabolomics analysis to identify biomarkers of diabetic nephropathy representative of the African American male population.

Support or Funding Information

NIH/NIHMD #U54MD008621 Sub‐Award # HU‐14004NIH/NIHMD U54MD008621 Sub‐Award # HU‐150006
Usual Dietary Intake among Children 2–5 Years in a Community at High Risk for Obesity: Comparison to Age‐Matched NHANES Data, 2009–2012
Authors: Markides Brittany Reese , Crixell Sylvia Hurd , Biediger‐Friedman Lesli
Published: November 2023

Approximately 32% of US children are overweight or obese. The burden of childhood obesity is not carried evenly, however, and disparities in obesity rates have been documented across different geographic locations in the US. For example, children in San Marcos, TX in Hays County, the fastest growing city in its size category in the US, are at exceptional risk for obesity, as evidenced by a 58% incidence of overweight or obesity among seventh graders. Dietary intake is the prime modifiable factor of body weight, however the current literature on usual dietary intake is derived from national surveillance data which cannot reflect regional nuances.

Conducted as a part of a community‐needs assessment for a Best Food for Families, Infants, and Toddlers (Best Food FITS) community‐based intervention, the primary aim of this study was to determine usual dietary intakes among children 2–5 years attending childcare in Hays County, TX and compare them to age‐matched data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2009–2012. The secondary aim of this study was to analyze NHANES data to determine whether dietary intake of children attending childcare differed from those who did not.

Dietary intake was collected from a convenience sample drawn from Hays County preschoolers, ages 2–5, by conducting 24‐hour recalls using Nutrition Data System for Research. The National Cancer Institute method was used to estimate usual intakes in Hays County preschoolers (n=124) and in age‐matched participants of NHANES (n=1736). Food groups assessed included whole fruit, fruit juice, total vegetables, dairy, fluid milk, protein‐rich foods (meat, poultry, seafood, nuts, legumes), and calories from solid fat and added sugar. Subgroup estimates of usual intake were modeled using race, household income, age, and gender as covariates.

Intakes of fruit, whole grains, dairy, protein‐rich food groups, and calories from added sugars and solid fat were observed to be significantly greater among children in Hays County compared to age‐matched NHANES participants. Analysis of NHANES data for children 2–5 years revealed that children who attended childcare had significantly greater intakes of whole fruit, vegetables, and whole grains compared to children who did not. Overall, distributions of dietary intake regionally and nationally did not meet recommended guidelines: >90% of children did not consume recommended amounts of whole grains and vegetables and >70% of children did not consume recommended amounts of fruit.

These results suggest that children participating in childcare may have an advantage with respect to dietary quality. Interventions in Hays County will focus on increasing fruit, vegetables, and whole grains and reducing calories from added sugars and solid fat.

Support or Funding Information

Texas State University Research Enhancement Program Grant
The Effects of Omega‐3 Supplementation on the Lipid Profile and Adipose Indices in Hispanics with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Mota Christy Veronica , Perez‐Paquien Ivette , Firek Anthony , Beeson W. Lawrence , Cordero‐MacIntyre Zaida R , De Leon Marino
Published: November 2023

Background

Individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) tend to be obese with an altered lipid profile characterized as a small dense LDL, low HDL and elevated triglyceride levels. Several studies have demonstrated the benefits of consuming omega‐3 fatty acids found in certain fish and other foods to improve lipid profiles. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of supplementing omega‐3 fatty acids on lipid profiles in participants of the Diabetes education program targeting Hispanics with DM2.

Methods

Prospective three‐month study with 40 Hispanic DM2 participants (males=16, females=24) who were provided 1.0 gram of daily dietary omega‐3 supplement while undergoing diabetes education. Adipose indices were measured using a dual energy x‐ray absorptiometry, lipid profiles measured by routine clinical methods, and anthropometric measurements by trained personnel. Non‐parametric alternatives were used to calculate median differences (medd) between baseline and 3 month follow‐up on adipose indices and lipid profiles.

Results

There was a significant reductions in glucose (medd= −4.50mg/dL, p=0.0212), hemoglobin A1C (medd= −0.10%, p= 0.0012), percent trunk fat (medd= −1.0%, p= =0.0134), LDL (: medd= −5.0mg/dL, p=0.0111) and total percent fat (medd= −0.50%, p= 0.0452). There was a significant increase in total lean + bone mineral content (medd=760.55g, p= <0.0001). Total body weight was not significantly lowered (medd= −0.88kg, p= 0.37) and HDL was not significantly changed (medd= 0mg/dL, p= 0.69).

Conclusion

Providing omega‐3 fatty acid supplementation to participants in a diabetes education program was associated with an improved glycemic control and reduced LDL cholesterol. Trends in improved body composition were noted after only 3 months. These reported changes may relate to improved lifestyle and the addition of omega 3 fatty acids supplementation although the specific contribution of each require additional studies.

Support or Funding Information

NIH award: 5P20MD006988
Higher Diet Quality and Decreased Inflammation in Young Women
Authors: Chen Qiong , Cramoy Carolyn C , Magner Raymond , Ronnenberg Alayne G , Bertone‐Johnson Elizabeth R , Troy Lisa M
Published: November 2023

Inflammation is associated with chronic disease risk such as Type‐2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A primary aim of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) is to prevent chronic diseases through recommendations that emphasize a high quality diet. We previously showed that following a diet consistent with the DGA was associated with lower inflammation among middle‐aged men and women. Few studies have examined overall diet quality and inflammation status in young adults. We therefore examined cross‐sectional associations between diet quality and fasting plasma Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), a biomarker of chronic inflammation, among 183 young women (mean age=21 years) from the UMass Vitamin D Status Study. Dietary data were collected using a modified Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire. Diet quality was assessed using the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Adherence Index (DGAI‐2010). The DGAI‐2010 has a possible range of 0 (least) to 100 (best) adherence to the DGA (mean=68.6; range 42.6 to 81.7). IL‐6 levels from fasting blood samples were determined by a multiplex bead‐based suspension array (AssayGate, Inc. Ijamsville, MD) and were log transformed (range 0 to 4.5 pg/mL) to normalize for statistical analysis. Using multivariable linear regression, we observed an inverse association between DGAI‐2010 quintile categories and IL‐6, after adjusting for smoking (ever vs never), NSAID use (yes vs no), and BMI (continuous) (p‐trend=0.02). Mean IL‐6 levels decreased (3.3, 2.8, 2.6, 2.0, and 1.6 pg/mL respectively) across increasing DGAI‐2010 quintile categories. Following a diet that is consistent with the 2010 DGA as a measure of diet quality is associated with lower inflammation among young women.
Mediterranean Diet and Changes in Weight among Older Puerto Rican Adults
Authors: Bigornia Sherman J , Noel Sabrina E , Tucker Katherine L
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To examine the association between a Mediterranean diet score (MDS) and its components with 2‐yr weight change among older Puerto Ricans.

Methods

Cohort (Boston Puerto Rican Health Study) of 1,127 participants with mean age 57 y (SD: 7), 73% female, and 58% with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. Diet over the previous year was ascertained at baseline using an FFQ modified and validated for use in this population. Adherence to a Mediterranean diet was assessed using a 0‐ to 9‐point scale. Individuals received 1 point for reporting intakes higher than the cohort energy‐adjusted and sex‐specific median serving for either whole grains (0.65 and 0.67 s/d, men and women, respectively), fruits (1.08 s/d for both sexes), vegetables (1.60 and 1.48 s/d), legumes (5.44 and 4.59 s/wk), fish (0.96 and 0.81 s/d), or the monounsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio (1.16 and 1.18 units/d). Conversely, 1 point was given for estimated consumption lower than the median serving for meat (4.82 and 4.02 s/d, men and women, respectively) or dairy products (1.74 and 1.57 s/d); 1 point was awarded for moderate consumption of alcohol (2 s/d for men and 1 s/d for women). Weight at baseline and at 2‐yr follow‐up (median, inter‐quartile range: 2.01 y, 1.96 to 2.16 y) was measured in duplicate and the average at each visit used in all analyses.

Results

The average MDS was 4.3 (SD: 1.7). In multivariate models, lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet was associated with greater weight gain during follow‐up [mean (95% CI); 1.51% (0.33, 2.70) for MDS 0–3 and −0.38% (−1.33, 0.57) MDS 6–9; P‐trend=0.001.; Table]. In similar models, vegetable consumption was significantly associated with changes in weight [0.86% (0.09, 1.63) for low and −0.39% (−1.15, 0.38) for high; P=0.004]. Other components of the MDS were not significantly associated with 2‐yr weight change. Our results remained similar after accounting for baseline total energy intake.

Conclusions

A dietary pattern that is less consistent with a Mediterranean diet was associated with weight gain over a 2‐yr follow‐up period. Our results suggest that a Mediterranean diet may be beneficial for weight maintenance among older Puerto Ricans.

Support or Funding Information

This study was supported by NIH grants P01‐AG023394, P50‐HL105185, and R01‐AG027087.

Relation between baseline Mediterranean Diet Score and 2‐yr changes in weight (n=1127)

Model
Covariates
Mediterranean Diet Score
P‐trend

0 to 2
3
4
5
6 to 9

n=164
n=180
n=248
n=239
n=296

1
age, sex, height, time between visits
1.23% (0.10, 2.36)
0.77% (−0.32, 0.63)
−0.32% (−1.26, 0.63)
−0.71% (−0.32, 1.86)
−0.60% (−1.47, 0.27)
0.002

2
+ high school education,currently smoking, physical activity score, diabetes, heart disease
1.51% (0.33, 2.70)
1.18% (−0.01, 2.36)
0.02% (−1.00, 1.03)
−0.37% (−1.40, 0.66)
−0.38% (−1.33, 0.57)
0.001

3
+ total energy
1.55% (0.36, 2.74)
1.24% (−0.06, 2.43)
0.04% (−0.98, 1.06)
−0.39% (−1.41, 0.64)
−0.37% (−1.32, 0.58)
0.001
Plasma Amino Acids and Mortality in a Middle‐Aged and Older Chinese Population during 6‐year Follow‐up
Authors: Sun Liang , Lin Xu , Zeng Rong
Published: November 2023

Recently, circulating amino acids, especially branched‐chain species, are found to be associated with risks of metabolic diseases. However, little is known about their associations with mortality in community‐based population, especially in Asians. Therefore, the current study was aimed to investigate the associations of plasma amino acids with total and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular mortality in a middle‐aged and older Chinese population. A total of 2,082 participants aged 50–70 years from Beijing and Shanghai, China were followed up for 6 years, and 99 of them were deceased during follow‐up. Baseline plasma amino acids were quantified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Higher baseline concentrations of plasma histidine, cystine, isoleucine, proline and ornithine were found among deceased individuals than their alive counterparts. In the cox proportional hazard model, after adjusting for demographic and lifestyle information, family history of chronic diseases, baseline diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease and stroke, as well as BMI, blood lipids profile and inflammatory markers, elevated plasma cystine, isoleucine, proline and ornithine were significantly associated with increased total mortality, and the hazard ratios per SD increase were 1.15 (95% CI 1.02–1.31), 1.34 (95% CI 1.05–1.71), 1.42 (95% CI 1.15–1.75) and 1.38 (95% CI 1.15–1.65), respectively. Moreover, after categorized by cause of death, plasma cystine, isoleucine, proline, phenylalanine and ornithine were found to be positively associated with cerebrovascular and cardiovascular mortality after multiple adjustments (P<0.05). In conclusion, accumulation of specific amino acids may increase the risks of total and cerebrovascular and cardiovascular mortality in middle‐aged and older Chinese adults.

Support or Funding Information

Our study was supported by The Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2012CB524900) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (81321062).
A Review and Meta‐Analysis of Prospective Studies of Red and Processed Meat and Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Miller Paula E , Alexander Dominik
Published: November 2023

Pancreatic cancer is a highly fatal cancer of significant public health concern. The potential relationship between red and processed meat consumption and pancreatic cancer has been the subject of scientific debate, with epidemiologic studies producing differing and inconclusive results. Our objective was to update the state of the science by conducting a systematic quantitative assessment of the epidemiologic literature. Specifically, we integrated data from prospective cohort studies using meta‐analysis and examined total red meat, fresh red meat, and processed meat in particular, while also evaluating any potential dose response relationships. Data from 19 prospective cohort studies were meta‐analyzed using random‐effects models to calculate summary relative risk estimates (SRREs) for high vs. low exposure categories. In addition, a comprehensive evaluation of potential dose‐response patterns was conducted using stratified intake analyses and meta‐regression. In the high vs. low meta‐analysis of total red meat, an SRRE of 1.06 (95% CI = 0.91–1.25) was observed. The high vs. low meta‐analysis of fresh red meat resulted in an SRRE of 1.04 (95% CI = 0.78–1.37), with significant heterogeneity. For high vs. low processed meat, the SRRE was 1.05 (95% CI = 0.82–1.34), with significant heterogeneity. No clear dose response pattern was observed for any of these groups in meta‐regression or stratified intake analyses. No association was found for beef or pork specifically. In conclusion, the state of the epidemiologic science on red and processed meat consumption and pancreatic cancer does not support an association.

Support or Funding Information

This work was supported in part by the National Cattlemen's Beef Association (NCBA), a contractor to the Beef Checkoff. NCBA did not contribute to the writing, analysis, interpretation of the research findings.
Changes in Antioxidant and α‐Glucosidase inhibitory activities of Coffee bean extracts by heat processing
Authors: LEE Jungyun , Jang Soo In , Kang Bou Hee , Lee Mee Sook , Park Eun Mi , Kwon Young In
Published: November 2023

In the current study, we evaluated total soluble phenolics, phenolic profile and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) of selected 4 coffee bean water extracts, with different roasting degree, such as mild (CEL), Midium (CEM), Med‐dark (CEMD), and dark (CED). We also investigated inhibitory activity of RCE against porcine α‐amylase and α‐glucosidase. CEMD had the highest α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity, ORAC value and total phenolic content. The α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of the extracts was compared to selected specific phenolics detected in the RCE using HPLC. Chlorogenic acid and Caffeic acid, a major phenolic compound in RCE had high α‐glucosidase inhibitiory activity. The α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity of the RCE correlated to the phenolic content and antioxidant activity. These results suggest that selected RCE which has high Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid content with α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity and high antioxidant activity has the potential to contribute as a useful dietary supplement for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia and oxidative stress‐linked diabetes complications.
Postprandial Blood Glucose Level Reducing Effect of Low Molecular weight Chitosan Oligosaccharide, GO2KA1, in Health Individuals
Authors: Kang Yu‐Ri , Choi Hwang‐Yong , Lee Jung‐Yun , Oh Jung‐Bae , Kim Justin S. , Lee Jong‐Wook , Kim Young‐Cheul , Apostolidis Emmanouil , Kwon Young‐In
Published: November 2023

We evaluated the effects of chitosan oligosaccharide (GO2KA1) on the level of postprandial blood glucose in adult subjects with normal blood glucose level. Postprandial blood glucose levels were tested for 2 hr after bread ingestion with or without 600 mg of GO2KA1. As a result, GO2KA1 significantly lowered the mean, maximum and minimum level of postprandial blood glucose at 30 min after meal. Postprandial blood glucose levels were decreased by about 25% (from 155.11 ± 13.06 to 138.50 ± 13.59, p<0.01) at 30 min when compared to control. Furthemore, we observed that AUCt was decreased by about 6% (from 255.46 ± 15.43 to 240.15 ± 14.22, p<0.05) and Cmax was decreased by about 11% (from 157.94 ± 10.90 to 140.61 ± 12.52, p<0.01) while Tmax was equal when compared to control. Our findings suggest that GO2KA1 reduces postprandial blood glucose rise due to low absorption of glucose in the small intestine, via carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes inhibition.
The efficacy of high fat load liquid meal on postprandial insulin level in postprandial insulin resistance population
Authors: Wang Feng , Liu Fukang , Cai Huizhen , Yang Ligang , Sun Guiju
Published: November 2023

Insulin resistance (IR) is a common pathophysiological basis in patients with diabetes, hypertension and coronary heart disease. The metabolic defect in the pre‐diabetic and diabetic condition relates more strongly to postprandial insulin than to the fasting state. In this study, we determined whether postprandial insulin level differ between non‐postprandial insulin resistance (NPIR) group and postprandial insulin resistance (PIR) group following a standardized high fat load liquid meal (SHFLLM). Seventy‐four participants were divided into NPIR and PIR group and their venous bloods were gathered at fasting, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hour following the ingestion of SHFLLM. Blood glucose and serum insulin were measured. Areas under the curve (AUC) for glucose and insulin were used as indices of insulin sensitivity. Despite a significant reduction in the ratio of area under curve of insulin (AUCI) to area under curve of glucose (AUCG) (P<0.001), NPIR group did not influence homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance index (HOMA‐IR), fasting glucose‐insulin ratio, insulin action index (IAI), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) compared to PIR. Our results suggest that postprandial insulin resistance may be an early stage of the process of diabetes mellitus.

Support or Funding Information

Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81273069)
Micronutrient Deficiencies in Patients With Heart Failure: Relationships With Body Mass Index and Age
Authors: Shetty Paulina M , Hauptman Paul J , Landfried Lauren K , Patel Keval J , Weiss Edward P
Published: November 2023

Background

It is conceivable that lean patients (body mass index 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (HF) have low body weight due to low food consumption and that this may contribute to micronutrient deficiencies and to their poorer prognosis compared with overweight/obese patients. We hypothesized that lean patients have a greater number of inadequate micronutrient intakes (<50% of recommendations) than overweight/obese patients and that this also depends on age.

Methods and Results

Lean (n = 15) and overweight/obese (n = 49) patients underwent 24‐hour diet and physical activity recall interviews. Inadequate essential micronutrient intakes were ubiquitous (intakes of 13 ± 1 of 27 micronutrients were inadequate) and did not depend on race, income status, or access to supermarkets. Younger (40–64 y) lean patients had inadequate intakes of 20 ± 2 micronutrients, which was more than the other weight/age subgroups (all P < .01). Physical activity levels did not differ across weight/age subgroups.

Conclusions

Patients with HF may be at risk of malnutrition due to numerous inadequate micronutrient intakes; younger lean patients may have an especially high risk. Future studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings and to investigate the possibility that incorporating a micronutrient‐dense meal plan will improve patient outcomes.

Support or Funding Information

Saint Louis University Beaumont Award
The characteristics and stability Of T0901317 nanovesicles
Authors: Liu Jie , Wang Shu
Published: November 2023

Introduction

T0901317(T090) is a potent synthetic agonist for the liver X receptors, which activation could reduce the atherosclerotic lesion size. However, T090 can also induce liver steatosis, which hinder its clinical application. Intimal macrophages are determinant cells for atherosclerotic lesion development. We have successfully made T090 nanovesicles (Tnano) and ligand‐incorporated Tnano (LTnano) for targeting intimal macrophages. The objective of this project is to measure the characteristics and stability of Tnano and LTnano.

Methods

The size and polydispersity index (PI) of Tnano and LTnano were measured using a Brookhaven BI‐MAS particle size analyzer, and their zeta potential was measured using a Brookhaven ZetaPALS analyzer. The encapsulation efficiency of T090 was measured using a filtration method and a high performance liquid chromatography system (HPLC). Tnano, LTnano and free T090 were incubated at 4°C, 22°C, 37°C. Their physical and chemical stability was measured every 2 hours for 24 hours. A dialysis method was used to investigate the release pattern of the free and nanoencapsulated T090. Tnano, LTnano, free T090 containing 0.4 mg of T090 were put in three different dialysis bags, which were soaked in a sink solution made of 1X PBS containing 10% methanol. Sink solution was collected and changed every 2 hours for 24 hours. The T090 concentrations in the sink solution were measured using a HPLC method.

Results

The mean particle size of Tnano and LTnano was less than 100 nm, the PI of Tnano and LTnano was less than 0.3, the zeta potential of Tnano and LTnano was around ‐30. The encapsulation efficiency of T090 was more than 90%. Nanoencapsulation increased the aqueous solubility of T090 by more than 1,000 times. Nanoencapsulated T090 is more stable than free T090. Tnano and LTnano demonstrated a sustained release manner.

Conclusion

Nanoencapsualtion increased the aqueous solubility, biostability and releasing sustainability of T090. The anti‐atherosclerotic activities are under investigation.

Support or Funding Information

Grant Funding Source: NIH 1R15AT007013
Fuzhuan Tea Reverses Western Diet‐induced Arterial Stiffness in Mice
Authors: Lee Dustin , Battson Micah , Jarrell Dillon , Sevits Kyle , Weir Tiffany , Cox‐York Kimberly , Gentile Christopher
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Stiffening of the large elastic arteries, as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV), is one of the strongest independent predictors of cardiovascular events and mortality. Obese individuals exhibit increased arterial stiffness, although the effect of modest increases in body weight, in the absence of obesity, is unclear. Therefore, the primary aim of the current study was to examine the effects of modest weight gain, induced by a western diet (WD), on large artery stiffness in experimental animals.

Fuzhuan tea (FT) is a Chinese tea that has been shown to protect against various metabolic insults associated with obesity and a WD, but the effects of FT on the cardiovascular system are unknown. Thus, the secondary aim of the present study was to examine whether FT consumption could reduce the hypothesized increase in aortic stiffness following modest weight gain.

Methods

C57BL/6J male mice were fed either a standard diet (SD) or WD for 9 months. In the final 8 weeks of the dietary interventions, SD and WD groups were divided to receive regular drinking water or water supplemented with FT (200mg/kg/day). Aortic stiffness was measured in vivo by pulse wave velocity at baseline, 7, and 9 months. Endothelial dependent (EDD) and independent dilation (EID) were measured ex vivo in carotid arteries. Body weight and food intake were recorded weekly over the 9‐month period.

Results

Mice fed a WD for 7 months exhibited a modest increase in body weight (SD: 34.7± 4.1 g vs WD: 40.1 ± 2.4 g) and significant increase in PWV (SD: 422.4 ± 6.4 vs WD: 458.0 ± 4.6, p‐value < 0.05). Consumption of FT during an additional 8‐weeks of WD did not significantly alter body weight, but returned PWV in WD+FT to SD levels (SD: 429.9 ± 8.7 vs WD + FT: 425.3 ± 18.1; p‐value > 0.05). WD displayed increased aortic collagen compared to SD (WD: 38.8 ± 10.3 vs SD: 17.5 ± 11.3, p‐value < 0.05) and a decrease from WD was observed in WD + FT (WD + FT: 32 ± 10.7).

Conclusions

Our data indicate that modest weight gain increases arterial stiffness, and that Fuzhuan tea supplementation can reverse this effect. These results may have broad implications for individuals gaining modest body weight over prolonged periods of time.

Support or Funding Information

Funding: Boettcher Foundation's Webb‐Waring Biomedical Research Program (CLG); National Institutes of Health DK087777 (CLG)
Effects of Strawberry Consumption on Vascular Parameters in Pre‐ and Stage 1‐Hypertensive Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Trial
Authors: Arjmandi Bahram H. , Feresin Rafaela G. , Johnson Sarah A. , Figueroa Arturo , Pourafshar Shirin , Navaei Negin , Campbell Jeremiah , Jaime Salvador , Elam Marcus L. , Alvarez‐Alvarado Stacey , Akhavan Neda S. , Brummel‐Smith Kenneth , Tenenbaum Gershon
Published: November 2023

Though previous clinical, epidemiological, and preclinical research findings indicate that strawberries are cardioprotective, few clinical studies have reported the effects of strawberry consumption on blood pressure (BP) and vascular function. Since hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and approximately 75% of postmenopausal women in the United States are hypertensive, we conducted an 8‐week randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical study to investigate the effects of daily consumption of 25 g of freeze‐dried strawberry powder (FDSP) on blood pressure and vascular function in pre‐ and stage 1‐hypertensive postmenopausal women. Forty‐seven postmenopausal women (age: 59 ± 6 years; body mass index: 31.5 ± 4.1 kg/m2, systolic BP: 140 ± 13 mmHg, diastolic BP: 80 ± 7 mmHg) were randomly assigned into one of two groups (final n = 20/group): 1) placebo‐control, 2) 25g of freeze‐dried strawberry powder (FDSP; equivalent to 1½ cups). After eight weeks, systolic BP (135 ± 14 mmHg), mean arterial pressure (103 ± 9 mmHg), pulse pressure (56 ± 10 mmHg), and baPWV and faPWV (1,480 cm/s and 1,039 cm/s, respectively) were significantly (P < 0.05) lower than baseline levels in the strawberry group while only pulse pressure was significantly lower (P < 0.05) in the placebo group (54 ± 7 mmHg). These findings suggest that daily consumption of strawberries may improve vascular function; however, further research is warranted.

Support or Funding Information

This study was funded by the California Strawberry Commission.
Coconut Oil Supplementation: an innovative strategy for cardiovascular disease risk reduction
Authors: Thompson‐Felty Claudia , Johnston Carol S , Ryder Ashley
Published: November 2023

The American Heart Association has projected that by 2030, 40.5% of the US population will have some form of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Elevated blood cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking are major risk factors for CVD. The current dietary recommendations to improve HDL cholesterol include drinking alcohol in moderation and choosing healthier dietary fats (monounsaturated and polyunsaturated) while limiting saturated fat to less than 7% total daily energy. Conversely, some research suggests that consuming 20–30% of energy as coconut oil (CO), which is high in saturated fat, may raise HDL. In secondary data analyses of a fish oil (FO) supplementation trial, we noted a significant improvement in HDL in healthy adults supplementing only 2 g CO daily for 8 weeks (~1% total daily energy). Forty‐eight healthy individuals (24 FO and 24 CO, 12/36 M/F; 26.5±8.5 y, BMI, 24.5±3.6 kg/m2) were stratified by blood type, gender, age, and BMI and randomly assigned to one of two supplement groups: FO, 2000 mg/d, or CO, 2000 mg/d. At baseline, there were no significant mean differences in total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, or triglycerides between the groups. CO supplementation improved HDL cholesterol in comparison to FO (+4.5±7.9 vs. −0.6±6.9 mg/dL, p=0.026). Changes in LDL cholesterol and the total cholesterol/HDL ratio did not differ between groups (+3.6±19.0 vs. +1.9±18.7 mg/dL and −0.13±0.48 vs. +0.01±0.31 mg/dL respectively). These data suggest that much smaller amounts of CO than previously reported can significantly raise HDL without adversely impacting LDL or total cholesterol; however, more research is needed to confirm these secondary findings.

Support or Funding Information

Graduate and Professional Student Association