bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI DAN PENGEMBANGAN KEBUTUHAN FASILITAS DI PELABUHAN SAMPIT UNTUK MENDUKUNG KEMAJUAN WILAYAH KABUPATEN KOTAWARINGIN TIMUR
Authors: Veronika Friska , Basuki Imam
Published: July 2024

Pelabuhan Sampit merupakan pelabuhan penting yang menjadi pintu gerbang utama memasuki wilayah Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah dalam keluar masuknya penumpang dan barang ke atau dari Pulau Jawa, selalu mengalami peningkatan arus lalu lintas tiap tahunnya yang tidak di ikuti dengan evaluasi serta pengembangan fasilitas kebutuhan pelabuhan, berpotensi terjadi antriannya kapal yang lama, proses bongkar muat lambat dan penumpang tidak mendapat pelayanan fasilitas yang maksimal. Maka perlu dilakukan identifikasi kinerja operasional pelayanan, faktor-faktor mempengaruhi dan kebutuhan fasilitas di Pelabuhan Sampit. Hasil menunjukan berdasarkan peraturan Dirjen Hubla kinerja operasional pelabuhan secara umum baik, hanya ada 3 (tiga) indikator yang kurang baik yaitu approach time (AT), effective time/berthing time (ET/BT), dan ton/ship/hour (T/S/H). Hasil faktor-faktor yang memepengaruhi arus lalu lintas di Pelabuhan Sampit menujukan model terbaik arus muat adalah Y1 = 29,953 + 0,016 dimana PDRB pertanian (X1), arus bongkar adalah Y2 = 26,255 + 0,053 X2 dimana PDRB industri (X2), arus penumpang adalah Y3 = 101,514 + 0,068 X2 dimana pendapatan perkapita (X2) dan arus kapal adalah Y4 = 24,730 + 0,41 X3 dimana pendapatan perkapita (X3). Hasil peramalan arus muat, arus bongkar, arus penumpang dan arus kapal dari kebutuhan fasilitas pelabuhan menunjukan pada Tahun 2032 fasilitas lapangan penumpukan sebesar 870.567 m2 dan terminal penumpang sebesar 86,67 m2 masih memenuhi sedangkan fasilitas panjang dermaga perlu dilakukan penambahan sebesar 386 m. Kata Kunci : Evaluasi kinerja operasional pelayanan, regresi linier dan peramalan (forecasting
Echoes of Distress: Navigating the Neurological Impact of Digital Media on Vicarious Trauma and Resilience
Authors: Wyatt Zoe ,   Wyatt-Potage Consulting, Mauritius
Published: July 2024

The pervasive reach of digital media exerts a profound influence across society, affecting not only frontline responders to disasters and traumatic events, but also the general public watching this unfold from their homes. This article broadens the discourse on vicarious trauma, exploring its neurobiological underpinnings, particularly the role of mirror neurons and the empathic response in experiencing the distress of others vicariously. It presents the contemporary challenge of secondary traumatic stress induced by relentless media coverage of global crises, impacting clinicians and individuals alike. The discussion includes unpacking how graphic imagery, emotionally charged narratives and the sheer volume of distressing content can trigger a spectrum of stress responses like intrusive thoughts, hypervigilance, and emotional numbing. The paper also examines the heightened susceptibility of different demographic groups, emphasising how the ubiquity of news and social media has intensified the potential for widespread vicarious trauma. Addressing resilience, the article offers strategies for all to maintain wellbeing in the face of relentless media exposure, advocating for preventative measures and psychological support systems. Ultimately, the article calls for a holistic approach to media consumption and trauma awareness, aiming to preserve the psychological wellbeing of healthcare workers and those bearing witness to trauma and human suffering, whether encountered professionally or through digital platforms.
Second Victims and Patient Safety: A Scoping Review
Authors: Lorena Kitani Kaile ,   Medicine Course Student, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe - Curitiba-PR, Beatriz Amato de Souza , de Avila Fernanda Estevam , Isadora Garcia Martins , Fernando Dias Vergílio Jorge , Elaine Rossi Ribeiro ,   Medicine Course Student, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe - Curitiba-PR,   Medicine Course Student, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe - Curitiba-PR,   Medicine Course Student, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe - Curitiba-PR,   Master's Degree in Health Sciences Teaching Programme, Faculdades Pequeno Príncipe - Curitiba-PR.,   Reseaarch and Lecturer in the Health Sciences Teaching Programme, Faculdades Pequeno PríncipeCuritiba-PR
Published: July 2024

Justification: Health professionals perform their duties in environments that require complex care, and avoiding possible complications is the main focus, however, given human fallibility, adverse events sometimes become inevitable, and when this occurs, the effects go far beyond the individual who suffered the damage directly, as there is an indirect effect on the health professionals involved, who are considered "second victims". Considering that the likelihood of these professionals suffering physical and psychosocial damage because of the harm caused to the patient is relatively high, it is essential that studies are developed to provide adequate support for these professionals. Objective: To review the national and international literature to identify existing notes on the support given to health professionals in the role of second victim. Results: 27 articles dated between 2011 and 2021 were analyzed. The country with the most publications was the United States of America, followed by Canada and Spain, and quantitative methods were prevalent. The studies identified important strategies, such as sensitivity, empathy and adequate support, effective communication, review of adverse events, social and emotional support in a trusting environment, individualized follow-up and a support network. By adopting these strategies, it is possible to provide effective and compassionate support, helping them to face and overcome the emotional and psychological challenges associated with adverse events or medical errors. Conclusions: In view of the impacts faced by healthcare professionals in the role of second victim, a sensitive approach to the issue is needed, and it is essential to recognize and address the emotional needs of professionals with support strategies, psychological support and resilience education programs. And so, promote a culture of safety in healthcare institutions, encouraging constant learning and welcoming a just culture.
The Role of “Marcillectomy” in Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for High-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Wang Zhichao ,   Department of urology, Jinan Central Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China, Gao Xinghua , Guo Longfei ,   Department of urology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China,   Department of urology, Central Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
Published: July 2024

Extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) is currently the most accurate method for staging prostate cancer (PCa) lymph node (LN) and has been widely adopted, and according to the guidelines of the European Association of Urology, it is recommended for intermediate and high-risk PCa patients. As a landing point for pelvic lymphatic drainage, Marcille's LN is considered an important site for LN metastasis of PCa. By performing histopathologic and molecular analyses, significant lymphatic drainage can be detected in the triangular fossa of Marcille. The Marcille’s lymphadenectomy, called “Marcillectomy”, is able to bring about potential oncology benefits in patients with small-volume lymph node metastases without increasing the rate of complications, which will revolutionize the traditional ePLND approach and recommend the use of Marcillectomy in all high-risk PCa patients.
On Matrix Elliptic Curves and Matrix Solutions of the Exponential Diophantine Equation (X^{24}-I_{24})(Y^{24}-I_{24})=Z^{2}
Authors: Mouanda Joachim Moussounda ,   Blessington Christian University, Mathematics Department, Nkayi, Republic of Congo, Dehainsala Djagwa , Kangni Kinvi ,   N’Djamena University, N’Djamena, Tchad,   Felix Houphouet Boigny University, Mathematics Department, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Published: July 2024

We show that the structures of the matrix solutions of the matrix elliptic curves 2 3 6 EY X I : , α = +× ∈ α α  allow the construction of the matrix solutions of the equations 4 24 6 24 24 2 24 24 XY ZX IY I Z += − −= ,( )( ) . Mathematics Subject Classification(2010). 15B36, 11D61.
Effects of Aerobic Exercise and Yoga on Blood Pressure in Women Between the Ages of 30 and 40 Years
Authors: Dwijayanti Karlina , Hakim Arif Rohman , Nugroho Untung , Muryadi Agustanico Dwi , Firdaus Mokhammad , Aliriad Hilmy
Published: July 2024

High blood pressure or hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study aims to prove the effectiveness of aerobic exercise and yoga in lowering blood pressure in mothers. The study was conducted using experimental methods and involved 28 participants selected by purposive sampling from Nogosari village, Boyolali regency, Indonesia, during 12 sessions. Blood pressure data were collected from participants with hypertension before and after aerobic exercise and yoga. Measurements were taken on participants for 12 sessions in one month using a blood pressure monitor. The device used in this study was a sphygmomanometer ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Statistical tests were performed using independent samples t-tests with a significance level of p <0.05. The results of the homogeneity test showed that the systolic and diastolic variance in the control and experimental groups had the same variance with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results of both mean difference tests showed that there were significant differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between the aerobic and yoga groups. This can be seen from the value of P-value Independent Samples t-test < 0.05. The results showed that low-impact aerobic exercise and yoga had a significant effect on blood pressure in women aged 30-40 years. Based on these data, it can be concluded that there is a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure from the category of moderate hypertension to normal-high in women aged 30-40 years after doing aerobic exercise and yoga.
CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF REGULATION OF THE PROBATION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA
Authors: Tyumenev Aleksey , Sokolova Elena
Published: July 2024

The article presents an analysis of the constitutional and legal aspects of the regulation of a new probation institute for the domestic legal system, which was conducted in the following areas: research of the probation legislation system and its sectoral nature; clarification of the subjects of jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its subjects in relation to the activities covered by the probation system; systematization of probation principles based on constitutional norms and regulations. It has been established that the ideas of re-socialization and social adaptation of persons released from prison are not fundamentally new to domestic legislation. The model of the Russian probation system in a format that has received legislative consolidation is based on the experience of the international community and foreign countries. Representing a complex interdisciplinary phenomenon and an integrated legal institution, the probation system includes a wide range of issues related both to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and to the joint jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and its subjects, which reflects the principle of federalism in its organization. The probation legislation system covers regulatory legal acts at the federal and regional levels. The constitutional principles of probation include the principles of humanism, federalism, the social nature of statehood, the independence of local governments, legality, the priority of human and civil rights and freedoms, and equality.
SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPT OF "DEVELOPMENT"
Authors: Sukhov Anatoliy Nikolaevich
Published: July 2024

The article reveals the relevance of the study of development as a paradigm of social psychology, examines the essence of the socio-psychological approach to its understanding. The difficulties that occur in defining the concept, subject, structure and ensuring the formation of modern social psychology are analyzed. The prospects of this industry are connected with their overcoming. The author comes to the conclusion that an important task is to create a general theory of social psychology. The theory of development is an integral part of the named theory, they complement each other. Without this, it is impossible to talk about the effective formation of modern social psychology.
PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS IN WORKING WITH THE PERSONNEL RESERVES OF INSTITUTIONS AND BODIES OF THE FEDERAL PENITENTIARY SERVICE OF RUSSIA AND WAYS TO IMPROVE ITS EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Dolinin Aleksandr
Published: July 2024

The article provides theoretical justifications for the need to manage the personnel reserve, including in the public administration system. The personnel situation in the penal enforcement system is analyzed and the main problematic aspects of the formation of personnel reserves of institutions and bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia are identified, as well as proposals for improving work with personnel reserves are formulated. The topic raised is relevant due to the fact that in modern socio- economic and political conditions, the main purpose of staffing the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia is to preserve and strengthen the human resources of the penal enforcement system. In the mechanism for achieving this goal, the most important task is the formation and effective use of personnel reserves of institutions and bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia to meet the needs of the system in qualified managerial personnel in a timely manner. The analysis made it possible to substantiate a set of measures to improve work with the personnel reserve of territorial institutions and bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, including proposals to increase the salary of employees filling the positions of managers (chiefs); to stimulate employees enrolled in the personnel reserve; to increase the number of professional training programs for employees. A systematic approach to the formation and training of a reserve of senior personnel of institutions and bodies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia will ensure the creation of an effective personnel management system of the penal system.
Précis: The Mind-Body Politic
Authors: Maiese Michelle , Hanna Robert
Published: July 2024

The Mind-Body Politic is a study in the new discipline of political philosophy of mind, that aims to develop an embodied and enactive theory of social institutions, building on our 2009 study of the mind-body relation and mental causation, Embodied Minds in Action. In this sequel, we distinguish between (i) destructive, deforming social institutions–characteristic of contemporary neoliberal nation-states, and (ii) constructive, enabling social institutions, and defend what we call the mindshaping thesis and the enactive-transformative principle. The upshot is an activist, transformative philosophical theory.
The Role of Narrative Practices in Embodied and Affective Change
Authors: Pascoe Josephine , Segundo Ortin Miguel
Published: July 2024

Maiese and Hanna (2019) argue that social institutions shape and transform our embodied minds, and that detrimental and harmful institutions can be reverted in order to promote mentally healthy, authentic, and fulfilling lives. This commentary aims to complement this proposal by understanding the role that narratives and narrative practices play in shaping our embodied minds, by highlighting narrativity’s (1) active, deliberative, and productive functions, and (2) its strong entanglement with embodiment. We will argue that this addition to Maiese and Hanna’s account allows agents to assume a more active role within social institutions by engaging in conscious and deliberative self-narration. This is because, we contend, not only do we understand ourselves and others according to cultural narrative archetypes; we also, crucially, bring about concrete changes in our embodiment and behavior by narrative deliberation and intention formation. As such, self-narration is not only an intellectual endeavor, but can also have profound consequences for how we experience the world; in other words, narrative practices can purposefully alter our affective framing which, in Maiese and Hanna’s account, is fundamental in the process of changing detrimental institutions into constructive, enabling institutions.
Heteronomy, Repression, and Collective Wisdom
Authors: Shieber Joseph
Published: July 2024

One of the most controversial notions in Herbert Marcuse’s One-Dimensional Man is the distinction between true and false needs. In this commentary, I suggest that Marcuse’s distinction is ambiguous between two readings, which I term the Repression Reading and the Heteronomy Reading, respectively. I argue that considerations from Maiese and Hanna’s (2019) notion of the Mind Shaping Thesis can help to see why we ought to reject the Heteronomy Reading in favor of the Repression Reading of false needs. I then suggest that the Repression Reading of false needs can, in turn, reveal some weaknesses in Maiese and Hanna’s theory of collectively wise social institutions.
Ideological Mind-Shaping or Brain-Shaping: Fusing Empirical Biopolitics and Political Philosophy of Mind
Authors: Zmigrod Leor
Published: July 2024

There are two primary philosophical approaches to examining the relationship between human bodies and political bodies. The first, reflected in traditional political theory on the body politic, is concerned with the question of how individuals aggregate into functioning or malfunctioning collectives—how singular citizen bodies come to constitute wider political entities. The second approach, maturing later in 20th century social and political philosophy, considers the opposite relation: instead of evaluating how the body politic emerges from the bottom-up, it focuses on how bodies become politicized from the top-down. This, more sociological, perspective explores how human bodies are disciplined and learn to self-discipline into particular physical forms and functions. Dominant ideologies can infiltrate the bodies of adherents, and the task of the social critic or political philosopher is to delineate how, why, where, and when political structures shape the minds and bodies of citizens, as well as whether the effects are coercive, destructive, or liberatory. I will argue that a political philosophy of mind cannot flourish without attention to the cognitive science of ideologies. Until recently there has been little serious dialogue between biology and political philosophy, partly due to disciplinary balkanization and mostly because of the infancy of empirical biopolitics, the science of how cognitive and neurobiological processes are molded by political ideologies. I will suggest that attending to the emerging science of ideological cognition can allow us to build a stronger, more compelling, and provocative thesis on the mind-shaping consequences of immersion in ideologies than is possible with conceptual tools alone
Using the Doggy Issues and Guidance (DIG) Assessment Tool for Informing Individualized, Reinforcement-Based Treatment of Canine Behavioral Issues
Authors: Villegas Laura , Jessel Joshua , Lemos Felipe
Published: July 2024

Behavioral issues put dogs at risk of being surrendered to animal shelters and potentially being euthanized. We designed an open-ended interview that has been termed the Doggy Issues and Guidance (DIG) assessment tool to inform the individualized treatment of behavioral issues. Five owners were interviewed using the DIG assessment to identify relevant variables influencing their dog’s behavioral issues. Two dogs then participated in a subsequent functional analysis, empirically validating information obtained from the interviews. Finally, we used cooperation skills training to increase appropriate behavior (i.e., sitting and lying) and replace the behavioral issues (i.e., aggression, barking, jumping) in two canines relying solely on reinforcement. Social validity questionnaires were conducted to evaluate (a) the acceptability, understanding, collaboration, and feasibility of the DIG assessment and (b) acceptability and satisfaction with the treatment outcomes. Owners who completed the social validity questionnaires provided positive ratings for the entire assessment and treatment process.
Multidisciplinary Approach to The Super Obese Patient Presenting with Respiratory Distress: A Case of Losing 100 Kilos in a Year
Authors: Kaya Abdulkadir , Gamsizkan Zerrin , Onmez Atilla , Oner Esra , Kucukdag Huseyin Nejat
Published: July 2024

In this article, a super morbid obese case with severe comorbidity is presented to lose 100 kg without surgery with a multidisciplinary approach. It has been observed that losing weight in obese patients also corrects many dysfunctions. It has been discussed that preoperative counseling, frequent follow-up and a multidisciplinary approach can be effective in weight loss.

Keywords: morbid obesity, hypoventilation, treatment
Resolving the term “offshore aquaculture” by decoupling “exposed” and “distance from the coast”
Authors: Buck Bela H. , Bjelland Hans V. , Bockus Abigail , Chambers Michael , Costa-Pierce Barry Antonio , Dewhurst Tobias , Ferreira Joao G. , Føre Heidi Moe , Fredriksson David W. , Goseberg Nils , Holmyard John , Isbert Wolf , Krause Gesche , Markus Till , Papandroulakis Nikos , Sclodnick Tyler , Silkes Bill , Strand Åsa , Troell Max , Wieczorek Daniel , van den Burg Sander W. K. , Heasman Kevin G.
Published: July 2024

The terms “offshore” and “open ocean” have been used to describe aquaculture sites that are further from the coast or in higher energy environments. Neither term has been clearly defined in the scientific literature nor in a legal context, and the terms are often used interchangeably. These and other related terms (for example “exposed”, “high-energy”) variously refer to aspects of a site such as the geographic distance from shore or infrastructure, the level of exposure to large waves and strong currents, the geographic fetch, the water depth, or some combination of these parameters. The ICES Working Group (ICES, 2024) on Open Ocean Aquaculture (WGOOA) therefore identified a need to define the terminology to reduce ambiguity for these types of aquaculture sites or more precisely, to: (1) promote a common understanding and avoid misuse for different classifications; (2) enable regulators to identify the characteristics of a marine site; (3) allow farmers to be able to assess or quantitatively compare sites for development; (4) equip developers and producers to identify operational parameters in which the equipment and vessels will need to operate; (5) provide insurers and investors with the terminology to consistently assess risk and premiums; and (6) circumvent the emergence of narratives that root in different cognitive interpretations of the terminology in public discourse. This paper describes the evolution of the use of the term “offshore aquaculture” and define the most relevant parameters to shift to a more definitive and robust term “exposed aquaculture” that can inherently relay clearer information. Adoption of this more definitive definition of “exposed” will allow the user to define a site with more than just distance from shore. Key differences and the importance of these terms are discussed that affect various interest groups. Follow-up articles in this compilation from scientific members of the WGOOA as well as other scientists outside ICES are incorporated that develop a set of definitions and a rigorous exposure index.
Alpha-synuclein shapes monocyte and macrophage cell biology and functions by bridging alterations of autophagy and inflammatory pathways
Authors: Limanaqi Fiona , Zecchini Silvia , Ogno Pasquale , Artusa Valentina , Fenizia Claudio , Saulle Irma , Vanetti Claudia , Garziano Micaela , Strizzi Sergio , Trabattoni Daria , Clerici Mario , Biasin Mara
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Abnormal spreading of alpha-synuclein (αS), a hallmark of Parkinson’s disease, is known to promote peripheral inflammation, which occurs in part via functional alterations in monocytes/macrophages. However, underlying intracellular mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods: Herein we investigate the subcellular, molecular, and functional effects of excess αS in human THP-1 monocytic cell line, THP-1-derived macrophages, and at least preliminarily, in primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs). In cells cultured w/wo recombinant αS (1 μM) for 4 h and 24 h, by Confocal microscopy, Western Blot, RT-qPCR, Elisa, and Flow Cytometry we assessed: i) αS internalization; ii) cytokine/chemokine expression/secretion, and C–C motif chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2) levels; iii) autophagy (LC3II/I, LAMP1/LysoTracker, p62, pS6/total S6); and iv) lipid droplets (LDs) accumulation, and cholesterol pathway gene expression. Transwell migration assay was employed to measure THP-1 cell migration/chemotaxis, while FITC-IgG-bead assay was used to analyze phagocytic capacity, and the fate of phagocytosed cargo in THP-1-derived macrophages.

Results: Extracellular αS was internalized by THP-1 cells, THP-1-derived macrophages, and MDMs. In THP1 cells, αS induced a general pro-inflammatory profile and conditioned media from αS-exposed THP-1 cells potently attracted unstimulated cells. However, CCL2 secretion peaked at 4 h αS, consistent with early internalization of its receptor CCR2, while this was blunted at 24 h αS exposure, when CCR2 recycled back to the plasma membrane. Again, 4 h αS-exposed THP-1 cells showed increased spontaneous migration, while 24 h αS-exposed cells showed reduced chemotaxis. This occurred in the absence of cell toxicity and was associated with upregulation of autophagy/lysosomal markers, suggesting a pro-survival/tolerance mechanism against stress-related inflammation. Instead, in THP-1-derived macrophages, αS time-dependently potentiated the intracellular accumulation, and release of pro-inflammatory mediators. This was accompanied by mild toxicity, reduced autophagy-lysosomal markers, defective LDs formation, as well as impaired phagocytosis, and the appearance of stagnant lysosomes engulfed with phagocytosed cargo, suggesting a status of macrophage exhaustion reminiscent of hypophagia.

Discussion: In summary, despite an apparently similar pro-inflammatory phenotype, monocytes and macrophages respond differently to intracellular αS accumulation in terms of cell survival, metabolism, and functions. Our results suggest that in periphery, αS exerts cell- and context-specific biological effects bridging alterations of autophagy, lipid dynamics, and inflammatory pathways.
The cellular protrusions for inter-cellular material transfer: similarities between filopodia, cytonemes, tunneling nanotubes, viruses, and extracellular vesicles
Authors: Hu Hooi Ting , Nishimura Tamako , Kawana Hiroki , Dante Rachelle Anne So , D’Angelo Gisela , Suetsugu Shiro
Published: July 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for transferring bioactive materials between cells and play vital roles in both health and diseases. Cellular protrusions, including filopodia and microvilli, are generated by the bending of the plasma membrane and are considered to be rigid structures facilitating various cellular functions, such as cell migration, adhesion, and environment sensing. Compelling evidence suggests that these protrusions are dynamic and flexible structures that can serve as sources of a new class of EVs, highlighting the unique role they play in intercellular material transfer. Cytonemes are specialized filopodia protrusions that make direct contact with neighboring cells, mediating the transfer of bioactive materials between cells through their tips. In some cases, these tips fuse with the plasma membrane of neighboring cells, creating tunneling nanotubes that directly connect the cytosols of the adjacent cells. Additionally, virus particles can be released from infected cells through small bud-like of plasma membrane protrusions. These different types of protrusions, which can transfer bioactive materials, share common protein components, including I-BAR domain-containing proteins, actin cytoskeleton, and their regulatory proteins. The dynamic and flexible nature of these protrusions highlights their importance in cellular communication and material transfer within the body, including development, cancer progression, and other diseases.
Utilising a 1,8-naphthalimide probe for the ratiometric fluorescent visualisation of caspase-3
Authors: Wynne Conor , Elmes Robert B. P.
Published: July 2024

The development of selective and sensitive probes for monitoring caspase-3 activity–a critical enzyme involved in apoptosis–remains an area of significant interest in biomedical research. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterisation of a novel ratiometric fluorescent probe, Ac-DEVD-PABC-Naph, designed to detect caspase-3 activity. The probe utilises a 1,8-naphthalimide fluorophore covalently linked to a peptide sequence via a self-immolative p-aminobenzyl alcohol (PABA) linker. Upon enzymatic cleavage by caspase-3, the probe undergoes spontaneous degradation, releasing the free naphthalimide fluorophore, resulting in a ratiometric change in fluorescence emission. Spectroscopic studies revealed a time-dependent ratiometric fluorescent response, demonstrating the probe’s ability to visualise caspase-3 activity with high sensitivity. Enzyme kinetics such as Km (Michaelis constant), kcat (turnover number), and LOD (Limit of Detection) were obtained, suggesting that the probe possesses comparable kinetic data to other probes in literature, but with the added benefits of ratiometric detection. Selectivity studies also demonstrated the probe’s specificity for caspase-3 over other endogenous species and enzymes. Ac-DEVD-PABC-Naph may be a promising tool for the quantitative detection and fluorescent visualisation of caspase-3 activity in biological systems, with potential applications in apoptosis research and drug development.
Performance of federated learning-based models in the Dutch TAVI population was comparable to central strategies and outperformed local strategies
Authors: Yordanov Tsvetan R. , Ravelli Anita C. J. , Amiri Saba , Vis Marije , Houterman Saskia , Van der Voort Sebastian R. , Abu-Hanna Ameen
Published: July 2024

Background

Federated learning (FL) is a technique for learning prediction models without sharing records between hospitals. Compared to centralized training approaches, the adoption of FL could negatively impact model performance.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate four types of multicenter model development strategies for predicting 30-day mortality for patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI): (1) central, learning one model from a centralized dataset of all hospitals; (2) local, learning one model per hospital; (3) federated averaging (FedAvg), averaging of local model coefficients; and (4) ensemble, aggregating local model predictions.

Methods

Data from all 16 Dutch TAVI hospitals from 2013 to 2021 in the Netherlands Heart Registration (NHR) were used. All approaches were internally validated. For the central and federated approaches, external geographic validation was also performed. Predictive performance in terms of discrimination [the area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC, hereafter referred to as AUC)] and calibration (intercept and slope, and calibration graph) was measured.

Results

The dataset comprised 16,661 TAVI records with a 30-day mortality rate of 3.4%. In internal validation the AUCs of central, local, FedAvg, and ensemble models were 0.68, 0.65, 0.67, and 0.67, respectively. The central and local models were miscalibrated by slope, while the FedAvg and ensemble models were miscalibrated by intercept. During external geographic validation, central, FedAvg, and ensemble all achieved a mean AUC of 0.68. Miscalibration was observed for the central, FedAvg, and ensemble models in 44%, 44%, and 38% of the hospitals, respectively.

Conclusion

Compared to centralized training approaches, FL techniques such as FedAvg and ensemble demonstrated comparable AUC and calibration. The use of FL techniques should be considered a viable option for clinical prediction model development.
Non-destructive testing technology for corrosion wall thickness reduction defects in pipelines based on electromagnetic ultrasound
Authors: Tian Yifan , Palaev Alexander Grigorievich , Shammazov Ildar Ayratovich , Ren Yiqiang
Published: July 2024

Pipeline transportation is the main means of transportation of oil, natural gas and other energy sources. During transportation, corrosive substances in oil and natural gas can cause damage to the pipeline structure. A non-destructive testing technology for pipeline corrosion based on electromagnetic ultrasound technology was proposed to improve the stability and safety of energy pipeline transportation systems. This technology utilized empirical mode decomposition and singular spectrum analysis to denoise electromagnetic ultrasound signals. The designed electromagnetic signal denoising algorithm completely removed mild noise pollution. When using this method to detect pipeline corrosion, the maximum calculation error of pipeline wall thickness was 0.1906 mm, and the lowest was 0.0015 mm. When detecting small area corrosion deficiency, the amplitude of the detection signal increased with the depth, up to a maximum of around 24 V, which accurately reflected small area defects. This non-destructive testing technology for pipelines can effectively detect the pipeline corrosion, which is helpful for the regular maintenance of pipeline energy transmission systems.
Driving factors and decoupling analysis of carbon emissions from energy consumption in high energy-consuming regions: a case study of Liaoning province
Authors: Feng Dongmei , Yan Chenyang
Published: July 2024

To effectively address climate change, it is necessary to quantify the carbon emissions in high energy-consuming regions, analyze driving factors, and explore effective pathways for achieving green development. Therefore, this paper takes Liaoning Province as research area, using extended Kaya identity and LMDI method to analyze the driving factors of carbon emissions from energy consumption in five major industries and the residential consumption sector from 2011 to 2020 in Liaoning Province. Furthermore, this paper uses the Tapio model to explore the decoupling relationship between carbon emissions and economic development. The results show that: 1) From 2011 to 2020, total carbon emissions from energy consumption in five major industries showed a trend of initially declining and then rising, while carbon emissions from the residential consumption sector exhibited an upward trend. 2) For carbon emissions from the industrial sector, economic output and industrial structure are the primary factors that promote and inhibit carbon emissions respectively. The inhibitory effects of energy structure and energy intensity are not significant. Population scale has a certain promoting effect on carbon emissions. For residential energy consumption carbon emissions, Household consumption expenditure, residential energy structure, and residential population scale are driving factors that promote the growth of carbon emissions, while residential energy intensity restrains the growth of carbon emissions. 3) From 2011 to 2018, carbon emissions from the industrial sector have been decoupled from economic output, and the decoupling state is dominated by weak decoupling. However, carbon emissions are once again correlated with economic development in 2019–2020. Carbon emissions from residential energy consumption have not yet decoupled from consumption expenditure, and its decoupling state is unstable and has no obvious change rule.
Insights into the role of non-coding RNAs in the development of insecticide resistance in insects
Authors: Xiao Huamei , Ma Chunhui , Peng Ruizhi , Xie Meiqiong
Published: July 2024

Pest control heavily relies on chemical pesticides has been going on for decades. However, the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides often results in the development of resistance in pests. Almost all pests have developed some degree of resistance to pesticides. Research showed that the mechanisms of insecticide resistance in insects encompass metabolic resistance, behavioral resistance, penetration resistance and target-site resistance. Research on the these mechanisms has been mainly focused on the cis-regulatory or trans-regulatory for the insecticide resistance-related genes, with less attention paid to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). There has been increased studies focus on understanding how these ncRNAs are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of insecticide resistance-related genes. Besides, the formatted endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks (lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA) has been identified as a key player in governing insect resistance formation. This review delves into the functions and underlying mechanisms of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in regulating insect resistance. ncRNAs orchestrate insect resistance by modulating the expression of detoxification enzyme genes, insecticide target genes, as well as receptor genes, effectively regulating both target-site, metabolic and penetration resistance in insects. It also explores the regulatory mechanisms of ceRNA networks in the development of resistance. By enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms of ncRNAs in insecticide resistance, it will not only provide valuable insights into the new mechanisms of insecticide resistance but also help to enrich new directions in ncRNAs gene regulation research.
Research progress on the impact of intratumoral microbiota on the immune microenvironment of malignant tumors and its role in immunotherapy
Authors: Xu Jiamei , Cheng Min , Liu Jie , Cui Mengqi , Yin Beibei , Liang Jing
Published: July 2024

Microbiota has been closely related to human beings, whose role in tumor development has also been widely investigated. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the gut, oral, and/or skin microbiota. In recent years, the study of intratumoral microbiota has become a hot topic in tumor-concerning studies. Intratumoral microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and response to treatment of malignant tumors. In fact, increasing evidence has suggested that intratumoral microbiota is associated with malignant tumors in various ways, such as promoting the tumor development and affecting the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this review, the impact of intratumoral microbiota on the immune microenvironment of malignant tumors has been analyzed, as well as its role in tumor immunotherapy, with the hope that it may contribute to the development of diagnostic tools and treatments for related tumors in the future.
Mapping the landscape and exploring trends in macrophage-related research within non-small cell lung cancer: a comprehensive bibliometric analysis
Authors: Zhou Yinxue , Wu Tingyu , Sun Jiangxing , Bi Huanhuan , Xiao Yuting , Wang Hongmei
Published: July 2024

Background

Macrophages play a pivotal role in the research landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), contributing significantly to understanding tumor progression, treatment resistance, and immunotherapy efficacy. In this study, we utilized bibliometric techniques to analyze shifts in research hotspots and trends within the field, while also forecasting future research directions. These insights aim to offer guidance for both clinical therapeutic interventions and foundational scientific inquiries.

Methods

All publications were released between 1993 and 2023 and focus on research pertaining to macrophages in the field of NSCLC. The articles were identified from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed using VOSviewer 1.6.19, CiteSpace 6.2.R2, and Scimago Graphica 1.0.35.

Result

A total of 361 articles authored by 3,072 researchers from 48 countries were included in the analysis. TAMs have gained increasing attention for their role in NSCLC development and as potential therapeutic targets. Modulating TAM behavior may offer avenues to suppress tumor growth and drug resistance, improving patient outcomes. International collaboration, particularly between China and the United States, accelerates progress in NSCLC research, benefiting patients worldwide. The research hotspot revolves around understanding the role of macrophages in immunotherapy, focusing on their contribution to tumor progression, therapeutic resistance, and potential as therapeutic targets in NSCLC.

Conclusions

The therapeutic significance of macrophages in the field of NSCLC is gaining increasing attention and recognition, highlighting their potential as key players in the development of novel treatment strategies. Future research will focus on understanding TAM molecular mechanisms, interactions with immune cells, and exploring novel therapies, with the aim of improving NSCLC treatment outcomes.
Medical education during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: an umbrella review
Authors: Nejadghaderi Seyed Aria , Khoshgoftar Zohreh , Fazlollahi Asra , Nasiri Mohammad Javad
Published: July 2024

Background

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected many aspects of lifestyle and medical education during the recent years. We aimed to determine the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on medical education to provide an overview of systematic reviews on it.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Google Scholar, and medRxiv, with the following keywords: “SARS-CoV-2,” “COVID-19,” “Medical Education,” “E-learning,” “Distance Education,” “Online Learning,” “Virtual Education,” “systematic review,” and “meta-analysis,” up to 15 April 2023. Studies were included if they were systematic reviews assessing the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on medical sciences students. We used A MeaSurement Tool to Assess systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) checklist for quality assessment.

Results

A total of 28 systematic reviews were included. The eligible reviews included between five and 64 primary studies, ranging from 897 to 139,381 participants. Technology-enhanced learning and simulation-based learning were the most frequently used strategies. Virtual teaching has several drawbacks like technical difficulties, confidentiality problems, lower student involvement, connection problems, and digital fatigue. The overall satisfaction rate for online learning was above 50%. Also, favorable opinions about perception, acceptability, motivation, and engagement were reported. The quality of 27 studies were critically low and one was low.

Conclusion

There were reduced clinical exposure and satisfaction for medical students during the pandemic. Further high-quality systematic reviews are required.
The immunopathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastric cancer: a narrative review
Authors: Shirani Maryam , Shariati Saeedeh , Bazdar Monireh , Sojoudi Ghamnak Faezeh , Moradi Melika , Shams Khozani Reyhane , Taki Elahe , Arabsorkhi Zahra , Heidary Mohsen , Eskandari Dorsa Bahrami
Published: July 2024

Helicobacter pylori infection is a well-established risk factor for the development of gastric cancer (GC). Understanding the immunopathogenesis underlying this association is crucial for developing effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. This narrative review comprehensively explores the immunopathogenesis of H. pylori-induced GC by delving into several key aspects, emphasizing the pivotal roles played by H. pylori virulence factors, including cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (vacA), blood group antigen-binding adhesin (babA), and sialic acid binding adhesin (sabA). Moreover, the review focuses on the role of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokines in the complex interplay between chronic infection and gastric carcinogenesis. Finally, the study examines the association between H. pylori evasion of the innate and adaptive immune response and development of GC. A comprehensive understanding of the immunopathogenesis of H. pylori-induced GC is essential for designing targeted interventions to prevent and manage this disease. Further research is warranted to elucidate the intricate immune responses involved and identify potential therapeutic targets to improve patient outcomes.
Development of ocular dominance columns across rodents and other species: revisiting the concept of critical period plasticity
Authors: Takahata Toru
Published: July 2024

The existence of cortical columns, regarded as computational units underlying both lower and higher-order information processing, has long been associated with highly evolved brains, and previous studies suggested their absence in rodents. However, recent discoveries have unveiled the presence of ocular dominance columns (ODCs) in the primary visual cortex (V1) of Long-Evans rats. These domains exhibit continuity from layer 2 through layer 6, confirming their identity as genuine ODCs. Notably, ODCs are also observed in Brown Norway rats, a strain closely related to wild rats, suggesting the physiological relevance of ODCs in natural survival contexts, although they are lacking in albino rats. This discovery has enabled researchers to explore the development and plasticity of cortical columns using a multidisciplinary approach, leveraging studies involving hundreds of individuals—an endeavor challenging in carnivore and primate species. Notably, developmental trajectories differ depending on the aspect under examination: while the distribution of geniculo-cortical afferent terminals indicates matured ODCs even before eye-opening, consistent with prevailing theories in carnivore/primate studies, examination of cortical neuron spiking activities reveals immature ODCs until postnatal day 35, suggesting delayed maturation of functional synapses which is dependent on visual experience. This developmental gap might be recognized as ‘critical period’ for ocular dominance plasticity in previous studies. In this article, I summarize cross-species differences in ODCs and geniculo-cortical network, followed by a discussion on the development, plasticity, and evolutionary significance of rat ODCs. I discuss classical and recent studies on critical period plasticity in the venue where critical period plasticity might be a component of experience-dependent development. Consequently, this series of studies prompts a paradigm shift in our understanding of species conservation of cortical columns and the nature of plasticity during the classical critical period.
Primary familial brain calcification presenting with parkinsonism and motor complications caused by a novel SLC20A2 variant: a case report
Authors: Sun Dandan , Wang Yu , Wang Jiawei , Wang Shijing , Zhu Ling , Xia Kun , Zhang Yunyun , Wang Xun
Published: July 2024

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), also known as Fahr’s disease, is a central nervous system calcium deposition disorder with symmetrical basal ganglia calcification. Most PFBC cases are caused by SLC20A2 gene variant. We report a Chinese female patient with PFBC and dopamine-responsive parkinsonism who had motor fluctuations and dyskinesia and recovered effectively after symptomatic medication adjustment. A novel heterozygous missense variant was found by whole-exome sequencing and proven harmful by family validation and genetic analysis. This example expands the phenotype of SLC20A2-associated PFBC patients and shows the clinical efficacy of dopaminergic replacement treatment.