bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CARACTERIZAÇÃO ERITROCITOMÉTRICA DIFERENCIAL ENTRE PORTADORES DE ANEMIA POR DEFICIÊNCIA DE FERRO, TRAÇO FALCIFORME E BETA TALASSEMIA MENOR
Authors: HENNEBERG Railson , LEITE Amauri Antiquera , NASCIMENTO Aguinaldo José do
Published: September 2014

O número de funções discriminantes baseadas na automação, incorporou vários parâmetros relacionados ás células eritrocitárias, que foram desenvolvidas para diferenciar as várias formas de anemia. O objetivo deste trabalho, foi estabelecer padrões de diferenciação através dos índices eritrocitométricos em três estados patológicos do metabolismo da hemoglobina: a deficiência de ferro, o traço falciforme e a beta talassemia menor. A deficiência de ferro foi caracterizada em pacientes com níveis de ferritina abaixo de 10 ng/dL, enquanto que a beta talassemia menor e o traço falciforme foram definidas pela resistência osmótica alterada, teste de solubilidade para a hemoglobina S e eletroforese de hemoglobina. O grupo de talassêmicos revelou característica marcante em relação à elevada contagem de eritrócitos (acima de 5 milhões/mm3), diminuição do VCM e HCM (respectivamente abaixo de 71 fL e 24 pg) e presença de ponteado basófilo em todas as extensões sangüíneas analisadas, já no grupo deficiente de ferro houve grande variação quanto ao grau de microcitose e hipocrômia, podendo apresentar parâmetros semelhantes aos encontrados na beta talassemia menor. Por outro lado, o grupo de portadores do traço falciforme, apresentaram normocitose e normocromia . A elevação do RDW acima de 20% foi encontrada apenas no grupo deficiente de ferro, porém valores acima do normal (14,5%) foram encontrados nas três patologias, dificultando uma diferenciação por este parâmetro. Nosso estudo permite concluir que é possível presumir os portadores de beta talassemia menor, diferenciando-os daqueles portadores de anemia por deficiência de ferro e solicitar eletroforese de hemoglobina quantitativa, mas não é possível suspeitar dos que seriam portadores do traço falciforme, apenas pelos dados do eritrograma.
AVALIAÇÃO DA QUALIDADE BACTERIOLÓGICA DA ÁGUA CONSUMIDA NO CAMPUS III (JARDIM BOTÂNICO) DA UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARANÁ, CURITIBA, BRASIL.
Authors: SCHAZMANN Roberta Dotta , MENONCIN Fabiana , ELPO Eliane Rose Serpe , GOMES Eliane Carneiro
Published: September 2014

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade bacteriológica da água, destinada ao consumo humano, dos Setores de Ciências da Saúde, Ciências Sociais e Aplicadas e Ciências Agrárias (Sede Botânico), fornecida pela Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (SANEPAR), e pelo único poço artesiano. A técnica utilizada foi a de fermentação de tubos múltiplos que determina o número mais provável (NMP) de bactérias coliformes em 100 mL de água. Os resultados obtidos para todos os pontos de coleta de água não registraram a presença de bactérias coliformes totais e termotolerantes em 100 mL de água analisada. Concluiu-se que sob o ponto de vista bacteriológico, esta água é adequada para o consumo humano, de acordo com a Portaria 518 de 25 de Março de 2004 do Ministério da Saúde. As análises foram realizadas no laboratório de Saúde Pública e Saúde Ambiental do Curso de Farmácia da Universidade Federal do Paraná.
Penile injuries: A 10-year experience
Authors: Reddy S V Krishna , Shaik Ahammad Basha , K Srinivas Rao
Published: September 2014

We report our 10-year experience with penile injuries. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 156 cases of male external genitalia injuries between May 2002 and December 2012. Of these, only 26 patients presented without urethral injuries and were included in this study. Patients were divided into 4 groups: Group 1 (n = 12) with patients with penile fractures injuries; Group 2 (n = 5) with patients with penile amputation injuries; Group 3 (n = 2) with patients with penile penetrating injuries; and Group 4 (n = 7) with patients with penile soft tissue injuries. Grading of injury was done using the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma (AAST)-Organ injury scale of penile injury. Penile injuries without urethral injuries are urological emergencies which require immediate attention.
Plasmakinetic vaporization versus plasmakinetic resection to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia: A prospective randomized trial with 1 year follow-up
Authors: Karadag Mert Ali , Cecen Kursat , Demir Aslan , Kocaaslan Ramazan , Altunrende Fatih
Published: September 2014

Introduction: We evaluate the efficacy and outcomes of plasmakinetic vaporization (PKVP) and plasmakinetic resection (PKR) to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).Methods: A total of 183 patients with BPH underwent plasmakinetic prostatic surgery between 2008 and 2012 at Kars State Hospital and Kafkas University Faculty of Medicine, Turkey. After clinical and preoperative evaluation, the patients were randomized to PKRP or PKVP groups sequentially by using computer-generated numbers. Group 1 included 96 patients treated with PKR. Group 2 included 87 patients treated with PKVP. Patients in both groups were compared in terms of hemoglobin drop, operation time, catheter duration, reobstruction, incontinence and recatheterization.Results: When we compared the maximum flow rates (Qmax values) at the 12th month, there was no statistical difference between 2 groups. Group 1 had a mean Qmax value of 17.92 ± 3.819 and Group 2 had a 18.15 ± 3.832 value (p > 0.05). There was a statistical difference between the groups in terms of hemoglobin drop, catheter duration and operation time. The mean catheter duration in Group 1 was 3.74 ± 1.049 days, and in Group 2 it was 2.64 ± 0.849 days (p < 0.05). Operation time was statistically longer in Group 2 (PKVP) and hemoglobin drop was statistically higher in Group 1 (PKR).Conclusion: PKVP for BPH is safe and effective. When compared with PKRP, it provides a significantly shorter catheter duration and less bleeding due to hemostasis control with similar IPSS and Qmax improvements after 1 year.
Morbidity and functional mid-term outcomes using the Prolift pelvic floor repair systems
Authors: Kozal Sébastien , Ripert Thomas , Bayoud Younes , Menard Johan , Nicolacopoulos Ioannis , Bednarzyck Laurence , Staerman Frederic , Larre Stéphane
Published: September 2014

Introduction: We assess midterm morbidity and functional outcomes using the Prolift (Gynecare/Ethicon, Somerville, NJ) system and identify potential related risk factors. The Prolift mesh system to treat genital prolapse was introduced in 2005. It was withdrawn from the market in early 2013 after rising doubts about safety.Methods: Over a 7-year period, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of 112 consecutive patients who underwent the Prolift procedure since 2006. Intraoperative and postoperative complications, anatomical and functional outcomes were recorded.Results: The median follow-up was 49.5 months (range: 16-85). The mean age was 64.7 ± 10.9 years (range: 40-86). Of the 112 patients, 74 patients had stage 3 (66.1%) and 8 patients had stage 4 (7.14%) vaginal prolapse. Prolift surgery was performed for prolapse recurrence for 26 patients (23.2%). Total mesh was used in 32 patients (29%), an isolated anterior mesh in 57 patients (51%) and an isolated posterior mesh in 23 patients (21%). Concomitant surgical procedures were performed for 44 patients (39.3%). Overall, 72% (18/25) of the complications were managed medically. We reported a failure rate of 8% (n = 9) occurring after a median follow-up of 9.5 months (range: 1-45). Among the 64 patients who had preoperative sexual activity (57.1%), de novo dyspareunia occurred in 9 patients (16.07%). We extracted predictive factors concerning failure, complications and sexuality.Conclusion: Despite its market withdrawal, the Prolift system was associated with good midterm anatomic outcomes and few severe complications. Long-term follow-up data are still lacking, but surgeons and patients may be reassured.
Embryology and adult urology – Not always mutually exclusive: A case report on true hermaphroditism at an adult urology clinic
Authors: Turo Rafal , Derbyshire Laura F , Smolski Michal , Collins Gerald N , Lynch Niall , Lewinski Maryna , Brough Richard J , Sinclair Andrew M
Published: September 2014

True hermaphrodite (TH) is one of the rarest varieties of disorders of sexual differentiation. Most patients present early in the life and are managed by pediatricians. We present a rare case of an adult TH which was first diagnosed by a urologist. We discuss the pathology of TH and its clinical relevance. Knowledge and awareness of embryology are vital to all specialties.
Rhabdomyosarcome paratesticulaire (RMSP) multimétastatique: à propos d’un cas
Authors: Bennani Hassan , Ziouziou Imad , El Ghanmi Jihad , Karmouni Tarik , El Khader Khalid , Koutani Abdellatif , Iben Attya Andaloussi Ahmed
Published: September 2014

Nous rapportons, dans le présent article, le cas clinique d’un RMSP découvert à un stade tardif chez un adolescent, dans le but de confirmer l’évolution fatale de cette pathologie au potentiel métastatique « affreux ». Nous discutons aussi les causes du retard diagnostique, l’implication du sous-type histologique comme facteur pronostique et la place de la chimiothérapie dans le traitement des formes évoluées de la maladie.
Utility and cost-effectiveness of uroflowmetry in a busy pediatric urology practice
Authors: Alyami Fahad , Farhat Walid , Figueroa Victor H. , Romao Rodrigo L.P.
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Uroflowmetry (UF) is frequently employed in daily pediatric urology practice for diagnostic and follow-up purposes. We assess the utility and cost-effectiveness of UF in the management of patients seen at a tertiary care centre.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of consecutive patients who had a UF between January 1, 2010 and March 31, 2010. We collected data on demographics, diagnosis, UF parameters and the impact of the UF on management. The impact on management was defined as indication for surgery, introduction of new medications and bladder retraining based on clinical and UF findings.Results: In total, 524 patients were included in the study. In 63 (12%) patients, UF was performed as part of the evaluation at the first clinic appointment. The most common diagnoses were voiding dysfunction (VD) 41%, hypospadias 26%, vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) 16%, monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis (NE) 8%, posterior urethral valves 5% and meatal stenosis (MS) 4%. In the VD group, UF contributed to a management decision in 25.2% of patients. In the MS group, surgical intervention was based on symptoms and supported by the UF in 41% of patients; in the PUV group, 50% of patients demonstrated high (>20 cc) post-void residual, which aided in management decisions. In contrast, there were virtually no changes in management supported by the UF in the NE, VUR and hypospadias groups. Overall, UF parameters had a direct influence in the management decisions in only 67 (12.8%) patients. Nonetheless, a repeat test was ordered for 44.5% of patients.Conclusions: In an era of financial restraints and in a busy tertiary pediatric urology practice, judicious use of UF for specific indications may translate into a more cost-effective use of time and resources. As expected, patients with VD were the ones that benefited most from the test, as did patients with symptomatic MS and PUV.
Management of post-radiation therapy complications among prostate cancer patients: A case series
Authors: Flannigan Ryan Kendrick , Baverstock Richard John
Published: September 2014

Introduction: Treating prostate cancer with radiation therapy (RT) is a viable option, albeit with its own profile of complications. We describe a unique Canadian report of a single surgeon (RJB) experience in the management of complex post-prostate cancer RT complications.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients who had previously received external beam radiation (XRT) or brachytherapy (BT) for prostate cancer referred to a single surgeon for persistent urologic related difficulties between 2005 and 2010. We used the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) morbidity grading system to assign each patient a 1 to 5 grade for their greatest complication.Results: In total, 15 patients were identified with a total of 43 RT-related complications. Of these 43 complications, 19 presented with obstruction, 8 with radiation failure or new bladder cancer, 6 with hematuria, 5 with intractable incontinence, and 5 with urinary tract infections. These patients required several investigations prior to treatment. Treatment of these complications used surgical, local and medical approaches. In the end, 1 patient had total incontinence, 3 improved their incontinence, 3 had self-catheterization and dilation, 1 voided well, 3 underwent cystectomy with ileo-conduits, 2 had chronic hematuria, and 2 passed away.Conclusion: These patients are heavily investigated and require significant resources, including patient visits, diagnostics and treatment modalities to optimize their condition. Cure is not always possible, but the aim to improve quality of life should guide management.
Studies on Chemical Constituents of Caesalpinia bonduc L. Roxb
Authors: Sarah Mobasher  , Sumayya Saied  , Shaista Naz  , Juhi Khan
Published: September 2014

A new compound caesanol 1 and a known diterpene 6β, 7β-dibenzoyloxyvouacapen-5α-ol 2 is isolated for the first time from ethanolic extract of aerial part of this plant. Structures of both were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.
Counting Shadows – Measuring trafficking in Persons in Australia
Authors: Wise Matthew , Schloenhardt Andreas
Published: September 2014

The true extent and nature of trafficking in persons in Australia remains a mystery despite wild speculations about the scale of this problem. This article aims to dispel some of the confusion surrounding trafficking in persons by examining the claims made about the prevalence of this offence and displacing many of the myths about the number of victims in Australia. This involves an analysis of the Australian Government’s approach to data collection and a critical examination of the data provided by non-official sources, especially non-governmental organisations and advocacy groups. The article also investigates the ‘dark figure’ of trafficking in persons in Australia and concludes by developing recommendations to measure trafficking in persons in Australia more accurately and by offering directions for further research in this field.
Coupling of remote alternating-access transport mechanisms for protons and substrates in the multidrug efflux pump AcrB
Authors: Eicher Thomas , Seeger Markus A , Anselmi Claudio , Zhou Wenchang , Brandstätter Lorenz , Verrey François , Diederichs Kay , Faraldo-Gómez José D , Pos Klaas M
Published: September 2014

Membrane transporters of the RND superfamily confer multidrug resistance to pathogenic bacteria, and are essential for cholesterol metabolism and embryonic development in humans. We use high-resolution X-ray crystallography and computational methods to delineate the mechanism of the homotrimeric RND-type proton/drug antiporter AcrB, the active component of the major efflux system AcrAB-TolC in Escherichia coli, and one most complex and intriguing membrane transporters known to date. Analysis of wildtype AcrB and four functionally-inactive variants reveals an unprecedented mechanism that involves two remote alternating-access conformational cycles within each protomer, namely one for protons in the transmembrane region and another for drugs in the periplasmic domain, 50 Å apart. Each of these cycles entails two distinct types of collective motions of two structural repeats, coupled by flanking α-helices that project from the membrane. Moreover, we rationalize how the cross-talk among protomers across the trimerization interface might lead to a more kinetically efficient efflux system.
Improved Formulae for the Inductance of Straight Wires
Authors: Aebischer H. A. , Aebischer B.
Published: September 2014

The best analytical formulae for the self-inductance of rectangular coils of circular cross section available in the literature were derived from formulae for the partial inductance of straight wires, which, in turn, are based on the well-known formula for the mutual inductance of parallel current filaments, and on the exact value of the geometric mean distance (GMD) for integrating the mutual inductance formula over the cross section of the wire. But in this way, only one term of the mutual inductance formula is integrated, whereas it contains also other terms. In the formulae found in the literature, these other terms are either completely neglected, or their integral is only coarsely approximated. We prove that these other terms can be accurately integrated by using the arithmetic mean distance (AMD) and the arithmetic mean square distance (AMSD) of the wire cross section. We present general formulae for the partial and mutual inductance of straight wires of any cross section and for any frequency based on the use of the GMD, AMD, and AMSD. Since partial inductance of single wires cannot be measured, the errors of the analytical approximations are computed with the help of exact computations of the six-dimensional integral defining induction. These are obtained by means of a coordinate transformation that reduces the six-dimensional integral to a three-dimensional one, which is then solved numerically. We give examples of an application of our analytical formulae to the calculation of the inductance of short-circuited two-wire lines. The new formulae show a substantial improvement in accuracy for short wires.
Clastobryophilum (Bryophyta: Sematophyllaceae) new to the Australian flora
Authors: Cairns Andi , Meagher David
Published: September 2014

The genus Clastobryophilum (Bryophyta: Sematophyllaceae) is reported as new to the Australian flora on the basis of a recent collection of Clastobryophilum balansaeanum from northern Queensland. This species was previously known only from New Caledonia.
New species of Pertusaria from China
Authors: Ren Qiang
Published: September 2014

Seven new species, Pertusaria neotropica (with lichexanthone, hypothamnolic and salazinic acids), P. parasommerfeltii (with 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone and 2'-O-methylperlatolic acid), P. qinbaensis (norstictic acid and stictic acids), P. qiujiabaensis (with norstictic acid and 4,5-dichlorolichexanthone), P. sejilaensis (with protocetraric acid), P. subviolacea (with hypothamnolic and cryptothamnolic acids) and P. taibaiensis (with norstictic acid), are reported from China.
Synthesis of Oligonucleotides Containing 4,5′,8‐Trimethylpsoralen at the 2′‐OPosition and Their Cross‐Linking Properties with RNAs
Authors: Kobori Akio , Yamayoshi Asako , Murakami Akira
Published: September 2014

4,5′,8‐Trimethylpsoralen‐conjugated oligonucleotides have been used in the study of photo‐cross‐linking with target oligonucleotides and in the field of the photodynamic therapy. This unit describes synthetic procedures for oligonucleotides using 2′‐O‐methylphosphoramidite units and an adenosine phosphoramidite unit containing a 4,5′,8‐trimethylpsoralen derivative attached at the 2′ position of an adenosine sugar moiety via an ethoxymethylene linkage. Procedures for obtaining the photo‐cross‐linking efficiency of 2′‐O‐methyloligonucleotides containing a 4,5′,8‐trimethylpsoralen derivative with a target oligonucleotide under UV irradiation conditions are also described, together with the procedure for preparation of32P‐radiolabeled RNA.Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 58:5.15.1‐5.15.15. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparative Protein Structure Modeling Using MODELLER
Authors: Webb Benjamin , Sali Andrej
Published: September 2014

Functional characterization of a protein sequence is one of the most frequent problems in biology. This task is usually facilitated by accurate three‐dimensional (3‐D) structure of the studied protein. In the absence of an experimentally determined structure, comparative or homology modeling can sometimes provide a useful 3‐D model for a protein that is related to at least one known protein structure. Comparative modeling predicts the 3‐D structure of a given protein sequence (target) based primarily on its alignment to one or more proteins of known structure (templates). The prediction process consists of fold assignment, target‐template alignment, model building, and model evaluation. This unit describes how to calculate comparative models using the program MODELLER and discusses all four steps of comparative modeling, frequently observed errors, and some applications. Modeling lactate dehydrogenase from Trichomonas vaginalis (TvLDH) is described as an example. The download and installation of the MODELLER software is also described. Curr. Protoc. Bioinform. 47:5.6.1‐5.6.32. © 2014 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Decision‐making scenarios for reducing the computational complexity in a green cognitive radio receiver
Authors: Bourbia Salma , Guennec Daniel Le , Grati Khaled , Ghazel Adel
Published: September 2014

The idea that we highlight in this paper is how to reduce the computational complexity by limiting the processing in the receiver chain. For this we seek for limiting the use of the beamforming process and the equalization process according to the conditions. Indeed, with the cognitive features the receiver observes its environment and decides to either keep or turn off these processes without degrading its performances. The decision method that we developed is based on the statistical modeling of the radio environment, and the purpose of this approach is to minimize the percentage of bad decisions by considering the errors of observation. Furthermore, we first address the two decision scenarios separately and we seek to prove that the decisions to turn off the equalizer and the beamforming, when they are not necessary, lead to reduce the computational complexity of the receiver. Then we focus on the behavior of the receiver facing both decision scenarios. Thus, we formulate the decision problem in two different ways: in the first case we consider that the receiver performs joint decisions about the two operations of beamforming and equalization, in the second case we suppose that it handles the two decision scenarios sequentially. We compare then the performance of the receiver in the two cases.
Next‐Generation Severe Weather Forecasting and Communication
Authors: Rothfusz Lans P. , Karstens Christopher , Hilderband Douglas
Published: September 2014

Despite advances in the hazardous weather predictive skills of forecasters from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Weather Service (NWS) [Simmons and Sutter, 2011], the underlying methodologies used to generate severe weather watches (i.e., announcements that the potential for severe weather exists) and warnings (i.e., announcements that severe weather conditions are occurring or imminent) have changed little since they were first issued in 1965. The resulting text‐based, deterministic (i.e., a single, most accurate value) messages lack the detail and flexibility to match the technology, science, diversity, lifestyles, and vulnerability of society today.
Isolation and Characterization of 1 β‐Acetoxypolygodial from Tasmannia lanceolata
Authors: Deans Ross M. , Gardiner Michael G. , Horne James , Hung Amos C. , Hyland Christopher J. T. , Just Jeremy , Smith Jason A. , Yin JieXiang
Published: September 2014

A metabolite identified as 1β‐acetoxypolygodial was isolated from the leaves and stems of a single specimen of Tasmannia lanceolata along with the previously reported 1β‐acetoxyisodrimeninol. The structure of 1β‐acetoxypolygodial was assigned by NMR spectroscopy and supported by X‐ray crystallography.
Short‐term outcomes of purely endoscopic endonasal resection of orbital tumors: a systematic review
Authors: Dubal Pariket M. , Svider Peter F. , Denis Daniel , Folbe Adam J. , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: September 2014

Background

The purpose of this review was to evaluate outcomes in transnasal endoscopic approaches for the management of extraconal and intraconal orbital tumors.

Methods

A systematic review of studies on purely endoscopic endonasal orbital tumor resections was conducted using the MEDLINE database. Data extracted and analyzed from selected studies included study type, sample size, demographics, symptomatology, tumor characteristics, complications, follow‐up time, and recurrence.

Results

Thirty‐nine studies were identified and included, containing patient data for 71 cases. Mean patient age was 47 years (range, 1–75 years), and 53.5% of patients were male. Primary site of the tumor was orbital in 69.0% of the cases, of which 51.0% were intraconal and 30.6% were extraconal. The most common reported histopathology was cavernous hemangioma (45.1%). Intraoperative complications were reported in 5.6% of cases. Postoperative complications were noted in 29.6% of cases, the majority of which were transient (76.2%). There was no significant difference in postoperative complication rate between intraconal and extraconal primary site tumors (p = 0.302). Recurrence rate was 4.2%.

Conclusion

Purely endoscopic endonasal resection of orbital tumors is a viable alternative technique to traditional external procedures, with the inherent advantages of minimally invasive surgery. This study of 71 cases represents the largest pooled sample size to date, and the increasing use of endoscopic procedures will allow for future analyses with greater statistical power.
Assessment of epithelial innate antimicrobial factors in sinus tissue from patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Lee Jivianne T. , Escobar Oswaldo H. , Anouseyan Rabin , Janisiewicz Agnieszka , Eivers Edward , Blackwell Keith E. , Keschner David B. , Garg Rohit , Porter Edith
Published: September 2014

Background

Airway secretions contain endogenous antimicrobial factors (AMFs) that contribute to the innate host defense of the respiratory tract. Antibacterial peptides as well as host‐derived lipids including cholesteryl esters have been detected in maxillary lavage fluid. Sterol O‐acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1) is a key enzyme in cholesteryl ester production. The purpose of this study is to determine if such intrinsic microbicidal molecules are acutely expressed within sinus tissue and to compare levels of expression between patients with and without chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

Methods

Sinus tissue was obtained from subjects with (24) and without (9) a history of CRS. Six CRS patients had nasal polyposis (CRSwNP). Immunofluorescence staining for human neutrophil peptide (HNP) was done as a marker for inflammation. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) following RNA extraction was used to quantify the expression of SOAT‐1, the epithelial beta‐defensins (HBD2 and HBD3), and the cathelicidin LL37 with ribosomal protein, large, P0 (RPLP0) as the housekeeping gene.

Results

Immunofluorescence showed significant increase in HNP staining in CRS patients without nasal polyposis (CRSsNP) vs non‐CRS specimens (p = 0.010), in agreement with clinical inflammation status. SOAT1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was also upregulated in CRSsNP compared to non‐CRS (p = 0.041) and CRSwNP (p = 0.005) patients, whereas increases for HBD2 and HBD3 were less prominent. LL37 was either absent or expressed at very low levels in all samples.

Conclusion

Increased biosynthesis of SOAT1, a key enzyme for antimicrobial cholesteryl ester production, was observed in the sinus tissue of CRSsNP patients but not in CRSwNP patients. This further supports the novel concept of lipid‐mediated innate mucosal defense and delineates CRS with and without nasal polyposis as distinct subtypes.
Festkörperstruktur eines Li/F‐Carbenoids: Pentafluorethyllithium
Authors: Waerder Benedikt , Steinhauer Simon , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mix Andreas , Vishnevskiy Yury V. , Hoge Berthold , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: September 2014

Lithiumcarbenoide sind durch ihr faszinierendes ambiphiles Reaktionsverhalten vielseitig anwendbare Verbindungen in der Synthese. Obwohl diese Verbindungsklasse seit vielen Jahren bekannt ist, sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Reaktivität und geringen thermischen Stabilität nur wenige Molekülstrukturen im Festkörper bekannt. Die Verwendung von Kryo‐Techniken ermöglichte die Bestimmung der ersten Molekülstruktur eines Li/F‐Alkylcarbenoids, Pentafluorethyllithium (LiC2F5), im Festkörper mittels Röntgenbeugung. LiC2F5dient als Prototyp zur Untersuchung der Struktur‐Reaktivitäts‐Beziehungen dieser Verbindungsklasse. Die Verbindung bildet ein Diethylether‐stabilisiertes Dimer mit selten auftretenden C‐F‐Li‐Bindungen. Ergänzende NMR‐Studien zeigen ein dynamisches Verhalten in Lösung und deuten auf einen raschen Austausch zwischen Ausgangsmaterial und Produkt hin. Theoretische Untersuchungen stützen das Verständnis der Bildung des beobachteten ungewöhnlichen Strukturmotivs.
Differential Reduction of CO2 by Molybdenum and Vanadium Nitrogenases
Authors: Rebelein Johannes G. , Hu Yilin , Ribbe Markus W.
Published: September 2014

The molybdenum and vanadium nitrogenases are two homologous enzymes with distinct structural and catalytic features. Previously, it was demonstrated that the V nitrogenase was nearly 700 times more active than its Mo counterpart in reducing CO to hydrocarbons. Herein, a similar discrepancy between the two nitrogenases in the reduction of CO2 is reported, with the V nitrogenase being capable of reducing CO2 to CO, CD4, C2D4, and C2D6, and its Mo counterpart only capable of reducing CO2 to CO. Furthermore, it is shown that the V nitrogenase may direct the formation of CD4 in part via CO2‐derived CO, but that it does not catalyze the formation of C2D4 and C2D6 along this route. The exciting observation of a V nitrogenase‐catalyzed CC coupling with CO2 as the origin of the building blocks adds another interesting reaction to the catalytic repertoire of this unique enzyme system. The differential activities of the V and Mo nitrogenases in CO2 reduction provide an important framework for systematic investigations of this reaction in the future.
Enhancing Luminescence in Lanthanide‐Doped Upconversion Nanoparticles
Authors: Han Sanyang , Deng Renren , Xie Xiaoji , Liu Xiaogang
Published: September 2014

The enthusiasm for research on lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles is driven by both a fundamental interest in the optical properties of lanthanides embedded in different host lattices and their promise for broad applications ranging from biological imaging to photodynamic therapy. Despite the considerable progress made in the past decade, the field of upconversion nanoparticles has been hindered by significant experimental challenges associated with low upconversion conversion efficiencies. Recent experimental and theoretical studies on upconversion nanoparticles have, however, led to the development of several effective approaches to enhancing upconversion luminescence, which could have profound implications for a range of applications. Herein we present the underlying principles of controlling energy transfer through lanthanide doping, overview the major advances and key challenging issues in improving upconversion luminescence, and consider the likely directions of future research in the field.
Utilization of Environmentally Benign Dicyandiamide as a Precursor for the Synthesis of Ordered Mesoporous Carbon Nitride and its Application in Base‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Xu Jie , Chen Ting , Jiang Quan , Li Yong‐Xin
Published: September 2014

Assisted by a new dissolution procedure, dicyandiamide (DCDA), an environmentally benign and cheap precursor, has been employed for the synthesis of mesoporous carbon nitride (CN) materials through a nanocasting approach. The synthesized mesoporous materials possessed high specific surface areas (269–715 m2 g−1) with narrow pore‐size distributions (about 5 nm) and faithfully replicated the mesostructures of the SBA‐15 and FDU‐12 templates. Several characterization techniques, including XRD, SAXS, TEM, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, and CO2‐TPD, were used to analyze the physicochemical properties of these materials and the results showed that the mesoporous CND materials had graphitic‐like structures and consisted of CN heterocycles, as well as amino groups. In a series of Knoevenagel condensation reactions, as exemplified by the reaction of various aldehydes and nitriles, these mesoporous CND materials demonstrated high and stable catalytic activities, owing to an abundance of basic sites.
Facile Insertion of Carbon Dioxide into Cu2(μ‐H) Dinuclear Units Supported by Tetraphosphine Ligands
Authors: Nakamae Kanako , Kure Bunsho , Nakajima Takayuki , Ura Yasuyuki , Tanase Tomoaki
Published: September 2014

Reactions of meso‐bis[(diphenylphosphinomethyl)phenylphosphino]methane (dpmppm) with CuI species in the presence of NaBH4 afforded di‐ and tetranuclear copper hydride complexes, [Cu2(μ‐H)(μ‐dpmppm)2]X (1) and [Cu4(μ‐H)2(μ4‐H)(μ‐dpmppm)2]X (2) (X=BF4, PF6). Complex 1 undergoes facile insertion of CO2 (1 atm) at room temperature, leading to a formate‐bridged dicopper complex [Cu2(μ‐HCOO)(dpmppm)2]X (3). The experimental and DFT theoretical studies clearly demonstrate that CO2 insertion into the Cu2(μ‐H) unit occurred with the flexible dicopper platform. Complex 2 also undergoes CO2 insertion to give a formate‐bridged complex, [Cu4(μ‐HCOO)3(dpmppm)2]X, during which the square Cu4 framework opened up to a linear tetranuclear chain.
The role of empirical Bayes methodology as a leading principle in modern medical statistics
Authors: van Houwelingen Hans C.
Published: September 2014

This paper reviews and discusses the role of Empirical Bayes methodology in medical statistics in the last 50 years. It gives some background on the origin of the empirical Bayes approach and its link with the famous Stein estimator. The paper describes the application in four important areas in medical statistics: disease mapping, health care monitoring, meta‐analysis, and multiple testing. It ends with a warning that the application of the outcome of an empirical Bayes analysis to the individual “subjects” is a delicate matter that should be handled with prudence and care.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer
Authors: Ahn H S , Jeong S-H , Son Y G , Lee H-J , Im S-A , Bang Y-J , Kim H-H , Yang H-K
Published: September 2014

Background

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to improve the rate of complete (R0) resection and downstaging in patients with localized gastric cancer. There are few reports, however, regarding its impact on postoperative morbidity and mortality. The aims of this study were to analyse complication and mortality rates after neoadjuvant chemotherapy using a modified regimen of folinic acid, 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin (mFOLFOX6) for locally advanced gastric cancer (AGC), compared with rates in patients who underwent surgery without neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Methods

Data were collected from patients with AGC enrolled in a phase II trial of four cycles of neoadjuvant mFOLFOX6 followed by surgery, between January 2005 and June 2008 at two of three institutions, and compared with those from a cohort of patients with AGC who underwent surgery alone at one of the institutions in 2006.

Results

Among 51 patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy, there were no deaths and a morbidity rate of 24 per cent after surgery. Comparison of 48 patients in one institution who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy with 92 patients who had surgery alone in the same institution showed no increase in postoperative morbidity (23 versus 29 per cent; P = 0·417). Combined resection was the only risk factor for postoperative morbidity after neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with mFOLFOX is a safe treatment for patients with localized AGC, and does not increase postoperative morbidity or mortality.
Flavonoid profiles of immature and mature fruit tissues of Citrus grandis Osbeck (Dangyuja) and overall contribution to the antioxidant effect
Authors: Yu Eun Ae , Kim Gon‐Sup , Lee Ji Eun , Park Semin , Yi Song , Lee Soo Jung , Kim Jae Hoon , Jin Jong Sung , Abd El‐Aty A. M. , Shim Jae‐Han , Shin Sung Chul
Published: September 2014

Citrus fruits are a valuable functional food and their peel is used in East Asian folk medicine. In this study, the polar components of the fruit tissues of Citrus grandis Osbeck were analyzed using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and compared with reported data. Among the 13 characterized compounds, eight flavonoids and one coumarin were identified for the first time in fruit tissues. The total amount of the identified components was the largest for the immature fruit peel, followed by mature fruit peel, mature fruit flesh, and immature fruit flesh. Naringin (2) and neohesperidin (3) were particularly rich in all samples. The antioxidant activity of the flavonoids extracted from fruit tissues increased in a dose‐dependent manner. The activity of the fruit peels was significantly higher than that of the fruit flesh. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ cell retention of a CHO culture by a reverse‐flow diafiltration membrane bioreactor
Authors: Meier Kristina , Djeljadini Suzana , Regestein Lars , Büchs Jochen , Carstensen Frederike , Wessling Matthias , Holland Tanja , Raven Nicole
Published: September 2014

Heterogeneities occur in various bioreactor designs including cell retention devices. Whereas in external devices changing environmental conditions cannot be prevented, cells are retained in their optimal environment in internal devices. Conventional reverse‐flow diafiltration utilizes an internal membrane device, but pulsed feeding causes temporal heterogeneities. In this study, the influence of conventional reverse‐flow diafiltration on the yeast Hansenula polymorpha is investigated. Alternating 180 s of feeding with 360 s of non‐feeding at a dilution rate of 0.2 h−1 results in an oscillating DOT signal with an amplitude of 60%. Thereby, induced short‐term oxygen limitations result in the formation of ethanol and a reduced product concentration of 25%. This effect is enforced at increased dilution rate. To overcome this cyclic problem, sequential operation of three membranes is introduced. Thus, quasi‐continuous feeding is achieved reducing the oscillation of the DOT signal to an amplitude of 20% and 40% for a dilution rate of 0.2 h−1 and 0.5 h−1, respectively. Fermentation conditions characterized by complete absence of oxygen limitation and without formation of overflow metabolites could be obtained for dilution rates from 0.1 h−1 – 0.5 h−1. Thus, sequential operation of three membranes minimizes oscillations in the DOT signal providing a nearly homogenous culture over time. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 30:1348–1355, 2014
Integration of Aqueous Two‐Phase Extraction into Downstream Processing
Authors: Eggersgluess Jan , Wellsandt Tim , Strube Jochen
Published: September 2014

Aqueous two‐phase extraction (ATPE) is increasingly considered to be a feasible unit operation, e.g., for the capture of monoclonal antibodies or recombinant proteins. So far, knowledge on the applicability of ATPE in antibody processes has been collected mostly in lab‐scale. In contrast, approaches for the integration of ATPE into a downstream process are investigated. A complete process sequence including extraction, washing, ultrafiltration, and ion‐exchange chromatography is discussed and suggested for antibody purification. Excellent antibody purities can be achieved. Additionally, a model is applied that allows early‐on prediction of a multistage ATPE with high prediction accuracy. Finally, an economic evaluation between ATPE and Protein A chromatography is performed, reaching up to five‐fold cost‐saving factors.
CFD Modeling of a Carbonation Reactor with a K‐Based Dry Sorbent for CO2 Capture
Authors: Yu Guangbin , Dai Bing , Chen Juhui , Liu Di , Yu Xiaoyang , Shao Junpeng , Zhao Lei
Published: September 2014

A 2D CFD simulation of the carbonation reactor is carried out to evaluate the performance of potassium‐based dry sorbent during the CO2 capture process. A multiscale drag coefficient model is incorporated into the two‐fluid model to take the effects of clusters into account. The influence of several parameters on CO2 removal is investigated. The results indicate that increasing the reactor height and reducing the gas velocity can lengthen the residence time of particles and enhance the CO2 removal. The operating pressure has a significant influence on the performance of solid sorbents. A higher pressure will decrease the CO2 removal efficiency.
Thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Based Quinoidal Small Molecules: Synthesis, Characterization, Redox Behavior, and n‐Channel Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Wang Chao , Zang Yaping , Qin Yunke , Zhang Qian , Sun Yuanhui , Di Chong‐an , Xu Wei , Zhu Daoben
Published: September 2014

We report the synthesis, characterization, redox behavior, and n‐channel organic field‐effect (OFET) characteristics of a new class of thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene‐diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based quinoidal small molecules 3 and 4. Under ambient atmosphere, solution‐processed thin‐film transistors based on 3 and 4 exhibit maximum electron mobilities up to 0.22 and 0.16 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively, with on‐off current ratios (Ion/Ioff) of more than than 106. Cyclic voltammetry analysis showed that this class of quinoidal derivatives exhibited excellent reversible two‐stage reduction behavior. This property was further investigated by a stepwise reductive titration of 4, in which sequential reduction to the radical anion and then the dianion were observed.
Chelating Ruthenium Phenolate Complexes: Synthesis, General Catalytic Activity, and Applications in Olefin Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Kozłowska Anna , Dranka Maciej , Zachara Janusz , Pump Eva , Slugovc Christian , Skowerski Krzysztof , Grela Karol
Published: September 2014

Cyclic Ru‐phenolates were synthesized, and these compounds were used as olefin metathesis catalysts. Investigation of their catalytic activity pointed out that, after activation with chemical agents, these catalysts promote ring‐closing metathesis (RCM), enyne and cross‐metathesis (CM) reactions, including butenolysis, with good results. Importantly, these latent catalysts are soluble in neat dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and show good applicability in ring‐opening metathesis polymeriyation (ROMP) of this monomer.
Synthesis and Characterization of Donor–π‐Acceptor‐Based Porphyrin Sensitizers: Potential Application of Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Sreenivasu Mareedu , Suzuki Akira , Adachi Mitsuhiro , Kumar Challuri Vijay , Srikanth Bingi , Rajendar S. , Rambabu Dasa , Kumar Rangaraju Satish , Mallesham P. , Rao N. Vijaya Bhaskar , Kumar M. Suresh , Reddy P. Y.
Published: September 2014

New porphyrin sensitizers based on donor–π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) approach have been designed, synthesized, characterized by various spectroscopic techniques and their photovoltaic properties explored. N,N′‐Diphenylamine acts as donor, the porphyrin is the π‐spacer, and either carboxylic acid or cyanoacryclic acid acts as acceptor. All compounds were characterized by using 1H NMR spectroscopy, ESI‐MS, UV–visible emission spectroscopies as well as electrochemical methods. The presence of aromatic groups between porphyrin π‐plane and acceptor group push the absorption of both Soret and Q‐bands of porphyrin towards the red region. The electrochemical properties suggests that LUMO of these sensitizers above the TiO2 conduction band. Finally, the device was fabricated using liquid redox electrolyte (I−/I3−) and its efficiency was compared with that of a leading sensitizer.
Discovery and Characterization of 2‐(Cyclopropanesulfonamido)‐N‐(2‐ethoxyphenyl)benzamide, ML382: a Potent and Selective Positive Allosteric Modulator of MrgX1
Authors: Wen Wandong , Wang Yan , Li Zhe , Tseng Pang‐Yen , McManus Owen B. , Wu Meng , Li Min , Lindsley Craig W. , Dong Xinzhong , Hopkins Corey R.
Published: September 2014

Previous studies have shown that the activation of mouse MrgC11, a G‐protein‐coupled receptor, by its peptide ligand BAM8‐22 can inhibit chronic pain. A large‐scale screen has been carried out to isolate small‐molecule allosteric agonists of MrgX1, the human homologue of MrgC11. The goal of this study is to improve the efficacy and potency of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) with therapeutic implications in combating chronic pain. Herein we report an iterative parallel synthesis effort and a structure–activity relationship study of a series of arylsulfonamides which led to the discovery of the first PAM of MrgX1, ML382.
A survey of recommendation techniques based on offline data processing
Authors: Ren Yongli , Li Gang , Zhou Wanlei
Published: September 2014

Recommendations based on offline data processing has attracted increasing attention from both research communities and IT industries. The recommendation techniques could be used to explore huge volumes of data, identify the items that users probably like, translate the research results into real‐world applications and so on. This paper surveys the recent progress in the research of recommendations based on offline data processing, with emphasis on new techniques (such as temporal recommendation, graph‐based recommendation and trust‐based recommendation), new features (such as serendipitous recommendation) and new research issues (such as tag recommendation and group recommendation). We also provide an extensive review of evaluation measurements, benchmark data sets and available open source tools. Finally, we outline some existing challenges for future research. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GSWABE: faster GPU‐accelerated sequence alignment with optimal alignment retrieval for short DNA sequences
Authors: Liu Yongchao , Schmidt Bertil
Published: September 2014

In this paper, we present GSWABE, a graphics processing unit (GPU)‐accelerated pairwise sequence alignment algorithm for a collection of short DNA sequences. This algorithm supports all‐to‐all pairwise global, semi‐global and local alignment, and retrieves optimal alignments on Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA)‐enabled GPUs. All of the three alignment types are based on dynamic programming and share almost the same computational pattern. Thus, we have investigated a general tile‐based approach to facilitating fast alignment by deeply exploring the powerful compute capability of CUDA‐enabled GPUs. The performance of GSWABE has been evaluated on a Kepler‐based Tesla K40 GPU using a variety of short DNA sequence datasets. The results show that our algorithm can yield a performance of up to 59.1 billions cell updates per second (GCUPS), 58.5 GCUPS and 50.3 GCUPS for global, semi‐global and local alignment, respectively. Furthermore, on the same system GSWABE runs up to 156.0 times faster than the Streaming SIMD Extensions (SSE)‐based SSW library and up to 102.4 times faster than the CUDA‐based MSA‐CUDA (the first stage) in terms of local alignment. Compared with the CUDA‐based gpu‐pairAlign, GSWABE demonstrates stable and consistent speedups with a maximum speedup of 11.2, 10.7, and 10.6 for global, semi‐global, and local alignment, respectively. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.