bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-acting Release Octreotide for Pediatric Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Malla I. , López S. , Busquet L. , Lipsich J. , Sierre S. , Cervio G. , Cuarterolo M.
Published: April 2020

Introducción: La hemorragia digestiva por hipertensión portal, sin alternativa de tratamiento endoscópico o quirúrgico por localizaciones ectópicas, no identificadas del sitio de sangrado o características anatómicas, constituye un desafío terapéutico en Pediatría. El tratamiento habitual incluye la infusión de octreótido endovenoso. En los últimos años, la presentación de octreótido de liberación prolongada (OCT-LAR) para administración mensual intramuscular, resulta una alternativa terapéutica atractiva.Objetivo: Reportar el caso de un lactante con hemorragia digestiva por hipertensión portal que recibió tratamiento exitoso con OCT-LAR.Caso Clínico: Paciente de 8 meses de vida, con malformación de vena porta extrahepática y episodios reiterados de sangrados digestivos con requerimientos transfusionales e infusiones de octréotido, sin posibilidad de tratamiento endoscópico o quirúrgico. Indicamos OCT-LAR intramuscular mensualmente. Después de diez meses de iniciado el tratamiento, el paciente no repitió sangrados digestivos y no presentó efectos adversos relacionados a la medicación.Conclusión: Consideramos que el reporte de este caso puede resultar de utilidad al presentar una nueva alternativa para el tratamiento de pacientes pediátricos con sangrado digestivo por hipertensión portal sin posibilidades terapéuticas convencionales.
Programas de fortalecimiento de prácticas parentales: un aporte a la prevención de conductas externalizantes en preescolares
Authors: Vergara-Barra Pablo , Rincón Paulina , Oliva-Jara Karen , Novoa-Rivera Consuelo , Perez-Huenteo Camila
Published: April 2020

La presencia de conductas externalizantes en la infancia tiene importantes grados de continuidad temporal futura, y es un factor de riesgo de fracaso y abandono escolar, de conductas delictuales, abuso y dependencia de sustancias, de conductas suicidas y de otros trastornos psicopatológicos del desarrollo. En esta revisión se analizan los principales aspectos relacionados con los programas de fortalecimiento de prácticas parentales como dispositivos útiles en el marco de estrategias multicomponentes de trabajo preventivo. La evidencia ha demostrado que la intervención dirigida a madres y padres es crucial en la modificación de problemas de conducta en niños/as, siendo el entrenamiento en habilidades parentales una de las estrategias mejor estudiadas y consideradas de mayor calidad al momento de prevenir el desarrollo de conductas externalizantes.
Lipoblastoma mediastínico en pediatría
Authors: Santos C. María , Herrera O. Patricio
Published: April 2020

Objetivo: Describir dos casos de lipoblastoma mediastínico, patología de baja incidencia y poco conocida, siendo aún más infrecuente en mediastino, sin haber reportes descritos en nuestro país.Casos Clínicos: 2 pacientes, ambos de sexo masculino, menores de 3 años, en los que se encontró como hallazgo incidental una masa mediastínica en una radiografía de tórax. El estudio se complementó con una tomografía computada y en uno de los pacientes con una biopsia toracoscópica. En ambos se logró extirpación completa de la lesión vía toracotomía, siendo apoyado vía toracoscópica previa a la extracción de la lesión en uno de ellos. Uno de los pacientes evolucionó con Síndrome de Claude Bernard Horner el cual resolvió de manera espontánea luego de dos años y el segundo caso no presentó complicaciones.Conclusiones: el lipoblastoma mediastínico es una patología muy poco frecuente, las descripciones de la literatura se asemejan a los casos expuestos en este artículo, concluyendo que presentan un patrón muy similar entre ellos. Teniendo un pronóstico favorable si se logra la resección completa y siendo fundamental diferenciarlo de sus diagnósticos diferenciales para descartar malignidad.
ABC de la diálisis peritoneal en pediatría
Authors: Gajardo Macarena , Cano Francisco
Published: April 2020

La enfermedad renal crónica terminal (ERCT) tiene una incidencia de 5,5 a 9 ppm, y una prevalencia de 23 a 65 ppm en menores de 15 años. La diálisis peritoneal (DP) crónica representa en pediatría la terapia de reemplazo renal más usada, previo al trasplante renal. Existen 2 tipos de DP crónicas, manual (DPCA) y automatizada (DPA), cuya elección se basa en las características del peritoneo evaluado mediante el test de equilibrio peritoneal (PET), que divide a los pacientes en transportadores altos (intercambio rápido), promedio alto, promedio bajo, y bajos (intercambio lento). Este test evalúa básicamente el transporte de solutos, al cual se ha sumado el MiniPET, que evalúa el transporte peritoneal de agua libre. Se debe igualmente determinar la cuantía de diálisis (Kt/V), que representa la dosis de diálisis aplicada, con un valor mínimo sugerido de 1,7, relacionado a la morbimortalidad. Estos parámetros deben ser evaluados periódicamente para ajustar la DP, y cada vez que se sospeche una depuración o ultrafiltración inadecuadas. El objetivo de esta revisión es entregar conceptos básicos sobre fisiología del transporte peritoneal, modalidades de DP, evaluación del transporte de agua y solutos peritoneal, y el cálculo de la dosis de diálisis para una diálisis ajustada a las necesidades de cada paciente, como también revisar los mecanismos de corrección y ajuste del procedimiento cada vez que se requiera.
Composición corporal y trastornos respiratorios del sueño en escolares de Valdivia, Chile
Authors: Da Bove Valentina , Papamichail Claudia , Vera Romina , Santibáñez Ivonne , Castillo Pablo , Barría R. Mauricio
Published: April 2020

La malnutrición por exceso en la infancia constituye una epidemia mundial y se asocia a múltiples enfermedades y complicaciones. Entre ellas, destacan los trastornos respiratorios del sueño (TRS), espectro de enfermedades que han emergido como un problema de salud relevante.Objetivo: Evaluar la relación entre la composición corporal y la presencia de TRS en escolares.Sujetos y Método: Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal en 127 escolares de primero a octavo básico escogidos aleatoriamente de cinco establecimientos municipales de Valdivia, Chile. La incorporación al estudio ocurrió luego del proceso de consentimiento informado del responsable del escolar y asentimiento informado del menor. Se realizaron mediciones antropométricas y se determinó la presencia de TRS mediante el Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ). Para el análisis se aplicó estadística descriptiva, t de Student y test χ2 para determinar asociación de variables con la presencia de TRS.Resultados: Destacó alta prevalencia de malnutrición por exceso (71,7%) y la obesidad alcanzó 39,4%. En tanto la prevalencia de TRS fue 32,3%. Hubo mayor proporción de niños con TRS en escolares obesos severos (56,3%), así como una media significativamente mayor en niños con TRS para los pliegues bicipital (14,6 mm ± 7,3 vs. 12,0 mm ± 6,6; p=0,002) y tricipital (19,8 ± 6,7 mm vs. 16,2 mm ± 6,0; p =0,04).Conclusiones: Existen altas prevalencias de malnutrición por exceso y TRS. De las medidas antropométricas, la presencia de TRS se asoció con mayor grosor de los pliegues bicipital y tricipital.
Donación dirigida de sangre de Cordón Umbilical de Hermano Compatible en el Sistema de Salud Público de Chile
Authors: Sotomayor Cristián , Salas Lucía , Lattus Olmos José , Anguita-Compagnon Alfonso T. , Abarzúa Carolina , Catalán Paula , Palma B Julia
Published: April 2020

Introducción: La sangre de cordón umbilical (SCU) como fuente para trasplante de células progenitoras hematopoyéticas (TPH) está bien establecida. Internacionalmente, menos del 10% de los TPH de SCU corresponde a donantes hermanos compatibles. Dentro de la red del Programa Infantil Nacional de Drogas Antineoplásicas (PINDA), existe desde enero 2004 un programa de donación dirigida de SCU para TPH.Pacientes y Método: Se diseñó un estudio observacional, retrospectivo, descriptivo, se revisaron el número y características de las unidades de SCU recolectadas en el PINDA y el número, características y evolución de los pacientes trasplantados con esas unidades entre enero de 2004 y octubre de 2018.Resultados: Sesenta unidades de SCU han sido recolectadas, de ellas 55 con registro completo. La mediana de volumen de las unidades almacenadas fue 74,8 ml (30,0-170,8), la mediana de células nucleadas totales 7,6 x 10e8 (2,0-21,1), mediana de células CD34+ 1,6 x 10e6 (0,2-11,6). Cuatro pacientes con leucemias de alto riesgo fueron trasplantados; mediana de seguimiento es de 8 años. Todos desarrollaron complicaciones severas post TPH, uno de ellos falleció de recaída y los tres actualmente vivos presentan un Karnofsky/Lansky 100%.Conclusión: El programa ha permitido el trasplante de 4 pacientes que de otro modo no habrían tenido acceso a un donante. Este programa de donación dirigida puede ser considerado una primera etapa para el desarrollo de un banco público de sangre de cordón umbilical en Chile.
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI, DAN KOMPENSASI TERHADAP KINERJA DOSEN
Authors: Saputra Yudha Nata
Published: April 2020

AbstractFor improving the performance of lecturer then lecturer development management in tertiary institutions faculty are being important. There are many factors, both internal and external that affect the performance of the faculty, including the most factors are leadership, motivation and compensation, therefore this study intended to analyze the effect of three factors above either partially or simultaneously towards the performance of lecturers. In order to achieve the research objectives, the research method used is explanatory survey. The findings of the study found that there is a significant effect of leadership variable (X1) on the performance of lecturers (Y) of 27.39%, a significant effect of motivational variables (X2) on the performance of lecturers (Y) of 26.69%, a significant effect of the variable compensation (X3) on the performance of lecturers at 21.03% with three simultaneous effects by 73%, which means the best perception of lecturers on the three variables above, the performance would be even better. Schools need to provide opportunities for lecturers to convey their wishes and hopes for the school. Schools need to reward lecturers for their works done. Compensation for lecturers should be given fairly. Schools need to develop the performance of appraisal system to improve the performance of lecturers. AbstrakDalam rangka meningkatkan kinerja dosen maka manajemen pengembangan dosen di perguruan tinggi menjadi tumpuannya. Ada banyak faktor, baik internal maupun eksternal yang mempengaruhi kinerja dosen, diantaranya adalah faktor kepemimpinan, motivasi dan kompensasi. Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk menganalisa pengaruh dari ketiga faktor tersebut baik secara parsial maupun simultan terhadap kinerja dosen. Metode penelitian yang digunakan eksplanatory survey. Temuan studi menemukan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari variabel kepemimpinan (X1) terhadap kinerja dosen (Y) sebesar 27,39%, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari variabel motivasi (X2) terhadap kinerja dosen (Y) sebesar 26,69%, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari variabel kompensasi (X3) terhadap kinerja dosen sebesar 21,03%, adapun pengaruh simultan ketiganya sebesar 73%, yang berarti semakin baik persepsi dosen pada tiga variabel di atas, kinerjanya akan lebih baik.  Untuk memperkuat posisi kepemimpinan, Ketua STT perlu memberikan kesempatan kepada dosen untuk menyampaikan keinginan-keinginan dan harapan mereka kepada institusi. Untuk meningkatkan motivasi dosen maka ketua perlu memberikan penghargaan kepada dosen atas usaha yang mereka lakukan dalam melaksanakan tugas-tugasnya. Dalam menetapkan kompensasi kepada dosen, hendaknya dilakukan dengan adil. Kemudian untuk meningkatkan kinerja dosen di STT, perlu disusun sistem penilaian kinerja dosen.
IDENTITAS ISLAM DAN PENDIDIKAN DI ERA OTONOMI KHUSUS ACEH
Authors: Fitriah Amaliah
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis article investigates education in the era of Aceh Special Autonomy from the perspective of Acehnese identity politics. The nature of education in Aceh was fundamentally a legacy of conflict, and an arena of continuous identity contestation in the course of Aceh history. This study focuses on the way the implementation of special autonomy and Islamic sharia has altered and reshaped the construction of Acehnese identity. The changes in the curriculum and the structure of education observed in this research has represented the reassertion of Islamic identity in the education of Aceh. However, this reassertion has not necessarily led to an all-Islamised education system in Aceh.  Rather, this development has resulted in a hybrid education system, one which promotes a greater association and convergence between Aceh’s distinct Islamic identity and the Indonesian education secular systems. This result emphasises that Acehnese identity has experienced transformation and negotiation, that is, although Islam has and continously remained the most significant element of Acehese identity, this identity is framed as part of  Indonesian national identity. Therefore, identity is not fixed, but it is flexible and negotiable, as nationalism itself is a form of shared identity.  AbstrakArtikel ini menginvestigasi pendidikan pada era Otonomi Khusus Aceh dalam perspektif politik identitas masyarakat Aceh. Hakikat pendidikan di Aceh merupakan warisan dari konflik dan senantiasa menjadi ajang kontestasi identitas dalam sejarah hubungan antara Aceh dan Jakarta. Tulisan ini akan melihat sejauh mana penerapan Otsus dan Syariat Islam telah membentuk atau mengubah konstruksi identitas Aceh. Perubahan-perubahan dalam kurikulum dan struktur pendidikan sebagaimana ditemukan dalam penelitian ini telah menegaskan kembali identitas Islam dalam pendidikan Aceh. Namun demikian hal ini tidak serta merta mendorong Islamisasi menyeluruh pada sistem pendidikan Aceh. Melainkan telah terbentuk sebuah sistem pendidikan ‘hibrid’ yang menghasilkan penyatuan dan konvergensi antara identitas Islam Aceh dengan sistem pendidikan sekuler Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini meneguhkan argumen bahwa identitas Aceh telah mengalami transformasi dan negosiasi, meskipun Islam telah dan tetap menjadi elemen penting dalam identitas Aceh, namun identitas tersebut  terus menerus ternegosiasikan ke dalam identitas nasional. Identitas bukan merupakan suatu yang tetap, melainkan fleksibel dan dapat dinegosiasikan, karena nasionalisme itu sendiri merupakan sebuah bentuk berbagi identitas.
PENGEMBANGAN KURIKULUM PENDIDIKAN DINIYAH FORMAL (PDF) DI PESANTREN ULYA ZAINUL HASAN PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Saridudin Saridudin
Published: April 2020

AbstractThis study aims to determine the curriculum development model such as what was developed by PDF Ulya Zainul Hasan Genggong, East Java Province. This research is qualitative research with a case study approach. Data collection is done by observation, interview, and document search. This research resulted in the finding that PDF Ulya Zainul Hasan succeeded in developing his curriculum not only in mastering the yellow book and religious experts (mutafaqquh fiddin) but oriented towards the development of life skills. Some life skills activities developed include computer engineering, jenazah management training, cooperatives, pencak silat, marawis and hadrah art. Besides, several extracurricular activities were also developed, including the bahsul massail group, Arabic language guidance, khitobah guidance, and Hajj ritual training. This success is supported by several factors such as the context of the PDF policy, the input of santri and ustad, the learning process and the PDF output that can give color to the social life of pesantren and the community. This research suggests that related educational institutions continue to socialize PDF on a massive scale through various channels, including the Ministry of Religious Affairs, the Ministry of Education, Islamic boarding schools, and the general public, so that PDF gets wider recognition and creates a positive brand image about Formal Diniyah Education. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model pengembangan kurikulum seperti apa yang dikembangkan Pendidikan Diniyah Formal (PDF) Ulya Zainul Hasan Genggong Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan observasi, wawancara dan penelusuran dokumen. Penelitian ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa PDF Ulya Zainul Hasan berhasil mengembangkan kurikulumnya tidak hanya dalam penguasaan kitab kuning dan ahli agama (mutafaqquh fiddin) tapi diorientasikan pada pengembangan life skills. Beberapa kegiatan life skills yang dikembangkan di antaranya teknik komputer, training pengurusan jenazah, koperasi, pencak silat, marawis dan seni hadrah. Selain itu juga dikembangkan beberapa kegiatan ekstrakurikuler antara lain kelompok bahsul masail, bimbingan bahasa arab, bimbingan khitobah, dan pelatihan manasik haji. Keberhasilan ini didukung beberapa faktor seperti konteks kebijakan PDF, input santri dan ustadz, proses pembelajaran dan output PDF yang mampu memberikan warna bagi kehidupan sosial pesantren dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar lembaga pendidikan terkait terus mensosialisasikan PDF secara masif melalui berbagai jalur baik Kementerian Agama, Kementerian Pendidikan, pondok pesantren, maupun masyarakat umum, sehingga PDF mendapat rekognisi yang lebih luas dan tercipta brand image yang positif tentang Pendidikan Diniyah Formal.
Los casos clínicos en Bioética: necesidad e idoneidad
Authors: Feito-Grande Lydia
Published: April 2020

La Ética es una disciplina que trata de analizar las situaciones concretas de la realidad en la que viven los seres humanos, a fin de determinar qué se debe hacer, qué es lo más correcto y cómo se pueden promover valores. En el ámbito biomédico, la Bioética viene a intentar resolver los conflictos que se producen en este contexto a la luz de las teorías y los paradigmas de fundamentación que sirven de marco para la toma de decisiones. En este ámbito, el análisis de casos clínicos resulta imprescindible y es una magnífica herramienta para el entrenamiento en la resolución de problemas complejos.
Dispositivos de asistencia circulatoria e infecciones asociadas: nuevas terapias, nuevas complicaciones
Authors: Sánchez-Ledesma María , González-Calle David , Elvira Laffond Ana , Villacorta-Argüelles Eduardo , de la Fuente-Aguado Javier
Published: April 2020

El empleo de los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular ha aumentado exponencialmente. Esto se ha acompañado de la aparición de complicaciones, entre las que destacan las infecciones. Presentamos el caso de la portadora más longeva de uno de estos dispositivos en nuestro medio. Excelente evolución respecto a su patología cardiovascular, aunque con recurrentes infecciones del cable del dispositivo y reingresos que limitaban su calidad de vida. Las complicaciones asociadas al empleo de los dispositivos de asistencia ventricular, como las infecciones, supone un creciente y desafiante campo en el que trabajar. Un abordaje ambulatorio y multidisciplinar puede ser la base para obtener grandes resultados.
Adecuación del esfuerzo terapéutico en varón de 83 años que acude por hematuria
Authors: Inglada-Galiana Luis , Navarro-Cañadas Claudio , Cubero-Moráis Pablo
Published: April 2020

La limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico (LET) es un término médico que no está exento de polémica. Algunos autores defienden que la limitación es una expresión que podría considerarse peyorativa y creen que sería más apropiado hablar de “ajuste”, para evitar connotaciones “negativas” con respecto a la atención al paciente. No se trata de “dejar de actuar”, sino de adoptar una actitud proactiva que incluye agregar o modificar medidas de acuerdo con los objetivos terapéuticos del momento. Hoy en día, el termino LET está totalmente aceptado. Su uso es muy frecuente en el campo de la Medicina Interna y se considera un estándar de calidad.
Miopatía secundaria a insuficiencia suprarrenal en paciente con síndrome de la silla turca vacía
Authors: Bermejo-Olano María del Mar , López-Hernández Elena , Dobato-Ayuso José Luis , Martínez-Pérez María Almudena , Donnay-Candil Sergio
Published: April 2020

Mujer de 21 años que consultó por astenia y debilidad proximal en miembros inferiores, presentando cifras de CPK elevadas en la analítica y electromiograma con signos de miopatía. En el estudio de la misma, se diagnosticó a la paciente de insuficiencia suprarrenal secundaria en relación con un síndrome de la silla turca vacía. Como hallazgo atípico, destacaba la presencia de anticuerpos anticélulas suprarrenales positivos. Tras instaurar tratamiento con hidroaltesona oral, se objetivó mejoría progresiva hasta la resolución completa del cuadro clínico, con normalización de las cifras de CPK y del estudio electromiográfico
PENGARUH KOMISARIS INDEPENDEN, KOMPENSASI RUGI FISKAL DAN PERTUMBUHAN ASET TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK
Authors: Mulyana Yusep , Mulyati Sri , Umiyati Indah
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dari komisaris independen, kompensasi rugi fiskal dan pertumbuhan aset terhadap penghindaran pajak yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode tahun 2013-2017.Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan sektor pertambangan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Teknik pemilihan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Berdasarkan teknik tersebut maka diperoleh 39 perusahaan yang sesuai dengan kriteria pemilihan sampel selama periode 2013-2017. Pengujian data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu analisis regresi berganda, kemudian untuk melakukan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji F, uji t dan koefisien determinasi (R2) dengan bantuan software SPSS versi 22.0. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa variabel komisaris independen secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak, variabel kompensasi rugi fiskal secara parsial berpengaruh negatif terhadap penghindaran pajak dan variabel pertumbuhan aset secara parsial berpengaruh positif terhadap penghindaran pajak. Sementara secara simultan variabel komisaris independen, kompensasi rugi fiskal dan pertumbuhan aset berpengaruh terhadap penghindaran pajak.
Identifikasi Kebutuhan Bisnis dengan Value Chain untuk Perancangan Smart Campus pada Perguruan Tinggi Swasta
Authors: Syidada Shofiya , Wahyuningtyas Emmy
Published: April 2020

Smart campus merupakan sarana bagi Perguruan Tinggi (PT) untuk memenangkan kompetisi pada era industry 4.0. Sistem smart campus membantu PT dalam memberikan pelayanan yang cepat, akurat dan real time bagi seluruh civitas akademiknya. Akan tetapi investasi penerapan smart campus memerlukan biaya yang besar sehingga diperlukan sebuah rencana strategis yang cerdas. Untuk mendapatkan manfaat yang optimal, rencana strategis perancangan smart campus harus diselaraskan dengan kebutuhan bisnis PT. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan identifikasi kebutuhan bisnis pada PT. Potensi kebutuhan bisinis diperoleh dengan melakukan analisis value chain terhadap lingkungan bisnis internal PT, yaitu dengan memetakan aktivitas yang dilakukan oleh masing-masing bagian pada diagram value chain. Hasil analisis value chain menunjukkan aktivitas bisnis pada PT berdasarkan tujuan, sasaran dan program strategis PT. Aktivitas ini digolongkan menjadi dua, yaitu aktivitas utama dan pendukung. Aktivitas utama merupakan tridharma PT meliputi pendidikan, penelitian dan pengabdian masyarakat. Fungsi pendidikan meliputi seluruh aktivitas mulai dari penerimaan mahasiswa baru sampai kelulusan. Sedangkan aktivitas pendukung meliputi aktivitas manajemen keuangan, kepegawaian, sarana dan prasarana, serta manajemen Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK).
Pengendalian Kejadian Gugur Bunga dan Buah (Fruit-drop) dengan Aplikasi Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Indole Butyric Acid (IBA) dan Giberelin Pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Dermawan Rahmansyah , Saleh Ifayanti Ridwan , Mantja Katriani , Iswoyo Hari , Salmiati St
Published: April 2020

Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan data dan informasi morfofisiologi kejadian gugur bunga dan buah (fruit-drop) pada tanaman cabai terhadap pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) auksin (IAA dan IBA) dan GA3. Penelitian disusun berdasarkan Rancangan Petak Terpisah dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 ulangan. Petak utama adalah 3 jenis ZPT yaitu IAA, IBA, dan GA3. Anak petak yaitu konsentrasi perlakuan yang terdiri dari 5 taraf (ppm) yaitu 0, 25, 50, 75, dan 100 ppm. Data yang diperoleh dianalis menggunakan software STAR dan jika terdapat beda nyata diuji lanjut dengan Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) pada taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan IAA, IBA, dan GA3 serta konsentrasi perlakuannya tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah bunga tinggal maupun bunga gugur pada tanaman cabai besar. Namun, hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa perlakuan ZPT menghasilkan jumlah bunga tinggal yang lebih banyak dibandingkan bunga gugur. Pemberian IAA 25 ppm menghasilkan jumlah buah tinggal tertinggi dibandingkan konsentrasi IAA lainnya. Peningkatan konsentrasi GA3 cenderung meningkatkan jumlah buah tinggal dan tertinggi pada konsentrasi GA3 100 ppm. Interaksi antara jenis ZPT dan konsentrasi pemberiannya berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot per buah. Perlakuan GA3 100 ppm menghasilkan bobot per buah tertinggi. Peningkatan konsentrasi auksin cenderung menurunkan bobot per buah. Pemberian IBA 100 ppm menurunkan panjang buah cabai besar.
The Potentials of Goodness and Badness in Humans on the Qur'an and Hadith
Authors: Nuraini Nuraini , Eduwar Eduwar
Published: April 2020

Goodness and badness are two terms that are widely used to determine an action done by humans. All forms of human action refer to them views on goodness and badness. The value of goodness and badness will always be a source of reference in carrying out various actions in their life. Goodness and badness values are not only in philosophical studies, but also become the focus of discussion on various religious sources, including the Qur’an and Hadith. Specifically this research is directed to find out the potential in humans, in this case it is closely related to the potential goodness and badness in humans which are explained in the Qur’an and Hadith. In the QS. al-Shams: 8 stated that there is a balance of the potential of  goodness and badness in humans, but in the hadith of Imam Bukhari No. 1385 stated that the potential of goodness is the most prominent in humans since being born in a state of nature. Based on these differences, the problem arises in this research that are how the views of the interpreters in interpreting verses and hadiths about the potential of goodness and badness in humans, and how to make the potential of goodness for more involved than bad. This study aims to determine the opinion of the intrepreters and find out the reasons of each intrepreter in talking about the potential of goodness and badness in humans. The results showed that the potential of goodness is the most prominent in humans, also obtained a sign that in essence the positive potential of humans is stronger than the negative potential, it's just that the attraction of badness is stronger than the attraction of goodness, therefore humans are required to maintain the purity of the soul (nafs). So that the potential of goodness is more prominent than the badness, humans should guide this potential with some instructions that have been conveyed by Allah in the Qur’an, and so have been conveyed by the Prophet in the hadith, namely by keeping the heart to remain in nature.
The Ability of Latin Letter Recognition in Early Children in Raudhatul Atfhal Annajamissa'adah Medan Tembung
Authors: Sitorus Yuni
Published: April 2020

The background of the problem in this study is the ability to recognize Latin letters in early childhood in Raudhatul Atfhal Annajamissa'adah clay field and the teacher has not used an effective and efficient media in learning to recognize Latin letters. This study aims to process learning activities in the form of activities of teachers, students and parents in the ability to recognize Latin letters in early childhood in Raudhatul Atfhal Annajamissa'adah clay field through the process of learning the introduction of Latin letters in early childhood. The results showed that there were some weaknesses and strengths in learning Latin letters recognition. Because children lack enthusiasm in learning because the media conducted by teachers is less effective. Therefore there must be cooperation between parents of students and teachers so that students also study at home not only studying at Raudhatul Atfhal Annajamissa'adah clay field but at home must also be taught by parents so that the ability to recognize Latin letters can die. Because so far researchers see the lack of cooperation between teachers and parents in working together in educating young children in Raudhatul Atfhal Annajamissa'adah so the level of children's ability to recognize Latin letters is different.
Developing Student’s German Language Competencies through Pragmatic Approach in the Classroom for Higher Education
Authors: Evianty Rina , Sari Risnovita , Reza Muhammad
Published: April 2020

The general goal of teaching German as a foreign language is that learners can communicate appropriately in writing and orally in German. But in fact this goal can often not be achieved. Many learners in higher education master the German grammar and vocabulary, but they are unable to use German language that matches the social context, because they do not have much pragmatics competence. Pragmatic approach based on the function of language as a communication tool is a study of language by involving various aspects outside the language that are able to provide meaning. Pragmatic competence constitutes a significant factor in determining the success of communication.  In fact, a German language learner in higher education is not only expected to use language and produce utterances which are understandable or grammatically correct, but is also expected to produce utterances which are socioculturally appropriate. However, for students in higher education who learn German as a Foreign Language (Deutsch als Fremdsprache/DaF), the pragmatic competence, which can actually be acquired naturally through social interaction, is quite difficult to acquire due to the limited. On this basis, pragmatics needs to be integrated into German language courses in higher education, which includes pragma linguistics and socio pragmatic. In this regard, this study describes not only the relationship between pragmatics and German as a foreign language, but also this study is an attempt to define its implications in teaching German as foreign language in higher education.
Improving Students’ Vocabulary Mastery through Teaching Real Objects
Authors: Hariati Puji
Published: April 2020

This study was aimed to find out the improvement of the students’ vocabulary mastery through teaching real object. This study was conducted by using Classroom Action Research. It was done through 1) planning, 2) action, 3) observation, and 4) reflection. The population of the research was the students of Amik Medicom. To get the sample, the researcher took one class, it was MI18B. This research applied quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative method were taken from the students' test. Qualitative data were taken from observation, questionnaires sheet and diary notes. The research found out that there are some improvements of the students’ vocabulary mastery taught by applying real objects. It was proved from the students’ improvement in cycle 1 until cycle 2. The improvement can be seen that in pre test the means score was 34.66. In the first cycle,  meeting 1 the means score was 37,33, in meeting 2 was 47,66 and in meeting 3 was 53,5. In the second cycle, meeting 1 the means score was 68,83,  in meeting 2 was 80,33 and in meeting 3 was 91,66. The improvement also can be seen from the percentage of the students’ achievement in mastering vocabulary; in pre test, no one of the students got 75 points. In the first cycle, in meeting 1, and there no one student got 75 point,  in meeting 3 there was 16.7% (5 students) got 75 points. It means there was an improvement about 16.7 % . In the second cycle, in meeting 1 there was 20% (6 students) got 75 points, it means that there was an improvement about 3.3%. In meeting 2 there was 80% (24 students) got 75 points, it means that there was an improvement about 70%.  In meeting 3 there was 100% (30 students) got up 75 points, it means that there was an improvement about 30%. It means that all of the students got better result. They could master many new vocabulary items and composed them into good sentences.
The Ability of Gymnastics Motoric Perceptual Based on Local Culture for Early Childhood in Aceh Province
Authors: Kurniawan Muhammad Riski , Syamsulrizal Syamsulrizal , Razali Razali , Israwati Israwati
Published: April 2020

Local culture-based gymnastics is a combination of Seudati dance with Saman dances movements as well as cheerful healthy exercises that are already in kindergarten. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the implementation of local culture-based exercise on the motorized perceptual ability of early childhood in Banda Aceh Kindergarten. This study uses a quantitative approach to the type of experimental research. Population and a sample of 30 students were selected by purposive sampling. Data collection techniques of motoric perceptual ability using tests: (1) Standing on the beam while touching the limbs as instructed by the teacher with eyes open, (2 ) Standing on the beam while touching the body as instructed by the teacher with eyes closed, (3) Jumping and landing in a line with two feet pressed together as instructed by the teacher with eyes open, (4) Jumping and landing in a line with two feet pressed together as instructed by the teacher with eyes closed , (5) Walking in balance, (6) Throwing a tennis ball into a basket with a distance of 2 meters. Before the data is analyzed, the research data is tested for the analysis requirements, namely the normality and homogeneity test. Then the data is analyzed using the t-test. Based on the results of data analysis obtained t count (18.455)> t table (2.045), thus it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between local culture-based exercise on the motoric perceptual ability of early childhood in Aceh kindergarten.
A Case of Temporal Bone Cholesterol Granuloma Extending to Posterior Cranial Fossa without Middle Ear Involvement
Authors: Ko Min Chul , Jeong Ji Yun , Hwang Sung Kyoo , Yoo Myung Hoon
Published: April 2020

Cholesterol granulomas of the temporal bone can occur in the petrous apex, middle ear, and mastoid cavity. Although cholesterol granulomas in the petrous apex often extend to the middle cranial fossa, cholesterol granulomas in the middle ear and mastoids rarely invade the cranial cavity with bony erosion. We report a case of a large cholesterol granuloma involving the posterior cranial fossa with pneumatic mastoid and not affecting the middle ear. The patient had no otologic or neurologic symptoms, and the mass was found incidentally on a brain MRI included in a regular medical checkup. The mass was removed via a combined transmastoid and suboccipital approach without complications, and characteristic pathology findings demonstrated a cholesterol granuloma.
Provision of Remedies for Violation of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: A Comparative Study of the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems
Authors: Teshome Roman Girma
Published: April 2020

The effectiveness of human rights adjudicative procedures partly, if not most importantly, hinges upon the adequacy of the remedies they grant and the implementation of those remedies. This assertion also holds water with regard to the international and regional monitoring bodies established to receive individual complaints related to economic, social and cultural rights (hereinafter ‘ESC rights’ or ‘socio-economic rights’). Remedies can serve two major functions: they are meant, first, to rectify the pecuniary and non-pecuniary damage sustained by the particular victim, and second, to resolve systematic problems existing in the state machinery in order to ensure the non-repetition of the act. Hence, the role of remedies is not confined to correcting the past but also shaping the future by providing reforming measures a state has to undertake. The adequacy of remedies awarded by international and regional human rights bodies is also assessed based on these two benchmarks. The present article examines these issues in relation to individual complaint procedures that deal with the violation of ESC rights, with particular reference to the case laws of the three jurisdictions selected for this work, i.e. the United Nations, Inter-American and African Human Rights Systems.
Misunderstanding home: Exploring depictions of home in old age policy decision-making
Authors: Pulkki Jutta , Tynkkynen Liina-Kaisa
Published: April 2020

Living at home is a core value in old age policies worldwide. This study examines how members of parliament (MP) depict the home in two parliamentary discussions related to a law on older people’s care and living arrangements in Finland. The data contained 110 speeches from 42 MPs in the first discussion and 17 in the second and was examined using thematic analysis. The extracts with the word “home” were coded and grouped as potential themes. These themes were reviewed further and reflected using relevant literature. As a result, the overarching theme ‘home as a restricted space’ was formulated with three subthemes: home as a space in which old people ‘manage to live’, ‘are treated’ and ‘live without contacts’. The findings suggest that policymakers misrecognised the valued attributes related to older persons’ homes, and in doing so, they hamper the potential for success in home-centred old age policies.
Opposite Ends: widows' narratives of contemporary late life
Authors: Vasara Paula
Published: April 2020

The life course perspective frames this study of contemporary late life. Thematic narrative analysis is employed to analyse the stories of 16 Finn­ish widows aged 79–89 years (Moving in Old Age: Transitions in Housing and Care research project) in order to explore the experiences related to growing old. The results indicate two kinds of narratives: nostalgic rem­iniscences about a happy past are typical of the retiring to solitude story, characterised by experiences of life nearing its end and of letting go; and those inclined towards the keeping up narrative are still seeking new ex­periences and playing active roles in everyday life. Both kinds of stories encompass well-being, in spite of their apparent differences in outcome. These results indicate that there is no single description of ageing well. Individual experiences of growing old are unique, and are interpreted within the frame of past experiences and understandings acquired over the life course. Therefore, leeway should be given for individual consider­ations regarding the particularities of life arrangements in advanced age.
Yanagita Kunio and the Culture Film: Discovering Everydayness and Creating/Imagining a National Community, 1935–1945
Authors: Fujii Jinshi
Published: April 2020

In wartime Japan, folklore studies (minzokugaku) as an academic discipline emerged at the same time as the rise of the culture film (bunka eiga). Both helped mobilize peripheral areas and firmly created the image of a unitary nation. This paper focuses on Living by the Earth (Tsuchi ni ikiru, 1941), directed by Miki Shigeru, and its spinoff photo album titled People of the Snow Country (Yukiguni no minzoku, 1944). Miki filmed rural life and ordinary people in the Tohoku region under the strong influence of Yanagita Kunio, a founder of Japanese folklore studies, and published the photo album in collaboration with Yanagita. In this project, vanishing customs were paradoxically regarded as objects impossible to photograph. However, that paradox enhanced the value of the project and made it easier to construct an imagined national community through the discourse of folklore studies.
Glyoxyl-Activated Agarose as Support for Covalently Link Novo-Pro D: Biocatalysts Performance in the Hydrolysis of Casein
Authors: Lopes Laiane Antunes , Novelli Paula Kern , Fernandez-Lafuente Roberto , Tardioli Paulo Waldir , Giordano Raquel Lima Camargo
Published: April 2020

This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a commercial protease (Novo-Pro D (NPD)), both in soluble and immobilized forms, in the hydrolysis of proteins (using casein as model protein). Immobilization of the protease NPD on 6% agarose activated with glyoxyl groups for 24 h at 20 °C and pH 10.0 allowed preparing immobilized biocatalyst with around 90% immobilization yield, 92% recovered activity versus small substrate, and a thermal stability 5.3-fold higher than the dialyzed soluble enzyme at 50 °C and pH 8.0. Immobilization times longer than 24 h lead to a decrease in the recovered activity and did not improve the biocatalyst stability. At 50 °C and pH 6.5, the immobilized NPD was around 20-fold more stable than the dialyzed soluble protease. Versus casein, the immobilized NDP presented a 10% level of activity, but it allowed hydrolyzing casein (26 g/L) at 50 °C and pH 6.5 up to a 40% degree of hydrolysis (DH) after 2 h reaction, while under the same conditions, only a 34% DH was achieved with soluble NPD. In addition, the immobilized NPD showed good reusability, maintaining the DH of casein for at least ten 2h-reaction batches.
Manipulatable Interface Electric Field and Charge Transfer in a 2D/2D Heterojunction Photocatalyst via Oxygen Intercalation
Authors: Je Minyeong , Sim Eun Seob , Woo Jungwook , Choi Heechae , Chung Yong-Chae
Published: April 2020

Charge separation is the most important factor in determining the photocatalytic activity of a 2D/2D heterostructure. Despite the exclusive advantages of 2D/2D heterostructure semiconductor systems such as large surface/volume ratios, their use in photocatalysis is limited due to the low efficiency of charge separation and high recombination rates. As a remedy for the weak interlayer binding and low carrier transport efficiency in 2D/2D heterojunctioned semiconductors, we suggested an impurity intercalation method for the 2D/2D interface. PtS2/C3N4, as a prototype heterojunction material, was employed to investigate the effect of anion intercalation on the charge separation efficiency in a 2D/2D system using density functional theory. With oxygen intercalation at the PtS2/C3N4 interface, a reversed and stronger localized dipole moment and a built-in electric field were induced in the vertical direction of the PtS2/C3N4 interface. This theoretical work suggests that the anion intercalation method can be a way to control built-in electric fields and charge separation in designs of 2D/2D heterostructures that have high photocatalytic activity.
Electrochemical Reactors for CO2 Conversion
Authors: Lin Roger , Guo Jiaxun , Li Xiaojia , Patel Poojan , Seifitokaldani Ali
Published: April 2020

Increasing risks from global warming impose an urgent need to develop technologically and economically feasible means to reduce CO2 content in the atmosphere. Carbon capture and utilization technologies and carbon markets have been established for this purpose. Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) presents a promising solution, fulfilling carbon-neutral goals and sustainable materials production. This review aims to elaborate on various components in CO2RR reactors and relevant industrial processing. First, major performance metrics are discussed, with requirements obtained from a techno-economic analysis. Detailed discussions then emphasize on (i) technical benefits and challenges regarding different reactor types, (ii) critical features in flow cell systems that enhance CO2 diffusion compared to conventional H-cells, (iii) electrolyte and its effect on liquid phase electrolyzers, (iv) catalysts for feasible products (carbon monoxide, formic acid and multi-carbons) and (v) strategies on flow channel and anode design as next steps. Finally, specific perspectives on CO2 feeds for the reactor and downstream purification techniques are annotated as part of the CO2RR industrial processing. Overall, we focus on the component and system aspects for the design of a CO2RR reactor, while pointing out challenges and opportunities to realize the ultimate goal of viable carbon capture and utilization technology.
Synthesis and Investigation of Pinane-Based Chiral Tridentate Ligands in the Asymmetric Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes
Authors: Raji Mounir , Le Tam Minh , Fülöp Ferenc , Szakonyi Zsolt
Published: April 2020

A library of pinane-based chiral aminodiols, derived from natural (−)-β-pinene, were prepared and applied as chiral catalysts in the addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. (−)-β-Pinene was reacted to provide 3-methylenenopinone, followed by a reduction of the carbonyl function to give a key allylic alcohol intermediate. Stereoselective epoxidation of the latter and subsequent ring opening of the resulting oxirane with primary and secondary amines afforded aminodiols. The regioselectivity of the ring closure of the N-substituted secondary aminodiols with formaldehyde was examined and exclusive formation of oxazolidines was observed. Treatment of the allylic alcohol with benzyl bromide provided the corresponding O-benzyl derivative, which was transformed into O-benzyl aminodiols by aminolysis. Ring closure of the N-isopropyl aminodiol derivative with formaldehyde resulted in spirooxazolidine. The obtained potential catalysts were applied in the reaction of both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes to diethylzinc providing moderate to good enantioselectivities (up to 87% ee). Through the use of molecular modeling at an ab initio level, this phenomenon was interpreted in terms of competing reaction pathways. Molecular modeling at the RHF/LANL2DZ level of theory was successfully applied for interpretation of the stereochemical outcome of the reactions leading to display excellent (R) enantioselectivity in the examined transformation.
Two-Dimensional Mechanical Behavior Analysis of Multilayered Solids Subjected to Surface Contact Loading Based on a Semi-Analytical Method
Authors: Zhang Jingjing , Wang Tingjian , Zhang Chuanwei , Yin Longcheng , Wu Yue , Zhao Yang , Ma Xinxin , Gu Le , Wang Liqin
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a two-dimensional semi-analytical method is developed for the mechanical behavior analysis of multilayered solids subjected to surface contact loading, which is indispensable for realizing an optimized tribological performance from the mechanical behavior point of view. Firstly, the explicit analytical frequency response functions of the multilayered solid are derived in a recursive form by analytically solving a system of linear equations established according to the boundary conditions and the interface continuous conditions. Then, the two-dimensional elastic field solution in the subsurface of multilayered solids in the space domain is converted from its corresponding frequency response functions by employing a numerical conversion method based on the inverse fast Fourier transformation. The present method is validated by comparing with the solution given by other methods. Lastly, the stress analysis of multilayered coatings with various structure layouts and various layer number of the multilayers were performed with the present method.