bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of Legal Regulation of Handling of Farm Animals During Slaughter in Ukraine
Authors: Siuiva Iryna
Published: September 2021

The article deals with the peculiarities of legal regulation of handling of farm animals during slaughter. On the basis of the analysis of Ukrainian legislation and international legislation, the requirements for the transportation of animals have been determined, taking into account their biological, species and individual characteristics, as well as the primary processing of animals and products obtained by slaughter. In the article particular attention is paid to the subject composition of the studied legal relations, the problems of applying humane methods of slaughter of farm animals and certain issues of legal responsibility in the sphere of handling animals during slaughter in Ukraine. The state of development of slaughter economy of producers of agrarian sector of Ukraine was studied. An estimation of the current state of functioning of slaughter points in Ukraine was carried out. Based on the generalization of the world and domestic experience, the directions of their development were proposed as a component of the market infrastructure. The conclusion was made about the need for the development of slaughter stations as an alternative to home slaughter of livestock intended for sale. The advantages and disadvantages of the prohibition of selling meat from home slaughter of livestock were analyzed. The ways of improving the system of state control in the field of food safety were proposed taking into account the requirements of the European Union and the socio-economic situation in Ukraine.
Animals’ Mental Suffering Paradigm in Estonian Judicial and Media Environment
Authors: Susi Mari-Ann
Published: September 2021

In the European context, animal rights legislation is relying on human rights language, since it aims to protect the animals from mental suffring. The fact that a legal norm is not labelled as a human rights norm does not alter its content. This article also shows that in the Estonian judicial system the concept of animals deserving protection of their fundamental rights is accepted by default. The reasoning of court judgments indicates that the main reason for criminal sanction is the violation of animals fundamental right not to be killed or tortured. The article supports the thesis that it is clear that there is an urgent need to recognize the animal rights in legislation directly and the need of such application of these laws by courts; altogether with placing such conviction in public awareness.
Land Use Policy and Access to Water Bodies in Ukraine
Authors: Marusenko Roman
Published: September 2021

Free access to water bodies to meet basic human needs in Ukraine is currently complicated. The banks of rivers and lakes are built up in violation of the law. Th author analyzes the widespread ways of substantiating the development of the banks of rivers and lakes in Ukraine that undermine the possibility to access these water objects. The conclusion of the inconsistency of the legislative provisions on access to water bodies is made. It is proved that free access to water objects cannot be provided only by the prohibition of granting ownership or use rights of the parcels on the banks. Th regime of the coastal protective strips is confusing, contradicts to the regime of development of coastal settlements and does not ensure free access to water bodies. A general land use right may be used to guarantee free access to water objects. A comparison of ways to overcome similar problems in the Republic of Poland is conducted. The necessity of increasing the effectiveness of control activity, which would allow at the early stages to detect and stop illegal activity, that leads to the impossibility of free access to water objects, is substantiated.
The Idea of the Construction Police in the Historical Perspective against the Background of the German Legal Culture
Authors: Dąbrowski Karol
Published: September 2021

Th Construction Police, as a task (function) of the state, is the public safety department, which ensures the safety and culture for the using of the building objects. Th institutional roots of this department date back to the age of Enlightenment, the doctrinal ones – to early modern period or even earlier and the legislative ones – to the 19th century. Ths Police is connected with the fire and sanitary safety of buildings. Building laws became the part of the code law, then of police ordinances and, finally, the separate building ordinances were issued (in cities at fist). In the German territories, the period after the Thirty Years’ war was of great importance for the development of the legislation and the building policies, together with the development of cameralism (Kameralismus) and political economy (Polizeiwissenschaft). Th 19th century was the era of codification of the building law in the form of nationwide building acts.
Judicial Review of the Implementation of Development Policy – Ten Years of Practice
Authors: Gilowska Anna
Published: September 2021

The article addresses the issue of judicial review of decisions in the area of development policy (that consist in not qualifying a specific project for funding) and an attempt is made to assess the functioning of this measure on the tenth anniversary of its introduction into the national system for implementing this policy. The analysis of legal acts, doctrine and case law in the field of development policy allows one to draw the conclusion that the act of implementing the policy, i.e. selection of a specific project for financing, is a sui generis operation of administration, not subject to the provisions of the Code of Administrative Procedure. The most important criterion for assessing this measure should be its effectiveness, understood as the highest degree of implementation of the objective assumed under development policy. Hence, the model of review adopted in Poland and applied by administrative courts, appointed to examine the legality of reviewed acts, does not meet the expectations. The article is an attempt to assess the adopted review model in terms of its impact on the effectiveness of the development policy system and the effectiveness of protection granted.
Legal Status of a Non-Profit Organization and Its Impact on the Mode of Initiating Proceedings under Art. 7 (3) of the Polish Animal Protection Act
Authors: Kudasik-Gil Emilia
Published: September 2021

The article focuses on the issue of the legal status of a non-profit organization, whose statutory purpose is to protect animals in the administrative proceedings under Art. 7 (3) of the Polish Animal Protection Act, which is the subject of discrepancy of interpretations in the jurisprudence of administrative courts. The institution of temporary collection of an animal regulated in Art. 7 (3) of the Polish Animal Protection Act is of fundamental importance for humanitarian protection of animals in Poland. In theory it consists of taking away the mistreated animal from its owner and subsequent confirmation of that fact through the administrative decision issued by the executive body of the municipality. The study deals with the problem of its legal interest in the proceedings and, as a consequence, it analyses its position as a party or entity as a party in the proceedings. Determining the status of a non-profit organization in proceedings is crucial for resolving another problem raised in the article, namely the mode in which proceeding under Art. 7 (3) of the Polish Animal Protection Act is being initiated.
ESTIMATION OF DAILY CASES OF COVID-19 AND REPRODUCTION NUMBER IN USA, GERMANY, INDIA, RUSSIA, ITALY, SPAIN, FRANCE, UNITED KINGDOM, BRAZIL USING DISCRETE TIME GOMPERTZ MODEL AND ADAPTIVE KALMAN FILTER
Authors: ÖZBEK Levent , DEMİRTAŞ Hakan
Published: September 2021

In this study, cumulative and daily cases are estimated online using discrete-time Gompertz model (DTGM) and Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF) based on the total COVID-19 cases between February 29-July 28, 2020 in USA, Germany, India, Russia, Italy, Spain, France, United Kingdom, Brazil. Employing the data collected between February 29 and July 28, 2020, it is showed that the DTGM in conjunction with AKF provides a good analysis tool for modeling the daily cases made using the in terms of mean square error (MSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and R^2.
A literature review on tooth bleaching
Authors: Yano Nabam , Sah Sonam , Sheoran Lalita , Sehrawat Monika , Budhiraja Dimple , Barath Bezawada
Published: September 2021

In today’s time tooth/teeth whitening has become the most common requested procedure from the clinician. As per the increasing demand by the patient for whiter teeth, there are various home based products are available like gels, tooth pastes and some other products are also available that can be applied by the dentist and it contains high amount of bleaching agent with in it. Some of the aware risk of tooth whitening procedure was also known such as, sensitivity of the tooth, irritation of the gingiva, demineralization of the tooth surface along with roughening of the superficial layer of the tooth.
Novel material for root-end applications for bio-allied sciences
Authors: Revathi N , Chethan Megha , Revathi K , Soubhagya M , Kumari Rathna J , M S Archana
Published: September 2021

Treating a patient with tooth pain is a multi-factorial process with many factors playing their role to warrant the success of the treatment procedure. One such important factor is to secure the root apex which is important for ensuring good prognosis in endodontics. Also in challenging situations like sealing a fractured root, resorbed apex, or an incompletely formed apex, the need of an intact root apex is much anticipated. Over the years, an array of novel products has been produced for root-end applications to achieve such a favorable condition. The objective of this review is to list and summarize such root-end materials. However, their merits, and claims of superiority over MTA, have to be ascertained via sustained research.
Single visit endodontics
Authors: Geethanjali R.
Published: September 2021

A successful endodontic treatment depends upon localization, proper chemo mechanical preparation of the root canal system, debridement, shaping, disinfection, and three-dimensional obturation of canal system. To achieve this, endodontic therapy used to be performed in multiple visits for complete disinfection of the canals in other words for the better success of endodontic therapy.1
Management of complicated crown root fracture using pizeo surgery, fiber post and fragment reattachment: A case report
Authors: Raj Sheena S , Devadathan A. , James Baby , Johny Minimol K , George Emil , George Thomas Nebu , Grace Varghese Mekha
Published: September 2021

A common type of fracture involving tooth is complicated crown root fracture of anterior teeth. The reattachment of the coronal fragment to the remaining tooth will provide better and long-lasting aesthetics, improved function and a positive psychological reaction. It is a simple and less difficult procedure if the original tooth fragments are retained after fracture. This paper reports about a case of complicated crown root fracture that was treated successfully using broken fragment adhesive reattachment and post placement.
Management of an endo-perio lesion: A multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Tayal Anshul , Ghosh Sandip , Adhikari H. D. , Ghosh Amrita
Published: September 2021

The presence of pulpal pathosis and inflammatory periodontal disease concomitantly can complicate diagnosis and treatment planning of any tooth. It requires a combined treatment approach involving endodontic, periodontic and prosthodontic intervention. Often, the periodontal and prosthodontic aspects are neglected by the clinicians after successful endodontic treatment resulting in failure. The present case report describes a multidisciplinary approach for the treatment of a tooth that presented with an endo-perio lesion; using non-surgical root canal treatment and periodontal regenerative surgery (non-incised papillae surgical approach, {NIPSA} long with GTR membrane and an alloplastic bone graft) which were then followed by the placement of a conservative tooth coverage restoration (endocrown). A significant gain in clinical attachment level was seen 6 months postoperatively. Radiographically also a significant amount of bone fill was observed.
Management of non-vital maxillary central incisor with intrinsic discoloration using walking bleach technique
Authors: Sundesha Manish
Published: September 2021

Non-vital bleaching is a non-invasive technique for the treatment of intrinsic discoloration of teeth. Hydrogen peroxide and sodium perborate are commonly used bleaching agents. The aim of this case report is to demonstrate the non-vital bleaching technique in maxillary anterior teeth. Maxillary central incisors were isolated and root canal treatment was performed. Barrier space preparation was done using a heated instrument. Glass ionomer cement was used a barrier material. Mixture of hydrogen peroxide was placed in the canal and sealed with intermediate restorative material. After 1 week, the procedure was repeated to achieve the desired results. Non-vital bleaching is a minimally invasive procedure to restore the esthetics of a discoloured non-vital tooth. However, care should be taken to prevent any post-operative complications.
Nasopalatine duct cyst: A jigsaw puzzle
Authors: Mahajan Vaani , Kaur Harleen , Singla Munish , Bansal Rupinder , Mittal Litik
Published: September 2021

For the success of endodontic treatment outcome, diagnosis plays a very important role. Endodontic diagnosis is similar to a jigsaw puzzle which cannot be made from a single isolated piece of information. Radiography plays a vital role in diagnosing dental diseases. Overcoming the major disadvantage of two dimensional imaging of superimposing the dento-alveolar structures, 3 dimensional images by Cone Beam Computed Tomography is of great help. It is very common that when radiographs show a superimposition of the incisive foramen over the apex of maxillary central incisors, mimicking apical periodontitis, unnecessary endodontic treatment or retreatment may be prescribed. Diseases of non endodontic origin that affect the tooth apex, such as Nasopalatine duct cyst, should be included in the differential diagnosis. In the present case report the role of CBCT in diagnosis is being discussed.
Epidemiological Pattern of Poisoning in Children under the Age of 15 Admitted to the Referral Teaching Hospitals of Yazd and Taft Cities (2014-2019)
Authors: Momayyezi Mahdieh , Peigan Parisa , Fallahzadeh Hossein
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Understanding the epidemiological pattern and causes of poisoning is the first step to prevent and reduce complications and mortality due to poisoning in children. Given that no study has been conducted on this subject in Yazd, this study aimed to determine the epidemiology pattern of poisoning in children admitted to the referral teaching hospitals in Yazd and Taft cities during 2014-2019.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 238 children under the age of 15 who have been admitted to Shahid Sadoughi hospital in Yazd and Shahid Beheshti hospital in Taft city during 2014-2019. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20.0 using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and Chi-square. In all the statistical analyses, a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant.
Results: The results showed that the frequency of poisonings was higher in girls (58%), in summer (31.1%), and in urban areas (82.8%). Most cases of poisoning aged less than 15 years (75.1%). The main cause of poisoning in children was drug poisoning (60.5%), followed by cleansing products (10.1%). The most common clinical manifestations included neurological signs (33.6%). During 2014-2019, the frequency of drugs and pesticide poisonings decreased; while poisoning due to drug-opioids and cleansing products increased (P = 0.04). Also, 3 deaths occurred due to poisoning during this period.
Conclusion: The higher prevalence of drug and cleansing products poisoning in children under the age of 15 indicates involuntary poisoning in this group. Therefore, proper storage of these substances and more parental care can reduce poisonings in children.
Zataria Multiflora Essential Oil Loaded with Starch Nanoparticles to Protect Strawberries against Botrytis Cinerea
Authors: Mobininejad Maryam , Khalili Sadrabad Elham , Hekmatimoghaddam Seyed Hossein , Jebali Ali , A. Fallah Aziz , Akrami Mohajeri Fateme
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The post-harvest damage to fruits is estimated to be about 10-30% of the total products, which reaches up to 30-50% in some perishable fruits. About 25 species of fungi and bacteria including Botrytis spp. and in particular Botrytis cinerea are known to contaminate fruits, vegetables and ornamental greenhouse plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the antifungal activity of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora essential oil (ZEO) against B. cinerea.
Materials and Methods: The ZEO was extracted through steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The strawberries packages were exposed to ZEO with different concentrations (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 ppm) and satarch nanoparticles. The exposed fruits were kept for 24 days at two temperatures of 20°C and 4°C.
Results: The ZEO decreased mycelium growth even when only 200 ppm of it was added to each container. The response was dose-dependent, so that the 800 ppm dose of ZEO showed complete inhibitory effect. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values for ZEO against B. cinerea were 200 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, ZEO preserved the sensory characteristics.
Conclusion: The ZEO may be effectively used in packaging of strawberry to increase its shelf life by inhibition of B. cinerea.
Association between Exposure to Pesticides and Cognitive Function in Greenhouse Workers (Case Study: Ahmadabad Village of Yazd Province)
Authors: Akhoundzardeini Moslem , Zare Sakhvidi Mohammad Javad , Teimouri Fahimeh , Mokhtari Mehdi
Published: September 2021

Introduction: Exposure to pesticides in greenhouse workers is associated with several health outcomes, such as cognitive impairment. This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to pesticides and cognitive function in Yazd city greenhouse workers and those living in the proximity of the greenhouses.
Materials and Methods: In this study, three groups of participants were selected, including the greenhouse workers, the residents in the proximity of the greenhouses, and the control group. A semi-quantitative assessment of pesticide exposure was used to calculate the subjects’ cumulative pesticide exposure as a proxy for long-term exposure to pesticides. Blood level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured as a biomarker of effect. Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Mini–mental State Examination (MMSE) were used to assess cognitive functions (including memory, executive functions, attention, visual, and verbal functions).
Results: Mean cholinesterase activity in the greenhouse workers (average = 7009.3 U/L) was lower than the two other groups.  The results of the cognitive function score for both FAB and MMSE tests did not show a significant difference between the direct exposure and indirect exposure groups, although the cognitive function score in the pesticide applicators was lower than the two other study groups (e.g. for FAB score: 13.89, 14.55, and 15.4 for the greenhouse workers, the residents in the proximity of greenhouses, and the control group). The results also showed that in the direct exposure group, those with lower levels of cholinesterase activity also had a lower cognitive function.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that there is a potential link between impaired cognitive function and exposure to pesticides in the greenhouse workers.
The Effect of Wastewater Irrigation on the Activity of Soil Microorganisms
Authors: Karimi Hossein , Nikaeen Mahnaz , Hatamzadeh Maryam , Vahid Dastjerdi Marzieh , Farhadkhani Marzieh
Published: September 2021

Introduction: The use of wastewater for irrigation in arid and semi-arid regions of the world is increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of wastewater on the microbial activity of irrigated soils using the enzymatic activity of soil microorganisms.
Materials and Methods: In this study, for soil irrigation, the secondary effluent of the Isfahan municipal wastewater treatment plant was used. As a control, tap water that has no microbial load was also used. Soil samples were collected in two stages, before and immediately after irrigation. All samples were collected in sterile bags, transferred immediately to the laboratory for physicochemical and microbiological tests. Soil samples were analyzed for the amounts of enzymatic activity (Fluorescein Diacetate (FDA) and dehydrogenase), electrical conductivity (EC), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP), and pH.
Results: The EC levels before and after irrigation with tap water was 231.2 and 260.63 µs.cm-1, respectively, which was significantly different from levels of wastewater-irrigated soil (P < 0.05).  pH in the two types of used water before and after irrigation was 6-8 and 7-8, respectively. No significant difference was observed in the levels of FDA, dehydrogenase, ORP, and microbial population in samples irrigated with water and wastewaters (p > 0.05). It was found that there is a significant relationship between bacterial density and FDA (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: The results of the study showed that irrigation with wastewater has no significant effect on the microbial activity of irrigated soil. Because of the short-term wastewater irrigation in the present study, however, further investigation is needed to evaluate the effect of long-term wastewater irrigation on the microbial and physicochemical quality of soil.
Health hazards as a consequence of the poor technical condition of vehicles in Ghana
Authors: Wojtysiak Katarzyna , Zieliński Ewa , Wojsz Tomasz
Published: September 2021

Purpose: This is a review to assess the health hazards resulted from the poor technical condition of vehicles in Ghana. In developing countries, the number of vehicles involved in road traffic is systematically increasing. The health consequences of road accidents are a crucial public concern.

Methodology: The PubMed and Google scholar search were used to find literature for this analysis. The following keywords were taken into consideration in this paper: health hazards, technical conditions, vehicles, accidents, developing countries, Ghana. The analysis has been done by the systematic review analysis method. The articles were selected in terms of the health hazards resulting from the poor technical condition of vehicles in Ghana and its effects on road safety. Twenty papers were being reviewed.

Main findings: The quality of vehicles on Ghanaian roads is low. Most of the cars are old. For economic reasons, users often use substandard products to repair cars. Poor-quality, non-original, mismatched parts can lead to an accident. The technical condition of vehicles affects the safety of road users. The security of citizens should be an essential goal of the state. Inspections of the technical condition of cars, especially in public transport, should be strengthened and the frequency increased.

Implications: Based on the analysis of the publications, it was assessed that there is no current literature on technical problems of vehicles in Ghana, with particular emphasis on public transport. This is an essential topic for the security of citizens and should be investigated, analyzed, and lessons learned without delay.

Novelty in this study: There is a lack of systematic reviews of the impact of health hazards resulted from the poor condition of vehicles in Ghana. The paper is an attempt to assess the impact of the problem.
Histopathological Comparison Of Biopsy And Resection Materials In Bone And Soft Tissue Tumors: The Experience of a Tertiary Oncology Referral Center “Istanbul Medeniyet University Prof.Dr. Süleyman Yalçın City Hospital”
Authors: TOKSÖZ YILDIRIM Ayşe Nur , OKAY Erhan
Published: September 2021

Objective: To evaluate the consistency of pathology results in biopsy and resection materials of bone and soft tissue tumors referred to a tertiarry referral center.

Method: 270 patients who were admitted to the Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology of Istanbul Prof. Dr. Suleyman Yalcin City Hospital between January 2015 and March 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. Collected data included demographic data, type of biopsy technique, the pathology report of biopsy and resection.

Result: Bone tumors had been detected in 125 patients (mean age: 38.3 years, 58 female, 67 male). Tumor localizations were most common in the lower extremity (53.6%) and upper extremity (28%), followed by clavicle, rib, hip, and vertebra. Core needle (n=109) or incisional biopsy (n=16) was performed. The rate of biopsy material that deemed adequate in core needle and incisional biopsies was 89.91% and 93.75%, respectively. Biopsy was done in 145 patients due to soft tissue tumors. (mean age: 38.8 years, 75 female, 70 male). Tumor localizations were most common in the lower extremity (64.1 %) and upper extremity (22%), followed by neck, hip, retroperitoneal, and scapula. For diagnosis, core needle (n=136), incisional biopsy (n=7) or fine needle aspiration (n=2) was performed. In 94.78% of soft tissue tumors with adequate first biopsy material, the biopsy and resected material pathology was found to be consistent.

Conclusion: A multidisciplinary approach plays an important role in increasing the diagnostic accuracy after biopsy in bone and soft tissue tumors. In patients with inconsistent clinical and radiological findings, repeat biopsy is mandatory in order to plan the correct treatment approach.
"Is Water a Human Right?": Priming Water as a Human Right Increases Support for Government Action
Authors: Starzyk Katherine B. , Neufeld Katelin H. S. , Gaucher Danielle , Vorauer Jacquie D. , Fontaine Aleah S. M. , Quesnel Matthew S. , Yakubovich Alexa R.
Published: September 2021

Many First Nations homes in Canada do not have adequate water services.  This issue is unlikely to be resolved without public pressure on the government.  Thus, we investigated one strategy to increase non-Indigenous Canadians’ support for government action: framing water as a human right.  Informed by a partnership with Indigenous community members and multidisciplinary collaborators, we conducted seven experiments that sampled non-Indigenous Canadian community members (N = 584) and university undergraduates (N = 274).  Overall, framing water as a human right increased public support, relative to control conditions.  Further, the human rights frame indirectly increased support for government action through increases in perceived suffering (physical and financial) and empathy.  We discuss policy implications and end with a call for action.
Influence of E-Procurement on the Performance of State Corporations in Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Munaku D. , Arani Wycliffe N.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of study is to investigate the influence of e-procurement on the performance of state corporations in Kenya. Descriptive research design is adopted with the use of questionnaire as tool for primary data collected. The data yielded a response rate of 95.2 percent from a sample size of 62 used, which were drawn mainly from senior procurement managers of Kenya Rural Roads Authority (KeRRA). The data collected was statistically analysed to test content validity and reliability. In addition, a simple regression model was used conducted to test relationship between e-procurement and the performance of state corporations in Kenya. From the findings it was found out that e-procurement has transformed all routine purchasing transactions within KeRRA. However, it was established that e-procurement does not reduce the costs of acquiring materials and freeing up KeRRA resources. It was also noted that e-procurement positively increases the performance of state corporations.
KARAKTERISTIK KIMIA DAN MIKROBIOLOGI SEDIAAN OPAQUE SOAP DENGAN PENAMBAHAN EKSTRAK ETANOL TEMBAKAU
Authors: Wiyono Andi Eko , Herlina Herlina , Rusdianto Andrew Setiawan , Safitri Mega Desy
Published: September 2021

Opaque soap is a solid soap product. It was made from a mixture of oil and the addition of alkaline compounds to form a saponification process. Solid soap preparations made with the addition of tobacco extract as an active ingredient that contains nicotine compounds, which include toxic alkaloids are weakly basic. In addition, tobacco extracts chosen to produce products that were beneficial to society. The purpose of this study was to provided wider use of tobacco and to know the characteristic of opaque soap preparations with the addition of tobacco extracts. The research method was a single completely randomized design (CRD) with descriptive analysis. In this study, the formulas of opaque soap were A0 (no addition of tobacco extract), A1 (1.2 g of tobacco extract), A2 (2.4 g of tobacco extract), and A3 (4.8 g of tobacco extract). The observed parameters were chemical and microbiological characteristics. All variations of opaque soaps had a pH of 9.51-9.77, water content of 13.15%-14.35%, free alkali 0.056-0.0584, antibacterial (E. coli inhibition zone proved by clear zone) about 8.60-21.50 mm; and nicotine levels 0-383.67 mg/100g. From the results due to chemical and microbiological characteristics, all of the opaque soap with additional tobacco extract was in accordance with the Indonesian National Standards (SNI 3532-2016) so that soap was safe for use by the public.

Keywords: chemistry, microbiology, soap preparations, tobacco extract
A review of technical solutions for RCCI engines
Authors: Szamrej Grzegorz , Karczewski Mirosław , Chojnowski Janusz
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, internal combustion engines are being developed in the directions that allow to maximize the efficiency of their work, in order to make the most economical use of fuels. The low-temperature method of burning fuels in HCCI engines - Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition - allows to improve the efficiency of the engine, thanks to the reduction of energy lost during cobustion process. For the further development of engines with this type of mixture auto-ignition, with increasing the range of fuels used for that king of engines, it is necessary to develop the RCCI engines. Reactivity-Controlled Compression Ignition - RCCI - is the way to control the air-fuel mixture auto-ignition by using the injection of second fuel injected into the combustion chamber before the combustion begins. The development of modern compression ignition engines is strongly dependent on engines with this type of ignition. Using two fuels with different physicochemical properties makes it possible to control the time of compression ignition and allows to use engine in full range of operation. RCCI is a special type of HCCI engine that allows to use many types of fuels with high combustion efficiency and low emission of harmful exhaust components. The paper analyzes the issues related to the adoption and development of engines with this method of ignition.
Interiorização de Venezuelanos para Minas Gerais:
Authors: Mendes Denise Figueiró , Fernandes Duval Magalhães
Published: September 2021

A temática migração internacional, na atualidade, vem articulando fatores micro e macroestruturais, apontando para fluxos migratórios diferenciados, trazendo à tona a precariedade das políticas públicas migratórias, como é o caso brasileiro, principalmente devido ao grande volume de imigrantes venezuelanos que tiveram o Brasil como destino ou trânsito. Assim, esse artigo teve o objetivo de explicitar as especificidades e o funcionamento do Programa de Interiorização a partir da ação de algumas organizações da sociedade civil, atuantes no Estado de Minas Gerais. O apoio dessas organizações, que se constituem em redes sociais tem sido fundamental na receptividade, no acolhimento e na integração dos imigrantes venezuelanos no Estado, porém se faz necessário uma maior sinergia entre as mesmas, bem como políticas públicas mais direcionadas para o acolhimento e integração desses imigrantes.
Investigating the Demographic Characteristics of Institutional Investors Affecting Representativeness, Conservatism and Overconfidence Biases in their Individual Investments
Authors: Koc Idil Ozlem
Published: September 2021

This study aims to identify the factors affecting representativeness, conservatism, and overconfidence biases in a sample of Turkish institutional investors. In difference to other studies, especially the individual investments of institutional investors in capital markets are focused on. The respondents who are selected with the method of convenience sampling are asked survey questions. In the study, models are formed with the stepwise method using linear regression analysis, and survey questions that are assumed to represent the examined biases are selected as the dependent variable. The age, gender, marital status, education, whether or not having children, and experience of institutional investors are included in the analysis as the independent variables. This way, which of the independent variables that are found to be statistically significant and the subcategories of these independent variables are most influential on the biases is revealed. As a result of the analysis, in addition to determining the variables that affect a single bias, it is understood that the variable of education level affects all examined biases, and especially the effect of low education levels on the examined biases is higher. In the regression analysis, experience is identified as a significant variable affecting representativeness and conservatism biases. It is observed that especially the institutional investors who are inexperienced or less experienced interact with these two biases more in their decisions related to their individual investments. Gender is found to be significant variable on both conservatism and representativeness biases, especially it was understood that female institutional investors were more effective than men on the representativeness and conservatism bias. Furthermore, it is determined that the marital status variable and the divorced institutional investors as a subcategory of this variable are significantly influential on conservatism and overconfidence biases.
Analysis of the Effect of Private Healthcare Financing on Poverty in Nigeria: Evidence from Edo State
Authors: O Olaniyi , Idris Abubakar
Published: September 2021

Poverty is one of the problems that challenge economies in Africa. Though it is a complex phenomenon which requires efforts by different experts to reduce or eliminate, conventional wisdom posits that “health is wealth”. Health status is a component of human capital development which plays a fundamental role in the poverty and well-being of individuals and national economies. Paradoxically the cost of accessing quality healthcare is an important contributor to income poverty among low income households. Thus adequate healthcare financing mechanisms (public and private) are required to attain quality health outcomes. This study therefore investigates the adequacy or otherwise of the current means of private health care financing in Edo state of Nigeria and it employed the survey method and multinomial logistic regression technique. Results revealed that the dominant means of private health care financing in Edo state is “out of pocket” payments which has negative effect on the income of households. It therefore recommends the introduction of a more effective collective healthcare financing mechanism to mitigate the financial burden associated with out-of-pocket spending. Also funding should be provided for research and development of locally manufactured drugs with high local content to enhance the availability and affordability of effective drugs.
The age structure of the scientific and pedagogical staff: data from the regions of Russia
Authors: Pinkovetskaia Iuliia S.
Published: September 2021

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the indicators characterizing the age structure of the scientific and pedagogical staff of universities and other higher educational institutions in the regions of Russia. In the course of the work, the indicators characterizing the specific weights of teachers belonging to five age groups from 25 to 34 years, from 35 to 44 years, from 45 to 54 years, from 55 to 64 years and over 65 years in the total number of teachers working in higher education institutes were evaluated. The study used official statistical information for 82 regions of Russia. We used the density functions of the normal distribution as models. The results of the research allowed us to draw conclusions: the largest number (more than a quarter) of teachers was observed in the group from 35 to 44 years; 24% of teachers were aged from 45 to 54 years; 20% of teachers were slightly older. The least number of teachers was observed in the age groups over 65 years and from 25 to 34 years. The proposed methodological approach and the results obtained have originality and scientific novelty, since the assessment of regional features of the age structure of scientific and pedagogical personnel in the regions of Russia has not been carried out before.
DAYA TERIMA BUSANA SEKOLAH BERDASARKAN ESTETIKA DAN ERGONOMI
Authors: Prabawati Melly , Azis Nurul , Utami G. P Vera
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine how the acceptance of school clothing which is focused on upper clothing in accordance with the needs of persons with limb disabilities cerebral palsy with physical barriers based on aesthetic and ergonomic judgments. The research was conducted at Yayasan Pembinaan Anak Cacat, Jakarta, with 4 students with disabilities with cerebral palsy who were grouped into 3 types based on topography or the number of disabilities in the body. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a case study research approach. This research was conducted by making 6 clothing products with cotton and loose clothing concepts and combining the application of a flat collar, a semi-straight collar with laced sleeves, raglan sleeves and combination lacing sleeves. The data collection procedure was carried out through the stages of field observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that this form of loose clothing is in accordance with the conditions and needs of cerebral palsy students with physical obstacles. From the elements of form, texture, harmony and balance of this outfit, it fulfills the aesthetic assessment of the fashion. In addition, the ergonomics principle based on usability, safety, comfort and flexibility of movement of all components in this design meet the requirements, especially the use of velcro and buttons with a diameter of 1.5 cm which can help the ability to independently dress and train fine motor skills for people with cerebral palsy with physical disabilities.
MENGIMPLEMAENTASIKAN BENTUKAN IKATAN UDENG BALI SEBAGAI INSPIRASI KOLEKSI BUSANA SIAP PAKAI “SACRED RELATION”
Authors: Rachmawati Rachmawati , Shafa Chairisa HSB Anas , Nurhayati Hesti
Published: September 2021

Ada banyak budaya Indonesia yang sangat unik dan beragam, khususnya pakaian adat dan kelengkapannya. Namun, masih ada yang belum diangkat menjadi karya fashion ready to wear contohnya Udeng Bali. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk membuat koleksi busana siap pakai yang terinpirasi dari bentukan ikatan Udeng Bali dengan resort look dan style feminine casual. Metode yang digunakan pada kajian ini adalah studi literature. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dan disimpulkan. Hasil penelitian berupa koleksi busana siap pakai yang terinspirasi dari Udeng Bali dengan style feminine casual dan resort look yang sesuai untuk wanita yang suka travelling maupun tampil casual namun tetap fashionable.
STUDY OF BILINGUAL ADVERTISEMENT STRATEGY IN LOCAL MARKING SCHEME
Authors: javaid Sahar
Published: September 2021

The present study “Study of bilingual advertisement strategy in local marking scheme” tends to explore the role of English in Pakistani Bilingual advertisements. Different persuasive techniques are used to attract both global and native consumers. Among other techniques, the technique of bilingualism has prominent position. In Pakistani media context national language Urdu is mixed with English to grab the attention of customers
A Range Adjusted Measure of Super-Efficiency in Integer-Valued Data Envelopment Analysis with Undesirable Outputs
Authors: Chen Chunhua , Liu Haohua , Tang Lijun , Ren Jianwei
Published: September 2021

DEA (data envelopment analysis) models can be divided into two groups: Radial DEA and non-radial DEA, and the latter has higher discriminatory power than the former. The range adjusted measure (RAM) is an effective and widely used non-radial DEA approach. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no literature on the integer-valued super-efficiency RAM-DEA model, especially when undesirable outputs are included. We first propose an integer-valued RAM-DEA model with undesirable outputs and then extend this model to an integer-valued super-efficiency RAM-DEA model with undesirable outputs. Compared with other DEA models, the two novel models have many advantages: 1) They are non-oriented and non-radial DEA models, which enable decision makers to simultaneously and non-proportionally improve inputs and outputs; 2) They can handle integer-valued variables and undesirable outputs, so the results obtained are more reliable; 3) The results can be easily obtained as it is based on linear programming; 4) The integer-valued super-efficiency RAM-DEA model with undesirable outputs can be used to accurately rank efficient DMUs. The proposed models are applied to evaluate the efficiency of China’s regional transportation systems (RTSs) considering the number of transport accidents (an undesirable output). The results help decision makers improve the performance of inefficient RTSs and analyze the strengths of efficient RTSs.
Wavelet-Based Elman Neural Network with the Modified Differential Evolution Algorithm for Forecasting Foreign Exchange Rates
Authors: Huang Renquan , Tian Jing
Published: September 2021

It is challenging to forecast foreign exchange rates due to the non-linear characters of the data. This paper applied a wavelet-based Elman neural network with the modified differential evolution algorithm to forecast foreign exchange rates. Elman neural network has dynamic characters because of the context layer in the structure. It makes Elman neural network suit for time series problems. The main factors, which affect the accuracy of the Elman neural network, included the transfer functions of the hidden layer and the parameters of the neural network. We applied the wavelet function to replace the sigmoid function in the hidden layer of the Elman neural network, and we found there was a “disruption problem” caused by the non-linear performance of the wavelet function. It didn’t improve the performance of the Elman neural network, but made it get worse in reverse. Then, the modified differential evolution algorithm was applied to train the parameters of the Elman neural network. To improve the optimizing performance of the differential evolution algorithm, the crossover probability and crossover factor were modified with adaptive strategies, and the local enhanced operator was added to the algorithm. According to the experiment, the modified algorithm improved the performance of the Elman neural network, and it solved the “disruption problem” of applying the wavelet function. These results show that the performance of the Elman neural network would be improved if both of the wavelet function and the modified differential evolution algorithm were applied integratedly.
Promoting Metro Operation Safety by Exploring Metro Operation Accident Network
Authors: Suo Qi , Wang Liyuan , Yao Tianzi , Wang Zihao
Published: September 2021

Understanding the causation of accidents is essential to promote metro operation safety. In terms of 243 reported metro operation accident cases in China, a directed weighted network was constructed based on complex network theory, where nodes and directed edges denotes factors and event chains respectively. To reveal the key causal factors, the topological characteristics of metro operation accident network (MOAN) were analyzed from both global and local views. The results show that facility-type factors are more closely related to the occurrence of the accidents from the perspectives of average path length and cascading effects. Accident types like train delay and train suspension are the great risk recipients. Key causal factors with large out-degree, out-strength, betweenness centrality and cluster coefficient, such as communication and signal failure, vehicle failure and piling into the train should be noticed. The research framework proposed in the paper is not only applicable to China’s metro operation system, but also appropriate for other transportation system safety studies.
Into the Unknown: Onboarding Early Career Professionals in a Remote Work Environment
Authors: Martyniuk Julia , Moffatt Christine , Oswald Kevin
Published: September 2021

This paper explores the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic from the perspective of three individuals, all of whom are early-career professionals: Julia, a term librarian for an academic library who began her role as the pandemic was causing widespread change; Christine, a recent graduate who started her job search during the pandemic; and Kevin, a current Master of Library and Information Science student who started and completed his co-op in an entirely remote setting. This paper explores their perspectives on job precarity in a remote work environment and provides reflections on working in a library setting during the pandemic. To bring together the key themes experienced throughout this period, several recommendations are offered to managers and early-career librarians as they navigate this new landscape. For employers, advertising new employees, organizing their onboarding, and ensuring concerted efforts for introductions are recommended. For new librarians, forming communities of practice and building relationships in the remote work environment to battle feelings of isolation and not belonging are recommended. The precarious roles most early-career librarians find themselves in is unlikely to improve during the pandemic. The perspectives and reflections shared in this paper are intended to provide a transparent view into the experiences of three early career librarians, what they have learned, and how they are maximizing their time in the remote work environment.
Grape Harvest Festival in the Town – A Successful Format for Entertainment, Politics, Trade, and Consumption (The Case of Pezinok, in the Slovak Republic)
Authors: Popelková Katarína
Published: September 2021

This article focuses on a three-day town celebration called Vinobranie (Grape Harvest), which takes place in the public space of the town of Pezinok in Western Slovakia. This eventis over eighty years old and was established the representatives of the town in collaboration with the local wine-growing association, organised with the support of the state railway company. The grape harvest festival is a mosaic of various elements with symbolic contents, representing an impressive whole wrapped in an offer of a varied programme and consumption. The study observes the changing form and structure of the festival from its origins up until the present day, as well as the dynamics of the range of its functions in the local community. The author follows an ethnological perspective. She draws on historical archive documents and ethnographic materials. In her analysis, she applies the concept of festival (Waldemar Cudny’s ‘Festivalisation of Urban Spaces’, 2016).