bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
H3N2: A Perspective on Re-emergence of Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Rath Shakti
Published: January 2024

Annual seasonal influenza has been commonly experienced in most parts of the world since it was first introduced in 1968. The Influenza virus has
been evolving genetically with time, which makes an escape into the host cell easier. The H1N1 Influenza pandemic started in 1918; by 1957,
H1N1 was replaced by H2N2; following this, H3N2 emerged in 1968, replacing H2N2; in 2009, the H1N1 influenza re-emerged and lasted up to
2019. The increasing cases of the Influenza virus have consistently indicated a sudden re-emergence of a pandemic. To provide a perspective
overview of the re-emergence of the Influenza pandemic. With published literature from the past. All studies have been extracted from widely
referred databases, such as PubMed and Embase. This data has been extracted in a text file by running several strategic individual searches using
specific MeSH terms. In the contemporary world, influenza is still a constant threat. Because of the virus's fast mutation rate due to antigenic drift
and shift, increased international travel, and urbanization, it is crucial to have effective surveillance, early diagnosis, and quick reaction
mechanisms. Public health initiatives, antiviral medications, and vaccination efforts are essential for reducing the effects of seasonal epidemics and
possible pandemics. The resurgence of the influenza virus underscores the need for prioritizing readiness and teamwork. With the help of scientific
and technological developments and lessons learned from history, we can lessen the effects of future outbreaks. This finding opens up new avenues
for investigation and provides insight into the possibility of pandemic recurrence in the future.
Organic Synthesis via Renewable Heterogeneous Nanocatalysts Based on
Montmorillonite Clay
Authors: Al-Abayechi Mustafa M.H. , Al-Nayili Abbas , Balakit Asim A. , El-Hiti Gamal A.
Published: January 2024

Synthetic organic molecules are vital for human life, serving as medications, pesticides, dyes, and
food additives. Organic synthesis provides routes for the production of these molecules. The traditional methods
of organic synthesis require energy, solvents, time, and certain conditions based on the nature of the reactions.
To address the issues associated with conventional processes, various environmentally friendly (green) methodologies
have been developed. Catalysts are crucial in many chemical methods. Chemists aim to develop catalysts
that are cost-effective, easy to recover, and can be synthesized with high catalytic activity and renewability.
Natural montmorillonite clay is an ideal material for efficient catalysts since it satisfies all these requirements.
This review focuses on the recent advances in the development of renewable nanocatalysts made from montmorillonite
to be used for the synthesis of various organic compounds.
Targeted Cancer Stem Cell Therapeutics: An Update
Authors: Fatima Naurin , Umar Mohammad , Ambreen Subiya , Shaququzzaman Mohd , Alam Mohammad Mumtaz , Ali Ruhi
Published: January 2024

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have become a key player in the growth of tumors, the spread
of cancer, and the resistance to therapeutic interventions. Targeting these elusive cell populations
has the potential to fundamentally alter cancer treatment plans. CSCs, also known as tumor-initiating
cells (TICs), are thought to play a role in both medication resistance and cancer recurrence.
This is explained by their capacity to regenerate themselves and change into different kinds of cancer
cells. Due to their higher expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) membrane transporters,
enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) characteristics, improved immune evasion, activation
of survival signaling pathways, and improved DNA repair mechanisms, CSCs exhibit extraordinary
resistance to therapies. This comprehensive analysis delves into advancements in the domain
of Targeted Cancer Stem Cell Therapeutics, concentrating on unraveling the distinctive traits of
CSCs and the therapeutic methods devised to eliminate them.
Deciphering Tuberculous Meningitis: From Clinical Challenges to Novel
Models and Pathogenic Pathways
Authors: Mubarak Mohamad Mosa , Majeed Shahnawaz , Kantroo Hadiya Amin , Wani Zubair Ahmad , Malik Abbass , Ahmad Zahoor , Baba Ishfaq Ahmad
Published: January 2024

During and after the COVID-19 pandemic,Tuberculosis (TB) has reestablished with
higher figures due to interruptions in the Directly Observed Treatment Short course (DOTS) despite underreporting. The rising consequences would have extended to extra-pulmonary forms of
TB as well, including Tuberculous Meningitis (TBM). Considering the fact that TBM is the most
dangerous and worst form of TB, we found the need to scan the literature to highlight various aspects of TBM. Epidemiology of TBM is proportionally less frightening, but the consequent mortalities and morbidities are more alarming than pulmonary TB. Here, we address critical research
gaps in Tuberculous Meningitis that warrant further investigations. The highlighted aspects encompass a comprehensive understanding of TBM's clinical presentation and improved diagnostic tools
for timely detection, the exploration of innovative chemotherapies and surgical interventions, the
unraveling of the role of the blood-brain barrier in disease onset, investigating of the contributions
of various brain cells to TBM development, deciphering the complex inflammatory response, exploring the involvement of Matrix Metalloproteinases in tissue damage, delving into host-pathogen genetics influencing susceptibility, utilizing robust in-vivo and in-vitro models for mechanistic insights, and more importantly between TBM and SARS-COVID-19 are discussed. Addressing
these gaps will substantially advance our understanding of TBM's complex pathogenesis, contributing to more effective diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies against this debilitating disease.
Recent Developments and Future Perspectives of Purine Derivatives as a
Promising Scaffold in Drug Discovery
Authors: Rana Neha , Grover Parul , Singh Hridayanand
Published: January 2024

Numerous purine-containing compounds have undergone extensive investigation for
their medical efficacy across various diseases. The swift progress in purine-based medicinal chemistry
has brought to light the therapeutic capabilities of purine-derived compounds in addressing
challenging medical conditions. Defined by a heterocyclic ring comprising a pyrimidine ring
linked with an imidazole ring, purine exhibits a diverse array of therapeutic attributes. This review
systematically addresses the multifaceted potential of purine derivatives in combating various diseases,
including their roles as anticancer agents, antiviral compounds (anti-herpes, anti-HIV, and
anti-influenzae), autoimmune and anti-inflammatory agents, antihyperuricemic and anti-gout solutions,
antimicrobial agents, antitubercular compounds, anti-leishmanial agents, and anticonvulsants.
Emphasis is placed on the remarkable progress made in developing purine-based compounds,
elucidating their significant target sites.

:

The article provides a comprehensive exploration of developments in both natural and synthetic
purines, offering insights into their role in managing a diverse range of illnesses. Additionally, the
discussion delves into the structure-activity relationships and biological activities of the most
promising purine molecules. The intriguing capabilities revealed by these purine-based scaffolds
unequivocally position them at the forefront of drug candidate development. As such, this review
holds potential significance for researchers actively involved in synthesizing purine-based drug
candidates, providing a roadmap for the continued advancement of this promising field.
The Mushroom Albatrellus confluens: A Minireview on Phytochemistry,
Biosynthesis, Synthesis and Pharmacological Activities
Authors: Van Chu Anh , Son Ninh The
Published: January 2024

Background:

Albatrellus confluens is one of the representative species in the Polyporaceae
family. Its major mero terpenoid grifolin and related compounds have the potential for drug
applications.

Objective:

The current study aims to briefly provide an insightful view of the phytochemistry,
biosynthesis, synthesis, and pharmacology of A. confluens metabolites.

Methods:

Data collection was performed using electronic resources, e.g., Google Scholar,
PubMed, and Sci-Finder from the 1990s to the present, while Albatrellus confluens is the most
meaningful keyword in the search for publications. The Latin name Albatrellus confluens (Alb. &
Schwein.) Kotl. & Pouzar is in accordance with the name listing on www.mycobank.org.

Results:

By chromatography column procedures, it indicated that A. confluens species was associated
with the presence of 57 secondary metabolites, in which nitrogenous compounds, meroterpenoids,
polyene pyrones, and polyesters can be seen as the main phytochemical classes. L-isoleucine
was the parent molecule in biosynthetic and synthetic steps of A. confluens nitrogenous
compounds. Numerous experiments revealed that A. confluens isolated compounds have a variety
of pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, vasorelaxant, and neuroprotective
and skin whitening activities. Some isolates become potential cancer inhibitors. Grifolin induced
apoptosis and promoted cell cycle arrest in A2780 ovarian cancer cells via the inactivation
of the ERK1/2/Akt signaling pathway. Grifolic acid caused osteosarcoma cancer cell deaths by inhibiting
NADH generation and ATP production without obvious toxicity. Neoalbaconol caused
apoptosis and necroptosis in mice bearing nasopharyngeal C666-1 cancer cells via PDK1-
PI3K/Akt signaling inhibition.

Conclusion:

The continuation of chromatographic separation and biomedical research is expected.
Modern biological assays for explaining the pharmacological values of A. confluens constituents
are warranted. Toxicological and pharmacokinetic assessments are urgently needed.
Hyperparathyroidism and Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: Antignani Pier Luigi , Jezovnik Mateja K , Blinc Ales , Mikhailidis Dimitri P. , Anagnostis Panagiotis , Schernthaner Gerit-Holger , Jensterle Mojca , Studen Katica Bajuk , Sabovic Miso , Poredos Pavel
Published: January 2024

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is presented in various forms, including classic
PHPT, characterised by increased parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion, normohormonal PHPT, and
normocalcaemic PHPT. Secondary hyperparathyroidism is characterised by increased PTH secretion
triggered by factors such as vitamin D deficiency and kidney failure. This review aims to discuss the
involvement of hyperparathyroidism (HPT) in atherosclerosis, including peripheral arterial disease
(PAD).

:

The increased level of PTH is involved in developing subclinical and overt vascular diseases, encompassing
endothelial dysfunction, vascular stiffness, hypertension, and coronary and peripheral
arterial diseases. It has been consistently associated with an augmented risk of cardiovascular morbidity
and mortality, independent of classical risk factors for atherosclerosis. Chronic hypercalcemia
associated with increased levels of PTH contributes to the development of calcification of vessel
walls and atherosclerotic plaques. Vascular calcification can occur in the intima or media of the arterial
wall and is associated with stiffness of peripheral arteries, which the formation of atherosclerotic
plaques and narrowing of the vessel lumen can follow. For treating hyperparathyroidism, particularly
SHPT, calcimimetics, novel phosphorus binders and novel vitamin D receptor activators are used.
However, they are ineffective in severe PHPT. Therefore, parathyroidectomy remains the primary
therapeutic option of PHPT.
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Buck Emory , Kearns Sean , Dahhan Talal , Parikh Kishan S. , Krasuski Richard A. , Rajagopal Sudarshan
Published: January 2024

:

While the majority of patients have complete resolution of their acute pulmonary embolism
(PE) after an adequate course of anticoagulation, some patients remain symptomatic with
evidence of chronic PE. Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) and Chronic
Thromboembolic Pulmonary Disease (CTEPD) are terms that describe symptomatic patients
with chronic thromboembolic occlusions of the pulmonary arteries with or without pulmonary hypertension,
respectively. Here, we review the definitions, epidemiology, pathobiology, diagnosis
and management of CTEPH. The chronic PE in CTEPH is essentially a scar in the pulmonary vasculature
and is accompanied by a pulmonary arteriolar vasculopathy. Ventilation-perfusion scanning
is the most sensitive screening test for CTEPH, and diagnosis must be confirmed by right
heart catheterization (RHC). Treatment decisions require a multidisciplinary team and guidance
from additional imaging, usually CT or pulmonary angiography. While pulmonary endarterectomy
(PEA) to remove the chronic PE surgically is still the first-line treatment for appropriate candidates,
there is an expanding role for balloon pulmonary angioplasty (BPA) and medical treatment,
as well as multimodality treatment approaches that incorporate all of those options. New imaging
modalities and treatment strategies hold the promise to improve our care and management of
CTEPH patients in the future.
The Association of the Mode of Delivery and Maternal Postpartum Readmission: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Maleki Azam , Youseflu Samaneh , Molaei Behnaz , Jenabi Ensiyeh , AsghariJafarabadi Mohammad
Published: January 2024

Background:

Postpartum readmission is one of the metrics for assessing the quality of
health services. There is inconsistent evidence about postpartum readmission and complications
by mode of delivery.

Objective:

We applied a meta-analysis to investigate whether the mode of delivery is associated
with postpartum readmission or complications.

Methods:

We systematically searched main English databases for studies published up to June
2022. The Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of observational studies.
The heterogeneity of included studies was determined using the I2 statistic and Begg’s and Egger’s
tests for publication bias, respectively. Results of the random-effects meta-analysis were presented
using odds ratio (OR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The Stata software version
16 was used for data analysis

Results:

In total, 18 studies with 514,577 subjects were suitable for reviewing maternal postpartum
readmission by mode of delivery. Our findings show that cesarean delivery is a risk factor for
increasing postpartum readmission than the vaginal delivery method (overall OR =1.42, CI 95%
1.22, 1.63, I2= 99.7%, p = 0.001). This chance was increased in primary cesarean (OR=2). Postpartum
hemorrhage and breast infection did not have risk factors for postpartum readmission.
While cardiopulmonary condition, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), genitourinary condition, and
wound complication were risk factors among causes.

Conclusion:

Cesarean delivery is one of the most important risk factors for postpartum readmission,
especially both childbirth-related/non-related complications causes. Therefore, it is necessary
to revise the schedule of postpartum visits based on the type of delivery.
Psychometric Properties of Dyadic Sexual Communication Scale- Persian Version
Authors: Bahrami Nasim , Ghorbani Sara , Griffiths Mark D. , Alimoradi Zainab
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim:

Couples’ sexual communication is one of the contributing factors
to the quality of couples’ sexual relationships. The aim of the present study was to psychometrically
evaluate the Persian version of the Dyadic Sexual Communication Scale (DSCS) among
married women of reproductive age.

Methods:

In this psychometric study, translation was carried out using the back-translation
method. The validity of the final version of the DSCS was performed using confirmatory factor
analysis and Rasch analysis. Concurrent validity was examined using the Female Sexual Function
Index (FSFI), Female Sexual Distress Scale (FSDS) and Marital Intimacy Scale (MIS). Reliability
was assessed by calculating Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed using
SPSS and Mplus software.

Results:

The participants comprised 400 married women with a mean age of 35.66 years living in
Qazvin, Iran. Construct validity was confirmed based on confirmatory factor analysis (χ2[df]:
113.49 (65), Tucker-Lewis index: 0.980, Composite Reliability: 0.87, SRMSR: 0.065, RMSEA:
0.043, CFI: 0.983. Concurrent validity was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, and
the DSCS was positively correlated with scores on the MIS (r=.64) and FSFI (r=.65) and negatively
correlated with scores on the FSDS (r=-.61). The internal reliability of the Persian DSCS
was very good (Cronbach’s alpha=.88).

Conclusion:

Based on psychometric testing, the Persian DSCS has good validity and reliability.
Therefore, the tool can be used to assess women’s sexual communication in the context of sexual
relationships. Future research should include males and compare and contrast results with females.
Construction of a Miniaturized Electrochemical Sensor for Voltammetric
Detection of 17β-Estradiol Using a g-C3N4-Decorated Gold Nanoparticles
Electrode
Authors: Ma Yue , Liu Xuqiao , Yan Kai , Zhang Jingdong
Published: January 2024

Background:

17β-estradiol (E2) is a steroid hormone that has the potential to disrupt the
endocrine system, leading to adverse effects on both humans and ecosystems, even when present in
low concentrations. The quantitative determination of E2 is of great practical significance.

Hypothesis:

Electrochemical methods offer several advantages, including low cost, ease of operation,
and potential for miniaturization, which makes them suitable for on-field detection applications.

Methods:

This research developed a miniaturized electrochemical sensor utilizing graphitic carbon
nitride (g-C3N4) assembled on an AuNPs/ITO film electrode for sensitive voltammetric detection of
a steroid hormone, E2.

Results:

Compared with AuNPs/ITO electrodes, the g-C3N4/AuNPs/ITO exhibits higher sensitivity
for voltammetric detection of E2. Under optimal conditions, the differential pulse voltammetric response
on the g-C3N4/AuNPs/ITO electrode was proportional to E2 concentration in the 25 ~ 600
μmol/L range, with a detection limit of 6.5 μmol/L.

Conclusion:

The proposed g-C3N4/AuNPs/ITO electrode exhibited a wide linear range, good selectivity,
and practical applicability for determining E2 in environmental water samples with acceptable
recovery.
Statin Use and Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk: A Comprehensive Meta-
Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Hashemi Rafsanjani Mahmood Reza , Rahimi Rasoul , Heidari-Soureshjani Saeid , Darvishi Mohammad , Adeli Omid-Ali , Abbaszadeh Saber
Published: January 2024

Background:

Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a public health problem around the
world. Several studies have investigated the association between statin use and the risk of HCC,
however, more studies are needed in this field.

Objectives:

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between
statin use and HCC risk.

Methods:

Systematic searches of Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct,
and Embase were conducted for studies published between 1980 and September 2023. Metaanalyses
were performed using Stata 15 with a significance level of 0.05.

Results:

The search retrieved 8,125 articles, of which 40 were included in the meta-analysis
after applying eligibility criteria. The total sample was 5,732,948 participants, including 68,698
HCC cases. Statin use was associated with a 44% lower risk of HCC compared to non-use (RR
0.56, 95% CI 0.50–0.63, p < 0.001). The RR was 0.54 (0.42-0.69) in American countries, 0.52
(0.44-0.62) in Asian countries, and 0.63 (0.48-0.84) in European countries. The RR was 0.50
(0.42-0.60) in studies with a mean age <50 years and 0.61 (0.53-0.70) in studies with a mean
age ≥50 years. No evidence of publication bias was found (Begg’s test p = 0.718).

Conclusion:

This meta-analysis found statin use is associated with a significantly lower HCC
risk. Statins may be a promising preventive intervention against HCC
Prediction of Drug Pathway-based Disease Classes using Multiple Properties of Drugs
Authors: Chen Lei , Li Linyang
Published: January 2024

Background:

Drug repositioning now is an important research area in drug discovery as
it can accelerate the procedures of discovering novel effects of existing drugs. However, it is challenging
to screen out possible effects for given drugs. Designing computational methods are a quick
and cheap way to complete this task. Most existing computational methods infer the relationships
between drugs and diseases. The pathway-based disease classification reported in KEGG provides
us a new way to investigate drug repositioning as such classification can be applied to drugs. A predicted
class of a given drug suggests latent diseases it can treat.

Objective:

The purpose of this study is to set up efficient multi-label classifiers to predict the classes
of drugs.

Methods:

We adopt three types of drug information to generate drug features, including drug pathway
information, label information and drug network. For the first two types, drugs are first encoded
into binary vectors, which are further processed by singular value decomposition. For the third type,
the network embedding algorithm, Mashup, is employed to yield drug features. Above features are
combined and fed into RAndom k-labELsets (RAKEL) to construct multi-label classifiers, where
support vector machine is selected as the base classification algorithm.

Results:

The ten-fold cross-validation results show that the classifiers provide high performance
with accuracy higher than 0.95 and absolute true higher than 0.92. The case study indicates the novel
effects of three drugs, i.e., they may treat new diseases.

Conclusion:

The proposed classifiers have high performance and are superiority to the classifiers
with other classic algorithms and drug information. Furthermore, they have the ability to discover
new effects of drugs.
Novel N-(3-ethynyl Phenyl)-6,7-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)Quinazoline-4-amine Derivatives:
Synthesis, Characterization, Anti-cancer Activity, In-silico and DFT Studies
Authors: Dash Amitananda , Vaddamanu Guruswamy , Karreddula Raja , Manubolu Surya Surendra Babu , G. Pavana Kumari , Mulakayala Naveen
Published: January 2024

Background:

Cancer is one of the most common reasons for mortality in the world. A continuous effort to
develop effective anti-cancer drugs with minimum side effects has become necessary. The use of small-molecule drugs
has revolutionized cancer research by inhibiting cancer cell survival and proliferation. Quinazolines are a class of bioactive
heterocyclic compounds with active pharmacophores in several anti-cancer drugs. Such small molecule inhibitors
obstruct the significant signals responsible for cancer cell development, thus blocking these cell signals to prevent cancer
development and spread.

Objective:

In the current study, novel quinazoline derivatives structurally similar to erlotinib were synthesized
and explored as novel anti-cancer agents.

Methods:

All the synthesized molecules were confirmed by spectroscopic techniques like 1H NMR, 13C NMR,
and ESI-MS. Various techniques were applied to study the protein-drug interaction, DFT analysis, Hirshfeld
surface, and target prediction. The molecules were screened in vitro for their anti-cancer properties against 60
human tumor cell lines. The growth inhibitory properties of a few compounds were studied against the MCF7
breast cancer cell line.

Results:

The activity of compounds 9f, 9o, and 9s were found to be active. However, compound 9f is more active
when compared with other compounds.

Conclusion:

Some synthesized compounds were active against different cancer cell lines. The in-vitro study
results were found to be in agreement with the predictions from in-silico data. The selected molecules were further
subjected to get the possible mechanism of action against different cancer cells.
Comparing The Mediterranean and The Japanese Dietary Pattern in Relation to Longevity - A Narrative Review
Authors: Damigou Evangelia , Kosti Rena Isaac , Downs Shauna Mae , Naumovski Nenad , Panagiotakos Demosthenes
Published: January 2024

:

The Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) and Japanese dietary pattern (JDP) have
received increasing attention from the scientific community and media, predominantly due to
their association with increased longevity and health. Although similarities between the two
dietary patterns are evident, a detailed comparison between them is still relatively unexplored.
This narrative review aimed to explore the similarities and differences between the MDP and
JDP in terms of longevity while also reflecting on the adoption of these diets by other populations
outside their regions of origin. Both dietary patterns are plant-based, minimally processed,
and sustainable for their respective regions and have been shown to significantly prolong life
expectancy in different populations. Nevertheless, these dietary patterns also differ in terms of
macronutrient ratios, food preparation and consumption and individual cultural characteristics
of each population. Additionally, both dietary patterns are part of broader lifestyle patterns,
which include other behaviors, such as abstaining from smoking, engaging in regular physical
activity, having low stress levels and a sense of community, spirituality/religiousness and purpose.
The promotion of these two dietary patterns should be implemented in other regions after
considering cultural and socio-economical characteristics.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram for Predicting Breast
Malignancy in Male Patients Based on Clinical and Ultrasound Features
Authors: Dong Wei-Hong , Wu Gang , Zhao Nan , Zhang Juan
Published: January 2024

Objective::

This study aimed to construct a nomogram based on clinical and ultrasound
(US) features to predict breast malignancy in males.

Methods::

The medical records between August, 2021 and February, 2023 were retrospectively
collected from the database. Patients included in this study were randomly divided into training
and validation sets in a 7:3 ratio. The models for predicting the risk of malignancy in male patients
with breast lesions were virtualized by the nomograms

Results::

Among the 71 enrolled patients, 50 were grouped into the training set, while 21 were
grouped into the validation set. After the multivariate analysis was done, pain, BI-RADS category,
and elastography score were identified as the predictors for malignancy risk and were selected
to generate the nomogram. The C-index was 0.931 for the model. Concordance between
predictions and observations was detected by calibration curves and was found to be good in
this study. The model achieved a net benefit across all threshold probabilities, which was shown
by the decision curve analysis (DCA) curve.

Conclusion::

We successfully constructed a nomogram to evaluate the risk of breast malignancy
in males using clinical and US features, including pain, BI-RADS category, and elastography
score, which yielded good predictive performance.
Mechanical and Morphological Analysis of Aramid Fiber (PPTA), Glass
Wool (GW), Aluminum (Al), and Silicon Carbide (SiC) Particles
Embedded High-density Polyethylene (HDPE) Hybrid Composites
Authors: Ahmed Rajib , Hasan Mahbub , Sheikh Md. Rezaul Karim , Faruqui A. Nayeem
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Composite research is adopting innovative materials in the current period
due to their better qualities, such as being lightweight, having excellent mechanical properties, being
relatively inexpensive, having a low coefficient of thermal expansion, etc.

Method:

Composite materials play a crucial part in this challenge, with the fast market growth for
lightweight and high-performance materials. In the present research, different weight percentages of
aramid fiber, glass wool, aluminum, and silicon carbide-reinforced high-density polyethylene hybrid
composite are introduced. The degree of adhesion between the matrix and reinforcement was determined through microstructural investigation utilizing an optical and scanning electronic microscope.

Result:

Mechanical properties (tensile behaviors, flexural behavior, impact strength and hardness
property) of the fabricated composites are investigated. Comparative study of mechanical properties
for different combinations of fabricated composites reveals an increase in elongation at break, flexural
strength, flexural modulus and hardness, while tensile strength and impact strength have decreased
sequentially from 5 to 40 wt.%.

Conclusion:

The mechanical properties of HDPE-PPTA-GW-Al-SiC hybrid composites obtained at
40 wt.% PPTA [Poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide)], GW (glass wool), Al, and SiC powder loading
are superior as compared to other hybrid composites.
Comparative Association of Substance Use, Psychosocial Factors,
and Suicidal Ideation in Turkish Youth
Authors: Prajapati Parna , Unlu Ali , Pumariega Andres
Published: January 2024

Objective:

The existing literature on the contribution of substance use
and psychosocial risk factors in the development of suicidal ideation in the
Turkish youth provides limited information. This study aims to compare the
relative association of substance use and psychosocial risk factors with suicidal
ideation in a sample of high school students in Istanbul.

Methods:

High school students were administered a survey of 66 questions in the
school setting. The total number of students surveyed was 31,604 by the Istanbul
Department of Education, and the primary questions and their sub-questions
generated dependent and independent variables that were used in this study. The
relationship between substance use, psychosocial factors, and suicidal ideation
was explored in this study. Logistic regression was used with independent
variables, such as substance use, light users, and heavy users and dependent
variable as suicidal ideation. The variation explained by this model was compared
to the variation explained by the psychosocial factors (age, gender, school type,
immigration status, perceived family affluence, parental education, school grades,
self-esteem scale, faith scale, anomie scale, anxiety scale, depression scale,
irritability scale, antisocial personality scale, time with peers, time with family,
parental involvement, family substance use, and peer influence) while exploring
the strength of the associations for each factor.

Results:

Psychosocial factors explained 33.8 % variance in the dependent
variable, i.e., suicidal ideation, whereas substance use among those participants
explained only 2.2 % variance in predicting suicidal ideation. Restricting analyses
to heavy drug users found a consistently low explained variance of about 1.5 %
of suicidal ideation in this population.

Conclusion:

The psychosocial factors are stronger predictors of suicidal ideation
as compared to the substance use risk factors in a sample of Turkish youth.
Bioinformatics-Assisted Extraction of All PCa miRNAs and their Target
Genes
Authors: Ramu Akilandeswari , Chinnappan Jayaprakash
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

To retrieve, and classify PCa miRNAs and identify the functional relation-ship between miRNAs and their targets through literature collection with computational analysis.

Background:

MicroRNAs play a role in gene regulation, which can either repress or activate the gene. Hence, the functions of miRNAs are dependent on the target gene. This study will be the first of its kind to combine computational analysis with corpus PCa data. Effectively, our study reported the huge number of miRNAs associated with PCa along with functional information.

Objective:

The identification and classification of previously known full PCa miRNAs and their targets were made possible by mining the literature data. Systems Biology and curated data mining assisted in identifying optimum miRNAs and their target genes for PCa therapy.

Methods:

PubMed database was used to collect the PCa literature up to December 2021. Pub-med.mineR package was used to extract the microRNAs associated articles and manual curation was performed to classify the microRNAs based on the function in PCa. PPI was constructed using the STRING database. Pathway analysis was performed using PANTHER and ToppGene Suite Software. Functional analysis was performed using ShinyGO software. Cluster analysis was per-formed using MCODE 2.0, and Hub gene analysis was performed using cytoHubba. The gene-miRNA network was reconstructed using Cytoscape.

Results:

Unique PCa miRNAs were retrieved and classified from mined PCa literature. Six hundred and five unique miRNAs from 250 articles were considered as oncomiRs to trigger PCa. One hun-dred and twenty unique miRNAs from 118 articles were considered Tumor Suppressor miRNAs to suppress the PCa. Twenty-four unique miRNAs from 22 articles were utilized as treatment miRNAs to treat PCa. miRNAs target genes and their significant pathways, functions and hub genes were identified.

Conclusion:

miR-27a, miR-34b, miR-495, miR-23b, miR-100, miR-218, Let-7a family, miR-27a-5p, miR-34c, miR-34a, miR-143/-145, miR-125b, miR-124 and miR-205 with their target genes AKT1, SRC, CTNNB1, HRAS, MYC and TP53 are significant PCa targets.
Feasible Synthesis of C Fibers@C-MoO2+x Submicro-particles Core-shell Composite for Highly Efficient Solar-driven Photocatalyst
Authors: Chen Yan , Wang Meng , Peng Zhijian , Fu Xiuli
Published: January 2024

Introduction:

Molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) is attractive due to its applications in optical,
electrical, and new energy fields. However, due to the poor conductivity, pure MoO2 possesses
inferior photocatalytic activity because of the strong recombination between photogenerated electrons
and holes.

Method:

One of the methods to overcome this shortage is to enable nanostructured MoO2 to be
composited with highly conductive materials like carbon fibers. Herein, we fabricate an interesting
C fibers@C-MoO2+x nanoparticle core-shell composite by heat treating Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)
fibers covered with PAN and MoO3 powder in Ar gas, in which the PAN carbonize into conductive
carbon in a heating process and meanwhile, the emitting reducing gases in-situ transform MoO3 to
conducting MoO2+x submicron-particles. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, the photocatalytic
removal rate for rhodamine B, phenol, and K2Cr2O7 on such composite are 11.28, 5.15, and 6.19
times those on commercial MoO2 powder, respectively.

Result:

The prepared composite presents excellent photocatalytic performance and outstanding stability
for degrading various environmental pollutants in water, which will be a good solar-driven
photocatalyst candidate for the degradation of toxic chemicals in industrial wastewater for environmental
remediation.

Conclusion:

Furthermore, this simple preparation strategy represents an easily operated, low-cost,
and environmentally friendly solution for industrial production.
The Association Between Internalized Stigma and Feelings of Loneliness and Quality of Life in Patients with Mental Disorders
Authors: Akhoondi Mohammad , Sadeghian Efat , Aubi Erfan , Shamsaei Farshid
Published: January 2024

Background:

Individuals with mental disorders are subject to stigma from society.
Some patients accept and internalize this stigma, while others suffer from loneliness
and reduced quality of life.

Objective:

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between internalized stigma,
feelings of loneliness, and quality of life in patients with mental disorders.

Methods:

In 2023, a descriptive study was conducted on 250 patients with psychological
disorders who were referred to Sina Hospital (Farshchian) in Hamadan. The patients were
selected using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected through face-to-face
interviews using four questionnaires: demographic information, the internalized stigma of
mental illness, Russell's loneliness scale, and the World Health Organization's 26-item
quality of life questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical
tests in SPSS-22 software.

Results:

There was a significant positive correlation between internal stigma and loneliness
(p < 0.001, r = 0.817) and a significant negative correlation between internal stigma
and quality of life (p < 0.001, r = -0.777). Additionally, loneliness and quality of life had a
significant negative correlation (p < 0.001, r = -0.838).

Conclusion:

The results generally indicate that approximately half of the patients with
internalized stigma experience moderate to severe distress. As internalized stigma increases,
patients are more likely to experience feelings of loneliness and decrease their quality
of life. Therefore, it is recommended that measures be taken to reduce internalized stigma
in patients with psychiatric disorders to alleviate feelings of loneliness and improve their
quality of life.
A Review of Nephrotoxins and Their Mechanism of Nephrotoxicity
Authors: Sahu Vaishnavi , Panjwani Dharamveer , Mishra Vibha
Published: January 2024

:

The harmful impact of substances on renal function is known as nephrotoxicity and the
substance that shows a harmful impact is called nephrotoxins. Nephrotoxins can be classified into
various categories like drugs as nephrotoxins, plant-origin nephrotoxins, environmental toxins, dietary
supplements as nephrotoxins, mycotoxins, pesticides and some infection-causing agents to
act as nephrotoxins. Drugs like cisplatin and aminoglycosides, plants like lemongrass and licorice,
pesticides like alachlor and atrazine, environmental toxins like heavy metals, halogenated aliphatic
hydrocarbons and aromatic halides, mycotoxins like citrinin are the examples of nephrotoxins. The
various mechanisms by which they can cause nephrotoxicity are inflammation, tubular cell necrosis
(drug-induced), hemolysis, vasoconstriction (plant-induced), oxidative stress, enhanced permeability,
encephalopathy (environmental toxins), cysts formation, nephrolithiasis (by dietary supplements),
tubular epithelial degeneration, vascular congestion (pesticides induced) endothelial cell
damage, hypertrophy of tubular cell, increased vascular permeability (infection agents induced),
etc. The abstract provides an overview of the basic groups of nephrotoxins as well as specific examples
and their individual modes of action. It also emphasises the great diversity of substances
and mechanisms that can contribute to nephrotoxicity.
Design, Development and In-Vitro Characterization of Insulin Loaded Topical Pluronic-Lecithin Based Organogel Formulation for the Management of Diabetic Wound
Authors: Chauhan Sunita , Jhawat Vikas , Singh Rahul Pratap , Yadav Abhishek , Garg Vandana
Published: January 2024

Aim:

To develop and characterize the topical insulin-loaded organogel formulation for
the management of diabetic wounds.

Objectives:

To formulate and evaluate organogel of insulin that can serve as a topical administration
for promoting enhanced wound healing in diabetic patients by providing sustained and localized
delivery of drug to the wound site.

Methodology:

The insulin organogel formulated by the micro-emulsion method involves mixing the
“aqueous and oil phases” at high shear. Physical and chemical properties, as well as an in vitro
study with a Franz diffusion chamber, were used to evaluate the prepared organogel.

Results:

All formulations proved to be off-white, homogeneous, washable, and had a pH between 6
and 6.5; moreover, they were non-irritating and skin-compatible. Formulations F1–F6 had viscosity
ranging from 2058 to 3168 cps, spreadability ranges of 0.35 to 0.52 g*cm/s, and gel transition ranges
of 28.33 to 35.33 °C. In formulations F1–F3, the concentration of lecithin was gradually increased,
and in formulations F4–F6, the concentration of PF-127 was increased, resulting in a decrease
in gel transition temperature, an increase in viscosity, and a gradual change in spreadability.
The higher-viscosity formulations were much more stable and had better drug release. All formulations
were fitted to a kinetic model belonging to first-order kinetics. However, after examining the
parameter evaluation, it was found that the formulations F2 and F6 were better suited to the kinetic
model and were consistent with the first-order and Higuchi models in Korsmeyer-Peppas F2 (r2 =
0.9544 and n = 1.0412); F6 (r2 = 0.9019 and n = 1.0822), which was a confirmation of the sustainability
of the release system with matrix diffusion and drug delivery mechanisms that were based on
the Super-Case II transport.

Conclusion:

Further research and clinical trials are needed to validate its efficacy, optimize the
formulation, and establish its long-term safety. Topical insulin organogel has the potential to revolutionize
diabetic wound management by improving healing outcomes, reducing complications, and
raising the standard of living for those who have diabetes.
Diverse Farming Systems and their Impact on Macro and Microelement Content of Vegetables & Crops
Authors: Rani Madhu , Kapoor Sonia
Published: January 2024

Background:

The present study investigates the effect of conventional and organic
farming systems on the nutritional profile of crops. Different crops, namely –millet, sorghum,
sesame, mustard, fenugreek, berseem, pea, potato, and onion were cultivated through conventional agriculture in which chemical fertilizers like urea, DAP (Diammonium Phosphate) and
pesticides were used and organic farming in which organic fertilizers like seaweed and vermicompost were used.

Objective:

The experimental study was done on a field in north India from 2019 to 2021 in six
different seasons, and the nutrient profile of the crops with respect to macroelements (S, K, Na,
P, Ca, Mg) and microelements (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Al) was compared.

Methods:

Macro and microelements were analyzed by Element analyzer and ICP-OES in both
types of farming systems. The content of macro, as well as microelements, was found to be significantly higher in all the organically produced crops as compared to the conventionally grown
crops.

Results:

Significant differences were observed in the macroelement content of organic onion (P900 mg/kg, K-2000mg/kg) and organic pea (K 2250 mg/kg) as compared to the content of conventionally grown onion (P-756 mg/kg, K- 1550 mg/kg) and pea (K-2000 mg/kg). Similarly,
microelement content in the organic sesame (Fe - 3.12 mg/kg), organic millet (Fe- 2.19 mg/kg),
and organic potato (Zn-200 mg/kg) was higher as compared to conventionally grown sesame (Fe
2.05 mg/kg), millet (Fe- 1.56 mg/kg) and potato (Zn 167 mg/kg).

Conclusion:

This investigation concludes that crops with optimum nutritional content can be
produced through organic farming with minimum input and maximum production.
Impact of Mobile Applications on Improving Healthy Lifestyle of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Nafisah Nafisah , Sri Hayati Yati
Published: January 2024

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) generally occurs in adults and becomes more prevalent with age. Most e-health tools are often described as web-based platforms or applications designed for the general public, rather than specifically for MetS patients. Mobile applications, however, have great potential in providing internet-based health education and supporting the self-management of MetS patients, particularly in diet management and physical activity. This study aimed to synthesize the findings on the impact of mobile app interventions in enhancing self-management practices among MetS patients. A comprehensive literature search covering the years 2019 to 2023 was conducted across Science Direct, ProQuest, and PubMed databases. From 16,628 articles analyzed, 11 were selected for review. The interventions were categorized into short-term (> 12 months) and long-term (≥ 12 months). Eleven mobile applications were identified. These applications were primarily free and designed to facilitate the management of diet and physical activity. The study observed significant changes in the components of metabolic syndrome, including weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index, fasting blood sugar, triglycerides, and High-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, these mobile applications demonstrated a positive impact on the lifestyle of MetS patients, influencing factors such as eating behavior, physical activity, self-efficacy, sleep quality, and sleep duration.
Qualitative study on private school branding in Indonesia: Identifying barriers and strategies for school branding
Authors:   Educational Management Study Program, Postgraduate Faculty, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia, Irdiyanti Dwi Titik , Haryono Haryono ,   Educational Management Study Program, Postgraduate Faculty, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia, Oktorina Nina ,   Educational Management Study Program, Postgraduate Faculty, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia, Awalya Awalya ,   Educational Management Study Program, Postgraduate Faculty, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
Published: January 2024

This research focuses on understanding how private schools in Indonesia use branding to stay relevant and competitive. It explores the difficulties these schools face in branding and suggests potential solutions. The study employed a systematic review of literature, examining journal articles on school branding from 2016 to 2022. These articles, 20 in total, were found in the Google Scholar database in 2022. The research utilized Nvivo software to analyze the data and draw conclusions. Findings reveal two main types of challenges in school branding: internal and external. Internal challenges include insufficient quality of school staff and the lack of a clear brand identity and personality for the school. External challenges involve government policies, limited public understanding of private schools, and the public's perception of these schools. The study suggests four branding strategies for private schools: developing a brand identity and personality, positioning the brand effectively, and effective brand communication.
The Digital Therapeutics Real-World Evidence Framework: An Approach for Guiding Evidence-Based Digital Therapeutics Design, Development, Testing, and Monitoring
Authors: Kim Meelim , Patrick Kevin , Nebeker Camille , Godino Job , Stein Spencer , Klasnja Predrag , Perski Olga , Viglione Clare , Coleman Aaron , Hekler Eric
Published: January 2024

Digital therapeutics (DTx) are a promising way to provide safe, effective, accessible, sustainable, scalable, and equitable approaches to advance individual and population health. However, developing and deploying DTx is inherently complex in that DTx includes multiple interacting components, such as tools to support activities like medication adherence, health behavior goal-setting or self-monitoring, and algorithms that adapt the provision of these according to individual needs that may change over time. While myriad frameworks exist for different phases of DTx development, no single framework exists to guide evidence production for DTx across its full life cycle, from initial DTx development to long-term use. To fill this gap, we propose the DTx real-world evidence (RWE) framework as a pragmatic, iterative, milestone-driven approach for developing DTx. The DTx RWE framework is derived from the 4-phase development model used for behavioral interventions, but it includes key adaptations that are specific to the unique characteristics of DTx. To ensure the highest level of fidelity to the needs of users, the framework also incorporates real-world data (RWD) across the entire life cycle of DTx development and use. The DTx RWE framework is intended for any group interested in developing and deploying DTx in real-world contexts, including those in industry, health care, public health, and academia. Moreover, entities that fund research that supports the development of DTx and agencies that regulate DTx might find the DTx RWE framework useful as they endeavor to improve how DTxcan advance individual and population health.