bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics achievement: multilevel analysis with NAEP 2019
Authors: Yang Yao , Maeda Yukiko , Gentry Marcia
Published: May 2024

Background

This empirical study aims to investigate the association between mathematics self-efficacy and mathematics achievement gaps among students in Grades 4, 8, and 12, utilizing data from the 2019 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The study also considers student-level (e.g., mathematics self-efficacy, gender, race/ethnicity) and school-level (e.g., school location, proportion of underrepresented students) demographics to provide a comprehensive analysis of the factors contributing to mathematics achievement gaps.

Methods

A two-level cross-sectional multilevel modeling approach was employed to analyze the variance in mathematics achievement, partitioning it into within- and between-school components. This approach allowed for an examination of association between mathematics self-efficacy and achievement gaps while considering various student and school characteristics. The rationale behind this methodology lies in its ability to capture the hierarchical nature of educational data and provide a nuanced understanding of the factors associated with mathematics achievement.

Results

The analysis of the NAEP data revealed substantial variability in mathematics achievement across schools in the United States at all grade levels. Furthermore, mathematics self-efficacy emerged as a robust predictor of students' mathematics achievement, exhibiting significant effect sizes for Grades 4, 8, and 12. Remarkably, when students' mathematics self-efficacy was held constant, the mathematics achievement gaps among different student subgroups by gender, race/ethnicity, ELL, IEP, NSLP status narrowed, highlighting the importance of self-efficacy in addressing these disparities. The study also identified the presence of significant school contextual effects, further emphasizing the role of the educational environment in shaping mathematics achievement.

Conclusions

This study underscores the critical role of mathematics self-efficacy in influencing mathematics achievement gaps among students. By acknowledging the association between self-efficacy beliefs and mathematics achievement, policymakers and educators can develop targeted interventions to enhance students' confidence and motivation in mathematics, ultimately promoting equitable educational outcomes. The findings also emphasize the significance of school-level factors, calling for comprehensive approaches that consider both individual and contextual factors in narrowing achievement gaps. The implications of adopting a self-efficacy perspective to address mathematics achievement gaps extend to educational policy, curriculum development, and instructional practices, ultimately fostering more inclusive and effective mathematics education for all students.
Reflecting on activities which support public involvement within an evaluation of public involvement reports from facilities funded by the national institute for health and care research: a co-produced commentary
Authors: Moult Alice , Aries Ali , Bailey Paul , Paskins Zoe
Published: May 2024

Although including public contributors as members of research teams is becoming common, there are few reflections on how they have been incorporated, and almost none of these reflections are co-produced with public contributors. This commentary, written by both academics and a public contributor, reflects on Patient and Public Involvement (PPI) activities when undertaking a framework analysis of PPI sections of annual reports from the National Institute for Health and care Research (NIHR) funded research centres. The UK Standards for Public Involvement (inclusive opportunities, working together, support and learning, communications, impact and governance) were used to structure our reflections. Key topics of reflection were: how difficult it is, in practice, to incorporate PPI into all aspects of the research cycle, especially when completing a commissioned research project on a short time-frame, and the complexities of incorporating PPI into qualitative analysis. Although useful when reflecting upon our own PPI practices, ways in which the UK Standards for Public Involvement could be improved were suggested. We hope that the co-produced recommendations can be used by other teams engaging with public contributors.
Gender-specific associations between sleep quality, sleep duration and cognitive functioning among older Indians: findings from WHO-SAGE study
Authors: Muhammad T. , Anil Kumar A. H. Sruthi , Sekher T. V.
Published: May 2024

Background

Sleep is an essential component of human health and well-being, playing a crucial role in several cognitive processes, including attention, memory, and executive function. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between sleep quality, sleep duration and cognitive functioning among older men and women in India.

Methods

Data come from the World Health Organization’s Study on global AGEing and adult health (WHO-SAGE), India wave-2, which was conducted in 2015 in six selected states of India, representing different country regions. The sample included 6,396 older adults aged 50 years and above. We used multivariable linear regression models to examine the associations between sleep quality, sleep duration and cognitive function, separately among older men and women.

Results

Older men and women with poor sleep and short duration sleep had lower mean scores of cognition than their peers with good sleep and age-appropriate sleep duration. Poor sleep (aCoef: -5.09, CI: -8.66, -1.51) and short duration sleep (aCoef: -5.43, CI: -7.77, -3.10) were negatively associated with cognitive functioning among older men and the associations remained significant among older men with poor sleep (aCoef: -2.39, CI: -3.78, -1.00) and short duration sleep (aCoef: -4.39, CI: -6.46, -2.31) after adjusting for a large number of socio-demographic, health and behavioral factors. Similarly, poor sleep (aCoef: -3.15, CI: -5.79, -0.52) and short duration sleep (aCoef: -2.72, CI: -4.64, -0.81) were associated with cognitive functioning among older women, however, the associations were insignificant when the potential confounders were adjusted.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence for the significant association between sleep health and cognitive functioning in older Indian adults, especially older men, with poor sleep quality and insufficient sleep duration being detrimental to their cognitive health. Healthcare providers should routinely screen for sleep quality and age-appropriate sleep duration in their older adult patients and consider sex/gender-tailored sleep interventions as part of cognitive health management strategies.
Cross-sectional study of psychiatric disorders in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and individuals without pain
Authors: Duque Ruben Horst , Andrade Carla Vasconcelos Cáspar , Campos Valdir Ribeiro , Moulaz Isac Ribeiro , Albertino Laíssa Fiorotti , de Oliveira Gavi Maria Bernadete Renoldi
Published: May 2024

Background

Musculoskeletal chronic pain is a leading cause of global disability and laboral incapacity. However, there is a lack of population-based studies that investigate the relationship between chronic pain and mental disorders with a control group, particularly among low- and middle-income countries. Chronic pain is a serious public health problem in terms of human suffering, and in terms of socioeconomic implications. Frequent association with different mental disorders increases disability, decreases quality of life, and makes diagnosis and treatment challenging. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of mental disorders in patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain and compare with a control group without pain.

Methods

We selected 100 patients in a regular follow-up at the Musculoskeletal Pain Outpatient Clinic of the University Hospital and compared them with 100 painless individuals from the control group from June 2016 to June 2018. The instruments used were the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI-PLUS) and a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data. Statistical analysis used t-test, chi-square, Fisher’s exact test, Mann-Whitney, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, and multiple logistic regression.

Results

In the sample evaluated, the majority of patients were women (83%), of brown color (54%), with lower-level education (51%), lower salary range (73%) and high absenteeism rate at work (60,7%). Patients with chronic pain had more psychiatric disorders (88% vs. 48% in the control group; p < 0.001). The most frequent diagnoses were anxiety disorders with panic attacks (44%), generalized anxiety (36%), mixed anxiety and depression disorder (33%), social phobia (30%), agoraphobia (29%), suicide risk (28%), and major depression (27%).

Conclusion

Positive correlations of mental disorders and chronic musculoskeletal pain have been documented. This suggests that psychiatric components must be taken into account in the management of chronic pain syndromes. The use of Mini Plus as a diagnostic tool for psychiatric disorders can contribute to optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of patients with chronic pain and encourage the creation of policies with strategies and criteria for quick access to Multi-professional Services.
Geographic coordinate validation and assignment using an edge-constrained layout
Authors: Birchfield Adam B.
Published: May 2024

Electric grids with buses that are mapped to geographic latitude and longitude are useful for a growing number of applications, such as data visualization, geomagnetically induced current calculations, and multi-energy coupled infrastructure simulations. This paper presents a methodology for validating the quality of geographic coordinates for a power system model, and to assign coordinates to buses with missing or low-quality coordinates. This method takes advantage of geographic indicators already intrinsic to a grid model, such as branch length as implied by impedance and susceptance parameters. The coordinate assignment process uses an approach inspired by graph drawing, that lays out the vertices (buses) and edges (transmission lines), formulated as a nonlinear programming problem with soft edge length constraints. The layout method is very computationally fast and scalable to large power system cases. The method is demonstrated in this paper using a 37-bus test case and a 6717-bus test case, both publicly available, along with a large actual grid model. The results show that, for cases with only a few errors in the coordinates, cases with no coordinates known beforehand, and others in between, this method is able to assign reasonable geographic coordinates to best match known data about the grid.
Guidelines for ketamine use in clinical psychiatry practice
Authors: Jelen Luke A. , McShane Rupert , Young Allan H.
Published: May 2024

In this editorial, we emphasise the efficacy and challenges of using ketamine in treatment-resistant depression. We highlight the need for comprehensive evidence-based guidelines to manage the use of both licensed and off-licence ketamine formulations and discuss recent efforts by Beaglehole et al to develop ketamine guidelines in New Zealand. We finally advocate for national registries to monitor ketamine therapy, ensuring its responsible and effective use in the management of depression.
Phenotyping Hepatic Immune-Related Adverse Events in the Setting of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Feldman Theodore C. , Kaplan David E. , Lin Albert , La Jennifer , Lee Jerry S.H. , Aljehani Mayada , Tuck David P. , Brophy Mary T. , Fillmore Nathanael R. , Do Nhan V.
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE

We present and validate a rule-based algorithm for the detection of moderate to severe liver-related immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in a real-world patient cohort. The algorithm can be applied to studies of irAEs in large data sets.

METHODS

We developed a set of criteria to define hepatic irAEs. The criteria include: the temporality of elevated laboratory measurements in the first 2-14 weeks of immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment, steroid intervention within 2 weeks of the onset of elevated laboratory measurements, and intervention with a duration of at least 2 weeks. These criteria are based on the kinetics of patients who experienced moderate to severe hepatotoxicity (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events grades 2-4). We applied these criteria to a retrospective cohort of 682 patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma and treated with ICI. All patients were required to have baseline laboratory measurements before and after the initiation of ICI.

RESULTS

A set of 63 equally sampled patients were reviewed by two blinded, clinical adjudicators. Disagreements were reviewed and consensus was taken to be the ground truth. Of these, 25 patients with irAEs were identified, 16 were determined to be hepatic irAEs, 36 patients were nonadverse events, and two patients were of indeterminant status. Reviewers agreed in 44 of 63 patients, including 19 patients with irAEs (0.70 concordance, Fleiss' kappa: 0.43). By comparison, the algorithm achieved a sensitivity and specificity of identifying hepatic irAEs of 0.63 and 0.81, respectively, with a test efficiency (percent correctly classified) of 0.78 and outcome-weighted F1 score of 0.74.

CONCLUSION

The algorithm achieves greater concordance with the ground truth than either individual clinical adjudicator for the detection of irAEs.
Paradigm Shifts in Hodgkin Lymphoma Treatment: From Frontline Therapies to Relapsed Disease
Authors: Burton Cathy , Allen Pamela , Herrera Alex F.
Published: May 2024

Combination chemotherapy with or without radiation has served as the primary therapeutic option for classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), leading to durable remission in a majority of patients with early- and advanced-stage cHL. Patients with relapsed/refractory (RR) cHL could still be cured with salvage chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation. Brentuximab vedotin (BV) and the anti–PD-1–blocking antibodies, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, are highly effective treatments for cHL and have revolutionized the management of the disease. Recent studies incorporating BV and PD-1 blockade into salvage therapy for RR cHL and into frontline treatment regimens have changed the cHL treatment paradigm. The novel agents are also useful in the treatment of older patients who have poor outcomes with traditional therapy. This manuscript will review current strategies for approaching the management of previously untreated, RR, and challenging populations with cHL, including how to incorporate the novel agents.
Tibial strains are sensitive to speed perturbations, but not grade perturbations, during running
Authors: Baggaley Michael , Haider Ifaz , Bruce Olivia , Khassetarash Arash , Edwards W. Brent
Published: May 2024

A fatigue-failure process is hypothesized to govern the development of tibial stress fractures, where bone damage is highly dependent on the peak strain magnitude. To date, much of the work examining tibial strain during running has ignored uphill and downhill running despite the prevalence of this terrain. This study examined the sensitivity of tibial strain to changes in running grade and speed using a combined musculoskeletal-finite element modelling routine. Seventeen participants ran on a treadmill at ±10, ±5 and 0 deg; at each grade, participants ran at 3.33 m s−1 and at a grade-adjusted speed of 2.50 and 4.17 m s−1 for uphill and downhill grades, respectively. Force and motion data were recorded in each grade and speed combination. Muscle and joint contact forces were estimated using inverse-dynamics-based static optimization. These forces were applied to a participant-adjusted finite element model of the tibia. None of the strain variables (50th and 95th percentile strain and strained volume ≥4000 με) differed as a function of running grade; however, all strain variables were sensitive to running speed (F1≥9.59, P≤0.03). In particular, a 1 m s−1 increase in speed resulted in a 9% (∼260 με) and 155% (∼600 mm3) increase in peak strain and strained volume, respectively. Overall, these findings suggest that faster running speeds, but not changes in running grade, may be more deleterious to the tibia.
Tree frogs (Polypedates dennysi) landing on horizontal perches: the effects of perch diameter
Authors: Song Yi , Zhou Rui , Qiu Ye , Chen Jian , Dai Zhendong , Wu Huaping , Gorb Stanislav N.
Published: May 2024

Secure landing is indispensable for both leaping animals and robotics. Tree frogs, renowned for their adhesive capabilities, can effectively jump across intricate 3D terrain and land safely. Compared with jumping, the mechanisms underlying their landing technique, particularly in arboreal environments, have remained largely unknown. In this study, we focused on the landing patterns of the tree frog Polypedates dennysi on horizontally placed perches, explicitly emphasizing the influence of perch diameters. Tree frogs demonstrated diverse landing postures, including the utilization of: (1) single front foot, (2) double front feet, (3) anterior bellies, (4) middle bellies, (5) posterior bellies, (6) single hind foot, or (5) double hind feet. Generally, tree frogs favoured bellies on slimmer targets but double front feet on large perches. Analysis of limb–trunk relationships revealed their adaptability to modify postures, including body positions and limb orientations, for successful landing. The variations in the initial landing postures affected the subsequent landing procedures and, consequently, the dynamics. As the initial contact position switched from front foot back to the hind foot, the stabilization time decreased at first, reaching a minimum in middle belly landings, and then increased again. The maximum vertical forces showed an inverse trend, whereas the maximum fore–aft forces continuously increased as the initial contact position switched. As the perch diameter increased, the time expended dropped, whereas the maximum impact force increased. These findings not only add to our understanding of frog landings but also highlight the necessity of considering perch diameters and landing styles when studying the biomechanics of arboreal locomotion.
Early life exposure to queen mandibular pheromone mediates persistent transcriptional changes in the brain of honey bee foragers
Authors: Peng Tianfei , Kennedy Anissa , Wu Yongqiang , Foitzik Susanne , Grüter Christoph
Published: May 2024

Behavioural regulation in insect societies remains a fundamental question in sociobiology. In hymenopteran societies, the queen plays a crucial role in regulating group behaviour by affecting individual behaviour and physiology through modulation of worker gene expression. Honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens signal their presence via queen mandibular pheromone (QMP). While QMP has been shown to influence behaviour and gene expression of young workers, we know little about how these changes translate in older workers. The effects of the queen pheromone could have prolonged molecular impacts on workers that depend on an early sensitive period. We demonstrate that removal of QMP impacts long-term gene expression in the brain and antennae in foragers that were treated early in life (1 day post emergence), but not when treated later in life. Genes important for division of labour, learning, chemosensory perception and ageing were among those differentially expressed in the antennae and brain tissues, suggesting that QMP influences diverse physiological and behavioural processes in workers. Surprisingly, removal of QMP did not have an impact on foraging behaviour. Overall, our study suggests a sensitive period early in the life of workers, where the presence or absence of a queen has potentially life-long effects on transcriptional activity.
Znaczenie, wykorzystanie i ochrona wypływów wód podziemnych w województwie pomorskim
Authors: Chlost Izabela , Fac-Beneda Joanna
Published: May 2024

W pracy przedstawiono zróżnicowanie, funkcje i znaczenie wypływów wód podziemnych w obrębie jednostki administracyjnej na przykładzie województwa pomorskiego. Realizację celu rozpoczęto od określenia stanu zinwentaryzowania źródeł na terenie województwa (aktualnie jest ich ponad 1300), a w dalszym etapie rozpoznania ich roli w środowisku geograficznym przy uwzględnieniu aspektu przyrodniczego, społecznego, kulturowego i sposobów wykorzystania gospodarczego. Materiał wyjściowy uzyskano w oparciu o kwerendę danych archiwalnych, interpretację map topograficznych i tematycznych oraz patrolowe badania terenowe przeprowadzone w latach 2006–2022. Stwierdzono, że na terenie objętym badaniem źródła pełnią zróżnicowane funkcje. Inicjują odpływ potamiczny (np. Źródła Roztoka, Źródliska Czarnej Wody), kształtują krajobraz i są ostoją bioróżnorodności (np. Karwickie Źródliska, Źródliska w Dolinie Ewy, Staniszewskie Zdroje). Reprezentują zabytki dziedzictwa religijno-kulturowego, w których woda uznawana jest za świętą (np. Matemblewo, Swarzewo, Piaseczno). W kontekście znaczenia użytkowego udokumentowano wykorzystanie gospodarcze wód źródlanych do napędzania młynów i kuźni wodnych (np. Siemianice, Górczyn, Źródła Studnicy), elektrowni (Staniszewskie Zdroje), a także stawów rybnych (Świecino). Wody źródlane ujmowane są też w celu zaopatrzenia w wodę pitną (Kętrzyno itd.).
Niepewność reżimu odpływu rzek w Polsce w warunkach ocieplenia klimatu
Authors: Wrzesiński Dariusz , Brzezińska Wiktoria
Published: May 2024

Obserwowana od końca lat 80. XX w. zmiana klimatu w Polsce polegająca na istotnym wzroście temperatury powietrza prowadzi do zmiany funkcjonowania środowiska hydrologicznego, w tym sposobu zasilania rzek i wysokości oraz rozkładu odpływu w cyklu rocznym. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie przestrzennego zróżnicowania niepewności reżimu odpływu rzek i jej zmian w Polsce w latach 1951–2020 na podstawie miary opartej na teorii entropii informacji Shannona. Ustalono stopień niepewności odpływu w cyklu rocznym w całym wieloleciu 1951–2020 oraz w dwóch podokresach: przed silnym wzrostem temperatury powietrza (1951–1988) i w jego czasie (1988–2020). Po roku 1988 nastąpił wzrost niepewności i wyrównanie rozkładu odpływu rzek w przypadku 86% przekrojów wodowskazowych w dorzeczu Wisły, istotny statystycznie we wschodniej części dorzecza. Natomiast odpływ większości rzek w dorzeczu Odry (61%) wykazał nieistotny statystycznie spadek entropii rozkładu odpływu. Do przyczyn takich zmian należy zaliczyć przestrzenne zróżnicowanie zmian wysokości odpływu i jego struktury w okresie ocieplenia. Entropia rozkładu informująca o sezonowości odpływu może być przydatną miarą charakteryzującą reżim odpływu i jego transformację w warunkach zmiany klimatu. Na zmianę reżimu odpływu najbardziej narażone są rzeki o reżimie niwalnym, zwłaszcza niwalnym silnie wykształconym, oraz reżimach złożonych: niwalno-pluwialnym i pluwialno-niwalnym.
Counterintelligence, Artificial Intelligence and National Security: Synergy and Challenges
Authors: Kanellopoulos Anastasios Nikolaos
Published: May 2024

Counterintelligence (CI) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) represent two distinct yet interconnected domains that play pivotal roles in safeguarding National and International Security. On the first hand, CI involves activities and measures taken to identify, prevent and counter any Intelligence activities of hostile entities, such as spying, sabotage and information gathering. On the other hand, AI refers to the development and use of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence, such as learning, reasoning and problem-solving. Subsequently, in the ever-evolving landscape of global security, the rise of AI has ushered in a new era of CI practices. The present paper delves into the intersection of CI and AI, exploring the profound impact of AI on the CI processes and how it is transforming National Security strategies, highlighting at the same time the fields of mutually influence. Ultimately, underscores the imperative of harnessing AI's potential to strengthen CI efforts in an ever-evolving threat landscape. Plus, it investigates the ethical concerns and privacy implications associated with AI in CI emphasizing the imperative of responsible AI development and deployment. Finally, through comprehensive international case studies, offers insights into how United States, China, Russia and Israel have integrated AI into their Intelligence and CI strategies, shedding light on the diverse approaches and challenges faced by different countries. Summarizing, the paper underscores the potential synergy between AI and CI, while also acknowledging the formidable challenges it presents, such as privacy concerns and adversarial AI. Striking a balance between harnessing AI's power and safeguarding national interests remains a pivotal task for policymakers and intelligence agencies in the ever-evolving landscape of national security.
Artificial Intelligence and Theology: Can Different Doctrines Have Different Outcomes?
Authors: Dimara Vasilia , Chatzivasileiou Dimitra , Psomiadi Anastasia , Efthymiou-Egleton Theocharis William , Kassar Laura , Gancas Haley
Published: May 2024

This article focuses on how different theological perspectives may influence AI acceptance in diverse faith communities. It highlights differences between Western and Eastern Christian traditions, suggesting that the historical emphasis on intellect in Western Christianity might make it more open to AI, though challenges in church integration are acknowledged. Global examples of AI assimilation in religious practices, from a robotic Buddhist preacher to a blessing-delivering robot in a German church, are discussed. The article argues that theological doctrines shape AI perspectives, influencing ethics and raising profound questions about human identity. The ongoing debate questions whether AI threatens theology or fosters enriching dialogue. The article suggests, through historical parallels and the dynamic interplay of theological doctrines and technology, that the relationship between AI and theology could evolve into constructive engagement rather than inherent conflict.
El viche del Pacífico: el derecho como una herramienta de redistribución de recursos
Authors: Yepes García Daniela , Rodríguez Morales Andrés
Published: May 2024

Este capítulo presenta los resultados de la estrategia de litigio estratégico diseñada por el Grupo de Acciones Públicas (GAP) de la Universidad del Rosario en contra del parágrafo del artículo 7.º de la Ley 1816 de 2016. Este artículo omitió excluir del monopolio rentístico de bebidas alcohólicas a las bebidas tradicionales afrodescendientes. El texto aborda la problemática del caso desde el análisis distributivo del derecho y evidencia los riesgos que actualmente enfrenta acudir a estrategias de litigio que cuestionan la constitucionalidad en abstracto de una ley. Se concluye que, pese a la creciente pérdida de publicidad de la acción pública de inconstitucionalidad, esta acción fue utilizada como un mecanismo de redistribución de recursos en favor de las comunidades afrodescendientes.
La educación jurídica en derechos humanos en Brasil y el rol de las clínicas jurídicas en el siglo XXI
Authors: Monteiro Danese Paula
Published: May 2024

El presente capítulo busca aclarar la importancia de clínicas jurídicas de derechos, en especial cuando se refiere a países que pasaron por una transición democrática, como Brasil. A partir de un aporte teórico, se demuestra que el litigio estratégico es muy importante para cambios sociales en materia de derechos humanos, pero no es la única forma de actuación, como se demuestra con la actuación práctica de la clínica jurídica de derechos humanos de IBMEC.
Um Percurso Inventivo de Pesquisa e Existência
Authors: Passetti Edson
Published: May 2024

Resenha do livro de Heliana Conde que trata de metodologias, pesquisas e práticas voltadas para a proveniência da psicologia institucionalistas e da história do grupalismo-institucionalismo no Brasil, com ênfase na história oral. Uma obra de referência também para compreender a vida como arte.
“SEI EXPLICAR DA MINHA CABEÇA, MAS NÃO SEI COLOCAR NO PAPEL”: ESCRITA DE “REDAÇÕES MODELO ENEM” COM JOVENS QUE VIVENCIARAM CONFLITOS COM A LEI / "I CAN EXPLAIN FROM MY HEAD, BUT I CAN'T PUT IT ON PAPER": WRITING "ENEM MODEL ESSAYS” WITH JUVENILES WHO HAV
Authors: Lima Karina Rivelli Gonçalves , Oliveira Marcia Lisbôa Costa de
Published: May 2024

O artigo apresenta fundamentos, procedimentos, práticas e resultados de uma investigação que objetivou construir uma proposta de ensino de escrita voltada para a prova de redação do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (ENEM). A pesquisa desenvolveu-se no campo de um projeto de extensão universitária que, em convênio com o Tribunal de Justiça estadual, atua junto a jovens com histórico de conflito com a lei. Combinou-se a Pesquisa-Ação Socialmente Crítica (Tripp, 2005) à Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin, 2011) e o estudo fundou-se em estudos contemporâneos sobre os letramentos (Street; 2003, 2014; Gee, 2012; Janks, 2016; Kalantzis, Cope e Pinheiro, 2020). Associou-se o exercício da autoria e da criticidade ao desenvolvimento de práticas de escrita na variedade padrão da Língua Portuguesa, almejando-se contribuir para a superação do desencontro entre os conhecimentos dos/das participantes e aqueles exigidos no exame. Observou-se que a estandardização da escrita no gênero textual redação modelo ENEM, cuja estrutura induz à repetição de um formato previamente estabelecido, limita a autoria e o desenvolvimento de perspectivas críticas acerca dos temas abordados. Mesmo assim, constatou-se que o desenvolvimento de práticas de ensino de Língua Portuguesa pautadas nos letramentos sociais e críticos com jovens que vivenciaram conflitos com a lei pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos e capacidades ligadas à escrita, embora tenham-se alcançado resultados limitados com relação à eventual aprovação no exame, tendo em vista as desigualdades educativas e as exclusões culturais que afetam a classe popular, somadas ao atual desenho excludente da prova de redação do ENEM.
BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR: UM TRABALHO DE ANÁLISE LINGUÍSTICA PELO OLHAR DA SEMÂNTICA DA ENUNCIAÇÃO
Authors: Dalmaschio Luciani , Coelho dos Santos Júlio César
Published: May 2024

Este trabalho tem como recorte de análise um documento de caráter normativo parametrizador da educação brasileira, a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC), cuja sustentação teórica está alicerçada, conforme o próprio documento, em uma perspectiva enunciativo-discursiva da linguagem. Com efeito, esta pesquisa pretende verificar como esse pressuposto teórico é sustentado pela BNCC. Desse modo, na esteira do que é proposto pela Base Nacional, este trabalho problematiza em que medida o viés enunciativo apresentado contribui para a organização sistematizada das ações pedagógicas, nos estudos de Língua, considerando que, conforme se apresenta um conceito, toda a prática a posteriori deve estar correlacionada aos fundamentos que tal definição estabelece. Para tanto, esta análise se ancora nos pressupostos teóricos estabelecidos pela Semântica da Enunciação, mas realiza, também, um olhar panorâmico sobre distintas teorias enunciativas, a fim de validar a tese de que a BNCC realiza um entrecruzamento entre tais teorias, não assumindo, portanto, um olhar uniforme sobre a ideia de Enunciação. Uma vez apresentada essa validação, como resultado das análises realizadas, chegamos ao entendimento de que a perspectiva enunciativa é apresentada de forma difusa e assistemática na BNCC. À vista disso, é desenvolvida uma proposta de transposição didática de atividades de análise linguística, orientada por pressupostos da Semântica da Enunciação, com o objetivo de sistematizar procedimentos teórico-prático-metodológicos que sustentem uma dinâmica semântico-enunciativa do trabalho pedagógico.
Palavras-chave: Base Nacional Comum Curricular. Semântica da Enunciação. Formação Nominal. Transposição didática. Ensino.
TRATAMENTO DOS SUBSTANTIVOS NAS ATIVIDADES PROPOSTAS EM UM LIVRO DIDÁDICO DE LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA DO NOVO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Lopes Gustavo Henrique Viana , De Souza Serafim Mônica
Published: May 2024

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar atividades de um livro didático que envolvam o ensino dos substantivos. Investigou-se em que medida as atividades se associam aos documentos oficiais que orientam a prática docente no Brasil, como os PCN (1998) e a BNCC (2018), e aos estudos linguísticos contemporâneos, sobretudo os de base funcionalista, centrados no uso (NEVES, 2018). Com a análise, é possível averiguar se o material contribui para implementação do Novo Ensino Médio, que deve formar cidadãos efetivamente atuantes, e se contribui para a promoção de um ensino de língua eficaz e significativo. Foi analisado o livro Se liga nas linguagens: português, disponibilizado pelo PNLD 2020. Com as análises, percebeu-se que o material apresenta atividades produtivas e contextualizadas. No entanto, há, ainda, a necessidade de se promoverem mais momentos de reflexão e de aprofundamento de ideias importantes para o desenvolvimento de uma consciência linguística mais aguçada, como o papel das classes gramaticais no texto e a variação linguística.
PROPOSTAS PARA O ENSINO DA DISTINÇÃO ASPECTUAL DOS TEMPOS PRETÉRITOS DO PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Azevedo de Souza Érica
Published: May 2024

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar duas sequências didáticas para o ensino de tempo gramatical e aspecto, sobretudo, das formas do pretérito do indicativo do português – pretérito perfeito, pretérito imperfeito e pretérito mais-que-perfeito. As reflexões apresentadas têm como base a perspectiva da Semântica Formal e apresenta noções de aspecto gramatical (Klein, 1994) e de aspecto lexical (Vendler, 1967). As atividades propostas foram baseadas na metodologia da aprendizagem linguística ativa, conforme se vê em Pilati (2017). As sequências didáticas, apresentadas em forma de oficinas, buscaram contribuir não só para uma reflexão linguística em torno da flexão aspectual, mas também para uma compreensão da organização temporal dos eventos ocasionada pelo aspecto. Para atingir essas reflexões, foi proposto um entendimento semântico da distinção entre perfeito e imperfeito para além da oposição concluído versus não concluído e, em seguida, uma reflexão acerca do significado de anterioridade expresso pelo pretérito mais-que-perfeito.
Decolonizar as diretrizes curriculares e educacionais: repensando o ensino de Língua Portuguesa como Segunda Língua para pessoas surdas
Authors: Barros Adriana , Muniz Valéria , Ramos Danielle
Published: May 2024

Neste artigo, trazemos à discussão limites e possibilidades enfrentadas pela comunidade surda, em virtude dos modos de implementação de políticas linguísticas já existentes, como formação de professores em língua portuguesa escrita como segunda língua, inserção da Libras como disciplina e as questões curriculares a elas ligadas. Como aporte teórico, recorremos aos conceitos de cidadania linguística e de colonialidade, por oferecerem uma crítica profunda às estruturas de poder e conhecimento herdadas do colonialismo, ao desafiar narrativas dominantes e propor uma reavaliação das práticas pedagógicas e políticas linguísticas. No percurso metodológico adotado, refletimos sobre a urgência de práticas decoloniais em prol da formação de cidadãos críticos, que tenham a sua cidadania linguística reconhecida, bem como a formulação de currículos de língua portuguesa na perspectiva de segunda língua, a fim de contribuir para a construção de espaços de aprendizagem mais democráticos. Como encaminhamento e a fim de contribuir com práticas educativas para alunos surdos do ensino superior, apresentamos um relato de experiência vinculado às propostas apresentadas para a formação de professores surdos, nas quais a visão decolonial, a expansão do conhecimento de mundo e dos sentidos a este atribuídos pelos discentes são os elementos centrais, em aulas que se desejam interculturais.
OUTCOMES OF REVISION TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY AFTER UNICOMPARTMENTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY AND PERIARTICULAR OSTEOTOMY
Authors: Hancock Doug , Leary Jess , Kejriwal Ritwik
Published: May 2024

Introduction

This study assessed outcomes of total knee joint replacements (TKJR) in patients who had undergone previous periarticular osteotomy compared with unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR). Establishing a difference in the results of total knee joint replacements following these operations may be an important consideration in the decision-making and patient counselling around osteotomy versus UKR for the management of single-compartment osteoarthritis.

Method

Using data from the New Zealand Joint Registry, we identified 1,895 total knee joint replacements with prior osteotomy and 1,391 with prior UKR. Revision rates and patient-reported outcomes, as measured by the Oxford Knee Score (OKS), between these two groups were compared. Adjusted hazard ratios were also calculated to compare the groups.

Results

The revision rate for total knee joint replacement following osteotomy was significantly lower than TKJR following UKR (0.88 per 100 component years versus 1.38 per 100 component years, respectively). Adjusted hazard ratio calculations found that those with TKJR with prior UKR had more than double the risk of requiring revision than those with prior osteotomy. Additionally, there was a statistically significant difference in the mean adjusted OKS scores between the two groups, with improved outcomes in the group with prior osteotomy.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that total knee joint replacement following periarticular osteotomy have a lower risk of revision and improved OKS when compared to those with prior UKR. Previous studies assessing New Zealand Joint Registry have not found a statistically significant difference between the two groups however, these results are no longer in keeping with more contemporary literature. Our study confirms the New Zealand population to be comparable with international studies with TKJR after osteotomy performing significantly better compared with prior UKR.
THE INFLUENCE OF BEARING SURFACE ON PERIPROSTHETIC JOINT INFECTION IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY
Authors: Owen David
Published: May 2024

Background

Increasing evidence suggests a link between the bearing surface used in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and the occurrence of infection. It is postulated that polyethylene has immunomodulatory effects and may influence bacterial function and survival, thereby impacting the development of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). This study aimed to investigate the association between polyethylene type and revision surgery for PJI in THA using data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR). We hypothesized that the use of XLPE would demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in revision rates due to PJI compared to N-XLPE.

Methods

Data from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) spanning September 1, 1999, to December 31, 2021, were used to compare the infection revision rates between THA using N-XLPE and XLPE. We calculated the Cumulative Percentage Revision rate (CPR) and Hazard Ratio (HR) while controlling for factors like age, sex, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists’ (ASA) grade, and head size.

Results

From the total 361,083 primary THAs, 26,827 used N-XLPE and 334,256 used XLPE. Excluding data from the first 6 months post-surgery, 220 revisions occurred in the N-XLPE group and 1,055 in the XLPE group for PJI. The HR for infection revision was significantly higher in N-XLPE compared to XLPE, at 1.64 (95% CI, 1.41–1.90, p<0.001).

Conclusions

This analysis provides evidence of an association between N-XLPE and revision for infection in THA. We suspect that polyethylene wear particles contribute to the susceptibility of THA to PJI, resulting in a significantly higher risk of revision for infection in N-XLPE hips compared to those with XLPE.

Level of Evidence

Therapeutic Level III.
CAN YOU PREDICT WHICH ‘ROUTINE’ CLOSED ANKLE FRACTURES REQUIRE EXTERNAL FIXATION RATHER THAN CAST IMMOBILIZATION? A RETROSPECTIVE MATCHED COHORT STUDY
Authors: Lynch-Larkin Jessica , Powell Andrew
Published: May 2024

Introduction

A subset of patients in cast awaiting fixation of ankle fractures require conversion to delayed external fixation (dEF). We aimed to evaluate the effect of delayed versus planned external fixation (pEF), then identify objective characteristics contributing to need for conversion.

Method

We extracted data from our booking system to identify all ankle external fixation procedures between 2010 to 2022. Exclusions included open fractures, the skeletally immature, and pilon or talus fractures. Fractures were classified using the AO/OTA classification, then a matched cohort was identified based on fracture classification. We compared the planned, delayed and matched cohorts for demographics, posterior malleolar fragment (PMF) ratio, and degree of displacement at presentation.

Results

We identified 25 pEF, 42 dEF, and 67 matched patients. Ankles with dEF had a 3.8 day longer time to ORIF from presentation than those who had pEF, and had an infection rate of 9.5%, compared to 4% in the pEF group. Two patients in the dEF group required further operative intervention. There were no infections or reoperations required in the pEF or matched groups. The dEF group were more likely to have ≥2 reductions (OR 4.13), a PMF ratio of >0.23 (OR 5.07), and have increased displacement at time of injury on lateral (32% vs 19%) and AP (62% vs 36%) radiographs.

Discussion

Our retrospective study highlights the longer time to operation and increased infection rates of patients who do not get timely external fixation. We propose a series of objective parameters that predict failure of cast treatment and guide the surgeon to consider planned external fixation in some ankle
SURGICAL OUTCOMES IN INTRAMEDULLARY FIBULAR NAIL FIXATION COMPARED WITH PLATE FIXATION OF DISTAL FIBULAR FRACTURES
Authors: Mooya Shamunyama , Berney Mark , Cleary May , Rowan Fiachra
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The condition of the soft tissues surrounding an ankle fracture influences timing and treatment of injuries. Conventional treatment used an open approach to facilitate anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation. Intramedullary devices for fibular fractures provide a safe alternative in patients in which the condition of the soft tissue envelope or the patient's co-morbidities may benefit from a less invasive approach. We compared outcomes for patients treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with those undergoing treatment with fibular nails (FN)

Methods

13 consecutive patients treated with fibular nails (FN) were compared with 13 age-matched patients that underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). All patients were followed to union. Study outcomes were time from admission to surgery, length of stay, wound failure, implant failure, revision surgery, OMAS and SF-36

Results

There was no difference in age or sex distribution between groups. There was no difference in OMAS at 1 year (83 ± 9 in FN group; 80± 21 in ORIF group) and SF-36 (94 ± 11 and 90 ± 20). There were 2 implant failures in the ORIF group and none in the FN group. There was one wound failure in the ORIF group and none in the FN group. Patients treated with FN had a shorter time to surgery (1 day ± 24 hours vs 3 days ± 24 hours) and shorter length of stay (1 day ± 24 hours vs 4 days ± 96 hours)

Conclusion

FN is a safe method to treat patients with displaced distal fibular fractures that may have a poor soft tissue envelope and risk factors for wound healing. FN reduces the time to surgery and overall length of stay compared with similar patients treated with conventional ORIF.
GELATIN AND VEGF INCORPORATION IN PVA-TYRAMINE HYDROGELS AS A STRATEGY TO ENHANCE VASCULAR INFILTRATION AND TREAT AVASCULAR NECROSIS
Authors: Longoni A. , Arnold S. , Major G. S. , Jiang A. , Wise L.M. , Hooper G.J. , Kieser D. , Woodfield T.B.F. , Rnjak-Kovacina J. , Lim K.S.
Published: May 2024

INTRODUCTION

Stimulation of angiogenesis via the delivery of growth factors (GFs) like vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a promising strategy for the treatment of avascular necrosis (AVN). Tyraminated poly-vinyl-alcohol hydrogels (PVA-Tyr), which have the ability to covalently incorporate GFs, were proposed as a platform for the controlled delivery of therapeutic levels VEGF to the necrotic areas[1]. Nevertheless, PVA hydrophilicity and bioinertness limits its integration with the host tissues. The aim of this study was to investigated the effectiveness of incorporating gelatin, an FDA-approved, non-immunogeneic biomaterial with biological recognition sites, as a strategy to facilitate blood vessels invasion of PVA-Tyr hydrogels and to restore the vascular supply to necrotic tissues.

METHODS

Progressively higher gelatin concentrations (0.01–5wt%) were incorporated in the PVA-Tyr network. Hydrogel physico-chemical properties and endothelial cell attachment were evaluated. Afterwards, the capability of the released VEGF and gelatin to promote vascularization was evaluated via chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. VEGF-loaded PVA-Tyr hydrogels with or without gelatin (n=7) were implanted in a subcutaneous mouse model for 3 weeks. Vascularization (CD31+ cells) and cell infiltration (H&E) were evaluated. Finally, AVN was induced in 6 weeks old male piglets as previously described [2]. A transphyseal hole (3mm) was drilled and PVA-Tyr hydrogels with 1% gelatin were delivered in the defects. Piglets were euthanized after 4 weeks and microCT analysis was performed.

RESULTS

The incorporation of 1% gelatin significantly enhanced cell attachment without compromising hydrogels physical properties, degradation time, VEGF retention and release. Thus, this gelatin concentration was selected for further analysis. Additionally, the covalent incorporation of VEGF or gelatin to the PVA-Tyr network does not hamper their bioactivity, as both still promoted neo-angiogenesis in a CAM assay. Following subcutaneous implantation, the presence of gelatin did not increase the cellular infiltration in the PVA-Tyr hydrogels. Nevertheless, higher vascular infiltration was observed in the groups where either gelatin or VEGF were included. Additionally, preliminary microCT results indicated that the delivery of PVA-Tyr hydrogels containing 1% gelatin in an AVN model was effective in preventing the necrosis-associated resorption of the bone.

DISCUSSION & CONCLUSIONS

These results indicated that the presence of either gelatin or VEGF was sufficient to promote vascular infiltration. Additionally, preliminary results suggested the suitability of the developed hydrogels to treat AVN.