bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep in chronic respiratory disease: COPD and hypoventilation disorders
Authors: McNicholas Walter T. , Hansson Daniel , Schiza Sofia , Grote Ludger
Published: September 2019

COPD and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are highly prevalent and different clinical COPD phenotypes that influence the likelihood of comorbid OSA. The increased lung volumes and low body mass index (BMI) associated with the predominant emphysema phenotype protects against OSA whereas the peripheral oedema and higher BMI often associated with the predominant chronic bronchitis phenotype promote OSA. The diagnosis of OSA in COPD patients requires clinical awareness and screening questionnaires which may help identify patients for overnight study. Management of OSA-COPD overlap patients differs from COPD alone and the survival of overlap patients treated with nocturnal positive airway pressure is superior to those untreated. Sleep-related hypoventilation is common in neuromuscular disease and skeletal disorders because of the effects of normal sleep on ventilation and additional challenges imposed by the underlying disorders. Hypoventilation is first seen during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep before progressing to involve non-REM sleep and wakefulness. Clinical presentation is nonspecific and daytime respiratory function measures poorly predict nocturnal hypoventilation. Monitoring of respiration and carbon dioxide levels during sleep should be incorporated in the evaluation of high-risk patient populations and treatment with noninvasive ventilation improves outcomes.
Particulate matter and the airway epithelium: the special case of the underground?
Authors: Cooper Dawn M. , Loxham Matthew
Published: September 2019

Airborne particulate matter (PM) is a leading driver of premature mortality and cardiopulmonary morbidity, associated with exacerbations of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer. The airway epithelium, as the principal site of PM deposition, is critical to the effects of, and initial response to, PM. A key mechanism by which PM exerts its effects is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing antioxidant and inflammatory responses in exposed epithelial cells. However, much of what is known about the effects of PM is based on research using particulates from urban air. PM from underground railways is compositionally highly distinct from urban PM, being rich in metals associated with wheel, rail and brake wear and electrical arcing and component wear, which endows underground PM with potent ROS-generating capacity. In addition, underground PM appears to be more inflammogenic than urban PM in epithelial cells, but there is a lack of research into effects on exposed individuals, especially those with underlying health conditions. This review summarises current knowledge about the effects of PM on the airway epithelium, how the effects of underground PM may be different to urban PM and the potential health consequences and mitigation strategies for commuters and workers in underground railways.
ERS Presidential Summit 2018: multimorbidities and the ageing population
Authors: Gaga Mina , Powell Pippa , Almagro Marta , Tsiligianni Ioanna , Loukides Stelios , Roca Josep , Cullen Matthew , Simonds Anita K. , Ward Brian , Saraiva Isabel , Troosters Thierry , Robalo Cordeiro Carlos
Published: September 2019

As the average age of the population increases, so will the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases and associated multimorbidity. This will result in a more complex clinical environment. Part of the solution will be to allow patients to be co-creators in the design of their care. It will also require clinicians to shift in their current approaches to care, step out of the disease- or pathology-oriented approach and embrace new ideas. In an effort to prepare the respiratory community for the challenge, we reflect on concepts to empower patientsviamultidisciplinary systems, new technologies and transition from end-of-life care to advanced care planning.
Developing a system dynamics model for prediction of phosphorus in facultative stabilization ponds
Authors: Shahsavani Ebrahim , Ebrahimi Ali Asghar , Ehrampoush Mohammad Hassan , Maleknia Houshang , Eslami Hadi , Samaei Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2019

System dynamics is considered as a computer-aided approach to policy analysis and design. It includes the response and reaction of a system to external shocks. In the present research, following the sampling and testing phases, a system dynamics model was developed for modeling of phosphorus in facultative stabilization ponds. First, the scheme of soluble reactive phosphorous stock, its specifications and parameters were determined and created in the VenSim PLE 7.1 software. Then, mathematical relations were determined for each process. Finally, the model was calibrated and verified based on the data from the Yazd facultative ponds, Iran. Sensitivity analysis showed that the most important factors affecting phosphorus concentration in the ponds are the phosphorus settling rate, losses caused by algal respiration and excretion, while the losses caused by herbivorous zooplanktons, hydrolysis rate of inorganic carbon, and ratio of phosphorus to chlorophyll-a had the least importance. Results showed that, algal growth rate and phosphorus settling rate were important factors in phosphorus removal. Hence, with appropriate retention time in the pond, it can be managed more properly. The ratio of phosphorus to algae had less importance in the model. The ratio of carbon to phosphorus and rate of respiration of carnivorous zooplanktons did not affect the phosphorus concentration. It is recommended that this model can be used for pond management and overall assessment of facultative ponds.
Evaluating temperature-induced regulation of a ROSE-like RNA-thermometer for heterologous rhamnolipid production in Pseudomonas putida KT2440
Authors: Noll Philipp , Treinen Chantal , Müller Sven , Senkalla Sabine , Lilge Lars , Hausmann Rudolf , Henkel Marius
Published: September 2019

The microbial production of rhamnolipids has been in the focus of research for the last decades. Today, mainly heterologous production systems are targeted due to the advantage of non-pathogenic hosts as well as uncoupling from complex quorum sensing regulatory networks compared to their natural producerPseudomonas aeruginosa. In the recent past, the presence and function of a ROSE-like RNA-thermometer located in the 5′UTR of the rhamnosyltransferase genesrhlABhas been reported in wild typeP. aeruginosa. In this study, the temperature-induced regulation of this native RNA-thermometer for heterologous rhamnolipid production was evaluated and its potential application for process control is discussed. For this purpose, the non-pathogenic production hostP. putidaKT2440 containing therhlABgenes with the nativeP. aeruginosa5′-UTR region was used. The system was evaluated and characterized regarding the effect of temperature on growth and product formation, as represented by efficiency parameters and yields. Experimental data suggests a major effect of temperature on specific rhamnolipid production rates. With maximum values of 0.23 g/(g h) at 37 °C, this constitutes a more than 60% increase compared to the production rate of 0.14 g/(g h) at the growth optimum of 30 °C. Interestingly however, control experiments unveiled that besides the regulatory effect of the RNA-thermometer, multiple metabolic effects may contribute equally to the observed increase in production rate. As such, this work constitutes an important step towards the utilization of temperature-based process designs and enables the possibility for novel approaches for process control.
High-Dose Chemotherapy Compared With Standard Chemotherapy and Lung Radiation in Ewing Sarcoma With Pulmonary Metastases: Results of the European Ewing Tumour Working Initiative of National Groups, 99 Trial and EWING 2008
Authors: Dirksen Uta , Brennan Bernadette , Le Deley Marie-Cécile , Cozic Nathalie , van den Berg Henk , Bhadri Vivek , Brichard Bénédicte , Claude Line , Craft Alan , Amler Susanne , Gaspar Natalie , Gelderblom Hans , Goldsby Robert , Gorlick Richard , Grier Holcombe E. , Guinbretiere Jean-Marc , Hauser Peter , Hjorth Lars , Janeway Katherine , Juergens Heribert , Judson Ian , Krailo Mark , Kruseova Jarmila , Kuehne Thomas , Ladenstein Ruth , Lervat Cyril , Lessnick Stephen L. , Lewis Ian , Linassier Claude , Marec-Berard Perrine , Marina Neyssa , Morland Bruce , Pacquement Hélène , Paulussen Michael , Randall R. Lor , Ranft Andreas , Le Teuff Gwénaël , Wheatley Keith , Whelan Jeremy , Womer Richard , Oberlin Odile , Hawkins Douglas S. ,   on behalf of the Euro-E.W.I.N.G. 99 and Ewing 2008 Investigators
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

The R2Pulm trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of busulfan-melphalan high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem-cell rescue (BuMel) without whole-lung irradiation (WLI) on event-free survival (main end point) and overall survival, compared with standard chemotherapy with WLI in Ewing sarcoma (ES) presenting with pulmonary and/or pleural metastases.

METHODS

From 2000 to 2015, we enrolled patients younger than 50 years of age with newly diagnosed ES and with only pulmonary or pleural metastases. Patients received chemotherapy with six courses of vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, and etoposide (VIDE) and one course of vincristine, dactinomycin, and ifosfamide (VAI) before either BuMel or seven courses of VAI and WLI (VAI plus WLI) by randomized assignment. The analysis was conducted as intention to treat. The estimates of the hazard ratio (HR), 95% CI, and P value were corrected for the three previous interim analyses by the inverse normal method.

RESULTS

Of 543 potentially eligible patients, 287 were randomly assigned to VAI plus WLI (n = 143) or BuMel (n = 144). Selected patients requiring radiotherapy to an axial primary site were excluded from randomization to avoid excess organ toxicity from interaction between radiotherapy and busulfan. Median follow-up was 8.1 years. We did not observe any significant difference in survival outcomes between treatment groups. Event-free survival was 50.6% versus 56.6% at 3 years and 43.1% versus 52.9% at 8 years, for VAI plus WLI and BuMel patients, respectively, resulting in an HR of 0.79 (95% CI, 0.56 to 1.10; P = .16). For overall survival, the HR was 1.00 (95% CI, 0.70 to 1.44; P = .99). Four patients died as a result of BuMel-related toxicity, and none died after VAI plus WLI. Significantly more patients in the BuMel arm experienced severe acute toxicities than in the VAI plus WLI arm.

CONCLUSION

In ES with pulmonary or pleural metastases, there is no clear benefit from BuMel compared with conventional VAI plus WLI.
Insights into pancreatic β cell energy metabolism using rodent β cell models
Authors: Morten Karl J , Potter Michelle , Badder Luned , Sivathondan Pamela , Dragovic Rebecca , Neumann Abigale , Gavin James , Shrestha Roshan , Reilly Svetlana , Phadwal Kanchan , Lodge Tiffany A. , Borzychowski Angela , Cookson Sharon , Mitchell Corey , Morovat Alireza , Simon Anna Katharina , Uusimaa Johanna , Hynes James , Poulton Joanna
Published: September 2019

Background:Mitochondrial diabetes is primarily caused by β-cell failure, a cell type whose unique properties are important in pathogenesis.

Methods:By reducing glucose, we induced energetic stress in two rodent β-cell models to assess effects on cellular function.

Results:Culturing rat insulin-secreting INS-1 cells in low glucose conditions caused a rapid reduction in whole cell respiration, associated with elevated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, and an altered glucose-stimulated insulin secretion profile. Prolonged exposure to reduced glucose directly impaired mitochondrial function and reduced autophagy.

Conclusions:Insulinoma cell lines have a very different bioenergetic profile to many other cell lines and provide a useful model of mechanisms affecting β-cell mitochondrial function.
Cost-effectiveness of reflex laboratory-based cryptococcal antigen screening for the prevention and treatment of cryptococcal meningitis in Botswana
Authors: Tenforde Mark W. , Muthoga Charles , Callaghan Andrew , Ponatshego Ponego , Ngidi Julia , Mine Madisa , Jordan Alexander , Chiller Tom , Larson Bruce A. , Jarvis Joseph N.
Published: September 2019

Background: Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) screening for antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve adults with advanced HIV/AIDS can reduce the incidence of cryptococcal meningitis (CM) and all-cause mortality. We modeled the cost-effectiveness of laboratory-based “reflex” CrAg screening for ART-naïve CrAg-positive patients with CD4<100 cells/µL (those currently targeted in guidelines) and ART-experienced CrAg-positive patients with CD4<100 cells/µL (who make up an increasingly large proportion of individuals with advanced HIV/AIDS).

Methods: A decision analytic model was developed to evaluate CrAg screening and treatment based on local CD4 count and CrAg prevalence data, and realistic assumptions regarding programmatic implementation of the CrAg screening intervention. We modeled the number of CrAg tests performed, the number of CrAg positives stratified by prior ART experience, the proportion of patients started on pre-emptive antifungal treatment, and the number of incident CM cases and CM-related deaths. Screening and treatment costs were evaluated, and cost per death or disability-adjusted life year (DALY) averted estimated.

Results: We estimated that of 650,000 samples undergoing CD4 testing annually in Botswana, 16,364 would have a CD4<100 cells/µL and receive a CrAg test, with 70% of patients ART-experienced at the time of screening. Under base model assumptions, CrAg screening and pre-emptive treatment restricted to ART-naïve patients with a CD4<100 cells/µL prevented 20% (39/196) of CM-related deaths in patients undergoing CD4 testing at a cost of US$2 per DALY averted. Expansion of preemptive treatment to include ART-experienced patients with a CD4<100 cells/µL resulted in 55 additional deaths averted (a total of 48% [94/196]) and was cost-saving compared to no screening. Findings were robust across a range of model assumptions.

Conclusions: Reflex laboratory-based CrAg screening for patients with CD4<100 cells/µL is a cost-effective strategy in Botswana, even in the context of a relatively low proportion of advanced HIV/AIDS in the overall HIV-infected population, the majority of whom are ART-experienced.
Determination of Wastewater Accidental Contamination by Antibiotics
Authors: Алексеев В. , Alekseev V. , Усольцев В. , Usol'cev V. , Юран С. , Yuran S. , Шульмин Д. , Shul'min D.
Published: September 2019

The way for solving the task of enterprises sewage treatment from emergency discharge of antibiotics is offered. Emergency discharge of antibiotics into sewage can arise at enterprises of chemical-pharmaceutical and processing industry. Emergency discharge happens in a short period that gives the chance for its detection and utilization into a settler. Standards for emergency discharges have been presented. The main form for detection of antibiotics in water, their kind and concentration identification is analysis of flowing sewage. This analysis includes two elements: obtaining information on the actual existence of antibiotics (their qualitative and quantitative characteristics), and comparison of obtained information with available indicators for the purpose of definition of their compliance. The control procedure includes operations of measurement and identification. Determination of numerical values for indicators of quantitative characteristics is based on information obtained when using technical means of measurements. For the task solution have been considered characteristics of various methods for detection of antibiotics in sewage. Classification of methods according to quantitative and qualitative indicators of sewage on antibiotics existence has been carried out. Have been allocated methods providing the real time control, among which a specific place is occupied by optical-electronic control methods with use of laser radiation. For implementation of real spectroscopy it is offered to use laser radiation with radiation wavelength corresponding to antibiotic range extremes. In such a case, a spectral characteristic of an antibiotic, which can appear in emergency discharge of enterprise’s sewer, is a priori known. For verification of this technical offer an experiment was set up, which had showed a possibility to use a direct method of spectroscopy — translucency on laser radiation’s chosen wavelength for definition of emergency discharge of antibiotic into enterprise’s sewage.
SYNTHESIS OF Cu2ZnSnS4 BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING METHOD FOR THERMOELECTRIC APPLICATION
Authors: Long Bui Duc , Binh Duong Ngoc , Thang Le Hong , Bang Le Thi , Said Suhana Binti Mohd
Published: September 2019

Quaternary chalcogenide Cu2ZnSnS4 is a potential candidate for thermoelectric (TE) application due to a number of advantages including containing only non-toxic and abundant elements, high Seebeck coefficient and low thermal conductivity. In this study, Cu2ZnSnS4 was synthesized using mechanical alloying method from Cu, Zn, Sn and S powders. In order to study the effect of milling duration on the formation of Cu2ZnSnS4, different milling duration of 2, 4, 12 and 16 h were investigated. As the results, Cu2ZnSnS4 was started to form after milling for 12 h. The formation of Cu2ZnSnS4 was completed after 16 h of milling. In addition, Cu2ZnSnS4 nanoparticles were obtained after 16 h of milling with the distribution mostly in the range of 50 - 60 nm.
Contents
Authors: AMS Editorial
Published: September 2019

Research papers
Neuroprotective Effects of Antidotes in Soman-Poisoned Rats
Authors: Kassa Jiří , Koupilová Marie
Published: September 2019

1. The neuroprotective effects of antidotes (atropine, obidoxime/atropine mixture, HI-6/atropine mixture) on rats poisoned with soman at a sublethal dose (48 μg/kg i.m.; 60% of LD50value) were studied. The neurotoxicity was monitored using a functional observational battery (FOB) and an automatic measurement of motor activity. The neurotoxicity of soman was monitored at 24h and 7d following soman poisoning. 2. The results indicate that atropine alone and the oxime HI-6 in combination with atropine seem to be effective antidotal treatment for the elimination of soman-induced neurotoxicity in the case of sublethal poisonings. 3. On the other hand, the combination of obidoxime with atropine appears to be practically ineffective in diminishing neurotoxic soman-induced symptoms. 4. Dealing with neuroprotective effects of antidotes, the oxime HI-6 in combination with atropine seems to be more suitable antidotal mixture than obidoxime in combination with atropine even in the case of sublethal poisoning with nerve agents.
Changes in sperm quality and testicular structure in a rat model of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Nak-ung Sureeporn , Nakprom Nutnicha , Maneengam Chonikan , Nudmamud-Thanoi Sutisa , Thanoi Samur
Published: September 2019

Background

Chronic hyperglycemia is a characteristic of diabetes mellitus (DM). Long-lasting hyperglycemia can generate oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species. The effect of this condition on sperm quality and spermatogenesis leads to male infertility and reproductive dysfunction.

Objectives

To investigate changes in sperm quality, morphology of testicular structure, and stage of development of seminiferous tubules in a streptozotocin (STZ)-induced rat model of type 1 DM.

Methods

We divided 15 male Sprague Dawley rats into 2 groups. DM was induced in 7 rats using STZ (60 mg/kg intraperitoneally), while the other 8 were treated with citrate buffer as a vehicle control group. Rat semen was collected for quality measurements including motility, normal morphology, and concentration. Morphological changes in testicular structure and stage of development of seminiferous tubules were investigated by histology with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining.

Results

Significant decreases in all parameters of sperm quality and testicular weight were found in rats with induced DM. Moreover, abnormal morphology of seminiferous tubules including separation of the germinal epithelium, vacuolization, luminal sloughing of germ cells, and tubular atrophy was increased significantly in these rats, while the proportion of their seminiferous tubules at an early stage of development was significantly higher, but was dramatically decreased in the late stage of development when compared with that in vehicle-treated control rats.

Conclusions

DM has adverse effects on sperm quality, testicular structure, and development of seminiferous tubules. These findings may reflect the male infertility and reproductive dysfunction seen in patients with type 1 DM.
Neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and polysialic acid–NCAM expression in developing ICR mice
Authors: Turbpaiboon Chairat , Siripan Wongsakorn , Nimnoi Pornkanok , Sreekanth Gopinathan Pillai , Wiriyarat Witthawat , Tassaneetrithep Boonrat , Chompoopong Supin
Published: September 2019

Background

Coexpression of polysialic acid (PSA)–neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) with immature neuronal markers is used to indicate the developmental state of neurons generated in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of adult hippocampus. PSA–NCAM is highly expressed throughout the embryonic and juvenile mammalian brain, but heavily downregulated in adult brain.

Objective

To visualize the expression profiles of NCAM/PSA–NCAM in the dentate SGZ of the hippocampus in developing ICR mice.

Methods

Cellular distribution, expression, and developmental changes of NCAM/PSA–NCAM were studied in ICR mice at embryonic age 17 days (E17); and similarly at postnatal ages P3, P5, and P7. The SGZ was studied using NCAM and PSA–NCAM immunoreactive staining with or without hematoxylin counterstaining. Western blotting was used to confirm protein expression levels.

Results

NCAM expression was localized to the surface of neurons and glia and was higher in postnatal mice than it was in embryonic mice. PSA–NCAM was found in cytoplasm and membrane of neural cells, more densely staining in the dentate SGZ at P7, but no staining found at E17. Western blotting of brain tissues also showed expression of both PSA–NCAM and NCAM increased significantly at P5 and P7 compared with expression at P3.

Conclusions

Progressive increase in NCAM expression occurs in the SGZ during embryogenic and postnatal development. PSA–NCAM was not expressed in embryonic ICR mice, but was increased after birth and highly localized in the SGZ at P7. This NCAM expression pattern in the developing brain indicating structural plasticity and neurogenesis may be useful for study of brain repair.
Approximate method for solving strongly fractional nonlinear problems using fuzzy transform
Authors: Firozja Mohamad Adabitabar , Agheli Bahram
Published: September 2019

In this research work, we have shown that it is possible to use fuzzy transform method (FTM) for approximate solution of strongly fractional nonlinear problems. In numerical methods, in order to approximate a function on a particular interval, only a restricted number of points are employed. However, what makes the F-transform preferable to other methods is that it makes use of all points in this interval. The comparison of the time used in minutes is given for two derivatives Caputo derivative and Caputo-Fabrizio derivative.
Unsteady-state operation of reactors with fixed catalyst beds
Authors: Zagoruiko Andrey N. , Bobrova Ludmilla , Vernikovskaya Nadezhda , Zazhigalov Sergey
Published: September 2019

The review is dedicated to the research and development work made in USSR and Russia in the area of catalytic processes with artificially created unsteady-state conditions. The paper discusses the reverse-flow operation of catalytic reactor, forced feed composition cycling and sorption enhancement of catalytic reactions. It is demonstrated that under proper choice of process concept and control strategy these approaches may result in creation of new technologies with improved efficiency, lower capital and operation costs, higher process stability under variation of process conditions and increased target product yield in thermodynamically limited reaction and complex reaction systems.
Awareness of the effect of fluctuations in female sex hormone levels on periodontal health among obstetricians
Authors: Rashidi Maybodi Fahimeh , Jalali Pandary Mehrdad , Rahaei Zohreh , Nikniaz Shabnam
Published: September 2019

Background. Changes in women’s hormonal levels in different periods of their lives, such as puberty, menses, pregnancy, menopause and oral contraceptive use, affect periodontal health. Periodontal status has been associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Subsequently, it is important for obstetricians to be aware of the effects of hormones on women's oral health. The current study assessed obstetricians’ awareness about the effect of female sex hormones on periodontium in Yazd in 2016. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered, structured questionnaire. Prior to the study, a questionnaire was pre-tested and validated (ICC=0.89). The questionnaire was randomly distributed among 40 obstetricians in Yazd. Data were analyzed with chi-squared test, t-test and ANOVA and Spearman's correlation coefficient, using SPSS 18. Results. There were no significant relationships between awareness level and the age (P=-0.252), years of practice and experience (P=-0.030) or practicing in public medical centers (P=0.121). Conclusion. As women have special periodontal health care considerations due to fluctuations in the levels of their sex hormones, this study suggests that promotion of oral health awareness among obstetricians is necessary to improve women's overall health, especially during pregnancy.
Long-term results of immediate implantation in the maxillary molar area with simultaneous sinus floor elevation by the crestal approach and early loading protocol: A retrospective case series follow-up study
Authors: Ayubian Markazi Nader , Akhondi Nasrin , Montazeri Mostafa
Published: September 2019

Background. This study aimed to determine the long-term survival rate of implants placed in fresh sockets of extracted maxillary molars with simultaneous sinus floor elevation and early loading protocol. Methods. Nineteen maxillary molar teeth were extracted by tooth sectioning, and the sockets were debrided. Drilling for implant placement (Either Xive, Dentsply or Axiom, Antogyr) was terminated 1 mm short of the sinus floor with a pilot drill. Then, according to Summers’ technique, elevation of the Schneiderian membrane and bone grafting were performed. The implants were placed according to non-submerged procedure after sinus grafting and preparation of the desired osteotomy site. Results. The implants had been in function up to 5 years and the mean time of loading was 33.12 months. Analysis of crestal bone loss records indicated a mean of -0.054±0.56 mm of bone resorption (with a range of –0.86 to +0.90 mm). The amount of crestal bone resorption on the mesial and distal surfaces of implants was -0.02±0.559 mm and -0.09±0.59 mm, respectively (P=0.232). Survival rates and success rates were 100% and 95.45%, respectively. Conclusion. Immediate implant placement in the posterior maxilla with simultaneous sinus floor augmentation and early loading was a reliable and predictable approach.
Effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on concentrations of salivary biomarkers in patients with chronic periodontitis: A clinical trial
Authors: Jabali Sahar , Mesgari Abbasi Mehran , Abdollahi Amir Ardalan
Published: September 2019

Background. Certain salivary biomarkers that are considered unique in relation to the physiological aspects of periodontitis can be helpful in the diagnosis of periodontitis by considering quantitative changes in such biomarkers. This study was undertaken to answer the question to what extent non-surgical periodontal treatment can affect concentrations of salivary biomarkers in patients suffering from chronic periodontitis. Methods. Eighteen patients with generalized moderate-to-severe chronic periodontitis were recruited for this study by considering periodontal parameters of gingival index (GI), probing pocket depths (PPD), clinical attachment levels (CAL) and a number of radiographic parameters. Salivary samples were analyzed at baseline and at one-month interval after non-surgical periodontal treatment consisting of scaling and root planing. Concentrations of salivary biomarkers, including cortisol, immunoglobulin A (Ig A), IL-6, interferon-γ, soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM) and ALP, were determined with the use of an ELISA kit. Data were subjected to statistical analyses using paired t-test, with SPSS 15. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. Mean levels of IgA and interferon-γ decreased significantly after treatment (P<0.05); however, cortisol concentrations increased significantly after treatment. In addition, the decrease in IL-6, sICAM-1 and ALP levels were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion. The results showed that the salivary levels of IgA and interferon-γ decreased and those of cortisol increased significantly subsequent to scaling and root planing.
New Energy Dissipation Mechanisms for Steel Fiber Reinforcement in Ultra High-Performance Concrete
Authors: Scott Dylan A. , Songer Bradford P. , Moser Robert D. , McClelland Zackery B. , Green Brian H. , Weiss Charles A.
Published: September 2019

This research focused on improving ultra high-performance concrete (UHPC) toughness through the addition of annealed plain carbon steel fibers and stainless steel fibers that both exhibit increased ductility and strain hardening compared with conventional steel fibers used for concrete reinforcement. Implementing optimized heat treatments and selecting proper alternative alloys can improve the postyield carrying capacity of UHPCs through plastic deformations, phase transformations, and fiber pullout. This research focused on the flexural response and dynamic penetration resistance of a UHPC known as Cor-Tuf with three different steel fiber types: plain carbon steel, stainless steel that can exhibit phase transformation-induced plasticity, and annealed carbon steel with reduced tensile strength but increased ductility and strain hardening. Annealed carbon steel fibers were able to reduce mass loss by 0.8 % for 5-cm-thick dynamic impact panels. By using a phase-transformable stainless steel, the ultimate flexural strength increased from 32.0 to 42.5 MPa (33 % increase) and the postimpact velocity decreased an average of 31.5 m/s for 2.5 and 5-cm-thick dynamic impact panels. Phase transformations (austenitic to martensitic) were quantified in the stainless steel fibers of postyielded UHPC specimens using a vibrating sample magnetometer. Stainless steel fibers sampled from the postyielded tensile face of a flexural beam increased from 75 to 107 emu/g. The results of the study evidence improvements in tensile properties and toughness that can be accomplished by modifying the stress versus strain response of steel fiber reinforcement and including new energy dissipation mechanisms such as phase transformation.
Effect of Long-Term Aging on Fracture Properties of Virgin and Recycled Asphalt Concrete
Authors: Chen Xuan , Solaimanian Mansour
Published: September 2019

Oxidative aging stiffens asphalt in the pavement, raising brittleness, cracking potential, and deterioration of pavement serviceability. Mechanical testing of long-term aged asphalt concrete in the laboratory has shown elevated stiffness, higher failure load (peak load), and reduced fatigue cracking resistance. Among the laboratory mechanical tests used to evaluate mix fatigue resistance and flexibility is the semicircular bend (SCB) test. This study was conducted to determine how the properties of the long-term aged asphalt mixes compare with those from short-term aged asphalt mixes tested under SCB test. Such comparison is important as a decision needs to be made by mix designers as to what aging level to apply when testing asphalt concrete to evaluate fatigue resistance. The mix variables included air void, binder content, and binder stiffness. The properties that were measured, i.e., the response parameters, included fracture energy, load at failure (peak load), mix stiffness, and flexibility index. A large number of mixes including various aggregates, gradations, and binder contents were included in the study. Results showed that long-term oven aging significantly changed flexibility index, peak load, and stiffness of tested specimens. Sensitivity of the parameters to aging was also evaluated in the context of an aging index and defined as the ratio of the measured property after long-term aging to that after short-term aging. In this respect, the aging index did not change as the binder content changed. However, the aging index was sensitive to variations in air void and binder stiffness.
Biasing Actions by Incentive Valence in an Approach/Avoidance Task
Authors: Hoofs Vincent , Boehler C. Nico , Krebs Ruth M.
Published: September 2019

The present study investigates interactions between incentive valence and action, which mirror well-known valence-action biases in the emotional domain. In three joystick experiments, incentive valence (win/loss) and action type (approach/avoid) were signaled by distinct orthogonal stimulus features. By combining several design aspects, i.e., the use of bi-directional joystick movements, the inclusion of no-incentive baseline trials, and cue-locked versus target-locked valence and action signals, we tried to bridge between paradigms used in the emotional and motivational domain, and to understand previous, partly inconsistent results. In the first task variant (Experiment 1), we observed performance benefits for compatible mappings (win-approach; loss-avoid) relative to incompatible ones (loss-approach; win-avoid) when valence and action signals were target-locked, consistent with a fairly automatic response activation that can benefit or impair task performance. In contrast, cue-locked valence signals led to response facilitation (relative to a no-incentive baseline) more or less independent of actual valence (win/loss) and action type (approach/avoid), which is reminiscent of general facilitation effects of incentive cues across diverse cognitive tasks. Slight design variations did not change this main result pattern, indicating that it was neither driven by the close proximity between target and performance feedback (Experiment 2), nor by mere temporal coincidence of valence and action signals (Experiment 3), but rather by differences between preparatory (cued) and immediate (non-cued) effects of incentive valence. The present study provides novel insights regarding the nature of valence-action biases in the motivational domain and helps to integrate previous, partly inconsistent findings across domains.
Utilização do cateter central de inserção periférica em neonatos: análise da indicação à remoção
Authors: Baggio Maria Aparecida , Cheffer Maycon Hoffmann , Luz Mayara Aparecida Passaura da , Sanches Michelle de Marchi , Berres Rosilene
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: analisar a utilização do cateter central de inserção periférica em neonatos. Métodos: estudo retrospectivo, documental. Para coleta de dados, utilizou-se de instrumento para registro e acompanhamento de cateter central de inserção periférica. Análise realizada por meio de estatísticas descritivas para obtenção de frequências absolutas, relativas, valores mínimos e máximos, desvios-padrão e médias e teste de qui-quadrado para k-proporções para variáveis qualitativas. Resultados: foram analisados 383 registros. O cateter foi indicado, principalmente, para administração de antibioticoterapia (46,5%). O vaso mais acessado foi a veia cefálica (23,5%). A complicação mais incidente foi de progressão (6,8%), com prevalência de remoção por término de tratamento/indicação (25,3%). Conclusão: cateter utilizado, principalmente, para administração de antibioticoterapia; veia cefálica mais acessada, com uso de Fentanil para atenuar dor e desconforto; progressão, complicação mais incidente; e maior índice de remoção por término de tratamento/indicação.
Autoeficácia psicossocial em jovens com Diabetes Mellitus e sua influência no autocuidado
Authors: Nass Evelin Matilde Arcain , Marcon Sonia Silva , Teston Elen Ferraz , Haddad Maria do Carmo Fernandez Lourenço , Reis Pamela dos , Lino Iven Giovanna Trindade
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: identificar a autoeficácia psicossocial em jovens com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 e associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, perfil de saúde e busca por atendimento de saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado com 35 jovens, mediante entrevista audiogravada. Usou-se dois instrumentos: a) roteiro de caracterização sociodemográfica, perfil de saúde e busca por atendimento em saúde; b) Escala de Autoeficácia em Diabetes-Versão Curta. Na análise, utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial - teste Qui-quadrado e Exato de Fisher. Resultados: a totalidade dos jovens apresentou índices satisfatórios de autoeficácia (moderada e alta). Embora sem significância estatística, observou-se a proporção ligeiramente maior de autoeficácia alta em jovens do sexo masculino, maiores de 18 anos, da cor branca, que não trabalham, com plano de saúde, acima do peso, com mais de oito anos de diagnóstico e que não sofreram hospitalização. Conclusão: os jovens apresentam autoeficácia satisfatória, não sendo observada associação significativa com variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas.
Evolução histórica da configuração da equipe de enfermagem em um hospital militar
Authors: Bittencourt Raquel Castanheira , Santos Tânia Cristina Franco , Abreu Marcleyde Silva de Azevedo , Almeida Filho Antonio José , Peres Maria Angélica de Almeida , Aperibense Pacita Geovana Gama de Sousa
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: analisar a evolução histórica da configuração da equipe de enfermagem em um hospital militar. Métodos: estudo histórico-social. Fontes históricas: documentos escritos e depoimentos orais cedidos por cinco enfermeiras militares. Os dados coletados foram analisados em conformidade com o método histórico, após organização e classificação. Resultados: na chegada dos oficiais enfermeiros ao Hospital Central da Polícia Militar, a equipe de enfermeiros estava reduzida a quatro enfermeiros civis e à enfermeira-chefe. Contava também com cento e setenta sargentos e cabos de saúde e trezentos e quatro funcionários civis (técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem). O cuidado de enfermagem era majoritariamente realizado por profissionais de nível médio que já pertenciam à corporação. Conclusão: os oficiais enfermeiros enfrentaram sobrecarga de trabalho, além das dificuldades com “os praças” (militares das categorias inferiores), no tocante ao acatamento da hierarquia, ocorrendo alguns embates, ensejados por disputas de poder, em um espaço misógino.
Vivência de pais com o Método Canguru: revisão integrativa
Authors: Lopes Thaís Rosental Gabriel , Carvalho Jovanka Bittencourt Leite de , Alves Tássia Regine Morais , Medeiros Anderson Brito de , Oliveira Sylvia Silva de , Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes de
Published: September 2019

Objetivo: compreender a vivência de pais com o Método Canguru. Métodos: revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases de dados: Scientific Electronic Library Online, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Web of Science e Current Nursing and Allied Health Literature. Resultados: obtiveram-se 732 artigos e sete foram selecionados. Identificou-se que pais vivenciam o Método Canguru com realização e prazer. Ademais, apresentaram dificuldades, medo e insegurança que podem estar associados ao funcionamento e a dispositivos de apoio à vida, utilizados para garantir a sobrevida de prematuros no cuidado relacionado ao distanciamento da figura paterna com neonato. Conclusão: a figura paterna, atualmente, apresenta-se mais participativa e consciente acerca do papel no âmbito familiar e nos cuidados inerentes ao filho prematuro. No entanto, pais se sentem despreparados, mas orgulhosos e esperançosos com evolução clínica de bebês, ao vivenciar o Método Canguru.
Association between nursing care performance with perception of financial rewards, career development and supervision
Authors: Cempakasari Ayu Ratih , Nopiyani Ni Made Sri , Duarsa Dyah Pradnya Paramita
Published: September 2019

AbstractBackground and Purpose: The performance of nurses in providing care to patients is an important component for patient satisfaction and healing. Nurse's performance is determined by many factors. This study aims to determine the association between nurse performance in providing nursing care with education, nurse perceptions of financial rewards, career development opportunities, and supervision of the ward head.Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on all nurses (164 people) at inpatient wards of Tabanan General Hospital. Data collection was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire in April 2018. Bivariate analysis was performed using chi-square test, and multivariate analysis was conducted using multiple logistic regression to determine the adjusted odds ratios.Results: The results showed that the mean score of nursing care performance was 70.17 from a maximum score of 80. All independent variables were found to be associated with nurse performance, namely perceptions of career development opportunities (AOR=1.6; 95% CI = 1.03-1.3; p = 0.011), financial rewards (AOR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.01-1.2; p = 0.029) and supervision of the ward chief (AOR = 1.1; 95% CI = 1.01-1.2; p = 0.022).Conclusion: Nurses' perceptions of financial rewards, career development opportunities, and supervision of the ward chief are associated with nursing care performance. Provision of rewards, career development and supervision need to be considered in the efforts to improve nurse performance.
Emotional support is the only social support associated with the quality of life of people living with HIV
Authors: Rahayuni Ni Wayan Sri , Merati Ketut Tuti Parwati , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman
Published: September 2019

Background and purpose: The quality of life of people living with HIV is influenced by many factors, one of which is social support. Social support consists of four elements, namely information, instrumental, emotional and appraisal supports. Publication on the association between the quality of life of people living with HIV and the four elements of social support shows inconsistent results. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between the four elements of social support and the quality of life of people living with HIV.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out at the WM Medika Clinic, Kerti Praja Foundation, Denpasar, Bali. Samples were people living with HIV who came to the clinic between July-August 2018 to take antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. The total number of samples was 92 patients selected through the convenience sampling. Data was collected by conducting individual interviews and consisted of respondent characteristics, quality of life, information, instrumental, emotional and appraisal supports. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to determine the association between social support and quality of life of people living with HIV.Results: Emotional support was the only element of social support found to be significantly associated with quality of life of people living with HIV with AOR=4.918 (95%CI: 1.268-19.082). Whereas the other three elements were not found to be related to the quality of life of people living with HIV, these were instrumental support (AOR=0.865; 95%CI: 0.228-3.278); information support (AOR=0.949; 95%CI: 0.248-3.637); and appraisal support (AOR=0.317; 95%CI: 0.095-1.057).Conclusion: The quality of life of people living with HIV is found to be related to emotional support and is not found to be related to information, instrumental and appraisal supports. Emotional support needs to be addressed in order to further improve the quality of life of people living with HIV.
The effectiveness of WhatsApp video to increase knowledge of pneumonia early detection among mothers of children under five years
Authors: Dewi Ni Wayan Erviana Puspita , Sawitri Anak Agung Sagung , Muliawan Partha
Published: September 2019

Background and purpose: Number of people in Indonesia who have access to smartphones is quite high, but their use for health education media specifically for the detection of pneumonia is still limited. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of use of video information through the WhatsApp (WA) application compared to leaflets in order to increase maternal knowledge about early detection of pneumonia among under-five children.Methods: A pretest-posttest randomized control trial was conducted in three of the six sub-villages (called banjar) in the Gelgel Village, Klungkung District. Banjar was selected purposively by considering the distance between banjar. As many as 30 mothers were selected as samples from around 45-50 mothers of children under five in each banjar. The intervention was conducted randomly where one banjar was given intervention with videos through WA, one banjar with leaflets and one banjar as a control group. The intervention was carried out for three weeks (August-September 2018). Data were collected before and after the intervention through face-to-face interviews with the mothers in their homes which included social demographics, mother's knowledge about pneumonia detection and educational media preferences. Bivariate data analysis was conducted with paired t-test and multivariate analysis with General Linear Model.Results: Characteristics of respondents in all three groups were similar in terms of age, education, employment and parity. The results of interviews on educational media choices showed that most respondents (64%) preferred WA media. The increase in mean knowledge score after the intervention was significantly higher in the WA group which was 6.93 (95%CI: 6.38-7.49) and leaflet 5.90 (95%CI: 5.49-6.44) compared to the control group 1.87 (95%CI: 1.26-2.47). There was no significant difference between the WA and the leaflet group. The results of multivariate analysis showed that educational media (F=110.99; p<0.001) and education (F=16.69: p<0.001) were significantly associated with the increase in knowledge after adjustments were made based on age, employment and parity.Conclusion: WA videos and leaflets were found to be effective in increasing maternal knowledge about early detection of pneumonia in under-five children. Because the use of WA application is increasing, efforts to increase health knowledge with WA videos need to be enhanced.