bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative status and metabolic profile in a long-lived bird preparing for extreme endurance migration
Authors: Gutiérrez Jorge S. , Sabat Pablo , Castañeda Luis E. , Contreras Carolina , Navarrete Lucas , Peña-Villalobos Isaac , Navedo Juan G.
Published: November 2019

The high metabolic activity associated with endurance flights and intense fuelling of migrant birds may produce large quantities of reactive oxygen species, which cause oxidative damage. Yet it remains unknown how long-lived birds prepare for oxidative challenges prior to extreme flights. We combined blood measurements of oxidative status and enzyme and fat metabolism in Hudsonian godwits (Limosa haemastica, a long-lived shorebird) before they embarked on non-stop flights longer than 10,000 km during their northbound migrations. We found that godwits increased total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reduced oxidative damage (TBARS) as the pre-migratory season progressed, despite higher basal metabolic rates before departure. Elevations in plasma β-hydroxybutyrate and uric acid suggest that lipid and protein breakdown supports energetic requirements prior to migration. Significant associations between blood mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase and plasma TAC (negative) and TBARS (positive) during winter indicate that greater enzyme activity can result in greater oxidative damage and antioxidant responses. However enzyme activity remained unchanged between winter and premigratory stages, so birds may be unable to adjust metabolic enzyme activity in anticipation of future demands. These results indicate that godwits enhance their oxidative status during migratory preparation, which might represent an adaptation to diminish the physiological costs of long-distance migration.
Hierarchical H-ZSM5 zeolites based on natural kaolinite as a high-performance catalyst for methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons conversion
Authors: Asghari Ahmad , Khorrami Mohammadreza Khanmohammadi , Kazemi Sayed Habib
Published: November 2019

The present work introduces a good prospect for the development of hierarchical catalysts with excellent catalytic performance in the methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons conversion (MTA) process. Hierarchical H-ZSM5 zeolites, with a tailored pore size and different Si/Al ratios, were synthesized directly using natural kaolin clay as a low-cost silica and aluminium resource. Further explored for the direct synthesis of hierarchical HZSM-5 structures was the steam assisted conversion (SAC) with a cost-effective and green affordable saccharide source of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), as a secondary mesopore agent. The fabricated zeolites exhibiting good crystallinity, 2D and 3D nanostructures, high specific surface area, tailored pore size, and tunable acidity. Finally, the catalyst performance in the conversion of methanol to aromatic hydrocarbons was tested in a fixed bed reactor. The synthesized H-ZSM5 catalysts exhibited superior methanol conversion (over 100 h up to 90%) and selectivity (over 85%) in the methanol conversion to aromatic hydrocarbon products.
Relationship of common variants in MPP7, TIMP2 and CASP8 genes with the risk of chronic achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Kang Xin , Tian Bin , Zhang Liang , Ge Zhaogang , Zhao Yang , Zhang Yingang
Published: November 2019

Previous etiologic studies have indicated that both environmental and genetic factors play important roles in the occurrence and development of chronic Achilles tendinopathy (AT). A recent study documented the results of the largest genome-wide association study for chronic AT to date, indicating that MPP7, TIMP2 and CASP8 may be involved in the occurrence and development of chronic AT. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether MPP7, TIMP2 and CASP8 were associated with susceptibility to chronic AP in a Han Chinese population. A total of 3,680 study subjects comprised 1,288 chronic AT cases, and 2,392 healthy controls were recruited. Forty-four tag SNPs (7 from CASP8, 20 from MPP7, and 17 from TIMP2) were genotyped in the study. Genetic association analyses were performed at both single marker and haplotype levels. Functional consequences of significant SNPs were examined in the RegulomeDB and GTEx databases. Two SNPs, SNP rs1937810 (OR [95%CI] = 1.20 [1.09–1.32], χ2 = 13.50, P = 0.0002) in MPP7 and rs4789932 (OR [95%CI] = 1.24 [1.12–1.37], χ2 = 17.98, P = 2.23 × 10−5) in TIMP2, were significantly associated with chronic AT. Significant eQTL signals for SNP rs4789932 on TIMP2 were identified in human heart and artery tissues. Our results provide further supportive evidence for the association of the TIMP2 and MPP7 genes with chronic AT, which supports important roles for TIMP2 and MPP7 in the etiology of chronic AT, adding to the current understanding of the susceptibility of chronic AT.
A practical solution of the Bethe equation in the energy range applicable to radiotherapy and radionuclide production
Authors: Martinez D. M. , Rahmani M. , Burbadge C. , Hoehr C.
Published: November 2019

While the dose deposition of charged hadrons has received much attention over the last decades starting in 1930 with the publication of the Bethe equation, there are still practical obstacles in implementing it in fields like radiotherapy and isotope production on cyclotrons. This is especially true if the target material consists of non-homogeneous materials, either consisting of a mixture of different elements or experiencing phase changes during irradiation. While Monte-Carlo methods have had great success in describing these more difficult target materials, they come at a computational cost, especially if the problem is time-dependent. This can greatly hinder optimal advancement in therapy and isotope targetry. Here, a regular perturbation method is used to solve the Bethe equation in the limit of small relativistic effects. Particular focus is given to incident energy level relevant to radionuclide production and radiotherapy applications, i.e. 10–200 MeV. We present a series solution for the range and dose distribution in terms of elementary functions, as opposed to special functions which will aid in uptake by practitioners.
Optimization and characterization of Royal Dawn cherry (Prunus avium) phenolics extraction
Authors: Iglesias-Carres Lisard , Mas-Capdevila Anna , Bravo Francisca Isabel , Mulero Miquel , Muguerza Begoña , Arola-Arnal Anna
Published: November 2019

To correlate the beneficial effects of cherry consumption with their phenolic composition, a full and precise characterization is required. However, there is not a specific method to fully extract all phenolic compounds from sweet cherries. Thus, this study aimed to optimize the extraction of sweet cherry phenolics by response surface methodology and fully characterize the phenolic profile of Royal Dawn sweet cherries by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Extraction conditions were evaluated and optimized to 55 °C, MeOH 72%, 12 mL/g in two extraction steps. Royal Dawn sweet cherries presented rutin as the predominant phenolic compound, unlike most sweet cherry varieties. Additionally, ethanol was evaluated as a replacement solvent, obtaining lower extraction rates, especially for anthocyanins. However, in terms of total amounts, non-anthocyanin compounds were similarly extracted. The developed methodology was fast and can be routinely used in the evaluation of the phenolic profile of sweet cherries and to produce phenolic-rich extracts for the food industry.
Detection and Attribution of Atmospheric Precipitable Water Changes since the 1970s over China
Authors: Zhang Jingpeng , Zhao Tianbao , Dai Aiguo , Zhang Wenyu
Published: November 2019

Atmospheric water vapor increases as air temperature rises, which causes further warming. Thus, understanding the underlying causes of atmospheric water vapor change is vital in climate change research. Here, we conducted detection and attribution analyses of atmospheric precipitable water (PW) changes from 1973–2012 over China using an optimal fingerprinting method by comparing the homogenized radiosonde humidity data with CMIP5 model simulations. Results show that the increase in water vapor can be largely attributed to human activities. The effect of anthropogenic forcing (ANT) can be robustly detected and separated from the response to the natural external forcing (NAT) in the two-signal analysis. The moistening attributable to the ANT forcing explains most of the observed PW increase, while the NAT forcing leads to small moistening. GHGs are the primary moistening contributor responsible for the anthropogenic climate change, and the effect of GHGs can be also clearly detected and successfully attributed to the observed PW increases in a three-signal analysis. The scaling factor is used to adjust the CMIP5 model-projected PW changes over China and the observation-constrained future projections suggest that atmospheric water vapor may increase faster (slower) than that revealed by the raw simulations over whole (eastern) China.
Boronic acid sensors with double recognition sites: a review
Authors: Bian Zhancun , Liu Aiqin , Li Ying , Fang Guiqian , Yao Qingqiang , Zhang Guimin , Wu Zhongyu
Published: November 2019

Herein, boronic acid-based sensors containing two recognition sites were summarized systematically. By two recognition sites working synergistically, the binding affinity and selectivity of sensors improve significantly.
Synthesis, application and molecular modeling study of ionic liquid functionalized lactobionic acid, 3-methyl-1-(3-sulfopropyl)-1H-imidazol-3-ium lactobionate, as a chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Xu Hui , Feng Zijie , Du Yingxiang
Published: November 2019

Ionic liquid MSI-LA was used as the sole chiral selector, both cation and anion contribute in forming interactions with enantiomers.
Direct regeneration of spent LiFePO4via a graphite prelithiation strategy
Authors: Wang Tao , Yu Xiaoshuang , Fan Min , Meng Qinghai , Xiao Yao , Yin Ya-Xia , Li Hongliang , Guo Yu-Guo
Published: November 2019

A new, low-cost and green regeneration method was developed to revive spent LiFePO4-based batteries.
A homochiral 3D framework of mechanically interlocked 1D loops with solvent-dependent spin-state switching behaviors
Authors: Sun Xiao-Peng , Tang Zheng , Yao Zi-Shuo , Tao Jun
Published: November 2019

A homochiral 3D mechanically interlocked framework based on 1D loops is presented, which shows reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation and enables the interconversion between one-step and two-step spin crossover behaviors.
Aggregation induced emission of a new naphthyridine-ethynyl–gold(i) complex as a potential tool for sensing guanosine nucleotides in aqueous media
Authors: Moro Artur J. , Avó João , Malfois Marc , Zaccaria Francesco , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Caparrós Francisco J. , Rodríguez Laura , Lima João Carlos
Published: November 2019

A new organometallic alkynyl–gold(i) complex exhibiting aggregation induced emission is capable of sensing Guanosine nucleotides via complementary hydrogen bonding in aqueous media.
Direct conversion of uranium dioxide UO2to uranium tetrafluoride UF4using the fluorinated ionic liquid [Bmim][PF6]
Authors: Joly Florian , Simon Pardis , Trivelli Xavier , Arab Mehdi , Morel Bertrand , Solari Pier Lorenzo , Paul Jean-Francois , Moisy Philippe , Volkringer Christophe
Published: November 2019

[Bmim][PF6] ionic liquid is used for the direct conversion of uranium dioxide UO2to uranium tetrafluoride UF4.
A sustainable preparation of catalytically active and antibacterial cellulose metal nanocompositesviaball milling of cellulose
Authors: Kwiczak-Yiğitbaşı Joanna , Laçin Özge , Demir Mine , Ahan Recep Erdem , Şeker Urartu Özgür Şafak , Baytekin Bilge
Published: November 2019

Mechanochemical production of cellulose–metal NP composites requires no capping or reducing agents, and yields antibacterial and catalytically active materials.
Micro versus nanochannels: carbon micro-sieve tubes from biological phloem tissues for lithium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Sun Zhuang , Zhang Yuchen , Sun Bin , Yang Chushu , Zhang Tao
Published: November 2019

Microscale sieve-tube carbon from biological phloem tissue goes much beyond nanoscale channel carbon, avoiding clogging and alleviating stability issues.
Selective oxidation of (hetero)sulfides with molecular oxygen under clean conditions
Authors: Liu Kai-Jian , Deng Ji-Hui , Yang Jie , Gong Shao-Feng , Lin Ying-Wu , He Jun-Yi , Cao Zhong , He Wei-Min
Published: November 2019

The first example of selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfones and sulfoxides using molecular oxygen under clean conditions was established. The desired products could be easily collected through recrystallization in large-scale preparation.
Cone-spiral magnetic ordering dominated lattice distortion and giant negative thermal expansion in Fe-doped MnNiGe compounds
Authors: Shen Feiran , Zhou Houbo , Hu Fengxia , Wang Jian-Tao , Deng Sihao , Wang Baotian , Wu Hui , Huang Qingzhen , Wang Jing , Chen Jie , He Lunhua , Hao Jiazheng , Yu Zibing , Liang Feixiang , Liang Tianjiao , Sun Jirong , Shen Baogen
Published: November 2019

By utilizing the large lattice distortion caused by incommensurate cone-spiral magnetic ordering and the induced texture effect in Fe-doped MnNiGe alloys, NTE largely exceeding the average crystallographical contribution has been achieved.
BF3·OEt2-promoted tandem Meinwald rearrangement and nucleophilic substitution of oxiranecarbonitriles
Authors: Xu Chuangchuang , Xu Jiaxi
Published: November 2019

Introducing a cyano leaving group into epoxides results in BF3·OEt2-promoted tandem Meinwald rearrangement and nucleophilic substitution to synthesize arylacetic derivatives from vicinal arylcyanoepoxides.
Novel single excitation dual-emission carbon dots for colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescent dual mode detection of Cu2+ and Al3+ ions
Authors: Song Jinping , Ma Qi , Liu Yequn , Guo Yong , Feng Feng , Shuang Shaomin
Published: November 2019

D-CDs with strong red emission and weak blue emission as an effective colorimetric and ratiometric fluorescence sensing probe are employed to realize the simultaneous detection of Cu2+ and Al3+ ions without any interference effect.
Electrocatalytic oxidation of water at a polyoxometalate nanoparticle modified gold electrode
Authors: Mahanta Abhinandan , Barman Koushik , Jasimuddin Sk
Published: November 2019

Polyoxometalate nanoparticles, [H3PMo12O40]NPs, modified gold electrode showed excellent electrocatalytic activity towards water oxidation reaction at an overpotential of 350 mV with a current density of 1.7 mA cm−2in neutral pH medium.
Three cobalt-based coordination polymers with tripodal carboxylate and imidazole-containing ligands: syntheses, structures, properties and DFT studies
Authors: Tang Long , Wang Huan-Huan , Fu Yu-Hao , Wang Yi-Tong , Wang JiJiang , Hou XiangYang
Published: November 2019

The tripodal carboxylate ligand can be employed in Co(ii) salt/imidazole-containing ligand systems to generate 1D chain, 2D layer, and 2D to 3D network, and the fluorescence properties of 1–3 and magnetic behavior of 1 and 2 have been investigated.
Fused pyrazole-phenanthridine based dyads: synthesis, photo-physical and theoretical studies, and live cell pH imaging
Authors: Muthukumar Venkatesan , Munusamy Sathishkumar , Thirumoorthy Krishnan , Sawminathan Sathish , KulathuIyer Sathiyanarayanan
Published: November 2019

The arrangement of small sized molecules with a scaffold structure plays an active role in the fields of sensors and health care.
Influence of Mg/CTAB ratio on the structural, physicochemical properties and catalytic activity of amorphous mesoporous magnesium silicate catalysts
Authors: Tan Kok-Hou , Iqbal Anwar , Adam Farook , Abu Bakar N. H. H. , Ahmad M. N. , Yusop Rahimi M. , Pauzi Hariy
Published: November 2019

Increasing the magnesium content in direct synthesis will lead to the formation of different magnesium active sites that increase the styrene oxide selectivity under the same reaction conditions.
Efficient catalytic oxidation of methyl aromatic hydrocarbon withN-alkyl pyridinium salts
Authors: Zhang Qiaohong , He Honghao , Wang Huibin , Zhang Zhan , Chen Chen
Published: November 2019

A series ofN-alkyl pyridinium salts were synthesized and employed as metal-free catalyst for the selective oxidation of methyl aromatic hydrocarbon with molecular oxygen.
Excited-state locked amino analogues of the green fluorescent protein chromophore with a giant Stokes shift
Authors: Zaitseva Snizhana O. , Farkhutdinova Dilara A. , Baleeva Nadezhda S. , Smirnov Alexander Yu. , Zagudaylova Marina B. , Shakhov Aleksander M. , Astafiev Artyom A. , Baranov Mikhail S. , Bochenkova Anastasia V.
Published: November 2019

We design a new class of excited-state locked GFP chromophores which intrinsically exhibit a very large Stokes shift.
Insights into the mechanism of photosynthetic H2 evolution catalyzed by a heptacoordinate cobalt complex
Authors: Lucarini Fiorella , Fize Jennifer , Morozan Adina , Marazzi Marco , Natali Mirco , Pastore Mariachiara , Artero Vincent , Ruggi Albert
Published: November 2019

Shining light on the high activity of a heptacoordinate cobalt complex for photosynthetic hydrogen evolution: an integrative approach.
Influence of the ion size on the stability of the smectic phase of ionic liquid crystals
Authors: Cao Wudi , Senthilkumar Beeran , Causin Valerio , Swamy Vincent P. , Wang Yanting , Saielli Giacomo
Published: November 2019

It takes two to tango: an experimental and computational study of ionic liquid crystals reveals the subtle balance between the energetic interactions in the hydrophobic and ionic layers that contribute to the stabilization of the ionic smectic phase.
Review on photo- and electrical aging mechanisms for neutral excitons and ions in organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Zhao Chongguang , Duan Lian
Published: November 2019

Molecular degradation in OLEDs may originate from charge delivery, exciton residence, or a combination of these processes. In this review, the mechanistic study and modeling of the photo- and electrical degradations of OLEDs is introduced.
New insights into the evolutionary conservation of the sole PIKK pseudokinase Tra1/TRRAP
Authors: Elías-Villalobos Alberto , Fort Philippe , Helmlinger Dominique
Published: November 2019

Phosphorylation by protein kinases is a fundamental mechanism of signal transduction. Many kinase families contain one or several members that, although evolutionarily conserved, lack the residues required for catalytic activity. Studies combining structural, biochemical, and functional approaches revealed that these pseudokinases have crucial roles in vivo and may even represent attractive targets for pharmacological intervention. Pseudokinases mediate signal transduction by a diversity of mechanisms, including allosteric regulation of their active counterparts, assembly of signaling hubs, or modulation of protein localization. One such pseudokinase, named Tra1 in yeast and transformation/transcription domain-associated protein (TRRAP) in mammals, is the only member lacking all catalytic residues within the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase related kinase (PIKK) family of kinases. PIKKs are related to the PI3K family of lipid kinases, but function as Serine/Threonine protein kinases and have pivotal roles in diverse processes such as DNA damage sensing and repair, metabolic control of cell growth, nonsense-mediated decay, or transcription initiation. Tra1/TRRAP is the largest subunit of two distinct transcriptional co-activator complexes, SAGA and NuA4/TIP60, which it recruits to promoters upon transcription factor binding. Here, we review our current knowledge on the Tra1/TRRAP pseudokinase, focusing on its role as a scaffold for SAGA and NuA4/TIP60 complex assembly and recruitment to chromatin. We further discuss its evolutionary history within the PIKK family and highlight recent findings that reveal the importance of molecular chaperones in pseudokinase folding, function, and conservation.
Cellular mechanisms of complex I-associated pathology
Authors: Abramov Andrey Y. , Angelova Plamena R.
Published: November 2019

Mitochondria control vitally important functions in cells, including energy production, cell signalling and regulation of cell death. Considering this, any alteration in mitochondrial metabolism would lead to cellular dysfunction and the development of a disease. A large proportion of disorders associated with mitochondria are induced by mutations or chemical inhibition of the mitochondrial complex I — the entry point to the electron transport chain. Subunits of the enzyme NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase, are encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial DNA and mutations in these genes lead to cardio and muscular pathologies and diseases of the central nervous system. Despite such a clear involvement of complex I deficiency in numerous disorders, the molecular and cellular mechanisms leading to the development of pathology are not very clear. In this review, we summarise how lack of activity of complex I could differentially change mitochondrial and cellular functions and how these changes could lead to a pathology, following discrete routes.
New phasorial oriented single‐PI loop control for industrial VSC‐PFC rectifiers operating under unbalanced conditions
Authors: Santoyo‐Anaya Mario A. , Salgado‐Herrera Nadia Maria , Rodriguez‐Rodrıguez Juan Ramón , Castro Luis M. , Moreno‐Goytia Edgar L. , Venegas‐Rebollar Vicente
Published: November 2019

Due to several reasons, the three‐phase voltages of power grids cannot be balanced. The performance of AC–DC converters using dq0‐based controls can be severely affected by the presence of unbalanced input AC voltages. Different to these proposals, this study presents a new easy‐to‐implement control scheme based on a single PI loop algorithm for VSC‐PFC rectifiers using a phasorial approach. This new scheme has various significant advantages: (i) fast counteracting of large unbalanced voltage and current conditions; (ii) power factor = 1 at any unbalanced sag operating conditions; (iii) negligible current harmonic distortion and (iv) low‐ripple DC voltage. All these features are concurrently obtained. The proposed single‐PI loop VSC‐PFC rectifier control strategy is theoretically and experimentally validated. A revision of the main results and characteristics of various proposed techniques that are similar to the one proposed in this study is also carried out, qualitatively indicating the main advantages featured by the proposed control strategy for VSC‐PFC rectifiers.
Hybrid consensus‐based distributed pseudomeasurement information filter for small UAVs tracking in wireless sensor network
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Xiaogang , Cui Naigang
Published: November 2019

In this study, a novel state estimation method is proposed for small unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) tracking in passive sensors (PSs) wireless sensor network (WSN), where the measurement equations are highly non‐linear. Different from many non‐linear function approximation methods, the non‐linear measurement functions are recast into a linear form with respect to UAV states. The centralised 3D pseudomeasurement information filter (PMIF) is derived by embedding the linear form measurements into conventional information filtering schemes. For distributed state estimation in a not fully connected WSN, a hybrid consensus‐based distributed PMF (DHCPMIF) is developed in which each PS independently calculates local contribution by using its own pseudomeasurement. To guarantee bounded estimation error as close as possible to that obtained by the optimal centralised estimator, the hybrid consensus method is developed by combining consensus on measurement and consensus on information method, which retains the advantages of both approaches, thus providing estimation accuracy improvement when the number of consensus iterations is moderate. The effectiveness of the proposed distributed filter is verified via two simulation examples involving tracking a UAV using four and eight PSs, respectively.
Parameter optimised iterative learning control algorithm for multi‐batch reactor
Authors: Gao Shida , Li Jun , Bo Cuimei , Yin Junhua , Liu Yanping
Published: November 2019

A two‐dimensional iterative learning PID control algorithm with Markov tuning method for batch reaction process is presented in this study. The learning algorithm with parameters tuned by Markov method can be explicitly tackling the repetitiveness of batch process, while achieve precise tracking of preset trajectory. It further shows that the control algorithm can guarantee convergence of the tracking error. Simulation results show that the parameters tuned by the Markov method can make the tracking error converge faster compared with the intimal control method.
Research and design of cloud monitoring and management system for intelligent stereo garage
Authors: Li Fan , Niu Dan , Li Tao , Xue Yufeng , Huang Xueying
Published: November 2019

With the rapid development of the stereo garage, there are plenty of security problems appeared in stereo garage. The monitoring and management system of the stereo garage has attracted more and more attention. A cloud monitoring and management system for stereo garage is designed based on Web technology, which collects real‐time data from the intelligent controller of the stereo garage, stores them in the cloud database. History and real‐time data are studied to complete the functions of garage overview, real‐time video monitoring, fault management, garage management, and system management. Deep confidence networks are proposed to conduct fault diagnosis for stereo garage, and the results are sent to the management interface of cloud portal (APP and website) for remote management. Test results show that the management efficiency of the stereo garage is significantly improved. The system guarantees the safe and reliable work of the stereo garage. It achieves better performance especially in the remote management and fault diagnosis.
Application research on improved CGAN in image raindrop removal
Authors: Zhu Min , Fang Chao , Du Haibo , Qi Meibin , Wu Zhiwei
Published: November 2019

Rainy weather can greatly reduce the image quality and hinder the subsequent processing of the image. In order to achieve raindrop removal on rainy images, the single image raindrop removal method based on conditional generative adversarial networks (CGAN) is proposed. In this method, CGAN is used as the basic framework. The network receives the raindrop image as an additional condition information and adds Lipschitz constraint on the network. The network model is trained by the combination of condition adversarial loss, content loss, and perception loss to repair the raindrop area and reconstruct the image. The experimental results show that the proposed method has better raindrop removal effect than the existing algorithm and can avoid image blurring on the basis of ensuring the raindrop removal effect.
Research on ADRC controller design for three‐phase UPS with multi‐disturbances
Authors: Gong Shaokang , Huang Jingtao , He Guofeng
Published: November 2019

This study focuses on detailed analysis of disturbance for three‐phase uninterruptible power supply (UPS) in reality, as well as design of active‐disturbance rejection controller (ADRC) and simulation of the corresponding model with multi‐disturbances. Parameters of LC‐filter will change with UPS operation. Also, UPS not only has pure resistive load, but also resistive–inductive load, and sometimes even non‐linear load. The authors take the above disturbance of uninterruptible power supply into consideration at the beginning. Then, according to the above analysis of disturbances, a mathematical model with disturbance term is established. After, the active‐disturbance rejection controller is designed to depress the disturbances from internal part and external part. Finally, the corresponding simulation is conducted in order to verify the precision of modelling and the effectiveness of ADRC control strategy.
A calculation method of thermal deformation for double helical gear
Authors: Wang Cheng
Published: November 2019

Thermal deformation caused by gear transmission is an important factor causing gear impact, vibration and partial load. Gear modification can effectively improve the effects caused by thermal deformation. The calculation of thermal deformation is the first problem to be solved before gear modification. This paper takes double helical gear as the research object and a calculation method of thermal deformation is proposed. Firstly, temperature of instantaneous meshing points on the tooth surface are measured and these discrete temperature values are fitted by the linear interpolation. Calculation formula of temperature distribution along gear radial direction is introduced. Combining both, tooth surface temperature field is obtained. Secondly, equation of tooth surface for double helical gear before and after thermal deformation is derived according to the tooth surface temperature field. Finally, an example is given. Compared with the given modification of thermal deformation, the calculated thermal deformation is almost equal to theoretical value. On this basis, the thermal deformation of double helical gear considering the installation error and machining error is calculated, which provides a theoretical basis for thermal deformation modification of double helical gear.
Hypoglykämien bei Diabetes mellitus: häufig und gefährlich
Authors: Holstein Andreas , Holstein David J.F.
Published: November 2019

Schwere Hypoglykämien führen häufig zu Verletzungen und sind mit einer mehr als 2-fach erhöhten kardiovaskulären Mortalität und Morbidität assoziiert. Hauptrisikofaktoren für Hypoglykämien bei Typ-1-Diabetes sind Störungen der Hypoglykämie-Wahrnehmung bzw. rekurrente Hypoglykämien, während bei Typ-2-Diabetes komplexe geriatrische Multimorbidität und kognitive Einschränkungen dominieren. Individuelle (Re-)Schulungen der Patienten bilden die Grundlage der Prävention. Therapieziele sollten unter Wertung des Patientenwunsches, der Komorbiditäten, des Hypoglykämierisikos, der Lebenserwartung u.a. individuell festgelegt werden. Bei Typ-2-Diabetes und Hypoglykämie-Vulnerabilität sind Antidiabetika ohne intrinsisches Hypoglykämierisiko (DPP-4-Hemmer, GLP-1-Analoga, SGLT-2-Hemmer) in der Zweitlinien-Therapie nach Metformin zu bevorzugen. Moderne CGM-Technologien tragen dazu bei, insbesondere gefährliche nächtliche Hypoglykämien zu reduzieren und die Hypoglykämie-Wahrnehmung zu verbessern. Auch CSII und wahrscheinlich der Einsatz moderner Basalinsulinanaloga senken das Hypoglykämierisiko bei Typ-1- bzw. Typ-2-Diabetes. Die simultane Transplantation von Pankreas und Niere, die isolierte Pankreastransplantation und Inseltransplantation führen nicht nur zur (temporären) Insulinunabhängigkeit, sondern vermeiden auch Hypoglykämien. Die primäre Therapie bei bewusstseinsgestörten Patienten mit schwerer Hypoglykämie besteht in der streng intravenösen Gabe von 50 ml 40 %iger Glukose als Bolus. Alternativ kann die Gabe von 1 mg Glukagon intramuskulär erfolgen. Ältere komorbide oder verletzte Diabetespatienten, Sulfonylharnstoff-Hypoglykämien und Hypoglykämien unter Alkoholkonsum oder Analgetika-/Sedativa-Medikation bedürfen obligat der stationären Überwachung.
Time-Lag Between Symptom Onset and Diagnosis of Subacute Thyroiditis – How to Avoid the Delay of Diagnosis and Unnecessary Overuse of Antibiotics
Authors: Stasiak Magdalena , Michalak Renata , Stasiak Bartłomiej , Lewiński Andrzej
Published: November 2019

Clinical symptoms of subacute thyroiditis (SAT) may be misleading and the proper diagnosis is significantly delayed, and many unnecessary therapeutic methods are used, including application of antibiotics. The purpose of the study is to analyze the reasons and frequency of delayed SAT diagnosis and unnecessary antibiotic treatment and to propose a simple algorithm to facilitate the diagnosis and prevent antibiotic abuse. Sixty-four SAT patients were divided into groups depending on the period of time from the first symptoms of SAT to diagnosis and on the unnecessary use of antibiotics. Data from medical history and laboratory test results were analyzed for individual groups to determine the reasons for delayed diagnosis and incorrect treatment. In 73% of patients, the diagnosis was delayed from over two weeks up to six months. Among 62 patients who provided data on antibiotic use, 29 (46.77%) were treated with one or more antibiotics due to SAT symptoms. Fever, preceding infection, increased C-reactive protein (CRP), and WBC were characteristic for the antibiotic treated group. Fever, preceding infection, increased CRP and WBC are typical for both SAT and infection and are the main symptoms leading to misdiagnosis and unnecessary antibiotic treatment in SAT. Thus, in all patients with neck pain or other SAT-like symptoms, thorough clinical examination of the neck is mandatory. When firm and/or tender thyroid nodule/goitre is present and erythrocyte sedimentation rate /CRP is increased, patient should be promptly referred to an endocrinologist, and antibiotics are not recommended.
Spätkomplikationen nach Tracheotomie im ambulanten Pflegebereich
Authors: Schrom Thomas , Grode-Trübenbach Julia , Diederich Linda , Bloching Marc
Published: November 2019

Hintergrund Fortschritte der modernen Intensivmedizin haben zu einem drastischen Anstieg der Tracheotomie-Zahlen auf Intensivstationen geführt. Im Gegensatz zur chirurgischen epithelisierten Tracheostomie (ST) entsteht mittels perkutaner Dilatation angelegter Tracheotomie (PDT) ein nur wenig stabiles Stoma. Die Vorteile einer PDT im Vergleich zur ST liegen in dem geringeren organisatorischen Aufwand, der damit verbundenen Kostenreduktion und der geringeren Invasivität des Verfahrens. Aufgrund des unterschiedlichen Atemwegsmanagements nach PDT können Spätkomplikationen vor allem in Pflegeeinrichtungen Probleme machen.

Material und Methoden Es wurden Pflegeeinrichtungen zum Tracheotomie-Typ und Kanülenmanagement ihrer tracheotomierten Patienten anhand eines standardisierten Fragebogens befragt. Der Fragebogen beinhaltete Angaben zum Patienten und zur Tracheotomie-Art, Angaben zum Kanülenmanagement und Angaben von Komplikationen am Tracheostoma in Art und Häufigkeit.

Ergebnisse Nahezu 2/3 der Patienten waren mit einer PDT versorgt. Die Komplikationsraten der PDT-versorgten Patienten in Bezug auf alle beobachteten Komplikationsarten waren statistisch hochsignifikant höher als in der Gruppe der ST-versorgten Patienten. Bei 80 % der mit einer PDT versorgten Patienten war im weiteren Verlauf die Einweisung in eine Klinik zur Tracheostomarevision notwendig versus 23 % bei den ST-versorgten Patienten.

Diskussion Eine PDT stellt in der postoperativen Nachsorge besondere Anforderungen an das Pflegepersonal. Die Entscheidung, welche Form der Tracheotomie für den zu behandelnden Patienten angelegt wird, sollte in Abhängigkeit von der Indikation im interdisziplinären Team erfolgen. Bei voraussichtlicher Längerfristigkeit der Tracheotomie sollte bereits initial eine chirurgische Tracheostomie angelegt werden.
Total Endovascular Aortic Arch Repair with Branched Graft
Authors: Franzese Ilaria , Petrilli Giuseppe , Puppini Giovanni , Bacich Daniela , Giambruno Vincenzo , Faggian Giuseppe
Published: November 2019

In selected cases, the utilization of branched endografts for the treatment of aortic arch aneurysms could be a safe and advantageous alternative to high-risk procedures such as open total aortic arch replacement or hybrid arch repair. We present the case of a 70-year-old man with saccular aneurysm of a bovine aortic arch which was endovascularly treated using a double-branched custom-made aortic endoprosthesis based on the Relay NBS (Non-Bare Stent) Plus platform intended for zone 0 deployment. The postoperative clinical course was uneventful. The postoperative computed tomography scan showed a good result of the implant. The patient was discharged 6 days after the procedure.
Transpulmonary Closure of Giant Persistent Ductus Arteriosus under Cardiopulmonary Bypass and Normothermic Cardioplegia
Authors: Chowdhury Ujjwal K. , Singh Sukhjeet , George Niwin , Sankhyan Lakshmi Kumari , Kapoor Poonam Malhotra
Published: November 2019

A 25-year-old female patient with a giant, short, calcified, hypertensive, window ductus arteriosus underwent successful closure via transpulmonary approach under normothermic
cardiopulmonary bypass without circulatory arrest using a Foley catheter for temporary occlusion.
Reduced strain sensitivity of the critical current of Nb3Sn multifilamentary wires
Authors: Seeber B. , Calzolaio C. , Zurmühle D. , Abächerli V. , Alessandrini M. , De Marzi G. , Senatore C.
Published: November 2019

Strain plays an important role in Nb3Sn multifilamentary wires because critical current depends on it and strain sensitivity of Ic increases at higher magnetic fields. In this paper, a three-dimensional strain data set becomes available by further analysis of an earlier study of the Nb3Sn lattice parameter as a function of uniaxial applied strain at 4.2 K obtained by high-energy x-ray diffraction at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility at Grenoble. Modeling of the angle dependence of the lattice strain with respect to the wire axis revealed that, under a specific angle, the cubic (undistorted) Nb3Sn unit cell is independent of the applied uniaxial strain. Knowing that the critical current has its maximum for an undistorted unit cell, it is suggested to put superconducting filaments close to this specific angle with the possibility to suppress, or at least reduce, the strain sensitivity of the critical current. For this purpose, a bronze route Nb3Sn wire was manufactured with various twist pitch lengths and with a maximum filament angle up to 38°. For the wire with the shortest twist pitch length (highest filament angle), the critical current at 19 T and 4.2 K is almost independent of the applied strain between 0.1% and 0.5%. This result confirms the theoretical/experimental considerations and opens a new way for the design and manufacture of Nb3Sn wires and magnets.
One-step solution deposited all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 film for flexible resistive switching memories
Authors: Cheng Pengwei , Zhu Yuanyuan , Shi Jing , Wang Hongjun , Liu Yong , Xiong Rui , Wei Jianhong , Ma Hongyu , Yin Mingli
Published: November 2019

Halide perovskites have attracted a great deal of attention due to their remarkable performances in solar cells, photodetectors, lasers, light emitting diodes, and memories. However, the issue of low quality of the halide perovskite films still restricts their potential applications. Here, the all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 films prepared by the one-step solution deposition method are adopted as the switching layer to fabricate the flexible resistive switching (RS) memory devices. The devices exhibit a typical bipolar RS behavior including long data retention, high ON/OFF ratio, and good cycling endurance under bending, indicating that the one-step solution deposited CsPbBr3 films are promising candidates for the RS memory devices. In addition, by controlling the compliance current and applied stop voltage, the flexible RS devices demonstrate the multilevel storage capability. This work opens up the opportunity for future flexible, high performance, and multibit storage capability RS devices based on all-inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 films.
Effect of frequency of microsecond pulsed electric field on orientation of boron nitride nanosheets and thermal conductivity of epoxy resin-based composites
Authors: Mi Yan , Liu Lulu , Gui Lu , Ge Xin
Published: November 2019

Nanosecond pulsed electric fields over 200 kV/mm have been used for filler alignment in polymer-based thin film (120–250 μm) composites to improve their thermal conductivity, but little research has been performed on bulk composites because of the requirement of an extremely high nanosecond pulsed voltage. In this paper, a microsecond pulsed voltage with a pulse width of 1 μs and an electric field of only 11.76 kV/mm was adopted for the first time to prepare bulk composites of 1.7 mm. The effects of frequency on nanosheets’ orientation and the thermal conductivity of epoxy composites were studied. The orientation degree of BN nanosheets was determined based on cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy images and X-ray diffraction peaks. The orientation degree and thermal conductivity of epoxy composites increased with the increase of the frequency, but the increase rate was lower under higher frequencies. The thermal conductivity of composites containing 10 wt. % BN nanosheets prepared under 100 Hz was 0.588 W/mK, which was more than twice that of composites without an applied electric field. Additionally, an effective medium theory model was adopted for thermal conductivity modeling. In addition, thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry analyses were performed to evaluate the thermal properties of the composites. The results showed that after BN orientation in epoxy resin, the composites had higher glass transition temperature and better thermal stability. Microsecond pulsed electric fields are promising for preparing bulk insulation composites with higher thermal conductivity.
Understanding thermal annealing of artificial spin ice
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Lao Yuyang , Sklenar Joseph , Bingham Nicholas S. , Batley Joseph T. , Watts Justin D. , Nisoli Cristiano , Leighton Chris , Schiffer Peter
Published: November 2019

We have performed a detailed study on thermal annealing of the moment configuration in artificial spin ice. Permalloy (Ni80Fe20) artificial spin ice samples were examined in the prototypical square ice geometry, studying annealing as a function of island thickness, island shape, and annealing temperature and duration. We also measured the Curie temperature as a function of film thickness, finding that thickness has a strong effect on the Curie temperature in regimes of relevance to many studies of the dynamics of artificial spin ice systems. Increasing the interaction energy between island moments and reducing the energy barrier to flipping the island moments allow the system to more closely approach the collective low energy state of the moments upon annealing, suggesting new channels for understanding the thermalization processes in these important model systems.
Incorporating long-range physics in atomic-scale machine learning
Authors: Grisafi Andrea , Ceriotti Michele
Published: November 2019

The most successful and popular machine learning models of atomic-scale properties derive their transferability from a locality ansatz. The properties of a large molecule or a bulk material are written as a sum over contributions that depend on the configurations within finite atom-centered environments. The obvious downside of this approach is that it cannot capture nonlocal, nonadditive effects such as those arising due to long-range electrostatics or quantum interference. We propose a solution to this problem by introducing nonlocal representations of the system, which are remapped as feature vectors that are defined locally and are equivariant in O(3). We consider, in particular, one form that has the same asymptotic behavior as the electrostatic potential. We demonstrate that this framework can capture nonlocal, long-range physics by building a model for the electrostatic energy of randomly distributed point-charges, for the unrelaxed binding curves of charged organic molecular dimers, and for the electronic dielectric response of liquid water. By combining a representation of the system that is sensitive to long-range correlations with the transferability of an atom-centered additive model, this method outperforms current state-of-the-art machine-learning schemes and provides a conceptual framework to incorporate nonlocal physics into atomistic machine learning.
The susceptibility of rare and threatened NSW species to the root-rot pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi: 1. Initial testing and identification of key research questions
Authors: Wan Justin S. H. , McDougall Keith L. , Liew Edward C. Y.
Published: November 2019

In Australia disease caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi can have devastating impacts on native vegetation, especially on plant species with restricted distributions. The identification of susceptible threatened species is a crucial first step in understanding disease aetiology and selecting appropriate management. In a glasshouse trial, plants of 16 rare and threatened New South Wales native species from 10 families were inoculated with the pathogen. Phebalium squamulosum spp. alpinum was included as a susceptible control. We found that three species are highly susceptible to the pathogen (Nematolepis rhytidophylla (Albr. & N.G.Walsh) Paul G.Wilson, Prostanthera marifolia R.Br., Pultenaea sp. ‘Genowlan Point’); four others (Hibbertia spanantha Toelken & A.F.Rob, Phebalium bifidum P.H.Weston & M.J.Turton, Plinthanthesis rodwayi (C.E.Hubb.) S.T.Blake, Pomaderris delicata N.G.Walsh & Coates) are likely to be susceptible based on symptoms. The remaining species had few or no plant deaths and no pathogen recovery from the roots. All of the species regarded as highly susceptible are known from single populations. Following these results, subsequent research will assess the efficacy of prophylactic treatment on highly susceptible threatened species, and test whether glasshouse tests are indicative of field responses. Other threatened species will also be tested for susceptibility.
Metatranscriptomic reconstruction reveals RNA viruses with the potential to shape carbon cycling in soil
Authors: Starr Evan P. , Nuccio Erin E. , Pett-Ridge Jennifer , Banfield Jillian F. , Firestone Mary K.
Published: November 2019

Significance

The diversity and ecology of RNA viruses is severely understudied in complex environments. Here we investigate the diversity and community patterns of soil RNA viruses by analyzing assembled metatranscriptomes. We tracked RNA viral and host communities for 22 d in 2 soil environments central to carbon cycling, the rhizosphere and detritosphere. This work is an important step toward understanding the factors that drive RNA viral communities. The main hosts in our system may be Fungi and Proteobacteria; this is in contrast to the ocean, where diatoms and other single cellular eukaryotes are primary hosts for RNA viruses. These results greatly expand the known diversity of viruses and contribute to understanding microbial interactions in soil with major implications for carbon cycling.
Mechanical stress compromises multicomponent efflux complexes in bacteria
Authors: Genova Lauren A. , Roberts Melanie F. , Wong Yu-Chern , Harper Christine E. , Santiago Ace George , Fu Bing , Srivastava Abhishek , Jung Won , Wang Lucy M. , Krzemiński Łukasz , Mao Xianwen , Sun Xuanhao , Hui Chung-Yuen , Chen Peng , Hernandez Christopher J.
Published: November 2019

Significance

The field of mechanobiology examines how physical forces modulate cell physiology and has traditionally focused on eukaryotic organisms. Here we show that in bacteria, mechanical stresses can interrupt the structure and function of a molecular assembly used by Gram-negative bacteria to survive and grow in the presence of toxins. This work provides evidence that bacteria, like mammalian cells, can respond to mechanical forces through molecular complexes at the cell surface in ways that are relevant to growth. Our observations further suggest that mechanical forces may be used synergistically with other antimicrobials.