bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usability evaluation of an academic library website: A case of the University of the Punjab
Authors: Iqbal Memoona , Warraich Nosheen Fatima
Published: March 2021

The focus of the study was the usability evaluation of the Punjab University Library (PUL) website. The main objectives of the study were to ascertain the feelings of website users along with the efficiency of the system with reference to its goals and tasks. Similarly, the adaptability of users to the web and its uses were also determined. The study also dealt with the assistance which may be provided to users to resolve system problems, difficulties and users' opinions about the consistency and standardization of the PUL website. To achieve these objectives, the study was processed through multi-phases. In the first stage a comprehensive literature review was conducted to understand the theoretical and technical aspects of the study. In the second phase, data were collected through a questionnaire instrument that was developed by Oulanov and Pajarillo (2001). A survey of four faculties was conducted which included 13 departments. The population was defined through stratified random sampling method. Data was collected from 300 respondents and was analyzed by using SPSS. Findings of the study reveal that PUL website proves favourable in two out of five criteria particularly in terms of ‘affect' and ‘efficiency'. The data show that affect and efficiency are more outcome oriented than the technical aspects of ‘learnability', ‘control' and ‘helpfulness.' The PU library was rated according to a variety of degrees, specifically ‘learnability' and control which was rated higher than ‘helpfulness.' This is basically the performance measurement that focuses on the user and effect of this process on the users.
Seksueel onaangepast gedrag bij een patiënt met dementie: literatuurreview en casusrapport
Authors: SEAUX C. , GOEDSEELS K. , DE LEPELEIRE J.
Published: March 2021

Sexually inappropriate behaviour in a patient with dementia: literature review and case report

In this paper, the medical history of a 75-year-old man with dementia and sexually inappropriate behaviour (SIB) is described. An overview of the literature regarding the approach and treatment of SIB in persons with dementia was performed. PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane database were consulted, and thirteen articles selected. There are no randomised controlled trials available. The literature is limited to case studies and reviews of case studies. Non-pharmacological treatments are perceived to be the first step, although they are rarely studied. There is no consensus regarding a pharmacological approach. However, all studies suggest the paradigm of “start low and go slow”. A variety of drugs have been described. When starting a pharmacological treatment, it is recommended to keep in mind comorbidities and possible side-effects. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) seem to be the preferred first line treatment if the behaviour is not too harmful. If the behaviour is intrusive, anti-androgens seem to be the drug of choice. Further research is needed: a consensus regarding the definition and the development of a screening tool could support randomised controlled trials concerning pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions. Research concerning ethical dilemmas should, however, not be neglected.
PROTOCOLOS ASSISTENCIAS COMO FERRAMENTA DE TRABALHO NO MANEJO CLÍNICO DA COVID-19 EM UNIDADE TERAPIA INTENSIVA: REVISÃO NARRATIVA
Authors: Arantes Ellen Halitta , Rocha Dinaelza Ribeiro da , Pereira Luciene dos Reis , Nascimento Júlio César Coelho do
Published: March 2021

A infecção pelo Sars-CoV-2, causador da covid-19, se espalhou rapidamente devido ao alto nível de transmissibilidade, tornando-se uma pandemia mundial. Diante desse cenário, as medidas de prevenção são o principal aliado no combate ao vírus. Na UTI, local destina-se a receber pacientes em estado grave, é uma área conducente ao desenvolvimento de infecções relacionadas aos cuidados de saúde. Para prevenir e controlar essas infecções propõe-se a adesão aos protocolos assistenciais de prevenções recomendadas pelo Institute For Healthcare Improvement para auxiliar na organização do trabalho. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo consistiu em realizar uma revisão narrativa sobre os protocolos assistenciais como ferramenta de trabalho no manejo clínico da covid-19 em UTI adulto. Esse tipo de revisão é fundamental na aquisição e atualização de conhecimento sobre uma temática específica. Os artigos foram extraídos das bases de dados: PubMed, BVS e EMBASE. A busca ocorreu em pares, em janeiro de 2021, de forma on-line, utilizando os descritores em Ciências da Saúde e o Medical Subject Headings: Intensive Care Units, Care Bundles, COVID-19 virus e infection. A amostra final foi constituída de 6 artigos e estes foram discutidos com o suporte de outros estudos. Após análise dos dados, os resultados apontaram que a adesão aos pacotes de prevenção nas UTI auxilia na organização do trabalho e, diante desse cenário pandêmico deve ser intensificada para a segurança do paciente e do profissional a fim de promover um cuidado pautado na segurança e qualidade da assistência evitando diminuir as contaminações secundárias
A REESTRUTURAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA COLETA SELETIVA DE FOZ DO IGUAÇU E OS IMPACTOS NA QUALIDADE DE VIDA E TRABALHO DOS CATADORES DE MATERIAIS RECICLÁVEIS COOPERADOS
Authors: De Alcantara Bordignon Michuel Liliane
Published: March 2021

Em 2018 a Prefeitura de Foz do Iguaçu - PR assumiu a operação do Programa Municipal de Coleta Seletiva de Resíduos Recicláveis, dando início a uma reestruturação no Programa com auxílio de investimentos feitos por parceiros. Através das análises teóricas bibliográficas, consulta documental e observação direta intensiva em dois centros de triagem o presente artigo tem o objetivo específico descrever como era o processo de coleta de materiais recicláveis na cidade antes da criação da Cooperativa dos Agentes Ambientais de Foz do Iguaçu.  Analisar quais motivações levaram a participação da prefeitura no Programa e como isso influenciou no processo da coleta seletiva na cidade. Identificar se a reestruturação do Programa gerou impactos e quais na qualidade de vida e no trabalho dos catadores cooperados. As análises do artigo demonstram às mudanças ocorridas e percebidas na vida e no trabalho dos catadores de materiais reciclados, ao longo do tempo e das transformações no Programa.
FIBRINA RICA EM PLAQUETAS NO TRATAMENTO REGENERATIVO ÓSSEO PERIODONTAL: UMA REVISÃO DE ESCOPO
Authors: SANCHES Kamily Alves de Carvalho Chiconelo , OLIVEIRA Laryssa Macedo de , FERES Magda , FERREIRA Juliana , BORDIN Dimorvan , RETAMAL-VALDES Belen
Published: March 2021

Concentrados plaquetários são compostos autógenos obtidos através da centrifugação em alta rotação do sangue venoso. Dentro dos tratamentos periodontais, eles têm sido aplicados por terem excelentes propriedades regenerativas e de neoformação óssea. Esta revisão teve por objetivo responder a seguinte pergunta foco: “Em procedimentos regenerativos ósseos periodontais, o uso da fibrina rica em plaquetas(PRF) sozinha ou combinada com biomateriais, comparada com biomateriais isoladamente, leva a alterações significativas na neoformação óssea, preenchimento de defeitos ósseos ou ganhos dimensionais?”. Uma revisão de escopo foi realizada de acordo com as normas PRISMA-ScR. As bases de dados Medline/pubMed, Scopus e Scielo foram pesquisadas usando termos-chaves e procurando ensaios clínicos aleatorizados realizados em pacientes com diferentes tipos de defeitos ósseos periodontais, que tenham ou não recebido tratamento periodontal, onde foi aplicado em um grupo PRF isoladamente ou em associação com biomaterial, quando comparado com biomateriais isoladamente. A busca eletrônica gerou 2.497 títulos/resumos e 5 artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão. No total, 175 voluntários foram tratados. Os defeitos ósseos de duas e três paredes foram os mais comumente relatados nos estudos. O tempo de acompanhamento variou entre 6 e 12 meses. Quando o PRF foi utilizado no tratamento de defeitos periodontais houve a uma melhora mais evidente nos parâmetros clínicos, incluindo uma diminuição na profundidade do defeito e diminuição da profundidade de sondagem e ganho de inserção. Os resultados desta revisão escopo indicaram que uso de PRF sozinha ou combinada com biomateriais em procedimentos regenerativos ósseos periodontais leva a uma melhora clinicamente relevante na neoformação óssea.
TRANSTORNOS MENTAIS COMUNS EM ESTUDANTES DE ODONTOLOGIA: REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Lacerda da Silva Juana , Grilo Oliveira Nanashara , Santos de Souza Camila Natália , Hirdes Alice , Anziliero Arossi Guilherme
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: Analisar estudos que avaliaram Transtornos Mentais Comuns (TMC) em estudantes de Odontologia através de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, descrevendo características desse transtorno e sua prevalência nessa população. Métodos: foi realizada uma busca e seleção de artigos científicos que abordassem o tema em estudantes de odontologia. Para isso, no período de junho e julho de 2020 foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados eletrônicas Scielo e PubMed, além de busca ativa em referências. Os descritores utilizados foram “transtorno mental” (mental disorders) e “estudantes de odontologia” (dental students), associados pelo operador boleano AND. Resultados: Foram avaliados 14 artigos, publicados de 2011 a 2019, somando um total de 6.136 indivíduos. A prevalência de TMC em estudantes de Odontologia variou entre 30 e 45%, sendo a prevalência de estresse variando de 54 a 79%, ansiedade 50 a 65% e depressão 12 a 62%. Considerações finais: A análise dos estudos demonstra a importância de se estabelecer formas de avaliação precoce, de diagnóstico e tratamento de transtorno mental comum na população de estudantes de odontologia, sendo relevante a adoção de estratégias de prevenção e promoção de saúde mental por parte de políticas públicas e privadas.
OS MODAIS DE TRANSPORTE DE CARGA NO BRASIL
Authors: Ferigato Evandro , DONIZETTI CLARIANO DA SILVA DJALMA
Published: March 2021

Obter o conhecimento pleno dos modais de transporte e uma tarefa árdua, porém quem alcança esse conhecimento com certeza terá vantagem competitiva em qualquer situação estratégica relacionada a transporte e também terá a maior probabilidade de obter êxito em suas escolhas. Com isso, através de pesquisa literal o presente artigo busca descrever as principais aplicações e abordar como funciona a gestão dos diferentes modais de transporte na realidade do Brasil, com o objetivo de ampliar a visão para outros meios de transporte que podem ser aplicados na movimentação de cargas. Onde foi constatado que para alcançar esse objetivo e necessário mais seriedade, investimento e continuidade em projetos voltados ao transporte e infraestrutura, para criação e desenvolvimento de vias e rotas que liguem rodovias, ferrovias e hidrovias aos portos e aeroportos aumentando o fluxo de transporte de cargas, reduzindo custos e tempo de transporte, e ainda garantindo qualidade e confiabilidade em todo o processo.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ СТУДЕНТОВ
Authors: Жанна Айтрошидовна Мусина
Published: March 2021

"Высшее образование играет важную роль в обеспечении профессиональной подготовки конкурентоспособных специалистов для всех отраслей экономики республики в интеграции с наукой и производством. В Государственной программе развития образования в Республике Казахстан на 2011–2020 годы  указано, что большинство работодателей не удовлетворены качеством подготовки специалистов, выпускаемых вузами. Образовательные программы не всегда отвечают ожиданиям работодателей и не соответствуют потребностям экономики. Одним из главных направлений повышения качества образования является формирование у студентов навыков самостоятельной работы. А для этого необходимо научить обучающихся самостоятельно добывать, анализировать, структурировать и эффективно использовать информацию для максимальной самореализации и полезного участия в жизни общества. "
CLIL технологиясы
Authors: Шынар Жанузаковна Сагимбаева  , Айнұр Жұмағалиқызы Отарбаева  , Азамат Еркінұлы  Әбдрахманов
Published: March 2021

"CLIL (Пәндік-тілдік кіріктірілген оқыту) – пәндер шет тілдерінде оқытылатын оқыту әдістемелерін сипаттайтын термин. Тығыз пәнаралық байланыстарға негізделген шет тілдерін оқытуға кіріктірілген көзқарас тілдік емес жоғары оқу орындарында кәсіби оқыту мен білім беруді дамытудың қазіргі заманғы үрдістері мен жолдары тұрғысынан өзекті болып табылады. Бірінші жоспарға келесі ережелер шығады: оқытудың кәсіби бағыты, шет тілді коммуникативтік құзыреттілікті қалыптастыру кезінде белсенді әдістерді қолдану, халықаралық талаптар мен стандарттарға бағдарлану, Ақпараттық технологиялар мен техникалық құралдарды пайдалану, қосымша білім беру қызметтерін ұсыну, дербестікті, өздігінен білім алу және оқыту дағдыларын дамыту. Сонымен бірге, CLIL оқыту тілді үйретудің дәстүрлі сабағымен ұқса стығы аз, онда оны одан әрі мақсатта пайдалану үшін оқытады және тілді жақсы білу мақсаты болып табылады. Пән және тілге ықпалдату оқытқан жағдайда тілді үйрену өз басының қамы болып табылмайды. Тіл оқушыға қызық және қол жетімді тақырыптардың көмегімен үдете оқытылады. Оқытудың қауіпсіз ортасы құрылады, ол ізгіниеттік қарым-қатынас пен бірлесіп оқытуды қолдайды. Шет тілі пән білімін берудің құралы болып қызмет етеді; бағалауға ықпалдандырылған курста шет тлі білімін білумен қатар пән білімін білуі жатады, ол пән мұғалімдері мен шет тіл мұғалімдерінің белсенді өзара қатынасын тұспалдайды. "
STRUCTURE OF THE CULTURE OF PROJECT ACTIVITY OF UNDERGRADUATES
Authors: Anara Yuryevna Khaimuldina  , Sandygul Slyambekovna Mustafina
Published: March 2021

"The article deals with the content and structure of the culture of project activity of undergraduates. The definition of project activity is given, as well as the features that distinguish project activity from other types of activity. The project culture is characterized, which is a broader concept, therefore, below we will use the term «culture of project activity». The structure of the culture of project activity is revealed, which includes an axiological component, a cognitive component, an activity component, a creative component. The axiological component is a set of values that fill the project activity of undergraduates with personal significance. The cognitive component includes knowledge, cognitive interest and readiness for self-study and expansion of the field of knowledge. The activity component reflects the skills and abilities necessary for the successful implementation of project activity. The creative component is characterized by creative abilities and creative thinking, the presence of which allows undergraduates to combine tradition and innovation in the process of performing project activity. "
ҚАЗАҚ ХАЛҚЫНЫҢ ДӘСТҮРЛІ ӘНДЕРІНІҢ ПЕДАГOГИКАЛЫҚ НЕГІЗДЕРІ
Authors: Кумысжан Кайргалиевна Мукашева
Published: March 2021

"Бұл мақалада автор қазақ халқының ерекше мәні бар әнінің рөлін ашады: жан дүниесі, шынайылығы арқасында ол адамдардың жан дүниесіне терең әсер етеді, Отанын, халқын, табиғатын сүюге үйретеді, музыкалық-поэтикалық талғамды дамытады. Халық әні-бұл өнердің өзіндік түрі ғана емес, бұл қоғамдық сананың ерекше формасы және халықтың күнделікті өмірінің ажырамас бөлігі. Халықтың музыкалық мәдениетінің негізі – ән. Әннің жандануы әрқашан халықтық музыкалық өзіндік сананың басталуымен сәйкес келеді. Әнде оқиғалар, фактілер, күнделікті шындық құбылыстары айқын және әр түрлі көрінеді. Әндерден халық шығармашылығының өкілдері музыкалық ырғақ ережелерін, көңіл-күйді дамытады, белгілі бір этникалық топқа тән ерекше музыка осы мәліметтерге негізделген. "
ОЙЫН ОҚУ ПРОЦЕСІ РЕТІНДЕ
Authors: Гульмира Казтаевна Кудиярбекова  , Арна Мейрамовна Искакова  , Айгерим Хасеновна Тахирова
Published: March 2021

"Оқытудың ойын түріне көшуі кездейсоқтық емес. Егер сіз жалықтыратын және монотонды жұмысқа ойын элементтерін қоссаңыз, ол қызығушылықпен және әлдеқайда аз уақытпен жасалатыны белгілі. «Ойнай отырып жұмыс істеу» деген кең таралған ұғым тегін емес, яғни шығармашылық бәсекелестік жағдайында, күйзеліссіз, оңай жұмыс істеу. Сондықтан оқу ойындарын пайдалану оқу процесін жандандыруға, оның тиімділігін арттыруға мүмкіндік береді. Шынында да, дәстүрлі сабақ барысында, ауызша сұрау болған кезде, топтың белгілі бір бөлігі ғана толық құрамда жұмыс істейді: тақтада жауап беріп тұрған студент және пәнге қызығушылық танытқан студенттер бөлігі, ал білім алушылардың қалған бөлігі «ақыл-ойдың енжарлығы» жағдайында болады. Сабақ құрылымында ойындарды қолдану топтың осы немқұрайлы бөлігін оқу материалымен баурап алуға, сауалнамалар кезінде оның белсенділігін арттыруға мүмкіндік береді, бұл студенттердің үлгеріміне жақсы әсер етеді. Сонымен бірге, ойын барысында басқа «қарсыластардың» ойнын бақылай отырып, оқушы қосымша танымдық ақпарат алады, өйткені олар өздерінің және басқалардың қателіктерін анық және тез көрсетеді. "
Requirements to the modern level of the educational process in the field of professional training
Authors: Aubakirova Gulbany Tursynovna  , Kitanova Zhuldyz Karataevna
Published: March 2021

"The main task of education is to provide students with the opportunity to independently set and implement educational goals, evaluate their achievements. The XXI century is the age of education. Thus, our thoughtful, intelligent and motivated learning through computer technology after higher education contributes to students’ interest in learning and their desire for improvement. Modern education is the implementation of quality education, the formation of students’ motivation, the development of professional qualifications. To achieve this goal, a set of measures and tools is needed, such as: improving the quality of educational materials, improving the content used in the lessons, and individual work directly with students. Such an education mechanism provides students with the opportunity to work independently, with the help of various learning tools, and encourages students to realize their potential and learn to work in a team. "
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКИЕ УСЛОВИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИХ КОМПЕТЕНЦИЙ ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ, ПЛАНИРУЮЩИХ START-UP ПРОЕКТЫ
Authors: Майя Сайрановна Каюмова  , Сауле Камалиденовна Ксембаева
Published: March 2021

"В данной статье предпринята попытка выявить педагогические условия, необходимые для формирования исследовательских компетенций. Актуальность данного исследования заключается в том, что исследовательские компетенции рассматриваются с позиции необходимости для тех, кто планирует Start-up проекты. Проведен анализ литературы, по выяснению содержания дефиниций «условия», «педагогические условия», отмечено, что сегодня в педагогической науке содержание терминов и дефиниций постоянно дополняются, наполняются новым пониманием. Данный анализ позволил автору выяснить структуру педагогических условий, их характеристику в данном исследовании, а также содержание в контексте проведенного научного исследования. На основании проведенной работы выявлены педагогические условия формирования исследовательских компетенций обучающихся, планирующих Start-up проекты. Представлена программа спецкурса, и теоретическое обоснование основных его разделов, в соответствии с поставленной целью исследования. "
ВЛИЯНИЕ СРЕДСТВ МАССОВОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИИ НА РАЗВИТИЕ МОЛОДЫХ ПЕДАГОГОВ
Authors: Наталья Михайловна Ушакова  , Валерия Валерьевна Степчук
Published: March 2021

"В статье рассматривается влияние одного из социальных институтов – средств массовой информации на развитие молодых педагогов, анализируются телевизионные информационные материалы. В работе приводятся теоретические основания учёных и исследователей, занимающихся разработкой рекомендаций по развитию педагогов в профессиональной деятельности и положительному влиянию средств массовой информации на профессиональное развитие молодых педагогов, а также описываются функции средств массовой информации, которые могут этому способствовать. В статье также описываются факторы, воздействующие на профессиональное развитие молодых педагогов и условия, при которых может происходить данный процесс. В исследовании анализируется молодёжная информационно-развлекательная передача «Жастар KZ», где в одном из выпусков представлены два молодых педагога. Учителя имеют большие достижения в профессиональной деятельности, занимаются самообразованием и на постоянной основе повышают свой уровень педагогического мастерства. Помимо передачи анализируется и новостной сюжет программы «Ertis aqparat», где темой стал Закон «О статусе педагога». В сюжете описываются основные положения закона, которые могут заинтересовать молодых специалистов. Оба телевизионных материала способствуют развитию педагогических кадров в профессиональном плане. "
ОЦЕНИВАНИЕ ЦЕЛЕЙ И МОТИВАЦИИ СТУДЕНТОВ ПРИ ПЛАНИРОВАНИИ КАРЬЕРЫ И ПРИНЯТИИ КАРЬЕРНЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ
Authors: Айнаш Амангельдыевна Кудышева  , Аскар Алимаулетович Аженов
Published: March 2021

"В данной статье описывается и демонстрируется новый подход к оценке целей и мотивов студентов, участвующих в процессе принятия решений и планирования карьеры. Участники сформировали пять стремлений карьерного роста, оценили каждое стремление по нескольким параметрам (самоэффективность, ожидаемые результаты, чувство призвания, духовное значение и материализм) и завершили измерения концептуально связанных и не связанных переменных. Результаты показали адекватную или сильную внутреннюю непротиворечивость оценок шкалы оценки стремлений, а характер корреляций подтверждает конвергентную. Мы пришли к выводу, что стратегия развития карьеры имеет большой потенциал как гибкий и эффективный инструмент для использования в исследованиях и практике развития карьеры. "
Научно-методические основы базовой подготовки студентов педагогического направления
Authors: Айман Бейсембайқызы Карабалаева  , Салтанат Жарылкасынова Ибадуллаева  , Сергей Витальевич Суматохин  , Шолпан Бейсембайқызы Абилова
Published: March 2021

"В статье рассматривается проблемы обеспечения тесной взаимосвязи педагогической науки и практики с позиции методологии педагогики, изучается ворос о профессиональной подготовки выпускника педагогического вуза и формирования личности молодого преподавателя, конкурентоспособного на рынке труда. Также рассмотрены научно-методические основы базовой подготовки студентов педагогического направления. На примере усвоения будущими педагогами содержания педагогического образования и реализации содержания программы учебной практики анализируется процесс формирования профессиональных компетенций на разных уровнях подготовки педагогических кадров. Интенсивная динамичность развития современного общества, необходимость привития у студентов компетентностей, связанных с постоянным обновлением собственных знаний, требует уделять больше внимания таким компонентам содержания образования как опыт осуществления педагогической деятельности и опыт эмоционально-ценностного отношения. "
TRADUZINDO LORD ALFRED TENNYSON
Authors: Bartilotti Machado Alexandre
Published: March 2021

Nosso objetivo aqui é o de expor uma tradução do poema Ulysses (1842), de Lord Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892). Uma tradução de Ulysses nos parece importante para termos mais uma fonte para investigar as relações entre estudos de gênero, história das mentalidades e representações literárias 1) na Antiguidade homérica e 2) numa relação dialética entre o tempo no qual o poema se passa e o tempo no qual ele é produzido, a Modernidade oitocentista.
CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA NA ANTIGUIDADE AFRICANA
Authors: Júnior Nazito Pereira da Costa
Published: March 2021

Este artigo apresenta uma investigação sobre as produções científicas e tecnológicas ocorridas naantiguidade africana. Discute as várias realizações da ciência e tecnologia nas antigas civilizações doNorte da África e da África subsaariana, como também a cultura e os costumes. Desmistifica a falsaideia de que a África não teve uma história nem teria produzido conhecimento nenhum relevante, alémde ter sido injustamente considerada como civilização obscura e atrasada. Através de pesquisasrelevantes de filósofos europeus, estadunidenses e africanos como Cheikh Anta Diop, Molefi KateAsante e Theophille Obenga abordadas neste trabalho, aponta-se aqui as contribuiçõesepistemológicas, científicas, filosóficas e culturais do antigo Egito e da África subsaariana. Assimsendo, este trabalho explora a África real que existiu na antiguidade onde ocorreu desenvolvimento emdiversas áreas do conhecimento.
Reviewing the Production and Development of ‘Place’ Knowledge in a Recreational Context
Authors: KARAGÖZ Deniz , KAMA Selin
Published: March 2021

The aim of this article is to review the production, development and trends of place knowledge in the field of recreation from a bibliometric perspective. Data was obtained through a search of the terms ‘recreation’, ‘place’, and ‘space’ on the Web of Science database and by filtering research articles. Relational bibliometric techniques were used to analyze 148 articles. The development of spatial knowledge in the field of recreation was determined through centrality analysis and network mapping techniques. In addition, during the research, the most important articles, researchers, institutions and collaborations in the field were defined. According to the research findings, 302 researchers conducted research on recreation and place, either in co-operation with each other or individually, in 43 journals. Place attachment, sense of place and place meaning have been determined as the dominant and main subject areas in the field of recreation.
Distribución de competencias en turismo en los Estados del MERCOSUR
Authors: Del Busto Eugenio
Published: March 2021

El presente analiza el sistema constitucional de distribución de competencias y sus implicancias en turismo, en los países de América Latina que integran, en carácter de Estados Parte, el MERCOSUR, con la finalidad de conocer las potestades de los entes que intervienen en la regulación de la actividad.

Concluye en la importancia de afianzar los procesos de integración en materia turística, con el objeto de cooperar en su desarrollo de manera sustentable. Para ello se propicia la armonización de la normativa, respetando las potestades que emanan de los diferentes sistemas de distribución de competencias.
Anthropophagic Affairs: Le Corbusier, Paulo Prado and New World Revolutions
Authors: Ortiz dos Santos Daniela
Published: March 2021

Este artículo explora la relación entre Le Corbusier y el continente americano. Propongo como enfoque principal, una investigación de sus percepciones previas al viaje transatlántico de 1929. En los años veinte, la visión de América creada por Le Corbusier, se extendió mucho más allá de la esfera estadounidense. Tuvieron influencia en sus representaciones, imaginarios e imágenes del nuevo mundo sus conexiones en el ámbito intelectual, político y artístico franco-brasileño. Los resultados de este trabajo muestran que existía una amplia red de contactos formada por diversos actores, con los cuales Le Corbusier compartía admiración y afinidades. Entre ellos, se destacó el empresario brasileño Paulo Prado como protagonista, quien tuvo influencia directa en la estadía de Le Corbusier en Brasil, involucrándole en ponencias y en proyectos residenciales. Las ideas de Prado sobre la modernización de São Paulo y su participación en el campo intelectual del modernismo brasileño y de la antropofagia -cuyo nombre más destacado es el de Oswald de Andrade-, hacen del empresario una figura relevante, a pesar de poco conocido. Prado no solo fue un simple mecenas responsable por financiar el movimiento antropofágico y los cruces transatlánticos de artistas, sino que su capital social, político e intelectual fue de vital importancia para los intercambios económicos y culturales entre Europa y Brasil, en los años de entreguerras. Es así como Prado toma una especial importancia, por primera vez, para los estudios de Le Corbusier y las Américas. Con estas nuevas líneas de investigación y periodización, a partir de los encuentros entre Prado y Le Corbusier, se abre una nueva narrativa histórica en los estudios sobre las relaciones entre el arquitecto y una elite dispuesta a crear un fresco interés en la economía cultural del de la escena transatlántica.
Le Corbusier y la Ciudad Lineal. A propósito de un doble centenario
Authors: Alonso Pereira José Ramón
Published: March 2021

Hace cien años, en octubre de 1920 aparece en París el primer número de la revista L’Esprit Nouveau, donde Charles-Édouard Jeanneret toma por vez primera el nombre de Le Corbusier, que no le abandonaría nunca. Pocas semanas después, el 6 de noviembre, fallece en Madrid Arturo Soria, creador e impulsor de la Ciudad Lineal. Ambos centenarios pueden ponerse en relación intencionada. Una relación entre dos genios del urbanismo: Soria y Le Corbusier, que venía por lo menos de 1913-15, cuando éste, preparando su estudio La Construction des Villes, calca con trazo decidido una serie de dibujos de la Ciudad Lineal de Madrid y que se prolongaría durante casi cincuenta años, hasta 1958-60, cuando defiende ante André Malraux las Cités Linéaires en lo que probablemente sean sus últimas propuestas sobre Paris. A ese medio siglo de relación entre Le Corbusier y la Ciudad Lineal vamos a dedicar el presente estudio.
COVID-19 and Treatment and Immunization of Children—The Time to Redefine Pediatric Age Groups is Here
Authors:   klausrose Consulting, Riehen, Switzerland, Rose Klaus , Grant-Kels Jane M. ,   UConn Health, Farmington, CT, USA, Ettienne Earl B. ,   Howard University College of Pharmacy, Washington DC, USA, Tanjinatus Oishi ,   Howard University College of Pharmacy, Washington DC, USA, Striano Pasquale ,   Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genova, ‘G. Gaslini’ Institute, Genova, Italy, Neubauer David ,   Department of Child, Adolescent & Developmental Neurology, University Children’s Hospital, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Published: March 2021

Children are infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as often as adults, but with fewer symptoms. During the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) in children (MIS-C), with symptoms similar to Kawasaki syndrome, was described in young minors testing positive for COVID-19. The United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defined MIS-C as occurring in <21-year-olds, triggering hundreds of PubMed-listed papers. However, postpubertal adolescents are no longer children biologically; the term MIS-C is misleading. Furthermore, MIS also occurs in adults, termed MIS-A by the CDC. Acute and delayed inflammations can be triggered by COVID-19. The 18th birthday is an administrative not a biological age limit, whereas the body matures slowly during puberty. This blur in defining children leads to confusion regarding MIS-C/MIS-A. United States and European Union (EU) drug approval is handled separately for children, defined as <18-year-olds, ascribing non-existent physical characteristics up to the 18th birthday. This blur between the administrative and the physiological meanings for the term child is causing flawed demands for pediatric studies in all drugs and vaccines, including those against COVID-19. Effective treatment of all conditions, including COVID-19, should be based on actual physiological need. Now, the flawed definition for children in the development of drugs and vaccines and their approval is negatively impacting prevention and treatment of COVID-19 in minors. This review reveals the necessity for redefining pediatric age groups to rapidly establish recommendations for optimal prevention and treatment in minors.
West African Economic and Monetary Union
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: March 2021

Selected Issues
Democratic Republic of São Tomé
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. African Dept.
Published: March 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is having a severe impact on São Tomé and Príncipe’s economy, exacerbating fiscal and external imbalances. Tourism activities and external remittances dropped sharply, while lockdown measures further deepened the recession. The authorities’ swift actions and unprecedented international financial support are helping the country weather the emergency. The economy began to reopen in the fall, but the outlook for 2021 remains challenging and subject to significant uncertainty.
IDO1 mRNA upregulation was associated with gene body hypermethylation and poor overall survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Chang-Qing , Wang Xue-Bin , Li Shu-Ping , Miao Guo-Ying , Wang Rong , Ma Wen
Published: March 2021

Introduction

This study aimed to explore the potential genetic and epigenetic mechanisms associated with IDO1 mRNA dysregulation in esophageal cancer (ESCA).

Material and methods

Data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)-ESCA and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project were obtained for analysis. Subgroup analysis was performed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (ESAD) respectively.

Results

IDO1 expression was significantly upregulated in ESAD and ESCC tissues than in normal esophagus. Although gene-level copy number alterations were common in both ESAD and ESCC, they were not associated with IDO1 dysregulation. Among 3 CpG sites (cg10262052 and cg08465774 in promoter and cg24188163 in gene body) in IDO1 gene locus examined, only cg10262052 was hypomethylated in cancerous tissues than in normal tissues in ESAD. All 3 sites showed significantly different methylation in ESCC than in normal tissues, among which cg10262052 and cg08465774 were hypomethylated, while cg24188163 was hypomethylated. Correlation analysis confirmed negative correlations between cg10262052/cg08465774 methylation and IDO1 expression while cg24188163 methylation was positively correlated with IDO1 expression (Pearson’s r=0.45) in ESCC patients. Genomic study confirmed that cg24188163 is in the flanking region of an intragenic promoter of IDO1. IDO1 expression had an independent prognostic value in terms of OS in ESCC patients (HR: 1.183, 95%CI: 1.025-1.367, p=0.022), but was not a risk factor of unfavorable OS in ESAD patients.

Conclusions

IDO1 mRNA upregulation was associated with both promoter hypomethylation and gene body hypermethylation in ESCC. Its expression has a specific prognostic value in terms of OS in ESCC, but not in ESAD patients.
Prognostic role of CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jiang Yue , Wang Chenxing , Wang Yanling , Zhang Wei , Liu Laikui , Cheng Jie
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell (MDSC) is critically involved in cancer immune suppression and its density has been recognized as a robust prognostic biomarker. Here, we sought to characterize the densities and locations of CD11b+ MDSCs in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and determine their prognostic significance.

Material and methods

A total number of 144 eligible OSCC samples from a tertiary referral oral cancer center were retrospectively collected. Intensities of CD11b+ MDSCs at tumor center (CT) and invasive margin (IM) in OSCC samples were detected by immunohistochemistry and automatically quantified using Image J software. The optimal cutoff values for CD11b CT and CD11b IM were determined by X-tile based on overall survival. The associations between CD11b+ MDSCs and clinicopathological parameters were assessed by the Chi-square test. The prognostic value of CD11b+ MDSCs was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier plots, Cox regression analyses and receiver operating characteristics curves.

Results

High density of CD11b+ MDSCs at CT or IM significantly associated with inferior overall and disease-free survival (Kaplan-Meir, P < 0.05, Log-rank test). CD11b CT and CD11b IM were identified as independent prognostic predictors for patient survival. The prediction accuracy and specificity of CD11b CT and CD11b IM were superior to other prognostic parameters.

Conclusions

Our data indicated that increased densities of CD11b+ MDSCs at CT and IM regions significantly associated with poor prognoses which might be novel prognostic factors for OSCC.
The outcomes of multivisceral resection for primary T4b colorectal cancer in a tertiary referral centre: a propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Włodarczyk Marcin , Maryńczak Kasper , Gajewski Przemysław , Trzciński Radzisław , Mik Michal , Dziki Adam , Hill Andrew , Dziki Łukasz
Published: March 2021

Introduction

A multivisceral resection (MVR) is often necessary for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) because the tumour must be removed en bloc with the infiltrated tissues. The outcomes of MVR are variably presented in the literature. This study aimed to analyse mortality and morbidity of MVR in patients with CRC.

Material and methods

This retrospective study was performed using the Department of General and Colorectal Surgery database of 2204 patients operated on for CRC. Patients with MVR due to stage pT4b primary CRC were the study group. Patients with no sign of intraoperative infiltration into contiguous structures who had undergone a traditional resection qualified for the control group. Mortality and morbidity for both groups were compared using a propensity score matching analysis.

Results

Patients with no sign of intraoperative infiltration into contiguous structures, who had undergone a traditional resection, qualified for the control group, while 117 patients with MVR due to stage pT4b primary CRC were included in the study group. Early post-operative mortality was not significantly increased in the MVR group (3.4% vs. 1.4%; p = 0.284). The mean operative time was significantly longer in the MVR group (p < 0.001). The 5-year absolute survival rate was significantly higher in the MVR group (76.7%) than in the control group (57.0%; p = 0.004).

Conclusions

MVR in pT4 CRC is not linked to a higher risk of significant post-operative complications compared to standard resections. Patients with CRC with involvement of contiguous structures, who undergo an MVR, do not appear to have worse long-time outcome than those who do not have involvement of contiguous structures.
Cardiovascular complications according to severity of renal artery stenosis based on Doppler ultrasound
Authors: Artyszuk Łukasz , Symonides Bartosz , Gaciong Zbigniew , Szmigielski Cezary
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The interactions between atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, independently of severity, and cardiovascular risk, and mortality, are
complex and have not been fully researched. The aim of this study was
the assessment of the risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in patients
with haemodynamically non-significant (NS-RAS) and significant renal artery stenosis (S-RAS) diagnosed with ultrasonography.

Material and methods

The study group consisted of all consecutive patients (n = 2059) who underwent Doppler ultrasound of the renal arteries
during a 4-year period. The patients were divided, according to the renal
aortic ratio (RAR), into the following groups: S-RAS (RAR ≥ 3.5), NS-RAS
(1 < RAR < 3.5), and normal RAR (control group; RAR ≤ 1). The risk of cardiovascular events and death was estimated using Cox’s proportional hazard
model, including severity of RAS, age, and gender, based on the data from
the National Health Fund on causes of hospitalization, deaths, and statistics
on percutaneous coronary angioplasty procedures.

Results

Significant renal artery stenosis was found in 112 patients (5.4%),
NS-RAS in 313 patients (15.2%), and 1634 patients (79.4%) were qualified to
the control group. The NS-RAS group had an increased risk of stroke (7.0% vs.
3.0%, HR = 1.77, p = 0.032); S-RAS patients were at increased risk of heart failure (16.1% vs. 5.2%, HR = 2.19, p = 0.002) and death (19.6% vs. 4.3%, HR = 3.08,
p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The presence of haemodynamically non-significant renal artery stenosis is an indicator of systemic atherosclerotic changes in vital organs and an important cardiovascular risk factor for stroke.
The Impact of Investor Sentiment on Return of Different Industries in Pakistan
Authors: Et al., Sumayya Chughtai
Published: March 2021

We classify stocks in different industries to measure industrial sentiment based on principle component analysis in order to examine whether investor sentiment exerts a differential impact on stock returns across different industries. After having constructed industry-level sentiment indices we construct a composite investor sentiment index. Our results suggest that investor sentiment negatively affects current as well as future stock returns in Pakistan over the examined period. However, we find that the influence of investor sentiment varies substantially across different industries. We also find that the market sentiment index has a negative relationship with both current and future stock returns. We also show that the direction of the relationship between return and sentiment remains same for the current and future period. This indicates that investors overreact to the available information and mispricing exists for a prolonged time. Our results confirm that sentiment driven mispricing persists for upcoming time and stock markets are not fully efficient to adjust instantaneously.
Analysis of Merger and Acquisition in Pakistan
Authors: Et al., Safiullah Khan
Published: March 2021

We examine the financial performance of firms in the post-Merger and acquisition period for firms listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange by exploring various motives of merger and acquisitions offered by theoretical and empirical literature. Specifically, we explore these motives in the context of the theory of synergy, agency theory and behavioral finance perspectives. Empirical results for agency theory shows the presence of empire building motives that lead to the underperformance of firms in post-merger and acquisition period. The study finds no support for managerial risk aversion hypothesis of agency theory in Pakistani market. Empirical results do not find any evidence to support the presence of managerial hubris or overconfidence proposition but we do find evidence in support of the escalation of commitment hypotheses and its impact on post-merger and acquisition performance.
Prospective Teachers’ Perspective Regarding a New Teachers’ Development Program in Two of the Government Colleges of Education in Gilgit-Baltistan
Authors: Et al., Asif Khan
Published: March 2021

In order to address the gaps of traditional teachers’ development programs, the government of Pakistan, with the financial support of United States’ Aids for International Development, (USAID) launched a new teachers’ preparation program called Advance Diploma in Education. While collecting data, this study particularly sought the opinions of those prospective teachers who had completed their programs. Therefore, the study focused on matters such as the availability of teaching positions, pay scales, the curriculum of the ADE program, teaching approaches and the availability of instructional resources. It was noted that there was recognition among the students and instructors about the productivity and the usefulness of the new ADE program. Additionally, there was an acknowledgment that a new generation of teachers is being produced through the ADE program that will really change the dynamics of classrooms in Pakistan. However, it seemed that a number of issues, such as limited employment opportunities for ADE graduates, lack of coherent recruitment policies, and the continuation of the traditional program, were some of the primary concerns of both the students and instructors.
In-Service Teachers’ Training Program: A step towards quality Education
Authors: Et al., Rooh ul Amin
Published: March 2021

Teachers are the key factor in promoting quality of education at grass root level. They ought to be kept themselves abreast with the modern approaches in promoting quality of education and get acquainted with professional training for the effective teaching-learning process. The primary aim of the study was to explore the effectiveness of in-service teacher training programs on professional excellence of teachers in promoting quality of education. A total of 75 respondents constitute the sample of the study. A close-ended questionnaire with five point Likert scale was designed and subjected for data collection. The collected data was treated with chi-square statistics. Result indicated that the objectives of the in-service teacher programs were not clearly articulated to teachers, teachers we problem-solving to enroll in in-service teacher programs, the institutes offering in-service teacher training programs lacks the provision of physical facilities, majority of the courses fails to ensures creativity among in-service teachers regarding problem solving approach, A.V. aids were not subjected in teaching-learning process, in-service teachers were not involved in transactional approaches during the training, and organization among theory and practice were lacking. In the light of results, it was recommended that proper articulation of objectives of the program ought to be done to all in–service teachers, proper allocation of funds may be elicited to avoid lacks of physical facilities, and gaps between theory and practice may be removed that the actual crux of the program may be achieved in real sense.
Barriers to Successful Integration of ICT in Education in Baltistan Region
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Education is the backbone of any nation and nowadays ICT is becoming the backbone of the education system of any country. The government of Pakistan’s efforts of Integration ICT can be seen in Pakistan’s three policy documents; National Education Policy (2009), National Professional Standard for Teachers in Pakistan (NPSTP) and National ICT strategy. The integration of ICT in Education is inevitable for the survival of teachers in this information society. In the whole country, these policies are not producing the desired educational results and the performance remained unsatisfactory. This research paper was formulated with the intention to acquire the basic hurdle persist behind not acquiring the required anticipated result of ICT specifically in Gilgit Baltistan. In order to get into the severity of this matter different methodology of facts findings were adopted and for this specific matter, Questionnaire/interview method was practiced. As per the Quantitative methodology of questionnaires the finding shows a positive perception of age 30-39 towards the use of ICT, more than 90% of all ages believed in the importance of ICT integration in classrooms. Teachers voted for electricity and infrastructure problems and lack of technical support by authorities as main barriers while some female teachers were found with the thoughts that social/cultural/ethical values are barriers for them to integrate ICT in their courses. These finding will help to propose some strategies to improve successful ICTs integration in Gilgit Baltistan