bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of parents education on their daughters higher education in Khyber pukhtoonkhwa, Pakistan
Authors: Sultankheil Rooh ul Amin , Ahmad Shabir , Rashid Jan Abdur
Published: September 2021

The current research in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa looked at parents' education on their daughters' higher education. The researchers wanted to see how their parents' education influences their daughters' academic motivation. The study included male parents from Dir lower, Dir higher, and Swat. A sample of 360 male parents was chosen using the L.R Gay sample sorting table. A questionnaire was developed, and the Likert scale was provided five choices. Thus the data was collectedon random policy from the selected male parents. The data was entered into SPSS, analyzed with version-22, and percentage and chi-square analysis were used to interpret it. The research discovered that their parents' high educational levels positively influenced their daughters' higher education. The study recommends that the government educate society and parents in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, to improve girls' literacy.
PROSEDUR PENANGANAN DOKUMEN KAPAL MUATAN CURAH KERING DI DERMAGA TUKS INALUM PADA PT.GESURI LIOYD CABANG KUALA TANJUNG
Authors: Lilis Lilis , Fransiska Eka , Situmeang Cindy Ivana Uliarti
Published: September 2021

Abstrak. Tugas dari perusahaan pelayaran, PT. Gesuri Lloyd Cabang Kuala Tanjung yaitu menangani dokumen dari kapal yang akan tiba dan berangkat sampai kapal selesai melakukan aktifitas bongkar/muat barang didermaga pelabuhan Terminal Untuk Kepentingan Sendiri (TUKS) INALUM. Sebagai agen pelayaran wajib mengetahui prosedur penanganan dokumen kapal tiba dan berangkat, karena kegiatan tersebut adalah kegiatan inti dari operasional perusahaan pelayaran yang bergerak di bidang keagenan. Dermaga TUKS INALUM merupakan singkatan dari Terminal Untuk Kepentingan Sendiri yang berarti tidak untuk kepentingan umum dikarenakan salah satu perusahaan besar memiliki dermaganya sendiri yaitu PT. INALUM (Indonesia Asahan Aluminium). PT. Gesuri Lloyd Cabang Kuala Tanjung bekerja sama dengan perusahaan bongkar muat yaitu PT. Kuala Jaya Samudera dan PT. Duet Pratama Samudera. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan menjelaskan prosedur penanganan dokumen kedatangan dan keberangkatan kapal di pelabuhan TUKS INALUM dan untuk mengetahui instansi-instansi terkait dalam prosedur penanganan dokumen kapal dipelabuhan TUKS INALUM. Instansi-instansi yang terkait di Kuala Tanjung menjalin kerja sama yang baik kepada perusahaan PT. Gesuri Lloyd Kuala Tanjung, tetapi terkadang terdapat kendala dalam menangani dokumen baik itu disebabkan oleh alat untuk bongkar maupun petugas yang terlibat didalam nya sehingga mengkibatkan keterlambatan dalam menangani dokumen. Metode yang dilakukan untuk pengumpulan data adalah metode observasi atau pengamatan, interview atau wawancara, studi pustaka dan dokumentasi.
PERANAN BAGIAN OPERASIONAL DALAM MENANGANI KEDATANGAN DAN KEBERANGKATAN KAPAL ASING PADA PT. ALTA MARITIM INDONESIA CABANG MEDAN BELAWAN
Authors: Dirhamsyah Dirhamsyah , Rispianti Dina , Situmeang Ayu Damaianti
Published: September 2021

Abstrak. Pada dasarnya peranan bagian operasional dalam menangani kedatangan dan keberangkatan kapal asing tidak terlepas dari batas-batas dan tanggung jawab dari perusahaan pelayaran karena pentingnya peranan operasioanl pada perusahaan pelayaran PT. Alta Maritim Indoneia Medan menerapkan fungsi dan proses manajemen dalam kegiatan sehari-hari. Dimana penerapan fungsi manajemen tersebut berasal dari perencanaan perusahaan mempunyai tujuan tertentu, dimana tujuan merupakan suatu tantangan dalam mencapai tujuan, dalam mencapai tersebut adalah perencaan manajer dapat menangani masalah atau kegiatan yang telah digariskan dalam perencanaan PT. Alta Maritim Indoneia Medan. Dalam melaksanakan clearance yang perlu agar dapat dimengerti dan diikuti dengan baik, maka yang perlu diamati misalnya proses pengurusan clearance dilaksanakan oleh agen dengan instansi â€“ instansi yang berwenang, seperti kantor Otoritas Pelabuhan, Bea dan Cukai, Imigrasi, Karantina lancarnya proses penanganan clearance berarti lancarnya masuk dan keluarnya kapal dari pelabuhan sesuai dengan rencana pelayaran. Sebaliknya terjadinya hambatan karena terkendalanya pengurus dokumen muatan, habisnya masa berlaku dokumen atau kurang harmonisnya komunikasi pendekatan antara agen dengan salah satu atau beberapa instansi yang berwewenang.Tidak lancarnya efisien proses pengurusan clearanceakan menimbulkan resiko antara lain meningkatnya biaya operasi kapal yang dipelabuhan dengan hilang nya hari layar kapal yang telah direncanakan dalam commintion days kapal.
Kumbang Lepidiota stigma f. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Pada Musim Penerbangan MT 2019/2020 di Kebun Mumbul, Jember
Authors: Wiratmoko Deva Andika , Supriyanto Agus , Karyadi Karyadi , Achadian Etik Mar'ati
Published: September 2021

Hama uret Lepidiota stigma F. merupakan hama penting pada pertanaman tebu di lahan kering (tegalan). Survei terakhir yang dilakukan P3GI menunjukkan lebih dari 18 pabrik gula di Jawa yang bermasalah dengan uret. Pengendalian terpadu merupakan cara pengendalian yang dianjurkan. Monitoring populasi hama dengan light trap sangat membantu tindakan pengendalian lebih efektif dan efisien. Pemanfaatan light trap untuk monitoring dan memusnahkan kumbang L. stigma telah dilakukan di kebun Mumbul, Jember pada musim tanam 2019/2020. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan kumbang betina lebih banyak tertangkap dan ± 96,27% kumbang betina tertangkap mengandung telur yang siap diletakkan dalam ovariumnya. Puncak penerbangan kumbang L. stigma terjadi ± 3 minggu setelah hujan deras yang pertama turun di kebun Mumbul. Adapun penerbangan harian kumbang lebih banyak terjadi antara pukul 18.00-19.00 WIB.
Pengaruh Long Hot Water Treatment terhadap Perkecambahan dan Produksi Benih Tebu Bagal Mata 1 dan 2
Authors: Jati Wiwit Wicaksono , Kristini Ari , Putra Lilik Koesmihartono
Published: September 2021

Salah satu penyakit penting terbawa benih adalah penyakit pembuluh yang disebabkan bakteri Leifsonia xyli sub sp xyli.  Perlakuan LHWT dapat mengendalikan penyakit tersebut tetapi menyebabkan penurunan perkecambahan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh LHWT terhadap perkecambahan beberapa varietas tebu bina dan produksi benih tebu varieta bina. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2015, di P3GI Pasuruan Jawa Timur. Bahan yang digunakan yaitu benih tebu 5 varietas, fungisida benomil 0,6 gram/liter, urea 3,6 gram/liter. Peralatan yang digunakan yaitu water tank, termometer, waring, drum atau ember besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi. Petak utama terdiri dari 5 varietas yaitu PSDK 923, Bululawang, VMC 76-16, PSJK 922, PS 862. Anak petak terdiri dari 6 perlakuan yaitu kontrol benih bagal mata 1 dan mata 2, LHWT dengan perendaman larutan fungisida dan urea pada bagal mata 1, LHWT dengan perendaman larutan fungisida dan urea pada bagal mata 2, perawatan air panas suhu 50 0C 10 menit diikuti LHWT dan perendaman pada larutan fungisida dan urea pada bagal mata 1, dan perawatan air panas suhu 500C 10 menit diikuti LHWT dan perendaman pada larutan fungisida dan urea pada bagal mata 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pre treatment pada suhu 50 0C 10 menit yang diikuti LHWT dengan perendaman dalam larutan fungisida dan urea 20 menit pada benih tebu bagal mata 1 dan 2 dapat mengurangi penurunan perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan tebu lebih baik dibandingkan dengan post treatment tunggal. LHWT yang diikuti pre treatmen dapat meningkatkan produktivitas benih tebu dibandingkan LHWT tanpa pre treatmen.
Youth Unemployment in Mexico and Central America
Authors: Caceres Luis Rene
Published: September 2021

The objective of this paper is to identify the variables that determine female and male youth unemployment rates, as well as female and male self-employment rates, in Mexico and Central American countries. The methodology of the analysis rests on the estimation of VAR models with panel data from the period 1990-2018. The results indicate that there are gender differences in the behaviour of unemployment and self-employment rates: remittances increase female unemployment, but not male unemployment; the human development index and economic growth rate reduce male unemployment, but not female unemployment. In addition, female and male self-employment rates fall with the rise in the human development index, but only the male one falls to rising economic growth. These results had not been reported in the literature. The paper also presents a review of labor market developments in Latin America associated with the Covid pandemic. The main recommendation from this paper is that social policies related to unemployment must take explicit steps to address the difficulties young women face in the labour market. This paper is original since there are very few studies of youth unemployment for Latin American countries; it is the first to be based on the estimation of VAR models. The work concludes with a number of policy recommendations that should be put in place to combat the “culture” of abuse and discrimination faced by women in the labour market.
Tribonacci and Tribonacci-Lucas Hybrinomials
Authors: Taşyurdu Yasemin , Polat Yunis Emre
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we introduce Tribonacci and Tribonacci-Lucas hybrinomials and derive these hybrinomials by the matrices. We present Binet formulas, generating functions, exponential generating functions and summation formulas, some properties of these hybrinomials. Moreover, we obtain relationship between the Tribonacci and Tribonacci-Lucas hybrinomials.
Een gelijk speelveld voor EU-ondernemingen?
Authors: Dekker C.T.
Published: September 2021

Een gelijk speelveld voor EU-ondernemingen? De staatssteunregeling in de handels- en samenwerkingsovereenkomst tussen de EU en het VK

In de Handels- en Samenwerkingsovereenkomst tussen de EU en het VK beoogt de EU met afspraken over subsidiecontrole de vervalsing van concurrentie door subsidies aan Britse ondernemingen tegen te gaan. In deze bijdrage wordt nagegaan in hoeverre de afspraken tussen de EU en het VK inderdaad voorzien in een regime in het VK dat op het gebied van – in EU-termen – staatssteun een gelijk speelveld waarborgt en wat kan worden ondernomen tegen steunverlening die in strijd met de gemaakte afspraken verstrekt wordt. Daarbij zal ook de ‘Subsidy Control Bill’ – het op 30 juni 2021 bij het ‘House of Commons’ ingediende wetsvoorstel voor een ‘Subsidy Control Act’ – in de beschouwing worden meegenomen.

Handels- en Samenwerkingsovereenkomst tussen de Europese Unie en de Europese Gemeenschap voor Atoomenergie, enerzijds, en het Verenigd Koninkrijk van Groot-Brittannië en Noord-Ierland, anderzijds, ondertekend op 24 december 2020 (PbEU 2021, L 149/10).
A Study on the Effect of Integrated Ozone and UVC-LED Approaches on the Reduction of Salmonella typhimurium Bacteria in Droplets
Authors: Lee Jee-Hyun , Dinh Trieu-Vuong , Song Chang-Seon , Hong Kee-Jong , Kim Jo-Chun
Published: September 2021

In the wake of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, inactivating bioaerosols became a pivotal issue which helps to prevent the transmittance of SARS-CoV-2. Thus, the current study was conducted to investigate a potential inactivating method using both ozone (O3) and ultraviolet C (UVC). Individual and integrated effects of O3 and UVC were compared. A solution containing approximately 4~7.3×106 CFU/mL of Salmonella typhimurium bacteria was used to produce bacteria droplets. These droplets were exposed to O3 and UVC to determine the reduction rate of bacteria. The exposure times were set as 1 and 30 minutes. Ozone concentrations were 100 and 200 ppmv. UVC-LEDs were used as a UVC source. Peak wavelength of the UVC-LED was 275 nm and the irradiation dose was 0.77 mW/cm2. In terms of O3 and UVC-LED interaction, 194 ppmv styrene was used as a target compound to be removed. Considering the O3 and UVC-LED interaction, the presence of O3 could reduce the performance of the UVC-LED, and UVC-LED could also reduce significant amount of O3. The sequence of O3 and UVC-LED treatment was as follows: O3 was exposed at first, then UVC-LED, and this order showed the best reduction ratio (>99.9%). Therefore, if O3 and UVC-LED is used to disinfect Salmonella typhimurium bacteria contained in droplets, bacteria should be separately exposed to O3 and UVC-LED in order to improve the inactivation efficiency.
Experimental study and mathematical modelling of the corrosi-on inhibition of mild steel with an organic compound in 1 M HCl
Authors: Boukhedena Wafia , Deghboudj Samir
Published: September 2021

In this paper, synthesized organic compound of the family of ketene dithioacetal was studied as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid by gravimetric measurement. The aim of this work is to study the effect of inhibitor concentration and the temperature on the resistance, corrosion and to compare the experimental results with mathematical models. The structural properties were performed using scanning electron microscopy technique. It has been found that the inhibition efficiency, increases with increasing inhibitor concentration. The adsorption of studied compounds on mild steel surface follows Langmuir’s isotherm. Obtained data were analyzed by suggesting two mathematical models based on linear and quadratic regression, taking into account the influence of concentration and temperature on the inhibition efficiency. Obtained experimental data were in good agreement with those predicated by the quadratic model
Application of modern form of training in the proces of educating candidates on air traffic controllers
Authors: Gorczyca Joanna , Burek Monika , Mrozowska Joanna , Puchalski Wojciech , Roguszewski Michał
Published: September 2021

The research problem raised in the article is gathering experience and determining the possibilities of implementing modern forms of training used when training candidates for air traffic controllers. For the exercise of determining the separation time between aircraft with different maximum take-off masses, an application was created as part of the research program. As the applied research method, trainees' testing of the developed application at the training center can be considered. They had the opportunity to test the functionality and usefulness of software and ergonomics of created application. During application testing, students shared numerous comments on the usability and application's functions. It was confirmed that virtual reality helps recognize the silhouettes of aircraft and their learning thanks to the possibility of their actual presentation. The possibility of training the use of separation in air traffic before the simulator training starts would lead to preparation and visualization of theoretical knowledge in practical application. Creating an application to determine the separation time between aircraft with different maximum take-off masses has excellent potential for use in the training center. The development of the application consisting in extending this possibility would allow creating a tool that, in addition to training, would also be used as software for conducting internal examinations of the acquired knowledge during the subsequent stages of training.
Public Corporate Governance kommunaler Unternehmen
Authors: Weiser-Saulin Eric
Published: September 2021

Public corporate governance of municipal enterprises is a concept of corporate management and control that is already being applied in municipal practice, but has not yet become comprehensively established as a management concept in municipalities. The work presents the legal basis of this concept and shows the obstacles that legally and actually stand in its way. With the developed model code for the municipalities in Baden-Württemberg, a practical solution is presented, by means of which a uniform Public Corporate Governance can be implemented in privately and publicly owned municipal enterprises without great effort.
Legitimität, Sicherheit, Autonomie
Authors: Orrù Elisa
Published: September 2021

This book examines the current dynamic and momentous development of European security policy. In doing so, it provides an important and original contribution to both practical philosophy and to the fields of security studies and European studies. Using concrete analyses and by offering possible solutions to certain problems, the book develops an approach that is embedded in reality and which, at the same time, insists on theory and normativity. It focuses on the characteristics of new security technologies and ways in which security is understood as well as their influence on the ‘Copernican Revolution’ of the modern age, through which individuals and the protection of their fundamental rights have become the focus of political legitimation.
Künstliche Intelligenz, Haftung und Kartellrecht
Authors: Veith Charlotte
Published: September 2021

Artificial intelligence influences and changes all areas of social and economic life and consequently raises numerous legal questions regarding the liability for artificial intelligence. The examination of civil liability forms the basis for establishing a generell assesment of the legal framework. The examination of the interplay between antitrust law and artificial intelligence is of particular importance, since artificial intelligence is used in different markets to develop and pursue competitive strategies. Therefore the main focus of this study is to answer the question of whether and to what extent the liability framework in civil law and antitrust law is adequately tailored to the risk potential of artificial intelligence or if it needs to be adapted.
Das Original in der Fotografie im Lichte des Urheberrechts
Authors: Pohlhausen Philine
Published: September 2021

While photography is an essential part of the art market today, specific difficulties arise in identifying the original. After a brief outline of art history, Philine Pohlhausen examines how the concept has developed in copyright law against the background of the wide artistic range of this medium. Guidelines for legal theory and the art trade are formulated, which are particularly applicable to the resale royalties. They offer solutions for handling multiple or posthumous prints and for restoration by reprinting. The author furthermore analyses how the photography market can be better protected against forgery and proposes a definition of the original applicable to photography in copyright law.
Das Recht auf Homeoffice in der Pandemie
Authors: Visser Laura , Voigt Philipp , Vraetz Marko
Published: September 2021

The coronavirus pandemic and its long-term impact on our working life have been discussed extensively since the first outbreaks of COVID-19: In particular, this included the opportunity of working remotely. Whereas, before the pandemic, only 12% of German employees had ever worked from home, in February 2021 one in two worked remotely at least for a few hours a week. The desire to work from home will have legal relevance if the contracting parties want to derive any claim from mutual protective duties in an exceptional situation such as a worldwide pandemic. Moreover, this wish raises the question of how a legal right to work from home could be implemented by law in compliance with fundamental rights.
Fibrinogen to Albumin Ratio Predicts Burden of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with NSTEMI
Authors: DEMİR Muhammed , ÖZBEK Mehmet , AKTAN Adem , ERTAŞ Faruk
Published: September 2021

Objective: Fibrinogen plasma level rises in the event of inflammatory cases. It is known that there is a powerful intercourse between fibrinogen level and plasma viscosity. Albumin plasma level dropes during the inflammatory cases. The aim of this work determine significance of fibrinogen albumin ratio (FAR) as a indicator emphases the burden of atherosclerosis.

Method: The study included 83 patients diagnosed with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) between January and September 2015. The definition of NSTEMI was made according to “Definition of Third Universal Myocardial Infarction” guidelines published on 2013 by European Society of Cardiology. Burden of atherosclerosis was evaluated by Syntax score (SS) and Gensini Score. Patients were seperated two groups as medium-high SS (n=23) and low SS (n=60). FAR levels were compared.

Results: FAR was 80.71 ± 30.3 in low SS group and 120 ± 49.72 in the mid-high SS group respectively (p
Perception of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Personnel on Society Recommendations on Personal Protective Equipment, Case Selection, and Scope Cleaning During Covid-19 Pandemic: An International Survey Study
Authors: Mekaroonkamol Parit , Tiankanon Kasenee , Pittayanon Rapat , Ridtitid Wiriyaporn , Shams Fariha , Tayyab Ghias Un Nabi , Massaad Julia , Chawla Saurabh , Khoo Stanley , Attasaranya Siriboon , Pausawasdi Nonthalee , Cai Qiang , Ratanachu-ek Thawee , Kongkham Pradermchai , Rerknimitr Rungsun
Published: September 2021

Background/Aims: The Thai Association for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy published recommendations on safe endoscopy during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This study aimed to assess the practicality and applicability of the recommendations and the perceptions of endoscopy personnel on them.Methods: A validated questionnaire was sent to 1290 endoscopy personnel globally. Of these, the data of all 330 responders (25.6%) from 15 countries, related to the current recommendations on proper personal protective equipment (PPE), case selection, scope cleaning, and safety perception, were analyzed. Ordinal logistic regression was used to determine the relationships between the variables.Results: Despite an overwhelming agreement with the recommendations on PPE (94.5%) and case selection (95.5%), their practicality and applicability on PPE recommendations and case selection were significantly lower (p=0.001, p=0.047, p<0.001, and p=0.032, respectively). Factors that were associated with lower sense of safety in endoscopy units were younger age (p=0.004), less working experience (p=0.008), in-training status (p=0.04), and higher national prevalence of COVID-19 (p=0.003). High prevalent countries also had more difficulty implementing the guidelines (p<0.001) and they considered the PPE recommendations less practical and showed lower agreement with them (p<0.001 and p=0.008, respectively). A higher number of in-hospital COVID-19 patients was associated with less agreement with PPE recommendations (p=0.039).Conclusions: Using appropriate PPE and case selection in endoscopic practice during a pandemic remains a challenge. Resource availability and local prevalence are critical factors influencing the adoption of the current guidelines.
Efficacy and adverse events related to the initial dose of methimazole in children and adolescents with Graves’ disease
Authors: Lee Hyun Gyung , Yang Eun Mi , Kim Chan Jong
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The first-line antithyroid drug for children and adolescents with Graves’ disease (GD) is methimazole (MMI). This study evaluated the relationship between the initial MMI dose and the clinical course of GD after treatment.Methods: We studied the efficacy of the initial MMI dose and the relationship between the initial MMI dose and adverse events (AEs). We retrospectively enrolled 22 males and 77 females and divided those subjects into 3 groups according to the initial dose of MMI: <0.4 mg/kg/day (group A; n=32); 0.4–0.7 mg/kg/day (group B; n=39); and >0.7 mg/kg/day (group C; n=28).Results: The mean time to the normalization of free thyroxine (fT4) levels upon initial treatment was 5.64, 8.61, and 7.98 weeks in groups A, B, and C, respectively (P=0.116). The incidence of liver dysfunction, neutropenia, and skin rash was 12.5%, 20.5%, and 42.9% in groups A, B, and C, respectively (P=0.018). Neutropenia, as a severe AE, was absent in group A, but its prevalence was 7.7% in group B and 21.4% in group C (P=0.015). When comparing only groups B and C, the incidences of liver dysfunction and neutropenia were higher in group C (P=0.04 and P=0.021, respectively).Conclusion: The mean time to the normalization of fT4 levels did not differ among the 3 groups, but the incidence of AEs was higher in the groups that received high MMI doses. High doses of MMI (>0.7 mg/kg/day) should be reconsidered as an initial treatment for children and adolescents with GD.
Samlede anmeldelser
Authors: Det Danske Sprog- og Litteraturselskab Redaktionen
Published: September 2021

Anmeldelser af:

Ole Togeby: Mie Fem. Nielsen og Svend Skriver (red.): Metodekogebogen – 130 analysemetoder fra humaniora og samfundsvidenskab

Simon Skovgaard Boeck: Bodil Ejrnæs: Gammeldansk Bibel. Studier i en dansk bibeloversættelse fra middelalderen

Kjeld Kristensen: Georg Stubkjær Adamsen m.fl. (red.): Dialekter i rigt mål

Anna Sandberg: Stephan Michael Schröder: Literatur als Bellographie. Der Krieg von 1864 in der dänischen Literatur

Jens Kramshøj Flinker: Torsten Bøgh Thomsen: Skyggepunkter. Menneske, natur og materialitet i H.C. Andersens forfatterskab

Karin Sanders: Johnny Kondrup: Bjergtaget. Illusion og forf.relse fra Søren Kierkegaard til Karen Blixen

Kristian Himmelstrup: Henrik Yde: NEXØ - Martin Andersen Nexøs liv og værk

Erik Skyum-Nielsen: Jan Inge Sørbø: Nynorsk litteraturhistorie
The analysis of intraschool democratic environment of the Russian schools
Authors: Vasyuk Andrei Andreevich
Published: September 2021

The subject of this research is the intraschool environment of the Russian schools, while the object is the level of its democratic nature. The article contains the analysis of democratic environment of public schools in the Luhansk People's Republic, which is reflected in the work of the school self-government. Analysis is conducted on the opinion of administration, pedagogues, psychologists, social educators, students, students’ parents, residents of the localities, public figures, etc. The research is based on the original questionnaire and interview that clarifies the answers of respondents. The author examines the educational process of formation of civic culture, impact of social disciplines and humanities upon the development of civic culture of students, ability of the schools to ensure social protection of their students etc. The conclusion is made on the low level of democratization of intraschool environment in the Luhansk People’s Republic; however, the effectiveness of school self-government aimed at formation of civic culture is evident. The author determines six factors that increase the effectiveness of school self-government: the representatives of school self-government should address the actual needs of students; work should produce certain results; cognitive abilities and moral attitudes should be mobilized; students should take responsibility for their decisions; activity should combine the joint efforts of children and adults; extracurricular activities should be discussed.
The formation of civic position of university students from the perspective of the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education
Authors: Glushchenko Olga Pavlovna
Published: September 2021

This article analyzes the Federal State Educational Standards of Higher Education from the perspective of substantive component that contributes to the formation of civic qualities and civic position of the students. It is noted that in modern political and socioeconomic life, the Russian Federation gives priority to the development of youth activity in the conditions of building civilian, democratic and constitutional state. Young people should be competent in order to be engaged in the country’s socially useful events to the fullest and make conscious political choice.  Higher education institutions play a considerable role in preparing educated and critically minded citizens, who possess high level of responsibility and patriotism. The goal of this article is to establish the the pedagogical conditions for the formation of civic position of students of higher education institutions. Analysis of the standards and existing normative legal acts allowed outlining the key priorities vectors in the development of higher education system of the Russian Federation. One of the crucial tasks of higher education system is to improve competitiveness of higher education institutions of the Russian Federation, as well as develop general cultural and professional competencies of future specialists. However, despite legislative consolidation on the federal level of the importance of development of civic position, the direct requirements for the results of formation of civic position among students are indicated only in part of the Federal State Educational Standards for Higher Education.
Education and self-education in the optics of tutoring approach
Authors: Rozin Vadim Markovich
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the problem of comprehension of self-education and education in tutoring pedagogy. The matter is that if student's personality and different development trajectories of different personality types are recognized in education, it is difficult to imagine education without self-education. As empirical material, the author cites two cases from his personal experience; analyzes the establishment and development of personality in culture, claiming that the problematic situations are the source of its development. Description is given to the key problematic situations that determine the evolution of a modern individual in phylogenies and ontogenesis. The author distinguishes between spontaneous development, evolution of personality, and conscious work, the goal of which is education or self-education. The article discusses the peculiarities of tutoring perspective on education and self-education, emphasizing that tutoring efforts are aimed at formation of favorable environment for person’s self-development and evolution, rather than designing an individual based on the pedagogical patterns.  At the same time, the tutor strives to create a culturally congruent and humanistic environment. The paper reviews a complicated problem of where a tutor as a pedagogue should lead his student and what does “lead” means in educational practice. The conclusion is made that tutoring approach is quite unusual in the aspect the it does not set particular pedagogical contents and goals, but rather points at the principles that should be jointly implemented by the tutor and his students. The author considers the three hypostases of a person for the tutor to focus on.
Popularization of the scientific method of cognition as a mechanism for countering information manipulations in mass media
Authors: Polushkin Valeriy Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2021

The subject of this research is the activity aimed at popularization of the scientific method of cognition as a mechanism for increasing the degree of information security of society and citizens in the conditions of transformation of media space under the influence of modern information technologies. The goal of this article is to reveal the potential of popularization of the scientific method of cognition as a mechanism for countering information manipulations, distortion of information, and distribution of quasi-scientific or pseudoscientific theories and concepts. The key problem of this research lies in determining possible restrictions of popularization of the scientific method of cognition to achieve the indicated goals, as well as in seeking ways to optimize the popularization of the scientific method of cognition for countering information manipulations and ensuring information security. The scientific novelty consists in substantiation of the effectiveness of using scientific and educational activity of the Russian media as an intelligent humanistic technology that may improve the culture of personal information security. Both education and the culture of thinking are viewed as intelligent technologies that to critically comprehend the interpretation of facts covered by mass media. Unlike other similar research on the topic, emphasis is placed on the potential of popularization of the scientific method of cognition, rather than scientific knowledge on particular questions. The conclusion is made that popularization of the scientific method of cognition influences the behavioral model of the participants of mass communication, providing them with scientific tools for independent problematization of data messages, determination of manipulations, and formation of objective rational position on the general issues of information agenda.
Research groups as the foundation for psychological school of V. M. Bekhterev
Authors: Artemeva Olga Arkadjevna , Karapetova Alina Vladimirovna
Published: September 2021

In the context of studying work organization of the leading teams of Russian psychologists, the article provides characteristics of the research groups that worked under the direction of V. M. Bekhterev in the field of psychology. For outlining the institutional framework, composition and results of the activity of such groups, the author carries out the biographical analysis along with the analysis of the products of scientific activity of the scholar and members of his team. It is demonstrated that the psychological direction of the scientific school of V. M. Bekhterev was formed out of the groups led by him at the premises of Kazan State University, Saint Petersburg Military Medical Academy, Neuropsychiatric Institute, and Institute for Brain Research. The novelty of the implemented approach consists in reconstruction of the establishment of reflexology as an independent psychological direction of scientific activity of V. M. Bekhterev from the perspective of socio-psychological theory of the collective. The individual “branches” of research of the team members were a distinct feature of the organization of collective work, which ensured the fulfillment of creative potential of each scholar and contribution to the development of the collective subject of research. The author also notes the united role of the leader. Throughout 40 years, V. M. Bekhterev united dozens of talented researchers. A crucial characteristic of the psychological “scientific school-research group” represented by a number of research teams was the experimental, practical and socially oriented research program for human study. The author indicates the priority of the scientific school of V. M. Bekhterev in the development and implementation of the objective and comprehensive approach towards studying the psychological phenomena. Based on the described peculiarities of organizing scientific activity, the established research base and of psychological personnel determined the formation of the Leningrad School of Soviet Psychology not only in the works of V. N. Myasishchev, N. M. Shchelovanov, A. V. Yarmolenko, M. Y. Basov, B. G. Ananyev, but also many other Russian psychologists.
“Taste” as an aesthetic category in moralistic and philosophical literature of the XVII century
Authors: Zaуtseva Nataliya Vladimirovna
Published: September 2021

This article analyzes the emergence of the aesthetic category of taste, which dates back to 1620s–1630s, as well as the factors of its emergence. The author correlates the aesthetic category of “taste” with one of the categories of gallant aesthetics “fineness”, which becomes the key requirement for the behavioral pattern of a secular person, as well as for the lifestyle of French aristocracy of the XVII century overall, emphasizing the social conditionality of the concept of taste. From the sphere of secular communication and everyday life, the categories of “fineness” and “fined taste” flow into the sphere of art, which unfolds the discussion on the subjectivity of taste and the tyranny of rules. The problem of taste remains relevant, as we see the blending of edges of this concept, denial of the hierarchy of aesthetic values in modern art. The question of the development of criteria for assessing the artworks is still as urgent as in the XVII century. At the same time, it is impossible to speak of the development and transformation of the aesthetic category of “taste” if the origins of its emergence are unfathomable. The dispute around the crucial for aesthetics dichotomy “taste” and “rules” has blazed up in France in the late XVII century. In this discussion, “fine taste” is opposed not to the concepts of “no taste” or “bad taste”, they are analogous to taste since being subjective. The concept of “taste” was opposed to the rule, which instigated the dispute of the aesthetic thought of the XVII century.
The Soviet person in post-Soviet time. Reflections on the book by V. I. Tolstykh “We Were. The Soviet Person As He Is”
Authors: Voronin Andrey Alekseevitch
Published: September 2021

The subject of this article is the evolution of Marxism in our country. Reflecting on the problems articulated by V. I. Tolstykh, the author discusses the professional convention as one of the mechanisms for transforming Marxist doctrine from the theory of revolutionary reform of society into the ideology, which justifies the totalitarian regime. This convention implies the right to misunderstanding and the right to ignorance. The first has two key tasks: 1) isolate the narration from profane interest, and 2) isolate the narration from “theoretical and political mistakes”. Misunderstanding as a latent component of social cognition and fundamental ignorance as limitation of the subject horizon of the theory of the “developed socialism” played a crucial role in metamorphoses of the Marxist thought in Russia. The following conclusions were made: either the philosopher confronts the world as a cognizing subject subordinated only to the interests of cognition, or he subordinates cognition to the interests of the world, primarily social. In the first case, the language must appropriately express what did not exist in mentality, language, and culture prior to it, while in the second case, the language is a means to safely glide over the surface of being, ensuring the faultlessly built theoretical scheme. In this case, philosophy, without explaining the world, gives the recipes for adaptation, survival, apology, and acceptance. The conflict of benefits and principles is resolved by aligning them, so that the theoretician formulates his position as sincerely ministering to the interests (of the party, doctrine, fundamental principles) of power. The author outlines two positions in defending the right to misunderstanding: the first suggest complication of language for preserving the authorial position; the second is the creation of theoretical schemes focused not on the real problems, but own logic. Misunderstanding as one of the strongholds of the thought is bounded up with ignorance. This allowed narrowing down the object horizon of science (theory), excluding the urgent problematic arbitrarily.
Negara dan Permasalahan State Building di Abad XXI
Authors: B.H.S. Alessandro , Noviyanti Nona Siska
Published: September 2021

In this book, Francis Fukuyama delivers his arguments concering the issue about the lack of "organizational tradition" in several "failed" or "weak" states, which in turns becomes the greatest threat to the contemporary world order. Fukuyama argues that the United States, and the West in general, after rightly intervening in such states either militarily or economically (most often through institutions like IMF or World Bank), have failed to transfer institutional and public- and private- sector capability to them. Although their objective is to "create self-sustaining state institutions that can survive the withdrawal of outside intervention," the developed world has met its failure, setting people of the developing countries up for "large disappointments." For much of the last half-century, the trend has been to weaken the state. Now, the evidence suggests that a new approach is required, one that goes beyond simply shrinking or enlarging the state, and begins to deal with enabling the state to be more effective based on local conditions. Fukuyama suggests that the answer lies in providing states with internal organizational structure and, above all, a culture that enables strong leaders and government institutions to enforce capitalist and free-market values. While some basic outcomes are to be expected, the way each nation gets there will be different.
Extreme points of the Besicovitch-Orlicz space of almost periodic functions equipped with Orlicz norm
Authors: Boulahia Fatiha , Hassaine Slimane
Published: September 2021

In the present paper, we give criteria for the existence of extreme points of the Besicovitch-Orlicz space of almost periodic functions equipped with Orlicz norm. Some properties of the set of attainable points of the Amemiya norm in this space are also discussed.
\begin{document}${\boldsymbol{\beta}}$\end{document} factor of fundamental mode of fiber laser beam
Authors: Zhang Yu-Qiu , Huang Liang-Jin , Chang Qi , An Yi , Ma Peng-Fei , Leng Jin-Yong , Zhou Pu ,   College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China
Published: September 2021

Owing to the advantages of high conversion efficiency, compactness and reliability, the fiber lasers are widely applied to many scientific areas, such as optical fiber communication, sensing and industrial processing. Beam quality is an important criterion for evaluating the performances of high-energy laser beam systems. Therefore, researchers have been constantly searching for the methods of evaluating the beam quality while pursuing higher output power. Until now, the researchers have proposed many definitions of beam quality. In practice, the evaluation parameters of beam quality include focused spot size, Strehl ratio, far-field divergence angle, diffraction limited β factor, energy circle rate, beam parameter product, and M 2 factor. Among them, the M 2 factor is the most suitable for the assessment of beam quality in both the near-field and far-field, which avoids the inaccuracy of the measurement of the beam quality only by the far-field radius or the far-field divergence angle. Thus, the M 2 factor is recognized as an important standard for evaluating beam quality by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). However, it proves that the M 2 factor is not suitable for non-Gaussian distribution spot. On the other hand, in applications of high-energy laser beam transmission and laser industrial manufacturing, people pay more attention to the focusability of laser energy. In this case, the diffraction limited β factor is more suitable for evaluating beam quality. In this paper, we investigate the beam quality of LP01 mode of fiber laser by β factor, and a circular and solid homogenous beam with the energy of 99% of LP01 mode is considered as an ideal beam. The relationship between β factor and the parameters of LP01 mode in a step-index fiber is studied theoretically. It is found that the value of the beam quality β factor is lower than 1 when the normalized frequency V is bigger than 1.8, and the far-field energy focusability of LP01 mode is better than the case of ideal beam. Besides, the value of β factor decreases with the increase of normalized frequency V, core radius a or numerical aperture NA. In addition, the relationship between M 2 factor and β factor is non-linear.
Quantitative proteomics reveals the selectivity of ubiquitin-binding autophagy receptors in the turnover of damaged lysosomes by lysophagy
Authors: Eapen Vinay V , Swarup Sharan , Hoyer Melissa J , Paulo Joao A , Harper J Wade
Published: September 2021

Removal of damaged organelles via the process of selective autophagy constitutes a major form of cellular quality control. Damaged organelles are recognized by a dedicated surveillance machinery, leading to the assembly of an autophagosome around the damaged organelle, prior to fusion with the degradative lysosomal compartment. Lysosomes themselves are also prone to damage and are degraded through the process of lysophagy. While early steps involve recognition of ruptured lysosomal membranes by glycan-binding galectins and ubiquitylation of transmembrane lysosomal proteins, many steps in the process, and their interrelationships, remain poorly understood, including the role and identity of cargo receptors required for completion of lysophagy. Here, we employ quantitative organelle capture and proximity biotinylation proteomics of autophagy adaptors, cargo receptors, and galectins in response to acute lysosomal damage, thereby revealing the landscape of lysosome-associated proteome remodeling during lysophagy. Among the proteins dynamically recruited to damaged lysosomes were ubiquitin-binding autophagic cargo receptors. Using newly developed lysophagic flux reporters including Lyso-Keima, we demonstrate that TAX1BP1, together with its associated kinase TBK1, are both necessary and sufficient to promote lysophagic flux in both HeLa cells and induced neurons (iNeurons). While the related receptor Optineurin (OPTN) can drive damage-dependent lysophagy when overexpressed, cells lacking either OPTN or CALCOCO2 still maintain significant lysophagic flux in HeLa cells. Mechanistically, TAX1BP1-driven lysophagy requires its N-terminal SKICH domain, which binds both TBK1 and the autophagy regulatory factor RB1CC1, and requires upstream ubiquitylation events for efficient recruitment and lysophagic flux. These results identify TAX1BP1 as a central component in the lysophagy pathway and provide a proteomic resource for future studies of the lysophagy process.
Roger Martin du Gard and Maumort
Authors: Martin Benjamin Franklin
Published: September 2021

In the late 1930s and early 1940s, Roger Martin du Gard was one of the most famous writers in the Western world. He won the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1937, and his works, especially Les Thibault, a multivolume novel, were translated into English and read widely. Today, this close friend of André Gide, Albert Camus, and André Malraux is almost unknown, largely because he left unfinished the long project he began in the 1940s, Lieutenant-Colonel de Maumort. This book creates a blend of intellectual history, family drama, and biography.
Integrative analysis of miRNA–mRNA network in idiopathic membranous nephropathy by bioinformatics analysis
Authors: He Wenfang , Zhang Jinshi , Yuan Shizhu , Liang Mingzhu , Chen Weidong , Jin Juan
Published: September 2021

Background

Currently, several specific antigens, M-type receptor for secretory phospholipase A2(PLA2R1), thrombospondin type-1 domain-containing 7A(THSD7A), and neural epidermal growth factor-like 1 protein (NELL-1), are discovered associated with the onset of idiopathic membranous nephropathy (IMN). But the pathomechanisms of IMN still need to be further claried. Understanding the mechanisms of IMN is required to improve its diagnosis and treatment.

Methods

In this study, we constructed miRNA regulatory networks to investigate IMN development. Moreover, miRNAs and mRNAs that were differentially expressed between Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (IMN) patients and normal controls were examined using the GSE115857 dataset and our previous sequence study. DE miRNA target genes were determined based on the FUNRICH software, starBase, miRDB, and miRWalk, and an miRNA-mRNA network was designed using DE-mRNAs that were negatively correlated with DE-miRNAs. The miRNA-mRNA network contained 228 miRNA-mRNA pairs. Thereafter, we conducted KEGG pathway, GO functional annotation, immune-related gene screening, protein interaction networks, and potential hub gene analyses. Furthermore, 10 miRNAs and 10 genes were determined and preliminarily validated using the validation dataset from GEO. Finally, we identified which pair may offer more accurate diagnosis and therapeutic targets for IMN.

Results

Two miRNA-mRNA pairs, miR-155-5p-FOS and miR-146a-5p-BTG2, were differentially expressed in IMN, indicating that these genes may affect IMN through immune processes. These findings may offer more accurate diagnoses and therapeutic targets for IMN.