bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The downscaling and adjustment method ADAMONT
v1.0 for climate projections in mountainous regions
applicable to energy balance land surface models
Authors: Verfaillie Deborah , Déqué Michel , Morin Samuel , Lafaysse Matthieu
Published: September 2016

Abstract. We introduce a method – called ADAMONT (ADAptation of RCM outputs to MOuNTain regions) v1.0 – to downscale and adjust daily climate projections from a regional climate model against a regional reanalysis of hourly meteorological conditions using quantile mapping. The method produces adjusted hourly time series of temperature, precipitation, wind speed, humidity, and short- and longwave radiation, which can in turn be used to force any energy balance land surface model. The ADAMONT method is evaluated through its application to the ALADIN-Climate v5 RCM forced by the ERA-Interim reanalysis, compared to the SAFRAN reanalysis, used as the pseudo-observation database covering the entire French Alps split into 23 massifs within which meteorological conditions are provided for several elevation bands separated by 300 m altitude. Different evaluation criteria are analysed for temperature, precipitation, but also snow depth, which is computed by the SURFEX/ISBA-Crocus model using the meteorological driving data generated using this method. The impact of the learning period and of the method used to select neighbouring RCM grid points for each SAFRAN massif/altitude configuration is tested. The performance of the method is satisfying, with similar or even better evaluation metrics than previous literature findings. Results for temperature are generally better than for precipitation. Snow depth yields good results, which can be viewed as indicating a reasonably good inter-variable consistency of the meteorological data produced by the method. The temporal transferability of the method is assessed through the comparison of results obtained using different learning periods, and shows that the method is sensitive to the period considered due to the empirical treatment of values beyond the 99.5 th quantile. The use of a complex RCM grid points selection technique taking into account horizontal but also altitudinal proximity to SAFRAN massif centroids/altitude couples generally degrades evaluation metrics for high altitudes, compared to a simpler 2-dimensional proximity selection technique.
Earth system modelling on system-level heterogeneous architectures: EMAC
(version 2.42) on the Dynamical Exascale Entry Platform (DEEP)
Authors: Christou Michalis , Christoudias Theodoros , Morillo Julián , Alvarez Damian , Merx Hendrik
Published: September 2016

Abstract. We examine an alternative approach to heterogeneous cluster-computing in the many-core era for Earth system models, using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Hamburg (ECHAM)/Modular Earth Submodel System (MESSy) Atmospheric Chemistry (EMAC) model as a pilot application on the Dynamical Exascale Entry Platform (DEEP). A set of autonomous coprocessors interconnected together, called Booster, complements a conventional HPC Cluster and increases its computing performance, offering extra flexibility to expose multiple levels of parallelism and achieve better scalability. The EMAC model atmospheric chemistry code (Module Efficiently Calculating the Chemistry of the Atmosphere (MECCA)) was taskified with an offload mechanism implemented using OmpSs directives. The model was ported to the MareNostrum 3 supercomputer to allow testing with Intel Xeon Phi accelerators on a production-size machine. The changes proposed in this paper are expected to contribute to the eventual adoption of Cluster–Booster division and Many Integrated Core (MIC) accelerated architectures in presently available implementations of Earth system models, towards exploiting the potential of a fully Exascale-capable platform.
Basic controller tuning for large offshore wind turbines
Authors: Merz Karl O.
Published: September 2016

Abstract. When a wind turbine operates above the rated wind speed, the blade pitch may be governed by a basic single-input–single-output PI controller, with the shaft speed as input. The performance of the wind turbine depends upon the tuning of the gains and filters of this controller. Rules of thumb, based upon pole placement, with a rigid model of the rotor, are inadequate for tuning the controller of large, flexible, offshore wind turbines. It is shown that the appropriate controller tuning is highly dependent upon the characteristics of the aeroelastic model: no single reference controller can be defined for use with all models. As an example, the ubiquitous National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) 5 MW wind turbine controller is unstable when paired with a fully flexible aeroelastic model. A methodical search is conducted, in order to find models with a minimum number of degrees of freedom, which can be used to tune the controller for a fully flexible aeroelastic model; this can be accomplished with a model containing 16–20 states. Transient aerodynamic effects, representing rotor-average properties, account for five of these states. A simple method is proposed to reduce the full transient aerodynamic model, and the associated turbulent wind spectra, to the rotor average. Ocean waves are also an important source of loading; it is recommended that the shaft speed signal be filtered such that wave-driven tower side-to-side vibrations do not appear in the PI controller output. An updated tuning for the NREL 5 MW controller is developed using a Pareto front technique. This fixes the instability and gives good performance with fully flexible aeroelastic models.
Effects of Online Instructional Design Training on TA’s Perceptions of Efficacy, Competence, and Knowledge Satisfaction
Authors: Madden John S. , Hardré Patricia L.
Published: September 2016

Teaching assistants (TAs) in higher education are expected to teach courses in their major subject area with little to no formal instruction in the principles of effective teaching methods. The demands on TAs time are high and there is a need for easy to access, flexible, high quality instruction to provide them with the tools necessary to be effective instructors at the college level. One method of meeting this need is to provide TAs with a “toolbox” of instructional theory and methods based on instructional design principles. In order to be effective, it is important for TAs to understand the interconnected nature of effective educational principles including: instructional design, motivation, learning environments, instructional technologies and assessment. The current study looks at the effects of a self-paced online instruction designed for TAs on their teaching efficacy, perceived teaching competence and satisfaction with knowledge of the delivered instructional concepts using a pre-post, self-report design. Thirteen TAs at a southwestern research university completed both pre and post measures of knowledge and perceptions. Findings indicate that self-paced online training in instructional design concepts significantly increased TAs’ satisfaction with their knowledge of instructional theory and principles, design of learning environments and instructional technology. It further increased the significance and magnitude of their understanding of the interconnected nature of instructional principles and elements of the learning dynamic and led to appreciable knowledge change in key areas. These findings provide evidence of the benefits and utility of flexible, easily accessible training in instructional principles for TAs.
“A Cosmic Shoulder for the Public to Lean Upon”: Gertrude Gordon and the Rise of Women Journalists
Authors: Olson Candi Carter
Published: September 2016

From 1900 through the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment and the 1920s, women journalists were making great strides in newsrooms and the public sphere. Gertrude Gordon, who was born Gertrude Kelley, was one of the newswomen whose work changed public perceptions of women's roles and abilities. As Pittsburgh's first sob sister and the first woman to earn a byline at a Pittsburgh paper, Gordon's reportage made her a figure that others revered and honored as courageous. This article uses Gordon's published writings, letters to the editor and other ephemera reacting to Gordon's articles, and archival evidence to show how Gordon framed women's lives and work. In addition, this article shows how her stories moved audiences to engage with issues important to early twentieth century women and to imagine new roles for women.
Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema in a Dog Following Initiation of Therapy for Concurrent Hypoadrenocorticism and Hypothyroidism
Authors: Paik Jooyae , Kang Ji-Houn , Chang Dongwoo , Yang Mhan-Pyo
Published: September 2016

A 5 yr old intact female cocker spaniel dog weighing 7.8 kg was referred with anorexia, vomiting, and depression. At referral, the dog was diagnosed initially with typical hypoadrenocorticism, and 2 d later, concurrent primary hypothyroidism was detected. Hormonal replacement therapies, including fludrocortisone, prednisolone, and levothyroxine, were initiated, but a few days later the dog became abruptly tachypneic, and thoracic radiographs indicated the development of pulmonary edema. Echocardiography showed that there were abnormalities indicating impaired left ventricular function, although the heart valves were normal. Following treatment with pimobendan and furosemide, the pulmonary edema resolved. The dog had no recurrence of the clinical signs after 10 mo of follow-up, despite being off all cardiac medications; consequently, the cardiac failure was transient or reversible in this dog. The case report describes the stepwise diagnosis and successful treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema after initiation of hormonal replacement therapy for concurrent hypoadrenocorticism and hypothyroidism in a dog.
Temporary Rectal Stenting for Management of Severe Perineal Wounds in Two Dogs
Authors: Skinner Owen T. , Cuddy Laura C. , Coisman James G. , Covey Jennifer L. , Ellison Gary W.
Published: September 2016

Perineal wounds in dogs present a challenge due to limited local availability of skin for closure and constant exposure to fecal contaminants. This report describes temporary rectal stenting in two dogs following severe perineal wounds. Dog 1 presented with a 4 × 4 cm full-thickness perineal slough secondary to multiple rectal perforations. A 12 mm internal diameter endotracheal tube was placed per-rectum as a temporary stent to minimize fecal contamination. The stent was removed 18 days after placement, and the perineal wound had healed at 32 days post-stent placement, when a minor rectal stricture associated with mild, intermittent tenesmus was detected. Long-term outcome was deemed good. Dog 2 presented with multiple necrotic wounds with myiasis, circumferentially surrounding the anus and extending along the tail. A 14 mm internal diameter endotracheal tube was placed per-rectum. The perineal and tail wounds were managed with surgical debridement and wet-to-dry and honey dressings prior to caudectomy and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT). Delayed secondary wound closure and stent removal were performed on day six without complication. Long-term outcome was deemed excellent. Temporary rectal stenting may be a useful technique for fecal diversion to facilitate resolution of complex perineal injuries, including rectal perforation.
Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Presumptively Normal Canine Sternal Lymph Nodes
Authors: Iwasaki Ryota , Mori Takashi , Ito Yusuke , Kawabe Mifumi , Murakmi Mami , Maruo Kohji
Published: September 2016

The sternal lymph nodes receive drainage from a wide variety of structures in the thoraco-abdominal region. Evaluation of these lymph nodes is essential, especially in cancer patients. Computed tomography (CT) can detect sternal lymph nodes more accurately than radiography or ultrasonography, and the criteria of the sternal lymphadenopathy are unknown. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe the CT characteristics of the sternal lymph nodes in dogs considered unlikely to have lymphadenopathy. The ratio of the short axis dimension of the sternal lymph nodes to the thickness of the second sternebra was also investigated. At least one sternal lymph node was identified in each of the 152 dogs included in the study. The mean long axis and short axis dimensions were 0.700 cm and 0.368 cm, respectively. The mean ratio of the sternal lymph nodes to the second sternebrae was 0.457, and the 95% prediction interval ranged from 0.317 to 0.596 (almost a fixed value independent of body weight). These findings will be useful when evaluating sternal lymphadenopathy using CT.
El consumo de bebidas carbonatadas como factor de riesgo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Velasco Rodríguez José Armando , Vargas Abrego María Auxiliadora , Cruz Arana Carmen Alicia
Published: September 2016

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el efecto de la frecuencia y cantidad de consumo de bebidas carbonatadas, sobre los valores de glucosa en ayunas y tolerancia a la glucosa en un grupo de 189 estudiantes de segundo y tercer año de la carrera Doctorado en Medicina de la Universidad Evangélica de El Salvador, que representó el 75.6% del total de estudiantes matriculados en estos niveles de la carrera. El estudio se realizó durante los meses de agosto y septiembre de 2013, cuya tipología fue de tipo descriptivo, correlacional y transversal. Entre los principales resultados se encontró que la frecuencia de consumo de bebidas carbonatadas no presentaba ninguna correlación con los valores de glucosa en ayunas ni con valores de tolerancia a la glucosa. Se encontró significancia estadística entre frecuencia de consumo y valores de tolerancia a la glucosa. No se encontró ninguna relación significativa entre las variables cantidad de consumo versus los valores sanguíneos de referencia. Tampoco se encontró ninguna relación entre la frecuencia y cantidad de consumo sobre los valores bioquímicos de referencia por efecto de género de los participantes. Se encontró además que el 79.4% de los participantes presentaban un estado de hiperinsulinismo posterior a la ingesta de la solución glucosada, lo que refleja probablemente un alto consumo habitual de carbohidratos, generando una hiperfuncionabilidad pancreática, considerándose este hecho como un factor de riesgo a largo plazo. El estudio reveló que tanto el consumo como la cantidad consumida de bebidas carbonatadas no influyo significativamente en el estado nutricional de los participantes.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 9 N° 1 ISSN 1818-202X enero-junio 2014, pp.6-12
Síndro me Antifosfolípidos Catas trófico : un reto a seguir viviendo
Authors: Flores Dennis , Acosta Roberto , Montúfar Rubén
Published: September 2016

El Síndrome Antifosfolípidos (SAF) es un estado pro trombótico caracterizado por trombosis arteriales y venosas en cualquier órgano o tejido vascular del organismo, siendo las manifestaciones clínicas más frecuentes las trombosis venosas de miembros inferiores, las arteriales cerebrales y las complicaciones obstétricas relacionados con alteraciones en la circulación placentaria. El Síndrome Antifosfolípidos Catastrófico (SAFC), es una variante del SAF, que se caracteriza por trombosis en múltiples nichos vasculares, lo cual lleva a falla multisistémica y se encuentra asociada a una alta mortalidad.A continuación se presenta el caso de una paciente con Lupus Eritematoso Generalizado de corto tiempo de evolución, con manifestaciones articulares, mucocutáneas, hematológicas, renales y anticuerpos antifosfolípidos positivos; quien encontrándose en un estado estable de su enfermedad, inicia de forma súbita episodio de trombosis en diferentes sitios del organismo y en menos de una semana de evolución; fenómeno que inició con episodios oclusivos en venas de miembros inferiores, luego en el sistema arterial cerebral y finalmente en arterias pulmonares; a pesar de una anticoagulación efectiva, lo cual condicionó un deterioro súbito y progresivo de la salud de la paciente, llevándola a un estado crítico, por lo que fue tratada inicialmente con bolos de metilprednisolona, heparinas de bajo peso molecular, aspirina y estatinas, pero debido al deterioro de la paciente y al episodio de múltiples trombosis, se indicaron sesiones de plasmaféresis y finalmente rituximab, con un desenlace satisfactorio. En la actualidad, la paciente se encuentra estable, y siguiendo su tratamiento con dosis bajas de esteroides, inmunosupresores y anticoagulación.CREA CIENCIA Vol. 9 No 2 ISSN 1818-202X enero-junio 2015, pp.39-45
Epidemiology of Urban Traffic Accidents: A Study on the Victims’ Health Records in Iran
Authors: Rabiei Reza , Ayatollahi Haleh , Rahmani Katigari Meysam , Hasannezhad Mostafa , Amjadnia Hasan
Published: September 2016

INTRODUCTION: Several studies have been carried out in the field of traffic collisions in Iran. However, few studies have used the victims’ medical records as a source of information. This study aimed to use the data collected from the medical records and a geographic information system to show the epidemiology of urban traffic collisions to be used in injury prevention strategies.

METHODS: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study which was completed in 2013. The sample consisted of 1240 medical records of the people injured in the urban traffic collisions in the capital city of Iran between October 2010 and April 2011. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 18.0 and ARC GIS 10.0.

RESULTS: According to the results, motorcyclists were the main group of victims, and most collisions occurred in the afternoon between 12:00 and 18:00 pm. Moreover, the findings showed that the frequency of collisions was higher in District five (16.7%), District six (13.7%), and District 12 (8.3%) of the city.

CONCLUSION: In most traffic collisions, motorcyclists were involved and victims mainly suffered from injuries in the lower limbs. Therefore, training in the use of safety equipment, setting collision prevention strategies, and controlling the risky behavior of motorcyclists may help to reduce the number of collisions.
Determinants of Students’ Entrepreneurial Intentions: Evidence from Moroccan University
Authors: Bachiri Mustapha
Published: September 2016

In recent decades, entrepreneurship has become a major economic and social phenomenon, a subject of research and a new field of education. While entrepreneurship is not a new concept, it regained importance particularly in scientific research. Entrepreneurship is seen as a vector for innovation and economic efficiency but also as a powerful job creator. Along with the evolution of entrepreneurship, there is a growing interest in the development of training programs to encourage entrepreneurship in universities. The challenge remains to find a consensus on the content to be taught and the type of learning to guide student behavior. Several empirical studies indicate that education can foster entrepreneurship. Yet the impact of entrepreneurship education programs on entrepreneurial skills and entrepreneurial values remains largely unexplored.

In this study, we used the theory of planned behavior to assess the impact of entrepreneurship education programs on entrepreneurial intentions in Moroccan universities, particularly the University of Rabat (Mohammed V University).
School Principals’ Authentic Leadership and Teachers’ Psychological Capital: Teachers’ Perspectives
Authors: Feng-I Feng
Published: September 2016

This study examined teachers’ perceptions of principals’ authentic leadership and the relationship of authentic leadership to teachers’ psychological capital in Taiwan. A total of 1,429 elementary and secondary school teachers were surveyed. The results showed that teachers perceived their principals’ authentic leadership as moderate and that the principals’ practice of authentic leadership was influenced by culture. Moreover, the principals’ authentic leadership was found to be positively and significantly associated with teachers’ psychological capital. This study provides empirical evidence to support a theoretical argument suggesting that authentic leadership fosters positive psychological capital among the members of an organization.
Parents’ Participation in Improving the Quality of Elementary School in the City of Malang, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sumarsono Raden Bambang , Imron Ali , Wiyono Bambang Budi , Arifin Imron
Published: September 2016

This research aims at describing parents participation in improving the quality of education of elementary schools viewed from the school substance and management. This is a qualitative research using phenomenology approach. The research design employed is comparative multicase involving four elementary schools in Malang city, East java, Indonesia. The choice on the researched schools are based on the recommendation from education office with regard to the school quality. The data collection is done by using in-depth interviews, observation, and document related to the parents participation in improving the quality of elementary school education. The analysis is conducted using flow model involving the stage of individual case analysis using flow model, which is then continued to cross cases data analysis which is done simultaneously. The result of data analysis found that parents participation in improving the quality of education of elementary schools is manifested in the aspects of learning, students affair, facilities and infrastructure, public relations, educational finance, and school personnel.
Employment of Active Learning at HEIs in Bangladesh to Improve Education Quality
Authors: Chowdhury Faieza
Published: September 2016

In recent years, education quality and quality assessment have received a great deal of attention at Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Bangladesh. Most of the HEIs in Bangladesh face severe resource constraints and find it difficult to improve education quality by improving inputs, such as better infrastructure and modernized classroom facilities. Thus, in response to the present government’s demand to improve the quality of education at HEIs in Bangladesh, it is imperative to formulate plans that are more cost-effective. According to some previous studies, the quality of education depends largely on the teaching-learning process. These studies affirm that, with limited resources at hand, the employment of active learning in the classroom is one of the most effective ways to improve education quality. To conduct this qualitative research, we utilized multiple sources of data, including semi-structured and in-depth interviews, descriptive observations and self-administered questionnaires. This paper aims to explore three related issues: What are the various active learning strategies that can be employed by the instructors at HEIs in Bangladesh? What are the potential factors that can hinder the implementation process? Finally, what recommendations can be provided on how to successfully implement active learning strategies in the classroom? The findings suggest that a lack of teacher training and student prior experience in an active learning environment, large class sizes, excessive curriculum loads and students’ academic backgrounds are some common factors that can hinder the implementation of active learning in Bangladesh. The findings of this study can be instrumental for HEIs in Bangladesh as they aspire to improve their education quality.
The Study of Regulations Governing Shipping Bill of Lading in Iran Laws and International Trade Documents
Authors: Sharify Seyedeh Koyestan , Mokarrami Ali Mohammad
Published: September 2016

The present study deals with review of regulations governing shipping bill of lading in Iran laws and international trade documents through descriptive analysis. In this paper, it is tried to study the concepts of maritime transport contract, legal concept of vessel, shipping bill of lading and its components, the content of shipping bill of lading and its proofing aspects in international conventions and Iran law. The research findings indicate that shipping bill of lading is considered one of the valid documents in international trade and in accordance with the common trade, judicial procedures and the maritime code of Iran and Hamburg convention is considered as a common trade document. In Rotterdam convention, the capability of transferring written and electronic transport record and their transferring procedure as used in trade documents has been mentioned. The value and credit of shipping bill of ladings of goods embarked on deck or clean bill of lading in international trade made such bill of ladings be supported by trade code in international trade and conventions and local regulations of countries such that the transportation agents are prohibited from the right to prove negative of some contents of this document against the holder in good faith of shipping bill of lading.
Recent Advances in Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Drink Samples Using LPME Techniques Coupled to GC-MS and LC-MS: a Review
Authors: Lawal Abubakar , Tan Guan Huat , Alsharif Ali Mohammed Ali
Published: September 2016

Food quality and food safety are major challenges affecting agricultural and industrial aspects of production. Many contaminants from different sources contaminate foods and drinks, leading to disastrous health problems like gene mutations and cancer. Previously, many different methods have been used for the analysis of these contaminants. Liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) has been the most well-known conventional technique used, but its limitations are its tediousness, time required, and the use of large quantities of toxic organic solvents. These limitations have led to the search for other, efficient techniques that are more environmentally friendly. Hence, this review highlights recent advances in liquid-phase (single-drop, hollow fiber, and dispersive liquid–liquid) microextraction procedures for food and drink analyses. Such modifications can be justified for solving limitations associated with the traditional LLE method. The objective of this review is to serve as a reference platform for providing effective management tools for solving problems of pollution, clean-up, and control of food quality and safety globally.
Primary Biliary Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma (MANEC): A Short Review
Authors: Acosta Andres M. , Wiley Elizabeth Louise
Published: September 2016

Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) are composite neoplasms with areas of adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma intermingled with neuroendocrine carcinoma or neuroendocrine tumor, each composing at least 30% of the neoplasm. MANECs are very infrequent overall, and they are more commonly diagnosed in the appendix, colon, and stomach. Biliary MANECs are particularly rare, and their histogenesis is debated because neuroendocrine cells are seldom identified in the normal biliary tract. They can show one of the 3 different architectural patterns described in Lewin's original classification: collision tumors, combined lesions, or amphicrine neoplasms. The neuroendocrine component is usually of a high grade, with small or large cell cytomorphology, whereas the adenocarcinoma component is either an intestinal or biliary type. Clinical presentation is characterized by locally advanced disease at the time of initial diagnosis. Recent studies suggest that treatment should be guided by the most aggressive histologic component.
Application of the Bethesda Classification for Thyroid Fine-Needle Aspiration: Institutional Experience and Meta-analysis
Authors: Krauss Elliot A. , Mahon Megan , Fede Jean M. , Zhang Lanjing
Published: September 2016

Context.—Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies have been an important component in the preoperative evaluation of thyroid nodules. Until the introduction of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (BSRTC) in 2008, individual institutions had developed their own diagnostic categories. The BSRTC proposed 6 categories in an attempt to standardize reporting of thyroid FNA.

Objective.—To present a 15-year experience of thyroid FNA at one institution, including data before and after introduction of the BSRTC. The risk of malignancy is compared with the meta-analysis of high-quality published data.

Data Sources.—Data sources were PubMed, a manual search of references, and institutional data.

Conclusions.—The diagnostic categories developed at our institution were similar to those proposed by the BSRTC, with best fit into the 6 categories easily accomplished and reported in the final 2 years of the study. Significant differences were noted in the frequencies of cases in diagnostic categories Benign (II; P = .003), Suspicious for follicular neoplasm/Follicular neoplasm (IV; P < .001), and Malignant (VI; P = .003) after the introduction of the BSRTC. Eighteen published articles met the criteria for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The risk of malignancy in each category in our institution was similar to that determined in the meta-analysis, except for Insufficient for diagnosis (I; 20% versus 9%–14%). Meta-analysis showed an overlapping 95% CI of risk of malignancy between Atypia of undetermined significance/Follicular lesion of undetermined significance (III; 11%–23%) and Suspicious for follicular neoplasm/Follicular neoplasm (IV; 20%–29%), suggesting similar risks of malignancy. The use of newer molecular tests for these indeterminate cases may further refine risk assessment.
Infantile Digital Fibroma: A Rare Fibromatosis
Authors: Marks Etan , Ewart Michelle
Published: September 2016

Infantile digital fibroma is a rare benign lesion that usually occurs during the first 2 years of life. It can be multiple, but it is usually a single lesion. If it grows large enough it can cause joint deformities or interfere with everyday activities. Microscopically, the neoplastic cells usually have inclusion bodies that are best highlighted with a Masson trichrome stain but can often be seen on hematoxylin-eosin staining. Treatment for this entity is usually watchful waiting because of its ability to spontaneously regress, but excision is recommended if the lesion is symptomatic. More recently, fluorouracil or injectable steroids have shown great promise in inducing regression without the complications that accompany surgery.
Blood and Bone Marrow Evaluation for Eosinophilia
Authors: Boyer Daniel F.
Published: September 2016

Evaluation of peripheral blood and bone marrow for an indication of persistent eosinophilia can be a challenging task because there are many causes of eosinophilia and the morphologic differences between reactive and neoplastic causes are often subtle or lack specificity. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the differential diagnosis for eosinophilia, to recommend specific steps for the pathologist evaluating blood and bone marrow, and to emphasize 2 important causes of eosinophilia that require specific ancillary tests for diagnosis: myeloproliferative neoplasm with PDGFRA rearrangement and lymphocyte-variant hypereosinophilic syndrome.
Plasmablastic Lymphoma: A Review of Clinicopathologic Features and Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Harmon Charles M. , Smith Lauren B.
Published: September 2016

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) is a challenging diagnosis given its rarity and lack of expression of markers that are usually used by pathologists in establishing hematopoietic lineage. However, knowledge of the characteristic clinical setting, sites of involvement, and morphologic features of plasmablastic lymphoma can aid in the correct diagnosis of a suspected large cell lymphoma that is negative for B-cell– and T-cell–specific antigens. Herein, we review the clinical and pathologic features of plasmablastic lymphoma with an emphasis on the differential diagnosis of hematolymphoid neoplasms with immunoblastic morphology and/or evidence of plasmacytic differentiation by immunophenotype.
Atypical Apocrine Adenosis: Diagnostic Challenges and Pitfalls
Authors: Asirvatham Jaya Ruth , Falcone Maria Monica Garcia , Kleer Celina G.
Published: September 2016

Apocrine change in the breast is an extremely common finding. In most cases, the benign or malignant nature of the lesion is easily recognized. Apocrine adenosis is used to describe sclerosing adenosis with apocrine change. The term apocrine atypia is used when there is significant cytologic atypia in apocrine cells, characterized by a 3-fold nuclear enlargement, prominent/multiple nucleoli, and hyperchromasia. Atypical apocrine adenosis is diagnosed when apocrine adenosis and apocrine atypia are superimposed. However, there are no definite criteria to distinguish atypical apocrine adenosis from apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ. Immunohistochemical markers can be confounding and may lead to erroneous diagnoses. Atypical apocrine features in sclerosing lesions may be misinterpreted as invasive carcinoma if the underlying lesion is not recognized. In the absence of definite features of malignancy, the diagnosis of apocrine ductal carcinoma in situ may be extremely difficult. In the present article, we review atypical apocrine adenosis focusing on diagnostic challenges and their implications on clinical management.
Survey of Classification and Organization of Videorecordings
Authors: Bergman Barbara , Schomberg, Jessica , Kurtz Dorie
Published: September 2016

Libraries have long struggled with the question of how to best classify and enable access to videorecordings. While giving a presentation at a state library conference, the authors observed from comments during the question and answer portion of the presentation that the libraries represented in the audience use a variety of video classification and organization practices. To better understand how local practices and librarians’ attitudes regarding the efficacy of these practices vary, we conducted a survey soliciting responses from librarians representing a broad array of library types.
Book Review: Self-Publishing and Collection Development: Opportunities and Challenges for Libraries
Authors: Brody Rebecca
Published: September 2016

Self-publishing has exploded over the last ten years, resulting in an entirely new ecosystem of self-publishing platforms, marketing options, and collection development tools. Major companies such as Amazon provide a relatively easy way for individuals to format and upload writing for public consumption, and the public’s demand for these materials is increasing. This demand has created a new and challenging set of problems for librarians who would like to leverage the growth of self-publishing to improve library collections and services. The essays collected in Self-Publishing and Collection Development: Opportunities and Challenges for Libraries make a convincing case that academic and public libraries have significant opportunity to participate in this new publishing landscape while making clear that, particularly for academic libraries, the acceptance and active collection of self-published titles is still something of a work in progress.
For Your Enrichment: Ethical Issues in Reference: An In-Depth View from the Librarians’ Perspective
Authors: Luo Lili
Published: September 2016

It is always good to reflect occasionally on professional ethics and the implications of those ethics in library practice. In this paper, based on a presentation given by the author at the 2014 IFLA satellite meeting “Ethical Dilemmas in the Information Society: How Codes of Ethics Help to Find Ethical Solutions,” August 14–15, 2014, Lili Luo examines some ethical issues addressed in contemporary reference work and reports on the results of a survey of reference librarians.—Editor
Management: Framing the Framework: The Rigorous Responsibilities of Library and Information Science
Authors: Filbert Nathan W.
Published: September 2016

The ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education offers library and information science (LIS) professionals a conceptual approach for leading information literacy efforts in a digital environment. But while a good start, Nathan Filbert suggests that it is not enough to validate librarianship’s transdisciplinary potential. In this column, Filbert addresses the programmatic and directional efforts necessary for LIS to realize expansive expertise in information resource management, reference, and user services in the evolving, complex, information ecosystem. Drawing on the profession’s past and present, he suggests a vision and a philosophy for mediating the infosphere of the future.—Editor
Book Review: American Indian Culture: From Counting Coup to Wampum
Authors: Veitch Madeline
Published: September 2016

In his preface to American Indian Culture, Editor Bruce E. Johansen outlines a highly selective approach to documenting historical and contemporary expressions of Native American cultures. Aimed at upper level-high school students and college undergraduates, this work is framed not as an encyclopedic resource but as “an introduction to a large and rich field of study” focused on “the interface of tradition and change” across cultural expressions such as art, literature, music, and dance (xiii).
A non canonical subtilase attenuates the transcriptional activation of defence responses in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Serrano Irene , Buscaill Pierre , Audran Corinne , Pouzet Cécile , Jauneau Alain , Rivas Susana
Published: September 2016

Proteases play crucial physiological functions in all organisms by controlling the lifetime of proteins. Here, we identified an atypical protease of the subtilase family [SBT5.2(b)] that attenuates the transcriptional activation of plant defence independently of its protease activity. The SBT5.2 gene produces two distinct transcripts encoding a canonical secreted subtilase [SBT5.2(a)] and an intracellular protein [SBT5.2(b)]. Concomitant to SBT5.2(a) downregulation, SBT5.2(b) expression is induced after bacterial inoculation. SBT5.2(b) localizes to endosomes where it interacts with and retains the defence-related transcription factor MYB30. Nuclear exclusion of MYB30 results in its reduced transcriptional activation and, thus, suppressed resistance. sbt5.2 mutants, with abolished SBT5.2(a) and SBT5.2(b) expression, display enhanced defence that is suppressed in a myb30 mutant background. Moreover, overexpression of SBT5.2(b), but not SBT5.2(a), in sbt5.2 plants reverts the phenotypes displayed by sbt5.2 mutants. Overall, we uncover a regulatory mode of the transcriptional activation of defence responses previously undescribed in eukaryotes.
Shape control of AlGaAs selective oxidation by intermixing method
Authors: Gi Tetsu , Miyamoto Tomoyuki
Published: September 2016

Shape control of AlGaAs selective oxidation regions by heterointerface intermixing was investigated. The oxidation rate dependence on the intermixing conditions was characterized. Under 880 °C with three hours of intermixing, the oxidation rate was reduced to half that of the usual oxidation without intermixing. The thicknesses of a GaAs capping layer and a deposited SiO2 layer affected the oxidation rate. A detailed analysis of the oxidation after intermixing was carried out by scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) measurement. On the basis of the oxidation characteristics with intermixing, in-plane shape control was demonstrated. This result will be helpful in the fabrication of complicated device shapes.
Electrical characterization of electron beam induced damage on sub-10 nm n-channel MOS transistors using nano-probing technique
Authors: Kang Jonghyuk , Lee Sungho , Choi Byoungdeog
Published: September 2016

Electron beam induced damage on sub-10 nm n-channel MOS transistors was evaluated using an atomic force microscopy-based nano-probing technique. After electron beam irradiation, all the device parameters shifted including threshold voltage (V
th), saturation current, sub-threshold slope and transistor leakage current. A negative shift in V
th occurred at low electron beam acceleration voltage (V
acc) because of the increase in oxide trapped holes generated by excited plasmons. At high V
acc, however, a positive V
th shift was observed because of an increased contribution of interface trap generation caused by the deeper electron penetration depth. In addition, interface trap generation not only degraded the sub-threshold slope due to the additional capacitance from the generated interface traps, but also increased transistor leakage current due to changes in junction characteristics. Our studies show that it is critical to avoid electron beam exposure before electrical characterization on sub-10 nm devices even in the range of less than 1.0 kV of V
acc using nano-probe systems.
Further improvement of mechanical and tribological properties of Cr-doped diamond-like carbon nanocomposite coatings by N codoping
Authors: Zou Changwei , Xie Wei , Tang Xiaoshan
Published: September 2016

In this study, the effects of nitrogen codoping on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr-doped diamond-like carbon (DLC) nanocomposite coatings were investigated in detail. Compared with undoped DLC coatings, the Cr-DLC and N/Cr-DLC coatings showed higher root-mean-square (RMS) roughness values. However, from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman results, the fraction of sp2 carbon bonds of N/Cr-DLC coatings increased with increasing N content, which indicated the graphitization of the coatings. The hardness and elastic modulus of N/Cr-DLC coatings with 1.8 at. % N were about 26.8 and 218 GPa, respectively. The observed hardness increase with N codoping was attributed to the incorporation of N in the C network along with the formation of CrC(N) nanoparticles, as confirmed from the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results. The internal stress markedly decreased from 0.93 to 0.32 GPa as the N content increased from 0 to 10.3 at. %. Furthermore, N doping significantly improved the high-temperature dry friction behavior of DLC coatings. The friction coefficient of N/Cr-DLC coatings with 8.0 and 10.3 at. % N was kept at about 0.2 during the overall sliding test at 500 °C. These results showed that appropriate N doping could promote the mechanical and tribological properties of Cr-DLC nanocomposite coatings.
Hierarchical multistate models from population data: an application to parity statuses
Authors: Schoen Robert
Published: September 2016

Hierarchical models are characterized by havingNliving states connected byN− 1 rates of transfer. Demographic measures for such models can be calculated directly from counts of the number of persons in each state at two nearby points in time. Exploiting the ability of population stocks to determine the flows in hierarchical models expands the range of demographic analysis. The value of such analyses is illustrated by an application to childbearing, where the states of interest reflect the number of children a woman has born. Using Census data on the distribution of women by age and parity, a parity status life table for US Women, 2005–2010, is constructed. That analysis shows that nearly a quarter of American women are likely to remain childless, with a 0–3 child pattern replacing the 2–4 child pattern of the past.
The contribution of marine aggregate‐associated bacteria to the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria in oysters: an agent‐based model
Authors: Kramer Andrew M. , Ward J. Evan , Dobbs Fred C. , Pierce Melissa L. , Drake John M.
Published: September 2016

Bivalves process large volumes of water, leading to their accumulation of bacteria, including potential human pathogens (e.g., vibrios). These bacteria are captured at low efficiencies when freely suspended in the water column, but they also attach to marine aggregates, which are captured with near 100% efficiency. For this reason, and because they are often enriched with heterotrophic bacteria, marine aggregates have been hypothesized to function as important transporters of bacteria into bivalves. The relative contribution of aggregates and unattached bacteria to the accumulation of these cells, however, is unknown. We developed an agent‐based model to simulate accumulation of vibrio‐type bacteria in oysters. Simulations were conducted over a realistic range of concentrations of bacteria and aggregates and incorporated the dependence of pseudofeces production on particulate matter. The model shows that the contribution of aggregate‐attached bacteria depends strongly on the unattached bacteria, which form the colonization pool for aggregates and are directly captured by the simulated oysters. The concentration of aggregates is also important, but its effect depends on the concentration of unattached bacteria. At high bacterial concentrations, aggregates contribute the majority of bacteria in the oysters. At low concentrations of unattached bacteria, aggregates have a neutral or even a slightly negative effect on bacterial accumulation. These results provide the first evidence suggesting that the concentration of aggregates could influence uptake of pathogenic bacteria in bivalves and show that the tendency of a bacterial species to remain attached to aggregates is a key factor for understanding species‐specific accumulation.
Challenges and opportunities in global mental health: a perspective from WHO
Authors: Saxena S.
Published: September 2016

This paper enumerates and briefly discusses WHO’s recent contributions to global mental health and the current challenges and opportunities in this area. It briefly discusses response to diversity across countries and communities, the need for innovations and global exchange of information, evidence and knowledge and raises issues like psychological interventions and human rights related to mental health.
Mapping foraging habitat for migratory shorebirds in their Australian non-breeding grounds and prioritising sites for conservation and management
Authors: Lisson Amanda , Taffs Kathryn H. , Christidis Leslie
Published: September 2016

Shorebird populations are declining worldwide as a result of the loss of the intertidal habitats upon which they depend. Conservation status is particularly dire for shorebirds on the East Asian–Australasian Flyway. While the flyway transects many international boundaries and involves numerous bilateral conservation agreements, management of remaining habitat at a local scale is imperative to conserving these species. Coastal habitat is affected by multiple anthropogenic stressors, including loss and degradation due to increasing demand for coastal land. In Australia, migration coincides with the summer holiday season when shorebirds are significantly impacted by human disturbance. Managers are frequently required to make trade-offs between wildlife conservation and anthropogenic land uses and when specific quantitative shorebird habitat data and mapping are absent, human interests will naturally take precedence. This paper demonstrates a method for mapping and prioritising management of shorebird non-breeding habitat using an Australian coastal site, the Richmond River estuary. Foraging habitat was surveyed and mapped using GIS with a range of attributes including habitat types, foraging values, disturbance levels and specific foraging distribution of each species. The results highlighted several important foraging areas that were impacted by disturbance and would require intervening management actions to reduce impacts on shorebirds. The GIS data created provide local managers with an effective tool to consider shorebird habitat in the decision-making process. This method could be replicated at other important shorebird habitat sites, leading to enhanced conservation of these declining species.