bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Positive Emotion and Ego-Resilience in Determining Men’s Physical Activity Following a Workplace Health Intervention
Authors: Seaton Cherisse L. , Bottorff Joan L. , Jones-Bricker Margaret , Lamont Sonia
Published: October 2018

Men are a hard-to-reach group in the promotion of modifiable behaviors such as physical activity. Examining the individual differences among men that might predict positive behavior changes could support customization of health promotion programs. This study examined the role of emotional outlook, positive emotion, and ego-resilience in determining men’s physical activity and health-related quality of life following implementation of a gender-sensitive workplace health intervention. Using a pre–post within-subjects design, computer-assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) was used to collect measures of emotion and ego-resilience along with physical activity and health-related quality of life (using the 12-item short form [SF-12]) at baseline ( n = 139) and after 6 months ( n = 80) from adult men ( Mage = 43.7, SD = 12.5). Baseline emotional outlook and ego-resilience were both positively related to increased physical activity at follow-up among men. Emotional outlook and positive emotion were positively related to ego-resilience, and ego-resilience mediated the relationship between these and the physical component of health-related quality of life. Workplace health interventions that incorporate the promotion of personal resources hold potential for greater impacts.
The teratogenic effects of thalidomide on limbs
Authors: Vargesson Neil
Published: October 2018

Thalidomide remains notorious as a result of the damage it caused to children born to mothers who used it to treat morning sickness between 1957 and 1961. The re-emergence of the drug to treat a range of conditions including erythema nodosum leprosum (a complication of leprosy) has led to a new generation of thalidomide damaged children being born in Brazil. Although thalidomide affects most of the developing tissues and organs of the body, the damage to the limbs is striking. Indeed phocomelia, the severe reduction or loss of the proximal long bones with retention of the distal hand/foot plate remains the stereotypical image of thalidomide. This review focuses on the type and range of damage thalidomide caused to the limbs, reviews current understanding of the mechanisms underlying thalidomide-induced limb malformations and outlines some of the challenges remaining in elucidating its teratogenicity.
Corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections to the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb joint are associated with early complications after subsequent surgery
Authors: Giladi Aviram M. , Rahgozar Paymon , Zhong Lin , Chung Kevin C.
Published: October 2018

Truven MarketScan® Databases were used to identify patients with thumb carpometacarpal arthritis who underwent surgical treatment. Pre-operative corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injections were identified, as were post-operative complications. Multivariable regressions assessed the relationship between injections and complications. Of 16,268 patients, 4462 had steroid injections and 252 received hyaluronic acid injections. Twenty-one per cent (3381 patients) had post-operative complications. Diabetes and smoking increased the odds of complications in all models. Odds of any complication, most notably infectious complications, were increased 20% by corticosteroids (OR 1.2; 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.3). More than three injections increased the odds of a complication by 70% (OR 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3 to 2.1). Hyaluronic acid increased the odds of wound-healing complications by 110% (OR 2.1; 95% CI: 1.3 to 3.4). Corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections for thumb carpometacarpal arthritis increase the odds of post-operative complications.

Level of evidence: IV
Digital artery deformation on movement of the proximal interphalangeal joint
Authors: Saito Susumu , Bise Ryoma , Yoshikawa Aya , Sekiguchi Hiroyuki , Tsuge Itaru , Toi Masakazu
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to characterize in vivo human digital arteries in three-dimensions using photoacoustic tomography in order to understand the specific mechanism underlying arterial deformation associated with movement of the proximal interphalangeal joint. Three-dimensional morphological data were obtained on the radialis indicis artery (radial artery of the index finger) at different angles of the joint. The association between increased curvature of the deformation and the anatomical region was assessed. Characteristic morphological deformations in areas of major deformation were determined. The deformation of the artery was characterized by three consecutive curves in juxta-articular regions, which were particularly noticeable when the joint was flexed at an angle of ≥ 60°. The change in the curvature of the deformation during 30°–90° of flexion was lower in middle-aged individuals than in young individuals. Better understanding of the mechanism underlying deformation of the digital arteries may contribute to advancements in flap procedures and rehabilitation strategies after digital artery repair.
Danish version of the Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation questionnaire: Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, test–retest reliability and construct validity
Authors: Hansen Alice Ørts , Knygsand-Roenhoej Karin , Ardensø Kecia
Published: October 2018

Introduction

In Denmark, there is a growing need for valid, reliable and standardized patient-rated outcome measures for use in clinical practice and research. The Patient-Rated Wrist/Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) is a self-reported assessment of hand-related disorders that measures pain and functional difficulties in activities of daily living. The purpose of this study was to: (1) translate and cross-culturally adapt the PRWHE into Danish and (2) assess the reliability and construct validity of the Danish version in patients with hand-related disorders.

Methods

The PRWHE was translated and cross-culturally adapted into Danish using the dual-panel approach. A total of 97 patients with diverse hand-related disorders and a mean age of 52.6 years (SD 15.2) participated in the psychometric testing. They were assessed on two occasions. Test–retest reliability was assessed using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC2.1) to assess test–retest, Cronbach’s alpha to assess internal consistency and a Bland–Altman plot to estimate measurement error. Construct validity was investigated by evaluating the relationship between the Danish PRWHE (PRWHE-DK) and the Danish validated version of the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand questionnaire (DASH).

Results

Psychometric testing demonstrated an excellent test–retest reliability (ICC2.1 = 0.94) and internal consistency (alpha = 0.96). A systematic error of 1.5 and a measurement error of ± 16.1 were found. Furthermore, a strong correlation was found between PRWHE-DK and DASH ( r = 0.71).

Conclusions

The PRWHE-DK is a reliable, valid instrument for patients with different kinds of hand-related disorders, and can be used in clinical practice and multi-cultural research studies to measure pain and functional disability.
Impact of cardiac rehabilitation referral on one-year outcome after discharge of patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Hermann Matthias , Witassek Fabienne , Erne Paul , Rickli Hans , Radovanovic Dragana
Published: October 2018

Background

Cardiac rehabilitation after an acute myocardial infarction has a class I recommendation in the present guidelines. However, data about the impact on mortality in Switzerland are not available. Therefore, we analysed one-year outcome of acute myocardial infarction patients according to cardiac rehabilitation referral at discharge.

Design and methods

Data were extracted from the Swiss AMIS Plus registry and included patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction, who were asked to give their informed consent to a telephone follow-up one year after discharge.

Results

From 10,141 patients, 1956 refused to participate in follow-up and 302 were lost to follow-up. There were 4508 (57.2%) patients with cardiac rehabilitation referrals compared with 3375 (42.8%) without. Patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation were younger (62.4 years vs. 68.8 years), more often male (77% vs. 70%), presented more often with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (63.5% vs. 52.1%) and, apart from smoking (44.0% vs. 34.9%), they had fewer risk factors, such as dyslipidaemia (55.0% vs. 60.1%), hypertension (55.6% vs. 65.3%) and diabetes (16.7% vs. 21.5%). Patients referred to cardiac rehabilitation had a lower crude one-year all-cause mortality (1.7% vs. 5.8%; p < 0.001) and lower rates of re-infarction, rehospitalization for cardiovascular disease and intervention (all p < 0.005). In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, cardiac rehabilitation was an independent predictor for lower mortality rate (odds ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.48–0.89; p = 0.007).

Conclusions

Although the detailed data of cardiac rehabilitation programmes and patient participation were not available for this study, our data from 7883 acute myocardial infarction patients showed a better one-year outcome for patients with cardiac rehabilitation referrals than for those without.
Centralization and decentralization of power structure: A theory of ruling risks and empirical evidence from Chinese history
Authors: Cao Zhenghan
Published: October 2018

In Chinese history, the power relationship between the central and local governments has undergone perennial and critical changes. These changes have given rise to three questions: First, why did some dynasties adopt feudalism at an early stage, merely to curtail the local authority in times of stability? Second, why did the Yuan and Ming dynasties employ a native chieftain system, while the Qing dynasty struggled to bureaucratise the native officers in ethnic minority areas? Third, why were the dynasties of Han ethnicity so hesitant to set up a provincial government while nomadic societies did not view this as a dilemma? Furthermore, why was the Qing dynasty, which was ethnically Han, able to break down these contradictions and create a stable provincial government and provincial state? This paper demonstrates that these changes may be explained by the propensity of the rulers to minimise the ruling risks and constraints that they encountered. Specifically, the ruler’s decision to centralise or decentralise power was constrained by certain challenges, such as fiscal and administrative costs, military technology limitations and political competition. These constraints impelled the ruling class to deviate from the system of prefectures and countries. Under these circumstances, the central government was forced to endure higher social risks and also the potential delegation of power. However, it would reduce the social and delegate risks provided that the constraints were loosened, which triggered the evolution of a power structure between the central and local governments. Another potential driving force behind the changes in the power structure was the dynamic between the social and agency risks. When these risks increased, the central government would readjust the centralisation and decentralisation of power at different government levels to control the rising risks.
Intergenerational housing asset transfer and the reproduction of housing inequality in urban China
Authors: Zhu Ling
Published: October 2018

After the massive commodification of urban housing in the 1990s, housing inequality is now a major source of wealth inequality in urban China. Previous studies of housing inequality have rarely explored the extent and mechanisms of intergenerational housing inequality reproduction. This study fills this gap and examines how intergenerational housing asset transfer affects housing status in contemporary urban China. An analysis of data from the 2006 Chinese General Social Survey yields two important findings. First, ascribed factors such as parental social status have a greater influence than individuals’ own social status on their housing status. Second, intergenerational housing asset transfer has become an important mechanism of housing inequality reproduction. Elite parents are more likely to provide transferred assets, which prevents their downward-mobilised children from changing their relative housing status. Against the backdrop of rising wealth inequality in China, this study illustrates how the intergenerational transmission of economic resources is becoming an increasingly important mechanism of inequality reproduction.
The system of special commissioners and the early labor movement of the Communist Party of China: Illustrated by the history of the Anyuan workers’ movement (1921–1925)
Authors: Ma Xuejun
Published: October 2018

Existing literature on the Communist Party of China (CPC)-led labor movement places particular emphasis on the revolutionary discourse and analysis of class struggle but pays less attention to the organizational form of the CPC-led labor movement from the perspective of organizational sociology. This paper uses the early Anyuan labor movement as its case study and analyzes and compares the work effectiveness of CPC special commissioners, Li Lisan and Liu Shaoqi, for the purpose of exploring the organizational form of the system of special commissioners in the CPC-led labor movement. Although Anyuan was an important early base of the workers’ movement of the CPC, the existing research contributes little on the subject of its historical process and the organizational form of the CPC-led Anyuan labor movement. This paper argues that Li Lisan created the Anyuan labor movement using his own personal resources, but his successor Liu Shaoqi failed to sustain the Anyuan movement. It shows that the system of special commissioners in the CPC was responsible for the rise and fall of the Anyuan labor movement. In the early stages of the CPC-led labor movement, neither the class consciousness of the workers nor the will of the central CPC committee determined the progress of the labor movement. Rather, this depended on the personal resources of the CPC special commissioners. The actual work effectiveness of special commissioners was related not only to their personal resources, but also to the commissioners’ positions in the CPC. The special commissioner system caused tension between the CPC unified leadership and individual commissioners. This led to the complex question of the relationship between professional revolutionary organizations and the masses in revolution. Specific analysis of the early system of special commissioners of the CPC helps us to focus on the organization of the CPC-led labor movement and also to understand the early forms of organizational development and evolution of the CPC.
‘Is It Family or Politics?’ Reflections on Gender and the Modern Tamil Subjectivity Constitution in the Discourse of C. N. Annadurai
Authors: Sujatha G.
Published: October 2018

This article attempts to investigate the relationship between the domestic and the politics in the modern Tamil subjectivity constitution during the period spanning from the 1940s to the 1960s. More specifically, it takes up the political discourse of C. N. Annadurai—a significant founding member of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK) and a man who played a decisive role in shaping the culture and politics of the state—and attempts to examine the spatial tension, that is, the fusion and commonalities between the domestic sphere and political space in modern Tamil subjectivity construction and the implications it had for gender.
Do Focal Chondral Defects of the Knee Increase the Risk for Progression to Osteoarthritis? A Review of the Literature
Authors: Houck Darby A. , Kraeutler Matthew J. , Belk John W. , Frank Rachel M. , McCarty Eric C. , Bravman Jonathan T.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Focal chondral defects (FCDs) of the knee are believed to contribute to the development of osteoarthritis (OA), resulting in pain and dysfunction.

Purpose:

To investigate whether untreated FCDs of the knee progress to radiographically evident OA over time.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A literature review was performed by searching the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to locate studies evaluating clinical and/or radiological outcomes of patients with FCDs that were diagnosed by arthroscopic surgery or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were left untreated with a minimum 2-year follow-up. Additionally, studies were included if there was a radiographic assessment of OA. Search terms used were “knee,” “focal,” “isolated,” “chondral,” “cartilage,” and “osteoarthritis.” Studies were evaluated based on clinical/radiological outcomes and OA risk factors. The study methodology was assessed using the modified Coleman Methodology Score.

Results:

Eight studies comprising 1425 knees met the inclusion criteria. All studies were of level 3 evidence. The risk of incident cartilage damage (enlargement of original FCDs or incidence of additional FCDs) at latest follow-up was assessed in 3 studies, while 1 study only reported the incidence of cartilage damage at follow-up. All 4 studies noted an increased progression of cartilage damage at follow-up. The progression of cartilage damage was most commonly seen in the patellofemoral joint and medial femoral condyle but was not associated with the development of knee OA based on the Kellgren-Lawrence grade. MRI of the FCDs revealed increased water content, cartilage deterioration, and proteoglycan loss within the medial and lateral compartments.

Conclusion:

Patients with untreated FCDs of the knee joint are more likely to experience a progression of cartilage damage, although the studies included in this review did not demonstrate the development of radiographically evident OA within 2 years of follow-up.
Objective Binaural Loudness Balancing Based on 40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Responses. Part I: Normal Hearing
Authors: Van Eeckhoutte Maaike , Wouters Jan , Francart Tom
Published: October 2018

Psychophysical procedures are used to balance loudness across the ears. However, they can be difficult and require active cooperation. We investigated whether 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) amplitudes can be used to objectively estimate the balanced loudness across the ears for a group of young, normal-hearing participants. The 40-Hz ASSRs were recorded using monaural stimuli with carrier frequencies of 500, 1000, or 2000 Hz over a range of levels between 40 and 80 dB SPL. Behavioral loudness balancing was performed for at least one reference level of the left ear. ASSR amplitude growth functions were listener dependent, but median across-ear ratios in ASSR amplitudes were close to 1. The differences between the ASSR-predicted balanced levels and the behaviorally found balanced levels were smaller than 5 dB in 59% of cases and smaller than 10 dB in 85% of cases. The differences between the ASSR-predicted balanced levels and the reference levels were smaller than 5 dB in 54% of cases and smaller than 10 dB in 87% of cases. No clear hemispheric lateralization was found for 40-Hz ASSRs, with the exception of responses evoked by stimulus levels of 40 to 60 dB SPL at 2000 Hz.
Objective Binaural Loudness Balancing Based on 40-Hz Auditory Steady-State Responses. Part II: Asymmetric and Bimodal Hearing
Authors: Van Eeckhoutte Maaike , Spirrov Dimitar , Wouters Jan , Francart Tom
Published: October 2018

In Part I, we investigated 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (ASSR) amplitudes for the use of objective loudness balancing across the ears for normal-hearing participants and found median across-ear ratios in ASSR amplitudes close to 1. In this part, we further investigated whether the ASSR can be used to estimate binaural loudness balance for listeners with asymmetric hearing, for whom binaural loudness balancing is of particular interest. We tested participants with asymmetric hearing and participants with bimodal hearing, who hear with electrical stimulation through a cochlear implant (CI) in one ear and with acoustical stimulation in the other ear. Behavioral loudness balancing was performed at different percentages of the dynamic range. Acoustical carrier frequencies were 500, 1000, or 2000 Hz, and CI channels were stimulated in apical or middle regions in the cochlea. For both groups, the ASSR amplitudes at balanced loudness levels were similar for the two ears, with median ratios between left and right ear stimulation close to 1. However, individual variability was observed. For participants with asymmetric hearing loss, the difference between the behavioral balanced levels and the ASSR-predicted balanced levels was smaller than 10 dB in 50% and 56% of cases, for 500 Hz and 2000 Hz, respectively. For bimodal listeners, these percentages were 89% and 60%. Apical CI channels yielded significantly better results (median difference near 0 dB) than middle CI channels, which had a median difference of −7.25 dB.
Calling on the Patient’s Perspective in Emergency Medicine: Analysis of 1 Year of a Patient Callback Program
Authors: Natsui Shaw , Aaronson Emily L , Joseph Tony A , Goldsmith Andrew J , Sonis Jonathan D , Raja Ali S , White Benjamin A , Luciani-Mcgillivray Ines , Mort Elizabeth
Published: October 2018

Background:

Patient-centered approaches in the evaluation of patient experience are increasingly important priorities for quality improvement in health-care delivery. Our objective was to investigate common themes in patient-reported data to better understand areas for improvement in the emergency department (ED) experience.

Methods:

A large urban, tertiary-care ED conducted phone interviews with 2607 patients who visited the ED during 2015. Patients were asked to identify one area that would have significantly improved their visit. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis, and the results were summarized with descriptive statistics.

Results:

The most commonly cited themes for improvement in the patient experience were wait time (49.4%) and communication (14.6%). Related, but more nuanced, themes emerged around the perception of ED crowding and compassionate care as additional important contributors to the patient experience. Other frequently cited factors contributing to a negative experience were the discharge process and inability to complete follow-up plan (8.0%), environmental factors (7.9%), perceived competency of providers in the evaluation or treatment (7.4%), and pain management (7.4%).

Conclusions:

Wait times and perceptions of ED crowding, as well as provider communication and compassionate care, are significant factors identified by patients that affect their ED experience.
Psychotic-Like Symptoms and the Temporal Lobe in Trauma-Related Disorders: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Assessment of Potential Malingering
Authors: Schiavone Francesca L. , McKinnon Margaret C. , Lanius Ruth A.
Published: October 2018

Objective

To overview the phenomenology, etiology, assessment, and treatment of psychotic-like symptoms in trauma-related disorders focusing on the proposed role of temporal lobe dysfunction.

Method

We describe the literature pertaining to (i) psychotic-like symptoms and temporal lobe dysfunction in trauma-related disorders and (ii) psychological testing profiles in trauma-related disorders. We define trauma-related disorders as borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and the dissociative disorders. Our search terms were dissociative disorders, temporal lobe, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, psychosis, and malingering.

Results

Trauma-related psychotic-like symptoms are common and can differ in phenomenology from primary psychotic symptoms. Hallucinations consist of auditory and nonauditory content that may or may not relate to traumatic content. Child voices are highly suggestive of complex dissociative disorders. Critically, not only do these symptoms resemble those seen in temporal lobe epilepsy, but the temporal lobe is implicated in trauma-related disorders, thus providing a plausible neurobiological explanation. Despite such evidence, these symptoms are frequently considered atypical and misdiagnosed. Indeed, common structured psychological assessment tools categorize these symptoms as possible indicators of invalid testing profiles.

Conclusion

Psychotic-like symptoms are common in trauma-related disorders, may be related to temporal lobe dysfunction, and are frequently misinterpreted. This may lead to ineffective treatment and inappropriate determinations of malingering in the forensic system.
Infused wild-type macrophages reside and self-renew in the liver to rescue the hemolysis and anemia of Hmox1-deficient mice
Authors: Kim Ki Soon , Zhang De-Liang , Kovtunovych Gennadiy , Ghosh Manik C. , Ollivierre Hayden , Eckhaus Michael A. , Rouault Tracey A.
Published: October 2018

Heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1), the inducible enzyme that catabolizes the degradation of heme into biliverdin, iron, and carbon monoxide, plays an essential role in the clearance of senescent and damaged red blood cells, systemic iron homeostasis, erythropoiesis, vascular hemostasis, and oxidative and inflammatory stress responses. In humans, HMOX1 deficiency causes a rare and lethal disease, characterized by severe anemia, intravascular hemolysis, as well as vascular and tissue damage. Hmox1 knockout (KO) mice recapitulated the phenotypes of HMOX1-deficiency patients and could be rescued by bone marrow (BM) transplantation that engrafted donor’s hematopoietic stem cells into the recipient animals after myeloablation. To find better therapy and elucidate the contribution of macrophages to the pathogenesis of HMOX1-deficiency disease, we infused wild-type (WT) macrophages into Hmox1 KO mice. Results showed that WT macrophages engrafted and proliferated in the livers of Hmox1 KO mice, which corrected the microcytic anemia, rescued the intravascular hemolysis, restored iron homeostasis, eliminated kidney iron overload and tissue damage, and provided long-term protection. These results showed that a single macrophage infusion delivered a long-term curative effect in Hmox1 KO mice, obviating the need for BM transplantation, and suggested that the HMOX1 disease stems mainly from the loss of viable reticuloendothelial macrophages. Our work provides new insights into the etiology of HMOX1 deficiency and demonstrates the potential of infusion of WT macrophages to prevent disease in patients with HMOX1 deficiency and potentially other macrophage-related diseases.
Department-Level Instructional Change: Comparing Prescribed versus Emergent Strategies
Authors: Fisher Kathleen Quardokus , Henderson Charles
Published: October 2018

Academic departments are thought to be highly productive units of change in higher education. This paper investigates department-level instructional change via case studies analyzed with two change frameworks. One framework embodies prescribed change, emphasizing leader actions. The other framework embodies emergent change, emphasizing participants’ responsibilities. Analysis identified successes and missed opportunities. The results provide guidance on how change agents might create vision, motivate participants, build momentum, and institutionalize change. Through familiarity with multiple change frameworks, a change agent can plan change initiatives that best fit with the local goals and context, thus increasing the likelihood of success.
A Low-Intensity, Hybrid Design between a “Traditional” and a “Course-Based” Research Experience Yields Positive Outcomes for Science Undergraduate Freshmen and Shows Potential for Large-Scale Application
Authors: Rodrigo-Peiris Thushani , Xiang Lin , Cassone Vincent M.
Published: October 2018

Based on positive student outcomes, providing research experiences from early undergraduate years is recommended for science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) majors. To this end, we designed a novel research experience called the “STEMCats Research Experience” (SRE) for a cohort of 119 second-semester freshmen with diverse college preparatory levels, demographics, and academic majors. The SRE targeted student outcomes of enhancing retention in STEM majors, STEM competency development, and STEM academic performance. It was designed as a hybrid of features from apprenticeship-based traditional undergraduate research experience and course-based undergraduate research experience designs, considering five factors: 1) an authentic research experience, 2) a supportive environment, 3) current and future needs for scale, 4) student characteristics and circumstances, and 5) availability and sustainability of institutional resources. Emerging concepts for facilitating and assessing student success and STEM curriculum effectiveness were integrated into the SRE design and outcomes evaluation. Here, we report the efficient and broadly applicable SRE design and, based on the analysis of institutional data and student perceptions, promising student outcomes from its first iteration. Potential improvements for the SRE design and future research directions are discussed.
Effective CRISPR/Cas9-based nucleotide editing in zebrafish to model human genetic cardiovascular disorders
Authors: Tessadori Federico , Roessler Helen I. , Savelberg Sanne M. C. , Chocron Sonja , Kamel Sarah M. , Duran Karen J. , van Haelst Mieke M. , van Haaften Gijs , Bakkers Jeroen
Published: October 2018

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a popular vertebrate model organism to study organ formation and function due to its optical clarity and rapid embryonic development. The use of genetically modified zebrafish has also allowed identification of new putative therapeutic drugs. So far, most studies have relied on broad overexpression of transgenes harboring patient-derived mutations or loss-of-function mutants, which incompletely model the human disease allele in terms of expression levels or cell-type specificity of the endogenous gene of interest. Most human genetically inherited conditions are caused by alleles carrying single nucleotide changes resulting in altered gene function. Introduction of such point mutations in the zebrafish genome would be a prerequisite to recapitulate human disease but remains challenging to this day. We present an effective approach to introduce small nucleotide changes in the zebrafish genome. We generated four different knock-in lines carrying distinct human cardiovascular-disorder-causing missense mutations in their zebrafish orthologous genes by combining CRISPR/Cas9 with a short template oligonucleotide. Three of these lines carry gain-of-function mutations in genes encoding the pore-forming (Kir6.1, KCNJ8) and regulatory (SUR2, ABCC9) subunits of an ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) linked to Cantú syndrome (CS). Our heterozygous zebrafish knock-in lines display significantly enlarged ventricles with enhanced cardiac output and contractile function, and distinct cerebral vasodilation, demonstrating the causality of the introduced mutations for CS. These results demonstrate that introducing patient alleles in their zebrafish orthologs promises a broad application for modeling human genetic diseases, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies using this model organism.
Mixed logical dynamical model of the pulsed gas tungsten arc welding process with varied gap
Authors: Ma H , Wei S , Li L , Lin T , Chen S
Published: October 2018

The modelling and control of the welding process are crucial and challenging issues in automated welding. However, many uncertainties are encountered during welding that will change the seam state, such as the existence of a seam gap. The seam gap is one of the most important measurable parameters that influence the dynamic process of welding. Benefitting from research on hybrid systems, the present study proposes a kind of mixed logic dynamical (MLD) model to describe the interrelationship between process parameters and seam gap in pulsed gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW). Random experiments have been designed to excite the dynamics of the GTAW process for different gap widths and the effectiveness of the MLD model is illustrated by evaluating the back-side width of the weld seam. Finally, the stability and reliability of the MLD model are tested against an experiment with proportional—integral—differential control.
Individual metering fluid power systems: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Eriksson B , Palmberg J-O
Published: October 2018

A review of recent and current research on individual metering fluid power systems is presented. An overview of different systems and their pros and cons is given. General challenges related to independent metering fluid power systems are discussed. The major choices in the design of these systems are the hardware layout and the control strategy. The evolution of existing independent metering fluid power systems from the 1970s until the present day is also presented.
New results on exponential stability for Markovian jumping neural networks with time-varying discrete and distributed delays
Authors: Zhang D , Yu L
Published: October 2018

The present paper is concerned with the mean-square exponential stability for a class of Markovian jumping neural networks with time-varying discrete and distributed delays. The discrete delay is assumed to be time-varying and belong to a given interval, where the lower and upper bounds of delay are available. Based on the newly constructed Lyapunov—Krasovskii functional, some new delay-interval-dependent exponential stability criteria are obtained in terms of linear matrix inequalities. Finally, two numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed results.
An enhanced static mathematical model of braided fibre-reinforced pneumatic artificial muscles
Authors: Shen W , Shi G-L
Published: October 2018

This paper presents a new static mathematical model of a type of pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM). Generally, there are three main kinds of PAM, of which the braided fibre-reinforced PAM is most common. The PAM produced by Festo Company (abbreviated as FMPAM in this paper) and McKibben muscle all belong to the category of braided fibre-reinforced PAM. However, the structure of FMPAM is different from that of McKibben muscle. In FMPAM, elastic material (elastomer) and braided reinforced fibres are mixed together. A quasi finite element method based on certain assumptions is suggested to derive the mathematic model via the elasticity principle of virtual work, in which the grid of every braided fibre is regarded as an element. By using such a method, it is possible to consider the elasticity of the braided fibres. Finally, a simplification and a compensation item are introduced to the static mathematical model. An experimental facility is set up to determine the tension—pressure—length character of the FMPAM in a quasi static experiment. The experimental results show that the new mathematical model developed in this paper can shed light on the static or quasi static character of FMPAM.
The 24-Hour Activity Cycle: A New Paradigm for Physical Activity
Authors: ROSENBERGER MARY E. , FULTON JANET E. , BUMAN MATTHEW P. , TROIANO RICHARD P. , GRANDNER MICHAEL A. , BUCHNER DAVID M. , HASKELL WILLIAM L.
Published: October 2018

The physiologic mechanisms by which the four activities of sleep, sedentary behavior, light-intensity physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) affect health are related, but these relationships have not been well explored in adults. Research studies have commonly evaluated how time spent in one activity affects health. Because one can only increase time in one activity by decreasing time in another, such studies cannot determine the extent that a health benefit is due to one activity versus due to reallocating time among the other activities. For example, interventions to improve sleep possibly also increase time spent in MVPA. If so, the overall effect of such interventions on risk of premature mortality is due to both more MVPA and better sleep. Further, the potential for interaction between activities to affect health outcomes is largely unexplored. For example, is there a threshold of MVPA minutes per day, above which adverse health effects of sedentary behavior are eliminated? This article considers the 24-h Activity Cycle (24-HAC) model as a paradigm for exploring inter-relatedness of health effects of the four activities. It discusses how to measure time spent in each of the four activities, as well as the analytical and statistical challenges in analyzing data based on the model, including the inevitable challenge of confounding among activities. The potential usefulness of this model is described by reviewing selected research findings that aided in the creation of the model and discussing future applications of the 24-HAC model.
The Content of Descriptive Geometry Course For High Educational Institution’s In the Third Industrial Revolution’s Era
Authors: Поликарпов Юрий , Polikarpov Yuriy
Published: October 2018

A brief journey into the history of industrial revolutions has been presented. It is noted that our society has entered the third industrial revolution’s era. In this regard, the main consequences of the third industrial revolution have been noted. The stages of development for design methods and the basic science providing the design process have been considered. The historical necessity and significance of Gaspar Monge’s descriptive geometry appearance has been considered as well. Modern products design approaches using CAD systems are described. It is stated that design has again returned to three-dimensional space, in fact prior to the Monge’s era, but at a new stage of development. The conclusion is drawn that, taking into account the realities and needs of modern production, it is necessary to modernize the descriptive geometry course for technical high educational institutions. The author's suggestions on course content changing are presented related to extension of one sections and reducing of another ones, taking into account the fact that in real design practice the designer solves geometric problems in three-dimensional space, rather than in a complex drawing. It is noted that in connection with the extensive use of CAD systems, the design stages and the composition of design documentation developed at each stage are changed. Such concepts as "electronic model" and "electronic document" have appeared and are widely used, that is confirmed by adoption of new USDD standards. In such a case the role and significance of some types of drawings may change in the near future, since modern CAD systems allow transfer to production not 2D drawings, but electronic models and product drawings.
Computational Algorithms For Modeling of One-Dimensional Contours Through k In Advance Given Points
Authors: Конопацкий Евгений , Konopatskiy Evgeniy , Крысько А. , Krys'ko A. , Бумага А. , Bumaga A.
Published: October 2018

In this paper have been proposed theoretical bases for formation one-dimensional contours of the first order smoothness, passing through k in advance given points, including requirements to the contour in general, and the contour’s arcs in particular, as well as representations for tangents in extreme and intermediate contour sections, which determine the contour arc shape. Based on this theoretical material have been developed computational algorithms for simulation of closed (A5, A6) and open (A1-A4) contours according to postulated conditions, which allow form irregular composite curves and surfaces with different degree of complexity, docked together on the first order smoothness. The proposed computational algorithms can also be used to construct contours of higher orders smoothness using arcs of the same ratio curves. For analytical description of computational algorithms for one-dimensional contours simulation is used the mathematical apparatus of BN-calculation (Balyuba – Naidysh point calculation). The obtained algorithms have been presented in a point form, which is a symbolic form. For transition from point equations to a system of parametric equations, it is necessary to perform a coordinate-by-coordinate calculation, which can be presented geometrically as population of projections on the global coordinate system’s axes. As an example has been presented a computational algorithm that provides the use a system of parametric equations instead of symbolic point recording. The proposed algorithms have been successfully used for computer modeling and prediction for the impact of geometric shape imperfections on the strength and stability of engineering structures’ thin-walled shells. In particular, a numerical study method for a stress-strain state of steel vertical cylindrical reservoirs with regard to imperfections of theirs geometric shapes has been proposed.
Increasing the availability of payment services through the development of user identification systems
Authors: Криворучко Светлана , Krivoruchko Svetlana , Понаморенко Владислав , Ponamorenko Vladislav , Лопатин Валерий , Lopatin Valeriy , Мамута Михаил , Mamuta Mihail , Достов Виктор , Dostov Viktor , Емелин Андрей , Emelin Andrey , Маклакова Татьяна , Maklakova Tat'yana , Брагина Тамара , Bragina Tamara
Published: October 2018

The monograph is devoted to the development and justification of conceptual approaches, methods and tools to improve the availability of payment services of Russian money transfer systems through the development of user identification systems.
Scientific transactions: networks and hierarchies in social Sciences
Authors: Олейник Антон , Oleynik Anton
Published: October 2018

How does the scientific "kitchen" - this question is devoted to the book. On the example of the situation in the economic Sciences and a number of other social Sciences, the organization of scientific transactions with North America and Russia is considered and compared. It is shown how scientists interact with colleagues and students in the immediate vicinity and with the "generalized Other", that is, with the readers of their works. Particular attention is paid to conflicts of interest and their impact on the review process and productivity of scientific work.
Development of autopsychological competence in professional training of specialists taking into account the specifics of work in the Arctic
Authors: Полетаева Ольга , Poletaeva Ol'ga
Published: October 2018

The monograph reveals the specifics of human work and functioning in extreme conditions of the Arctic. Conditions and possibilities of educational institution in formation of autopsychological competence are revealed.
The development of self — consciousness, autopsychological competence of the subject of labor activity is considered as the main factor of effective management of the ergatic system "man — technical device-environment" and as a condition of professional longevity. Widely presented material on psychological health, diagnostic tools and means of regulation of States. The use of these funds increases the health savings opportunities of workers in the Arctic.
The monograph includes the author's model of behavior expected from employees, taking into account the requirements of work in the Arctic regions. The use of the Model allows to form and develop ideas about personal opportunities, features of a person who connects his professional activity with the Arctic territory.
The practice-oriented nature of the monograph increases the number of its readers: visitors to the construction and operation of facilities, residents of the Arctic territories, schoolchildren, students, teachers and teachers of the vocational training system. The monograph can be used in theoretical courses "Engineering psychology", "Transport psychology", "Psychology of work", special courses "Engineering psychology and ergonomic bases of maintenance of bzhd" etc.
Legal regulation of restrictions on the turnover of land plots
Authors: Корнилова Ульяна , Kornilova Ul'yana , Мельников Николай , Melnikov Nikolay
Published: October 2018

This monograph is a comprehensive study of the Institute of restrictions of land turnover and prospects of its development in the Russian legislation. The book is addressed to students, undergraduates, graduate students, teachers of law schools and faculties, as well as practicing lawyers.
Climatography of the Evpatoria resort
Authors: Любчик Вера , Lyubchik Vera
Published: October 2018

In the monograph of doctor of medical Sciences Lyubchik Vera Nikolaevna reflects the climatic changes of the Evpatoria resort since 1947, given a medical assessment of climatic conditions of the resort in comparison with some other black sea resorts, traced the features of meteorological reactions in children with various diseases, indications and principles of dosing of climatic treatment in children and adults.
For students, postgraduates and teachers, as well as all those interested in medical climatology.
Development of logical thinking in preschool children
Authors: Белошистая Анна , Beloshistaya Anna
Published: October 2018

The book presents the results of many years of research in the field of logical thinking of preschool children. The conceptual provisions are formulated and substantiated, the content is substantiated and the methodological support (technology) of the development process of logical thinking of preschool children is presented, taking into account the requirements of continuity and continuity of the learning process.
The book will be useful both for teachers and researchers in the field of education, as well as students-diploma, masters, graduate students, and is of direct interest to practitioners: educators and methodologists of DOE.
Slack Time and Innovation
Authors: Agrawal Ajay , Catalini Christian , Goldfarb Avi , Luo Hong
Published: October 2018

The relationship between slack resources and innovation is complex, with the literature linking slack to both breakthrough innovations and resource misallocation. We reconcile these conflicting views by focusing on a novel mechanism: the role slack time plays in the endogenous allocation of time and effort to innovative projects. We develop a theoretical model that distinguishes between periods of high- (work weeks) versus low- (break weeks) opportunity costs of time. Low-opportunity cost time during break weeks may induce (1) lower quality ideas to be developed (a selection effect); (2) more effort to be applied for any given idea quality (an effort effect); and (3) an increase in the use of teams because scheduling is less constrained (a coordination effect). As a result, the effect of an increase in slack time on innovative outcomes is ambiguous, because the selection effect may induce more low-quality ideas, whereas the effort and coordination effect may lead to more high-quality, complex ideas. We test this framework using data on college breaks and on 165,410 Kickstarter projects across the United States. Consistent with our predictions, during university breaks, more projects are posted in the focal regions, and the increase is largest for projects of either very high or very low quality. Furthermore, projects posted during breaks are more complex, and involve larger teams with diverse skills. We discuss the implications for the design of policies on slack time.

The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2018.1215 .
Can mental imagery predicts reading comprehension?
Authors: Yousef Atoum Adnan , M. Reziq Abdullah
Published: October 2018

The current study aimed at investigating the predictive ability of mental Imagery patterns on reading comprehension among students of the basic stage in Jordan. To achieve the aim of the study, 319 students chosen randomly from (6291) in Al-Quesmeh area in Amman, Jordan. In addition, the Sheveland (1992) mental imagery scale and the reading comprehension test were prepared and validated. The results of the study indicated that visual, auditory, olfactory and feelings Imagery predicted significantly reading comprehension.