bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tibial Footprint Size as Measured on Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Does It Reliably Predict Actual Size?
Authors: Kim Seong Hwan , Lee Han-Jun , Park Yong-Beom , Jeong Han-Sol , Ha Chul-Won
Published: May 2018

Background:

Measuring the size of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tibial footprint on magnetic resonance image (MRI) is common for preoperative planning of ACL reconstruction. However, the accuracy of such measurement has not been well documented.

Purpose:

To investigate whether the actual size of the ACL tibial footprint could be predicted by its measurement on MRI and to develop equations to improve the accuracy of predicting the actual size based on MRI measurement.

Study Design:

Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 164 patients with normal visualized ACL in gross evaluation and MRI were included (mean ± SD age, 67.3 ± 8.3 years). Cases with ACL tear, severe mucoid degeneration, osteophyte around the ACL tibial insertion, or intervals >12 months between MRI and actual measurement were excluded. The ACL tibial footprint was carefully dissected and measured during total knee arthroplasty. The length of the ACL tibial footprint on MRI was measured on a sagittal image, while the width was measured on an oblique coronal image. For the ACL tibial footprint, the association between measurement on MRI and actual measurement of length and width was analyzed via univariable and multivariable regression analyses. Reliability of measurements on MRI was also evaluated.

Results:

The length and width of the ACL tibial footprint as measured on MRI showed strong correlation with the actual length and width (coefficients: ρ = 0.904 and ρ = 0.808, respectively). There were differences between ACL size on MRI and its actual size: length, 12.4 mm (range, 9.7-15.3 mm) vs 13.8 (10.6-17.8) ( P < .001); width, 8.8 mm (range, 7.0-12.1 mm) vs 7.2 (5.8-10.4) ( P < .001). Based on sex, there were also differences between the size per MRI and the actual size ( P < .001 for all): length in men, 12.6 mm (range, 10.9-15.3 mm) vs 14.2 (12.3-17.8); length in women, 12.4 mm (range, 9.7-14.5 mm) vs 13.7 (10.6-15.8); width in men, 9.3 mm (range, 8.0-12.1 mm) vs 7.6 (5.8-10.4); width in women, 8.7 mm (range, 7.0-10.4 mm) vs 7.2 (5.8-9.7). The actual length of the ACL tibial footprint could be predicted by its length on MRI and sex ( R2 = 0.83, P < .001). Similarly, actual width could be predicted by the width on MRI and sex ( R2 = 0.75, P < .001). All intraclass correlation coefficients were >0.8, indicating good reliability.

Conclusion:

Measurements of the size of the ACL tibial footprint on MRI showed strong correlation with its actual size. Prediction equations showed good concordance correlation coefficients.
Money can’t buy love but can it buy peace? Evidence from the EU Programme for Peace and Reconciliation (PEACE II)
Authors: Brück Tilman , Ferguson Neil T. N.
Published: May 2018

Efforts to evaluate third-party peacebuilding interventions are welcome but many studies rely on experimental approaches that might be at odds with the theories that underpin the discipline. Rigorously evaluating interventions ill-suited to experimental analyses is just as important, however, especially when programmes adopt novel approaches. In this article, we employ an instrumental variables approach to evaluate one such intervention – the EU Programme for Peace and Reconciliation (PEACE II). Following contemporary peacebuilding theories, PEACE II disseminated funds to grassroots organizations via unique intermediate funding bodies and an innovative open competition. Splitting Northern Ireland into 582 wards, we merge panel data on individuals’ perceptions of neighbourhood quality with PEACE II’s accounts. One-stage analyses show that individuals in treatment regions report significantly elevated perceptions. Two-stage approaches, accounting for biases arising from the rollout method, show no significant relationship. Post-estimation analyses imply that funding did not reach areas with the poorest observable indicators. We thus remain agnostic on the effectiveness of the funded projects but conclude that, despite solid theoretical foundations, weaknesses in the application of these theories hampered potential positive impacts. Future interventions can learn from this and should ensure stronger ties between the theoretical base and how these theories are applied to funding disbursement.

JEL Codes: O18; F35
Development of a process for the manufacturing of SU-8 100 for the use in cell culture
Authors: Blume Grit , Mielke Gabriela , Kohnert Jessica , Pörtner Ralf , Trieu Khiem H
Published: May 2018

SU-8 100 is a negative-tone photoresist which is used for the manufacturing of structures with high thickness and aspect ratio. The use of SU-8 100 systems in cell culture is difficult due to its cytotoxicity resulting from leachables. In this article, the production process of non-cytotoxic SU-8 100 foils is described. The aim is to create a polymer scaffold with integrated sensors in order to enable online measurements of cell growth and viability within a three-dimensional cell culture. This scaffold could be a useful tool for testing biological effects of pharmaceutical substances. Therefore, the scaffold material must not have a negative influence on the cell growth and viability. Among the biocompatibility tests described in DIN EN ISO 10993-5, the neutral red uptake method was chosen to evaluate the cytotoxicity of polymer foils. The production process of SU-8 100 was altered in such a way that non-cytotoxic SU-8 100 foils can be manufactured.
Altering Violent Repertoires: Perspectives on Violence in the Prison-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Program Anger Management
Authors: Laursen Julie , Henriksen Ann-Karina
Published: May 2018

Based on ethnographic research in three Danish prisons, this article explores meanings of violence among prisoners, as they are narrated in the context of the prison-based cognitive-behavioral program Anger Management. The empirical data shows that the prisoners’ and instructors’ perspectives and understandings of violence diverge in significant ways. We find that these discrepancies result in disputes and misunderstandings, where prisoners’ experiences of violence are devalued and rendered illegitimate in a treatment context where violence is considered unacceptable and a result of faulty thinking. Drawing on anthropological theory on violence as contextual, trivialized, and embedded in narratives of self, we propose a framework that enables reflections on violence more attuned to the prisoners’ own narratives and reasoning. Such nuanced understandings of violence could provide more durable ways of altering violent repertoires.
New fluorinated aromatic polyamides based on N,N-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylaniline
Authors: Zhou Yu-Ting , Huang Zhen-Zhong , Song Cheng , Tang Chuan-Chao , Liu Xiao-Ling , Sheng Shou-Ri
Published: May 2018

A new aromatic diacid monomer, N, N-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-4-trifluoromethylaniline, was synthesized by the substitution reaction of 4-trifluoromethylaniline with 4-fluorobenzonitrile, followed by alkaline hydrolysis of the dinitrile intermediate. Several polyamides with 4-trifluoromethyltriphenylamine moieties were prepared from the diacid and various aromatic diamines via the direct phosphorylation polycondensation. All the polyamides were amorphous and readily soluble in many polar organic solvents such as N, N-dimethylacetamide and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and could be solution-cast into transparent, tough, and flexible films with good mechanical properties. They exhibited good thermal stability with glass transition temperatures of 260–330°C, 10% weight-loss temperatures above 500°C, and char yields higher than 60% at 800°C in nitrogen. These polymers had low dielectric constants of 3.35–3.72 (100 Hz), low water uptake of 1.80–2.60%, and high transparency with an ultraviolet–visible absorption cutoff wavelength in the range of 378–390 nm. Cyclic voltammograms of the polyamide films cast onto an indium-tin oxide–coated glass substrate exhibited a reversible oxidation redox coupled with oxidation half-wave potentials ( E 1/2) of 0.95–1.04 V versus silver/silver chloride in an acetonitrile solution.
Investigation of the lubrication system in a vehicle axle: Optimization and experimental validation
Authors: Peng Qianlei , Zhou Chi , Gui Liangjin , Fan Zijie
Published: May 2018

Transmission efficiency is the main concern in the design of lubrication systems for gear transmission systems, such as the vehicle axle. This paper presents an optimization method to reduce the churning loss and improve the transmission efficiency in an axle based on computational fluid dynamics and the response surface method. A simplified model was applied to determine the optimal solutions to reduce the churning loss of the wheel. The response surface models were constructed based on the numerical and orthogonal experiments to approximate the relationship between the related structures and the churning loss. A multi-objective optimization model was developed to reduce the churning loss at speeds of 50 and 90 km/h. The multi-objective optimization method of non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II was applied to determine the Pareto front of the optimal solutions for the churning loss. A comparative experiment was conducted to validate the optimal effect. The measurements indicate the churning loss in the optimal axle was 10.4–12.3% lower than that in the original axle, and the oil temperature in the optimal axle was approximately 2.1°C lower than that of the original axle.
Finite-time antisaturation control for spacecraft rendezvous and docking with safe constraint
Authors: Wu Guan-qun , Song Shen-Min , Sun Jing-guang
Published: May 2018

This thesis studies control schemes for spacecraft safe rendezvous and docking considering input saturation. Based on the spacecraft attitude and orbit coupled model, by using fast terminal sliding mode method, a finite-time antisaturation controller and an adaptive finite-time antisaturation controller are designed for the situations of known and unknown upper bound of external disturbances, respectively. In controller design, a novel continuous and differentiable collision avoidance potential function is presented to restrict motion area and guarantee the safety of the spacecrafts. Meanwhile, the saturation function and auxiliary system are introduced to deal with the input saturation. Lyapunov theory is utilized to prove that the error states of the system under the proposed controllers are finite-time convergent, and the rendezvous and docking without collision can be accomplished. The numerical simulation results indicate that the chaser can realize the rendezvous and docking with input saturation and safe constraint, which can further illustrate the effectiveness of the designed controllers.
Effects of Cryopreservation Duration on the Outcome of Single-Unit Cord Blood Transplantation
Authors: Jaing Tang-Her , Chen Shih-Hsiang , Wen Yu-Chuan , Chang Tsung-Yen , Yang Ya-Chun , Tsay Pei-Kwei
Published: May 2018

Cryopreservation is widely used in umbilical cord blood (UCB) banking, yet its impact on progenitor cell function remains largely unaddressed. It is unknown whether long-term cryopreservation affects UCB transplantation outcomes. Herein, we evaluated the impact of UCB age on clinical outcomes and investigated the effect of cryopreservation duration of UCB on hematopoietic potency in 91 patients receiving single cord blood transplantations. UCB cryopreservation duration was 0.7 to 13.4 y. The most common indication of transplant was thalassemia (48%). There was no significant association between cryopreservation duration and neutrophil engraftment probability ( P = 0.475). Cryopreservation duration did not affect the post-thaw viability and subsequent neutrophil engraftment rate. Therefore, UCB units can undergo cryopreservation for at least 8 y with no impact on clinical outcomes.
Individualized Care Scale-patient: A Spanish validation study
Authors: Rodríguez-Martín Beatriz , Martin-Martin Raúl , Suhonen Riitta
Published: May 2018

Background:

I suggest this individualized care is a fundamental principle closely linked to nursing ethics and has important benefits for the patients, however, nurses do not always take into consideration the principles of individualized care. Moreover, there is no validated instrument to assess patients’ views of individualized care in Spanish-speaking countries.

Objectives:

To assess the validity and reliability of the Spanish version of the Individualized Care Scale-patient.

Design:

A cross-sectional study design was conducted. A questionnaire survey, including the Individualized Care Scale-patient, was used for data collection. Psychometric properties of reliability and validity were assessed. Fit indices of the overall model were computed.

Participants and research context:

Survey data were collected from a sample of 118 inpatients at a public hospital in Spain.

Ethical considerations:

Informed consent from participants and ethical approval was obtained from a regional Clinical Research Ethics Committee.

Findings:

Ordinal Cronbach’s alphas were 0.966 for Individualized Care Scale-patient subscale A and 0.969 for Individualized Care Scale-patient subscale B. The polychoric correlation between each item and the subscale ranged between 0.653–0.874 and 0.604–0.916, respectively. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor solution. Personal life situation explained relatively large amounts of the variance. Goodness of fit index showed a good fit for the model.

Discussion:

This study confirms three factors underlining the individualized care concept, but some differences were found in the load of the factors, such as the relevance of “personal life situation” subscale, that need further research.

Conclusion:

The Spanish version of the Individualized Care Scale-patient is reliable, valid, user-friendly, and suitable to be used in Spanish-speaking countries showing satisfactory properties. This instrument may help managers better understand and develop areas in which patients perceive lower individualized care received and the factors influencing it. Such key information will help ensure the right of the patient to be respected as an individual.
Patients’ perception of dignity in Iranian general hospital settings
Authors: Hosseini Fahimeh Alsadat , Momennasab Marzieh , Yektatalab Shahrzad , Zareiyan Armin
Published: May 2018

Background:

Dignified care is one of the main objectives of holistic care. Furthermore, paying attention to dignity as one of the fundamental rights of patients is extremely important. However, in many cases, the dignity of hospitalized patients is not considered. Dignity is an abstract concept, and comprehensive studies of the dignity of Iranian patients hospitalized in general hospital settings are limited.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to explore the concept of dignity from the perspective of patients hospitalized in general hospital settings in Iran.

Research design:

This study takes a qualitative approach. Data were gathered using individual, semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis was the method used to analyse and interpret the data. The criteria suggested by Guba and Lincoln were used ensure the trustworthiness of the study.

Participants and research context:

A total of 14 hospitalized patients in general hospital settings in Shiraz participated in this study.

Ethical considerations:

The Research Ethics Committee of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences approved the protocol of the study and the ethical principles were followed throughout.

Findings:

The findings of this study revealed four main themes – ‘respectful atmosphere’, ‘patient privacy’, ‘preservation of authority’ and ‘receiving attention’ – and 10 categories.

Discussion:

Patients need to be hospitalized in a respectable environment in which their privacy is preserved and paid attention, providing them with sufficient authority in terms of medical decisions and their life-related issues. The dignity of hospitalized patients will be preserved under these conditions.

Conclusion:

Patients hospitalized in general hospital settings need to retain their dignity. This can contribute to the optimal therapeutic outcomes for them. Therefore, it is suggested that a cultural, professional and institutional background, in which all components of the patient’s dignity are protected and emphasized, should be provided.
A 3-year retrospective analysis of elderly patients with heat illness
Authors: Mo Weichun , Chen Junfeng , Zhang Feng , Shen Jie
Published: May 2018

Background:

Heat illness in elderly patients has frequently occurred. Because of the difficulties in diagnosis and treatment, it is necessary for us to understand the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with heat illness.

Objective:

This study presents the demographic, clinical, and laboratory data for elderly patients who presented to our emergency department with heat illness and compares elderly group and non-elderly group to find out characteristics of elderly patient.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed the data of the elderly heat illness patients who had been presented to the emergency department of Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, between 1 July 2014 and 1 October 2016.

Results:

There were 64 patients in the study in total and 25 elderly patients (39.1%). The mean age of the elderly patients was 72.8 ± 6.7 years; 18 cases (72%) were male and 7 cases (28%) were female. There were 5 mild cases (20%) and 20 severe cases (80%) in the elderly, which included 1 with heat cramps (5%), 4 with heat exhaustion (20%), and 15 with heat stroke (75%). Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase were significantly higher in the elderly than in the non-elderly (p < 0.0001; t-value = −3.915 and −5.134, respectively). The Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and Modified Early Warning System score were significantly higher in the elderly than in the non-elderly (p < 0.0001; t-value = −6.411 and −4.705, respectively). Age was positively correlated with the Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II score and Modified Early Warning System score (r2 = 0.4939 and 0.3317, respectively; p value all <0.0001). The Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was positively correlated with lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase (r2 = 0.4103 and 0.4520, respectively; p value all <0.0001). The Modified Early Warning System score was positively correlated with lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase (r2 = 0.4759 and 0.5850, respectively; p value all <0.0001). There were 19 patients (76%) who improved and 6 patients (24%) who died in the elderly group.

Conclusion:

Chronic diseases and complications have increased rates in the elderly, who are also more likely to acquire severe heat illness, especially heat stroke. Lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase are positively correlated with Acute Physiologic Assessment and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores and Modified Early Warning System scores, which indicates that lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase could be good predictors of the severity of heat illness.
Obstructive sleep apnoea is more prevalent in men with schizophrenia compared to general population controls: results of a matched cohort study
Authors: Myles Hannah , Vincent Andrew , Myles Nicholas , Adams Robert , Chandratilleke Madhu , Liu Dennis , Mercer Jeremy , Vakulin Andrew , Wittert Gary , Galletly Cherrie
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) may be more common in people with schizophrenia compared to the general population, but the relative prevalence is unknown. Here, we determine the relative prevalence of severe OSA in a cohort of men with schizophrenia compared to representative general population controls, and investigate the contribution of age and body mass index (BMI) to differences in prevalence.

Methods:

Rates of severe OSA (apnoea–hypopnoea index > 30) were compared between male patients with schizophrenia and controls from a representative general population study of OSA.

Results:

The prevalence of severe OSA was 25% in the schizophrenia group and 12.3% in the general population group. In subgroups matched by age, the relative risk of severe OSA was 2.9 ( p = 0.05) in the schizophrenia subjects, but when adjusted for age and BMI, the relative risk dropped to 1.7 and became non-significant ( p = 0.17).

Conclusions:

OSA is prevalent in men with schizophrenia. Obesity may be an important contributing factor to the increased rate of OSA.
Who Should Do Minority Research?
Authors: Smith Neilson F.
Published: May 2018

Racism—a pervasive, destructive, and virulent reality in American society—with its associated distortions is a potential pollutant of research
Consultation by Participation in Child Psychiatry
Authors: Portnoi Tikvah S. , Lam Dianne J. , Rosenheim Eliyahu , Livingstone John B. , Sherry S. Norman , North Betty , Onesti Silvio J.
Published: May 2018

An effective technique is described which enhances the growth of the consultee's professional capacity and contributes to improved patient care
Stigma Reduction and the Corrections–Oriented Worker
Authors: Daste Barry M. , Perkins Robert A.
Published: May 2018

Current sociological theory suggests working with the social audience of the released offender to deal more effectively with the problem of recidivism
The Imposition of Values in Social Casework
Authors: Foot Hugh C. , Russell-Lacy Steven P.
Published: May 2018

Research is reported testing the hypothesis that decisions involving the imposition of social values are more readily taken with working-class clients
An Overview of Some Aspects of Female Sexuality
Authors: Loewenstein Sophie
Published: May 2018

A critical review of current research is presented, as well as a reflection on the concomitant changing values and beliefs of women in the sexual area
Social Work with Transsexuals
Authors: Levine Candace Orcutt
Published: May 2018

The social worker can be of significant help in the treatment of the transsexual client through informed use of skills and creation of a network of resources
Practice and Policy: A Family Focus
Authors: Meyer Carol H.
Published: May 2018

In considering and dealing with the impact of social policy on families, social workers should elicit all possible implications—good or bad—for practice
Adoption of Older Children: The Problems Faced
Authors: Gill Margaret M.
Published: May 2018

A group program for families adopting older children encouraged expression of common postplacement concerns and provided strong support for problem situations
Cooperative Apartment Program of a Family Agency
Authors: Fisher Thais , Nackman Nathan S. , Keller Mary , Vyas Ashutosh
Published: May 2018

This unique apartment program is designed to provide social and emotional support as well as food and shelter to the discharged psychiatric patient
Group Work Outreach to Parents by School Social Workers
Authors: Wayne Julianne L. , Feinstein Barbara B.
Published: May 2018

Activity or discussion group experience can open the door to serving a hard-to-reach population — the parents of children in special education programs
Large Adoptive Families: A Special Resource
Authors: Ward Margaret
Published: May 2018

A large family may be the most appropriate adoptive home for children with relational difficulties, needs for socialization, structure, or cultural enrichment
Clients' Rights and Casework Records
Authors: Freed Anne O.
Published: May 2018

The clients' right to see their casework records can be used by the social worker as a valuable tool to increase communication in the casework process
Issues in Transracial and Transcultural Adoption
Authors: Kim Dong Soo
Published: May 2018

The continuing influx of foreign children adopted across racial and cultural lines has raised new questions about their adjustment that social workers need to consider
Hospital Board and Staff: Partners for Change
Authors: Fields Grace
Published: May 2018

A board and staff committee formed to advocate for the rights of dependent children can positively affect their treatment by other community agencies
Preventive Intervention for Children of Divorce
Authors: Woody Jane Divita
Published: May 2018

The high rate of problems suffered by children of divorce may be ameliorated by an active professional stance aiming at early intervention
Adolescent Mourning Reactions to Infant and Fetal Loss
Authors: Horowitz Nancy Heller
Published: May 2018

Adolescents who do not fully address the process of mourning after abortion, miscarriage, or infant loss may face a greater risk of subsequent pregnancy
Inner and Outer Space in Social Casework
Authors: Loewenstein Sophie Freud
Published: May 2018

Ego psychology's concept of inner space is being displaced by new developments in situation and communication theories that offer a more dynamic and useful approach to helping people. Social workers are increasingly applying these new theories and finding them more congruent with actual practice.
A Parental Dilemma: The Child with a Marginal Handicap
Authors: Willner Selma K. , Crane Rochelle
Published: May 2018

Social workers helping the parents of marginally handicapped children must be aware of the ambiguous nature of the handicap and the resulting difficulties. Successful intervention includes leading the parents through the mourning process to help them accept and deal effectively with the child's problem.
Differentiating between Attachment and Dependency in Theory and Practice
Authors: Sable Pat
Published: May 2018

Attachment theory perceives some human bonds as social ones, formed to serve the instinctive tendency to maintain proximity to others. Attachment behavior, therefore, does not connote immature dependency. Therapists working with adults fearful of their own dependence will find this distinction helpful to these clients.
Dimensions of Student Supervision: A Point of View
Authors: Matorin Susan
Published: May 2018

Social workers new to supervision need to evaluate how best to produce competent professionals who can master the complexities of current practice. This involves helping them think independently, make decisions with self-confidence, minimize their dependency, and stretch their vision to broader professional issues.
The Aging Family in Crisis: A Problem in Living
Authors: Kirschner Charlotte
Published: May 2018

When an aging family cannot cope with its transitional tasks, a therapeutic focus on present problems rather on than past conflicts can enhance intergenerational communication. An ecological perspective points to links between an individual's reaction to aging, family tensions, and an unresponsive environment.
Family Oriented Mental Health Consultation to a Naval Research Group
Authors: Cutting Allan R. , Prosser Frank J.
Published: May 2018

A cooperative effort between a family service agency and a military research and development center to offer counseling to its employees and their families provides a model for similar partnerships. The program's evolution, the problems encountered and how they were handled, and the future course of such joint ventures are discussed.
Social Work Advocacy and the Implementation of Legal Mandates
Authors: Sosin Michael
Published: May 2018

Social workers advocating for social change are often aware that desired changes may be compromised by local resistance to the intent of federal legislation and court mandates. Social workers can help maximize the potential of mandated changes by an awareness of such strategies and by countering them with positive actions.
Retirement from the Military: Problems of Adjustment
Authors: Kilpatrick Allie C. , Kilpatrick Ebb G.
Published: May 2018

Military personnel often suffer unique adjustment difficulties on retirement, a period of stress that has been scarcely dealt with in the literature. The medical and social problems caused by these stresses indicate that more attention needs to be given to this time of emotional upheaval encountered by many military retirees.
Exploring Group Process as a Means of Reaching the Mentally Retarded
Authors: Davis Kenneth R. , Shapiro Linda J.
Published: May 2018

Mentally retarded adults responded well to group treatment that had beneficial effects on their expressiveness, socialization skills, and self-image, countering the belief that they do not respond to therapy. Adjustments in the group approach, empathetic attitudes, and high expectations from the leaders facilitated a positive outcome.
Patterns for University-Agency Cooperation in the Teaching of Research
Authors: Beck Dorothy Fahs
Published: May 2018

A variety of models for cooperation between universities and family agencies in teaching social work evaluation and research and carrying out client follow-up studies are proposed. Patterns for university-agency interaction are outlined, and stress is placed on the complementary nature of the contributions both make.
A Review of Methods Used in the Treatment of Abusing Parents
Authors: Shorkey Clayton T.
Published: May 2018

Individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, transactional analysis, behavior therapy, humanistic-behavioral group therapy, and multiple family therapy can all be used in the treatment of child-abusing parents. A review of these approaches, their similarities and differences, provides treatment guidelines.
The Pathological Therapist
Authors: Gottesfeld Mary L. , Lieberman Florence
Published: May 2018

Countertransference that results from a therapist's own pathology can have a serious effect on clients. In the interest of these clients, appropriate channels through professional standards should be provided so that reports of such experiences may be studied carefully, verified, and further occurrences prevented.
Perspectives of Social Workers and Clients on Treatment Outcome
Authors: Maluccio Anthony N.
Published: May 2018

An in-depth study of clients and social workers in a family service agency revealed striking differences in their perceptions, especially in regard to satisfaction with outcome and assessment of clients' functioning. Selected findings and implications for social work practice and education are presented and discussed.
Agency and Client Resistance
Authors: Frankenstein Renate
Published: May 2018

The concept of client resistance is redefined in dynamic systemic terms to provide a new framework for assessment and intervention with resistant families. This reformulation should help the clinician and the agency to strengthen and redirect transformation forces in the client-family system.
From Violent Incident to Spouse Abuse Syndrome
Authors: Bern Elliot H.
Published: May 2018

A theoretical model is presented that attempts to integrate sociological and psychological views of spouse abuse. Distinction is made between violent incident and abuse syndrome. How an individual is led from a violent incident to the cycle of abuse is conceptualized, and specific phase interventions are suggested.
Permanent Decision Making: Counseling Women for Sterilization
Authors: Goodman Judith Ross , Hiestand Elizabeth Engeler
Published: May 2018

Recognizing that individuals make few irrevocable decisions in a lifetime, the role of the social worker in helping clients evaluate contraceptive and fertility needs is one of paramount importance. Practice dilemmas for social workers and issues generated by sterilization requests are pinpointed and examined.
Peer Group Supervision for Supervisors
Authors: Hamlin Elwood R. , Timberlake Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2018

Increasing emphasis on the role of the middle-management supervisor led to the development of a peer group supervisory model that enhances professional development without stifling autonomy, responsibility, and creativity. Examples of the model's objectives, learning phases, and benefits and limitations are presented.
Adolescents' Experience with Death: Practice Implications
Authors: Cho Susan A. , Freeman Edith M. , Patterson Shirley L.
Published: May 2018

Like others in society, adolescents tend to deny death rather than accepting its inevitability as part of the life cycle. Social work practitioners can help this vulnerable group by providing education about death and dying, and helping adolescents address and relabel their reactions to the dying process.
A Survey of Family Therapy Practitioners
Authors: Green Robert G. , Kolevzon Michael S.
Published: May 2018

The growth of family therapy in social work practice is profiled through an examination of characteristic beliefs or assumptions, in-session therapeutic styles, and theoretical orientations of social work practitioners. The relationships among these three helping attributes are analyzed and conclusions are presented.
Empowering Treatment Skills for Helping Black Families
Authors: Weaver Donna R.
Published: May 2018

Effective intervention in a black family system requires that the social worker consider the need for empowerment and the uniqueness of the black culture as important elements for family therapy. Several treatment skills and techniques are suggested as a means to enhance service delivery to black families.
The Battered Woman: Is She Ready for Help?
Authors: Hendricks-Matthews Marybeth
Published: May 2018

Professionals must consider the issues of the woman's degree of learned helplessness, her system of causal attribution, and her locus of control in assessing a battered woman's psychological readiness for treatment. An appraisal of those dynamics has great implication for efficacy and efficiency of treatment.
Can Clinicians Manage Social Agencies?
Authors: Weissman Harold H.
Published: May 2018

Maintaining social workers at management levels rests on their ability to develop programs, be aware of the stresses of front-line jobs, and be effective in distinguishing between the needs and wants of clients. However, to be effective as managers, clinicians have much to unlearn from their clinical training.
The Impact of Ethnicity
Authors: Katlin Fay
Published: May 2018

In a society that has moved toward acceptance of cultural pluralism, social workers need to be more widely educated, both cognitively and affectively, about the impact of ethnicity. The ethnic dimension is multifaceted for both worker and client, and understanding its components may be vital for effective therapy.
Custody Evaluations: Helping the Family Reorganize
Authors: Rosenberg Elinor , Kleinman Judith , Brantley Thomas I.
Published: May 2018

Practical guidelines are offered for using a family assessment approach to determine custody of children of divorce. The focus for the custody evaluation is placed on the dual goals of prompt resolution of the custody issues and the potential therapeutic impact of the evaluation in helping the family reorganize.
A Residence for Autistic and Schizophrenic Adolescents
Authors: Epstein Norman
Published: May 2018

A community-based residence for male adolescents who require intensive training in basic life skills is described. Group therapy was used to promote eventual semi-independent living. Mastery over idiosyncratic behavior and learning how to obtain and hold a job constituted the main achievements of intervention.
Implications of Ethnicity in the Care of the Terminally Ill
Authors: Cook Alicia S. , Jenkins Lowell E.
Published: May 2018

A holistic approach to the care of the terminally ill must include considerations of ethnic variables and cultural traditions influencing views of death. The implications of ethnicity for health care delivery, direct patient care, and interpretation of patient and family responses are discussed.
Ego Development: Inferring the Client's Frame of Reference
Authors: Young-Eisendrath Pauline
Published: May 2018

The application of the ego development scheme to social work practice includes the development of more accurate empathy in formulating treatment expectations, in assessing outcome, in understanding implicit client assumptions about self and other, and in adjusting worker's cognitive mode to client's mode.
Child Welfare Services to Native Americans
Authors: Hull Grafton H.
Published: May 2018

The worker providing child welfare services to Native American families must be aware of the current and past efforts to help them, knowledgeable regarding the cultural factors and characteristics unique to them, and selective in using intervention strategies that have proved effective with them.
The Physical Environment and Social Welfare
Authors: Resnick Herman , Jaffee Benson
Published: May 2018

Besides providing shelter and space for organized work and play, the physical environment symbolically communicates important information about the attributes and tasks of social systems and about the dynamics of individuals operating within those systems. The environment also influences the behavior of system participants.
Beyond Polarization: The Holistic Approach to Family Practice
Authors: Lang Judith
Published: May 2018

A merger of two social work agencies is described and some of the complexities and possibilities involved in the integration process are discussed. The implementation of a holistic practice model has helped to bridge polarizing trends and different theoretical bases and to synthesize family practice.
A Sixty-Year Perspective of Social Work
Authors: Kendall Katherine A.
Published: May 2018

Since 1920, social work has experienced a vast amount of growth and change. An overview of these years, as seen through the pages of Social Casework, highlights the important contributions that have been made to improving the quality of family and individual life and in responding to social concerns.
The Consequences of Error in Selecting Treatment for Blacks
Authors: Edwards Andrew W.
Published: May 2018

Principles traditionally used in testing hypotheses tend to be ignored in choosing treatment techniques for blacks and other minorities. Various examples are cited to show the problems that result; suggestions are offered to help work toward the elimination of ethnocentric approaches to intervention.
The Special Needs of the Female Alcoholic
Authors: Lester Lois
Published: May 2018

The female alcoholic is often in double jeopardy because of myths, misconceptions, and stereotyping. These unique problems impede her from seeking help for her primary problem. Clinicians must be aware of the special needs of such a person to enable appropriate assessment, interventions, and treatment plans.
Children of Violent Marriages: The Forgotten Victims
Authors: Elbow Margaret
Published: May 2018

The intensity and relationship characteristics of violent marriages overshadow the developmental and emotional needs of the children of these marriages. The dynamics, the communication patterns, and the responses to role expectations are reviewed in terms of how they impair the children's achievement of developmental tasks.
Helping Elderly Couples in Crisis
Authors: Getzel George S.
Published: May 2018

A differential approach to effective service delivery to frail aging spouses is developed. Emphasis is placed on the caregiving function as it impacts on marital relations late in life. Case examples illustrate the varied needs of older couples who are experiencing illness as a source of significant stress.
Intervention with High-Risk Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Phillips Norma Kolko
Published: May 2018

This early intervention program serves children and parents.

It includes a therapeutic infant day care center and a mother-child interaction group. Counseling is also provided for families with children in the center and for families with children under three years of age in the community.
Brief Interviews: Approaches, Techniques, and Effectiveness
Authors: Singh Ram Naresh
Published: May 2018

A study of brief-contact interviews at a psychiatric hospital by social workers indicated that such interviews can reduce long client waiting lists and increase case loads without adding to cost. Their effectiveness requires skill and judgement by highly-trained and experienced workers.
Family Life Education Workshop Design
Authors: Barozzi Ronald L.
Published: May 2018

The circumplex model of David H. Olson can be helpful in conceptualizing family life education workshop design and in putting the design into operation. This article reports on an agency's evaluation of the model for such purposes and summarizes the benefits of using the model.
Family Impact Analysis: Its Promise for Social Welfare
Authors: Spakes Patricia
Published: May 2018

The use of family impact analysis has been proposed as a framework for examining the impact of social policies on families. This article describes a model for family impact study, demonstrates its application to the specific case of deinstitutionalization policy, and discusses its potential for the field of social welfare.
Assisting Families through Genetic Counseling
Authors: Hamilton Adrianne K. , Noble Dorinda N.
Published: May 2018

Social workers helping families deal with the complicated, highly emotional process of genetic counseling must have well-developed professional skills. Although the process of coping with genetic disease is stressful for both families and workers, it can be a process that leads from grief to growth.
Responses to Battered Women: Problems and Strategies
Authors: McEvoy Alan , Brookings Jeff B. , Brown Clifford E.
Published: May 2018

The problems encountered by a service organization assisting battered women, including issues of staff burn-out, public awareness, and interagency communication and referral, are examined in a survey, interviews and analysis of agency documents. Strategies for improving program effectiveness are offered.
A Theoretical Critique of the Minority Perspective
Authors: Montiel Miguel , Wong Paul
Published: May 2018

The minority perspective prevalent in the social work curriculum today falls within an assimilationist theory of race relations and a functionalist view of society. Weaknesses of this perspective are explained and conclusions are drawn about the impact of it on the social work profession and on minorities.
The Incestuous Family Revisited
Authors: Cohen Tamar
Published: May 2018

The occurrence of incest is a pathological manifestation of a basic need for warmth and nurturance. Its secret continuation as a structural pattern of the family is a family defense against potential disintegration. Long-range consequences of incest for the victims and therapeutic implications are discussed.
Roles of the Professional in Mutual Aid Groups
Authors: Coplon Jennifer , Strull Judith
Published: May 2018

There is no need for professionals and mutual aid groups to view each other with suspicion. Professionals, if adaptable to new needs, can play a valued role in facilitating the process of such groups—and learn a great deal from the experience.
Starting Where the Client Is
Authors: Goldstein Howard
Published: May 2018

The worker's ability to truly understand a client's version of reality offers the means by which the client is enabled to take responsibility for life changes. An understanding of modern cognitive theory, and how it can be utilized, makes possible the achievement of such ability.
Using the Environment to Help the Male Skid Row Alcoholic
Authors: Bates Mildred
Published: May 2018

A life model approach suggests a strategy for treatment of alcoholism that emphasizes the role of the environment in rehabilitation. Examples illustrate how to ameliorate skid row conditions, use progressive forces in the alcoholic, and enhance his competence, all interacting with sobriety.
The Trauma of Unemployment and its Consequences
Authors: Madonia Joseph F.
Published: May 2018

A study of the jobless reveals how unemployment affects self-esteem, family and social relationships, and emotional well-being. It suggests specific ways in which social agencies can take a leadership role in finding and assisting the unemployed.
Guidelines for Treating Father-Daughter Incest
Authors: Hoorwitz Aaron Noah
Published: May 2018

The needs of father, mother, and child victim are considered and strategies are suggested for meeting them. The strategies make up a comprehensive approach in which individual, group, marital, and family therapies may be used for particular purposes and in a certain sequence.
Child Abuse and Worker Training
Authors: Krell Helen L. , Richardson Curtis M. , Lamanna Terence N. , Kairys Steven W.
Published: May 2018

The strains of working with families in which children are vulnerable to maltreatment can be overwhelming. Research results indicate that a multidisciplinary support and training group can help staff cope with the strong—sometimes hidden—emotional demands of the job.
Preventing Substance Abuse with American Indian Youth
Authors: Schinke Steven Paul , Schilling Robert F. , Gilchrist Lewayne D. , Barth Richard P. , Bobo Janet Kay , Trimble Joseph E. , Cvetkovich George T.
Published: May 2018

Substance abuse is one of the worst problems experienced by American Indian people. In this article, methods to prevent substance abuse among Indian young people are described and the future implications of drug and alcohol abuse prevention efforts with Indian youth are discussed.
Mapping Practice: Problem Solving in Clinical Social Work
Authors: Bunston Terry
Published: May 2018

This working guide to solving problems uses diagrams to illustrate a five-phase process that social workers can employ to structure and monitor their practice. It specifies the stages and tasks of the process yet allows for flexibility in choosing interventions.
Public-Private Collaboration and Permanency Planning
Authors: Miller Katharine , Fein Edith , Bishop Gerrie , Murray Caroline
Published: May 2018

In spite of problems arising from undefined areas of responsibility and incomplete communication, a project for collaboration between public and private agencies has developed a new and effective method of permanency planning for “hard-to-adopt” children.
Stages of Divorce: Implications for Service Delivery
Authors: Lyon Eleanor , Silverman Marsha L. , Howe George W. , Bishop Gerrie , Armstrong Bonita
Published: May 2018

A study of participants in divorce education groups indicates that individuals experience changing problems and feelings as they go through the three stages of the divorce process. Drawing on these and others' data, the authors discuss implications for divorce mediation and counseling programs.
Management Applications of Behavioral Science Knowledge
Authors: Wodarski John S. , Palmer Angela
Published: May 2018

After a review of research on behavioral concepts that can be used in managing human service agencies, this article offers management principles and specific practical applications in regard to salary, work load schedule, staff development, communication, and feedback.
Helping the Elderly in Times of Stress
Authors: Goldmeier John
Published: May 2018

Since treatment of the elderly is likely to be a continuing process, case planning for it should be viewed as a continuum of time with due regard to the common stresses of aging. This article presents a design for such casework with interventions at periods of major stress.
Maternal Involvement in Residential Day Treatment
Authors: Fox Murray
Published: May 2018

This study investigated the relationship between maternal locus of control and maternal involvement in children's residential day treatment and found that mothers who believed in their power to effect change were more involved. Implications for practice are explored.
Supporting Natural Helpers: A Cross-Cultural Study
Authors: Kelley Patricia , Kelley Verne R.
Published: May 2018

The relationship between professional and natural helpers was the subject of similar studies in Iowa and in Ireland and the United Kingdom. As a result, several clusters of natural helpers were identified and a model for professional-natural helper cooperation was developed.
How Public Agencies Can Provide Family-Centered Services
Authors: Hutchinson Janet R. , Nelson Kristine E.
Published: May 2018

Family-centered services, which evolved primarily in private agencies, can be adapted by public agencies if caseloads are controlled properly. This article presents a classification of family needs and a design for allocating such services that can be effectively used by public agencies.