bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metode autoceļu konstrukcijas nestspējas modelēšanai
Authors:   , Virsis Endijs
Published: December 2023

Promocijas darba izstrādes gaitā, balstoties uz ģeotehniskās izpētes datiem, izveidota aprēķina metode autoceļu konstrukcijas nestspējas modelēšanai, izmantojot grunts slāņu un citu materiālu īpašības, kā arī transporta slodzes modelis, ko iespējams izmantot autoceļu ģeotehnisko aprēķinu veikšanai un projekta risinājumu izstrādei. Iegūti vairāku būvniecības un projektēšanas objektu ģeotehniskās izpētes dati, kā arī izveidots testa laukums, kurā vairākos punktos tika dublētas dažādas ģeotehniskās lauka testa izpētes. Visa iegūtā informācija tika apkopota un analizēta, izdarot būtiskus secinājumus par katras izpētes rezultātu precizitāti.
Method for Modelling the Bearing Capacity of Road Structure
Authors:   , Virsis Endijs
Published: December 2023

The aim of the Doctoral Thesis was to develop a calculation method that, using the properties of soil layers and other materials, can determine the bearing capacity of the highway structure. In addition, it was planned to develop a transport load model, which designers will use to perform geotechnical calculations of highway structures and develop constructive solutions. As part of the Doctoral researchwork, geotechnical investigation data from several construction and design objects were obtained, and a test area was created, where various geotechnical field test investigations were duplicated at several points. All the obtained information was collected and analysed, making significant conclusions about the accuracy of the results of each study.
The Philosophical Dimensions of Teachers’ Research Literacy
Authors: Kotzee Ben
Published: December 2023

In this paper, I investigate the place of philosophical literacy in teachers’ research literacy. Drawing on Pring, Bridges and Winch, I ask what the relationship is between being “research literate” in the field of education and understanding key philosophical debates in the field. I hold that properly implementing research findings in educational practice depends on a philosophical understanding of (a) normative, (b) conceptual and (c) methodological matters and that, therefore, “research literacy” in education must also include “philosophical literacy”. I question whether it is too much to expect that, in order to become research literate, teachers must also become philosophically literate. However, I demonstrate that questions of the utilisation of research cannot be separated from questions of the production of research. In the end, I hold that “research literacy” is simply a different way of looking at deep methodological questions that have always been part of the discipline of Education.
How to measure field soil water balance parameters?
Authors: Bhatt Rajan , De Oliveira Mauro Wagner , Santos Dalmo de Freitas
Published: December 2023

The article provides a methodological, computational, and instrumental assignment that aids in identifying the various elements that makeup soil water balance. Reputable publications have published a large number of studies in the last ten years that discuss the computation of the soil water balance under various cropping patterns using various establishment procedures and Resource Conservation Technologies (RCTs). However, the computational and instrumental aspects of this work have received little attention. Because they lack the necessary fundamental (instrumental/methodological) competence, prospective scientists and students are unwilling to take on soil water balance calculation problems at the master's or doctoral levels, which generates misunderstandings. A thorough analysis of all the elements of soil water balance-irrigation, precipitation, evaporation, transpiration, drainage, seepage, and changes in the soil moisture profile-was included in this collection. To determine the soil water balance, all the factors are important. Although the instrumental part is well known, the computational and methodological parts are equally important. Scientists are currently attempting to find ways to save water and increase water productivity, as well as to better understand current patterns of water usage and the repercussions of activities. If one is fully versed in the instrumental, methodological, and computational aspects required to ascertain the components of soil water balance, one may also discuss the effects of a particular RCT on raising water and land productivity in a region with differing agroclimatic conditions.
Uma aproximação ensaística entre a administração política e a teoria dos stakeholders
Authors: De Carvalho Antonio Oliveira , Cintra Renato Fabiano
Published: December 2023

Este artigo, elaborado na forma de ensaio teórico tem como objetivo propor e analisar a existência de aproximação entre a proposta teórica de Administração Política e a Teoria dos Stakeholders. Utilizando como método a pesquisa bibliográfica fundamentada nos principais propositores da Administração Política e nos trabalhos seminais da Teoria dos Stakeholders o trabalho analisou as bases teóricas das duas teorias individualmente, em seguida realizou uma confrontação entre os aspectos identificados como aproximadores entre estas e, em seguida apresentou um ensaio simulado de relação entre a administração pública e  a sociedade (público beneficiário), entre a administração provada e a administração pública e entre a administração privada e seus principais stekeholders. Os resultados das análises ensaiadas apontam haver clara relação/aproximação entre as duas teorias nos campos: de origem, pois ambas são resultante de um conglomerado de teorias em seus fundamentos básicos; de orientação teórica, pois ambas têm foco nos impactos (externalidades) gerados pelas organizações e na responsabilidade de seus administradores sobre seus públicos diretos (stakeholders); e, na prática, quando analisados os efeitos adversos gerados pela negligência e equívocos da administração tanto na administração pública, quanto na administração privada e na relação entre estas.
Efficacy of Gabapentin versus Combination of Dexamethasone-Ondansetron in Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in Middle Ear Surgery: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Sastry Usha R , Devi M Manjula , Philip Gifty Susan , Pratibha CB , Yata Jeson , George Niny Sara
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) is the most common and unpleasant complication with incidence of 30-80% after elective surgery. Dexamethasone and Ondansetron (DO) combination has superior efficacy and is recommended as an ideal choice for prevention of PONV in Middle Ear Surgery (MES). Oral Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant has been introduced as an antiemetic to fast-track bundles and enhanced recovery after surgery. Aim: To compare the efficacy of DO with gabapentin monotherapy in prevention of PONV in patients undergoing MES. Materials and Methods: This randomised, double-blind, parallel group clinical study was done at Department of Anaesthesiology, St John’s Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India from November 2018 to March 2020. Sixty-six of patients were randomised to Group DO (Intravenous Dexamethasone at start and Ondansetron at end of surgery, 100 μg/kg each) and Group G (Oral Gabapentin 300 mg one hour prior to surgery). Postoperatively, incidence and severity of PONV, duration of antiemesis and analgesia, total rescue antiemetics and analgesics, along with side-effects were assessed for 24 hour period. Descriptive statistics was summarised for continuous (mean and standard deviation) and categorical (number with percentages) variables. Inferential statistics were depicted using Fisher’s-exact and Student’s t-test. Results: The demographic profile was comparable between the two groups. Incidence of PONV was significantly lesser in Group DO compared to the Group G (12% versus 36%, p-value=0.0129). Duration of antiemesis was four hours in Group DO and two hours in Group G was statistically significant (p-value=0.021). Severity of PONV was significant (p-value=0.033 and 0.009, respectively) at four and six hours between the groups. Duration of analgesia (6.28±5.96 in Group DO versus 5.62±3.63 hours in Group G; p-value=0.252), rescue analgesics and side-effects were comparable between the two groups (p-value>0.05). Conclusion: In MES, DO combination reduced the incidence and severity of PONV and is better prophylactic antiemetic therapy than gabapentin alone.
Team-based Learning versus Problem-based Learning among First-year Medical Students in Biochemistry: A Quasi-experimental Study
Authors: Pakhmode Smita , Chandankhede Manju , Dashputra Amruta , Gupta Madhur , Panbude Swati , Timalsina Dilip R
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Team-based Learning (TBL) and Problem-based Learning (PBL), both active teaching methodologies, are known for improving problem-solving abilities, clinical reasoning, and motivating students for self-directed studies. Although both active methods, TBL and PBL, differ in methodology and required resources, it is always a challenge to choose active methods that are more feasible and effective in the undergraduate medical curriculum. Aim: To compare two active teaching strategies, viz., the effectiveness of TBL vs. PBL in first-year Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students in terms of learning outcomes, development of critical thinking skills, and retention of knowledge. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted at Department of Biochemistry, NKP Salve Medical College and RC Nagpur, Maharashtra, India from August 2017 to October 2017. A total of 150 first-year MBBS students were included in the study. TBL and PBL were performed following the protocols of their respective methodologies, and scores for learning gain and critical thinking were compared between the TBL and PBL groups. Student perception regarding the procedures was collected using a prevalidated structured questionnaire. The retention of knowledge was assessed by comparing scores from a pretest and a test conducted two months later. Data were statistically analysed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: In the present study, the mean age of the participating students was 20±2 years. Post-test results, obtained just after the intervention, demonstrated a significant learning gain in students using both methods, with a statistically higher gain in TBL (p-value <0.0001) compared to PBL. PBL was appreciated for providing freedom of learning style and facilitator guidance during discussions. Critical thinking skills improved more in PBL, particularly in terms of drawing inferences and interpretations (p-value <0.001). However, no statistically significant differences were found in knowledge retention when the test was conducted two months later in both groups. Conclusion: Learning gain was higher with TBL compared to PBL, with no difference in knowledge retention and the effect on different parameters of critical thinking skills. Students found TBL to be more beneficial for the undergraduate curriculum.
Role of Supratrochlear and Supraorbital Nerve Block in Chronic Atypical Facial Pain Management: A Case Series
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Garg Keshav , Agarwal Anil , Singh Anjali , Khuba Sandeep
Published: December 2023

Chronic Atypical Facial Pain (CAFP) presents a daunting clinical challenge, characterised by persistent, unexplained facial pain that is resistant to conventional treatments. It poses a significant challenge to both patients and healthcare providers due to its poorly understood aetiologies and resistance to traditional analgesic therapies. As a result, novel approaches are sought to alleviate the suffering of affected individuals. Supratrochlear and supraorbital nerve blocks have emerged as promising interventions for CAFP. These nerve blocks target the supratrochlear and supraorbital nerves, which are branches of the ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve. These nerves are frequently implicated in the generation and propagation of facial pain. By interrupting the transmission of pain signals along these nerves, supratrochlear and supraorbital nerve blocks offer a targeted and minimally invasive approach to managing CAFP. Furthermore, their relatively low risk profile makes them an attractive option for individuals who have not responded well to other treatments or who wish to avoid more invasive interventions. The present case series (three males and one female) discusses the anatomical considerations, technique, and potential complications associated with supratrochlear and supraorbital nerve blocks. It also reviews the current body of evidence supporting their use in CAFP management, including outcomes such as pain reduction and improved quality of life. Supratrochlear and supraorbital nerve blocks represent a valuable addition to the armamentarium of therapies available for the management of CAFP.
Determination of the Nutritive Value of Ceylon Almond (Terminalia catappa) and Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea) Seeds from Sabaragamuwa Region of Sri Lanka
Authors: Delpachithra Harshi Dulangi , Rangana Wickramasinghe Mudiyanselage Dilan , Navaratne Senevirathne Bandara
Published: December 2023

Aims: The Global population is increasing at an accelerated rate while food security is moving in towards a negative direction. Therefore, identification and utilization of underutilized food resources are important to attain sustainability. The present study focused on seeds of two underutilized plants namely; Ceylon almond (Terminalia catappa) and Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) as a source of edible oil production and to evaluate nutritional factors of the seed meal for potential application as a food/feed source.

Methodology: The moisture content of the seeds was determined according to the method of AOAC 925.09. The fat content of the seeds was evaluated through the Soxhlet method followed by FAME determination through GC method. The crude protein content of the defatted seed meal was analyzed according to the method of AOAC 991.20 and AOAC 2011.14 procedures was followed to determine the mineral content of the seed meal using ICP-OES.

Results: The study revealed that both of the seeds contained high levels of moisture content and Terminalia catappa seed exhibited the highest moisture content (30.0%).  The seeds of Terminalia catappa contained 18.08% of fat and major fatty acid was palmitic. The crude protein content of defatted seeds of T. catappa was 35.11% and it had a high level of potassium (K) according to the ICP-OES analysis. Clitoria ternatea seed oil contained the least amount of fat (10.8%) and the major fatty acid was oleic (50.87%); an unsaturated fatty acid. The seed meal of it contained 50.16% of crude protein and major minerals were potassium, magnesium, and calcium.

Conclusion: The C. ternatea seed meal is an excellent source of protein. However, seeds contain relatively low level of fat compared to T. catappa seeds. Both seed meals are good source of minerals.
The Impact of State Internally Generated Revenues on Total State Revenues and Financial Viability: A Case Study of Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Augustine Adekoya A. , Olayinka Ifayemi M.  , Oluwatosin Aina G.
Published: December 2023

Internally Generated Revenue (IGR) has been a focus of attention in public financial management because of its key role to Total State Revenue and Financial Viability (TSR&FV). Constant neglect of IGR in states due to over reliance on federal allocation has led to shortage of TSR&FV for funding and governance. Researches have been conducted on IGR in public sector with focus on transport infrastructures, personal income tax, tax administration and tax evasion but with less emphasis on the impact of IGR on TSR&FV. Therefore, this study examined the probable impact of state IGR on TSR&FV of Lagos State, Nigeria. The study adopts ex-post facto research design. Secondary data were extracted from Nigeria Bureau of Statistics annual report of 2011 to 2021. Data were analyzed with descriptive and inferential statistics at 5% level of significance. The study revealed that state IGR positively impact TSR&FV (Adj.R2=0.99250, F(5,10)=244.1106, p=0.000). The study concluded that IGR have significant influence on TSR&FV and that IGR contribute maximally to TSR&FV. Moreover, Pay As You Earn tax has the highest contribution (63.9%) to state IGR while direct assessment and road tax have the least contribution of 3.9% and 2.1%, respectively. The study recommends that State government should ensure better revenue management and good governance to boost tax morale and tax compliance. Government should also put more policies on revenue generation, training of revenue officers, and funding of revenue agencies. Similarly, new revenue base should be identified and pursued within the ambit of the law to drive TSR&FV.
Effect of Seed Priming Treatments on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)
Authors: Shreevastav Chandan , Gajurel Sudha , Khanal Sujan , Panthi Barun , Dahal Januka
Published: December 2023

By reducing seed dormancy, seed priming is an effective way to increase bitter gourd seed germination and vigor. To ascertain the impact of seed priming treatment on the physiological quality of bitter gourd seeds, an experiment was carried out in the spring. In a single factorial randomized full block design with three replications, seeds were sowed on 28 celled seed treys for this experiment in an open field setting. Water, cow milk, cow urine, NANO urea, nutrition solution, NaCl solution, and untreated seed were all used as priming agents. Bitter gourd seeds of the Durga variety were sowed, and soil, vermicompost, and sand were used as the growing media in a 2:1:1 ratio. The experiment examined various metrics, including germination rate, germination index, seedling vigor index, root and leaf length, plant height, number of leaves and roots, root-to-shoot ratio, and fresh weight. The treatments including germination % were all found to be positively influenced by the priming. In hydro-priming, the highest germination rate (81.96%) was noted. On hydro-priming, the highest number of roots (11), was recorded. Maximum shoot diameter (0.34 cm) and fresh weight (2.41 g) were recorded under controlled treatment and hydro priming, respectively. The study comes to the conclusion that Durga hydro priming followed by halo priming in seed trays was shown to be effective for seed germination and seedling growth. As a result, Nepali farmers can prime bitter gourd seeds using tap water and a NaCl solution.
Evaluating the Productivity of Radish Fertilized with a Mixture of Hairy Woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.) and Carnauba Straw (Copernicia prunifera)”
Authors: Oliveira Luciane Karine Guedes De , Linhares Paulo César Ferreira , Júnior Domingos Severino De Souza , Souza Maria Elisa Da Costa , Mesquita Antônia Adriana Da Silva , Salvino Bruna Da Silva , Rosário Paula Cristina De Morais , Sousa Roberto Pequeno De , Alves Lunara De Sousa , Amancio José Ferreira , Rodrigues Walter Martins
Published: December 2023

Aims: The use of spontaneous species present in agricultural areas is of utmost importance for farmers who cultivate in the agroecological system.

Place of Study: The experiment was conducted from June to August 2023 at the Rafael Fernandes experimental farm, in the district of Alagoinha (5º03'37 "S, 37º23'50" W), northwest of Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil, with the aim of evaluating the In study the productivity of radish fertilized with a mixture of hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.) and carnauba straw (Copernicia prunifera).

Study Design and Methodology: The treatments consisted of five amounts of a mixture of hairy woodrose with carnauba straw (0.0; 1.2; 2.4; 3.6 and 4.8 kg m-2 of area). The spacing used was 0.2 x 0.1 m, with a pit-1 plant. The total area of the plot was 1.1 x 0.6 m, corresponding to 0.66 m-2, with a useful area of 0.42 m-2, consisting of twenty plants.

Agronomic characteristics of Radish (Raphanus sativus L.): Plant height; root diameter; productivity of the area plus root; root weight and total dry mass and root dry mass.

Conclusion: The amount of 4.5 kg m-2 of the mixture of hairy woodrose plus carnauba straw was what promoted the greatest increase with a maximum value of 1626.66 g m-2 for the aerial part plus root characteristic. The use of a mixture of fertilizers of plant origin is promising for the development of radish in the Mossoró-RN region, Brazil.
Evaluating the Nexus between Digital Transformation and Financial Inclusion: A Fresh Insight from Small and Medium Enterprises in Kenya
Authors: Pyoko Oliver Mukweyi , Akims Malgit Amos , Nyachae Samuel Moragia , Mbugua Levi
Published: December 2023

Small and medium enterprises are considered vital in Kenya due to the significant role which they carry out towards the attainment of the big four agendas with respect to the country’s vision 2030. Despite this importance, these businesses continue to be financially excluded. Studies relating to digital transformation and financial inclusion are characterized by underlying research gaps cutting across conceptual, contextual to methodological gaps. As such, this study which originates from the Doctoral dissertation of the first author in which the co-authors served as supervisors sought to evaluate the nexus between digital transformation and financial inclusion of small and medium enterprises in Kenya. Diffusion Innovation Theory and Financial Intermediation Theory were utilized and explanatory research design was adopted. The top 100 small medium enterprises in Kenya constituted the target population and the sample size was 200 based on purposive sampling and simple random sampling techniques where two respondents were picked from each of the Small Medium Enterprises of interest. A response rate of 81.5 percent was achieved through the use of questionnaires. The study established a significant nexus between digital transformation and financial inclusion of small and medium enterprises in Kenya. Consequently, the study concluded that digital transformation is important in determining the financial inclusion of small and medium enterprises in Kenya. The study recommended that the management of small and medium enterprises should fully invest in digital transformation so as to maximize its underlying benefits of flexible financial services.
Pulses: Nourishing Communities and Ensuring Food Security in Rainfed Areas
Authors: Dawar Rakesh , Faris P.  , Karan Shyam , Meena Deepak Kumar , Padhan Smruti Ranjan , Yogi Akshay Kumar , Bana R. S.
Published: December 2023

Pulses are a group of leguminous crops that include beans, lentils, chickpeas, and peas. They are a vital source of plant-based protein and essential nutrients, serving as a key component in diets worldwide. In rainfed areas, where agriculture is heavily reliant on rainfall rather than irrigation, pulses play a crucial role in sustaining food production. Due to their ability to fix nitrogen in the soil, pulses improve soil fertility, making them suitable for rainfed agricultural systems. The cultivation of pulses in rainfed areas helps enhance the nutritional status of soils and promotes sustainable agriculture practices. Pulses not only contribute to food security but also have several socio-economic benefits. They provide opportunities for income generation and employment, empowering local communities and reducing rural poverty. Furthermore, pulses have significant environmental benefits, such as reducing greenhouse gas emissions and enhancing biodiversity through crop rotation and intercropping. However, despite their nutritional and environmental advantages, the production and consumption of pulses face various challenges. These challenges include limited access to quality seeds, inadequate post-harvest management practices, and low awareness of pulse-based nutrition. Addressing these challenges requires interventions at multiple levels, including research and development, policy support, and promotion of pulse-based nutritious diets. In conclusion, pulses are a crucial component in ensuring food security and promoting sustainable agriculture practices in rainfed areas. Their cultivation and consumption contribute to improved nutrition, income generation, and environmental sustainability. To fully harness the potential of pulses, it is essential to address the challenges and create an enabling environment that encourages their production, consumption, and value addition throughout the food system.
Assessment of Genotype Against Major Insect Pests of Cluster Bean in Gird Region of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Sharma Mona , Singh Pradyumn , Mahore Prince , Mahor Dheerendra , Choudhary Suman
Published: December 2023

In order to assess cluster bean genotypes against the major insect during the kharif 2022, Nine cluster bean genotypes were investigated in a randomised block design with three replications: T1 - RGr 20-7, T2 - GD-567, T3 - HG 2-20 (ch), T4 - CAZG 17-4-5, T5 - RGC 1066 (ch), T6 - GD-565, T7 - RGR 20-15, T8 - RGC 1033 (ch), and T9 - X-25. Aphid, whitefly, jassid, and thrips minimum infestation were found in genotype GD-565, which was succeeded by CAZG 17-4-5. Whereas, Aphid, whitefly, jassid, and thrips populations reached their maximum in genotype RGC 1066 (ch). The GD-565 genotype was shown to be the best appropriate for growing in Madhya Pradesh's Gird area.
Unraveling the Genetic Framework Underlying Yield Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.): A Genetic Variability Perspective
Authors: Verma Vishal , Biswal Manoranjan , Gathiye Gabu Singh
Published: December 2023

Aims: The improvement in crop yield depends upon the magnitude of genetic variability available in breeding material and the extent to which the yield component traits are heritable from generation to generation.

Study Design:  Randomized Block Design.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BU Campus, Jhansi (U.P.) between Kharif-2018 and June 2019.

Methodology: During the Kharif season of 2018, a thorough field investigation was conducted at the Horticulture Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BU Campus, Jhansi (U.P.) involving a total of 30 different maize inbred lines. The findings revealed a notable genetic diversity among the maize lines, as indicated by the considerable sum of squares attributed to genotypic variations across all observed characteristics. Notably, the variation in plant height was particularly prominent, followed by traits such as biological yield per plant, seed yield per cob, seed yield per plant, number of seeds per row and harvest index in maize. The significant values of PCV and GCV observed for characteristics like plant height, number of cobs per plant, and biological yield per plant suggest a substantial level of variability, thereby highlighting the potential for enhancing these traits through selective breeding. Furthermore, the combination of high heritability and significant genetic progress in traits such as plant height, harvest index, cob ear weight, rows per plant, seed yield per cob, biological yield per plant, days to 50 per cent germination, shelling per cent, days to 50 per cent silking suggests that these traits can be improved through direct selection.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield, Uptake and Soil Properties of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) in Alluvial Soil of Gird Region of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Tomar Anamika , Trivedi S. K. , Sharma S. K. , Yadav Indra Raj
Published: December 2023

Aims: Effect of Integrated nutrient management onyield, uptake and soil properties of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) in alluvial soil of Gird region of Madhya Pradesh.

Study Design: Randomized block design.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, R.V.S.K.V.V., CoA, Gwalior, Districts of Madhya Pradesh during kharif, 2022.

Methodology: There were 12 treatments T1 – Control, T2  -50% NPK, T3-75% NPK, T4 -100% NPK, T5 - 150% NPK, T6 -100% NPK-S, T7 -100% NPK ZnSO4, T8 -100% NPK + FeSO4, T9 -50% NPK + FYM, T10 -75% NPK + FYM, T11 -100% NPK + FYM and T12-100% NPK + FYM + {PSB+ Azotobacter (Seed treatment)} and were replicated thrice under RBD and were statistically analyzed by the Fishher the analysis of variance technique was adopted as suggested by Panse and Sukhatme (1984) for Randomized Block Design.  The pH , EC, OC, N, P, K and S content before creation of treatments were 7.72, 0.23 dSm-1, 0.39 %, 170 kgha-1, 12.04 kg ha-1 and 180 kg ha-1 respectively.

Results: The results indicated that yield, uptake of nutrients and soil properties pH, EC, OC, Available Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium and Sulphur were found highest in the treatment T12-100% NPK + FYM + {PSB+ Azotobacter (Seed treatment)} and was found lowest in the treatment T1 – Control.

Conclusion: Based on experimental findings it can be concluded that application of100% NPK + FYM + {PSB+ Azotobacter (Seed treatment)} is beneficial in terms of yield, uptake of nutrients and Soil chemical properties pearl millet.
A Review Study on Performance Improvement of Coal Gangue as Coarse Aggregate in Concrete
Authors: Qian Shilei
Published: December 2023

The use of coal gangue as coarse aggregate alleviates the dependence of concrete on natural aggregates and improves the utilization rate of coal gangue resources. The direct use of coal gangue coarse aggregate in the preparation of concrete limits the scope of its use due to the deterioration of its performance. Therefore, the improvement of the performance of coal gangue coarse aggregate concrete should become a research focus. This article briefly describes the basic characteristics that coal gangue coarse aggregate should have and the shortcomings of existing research. It summarizes the existing methods for improving the performance of coal gangue coarse aggregate concrete. After pre wetting treatment, calcination, slurry coating, and material adjustment, the performance of coal gangue coarse aggregate concrete is improved. Multiple methods of collaborative treatment can improve the comprehensive performance of coal gangue coarse aggregate concrete, to provide some reference for achieving efficient utilization of coal gangue.
Primary care and prevention in Brazil: analyzing indicators - Atenção primária e o previne Brasil: analisando os indicadores
Authors: Baldiotti Benicio Laura Bassoli , Auller Matheus Peres Ana Maria , Vidal Danielle Waldstein de Moura
Published: December 2023

Objetivo: analisar os cinco primeiros indicadores do novo programa de financiamento da Atenção Primária à Saúde Previne Brasil na 3° Região do Município de Petrópolis. Método: trata-se de um estudo de análise descritiva e quantitativa dos relatórios gerados pelo programa, de consulta pública no Sistema de Informação em Saúde em Atenção Primária à Saúde, e documentos fornecidos pela Secretaria Municipal de Saúde, de agosto a outubro de 2022. Resultados: todos os cinco indicadores avaliados se encontraram abaixo do desempenho esperado da meta na maioria das unidades de saúde da região estudada, sendo o quarto indicador o pior. Destaca-se que o segundo indicador conseguiu o melhor resultado na 3º região estudada dentro da meta. Conclusão: a 3º região do Município de Petrópolis apresentou uma variação entre as unidades que alcançaram as metas e tiveram um bom desempenho nos indicadores quando comparado ao nível nacional, estadual e municipal.
Socioeconomic and Regional Disparities in Industry-Sponsored Clinical Trials in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Marti Stefanie , Hoepner Andreas G. F. , Hammer Helly , Salmen Anke , Chan Andrew , Hoepner Robert
Published: November 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the geographical and socioeconomic factors associated with trial distribution and outcome of treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS).
Topical Atropine for Childhood Myopia Control
Authors: Li Yong , Yip Michelle , Ning Yilin , Chung Joey , Toh Angeline , Leow Cheryl , Liu Nan , Ting Daniel , Schmetterer Leopold , Saw Seang-Mei , Jonas Jost B. , Chia Audrey , Ang Marcus
Published: November 2023

Importance

Clinical trial results of topical atropine eye drops for childhood myopia control have shown inconsistent outcomes across short-term studies, with little long-term safety or other outcomes reported.

Objective

To report the long-term safety and outcomes of topical atropine for childhood myopia control.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This prospective, double-masked observational study of the Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia (ATOM) 1 and ATOM2 randomized clinical trials took place at 2 single centers and included adults reviewed in 2021 through 2022 from the ATOM1 study (atropine 1% vs placebo; 1999 through 2003) and the ATOM2 study (atropine 0.01% vs 0.1% vs 0.5%; 2006 through 2012).

Main Outcome Measures

Change in cycloplegic spherical equivalent (SE) with axial length (AL); incidence of ocular complications.

Results

Among the original 400 participants in each original cohort, the study team evaluated 71 of 400 ATOM1 adult participants (17.8% of original cohort; study age, mean [SD] 30.5 [1.2] years; 40.6% female) and 158 of 400 ATOM2 adult participants (39.5% of original cohort; study age, mean [SD], 24.5 [1.5] years; 42.9% female) whose baseline characteristics (SE and AL) were representative of the original cohort. In this study, evaluating ATOM1 participants, the mean (SD) SE and AL were −5.20 (2.46) diopters (D), 25.87 (1.23) mm and –6.00 (1.63) D, 25.90 (1.21) mm in the 1% atropine-treated and placebo groups, respectively (difference of SE, 0.80 D; 95% CI, −0.25 to 1.85 D; P = .13; difference of AL, −0.03 mm; 95% CI, −0.65 to 0.58 mm; P = .92). In ATOM2 participants, the mean (SD) SE and AL was −6.40 (2.21) D; 26.25 (1.34) mm; −6.81 (1.92) D, 26.28 (0.99) mm; and −7.19 (2.87) D, 26.31 (1.31) mm in the 0.01%, 0.1%, and 0.5% atropine groups, respectively. There was no difference in the 20-year incidence of cataract/lens opacities, myopic macular degeneration, or parapapillary atrophy (β/γ zone) comparing the 1% atropine-treated group vs the placebo group.

Conclusions and Relevance

Among approximately one-quarter of the original participants, use of short-term topical atropine eye drops ranging from 0.01% to 1.0% for a duration of 2 to 4 years during childhood was not associated with differences in final refractive errors 10 to 20 years after treatment. There was no increased incidence of treatment or myopia-related ocular complications in the 1% atropine-treated group vs the placebo group. These findings may affect the design of future clinical trials, as further studies are required to investigate the duration and concentration of atropine for childhood myopia control.
Application analysis of fuzzy control PID temperature control system based on ARM in petroleum engineering
Authors: He Hongtao
Published: November 2023

With the speed growth of petroleum engineering, the requirements for the temperature control performance of petroleum heat transfer oil boilers are becoming higher. Traditional temperature control systems have problems such as poor temperature control accuracy. To address these issues, a temperature control system for petroleum heat transfer oil boilers based on microprocessors and proportional‐integral‐derivative is designed. The research first studies the fuzzy proportional‐integral‐derivative control system, and then combines it with a microprocessor to design a new temperature control system. Finally, experiments and practical applications are used to assess the effectiveness of the temperature control system. The results denote that in the simulation experiment, the temperature recognition accuracy of the microprocessor proportional‐integral‐derivative system is 93.26%. At the same time, the system increases the temperature of the oil outlet to around 100°C after about 4 min of boiler operation, and maintains the stable temperature of the oil outlet continuously. In the study of overshoot, the average overshoot value of the system is 10.03%, and the average steady‐state error value is 3.71%. These verification indicators are superior to the comparative control system, indicating that the fuzzy control proportional‐integral‐derivative temperature control system based on microprocessors has good effects in the application of petroleum heat transfer oil boilers. Through this system, the stability and control accuracy of boiler temperature can be improved, and intelligent control of the boiler can be achieved. This is of great meaning for raising the energy and work efficiency of boilers, and reducing energy waste.
A Synergistic Therapy With Antioxidant and Anti‐VEGF: Toward its Safe and Effective Elimination for Corneal Neovascularization
Authors: Zhu Huimin , Ye Jinfa , Wu Yiming , Cheng Yuhang , Su Min , Dai Qixuan , Han Yun , Pan Jintao , Wu Zhenyu , Chen Chuan , Qiu Chenyue , Li Wei , Liu Gang , Chu Chengchao
Published: November 2023

Corneal neovascularization (CNV) is one of the leading causes of blindness in the world. In clinical practice; however, it remains a challenge to achieve a noninvasive and safe treatment. Herein, a biocompatible shell with excellent antioxidant and antivascularity is prepared by co‐assembly of epigallocatechin gallate/gallic acid and Cu (II). After loading glucose oxidase (GOx) inside, the shell is modified with dimeric DPA‐Zn for codelivering vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) small interfering RNA (VEGF‐siRNA). Meanwhile, the Arg‐Gly‐Asp peptide (RGD) peptide‐engineered cell membranes coating improves angiogenesis‐targeting and is biocompatible for the multifunctional nanomedicine (CEGs/RGD). After eye drops administration, CEGs/RGD targets enrichment in neovascularization and CEGs NPs enter cells. Then, the inner GOx consumes glucose with a decrease in local pH, which in turn leads to the release of EGCE and VEGF‐siRNA. As a result, the nanomedicines significantly reduce angiogenesis and inhibit CNV formation through synergistic effect of antioxidant and antivascular via down‐regulation of cluster of differentiation 31 and VEGF. The nanomedicine represents a safe and efficient CNV treatment through the combined effect of antioxidant/gene, which provides important theoretical and clinical significance.
Dynamic Performance of Hybrid Infrared Modulator Based on Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and Ionic Liquid Enabling Fast Response
Authors: Arkook Bassim , Chen Mingguang
Published: November 2023

Herein, a new type of infrared film using single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) is developed. The optimal sonication settings to produce SWNTs with the highest possible absorption of infrared light are discovered. A hybrid infrared modulator that combines SWNTs with ionic liquids, with a very fast response time is also developed. By carefully controlling the size of the SWNT bundles and the pore size of the filter membrane used to deposit the SWNTs, a response time of a few hundred microseconds (635 μs) at the half‐power point is achieved, which is the optical 3‐dB point. This technology has the potential to be used in a variety of innovative applications, such as smart windows and military camouflage, due to its excellent infrared optical properties.
Spatially Self‐Organized Three‐Dimensional Neural Concentroid as a Novel Reductionist Humanized Model to Study Neurovascular Development
Authors: Chai Yoke Chin , To San Kit , Simorgh Susan , Zaunz Samantha , Zhu YingLi , Ahuja Karan , Lemaitre Alix , Ramezankhani Roya , van der Veer Bernard K. , Wierda Keimpe , Verhulst Stefaan , van Grunsven Leo A. , Pasque Vincent , Verfaillie Catherine
Published: December 2023

Although human pluripotent stem cell (PSC)‐derived brain organoids have enabled researchers to gain insight into human brain development and disease, these organoids contain solely ectodermal cells and are not vascularized as occurs during brain development. Here it is created less complex and more homogenous large neural constructs starting from PSC‐derived neuroprogenitor cells (NPC), by fusing small NPC spheroids into so‐called concentroids. Such concentroids consisted of a pro‐angiogenic core, containing neuronal and outer radial glia cells, surrounded by an astroglia‐dense outer layer. Incorporating PSC‐derived endothelial cells (EC) around and/or in the concentroids promoted vascularization, accompanied by differential outgrowth and differentiation of neuronal and astroglia cells, as well as the development of ectodermal‐derived pericyte‐like mural cells co‐localizing with EC networks. Single nucleus transcriptomic analysis revealed an enhanced neural cell subtype maturation and diversity in EC‐containing concentroids, which better resemble the fetal human brain compared to classical organoids or NPC‐only concentroids. This PSC‐derived “vascularized” concentroid brain model will facilitate the study of neurovascular/blood‐brain barrier development, neural cell migration, and the development of effective in vitro vascularization strategies of brain mimics.
Temperature Dependence of Low‐Frequency Noise Characteristics of NiOx/β‐Ga2O3 p–n Heterojunction Diodes
Authors: Ghosh Subhajit , Mudiyanselage Dinusha Herath , Kargar Fariborz , Zhao Yuji , Fu Houqiang , Balandin Alexander A.
Published: November 2023

Temperature dependence of the low‐frequency electronic noise in NiOx/β‐Ga2O3 p–n heterojunction diodes is reported. The noise spectral density is of the 1/f‐type near room temperature but shows signatures of Lorentzian components at elevated temperatures and at higher current levels (f is the frequency). It is observed that there is an intriguing non‐monotonic dependence of the noise on temperature near T = 380 K. The Raman spectroscopy of the device structure suggests material changes, which results in reduced noise above this temperature. The normalized noise spectral density in such diodes is determined to be on the order of 10−14 cm2 Hz−1 (f = 10 Hz) at 0.1 A cm−2 current density. In terms of the noise level, NiOx/β‐Ga2O3 p–n diodes perform excellently for new technology and occupy an intermediate position among devices of various designs implemented with different ultra‐wide‐bandgap semiconductors. The obtained results are important for understanding the electronic properties of NiOx/β‐Ga2O3 heterojunctions and contribute to the development of noise spectroscopy as the quality assessment tool for new electronic materials and device technologies.
A High‐Resolution Prediction Network for Predicting Intratumoral Distribution of Nanoprobes by Tumor Vascular and Nuclear Feature
Authors: Xu Jiaqi , Luo Yafei , Wang Chuanbing , Chen Haiyan , Tang Yuxia , Xu Ziqing , Li Yang , Ni Hao , Shi Xianbiao , Hu Yongzhi , Wu Feiyun , Zhang Jiulou , Wang Shouju
Published: December 2023

In this study, the critical need for precise and accurate prediction of intra‐tumor heterogeneity related to the enhanced permeability and retention effect and spatial distribution of nanoprobes is addressed for the development of effective nanodrug delivery strategies. Current predictive models are limited in terms of resolution and accuracy, prompting the construction of a high‐resolution prediction network (HRPN) that estimates the microdistribution of quantum dots, factoring in tumor vascular and nuclear features. The HRPN algorithm is trained using 27 780 patches and validated on 4920 patches derived from 4T1 breast cancer whole‐slide images, demonstrating its reliability. The HRPN model exhibits minimal error (mean square error = 1.434, root mean square error = 1.198), satisfactory goodness of fit (R2 = 0.891), and superior image quality (peak signal‐to‐noise ratio = 44.548) when compared to a generative‐adversarial‐network‐structured model. Furthermore, the HRPN model offers improved prediction accuracy, broader prediction intervals, and reduced computational resource requirements. Consequently, the proposed model yields high‐resolution predictions that more closely resemble actual tumor microdistributions, potentially serving as a powerful analytical tool for investigating the spatial relationship between the tumor microenvironment and nanoprobes.
Peopling of the Americas: A new approach to assessing dental morphological variation in Asian and Native American populations
Authors: Scott G. Richard , Navega David , Vlemincq‐Mendieta Tatiana , Dern Laresa L. , O'Rourke Dennis H. , Hlusko Leslea J. , Hoffecker John F.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Through biodistance analyses, anthropologists have used dental morphology to elucidate how people moved into and throughout the Americas. Here, we apply a method that focuses on individuals rather than sample frequencies through the application rASUDAS2, based on a naïve Bayes' algorithm.

Materials and methods

Using the database of C.G. Turner II, we calculated the probability that an individual could be assigned to one of seven biogeographic groups (American Arctic, North & South America, East Asia, Southeast Asia & Polynesia, Australo‐Melanesia, Western Eurasia, & Sub‐Saharan Africa) through rASUDAS2. The frequency of classifications for each biogeographic group was determined for 1418 individuals from six regions across Asia and the Americas.

Results

Southeast Asians show mixed assignments but rarely to American Arctic or “American Indian.” East Asians are assigned to East Asia half the time while 30% are assigned as Native American. People from the American Arctic and North & South America are assigned to Arctic America or non‐Arctic America 75%–80% of the time, with 10%–15% classified as East Asian.

Discussion

All Native American groups have a similar degree of morphological affinity to East Asia, as 10%–15% are classified as East Asian. East Asians are classified as Native American in 30% of cases. Individuals in the Western Hemisphere are decreasingly classified as Arctic the farther south they are located. Equivalent levels of classification as East Asian across all Native American groups suggests one divergence between East Asians and the population ancestral to all Native Americans. Non‐arctic Native American groups are derived from the Arctic population, which represents the Native American founder group.
Multifunctional Nanoparticles and Nanoclusters as a Theranostics and Symptoms Disappearing Agent for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Zoey Fong LaiGuan , Ghosh Krishna Kanta , Palanivel Mathangi , Gulyás Balázs , Padmanabhan Parasuraman
Published: November 2023

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common causes of disability and mortality worldwide, creating a large socioeconomic burden annually. Secondary injury physiopathology is known to play a prominent role in exacerbating neurodegeneration post‐TBI and is potentially preventable by therapies. However, due to the heterogeneity of TBI and the complexity of the pathological mechanisms that ensue, there are currently no effective disease‐modifying treatments to prevent TBI‐associated disability and mortality. Nanotechnology has emerged in recent decades as a promising platform for the development of multifunctional neuroprotective agents for TBI. Herein, current multifunctional innovations are explored in this review in nanotechnology, which target the secondary injury pathological mechanisms of TBI and show promise in improving future post‐TBI management. Also, potential new directions for the future development of TBI treatment are discussed.
2D Materials for Combination Therapy to Address Challenges in the Treatment of Cancer
Authors: Self Ava , Farell Megan , Samineni Laximicharan , Kumar Manish , Gomez Esther W.
Published: November 2023

2D materials exhibit a variety of characteristics that make them appealing platforms for cancer treatment such as high drug loading capacity and photothermal and photodynamic properties. A key advantage of 2D material platforms for oncological applications is the ability to harness multiple modalities including drug delivery, photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, gene delivery, and immunotherapy approaches for improved efficacy. In this review, a comparison of the unique properties of different classes of 2D materials that enable their usage as platforms for multimodal therapy is provided. Further, the benefits and drawbacks of different platforms are also highlighted. Finally, current challenges and emerging opportunities for future development of 2D materials to further enable combination therapy and translation from the bench to clinical oncology applications are discussed.