bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the privacy of mental health apps
Authors: Iwaya Leonardo Horn , Babar M. Ali , Rashid Awais , Wijayarathna Chamila
Published: November 2022

An increasing number of mental health services are now offered through mobile health (mHealth) systems, such as in mobile applications (apps). Although there is an unprecedented growth in the adoption of mental health services, partly due to the COVID-19 pandemic, concerns about data privacy risks due to security breaches are also increasing. Whilst some studies have analyzed mHealth apps from different angles, including security, there is relatively little evidence for data privacy issues that may exist in mHealth apps used for mental health services, whose recipients can be particularly vulnerable. This paper reports an empirical study aimed at systematically identifying and understanding data privacy incorporated in mental health apps. We analyzed 27 top-ranked mental health apps from Google Play Store. Our methodology enabled us to perform an in-depth privacy analysis of the apps, covering static and dynamic analysis, data sharing behaviour, server-side tests, privacy impact assessment requests, and privacy policy evaluation. Furthermore, we mapped the findings to the LINDDUN threat taxonomy, describing how threats manifest on the studied apps. The findings reveal important data privacy issues such as unnecessary permissions, insecure cryptography implementations, and leaks of personal data and credentials in logs and web requests. There is also a high risk of user profiling as the apps’ development do not provide foolproof mechanisms against linkability, detectability and identifiability. Data sharing among 3rd-parties and advertisers in the current apps’ ecosystem aggravates this situation. Based on the empirical findings of this study, we provide recommendations to be considered by different stakeholders of mHealth apps in general and apps developers in particular. We conclude that while developers ought to be more knowledgeable in considering and addressing privacy issues, users and health professionals can also play a role by demanding privacy-friendly apps.
Simulation of photon recycling in ultra-thin solar cells
Authors: Aeberhard Urs
Published: November 2022

A comprehensive quantum-kinetic simulation framework considering both the optical confinement and the electronic effects of finite size and strong built-in fields is introduced to assess the impact of photon recycling on the photovoltaic performance of ultra-thin absorber solar cells. The radiative recombination accounts for the actual photon density of states that is modified by cavity effects and plasmonic resonances, and via coupling to a quantum transport formalism, the impact of photon recycling is propagated from rigorous wave optical simulation of secondary photogeneration directly into a modification of the current–voltage characteristics of the full photovoltaic device. The self-consistent microscopic treatment of the interacting electronic and optical degrees of freedom in a functional device context elucidates the impact on photovoltaic performance of nanoscale device design in terms of band profiles and contact layers by revealing their effect on the radiative rates and currents. As an example, plasmonic losses related to metallic reflectors are identified in both, emission and re-absorption, and partial mitigation is achieved via dielectric passivation or detaching of the reflector.
Fast data-driven model reduction for nonlinear dynamical systems
Authors: Axås Joar , Cenedese Mattia , Haller George
Published: November 2022

We present a fast method for nonlinear data-driven model reduction of dynamical systems onto their slowest nonresonant spectral submanifolds (SSMs). While the recently proposed reduced-order modeling method SSMLearn uses implicit optimization to fit a spectral submanifold to data and reduce the dynamics to a normal form, here, we reformulate these tasks as explicit problems under certain simplifying assumptions. In addition, we provide a novel method for timelag selection when delay-embedding signals from multimodal systems. We show that our alternative approach to data-driven SSM construction yields accurate and sparse rigorous models for essentially nonlinear (or non-linearizable) dynamics on both numerical and experimental datasets. Aside from a major reduction in complexity, our new method allows an increase in the training data dimensionality by several orders of magnitude. This promises to extend data-driven, SSM-based modeling to problems with hundreds of thousands of degrees of freedom.
Oil and renewable energy returns during pandemic
Authors: Horky Florian , Mutascu Mihai , Fidrmuc Jarko
Published: November 2022

We explore the global interactions between oil and renewable energy returns during the Covid-19 pandemic between July 2019 and June 2020. Moreover, we reflect on market stress and global economic activity. In order to deal with challenges generated by exogenous shocks coming from financial, economic or pandemic areas, a battery of advanced time–frequency domain methods is applied, ranging from wavelet transformation and wavelet coherency to wavelet cohesion. The main finding shows that pandemic disease is veritable glue for the oil energy–renewable energy nexus, validating their coupling effect. Additionally, the emerging connection between renewable and financial developments is evidenced during the pandemic crisis, although the connection between oil and financial developments is still stronger. Finally, both renewable energy and oil markets have comparably strong relationships with the general global economic activity. The policy implications should follow direct adjustments in the renewable energy area, and subsidiary to cover the behaviour of agents on the capital markets.
Double image stress point bounding surface model for monotonic and cyclic loading on anisotropic clays
Authors: Dejaloud Hesam , Rezania Mohammad
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an anisotropic non-associative constitutive model, based on the well-established critical state soil mechanics framework, is developed for the natural and reconstituted clays subjected to monotonic and cyclic loadings. A robust non-elliptical yield surface is implemented in the model which enables it to capture a wide variety of yield stress points. In addition to a realistic soil stiffness simulation, the employed flexible plastic potential surface equips the proposed model to predict a more accurate coefficient of earth pressure at rest. The model uses a combination of conventional volumetric and comprehensive rotational hardening rules to control the evolution of the yield surface caused by plastic strain increments. The adopted rotational hardening rule uses the concept of governing plastic strain increment which not only ensures the existence of the equilibrium state of anisotropy but also takes the effect of plastic strains at different constant stress ratios into account more sensibly. The proposed model is enhanced with a novel double-image stress point bounding surface plasticity type theory to capture nonlinear behaviour inside the yield surface, and also to simulate the cyclic responses. The detailed model formulation is discussed in both triaxial stress space and the $$e-\mathrm{ln}\, p$$

e
-
ln

p

plane, and the important features of the model are elaborately explored. The capabilities of the model are also demonstrated by an extensive sensitivity analysis. In the end, the model is used to carry out simulations of monotonic and cyclic element tests on different clays and the results are compared with the available experimental data.
Base resistance of super-large and long piles in soft soil: performance of artificial neural network model and field implications
Authors: Huynh Thien Q. , Nguyen Thanh T. , Nguyen Hoang
Published: November 2022

This study aims to examine the performance of artificial neural network (ANN) model based on 1137 datasets of super-large (1.0–2.5 m in equivalent diameter) and long (40.2–99 m) piles collected over 37 real projects in the past 10 years in Mekong Delta. Five key input parameters including the load, the displacement, the Standard Penetration Test value of the base soil, the distance between the loading point and pile toe, and the axial stiffness are identified via assessing the results of field load tests. Key innovations of this study are (i) use of large database to evaluate the effect that random selection of training and testing datasets can have on the predicted outcomes of ANN modelling, (ii) a simple approach using multiple learning rates to enhance training process, (iii) clarification of the role that the selected input factors can play in the base resistance, and (iv) new empirical relationships between the pile load and settlement. The results show that the random selection of training and testing datasets can affect significantly the predicted results, for example, the confidence of prediction can drop under 80% when an averageR2 > 0.85 is required. The analysis indicates predominant role of the displacement in governing the base resistance of piles, providing significant implication to practical designs.
Präventive Verhaltensweisen zum Schutz vor einer Infektion mit SARS-CoV-2 bei Menschen mit gesundheitlicher Vulnerabilität
Authors: Schaedel Lara , Dadaczynski Kevin
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund

Trotz gesundheitlicher Risiken, die für alle Menschen von SARS-CoV‑2 („severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2“) ausgehen, weisen Bevölkerungsgruppen mit gesundheitlicher Vulnerabilität ein erhöhtes Gefährdungsprofil auf. Zu den Risikogruppen für schwere COVID-19-Verläufe („coronavirus disease 2019“) gehören Personen ab 50 Jahren, Raucher*innen, adipöse Personen sowie Menschen mit bestimmten Vorerkrankungen. Gerade für diese Bevölkerungsgruppe ergibt sich ein erhöhter Schutzbedarf. Inwiefern sich das Schutzverhalten von Personen mit hoher im Vergleich zu Personen mit geringer gesundheitlicher Vulnerabilität unterscheidet, ist bislang wenig untersucht.

Methode

Es wurde eine onlinebezogene Querschnittstudie mit einem „convenience sample“ von n = 210 in Deutschland lebenden Personen im Alter ab 18 Jahren realisiert. Es wurden subjektive Selbsteinschätzungen zur Anwendung von Infektionsschutzmaßnahmen sowie der eigenen Informationssuche und -zufriedenheit bezüglich der Pandemie und der COVID-19-bezogenen Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) erfasst. Die Analyse erfolgte uni-, bi- sowie multivariat, wobei für alle Analysen ein Signifikanzlevel von p < 0,05 festgelegt wurde.

Ergebnisse

Über alle erhobenen Schutzverhaltensweisen hinweg weisen die Befragten eine insgesamt hohe Compliance (84 %) auf. Während das Tragen einer Maske (96 %) und das Vermeiden von privaten Reisen und Händeschütteln (95 %) die höchste Zustimmung erhielten, berührten 47 % der Befragten ihr Gesicht häufig mit ungewaschenen Händen. Jüngere (35 % bis 29 Jahre) sowie Personen mit eingeschränkter Gesundheitskompetenz (28 %) zeigen sowohl in den bivariaten und multivariaten Analyse signifikant häufiger ein weniger ausgeprägtes Schutzverhalten. Hingegen ließen sich differenziert nach Anzahl gesundheitlicher Risikofaktoren keine Unterschiede im präventiven Schutzverhalten feststellen

Schlussfolgerung

Es konnte ein hohes Niveau der Anwendung von präventiven Schutzmaßnahmen bei Befragten dieser Studie ermittelt werden. Sowohl in den uni- als auch bi- und multivariaten Analysen ist die gesundheitliche Vulnerabilität nicht mit einem stärker ausgeprägten Schutzverhalten assoziiert. Insbesondere für Personen mit eingeschränkter coronaspezifischer Gesundheitskompetenz sind Defizite im Infektionsschutz erkennbar, weshalb die zielgruppenspezifische Aufklärung weiter priorisiert werden muss.
Die Kindergartenuntersuchung: eine Bestandsaufnahme zur Umsetzung in Deutschland
Authors: Weyers Simone , Götz Simon , Kreffter Katharina
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund

Um die Entwicklung der Kinder möglichst früh einschätzen und fördern zu können, gewinnen Kindergartenuntersuchungen an Bedeutung. Sie werden jedoch nicht flächendeckend durchgeführt und es gibt keinen Überblick über die verschiedenen Verfahren.

Fragestellung

Ziel der Arbeit war es, herauszuarbeiten, wie Kindergartenuntersuchungen in Deutschland umgesetzt werden.

Material und Methoden

Es wurden eine Überblicksrecherche und eine systematische Literaturrecherche sowie problemzentrierte Interviews (n = 8) mit relevanten Akteurinnen und Akteuren durchgeführt, die durch die vorangestellten Recherchen identifiziert worden waren.

Ergebnisse

Es existiert eine Vielzahl an Begriffen und Instrumenten, gesetzlichen Grundlagen, kommunalen Kooperationsformen und Verfahrensweisen mit den Ergebnissen. Kindergartenuntersuchungen sind meist in ein Gesamtkonzept eingebettet, mit dem Eltern ins Fördersystem vermittelt werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Das Zusammenspiel wissenschaftlicher Auseinandersetzung, gesetzlicher Legimitation und fachlichen Austausches kann helfen, die Kindergartenuntersuchungen zu stärken und die kindliche Entwicklung frühzeitig zu beurteilen.
Alloy Design for Additive Manufacturing: Early-Stage Oxidation of Nickel-Based Superalloys
Authors: Ghoussoub Joseph N. , Utada Satoshi , Pedraza Fernando , Dick-Cleland William J. B. , Tang Yuanbo T. , Reed Roger C.
Published: November 2022

This body of work aims to inform alloy design for additive manufacturing by investigating the early-stage oxidation behavior of Ni-based superalloys processed by laser-powder bed fusion. The oxidation of 14 Ni-based superalloys—some novel and some heritage—at 1000 °C for 24 hours is studied through thermo-gravimetric analysis. The mass gain, oxide layer thickness, oxide scale composition, and

$$\gamma ^\prime $$

γ
′

depletion zone size are measured. The influence of the alloy composition on these variables is assessed in order to elucidate how increasingly processable and oxidation resistant alloys can be developed. The alloy compositions with Al content greater than 9 at. pct form continuous Al2O3 scales at 1000 °C and display markedly lower parabolic rate constants, mass gain, oxide layer thickness, and

$$\gamma ^\prime $$

γ
′

depletion zone size. The alloys of lesser Al content have reduced oxidation resistance and formed oxide scales of predominantly Cr2O3. Alloys with Ti content of 2.7 at. pct and greater formed Ti-rich oxide phases in their oxide scales as well as TiN subscale. A trade-off between alloy processability and oxidation resistance is identified, dictated by the deleterious effect of Al content on the ductility dip and the benefit of Al for oxidation resistance. A property space along the pareto front is highlighted which is ideal for having oxidation resistance and processability.
Therapeutic Potency of Ginger, Garlic, and Pomegranate Extracts Against Cryptosporidium parvum-Mediated Gastro-Splenic Damage in Mice
Authors: EL-Shewehy Dina M. M. , Elshopakey Gehad E. , Ismail Amira , Hassan Shimaa S. , Ramez Amany M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite infecting most mammalian hosts and causing major health issues. The present study investigated the efficacy of ginger (Zingiber officinale), garlic (Allium sativum), and pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel extracts on the development and progression of experimental cryptosporidiosis in mice.

Methods

Eighty-two mice were assigned to 6 groups: control, infected non-treated, metronidazole (MTZ), ginger, garlic, and pomegranate. The control group topically received no treatments. The infected non-treated group was experimentally infected by 104C. parvum oocysts per mouse using a stomach tube. The MTZ group was infected with C. parvum oocysts combined with MTZ (50 mg/kg b.w./day). The ginger, garlic, and pomegranate groups daily received different plant extracts at doses of 100 mg/kg BW, 50 mg/kg BW, and 3 gm/kg BW, respectively, followed by infection with C. parvum oocysts. All treatments were applied orally one day after the infection for continuous 30 days.

Results

Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations for P53 and caspase-3 expressions in stomach and spleen tissues showed that MTZ and garlic-treated mice had a more significant effect on infected mice.

Conclusion

The garlic extract was found to exert a more pronounced effect on infected mice compared with the other treatments as well as to improve health. Garlic extracts, therefore, represent an effective and natural therapeutic alternative for the treatment of cryptosporidiosis with low side effects and without drug resistance.
Prevalence and risk factors for hospital-acquired anemia in internal medicine patients: learning from the “less is more” perspective
Authors: Villani Rosanna , Romano Antonino Davide , Rinaldi Roberta , Sangineto Moris , Santoliquido Mariateresa , Cassano Tommaso , Serviddio Gaetano
Published: November 2022

Hospital-acquired anemia is defined as a new-onset anemia in hospitalized patients who have a normal hemoglobin level at admission. Its prevalence is unknown and most studies published on this topic have been conducted in intensive care unit patients with limited applicability to less acute settings, such as internal medicine wards. We conducted a retrospective study and enrolled 129 patients who were admitted to an Internal Medicine Unit between October 2021 and February 2022. The median value of phlebotomy during hospitalization was 46 ml (IQR 30–72 ml), whereas the median length of hospital stay was 9 days (IQR 5–13 days). The median value of hemoglobin reduction was −0.63 g/dl (p < 0.001) and the maximum value of drop in hemoglobin value was −2.6 g/dl. All patients who experienced a phlebotomy > 85 ml had a hemoglobin reduction > 0.6 g/dl. 20.9% of patients developed anemia during the hospital stay (7% moderate and 13.9% mild). No cases of severe anemia were observed. The volume of blood drawn during the hospital stay and the Hb value on admission were the only two variables statistically associated with the development of anemia, whereas gender, age, and chronic diseases, such as diabetes, history of cancer, or heart failure, were not. Strategies, such as elimination of unnecessary laboratory tests and the use of smaller tubes for blood collection, are needed to reduce the volume of iatrogenic blood loss and avoid blood wastage occurring during hospitalization in internal medicine patients.
Homogeneous and heterogeneous photolysis of nitrate in the atmosphere: state of the science, current research needs, and future prospects
Authors: Cao Yiqun , Ma Qingxin , Chu Biwu , He Hong
Published: November 2022

Nitrate is an important component of atmospheric particulate matter and affects air quality, climate, human health, and the ecosystem. Nitrate was previously considered a permanent sink for nitrogen oxides (NOx). However, this viewpoint has been challenged in recent years because growing research evidence has shown the transformation of nitrate into NOx (i.e., renoxification). The photolysis of nitrate/HNO3, especially in the particulate phase or adsorbed on particles, can be a significant renoxification process in the atmosphere. The formation and photolysis of nitrate in aerosol not only change the diurnal variation of NOx, but also provide long-distance transport of NOx in the form of nitrate, which affects local and regional atmospheric chemistry and air quality. This review summarizes recent advances in the fundamental understanding of the photolysis of nitrate/HNO3 under various atmospheric conditions, with a focus on mechanisms and key factors affecting the process. The atmospheric implications are discussed and future research is recommended.
Habenula as a Possible Target for Treatment-Resistant Depression Phenotype in Wistar Kyoto Rats
Authors: Korlatowicz Agata , Pabian Paulina , Solich Joanna , Kolasa Magdalena , Latocha Katarzyna , Dziedzicka-Wasylewska Marta , Faron-Górecka Agata
Published: November 2022

The mechanisms of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) are not clear and are difficult to study. An animal model resembling human TRD is the Wistar Kyoto rat strain. In the present study, we focused on selecting miRNAs that differentiate rats of the WKY strain from Wistar Han (WIS) rats in two divisions of the habenula, the lateral and medial (LHb and MHb, respectively). Based on our preliminary study and literature survey, we identified 32 miRNAs that could be potentially regulated in the habenula. Six miRNAs significantly differentiated WKY rats from WIS rats within the MHb, and three significantly differentiated WKY from WIS rats within the LHb. Then, we selected relevant transcripts regulated by those miRNAs, and their expression in the habenular nuclei was investigated. For mRNAs that differentiated WKY rats from WIS rats in the MHb (Cdkn1c, Htr7, Kcnj9, and Slc12a5), their lower expression correlated with a higher level of relevant miRNAs. In the LHb, eight mRNAs significantly differentiated WKY from WIS rats (upregulated Htr4, Drd2, Kcnj5, and Sstr4 and downregulated Htr2a, Htr7, Elk4, and Slc12a5). These data indicate that several important miRNAs are expressed in the habenula, which differentiates WKY rats from WIS rats and in turn correlates with alterations in the expression of target transcripts. Of particular note are two genes whose expression is altered in WKY rats in both LHb and MHb: Slc12a5 and Htr7. Regulation of KCC2 via the 5-HT7 receptor may be a potential target for the treatment of TRD.
A multilevel analysis of the relationship between leaders’ experiential avoidance and followers’ well-being
Authors: Koydemir Selda , Varol Melisa , Fehn Theresa , Bilgiç Ilkyaz D. , Gauglitz Iris , Schütz Astrid
Published: November 2022

Experiential avoidance is defined as a process involving excessive negative evaluations of difficult or unwanted feelings, thoughts, and sensations, an unwillingness to remain in contact with and express these experiences, and habitual attempts to avoid or control them. Experiential avoidance is closely associated with maladaptive functioning. Although the ability to connect with internal experiences has been considered an important element of effective leadership, this assumption has not yet been empirically tested. On the basis of the Acceptance and Commitment Therapy model of experiential avoidance and the propositions of leadership models (e.g., transformational and authentic leadership) that characterize leadership as an emotion-related process, we examined the relationship between leaders’ experiential avoidance and their followers’ well-being in a sample of leader-follower triads. Well-being outcomes were subjective happiness, purpose in life, and job satisfaction. We also tested the mediating roles of followers’ basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration in this relationship. Multilevel mediation model analyses suggested that followers’ psychological need frustration but not need satisfaction mediated the relationship between leaders’ experiential avoidance and followers’ well-being outcomes. Thus, a rigid attitude toward one’s internal experiences as a leader is a risk factor for followers’ well-being because leaders with such attitudes may pay little attention to their followers and give rise to need frustration in their followers. Organizational efforts to increase leaders’ flexibility in dealing with negative experiences can help foster well-being among both leaders and their followers.
Dark tetrad of personality, cyberbullying, and cybertrolling among young adults
Authors: Alavi Masoumeh , Latif Adibah Abdul , Ramayah T. , Tan Jia Yue
Published: November 2022

Communication applications and social media sites serve as a platform for users to distribute information and connect to other users, potentially allowing perpetrators to perform antisocial behaviors. The current study examined the relationship between Dark Tetrad of personality (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, psychopathy, sadism) and antisocial cyber-behaviors (i.e., cyberbullying, cybertrolling) by surveying young Malaysians (n = 323) aged from 18 to 26. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) revealed that Machiavellianism was not related to cyberbullying and cybertrolling, while narcissism was positively related to cyberbullying but not related to cybertrolling. Meanwhile, psychopathy and sadism were positively related to cyberbullying and cybertrolling. The results of this study contribute to the cyber-behaviors literature, knowledge about the antisocial cyber-behaviors in Malaysia, supports sadism as a dark personality and the study acts as a reference to minimize these behaviors.
Effects of Quality Practice on a Compassion Cultivation Training: Somatic and Imagery Levels of Analysis
Authors: Andreu Catherine I. , Navarrete Jaime , Roca Pablo , Baños Rosa M. , Cebolla Ausiàs
Published: November 2022

Objectives

Compassion-based interventions (CBIs) are effective in promoting mental health. However, the mechanisms through which CBIs produce these positive outcomes are not fully known. The amount of meditation practice in CBIs has been associated with the outcomes but the role of quality of practice has not yet been explored. Thus, in addition to examining the contribution of the Compassion Practice Quality Scale (CPQS) to predicting the main outcomes of a CBI (compassion cultivation training), the current study explored the scale’s construct validity and sensitivity to change.

Methods

Data were drawn from a pretest–posttest study design (n = 74), and compassion practice quality, positive self-compassion, negative self-compassion, difficulties in emotion regulation, and body awareness were assessed.

Results

The CPQS was found to be a valid and reliable measure, showing pretest–posttest differences. Overall, CPQS baseline scores were positively associated with positive self-compassion and body awareness and negatively associated with negative self-compassion and difficulties in emotion regulation. Moreover, compassion practice quality explained a significant amount of variance in positive self-compassion (ΔR2 = .18, ΔF (4, 31) = 2.69, p = .049), after controlling for baseline positive self-compassion, previous meditation experience, and frequency of formal practice during the CBI.

Conclusions

The findings confirm the significance of compassion practice quality and the usefulness of the CPQS in compassion research. Future studies should continue to investigate the psychometric properties of the CPQS, describing the daily or weekly evolution of compassion practice and developing specific pedagogical strategies to foster compassion practice quality within CBIs.
Investigating dam reservoir operation optimization using metaheuristic algorithms
Authors: Lai Vivien , Essam Yusuf , Huang Yuk Feng , Ahmed Ali Najah , El-Shafie Ahmed
Published: November 2022

The optimization of dam reservoir operations is of the utmost importance, as operators strive to maximize revenue while minimizing expenses, risks, and deficiencies. Metaheuristics have recently been investigated extensively by researchers in the management of dam reservoirs. But the animal-concept-based metaheuristic algorithm with Lévy flight integration approach has not been used at Karun-4. This paper investigates the optimization of dam reservoir operation using three unexplored metaheuristics: the whale optimization algorithm (WOA), the Levy-flight WOA (LFWOA), and the Harris hawks optimization algorithm (HHO). Utilizing a time series data set on the hydrological and climatic characteristics of the Karun-4 hydroelectric reservoir in Iran, an analysis was conducted. The objective functions and constraints of the Karun-4 hydropower reservoir were examined throughout the optimization procedure. HHO produces the best optimal value, the least-worst optimal value, the best average optimal value, and the best standard deviation (SD) with scores of 0.000026, 0.001735, 0.000520, and 0.000614, respectively, resulting in the best overall ranking mean (RM) with a score of 1.5 at Karun-4. Throughout the duration of the test, the optimized trends of water release and water storage indicate that HHO is superior to the other investigated metaheuristics. WOA has the best correlation of variation (CV) with a score of 0.090195, while LFWOA has the best convergence rate (3.208 s) and best CPU time. Overall, it can be concluded that HHO has the most desirable performance in terms of optimization. Yet, current studies indicate that both WOA and LFWOA generate positive and comparable outcomes.
Stationäre Versorgung in der Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie – wer hat Platz?
Authors: Sevecke Kathrin , Wenter Anna , Böge Isabel
Published: November 2022

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Im vorliegenden Artikel wird die stationäre kinder- und jugendpsychiatrische Versorgungslandschaft in Österreich vorgestellt, aktuelle Versorgungsdaten mit Stand Juni 2022 erhoben und gemessen am Bedarf beleuchtet.

Methode

Im Juni 2022 haben die Autor:innen den aktuellen Ist-Stand an den österreichischen kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Primariaten schriftlich erhoben. Hierbei wurden sowohl systemisierte Betten und Tagklinikbetten als auch die Anzahl der Fachärzt:innen und Assistenzärzt:innen berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse

Es wurde eine Bettenmessziffer von 0,05 Betten/1000 Einwohner:innen (Stand 6/2022) berechnet, die unter den vom Österreichischen Strukturplan Gesundheit vorgegebenen Planungsrichtwerten liegt und dem – durch die Pandemie weiter angestiegenen – realen Bedarf nicht entspricht. Darüber hinaus waren im Juni 2022 österreichweit 40 Betten wegen Personalmangels geschlossen und 26,5 Ausbildungsstellen unbesetzt.

Diskussion und Schlussfolgerungen

Auch wenn mit 07.02.2022 der Ausbildungsschlüssel im Rahmen der Mangelfachverordnung befristet bis 31.05.2027 auf 1:2 angehoben wurde, ist eine hinreichende Versorgung des – gerade in den Zeiten der Pandemie gestiegenen – kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Bedarfs so kaum zu gewährleisten. Es ist dringend notwendig, dass Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der kinder- und jugendpsychiatrischen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten ergriffen werden. Um nicht nur Notfallmanagement zu betreiben, sondern eine angemessene Versorgung der zunehmenden Zahl an manifest psychisch erkrankten Kindern und Jugendlichen sicherstellen zu können, muss (a) die Bettenmessziffer angehoben, (b) strukturelle Defizite behoben, aber auch (c) innovative Behandlungsmöglichkeiten im Sinne der stationsäquivalenten Behandlung (Hometreatment) umgesetzt werden.
Definizione di dieta chetogena: creatività o confusione?
Authors: Frigerio Francesco , Poggiogalle Eleonora , Donini Lorenzo M.
Published: November 2022

Sommario

Descritte per la prima volta negli anni’20 del Novecento, le diete chetogeniche sono passate da dietoterapia “di nicchia” per epilessie farmaco-resistenti o secondarie a rare malattie metaboliche (es. deficit di GLUT-1), a trattamento diffuso di patologie associate a malnutrizione per eccesso (diabete mellito di tipo 2, obesità). Attualmente non esiste una definizione univoca, ma si possono individuare tre classificazioni che combinano elementi differenti (composizione in macronutrienti, bilancio energetico, rapporto chetogenico) e risultano, pertanto, tra loro complementari. L’eterogeneità nella nomenclatura ha contribuito a generare false convinzioni sulla dieta chetogena, talvolta accostata a protocolli “low-carb” o “iperproteici”. Fare chiarezza non rappresenta quindi un mero esercizio accademico, ma un imperativo sia della ricerca sia della pratica clinica.
Frequency of sensitizations and allergies to house dust mites
Authors: Bergmann Karl-Christian
Published: November 2022

Domestic mites is the term used to describe dust mites and storage mites that prefer to live in houses and to which many people develop sensitization through the formation of specific IgE antibodies due to the high allergenic potency of mite allergens. As a result, mites can trigger allergic diseases of the upper and lower respiratory tract as well as cross-reactions to other allergens. Sensitization to house mites is widespread in the German population. About 11 million adults are sensitized in Germany (15.9%). Men are more frequently affected than women, and sensitizations occur more frequently in large cities and with higher socioeconomic status. Sensitizations are less frequent in old age. They can lead to diagnostic problems as clinically silent sensitizations, which is the case in about 40% of sensitizations.
Memory-based crowd-aware robot navigation using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Samsani Sunil Srivatsav , Mutahira Husna , Muhammad Mannan Saeed
Published: November 2022

The evolution of learning techniques has led robotics to have a considerable influence in industrial and household applications. With the progress in technology revolution, the demand for service robots is rapidly growing and extends to many applications. However, efficient navigation of service robots in crowded environments, with unpredictable human behaviors, is still challenging. The robot is supposed to recognize surrounding information while navigating, and then act accordingly. To address this issue, the proposed method crowd Aware Memory-based Reinforcement Learning (CAM-RL) uses gated recurrent units to store the relative dependencies among the crowd, and utilizes the human–robot interactions in the reinforcement learning framework for collision-free navigation. The proposed method is compared with the state-of-the-art techniques of multi-agent navigation, such as Collision Avoidance with Deep Reinforcement Learning (CADRL), Long Short-Term Memory Reinforcement Learning (LSTM-RL) and Social Attention Reinforcement Learning (SARL). Experimental results show that the proposed method can identify and learn human–robot interactions more extensively and efficiently than above-mentioned methods while navigating in a crowded environment. The proposed method achieved a success rate of greater than or equal to $$99\%$$

99
%

and a collision rate of less than or equal to $$1\%$$

1
%

in all test case scenarios, which is better compared to the previously proposed methods.
Land Premium Effects of Urban Rail Transit and the Associated Policy Insights for TOD: A Case of Ningbo, China
Authors: Lin Xiongbin , Niu Buqing , Liu Wenting , Zhong Jingjing , Dou Qianqian
Published: November 2022

With considerable investments, mainly from local government budgets, the construction and operation of urban rail transit (URT) can exert significant spillover effects on the surrounding land use and land prices. In particular, China’s local governments are actively committed to developing their URT systems and promoting large-scale transit-oriented development (TOD) projects under the public land leasing policy. However, the connection between the land premium effects and TOD policy and practice is still lacking, particularly in the local government contexts, which exhibit significant policy and spatial heterogeneity. Thus, this research represents an attempt to better address this issue using the city of Ningbo as a case study. First, the premium effects of URT on land prices are examined, after which three crucial policy insights (land value capture [LVC], public–private cooperation [PPC], and urban regeneration) are proposed to enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of TOD, demonstrating its strong connection with the potential premium effects. The findings demonstrate that (1) local governments have adopted different innovative policies—with the ambition—to implement LVC; (2) assisted by PPC, the local rail transit authority can significantly amplify the premium effects, although it must still address the fair distribution of premiums across multiple stakeholders; and (3) transit-oriented urban regeneration can significantly influence land prices/land rents and subsequently generate significant gentrification, which will be further addressed by the TOD policy and practice.
Organisational troubles in policy integration. French local food policies in the making
Authors: Pahun Jeanne , Fouilleux Eve
Published: November 2022

To better understand policy integration dynamics, this paper analyses the early implementation of three urban food policies in France (Montpellier, Rennes, Strasbourg). A key challenge of food policies is their intersectoral nature, while policy design is usually meant to be sectoral. This article seeks to understand both levers and brakes to the implementation of effective integrated policies at the urban level. To explore the making and “everydayness” of the three policy case studies, we collected empirical data based on a multi-faceted methodology comprising a wide review of the grey literature, 29 in-depth interviews, and several series of participant observations on the ground. Our analysis indicates that dedicated organisational resources, including assigned units, trained staff and appropriate financial resources, are keys to the deployment of integrated food policies. We argue that such organisational resources should be more systematically studied in the policy integration literature. Local food policies should also be assessed more critically by putting the organisational resources they receive into perspective with the massive use the local government can make of them for communication purposes.
An investigation on optimal outrigger locations for hybrid outrigger system under wind and earthquake excitation
Authors: John Neethu Elizabeth , Kamath Kiran
Published: November 2022

Outriggers are considered as an effective system to alleviate the responses caused due to the lateral loads on high rise buildings. The concept of hybrid outrigger system which has a conventional and a virtual outrigger at different levels has been proposed. This study analyzes the static and dynamic behaviour of hybrid outrigger system based on stiffness of core, stiffness of outrigger beam and belt wall, length of the outrigger arm, and height of the building as varying parameters, and investigated on optimal positions of hybrid outrigger system under wind and earthquake loads. The dynamic behaviour was evaluated using nonlinear time history analysis, and the static wind and earthquake response using Indian Standard codes. Analytical models of 40, 60 and 80 storeys having building heights of 140 m, 210 m and 280 m, respectively were considered for the parametric study. The optimal positions for hybrid outrigger system were obtained based on the response from absolute maximum inter storey drift ratio (ISDmax), roof displacement (disproof), roof acceleration (accroof) and base bending moment. A performance index criterion was introduced which was utilized to obtain the optimal position of the hybrid outrigger system considering the combined effect of ISDmax, accroofand disproofunder each load. The study concludes with a flowchart giving the preliminary recommendations for choosing the optimal position of hybrid outrigger system.
Improvement of leaf K+ retention is a shared mechanism behind CeO2 and Mn3O4 nanoparticles improved rapeseed salt tolerance
Authors: Li Yanhui , Hu Jin , Qi Jie , Zhao Fameng , Liu Jiahao , Chen Linlin , Chen Lu , Gu Jiangjiang , Wu Honghong , Li Zhaohu
Published: November 2022

Salinity is a global issue limiting efficient agricultural production. Nanobiotechnology has been emerged as an effective approach to improve plant salt tolerance. However, little known is about the shared mechanisms between different nanomaterials-enabled plant salt tolerance. In this study, we found that both PNC [polyacrylic acid coated nanoceria (CeO2 nanoparticles)] and PMO (polyacrylic acid coated Mn3O4 nanoparticles) nanozymes improved rapeseed salt tolerance. PNC and PMO treated rapeseed plants showed significantly fresh weight, dry weight, higher chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, and carbon assimilation rate than control plants under salt stress. Results from confocal imaging with reactive oxygen species (ROS) fluorescent dye and histochemical staining experiments showed that the ROS over-accumulation level in PNC and PMO treated rapeseed was significantly lower than control plants under salt stress. Confocal imaging results with K+ fluorescent dye showed that significantly higher cytosolic and vacuolar K+ signals were observed in PNC and PMO treated rapeseed than control plants under salt stress. This is further confirmed by leaf K+ content data. Furthermore, we found that PNC and PMO treated rapeseed showed significantly lower cytosolic Na+ signals than control plants under salt stress. While, compared with significantly higher vacuolar Na+ signals in PNC treated plants, PMO treated rapeseed showed significantly lower vacuolar Na+ signals than control plants under salt stress. These results are further supported by qPCR results of genes of Na+ and K+ transport. Overall, our results suggest that besides maintaining ROS homeostasis, improvement of leaf K+ retention could be a shared mechanism in nano-improved plant salt tolerance.
Global Weak Solutions to an Initial-Boundary Value Problem for a Three-phase Field Model of Solidification
Authors: Hossain Md Akram , Ma Li
Published: November 2022

In this article, we study an initial-boundary value problem for a three-phase field model of nonisothermal solidification processes in the case of two possible crystallization states. The governing equations of the model are the three phase-field equations coupled with a nonlinear heat equation. Each equation of the model has strong nonlinearities involving the higher-order derivatives. We prove the existence of global-in-time weak solutions to our problem for one-dimensional case.
Current landscape of research ethics consultation services: National survey results
Authors: Taylor Holly A. , Porter Kathryn M. , Sullivan Connor , McCormick Jennifer B.
Published: November 2022

Introduction:

The goal of a research ethics consultation service (RECS) is to assist relevant parties in navigating the ethical issues they encounter in conduct of research. The goal of this survey was to describe the current landscape of research ethics consultation and document if and how it has changed over the last decade.

Methods:

The survey instrument was based on the survey previously circulated. We included a number of survey domains from the previous survey with the goal of direct comparison of outcomes. The survey was sent to 57 RECS in the USA and Canada.

Results:

Forty-nine surveys were completed for an overall response rate of 86%. With the passing of 10 years, the volume of consults received by RECS surveyed has increased. The number of consults received by a subset of RECS remains low. RECS continues to receive requests for consults from a wide range of stakeholders. About a quarter of RECS surveyed actively evaluate their services, primarily through satisfaction surveys routinely shared with requestors. The number of RECS evaluating their services has increased. We identified a group of eight key competencies respondents find as key to providing RECS.

Conclusions:

The findings from our survey demonstrate that there have been growth and development of RECS since 2010. Further developing evaluation and competency guidelines will help existing RECS continue to grow and facilitate newly established RECS maturation. Both will allow RECS personnel to better serve their institutions and add value to the research conducted.
Roles of TGF-β in cancer hallmarks and emerging onco-therapeutic design
Authors: Dai Xiaofeng , Hua Dong , Lu Xiaoxia
Published: November 2022

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a double-edged sword in cancer treatment because of its pivotal yet complex and roles played during cancer initiation/development. Current anti-cancer strategies involving TGF-β largely view TGF-β as an onco-therapeutic target that not only substantially hinders its full utilisation for cancer control, but also considerably restricts innovations in this field. Thereby, how to take advantages of therapeutically favourable properties of TGF-β for cancer management represents an interesting and less investigated problem. Here, by categorising cancer hallmarks into four critical transition events and one enabling characteristic controlling cancer initiation and progression, and delineating TGF-β complexities according to these cancer traits, we identify the suppressive role of TGF-β in tumour initiation and early-stage progression and its promotive functionalities in cancer metastasis as well as other cancer hallmarks. We also propose the feasibility and possible scenarios of combining cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) with onco-therapeutics utilising TGF-β for cancer control given the intrinsic properties of CAP against cancer hallmarks.
Critical recurrence in the real quadratic family
Authors: BYLUND MATS
Published: November 2022

We study recurrence in the real quadratic family and give a sufficient condition on the recurrence rate$(\delta _n)$of the critical orbit such that, for almost every non-regular parametera, the set ofnsuch that$\vert F^n(0;a) \vert < \delta _n$is infinite. In particular, when$\delta _n = n^{-1}$, this extends an earlier result by Avila and Moreira [Statistical properties of unimodal maps: the quadratic family.Ann. of Math. (2)161(2) (2005), 831–881].
Computational analysis of experiments on shock detachment in hypersonic flow of nitrogen and carbon dioxide over a wedge
Authors: Hornung H.G. , Gollan R.J. , Jacobs P.A.
Published: November 2022

One of the most dramatic effects of vibrational and chemical non-equilibrium in hypersonic flows occurs in the bow-shock detachment process in flow over a wedge. This was shown theoretically and in reflected shock tunnel experiments by Hornung & Smith (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 93, 1979, pp. 225–239). In the present work, the effect is first demonstrated by computation of two-dimensional non-equilibrium flows. The effect of the finite transverse extent of the wedge is then studied by three-dimensional computations of non-relaxing flows. An analytical formula is obtained that gives the shock detachment distance of a finite wedge for ideal-gas and equilibrium flows. In the experiment, the finite transverse extent of the wedge competes with the non-equilibrium effects, as each introduces a new length scale. The carbon dioxide and nitrogen flows of the experiment are therefore computed in three dimensions and with two-temperature chemistry accounting for vibrational and chemical non-equilibrium. In the case of nitrogen flow, the agreement between experiment and computation is not good, the experimental detachment distance being larger. A number of possible reasons are quantitatively examined. A conclusive resolution of the discrepancy is considered to require a repeat of the experiment with more accurately characterized conditions. In the case of the carbon dioxide experiments, the computed results agree remarkably well with experiment. This is partially due to the fact that the condition is very close to equilibrium, where the sensitivity of the detachment process to relaxation effects is small. The analytical expression for the dimensionless detachment distance agrees very well with all the three-dimensional computations of non-relaxing flows.