bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cultural competence of pre-licensure nursing faculty
Authors: Marzilli Colleen , Mastel-Smith Beth
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study was to determine the level of cultural competence (CC) in Texas pre-licensure nursing faculty and examine the relationships between demographics and CC scores. The researchers conducted a study to determine if demographics predicted the level of CC and explored the perceptions of CC. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design used data from a 2014 online survey with a qualitative interview component. Demographics were evaluated with descriptive statistics and CC was measured with The Nurses’ Cultural Competence Scale (NCCS). Qualitative data were analyzed using a constant comparative method. The level of CC was low to moderate. Three themes emerged from the interviews: knowledge is experiential, skills require emotional intelligence, and desire requires a catalyst. Nursing faculty could benefit from experiences with culturally diverse patients and students. Continuing education offerings and courses should follow best practices models of CC education and focus on providing meaningful experiences may also increase the knowledge and skills to help faculty members.
The Impact of Business Scale of “Shadow Banking” on Credit Risk of Commercial Banks --Take Ten Domestic Listed Commercial Banks as Examples
Authors: Wen Sijia , Ma Jishan , Pan Yawen , Qi Yuan , Xiong Ruizhi
Published: April 2017

In this article, according to search for the definition of shadow banking, we can make sure the business kinds of “shadow banking”, discuss the influence of business in “shadow banking” on credit risk of commercial banks, and study the elements which may increase the credit risk of commercial banks by using the semi-annual panel data during 2011-2016 of 10 listed banks. Then we can come to some primary conclusions: The credit risk of commercial banks is related to the shadow banking business. All the survival scale increment of financial products increasing, the size of entrusted loans increasing in increment, and the increasing in the size of guarantee commitments will increase the credit risk of commercial banks. There is no obvious relationship between trust loan business and bank credit risk. Our study is of great significance for the government to supervise the off-balance-sheet business of commercial banks. At the same time, it also fills the vacancy of domestic commercial banking “shadow banking” business empirical research.
Industrial Network Security – A Critical Review
Authors: Kidege Omar Salim , MAJ Stanislaw Paul
Published: April 2017

In advanced societies all aspects of commerce and industry are now based on networked IT systems. Failures of these systems have the potential to be extremely disruptive. The term Critical Infrastructure (CI) is used to define systems (private and public) considered vital to national interests whose interruption would have a debilitating effect on society. It is recognized cyber security threats to CIs range from malicious to state sponsored. The threats are typically continuous and evolving in sophistication. This paper is primarily focused on Process Control Networks (PCNs). PCNs are used as the basis of industrial process control in a wide range of applications (manufacturing, oil and gas, water etc.). Given the importance of this industrial sector there are a range of guidelines considered to be exemplars of best practice. However given the constantly evolving sophistication of hackers the true measure of security is penetration testing – not something that is practical in industrial systems.
Effects of Electric Utility Decoupling on Energy Efficiency
Authors: Kahn-Lang Jenya
Published: April 2017

Most economists agree that revenue decoupling eliminates utilities’ incentives to encourage overconsumption of energy, but critics argue that decoupled utilities have no incentive to promote energy efficiency. This paper models the repeated game between regulator and utility and shows that decoupled utilities have greater equilibrium utility demand-side management (DSM) investment in the presence of DSM-related shareholder incentives. It then shows empirically that decoupling is historically associated with significant residential electricity consumption reductions, augmented DSM spending levels, and increased DSM investment efficacy.
Cockfighting in Venezuela: Capitalist Paroxysm within a State Controlled Economy
Authors: Moncrieff Zabaleta Henry
Published: April 2017

In 2014 in Guasipati, an agricultural and cattle town in Southeastern Venezuela, I witnessed a group of men of all generations who staged themselves through the orgasmic rite of cockfights. In Geertz's famous ethnography of cockfighting in Bali, the ‘irrationality’ of betting appears at first as surprising. But cockfighting is a game that dramatizes status and tests group solidarity, it is a measure of moral import and of meaning. This photographic record of masculinities at play in cockfighting builds on Geertz’ interpretation. The images were taken in the gallera (cockpit) of Guasipati during a clandestine night. It is here that the participating men engage in a form of capitalist communication that directly questions the Bolivarian Revolution. Many are workers within socialist enterprises, and they tremendously enjoy this illegal and transgressive activity. Within this space, the patterns of exchange become competitive and inscribed in subterranean capitalist circuits, evoking a symbolism of masculine power disputes (who is a man and who not) vis-à-vis the prohibitions of socialism. It is here that illegal enrichment that serves as a source and mark of status within the state controlled economy is effectively played out. Behind the  individual and collective euphoria seen in the photographs, there are even more euphoric social tensions of betting and status at work.
ARIMA Forecasting Chinese Macroeconomic Variables Based on Factor and Principal Component Backdating
Authors: Wei Wang  , Yan Liu
Published: April 2017

In this paper the backdating methods based on factors and principal components are applied for the first time to emulate the historical macroeconomic variables in China. The numerical results show that these procedures are useful to backdate some missing or not available historical data. ARIMA forecasting experiments based on backdated historical data are conducted and compared with forecasting procedures using directly factors and principal components. Our results suggest that some key variables like GDP can indeed be forecasted more precisely with the principal components backdated data.
Comparative Study on Water Holding Capacity (WHC) of Broiler and Layer Meat
Authors: Majid Saleem  , Rameez Raja Kaleri  , Depeesh Kumar  , Raza Ali Mangi  , Lokesh Kumar  , Kabir Ahmed  , Anees Memon  , Zafar Khoso  , Muhammad Amjad Jakhro
Published: April 2017

This manuscript RETRACTED by the authors
Heritability Estimates for some Performances Traits of Baluchi Sheep
Authors: Zahid Qadir  , Hubdar Ali Kaleri  , Rameez Raja Kaleri  , Asma Kaleri  , Mushtaque Ahmed Jalbani  , Azhar Hussain Kaleri  , Faisal Ashraf  , Abdul Kabir  , Ali Ghulam Bugti
Published: April 2017

Present study was carried out to estimates the genetic parameters of Baluchi sheep during the year 2015 at Bhagnari cattle Cum Baluchi Sheep Farm Usta Muhammad, Baluchistan. The recorded data including (lactation yield and lactation length) was collected for the period 2005 to 2014.The results of current study revealed that average milk yield and lactation length was found 95.1±11.122kg and 123.60±8.44days of Baluchi sheep. The results for heritability and correlation estimates for lactation yield and lactation length was observed 0.113, 0.126 and 0.26, respectively. There was positive and low heritability and correlation was worked out for lactation yield and lactation length. Due to low results heritability and correlation estimates of some performance traits of Baluchi sheep, it was concluded that improvement can be achieved by process of mass selection.
O acesso do homem ao serviço de saúde na atenção primária Man’s access to health services in primary care
Authors: Solano Lorrainy Da Cruz , Bezerra Marco Antônio de Castro , Medeiros Renata de Sousa , Carlos Eumendes Fernandes , De Carvalho Francisca Patrícia Barreto , De Miranda Francisco Arnoldo Nunes
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Investigar os aspectos que influenciam no acesso do homem ao serviço de saúde da atenção primária. Método: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado com oito homens através de grupo focal em outubro de 2010. Os dados foram analisados com base na técnica do Discurso de Sujeito Coletivo. Resultados: Os usuários expressaram pouco investimento na organização do serviço numa perspectiva de gênero reforçando o senso-comum de que os homens não são usuários da atenção primária, tendo ainda uma ideologia subsidiado pelo patriarcado. Conclusão: É preciso pensar nos determinantes sócio-históricos-culturais dos modos de viver, adoecer e morrer do homem na atualidade e instaurar um novo paradigma acerca da saúde do homem na vida moderna.
Prevalência e fatores associados à neuropatia periférica em indivíduos com diabetes mellitus Prevalence and factors associated with peripheral neuropathy in individuals with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Brinati Lídia Miranda , Diogo Nádia Aparecida Soares , Moreira Tiago Ricardo , Mendonça Érica Toledo , Amaro Marilane Oliveira Fani
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência da polineuropatia (PND) em indivíduos diabéticos tipo 2  assistidos no Centro de Atenção à Saúde Hiperdia, em Viçosa-MG e identificar fatores associados ao diagnóstico positivo da PND através do escore de sintomas neuropáticos e testes de sensibilidade. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo transversal realizado de 12/2013 a 06/2014, através de fonte secundária. A prevalência da PND e sua associação com cada variável foi avaliada pelo teste Qui-quadrado de Pearson e o Teste Exato de Fischer. Na regressão logística utilizou-se o método de eliminação backward pelo teste de Wald. Resultados: Verificou-se a prevalência de PND: 36,89%, sendo maior em indivíduos do sexo masculino, em indivíduos com maior tempo de diagnóstico do Diabetes Mellitus (DM) e ausência de sensibilidade protetora plantar (SPP). Conclusão: O estudo detectou uma alta prevalência de PND, reforçando a necessidade do diagnóstico precoce, a fim de previnir ulcerações, melhorando a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos diabéticos.
Percepções do acompanhante de escolha da mulher acerca da organização e ambiência do centro obstétrico Perceptions from the delivering women’s chosen companion concerning the obstetrics ward organization and ambience
Authors: Demarche Frutuoso Letícia , Brüggemann Odaléa Maria , Monticelli Marisa , Oliveira Maria Emilia de , Costa Roberta
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa, que objetivou conhecer as percepções do acompanhante sobre a organização e a ambiência do centro obstétrico, e identificar quais aspectos facilitam e dificultam sua permanência. Método: os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, realizadas de novembro/2010 a maio/2011, em uma maternidade pública de Santa Catarina, com 16 acompanhantes de escolha da mulher. Resultados: a partir da análise dos dados, utilizando-se o Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo, emergiram quatro temas: orientações sobre as normas e rotinas recebidas pelo acompanhante antes de entrar no centro obstétrico; ambiência do centro obstétrico; aspectos que facilitaram a permanência do acompanhante no centro obstétrico; e aspectos que dificultaram. Conclusão: apesar de algumas dificuldades enfrentadas, especialmente decorrentes da falta de orientação e da acomodação inapropriada para o acompanhante, de maneira geral, elas não se tornaram obstáculos para a permanência junto à parturiente.Descritores: Parto Humanizado; Organização e Administração; Enfermagem Obstétrica.
Características epidemiológicas das puérperas internadas em maternidade pública de João Pessoa no ano de 2014 Epidemiological characteristics of puerperal women interned at public maternity hospital in João Pessoa in 2014
Authors: Toscano Marina Moura , Paiva Claudio Sérgio Medeiros , Nunesmaia Henrique Gil Silva
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Conhecer características epidemiológicas das puérperas da Maternidade Frei Damião, atendidas entre Janeiro e Julho de 2014. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, transversal e prospectivo. Amostra não probabilística por conveniência, composta por 400 puérperas, entrevistadas com ajuda de um questionário. Os dados foram analisados com tabelas algébricas, SPSS e Teste Qui-Quadrado. Resultados: Encontramos maior prevalência de adolescentes entre 15 e 17 anos, nascidas e procedentes de zona urbana, sem parentesco com o pai do RN, sem abortamentos prévios, com baixo nível de escolaridade, menarca por volta de 12 anos, sexarca por volta de 16 anos e pai do RN com média de 27 anos. Conclusão: A partir desses resultados, conhecemos melhor o perfil dessas mulheres. Isso pode ajudar na melhoria do atendimento, com maior foco nas necessidades dessas adolescentes, e prevenção de gravidez na adolescência. Descritores: Saúde Reprodutiva, Gravidez na Adolescência, Epidemiologia.
Planejamento familiar: uma base de dados Family planning: a database
Authors: Barros Silva Jaqueline Miranda , Nunes Maryelle Alves
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Descrever as características reprodutivas, socioeconômicas e demográficas de mulheres na faixa etária de 15 a 49 anos, da equipe 023 na USF Laurides de Lima Milhomem. Método: Documental com abordagem quantitativa–descritiva, população composta por 1132 mulheres e amostra por 207, com aplicação de questionário após levantamento de prontuários. Resultados: 68,6% das mulheres com faixa etária entre 26 a 40 anos, 86,5% possuem parceiro fixo, 48,5% possuem mais de dois filhos, intervalo interpartal aceitável. 38,5% não planejaram a gravidez, 88,5% a desejaram. 61,9% conhecem sobre planejamento familiar, porém 43,0% utilizaram esse serviço. Método mais citado foi o anticoncepcional oral. 62,2% dos companheiros nunca participaram do planejamento. Conclusão: Melhoria da estratégia de planejamento familiar, cujas informações repassadas à comunidade ainda não são suficientes para utilização do método contraceptivo e, por conseguinte, evitar os altos índices de gravidez não planejada. Descritores: Planejamento Familiar, Consulta, Enfermagem, Saúde da Família.
Can high‐temperature, high‐heat flux hydrothermal vent fields be explained by thermal convection in the lower crust along fast‐spreading Mid‐Ocean Ridges?
Authors: Fontaine Fabrice J. , Rabinowicz M. , Cannat M.
Published: April 2017

We present numerical models to explore possible couplings along the axis of fast‐spreading ridges, between hydrothermal convection in the upper crust and magmatic flow in the lower crust. In an end‐member category of models corresponding to effective viscosities μM lower than 1013 Pa.s in a melt‐rich lower crustal along‐axis corridor and permeability k not exceeding ∼10−16 m2 in the upper crust, the hot, melt‐rich, gabbroic lower crust convects as a viscous fluid, with convection rolls parallel to the ridge axis. In these models, we show that the magmatic‐hydrothermal interface settles at realistic depths for fast ridges, i.e., 1–2 km below seafloor. Convection cells in both horizons are strongly coupled and kilometer‐wide hydrothermal upflows/plumes, spaced by 8–10 km, arise on top of the magmatic upflows. Such magmatic‐hydrothermal convective couplings may explain the distribution of vent fields along the East (EPR) and South‐East Pacific Rise (SEPR). The lower crustal plumes deliver melt locally at the top of the magmatic horizon possibly explaining the observed distribution of melt‐rich regions/pockets in the axial melt lenses of EPR and SEPR. Crystallization of this melt provides the necessary latent heat to sustain permanent ∼100 MW vents fields. Our models also contribute to current discussions on how the lower crust forms at fast ridges: they provide a possible mechanism for focused transport of melt‐rich crystal mushes from moho level to the axial melt lens where they further crystallize, feed eruptions, and are transported both along and off‐axis to produce the lower crust.
Strong biotic influences on regional patterns of climate regulation services
Authors: Serna‐Chavez H. M. , Swenson N. G. , Weiser M. D. , van Loon E. E. , Bouten W. , Davidson M. D. , van Bodegom P. M.
Published: April 2017

Climate regulation services from forests are an important leverage in global‐change mitigation treaties. Like most ecosystem services, climate regulation is the product of various ecological phenomena with unique spatial features. Elucidating which abiotic and biotic factors relate to spatial patterns of climate regulation services advances our understanding of what underlies climate‐mitigation potential and its variation within and across ecosystems. Here we quantify and contrast the statistical relations between climate regulation services (albedo and evapotranspiration, primary productivity, and soil carbon) and abiotic and biotic factors. We focus on 16,955 forest plots in a regional extent across the eastern United States. We find the statistical effects of forest litter and understory carbon on climate regulation services to be as strong as those of temperature‐precipitation interactions. These biotic factors likely influence climate regulation through changes in vegetation and canopy density, radiance scattering, and decomposition rates. We also find a moderate relation between leaf nitrogen traits and primary productivity at this regional scale. The statistical relation between climate regulation and temperature‐precipitation ranges, seasonality, and climatic thresholds highlights a strong feedback with global climate change. Our assessment suggests the expression of strong biotic influences on climate regulation services at a regional, temperate extent. Biotic homogenization and management practices manipulating forest structure and succession will likely strongly impact climate‐mitigation potential. The identity, strength, and direction of primary influences differed for each process involved in climate regulation. Hence, different abiotic and biotic factors are needed to monitor and quantify the full climate‐mitigation potential of temperate forest ecosystems.
Global observations of magnetospheric high‐m poloidal waves during the 22 June 2015 magnetic storm
Authors: Le G. , Chi P. J. , Strangeway R. J. , Russell C. T. , Slavin J. A. , Takahashi K. , Singer H. J. , Anderson B. J. , Bromund K. , Fischer D. , Kepko E. L. , Magnes W. , Nakamura R. , Plaschke F. , Torbert R. B.
Published: April 2017

We report global observations of high‐m poloidal waves during the recovery phase of the 22 June 2015 magnetic storm from a constellation of widely spaced satellites of five missions including Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS), Van Allen Probes, Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorm (THEMIS), Cluster, and Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES). The combined observations demonstrate the global spatial extent of storm time poloidal waves. MMS observations confirm high azimuthal wave numbers (m ~ 100). Mode identification indicates the waves are associated with the second harmonic of field line resonances. The wave frequencies exhibit a decreasing trend as L increases, distinguishing them from the single‐frequency global poloidal modes normally observed during quiet times. Detailed examination of the instantaneous frequency reveals discrete spatial structures with step‐like frequency changes along L. Each discrete L shell has a steady wave frequency and spans about 1 RE, suggesting that there exist a discrete number of drift‐bounce resonance regions across L shells during storm times.
Facial Displays
Authors: Micheletta Jérôme , Waller Bridget M.
Published: April 2017

Facial displays (facial communication, facial expressions, facial signals) are central to the lives of social primates: they can convey important information about an individual's motivation and likely forthcoming behavior. Facial displays are produced by the specific configuration and contraction of facial muscles, which are relatively well conserved among members of the Primate Order. Facial displays can be studied precisely and accurately using bottom‐up, anatomical approaches such as the Facial Action Coding System (FACS). Systematic, quantifiable comparisons between species can then be conducted to further our understanding of the evolution and function of primates' facial displays.
All The World's Primates
Authors: Rowe Noel , Myers Marc
Published: April 2017

All The World's Primates (ATWP) (
http://alltheworldsprimates.org
) is the comprehensive online resource for information on primate species and subspecies. The foundation of ATWP is a relational database, with contributions from more than 300 scientists. It contains habitat, social behavior, diet, physical measurements, risks of extinction, life history, and other facts critical to understanding primate lives. The database contains all species and subspecies recognized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature. Other taxonomies are also included. ATWP also illustrates the diversity of our taxonomic order through hundreds of videos; audio clips; interactive maps; and over 3,000 photographs. ATWP is fully referenced. Access to ATWP is a member benefit of Primate Conservation, Inc. (
http://primate.org
/), a US 501(c)3 not‐for‐profit corporation. Individual memberships for either a semester or a lifetime are available on the site. Institutional memberships are also available.
Sociobiology
Authors: Lewis Rebecca J.
Published: April 2017

Sociobiology is the study of social behavior within the context of evolutionary theory. It examines the hypothesis that natural selection shapes behavior and is one of the predominant paradigms for explaining animal behavior.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Fine Structured B4C/2024 Al Composites with High B4C Content
Authors: Zheng Ruixiao , Ma Fengmei , Zhang Yitan , Ma Chaoli
Published: April 2017

In this study, bulk fine structured B4C/2024 Al composites with various B4C content are prepared by mechanical milling and subsequent hot consolidation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation revealed that the higher the B4C content, the finer the B4C particle size in the bulk composites. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation indicates that the grain size of the Al matrix around the B4C particles is much finer compared to other, area due to the large difference in coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between the Al matrix and the B4C particles. Room temperature compression test reveals that with increasing B4C content, the compression strength of the bulk samples first increases and then decreases. The significant change of the mechanical properties is discussed based on the microstructure observed.
Study of Interfacial Interactions in Physically Transient Soft Layered Structures: A Step toward Understanding Interfacial Bonding and Failure in Soft Degradable Structures
Authors: Chen Yuanfen , Jamshidi Reihaneh , Hong Wangyujue , Hashemi Nicole N. , Montazami Reza
Published: April 2017

Soft multilayer structures have broad applications in transient electronics. Strain‐mismatch‐induced fracture is key in achieving physical transiency. Here, swelling‐mismatch‐induced fragmentation of physically transient electrodes is studied. The fragment size of the electrode layer as a function of initial defect distribution is investigated. The average fragment size is predicted and verified by a combination of experimental and FEM analysis. It is found that only large defects initiate fragmentation; this concept can be used to control disintegration of physically transient electronics by means of materials and design, and can be extended to study transiency of soft multilayer structures.
Intelligent Molecular Searcher from Logic Computing Network Based on Eu(III) Functionalized UMOFs for Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Yu , Yan Bing
Published: April 2017

By taking advantage of facile preparation and sensitive recognition capacity, the first example of a fluorescence system based on Eu(III) functionalized UiO(bpdc) (UMOFs) has been constructed for effective combination of ions recognition and logic computing. All the ions, including Hg2+, Ag+, and S2− in the system are water harmful, which can be recognized through affecting energy transfer or framework structure. By the self‐assembling, competing and connecting with each other, Eu(III)@UMOFs and the ions have achieved the implementation of Boolean logic network system connecting the elementary logic operations (NOR, INH, and IMP) and integrative logic operation (OR + INH), also obtaining computing keypad‐lock security system by sequential logic operation. To deal with uncertain information in the analog region of nonlinear response (fluorescence and concentration), soft computation through the formulation of fuzzy logic operation has been constructed. On the basis of Boolean logic and fuzzy logic, one intelligent molecular searcher can be realized by taking chemical events (Hg2+, Ag+, and S2−) as programmable words and chemical interactions as syntax. Considering the particularity of all the input ions, the approach is helpful in developing the advanced logic program based on Eu(III)@UMOFs for application in environmental monitoring.
A Versatile and Simple Approach to Generate Light Emission in Semiconductors Mediated by Electric Double Layers
Authors: Pu Jiang , Fujimoto Taiyo , Ohasi Yuki , Kimura Shota , Chen Chang‐Hsiao , Li Lain‐Jong , Sakanoue Tomo , Takenobu Taishi
Published: April 2017

The light‐emitting device is the primary device for current light sources. In principle, conventional light‐emitting devices need heterostructures and/or intentional carrier doping to form a p–n junction. This junction formation is, however, very difficult to achieve for most emerging semiconductors, and the fabrication of light‐emitting devices is invariably a significant challenge. This study proposes a versatile and simple approach to realize light‐emitting devices. This proposed device requires only a semiconducting film with two electrodes that are covered with an electrolyte. This unique structure achieves light emission at a voltage slightly larger than the bandgap energy of materials. This study applies this concept to emerging direct bandgap semiconductors, such as transition metal dichalcogenide monolayers and zinc oxide single crystals. These devices generate obvious light emission and provide sufficient evidence of the formation of a dynamic p–i–n junction or tunneling junction, presenting a versatile technique to develop optoelectronic devices.
Direct Olefination of Fluorinated QuinoxalinesviaCross‐ Dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions: A New Near‐Infrared Probe for Mitochondria
Authors: Zhang Zeyuan , Zheng Yiwen , Sun Zuobang , Dai Zhen , Tang Ziqiang , Ma Jiangshan , Ma Chen
Published: April 2017

A large library of 5,8‐distyrylquinoxaline fluorophores was synthesized in good‐to‐excellent yieldsviaa palladium‐catalyzed oxidative C–H/C–H cross‐coupling of electron‐deficient fluorinated quinoxalines with electron‐rich styrenes. The resulting quinoxaline fluorophores (Qu‐Fluors) exhibited tunable color emissions with the quantum yields of up to 83% and large Stokes shifts of up to 6236 cm−1in dichloromethane. The bioimaging performance of the Qu‐Fluors was shown to have potential as near‐infrared fluorescent probes for mitochondria.

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A TGAS/GaiaDR1 parallactic distance to the σ Orionis cluster
Authors: Caballero José A.
Published: April 2017

With the new Tycho‐Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS), I derive a new parallactic distance to the young σ Orionis open cluster, which is a cornerstone region for studying the formation and evolution of stars and substellar objects from tens of solar masses to a few Jupiter masses. I started with the list of the 46 brightest cluster stars of Caballero (2007). After identifying the 24 TGAS stars in the 30 arcmin‐radius survey area and accounting for 11 FGKM‐type dwarfs and giants in the foreground and background, I got a list of 13 cluster members and candidates with new parallaxes. Of them, I discarded five cluster member candidates with questionable features of youth and/or discordant parallaxes and proper motions, including a distant Herbig Ae/Be star, and proceeded with the remaining eight stars. The σ Orionis mean heliocentric distance is , which is consistent with a contemporaneous interferometric determination that concludes a two‐decade dispute on the cluster distance. As a by‐product, the reclassification of those five cluster member candidates, now interlopers, shows a manifest deficit of cluster stars between 1.2 and 2.1 M⊙, which leaves the door open to new astrometric membership analyses with the next Gaia data releases.
Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Neutral Adaptation in Rat Auditory Cortex
Authors: HITSUYU RIE , SHIRAMATSU TOMOYO ISOGUCHI , NODA TAKAHIRO , KANZAKI RYOHEI , UNO TAKESHI , KAWAI KENSUKE , TAKAHASHI HIROKAZU
Published: April 2017

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) causes neuromodulatory effects in the cerebral cortex, which are useful not only for therapy on intractable epilepsy but also for enhancement of higher brain functions such as cognition and memory. Recently, it has been reported that VNS may also affect auditory‐evoked neutral activities. However, it remains to be elucidated how and where VNS modulates neutral activities in the auditory cortex. Here, we examined effects of VNS on adaptation of neutral activities in response to repeated stimuli in the rat auditory cortex. Both a surface and depth microelectrode array recorded auditory‐evoked potentials in response to click train and oddball stimuli. We quantified a repetition rate transfer function and common stimulus‐specific adaptation (SSA) index from the amplitude of middle‐latency response (PI). Consequently, VNS affected temporal response property and increased SSA in the layer 1 and 5/6 of auditory cortex. This result suggests that VNS strengthens adaptation in the auditory cortex in a layer‐specific manner.
Is the nuclear refractive index lower than cytoplasm? Validation of phase measurements and implications for light scattering technologies
Authors: Steelman Zachary A. , Eldridge Will J. , Weintraub Jacob B. , Wax Adam
Published: April 2017

The refractive index (RI) of biological materials is a fundamental parameter for the optical characterization of living systems. Numerous light scattering technologies are grounded in a quantitative knowledge of the refractive index at cellular and subcellular scales. Recent work in quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) has called into question the widely held assumption that the index of the cell nucleus is greater than that of the cytoplasm, a result which disagrees with much of the current literature. In this work, we critically examine the measurement of the nuclear and whole‐cell refractive index using QPM, validating that nuclear refractive index is lower than that of cytoplasm in four diverse cell lines and their corresponding isolated nuclei. We further examine Mie scattering and phase‐wrapping as potential sources of error in these measurements, finding they have minimal impact. Finally, we use simulation to examine the effects of incorrect RI assumptions on nuclear morphology measurements using angle‐resolved scattering information. Despite an erroneous assumption of the nuclear refractive index, accurate measurement of nuclear morphology was maintained, suggesting that light scattering modalities remain effective.
Synthesis of New tert‐Butyl‐ and Bromo‐functionalized [1,2,4]Triazino [5,6‐b]indole‐3‐thiols and Indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxalines
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Yang , Zhang Hong
Published: April 2017

In the present investigation, the synthesis of a series of structurally new and interesting tert‐butyl‐ and bromo‐functionalized [1,2,4]triazino[5,6‐b]indoles (6a–f) and indolo[2,3‐b]quinoxalines (8a–f) has been achieved, involving the condensation reaction of 7‐bromo‐5‐tert‐butylisatins (4a–f) with thiosemicarbazide (5) and benzene‐1,2‐diamine (7). The substrates 4a–f were prepared through bromination reaction of 5‐tert‐butylisatin (3) with NBS in PEG‐400 followed by alkylation reaction. The molecular structures of these newly synthesized compounds were elucidated on the basis of their elemental analyses and spectral data.
Preparation and Characterization of Highly Bio‐Based Epoxy Amine Thermosets Derived from Lignocellulosics
Authors: Mauck Joseph R. , Yadav Santosh K. , Sadler Joshua M. , La Scala John J. , Palmese Giuseppe R. , Schmalbach Kevin M. , Stanzione Joseph F.
Published: April 2017

The development of chemicals from renewable sources as replacements for current toxic and unsustainable petrochemicals is an area of expanding study and interest. Phenolic epoxies derived from lignin, an underutilized resource generated as waste by the pulp and paper industry, and furanyl–amine epoxy curing agents derived from cellulosic biomass, are already proven independently to yield thermosetting resins possessing adequate thermal and thermomechanical properties. In this work, the union of the aforementioned technologies is examined to determine the properties and characteristics of such highly bio‐derived epoxy and amine thermosets. Resins with bio‐derived carbon content greater than 97% are synthesized and characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Lignin‐derived epoxy resins are found to be compatible with a cellulose‐derived furanyl diamine curing agent to produce thermosetting resins with good thermomechanical and thermogravimetric properties, rivaling the levels of properties exhibited by similar commercial petroleum‐derived systems, indicating viability for replacing petroleum‐based polymers in high‐temperature applications.

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Chemoinformatics at IFP Energies Nouvelles: Applications in the Fields of Energy, Transport, and Environment
Authors: Creton Benoit
Published: April 2017

The objective of the present paper is to summarize chemoinformatics based research, and more precisely, the development of quantitative structure property relationships performed at IFP Energies nouvelles (IFPEN) during the last decade. A special focus is proposed on research activities performed in the “Thermodynamics and Molecular Simulation” department, i. e. the use of multiscale molecular simulation methods in responses to projects. Molecular simulation techniques can be envisaged to supplement dataset when experimental information lacks, thus the review includes a section dedicated to molecular simulation codes, development of intermolecular potentials, and some of their possible applications. Know‐how and feedback from our experiences in terms of machine learning application for thermophysical property predictions are included in a section dealing with methodological aspects. The generic character of chemoinformatics is emphasized through applications in the fields of energy, transport, and environment, with illustrations for three IFPEN business units: “Transports”, “Energy Resources”, and “Processes”. More precisely, the review focus on different challenges such as the prediction of properties for alternative fuels, the prediction of fuel compatibility with polymeric materials, the prediction of properties for surfactants usable in chemical enhanced oil recovery, and the prediction of guest‐host interactions between gases and nanoporous materials in the frame of carbon dioxide capture or gas separation activities.
ACCPTemplate for Evaluating a Clinical Pharmacist
Authors: Lee Mary , Badowski Melissa E. , Acquisto Nicole M. , Covey Douglas F. , Fox Brian D. , Gaffney Sarah M. , Haines Stuart T. , Hilaire Michelle L. , Raymond Alexandre , Salvo Marissa C. , Turner Kyle
Published: April 2017

ACCPis committed to ensuring that clinical pharmacists possess the competencies necessary to deliver comprehensive medication management in team‐based, direct patient care environments. These competencies are divided into six essential domains: direct patient care, pharmacotherapy knowledge, systems‐based care and population health, communication, professionalism, and continuing professional development. The 2016ACCPClinical Practice Affairs Committee has developed an evaluation tool that includes the assessable tasks of today's clinical pharmacists that fall within each domain. This instrument can be used by institutions, organizations, and others responsible for clinical pharmacist performance evaluation and professional development.
Unusual magnetic properties of Au–Mn nanowires on copper and silicon substrates
Authors: Sitnikov I. I. , Tsysar K. M. , Smelova E. M. , Saletsky A. M.
Published: April 2017

The quantum properties of bimetallic supported Au–Mn nanowires on copper and silicon substrates were studied. As a result of ab initio calculations it was found that Au–Mn nanowires are antiferromagnetic in the ground state. The strong dependence of magnetic properties of supported Au–Mn nanowires on the substrate geometry and component composition was revealed. Analysis of wire geometry shows that Mn atoms are embedded into the silicon substrate. Results of our study show the strong suppressing of exchange interaction in Au–Mn nanowire on nonmetal silicon substrate in comparison to copper ones. A significant decrease was found for the energy difference ΔE between antiferromagnetic and ferromagnetic states of the supported Au–Mn nanowires in comparison to freestanding nanowires as the result of nanowire–substrate interaction.
Total Synthesis of Penicinoline E, Marinamide, Methyl Marinamide and their Antimalarial Activity
Authors: Naveen Badher , Ommi Naidu Babu , Mudiraj Anwita , Mallikarjuna Thippana , Babu Phanithi Prakash , Nagarajan Rajagopal
Published: April 2017

Syntheses of unusual pyrrole alkaloids Penicinoline E, Marinamide and Methyl marinamide were successfully achieved in two steps from easily accessible starting materials with excellent overall yields 70–97 %. The Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling followed by dearomatization represents the key step in the synthesis of title compounds. The structure of Penicinoline E was unequivocally confirmed by single X‐ray analysis. The antiplasmodial activity of alkaloids was evaluated and shown a good antimalarial activity against human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Against chloroquine sensitive (pf3d7), both Penicinoline E and Methyl marinamide displayed IC50 value of 1.56 μM and Marinamide displayed IC50 value of 25 μM respectively. In addition, against chloroquine resistant strain (pfDd2) of plasmodium falciparum they have also shown 4.68 μM, 2.34 μM and 25 μM respectively.
Regioselective Heterodimerization of Styrenes with Diarylethene and Vinylnaphthalene by a Catalyst System Consisting of Simple Acid and a Ketone
Authors: Fehn Sonja , Schwarz Stefan , Kempe Rhett
Published: April 2017

Selective C−C bond formation reactions based on olefins are highly important, because olefins are an inexpensive abundantly available feedstock. The development of selective but simple inexpensive catalyst systems is similarly important, since many C−C bond formation reactions are mediated by rare and expensive metal catalysts. We report here on an inexpensive metal‐free catalyst system for the regioselective heterodimerization of olefins. The key is the combination of a simple acid and a ketone as the catalyst. In addition to the homodimerization of styrene derivatives, the regioselective heterodimerization of styrene derivatives with diphenylethene and vinylnaphthalene is demonstrated. Moreover, a mechanistic proposal for the reactions discussed here is provided. We expect that our findings will inspire others to look for metal‐free catalyst systems for selective C−C bond formation reactions.
Preparation and Physicochemical Properties of Lauroyl‐Glutamyl‐Lysil‐Lauroyl‐Glutamate Vesicles
Authors: Fujii Mika , Fujisaki Tomoko , Fukuda Toshio , Wada Yuko , Shimokawa Ken‐ichi , Ishii Fumiyoshi
Published: April 2017

We investigate the compositions of vesicle formulation by assembling phase diagrams of the ternary components of lauroyl‐glutamyl‐lysil‐lauroyl‐glutamate (C12‐GLG‐C12) peptide‐based gemini‐type amphiphile/citric acid/water using visual and microscopic observations. To clarify interactions between C12‐GLG‐C12 and citric acid, turbidity and zeta potential of the mixtures were investigated. To improve the stability of metastable vesicles, appropriate additives were examined by measuring particle size and zeta potential, visual observation and transmission electron microscopy. The turbidity increased and the absolute value of zeta potential decreased with increasing citric acid concentration in C12‐GLG‐C12/citric acid solutions. Then, a metastable γ region having vesicles was formed. The stability of vesicles increased with increasing cholesterol concentrations. This result suggests that a coacervation has occurred due to the effective cross‐sectional area decreasing with increasing C12‐GLG‐C12 hydrophobicity, which was derived from inhibition of the carboxyl group dissociation. Furthermore, we hypothesized that the orientation of cholesterol between vesicle membranes is a contributing factor to improve the vesicle stability. From transmission electron microscopic observations, it was made clear that the vesicles consisting of cholesterol and C12‐GLG‐C12 at a molar ratio of 2:1 showed multilayered structures. The vesicles consisting of C12‐GLG‐C12, cholesterol and citric acid are expected to be used as transdermal drug delivery system carriers, as they can be easily prepared using biocompatible compounds without the use of organic solvents such as chloroform.
The Possibilities of Global Migration Law
Authors: Spiro Peter J.
Published: April 2017

When I started teaching international law more than twenty years ago, it was
still possible to be an international law generalist. In the U.S. legal academy,
the likes of Henkin, Schachter, Franck, and McDougal covered the full range of
public international law subjects. (Some even managed to stay on top of private
international law, too.) Today, being an international law generalist is
impractical; it's simply too difficult to keep current with the breadth
of international law. From the scholar's perspective, it's a case
of “be careful what you wish for.” A generalist international law
orientation used to be possible because there was so little of it, both on the
ground and in the scholarship. Those mid-century saplings—the various
distinctive fields within international law—have grown to mature oaks,
and expert knowledge of their many crevices and branches is beyond the capacity
of any single observer. Not only does international law defy individual mastery,
but the level of specialization now makes it difficult to talk across these
different areas. My colleague in international criminal law might as well be a
domestic family law person for purposes of professional points of connection. We
both attend the ASIL Annual Meeting, but we no longer really speak the same
language.
Moving Beyond the Refugee Law Paradigm
Authors: Ramji-Nogales Jaya
Published: April 2017

Refugees dominate contemporary headlines. The migration “emergencies” at the southern U.S. border and the southern
borders of the European Union, as well as the “crisis” in the Bay
of Bengal, have drawn global attention to the dire inadequacies of the
international refugee regime, even as extended through various principles of
non-refoulement, in governing modern migration flows. Political
responses to these mass movements, from the Brexit vote to the election of
Donald Trump and his executive order halting the refugee resettlement process in
the United States, have threatened the viability of refugee law's
protections. At the policy level, numerous high-level stakeholders have convened
in different constellations, through the United
Nationsand other
bodies; manycommentatorsagree
that these meetings have accomplished little thus far in terms of law
reform. The refugee law paradigm consumes so much space in the
imagination of international lawyers and policymakers that it is hard even to
begin to conceptualize an alternate approach to global migration law. The fear
of losing even the narrow ground staked out to protect refugees stiffens the
resistance to change. Proposals for reform tend to follow the tired old path of
suggesting ways in which the refugee definition can be expanded to include new
groups of migrants (ranging from climate change refugees to anyone fleeing
serious human rights abuses) rather than critically evaluating the structure of
global migration law more broadly.
Quantitative predictions of cavitation presence and erosion-prone locations in a high-pressure cavitation test rig
Authors: Koukouvinis Phoevos , Mitroglou Nicholas , Gavaises Manolis , Lorenzi Massimo , Santini Maurizio
Published: April 2017

Experiments and numerical simulations of cavitating flow inside a single-orifice nozzle are presented. The orifice is part of a closed flow circuit, with diesel fuel as the working fluid, designed to replicate the main flow pattern observed in high-pressure diesel injector nozzles. The focus of the present investigation is on cavitation structures appearing inside the orifice, their interaction with turbulence and the induced material erosion. Experimental investigations include high-speed shadowgraphy visualization, X-ray micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) of time-averaged volumetric cavitation distribution inside the orifice as well as pressure and flow rate measurements. The highly transient flow features that are taking place, such as cavity shedding, collapse and vortex cavitation (also known as ‘string cavitation’), have become evident from high-speed images. Additionally, micro-CT enabled the reconstruction of the orifice surface, which provided locations of cavitation erosion sites developed after sufficient operation time. The measurements are used to validate the presented numerical model, which is based on the numerical solution of the Navier–Stokes equation, taking into account compressibility of both the liquid and liquid–vapour mixture. Phase change is accounted for with a newly developed mass transfer rate model, capable of accurately predicting the collapse of vaporous structures. Turbulence is modelled using detached eddy simulation and unsteady features such as cavitating vortices and cavity shedding are observed and discussed. The numerical results show agreement within validation uncertainty with the obtained measurements.