bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of patient-centered outcomes (PROs) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): a multicenter survey preceding a cross-disciplinary (functional) consensus
Authors: Yan Xiaohan , Qiao Yuqi , Tong Jinglu , Mao Ren , Liang Jie , Lv Cuicui , Chen Yueying , Wang Yiyan , Shen Jun ,   the Young Investigators for the study of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (YIIBD)
Published: July 2020

Background

With a shift in the healthcare paradigm towards a more patient-centered approach, data on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) needs to be further explored. This study aimed to determine patient perspectives on the effect of IBD and features of patients with lower satisfaction level and compare patient and physician perception of IBD-related Quality of Care (QoC).

Methods

A previously developed pre-standardised set of questions regarding patient-centered outcome (PRO) measures for IBD, comprising 36 items, was administered in five centers, and a concomitant questionnaire for specialised physicians was adapted and administered.

Results

Overall, 1005 patients with IBD met the inclusion criteria. Sixty-five questionnaires were administered to specialised physicians. Both patients and physicians perceived the IBD-related QoC as being satisfactory. Furthermore, this study revealed areas of shortcomings where it comes to patient perceptions. Female sex and the presence of negatively impacting disease characteristics (presence of significant pain or discomfort, lack of energy, feeling fatigued most of the time, experiencing anxiety or depression in the last 2 weeks) were associated with lower satisfaction levels.

Conclusions

Our findings can be used in establishing strategies aimed at improving patient QoC and defining strategic priorities. These data can aid in improving the communication of the pressing needs of IBD patients, to both the public payers and health authorities.
The physical activity paradox revisited: a prospective study on compositional accelerometer data and long-term sickness absence
Authors: Gupta Nidhi , Dencker-Larsen Sofie , Lund Rasmussen Charlotte , McGregor Duncan , Rasmussen Charlotte Diana Nørregaard , Thorsen Sannie Vester , Jørgensen Marie Birk , Chastin Sebastien , Holtermann Andreas
Published: July 2020

Background

The ‘physical activity paradox’ advocates that leisure physical activity (PA) promotes health while high occupational PA impairs health. However, this paradox can be explained by methodological limitations of the previous studies—self-reported PA measures, insufficient adjustment for socioeconomic confounding or not addressing the compositional nature of PA. Therefore, this study investigated if we still observe the PA paradox in relation to long-term sick absence (LTSA) after adjusting for the abovementioned limitations.

Methods

Time spent on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and remaining physical behaviors (sedentary behavior, standing, light PA and time in bed) at work and in leisure was measured for 929 workers using thigh accelerometry and expressed as isometric log-ratios (ilrs). LTSA was register-based first event of ≥6 consecutive weeks of sickness absence during 4-year follow-up. The association between ilrs and LTSA was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for remaining physical behaviors and potential confounders, then separately adjusting for and stratifying by education and type of work.

Results

During the follow-up, 21% of the workers experienced LTSA. In leisure, more relative MVPA time was negatively associated with LTSA (20% lower risk with 20 min more MVPA, p = 0.02). At work, more relative MVPA time was positively associated with LTSA (15% higher risk with 20 min more MVPA, p = 0.02). Results remained unchanged when further adjusted for or stratified by education and type of work.

Conclusion

These findings provide further support to the ‘PA paradox’.
The most influential papers in mitral valve surgery; a bibliometric analysis
Authors: Allen N. , O’Sullivan K. , Jones J. M.
Published: July 2020

This study is an analysis of the 100 most cited articles in mitral valve surgery. A bibliometric analysis is a tool to evaluate research performance in a given field. It uses the number of times a publication is cited by others as a proxy marker of its impact. The most cited paper Carpentier et al. discusses mitral valve repair in terms of restoring the geometry of the entire valve rather than simply narrowing the annulus (Carpentier, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 86:23–37, 1983). The first successful mitral valve repair was performed by Elliot Cutler at Brigham and Women’s Hospital in 1923 (Cohn et al., Ann Cardiothorac Surg 4:315, 2015). More recently percutaneous and minimally invasive techniques that were originally designed as an option for high risk patients are being trialled in other patient groups (Hajar, Heart Views 19:160–3, 2018). Comparison of percutaneous method with open repair represents an expanding area of research (Hajar, Heart Views 19:160–3, 2018). This study will analyse the top 100 cited papers relevant to mitral valve surgery, identifying the most influential papers that guide current management, the institutions that produce them and the authors involved.
Impact of meteorological factors on the occurrence of acute aortic dissection in Fujian Province, China: a single-center seven-year retrospective study
Authors: Luo Zeng-Rong , Yu Ling-Li , Huang Shu-Ting , Chen Liang-Wan , Chen Qiang
Published: July 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between meteorological factors and the occurrence of acute aortic dissection (AAD) in Fujian Province, China.

Methods

The clinical data of 2004 patients diagnosed with AAD in our hospital and the relevant local meteorological data from January 2013 to November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The incidence of AAD had a clear tendency toward concentration, and the corresponding peak in terms of the occurrence date was from January 13 to 14. The average minimum temperature, the average maximum temperature, and the average daily temperature differences on the “day with AAD” were significantly lower than those on the “day without AAD”. From 5 days to 3 days before AAD onset, the average daily temperature difference showed a downward trend, but statistical analysis showed that the average minimum, average maximum and average daily temperature differences were not significantly different from the values 5 days to 0 days before AAD onset.

Conclusions

The incidence of AAD is related to the season and month. The lowest average temperature may increase the incidence of AAD in patients with complicated cardiovascular diseases.
Potassium channel KCN11 is required for maintaining cellular osmolarity during nitrogen starvation to control proper cell physiology and TAG accumulation in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii
Authors: Xu Feifei , Pan Junmin
Published: July 2020

Background

Nitrogen (N) starvation in algae induces a variety of structural and metabolic changes including accumulation of triacylglycerol (TAG). Given the promising prospect of using algae as feedstock for biofuel production, accumulation of TAG upon N starvation becomes an ideal system to study TAG biosynthesis. Under nitrogen-depleted conditions, algae also accumulate compatible solutes such as sugar and certain amino acids, which is expected to elevate osmolarity in the cytoplasm. However, how osmoregulation is maintained and how it impacts on carbon metabolism, especially TAG accumulation under N starvation, are not well understood.

Results

We show here that potassium channel KCN11 localized in the contractile vacuole (CV) mediates osmoregulation during N starvation and loss of KCN11 profoundly affects cell physiology and TAG biosynthesis. KCN11 level is increased and the CV pulsation is accelerated. Loss of KCN11 induces aberrant CV cycle, inhibition of cell growth, increase of cell size, inhibition of chlorophyll loss and TAG accumulation. These effects are rescued by addition of sucrose to raise osmolarity in the culture medium, indicating that osmoregulation is required for cell adaptation to N starvation. Metabolomic analysis shows reduction of acetyl-CoA and accumulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate inkcn11mutant relative to the control under N starvation, indicating that defects in acetyl-CoA biosynthesis and some metabolic steps from glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate to TAG contribute to the decreased TAG accumulation due to loss of osmoregulation.

Conclusions

This work provides novel insight of osmoregulation during N starvation in the control of cell physiology and metabolism especially TAG accumulation. According to these findings, we propose that osmolarity should be carefully monitored during the industrial production of biodiesel.
Prevalence and genetic diversity of Echinorhynchus gymnocyprii (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) in schizothoracine fishes (Cyprinidae: Schizothoracinae) in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China
Authors: Lei Meng-Tong , Cai Jin-Zhong , Li Chun-Hua , Fu Yong , Sun Jian , Ma Dou-Dou , Li Yao-Peng , Zhang Yan-Ming
Published: July 2020

Background

The schizothoracine fishes, an excellent model for several studies, is a dominant fish group of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). However, species populations have rapidly declined due to various factors, and infection with Echinorhynchus gymnocyprii is cited as a possible factor. In the present study, the molecular characteristics of E. gymnocyprii in four species of schizothoracine fishes from the QTP were explored.

Methods

We investigated the infection status of E. gymnocyprii in 156 schizothoracine fishes from the upper Yangtze River, upper Yellow River, and Qinghai Lake in Qinghai Province, China. The complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and part of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) gene of 35 E. gymnocyprii isolates from these fishes were sequenced and their characteristics analyzed. In addition, we inferred phylogenetic relationships of the E. gymnocyprii populations based on the rRNA-ITS and cox1 sequences.

Results

The total prevalence of E. gymnocyprii in schizothoracine fishes was 57.69% (90/156). However, the prevalence among different species as well as that across the geographical locations of the schizothoracine fishes was significantly different. The results of sequence analysis showed that the four E. gymnocyprii populations from different hosts and regions of Qinghai Province were conspecific, exhibiting rich genetic diversity. Phylogenetic analysis based on rRNA-ITS and cox1 sequences supported the coalescence of branches within E. gymnocyprii; the cox1 gene of E. gymnocyprii populations inferred some geographical associations with water systems. In addition, three species of schizothoracine fishes were recorded as new definitive hosts for E. gymnocyprii.

Conclusions

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first molecular description of E. gymnocyprii populations in schizothoracine fishes from the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau that provides basic data for epidemiological surveillance and control of acanthocephaliasis to protect endemic fish stocks.
MALDI-TOF MS: optimization for future uses in entomological surveillance and identification of mosquitoes from New Caledonia
Authors: Rakotonirina Antsa , Pol Morgane , Kainiu Malia , Barsac Emilie , Tutagata Jordan , Kilama Sosiasi , O’Connor Olivia , Tarantola Arnaud , Colot Julien , Dupont-Rouzeyrol Myrielle , Richard Vincent , Pocquet Nicolas
Published: July 2020

Background

Mosquito vectors cause a significant human public health burden through the transmission of pathogens. Due to the expansion of international travel and trade, the dispersal of these mosquito vectors and the pathogens they carry is on the rise. Entomological surveillance is therefore required which relies on accurate mosquito species identification. This study aimed to optimize the use of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for mosquito identification.

Methods

Aedes aegypti of the Bora-Bora strain and 11 field-sampled mosquito species were used in this study. Analyses were performed to study the impact of the trapping duration on mosquito identification with MALDI-TOF MS. The best preservation methods to use for short, medium and long-term preservation before MALDI-TOF MS analysis were also assessed. In addition, the number of specimens per species required for MALDI-TOF MS database creation was determined. The first MALDI-TOF database of New Caledonian mosquitoes was assembled and the optimal threshold for mosquito species identification according to the sensitivity and specificity of this technique was determined.

Results

This study showed that the identification scores decreased as the trapping duration increased. High identification scores were obtained for mosquitoes preserved on silica gel and cotton at room temperature and those frozen at − 20 °C, even after two months of preservation. In addition, the results showed that the scores increased according to the number of main spectrum patterns (MSPs) used until they reached a plateau at 5 MSPs for Ae. aegypti. Mosquitoes (n = 67) belonging to 11 species were used to create the MALDI-TOF reference database. During blind test analysis, 96% of mosquitoes tested (n = 224) were correctly identified. Finally, based on MALDI-TOF MS sensitivity and specificity, the threshold value of 1.8 was retained for a secure identification score.

Conclusions

MALDI-TOF MS allows accurate species identification with high sensitivity and specificity and is a promising tool in public health for mosquito vector surveillance.
Identifying the fitness costs of a pyrethroid-resistant genotype in the major arboviral vector Aedes aegypti
Authors: Rigby Lisa M. , Rašić Gordana , Peatey Christopher L. , Hugo Leon E. , Beebe Nigel W. , Devine Gregor J.
Published: July 2020

Background

Effective vector control measures are essential in a world where many mosquito-borne diseases have no vaccines or drug therapies available. Insecticidal tools remain the mainstay of most vector-borne disease management programmes, although their use for both agricultural and public health purposes has resulted in selection for resistance. Despite this, little is known about the fitness costs associated with specific insecticide-resistant genotypes and their implications for the management of resistance. In Aedes aegypti, the primary vector of dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, the best-characterised resistance mechanisms are single-point mutations that protect the voltage-gated sodium channel from the action of pyrethroids.

Methods

We evaluated the fitness cost of two co-occurring, homozygous mutations (V1016G and S989P) by back-crossing a resistant strain of A. aegypti from Timor-Leste into a fully susceptible strain from Queensland. The creation of the backcross strain allowed us to isolate these kdr mutations in an otherwise susceptible genetic background.

Results

In comparison to the susceptible strain, the backcrossed colony exhibited longer larval development times (5 days, P < 0.001), 24% fewer mosquitoes reached the adult stage (P = 0.005), had smaller wing lengths (females, P = 0.019 and males, P = 0.007) and adult female mosquitoes had a shorter average lifespan (6 days, P < 0.0006).

Conclusions

These results suggest specific and significant fitness costs associated with the double homozygous V1016G/S989P genotype in the absence of insecticides. The susceptibility of a population may recover if the fitness costs of resistant genotypes can be emphasised through the use of insecticide rotations and mosaics or the presence of untreated spatial or temporal refuges.
Teamwork for smoking cessation: which smoker was willing to engage their partner? Results from a cross-sectional study
Authors: Nagawa Catherine S. , Emidio Oluwabunmi M. , Lapane Kate L. , Houston Thomas K. , Barton Bruce A. , Faro Jamie M. , Blok Amanda C. , Orvek Elizabeth A. , Cutrona Sarah L. , Smith Bridget M. , Allison Jeroan J. , Sadasivam Rajani S.
Published: July 2020

Objective

Smokers are greatly influenced by those living with them, but strategies that increase partner support for smoking cessation are lacking. Using a cross-sectional study design, we explored factors associated with willingness to engage a partner in smoking cessation in smokers registered on a web-assisted tobacco intervention trial.

Results

Study participants (n = 983) were recruited between July 2018 and March 2019. About 28% of smokers were willing to engage their partner in cessation efforts. The odds of willingness to engage a partner were more than two-fold for smokers reporting presence of other smokers in the immediate family (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51–3.15 for 1–3 smokers; aOR, 3.12; 95% CI 1.95–4.98 for ≥ 4 smokers) compared to those with no smokers in the immediate family. Women had lower odds of willingness to engage (aOR; 0.82; 95% CI 0.58–1.16) than men, but this was not statistically significant. Use of e-cigarettes and visitation to a smoking cessation website prior to the intervention were both positively associated with willingness to engage partners in cessation. Future research should assess whether interventions tailored to smokers willing to engage partners or spouses could increase effectiveness of partner support during cessation.
The functions and mechanisms of prefoldin complex and prefoldin-subunits
Authors: Liang Jiaxin , Xia Longzheng , Oyang Linda , Lin Jinguan , Tan Shiming , Yi Pin , Han Yaqian , Luo Xia , Wang Hui , Tang Lu , Pan Qing , Tian Yutong , Rao Shan , Su Min , Shi Yingrui , Cao Deliang , Zhou Yujuan , Liao Qianjin
Published: July 2020

The correct folding is a key process for a protein to acquire its functional structure and conformation. Prefoldin is a well-known chaperone protein that regulates the correct folding of proteins. Prefoldin plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of common neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and Huntington’s disease). The important role of prefoldin in emerging fields (such as nanoparticles, biomaterials) and tumors has attracted widespread attention. Also, each of the prefoldin subunits has different and independent functions from the prefoldin complex. It has abnormal expression in different tumors and plays an important role in tumorigenesis and development, especially c-Myc binding protein MM-1. MM-1 can inhibit the activity of c-Myc through various mechanisms to regulate tumor growth. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of the complex functions of prefoldin and their subunits is helpful to understand the mechanisms of protein misfolding and the pathogenesis of diseases caused by misfolded aggregation.
A synchronous papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma presenting as a large toxic nodule in a female adolescent
Authors: Van Vlaenderen Joke , Logghe Karl , Schiettecatte Eva , Vermeersch Hubert , Huvenne Wouter , De Waele Kathleen , Van Beveren Hanne , Van Dorpe Jo , Creytens David , De Schepper Jean
Published: July 2020

Case presentation

We report for the first time a synchronous papillary and follicular thyroid carcinoma in a 12-year-old girl presenting with a large (5 cm diameter) left thyroid nodule, an increased left and right upper pole technetium tracer uptake at scintigraphy and hyperthyroidism. The uptake at the right lobe was explained by the crossing of the left nodule to the right site of the neck at Computed Tomography (CT) scanning.

Background

Although thyroid nodules are less common in children than in adults, there is more vigilance required in children because of the higher risk of malignancy. According to literature, about 5% of the thyroid nodules in adults are malignant versus 20–26% in children. The characteristics of 9 other pediatric cases with a differentiated thyroid carcinoma presenting with a toxic nodule, which have been reported during the last 20 years, are summarized. A nodular size of more than 3.5 cm and female predominance was a common finding.

Conclusions

The presence of hyperthyroidism in association with a hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule does not rule out thyroid cancer and warrants careful evaluation, even in the absence of cervical lymph node invasion.
A critical review of diet-related surveys in England, 1970-2018
Authors: Campbell Monique , Smith Dianna , Baird Janis , Vogel Christina , Moon Emeritus Graham
Published: July 2020

Background

Many diet-related surveys have been conducted in England over the past four to five decades. Yet, diet-related ill-health is estimated to cost the NHS £5.8 billion annually. There has been no recent assessment of the diet-related surveys currently available in England. This paper aims to fill this gap in the literature by providing researchers, especially those interested in conducting secondary (quantitative) research on diet, with a detailed overview of the major repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal surveys conducted in England over the last 48 years (1970–2018).

Method

A three-stage review process was used to identify and assess surveys and synthesise the information necessary for achieving the paper’s aim. Surveys were identified using the UK Data Service, Cohort and Longitudinal Studies Enhancement Resources (CLOSER), the Medical Research Council (MRC) Cohort Directory and the Consumer Data Research Centre (CDRC) online data repositories/directories. Surveys were summarised to include a brief background, the survey design and methodology used, variables captured, the target population, level of geography covered, the type of dietary assessment method(s) used, primary data users, data accessibility, availability and costs, as well as key survey features and considerations.

Results

The key considerations identified across the various surveys following the review include: the overall survey design and the different dietary assessment method(s) used in each survey; methodological changes and general inconsistencies in the type and quantity of diet-related questions posed across and within surveys over time; and differences in the level of geography and target groups captured.

Conclusion

It is highly unlikely that any survey dataset will meet all the needs of researchers. Nevertheless, researchers are encouraged to make good use of the secondary data currently available, in order to conduct the research necessary for the creation of more evidence-based diet-related policies and interventions in England. The review process used in this paper is one that can be easily replicated and one which future studies can use to update and expand upon to assist researchers in identifying the survey(s) most aligned to their research questions.
Comparative efficacy of treatments for patients with knee osteoarthritis: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Li Bingtong , Zhang Yuzheng , Bi Liqi
Published: July 2020

Background

Knee osteoarthritis is a common cause of musculoskeletal pain and a leading cause of disability and healthcare economic burden. The optimum treatment for knee osteoarthritis is still inconclusive. A network meta-analysis is required to assess the efficacy and safety of treatments and provide more scientific medical evidence.

Methods

Relevant studies were searched through PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library electronic databases from the inception to October 2018. Continuous outcomes such as pain, stiffness, physical function and total scores were expressed as the mean differences with 95% credible interval. Surface under the cumulative ranking curve illustrated the rank probability of each therapy under different outcomes.

Results

Nineteen studies were included in this study, with a total of 2395 patients. For knee pain, platelet-rich plasma (0.691) was ranked at the first place, followed by hyaluronic acid combined with platelet-rich plasma (0.670) and hyaluronic acid (0.402). In terms of stiffness, hyaluronic acid combined with platelet-rich plasma (0.743) enjoyed the highest value, platelet-rich plasma (0.603) was the next and hyaluronic acid (0.386) was the third. As for physical function, the rank was hyaluronic acid combined with platelet-rich plasma (0.772), platelet-rich plasma (0.608) and hyaluronic acid (0.343). For total scores, the order given by surface under the cumulative ranking was hyaluronic acid combined with platelet-rich plasma (0.765), platelet-rich plasma (0.624) and hyaluronic acid (0.37).

Conclusions

Hyaluronic acid combined with platelet-rich plasma showed the best efficacy in improving stiffness, physical function, and total scores, while platelet-rich plasma appeared the best in terms of pain reduction.
The hierarchical structure of fear of personal death: from the general factor to specific forms
Authors: Jastrzębski Jarosław , Rogoza Radosław , Ślaski Sławomir
Published: July 2020

Purpose

In the present study, we aimed to integrate unidimensional and multidimensional perspectives of the construct of the fear of personal death (FOPD). It has been assumed that (a) there is one general factor of FOPD, reflecting the unidimensional perspective and that (b) FOPD assumes a hierarchical structure reflecting the multidimensional perspective.

Methods

We administered the Death and Dying Anxiety Inventory (FVTS, Ochsmann, 1993) to 1217 Polish participants (602 women and 615 men) aged between 18 and 89 (MAge = 31.13; SDAge = 12.65).

Results

The results of the bi-factor model of the confirmatory factor analysis proved the existence of a FOPD general factor. Using the bass-ackwards approach, we provided evidence on the hierarchical structure of FOPD, which stresses that specific types of FOPD distinguished in the FVTS, which, on a higher level, make up the factors of threats to self-fulfilling existence, threats to well-being and threats of physical destruction, which in turn depend on the subject’s perspective: the physical self and/or the symbolic self.

Conclusion

The current study demonstrates that unidimensional and multidimensional approaches to FOPD do not necessarily exclude one another. The unidimensional approach to FOPD seems to be most appropriate for studying the intensity of FOPD, while the multidimensional approach seems to be more suitable for studying the individual differences in how people give meaning to FOPD.
Assessment of coexisting psychosis and substance misuse: complexities, challenges and causality
Authors: Nathan Rajan , Lewis Emily
Published: July 2020

Substance misuse worsens the prognosis for people suffering psychosis and places them at risk of being denied appropriate mental health service interventions. To increase the chances of its success, the plan of management for patients with coexisting psychosis and substance misuse should be based on a valid formulation of their problems, which in turn is dependent on the clinician having (a) a thorough understanding of the bidirectional and changing ways that substance use and mental illness symptoms can interact, (b) an awareness of their own biased implicit assumptions about causality in explaining these interactions and (c) a framework for assessment and formulation. This article addresses these three areas with reference to the evidence base and to clinical experience in a way that guides mental health clinicians in the assessment of patients with coexisting psychosis and substance misuse.
Reimagining Royal Domesticity
Authors: Pourtavaf Leila
Published: July 2020

This article explores the social composition of the women’s quarter of Nasir al-Din Shah’s court, variously referred to as his harem or andarun, during his reign (1848–96). The article offers a brief sketch of the complex structure of this institution and some of the key figures who made up its residents, at various points estimated to be between seven hundred and two thousand wives and female relatives, as well as different classes of employees. While this institution was at once highly elite and hierarchically organized, the kinds of social, affective, and political power that circulated in it, and the multiplicity of bodies that came into contact inside its physical boundaries, mark it as a historically specific and unique social place—one that stood in a liminal temporal and physical space—at the crux of Iran’s engagements with modernization and in the very city center of Tehran.
In silico study on RNA structures of intronic mutations of beta-globin gene
Authors: Sumantri Nur Imaniati , Lischer Kenny , Wijayanti Dian Rachma , Abuzairi Tomy
Published: July 2020

Background: Mutation of the beta-globin gene (HBB) interferes with primary mRNA transcription, leading to beta-thalassemia disease. The IVS1nt1 and IVS1nt5 mutations were reported as two of the most prevalent intronic mutations associated with beta-thalassemia major. These mutations may affect the mRNA structure of the human beta-globin (HBB) gene. However, the mechanism by which variation in HBB alters the mRNA structure remains unclear. The objective of this study was to unveil the secondary and tertiary conformation difference of the mutants compared to the wildtype using in silico analysis.

Methods: The sequence of HBB was obtained from Ensemble database and mutated manually at nucleotides 143 (IVS1nt1G>T) and 147 (IVS1nt5G>C). The RNA secondary and tertiary structure were performed by ViennaRNA Web Services and RNA Composer, respectively.

Results and Discussion: The results revealed the unique folding characteristics of each mutations for the secondary and tertiary structures. Based on the structure, unwanted folding occurred in the IVS1nt1G>T and IVS1nt5G>C mRNA structures compared to the wild-type structure. This finding was supported by the results of centroid-based analysis and RNA structure analysis, indicating that the larger loops in IVS1nt1 and IVS1nt5 result in an unstable structure. Our study found that intronic mutations affect the mRNA structure of HBB by altering its folding mechanism.
O trânsito urbano e os fatores estressantes percebidos por motoristas de ônibus: estudo fenomenológico
Authors: Alcantara Vanessa Carine Gil de , Silva Rose Mary Rosa Costa Andrade , Pereira Eliane Ramos , Silva Dejanilton Melo da , Flores Isadora Pinto
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: discutir as vivências dos motoristas de ônibus através de suas percepções acerca do trânsito e os impactos à saúde sofridos por eles.  Método: estudo qualitativo fenomenológico realizado em uma garagem de ônibus situada no Rio de Janeiro. As entrevistas fenomenológicas foram realizadas com 24 motoristas que responderam perguntas semiestruturadas e foram gravadas em dispositivo mp3, posteriormente, transcritas para obtenção das unidades de significado, a coleta de dados ocorreu entre 2017 e 2018. O projeto foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética e Pesquisa. Resultados: da análise fenomenológica das unidades de significados dos depoimentos emergiram duas categorias: o trânsito é instável e estressante e a falta de educação das pessoas afeta os aspectos psíquicos. O ambiente de trabalho determina, expressivamente, o bem-estar dos trabalhadores que nele atuam. Conclusão: diante de tantos limites impostos pela sociedade contemporânea e pelo sofrimento no trabalho, necessário é motiva-los, e também dar-lhes condições de realizar seu trabalho de forma plena.
Precise Selection and Visualization of Maize Kernels Based on Electromagnetic Vibration and Deep Learning
Authors: Zhao Chengshun , Quan Longzhe , Li Hailong , Liu Ruiqi , Wang Jianyu , Feng Huaiqu , Wang Qi , Sin Kwanggyun
Published: July 2020

Abstract.

With the development of precision agriculture, the selection of maize kernels has gained more importance in scientific research and practical significance in agricultural production. In this study, the deep learning technology of machine vision was used to select maize kernels, solving the problems of previous maize kernel selection for specific sorting problems, the cumbersome process of artificial feature modeling, the problem of a small number of features, and the challenge of limited data. First, the maximum size of a model based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) that could run under finite hardware conditions was determined by experiments. Four different network models (Faster R-CNN, Model 1.0, Model 2.0, and Model 3.0) were then designed and trained using a data set of maize kernels. Finally, the accuracy of the models was verified by comparison test, and the detection results of the models were analyzed according to their precision, recall, FPR, F1, precision-recall curve, average precision (AP), mean average precision (mAP), and detection speed. The results show that for the validation set not used for training, Model 1.0 had the highest average recall rate of 98.42% among the four models. Without taking into account the identification of the removed kernels, only excellent maize kernels were identified, and the mAP of Model 1.0 was as high as 97.27%. Moreover, Model 1.0 requires less computer resources, and its computer hardware requirement is lower. The precision, recall, and F1 value of Model 2.0 were increased by 3.73%, 3.55%, and 3.79%, respectively, and the false positive rate of Model 2.0 was reduced by 1.31% on average compared with the Faster R-CNN model. By comparing Model 1.0, Model 2.0, and Model 3.0, it was found that the overall performance of Model 2.0 was best. The size of the network model has an effect on the accurate selection of maize kernels, and a moderate-size model is the best. This study laid a good foundation for the further application of deep learning technology in the real-time sorting of maize kernels and additional applications in the field of agriculture. Keywords: Convolutional neural networks, Deep learning, Maize kernel, Selection, Visualization.
Effect of Sieve Unit Inclination Angle in a Rotary Cleaning Device for Barley Grain
Authors: Krzysiak Zbigniew , Samociuk Waldemar , Zarajczyk Janusz , Beer-Lech Karolina , Bartnik Grzegorz , Kaliniewicz Zdzislaw , Dziki Dariusz
Published: July 2020

Highlights

Cleaning cereal grain after harvest is very important for the quality of the product.

Technological progress enables the design of new equipment for cleaning cereal grain.

Grain segregation allows selecting the best grain to increase yields.

The quality of segregation depends on the technological parameters of the device.

Abstract.
This article presents the results of laboratory tests of a new rotary cleaning device used for the separation and cleaning of barley grain. This device has the characteristics of a multi-stage screen assisted by an air stream (i.e., pneumo-separation). The prototype was constructed at the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland. The tests were conducted on a test stand, which allowed changes in the operating parameters of the cleaning device and their measurement. The tests included determining the influence of the sieve drum inclination angle (a) on the effectiveness and efficiency of barley grain cleaning. The tests were carried out using two drum rotational speeds: 5 rpm and 75 rpm. The quality of the separation and cleaning of barley grain was evaluated using six cleaning process parameters: plump grain separation coefficient (Spg), fine grain separation coefficient (Sfg), fine impurities separation coefficient (Sfi), chaff separation coefficient (Sch), total coefficient of cleaning effectiveness (E), and plump grain cleaning efficiency (qpg). The results showed significant effects of the sieve drum inclination angle on the efficiency and effectiveness of barley grain cleaning. Keywords: Barley grain, Conical sieve, Grain separation, Rotary cleaning device.
Multi-periscopic prism device for field expansion
Authors: Peli Eli , Vargas-Martin Fernando , Kurukuti Nish Mohith , Jung Jae-Hyun
Published: July 2020

Patients with visual field loss frequently collide with other pedestrians, with the highest risk being from pedestrians at a bearing angle of 45°. Current prismatic field expansion devices (≈30°) cannot cover pedestrians posing the highest risk and are limited by poor image quality and restricted eye scanning range (<5°). A new field expansion device: multi-periscopic prism (MPP); comprising a cascade of half-penta prisms provides wider shifting power (45°) with dramatically better image quality and wider eye scanning range (15°) is presented. Spectacles-mounted MPPs were implemented using 3D printing. The efficacy of the MPP is demonstrated using perimetry, photographic depiction, and analyses of the collision risk covered by the devices.
50 GBd PAM4 transmitter with a 55nm SiGe BiCMOS driver and silicon photonic segmented MZM
Authors: Breyne Laurens , Ramon Hannes , Van Gasse Kasper , Verplaetse Michiel , Lambrecht Joris , Vanhoecke Michael , Van Campenhout Joris , Roelkens Günther , Ossieur Peter , Yin Xin , Bauwelinck Johan
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate an optical transmitter consisting of a limiting SiGe BiCMOS driver co-designed and co-packaged with a silicon photonic segmented traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). The MZM is split into two traveling-wave segments to increase the bandwidth and to allow a 2-bit DAC functionality. Two limiting driver channels are used to drive these segments, allowing both NRZ and PAM4 signal generation in the optical domain. The voltage swing as well as the peaking of the driver output are tunable, hence the PAM4 signal levels can be tuned and possible bandwidth limitations of the MZM segments can be partially alleviated. Generation of 50 Gbaud and 53 Gbaud PAM4 yields a TDECQ of 2.8 and 3.8 dB with a power efficiency of 3.9 and 3.6 pJ/bit, respectively; this is the best reported efficiency for co-packaged silicon transmitters for short-reach datacenter interconnects at these data rates. With this work, we show the potential of limiting drivers and segmented traveling-wave modulators in 400G capable short-reach optical interconnects.
Femtosecond Bragg grating inscription in an Yb-doped large-mode-area multicore fiber for high-power laser applications
Authors: Alon Yair , Halstuch Aviran , Sidharthan Raghuraman , Yoo Seongwoo , Ishaaya Amiel A.
Published: July 2020

We demonstrate a direct inscription of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) in the active cores of an Yb-doped large mode area multicore fiber (MCF). An ultrashort pulsed laser is used to inscribe the FBG simultaneously in all six cores. In order to validate the FBG reflection and uniformity, the FBG is incorporated as a rear mirror in a fiber laser oscillator setup. The MCF, which has been fabricated in-house, has six cores located in a hexagonal-ring shape, each with a 19 µm diameter and an NA of

∼

0.067

. A reflection of

∼

96

%

was measured at a center Bragg wavelength of

∼

1062

n
m

for the inscribed FBG. The laser performance of the MCF with the femtosecond inscribed FBG at its end shows a similar performance to lasing with a free-space commercial volume Bragg grating as the rear-reflector. A slope efficiency of

∼

72.4

%

and a maximum (pump limited) output power of 51.8 W have been obtained for the FBG setup. An effective

M

2

of 3.88, indicating a somewhat multimode operation and a narrow bandwidth of

∼

0.19

n
m

, has been measured for this fiber laser.
High energy mid-infrared laser pulse output from a BaGa4Se7 crystal-based optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Zhang Yongchang , Zuo Yue , Li Zhuang , Wu Bo , Yao Jiyong , Shen Yonghang
Published: July 2020

We report a high energy, narrow spectral linewidth mid-infrared laser pulse output from a

N
d

:

Y

3

A

l

5

O

12

laser-pumped

B
a
G

a

4

S

e

7

(BGSe) crystal-based optical parametric oscillator (OPO). Output pulse energy of 21.5 mJ was obtained at 3816 nm, with spectral width of 12 nm and pulse width of 11.4 ns, corresponding to peak power as high as 1.89 MW. A BGSe crystal with aperture size of

10

m
m

×

10

m
m

and length of 16 mm was applied as the nonlinear crystal in a pump fed back OPO for achieving such high pulse energy output from the simple oscillator scheme.
Artificial intelligence and the technological turn of public education privatization: In defence of democratic education
Authors: Saltman Kenneth J.
Published: July 2020

This article considers how the development of for-profit artificial intelligence (AI) technologies fosters the privatization of public education and erodes the values and practices of democratic education. The introduction situates the advent of digital technologies in the context of the structural economic and ideological shifts of the past 40 years. Such changes include neo-liberal restructuring, the repressive school and social turn, changes in the use of positivist ideology in schooling, the role of new technologies in social and cultural reproduction and changing imperatives for capital accumulation. The article illustrates different uses of AI as part of the technological turn of public education privatization. Examples include: (1) adaptive learning technology, and transformations to teacher work and conceptions of knowledge and learning; (2) biometric pedagogy and the cultural politics of locating learning in the body; and (3) the convergence of impact investing and digital surveillance technologies. The article considers how changes in the ownership and control over different aspects of public education relate to the cultural politics of knowledge and learning. It also examines how, under the guise of disinterested objectivity and neutrality, particular class and cultural ideologies and interests are promoted through new technologies, with significant pedagogical, cultural, economic and political implications. The article concludes by arguing that AI education is a site of cultural and political contestation and must be comprehended as a form of representational politics. By showing a critical pedagogical AI project, the article suggests that the anti-democratic tendencies of most AI education is hardly inevitable or determined, but rather represents a replication of long-standing ideologies.
Documentação Audiovisual de um Patrimônio Imaterial Ainda não Inventariado
Authors: Passos de Abreu Karina
Published: July 2020

Este artigo narra a experiência de documentar em formato audiovisual a resistência caiçara em Paraty/RJ. A cultura caiçara é compreendida como um patrimônio imaterial, ainda que não esteja catalogada nas bases de dados do Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (Iphan), responsável pela preservação do patrimônio material e imaterial brasileiro. Lutando contra a especulação imobiliária, restaram dois núcleos familiares na Praia Grande da Cajaíba, uma das mais isoladas da Península da Juatinga. Através de visita de campo, entrevistas e revisão bibliográfica, buscamos entender o processo de desapropriação de terras na Cajaíba. O resultado deste processo é o longa-metragem “Desterro”.
Projeto Conhecendo Itabirito
Authors: Rodrigues Silva Marcelle , Alberto Antunes do Carmo Carlos , Barbosa Ribeiro Luan
Published: July 2020

A educação patrimonial implementa ações educativas de apropriação, valorização e preservação do patrimônio cultural, servindo-se dele como fonte de (re)conhecimento e fortalecendo a identidade, consciência social e cidadania dos participantes. Ela envolve a comunidade na gestão do patrimônio, conscientizando-a a respeito da importância da conservação dos bens patrimoniais. Por sua vez, o turismo educacional tem papel importante no resgate de práticas de lazer e cultura e sensibilização dos residentes para a preservação do patrimônio cultural. O presente trabalho relata a experiência do turismo educativo aplicado a alunos do 3º ano do ensino fundamental das escolas de Itabirito – MG, por meio do estudo de caso do Projeto Conhecendo Itabirito. O projeto é uma proposta de atividade de turismo educacional, envolvendo aprendizagem não formal e interdisciplinar, composta por visitas técnicas realizadas com estudantes. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados do estudo de caso descritivo do Projeto e trazer algumas reflexões acerca das práticas pedagógicas executadas.Realizado desde 2015, o projeto é dividido em três etapas: reunião do corpo técnico e aprendizagem em sala de aula, visita técnica e distribuição de cartilha. Ele já atendeu mais de 3 mil alunos desde sua criação.Seu principal resultado é a valorização do patrimônio histórico-cultural e natural dos espaços urbanos do município, permitindo aos alunos conhecer os territórios e a história de sua cidade.
Patrimônio Cultural Imaterial
Authors: Silva Paulo Sérgio , SILVA Ana Paula da
Published: July 2020

Tendo em vista que a categoria de patrimônio cultural imaterial e o registro, como mecanismo de sua proteção, promoção e salvaguarda, são recentes na política de preservação patrimonial brasileira, este artigo analisa a trajetória do reconhecimento do patrimônio cultural imaterial no Brasil, discute as singularidades do registro, questiona a metodologia do reconhecimento dos bens definidos como patrimônio cultural imaterial pelo IPHAN e, finalmente, aborda o papel do IEPHA/MG nas práticas de identificação e promoção do patrimônio imaterial, avaliando em que sentido o controle exercido pelo instituto no repasse financeiro via ICMS – Patrimônio Cultural tem repercutido na execução de políticas públicas municipais voltadas ao patrimônio cultural imaterial no Estado de Minas Gerais.
Uma protopia para a universidade brasileira
Authors: Almeida-Filho Naomar , Souza Luis Eugenio
Published: July 2020

Numa perspectiva histórico-crítica e com base na série semântica utopia-atopia-distopia-protopia, analisa-se o projeto Future-se apresentado pelo Ministério da Educação do Brasil para a reforma das Universidades Federais. Nessa perspectiva, em primeiro lugar, propõe-se a caracterização de dois modelos distintos de Universidade, surgidos no momento de consolidação do poder político da burguesia, sendo um desses modelos utópico e o outro, atópico. Em segundo lugar, descreve-se a evolução histórica da Universidade no Brasil, até chegar à proposta do Future-se. Por fim, apresenta-se uma proposta alternativa de reforma universitária, como parte da estratégia de aglutinação de forças para resistir ao Future-se e avançar no sentido do fortalecimento da Universidade como elemento necessário ao desenvolvimento soberano, inclusivo e sustentável do país.
Cultural Political Economy and Conflicts Law – A new way to approach the Eurozone crisis
Authors: Hien Josef , Joerges Christian
Published: July 2020

The immediate effects of the Euro crisis have been tamed but the crisis has soured the relations between Southern and Northern Member states for many years to come. Comparative political economy explains the frictions between North and South as a result of different institutional configurations of national economies (Varieties of Capitalism), different interests of capital and labor coalitions (growth model perspective) or ideational traditions (ordoliberal vs dirigisme). We argue that the exclusive focus of these approaches on either, rational institutionalism, interest coalitions or economic ideas obscures that these three factors come together in a long-term evolutionary trajectory that has formed national economic cultures within the Eurozone since the 1950s. We examplify our cultural political economy approach showing empircally how the German and Italian political economies developed in different ways since the end of WWII. In the second part of our contribution we develop a conflicts law perspective offering it as a third way that can mediate between the two extreme positions of Wolfgang Streeck (back to the nation state) and Juergen Habermas (federation) in the debate on the future of the European Union. We show how the culturally grounded diversities of European capitalisms can be accommodated through a conflicts law.