bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Capítulo 8
Authors: Mateus-Tovar Raúl Francisco
Published: July 2021

El diseño de productos turísticos es una de las competencias más importantes en la formación de personas que se dedicarán a la actividad turística. Por lo tanto, se hace indispensable una formación teórica para conocer cómo diseñar un producto, pero el verdadero aprendizaje se obtiene cuando se lleva a la práctica. Este proyecto nace de la necesidad de crear (dentro de un ambiente de aprendizaje) el diseño de un producto turístico real para crearlo en el país. No se pretende solamente empaquetar productos turísticos, sino que los estudiantes encuentren atractivos y actividades potenciales en sus regiones que fortalezcan la actividad turística. Al ser un programa virtual cuenta con estudiantes de todo el país, entonces el proceso (más que un trabajo académico) puede ser una posible solución para activar diversos destinos. El proceso se construye por medio de un software diseñado por el equipo de trabajo con el Laboratorio de Experiencias de Aprendizaje Inmersivo que le permita al estudiante hacer el inventario turístico, conocer los atractivos, diseñar un producto, empaquetarlo y costearlo; para al final obtener un posible producto turístico que pueda aplicarlo en la vida real en su contexto. Y de esa manera, aportar al progreso de la industria turística en el país.
Parte 1, Capítulo 1
Authors: Arias-Velandia Nicolás , Rincón-Báez William Umar , Becerra-Plaza Giséle Eugenia , Mejía-Rodríguez Andrés Felipe , Salas-Díaz Ricardo José , Fajardo-Vásquez Henry Leonardo
Published: July 2021

En esta sección se muestran las características de los estudiantes de programas de Administración en el año 2016, incluyendo aspectos como: características de entrada de los estudiantes a estos programas y características de egreso, dentro de las que se hace especial énfasis en el dominio de la segunda lengua (Inglés); todo esto con el propósito de ilustrar las diferencias de desempeño de los estudiantes entre el inicio y finalización de programas académicos en esta área.
Parte 2, Capítulo 5
Authors: Arias-Velandia Nicolás , Rincón-Báez William Umar , Becerra-Plaza Giséle Eugenia , Mejía-Rodríguez Andrés Felipe , Salas-Díaz Ricardo José , Fajardo-Vásquez Henry Leonardo
Published: July 2021

Se realiza un análisis de los resultados del examen Saber Pro del año 2016, en distintos aspectos relacionados con las instituciones, el programa de formación y los individuos que lo presentaron y que pertenecen a las IES del capítulo Costa Caribe de ASCOLFA. El capítulo está constituido por 28 Instituciones de Educación Superior, tanto oficiales como privadas de los departamentos de Sucre, Atlántico, Bolívar, La Guajira, Magdalena y Córdoba.
Parte 2, Capítulo 7
Authors: Arias-Velandia Nicolás , Rincón-Báez William Umar , Becerra-Plaza Giséle Eugenia , Mejía-Rodríguez Andrés Felipe , Salas-Díaz Ricardo José , Fajardo-Vásquez Henry Leonardo
Published: July 2021

Se realiza un análisis de los resultados del examen Saber Pro del año 2016, en distintos aspectos relacionados con las instituciones, el programa de formación y los individuos que lo presentaron y que pertenecen a las IES del capítulo Suroccidente de ASCOLFA. Este consta de 27 instituciones miembro y 2 invitadas de los departamentos Cauca, Quindío, Nariño, Risaralda y Valle del Cauca.
Fibras para tejer la creatividad en artes escénicas con perspectivas liminales, decoloniales y ch´ixi
Authors: Sarmiento-Bonilla María Fernanda
Published: July 2021

Con la intención de tejer varias voces para la construcción de una propuesta que beba fundamentalmente de las búsquedas y apuestas realizadas en Abya Yala, entraré más en las conceptualizaciones de las teóricas y activistas que me inspiran en la argumentación de esta tesis. Así, insisto en la necesidad de profundizar el carácter pedagógico como campo que abarca, de manera ch´ixi, lo político, lo creativo y lo artístico. En este enlace existe un énfasis por poner la creatividad como una actividad fronteriza entre/con la formación y ética. Reitero la concepción de lo creativo como político y pedagógico, de lo pedagógico como creativo y político y de lo político como creativo y pedagógico.
Capítulo 3
Authors: Carrizosa-Posada Diego
Published: July 2021

A principios del siglo XX, surgió en Europa un proceso de búsqueda del hálito de lo nuevo por parte de un grupo de pintores y escultores que conformaron el vanguardismo, quienes se nutrieron del arte tribal americano, oceánico y africano, para crear un arte que estuviera concebido mediante características modernistas. Dicho proceso de búsqueda tuvo una marcada connotación de pensamiento hegemónico de superioridad cultural, mediante el cual se colonizó otras culturas y así se justificó la interpretación del pensamiento europeo como el eje central de la civilización.
Capítulo 5
Authors: Carrizosa-Posada Diego
Published: July 2021

Para ampliar sus conocimientos sobre la naturaleza de la cultura chibcha y concebir las bases de su proceso de indagación teórica y plástica sobre la representación del arte y del imaginario que comprende el universo cosmogónico de este grupo humano, Acuña consultó, entre otras fuentes, los escritos de los autores José de Acosta S. J., Miguel Triana, Vicente Restrepo, Konrad Theodor Preuss, Paul Radin, fray Pedro Simón, Guillermo Valencia y Liborio Zerda, entre otros.
Capítulo 8
Authors: Carrizosa-Posada Diego
Published: July 2021

Dentro de la descripción preiconográfica que se realiza sobre el óleo de la referencia (figura 30), que pertenece a la tendencia de temas prehispánicos del bachuísmo, se determina el asunto material tanto en lo formal como en lo expresivo, se describe lo que perciben los sentidos y se desarrollan temas como la configuración de los asuntos formales representados por medio de la composición, la luz, el color y la pincelada que emergen en los motivos artísticos.
Educar en otra dirección
Authors: Alvarado-Nando Maritza
Published: July 2021

En el contexto mundial, la calidad de la educación de los habitantes de la tierra cobra cada vez más un valor insoslayable. Vivimos un cambio vertiginoso en la gestión del conocimiento, que se encuentra vinculado al desarrollo tecnológico. El conocimiento se produce, difunde e intercambia al mismo tiempo que las tecnologías del conocimiento de una sociedad, porque estas lo conforman y determinan la naturaleza de los saberes socialmente válidos por las instituciones sociales que los gestionan (Castells, 2000).
Modelo de enseñanza-aprendizaje de educación superior por competencias
Authors: Barba-Abad Mayte , Buenfil-Mata Magdalena
Published: July 2021

El modelo tiene la finalidad de desarrollar en los estudiantes las competencias genéricas requeridas en el mercado laboral y es una al-ternativa para las instituciones de educación superior, sustentado con teorías científicas sobre el aprendizaje. Asimismo, busca responder a las necesidades de la sociedad y del sector productivo, combinando diferentes elementos para generar en los egresados las competencias demandadas en los tiempos actuales y contar con profesionistas que puedan producir los resultados esperados (Alcántara, 2007).
Preliminares
Authors: Ortegón S. Lina María , Blanco-Alvarado Carolina , Castro-Bermúdez Adriana , Fernández-Muñóz Mónica Lucía , Isler-Soto Erika , García-Rodríguez María Lourdes , Zabala-Leal Tatiana , Gual-Acosta José Manuel , Acosta-Rodríguez Joaquín Emilio
Published: July 2021

Un sinnúmero de fenómenos y acontecimientos han impulsado y siguen fomentando el desarrollo del Derecho, no solo a nivel nacional, sino también, internacional. Desde esta perspectiva, con la realización del presente “Seminario Internacional: Nuevas Tendencias del Derecho”, por parte del Programa de Derecho del Politécnico Grancolombiano, se buscó hacer una reflexión académica, desde diversas perspectivas, en torno a algunas situaciones que, en los últimos años, han llevado a nuevos repensamientos o reformas, si se quiere, desde la perspectiva jurídica.
Desafíos actuales de la economía y la sociedad digital: Perspectiva europea
Authors: García-Rodríguez Lourdes
Published: July 2021

Tengo una formación transversal e interdisciplinar y en mis clases me dedico fundamentalmente a enseñar a mis estudiantes (también muy interdisciplinares ya que tengo estudiantes de Economía, de Administración de Negocios, de Relaciones Internacionales, de Ciencia Política y Gobierno, de Desarrollos Urbanos, incluso de Derecho) a comprender nuestro mundo actual a través del análisis económico y político de nuestro entorno global al objeto de que ellos desarrollen sus habilidades y competencias de análisis y de gestión de problemas.
Preliminares
Authors: Rincón-Báez William Umar , Becerra-Plaza Giséle Eugenia , Arias-Velandia Nicolás , Durán-Becerra Esteban
Published: July 2021

El éxito de los estudiantes que se gradúan de la educación superior puede ser individual y colectivo. Es, en principio, individual, porque se trata del éxito de cada estudiante: al poder acceder a una institución de educación superior, al cursar un programa en ella, al aprender lo esperado en dicho programa, y al vincularse a un trabajo posterior en el cual poner en marcha lo aprendido y las competencias desarrolladas en la educación superior (Arias-Velandia N. , 2017).
Capítulo 5
Authors: Rincón-Báez William Umar , Becerra-Plaza Giséle Eugenia , Arias-Velandia Nicolás , Durán-Becerra Esteban
Published: July 2021

En el quinto capítulo, se aborda el tema de los Graduados en Colombia, a través de un análisis de los graduados a nivel nacional en todas las áreas de conocimiento y posteriormente, de los graduados del Área de Economía, Administración, Contaduría y afines, en cada uno de sus núcleos básicos. En él se revisarán la cantidad de graduados entre 2001 y 2017 por sector y por carácter de las Instituciones de Educación Superior (IES), metodología y departamento de oferta del programa de formación y por último el género. La información proviene de las bases de datos del Sistema Nacional de Información de la Educación Superior (SNIES) del Ministerio de Educación Nacional.
THE PROBLEM OF A LACK OF MATERIAL BEHAVIOUR DATA FOR RISK ASSESSMENT
Authors: Bondarenko I. O. , Neduzha L. O.
Published: July 2021

Purpose. The main purpose of this work is to provide theoretical support for the need to expand data on changes in the material behaviour under dynamic loads when railway track risk assessment over time due to railway track elements deformability. Methodology. For the research, an original model of railway track design described using the original method based on the ability of elastic waves to propagate energy of power pulses in space and time, as well as a model describing materials as discrete substances were used. Findings. It has been established that the properties of the material affect the deformability of the elements and the design of the railway track; the main parameter in the study of deformability processes is time; material, as a substance, consists of atoms and molecules, and therefore is not continuous; internal physical processes determine changes in the behaviour of the material of an element. Originality. It has been proposed to develop classifications of changes in the physical properties of materials according to the probability of irreversible deformations and the impossibility of deformations, as well as classifications of changes in the mechanical properties of materials according to the probability of the defect appearance and changing the material structure. Practical value. The ability to simulate analytically any physical processes occurring inside elements due to the proposed method allows combining the influence of mechanical and physical effects into a single calculation. This enables to assess the probability of appearing defects in elements under certain dynamic loads when assessing the railway track risk over time due to railway track elements deformability.
DETERMINATION OF RATIONAL PARAMETERS OF SUPPORTING STRUCTURES MADE OF SOIL-CEMENT PILES ON LANDSLIDE-PRONE SLOPES
Authors: Tiutkin O. L. , Ihnatenko D. Y.
Published: July 2021

Purpose. The article proposes a method for determining the rational parameters of supporting structures made of soil-cement piles on landslide-prone slopes. Methodology. To achieve this purpose, the authors performed comparative calculations of finite-element models of landslide-prone layered slope with the arrangement of supporting structures of soil-cement piles: vertical, located at an angle to the vertical axis, combined with a concrete grillage, without grillage, with different diameters, with different distances between piles, but of the same length, which is justified by the location determined by preliminary calculations of the sliding surface. Findings. According to the results of calculating the contact problem of the interaction of the soil mass and the supporting structure, the regularities of formation of strength and stability of the reinforced landslide-prone slope were obtained, which makes it possible to predict its geomechanical stability depending on the possible location of the sliding surface curve. The method of increasing the stability coefficient of the soil slope depending on the variation of the parameters of the soil-cement supporting pile structure is substantiated. Numerical calculations substantiate the parameters of soil-cement pile supporting structures – the length of the piles, their diameter, the distance between the piles, the angle of their inclination and the feasibility of combining the piles with a concrete grillage. Originality. For the first time, the formation regularities of strength and stability of soil-cement supporting structure for strengthening the landslide-prone slopes are obtained, which makes it possible to predict their geomechanical stability depending on the possible location of the sliding surface curve. For the first time, the dependences of changes in absolute displacements, relative deformations, coefficients of strength, stability, as well as Mises stresses in the elements of supporting structures of soil-cement piles on the angle of their inclination, distance between piles and the presence of a concrete grillage that joins them. Methods for assessing and predicting the landslide danger of soil slopes were further developed, which allowed to substantiate the method of increasing the strength coefficient depending on the variation of the parameters of the soil-cement supporting structure. For the first time, the parameters of the method of increasing the stability of landslide-prone slopes with pile supporting structures based on the complex mathematical and centrifugal modeling using real landslides and similarity criteria are substantiated. Practical value. The authors have developed and patented a method of strengthening landslide slopes with the help of soil-cement piles, combined with a concrete grillage, located perpendicular to the movement vector of the landslide body.
PRESENÇAS E ÊNFASES DO TEMA DA SAÚDE NOS CURRÍCULOS DE FORMAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA: NOTAS PARA UMA ESTRUTURAÇÃO CONCEITUAL
Authors: OLIVEIRA VICTOR JOSÉ MACHADO DE , GOMES IVAN MARCELO
Published: July 2021

RESUMO: O texto apresenta um recorte de investigação dos currículos de Educação Física (EF) do Centro de Educação Física e Desportos da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, cujo objetivo é apresentar subsídios para o uso dos conceitos presenças e ênfases para a análise curricular sobre o tema da saúde em cursos de EF. Os dados foram produzidos a partir de documentos curriculares do bacharelado e da licenciatura, entrevistas com dez professores, currículos dos professores, documentos de concursos públicos na área da saúde e acompanhamento de quatro disciplinas durante um semestre. O artigo é apresentado em duas partes: na primeira, uma conceituação de presenças e ênfases com base na teoria da estruturação de Giddens e no conceito de orientação político-epistemológica de Cunha; na segunda, a análise da empiria configurando cinco presenças e duas ênfases do tema da saúde nos currículos de formação em EF. Considera-se que as presenças e ênfases do tema da saúde se constituem nos movimentos da dualidade da estrutura nos quais as ações dos sujeitos, segundo suas orientações político-epistemológicas, se relacionam com (ou tensionam) as coerções estruturais que constituem os currículos de formação em EF.
POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS DOS GOVERNOS PT (2003-2016): IMPACTO NO PERFIL DOS GRADUANDOS EM PSICOLOGIA
Authors: MACEDO JOÃO PAULO , REIS SARA TELES
Published: July 2021

RESUMO: Objetivou-se analisar o impacto das políticas educacionais para o ensino superior ao longo dos Governos do Partido dos Trabalhadores/PT (2003-2016), quanto ao perfil dos estudantes de graduação de Psicologia no Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo documental, com base nos microdados do Censo do Ensino Superior e do Exame Nacional do Desempenho dos Estudantes, referente ao ciclo de 2015, divulgado em domínio público pelo Ministério da Educação. Foram selecionados estudantes de Instituições de Ensino Superior públicas e privadas para compor a amostra final de 18.788 estudantes. A análise foi realizada por meio do Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), versão 21, com base no teste quiquadrado (χ2) de independência e grau de significância 0,05 (p<0,05). Observou-se o acesso de um novo perfil de alunos oriundos de famílias com renda mais baixa; com mães e pais com menor escolaridade; procedentes de escolas públicas; sendo os primeiros da família a cursarem um curso de nível superior. Nesta lógica, é possível entender a importância do Prouni, Fies e Reuni tanto quanto a ampliação do acesso como quanto a uma certa deselitização do perfil do estudante de Psicologia no Brasil. Entende-se que tal mudança tenha se dado pelo impulsionamento das políticas de ampliação do acesso ao ensino superior, notadamente voltadas para o setor privado (Fies e Prouni).
Antiparasitic effect of Mentha × villosa hydrolate against monogenean parasites of the Nile tilapia
Authors: Silva Laura Rafaela da , Rodhermel Julio Cesar Bailler , Andrade Jaqueline Inês Alves de , Pereira Marina Oliveira , Chaaban Amanda , Bertoldi Fabiano Cleber , Jatobá Adolfo
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT: This paper o evaluated different concentrations and exposure times of Mentha × villosa hydrolate for the control of monogeneans in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Mentha × villosa leaves (150 g) were homogenized and the hydrolate was obtained by hydrodistillation for 4 h in a Clevenger apparatus. Fifty tilapia were then divided into ten groups (five fish each) and subjected to therapeutic baths for 15 minutes in five different hydrolate concentrations (0, 10, 20, 40, and 80 ml.L-1;× 2 replicates). After a suitable hydrolate concentration was identified, another 50 tilapia were divided into ten groups (five fish each) and subjected to therapeutic baths at the identified hydrolate concentration for five different durations (0, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes;× 2 replicates). In both steps, the mucus and gills were analyzed to determine parasitological indices. The hydrolate concentration of 20 ml.L-1 showed an efficacy of 59.9% and the biggest decrease in pathogen prevalence, average abundance, and average infection compared to the control and the lowest concentration (10 ml.L-1). For duration, the best antiparasitic effects were achieved with the 60-minute therapeutic bath, as it resulted in 89.28% antiparasitic efficacy. Therefore, it was concluded that therapeutic baths of M. × villosa hydrolate at a concentration of 20 ml.L-1 for 60 minutes have satisfactory antiparasitic effects and could be used to control monogenetic infestations in the gills and mucus of Nile tilapia (O. niloticus).
Fertilizer effect on some basil bioactive compounds and yield
Authors: Gavrić Teofil , Jurković Josip , Gadžo Drena , Čengić Lejla , Sijahović Emina , Bašić Fejzo
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is an annual plant that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It is used as an aromatic and medicinal plant. Basil is grown in different regions with varying climates; the productivity and quality are influenced by both abiotic and biotic factors. This study was aimed to determine the impact of the application of different types of fertilizers on the yield and contents of some bioactive components in basil. The treatments consisted of three different types of fertilizers (mineral, organomineral, and organic) and control (without fertilization). The yield per plant and the essential oil content with fertilizer treatment were better than that in control. The highest fresh yield (450.9 g per plant) and oil content (0.94 mL 100 g-1) were recorded in basil cultivated using mineral fertilizers. Furthermore, the fresh yield (333.9 and 327.8 g per plant) and oil content (0.87 and 0.85 mL 100 g-1) were higher after the application of organic and organomineral fertilizers compared to that in the control treatment. There was no significant effect of fertilizer application on the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity. This study demonstrated a suitable practical application of organomineral fertilizers as a nutrient source in basil crop production in areas where the use of mineral and organic fertilizers is limited.
Seed germination and performance of sunflower seedlings submitted to produced water
Authors: Rossetto Claudia Antonia Vieira , Medici Leonardo Oliveira , Morais Camila Santos Barros de , Martins Rosária da Costa Faria , Carvalho Daniel Fonseca de
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT The use of produced water becomes an option in the irrigation of non-food crops with potential for biofuel production. However, its effects on different stages of plant development and mainly on seed germination should be known. The study was conducted to evaluate the performance of sunflower seedlings subjected to different types of produced water. An experimental design in a factorial scheme was adopted to evaluate 3 cultivars (Catissol 01, Embrapa 122 and IAC Iaramã) and 6 types of water (distilled water - control, public-supply water, water resulting from the water and oil separation process - WOS, filtration in sand filter - SAF, filtration in sand + charcoal filter - SCF, and filtration in sand + osmosis filter - SOF). In addition, the substrate was moistened with polyethylene glycol (PEG) solutions, simulating the osmotic potentials of the evaluated waters, and a sensitivity test was conducted with lettuce seeds under conditions similar to those adopted for sunflower. The cv. Catissol showed higher percentages of germination and vigor of seedlings, regardless of the water used. There was a trend of reduction in germination and vigor of seedlings with the use of produced water treated with the WOS, SAF and SCF systems. All water potentials simulated by PEG solutions reduced the germination and vigor of lettuce seeds, and the effect was more pronounced for the WOS system. SOF was the only one capable of making the produced water non-toxic to sunflower seeds and lettuce seedlings.
As diferentes estruturas sintáticas do português e seu uso
Authors: Pezatti Erotilde Goreti
Published: July 2021

Tomando como unidade básica de expressão linguística o ato discursivo, este estudo tem como proposta apresentar as diferentes estruturas sintáticas do português, sob o ponto de vista da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional (Hengeveld & Mackenzie, 2008). Os resultados obtidos a partir da análise de um corpus de língua falada das variedades do português (Angola, Brasil, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau, Moçambique, Portugal, São Tomé e Príncipe e Timor Leste) mostram que cada estrutura sintática é motivada por fatores pragmáticos e preenche diferentes necessidades comunicativas dos falantes.
INTERNATO: ATUALIDADE E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Rosa Alice Reis
Published: July 2021

Resumo: O autor narra a origem da Resolução do Conselho Federal de Educação; de 1983, relativa ao estágio curricular no Curso Médico, e analisa as críticas, de professores e alunos, a esse ato normativo. Cita as medidas oficiais que se seguiram à Resolução, acrescentando outras que, em reuniões recentes com Diretores de escolas médicas, se mostraram necessárias. Conclui com breve exame de passiveis repercussões da integração ensino-serviço na organização curricular e, conseqüentemente, no Internato.
Performance of laboratory geogrid-reinforced retaining walls under freeze-thaw cycles
Authors: Cui F. , Xiao C. , Han J. , Gao S. , Tian W.
Published: July 2021

To investigate the effects of freeze-thaw cycles on performance of geosynthetic reinforced earth retaining walls, two model tests of 1.0 m-high geogrid-reinforced retaining (GRR) walls without and with the loading plate and 10 kPa surcharge were carried out under five freeze-thaw cycles. In each freeze-thaw cycle, both freeze-temperature of −15°C and thaw-temperature of 35°C were maintained for 12 h alternatively. The test results showed that the temperature field and mechanical performance of the GRR walls significantly depended on the ambient temperature and the number of the freeze-thaw cycles. The effect of ambient temperature on the temperature field in the model GRR walls gradually reduced with the distance from boundary increase, which is more obvious for the model GRR wall with the loading plate. The settlement at the top of the model walls and the lateral displacement increased with the increase of the number of freeze-thaw cycles, especially for the model wall with a surcharge. The additional earth pressures and geogrid strains in the model GRR walls significantly varied with the ambient temperature. The test results also showed that the performance change of GRR walls mainly happened in the initial two to three freeze-thaw cycles.
Experimental study of a geosynthetic-reinforced soil bridge abutment
Authors: Jelušič P. , Žlender B.
Published: July 2021

The article presents an experimental study of a geosynthetic-reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutment (BA). The BAs are seated on a saturated soft foundation layer and support a 16 m long concrete bridge. Laboratory tests were conducted on the foundation soil, geogrid, and fill material. The BA is constructed from 14 geogrids and has a total height of 4.2 m. The strain values in the geogrids were measured and recorded during the construction of the abutments and after installation of the bridge structure. The test results show that more than 50% of the total strain in the geogrids was developed during the construction of the BAs, mostly embedded in the ground. The remainder of the measured strain was a consequence of installing the prefabricated bridge girders, back fill placement, concreting the top slab, and placing the asphalt concrete. The strain distribution along the geogrids shows that the maximum strain was recorded below the sill, and was 50% higher than at the center of the BA. Based on an analysis of the construction costs, it can be concluded that conventional reinforced concrete abutments could cost up to five times the amount of optimally designed GRS-BAs.
Direct measurement of geomembrane strain from aggregate indentations
Authors: Marcotte B. A. , Fleming I. R.
Published: July 2021

High localized strain in geomembranes caused by indentations from coarse, uniform drainage aggregate is associated with long-term stress cracking and has been widely studied. A number of large-scale lab tests were carried out with direct measurement of the distribution of the major and minor principal (engineering) strain across the area of a large laboratory sample of geomembrane. This ‘grid-point’ method of strain estimation is compared to the method developed by Tognon et al. which has been recommended as the best available approach at this time. It has been found that the method by Tognon et al. tends to over- and under-predict geomembrane strain depending on the aggregate and protection layers used. Indentations with higher smaller ratios of membrane to bending strains tend to be underestimated. A correction factor is proposed based on the ratio of membrane to bending strains and fits the measured grid strain method used in this study well.
Study of silty sand slope protection from seepage flows using short fiber-sand mixtures
Authors: Bao X. , Li L. , Liao Z. , Cui H. , Tang W. , Chen X.
Published: July 2021

Silty sand slopes are prone to damage due to seepage or rainfall. A partial reinforcement method using short polypropylene fiber and sand mixtures was proposed to protect silty sand slopes from seepage flow failure. The effects and the reinforcement mechanism were explored. First, triaxial tests were performed on sand samples reinforced with fiber lengths (6 and 12 mm) and contents (0.25 and 0.50%) to verify the reinforcement effect. Then, model tests were conducted on sand slopes under lateral seepage flow and the failure mode with different fiber contents and reinforcement method were examined. The results showed that the cohesion and shear strength of sand were significantly improved with the increase of fiber content and length. The suction of unsaturated sand was also enhanced by the fibers. The change in stress-strain behavior from strain softening to strain hardening indicated that static liquefaction could be effectively prevented. The failure mode and extent of slope damage depended on the fiber content. However, it was noted that the slope surface with small reinforcement range performed similarly to that with large reinforcement range. In conclusion, the partial reinforcement method with short discrete synthetic fibers can be used as an effective alternative for slope reinforcement.
Modeling of healing pores of cylindrical form under the action of shock waves in a crystal subjected to shear deformation
Authors: Markidonov A. V. , Starostenkov M. D. , Lubyanoi D. A. , Zakharov P. V. , Lipunov V. N.
Published: July 2021

Volumetric defects in crystals worsen operational properties of structural materials; therefore, the problem of reducing discontinuities in solid is one of the most important in modern materials science. In the present work, the results of computer simulation are presented that demonstrate possibility of collapse of pores in a crystal in state of shear deformation under the influence of shock waves. Similar waves can occur in a solid under external high-intensity exposure. For example, in the zone of propagation of displacement cascade, there are regions in which occurs a mismatch between the thermalization times of atomic vibrations and the removal of heat from them. As a result of the expansion of such a region, a shock after cascade wave arises. The simulation was carried out based on molecular dynamics method using the potential calculated by means of mmersed atom method. As a bulk defect, we considered extended pores of cylindrical shape, which can be formed after passing of high-energy ions through a crystal, or, for example, when superheated closed fluid inclusions (mother liquor) reach the surface. The study has shown that such defects are the source of heterogeneous nucleation of dislocation loops, contributing to a decrease in the shear stresses in simulated structure. Dependences of the average dislocation density on the shear angle and temperature of the designed cell were established, and the loop growth rate was estimated. Generated shock waves create additional tangential stresses that contribute to the formation of dislocation loops; therefore, in this case, dislocations are observed even with a small shear strain. If during simulation the thermal effect increases, the pore collapses.
Nonparametric control algorithm for metal temperature mode on site BOF – CCM
Authors: Kornet M. E. , Raskina A. V. , Korneeva A. A.
Published: July 2021

A two-level control system for the temperature mode of smelting, out-of-furnace processing and preparation for casting of low-carbon steel G/ET is proposed in the conditions of BOF shop-2 of JSC “United West Siberian Metallurgical Combine”. Depending on the technological scheme, it is possible to design various control systems for the steelmaking complex with sequential, parallel and combined inclusion of individual operations and processes. The control system of a sequential group of objects is considered on the example of steel G/ET. The control system includes an external control loop that allows coordinated control of the shop departments by optimizing the mode of technological process conducting at the facility, taking into account the actual operation performed at the previous facility. The implemented nonparametric algorithm of dual control allows the decision-maker to perform joint operational adjustment of control actions for local control loops. The temperature mode of the melts of low-carbon steel G/ET is analyzed and it is revealed that the processing time of the steel ladle at each stage of the BOF – CCM technological route has a significant impact on the steel temperature mode. In accordance with this, the criteria for temperature control quality are formed. The results of computational experiment showed that the introduction of a control unit with a decision-maker contributes to the rational control of metal temperature mode in the BOF – CCM site, and as a result, obtaining a given chemical composition and temperature of steel within narrower limits. It allows one to eliminate deviations from the contact schedule of the main units, and to increase the number of melts in the series and the rate of continuous casting.
Pre-operative fasting times for clear liquids at a tertiary children’s hospital; what can be improved?
Authors: Schmidt Alexander R. , Fehr James , Man Janice , D’Souza Genevieve , Wang Ellen , Claure Rebecca , Mendoza Julianne
Published: July 2021

Background: The goal of preoperative fasting is to prevent pulmonary aspiration during general anesthesia. Fasting times are often prolonged leading to patient discomfort and risk for adverse events. This retrospective quality improvement survey evaluated effective nil-per-os (NPO) times and causes for prolonged NPO times with the aim to suggest improvement strategies by a newly founded fasting task force.Methods: Data from all electronic anesthesia records from 2019 at our institution were reviewed for fasting times. Our NPO instructions follow American Society of Anesthesiology guidelines and are calculated based on the patient’s arrival time (90 min before OR time). Primary outcome was the effective NPO time for clear liquids, secondary outcomes were incidence of delays and the parental compliance with the NPO instructions. Data are presented as median (interquartile range).Results: 9,625 cases were included in the analysis. NPO time was documented in 72.1% with a median effective NPO time of 7:13 h (7:36). OR in room times were documented in 72.8%, 2,075 (29.5%; median time 0:10 h [0:21]) were earlier and 4,939 (70.5%; median time 0:29 h [0:54]) were later than scheduled. Parental NPO compliance showed a median deviation for clear liquid intake of 0:55 h (8:30).Conclusions: This study revealed that effective NPO times were longer than current ASA guidelines. Contributing causes include case delays and parental non-compliance to NPO instructions. Thus, task force recommendations include change NPO instruction calculations to scheduled OR time versus arrival time, and encourage parents to give their child clear liquids at the instructed time.
Egy református prédikátor, egy főhadnagy és a Magyar Füvész Könyv
Authors: Lakner Lajos
Published: July 2021

A specific part of local history permanent exhibition of the Déri Museum in Debrecen is named The Garden. Here the visitors can learn about two significant gardens of the city and may have a look into its botanical environment. The first Hungarian scientific plant identification book of Sámuel Diószegi and Mihály Fazekas, The Hungarian Herbal is also displayed here. This study presents a number of interesting details about the book’s origin, the authors' objectives and the public reception of this work, which also reveal the role this book played in the professional activities of the two authors and provide an insight into the assessment of botanical science in Debrecen during the early 19th century.
A New York-i Egyetem fogászattörténeti múzeum 19. századi kuruzsló gyógyszer gyűjteménye
Authors: Spielmann András
Published: July 2021

Quackery in medicine is as old as medicine. In times of crisis, desperate patients believe in extraordinary claims. In the annals of pain killer quack medicine, elixirs, nostrums and liniments hold a preeminent position. The College of Dentistry at NYU received a collection of 234 bottles of nostrums and liniments dating from approximately 1840 through 1940. This article highlights three sets of painkillers that contained morphine, opium or were considered being “electric or magnetic”. The exaggerated nature of the curative claims, the dangerous and addictive content of the drugs led the US Congress in 1906 to ban many of such substances and introduce The Pure Food and Drug Act. In spite of such measures, 100+ years later quack medicine is alive and well thanks to the internet and social media.
Adalékok az implantáció történetéhez
Authors: Kóbor András
Published: July 2021

Man schreibt im ungarischen Fachliteratur sehr wenig über die Entwicklungsgeschichte der Implantologie. Deshalb probier ich eine kurze Zusammenfassung in diesem Thema sammeln. Vom Ende des zwanzigsten Jahrhundert spielen die Implantaten immer grőssere und grössere Rolle in der Zahnheilkunde. Der Ersatz der fehlenden Zähne ist schon im römischen Alter nicht nur in Europe, sondern auf anderen Gebiete der Welt enstehen. Materialen der Implantaten waren sehr verschiedliche: vom Schmiedeeisen bis Muschelschale. Die schnellere Entwicklung ist an der Wende der XIX-XX Jahrhunderts, parallel mit den erhöhten funktionalischen und ästhetischen Anforderungen der Patienten gestartet.. Die Anfängliche Entwicklung hat in USA, und später im Deutschland und in den skandinavischen Lände begonnen. Man hat zuerst mit Edelmetallen, mit Co-Cr Legíerungen später mit Keramiken experimentiert.Heute ist das Material der Implantaten fast immer Titan-Legierung oder Zirkonium. Die Formen der Implantaten hat sich beteudend geändert.Am Anfang sie waren röhreförmig, später nadelförmig, danach klingenförmig und heute schraubeförmig..Dieses Form ist das geeigetestes Form zur Entstehung der Osteointegratio. In meinem wissenschaftlichen Artikel habe ich nur über die wichtigste Ergebnisse der Entwicklung der Implantatengeschichte geschrieben
Alexander Béla (1857-1916), a magyar radiológia „nagy embere” emlékezete halála 105. évfordulóján
Authors: Bruckner Éva
Published: July 2021

Béla Alexander, born in the historical Upper Hungary (Slovakia today) dedicated his whole life to X-rays discovered by Conrad Röntgen. After medical school graduation, he was known as a poet and a community activist as well. For more than ten years he was treating indigent people in Késmárk (Kežmarok today) in the daylight time and experimented with X-rays during the nights. Although Alexander gained an international reputation for his X-ray images and studies, made and written about upper and lower limbs’ bones, the scientific value of his stereoscopic X-rays was argued in Hungarian academic circles. Due to his successful struggles, Alexander moved up the career ladder in the capital Budapest from 1907. Milestones of his career: director of the X-ray lab between 1906 and 1907, then the director of the University Institute for X-rays between 1907 and 1916, which was established on his former X-ray lab.) After his death caused by X-rays, directors of the Institute continued Alexander’s work between the two World Wars.
A parodontális sebészet áttekintő története
Authors: Dobos Andrea , Palkovics Daniel
Published: July 2021

The first notes about gingival diseases were made around 1500 B.C. in Papyrus Ebers in Egypt and Mesopotamia. Ever since the importance of the supporting tissue of the teeth is exponentially increasing. Especially in implant dentistry, it is not just a matter of aesthetics but also plays a main role in functionality. The nomenclature and definitions of periodontal surgeries have enormously changed in the past decades. The aim of this article is to review the evolution of periodontal surgical procedures and the capital changes in the nomenclature.
Lorenzo de Monacis: A vérszopó Ezerino borzalmas története
Authors: Magyar László András
Published: July 2021

Even in the early twentieth century, northern Italian children were intimidated by the Bloodsucker Ezerino. We find Ezerino or Ezzelino Da Romano (1194-1259) also in the seventh circle of Dante's Hell, but the horror tale of the cruel tyrant has been mentioned in several romantic literary works as well. The reign of the Ghibellin Ezerino could only be terminated by the alliance of the Pope, the Lombard League and the Venetian Republic through a crusade against the tyrant, but its terror and the hatred of his opponents left their mark on later narratives as well. Later analysts pointed out that most of the horrors detailed here may only have been exaggerations or fictions with which the victors tried to defeat the former deadly enemy – as we have already seen by a few examples. But also the history of the 20th century demonstrates clearly that there is no unimaginable horror committed by man over time. Our presented text is the 13th chapter of an early 15th century Venetian chronicle. The first half of the story is a slightly confusing story of petty family quarrels, wealth-seeking tricks, minor skirmishes, but later there are unfolding terrible events before our very eyes that remember the tragedy of Richard the III. We can see how an average nobleman became an almost unearthly evil, paranoid tyrant by the end of his life. The narrative is slowly rising from the middle of the text to literary niveau and deepens into an impressive tyrannical biography framed by the completely meaningless Guelf-Ghibelline wars. Its pages are populated by historical and supra-historical figures: ruthless mercenaries, cruel hangmen keeping the account of their victims, family members whistleblowing each order, self-whipping flagellants, diligent denunciators and humiliated truncated children liberated from their prison as living sceletons.
Historical background of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering
Authors: Varga Rita
Published: July 2021

The ancient desires of men there were emerging from time to time in the tales of many nations and are emerging actually in the screenplays of the film industry. Flying, travelling in space, visiting other planets, achieving eternal youth, becoming invulnerable or even the desire for quick recovery are deeply rooted in men’s fantasies and some of them are turning out step-by-step as a day-to-day reality. Regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are interdisciplinary fields of research that utilize the knowledge of engineers, scientists, and physicians to create tissue-like implants. In the most intensive research on tissue regeneration, there are taken cell samples of the patients’ relevant tissues, which after multiplication on a host artificial matrix are finally replaced to the damaged area for local regeneration. Henceforward, the regenerated tissue regains its original structure and function. The past four decades witnessed the rapid development of these fields, from laboratory experiments throughs animal testing and clinical trials to the administered therapies. Studying the history of original and novel ideas in this field is a key issue in understanding the latest achievements while appreciating the actual results and the future trends respectively. This study outlines a brief summary of the background of 7373he early history and the present challenges of regenerative medicine. In this study, I present a brief survey on the background of regenerative medicine and the principles of tissue engineering, followed by discussing the early years of these fields. In the end, I will describe the most relevant questions and scientific challenges that are still to be answered and overcome.
Jan Evangelista Purkinje (1797-1869)
Authors: Fazekas Tamás
Published: July 2021

Being a chairman and professor of physiology in Breslau/Wroclaw till 1850, Jan Evangelista Purkinje (1797-1869) made many crucial discoveries/experiments with the new advanced microscopy and histology techniques. He established the first institute of the physiology of the world (1839) and founded the basic principles and framework of cellular physiology (protoplasmic concept) both in plant and animal tissues. Purkine discovered and described (first in Polish, 1839) the extensive terminal network of the cardiac conduction system. Its paradigmatic discovery was presented in the last two 15-page German article in 1845, which was immediately translated into English by Sir William Withey Gull (1816-1880), an extraordinary physician to the queen and Prince of Wales. In 1837, he made his other famous discovery of Purkine cells, a giant flak-shaped nerve cell forming the middle layer of the cerebellum. His combination of physical, chemical, and microscopic observations made him the father of modern experimental physiology and predecessor of the legendary French scientist/biologist, Claude Bernard (1813-1878). Purkinje as a Czech and Slav patriot advocated cultural collaboration of Slav nations and promoted understanding between the nations of the Habsburg monarchy. His life and personality is also an inspiration on how to be a truly humanistic European and yet, a highly responsible, convinced patriot. He was a pioneer of the Czech medical language. His achievements are possibly best documented by this rhyme of Goethe: „…and should you fail to understand let Purkinje give you a hand.” True also for our times (cit by Zarsky).
Optimization of β-Fructofuranosidase Production from Agrowaste by Aspergillus carbonarius and Its Application in the Production of Inverted Sugar
Authors: Dias Batista Ryhára , Guimarães Melo Fernanda , Auler do Amaral Santos Claudia Cristina , Coutinho de Paula-Elias Fabrício , Firmani Perna Rafael , Cunha Abreu Xavier Michelle , Villalba Morales Sergio Andres , de Almeida Alex Fernando
Published: July 2021

Research background. Microbial β-fructofuranosidases are widely employed in food
industry to produce inverted sugar or fructooligosaccharides. In this study, a newly isolated Aspergillus carbonarius PC-4 strain was used to optimize the β-fructofuranosidase production in a cost-effective process and the sucrose hydrolysis was evaluated to produce inverted sugars.
Experimental approach. Optimization of nutritional components of culture medium
was carried out using simplex lattice mixture design for 72 and 120 h at 28 °C. One-factor-at-a-time methodology was used to optimize the physicochemical parameters. Crude enzyme was used for sucrose hydrolysis at different concentrations.
Results and conclusions. The optimized conditions of enzyme production were achieved from cultivations containing pineapple crown waste (1.3 %, m/V) and yeast extract (0.3 %, m/V) after 72 h with an enzyme activity of 9.4 U/mL, obtaining R²=91.85 %, R²adjusted=85.06 %, highest F-value (13.52) and low p-value (0.003). One-factor-at-a-time used for optimizing the physicochemical conditions showed optimum temperature (20 °C), pH (5.5), agitation (180 rpm) and time course (72 h) with a 3-fold increase of enzyme production. The invertase-induced sucrose hydrolysis showed the maximum yield (3.45 mmol of reducing sugars) using 10 % of initial sucrose concentration. Higher sucrose concentrations caused the inhibition of invertase activity, possibly due to the saturation of substrate or formation of sucrose aggregates, making it difficult for the enzyme to access sucrose molecules within the created clusters. Therefore, a cost-effective method was developed for the invertase production using agroindustrial waste and the produced enzyme can be used efficiently for inverted sugar production at high sucrose concentration.
Novelty and scientific contribution. This study presents an efficient utilization of pineapple crown waste to produce invertase by a newly isolated Aspergillus carbonarius PC-4 strain. This enzyme exhibited a good potential for inverted sugar production at high initial sucrose concentration, which is interesting for industrial applications.