bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustained Neurological Recovery After Stroke in Aged Rats Treated With a Novel Prostacyclin Analog
Authors: Yang Changjun , DeMars Kelly M. , Alexander Jon C. , Febo Marcelo , Candelario-Jalil Eduardo
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose—

Targeting the prostaglandin I
2
prostanoid (IP) receptor to reduce stroke injury has been hindered by the lack of selective drugs. MRE-269 is the active metabolite of selexipag showing a high selectivity toward the IP receptor. Selexipag has been recently approved for clinical use in pulmonary hypertension. We hypothesized that postischemic treatment with MRE-269 provides long-lasting neuroprotection with improved neurological outcomes in a clinically relevant rat stroke model.

Methods—

Aged male Sprague–Dawley rats underwent transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and were randomly selected to receive either vehicle or MRE-269 (0.25 mg/kg) intravenously starting at 4.5 hours post ischemia. Accelerating rotarod and adhesive removal tests were conducted before and at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after stroke. Infarct volume was quantified by magnetic resonance imaging at 48 hours and 21 days post middle cerebral artery occlusion. In parallel experiments, cerebral cortex samples from stroke and nonstroke sides from vehicle- and MRE-269–treated groups were collected at 18 hours post middle cerebral artery occlusion for molecular biology analyses.

Results—

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging data showed that postischemic MRE-269 treatment significantly reduced infarct volume compared with vehicle-treated rats at both 48 hours and 3 weeks after stroke. MRE-269 treatment resulted in a significant long-term recovery in both locomotor and somatosensory functions after middle cerebral artery occlusion, which was associated with a reduced weight loss in animals receiving the IP receptor agonist. Postischemic MRE-269 treatment reduced proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and oxidative stress. Damage to the blood–brain barrier, as assessed by extravasation of immunoglobulin G to the ischemic brain, was significantly reduced by MRE-269, which was associated with a reduction in matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity in the brain of stroked aged rats given the IP agonist at 4.5 hours after ischemia onset.

Conclusions—

Our data suggest that targeting the IP receptor with MRE-269 is a novel strategy to reduce cerebral ischemia injury and promote long-term neurological recovery in ischemic stroke.
Combating Speciesism
Authors: Willetts Marion C.
Published: June 2017

Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted with six students prior to an alternative break trip to a companion and farmed animal sanctuary, along with participant observation of all student trip participants (n = 44) during the trip and at all pre- and post-trip events. Participants were overwhelmingly Anglo and female, and were enrolled at a Midwestern university. Results indicate that prior to the trip, the participants possessed minimal information about overpopulation of companion animals, vegetarianism, and factory farming, and were hesitant to embrace any lifestyle changes that would benefit animals. Additionally, enthusiasm for the volunteer work and interest in nonhuman animal well-being dropped precipitously over the course of the immersion experience. Results are discussed within the framework of Mezirow’s (1997, 2000) theory of transformative learning and Parks Daloz’s (2000) application of this theory to encouraging social activism. Recommendations are provided concerning how immersion experiences with animals may more effectively combat speciesism.
Historicity, Critique, and the Problem of Naturalism in Neuropragmatism
Authors: Morris Conor
Published: June 2017

I argue that neuropragmatism holds to a problematic version of Dewey’s principle of continuity, and thus risks the melioristic dimensions of the neurophilosophical turn proposed for pragmatism. Therefore, firstly, I try to show that the neuropragmatist does hold this principle. Secondly, I give an alternative (historicist) account. Thirdly, I argue that the neuropragmatists’ interpretation of the principle of continuity is problematic because it threatens to undermine their melioristic concerns because of their explanatory commitments. This historicist pragmatist order of explanation aims at avoiding this problem while maintaining meliorism. I conclude by arguing that this is a mistake in the conflation of two distinct stories, one ethical, and the other ontological.
William James and the Embodied Mind
Authors: Kühle Lana
Published: June 2017

The hard problem of consciousness lies in explaining what constitutes the subjectivity of consciousness. I argue that significant headway can be made on the problem from an embodied mind view, and particularly if we turn to William James’ theory of emotions. The challenge is one of explaining how bodily subjectivity arises from biological processes. I argue that the solution to this problem lies in our sense of interoception, and James’ theory which suggests emotional feelings are the cascade of changing bodily states. Through James’ account, I show how the biological body can give rise to a bodily subjectivity in experiential consciousness, and thus move towards a solution of the hard problem.
Restitution Judges: A Starting Point for an Agrarian Jurisdiction as a Guarantee of Non-repetition in Colombia
Authors: del Pilar Peña-Huertas Rocío , Ruiz-González Luis Enrique , Álvarez-Morales Ricardo , Parada-Hernández María Mónica
Published: June 2017

The Colombian government and the main guerrilla, the farc, signed a peace agreement in November 2016. The establishment of an agrarian jurisdiction is one of the settlements they have reached. This article evaluates the already existing capacities the Colombian state has developed, based on an analysis of the ongoing land restitution process. Based on an analysis of some judicial decisions taken in the context of this process, and on three in-depth interviews with judicial operators involved in it, the article makes two main findings: the procedural innovations of the land restitution process and the application of the constitutional precept of the effective enjoyment of rights guarantee the effective access to justice for rural populations and to the social rights aimed at protecting and stabilising their property rights. For these reasons, these features will prove to be useful in the establishment of an agrarian jurisdiction in Colombia that will represent a guarantee of non-repetition.
A new combination and typifications in Sebastiania (Euphorbiaceae) from Mexico, Central America, and the Antilles
Authors: DE MELO ANDRÉ LAURÊNIO , ATHIÊ-SOUZA SARAH MARIA , DE SALES MARGARETH FERREIRA
Published: June 2017

The new combination Sebastiania integra is proposed based on the basionym Gymnanthes integra. Lectotypifications of four names of Sebastiania, occurring in Mexico, Central America, and Antilles, are proposed. A key to the species and a list of names excluded from the genus referred to the region are provided.
A new species of Pleurothallis (Orchidaceae: Pleurothallidinae) from Southwestern Ecuador: Pleurothallis marioi
Authors: ZAMBRANO ROMERO BOSCO JAVIER , SOLANO-GOMEZ RODOLFO , WILSON MARK
Published: June 2017

A new orchid species in Pleurothallis subsection Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, is described and illustrated. It was discovered in semi-deciduous premontane forest from Southwestern Ecuador. The new species is named herein as Pleurothallis marioi; information about its distribution, habitat, phenology, and conservation status is provided. The new taxon is compared with P. acestrophylla, P. arctata, P. calamifolia, P. lemniscifolia, P. portillae, and P. subtilis, species to which it is morphologically similar.
Tradescantia multibracteata, a new species of Commelinaceae from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: BÜNEKER HENRIQUE MALLMANN , FERRARESE MARINA DEON , CANTO-DOROW THAIS SCOTTI DO
Published: June 2017

This study describes a new species of Tradescantia sect. Austrotradescantia, T. multibracteata, found in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, southern Brazil. We provide data on the habitat, geographical distribution, morphological affinities and the conservation status of this new species. Photographs of the plant and habitat are also provided.
Cymbella pamirensis sp. nov. (Bacillariophyceae) from an alpine lake in the Pamir Mountains, Northwestern China
Authors: ZHANG ZHONGYAN , RIOUAL PATRICK , PENG YUMEI , YANG XIAOPING , JIN ZHANGDONG , ECTOR LUC
Published: June 2017

This paper describes a new Cymbella species from an alpine lake in the Pamir Mountains, NW China, with the aid of light and scanning electron microscopy and morphometric analyses. The morphology of the new species, named Cymbella pamirensis, is discussed and compared to similar species. The main morphometric features distinguishing Cymbella pamirensis from similar species of Cymbella are the outline and size of the valves. Cymbella pamirensis has been observed in surface sediment and core samples from Lake Sate Baile Dikuli, an alkaline, mesotrophic lake of the Pamir Mountains.
A new species of Galium (Rubiaceae) from Southwest Anatolia, Turkey
Authors: DAŞKIN RUZİYE , BAĞÇIVAN GÜLŞAH
Published: June 2017

Galium cariense, a new species from serpentine scree in Denizli and Muğla provinces, SW Anatolia, Turkey, is here described and illustrated. The new species belongs to Galium section Kolgyda and is similar to G. bracteatum, G. penduliflorum and G. peplidifolium, from which it differs by its short, glabrous, reddish stems, small, ovate-oblong, equal cauline leaves, thyrsoid inflorescences, acute to obtuse corolla lobes and narrowly oblong, papillate mericarps. The diagnostic characters of G. cariense and related species are discussed. Moreover, ecology, conservation status and the geographical distribution of the new species are presented and its mericarp surface characteristics are investigated using scanning electron microscopy.
Pipunculidae (Diptera) from southern Iran, including two new species of the genus Tomosvaryella Aczél
Authors: MAJNON-JAHROMI BAHAREH , GHEIBI MEHDI , FALLAHZADEH MAJID , KEHLMAIER CHRISTIAN , HESAMI SHAHRAM
Published: June 2017

We provide data on the distribution of 23 big-headed fly species (Diptera: Brachycera: Pipunculidae) from Fars province, southern Iran. Two new species of the genus Tomosvaryella Aczél, T. angulata sp. nov. and T. pistacia sp. nov., are described and illustrated. The new species show a clear morphological affiliation to the T. congoana species-group that was hitherto only known from the Afrotropical region. Nine species recorded herein represent first records for Iran. The number of pipunculid species recorded from Iran is now raised to 30. By DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial COI gene, males and females could be unequivocally associated with each other for most species.
New records of Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Colombia, with discussion on the morphological variations of some species
Authors: MARTÍNEZ-ALAVA JAVIER O. , SERNA FRANCISCO , NORRBOM ALLEN L.
Published: June 2017

Rhagoletis jamaicensis Foote, 1981 and an undetermined species of the psalida group, are recorded for the first time in Colombia. The morphological variations of the Colombian specimens of these species and of other species closely related are discussed.
A new species of Bembecia from China, with a catalogue of Chinese species of the genus (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae)
Authors: GORBUNOV OLEG G. , KRUPITSKY ANATOLY V. , MARUSOV ANATOLY A.
Published: June 2017

A new species, Bembecia altyntaghica sp. nov. from the Altyn-Tagh Mts., Gansu, West China, is described and illustrated. The data on its biotope and host plant are presented and illustrated as well. An annotated catalogue of the Chinese members of the genus Bembecia is added to this paper. The catalogue contains the following information: the references to the original descriptions, information on name-bearing types, complete bibliographies of the presented taxa, data on host plants and distribution. Here below the Oriental species Bembecia fortis Diakonoff, 1967 is transferred to the genus Oligophlebia Hampson, 1893 comb. nov. (Sesiidae: Paraglosseciini).
Pragmatism Preserved? The Challenges of Accommodating Mercy Killers in the Reformed Diminished Responsibility Plea
Authors: Gibson Matthew
Published: June 2017

This article examines the operation of the reformed English diminished responsibility plea in mercy killer cases. In particular, it makes three claims. First, it predicts that—like its predecessor—the revised doctrine will be stretched, where necessary, to accommodate these offenders. This is because (i) normative arguments remain for convicting them of manslaughter instead of murder and (ii) other partial defence routes will usually be unavailable. Secondly, it contends that such pragmatism will now be facilitated by a disconnect between (i) the defence’s post-reform narrowing and (ii) its ongoing interpretive flexibility. Thirdly, given that disconnect, it suggests that this pragmatism will be problematic. Notably, it will (i) compromise the plea’s newfound coherence and (ii) exacerbate unfair labelling of mercy killers. Ultimately, and more broadly, these difficulties reinforce recent calls for further homicide law reform.
The rise and fall of Swissair, 1931–2002
Authors: Meyer Benedikt
Published: June 2017

Swissair was a surprisingly successful international airline for most of its existence. Despite its home being a small country, Switzerland, the company was able to seize various special opportunities, including being able to choose its aircraft free from political influence, being forced into international cooperation by its government, getting landing rights relatively easily, and being particularly attractive to first-class passengers. Currency issues played an important role in Swissair’s history: the airline needed to be saved by the taxpayer after the devaluation of the British Pound in 1949, and suffered heavily from the collapse of the Bretton Woods Monetary System in 1971. The demise of the airline after 1990 can be explained partly by a change in the market environment and partly by Swissair’s inability to reform and adapt. This paper provides archival evidence for Swissair’s rise and fall.
A justification of whistleblowing
Authors: Kumar Manohar , Santoro Daniele
Published: June 2017

Whistleblowing is the act of disclosing information from a public or private organization in order to reveal cases of corruption that are of immediate or potential danger to the public. Blowing the whistle involves personal risk, especially when legal protection is absent, and charges of betrayal, which often come in the form of legal prosecution under treason laws. In this article we argue that whistleblowing is justified when disclosures are made with the proper intent and fulfill specific communicative constraints in addressing issues of public interest. Three communicative constraints of informativeness, truthfulness and evidence are discussed in this regard. We develop a ‘harm test’ to assess the intent for disclosures, concluding that it is not sufficient for justification. Along with the proper intent, a successful act of whistleblowing should provide information that serves the public interest. Taking cognizance of the varied conceptions of public interest, we present an account of public interest that fits the framework of whistleblowing disclosures. In particular, we argue that whistleblowing is justified inter alia when the information it conveys is of a presumptive interest for a public insofar as it reveals an instance of injustice or violation of a civil or political right done against and unbeknown to some members of a polity.
Feeling lonely when not socially isolated
Authors: Lee Yeeun , Ko Young-gun
Published: June 2017

Although it is widely acknowledged that people can feel lonely when not socially isolated, to our knowledge, no study has examined whether loneliness would be differently associated with daily social relations for people who are not socially isolated. The present study examined the role of social isolation (i.e., small social network size) in moderating the association between loneliness and characteristics of daily social interactions—interaction type and qualitative characteristics—using the 7-day social interaction diary data of 118 individuals. The moderating effect of social isolation on self-informant agreement in loneliness ratings was additionally examined, using three informant ratings of loneliness. Greater loneliness was more related to less frequency of strong tie interactions for people who are less socially isolated, while loneliness was more associated with greater self-focus during interactions for more socially isolated people. In addition, for those who are less socially isolated, the self-informant agreement in loneliness ratings was lower, suggesting that their loneliness might be underrecognized, even by those close to them. These results indicate that the relationships between loneliness and such social variables may operate differently depending upon the personal level of social isolation. In particular, our findings underscore the significant role of frequent interactions with close ties in alleviating the loneliness of people who are not socially isolated, suggesting that human social needs cannot be satisfied merely by a large number of social contacts.
The impact of anger on donations to victims
Authors: van Doorn Janne , Zeelenberg Marcel , Breugelmans Seger M
Published: June 2017

This article investigates if and when anger appeals (communications that elicit anger in people), can be used to increase donations to charity. In an experimental study the idea was tested that anger leads to higher charitable donations, under the condition that people can restore equity with that donation (i.e., restore the harm done to the victim). Results indeed show that when one’s donation serves a specific restorative function (i.e., compensates the suffering of women so that they can start a new life) as compared to a non-restorative function (i.e., offers help in special crisis centers for women, to alleviate their suffering and not worsen their situation), angry participants donated more to charity. This difference was absent when people did not experience anger. Furthermore, angry people donated more to the restorative charity than people not experiencing this emotion. The effect of anger on charitable donations occurred independently from people’s empathic concern. These results thus suggest that anger can act as an emotional appeal in soliciting charitable donations.
Clinical and prognostic factors in 98 patients with malignant melanoma in China
Authors: Zhang Min , Zhang Nan
Published: June 2017

Objective

To investigate clinical and prognostic factors in patients with malignant melanoma (MM) in China.

Methods

A total of 98 MM patients were enrolled in the study. Enumeration data were analyzed using Fisher’s exact probability tests or χ2 tests. Survival rates were calculated using log-rank tests. A Cox multivariate regression analysis was performed to determine independent prognostic factors.

Results

The male: female incidence ratio was 1.88:1. The highest incidence rate was seen in the 45–65 year age group. Primary lesion ulceration was seen in 60.2% of patients. The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year survival rates were 85.7%, 34.7% and 13.3%, respectively. In univariate analyses, the 5-year survival rate in patients was significantly associated with ulceration (P < 0.01), clinical stage (P < 0.01) and surgical excision of the tumor (P < 0.01). Cox multivariate regression analysis confirmed that ulceration and clinical stage were independent prognostic factors.

Conclusions

Some clinical characteristics of MM patients in China are significantly different from those of patients in Western countries. Ulceration and clinical stage are independent risk factors for poor survival in MM patients.
Acetabular Chondral Lesions in Hip Arthroscopy: Relationships Between Grade, Topography, and Demographics
Authors: Suarez-Ahedo Carlos , Gui Chengcheng , Rabe Stephanie M. , Chandrasekaran Sivashankar , Lodhia Parth , Domb Benjamin G.
Published: June 2017

Background:

Hip pain remains a challenge given the multiple factors that can cause damage to the articular cartilage, such as traumatic injury, metabolic damage, and morphologic variations such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and that can contribute to progression of osteoarthritis. However, a direct relationship between patient characteristics, the extent of acetabular chondral damage, and topologic characteristics of chondral lesions has not been established.

Purpose:

To compare the grade of acetabular chondral damage, measured in terms of acetabular labrum articular disruption (ALAD) classification, to the size and position of the chondral lesions, matching patients’ demographic factors such as age and body mass index (BMI).

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This study included all hip arthroscopies performed by the corresponding author from August 7, 2008, to November 19, 2014, in which acetabular chondral lesions were intraoperatively identified and measured in terms of ALAD grade, clockface location, and size. Bivariate analyses and multiple logistic regression were used to identify the demographic factors, characteristics of the acetabular chondral lesion, and other anatomic characteristics that were related to the ALAD grade of the acetabular chondral lesion.

Results:

Acetabular chondral lesions were measured in 1502 patients during the study period. Multivariate analysis showed that higher ALAD grade of acetabular chondral damage was significantly related to male sex, more advanced age, the area of the acetabular chondral lesion, anterior extension of the acetabular chondral lesion within the anterosuperior quadrant, labral detachment from the acetabular cartilage, and posterior extension of the labral tear.

Conclusion:

Higher grades of acetabular chondral damage were related to male sex, increased age, height, weight, BMI, and the size of the lesion. Chondral lesions were generally found in the anterosuperior region of the acetabulum, consistent with labral lesions and the weightbearing area of the acetabulum.
Amelioration of thioacetamide-induced liver toxicity in Wistar rats by rutin
Authors: Zargar Seema , Wani Tanveer A , Alamro Abir Abdullah , Ganaie Majid Ahmad
Published: June 2017

This study was designed to evaluate the effect of rutin on hepatotoxicity induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in rats. Four groups of male Wistar rats consisting of six rats each were used: Group I: control group; Group II: rats receiving single injection of 300 mg kg−1 body weight of TAA intraperitoneally; Group III: rats administered rutin (10 mg kg−1 body weight) dissolved in saline orally for 2 weeks; and Group IV: rats administered rutin (10 mg kg−1 body weight) dissolved in saline orally for 2 weeks followed by TAA injection last day of second week. All groups were sacrificed after 24 h of treatment and hepatic toxicity was analyzed with respect to liver toxicity markers, liver DNA fragmentation, and histology of liver tissue. Administration of TAA in Wistar rats resulted in significant increase of hepatic markers, DNA fragmentation in the hepatocytes, and changes in histology. Pretreatment of rats with rutin before 2 weeks of TAA assault resulted in the complete reversal of TAA-mediated hepatic toxicity ( P < 0.0001 to P < 0.01) with concomitant restoration of DNA fragmentation. This study suggests rutin as a protective agent for restoration of toxicity caused by TAA.
Effects of low-temperature pretreatment on enhancing properties of refuse-derived fuel via microwave irradiation
Authors: Liu Zhen , Wang Han-qing , Zhou Yue-yun , Zhang Xiao-dong , Liu Jian-wen
Published: June 2017

The present study focuses on pretreatment of enhancing the properties of refuse-derived fuel (RDF) via low-temperature microwave irradiation. These improved properties include lower chlorine content, a more porous surface structure and better combustion characteristics. In this study, low-temperature microwave irradiation was carried out in a modified microwave apparatus and the range of temperature was set to be 220–300℃. We found that the microwave absorbability of RDF was enhanced after being partly carbonized. Moreover, with the increasing of the final temperature, the organochlorine removal ratio was greatly increased to 80% and the content of chlorine was dramatically decreased to an extremely low level. It was also interesting to find that the chlorine of RDF was mainly released as HCl rather than organic chloride volatiles. The finding is just the same as the polyvinyl chloride pyrolysis process. In addition, pores and channels emerged during the modifying operation and the modified RDF has better combustibility and combustion stability than traditional RDF. This work revealed that low-temperature modification of RDF via microwave irradiation is significant for enhancing the quality of RDF and avoiding HCl erosion of equipment substantially.
Neither Accidental Nor Intended: Pregnancy as an Adolescent Identity Project Among Hispanic Teenage Mothers in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
Authors: Cashdollar Sarah E.
Published: June 2017

Social scientists have dispelled teen pregnancy’s public characterization as inherently pathological and instead frequently study teen reproductive practices as the result of either socioeconomic and cultural constraints or individual processes of identity construction. Through semistructured interviews with 15 young Hispanic mothers in southern New Mexico, I consider both macro-level contexts and individual-level identification processes in understanding teens’ reproductive decision making. Highlighting narratives of sexual and reproductive passivity in the region’s impoverished colonias, I describe how young women in these communities explained their pregnancies as the result of what I have termed sterility cuentos, their boyfriends’ false stories of sterility. I go on to tease apart the contradictory narratives of girls in metropolitan Las Cruces who called their pregnancies accidents despite wanting and planning to become pregnant. Through thematic narrative analysis, I argue that teen pregnancy can be thought of as part of a larger adolescent identity project in which teens in particular social locations reproduce, negotiate, and/or reconstruct various axes of their identities through their reproductive decisions within the context of significant constraints. I conclude by considering implications for teen pregnancy prevention efforts in light of this vast diversity in how Hispanic teens become pregnant and experience motherhood.
Multi-Level Social Institutions in Conflict over Sustainable Development
Authors: Windsor Duane
Published: June 2017

An identifiable research gap in extant literature concerns how social institutions can develop more pro-sustainability attributes. Better collaboration is vital to enabling institutions to function effectively for sustainability. A conceptual scenario approach illustrates how multi-level institutions can be in fundamental conflict concerning sustainable development. A rich complexity of formal and informal institutions functions at global, regional, national, and local levels of human interaction in ways that influence both anti-sustainability and pro-sustainability behaviors, practices, and outcomes. The scenario approach underscores that the balance of anti-sustainability and pro-sustainability attributes is not readily assessed theoretically or empirically as a basis for improving social justice outcomes.
Ethical values in nurse education perceived by students and educators
Authors: Boozaripour Mahsa , Abbaszadeh Abbas , Shahriari Mohsen , Borhani Fariba
Published: June 2017

Background:

Education is considered the first function and mission of the university, and observing educational ethics guarantees the health of the teaching–learning process in the university.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to explore ethical values in nursing education from the perspective of Iranian nursing students and educators.

Research design:

This qualitative study was conducted using the Thematic Content Analyses method. The data were collected from seven semi-structured individual interviews and three focus group discussions from July to November 2015.

Participants and research context:

The participants were faculty educators of nursing and nursing students in Tehran, capital of Iran, who were selected through purposive sampling. They were recruited gradually. Sampling was continued until data saturation when no new codes were extracted.

Ethical committee:

This study was conducted after obtaining the approval of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Ethics Committee, and informed consent were ensured before conducting the research. The principles of voluntariness, confidentiality, and anonymity were respected during the research process.

Findings:

Seven major themes emerged: human dignity, constructive human relations, educational justice, competency enhancement, excellence view, wisdom, and commitment and accountability.

Conclusion:

The results of this study indicated that although many of the values, as universal values, were similar to those of other countries—which can be a reflection of the globalization process in the nursing profession and the presence of humanistic and spiritual approaches at the roots of the discipline, some differences could be found in the content of values due to factors such as the people’s beliefs, culture, and religion. Iranian nursing students and educators revealed a unique and culture-based set of ethical values.
Comparison of Multisegmental Foot and Ankle Motion Between Total Ankle Replacement and Ankle Arthrodesis in Adults
Authors: Seo Sang Gyo , Kim Eo Jin , Lee Doo Jae , Bae Kee Jeong , Lee Kyoung Min , Lee Dong Yeon
Published: June 2017

Background:

Total ankle replacement (TAR) and ankle arthrodesis (AA) are usually performed for severe ankle arthritis. We compared postoperative foot segmental motion during gait in patients treated with TAR and AA.

Methods:

Gait analysis was performed in 17 and 7 patients undergoing TAR and AA, respectively. Subjects were evaluated using a 3-dimensional multisegmental foot model with 15 markers. Temporal gait parameters were calculated. The maximum and minimum values and the differences in hallux, forefoot, hindfoot, and arch in 3 planes (sagittal, coronal, transverse) were compared between the 2 groups. One hundred healthy adults were evaluated as a control.

Results:

Gait speed was faster in the TAR ( P = .028). On analysis of foot and ankle segmental motion, the range of hindfoot sagittal motion was significantly greater in the TAR (15.1 vs 10.2 degrees in AA; P = .004). The main component of motion increase was hindfoot dorsiflexion (12.3 and 8.6 degrees). The range of forefoot sagittal motion was greater in the TAR (9.3 vs 5.8 degrees in AA; P = .004). Maximum ankle power in the TAR (1.16) was significantly higher than 0.32 in AA; P = .008). However, the range of hindfoot and forefoot sagittal motion was decreased in both TAR and AA compared with the control group ( P = .000).

Conclusion:

Although biomechanical results of TAR and AA were not similar to those in the normal controls, joint motions in the TAR more closely matched normal values. Treatment decision making should involve considerations of the effect of surgery on the adjacent joints.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, case-control study.
S(t)imulating Journalism in the Classroom: A Structured Comparison of the Design of Pedagogical Newsrooms in Nordic Academic Journalism Training
Authors: Jaakkola Maarit
Published: June 2017

This article presents a comparison of technical, organizational, and pedagogical structures of six curriculum-related newsrooms in journalism education in the Nordic countries. The newsrooms were selected for comparison on the basis that they had permanent physical facilities and technical channels for publication, and they presented an integral part of the curriculum. To structure this comparison, the concept of the pedagogical newsroom (PN) is introduced, described, and analyzed. It is suggested that a PN is not a direct adoption of a professional newsroom but an attempt to create a critical surplus with regard to the professional newsrooms, more generally reflecting the relationship between journalism education and the professional field of journalism.
Increased Incidence of Critical Illness in Psoriasis
Authors: Marrie Ruth Ann , Bernstein Charles N. , Peschken Christine A. , Hitchon Carol A. , Chen Hui , Garland Allan
Published: June 2017

Background:

Psoriasis is associated with an increased risk of comorbid disease. Despite the recognition of increased morbidity in psoriasis, the effects on health care utilisation remain incompletely understood. Little is known about the risk of intensive care unit (ICU) admission in persons with psoriasis.

Objective:

To compare the incidence of ICU admission and post-ICU mortality rates in a psoriasis population compared with a matched population without psoriasis.

Methods:

Using population-based administrative data from Manitoba, Canada, we identified 40 930 prevalent cases of psoriasis and an age-, sex-, and geographically matched cohort from the general population (n = 150 210). We compared the incidence of ICU admission between populations using incidence rates and Cox regression models adjusted for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and comorbidity and compared mortality after ICU admission.

Results:

Among incident psoriasis cases (n = 30 150), the cumulative 10-year incidence of ICU admission was 5.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.3%-5.8%), 21% higher than in the matched cohort (incidence rate ratio, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.15-1.27). In the prevalent psoriasis cohort, crude mortality in the ICU was 11.5% (95% CI, 9.9%-13.0%), 32% higher than observed in the matched population admitted to the ICU (8.7%; 95% CI, 8.3%-9.1%). Mortality rates after ICU admission remained elevated at all time points in the psoriasis cohort compared with the matched cohort.

Conclusion:

Psoriasis is associated with an increased risk for ICU admission and with an increased risk of mortality post-ICU admission.
Environmental Reporting in a Post Truth World
Authors: Blackall David
Published: June 2017

The science publication Nature Climate Change this year published a study demonstrating Earth this century warmed substantially less than computer-generated climate models predict. Unfortunately for public knowledge, such findings don’t appear in the news. Sea levels too have not been obeying the ‘grand transnational narrative’ of catastrophic global warming. Sea levels around Australia 2011–2012 were measured with the most significant drops in sea levels since measurements began. This phenomenon was due to rainfall over Central Australia, which filled vast inland lakes. It was not predicted in the models, nor was it reported in the news. The 2015–2016 El-Niño, a natural phenomenon, drove sea levels around Indonesia to low levels such that coral reefs were bleaching. The echo chamber of news repeatedly fails to report such phenomena and yet many studies continue to contradict mainstream news discourse. Whistle-blower Dr. John Bates exposed the U.S. National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) when it manipulated data to meet politically predetermined conclusions for the 2015 Paris (Climate) Agreement. This was not reported. Observational scientific analyses and their data sets continue to disagree with much of climate science modelling, and are beginning to suggest that some natural phenomena, which cause variability, may never be identified.
Day Care for People with Dementia: A Qualitative Study Comparing Experiences from Norway and Scotland
Authors: Rokstad Anne Marie M , McCabe Louise , Robertson Jane M , Strandenæs Margit G , Tretteteig Signe , Vatne Solfrid
Published: June 2017

Potential benefits from day care attendance are reported in the literature for both people with dementia and caregivers, although the evidence-base is limited. The study aimed to explore and compare experiences of day care services for people with dementia as described by day care attendees and their caregivers in Norway and Scotland. Whereas day care receives prominence in Norway’s national dementia plan, Scotland does not highlight day care in its national dementia strategy. A qualitative cross-national comparative study was undertaken. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 people with dementia and 17 caregivers in Norway, and 19 people with dementia and 15 caregivers in Scotland. Data were analyzed thematically and comparatively to explore the experiences and outcomes of the participants. Findings indicate positive outcomes from day care for both people with dementia and caregivers. Satisfaction with services related to meaningful activities, getting out of the home, strengthening social connections and careful staff facilitation to create a positive and welcoming atmosphere. There were strong similarities in the content of services and experiences reported in the two countries. Some minor differences were noted, with caregiver support being an area of notable divergence in experiences. Specialist day care for people with dementia seems to provide important support and positive outcomes for people with dementia, and respite and reassurance for their caregivers. More research is needed to further explore the effect of day care designed for people with dementia both on the attendees and their caregivers.
A Fresnel freeform surface collimating lens for LEDs
Authors: Zhu L , Ge A , Ge Z , Hao R , Chen J , Tao X
Published: June 2017

This paper proposes a freeform surface lens design based on the Fresnel model to achieve a compact structure and good collimation. A simulation indicates the lens enjoys an efficiency as high as 88.43% within a half view angle of 2° for 1 × 1 mm2 size LED. This paper makes a comparison of three types of lens, among which the Fresnel freeform lens achieves the best performance when the LED size is smaller than 2.5 × 2.5 mm2. The influence of the LED size and the manufacturing tolerances are discussed.
Ways of Thinking, Being, and Doing: The Scholar-Practitioner Mind-Set for Successfully Innovating HRD
Authors: Tyler Jo A. , Lombardozzi Catherine
Published: June 2017

The Problem

A number of scholars write about scholar-practitioners, including their role, general competencies, and the work processes they undertake. This literature reflects our understanding of the nature of the scholarly practice but does not extend to the consideration of the attitude or mind-set that can distinguish the contribution of scholar-practitioners in the field.

The Solution

In this article, we add to the discourse by considering the mind-set of successful scholar-practitioners who seek to provide a competitive edge to their organizations by transcending trends and conventional wisdom with innovative human resource development (HRD) approaches. We examine a few tenets for developing habits of thinking, being, and doing, and offer practical counsel to support those who wish to adopt a scholar-practitioner mind-set.

The Stakeholders

For individuals who wish to develop and maintain identities as scholar-practitioners, this article provides information that will help them and their leadership team better understand the distinct benefits from integrating scholarship and practice. For organizational leaders, this article sheds light on ways to foster a culture that will support the scholar-practitioner mind-set to yield competitive advantage.
Buddy Needle Technique to Facilitate Retrograde Puncture of Heavily Calcified Tibial Vessels
Authors: Mikelarena Ederi , Ysa August , Lobato Marta , Arruabarrena Amaia , Metcalfe Matthew , Fonseca Juan L.
Published: June 2017

Purpose: To describe a technical trick to overcome a prior failed retrograde puncture of the tibial vessels secondary to arterial calcification. Technique: Following a prior failed retrograde puncture attempt, the needle is left in place next to the artery. The tip of the needle is then moved toward the artery as a lever so that the artery is fixed between the needle, the skin, and the surrounding tissues. With the artery fixed, a standard puncture procedure is performed. Alternatively, if additional support is needed, 2 micropuncture needles are inserted one on either side of the artery, crossing under the target vessel and hence trapping it between them, providing additional support and therefore enhancing the chance of successful arterial access. Conclusion: The buddy needle technique may be considered as an alternative procedure in a retrograde pedal/tibial approach after prior failed standard attempts in patients with heavily calcified vessels.
β-Patchoulene, isolated from patchouli oil, suppresses inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages
Authors: Yang Wen-Hao , Liu Yu-Hong , Liang Jia-Li , Lin Zhi-Xiu , Kong Qiu-Lin , Xian Yan-Fang , Guo Da-Qing , Lai Zheng-Quan , Su Zi-Ren , Huang Xiao-Qi
Published: June 2017

β-Patchoulene (β-PAE) is a tricyclic sesquiterpene isolated from patchouli oil. According to our previous study, β-PAE has anti-inflammatory activity in vivo; however, its anti-inflammatory response still remains unconfirmed in vitro. Therefore, this study is committed to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effect of β-PAE on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. According to our results, pre-treatment with β-PAE significantly decreased the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β while increased the expressions of anti-inflammatory cytokines like IL-10 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) also revealed that β-PAE could interrupt the mRNA expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and thus decreased the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In conclusion, these results indicated that β-PAE exerted potent anti-inflammatory activity by maintaining the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as suppressing iNOS and COX-2 signaling pathways.
A List of Novels for Teaching Business Ethics in the 21st Century
Authors: Michaelson Christopher
Published: June 2017

The use of stories in business ethics education is arguably as old as business ethics education. Recent advances in the psychology of stories show us how stories promote consideration of the human impact of business activity. While several books, journal articles, and other sources provide resource lists of novels and dramas for business ethics education, they tend to draw from a common well of material in the Western canon. Using criteria of length, quality, and relevance, this article provides a list of 12 recommended novels for business ethics education whose authors or characters resemble the diverse participants in 21st-century global capitalism, particularly women and emerging market actors.
Enasidenib induces acute myeloid leukemia cell differentiation to promote clinical response
Authors: Amatangelo Michael D. , Quek Lynn , Shih Alan , Stein Eytan M. , Roshal Mikhail , David Muriel D. , Marteyn Benoit , Farnoud Noushin Rahnamay , de Botton Stephane , Bernard Olivier A. , Wu Bin , Yen Katharine E. , Tallman Martin S. , Papaemmanuil Elli , Penard-Lacronique Virginie , Thakurta Anjan , Vyas Paresh , Levine Ross L.
Published: June 2017

Key Points

Enasidenib inhibits mIDH2, leading to leukemic cell differentiation with emergence of functional mIDH2 neutrophils in rrAML patients. RAS pathway mutations and increased mutational burden overall are associated with a decreased response rate to mIDH2 inhibition.
Outcome of children with acute leukemia given HLA-haploidentical HSCT after αβ T-cell and B-cell depletion
Authors: Locatelli Franco , Merli Pietro , Pagliara Daria , Li Pira Giuseppina , Falco Michela , Pende Daniela , Rondelli Roberto , Lucarelli Barbarella , Brescia Letizia Pomponia , Masetti Riccardo , Milano Giuseppe Maria , Bertaina Valentina , Algeri Mattia , Pinto Rita Maria , Strocchio Luisa , Meazza Raffaella , Grapulin Lavinia , Handgretinger Rupert , Moretta Alessandro , Bertaina Alice , Moretta Lorenzo
Published: June 2017

Key Points

Children with AL given haplo-HSCT after αβ T- and B-cell depletion are exposed to a low risk of acute and chronic GVHD and NRM. The leukemia-free, GVHD-free survival of patients given this type of allograft is comparable to that of HLA-matched donor HSCT recipients.
TGF-β inhibits IL-7-induced proliferation in memory but not naive human CD4+ T cells
Authors: Nguyen Thao P , Sieg Scott F
Published: June 2017

TGF-β is a potent suppressor of T cell activation and expansion. Although the antiproliferative effects of TGF-β are well characterized in TCR-activated cells, the effects of TGF-β on T cell proliferation driven by homeostatic cytokines, such as IL-7, are poorly defined. In the current study, we found that TGF-β inhibits IL-7-induced proliferation in memory, but not in naive human CD4+ T cells. TGF-β impaired c-myc induction in all CD4+ T cell maturation subsets, although the impairment was less sustained in naive CD4+ T cells. TGF-β had no discernible effect on IL-7R signaling (p-STAT-5, p-Akt, or p-S6) in memory T cells but selectively enhanced p-S6 signaling in naive T cells. The inhibitory effects of TGF-β on memory T cell proliferation were partially overcome by chemical inhibition of GSK-3, which also led to enhanced c-myc expression. These data suggest that TGF-β could play an important role in limiting homeostatic proliferation of memory T cells. Our observations also point toward a novel strategy to subvert TGF-β-mediated inhibition of memory T cells by targeting GSK-3 for inhibition.
Παιδαγωγικό υλικό στην σχολική εξ αποστάσεως εκπαίδευση. Μελέτη Περίπτωσης: το εξ αποστάσεως εκπαιδευτικό Κέντρο της Βικτώρια στην Αυστραλία
Authors: Μανούσου Ευαγγελία , Κοντογεωργάκου Βασιλική , Γεωργιάδη Ειρήνη , Κόκκαλη Άννα
Published: June 2017

Στο άρθρο αυτό παρουσιάζεται το θεωρητικό πλαίσιο για τις προδιαγραφέςΠολυμορφικού Εκπαιδευτικού υλικού για εξ αποστάσεως σχολική εκπαίδευση, αλλά και η παρουσίαση και ανάλυση του Παιδαγωγικού υλικού που χρησιμοποιείται στο Κέντρο εξ Αποστάσεως Εκπαίδευσης της Βικτώρια (Distance Education Centre Victoria / DECV), στην Αυστραλία. Συγκεκριμένα μελετήθηκε ενδεικτικά ένα κεφάλαιο από το υλικό που χρησιμοποιείται από το παραπάνω σχολείο για τη διδασκαλία από το 1ο ως το 6ο Επίπεδο - Τάξη του Δημοτικού. Καταγράφηκαν το είδος του υλικού και οι κατηγορίες των δραστηριοτήτων, συνδέθηκαν με τη μαθησιακή διαδικασία και σχολιάστηκαν με συγκεκριμένα κριτήρια. Τα αποτελέσματα της ανάλυσης έδειξαν ότι η αλληλεπίδραση του μαθητή με το παιδαγωγικό υλικό επιτυγχάνεται σε μεγάλο βαθμό με την εκπόνηση εργασιών και δραστηριοτήτων διαβαθμισμένης δυσκολίας. Διαπιστώθηκε, επίσης, ότι τα κυριότεραχαρακτηριστικά του υλικού είναι η αξιοποίηση της διαθεματικής προσέγγισης σε όλα τα επίπεδα, ότι δίνεται έμφαση στην αυτονομία και αυτενέργεια του μαθητή, ότι καλλιεργείται η γραπτή, προφορική, εικαστική, οπτικοακουστική και ψυχοκινητική έκφραση και ότι οι μαθητές έχουν τον έλεγχο της εξέλιξης και της προόδου τους. Το συγκεκριμένο, λοιπόν, παιδαγωγικό υλικό (Π.Υ.) αποτελεί μια εξαιρετικά καλή πρακτική και η μελέτη του ένα πολύ καλό παράδειγμα παιδαγωγικού υλικού.