bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Evaluation of Innovative Enterprise Performance - Construction of BPNN Model based on Improved WOA Optimization
Authors: Cao Huaying
Published: October 2023

With the economic progress, the environment in which enterprises operation is becoming increasingly complex. Intelligent performance evaluation of innovative enterprises is of great significance for their own development. The traditional performance evaluation indicators of enterprises rely too much on their financial indicators, leading producers and operators to pay more attention to the short-term financial performance growth of the enterprise. The long-term development of enterprises is neglected, resulting in weak core competitiveness. Therefore, to better achieve the scientific evaluation of innovative enterprise performance, based on the innovative enterprise performance evaluation index system, an innovative enterprise performance intelligent evaluation model with the whale optimization algorithm optimized backpropagation neural network is constructed. For the shortcomings of the whale optimization algorithm in the operation, the wolf swarm algorithm isintroduced to optimize it. The experimental results show that the evaluation model based on the improved whale optimization backpropagation neural network proposed in the study has very small errors in the evaluation results of different samples, with no more than 3%. This indicates that the performance evaluation index system for innovative enterprises can objectively reflect enterprise performance. This evaluation model can offer a reasonable analysis of enterprise performance, providing reference for intelligent evaluation of innovative enterprise performance.
The Procedure for the Exercise by Parents of the Right and Obligation to Determine the Surname of the Child and its Change
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus, Korotkevich Maria P.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The article discusses the features of the exercise by parents of the right and obligation to determine the name of the child and its change, which are included in the list of personal non-property rights and obligations of parents, evasion of which may lead to deprivation of parental rights. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was philosophical methodology (dialectical method of cognition), general scientific methodology (modeling, logical analysis) and private methodology (comparative legal method, method of interpretation of law). Results. It is determined that the exercise of the right and the fulfillment of the obligation by parents to determine the name of the child takes place when registering the birth of the child. The authority of the father depends on the state of marriage with the mother of the child and the presence or absence of the will to establish paternity on a voluntary basis. In connection with the admission of registration of the birth of a child at the request of other persons, the authority of parents to determine the name of the child should be interpreted broadly. Parents should take steps to register the child’s birth with the civil registration authorities. The change of the child’s surname may take place after the registration of the child’s birth, but before the child reaches the age of sixteen. The procedure for such a change, the conditions that must be observed to change the surname, depend on a number of facts – the family legal status of the parent, the presence or absence of the will of both parents, the age of the child, the presence or absence of the consent of the child who has reached the age of ten. Discussion and Conclusion. Parents exercise the right and obligation to determine the child’s surname when registering the child’s birth with the civil registration authorities. After registering the birth of a child, a change in the child’s surname may take place if he has not reached the age of sixteen. Changing the surname of a child under the age of sixteen is the responsibility of the parents only in the event of a surname change by both parents. In cases where paternity is established on a voluntary basis, when submitting a joint application for registration of the establishment of paternity, the parents in the joint application exercise their right to determine the child’s surname, since the choice from the surnames of the parents is carried out regardless of the discretion of the law enforcement authorities. The powers of parents to change the name of the child are limited by the discretion of law enforcement authorities.
Publications about Scientific Schools in Legal Publications: Statistic Data and its Analysis
Authors:   North-Western Branch, Russian State University of Justice, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Boldyrev Vladimir A.
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Despite the high importance of scientific schools in jurisprudence, there is a lack of objective data confirming or refuting the role of associations of this type for the social sciences. To determine the importance of long-term associations of scientists for conducting research, to demonstrate the effectiveness of various groups of journals that inform the legal community about the importance of collective cognitive activity. Theoretical Basis. Methods. Based on statistical research methods of publications published in the Scientific Electronic Library “eLIBRARY.RU”, the conclusion is made about the importance of scientific schools for conducting research activities in the fields of natural, technical, medical, agricultural and socio-humanitarian sciences. Results. A pattern has been revealed: if the object of study is a person as a biological unit (for medical sciences) or a social unit (for social sciences and humanities), the number of mentions of scientific schools in publications on the relevant topic is generally higher compared to natural, technical or agricultural sciences. The scientific school is of the highest importance for such a fundamental legal discipline as the history of state and law. According to the frequency of appeals to the phenomenon of the scientific school, the science of the history of state and law is closer to the historical sciences than to the legal ones. The importance of collective research in the field of law and collective knowledge of reality is not sufficiently communicated to practicing lawyers in periodicals aimed at the appropriate audience. Discussion and Conclusions. Complex self-regulating systems as objects of research, whose behavior is characterized by the property of low predictability, have another system as one of the tools and measurement parameters – the scientific school and its founder. The society is one of the most complex self-regulating systems, which explains the role played by the scientific school in the field of jurisprudence. Practitioners should be involved in the work of research teams, whose work contributes to increasing the degree of reliability of research results, increases the practical significance and accessibility for the consumer of scientific products.
Optional Price Discrimination
Authors: Fennell Lee Anne
Published: October 2023

Price discrimination generates considerable angst. As merchants develop ever-more-powerful mechanisms for gathering and compiling information about consumers, the specter of fully personalized pricing seems to loom as an ominous threat. Yet a parallel phenomenon quietly coexists with all this distress over tailored prices: models that encourage people to voluntarily contribute, typically in varying amounts, the sums necessary to cover the fixed costs of producing particular goods and services. This Article proposes enabling customers to opt into price discrimination in a more structured way across a broader range of markets. Optional price differentiation can make markets fairer and more inclusive by extending access to more consumers and facilitating provision of a broader array of products and services. For it to do so successfully, however, producers must be able to bind themselves to pricing practices and uses of revenue that are attractive enough to induce participation by both high- and low-valuing consumers, and that are transparent enough to ensure meaningful choice. Government can facilitate experimentation along these lines by setting standards for disclosure and data use, and by policing against fraud and misrepresentation.
The "Independent" State Legislature in Republican Theory
Authors: Tolson Franita
Published: October 2023

The independent state legislature theory provides that state legislatures are not constrained by their respective state constitutions in exercising the authority that the U.S. Constitution delegates to states over federal elections. In its most extreme form, the doctrine permits state legislatures, in overseeing the mechanics of federal elections, to disregard state court interpretations of state constitutions. Scholars have offered a number of criticisms of this doctrine, noting that it runs counter to the Founding Generation’s concerns about the lawlessness of state legislatures; is contrary to historical practice at the Founding; and undermines the constitutional structure in which the more democratically accountable Congress, rather than the states, is vested with final say over federal elections.

This Article contributes to this growing literature by pointing to the constraints, centered in the constitutional text and history, that limit the ability of legislatures to disregard their state constitutions. Specifically, the Electors Clause of Article II, Section 1 provides, “Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress . . . .” This text explicitly raises the question: Who is the “state” on behalf of which the legislature deploys power?

Using this language as its jumping off point, this Article argues that the “state” referenced in Article II, Section 1 refers to its citizens, whose preferences are conveyed to the state legislature through the state’s electorate and in the state constitution. Within a decade of the Founding, the selection of officials by the state’s electorate became central to the theory of republicanism underlying the Guarantee Clause of Article IV, which predicated the legitimacy of government on majority support. By the adoption of the Twelfth Amendment, which changed the structure of presidential elections, political elites viewed republican government as requiring that state legislatures and, to a lesser extent, federal officials, be accountable to the people who elected them, accountability that prevented state legislatures from exercising their authority over federal elections in blatant disregard of the people’s wishes.

The Article concludes that the independent state legislature theory, particularly in its strongest iteration, runs counter to the democratizing effect that the Twelfth Amendment was intended to have on presidential elections. The theory allows the state legislature to disregard the preferences of the people at a juncture in which they are exercising the oversight and accountability at the core of our system of republicanism: during the election of federal officials. Any version of the doctrine, if adopted, has to respect majoritarian preferences.
An intrauterine fetal death alleged as medical negligence: an autopsy-based case report
Authors: Nirmal Kumar E.S  , Sathish. K  , Siddhartha Das  , Avantika Gupta  , Arpan K. Pan
Published: October 2023

Adverse events during the pregnancy deter the mother’s health and raise questions regarding the country’sexistent healthcare. India is among the few nations responsible for two-thirds of all intrauterine fatalitiesworldwide. Intrauterine deaths risk medical negligence lawsuits by the aggrieved family members againstthe treating doctors and the hospital authorities. Fetal autopsy forms a valuable audit of clinical care, enableslearning about such adverse pregnancy outcomes, and assists in administering justice in medical lawsuits. Wediscuss a case of a 30-year-old pregnant female at 38 weeks +1 day of gestation. She was reported to a hospitalwith lower abdominal pain. Per abdomen examination, fetal heart sound was reported to be present, and shewas sent home. She presented with complaints of lower abdominal pain, rupture of membrane, and loss offetal movements the next day and was diagnosed as intrauterine fetal death. The family members alleged it asmedical negligence, and the fetus was sent for a medicolegal autopsy. During the autopsy, skin desquamation ofabout 75% of the total body surface area was present. The umbilical cord stump was dark reddish brown colored.Overriding of the cranial bones was noted. The diaphragm was present at the level of the 4th rib. The lungs werenon-crepitant and had liver-like consistency. Hydrostatic and stomach-bowel tests were negative. Cut sectionsof the lower end of the femur, the upper end of the tibia, and the body of the sternum, calcaneum, and talusshowed the appearance of the ossification centers. Medicolegal autopsy helped answer the investigating officer’squestions and establish fetal age, time since intrauterine death, and whether the fetus was live or dead born.
An Autopsy based Study of Profile of Organ Donors and type of Organs Retrieved in Cases Attended by Faculties of Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Sabvmcri, Bengaluru- A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Vinod Kumar  , Dileep Kumar K B  , Ramesh C  , Satish K V
Published: October 2023

Organ donation is remarkable achievement in modern medicine which helps those suffering from chronic incurable end organ diseases. However, the process of organ donation and transplantation is not devoid of ground level difficulties like timely diagnosis of brain death, harvesting of organs during the supravital period, transporting the retrieved organ to a facility where transplantation is to be conducted and in Medicolegal cases the Forensic Pathologist has to examine the patient and allow/disallow the retrieval of organ based on their necessity in determining cause of death. The Forensic Pathologists can do their bit in expediting the above mentioned process by conducting the autopsy in operation theatre where organs were retrieved. This practice is being followed in Telangana, Tamil Nadu and now in Karnataka. This paper aims to study the profile of organ donors, analyze the types of organs retrieved and to highlight the role of Forensic Pathologistsin expediting the process of organ donation and transplantation.
Economic Analysis of Borrowing, Corruption and Inflation in Nigeria
Authors: Apere ThankGod Oyinpreye , Uche Warlice Joel
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the impact of borrowing and corruption on inflation in Nigeria. with annual time series data over the period 1990 to 2022 obtained from CBN statistical bulletin 2022, World Bank Economic Outlook 2022 were employed. This study employed two distinct analytical techniques namely the Error Correction technique. The results indicate that external debt could result in inflation or reduce inflation depending on the prevailing economic condition. On the other hand, domestic debt has a positive influence on the country’s inflationary woes as increase in domestic debt produces increase in inflation. Also the study finds that corruption increase the cost of goods and services and external debt could result in inflation or reduce inflation depending on the prevailing economic condition. The findings also show that domestic debt has a positive impact on inflation as such, increase in domestic debt increase in inflation. The recommends that in order to reap the benefits of foreign debt and reduce the debt load, the Nigerian government must secure political and economic stability and additionally, the nation's ongoing democracy and the battle against corruption should be maintained.
The Concept and Models of Representation
Authors: Alama Etalong Thomas
Published: October 2023

The model of representation is a theoretical framework that delineates the manner in which elected officials or political representatives are anticipated to advocate for the interests, desires, and necessities of their constituents. This study elucidates various models of representation, each presenting distinct viewpoints on the functioning of this representation. Several prominent models of representation in politics include the trustee, delegate, partisan, and political representatives. The findings indicate that there are several elements that pose challenges to the functioning of representative government. These problems include defection, corruption, and the absence of clear ideological frameworks within political parties. The study concludes by offering recommendations for increasing representative governance through practical means, including the participation of all individuals, the promotion of political equality, and the cultivation of a sense of political responsibility.
Acceptability of Aso Oke as work and casual wear among Tertiary institution female staff in Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria
Authors: Fadipe E. O. , Obiana U. V , Zangina Aishatu Mohammed , Salihu Sarah , Yahaya Bello Asabe
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the acceptability of Aso-Oke for casual and work wear clothes among tertiary institution female staff in Damaturu, Yobe State, Nigeria. Three different types of Aso-Oke; etu, alaari and sanyan were purchased in Oja-Oba market in Ilorin, Kwara State. Three types of garment design were produced from fabrics; gown, skirt suit and straight line skirt. Structured questionnaires were used as instruments for data collection. Most respondents are also aware of the different types of fabrics, but the majority complains that they did not drape well on the body, though they agreed that if it is well designed, it can be used both as casual and work wear. The bulk of the respondents asserted that the majority of fashion designers did not know how to sew fabrics. Hence, they need more training in the methodology of sewing the fabrics, especially the joining of the strip fabrics and the cutting to prevent fraying. It is recommended that people should be encouraged to set up the weaving shed of Aso Oke in Damaturu or any part of the north east. It will help to diversify culture and serve as a means of livelihood.
The Interpretation System of African Languages in the Senegalese Parliament Debates
Authors: Faye Jean Christophe
Published: October 2023

The present work deals with the interpretation system of local languages in the Senegalese parliament. In other words, it is devoted to the implementation of the simultaneous interpretation system in the Senegalese Parliament debates. The Senegalese parliament, in cooperation with the European Parliament and the European Union, implemented, some years ago, a system of interpretation devoted to translating (into) six local languages. But what does the interpretation system consist in? What motivates the choice of six local languages and not more or less than six? Why does the Senegalese parliament implement such system in a country whose official language is French? What are the linguistic consequences of this interpretation system on the local and foreign languages spoken in the Senegalese parliament? How is the recruitment of interpreters done? To answer these questions, we have explored the documents and writings related to the implementation of the simultaneous interpretation system in the Senegalese parliament, in particular, and of the interpretation system, in general. Field surveys as well as interviews of some deputies, some interpreters and other people from the administration have also been organized and analyzed in this study. This research has helped us have a lot of information and collect data for the corpus. After the data collection, we have moved on to data analysis and we have ended up with results that we have presented in the body of the text.
Corporate Overheads and Operational Performance of Brewing Firms in Nigeria
Authors: Eze Eze Ibiam , Inyiama Oliver Ike , Ezugwu Ikechukwu
Published: October 2023

The study examined the effect of corporate overheard on the operational performance of firms in the Brewing Industry in Nigeria. The specific objectives of the study were to ascertain the effect of sales and marketing expenses, administrative expenses, and company income tax expenses on earnings per share of breweries in Nigeria. The study adopted an ex-post-facto research design, covering the period between 2015 and 2022. Secondary data were extracted from the annual reports and accounts of sampled breweries in Nigeria. Multiple regression techniques were used for test of hypotheses. The findings of the study indicate that sales and marketing expenses, administrative expenses, and company income tax expenses do not have a statistically significant effect on the earnings per share of breweries in Nigeria. These non-significant relationships suggest that variations in these expenses do not significantly impact the profitability and financial performance of breweries in terms of their earnings per share. These findings highlight the need for further exploration of other factors that may influence profitability in the brewing industry in Nigeria. The study therefore conclude that corporate overheads does not significantly affect operational performance of breweries in Nigeria. The implication of the finding is that there is a need for breweries in Nigeria to consider a broader range of factors beyond the studied expenses to enhance their profitability and operational performance. The study, therefore, recommends that breweries should consider incorporating additional financial performance indicators, such as return on assets, return on equity, and gross profit margin, to gain a comprehensive understanding of their financial performance and identify areas for improvement. In addition to financial indicators, breweries should focus on non-financial factors like product quality, customer satisfaction, brand reputation, and market share, as these can significantly impact profitability and overall competitiveness. Breweries should analyze all aspects of the value chain, including production, distribution, procurement, and overhead costs, to identify opportunities for cost optimization. Managing cost drivers effectively can improve cost efficiency and enhance financial performance.
Tax Shield and Firms Value of Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria
Authors: Samuel Hope Udoma , Akpan Dorathy Christopher , Nsentip Ese Bassey , Ukpe Essien Amos
Published: October 2023

This study investigated the effect of tax shield on firms’ value of selected manufacturing companies in Nigeria from 2012 to 2021. The dependent variable of this study was firm value which was proxied by Tobins Q, while the independent variables were debt tax shield, depreciation tax shield and charitable donation tax shield. The research design adopted for the study was ex post facto, secondary data were employed, three hypotheses were tested and purposive sampling technique was used. The data for the study were analyzed using ordinary least square regression technique and the statistical tool package used was SPSS Version 20. From the result of the analysis, it was found out that debt tax shield, depreciation tax shield and charitable donation tax shield have significant effect on market value of selected manufacturing firms in Nigeria. Hence, it was concluded that tax shield could be used to optimize the value of manufacturing firms’ in Nigeria. Based on the outcome of this study, it was recommended among others that management of manufacturing firms should consider increasing debt financing, invest more in non-current asset, take advantage of charitable donation as means to enhance corporate image and maintain a proper mix of tax shield in the firm thus bringing overall benefit to shareholders and prospective investors.
Effect of Credit Management Systems on Loan Recovery Efforts of Microfinance Banks in Akwa Ibom State
Authors: Usendok Isidore Godwin , Akpan Anietie Peter , Ajibade Felicia Olufunmilayo , Nkutt Nsikan Michael
Published: October 2023

This study set out to ascertain the effect of credit management techniques on loan recovery efforts by microfinance banks. To guide the study, 3 objectives specific objectives, 3 research questions and three null hypotheses tested at 0.05 alpha levels were formulated. The study covers all microfinance companies operating in Akwa Ibom State. A descriptive survey research design was employed for the study. The population was 85 operations and marketers in microfinance banks in Akwa Ibom State that have been in existence from 2014 to 2017. The sample size was 60 and the stratified random sampling technique was employed. The research instrument used for the study was a researcher- made questionnaire tagged “Credit Management and Loan Recovery Questionnaire” (CMLRQ). The instrument developed by the researcher was face and content validated by three experts in the Faculty of Social sciences, Akwa Ibom State University. All corrections and inputs were built in to the final version of the instrument. The reliability coefficient of the instrument was determined using Cronbach alpha method after the instrument was trial-tested on 20 respondents who were part of the population but not part of the sample. The result showed reliability co-efficient of 0.78. The data generated was analyzed using regression analysis to answer the research questions and to test the null hypotheses at .05 alpha level. It was concluded that Credit appraisal, credit risk control and collection policy were found to be very important in influencing loan recovery. It was recommended among others that Microfinance banks should ensure that credit appraisal is carried out by the technical people who are experienced and competent credit officer in order to stem out those with intolerable credit risk at the earliest possible opportunity.
Influencia Del Dióxido De Titanio En El Concreto Permeable Con Efecto Fotocatalizador
Authors: Fernández Mantilla Jenisse del Rocío
Published: October 2023

El objetivo es determinar la influencia del dióxido de titanio en el concreto permeable con efecto fotocatalizador. La población fue de 63 probetas cilíndricas de 15 x 30 cm y 42 probetas de 9.5 x 15 cm de concreto; teniendo como muestra probetas con diseño convencional (sin adición de titanio), y por los diseños de mezcla utilizando dióxido de titanio, considerando el estado de dióxido de titanio y el porcentaje de este sobre el concreto. Se determinó que los especímenes con 1,5% de TiO2 en fase anatasa presentaron buenos índice de coeficiente de permeabilidad en relación de la muestra patrón, la mayor resistencia a la compresión se presenta en la muestra con 1.5% de TiO2 en fase rutilo, siendo seguidos por los especímenes con 5,5% de TiO2 en fase rutilo y 1.5% en la fase anatasa que también presentaron buenos índice de resistencia a la compresión; la mayor propiedad fotocatalíticas se presentaron en los especímenes con 1,5% de TiO2 en fase anatasa. Se concluyó: la dosificación de 1.5% en la fase anatasa es la más recomendable dado que muestra buen índice de permeabilidad, así como mejoras significativas en la resistencia a la compresión del concreto y en la propiedad fotocatalítica.
Forecast of the demographic dividend dy- namics in Russia: influence of the pension reform and the pandemic.
Authors: Kazbekova Z. G. , Kalabikhina I. E.
Published: October 2023

Population aging is taking place in Russia: the proportion of older people in the total population is rising, which leads to an increase in the demographic dependency ratio. Sanctions in the long term can have a significant negative impact on the growth rates of the Russian economy, which have shown instability in recent years, and in some periods have taken negative values. These trends determine the relevance of this study. The purpose of the work is to predict the demographic dividend in Russia in the period up to 2036, that is, to predict the impact of population aging on economic growth. When forecasting the future dynamics of the demographic dividend in Russia, we identified two effects: the effect of the 2019 pension reform (a phased change in the retirement age) and the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic. According to our calculations, both the pension reform and COVID-19 have a positive effect on the demographic dividend in Russia (as the boundaries of working age are expanding, and COVID-19 supermortality was more observed among the elderly, which changed the share of the working-age population). At the same time, the effect of the pension reform is much stronger than the effect of the pandemic.
Design Of A Semi-Automatic Bread-Making Machine Including Medium Capacity With A Variety Of Baking Temperatures
Authors: Leyn Hermanus Bey Leyn Bey , Riyadi Slamet , Siswadi Siswadi , Setyono Gatot , Muharom Muharom , Kholili Navik
Published: October 2023

The bread machine is also a leverage to increase production capacity and production quality. In contrast to manual bread production, which requires a lot of effort and time, a bread machine makes everything more efficient. The bread machine's output is better than manual production's. Besides that, the hygiene of the bread produced is guaranteed. The device is sterile and safe because all materials are protected with stainless plates, a mixer motor flame that can be adjusted according to needs, and an automatic oven according to requirements. The tray uses hygienic, not harmful to health, and environmentally friendly and pollution-free materials. The level of safety in use is higher because it has appropriate dimensions. The technique for operating a semi-automatic bread-making machine with a production capacity of 4 kg requires 45 minutes with an oven process temperature of 100 ºC to 150 ºC.
Warehouse Management System Design at PT XYZ
Authors: Muhandhis Isnaini , Harianto Putra Ahan Budiarta , Wibisono Dwi Setyo , Ritonga Alven Safik
Published: October 2023

The warehouse is one of the most important parts of a company. Ineffective warehousing processes can disrupt warehouse operations. Recording warehouse transactions that are done manually will require checking one by one on the hardcopy form that has been stored. Therefore, this internship program aims to improve the performance of warehousing operations at PT XYZ. The method used in the analysis is data collection and application system design using the prototype method. The data is taken based on the results of interviews and observations in the warehouse. This activity creates a web-based warehouse management system application to help control incoming and outgoing inventory. The system built makes it easy for administrators to see the number of items made for each event. The results of black box testing show that the application has 100% functionality. The test results illustrate that the application functions properly according to user needs and has been accepted by PT XYZ
Şanlıurfa Adli Tıp Şube Müdürlüğünde Ateşli Silah Yaralanması Sonucu Öldüğü Belirlenen 18 Yaş Altı Olguların İncelenmesi
Authors: DÜNDAR Ahmet Sedat , ALTIN İsmail
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Türkiye’de nadir görülen ancak son yıllarda yaygınlaşan ateşli silah yaralanmalarına bağlı çocuk ölümlerinde; otopsisi yapılan vakalarda sosyodemografik, klinik ve olay yeri bilgilerini incelemeyi amaçladık.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Adli Tıp Kurumu Şanlıurfa Şube Müdürlüğü’nde 1 Ocak 2013-1 Ocak 2023 tarihleri arasında ateşli silah yaralanması sonucu otopsisi yapılan 18 yaş altı 58 vaka belirlendi. Çocukların hastane dosyaları, otopsi raporları, otopsi fotoğrafları ve videoları, vücuttan alınan örneklerin kimyasal analiz raporları, histopatolojik inceleme raporları, olay yeri raporları, tanık-sanık ifadeleri ve bilirkişi raporları geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler, IBM SPSS Statistics vn 20.0 yazılımı kullanılarak istatistiksel olarak analiz edildi.
Bulgular: Türkiye’nin çocuk nüfus oranının ve çocuk ölüm hızının en yüksek olduğu Şanlıurfa’da, ateşli silah yaralanması sonucu ölen çocukların; yaş ortalaması 12.78±4.63 olup %70.7’si erkekti. Ölümlerin %50’si pandemi döneminde (2020-2021) olup, ölümler en sık kışın (%31), kırsal bölgede (%81), ev içinde (%60.4) yaralanma sonucu meydana gelmişti. Yaralanmaların sıklıkla kısa namlulu silahla (%56.9) tek atışta en sık baş-boyun bölgesinden (%48.2) bitişik atış mesafesinden (%37.9) kasıtsız yaralanma (%50) sonucu gerçekleştiği ve tıbbi müdahale sonrasında (%63.8) ölümle sonuçlandığı belirlendi.
Sonuç: Ülkemizde mortalitesi yüksek çocuk ateşli silah yaralanmaları ile ilgili kısıtlı çalışmaların arttırılmalıdır. Ergenlik döneminde meydana gelen ateşli silah yaralanması sonucu ölümlerde psikolojik otopsiler yapılarak intiharlar azaltılabilir. Ayrıca merak ve keşfetme duyguları yüksek erken çocukluk döneminde silahlara ulaşılabilirliğin azaltılmasına yönelik önlem ve eğitimler verilmesi sonucu ölümlerin azalacağına inanıyoruz.
Frobenius Monoidal Functors of Dijkgraaf-Witten Categories and Rigid Frobenius Algebras
Authors:   Cardiff University, UK, Hannah Samuel , Laugwitz Robert ,   University of Nottingham, UK, Ros Camacho Ana ,   Cardiff University, UK
Published: October 2023

We construct a separable Frobenius monoidal functor from $\mathcal{Z}\big(\mathsf{Vect}_H^{\omega|_H}\big)$ to $\mathcal{Z}\big(\mathsf{Vect}_G^\omega\big)$ for any subgroup $H$ of $G$ which preserves braiding and ribbon structure. As an application, we classify rigid Frobenius algebras in $\mathcal{Z}\big(\mathsf{Vect}_G^\omega\big)$, recovering the classification of étale algebras in these categories by Davydov-Simmons [J. Algebra 471 (2017), 149-175, arXiv:1603.04650] and generalizing their classification to algebraically closed fields of arbitrary characteristic. Categories of local modules over such algebras are modular tensor categories by results of Kirillov-Ostrik [Adv. Math. 171 (2002), 183-227, arXiv:math.QA/0101219] in the semisimple case and Laugwitz-Walton [Comm. Math. Phys., to appear, arXiv:2202.08644] in the general case.
TRADITION AND MODERNIZATION: DIALECTICAL TENSIONS IN CREATIVE RELIGIOUS PRACTICES OF THE SUNDANESE URBAN COMMUNITIES
Authors: Zayadi Zayadi
Published: October 2023

This study focuses on the religious construction of Sundanese urban communities in the city of Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, which is characterized by dialectical tensions between the need to preserve tradition and the desire to adapt to modernization. These tensions have led to the emergence of various forms of creative and ambiguous religious and cultural practices. The study is based on ethnographic research conducted among the Sundanese urban communities in Bandung, using literature documentation, observations, and interviews as data collection methods. The study findings reveal that the religious practices of Sundanese urban communities are shaped by the diverse elements of urban life. The religious practices are ambiguous due to the dialectical tensions between preserving tradition and adapting to modernization, rationality and irrationality, personal freedom and communal identity, and cultural wisdom values and exclusive Islamic teachings. The unique urban-cultural religious phenomena, such as urban Sufism, hijra (South Asia) movements, religious-identity politics, or the preservation of Sundanese cultural rites with Islamic content, are examples of the religious creativity that emerges as a result of the communities’ understanding of the application of faith in the midst of ideological cultural traditions and pragmatic interests. The study results offer a sociological perspective on the modern life of Sundanese urban communities, where the application of theological-traditional values of religious teachings and pragmatic-modern values of urban life leads to creative constructions.
Variability of Interplanetary Shock and Associated Energetic Particle Properties as a Function of the Time Window Around the Shock
Authors: Moreland K. , Dayeh M. A. , Li G. , Farahat A. , Ebert R. W. , Desai M. I.
Published: October 2023

We study the effect of sampling windows on derived shock and associated energetic storm particle (ESP) properties in 296 fast-forward interplanetary shocks using Advanced Composition Explorer measurements at 1 au between 1998 February and 2013 August. We vary the time windows from 2 minutes to 20 minutes for the shock properties and from 2 minutes to 540 minutes for ESP properties. Variability is quantified by the median absolute deviation statistic. We find that the magnetic, density, and temperature compression ratios vary from their median values by 17.03%, 20.05%, and 25.91%, respectively; shock speed by 16.26%; speed jump by 45.46%; Alfvénic Mach number by 31.53%; and shock obliquity by 24.25%. Spectral indices in the 2 minute–540 minute windows downstream of the shock vary from the median value of 1.79 by 26.05% and by 30.53% from the 1.70 median value upstream of the shock. Similarity of ESP spectral indices upstream and downstream of the shock suggest that these ESP populations are likely locally accelerated at the shock. Furthermore, we find that for a moving sampling window around the shock, values for the density ratio hold for ∼10 minutes; the magnetic ratio and shock speed jump hold for ∼30 minutes and ∼60 minutes, respectively. Fixing the upstream window to 2 minutes and moving only in the downstream direction, the density ratio holds for ∼60 minutes downstream, magnetic ratio holds for ∼30 minutes, and the shock speed jump holds for ∼110 minutes. Beyond these time windows, derived shock properties are no longer representative of shock properties. These results provide constraints for modeling and forecasting efforts of shock and ESP-associated properties.
Radiative Magnetohydrodynamic Simulation of the Confined Eruption of a Magnetic Flux Rope: Unveiling the Driving and Constraining Forces
Authors: Wang Can , Chen Feng , Ding Mingde , Lu Zekun
Published: October 2023

We analyze the forces that control the dynamic evolution of a flux rope eruption in a three-dimensional radiative magnetohydrodynamic simulation. The confined eruption of the flux rope gives rise to a C8.5 flare. The flux rope rises slowly with an almost constant velocity of a few kilometers per second in the early stage when the gravity and Lorentz force are nearly counterbalanced. After the flux rope rises to the height at which the decay index of the external poloidal field satisfies the torus instability criterion, the significantly enhanced Lorentz force breaks the force balance and drives the rapid acceleration of the flux rope. Fast magnetic reconnection is immediately induced within the current sheet under the erupting flux rope, which provides strong positive feedback to the eruption. The eruption is eventually confined due to the tension force from the strong external toroidal field. Our results suggest that the gravity of plasma plays an important role in sustaining the quasi-static evolution of the preeruptive flux rope. The Lorentz force, which is contributed from both the ideal magnetohydrodynamic instability and magnetic reconnection, dominates the dynamic evolution during the eruption process.
Phase-space Analysis of Ordered and Disordered Nonthermal Ion Energization during Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Yoon Young Dae , Bellan Paul M. , Yun Gunsu S.
Published: October 2023

Anomalous ion heating is frequently observed to accompany magnetic reconnection, yet there is little consensus on its origin. Instead of the usual velocity-space analysis, we use phase-space analysis to exhaustively explain how ions are nonthermally energized during collisionless, antiparallel magnetic reconnection. There are both ordered and disordered aspects in the process; the former is explained in terms of conservative quantities, and the latter is explained by demonstrating chaos through a direct calculation of Lyapunov exponents. The former induces “multibeam-like heating” in all three directions, whereas the latter induces stochastic bulk heating. Profiles of the ion temperature tensor components during reconnection can be easily understood by the phase-space distributions of ions in different motional stages.
Fermi Constraints on the Ejecta Speed and Prompt Emission Region of the Distant GRB 220101A
Authors: Scotton Lorenzo , Piron Frédéric , Omodei Nicola , Di Lalla Niccolò , Bissaldi Elisabetta
Published: October 2023

At redshift z = 4.618, GRB 220101A is the most distant gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected by Fermi/LAT to date. It is also a very energetic event, with an equivalent isotropic energy of 3.6 × 1054 erg. We jointly analyzed the Fermi/GBM and LAT observations of GRB 220101A with two independent approaches and found a significant spectral break at sub-100 MeV energies during the prompt emission. The fast variability of the emission suggests that this spectral attenuation is caused by internal opacity to pair creation. Regardless of the nature of the emission processes assumed in the spectral analysis, we infer a moderate value for the jet Lorentz factor, Γ ∼ 110, and find that all of the high-energy emission was produced above and near the photosphere, at a distance of ∼1014 cm from the central engine. We compare these results with the four other LAT-detected GRBs with similar properties.
Estimating Ejecta Masses of Stripped-envelope Supernovae Using Late-time Light Curves
Authors: Haynie Annastasia , Piro Anthony L.
Published: October 2023

Stripped-envelope supernovae (SESNe) are a subclass of core-collapse supernovae that are deficient in hydrogen (SN IIb, SN Ib) and possibly helium (SN Ic) in their spectra. Their progenitors are likely stripped of this material through a combination of stellar winds and interactions with a close binary companion, but the exact ejecta mass range covered by each subtype and how it relates to the zero-age main-sequence progenitor mass is still unclear. Using a combination of semianalytic modeling and numerical simulations, we discuss how the properties of SESN progenitors can be constrained through different phases of the bolometric light curve. We find that the light-curve rise time is strongly impacted by the strength of radioactive nickel mixing and treatment of helium recombination. These can vary between events and are often not accounted for in simpler modeling approaches, leading to large uncertainties in ejecta masses inferred from the rise. Motivated by this, we focus on the late-time slope, which is determined by gamma-ray leakage. We calibrate the relationship between ejecta mass, explosion energy, and gamma-ray escape time T
0 using a suite of numerical models. Application of the fitting function we provide to bolometric light curves of SESNe should result in ejecta masses with approximately 20% uncertainty. With large samples of SESNe coming from current and upcoming surveys, our methods can be utilized to better understand the diversity and origin of the progenitor stars.
Novel Cosmological Joint Constraints in Multidimensional Observable Space with Redshift-free Inferences
Authors: Hong Wei , Jiao Kang , Wang Yu-Chen , Zhang Tingting , Zhang 张 Tong-Jie 同杰
Published: October 2023

Cosmology constraints serve as a crucial criterion in discriminating cosmological models. The traditional combined method to constrain the cosmological parameters designates the corresponding theoretical value and observational data as functions of redshift; however, sometimes the redshift cannot be measured directly, or the measurement error is large, or the definition of redshift is controversial. In this paper, we propose a novel joint method to constrain parameters that eliminates the redshift z and makes full use of the multiple observables



1
,
obs

,



2
,
obs

,
⋯
,



M
,
obs

spanning in M-dimensional joint observable space. Considering the generality of the mathematical form of the cosmological models and the guidance from low to high dimensions, we first validate our method in a 3D joint observable space spanned by H(z), f
σ
8(z), and D

A
(z), where the three coordinates can be considered redshift-free measurements of the same celestial body (or shared-redshift data-reconstructed model independently). Our results are consistent with the traditional combined method but with lower errors, yielding H
0 = 68.7 ± 0.1 km s−1 Mpc−1, Ω
m0 = 0.289 ± 0.003, and σ
8 = 0.82 ± 0.01 and showing alleviated parametric degeneracies to some extent. In principle, our joint constraint method allows an extended form keeping the redshift information as an independent coordinate and can also be readily degraded to the form of a traditional combined method to constrain parameters.
Controlling the Impact of Bentonite Microbial Communities in Disposal of Radioactive Wastes
Authors: Rose Max , Bailey Matt , Boothman Chris , Engelberg Dirk , Morris Katherine , Shaw Sam , Lloyd Jonathan
Published: October 2023

Disposal in a geological disposal facility (GDF) is the preferred route for the world’s growing inventory of nuclear wastes. Bentonite clay is a common component of the engineered barrier system, serving to isolate and stabilise the high heat-generating waste packages in the geosphere (Stroes-Gascoyne et al. 2010).

Bentonites naturally contain sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) (Haynes et al. 2021), which in the presence of the correct substrates, produce H2S that is highly corrosive to metals (such as steel waste packages). Sulfate, the electron acceptor, is present in most groundwaters, and the corrosion of steel produces hydrogen, an electron donor (Bagnoud et al. 2016). Compacting bentonite on deposition can restrict GDF microbial activity, since swelling pressures upon saturation restrict the available porosity for microbes (Masurat et al. 2010). Additionally, groundwater chemical conditions may impact bentonite mechanical properties (e.g., the effect of salinity on swelling capacity (He et al. 2019), and the energetics of bacterial metabolism (Oren 1999).

This work uses bentonite SRB enrichment cultures to assess parameters that control microbial metabolism, and the relative contribution of microbially influenced corrosion (MIC), versus chemical corrosion of steel (Fig. 1). This will provide evidence to underpin lines of argument and models used in the safety assessments for geological disposal. Experiments described include microcosm incubations containing bentonite slurries across a range of salinity, and pressure cell bioreactors to evaluate the above conditions in the context of a compacted bentonite barrier system. Initial results show that in the presence of lactate as an electron donor, slurry systems with bentonite, low-carbon steel and sulfate-containing groundwater provide the essential nutrients for the proliferation of an MIC-inducing community (Fig. 2). Experiments have also shown that in such systems, increasing the groundwater NaCl concentration inhibits microbial activity during the 3-month experimental duration.

Additionally, SRB have been shown to reduce priority radionuclides, such as selenium (Nancharaiah and Lens 2015). Selenium is a priority radionuclide in high-level waste, and in its highest oxidation states, selenate (Se(VI)) and selenite (Se(IV)), it is highly soluble and therefore mobile in the environment. Early experiments have shown that when an electron donor is present in microcosms containing bentonite and groundwater, bentonite-native SRB may be capable of reducing soluble selenium down to insoluble Se(0), restricting its environmental mobility.