bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Market and Regulatory Coefficients for Determining the Rent for Public Land in Regions
Authors: Samsonov Ruslan A. , Bocharov Sergey N. , Mishchenko Vitalii V. , Kobrin Mikhail Yu.
Published: June 2021

As opposed to international studies, Russian scientists apply multifactorial models with specific coefficients to determine the rent for public lands. This research analyses and summarises the existing theoretical and normative approaches to coefficient calculation covered by domestic literature. We examine two types of coefficients: permitted use of land (K) and categories of land users (K 1 ). Based on the property valuation theory (income and comparative approaches), we demonstrated problems and disadvantages of the methods currently used to determine K and K 1 coefficients. Then, using the economic contract theory, we identified market and non-market (hybrid and hierarchical) regulation mechanisms and distinguished K and K 1 coefficients. Institutional differences of these indicators were theoretically substantiated. As a result, we developed economic algorithms for calculating market (K) and regulatory (K 1 ) coefficients that take into account both types of permitted use of land (for K) and categories of land users (for K 1 ) by considering preferences and restrictions in the field. The elaborated methodology was tested by performing complex calculations, which allowed us to obtain the values of K and K 1 coefficients for 18 local councils located in Pervomaysky District of Altai Krai for 112 types of permitted use of land. Proposed methodological recommendations can be applied for developing municipal programmes in Russia and abroad to increase the effectiveness and transparency of public land rent.
Participation of Kazakhstan Pharmaceutical Companies in Global Value Chains Authors
Authors: Frolova Elena D. , Abdurahkmanova Zulparuza A. , Ishukov Alexander A.
Published: June 2021

Growing interest of national economies in global value chains (GVCs) and the lack of micro-level research brought us to study the integration of countries in GVCs at the enterprise level (using the example of the pharmaceutical industry). We examine the situation in the Republic of Kazakhstan that is beginning to integrate into GVCs. Results of a questionnaire survey of the country’s pharmaceutical companies are considered along with public statistics. We developed a methodology to analyse the participation of a national entity in GVCs at the micro-level (including the enterprise participation in GVCs) and assess the performance of Kazakh pharmaceutical companies. The research is based on export and import data. A hypothesis on the participation of national pharmaceutical enterprises was partially confirmed: several surveyed companies participate in generic drugs GVCs at the production level, thus the value added is low. Features of pioneering entry into pharmaceutical global value chains for countries lacking such integration experience were demonstrated on a specific example. The obtained results can be used by countries starting the process of integration into pharmaceutical GVCs, as well as by Kazakhstan when developing the pharmaceutical industry.
Cone asymptotes of convex sets
Authors: Soltan V.
Published: June 2021

Based on the notion of plane asymptote, we introduce the new concept of cone asymptote of a set in the n-dimensional Euclidean space. We discuss the existence and describe some families of cone asymptotes.
Tekstil Tasarımına Ekolojik Bir Yaklaşım: Lyocell Üzerine Doğal Boyama ve Eko Baskı
Authors: ÖZEN Özge , ERDEM İŞMAL Özlenen
Published: June 2021

Bu araştırmada çevre dostu bir yaklaşımla tasarım, teknik ve estetiğin bir arada kullanıldığı deneysel bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Tekstil, tasarım ve moda sektörlerinde sürdürülebilir ekolojik çalışmalar konusunda artan farkındalıkla birlikte çeşitli doğal boya uygulamaları da güncel hale gelmiştir. Genel bir kanı olarak, doğal boya uygulamalarında daha iyi sonuçlar elde etmek için çoğunlukla yün ve ipek gibi protein esaslı liflerin kullanılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir. Gerçekleştirilen çalışmada ise çevre dostu, yapay ve selüloz esaslı rejenere bir lif olan Lyocell üzerine doğal boyama ve bitkileri şablon gibi kullanarak baskı uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Soğan kabuğu, zerdeçal, kök boya, nar kabuğu, endüstriyel bir yan ürün olan prina gibi doğal boyar madde kaynakları, potasyum alüminyum sülfat (şap), demir II sülfat, bakır II sülfat, kalay klorür gibi mordan maddeleri ile birlikte kullanılmıştır. Sistematik bir yaklaşımla en iyi uygulama koşulları ve sonuçlar belirlendikten sonra bitkilerle birlikte mümkün olan en düşük miktarlarda mordan maddeleri kullanılarak gayet net, canlı, keskin kenarlı ve etkileyici görsel efektler elde edilmiştir. Birbirinden tamamen farklı, özgün ve tekrar edilemeyen bu desenler giysi tasarımları şeklinde sunulmuştur.
Aprender Sobre… Educar Para… O Uso Sustentável Da Água: Uma Proposta Metodológica De Ensino Com Base No Uso Da Água No Passado
Authors: Tomás Helena Margarida , Afonso Margarida , Marques Marta
Published: June 2021

Apresenta-se uma proposta metodológica de ensino com vista a uma maior consciencialização, por parte das crianças e dos jovens, para problemas relacionados com a água que afetam o planeta e a sua sustentabilidade; a proposta visa, assim, contribuir para uma maior e melhor educação para a água. Na proposta dá-se particular relevância a tradições que se relacionam com o transporte e armazenamento da água, permitindo o desenvolvimento de conhecimentos científicos e de competências e a valorização das tradições, dos saberes ancestrais. Embora as tradições abordadas sejam particularmente portuguesas, dão-se exemplos de outros países e, simultaneamente, exploram-se os objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável (ODS), particularmente os ODS 4 - Educação de qualidade - e 6 - Água e saneamento. A proposta de intervenção apela também ao envolvimento dos contextos educativos não formais, como por exemplo o Clube UNESCO Ciência, Tradição e Cultura, de forma a complementar aprendizagens desenvolvidas nos contextos educativos formais.
Cauces con doble función drenaje-riego en la Huerta del Segura (España): una adaptación planeada del regadío a la aridez y penuria hídrica
Authors: Canales Martínez Gregorio , Ponce Sánchez María Dolores
Published: June 2021

El regadío tradicional establecido en las márgenes del río Segura es el paradigma del dominio del medio por parte de los grupos sociales. La implantación de canales de riego (aguas vivas) y de avenamiento (aguas muertas) posibilitó una transformación revulsiva de este territorio para ser colonizado. La reutilización de los caudales de drenaje para regar supuso alcanzar la máxima eficiencia de aprovechamiento en una región semiárida, dar a conocer este hecho y el valor de este patrimonio hidráulico es el doble objetivo de este trabajo. Para ello se aborda un modelo de este ciclo integral del agua con el Azarbe Mayor del Norte, que abastece un sector de las Huertas de Murcia y Orihuela, patrón repetido en otras canalizaciones. El análisis se ha fundamentado en tres fuentes complementarias de información: trabajo de campo, la labor de archivo; finalmente, la revisión de la cartografía digital facilitada por los respectivos órganos gestores.
Komponen Asam Amino dan Aktivitas Enzim Tripsin dari Usus Tuna Sirip Kuning (Thunnus albacares) dan Kakap Merah (Lutjanus campechanus)
Authors: Arbajayanti Rahma Dini , Nurhayati Tati , Nurilmala Mala
Published: June 2021

Jeroan ikan dikenal sebagai salah satu sumber enzim pencernaan yang melimpah, terutama sebagai sumber proteinase pencernaan yang baik, salah satunya adalah tripsin. Jenis dan habitat ikan akan memengaruhi sifat tripsin ikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan komponen asam amino daging dan aktivitas ekstrak kasar enzim tripsin dan usus ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) dan ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus campechanus). Kedua jenis ikan diamati morfometrik dan rasio bobot jeroan ikan. Selain itu komposisi kimia, komponen asam amino daging, dan aktivitas ekstrak kasar enzim tripsin dari usus kedua jenis ikan tersebut kemudian dianalisis... Secara umum ikan tuna sirip kuning memiliki komposisi asam amino yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ikan kakap merah, terutama pada komponen asam amino histidina, leusina, asam aspartat, lisina dan asam glutamat. Komponen asam amino yang paling dominan terdapat pada kedua jenis ikan tersebut adalah asam glutamat.  Enzim tripsin ekstrak kasar usus ikan tuna memiliki aktivitas yang lebih tinggi yaitu 4,908 U/mg dibandingkan dengan ekstrak kasar usus ikan kakap merah sebesar 0,076 U/mg.
Kesulitan guru geografi SMA dalam menyusun soal higher order thinking skills berdasarkan kurikulum 2013
Authors: Putri Ceres Antika , Suharto Yusuf , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: June 2021

Higher order thinking skills are realized through the implementation of HOTS questions which still have difficulties in the preparation. This study aims to determine the level of difficulty, form of difficulty, causal factors, and mapping the difficulties of geography teachers in preparing HOTS questions. The design of this study is a survey with quantitative descriptive analysis and presented in the form of graphics and maps. High school geography teachers in Malang City have difficulty implementing HOTS cognitive level indicators on the items because there is no manual for the preparation of HOTS questions specifically for geography. Based on the results of mapping teachers in public schools have lower levels of difficulty compared to teachers in private schools.

Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi diwujudkan melalui implementasi soal HOTS yang masih terdapat kesulitan dalam penyusunannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat kesulitan, bentuk kesulitan, faktor penyebab, serta pemetaan kesulitan guru geografi dalam menyusun soal HOTS. Rancangan penelitian ini adalah survei dengan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan  disajikan dalam bentuk grafis dan peta. Guru geografi SMA di Kota Malang kesulitan dalam mengimplementasikan indikator-indikator level kognitif HOTS pada butir soal karena belum adanya buku panduan penyusunan soal HOTS khusus geografi. Berdasarkan hasil pemetaan guru-guru di sekolah negeri memiliki tingkat kesulitan yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan guru di sekolah swasta.
Evaluasi efektivitas Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) dalam mereduksi banjir di Kota Mojokerto
Authors: Krisnamurti Didih , Taryana Didik , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: June 2021

Kota Mojokerto merupakan wilayah perkotaan yang sering menjadi daerah langganan banjir yang diakibatkan oleh aliran permukaan (Limpasan). Undang-Undang nomor 26 tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang menetapkan kota wajib menyediakan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) 30% dari luas wilayah, ketentuan penyediaan RTH Kota Mojokerto sudah terpenuhi. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut perlu adanya kegiatan pengkajian evaluasi efektivitas ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) dalam mereduksi banjir kota sebagai upaya dalam pencegahan dan meminimalisir kejadian bencana banjir limpasan yang masih sering terjadi di Kota Mojokerto. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas RTH dalam mereduksi debit limpasan yang terjadi di Kota Mojokerto. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey menggunakan data primer hasil pengukuran infiltrasi dan data sekunder termasuk data curah hujan, DEM, jenis tanah, dan jenis ruang terbuka hijau. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah pengukuran lapangan dan dokumentasi. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis kapasitas infiltrasi menggunakan metode Horton, debit limpasan metode Rasional dan evaluasi efektivitas berdasarkan analisis nilai residu limpasan.Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah diketahui bahwa 8 jenis RTH Kota dinyatakan efektiv dalam mereduksi debit banjir limpasan dengan nilai residu 0 dan daya resap reduksi mencapai 100% dari total limpasan sebesar 124.47 m3/detik. Terdapat 8 unit yang dinyatakan tidak efektif yang berada pada RTH berupa taman rekreasi, hutan kota, jalur pengaman jalan, lahan kosong, lapangan olahraga, lapangan upacara, sempadan sungai dan lahan pertanian perkotaan dengan nilai residu berturut-turut sebesar 35.34 m3/detik, 102.01 m3/detik, 107.33 m3/detik, 64.22 m3/detik, 22.24 m3/detik, 102.73 m3/detik, 115.80 m3/detik, 63.99 m3/detik. Total RTH efektif mencapai 50% dan tidak efektif 50%. Perlu adanya pengelolaan RTH efektif berbasis potensi cadangan air dan penambahan kuantitas RTH tidak efektif terutama berjenis RTH Publik berbasis kebutuhan RTH.
RELAÇÕES ENTRE CISALHAMENTO, MAGMATISMO E ANATEXIA: EXEMPLO DA ZONA DE CISALHAMENTO CRUZEIRO DO NORDESTE, PROVÍNCIA BORBOREMA, BRASIL
Authors: Da Silva Salviano Pereira , Bustamante Andres
Published: June 2021

A extensa trama de zonas de cisalhamento presentes ao longo da Província Borborema, nordeste do Brasil, faz desta região um dos locais ideais para estudar processos crustais que envolvem a formação dessas estruturas, em especial sua relação com corpos magmáticos. As relações de campo, análise microtectônica e modelamento termodinâmico de gnaisses migmatíticos próximos à Zona de Cisalhamento Cruzeiro do Nordeste, no limite entre os Terrenos Rio Capibaribe e Alto Moxotó, mostram que a evolução tectono-termal apresenta relação direta com o alojamento de corpos ígneos alinhados segundo a zona de cisalhamento. A evolução da região inicia-se por um processo de encurtamento crustal associado a um transporte tectônico para NW. Há um notável aumento da temperatura para norte, que culmina no início da anatexia em cerca de ~650°C e ~0.9 GPa. A transição para o regime transcorrente resultou do escape tectônico facilitado pelo enfraquecimento reológico da crosta devido a presença de bolsões de melt associado a uma leve descompressão em aproximadamente 750°C e 0.7 GPa.
Hemşirelerde Örgütsel Sessizliğin Nedenleri: Bir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Uygulaması
Authors: BİLGİN Rıfat , DİĞER Hülya , KAÇMAZ Berivan
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma, hemşirelerde örgütsel sessizlik problemini incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Araştırma örgütsel sessizlik kavramını konu edinmesinin yanı sıra sağlık kurumlarında örgütsel sessizlik konusuna odaklanmaktadır. Araştırmanın evrenini bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesindeki hemşireler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemi ise ilgili kurumda görevli olan 306 hemşireden ibarettir. Bu çalıma için, Fırat Üniversitesi, Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler Araştırmaları Etik Kurulu’nda 15/01/2019 tarih ve 306042 sayılı başvuru ile gerekli izin alınmıştır. Elde edilen veriler betimleyici analizlerin yanı sıra, bağımsız örneklem t testi ile Anova testleri yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre, hastane yöneticilerinin hemşirelerin örgütsel sessizlik nedenleri konusunda önemli rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Percepciones de docentes frente al cambio en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Cardona Liliana María
Published: June 2021

La pandemia producto del Covid-19 ha transformado todos los sectores. En la educación se asumen retos para dar continuidad a los procesos de manera virtual, sin embargo, hasta ahora no trascienden del uso de herramientas tecnológicas que lejos están de constituirse en modelos de educación virtual. Este trabajo se interesó por conocer las percepciones de docentes frente al cambio ocasionado por la pandemia, lo cual orienta el diseño de planes de formación en las instituciones. De igual manera, se presenta un posible modelo de gestión del cambio que puede adaptarse a situaciones y necesidades específicas, con lo cual, se pretende ayudar a directivos de instituciones educativas a conducir adecuadamente los desafíos a los que se enfrentan. Para ello se aplicó un cuestionario en línea a docentes de instituciones educativas de todos los niveles. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de implementar modelos de aprendizaje en entornos virtuales, así como la urgencia de ocuparse de las angustias de los docentes en este momento de transición, a través de las estrategias facilitadoras para el cambio que se presentan el modelo propuesto.
Intracranial chondroma of the falx-cerebi: a clinical case
Authors:   N.N. Burdenko National medical reseach center of neurosurgery, Shevchenko K.V. , Usachev D.U. ,   N.N. Burdenko National medical reseach center of neurosurgery, Shevchenko E.V. ,   N.N. Burdenko National medical reseach center of neurosurgery, Shmigelsky A.V. ,   N.N. Burdenko National medical reseach center of neurosurgery, Galstyan S.A. ,   N.N. Burdenko National medical reseach center of neurosurgery
Published: June 2021

Intracranial chondroma is a rare pathology with the occurrence of 0.1 % to 0.5 % of all primary intracranial tumours. The mechanism of tumour formation outside cartilaginous tissue is controversial. The majority of data point at a very diverse cellular composition of the Dura mater and the tumour may emerge as a result of fi broblast activation. Frequently, the tumour is a manifestation of multiple enchodromatosis (Ollier’s disease) or Maff ucci syndrome. Clinical manifestations of the disease are unspecifi c and generalised. Diff erential diagnosis of the tumour is complicated due to the absence of pathognomonic neurovisualisation characteristics. Th erefore, it is only possible to verify the diagnosis via pathomorphological examination. Chondroma is a benign neoplasm and its complete resection is essential for the positive outcome and longer life duration of the patients. Th e article presents a clinical case of successful surgical treatment of a patient with intracranial chondroma of falxcerebri.
SHOPPING ORIENTATION : SEBUAH PENDEKATAN MEMPREDIKSI MINAT BELI
Authors: Kurniasih Retno , Luhita Tiladela , Wulandari Siti Zulaikha
Published: June 2021

Perkembangan bisnis harus disikapi secara berbeda oleh setiap pihak. Bagi konsumen, maraknya bisnis baru yang muncul semakin menguntungkan mereka, tetapi bagi pemasar pertumbuhan bisnis bisa menjadi bencana karena semakin ketatnya persaingan. Oleh karena itu pemasar harus memahami apa yang menjadi motivasi atau mendorong niat beli konsumen dan melakukan keputusan pembelian. Saat ini perkembangan bisnis batik di Indonesia sangat pesat. Pemasar batik diharuskan pintar mengolah strategi untuk bertahan di pasar, salah satunya adalah dengan mempelajari motivasi belanja konsumen. Motivasi, atau lebih dikenal dengan orientasi belanja diyakini memiliki pengaruh terhadap niat beli konsumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan 100 orang konsumen batik di Purwokerto dan sekitarnya dan regresi berganda sebagai alat analisis. Hasilnya, dari enam variabel orientasi belanja, terbukti bahwa kualitas produk dan belanja impulsif memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap minat beli konsumen.
EVALUATION INTERNATIONALIZATION PROGRAMS OF CREATIVE INDUSTRY MICRO SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) IN PURBALINGGA: AN ANALYTICAL HIERARCHY PROCESS (AHP) METHOD
Authors: Suliyanto Suliyanto , Novandari Weni , Yunanto Ary
Published: June 2021

This study aims to evaluate the program of internationalization of UMKM Creative Industries in Purbalingga . Respondents in this study are the SMEs Creative Industries business people who are considered to have knowledge about the Creative Industry in Purbalingga. Data collection using in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Data analysis used is descriptive qualitative and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the analysis concluded that several factors lead to non-optimal of Creative Industry MSEs internationalization programs sequences was lack of financial, managerial capabilities, lack of information, government support, and the international environment. In order to optimal, Creative Industry of MSMEs internationalization programs should be conducted to use counseling and sustainable facilitation, in which the government and successful entrepreneurs in the international market help entrepreneurs MSMEs creative industries in Purbalingga to succeed in the international market.
Authors: Rahayu Puspita , Pujihastuti Etin , Wijayawati Dyah
Published: June 2021

This research is entitled "Register for Sale and Purchase of Animal Feed at the Wonosobo Main Market as a Reference for Learning Indonesian Negotiation Texts". This research describes the form and function of registers that exist in the sale and purchase of animal feed at the Wonosobo Main Market, and its use as a reference for learning Indonesian negotiating text ”. This research is a descriptive qualitative research. The data in this study are utterances that appear in the sale and purchase of animal feed in the Wonosobo Central Market and contain registers. The registers are in the form of words, phrases, abbreviations and acronyms. There is a register of basic word forms totaling 12 words, registers of affixed word forms totaling 5 words, registers of compound form words totaling 3 words, registers for rephrase forms totaling 1 word, registering for phrases totaling 1, registering for abbreviations totaling 5, and registering for acronym forms totaling 1. Each of these registers has a unique meaning and is known only in the sale and purchase of animal feed. The data obtained can be used in learning negotiation text in class X Senior High School in KD. 3.10 namely evaluating submissions, offers and agreements in oral and written negotiation texts.
The readiness of PJOK Teachers in the virtual learning in Covid-19 era in the Public Junior High Schools of Pegandon, Kendal in the academic year of 2020
Authors: Tryana Risma Ayu , Sunardi Sunardi , Shidiq Abdul Aziz Purnomo
Published: June 2021

This study aims to discover the readiness of PJOK or sport teachers in the virtual learning in the era of covid-19 in public junior high schools of Pegandon, Kendal. This study uses qualitative method with descriptive approach. This approach is chosen by the writer because it describes the situation of particular events based on the facts that appear as it should be. The subjects of this study are 8 PJOK teachers in the public junior high school of Pegandon. This study uses two types of data, namely primary data and secondary data. The data collecting techniques used in this study are observation, questionnaire, and documentation techniques. The data obtained from the result of questionnaire is analyzed and examined its data validity using SPSS 22 program. The result of this study can be concluded that the level of teachers’ readiness in the virtual learning in covid-19 era in the public junior high school of Pegandon can be considered as ready in delivering the learning material virtually. It has average percentage of 75%. For teachers who are considered as not ready in delivering the learning material virtually have the percentage of 25% because there are only 2 teachers who are considered as not ready to deliver the learning material virtually. It is caused by the condition of the schools that are isolated, lack of signal, and other causes It can be concluded that the result of of this study is used as knowledge and application for PJOK teachers in the public junior high school in Pegandon regarding on how to provide the PJOK teaching material or learning material which still run properly and correctly in this era of covid-19 even it cannot be conducted in face-to-face method and must be conducted online. The readiness of PJOK teachers is important for the learning development of students in the application of virtual PJOK learning.
Multifactor Algorithm for Test Case Selection and Ordering
Authors: Gupta Atulya , Mahapatra Rajendra Prasad
Published: June 2021

Regression testing being expensive, requires optimization notion. Typically, the optimization of test cases results in selecting a reduced set or subset of test cases or prioritizing the test cases to detect potential faults at an earlier phase. Many former studies revealed the heuristic-dependent mechanism to attain optimality while reducing or prioritizing test cases. Nevertheless, those studies were deprived of systematic procedures to manage tied test cases issue. Moreover, evolutionary algorithms such as the genetic process often help in depleting test cases, together with a concurrent decrease in computational runtime. However, when examining the fault detection capacity along with other parameters, is required, the method falls short. The current research is motivated by this concept and proposes a multifactor algorithm incorporated with genetic operators and powerful features. A factor-based prioritizer is introduced for proper handling of tied test cases that emerged while implementing re-ordering. Besides this, a Cost-based Fine Tuner (CFT) is embedded in the study to reveal the stable test cases for processing. The effectiveness of the outcome procured through the proposed minimization approach is anatomized and compared with a specific heuristic method (rule-based) and standard genetic methodology. Intra-validation for the result achieved from the reduction procedure is performed graphically. This study contrasts randomly generated sequences with procured re-ordered test sequence for over '10' benchmark codes for the proposed prioritization scheme. Experimental analysis divulged that the proposed system significantly managed to achieve a reduction of 35-40% in testing effort by identifying and executing stable and coverage efficacious test cases at an earlier phase.
Genetic diversity assessment and gene expression analysis of prolonged shelf-life genes in Mangalore melon (Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis var. acidulus)
Authors: Gunnaiah Raghavendra , Shet Ratnakar M. , Lamani Ashwini , Radhika Dattatraya H. , Jagadeesha Rudrappa C.
Published: June 2021

Mangalore melon (Cucumis melo ssp. agrestis var. acidulus) is a non-dessert melon, extensively grown in the coastal districts of South India, but hardly known to the rest of the World. Immature or mature fruits of Mangalore melon are used in preparation of delicious dishes such as vegetable stew, chutneys and curries. They are appreciated for nutritional values, long shelf life and biotic stress resistance. Seventy-nine accessions of Mangalore melon were collected from five states of South India and their genetic diversity was assessed using inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. Putative candidate genes of extended shelf life in Mangalore melon were studied by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in comparison with cantaloupe (Cucumis melo L.). Shelf life varied from 65 days to 300 days at room temperature. Six ISSR primers amplified 142 fragments ranging from 80 bp to 2380 bp with an average of 23.66 bands per marker on a high-resolution capillary electrophoresis system. Neighbor joining phylogenetic tree construction from the ISSR allele similarity based genetic distance revealed two major clusters with 46 and 33 accessions in each cluster. Expression of fruit ripening related genes of ethylene biosynthesis (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase) and cell wall metabolism (polygalacturonase, xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase and expansin) in Mangalore melons was significantly lower than the cantaloupe melon at 180 days after harvest. Mangalore melon is a promising genetic resource for enhancing the shelf life of melons and the putative candidate genes are useful in enhancing shelf life of cantaloupe following validation and conformation.
Wavefront aberrations induced from biomechanical effects after customized myopic laser refractive surgery in finite element model
Authors: Du Ruirui , Fang Lihua , Peng Weijian , Yang Ruizhi , Nie Shifeng , Xiao Huirong , Gong Jiahui , Dai Yu , Deng Jiahao
Published: June 2021

Purpose
A customized myopic refractive surgery was simulated by establishing a finite element model of the human eye,after which we studied the wavefront aberrations induced by biomechanical effects and ablation profile after wavefront-guided LASIK surgery.
Methods
Thirty myopia patients (i.e., 60 eyes) without other eye diseases were selected. Their ages, preoperative spherical equivalent, astigmatism, and wavefront aberration were then obtained, in addition to the mean spherical equivalent error range − 4 to -8D. Afterward, wavefront-guided customized LASIK surgery was simulated by establishing a finite element eye model, followed by the analysis of the wavefront aberrations induced by the surface displacement from corneal biomechanical effects, as well as customized ablation profile. Finally, the preoperative and induced aberrations were statistically analyzed.
Results
Comatic aberrations were the main wavefront abnormality induced by biomechanical effects, and the wavefront aberrations induced by the ablation profile mainly included coma and secondary-coma, as well as sphere and secondary-sphere aberrations. Overall, the total high-order aberrations (tHOAs), total coma (C31), and sphere () increased after wavefront-guided customized LASIK surgery. According to our correlation analyses, coma, sphere, and total high-order aberrations were significantly correlated with decentration. Additionally, the material parameters of ocular tissue were found to affect the postoperative wavefront aberrations. When the material parameters of the sclera remained constant but those of cornea increased, the induced wavefront aberrations were reduced.
Conclusion
All biomechanical effects of cornea and ablation profile had significant effects on postoperative wavefront aberrations after customized LASIK refractive surgery; however, the effects of the ablation profile were more notorious.Additionally,the characteristics of biomechanical materials have influence on the clinical correction effect.
Self-assembling Peptide Discovery: Overcoming Human Bias With Machine Learning
Authors: Batra Rohit , Loeffler Troy , Chan Henry , Sriniva Srilok , Cui Honggang , Korendovych Ivan , Nanda Vikas , Palmer Liam , Solomon Lee , Fry Harry , Sankaranarayanan Subramanian
Published: June 2021

Peptide materials have a wide array of functions from tissue engineering, surface coatings to catalysis and sensing. This class of biopolymer is composed of a sequence, comprised of 20 naturally occurring amino acids whose arrangement dictate the peptide functionality. While it is highly desirable to tailor the amino acid sequence, a small increase in their sequence length leads to dramatic increase in the possible candidates (e.g., from tripeptide = 20^3 or 8,000 peptides to a pentapeptide = 20^5 or 3.2 M). Traditionally, peptide design is guided by the use of structural propensity tables, hydrophobicity scales, or other desired properties and typically yields <10 peptides per study, barely scraping the surface of the search space. These approaches, driven by human expertise and intuition, are not easily scalable and are riddled with human bias. Here, we introduce a machine learning workflow that combines Monte Carlo tree search and random forest, with molecular dynamics simulations to develop a fully autonomous computational search engine (named, AI-expert) to discover peptide sequences with high potential for self-assembly (as a representative target functionality). We demonstrate the efficacy of the AI-expert to efficiently search large spaces of tripeptides and pentapeptides. Subsequent experiments on the proposed peptide sequences are performed to compare the predictability of the AI-expert with those of human experts. The AI performs on-par or better than human experts and suggests several non-intuitive sequences with high self-assembly propensity, outlining its potential to overcome human bias and accelerate peptide discovery.
Characterization of Primary Direct Acting Antiviral Drugs (DAA) Resistance Mutations in NS5A/NS5B Regions of Hepatitis C Virus with Genotype 1a and 1b from Patients with Chronic Hepatitis
Authors: Santos Ana Paula de Torres , Silva Vanessa Cristina Martins , Mendes-Corrêa Maria Cássia J , Lemos Marcilio Figueiredo , Malta Fernanda de Mello , Santana Rúbia Anita Ferraz , Dastoli Gregório Tadeu Fernando , de Castro Vanessa Fusco Duarte , Pinho João Renato Rebello , Moreira Regina Célia
Published: June 2021

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a public health problem with an estimated 71 million infected people worldwide. The high level of HCV replication and its lack of post - transcriptional correction mechanisms result in the rapid emergence of viral variants, difficulty in determining polymorphisms, and variants that contain substitutions associated with resistance and/or reduction of susceptibility towards new antivirals. The aim of this study was to map the polymorphisms in NS5A and NS5B and resistance mutations to new antiviral drugs in HCV strains with genotype 1a and 1b derived from patients with chronic hepatitis C infection. Serum samples from patients who underwent routine viral load tests and monitoring at the laboratory of viral hepatitis at the Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, Brazil were collected. A total of 698 and 853 samples were used for the characterization of NS5A and NS5B regions respectively; comprising HCV genotypes 1a and 1b. The prevalence of resistance mutations in the NS5A region was found to be 6.4%, with Y93H, L31M, Q30R, and Y93N as the main resistance-associated substitutions (RAS). No NS5B- associated RAS was observed for any of the drugs analyzed. This study reveals the presence of significant RAS in the HCV serum samples. These findings support the RAS test should be offered to individuals with poor response to double combination regimens prior to treatment initiation, thereby assisting strain vigilance and selection of effective treatment or retreatment options using DAA regimens.
Acupuncture for Prostatectomy Incontinence: Study Protocol for A Multicenter Single Blind Randomized Parallel Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Yao , Guo Shanqi , Wang Chaoran , Liu Xiaodi , Liu Yan , Shang Hongcai , Yang Peiying , Wang Liang , Zhai Jingbo , Li Xiaojiang , Jia Yingjie
Published: June 2021

Background: Urinary incontinence is a common complication after prostatectomy. Acupuncture is considered an effective treatment for prostatectomy incontinence (PPI), but evidence is still limited. We propose to evaluate the effectiveness of acupuncture in a rigorously conducted trial.Methods: Twenty hospitals will recruit 340 participants with urinary incontinence after prostatectomy in China from April 2021 to April 2022. Participants will be randomly allocated to acupuncture or sham acupuncture with a 1:1 ratio using computerized simple random sampling. The study plan consists of 1-week baseline, 6-week treatment, and 18-week follow up. Eighteen 30-mintute sessions of acupuncture or sham acupuncture treatment will be provided between weeks 1 and 6. The primary outcome is the change in the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) score at the week 6 from the baseline. Secondary outcomes include the change in volume of urine leakage at weeks 4 and 6 from a baseline measured using the 1-h Pad Test;72-h incontinence episode frequency based on a 72-h voiding diary; change in the Expanded prostate cancer Index Composite scale (EPIC-26); change in the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale; weekly consumption of pads; the severity of urinary incontinence based on a 72-h bladder diary and self-assessment of the therapeutic effect. The safety of acupuncture will also be assessed.Discussion: This trial will help to identify whether acupuncture is effective for PPI, and, if so, whether it exerts a therapeutic rather than a placebo effect.Trial Registration: The trial was registered on www.Chictr.org.cn. ChiCTR2100042500. Retrospectively registered on 22 January 2021.
Does a Multidisciplinary Menopausal Symptoms after Cancer Clinic Reduce Symptoms?
Authors: Hollingworth Jade , Walsh Lucy , Tran Stephanie , Ramage Lesley , Patel-Brown Shavita , Ambekar Manju , Weeks Jane , Williams Lucy , Cohen Paul A.
Published: June 2021

PurposeThis study aimed to measure the prevalence of menopausal symptoms in patients attending a multidisciplinary model of care clinic at their initial clinic visit and their subsequent follow-up consultation using a validated patient reported outcome measure to assess whether menopausal symptoms after cancer had improved.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of patients attending the clinic in a 12-month period in 2017 (n=189). Recorded variables included patient demographics, details of index cancer, previous treatments and menopausal symptom management strategies. Severity of menopausal symptoms was evaluated using the Greene Climacteric Scale. The extent to which patients were bothered by symptoms were combined into two categories and dichotomized (present/absent). Differences in symptom prevalence between the initial consultation and first follow-up visit were examined using McNemar’s Test. ResultsThe majority of patients attending the clinic had a history of breast cancer (72%). 55% of patients were prescribed a non-hormonal therapy at their initial visit, most commonly gabapentin. Significantly fewer patients reported being bothered by hot flushes, fatigue, sleep difficulties and loss of interest in sex, anxiety or troubles concentrating at the first follow-up visit compared to their initial consultation (p < 0.01). ConclusionIn this study there was an improvement in self-reported menopausal symptoms in a significant proportion of cancer survivors attending a multidisciplinary menopause clinic between their initial and first subsequent follow-up consultations.
Transglutaminase 3 crosslinks secreted MUC2 and stabilizes the colonic mucus layer
Authors: Sharpen Jack , Dolan Brendan , Nyström Elisabeth , Birchenough George , Arike Liisa , Martinez-Abad Beatriz , Johansson Malin , Hansson Gunnar , Recktenwald Christian
Published: June 2021

The colonic mucus layer is organized as a two-layered system providing a physical barrier against pathogens and simultaneously harboring the commensal flora. The factors contributing to the organization of this gel network are not well understood. In this study, the impact of transglutaminase activity on this architecture was analyzed. Here, we show that transglutaminase TGM3 is the major TGM isoform expressed and synthesized in the colon. Furthermore, intrinsic extracellular TGM activity in the secreted mucus was demonstrated in vitro and ex vivo. Absence of this acyl-transferase activity resulted in faster degradation of the major mucus component the MUC2 mucin and changed the biochemical properties of mucus. Finally, TGM3-deficient mice showed an early increased susceptibility to DSS-induced colitis. Thus, these observations suggest that natural isopeptide cross-linking by TGM3 is important for mucus homeostasis and protection of the colon from inflammation, a suggested pre-stage of colon carcinoma.
Feasibility of a Fast-track Randomized Controlled Trial of Cell-free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy for Patients with Refractory Malignant Ascites
Authors: Yokomichi Naosuke , Imai Kengo , Sakamoto Masaki , Horiki Masashi , Yamauchi Toshihiro , Miwa Satoru , Inoue Satoshi , Uneno Yu , Suzuki Hidekazu , Wada Toru , Ichikawa Yuri , Morita Tatsuya
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Malignant ascites often causes discomfort in advanced cancer patients. Cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) is one treatment modality, but controlled trials are lacking. We assessed the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial of CART vs. paracentesis alone for patients with refractory malignant ascites.Methods: This study was an open-label, fast-track, randomized controlled, feasibility trial. Patients admitted to four designated cancer hospitals who received no further anticancer treatments were eligible. Patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to a CART arm or control (simple paracentesis) arm. The feasibility endpoint was the percentage of patients who completed the study intervention. Secondary endpoints included paracentesis-free survival, patient request on the questionnaire for paracentesis (PRO-paracentesis)-free survival (the period until the patients first reported that they would want a paracentesis if indicated), and adverse events.Results: We screened 953 patients for eligibility. Of 61 patients with refractory malignant ascites, 21 patients were determined as eligible. Finally, 20 patients consented and were allocated; 18 patients (90%, 95% CI: 68.3-98.8) completed the study intervention. Median paracentesis-free survivals were 5 days (95% CI: 2-6) in the CART arm, and 6 days (3-9) in the control arm. Median PRO-paracentesis-free survivals were 4 days (2-5) and 5 days (1-9), respectively. One patient in the CART arm developed Grade 1 fever. Conclusion: A fast-track randomized controlled trial of CART for patients with malignant ascites is feasible. The efficacy and safety of CART should be assessed in future trials. PRO-paracentesis-free survival may be an outcome measure that complements paracentesis-free survival.
The mechanism of artemisinin resistance of Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites originates in their initial transcriptional response.
Authors: Zhu Lei , Pluijm Rob W. van der , Kucharski Michal , Nayak Sourav , Tripathi Jaishree , Nosten François , Faiz Abul , Amaratunga Chanak , Lek Dysoley , Ashley Elizabeth A , Smithuis Frank , Phyo Aung Pyae , Lin Khin , Imwong Mallika , Mayxay Mayfong , Dhorda Mehul , Chau Nguyen Hoang , Thuy Nhien Nguyen Thanh Thuy , Newton Paul N , Jittamala Podjanee , Tripura Rupam , Pukrittayakamee Sasithon , Peto Thomas J , Miotto Olivo , von Seidlein Lorenz , Hien Tran Tinh , Ginsburg Hagai , Day Nicholas PJ , White Nicholas J. , Dondorp Arjen M , Bozdech Zbynek
Published: June 2021

The emergence and spread of artemisinin resistant Plasmodium falciparum, first in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), and now in East Africa, is a major threat to global malaria eliminations ambitions. To investigate the artemisinin resistance mechanism, transcriptome analysis was conducted of 577 P. falciparum isolates collected in the GMS between 2016–2018. A specific artemisinin resistance-associated transcriptional profile was identified that involves a broad but discrete set of biological functions related to proteotoxic stress, host cytoplasm remodeling and REDOX metabolism. The artemisinin resistance-associated transcriptional profile evolved from initial transcriptional responses of susceptible parasites to artemisinin. The genetic basis for this adapted response is likely to be complex.
Cluster Synchronization in a Network of Nonlinear Systems with Directed Topology and Competitive Relationships
Authors: Wang Xin , Zhai Shidong , Luo Guoqiang , Huang Tao
Published: June 2021

This paper studies the cluster synchronization problem of coupled nonlinear systems with directed topology and competitive relationships. We assume that nodes within the same cluster have the same intrinsic dynamics, whereas node dynamics between different clusters differ. In the same cluster, there only exist cooperative relationships, and there may have competitive relationships among nodes belonging to different clusters. Under the assumptions that each node satisfies one-sided Lipschitz condition, and the digraphs of each cluster are strongly connected, some sufficient conditions for cluster synchronization in the cases of linear coupling and nonlinear coupling are obtained respectively. The obtained conditions are presented as some algebraic conditions which are easy to solve. Finally, our results are validated by two numerical simulations.
Bone Damage After Chemotherapy for Lymphoma: A Real-World Experience
Authors: S Mancuso , D Scaturro , M Santoro , G Di Gaetano , F Vitagliani , S Siragusa , S Gonnelli , G Letizia Mauro
Published: June 2021

Background: Despite recent improvements in survival due to advances in treatment, the quality of life of patients with lymphoma may be compromised by the long-term complications of chemotherapy and steroid therapy. Among these, a potentially relevant problem is bone loss and the development of fragility fractures.Aim: To provide further evidence of clinical or subclinical skeletal complications in correlation with biological variables and markers of bone disease in patients with complete response to therapy.Method: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted on subjects diagnosed with lymphoma with subsequent antineoplastic treatment, disease status after therapy defined as complete response disease for at least a year now. We performed: blood chemistry tests, imaging techniques (DEXA) and screening tools for the assessment of functional status and quality of life (SARC-F and mini-OQLQ).Results: Approximately 50% of the patients had osteoporosis. We found hypovitaminosis D and high PTH levels in most of the patients. We also found a high prevalence of vertebral fractures in 65.5% of cases. In the majority of patients, we found hypovitaminosis D and high levels of PTH. Furthermore, a statistically significant association between high PTH levels and previous lymphoma treatment. Finally, the Mini Osteoporosis Quality of Life questionnaire demonstrated a loss of quality of life as a consequence of the change in bone status.Conclusions: Patient treatment design for personalized chemotherapy would be desirable to reduce late effects on bone. Also, early prevention programs need to be applied before starting treatment. The most benefited subpopulations could be not only elderly but also young patients.
Compressing atmospheric data into its real information content
Authors: Kloewer Milan , Razinger Miha , Dominguez Juan , Dueben Peter , Palmer Tim
Published: June 2021

Hundreds of petabytes of data are produced annually at weather and climate forecast centres worldwide. Compression is inevitable to reduce storage and to facilitate data sharing. Current techniques do not distinguish the real from the false information in data. We define the bitwise real information content from information theory for data from the Copernicus Atmospheric Monitoring Service (CAMS). Most variables contain less than 7 bits of real information per value, which are also highly compressible due to spatio-temporal correlation. Rounding bits without real information to zero facilitates lossless compression algorithms and encodes the uncertainty within the data itself. The entire CAMS data is compressed by a factor of 17x, relative to 64-bit floats, while preserving 99% of real information. Combined with 4-dimensional compression to exploit the spatio-temporal correlation, factors beyond 60x are achieved without an increase in forecast errors. A data compression Turing test is proposed to optimize compressibility while minimizing information loss for the end use of weather and climate forecast data.
Trophic level decoupling drives future change in phytoplankton bloom phenology
Authors: Yamaguchi Ryohei , Rodgers Keith , Stein Karl , Timmermann Axel , Schlunegger Sarah , Bianchi Daniele , Dunne John , Slater Richard
Published: June 2021

Anthropogenic climate change is affecting marine ecosystems by altering the strength of phytoplankton blooms and driving shifts in the seasonality (phenology) of productivity. Here, we analyze a new 30-member Large Ensemble of climate change projections to quantify the sensitivity of phytoplankton bloom phenology (initiation, peak timing, and net growth period length) to anthropogenic forcing. Forced changes in the duration of net growth vary widely across the global ocean, with high latitudes experiencing a reduction of up to one month, and the tropics and subtropics experiencing an extension of up to one month. Changes in duration reflect shifts in both bloom initiation and peak bloom timing, which result from subtle decoupling between phytoplankton growth and zooplankton predation driven by temperature, nutrients and light variations. Changes in bloom strength and timing will alter the flow of energy in the marine ecosystem, with implications for higher trophic levels and fisheries.