bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Americanism not globalism will be our credo!’: An analysis of the economic nationalism(s) of Trump's administration and an agenda for further research
Authors: Baltz Matthew J.
Published: February 2021

Donald Trump has often been labelled an ‘economic nationalist’. But what does this mean, and what does his administration's economic nationalism look like in practice? This article argues that ‘economic nationalism’ remains too broad a category to be useful for analysis but can be salvaged if economic nationalists are distinguished by their relationships to the state, namely, by the primary ends to which they seek to use state power and by the organizations of the state they target to achieve those ends. Doing so results in a typology dividing economic nationalism into four variants: militarist, developmental, liberal and populist. Applying this typology to an analysis of Donald Trump's presidency reveals an administration dominated by economic nationalism's populist, liberal and militarist variants. The article concludes by outlining an agenda for future research on the subject.
Nationalism in the neoliberal order: Old wine in new bottles?
Authors: Joppke Christian
Published: February 2021

This paper explores the forms and contents of contemporary nationalism in Europe and North America, what used to be called the ‘West’. This nationalism responds in opposite and sometimes contradictory ways to a neoliberal order of globalization, welfare‐state retreat and a heightened sense of insecurity. I distinguish between populist and statist forms of contemporary nationalism, and within the statist between a compensatory and a constitutive logic of linking it with neoliberalism. Under the constitutive logic, nationalism may adopt certain features of the neoliberal order itself, which yields a ‘neoliberal nationalism’. Nonethnic yet exclusive of those who are not contributing, this is a new entry in the nations and nationalism lexicon.
Positive baseline behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia predict a subsequent cognitive impairment in cognitively normal population
Authors: Tsunoda Keiichiro , Yamashita Toru , Osakada Yosuke , Sasaki Ryo , Tadokoro Koh , Matsumoto Namiko , Nomura Emi , Hatanaka Noriko , Sato Kota , Takemoto Mami , Hishikawa Nozomi , Ohta Yasuyuki , Abe Koji
Published: February 2021

Background

Because behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are sometimes prodromal symptoms of dementia, it is important to investigate the relationship between BPSD and subsequent cognitive decline.

Methods

We examined the cognitive and affective functions of 76 cognitively normal subjects at initial assessment (baseline) and 1‐year follow‐up. Cognitive function was assessed using clinical dementia rating (CDR) and Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE), and affective function was assessed using Abe's BPSD score (ABS) and mild behavioral impairment (MBI).

Results

Although there was no change in MMSE, ABS, or MBI after 1 year, the mean CDR score of 0 at baseline increased to 0.1 ± 0.2 at 1‐year follow‐up (**P < 0.01 vs baseline). No significant change in MMSE was found in both baseline ABS and MBI positive‐ or negative‐groups. In contrast, baseline MBI‐dependent CDR change showed a 13.2% of worsening in MBI‐negative subjects and a 62.5% of MBI‐positive subjects (††P < 0.01), but ABS not.

Conclusion

The present data indicate that positive baseline BPSD with MBI was closely related to a subsequent CDR exacerbation. Examining BPSD may be useful for screening cognitively normal population for subsequent dementia development in local communities.
Spatiotemporal variation in completeness of the early cynodont fossil record and its implications for mammalian evolutionary history
Authors: Varnham Grace L. , Mannion Philip D. , Kammerer Christian F.
Published: February 2021

Mammals are the only surviving group of Cynodontia, a synapsid clade that first appeared in the fossil record in the late Permian, ~260 million years ago. Using three metrics that capture skeletal completeness, we quantify the quality of the early cynodont fossil record in time and space to evaluate the impact of sampling and preservational biases on our understanding of the group's evolutionary history. There is no consistent global sampling signal for early cynodonts. Completeness of the cynodont fossil record increases across the Permian–Triassic boundary, peaking in the Early to early Late Triassic. This peak is dominated by specimens from southern Africa and South America, where a highly seasonal climate probably favoured preservation. Completeness is generally lower thereafter, correlating with a shift from a Gondwanan to a predominantly Laurasian fossil record. Phylogenetic and stratigraphic congruence in early cynodonts is high, although their fossil record exhibits less skeletal completeness overall than other tetrapod clades, including the contemporaneous anomodont synapsids. This discrepancy could be due to differences in the diagnosability of their fossils, especially for small‐bodied species. Establishing the timing and assembly of derived (‘mammalian’) anatomical features in Cynodontia is obscured by sampling. Two of the major nodes at which acquisition of mammalian features is concentrated (Cynodontia and Mammaliamorpha) suffer from lengthy intervals of poor sampling before becoming abundant parts of tetrapod faunas. Low completeness in these intervals limits our ability to determine when certain ‘key’ mammalian characteristics evolved, or to identify the selective pressures that might have driven their origins.
Development of sustainable performance index based on production, reproduction, health and longevity for genetic improvement of Sahiwal cattle
Authors: Ratwan Poonam , Chakravarty A.K. , Kumar Manoj
Published: February 2021

An attempt was made for the first time in India to develop the performance indices for quantifying the relative emphasis to be given to production, reproduction, health and longevity traits for selection and genetic improvement of Sahiwal cattle in a sustainable manner. The study was conducted using information related to various production, reproduction, health and longevity traits spread over a period of 29 years in Sahiwal cattle. Using income and expenditure method, the relative economic values for 305 days milk yield (305DMY), average daily milk yield (ADMY), calving to first insemination interval (CFI), days open (DO) and longevity (LNG) were estimated as 1, 1, −6.62, −6.62 and 5.96 in Sahiwal cattle. A total of three performance indices were constructed using three‐trait combination, that is production, reproduction and longevity before and after excluding the days suffered by the animals. Correlation between the aggregate genotype and index (RIH) was computed to determine the accuracy of each performance index, and based on highest RIH value, best performance index was identified for selection of Sahiwal cattle. Developed indices were further assessed for robustness by increasing the relative economic values of the traits by 25% and 50%. The performance index (305DMY, DO and LNG) was found to be the best index before as well as after excluding days suffered by the animals, but in later case emphasis to be given to different traits was found to be more balanced. The best index indicated that about 47, 42 and 11% relative emphasis to be assigned to 305 days milk yield, days open and longevity for selection of Sahiwal animals for sustainable genetic improvement.
Exchange rate flexibility, the real exchange rate, and adjustment to terms‐of‐trade shocks
Authors: Carrière‐Swallow Yan , Magud Nicolás E. , Yépez Juan F.
Published: February 2021

We study the impact of exogenous terms‐of‐trade shocks in a large sample of small open economies. Using a panel vector autoregression, we estimate the response of domestic variables including the exchange rate, output, exports, imports, and domestic demand, allowing impulse responses to vary according to the de facto exchange rate regime. We find strong evidence that flexible exchange rate regimes play a shock‐absorbing role by reducing the response of output to terms‐of‐trade shocks. Results show that flexible regimes see a stronger response of the real exchange rate and faster external adjustment, suggestive of a mechanism that switches expenditure from imported to domestically‐produced goods.
Assessing Daily Patterns Using Home Activity Sensors and Within Period Changepoint Detection
Authors: Taylor Simon A. C. , Killick Rebecca , Burr Jonathan , Rogerson Louise
Published: February 2021

We consider the problem of ascertaining daily patterns using passive sensors to establish a baseline for elderly people living alone. The data are whether or not some movement, or human related activity, has occurred in the previous 15 min. We seek to segment the broad patterns within a day, for example, awake/sleep times or potentially more activity around meal-times. To address this problem we use changepoint detection which can segment the day into more/less active times. Traditional changepoint detection methods are inappropriate for these data as they fail to utilize the periodic nature of the data. The traditional assumption of conditional independence of the segments also hampers estimation of the within segment parameters. A new within-period changepoint detection scheme is proposed that instead assumes a circular perspective of the time axis. This permits the pooling of evidence of changepoint events from across multiple days. Inference is performed within the Bayesian framework by utilizing the reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo sampler to explore the variable dimension parameter space. Simulations demonstrate that the sampler achieves high accuracy in approximating the posterior while being able to detect small segments. Application to four individuals from our industrial collaborator provides insights to their daily patterns.
Using ordinal regression for advancing the understanding of distinct suicide outcomes
Authors: Jacobucci Ross , Ammerman Brooke A. , Li Xiaobei
Published: February 2021

Objective

As recent advances in suicide research have underscored the importance of studying distinct suicide outcomes (i.e., suicidal thinking vs. behavior), there is a need to consider the theoretical meaningfulness of our statistical approach(es). As an alternative to more popular statistical methods, we introduce ordinal regression, detailing specific forms that are well‐aligned to examine outcomes specific to suicide research.

Method

Ordinal regression models allow for assessment of the influences of covariates on the experience of lower (i.e., suicidal ideation) to higher (i.e., suicidal planning) suicide risk outcomes.

Results

As an empirical application, we fit a sequential ordinal regression model with 17 theoretically selected covariates and modeled category specific effects for each covariate.

Conclusions

Results detailed from depression and presence of nonsuicidal self‐injury demonstrate the utility of ordinal regression in consideration of transitions across suicide outcomes. Ordinal regression models may be particularly informative in identifying risk factors unique to each suicide outcome, which has the potential to meaningfully inform theoretical models of suicide and suicide risk prediction.
High strain rate elasto‐plasticity identification using the image‐based inertial impact (IBII) test part 1: Error quantification
Authors: Fletcher Lloyd , Davis Frances , Dreuilhe Sarah , Marek Aleksander , Pierron Fabrice
Published: February 2021

Current high strain rate testing procedures generally rely on the split Hopkinson bar (SHB). In order to gain accurate material data with this technique, it is necessary to assume the test sample is in a state of quasi‐static equilibrium so that inertial effects can be neglected. During the early portion of an SHB test, it is difficult to satisfy this assumption making it challenging to investigate the elastic–plastic transition for metals. With the development of ultra‐high speed imaging technology, the image‐based inertial impact (IBII) test has emerged as an alternative to the SHB. This technique uses full‐field measurements coupled with the virtual fields method to identify material properties without requiring the assumption of quasi‐static equilibrium.

The purpose of this work is to develop the IBII method for the identification of elasto‐plasticity in metals. In this paper (part 1), the focus is on using synthetic image deformation simulations to analyse identification errors for two plasticity models, a simple linear hardening model and a modified Voce model. Additionally, two types of virtual fields are investigated, a simple rigid body virtual field and the recently developed sensitivity‐based virtual fields. The results of these simulations are then used to select optimal processing parameters for the experimental data analysed in part 2.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐C*01:02:56 and HLA‐C*01:02:57 alleles by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: You Xuan , He Yanmin , Dai Bing , He Ji , Zhu Faming
Published: February 2021

Compared with HLA‐C*01:02:01:01, the alleles HLA‐C*01:02:56 and HLA‐C*01:02:57 each show one synonymous nucleotide substitution.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*35:29:03 allele by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Gatouillat Grégory , Tabary Thierry , Elsermans Vincent , Vandermeeren Felix , Pham Bach Nga
Published: February 2021

HLA‐B*35:29:03 differs from HLA‐B*35:29:01 by one nucleotide substitution at position 374 in exon 2.
Clinical application of the smallI‐Locinterlocking nail in 30 feline fractures: A prospective study
Authors: Marturello Danielle M. , Perry Karen L. , Déjardin Loïc M.
Published: February 2021

Objective

To describe medium‐term functional outcome after nail osteosynthesis in feline traumatology and report clinically relevant recommendations for I‐Loc angle‐stable interlocking nail use in cats.

Study design

Prospective clinical study.

Sample population

Client‐owned cats (n = 29).

Methods

Consecutive cases with femoral, tibial, or humeral fractures were included. Outcome measures included fracture and surgical procedure description, limb alignment, nail size vs body weight (BW), percentage of nail medullary canal (MC) fill, time to limb function at clinical union (CU), and complications. Descriptive statistics were reported and compared with historical data.

Results

Bone distribution was 53.3% femora, 30% tibiae, and 16.7% humeri. There were six epimetaphyseal and 24 diaphyseal fractures. Overall, 67% of fractures were comminuted. Open reduction and minimally invasive techniques were used in 73% and 27% of cases, respectively. Seventeen I‐Loc 3 (cat mean BW 4.4 ± 2.2 kg) and 13 I‐Loc 4 (cat mean BW 5.2 ± 1.2 kg) nails were placed with mean MC fill of ≤50%. Average time to CU was 7.2 weeks. At CU, lameness had resolved or was mild in every cat, and all cats ultimately regained full limb function. No major complications were encountered.

Conclusion

Because of improved CU times, excellent functional outcomes, and low complication rate, our results provide evidence that I‐Loc nails are safe and effective for feline traumatology.

Clinical significance

The I‐Loc may be advantageous for fixation of epimetaphyseal fractures. Because of feline bone specific dimensional constraints, I‐Loc 3 is likely appropriate for all feline humeri and most tibiae, while I‐Loc 4 is well sized for feline femora.
J‐incision to approach the cranial abdomen in the adult horse
Authors: Bauck Anje G. , Nelson Elizabeth , McLain Andrew , Cock Gemma , Sanchez Linda C. , Freeman David E.
Published: February 2021

Objective

To describe a modified celiotomy to improve access to cranial abdominal structures in horses.

Animals

Four horses.

Study design

Short case series.

Methods

Three horses with gastric impactions were treated with gastrotomies. One horse was treated for a diaphragmatic hernia with herniorrhaphy and mesh augmentation. In all horses, the ventral midline celiotomy was modified cranially with a J‐incision through the body wall, along the paracostal arch.

Results

The only surgical complications were midline incisional infections in all horses.

Three of the four horses had good long‐term outcomes; the remaining horse underwent euthanasia for reasons likely unrelated to incisional complications.

Conclusion

The J‐incision improved access to the stomach and diaphragm in these horses. The paracostal component healed in all cases without evidence of infection or dehiscence.

Clinical significance

This modified celiotomy may be considered to improve access during gastrotomy and repair of dorsally located diaphragmatic hernias.
Multivariate analysis of the systemic response to auditory stimulation: An integrative approach
Authors: Muñoz‐Caracuel Manuel , Muñoz Vanesa , Ruíz‐Martínez Francisco J. , Di Domenico Dalila , Brigadoi Sabrina , Gómez Carlos M.
Published: February 2021

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Auditory stimulation produces a response in different physiological systems: cardiac, peripheral blood flow, electrodermal, cortical and peripheral haemodynamic responses and auditory event‐related potentials. Do all these subsystems covary when responding to auditory stimulation, suggesting a unified locus of control, or do they not covary, suggesting independent loci of control for these physiological responses?

What is the main finding and its importance?

Auditory sensory gating reached a fixed level of neural activity independently of the intensity of auditory stimulation. The use of multivariate techniques revealed the presence of different regulatory mechanisms for the different physiologically recorded signals.

We studied the effects of an increasing amplitude of auditory stimulation on a variety of autonomic and CNS responses and their possible interdependence. The subjects were stimulated with an increasing amplitude of auditory tones while the auditory event‐related potentials (ERPs), the cortical and extracerebral functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) signal of standard and short separation channel recordings, the peripheral pulse measured by photoplethysmography, heart rate and electrodermal responses were recorded. Trials with eight tones of equal amplitude were presented. The results showed a parallel increase of activity in ERPs, fNIRS and peripheral responses with the increase in intensity of auditory stimulation. The ERPs, measured as peak‐to‐peak N1–P2, showed an increase in amplitude with auditory stimulation and a high attenuation from the first presentation with respect to the second to eighth presentations. Peripheral signals and standard and short channel fNIRS responses showed a decrease in amplitude in the high‐intensity auditory stimulation conditions. Principal components analysis showed independent sources of variance for the recorded signals, suggesting independent control of the recorded physiological responses. The present results suggest a complex response associated to the increase of auditory stimulation with a fixed amplitude for ERPs, and a decrease in the peripheral and cortical haemodynamic response, possibly mediated by activation of the sympathetic nervous system, constituting a defensive reflex to excessive auditory stimulation.
Extended Fractional-Order Jeffreys Model of Viscoelastic Hydraulic Cylinder
Authors: Ruderman Michael
Published: February 2021

A novel modeling approach for viscoelastic hydraulic cylinders, with negligible inertial forces, is proposed, based on the extended fractional-order Jeffreys model. Analysis and physical reasoning for the parameter constraints and order of the fractional derivatives are provided. Comparison between the measured and computed frequency response functions and time domain transient response argues in favor of the proposed four-parameter fractional-order model.
Design of Transformable Hinged Ori-Block Dissected from Cylinders and Cones
Authors: Jia Guanglu , Huang Hailin , Guo Hongwei , Li Bing , Dai Jian S.
Published: February 2021

Design strategies for foldable mechanisms have been developed with inspiration from origami. In this study, we investigate a new direction that blocks are folded in a way that origami folds as the ori-blocks to generate a new type of foldable mechanisms consisting of multiple blocks. During the investigation, we propose a design approach to construct ori-blocks dissected from cylinders and cones, where “ori” is derived from the word “origami” in its original meaning as “folding”. In this way, we cut the solids into six portions and assign rotation axes to assemble the portions into movable blocks. Interestingly, this connects the Bricard classical linkages developed in 1897 to these ori-blocks with coincidence of the position and orientation of the axes when the blocks are replaced by links. The study bridges the gap between ori-blocks, origami, and mechanisms, which proposes a set of novel reconfigurable mechanisms as ori-blocks. As spatial linkages have been widely used in a broad range of technical fields, we anticipate that ori-blocks will find several potential applications owing to their kinematics in reconfigurability.
Favoring Complexity: A Mixed Methods Exploration of Factors That Influence Concept Selection When Designing for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Prabhu Rohan , Leguarda Rainmar L. , Miller Scarlett R. , Simpson Timothy W. , Meisel Nicholas A.
Published: February 2021

The capabilities of additive manufacturing (AM) open up designers’ solution space and enable them to build designs previously impossible through traditional manufacturing (TM). To leverage this design freedom, designers must emphasize opportunistic design for AM (DfAM), i.e., design techniques that leverage AM capabilities. Additionally, designers must also emphasize restrictive DfAM, i.e., design considerations that account for AM limitations, to ensure that their designs can be successfully built. Therefore, designers must adopt a “dual” design mindset—emphasizing both, opportunistic and restrictive DfAM—when designing for AM. However, to leverage AM capabilities, designers must not only generate creative ideas for AM but also select these creative ideas during the concept selection stage. Design educators must specifically emphasize selecting creative ideas in DfAM, as ideas perceived as infeasible through the traditional design for manufacturing lens may now be feasible with AM. This emphasis could prevent creative but feasible ideas from being discarded due to their perceived infeasibility. While several studies have discussed the role of DfAM in encouraging creative idea generation, there is a need to investigate concept selection in DfAM. In this paper, we investigated the effects of four variations in DfAM education: (1) restrictive, (2) opportunistic, (3) restrictive followed by opportunistic (R-O), and (4) opportunistic followed by restrictive (O-R), on students’ concept selection process. We compared the creativity of the concepts generated by students to the creativity of the concepts they selected. The creativity of designs was measured on four dimensions: (1) uniqueness, (2) usefulness, (3) technical goodness, and (4) overall creativity. We also performed qualitative analyses to gain insight into the rationale provided by students when making their design decisions. From the results, we see that only teams from the restrictive and dual O-R groups selected ideas of higher uniqueness and overall creativity. In contrast, teams from the dual R-O DfAM group selected ideas of lower uniqueness compared with the mean uniqueness of ideas generated. Finally, we see that students trained in opportunistic DfAM emphasized minimizing build material the most, whereas those trained only in restrictive DfAM emphasized minimizing build time. These results highlight the need for DfAM education to encourage AM designers to not just generate creative ideas but also have the courage to select them for the next stage of design.
Crystal Plasticity Modeling of Laser Peening Effects on Tensile and High Cycle Fatigue Properties of 2024-T351 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Toursangsaraki Maziar , Wang Huamiao , Hu Yongxiang , Karthik Dhandapanik
Published: February 2021

This study aims to model the effects of multiple laser peening (LP) on the mechanical properties of AA2024-T351 by including the material microstructure and residual stresses using the crystal plasticity finite element method (CPFEM). In this approach, the LP-induced compressive residual stress distribution is modeled through the insertion of the Eigenstrains as a function of depth, which is calibrated by the X-ray measured residual stresses. The simulated enhancement in the tensile properties after LP, caused by the formation of a near-surface work-hardened layer, fits the experimentally obtained tensile curves. The model calculated fatigue indicator parameters (FIPs) under the following cyclic loading application show a decrease in the near-surface driving forces for the crystal slip deformation after the insertion of the Eigenstrains. This leads to a higher high cycle fatigue (HCF) resistance and the possible transformation of sensitive locations for fatigue failure further to the depth after LP. Experimental observations on the enhancement in the HCF life, along with the relocation of fatigue crack nucleation sites further to the depth, reveal the improvement in the HCF properties due to the LP process and validate the numerical approach.
Experimental Heat Transfer and Boundary Layer Measurements on a Ceramic Matrix Composite Surface
Authors: Wilkins Peter H. , Lynch Stephen P. , Thole Karen A. , Quach San , Vincent Tyler
Published: February 2021

Ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) are quickly becoming more prevalent in the design of gas turbines due to their advantageous weight and thermal properties. While there are many advantages, the CMC surface morphology differs from that of conventional cast airfoil components. Despite a great deal of research focused on the material properties of CMCs, little public work has been done to investigate the impact that the CMC surface morphology has on the boundary layer development and resulting heat transfer. In this study, a scaled-up CMC weave pattern was developed and tested in a low-speed wind tunnel to evaluate both heat transfer and boundary layer characteristics. Results from these experiments indicate that the CMC weave pattern results in augmented heat transfer and flow field properties that significantly vary locally when compared with a smooth surface.
Contributions to the knowledge of Aturidae from China (Acari, Hydrachnidiae, Hygrobatoidea)

Authors: Ao Min , Jin Dao-Chao , Yi Tian-Ci , Guo Jian-Jun
Published: February 2021

Three new aturid species are described and illustrated from China: Woolastookia allobasilicalabrica sp. nov., and Paraxonopsis sutura sp. nov. in the Axonopsinae, and Aturus jixiensis sp. nov. in the Aturinae. The genus Paraxonopsis is a newly recorded genus for the Chinese fauna. Woolastookia allobasilicalabrica sp. nov. is the third species and Aturus jixiensis sp. nov. is the second species in their respective genera from China. A key to the Chinese fauna of Aturidae is provided in this paper. Meanwhile, the diagnosis of Paraxonopsis is revised.
Physical Demands and Internal Response in Football Sessions According to Tactical Periodization
Authors: Guridi Lopategui Ibai , Castellano Paulis Julen , Echeazarra Escudero Ibon
Published: February 2021

Purpose: The objectives of the present study were (1) to analyze the internal and external load profile of training and competition carried out by semiprofessional football players during a 27-week period and (2) to examine the possible link between this type of periodization and players’ fitness status and their readiness to compete. Methods: Training and match data were obtained from 26 semiprofessional football players belonging to the reserve squad of a Spanish La Liga club during the 2018/19 season. For the purpose of this study, the distribution of external and internal load during a typical training microcycle, with 6 or 7 days between matches, was analyzed. Five types of sessions were considered: strength, duration, velocity, preofficial match, and official match. Results: The results showed a different internal and external load profile for each type of session, with the load being consistently higher during matches when compared with training sessions (28.9%–94% higher), showing significant differences in all the variables. There was a clear tapering strategy in the last days of the week to arrive with enough freshness to compete, shown by the decrease of the values in the 2 days before the match (15%–83% reduction, depending on the variable). Furthermore, the horizontal alternation of the load allowed the players to maintain their fitness level during the 27-week period. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that this weekly periodization approach could help achieve a double conditional target, allowing a short tapering strategy to face the match with enough freshness and serving as a strategy for maintaining or optimizing players’ physical performance during the season.
An Evaluation of Training Load Measures for Drills in Women’s Collegiate Lacrosse
Authors: Bunn Jennifer A. , Myers Bradley J. , Reagor Mary K.
Published: February 2021

Purpose: To statistically evaluate the internal and external load metrics in different types of lacrosse drills. Methods: A total of 25 Division I collegiate female lacrosse players wore a heart rate monitor and a global positioning system during preseason training sessions. Seven measures determined training load, 2 internal measures and 5 external measures, across 5 different types of drills: stickwork, small-sided games, individual skills, conditioning, and team drills. Principal component analysis was used to determine which internal and external load variables were most associated with each drill type. Results: Stickwork extracted 2 principal components, explaining 45% and 17% of the variance. Small-sided games extracted 1 principal component, explaining 51% of the variance. Individual skills extracted 2 components, explaining 39% and 22% of the variance. Conditioning extracted 2 components, explaining 44% and 24% of the variance. Team drills extracted 2 components, explaining 52% and 18% of the variance. Conclusions: In 4 out of 5 training modes, the inclusion of both internal and external training-load measures was necessary to accurately decipher training load. For most drills, the first component is related to measures of external load, and the second component described the balance between internal and external load measures. Small-sided games extracted only external measures including the following: accelerations, total distance, and average speed. These results show that a combination of internal and external load measures is required to determine training load during certain training modes. This information can help coaches make decisions about desired training load for practice sessions.
Effects of Daily Hand Activities on Age-Related Declines of Dynamic Motor Function in Individual Fingers
Authors: Aoki Tomoko , Kadota Koji
Published: February 2021

The present study examined the effects of daily activities of the hands on finger motor function in older adults. Maximum tapping frequency with each finger during single-finger tapping and alternate movements of index–middle, middle–ring, and ring–little finger pairs during double-finger tapping were compared between older adults who used their hands actively in their daily lives and those who did not. The active participants had significantly faster tapping rates for the ring finger in the single-finger tapping and the middle–ring finger pair in the double-finger tapping than did the inactive participants. Thus, daily activity of the hands in older adults could be effective at preventing the loss of dynamic motor function in individual fingers, especially with greater difficulty in movement, resulting from the degeneration with age.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Halomonas
sp. Strain KAO, a Halophilic Mn(II)-Oxidizing Bacterium
Authors: Lee Cameron J. , Wright Mitchell H. , Bentley Steven R. , Greene Anthony C.
Published: February 2021

Halomonas
sp. strain KAO is an aerobic, Mn(II)-oxidizing, halophilic bacterium. The draft genome of the isolate contains 47 contigs encompassing 3.7 Mb and a G+C content of 64.22%. This sequence will provide essential information for future studies of Mn(II) oxidation, particularly under halophilic conditions.
In-Frame 12-Nucleotide Deletion within Open Reading Frame 3a in a SARS-CoV-2 Strain Isolated from a Patient Hospitalized with COVID-19
Authors: Lednicky John A. , Cherabuddi Kartikeya , Tagliamonte Massimiliano S. , Elbadry Maha A. , Subramaniam Kuttichantran , Waltzek Thomas B. , Morris J. Glenn
Published: February 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain UF-8, with an in-frame 12-nucleotide deletion within open reading frame 3a (ORF3a), was isolated from a 78-year-old COVID-19 patient in March 2020.
Complete Genome Sequence of Campylobacter hepaticus USA52, Associated with Chicken Spotty Liver Disease
Authors: Wu Zuowei , Sahin Orhan , Zhang Qijing
Published: February 2021

Campylobacter hepaticus
was recently identified as the etiological agent of chicken spotty liver disease. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
C. hepaticus
strain USA52 from the United States. The genome comprises a chromosome of 1,509,100 bp with an average GC content of 28.02%.
Supplemental Material: Mercury isotopes track the cause of carbon perturbations in the Ediacaran ocean
Authors: Fan Haifeng , al. et
Published: February 2021

Detailed geological setting, methods, supplemental notes, Figures S1–S3, and Tables S1–S4.
Remission of long-standing livedoid vasculopathy using a whole foods plant-based diet with symptoms recurrent on re-challenge with standard Western diet
Authors: Smith Morgen , Wright Nicholas , McHugh Patrick , Duncan Bruce
Published: February 2021

A 63-year-old woman presented with ulcerations of both lower legs. Symptom onset was 2006. In 2013 she saw a dermatologist and a biopsy suggested livedoid vasculopathy. In 2016 a whole food plant-based diet (WFPB) was advised as a potential treatment in the community setting. The patient changed her diet accordingly, but was not otherwise treated. The symptoms remitted completely with close adherence to the WFPB diet and recurred on multiple occasions associated with poor dietary adherence. There was a self-identified dose–response relationship with degree of adherence and number and intensity of flares. There were no known adverse side effects from the diet change, although the patient felt adherence to be difficult at times. The mechanism is not completely clear; we speculate that the dietary changes directly affect vascular endothelial health, which in turn affects propensity towards a prothrombotic state. More research is needed to elucidate potential mechanisms.
Prevalence of COVID-19 infection in black people in primary health care, hospital units and intensive care units: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: de Souza Talita Araujo , Silva Pedro Henrique Alcântara da , Galvão Maria Helena Rodrigues , Nunes Aryelly Dayane da Silva , Oliveira Viana Pereira Dalyanna Mildred de , Medeiros Arthur de Almeida , Barbosa Isabelle Ribeiro , Torres Gilson de Vasconcelos
Published: February 2021

Introduction

COVID-19 pandemic has affected people all over the world. In this context, health disparities are already evident in becoming ill and dying from this condition, further accentuating historical racial inequalities.

Methods and analysis

This protocol will be developed based on the recommendations of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. For this, searches will be carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs and ScienceDirect databases searching for cross-sectional studies that assessed the prevalence of black people with COVID-19 at different levels of complexity. All cross-sectional studies that analysed the prevalence of COVID-19 in black people assisted in primary care, hospital wards and intensive care units will be included. The research will be carried out by two independent researchers who will identify the articles; they will exclude duplicate studies. Through blind evaluation, they will select the articles using the Rayyan QCRI application. The instrument proposed by Downs and Black will be used to assess the risk of bias. The meta-analyses will be performed according to the data conditions included.

Ethics and dissemination

For this study’s development, there is no need for an ethical appraisal considering that it is a systematic review that will use secondary studies. This study’s findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications, conference presentations and condensed summaries for main stakeholders and partners in the field. The database search is expected to begin on 1 February 2021. It is expected to complete the entire review process by 30 October 2021

Trial registration number

CRD42020209079.
Endoscopic biliary therapy in the era of bariatric surgery
Authors: Martin Harry , El Menabawey Tareq , Webster Orla , Parisinos Constantinos , Chapman Michael , Pereira Stephen P , Johnson Gavin , Webster George
Published: February 2021

There is an increasing demand and availability of bariatric surgery, with a range of procedures performed, some leading to altered upper gastrointestinal anatomy. The patient population undergoing bariatric surgery is also at increased risk of gallstones and biliary stone disease. Endoscopy (ie, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) is the cornerstone of management of biliary stone disease, but may be challenging after bariatric surgery. In this review the endoscopic, surgery assisted, or percutaneous options that may be considered are discussed, based on the details of surgical anatomy and available expertise.
Mortality after treatment of intracranial aneurysms with the Pipeline Embolization Device
Authors: Kang Huibin , Luo Bin , Liu Jianmin , Zhang Hongqi , Li Tianxiao , Song Donglei , Zhao Yuanli , Guan Sheng , Maimaitili Aisha , Wang Yunyan , Feng Wenfeng , Wang Yang , Wan Jieqing , Mao Guohua , Shi Huaizhang , Wang Kun , Yang Xinjian
Published: February 2021

Background

The Pipeline Embolization Device (PED) is reported to be a safe treatment tool for aneurysms. However, mortality occurs in a few cases, and this has not been clearly studied. We conducted a multicenter study to retrospectively evaluate the causes of, and risk factors for, mortality in patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with the PED.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the prospectively maintained databases of patients with intracranial aneurysms treated by PED placement at 14 academic institutions from 2014 to 2019. Patients’ data, including clinical and radiographic information, were analyzed with an emphasis on mortality-related complications.

Results

A total of 1171 consecutive patients underwent 1319 PED procedures to treat 1322 intracranial aneurysms. The mortality rate was 1.5% (17/1171), and in 1.3% of the patients (15/1171), deaths were caused by delayed aneurysmal rupture, distal intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and neurological compression symptoms associated with PED procedures. Multivariate analysis showed that previous treatment (OR, 12.657; 95% CI, 3.189 to 50.227; P<0.0001), aneurysm size ≥10 mm (OR, 4.704; 95% CI, 1.297 to 17.068; P=0.019), aneurysm location (basilar artery) (OR, 10.734; 95% CI, 2.730 to 42.207; P=0.001), and current subarachnoid hemorrhage (OR, 4.505; 95% CI, 0.991 to 20.474; P=0.051) were associated with neurological complications resulting in mortality.

Conclusions

Delayed aneurysm rupture, distal intraparenchymal hemorrhage, and neurological compression were the main causes of mortality in patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with the PED. Large basilar aneurysms are associated with an increased risk of postoperative death and require increased attention and caution.
First trimester employment, working conditions and preterm birth: a prospective population-based cohort study
Authors: Vrijkotte Tanja , Brand Teus , Bonsel Gouke
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To explore the association between working conditions during first trimester and total preterm birth (PTB), and subtypes: spontaneous PTB and iatrogenic PTB, additionally to explore the role of hypertension.

Methods

Pregnant women from the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study, filled out a questionnaire between January 2003 and March 2004, two weeks after first prenatal screening (singleton liveborn, n=7561). Working conditions were working hours/week, standing/walking hours/week, physical work load and job strain.

Results

Prolonged standing/walking during first trimester was associated with an increased risk for total PTB (OR=1.5; 95% CI 1.0–2.3, after adjustments). Other working conditions were not related to total PTB. The separation into spontaneous and iatrogenic PTB revealed that standing/walking was associated with iatrogenic PTB only (OR=2.09; 95% CI 1.00–4.97). The highest risk was found for the combination of a long workweek with high physical work load (OR=3.42; 95% CI 1.04–8.21). Hypertension did not mediate these associations; however, stratified analysis revealed that high physical work load was only related to iatrogenic PTB when pregnancy-induced hypertension was present (OR=6.44; 95% CI 1.21–29.76).

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that high physically demanding work is associated with an increased risk for iatrogenic PTB and not with spontaneous PTB. Pregnancy-induced hypertension may play a role: when present, high physical work load leads to a more severe outcome.
Sporothrix brasiliensismeningitis in an immunocompetent patient
Authors: Lima Marco A , Vallier Renan , Silva Marcos M
Published: February 2021

Sporothrix brasiliensisusually causes infection limited to the skin, subcutaneous tissue and regional lymph nodes. Contamination occurs through inhalation or accidental inoculation from animal scratches and bites. Meningitis is rare and mostly occurs in immunosuppressed patients. Here, we describe an immunocompetent person who developed chronic meningitis and discuss the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and treatment of this rare condition.
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the ability of level 1 trauma centers to meet American College of Surgeons research requirements
Authors: Madayag Robert M , Sercy Erica , Berg Gina M , Banton Kaysie L , Carrick Matthew , Lieser Mark , Tanner Allen , Bar-Or David
Published: February 2021

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic has had major effects on hospitals’ ability to perform scientific research while providing patient care and minimizing virus exposure and spread. Many non-COVID-19 research has been halted, and funding has been diverted to COVID-19 research and away from other areas.

Methods

A 28-question survey was administered to all level 1 trauma centers in the USA that included questions about how the pandemic affected the trauma centers’ ability to fulfill the volume and research requirements of level 1 verification by the American College of Surgeons (ACS).

Results

The survey had a 29% response rate (40/137 successful invitations). Over half of respondents (52%) reported reduced trauma admissions during the pandemic, and 7% reported that their admissions dropped below the volume required for level 1 verification. Many centers diverted resources from research during the pandemic (44%), halted ongoing consenting studies (33%), and had difficulty fulfilling research requirements because of competing clinical priorities (40%).

Discussion

Results of this study show a need for flexibility in the ACS verification process during the COVID-19 pandemic, potentially including reduction of the required admissions and/or research publication volumes.

Level of evidence

Level IV, cross-sectional study.
Evaluation of dietary-coated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on reproduction performance, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles in lactating sows and suckling piglets
Authors: Wang Huan , Yun Hyeok Min , Kim In Ho
Published: February 2021

A total of 16 sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) were used in a 33-d trial (7 d before expected parturition) to determine the effects of dietary-coated omega-3 fatty acid supplementation on reproduction performance, growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles in lactating sows and suckling piglets. Pigs were randomly allotted into two treatments with eight replicates per treatment, and the parity was 4.9. The dietary treatments were as follows: CON, corn–soybean-meal-based diet [omega-6:omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ratio of 17:1] and TRT, CON + 0.9% omega-3 PUFA (omega-6:omega-3 PUFA ratio of 5:1). The supplementation of coated omega-3 increased piglet’s body weight (BW) (day 7) and average daily gain (ADG) (days 0–7) (P < 0.05) from farrowing to weanling compared with control. No differences (P > 0.05) were observed on reproduction performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profile in sows. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that the dietary supplementation of 0.9% omega-3 PUFA in corn–soybean-meal-based diet (omega-6:omega3 PUFA ratio of 5:1) improved BW and ADG of suckling piglets during the first week.
Short-term exposure to elevated suspended sediment increases oxygen uptake of gilled larval Eastern Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) salamanders
Authors: Unger S.D. , Goforth R.R. , Rhodes O.E. , Floyd T.M.
Published: February 2021

Freshwater ecosystems are increasingly impacted by anthropogenic elevated levels of suspended sediment that may negatively affect aquatic organisms, including salamanders. Although increasing fine sediment in streams has been suggested as a reason for population declines, to date no study has empirically assessed the effect of suspended sediment on gilled larval Eastern Hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (Sonnini de Manoncourt and Latreille, 1801)), a critical life-history stage and a species of conservation concern. We used custom respirometers to elucidate effects of suspended sediments on larval Eastern Hellbender oxygen uptake in trials conducted in situ in Georgia (USA) streams. Mean oxygen uptake increased and was significantly higher in trials when larval salamanders were exposed to suspended sediment (mean = 5.06 mg O2/L for 800 mg/L of sediment treatment vs. 2.25 mg O2/L for 0.00 mg/L of sediment control). This may indicate elevated physiological stress in response to short-term exposure to suspended sediments. Qualitatively, individuals in both groups exhibited rocking behavior in response to low oxygen (hypoxia), albeit at different frequencies (sediment exposure = 7.6 rocks/min and control = 2.1 rocks/min). Larval salamanders may be able to temporarily compensate for low oxygen through increased rocking behavior when high suspended sediment loads are present, with future respirometry research needed.
Coarse Grained Parallel Selection
Authors: Boxer Laurence
Published: February 2021

Several efficient, but non-optimal, solutions to the Selection Problem on coarse grained parallel computers have appeared in the literature. We consider the example of the Saukas-Song algorithm; we analyze it without expressing the running time in terms of communication rounds. This shows that while in the best case the Saukas-Song algorithm runs in asymptotically optimal time, in general it does not. We propose another algorithm for coarse grained selection that has optimal expected running time.