bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural Mechanisms of Cognitive Dissonance (Revised): An EEG Study
Authors: Colosio Marco , Shestakova Anna , Nikulin Vadim V. , Blagovechtchenski Evgeny , Klucharev Vasily
Published: April 2017

Cognitive dissonance theory suggests that our preferences are modulated by the mere act of choosing. A choice between two similarly valued alternatives creates psychological tension (cognitive dissonance) that is reduced by a postdecisional reevaluation of the alternatives. We measured EEG of human subjects during rest and free-choice paradigm. Our study demonstrates that choices associated with stronger cognitive dissonance trigger a larger negative frontocentral evoked response similar to error-related negativity, which has in turn been implicated in general performance monitoring. Furthermore, the amplitude of the evoked response is correlated with the reevaluation of the alternatives. We also found a link between individual neural dynamics (long-range temporal correlations) of the frontocentral cortices during rest and follow-up neural and behavioral effects of cognitive dissonance. Individuals with stronger resting-state long-range temporal correlations demonstrated a greater postdecisional reevaluation of the alternatives and larger evoked brain responses associated with stronger cognitive dissonance. Thus, our results suggest that cognitive dissonance is reflected in both resting-state and choice-related activity of the prefrontal cortex as part of the general performance-monitoring circuitry.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTContrary to traditional decision theory, behavioral studies repeatedly demonstrate that our preferences are modulated by the mere act of choosing. Difficult choices generate psychological (cognitive) dissonance, which is reduced by the postdecisional devaluation of unchosen options. We found that decisions associated with a higher level of cognitive dissonance elicited a stronger negative frontocentral deflection that peaked ∼60 ms after the response. This activity shares similar spatial and temporal features as error-related negativity, the electrophysiological correlate of performance monitoring. Furthermore, the frontocentral resting-state activity predicted the individual magnitude of preference change and the strength of cognitive dissonance-related neural activity.
Intracellular,In Vivo, Dynamics of Thalamocortical Synapses in Visual Cortex
Authors: Sedigh-Sarvestani Madineh , Vigeland Leif , Fernandez-Lamo Ivan , Taylor M. Morgan , Palmer Larry A. , Contreras Diego
Published: April 2017

Seminal studies of the thalamocortical circuit in the visual system of the cat have been central to our understanding of sensory encoding. However, thalamocortical synaptic properties remain poorly understood. We used paired recordings, in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) and primary visual cortex (V1), to provide the firstin vivocharacterization of sensory-driven thalamocortical potentials in V1. The amplitudes of EPSPs we characterized were smaller than those previously reportedin vitro. Consistent with prior findings, connected LGN-V1 pairs were only found when their receptive fields (RFs) overlapped, and the probability of connection increased steeply with degree of RF overlap and response similarity. However, surprisingly, we found no relationship between EPSP amplitudes and the similarity of RFs or responses, suggesting different connectivity models for intracortical and thalamocortical circuits. Putative excitatory regular-spiking (RS) and inhibitory fast-spiking (FS) V1 cells had similar EPSP characteristics, showing that in the visual system, feedforward excitation and inhibition are driven with equal strength by the thalamus. Similar to observations in the somatosensory cortex, FS V1 cells received less specific input from LGN. Finally, orientation tuning in V1 was not inherited from single presynaptic LGN cells, suggesting that it must emerge exclusively from the combined input of all presynaptic LGN cells. Our results help to decipher early visual encoding circuits and have immediate utility in providing physiological constraints to computational models of the visual system.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo understand how the brain encodes the visual environment, we must understand the transfer of visual signals between various regions of the brain. Therefore, understanding synaptic dynamics is critical to our understanding of sensory encoding. This study provides the first characterization of visually evoked synaptic potentials between the visual thalamus and visual cortex in an intact animal. To record these potentials, we simultaneously recorded the extracellular potential of presynaptic thalamic cells and the intracellular potential of postsynaptic cortical cells in input layers of primary visual cortex. Our characterization of synaptic potentialsin vivodisagreed with prior findingsin vitro. This study will increase our understanding of thalamocortical circuits and will improve computational models of visual encoding.
The Severity of Vestibular Dysfunction in Deafness as a Determinant of Comorbid Hyperactivity or Anxiety
Authors: Antoine Michelle W. , Vijayakumar Sarath , McKeehan Nicholas , Jones Sherri M. , Hébert Jean M.
Published: April 2017

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and anxiety-related disorders occur at rates 2–3 times higher in deaf compared with hearing children. Potential explanations for these elevated rates and the heterogeneity of behavioral disorders associated with deafness have usually focused on socio-environmental rather than biological effects. Children with the 22q11.2 deletion or duplication syndromes often display hearing loss and behavioral disorders, including ADHD and anxiety-related disorders. Here, we show that mouse mutants with either a gain or loss of function of the T-Box transcription factor gene,Tbx1, which lies within the 22q11.2 region and is responsible for most of the syndromic defects, exhibit inner ear defects and hyperactivity. Furthermore, we show that (1) inner ear dysfunction due to the tissue-specific loss ofTbx1orSlc12a2, which encodes a sodium-potassium-chloride cotransporter and is also necessary for inner ear function, causes hyperactivity; (2) vestibular rather than auditory failure causes hyperactivity; and (3) the severity rather than the age of onset of vestibular dysfunction differentiates whether hyperactivity or anxiety co-occurs with inner ear dysfunction. Together, these findings highlight a biological link between inner ear dysfunction and behavioral disorders and how sensory abnormalities can contribute to the etiology of disorders traditionally considered of cerebral origin.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study examines the biological rather than socio-environmental reasons why hyperactivity and anxiety disorders occur at higher rates in deaf individuals. Using conditional genetic approaches in mice, the authors show that (1) inner ear dysfunction due to eitherTbx1orSlc12a2mutations cause hyperactivity; (2) it is vestibular dysfunction, which frequently co-occurs with deafness but often remains undiagnosed, rather than auditory dysfunction that causes hyperactivity and anxiety-related symptoms; and (3) the severity of vestibular dysfunction can predict whether hyperactivity or anxiety coexist with inner ear dysfunction. These findings suggest a need to evaluate vestibular function in hearing impaired individuals, especially those who exhibit hyperactive and anxiety-related symptoms.
Immune-Induced Fever Is Dependent on Local But Not Generalized Prostaglandin E2Synthesis in the Brain
Authors: Eskilsson Anna , Matsuwaki Takashi , Shionoya Kiseko , Mirrasekhian Elahe , Zajdel Joanna , Schwaninger Markus , Engblom David , Blomqvist Anders
Published: April 2017

Fever occurs upon binding of prostaglandin E2(PGE2) to EP3receptors in the median preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, but the origin of the pyrogenic PGE2has not been clearly determined. Here, using mice of both sexes, we examined the role of local versus generalized PGE2production in the brain for the febrile response. In wild-type mice and in mice with genetic deletion of the prostaglandin synthesizing enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 in the brain endothelium, generated with an inducible CreERT2under theSlco1c1promoter, PGE2levels in the CSF were only weakly related to the magnitude of the febrile response, whereas the PGE2synthesizing capacity in the hypothalamus, as reflected in the levels of cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA, showed strong correlation with the immune-induced fever. Histological analysis showed that the deletion of cyclooxygenase-2 in brain endothelial cells occurred preferentially in small- and medium-sized vessels deep in the brain parenchyma, such as in the hypothalamus, whereas larger vessels, and particularly those close to the neocortical surface and in the meninges, were left unaffected, hence leaving PGE2synthesis largely intact in major parts of the brain while significantly reducing it in the region critical for the febrile response. Furthermore, injection of a virus vector expressing microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1 (mPGES-1) into the median preoptic nucleus of fever-refractive mPGES-1 knock-out mice, resulted in a temperature elevation in response to LPS. We conclude that the febrile response is dependent on local release of PGE2onto its target neurons and not on the overall PGE2production in the brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBy using mice with selective deletion of prostaglandin synthesis in brain endothelial cells, we demonstrate that local prostaglandin E2(PGE2) production in deep brain areas, such as the hypothalamus, which is the site of thermoregulatory neurons, is critical for the febrile response to peripheral inflammation. In contrast, PGE2production in other brain areas and the overall PGE2level in the brain do not influence the febrile response. Furthermore, partly restoring the PGE2synthesizing capacity in the anterior hypothalamus of mice lacking such capacity with a lentiviral vector resulted in a temperature elevation in response to LPS. These data imply that the febrile response is dependent on the local release of PGE2onto its target neurons, possibly by a paracrine mechanism.
Service Learning as Inquiry in an Undergraduate Science Course
Authors: Bernot Kelsie M. , Kulesza Amy E. , Ridgway Judith S.
Published: April 2017

To engage students in applying scientific process skills to real-world issues, we implemented a service-learning project model in our undergraduate introductory biology course for science majors. This model illustrates how we integrate inquiry inside and outside of the classroom through four steps: service, learning, classroom, and community. Out-of-class activities engaged students in serving the community (Service step) while deepening their learning experience beyond what they would learn in a classroom (Learning step). To connect the service-learning project with scientific process skills, students were asked to identify problems that our community partners were trying to solve, identify proposed solutions, and design ways to evaluate those solutions (Classroom step). Additionally, students connected their service-learning topic with core concepts in Biology. After their service, students used metrics to analyze their impact. Students then synthesized the connection between their service, learning, and classroom projects by presenting their findings to the scientific and lay communities through a poster session (Community step). Here we provide details of the model, recommendations, and examples for others to execute an inquiry-based service-learning project.
The Use of Inquiry-Based Activities with Caenorhabditis elegans to Enable Students to Learn about UV Radiation
Authors: Norflus Fran
Published: April 2017

In traditional microbiology laboratory activities, different strains of bacteria are exposed to UV radiation for varying lengths of time. This article provides information that expands on these activities (or uses them alone) with Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism with which to study the effects of UV radiation. These activities might be used in an introductory class to teach students the basics of working with C. elegans. In cell biology and microbiology classes, students might learn about how UV radiation can damage cells and cause cancer. These activities can also be used to teach the students about how genetic background can affect the sensitivity to UV radiation. In the laboratory, the students design their own activities by altering the parameters of the basic UV radiation experiment. By performing these laboratory activities, students will learn about UV radiation and about all parts of the scientific process.
Short FtsZ filaments can drive asymmetric cell envelope constriction at the onset of bacterial cytokinesis
Authors: Yao Qing , Jewett Andrew I , Chang Yi‐Wei , Oikonomou Catherine M , Beeby Morgan , Iancu Cristina V , Briegel Ariane , Ghosal Debnath , Jensen Grant J
Published: April 2017

FtsZ, the bacterial homologue of eukaryotic tubulin, plays a central role in cell division in nearly all bacteria and many archaea. It forms filaments under the cytoplasmic membrane at the division site where, together with other proteins it recruits, it drives peptidoglycan synthesis and constricts the cell. Despite extensive study, the arrangement of FtsZ filaments and their role in division continue to be debated. Here, we apply electron cryotomography to image the native structure of intact dividing cells and show that constriction in a variety of Gram‐negative bacterial cells, including Proteus mirabilis and Caulobacter crescentus, initiates asymmetrically, accompanied by asymmetric peptidoglycan incorporation and short FtsZ‐like filament formation. These results show that a complete ring of FtsZ is not required for constriction and lead us to propose a model for FtsZ‐driven division in which short dynamic FtsZ filaments can drive initial peptidoglycan synthesis and envelope constriction at the onset of cytokinesis, later increasing in length and number to encircle the division plane and complete constriction.
VEGFR2 but not VEGFR3 governs integrity and remodeling of thyroid angiofollicular unit in normal state and during goitrogenesis
Authors: Jang Jeon Yeob , Choi Sung Yong , Park Intae , Park Do Young , Choe Kibaek , Kim Pilhan , Kim Young Keum , Lee Byung‐Joo , Hirashima Masanori , Kubota Yoshiaki , Park Jeong‐Won , Cheng Sheue‐Yann , Nagy Andras , Park Young Joo , Alitalo Kari , Shong Minho , Koh Gou Young
Published: April 2017

Thyroid gland vasculature has a distinguishable characteristic of endothelial fenestrae, a critical component for proper molecular transport. However, the signaling pathway that critically governs the maintenance of thyroid vascular integrity, including endothelial fenestrae, is poorly understood. Here, we found profound and distinct expression of follicular epithelial VEGF‐A and vascular VEGFR2 that were precisely regulated by circulating thyrotropin, while there were no meaningful expression of angiopoietin–Tie2 system in the thyroid gland. Our genetic depletion experiments revealed that VEGFR2, but not VEGFR3, is indispensable for maintenance of thyroid vascular integrity. Notably, blockade of VEGF‐A or VEGFR2 not only abrogated vascular remodeling but also inhibited follicular hypertrophy, which led to the reduction of thyroid weights during goitrogenesis. Importantly, VEGFR2 blockade alone was sufficient to cause a reduction of endothelial fenestrae with decreases in thyrotropin‐responsive genes in goitrogen‐fed thyroids. Collectively, these findings establish follicular VEGF‐A–vascular VEGFR2 axis as a main regulator for thyrotropin‐dependent thyroid angiofollicular remodeling and goitrogenesis.
A Linear Criterion to sort Color Components in Images
Authors: Rodriguez Leonardo Barriga , Hernandez Hugo Jimenez , Cajiga Jorge Alberto Soto , Balanzar Luciano Nava , Barbosa Jose Joel Gonzalez , Espinosa Alfonso Gomez , Ortega Jesus Carlos Pedraza
Published: April 2017

The color and its representation play a basic role in Image Analysis process. Several methods can be beneficial whenever they have a correct representation of wave-length variations used to represent scenes with a camera. A wide variety of spaces and color representations is founded in specialized literature. Each one is useful in concrete circumstances and others may offer redundant color information (for instance, all RGB components are high correlated). This work deals with the task of identifying and sorting which component from several color representations offers the majority of information about the scene. This approach is based on analyzing linear dependences among each color component, by the implementation of a new sorting algorithm based on entropy. The proposal is tested in several outdoor/indoor scenes with different light conditions. Repeatability and stability are tested in order to guarantee its use in several image analysis applications. Finally, the results of this work have been used to enhance an external algorithm to compensate the camera random vibrations.
Refined cassava flour in bread making: a review
Authors: Aristizabal Galvis Johanna Alejandra , García Agredo José Alberto , Ospina Patiño Bernardo
Published: April 2017

Different studies have developed a variety of breads using cassava flour, with similar characteristics to wheat flour breads. The use of cassava flour in bread making is a convenient alternative for promoting the use of a local crop as well as reducing imports of wheat flour, promoting the production of high quality cassava flour, offering a gluten-free product and developing biofortified and fortified foods. Although the substitution level of cassava flour is limited, in some products, the incorporation of additives or flours from other crops improve the nutritional value and breadmaking quality of the baked foods. Several limitations have hindered the success of initiatives to promote, in some cassava producing countries, the intensive use cassava flour in bread making. Among these include the costs and efficiency of processing technologies, standards of the quality of cassava flour and lack of favorable policies. Further studies about bioavailability and retention of nutrients on baked foods and evaluation on the effects of processing cassava flour in relation to increasing the resistance starch are required to provide scientific evident for the health benefits of this flour.
First record of the Ash-throated Crake, Mustelirallus albicollis Vieillot, 1819 (Aves, Rallidae) in the Cordillera Central of the Colombian Andes
Authors: Calderón-Franco Diego , Ramirez Juan David , Saenz Julio Cesar
Published: April 2017

We present the first record of Ash-throated Crake, Mustelirallus albicollis, for the Cordillera Central of the Colombian Andes. One individual was killed while crossing a road in a marshy area in Porce, Antioquia department, Colombia. Our photographs represent the first record for the department of Antioquia and also for the Cordillera Central.
Another puzzle piece: new record of the Fringed Leaf Frog, Cruziohyla craspedopus (Funkhouser, 1957) (Anura: Phyllomedusidae), in the eastern Amazon Rainforest
Authors: Moraes Leandro J. C. L. , Pavan Dante
Published: April 2017

We report new occurrence of Cruziohyla craspedopus (Funkhouser, 1957) in the eastern Amazon Rainforest. This is only the second record from the state of Pará, Brazil and represents the easternmost known point of this species’ range.
Range extension of Iguana iguana Linnaeus, 1758 (Squamata: Iguanidae): the first record of an established population in southeastern Brazil
Authors: De Oliveira Jane C. F. , Castro Thiago Marcial de
Published: April 2017

We report a population of the Green Iguana, Iguana iguana, in a remnant of Atlantic Forest in the municipality of Vila Velha, Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. We found both adult and subadult specimens, which indicates the existence of an established population. This is the southernmost record of the species, located at 820 km south from the previous southern extreme of the species’ range in the Atlantic Forest (Amargosa, Bahia).
Non-volant mammals from the protected areas associated to hydroelectric projects on the eastern slope of the northern Cordillera Central, Colombia
Authors: Sánchez-Giraldo Camilo , Daza Juan M.
Published: April 2017

The northern part of the Cordillera Central in Colombia has been recognized as a region of particular relevancy in vertebrates biodiversity. We provide a list of non-volant mammal species in Jaguas and San Carlos, two protected areas around hydroelectric projects on the eastern slope of the Cordillera Central in Antioquia. As part of an ongoing monitoring project, we obtained records from a standardized survey in 2011 and sporadic surveys in 2014–2015 (capture and non-invasive methods), and from the revision of voucher specimens. From 132 records we generated a list of 34 species, 22 species in Jaguas and 27 in San Carlos, belonging to 20 families and seven orders. We record the occurrence of four endemic and four threatened species, including the endemic and Endangered Tamarin, Saguinus leucopus, highlighting the importance of these protected areas for mammal conservation in this highly diverse region.
Accessibility, Availability, and Potential Benefits of Psycho-Oncology Services: The Perspective of Community-Based Physicians Providing Cancer Survivorship Care
Authors: Zimmermann-Schlegel Verena , Hartmann Mechthild , Sklenarova Halina , Herzog Wolfgang , Haun Markus W.
Published: April 2017

Background

As persons of trust, community-based physicians providing survivorship care (e.g., general practitioners [GPs]) often serve as the primary contacts for cancer survivors disclosing distress. From the perspective of physicians providing survivorship care for cancer patients, this study explores (a) the accessibility, availability, and potential benefits of psycho-oncology services; (b) whether physicians themselves provide psychosocial support; and (c) predictors for impeded referrals of survivors to services.

Methods

In a cross-sectional survey, all GPs and community-based specialists in a defined region were interviewed. In addition to descriptive analyses, categorical data were investigated by applying chi-square tests. Predictors for impeded referrals were explored through logistic regression.

Results

Of 683 responding physicians, the vast majority stated that survivors benefit from psycho-oncology services (96.8%), but the physicians also articulated that insufficient coverage of psycho-oncology services (90.9%) was often accompanied by impeded referrals (77.7%). A substantial proportion (14.9%) of physicians did not offer any psychosocial support. The odds of physicians in rural areas reporting impeded referrals were 1.91 times greater than the odds of physicians in large urban areas making a similar report (95% confidence interval [1.07, 3.40]).

Conclusion

Most community-based physicians providing survivorship care regard psycho-oncology services as highly beneficial. However, a large number of physicians report tremendous difficulty referring patients. Focusing on those physicians not providing any psychosocial support, health policy approaches should specifically (a) raise awareness of the role of physicians as persons of trust for survivors, (b) highlight the effectiveness of psycho-oncology services, and (c) encourage a proactive attitude toward the assessment of unmet needs and the initiation of comprehensive care.
Numerical simulation of the distribution and orientation of steel fibres in the SCC
Authors: Bi J. H. , Bao C. , Xu D. , Guan J. , Cheng W. X.
Published: April 2017

Currently, steel-fibre-reinforced self-compacting concrete (SFRSCC) is widely used in infrastructure construction. The distribution and orientation of the fibres could directly determine the mechanical properties and behaviours of the SFRSCC component. This paper presents a new numerical simulation that can be used to calculate the distribution and orientation of the fibres in the SCC during the casting procedure. The casting procedure of the SFRSCC is investigated by using the computational fluid dynamics software CFX, based on the finite-volume method. The motion of the fibres can be simplified into translation and rotation, and the Matlab program simulates the procedure. To verify the method's accuracy, a casting procedure for a SFRSCC beam was simulated and the fibres’ density in three orthogonal planes was investigated. The calculation results show good agreement with the experimental results, and the method is effective in analysing the distribution and orientation of fibres in SCC. To further analyse the orientation of fibres, the angles between three axes and fibre projection in three different planes are discussed. The beam can be divided into six parts according to the variation of the angle between the X axis and the projection of fibres in the XY plane.
Perceived impact of extra-curricular activities on foreign language learning in Canadian and Russian university contexts
Authors: Makarova Veronika , Reva Anna
Published: April 2017

This paper surveys language-related extra-curricular activities (ECA) attended by university students in Canada and Russia. Very little information is available about ECA in both countries. The study aimed to gather data about extra-curricular activities in Canada and Russia and to investigate the perceived effect of participation in extra-curricular activities on language learning by university students in these countries. The study employed a questionnaire-based survey as a major research method. The questionnaire constructed by the authors included ‘yes/no’, multiple choice and open-ended questions. The total of 119 university students from both countries participated in the study. The participants’ responses to yes/no and multiple choice questions were entered on SPSS charts for descriptive statistics and an analysis across the groups (chi-square tests). The responses to open-ended questions were analyzed using key-word method. The results indicate that only about 1/3 of university students in both countries had some experience with ECAs. Russian students were more aware of the range of ECAs available through their universities. The array of language-related ECAs was different across the countries: Canadian students mostly attended ECAs that were offered through their universities, and Russian students – outside their universities. There was an agreement between the respondents from both countries that trips abroad were the most efficient form of ECAs. The evaluation of some other specific forms of ECAs showed significant differences across the two participant groups. The majority of respondents from both countries placed a high value on ECAs and thought that ECAs were beneficial for their language skills development.
HISTORY AND CURRENT TRENDS IN HIGH-RISE CONSTRUCTION
Authors: MATEJKO Alexander O.
Published: April 2017

The history of high-rise buildings development from the perspective of the skyscrapers international classification by structural depth, developed and adopted by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, is viewed. In accordance with this classification the entire history of high-rise buildings is divided into 4 periods from the perspective of overcoming the three key heights: the mark of 100, 300 and 600 meters and the emergence of skyscrapers (Tall buildings), Super skyscrapers (Supertall’s) and Mega skyscrapers (Megatall’s). Revealed the characteristic features in the use of technology, functional use skyscrapers, the approach to the placement of high-rise buildings and complexes in the urban space. Identify trends, characteristic for the present stage of development of highrise construction.
DEVICE FOR VERTICAL PANELS MOUNTING
Authors: DOLADOV Yury I. , KHMYLEVA Olga Yu.
Published: April 2017

The article analyzes operations ways and mounting device of long sandwich panels as enclosing structures. It is evaluated that at the moment there are no reliable auxiliary mounting devices for vertical panels at high altitude. Proposed device improves the quality of operations and increases performance. Device is protected by license. For the first time construction features are described in details. Device gives to mounters an opportunity to work staying on the construction’s surface that is already attached on the building frame.
ARCHITECTURAL AND TYPOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN CARE FACILITIES IN RUSSIA IN CURRENT SOCIAL AND EDUCATIONAL CONDITIONS
Authors: ANDRIANOVA Olga S.
Published: April 2017

The article raises topical issues of architectural and typological formation for care homes for children in Russia at the present stage. The species of existing Russian organizations for orphans and children left without parental care are illuminated, as well as the major problems inherent in the traditional system of domestic care institutions. The main socio-pedagogical conditions aff ecting the architecture of buildings for social education of minors are considered. The principles of forming of institution of care for children are defi ned: principles of family, principle of openness, multifunctional principle and principle of expressiveness of the artistic image. Also the direction of the architectural and typological development of institutions for social education in our country is determined.
CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES OF BUIDINGS IN SAMARA IN THE LATE 19TH CENTURY - IN THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY
Authors: TRETIAKOV Nikolay V.
Published: April 2017

The aim of research is the analysis of constructional features of buildings in Samara in the late 19th century - in the early 20th century. Some of these buildings are still in operation being at the same time monuments of history and culture. Special and common features of construction solutions of foundations, walls, floor slabs and roof structures are marked. It is proved that economic considerations such as relative deficit and high cost of building materials - rolled steel, brick, broken stones - have a great influence on buildings structures. The examples of construction solutions of some buildings - monuments of history and culture are viewed.
О «противоборстве» потребительских цен и доходов населения
Authors: Косьмин Анатолий Данилович , Кузнецова Ольга Павловна , Косьмина Елена Анатольевна
Published: April 2017

В статье достигается поставленная авторами цель – доказать несомненность апокрифичности официальных показателей инфляции и индексации доходах населения, и определиться с рекомендациями по минимизации инфляции.
Кластерный подход в развитии сферы туризма
Authors: Бенидзе Кристина Станиславовна Кристина Станиславовна
Published: April 2017

В статье рассмотрен кластерный подход к развитию сферы туризма, представлены ключевые элементы, формирующие кластерную структуру. Исследованы преимущества и недостатки интегрированных кластерных структур. Представлена структура туристского кластера с точки зрения модульного принципа его формирования, что позволит иметь устойчивые кооперированные связи по созданию туристского продукта, и будет способствовать росту капитала всех участников кластерной группы. Предполагаемые участники кластера классифицированы на определенные группы. В реализацию кластерного подхода к развитию сферы туризма заложены в качестве доминантных структур как инфраструктурные объекты в виде средств размещения, так и конкретные виды туризма в качестве объектов туристского интереса, к которым притягиваются туристские маршруты и туристские потоки.
Argentina en el espacio: política internacional en relación a la política tecnológica y el desarrollo industrial
Authors: Blinder Daniel
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo de reflexión tiene como principal propósito desallorar y comprender de forma analítica el recorrido de medio siglo de tecnología espacial que se ha venido desarrollado en la República Argentina. El estilo de la evolución puede tipificarse como un caso de desarrollo de tecnología capital intensiva, considerada “sensible” por los países centrales, y que dominan la contextualización de territorios como el gaucho, aunque este no se tilde de periférico sino de uno que comprende a la semiperiferia. La tecnología capital intensiva, implica niveles importantes de industrialización, pero también de poder militar. El objetivo general consiste en exponer cuál es la manera en que una serie de rupturas políticas y económicas transformaron los lineamientos que debían orientar la trayectoria del desarrollo de tecnología espacial así como su aplicación en el uso civil y en el bélico. Igualmente, el artículo explica cómo funciona la disciplina de las Relaciones Internacionales a partir de una política tecnológica, permitiéndose mostrar los principales resultados de este sector transversal y supranacional.
Intervencionismo y medio ambiente: el caso de la Amazonía Brasileña
Authors: Guevara Gisela da Silva
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo busca debatir conceptos tales como la internacionalización de la Amazonía y la soberanía de los Estados en el ámbito ambiental, reflexionando sobre los aportes de autores que se dedicaron a estos temas. La metodología es cualitativa, utilizando diversidad de obras y artículos académicos, así como fuentes primarias, donde se puede verificar la variedad de posiciones sobre los mencionados conceptos. Reflexionaremos acerca del significado del concepto de internacionalización de la Amazonía, por una parte visto del Sur, sobre todo desde Brasil, y por otra, de los países del Norte, debatiendo las implicaciones de la confrontación de enfoques entre los países desarrollados y las naciones en vías de desarrollo para las relaciones internacionales. Partimos de la premisa de que el obstáculo para un consenso entre el Norte y el Sur sobre la internacionalización de la Amazonía brasileña se basa en nociones divergentes de soberanía y responsabilidad ambiental de los Estados, las cuales hasta nuestros días no pudieron ser resueltas.
Naród polski jako żywa struktura. Kształtowanie się poczucia odrębności narodowej Ślązaków pod wpływem uwarunkowań geograficzno-historycznych i geograficzno-politycznych
Authors: Rykała Andrzej , Sobczyński Marek
Published: April 2017

W artykule dokonano analizy terytorialnego formowania się i zmian przynależności państwowej Śląska, interpretując je w kategorii uwarunkowań kształtowania się poczucia odrębności narodowej jego mieszkańców. Przedstawiono liczebność osób deklarujących w początkach XXI w. śląską narodowość oraz podjęto próbę identyfikacji jej elementów składowych i instytucjonalnych form wyrażania. Ustalono, że poczucie odrębności narodowej Ślązaków ukształtowało się na podstawie terytorialno-politycznych i ekonomicznych odniesień do historycznych „dużych ojczyzn” oraz tej „małej”, jaką jest Śląsk i jego historia, znaczona zmienną przynależnością państwową, a co za tym idzie wpływami kulturowymi trzech głównych narodów – Polaków, Niemców i Czechów. Wpływy tych kultur krzyżowały się najczęściej w zachodniej części regionu, tj. na obszarze Górnego Śląska, gdzie koncentruje się w głównej mierze ludność identyfikująca się z narodem śląskim.
Skład narodowościowy ludności Federacji Rosyjskiej na przełomie XX i XXI wieku
Authors: Eberhardt Piotr
Published: April 2017

W artykule opisano i skomentowano w ujęciu statycznym i dynamicznym przemiany demograficzno-etniczne zachodzące w Rosyjskiej SSR oraz Federacji Rosyjskiej. Przedstawiono liczebność i rozmieszczenie geograficzne poszczególnych narodowości zamieszkujących terytorium współczesnej Federacji Rosyjskiej. Podstawą analizy statystycznej, a następnie merytorycznej były trzy spisy ludności (1959, 1989, 2010). Porównanie danych z tych trzech przekrojów czasowych dało możliwość określenia stanu i przeobrażeń narodowościowych w ostatnich dekadach XX w. oraz w pierwszym dziesięcioleciu XXI w. Skoncentrowano uwagę na sytuacji etnicznej w Autonomicznych Republikach i Okręgach Narodowościowych.
Whiteness in Political Rhetoric: A Discourse Analysis of Peruvian Racial-Nationalist “Othering”
Authors: Escobedo Luis
Published: April 2017

Drawing upon Paulo Drinot's works on how racialized assumptions have been central to the transition toward industrialization, and neoliberalism in early 20th-, and early 21st-century Peru, respectively, this monograph analyses how contemporary powerful state agents efficiently naturalize whiteness among Peruvians by equating it with progress and constructing the non-core group as a racialized “Other”, in and through the articulation of language and meaning. I claim that direct, naked, and offensive anticommunist and anti-indigenous language is not the only, or the most efficient, way in which an antagonism is constructed in contemporary Peru. By understanding how whiteness operates in political rhetoric, we will be able to visualize more clearly how even the most common, widely accepted, and allegedly inoffensive expressions can be effective in the construction of racial antagonisms. In order to accomplish these objectives and support these claims, I will engage Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe's theory of discourse.
Biomarkers and Bacteria Around Implants and Natural Teeth in the Same Individuals
Authors: Gürlek Önder , Gümüş Pınar , Nile Christopher J. , Lappin David F. , Buduneli Nurcan
Published: April 2017

Background: This cross‐sectional study assesses cytokine levels in peri‐implant crevicular fluid (PICF)/gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and a selection of subgingival/submucosal plaque bacteria from clinically healthy or diseased sites in the same individuals.

Methods: Samples from 97 implants/teeth (58 implants [19 healthy, 20 mucositis, 19 peri‐implantitis] and 39 natural teeth [19 healthy, 12 gingivitis, eight periodontitis] in 15 systemically healthy patients were investigated by immunoassay and real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Samples were obtained first, with probing depth, clinical attachment level, bleeding on probing, plaque index scores, and keratinized tissue width then recorded. Data were analyzed by Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney U, and permutation tests on dependent, independent, and mixed dependent and independent samples and Spearman correlation.

Results: Interleukin (IL)‐1β levels were significantly higher in PICF samples of healthy implants than in GCF samples of healthy teeth (P = 0.003), and soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (sRANKL) concentrations were significantly higher in the gingivitis than the mucositis group (P = 0.004). Biomarker levels were similar in peri‐implantitis and periodontitis groups (P >0.05). Actinomyces naeslundi and Streptococcus oralis levels were significantly higher in the healthy implant group than in healthy teeth (P <0.05). Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola (Td) levels were lower in the mucositis group than the gingivitis group (P <0.05). Prevotella oralis and S. oralis levels were significantly higher in the periodontitis group (P <0.05), and Td levels were significantly higher in the peri‐implantitis group (P <0.05).

Conclusion: There were many similarities but, crucially, some differences in biomarker levels (IL‐1β and sRANKL) and bacterial species between peri‐implant and periodontal sites in the same individuals, suggesting similar pathogenic mechanisms.
Dermatofibrossarcoma protuberante em criança de três anos
Authors: Ramos Juliana Maria Cavalcante Ribeiro , Machado Carina Maria de Sena , Frota Aline Salmito , Carneiro Jéssica Gomes , Araújo Carlos Henrique de Oliveira , Accioly Filho José Wilson , Valença Júnior José Telmo
Published: April 2017

O dermatofibrossarcoma protuberante (DFSP) é um raro tumor cutâneo fibrohistiocítico de origem dérmica com baixo grau de malignidade e que se caracteriza pelo crescimento lento. Acomete preferencialmente adultos, estima-se que a incidência desse tumor varie de 0,8 a 5 casos por milhão a cada ano. Clinicamente, pode mimetizar dermatofibroma e lesões queloideanas. Os autores descreveram um caso atípico de DFSP em uma criança de três anos, ressaltando-se a importância do diagnóstico correto e precoce, devido à alta taxa de recorrência deste tumor correlacionada a uma conduta cirúrgica inadequada, muitas vezes, pela semelhança com dermatofibroma ou com queloide.
Evolução favorável de recidiva de infecção por varicela zoster (cobreiro) durante uso de natalizumabe em paciente com esclerose múltipla: relato de caso
Authors: Feitosa Diego Rafhael Soares Carvalho , Gondim Francisco de Assis Aquino , Rocha Galeno Viera
Published: April 2017

Objetivo: Relatar o caso de recidiva de herpes-zoster (HZ) em paciente com esclerose múltipla (EM) em uso de tratamento imunomodulador (natalizumabe) com evolução favorável. Descrição de caso: Mulher de 39 anos com diagnóstico de EM há 1 ano e 6 meses, previamente tratada com interferon 1a, começou tratamento com natalizumabe, desenvolvendo HZ após três meses de tratamento. HZ foi tratado com aciclovir, por sete dias, via oral. Seguimento ambulatorial após três meses de tratamento mostrou resolução completa das lesões, sem desencadeamento de neuralgia pós-herpética. Conclusões: As novas terapias para a EM podem estar relacionadas a diferentes tipos de efeitos adversos. Nem todos os casos de HZ, associados com novas terapias para EM, evoluem de forma desfavorável. Estudos são necessários para reconhecer os fatores de riscos para as formas graves de HZ em tais pacientes.
Worksheets that Teach: Algebra 1, Volume III
Authors:   Quantum Scientific Publishing
Published: April 2017

Worksheets That Teach are completely different than normal classroom worksheets because they actually teach the content!

Each content-based worksheet begins by actually teaching all of the content in the stated learning objective(s) before moving into the set of exercises that are normally found in a classroom worksheet.

Worksheets That Teach are ideal for:
1. Classroom use to reinforce a topic
2. Student test preparation
3. Homeschooling
4. Individual tutoring sessions
5. Successful students that would like the additional challenge of exploring a new topic on their own
6. Substitute teachers that need to teach a class in an unfamiliar discipline

Worksheets That Teach Series Areas of Study:
Foreign Languages
General Studies
History
Language Arts
Mathematics
Science
The Beginner's Guide to Engineering: Chemical Engineering
Authors: Stimus John T.
Published: April 2017

The Beginner’s Guide to Engineering series is designed to provide a very simple, non-technical introduction to the fields of engineering for people with no experience in the fields.

Each book in the series focuses on introducing the reader to the various concepts in the fields of engineering conceptually rather than mathematically.

These books are a great resource for high school students that are considering majoring in one of the engineering fields, or for anyone else that is curious about engineering but has no background in the field.

Books in the series:
1. The Beginner’s Guide to Engineering: Chemical Engineering
2. The Beginner’s Guide to Engineering: Computer Engineering
3. The Beginner’s Guide to Engineering: Electrical Engineering
4. The Beginner’s Guide to Engineering: Mechanical Engineering
45 Superstars of Science
Authors: Daigh Christine A.
Published: April 2017

This wonderful book contains easy to read biographies of some of the most influential people that have shaped modern science. Each biography assumes no prior knowledge on the part of the reader and highlights the key contributions of each of the scientists. From ancient scholars such as Pythagoras and Aristotle, to modern scientists like Stephen Hawking, this book is an excellent way for anyone interested in science to learn about many of the great scientists/thinkers that helped shape the way that we think about our world. For the trivia buff, each biography also ends with a “mini quiz” with answers in the back of the book!
Introduction to Money Management
Authors: Carlson Susan M.
Published: April 2017

We all live in a world in which money is an important part of our everyday lives. This clearly written, practical guide to money management is appropriate for people of all ages. It includes practical examples and exercises about basic budgeting, loans, credit, and managing your financial resources well
OpenOffice 3.4 Volume I: Writer
Authors: Cain Christopher N.
Published: April 2017

OpenOffice 3.4 Volume I: Writer is the first book of the four-volume OpenOffice series by Quantum Scientific Publishing. The OpenOffice series provides step-by-step instructions on navigating basic, as well as advanced features within the Apache OpenOffice Suite, version 3.4. OpenOffice Writer is a powerful word processing tool comparable to the leading word processors. This book begins by introducing the basic functions and layout of Writer, and then progresses to more complex features and operations. By following along with the steps provided in this book, readers will learn dozens of useful tasks such as: inserting page numbers, translating text, generating tables, creating labels, setting up custom tabs, and much more!
Propuesta metodológica para la inclusión de la fauna en los estudios de paisaje. El ejemplo de la playa de Casasola, Málaga (España)
Authors: Serrano-Montes José Luis , Gómez-Zotano José
Published: April 2017

Se propone un procedimiento metodológico para evaluar la manifestación directa de la componente animal (tanto salvaje como doméstica) del paisaje de acuerdo con las Orientaciones para la aplicación del Convenio Europeo del Paisaje. Para testar la validez del método, la propuesta se aplica a un territorio complejo como el litoral mediterráneo de la provincia de Málaga, Andalucía. El estudio corrobora que la fauna puede constituir un elemento característico del paisaje, especialmente en su dimensión sonora, con independencia de su grado de naturalidad. Se concluye que la fauna puede y debe incluirse en los estudios de paisaje.
Cultura y paisaje a la “Vera de la Sierra”. La construcción territorial del Guadarrama segoviano
Authors: Martínez Fernández Luis Carlos , Molina de la Torre Ignacio
Published: April 2017

La Sierra de Guadarrama (Segovia) es un territorio construido socialmente. Es el producto de un modelo de explotación secular de los recursos que ofrecía el espacio físico: desde las peanas del piedemonte y hasta el “alto de la sierra”; toda una sucesión de ambientes “escalonados” que han destacado históricamente por su importante función como elementos plenamente incorporados al sistema de aprovechamiento ganadero y forestal. Es así como los paisajes serranos, compuestos de herencias diversas y superpuestas, otorgan al territorio su auténtica dimensión cultural.
Invariantes en la evolución e identidad territorial del paisaje de huerta tradicional de la Vega Baja del Río Segura: 1929-2010
Authors: García-Mayor Clara
Published: April 2017

A partir del estudio de la evolución de la Huerta de la Vega Baja del Río Segura, en Alicante, se identifican cuatro invariantes que dotan de coherencia e identidad a este territorio: la red de riego-avenamiento, la red de caminos, los asentamientos y los cultivos. El análisis de la organización estructural, la métrica, las características y la evolución de cada uno de ellos, constata su dependencia funcional y espacial, así como la relevancia que adquieren en la transformación de la precepción de este paisaje singular.
Propuesta para una agenda de investigación de los impactos del turismo en los destinos Patrimonio de la Humanidad
Authors: Pulido Fernández Juan Ignacio , Ruiz Lanuza Agustín
Published: April 2017

Este artículo tiene como objetivo integrar una agenda de investigación para el estudio de los impactos del turismo en los Sitios del Patrimonio Mundial de la UNESCO. Como antecedente, se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica en Scopus de la que se han obtenido algunos de los posibles tópicos de investigación. Para la validación del interés científico de estos tópicos, se utiliza el método Delphi, con dos rondas. En la primera ronda participan 31expertos y 21 en la segunda, logrando el consenso en veintinueve de las líneas de investigación propuestas inicialmente, y proponiendo siete nuevas líneas, de diversos campos del conocimiento, relacionados con el patrimonio y su uso turístico.