bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance and immune landscape of KIR2DL4 and the senescence‐based signature in cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Mao Rui , Ren Zhengyun , Yang Fan , Yang Peng , Zhang Tongtong
Published: July 2022

Senescence is an effective barrier to tumor progression. Mutations that inhibit senescence and promote cell division are mandatory for the development of cancer. Therefore, it is particularly important to explore the differences between cutaneous melanoma (CM) patients with severe and mild degrees of senescence. We clustered all the patients with CM in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database based on all the genes of the senescence pathway in the CellAge and MSigDB database. The prognosis, immunotherapy effect, tumor microenvironment score, NRAS mutation rate, expression of CD274, CTLA4, and PDCD1, and abundance of CD8+ T and natural killer (NK) cell infiltration in the younger group of patients (YG) were higher than those in the older group (OG). Compared with the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, the risk scoring system stratified the risk of CM patients and guided immunotherapy more accurately. The nomogram model, which combined the AJCC stage and risk score, greatly improved the ability and accuracy of prognosis prediction. As KIR2DL4 is the core molecule in the risk scoring system (RSS), knocking down the KIR2DL4 of human NK cells in vitro can inhibit the cytotoxicity of NK cells and can also inhibit the secretion of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ by NK cells. In contrast, upregulation of KIR2DL4 can activate the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which is the activation pathway of NK cells. Our RSS and nomogram model can accurately stratify the risk of CM patients and effectively predict the effect of immunotherapy and prognosis in CM patients.
‘I chose the bad’: Youth's meaning making of being involved in self‐harm content online during adolescence
Authors: Stänicke Line Indrevoll
Published: July 2022

This article aims to explore how young adults (18–23) who have a history of self‐harm experienced involvement in self‐harm content online during adolescence. The qualitative data analysis follows the steps of Interpretative phenomenological analysis and resulted in four meta‐themes: (1) ‘Solitude during adolescence—finally found a place to fit in’, (2) ‘Tempting but dangerous—a game that never should end’, (3) ‘Searching for self—it was like an online diary’ and (4) ‘No one in charge’. Each superordinate theme characterizes essential features of subjective reasons for becoming involved in and their way out of self‐harm content online. Digital involvement is discussed in light of developmental challenges during adolescence—such as exploration of borders, autonomy and self‐identity formation. For lonely people, online involvement with self‐harm content may enable ‘a potential space’ in between reality and fiction sufficient for relational and personal exploration. Involvement in self‐harm content online may cover a need to belong, to express and share problems, and for support. This knowledge should inform clinicians to ask patients about involvement in risk content online and motivate decision‐makers to develop ways to detect and support vulnerable adolescents online and offline.
Heart transplantation after total artificial heart bridging—Outcomes over 15 years
Authors: Chen Qiudong , Chan Joshua , Akhmerov Akbarshakh , Roach Amy , Emerson Dominic , Megna Dominick , Catarino Pedro , Moriguchi Jaime , Chang David , Kittleson Michelle , Geft Dael , Kobashigawa Jon , Chikwe Joanna , Esmailian Fardad
Published: July 2022

Background

Data are limited on outcomes after heart transplantation in patients bridged‐to‐transplantation (BTT) with a total artificial heart (TAH‐t).

Methods

The UNOS database was used to identify 392 adult patients undergoing heart transplantation after TAH‐t BTT between 2005 and 2020. They were compared with 11 014 durable left ventricular assist device (LVAD) BTT patients and 22 348 de novo heart transplants (without any durable VAD or TAH‐t BTT) during the same period.

Results

TAH‐t BTT patients had increased dialysis dependence compared to LVAD BTT and de novo transplants (24.7% vs. 2.7% vs. 3.8%) and higher levels of baseline creatinine and total bilirubin (all p < .001). After transplantation, TAH‐t BTT patients were more likely to die from multiorgan failure in the first year (25.0% vs. 16.1% vs. 16.1%, p = .04). Ten‐year survival was inferior in TAH‐t BTT patients (TAH‐t BTT 53.1%, LVAD BTT 61.8%, De Novo 62.6%, p < .001), while 10‐year survival conditional on 1‐year survival was similar (TAH‐t BTT 66.8%, LVAD BTT 68.7%, De Novo 69.0%, all p > .20). Among TAH‐t BTT patients, predictors of 1‐year mortality included higher baseline creatinine and total bilirubin, mechanical ventilation, and cumulative center volume <20 cases of heart transplantation involving TAH‐t BTT (all p < .05).

Conclusion

Survival after TAH‐t BTT is acceptable, and patients who survive the early postoperative phase experience similar hazards of mortality over time compared to de novo transplant patients and durable LVAD BTT patients.
Engagement of Foxh1 in chromatin regulation revealed by protein interactome analyses
Authors: Zhou Jeff Jiajing , Pham Paula Duyen , Han Han , Wang Wenqi , Cho Ken W. Y.
Published: July 2022

Early embryonic cell fates are specified through coordinated integration of transcription factor activities and epigenetic states of the genome. Foxh1 is a key maternal transcription factor controlling the mesendodermal gene regulatory program. Proteomic interactome analyses using FOXH1 as a bait in mouse embryonic stem cells revealed that FOXH1 interacts with PRC2 subunits and HDAC1. Foxh1 physically interacts with Hdac1, and confers transcriptional repression of mesendodermal genes in Xenopus ectoderm. Our findings reveal a central role of Foxh1 in coordinating the chromatin states of the Xenopus embryonic genome.
Revisiting ‘intensive’ blood glucose control: A causal directed acyclic graph‐guided systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Huang Chi‐Jung , Wang Wei‐Ting , Sung Shih‐Hsien , Chen Chen‐Huan , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Cheng Hao‐Min , Chiang Chern‐En
Published: July 2022

Aim

To clarify the importance of HbA1c reduction and antidiabetic drug use in preventing major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Materials and Methods

We conducted an updated systematic review of contemporary large randomized controlled trials assessing the relative efficacy and safety of antidiabetic drugs with less hypoglycaemia risk in adult T2D patients. Mixed‐effects meta‐regression was performed to examine the associations of HbA1c reduction with subsequent risk of macrovascular and microvascular events. We evaluated the potential mediating role of HbA1c reduction in the relationship between antidiabetic drugs and MACE.

Results

Eighteen placebo‐controlled trials comprising 155 610 participants were included. The effects of treatment differed among antidiabetic drug classes for most adverse outcomes with high heterogeneity (I2: 63.7%‐95.8%). Mean HbA1c reduction was lowest with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (0.30%), followed by sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitors (0.46%), and was highest with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (0.58%) and thiazolidinediones (0.60%). Lower relative risks of MACE were significantly associated with larger reductions in achieved HbA1c (β −0.3182; 95% CI: −0.5366 to −0.0998; P = .0043), even after adjusting for drug classes. When considering HbA1c lowering as a mediator to be controlled, beneficial effects owing to specific antidiabetic treatment for MACE were not observed (χ2 = 1.4494; P = .6940). The proportion mediated by HbA1c reduction was 50.0%‐63.5% for these antidiabetic agents.

Conclusions

The main benefits of antidiabetic agents might result from the reduction in blood sugar levels and are generally independent of drugs used. Risk reduction in MACE was proportional to the magnitude of HbA1c decrease conferred by antidiabetic agents with less hypoglycaemic hazard.
Factors associated with short and long sleep duration in older adults: Analysis of a national survey in Japan
Authors: Midorikawa Haruhiko , Tachikawa Hirokazu , Aiba Miyuki , Watanabe Taeko , Tamiya Nanako , Arai Tetsuaki
Published: July 2022

Aim

This study aimed to clarify the association between sleep duration and various physical and psychosocial factors among older Japanese adults.

Methods

Data from 295 367 households were obtained from the 2013 Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan, a self‐administered questionnaire survey. We restricted our analyses to 115 205 participants who responded to all the items required for this study. Multinomial logistic regression models examined the association between sleep duration and various factors.

Results

Overall, 26.0% of the participants slept for <6 h, 56.0% slept for 6–8 h, and 18.0% slept for ≥8 h. Poor subjective health and mental health increased the risk of both short (poor subjective health: odds ratio [OR] 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17–1.27; severe mental distress: OR 2.21, 95% CI 2.04–2.40) and long (poor subjective health: OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.13–1.24; severe mental distress: OR 1.25, 95% CI 1.13–1.38) sleep duration. Many subjective symptoms, including chest, respiratory, musculoskeletal and urogenital symptoms, were associated with short sleep duration. However, only memory loss was associated with long sleep duration (OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.16–1.31).

Conclusions

We need to be aware that older people with short sleep duration may have various physical symptoms. Moreover, as physical and mental problems, cognitive decline and unhealthy lifestyles are associated with long sleep duration, we also need to pay attention to the living conditions of those who complain of long sleep duration. The limitations of this study were that the variables were self‐reported and sleep duration was not evaluated objectively. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 660–666.
Pain coping behaviour strategies in people with haemophilia: A systematic literature review
Authors: Foubert Anthe , Roussel Nathalie , Chantrain Valérie‐Anne , Hermans Cédric , Lambert Catherine , Lobet Sébastien , Meeus Mira
Published: July 2022

Introduction

Despite the fact that joint bleeds (haemarthrosis) frequently occur in people with haemophilia (PwH) with invalidating arthropathies as result, the clinical pain experience has received only limited attention. A sudden increase in pain intensity can be linked to a bleed, but in most cases, no acute bleed is confirmed. Nevertheless, a patient's perception of an acute bleed as cause of the pain might impact the patients’ behaviour in response to pain. It is therefore essential to gain more insight into pain coping strategies seen in PwH.

Aim

This systematic review aims to identify the range of pain coping behaviour strategies used among PwH and the factors associated with pain coping behaviour.

Methods

This review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐analyses guidelines (PRISMA). PubMed and Web of Science were systematically screened for relevant literature using keyword combinations related to adult PwH, pain and pain coping behaviour strategies. Risk of bias was assessed with the modified Newcastle‐Ottowa Scale.

Results

Eleven full text articles (nine cross‐sectional and two comparative studies) consisting of 1832 PwH met the inclusion criteria. Due to the heterogeneity of the study samples, quality of evaluation instruments and varying risk of bias, it was difficult to draw conclusions regarding the used pain coping behaviour strategies and associated factors.

Conclusion

Literature on pain coping behaviour strategies and associated factors in PwH is still scarce and describes heterogenous results. Validated haemophilia‐specific instruments are warranted to inventory pain coping behaviour in a standardized way.
Declining trends of prevalence ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection and incidence of gastric cancer in Taiwan: An updated cross‐sectional survey and meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Mei‐Jyh , Bair Ming‐Jong , Chen Po‐Yueh , Lee Ji‐Yuh , Yang Tsung‐Hua , Fang Yu‐Jen , Chen Chieh‐Chang , Chang An‐Ti , Hsiao Wang‐De , Yu Jian‐Jyun , Kuo Chia‐Chi , Chiu Min‐Chin , Lin Kun‐Pei , Tsai Min‐Horn , Hsu Yao‐Chun , Chou Chu‐Kuang , Chen Chi‐Yi , Lin Jaw‐Town , Lee Yi‐Chia , Wu Ming‐Shiang , Liou Jyh‐Ming ,   for the Taiwan Gastrointestinal Disease and Helicobacter Consortium
Published: July 2022

Background

We aimed to assess the latest prevalence and secular trend ofHelicobacter pyloriinfection and its association with the incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in Taiwan.

Materials and Methods

Adults naive toH. pylorieradication received13C‐urea breath test (13C‐UBT),H. pyloristool antigen test, and serology test during 2019–2020 in this prospective screening program. Children and adolescent aged between 7 and 19 years received13C‐UBT forH. pyloriscreening. We also conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to assess the secular trend of prevalence ofH. pylorifrom 1990 to 2020 in Taiwan. The secular trends of age‐standardized incidence and mortality of gastric cancer were obtained from the Taiwan Cancer Registry.

Results

A total of 1494 participants were enrolled, including 294 children or adolescents and 1200 adults. The overall prevalence of activeH. pyloriinfection by13C‐UBT was 26.6% (397/1494), which was 30.8% in adults and 9.5% in adolescents/children. The age‐standardized prevalence of activeH. pyloriinfection was 32.3% in adults after adjustment of the population structure in Taiwan. Of the 29 studies including 38,597 subjects eligible for the meta‐analysis, the pooled prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection decreased from 63.8% (95% CI: 55.9%–71%) in 1990–2000 to 28.2% (95% CI:21.8%–35.6%) in 2016–2020. The age‐standardized incidence and mortality of gastric cancer have also declined from 15.2 to 10.75 per 100,000, respectively, in 1999 to 9.29 and 5.4 per 100,000, respectively, in 2019.

Conclusions

The prevalence ofH. pyloriinfection has declined in Taiwan, which correlates with the declining trends of age‐standardized incidence and mortality of gastric cancer in Taiwan.
Geometric compromise programming: application in portfolio selection
Authors: Salas‐Molina Francisco , Pla‐Santamaria David , Vercher‐Ferrandiz Maria Luisa , Garcia‐Bernabeu Ana
Published: July 2022

Compromise programming (CP) aims to find solutions by minimising distances to an ideal point with maximum achievement which is usually infeasible. A common assumption in CP is that it is highly unlikely that the optimum decision will lie out of the bounds of the compromise set given by metrics and of the Minkowski distance function. This assumption excludes the use of multiplicative functions as a measure of achievement. We propose geometric CP (GCP) to provide alternative solutions based on multiplicative functions to overcome this limitation. This methodology is an extension of CP that allows to incorporate the principle of limited compensability. An additional interesting feature of GCP is that, under reasonable assumptions, characterises extreme seekers' behaviour with non‐concave utility functions (expressing no preference for any of the extremes). We discuss the practical implications of our approach and present three numerical illustrations in the context portfolio selection.
Ontogenetic changes in the tooth morphology of bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas)
Authors: Goodman Kyle , Niella Yuri , Bliss‐Henaghan Taylor , Harcourt Robert , Smoothey Amy F. , Peddemors Victor M.
Published: July 2022

Teeth are an integral component of feeding ecology, with a clear link between tooth morphology and diet, as without suitable dentition prey cannot be captured nor broken down for consumption. Bull sharks, Carcharhinus leucas, undergo an ontogenetic niche shift from freshwater to marine habitats, which raises the question: does tooth morphology change with ontogeny? Tooth shape, surface area and thickness were measured using both morphometrics and elliptic Fourier analysis to determine if morphology varied with position in the jaw and if there was an ontogenetic change concordant with this niche shift. Significant ontogenetic differences in tooth morphology as a function of position in the jaw and shark total length were found, with upper and lower jaws of bull sharks presenting two different tooth morphologies. Tooth shape and thickness fell into two groupings, anterior and posterior, in both the upper and lower jaws. Tooth surface area, however, indicated three groupings, mesial, intermediate and distal, in both the upper and lower jaws. While tooth morphology changed significantly with size, showing an inflection at sharks of 135 cm total length, each morphological aspect retained the same tooth groupings throughout. These ontogenetic differences in tooth morphologies reflect tooth strength, prey handling and heterodonty.
SICKLE represses photomorphogenic development of Arabidopsis seedlings via HY5‐ and PIF4‐mediated signaling
Authors: Li Tao , Li Haojie , Lian Hongmei , Song Pengyu , Wang Yulong , Duan Jie , Song Zhaoqing , Cao Yan , Xu Dongqing , Li Jigang , Zhang Huiyong
Published: July 2022

Arabidopsis CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1) and PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) are negative regulators, and ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL5 (HY5) is a positive regulator of seedling photomorphogenic development. Here, we report that SICKLE (SIC), a proline rich protein, acts as a novel negative regulator of photomorphogenesis. HY5 directly binds the SIC promoter and activates SIC expression in response to light. In turn, SIC physically interacts with HY5 and interferes with its transcriptional regulation of downstream target genes. Moreover, SIC interacts with PIF4 and promotes PIF4‐activated transcription of itself. Interestingly, SIC is targeted by COP1 for 26S proteasome‐mediated degradation in the dark. Collectively, our data demonstrate that light‐induced SIC functions as a brake to prevent exaggerated light response via mediating HY5 and PIF4 signaling, and its degradation by COP1 in the dark avoid too strong inhibition on photomorphogenesis at the beginning of light exposure.
Work Activity Pattern and Collaboration Network: New Drivers for Workplace Space Planning and Design
Authors: Tagliaro Chiara , Zhou Yaoyi , Hua Ying
Published: July 2022

Information about the users’ work activity patterns is essential for office space planning and the design of organizations. However, it is not clear yet what factors can be used for predicting work activities, especially at the group level. In this study, we found that work activity patterns of groups are associated with the workgroup's job function and their location in the organizational collaboration networks. Two hypotheses were tested through a survey conducted on a sample of 188 managers from an Italian utility company. The participants were asked about (1) the percentage of time different groups (based on job function and demographic composition) spent doing individual, collaborative, and mobile work; and (2) how network connectivity affected individual versus group work. The results showed that workgroups with different job functions spent different percentages of time on individual, mobile, and teamwork. Communication network connectivity is not significantly correlated with the amount of time spent on individual work, but statistical evidence confirmed that it plays an essential role for the assessment of the amount of work time spent on teamwork, even more than job functions. By investigating the factors affecting collaborations between groups, we advanced the research on work activity in large companies in order to complement existing studies that mostly addressed work activity patterns at the individual level. How information about collaboration networks can be utilized for space planning and flexible work arrangement policy–making is also discussed, in light of the changes that the COVID–19 pandemic has triggered.
When law and data collide: the methodological challenge of conducting mixed methods research in law
Authors: BLACKHAM ALYSIA
Published: July 2022

A mixed methods research methodology – one that integrates both qualitative and quantitative research methods – theoretically offers substantial advantages for empirical legal scholarship. I argue that mixed methods represent both a challenge to socio‐legal scholarship and an invitation to re‐evaluate our approach to socio‐legal research; indeed, mixed methods are well aligned with the inclusive and eclectic nature of the field. At present, though, these opportunities appear underutilized. This article considers how socio‐legal scholarship might advance mixed methods methodology through a renewed focus on qualitative methods, improved dialogue between methods, and an emphasis on the practical ‘messiness’ of quantitative data. Drawing on an empirical mixed methods study of the enforcement of age discrimination law, I illustrate how legal data pose their own challenges to the methodologies of quantitatively‐oriented mixed methods researchers.
Correlated evolution of craniodental morphology and feeding ecology in carnivorans: a comparative analysis of jaw lever arms at tooth positions
Authors: Harano T. , Asahara M.
Published: July 2022

Species in the mammalian order Carnivora have extremely diverse diets. The association between diet and craniodental morphology in carnivorans has been the subject of a number of studies. The distance from the jaw joint to the tooth positions may contribute to the ability to acquire and process food because it corresponds to the outlever arm when the jaw functions as a lever to generate a bite force. A shorter outlever arm relative to the inlever arm of the masticatory muscle generates a higher bite force. This study measured the distances from the jaw joint to different points of the teeth as the outlever lengths in the crania of terrestrial Carnivora species to show that outlever lengths corrected for phylogeny and a measure of the inlever length differ according to dietary habits among carnivorans. The distance from the jaw joint to the last molar was shortest in folivores, followed by aquatic prey specialists, suggesting that consumption of tough plant materials and, to some extent, aquatic prey with hard exoskeletons has favoured the evolution of a shorter outlever to allow stronger bites with enlarged molars. In contrast, among Canidae species, a shorter outlever to canines was associated with feeding on large prey, but this association was not found across carnivorans, suggesting that the correlated evolution of a shorter outlever at the canines and specialization for feeding on large prey depends on foraging and hunting behaviours. Combined, these findings provide some evidence that distances from the jaw joint to different points of the teeth are adapted to different feeding ecologies in carnivorans.
DNA methylation differences during development distinguish sympatric morphs of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus)
Authors: Matlosz Sébastien , Sigurgeirsson Benjamín , Franzdóttir Sigrídur Rut , Pálsson Arnar , Jónsson Zophonías O.
Published: July 2022

Changes in DNA methylation in specific coding or non‐coding regions can influence development and potentially divergence in traits within species and groups. While the impact of epigenetic variation on developmental pathways associated with evolutionary divergence is the focus of intense investigation, few studies have looked at recently diverged systems. Phenotypic diversity between closely related populations of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), which diverged within the last 10,000 years, offers an interesting ecological model to address such effects. Using bisulphite sequencing, we studied general DNA methylation patterns during development in the four sympatric morphs of Arctic charr from Lake Thingvallavatn. The data revealed strong differences between developmental timepoints and between morphs (mainly along the benthic–limnetic axis), both at single CpG sites and in 1000 bp‐regions. Genes located close to differentially methylated CpG sites were involved in nucleosome assembly, regulation of osteoclast differentiation, and cell‐matrix adhesion. Differentially methylated regions were enriched in tRNA and rRNA sequences, and half of them were located close to transcription start sites. The expression of 14 genes showing methylation differences over time or between morphs was further investigated by qPCR and nine of these were found to be differentially expressed between morphs. Four genes (ARHGEF37‐like, H3‐like, MPP3 and MEGF9) showed a correlation between methylation and expression. Lastly, histone gene clusters displayed interesting methylation differences between timepoints and morphs, as well as intragenic methylation variation. The results presented here provide a motivation for further studies on the contribution of epigenetic traits, such as DNA methylation, to phenotypic diversity and developmental mechanisms.
Barley guanine nucleotide exchange factor HvGEF14 is an activator of the susceptibility factor HvRACB and supports host cell entry by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei
Authors: Trutzenberg Adriana , Engelhardt Stefan , Weiß Lukas , Hückelhoven Ralph
Published: July 2022

In barley (Hordeum vulgare), signalling rat sarcoma homolog (RHO) of plants guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (ROP GTPases) support the penetration success of Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei but little is known about ROP activation. Guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) facilitate the exchange of ROP‐bound GDP for GTP and thereby turn ROPs into a signalling‐activated ROP‐GTP state. Plants possess a unique class of GEFs harbouring a plant‐specific ROP nucleotide exchanger domain (PRONE). Here, we performed phylogenetic analyses and annotated barley PRONE‐GEFs. The leaf epidermal‐expressed PRONE‐GEF HvGEF14 undergoes a transcriptional down‐regulation on inoculation with B. graminis f. sp. hordei and directly interacts with the ROP GTPase and susceptibility factor HvRACB in yeast and in planta. Overexpression of activated HvRACB or of HvGEF14 led to the recruitment of ROP downstream interactor HvRIC171 to the cell periphery. HvGEF14 further supported direct interaction of HvRACB with a HvRACB‐GTP‐binding CRIB (Cdc42/Rac Interactive Binding motif) domain‐containing HvRIC171 truncation. Finally, the overexpression of HvGEF14 caused enhanced susceptibility to fungal entry, while HvGEF14 RNAi provoked a trend to more penetration resistance. HvGEF14 might therefore play a role in the activation of HvRACB in barley epidermal cells during fungal penetration.
Lemierre's syndrome from odontogenic infection causing thrombophlebitis within the external and internal jugular veins—A case report
Authors: Winterburn Julia , Cottam Samantha
Published: July 2022

Lemierre's syndrome is a rare but potentially life‐threatening condition primarily caused by anaerobic bacteria within in the oropharyngeal region. It largely affects otherwise healthy individuals, following an oropharyngeal infection, leading to sepsis and thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein. Management can involve a prolonged course of antibiotics, exclusion of the source of infection, surgical drainage and anticoagulant therapy. This case report describes a rare presentation of this condition causing thrombosis within the external jugular vein and significant sepsis in an otherwise healthy 41‐year‐old male. He presented with severe neck pain and trismus, and the source of the infection was deemed to be an infected mandibular molar. The patient has undergone a full recovery following intravenous antibiotics, anticoagulation and later extraction of the offending tooth. Our aim is to educate clinicians on the importance of this uncommon but clinically significant condition, that is increasing in prevalence and can lead to significant morbidity.
Surgical management of peri‐implantitis: A narrative review
Authors: Thomas Jack , Claydon Nicholas
Published: July 2022

Background and aim

Peri‐implantitis is a biological complication characterised by inflammation and progressive bone loss around a dental implant. The definitions of peri‐implantitis show inconsistency, making diagnosis and treatment regimen incomparable. The 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri‐implant diseases rationalised the definition of peri‐implantitis. This narrative review aims to provide an overview of the surgical management of peri‐implantitis and critically evaluate current evidence published after the 2017 World Workshop.

Method

An electronic literature search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and The Cochrane Library was performed, limited to prospective cohort studies and randomised controlled trials. Outcome measures were: bleeding on probing, suppuration on probing, pocket probing depth and radiographic marginal bone level.

Results

Nine randomised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria. None of the studies used the 2017 World Workshop definition for peri‐implantitis. Seven studies were regenerative in nature (four xenografts, two alloplasts and one enamel matrix derivative). Two studies were non‐regenerative. Aggregation of outcome data was not possible due to significant heterogeneities for treatment protocols and volunteer inclusion criteria. All interventions led to a reduction in bleeding on probing and pocket probing depths. Gain in radiographic bone height was greater for regenerative studies.

Conclusion

Surgical interventions for peri‐implantitis appear effective at reducing clinical signs of inflammation in the short term. There is no reliable evidence to determine which methods are most effective. Universal adoption of the 2017 World Workshop definition of peri‐implantitis by future studies is a prerequisite for the development of standardised evidence‐based protocols for the treatment of peri‐implantitis.
Should we stay aware of monkeypox maxillofacial lesions?
Authors: Ribeiro Bruna Campos , Costa Samuel Macedo
Published: July 2022

Monkeypox is an endemic infectious disease commonly observed only in Central Africa; however in the last month, WHO considered it an international outbreak, with several cases described in a short span. Oral surgeons are exposed to patients at risk for monkeypox and some of the most prevalent lesions could be observed first in the maxillofacial region. The knowledge of the common signs and symptoms of the monkeypox and associated diseases is fundamental to the report and referral to infectious diseases centers for definitive treatment and public health control. This letter to the editor summarizes the associated diseases and common maxillofacial lesions observed in monkeypox infection.
Comparison of two point‐of‐care measurements of hemoglobin against standard laboratory values during pediatric liver transplantation: A retrospective review
Authors: Morris Bethany L. , Hajduk John , Cheon Eric C. , Ballard Heather A. , Burjek Nicholas E.
Published: July 2022

Background

Point‐of‐care hemoglobin testing devices play an important role in intraoperative anesthetic management where significant hemorrhage is anticipated; however, the reliability of these devices has not been examined in the context of pediatric liver transplantation. In this retrospective observational study, we aimed to determine whether 95% of results from two point‐of‐care hemoglobinometers, the HemoCue and iSTAT, would fall within a difference of ±1 g/dl, our a priori‐defined clinically acceptable level of agreement, of the hemoglobin measures on a core laboratory complete blood count.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data from 70 patients presenting for a liver transplant at a single center, tertiary care pediatric hospital over a 3.5‐year period. We analyzed 92 contemporaneous pairs of hemoglobin values from the HemoCue and complete blood count, and 252 pairs of hemoglobin values from the iSTAT and complete blood count. Agreement between the point‐of‐care devices and complete blood count was assessed using Bland–Altman analysis, which was the primary outcome. Secondary analyses included an error grid analysis and Cohen's kappa statistic.

Results

Both point‐of‐care devices underestimated complete blood count hemoglobin values and neither device satisfied our a priori‐defined clinically acceptable level of agreement that 95% of values would fall within ±1 g/dl of the complete blood count measurement. The mean difference [limits of agreement] of the HemoCue was 0.4 g/dl (p < .001) [−0.9 to 1.6 g/dl] and of the iSTAT was 0.6 g/dl (p < .001) [−1.4 to 2.6 g/dl]. Secondary error grid analysis revealed that neither device performed well enough to replace a complete blood count at critical thresholds of hemoglobin values.

Conclusions

While the HemoCue and iSTAT contribute information in a timely manner during dynamic intraoperative situations, there is significant imprecision compared to the gold standard complete blood count. If clinical stability allows, the results of these point‐of‐care hemoglobinometers should be confirmed with a complete blood count, rather than being used as the sole factor in determining transfusion needs during pediatric liver transplantation.
Hypothetical model for on‐the‐job training through case conferences of public health nurses
Authors: Sato Taichi , Ishimaru Mina
Published: July 2022

Public health nurses (PHNs) face difficulties supporting vulnerable individuals and families. On‐the‐job training (OJT) is essential for improving nurses’ competencies. However, PHN managers lack the knowledge to systematically implement OJT. The aim of this study was to develop a hypothetical model to systematically promote OJT for PHNs through case conferences (CC). Literature review, based on an integrative approach, has three stages: (1) theoretical framework development, (2) literature review, and (3) modeling. Literature review from five databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycInfo, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Japan Medical Abstract Society) was conducted to identify the OJT process, its outcomes, and the conditions associated with OJT according to the theoretical framework. Based on 18 articles, this model progressed from “OJT process through CC,” comprising the CC design, implementation, and evaluation to OJT produced “outcomes through CC.” Outcomes included staff perception and behavior changes, improvements in client's condition, and staff turnover reductions. The OJT model involved “conditions for implementing CC as OJT” and “individual and organizational conditions.” Future research should incorporate the social, political, and historical contexts of specific practice situations into the hypothetical model to help refine the model to be used in practice.
Theopoetics as Radical Political TheologyTheopoetics and Religious Difference: The Unruliness of the Interreligious: A Dialogue with Richard Kearney, John D. Caputo, and Catherine Keller, MariusvanHoogstraten, Mohr Siebeck, 2020 (ISBN 978‐3‐16‐159800‐5), xi + 260 pp., pb €84Sovereignty and Event: The Political in John D. Caputo's Radical Theology, Calvin D.Ullrich, Mohr Siebeck, 2021 (ISBN 978‐3‐16‐159230‐0), xii + 273 pp., pb €94
Authors: Novak Mark
Published: July 2022

This paper examines works in two of the major streams of thought in contemporary Continental philosophy of religion and theology—theopoetics and political theology—that loosely hang together by two shared threads: philosopher‐cum‐(radical)theologian John D. Caputo and the question of how to live well with the Other. After examining each book in turn, I weave their thoughts together showing how both theopoetics and radical political theology have the same shared aim. This aim is, namely, to deconstruct harmful and outdated narratives about God that have created unjust political systems and relations with other religions, to in turn continually ‘make‐true’ the democracy to‐come.
Identification of Mistuning Based on Forced Response Measurements and Assessment for a Real Compressor Blisk
Authors: Seeger Benjamin , Kohlmann Lukas , Schoenenborn Harald , Schwarz Stefan , Krack Malte
Published: July 2022

We develop a novel method for the identification of mistuned blisks. The method relies on forced response measurements in a certain target frequency band. Modal stiffness deviations and an overall structural damping coefficient are obtained using a least-squares fit, fully consistent with a component-mode-based reduced-order model. To achieve a high frequency resolution in a very short test, we carry out rapid frequency sweeps and use a noise-robust, wavelet-based estimation of the steady-state response. The forcing is eliminated from the equations governing the mistuning parameters, and it is identified separately to reconstruct the forced response if requested. We first validate the method numerically and then apply it experimentally to a compressor blisk with an alternating (B-A) mistuning pattern. While most previous works on mistuning identification are limited to the lowest 1-2 mode families, we assess the method for the seventh (1C) and eighth (3T) mode family. Measured and reconstructed frequency responses are in good to very good agreement. We conclude that the developed method is useful to obtain high-quality estimates of mistuning parameters, which can then be used for vibration prediction.
Biosynthesis of Aurodox, a Type III Secretion System Inhibitor from Streptomyces goldiniensis
Authors: McHugh Rebecca E. , Munnoch John T. , Braes Robyn E. , McKean Iain J. W. , Giard Josephine , Taladriz-Sender Andrea , Peschke Frederik , Burley Glenn A. , Roe Andrew J. , Hoskisson Paul A.
Published: July 2022

Enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC) is a significant global pathogen for which traditional antibiotic treatment is not recommended. Aurodox inhibits the ability of EHEC to establish infection in the host gut through the specific targeting of the type III secretion system while circumventing the induction of toxin production associated with traditional antibiotics.
PioABC-Dependent Fe(II) Oxidation during Photoheterotrophic Growth on an Oxidized Carbon Substrate Increases Growth Yield
Authors: Haas Nicholas W. , Jain Abhiney , Hying Zachary , Arif Sabrina J. , Niehaus Thomas D. , Gralnick Jeffrey A. , Fixen Kathryn R.
Published: July 2022

The simultaneous use of carbon and reduced metals such as Fe(II) by bacteria is thought to be widespread in aquatic environments, and a mechanistic description of this process could improve our understanding of biogeochemical cycles. Anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria like
Rhodopseudomonas palustris
typically use light for energy and organic compounds as both a carbon and an electron source.
Comparative Metagenomic Analysis of Biosynthetic Diversity across Sponge Microbiomes Highlights Metabolic Novelty, Conservation, and Diversification
Authors: Loureiro Catarina , Galani Anastasia , Gavriilidou Asimenia , Chaib de Mares Maryam , van der Oost John , Medema Marnix H. , Sipkema Detmer
Published: July 2022

Marine sponges and their microbial symbiotic communities are a rich source of diverse natural products (NPs). However, little is known about the sponge NP global distribution landscape and the symbionts that produce them.
p53 Binding Sites in Long Terminal Repeat 5Hs (LTR5Hs) of Human Endogenous Retrovirus K Family (HML-2 Subgroup) Play Important Roles in the Regulation of LTR5Hs Transcriptional Activity
Authors: Liu Mengying , Jia Lei , Li Hanping , Liu Yongjian , Han Jingwan , Wang Xiaolin , Li Tianyi , Li Jingyun , Zhang Bohan , Zhai Xiuli , Yu Changyuan , Li Lin
Published: July 2022

Human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) were integrated into the human genome in ancient times and have been coevolving with the host. Since the Human Genome Project, HERVs have attracted increasing attention.
Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from the Same Cystic Fibrosis Respiratory Sample Coexist in Coculture
Authors: Bernardy Eryn E. , Raghuram Vishnu , Goldberg Joanna B.
Published: July 2022

Previous studies have shown that in laboratory settings,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
generally kills
Staphylococcus aureus
. However, these bacteria are often found coinfecting the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, which has been associated with worse patient outcomes.
The Knock-Down of the Chloroquine Resistance Transporter PfCRT Is Linked to Oligopeptide Handling in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Sanchez Cecilia P. , Manson Erin D. T. , Moliner Cubel Sonia , Mandel Luis , Weidt Stefan K. , Barrett Michael P. , Lanzer Michael
Published: July 2022

The chloroquine resistance transporter, PfCRT, is important for the survival of the human malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
. It increases the tolerance to many antimalarial drugs, and it is essential for the development of the parasite within red blood cells.
Mercury evidence of Deccan volcanism driving the Latest Maastrichtian warming event
Authors: Li Sha , Grasby Stephen E. , Zhao Xiangdong , Chen Jiubin , Zheng Daran , Wang He , Fang Yanan , Zhang Qi , Yu Tingting , Tian Jingxiang , Du Shengxian , Jarzembowski Edmund A. , Wang Qifei , Zhang Haichun , Wan Xiaoqiao , Wang Bo
Published: July 2022

The timing and ecological impacts of the Deccan Traps large igneous province eruption are vigorously debated. Pre–Cretaceous-Paleogene (KPg) boundary impacts of Deccan volcanism have been widely identified in marine sediments, but direct evidence of terrestrial impacts remains rare. We used mercury concentrations and isotopic compositions, a proxy for volcanic activity, to assess impacts on terrestrial environments. We studied two drill cores across the KPg boundary in eastern China that represent two different depositional environments: clastic deposits in the Jiaolai Basin and carbonate deposits in the Pingyi Basin. Both drill cores exhibit strong Hg enrichment prior to the KPg boundary. Near consistent mass-independent fractionation (MIF) of odd-Hg isotopes (odd-MIF) in the Jiaolai Basin likely indicates a volcanogenic source of Hg spikes below the KPg boundary. Odd-MIF isotopes in the Pingyi Basin likewise suggest a volcanogenic Hg source but with a terrestrial Hg signature of lower Δ199Hg values before and after the Hg spike interval. The Hg enrichment level can be stratigraphically correlated to the beginning of the Latest Maastrichtian warming event (LMWE) and is consistent with a strong, negative carbon-isotope excursion (CIE) in both δ13Corg (organic matter) and δ13Ccarb (carbonate), suggesting a disturbance of the global carbon cycle induced by a major pulse of Deccan Traps volcanism. Our discovery of a ter-restrial record of pre-KPg boundary Deccan volcanism provides robust evidence of global influence of the Deccan Traps large igneous province during the LMWE.
Hydrodynamic invalidation of synformal traps for dissolved CO2
Authors: Stewart S.A. , Riddell L.A.
Published: July 2022

Reservoirs with the geometry of structural lows trap negatively buoyant fluids, mirroring the way structural highs trap positively buoyant fluids. In both scenarios, lateral flow of reservoir water alters the trapping geometry by causing fluid contacts to tilt. Tilt increases in proportion to hydraulic head gradient increases and the density contrast between the flowing and trapped fluids decreases. Positively buoyant, immiscible supercritical CO2 is at least 20% lighter than typical saline formation waters at CO2 subsurface storage pressures and temperatures, and would experience relatively low tilts, <1°, similar to hydrocarbon fields. On the other hand, CO2-saturated brines are within 1% of the density of CO2-free equivalent brine. This relatively low density contrast creates tilted contacts at much higher angles even at the low hydraulic head gradients that typify deep saline aquifers. For example, a fluid contact with 0.5% density contrast exceeds 2° tilt for hydraulic head gradients of only 15 cm/km. Many large and basin-scale synformal traps are formed with structural dips of just a few degrees and therefore cannot trap CO2 solutions under hydrodynamic conditions. This problem could be overcome by utilization of hydrodynamic traps or appropriately configured structural-stratigraphic traps for CO2 sequestration.
Transient cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis following ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine
Authors: Ahmer Sadaf , Bourke Jack , Ardakani Nima Mesbah
Published: July 2022

Cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis is an immune-complex-mediated, systemic inflammatory syndrome usually involving small-to-medium vessels due to precipitation of cryoglobulins at <37°C. It can involve any organ but most commonly affects the skin. Associated conditions include infections (hepatitis C and HIV), haematological disorders (chronic lymphocytic lymphoma, monoclonal gammopathy of uncertain significance and multiple myeloma), autoimmune conditions (systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren syndrome) or as a complication following vaccination (influenza, pneumococcal and hepatitis B vaccines). Biochemical hallmarks include detection of serum cryoglobulin with low C4 levels. We describe a case of previous healthy patient with transient cryoglobulinaemic vasculitis after first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AstraZeneca/Oxford).
Omalizumab as a treatment option for antihistamine-refractory aquagenic urticaria
Authors: Kaur Sehajpreet , Jabbal Iktej Singh , Bhasin Arveen Kaur
Published: July 2022

A teenage girl presented with symptoms of itching and hives on contact with water for 3 years. On specific provocative testing and ruling out underlying systemic conditions, she was diagnosed with aquagenic urticaria. Following failed attempts to control her symptoms with second-generation antihistamines, she was started on monthly subcutaneous injections of the monoclonal antibody, omalizumab. The patient demonstrated significant improvement, with symptoms being well-controlled for 2 years now. She enjoys a good quality of life and can take a shower without developing itching or hives.