bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial and Temporal Pattern of Drought Hazard under Different RCP Scenarios for China in the 21st century
Authors: Pan Tao , Chen Jie , Liu Yujie
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Drought is one of the most common natural disasters with significant negative impacts on socio-economic development and the natural environment. Evaluating this hazard is essential for risk assessment and management. In this study, historical climate data from 1961 to 2010 were used to determine the appropriate timescales for applying the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) to evaluate drought. Simulated representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 climate data for 2011–2099 in China was obtained from the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISI-MIP). Then, the Mann–Kendall (M–K) test was used to assess the significance of drought trends. The frequency of three drought grades and duration were chosen to reflect the spatial and temporal variation in drought hazards in three time periods, 2011–2040, 2041–2070 and 2071–2099. Results indicate that 2071–2099 will face the most severe droughts, with the highest frequency (32.54 % for RCP4.5 and 32.55 % for RCP8.5) and longest duration (3.93 months for RCP4.5 and 4.12 months for RCP8.5), followed by 2041–2070 and 2011–2040. In terms of spatial distribution, drought hazards in north China (Medium temperate zone, Warm temperate zone and Plateau temperate zone) will be greater than in south China, especially the non-monsoon region. Comparing the two scenarios, drought hazards from RCP8.5 are higher than that from RCP4.5, i.e., higher frequency (32.35 % for RCP8.5 and 32.26 % for RCP4.5), longer duration of drought (3.84 months for RCP8.5 and 3.76 months for RCP4.5) and more significant drying trends. These results provide a reference for adapting to extreme climate change and the prevention and reduction of disaster risks.
Implementing an interprofessional information literacy course: impact on student abilities and attitudes
Authors: Rapchak Marcia E. , Nolfi David A. , Turk Melanie T. , Marra Lori , O'Neil Christine K.
Published: October 2018

Objectives: The authors investigated the impact of an interprofessional, freshman-level, information literacy course on nursing, pharmacy, and allied health professions students by examining whether students successfully met learning objectives in the course related to interprofessional attitudes, identification of research study types, and ability to relate evidence-based practice questions to their disciplines.Methods: Student posters (n=20) completed in a team project were evaluated to determine whether students were able to accurately identify the type of evidence, population, intervention, and primary outcome of studies (n=192). Additionally, posters (n=78) were evaluated to assess whether students could identify a relevant foreground question and link it to their disciplines. Students also completed the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) before (n=413) and after (n=352) the course to determine whether their attitudes toward interprofessional learning changed.Results: Students performed well on learning outcomes in the course, with most teams identifying relevant evidence-based practice questions (83.8%) and effectively connecting questions with their disciplines (65.4%). Students correctly identified the type of evidence, population, intervention, and primary outcome for 70.0%, 81.8%, 76.0%, and 74.0% of cited studies, respectively. Student attitudes after the course did not significantly change.Conclusion: Interprofessional information literacy education can generate positive learning experiences for freshman health care professions students to increase their beginning-level understanding of research in the health care professions and to prepare them for participation in future interprofessional courses and health care teams. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
Creating “wizards” on the library’s website
Authors: Williams Berika , Berlanstein Debra
Published: October 2018

Objectives: The library website is the virtual front door to the variety of services that the authors’ library offers. Library staff found confusion arose focused on two areas: how to reserve rooms in the library and how to reuse images using best practices. Two interactive forms were created that would hide and reveal content based on choices and lead the patron to answers.Methods: Brainstorming meetings were held to create a flow chart that identified the specific questions to be answered that would lead users to a logical answer. Once the correct flow was created, we approached each of these challenges by creating a custom module decision tree, using code through Drupal’s application programming interface (API) for forms.Results: The image reuse decision tree went live on the library website on February 17, 2017, and the room reservation wizard went live on August 27, 2017. By the end of the spring 2018 semester on May 18, 2018, the room reservation wizard had been accessed 1,945 times and risen to number 7 on the list of top-accessed website pages, and the image reuse wizard had been accessed 484 times.Conclusions: The popularity of both the decision tree pages is exciting. Both “wizards” have empowered users to find an answer to their questions virtually, especially during nonbusiness hours.This article was selected by the Virtual Projects Advisory Committee of technology experts after an annual call for projects in MLA-FOCUS and announcements to encourage submissions from all types of libraries.
High-performance computing service for bioinformatics and data science
Authors: Courneya Jean-Paul , Mayo Alexa
Published: October 2018

Despite having an ideal setup in their labs for wet work, researchers often lack the computational infrastructure to analyze the magnitude of data that result from “-omics” experiments. In this innovative project, the library supports analysis of high-throughput data from global molecular profiling experiments by offering a high-performance computer with open source software along with expert bioinformationist support. The audience for this new service is faculty, staff, and students for whom using the university’s large scale, CORE computational resources is not warranted because these resources exceed the needs of smaller projects. In the library’s approach, users are empowered to analyze high-throughput data that they otherwise would not be able to on their own computers. To develop the project, the library’s bioinformationist identified the ideal computing hardware and a group of open source bioinformatics software to provide analysis options for experimental data such as scientific images, sequence reads, and flow cytometry files. To close the loop between learning and practice, the bioinformationist developed self-guided learning materials and workshops or consultations on topics such as the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s BLAST, Bioinformatics on the Cloud, and ImageJ. Researchers apply the data analysis techniques that they learned in the classroom in an ideal computing environment.This article was selected by the Virtual Projects Advisory Committee of technology experts after an annual call for projects in MLA-FOCUS and announcements to encourage submissions from all types of libraries.
SciFinder
Authors: Gabrielson Stephen Walter
Published: October 2018

SciFinder, a resource from the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS), is a curated database of chemical and bibliographic information that covers several scientific and biomedical fields, with an emphasis on chemistry. SciFinder is an appropriate resource to consult for literature searches and to find background information on chemicals, drugs, and substances.
Cochrane Interactive Learning
Authors: Ghezzi-Kopel Kate
Published: October 2018

Cochrane Interactive Learning (CIL) is a modular, self-directed, educational tool for researchers performing systematic reviews. Systematic reviews present unbiased, transparent, and reproducible syntheses of all research pertaining to a well-formulated question and are a critical tool to inform clinical practice and decision-making. Researchers must adhere to a rigorous set of standards when performing systematic reviews, and robust training is required to learn the complex requirements of the methodology. CIL provides an accessible, well-designed, step-by-step guide for navigating the systematic review process. This resource review outlines the major features of CIL and discusses the usability and accessibility of this learning tool for both researchers and librarians.
The Role and Potential of Social Worker Involvement in Hospital Emergency Departments: A Practice-Based Scoping Review
Authors: Bell Johann , Davies Brett , Walsh Claire , Knowlman Hannah , Hefford Tina , Kuipers Pim
Published: October 2018

Background: Social worker input into hospital emergency department (ED) services would appear to be central to the provision of effective, durable and comprehensive services. Unfortunately, there are few literature overviews to summarise this potential.Methods: A practice-based scoping review was conducted to identify the role and potential of social worker involvement in emergency department settings. After initial screening, abstracts of 252 articles were read and screened, resulting in 37 articles, which were reviewed and thematically analysed by pairs of reviewers, and also appraised for quality and relevance.Results: Three key practice areas of social work involvement in emergency departments were identified: mental health, suicide risk and crisis, and chronic disease. Details of social work involvement in each key practice area as noted in the literature were outlined. Beyond this, two priority focus areas were also noted: social work screening and assessment in ED, and developing a social work model that is relevant to ED.Conclusion: The identified key practice areas and priority focus areas provide a useful guide for practitioners (to more clearly define their assistance and interventions in ED), and for managers and academics (to more clearly guide the development of social work policy, practice and staffing models in ED settings).
Clinical Access Assessment
Authors: Tessitore Nicola , Bedogna Valeria , Verlato Giuseppe , Poli Albino
Published: October 2018

Background

Vascular access guidelines recommend routine screening for the timely detection of stenosis using noninvasive methods, including clinical assessment (monitoring) and device-based surveillance relying on access blood flow (Qa) and static intra-access pressure (sVPR, static venous pressure ratio) measurements and duplex ultrasound (DU).

Methods

We reviewed the literature to see how monitoring compares with surveillance in terms of compliance with the World Health Organization's criteria for screening tests.

Results

The fundamental element of monitoring, physical examination (PE), has a fair-to-good performance in detecting stenosis in both fistulas and grafts, similar to the Qa criteria recommended in the guidelines. In fistulas, the “or” combination of a positive PE with a Qa <900 mL/min or sVPR >0.5 is more sensitive in detecting stenosis (in up to 98% of cases), making it as good as DU. In grafts, PE performed significantly less well in diagnosing stenosis than sVPR or DU. In randomized controlled trials on fistulas, Qa surveillance enables a significant halving of the risk of thrombosis and access loss by comparison with monitoring alone when Qa criteria highly sensitive to stenosis are considered. In grafts, neither Qa nor DU nor sVPR is able to reduce thrombosis or access loss rates by comparison with monitoring alone.

Conclusions

Our analysis indicates that regular monitoring should be the backbone of any vascular access stenosis screening program (possibly associated with Qa and sVPR surveillance for fistulas), and PE should be part of every teaching program for caregivers involved in hemodialysis.
THE PATIENT’S WILL TO MEDICAL INTERVENTION – PRO FUTURO STATEMENT
Authors: Przybyłek Edyta , Rej-Kietla Anna , Kryska Sandra , Zawadzki Dariusz
Published: October 2018

A patient’s will statement is a document of special importance. In accordance with the provision included in the pro futuro statement, the patient declares that in certain situations in the future he does not want any or specific medical interventions to be taken against him.The purpose of this article is to present the subject of the pro futuro statement with the indication of the problems related to the use of this statement. The issue of a patient’s will statement regarding medical intervention will be analyzed based on available Polish and international legislation related to this issue and the analysis of specialized literature in this area.
POLISH REPORT ON STRIKES
Authors: Świątkowski Andrzej
Published: October 2018

The purpose of this report is to explain is to present collective labour law in the broad political, economic, social and legal context. Although this analysis deals with strikes in Poland between the Great Wars, socialist Poland and the current third Polish Republic this study tries to explain an importance of statutory regulations of the right to strike as well as the right to organize strikes both in the capitalist system (1918-1939), at the beginning of the last decade of social Poland (1981-1989) and after the both political and economic changes had been introduced (since June 1989 until now). The Author must admit, though, he did not try to identify labour law as a political subject rather than a really legal one. He was under the obligation imposed by the German-Israeli leading team of the world wide research network to provide the most comprehensive respondes to the questions posed.
Catalyzing organizational change: Strategies and tools to implement your scholarly communication agenda
Authors: Pressley Lauren
Published: October 2018

As ACRL President, I spend much of my time thinking about the priorities we have identified as part of our Plan for Excellence: our new signature initiative focused on equity, diversity, and inclusion; the value of academic libraries, student learning; research and the scholarly environment; and new roles and changing landscapes.1 Though this plan has designated areas of focus, I’m sure we all have had experiences that demonstrate that these themes intersect with each other. Thinking systemically across these themes, we can enable the evolution of academic libraries in ways that support our core mission across multiple domains of service.
Fast Facts
Authors: Pattillo Gary
Published: October 2018

Recovering tarnished 19th-century imagesUnpaywallMisinfodemicsInternational graduate applications and enrollment in U.S. institutionsNational Endowment for the Humanities funding
Diferencias de sexo y curso en cyberbullying en estudiantes españoles de 5º y 6º de educación primaria
Authors: Delgado Domenech Beatriz , Escortell Sánchez Raquel
Published: October 2018

El acoso a través de las tecnologías informáticas o cyberbullying es un fenómeno de aparición reciente pero de gran impacto en el bienestar de los menores. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar las diferencias de cyberbullying (víctimas, acosadores y observadores) atendiendo al sexo y curso. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 548 estudiantes de 5º y 6º de educación primaria con un rango de edad de 10 a 13 años. Los resultados indican que las chicas son significativamente más victimizadas que los chicos, y puntúan más alto en siete conductas de acoso y cinco conductas de observación. Los alumnos de los dos cursos presentan similares puntuaciones para ser víctima, acosador y observador de cyberbullying. No obstante, los alumnos de 5º curso destacan en la difusión de fotos robadas y la realización de chantajes o amenazas, mientras que los de 6º curso lo hacen en conductas relacionadas con chantajes para no desvelar secretos a través de la red. Con relación a los observadores, son los escolares de 5º curso los que afirman en mayor medida observar llamadas anónimas y de acoso sexual. Las evidencias halladas se discuten señalando las implicaciones prácticas para la elaboración de programas de intervención.
Cognitive Switching Affects Arithmetic Strategy Selection: Evidence from Eye-gaze and Behavioral Measures
Authors: Wang Xiangyan , Zhong Leilei , Si Jiwei , Yang Weixing , Yang Yalin
Published: October 2018

Although many studies of cognitive switching have been conducted, little is known about whether and how cognitive switching affects individuals’ use of arithmetic strategies. We used estimation and numerical comparison tasks within the operand recognition paradigm and the choice/no-choice paradigm to explore the effects of cognitive switching on the process of arithmetic strategy selection. Results showed that individuals’ performance in the baseline task was superior to that in the switching task. Presentation mode and cognitive switching clearly influenced eye-gaze patterns during strategy selection, with longer fixation duration in the number presentation mode than in the clock presentation mode. Furthermore, the number of fixation was greater in the switching task than it was in the the baseline task. These results indicate that the effects of cognitive switching on arithmetic strategy selection are clearly constrained by the manner in which numbers are presented.
The role of executive function in social competence and behavioural problems in childhood education
Authors: Romero-López Miriam , Pichardo María-Carmen , Ingoglia Sonia , Justicia Fernando
Published: October 2018

Diversos estudios han encontrado una relación entre la función ejecutiva, los problemas de conducta y la competencia social. Sin embargo, hasta este momento, pocos estudios han investigado el papel de los distintos componentes de la función ejecutiva en la competencia social, o en los problemas de comportamiento más frecuentes en la educación infantil. Por esta razón, el objetivo principal de este artículo es evaluar la relación de las funciones ejecutivas con los problemas de conducta y la competencia social en la infancia. El estudio incluyó 260 estudiantes, de 5 años. Los resultados del análisis de ruta demostraron que todos los componentes de las funciones ejecutivas predicen, al menos, un problema de comportamiento. Sin embargo, solo los déficits en flexibilidad y memoria de trabajo predijeron adaptabilidad y habilidades sociales. En conclusión,
Stability of Measure In High Intellectual Ability: Preliminary Results
Authors: Sastre-Riba Sylvia , Fonseca-Pedrero Eduardo , Castelló-Tarrida Antoni
Published: October 2018

Despite there having been improvements in efficiency and ease on test scoring for individuals with high intellectual ability, the stability of these scores is not assured. The main objective of our research is a preliminary detection of variations in test scores from a group of children that were identified as having HIA. This was done by means of a single-time assessment of children currently following an enrichment program. A total of n=26 students participated (19 male and 7 female) in the study. The age range was between 12 and 17 years, being the average age 13.89 years (SD = 1.09 years). Differential Aptitude Test (DAT-5) and Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) were used to assess the logical-deductive intellectual skills and creative thinking. The results show that test scores may change in a considerable amount in many supposedly HIA individuals. More than 30% of the variance cannot be attributed to common components in the two measurements points. The scores in creativity were the most fluctuating, something that could be expected of these scales having the lowest reliability indexes. Only eight participants remain steady, according to the one standard deviation criterion, and it is quite notorious that two participants show a decrease in three subscales out of five. On the other hand, two other participants have shown an increase in one subscale as well as a decrease in another. In order to foster HIA individuals and their wellbeing, it is essential to be careful with mistaken diagnoses (false-negatives and false-positives), given the fact that they will lead to developmental consequences.
Desajuste psicosocial en la adolescencia: socialización parental, autoestima y uso de sustancias
Authors: Riquelme Maria , Garcia Oscar F , Serra Emilia
Published: October 2018

Este estudio analiza la vulnerabilidad de los adolescentes a partir de la autoestima y el consumo de sustancias, y la protección o riesgo del estilo de socialización. La muestra fue de 1445 adolescentes españoles (59.4% mujeres), 600 tempranos de 12 a 15 años (41.5%) y 845 tardíos de 16 a 17 años (58.5%). Las familias se clasificaron en una de las cuatro tipologías: indulgente, autorizativa, autoritaria y negligente. El ajuste de los hijos se midió con autoestima (emocional, familiar y física) y consumo de sustancias (alcohol, tabaco, cannabis y drogas de síntesis). Los resultados mostraron que en la adolescencia tardía la vulnerabilidad fue mayor que en la temprana. Se encontró una interacción entre la etapa de la adolescencia y el sexo. Los adolescentes tardíos presentaron mayor consumo de sustancias (aunque no las adolescentes) en cannabis y drogas de síntesis. La menor autoestima emocional correspondió a las adolescentes tardías y la menor autoestima familiar a los adolescentes tardíos. El estilo parental no interactuó con la etapa de la adolescencia ni con el sexo. El estilo indulgente igualó, o incluso mejoró, la protección respecto del autorizativo, mientras que los estilos parentales autoritario y negligente actuaron como factores de riesgo.
Evidencias psicométricas sobre la validez y fiabilidad del cuestionario de capital psicológico (PCQ-12) en población mexicana
Authors: Santana-Cárdenas Soraya , Viseu João Nuno , López-Núñez María Inmaculada , Jesus Saúl Neves
Published: October 2018

El capital psicológico es un constructo que se incluye en el marco de comportamiento organizacional positivo, que se basa en principios positivos de psicología. Este concepto está compuesto por cuatro dimensiones interrelacionadas: autoeficacia, esperanza, resiliencia y optimismo. El objetivo de este estudio fue reportar las propiedades psicométricas de una de las medidas de capital psicológico, el Cuestionario de Capital Psicológico-12 (PCQ-12), en una muestra de 396 trabajadores mexicanos. La estructura del factor de este instrumento se analizó a través de un análisis factorial confirmatorio. La fiabilidad se evaluó con los coeficientes alfa y compuestos de Cronbach. Además, también se evaluaron la validez convergente y discriminante. Con base en tres modelos concurrentes, se observó que el modelo que tenía un mejor ajuste estaba compuesto por cuatro factores correlacionados. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados y se brindan recomendaciones para futuras investigaciones. Este documento, que presenta una estructura factorial diferente a la habitual del capital psicológico, sugiere que las diferencias culturales pueden jugar un papel crucial en la forma en que se comporta la construcción evaluada.
С КОРИСНИЦИМА, ЗА КОРИСНИКЕ – НЕОБАВЕЗНО, НЕУОБИЧАЈЕНО
Authors: Сиротовић Сузана
Published: October 2018

Партнерство између јавне библиотеке и основних школавеома је важан и увек актуелан аспект за што успешнији радбиблиотекара са децом. У Народној библиотеци ,,Доситеј Новаковић“ уНеготину рођена је идеја да прича о здравој храни и рецепти исписани иукрашени руком ученика нађу своје место на страницама књиге. Тако јенастао ,,Ђачки посни кувар“, који је промовисан у Неготину, наРегионалном скупу библиотекара у Видину (Бугарска), Сабору учитеља уБеограду, Библионету, семинару вероучитеља Епархије тимочке, Радио–Београду… Рад показује како основци, ученици нижих разреда,корисници библиотеке, стварају за кориснике на необавезан инеуобичајен начин. Ученици припремајући ,,Сланише“ и ,,Слаткише“уче, раде, истражују, комуницирају, друже се и забављају уз помоћ новихинформационих технологија трудећи се да задовоље два главнакритеријума, а то су брзина и ефикасност. Ово је пример једне добрепраксе у виду сарадње и узајамне подршке Библиотеке, градскихосновних школа, Саборне цркве и Општине.
КРЕАТИВНИ БИБЛИОТЕКАР У СЛУЖБИ ПРОМОЦИЈЕ ЧИТАЊА
Authors: Јокић Јелена , Стошић Александра , Улетиловић Александра
Published: October 2018

Улога библиотеке у оквиру заједнице је посредништвоизмеђу читалаца и информације. Да би се прецепција библиотеке каомјеста гдје посуђујемо књиге у потпуности промијенила, потребно је да сеактивно комуницира како са читаоцима, тако и са локалном заједницому оквиру које библиотека дјелује. Како би се у ери дигитализације иглобализације привукли читаоци, библиотекари користе савремене ииновативне методе. У раду желимо приказати како библиотекариИнформативно-позајмног одјељења Народне и универзитетскебиблиотеке Републике Српске на креативан и маштовит начинмотивишу постојеће и привлаче будуће читаоце.
Multistate Logic Inverter Based on Black Phosphorus/SnSeS Heterostructure
Authors: Lv Wenxing , Fu Xia , Luo Xin , Lv Weiming , Cai Jialin , Zhang Baoshun , Wei Zhongming , Liu Zhongyuan , Zeng Zhongming
Published: October 2018

van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures have attracted intensive attention due to their great potential in future functional electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, a systematic electrical transport investigation on black phosphorus (BP)/SnSeS heterostructures is presented. The BP/SnSeS heterostructure shows diverse diode functional features by modulating BP channel length and back‐gate modulation, which is closely associated with the carrier tunneling at the heterojunction interface. The performances of the logic inverter based on the BP/SnSeS heterojunction are effectively enhanced by increasing the source voltage, and a middle state is observed with the increase of BP channel length. These findings could stimulate further research activities on vdW heterostructures for multiple functionality devices.
[Co@Sn6Sb6]3−: Ein endohedraler 12‐Atom‐Cluster mit einem nicht‐zentrierten inneren Atom
Authors: Wilson Robert J. , Hastreiter Florian , Reiter Kevin , Büschelberger Philipp , Wolf Robert , Gschwind Ruth M. , Weigend Florian , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: October 2018

Wir berichten von dem asymmetrischen Einschluss eines einzelnen Metallatoms in einen 12‐atomigen Cluster. Drei Salze verwandter intermetalloider Clusteranionen, [Co@Sn6Sb6]3− (1), [Co2@Sn5Sb7]3− (2) und [Ni2@Sn7Sb5]3− (3) wurden synthetisiert, die pseudo‐C4v‐ oder pseudo‐D4h‐symmetrische 12‐atomige Sn/Sb‐Clusterhüllen und interstitielle Co−‐Ionen oder Ni‐Atome besitzen. 1 ist ein sehr ungewöhnlicher, durch ein einzelnes Metallatom “zentrierter” 12‐Atom‐Cluster, da das innere Atom aus energetischen Gründen klar aus einer zentralen Position ausgelenkt ist. Mittels quantenchemischer Rechnungen konnten die Atomsorten den Atompositionen zugeordnet und relative Stabilitäten möglicher Isomere dieses Clustertyps bestimmt werden. Die Studien zeigen, dass die Gesamtvalenzelektronenzahl der Cluster – die bei ternären intermetalloiden Clusteranionen besonders leicht variiert – ihre Struktur determiniert. Erste 119Sn‐NMR‐Studien in Lösung, die von quantenchemischen Rechnungen flankiert wurden, illustrieren die Komplexität solcher Systeme bezüglich der Sn:Sb‐Verteilung.
Tanzende Vesikel: Proteinoszillationen führen zu periodischer Membranverformung
Authors: Litschel Thomas , Ramm Beatrice , Maas Roel , Heymann Michael , Schwille Petra
Published: October 2018

Das bakterielle Min‐Proteinsystem wurde in unilamellaren Riesenvesikeln (GUVs) verkapselt. Es lassen sich mehrere Moden von raumzeitlichen Mustern in kugelförmigen GUVs unterscheiden. Bei osmotisch entspannten GUVs verändert sich die Vesikelform im Zusammenspiel mit den Min‐Oszillationen periodisch. Dabei geht die reversible Anlagerung von Min‐Proteinen aus dem Vesikelinnern an die Membran mit drastischen Veränderungen der mechanischen Eigenschaften der Lipiddoppelschicht einher. Zwei Arten periodischer Membran‐Formveränderungen sind hervorzuheben: 1) GUVs, die sich wiederholt in zwei miteinander verbundene Kammern aufspalten und dann wieder zu einem hantelförmigen Kompartiment verschmelzen; 2) GUVs, die ein periodisches Knospen und anschließendes Verschmelzen der Knospen mit dem Muttervesikel zeigen, begleitet von einer übergreifenden Formänderung des Vesikels. Diese auf Reaktion‐Diffusion basierende Protein‐Selbstorganisation kann damit direkt sichtbare mechanische Auswirkungen auf Membrankompartimente haben, bis hin zur autonomen Teilung, ohne eine Kopplung mit Strukturelementen des Zytoskeletts zu erfordern.
A functional but atypical self: Influence of self‐relevant processing on the gaze cueing effect in autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Zhao Shuo , Uono Shota , Yoshimura Sayaka , Toichi Motomi
Published: October 2018

The present study aimed to determine whether the impairments in joint attention observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in clinical studies were influenced by self‐relevant processing. To investigate this possibility, participants were trained to associate two cues (a female face and male face) with distinct words (“self” and “other”). The ASD and typically developing (TD) groups both demonstrated a significant self‐relevant effect, responding more quickly to self‐pairs than to other pairs. Then, two types of sound (voice and tone) used as targets were manipulated to determine whether the influence of self‐relevance on the cueing effect would be similar between individuals with ASD and TD individuals. Individuals with ASD exhibited reduced cueing effect to voice vs. tone targets, whereas TD individuals showed an enhanced cueing effect to voice vs. tone targets when using self‐relevant, but not other‐relevant, gaze cues. The present results suggest that individuals with ASD exhibit intact self‐relevant processing but that the self‐relevant processing affects the attentional system of individuals with ASD in a manner different from that of TD individuals and that this difference depends on the self‐relevance of the specific target stimuli. Autism Research 2018, 11: 1522–1531. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Lay Summary

Observing another person's eye gaze induces attentional shift in the onlooker. Clinical studies have reported that social interaction, including gaze‐triggered attention, is impaired in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), while psychological studies have generally reported intact gaze‐triggered attention in ASD. This study provided new evidence indicating that gaze‐triggered attention is influenced by self‐relevant processing in a different manner in ASD individuals than it is in TD individuals. The magnitude of attentional shift triggered by the self‐relevant gaze cue was associated with symptom severity in ASD. The functional but atypical self‐relevant processing might be able to explain discrepancies in social attention between experimental and real situations.
California's Water Loss Technical Assistance Program
Authors: Gasner Kate , Jernigan Will , Mosburg Sue
Published: October 2018

Heightened awareness of the need to conserve water in California prompted organizations and agencies to join forces to train urban water suppliers on the essentials of water loss control.
The oncogenic roles of nuclear receptor coactivator 1 in human esophageal carcinoma
Authors: Wang Lu , Li Weiwei , Li Kai , Guo Yi , Liu Ditian , Yao Zhimeng , Lin Xianjie , Li Shujun , Jiang Zuojie , Liu Qing , Jiang Yi , Zhang Beien , Chen Lei , Zhou Fuyou , Ren Hongzheng , Lin Danxia , Zhang Dianzheng , Yeung Sai‐Ching Jim , Zhang Hao
Published: October 2018

Nuclear receptor coactivator 1 (NCOA1) plays crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression mediated by a wide spectrum of steroid receptors such as androgen receptor (AR), estrogen receptor α (ER α), and estrogen receptor β (ER β). Therefore, dysregulations of NCOA1 have been found in a variety of cancer types. However, the clinical relevance and the functional roles of NCOA1 in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are less known. We found in this study that elevated levels of NCOA1 protein and/or mRNA as well as amplification of the NCOA1 gene occur in human ESCC. Elevated levels of NCOA1 due to these dysregulations were not only associated with more aggressive clinic‐pathologic parameters but also poorer survival. Results from multiple cohorts of ESCC patients strongly suggest that the levels of NCOA1 could serve as an independent predictor of overall survival. In addition, silencing NCOA1 in ESCC cells remarkably decreased proliferation, migration, and invasion. These findings not only indicate that NCOA1 plays important roles in human ESCC but the levels of NCOA1 also could serve as a potential prognostic biomarker of ESCC and targeting NCOA1 could be an efficacious strategy in ESCC treatment.
Facile Synthesis of Hypercrosslinked Hollow Microporous Organic Capsules for Electrochemical Sensing of CuII Ions
Authors: Razzaque Shumaila , Wang Kewei , Hussain Irshad , Tan Bien
Published: October 2018

A very simple and facile methodology is used to prepare dithiocarbamate‐functionalized hollow microporous organic capsules (HMOCs‐DTC), which exhibit excellent stability, a high surface area, and appropriate microporous architecture. In this strategy, SiO2 particles are used as templates to construct PS‐DVB‐MAA microspheres, and then dithiocarbamate groups are grafted onto them. The dithiocarbamate‐functionalized hypercrosslinked microporous organic capsules (HMOCs‐DTC/GC) are then used as an electrode material for the detection of CuII ions. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electron impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are exploited to study the electrochemical potential of the designed material. The placement of functional groups (dithiocarbamate) at the mesopore interface effectively enhances the mass transfer, which facilitates the more selective detection of CuII ions. The high sensitivity of the modified electrode is expressed in terms of current (Ip) enhancement at extremely low concentrations of CuII ions. Thus, a functional and robust porous material (HMOCs‐DTC) presents a sensitive sensing ability, displaying the calibration response over a wide linear range (2.50×10−11–3.50×10−10 m), with a lowest limit of detection of 1.02×10−11 m. Indeed, these HMOCs present a new class of porous polymers possessing extraordinarily high scalability but avoiding complex and expensive synthetic methodologies, promoting its practical utilization.
A Cyclometalated N‐Heterocyclic Carbene: The Wings of the First Pt2(II,II) Butterfly Oxidized by CHI3
Authors: Arnal Lorenzo , Fuertes Sara , Martín Antonio , Baya Miguel , Sicilia Violeta
Published: October 2018

The X‐ray study on a single crystal of the butterfly‐like complex [{Pt(C^C*)(μ‐pz)}2] (1), containing a cyclometalated N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand as wings (HC^C*=1‐(4‐(ethoxycarbonyl)phenyl)‐3‐methyl‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene), showed three molecules in the asymmetric unit with intermetallic separations (Å) of 3.2294(4) (1A), 3.2834(4) (1B), and 3.1208(6) (1C). From the reaction of 1 with excess of CHI3 in the air and the sunlight, complex [{Pt(C^C*)(μ‐pz)I)}2] (2) (dPt−Pt=2.6079(2) Å) was obtained as the major product, while [IPt(C^C*)(μ‐pz)2Pt(C^C*)CHI2] (3) (dPt−Pt=2.6324(3) Å) was obtained as the major product under argon atmosphere in the dark. Experimental and theoretical investigations showed that an easily accessible radical‐like mechanism operates under thermal conditions, with dioxygen acting as an efficient radical (R.) scavenger. The oxidation of a Pt2(II,II) “butterfly” by CHI3 to give metal−metal bonded Pt2(III,III) compounds is described now for the first time.
Fundamental Vibrational Analyses of the HCN Monomer, Dimer and Associated Isotopologues
Authors: Hoobler Preston R. , Turney Justin M. , Agarwal Jay , Schaefer Henry F.
Published: October 2018

In this work we provide high level ab initio treatments of the structures, vibrational frequencies, and electronic energies of the HCN monomer and dimer systems along with several isotopologues. The plethora of information related to this system within the literature is summarized and serves as a basis for comparison with the results of this paper. The geometry of the dimer and monomer are reported at the all electroncoupled‐cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples level of theory [AE‐CCSD(T)] with the correlation consistent quadruple‐zeta quality basis sets with extra core functions (cc‐pCVQZ) from Dunning. The theoretical geometries and electronic structures are further analyzed through the use of the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) method and Natural Resonance Theory (NRT). At the AE‐CCSD(T)/cc‐pCVQZ level of theory, the full cubic with semi‐diagonal quartic force field for nine dimer and four monomer isotopologues (the parent isotopologue along with 15N, 13C, and D derivatives) were obtained to treat the anharmonicity of the vibrations via second order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2). Lastly, the enthalpy change associated with the formation of the dimer from two monomer units was determined using the focal point analysis. Computations including coupled‐cluster through perturbative quadruples as well as basis sets up to six‐zeta quality, including core functions (cc‐pCVXZ, X=D,T,Q,5,6) were used to extrapolate to the AE‐CCSDT(Q)/CBS energy associated with this hydrogen‐bond forming process. After appending anharmonic zero‐point vibrational, relativistic, and diagonal Born‐Oppenheimer corrections, we report a value of −3.93 kcal mol−1 for the enthalpy of formation. To our knowledge, each set of results (geometries, vibrational frequencies, and energetics) reported in this study represents the highest‐level and most reliable theoretical predictions reported for this system.
HLA Alleles and CYP2C9*3 as Predictors of Phenytoin Hypersensitivity in East Asians
Authors: Su Shih‐Chi , Chen Chun‐Bing , Chang Wan‐Chun , Wang Chuang‐Wei , Fan Wen‐Lang , Lu Lai‐Ying , Nakamura Ryosuke , Saito Yoshiro , Ueta Mayumi , Kinoshita Shigeru , Sukasem Chonlaphat , Yampayon Kittika , Kijsanayotin Pornpimol , Nakkam Nontaya , Saksit Niwat , Tassaneeyakul Wichittra , Aihara Michiko , Lin Yu‐Jr , Chang Chee‐Jen , Wu Tony , Hung Shuen‐Iu , Chung Wen‐Hung
Published: October 2018

To develop a pre‐emptive genetic test that comprises multiple predisposing alleles for the prevention of phenytoin‐related severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs), three sets of patients with phenytoin‐SCAR and drug‐tolerant controls from Taiwan, Thailand, and Japan, were enrolled for this study. In addition to cytochrome P450 (CYP)2C9*3, we found that HLA‐B*13:01, HLA‐B*15:02, and HLA‐B*51:01 were significantly associated with phenytoin hypersensitivity with distinct phenotypic specificities. Strikingly, we showed an increase in predictive sensitivity of concurrently testing CYP2C9*3/HLA‐B*13:01/HLA‐B*15:02/HLA‐B*51:01 from 30.5–71.9% for selecting the individuals with the risk of developing phenytoin‐SCAR in Taiwanese cohorts, accompanied by a specificity of 77.7% (combined sensitivity, 64.7%; specificity, 71.9% for three Asian populations). Meta‐analysis of the four combined risk alleles showed significant associations with phenytoin‐SCAR in three Asian populations. In conclusion, combining the assessment of risk alleles of HLA and CYP2C9 potentiated the usefulness of predictive genetic tests to prevent phenytoin hypersensitivity in Asians.
Power supply based on a multi‐stage‐shunt class E amplifier applied to ozone generation with high efficiency
Authors: Ponce‐Silva Mario , Aquí‐Tapia Juan A. , Arellano María C. , Moreno Edwing A. , Cortés‐García Claudia
Published: October 2018

In this paper, the analysis, design, and implementation of a power supply based on a multi‐stage‐shunt class E amplifier applied to ozone generation are presented. The proposed topology operates with pulsating waveforms and allows unidirectional energy flow from the power supply to the load with no energy return. Furthermore, due to the multi‐stage operation, it presents a lower stress in the switches compared with other similar topologies. To validate the proposed topology, a prototype was designed to feed a set of ozone generating cells in a power range of 0 to 500 W. This prototype provides an efficiency of 95% with an ozone production of 10.5 g/h and efficacy of 22.89 g/kWh. The proposed power supply is an alternative to feed any other type of dielectric barrier discharge load while keeping the efficiency of the power supply above 90%.
GLP‐1 receptor agonist added to insulin versus basal‐plus or basal‐bolus insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Castellana Marco , Cignarelli Angelo , Brescia Francesco , Laviola Luigi , Giorgino Francesco
Published: October 2018

Background

Current guidelines recommend that antihyperglycaemic treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes not achieving the HbA1c target on basal insulin should be intensified with a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) or basal‐plus/basal‐bolus (BP/BB) insulin regimen. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis to compare the effects of GLP‐1RA/insulin combinations versus BP/BB.

Methods

The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42017079547). PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched until July 2018. All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting HbA1c, body weight, daily insulin dose, hypoglycaemic events, and discontinuation due to lack of efficacy were included. A subgroup analysis on different combinations of GLP‐1RA and insulin was performed.

Results

Out of 1885 retrieved papers, 13 RCTs were included in the review. Compared with BP/BB, GLP‐1RA/insulin combinations were associated with a similar HbA1c reduction (Δ = −0.06%; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.14 to 0.02; P = 0.13; I2 = 52%), greater weight loss (Δ = −3.72 kg; 95% CI, −4.49 to −2.95; P < 0.001; I2 = 89%), and lower incidence of hypoglycaemic events (relative risk [RR] = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.38‐0.55; P < 0.001; I2 = 99%). The daily insulin dosage among GLP‐1RA/insulin users was 30.3 IU/day (95% CI, −41.2 to −19.3; P < 0.001; I2 = 94%), lower than with BP/BB. No difference was found for discontinuation due to lack of efficacy.

Conclusions

The present review supports treatment intensification with GLP‐1RA added to insulin versus BP/BB in uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. This could provide similar antihyperglycaemic efficacy while leading to weight loss and sparing of hypoglycaemia and insulin dose. As a consequence, a considerable number of patients with type 2 diabetes could be potentially shifted from BP/BB to GLP‐1RA/insulin combinations.
3D geological modelling – Through the example of Karawanken Tunnel project, northern section
Authors: Cudrigh‐Maislinger Susanna
Published: October 2018

Before design and construction, particularly underground, it is essential to know the geological conditions well. Nowadays as in many other fields 3D modelling is a very powerful and helpful tool in geology and geotechnics. The advantages of 3D modelling in geology are convincing: In the past, 2D geological maps and sections were of common use and it could sometimes be difficult to conceive a 3D picture of the underground conditions from the 2D images. With modern software, geological 3D models can be generated easily. Once a 3D model is established, the underground situation is more comprehensible and inconsistencies in geological interpretation are immediately apparent. 2D sections can also be produced with little effort at any position. The model can also be used as a geological database for the project. All available geological and geotechnical information like maps, sections, borehole data and lab test results can be attached to the model. The generation of a geological 3D model will be explained through the example of the Karawanken Tunnel, northern section.
Tunnel T26 on the Ankara–Istanbul high speed rail route – Tunnelling under difficult conditions
Authors: Incecik Mete , Poşluk Evren
Published: October 2018

The Turkish Railway Administration has started to renovate and modernise the Turkish railway network in Anatolia after a long break. As the first task, a high speed railway line has been planned between the capital city Ankara and the commercial metropolis Istanbul. The section between Bozoyuk and Bilecik passes through a steep mountain range, where the old railway line and the existing highway are located right next to each other. The rail line for the new high speed route is planned to run over the steep valley of Bozoyuk and then connect to Tunnel T26. This region has a quite old geological composition with metamorphic silt and clay shales, which are folded over each other due to tectonic movement. The shales are crushed down to small pebble‐cobble sized particles, significantly reducing the cohesion. The excavation work for Tunnel T26 was conducted under arduous conditions due to inadequate geological investigation.
Design strategies for sprayed concrete linings
Authors: Brandtner Markus , Hofmann Matthias , Paternesi Alessandra , Saurer Erich , Schweiger Helmut F. , Walter Herbert
Published: October 2018

With the introduction of Eurocodes, non‐linear methods are now explicitly permitted for the determination of internal forces. Although the application of Eurocode 7 has not been intended for tunnel construction, it is applied in practice. Tunnel linings are treated as retaining structures in the sense of Eurocode 7. The choice of the Design Approach to be applied is specified in the National Annex (NA) of each country. The application of a standard to a field which was not intended for the purpose naturally leaves room for diverse interpretation. A working group was established by the Austrian Society for Geomechanics (ÖGG) to develop a consistent design strategy for tunnelling. Recommendations based on comparative calculations have been developed for the design of sprayed concrete linings. This article summarises the findings of the investigations carried out.
Model adaption to reflect reality from design to construction through the example of a quarry
Authors: Poisel Rainer , Preh Alexander , Kolenprat Bernd , Barth Anton , Höllrigl Jakob
Published: October 2018

After a landslide in 2007, a quarry face is to be restored. Consequently, models had to be formed of the geological conditions, of the material behaviour and of the failure mechanism, as well as a calculation model to simulate this mechanism. The geological structure and observations during and after the landslide suggested that the failure was a result of the toppling of slab‐shaped rock blocks. The landslide facilitated a back analysis of strength parameters from this large‐scale in‐situ test, thus making laboratory tests, derived from classification systems and estimations of these parameters, unnecessary. A limit equilibrium method and a numerical model available for the simulation of toppling correspondingly showed that flattening of the face up to the mining boundary results in a sufficient factor of safety. However, the transition from weathered material to rock could not yet be considered. Only the first step of the face restoration, and excavation of the weathered cover, managed to shed light on its thickness, which facilitated precision of the calculation model. Only the excavation of the rock mass displaced by the landslide will show whether the quarry face geometry necessary for a sufficient factor of safety is feasible with respect to the actual loosening of the rock mass and to the actual depth of the landslide.
Untersammelsdorf Tunnel – Challenges and special measures during tunnelling in lacustrine clay
Authors: Höser Sebastian , Bahr Alexander , Wagner Hanns , Mehlführer Markus , Herzeg Thomas
Published: October 2018

The 665 m long, twin‐track Untersammelsdorf Tunnel is being built in the course of the construction of the Koralmbahn line between Graz and Klagenfurt. The tunnel is located in extremely challenging subsoil conditions consisting of silty to fine sandy lacustrine deposits. The developed tunnelling concept provided wide‐ranging special underground engineering measures and represents a unique construction method to date. Accordingly, numerous challenges arose in the design phase, which were verified by carrying out extensive trials and investigations in the preparatory period or for which fallback levels had to be provided for the support system. Now tunnelling work is almost complete, the experience can be reported.