bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The usability of Jordan Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths Surveillance (JSANDS) system: Results of focus group discussions
Authors: Khader Yousef S. , Shattnawi Khulood Kayed , Al-Sheyab Nihaya , Alyahya Mohammad S. , Batieha Anwar
Published: January 2021

Background: Jordan Stillbirths and Neonatal Deaths Surveillance system (JSANDS) is a newly developed system and is currently implemented in five large hospitals in Jordan. This study aimed at exploring the healthcare professional’s perception about the usability of JSANDS. Methods: A descriptive qualitative approach, using focus group discussions, was adopted. A total of 5 focus groups including 23 focal points were conducted in five participating hospitals in Jordan. Results: Data analysis identified nine main issues related to the JSANDS system: the system usefulness, the system performance, data quality, the system limitations, human rights, female empowerment, nurses’ strengthened competencies, the sustainability of the JSANDS, and COVID-19 impact on the system. Users reported that the JSANDS data were useful, the system was simple and easy to use, and the data were accurate and complete. However, some users reported that some technical issues need to be enhanced. Conclusions: JSANDS was perceived positively by the current users. According to them, it provides a formative and comprehensive data on stillbirths and neonatal deaths and their causes, and therefore, was recommended to be adopted by its users and scaled up.
Decades of research supporting malaria control and elimination in China: a bibliometric analysis of academic articles published in Chinese from 1980 to 2019
Authors: Du Yan-Qiu , Zhu Guo-Ding , Cao Jun , Huang Jia-Yan
Published: January 2021

Background: China has accumulated a lot of experience on malaria control and elimination in the past few decades. Many research papers have been published in Chinese journals. This study intends to obtain the development path and experience of malaria control and elimination in China by quantitatively analyzing these local journals based on the bibliometric analysis.Methods: A long-term, multi-stage bibliometric analysis was implemented. Research articles published in Chinese journals from 1980 to 2019 were retrieved from Wanfang database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI). Year of publication, journal name and keywords were extracted by the Bibliographic Items Co-occurrence Matrix Builder (BICOMB). We defined the K/A ratio (the percentage of a keyword frequency in the number of articles within a certain period) as an indicator for measuring the popularity of a keyword in different decades. And we used the software VOSviewer to make keyword co-occurrence network maps.Results: A total of 16,290 articles were included. The overall trend of articles continues to rise. However, the articles published in the past three years had continued to decline. There are two kinds of trends of the keyword frequency between different decades. The K/A ratio of keywords such as ‘Plasmodium falciparum’ continued to decline (17.05% in 1980s, 13.04% in 1990s, 9.86% in 2000s, 5.28% in 2010s), but ‘imported case’ and ‘surveillance’ continued to rise. Drug resistance always was a concern. The keyword co-occurrence network maps showed that the themes in malaria research were becoming more diverse, and the degree of multidisciplinary cooperation was gradually deepening.Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis reveals the trends in malaria research in China over the past 40 years. The results suggest the high attention on the investigation, multidisciplinary participation and drug resistance for researchers and policymakers in malaria-epidemic areas. And the results also provided domestic experts with qualitative evidence for the summary of China's experience on malaria control and elimination.
A Novel Epitope-blocking ELISA for Specific and Sensitive Detection of Antibodies against H5-Subtype Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin
Authors: Sączyńska Violetta , Florys-Jankowska Katarzyna , Porębska Anna , Cecuda-Adamczewska Violetta
Published: January 2021

Background: H5-subtype highly pathogenic (HP) avian influenza viruses (AIVs) cause high mortality in domestic birds and sporadic infections in humans with a frequently fatal outcome, while H5N1 viruses have pandemic potential. Due to veterinary and public health significance, these HPAIVs, as well as low pathogenicity (LP) H5-subtype AIVs having a propensity to mutate into HP viruses, are under epidemiologic surveillance and must be reported to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Our previous work provided a unique panel of 6 different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against H5 hemagglutinin (HA), which meets the demand for high-specificity tools for monitoring AIV infection and vaccination in poultry. In this study, we selected one of these mAbs to develop an epitope-blocking (EB) ELISA for detecting H5 subtype-specific antibodies in chicken sera (H5 EB-ELISA).Methods: In the H5 EB-ELISA, H5 HA protein produced in a baculovirus-expression vector system was employed as a coating antigen, and the G-7-27-18 mAb was employed as a blocking antibody. The performance characteristics of the assay were evaluated by testing 358 sera from nonimmunized chickens and chickens immunized with AIVs of the H1–H16 subtypes or recombinant H5 HA antigen to obtain the reference and experimental antisera, respectively. The samples were classified as anti-H5 HA positive or negative based on the results of the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay, the gold standard in subtype-specific serodiagnosis.Results: The H5 EB-ELISA correctly discriminated between the anti-H5 HA negative sera, including those against the non-H5 subtype AIVs, and sera positive for antibodies against the various-origin H5 HAs. Preliminary validation showed 100% analytical and 97.6% diagnostic specificities of the assay and 98.0% and 99.1% diagnostic sensitivities when applied to detect the anti-H5 HA antibodies in the reference and experimental antisera, respectively.Conclusions: The H5 EB-ELISA performed well in terms of diagnostic estimates. Thus, further optimization and validation work using a larger set of chicken sera and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis are warranted. Moreover, the present assay provides a valuable basis for developing multispecies screening tests for birds or diagnostic tests for humans.
Nebulization therapy with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes for COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Chu Meiping , Wang Hao , Bian Linjie , Huang Jiehui , Wu Danping , Fei Fangli , Zhang Ruiting , Chen Yigang , Xia Jiazeng
Published: January 2021

Background: Scientists have been facing numerous challenges in the development of an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Several studies have suggested that improving patient immunity and reducing lung injury induced by SARS-CoV-2 may be effective for treating patients with COVID-19.Methods: A pilot trial of nebulization therapy with exosomes of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was performed on seven patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. Exosomes secreted from MSCs were collected and purified using multiple ultrafiltration steps. All patients were treated with nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes, and primary safety and efficacy outcomes were evaluated.Results: Our clinical study demonstrated that nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes is a novel method that might be utilized in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia. Nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes did not induce acute allergic or secondary allergic reactions but did promote the absorption of pulmonary lesions and reduce the time of hospitalization for mild cases of COVID-19 pneumonia.Conclusions: Nebulization of MSC-derived exosomes is a safe, effective, and simple method, and their application at the beginning of treatment may be more beneficial.Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2000030261. Registered on 26 February 2020.
Disfunção craniocervicomandibular ascendente de origem postural: relato de caso
Authors: De Lima Bárbara Nathalia Marques , Cabral Lioney Nobre
Published: January 2021

A disfunção craniocervicomandibular ascendente acontece quando alterações situadas abaixo do complexo craniomandibular são os fatores desencadeantes de uma desordem temporomandibular. Os sinais e sintomas mais comumente encontrados nessa disfunção são: dor localizada nos músculos mastigatórios ou na região da articulação temporomandibular, cefaléia, ruídos articulares e limitações dos movimentos mandibulares. O objetivo do presente estudo é relatar um caso de disfunção craniocervicomandibular ascendente causada por uma condição postural inadequada decorrente de maus hábitos ergonômicos. Um paciente procurou a Policlínica Odontológica da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas queixando-se de dor intermitente na região lateral da face associada à otalgia. Ao exame clínico, observou-se estalidos na articulação temporomandibular, presença de pontos-gatilhos nos músculos cervicais e retificação cervical, sendo assim diagnosticado com a disfunção, causada pela alteração postural. Após o diagnóstico, optou-se por uma modalidade de tratamento conservadora baseada na realização de exercícios fisioterapêuticos associados ao uso de uma placa estabilizadora miorrelaxante. Após um mês de tratamento, o paciente já apresentou um estado postural mais adequado, sem sintomatologia dolorosa. Após três anos de proservação, o paciente manteve o quadro estabilizado, sem queixas de dor. Concluímos que o correto diagnóstico da condição é a chave para a escolha e o sucesso do tratamento, sendo este realizado através de uma avaliação minuciosa e integral do indivíduo durante o exame clínico.
Indices of innovation activity as components of macroeconomic stability: how does the shadowing of investment flows affect?
Authors: Tiutiunyk Inna , Zolkover Andrii , Maslov Vladyslav , Samedova Mehriban , Vynnycenko Natalia , Beshley Yevgenia , Kovalenko Olena
Published: January 2021

The article focuses on the study of causal links between the level of innovation development and the shadow economy on the example of 10 European countries. Based on the analysis of existing approaches to determining the level of innovation activity in the country, a linear model for evaluating the Complex Innovative Activity Index is proposed. The main hypothesis of the paper was the assumption that the increase in the level of the shadow economy is accompanied by a decrease in the country's innovative development, deteriorating access to financial resources, and so on. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the correlation between the level of the shadow economy and the indicators of innovative development of the country as components of its macroeconomic stability using Panel data analysis from 2007 to 2018. Unlike previous studies, this research considered that level of innovative development increasingly depends on the level of the shadow economy. The results confirm the relationship between factor and result indicators for all analyzed countries. To test the hypotheses about the negative impact of the shadow economy on the level of innovative activity of the country was presented the linear model with Complex Innovative Activity Index as an integral indicator of 8 international indexes (Global Competitiveness Index, Digital Readiness Score, Digital Economy, and Society Index, Knowledge Economic Index, The European Innovation Scoreboard, Bloomberg Innovation Index, The International Innovation Index, Global Innovation Index) characterizing the level of innovative development of the country. In the second stage: testing of the data series for stationarity by the Dickey-Fuller and Philips Perron test Statistics, calculation of the optimal lag length from the maximum possible selected by the Akaike criteria, the Hannan-Quinn Information Criterion, and the Schwartz Information Criterion, verification of cointegration of data series using Johansen test are performed. Empirical calculations have proved the high impact of the shadow economy on the innovative development of the country. All indices are statistically significant at the level of 1% and 5% and 10% respectively. It is substantiated that the state should take into account interdependencies as a basis for the development and implementation of measures aimed at increasing the innovative activity of economic entities, increasing the innovation potential of the country, and so on.
Keywords: innovative activity, investment flows, macroeconomic stability, shadow economy, indices.
Analyzing the Demand of Agritourism for International Tourist in Armenia
Authors: Tovmasyan Gayane , Avetisyan Samvel , Tatosyan Kristine , Mirijanyan Lusya , Galustyan Inga , Rushanyan Argine
Published: January 2021

This paper summarises the arguments and counterarguments in the frame of the scientific discussion on the issue of agritourism development in Armenia. The research aims at analyzing the demand for agritourism development for international tourists in Armenia, find out their needs. The analysis of the available literature sources and approaches shows the essence of agritourism, its activities, functions, needs of tourists. Armenia has a rich history and culture, beautiful nature, delicious cuisine, Armenian villages have a traditional way of life and ethnic diversity. All these factors are important for developing agritourism in rural places offering various activities for tourists: participation in agricultural activities, farming, animal care, hunting, fishing, horseback riding, beekeeping, carpet weaving, handicrafts, harvesting, winemaking, making national dishes, baking bread, also visiting historical and cultural places, participation in various festivals, etc. Investigation of the topic in the paper is carried out in the following rational arrangement. The essence and significance of agritourism in the literature are discussed, then a survey is done among international tourists to find out their needs. The results of the empirical analysis are presented in the paper, which shows that Armenia is considered a quiet and beautiful place for tourists who wish to rest in Armenian rural places, participate in many activities. The Pearson Chi-square testing shows some significant relationships between some factors. Mainly unmarried people want to rest in rural places alone or with friends, and they are willing to pay more than married people who have children. The tourists have also made some suggestions for agritourism development in Armenia: making everything more natural and fresher, doing good marketing, organizing pieces of training for local people and farmers, etc. The research results may be useful for developing agritourism in rural areas by organizing good strategies and marketing plans.
Keywords: agritourism, agritourism activities, marketing, rural places, tourism.
Assessment of the Impact of Selected Satisfaction Parameters on the Competitiveness of Family Tourism
Authors: Goncarova Zuzana , Pitekova Jana , Vrablikova Maria
Published: January 2021

The visitor, as the bearer of the demand for tourism services, is primarily a person with his natural desires. For many, a family business is a guarantee of a more helpful approach to meeting clients’ expectations. The paper aims to analyze the dependence between selected parameters of customer satisfaction in two groups of tourist trade establishment or tourism companies. The first group consists of family businesses, which have long shown a higher level of satisfaction compared to traditional tourism companies. The second group is classic tourism companies. In both cases, the research interest is the impact of a change in the assessment of staff and a change in the evaluation of the price/quality ratio on the change in the overall evaluation of these two groups of companies. Authors assumed that satisfaction with the staff in family businesses has a more significant impact on overall satisfaction. The research sample consists of 44 non-family and 18 family businesses. The research includes: assessment of the staff, evaluation of the price/quality ratio and overall evaluation for 2018 and 2020 based on secondary data, calculation of changes (indices) of the parameters as the ratio of values in 2020 to 2018, partial correlation analyzes for individual years and compilation of final correlation matrix, in which is examined the correlation between the change in the overall assessment in family and non-family businesses and the correlation between the change in the price/quality ratio in family and non-family businesses. The basic methods include analysis, synthesis, induction, analogy, comparison, empiricism and Pearson’s correlation coefficient from mathematical-statistical methods. The basic heuristic approach consists of professional literature on the subject matter and secondary sources obtained from the most important accommodation portal booking.com. In the synthesis of knowledge, there are used empirical experience resulting from doing long-term business in the field of tourism of authors. As part of the compilation of the resulting correlation matrix, authors state that in non-family businesses both correlation coefficients are higher than in family ones. In contrast, in evaluating the relationship between the change of personnel, the value of Pearson’s correlation coefficient is higher than 0.7, so it is a strong dependence. Non-family businesses should pay more attention to the human factor. The barrier to fulfillment can be impersonal leadership and inflexible organizational structures. In family businesses, on the other hand, the selection of employees is based on mutual trust. The benefit of the paper is the distinction between family and non-family businesses from the customer’s point of view, which is often a marginalized topic in theory and practice
Keywords: competitiveness, correlation, customers´ satisfaction, family business, non-family business, tourism.
The Risks of Ethical Credibility: Innovations in Companies Management
Authors: Cierna Helena , Sujova Erika
Published: January 2021

The qualitative social changes experiencing in this millennium are characterized primarily by globalization and the internationalization of economic processes. These changes require creating innovative approaches to corporate management to lead to companies’ better economic results and thus provide them with a competitive advantage. Today, companies must respond quickly to the needs of the external and internal environment, be in close contact with customers, and support internal business activity. The paper aims to assess and evaluate selected companies’ ethical credibility in Slovakia based on the research conducted at the Technical University in Zvolen. The results of the research evaluate the risks of ethical credibility in selected companies in Slovakia. The authors build the desired way of behaving and acting of all stakeholders. As a bearer of ethical-moral norms and principles, corporate culture comes to the fore as an indisputable factor in the success of a company in the competition, which acquires a global platform. The currently ongoing economic transformation process creates such conditions for companies’ activities, which require a significant increase in their activities’ efficiency and improved customer needs satisfaction, which causes the need for radical changes. The changes concern in particular, how business entities react to their internal or external environment. Risk is a term that refers to an uncertain outcome with a possible adverse condition. Risk means a threat, a potential problem, the possibility of failure, damage, loss, or destruction. Risk expresses a certain degree of uncertainty, i.e. the probability of achieving a result different from the expected result. Examples of minimizing the risks arising from the unreliability and distrust to employees could improve work efficiency, interpersonal relationships and work ethic, and the work environment.
Keywords: ethics, risk, ethical credibility, enterprise, procedure algorithm, research.
Innovations for Business Management: Motivation and Barriers
Authors: Fiľa Milan , Levicky Michal , Mura Ladislav , Maros Milan , Korenkova Marcela
Published: January 2021

The business sector represents one of the most important parts of the modern economy. It creates and secures most products and services, contributing to most of the sales tax revenues. Business development is not possible without creating a favorable business environment and suitable conditions for creating and entering new business into the market. This paper focuses on the evaluation of some business environment factors in starting a business. Attention is attended to the business environment and funding activities management, including the managerial assessment of proactive, innovative, and business-supporting activities. Besides, this study encompasses the issues of obstacles and barriers to starting a business. The interest of the article is to point out the state and problems in the field of start-up entrepreneurs and the importance of supporting motivational factors and removing barriers by improving the business environment. Methodological tools of the research are classical methods of science analytics, synthesis, and data selection. The basic heuristic approach consists of professional literature on the subject matter, and secondary sources obtained from European Commission, Eurostat – Flash Barometer, and the World Bank to monitor selected indicators of the business environment and SMEs in Slovakia, EU-27 countries, and the world. The primary information was represented with the questionnaire-based survey conducted throughout the Slovak Republic, in which a total count of 426 respondents participated. For hypothesis testing, the Friedman Test, Kolmogorov – Smirnov test, and Kruskal – Wallis test was used. The empiric results confirmed the significant differences between motivational factors for starting doing business. At the same time, there are still significant barriers to enter the business in Slovakia, which considerably limit the further development of doing business in Slovakia. The article provides recommendations for improving the business environment’s current status and entering into business in the Slovak Republic.
Keywords: small and medium entrepreneurship, innovations, business barriers and opportunities, business management.
Implementation of Innovation in the Company: Situation Analysis
Authors: Chang Shichao
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to introducing innovations in the company - one of the most important ways of transforming the production process in the company’s activities. The purpose of the article is to substantiate scientific and practical provisions for a comprehensive assessment of the effectiveness of introducing innovations and developing recommendations for increasing the innovative potential of a company, based on the use of a situational analysis of dynamic indicators of innovative changes. Literature processing shows that not enough attention is paid to problematic aspects of situational analysis and methods of assessing domestic companies’ implementation to build up their innovative potential. The article’s relevance lies in the need to use the economic and mathematical apparatus of calculation to justify the feasibility of introducing innovations in a company to strengthen competitive positions in the market. Methods for assessing the implementation of innovations in a company are analyzed based on the classification properties. Methods for assessing the implementation of innovations for their application in the company’s innovative development are analyzed. The existing methods for assessing the effectiveness of the company’s innovative activities are systematized. Methods of situational analysis are considered in the example of energy saving. Typical scenarios for the implementation of the efficiency of energy-saving measures in the company are presented. The calculation of the innovation project’s absolute effect was carried out (the profit from the introduction of new equipment and the growth of profit from the replacement of existing equipment were determined). The calculation of the efficiency of replacing existing equipment (basic version) with new equipment for an innovative project (new version) has been performed. The organizational and economic support of the assessment of innovative activities in the company is investigated. Methodological approaches have been developed for the previous and final situational analysis of innovative projects and the company’s innovative potential as a whole. The characteristics of the objective prerequisites for the growth of the company’s innovative potential are given. Based on a review of the state of the company’s innovative activities, a system of analytical indicators for assessing the feasibility of a project or choosing the best project is proposed. The study’s applied significance lies in the fact that the proposed assessment methods and tools, when applied in practice, make it possible to intensify companies’ innovative activities and increase their competitiveness in the market. Keywords: efficiency, measures, innovation, innovative project, assessment methods, situational analysis.
Impact of gender aspects of sustainable entrepreneurship on country innovative development
Authors: Starchenko Liudmyla
Published: January 2021

This article generalizes arguments and counter-arguments within the scientific discussion regarding the determination of the influence of gender proxies of sustainable entrepreneurship on country's innovative development. Systematization of the scientific findings on the above-mentioned problems proves that there is a lack of empirical studies aimed at familiar issues, which, in turn, proves the necessity of further theoretical and empirical search in this sphere. Thus, it was developed a scientific and methodical approach based on the combination of correlation and panel data regression analysis in order to test the hypothesis about gender determinants' influence on a country's innovative development. In order to test this hypothesis it was developed a scientific and methodological approach that consists of several stages: 1) correlation analysis in order to eliminate multicollinearity problem between control variables; 2) analysis of dataset descriptive statistics; 3) realization of the panel data regression analysis and characteristics of its results. This research is realized within the Stata 12/SE software. The country sample consists of 9 countries (Czech Republic Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and Ukraine). Period of observation – 2008-2018. Panel data regression analysis results help to reveal that there are no significant relationships between gender proxies of sustainable entrepreneurship and country innovative development. Specifically, it was revealed that an increase in 1 % of female labor force participation leads to 0.9 points increase of Global Innovation Index with 99 % confidence probability; an increase of GINI Index in 1 % results in an increase of Global Innovation Index in approximately 0.5 points with 90 % confidence probability, while female labor force basic education and female unemployment have no statistically significant impact on it. This leads us to the conclusion that the gender perspective of sustainable entrepreneurship should be developed in a more rapid manner in order to transform it into a vital mechanism of a country's innovative and sustainable development.
Keywords: gender aspects, innovative economic growth, innovative state management, panel data analysis, sustainable entrepreneurship.
PREVALENCE OF PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN SICKLE CELL ANEMIAI PATIENT IN KSA
Authors:   Consultant Family Medicine, Jeddah University Medical Center, Jeddah University, Jeddah, Kingdom Of Saudi Arabi., Abdulaziz Balbaid Eman , Abdulaziz Murad Manal ,   Assistant Professor Of Family Medicine, Consultant Family Medicine, Family Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah., Jehad Abousada Hoda ,   Medical Intern, Ksa., Faiez Alshanbari Nada ,   Medical Intern, Ksa., Abualqasim Kudam Rana ,   Md, Ksa., Hadi Alanazi Abdulmajeed ,   Md, Ksa., Matar Alsulaimi Abdullah ,   Md, Ksa., Yousufbanjar Abdurrahman ,   Medical Intern, Ksa., Ali Alghubishi Somayah ,   Medical Intern, Ksa., Siddiq Alsahaqi Raneem ,   Medical Intern, Ksa., Abdulaziz Alharbi Abdulmajeed ,   Medical Intern, Ksa., Mansour Alharbi Hassan ,   Medical Intern, Ksa., Abdulghani Taj Mashael ,   Medical Student, Ksa., Khalid Bamohsen Nazeha ,   Medical Student, Ksa., Jaza Alrsheedi Ahmed ,   Medical Student, Ksa.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a relatively common and severe complication of SCI and an independent risk factor for mortality. Sickle cell disease is considered one of the most common diseases in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. When a healthy disease related to cardiovascular health is highlighted, sickle cell anemia may be the most common and related disease in high pulmonary pressure. In this study, we aimed in this study to determine prevalence of PHTN in SCA patient, and associated risk factors with it. Methodology: This is an analytical cross-sectional study conducted in kingdom of Saudi Arabia (General population, SCA patient and CVD patient), from 29/7/2020 till 15/11/2020. The study was depending on online self-reported questionnaire that included assessing the demographic factors as gender, nationality besides, disease-related information: SCA patient , CVD patient and DM patient. Results: we received 794 responses to our questionnaire where 93.5 % of them were Saudi Arabian. The prevalence of sickle cell anemia is 8.8 %. Male represented 29.8 % of patients while female represented 52.2 % of patients. In SCA patients, the prevalence of PHTN was 31.8 %. Moreover, it was found that having cardiac disease is considered a risk factor for developing PHTN where 37.7 % of patients having cardiac disease had PHTN compared with 6.2 % of health patients (OD: 9.16, 95 % CI: 5.5479 to 15.13, P=0.000) while diabetes mellitus increase risk for developing PHTN by more than seven fold (OD: 7.6, 95 % CI 4.7175 to 12.4, P=0.000) and disorder of nervous system by 12 folds (OD: 12.7 95 % CI: 7.6658 to 21.09, P=0.000). Conclusion: we had found that the prevalence if SCA among Saudi Arabia is 8.8 % with a higher prevalence in female than male. Moreover, the prevalence of PHTN in SCA patients was high about 31.8 % which is much higher than its prevalence in normal individuals. Moreover, it was found that having cardiac disease is considered a risk factor for developing PHTN besides, having diabetic condition and disorder of nervous system which increased risk for developing PHTN in SCA by nine, seven and 12-fold respectively.
USE OF NANOFLUIDS BASED ON CARBON NANOPARTICLES TO DISPLACE OIL FROM THE POROUS MEDIUM MODEL
Authors: Pakharukov Yuri V. , Shabiev Farid K. , Safargaliev Ruslan F. , Yezdin Boris S. , Kalyada Valery V.
Published: January 2021

Graphene, due to its two-dimensional structure, has some unique properties. For example, the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of graphene are an order of magnitude higher than the thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity of copper. For this reason, graphene-based nanofluids are now used in many industries. Due to the effect of self-organization of graphene nanoparticles with hydrocarbon molecules, the use of graphene has become possible in the oil industry. Graphene-based nanofluids are used as a displacement fluid to increase the oil recovery coefficient. The displacing ability of graphene-based nanofluids is concentration dependent. An increase in the concentration of nanoparticles entails an increase in viscosity, which negatively affects the performance characteristics of the nanofluid. This problem is partially solved due to the synergistic effect, hybrid nanofluids consisting of nanoparticles of graphene and metals or carbides enhance the displacing ability.
Using atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and molecular modelling methods, this work has studied the formation of supramolecular structures that form a transition region at the oil-nanofluid interface with low surface tension as a result of a synergistic effect in the interaction of graphene planar nanoparticles and silicon carbide nanoparticles covered with graphene layers (Core-shell). The model experiments on a Hele-Shaw cell have shown that in a porous medium, such hybrid nanofluids have a high displacement ability of residual oil. At the same time, the oil — nanofluid interface remains stable, without the formation of viscous fingers.
During the study by scanning electron microscopy, a transition region was observed, in the structuring of which the nanoparticles were directly involved. The displacement efficiency of a hybrid nonofluid depends on the concentration of nanoparticles and their interaction.
Numerical study of the effect of the turning angle on heat transfer in multilayered elements of external enclosure structures
Authors: Ivanova Elena A. , Kozlobrodov Alexander N.
Published: January 2021

When building low-rise buildings with a variety of structural elements, it is important to have an idea of their thermal state in extreme heat exchange conditions. Therefore, the study of heat transfer processes in heat-stressed elements of external fences is relevant and of considerable practical interest. The purpose of this work is to conduct parametric studies in typical angular fragments of inhomogeneous enclosing structures with u-turn angles from 60 to 150°. At the same time, the analysis of the thermal state is carried out for both external and internal angles. The mathematical modeling of spatial heat transfer in the fragments under consideration is based on the solution of a nonlinear system of differential equations of thermal conductivity with corresponding boundary conditions by the finite element method using the Thermal module included in the ANSYS software package. The analysis of numerical results given for three types of enclosing structures made using various technologies allowed us to clarify the influence of their geometric and thermophysical characteristics on the distribution of temperature and heat flow over the thickness of the fragments under consideration, as well as to determine the change in these parameters on both the internal and external surfaces of the structure. To establish that for all types of walling with increasing rotation angle, the temperature in the inner corner of the structure decreases, and in the outer increases, and the density of the heat flow behaves vice versa; the distance from the corner to the area stabilization with increasing angle of rotation reduces, smiling for all types of structures for temperature and heat flow; an increase in the thermal resistance leads to a temperature increase and decrease of the heat flux in the corner tend to be developed fragments; issue recommendations for creating energy-efficient structures that meet modern requirements.
Interplay between DNA Methyltransferase 1 and microRNAs During Tumorigenesis
Authors: Yadav Pooja , Bandyopadhayaya Shreetama , Ford Bridget M. , Mandal Chandi
Published: January 2021

Cancer is a genetic disease resulting from genomic changes; however, epigenetic alterations act synergistically with these changes during tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Epigenetic variations are gaining more attention as an important regulator in tumor progression, metastasis and therapy resistance. Aberrant DNA methylation at CpG islands is a central event in epigeneticmediated gene silencing of various tumor suppressor genes. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) predominately methylates at CpG islands on hemimethylated DNA substrates in proliferation of cells. DNMT1 has been shown to be overexpressed in various cancer types and exhibits tumor-promoting potential. The major drawbacks to DNMT1-targeted cancer therapy are the adverse effects arising from nucleoside and non-nucleoside based DNMT1 inhibitors. This paper focuses on the regulation of DNMT1 by various microRNAs (miRNAs), which may be assigned as future DNMT1 modulators, and highlights how DNMT1 regulates various miRNAs involved in tumor suppression. Importantly, the role of reciprocal inhibition between DNMT1 and certain miRNAs in tumorigenic potential is approached in this review. Hence, this review seeks to project an efficient and strategic approach using certain miRNAs in conjunction with conventional DNMT1 inhibitors as a novel cancer therapy. It has also been pinpointed to select miRNA candidates associated with DNMT1 regulation that may not only serve as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis, but may also predict the existence of aberrant methylation activity in cancer cells.
TL1A: A New Potential Target in the Treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Furfaro Federica , Alfarone Ludovico , Gilardi Daniela , Correale Carmen , Allocca Mariangela , Fiorino Gionata , Argollo Marjorie , Zilli Alessandra , Zacharopoulou Eirini , Loy Laura , Roda Giulia , Danese Silvio
Published: January 2021

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease
(CD), are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In the last few years, the
development of biological agents targeting cytokines and receptors involved in IBD pathogenesis
has led to better outcomes and has improved the course of the disease. Despite their effectiveness,
drugs such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, anti-Interleukin-12/23 and anti-integrins, do
not induce a response in about one-third of patients, and 40% of patients lose response over time.
Therefore, more efficient therapies are required. Recent studies showed that TL1A (Tumor necrosis
factor-like cytokine 1A) acts as a regulator of mucosal immunity and participates in immunological
pathways involved in the IBD pathogenesis. In this review article, we analyze the role of
TL1A as a new potential target therapy in IBD patients.
Novel Niacin Receptor Agonists: A Promising Strategy for the Treatment of Dyslipidemia
Authors: Kothawade Prajakta B. , Thomas Asha B. , Chitlange Sohan S.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Hyperlipidemia is characterized by high level of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood. Various
classes of drugs like statins, fibrates, niacin etc. are used for treatment of hyperlipidaemia.

Objective:

Niacin, which is one of the beneficial anti-hyperlipidemic agents, helps to lower LDL cholesterol by 20 to 40%
and causes increase of HDL cholesterol by 20 to 35%. However cutaneous flushing, loss of glucose tolerance, liver toxicity
are the reported side effects of niacin therapy responsible for decreased patient compliance. Very recently, the G protein
coupled receptor (GPCR); GPR109A located on the adipocytes has been identified as the receptor for activation of niacin.

Method:

In-vitro studies have demonstrated that GPR109A receptor having high affinity for niacin. The present review
attempts to provide a systematic presentation of the various chemical classes of compounds that have been reported as novel
niacin receptor agonists including pyrazole-3-carboxylic acids, urea derivatives, anthranilic acids, biaryl anthranilides,
tetrahydro anthranilic acid, xanthines, barbituric acid, bicyclic pyrazole carboxylic acids, pyrido pyrimidinones, pyrazolyl
propionyl cyclohexenamides, pyrazole acids etc.

Results:

As the design of GPR109A receptor agonists offers a promising solution for treatment of dyslipidemia, this review
will be beneficial for medicinal and drug discovery chemists to expediate the process of discovery of new class of antihyperlipidemic agent with favorable lipid lowering profile with increase in HDL levels.

Conclusion:

This review explains about novel GPR109A receptor agonist for the treatment of dyslipidemia.
Visible Light Mediated, Catalyst Free, One-Pot Convenient Synthesis of
Dihydropyridines
Authors: Di Jia-Qi , Chen Meng-Nan , Zhao Ai-Dong , Zhang Zhan-Hui
Published: January 2021

:

A simple, efficient and green protocol has been developed for the synthesis of polysubstituted dihydropyridines
via one-pot, four-component reaction of aldehydes, arylamines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylate, and malononitrile. The reaction was proceeded at room temperature in the absence of catalyst in aqueous ethyl lactate under visible light irradiation.
The main advantages of the present approach are mild reaction condition, high yield, no column chromatography, clean
reaction profile, environmentally friendly and sustainable from the economic point of view
Impact of Coronavirus Outbreak on Climate and Air Quality
Authors: Veer Karan , Jatia Nikita , Sharma Tanu
Published: January 2021

All over the world, there is a new target of public health emergency looming the world
along with an appearance and distribution of the novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV) also known
as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This Virus was initially generated
in bats and then transferred to a human being over an unknown animal playing the role of a mediator
in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This virus is transmitted by breathing or coming in contact
with an infected person’s droplets. The Incubation period is between 2 to 14 days for COVID-19, that
is the time between exposure of the virus (person becoming infected) and symptom appearance in that
person, averaging 5-6 days. However, it can go up to 14 days. Throughout this period, which can be
also known as a “pre-symptomatic” period, some of the infected patients or persons can be contagious.
That is why; transferal from a pre-symptomatic case can happen before the onset of the symptoms..
There are a few number of case studies and reports, pre-symptomatic transferal has been documented
via contact with someone who is diagnosed with virus and increased investigation of that particular
clusters of total confirmed cases. The main problem is that the symptoms are just like the regular flu
that are cough, fever, sore throat, fatigue and breathlessness. This virus is moderate or mild in most of
the people, but in elder ones, it may proceed to pneumonia, multi-organ dysfunction and Acute Respiratory
Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Coronavirus has significant consequences on the Health system,
mainly on cardiovascular diseases and on the environment.
Pemetrexed – First-Line Therapy for Non-Squamous Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review of Patent Literature
Authors: Vora Pratik Ashwinbhai , Patel Rakesh , Dharamsi Abhay
Published: January 2021

Background:

Pemetrexed is a folate analogue metabolic inhibitor for mammalian cells.
Pemetrexed is toxic to several cancer cells by interfering with their new biosynthesis of nucleotides,
thus causing cell apoptosis. Presently, Pemetrexed is given to patients with Non-Small
Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC).

Objective:

This review focuses on the recent patents of Pemetrexed. This assessment includes patents
grouped in segments like crystalline form patent, composition related patents, product patents,
as well as a method of treatment. The aim of this review is to simplify inventors with existing
patents in a single place.

Methods:

Data were searched from several available databases, including paid databases which include
Orbit® and SciFinder®. Free databases include Worldwide Espacenet® (EPO), Patentscope®
(WIPO), InPASS (Indian patent database) and Google Patents.

Results:

Some new polymorph and composition-related inventions of Pemetrexed have been recently
patented as its orange-book listed patents will soon expire in May 2022. Further, because of the
problem of oxidation through the development and continuing storage of Pemetrexed composition,
several excipients are experimented with within these patents to stabilize the same. Nevertheless,
there is a need for further development of an improved composition of Pemetrexed with improved
characteristics.

Conclusion:

Wide research has been conducted on different processes for preparing Pemetrexed
and formulation thereof. Such type of active research may clear the track for the generic companies
in the United States, producing the formulation at low prices and providing universal health care at
economical prices.
Concepts on Smart Nano-Based Drug Delivery System
Authors: Rai Shweta , Singh Neeraj , Bhattacharya Sankha
Published: January 2021

Nanomedicine is a branch of healthcare, which has many clinical applications. Nanoscale science has to
presume an attractive slot for research in drug delivery as nanocarriers either through active or passive targeting
approaches to the cell-specific drug delivery. Liposomes, solid-lipid nanoparticles, dendrimers, polymeric nanoparticles,
mesoporous silica nanoparticles, inorganic nanoparticles, nanotubes, quantum dots, and nanofibers are nanocarriers that
are proved too smart nano-based drug delivery system. The nanoparticulate system shows high stability, high specificity,
high efficacy, liability to form in different dosage, used through different routes, as well as the ability to deliver
hydrophobically as well as hydrophilic drugs. These nanoparticulate systems are showing wider applications to cure the
disease through nanomedicines and biomedical applications viz. chemical and biological sensors, information storage
systems, magneto-optic, optical devices, and fiber-optic systems. In this review article, the author describes the various
smart nano-based drug delivery system along with their endocytic pathways used for the uptake of nanoparticles.
Recent Advances on the Application of Graphene Quantum Dots in Energy Storage
Authors: Shi Feng , Liu Quanrun
Published: January 2021

Background:

As an emerging carbon nanomaterial, Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs)
have shown great potential application in new energy storage devices due to their unique small size
effect and abundant edge active sites. This work introduces the main synthesis strategies of GQDs,
which include top-down and bottom-up methods; the application examples of GQDs and GQDsbased
composites in energy storage are reviewed, moreover, the unique advantages of GQDs in supercapacitors,
Lithium-Ion Batteries (LIBs) and Lithium-sulfur batteries (Li–S batteries) are highlighted.
The problems and development prospects in this growing area are also discussed.

Methods:

We conducted a detailed search of “the application of GQDs in energy storage devices” in
the published papers and the public patents based on the Web of Science database in the period from
2014 to 2020. The corresponding literature was carefully evaluated and analyzed.

Results:

Sixty papers and twenty-eight recent patents were included in this mini-review. The significant
advances in recent years are summarized with comparative and balanced discussion. Thanks to
the unique properties of large specific surface area, high conductivity and abundant active sites,
GQDs have unparalleled potential application for new energy storage, especially improving the specific
capacity and cycle stability of supercapacitors, LIBs and Li-S batteries.

Conclusion:

The findings of this mini-review confirm the importance of GQDs, show the enhanced
electrochemical performance in supercapacitors, LIBs and Li-S batteries, and also provide a helpful
guide to design and fabricate high-efficiency electrode materials.