bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enterprise service-oriented transformation and sustainable development driven by digital technology
Authors: Luo Shuangcheng , Liu Jianjiang
Published: May 2024

The deep integration of digital technology and the real economy not only affects the production and operation mode of enterprises, but also becomes the promoter of service-oriented transformation and the driving force of sustainable development. Based on the text analysis method, this paper uses the data of Chinese listed manufacturing enterprises from 2011 to 2020 to study the impact of digital technology application on the service-oriented transformation and sustainable development of enterprises. It is found that digital technology application significantly improves the environmental performance and economic performance of enterprises by driving their service-oriented transformation and technological innovation, and then enhances their sustainable development. The improvement effect of digital technology application on the sustainable development of resource-based enterprises and capital-intensive enterprises is more significant. The conclusion in this paper provides micro-evidence for understanding the role of digital technology in addressing environmental issues and sustainable development.
Temperature effect on a weighted vortex spin-torque nano-oscillator for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Li Ren , Rezaeiyan Yasser , Böhnert Tim , Schulman Alejandro , Ferreira Ricardo , Farkhani Hooman , Moradi Farshad
Published: May 2024

In this work, we present fabricated magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) that can serve as magnetic memories (MMs) or vortex spin-torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) depending on the device geometry. We explore the heating effect on the devices to study how the performance of a neuromorphic computing system (NCS) consisting of MMs and STNOs can be enhanced by temperature. We further applied a neural network for waveform classification applications. The resistance of MMs represents the synaptic weights of the NCS, while temperature acts as an extra degree of freedom in changing the weights and TMR, as their anti-parallel resistance is temperature sensitive, and parallel resistance is temperature independent. Given the advantage of using heat for such a network, we envision using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) to selectively heat MMs and/or STNO when needed. We found that when heating MMs only, STNO only, or both MMs and STNO, from 25 to 75 °C, the output power of the STNO increases by 24.7%, 72%, and 92.3%, respectively. Our study shows that temperature can be used to improve the output power of neural networks, and we intend to pave the way for future implementation of a low-area and high-speed VCSEL-assisted spintronic NCS.
A new attempt to remove toluene using nickel–iron bimetallic particle electrode reactor
Authors: Li Siwen , Jiang Bo , Liu Gen , Shi Chunyan , Yu Hongbin , Lin Yingzi
Published: May 2024

A new attempt of removing toluene waste gas using a three-dimensional electrode reaction device with nickel–iron bimetallic particle electrode is presented in this paper. The particle electrode was prepared by a simple liquid phase reduction method. Through bimetal modification, the particle electrode mass transfer rate is increased to 1.29 times, and the degradation efficiency of the reactor is increased by nearly 40%, which makes it possible to remove toluene waste gas by other electrochemical methods in addition to plasma method. The removal efficiency of the particle electrode can be stabilized at more than 80% after 5 cycles (50 h). At the same time, the relationship between independent working parameters and dependent variables is analyzed using the central composite design, and the operating parameters are optimized. Based on this study, the removal mechanism and possible degradation pathway of toluene were investigated. This study provides a supplement to the possibility and theoretical basis of new technology application for electrocatalytic oxidation removal of VOCs.
Whole transcriptome profiling reveals a lncMDP1 that regulates myogenesis by adsorbing miR-301a-5p targeting CHAC1
Authors: Chen Bingjie , Cai Hanfang , Niu Yufang , Zhang Yushi , Wang Yanxing , Liu Yang , Han Ruili , Liu Xiaojun , Kang Xiangtao , Li Zhuanjian
Published: May 2024

Myoblast proliferation and differentiation are essential for skeletal muscle development. In this study, we generated the expression profiles of mRNAs, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs) in different developmental stages of chicken primary myoblasts (CPMs) using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technology. The dual luciferase reporter system was performed using chicken embryonic fibroblast cells (DF-1), and functional studies quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-Ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU), flow cytometry cycle, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (RNA-FISH), immunofluorescence, and western blotting assay. Our research demonstrated that miR-301a-5p had a targeted binding ability to lncMDP1 and ChaC glutathione-specific gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase 1 (CHAC1). The results revealed that lncMDP1 regulated the proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts via regulating the miR-301a-5p/CHAC1 axis, and CHAC1 promotes muscle regeneration. This study fulfilled the molecular regulatory network of skeletal muscle development and providing an important theoretical reference for the future improvement of chicken meat performance and meat quality.
Near-collapse of the geomagnetic field may have contributed to atmospheric oxygenation and animal radiation in the Ediacaran Period
Authors: Huang Wentao , Tarduno John A. , Zhou Tinghong , Ibañez-Mejia Mauricio , Dal Olmo-Barbosa Laércio , Koester Edinei , Blackman Eric G. , Smirnov Aleksey V. , Ahrendt Gabriel , Cottrell Rory D. , Kodama Kenneth P. , Bono Richard K. , Sibeck David G. , Li Yong-Xiang , Nimmo Francis , Xiao Shuhai , Watkeys Michael K.
Published: May 2024

Earth’s magnetic field was in a highly unusual state when macroscopic animals of the Ediacara Fauna diversified and thrived. Any connection between these events is tantalizing but unclear. Here, we present single crystal paleointensity data from 2054 and 591 Ma pyroxenites and gabbros that define a dramatic intensity decline, from a strong Proterozoic field like that of today, to an Ediacaran value 30 times weaker. The latter is the weakest time-averaged value known to date and together with other robust paleointensity estimates indicate that Ediacaran ultra-low field strengths lasted for at least 26 million years. This interval of ultra-weak magnetic fields overlaps temporally with atmospheric and oceanic oxygenation inferred from numerous geochemical proxies. This concurrence raises the question of whether enhanced H ion loss in a reduced magnetic field contributed to the oxygenation, ultimately allowing diversification of macroscopic and mobile animals of the Ediacara Fauna.
Investigating inflation, living costs and mental health service utilization in post-COVID-19 England
Authors: Chen Shanquan , Yang Miaoqing , Kuper Hannah
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the association between price inflation and mental health conditions in the general population during the post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era in England, beginning from April 2022. Here, utilizing data from the Office for National Statistics and the National Health Service, we examined the association between price inflation, reflected by an official index ‘Consumer Prices Index including owner occupiers’ housing costs’ and the number of people in contact with mental health services across different age groups. Our findings revealed that, compared with the pre-COVID-19 period (August 2016 to February 2020), significant associations emerged between specific living costs (including costs for ‘food and non-alcoholic beverages’, ‘housing, water and fuels’ and ‘miscellaneous goods and services’) and mental health service utilization during the post-COVID-19 era. This association was particularly noted for adults aged 19–64 years and the elderly population aged 65 years and over. The results highlight the importance of addressing the potential causes of mental health issues in the context of rising living costs and can inform targeted social and economic policies, such as financial subsidies for food and non-alcoholic beverages and the need to scale up mental health services.
Antimicrobial stewardship: a definition with a One Health perspective
Authors: Hibbard Rebecca , Mendelson Marc , Page Stephen W. , Ferreira Jorge Pinto , Pulcini Céline , Paul Mathilde C. , Faverjon Céline
Published: May 2024

Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is a commonly advocated approach to address antimicrobial resistance. However, AMS is often defined in different ways depending on where it is applied, such that a range of definitions is now in use. These definitions may be functional and well-structured for a given context but are often ill-adapted for collaborative work, creating difficulties for intersectoral communication on AMS and complicating the design, implementation, and evaluation of AMS interventions from a One Health perspective. Using boundary object theory, we identified three key elements common to AMS in different settings in the human and animal health sectors—a sense of collective and temporal responsibility, flexibility in scale and scope, and contextual contingency. Based on these findings, we propose a definition for antimicrobial stewardship applicable to the human and animal health sectors, intended to facilitate intersectoral communication and cooperation. Further directions of this work could include the application of the definition to develop indicators for evaluating stewardship interventions and the extension of the definition to incorporate elements pertinent to plant and ecosystem health.
Insights into emulsion synthesis of self-assembled suprastructures formed by Janus silica particles with –NH2/–SH surface groups
Authors: Melnyk Inna V. , Tomina Veronika , Yankovych Halyna , Kolev Hristo , Dutkova Erika , Breijaert Troy C. , Kessler Vadim G. , Seisenbaeva Gulaim A.
Published: May 2024

Spherical particles with adjustable anisotropic structures and diverse surface functionalities have sparked interest in their applications in adsorption technologies and potential in fluorescence-based sensing.
Donor–acceptor hetero[6]radialene-based three-dimensional covalent organic frameworks for organic pollutant adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, and hydrogen production activity
Authors: Wang Jing Han , Hassan Ahmed E. , Elewa Ahmed M. , EL-Mahdy Ahmed F. M.
Published: May 2024

By investigating the effects of electron donor topology and the hetero[6]radialene structure on the 3D COF photocatalytic activity, a twisted BF structure was found to improve organic pollutant degradation and water hydrogen production.
Multidimensional mass profiles increase confidence in bacterial identification when using low-resolution mass spectrometers
Authors: Sasiene Zachary J. , LeBrun Erick S. , Velappan Nileena , Anderson Austin R. , Patterson Nathan H. , Dufresne Martin , Farrow Melissa A. , Norris Jeremy L. , Caprioli Richard M. , Mach Phillip M. , McBride Ethan M. , Glaros Trevor G.
Published: May 2024

A novel multidimensional scan technique combining MS1 and MS/MS scans greatly enhances bacterial differentiation from low resolution data for clinical and field-forward applications.
Colloidal synthesis of metallodielectric Janus matchsticks
Authors: Mu Yijiang , Duan Wendi , Dai Yuxuan , Sullivan Patrick A. , Deravi Leila F. , Wang Yufeng , Lee Daeyeon
Published: May 2024

Metallodielectric Janus matchsticks with variable aspect ratios are synthesized through a scalable approach that uses silica growth and functionalization at one end of microrods, followed by site-specific gold deposition.
Exploration of the polymorphic solid-state landscape of an amide-linked organic cage using computation and automation
Authors: Shields C. E. , Fellowes T. , Slater A. G. , Cooper A. I. , Andrews K. G. , Szczypiński F. T.
Published: May 2024

Inexpensive calculations and high-throughput crystallisations were used to identify accessible cage conformations by ‘locking’ them in the solid state. The conformers suggest adaptability towards binding a wide array of target guest molecules.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of two fluorophosphates K2Mn(PO3F)F3 and Na2Mn(HPO4)F3 with a S = 2 uniform spin chain structure
Authors: Luo Qi , Li Ningxia , Zhao Zhiying , Cui Meiyan , He Zhangzhen
Published: May 2024

Two fluorophosphates exhibit a S = 2 uniform chain structure formed by MnO2F4 octahedra with corner-sharing F atoms along the b-axis.
Incorporating solvent effects in DFT: insights from cation exchange in faujasites
Authors: Ta An T. , Daouli Ayoub , Ullberg R. Seaton , Fonseca Eric , Proust Vanessa , Grandjean Agnès , Hennig Richard G. , zur Loye Hans-Conrad , Badawi Michael , Phillpot Simon R.
Published: May 2024

Investigation of solvation effects emphasizes the importance of including explicit and implicit solvent for accurate DFT predictions on ion exchange.
Mechanism and origin of cyclization selectivity for Ru(ii)-catalyzed gem-hydrogenation of 1,3-enynes: a DFT study
Authors: Liu Shuiqing , Ling Baoping , Bi Siwei , Wang Rongyue
Published: May 2024

The mechanism of gem-hydrogenation, origins of cyclization selectivity, and influence of heteroatoms were investigated using DFT computations.
Robust battery interphases from dilute fluorinated cations
Authors: Hong Chulgi Nathan , Yan Mengwen , Borodin Oleg , Pollard Travis P. , Wu Langyuan , Reiter Manuel , Vazquez Dario Gomez , Trapp Katharina , Yoo Ji Mun , Shpigel Netanel , Feldblyum Jeremy I. , Lukatskaya Maria R.
Published: May 2024

This approach utilizes electrostatic attraction of very low fractions (~0.1 wt%) of readily reducible fluorinated cations in electrolyte to form a robust fluorine-rich SEI and enable stable Li-metal batteries.
Biocompatible and stable quasi-solid-state zinc-ion batteries for real-time responsive wireless wearable electronics
Authors: Zhang Bingyao , Cai Xinze , Li Jingjing , Zhang Hao , Li Dongmin , Ge Haoyang , Liang Shuquan , Lu Bingan , Zhao Jiangqi , Zhou Jiang
Published: May 2024

Based on the versatile Ur-SA hydrogel as an electrolyte and a strain sensor, an all-in-one wearable sensing system has been proposed for dynamic and comprehensive health monitoring.
Efficient solar-driven steam generation for clean water production using a low-cost and scalable natural rubber composite sponge
Authors: Onsri Parichart , Thaveemas Piyatida , Prajongtat Pongthep , Suvandee Whijitra , Techasakul Supanna , Chuenchom Laemthong , Dechtrirat Decha
Published: May 2024

Utilizing well-established foam production technology facilitates the scalability of the methodology described in this study, allowing SSG materials to rapidly transition from the laboratory to commercial and real-world applications.
Theobromine improves hyperactivity, inattention, and working memory via modulation of dopaminergic neural function in the frontal cortex of spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Matsuzaki Kentaro , Sugimoto Naotoshi , Hossain Shahdat , Islam Rafiad , Sumiyoshi Eri , Hashimoto Michio , Kishi Hiroko , Shido Osamu
Published: May 2024

Theobromine mitigates hyperactivity, inattention and cognitive deficits in SHR by modulating dopaminergic nervous function and BDNF levels in the PFC, presenting a potential adjunctive treatment for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Cobalt-doped manganese(iii) oxide cathode materials with enhanced electrochemical performance for aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Zhou Zixiang , Tong Jianbo , Guo Jiale , Guo Shaofeng , Liu Shuhan , Qin Zhipeng , Luo Muxuan , Wang Chao , Liu Shuling
Published: May 2024

Co–Mn2O3 is prepared via a CoMn glycerate derivatization method as a cathode material for zinc-ion batteries, exhibiting enhanced diffusion kinetics, high capacity, and excellent cycling stability.
Integrating a quinone substructure into histone deacetylase inhibitors to cope with Alzheimer's disease and cancer
Authors: Guardigni Melissa , Greco Giulia , Poeta Eleonora , Santini Alan , Tassinari Elisa , Bergamini Christian , Zalambani Chiara , De Simone Angela , Andrisano Vincenza , Uliassi Elisa , Monti Barbara , Bolognesi Maria Laura , Fimognari Carmela , Milelli Andrea
Published: May 2024

Rationally designed quinone-based histone deacetylase inhibitors have been characterized in vitro, showing potential against two of the most devastating diseases of the 21st century.
In vitro nanomaterial testing: unveiling biases through biomolecular corona influence
Authors: Cao Fangfang
Published: May 2024

This article highlights the recent work of Castagnola, Armirotti, et al. (Nanoscale Horiz., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NH00510K) on demonstrating that the widespread use of 10% fetal bovine serum in an in vitro assay cannot recapitulate the complexity of in vivo systemic administration.
Monomers and dimers of fullerenes in the radical anion salts with dyes, (astrophloxine+)2(C60˙−)2 and (astrophloxine+)2(C70−)2: suppression of the C60˙− dimerization by π-stacking
Authors: Sobov Pavel A. , Faraonov Maxim A. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Otsuka Akihiro , Yamochi Hideki , Kitagawa Hiroshi , Konarev Dmitri V.
Published: May 2024

Radical anion salts (astrophloxine+)2(C60·-)2×C6H4Cl2×C6H14 (1) and (astrophloxine+)2(C70−)2 (2) have been obtained with cationic dye. Singly bonded (C60−)2 dimers are partially formed in 1, whereas singly bonded (C70−)2 dimers are found in 2.
Processable soft conducting fibers of self-assembled (2,5-diphenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonyl)-l-phenylalaninate
Authors: Mondal Sahabaj , Ibukun Olamilekan Joseph , Gumtya Milan , Haldar Debasish
Published: May 2024

Compared to EtOH or EtOH/water, ACN/water solution produced better conducting hexagonal nanofiber of (2,5-diphenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carbonyl)-l-phenylalaninate. The fibers from ACN/water can carry 100 nA current upon the applied voltage of 0.56 V.
Ammonium polyphosphate@melamine phytate-layered double hydroxides: a loaded core–shell flame retardant for flame retardancy and smoke suppression in polypropylene
Authors: Li Da , Feng Mingxin , Cai Haoran , Zhang Yuhong , Yao Haoxu , Zhang Zewu , Bao Jiehua , Bu Xiaohai , Zhou Yuming
Published: May 2024

Preparation process of the intumescent flame retardant, flame retardant effect achieved and flame retardant mechanism.
A highly efficient deep red-emitting Mn4+-powered oxyfluoride nanophosphor developed for plant growth and optical thermometric applications
Authors: Abraham Malini , Dhanuka Jatin , Som Sudipta , Pandey Mukesh K. , Das Subrata
Published: May 2024

A deep red-emitting oxyfluoride nanophosphor, Mg14Ge4.99O16F8:0.01Mn4+ (MGOF:Mn), which was synthesized via adopting a scalable synthesis route for temperature sensing and artificial plant growth applications.
Heterointerface MnO2/RuO2 with rich oxygen vacancies for enhanced oxygen evolution in acidic media
Authors: Guan Zhiming , Chen Qian , Liu Lin , Xia Chenghui , Cao Lixin , Dong Bohua
Published: May 2024

The design and synthesis of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts that operate efficiently and stably under acidic conditions are important for the preparation of green hydrogen energy.
Perovskite CoSn(OH)6 nanocubes with tuned d-band states towards enhanced oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Sun Mingwei , Yang Baopeng , Yan Jiaxing , Zhou Yulong , Huang Zhencong , Zhang Ning , Mo Rong , Ma Renzhi
Published: May 2024

An Fe3+ doping strategy is used to optimize the d-band state of the CoSn(OH)6 perovskite hydroxide, which promotes the OER performance of materials.
Blue ZnSeTe quantum dot light-emitting diodes with low efficiency roll-off enabled by an in situ hybridization of ZnMgO nanoparticles and amino alcohol molecules
Authors: Ma Shaolin , Cao Fan , Jia Guohua , Wu Qianqian , Wang Sheng , Yang Xuyong
Published: May 2024

In situ amino alcohol hybrid ZMO NPs have been developed, which not only reduces exciton quenching at the QDs/ETL interface, but also enhances electron injection. In the end, a peak EQE of 8.6% and an extremely low efficiency roll-off were achieved.
Advanced photocatalytic materials based degradation of micropollutants and their use in hydrogen production – a review
Authors: Balu Surendar , Ganapathy Dhanraj , Arya Sandeep , Atchudan Raji , Sundramoorthy Ashok K.
Published: May 2024

The future directions of photocatalytic degradation of micropollutants (pharmaceuticals, dyes, pesticides, etc.) and its role in green fuel production from wastewater are discussed with several examples of modern photocatalysts.
Use of deep eutectic solvents in environmentally-friendly dye-sensitized solar cells and their physicochemical properties: a brief review
Authors: Pishro Khatereh A. , Gonzalez Mario Henrique
Published: May 2024

A novel way to mitigate the greenhouse effect is to use dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to convert carbon dioxide from the air into useful products, such as hydrocarbons, which can also store energy from the sun, a plentiful, clean, and safe resource.
Ts2O mediated deoxygenative C2-dithiocarbamation of quinoline N-oxides with CS2 and amines
Authors: Xie Long-Yong , Liu Chu , Wang Si-Yu , Tian Zhong-Ying , Peng Sha
Published: May 2024

A Ts2O promoted deoxygenative C2-dithiocarbamation of quinoline N-oxides with CS2 and amines toward various quinoline-dithiocarbamates under transition-metal free conditions was developed.
C–H and C–F bond activation of fluorinated propenes at Rh: enabling cross-coupling reactions with outer-sphere C–C coupling
Authors: Talavera Maria , Mollasalehi Soodeh , Braun Thomas
Published: May 2024

Cross coupling reactions of fluorinated olefins occur by C–H bond activation at Rh to provide a fluorinated ligand for a subsequent outer-sphere C–F bond functionalization.
Employing racemization strategies to simultaneously enhance the quantum yield, lifetime, and water stability of room-temperature phosphorescent materials
Authors: Lin Zenggang , Zhang Peng , Song Fuqiang , Yang Yuzhu , Miao Xuan , Liu Weisheng
Published: May 2024

Room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials are increasingly recognized for their superior luminescent properties, which are pivotal in applications such as anti-counterfeiting, information storage, and optoelectronics.
Introducing AFS ([Al(SO3F)3]x) – a thermally stable, readily available, and catalytically active solid Lewis superacid
Authors: Schlögl Johanna , Goldammer Ole , Bader Julia , Emmerling Franziska , Riedel Sebastian
Published: May 2024

This paper introduces the thermally stable, solid Lewis superacid aluminium tris(fluorosulfate) (AFS), that is easy-to-synthesize from commercially available starting materials. Its applicability, e.g. in catalytic C–F bond activations, is shown.
Stability and degradation of (oxy)nitride photocatalysts for solar water splitting
Authors: Werner Valérie , Lora Franky Bedoya , Chai Ziwei , Hörndl Julian , Praxmair Jakob , Luber Sandra , Haussener Sophia , Pokrant Simone
Published: May 2024

The investigation of degradation processes provides opportunities for the stability improvement of photocatalysts and photoelectrodes. This perspective provides an overview on recent progress with a focus on (oxy)nitrides.
Interface construction of CuCoSe@NiS based on an ultrathin nanosheet for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Wenrui , Yan Yue , Wang Xing , Wei Chengzhi , Yang  , Xu Tao , Li Xianfu
Published: May 2024

Transition metal selenides and sulfides have attracted much attention as supercapacitor electrode materials, and reasonable construction and modification strategies can effectively improve their actual energy storage capacity.
Carbonization of quercetin into nanogels: a leap in anticoagulant development
Authors: Chu Han-Wei , Chen Wan-Jyun , Liu Ko-Hsin , Mao Ju-Yi , Harroun Scott G. , Unnikrishnan Binesh , Lin Han-Jia , Ma Yunn-Hwa , Chang Huan-Tsung , Huang Chih-Ching
Published: May 2024

Quercetin undergoes controlled pyrolysis to form CNGsQur, a potent anticoagulant with improved solubility and biocompatibility. Carbonization degree greatly impacts its efficacy, making CNGsQur a promising material for treating thrombotic disorder.
Simple fabrication of laser-induced graphene functionalized with a copper-based metal–organic framework and its application in solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Morales-Cámara Samuel , Toral Victor , Vitorica-Yrezabal Iñigo J. , Rivadeneyra Almudena , Pereira Luis , Rojas Sara , Romero Francisco J.
Published: May 2024

Fabrication of laser-induced graphene functionalized with a metal–organic framework (Cu-BTC). The Cu-BTC@LIG composites are used as electrodes for supercapacitors.
Correction: Saturated-blue-emitting [3+2+1] coordinated iridium(iii) complexes for vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting devices
Authors: Zhang Meng , Ng Maggie , Wu Chengcheng , Tong Kai-Ning , Li Wansi , Wu Yuan , Yang Chen , Wang Min , Tang Man-Chung , Wei Guodan
Published: May 2024

Correction for ‘Saturated-blue-emitting [3+2+1] coordinated iridium(iii) complexes for vacuum-deposited organic light-emitting devices’ by Meng Zhang et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, 10, 14616–14625, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2TC02829H.
An analytical fast field solver for surface permanent magnet co‐axial magnetic gears
Authors: Javanmardi Mohammad Hosein , Rahideh Akbar
Published: May 2024

A mathematical model of co‐axial magnetic gears is given for the prediction of magnetic field distribution and the magnetic forces. The modelling approach is based on the separation of variables method (SVM), Sturm–Liouville problem, and spectral analysis. This method is computationally more efficient and has the ability to account for finite permeability of magnetic saliency. An finite element method (FEM) validation is performed for a case study, and the results are observed to be almost matched. The computational time of the analytical model has been almost in the same order of that of the FEM for a specified rotor position (both in a matter of a second or less); however, when 100 number of rotor positions were accounted in the simulation, the computational time of FEM was increased to 82 s, while the computational complexity of SVM was almost unaffected.
Stereo matching from monocular images using feature consistency
Authors: Lu Zhongjian , Chen An , Gao Hongxia , Zhang Langwen , Zhang Congyu , Yang Yang
Published: May 2024

Synthetic images facilitate stereo matching. However, synthetic images may suffer from image distortion, domain bias, and stereo mismatch, which would significantly restrict the widespread use of stereo matching models in the real world. The first goal in this paper is to synthesize real‐looking images for minimizing the domain bias between the synthesized and real images. For this purpose, sharpened disparity maps are produced from a mono real image. Then, stereo image pairs are synthesized using these imperfect disparity maps and the single real image in the proposed pipeline. Although the synthesized images are as realistic as possible, the domain styles of the synthesized images are always very different from the real images. Thus, the second goal is to enhance the domain generalization ability of the stereo matching network. For that, the feature extraction layer is replaced with a teacher–student model. Then, a constraint of binocular contrast features is imposed on the output of the model. When tested on the KITTI, ETH3D, and Middlebury datasets, the accuracy of the method outperforms traditional methods by at least 30%. Experiments demonstrate that the approaches are general and can be conveniently embedded into existing stereo networks.
Low sidelobe planar electrically large sparse array antenna with element number reduction based on genetic algorithm
Authors: Zhu Yangkun , Ma Wenyu , Wang Chuang , Cao Wenquan
Published: May 2024

Conventionally, both electrically larger (EL) arrays and sparse arrays offer the advantage of element number reduction but disadvantage of high sidelobe levels. A new scheme of planar EL sparse array antenna based on a genetic algorithm (GA) to achieve low sidelobe with element number reduction is proposed. To begin with, EL sparse array antenna optimisation models based on GA for both linear and planar arrays are analysed. Then, an EL slot antenna element based on a 3 × 3 substrate integrated waveguide cavity is designed. An 8‐element linear EL sparse array antenna is designed and compared with a uniform array antenna, demonstrating a reduction in the maximum sidelobe level (MSLL) by nearly 4.6 dB. After that, a 4 × 8 element planar EL sparse array antenna is fabricated and measured. Compared to an 8 × 16 element planar EL uniform array antenna, the number of antenna elements is reduced by 75%, while the MSLL is reduced by approximately 3 dB. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth ranges from 25.3 to 27.8 GHz. At the central frequency, the radiation pattern achieves a peak gain of 29.6 dBi, exhibiting low sidelobe levels below −15.0 dB.
Interdisziplinäre Plastische und Rekonstruktive Chirurgie
von Plattenepithelkarzinomen des
Kopf-Hals-Bereichs
Authors: Remmert S. , Sack F. , Hasenberg S. , Lehnhardt M. , Steubing Y. , Puscz F.
Published: May 2024

Das Plattenepithelkarzinom ist das häufigste Malignom im Bereich der Mundhöhle,
des Pharynx und des Larynx. Auch im Zeitalter modernster medikamentöser
Behandlungsverfahren ist und bleibt derzeit die radikale Resektion dieser
Tumoren der therapeutische Goldstandard. Der mit der Operation verbundene
Verlust anatomischer Strukturen verstärkt zwangsläufig die durch den Tumor
selbst hervorgerufenen Funktionsstörungen. Dabei wird der Umfang der
funktionellen Defizite maßgeblich vom Resektionsausmaß bestimmt. Komplette
Organresektionen, wie die Glossektomie, die komplette Gaumenresektion, die
Laryngektomie oder die quere Pharyngo- Laryngektomie führen zu schwersten
Funktionsausfällen, wie Störungen des Schluckaktes mit lebensbedrohlichen
Aspirationen und Artikulationsstörungen bis hin zur Sprechunfähigkeit. Mit Hilfe
der plastisch- rekonstruktiven Chirurgie lassen sich der Gewebeverlust ersetzen
und die spezifischen Funktionen des oberen Aerodigestivtraktes erhalten bzw.
wiederherstellen.

In den letzten Jahrzehnten haben sich die rekonstruktiven Operationsverfahren im
Rahmen der Behandlung maligner Tumoren des Kopf- Hals- Bereichs enorm weiter
entwickelt. Um diese optimal zu nutzen, ist ein umfassendes, interdisziplinäres
Therapiekonzept Voraussetzung für den onkologischen und funktionellen Erfolg.
Dabei spielen neben allgemeinmedizinischen und sozialen vor allem
operationstechnische Parameter die entscheidende Rolle bei der Wahl der
Rekonstruktionsmethode. In wie weit die operativen Maßnahmen fachübergreifend
erfolgen müssen, hängt von der Lokalisation der Defekte im Kopf-Hals-Bereich und
von der Art des benötigten Ersatzgewebes ab. Hierbei kommt neben der Expertise
der HNO-Chirurgen die Expertise der Plastischen Chirurgen, der
Mund-Kiefer-Gesichtschirurgen und der Abdominalchirurgen besonders zum Tragen.
Der Einsatz unterschiedlicher Gewebe, die Kombination verschiedener
Transplantate und Lappen oder die Präformierung von Spenderregionen ermöglichen
Rekonstruktionen weit über das Maß der alleinigen Wiederherstellung der
Oberflächenintegrität. Die funktionellen Ergebnisse und damit die Lebensqualität
der Patienten nach chirurgischer Therapie ausgedehnter Tumoren der genannten
Lokalisationen hängen entscheidend von der Art der Rekonstruktion ab. Deshalb
wird im nachfolgenden Referat der besondere Schwerpunkt auf die Wahl der
Rekonstruktionsmethode und die Rekonstruktionstechnik bei Gewebeverlusten nach
Resektionen von Plattenepithelkarzinomen im Kopf-Hals-Bereich (HNSCC)
gelegt.
Tumour stage and overall survival in patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and primary sclerosing cholangitis – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Schramm Christoph , Sapuk Ayaz , Hoyer Dieter , Radünz Sonia , Schmidt Hartmut
Published: May 2024

Background Patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) carry increased risks for malignancy, among which cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the most frequent. We aimed to characterise a cohort of patients with PSC and intrahepatic CCA (iCCA) and to compare this cohort with CCA in different localisations.

Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of our medical database from 01.01.2007 to 30.06.2023 and differentiated CCA according to its localisation within the biliary tract into iCCA, perihilar CCA (pCCA), distal CCA (dCCA), and gallbladder carcinoma (GBC).

Results We identified 8 (28%) patients with iCCA, 14 (48%) patients with pCCA, 6 (21%) patients with GBC, and 1 (3%) patient with dCCA without significant differences in gender distribution and mean age. Mean time between diagnosis of PSC and CCA was 158±84 months for iCCA, 93±94 months for pCCA, and 77±69 months for GBC (p=0.230). At the time of CCA diagnosis, advanced-stage disease was present in 6 (75%) patients with iCCA, 13 (93%) patients with pCCA, and 2 (40%) patients with GBC (p=0.050). Only 5 (63%) patients with iCCA received curatively intended surgery, of whom 4 (80%) patients developed recurrence after a mean time of 38±31 months. Mean survival time in patients with iCCA (35±33 months) lay between patients with pCCA (14±8 months) and patients with GBC (57±58 months), but the difference was not statistically significant (p=0.131).

Conclusion Patients with PSC and iCCA showed an advanced tumour stage at diagnosis and limited long-time survival, which was classified between pCCA with worse prognosis and GBC with better prognosis.
Racial capitalism and COVID-19
Authors: Prasad Ajnesh
Published: May 2024

The aim of this article is to revisit the racial disparities in health outcomes from COVID-19 and to problematize the overly simplified attribution of these numbers to race. This article calls for a deeper understanding of society’s wider economic arrangements in which these racial disparities are produced. It considers why a proposed public-policy measure that targeted racism—though without substantively accounting for the underlying form of capitalism through which it materializes—in an effort to remediate the differential health outcomes from COVID-19 between whites and racialized others was problematic and incomplete. Such an approach neither sufficiently accounted for structural conditions that led vulnerable racial minorities to develop comorbidities at a much higher rate than the local white population nor did it explain the labor market dynamics that resulted in vulnerable racial minorities being more likely to be employed in low-paid, frontline work as compared to white workers, which made the most effective way by which to avoid contracting the virus (i.e., physical distancing) all but impossible. This article finds that should the unsettling numbers related to the racial health disparities that unfolded during the pandemic be analyzed from a critical perspective, it would show how race is a cog in the machinery of neoliberalism, which culminates in racial capitalism. Specifically, racial capitalism fosters the economic stratification necessary to yield the consequences it had in terms of disparities in health outcomes from COVID-19. This article uses COVID-19 to illuminate how racism and capitalism function symbiotically to organize society, and responding to the former is perfunctory without interrogating the latter.
Familiarity, confidence and preference of artificial intelligence feedback and prompts by Australian breast cancer screening readers
Authors: Trieu Phuong Dung (Yun) , Barron Melissa L. , Jiang Zhengqiang , Tavakoli Taba Seyedamir , Gandomkar Ziba , Lewis Sarah J.
Published: May 2024

Objectives This study explored the familiarity, perceptions and confidence of Australian radiology clinicians involved in reading screening mammograms, regarding artificial intelligence (AI) applications in breast cancer detection. Methods Sixty-five radiologists, breast physicians and radiology trainees participated in an online survey that consisted of 23 multiple choice questions asking about their experience and familiarity with AI products. Furthermore, the survey asked about their confidence in using AI outputs and their preference for AI modes applied in a breast screening context. Participants’ responses to questions were compared using Pearson’s χ2 test. Bonferroni-adjusted significance tests were used for pairwise comparisons. Results Fifty-five percent of respondents had experience with AI in their workplaces, with automatic density measurement powered by machine learning being the most familiar AI product (69.4%). The top AI outputs with the highest ranks of perceived confidence were ‘Displaying suspicious areas on mammograms with the percentage of cancer possibility’ (67.8%) and ‘Automatic mammogram classification (normal, benign, cancer, uncertain)’ (64.6%). Radiology and breast physicians preferred using AI as second-reader mode (75.4% saying ‘somewhat happy’ to ‘extremely happy’) over triage (47.7%), pre-screening and first-reader modes (both with 26.2%) (P < 0.001). Conclusion The majority of screen readers expressed increased confidence in utilising AI for highlighting suspicious areas on mammograms and for automatically classifying mammograms. They considered AI as an optimal second-reader mode being the most ideal use in a screening program. The findings provide valuable insights into the familiarities and expectations of radiologists and breast clinicians for the AI products that can enhance the effectiveness of the breast cancer screening programs, benefitting both healthcare professionals and patients alike.
Developmental patterns of flowers and pods and the effect on seed number in French serradella (Ornithopus sativus) and yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) cultivars
Authors: Goward Laura E. , Haling Rebecca E. , Smith Rowan W. , Penrose Beth , Simpson Richard J.
Published: May 2024

Context Reliable seed production is a key requirement for successful year-on-year regeneration of annual pasture legumes. Aims The study aims were to investigate the developmental patterns of flowers and pods and the effect on seed number among cultivars of French (Ornithopus sativus Brot.) and yellow serradella (O. compressus L.); and to assess the effects of early flower loss. Methods Four cultivars of each species were grown in a glasshouse under non-limiting growth conditions. Date of flowering and numbers of flowers, pods and seeds were assessed for up to 20 reproductive nodes on two stem axes per plant (n = 5 plants). A flower removal treatment was imposed to assess whether early flower loss affected flower and/or pod production. Key results Flowering in the serradellas was indeterminate, but for all cultivars there was a peak period of flower and pod production, with the timing and duration of the peak period differing among cultivars. Peak flowering occurred primarily because the proportion of plants flowering began to decline, but the number of flowers per reproductive node and the number of pods formed per node also declined with time. Compensation for early flower loss was observed for most cultivars because of a longer duration of pod formation and/or greater numbers of pods developed on higher reproductive nodes. Conclusions This study demonstrated that there is diversity in the patterns of flowering and podding and number of seeds initiated among serradellas. Implications Diversity in flowering and podding patterns combined with a capacity to compensate for early flower loss may be used to develop serradellas better able to cope with environmental stressors (frost, drought, heat) experienced during the flowering window.
Supporting best practice in the management of chronic diseases in primary health care settings: a scoping review of training programs for Indigenous Health Workers and Practitioners
Authors: Pearson Odette , Othman Shwikar , Colmer Kate , Ishaque Sana , Mejia Gloria , Crossing Sarah , Jesudason David , Wittert Gary , Zimmet Paul , Zoungas Sophia , Wischer Natalie , Morey Kim , Giles Jane , Jones Sara , Brown Alex , Kumar Saravana
Published: May 2024

Background To improve diabetes management in primary health care for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples population, training programs that are culturally and contextually relevant to the local context are required. Using a scoping review methodology, the aim of this review was to describe the characteristics of chronic disease management training programs for Aboriginal Health Workers and Practitioners, their effectiveness on knowledge and skills, and client-related outcomes, and the enablers, barriers to delivery and participation. Methods Following protocol parameters, a systematic search was conducted in relevant databases and grey literature. Two independent reviewers screened the title and abstract of each paper to determine if the study met the inclusion criteria. Results Of the 23 included studies, most were developed with stakeholders, profession facilitated and delivered by cultural facilitators. All training programs included content knowledge, two included a professional support network, four provided on-the-job support and six had follow-up support post-training. Modes of delivery ranged from didactic, storytelling and hands-on learning. Two studies reported significant improvement in participants’ knowledge and confidence; one reported improvement in knowledge (12.7% increase pre-post training), and an increase in confidence in both clinical and non-clinical skills. Enablers (relevance, modes of learning, power of networking, improved knowledge, confidence and clinical practice) and barriers (adult learning capabilities, competing work-family commitments) were reported. Few studies reported on knowledge transfer into clinical practice and client-related outcomes. Conclusions Multifaceted training programs for Aboriginal health workers are well received and may improve workforce capability.
The HSV-1 pUL37 protein promotes cell invasion by regulating the kinesin-1 motor
Authors: Kim DongHo , Cianfrocco Michael A. , Verhey Kristen J. , Smith Gregory A.
Published: May 2024

Neurotropic alphaherpesviruses, including herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), recruit microtubule motor proteins to invade cells. The incoming viral particle traffics to nuclei in a two-step process. First, the particle uses the dynein–dynactin motor to sustain transport to the centrosome. In neurons, this step is responsible for long-distance retrograde axonal transport and is an important component of the neuroinvasive property shared by these viruses. Second, a kinesin-dependent mechanism redirects the particle from the centrosome to the nucleus. We have reported that the kinesin motor used during the second step of invasion is assimilated into nascent virions during the previous round of infection. Here, we report that the HSV-1 pUL37 tegument protein suppresses the assimilated kinesin-1 motor during retrograde axonal transport. Region 2 (R2) of pUL37 was required for suppression and functioned independently of the autoinhibitory mechanism native to kinesin-1. Furthermore, the motor domain and proximal coiled coil of kinesin-1 were sufficient for HSV-1 assimilation, pUL37 suppression, and nuclear trafficking. pUL37 localized to the centrosome, the site of assimilated kinesin-1 activation during infection, when expressed in cells in the absence of other viral proteins; however, pUL37 did not suppress kinesin-1 in this context. These results indicate that the pUL37 tegument protein spatially and temporally regulates kinesin-1 via the amino-terminal motor region in the context of the incoming viral particle.
Feasibility of acousto-electric tomography
Authors: Jensen Bjørn , Kirkeby Adrian , Knudsen Kim
Published: May 2024

In acousto-electric tomography (AET) the goal is to reconstruct the electric conductivity in a domain from electrostatic boundary measurements of corresponding currents and voltages, while the domain is perturbed by a time-dependent acoustic wave, thus taking advantage of the acousto-electric effect. We approach the AET reconstruction in two steps: First, the interior power density is obtained from boundary measurements by solving a linear inverse and ill-posed problem; second, the interior conductivity is reconstructed from the power density by solving a non-linear and well-posed problem. Mathematically these inverse problems are fairly well understood, and reconstruction methods work well on synthetic data. This is in contrast to experimental findings. An effect can indeed be observed and data can be collected. However, the acousto-electric coupling is very weak, and consequently, the change in the measured voltage due to the acoustic perturbation might be too small compared to the background noise for viable reconstructions. In this paper, we take one step towards understanding the feasibility of AET. We provide an in-silico model of the coupled physics scenario based on standard models for the individual phenomena. Moreover, we formulate and implement numerically a full reconstruction method for the inverse problem via the two steps. We perform computational experiments with realistically chosen parameters from the context of medical imaging. The focus is on understanding the role of the acousto-electric coupling parameter and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The critical signal strength is analyzed and the omnipresent Johnson–Nyquist noise is estimated. We obtain both positive and negative findings; we can reconstruct features even under severe noise conditions, but we also find that the SNR one is likely to face in practice is too low to obtain useful reconstructions.
Propagation behaviors of two-dimensional chirped finite-energy Pearcey beams in free space
Authors: Zhang Jinggui , Xu Yunwu
Published: May 2024

We introduce two-dimensional chirped finite energy Pearcey beams (FEPBs) for the first time and investigate the propagation dynamics. First, we applied the Huygens–Fresnel integral to derive an explicit analytical expression which is suitable for describing FEPB propagation in free space. It is interesting to find that FEPBs will experience three typical propagation patterns, i.e. the single-autofocusing case, dual-autofocusing case and non-autofocusing diffraction case, only depending on the value of the input asymmetric chirp. We further arrive at the critical condition of these three patterns analytically. However, by changing the sign, another input symmetric chirp acts to strengthen or weaken the autofocusing intensity but does not affect the focal distance. Our findings suggest that two-dimensional chirped FEPBs have more potential in controlling linear self-focusing and optical particle manipulation, when compared with the corresponding Airy field or conventional Gaussian field.