bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON THE ASSESSMENT OF HUMAN BODY ORTHOSTATIC TOLERANCE
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kotov A.N. , Katuntsev V.P. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Sukhostavtseva T.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Baranov V.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: March 2024

Ratio of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) has been used as a quantitative indicator of the human orthostatic tolerance. The indicator was conventionally designated as an efficiency coefficient (EC) of the mechanisms involved in systemic BP control during the passive orthostatic test (POT). The coefficient is measured in conventional units and calculated by formula EC (conv.unit) = BP (mm Hg) / HR (beats/min). Informativity of this indicator was verified by means of a retrospective analysis of 118 POTs performed by 30 essentially healthy male subjects (aged 19 to 40 yrs) before and after bed rest of varying duration. Prior to POT, EC in supine position made up 1.88 ± 0.04 conv. units. The EC decrease to 1.3 – 0.95 conv. units during POT evidenced clearly the extent of changes in the cardiovascular functioning and POT endurance. After bed rest, all subjects demonstrated an increased cardiovascular strain and reduced POT endurance; however, EC values were reliably higher for the subjects who had shown a higher POT endurance before bed rest. Based on analysis of individual reactions, the EC reduction to 1 conv.unit corresponded to the first pre-collapse signs and called for immediate POT termination. These results of the investigation make us believe that EC is an informative objective criterion for orthostatic tolerance evaluation that can be proposed for aerospace medicine applications.
PRACTICE OF TELECONSULTATION FOR EVALUATION OF PERSONAL ADAPTATION POTENTIAL AND DETECTION OF INDICATIONS FOR PROVIDING QUALIFIED PSYCHOLOGICAL SERVICES TO EMPLOYEES IN REMOTE REGIONS OF RUSSIA
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Bubeev Yu.A. , Syrkin L.D. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Polyakov A.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Usov V.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Karpov A.A. ,   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ivanov A.V. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: March 2024

Psychological teleconsultations (PTCs) to people in remote regions of Russian are discussed in terms of current views, methods and procedures applied to evaluate the adaptation potential of patients with mental health disorders. Early detection of the risks to mental health of employees is based on awareness of criticality of the adaptation potential and mental adaptability for successful overcoming the hardships of psychosocial adaptation. High-quality PTCs enable recognition of emotional reactions and feedback about patient's mental condition. Analysis of the PTCs services provided during action of the COVID-19 restrictions demonstrated PTCs usability for personified diagnostics in remote regions. Besides the interactive objective data acquisition, PTCs can advice a person-centered program of risks prevention, health improvement or treatment in a local medical care organization. Moreover, personal adaptation potential evaluation in local medical care organizations will help in detecting a deteriorated psychic adaptation potential. Artificial neural networks trained using data corpora (Data sets) are likely to recognize emotions automatically and thus to perfect the PTCs quality.
INVESTIGATION OF PSYCHIC PERFORMANCE AND GROUP DYNAMICS IN THE AUTNOMOUS CONDITIONS OF WINTERING ON STATION «VOSTOK»
Authors:   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Kuznetsova P.G. , Korotaev K.S. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Lebedeva S.A. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Shved D.M. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Savinkina А.О. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Gushchin V.I. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Ilyin Е.А. ,   Institute of Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow
Published: March 2024

The paper deals with the investigation of psychic performance and group dynamics during Russian Antarctic expedition RAE66. Eight winterers were tested 7 times with the use of the cognitive Master-Test. Group dynamics was assessed by sociometry and cohesion diagnostics on the basis of common goals and values. Psychophysiological status was assessed weekly using the actigraphy and HR data, and questionnaires. At the end of the polar day and in early autumn, it was the mood that went down first (autumn and winter), then accuracy of sensorimotor reactions degraded (winter) and mistakes in a simple math test became more frequent (winter and spring). On the contrary, performance of short-term memory tests improved in winter and spring. Motor activity reduced during the first half of the expedition and started increasing gradually at the beginning of the polar night. Though the sleeping time was normally from 7 to 8.5 hours, sleep quality subjectively changed during the wintering it correlated with physical activity and consequent changes of heart rate variability (stress) and blood oxygen saturation. The latter remained low throughout the period of life on station Vostok in comparison to measurements made on the ship. Cohesion was high but for some slackening by the third quarter of wintering; at the end of wintering cohesion grew strong again. The sociometric status of winterers varied with intensity of negative emotions.
Responsabilidade social e pós-graduação no Brasil: idéias para (avali)ação
Authors: Dantas Flávio
Published: March 2024

O Brasil precisa formar competentes professores e excelentes pesquisadores, críticos e criativos em suas ações, compromissados com o desenvolvimento social do País. A crescente integração entre as principais agências de fomento à pesquisa e pós-graduação no Brasil, associada à definição de uma política nacional de ciência e tecnologia nas várias áreas do conhecimento, impõe a necessidade de reavaliar os critérios de acompanhamento e avaliação na pós-graduação (PG). Além da produção intelectual, devem ser valorizados indicadores de medida do impacto social do conhecimento produzido nos cursos de pós-graduação. O envolvimento ativo de usuários com produtores do conhecimento, na elaboração integrada de planos nacionais de pós-graduação e conferências nacionais de ciência, tecnologia e inovação, pode contribuir para um melhor direcionamento social das ações científicas adequadas à realidade brasileira.
A Focussed Analysis of β-cyclodextrins for Quinoxaline Derivatives Synthesis
Authors: Khatoon Hena , Malek Emilia Abdul
Published: March 2024

Cyclodextrins (CDs), which are a type of cyclic oligosaccharides, are widely used
in supramolecular chemistry. For example, they can be used to encapsulate volatile compounds,
such as drugs, within their hydrophobic cavity. This encapsulation reduces the volatility
of the compounds and helps to retain their desired properties. Due to its extraordinary
properties, cyclodextrins have been utilized as catalysts in numerous organic synthesis processes.
An intrinsic objective of organic chemists is to optimize the efficacy of organic synthesis
through the mitigation of chemical waste and energy expenditure. Utilizing water as a
green solvent is, therefore, economical, environmentally sustainable, and secure. It appears
that employing water in conjunction with a recyclable catalyst is the most effective method
for supramolecular catalysis. As a consequence, we focused this review on the use of water
as a solvent and cyclodextrin as a polymer catalyst to produce quinoxaline derivatives in an environmentally
friendly and sustainable manner.
Advancing Diagnostics: Evaluating the Potential of Nanoparticle-Based
Immunoassays as PCR Alternatives for Disease Confirmation
Authors: Kurdekar Aditya , Kamisetti Venkataramaniah
Published: March 2024

In diagnostic technologies, search for quick, accurate, and cost-efficient ways to confirm
diseases has prompted the investigation of alternative methodologies to classic PCR-based tests. This
article delves into the growing field of nanoparticle-based immunoassays, offering a comprehensive
evaluation of their potential as viable alternatives to PCR for disease diagnostics. We discuss the
basic principles of nanoparticle-based immunoassays, highlighting their distinctive ability to combine
the specialized binding characteristics of antibodies with the improved detection capacities of
nanoparticles. The article compares the performance attributes of nanoparticle-based immunoassays
with PCR, focusing on sensitivity, specificity, and detection speed. We further delve into a novel
diagnostic technology, immuno-PCR, which integrates the strengths of immunoassays and PCR
techniques. Healthcare systems and stakeholders must comprehend and implement novel diagnostic
procedures emphasizing accuracy and sensitivity as the diagnostic landscape advances globally. This
review contributes to the advancement of diagnostics by synthesizing current research and suggesting
future directions for development. It highlights the transformative potential of current and emerging
methods in shaping the future of disease diagnostics.
Enantioselective Recognition of Chiral Α-Phenylethanol by
Β-Cyclodextrin and Characterization of its Inclusion Behaviour based on
2D ROESY
Authors: Chen Jian , Li Qiulin , Yang Yawen , Qi Liang , Han Xiang , Zhang Nan , Zheng Bin , Chen Fuxin
Published: March 2024

Background:

α-phenylethanol and its derivatives are important intermediates for the
synthesis of a variety of chiral drugs.

Methods:

The interaction mechanism of the two enantiomers of α-phenylethanol with β-cyclodextrin
(β-CD) was investigated using 1H-NMR and ROESY. The loading of β-CD as the host with
the chiral drug intermediate α-phenylethanol as the guest was investigated using high-resolution
NMR in D2O and quantum chemical calculations.

Results:

The results showed that both α-phenylethanol enantiomers were able to enter into the hydrophobic
cavity of β-CD and undergo enantiospecific interactions, while the combination of 2D
ROESY and quantum chemical calculations showed that the benzene ring of both R and S α-
phenylethanol were inserted into the β-CD cavity toward the small-port end. However, the most
stable poses of the two enantiomers were different, so the benzene ring of the S-enantiomer was
more inclined to position the small-port end of β-CD than that of the R-enantiomer, which was reflected
differently in the signals of 2D ROESY.

Conclusion:

β-CD can enantioselectively recognize the α-phenylethanol enantiomers, and the 2D
ROESY method is a direct and powerful tool in the recognition process of chiral host and guest research.
Antimalarial Effects of Nano Chloroquine Loaded Curcumin In vivo
Authors: Elmi Taher , Tabatabaie Fatemeh , Ardestani Mehdi Shafiee , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Ghaffarifar Fatemeh , Zamani Zahra , Maleki Fatemeh
Published: March 2024

Background:

Malaria is still the deadliest parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium
spp. Due to drug resistance and their unpleasant side effects, of conventional researchers are
enormously seeking to achieve antimalarial drugs with more curative effective, less toxic and
cost-affordable drugs using more advanced technology such as nanodrugs

Purpose:

The present study aimed to examine the antimalarial effects of a novel synthesized
nonochloroquine-loaded curcumin relying on dendrimer G2 in susceptible mice.

Methods:

Antimalarial activity and toxicity of the nanocomposite were examined on BALB/C
mice with microscopy, checking RBCs morphology and related enzymatic activity rate.

Results:

The maximum inhibitory effect of the nanocomposite was seen at 10 mg/kg, killing 98%
of P. berghei compared to sole chloroquine, whereas ED50 was reported at 5.5 mg/kg. The safety
of the synthesized nanocomposite was confirmed with biochemical tests with no detrimental effects on mice. The sustainability and longevity of the nanodrug increased significantly with the
NDC-CQ assay compared to the control groups

Conclusion:

The study showed that nonochloroquine-loaded curcumin had a promising inhibitory effect on P. berghei growth in infected mice compared to standard drugs. However, further
studies and clinical trials with large samples are recommended to study different aspects of using
nanodrug.
Efficacy of Nano-curcumin Supplementation on Depression,
Anxiety, Stress and Clinical Symptoms in Migraine Patients: A
Randomized Double-blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Mojtahedi Sayed Yousef , Abdolahi Mina , Rahimi Azghadi Malihe Sadat , Sedighiyan Mohsen
Published: March 2024

Background::

Migraine is a debilitating neuroinflammatory disorder. Patients
with migraine often experience elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress, which are
associated with the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. Curcumin has been shown
to have regulatory effects on depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as analgesic properties
through various mechanisms. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of nanocurcumin
supplementation on depression, anxiety, stress, and clinical manifestations in
patients with migraine.

Methodology::

This study was conducted as a randomized, double-blind clinical trial. A
total of forty-four patients with episodic migraines were recruited for the trial. Stratified
randomization was employed to ensure a balanced distribution of participants based on
BMI and sex. The patients were equally assigned to two groups using permuted block randomization:
1) the intervention group, which received 80 mg of nano-curcumin, and 2) the
placebo (control) group, which received a paraffin-based placebo. The intervention and
control periods lasted for 2 months. Anthropometric and demographic data, clinical signs
and symptoms (including headache frequency, duration, and severity as reported by the
patients), as well as stress, anxiety, and depression scores (using the Dass-21 questionnaire),
were recorded before and after the study. The collected data were analyzed using
SPSS 22. For normally distributed data, paired t-tests and independent t-tests were utilized.
Non-normal data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and Mann-Whitney U test. The
chi-squared test was employed for categorical variables. To account for confounding factors,
the ANCOVA test was conducted. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically
significant. The intention-to-treat method was applied to address outliers and missing data.

Results::

Based on the findings, the current study demonstrates that supplementation with
nano-curcumin can effectively mitigate symptoms of depression and anxiety (p < 0.05).
Regarding stress, a noticeable reduction within the nano-curcumin group was observed,
although it did not reach statistical significance when compared between groups (p > 0.05).
Moreover, nano-curcumin exhibited a significant decrease in the frequency, duration, and
severity of headaches (p < 0.05).

Conclusion::

Our research findings have shown that supplementation with nano-curcumin can
effectively decrease the frequency, severity, and duration of headaches while also alleviating
symptoms of depression and anxiety in comparison to the placebo group. Hence, curcumin exhibits
significant potential as an adjuvant therapy to enhance the treatment of migraines.
Detrás del papel. Impresos de Colombia y Chile en el siglo XX
Authors:   Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Darrigrandi Claudia , Guzmán Méndez Diana Paola ,   Universidad de Bogotá Jorge Tadeo Lozano
Published: March 2024

Detrás del papel revela las maneras en que los medios impresos dieron forma a las transformaciones culturales y sociales que acompañaron la emergencia de una sociedad de masas, de manera paralela en Colombia y en Chile. El texto reúne investigaciones que ponen en diálogo la prensa colombiana y chilena de la primera mitad del siglo XX a través de un trabajo colaborativo que reúne a investigadores provenientes de áreas disciplinares como la historia, la literatura, el diseño y los estudios culturales.
Ciencia, tecnología e innovación en el sector agropecuario :Propuesta de una estrategia nacional de innovación agropecuaria que promueva la mejora en la productividad y competitividad del sector
Authors: Henao Velasco Fernando , Espinal Carlos Federico , Gallego Juan Carlos , Uribe Claudia Patricia , Tami Lina Marcela , Restrepo Ibiza Juan Lucas
Published: March 2024

La búsqueda de mejoras en la productividad, competitividad y de mayor bienestar y prosperidad en el sector agropecuario y rural no depende exclusivamente del cambio tecnológico en la agricultura y de la perspectiva de mejores ingresos a la cual habitualmente se le vincula. Estas nuevas o mejores oportunidades de ingresos y una mayor eficiencia en el uso de los recursos productivos pueden ser derivados de cambios -“innovaciones” en técnicas, procesos, productos, mercados, servicios, formas de organización, etc. no solo en la producción primaria sino en cualquiera de los eslabones de la cadena de valor. La innovación como la define el Manual de Oslo es un concepto amplio que va más allá de la investigación y el desarrollo tecnológico e incluye tanto la creación o generación de la innovación como su adopción. La tercera y última edición del Manual de Oslo define innovación como la implementación de un nuevo o significativamente mejorado producto (bien o servicio) o proceso, un nuevo método de mercadeo, un nuevo método organizacional en prácticas de negocios o un nuevo método en la organización de los lugares de trabajo o en las relaciones externas (OECD, 2005).
Capability of GPT-4V(ision) in the Japanese National Medical Licensing Examination: Evaluation Study
Authors: Nakao Takahiro , Miki Soichiro , Nakamura Yuta , Kikuchi Tomohiro , Nomura Yukihiro , Hanaoka Shouhei , Yoshikawa Takeharu , Abe Osamu
Published: March 2024

Background

Previous research applying large language models (LLMs) to medicine was focused on text-based information. Recently, multimodal variants of LLMs acquired the capability of recognizing images.

Objective

We aim to evaluate the image recognition capability of generative pretrained transformer (GPT)-4V, a recent multimodal LLM developed by OpenAI, in the medical field by testing how visual information affects its performance to answer questions in the 117th Japanese National Medical Licensing Examination.

Methods

We focused on 108 questions that had 1 or more images as part of a question and presented GPT-4V with the same questions under two conditions: (1) with both the question text and associated images and (2) with the question text only. We then compared the difference in accuracy between the 2 conditions using the exact McNemar test.

Results

Among the 108 questions with images, GPT-4V’s accuracy was 68% (73/108) when presented with images and 72% (78/108) when presented without images (P=.36). For the 2 question categories, clinical and general, the accuracies with and those without images were 71% (70/98) versus 78% (76/98; P=.21) and 30% (3/10) versus 20% (2/10; P≥.99), respectively.

Conclusions

The additional information from the images did not significantly improve the performance of GPT-4V in the Japanese National Medical Licensing Examination.
THE MORBIDITY PATTERN OF GERIATRIC AGE GROUP PATIENTS ADMITTED IN MEDICINE WARD THROUGH EMERGENCY
Authors: SAMANTA TIASH , SAHA SATYENTRA NATH , SAHU BADAL KUMAR , BISWAS UTTAM , SARKAR NABAKISHOR , SETH SATYAPRIYA
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Geriatric patients have higher admission rates, readmission rates, mortality rates, and emergency department attendance rates as compared to younger patients. They suffer from multiple comorbidities. Hence, the current study aims to find out the common causes of emergency hospital admission of geriatric populations and to describe their morbidity pattern.
Methods: A total of 208 geriatric patients were included in the study. After taking proper consent from the caregiver/relative; the detailed history of the patient had been taken, along with clinical examination had been done at bedside. Then relevant laboratory investigation (Biochemical, Pathological and Radiological) had performed. Statistical analysis was done according to the study parameter.
Results: System-wise morbidities did not vary statistically among the participants of different age groups. Among the elderly population (>80 years) endocrinal morbidities (93.9%) followed by gastrointestinal morbidities were the most common (91.8%). On the other hand, among the relatively younger age group, that is, 60–70 years psychiatric morbidities were least common (18.3%). Among the morbidities noted, central nervous system (CNS) morbidities had a female preponderance, which was statistically significant. All the participants who were smokers were diagnosed with endocrinal morbidities. While among non-smokers 83.7% had endocrinal morbidities. The difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). All the participants who were chronic alcoholics were diagnosed with GI morbidities. While among non-alcoholics 81.9% had Endocrinal morbidities. The difference was statistically significant.
Conclusion: The elderly persons have significantly higher admission rates, mortality rates, and ICU admission rates. Social, economic, and healthcare support for the elderly people can be effective in reducing morbidities and unwanted clinical outcomes.
STUDY OF CHEMOPREVENTIVE ROLE OF PADDY HUSK ON CERVICAL ADENOCARCINOMA HUMAN CELL LINE (HELA CELLS)
Authors: Shayla Kabir  , Jahan Sarder Mohammad Shahriar , Nowshin Sazia , Haque Mohammad Mominul , Islam Jahidul
Published: March 2024

Objective: Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer type and the fourth primary cause of cancer-related death among women worldwide. The deficiencies of current treatments, including severe side effects and the inability to prevent progression to the metastatic stage, necessitate the investigation of alternative agents.
Methods: The chemopreventive approach employing natural products such as Paddy Husk is acquiring considerable traction in the scientific community. This study examined the chemopreventive effects of Paddy Husk on HeLa cervical cancer cells. Using the TBEA method, the IC50 of the husk was determined. To evaluate the antiproliferative activity with prolonged treatment exposure, HeLa cells treated with the IC50 value were incubated for 8 days.
Results: The results demonstrated that Paddy Husk extract effectively inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells throughout the duration of the treatment. Examination under the microscope revealed that Paddy Husk extract induces apoptotic characteristics, including cell contraction, membrane rounding, membrane blebbing, the formation of apoptotic bodies, and vacuolation. A mouse skin fibroblast cell line (L929) was used to assess the in vitro safety of paddy refuse extracts at various concentrations, revealing no toxic effects on normal L929 cells.
Conclusion: These findings are essential for advancing our knowledge and recognizing the potential function of Paddy Husk compounds in cervical cancer chemoprevention.
EVALUATION OF KNOWLEDGE AND AWARENESS ON AUTOIMMUNE MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AMONG PHARMACY AND NURSING STUDENTS OF CHITRADURGA – A DESCRIPTIVE CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: Zakir A Mohammed , LALREMSANGI  , Siddiq Abubaker
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The study’s goals were to evaluate knowledge and awareness among the students regarding multiple sclerosis (MS) and to compare the knowledge of the same among pharmacy and nursing students.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among the pharmacy and nursing students of Chitradurga, carried out for 6 months. The questionnaire was distributed among students containing 15 questions regarding MS. Each accurate response received a score of “1,” while every incorrect response received “0.” The frequency and percentage were obtained using descriptive approaches. The data are presented as a frequency distribution of mean and standard deviation (SD).
Results: A total of 500 participants were enrolled in the study, among which 319 were pharmacy students and 181 were nursing students. The results analyzed that the knowledge assessment mean scores of pharmacy students were higher than those of nursing students. It also showed that students who come under the age group of 23–27 years have higher knowledge compared to the 18–22-year age group.
Conclusion: This study concluded that pharmacy students had a piece of better knowledge than nursing students since these occupations play such a significant part in providing health care, knowledge, and understanding need to be raised. Hence, awareness and education about MS should be conducted to enhance students’ knowledge.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTIVENESS AND SAFETY BETWEEN INTRAVENOUS DEXMEDETOMIDINE WITH FENTANYL VERSUS INTRAVENOUS PROPOFOL WITH FENTANYL FOR SEDATION IN DIAGNOSTIC UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL ENDOSCOPY
Authors: RAJESH NAKUM  , SUNAINA PATEL  , SHWETA A PATEL  , KRISHNA PADSALA
Published: March 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of intravenous dexmedetomidine with fentanyl versus intravenous propofol with fentanyl for sedation in diagnostic upper gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy.
Methods: 50 patients of ASA grade I, II, or III scheduled for GI endoscopy were randomly divided into two groups of 25 patients each. Group D received intravenous fentanyl and intravenous dexmedetomidine, and Group P received intravenous fentanyl and intravenous propofol. Hemodynamic variables, level of sedation using the Ramsay sedation score (RSS), patient satisfaction, and surgeon satisfaction using the visual analog scale (VAS) were recorded.
Results: There was no significant difference in the demographic parameters (age, gender, weight, ASA class) between the two groups. The mean time to reach RSS 4–5 was less in group P (27.60±6.44 s) when compared to group D (521.56±39.13 sec; p=0.0004). Patient satisfaction was higher in group D (7.9±0.7) as compared to group P (7.3±0.8; p=0.0069). While there was no significant difference in the surgeon’s satisfaction regarding difficulty during the procedure (8.3±0.9 and 7.9±1.3 in group D and group P, respectively; p=0.2120).
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine with fentanyl resulted in a better hemodynamic profile, respiratory profile, patient satisfaction, and quicker recovery than propofol with fentanyl. Whereas propofol with fentanyl provided quicker onset and more efficient sedation compared to dexmedetomidine with fentanyl.
Promoting literary language on national television in the Republic of Slovenia – an exemplary model for all language users
Authors:   Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, Petek Tomaž
Published: March 2024

Radio Television Slovenia is a publicly funded institution of great cultural and national significance which, among its various responsibilities, places a particular emphasis on fostering language culture. In this paper, we start with the premise that the mass media exerts a significant (linguistic) influence on the general population, underscoring the importance of presenters’ adept usage of literary language. The findings from the qualitative research revealed that, at TV Slovenia, the usage of literary language by presenters in its news, entertainment, sports, and cultural programmes holds paramount significance in their public presentations. Furthermore, promoting language culture emerged as one of the central guiding principles in television work and lies at the core of the public service broadcasting mission. There are also well-defined language prerequisites for presenters appearing on camera, along with an evaluation system assessing their linguistic proficiency. The results from the quantitative research revealed that public speaking on TV Slovenia encompasses various types of mistakes, those of a stylistic nature having the highest occurrence and the mistakes in terminology the lowest. The news programme, which boasts the highest ratings among all programme types, exhibited the most favourable overall linguistic presentation. Based on the findings, it can be argued that national television is indeed a linguistic exemplary model for all language users.
NORMATIVE LEGAL REGULATION OF SOCIAL RELATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION LIGHT INDUSTRY SPHERE
Authors:   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Stikina L.I.
Published: March 2024

Issues of systematizing sources of law affecting peculiarities of legal regulation of light industry are considered. Special attention is paid to the aspects of ensuring the relationship between the state and business in the context of developing this manufacturing industry as a whole. The authorial assessment of efficiency of the existing legal institutions and agencies use in matters of the light industry development social regulation is given.
Editorial: Performance, resilience, and sustainability at the individual, firm, and country-level business contexts
Authors: Thomason Stephanie J.
Published: March 2024

The articles in this issue have examined factors such as performance, resilience, and sustainability through the lenses of individual, firm-level, and country-level business contexts using a variety of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Scholars have further focused on development, investment decisions, risk levels, and behavioral intentions in emerging economies in Africa and Asia, such as Jordan, Ghana, Morocco, Papua, Nepal, China, Vietnam, Thailand, Indonesia, South Africa, and others.
Environmental responsibility and corporate governance: Assessing the impact of gender diversity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in German listed companies
Authors: Yadav Rakesh , Sharma Pankaj , Hiremath Rahul B. , Patil Ameya Anil
Published: March 2024

This empirical research study delves into the correlation between the ‍emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) and the diversity of board members in German-listed companies. The investigation aims to determine whether board gender diversity impacts a company’s commitment to reducing GHG emissions. To explore this relationship, panel data analysis uses a sample of German publicly traded companies. These firms are known for their solid environmental governance and are subject to women board directors’ quota requirements over a specific period. Our study employs multiple identification techniques to examine the impact of women’s board diversity (WBD) on GHG emissions. The results reveal that WBD does not significantly influence GHG emissions. This outcome remains consistent using robust two-stage least squares (2SLS) regression analysis. However, when we introduce a dummy variable for WBD at ‍the 1–25% level, we observe a positive impact of WBD on GHG ‍emissions. This finding supports the critical mass theory, which suggests that the presence of at least 25% of women on board favours a reduction in GHG emissions. The insights from this research hold significance for policymakers, investors, and corporate leaders seeking to understand the potential advantages of gender diversity in mitigating environmental impacts. Our study supports the concept of social loafing (Williams & Karau, 1991) and the critical mass theory (Torchia et al., 2010) in explaining a ‍relationship between WBD and GHG emissions in German publicly traded companies in the S&P Global 1200 Index.
The impact of IFRS 9, liquidity risk, credit risk, and capital on banks’ performance
Authors: Eyalsalman Sajedah , Alzubi Khaled , Marashdeh Zyad
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the impact of International Financial Reporting Standard (IFRS) 9, liquidity risk, credit risk, and capital on Jordanian banks’ performance. Aiming to mitigate liquidity and credit risks while ensuring adequate capital ratios to prevent bankruptcy. The study aligns with the findings of Abbas et al. (2019) and Abdelaziz et al. (2022), highlighting the influence of these factors on profitability in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Data from annual reports of 13 banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange from 2012 to 2021 was analysed quantitatively, focusing on profitability metrics like return on assets (ROA) and equity (ROE). The results indicate a significant impact of IFRS 9 implementation and a negligible effect of liquidity risk. Notably, an increase in credit risk detrimentally impacts both ROA and ROE. The study also discovers a positive link between bank capital and ROA but a negative association with ROE, underscoring the nuanced interplay between risk management and financial performance in banking.
Gut microbiota-tryptophan metabolism-GLP-1 axis participates in β-cell regeneration induced by dapagliflozin
Authors: Jiang Yafei , Yang Jin , Xia Li , Wei Tianjiao , Cui Xiaona , Wang Dandan , Jin Zirun , Lin Xiafang , Li Fei , Yang Kun , Lang Shan , Liu Ye , Hang Jing , Zhang Zhe , Hong Tianpei , Wei Rui
Published: March 2024

Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, an efficacious anti-diabetic agent, which has cardiovascular and renal benefits, can promote pancreatic β-cell regeneration in type 2 diabetic mice. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to use multi-omics to identify the mediators involved in β-cell regeneration induced by dapagliflozin. We showed that dapagliflozin lowered blood glucose level, upregulated plasma insulin level, and increased islet area in db/db mice. Dapagliflozin reshaped gut microbiota, and modulated microbiotic and plasmatic metabolites related to tryptophan metabolism, especially L-tryptophan, in the diabetic mice. Notably, L-tryptophan upregulated the mRNA level of GLP-1 production-related genes (Gcg and Pcsk1) expression and promoted GLP-1 secretion in cultured mouse intestinal L-cells, and it increased supernatant insulin level in primary human islets, which was eliminated by GPR142 antagonist. Transplantation of fecal microbiota from dapagliflozin-treated mice, supplementation of L-tryptophan or treatment with dapagliflozin upregulated L-tryptophan, GLP-1, and insulin or C-peptide level, and promoted β-cell regeneration in db/db mice. Addition of exendin 9-39, a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antagonist, or pancreatic Glp1r knockout diminished these beneficial effects. In summary, treatment with dapagliflozin in type 2 diabetic mice promotes β-cell regeneration by upregulating GLP-1 production, which is mediated via gut microbiota and tryptophan metabolism.
Rapid dissolution without elemental fractionation by laser driven hydrothermal processing
Authors: Durrant Chad B. , Brennecka Gregory A. , Wimpenny Josh , Weisz David G. , Mariella Raymond
Published: March 2024

Traditional dissolution of geologic samples often requires a significant time investment. Here, we present an alternative method for the dissolution of geologic materials using laser-driven hydrothermal processing (LDHP). LDHP uses laser energy directed onto a submerged sample, which increases the temperature and pressure at the liquid–sample interface and drives the hydrothermal dissolution coupled with photomechanical spallation, an ablative process. This uses focused 527 nm laser energy at 40 W average power, 1 kHz pulse repetition rate, and 115 ns pulse duration. When LDHP is performed on basalt geostandards (BCR-2 and BHVO-2) using the conditions outlined, we show that LDHP does not produce significant elemental fractionation and, thus, can be considered an alternative processing method to traditional mechanical crushing and acid digestion. Additionally, it is possible using LDHP to utilize the spatially confined beam to target and selectively isolate individual phases in a rock, potentially alleviating the need for mechanical separation of inclusions that are difficult to physically isolate. Furthermore, using this outlined method of LDHP, we demonstrate full dissolution of 120 mg of obsidian in 85 minu, meaning that LDHP is a potentially very useful method when sample processing is time sensitive.
Online Teacher Professional Development (oTPD) for Digital Competencies in Higher Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Godsk Mikkel , Nielsen Birgitte Lund
Published: March 2024

The need for professional development for digital, subject-specific competencies is increasing among educators in higher education. With online teacher professional development (oTPD), this demand can be accommodated flexibly. The article presents a systematic review of the literature and evidence on oTPD for digital competencies in higher education. The purpose of the review is to identify factors that influence the effect of an oTPD programme. A total of 661 peer-reviewed articles that included empirical studies and literature reviews related to oTPD from 2010 and onwards were identified using the EBSCO and ERIC databases and screened. 57 of these were coded and included in the analysis, and 604 articles were excluded due to wrong focus, educational level, publication type, or year. The analysis identifies sixteen underlying factors that influence the effect of oTPD related to either the institutional aspect, the design of the programme, and/or the delivery of the programme. Furthermore, the review identifies political implications for research on oTPD—the institutional context including technical solutions, the general pedagogical approach, and educator support—and methodological limitations related to the ambiguity of the oTPD concepts and the transferability of case studies, which call for more research.
Trust in Schoolteachers: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Conradsen Stein , Osnes Ester Alnes , Skirbekk Helge
Published: March 2024

Student–teacher relationships are highly important issues in education. Trust between these actors seems crucial in terms of forming a pedagogical alliance. Studies also suggest that educational systems dominated by test regimes may reduce trust in teachers. In this protocol, we describe a scoping review that will map research on students’ trust in schoolteachers. Specifically, we will examine what research designs have been applied, whether trust is studied as a result of a process or as a cause that affects other factors, and finally, whether student–teacher trust is studied in a micro perspective, organizational perspective, or a societal perspective. Ten databases will be searched, including ERIC, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scandinavian scientific databases.
The tax gap in Morocco: an econometric analysis of sociodemographic and fiscal factors’ impact
Authors:   Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc, Kawtar El Aida , Ithri Fettahi ,   Université Hassan II de Casablanca, Maroc
Published: March 2024

This study aims to apprehend the impact of non-economic variables on the fiscal gap in Morocco, namely the sociodemographic and the fiscal factors (regulatory changes). The analysis is carried over the period 1980-2018 and includes economic control variables. To do so, we estimate a log-linear model using the modified least squares method. The results shed light on the effect of socio-demographic variables on the evolution of the tax gap in Morocco: age seems to reflect the effect of experience in circumventing taxation. Gender and education do not seem to have any effect on the tax gap in Morocco. The impact of economic control variables seems clear: incomes/profits generated in the trade sector seem to be subject to tax evasion/avoidance and consequently increase the tax gap in Morocco, compared to incomes that are generated by other sectors. Fiscal factors have been introduced in our estimations via dummy variables. They allowed us to conclude that economic agents are more sensitive to indirect fiscal measures and regulations, rather than to direct measures aiming at reducing the tax gap.
Education Program for Strengthening Literacy-Numeracy through 10 in 1 Box Media in Elementary School
Authors: Nadiah Putri Anggraeni  , Nidya Nur Mashitoh  , Tika Widiya Ningrum  , Kevin Cahya Andilla Unwaru  , Naili Afkarina  , Lailatul Nuraini
Published: March 2024

Education is the provision of knowledge of a particular subject to increase understanding. Numeracy literacy consists of three aspects, namely, counting, numeracy relations, and arithmetic operations. Indonesian students have a low sbility in numeracy literacy. The aim of this community service activity is to analyze the effectiveness of the results of an educational program using 10 in 1 box media with local content to strengthen literacy and numeracy in elementary school students. The service method used is the service learning (SL) approach. The results of the service activities stated that there were differences in literacy learning outcomes before and after the treatment, the average literacy results after the treatment were higher than before the treatment. Sig value. (2-tailed) 0.000 < 0.05, so it can be said that there is a significant difference between before being treated (pretest) and after being treated (posttest). The average n-gain score is 0.7818 > 0.7, meaning the category obtained is a high level of effectiveness. Meanwhile, for the n-gain percentage, the value obtained was 78.18%, so it can be interpreted that the 10 in 1 box educational media for protection culture is effective for enforcement numeracy literacy skills of elementary school student.
The impact of rumors on the success of Covid-19 vaccination programs in a Coronavirus-infected environment: optimal control approach
Authors:   LMFA Laboratory, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences El Jadida, Chouaib Doukkali University, Balatif O. , Kouidere A. ,   LAMS Laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Kada D. ,   LAMS Laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Rachik M. ,   LAMS Laboratory, Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, Hassan II University of Casablanca
Published: March 2024

In this paper, we propose a mathematical model that describes the effect of rumors on the success of vaccination programs against Covid-19 in an environment infected by the coronavirus. The aim of this study is to highlight the role of addressing the spread of rumors regarding vaccination risks and booster doses in the success of vaccination programs and in achieving herd immunity. Additionally, we formulate an optimal control problem by proposing several strategies, including awareness and anti-rumor programs, to assist country officials in achieving successful vaccination programs with optimal effort. The existence of optimal controls is investigated, and Pontryagin's maximum principle is used to characterize them. The optimality system is solved using an iterative method. Finally, we conduct numerical simulations to verify the theoretical analysis using Matlab.
PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL PADA ANAK BILINGUAL
Authors: Adniy Syeira Rifdah , Nugroho Diaz Aristawidya , Apsari Nurliana Cipta
Published: March 2024

Abstrak Sehubungan dengan terjadinya globalisasi, kemampuan dwibahasa atau bilingual menjadi sesuatu yang umum terjadi. Masa anak-anak merupakan masa di mana dapat terjadi perkembangan secara pesat, yang berkaitan juga dengan perkembangan kemampuan sosial dan kemampuan dwibahasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bagaimana perkembangan sosial yang terjadi pada anak bilingual serta bagaimana faktor yang mempengaruhi dan bagaimana pemaksimalan potensi bilingual dapat dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur atau studi pustaka dari berbagai sumber dan temuan di internet. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usia dini merupakan masa emas bagi perkembangan bilingual bagi anak dan terdapat berbagai metode yang dapat dilakukan untuk memaksimalkan potensi tersebut.   AbstractDue to globalization, bilingual skills are common. Childhood is a period when rapid development can occur, which is also related to the development of social skills and bilingual abilities. This study aims to see how social development occurs in bilingual children and how the factors influence it and how bilingual potential can be maximized. The research was conducted using the method of literature study or literature study from various sources and findings on the internet. The results of this study indicate that early childhood is a golden period for bilingual development for children and there are various methods that can be used to maximize this potential.
TikTok talks teeth: a quantitative and qualitative analysis of fixed appliance related TikTok videos
Authors: Mei Li , Wang Zhixin , Guo Olivia , Zhang Lucy , Guan Guangzhao
Published: March 2024

Aim

To quantitatively and qualitatively analyse the content, reliability and quality of TikTok videos related to orthodontic fixed appliances.

Methods

A new TikTok account was created, and three searches were conducted (#braces, #braceface and #bracetips). A total of 150 videos (n = 50 featured in the ‘Top’ tab were extracted for each of the three searches) were assessed for the analyses of quality, content and reliability using the modified DISCERN tool, a content score, and the Global Quality Scale (GQS).

Results

A total of 136 videos satisfied the inclusion criteria, involving 46.3% identified by dental professionals and 53.7% identified by laypersons. Of these, the videos uploaded by dental professionals rated higher in the three scoring tools compared to laypersons. The GQS score of videos was 2.36/5 and the content score was 1.31/5. Over 60% of the videos were of poor quality according to the GQS scale. A strong correlation between GQS and DISCERN scores was found.

Conclusion

The overall content, reliability, and quality of TikTok videos regarding orthodontic fixed appliances was poor. The videos allowed patients to supplement their knowledge about fixed appliances and become more involved in their orthodontic care; however, guidelines should be explored to ensure the dissemination of accurate orthodontic information on TikTok.
Evaluation of the prevalence and laboratory test results of overt thyrotoxicosis cases
Authors: Ezber Rabia , Ülgen Ebru Demir , Ateş İhsan , Yilmaz Nisbet
Published: March 2024

Background

The frequency of thyrotoxicosis may vary between countries and some laboratory test results may be used in etiology research. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of thyrotoxicosis diagnoses and laboratory test results.

Methods

3246 patients with overt thyrotoxicosis were included in this study. Laboratory test results, epicrisis, thyroid ultrasonography, thyroid scintigraphy, and radioactive iodine uptake test reports of the patients were examined in the study.

Results

Thyrotoxicosis was found due to levothyroxine overdose in 58.1% of the patients. When this group was excluded, 36.1% of the patients were diagnosed with toxic multinodular goiter most frequently. TRab levels were 8.5 times higher in Graves’ disease than in other diagnostic groups. Anti-TPO levels were found to be the highest in the Graves’ disease and Hashitoxicosis groups compared to other diagnostic groups (p<0.001). Anti-Tg levels were found to be highest in Graves’ disease, Postpartum thyroiditis, and Hashitoxicosis patients (p<0.001). The free triiodothyronine / free thyroxine ratio was significantly higher, a cut-off value of >2.94 provided a sensitivity of 66% and specificity of 64% in diagnosing Graves’ disease.

Conclusion

The causes of thyrotoxicosis show some differences between countries. Patients using levothyroxine should be informed about drug use and dose titration. The free triiodothyronine / free thyroxine ratio can be used in addition to other tests during diagnosis.