bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE PREVENTABLE CAUSES OF DEATH IN RUSSIA AND IN THE EU COUNTRIES
Authors: Sabgayda Tamara P.
Published: September 2019

To analyze functioning of health care systems in the European countries, a new listing of preventable causes of death was developed, ignoring impact of policy of population health protection. The following question is arising: does proximity of rates of more than ten-year decreasing of preventable and non-preventable mortality in Russia is conditioned by occurred necessity of adjustment of listing of preventable causes? The study was carried out to investigate applicability of the new listing of preventable causes for analyzing mortality of population of Russia. The comparative analysis was applied to dynamics of preventable mortality evaluated according two listings for Russia and EU countries up to May 2004 (Holland W., 1997; Nolte E., McKee M., 2004). In both listings the causes were assorted in three levels of mortality prevention. The information of European mortality database WHO/Europe was used. The analysis concerned males and females aged from 25 to 64 years during 1999-2013. The results of analysis of dynamics of preventable mortality in the EU counties substantially depend on listing of preventable causes whereas in Russia this dependency is observed only during analysis of female mortality. For the EU countries it is inexpediently to consider causes depending on primarily prevention of diseases as related to controllable mortality. However, in Russia these causes have a crucial impact on level and dynamics of mortality. So, in Russia the old listing of preventable causes continues to be actual and the new listing can be applied only as additional source of information to results of evaluation of functioning of health care system developed on the basis of the old listing.
THE DYNAMICS OF EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SITUATION ON TUBERCULOSIS IN THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN AND PERSPECTIVES OF ITS FURTHER AMELIORATION
Authors: Gireev Temirlan G. , Guseynov G. K. , Mamaev I. A. , Khanaliev V. Yu. , Adziev A. A. , Mutalimov M. A. , Pakhieva Kh. Yu.
Published: September 2019

During last ten years, in the Republic of Dagestan a steady decreasing of main epidemiological indices of tuberculosis (morbidity, mortality, etc.) is observed. The efficiency of treatment of patients with tuberculosis increased significantly. Besides, the new problems moved to forefront which don't fit with this trend. They are high contamination, presence of significant percentage of secondary forms of tuberculosis among children and adolescents, preservation of high morbidity of tuberculosis among individuals detected from contact with patients with BK+, annual increasing of of number of late recurrence and medication-resistant forms of tuberculosis of lungs, increasing of percentage of patients with detected mycobacterium of tuberculosis of bovine type - M.bovinus. Every one of these problems requires profound investigation for making address organizational decisions in groups of increased risk of development of tuberculosis.
THE DISABILITY OF CITIZEN OF ELDERLY AGE IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Shurgaya Marina A.
Published: September 2019

During the period of health care reforming, study of a true picture of population health and medical social needs in particular age-gender groups, including elderly age, is a necessary condition for planning development of health care, social support and scientific substantiation of prevention programs. The article presents the results of comparative analysis of indices of disability of main age groups of adult population of the Russian Federation during 2005-2016. The methods of study: documentary, data sampling, statistical and graphic techniques. The volume of study made up to 34,840,933 individuals aged from 18 years and older, recognized as disabled, including disabled persons of elderly age - 12,971,062 individuals. The established characteristics of primary and repeated disability of citizen of elderly age in the Russian Federation (gender characteristics, nosological structure, regional differentiation) are covered that reflect demographic tendencies of aging of population. The dynamics of disability of citizen of elderly age during long term period (2005-2016) testifies alteration of ratio between primary and repeated established cases of disability. In 2005 overwhelming exceeding of primary recognized as disabled persons over repeatedly recognized was marked: 81.2% against 18.9%. In 2016 in total contingent of the examined the disabled persons with repeatedly established disability prevailed: 62.7% against 37.3%. During the period of observation, the level of repeatedly established disability among citizen of elderly age increased up to 74,5% (R2 = 0,546), whereas in contingents of young and middle age is marked a stable tendency to decreasing of value of indicator (R2 = 0,934, R2 = 0,5873 correspondingly). The citizen of elderly age prevails in the structure of disability due to malignant neoplasms, diseases of blood circulation system, diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, diseases of eye, ear and mastoid bone, diseases of endocrine, nervous and urogenital system. In connection with high invalidation, the elderly category of population is in need of significant medical social support. The development of activities targeted to medical social rehabilitation of citizen of elderly age it is appropriate considering regional differentiation of the subjects in the Russian Federation related to prevalence of disability and also gender characteristics of disability.
Komunikasi Profetik dalam Mengajak Santri Non Mukim Menghafal al-Qur’an (Studi Kasus di Pondok Pesantren al-Ittifaqiah Indralaya Ogan Ilir Sumatera Selatan)
Authors: Hurin'in Zulva
Published: September 2019

Communication is very important role for human life in socializing even in the teaching and learning process. This study describes prophetic communication in Islamic boarding school which aims to understand the process of prophetic communication in inviting non-resident Islamic Boarding School students to memorize the Qur'an. This study presents two substance problems, namely: 1) How does the implementation of prophetic communication in inviting non-resident students to memorize Al-Qur'an at Al-Ittifaqiah Islamic Boarding School ?. 2) What are the obstacles encountered when inviting non-resident students to memorize the Qur'an? To obtain answers to the problems above, this study uses descriptive qualitative research methods of analysis that is grouping data according to their categories and outlining all concepts related to the research discussion. The data sources of this study are non-resident students and tahfizh teachers of Al-Ittifaqiah Islamic Boarding School. Furthermore, data collection methods used are through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data obtained will be analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This research uses the theory of message reinforcement (reinforcement theory). The results of this study indicate that prophetic communication conducted by Al-Ittifaqiah Islamic Boarding School, namely the teachers communicate well (ma'ruf) to their students, so that it has a good effect on the students. Then provide motivation that can increase the spirit of memorizing the students. Socialization was also held by Islamic boarding schools by giving awards to high-achieving students. While the inhibiting factor in inviting non-resident students to memorize the Qur'an is, it is difficult to communicate directly with students because of the influence of distance. Then the residential environment that does not support where non-resident students do not live in boarding school resulting negligence in memorizing and inhibiting the process of memorizing students.
PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF THE METHOD OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE FOLLICULAR FLUID IN THE WORK OF THE DOCTOR AND FERTILITY SPECIALIST
Authors: Trubnikova L. I , Samoilova A. V , Tagieva V. D , Marinova O. A , Milev S. G , Albutova M. L
Published: September 2019

Clinical cases of treating patients with inflammatory genesis of infertility using assisted reproductive technology (ART) techniques with different outcomes are presented. The follicular fluid (VF) was studied in patients with the method of wedgeshaped and marginal dehydration. The outcome of the use of ART technologies was predicted by the structuring of the VF. The introduction of methods into the practice of a reproductive expert will contribute to the ability to determine the readiness of the ovaries to apply the methods of ART, assess the degree of residual metabolic disorders in follicular structures and the organism as a whole, and predict the effectiveness and outcome of ART.
EXPERIENCE OF THERAPY OF CHRONIC MYELOID LEUKEMIA IN THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION, FOURTEEN YEARS OF OBSERVATIONS: RESULTS AND DIFFICULTIES
Authors: Lyamkina A. S , Pospelova T. I , Maslova L. M , Shpagina L. A , Kurbeteva T. N , Daragan E. V , Naumenko O. V , Yudanov A. V
Published: September 2019

We have analyzed the therapy outcomes of chronic myeloid leukemia of patients, received imatinib treatment for more than 12 month (136 patients). Complete hematologic response (CHR) is attained in 88,2 % cases (120 patients), complete cytogenetic response (CCR) (ph+
Fixed units in Macedonian and Russian languages as a linguistic and cultural representatives
Authors: Panov Zoran
Published: September 2019

We consider fixed units in Russian and Macedonian languages, latter of which is the youngest literary Slavic language with the aim of maximal immersion into the mental atmosphere of two Slavic peoples. We reveal the actual national and international specificity that is involved in the communicative process optimization. We prove that in order to increase the communicative competence of students who study Russian as a foreign language at an advanced stage of education, first of all, students of philological profile, it is necessary to turn to the study of the phraseological units functioning and the paroemic fund. Personal experience of teaching Russian to Macedonian students of philological profile shows that they do not have sufficient knowledge in the wide use of Russian phraseological units in their speech. To meet these needs, the phraseological examples and material of the paroemic fund of languages are very effective, since they present the national specificity of a given people, reflecting different situational variations. We establish that the structure of fixed units contains a reflection of national and international features as a reflection of reality in human consciousness. These features can represent both holistic, covering the entire object of the perceived, and fractional, when separate fragments of the overall picture are highlighted.
Руханияттың мәнін насихаттау
Authors: Tulekova Gulzhan Q.
Published: September 2019

The creative heritage popularization is the basis for the development of the modern information society, the formation of a competitive cultural environment and future journalists. With history modernization consciousness sets the code's brightness to the pragmatic young generation, the revival of its noble qualities. The triumph of the spiritual wealth of the nation will strengthen the profession of a warm heart. We analyze the clarity of data sources with specific facts on historical events occurred in the works of historical heritage and national poets and writers, who are national symbols, great people who struck the world. The facts of language activity are determined by the historical facts. The recognition of a number of cognitive frameworks from national propaganda of the national code through national concepts in cognitive linguistics, ethnolinguistic, and psycholinguistic sophistication opens the way for a new revival of the poets’ and writers’ works. We recognize personality aspects through analysis of various works on history events. The works of Abai Kunanbayev, Shakarim Kudaiberdiev, M. Shakhanov, S. Elubayev, S. Murtaza, B. Bedelkhan, K. Sarsenbai are the national symbol. The essence of the national spirit is that it reflects the character of historical events that are deeply revealed in the Nazir model presented in a new format, and reflects the character of ethnological knowledge not only through the national aspect of word combinations and phraseology, but also by analyzing the sections of national instruments. Supervision of Republic prepared the plan of future popularization of historical and cultural heritage of Kazakhstan as in the country and abroad.
Em diálogo Gilles Deleuze e Platão
Authors: Rezino Larissa Farias , Souza Pedro Fernandez de
Published: September 2019

É mais que conhecida entre os leitores de Deleuze a relação entre o pensamento do filósofo francês e a filosofia de Platão. Trata-se de um diálogo constante, mas com tons de conflito: em momentos distintos, o que Deleuze afirma intentar realizar é justamente o que ele chama de reversão do platonismo. O risco é que, ao lermos a obra do filósofo francês e ingressarmos em seu intricado pensamento, nos esqueçamos da referência ao original grego: se Deleuze critica Platão, ou melhor, um certo platonismo que seria o esqueleto conceitual subjacente a boa parte da produção filosófica do Ocidente, faz-se necessário que se leia o próprio Platão. É o que tentamos fazer neste pequeno texto: uma leitura tanto de Platão quanto da sua crítica deleuziana. Para isso nos focamos com mais minúcia nos conceitos de imagem, cópia e simulacro, tal qual Platão nos apresenta em alguns de seus diálogos (em especial O Sofista) e na retomada destes por Deleuze. Com efeito, pode-se dizer que a crítica de Deleuze a Platão centra-se sobretudo nesses conceitos, e a reversão do platonismo almejada se dá, é possível notar, numa espécie de reversão do estatuto do conceito de simulacro. Se para Platão o simulacro é como que o avesso da filosofia (uma cópia malfeita, mas, mais que isso, uma má cópia cujo escopo é passar-se pelo modelo real e ludibriar seus espectadores) e a filosofia, por sua vez, a busca por cópias cada vez mais fidedignas do seu objeto de estudo, para Deleuze o simulacro ganha um estatuto novo e passa a ser um conceito impulsionador do pensamento filosófico. Nosso objetivo central é apresentar um paralelo dos conceitos supracitados nos autores em questão e, mais precisamente, mostrar o caminho intelectual que levou Deleuze a afirmação da reversão do platonismo.
A “unidade dos contrários” na análise dos fluxos e impactos ambientais das relações Brasil-China
Authors: Souza Luiz Enrique Vieira de , Cavalcante Alina Mikhailovna Gilmanova
Published: September 2019

A partir da análise da balança comercial e dos investimentos chineses no Brasil, este trabalho apresenta uma discussão acerca dos fluxos e impactos ambientais das relações Brasil/China. A originalidade de nossa proposta consistiu em lançar mão da “unidade dos contrários” enquanto categoria analítica que aborda os processos de degradação ambiental e os vetores de modernização ecológica enquanto dimensões de uma mesma totalidade. Os dados que fundamentam o artigo incluem nove entrevistas semi-estruturadas com diferentes atores vinculados à questão ambiental, realizadas em Pequim entre novembro de 2015 e julho de 2018.
Visões de Marx sobre a política
Authors: Bugiato Caio Martins
Published: September 2019

O objetivo desse trabalho é, mediante uma pesquisa teórica na obra de Karl Marx, reunir, apresentar e sistematizar suas ideias sobre política. Assim, elencamos noções de Marx sobre formação de classe, classe social e fração de classe, burguesia e proletariado, forças sociais, luta de classes, Estado, política internacional, reforma e revolução, socialismo e comunismo, para então ao final do texto esboçar uma teoria marxiana da política, pertinente e atual para a análise científica, pelo menos enquanto perdurar o capitalismo.
Ensino, pesquisa e extensão a serviço da geoconservação
Authors: Mansur Katia Leite
Published: September 2019

É apresentada a aplicação de atividades, segundo o novo currículo do Curso de Geologia da UFRJ, para atender ao Plano Nacional de Educação que estabelece ser necessário assegurar, no mínimo, 10% dos créditos curriculares em ações de extensão. Os alunos, durante quatro semestres, foram orientados a realizar pesquisas e atividades que resultaram em: (a) impressão de duas cartilha para Educação Ambiental; (b) execução de quatro painéis interpretativos para projetos de turismo étnico-cultural e ecoturismo; (c) criação de roteiro de Geoturismo Urbano sobre as rochas das fachadas de prédios no Rio de Janeiro; e (d) elaboração de painéis interpretativos para a Trilha da Ciência do NUPEM/UFRJ. Esses são os primeiros resultados de uma proposta em construção. Buscou-se atender aos âmbitos do ensino, pesquisa e extensão, levando em conta os interesses dos grupos da universidade e da sociedade, gerando produtos para promoção do desenvolvimento, da divulgação da Geologia e da Geoconservação.
An Algorithm for Nonparametric Estimation of A Multivariate Mixing Distribution with Applications to Population Pharmacokinetics
Authors: Yamada Walter M. , Neely Michael N. , Bartroff Jay , Bayard David S. , Burke James V. , van Guilder Mike , Jelliffe Roger W. , Kryshchenko Alona , Leary Robert , Tatarinova Tatiana , Schumitzky Alan
Published: September 2019

In this paper we describe a nonparametric maximum likelihood (NPML) method for estimating multivariate mixing distributions. Given $N$ independent observations, convexity theory shows that the NPML estimator is discrete with at most $N$ support points. The original infinite NPML problem then becomes the finite dimensional problem of finding the location and probability of the support points. The probability of the support points is found by a Primal-Dual Interior-Point method; the location of the support points is found by an Adaptive Grid method. Our method is able to handle high-dimensional and complex multivariate mixture models.An important application is discussed for the problem of population pharmacokinetics and a non-trivial example is treated.Our algorithm has been successfully applied in hundreds of published pharmacometric studies. In addition to population pharmacokinetics, this research also applies to empirical Bayes estimation and many other areas of applied mathematics.
Comparison of Payment Margins Between the Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative and the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement Model Shows a Marked Reduction for a Successful Program
Authors: Padilla Jorge A. , Gabor Jonathan A. , Kalkut Gary E. , Pazand Lily , Zuckerman Joseph D. , Macaulay William , Bosco Joseph A. , Slover James D.
Published: September 2019

Background:

The Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model was implemented to address the 2 most commonly billed inpatient surgical procedures, total hip arthroplasty and total knee arthroplasty. The primary purpose of this study was to review the economic implications of 1 institution’s mandatory involvement in the CJR in comparison with prior involvement in the Bundled Payments for Care Improvement (BPCI) initiative.

Methods:

The mean cost per episode of care was calculated using our institution’s historical data. The target prices, projected savings or losses per episode of care, and projected annual savings for both BPCI and CJR were established and were comparatively analyzed.

Results:

The CJR target prices will decrease in comparison with BPCI target prices by 24.0% for Medicare Severity-Diagnosis Related Group (MS-DRG) 469 without fracture, 22.8% for MS-DRG 469 with fracture, 26.1% for MS-DRG 470 without fracture, and 27.7% for MS-DRG 470 with fracture, resulting in a reduction in savings per episode of care by 92.8% for MS-DRG 469 without fracture, 166.0% for MS-DRG 469 with fracture, 94.9% for MS-DRG 470 without fracture, and 61.7% for MS-DRG 470 with fracture. Our institution’s projected annual savings under CJR will decrease by 83.3%.

Conclusions:

These results suggest that the margin for savings in the CJR will be substantially reduced compared with the margin for savings in the BPCI. In hospitals that had previously devoted resources, these will have far less impact in the CJR, and hospitals new to the CJR that have not made these investments previously will require even greater resources for developing cost reduction and quality control strategies to remain financially solvent.

Level of Evidence:

Economic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Accuracy of Reference Axes for Femoral Component Rotation in Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Jang Eugene S. , Connors-Ehlert Ronald , LiArno Sally , Geller Jeffrey A. , Cooper H. John , Shah Roshan P.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Many reference axes are used to evaluate rotation of the femoral component during total knee arthroplasty, including the Whiteside line, surgical transepicondylar axis (sTEA), anatomical transepicondylar axis (aTEA), posterior condylar axis externally rotated 3° (PCA+3°ER), sulcus line, and femoral transverse axis (FTA). There is no consensus about which of these axes is most accurate.

Methods:

The Stryker Orthopaedic Modeling and Analytics (SOMA) database was used to identify 2,128 entire-femur computed tomography (CT) scans. The Whiteside line, aTEA, PCA+3°ER, sulcus line, and FTA were constructed according to published guidelines. Every axis was compared with the sTEA, which is widely regarded as the gold standard reference axis for rotation of the distal part of the femur but has low intraobserver and interobserver reliability intraoperatively.

Results:

The PCA+3°ER differed from the sTEA by a mean (and standard deviation) of 0.60° ± 1.64°; it was the most accurate but also had the highest degree of intersubject variability. The mean PCA-sTEA angle was 2.40°, close to the accepted “rule of thumb” of 3°. This value was significantly higher in women (2.64° ± 1.74°) than in men (2.18° ± 1.52°; p < 0.001). The Whiteside line differed from the sTEA by a mean of 1.90° ± 1.38°, and the sulcus line differed from the sTEA by a mean of 1.94° ± 1.49°; neither of these values varied significantly with sex or ethnicity. The FTA differed from the sTEA by a mean of 2.04° ± 1.50°. Least accurate was the aTEA, which differed from the sTEA by a mean of 2.05° ± 1.33°. The combination of 3 axes that are readily available intraoperatively (the Whiteside line, aTEA, and PCA+3°ER) differed from the sTEA by a mean of 1.80° ± 0.70°.

Conclusions:

In the largest study of its kind, analysis of CT scans of 2,128 femora revealed that no 1 axis could serve as a marker of femoral component rotation with both high accuracy and low variability. Utilizing a combination of 3 methods (PCA+3°ER, the Whiteside or sulcus line, and aTEA) to maximize accuracy and sex and ethnic generalizability when positioning the femoral component is recommended.

Clinical Relevance:

A large-scale study using a CT-based biomorphometric database demonstrated that use of a combination of 3 axes (PCA+3°ER, the Whiteside or sulcus line, and aTEA) was the optimal strategy for judging femoral component rotation.
The safety of restrictive fluid therapy for major abdominal surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Author) Jiaxun Cai(Former Corresponding , Tang Zairong , Hu Fangyong , Fu Wenjie
Published: September 2019

Background: Restrictive fluid therapy is essential to enhanced recovery after surgery. A meta-analysis was conducted to explore the safety of restrictive fluid therapy for major abdominal surgery and compare it with liberal fluid therapy.
Methodology: We searched MEDLINE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, and EMBASE in which restrictive and liberal fluid therapies were compared. Data on complications, anastomotic leaks, and wound infections were extracted.
Results: Among the 472 articles selected from the databases, based on abstract reading, 272 articles were excluded according to the criteria in Figure 1. After reading the complete text, among the 78 remaining articles, excluded were 15 articles with no relevant data about the outcome of restrictive fluid therapy for major abdominal surgery, 54 that were not RCTs, 2 that were meta-analyses, and 7 that were from the same trial. Finally, 11 RCTs published between 2000 and 2018 that compared restrictive fluid therapy with liberal fluid therapy were included. Two studies by the same team were taken as one trial and shared the same study number because some data from the two studies were complementary.. Compared with liberal fluid therapy, restrictive fluid therapy lowered the risk of complications and cardiopulmonary dysfunction and had similar rates of mortality, anastomotic leak, pneumonia and would infection. But increased kidney injury was also observed in restrictive fluid therapy.
Conclusion: the current meta-analysis assessed the effects of restrictive fluid therapy in a meticulous way. Though the large proportional reduction in risk of complications as indicated in the previous literature was not confirmed, moderate but clinically notable reduction in complications is still worth our attention. The application of restrictive fluid therapy requires communication and cooperation between medical workers and patients. RCTs on restrictive fluid therapy with long-term follow-up are needed. Hospital costs and quality of life after surgery should also be taken into account. Furthermore, the benefits of restrictive fluid therapy in elderly patients and patients who have undergone other surgeries might be the focus of future research..
Assessment of homologous recombination deficiency phenotype in breast cancers in adolescents and young adults in the clinical setting
Authors: Watanabe Tomoko , Honda Takayuki , Totsuka Hirohiko , Yoshida Masayuki , Tanioka Maki , Shiraishi Kouya , Shimada Yoko , Arai Eri , Ushiama Mineko , Tamura Kenji , Yoshida Teruhiko , Kanai Yae , Kohno Takashi
Published: September 2019

Background Homologous recombination deficiency (HRD), which may be associated with high efficacy of PARP inhibitor- and platinum agent-based therapies, is a prevalent phenotype of breast cancer diagnosed in adolescents and young adults (AYAs; 15–39 years old). HRD score, indicating HRD status, is not routinely assessed in the oncology clinic due to the need for genome-wide analyses. Methods Subjects were a Japanese cohort of 46 AYA breast cancer patients, whose HRD scores were calculated from whole-exome sequencing data, and two existing breast cancer cohorts (US and European) for which HRD scores were available. Genetic and clinicopathological factors associated with the HRD-high phenotype, defined as HRD score ≥42, were selected based on the criterion that they be assessible by routine examinations qualifying for insurance reimbursement. A model for prediction of the HRD-high phenotype was constructed and validated using data from the three cohorts. Results In the Japanese AYA cohort, as in the US and European cohorts, HRD-high phenotype (13/46, 28.3%) was preferentially observed in cases with any or combination of germline BRCA1/2 mutations, somatic TP53 mutations, triple-negative subtype, and higher tumor grades. Because these four factors can be assessed by routine examination that qualifies for insurance reimbursement, we developed a model based on these factors to judge whether a case is HRD-high, using the US cohort (n = 744; Area under the curve [AUC] = 0.85). The predictive power of the model was validated in the Japanese (n = 46; AUC = 0.90) and European (n = 58; AUC = 0.96) AYA cases. A model developed using the European cohort (n = 477; AUC = 0.89) had similar predictive power in Japanese (AUC = 0.89) and US (n = 54; AUC = 0.87) AYA cohorts. Conclusions The HRD-high phenotype of AYA breast cancer can be deduced based on genomic and pathological factors that are routinely examined in the oncology clinic. The predictive model presented here could increase the fraction of AYA breast cancer patients who could benefit from PARP inhibitor­- and platinum agent-based therapies.
Anaerobic/aerobic integration via UASB/enhanced aeration for greywater treatment and unrestricted reuse
Authors: Abdel-Shafy Hussein I. , Mansour Mona S. M. , Al-Sulaiman Ahmed Makki
Published: September 2019

The aim of the present study is to achieve an efficient treatment of greywater for reuse in food crops' irrigation. For this purpose, anaerobic followed by enhanced aerobic treatment system was examined via both bench scale and pilot plant. The greywater was separated and collected from the source. The examined systems consisted of Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) followed by anaerobic aeration enhanced by Effective Microorganism (EM). The characteristics of the raw greywater were within a high strength level due to the presence of detergents, phosphates, oil and grease. The BOD5/COD was 0.75, showing that biological treatment to this greywater could be achieved. Treatment with UASB showed high elimination of oil & grease, BOD5, COD, total phosphates, and TKN in the range of 60 to 84%. However, TSS and ammonia were poorly removed. UASB effluent was further aerobically treated in a continuous aerated system where the predetermined optimum EM dose was added. Both aeration time and EM dose were previously examined to reach the optimum. Anaerobic/aerobic pilot plant in the continuing treatment was evaluated, where the final treated effluent successfully reached the permissible limits for unrestricted reuse according to the international regulation, namely FAO, WHO, US EPA and Egypt.
A qualificação do conhecimento no tribunal do júri
Authors: Miranda Amanda Freiberger , Hattnher Marize Mattos Dall Aglio
Published: September 2019

As categorias qualificacionais da modalidade epistêmica e da evidencialidade são analisadas no contexto específico das sessões do tribunal do júri. Indicadoras das avaliações do falante em relação ao valor de verdade das proposições e das indicações da fonte do conteúdo proposicional veiculado, essas qualificações são especialmente produtivas na construção das estratégias persuasivas. Nesse contexto, analisamos a expressão lexical dessas categorias a fim de verificar a funcionalidade da indicação das evidências na fala dos advogados de defesa e de acusação, defendendo a hipótese de que os evidenciais também podem funcionar como asseveradores ou atenuadores do valor de verdade, função tipicamente modal.
Autonomous Driving – How to Apply Safety Principles
Authors: Schӓbe H.
Published: September 2019

We discuss safety principles of autonomous driving road vehicles. First, we provide a comparison between principles and experience of autonomous or automatic systems on rails and on the road. An automatic metro operates in a controlled and well-defined environment, passengers and third persons are separated from driving trains by fences, tunnels, etc. A road vehicle operates in a much more complex environment. Further, we discuss safety principles. The application of safety principles (e.g. fail-safe or safe-life) is used to design and implement a safe system that eventually fulfils the requirements of the functional safety standards. The different responsibility of human driver and technical driving system in different automation levels for autonomous driving vehicles require the application of safety principles. We consider, which safety principles have to be applied using general safety principles and analysing the relevant SAE level based on the experience from projects for the five levels of automated driving as defined by the SAE. Depending on the level of automation, the technical systems are implemented as fail-silent, fails-safe or as safe-life.
Method of identification of the ranges of (non)acceptable factor values to reduce the risk of freight car derailment due to broken bogie solebar
Authors: Shubinsky I. B. , Zamyshliaev A. M. , Ignatov A. N. , Kibzun A. I. , Novozhilov E. O.
Published: September 2019

Aim. According to the Russian freight car crash/derailment investigation records for the period between 2013 and 2016., derailments and crashes during train operations were mostly caused by rolling stock malfunctions, while about a third of such derailments were due to bogie solebar fracture. The average number of derailed units of rolling stock is 4.16 in case of derailment due to solebar fracture against 1.73 in case of derailments due to other rolling stock malfunctions. Previously, a method was developed that allows making decisions to discard a batch of solebars. On the other hand, solebars from batches exempt from discarding can be subject to fractures over time. In this context, it appears to be of relevance to develop a method that would enable timely uncoupling of a car for its submission to depot/full repairs in order to avoid solebar fracture. For this purpose, factor models of fracture hazard estimation should be considered. Such factors may include the number of kilometers travelled from the last maintenance depot (MD), as well as the number of kilometers and days until the next scheduled full/depot repairs. The probability of solebar fracture can be used as the quantitative characteristic of the hazard of solebar fracture. However, probability estimation in the form of, for instance, the frequency of solebar fracture is only possible when observation data is available on when fracture or critical defect of solebar did not occur, yet such data is not collected. Therefore, the hazard index of solebar fracture should be developed. As it is difficult to manage the frequency of car submission to MD, the hazard index must depend only on the number of days and kilometers to repairs. Using the constructed index, the ranges of (non) acceptable factor values must be defined in order to enable decision-making regarding car uncoupling and submission to repairs, should the MD car inspector have doubts regarding the necessity of uncoupling. Methods. Methods of mathematical programming were used in this paper. Results. Conclusions. An impact index was built that characterizes the probability of freight car solebar fracture depending on the number of days and kilometers until the next scheduled repairs of such car. Based on that index, two methods of definition of ranges of (non)acceptable factor values were proposed. The first method was based on the values of the impact index. The second one was based on the identification of some parameters of ranges of (non)acceptable factor values and selection – out of all ranges – of the best ones in terms the lowest hazard of solebar fracture. Such selection was made by solving problems of mixed integer programming with quadratic constraint.
Pioglitazone Therapy Decreases Bone Mass Density and Increases Fat Mass: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zuo Liyun , Wang Jianbin , Zhang Nianping , Wang Junjie
Published: September 2019

Background:

Pioglitazone is mainly used for the management of type 2 diabetes and other insulinassociated
diseases. However, the molecular mechanism of pioglitazone can lead to an imbalance in bone metabolism,
thus decreasing bone mass density (BMD) and increasing the risk for fractures.

Objective:

To demonstrate the effect of pioglitazone therapy on bone metabolism and fat mass.

Methods:

A comprehensive search of the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane Central databases
for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effect of pioglitazone therapy on BMD and fat mass was performed.
The primary outcome measures were the measured values of BMD, percentage changes in BMD, measured
values of bone turnover markers and bone metabolic hormones, changes in BMI, body and leg fat mass, and
fracture rates. The final search was performed in May 2019.

Results:

Six RCTs were included. A total of 749 patients met the inclusion criteria. Pioglitazone therapy was
shown to significantly reduce the BMD of the whole body, lumbar spine, and total hip and serum PTH levels and
increase BMI, total body fat mass and leg fat mass. In addition, 30 mg/d and 30 mg/d initially for one month
followed by 45 mg/d pioglitazone could reduce the BMD of the lumbar spine. Pioglitazone therapy exerted no
significant influence on the BMD of the femoral neck, serum BSAP or 25-OHD levels, or fracture rates.

Conclusion:

Compared with placebo, pioglitazone therapy reduced BMD and serum PTH levels and increased fat
mass and BMI with no difference in serum BSAP or 25-OHD levels or fracture rates; 30 mg/d pioglitazone was
sufficient to reduce the BMD of the lumbar spine.
Prediction of RNA Secondary Structure Using Quantum-inspired Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Shi Sha , Zhang Xin-Li , Yang Le , Du Wei , Zhao Xian-Li , Wang Yun-Jiang
Published: September 2019

Background:

The prediction of RNA secondary structure using optimization algorithms
is key to understand the real structure of an RNA. Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are popular
strategies for RNA secondary structure prediction. However, compared to most state-of-the-art
software based on DPAs, the performances of EAs are a bit far from satisfactory.

Objective:

Therefore, a more powerful strategy is required to improve the performances of EAs
when applied to the prediciton of RNA secondary structures.

Methods:

The idea of quantum computing is introduced here yielding a new strategy to find all
possible legal paired-bases with the constraint of minimum free energy. The sate of a stem pool
with size N is encoded as a population of QGA, which is represented by N quantum bits but not
classical bits. The updating of populations is accomplished by so-called quantum crossover
operations, quantum mutation operations and quantum rotation operations.

Results:

The numerical results show that the performances of traditional EAs are significantly
improved by using QGA with regard to not only prediction accuracy and sensitivity but also
complexity. Moreover, for RNA sequences with middle-short length, QGA even improves the
state-of-art software based on DPAs in terms of both prediction accuracy and sensitivity.

Conclusion:

This work sheds an interesting light on the applications of quantum computing on
RNA structure prediction.
The Superior Mesenteric Artery: From Syndrome in the Young to Vascular Atherosclerosis in the Old
Authors: Beita Ana Karolina Víquez , Whayne Thomas F.
Published: September 2019

:

This review is directed at increasing awareness of two diverse rare upper gastrointestinal problems that occur at opposite ends of the age spectrum and are difficult to diagnose and treat. The Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome (SMAS) likely involves a young patient, especially female, and is especially associated with rapid weight loss, resulting in relative strangulation of the duodenum by a narrowing of the angle between the Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA) and the aorta. On the other hand, atherosclerosis of the SMA is associated most likely with postprandial upper intestinal ischemia and abdominal pain occurs in the elderly at high risk for cardiovascular (CV) disease.

:

Medical management of the SMAS in the young involves good alimentation and weight gain to overall increase the intestinal fat pad. Medical management of SMA atherosclerotic ischemia in the elderly is directed at marked lipid lowering with atherosclerotic plaque stabilization or even regression.

:

If needed, surgery for SMAS can be attempted laparoscopically with duodenojejunoscopy which is the most popular procedure but there are also more conservative possibilities that avoid division of the duodenum. In addition, sometimes direct vision is needed to successfully operate on SMAS. If surgery is needed for SMA atherosclerotic ischemia, it is usually attempted endoscopically with angioplasty and stent placement.

:

Most important, in the case of these two rare clinical entities, is that the clinician have a suspicion of their presence when indicated so that the young or old patient can be spared unnecessary suffering and return to good health in a timely fashion.
Purification and Biochemical Characterization of Cysteine Protease from Baby Kiwi (Actinidia arguta)
Authors: Miyazaki-Katamura Sayaka , Yoneta-Wada Mio , Kozuka Miyuki , Sakaue Tomohisa , Yamane Takuya , Suzuki Junko , Arakawa Yoshihito , Ohkubo Iwao
Published: September 2019

Background:

It has recently been reported that the fruit, stems and leaves ofActinidia argutahave various potential health effects including an antioxidant effect, anticancer effect, anti-allergic effect and α-glucosidase inhibitory effect. However, little is known about the biochemical properties of cysteine protease in the fruit juice ofA. arguta.

Methods:

Ion exchange chromatography to purify the cysteine protease from the fruit juice ofA. arguta, and some synthetic substrates to determinate the enzyme activity were used.

Results:

Cysteine protease was purified to homogeneity fromA. argutafruit juice by ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was calculated to be approximately 25,500 by SDS-PAGE in the presence of β-ME. The enzyme rapidly hydrolyzed the substrate Z-Leu-Arg-MCA and moderately hydrolyzed other substrates including Boc-Val-Leu-Lys-MCA, Z-Val-Val-Arg-MCA and Z-Phe-Arg-MCA. Kinetic parameters for these four substrates were determined. TheKm,Vmax,KcatandKcat/Kmvalues for Z-Leu-Arg-MCA, the most preferentially cleaved by the enzyme, were 100 μM, 63.8 μmoles/mg/min, 27.26 sec-1and 0.2726 sec-1μM-1, respectively. Furthermore, the activity of the enzyme was strongly inhibited by inhibitors including antipain, leupeptin, E-64, E-64c, kinin-free-LMW kininogen and cystatin C. Those biochemical data indicated that the enzyme was a cysteine protease. The amino acid sequence of the first 21 residues of cysteine protease purified fromActinidia argutawas Val1-Leu-Pro-Asp-Tyr5-Val-Asp-Trp-Arg-Ser10-Ala-Gly-Ala-Val-Val15-Asp-Ile-Lys-Ser-Qln20-Gly. This sequence showed high homology to the sequences of actinidin fromAcinidia deliciosa(95.0%) and actinidin fromActinidia eriantha(90%). These three cysteine proteases were thought to be common allied species.

Conclusion:

The biochemical properties of the enzyme purified fromA. argutafruit juice were determined. These basic data are expected to contribute to the maintenance and improvement of human health as well as to the promotion of protein digestion and absorption through its proteolytic functions.
Mechanical and Tribological Characterization of Hybrid Natural Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Parikh Hiral H. , Soni Harshit P. , Suthar Deval A. , Patel Dhruv H.
Published: September 2019

Background:

The technological enhancement in various disciplines enhances the demand for the new material which can replace the conventional materials. This has initiated the idea of composite materials. Synthetic fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites are being widely used due to its mechanical properties, but these fibers lack in terms of biodegradability, initial processing cost, recyclability and health hazard. An alternative to tackle these drawbacks can be found in natural fibers, that give an advantage in terms of strength to weight ratio, ease of availability and biodegradability.

Methods:

This work is aimed to determine the effect of hybrid basalt - banana reinforced epoxy composite and their effectiveness in substituting few conventional materials in terms of their mechanical properties, wear resistance and water absorption rate.

Results:

Basalt Banana Hybrid Composite (BBHC) is tested for their mechanical strength, hardness, impact strength, flexural strength, wear rate and water absorption rate. The test results of mechanical properties for the BBHC are compared to the other hybrid materials and conventional materials.

Conclusion:

The test results reveal that the hybrid basalt banana epoxy composite is a good substitute over various conventional materials. The water absorption test results reveal that the hydrophilic nature of the natural fibers reduces a lot after the hybridization.
Reasons for Antiretroviral Treatment Change Among Adult HIVAIDS Patients at Nedjo General Hospital, Western Ethiopia
Authors: Fekadu Ginenus , Bati Lencho , Gebeyehu Habte
Published: September 2019

Background:

Frequent change of Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) regimen is a challenging problem especially in a resource-limited setting like Ethiopia where treatment options are limited. This study was aimed to identify reasons for ART regimen change among adult HIV patients at Nedjo General Hospital (NGH).

Methods:

An institutional-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at NGH by reviewing patient information cards from 2006 to 2016.

Results:

From a total of 117 included patients, 50.4% were females and the median (IQR) age of the patients was 28 (24-47) years. Majority of patients, 63 (53.9%) started their treatment at world health organization (WHO) clinical stage III (53.9%) and CD4 count of between 200-350 cells/mm3 (44.54%). At the beginning of ART, 56 (47.9%) patients were on a fixed-dose combination of stavudine-lamivudine-nevirapine (D4T/3TC/NVP). The single-drug substitutions were D4T (n = 63), NVP (n = 34), AZT (n =5), EFV (n = 2), and TDF (n = 1). Majority of the patients, 35(29.9%) switched their initial ART regimen after 3 years of regimen commencement. The common reasons reported for initial regimen change was availability of new drug 46 (39.3%) followed by toxicity/side effects 34 (29.2%). From all toxicities, peripheral neuropathy (47.1%) was the most common toxicity followed by rash (20.6%). After regimen change, 47 (40.2%) were received AZT+3TC+NVP.

Conclusion:

Availability of new drug and toxicity were the common reasons for regimen modifications. There should be updated guidelines, sustainable supply of affordable ART drugs, and effective laboratory materials to increase treatment success and minimize the toxicity of the drugs.
Variación en el patrón de coloración de Abronia lythrochila (Reptilia: Anguidae) y su conservación en la Estación Biológica San José, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas, México
Authors: Aranda-Coello J. Manuel
Published: September 2019

Se documenta la variación natural en los patrones de color en Abronia lythrochila y su conservación en la Estación Biológica San José, San Cristóbal de las Casas, Chiapas. México, con el fin de contribuir al conocimiento morfológico e historia natural de la especie.
Локально деформированные структуры Ge/SOI с улучшенным теплоотводом как активная среда для кремниевой оптоэлектроники
Authors: Юрасов Д.В. , Байдакова Н.А. , Вербус В.А. , Гусев Н.С. , Машин А.И. , Морозова Е.Е. , Нежданов А.В. , Новиков А.В. , Скороходов Е.В. , Шенгуров Д.В. , Яблонский А.Н.
Published: September 2019

In this work formation of locally strained Ge structures on SOI substrates is reported and their optical properties are discussed. Suspended Ge structures were fabricated by optical lithography, plasmachemical and wet chemical etching using the “stress concentration” approach.
The fabrication procedure of suspended structures were modified in such a way to provide the mechanical contact between them and the underlying layers so improving the heat dissipation from them. SOI substrates with top Si layer being only 100 nm thick were utilized in such fabrication scheme. The decrease of local heating in such kind of structures was confirmed by the study of micro-Raman scattering depending of scanning laser power. Micro-photoluminescence measurements have shown the remarkable enhancement of the integrated intensity from locally strained areas of a microstructure. It was also shown that structures brought in contact with underlying layers could sustain much higher pumping power densities without fracture as compared to the suspended ones.
Внутрицентровая релаксация мелких доноров сурьмы в деформированном германии
Authors: Цыпленков В.В. , Шастин В.Н.
Published: September 2019

Long-wave acoustic phonons assisted relaxation ratesof the lower excited states 1s(T), 2p0, 2s, 3p0, 2p±, 4p0,3p±of antimony donors in a germanium crystal are calculated.The influence of uniaxial stress in the crystallographic direction[111]on relaxation rates has been considered. The calculationresults have been compared with the measurement data ofrelaxation times of nonequilibrium donor states by the pump-probe method. A comparison is also made with the lifetimesobtained experimentally by the method of studying submillimeterphotoconductivity.