bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Randomized Controlled Trial of a Text-Based Smokeless Tobacco Cessation Intervention for Rural and Medically Underserved Communities
Authors: Noonan Devon , Silva Susan G , Fish Laura J , Simmons Leigh Ann , Nwankwo Nneze , Scherr Karen , Da Costa Mariana , Sang Elaine , Sanders Camila , Swinkels Courtney , Garcia Ortiz Norma , Severson Herbert H , Pollak Kathryn I
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Smokeless tobacco use remains prevalent in rural and medically underserved populations, leading to increased rates of tobacco-related cancers and chronic disease. While access to effective cessation programs is limited, text-based interventions may offer a delivery approach with broad reach. This two-armed randomized control trial (RCT) assessed the efficacy of #EnufSnuff.TXT, a text-based smokeless tobacco cessation intervention, in rural and medically underserved communities.

Aims and Methods

We conducted a two-arm RCT assessing #EnufSnuff.TXT, a text-based scheduled reduction intervention paired with text-based cessation support messages compared with the modified Enough Snuff intervention comprised of a cessation education booklet and bi-weekly motivational text messages. We recruited participants via social media and surveyed participants at 3 and 6 months post-randomization. The primary outcome was self-reported 7-day point prevalence abstinence at 6 months.

Results

We recruited and randomized 532 participants. At 3 months post-randomization, the quit rate was significantly higher in #EnufSnuff.TXT arm compared to the Enough Snuff arm for intent-to-treat (ITT) cases (29.2% vs. 19.0%, odd ratios [OR] = 1.75, p = .0066). The quit rate at 6 months post-randomization remained higher in #EnufSNuff.TXT compared to Enough Snuff for ITT cases (23.1% vs. 20.9%, OR = 1.14, p = .5384), although no longer significantly different.

Conclusions

This is the first large-scale text-based cessation clinical trial for individuals in underserved areas who use smokeless tobacco. The #EnufSnuff.TXT intervention performed better in the short term; however, both interventions yielded similar quit rates at 6 months post-randomization. Future research should focus on improving long-term abstinence in the #EnufSNuff.TXT intervention.

Implications

Text-based cessation approaches have the potential to increase access to cessation interventions in rural and medically underserved areas and reduce tobacco-related chronic disease morbidity and mortality. Our study shows short-term efficacy from the first-ever randomized controlled trial of a smokeless tobacco cessation intervention, #EnufSnuff.TXT, for rural and medically underserved residents in the United States. Our #EnufSnuff.TXT Intervention offers a scalable solution to reach and provide much-needed access to cessation interventions in medically underserved, rural communities in the United States. This work provides the foundation for further inquiry on augmented text-based approaches to increase cessation in this at-risk group.

Clinical Trials Registration

A text-based Reduction Intervention for Smokeless Tobacco Cessation, NCT04315506.
A review of mitotane in the management of adrenocortical cancer
Authors: Del Rivero Jaydira , Else Tobias , Hallanger-Johnson Julie , Kiseljak-Vassiliades Katja , Raj Nitya , Reidy-Lagunes Diane , Srinivas Sandy , Gilbert Jill , Vaidya Anand , Aboujaoude Emily , Bancos Irina , Tito Fojo Antonio
Published: July 2024

Importance

Mitotane (Lysodren, o,p'-DDD [1-(o-chlorophenyl)-1-(p-chlorophenyl)-2,2-dichloroethane)] is currently the only United States Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency-approved product for the treatment of adrenocortical carcinoma.

Observations

Mitotane is challenging to administer; however, its toxicities (specifically adrenal insufficiency) are well known, and the management of adverse consequences has established approaches. While often viewed through the prism of a cytotoxic agent, it can also interfere with hormone production making it a valuable asset in managing functional ACC. A recently completed prospective trial has shed some light on its use in the adjuvant setting, but further clarity is needed. Many think mitotane has a role in the advanced or metastatic setting, although prospective data are lacking and retrospective analyses are often difficult to interpret.

Conclusions and relevance

When used carefully and thoughtfully, especially in patients with hormonal excess, mitotane is an important component of the treatment armamentarium for ACC.
The Influence of Active, Passive, and Manual Therapy Interventions on Escalation of Health Care Events After Physical Therapist Care in Veterans With Low Back Pain
Authors: Mayer John M , Highsmith Michael Jason , Maikos Jason , Patterson Charity G , Kakyomya Joseph , Smith Bridget , Shenoy Nigel , Dearth Christopher L , Farrokhi Shawn
Published: July 2024

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine the associations between active, passive, and manual therapy interventions with the escalation-of-care events following physical therapist care for veterans with low back pain (LBP).

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted in 3618 veterans who received physical therapist care for LBP between January 1, 2015 and January 1, 2018. The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Corporate Data Warehouse was utilized to identify LBP-related physical therapist visits and procedures, as well as opioid prescription and non–physical therapy clinic encounters. The association between physical therapist interventions with 1-year escalation-of-care events were assessed using adjusted odds ratios from logistic regression.

Results

Nearly all veterans (98%) received active interventions, but only a minority (31%) received manual therapy. In the 1-year follow-up period, the odds of receiving an opioid prescription were 30% lower for those who received manual therapy in addition to active interventions, as compared with patients who received only active interventions. Moreover, the odds of receiving primary care, specialty care, and diagnostic testing were 30% to 130% higher for patients who received electrical stimulation or more than 1 passive intervention in addition to active treatments, as compared with patients who received only active interventions.

Conclusion

The use of manual therapy along with active interventions was associated with reduced prescription of opioids, while utilization of specific passive interventions such as electrical stimulation or multiple modalities in conjunction with active interventions resulted in increased escalation-of-care events.

Impact

The use of active interventions, which is supported by most clinical practice guidelines, was the cornerstone of physical therapist care for veterans with LBP. However, the use of clinical practice guideline–recommended manual therapy interventions was low but associated with reduced opioid prescriptions. The use of 2 or more different passive interventions along with active interventions was common (34%) and associated with less-than-optimal escalation-of-care outcomes.
The Prediction of Diagnostic Change From Bipolar Disorder to Schizophrenia and Schizophrenia to Bipolar Disorder in a Population-Based, Longitudinal, National Swedish Sample
Authors: Kendler Kenneth S , Abrahamsson Linda , Sundquist Jan , Sundquist Kristina
Published: July 2024

Background and Hypothesis

To clarify, in a large, representative, longitudinal sample, the rate and predictors of diagnostic conversion from Bipolar Disorder (BD) to Schizophrenia (SZ) and from SZ→BD.

Design

From individuals born in Sweden 1950–1995 and living there in 1970 or later, we identified at least one initial diagnoses of SZ (n = 8449) and BD (n = 8438) followed for a minimum of 10 and a mean of 24 years. Diagnostic conversion required, respectively, at least two final diagnoses of BD and SZ 30 days apart with no intervening diagnosis of SZ or BD.

Results

At follow-up, rates of BD→SZ and SZ→BD conversion were 10.1 and 4.5%, respectively. Conversions occurred slowly, with around 50% completed in the first decade. Using a diverse range of variables available at first onset including family genetic risk scores, BD→SZ conversion was predicted with greater accuracy (AUC = 0.78) than SZ→BD conversion (AUC = 0.65). The strongest predictors of BD→SZ conversion were earlier years of birth, younger age at BD onset, low BD genetic risk, and being unmarried at BD onset. SZ→BD conversion was most strongly predicted by high BD genetic risk, being married at SZ onset, female sex, early age at SZ onset, and an MD episode prior to SZ onset. Cases of BD and SZ in the highest decile for conversion risk had HRs for a diagnostic change of, respectively, 12.5 and 3.4.

Conclusions

Diagnostic conversion of BD→SZ and SZ→BD are not rare, are moderately predictable, and should likely be accounted for in many research designs.
Clozapine Safety in Pregnancy: A Clinical Study
Authors: Kulkarni Jayashri , De Chellis Adam , Gilbert Heather , Gavrilidis Emmy , Mu Eveline , Karimi Leila , Li Qi
Published: July 2024

Background and Hypothesis

Pregnant women with persistent schizophrenia and related disorders may require ongoing antipsychotic treatment, including clozapine. However, the potential risks of using clozapine during pregnancy and the postnatal period remain uncertain.

Study Design

We conducted a nested case-control study using the National Register of Antipsychotic Medication in Pregnancy (NRAMP) database. Our study assessed pregnancy outcomes among Australian women diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorder and treated with clozapine (n = 14) during the first trimester. These women were compared to 2 subgroups: those treated with quetiapine (n = 53) and those not taking any medication (n = 24) during pregnancy.

Study Results

We observed higher rates of miscarriage in the clozapine group compared to the quetiapine and drug-free groups. The clozapine group had a higher early pregnancy body mass index but lower overall pregnancy weight gain than the other groups. The prevalence of gestational diabetes was significantly higher in the clozapine group. The percentage of vaginal delivery was higher in the clozapine group than in the other 2 groups. Neonatal outcomes such as gestational age, and Apgar scores were similar across groups. The birth weight was lower in the clozapine group compared to the other 2 groups.

Conclusions

This study suggests that pregnant women taking clozapine and their babies have greater adverse outcomes compared to other groups. Clozapine appears to be associated with a greater risk of miscarriages, maternal gestational diabetes, and lower birth weight. However, the gestational age, Apgar scores, and admission to NICU/SCN were comparable between all groups.
Ethical Challenges in Social Work Licensing Examinations: A Call for Integrity and Strategies for Success
Authors: Joseph Rigaud
Published: July 2024

This article discusses four questions. First, what is the operational framework of the Association of Social Work Boards (ASWB)? Second, how congruent is the ASWB’s operational framework with social work values and ethics? Third, why do ASWB exam candidates from disadvantaged backgrounds—those who identify as African American, who are older, and who do not speak English as a first language—register comparatively lower pass rates in the clinical licensure examination? Fourth, what are ethically sound novel strategies for improving the ASWB exam? This article argues that (1) ASWB, in its present state, operates under a business model philosophy, which is incongruent with the social work value of integrity, and (2) the disparities in pass rates in the ASWB exam may reflect its lack of validity. This article also presents three relatively innovative strategies for restoring confidence and increasing success in the ASWB social work licensing exam and two contingent solutions to the problem of exam pass rate disparities based on race, age, and primary language. The implications of this study for social work stakeholders are also discussed.
Evaluating Patient Perceptions of Smartphone Use for Active and Passive Collection of Health Data
Authors: O’Neill Colin , Duckworth Elizabeth , Shah Romil , Jayakumar Prakash
Published: July 2024

Background:

The objectives of this study are to assess patient willingness to share smartphone generated health data with providers and to characterize patient populations who express hesitation around providing these data to providers.

Methods:

Bivariate analysis involved unpaired t-test or analysis of variance for comparing continuous variables. An alpha value of 0.05 was used. A multivariable regression to investigate demographic factors associated with comfort with sharing health data was performed. Odds ratios compared participants by age group, educational attainment, and race.

Results:

A total of 485 participants completed the survey, with an average age of 38 years old. Respondents were 65% male and 73% Caucasian. The majority (70%) of participants were comfortable answering questions about their health on their phone, as well as sending pictures of their health problems or wounds. Over half of participants were comfortable with passive social and physical activity information being sent to their doctor and would allow their doctors to download a data tracking application on their smartphone (55% and 59%, respectively). Younger participants (OR 2.0, P<0.05) and participants with increased education (OR 2.5, P < 0.01) were more likely to be comfortable in sharing their data. Privacy concerns were cited as the most common reason patients desired to refrain from sharing data.

Conclusion:

Most study participants were comfortable sharing smartphone generated health data.
A novel technique for conducting flexible bronchoscopy cryobiopsy under conscious sedation: An observational study
Authors: Salton Francesco , Biolo Marco , Trotta Liliana , Mondini Lucrezia , Andrisano Alessia Giovanna , Reccardini Nicolò , Confalonieri Paola , Antonaglia Caterina , Confalonieri Marco , Ruaro Barbara
Published: July 2024

Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBCB) is a reliable method for obtaining histopathological findings in interstitial lung diseases. TBCB is traditionally performed during rigid bronchoscopy, positioning an endobronchial balloon blocker to facilitate bleeding management. Therefore, it can be challenging to implement in Centers without access to anesthesiologic support or dedicated beds for endoscopic procedures. We present a series of 11 patients who underwent 12 TBCBs using a flexible bronchoscope and a 5 Fr endobronchial blocker passing through an uncuffed endotracheal tube, under moderate sedation and spontaneous breathing. All procedures were carried out in an endoscopy suite, using fluoroscopy guidance but without requiring anesthesiologic assistance. TBCB was feasible in all cases, and it demonstrated similar or improved diagnostic yield (90.1%) and safety compared to rigid bronchoscopy. In 1 case, it was successfully repeated due to an inconclusive histological definition at the first attempt. The size of the samples was consistent with the literature, as it was the incidence of pneumothorax (16.6%). Four cases of moderate bleeding and 4 cases of severe bleeding were managed without further complications. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a technique allowing to perform TBCB through an artificial airway without need for either rigid bronchoscopy or general anesthesia. We believe this technique could make TBCB faster, cost-effective, and feasible even in resource-limited settings without compromising on safety. However, further studies are needed to validate these findings.
Current and future trends of acupuncture as an adjuvant therapy in cancer: A bibliometric and visual analysis
Authors: Shang Rui , Pan Ting , Wang Fengyang , Jin Hui , Nan Xi , Song Chenyu
Published: July 2024

Background:

Acupuncture, as one of the representatives of complementary therapies, is often used as an adjunctive therapy in the treatment of cancer and related complications with beneficial results.

Methods:

We selected the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) database as the data source and searched to obtain relevant literatures on the application of acupuncture in cancer treatment. The relevant literature was analyzed using CiteSpace (version 6.1.R6) and VOSviewer (version 1.6.20).

Results:

A total of 592 publications were included, with an overall upward trend in the number of publications. There were 135 countries or institutions involved, with China as the most published country. There were 1888 related institutions, and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center was the institution with the most publications. A total of 3067 authors were involved, and there were obvious collaborations between authors. There were 190 related journals, and J Clin Oncol was the most cited journal. The most frequently occurring keywords were breast cancer and management, but also other related topics such as quality of life, chemotherapy, and complementary.

Conclusion:

Acupuncture is gaining increasing attention as an adjunctive therapy in cancer treatment programs. Currently, relevant research focuses on acupuncture to alleviate cancer-induced comorbid symptoms, such as pain and insomnia. Future research is gradually shifting toward spiritual care, Colorectal Cancer Surgery, and systematic review.
The impact of IVF patients’ characteristics on their satisfaction and quality-of-life with overseas treatment: A mixed methods approach
Authors: Chausheva Naskhanym , Ozdal Macide Artac
Published: July 2024

Recent advances in infertility therapy, such as hormone medication and in vitro fertilization (IVF), have led to an increase in the demand for IVF. North Cyprus is a new medical tourist destination, and this study aimed to discover influential demographic predictors of IVF patients’ satisfaction and quality-of-life (QoL) after receiving reproductive IVF services. Two questionnaires on IVF patient satisfaction and QoL were administered to 101 patients who received services in selected IVF clinics. Parametric and nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that the mean satisfaction level with IVF service introduction and doctor professionalism increased with age, and a maximum satisfaction level was found in older patients. Doctor professionalism was another significant factor for greater satisfaction in older patients than in young patients who underwent IVF treatment. Satisfaction with IVF services was reduced by increasing education levels. IVF services must be managed and provided based on the needs of patients from different demographic backgrounds and efforts must be made to improve satisfaction with fertility services.
Study on the psychological health status and influencing factors of operating room nursing staff
Authors: Yao Lan , Zhang Linjuan
Published: July 2024

To comprehensively analyze the psychological health status of operating room nurses and identify influencing factors. The research compares psychological health differences based on nurses’ years of experience, specifically examining depression and anxiety scores. A detailed assessment was conducted, focusing on nurses with varying experience levels. Findings revealed higher depression scores among mid to senior-level nurses, while junior-level nurses exhibited elevated anxiety scores. Additionally, overall dissatisfaction with physical health and various subhealth symptoms were reported. Multifactorial analysis identified working hours, disaster relief experience, and perceived occupational benefits as primary influencers. Through comparative analysis, it was found that the average score of self-rating depression scale and self-rating anxiety scale was 53.8 ± 12.2 points and 47.6 ± 10.5 points respectively. The depression score of middle and senior nurses was significantly higher than that of junior nurses (P < .05). The anxiety score of primary nurses was significantly higher than that of middle and senior nurses (P < .05). The results indicate that the duration of work, previous experience in disaster relief, and nurses’ perception of occupational benefits were the main factors influencing the psychological health status of operating room nurses (P < .05). Healthcare institutions are recommended to implement targeted interventions based on nurses’ experience levels, addressing specific psychological health needs. Future research should delve into specific subgroups, conduct long-term tracking, expand the scope of influencing factors, assess the effectiveness of intervention measures, and explore cross-cultural aspects.
The efficacy of erythrocyte apheresis for treatment of secondary erythrocytosis: An observational study
Authors: Ma Jie , Yin Qichao , Ye Fang , Ba Zhenzhen , Geng Hui
Published: July 2024

To evaluate the efficacy of erythrocyte apheresis on the treatment of secondary erythrocytosis. Patients with secondary erythrocytosis who had visited the Department of Hematology at the Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital between January 2021 and May 2022 were enrolled. Based on the treatment method used, the patients were divided into erythrocytapheresis group and bloodletting group. In total, 50 patients were treated using a hemocyte separator and 36 patients were treated with bloodletting. The outcomes of 2 groups were compared. Compared with the bloodletting group, the clinical symptoms improved, blood routine indicators such as RBC, Hb, and HCT significantly reduced, and the progression rate was lower in the erythrocytapheresis group. Erythrocytic apheresis is effective and safe for the treatment of secondary erythrocytosis.
Research progress of airway inflammation in asthma: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Liye Lang , Hui Zhao , Fuchun Huang , Hua Liu
Published: July 2024

Background:

In recent years, the prevalence of asthma has gradually increased and the number of asthmatics worldwide has reached 358 million, which has caused huge economic loss. Airway inflammation is an important feature of asthma, and international research in this field has a high degree of heat. Therefore, this paper uses the bibliometric method to systematically review and visualize the literature in this field, aiming to provide some reference value for follow-up related research.

Methods:

To retrieve the research literature on airway inflammation in asthma from 2003 to 2022 in the Web of Science Core Collection database. The bibliometric method was used to systematically analyze the included literature data by using visualization analysis software such as CiteSpace (6.2. R4) and VOSviewer (1.6.19).

Results:

A total of 1892 articles published in 423 journals were included in this study, from 1912 institutions in 62 countries/regions. The number of articles published between 2003 and 2022 showed a trend of fluctuating growth. The country with the largest number of articles published was China (558,29.49 %), followed by the United States (371,19.61 %) and Korea (212,11.21 %). Gibson, Peter G is the author with the highest number of publications, and Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology is the most published journal.

Conclusion subsections:

This study systematically reveals the state of the literature in the field of airway inflammation in asthma over the past 20 years. The exploration of inflammatory cell components, pathway molecules and biological agents are research hotspots in this field and should be further studied.
A comparative study examining the impact of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery with non-extracorporeal circulation on heart function and structure in patients with various forms of coronary heart diseases
Authors: Bai Xue-Peng , Li Jia-Xing , Ma Jin-Lan , Tian Xin-Bao , Han Chao , Wang Yun
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is to assess alterations in heart function and structure in patients diagnosed with non-ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEAMI), unstable angina (UA), and stable angina (SA) 1 year after undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) performed without extracorporeal circulation. A total of 182 patients who underwent OPCABG were included and classified into 3 groups based on their preoperative diagnosis: the NSTEAMI group (n = 68), the UA group (n = 64), and the SA group (n = 50). Cardiac ultrasonography data were collected for all groups both preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively. Clinical data were subjected to statistical analysis. In the NSTEAMI group, postoperative observations revealed increases in left ventricular stroke volume and left ventricular end-systolic diameter, along with reductions in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD) 1-year post-surgery. The UA group demonstrated decreases in LVEDV and LVEDD 1-year post-surgery. Similarly, the SA group exhibited an increase in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and reductions in LVEDV and LVEDD 1-year post-surgery. Comparative analysis of cardiac ultrasonography data revealed that the NSTEAMI group displayed significantly lower left ventricular stroke volume and notably higher left ventricular end-systolic diameter and volume compared to the UA and SA groups 1-year post-surgery. Furthermore, the SA group exhibited significantly elevated LVEF compared to the UA and NSTEAMI groups 1-year post-surgery. Cardiac ultrasonography findings indicate that all 3 groups exhibited improvements in cardiac function and left ventricular structure 1-year post-surgery. However, the NSTEAMI group demonstrated more substantial improvements in comparison to the UA and SA groups.
Multimodal imaging analysis of autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy: Case series
Authors: Miura Masahiro , Makita Shuichi , Yasuno Yoshiaki , Azuma Shinnosuke , Mino Toshihiro , Hayashi Takaaki , Kameya Shuhei , Tsunoda Kazushige
Published: July 2024

Rationale:

Autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB) is a subtype of bestrophinopathy caused by biallelic mutations of the BEST1 gene, which affect the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Studying RPE abnormalities through imaging is essential for understanding ARB. This case series involved the use of multimodal imaging techniques, namely autofluorescence (AF) imaging at 488 nm [short-wavelength AF] and 785 nm [near-infrared AF (NIR-AF)] and polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), to investigate RPE changes in 2 siblings with ARB.

Patient concerns:

Two Japanese siblings (Case 1: male, followed for 20–23 years; Case 2: female, followed for 13–17 years) carried compound heterozygous mutations of the BEST1 gene.

Diagnosis:

Both siblings were diagnosed with ARB.

Interventions and outcomes:

Multimodal imaging techniques were used to evaluate RPE changes. Both siblings had funduscopic changes similar to those seen in the vitelliruptive stage of Best vitelliform macular dystrophy during the follow-up period. NIR-AF imaging showed hypo-AF of the entire macular lesion in both cases, and this hypo-AF remained stable over time. PS-OCT confirmed reduced RPE melanin content in these hypo-AF areas. Additionally, hyper-NIR-AF dots were observed within hypo-NIR-AF areas. Concomitant identification of focally thickened RPE melanin on PS-OCT imaging and hyper-AF on short-wavelength AF imaging at the sites containing hyper-NIR-AF dots indicated that the hyper-NIR-AF dots had originated from either stacked RPE cells or RPE dysmorphia.

Lessons:

We confirmed RPE abnormalities in ARB, including diffuse RPE melanin damage in the macula alongside evidence of RPE activity-related changes. This case series demonstrates that multimodal imaging, particularly NIR-AF and PS-OCT, provides detailed insights into RPE alterations in ARB.
Identification and validation of basement membrane-related genes predicting prognosis and immune infiltration associated with bladder cancer
Authors: Lai Fie , He Lin , Lia Thongher , Yang Zhen , Huang Chaoyou
Published: July 2024

Bladder cancer (BC) is fatal during muscle invasion and treatment progress is limited. In this study, we aimed to construct and validate basement membrane (BM)-associated gene prognosis to predict BC progression and tumor immune infiltration correlation. We choreographed BM-related genes in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database using COX regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis, and the predictive value of BM-related genes was further validated by the GSE32548, GSE129845, and immunohistochemistry staining. All analyses were performed with R-version 4.2.2, and its appropriate packages. Three genes were identified to construct a gene signature to predictive of BC prognosis. We divided the TCGA database into 2 groups, and patients in the high-risk group had worse overall survival (OS) than those in the low-risk group. In GSE32548, we confirmed that patients in the high-risk group had a poorer prognosis compared to those in the low-risk group in terms of OS. Immunohistochemical staining of EPEMP1, GPC2, and ITGA3 showed significantly higher expression at the protein level in BC tissues than in normal tissues. The Spearman analysis showed risk score was positively correlated with B cell naïve, Macrophages M2, and Mast cells resting. stromal score, immune score, and ESTIMATE scores were significantly higher in the high-risk group. drugs sensitivity analysis showed IC50 of Cisplatin, Gemcitabine, and Methotrexate in the high-risk group was significantly higher than that in the low-risk group. We identified 3 prognostic genes from a novel perspective of BM genes as effective risk stratification tools for BC patients.
Single-molecule targeted therapy shrinks lung lesions and improves bone metastases: A case report
Authors: Wei Jun , Hu Bei , Fang Huang , Zhang Fangqi , Wang Peng
Published: July 2024

Rationale:

Bone metastasis is a common metastatic mode of advanced lung cancer and poses a great threat to the survival and quality of life of patients with this disease. However, the available literature has limited treatment options for advanced lung cancer with bone metastases.

Patients concerns:

A 76-year-old married male patient was underwent CT due to cough and sputum for 1 month. On CT, space-occupying lesions were found in the left inferior lobe of the lung, as well as multiple bone metastases in the vertebral body and ilium.

Diagnoses:

Pathologic sectioning of the lung lesion after puncture revealed invasive lung adenocarcinoma, and a genetic test revealed EGFR exon 21: L858R (64.60%).

Interventions:

Considering that the disease was not suitable for radiotherapy (extensive metastasis) and could not be treated with chemotherapy (poor underlying condition), the patient was given molecularly targeted therapy with osimertinib.

Outcomes:

After 10 months of standard treatment (80 mg orally, once a day), the lung lesions of the patients became significantly smaller, and the bone metastases distinctly improved. And the patient’s condition has not shown any signs of rebound with the one-year follow-up.

Lessons subsections:

In the present case, the bone metastases from lung adenocarcinoma almost completely disappeared after treatment with a single molecular targeted therapy agent, increasing the confidence in the treatment of advanced lung cancer.
Identification and analysis of biomarkers associated with oxidative stress and ferroptosis in recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Xie Jinxia , Zhu Hongli , Zhao Shaozhi , Ma Yongqin , Shi Panpan , Zhan Xuxin , Tian Wenyan , Wang Yingmei
Published: July 2024

Recurrent miscarriage (RM) has a huge impact on women. Both oxidative stress and ferroptosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of RM. Hence, it was vital to screen the ferroptosis oxidation-related biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of RM. We introduced transcript data to screen out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in RM. Ferroptosis oxidation-related differentially expressed genes were obtained by overlapping DEGs and oxidative stress related genes with correlations >0.9 with ferroptosis-related genes. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selectionator operator regression and support vector machine based recursive feature elimination algorithm were implemented to screen feature genes. The biomarkers associated with ferroptosis oxidation were screened via receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We finally analyzed the competing endogenous RNAs regulatory network and potential drugs of biomarkers. We identified 1047 DEGs in RM. Then, 9 ferroptosis oxidation-related differentially expressed genes were obtained via venn diagram. Subsequently, 8 feature genes (PTPN6, GJA1, HMOX1, CPT1A, CREB3L1, SNCA, EPAS1, and TGM2) were identified via machine learning. Moreover, 4 biomarkers associated with ferroptosis oxidation, including PTPN6, GJA1, CPT1A, and CREB3L1, were screened via receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. We constructed the ‘227 long noncoding RNAs-4 mRNAs-36 microRNAs’ network, in which hsa-miR-635 was associated with CREB3L1 and PTPN6. There were 11 drugs with therapeutic potential on 3 biomarkers associated with ferroptosis oxidation. We also observed higher expression of CPT1A and CREB3L1 in RM group compared to the healthy control group by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Overall, we obtained 4 biomarkers (PTPN6, GJA1, CPT1A, and CREB3L1) associated with ferroptosis and oxidative stress, which laid a theoretical foundation for the diagnosis and treatment of RM.
Surgical treatment of tardy ulnar nerve palsy due to non-neurogenic heterotopic ossification in the elbow
Authors: Lee Se Hwan , Lee Young-Keun , Kim Dong Hee , An Jae Hun
Published: July 2024

Heterotopic ossification (HO) is characterized by the formation of pathological bone within the soft tissues. HO predominantly affects elbow joints and may be accompanied by tardy ulnar nerve palsy. This study aimed to explore the clinical and functional outcomes of patients with tardy ulnar nerve palsy caused by HO following surgical treatment, with a review of the relevant literature.

A retrospective study was conducted on 4 patients with tardy ulnar nerve palsy caused by HO, who underwent anterior subcutaneous ulnar nerve transposition between 2015 and 2020. The patients were followed up for more than 1 year and the cause of HO was also identified. Clinical and functional outcomes were evaluating using the grip strength and pinch strength, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score and Quick disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score. The causes of HO were repetitive micro-trauma in 1 case and excessive physical or rehabilitation therapy in 3 cases. The average follow-up period was 15.6 months (range; 12–21 months). The grip strength increased from an average of 14kg to 26.5kg. The pinch strength increased from an average of 1.5 kg to 3.63 kg. The Quick DASH score decreased from an average of 55.6 to 6.15. The VAS score for pain decreased from an average of 7 to 0.25. Rapid surgical treatment, including removal of the heterotopic bone and ulnar nerve anterior transposition, might improve outcomes in patients with tardy ulnar nerve palsy caused by HO.
Relationship of anthropometrics and blood pressure to identify people at risk of hypertension and obesity-related conditions in Nigerian rural areas
Authors: Sunday Obaje Godwin , Okorie Sonia-Love , Ogugua Egwu Augustine , Muracki Jarosław , Kurtoglu Ahmet , Alotaibi Madawi H. , Elkholi Safaa M.
Published: July 2024

The prevalence of obesity and hypertension is increasing, particularly in the urban areas. However, there is limited research on the relationship between obesity and hypertension in the rural areas of southeastern Nigeria. The present study aimed to investigate the association between anthropometric parameters and adiposity indicators and the risk of hypertension with obesity-related conditions, based on a descriptive study of people living in the southeastern rural areas of Nigeria. The cluster sampling procedure randomly recruited study participants. Finally, 200 participants (100 male and 100 female) aged 18 to 25 years were included in the study. A simplified correlation analysis was used to derive the adjusted indicators in relation to age and sex. This study found that females generally had a higher body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and Z-score, whereas systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in men. A high correlation was found between the body shape index (ABSI) and BMI (r = −.529, P < .001), WC (r = .399, P < .001) and Z-score (r = .982, P < .001) in male participants. In females, there was a high correlation between ABSI and BMI, blood pressure (BP), and Z score in female participants (r = −.481, P < .000; r = −.267, P = .007; r = .941, P < .000). In male participants, BMI was correlated with diastolic blood pressure (DBP; r = .236, P = .018), SBP (r = .282, P = .005), Z score (r = −.539, P < .000), and WC (r = .541, P < .001). This study highlights the importance of considering a range of anthropometric measurements and health parameters when assessing health risks and identifying potential interventions. In addition, the body shape index may be a particularly useful tool for predicting health risks in both men and women. In contrast, correlations between various health parameters can provide insights into the underlying mechanisms and risk factors.
The effect of overexpression of CyPA on gene expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Yang Wenwen , Zhou XinRong , Li Qiuju , Yin Mingyue , Wang Ning
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is to screen the differentially expressed genes and genes with alternative splicing in PPIA overexpressing cells by transcriptome sequencing. Transcriptome sequencing was performed to identify differentially expressed genes and genes with altered alternative splicing in PPIA overexpressing cells and results were validated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The biological function and pathways of those genes were further explored through Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. A total of 157 significantly upregulated genes and 171 significantly downregulated genes were identified in PPIA overexpressing cells, and the splicing pattern of LHPP, APH1A, BRD1, and ORAI3 was found to be altered. GO analyses showed that the most enriched GO terms of the 157 upregulated genes included extracellular region, protein binding, and metal ion, and the most enriched GO terms of the 171 downregulated genes included binding neuron projection, protein binding, and endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses showed that the 157 upregulated genes were mainly enriched in gastric acid secretion, Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway, etc, and the 171 downregulated genes were mainly enriched in transcriptional misregulation in cancer, Tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, etc. The overexpression of PPIA in human umbilical vein endothelial cells causes changes in the expression of downstream genes and induces alternative splicing in multiple genes. PPIA alters the expression or the alternative splicing pattern of downstream genes, leading to pathogenesis of vascular endothelial injury by high glucose mediated through CyPA.
Role of legumain in metabolic dysfunction, diagnosis, and prognosis of patients with atherosclerosis
Authors: Li Jingchao , Li Kun , Wang Huiqi , Wang Le , Li Xiaoping , Liu Feifei
Published: July 2024

Background:

The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of legumain in metabolic dysfunction, diagnosis, and prognosis in patients with atherosclerosis.

Methods:

Plasma levels of legumain from patients with atherosclerosis (n = 320) and healthy controls (n = 320), expression of legumain in atheromatous plaque and secreted from monocyte-derived macrophages were measured using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and fluorescence.

Results:

Data demonstrated that atherosclerotic patients had higher plasma level of legumain than healthy controls, which was a diagnostic and prognostic marker and corrected with the degree of atherosclerosis. It found that atheromatous plaque and endothelial cell had higher legumain expression than non-atherosclerotic arteries (controls). Legumain showed significantly increased secretion from pro-inflammatory M1 compared to pro-resolving M2 macrophages during monocyte-derived macrophages, which was localized to structures resembling foam cells.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, our data indicate that legumain expression is upregulated in both plasma and plaques of patients with atherosclerosis, which is associated with metabolic dysfunction of endothelial cell and might be a diagnostic and prognostic marker of atherosclerosis.
Effect of COVID-19 infection on female sexual function: A prospective controlled study
Authors: Demircivi Ergul , Yildirim Aysegul , Guler Yucel , Turgut Abdulkadir
Published: July 2024

This prospective controlled study investigates the effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on female sexual function, comparing recovered COVID-19-positive women with those uninfected by the virus. It aims to elucidate the broader impacts on sexual health and psychological well-being. This prospective controlled study included nonpregnant women of reproductive age and their partners, divided into COVID-19- positive (recovered) and negative groups. Data collection took place on average 6 months after COVID-19 recovery. Information was collected on the number of people exposed to COVID-19 and the severity of infection (mild, moderate or severe). Participants completed validated questionnaires assessing sexual function (female sexual function index [FSFI]), anxiety (state-trait anxiety inventory [STAI]) and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory). We compared sexual function, psychological well-being and demographic characteristics between the groups using statistical analyses to identify significant differences. The study reveals significant resilience in sexual function, psychological well-being, and demographic characteristics among the participants, regardless of COVID-19 status. No marked differences were found in sexual desire, arousal, lubrication, orgasm, satisfaction, or pain during sexual activity between the groups. Psychological assessments indicated uniform anxiety levels across both cohorts, underscoring a theme of psychological resilience. The analysis of partners’ sexual function highlighted minimal indirect impacts of the pandemic on intimate relationships. Despite the extensive global health implications, this study demonstrates resilience in female sexual function and psychological health among those affected by the virus. These findings emphasize the need for ongoing research and targeted interventions to support individuals navigate the pandemic-evolving challenges, highlighting resilience and adaptability as key factors in maintaining well-being.
The implementation of the acute care surgery model in the management of patients with acute appendicitis – A 5-year single-center, retrospective experience: An observational study
Authors: Yoon Kyoung Won , Yoo Keesang , Choi Kyoungjin , Gil Eunmi , Park Chi-Min , Lee Donghyoun
Published: July 2024

We conducted this study to assess the effects of the acute care surgery (ACS) model in the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) based on our 5-year single-center, retrospective experience. The current single-center, retrospective, observational study was conducted in a consecutive series of the patients with AA who had been surgically treated at a tertiary referral hospital in Seoul, Korea, between January 2016 and December 2020. At our institution, the ACS model was first introduced in March 2018. Therefore, our clinical series of the patients were divided into 2 groups: the pre-ACS group (March 2014 to February 2018) and the post-ACS group (March 2018 to December 2022). Key time intervals include emergency department registration to request for surgical consultation, request for surgical consultation to decision on surgery, decision-to-operating room, time to decision on surgery and length of emergency department stay. Moreover, outcomes include rates of perforation and complications and discharge within 24 or 48 hours. We compared key time intervals, outcomes, and length of hospital stay between the 2 groups. A total of 900 patients with AA were finally included in the current study, 447 and 453 of whom were divided into the pre-ACS group (n = 447) and the post-ACS group (n = 453), respectively. There were significant differences in key time intervals, outcomes, and length of hospital stay between the 2 groups (P < .05). In conclusion, our results showed that the implementation of the ACS model was effective in improving key time intervals, rates of perforation, and discharge within 24 or 48 hours in the patients with AA.
Impact of chronic kidney disease on left atrial appendage occlusion: A meta-analysis of procedural outcomes and complications
Authors: Lee Wei-Chieh , Chang Wei-Ting , Shih Jhih-Yuan , Wu Po-Jui , Fang Chih-Yuan , Chen Huang-Chung , Fang Yen-Nan , Fang Hsiu-Yu
Published: July 2024

Background:

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience atrial fibrillation more frequently. The balance of medical management for stroke prevention and bleeding events presents a challenging issue in CKD population. Left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) may be an effective solution for stroke prevention in patients who experience frequent bleeding with oral anticoagulants. However, the specific impact of CKD on the procedural success, complications, and outcomes of LAAO implantations remains underexplored.

Methods:

We conducted a search of various databases for articles published before October 31, 2023. This search yielded 7 studies, comparing outcomes between CKD and non-CKD cohorts undergoing LAAO implantation. Our analysis focused on CHA2DS2-VASc scores, average eGFR, use of oral anticoagulants, procedural success rates, procedural complications, and associated outcomes.

Results:

The meta-analysis included data from 2576 patients, with 1131 identified as having CKD. The CKD group also had higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores (4.7 ± 1.4 vs 4.0 ± 1.5; P < .001) and HAS-BLED scores (3.8 ± 1.1 vs 3.1 ± 1.0; P < .001) than the non-CKD group. CKD patients showed a nonreduction in procedural success rates and a nonsignificant increase in total complications. The risks of stroke and transient ischemic attack, major bleeding, and cardiovascular mortality were not significantly different between the 2 groups. However, a significantly lower rate of total mortality was observed in the non-CKD group (odds ratio: 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.32–0.60).

Conclusion:

While CKD is associated with a nonsignificant decrease in procedural success and a nonsignificant increase in complication risks, the outcomes of LAAO implantation are comparably favorable between CKD and non-CKD groups. Despite similar procedural outcomes, the CKD group exhibited a higher rate of all-cause mortality.