bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
k-tuple total dominator chromatic number and Mycielskian graphs
Authors: Marweni Walid
Published: February 2025

The k-tuple total dominator chromatic number is a graph parameter that measures the minimum number of colors required for a proper coloring, where each vertex must be adjacent to every vertex of k distinct color classes.
In this paper, we investigate the k-tuple total dominator chromatic number in the context of Mycielskian graphs.
Mycielskian graphs are obtained through a graph transformation introduced by Mycielski in 1955, and they have been widely studied for their intriguing properties and applications in graph theory. The generalized Mycielskians are natural generalizations of Mycielskian graphs, denoted by

μ
m

⁢

(
G
)

{\mu_{m}(G)}

, where

m
≥
1

{m\geq 1}

. Specifically, we determine both the upper and lower bounds for the k-tuple total dominator chromatic number of Mycielskian graphs, providing insights into the minimum number of colors needed to achieve a k-tuple total dominator coloring in these graphs. We also discuss the exact values of the k-tuple total dominator chromatic number for specific instances of Mycielskian graphs. Moreover, we discuss the

χ

k
,
d

t

{\chi_{k,d}^{t}}

of the generalized Mycielskian graph

μ
m

⁢

(
G
)

{\mu_{m}(G)}

, where

m
≥
2

{m\geq 2}

, by giving some bounds in terms of

k
,
m

{k,m}

and that of G.
Chinese perceptions and refutations of face-threatening impoliteness regarding diplomatic press conferences
Authors: Zhang Cun , Liu Guiling , Zhang Shuang
Published: February 2025

Academic interest in impoliteness within political interactions has grown, but there remains a significant gap in the exploration of Chinese political discourse, let alone understanding how and why multiple participants perceive and respond to this phenomenon. Moreover, metaphor, as a crucial off-record strategy in impoliteness research, has not been given in-depth scrutiny by pragmaticists. To address the gaps, we collected 228 Chinese diplomatic press conference texts, and interviewed 27 Chinese citizens to quantitatively and qualitatively analyze external journalists’ face-threatening impoliteness and public understandings and retorts, in comparison with Chinese spokespersons’ measures of counter-impoliteness. It is found that first, the journalists’ impoliteness primarily consists of explicit negative association, seeking disagreement, and threatening/frightening. Second, the interviewees’ evaluation of impoliteness is influenced by their background knowledge, collective identity, political stances, and attention to the journalists’ querying manners. Third, the spokespersons use 11 types of deliberate metaphors along with other negative evaluations such as denials and rhetorical questions. Apart from these devices, the interviewees’ responses abound with distinct outpourings of other-condemning sentiment. The multiple recipients’ judgments and rebuttals may interrelate with their discoursal and social roles, which are arguably affected by China’s contemporary diplomacy and nationals’ mentalities.
Rearing in an envy-like environment increases anxiety-like behaviour in mice
Authors: Ueno Hiroshi , Kitano Eriko , Takahashi Yu , Mori Sachiko , Murakami Shinji , Wani Kenta , Matsumoto Yosuke , Okamoto Motoi , Ishihara Takeshi
Published: February 2025

Interest in the societal and psychological harm caused by widespread envy and social comparison is increasing. Envy is associated with anxiety and depression, though the mechanism by which envy affects neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, remains unclear. Clarifying the neurobiological basis of envy’s effects on behaviour and emotion regulation in experimental mice is essential for developing disease-prevention and treatment strategies. As mice recognize other mice in neighbouring cages, this study investigated whether they recognize neighbouring cages housed in environmentally enriched cages and suffer psychological stress due to envy. After being raised in an envy-like environment for 3 weeks, we revealed changes in the behaviour of the mice through a series of behavioural experiments. Mice raised in an envious environment showed increased body weight and anxiety-like behaviour but decreased social behaviour and serum corticosterone levels compared to control mice. Thus, mice recognize their neighbouring cages and experience psychological stress due to envy. This study revealed a part of the scientific basis for why envy increased anxiety. Using this novel experimental breeding environment, it may be possible to create an experimental animal model of anxiety disorders.
Crohn's Disease
Authors: Meducator The , Deng Florence , Khattra Ruhani
Published: February 2025

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that falls under the umbrella of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A 2023 impact report estimated that approximately 4.1 in 1000 Canadians live with CD. CD is characterized by discontinuous and patchy ‘skip lesions’ and transmural inflammation. The former may impact any part of the GI tract from the mouth to the anus, while the latter extends across the entire thickness of the bowel wall. Symptoms are variable and may include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss, among other potential complications. Patients with CD experience a poorer quality of life due to unpredictable bouts of remission, relapse, and no known cure.
An Evaluation of a Novel Method for the Detection of Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Meducator The , Puusaari Morgan , Shen David
Published: February 2025

Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of individuals worldwide. However, current diagnostic tools are limited to the clinical assessment of overt symptoms, after PD has already progressed into the clinical stage. A novel PD testing method, α-synuclein seed amplification assay (αsyn-SAA), may revolutionize the testing by allowing clinicians to detect PD before symptoms arise. The α-synuclein protein abundant in pre-synapse is typically involved in the release of dopamine. However, in the development of PD, αsyn proteins become misfolded and infect their pathogenic conformations to other αsyn proteins through the prion-like process of seeding. αsyn-SAA testing identified PD progression by amplifying and measuring the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein proteins in an individual’s cerebrospinal fluid. This critical review aims to appraise the mechanisms of αsyn-SAA testing, exploring its benefits and drawbacks. Notably, αsyn-SAA has been found to have over 90% sensitivity to PD and other synucleinopathies, while being able to distinguish between PD patients and healthy subjects with a high degree of accuracy. However, there are notable limitations and future longitudinal studies are necessary to optimize the specificity of αsyn-SAA testing.
The Applications of Zynteglo in Treating Transfusion Dependent Beta-Thalassemia
Authors: Meducator The , Duan Cynthia , Grignano Veronica
Published: February 2025

Beta-thalassemia is a hereditary blood disorder, with one of the most severe forms being transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT). Zynteglo is a cell-based gene therapy that seeks to provide an alternative for routine blood transfusions required in the treatment of TDT. The manufacturing process of Zynteglo begins with the collection and modification of a patient’s hematopoietic stem cells. Functional copies of the beta-globin gene are then introduced to restore normal hemoglobin production. In clinical trials, Zynteglo has demonstrated its effectiveness as a treatment for TDT, with an assessment report led by Northwestern University 78.6% of American patients achieving complete transfusion independence. However, staggering costs, accessibility issues, and safety concerns hinder the acceptance of the drug in major regions of the world. Future considerations must address the risks and barriers associated with the treatment process to foster greater accessibility.
An analysis of witness protection to victims of sexual offence
Authors: Sayyed Hifajatali , Kaushik Kriti
Published: February 2025

Sexual Offences are often committed in secluded places. So, in such cases only the victim who is the eye witness plays a pivotal role. The victims of rape are threatened for life or influenced to wangle inanimate justice. This violates the principle of fair trial which is most basic principle in criminal law. Thus, in order to uphold the fair trial, it is necessary to provide witness protection to victims of sexual offence. This paper will deal with the idea of witness protection to victims of sexual offence in order to uphold the principle of fair trial. It will focus upon the legislative aspects of witness protection in cases of offence of rape and sexual harassment and it will also focus upon the judicial perspective for witness protection. It will analyse various case laws where Supreme Court has given elaborate guidelines for witness protection. This paper also focuses upon justifying principle of natural justice in cases of sexual offences by providing witness protection.
Disciplina, moral e lógica punitivo-penal: a institucionalização da escola brasileira no século XIX
Authors: SCHEINVAR E. , LOBO L. S. , ANEY J. T. S.
Published: February 2025

This article is the result of a research project that analyzes the punitive-penal structure of schooling in Brazil since its implementation as a public policy in the 19th century. From a genealogical perspective, we investigated documents in historical archives that define, in the process of institutionalizing the school, punitive forms that speak of the transition from torture to disciplinarization/judicialization. The bibliographical research focused on the liberal government strategies that, in the midst of slave relations, structured the school in Brazil as a state policy. We highlight its role in consolidating a new governmental model, whose mode of existence is sustained by the proliferation and naturalization of the legal norm, and its permanence in the moral and punitive perspectives of pedagogical relations in the 21st century.
Underlying conflicts between Vladimir Herzog and Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes? Different views on Brazilian cinema during the 1960s
Authors: BORRMANN R. , LUDMER L. C. B. , AGUIAR A.
Published: February 2025

From an intellectual historical perspective, this essay analyzes the political-ideological disputes behind different projects for Brazilian cinema in the 1960s, focusing on two key figures: Paulo Emílio Salles Gomes and Vladimir Herzog. Salles Gomes, a renowned film critic and leader of the Cinemateca Brasileira and Brazil’s first undergraduate film course in Brasília, is often depicted as an undisputed supporter of Cinema Novo and a mentor to younger generations. Herzog, initially a volunteer at the Cinemateca in the late 1950s, developed critical ideas on filmmaking, but his contributions remain overshadowed by his tragic murder by the Brazilian Military Regime in 1975. This essay examines Herzog’s critique of Brazilian cinema in the 1960s, hypothesizing that his statements challenged the industrial vision for Brazilian cinema supported by Salles Gomes, even as Cinema Novo gained prominence. Through a discourse analysis of newspaper articles by both intellectuals (1956–1969) and Herzog’s selected correspondence with friends, this essay explores intellectual exchanges that reveal the disputed and multifaceted nature of institutional projects. It argues that no cultural or institutional vision is monolithic; instead, they are shaped by overlooked dimensions and internal conflicts. This essay offers a new perspective on Brazilian film cultural and institutional history.
WYKORZYSTANIE DROŻDŻY PROBIOTYCZNYCH SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE VAR. BOULARDII DO REFERMENTACJI PIWA PSZENICZNEGO
Authors: STACHOWIAK BARBARA , ZIEMBIKIEWICZ KACPER , KACZMAREK ANNA
Published: February 2025

Background. Beer refermentation is a preservation method that involves additional fermentation in a closed container. The condition for refermentation is the presence of fermentable sugars. The process is initiated by brewer's yeast, which is present in beer or added intentionally to it. During refermentation, yeast uses sugars, producing alcohol, and CO2, and at the same time, oxygen, which is responsible for adverse oxidation changes, is consumed. The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii CNCM I-745 (S. boulardii) yeast for wheat beer refermentation. Beer was produced using WB-06 yeast, which was then separated by microfiltration. The obtained base beer was poured into bottles and inoculated with S. boulardii at three levels: 0.1 %, 0.5 %, 1 %. Glucose was used as substrate for refermentation. The refermentation of test beers prepared in the aforesaid manner was carried out for 12 days at 22 ℃, and subsequently, the beers were placed in a cold room for 90 days. Beers without glucose were control. During the refermentation and storage of beers, S. boulardii number and physicochemical parameters (alcohol, apparent and real extract, pH, color, bitterness, reducing sugars) were controlled. Results and conclusions. The results achieved indicate that refermentation of wheat beer with S. boulardii allows to obtain a product with physicochemical parameters typical of the style. Moreover, the use of this yeast in the refermentation process made it possible to obtain a product having probiotic characteristics. It was demonstrated that the best beer variant in terms of the survival of S. boulardii was B-0.1, i.e. beer inoculated with 0.1 % yeast inoculum and a glucose addition. In this beer, the yeast number remained stable (5.8 ÷ 5.9 log cell/cm3) from the 7th day of refermentation to the 90th day of cold storage.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE COURSE OF PROTEOLYTIC PROCESSES IN BRYNZA WITH REDUCED COMMON SALT CONTENT
Authors: TSIZH BOHDAN , SKULSKA INNA , TSISARYK ORYSIA , SLYVKA NATALYA , MUSIY LUBOV , SLYVKA IRYNA
Published: February 2025

Background. Cheese is the main component of the daily ration of the vast majority of the population as a biologically complete and functional product. Therefore, the formation of its competitive production is one of the most important tasks for solving the country's food security and the successful development of the agrarian sector of the economy. In the world, there is a steady increase in the level of consumption of cheeses, which stimulates an increase in the volume of their production, which, in turn, requires a significant improvement in the quality of cheeses, the creation of new types and innovative technologies, and their scientific substantiation. Salted cheeses are cheeses that are matured and stored in brine – in barrels or containers, where they are tightly packed after forming and filled with a 16 ÷ 20 % solution of common salt. They are made according to the technology of soft, hard or semi-hard cheeses. They have a sharp, salty, sour taste, the dough is rough and brittle. Salted cheeses have no rind and are white in color. Results and conclusions. Six samples of sheep's milk brynza with 20 and 30 % substitution of kitchen common salt with potassium chloride were made. It was found that the substitution does not have a negative influence on the organoleptic and physicochemical indices of the cheese. The use of the Fresh-Q in parallel with 20 and 30 % substitution with potassium chloride has a positive influence on the course of proteolytic processes, which is evidenced by an increase in casein fragments with a lower molecular weight, an increase in the area of absorption of acetonitrile by water-soluble peptides, and an increase in the concentration of free amino groups and free amino acids. This is also accompanied by a corresponding increase in total soluble nitrogen and nitrogen in soluble protein compounds.
OPTYMALIZACJA WARUNKÓW BIOSYNTEZY WYBRANYCH KAROTENOIDÓW PRZEZ DROŻDŻE Z RODZAJU RHODOTORULA
Authors: EWA KULCZYK-MAŁYSA EWA , BOGUSŁAWSKA-WĄS ELŻBIETA
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Carotenoids are a diverse group of pigmented isoprenoid compounds. They are now commercially extracted mainly from plants or by a chemical synthesis, from which 80-90 % of compounds are obtained. However, synthetic carotenoids, if provided in huge amounts, can be harmful to human health, whereas waste generated in their production process poses an environmental risk. An alternative to the equivalent of a chemical synthesis is to use microbial production to obtain carotenoids with a high biological activity, which could be a natural and functional additive in various industries. Therefore, the aim of the study was to optimize the culture conditions and biosynthesis of selected carotenoid fractions by Rhodotorula strains. Yeast culture was developed in 100 cm3 flasks in which 50 cm3 of YPG medium was prepared with constant shaking and access to light. The regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis took into account the influence of the following factors: temperature, pH and a carbon/nitrogen ratio. A spectrophotometric method was used to determine the fraction of carotenoids in terms of quantity and quality. Results and conclusions: The effects of temperature, C/N ratio and pH on the amount of biomass obtained were demonstrated. Changing pH conditions determined significant differences in the determined carotenoid fractions regardless of a strain. Moreover, the application of extreme pH values did not inhibit the growth or synthesis of carotenoids, pointing to the adaptation of Rhodotorula sp. to stressful environmental conditions. A variable increase in biomass of the strains tested was found depending on the culture conditions, which affected the logarithmic growth curve of the yeast. An analysis of the influence of physicochemical factors allowed for the identification of culture conditions favorable for carotenoid production.
THE EFFECT OF MULTI-LEVEL SOAKING IN ATUNG SEED POWDER SOLUTION (PARINARIUM GLABERIMUM, HASSK) AND PACKAGING TYPE ON THE QUALITY OF DRIED SALTED FISH
Authors: PATTIPEILOHY FREDY , MONIHARAPON TRIJUNIANTO , MONIHARAPON DOMEY
Published: February 2025

Background. Salted fish is a fishery product that has a high demand in the food business, in Chinese style food. However, salted fish usually uses synthetic preservatives such as formaldehyde, which have hazardous properties. Thus, a natural preservative should be developed to be a substitute. Atung (Parinarium glaberrimum Hassk.) is a local medicinal plant with potential food preservative potential because of its antibacterial activity. This study aims to determine the effect of multilevel soaking in salt and Atung seed powder solution and type of packaging on the quality of dried salted fish during storage. The fish and squid were soaked in a 10 % (w/v) saline solution for 30 minutes, followed by immersion in 5 % (w/v) Atung solution, and then dried. Results and conclusions. The results showed that products packed in aluminum foil had the lowest water content for each type of fish and squid. The lowest salt content was obtained by yellowfish after six weeks of storage (3.94 %), while scad fish showed the lowest peroxide content after nine weeks of storage (374 mg.eq/kg). The TPCs of dried salted fish and squids were lower than the TPC of unpacked scad fish (4.72 log X). The drying-salting method in this study could maintain the protein content of yellowtail fish and scad fish up to 58.83 % and 58.44 % after nine weeks of storage. Meanwhile, the protein content of dried salted squid varied depending on the storage time and packaging type. The values of the lowest organoleptic (appearance, odor, taste, texture) were different depending on the fish and squid type.
Metabolically active brown adipose tissue in PPGL: an observational cohort study
Authors: Oštarijaš Eduard , Onyema Michael C , Zair Zoulikha , Taylor David R , Lajeunesse-Trempe Fannie , Reynolds Saira , Mullholland Nicola , Corcoran Ben , Halim Mohamed , Drakou Eftychia E , Grossman Ashley B. , Vincent Royce P , Aylwin Simon J B , Dimitriadis Georgios K. , Canecki-Varžić Silvija
Published: February 2025

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity, identifiable through fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET), has gained interest due to its potential link with metabolic disorders and tumour pathophysiology. This study aims to explore the activation of BAT in patients with phaeochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL) and its clinical relevance. This retrospective observational study, conducted in a large academic centre in London, reviewed FDG-PET images of 62 confirmed PPGL patients, collected between 2013 and 2021. We assessed patient demographics, biochemistry, radiological features, mutational status, and outcomes, focusing on activated BAT detection. Of the 62 patients, 13% demonstrated active brown adipose tissue (aBAT) on FDG-PET imaging. Histopathological confirmation of BAT from one patient was used to validate BAT activation observed during imaging. Multivariate analysis indicated that elevated plasma normetanephrine concentrations were directly proportional to aBAT presence, suggesting their strong association with BAT activation. Despite identifying aBAT, no significant differences were found in BMI, sex, age, or mutational status between aBAT-positive and aBAT-negative groups. Kaplan–Meier survival plots assessing overall and progression-free survival did not reach statistical significance. This study underscores the complex interaction between catecholamine excess and BAT activation in patients with PPGLs. The findings suggest that aBAT activity might be an indicator of severe catecholamine excess (especially normetanephrine), potentially influencing patient outcomes. Our study adds to the limited pool of knowledge and offers novel insights into BAT activation in patients with PPGLs, highlighting its potential link with metabolic derangements and patient outcomes.
Pathogenetic therapy of mitral valve prolapse
Authors: Malev E. G. , Reeva S. V. , Omelchenko M. Yu. , Mitrofanova L. B. , Timofeev E. V. , Parfenova N. N. , Luneva E. B.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To evaluate the effect of angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) therapy on the expression of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the myxomatous mitral valve, on the serum levels of TGF-β1/TGF-β2 and the left ventricular (LV) systolic function in patients with mitral valve prolapse (MVP).

Material and methods. The retrospective non-randomized single-center study included 233 patients who underwent surgical treatment of severe mitral regurgitation due to MVP. Preoperative drug therapy was assessed using case records. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed in all patients before surgery. Pathological and immunohistochemical analysis of mitral valve fragments removed during surgery were performed. The serum content of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 was determined by the enzyme immunoassay.

Results. According to echocardiography, mitral valve leaflets were significantly longer and thicker in patients in the control group than in the ARB group. These data were confirmed by pathological study — most patients in the control group had excessive myxomatous mitral valve leaflets (χ2=7,9; p=0,005). In the ARB group, the expression of type III collagen in the mitral valve leaflets was lower compared to the control group and the expression of fibulin-5 did not differ. Also, in the main group, an increased density of valvular interstitial cells was found, including those expressing TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 compared to the control group. The serum level of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 was significantly higher in the control group than in the ARB group.

Despite the absence of differences in LV ejection fraction between the groups, global longitudinal systolic strain and strain rate were significantly higher in the main group.

Conclusion. This is the first study to reveal a positive effect of ARB therapy on myxomatous mitral valve degeneration and LV function due to inhibition of the TGF-β signaling pathway, which opens up potential for pathogenetic therapy in patients with MVP.
Dynapenia and presarcopenia in patients with coronary atherosclerosis: clinical predictors and cardiac structural and functional features
Authors: Neeshpapa A. G. , Karetnikova V. N. , Krivoshapova K. E. , Karpova E. I. , Kokov A. N. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To assess the prevalence of dynapenia, presarcopenia and their relationship with structural and functional parameters of the heart in patients with coronary atherosclerosis.

Material and methods. The study included 136 people with stable types of coronary artery disease (CAD). Hand grip test was performed to measure muscle strength. In women, a decrease in grip strength of <16 kg was a sign of decreased muscle strength, while in men — <27 kg (according to the guidelines of the Writing Group for the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2 of 2019). All patients underwent computed tomography with skeletal muscle index (SMI, cm2/m2) estimation. The threshold values of SMI, a decrease in which was regarded as a decrease in muscle volume, were 52,4 cm2/m2 for men and 38,5 cm2/m2 for women. If patients had an isolated decrease in SMI according to computed tomography, the condition was classified as presarcopenia. With a decrease in muscle strength according to the hand grip test, the condition was classified as dynapenia. All patients underwent echocardiography using a standard technique.

Results. The analysis revealed that individuals with presarcopenia were exclusively male and were taller (175 (168; 179) cm) than those with normal muscle mass (166 (159; 172,5) cm (p=0,001)), but the body mass index in presarcopenia was lower (27,3 (24,4; 30,3) kg/m2 and 29,5 (25,8; 33,1) kg/m2) in individuals without this pathology (p=0,02). When comparing echocardiographic parameters, a lower left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction was found among patients with presarcopenia. The LV end-diastolic volume (EDV), LV end-systolic volume (ESV), LV end-diastolic dimension (EDD), and LV end-systolic dimension (ESD) were greater in the group of patients with presarcopenia compared to other patients (p<0,05). Patients with presarcopenia were more likely to have prior myocardial infarction — 24 patients (68,6%) versus 41 (46,6%) in the group without presarcopenia (p=0,02). Patients with dynapenia differed in the following parameters: they were older (68 (65,6; 71,4) years versus 65 years (63; 67,9) in rest of the sample), mostly women (74,2%) and shorter (164 (159,6; 165,4) cm) compared to individuals without dynapenia (170 (168; 172) cm (p<0,05)). Patients with dynapenia were more likely to have prior type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (p<0,05).

Conclusion. Patients with presarcopenia and CAD more often have prior myocardial infarction and larger LV size and volume. Patients with dynapenia and coronary atherosclerosis are more often female, have shorter stature, and more often had chronic kidney disease and diabetes.
Analysis of risk factors for aortic stenosis in patients with familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Korneva V. A. , Kuznetsova T. Yu.
Published: February 2025

Aim. To analyze factors influencing the development of aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (heFH).

Material and methods. A total of 114 patients with heFH were examined (mean age 54,3±2,7 years, 85 men (69,1%)), of whom 10 (8,8%) had AS. FH was diagnosed according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. Lipid profile parameters, lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) level, age, family history of cardiovascular disease, smoking, hypertension (AH), hyperglycemia were analyzed. The history of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and ischemic stroke was taken into account. Cumulative levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and non-HDL cholesterol were calculated as the total LDL-C over the patient's life, taking into account the levels achieved during lipid-lowering therapy.

Results. AS development was influenced by age (odds ratio (OR) 1,1 [1,02; 1,15], p=0,009), HTN (OR 8,15 [1,50; 44,08], p=0,017), lipid profile parameters: total cholesterol (OR 2,09 [1,38; 3,10], p=0,0006; LDL-C (OR 2,8 [1,59; 4,79], p=0,0004), non-HDL-C (OR 1,012 [1,005; 1,019], p=0,003), triglycerides (OR 1,97 [1,33; 2,87], p=0,0007). Cumulative indicators also influenced the risk of AS: cumulative LDL accumulated over the years of life (OR 2,13 [1,31; 3,54], p=0,003), cumulative non-HDL-C level accumulated over life (OR 1,56 [1,01; 2,18], p=0,013), Lp(a) level (AS risk increases by 10,6 times with an increase in Lp(a) by 1 unit of measurement (1 g/l) (OR 10,5 [5,0; 21,9], p=0,0017). The presence of CAD and MI in FH increases the risk of AS (for CAD, OR 8,62 [1,07; 69,113], p=0,044; for MI, OR 3,93 [1,08; 14,36], p=0,034). The combination of MI and cerebrovascular accident increases the risk of AS by 4,94 (OR 4,94 [1,23; 19,62], p=0,021). Tendon xanthomas significantly affects the AS (OR 50,2 [6,03; 413,00], p<0,001).

Conclusion. AS detected at a young age can be a manifestation of FH. The development of AS in FH is influenced by age and HTN, and following lipid factors: total cholesterol, LDL, triglycerides, as well as Lp(a) levels and cumulative indicators.
Hypertriglyceridemia — current status of the problem. Part I: risks, physiology and pathophysiological aspects, classification and diagnostic problems
Authors: Semenkin A. A. , Meshkov A. N. , Yezhov M. V.
Published: February 2025

Numerous studies demonstrate an independent relationship between an increase in the blood content of triglyceride-rich particles and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases and acute pancreatitis. This review article presents in detail aspects of the pathogenesis of various types of primary and most relevant secondary hypertriglyceridemias (HTGs). Classifications are provided depending on the etiology, phenotype of dyslipidemia and severity. Approaches to HTG diagnosis are described. Special attention is paid to the potential of HTG therapy.
Role of 99mTc-pyrophosphate myocardial scintigraphy in assessing the efficiency of tafamidis therapy: a case series
Authors: Shoshina A. A. , Ansheles A. A. , Nasonova S. N. , Zhirov I. V. , Sergienko V. B. , Tereshchenko S. N.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. In recent years, the detection rate of transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy has been rapidly increasing. The only drug registered as a pathogenetic therapy in Russia is tafamidis. To date, there is no single protocol for assessing disease progression, and the role of scintigraphy with phosphate complexes is not reflected in current documents due to the lack of evidence.

Brief description. The article presents a case series including patients who received tafamidis therapy for at least 12 months. During therapy, there were no signs of disease progression, and in some cases, according to myocardial scintigraphy with phosphate complexes, a decrease in radiopharmaceutical uptake was noted.

Discussion. The role of myocardial scintigraphy with phosphate complexes for monitoring the effectiveness of tafamidis therapy was discussed.
Efficacy of buffered and enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid on platelet aggregation in patients with stable coronary artery disease and type 2 diabetes (CASCADE): rationale and design of a single-center observational comparative study
Authors: Kobalava Zh. D. , Pisaryuk A. S. , Filkova A. A. , Tukhsanboev E. S. , Amirova A. N. , Korneichuk A. D. , Pavlikov G. S. , Burkhanova L. R. , Meray I. A. , Panteleev M. A. , Sveshnikova A. N.
Published: February 2025

Aim. Enteric-coated acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) is released more slowly and is absorbed in smaller quantities and over a longer period of time, which may lead to bioavailability and antiplatelet effect decrease compared to conventional ASA. Patients with diabetes are characterized by increased platelet reactivity and a reduced pharmacodynamic response to ASA compared to individuals without diabetes. It seems rational to test the hypothesis that the use of ASA absorbed in the stomach may be more effective in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and stable coronary artery disease (CAD).

Material and methods. This single-center, non-interventional comparative study will randomly select 200 adult patients of both sexes with stable CAD and T2D who were routinely prescribed a gastro-soluble ASA (Cardiomagnyl 75 mg/day) or an enteric-soluble ASA (Aspirin® Cardio 100 mg/day or Thrombo ASS® 100 mg/day) before inclusion in the study. According to the routinely prescribed therapy, patients will be divided into 2 following groups: patients taking Cardiomagnyl 75 mg/day and patients taking Aspirin® Cardio 100 mg/day or Thrombo ASS® 100 mg/day. The primary endpoint is the incidence of high residual platelet reactivity (HRPR) while taking ASA (resistance to ASA) according to the VerifyNow Aspirin Test.

Conclusion. CASCADE is the first study to evaluate the HRPR using the VerifyNow Aspirin Test in patients with stable CAD and T2D.
A fatigue lifetime prediction model applicable to porous sintered Ag nanoparticles
Authors: Zhang Zhongqing , Fu Guicui , Wan Bo , Su Yutai
Published: February 2025

Sintered silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in the electronic packaging of high-power chips, yet their random internal porous structure is prone to fatigue degradation. In this study, a new cyclic cohesive zone model (CCZM) is proposed for predicting the fatigue lifetime of sintered AgNPs. This model not only considers the cumulative effect of damage slip during cyclic loading but also realizes simultaneous stiffness and strength fatigue degradation under low-stress loading. In addition, to improve the usability of the model, a low-cost estimation method of the model’s key parameters and the corresponding VUMAT user subroutines are proposed. Based on this, cyclic tensile tests on Sintered specimens confirm the occurrence of damage slip within the porous AgNPs structure. The predictive performance of the model and the sensitivity of its characteristic parameters are also thoroughly analyzed and discussed. The new CCZM provides a solution that balances modeling complexity and engineering convenience for the reliability assessment of porous structures.
Convolutional Neural Network - Gated Recurrent Unit combined with Error Correction for Lithium Battery State of Health Estimation
Authors: Luo Xing , Bu Wenxie , Liang Han , Zheng Minggang
Published: February 2025

To accurately estimate the State of Health (SOH) of lithium-ion batteries, this study proposes a novel approach combining a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and a Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) with an error correction mechanism. By extracting health features from partial charging data, this method reduces dependence on complete charge-discharge cycles, addressing challenges like long data acquisition times and high costs. The CNN captures local features of battery degradation, while the GRU models aging dynamics to provide an initial SOH estimate. An error correction strategy using Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) and Markov Chain (MC) further refines the results. GPR models nonlinear relationships to optimize predictions, and MC adjusts error distributions dynamically. Experiments on the University of Maryland dataset demonstrate that this method achieves lower Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) than benchmark techniques, proving its accuracy and robustness.
La “intuición fundamental” en la atribución de sentido a la conciencia de la civilización americana dentro del pensamiento de Antenor Orrego
Authors: Yalán Dongo Eduardo Enrique
Published: February 2025

The present article aims to analyze the role of the "fundamental intuition" in attributing meaning to the consciousness of American civilization within the thought of Antenor Orrego in the first half of the 20th century. We identify Antenor Orrego as a philosopher who exemplified an aesthetic philosophy of spiritualist character, while embracing a materialist political realization. To this end, the article examines the early 20th century Peruvian intellectual context from which Orrego develops a philosophical framework centered on the cultural and political identity of Latin America, and through which he proposes an ontology that articulates social emancipation with a profound spiritual dimension. Although some specialized literature portrays Orrego's philosophy as irrationalist, anti-scientific, identitarian, and mystical, this article seeks to offer a more nuanced understanding of his work by exploring two key concepts that challenge this depiction: depth and expression. It is argued that Orrego's fundamental intuition transcends irrationalist identitarianism, proposing instead a logic of multiple meanings, where the spiritual and the material are integrated into a political praxis that connects the aesthetic with the socio-historical. The article advocates for a re reading of Orrego as a philosopher of expression and Latin American becoming.
Cutting Sports and Cutting Corners: The Effect of COVID-19 Sport Cuts on Title IX Compliance
Authors: Hallahan Katherine E. , Osborne Barbara
Published: February 2025

College sports changed in March 2020 due to the fiscal impact of multiple seasons of lost revenue and increased health and safety costs created in part by a global pandemic. In the year following, NCAA institutions often looked to eliminating sponsorship of athletic teams to cut costs during a time of such financial instability. This article examines the impact of sport cuts during the COVID-19 pandemic on equity in participation opportunities, ultimately noting whether each institution that eliminated sports would likely be compliant with Title IX. Title IX was passed more than 50 years ago, and many colleges and universities are still non-compliant in providing equitable participation opportunities. College athletics is currently in a period of rapid change and fiscal uncertainty; this research provides a reminder and a road map for institutions to make programming decisions that will be compliant with Title IX in the future.
Assessing the efficacy of regional anesthesia in reducing intraoperative blood loss during hysterectomy
Authors: Alamed Mohammad Shakil , Moral M. Salim , Alam M. Hassnul , Siddique Abul Bashar M. , Taher Abu , Harun-Ur-Rashid M.
Published: February 2025

Background: Hysterectomy, a common gynecological procedure, often involves significant blood loss, making the choice of anesthesia crucial. This study examines the impact of regional versus general anesthesia on intraoperative blood loss and associated complications. To assess the efficacy of regional anesthesia in minimizing intraoperative blood loss and improving postoperative outcomes in hysterectomy patients.
Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, and Intensive Care Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2022 to June 2023. A total of 142 patients undergoing elective hysterectomy were included, with 71 receiving regional anesthesia and 71 receiving general anesthesia. Data on intraoperative blood loss, transfusion rates, and postoperative complications were analyzed.
Results: Patients in the regional anesthesia group experienced significantly lower mean blood loss (410±65 ml) compared to the general anesthesia group (520±75 ml) (p<0.01). Transfusion was required for 17% of regional anesthesia patients versus 31% of those under general anesthesia (p=0.02). Postoperative nausea and vomiting were less frequent in the regional anesthesia group (7% vs 17%, p=0.03).
Conclusion: Regional anesthesia significantly reduces intraoperative blood loss, transfusion needs, and postoperative complications during hysterectomy, promoting better surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. These findings advocate for the wider adoption of regional anesthesia in elective hysterectomy.
Co-relation between total cholesterol, high density lipid, low density lipid and glycosylated haemoglobin in diabetic patients with severity of acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Arshad M. , Gautam Shri K. , Giri Richa , Sachan Mohit
Published: February 2025

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of illness and death worldwide. Diabetic patients with dyslipidaemia are at increased risk for coronary artery disease, often manifesting as acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which can be life-threatening. This study aims to correlate lipid profiles (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL)) and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with ACS severity (single versus multi-vessel disease) and examine how the duration of diabetes influences ACS severity.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved diabetic patients aged 30 and above who presented with their first ACS episode in the Emergency Department and underwent coronary angiography. Blood samples were collected for HbA1c and lipid profile assessments. Exclusion criteria included known coronary artery disease, current use of hypolipidemic drugs, and conditions that could confound lipid results.
Results: Patients with multi-vessel disease (MVD) had higher mean HbA1c (9.06±1.34) compared to those with single-vessel disease (SVD) (7.86±0.87). The MVD group also had higher total cholesterol (213.17±30.78 mg/dl) and LDL (143.60±27.79 mg/dl) levels compared to the SVD group (183.96±34.33 mg/dl, 107.66±27.23 mg/dl). HDL levels were lower in the MVD group (31.29±9.92 mg/dl) compared to the SVD group (45.16±14.46 mg/dl). Diabetes lasting more than 10 years was associated with a higher incidence of MVD (44%).
Conclusions: Early detection and effective management of diabetes, including glycemic control and lipid regulation, can reduce the severity and incidence of ACS in diabetic patients.
Prevalence of Burkholderia cepacia recovered from clinical specimens at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kumar Amit , Gupta Shilpi , Saban Prachi
Published: February 2025

Background: One of the multiple intrinsically resistant bacteria that cause opportunistic illnesses is Burkholderia cepacia. The distribution of B. cepacia isolates according to clinical specimen categories, hospital wards, patient gender and age, and antibiotic susceptibility assessment were the main objectives of the study.
Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in department of microbiology at SAIMS Indore M. P. from May 2024 to June 2024. Relevant samples for e. g., blood, urine, sputum, body fluids, pus were collected as per institution collection protocol from inpatient and outpatient department.
Results: A total of 4875 clinical samples received for culture, 1738 samples were found positive of which 100 (2.015%) B. cepacia were isolated from various clinical samples (Table 1 and Figure 4). The majority of the 100 B. cepacia isolates were isolated from blood and respiratory samples (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage, pleural fluid), followed by pus and urine samples, which accounted for 80 (80%), 12 (12%), 7 (7%) and 1 (1%) isolate, respectively.
Conclusions: B. cepacia is emerging cause of various clinical manifestations including septicemia with multi drug resistance that need to be treated quickly and effectively.
A comprehensive evaluation of the effectiveness of basic life support training among health care professionals
Authors: Garapati Supriya , Taranikanti Madhuri , Dhanalakshmi Kalyani S. , Yadav Kishore , Vemuri Mahesh Babu , Katta Roja Reddy
Published: February 2025

Background: Basic life support (BLS) is an essential intervention requiring healthcare providers to possess adequate knowledge and practical skills. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of structured BLS training in improving the knowledge and skill proficiency of medical students, residents and nursing staff, emphasizing high-quality chest compressions.
Methods: A total of 250 participants from a tertiary care teaching hospital underwent a structured BLS training program, including a theoretical session via a PowerPoint presentation and hands-on practice with high-fidelity manikins. Knowledge levels were assessed before and after training using a validated questionnaire, while skills were evaluated through the Direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS) method post-training. Participant satisfaction was measured using a 5-point Likert scale.
Results: Knowledge scores significantly improved, with median scores increasing from 12 to 14 for residents and nursing staff and from 8 to 14 for students. The mean DOPS skill score was 8.66±1.07 and skill retention rose to 70% following the training, indicating enhanced competency.
Conclusions: The study demonstrated that structured BLS training effectively enhances both theoretical knowledge and practical skills, ensuring better preparedness for emergency situations.
Transfusion associated graft versus host disease following whole blood transfusion: an unusual case of expanded dengue syndrome
Authors: Misra Krushna Chandra , Kumar Garipalli Srinivas Nikilesh , Munta Kartik , Hariprasad A. , D. Shiva Kumar G.
Published: February 2025

Dengue infection presents in a diverse array of manifestations, including dengue fever (DF), dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS).  To include cases that do not fit the criteria for either DHF or DSS and show atypical manifestations across multiple organ systems, world health organization (WHO) coined the term expanded dengue syndrome (EDS). A 47-yr-old female presented with fever, chills, blanchable rash, itching and burning sensation all over body with skin peeling over the last 5 days. In the outside hospital, she developed melena and thrombocytopenia, for which she received 1unit packed red blood cells, 1 unit of single donor platelets from her brother. After 1 week she developed above symptoms and was referred to us for pancytopenia. On evaluation her platelets, leucocyte count was low with normal Hb levels. The bone marrow biopsy revealed a hypoplastic marrow accompanied by significant proliferation of pre-progenitor megakaryocytes. She had mild transaminitis, without hyperbilirubinemias. Blood culture grew candida spp, Enterococcus faecium. She received appropriate antibiotics along G-CSF. Skin biopsy revealed basal vacuolation, spongiosis in epidermis, necrotic epidermis, apoptotic keratinocytes scattered in intact epidermis suggestive of acute GVHD Gr-Ⅲ. Consequently, she was commenced on pulsed steroid regimen followed by maintenance dose. Within a week, her clinical condition improved and was discharged on tapering dose of steroids. The existence of donor-derived cells or DNA in the recipient's blood or afflicted tissues must be documented to make conclusive diagnosis of TA-GVHD.