bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Effleurage Massage Abdomen Terhadap Penurunan Nyeri Haid Primer Pada Remaja Putri
Authors: Nabila Wahyu  , Nitaya Putri  , Wahyu Afrianti
Published: June 2023

Latar belakang : Nyeri haid adalah nyeri yang bersifat kram dan terpusat pada perut bagian bawah yang terjadi selama menstruasi sehingga bisa mengganggu aktivitas fisik. Faktor etiologi nyeri haid adalah faktor endometrium, kelainan organik, faktor kejiwaan, faktor dari konstitusi, dan faktor dari konstitusi. Tujuan : untuk mengetahui pengaruh effleurage massage abdomen terhadap penurunan nyeri haid primer pada remaja putri. Metode : one group with control pre-test and post-test.  Hasil : Hasil uji beda QVAS sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan p=0,000 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan : ada pengaruh effleurage massage abdomen terhadap penurunan nyeri haid.

 

Kata kunci : nyeri haid, effleurage massage abdomen, nyeri
Corporate Identity and Spatial Fiction in Service Building Design: Kars Land Registry and Cadastre Directorate Service Building Sample
Authors: ÇELİK Tuğçe
Published: June 2023

Public spaces, which are accessible spaces that are formed according to the needs and wishes of the people, managed and controlled by a government agency, are the common space. Public responsibility in the axis of service buildings, which takes place in the collective memories of the users, ensures social sustainability. Corporate identity and institutional needs shape the architecture in these buildings. Land Registry and Cadastre Directorate Service Buildings should be public, accessible buildings that contain office areas and serve the public, where property information in the land registry and cadastre archives is stored. The scope of this study is to describe the design and planning process of the Kars Land Registry and Cadastre Office Building together with its corporate identity and spatial organization. The study focuses on the architectural design process. The aim of this study, which deals with this process together with the requirements that shape the design and provide functionality, is to determine the basic qualities and needs for similar public service buildings, and to share the experience of the building design process. It is expected that the study will help in the creation of a needs program, and will be a source for space setup and organization.
Esneklik ve Değişebilirlik Kavramlarının Toplu Konut İç Mekan Tasarımlarına Etkisi
Authors: SÜVARİ Anıl , ÇELİKTEPE Safiye
Published: June 2023

Konutlar günümüze kadar, barınma, yemek yeme, dinlenme gibi temel ihtiyaçların karşılandığı mekânlar olarak kullanılmıştır. 2019 yılında çıkan Covid-19 pandemisi ile birlikte yaşamın her alanında olduğu gibi konutlarda da zorunlu değişimler meydana gelmiştir. Yaşanan pandemi süreci ile sosyal yaşamda ortaya çıkan kısıtlamalar konutlara da ofis, derslik ve etkinlik alanları gibi yeni ek fonksiyonlar eklenmesini zorunlu kılmıştır. Yaşanan bu süreçte konut tasarımlarının değişen anlık durum ve olaylara hızlı cevap verebilecek şekilde tasarlanmış olmaları önem kazanmıştır. Günümüzde konut tasarımlarında günün şartlarına ve ihtiyaçlarına cevap verebilecek şekilde düzenlemeler yapılmaktadır. Esneklik ve değişebilirlik kavramlarının tasarım sürecine dâhil edilmesi ile kullanıcı odaklı tasarımlar yapılmaktadır. Bu tasarımlar, mekânların farklı kullanıcılar tarafından, değişen durumlar karşısında aktif olarak kullanılmasını olanaklı kılmaktadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında toplu konutlarda esneklik ve değişebilirlik kavramları üzerine bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın yöntemi durum çalışmasıdır. Çalışma kapsamında Avrupa’ dan belli kısıtlılıklara göre seçilen üç toplu konut örneği esneklik ve değişebilirlik açısından geliştirilen kullanıcı-mekân ilişkisi ve mekânsal organizasyon ölçekleri kapsamında incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuç bölümünde bulgulara dayanarak konutlarda hareketli panellerin kullanımı, yapıya eklenebilen modüllerin geliştirilmesi ve mekânda ıslak hacimlerin konumlandırılmasının önemli olduğu sonuçlarına ulaşılmıştır.
Cronicidad, calidad de vida y envejecimiento. Perspectivas científicas de enfermería
Authors: Gutiérrez-Sánchez Gustavo
Published: June 2023

Las enfermedades crónico degenerativas afectan se encuentran presentes en diferentes etapas de la vida y se acentúan en la vejez. En este libro encontrará investigaciones realizadas por profesionales de Enfermería en diferentes contextos, donde se ha profundizado en fenómenos relacionados con la diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y 2, variables psicológicas ante la terapia de reemplazo renal y análisis de la calidad de vida en adultos mayores con y sin enfermedades crónicas. Este libro contiene diez capítulos resultados de investigación que puede ser base para otros estudios y para tomar decisiones en las intervenciones de Enfermería. Se trata de una obra con metodología científica y clara que contribuye en la generación de conocimientos para profesionales de la salud interesados en población con enfermedad crónica degenerativa y personas adultas mayores.
Towards Settler Responsibility in Conservation
Authors: Stein Sharon , Ahenakew Cash , Oliveira da Silva Huni Kui Shyrlene , Bowness Evan , Mendes Wilson , Evans Steve
Published: June 2023

This conceptual paper reviews recent efforts to confront colonialism in conservation, with an emphasis on the challenges and complexities that have emerged among settler organizations engaged in this work. We consider recent academic and grey literature in the field in order to map different approaches to conservation, including the emerging interface of Indigenous and western approaches. We also map different approaches to Indigenous engagement undertaken by settler conservation organizations, including representation, recognition, redistribution, and reparation. We suggest that regardless of their approach, in order to create the conditions for truly reciprocal collaborations with Indigenous Nations, settler conservation organizations would need to accept their responsibilities to interrupt and redress western conservation’s colonial foundations, support Indigenous sovereignty, rights, and resurgence (including by supporting Indigenous approaches to conservation), and commit to the difficult, long-haul work of reorienting their approach to relationships away from patterns of paternalism and extraction toward trust, respect, reciprocity, consent, and accountability.
Experimentally induced active and quiet sleep engage non-overlapping transcriptomes in Drosophila
Authors: Anthoney Niki , Tainton-Heap Lucy A.L. , Luong Hang , Notaras Eleni , Zhao Qiongyi , Perry Trent , Batterham Philip , Shaw Paul J. , van Swinderen Bruno
Published: June 2023

Sleep in mammals is broadly classified into two different categories: rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and slow wave sleep (SWS), and accordingly REM and SWS are thought to achieve a different set of functions. The fruit fly
Drosophila melanogaster
is increasingly being used as a model to understand sleep functions, although it remains unclear if the fly brain also engages in different kinds of sleep as well. Here, we compare two commonly used approaches for studying sleep experimentally in
Drosophila
: optogenetic activation of sleep-promoting neurons and provision of a sleep-promoting drug, Gaboxadol. We find that these different sleep-induction methods have similar effects on increasing sleep duration, but divergent effects on brain activity. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that drug-induced deep sleep (‘quiet’ sleep) mostly downregulates metabolism genes, whereas optogenetic ‘active’ sleep upregulates a wide range of genes relevant to normal waking functions. This suggests that optogenetics and pharmacological induction of sleep in
Drosophila
promote different features of sleep, which engage different sets of genes to achieve their respective functions.
Antifouling polymeric nanocomposite membrane based on interfacial polymerization of polyamide enhanced with green TiO2nanoparticles for water desalination
Authors: Abu-Dalo Muna A. , Bozeya Ayat , Sawalmeh Zaid , Albiss Borhan , Alnairat Nour , Abu-Zurayk Rund
Published: June 2023

In the present investigation, the preparation and characterization of polyamide/TiO2as thin film nanocomposites (TFN) for brackish water desalination was investigated. TiO2nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by a green method using thyme plant extract as a reducing and capping agent. The TiO2NPs was successfully prepared in pure crystalline anatase phase with 15 nm size, and −33.1 mV zeta potential. The antimicrobial tests confirmed the antimicrobial activity of TiO2against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. In addition, TiO2NPs showed a good photocatalytic activity in degradation of methylene blue dye. TFN based on interfacial polymerization was enhanced by embedding 5% of the greenly synthesized TiO2NPs within the polyamide thin film active layer. The incorporation of TiO2NPs was confirmed by SEM, atomic force microscope (AFM), surface wettability, and FTIR. Membranes performance was investigated based on flux, salt rejection and fouling resistance. The antifouling was examined using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as protein fouling by dead-end cell filtration system at 2 bar. The results showed the TFN increased in water flux by 40.9% and a slight decrease in NaCl rejection (6.3%) was observed, with enhancement in antifouling properties. The flux recovery rate of the modified TFN membranes after fouling with BSA solution was enhanced by 21.5% (from 61.7% for TFC to 83.2% for TFN). Also, they demonstrated remarkable anti-biofouling behavior against both bacterial strains.
A new parallel multi-objective Harris hawk algorithm for predicting the mortality of COVID-19 patients
Authors: Dokeroglu Tansel
Published: June 2023

Harris’ Hawk Optimization (HHO) is a novel metaheuristic inspired by the collective hunting behaviors of hawks. This technique employs the flight patterns of hawks to produce (near)-optimal solutions, enhanced with feature selection, for challenging classification problems. In this study, we propose a new parallel multi-objective HHO algorithm for predicting the mortality risk of COVID-19 patients based on their symptoms. There are two objectives in this optimization problem: to reduce the number of features while increasing the accuracy of the predictions. We conduct comprehensive experiments on a recent real-world COVID-19 dataset from Kaggle. An augmented version of the COVID-19 dataset is also generated and experimentally shown to improve the quality of the solutions. Significant improvements are observed compared to existing state-of-the-art metaheuristic wrapper algorithms. We report better classification results with feature selection than when using the entire set of features. During experiments, a 98.15% prediction accuracy with a 45% reduction is achieved in the number of features. We successfully obtained new best solutions for this COVID-19 dataset.
Integration of statistical shape modeling and alternating interpolation-based model tracking technique for measuring knee kinematics in vivo using clinical interleaved bi-plane fluoroscopy
Authors: Lu Hsuan-Yu , Lin Cheng-Chung , Shih Kao-Shang , Lu Tung-Wu , Kuo Mei-Ying , Li Song-Ying , Hsu Horng-Chaung
Published: June 2023

Background

A 2D fluoroscopy/3D model-based registration with statistical shape modeling (SSM)-reconstructed subject-specific bone models will help reduce radiation exposure for 3D kinematic measurements of the knee using clinical alternating bi-plane fluoroscopy systems. The current study aimed to develop such an approach and evaluate in vivo its accuracy and identify the effects of the accuracy of SSM models on the kinematic measurements.

Methods

An alternating interpolation-based model tracking (AIMT) approach with SSM-reconstructed subject-specific bone models was used for measuring 3D knee kinematics from dynamic alternating bi-plane fluoroscopy images. A two-phase optimization scheme was used to reconstruct subject-specific knee models from a CT-based SSM database of 60 knees using one, two, or three pairs of fluoroscopy images. Using the CT-reconstructed model as a benchmark, the performance of the AIMT with SSM-reconstructed models in measuring bone and joint kinematics during dynamic activity was evaluated in terms of mean target registration errors (mmTRE) for registered bone poses and the mean absolute differences (MAD) for each motion component of the joint poses.

Results

The mmTRE of the femur and tibia for one image pair were significantly greater than those for two and three image pairs without significant differences between two and three image pairs. The MAD was 1.16 to 1.22° for rotations and 1.18 to 1.22 mm for translations using one image pair. The corresponding values for two and three image pairs were 0.75 to 0.89° and 0.75 to 0.79 mm; and 0.57 to 0.79° and 0.6 to 0.69 mm, respectively. The MAD values for one image pair were significantly greater than those for two and three image pairs without significant differences between two and three image pairs.

Conclusions

An AIMT approach with SSM-reconstructed models was developed, enabling the registration of interleaved fluoroscopy images and SSM-reconstructed models from more than one asynchronous fluoroscopy image pair. This new approach had sub-millimeter and sub-degree measurement accuracy when using more than one image pair, comparable to the accuracy of CT-based methods. This approach will be helpful for future kinematic measurements of the knee with reduced radiation exposure using 3D fluoroscopy with clinically alternating bi-plane fluoroscopy systems.
WHEN PERSIA MEETS THE CAUCUSES THROUGH POETRY”: ASHRAF OF GILAN’S ALLUSION TO MIRZA ALAKBAR SABIR DURING THE IRANIAN CONSTITUTIONAL ERA
Authors: SHAHIDITABAR Mostafa
Published: June 2023

Mirza Alakbar Sabir was one of the pivotal literary figures during the
Iranian Constitutional revolution in 1907 and the unsuccessful revolution of
1905 in Russian, which affected the Caucuses. He was a role model of many
poets of his time including some great Persian poets. In this article, T.S.
Eliot’s famous stance towards borrowing from other poets “Immature poets
imitate; mature poets steal” has been adopted as the basis of our survey of
some of the borrowings of one of the Persian political poets during the
Iranian Constitutional revolution namely Ashraf to see if he has allusions to
Mirza Alakbar Sabir. The results of the paper show that Ashraf’s poem is a
pastiche of Sabir’s style. He is the translator of Sabir, but he makes some
alternations of detail, arrangement, and number of lines tending to play down
the presence of Sabir in his work remaining “auditory imagination”.
TÜRKMEN TÜRKÇESİNDE YÖNELME HÂLİ EKİNİN “+yA” ŞEKLİ
Authors: DİNÇ Sinan , AKYÜZ Mine
Published: June 2023

Türkmen Türkçesi, Oğuz öbeği Türk lehçelerinin doğu kolunda yer almaktadır. Oğuz öbeğinde yer almasından dolayı diğer Türk lehçelerinde farklılıklar arz ederken aslî uzunlukları, bazı sözcüklerde sözcük başı b seslerini korumak ve ol- fiilini bol- şeklinde kullanmak gibi birkaç özelliğiyle de diğer Oğuz öbeği Türk lehçelerinden de ayrılmaktadır. Türkmen Türkçesini hem diğer Türk lehçelerinden hem de Oğuz öbeği Türk lehçelerinden ayıran önemli bir özelliği de yönelme hâli ekinin kullanımıdır. Ünlüler ile biten sözcüklere yönelme hâli eki getirildiğinde Türkiye Türkçesi, Azerbaycan Türkçesi, Gagavuz Türkçesinde gibi diğer Oğuz öbeği Türk lehçelerinde araya y sesi girerken Ölçünlü Türkmen Türkçesinde ve Türkmen ağızlarının çoğunluğunda araya bir ünsüz girmeden ek doğrudan eklenir.
Konuşur sayısı az olan bazı ağızlar incelendiğinde araya y sesinin eklendiği görülmektedir. Ayrıca Türkmen Türkçesi üzerine hazırlanan ilk eserlerden bazılarında yönelme hâli eki +(y)A şeklinde verilmiştir. Bu çalışmada Türkmen Türkçesi üzerine yazılan tarihî eserler ve günümüz kaynakları incelenerek yönelme hâlinin +(y)A şeklinin ağızlardaki ve ilk gramerlerdeki durumu ortaya konmuştur. Ölçünlü dilde farklı olan durumlarda dahi ağız seviyesinde de olsa ortaklıkların korunduğu gösterilemeye çalışılmıştır.
KAZAK TÜRKÇESİNDE BAĞLAÇLAR VE GÖREVLERİ
Authors: EFENDİOĞLU Süleyman , SERDALİNA Saniye
Published: June 2023

Türkiye Türkçesinde olduğu gibi Kazak Türkçesinde de bağlaçlar; sözcükleri, sözcük gruplarını, cümleleri veya çeşitli ifadeleri biçim ya da anlam yönünden birbirine bağlayan, bunların arasında çeşitli anlam ilgileri kuran, kendi başına müstakil anlamı bulunmayan ancak cümle içerisinde anlam kazanan ve bu yönleriyle edatlarla birlikte dilde görev elemanı olarak kullanılan sözcüklerdir. Kazak Türkçesi öteden beri bünyesinde barındırdığı zengin bağlaç kadrosuyla dilcilerin dikkatini çeken önemli bir Türk lehçesidir. Çalışmamızda Kazakçanın bağlaçları, yapı ve görev/işlev yönünden incelenerek Kazak gramer kitapları ve yazılı metinler ışığında tasnif edilip açıklanmaya çalışılacaktır. Bu bağlamda Kazak edebiyatından seçilmiş çeşitli edebî metinlerden (roman, uzun hikâye “povest”, hikâye vb.) istifade edilecektir. Ayrıca söz konusu bağlaçların, görevlerine göre Türkiye Türkçesi ile karşılaştırılması da yapılacaktır. Böylece fiilimsilerle beraber Türkçenin kıvrak ve zengin anlatım tarzına, işlek ifade gücüne değer katan bağlaçların önemine dikkat çekilecek; özelde Kazak Türkçesinin genelde ise Türk dilinin bağlaç konusu irdelenmiş olacaktır.
Atypical Presentations of Progressive Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an Immunocompetent Adult: Ectopic Calcification (Aneurysm of Sinus of Valsalva) and Large Vessel (Left Subclavian Artery) Stenosis in the Background of Adrenal Insufficiency
Authors: Mondal Md. Karimulla , Islam Jemima , Agarwal Vaibhav , Ghosh Sumit Kumar , Ghosh Soumitra
Published: June 2023

Histoplasmosis is a systemic fungal disease caused by the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum and is more common in immunocompromised patients. Histoplasmosis can present with a wide range of clinical manifestations from asymptomatic illness to severe organ dysfunctions and may need hospitalization. Histoplasmosis is a major opportunistic infection in North and Central America. Disseminated histoplasmosis is a progressive extrapulmonary infection, caused by hematogenous spread, mostly found in immunosuppressed patients.

Reports of histoplasmosis in nonendemic regions are very rare. Due to the varied and nonspecific clinical manifestations of histoplasmosis, most of the infections are misdiagnosed or underreported.

Here, we report a case of disseminated histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent individual from a non-endemic zone in eastern India, presented with long term fever along with ectopic calcification (Aneurysm of Sinus of Valsalva) and large vessel (left subclavian artery) stenosis in the background of adrenal insufficiency.
Coronaro Cameral Fistula: Literature Review, Diagnosis and Management, about a Case
Authors: Harouna Seydou , Hamine Yousra , Adam Fadoul , Brahim Nassour , Haboub Meryem , Arous Salim , Bennouna El Ghali , Azzouzi Leila , Habbal Rachida
Published: June 2023

A coronary fistula is defined as a direct connection between a coronary artery and a heart chamber, great vessel, or other vascular structure that "bypasses" the myocardial capillary bed. This is a rare pathology that is usually not discovered until later in life, and exceptionally not during childhood. We report the case of a young patient who was hospitalized for chest pain and shortness of breath and who was found to have a coronary fistula on angiography.

A 66-year-old patient. Hypertension on dual therapy for 16 years and diabetes on OAD (Oral Antidiabetic) for 4 years. He was hospitalized with typical angina pectoris and dyspnea, and the stress test was positive. Laboratory examination revealed a good general condition with NYHA stage 3 dyspneic angina pectoris extending to the upper extremities and no evidence of heart failure. Looking at the balance, we see a slight increase in troponin. ECG returns to regular sinus rhythm, with electrical LVH (left ventricular hypertrophy)  and ambient negative waves, no rhythm or conduction abnormalities. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) reverses hypertensive heart disease with good global and partial contractility without significant valvular disease associated with systolic pulmonary arterial pressure (SPAP) at 35 mmHg. Coronary angiography is performed and shows evidence of minor involvement of the central CX artery and a coronary camera fistula from the first diagonal artery draining into the left ventricle.

Management was about optimizing medical care. The patient received an appointment and was declared discharged.

Coronary camera fistulae are rare, found in approximately 0.3% of coronary angiographic studies performed. Most are congenital and may occur primarily due to trauma, erosive infection of the vessel wall, or iatrogenicity during transluminal coronary angioplasty, myocardial biopsy, or valve replacement. In many cases, simple but complex forms can be described. The gold standard for confirming the diagnosis remains coronary angiography, which highlights both the affected arteries and drainage sites. Cardiac scanners occupy an increasingly important position, especially as they provide morphologically accurate information. Surgical or percutaneous treatment of the fistula with a coil is recommended in symptomatic adult patients, especially those with significant or complicated right-to-left shunts. The authors suggest treatment with β-blockers when multiple sinusoidal fistulas associated with ventricular wall hypertrophy are present. Close monitoring is recommended for asymptomatic small fistula.

Corneal fistula is a rare congenital or acquired condition that is mostly asymptomatic and discovered in adulthood. Coronary angiography and heart scan can be used to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment is usually surgical or endovascular. However, in some cases, drug treatment with beta-blockers may help.
Properties of Self Compacting Concrete Containing Silica Fume as a Sustainable Alternative: A Review
Authors: Vyas Vishal , Shekhawat Ranveer Singh
Published: June 2023

The most frequently used building material on this planet is concrete. Concrete is the supreme user of natural resources as a result of its widespread use as construction material. Cement production produces significant amount of greenhouse emissions.  The protection of environment has become challenging in many developing countries, 7-8% of CO2 is produced by the cement industry that causes huge damage to the environment. In concrete production, Silica fumes can be a partial alternative to cement. In this study, the properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating silica fumes are reviewed. Slump flow, funnel, L-box, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength are among qualities of self-compacting concrete with silica fumes that have been discussed in this study. The cement was replaced by silica fumes in the ratio of 0% to 30% in concrete, cement content can be reduced, which turns into an eco-friendly solution.
Nutritional Values of Biscuits and Kachari with Varying Concentrations of Germinated Wheat Flour, Pearl Millet Flour and Mung Beans Flour
Authors: Yadav Pragati , Yadav Mohit , Sonkar Seema
Published: June 2023

Cluster fig, goolar in hindi, is a medicinal fruit, widely found in India. It is a rich source of iron and other micronutrients. Wheat is a staple food of Indian diet which is an energy dense food. It is a good source of carbohydrate & protein. Pearl Millet is most widely grown type of millet. It is known for its calorie value; vitamins & minerals present in it. Mung bean which belongs to the family of legumes has high calorie in it & is also a very good source of protein & poly-unsaturated fatty acid. For this study cluster fig powder, germinated wheat flour, germinated mung bean flour, germinated pearl millet, carrot powder & beetroot powder have been used. The product development was done using the above-mentioned ingredients. Two products with three treatments of varying quantity of ingredients was used for product development.  The developed products undergone sensory and proximate analysis. Each treatment has three different replications to minimise the error during proximate analysis. Each product has three treatments for sensory evaluation and nutritional assessment with three different replications.

The organoleptic evaluation highlight that the taste becomes bitter and the acceptability decrease with. Increased quantity of cluster fig. The proximate analysis concludes that with increase in the quantity of cluster fig, the iron and zinc content of the products increase.  This study shed light on evaluation of organoleptic acceptability and nutritive & medicinal properties of cluster fig. It also provides idea on how much quantity of cluster fig powder & other ingredients should be used in various processed convenience healthy food. The research aims at highlighting the use of cluster fig which is widely available in India but has never been used to make convenience.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Drones for the Analysis of Agricultural Land Use in the Mining Lease
Authors: Kaushal Hitanshu , Bhatnagar Anupam
Published: June 2023

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) has facilitated the automation of drone control, which includes the management of navigation and movement. This application can be accomplished through several methods, including GPS tracking, computer vision, and machine learning algorithms. Drones exhibit a distinctive combination of spatial coverage and resolution, rendering them indispensable for land survey and mapping. The incorporation of multiple ground-control points has the potential to yield high precision georeferencing for the Orthomosaic product.

In conjunction with field observations, drones provide a prompt and precise means of recording land data and its use. A drone survey and mapping operation was conducted within a mining lease situated near the village of Kanthariya, in the Tehsil and District of Chittorgarh, covering an area of 64.75 hectares, for the analysis of agricultural land use in the mining lease.
Effect of Segregated and Unsegregated Urban Solid Waste Drum Composts on Growth, Yield and Nutrient Uptake by Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana L.)
Authors: Anand  , Prakasha H. C.
Published: June 2023

A greenhouse experiment was conducted in Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences, Gandhi Krishi Vignana Kendra, Bangalore to study the effects of segregated and unsegregated urban solid waste drum compost on plant height, number of leaves, ear head weight, ear head length, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and straw yield in finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) during kharif-2015. The results revealed that plant height, number of leaves, ear head weight, ear head length, 1000 grain weight, grain yield and straw yield and uptake content were significantly improved by the application of 100% NPK+ segregated urban solid waste compost (10 t ha-1) followed by 100% NPK+ unsegregated urban solid waste compost (10 t ha-1) as compared to the treatment which include only in inorganics.
Efficacy of Organic Manure and age of Seedling on Growth and Yield of Hybrid Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata)
Authors: Shamad Abdul , Singh Devi , Prasad V. M. , Bahadur Vijay , Singh Vikram
Published: June 2023

The present study was carried out to assess the Efficacy of organic manure and age of seedling on growth, yield and quality of hybrid cabbage (Brassica oleracea var capitata) at the Farm, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Science, Prayagraj, during winter season of 2020-2021 and 2021-2022. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with factorial concept three replicated three times the result of the present investigation highlighted that incorporation of  and Age of seedling T18(Farm yard manure 15 (t/ha) + Vermicompost 15 (t/ha) + 35 Days age of seedling) in response to Number of leaves plant-1, Plant height  (cm), Stem diameter (cm), Leaf area (cm2), Net head weight (g), Polar diameter (cm), Equatorial diameter (cm),   Whole plant fresh weight in (kg), Gross head yield (t ha-1) and  Net head yield (t ha-1). Could able to cause beneficial response on the above attributes. The treatment combination comprised of FYM 15 t /ha + Vermicompost 15 t/ha+35 DAT (F2VC2D2) recorded highest gross return (Rs. 59922.00), maximum net return (Rs. 59922.00) and also benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio 1:5.76). The highest benefit: cost ratio (B:C ratio 1:6.17) was observed by the treatment comprising of FYM 15 t /ha + Vermicompost 15 t/ha+ 25DAT (F2VC2D1).
Lessons From COVID-19 for Protecting Workers in the Next Pandemic
Authors: Michaels David , Wagner Gregory R. , Ryan Lillian
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint examines some of the missteps during the COVID-19 pandemic to protect health care workers and how to use lessons from those mistakes for future pandemics.
Estimated Changes in Insulin Prices and Discounts After Entry of New Insulin Products, 2012-2019
Authors: Dickson Sean , Gabriel Nico , Gellad Walid F. , Hernandez Inmaculada
Published: June 2023

Importance

Despite the political salience of insulin prices, no study to date has quantified trends in insulin prices that account for manufacturer discounts (net prices).

Objective

To describe trends in insulin list prices and net prices faced by payers from 2012 to 2019 and estimate changes in net prices after the 2015 to 2017 entry of new insulin products.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This longitudinal study included an analysis of Medicare, Medicaid, and SSR Health drug pricing data from January 1, 2012, to December 31, 2019. Data analyses were performed from June 1, 2022, to October 31, 2022.

Exposures

US sales of insulin products.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Net prices faced by payers were estimated for insulin products as list prices minus manufacturer discounts negotiated in commercial and Medicare Part D markets (ie, commercial discounts). Trends in net prices were evaluated before and after the entry of new insulin products.

Results

Net prices of long-acting insulin products increased at an annual rate of 23.6% from 2012 to 2014 but decreased at an annual rate of 8.3% after the introduction of insulin glargine (Toujeo and Basaglar) and degludec (Tresiba) in 2015. Net prices of short-acting insulin increased at an annual rate of 5.6% from 2012 to 2017 but then decreased from 2018 to 2019 after the introduction of insulin aspart (Fiasp) and lispro (Admelog). For human insulin products, which did not experience entry of new products, net prices increased at an annual rate of 9.2% from 2012 to 2019. From 2012 to 2019, commercial discounts increased from 22.7% to 64.8% for long-acting insulin products, from 37.9% to 66.1% for short-acting insulin products, and from 54.9% to 63.1% for human insulin products.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this longitudinal study of US insulin products, results suggest that insulin prices substantially increased from 2012 to 2015, even after accounting for discounts. The introduction of new insulin products was followed by substantial discounting practices that lowered net prices faced by payers.
Partial Pressure of Arterial Oxygen in Healthy Adults at High Altitudes
Authors: Forrer Aglaia , Gaisl Thomas , Sevik Ahmet , Meyer Michelle , Senteler Luzi , Lichtblau Mona , Bloch Konrad Ernst , Ulrich Silvia , Furian Michael
Published: June 2023

Importance

With increasing altitude, the partial pressure of inspired oxygen decreases and, consequently, the Pao2 decreases. Even though this phenomenon is well known, the extent of the reduction as a function of altitude remains unknown.

Objective

To calculate an effect size estimate for the decrease in Pao2 with each kilometer of vertical gain among healthy unacclimatized adults and to identify factors associated with Pao2 at high altitude (HA).

Data Sources

A systematic search of PubMed and Embase was performed from database inception to April 11, 2023. Search terms included arterial blood gases and altitude.

Study Selection

A total of 53 peer-reviewed prospective studies in healthy adults providing results of arterial blood gas analysis at low altitude (<1500 m) and within the first 3 days at the target altitude (≥1500 m) were analyzed.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Primary and secondary outcomes as well as study characteristics were extracted from the included studies, and individual participant data (IPD) were requested. Estimates were pooled using a random-effects DerSimonian-Laird model for the meta-analysis.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Mean effect size estimates and 95% CIs for reduction in Pao2 at HA and factors associated with Pao2 at HA in healthy adults.

Results

All of the 53 studies involving 777 adults (mean [SD] age, 36.2 [10.5] years; 510 men [65.6%]) reporting 115 group ascents to altitudes between 1524 m and 8730 m were included in the aggregated data analysis; 13 of those studies involving 305 individuals (mean [SD] age, 39.8 [13.6] years; 185 men [60.7%]) reporting 29 ascents were included in the IPD analysis. The estimated effect size of Pao2 was −1.60 kPa (95% CI, −1.73 to −1.47 kPa) for each 1000 m of altitude gain (τ2 = 0.14; I2 = 86%). The Pao2 estimation model based on IPD data revealed that target altitude (−1.53 kPa per 1000 m; 95% CI, −1.63 to −1.42 kPa per 1000 m), age (−0.01 kPa per year; 95% CI, −0.02 to −0.003 kPa per year), and time spent at an altitude of 1500 m or higher (0.16 kPa per day; 95% CI, 0.11-0.21 kPa per day) were significantly associated with Pao2.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the mean decrease in Pao2 was 1.60 kPa per 1000 m of vertical ascent. This effect size estimate may improve the understanding of physiological mechanisms, assist in the clinical interpretation of acute altitude illness in healthy individuals, and serve as a reference for physicians counseling patients with cardiorespiratory disease who are traveling to HA regions.
Blood Donors' Preferences Toward Incentives for Donation in China
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhai Peicong , Jiang Shan , Li Chaofan , Li Shunping
Published: June 2023

Importance

Blood donation is critical for health care systems, but donor retention remains challenging. Understanding donors’ preferences can inform incentive design and improve retention rates.

Objective

To identify donor preferences for incentive attributes and their relative importance in promoting blood donation among Chinese donors in Shandong.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This survey study fielded a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with a dual response design among blood donors, analyzing the responses under forced and unforced choice settings. The study took place from January 1 to April 30, 2022, in 3 cities (Yantai, Jinan, and Heze) representing diverse socioeconomic strata in Shandong, China. Eligible participants were blood donors aged 18 to 60 years who had donated within the preceding 12 months. Participants were recruited using convenience sampling. Data were analyzed from May to June 2022.

Exposure

Respondents were presented with different blood donation incentive profiles, varying in health examination, blood recipient, honor recognition, travel time, and gift value.

Main Outcome and Measure

Respondent preferences for nonmonetary incentive attributes, attribute relative importance, willingness-to-discard values for attribute improvement, and estimated uptake of new incentive profiles.

Results

A total of 650 donors were invited, of which 477 were included for analysis. The respondents were predominately male (308 respondents [64.6%]), aged 18 to 34 years (291 respondents [61.0%]), and had undergraduate degrees or higher (286 respondents [59.9%]). Among the 477 valid respondents, the mean (SD) age was 31.9 (11.2) years. Respondents preferred comprehensive health examination, family members as recipients, central government recognition, 30-minute travel time, and a gift valued at 60 Renminbi (RMB). No significant differences were found between the model results of forced and unforced choice setting. Blood recipient was the most important attribute, followed by health examination and gifts, and then honor and travel time. Respondents were willing to discard RMB 32 (95% CI, 18-46) for an improved health examination and RMB 69 (95% CI, 47-92) for changing the recipient from themselves to family members. Scenario analysis estimated 80.3% (SE, 0.024) of donors would endorse the new incentive profile if the recipient was changed from themselves to family members.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this survey study, blood recipient, health examination, and gift value were perceived more important as nonmonetary incentives than travel time and honor recognition. Tailoring incentives according to these preferences may improve donor retention. Further research could help refine and optimize incentive schemes for blood donation promotion.
Tailoring Psychiatric Neuroimaging to Translational Goals
Authors: Tervo-Clemmens Brenden , Marek Scott , Barch Deanna M.
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint discusses tailoring psychiatric neuroimaging paradigms toward clear translational and practical end goals in an effort to focus resources, improve reproducibility, and accelerate neuroimaging’s clinical utility.
Pharmaceutical Applications of Organofluorine Compounds.19F NMR Fragment‐Based Discovery
Authors: Misale Antonio , Carbajo Rodrigo J. , Cid José M. , Trabanco Andrés A.
Published: June 2023

The selective introduction of the small and highly electronegative fluorine atom is a well‐established strategy in medicinal chemistry. Its ability to modulate key molecular physicochemical parameters leads to improved pharmacokinetic properties such as metabolic stability and permeability. Furthermore, the fluorine atom is able to modulate molecular conformation, and it has been widely used to enhance the binding affinity to targets. On the other side, its incorporation can convey chemical instability, which may lead to molecular cleavage by drug‐metabolizing enzymes and potential safety issues. The utilization of19F NMR‐based screening for the search of novel hits is now widely extended, either with methods that use19F‐labeled small molecules (FAXS and n‐FABS) or the incorporation of fluorine in the target of interest (PrOF NMR). This chapter aims to discuss relevant applications of fluorine in medicinal chemistry and19F NMR, summarizing the most applied strategies and citing selected examples of fluorine‐containing pharmaceuticals.
International perspectives on media disinformation: Critical media literacy as antiracist pedagogy
Authors: Osei‐Tutu Araba A. Z. , Osei‐Tutu Kwaku O. A.
Published: June 2023

This article takes an international perspective on adult learning and disinformation, exploring how they have recast the global landscape. In particular, we address former president Trump's naming of certain Caribbean and African nations as “shithole countries,” as well as other related experiences, and work to locate these comments within a neocolonial, racist episteme—what we term thesystemic imperialist syndrome. Finally, this article discusses how critical media literacy (CML) can be leveraged for adult learning, and argues that this involves a mindset change that has the potential tode‐imperializethe minds of imperialists who themselves are colonized in/by their hatred.
Investigation on the proton range uncertainty with spectral CT‐based virtual monoenergetic images
Authors: Zhu Libing , Du Yi , Peng Yahui , Xiang Xincheng , Wang Xiangang
Published: June 2023

Objective

The stopping power ratio (SPR) prediction error will contribute to the range uncertainty of proton therapy. Spectral CT is promising in reducing the uncertainty in SPR estimation. The purpose of this research is to determine the optimal energy pairs of SPR prediction for each tissue and to evaluate the dose distribution and range difference between the spectral CT with the optimal energy pairs method and the single energy CT (SECT) method.

Methods

A new method was proposed based on image segmentation to calculate the proton dose with spectral CT images for the head and body phantom. CT number of each organ region were converted to SPR with the optimal energy pairs of each organ. The CT images were segmented into different organ parts with thresholding method. Virtual monoenergetic (VM) images from 70 keV to 140 keV were investigated to determine the optimal energy pairs for each organ based on Gammex 1467 phantom. The beam data of Shanghai Advanced Proton Therapy facility (SAPT) was employed in matRad (an open‐source software for radiation treatment planning) for the dose calculation.

Results

The optimal energy pairs were obtained for each tissue. The dose distribution of two tumor sites (brain and lung) were calculated with the aforementioned optimal energy pairs. The maximum dose deviation between spectral CT and SECT at the target region was 2.57% and 0.84% for the lung tumor and brain tumor respectively. The range difference between spectral and SECT was significant with 1.8411 mm for the lung tumor. γ passing rate was 85.95% and 95.49% for the lung tumor and brain tumor with the criterion 2%/2 mm.

Conclusions

This work presents a way to determine the optimal energy pairs for each organ and to calculate the dose distribution based on the more accurate SPR prediction.
Clinical Benefit of Mepolizumab in Eosinophilic Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis for Patients With and Without a Vasculitic Phenotype
Authors: Terrier Benjamin , Jayne David R.W. , Hellmich Bernhard , Bentley Jane H. , Steinfeld Jonathan , Yancey Steven W. , Kwon Namhee , Akuthota Praveen , Khoury Paneez , Baylis Lee , Wechsler Michael E. ,   the EGPA mepolizumab study team
Published: June 2023

Objective

To evaluate mepolizumab's efficacy in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) with and without a vasculitic phenotype.

Methods

The MIRRA study (NCT02020889/GSK ID: 115921) included adults with relapsing/refractory EGPA and 4 or more weeks of stable oral glucocorticoids (OG). Patients received mepolizumab (300 mg subcutaneously every 4 weeks) or placebo, plus standard of care for 52 weeks. This post hoc analysis assessed EGPA vasculitic phenotype using antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) history, baseline Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS), and Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) score. Coprimary endpoints included accrued remission over 52 weeks and proportion in remission at Week 36 and Week 48. Remission was defined as a BVAS equal to 0 and an OG dose of 4 or less mg/day of a prednisone equivalent. Types of relapses (vasculitis, asthma, and sino‐nasal) and EGPA vasculitic characteristics (by study remission status) were also assessed.

Results

A total of 136 patients were included (n = 68, mepolizumab and placebo). Irrespective of history of ANCA positivity status, baseline BVAS, or baseline VDI, the accrued remission duration and the proportion of patients in remission at Weeks 36 and 48 were greater with mepolizumab compared with placebo. With mepolizumab, remission at both Week 36 and Week 48 was achieved by 54% of patients with and 27% of patients without a history of ANCA positivity compared with 0% and 4%, respectively (placebo); 45% of patients with a BVAS of 0 and 22% of patients with BVAS of greater than 0 compared with 5% and 2%, respectively (placebo); and 29% of patients with a VDI score of less than 5 and 37% of patients with a VDI score of 5 or more compared with 6% and 0%, respectively (placebo). Mepolizumab reduced all types of relapses as compared with placebo. Baseline vasculitic characteristics (neuropathy, glomerulonephritis, alveolar hemorrhage, palpable purpura, and ANCA positivity) were generally similar among patients with and without remission.

Conclusion

Mepolizumab is associated with clinical benefits for patients with and without a vasculitic EGPA phenotype.
COVID‐19 Hospitalization Outcomes Among Patients With Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases in the United States
Authors: Khalaf Ahmad , Ibrahim Garad , Goble Spencer , Kuijpers Marcela , Nasr Rawad
Published: June 2023

Objectives

To investigate the outcomes of COVID‐19‐related hospitalizations among patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) in the United States in 2020. The primary outcome was in‐hospital mortality, and secondary outcomes included intubation rate, length of hospital stay (LOS), and total hospital charges (THCs).

Methods

Data for the study were obtained from the National Inpatient Sample database and included patients who were hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of COVID‐19. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate odds ratios for the outcomes, adjusting for age, sex, and comorbidities.

Results

Out of the 1,050,720 COVID‐19 admissions, 30,775 had an ARD diagnosis. The unadjusted analysis showed higher mortality (12.21%) and intubation (9.2%) rates in the ARD group compared with the non‐ARD group (mortality rate: 11.14%, P = 0.013; intubation rate: 8.5%, P = 0.048). However, this difference was not significant after adjusting for confounding factors. The mean LOS and THCs did not differ significantly between the two groups. Among all ARD subgroups, the vasculitis group had significantly higher intubation rate, LOS, and THC.

Conclusion

The study suggests that ARD is not associated with an increased risk of mortality or worse outcomes among patients hospitalized with COVID‐19 after adjusting for confounding factors. However, the vasculitis group had poorer outcomes during COVID‐19 hospitalizations. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effect of ARD activity and immunosuppressants on outcomes. Additionally, more research is required to investigate the relationship between COVID‐19 and vasculitis.
Dual Functional Titanium Hydride Particles for Anti‐Ultraviolet and Anti‐Oxidant Applications
Authors: Gao Wenqin , Wang Zhaolei , Tan Guoying , Liu Wei , Sendeku Marshet Getaye , Tang Ying , Kuang Yun , Sun Xiaoming
Published: June 2023

TiO2 is a typical anti‐ultraviolet agent in sunscreen cream, but it suffers from a lack of anti‐oxidant activity for scavenging reactive oxygen species. Other traditional sunscreen ingredients, such as C60 and ferulic acid, have moderate antioxidant and UV protection capabilities, and the products do not provide further UV protection. Herein, titanium hydride (TiH1.97) particles with dual functions of anti‐oxidant and anti‐ultraviolet are presented as an active material to remove the highly oxidizing and harmful hydroxide free radicals from the skin surface. Owing to the active hydrogen in TiH2, it shows great potential to eliminate hydroxyl radicals, and the rate is roughly proportional to the exposed surface area (50% /20 min). Together with the biocompatibility of the in situ formed TiO2, which has a strong ability to absorb ultraviolet light during OH radical scavenging. At the same time, adding titanium hydride to sunscreen also enhances sun protection. The SPF value of sunscreen containing 1% titanium hydride and 20% titanium dioxide can reach 31.8, which exceeds the 20% titanium dioxide (15) by more than twofold. Therefore, titanium hydride with anti‐ultraviolet and antioxidant functions can be regarded as a promising and safe ingredient for sunscreen cream.