bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implantable drug delivery systems: An overviews
Authors: Vaishnavi S. Mukhmale  , Sakshi Y. Patrikar  , Nandkishor B. Deshmukh  , Swati P. Deshmukh
Published: January 2025

Implant are sterile solid mass that contains medicine, prepared by different ways like extrusion, moulding or contraction. The conventional routes of medicine administration has limited control over medicine release and maintaining constant tube remedial medicine attention for longer ages of time. To avoid these problems associated with application of traditional lozenge forms, there was essential need for development of new lozenge forms which would discharge medicines at controlled rate for original exertion. This led to enhancement of Novel Drug Delivery Systems (NDDS) that offers optimisation of remedial parcels of medicines and makes them safer, productive and reliable over traditional ways of administration. Implantable medicine delivery system IDDS forms a part of new medicine delivery system. This route of administering specifics allows targeted distribution, position particularity, constant release rate, low quantum of medicine conditions, and minimisation of adverse goods with bettered efficacity. It provides possibility of administering medicines once daily to monthly which else preliminarily bear frequent diurnal dosing. Different implantable technologies are presently in use for numerous remedial operations similar as in dentistry, ophthalmology, contraception and oncology. Remedial medicine Delivery styles give veritably little, if any, control over the timing and pattern of medicine release drug attention immersion at the point of action. Undetermined drug attention in tube is a typical and egregious issue with the Traditional cure system. Therefore to overcome similar problems sweats have been made by experimenters and pharmaceutical scientists to the Betterment of the medicine delivery system and that lead to the development of the Novel Drug Delivery System (NDDS). NDDS is the Approach and technology to deliver the medicine in low attention and follow the zero- order release of the medicine in a controlled manner. Also, the NDDS’s development results in the creation of an implantable medicine delivery system (IDDS). A system for implantable drug delivery is a new approach of drug delivery. In this fashion, the drug is delivered under controlled conditions to the precise position where the implant is placed. The expression, medication, evaluation criteria, and unborn aspects of the implantable medicine delivery system are the subjects of this study.
Detection of bacterial contamination Salmonella sp. on broiler chicken meat for sale at the traditional market of East Surabaya Indonesia
Authors: Nurul Istiqomah  , Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah  , Dian Ayu Permatasari  , Yulianna Puspitasari  , Dadik Raharjo  , Viski Fitri Hendrawan  , Wiwiek Tyasningsih
Published: January 2025

Objective: This research aimed to determine the presence of Salmonella sp. contamination on broiler chicken meat sold in traditional markets in East Surabaya Indonesia.
Method: The research sample consisted of 30 broiler chickens taken from six traditional East Surabaya markets: Manyar Market, Jojoran Market, Tempurejo Market, Semolowaru Market, Pucang Anom Market, and Soponyono Market. Each sample was inoculated in Lactose broth media, after incubation for 24 hours then inoculated in Tetrathionate Broth media. The samples were then inoculated on Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA) media. If colonies grow on SSA media that appear round, transparent with a black spot (black center), then proceed with the Gram staining test and biochemical tests, including Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), urease test, Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM), and Simmons Citrate Agar (SCA). Gram staining of Salmonella sp. shows Gram-negative bacteria, and the TSIA (Triple Sugar Iron Agar) test shows Alkaline/Acid and produces H2S. The SCA (Simmons Citrate Agar) test showed positive results, while the urease test showed negative results. The SIM (Sulfide Indole Motility) test showed a negative indole test.
Results: The results of 30 chicken meat samples sold in traditional markets in East Surabaya showed that 1 sample (3.3%) was positively contaminated with Salmonella sp. bacteria.
Conclusion: Broiler chicken meat sold in traditional markets in East Surabaya was found to be one out of a total of 30 samples (3.3%) contaminated with Salmonella sp. Based on the study results obtained, through this research it is recommended to provide a clean water source for washing equipment and carcasses. It is also necessary to educate traders regarding the importance of implementing sanitation and personal hygiene. Supervision in the process of taking chickens also needs to be tightened and ensured that chickens are free from Salmonella sp.
AI adoption and sustainability of SMES in Africa: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Stella Chinelo Nwagbala  , Francisca Nkiruka Ezeanokwasa  , Raphael Nwachukwu  , Ngozi Justina Uzodike  , Ogechukwu Pauline Nwosu
Published: January 2025

Adopting Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies presents significant opportunities and challenges for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMES) in Africa. As the continent strives for economic growth and sustainability. This study explores the potential benefits of AI adoption for African SMES. However, several challenges hinder widespread implementation, such as limited access to finance, and technology, inadequate infrastructure, lack of skilled workforce, and regulatory uncertainties. Data were generated via the Internet, newspapers, newsletters, libraries, and other documented materials pertinent to the study. However, the study highlights how AI can drive operational efficiency, reduce costs, and promote sustainable business practices. Furthermore, cultural attitudes towards technology adoption can also impact the pace at which SMES embrace AI solutions. To harness the full potential of AI for sustainable development in Africa, it is crucial to address these challenges through targeted policies that promote digital literacy, investment in infrastructure, and collaboration between governments, educational institutions, and the private sector. By creating a conducive environment that supports AI integration into business practices, African SMES can leverage these technologies to drive economic growth while contributing to broader sustainability goals.
Digital twin applications for predicting and controlling vibrations in manufacturing systems
Authors: Okpala Charles Chikwendu  , Udu Chukwudi Emeka  , Nwankwo Constance Obiuto
Published: January 2025

In Recent times, Digital Twin (DT) technology has emerged as an innovative tool for the enhancement of the efficiency and reliability of manufacturing systems, through the creation of virtual replicas of physical assets, systems and processes. As vibrations in machines and tools can lead to reduced product quality, increased wear and tear, as well as unplanned downtimes, this article explores the application of digital twins for predicting and controlling vibrations in manufacturing systems. The integration of digital twins assists in addressing these challenges through the provision of insights into vibration dynamics, enabling proactive maintenance, and optimizing system performance. It examines how sensor data and advanced computational models converge to simulate and predict vibration behavior in real time. Moreover, the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning in analyzing vibration patterns and prescribing corrective measures is discussed. The article also presents case studies that highlight successful implementations of digital twins in diverse manufacturing contexts, showcasing measurable improvements in productivity and system reliability. In addition, the research identifies key challenges, including data integration complexities, high computational requirements, and cost implications, that manufacturers must address to fully leverage the potential of digital twins. By synthesizing these insights, the paper provides a comprehensive framework for researchers and practitioners seeking to harness digital twin technology for vibration management in manufacturing environments.
The impact of smartphones on mental health of children and adolescents in west India
Authors: Dr Nitinkumar R Moradiya
Published: January 2025

The rising prevalence of smartphone usage among children and adolescents in West India presents significant challenges for mental health and developmental outcomes. This study investigates the multifaceted impacts of smartphones on individuals aged 10-19, focusing on mental health, physical well-being, and social development. A mixed-methods systematic review of literature published between 2019 and 2023 reveals nuanced insights into the interplay of socio-cultural factors, smartphone addiction, and mental health outcomes. Positive effects such as improved access to educational tools and communication are contrasted against negative consequences, including increased anxiety, depression, and diminished physical activity. This article identifies key themes, provides recommendations for mitigating adverse effects, and underscores the importance of balanced smartphone usage in promoting healthy development.
The Sinclair method: The need for integrated and holistic approaches in alcohol treatment and recovery
Authors: S.J.L.Merron  , Carol Garrason  , Joanna Duyvenvoorde  , Adrian Mark Duyvenvoorde  , Susannah Hart  , Amin Javaid
Published: January 2025

The world’s consumption of alcohol per capita in 2016 among male and female drinkers worldwide was on average 19.4 litres of pure alcohol for males and 7.0 litres for females, and three million deaths worldwide are attributable to alcohol each year. The pathology of alcoholism and addiction has been a source of medical and psychological interest for nearly two centuries. This article provides a summary of genetic and neurobiological research, along with a comparison of a variety of treatment methods employed including the 12-step abstinence program, holistic approaches, and modern advances of pharmacotherapy interventions, such as the Sinclair Method.
Liberating Political Commitment Based on Democracy in General Election
Authors: Saimima Johan Robert , S. Korneles Balak , Picauly Jessyca Haniel , Kaihena Ahustein J. , Sinaga Rouli Retta Trifena
Published: January 2025

The implementation of the General Election, including its implications for governance, has so far been full of various deviations from the principles of democracy. Therefore, with a theological perspective, democracy needs to be rebuilt to free society from democratic shifts in the Election and governance that have an impact on discomfort in living together. This article aims to construct a liberating political commitment of Christian society based on a dialogue between the ideas of democracy according to Karsadi and Franz Magnis-Suseno with the idea of the prophetic role of the church according to John Chr. Ruhulessin. The result of this study shows that a liberating political commitment can be built through the internalization of church teachings, so that the church is responsible for providing Christian political ethics education.
Sports Journalism in society
Authors: Cuccoli Rosarita
Published: January 2025

The book is about the media’s role and responsibility in selecting what becomes news when covering sport. The sport-media relationship is a long-standing and symbiotic one. Sport delivers key audiences while media coverage fosters sport’s popularity and development. The range of sport-related topics that become news has expanded significantly in recent decades. However, it does not reflect the full extent of the sporting phenomenon. The leading clubs, leagues and athletes receive regular attention, and there is nothing surprising or reprehensible in this, but sport is more than that. Sport has considerable power in society through its ties to economy, politics and culture. It creates role models that influence identity development. It is also used to convey negative values such as racism or violence, which further demonstrates its pervasiveness in society. Drawing on her hands-on experience in the field of sports journalism, both as an academic and as a practitioner, the author offers a first-of-its-kind research tool (matrix) to explore and promote social analysis in the media coverage of sport.
Projeto Pet na escola
Authors: Vieira José Jairo , Chagas Alicia Lopes , Souza Dandara de Jesus , Sampaio Gabriela de Araujo , Carvalho Mauricio Alexandre de , Medeiros Claudio Aroldo da Paixão , Peixoto Shirleia dos Santos
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo apresenta as análises desenvolvidas pelo projeto “Construindo meu futuro sem racismo, preconceito e bullying”, realizado em uma escola pública no Rio de Janeiro, por graduandos do Programa de Educação Tutorial: Movimentos Sociais da UFRJ, em parceria com integrantes do Laboratório de Pesquisa de Corpo, Raça e Gênero (LADECORGEN-UFRJ). O objetivo do projeto foi, por meio das artes, promover um debate e reflexão entre os alunos do 1º e 2º anos sobre questões relacionadas ao antirracismo e ao antibullying. As atividades desenvolvidas foram apresentações coreografadas de poesias ou músicas, contendo uma ou todas as temáticas presentes. A estratégia metodológica foi a pesquisa-ação e os dados foram coletados através da observação, da anotação em cadernos de pesquisa. Podemos perceber como as crianças refletiram e debateram ideias voltadas para posturas e atitudes antirracistas e antibulliyng a partir das atividades, o que corrobora que a arte é um elemento potente para esse objetivo.
The results of study of collection cultivars and potato new breeding numbers according to agronomic traits
Authors: Lyskova I. V. , Permyakov P. V. , Kratyuk E. I.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of study of collection cultivars and new breeding numbers of potato for 2020–2023 in the agroecological conditions of the Kirov region according to the main agronomic traits. The early-ripening cultivar ‘Udacha’ (All-Russia Research Institute of Potato Farming), the mid-early cultivar ‘Nevsky’ (North-Western Research Institute ofAgriculture), and the mid-ripening cultivar ʻChaika’ (FANC North-East) were used as standards. In the group of early ripening cultivars, the ʻUtenok’ (Russia) had the most stable productivity indicator (CV = 32 %), in dry conditions of 2022 the cultivar exceeded the standard by 35 % (297 g/bush); among the foreign cultivars, the cultivar ʻDundrum’ (Great Britain) with an average productivity of 462±132 g/bush was selected (CV = 29 %). In the group of mid-early cultivars, in terms of productivity and stability of the indicator, the following cultivars were distinguished: ʻSkazka’ (Russia) – 423±120 g/bush (CV = 28 %), ʻLileya’ (Belarus) – 463±149 g/bush (CV = 32 %). In the group of mid-season cultivars, high productivity (467±260 g/bush (CV = 56 %)) was formed by the nematode-resistant ʻSanetta’ (Germany) and the cultivar ʻValkora’ (Bulgaria) – 523±220 g/bush (CV = 42 %). As a result of breeding work, the most promising selection numbers according to the productivity were identified: 69-21 – 702 g/bush, 283-21 – 685 g/bush; with early accumulation of yield – selection numbers 69-21, 285-21, 184-21 with productivity of 490, 390 and 350 g/bush, respectively. Based on the commercial quality of the tubers, the following were selected: 69-21 with large, even pink tubers, 19-21 with purple tubers. In the nursery of the preliminary test, based on the results of the assessment in 2023 the following were distinguished: by productivity 195-21 and 234-21; by early maturity 3-21, 199-21, 234-21; by resistance to common scab 202-21, 208-21, 199-21.
Results of mycotoxicological monitoring of cattle feed harvested in the Vologda Region
Authors: Platonov A. V. , Eregina S. V. , Artamonov I. V.
Published: January 2025

There has been carried a mycotoxicological research of various feed for cattle to find the most contaminated types of feed and the most common mycotoxins. During the long-term monitoring of feed samples similar in species composition, harvesting and storage conditions to determine the dynamics of the number of mycotoxins over 260 plant samples from a number of the Vologda Region farms were studied, among them 61 samples were examined for the simultaneous content of 4 mycotoxins and 22 samples for the simultaneous content of 5 mycotoxins. The content of the main groups of mycotoxins in harvested feeds using the method of EIA analysis was investigated. A total of 509 analyses were conducted for the period of 2022–2024, including 155 analyses for aflatoxin sum, 132 for ochratoxin-A, 105 for zearalenone, 89 for dioxynivalenol (DON), and 28 for T-2 toxin. The research results revealed that 99 % of the studied samples were contaminated with mycotoxins to some extent: all analyzed samples were infected with aflatoxins and zearalenone, 97 % of the samples were damaged by ochratoxin–A and less than a third of the samples were infected with DON. Moreover, a significant part of the samples was contaminated with two or more mycotoxins. Samples of grain, green mass and haylage contained mycotoxins below the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) level, in hay samples the predominant contaminant was T-2 toxin, the content of which was 9 times higher than the MAC level. The results of analysis of silages of different composition proved that the most contaminated were legume and cereal mono-species silages, so the exceeding of MAC for the sum of aflatoxins on average is 4.1–4.2 times, for ochratoxin-A – 1.1–1.3 times. Monitoring of mycotoxin content showed that samples of cereal-bean silage had an increase in the content of a number of mycotoxins with increasing storage time. For instance, the sum of aflatoxins in three-four weeks after harvesting was 3.27 µg/kg, in 4 months – 5.74 µg/kg, in 10 months – 22.31 µg/kg, a similar trend was observed in the determination of zearalenone. On the contrary, the content of ochratoxin-A slightly decreased. Relatively uniform contamination of the studied samples allows predicting both the composition of contaminants and the degree of their contamination of prepared fodder, which should be taken into account by the relevant specialists of livestock enterprises in the region when developing measures and activities aimed at preventing mycotoxicosis.
Shadow economy in agriculture and specifics of its measurement
Authors: Kiselev S. V. , Seitov S. K. , Samsonov V. A. , Filimonov I. V.
Published: January 2025

Despite the extensive list of works devoted to the analysis of the shadow economy, the issue of determining its scale at the regional level and a separate type of activity (according to the All-Russian Classifier OKVED 2. has not been resolved. This work aims at filling this gap by showing existing methods of accounting for the shadow economy in agriculture. The aim is to identify the scale of the shadow economy in agriculture at the regional level in Russia. The novelty lies in the development and application of a methodology for assessing the shadow economy in agriculture in the Russian regions. The paper uses economic and statistical, calculation, cartographic methods. The paper forms empirical basis on the official statistical data. As a result of using the authors’ methodology, the study finds that in the absolute majority of regions there is a moderate level of shadow transactions of legal entities in section A according to the All-Russian Classifier. Moreover, the level of differentiation is low. Only in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Chelyabinsk, Bryansk, Lipetsk regions, Mari El Republic there is a higher level of shadow transactions. In general, in 2017–2022 there is a trend towards a reduction in the share of shadow transactions of legal entities in the gross value added (GVA) of section A “Agriculture, forestry, hunting, fishing and fish farming” in the regions of Russia. It is largely achieved thanks to the introduction of federal government information systems that make shadow turnover difficult. At the same time, when interpreting the results, it is important to make an adjustment for that our methodology may underestimate the scale of the shadow economy, since it does not consider agricultural organizations that are small business entities, as well as peasant farms and individual entrepreneurs.
ANÁLISIS DEL INTERÉS, DEL APREDIZAJE A LO LARGO DE LA VIDA, EN ALIMENTACIÓN Y NUTRICIÓN SALUDABLE EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE MAYORES DE EXTREMADURA
Authors: Cubero Juánez Javier , De la Hoz Serrano Alejandro , Melo Lina
Published: January 2025

Dentro de nuestra sociedad actual en constante evolución, la formación y el aprendizaje a lo largo de la vida (long life learning) es una de las estrategias necesaria de oportunidad de aprendizaje para una realización personal, social y de prosperidad económica. Dicho nuevo paradigma educativo, impulsado principalmente desde la UNESCO, es también consecuencia de una mayor longevidad, calidad de vida y bienestar.  Por ello la necesidad de una formación y actualización continua y a lo largo de la vida de unos conocimientos básicos científicos, tecnológicos, financieros, y sanitarios. Y así conseguir el desarrollo personal y por consiguiente el desarrollo económico, social, cultural y medioambiental sostenible de la sociedad. Uno de estos aprendizajes que se demanda, de formación a lo largo de vida, dado su constante evolución científica es el conocimiento en alimentación y nutrición y salud.
Objetivos: Analizar en una muestra de alumnado en una Universidad de Mayores española el nivel de interés para su formación científica de contenidos básicos de: hábitos de alimentación y nutrición saludable. 
Metodología: Los participantes fueron 24 alumnos perteneciente a la Universidad de Mayores de la Universidad de Extremadura (Badajoz. España). Curso 2023-24. Y mediante Cuestionario escrito, individualizado y anónimo. Se les consultó en su aula, sobre sus características: Básicas (edad: 69,7±4,9 años, sexo: 62,5%femenino y 37,5% masculino), Antropométricas (100% con Normopeso), y Nivel de Interés sobre Contenidos en Alimentación y Nutrición Saludable. El análisis de los datos fue analizado de forma Mixta (Quan-Cual) mediante softwares: cualitativo WebQDA© y cuantitativo estadísticos Jamovi©.
Resultados: Como resultados más importantes, se puede destacar que esta muestra en su totalidad expresó Niveles de Interés elevados en dicha formación en Alimentación y Nutrición Saludable. Principalmente su interés radicaba en Contenidos, por ejemplo de las Categorías cualitativas: “Recomendaciones Dietéticas saludables”, “¿Dieta Veganas y salud?” e “Interpretar las características nutricionales en el etiquetado de los alimentos”. Por último destacar que valor medio del alumnado su condición Antropométrica fue de Normopeso =24,7±5,2 m2 de altura /kg de peso, lo cual puede demostrar su significativa motivación en seguir formándose en dicho conocimiento científico de: hábitos de alimentación y nutrición saludable. 
Conclusión: Se demuestra un elevado interés en, el aprendizaje a lo largo de vida, en conocimientos de: hábitos de alimentación y nutrición saludable, y donde la condición antropométrica de Normopeso o Peso Saludable puede favorecer e impulsar, aún más, la motivación sobre el aprendizaje de su formación científica.
EL SONIDO BINAURAL EN LA EDUCACIÓN MUSICAL UNIVERSITARIA: MÁS ALLÁ DE LOS LÍMITES AUDITIVOS TRADICIONALES
Authors: Rodríguez López Rafael Ángel
Published: January 2025

Con el rápido desarrollo de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, la composición, la producción y el diseño sonoro se han visto especialmente beneficiados como recursos didácticos para enseñanza musical universitaria. Es en este contexto músico-educativo donde emana un procedimiento sonoro que, gracias a sus características técnicas y acústicas, se convierte en un instrumento fundamental para la mejora de la audición activa en el alumnado universitario, el sonido binaural. En este sentido, el objetivo principal de esta investigación es el de aprovechar las peculiaridades sonoras del sonido binaural como herramienta para potenciar la escucha activa en los estudiantes universitarios. Para ello, esta investigación-acción se aborda a partir de un método cuantitativo basado en la técnica de recogida de información a través de diferentes cuestionarios –pre y postest–, realizados por un total de 332 estudiantes universitarios que cursan la asignatura de Educación Musical en el Grado de Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Málaga. Los resultados revelan el potencial de este fenómeno auditivo para enriquecer la experiencia sonora y promover una escucha más activa y consciente.
Implementasi Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan Media Film pada Pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis
Authors: Rahmayanti Esty
Published: January 2025

Salah satu keterampilan abad 21 yang sangat perlu dimiliki oleh mahasiswa sebagai bekal dalam menghadapi tantangan global adalah kemampuan berpikir kritis. Namun masalah yang terjadi adalah mahasiswa saat ini seringkali hanya melakukan proses belajar sampai pada level mengingat atau memahami saja terhadap materi-materi perkuliahan yang mereka dapatkan di kelas. Tidak jarang mahasiswa bahkan hanya terfokus pada satu pokok bahasan yang menjadi tugas individu ataupun kelompok yang diberikan dosen. Mahasiswa juga cenderung lebih banyak menerima begitu saja materi yang diberikan oleh dosen tanpa mempertimbangkan dengan lebih cermat, sehingga kurang mendorong mahasiswa berpikir kritis. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan model pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada mahasiswa sehingga mampu mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Problem-Based Learning (PBL) dengan media film merupakan salah satu model pembelajaran yang dapat mendorong mahasiswa memperoleh pengalaman dalam menangani masalah-masalah yang realistis, untuk merumuskan ide dan mengembangkan keterampilan penalaran, menekankan belajar sebagai proses yang melibatkan pemecahan masalah sehingga dapat mendorong mahasiswa untuk berpikir kritis. Implementasi PBL dengan media film dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn) bertujuan untuk mengembangkan berpikir secara kritis, rasional, dan kreatif serta memiliki semangat kebangsaan yang dijiwai oleh nilai-nilai Pancasila dan komitmen terhadap Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Kata Kunci : Problem Based Learning, berpikir kritis, PKn.
THE PRESERVATION OF BATIK THROUGH TECHNOLOGY: THE ROLE OF BATIK FRACTAL AND JBATIK SOFTWARE
Authors: Adiyanti Putu Ayu
Published: January 2025

Batik Fractal is an innovation that integrates traditional Batik art with modern technology through the application of fractal mathematical formulas to create more complex and innovative Batik designs. This technology developed through jBatik software, allows for a more efficient design and production process without compromising the aesthetic and philosophical value of batik as a cultural heritage. This research aims to examine the application of fractal technology in Batik design, as well as its impact on the preservation of batik art, production efficiency, and batik competitiveness in the global market. A descriptive qualitative research approach is used to collect data through observation and analysis of documents then analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the development of Batik Fractal. The results of this study show that Batik Fractal provides a new dimension in Batik design while strengthening the relevance of Batik in the modern era and the international market.
The Re-emigration of Old Believers from Dobrudja: “Bulgarian” stage 1946 (Based on Archival data)
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Prigarin Aleksandr
Published: January 2025

The article is based on published and archival sources reconstructs a little-known story of the repatriation of Russian Old Believers from Bulgaria to the USSR in 1946. The basic documentary evidence was the family lists of migrants compiled during the resettlement. Their heuristic potential allows the author to consider the process of repatriation at the level of households, groups and villages. In general, the Bulgarian group of the Russian diaspora population of Europe is relatively small. It was formed long before the emergence of the contemporary national state. In an effort to save their religious identity, the Lipovans and Nekrasovites during the 18th – first half of the 19th centuries populated some Ottoman territories (the Balkans and Anatolia). At this time, a dozen settlements were formed in Dobrudja, including Tataritsa near Silistra. At the level of communities and individual families there was almost permanent mobility that led to large-scale redistribution of human resources between different regions of the Ottoman Porte and adjacent areas. For example, at the beginning of the 20th century, the village of Kazashko appeared near Varna. When the Red Army entered Bulgaria (1944–1945), the idea of the return of Old Believers to their historical homeland arose among its officers. In 1946 with the help of the Soviet Union about half members of the ethno-confessional group from Bulgaria re-emigrated to the Ukrainian SSR. Despite the attention to such an original group of the “Russian Diaspora” and to the topic of “re-emigration”, the circumstances, process and result of this resettlement is still without proper documentary presentation. This story should be considered in the general context of the repatriation of Russian Old Believers from Dobrudja (similar resettlements from Romania were carried out in 1945 and 1947).
On the Jubilee of Elena N. Kovtun
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kravchenko Tatyana ,   Vladimir Dahl Russian State Literary Museum
Published: January 2025

This congratulatory message refers to the lead researcher of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Head of the Department of the History of Slavic Literatures, Doctor of Philology Elena N. Kovtun. Since 1991, after defending her PhD thesis “The functions of convention in the artistic system of Karel Chapek. The traditions of H. G. Wells”, E. N. Kovtun began to work at the Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University. Since 2003, she has been a professor at the Department of Slavic Philology, lectured on the history and culture of the Czech Republic, the history of Czech literature, conducted special courses for bachelors, undergraduates and postgraduates. In 2000, E. N. Kovtun defended her doctoral thesis “Types and functions of artistic conventions in European literature of the first half of the twentieth century”. She has published five books and is the author of many articles on fiction and secondary artistic conventions in Slavic and Western European, as well as in Russian and North American literatures. In 2007, E. N. Kovtun established the Department of Slavic Studies and Central European Studies at the Russian State University for the Humanities and directs this department to this day. In addition, she worked on reforming and modernizing Russian higher education. Since 1991, E. N. Kovtun has been the Academic Secretary of the Council for Philology of the Educational and Methodological Association for Classical University Education. Since 2015, she headed the Educational and Methodological Council for Philology of the Federal Educational and Methodological Association “Linguistics and Literary Studies” and developed the federal state educational standards in philology. In 2016–2021, she served as Director of the Institute of Russian Language and Culture at Lomonosov Moscow State University. E. N. Kovtun is a member of the Union of Writers of Russia and president of the Association of Science Fiction Researchers, winner of the I. A. Efremov Prize (2009). At the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, E. N. Kovtun has been heading the Department of the History of Slavic Literatures since 2022, preserving the traditions of the former head of this department, L. N. Budagova.
Young Scholars Conference“Slavic World: Community and Diversity”. Moscow, 21–22 May 2024. Section “History”
Authors:   Southern Federal University, Peretyatko Artyom ,   HSE University
Published: January 2025

The Conference of Young Scientists “Slavic World: Community and Diversity” in its current annual format has celebrated its 10th anniversary. The conference has come a long way and changed along with the surrounding world over the decade of its existence. It has become an important center of intellectual contacts for young scientists from different regions of Russia and the world. At the same time, the evolution of the conference was not without certain losses, primarily related to the representation of foreign participants. The article is devoted to the work of the “History” section, which was attended by scientists from Moscow, St. Petersburg, Voronezh, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Nizhny Novgorod, Rostov-on-Don, Belgrade (Serbia), Budapest (Hungary) and Minsk (Republic of Belarus). It is shown that the topics of the reports of young scientists were extremely diverse thematically, regionally and methodologically. In addition to the history of events, researchers turned to microhistory, to biographies of both famous historical figures and secondary personalities, but most often the research was based on text analysis. Thanks to such approaches, the geographical boundaries of the studied territories were expanded, far from being limited to Slavic countries: for example, texts of Russian diplomats about Iran or the French Writer J. de Stael about Bohemia were analyzed. Finally, chronologically, historians were interested in topics from Great Moravia to the political scandal with the President of Hungary K. Novak in 2024. All this allows us to conclude that Slavic studies in Russia, despite obvious difficulties, continue to develop.
Hierarchical Vector State Embeddings for Automated Ransomware Detection
Authors: Aeplae Jonathan , Chatterton Hugo , Wetherfield Quentin , Featherstone Alexander
Published: January 2025

The escalating complexity of cyberattacks requires innovative detection methodologies capable of addressing the ever-adapting strategies employed by malicious actors. A novel approach has been developed, leveraging Hierarchical Vector State Embeddings to capture and analyze behavioral patterns across multiple levels of abstraction, enabling the effective detection of encrypted threats. The proposed system integrates advanced machine learning techniques with a scalable architecture designed for real-time monitoring, ensuring adaptability to diverse operational scenarios. Experimental evaluations demonstrated robust performance across a comprehensive dataset of recent ransomware families, highlighting the method’s ability to generalize beyond static signatures and predefined heuristics. The hierarchical framework encapsulates temporal and contextual dependencies, facilitating the identification of malicious activities through complex behavioral representations. Comparative analysis with baseline systems revealed significant reductions in false positives and improved detection rates, particularly under conditions of high network throughput and system load. Insights derived from behavioral analysis demonstrated the method’s potential for isolating key operational stages, such as lateral movement and encryption, where the impact of intervention is maximized. The modular nature of the architecture supports seamless integration into existing cybersecurity infrastructures, addressing critical scalability and resource utilization challenges. Additionally, the study explored the relationship between environmental factors, such as network speed and file entropy, and their influence on detection robustness, offering practical insights for deployment in diverse environments.
Advancing Fraud Detection in Banking: Real-Time Applications of Explainable AI (XAI)
Authors: Ahmadi Sina
Published: January 2025

Technological and regulatory changes have transformed the digital footprints of the banking sector. Today, credit cardtransactions are providing ten times more data available for fraud detection practices than it was previously available. These larger datasets,combined with the limitations of traditional fraud detection methods, creates an opportunity to adopt Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques.The effectiveness of AI models in the banking industry for fraud detection is proven but practitioners are slow to adopt this advancement.This was because of the concerns over transparency, trust, and the complexity of integrating these models into existing systems. This paperaims to argue in favor of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for fraud detection in the banking sector. XAI enhances transparency,builds trust, and provides clear insights by making AI decisions interpretable and understandable, allowing users to see how and whydecisions are made. This paper will explore real-time applications of XAI in the banking sector. It will also highlight the key regulatorychanges necessary for effectively integrating AI techniques into banking practices. Lastly, it will encourage future researchers to investigatevarious aspects of XAI and its potential contribution to improving fraud detection in the banking industry.
Reporting confidence decreases response and change-of-mind accuracy in a perceptual decision task
Authors: Siedlecka Marta , Litwin Piotr , Paulewicz Borysław
Published: January 2025

Self-monitoring seems to be crucial for regulatory behavior, but it is not clear how it influences performance in simple cognitive tasks. Some studies suggest that increased monitoring improves metacognitive regulation and enhances performance, while others suggest it impairs learning, problem-solving or perceptual processes. We investigated whether the requirement to report confidence in perceptual decisions affects metacognitive regulation and response accuracy. Participants performed a visual discrimination task in which they provided two responses: initial and final. Depending on the condition, participants reported their confidence (either together with or following the initial decision), performed an additional task, or were asked to observe a blank screen between two responses. We expected that reporting decision confidence would induce efficient regulatory activity, which would benefit final accuracy. In three experiments, we did not find evidence that rating confidence improves regulatory processing or performance in perceptual tasks. Rather, when confidence ratings were retrospective, the final response improvement was smaller compared to the condition with no additional task, and changes of mind were less frequent and less corrective. Confidence ratings given jointly with the initial response generally decreased accuracy. The results suggest that deliberate monitoring might put additional strain on cognitive resources and impair lower-order task processing.
Rebel Victory and Constitutional Change
Authors: Sharif Sally , Murtazashvili Ilia , Murtazashvili Jennifer Brick
Published: January 2025

How do rebel regimes consolidate power while staying true to their revolutionarygoals? Though some studies have found that revolutions can be efficiency-enhancing,our analysis of victorious rebellions from 1946 to 2021 and case studies from Ethiopiaand Afghanistan finds that successful rebels establish constitutions that involve selective enforcement of property rights. Constitutions of rebel regimes are more likely to include provisions that enable the government to suspend private property rights and expropriate property under broad justifications. Governance strategies post-victory include property insecurity as a tactic for maintaining political authority.
A Mechanism for Contextual Reframing in LLMs Using Recursive Semantic Partitioning
Authors: Udmoe George , Macallister Jemima , Abercrombie Kathleen , Astley Victor , Thornfield Xavier
Published: January 2025

Recursive Semantic Partitioning introduces an important approach to handling the dual challenges of semantic coherence and computational scalability in advanced generative modeling. By leveraging a hierarchical segmentation mechanism, input sequences are partitioned into semantically coherent units, enabling enhanced contextual alignment and reduced processing overhead. The integration of dynamic embedding recalibration further amplifies the model's ability to maintain logical continuity across extended inputs, addressing a critical limitation of fixed context windows. Experimental results highlight substantial gains in accuracy, semantic fidelity, and computational efficiency, with improvements demonstrated across diverse tasks such as summarization, question answering, and conversational modeling. Comparative analyses reveal that the enhancements achieved through Recursive Semantic Partitioning extend the boundaries of what language models can achieve in high-demand applications. The segmentation process emphasizes the preservation of both local and global contextual relationships, which is critical for tasks requiring nuanced textual interpretations. Additionally, the reduction in memory consumption and processing time underscores the scalability of the approach for deployment in resource-constrained environments. The findings collectively demonstrate the versatility and robustness of Recursive Semantic Partitioning as a mechanism that elevates the operational capabilities of large-scale generative models, offering valuable insights for further advancements in computational linguistics and artificial intelligence.
Accentuate the self: Prioritization of self-associated external voices is enhanced by accent matching.
Authors: Kirk Neil William
Published: January 2025

While it has long been established that self-relevant information, such as one’s own name or face, captures attention and is prioritized by the cognitive system, recent evidence shows that even external voices can elicit the Self-Prioritization Effect (SPE), with voices labelled as belonging to ‘you’ prompting faster responses than those assigned to a ‘friend’ or ‘stranger’ (Payne et al., 2021). This effect can be further enhanced when participants are given agency to choose their self-associated voice, strengthening the connection to self through a sense of ownership. In the current study, we investigate whether greater links to self, in the form of accent matching between external voices and participants’ own accents, enhance this self-bias. In Exp 1 (N = 140), we found that accent-matched self-associated voices elicited a stronger SPE than mismatched voices. In Exp 2 (N = 70), combining accent matching with agency - allowing participants to choose their self-associated voice - further amplified the SPE, demonstrating that these effects are additive. These findings highlight the role of accent as a social marker in self-prioritization and have implications for the development of personalized voice-based technologies.
Insights into Paper Souvenir Purchase Intention of Tourists in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sajeeb Kumar , Neupane Dasarath , Karki Tej Bahadur , Mahat Dipak
Published: January 2025

Background: Tourism plays a vital role in Nepal’s economy, and handmade paper souvenirs represent a unique cultural product often purchased by tourists. This study explores the factors influencing the purchase intention of Nepali handmade paper souvenirs, focusing on three key constructs: appearance, referrals, and product features. 
Methods: A quantitative approach using descriptive and causal research design was adopted to test hypotheses derived from a comprehensive literature review. Measurement and structural models were tested using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in Smart PLS 2.0 
Results: The findings reveal that appearance (β=0.241, t=3.752) and referrals (β=0.322, t=4.995) significantly and positively influence tourists' purchase intention. However, product features (β=0.093, t=1.474) do not have a significant impact. The composite reliability (CR > 0.7) and average variance extracted (AVE > 0.5) confirmed the measurement model's validity. Discriminant validity was supported through cross-loadings and Fornell-Larcker criteria. 
Conclusion: This study concludes that appearance and referrals play crucial roles in driving tourists’ purchase intention for Nepali handmade paper souvenirs. In contrast, product features appear to be less influential. Marketers and souvenir producers should emphasize product aesthetics and leverage word-of-mouth recommendations to boost sales. 
Novelty: This research uniquely integrates cultural aesthetics and social influence to understand the dynamics of souvenir purchasing in Nepal. By identifying key factors influencing buying decisions, the study provides actionable insights for enhancing marketing strategies for handmade cultural products.
Post-Merger Challenges and Their Impact on Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Kandel Madan , Basnet Bhupindra Jung
Published: January 2025

Background: The global banking sector, including Nepal, has witnessed significant mergers and acquisitions (M&As) to enhance competitiveness and operational efficiency. These strategic moves, while beneficial for financial stability, often disrupt customer satisfaction, particularly in aspects like service quality, trust, and accessibility. The merger of GBIME Bank and NABIL Bank offers a unique opportunity to explore these dynamics.
Methods: A quantitative research design was employed, utilizing a structured survey of 300 customers stratified by banking channels. Key variables examined included service quality, trust, accessibility, and customer satisfaction. Regression and correlation analyses tested the relationships between these variables.
Results: Findings reveal that service quality (β = 0.42) and trust (β = 0.48) positively influence customer satisfaction, while accessibility challenges (β = -0.20) negatively impact it. High service quality and trust were maintained post-merger, fostering customer loyalty. However, accessibility issues, particularly in rural areas and digital banking platforms, emerged as significant concerns.
Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of maintaining service quality and trust while addressing accessibility challenges during banking mergers. The findings provide actionable insights for enhancing customer satisfaction and managing post-merger transitions effectively.
Novelty: This research uniquely emphasizes accessibility’s dual role—physical and digital—in customer satisfaction, offering targeted strategies for mitigating disruptions during mergers. It extends existing literature by addressing the specific dynamics of Nepal's banking sector.