bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REVISIÓN DE VARIABLES CINEMÁTICAS EN EL TIRO LIBRE DE FUTBOL
Authors: Torres Sánchez Víctor
Published: March 2020

Se puede clasificar el fútbol como un deporte orientado al resultado (Naumaier, De Marées, & Seiler, 2002) en el cual seobservan diferentes tipos de técnicas deportivas (TD). Una de las más relevantes en el desarrollo del juego son los tiroslibres, por lo tanto, la siguiente revisión muestra la información de los últimos 10 años de publicación en español es eltiro libre con borde interno, el cual describe su objetivo general del rendimiento (OGR) y cada fase con su propósitomecánico (PM), con la intención de dar mayor claridad a la ejecución de la técnica deportiva.En el proceso de recopilación de información se utilizaron los conceptos de “Chut de fútbol”, “Análisis biomecánico delFútbol” y “Variables cinemáticas de fútbol” en los buscadores de Dialnet, Scielo y Google académico.El objetivo del estudio es proporcionar información más detallada de la técnica deportiva del tiro libre con borde internoen fútbol, describiendo sus fases del movimiento, entregando información más específica, para futuros estudios deanálisis del movimiento en el tiro libre con borde interno. Esto es particularmente relevante para mejorar la ejecución, através del entrenamiento, con esta información se puede planificar un entrenamiento más específico usando la técnicadeportiva aquí descrita.
Masa Muscular y Rendimiento Deportivo
Authors: Berral-De la Rosa FJ. , Pérez-Lobato A. , Arcos-Liroa J.
Published: March 2020

Masa Muscular y Rendimiento Deportivo
Dopamine antagonists for the treatment of drug addiction: PF-4363467 and related compounds
Authors: Martinez Ana
Published: March 2020

Drug addiction refers to an out-of-control and compulsive use of substances, which can reach epidemic magnitudes. It is a health concern throughout the world and has major economic impact. Dopamine receptor agonists and antagonists have been cited as molecular targets for the treatment of drug addiction. In this report, the main idea is to analyze the new D3R/D2R ligands that are proposed for the treatment of drug abuse, in terms of their electron donor/acceptor properties. Substances catalogued as agonists represent good electron donors, whereas antagonists represent good electron acceptors. HOMO and LUMO eigenvalues indicate that more energy is necessary to remove an electron from the antagonists, and likewise more energy is gained when antagonists accept an electron. The combination of two molecules (PF-592379 and PNU-177864) produces a new compound (PF-4363467) with properties that are intermediate. Irrespective of the characteristics of the receptor, the classification of ligands is important, in order to further understanding of the reaction mechanism of these compounds. This may help in the design of new molecules for the treatment of drug addiction.
Optical properties and composition of viscous organic particles found in the Southern Great Plains
Authors: Fraund Matthew , Bonanno Daniel J. , China Swarup , Pham Don Q. , Veghte Daniel , Weis Johannes , Kulkarni Gourihar , Teske Ken , Gilles Mary K. , Laskin Alexander , Moffet Ryan C.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric high viscosity organic particles (HVOP) were observed in samples of ambient aerosol collected on April and May 2016 in the Southern Great Plains of the United States. These particles were apportioned as either airborne soil organic particles (ASOP) or tar balls (TB) from biomass burning based on spetro-microscopic imaging and assessment of meteorological records of smoke and precipitation data. Regardless of their apportionment, the number fractions of HVOP were positively correlated (R2 = 0.85) with increased values of Ångström absorption exponent (AAE) measured in-situ for ambient aerosol at the site. Extending this correlation to 100 % HVOP yields an AAE of 2.6, similar to previous literature reports of the class of light absorbing organic particles known as brown carbon (BrC). Although there are chemical similarities between ASOP and TB, they can be distinguished based on composition inferred from near edge absorption X-ray fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. ASOP were distinguished from TB based on their average −COOH/C=C and −COOH/COH peak ratios, with ASOP having lower ratios. NEXAFS spectra of filtered soil organic brine particles nebulized from field samples of standing water deposited after rain were consistent with ASOP when laboratory particles were generated by bubble bursting at the air-organic brine interface. However, particles generated by nebulizing the bulk volume of soil organic brine had particle composition different from ASOP. These observations are consistent with the raindrop generation mechanism responsible for ASOP emissions in the area of study. In contrast, nebulized samples carry with them higher fractions soil inorganics dissolved in the bulk volume of soil brine that are not aerosolized by the raindrop mechanism. Our results support the bubble bursting mechanism of particle generation during rainfall resulting in the ejection of soil organics into the atmosphere.
MAX-DOAS measurements of tropospheric NO2 and HCHO in Munich and the comparison to OMI and TROPOMI satellite observations
Authors: Chan Ka Lok , Wiegner Matthias , Alberti Carlos , Wenig Mark
Published: March 2020

Abstract. We present two dimensionally scanning Multi-AXis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) observations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) in Munich. Vertical columns and vertical distribution profiles of aerosol extinction coefficient, NO2 and HCHO are retrieved from the 2D MAX-DOAS observations. The measured surface aerosol extinction coefficients and NO2 mixing ratios derived from the retrieved profiles are compared to in-situ monitor data, and the surface NO2 mixing ratios show good agreement with in-situ monitor data with a Pearson correlation coefficient (R) of 0.91. The aerosols optical depths (AODs) show good agreement as well (R = 0.80) when compared to sun-photometer measurements. Tropospheric vertical column densities (VCDs) of NO2 and HCHO derived from the MAX-DOAS measurements are also used to validate OMI and TROPOMI satellite observations. Monthly averaged data show good correlation, however, satellite observations are on average 30 % lower than the MAX-DOAS measurements. Furthermore, the MAX-DOAS observations are used to investigate the spatio-temporal characteristic of NO2 and HCHO in Munich. Analysis of the relations among aerosol, NO2 and HCHO shows higher aerosol to HCHO ratios in winter indicating a longer atmospheric lifetime of aerosol and HCHO. The analysis also suggests that secondary aerosol formation is the major source of aerosols in Munich.
A pan-African high-resolution drought index dataset
Authors: Peng Jian , Dadson Simon , Hirpa Feyera , Dyer Ellen , Lees Thomas , Miralles Diego G. , Vicente-Serrano Sergio M. , Funk Chris
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Droughts in Africa cause severe problems, such as crop failure, food
shortages, famine, epidemics and even mass migration. To minimize the
effects of drought on water and food security on Africa, a high-resolution
drought dataset is essential to establish robust drought hazard
probabilities and to assess drought vulnerability considering a multi- and
cross-sectional perspective that includes crops, hydrological systems,
rangeland and environmental systems. Such assessments are essential for
policymakers, their advisors and other stakeholders to respond to the
pressing humanitarian issues caused by these environmental hazards. In this
study, a high spatial resolution Standardized
Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) drought dataset is presented
to support these assessments. We compute historical SPEI data based on
Climate Hazards group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS)
precipitation estimates and Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM)
potential evaporation estimates. The high-resolution SPEI dataset (SPEI-HR)
presented here spans from 1981 to 2016 (36 years) with 5 km spatial
resolution over the whole of Africa. To facilitate the diagnosis of droughts of
different durations, accumulation periods from 1 to 48 months are provided.
The quality of the resulting dataset was compared with coarse-resolution
SPEI based on Climatic Research Unit (CRU) Time Series (TS) datasets,
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) calculated from the Global
Inventory Monitoring and Modeling System (GIMMS) project and
root zone soil moisture modelled by GLEAM. Agreement found between coarse-resolution SPEI from CRU TS (SPEI-CRU) and the developed SPEI-HR provides
confidence in the estimation of temporal and spatial variability of droughts
in Africa with SPEI-HR. In addition, agreement of SPEI-HR versus NDVI and
root zone soil moisture – with an average correlation coefficient (R) of 0.54
and 0.77, respectively – further implies that SPEI-HR can provide valuable
information for the study of drought-related processes and societal impacts at
sub-basin and district scales in Africa. The dataset is archived in Centre
for Environmental Data Analysis (CEDA) via the following link: https://doi.org/10.5285/bbdfd09a04304158b366777eba0d2aeb
(Peng et al., 2019a).
Assessing the response of groundwater quantity and travel time distribution to 1.5, 2, and 3 °C global warming in a mesoscale central German basin
Authors: Jing Miao , Kumar Rohini , Heße Falk , Thober Stephan , Rakovec Oldrich , Samaniego Luis , Attinger Sabine
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Groundwater is the biggest single source of high-quality freshwater worldwide, which is also continuously threatened by the changing climate. In this paper, we investigate the response of the regional groundwater system to climate change under three global warming levels (1.5, 2, and 3 ∘C) in a central German basin (Nägelstedt). This investigation is conducted by deploying an integrated modeling workflow that consists of a mesoscale hydrologic model (mHM) and a fully distributed groundwater model, OpenGeoSys (OGS). mHM is forced with climate simulations of five general circulation models under three representative concentration pathways. The diffuse recharges estimated by mHM are used as boundary forcings to the OGS groundwater model to compute changes in groundwater levels and travel time distributions. Simulation results indicate that groundwater recharges and levels are expected to increase slightly under future climate scenarios. Meanwhile, the mean travel time is expected to decrease compared to the historical average. However, the ensemble simulations do not all agree on the sign of relative change. Changes in mean travel time exhibit a larger variability than those in groundwater levels. The ensemble simulations do not show a systematic relationship between the projected change (in both groundwater levels and travel times) and the warming level, but they indicate an increased variability in projected changes with adjusting the enhanced warming level from 1.5 to 3 ∘C. Correspondingly, it is highly recommended to restrain the trend of global warming.
Role of friction terms in two-dimensional modelling of dense snow avalanches
Authors: Sanz-Ramos Marcos , Bladé Ernest , Oller Pere , Andrade Carlos A. , Furdada Glòria
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Voellmy–Salm friction model is one of the most extensively used theories for assessing the frictional terms of the equations that describe the motion of non-Newtonian flows such as snow avalanches. Based on the Coulomb- and turbulent-type friction, this model has been implemented in numerical tools for computation of snow avalanche dynamics based on the Shallow Water Equations (SWE). The range of the Voellmy parameters has been discussed widely, focusing mainly on the required values for achieving good results for the description of the moment and position of the avalanche when it stops. However, effects of parameters on the SWE terms, and their physical interpretation have not been investigated sufficiently. This work focuses on analysing the effects of the Voellmy–Salm parameters and cohesion on the avalanche characteristics and evolution of the new SWE-based numerical model Iber. In the numerical scheme, an upwind discretization was used for the solid friction and cohesion terms, while a centred one was used for the turbulent friction. Results show that the Voellmy–Salm model dominates the avalanche dynamics and the cohesion model allows the representation of long tails, whereas the friction and cohesion parameters may vary within a wide range.
Influencia de la innovación en el proceso productivo
Authors: Rivera Ruiz Yeyson Ariel , Landero Sánchez José Faustino , Dávila Cruz Santiago Euardo , Sevilla Rizo Alberto
Published: March 2020

La innovación tiende a mejorar el proceso productivo dentro de una empresa, aquello que pueda ser más atractivo y presentable, que proporcione cambios e introduzca novedades para lograr los objetivos y metas planteadas. En el contexto actual es necesario el estímulo al cambio. Este trabajo investigativo se enfocó en determinar la influencia de la innovación en el proceso productivo de la estación de servicios Inés Galeano, en el periodo 2018. Para realizar este tipo de estudio se tomó en cuenta la metodología, que consiste en buscar las fuentes más creíbles como es la Bibliografía en la Biblioteca Urania Zelaya, FAREM-Estelí, Libros, tesis relacionadas con el tema, libros en la página web. Se analizó el impacto que han tenido las mejoras aplicadas a los elementos más importantes de los procesos de trabajo que se realizan en la organización, en los servicios que se ofertan. Es una investigación aplicada, de carácter descriptivo y se enmarca metodológicamente en un enfoque mixto y de corte transversal. La muestra la constituyeron los 22 colaboradores que forman parte de la empresa. Para la recolección de esta información, fue necesaria la utilización de instrumentos como encuestas y entrevistas, la cual sirvió como base para conocer los problemas existentes en dicho lugar. Este estudio se basó en el supuesto el cual sugiere que la innovación, contribuye al proceso productivo de la empresa. Los principales resultados se enfocan en lo siguiente: se establece la influencia de la innovación en el proceso productivo, es decir de qué manera han aportado los cambios innovadores en los procesos de trabajo de la empresa y se describe las innovaciones en los aspectos más relevantes de sus servicios, así como se identificaron los beneficios de las mejoras aplicadas en los aspectos más relevantes de la organización.
Christian-Muslim Coexistence in Peshawar City
Authors: Rahman Khaista , Akram Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Several scholarly works and media reports claim that the Christian minority in Pakistan is mistreated, persecuted, and discriminated against, giving an overall impression as if Christians are alienated from the main social stream everywhere in Pakistan and that the public at large is responsible for their miseries. Noticing that most of the above-mentioned works are theoretical or based on journalistic information, an attempt has been made through this empirical case study of Peshawar city to know the situation of Christian-Muslim coexistence on the ground. For this purpose, a mix method approach was used combining quantitative survey, qualitative interviews, and group discussions. Contrary to the prevailing negative impression, this study reveals that to a large measure Christian and Muslim communities are living together peacefully, at least in Peshawar city. Quantitatively, 68% of respondents, both Christians and Muslims, viewed their mutual social and neighborhood interaction as positive. The results of qualitative interviews also supported these findings. It is, therefore, concluded that apart from some Christian concerns which need to be addressed, overall Christian-Muslim coexistence at the societal level might not be marred by religious differences everywhere in Pakistan. Negative generalizations in this regard need to be revisited, to say the least.
A Study on Cultural Characteristics of Taoist Clothing
Authors: Yang Rong , Yang Xiaoming
Published: March 2020

Dress and personal adornment of Taoism, also short for Taoist Clothing. Its refers to the type of clothing with ‘Tao’ as the core concept. Taoist clothing as a kind of religious symbolic clothing, it can be described as a typical carrier of Chinese traditional culture (especially the Han nationality), which contains Chinese traditional religion, philosophy, aesthetics and technology. By studying the history, form and cultural symbols of Taoist clothing has important significance for help us to deeply understand Chinese traditional costume culture and to discover the valuable cultural elements contained in them.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 12, No. 4
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: March 2020

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 12, No. 4, 2020.
Current Situation of Renewable Energy in Saudi Arabia: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Zohbi Gaydaa Al , AlAmri Fahad Gallab
Published: March 2020

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia set out the national Vision 2030 that aims to accelerate efforts toward attaining sustainable development goals. In the framework of this Vision, Renewable energy plan has been set up and aims to ensure renewable energy growth that presents a key priority for achieving sustainable development. The present paper highlights the current situation of pollution and renewable energy in the Kingdom and presents the policies and actions stipulated in the Kingdom’s Vision 2030 to develop a renewable energy sector. In addition, the barriers facing the implementation of solar and wind energy in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been carried out. Also, the different challenges facing the waste management has been presented. The paper concludes with some recommendations to develop the renewable energy sector in the Kingdom.
Impact of Network Topology on the Spread of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Pinto Eduardo R. , Nepomuceno Erivelton G. , Campanharo Andriana S. L. O.
Published: March 2020

The complex network theory constitutes a natural support for the study of a disease propagation. In this work, we present a study of an infectious disease spread with the use of this theory in combination with the Individual Based Model. More speciﬁcally, we use several complex network models widely known in the literature to verify their topological effects in the propagation of the disease. In general, complex networks with different properties result in curves of infected individuals with different behaviors, and thus, the growth of a given disease is highly sensitive to the network model used. The disease eradication is observed when the vaccination strategy of 10% of the population is used in combination with the random, small world or modular network models, which opens an important space for control actions that focus on changing the topology of a complex network as a form of reduction or even elimination of an infectious disease.
Preferences of Different Target Groups of Consumers in Case of Furniture Purchase
Authors: Oblak Leon , Glavonjić Branko , Pirc Barčić Andreja , Bizjak Govedič Teja , Grošelj Petra
Published: March 2020

In a market environment where changes are constant, understanding customer buying behaviour is crucial for companies in order to operate both successfully and effectively. We analysed how different age groups and net monthly incomes per household influence consumer decisions in Slovenia, Serbia and Croatia in the case of furniture purchases, when the three main factors are material, price and service. Each factor was further divided into three levels. In the case of material, the respondents could choose between solid wood, chipboard and fibreboard or other materials. In the case of price, they could choose between a low, middle or high price range, and in the case of services, they could choose between pre-sales, sales and after-sales services. With conjoint analysis, we analysed the markets in Slovenia, Serbia and Croatia. The important differences in consumer buying behaviour in these three countries were discovered. The results of the research will serve as a useful basis for wood sector companies to design more successful marketing strategies, which will help them to achieve their goals in different target markets.
Tobacco control in China and the road to Healthy China 2030
Authors: Guo H. , Quan G.
Published: March 2020

Healthy China 2030 aims to reduce the adult smoking rate from 27.7% in 2015 to 20% by 2030. Achieving this goal requires a review of the tobacco control measures introduced in China to date, the gaps that remain and the opportunities ahead. In 2008, the World Health Organization
introduced six measures to reduce demand for tobacco called MPOWER. The progress China has made in implementing these measure varies: 1) monitor tobacco use and prevention policies. The surveillance on tobacco use has been rigorous, but the monitoring and evaluation of tobacco control policies
needs to be strengthened; 2) protect people from tobacco use: pushes for national tobacco control legislation have stalled, but 18 subnational legislations have passed; 3) offer help to quit tobacco use. The accessibility and quality of cessation services needs to be improved; 4) warn about
the dangers of tobacco. While there are no pictorial health warnings, tobacco control advocates have launched a series of anti-smoking media campaigns to inform the public; 5) enforce bans on tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship. Legal loopholes and poor enforcement remain challenges;
6) raise taxes on tobacco: cigarettes in China are relatively cheap and increasingly affordable, which demonstrates the need for further tobacco tax increases indexed to inflation and income. China maintains a tobacco monopoly that interferes with tobacco control efforts and fails to regulate
tobacco products from the public health perspective. Effective MPOWER measures, which depend upon the removal of tobacco industry interference from policymaking, are key to achieving the goal set by Healthy China 2030.
Rahner’s “Liturgy of the World” as Hermeneutics of Another World That Is Possible
Authors: Stosur David A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: March 2020

This article explores Karl Rahner’s conception of the “Liturgy of the World” in light of the theme for the 2019 Annual Convention of the Catholic Theological Society of America, “Another World is Possible: Violence, Resistance and Transformation.” Employing Rahner’s hermeneutics of worship, violence can be conceived as a denial of this cosmic liturgy, transformation as conversion to it, and resistance as the stance opposing the denial. Resistance entails solidarity with all humanity in liturgical participation and in action for social justice. Metz’s political-theological critique of Rahner, with assistance from Bruce Morrill’s analysis of Metz’s work for liturgical theology, and Rahner’s reference to Teilhard’s “Cosmic Mass,” taken today in light of contemporary cosmology with assistance from Roger Haight’s non-dualistic approach to models of God, are among the implications to be considered for engaging Rahner’s vision in ongoing efforts at liturgical renewal.
Early Post-traumatic Seizure Occurrence in Pediatric Patients Receiving Levetiracetam Prophylaxis With Severe Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Kolf Meghan J. , McPherson Christopher C. , Kniska Kara S. , Luecke Caitlyn M. , Lahart Michael A. , Pineda Jose A.
Published: March 2020

OBJECTIVE Although levetiracetam is used for the prevention of early Post-traumatic seizures (EPTS) after traumatic brain injury (TBI), limited data exist describing the incidence of seizures in pediatric patients receiving levetiracetam prophylaxis. The objective of this research is to evaluate the prevalence of EPTS in children given prophylactic levetiracetam after severe TBI.

METHODS This study was conducted at a Level 1 pediatric trauma center and included pediatric patients with severe TBI who received levetiracetam for EPTS prophylaxis. Demographics and clinical information were retrospectively collected and evaluated. The primary outcome was prevalence of clinical or electrographic seizures within 7 days of initial injury as noted in the EMR.

RESULTS In 4 of 44 patients (9%), seizures developed despite levetiracetam prophylaxis. Concurrent use of other medications with antiepileptic properties was common (91%). There were no differences in demographic or baseline clinical characteristics between the group of patients experiencing seizures and those who did not. However, craniotomy was significantly more common in the seizure group (75% vs. 18%, p = 0.03).

CONCLUSIONS Children receiving prophylaxis with levetiracetam after severe TBI had a lower incidence of seizures (9%) than had previously been reported in the literature (18%). Given the limited literature available supporting the use of levetiracetam for the prevention of EPTS in children experiencing severe TBI, further study is needed to support routine use.
Then: Transparency in My Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Bay-Williams Jennifer M.
Published: March 2020

Transparencies were commonplace in the 1980s when the first NCTM Standards were released. This article reflects on how the use of an overhead projector and transparencies helped to enact the Process Standards - and make the real purpose of learning mathematics more transparent to students.
Un Manolito Gafotas modélico: la purificación y corrección en la traducción al inglés de la serie española
Authors: Travalia Carolina
Published: March 2020

Los libros de la serie española Manolito Gafotas se han traducido a más de veinte lenguas. Una de las traducciones más recientes es la traducción al inglés (2008), publicada catorce años después de que se editara el primer libro de la serie en España. En este trabajo, la traductora al inglés del segundo y tercer tomo de la serie (2009 y 2010, respectivamente) examinará la manera en la que se creó una obra aceptable según los estándares de la culta meta conservadora: los Estados Unidos. Bajo presión de la editorial, se redujeron o eliminaron muchas referencias de los libros originales que se consideraban inapropiadas o una mala influencia para los jóvenes lectores. En este sentido, se minimizaron referencias al alcohol, al tabaco, a la violencia, a las funciones corporales, al comportamiento irrespetuoso, así como menciones de ciertos grupos étnicos y alusiones que se podían interpretar de forma sexual. La autora de este trabajo examinará cómo la versión inglesa se alinea con las tendencias de la literatura infantil en general y reflejan específicamente los valores políticamente correctos asociados con la literatura infantil en los Estados Unidos. La consecuencia más importante de estos cambios es la creación de un nuevo Manolito modélico.
De agricultoras a bioingenieras: Sembrando genes, cosechando moléculas
Authors: Orzáez Diego
Published: March 2020

La agricultura del siglo XXI se enfrenta a grandes desafíos a los que es necesario responder de forma urgente. En la última década se han desarrollado nuevas tecnologías de mejora genética que pueden contribuir a afrontar estos retos. Estas tecnologías no son solo más precisas y eficientes, sino también más sencillas y accesibles, lo que facilitará una progresiva democratización de la biotecnología agraria. En este artículo analizamos el desarrollo de la agricultura del futuro bajo las premisas de una democratización tecnológica y una relajación regulatoria. En este escenario cabría esperar un aumento de la diversidad de variedades y especies cultivadas, un fuerte desarrollo de cultivos biofactoría y, a más largo plazo, la aparición de cultivos inteligentes con capacidades aumentadas.
GPC1 specific CAR-T cells eradicate established solid tumor without adverse effects and synergize with anti-PD-1 Ab
Authors: Kato Daiki , Yaguchi Tomonori , Iwata Takashi , Katoh Yuki , Morii Kenji , Tsubota Kinya , Takise Yoshiaki , Tamiya Masaki , Kamada Haruhiko , Akiba Hiroki , Tsumoto Kouhei , Serada Satoshi , Naka Tetsuji , Nishimura Ryohei , Nakagawa Takayuki , Kawakami Yutaka
Published: March 2020

Current xenogeneic mouse models cannot evaluate on-target off-tumor adverse effect, hindering the development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies for solid tumors, due to limited human/mouse cross-reactivity of antibodies used in CAR and sever graft-versus-host disease induced by administered human T cells. We have evaluated safety and antitumor efficacy of CAR-T cells targeting glypican-1 (GPC1) overexpressed in various solid tumors. GPC1-specific human and murine CAR-T cells generated from our original anti-human/mouse GPC1 antibody showed strong antitumor effects in xenogeneic and syngeneic mouse models, respectively. Importantly, the murine CAR-T cells enhanced endogenous T cell responses against a non-GPC1 tumor antigen through the mechanism of antigen-spreading and showed synergistic antitumor effects with anti-PD-1 antibody without any adverse effects in syngeneic models. Our study shows the potential of GPC1 as a CAR-T cell target for solid tumors and the importance of syngeneic and xenogeneic models for evaluating their safety and efficacy.
β3-Adrenoceptor redistribution impairs NO/cGMP/PDE2 signalling in failing cardiomyocytes
Authors: Schobesberger Sophie , Wright Peter T , Poulet Claire , Sanchez Alonso Mardones Jose L , Mansfield Catherine , Friebe Andreas , Harding Sian E , Balligand Jean-Luc , Nikolaev Viacheslav O , Gorelik Julia
Published: March 2020

Cardiomyocyte β3-adrenoceptors (β3-ARs) coupled to soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC)-dependent production of the second messenger 3’,5’-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) have been shown to protect from heart failure. However, the exact localization of these receptors to fine membrane structures and subcellular compartmentation of β3-AR/cGMP signals underpinning this protection in health and disease remain elusive. Here, we used a Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET)-based cGMP biosensor combined with scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) to show that functional β3-ARs are mostly confined to the T-tubules of healthy rat cardiomyocytes. Heart failure, induced via myocardial infarction, causes a decrease of the cGMP levels generated by these receptors and a change of subcellular cGMP compartmentation. Furthermore, attenuated cGMP signals led to impaired phosphodiesterase two dependent negative cGMP-to-cAMP cross-talk. In conclusion, topographic and functional reorganization of the β3-AR/cGMP signalosome happens in heart failure and should be considered when designing new therapies acting via this receptor.
TMEM87a/Elkin1, a component of a novel mechanoelectrical transduction pathway, modulates melanoma adhesion and migration
Authors: Patkunarajah Amrutha , Stear Jeffrey H , Moroni Mirko , Schroeter Lioba , Blaszkiewicz Jedrzej , Tearle Jacqueline LE , Cox Charles D , Fürst Carina , Sánchez-Carranza Oscar , Ocaña Fernández María del Ángel , Fleischer Raluca , Eravci Murat , Weise Christoph , Martinac Boris , Biro Maté , Lewin Gary R , Poole Kate
Published: March 2020

Mechanoelectrical transduction is a cellular signalling pathway where physical stimuli are converted into electro-chemical signals by mechanically activated ion channels. We describe here the presence of mechanically activated currents in melanoma cells that are dependent on TMEM87a, which we have renamed Elkin1. Heterologous expression of this protein in PIEZO1-deficient cells, that exhibit no baseline mechanosensitivity, is sufficient to reconstitute mechanically activated currents. Melanoma cells lacking functional Elkin1 exhibit defective mechanoelectrical transduction, decreased motility and increased dissociation from organotypic spheroids. By analysing cell adhesion properties, we demonstrate that Elkin1 deletion is associated with increased cell-substrate adhesion and decreased homotypic cell-cell adhesion strength. We therefore conclude that Elkin1 supports a PIEZO1-independent mechanoelectrical transduction pathway and modulates cellular adhesions and regulates melanoma cell migration and cell-cell interactions.
The primary structural photoresponse of phytochrome proteins captured by a femtosecond X-ray laser
Authors: Claesson Elin , Wahlgren Weixiao Yuan , Takala Heikki , Pandey Suraj , Castillon Leticia , Kuznetsova Valentyna , Henry Léocadie , Panman Matthijs , Carrillo Melissa , Kübel Joachim , Nanekar Rahul , Isaksson Linnéa , Nimmrich Amke , Cellini Andrea , Morozov Dmitry , Maj Michał , Kurttila Moona , Bosman Robert , Nango Eriko , Tanaka Rie , Tanaka Tomoyuki , Fangjia Luo , Iwata So , Owada Shigeki , Moffat Keith , Groenhof Gerrit , Stojković Emina A , Ihalainen Janne A , Schmidt Marius , Westenhoff Sebastian
Published: March 2020

Phytochrome proteins control the growth, reproduction, and photosynthesis of plants, fungi, and bacteria. Light is detected by a bilin cofactor, but it remains elusive how this leads to activation of the protein through structural changes. We present serial femtosecond X-ray crystallographic data of the chromophore-binding domains of a bacterial phytochrome at delay times of 1 ps and 10 ps after photoexcitation. The data reveal a twist of the D-ring, which leads to partial detachment of the chromophore from the protein. Unexpectedly, the conserved so-called pyrrole water is photodissociated from the chromophore, concomitant with movement of the A-ring and a key signaling aspartate. The changes are wired together by ultrafast backbone and water movements around the chromophore, channeling them into signal transduction towards the output domains. We suggest that the observed collective changes are important for the phytochrome photoresponse, explaining the earliest steps of how plants, fungi and bacteria sense red light.
Characterization of cold stress responses in different rapeseed ecotypes based on metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses
Authors: Jian Hongju , Xie Ling , Wang Yanhua , Cao Yanru , Wan Mengyuan , Lv Dianqiu , Li Jiana , Lu Kun , Xu Xinfu , Liu Liezhao
Published: March 2020

The winter oilseed ecotype is more tolerant to low temperature than the spring ecotype. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses of leaf samples of five spring Brassica napus L. (B. napus) ecotype lines and five winter B. napus ecotype lines treated at 4 °C and 28 °C were performed. A total of 25,460 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of the spring oilseed ecotype and 28,512 DEGs of the winter oilseed ecotype were identified after cold stress; there were 41 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in the spring and 47 in the winter oilseed ecotypes. Moreover, more than 46.2% DEGs were commonly detected in both ecotypes, and the extent of the changes were much more pronounced in the winter than spring ecotype. By contrast, only six DEMs were detected in both the spring and winter oilseed ecotypes. Eighty-one DEMs mainly belonged to primary metabolites, including amino acids, organic acids and sugars. The large number of specific genes and metabolites emphasizes the complex regulatory mechanisms involved in the cold stress response in oilseed rape. Furthermore, these data suggest that lipid, ABA, secondary metabolism, signal transduction and transcription factors may play distinct roles in the spring and winter ecotypes in response to cold stress. Differences in gene expression and metabolite levels after cold stress treatment may have contributed to the cold tolerance of the different oilseed ecotypes.
Overexpression of PheNAC3 from moso bamboo promotes leaf senescence and enhances abiotic stress tolerance in Arabidopsis
Authors: Xie Lihua , Cai Miaomiao , Li Xiangyu , Zheng Huifang , Xie Yali , Cheng Zhanchao , Bai Yucong , Li Juan , Mu Shaohua , Gao Jian
Published: March 2020

The NAC family is one of the largest transcription factor families unique to plants, which regulates the growth and development, biotic and abiotic stress responses, and maturation and senescence in plants. In this study, PheNAC3, a NAC gene, was isolated and characterized from moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis). PheNAC3 belong to the NAC1 subgroup and has a conserved NAC domain on the N-terminus, which with 88.74% similarity to ONAC011 protein. PheNAC3 localized in the nucleus and exhibited transactivation activity. PheNAC3 was upregulated during the process of senescence of leaves and detected shoots. PheNAC3 was also induced by ABA, MeJA, NaCl and darkness, but it had no remarkable response to PEG and SA treatments. Overexpression of PheNAC3 could cause precocious senescence in Arabidopsis. Transgenic Arabidopsis displayed faster seed germination, better seedling growth, and a higher survival rate than the wild-type under salt or drought stress conditions. Moreover, AtSAG12 associated with senescence and AtRD29A and AtRD29b related to ABA were upregulated by PheNAC3 overexpression, but AtCAB was inhibited. These findings show that PheNAC3 may participate in leaf senescence and play critical roles in the salt and drought stress response.
Probabilistic model based on circular statistics for quantifying coverage depth dynamics originating from DNA replication
Authors: Suzuki Shinya , Yamada Takuji
Published: March 2020

Background

With the development of DNA sequencing technology, static omics profiling in microbial communities, such as taxonomic and functional gene composition determination, has become possible. Additionally, the recently proposed in situ growth rate estimation method allows the applicable range of current comparative metagenomics to be extended to dynamic profiling. However, with this method, the applicable target range is presently limited. Furthermore, the characteristics of coverage depth during replication have not been sufficiently investigated.

Results

We developed a probabilistic model that mimics coverage depth dynamics. This statistical model explains the bias that occurs in the coverage depth due to DNA replication and errors that arise from coverage depth observation. Although our method requires a complete genome sequence, it involves a stable to low coverage depth (>0.01×). We also evaluated the estimation using real whole-genome sequence datasets and reproduced the growth dynamics observed in previous studies. By utilizing a circular distribution in the model, our method facilitates the quantification of unmeasured coverage depth features, including peakedness, skewness, and degree of density, around the replication origin. When we applied the model to time-series culture samples, the skewness parameter, which indicates the asymmetry, was stable over time; however, the peakedness and degree of density parameters, which indicate the concentration level at the replication origin, changed dynamically. Furthermore, we demonstrated the activity measurement of multiple replication origins in a single chromosome.

Conclusions

We devised a novel framework for quantifying coverage depth dynamics. Our study is expected to serve as a basis for replication activity estimation from a broader perspective using the statistical model.
Nephroprotective Effect of Cissampelos owariensis Extract on Renal Histomorphology of Wistar Rats during Exposure to Carbon Tetrachloride- induced Nephropathy
Authors: Omotoso Dayo Rotimi , Lawal Olayinka Simbiat , Olatomide Oluwasegun Davies , Okojie Itohan Grace
Published: March 2020

To assess nephroprotective potency of methanolic extract of C. owariensis on renal histomorphology of Wistar rats during exposure to nephropathic activity of CCl4.

Twenty eight (28) albino Wistar rats divided into four groups which include normal control group administered with vehicles -distilled water (1 ml/kg b.w.) and olive oil (3 ml/kg b.w.), experimental control group administered with CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w.) twice a week, first treatment group administered with CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w.) twice a week + methanolic extract of C. owariensis (100 mg/kg b.w.) daily and second treatment group administered with CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w.) twice a week + methanolic extract of C. owariensis (300 mg/kg b.w.) daily for twenty eight (28) days. Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of C. owariensis was carried out using GC-MS. The body weight of study animals was measure at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 of study. Then, kidney tissue of study animals was collected, weighed and processed for histopathological study. Tissue sections were stained using H & E, examined under microscope, photomicrographs were generated and observable histopathological changes were quantified using image-J software.

Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extract of C. owariensis showed abundance of phenolic compounds which may in turn confer antioxidant property on the extract. Results of this study also showed that treatment with extract helped to reduce body and tissue weight loss that follows exposure to CCl4. Also, treatment with the extract helped to reduce significantly (p < 0.05) renal histopathological changes following exposure to CCl4.

The methanolic extract of C. owariensis contains abundant phenolic compounds which confer antioxidant property that in turn mediate the nephroprotective potency of the extract against nephropathic effect of CCl4.
Forest Dependency and Conservation Attitude of Indigenous Communities: Lessons from Komolchari Village Common Forest of Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
Authors: Chakma Dipannita , Huda S. M. Shamsul , Hossain Md. A. , Nath Tapan K.
Published: March 2020

Aims: The study explored the role of Komolchari Village Common Forest (VCF) of Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh in the development of the socio-economic condition of the local communities and their perceptions about VCF conservation and management.

Study Design: The research is conducted through rigorous literature review and semi-structured household interview of the associated communities of the study area.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was done in three villages around Komolchari VCF from February 2014 to January 2015. It is located in sadar upazila of Khagrachhari hilly district.

Methodology: We selected the households through simple random sampling. The households were categorized into three groups based on their socio-economic status. Results were presented together as there were no significant differences between datasets obtained from the three  villages.

Results: Agriculture is the major occupation of the poor, whereas medium and rich peoples were doing business and service. Forest products i.e. fuel-wood, pole, bamboo, wild fruits, vegetables, and medicinal plants are regularly collected by the poor in a higher amount than that of medium and rich socio-economic groups. The study indicated 74% of the poor households extracted their necessary fuel wood from the VCF. Forest dependency showed that 31% households receive more than 40% of total annual income from the VCF. Traditionally, the VCF has been managed by the communities, but presently they formed a organization for management. Interventions of government and non-government organizations rose mass awareness about forest, biodiversity, and environment, which made them feel responsible for VCF management and conservation. Thus, 85% people expressed their interest to participate in the conservation initiatives.

Conclusion: Poor dwellers are more dependent on the Komolchari VCF as they extract more forest resources than the higher income groups. Thus, poor might be the major target group for further development to reduce their forest dependency.
Micronutrient Delivery System for Induction of Organogenesis in Banana in vitro Cultures
Authors: Londe Luciana Cardoso Nogueira , Vendrame Wagner A. , Oliveira Alexandre Bosco de , Cardoso Maurício Mendes
Published: March 2020

Micropropagation techniques represent one of the technologies, which allows the large-scale production of banana and the culture medium composition is one of the major factors affecting in vitro propagation of plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a new micronutrient delivery system based on ionic Cu and Zn for inducing in vitro organogenesis in two banana cultivars in vitro cultures, Grand Naine and Pysang Ceylon. The first experiment evaluated different concentrations of BAM-FX® (0.16, 0.32, 0.64, 1.28, and 2.56 µl ml-1) added to the MS culture medium. The concentration of 0.16 µl ml-1 BAM-FX® provided the best results for in vitro shoot and root growth and development. Therefore, a second experiment was performed to evaluate the potential of combining BAM-FX® with a reduced concentration of MS medium (¼, ½, and ¾ strength), or the use of BAM-FX® alone without MS medium. Results indicate that MS at ¾ strength combined with 0.16 µl ml-1 BAM-FX® provided proper in vitro shoot and root growth and development. The use of BAM-FX® in vitro requires additional studies to verify the feasibility of this product for efficient micropropagation of banana, as well as for other species.
Troubling the Discursive Moment: Using Black Texts for Activating Dialogue
Authors: Gnanadass Edith , Merriweather Lisa R.
Published: March 2020

In this article, the authors challenge the ongoing dehumanization of people of color by arguing for the use of Black texts as core readings in courses on adult learning rather than as add‐ons or “special topics.”
Community‐Based Art Making: Creating Spaces for Changing the Story
Authors: Butterwick Shauna , Selman Jan
Published: March 2020

This article helps us see how, through revisiting a range of stories, community‐based participatory theater can create conditions for acknowledging and valuing difference and promoting solidarity.
Counteracting Xenophobia in South Africa Through Popular Education
Authors: Hendricks Natheem , Mati Shepi
Published: March 2020

This article makes a contribution to understanding human rights peer education in the South African context and the extent to which such provision could enable participants to develop a critical understanding of human rights and xenophobia.
Groundtruthing: Harnessing Hope in a Troubled Time
Authors: English Leona M.
Published: March 2020

This article discusses teaching and learning approaches that illustrate “groundtruthing,” a practice that brings us close to where people are living, working and being, as a way to promote transformational change.
Letter Writing as Activism
Authors: Nieves Yolanda
Published: March 2020

In this article, the author describes the curriculum of a freshman composition class for socially marginalized students that uses an imaginative service‐learning component to nurture agency and voice.
Truthiness, Alternative Facts, and Experiential Learning
Authors: Michelson Elana
Published: March 2020

This article provides a critical analysis of adult educators’ cherished notion of “experiential learning” and of the ways in which our assumptions limit our ability to respond effectively to a world of “truthiness” and “alternative facts.”
Critical Engagement for Active Participation: The Digital University in an Age of Populism
Authors: MacNeill Sheila , Johnston Bill , Smyth Keith
Published: March 2020

In this article, the authors describe a new vision of open education, a “public pedagogy,” that can respond to both the neoliberal university and contemporary rightwing media.