bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PSICODRAMA BIPESSOAL NO TRATAMENTO DO EMBOTAMENTO DA ESPONTANEIDADE DECORRENTE DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: Carvalho Cristiane , Castro Amanda
Published: March 2023

RESUMO O isolamento social restringiu a liberdade das pessoas e intensificou o psicodrama on-line na pandemia. Este artigo objetiva compreender como o psicodrama bipessoal on-line pode tratar o embotamento da espontaneidade decorrente do isolamento social na pandemia de COVID-19, incluindo etapas, instrumentos e técnicas do atendimento. Foram realizadas cinco sessões de psicodrama bipessoal on-line, em função do contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. O isolamento social pode embotar a espontaneidade. A abordagem do psicodrama bipessoal com suas técnicas traz embasamento para a prática à distância e permite reconhecer conservas culturais, novas possibilidades de desempenho de papéis e treinar a espontaneidade para a sobrevivência após a pandemia de COVID-19.
Cow milk or milk replacer in the diet of Holstein calves: effects on complete blood count, biochemistry variables, and performance
Authors: Casagrande Ana Claudia , Machado Giovana Carolina P. , Brunetto Andrei Lucas Rebelatto , Vedovatto Marcelo , Galli Gabriela Miotto , Silva Aleksandro Schafer Da
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate whether feeding calves with replacers instead of cow's milk interferes with complete blood count, biochemistry variables, survival, and weight gain, and the cost-benefit of these feeds in the suckling phase. We used 16 calves of the Holstein breed with an average of 8±4 days and 39±6 kg of average body weight, randomly divided into two groups: Replacer Group (N=8), receiving four liters of replacer milk during the 60 experimental days; and the Milk Group (N=8), calves receiving four liters of cow's milk. We observed that animals fed with cow's milk had higher body weight and weight gain at all weightings compared to those who consumed the dairy replacer. There was no calve death during the study. The cost (R$) of the diet of the calves that consumed replacer was lower. However, if we consider the weight gain during the experiment, the cost to produce 1 kg of body weight was similar between the treatments, because the calves that consumed milk were weaned with an average of 19kg more body weight. In conclusion, the use of dairy replacers as a replacer for cow's milk caused calves to have an overall lower performance compared to those who received cow's milk during the suckling phase.
L1 influence on the L2 acquisition of English word-final nasal place contrasts: An electropalatographic study of L1 Japanese and Spanish learners
Authors: Colantoni Laura , Kochetov Alexei , Steele Jeffrey
Published: March 2023

Languages differ in the extent to which phonologicalcontrasts observed in onsets are neutralized syllable finally. We examined theacquisition of English syllable-final /m n ŋ/ by L2 learners whose L1 nasalcodas lack independent place (Japanese) or neutralize to a single place(Spanish). Three learning outcomes were hypothesized, based on whetherlearners’ production is shaped mainly by coda complexity, perception of thecontrast or L1 dialectal realizations. Data from three reading tasks collectedfrom six learners (three of each L1) and two English-speaking controls wereexamined using electropalatography (EPG). Linguopalatal contact patterns wereanalyzed quantitatively and qualitatively (presence, absence, and degree ofalveolar and velar closures). While difficulty in realizing place contrasts wasobserved with all L2 speakers, contrary to our hypothesis, the L1 Spanishspeakers were less accurate than their Japanese-speaking peers, particularly inthe production of word-final prevocalic /ŋ/ for which a high rate ofneutralization to /n/ was witnessed. However, the Japanese learners’ greaterapparent accuracy was due to the presence of non-target final devoicedepenthetic vowels and/or stop-like releases. Overall, the results provideinsights into developmental stages in the acquisition of new positionalcontrasts, including evidence for first language and even idiolectal influence,and highlight the difficulty of blocking L1 neutralization processes.
Microrganismos multirresistentes nas mãos de profissionais de saúde em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Soares Marina Aparecida , Rodrigues Nayara de Moura , Menezes Marcela Ramos de Oliveira , Gerace Daniela Neves , Duarte Cristiana Martins , Brandão Priscila Martins , Borges Lizandra Ferreira de Almeida
Published: March 2023

Justificativa e Objetivos: A relação dos microrganismos multirresistentes com as infecções hospitalares deixam poucas expectativas para o futuro, por isso este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os microrganismos presentes nas mãos dos profissionais em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e seu papel nas infecções hospitalares. Métodos: Foram coletadas amostras das mãos dos profissionais de saúde de UTI adulto e neonatal, utilizando o método do saco estéril de polietileno seguido de análises microbiológicas. Resultados: Foi coletado um total de 51 amostras, 26 de UTI adulto e 25 de UTI neonatal, sendo 56,8% de profissionais da enfermagem. Foi realizado o isolamento de bactérias, em que cerca de 60% dos voluntários apresentaram contaminação das mãos por microrganismos da microbiota transitória, e em sua maioria resistentes aos β-lactâmicos, inclusive com perfil ESBL (54,5%), principalmente Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusão: Estes resultados demonstram que microrganismos associados às infecções hospitalares estão presentes nas mãos dos profissionais de saúde, e que, para tanto, a higienização das mãos está sendo deficiente ou negligenciada. Para diminuir as taxas de infecção hospitalar são necessários vários fatores, como educação continuada, monitoramento da adesão à pratica de higiene das mãos, manutenção e instalação de equipamentos, além do uso racional de antibióticos.
Incidência de pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica e os agentes etiológicos mais prevalentes em uma unidade de terapia intensiva no interior de São Paulo
Authors: Brentini Laura Cardoso , Araújo Eduardo César Silva , Silveira Thais Haddad , Negrinho Nádia Bruna da Silva , Pedigone Maria Auxiliadora Mancilha , Brunherotti Marisa Afonso Andrade
Published: March 2023

Justificativa e Objetivos: Analisar taxa e densidade de incidência da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica e os agentes etiológicos mais prevalentes na cultura de secreção traqueal em uma unidade de terapia intensiva adulto. Métodos: Estudo transversal e retrospectivo, com dados referentes às taxas e densidade de incidência da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica e aos micro-organismos isolados em cultura de secreção traqueal de pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva adulto em um período de 12 meses. Resultados: A taxa anual da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica teve uma média de 5,5%, com aumento progressivo nos meses do segundo semestre. O valor médio da densidade de incidência encontrado foi de 17,97 pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica/1000 pacientes-dia em ventilação mecânica. Foram identificados nove micro-organismos isolados nas culturas de secreção traqueal. Os patógenos mais prevalentes identificados neste estudo foram Klebsiella pneumoniae e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Conclusão: A taxa e a densidade de incidência da pneumonia associada à ventilação mecânica estavam próximas ao indicado pela literatura e a prevalência dos patógenos semelhante a outros estudos. Entretanto, estratégias setoriais deverão ser ajustadas para promover a proteção à saúde dos indivíduos em tratamento.
Caracterização das infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde em um hospital de ensino
Authors: Tauffer Josni , Carmello Sabrina de Kássia Menegusso , Berticelli Manoela Cristina , Zack Bruna Tais , Kassim Maria Julia Navarro , Alves Débora Cristina Ignásio , Costa Andrea Monastier
Published: March 2023

Justificativa e Objetivos: Caracterizar as principais Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS) de um hospital público de ensino. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico, descritivo, retrospectivo, transversal e quantitativo realizado por meio de análise de documentos internos do Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (SCIH) referente às infecções de corrente sanguínea, infecções de sítio cirúrgico e pneumonia hospitalar identificadas em pacientes admitidos na instituição entre maio 2017 e maio 2018. Resultados: Foram notificados 846 casos de IRAS no período do estudo. Deste total, foram analisados 582 prontuários, dos quais 298 (51,21%) do sexo masculino e 284 (48,79%) do sexo feminino. Dentre as infecções mais prevalentes, 197 (23,28%) eram do sítio cirúrgico, 183 (21,63%) de pneumonia associada a ventilação mecânica e 164 (19,38%) eram infecção primária de corrente sanguínea. Os microrganismos predominantes encontrados após análise microbiológica foram: Acinetobacter spp. em 33 (21%) infecções, seguido do gênero Pseudomonas spp. em 30 (19,1%) e Enterobacter spp. em 17 (10,8%). As especialidades médicas com maior prevalência de IRAS, foram a neurologia com 218 (25,76%) infecções, clínica geral com 157 (18,55%) e pediatria com 154 (18,20%). Conclusão: As infecções de sitio cirúrgico, pneumonia associada a ventilação mecânica e infecção primária de corrente sanguínea foram prevalentes. O apoio laboratorial foi um grande aliado na identificação do microrganismo patogênico, e os de maior incidência nas IRAS foram Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp. e Enterobacter spp. com. Na análise por especialidade, a neurologia teve significativa predominância nas infecções relacionadas a assistência.
Estramipyme. Metodología fácil y ágil para diseñar una estrategia competitiva
Authors:   Universidad EAFIT, Rivas-Montoya Luz María
Published: March 2023

El conocimiento en estrategia ha sido difundido en el mundo por firmas consultoras de gran prestigio, cuyos altos honorarios solo están al alcance de pocas empresas, o por ejecutivos formados en maestrías de Administración. Pero pocos empresarios, especialmente de micronegocios, pequeñas y medianas empresas, reconocen su importancia ya que, por lo menos en Colombia, el alto grado de informalidad dificulta el acceso a este tipo de recursos. Estramipyme es una metodología fácil y ágil para formular la estrategia de estas empresas, desarrollada a través de procesos de cocreación y consultoría por docentes y estudiantes de pregrado y posgrado de la Escuela de Administración de la Universidad EAFIT para fortalecer el tejido empresarial colombiano.
COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) Checklist v1
Authors: not provided pdgalindo
Published: March 2023

COREQ (COnsolidated criteria for REporting Qualitative research) Checklist, associated with article Parent-school-community relationship: A comparative study of highly effective schools and schools with low effectiveness in Andalusia, by Pablo Delgado-Galindo, Juan-Jesús Torres-Gordillo & Javier Rodríguez-Santero.
Numerical Modelling of Myocardial Infarction. I. Analysis of Spatiotemporal Aspects of the Local Inflammatory Response
Authors: Voropaeva O.F. , Tsgoev Ch.A.
Published: March 2023

The results of numerical modelling of the necrotic death of myocardial cells and immune response dynamics in type II ischemic infarction are presented. The initial conditions were consistent with the experimental data. The adopted minimal mathematical model focused on the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory factors of aseptic inflammation and their influence on the process of cardiomyocyte death. The issue of the formation of nonlinear dynamic structures in the adopted reaction-diffusion system of equations in the absence of convective terms has been examined. It is shown that a stable localization of the solution of the initial-boundary value problem within the spatial region of practically unchanged size is observed in a fairly wide range of parameters of the initial conditions set in the form of bell-shaped finite functions.

Qualitative properties of solutions allow biological interpretation. Within the framework of the adopted model, we considered several important examples and, on this basis, described a typical scenario of a heart attack with a favorable outcome. We have studied the most general patterns of the formation of demarcation inflammation near a large necrosis focus in a typical acute infarction scenario, taking into account individual differences in the topology of the coronary vascular network and the topography of the infarction. The adequacy of the results is confirmed by quantitative and qualitative agreement with a fairly wide range of experimental data on the dynamics of infarction in the left ventricle of the mouse heart.
Integration of STEM Education in Differential and Integral Calculus classes: Aspects Evidenced in a Mathematical Modelling Activity
Authors: Silva Karina Alessandra Pessoa da , Borssoi Adriana Helena , Ferruzzi Elaine Cristina
Published: March 2023

Background: The integration of STEM areas (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) in engineering courses has been the focus of research in the educational context and mathematical modelling has the potential for its success. Objectives: The research question that guides the discussion is: What aspects of STEM education can be evidenced when engineering students develop mathematical modelling activities in a virtual environment within the scope of a Differential and Integral Calculus course? Design: Qualitative research carried out in the second half of 2020, based on research design guidelines, in the Differential and Integral Calculus subject during remote teaching. Setting and Participants: Virtual environment shared by two classes with 72 students from different courses for the development of a mathematical modelling activity. Data collection and analysis: Data from 18 groups were collected virtually from notes on the wiki, audio or video recordings of group meetings or orientation meetings, activity communication video and individual response to a questionnaire. The analysis was based on an initial coding of data from all groups, carried out with the support of AtlasTi, in which three groups were selected for a detailed analysis related to aspects of STEM education. Results: Some groups naturally integrate the four STEM areas and others carry out this integration in a partial way. Conclusions: The virtual environment made it possible for students to interact in their groups and collaborate with each other to solve a problem in a way that knowledge of basic sciences and mathematics were articulated.
A feladatközpontú nyelvtanítás (TBLT) elmélete és gyakorlata
Authors: Williams Thomas A.
Published: March 2023

Úgy véljük, a feladatközpontú nyelvtanítás kiváló megoldási lehetőséget jelenthet ebben a helyzetben. Éppen ezért a jelen tanulmány célja ennek a módszernek és az említett lehetőségeknek a rövid ismertetése. A tanulmány elején először meghatározzuk a TBLT fogalmát, és felvázoljuk a TBLT-modell kialakítására tett első kísérleteket. Ezt követi a TBLT-re épülő első, az 1980-as évekből származó teljesértékű oktatási program bemutatása, majd a nagyobb volumenű TBLT-projekt leírása. Ezután összehasonlítjuk a TBLT-modellt és a PPP-modellt (present, practise , produce, magyarul bemutatás, begyakorlás, alkalmazás), végül a TBLT kritikai elemzésére és néhány következtetés levonására kerül sor.
GUARANTEED ROOT MEAN SQUARE ESTIMATES OF OBSERVATIONS WITH UNKNOWN MATRICES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Nakonechnyi O. G. , Kudin G. I. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Zinko P. M. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Zinko T. P. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: March 2023

The problems of guaranteed mean square estimation of unknown rectangular matrices based on observations of linear functions from random matrices with random errors are considered in the paper. Asymptotic distributions of guaranteed errors and guaranteed estimates are obtained in the case of small perturbations of the matrices. A test example of the asymptotic distribution is given.
STUDY OF ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTIONS OF SYSTEMS OF SINGULARLY PERTURBED DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WITH TURNING POINTS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine, Sobchuk V. V. , Zelenska I. O. ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

We study a system with a small parameter at the highest derivatives. Using model operator Airy–Langer for defined regular function. Received the conditions of construction an uniform asymptotic solution for a given system.
OPTIMAL STABILIZATION FOR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Khusainov D. Ya. , A. V. Shatyrko A. V. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Hahurin Z. R. ,   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv
Published: March 2023

The paper considers the task of optimal stabilization for linear stationary differential equations. Usage of Lyapunov functions for optimal stabilization. We prove the theorem about optimal stabilization and determine the expression of optimal control for considered class of tasks.
MULTITHREADING PERFORMANCE SIMULATING FRACTIONAL-ORDER MOISTURE TRANSPORT ON AMD EPYC
Authors:   V. M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bohaienko V. O. , Gladky A. V. ,   V. M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

The paper studies the performance of multithreaded parallel implementation of a finite-difference solver for a two-dimensional space-fractional generalization of Richards equation. For numerical solution we used implicit Crank-Nicholson scheme with L1-approximation of Caputo fractional derivative and TFQMR linear systems’ solver. OpenMP implementation was tested on three CPUs — server Intel Xeon Bronze 3104 and AMD EPYC 7542 along with laptop AMD Ryzen 3 5300U. Testing results show that the proposed implementation can give close-to-linear acceleration when executing on up to 8 cores. On high-performance AMD EPYC maximal acceleration was achieved when 32-64 cores were used showing limited scalability of the algorithms on such a CPU.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Fine-Grained Concrete Produced using Water Purified by Natural Adsorbents
Authors:   Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy, Lviv, Ukraine, Parashchuk Lidiya , Mikhalieva Maryna ,   Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy, Lviv, Ukraine, Odosii Liubomyra ,   Hetman Petro Sahaidachnyi National Army Academy, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: March 2023

The main part of drinking water consumption falls on powerful industrial facilities, however, the requirements for water used in technological processes are much lower than for drinking water. This work has shown that water contaminated with sulfates, after purification with natural adsorbents, comes up to the requirements of the standard. Determination of the initial and residual concentration of the pollutant in the solution was carried out through the control of electrical parameters, the so-called conductivity method. The purified solutions were used for the production of fine-grained concrete and the strength of the finished products was determined on the 28th day of hardening. The suitability of such solutions for use in the concrete industry was established not only from the point of view of suitability according to standards but also from the point of view of ensuring the required strength.
Retrospective analysis of the development of the energy crisis in the European Union
Authors: Efimov A. V. , Kosynkin N. E. , Gladkikh V. O.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of the article is to analyze the current economic state of the European Union in the context of the progressive energy crisis. The article characterizes the importance of energy as the most important area of human economic activity for the world economy, identifies the causes and scale of the current energy crisis, examines the directions of countering the energy crisis in the European Union on the example of Germany and France. Within the framework of the conducted research, both general scientific methods (abstraction, analysis, synthesis, analogy, comparison) and methods of comparative legal and content analysis are used. The analysis showed that the crisis phenomena in the energy industry are predetermined by three main groups of causes - natural, geopolitical and economic. The article substantiates the characteristics of the European Union as the center of the modern energy crisis, indicating the conditions for the emergence of a crisis situation in Europe in recent years, which are not related to the special military operation conducted by the Russian Federation in Ukraine. In conclusion, the article substantiates the lack of a strategic nature of the anti-crisis policy of the European Union in the energy sector. The results of the conducted research can be useful for economists involved in the world economy and international economic relations, as well as for undergraduates, undergraduates and postgraduates.
Circular RNAs in eukaryotic cells: origin, characteristics, mechanisms of molecular functioning in human malignant diseases
Authors: Vashchenko Vladimir I. , Chuklovin Alexey B. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: March 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are an evolutionarily conserved novel class of non-coding endogenous RNAs (ncRNAs) found in the eukaryotic transcriptome, originally believed to be aberrant RNA splicing by-products with limited functionality.
However, recent advances in highthroughput genomic technology have allowed circRNAs to be characterized in detail and revealed their important functions in controlling various biological and molecular processes, the most essential being gene regulation. Due to structural stability, high expression, availability of microRNA (miRNA) binding sites and tissue-specific expression, circRNAs have become hot topic of research in RNA 2 biology. Unlike linear RNAs, circRNAs are produced differentially by backsplicing exons or lariat introns from a pre-messenger RNA (mRNA) forming covalently closed loop-like molecules missing 3' poly-(A) tail or 5' cap structures, thus rendering them resistant to exonuclease-mediated degradation.
Previous studies have revealed multiple roles of circRNAs as sponges for miRNA and RNA-binding proteins (RBP), as well as regulators of transcription, translation, and splicing events. Recent advances in the field suggest that the circRNAs are involved in many human disorders, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimers and Parkinsons disease, due to their aberrant expression in different pathological conditions. The circRNAs are stable in cells, owing to their circular structure. Participation of circRNAs in programmed cellular destruction by autophagy is discussed in details. The autophagy is a catabolic process which promotes decomposition and recycling of harmful or redundant biological macromolecules and initiates destruction of ageing cells. Processes how circRNAs influence a course of a disease, including an autophagy are in detail discussed, specifying that it joins at the beginning and upon development of various illnesses, and it can influence drug resistance (for example, antitumor efficiency of Cisplatin).
The functional versatility exhibited by circRNAs enables them to serve as potential diagnostic or predictive biomarkers for various diseases. This review discusses the properties, characterization, profiling, and the diverse molecular actions of circRNAs and their usage as potential therapeutic targets in different human malignancies.
Effects of agonists of melanocortin receptors MC3Rand MC4R on components of sexual behavior of male rats reared in condition of chronic social isolation
Authors: Tissen Llya Yu. , Magarramova Leila A. , Ayzup Mihail D. , Lebedev Andrei A. , Shabanov Petr D.
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND: Melanocortins, including -melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH), MSH, MSH, and adrenocorticotropic hormone, are products of the polypeptide proopiomelanocortin. These products bind to five different melanocortin receptors (MC1R, MC2R, MC3R, MC4R, MC5R) with different affinities. Because MC3R and MC4R are the major types expressed in the brain, these two receptors can mediate the behavioral effects of melanocortins.
AIM: To clear the role of MC4R in sexual behavior of male rats after social isolation from relatives.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, 40 naive male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups, 3 of which were grown in complete social and partial sensory isolation, received saline, PT-141 (MC3R/MC4R agonist) in a dose 0.3 g intraperitoneally, and THIQ (MC4R agonist) in a dose 0.1 g intranasally. Behavioral effects were registered in a cage with unreachable reinforcement in which the female in the estrus phase, separated by a transparent perforated barrier, was kept for 10 minutes under red light. Blood samples were taken 30 minutes after administration from the tail vein. Testosterone concentrations were measured by ELISA.
RESULTS: Social isolation had no significant effect on latent time before trying to reach a female but decreased the time spent near the cage with a female. Isolated animals did not show genital grooming acts during the experiment. PT-141 decreased the latent time to approach the female, increased the time spent near the female cage, and stimulated genital grooming. THIQ decreased the latent time to reach a female and stimulated genital grooming. At the same time, THIQ had no effect on the time spent near the female cage. Social isolation reduced testosterone levels more than twice compared to controls. The administration of PT-141 and THIQ had no effect on testosterone concentration.
CONCLUSIONS: The results confirm the depressing effect of chronic social isolation stress on the sexual motivation of male rats and demonstrate different roles of melanocortin MC3R/MC4R receptors in the realization of sexual behavior.
Study on the causal relationship between cultural adaptation, discrimination and depression of immigrants
Authors:   Research Institute For Life And Culture Sogang University, Choi Hyeji , Lee Hye youn
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of private and social discrimination on the depression of migrants. By paying attention to the moderating effect of discrimination that controls the impact of cultural adaptation on the depression of migrants, the study aims to overcome the limitations of previous studies that portray migrants' depression issues as migrants’ individual issues and responsibilities of cultural adaptation. The study also emphasizes the characteristics of migrants in Korea who migrate on an individual basis, not on a family basis, by dividing discrimination into private discrimination between families and social discrimination by the public. The study analyzed the 2018 raw data from the National Multicultural Family Survey and the data of 14,899 migrants with spouses. Analysis shows that discrimination had a significant effect on the depression of migrants and that the influence of private discrimination was greater than that of social discrimination. In addition, both private and social discrimination were found to control the effect of cultural adaptation on depression, and cultural adaptation had a significant effect on depression only in groups with high levels of discrimination in both private and social discrimination.
HALK SAĞLIĞI UYGULAMALARINDA GIDA ZENGİNLEŞTİRİLMESİ
Authors: DEMİRCİOĞLU Evrim Özge , ASLAN Dilek
Published: March 2023

Sağlıklı beslenme sağlıklı yaşam için bir gereklilik olmasının yanı sıra temel bir insan hakkıdır. Günümüzde, beslenme ile ilgili farklı sorunlar yaşanmaktadır. Dünyada yaygın görülen yetersiz beslenme sorunları arasında kavrukluk, bodurluk, zayıflık ve mikrobesin eksiklikleri yer almaktadır. Küresel düzeyde iki milyardan fazla insanda mikrobesin eksikliği vardır. Önlenebilir bir halk sağlığı sorunu olan mikrobesin eksikliklerine yönelik önemli müdahalelerden birisi gıda zenginleştirilmesi uygulamasıdır. Aynı zamanda uzun vadeli toplumsal bir halk sağlığı müdahalesi olan gıda zenginleştirilmesinin amaçları toplumun tamamı ya da özel bir grubunda bir ya da daha fazla besin eksikliğinin engellenmesi veya düzeltilmesi, gıdalarda hazırlama ve saklama sırasında kayba uğrayan besin öğelerinin eklenmesi ve aşırı alıma yol açmadan, mikrobesin eksiklikleri açısından risk grubu olan toplumlardaki bireylerin çoğunda (%97,5) etki gösterilmesi yer alır. Bu makalenin amacı gıda zenginleştirilmesi kavramının tanımının, tarihsel süreçteki gelişiminin ve yöntemlerin açıklanmasıdır. Makalede konuya ilişkin öneriler de sunulmuştur. Her ne kadar gıda zenginleştirilmesi mikrobesin eksikliklerinin önlenmesi için önemli bir müdahale aracı olsa da, mikrobesin eksikliklerinin önlenmesinde en kalıcı çözüm yeterli ve dengeli beslenmenin bütün toplumlar için sağlanabileceği sağlıklı beslenme, gıda ve tarım politikalarının geliştirilmesidir.
Türkiye Tıp Fakülteleri 2023
Authors: ODABAŞI Orhan
Published: March 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’deki tıp fakültesi, öğrenci, öğretim üyesi ile ilgili sayıları belirlemektir.

Yöntem: Bu çalışma tanımlayıcı tipte bir çalışmadır. Yükseköğretim Kurulu ve Ölçme Değerlendirme ve Yerleştirme Merkezi verileri web üzerinden derlendi. Bu veriler TTB Mezuniyet Öncesi Tıp Eğitimi 2010 Raporu ile karşılaştırılarak sunuldu.

Bulgular: Türkiye’de 2022 yılında 118 tıp fakültesi 143 program bulunmaktadır. Tıp fakültelerinin 97’si devlet, 46’sı vakıf üniversitesi tıp fakültesidir. Türkiye'de 2022 yılında tıp fakültelerinde toplam öğrenci sayısı 112.058’dir. Öğretim üyesi sayısı 17.494’dür. Öğretim üyesi öğrenci oranı 6,4’dür. Öğrenci öğretim üyesi oranı 2022 yılında devlet tıp fakülteleri için 7,68, vakıf tıp fakülteleri için 4,28’dir. Tıp fakülte-leri 61 ilde bulunmaktadır. İstanbul’da 6 devlet, 21 vakıf üniversitesi tıp fakültesi vardır.

Sonuç: Mezuniyet öncesi tıp eğitimi yakından izlenmelidir. Fakülte, alınan öğrenci, mezun öğrenci, öğretim üyeleri sayılarının yanı sıra hangi verilerin izlenmesi gerektiği alanın sahipleri tarafından karar verilmelidir. Tıp eğitiminin her aşamasına, tıp eğitiminin “gerçek öznesi” öğrencilerin katılımı sağlanmalıdır. Öğrenci katılımı tıp eğitiminin niteliğinin artmasına önemli katkı sunacaktır.
Model of Adaptability of Wetlands for Environmental Viability Located in the District of Oyolo, Ayacucho Region
Authors:   Faculty of Geographical, Environmental and Ecotourism Engineering, Federico Villarreal National University, Lima 1, Peru, Minga Julio Cesar , Esenarro Doris , Rodriguez Ciro
Published: March 2023

This research involved the physical and biological characterization of the Laguiña wetlands, ensuring that experimental stage 1 has better alternative soil and water conditions, these field activities included the establishment of sites, topsoil deposits, plant management, maintenance and subsequent monitoring, to achieve the regeneration of wetlands in the sector selected for transfer, the methodology used by patches, where the vegetation was extracted in small patches (huts) of 50x50x30 cm, composed mainly of Distichia muscoides and Oxychloe Andino, with a total of six (06) extraction points; then five (05) parcels of receiving vegetation were installed, resembling the physical and chemical conditions of the original habitat, but adapting the receiving soil through earthworks and replacement of the upper soil layer with topsoil from the Laguiña sector; Likewise, a test was carried out with stimulating hormone, auxin as rooting; considerable growth observed at higher concentration. The regeneration and adaptability of the vegetation in an area of 2000 m2 was evidenced by verifying the environmental viability of the wetlands in a new physical space under similar conditions. The design for the relocation considered physical, biological and water availability parameters, defining drainage systems to guarantee water flow and achieve soil saturation. Likewise, I assure the alternative conditions of the soil and water through diverse activities, with the objective of the regeneration of the wetlands in the selected location.
Indigenous Knowledge of Besemah-Semende‘s People on Water Conservation Resources
Authors:   Department of Biology Education, University of Sriwijaya, Indralaya, Indonesia, Meilinda  , Nazip Khoiron , Riyanto
Published: March 2023

Water conservation is faced with three major problems, which include availability, use, and management. This requires a high level of formal education, as well as already existing societal indigenous knowledge. This qualitative research design recognized indigenous knowledge in the aspect of water conservation, and the object of this study included Besemah-Semende’s people living in three sub-districts. The result showed the following indigenous knowledge: tebat, calak badawan, tambak ayik, and bubus tebat. These result of this study can be deployed as as teaching materials in environmental science education.
Conjunto de herramientas para la gestión coordinada de fronteras durante desastres naturales y emergencias
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2023

La dotación de capacidades y el desarrollo de herramientas es importante para que América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) sea una región más resiliente ante las emergencia y desastres que impactan el bienestar socioeconómico de la población. Las emergencias ocasionadas por eventos naturales que derivan en desastres y crisis sanitarias han puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de que los países cuenten con planes de contingencia que les permita actuar de forma rápida y correcta para mitigar los embates de estos eventos. Por esta razón, el BID a través de la División de Comercio e Inversión del Sector de Integración y Comercio, mediante la iniciativa de Bienes Públicos Regionales, ha venido acompañando a la región para la elaboración del presente Conjunto de herramientas. Este documento permitirá proveer a las administraciones de aduanas y a las entidades de control fronterizo con las herramientas necesarias para facilitar la entrada y salida de mercancías críticas durante situaciones de emergencias de acuerdo con las mejores prácticas internacionales en la materia. La elaboración de este Conjunto de herramientas no hubiese sido posible sin la cooperación de las autoridades aduaneras de la región, así como el apoyo de la Organización Mundial de Aduanas y de la Oficina de Coordinación de Asuntos Humanitarios de las Naciones Unidas.
The linguistic and cultural aspects of color meanings in the language picture of the world (Based on the material of English and Russian languages)
Authors:   Saratov State Law Academy, Zaraiskiy Alexandr A.
Published: March 2023

The study of the color picture of the world is of interest in the linguistic and cultural aspect, since color is one of the most important means of emotional impact on the reader, color meanings express the author’s view of the world, and are also important for constructing a national picture of the world. There are some patterns that link color values in different cultures of the world. It is worth noting that there are differences in color symbols in different languages. It depends on the historical past of the people, its geographical location, etc. Despite this, we trace some similarities using examples of phraseological units with elements of color designations. An important factor is that color has a psychophysiological effect on a person. In Russian and English, “red” has a positive connotation to a greater extent. This is their common feature, although in both languages there are more or less negative characteristics of this color. The similarity can also be seen in phraseological units with the color component. There are quite a lot of equivalents in both Russian and English. Along with the common symbolic features that still prevail, there are also distinctive features that are associated with Russian and English history and culture.
Achieving High Performance in the Construction Industry: the Case of BAM DLP the Netherlands
Authors: de Waal André , den Uil Kommer
Published: March 2023

The construction industry is a significant contributor to the economic development and performance of many countries. At the same time, this industry has long suffered from low productivity, poor project outcomes and disappointing results. The construction industry is therefore in need of a quality upgrade of construction companies so they will be able to achieve better organisational results. Based on a literature review into holistic evaluation and improvement techniques suitable for a systematic appraisal of the quality of construction companies and the subsequent improvement of this quality, the high performance organisation (HPO) framework was chosen for this purpose. It was applied on a construction company in the Netherlands, to evaluate whether the HPO Framework can yield an accurate picture of the current status of this company (i.e. how far along it was towards becoming an HPO) and whether it provides useful indications for improvement. Both were the case, and in fact the outcomes of the application of the framework indicated a high degree of alignment with financial and non-financial results of the case company. As such, the HPO Framework can be designated as a potential useful technique for other construction organisations, both in the Netherlands and in other countries, to help them in their quest for achievement of higher performance.
An evaluation of Kd-Trees vs Bounding Volume Hierarchy (BVH) acceleration structures in modern CPU architectures
Authors: Rivera-Alvarado Ernesto , Julio Zamora-Madrigal
Published: March 2023

Ray tracing is a rendering technique that is highly praised for its realism and image quality. Nonetheless, this is a computationally intensive task that is slow compared to other rendering techniques like rasterization. Bounding Volume Hierarchy (BVH) is a primitive subdivision acceleration mechanism that is the mainly used method for accelerating ray tracing in modern solutions. It is regarded as having better performance against other acceleration methods. Another well-known technique is Kd-Trees that uses binary space partitioning to adaptively subdivide space with planes. In this research, we made an up-to-date evaluation of both acceleration structures, using state-of-the-art BVH and Kd-Trees algorithms implemented in C, and found out that the Kd-Trees acceleration structure provided better performance in all defined scenarios on a modern x86 CPU architecture.
Optical, electrical, structural, and morphological properties of KAl4Si2O12/Mg3Si2O9/Fe2O3 clay mineral from Machado mountain region, Tarairá, Colombia
Authors: Galíndez Ruales Édgar Felipe , Rojas Venegas José Alejandro , Sánchez Diego , Landínez Téllez David A. , Roa-Rojas Jairo
Published: March 2023

Physical properties of clay minerals are essential in the evaluation for applications and new potential uses of geological materials. This study presents results of optical, electrical, structural, compositional and morphological analysis of Hillite (0.967) / Chlorite (0.013) / Hematite (0.02) clay mineral extracted from the Machado mountain region in the municipality of Tarairá, department of Vaupés, Colombia. The extracted clay was subjected to treatments to separate it from the others geological compounds before the characterization process. The observed platy morphology allowed to perform a size grain analysis which confirmed the clay-extraction. Particles with 0.8- 1.4 mm diameter and two pseudo-modes distribution in the area histogram were found. The bimodal distribution is assumed to be caused due to the differences between periodic ages of formation of the minerals in the extraction region. Structurally, we found a monoclinic structure with residues of triclinic polymorphous and Hexagonal scalenohedral segregated structures. The XRD analysis was based in the EDS measurements, given the stoichiometry of the sample. Also, a big absorption in the optical UV-range with an effective band gap in the clay to 2.852(8) eV was found. The electrical properties of the clay showed a strong non-linear insulator behavior. Electrical losses by polarizing the sample were decreased by a previous heating. Finally, the complete physical properties analysis allowed to introduce this material as an inexpensive, time efficient insulator.
Modelado del factor de fricción en tuberías a presión Utilizando Redes Neuronales de Aprendizaje Bayesiano
Authors: Ladino Moreno Edgar Orlando , García Ubaque Cesar Augusto , García-Vaca María Camila
Published: March 2023

El modelo propuesto por Colebrook-White para el cálculo del coeficiente de fricción ha sido aceptado universalmente estableciendo una función trascendental implícita. Esta ecuación determina el coeficiente de fricción para flujos completamente desarrollados, es decir, para flujos turbulentos con un Número de Reynolds superior a 4000. En el presente estudio se desarrolló una Red Neuronal a partir del enfoque del método de Retropropagación de Regularización Bayesiana para estimar el coeficiente de fricción. Se estableció un conjunto de 200,000 datos de entrada (inputs) para la rugosidad relativa (ε/D) y el Número de Reynolds (Re) y 200,000 datos de salida (outputs) para el coeficiente de fricción. La arquitectura neuronal que mejor se desempeñó correspondió a dos capas ocultas con 25 neuronas cada una (2-25-25-1). Se evaluó el rendimiento de la red utilizando el error medio cuadrático, el análisis de regresión y la función de entropía cruzada. El modelo neuronal obtenido presentó un error medio cuadrático de 7.42E-13 y un error relativo igual a 0.0035 % para los datos de entrenamiento. Finalmente, la red de retropropagación de Regularización Bayesiana demostró la capacidad de calcular el coeficiente de fricción para flujos turbulentos con una aproximación de 10E-7 con respecto a la ecuación de Colebrook-White.
Procesos de ramificación para modelar el Sars-Cov-2 en la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Plata-Bello George , Blanco Liliana , Arunachalam Viswanathan
Published: March 2023

El objetivo del trabajo es implementar una metodología para la descripción de la evolución del virus SARS-CoV2 en la ciudad de Bogotá. Para ello se considera un proceso de Galton-Watson con dos tipos de individuos: contagiados reportados y contagiados no reportados (asintomáticos). Se hace uso únicamente de las estadísticas diarias de casos Covid-19 reportadas por la Secretaría de Salud de la Bogotá para dar una predicción del valor medio de la población individuos contagiados. Finalmente, se incluye en el modelo a aquellos individuos que arriban a Bogotá provenientes de otras ciudades e incluso de otros países y que contribuyen con la propagación del virus.
Pruebas de Normalidad en Geoestadística. Un nuevo enfoque basado en la distancia de Mahalanobis
Authors: Giraldo Ramón , Porcu Emilio
Published: March 2023

En geoestadística, bajo estacionariedad, kriging simple (KS) es el mejor predictor lineal (MPL) y kriging ordinario (KO) es el mejor predictor lineal insesgado (MPLI). Cuando el proceso estocástico es Normal, KS no es solo un MPL sino un mejor predictor (MP), es decir que bajo la función de pe ́rdida cuadrática, éste coincide con la esperanza condicional del predictor dada la información. En este escenario, el predictor KO sirve como aproximación del MP. Por esta razón, en geoestadística aplicada, es importante probar el supuesto de normalidad. Dada una realización de un proceso espacial, KS será un predictor óptimo si el vector aleatorio subyacente sigue una distribución normal multivariada. Algunas pruebas de normalidad clásicas como Shapiro-Wilk (SW), Shapiro-Francia (SF), o Anderson-Darling (AD) son usadas para evaluar este supuesto. Estas asumen independencia y por ello no son apropiadas en geoestadística (y en general en estadística espacial). Por un lado, las observaciones en geoestadística son espacialmente correlacionadas. Por otro lado la optimalidad del kriging es fundamentada en normalidad multivariada (no en normalidad univariada). En este trabajo se presenta un estudio de simulación para mostrar por qué es inapropiado el uso de pruebas univaridas de normalidad con datos geoestadísticos. También, como solución al problema anterior, se propone una adaptación de la prueba de Mahalanobis al contexto geoestadístico para hacer de manera correcta el test de normalidad en este ambito.
R-(+)-limonene diastereoselective epoxidation: A minireview about of the synthesis methods
Authors: Rubio Rodríguez Juan Alejandro , Cubillos Lobo Jairo Antonio
Published: March 2023

R-(+)-limonene epoxidation has been focused from different synthesis methods. Thanks to the optically active epoxides obtained from this reaction are widely employed at industrial level, like: agrochemicals, polymers, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals. A key point found in this topic has been the asymmetric induction to improve the yield to the diastereomers of 1,2-limonene oxide. Many catalysts have been developed for the diastereoselective epoxidation, but some oxidation methodology have not been so useful. The enzymes and the Jacobsen´s catalyst presented the highest selectivity towards the endocyclic epoxides diastereomers, while other catalysts like metals supported on mesoporous materials were directed to one or more oxidation products, reducing their potential industrial scaling. Also, it was evidenced that controlling the reaction parameters it allows the segregation homogeneous catalyst to a phase different from the reaction products, thus increasing its useful reutilization in several reaction cycles. This minireview confronts the different systems used for the diastereoselective epoxidation of R-(+)-limonene. Challenges, issues and trends of said chemical transformation are also discussed.
Evaluación del efecto ixodicida de extractos botánicos sobre garrapata Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus
Authors: Rodriguez Molano Carlos Eduardo , Niño Monroy Laura Estefanía , Pulido Suárez Nestor Julián
Published: March 2023

Las garrapatas han afectado negativamente la producción bovina, provocando grandes pérdidas económicas; debido al uso indiscriminado de productos químicos han desarrollado resistencia, obligando a la búsqueda de alternativas de control, presentándose interés en investigar las propiedades acaricidas de especies vegetales, el objetivo del estudió fue determinar la eficacia del extracto natural Phytolacca bogotensis y Alnus alcuminata en el control in vitro de la garrapata adulta Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus.  El método empleado para la elaboración de los extractos de las plantas analizadas fue la extracción en caliente “Soxhlet”, y se evaluaron los metabolitos secundarios mediante pruebas cualitativas. Se expusieron garrapatas adultas mediante la técnica de inmersión a los extractos puros y diluciones. A las 24, 48, 72 y 96h post-exposición, se evaluó la mortalidad tomándose como mínimo eficaz una mortalidad de 60%. El extracto de P. bogotensis, mostró una efectividad con el extracto puro y la dilución 1:2 y el extracto puro de A. alcuminata no supero el mínimo eficaz de mortalidad. Se observó que el extracto P. bogotensis, mostró mayor eficacia en el control de la garrapata adulta Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, constituyéndose como una fuente de principios activos que contribuyan al descubrimiento de ixodicidas de origen natural.
The Physiology of Cornea
Authors: Balyen Lokman
Published: March 2023

The cornea has important functions such as protecting the structures within the globe, contributing to the refractive power of the eye, and focusing the light rays on the retina with minimum scattering. Although the neurobiological complexity of the retina and the dynamic movement of the lens are absent in the cornea, it is one of the most critical components of the perfect visual system, thanks to its transparency. In order to provide sustainable transparency in the cornea, which is very important for visual function, it is possible with the intense metabolic activity in the cornea and the perfect operation of the balanced ion liquid pump. The cornea provides excellent vision thanks to the structure and functions necessary for its unique function to continue regularly. This review focuses on cornea and tear film structure and physiology.