bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of pyruvate metabolism and citric acid cycle patterns predicts response to immunotherapeutic and ferroptosis in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Xu , Xu Bing , Du Jing , Xia Jun , Lei Guojie , Zhou Chaoting , Hu Jiayu , Zhang Yinhao , Chen Sufeng , Shao Fangchun , Yang Jiyun , Li Yanchun
Published: October 2022

Background

Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the digestive system with a high lethal rate. Studies have shown that inherited and acquired mutations in pyruvate metabolism and citric acid cycle (P-CA) enzymes are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor development. However, it is unclear how different P-CA patterns affect the tumor microenvironment (TME), which is critical for cancer progression.

Methods

This study mainly concentrated on investigating the role of the P-CA patterns in multicellular immune cell infiltration of GC TME. First, the expression levels of P-CA regulators were profiled in GC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus cohorts to construct a consensus clustering analysis and identify three distinct P-CA clusters. GSVA was conducted to reveal the different biological processes in three P-CA clusters. Subsequently, 1127 cluster-related differentially expressed genes were identified, and prognostic-related genes were screened using univariate Cox regression analysis. A scoring system was then set up to quantify the P-CA gene signature and further evaluate the response of the patients to the immunotherapy.

Results

We found that GC patients in the high P-CA score group had a higher tumor mutational burden, higher microsatellite instability, and better prognosis. The opposite was observed in the low P-CA score group. Interestingly, we demonstrated P-CA gene cluster could predict the sensitivity to immunotherapy and ferroptosis-induced therapy.

Conclusion

Collectively, the P-CA gene signature in this study exhibits potential roles in the tumor microenvironment and predicts the response to immunotherapeutic. The identification of these P-CA patterns may significantly accelerate the strategic development of immunotherapy for GC.
Impact of baseline renal function on the efficacy and safety of different Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation Patients – A cohort study
Authors: Lee Wei-Chieh , Liao Ting-Wei , Fang Hsiu-Yu , Wu Po-Jui , Fang Yen-Nan , Chen Huang-Chung , Lin Yu-Sheng , Chang Shang-Hung , Liu Ping-Yen , Chen Mien-Cheng
Published: October 2022

Background

Vitamin K antagonists and different direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have different renal clearance rates. However, the impact of different stages of chronic renal impairment on the efficacy and safety of warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients remains unclear.

Methods

This study enrolled AF patients from the Chang Gung Research Database. The study endpoints included thromboembolic events, major/fatal bleeding, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). The risks of time to study endpoints between groups were compared using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with adjustment.

Results

This study enrolled 3525 patients with moderate renal impairment (30 ≤ creatinine clearance (CrCl) < 60 mL/min), 2846 patients with mild renal impairment (60 ≤ CrCl < 90 mL/min) and 1153 patients with CrCl ≥ 90 mL/min. Over the 3.3 ± 0.9 years follow-up period, the cumulative thromboembolic events rates and the cumulative event rates of major/fatal bleeding and ICH did not differ among the warfarin and different DOAC groups at different stages of chronic renal impairment. The annual incidences of thromboembolic events, major/fatal bleeding, GI bleeding, and ICH were similar among the warfarin and different DOAC groups at different stages of renal impairment.

Conclusion

There did not appear to be major differences in bleeding or thromboembolic risk compared to warfarin in AF patients across a range of degree of renal failure when appropriate dose reductions of the DOACs are made.
ARID1A deficiency reverses the response to anti-PD(L)1 therapy in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma by enhancing autophagy-inhibited type I interferon production
Authors: Sun Dantong , Qian Haili , Wang Jinsong , Xie Tongji , Teng Fei , Li Junling , Xing Puyuan
Published: October 2022

Introduction

EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are associated with a poor response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), and only 20% of NSCLC patients harboring EGFR mutations benefit from immunotherapy. Novel biomarkers or therapeutics are needed to predict NSCLC prognosis and enhance the efficacy of ICIs in NSCLC patients harboring EGFR mutations, especially lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients, who account for approximately 40–50% of all NSCLC cases.

Methods

An ARID1A-knockdown (ARID1A-KD) EGFR-mutant LUAD cell line was constructed using lentivirus. RNA-seq and mass spectrometry were performed. Western blotting and IHC were used for protein expression evaluation. Effects of 3-MA and rapamycin on cells were explored. Immunofluorescence assays were used for immune cell infiltration examination.

Results

ARID1A expression was negatively associated with immune cell infiltration and immune scores for ICIs in LUAD with EGFR mutations. In vitro experiments suggested that ARID1A-KD activates the EGFR/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and inhibits autophagy, which attenuates the inhibition of Rig-I-like receptor pathway activity and type I interferon production in EGFR-mutant LUAD cells. In addition, 3-MA upregulated production of type I interferon in EGFR-mutant LUAD cells, with an similar effect to ARID1A-KD. On the other hand, rapamycin attenuated the enhanced production of type I interferon in ARID1A-KD EGFR-mutant LUAD cells. ARID1A function appears to influence the tumor immune microenvironment and response to ICIs.

Conclusion

ARID1A deficiency reverses response to ICIs in EGFR-mutant LUAD by enhancing autophagy-inhibited type I interferon production.
Management after initial surgery of nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma: surveillance, radiotherapy or surgery?
Authors: Charleux Thomas , Vendrely Véronique , Huchet Aymeri , Trouette Renaud , Ferrière Amandine , Tabarin Antoine , Jecko Vincent , Loiseau Hugues , Dupin Charles
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The first line of treatment for nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) is surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy or surveillance and new treatment (second surgical operation or salvage radiotherapy) in case of recurrence are options discussed at the multidisciplinary tumor board. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic outcome for each option.

Methods

The records of 256 patients followed with NFPA between 2007 and 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Mean age at initial surgery was 55 years [18–86]. Post-operative MRI found a residual tumor in 87% of patients. Mean follow-up was 12.1 years [0.8–42.7].

Results

After initial surgery, 40 patients had adjuvant radiotherapy. At 5, 10 and 15 years progression-free survival (PFS) was significantly different after surgery alone (77%, 58% and 40%) compared to surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy (84%, 78% and 78%) (HR = 0.24 [0–0.53] p < 0.0005). Overall, after first, second or third surgical operation, 69 patients had adjuvant radiotherapy and 41 salvage radiotherapy. Five-year PFS was similar for adjuvant (90%) and salvage radiotherapy (97%) (p = 0.62). After a second surgical operation, 62% and 71% of patients were irradiated after 2 and 5 years respectively. The risk of corticotropic and thyrotropic deficiency rates were 38% and 59% after second or third surgical operation and 40% and 73% after radiotherapy. Brain tumors occurred in 4 patients: 1 meningioma present at initial surgery, and after radiotherapy, 1 neurinoma which appeared at 5 years, 1 glioblastoma at 13 years and 1 meningioma at 20 years.

Conclusion

Among patients treated by surgery for NFPA, a “wait-and-see” attitude should be an option since adjuvant radiotherapy is not superior to salvage radiotherapy. However, in case of recurrence or progression, the authors recommended delivery of salvage radiotherapy to avoid a second surgical operation.
Long-term survival after pulmonary metastasectomy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with lung metastasis
Authors: Lo Chien-Ming , Chuang Kai-Hao , Lai Hsing-Hua , Chen Yu , Chen Li-Chun , Lu Hung-I , Chen Yen-Hao , Li Shau-Hsuan
Published: October 2022

Objectives

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis has a poor prognosis, and the only treatment modality is systemic therapy such as chemotherapy. Previous studies showed that pulmonary metastasectomy may provide benefits and has been suggested in selected patients with colorectal cancer, renal cancer, and sarcoma. However, there were few literatures evaluating the impact and treatment outcome of pulmonary metastasectomy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with isolated lung metastases. Therefore, we conducted this study.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed our patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with pulmonary metastasis. Patients with extrapulmonary metastasis were excluded. We categorized them into two groups - the pulmonary resection group and the systemic treatment only group. We compared the overall survival and progression-free survival between groups, and also analyzed the surgical modality, which includes single or multiple port surgery.

Results

The analysis included 44 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with lung metastasis. Among these 44 patients, 14 patients have received pulmonary metastasectomy, and 30 patients received systemic treatment only. Patients who received pulmonary metastasectomy had significantly better overall survival (p < 0.0001) and progression-free survival (p = 0.038) than those who received only systemic treatment. The one-year overall survival and progression-free survival were 100% and 48% in patients receiving pulmonary metastatectomy, and 49% and 33% in patients receiving only systemic treatment. Among 14 patients receiving pulmonary metastatectomy, 10 patients underwent single port surgery. There were no postoperative complications in these 14 patients.

Conclusion

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with lung metastasis who can receive pulmonary metastasectomy have better prognosis, and some patients can achieve long-term survival. Our findings suggest that aggressive pulmonary metastasectomy is suggested in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with if no contraindication.

Visual Abstract

Key question: How about the role of pulmonary metastasectomy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients with isolated lung metastasis?

Key findings

Patients who received pulmonary metastasectomy had better overall survival and progression-free survival than those who received only systemic treatment.

Take Home Message

Esophageal cancer with isolated pulmonary metastasis can be treated aggressively with pulmonary metastasectomy if no contraindication.
Combining deep sequencing and conventional molecular approaches reveals broad diversity and distribution of fleas and Bartonella in rodents and shrews from Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems
Authors: Buhler Kayla J. , Fernando Champika , Hill Janet E. , Galloway Terry , Carriere Suzanne , Fenton Heather , Fauteux Dominique , Jenkins Emily J.
Published: October 2022

Background

Bartonella are intracellular bacteria that are transmitted via animal scratches, bites and hematophagous arthropods. Rodents and their associated fleas play a key role in the maintenance of Bartonella worldwide, with > 22 species identified in rodent hosts. No studies have addressed the occurrence and diversity of Bartonella species and vectors for small mammals in Arctic and Subarctic ecosystems, which are increasingly impacted by invasive species and climate change.

Methods

In this study, we characterized the diversity of rodent fleas using conventional PCR targeting the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase II gene (COII) and Bartonella species in rodents and shrews (n = 505) from northern Canada using conventional PCR targeting the ITS (intergenic transcribed spacer) region and gltA (citrate synthase) gene. Metagenomic sequencing of a portion of the gltA gene was completed on a subset of 42 rodents and four rodent flea pools.

Results

Year, total summer precipitation the year prior to sampling, average minimum spring temperature and small mammal species were significant factors in predicting Bartonella positivity. Occurrence based on the ITS region was more than double that of the gltA gene and was 34% (n = 349) in northern red-backed voles, 35% (n = 20) in meadow voles, 37% (n = 68) in deer mice and 31% (n = 59) in shrews. Six species of Bartonella were identified with the ITS region, including B. grahamii, B. elizabethae, B. washoensis, Candidatus B. rudakovii, B. doshiae, B. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii and subsp. arupensis. In addition, 47% (n = 49/105) of ITS amplicons had < 97% identity to sequences in GenBank, possibly due to a limited reference library or previously unreported species. An additional Bartonella species (B. heixiaziensis) was detected during metagenomic sequencing of the gltA gene in 6/11 rodents that had ITS sequences with < 97% identity in GenBank, highlighting that a limited reference library for the ITS marker likely accounted for low sequence similarity in our specimens. In addition, one flea pool from a northern red-backed vole contained multiple species (B. grahamii and B. heixiaziensis).

Conclusion

Our study calls attention to the usefulness of a combined approach to determine the occurrence and diversity of Bartonella communities in hosts and vectors.

Graphical Abstract
Prediction models for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review and critical appraisal
Authors: Lin Qiu , Yang Tong , Yongmei Jin , Die Ye Mao
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The development of risk prediction models for breast cancer lymphedema is increasing, but few studies focus on the quality of the model and its application. Therefore, this study aimed to systematically review and critically evaluate prediction models developed to predict breast cancer-related lymphedema.

Methods

PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, MEDLINE, CNKI, Wang Fang DATA, Vip Database, and SinoMed were searched for studies published from 1 January 2000 to 1 June 2021. And it will be re-run before the final analysis. Two independent investigators will undertake the literature search and screening, and discrepancies will be resolved by another investigator. The Prediction model Risk Of Bias Assessment Tool will be used to assess the prediction models’ risk of bias and applicability.

Results

Seventeen studies were included in the systematic review, including 7 counties, of which 6 were prospective studies, only 7 models were validation studies, and 4 models were externally validated. The area under the curve of 17 models was 0.680~0.908. All studies had a high risk of bias, primarily due to the participants, outcome, and analysis. The most common predictors included body mass index, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and axillary lymph node dissection.

Conclusions

The predictive factors’ strength, external validation, and clinical application of the breast cancer lymphedema risk prediction model still need further research. Healthcare workers should choose prediction models in clinical practice judiciously.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42021258832
Complex event processing for physical and cyber security in datacentres - recent progress, challenges and recommendations
Authors: Alaghbari Khaled A. , Saad Mohamad Hanif Md , Hussain Aini , Alam Muhammad Raisul
Published: October 2022

A datacentre stores information and manages data access in fast and reliable manner. Failure of datacentre operation is not an option and can be catastrophic. Internet of things (IoT) devices in datacentre can automate management tasks and reduce human intervention and error. IoT devices can be used to manage many datacentre routine tasks such as monitoring physical infrastructure, updating software and configuration, monitoring network traffic, and automating alerting reports to respective authorities. The physical and cyber security of the datacentre can be handled by IoT technology by intrusion detection methods. By 2025, more than 25 billion things will be connected to the internet network, therefore massive data will be generated by different heterogeneous sources, and powerful processing engines such as complex event processing (CEP) are needed to handle such a fast and continuous stream of big data. The integration of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) can enhance CEP by introducing new features such as automated rule extraction and self-healing mechanism. This study aims to provide an overview of CEP, as well as its features and potential for integration with IoT applications and ML/DL techniques. We provide a review of recent research works to highlight the capability and applicability of CEP technology to monitor physical facilities and cyber security in detail. This review also highlights several issues and challenges, and provides suggestions for future research. The highlighted insights and recommendations in this paper could raise efforts toward the development of future datacentres based on CEP technology.
Post-lockdown changes in diet in Italy and the USA: Return to old habits or structural changes?
Authors: Scozzafava Gabriele , Contini Caterina , Gerini Francesca , Casini Leonardo
Published: October 2022

This study analyses the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on food consumption at the end of the first lockdown in the New York State (USA) and in Italy (spring 2020). The results of our study show that important changes occurred in food habits in these two countries, in which lockdown was very similar. Three models of response to the shock of the lockdown were noted in both countries. The first model (40%) includes individuals who largely increased their food consumption, the second model (26%) showed a more virtuous and responsible behaviour, while the third model (34%) displayed no change in food consumption. Diet quality in terms of healthiness and sustainability declined in the USA, while in Italy, approximately one-third of the sample showed an improvement in diet in these same areas. The use of sociodemographic, motivational, and behavioural variables to profile subjects who adhered to each food model has made it possible to obtain information that can be used to develop communication campaigns and policies for a healthier and more sustainable diet.
Dietary supplementation of Macleaya cordata extract and Bacillus in combination improve laying performance by regulating reproductive hormones, intestinal microbiota and barrier function of laying hens
Authors: Wang Fei , Zou Peng , Xu Shujie , Wang Qi , Zhou Yuanhao , Li Xiang , Tang Li , Wang Baikui , Jin Qian , Yu Dongyou , Li Weifen
Published: October 2022

Background

This study aimed to investigate whether the combination of Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) and Bacillus could improve the laying performance and health of laying hens better.

Methods

A total of 360 29-week-old Jingbai laying hens were randomly divided into 4 treatments: control group (basal diet), MCE group (basal diet + MCE), Probiotics Bacillus Compound (PBC) group (basal diet + compound Bacillus), MCE + PBC group (basal diet + MCE + compound Bacillus). The feeding experiment lasted for 42 d.

Results

The results showed that the laying rate and the average daily egg mass in the MCE + PBC group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05) and better than the MCE and PBC group. Combination of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the content of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) in the serum and up-regulated the expression of related hormone receptor gene (estrogen receptor-β, FSHR and luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor) in the ovary of laying hens (P < 0.05). In the MCE + PBC group, the mRNA expressions of zonula occluden-1, Occludin and mucin-2 in jejunum was increased and the intestinal epithelial barrier detected by transmission electron microscopy was enhanced compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, compared with the control group, combination of MCE and Bacillus significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity and catalase activity (P < 0.05), and down-regulated the mRNA expressions of inflammation-related genes (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α) as well as apoptosis-related genes (Caspase 3, Caspase 8 and P53) (P < 0.05). The concentration of acetic acid and butyric acid in the cecum content of laying hens in the MCE + PBC group was significantly increased compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Collectively, dietary supplementation of 600 μg/kg MCE and 5 × 108 CFU/kg compound Bacillus can improve laying performance by improving microbiota to enhance antioxidant capacity and intestinal barrier, regulate reproductive hormones and the concentration of cecal short-chain fatty acids of laying hens, and the combined effect of MCE and Bacillus is better than that of single supplementation.
Comparison of microbial signatures between paired faecal and rectal biopsy samples from healthy volunteers using next-generation sequencing and culturomics
Authors: Mukhopadhya Indrani , Martin Jennifer C. , Shaw Sophie , McKinley Aileen J. , Gratz Silvia W. , Scott Karen P.
Published: October 2022

Background

Faecal samples are frequently used to characterise the gut microbiota in health and disease, yet there is considerable debate about how representative faecal bacterial profiles are of the overall gut community. A particular concern is whether bacterial populations associated with the gut mucosa are properly represented in faecal samples, since these communities are considered critical in the aetiology of gastrointestinal diseases. In this study we compared the profiles of the faecal and mucosal microbiota from ten healthy volunteers using bacterial culturing (culturomics) and next-generation sequencing targeting the 16S ribosomal nucleic acid (rRNA) gene. Paired fresh rectal biopsies and faecal samples were processed under stringent anaerobic conditions to maintain the viability of the bacteria. Four different sample types were analysed: faecal (F), faecal homogenised (FHg), biopsy tissue (B) and biopsy wash (BW) samples. 

Results

There were no significant statistical differences in either bacterial richness or diversity between biopsy washes (BW) and faecal (F) or faecal homogenised (FHg) samples. Principal coordinates analysis of a Bray–Curtis distance matrix generated from sequence variant tables did not show distinct clustering between these samples (PERMANOVA;p = 0.972) but showed strong clustering of samples from individual donors. However, the rectal biopsy tissue (B) samples had a significantly altered bacterial signature with greater abundance of Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria compared to faecal (F) and faecal homogenised (FHg) samples. A total of 528 bacteria encompassing 92 distinct bacterial species were isolated and cultured from a subset of six volunteer samples (biopsy washes and faeces). This included isolation of 22 novel bacterial species. There was significant similarity between the bacterial species grown in anaerobic culture and those identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing (Spearman correlation; rho = 0.548,p = 0.001).

Conclusion

This study showed that the bacterial profiles of paired faecal and rectal biopsy wash samples were very similar, validating the use of faecal samples as a convenient surrogate for rectal biopsy-associated microbiota. Anaerobic bacterial culture results showed similar taxonomic patterns to the amplicon sequence analysis disproving the dogma that culture-based methods do not reflect findings of molecular assessments of gut bacterial composition.
Functional differentiation determines the molecular basis of the symbiotic lifestyle of Ca. Nanohaloarchaeota
Authors: Xie Yuan-Guo , Luo Zhen-Hao , Fang Bao-Zhu , Jiao Jian-Yu , Xie Qi-Jun , Cao Xing-Ru , Qu Yan-Ni , Qi Yan-Lin , Rao Yang-Zhi , Li Yu-Xian , Liu Yong-Hong , Li Andrew , Seymour Cale , Palmer Marike , Hedlund Brian P. , Li Wen-Jun , Hua Zheng-Shuang
Published: October 2022

Background

CandidatusNanohaloarchaeota, an archaeal phylum within the DPANN superphylum, is characterized by limited metabolic capabilities and limited phylogenetic diversity and until recently has been considered to exclusively inhabit hypersaline environments due to an obligate association withHalobacteria. Aside from hypersaline environments,Ca.Nanohaloarchaeota can also have been discovered from deep-subsurface marine sediments.

Results

Three metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) representing a new order within theCa.Nanohaloarchaeota were reconstructed from a stratified salt crust and proposed to represent a novel order,Nucleotidisoterales. Genomic features reveal them to be anaerobes capable of catabolizing nucleotides by coupling nucleotide salvage pathways with lower glycolysis to yield free energy. Comparative genomics demonstrated that these and otherCa.Nanohaloarchaeota inhabiting saline habitats use a “salt-in” strategy to maintain osmotic pressure based on the high proportion of acidic amino acids. In contrast, previously describedCa.Nanohaloarchaeota MAGs from geothermal environments were enriched with basic amino acids to counter heat stress. Evolutionary history reconstruction revealed that functional differentiation of energy conservation strategies drove diversification withinCa.Nanohaloarchaeota, further leading to shifts in the catabolic strategy from nucleotide degradation within deeper lineages to polysaccharide degradation within shallow lineages.

Conclusions

This study provides deeper insight into the ecological functions and evolution of the expanded phylumCa.Nanohaloarchaeota and further advances our understanding on the functional and genetic associations between potential symbionts and hosts.
Looking under the skin: multi-scale CT scanning of a peculiarly constructed cornett in the Rijksmuseum
Authors: Dorscheid Jan , Bossema Francien G. , van Duin Paul , Coban Sophia B. , van Liere Robert , Batenburg K. Joost , Di Stefano Giovanni Paolo
Published: October 2022

Covered tightly by a thin leather skin, three early seventeenth-century cornetts from the collection of the Rijksmuseum were examined with the focus on their construction and manufacturing. One cornett of the three unexpectedly turned out to have a peculiar construction and to be made out of two sections of different wood species. The question arose whether this could be original or is the result of an extensive restoration.

As the internal structure is not accessible for analysis and examination, multi-scale Computed Tomography (CT) scanning was employed to identify the exact regions of interest (ROI) and subsequently perform scans at a sufficiently high resolution in those areas. 3D images of the hollow spaces such as the tunnelling structure caused by the common furniture beetle (Anobium punctatum) criss-crossing the wood species could be computed from the 3D x-ray tomography reconstruction. This allowed to place the occurrence of the insect infestation after the joining of the two sections. Fine tool-marks, signs of construction and potential indications of earlier treatments could be visualized. These results were compared with the other two instruments of the same group and cross-referenced to instruments in other collections, in an attempt to answer questions about the instrument’s authenticity and originality. While the unusual construction out of two wood species might be the result of an extensive repair, another possible hypothesis—based on the combination of the results—is that this unique choice of original manufacturing was intentional, possibly to avoid splitting of the wood when inserting the mouthpiece or to counteract undesired vibrations when played.
Machine Learning-Enabled NIR Spectroscopy in Assessing Powder Blend Uniformity: Clear-Up Disparities and Biases Induced by Physical Artefacts
Authors: Muthudoss Prakash , Tewari Ishan , Chi Rayce Lim Rui , Young Kwok Jia , Ann Eddy Yii Chung , Hui Doreen Ng Sean , Khai Ooi Yee , Allada Ravikiran , Rao Manohar , Shahane Saurabh , Das Samir , Babla Irfan , Mhetre Sandeep , Paudel Amrit
Published: October 2022

NIR spectroscopy is a non-destructive characterization tool for the blend uniformity (BU) assessment. However, NIR spectra of powder blends often contain overlapping physical and chemical information of the samples. Deconvoluting the information related to chemical properties from that associated with the physical effects is one of the major objectives of this work. We achieve this aim in two ways. Firstly, we identified various sources of variability that might affect the BU results. Secondly, we leverage the machine learning-based sophisticated data analytics processes. To accomplish the aforementioned objectives, calibration samples of amlodipine as an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with the concentrations ranging between 67 and 133% w/w (dose ~ 3.6% w/w), in powder blends containing excipients, were prepared using a gravimetric approach and assessed using NIR spectroscopic analysis, followed by HPLC measurements. The bias in NIR results was investigated by employing data quality metrics (DQM) and bias-variance decomposition (BVD). To overcome the bias, the clustered regression (non-parametric and linear) was applied. We assessed the model’s performance by employing the hold-out and k-fold internal cross-validation (CV). NIR-based blend homogeneity with low mean absolute error and an interval estimates of 0.674 (mean) ± 0.218 (standard deviation) w/w was established. Additionally, bootstrapping-based CV was leveraged as part of the NIR method lifecycle management that demonstrated the mean absolute error (MAE) of BU ± 3.5% w/w and BU ± 1.5% w/w for model generalizability and model transferability, respectively. A workflow integrating machine learning to NIR spectral analysis was established and implemented.

Graphical Abstract

Impact of various data learning approaches on NIR spectral data
Effect of Texture and Surface Chemistry on Deagglomeration and Powder Retention in Capsule-Based Dry Powder Inhaler
Authors: Groß Roman , Berkenfeld Kai , Schulte Christoph , Ebert Anselm , Sule Sunita , Sule Ameet , Lamprecht Alf
Published: October 2022

Pulmonary delivery systems should administer a high dose of the required formulation with the designated dry powder inhaler (DPI) to achieve therapeutic success. While the effects of device geometry and individual components used on powder dispersion are described in literature, potential effects of DPI surface properties on powder retention within the device and deagglomeration have not been adequately studied, but could impact inhalation therapy by modifying the available dose. For this, inner parts of a model DPI were modified by plasma treatment using various processes. Since both the hydrophilic-hydrophobic and structural properties of the surface were altered, conclusions can be drawn for future optimization of devices. The results show that surface topography has a greater influence on powder deposition and deagglomeration than hydrophilic or hydrophobic surface modification. The most important modification was observed with an increased rough surface texture in the mouth piece, resulting in lower powder deposition in this part (from 5 to 1% quantified amount of powder), without any change in powder deagglomeration compared to an untreated device. In summary, increasing the surface roughness of DPI components in the size range of a few nanometers could be an approach for future optimization of DPIs to increase the delivered dose.

Graphical abstract
Three-Dimensional Modeling and Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality Simulation of Fiber Dissection of the Cerebellum and Brainstem
Authors: Gurses Muhammet Enes , Gungor Abuzer , Rahmanov Serdar , Gökalp Elif , Hanalioglu Sahin , Berker Mustafa , Cohen-Gadol Aaron A. , Türe Uğur
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:

Surgeons must understand the complex anatomy of the cerebellum and brainstem and their 3-dimensional (3D) relationships with each other for surgery to be successful. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no fiber dissection studies combined with 3D models, augmented reality (AR), and virtual reality (VR) of the structure of the cerebellum and brainstem. In this study, we created freely accessible AR and VR simulations and 3D models of the cerebellum and brainstem.

OBJECTIVE:

To create 3D models and AR and VR simulations of cadaveric dissections of the human cerebellum and brainstem and to examine the 3D relationships of these structures.

METHODS:

Ten cadaveric cerebellum and brainstem specimens were prepared in accordance with the Klingler's method. The cerebellum and brainstem were dissected under the operating microscope, and 2-dimensional and 3D images were captured at every stage. With a photogrammetry tool (Qlone, EyeCue Vision Technologies, Ltd.), AR and VR simulations and 3D models were created by combining several 2-dimensional pictures.

RESULTS:

For the first time reported in the literature, high-resolution, easily accessible, free 3D models and AR and VR simulations of cerebellum and brainstem dissections were created.

CONCLUSION:

Fiber dissection of the cerebellum-brainstem complex and 3D models with AR and VR simulations are a useful addition to the goal of training neurosurgeons worldwide.
Posterior Quadrant Disconnection Procedure for Intractable Epilepsy: A Case Series of 5 Young Pediatric Patients
Authors: Patel Smruti K. , Gibson Justin L. , Lovha Mykhailo , Leach James L. , Arya Ravindra , Tenney Jeffrey R. , Holland Katherine D. , Aungaroon Gewalin , Greiner Hansel M. , Skoch Jesse , Mangano Francesco T.
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND:

Posterior quadrant disconnection (PQD) has been described as a treatment for patients with refractory posterior quadrant subhemispheric epilepsy. Surgical outcomes are difficult to interpret because of limited literature.

OBJECTIVE:

To provide insight regarding the operative technique and postsurgical seizure freedom in young pediatric patients who underwent surgical disconnection for the treatment of posterior quadrant subhemispheric epilepsy at our institution.

METHODS:

The authors retrospectively analyzed a series of 5 patients who underwent PQD between 2019 and 2021. Charts were reviewed for preoperative workup including noninvasive/invasive testing, operative reports, and postoperative follow-up data which included degree of seizure freedom, completion of disconnection, and complications.

RESULTS:

Five patients were included in this series. The median age at seizure onset was 12 months (range 3-24 months), and the median age at surgery was 36 months (range 22-72 months). Histopathology confirmed focal cortical dysplasia in 3 of 5 patients (2 patients with type IB; 1 with type IIID). The average length of follow-up after surgery was 16.8 months (range 12-24 months). All patients underwent complete disconnection of the posterior quadrant without complications. Four of 5 patients (80%) had Engel score of I, while the remaining patient had an Engel score of IIB.

CONCLUSION:

Our early results demonstrate that complete PQD can be successful at providing excellent seizure freedom and functional outcomes in carefully selected young pediatric patients who have concordant seizure semiology, noninvasive/invasive testing, and imaging findings with primary seizure onset zone within the ipsilateral posterior quadrant. Meticulous surgical planning and thorough understanding of the surgical anatomy and technique are critical to achieving complete disconnection.
Potential for spectral imaging applications on the small farm: a review
Authors: Eady Matthew
Published: October 2022

Advancements in optics and miniaturisation have resulted in multi- and hyperspectral imaging systems becoming more approachable in terms of cost, practicality and useability. Globally, the majority of farms are considered to be small farms (<2 hectares). Many spectral imaging applications have been associated with agricultural commodities over the years. However, due to the cost, technology hurdles and complex statistical modelling methods, these applications have mainly been implemented in larger monoculture settings where the method development time required can be met with and substantiated through higher profits gained and reduced labour in the long term. Recent years have seen advancements in spectral imaging technologies as well as open-source systems that have the potential for application on smaller, more diversified farms. There are many hurdles to face before spectral imaging technologies see widespread application on smaller farms, but technologies are advancing rapidly. Here, the current state of spectral imaging in small farm applications is evaluated, along with the potential for low-cost and open-source spectral imaging systems. Emphasis is placed on challenges which require addressing prior to approachable spectral imaging for the small farm.
Transfer Learning Assisted Classification of Artefacts Removed and Contrast Improved Digital Mammograms
Authors: Oza Parita Rajiv , Sharma Paawan , Patel Samir
Published: October 2022

Mammograms are essential radiological images used to diagnose breast cancer well in advance. However, an accurate diagnosis also depends on the quality of mammogram images. Therefore, removal of artefacts and mammogram enhancement are necessary pre-processing steps. Artefact removal helps exclude unsolicited regions in the mammograms and limits the search for suspicious regions without excessive impact from the background. Mammogram enhancements improve apparent visual details and improve some features of an image. In this paper, we propose a method for mammogram pre-processing. These pre-processed mammograms are then fed into Deep Convolutional Neural Network for the classification process. Two approaches are used and compared to classify mammograms; Training model from scratch and Transfer Learning. Transfer Learning is an excellent approach to dealing with the small-sized training set, allowing us to consume the extendibility of deep learning entirely. By employing VGG16 as a pre-trained network on the pre-processed MIAS dataset, we improved training accuracy (96.14\%) compared to the model developed from scratch and other strategies described in the literature.
Interrelation of Stress Resistance and Sovereignty of the Psychological Space of the Person in Students with Disabilities and Limited Health Opportunities
Authors: Bonkalo T. , Aralova E. , Doroncev A. , Logachev N.
Published: October 2022

The study involved 61 students aged 20 to 23 years, including 23 boys and 38 girls belonging to different nosological groups (hearing disorders, speech disorders, disorders of the musculoskeletal system). The questionnaire “Sovereignty of psychological space” (S.K. Nartova-Bochaver) and “Stress tolerance test” (Yu.V. Shcherbatykh) were used as diagnostic material. For statistical data processing, the Mann-Whitney U test and the Pearson correlation coefficient (r-Pearson) were used. Statistically significant relationships were revealed between indicators of sovereignty - personality deprivation of students with disabilities and their tendency to complicate everything, react sharply to life events and even minor facts, as well as predisposition to psychosomatic diseases and destructive ways of coping with stress. It is concluded that in the system of inclusive higher education, specially organized programs of psychological support for the process of socialization of students with disabilities and disabilities in the university, aimed at helping them to establish the external and internal boundaries of the psychological space of their personality, are important and significant.
Management Decisions of Service Development in Trading Networks Based on Client-Oriented, Value-Oriented and Integrated Approaches
Authors: Valeeva Yu.
Published: October 2022

Retail chains play a great role in development of trade branch in the territory, their contribution to GRP in Tatarstan makes 30% (2021). The development of retail network services, the introduction of modern tools and solutions to improve the quality of trade services can provide a higher level of end user satisfaction, the competitiveness of trade organizations. The main purpose of the research is to summarize modern organizational, economic and managerial solutions, which allow introducing service development measures. The article substantiates the necessity of using process, customer-oriented, integral approaches, which in complex allow optimizing business processes of a trade network, form own standards of interaction of all stakeholders inside the chain of consumer value chain of trade network, conduct integral assessment of service development, develop On the basis of the conducted assessment of three regional trading networks "Bakhhetle", "Edelweiss" a number of organizational-economic, managerial decisions, which are relevant to the practice and will allow to ensure the effective development of services and be sustainable in the consumer market, were proposed.
Worldview problems in modern academic discourse: reflections on the thematic number
Authors: Fedorchenko Sergey
Published: October 2022

The thematic issue of the "Journal of Political Research" offered to the reader is entirely devoted to the problems of the worldview phenomenon. The crisis of the existing world order, international tension, the turbulence of economic and socio-political processes especially actualize the theme of the role of values, identity, traditions, worldview pictures in the formation of social harmony, solidarity, social consolidation, the establishment of sustainable, creative and effective forms of relationships between man, society and the state in modern Russia. Therefore, one of the tasks of the thematic portfolio of the issue was to initiate discussion of the above issues in the domestic academic community. The authors of the issue proposed to consider various aspects of the chosen problem: the perception of basic values, factors and structures of Russia's socio-historical development; communication foundations of the modern worldview; aspects of ideological construction; the concept of worldview in public discourse; worldview and political and economic features, risks of digitalization of the state; political absenteeism among students; experience of the Soviet ideocracy. It is noteworthy that among the articles there are works both conceptually oriented, offering explanatory models of existing processes, and empirically based studies. This specificity is determined by the seriousness of the value, civilizational and geopolitical challenges facing our country. The involvement of the academic community in the discussion and understanding of the axiological sphere is strategically important in order to clearly understand and determine the system of Russia's worldview coordinates.
Apresentação
Authors: Ribeiro Pedro Floriano , Troiano Mariele , Albrecht Nayara
Published: October 2022

O livro é, portanto, resultado de um esforço coletivo em aprimorar a agenda de pesquisa sobre burocracia pública no Brasil. Para isso, os capítulos foram agrupados em quatro partes. A primeira possui um caráter teórico e se debruça sobre a discussão de conceitos. A segunda parte do livro se destina à exposição do desenvolvimento histórico da burocracia pública brasileira. É composta, portanto, por capítulos que apresentam a história do serviço público, as tentativas de reformas administrativas e as mudanças nos quadros burocráticos em períodos recentes. Conferindo maior profundidade à dimensão empírica, a terceira parte apresenta estudos de diferentes casos e setores. Por fim, a quarta parte propõe novas abordagens para entender a administração pública.
Burocracia pública e política: conceitos fundamentais
Authors: Ribeiro Pedro Floriano , Albrecht Nayara
Published: October 2022

Este capítulo se debruça sobre a literatura que versa sobre burocracia pública, entendida como o conjunto de cargos não eletivos da esfera estatal. O elemento central em discussão consiste na relação entre burocracia e política no Brasil, com foco no papel de atores individuais e coletivos (partidos, movimentos sociais, grupos de interesse e parlamentares, entre outros) no processo de nomeação a cargos públicos. Dessa forma, o objetivo é apresentar uma revisão crítica da literatura que trata da politização da burocracia, com ênfase no contexto brasileiro, mas em diálogo com a literatura internacional. Para tais fins, o capítulo expõe os resultados de uma revisão bibliográfica integrativa, realizada com base em buscas em diferentes fontes e com o auxílio de ferramentas de organização, além de apresentar dados descritivos de um estudo de caso exploratório sobre o cenário brasileiro.
Burocracia e produção de políticas no nível estadual: o caso da política de inovação para o setor público no estado de São Paulo
Authors: Duarte Cristiano Parra , Bizelli José Luís
Published: October 2022

O presente capítulo, de caráter exploratório e descritivo, tem por objetivo lançar luz ao processo de produção da política de inovação para o setor público no estado de São Paulo a partir da ação da burocracia pública.
Pengembangan Kualitas Pendidikan SMP di Kalimantan Utara Melalui Pembelajaran Robotik Menggunakan Metode Action Learning STEM
Authors: Faridawati F , Minarto Eko , Indarto Bahtera , Bustomi Muhammad Arif , Puspitasari Nurrisma , Prayitno Gontjang , Sudarsono Sudarsono , Pramono Yono Hadi , Yudoyono Gatut , Wati Erna
Published: October 2022

Pendidikan mempunyai peran yang amat penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia Indonesia. Adanya pandemi Covid 19, telah membuka mata semua pihak bahwa pendidikan di Indonesia masih banyak yang harus dibenahi. Ketidaksiapan infrastruktur sekolah membuat proses pembelajaran jarak jauh yang ditetapkan oleh pemerintah menciptakan beberapa masalah baru, banyak anak putus sekolah karena kesulitan mengikuti pembelajaran online yang memakan waktu hampir dua tahun. Sebagai salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut perlu dibuat kurikulum bebasis teknologi dan literasi. Proses pembelajaran difokuskan pada kelas yang interaktif, dimana siswa harus memiliki kompetensi berpikir kritis, kreativitas, komunikasi, dan kerjasama (4K). Pembelajaran robotik menjadi salah satu pilihan untuk bisa mendapatkan komponen penilaian siswa terkait kompetensi 4K. Pelatihan pembelajaran robotik ini diberikan kepada 33 guru IPA tingkat SMP se-kota Tarakan. Dari hasil survey setelah pelatihan sebanyak 79% peserta menyatakan bahwa pelatihan robotik ini sangat bermanfaat dan menunjang pembelajaran sehingga bisa diterapkan di sekolahan, 18% menyatakan bermanfaat namun kurang menunjang pembelajaran, dan 3% menyatakan bermanfaat namun tidak bisa menunjang pembelajaran sehingga sulit untuk diterapkan sebagai pembelajaran di sekolah. Dengan adanya kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini diharapkan bisa memberikan dampak pengembangan kualitas pendidikan bagi Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) yang berada di luar pulau Jawa, yang secara kondisi baik fasilitas, guru pengajar, dan program kurikulum sekolah masih tertinggal dengan sekolah di pulau Jawa.