bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low quality antibody responses in critically ill patients hospitalized with pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection
Authors: Lu Xiuhua , Guo Zhu , Li Zhu-Nan , Holiday Crystal , Liu Feng , Jefferson Stacie , Gross F. Liaini , Tzeng Wen-Ping , Kumar Anand , York Ian A. , Uyeki Timothy M. , Tumpey Terrence , Stevens James , Levine Min Z.
Published: September 2022

Although some adults infected with influenza 2009 A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses mounted high hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody response, they still suffered from severe disease, or even death. Here, we analyzed antibody profiles in patients (n = 31, 17–65 years) admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) with lung failure and invasive mechanical ventilation use due to infection with A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses during 2009–2011. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the quality and quantity of antibody responses using HAI, virus neutralization, biolayer interferometry, enzyme-linked-lectin and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. At time of the ICU admission, 45% (14/31) of the patients had HAI antibody titers ≥ 80 in the first serum (S1), most (13/14) exhibited narrowly-focused HAI and/or anti-HA-head binding antibodies targeting single epitopes in or around the receptor binding site. In contrast, 42% (13/31) of the patients with HAI titers ≤ 10 in S1 had non-neutralizing anti-HA-stem antibodies against A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Only 19% (6/31) of the patients showed HA-specific IgG1-dominant antibody responses. Three of 5 fatal patients possessed highly focused cross-type HAI antibodies targeting the (K130 + Q223)-epitopes with extremely low avidity. Our findings suggest that narrowly-focused low-quality antibody responses targeting specific HA-epitopes may have contributed to severe infection of the lower respiratory tract.
Description of a new species of Tardigrada Hypsibius nivalis sp. nov. and new phylogenetic line in Hypsibiidae from snow ecosystem in Japan
Authors: Ono Masato , Takeuchi Nozomu , Zawierucha Krzysztof
Published: September 2022

Snow ecosystems are an important component of polar and mountainous regions, influencing water regime, biogeochemical cycles and supporting snow specific taxa. Although snow is considered to be one of the most unique, and at the same time a disappearing habitat, knowledge of its taxonomic diversity is still limited. It is true especially for micrometazoans appearing in snow algae blooming areas. In this study, we used morphological and molecular approaches to identify two tardigrade species found in green snow patches of Mt. Gassan in Japan. By morphology, light (PCM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and morphometry we describedHypsibiusnivalissp. nov. which differs from other similar species by granular, polygonal sculpture on the dorsal cuticle and by the presence of cuticular bars next to the internal claws. Additionally, phylogenetic multilocus (COI, 18S rRNA, 28S rRNA) analysis of the second taxon,Hypsibiussp. identified by morphology asconvergens-pallidusgroup, showed its affinity to the Hypsibiidae family and it is placed as a sister clade to all species in the Hypsibiinae subfamily. Our study shows that microinvertebrates associated with snow are poorly known and the assumption that snow might be inhabited by snow-requiring tardigrade taxa cannot be ruled out. Furthermore, our study contributes to the understanding subfamily Hypsibiinae showing that on its own the morphology of specimens belonging toconvergens-pallidusgroup is insufficient in establishing a true systematic position of specimens.
SICA-mediated cytoadhesion of Plasmodium knowlesi-infected red blood cells to human umbilical vein endothelial cells
Authors: Chuang Huai , Sakaguchi Miako , Lucky Amuza Byaruhanga , Yamagishi Junya , Katakai Yuko , Kawai Satoru , Kaneko Osamu
Published: September 2022

Zoonotic malaria due to Plasmodium knowlesi infection in Southeast Asia is sometimes life-threatening. Post-mortem examination of human knowlesi malaria cases showed sequestration of P. knowlesi-infected red blood cells (iRBCs) in blood vessels, which has been proposed to be linked to disease severity. This sequestration is likely mediated by the cytoadhesion of parasite-iRBCs to vascular endothelial cells; however, the responsible parasite ligands remain undetermined. This study selected P. knowlesi lines with increased iRBC cytoadhesion activity by repeated panning against human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Transcriptome analysis revealed that the transcript level of one gene, encoding a Schizont Infected Cell Agglutination (SICA) protein, herein termed SICA-HUVEC, was more than 100-fold increased after the panning. Transcripts of other P. knowlesi proteins were also significantly increased, such as PIR proteins exported to the iRBC cytosol, suggesting their potential role in increasing cytoadhesion activity. Transgenic P. knowlesi parasites expressing Myc-fused SICA-HUVEC increased cytoadhesion activity following infection of monkey as well as human RBCs, confirming that SICA-HUVEC conveys activity to bind to HUVECs.
Heavy metals in lake surface sediments in protected areas in Poland: concentration, pollution, ecological risk, sources and spatial distribution
Authors: Sojka Mariusz , Jaskuła Joanna , Barabach Jan , Ptak Mariusz , Zhu Senlin
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the state and spatial distribution of surface sediment contamination of 77 lakes in Poland by Cr, Ni, Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu. The analyzed lakes were located within a network of nature protection areas in the territory of the European Union (EU). Spatial distribution of the heavy metals (HMs), factors favoring the delivery/accumulation of HMs in surface sediments, and pollution sources were analyzed. The results indicate the contamination of lake sediments by HMs, but the potentially toxic effects of HMs are only found in single lakes. The spatial distribution of Cr indicates predominant impacts of point sources, while for Pb, Ni, and Zn, the impact of non-point sources. The analysis showed the presence of areas with very high values of particular HMs (hot spots) in the western part of Poland, while a group of 5 lakes with very low values of Ni, Pb, and Zn (cold spots) was identified in the central part of Poland. Principal component analysis showed that presence of wetlands is a factor limiting HMs inflow to lakes. Also, lower HMs concentrations were found in lake surface sediments located in catchments with a higher proportion of national parks and nature reserves. Higher HMs concentrations were found in lakes with a high proportion of Special Protection Areas designated under the EU Birds Directive. The positive matrix factorization analysis identified four sources of HMs. High values of HMs concentrations indicate their delivery from industrial, urbanized, and agricultural areas. However, these impacts overlap, which disturbs the characteristic quantitative profiles assigned to these pollution sources.
The role of structural parameters on efficiency and transparency of semi-transparent non-fullerene organic solar cell
Authors: Milani Elmira Annabi , Piralaee Mina , Ahmadi Sohrab , Asgari Asghar
Published: September 2022

Semitransparent organic solar cells have become attractive recently because of their photon harvesting in the near-infrared and ultraviolet range and passing in the visible light region. Semitransparent organic solar cells with ITO/ZnO/PBDB-T:ITIC/MoO3/Ag/MoO3 structure have been studied in this work and the effects of PBDB-T:ITIC active layer thicknesses and the transparent top electrode, MoO3/Ag/MoO3, thickness on the solar cell performance such as I-V characteristics, the power conversion efficiency, the average visible transmittance, and the color coordinates in the CIE color space are investigated. The drift–diffusion model, including the density of exactions, and their displacement is used to model the devices. The model is examined with experimentally reported devices, where there is a very good agreement between them, then is applied to the new structures. The obtained results show that the average visible transmittance of more than 45% is achievable for these structures with reasonable power conversion efficiency.
Die Komplexität der SARS-CoV-2-Infektion im klinischen Alltag
der Geburtshilfe – Auseinandersetzung anhand eines
Fallbeispiels
Authors: Möginger Michaela , Mand Nadine , Schoner Katharina , Seipelt Maria , Schulze Maximilian , Köhler Siegmund , Axt-Fliedner Roland , Keil Corinna Nora
Published: September 2022

Seit Beginn der Pandemie dominiert die SARS-CoV-2-Infektion den klinischen
Alltag. In der Behandlung von Hochrisikopopulationen bestand lange Unklarheit
über das Ausmaß und die Konsequenzen der Infektion. Zu diesem
Risikokollektiv gehört auch die schwangere Patientin. Die Etablierung
von klinischen Registerstudien konnte innerhalb kürzester Zeit und unter
enormer Anstrengung zu einer Einschätzung der pandemischen Lage
für dieses Kollektiv beitragen. Anhand eines klinischen Falls wird im
folgenden Bericht die Assoziation zwischen SARS-CoV-2-Infektion einer
schwangeren Patientin mit klinischen Zeichen der Präeklampsie bis hin
zur Ausbildung eines posterioren reversiblen Enzephalopathiesyndroms (PRES)
beschrieben. Anhand des Falles wird die differentialdiagnostische
Abklärung zwischen fulminanten Verlauf der Infektion und
Präeklampsie dargelegt. Der Artikel stellt die aktuelle Datenlage zum
Auftreten eines PRES in der Schwangerschaft im Zusammenhang mit einer
SARS-CoV-2-Infektion dar und setzt sich mit möglichen
Differentialdiagnosen auseinander. Durch die interdisziplinäre Betreuung
der Patientin kann eine Übersicht zu den Aspekten des jeweiligen
Fachgebietes dargelegt werden.
Rathke's Cleft Cyst Abscess with a Very Unusual Course
Authors: Coulden Amy , Pepper Joshua , Juszczak Agata , Batra Ruchika , Chavda Swarupsinh , Senthil Latha , Ayuk John , Pohl Ute , Nagaraju Santhosh , Karavitaki Niki , Tsermoulas Georgios
Published: September 2022

Infected Rathke's cleft cysts (RCC) are extremely rare with only a few published cases. We report the case of a 31-year-old man who presented with headaches, visual disturbance, and hypopituitarism secondary to an infected RCC with extension of abscesses along the optic tract. Magnetic resonance imaging showed ring enhancing cystic lesions within an expanded sella with suprasellar and intraparenchymal extension. The radiological appearance suggested a high-grade optic glioma, but an endoscopic transsphenoidal biopsy revealed frank pus in the pituitary fossa, which subsequently grew Staphylococcus aureus. Pathological examination of the cyst wall showed an inflamed RCC. Following a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics, the infection resolved and vision improved. RCC abscesses are rare and the intracranial extension of the infection in our case makes it unique.
Both Medialization and Anteromedialization Tibial Tubercle Osteotomies are Effective Surgical Management for Skeletally Mature Patients with Patellofemoral Instability when Combined with Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Tan Si Heng Sharon , Aw Angeline Ai Ling , Goh Xin Chun Amelia , Tan Luke Yi Hao , Lim Andrew Kean Seng , Hui James Hoipo
Published: September 2022

The study aimed to compare the midterm outcomes of medialization and anteromedialization tibial tubercle osteotomies when used in the management of recurrent patellofemoral instability. The hypothesis is that both techniques would result in significant improvement for patellofemoral instability, but anteromedialization would result in a lower incidence of early osteoarthritis. In the cohort study, all skeletally mature patients aged 18 years old or younger who underwent tibial tubercle osteotomy for recurrent patellofemoral instability within a 10-year period in a single institution were included. All patients underwent either medialization or anteromedialization tibial tubercle osteotomy. The preoperative and postoperative outcomes of the tibial tubercle osteotomies were compared. All patients included in the study had a minimum of 5-year follow-up duration before the conclusion of the study. There was no statistically significant difference in the rates of preoperative and postoperative patellofemoral dislocation when either technique was employed (p = 0.999). Additionally, both the preoperative and postoperative Kujala scores were similar (p = 0.166 and p = 0.554, respectively). The knees did not have a statistically significant difference in their patellar tilt angles and tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distances preoperatively or postoperatively when either technique was used (p = 0.165 and 0.149, respectively). There was also no incidence of osteoarthritis identified in either of the groups (p = 0.999). Both anteriorization and anteromedialization tibial tubercle osteotomies were effective surgical management for patellofemoral instability when combined with medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction. There were no significant differences in clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes when either medialization or anteromedialization tibial tubercle osteotomy was performed.
Creating innovation capabilities for improving global health: Inventing technology for neglected tropical diseases in Brazil
Authors: Perez-Aleman Paola , Ferretti Tommaso
Published: September 2022

Previous research on innovation capabilities in emerging economies shows knowledge networks tied to Western multinationals and national governments focused on economic growth. Less understood is the innovation capability building of emerging economies to achieve ‘good health’, an important Sustainable Development Goal. Here, we present a longitudinal study of a public research organization in an emerging economy and examine how it builds innovation capabilities for creating vaccines, drugs, and diagnostics for diseases primarily affecting the poor. We study FIOCRUZ in Brazil using archival, patent, and interview data about invention of technologies for neglected tropical diseases. We contribute novel insights into the evolution of knowledge networks, as national policy integrates innovation and health goals. We found significant diversification of local and foreign knowledge sources, and substantial creation of networks with public, private, and non-governmental organizations enabling collective invention. These R&D networks attract many multinationals to collaborate on socially driven innovation projects previously non-existent in their portfolios. The public research organization leads collaborations with multinationals and diverse partners, harnessing distributed international knowledge. Our results indicate emerging economies’ capabilities depend on elevating policies to increase health access for the poor to drive innovation and promoting local R&D to generate solutions to improve health.
Alignment method simplifies single-molecule analysis
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: September 2022

Straightforward method combines scanning tunneling microscope with optical spectroscopy
Time-resolved K-shell x-ray spectra of nanosecond laser-produced titanium tracer in gold plasmas
Authors: He Zhencen , Zhang Jiyan , Yang Jiamin , Yan Bing , Hu Zhimin
Published: September 2022

A study of a nanosecond laser irradiation on the titanium-layer-buried gold planar target is presented. The time-resolved x-ray emission spectra of titanium tracer are measured by a streaked crystal spectrometer. By comparing the simulated spectra obtained by using the FLYCHK code with the measured titanium spectra, the temporal plasma states, i.e., the electron temperatures and densities, are deduced. To evaluate the feasibility of using the method for the characterization of Au plasma states, the deduced plasma states from the measured titanium spectra are compared with the Multi-1D hydrodynamic simulations of laser-produced Au plasmas. By comparing the measured and simulated results, an overall agreement for the electron temperatures is found, whereas there are deviations in the electron densities. The experiment–theory discrepancy may suggest that the plasma state could not be well reproduced by the Multi-1D hydrodynamic simulation, in which the radial gradient is not taken into account. Further investigations on the spectral characterization and hydrodynamic simulations of the plasma states are needed. All the measured and FLYCHK simulated spectra are given in this paper as datasets. The datasets are openly available at http://www.doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.j00113.00032.
Design optimization of high breakdown voltage vertical GaN junction barrier Schottky diode with high-K/low-K compound dielectric structure
Authors: Tian Kuiyuan , Liu Yong , Du Jiangfeng , Yu Qi
Published: September 2022

A vertical junction barrier Schottky diode with a high-K/low-K compound dielectric structure is proposed and optimized to achieve a high breakdown voltage (BV). There is a discontinuity of the electric field at the interface of high-K and low-K layers due to the different dielectric constants of high-K and low-K dielectric layers. A new electric field peak is introduced in the n-type drift region of junction barrier Schottky diode (JBS), so the distribution of electric field in JBS becomes more uniform. At the same time, the effect of electric-power line concentration at the p–n junction interface is suppressed due to the effects of the high-K dielectric layer and an enhancement of breakdown voltage can be achieved. Numerical simulations demonstrate that GaN JBS with a specific on-resistance (R
on,sp) of 2.07 mΩ⋅cm2 and a BV of 4171 V which is 167% higher than the breakdown voltage of the common structure, resulting in a high figure-of-merit (FOM) of 8.6 GW/cm2, and a low turn-on voltage of 0.6 V.
Complex-amplitude Fourier single-pixel imaging via coherent structured illumination
Authors: Hou Hong-Yun , Zhao Ya-Nan , Han Jia-Cheng , Cao De-Zhong , Zhang Su-Heng , Liu Hong-Chao , Liang Bao-Lai
Published: September 2022

We propose a method of complex-amplitude Fourier single-pixel imaging (CFSI) with coherent structured illumination to acquire both the amplitude and phase of an object. In the proposed method, an object is illustrated by a series of coherent structured light fields, which are generated by a phase-only spatial light modulator, the complex Fourier spectrum of the object can be acquired sequentially by a single-pixel photodetector. Then the desired complex-amplitude image can be retrieved directly by applying an inverse Fourier transform. We experimentally implemented this CFSI with several different types of objects. The experimental results show that the proposed method provides a promising complex-amplitude imaging approach with high quality and a stable configuration. Thus, it might find broad applications in optical metrology and biomedical science.
Preparation of solenoid probe for Eddy Current Testing technique probe
Authors: Adlina Harun Syafiqa Putri , Sulaiman Fauziah
Published: September 2022

The most crucial components in the system of eddy currents are the sensitivity of the probe to deliver a signal to detect a defect on the material efficiently. When the turns are closely spaced and the length is substantially more than the radius of the turns, the solenoid is perfect. This paper presents a development of a solenoid probe for the eddy current testing (ECT) technique probe to detect defects. The objectives of this research are to design and construct a high sensitivity rod-shaped solenoid probe, to find the optimal frequency for each metal testing (i.e., Copper (Cu), Aluminium (Al), and Stainless Steel) for this solenoid probe, and to obtain the output testing signals defects with vary of thickness (i.e., 1.5 mm, 3.0mm, and 5.0 mm). In addition, a hole of an artificial defect (i.e., 7.0 mm, 14.0 mm, 21.0 mm) has been drilled on each of the metal testings. This rod-shaped solenoid coil was designed with an iron core with 65 mm length, 5 mm area, and 200 turns. It demonstrates how the rod-shaped solenoid coil may be used to detect various flaws in copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), and stainless steel. The optimal frequencies for copper were 7.850 MHz, Aluminium was 7.383 MHz, and Stainless-Steel metal was 7.956 MHz.
Structure management scheme of flying ad-hoc networks (FANET): A dynamic weight values weighted clustering algorithm
Authors: Wang XiangYu , Zhang YanYu , Liu ZhengYang , Long Li , Jian ChunXiao , Cui WeiJia , Shi FengYuan
Published: September 2022

To resolve the problem of structure management in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle(UAV) formation, a dynamic weight values weighted clustering algorithm(DWVWCA) is proposed in this article, in which the cluster scheme for network optimization is used. Firstly, the residual energy model is improved to be more realistic. Secondly, the combined weighting method is introduced to make the comprehensive weight value of the UAV subjective and objective. Finally, the dynamic weight threshold is introduced to calculate the comprehensive weight value in real-time. The simulation results show that DWVWCA can effectively improve the objectivity of cluster head election, extend the UAV formation survival cycle, balance the network structure, reduce the number of cluster reorganization and fusion, and enhance the network stability.
The influence of hydrogen supplement on driving range of fuel cell vehicle
Authors: Nie Zhenyu , Song Yu , Guo Ting , Wang Zhijun , Wang Guozhuo , Wu Shiyu
Published: September 2022

With the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems, fuel cell vehicle (FCV) has the advantages of high energy efficiency and zero emission, which has become the development direction of the automotive industry in the future, and the driving range of FCV is one of the key factors affecting its commercialization. In the existing FCV driving range test method, the Hydrogen tank needs to be hydrogenated, cooled and supplemented before measurement. Through an example analysis, if the hydrogen supplement operation is not carried out, the driving range will be reduced to 91.15%. Through the test and result analysis, this paper discusses the influence of hydrogen replenishment operation on FCV mileage, so as to provide guidance for fuel cell vehicle users.
Autonomous vehicle navigation using high-definition maps through CARLA-ROS simulator bridge
Authors: Fatima H. Sundus , Abbas Ammar N. , Bawany Faraz , Zia Huma , Yusuf Syed Adnan , Khurram Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Autonomous vehicles (AV) have garnered significant interest in recent years due to its potential for controlling thousands of accidents that happen yearly due to human error. However, AV bring with it very complex and sophisticated requirements and challenges related to extensive testing of the algorithms and hardware in the physical world. The evolution of automotive simulation tools provides an opportunity to fully test and validate AV architectures without the risk of creating hazardous situations in real world. This research demonstrates the application of HD (High Definition) maps in autonomous vehicle navigation using ROS interface integrated with the CARLA (CAR Learning to Act) simulator. The sensor data includes Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR), RGB-Depth (RGB-D), and vehicle odometry. HD maps play an important role in robustness of the autonomous systems where due to sensor obstruction or weather conditions the vehicle is unable to perceive the information ahead. It also aids the vehicle to sense its environment even outside from the sensor’s field of view. The research is divided into the three fundamental concepts of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) approach that is, (i) mapping, (ii) localization, and (iii) navigation. Two ROS tools are used for mapping, (a) OctoMap mapping, and (ii) Real-Time Appearance-Based Mapping (RTAB-Map). We demonstrate the effectiveness of localization using RTAB-Map and compare actual path, position and orientation to their estimated equivalents. Our results show acceptable error in XY axes and exemplifies the error accumulated in Z axis.
Shield Construction Multiobjective Optimization of Surface Settlement Safety Control Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Feng Zongbao , Chen Hongyu , Zeng Tiemei , Wu Xianguo , Qin Yawei , Xu Wensheng
Published: September 2022

A multi-objective optimization model combining Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm-II (NSGA-II) algorithm was established to control the construction parameters of shield and guide the safe construction of shield. This model takes the main shield parameters as the research object and the ground settlement as the control target, and optimizes the control analysis of the construction parameters. In this paper, eight shield parameters controlling surface settlement were selected as input indexes of SVM prediction model, and the nonlinear relationship between shield construction parameters and surface settlement is obtained as NSGA-II fitness function. Then, cutter wear was selected as the second optimization objective, and the constraint range of construction parameters was set for multi-objective optimization. Taking a rail transit project in karst areas as an example, the research results show that the prediction model obtains by training and simulating the measured data of the project using the SVM algorithm has high model accuracy. Based on the SVM-NSGA-II model, the multiobjective optimization effect of surface settlement and cutter wear is significant. Taking the obtained set of optimal Pareto fronts as a reference, the recommended values for the setting range control of shield construction parameters in karst areas are proposed.
Study for a tangential dispersion interferometer/polarimeter for DTT
Authors: Filippi F. , Fiorucci D. , Fassina A. , Giudicotti L. , Mazzotta C. , Rocchi G. , Rossi R. , Terranova D. , Tudisco O. , Andreoli P. , Cipriani M. , Consoli F. , Gaudio P. , Gelfusa M. , Innocente P. , Mauro G. , Mascali D. , Naselli E. , Orsitto F.P. , Torrisi G.
Published: September 2022

The Divertor Tokamak Test (DTT) facility [1], whose construction is starting in Frascati, will require robust and reliable diagnostics for the correct operation of the machine and the characterization of the plasma discharge. For this purpose, we are studying a common-path dispersion interferometer/polarimeter for the detection of plasma electron density and magnetic field in two different tangential chords in the equatorial plane. The physical principle is based on the generation of a second harmonic which crosses the plasma collinearly with the beam at its fundamental. Being the plasma a dispersive medium, the two beams are subject to different phase shifts from which it is possible to retrieve the plasma free electron density. Moreover, the unconverted part of the fundamental can be used for polarimetric measurement. Two different implementations of the interferometer have been considered, one with a CO2 laser (λ = 10.6/5.3 µm) and another one with Nd:YAG (λ = 1.064/0.536 µm). The former is more sensitive to lower plasma densities and to Faraday rotation, while the latter is more robust to fringe jumps. We have studied the main aspects of these two possible solutions. In particular, we analysed the optics to be used and the expected maximum signals for the interferometry and the polarimetry in a possible plasma scenario of DTT. A tentative draft of the layout of the optics inside the machine will be also presented.
Electronic readout characterisation of a new soft X-ray diagnostic for burning plasma
Authors: Cancelli S. , Muraro A. , Perelli Cippo E. , Abba A. , Corradi G. , Grosso G. , Gorini G. , Kushoro M.H. , Murtas F. , Putignano O. , Scionti J. , Tagnani D. , Tardocchi M. , Croci G.
Published: September 2022

In fusion plasma scenario, soft X-rays are important tools to study impurities inside plasma. However state-of-the-art silicon detectors cannot survive for long time to the heavy damages due to harsh conditions in tokamaks. GEM detectors are a good alternative thanks to their resilience to radiation damage. In this paper, a GEM detector coupled with new dedicated electronic readout based on GEMINI chip is described. In particular, the detector response has been studied comparing the well established PH method and the ToT method implemented in GEMINI. The results indicate the possibility of using this electronic readout to do soft X-ray spectroscopy measurements in the energy range up to about 10–20 keV.
Experiments and numerical simulations on hovering three-dimensional flexible flapping wings
Authors: Diaz-Arriba D , Jardin T , Gourdain N , Pons F , David L
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the applicability and accuracy of high-fidelity experimental and numerical approaches in the analysis of three-dimensional flapping (revolving and pitching) wings operating under hovering flight conditions, i.e. where unsteady and three-dimensional rotational effects are strong, are assessed. Numerical simulations are then used to explore the role of mass and frequency ratios on aerodynamic performance, wing dynamics and flow physics. It is shown that time-averaged lift increases with frequency ratio, up to a certain limit that depends on mass ratio and beyond which upward wing bending and flexibility induced phase lag between revolving an pitching motions at stroke reversal become strong and contribute to phases of negative lift that counterbalances the initial lift increase. This wing dynamics, which is dominated by spanwise bending, also affects wing–wake interactions and, in turn, leading edge vortex formation.
Adams-type maps are not stable under composition
Authors: Burklund Robert , Levy Ishan , Pstragowski Piotr
Published: September 2022

We give a simple counterexample to the plausible conjecture that Adams-type maps of ring spectra are stable under composition. We then show that over a field, this failure is quite extreme, as any map to an

E

∞

\mathbb {E}_{\infty }

-

k
k

-algebra is a transfinite composition of Adams-type maps.
Unpacking Translanguaging Practices in Multilingual Business Communication in China: A Qualitative Phenomenological Approach
Authors: Ai Bin , Hao Mingjunbao , Qiao Xiaomei
Published: September 2022

This qualitative phenomenological study examines a cohort of multilingual employees’ translanguaging practices in business communication at seven multinational corporations in China. It is found that these employees integrate various linguistic features of named languages stored in their linguistic repertoires; they spontaneously prioritize the linguistic features of different named languages in different contexts to achieve effective communication. They value sense-making more than grammatical correctness in communication practices, so they deploy multiple semiotic resources in translanguaging practices. This paper suggests that multilingual employees’ translanguaging literacy should be valued as their linguistic/human capital since it provides them with communication resources in a globalized business context. This paper advances understandings of translanguaging and enriches research practice, broadening the research scope of transnational business communication by expanding translanguaging practices from the bilingual education field to a multilingual, transnational workplace context.
Creatine metabolism at the uterine–conceptus interface during early gestation in sheep
Authors: Sah Nirvay , Stenhouse Claire , Halloran Katherine M , Moses Robyn M , Seo Heewon , Burghardt Robert C , Johnson Gregory A , Wu Guoyao , Bazer Fuller W
Published: September 2022

Ruminant conceptuses that elongate and attach to the uterine luminal epithelium (LE) to establish pregnancy require a large amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The creatine (Cr)–creatine kinase (CK)–phosphocreatine (PCr) system re-generates ATP in dividing and migrating cells such as the conceptus trophectoderm cells. However, little is known about metabolism of Cr within uterine and conceptus tissues in livestock species during early gestation. In this study, Suffolk ewes were ovariohysterectomized on Days 9, 12, 15, 16, 17, 18, 20, or 21 of pregnancy (n = 2–5 animals/per day) to investigate metabolites, mRNAs, and proteins of the Cr–CK–PCr system at uterine–conceptus interface. Amounts of Cr and guanidinoacetate (GA) in uterine flushings increased between Days 12 and 17 of pregnancy. Endometrial expression of mRNAs for GA formation (AGAT), Cr synthesis (GAMT), and Cr/PCr utilization (CKB) was greater on Days 17 and 21 than on Days 9 and 12 of pregnancy. Immunoreactive AGAT was detected in uteri only on Day 21 but not in uteri or conceptuses at earlier days of pregnancy. GAMT, SLC6A8, and CKs were expressed in uterine luminal and glandular epithelia. Immunoreactive CKs (CKB, CKM, and CKMT1) appeared greater on Day 9 than Day 17 of pregnancy. Immunoreactive GAMT and CKs appeared greater in trophectoderm of conceptuses on Day 20 than on Day 15 of pregnancy, whereas the opposite was observed for that of SLC6A8. This study provides insights into cell-, tissue-, and time-specific metabolism of Cr at the uterine–conceptus interface suggesting a role for the Cr–CK–PCr system in ovine conceptus development and implantation.
Incarcerated People Living with HIV: A Qualitative Exploration of Stigma
Authors: Smoyer Amy B , Ferris Shannon , Earnshaw Valerie A
Published: September 2022

Thousands of people living with HIV are incarcerated in the United States. Research about this vulnerable community has focused on access and adherence to medical care, including the impact of stigma on these treatment outcomes. This study presents qualitative data collected from 18 incarcerated and formerly incarcerated men and women living with HIV to expand knowledge about how HIV stigma shapes the lived experience of incarceration. The HIV Stigma Framework, including theory about enacted, anticipated, and internalized stigma, was used to analyze participants’ narratives. Findings demonstrate an ongoing struggle with all three of these stigma mechanisms. Most participants deliberately concealed their HIV status and, therefore, experienced little enacted stigma. However, their narratives do describe anticipated stigma and, to a lesser extent, internalized stigma. There were gender differences in HIV disclosure and symbolic stigma and intersectionality are used to understand this variation. These findings illustrate the persistence of HIV stigma in correctional institutions and underscore the importance of fighting HIV stigma and homophobia within social work practice.
A Proposal to Refer to Four Coronaviruses of Limited Human Virulence “Common Cold Coronaviruses”
Authors: McIntosh Kenneth , Perlman Stanley , Monto Arnold , Englund Janet A
Published: September 2022

We propose the term “common cold coronaviruses,” or ccCoV, to describe the four human coronaviruses commonly associated with upper respiratory tract disease – coronaviruses 229E, OC43, NL63, and HKU1. This will differentiate these previously described coronaviruses from those causing more severe disease in humans – including the viruses severe acute respiraotry syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV), the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and SARS-CoV-2.
Minimum Efficient Scale, Competition on the Merits, and The Special Responsibility of a Dominant Undertaking
Authors: Yan Xingyu , Vedder Hans
Published: September 2022

As a leading model of law on abuse of dominance, Article 102 TFEU hosts two notoriously vague concepts: competition on the merits and the special responsibility of a dominant undertaking. The former could mislead abuse assessments into an illusion of inherent impropriety, while the latter is susceptible to expansive interpretations that undermine the pivotal role of dominance. We propose a test centred on the concept of minimum efficient scale, which has been seriously overlooked or even mischaracterized under Article 102, to complement the as-efficient-competitor rationale. This test clarifies—with respect to exclusionary conduct—competition on the merits in a purely efficiency-based way and gives content to the special responsibility concept. It is compatible with the case law and can be operationalized vis-à-vis digital platform markets to tackle practices such as self-preferencing. It shows potential in enhancing the robustness of ex post antitrust when ex ante regulation has become the more popular recourse.
Impact of Updated Clinical Practice Guidelines on Outpatient Treatment for Clostridioides difficile Infection and Associated Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Dubberke Erik R , Puckett Justin T , Obi Engels N , Kamal-Bahl Sachin , Desai Kaushal , Stuart Bruce , Doshi Jalpa A
Published: September 2022

Background

The 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America/Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (IDSA/SHEA) Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile infection (CDI) guideline update recommended treatment with fidaxomicin or vancomycin for CDI. We aimed to examine outpatient CDI treatment utilization before and after the guideline update and compare clinical outcomes associated with fidaxomicin versus vancomycin use.

Methods

A pre-post study design was employed using Medicare data. CDI treatment utilization and clinical outcomes (4- and 8-week sustained response, CDI recurrence) were compared between patients indexed from April–September 2017 (preguideline period) and those indexed from April–September 2018 (postguideline period). Clinical outcomes associated with fidaxomicin versus vancomycin were compared using propensity score–matched analyses.

Results

From the pre- to postguideline period, metronidazole use decreased (initial CDI: 81.2% to 53.5%; recurrent CDI: 49.7% to 27.6%) while vancomycin (initial CDI: 17.9% to 44.9%; recurrent CDI: 48.1% to 66.4%) and fidaxomicin (initial CDI: 0.87% to 1.63%; recurrent CDI: 2.2% to 6.0%) use increased significantly (P < .001 for all). However, clinical outcomes did not improve. In propensity score–matched analyses, fidaxomicin versus vancomycin users had 4-week sustained response rates that were higher by 13.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.0%–22.9%; P = .0058) and 30.0% (95% CI, 16.8%–44.3%; P = .0002) in initial and recurrent CDI cohorts, respectively. Recurrence rates were numerically lower for fidaxomicin in both cohorts.

Conclusions

Vancomycin use increased and metronidazole use decreased after the 2017 guideline update. Fidaxomicin use increased but remained low. Improved outcomes associated with fidaxomicin relative to vancomycin suggest benefits from its greater use in Medicare patients.
What does the UK Police National Database tell us about the future of police intelligence?
Authors: Phythian Rebecca , Kirby Stuart
Published: September 2022

Developments in technology are transforming society, creating more opportunities for offenders and complicating the policing landscape. The challenge for law enforcement is to identify criminal patterns from an offender’s electronic traces and to provide actionable intelligence. However, these traces are held by diverse police forces and are rarely connected. In 2011, to overcome this challenge, the Police National Database (PND) was launched to provide a national intelligence overview from local data. This study examines the database, using a mixed-methods approach. Descriptive and inferential analyses of PND usage data highlight that different forces use the PND, and its various capabilities, with different levels of frequency. Thematic analyses of interviews and focus groups with PND users identified: specific examples of PND use, as well as its perceived strengths, perceived deficiencies, and future considerations. Implications for policing practice are discussed.
Preferences of patients for benefits and risks of insomnia medications using data elicited during two phase III clinical trials
Authors: Heidenreich Sebastian , Ross Melissa , Chua Gin Nie , Seboek Kinter Dalma , Phillips-Beyer Andrea
Published: September 2022

Study Objectives

To elicit the trade-offs patients are willing to make between benefits and risks of medications for chronic insomnia, with the purpose of allowing a patient-centric interpretation of clinical trial data.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was included in the two placebo-controlled phase III trials that evaluated the efficacy and safety of daridorexant. The DCE design was informed by a two-phase qualitative study, followed by qualitative and quantitative pilot testing before fielding. Relative attribute importance (RAI) and acceptable trade-offs between benefits and risks were obtained using a mixed logit model.

Results

Preferences were elicited from 602 trial participants (68.1% female, aged 58.6 ± 14.5 years). Preferences were most affected by daytime functioning (RAI = 33.7%) as a treatment benefit and withdrawal symptoms (RAI = 27.5%) as a risk. Patients also valued shorter sleep onset (RAI = 6.4%), longer sleep maintenance (RAI = 5.4%), reduced likelihood of abnormal thoughts and behavioral changes (RAI = 11.3%), reduced likelihood of dizziness/grogginess (RAI = 9.2%), and reduced likelihood of falls at night (RAI = 6.5%). Patients were willing to make trade-offs between these attributes. For example, they would accept an additional 18.8% risk of abnormal thoughts and behavioral changes to improve their daytime functioning from difficult to restricted and an additional 8.1% risk of abnormal thoughts and behavioral changes to avoid moderate withdrawal effects.

Conclusions

Patients with insomnia were willing to make trade-offs between multiple benefits and risks of pharmacological treatments. Because patients valued daytime functioning more than sleep latency and duration, we recommend that functional outcomes and sleep quality be considered in treatment development and evaluation.
Caveolin-1 and Its Functional Peptide CSP7 Affect Silica-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Regulating Fibroblast Glutaminolysis
Authors: Li Guanru , Xu Qi , Cheng Demin , Sun Wenqing , Liu Yi , Ma Dongyu , Wang Yue , Zhou Siyun , Ni Chunhui
Published: September 2022

Exposure to silica is a cause of pulmonary fibrosis disease termed silicosis, which leads to respiratory failure and ultimately death. However, what drives fibrosis is not fully elucidated and therapeutic options remain limited. Our previous RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the expression of caveolin-1 (CAV1) was downregulated in silica-inhaled mouse lung tissues. Here, we not only verified that CAV1 was decreased in silica-induced fibrotic mouse lung tissues in both messenger RNA and protein levels, but also found that CSP7, a functional peptide of CAV1, could attenuate pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. Further in vitro experiments revealed that CAV1 reduced the expression of Yes-associated protein 1(YAP1) and affected its nuclear translocation in fibroblasts. In addition, Glutaminase 1 (GLS1), a key regulator of glutaminolysis, was identified to be a downstream effector of YAP1. CAV1 could suppress the activity of YAP1 to decrease the transcription of GLS1, thereby inhibiting fibroblast activation. Taken together, our results demonstrated that CAV1 and its functional peptide CSP7 may be potential molecules or drugs for the prevention and intervention of silicosis.
The Hop Cyst Nematode, Heterodera humuli: History, Distribution, and Impact on Global Hop Production
Authors: Darling Elisabeth , Núñez-Rodríguez Lester , Chung Henry , Zasada Inga , Quintanilla-Tornel Marisol
Published: September 2022

Humulus lupulus (commonly known as hop) is an herbaceous plant that is used in brewing throughout the world. Hop cones are an essential ingredient in the production of beer, which makes hops of critical importance to global craft beverage industries. The hop cyst nematode, Heterodera humuli, is a plant-parasitic nematode with the potential to substantially limit yields of hop. H. humuli has been detected in many of the most significant regions for hop production worldwide, and infestations of H. humuli can consequently impact hop growth and limit cone production. Despite documented reports on the distribution of and damage caused by H. humuli since its description in 1934, there have been limited studies on the biology, pathogenicity, management, and consequences of infestations on hop production over time. Inconsistencies and gaps in the available information (e.g., the number of H. humuli generations per season, host status of alternate crops), exacerbate difficulties in understanding how H. humuli can be managed. Resolving the existing knowledge gaps identified within this review can lead to determining effective H. humuli management strategies for hop growers.
Oxytocin: At Birth and Beyond. A Systematic Review of the Long-term Effects of Peripartum Oxytocin
Authors: Monks D.T. , Palanisamy A.
Published: September 2022

(Anaesthesia. 2021;76:1526–1537)

In obstetrics, oxytocin is used to augment labor and to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. However, recent research points to its important effects in social behavioral traits, including compassion, empathy, and trust. This study looked at long-term consequences of peripartum oxytocin administration on mothers and infants.
Maternal Critical Care: The Story Behind the Numbers
Authors: Toledo P. , Nelson L. , Stey A.
Published: September 2022

(Analg. 2022;134:578–580)

In 2014, 50,000 maternal patients experienced severe maternal morbidity (SMM) and about 700 of these patients died. Postpartum and antepartum units do not have the staff required for intense patient monitoring, resulting in admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). An admission to the ICU postpartum results in separation of the mother from the infant, increasing the risk of postpartum depression, decreased bonding with the infant, and delayed initiation of breast-feeding. Given the rarity of maternal mortality, determining outcomes from maternal morbidity allows for greater quality assessment and improvement.
Association of Maternal Antidepressant Prescription During Pregnancy With Standardized Test Scores of Danish School-aged Children
Authors: Christensen J. , Trabjerg B.B. , Sun Y. , Dreier J.W.
Published: September 2022

(JAMA. 2021;326:1725–1735)

Prenatal exposure to maternal antidepressants has been studied with concern for congenital malformation as well as cognitive, neurologic, and psychiatric developmental impact in the mother’s offspring. The continued use of antidepressants in pregnant mothers may bring important benefit for serious psychiatric disorders, and interruption of this well-indicated treatment is not an insignificant concern. This study evaluated long-term cognitive outcomes of school performance in children exposed to antidepressants in utero. Assessment for association of standardized test performance among Danish children with maternal prescription of antidepressants was considered.
Performance of the Hypotension Prediction Index With Noninvasive Arterial Pressure Waveforms in Awake Cesarean Delivery Patients Under Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Frassanito L. , Sonnino C. , Piersanti A. , Zanfini B. , Catarci S. , Giuri P. , Scorzoni M. , Gonnella G. , Antonelli M. , Draisci G.
Published: September 2022

(Anesth Analg. 2022;134:633–643)

Many consider spinal anesthesia (SA) the foremost method for cesarean delivery, but previous studies show this can lead to hypotension. A previous research team determined the effectiveness of the noninvasive hypotension prediction index (HPI) algorithm, an algorithm using high-fidelity arterial pressure waveform recordings and 22 additional features to measure the likelihood of a hypotensive event on a scale from 1 to 100, in predicting hypotension. This study assessed the ability of the HPI algorithm and the ClearSight system in comparison with noninvasive blood pressure monitoring (NIBP) during SA procedures.