bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring a case of incompatibility in a complex regimen containing Plasma‐Lyte 148 in the pediatric intensive care
Authors: Nilsson Niklas , Nguyen Vivian , Nezvalova‐Henriksen Katerina , Tho Ingunn
Published: November 2022

Background

In the local pediatric intensive care unit, precipitation was observed in the intravenous catheter upon co‐administration of four drugs together with the buffered electrolyte solution (Plasma‐Lyte 148, Baxter). Co‐infusion of incompatible combinations represents a safety concern.

Aims

To reproduce the clinical case of precipitation. To further explore and understand the risk of precipitation, different combinations of the components as well as the corresponding electrolyte solution with 5% glucose (Plasma‐Lyte 148 with 5% glucose) should be investigated.

Methods

Physical compatibility of fentanyl, ketamine, midazolam, and potassium chloride was tested in combination with the buffered electrolyte solutions. The concentrations and infusion rates representative of children 10–40 kg were used to estimate mixing ratios. Analyses detecting visual particles (Tyndall beam) and sub‐visual particles (light obscuration technology) were undertaken. Measured turbidity and pH in mixed samples were compared with unmixed controls.

Results

Both midazolam and ketamine showed formation of visual and sub‐visual particles upon mixing with Plasma‐Lyte 148, respectively. Particle formation was confirmed by increased turbidity and a distinct Tyndall effect. pH in mixed samples mirrored the pH of the buffered electrolyte, suggesting that the solubility limits of midazolam, and in some ratios also ketamine, were exceeded. Midazolam also precipitated in combination with the glucose‐containing product that held a lower pH, more favorable for keeping midazolam dissolved.

Conclusions

Replication of the case revealed that both midazolam and ketamine contributed to the precipitation. Midazolam and ketamine were both evaluated as incompatible with the buffered electrolyte solution and midazolam also with the buffered electrolyte‐glucose solution and should not be co‐administered in the same i.v.‐catheter line. Fentanyl and potassium chloride were interpreted as compatible with both buffered electrolytes.
Innovation in the Norwegian aquaculture industry
Authors: Afewerki Samson , Asche Frank , Misund Bård , Thorvaldsen Trine , Tveteras Ragnar
Published: November 2022

Global aquaculture production has grown very rapidly in recent decades. This is largely due to a number of innovations that has increased the control with the production process and competitiveness. These innovations come in a number of forms from radical new concepts to knowledge adaption from the terrestrial food production system. While there exist a number of studies investigating the impact of specific innovations, there are few studies that take a larger perspective on how innovations over time impacts an aquaculture industry or the innovation system that support these innovations. In this paper we review the innovation process in Norwegian salmon aquaculture industry from its infancy in 1970 until present. Of particular interest is the increasing complexity of the industry, and how most innovations are conducted by suppliers and not the aquaculture producers themselves. The insights are also of general interest in global aquaculture as salmon is among the species with the most advanced production technologies, but also a species where innovations are adapted to other species also in very different production systems.
The effect of progesterone injection combined with prostaglandineF2α, GnRH and hCG administrations on the pregnancy and lambing rate of lactating and non‐lactating fat‐tailed ewes during the breeding season
Authors: Mirzaei Abdolah , Javidi Mohammad , Boostani Alidad
Published: November 2022

The objective was to compare the effect of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) on the pregnancy and lambing rate of treated ewes with a short‐term progesterone (P4) injection during the breeding season. In Exp 1, non‐lactating ewes (n = 158) were used and received P4, three times every 48 h and received PGF2α along with the last dose of P4. Ewe received hCG (n = 79, 3PHCG, IM) or GnRH (n = 79, 3PGnRH, IM) 24 h after the last dose of P4 treatment. In the Exp 2, lactating ewes (n = 62) received P4 and hCG (n = 24, 3PHCG) or GnRH (n = 24, 3PGnRH) similar to Exp 1, or considered as control (n = 14) and received PGF2α 48 h before ram release. Rams were released into the studied ewe's flock 24 h after the hCG or GnRH administration, and pregnancy diagnosis was performed on day 50 after ram release. In Exp 1, all reproductive indices were not significant between groups except twin lambing rate, that was higher in the 3PHCG (11.3%) compared with the 3PGnRH (1.9%) group (p = .05). There were no significant differences in overall pregnancy and lambing rates between 3PHCG (70.9% and 67.1%) and 3PGnRH (69.6% and 68.4%) groups (p > .05). In Exp 2, all reproductive parameters were not significant between 3PHCG and 3PGnRH groups (p > .05). There was significant difference in overall oestrous rate between control (35.7%) and treatment (3PHCG, 70.9% and 3PGnRH, 79.2%) groups. To conclude, administration of GnRH can be a good alternative to hCG injection under field conditions.
Inhibition of FGF receptor impairs primitive endoderm differentiation in bovine embryos
Authors: Santos Gabriel S. , Martins Matheus P. , Luedke Felipe E. , Tanaka Yuki , Carreiro Letícia E. , Mendes Camilla Mota , Goissis Marcelo Demarchi
Published: November 2022

The first cellular differentiation event in the pre‐implantation embryo results in the trophectoderm (TE) and the inner cell mass (ICM). A second event occurs in the latter, resulting in the epiblast and the primitive endoderm (PE). This second differentiation is still not fully characterized in bovine development, although it is likely to involve FGF signalling. Thus, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that stimulation or inhibition of the FGF pathway during bovine embryo in vitro culture would only interfere with PE differentiation if maintained until later blastocyst stages. At first, we characterized the expression of PE marker SOX17 at different blastocyst stages. Then, we treated in vitro produced embryos during different windows of time: days 5.0–7.0 (D5–D7), D7–D9, and D5–D9 with 1 μg/ml FGF4 and 1 μg/ml heparin or 1 mM FGFR inhibitor, AZD4547. We observed that the SOX17‐positive cell number only increases in late‐stage blastocysts compared to early stages. Treatment of embryos with FGF4 did not change the number of SOX17‐positive cells, while inhibition of FGFR signalling reduced SOX17‐positive cells from D5–D7 and completely ablated SOX17 expression when kept until D9. In conclusion, FGFR inhibition repressed PE differentiation in bovine embryos at all time points, although stimulation with FGF4 did not interfere with PE cell numbers.
When Survey Science Met Web Tracking: Presenting an Error Framework for Metered Data
Authors: Bosch Oriol J. , Revilla Melanie
Published: November 2022

Metered data, also called web-tracking data, are generally collected from a sample of participants who willingly install or configure, onto their devices, technologies that track digital traces left when people go online (e.g., URLs visited). Since metered data allow for the observation of online behaviours unobtrusively, it has been proposed as a useful tool to understand what people do online and what impacts this might have on online and offline phenomena. It is crucial, nevertheless, to understand its limitations. Although some research have explored the potential errors of metered data, a systematic categorisation and conceptualisation of these errors are missing. Inspired by the Total Survey Error, we present a Total Error framework for digital traces collected with Meters (TEM). The TEM framework (1) describes the data generation and the analysis process for metered data and (2) documents the sources of bias and variance that may arise in each step of this process. Using a case study we also show how the TEM can be applied in real life to identify, quantify and reduce metered data errors. Results suggest that metered data might indeed be affected by the error sources identified in our framework and, to some extent, biased. This framework can help improve the quality of both stand-alone metered data research projects, as well as foster the understanding of how and when survey and metered data can be combined.
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of the dense fine speckled pattern: Indirect immunofluorescence‐antinuclear antibody screening in the Chinese population
Authors: Meng Jingjing , Wang Rong , Luo Yueming , Li Siting , Bai Yina , Song Ning , Li Mengtao , Zeng Xiaofeng , Hu Chaojun
Published: November 2022

To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of the dense fine speckled (DFS) pattern in a large‐scale cohort of Chinese patients. Data on the antinuclear antibody (ANA) and extractable nuclear antigen (ENA) autoantibody obtained from 165 498 patients who attended Peking Union Medical College Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021 were retrospectively analysed. The prevalence of the DFS pattern was 1.14%, and it mainly appeared in young patients (≤24 years old). A higher positive rate of the DFS pattern was observed in patients with dermatosis (18.12%) and systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) (13.53%). The DFS pattern titre was mostly low or medium (≤1:160). A higher titre was associated with an increased risk of SARDs (p < .001), dermatosis (p = .015) and pulmonary disease (p = .016). In 37 patients with ENA autoantibody positivity, anti‐SSA antibody was the most common (2.55%). If the low titre (<1:160) or the DFS pattern with negative ENA autoantibody were to be used as exclusion criteria for SARDs, the diagnosis would have been missed in 42 or 77 patients, respectively. The prevalence of the DFS pattern was low in ANA test samples and was more common in patients with dermatosis and SARDs, but the titre was usually higher in patients with SARDs. There was no evidence that the DFS pattern could be used as an exclusion criterion for SARDs diagnosis. The DFS pattern was associated with certain pathological states, which may inform the clinical significance of the DFS pattern.
Physical activity, sedentary time, and fitness in relation to brain shapes in children with overweight/obesity: Links to intelligence
Authors: Cadenas‐Sanchez Cristina , Migueles Jairo H. , Verdejo‐Román Juan , Erickson Kirk I. , Esteban‐Cornejo Irene , Catena Andrés , Ortega Francisco B.
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To examine the association between physical activity, sedentary time, and physical fitness with the shapes of subcortical brain structures in children with overweight/obesity. Further, we analyzed whether differences in the shapes of subcortical brain structures were related to intelligence. We hypothesized that those children with higher physical activity levels, lower sedentary time, and better fitness, would show greater expansion of the brain regions analyzed, and these expansions would be associated with higher intelligence.

Study Design

100 children (10.0 ± 1.1 years, 40 girls) were included in the analyses. Physical activity and sedentary time were measured by accelerometry, and physical fitness was evaluated by a fitness battery. Shapes of subcortical brain structures were assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Intelligence was measured by the Kaufmann Brief Intelligence test.

Results

Physical activity was related to expansion of the right/left pallidum, right/left putamen, and right thalamus (p < 0.05). Higher sedentary time was related to contraction of the left thalamus and right nucleus accumbens (p < 0.05). Higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with expansion of the right amygdala (p = 0.022). Greater strength in the upper‐limb was related to expansion of the right/left pallidum and the left nucleus accumbens (p < 0.038), and contraction of the left amygdala (p = 0.030). Better speed‐agility was associated with expansion of the left nucleus accumbens (p = 0.036). Physical activity‐ and fitness‐related expansion of the right pallidum was associated with higher intelligence (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Physical activity, sedentary time, and physical fitness were significantly related to the shapes of subcortical brain structures, which in turn were related to intelligence in children with overweight/obesity.
Shaping the rise of brotherhood: Social, political, and economic contexts and the “Golden Age of Fraternalism”
Authors: Chamberlain Adam , Yanus Alixandra B.
Published: November 2022

Objective

This study seeks to investigate how social, political, and economic factors shaped demand for membership in three major federated fraternal orders in the United States during the late 19th and early 20th centuries: the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Pythias, and the Improved Order of Red Men.

Methods

Error‐correction, time‐series‐cross‐sectional models are estimated using state‐level data, with the first differences in total membership, new initiations, and suspensions serving as dependent variables.

Results

We find evidence that railroads, urbanization, immigration, bank panics, and presidential election years all had significant effects on membership; those effects, however, varied by fraternal order.

Conclusion

The demand for American fraternalism was affected by civil society, politics, and the economy in ways that scholars have not previously studied.
Pot‐bellied Vietnamese pig with visceral mast cell tumors and mastocytemia
Authors: Willey Abby M. , Baughman Brittany S. , Beam Jennifer M. , Mamaliger Nataly , Grissett Gretchen P. , Woolums Amelia R. , Williams Marjorie J. , Williams Matthew L.
Published: November 2022

An approximately 12‐year‐old female Vietnamese Pot‐Bellied Pig was presented to the Mississippi State College of Veterinary Medicine Food Animal Service for anorexia of 2 days duration. On physical examination, the patient appeared depressed and lethargic with significantly pale mucus membranes, open mouth breathing, and nostril flaring. On abdominal palpation, the abdomen was tense and uncomfortable. A complete blood count (CBC) and chemistry profile were performed. The CBC revealed significant anemia and mild leukocytosis characterized by mild neutrophilia with a left shift. Mast cells were rarely observed. Hematocrit = 8.1% (RI 22‐50), RBC = 1.25 × 106/μL (RI 3.6‐7.8), WBC = 19.85 × 103/μL (RI 5.2‐17.9), Neutrophils = 15.08 × 103/μL (RI 0‐11.4), and Bands = 0.993 × 103/μL (RI 0‐0.019). The chemistry profile was unremarkable with a mildly elevated BUN and slightly decreased total protein and albumin (BUN = 39 mg/dL [RI 4.2‐15.1], total protein = 6.2 g/dL [RI 6.6‐8.9], and albumin = 2.5 g/dL [RI 3.6‐5.0]). An abdominal ultrasound revealed numerous hypoechoic nodules diffusely scattered throughout the hepatic parenchyma. An FNA of one of the hepatic nodules was performed. A mild suppurative component and numerous variably granulated mast cells were observed. A presumptive cytologic diagnosis of mast cell tumor was made. Histopathology was performed, confirming the cytologic interpretation.
A cross‐sectional study of haemolytic disease of the newborn in Uganda
Authors: Dhabangi Aggrey , Nankunda Jolly , Okaba Violet , Nakubulwa Sarah , Hume Heather A. , Dzik Walter H. , Heddle Nancy M.
Published: November 2022

Background and Objectives

Haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is an immune haemolytic anaemia from maternal alloantibodies. Rh immunoglobulin (RhIg) prophylaxis can prevent alloimmunization to the D antigen. However, RhIg is not universally available in Uganda. ABO incompatibility also causes HDN. We determined the prevalence of HDN among newborn infants with jaundice in Uganda.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a prospective cross‐sectional study at Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda. Infants aged 0–14 days with neonatal jaundice (or total bilirubin >50 μmol/L) were enrolled. Clinical evaluation and laboratory testing, including ABO, RhD typing and maternal antibody screen, were performed.

Results

A total of 466 babies were enrolled. The mean (SD) age was 3.4 (1.5) days. Of newborn babies with jaundice, 17.2% (80/466) had HDN. Babies with HDN had lower haemoglobin (SD); 15.7 (2.7) compared with those without HDN; 16.4 (2.4) g/dL, p = 0.016; and a higher bilirubin (interquartile range); 241 (200–318) compared with those without HDN; 219 (191–263) μmol/L, p < 0.001. One baby had anti‐D HDN, while 46/466 had HDN from an ABO incompatibility (anti‐A 43.5% and anti‐B 56.5%); 82% of babies with HDN also had suspected neonatal sepsis or birth asphyxia. About 79.2% (57/72) of mothers did not have ABO/Rh blood group performed antenatally. All infants with HDN survived except one.

Conclusion

Among newborn infants with jaundice, HDN is not rare. The majority is due to ABO HDN affecting group A and group B babies equally. Ensuring routine ABO/Rh grouping for all pregnant women is an area for improvement.
Diffusive separation in rarefied plume interaction
Authors: Vesper J. Elin , Kenjereš Saša , Kleijn Chris R.
Published: November 2022

In the present study, we propose the use of a light, inert carrier gas to support deposition uniformity and rate in continuous physical vapor deposition, in which closely spaced slots or nozzles are required to achieve a sufficiently high deposition rate. Interaction shocks between the emerging rarefied plumes cause undesired nonuniformities in the deposited coating. The present work evaluates the effect of adding a carrier gas on the interaction shock. We study the interaction between two sonic plumes consisting of a binary mixture, i.e., silver as coating material and helium as a light inert carrier gas, by direct simulation Monte Carlo. While the inlet Mach and Knudsen numbers were kept constant, the fraction of carrier gas was varied to single out the effect of species separation. The influence of rarefaction on species separation was also studied. Species separation produces a high carrier-gas fraction in the periphery and an accumulation of the heavier species in the jet core. The resulting change in the speed of sound alters the local expansion characteristics and, thus, shifts the shock location and weakens the shock. These phenomena intensify with the degree of rarefaction. It is shown that adding a light carrier gas increases deposition rate may enhance uniformity and reduce stray deposition.
Heart Rate Does Not Accurately Predict Metabolic Intensity During Variable-Intensity Roller Skiing or Cycling
Authors: Staunton Craig A. , Andersson Erik P. , Skovereng Knut , Björklund Glenn
Published: November 2022

Purpose: To critically appraise the utility of heart rate (HR) and power output (PO) to predict metabolic rate (MR) and oxygen consumption () during variable-intensity roller skiing and cycling. Methods: National-level cyclists (n = 8) and cross-country skiers (n = 9) completed a preliminary session to determine , and a variable-intensity protocol with 3 high-intensity stages at 90% for 3 minutes interspersed with 3 moderate-intensity stages at 70% for 6 minutes. Cardiorespiratory measures were recorded throughout. Linear HR–MR, , PO–MR, and regressions were computed from the preliminary session, individually, for all athletes and used to predict MR and from both HR and PO, separately, during the variable-intensity protocol. Mean differences with 95% limits of agreement (LOA) between measured and predicted MR and were calculated. Results: MR and estimated from HR displayed a mean bias close to zero but wide LOA. HR overestimated MR and during moderate intensity but underestimated MR and during high intensity, for both roller skiing and cycling. MR and estimated from PO were more consistent across the experimental trial, displaying a mean bias farther from zero but with tighter LOA. Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that HR has limited utility to predict metabolic intensity during variable-intensity roller skiing and cycling because of wide LOA. On the other hand, metabolic intensity predicted from PO had tighter LOA, suggesting better consistency. PO might provide a better prediction of metabolic intensity compared with HR, particularly when longer-duration steps are performed during preliminary testing.
Selected Immunoendocrine Measures for Monitoring Responses to Training and Match Load in Professional Association Football: A Review of the Evidence
Authors: Springham Matthew , Newton Robert U. , Strudwick Anthony J. , Waldron Mark
Published: November 2022

Biomarkers relating to player “stress balance,” immunological (ie, immunoglobulin-A), and hormonal (ie, testosterone and cortisol [T:C]) status are now commonly used in football. This article is our critical review of the scientific literature relating to the response of these measures to player load and their relationships with player health. The commonly reported relationship between immunoglobulin-A and training or match load highlights its sensitivity to changes in psychophysiological stress and the increased risk of compromised mucosal immunity. This is supported by its close relationship with symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and its association with perceived fatigue in football players. Testosterone and cortisol concentrations and the testosterone–cortisol ratio are sensitive to changes in player load, but the direction of their response is often inconsistent and is likely influenced by player training status and non-sport-related stressors. Some evidence indicates that sustained periods of high training volume can increase resting testosterone and that sustained periods of low and high training intensity can increase resting cortisol, compromising the testosterone–cortisol ratio. These findings are noteworthy, as recent findings indicate interrelationships between testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone:cortisol and perceived measures of fatigue, sleep quality, and muscle soreness in football players. Variability in individual responses suggests the need for a multivariate and individualized approach to player monitoring. Overall, we consider that there is sufficient evidence to support the use of salivary immunoglobulin-A, testosterone, cortisol, and testosterone:cortisol measures as part of a multivariate, individualized player monitoring system in professional football.
Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Association Between Gait Speed, Ankle Proprioception, and LE Numbness—Results From the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
Authors: Ko Seung-uk , Simonsick Eleanor M. , Jerome Gerald J. , Palchamy Elango , Ferrucci Luigi
Published: November 2022

Mobility declines in older adults can be determined through monitoring longitudinal changes in gait speed. We examined longitudinal changes [in] ankle proprioception among those with and without baseline lower extremity numbness to develop a better understanding of mobility declines in healthy older adults. Participants included 568 adults (52.8% women) aged 60–98 years from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Larger ankle proprioception decreases during plantar flexion were found in the participants with lower extremity numbness compared with those without numbness (p = .034). Among participants with lower extremity numbness, slower baseline speeds from both usual and fast pace gait were associated with performance decline in ankle proprioception measured during ankle dorsiflexion (p = .039 and p = .004, respectively). Assisting older adults, especially those with lower extremity numbness, to maintain and improve ankle proprioception may help prevent mobility declines that have previously been considered age related.
An Alternative Autophagy-Related Mechanism of Chloroquine Drug Resistance in the Malaria Parasite
Authors: Kamil Mohd , Atmaca Habibe N. , Unal Sinem , Kina Umit Y. , Burak Pinar , Deveci Gozde , Yilmaz Ilknur , Aly Ahmed S. I.
Published: November 2022

We generated highly chloroquine (CQ)-resistant (ResCQ)
Plasmodium yoelii
parasites by stepwise exposure to increasing concentrations of CQ and CQ-sensitive parasites (SenCQ) by parallel mock treatments. No mutations in genes that are associated with drug resistance were detected in ResCQ clones.
Transcription Factor VdCf2 Regulates Growth, Pathogenicity, and the Expression of a Putative Secondary Metabolism Gene Cluster in Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Liu Tao , Qin Jun , Cao Yonghong , Subbarao Krishna V. , Chen Jieyin , Mandal Mihir K. , Xu Xiangming , Shang Wenjing , Hu Xiaoping
Published: November 2022

Verticillium dahliae
is an important soilborne phytopathogen which can ruinously attack numerous host plants and cause significant economic losses. Transcription factors (TFs) were reported to be involved in various biological processes, such as hyphal growth and virulence of pathogenic fungi.
Analysis of the Prevalence of Binding and Neutralizing Antibodies against 39 Human Adenovirus Types in Student Cohorts Reveals Low-Prevalence Types and a Decline in Binding Antibody Levels during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Kerkmann Leonie , Hetzel Mario , Windmann Sonja , Trilling Mirko , Zhang Wenli , Ehrhardt Anja , Bayer Wibke
Published: November 2022

Vectors based on human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are important for the development of novel immunizations, oncolytic therapies, and gene therapies. The use of HAdV-based vaccines against Ebola virus, the rapid adaptation of the vector technology for vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and their very good efficacy have shown the great potential of HAdV-based vaccines.
Draft Genome Sequence of Lactococcus lactis Strain PrHT3, Isolated from Organic Basil
Authors: Truitt Chelsea , Meza Guadalupe , Tiong Hung King , Hoyt Peter R. , Deole Ratnakar
Published: November 2022

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Lactococcus lactis
strain PrHT3, which was isolated from organic basil. This strain possesses one chromosome and two plasmids. This strain possesses potential probiotic characteristics.
Draft Genomes of 83
Vibrio
Isolates from Fresh Canadian Mollusks
Authors: Teixeira Januana S. , Dussault Forest , Hoover Emily , Shay Julie A. , Weedmark Kelly , Banerjee Swapan K.
Published: November 2022

A subset of
Vibrio
spp. isolated from fresh Canadian mollusks (2014 to 2018) were selected for sequencing based on antimicrobial resistance profiles. The resulting
de novo
draft genomes include 38
Vibrio alginolyticus
, 32
V. diabolicus
, 10
V. parahaemolyticus
, 1
V. cholerae
, 1
V. ordalii
, and 1
Vibrio
sp. isolate.
Complete Genomes of Three Pseudomonas aeruginosa Bacteriophages, Kara-mokiny 1, Kara-mokiny 2, and Kara-mokiny 3
Authors: Ng Renee N. , Tai Anna S. , Chang Barbara J. , Stick Stephen M. , Agudelo-Romero Patricia , Kicic Anthony ,   WAERP,   AREST CF
Published: November 2022

Here, we present the complete genome sequence of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
phages Kara-mokiny 1, Kara-mokiny 2, and Kara-mokiny 3. These phages have lytic capabilities against
P. aeruginosa
and belong to the myovirus morphotype. The genomes of Kara-mokiny 1 and Kara-mokiny 2 are 67,075 bp while that of Kara-mokiny 3 is 66,019 bp long.
Rationally Designed Minimal Bioactive Domains of AS-48 Bacteriocin Homologs Possess Potent Antileishmanial Properties
Authors: Corman Hannah N. , Ross Jessica N. , Fields Francisco R. , Shoue Douglas A. , McDowell Mary Ann , Lee Shaun W.
Published: November 2022

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus
Leishmania
. There are three primary clinical forms, cutaneous, mucocutaneous, and visceral, with visceral leishmaniasis being fatal if left untreated.
Use of a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome to Generate Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Expressing Robust Levels of Reporter Genes
Authors: Ye Chengjin , Martinez-Sobrido Luis
Published: November 2022

We have established a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based RG system to generate recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (rSARS-CoV-2) and to engineer reporter-expressing recombinant viruses to assess viral infection
in vitro
and
in vivo
. To date, we have shared our BAC-based RG system with more than 100 laboratories around the world, which has helped to expedite investigations with SARS-CoV-2.
Parallel Evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa during a Prolonged ICU-Infection Outbreak
Authors: Cameron David R. , Pitton Melissa , Oberhaensli Simone , Schlegel Katja , Prod’hom Guy , Blanc Dominique S. , Jakob Stephan M. , Que Yok-Ai
Published: November 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is a Gram-negative pathogen causing infections in acutely burned patients. The precise mechanisms required for the establishment of infection in the burn setting, and adaptive traits underpinning prolonged outbreaks are not known.
Immediate and delayed migration of Onyx embolisation into the renal collecting system
Authors: Azari Sarah , Liu Bohan , Sarin Shawn , Jarrett Thomas
Published: November 2022

We present a case of Onyx embolisation of a renal pseudoaneurysm following partial nephrectomy with collecting system involvement with subsequent migration of Onyx into the renal collecting system resulting in renal obstruction. This occurred both immediately after embolisation and again 8 years after embolisation. Both cases required ureteroscopic surgical intervention. In the first instance, the pieces were removed using basket extraction. In the second, laser lithotripsy was used in addition to basket extraction. While there are a few cases of embolisation coils eroding into the renal collecting system, this is the second reported case of Onyx migration and the first where ureteroscopy with laser lithotripsy was used. The patient is doing well and undergoing surveillance ultrasounds to ensure there is no further Onyx migration. This may be a consideration for patients with pseudoaneurysm embolisation especially in the setting of prior collecting system damage.
COVID-19 public health and social measures: a comprehensive picture of six Asian countries
Authors: Foo Chuan De , Verma Monica , Tan See Mieng , Haldane Victoria , Reyes Katherine Ann , Garcia Fernando , Canila Carmelita , Orano Joseph , Ballesteros Alfredo Jose , Marthias Tiara , Mahendradhata Yodi , Tuangratananon Titiporn , Rajatanavin Nattadhanai , Poungkantha Warapon , Mai Oanh Tran , The Due Ong , Asgari-Jirhandeh Nima , Tangcharoensathien Viroj , Legido-Quigley Helena
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic will not be the last of its kind. As the world charts a way towards an equitable and resilient recovery, Public Health and Social Measures (PHSMs) that were implemented since the beginning of the pandemic need to be made a permanent feature of health systems that can be activated and readily deployed to tackle sudden surges in infections going forward. Although PHSMs aim to blunt the spread of the virus, and in turn protect lives and preserve health system capacity, there are also unintended consequences attributed to them. Importantly, the interactions between PHSMs and their accompanying key indicators that influence the strength and duration of PHSMs are elements that require in-depth exploration. This research employs case studies from six Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Singapore, South Korea, Thailand, the Philippines and Vietnam, to paint a comprehensive picture of PHSMs that protect the lives and livelihoods of populations. Nine typologies of PHSMs that emerged are as follows: (1) physical distancing, (2) border controls, (3) personal protective equipment requirements, (4) transmission monitoring, (5) surge health infrastructure capacity, (6) surge medical supplies, (7) surge human resources, (8) vaccine availability and roll-out and (9) social and economic support measures. The key indicators that influence the strength and duration of PHSMs are as follows: (1) size of community transmission, (2) number of severe cases and mortality, (3) health system capacity, (4) vaccine coverage, (5) fiscal space and (6) technology. Interactions between PHSMs can be synergistic or inhibiting, depending on various contextual factors. Fundamentally, PHSMs do not operate in silos, and a suite of PHSMs that are complementary is required to ensure that lives and livelihoods are safeguarded with an equity lens. For that to be achieved, strong governance structures and community engagement are also required at all levels of the health system.
Socioeconomic status and modification of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk prediction: epidemiological analysis using data from the atherosclerosis risk in communities study
Authors: Henderson Kamal , Kaufman Brystana , Rotter Jason S , Stearns Sally , Sueta Carla A A , Foraker Randi , Ho P Michael , Chang Patricia P
Published: November 2022

Objective

Examine whether the relationship between the pooled cohort equations (PCE) predicted 10-year risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and absolute risk for ASCVD is modified by socioeconomic status (SES).

Design

Population-based longitudinal cohort study—Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)—investigating the development of cardiovascular disease across demographic subgroups.

Setting

Four communities in the USA—Forsyth County, North Carolina, Jackson, Mississippi, suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota and Washington County, Maryland.

Participants

We identified 9782 ARIC men and women aged 54–73 without ASCVD at study visit 4 (1996–1998).

Primary outcome measures

Risk ratio (RR) differences in 10-year incident hospitalisations or death for ASCVD by SES and PCE predicted 10-year ASCVD risk categories to assess for risk modification. SES measures included educational attainment and census-tract neighbourhood deprivation using the Area Deprivation Index. PCE risk categories were 0%–5%, >5%–10%, >10%-15% and >15%. SES as a prognostic factor to estimate ASCVD absolute risk categories was further investigated as an interaction term with the PCE.

Results

ASCVD RRs for participants without a high school education (referent college educated) increased at higher PCE estimated risk categories and was consistently >1. Results indicate education is both a risk modifier and delineates populations at higher ASCVD risk independent of PCE. Neighbourhood deprivation did modify association but was less consistent in direction of effect. However, for participants residing in the most deprived neighbourhoods (referent least deprived neighbourhoods) with a PCE estimated risk >10%–15%, risk was significantly elevated (RR 1.65, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.59). Education and neighbourhood deprivation inclusion as an interaction term on the PCE risk score was statistically significant (likelihood ratio p≤0.0001).

Conclusions

SES modifies the association between PCE estimated risk and absolute risk of ASCVD. SES added into ASCVD risk prediction models as an interaction term may improve our ability to predict absolute ASCVD risk among socially disadvantaged populations.
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in periconceptional and lactating women: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Su Xianzhi , Lu Hua , Li Xinyun , Luo Mingli , Li Fangyuan , Zhang Qi
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The pandemic of COVID-19 disease has caused severe impact globally. Governments consider vaccination as an effective measure to control pandemic. However, many people have been hesitant to receive COVID-19 vaccine, particularly periconceptional and lactating women. Although research has indicated that pregnant women with COVID-19 are at a higher risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, as well as severe illness. There appears to be a lack of systematic and comprehensive evidence of the prevalence and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among periconceptional and lactating women. As a result, it has been essential to investigate periconceptional and lactating women’s vaccination views and behaviours. This study will review articles on vaccine hesitancy among periconceptional and lactating women to assess the impact of the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy during the pandemic.

Methods and analysis

We will systematically search observational studies from 1 November 2019 to 30 October 2021 in the following databases: Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, WHO COVID-19 Database, CNKI and WanFang Database. The following medical subject headings and free-text terms will be used: “COVID-19 vaccines” AND “female” AND “vaccine hesitancy”. Eligibility criteria are as follows: population (women of reproductive age); exposure (currently pregnant, lactational or trying to get pregnant); comparison (general women who are not in preconception, gestation or lactation) and outcome (the rate of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy). Article screening and data extraction will be undertaken independently by two reviewers, and any discrepancy will be resolved through discussion. We will use I2statistics to assess heterogeneity and perform a meta-analysis when sufficiently homogeneous studies are provided. We will explore the potential sources of heterogeneity using subgroup and meta-regression analysis.

Ethics and dissemination

This study will use published data, so ethical approval is not required. The findings will be disseminated by publication in peer-reviewed journal(s).

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021257511.
Interventions to support the mental health and well-being of front-line healthcare workers in hospitals during pandemics: an evidence review and synthesis
Authors: Robins-Browne Kate , Lewis Matthew , Burchill Luke James , Gilbert Cecily , Johnson Caroline , O'Donnell Meaghan , Kotevski Aneta , Poonian Jasmine , Palmer Victoria J
Published: November 2022

Objective

Pandemics negatively impact healthcare workers’ (HCW’s) mental health and well-being causing additional feelings of anxiety, depression, moral distress and post-traumatic stress. A comprehensive review and evidence synthesis of HCW’s mental health and well-being interventions through pandemics reporting mental health outcomes was conducted addressing two questions: (1) What mental health support interventions have been reported in recent pandemics, and have they been effective in improving the mental health and well-being of HCWs? (2) Have any mobile apps been designed and implemented to support HCWs’ mental health and well-being during pandemics?

Design

A narrative evidence synthesis was conducted using Cochrane criteria for synthesising and presenting findings when systematic review and pooling data for statistical analysis are not suitable due to the heterogeneity of the studies.

Data sources

Evidence summary resources, bibliographic databases, grey literature sources, clinical trial registries and protocol registries were searched.

Eligibility criteria

Subject heading terms and keywords covering three key concepts were searched: SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (or similar infectious diseases) epidemics, health workforce and mental health support interventions. Searches were limited to English-language items published from 1 January 2000 to 14 June 2022. No publication-type limit was used.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two authors determined eligibility and extracted data from identified manuscripts. Data was synthesised into tables and refined by coauthors.

Results

2694 studies were identified and 27 papers were included. Interventions were directed at individuals and/or organisations and most were COVID-19 focused. Interventions had some positive impacts on HCW’s mental health and well-being, but variable study quality, low sample sizes and lack of control conditions were limitations. Two mobile apps were identified with mixed outcomes.

Conclusion

HCW interventions were rapidly designed and implemented with few comprehensively described or evaluated. Tailored interventions that respond to HCWs’ needs using experience co-design for mental health and well-being are required with process and outcome evaluation.
Discrete choice experiment to investigate preferences for psychological intervention in cardiac rehabilitation
Authors: Shields Gemma E , Wells Adrian , Wright Stuart , Vass Caroline M , Doherty Patrick Joseph , Capobianco Lora , Davies Linda M
Published: November 2022

Objective

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is offered to people who recently experienced a cardiac event, and often comprises of exercise, education and psychological care. This stated preference study aimed to investigate preferences for attributes of a psychological therapy intervention in CR.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment (DCE) was conducted and recruited a general population sample and a trial sample. DCE attributes included the modality (group or individual), healthcare professional providing care, information provided prior to therapy, location and the cost to the National Health Service (NHS). Participants were asked to choose between two hypothetical designs of therapy, with a separate opt-out included. A mixed logit model was used to analyse preferences. Cost to the NHS was used to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) for aspects of the intervention design.

Results

Three hundred and four participants completed the DCE (general public sample (n=262, mean age 47, 48% female) and trial sample (n=42, mean age 66, 45% female)). A preference for receiving psychological therapy was demonstrated by both samples (general population WTP £1081; 95% CI £957 to £1206). The general population appeared to favour individual therapy (WTP £213; 95% CI £160 to £266), delivered by a CR professional (WTP £48; 9% % CI £4 to £93) and with a lower cost (β=−0.002; p<0.001). Participants preferred to avoid options where no information was received prior to starting therapy (WTP −£106; 95% CI −£153 to −£59). Results for the location attribute were variable and challenging to interpret.

Conclusions

The study demonstrates a preference for psychological therapy as part of a programme of CR, as participants were more likely to opt-in to therapy. Results indicate that some aspects of the delivery which may be important to participants can be tailored to design a psychological therapy. Preference heterogeneity is an issue which may prevent a ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to psychological therapy in CR.
Longitudinal transkingdom gut microbial approach towards decompensation in outpatients with cirrhosis
Authors: Bajaj Jasmohan S , Peña-Rodriguez Marcela , La Reau Alex , Phillips Wendy , Fuchs Michael , Davis Brian C , Sterling Richard K , Sikaroodi Masoumeh , Fagan Andrew , Shamsaddini Amirhossein , Henseler Zachariah , Ward Tonya , Puri Puneet , Lee Hannah , Gillevet Patrick M
Published: November 2022

Objective

First decompensation development is a critical milestone that needs to be predicted. Transkingdom gut microbial interactions, including archaeal methanogens, may be important targets and predictors but a longitudinal approach is needed.

Design

Cirrhosis outpatients who provided stool twice were included. Group 1: compensated, group 2: 1 decompensation (decomp), group 3: >1 decompensationwere followed and divided into those who remained stable or decompensated. Bacteria, viral and archaeal presence, α/β diversity and taxa changes over time adjusted for clinical variables were analysed. Correlation networks between kingdoms were analysed.

Results

157 outpatients (72 group 1, 33 group 2 and 52 group 3) were followed and 28%–47% developed outcomes. Baseline between those who remained stable/developed outcome: While no α/β diversity differences were seen, commensals were lower and pathobionts were higher in those who decompensated. After decompensation: those experiencing their first decompensation showed greater decrease in α/β-diversity, bacterial change (↑Lactobacillusspp,Streptococcus parasanguinisand ↓beneficial LachnospiraceaeandEubacterium hallii) and viral change (↑Siphoviridae, ↓ Myoviridae) versus those with further decompensation. Archaea: 19% hadMethanobacter brevii, which wassimilar between/within groups. Correlation networks: Baseline archaeal-viral-bacterial networks were denser and more homogeneous in those who decompensated versus the rest. Archaea-bacterial correlations collapsed post first decompensation.Lactobacillusphage Lc Nu and C2-like viruses were negatively linked with beneficial bacteria.

Conclusion

In this longitudinal study of cirrhosis outpatients, the greatest transkingdom gut microbial changes were seen in those reaching the first decompensation, compared with subsequent decompensating events. A transkingdom approach may refine prediction and provide therapeutic targets to prevent cirrhosis progression.
Changes in platelet function and coagulation after transcatheter aortic valve implantation evaluated with thromboelastography
Authors: Harada Mae , Sajima Takeyuki , Onimaru Taichi , Honjo Takahiro , Hioki Hirofumi , Watanabe Yusuke , Sawamura Shigehito
Published: November 2022

Introduction

The possibility of hypercoagulability during the perioperative period of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been noted; however, there is still a controversy regarding the appropriate perioperative antithrombotic therapy. The study investigated coagulation and platelet functions during the TAVI perioperative period using thromboelastography (TEG) 6s platelet mapping.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted on 25 patients undergoing TAVI. TEG platelet mapping was performed at three time points: on admission to the operating room (before heparinisation), on postoperative day (POD) 1 and on POD 3. Perioperative changes observed included: maximum clot strength (MAHKH), clot strength without platelet function (MAActF), time to initiation of clots formation by coagulation factors (RHKH) and platelet function (Gp). Gpis activated by thrombin, and not affected by antiplatelet agents. It is calculated as [(5000×MAHKH)/(100 – MAHKH)] − [(5000×MAActF)/(100 – MAActF)]. Finally, MAADP/AAand GADP/AA, which reflect clot strength and platelet aggregation mediated by ADP/thromboxane A2receptors, respectively, were also examined using the same method as for Gp.

Results

MAHKHcontinued to decrease until POD 3, indicating antithrombotic change after TAVI. Gpcontinuously decreased for 3 days after TAVI, while MAActFincreased significantly on POD 3. Furthermore, RHKHshortened on POD 1 and POD 3, suggesting increased coagulation capacity after TAVI. Finally, GADPin clopidogrel-naive patients was reduced for 3 days after TAVI, while GAAin aspirin-naive patients showed no significant change perioperatively.

Conclusions

In this study involving TEG platelet mapping, coagulation capacity increased while platelet function decreased, resulting in antithrombotic change for 3 days after TAVI. The ADP receptor system may be implicated in the decreased platelet function. These results may be useful for considering optimal perioperative antithrombotic therapy in TAVI.
CPT-even electrodynamics in a multidimensional torus: Casimir effect at finite temperature
Authors: Moreira R. P. M. , Petronilo G. X. A. , Santana A. E. , Amorim R. G. G. , Belich H.
Published: November 2022

The energy–momentum tensor for the electromagnetism with Lorentz breaking even term of the Standard Model Extended (SME) photon sector confined in a hyper torus is determined. A generalized partition function method is used, following in parallel the thermofield dynamics formalism written in N-dimensional toroidal manifold. After considering general aspects of the SME photon sector in a toroidal manifold, the influence of the isotropic CPT-even electromagnetic sector of the SME is analysed. The approach is then applied to the Casimir effect at finite temperature, corresponding to a topology $$(S^{1})^{r}\times R^{N-r}$$

(

S
1

)

r

×

R

N
-
r

, where N is the dimension of the Minkowski space-time, and r is the number of compactified dimensions.influence of the isotropic CPT-even electromagnetic sector of the SME is analysed.