bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-medical prescribing in nursing: the history and evolution of independent and supplementary prescribing
Authors: Dunn Joanne , Pryor Claire
Published: November 2023

Non-medical prescribing has been shown to be beneficial to both service users and practitioners spanning all care sectors. Nurse prescribing has developed significantly in its short existence, and is set to continue to push the boundaries of practice as the role and education of nurses changes and adapts to current population healthcare needs. This article details the origins and evolution of non-medical prescribing, the variety of annotations found on the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) register involved and how these affect nursing practice, as well as the expansion of roles. It also discusses supervision and assessment requirements in line with the NMC standards for prescribing programmes, and the Royal Pharmaceutical Society competence framework.
Tenosynovial giant cell tumours: experience at an Australian tertiary referral centre for musculoskeletal tumours with minimum two-year follow-up
Authors: Kim Raymond G. , Maher Anthony W. , Karunaratne Sascha , Stalley Paul D. , Boyle Richard A.
Published: November 2023

Aims

Tenosynovial giant cell tumour (TGCT) is a rare benign tumour of the musculoskeletal system. Surgical management is fraught with challenges due to high recurrence rates. The aim of this study was to describe surgical treatment and evaluate surgical outcomes of TGCT at an Australian tertiary referral centre for musculoskeletal tumours and to identify factors affecting recurrence rates.

Methods

A prospective database of all patients with TGCT surgically managed by two orthopaedic oncology surgeons was reviewed. All cases irrespective of previous treatment were included and patients without follow-up were excluded. Pertinent tumour characteristics and surgical outcomes were collected for analysis.

Results

There were 111 total cases included in the study; 71 (64%) were female, the mean age was 36 years (SD 13.6), and the knee (n = 64; 57.7%) was the most commonly affected joint. In all, 60 patients (54.1%) had diffuse-type (D-TGCT) disease, and 94 patients (84.7%) presented therapy-naïve as "primary cases" (PC). The overall recurrence rate was 46.8% for TGCT. There was a statistically significant difference in recurrence rates between D-TGCT and localized disease (75.0% vs 13.7%, relative risk (RR) 3.40, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.17 to 5.34; p < 0.001), and for those who were referred in the ”revision cases” (RC) group compared to the PC group (82.4% vs 48.9%, RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.28; p = 0.011). Age, sex, tumour volume, and mean duration of symptoms were not associated with recurrence (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Recurrence rates remain high even at a tertiary referral hospital. Highest rates are seen in D-TGCT and “revision cases”. Due to the risks of recurrence, the complexity of surgery, and the need for adjuvant therapy, this paper further supports the management of TGCT in a tertiary referral multi-disciplinary orthopaedic oncology service.

Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2023;4(11):846–852.
Single Banana Appearance Grading with Ppyolo-Banana
Authors: Mao DianHui , Zhang DengHui , Wang XueSen , Lv DongDong , Wu JianWei , Chen JunHua
Published: November 2023

Highlights

An inspection method for grading the appearance of bananas using a target detection algorithm is proposed—by calculating the number and area ratio of different defective areas as a discriminating criterion.

The Mish activation function makes the network easier to optimize and improves generalization performance.

CustomPAN adds an attention mechanism, optimized for better multi-feature fusion.

Optimized loss function in regression task with DIoULoss.

Abstract. With the development of the fruit individual packaging industry, the appearance quality of individually packaged fruits has put forward higher requirements. Due to the dense and uneven defects on the surface of bananas, the existing detection algorithms are prone to the problem of unrecognizable or degraded recognition accuracy. In this article, we propose an efficient banana surface defect detection model, the PPYOLO-Banana model. PPYOLO-Banana is based on the PPYOLOE+-m model with improved model structure and loss function, and the optimized CustomPAN can get more multi-level features, and compared with the original network PPYOLOE+-m model, the algorithm significantly improves the accuracy, with an average accuracy improvement of 2.2% (1.3% for the original image test set). mAP of PPYOLO-Banana is 97.0% (96.1% for the original image test set), which is 14.3% higher than the PPYOLOE model, and 10.9%, 8.9%, 8.9%, and 8.1% higher than the YOLOX, YOLOX-tiny, YOLOv5, and YOLOV4 models, respectively. The detection speed of the PPYOLO-Banana model is 17.71 frames per second, which is 2.95, 2.10, 1.90, and 0.98 times higher than that of YOLOv3, YOLOv4, YOLOX, and YOLOX-tiny, respectively. The results show that the proposed PPYOLO-Banana model achieves a balance between accuracy and speed in recognizing banana surface defects, improves the quality detection capability of individually packed fruits, it can effectively grade the quality of banana appearance, and has good potential to become an intelligent sorting machine. Keywords: Banana defect recognition, Banana appearance grading, CustomPAN, DIoULoss, PPYOLOE+.
Development of a Radio-Frequency Technology for the Decontamination of Salmonella from Timothy Hay
Authors: Smith Deandrae , Wason Surabhi , Bruce Rebecca , Atungulu Griffiths
Published: November 2023

Highlights

After inoculation with the Salmonella spp. cocktail and E. faecium, timothy hay samples had an initial microbial load of 7.81 and 7.75 log CFU/g, respectively.

After RF treatments of 165, 175, 185, and 195 s, Salmonella spp. loads were reduced to 5.80 (SD ± 0.24), 4.00 (SD ± 0.27), 1.42 (SD ± 2.01) log CFU/g with complete decontamination at 195 s.

At 165 and 175 s of RF treatments, the E. faecium loads were reduced to 7.50 (SD ± 0.14) and 6.39 (SD ± 0.31) log CFU/g with complete decontamination at 185 and 195 s.

There were no statistically significant changes in the iron, vitamin A, or amino acid responses; sodium levels increased, and potassium and calcium levels decreased due to increasing RF treatment duration.

Abstract. The objectives of this research were: 1) to investigate the efficacy of RF heating on the decontamination of Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 in timothy hay; 2) to evaluate the suitability of E. faecium as a surrogate of Salmonella in timothy hay during RF treatment; 3) to assess the physicochemical changes after RF treatment on vitamins, amino acids, fatty acids, and trace minerals in the timothy hay. A pilot-scale parallel-plate RF heating system (6 kW, 27.12 MHz) was used to conduct this study. The electrode gap in the RF system was adjusted to 205 mm. Timothy hay was procured from a pet food manufacturing plant in Lincoln, Nebraska, at an initial moisture content (MC) of 7% to 9% (wet basis). Timothy hay samples (150 g) were inoculated with either a cocktail containing five serotypes of Salmonella enterica [Salmonella Agona (447967), Salmonella Mbandaka (698538), Salmonella Montevideo (488275), Salmonella Tennessee (K4643), and Salmonella Reading (Moff 180418)] or a broth of Enterococcus faecium then incubated at 37°C for 24 ± 2 h. Timothy hay samples were exposed to RF energy for 165, 175, 185, and 195 s. It was determined that after inoculation with the Salmonella cocktail and E. faecium, timothy hay samples had an initial microbial load of 7.81 and 7.75 log CFU/g, respectively. After RF treatments of 165, 175, 185, and 195 s, Salmonella loads (mean ± SD log CFU/g) were reduced to 5.80 ± 0.24, 4.00 ± 0.27, 1.42 ± 2.01 log CFU/g and below the level of detection, respectively. At 165 and 175 s of RF treatments, the E. faecium loads (mean ± SD log CFU/g) were reduced to 7.50 ± 0.14 and 6.39 ± 0.31 log CFU/g and below the detection level at 185 and 195 s. There was complete decontamination at 185 and 195 s. There were no statistically significant changes in the iron, vitamin A, or amino acid responses because of increasing RF treatment duration. The study demonstrated a non-chemical approach to decontaminating Salmonella and Enterococcus faecium from low-moisture foods such as pet foods. Keywords: Decontamination, Enterococcus faecium, Low moisture, Pet food, Radio-frequency, Salmonella, Timothy hay.
Testing Barley Samples for Potential Insect Infestations with a Conductance Mill
Authors: Brabec Daniel L. , Grothe Sophia , Athanassiou Christos
Published: November 2023

Highlights

The conductance mill successfully detected seeds infested with large larvae, over 80% in barley and wheat.

Barley seeds, infested with medium larvae, were detected at a lower rate than wheat; ~40% for barley vs. ~65% for wheat.

The feed-rate of barley samples was slower than the wheat and the resulting ground barley material contained higher fractions of large particles, over #20 mesh sieve.

Abstract. A laboratory mill was developed by Pearson and Brabec (2007) which typically detects 50% to 80% of infested kernels of wheat, brown rice, or popcorn. Barley is another cereal grain of similar size as wheat. Barley is normally sold with its hull attached to the seed, which makes detection of insect infestations more difficult. The objective of this study was to determine the potential of using the conductance mill to detect barley kernels infested by the lesser grain borer, Rhyzopertha dominica (F.), in comparison to detection in wheat. As in previous studies, these experiments found that the conductance mill could detect infested kernels of wheat containing large and medium larvae at a rate of ~90% and ~65%, respectively. For barley, the detection of infested kernels was over ~80% for large larvae and ~40% for medium larvae. Also, we showed that adults that were freely moving throughout the grain mass could also be detected. Approximately ~65% of the adults were detected in wheat while that percentage was reduced to ~35% in barley. The hull on the barley seems to function as an insulator during the conductance measurement and thus reduces detections. Also, the hull seems to affect the feed rate of material through the mill. The feed-rate for wheat was 500 g in 50 s, while the feed-rate for barley was 500 g in ~80 s. Despite these pitfalls, the conductance mill could still be considered as a useful tool with inspecting barley sample, because there was significant detection of insects in the samples and 1000 g sample of barley could be processed in ~4 min. Keywords: Barley, Detection, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sampling, Wheat, X-ray.
Efektifitas Nannochloropsis sp. terhadap sistem imun non-spesifik ikan mas Cyprinus carpio yang diinfeksi Virus Herpes
Authors: Lamadi Arafik
Published: November 2023

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of Nannochlorpsisis sp. against the common carp (Cyprinus carpio) leukocyte profile, infected with Koi Hepesvirus (KHV). The  descriptive observational method wa used in this study. This research was conducted for 4 weeks, using common carp length 12±0,3 cm as many as 7 fish. The tested experiment was P1: without infested by Nannochlorpsisis sp. and KH; P2: Infested by  Nannochlorpsisis sp. and without KHV infected; P3: Infected by Nannochloropsis sp. and KHV; P4;  Not infected by Nannochlorpsisis sp. and  infected by KHV. Evey tratment in three replications. The results showed that the highest total leukocyte was obtained in P3 (37.600 cells/ml), followed by  P4 (29.650 cells / ml), P2 (28,500 cells / ml) and P1 (21,150 cells / ml). Leukocyte differentiation test on P1 (neutrophil 6.2%, lymphocyte 68.0%, monocyte 17.0%), P2 (neutrophil 6.6%, lymphocyte 72.3%, monocyte 18.3%), P3 (neutrophil 7.9%, lymphocyte 66.1%, monocytes 24.3%), P4 (neutrophils 11.2%, lymphocytes 57.6%, monocytes 37.6%). The higher survivla rate was recorded in P2 (100%). It is concluded that  Nannochloropsis sp. can enhance the common carp immune sytem.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Nannochlorpsis sp. terhadap profil leukosit ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) yang terinfeksi Koi Herves Virus (KHV). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif observasional dengan membandingkan hasil pada perlakuan 1) P1: (tanpa pemberian Nannochlorpsis sp. dan tidak diinfeksi KHV), 2) P2 (diberikan Nannochlorpsis sp dan tanpa diinfeksi KHV), 3) P3 (diberikan Nannochlorpsisis sp dan diinfeksi KHV), 4) P4 (tanpa pemberian Nannochlorpsis sp. dan diinfeksi KHV), masing-masing perlakukan 3 kali ulangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 4 minggu dengan menggunakan Ikan mas berukuran 12±0,3  cm sebanyak 120 ekor. Hasil perhitungan total leukosit tertinggi diperoleh pada P3 (37.600 sel/ml), selanjutnya berturut-turut  P4 (29.650  sel/ml), P2 (28.500 sel/ml) dan P1 (21.150 sel/ml). Hasil uji diferesnsiasi leukosit pada P1 (neutrofil 6.2%, limfosit 68.0%, monosit 17.0%), P2 (neutrofil 6.6%, limfosit 72.3%, monosit 18.3%), P3 (neutrofil 7.9%, limfosit 66.1%, monosit 24.3%), P4 (neutrofil 11.2%, limfosit 57.6%, monosit 37.6%). Kelangsungan hiudp tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan P2 (100%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Nannochloropsis sp. dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kekebalan tubuh ikan mas.
Performa pertumbuhan post-larva ikan jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii) pada berbagai kombinasi pakan alami dan buatan
Authors: Sunarno Mas T. D. , Syamsunarno Mas Bayu
Published: November 2023

The study proposed to evaluate growth performance of post-larvae of jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii) fed on varius combination of natural food and artificial feed. Completely randomized design was assigned in this study. The treatments were various combinations of life feed of Moina sp. and artificial diet at a respective rates of 100:0%, 75:25%, 50:50%, 25:75% and 0:100%. The larvae of 20 days in age and 0.0287±0.0012 g  in weight was randomly stocked in 15 buckets at a stocking rate of five larvae per liter or 50 larvae  per bucket and fed on test diet at a feeding rate of 5% per body weight per day, divided in feeding frequency of five times for 45 days of rearing period. The results indicated that 20 days old of larvae jelawat fed on combinations of Moina sp. and artificial diet at 50:50 performed higher survival as well as growth.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengevaluasi performa pertumbuhan post larvae jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii) pada berbagai kombinasi pakan alami dan pakan buatan. Rancangan Acak Lengkap digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Perlakuannya adalah berbagai kombinasi pakan alami Moina sp. dan pakan buatan, masing-masing yaitu 100:0%, 75:25%, 50:50%, 25:75% and 0:100%. Larva ikan jelawat umur 20 hari dengan bobot rata-rata 0,0287±0,0012 g ditebar secara acak ke dalam 15 buah ember dengan kepadatan 5 ekor per liter atau 50 ekor per wadah dan diberi pakan uji sebanyak 5% dari bobot tubuh per hari yang dibagi dalam lima kali pemberian selama 45 hari masa pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larva ikan jelawat umur 20 hari mempunyai kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan lebih baik dengan pemberian kombinasi pakan alami Moina sp.. dan pakan buatan sebesar 50% : 50%.
An unbalancing act: gender and parental division in childcare in South Africa
Authors: Hatch Michelle
Published: November 2023

The South African Children’s Act, 2005 defines ‘care’ to include safeguarding all aspects of a child’s wellbeing. Despite this obligation falling equally on both parents, studies have shown that mothers in South Africa continue to take greater responsibility for childcare than fathers. Using the most recently available nationally representative quantitative data on physical and financial childcare, collected for the National Income Dynamics Study, this article presents a detailed overview of the involvement in childcare of men compared with women, and fathers compared with mothers. The article includes examining the gender and parental division in assistant childcare, investigating the role played by absent parents in regular physical and financial care, and analysing the gender division in household income of households in which children live.
Learning to plan for CLIL with the Reading to Learn approach. An experience in initial teacher training.
Authors: Ahern Aoife
Published: November 2023

This article describes an innovational educational experience in initial teacher training for multilingual literacy, specifically within a Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) approach. The experience was developed in response to the training needs of teachers in Madrid, Spain, a region where more than half of the primary schools are bilingual, with CLIL programmes, and where initial teacher education curricula devote few credits to language education and to CLIL. It is proposed that by working with the Reading to Learn (R2L) model, the preparation of student teachers to plan for bilingual literacy can be enhanced as they learn to provide scaffolding for developing reading comprehension and writing in academic school genres. A preliminary analysis of student teachers’ work suggests that results of the innovation led to the successful application of R2L in the development of teaching plans that fulfil the CLIL core principles and experts’ recommendations. Finally, some reflections are outlined concerning the relevance of these results for the current and future needs of primary school teachers in bi- and multilingual contexts
Ingeniería Didáctica para la enseñanza de las secuencias de Padovan y Perrin con el software GeoGebra
Authors: Souza Rodrigues Pinheiro Carla Patrícia , Alves Francisco Régis Vieira , Menezes Daniel Brandão
Published: November 2023

Las secuencias de Padovan y Perrin tienen particularidades intrigantes en sus definiciones. Sin embargo, la investigación muestra que en la literatura de Historia de las Matemáticas existe un número escaso de trabajos que aborden estas secuencias, así como una ausencia parcial o total de su discusión en las carreras de pregrado en Matemáticas. Así, este trabajo es un extracto de una tesis de maestría, cuyo objetivo fue desarrollar las secuencias de Padovan y Perrin en dos prácticas de enseñanza apoyadas en el software GeoGebra y guiadas por la Teoría de Situaciones Didácticas. La metodología de investigación escogida para este estudio fue la Ingeniería Didáctica, apoyada en la Teoría de las Situaciones Didácticas, que sirve para organizar las sesiones de enseñanza, ayudando a estructurar la experimentación de esta Ingeniería, en la que analizamos el comportamiento de los estudiantes de pregrado en Matemáticas durante su proceso de aprendizaje. Como resultado, observamos que este tipo de situación didáctica permite un mejor acercamiento a la unión entre álgebra y geometría, permitiendo la posibilidad de construir conceptos a través de la observación de cada secuencia.
Reading to Learn: Powerful pedagogy for disciplinary teaching in a high-stakes examination curriculum
Authors: Acevedo Claire
Published: November 2023

The qualitative study presented here shows how a secondary school history teacher in the United Kingdom transformed her lesson planning and classroom interactions with students following professional development in the genre-based Reading to Learn pedagogy grounded in Systemic Functional Linguistics. The teacher undertook Reading to Learn while teaching a history class preparing for the General Certificate of Secondary Education. The professional development enabled her to analyse the genres and linguistic features of history texts in order to support the development of subject knowledge via the implementation of the teaching strategies designed to support student reading and writing of the texts required by the examination curriculum. The study reporting on the teacher planning and classroom practices includes examples of teacher-student interaction that demonstrate how the teacher was able to approach her disciplinary texts through the lens of genre, thus identifying the existing gap between the reading of informative genres in textbooks and the requirement to write in less familiar evaluative genres in exams. Moreover, the careful planning of strategies to support reading and the annotation of texts, had a positive impact on the joint construction of the less familiar argumentative genre required.
CHILEAN WOMEN IN DOCUMENTARIES ABOUT THE PINOCHET DICTATORSHIP
Authors: BARROSO PEÑA GONZALO
Published: November 2023

En este artículo se analiza la representación de las mujeres en películas documentales que relatan la dictadura de Pinochet. Se han analizado más de trescientas películas realizadas entre 1973 y 2019 para configurar un retrato fílmico de la mujer chilena. Para ello hemos considerado su papel social, cultural y político durante el régimen militar, para así evaluar cómo los personajes y testimonios han cambiado a lo largo de los años, lo que significa que la representación histórica en documentales y la memoria filmica son volátiles, acorde al momento en que son rodadas las películas. Como una poderosa fuerza cambio, las mujeres han tenido una función esencial en la Historia Contemporánea, por lo que un estudio cinematográfico de ellas durante la dictadura en Chile entre 1973 y 1990 es crucial para entender su trascendencia histórica.
EL CINE DE JORGE SEMPRÚN COMO MEDIO DE APROXIMACIÓN A LOS CONFLICTOS POLÍTICOS EUROPEOS DEL SIGLO XX
Authors: MILLÁN AGUILAR ADOLFO
Published: November 2023

El intelectual y político Jorge Semprún (1923-2011) escribió los guiones de una serie de películas del género político durante el segundo tercio del siglo XX. A través de este trabajo se pretende demostrar la utilidad de dichas obras para abordar el estudio de los conflictos políticos en la Europa de citado siglo. Para ello se analiza su contenido y su relación con su contexto histórico abordado.
LA NARRATIVA ESTADOUNIDENSE DE GUERRA FRÍA EN EL CINE DE FICCIÓN (1947-1991)
Authors: MOTA ZURDO DAVID
Published: November 2023

Este artículo recoge el análisis de 35 películas estadounidenses producidas durante la Guerra Fría que han sido utilizadas para identificar los cambios, inmutabilidades y sinergias de la industria cinematográfica de Hollywood. Aun habiendo cierta heterogeneidad de enfoques, el examen de las cintas permite concluir que la evolución de la industria del celuloide estadounidense entre las décadas de 1940 y 1980 no sufrió grandes alteraciones de discurso y se mantuvo invariable en tres pilares narrativo(s), presentes desde las primeras producciones de Guerra Fría: la imagen de superioridad estadounidense, el enemigo comunista interno y externo, y el miedo a un holocausto nuclear. Tres elementos que constatan la utilización del cine como instrumento de guerra psicológica, configurador de estereotipos y constructor de amenazas en torno a la incidencia del comunismo sobre la sociedad norteamericana.
EL OTRO LADO DE LA MONTAÑA: LA GUERRA DE AFGANISTÁN (1979-1989) VISTA DESDE LA PERSPECTIVA SOVIÉTICA / RUSA
Authors: LÓPEZ DE MIGUEL MARIANO
Published: November 2023

La invasión soviética de Afganistán (1979-1989) fue uno de los conflictos más conocidos de la fase final de la Guerra Fría. Igualmente la maquinaria propagandística del cine de Hollywood, trató dicha guerra a través de filmes claramente de propaganda anti comunista (Rambo III, Red Scorpion), neutrales (La Guerra de Charlie Wilson) o centrados en el caos de los refugiados y los efectos de la guerra (La Bestia de la Guerra). Pero, poco se estudió la temática desde la otra óptica, aquella que se desarrolló desde la esfera del Kremlin. Este texto, intentará dar luz acerca de unas películas que más de tres décadas tras el repliegue soviético, aún no traspasaron la frontera del antiguo “Telón de acero”.
COKE CANS, THE OSBORNE BULL AND SPANISHNESS: SPACE AND THE MALE BODY IN JAMÓN, JAMÓN (BIGAS LUNA, 1992)
Authors: SÁNCHEZ GUMIEL MARIO
Published: November 2023

Este artículo analiza el filme de Bigas Luna Jamón, jamón como un texto que aborda el tema de la Hispanidad como cuestión estética y como exploración de la modernidad. El artículo explora el uso del cuerpo de los tres personajes masculinos: José Luis (prototipo del hombre globalizado), Raúl (prototipo del macho ibérico) y Manuel, quien representa la idea de Europa, y cómo Luna explora la confrontación de estos cuerpos como una metáfora de la históricamente asumida resistencia de España hacia la modernidad, convirtiendo el filme en una renegociación de la idea de Hispanidad ante la emergente economía neoliberal de los primeros años de los 90.
EL ESPEJISMO DE LA IDENTIDAD: LAWRENCE DE ARABIA
Authors: CAÑAS PELAYO MARCOS RAFAEL
Published: November 2023

En la retrospectiva de su sexagésimo aniversario, Lawrence de Arabia (1962) mantiene su estatus como obra de culto. Junto a su condición de epopeya, el largometraje escapa a cualquier corsé del género por mostrar a un personaje tan enigmático como Thomas Edward Lawrence, figura capital en las guerras del desierto (1916-18). Con licencias históricas, la película de David Lean supo captar la esencia y controversias que orbitaron alrededor del protagonista encarnado por Peter O’Toole.
SSIFF 71. FESTIVAL INTERNACIONAL DE CINE DE SAN SEBASTIÁN 2023
Authors: RUBIO POBES CORO
Published: November 2023

Este artículo realiza una crónica y reseña crítica de la 71 edición del Festival Internacional de Cine de San Sebastián (SSIFF) celebrada entre el 22 y el 30 de septiembre de 2023, en la que ha obtenido la Concha de Oro la película de la directora donostiarra Jaione Camborda O corno. El artículo se centra en su Sección Oficial, si bien recoge también referencias a filmes premiados en otros festivales y presentados en la sección Perlak que tienen especial interés historiográfico.
El Triunfo de la Muerte y el Juicio Divino. Reflexiones sobre causalidades epidémicas y lindes sensoriales del Gótico
Authors: Alcoy i Pedrós Rosa
Published: November 2023

En este artículo se plantea un enlace específico entre los escenarios del Triunfo de la Muerte, definido como tema con aureola propia, y los espacios contenedores del Juicio divino, comprendido sobre todo el Juicio Final. Ambos se describen como dos estructuras temáticas alternativas e indivisas, con sentido por sí mismas que, sin embargo, una vez desplegadas con toda su fuerza singular en el laberinto de lo visible, desvelan continuidades muy fuertes que no solo se justifican en función de unos aspectos temáticos compartidos. Ello nos envuelve en la reflexión sobre los lindes de lo visivo, sobre los valores que conmueven sus fronteras sensoriales y ejercen presión sobre las formas de captación del discurso narrado. Accedemos a unos marcos privativos que, diseñados dentro del período Gótico en Italia, sirven para separar sin desunir temáticas específicas, que se fundamentan sobre bases equiparables o enlazadas.
El peso de las pandemias, interiorizado en el ejercicio creativo contemporáneo o posterior a estos procesos críticos para la población, ancorado como problema esencial en los tiempos medievales, es otro gran argumento a investigar. Nos interesan la cara y la cruz de ambos supuestos y no prejuzgar ciertas conductas en función de presentimientos o prefiguraciones que puedan llevarnos a poner el carro delante de los bueyes. La complejidad de la dialéctica entre el arte y la peste es indudable y el objetivo va a ser evidenciarla a partir de una selección de obras que más que ser los ejemplos que iluminan las teorías defendidas, son el origen del problema y de las tesis que se formulan y se pretenden discutir.
Francesc Miralpeix Vilamala, El grand Tour de Josep Anton de Cabanyes i Ballester (1797-1852). Viatges i afició col·leccionista a la llum d'Europa, Barcelona, Publicacions i Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2022
Authors: Creixell Cabeza Rosa M.
Published: November 2023

Ressenya del llibre: Francesc Miralpeix Vilamala, El grand Tour de Josep Anton de Cabanyes i Ballester (1797-1852). Viatges i afició col·leccionista a la llum d'Europa, Barcelona, Publicacions i Edicions de la Universitat de Barcelona, 2022.
Paloma Ortiz-de-Urbina (ed.), German Expressionism in the Audiovisual Culture. Myths, Fantasy, Horror, and Science Fiction / Der deutsche Expressionismus in den Audiovisuellen Medien. Mythen, Fantasy, Horror und Science-Fiction, Tübingen, Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, 2022
Authors: Gómez Pato Rosa Marta
Published: November 2023

Ressenya del llibre: Paloma Ortiz-de-Urbina (ed.), German Expressionism in the Audiovisual Culture. Myths, Fantasy, Horror, and Science Fiction / Der deutsche Expressionismus in den Audiovisuellen Medien. Mythen, Fantasy, Horror und Science-Fiction, Tübingen, Narr Francke Attempto Verlag, 2022.
TRANSPORTE DE PASAJEROS EN EL PUENTE AÉREO SANTOS DUMONT–CONGONHAS
Authors: Camilo Pereira Ana Paula , Luquez Juliana , Cavalcanti Bartholomeu Matheus
Published: November 2023

La circulación territorial es una base de diferenciación geográfica y se materializa por el interés corporativo and por la disputa de los territorios que poseen más grande potencial de generación de tráfico. La circulación es elemento constituyente y dinamizador de la mega-región Rio de Janeiro–São Paulo y, con respecto a las nociones de centro y centralidad, se percibe la relevancia del flujo de pasajeros entre los aeropuertos Santos Dumont (Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil) y Congonhas (São Paulo, SP, Brasil), formando un puente aéreo caracterizado como importante eje conectivo de enlaces rápidos y constantes en esa mega-región. La representatividad de esa ruta en la red aérea brasileña se configura por el expresivo potencial de tráfico y por la lógica de los procesos globales en la organización de la (re) producción del capital, que permiten una evolución de la demanda efectiva, pero sobre todo porque tal mega-región concentra tanto la oferta y la demanda de flujos cuanto la operacionalización de las compañías aéreas, mallas de vuelos y conexiones/escalas en los principales nodos de esa red.
SOBRE EL DERECHO A LA MOVILIDAD URBANA EN CONTEXTOS DE VULNERABILIDAD: EL CASO DE LOS BARRIOS PERIFÉRICOS DE LA CIUDAD DE MÉXICO
Authors: Perez Lopez Ruth
Published: November 2023

Desde el año 2014, la legislación mexicana ha incorporado paulatinamente el concepto de derecho a la movilidad en varios textos normativos, reconociendo la necesidad de garantizar el acceso a la ciudad a los sectores más vulnerables de la población. A pesar de esta voluntad política, los habitantes de los barrios periféricos de la Ciudad de México permanecen en una situación de gran desventaja y vulnerabilidad, obligados a enfrentarse a un entorno urbano altamente hostil. A partir de una investigación empírica de corte cualitativo en diferentes colonias periféricas de la capital mexicana, el presente artículo analiza los factores de carácter endógeno y exógeno que limitan el derecho a la movilidad de estas poblaciones. Los resultados sugieren que, a pesar del desarrollo de estrategias que les ayudan a contrarrestar las dificultades que se presentan en su movilidad cotidiana, estas estrategias no permiten disminuir las desigualdades de acceso a la ciudad.
Multi-Point FLEET Velocimetry in a Mach 4 Ludwieg Tube using a Diffractive Optical Element
Authors: Siddiqui Farhan , Gragston Mark
Published: November 2023

A diffractive optical element was paired with femtosecond laser electronic excitation tagging (FLEET) velocimetry and used to probe multiple locations in a high-speed wind tunnel. Two configurations were explored, one that uses the traditional method of viewing from a perspective orthogonal to the beam axis and another that uses a perspective parallel to the beam axis. In the latter, the FLEET emissions are viewed as points which can allow for FLEET measurements in a wall normal fashion without the laser needing to impinge upon the surface. The configurations are demonstrated in a Mach 4 Ludwieg tube, highlighting their utility in high-speed flow measurements.
Modeling cell populations metabolism and competition under maximum power constraints
Authors: Conte Luigi , Gonella Francesco , Giansanti Andrea , Kleidon Axel , Romano Alessandra
Published: November 2023

Ecological interactions are fundamental at the cellular scale, addressing the possibility of a description of cellular systems that uses language and principles of ecology. In this work, we use a minimal ecological approach that encompasses growth, adaptation and survival of cell populations to model cell metabolisms and competition under energetic constraints. As a proof-of-concept, we apply this general formulation to study the dynamics of the onset of a specific blood cancer—called Multiple Myeloma. We show that a minimal model describing antagonist cell populations competing for limited resources, as regulated by microenvironmental factors and internal cellular structures, reproduces patterns of Multiple Myeloma evolution, due to the uncontrolled proliferation of cancerous plasma cells within the bone marrow. The model is characterized by a class of regime shifts to more dissipative states for selectively advantaged malignant plasma cells, reflecting a breakdown of self-regulation in the bone marrow. The transition times obtained from the simulations range from years to decades consistently with clinical observations of survival times of patients. This irreversible dynamical behavior represents a possible description of the incurable nature of myelomas based on the ecological interactions between plasma cells and the microenvironment, embedded in a larger complex system. The use of ATP equivalent energy units in defining stocks and flows is a key to constructing an ecological model which reproduces the onset of myelomas as transitions between states of a system which reflects the energetics of plasma cells. This work provides a basis to construct more complex models representing myelomas, which can be compared with model ecosystems.
A Framework for Digital Health Policy: Insights from Virtual Primary Care Systems Across Five Nations
Authors: Srivastava Divya , Van Kessel Robin , Delgrange Marine , Cherla Avi , Sood Harpreet , Mossialos Elias
Published: November 2023

Digital health technologies used in primary care, referred to as, virtual primary care, allow patients to interact with primary healthcare professionals remotely though the current iteration of virtual primary care may also come with several unintended consequences, such as accessibility barriers and cream skimming. The World Health Organization (WHO) has a well-established framework to understand the functional components of health systems. However, the existing building blocks framework does not sufficiently account for the disruptive and multi-modal impact of digital transformations. In this review, we aimed to develop the first iteration of this updated framework by reviewing the deployment of virtual primary care systems in five leading countries: Canada, Finland, Germany and Sweden and the United Kingdom (England). We found that all five countries have taken different approaches with the deployment of virtual primary care, yet seven common themes were highlighted across countries: (1) stated policy objectives, (2) regulation and governance, (3) financing and reimbursement, (4) delivery and integration, (5) workforce training and support, (6) IT systems and data sharing, and (7) the extent of patient involvement in the virtual primary care system. The conceptual framework that was derived from these findings offers a set of guiding principles that can facilitate the assessment of virtual primary care in health system settings.
Real life condition evaluation of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA antivenom effectiveness in Cameroon
Authors: Chippaux Jean-Philippe , Ntone Rodrigue , Benhammou David , Madec Yoann , Noël Gaëlle , Perilhou Anais , Karl Fai , Amta Pierre , Sanchez Marie , Matchim Lucrece , Clauteaux Pedro , Eteki Lucrèce , Ndifon Mark , Boum Yap , Nkwescheu Armand S. , Taieb Fabien
Published: November 2023

Background

Snakebites is a serious public health issue but remains a neglected tropical disease. Data on antivenom effectiveness are urgently needed in Africa. We assessed effectiveness of Inoserp PAN-AFRICA (IPA), the recommended antivenom available in Cameroon.

Methodology/Principal findings

We enrolled 447 patients presenting with snakebite in 14 health facilities across Cameroon. At presentation, cytotoxicity, coagulation troubles and neurotoxicity were graded. We administered two to four vials of antivenom to patients based on hemotoxic or neurotoxic signs. We renewed antivenom administration to patients with persistence of bleedings or neurotoxicity 2 hours after each injection. We defined early improvement as a reduction of the grade of envenomation symptoms 2 hours after first injection. Medium-term effectiveness was investigated looking at disappearance of symptoms during hospitalization. After hospital discharge, a home visit was planned to assess long-term outcomes.

Between October 2019 and May 2021, we enrolled 447 (93.7%), including 72% from the savannah regions. The median [IQR] age was 25 [14–40]. Envenomation was diagnosed in 369 (82.6%) participants. The antivenom was administered to 356 patients (96.5%) of whom 256 (71.9%) received one administration. Among these patients, cytotoxic symptoms were observed in 336 (94.4%) participants, coagulation disorders in 234 (65.7%) participants and neurotoxicity in 23 (6.5%) participants. Two hours after the first administration of antivenom, we observed a decrease in coagulation disorders or neurotoxicity in 75.2% and 39.1% of patients, respectively. Complete cessation of bleedings and neurotoxicity occurred in 96% and 93% of patients within 24 hours, respectively. Sequelae have been observed in 9 (3%) patients at the home visit 15 days after hospital admission and 11 (3%) died including one before antivenom injection.

Conclusions/Significance

We confirmed good effectiveness of the IPA and highlighted the rapid improvement in bleeding or neurotoxicity after the first administration. Sequential administrations of low doses of antivenom, rigorously assessed at short intervals for an eventual renewal, can preserve patient safety and save antivenom.

Trial registration

NCT03326492.
Clinical evaluation of the alcohol use disorders identification test (AUDIT) in Moshi, Tanzania
Authors: Vissoci Joao Ricardo Nickenig , Friedman Kaitlyn , Caruzzo Nayara Malheiros , de Oliveira Leonardo Pestillo , Pauley Alena , Zadey Siddhesh , Menegassi Vanessa , Sakita Francis , Boshe Judith , Staton Catherine A. , Mmbaga Blandina
Published: November 2023

Background

Alcohol use disorder is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Alcohol screening using a validated tool is a useful way to capture high-risk patients and engage them in early harm reduction interventions. Our objectives were to 1) evaluate the psychometric evidence the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) and its subscales in the general population of Moshi, Tanzania, and 2) evaluate the usefulness of the tool at predicting alcohol-related harms.

Methods

Two hundred and fifty-nine adults living in Moshi, Tanzania were included in the study. We used the AUDIT and its subscales to determine the classification of harmful and hazardous drinking. To analyze the internal structure of AUDIT and the model adequacy we used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The reliability of AUDIT was analyzed for Cronbach’s alpha, Omega 6 and Composite Reliability. The optimal cut off point for the AUDIT was determined by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, using the Youden approach to maximize sensitivity and specificity.

Results

The median score of the AUDIT was 1 (inter-quartile range: 0–7). The internal structure of the AUDIT showed factor loadings ranging from 0.420 to 0.873. Cronbach’s alpha, Omega and Composite Reliability produced values above 0.70. The Average Variance Extracted was 0.530. For the AUDIT, a score of 8 was identified as the ideal cut-off value in our population.

Conclusions

This study validates AUDIT in the general population of Moshi and is one of the only studies in Africa to include measures of the internal structure of the AUDIT and its subscales.
Acute inhibition of acid sensing ion channel 1a after spinal cord injury selectively affects excitatory synaptic transmission, but not intrinsic membrane properties, in deep dorsal horn interneurons
Authors: Foster Victoria S. , Saez Natalie , King Glenn F. , Rank Michelle M.
Published: November 2023

Following a spinal cord injury (SCI), secondary damage mechanisms are triggered that cause inflammation and cell death. A key component of this secondary damage is a reduction in local blood flow that initiates a well-characterised ischemic cascade. Downstream hypoxia and acidosis activate acid sensing ion channel 1a (ASIC1a) to trigger cell death. We recently showed that administration of a potent venom-derived inhibitor of ASIC1a, Hi1a, leads to tissue sparing and improved functional recovery when delivered up to 8 h after ischemic stroke. Here, we use whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in a spinal cord slice preparation to assess the effect of acute ASIC1a inhibition, via a single dose of Hi1a, on intrinsic membrane properties and excitatory synaptic transmission long-term after a spinal cord hemisection injury. We focus on a population of interneurons (INs) in the deep dorsal horn (DDH) that play a key role in relaying sensory information to downstream motoneurons. DDH INs in mice treated with Hi1a 1 h after a spinal cord hemisection showed no change in active or passive intrinsic membrane properties measured 4 weeks after SCI. DDH INs, however, exhibit significant changes in the kinetics of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents after a single dose of Hi1a, when compared to naive animals (unlike SCI mice). Our data suggest that acute ASIC1a inhibition exerts selective effects on excitatory synaptic transmission in DDH INs after SCI via specific ligand-gated receptor channels, and has no effect on other voltage-activated channels long-term after SCI.
Spatiotemporal patterns and prediction of landscape ecological security in Xishuangbanna from 1996–2030
Authors: Zhang Zhuoya , Ge Hailong , Li Xiaona , Huang Xiaoyuan , Ma Siling , Bai Qinfei
Published: November 2023

In recent years, the landscape ecological security of Xishuangbanna in southwest China has become an essential factor affecting the cross-border ecological security in South Asia and Southeast Asia. Based on the change of land use in Xishuangbanna, with the help of "3S" technology, landscape ecology theory, and gray prediction model, the spatial and developmental trends of landscape ecological security in Xishuangbanna from 1996–2030 could be determined. In more than 20 years, the woodland landscape area in Xishuangbanna decreased, and the fragmentation of construction land has increased overall. In 1996, the overall landscape ecological safety was good, with 63.5% of the total area of grade I and II. In 2003, the proportion of the grade I and grade II areas decreased, with landscape ecological security problems appearing. In 2010, the overall landscape ecological security area reached 74.5%, the largest proportion in more than 20 years. The grade V area accounted for only 9% and was mainly distributed on the border of Menghai County and central Jinghong City. In 2017, The grade IV and V areas was further increased, and the ecological security problem intensified. The prediction results showed that from 2023 to 2030, the regions of grades I and II increased, but the proportion of level V regions increased. Furthermore, the grade IV transformed to grade V rapidly, reaching its highest value in more than 20 years. From 1996 to 2030, the landscape ecological security space significantly evolved, showing an evident "east-south" trend in movement and eventually shifting to the southeast.
Risk of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) among those up-to-date and not up-to-date on COVID-19 vaccination by US CDC criteria
Authors: Shrestha Nabin K. , Burke Patrick C. , Nowacki Amy S. , Gordon Steven M.
Published: November 2023

Background

The CDC recently defined being “up-to-date” on COVID-19 vaccination as having received at least one dose of a COVID-19 bivalent vaccine. The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of COVID-19 among those “up-to-date” and “not up-to-date”.

Methods

Employees of Cleveland Clinic in Ohio, USA, in employment when the COVID-19 bivalent vaccine first became available, and still employed when the XBB lineages became dominant, were included. Cumulative incidence of COVID-19 since the XBB lineages became dominant was compared across the”up-to-date” and “not up-to-date” states, by treating COVID-19 bivalent vaccination as a time-dependent covariate whose value changed on receipt of the vaccine. Risk of COVID-19 by vaccination status was also evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for propensity to get tested for COVID-19, age, sex, most recent prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, and number of prior vaccine doses.

Results

COVID-19 occurred in 1475 (3%) of 48 344 employees during the 100-day study period. The cumulative incidence of COVID-19 was lower in the “not up-to-date” than the “up-to-date” state. On multivariable analysis, being “up-to-date” was not associated with lower risk of COVID-19 (HR, 1.05; 95% C.I., 0.88–1.25; P-value, 0.58). Results were very similar when those 65 years and older were only considered “up-to-date” after 2 doses of the bivalent vaccine.

Conclusions

Since the XBB lineages became dominant, adults “up-to-date” on COVID-19 vaccination by the CDC definition do not have a lower risk of COVID-19 than those “not up-to-date”, bringing into question the value of this risk classification definition.
Restricting social networking site use for one week produces varied effects on mood but does not increase explicit or implicit desires to use SNSs: Findings from an ecological momentary assessment study
Authors: Wadsley Michael , Ihssen Niklas
Published: November 2023

Recent research on the addictive potential of modern technologies such as the internet, smartphones, or social networking sites (SNSs) has suggested that emotional and motivational changes associated with the sudden discontinuation of engagement with the technology mirror the aversive consequences seen when drug use is ceased abruptly. This has been observed even in moderate users and interpreted as a manifestation of withdrawal, an important marker of physical dependence in substance use disorders. On the other hand, a growing literature emphasises the positive effects of “digital detox” on mental health and well-being. Using a battery of affective and motivational measures, both explicit and implicit, the present study tracked the effects of a week of significantly reduced SNS use in moderate to heavy SNS users (N = 51). Our pre-registered analyses showed that the intervention elicited affective changes neither consistent with a general withdrawal syndrome (i.e., increased negative affect and cravings) nor with a general beneficial effect on well-being: While our data indicated some abstinence-related decreases of negative affect and boredom, they also showed a reduction of positive affect. These changes occurred regardless of problematic/addictive use behaviours. Importantly, restricting SNS use for one week had no effect on implicit measures of SNS use motivation (i.e., approach biases, time distortion and effort expenditure for SNS access) nor did it influence explicit cravings and SNS cue-reactivity. Together our findings suggest that restricting SNS use has nuanced and potentially offsetting effects on well-being. These could arise because use reduction may concurrently remove experiences that trigger negative emotions (e.g., upward social comparisons or Fear of Missing Out) but also those that elicit positive emotions (e.g., social approval). The hypothesised lack of a net effect on well-being would be consistent with our finding that voluntary reduction of SNS use does not mitigate or exacerbate SNS-related urges.