bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGUKURAN INDEKS KEPUASAN LAYANAN INFRASTRUKTUR KOTA MALANG TAHUN 2021
Authors: Dan Pengembangan Bidang Penelitian
Published: December 2022

Indeks Kepuasan Layanan Infrastruktur (IKLI) merupakan ukuran yang digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan masyarakat atas pembangunan infrastruktur oleh Pemerintah. IKLI dapat menjadi suatu alat untuk mengetahui gambaran perspektif masyarakat secara obyektif terkait layanan infrastruktur yang diselenggarakan oleh pemerintah. Indikator yang digunakan dalam pengukuran IKLI Kota Malang tahun 2021 meliputi ketersediaan fisik, kualitas fisik, kesesuaian, pemanfaatan, dan kontribusi terhadap perekonomian. Tujuan Penyusunan IKLI Kota Malang tahun 2021 yaitu untuk mengukur capaian indeks kepuasan layanan infrastruktur tahun 2021, menganalisis antara hasil capaian yang diperoleh pada tahun 2021 dengan target/sasaran yang telah ditetapkan, mengkomparasikan capaian indeks kepuasan layanan infrastruktur tahun 2021 dengan hasil forecasting capaian indeks kepuasan layanan infrastruktur tahun 2018-2023, mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis permasalahan-permasalahan pada hasil review capaian dan target/sasaran indeks kepuasan layanan infrastruktur, serta memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan dan langkah-langkah apa yang perlu dilakukan Pemerintah Kota Malang berdasarkan hasil penelitian. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Importance Performance Analysi, Gap Analysis, dan analisis PGCV. Hasil pengukuran IKLI Kota Malang pada tahun 2021 diperoleh nilai 4,23 yang mengalami peningkatan dari hasil pengukuran IKLI tahun sebelumnya.
MENGEMBANGKAN USAHA DENGAN PROGRAM KUR (KREDIT USAHA RAKYAT) PEMERINTAH DI KELURAHAN CAWANG, KRAMAT JATI, JAKARTA TIMUR
Authors: Sutarti Sutarti , Hamzah Muh. Zilal , Marliah Siti , Hanifah Hanifah , Pardede Meslo , Yoristar Deny
Published: December 2022

Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan tentang peran lembaga keuangan terhadap masyarakat dan Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan merupakan kombinasi antara penyuluhan/ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab. Kami melakukan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat tentang “Pelatihan Pengembangan Usaha Mikro Melalui Program Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) Kelurahan Cawang, Kramat Jati, Jakarta Timur. Hasil pengabdian ini menunjukkan bahwa UMKM masih adanya kendala yaitu masih rendahnya pemahaman maupun akses untuk mendapat sumber pendanaan, oleh karenannya pertumbuhan dan peluang investasi menjaditerhambat. Bank pelaksana KUR adalah bank-bank milik pemerintahyang ditunjuk. Melalui bank-bank tersebut   KUR tanpa agunan ini dapat disalurkan kepada pihak yang membutuhkan sesuai dengan persyaratan yang ada, sehingga   kegiatan tersebut dapat disalurkan tepat sasara.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN, HARGA, DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN GRAB
Authors: Sukmanawati Sukmanawati , Purwati Sri
Published: December 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan, harga, dan promosi terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Grab. Penelitian ini dilakukan di wilayah Jakarta. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer. Populasi dalam penelitian sebanyak 50 responden. Dimana semua populasi tersebut dijadikan sampel. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan cara wawancara dan penyebaran kuesioner. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teknik Accidental Sampling.  Teknik Accidental Sampling adalah teknik penentuan sampel berdasarkan kebetulan. Variabel kualitas pelayanan dengan hasil uji t tabel dilihat dari nilai df sebesar 50 (n-4) dengan α sebesar 5% adalah sebesar 2.01290 sehingga thitung > dari ttabel (3.134 > 2.01290). Harga dengan uji t sebesar 2.01290 sehingga thitung < dari ttabel (-0.678 < -2.01290), dan promosi dengan uji t hitung sebesar 2.01290 sehingga thitung > dari ttabel (4.804 > 2.01290). Dengan ini Hasil analisis Koefisiensi Determinasi (R²) ini menghasilkan nilai sebesar 61,9% atau 0,619 yang kuat, korelasi/hubungan yang kuat antara variabel kualitas pelayanan, harga, dan promosi, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 38,1% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti, Seperti diskon, pelanggan baru, promosi tiap bulan dan penggunaan Grab Pay.
A Study on “Stress Management” Among School Teachers
Authors: Achchalli Kavita , Gouda A. Thimmana , Lingappa B. Shambhu
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the present study id to find the stressors leading to stress among teachers and to investigate the psychological and physiological impact of stress on teachers. A structured questionnaire with Five point likert scale was used to collect the required data. The data was collected from Teachers of 8th to 10th standards of Ballari city through personal interview. The sampling technique used was random sampling. Tables and percentage method are used as statistical tool for analysing the collected data. The study reveals that the stress exists among the teachers at normal level.
Involvement of Technological Growth on Policing Performance in Ghana
Authors: Okafor Mary Akusua , Obika Esther Abenaa
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvements of technological growths on performance of police officers and suggest the best ways to enhance technology use in the Ghana Police Service.

Methodology: The study adopted a descriptive research design survey. The sampling techniques used were simple random sampling. Raw data from respondents was obtained using questionnaires, interviews and focused group discussions. The qualitative data was analyzed thematically and by looking for patterns. They were presented in the form of narrative and verbatim quotations. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics includes percentages and means. They were presented in tables, graphs and pie charts.

Findings: The results of the study established that the performance of police officers has greatly improved due to growth of technology. The study established that there was use of technology in Ghana police service though not very much advanced.

Conclusion: The study concluded that Globalization and new technologies have facilitated certain cyber-criminal operations, thereby placing an additional burden on law enforcement agencies.

Recommendation: The study recommends the government of Ghana should increase the allocation of funds to the National Police Service for the acquisition of updated equipment, to provide training at appropriate levels in forensic techniques and in technological skills for policy makers and law enforcement and investigative personnel, introduce appropriate procedural and substantive laws to deal with crimes committed in an electronic environment and raise public awareness, on  the appropriate use of the internet.
Influence of Intra-Regional Trading on Uganda's Economic Progress
Authors: Biko Millicent Akello , Apio Joseph Mbabazi
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the trade impact of the EAC Customs Union and to analyze the impact of intra-EAC trade on Uganda's economic growth.

Methodology: The study employed serial data and a non-experimental study design. Regression analysis was used capturing causal relationships between variables and measuring the impact of trading and shaping within the EAC customs union.

Findings: The finding shows that after the formation of the custom union, the volume of trade in Uganda has increased proportionately by 0.9083 percent.

Conclusion: The effect of the custom union on Uganda intra-EAC trade, the EAC dummy coefficient was also found to be positive and statistically significant.

Recommendation: The study recommended the formation of the EAC Customs Union which is an important step in the process of deepening regional integration among its members.
Significance of Entrepreneurship Education of Small and Micro Businesses in Communication and Information Technology Sector in Pretoria region in South Africa
Authors: Adaeze Thomas Strydom , Mashinini  Barry
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of entrepreneurship training on performance of small and micro enterprises in Information Communication Technology sector in Pretoria town.

Methodology: Mixed method research design was used to collect qualitative and quantitative data. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data collected from the open-ended questions was analyzed through content analysis.

Results: The study revealed that lecture method was mostly used during trainings and trainees preferred discussions or participatory methods. Business characteristics statistically significantly moderate the relationship between entrepreneurship training and firm performance. That is, as age of the business, size of the business and education level of the owner of the business increases, the more positive impact the entrepreneurship training has on firm performance.

Conclusion: The government needs to regulate and broaden the curriculum of entrepreneurship training.

Recommendation: The study recommends that trainers should conduct training needs assessments before conducting entrepreneurship trainings. Trainers should give equitable emphasis on entrepreneurial skills, managerial skills, and technical skills training. Still, trainers need to review their training methods in line with the training needs and the trainees’ expectations.
Dietary Supplementation of Vitamin D to Curb Rickets in Children under Five Years in India
Authors: Akram Ahmed , Hasan Nauman Hadi , Ikram Ali Ayesha , Khan Tayyab Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Purpose: Rickets is a common disorder among children under five years mostly in the developing countries. It negatively affect normal growth and development of children thereby reducing their genetic potential. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cause of rickets in children under five years and solutions available.

Methodology: This study employed a descriptive cross-sectional approach and was conducted in the pediatric outpatients department of the Guru Tegh Bahadur (GTB) Hospital & University College of Medical Sciences (UCMS) Delhi. The study period was one year from September 2021 to September 2022 on 130 diagnosed cases of the rickets. Patients were enrolled via non- probability convenient sampling technique and a set developed inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data was collected through self-structured questionnaire after taking informed consent. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 26.

Findings: The study found out that giving getting enough of both vitamin D and calcium is crucial to maintaining bone health and protecting against disorders like osteoporosis, a condition that is characterized by weak, brittle bones. While the daily value (DV) of vitamin D is 800 IU per day, the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) differs slightly depending on your age. Children and adults ages 1–70 need approximately 600 IU of vitamin D per day. This can come from a combination of food sources and sunlight. Adults over 70 should aim for at least 800 IU (20 mcg) of vitamin D per day. The RDA for calcium also varies by age. Children ages 4–8 need about 1,000 mg of calcium daily. Children ages 9–18 need approximately 1,300 mg daily. Adults ages 19–50 need about 1,000 mg daily. Over the age of 50, most people need 1,200 mg per day.

Conclusion: The study conclude that children aged between one and three years are more susceptible to rickets than children between four and five years. The study also conclude that lower socioeconomic background, male gender, exclusive breastfeeding, unbalanced nutrition and mother’s poor nutritional status all contribute to high incidences of rickets in children under five years. Vitamin D is necessary for calcium absorption in your body. This plays a key role in maintaining bone strength and skeletal integrity.

Recommendations: Supplements should be added in the diet of children during breastfeeding. Also, there should be adequate sunlight exposure of children. Finally, malnutrition of both children and mothers should be treated.
Kenyan Female Lecturers' Ambitions for Leadership and Perceived Challenges
Authors: Kimani  Margaret Nyambura , Otieno  Stephen Omondi
Published: December 2022

Purpose: This study sought to determine whether there was a relationship between learned helplessness and the low involvement of women in leadership positions in higher education. 

Methodology: All of the female lecturers at KU were the study's target audience. It used a descriptive survey design. 50 female lecturers representing all the university's academic departments were chosen using stratified random sampling. A questionnaire was used to gather the information. The data were analyzed using both qualitative and quantitative data analysis methodologies. 

Results: The survey found that female instructors have high aspirations for leadership. They have shaky opinions about their possibilities of rising to positions of leadership, nevertheless. 

Conclusion: Only two female professors, or 4.3 percent, have sought for leadership roles in higher education, despite the fact that they are competent for these positions. 

Recommendations: The study also advised the university to conduct a survey to learn why women are underrepresented in leadership positions and to encourage leadership training programs for female academicians. The study recommended the government appoint more women in decision-making positions, such as parliament, and ensure compliance with gender equality as required by the constitution.
The Influence of E-Procurement on the Effectiveness of Micro-scale and Medium-sized Businesses in South Africa
Authors: Masuku  Gert Jabulani , Hlongwane   Jeremy
Published: December 2022

Purpose: The goal of this survey was to look into how e-procurement affected the performance of small and medium-sized businesses in Cape Town, South Africa. 

Methodology: The descriptive research approach was used. 3000 small and medium-sized businesses operating in Cape Town, South Africa, were the target population. 97 owners or managers of Small and Medium Sized Businesses made up the sample size. Owners and managers of Small and Medium Sized Businesses made up the observational unit. Using a stratified random selection approach, 97 respondents were chosen from the target demographic. 

Findings: According to the study, e-tendering had no appreciable impact on the performance of small and medium enterprises in Cape Town, South Africa. However, the performance of small and medium enterprises in Cape Town is significantly impacted by e-sourcing. E-invoicing also has a big influence on Cape Town's small and medium enterprises' performance. Additionally, e-payment has a big impact on Cape Town, South Africa's Small and Medium Enterprises' performance. 

Conclusion: E-tendering has a marginally beneficial impact on Cape Town SMEs' performance. However, the majority of SMEs do not have an online system for managing supplier contracts that simplifies the tendering procedure. 

Recommendations: Small and medium-sized businesses should adopt and use e-tendering, according to the study's recommendations, to streamline the procurement process and reduce associated expenses. Additionally, small and medium-sized businesses should switch to electronic invoicing to save money on the costs of printing, storing, and shipping paper invoices. The report also suggests that all small and medium-sized businesses implement e-payment to boost productivity by increasing payment efficiency and lowering mistakes associated with cash transactions. Additionally, small and medium-sized businesses should use e-sourcing since it expands their access to a wide range of suppliers and speeds up the contract award process.
The Protection of Women (Criminal Laws Amendment) Act, 2006 – A Challenge to the ‘Divine Sanction’ in Pakistan?
Authors: Mehdi Rubya , Khan Niazi Abdul Aziz
Published: December 2022

No abstract
Images of Justice: Contemporary Art in Retfærd. Nordic Journal of Law and Justice
Authors: Hammerslev Ole
Published: December 2022

Many of the texts written about the relationship between law and art have background in the perception of art that existed before the manifestation of idea based and conceptual art in the 1960s. By contrast, this paper examines how contemporary art visually portrays justice from a variety of themes and aesthetic expressions. It takes background in cover pages of a Nordic journal Retfærd. Nordic Journal of Law and Justice, which has exhibited contemporary art works since 2006. The paper discusses artworks that represent both thematic and aesthetic down strokes, to illustrate the variety in the artists’ and art’s engagement with law. Moreover, since all the artworks are contemporary, they illustrate issues of societal concern, not least images about the wars in the aftermath of the terror attacks on 9/11, identity formation and commerce.
Power, Violence, and the Paradox of Founding in John Ford’s The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance: An Arendtian Approach
Authors: Dees Russell L.
Published: December 2022

John Ford’s The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance is widely regarded as one of his best and darkest films and as a deep meditation on the American foundation myth. This article examines issues raised by John Ford’s film through distinctions Hannah Arendt developed between ‘power’ and ‘violence’ in her 1969 essay “On Violence” and through her analysis of foundation myths in her 1963 book On Revolution and places them in a broader context of political philosophy. Through this conceptual apparatus, we may gain new insight into the way John Ford’s film grapples with issues of law and politics. Moreover, the film provides concrete illustrations of some of the more abstract concepts in Hannah Arendt’s writings.
To Register or not to Register? Reflections on Muslim Marriage Practices in Britain
Authors: Ali Shaheen Sardar , Jones Justin , Shahid Ayesha
Published: December 2022

This is an abridged version of the article. The full article is available in Jahrbuch für islamische Rechtswissenschaft, edited by Cefli Ademi and Mathias Rohe and published by C.H. Beck/Munich in 2020. The article looks at practices regarding Muslim marriages (nikāhs) in Britain. In Britain, entry on the civil register is required for a Muslim marriage to be recognised as a valid marriage. However, some Muslims do not register their marriage and live in nikāh-only marriages. This article draws upon multiple pieces of research to investigate whether decisions not to register are informed and conscious. This includes surveys, focus group discussions and academic conference panels. The results clearly highlight the plurality and diversity of both Muslim thought and conduct in contemporary Britain, and finds that Muslims are developing a number of ‘new’ Muslim marriage practices, such as taking out a nikāh-only marriage as a means of validating a dating relationship. The article concludes with reflections on possible responses to the considerable challenges in accommodating Muslim and civil laws of marriage.
China’s Sustainability Challenges
Authors: Novaretti Simona
Published: December 2022

The paper investigates how the leaders of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) have re-interpreted the three kinds of “equity” generally considered implicit in the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely inter-generational, intra-generational, and inter-gender equity, to fit the country’s context. To what extent is China’s recent “return to Confucius” paving the way to the use of the law as an instrument of “social moralization”? What impact is this trend having on the achievement of sustainable development within Chinese society? The following sections will answer these questions, showing if, how, and with what consequences, Chinese traditional values have recently undergone a “creative renovation”, in order to support, on the one hand, PRC government’s commitment to reach SDGs and to back, on the other, its attempt to resew Chinese social fabric, worn out by the dramatic economic development experienced by the country in the last decades.
An Anthropologist in Court and out of Place
Authors: De Koning Martijn
Published: December 2022

In this rejoinder to Wiersinga’s article which deals with my role as an Expert Witness in a Dutch terrorism trial, I will respond based upon my notes at the time and my subsequent reﬂections about it. As I will show, the anthropologist and the judge can, and should, meet but this also turns the neutrality of the researcher into a matter debate. Furthermore, in this meeting anthropological knowledge becomes entangled with other logics and methods which raises many ethical questions as Wiersinga has rightfully pointed out. These questions and issues are not speciﬁc for the case I was involved in but has a bearing on the issue of cultural expertise in a broader sense for the time. I end my contribution with two pleas: one for more reﬂection among anthropologists on ethical issues in relation to cultural expertise and another to academic institutions to support their scholars in court.
Brazylijskość: ku tęczowej „tożsamości”
Authors: Paleczny Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

Artykuł jest próbą rekonstrukcji brazylijskiej tożsamości kulturowej. Jest to złożony, subiektywny system identyfikacji obejmujący elementy afrykańskiego mistycyzmu, indiańskiej duchowości i europejskiego racjonalizmu. Stanowi syndrom różnych wierzeń, tradycji rasowych i etnicznych, oparty na synkretycznym i hybrydalnym porządku społecznym i ładzie kulturowym. W brazylijskiej tożsamości bliskim modelu „tęczy” zlewają się ze sobą i przenikają wzajemnie różnorodne elementy o kolonialnym i imigracyjnym rodowodzie, scalone w obywatelsko-narodowe poczucie jedności.
Open Science – A French Perspective
Authors: Mounier Pierre , Aspaas Per Pippin
Published: December 2022

In this episode, a true Nestor of Open Science, Pierre Mounier talks us through the origins and growth of various French infrastructures for open research, especially in the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH). Based at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), he has been instrumental in transforming revues.org into OpenEdition, a national publishing infrastructure for open-access journals and books in the SSH disciplines. Mounier also discusses whether political ambitions concerning the rayonnement (‘radiance’, i.e. diffusion) of French as an international language has been a factor in acquiring governmental support for a service like OpenEdition. When negotiating with private publishing houses, the situation of the SSH disciplines contrasts to the domain of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Medicine (STEM). In the latter domain, the formation of COSO (Comité pour la science ouverte) has proved extremely important when negotiating read-and-publish deals with major publishers. Regarding the SSH, Mounier argues for a more soft and dialogic approach, since the private companies publishing French books and journals are usually small and far less profit-oriented.
The multidisciplinary CNRS (Centre national de la recherche scientifique) is a driver for open access and open research in general. For example, when physicists wanted to have a French repository mirroring the preprint server arXiv.org, this initiative grew organically into the all-encompassing HAL repository, thanks to collaboration between various disciplines facilitated by the CNRS. As for research data repositories, the set-up is slightly different. There now exists both a fallback national repository for researchers that lack an institutional or disciplinary service for their data and a federated service connecting the various institutional and disciplinary repositories across the country. One such disciplinary service is the Huma-Num, which runs a repository designated for Digital Humanities (Humanités numeriques).
This podcast recording was made in conjunction with the Munin Conference on Scholarly Publishing. First published online December 8, 2022.
Big Data Intelligent Analysis Algorithm Assisted Intelligent Financial System and Integrated Platform Realization of International Education Path
Authors: Kaodui Li
Published: December 2022

This paper studies smart financial decision support from the perspective of big data, which has both theoretical and practical significance. This paper firstly adopts the Apriori algorithm to calculate the degree of association between financial projects and financial data business, and completes data mining and analysis; This puts forward higher requirements for higher education in our country. The author mainly analyzes the integration of civil engineering majors into international education under the trend of internationalization of higher education. Starting with the main bottlenecks faced by enterprises' financial management, this paper introduces the emerging enterprise financial management solutions and development directions driven by the background of big data.
Immunohistochemical Study of Tumor Associated-Macrophages and Microvessel Density in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Elgezawy Doaa Elsayed , Hazzaa Sahar Mohey El Din , Mabrouk Maaly M. , El-Gamal Basma Mostafa , Fonseca Rafael
Published: December 2022

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is described as an increase in malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM), which is linked with end-organ damage including kidney failure, lytic bone lesion, anemia, and immunosuppression. This study evaluated the degree of tumor-associated macrophages infiltration and its diagnostic value in newly identified multiple myeloma cases.

Methods: This retrospective study included 100 patients who had multiple myeloma. Patients were classified as follow: Patients with low Tumor associated macrophages, patients with high tumor associated macrophages, cases with low grade micro vessel density and patients with high grade micro vessel density. All cases underwent to detailed history taking, Clinical assessment, bone scan and laboratory tests including Immunohistochemistry of BM biopsy samples to confirm diagnosis of abnormal plasma cells (CD138 and monoclonal light chain).

Results: There was a strong positive correlation between CD163 and CD68. There was a strong positive correlation between MVD and CD68. There was a strong positive correlation between MVD and CD163. There was decreased overall survival with increased CD 68 TAMs content with median OS (50 months) in low CD 68 TAMs vs. (16.5 months) in high CD 68 TAMs. There was decreased overall survival with increased CD163 TAMs content with median OS (49.3 months) in low CD 163 TAMs vs. (25.6 months) in high CD 163 TAMs. There was decreased overall survival with increased MVD with median OS (54.6 months) in low MVD vs. (25.6 months) in high MVD.

Conclusions: Important role of TAMs expression and MVD in the prognosis of the multiple myeloma, as the elevated TAMs expression and high grade MVD associated with poor prognosis.
Hydraulic Vibration Hammer without Resonance Technology Status Study
Authors: Yupeng Li , Rongyu You
Published: December 2022

Hydraulic vibratory hammer using the working principle of vibratory pile sinking is an important equipment in pile foundation construction, which can be used for sinking and extracting piles. It has a wider range of application than the drop hammer for pile sinking by the impact method and the static hammer for pile sinking by the press-in method, which can significantly reduce the resistance of piles during sinking and extraction and improve the working efficiency. However, it is difficult to avoid the resonance phenomenon in the process of starting and stopping by using the principle of vibratory pile sinking, and the resonance phenomenon will cause a high concentration of stress in the vibratory pile hammer parts and reduce its service life. In this paper, the resonance-free technology of hydraulic vibratory hammer is studied in the hope of promoting the development of hydraulic vibratory hammer. On this basis, the technology of innovative hydraulic vibratory hammer without resonance is used to reduce its cost and promote commercialization.
Manufacture of n-Propyl Propionate Using Ion Exchange Resins: Reaction Kinetics and Feasibility of Reactive Distillation
Authors: Devale Reshma R. , Deogharkar Bipin S. , Mahajan Yogesh S.
Published: December 2022

Reaction kinetics of esterification of propionic acid with 1-propanol to produce n-propyl propionate using Amberlyst-15 as a catalyst was investigated in this work. Effect of various parameters was studied. Initially, the efficacy of different catalysts was investigated which revealed that Amberlyst-15 can be suitably used for the reaction. This was followed by mass transfer exclusion which included effect of agitation speed, catalyst size and calculation of Weisz-Prater Criterion. Parameters selected for kinetic study were mole ratio of propionic acid to 1-propanol, temperature, catalyst loading and initial water concentration. Catalyst reusability was also verified. Aspen      Custom Modeler (ACM) was used to regress kinetic parameters and a good match was obtained. Reactive Distillation (RD) runs in the batch mode were performed which showed that RD is a better option for process intensification (PI) for this reaction. Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Editorial
Authors: Speirs Ann , Coates Tony , Hubbard Peter , Rockel Jenny
Published: December 2022

The 2003 edition of Forum celebrates diversity. The papers within cover a wide sweep: across countries, across cultures and languages, across disciplines, from different corners of our psychotherapy discipline. We are delighted to include keynote papers and other presentations from the conference in Christchurch. These papers give us rich reading and thinking from many perspectives - psychiatry, individual and group psychotherapy, history and culture, art, ethics and neuroscience. We have as well papers that pick up the conference theme, the ebb and flow of relationship. We include a formal tribute to Roy Muir and a paper dedicated to him. Its author, Angela Stupples, trained in child psychotherapy with Roy and Liz Muir and her paper opened the day seminar held at The Ashburn Clinic in Dunedin earlier this year to honour Roy's life and work.
In the absence of Father: Theoretical and clinical perspectives
Authors: Stupples Angela
Published: December 2022

This paper was written as a tribute to the work of Roy Muir, psychoanalyst, child psychiatrist and former Medical Director of Ashburn Clinic in Dunedin. It discusses Roy's theoretical and clinical contribution to his profession through a consideration of his thinking about the role of the 'father' in the family triad and discusses the psychotherapeutic challenges where, as a result of changing social patterns, 'fathers' are increasingly absent.
Domain interactions stabilize the alternatively folded state of an antibody Fab fragment
Authors: Lilie Hauke , Buchner Johannes
Published: July 2002

The structure of the Fab fragment of the monoclonal antibody MAK 33 (κ/IgG1) at pH 2 was characterized. Spectroscopic and kinetic analysis revealed a molten globule‐like state, characterized by elements of secondary structure but less defined tertiary contacts than in the native state. However, some aromatic side chains are in an asymmetrical environment. This structure was not detected using the isolated light chain or a Fab fragment lacking the covalent linkage of the light chain and Fd via the C‐terminal disulfide bond. Therefore, interactions between the two chains, stabilized by the interchain disulfide within the Fab fragment, are essential for formation of the alternatively folded state.
Genomic sequencing reveals absence of DNA methylation in the major late promoter of adenovirus type 2 DNA in the virion and in productively infected cells
Authors: Kämmer Christina , Doerfler Walter
Published: July 2002

By using methylation‐sensitive restriction endonucleases, we have previously provided evidence that adenovirus type 2 (Ad2) virion DNA or free intranuclear Ad2 DNA in productively infected hamster or human cells is not methylated. We have now chosen a different experimental approach and have investigated the major late promoter (MLP) sequence of Ad2 DNA for the presence of 5‐methyldeoxycytidine (5‐mC) residues with the genomic sequencing technique. This study has been prompted by the finding that the MLP of Ad2 DNA can be inactivated by sequence‐specific methylation in experiments in which a MLP‐chloramphenicol acetyltransferase construct has been transcribed in a cell‐free system from HeLa cell nuclear extracts. Virion Ad2 DNA and Ad2 DNA isolated from productively infected human or hamster cells between 1 and 48 h post‐infection (p.i.) have now been analyzed. There is no evidence for the presence of 5‐mC in the cytidine positions in the MLP of any of these Ad2 preparations. We conclude that DNA methylation does not seem to play a role in the early‐late control of this viral promoter. The sensitivity of the genomic sequencing technique does not permit us to exclude the unlikely presence of 5‐mC in a few Ad2 DNA molecules.
History, collective memory and identity: the Tatars of sovereign Tatarstan
Authors: Rorlich Azode-Ayse
Published: July 2002

The present article offers a discussion of the challenges of identity construction among the Tatars of Soverign Tatarstan by highlighting the importance of collective memory in reconstructing identity in the post-colonial context. Its conclusions point to the particularly prominent role most Tatars assign to language and religion not only in identity construction, but in resurrecting and consolidating statehood as well.
Prediction of Naphthalene Bioaccumulation Using an Adipocyte Cell Line Model
Authors: Viravaidya Kwanchanok , Shuler Michael L.
Published: July 2002

A long‐term goal of this research is to develop an in vitro model to study the metabolism, distribution, and fate of chemicals or pharmaceuticals in animals and humans. An important component of such a system is an in vitro model to study bioaccumulation of specific chemicals in adipose tissue. Due to the difficulties in maintaining primary adipocytes in culture and conducting reproducible experiments, transformed adipocyte cell lines have been used as an alternative. In this paper, several rodent preadipocyte cell lines (3T3‐L1, 3T3‐F442A, and TA1 cells) that differentiate into adipocytes when exposed to the appropriate stimuli are tested as an investigative tool to study naphthalene accumulation. The in vitro model is tested by comparison of its performance to that of primary adipocytes. All the experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that naphthalene accumulation is primarily dependent on the level of intracellular lipid. Furthermore, the level of naphthalene bioaccumulation is linearly correlated with the amount of triglyceride content with the slope of 37.7 ± 0.5 μg of naphthalene/(mg of triglyceride). Indomethacin/dexamethasone/insulin are shown to be more effective in promoting preadipocyte differentiation than methylisobutylxanthine/dexamethasone/insulin. Additionally, external factors, such as the presence of albumin and serum in the medium, affect the cellular naphthalene uptake by decreasing the amount of naphthalene transported into fat cells. Among the three cell lines tested, 3T3‐L1 adipocytes accumulated the highest intracellular lipid and, hence, yielded the highest level of naphthalene accumulation. Its ability to accumulate naphthalene is comparable to that of primary adipocytes. The 3T3‐L1 adipocyte model is appropriate for studying the bioaccumulation of xenobiotics that are aromatic hydrocarbons.
Competitive Immunosorbent Assays Using Ligand−Enzyme Conjugates and Bifunctional Liposomes: Theory and Experiment
Authors: Jones Matthew A. , Kilpatrick Peter K. , Carbonell Ruben G.
Published: July 2002

Two models of immunoadsorbent assays are developed that describe the competitive adsorption of labeled antigen and unlabeled analyte to antibody binding sites immobilized on a solid surface. In the first model, a small labeled antigen and a small unlabeled analyte compete with only binding site limitations and no steric limitations. A multicomponent Langmuir isotherm results that is sufficient to quantify competitive adsorption. This model can describe, with no adjustable parameters, the data of competitive assays for biotin using biotinylated horseradish peroxidase (B‐HRP) over a wide range of anti‐biotin antibody (ABA) surface densities. In the second model, the small unlabeled analyte competes with a large colloidal particle containing many antigens and enzyme labels attached to its surface. This model quantifies the steric interference that large particles can experience upon binding (large ligand effect) due to the lower probability of finding an available area of the right size to accommodate the larger adsorbent. This large ligand model also takes into account the increased probability of binding a large particle due to the larger number of antibody binding sites covered per collision. The resulting model is used to analyze the competitive assay data of biotin competing with liposomes to which many biotin and HRP molecules have been conjugated. This analysis is of interest because previous work has shown that these bifunctional liposomes can reduce the detection limit for antigens in bulk solution relative to assays performed with conventional small labeled antigens.
Rapid failure of pig islet transplantation in non human primates
Authors: Cantarovich Diego , Blancho Gilles , Potiron Nicolas , Jugeau Nathalie , Fiche Maryse , Chagneau Carine , Letessier Eric , Boeffard Françoise , Loth Philippe , Karam Georges , Soulillou Jean‐Paul , Le Mauff Brigitte
Published: July 2002

Abstract: We have previously demonstrated that adult pig islets of Langerhans are not destroyed in vitro by primate sera. Whether these islets can function when placed into the liver of non‐human primates is not known. We now report on the outcome of pig islet xenotransplantation into five non diabetic primates (four baboons and one macacus fascicularis) receiving intraportally purified adult pig islets. The average number of islet‐equivalent per graft was 110000 (60–180000). All animals received associations of ATG, cyclosporine or LF 195 (a deoxyspergualin analog), mycophenolate mofetil and corticosteroids. A specific porcine C‐peptide (C‐pep) RIA test was used to monitor insulin secretion. Two hours after grafting, porcine C‐peptide was positive (from 0.37 to 4.25 ng/ml) in all monkeys except one. Primate C‐pep was normal in all cases. Only two monkeys had detectable levels of porcine C‐pep on day 1 or 2 with undetectable levels thereafter, even after glucagon challenge between days 6 and 10. Several normal islets with moderate inflammatory infiltration were observed in one animal liver on day 2 (the time of necropsy) as well as islets with IgM and complement deposition. Among animals sacrificed on days 14, 16 and 38, some residual islet cells could be identified only in livers collected on day 14. Partial glycaemic control was achieved in some rats receiving islets from the same preparations. In conclusion, adult pig islets are not able to maintain insulin secretion for more than 24 h when injected intraportally into non diabetic immunosuppressed monkeys, suggesting immediate islet xenograft destruction.
Both IgG and IgM anti‐pig antibodies induce complement activation and cytotoxicity
Authors: Roos Anja , Essers Maria , Van Gijlswijk‐Janssen Daniëlle , Bovin Nicolai V. , Daha Mohamed R.
Published: July 2002

Abstract: Hyperacute rejection of pig xenografts transplanted in humans is caused by endothelial cell binding of pre‐formed xenoreactive antibodies (XAb) and activation of the classical pathway of complement. Human XAb mainly consist of anti‐Galα1–3Gal antibodies, which occur in IgM, IgG and IgA classes. Whereas IgM anti‐Galα1–3Gal antibodies have an established role in hyperacute rejection, the potential role of IgG XAb in this process is still controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess the specificity and functional properties of IgG and IgM XAb. Both classes were present in all human plasma samples tested, with a high inter‐individual variability. Levels of IgG XAb did not correlate with levels of IgM XAb. Binding to Galα1–3Gal is strongly correlated with binding to the pig cell line PK15, both for IgG and for IgM, pointing to Galα1–3Gal as the major antigen recognized. Both purified IgM and IgG induced C3 deposition on PK15 cells and complement‐dependent cytotoxicity in a dose‐dependent way. The combination of IgG and IgM XAb resulted in an additive effect on cytotoxicity. Affinity‐purified IgG anti‐Galα1–3Gal antibodies were 22 times less potent than IgM in induction of cytotoxicity. These results indicate a quantitative, but not a qualitative, difference between IgM and IgG anti‐pig antibodies concerning their complement‐activating properties. Therefore, both classes of XAb are of importance in the pathogenesis of hyperacute rejection, and the relative importance of each class may differ considerably between individual patients, depending on the ratio of IgG and IgM XAb present in serum.
Anaerobic nitrate reductase (narGHJI) activity of Mycobacterium bovis BCG in vitro and its contribution to virulence in immunodeficient mice
Authors: Weber Isabel , Fritz Christian , Ruttkowski Silvia , Kreft Andreas , Bange Franz‐Christoph
Published: July 2002

Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis cause tuberculosis, which is responsible for the deaths of more people each year than any other bacterial infectious disease. Disseminated disease with Mycobacterium bovis BCG, the only currently available vaccine against tuberculosis, occurs in immunocompetent and immunodeficient individuals. Although mycobacteria are obligate aerobes, they are thought to face an anaerobic environment during infection, notably inside abscesses and granulomas. The purpose of this study was to define a metabolic pathway that could allow mycobacteria to exist under these conditions. Recently, the complete genome of M. tuberculosis has been sequenced, and genes homologous to an anaerobic nitrate reductase (narGHJI), an enzyme allowing nitrate respiration when oxygen is absent, were found. Here, we show that the narGHJI cluster of M. tuberculosis is functional as it conferred anaerobic nitrate reductase activity to Mycobacterium smegmatis. A narG mutant of M. bovis BCG was generated by targeted gene deletion. The mutant lacked the ability to reduce nitrate under anaerobic conditions. Both mutant and M. bovis BCG wild type grew equally well under aerobic conditions in vitro. Histology of immunodeficient mice (SCID) infected with M. bovis BCG wild type revealed large granulomas teeming with acid‐fast bacilli; all mice showed signs of clinical disease after 50 days and succumbed after 80 days. In contrast, mice infected with the mutant had smaller granulomas containing fewer bacteria; these mice showed no signs of clinical disease after more than 200 days. Thus, it seems that nitrate respiration contributes significantly to virulence of M. bovis BCG in immunodeficient SCID mice.
Sex Determination by Sex Chromosomes in Dioecious Plants
Authors: Matsunaga S. , Kawano S.
Published: July 2002

Abstract: Sex chromosomes have been reported in several dioecious plants. The most general system of sex determination with sex chromosomes is the XY system, in which males are the heterogametic sex and females are homogametic. Genetic systems in sex determination are divided into two classes including an X chromosome counting system and an active Y chromosome system. Dioecious plants have unisexual flowers, which have stamens or pistils. The development of unisexual flowers is caused by the suppression of opposite sex primordia. The expression of floral organ identity genes is different between male and female flower primordia. However, these floral organ identity genes show no evidence of sex chromosome linkage. The Y chromosome of Rumex acetosa contains Y chromosome‐specific repetitive sequences, whereas the Y chromosome of Silene latifolia has not accumulated chromosome‐specific repetitive sequences. The different degree of Y chromosome degeneration may reflect on evolutionary time since the origination of dioecy. The Y chromosome of S. latifolia functions in suppression of female development and initiation and completion of anther development. Analyses of mutants suggested that female suppressor and stamen promoter genes are localized on the Y chromosome. Recently, some sex chromosome‐linked genes were isolated from flower buds of S. latifolia.
Temperature dependence of the third-order nonlinear optical susceptibilities in polysilanes and polygermanes
Authors: Baumert J.-C. , Bjorklund G. C. , Jundt D. H. , Jurich M. C. , Looser H. , Miller R. D. , Rabolt J. , Sooriyakumaran R. , Swalen J. D. , Twieg R. J.
Published: July 2002

Optical third-harmonic generation was used to measure third-order nonlinear susceptibilities χ(3) for thin films of planar zigzag polysilanes and polygermanes. A χ(3) of 11.3×10−12 esu was measured, the largest value ever reported for a polymer with transparency throughout the visible. The value of χ(3) was found to vary substantially with thermally induced reversible changes in polymer backbone conformation and also with film thickness.
Hot-carrier light emission from silicon metal-oxide-semiconductor devices
Authors: Herzog M. , Koch F.
Published: July 2002

Light emitted from energetic electrons and holes near the drain region of Si field-effect transistor devices is measured spectrally resolved in the important energy range about the band gap. Using a sensitive Ge detector we examine the spectral range from 0.75 to 1.55 eV in order to identify and study the recombination of impact ionization generated electron-hole pairs. Two distinct recombination lines are observed superposed on a continuum background.
Misfit dislocations in In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs strained-layer superlattices
Authors: Herbeaux C. , Di Persio J. , Lefebvre A.
Published: July 2002

The misfit dislocation structure in In0.15Ga0.85As/GaAs strained-layer superlattices has been characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Most of the dislocations are 60° dislocations confined to the buffer/strained-layer superlattice interface. This interface also contains sources that emit glissile dislocations into the {111} planes. These dislocations develop into the buffer layer and the substrate but hardly into the strained-layer superlattice. The sources are connected to the interactions between misfit dislocations in the buffer/superlattice interface.
High quality epitaxial ZnSe and the relationship between electron mobility and photoluminescence characteristics
Authors: Giapis Konstantinos P. , Lu Da-Cheng , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: July 2002

High quality epitaxial layers of nominally undoped ZnSe have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at low temperature (325 °C) and pressure (30 Torr), using dimethylzinc and hydrogen selenide. All layers were unintentionally doped n type with net carrier concentrations of 6.4×1014–1.5×1016 cm−3 and exhibited very high mobility at room temperature (up to 500 cm2/V s) as well as at 77 K, where the measured value of 9250 cm2/V s is the highest so far reported for vapor phase growth. Additional evidence for the high quality of the material is provided by photoluminescence. Experimental results indicate a correlation between the photoluminescence characteristics and the electrical properties that may be useful in assessing the quality of ZnSe films.
Fast photothermal measurement system for inspection of weak adhesion defects
Authors: Hartikainen J.
Published: July 2002

A simple and fast photothermal measurement system for nondestructive evaluation of coatings is presented. The sample surface is scanned with a focused laser beam and the resulting temperature rise is monitored with a focused infrared detector. The laser light scattered from the sample surface is measured with a photodiode and so both the optical and the thermal image of the sample can be obtained simultaneously. The functionality of the measurement system is demonstrated with two plasma-spray-coated samples.