bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applied-Information Technology with a Method of PLM Software in Component Library Development and Management Based on the Cloud Platform
Authors: Peng Wei Ping , Huang Yan Ting , Liu Zhao , Li Jing , Gao Rong
Published: October 2014

Aiming at the PLM component library system, this paper studied the characteristic and requirement of the development of the PLM component. The main goal of this research include: deploying PLM component library using open source project OpenStack and KVM; studying the component communication method under heterogeneous environments on the basis of distributing framework model Remote Method Invocation (RMI); designing PLM soft component’s facet and interface; putting forward the steps of developing the distributed PLM component based on EJB technology (include Session Bean, Entity Bean, Message Bean); issuing distributed PLM component that is packed into Web service in order to achieve the mapping between PLM soft component and Web service by using J2EE Web service component; developing a PLM component library management system based on SOA framework.
An Adaptive Decision Concurrency Control Algorithm
Authors: Chen Yi Rui , Zhuang Yi
Published: October 2014

For the lack of adaptability about the existing concurrency control algorithms, adaptive decision concurrency control algorithm is proposed. ADCC algorithm divides concurrency control process into two phases in: execution authorizing phase and strategy selecting phase. In execution authorizing phase, algorithm compares statistics and effectiveness of transactions to determine the execution order of conflict transactions. In strategy selecting phase, according to transactions’ read/write status and current conflict rate, algorithm selects optimistic/pessimistic conflict resolution strategy adaptively. Such selection mechanism makes ADCC algorithm have high efficiency no matter database system is busy or idle. Simulation experiment proves that ADCC algorithm this paper proposed is superior to classical strict two phases locking algorithm and hybrid concurrency control. So ADCC algorithm performs well in the period of concurrency control.
GIS Based Coal Seam Floor DEM Construction According to Floor Contours and Considering Faults Distribution
Authors: Zhang He Yu , Lei Fan , Huang Fei
Published: October 2014

Coal seam floor contours are one of the most important 8 mine maps, and was usually used for coal mine decision-making. However, the graph, which was expressed as lines, has many disadvantages, including inadequate intuitive, poor visibility, and weak in expression of three-dimensional morphology formation. Thus, the readers have to spend more time to reveal the spatial distribution of coal deposits. According to the coal seam floors contours, and considering the constraints of faults in coal seams, the following steps were implemented to acquire coal seam floor DEM, which are: 1) contours discrete; and 2) interpolation using Inverse Distance Weighted method (IDW). The process was easy-manipulated, and the results could reflect the spatial distribution of coal seams in an objective, intuitively, and strong visibility manner. The method could facilitate and guide the analysis of mine design and coal production.
Research on Application of Information Technology in Promoting Learners’ Translation Competence and Self-Directed Learning
Authors: Wu Chun Mei
Published: October 2014

The rapid development of technology and information ( IT) provides learners with a better learning environment with the help of a more advanced means. Nowadays, in China, web-based education is enjoying great popularity because of its undeniable advantages .With its support, the goal of the well-designed curricular can be better achieved and learners’ learning efficiency can be greatly promoted. This paper aims to explore the effect of a new fixed teaching model ( classroom instruction +web-based instruction ) on English majors’ translation competence. Results from the 16-week experiment and in-depth interviews with the participants show that this new model do exert great influences on learners’ learning strategies, which can boost learners’ translation competence as well as their self-directed learning .
Applied-Information Technology with Trust Risk Evaluation Method of Supply Chain Based on Theory of Rough Set and Uncertain Multiple Attribute Decision
Authors: Lu Qiu Qin , Wang Yang Mei
Published: October 2014

With the rising of the supply chain in all areas, trust issues become more and more concern. An applied-information technology with trust risk evaluation method is presented. Trust risk rating index system is built after analyzing trust risks in the supply chain. The key indexes of trust risk indexes are selected based on rough set theory, and a simplified trust risk evaluation index system is constituted. The weight of each index is calculated by rough set theory. Supply chain trust risk is assessed based on the determined index system, index weight and advantages of the uncertain multiple attribute decision making methods, which provide the basis for trust of supply chain risk prevention.
Data Processing in Regional Energy, Economy and Environment System Development Theories Research
Authors: Li Jian , Liu Yue
Published: October 2014

Along with the social progress and rapid economic development, many countries appeared the contradiction between supply and demand of energy in different degree and the environment is destroyed, so it’s difficult to support the economy to continue to grow. In this context, how to coordinate the relations among the sources of energy, economy and environment system(3 e) is the prime issue must be solved in the road of human sustainable development. This paper established economic growth Translog Production Function with considering the energy consumption and presented the calculation method of contribution rate to economic growth. At the same time with the data processing and analysis on energy, economy, and environment system theory, it provided government and enterprises with scientific proof of work and production combining with panel data.
Data Processing in Spatial-Temporal Analysis of Long-Term Precipitation in Taihu Basin during 1951-2006
Authors: Ma Teng Fei , Wang Chuan Hai , Zeng Xian Min
Published: October 2014

Spatial-Temporal structure and trend of annual/flood season precipitation over the Taihu Basin, which is one of the most developed regions in China, were analyzed in this paper, based on the dataset during 1951-2006. The non-parametric Mann-Kendall test was employed to detect the trend, while the EOF and REOF methods were used to analyze the structure. The result showed that the annual rainfall distribution is decreased from southwest Zhexi district to northeast Wuchengxiyu and Yangchengdianmao districts, while the summer distribution is decreased from southwest to southeast Hangjiahu and Pudong distircts. The annual/flood season average precipitation of Taihu basin was on a downward trend (not significant) during 1951-2006. There was a significant decline trend in the Zhexi District, and the most significant downward trend appears in the Moganshan station, the Mann-Kendall slope of which is 6.5mm/a. Annual precipitation space distribution of Taihu basin is mainly characterized in two forms: north-south opposite distribution and east-west opposite distribution, both of the maximum rainfall appeared at Tianmu Mountain in the west of Zhejiang, and the minimum appeared at Danyang/Shanghai.
Friction and Wear Performances of n-Na2B4O7/Ion Nitrocarburized Duplex Layer at Different Frequences
Authors: Hu Chun Hua , Xue Jun , Deng Zhi Chang , Wang Shan Jun , Wang Hai Tao
Published: October 2014

The paper studied the friction and wear performances of n-Na2B4O7/ion nitrocarburized duplex layer at different frequences. It is found that at frequence 10 Hz, 20 Hz, 30 Hz, respectively, the friction factor and volume loss of the duplex layer is 64%, 60%, 50% and 97%, 91%, 95% less than that of the intermediate frequency quenched surface, respectively, which indicates that the n-Na2B4O7/ion nitrocarburized duplex layer has more excellent friction reduction and wear resistance performances than the intermediate frequency quenched surface under CD15W-40 oil lubricating at different frequences. This because that the chemical reaction films including oxide, BN and so on formed on the friction surface play the solid lubrication function, and the n-Na2B4O7 particles on the friction surface play the "Micron nanobearing" function.
Separation Status of Discarded or Obsolete TNT/RDX/Al Explosive Based on Material Properties
Authors: Wu Yi , Ding Yu Kui , Liu Guo Qing , Wang Hai Dan , Zhen Jian Wei
Published: October 2014

Waste explosives are dangerous marerials and the traditional approaches did not only waste resources, but also caused environment pollution. Separation and recovery can effectively make up the shortage of traditional processing methods. The domestic hybrid methods of separating and recovering explosives are summarized and proposed industrial development direction of separation and recovery of waste explosives is the proper way to dispose discarded or obsolete TNT/RDX/Al explosive.
Transport of Water and Chloride Ion in Cement Composites Modified with Graphene Nanoplatelet
Authors: Du Hong Jian , Pang Sze Dai
Published: October 2014

Cement composites are vulnerable to harsh environments in which the chloride ions can ingress into concrete and thus cause corrosion of steel. In this study, the barrier effect of adding 2-D nanoparticles on the transport properties of cement-based materials was investigated. Graphene nanoplatelet (GNP), which comprises of a few layers of graphene stacked together, is chosen as a candidate in this study due to its impermeability and also its electrical conductivity which can be exploited for self-sensing functionality. Due to the large aspect ratio of the GNP, it is expected that the dispersion of these 2-D nanobarriers can contribute to the reduced permeability and diffusion of harmful agents. Experiments were carried out on cement mortar with 0%, 2.5%, 5.0% and 7.5% of GNP by weight of cement. The water penetration depth, chloride diffusion coefficient and chloride migration coefficient were reduced by 64%, 70% and 31% respectively with the addition of as little as 2.5% of GNP. This reduction can be attributed to the barrier effect of GNP which increases the tortuosity against water and chloride ions penetration, and also the refinement of the capillary pores which was revealed from the MIP tests. At GNP content exceeding 5%, the nanoparticles agglomerate, causing weak pockets which compromises the benefits of adding GNP to impede the ingress of fluids.
Experimental Research on the Durability of Inorganic Binder Stabilized Material with Soda Residue
Authors: Yang Yi Bo , Zheng Mei Ru , Guo Wen Ying , Wang Heng Chang
Published: October 2014

The high contents of alkali ion and chloride ion in soda residue pollute environment. So how to treat the soda residue is an urgent problem to be solved in China. The soda residue can be used in inorganic binder stabilized materials. But the negative effect of soda residue is not studied. The impermeability, frost resistance, and chloride ion leaching of inorganic binder stabilize materials prepared by soda residue are studied. And the results as followings: (1) The permeability coefficients of cement/ mineral admixture-soda residue stabilized stone chip are very low, and they are good impermeable materials; (2) The frost resistance of cement-silica fume-soda residue stabilized stone chip is good, and silica fume is recommended to be used in cold area; (3) The mineral admixture has a better long-term immobilized effect on chloride ion than cement, and the ground granular blast-furnance slag is the best mineral admixture to immobilize the chloride ion.
Experiment Study on the Effect of GGBFS on Frost Resistance of Concrete
Authors: Zhang Shi Yi , Fan Ying Fang , Wang Qi
Published: October 2014

High volume utilization of industrial wastes and by products is the solution for high disposal coast. The anti-frost of high performance concrete is a key factor for safe utilization of concrete structure containing industrial wastes under severe environment. In this paper, to understand the property on anti-frost of high performance containing ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) under cold marine environment. Some comparison studies were conducted on plain concrete by rapid freeze-thaw cycle test. During the rapid freeze-thaw cycle test, the mass loss and relative elastic modulus were measured regularly at the prescribed conditioning ages. The development of microstructure in concrete was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The rapid freeze-thaw cycle test results show that the plain concrete was destroyed severely at 150 freeze-thaw cycles. After 225 freeze-thaw cycles, the mass loss and the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity of GGBFS concrete decrease 1.3% and 26.11%, respectively, that indicates that GGBFS significantly improve the anti-frost performance of concrete; The addition of GGBFS can accelerate the cement hydration reaction, promote more Ca (OH)2 crystals shift to C-S-H gel and help to increase the density of the micro-structure of concrete, which can prevent the formation of micro-cracks and suppress the propagation of cracks and thus effectively improve the durability of concrete. KEY WORDS: GGBFS; freeze-thaw durability; microstructure; scanning electron microscopy; X-ray diffraction.
The Research of Influence on the Freezing Resistance and the Permeation Resistance of Concrete With Spraying Silane
Authors: Ge Xin , Song Xian Hui , Ge Yong , Cai Xiao Ping
Published: October 2014

Silane, as an extremely hydrophobic material, changes concrete surface from hydrophilic state to hydrophobic state by spraying on the surface of concrete. It has the ability to block the external corrosive medium to improve the durability of concrete. Three types of strength grade of concrete (C30, C40, C50) were designed, after spraying with silane on the surface of concrete, to measure the penetration depth of silane and the influence on water-absorption rate, liquid-absorption rate, chloride ion diffusion coefficient and salt frost resistance. The test result shows that: by spraying silane on the surface of concrete,the one hour water-absorption rate of concrete was reduced by more than 98%, the 48 hours water-absorption rate was cut down above 91%, and the 48 hours liquid-absorption (3% NaCl solution) rate was decreased above 94%. The penetration depth for C30 and C50 has the maximum value (6.3mm) and minimum value (3.9mm) respectively. Absorption reduction rate of chloride ion overall was decreased by above 93%, and chloride ion diffusion coefficient was reduced by 42% ~ 48%. The freeze-thaw resistance was improved by 5 times. Key words: silane, the salt frost resistance, liquid-absorption rate, chloride ion diffusion coefficient
Study on Transient Air Permeability of Concrete under Different Curing Conditions
Authors: Mu Song , Wu Ye , Jiang Qian , Shi Liang
Published: October 2014

Quality of concrete cover is a key factor for concrete durability. In fact, the quality of concrete cover has close relationship with mixture design and curing condition. Present study adopted transient test of air permeability to study on affecting factors of air permeability of concrete. Results dedicated that curing condition was the most important factor to affect transient air permeability of concrete. Adequate curing is required to decrease effectively the air permeability, and low ratio of W/B is helpful to reduce air permeability. Air permeability of concrete samples, added with fly ash or slag powder, was more sensitive to dry curing than standard curing. Besides, CaO based expansive agent effectively decreased coefficient of air permeability at the adequate curing condition
Influences of Glassified Micro-Bubble on Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High-Strength Concrete after Exposure to High Temperature
Authors: Peng Gai Fei , Wang Xiao Li , Wang Lin
Published: October 2014

An experimental investigation was conducted to study residual mechanical properties of Ultra-High-Strength concrete with different dosages of glassified micro-bubble after exposure to high temperature. After exposure to different target temperatures (room temperature, 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C,800 °C), residual mechanical properties (residual compressive strength, residual tensile splitting strength, residual fracture energy) of Ultra-High-Strength concrete under different conditions including 1 water-binder ratios (0.18), 3 different contents of glassified micro-bubble (0%, 40%, 60%) were all investigated. The effect of different dosage of glassified micro-bubble was studied on residual mechanical properties of Ultra-High-Strength concrete after exposure to high temperature. The results indicate that the variations of different kinds of Ultra-High-Strength concrete with different dosage of glassified micro-bubble are basically the same. With the increase of temperature, the residual mechanical properties increase at first, then decrease. The residual mechanical properties decrease after exposure to high temperature of 800 °C.
Effect of Polypropylene Macro-Fiber on Properties of High-Strength Concrete at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Niu Xu Jing , Zhao Qing Xin , Nie Ying
Published: October 2014

After being subjected to different elevated temperatures, ranging between 200 °C and 800 °C, the flexural strength, matrix mass loss rate and water absorption of polypropylene (PP) macro-fiber reinforced high strength concrete (HSC) were investigated. Moreover, the internal damage of concrete was analyzed by the ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology. The results indicate that PP macro-fiber in HSC has an adverse effect on flexural strength, while the synergistic effect of hybrid fibers (PP micro-fiber plus PP macro-fiber) can minimize this effect. Compared with PP micro-fiber, PP macro-fiber is more effective in increasing the matrix mass loss rate and water absorption of HSC. However, if the dosage of PP macro-fiber is too high, the pressure relief channels formed by fibers melt will be too coarse, and the total porosity of HSC will be increased significantly. Finally, a mathematical model relating the damage degree to temperature was established based on the non-linear fitting of the experimental data.
Hodder Avenue Underpass: An Innovative Bridge Solution with Ultra-High Performance Fibre-Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Li Yang Eileen , Guo Liang , Rajlic Biljana , Murray Philip
Published: October 2014

The Hodder Avenue underpass – recipient of the Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute (PCI)’s Harry H. Edwards Industry Advancement Award – is a new highway bridge near Thunder Bay, Canada that utilized a modular construction approach facilitated by the extensive use of ultra-high performance fibre-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) to expedite construction, elevate aesthetic value and enhance quality and durability. Almost all structural components were precast in facilities and assembled on site using UHPFRC joints, which have compact geometries with less complexity, superior durability and strength. The precast elements include a unique UHPFRC pier cap and pier column shells, high performance concrete (HPC) box girders, sidewalks/parapet walls, abutment caps, ballast walls, slope paving panels and approach slabs. Aesthetically, the structure achieved a slender and open form with the use of shallow precast box girders and a unique pier cap visually and structurally integral with the superstructure. The cap beam was prestressed and precast fully with UHPFRC to overcome design challenges such as geometrical limitations and complex loading. The pier cap and girders were made composite using field-cast UHPFRC joints reinforced with stainless steel bars and threaded bolts. The pier columns also utilized a unique design with precast UHPFRC shells serving as an aesthetic stay-in-place form as well as a protective layer for the salt splashes during Thunder Bay’s harsh winter seasons.
Properties of Self-Compacting Concrete Incorporating Rubber and Expanded Clay Aggregates
Authors: Li Ning , Long Guang Cheng , Zhang Si Si
Published: October 2014

Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) incorporating a blend of normal aggregate and waste rubber or expanded clay aggregate were prepared in present paper. And then the properties of SCC incorporating combined aggregates in fresh state and hardened state, including workability, dynamic elastic modulus, compressive strength and chloride ion permeability were investigated by experiments. Results indicate that utilization of rubber particles as a fine aggregate or expanded clay particles as a coarse aggregate by partially replacing sand or coarse aggregate of the same volume can successfully produce the SCC with suitable workability. The addition of rubber or expanded clay particles results in a remarkable reduction of mechanical strength and dynamic elastic modulus of SCC. And the compressive strength and dynamic elastic modulus of SCC with expanded clay aggregate replacing coarse aggregate is higher than that of SCC with the same volume rubber replacing sand. The incorporation of rubber or expanded clay aggregate in concrete exhibits a reduction in chloride ion permeability as compared to normal concrete. It is of great importance for further understanding the effect of waste rubber and expanded clay aggregate on workability, mechanical properties and durability of SCC.
Insulating and Strength Properties of an Aerogel-Incorporated Mortar Based an UHPC Formulations
Authors: Ng Serina , Sandberg Linn Ingunn Christie , Jelle Bjørn Petter
Published: October 2014

With the increasing attention towards energy-efficient and zero emission buildings, improvement to concrete properties is becoming more and more significant in construction and building sectors. One such area is to enhance the thermal properties, while maintaining maximum strength of the material. Here, attempts were made to address this challenge by formulating mortar composites with low thermal conductivity while targeting a minimum compressive strength of 20 MPa at 28 days. For this purpose, aerogel was utilized in an ultrahigh performance concrete (UHPC) formulation to create new aerogel-incorporated mortar (AIM). It was found that AIMs possessing 50 vol% aerogel registered a compressive strength of 20 MPa, while displaying a thermal conductivity of ~ 0.55 W/(mK). By adding more aerogel to reach 70 vol%, while the thermal conductivity of the concrete decreased by ~ 20 %, a sharp decrease in strength to 5.8 MPa was observed. This represents only 1/30 of the original strength of the UHPC mortar. Further addition of aerogel till 80 vol% showed negligible compressive strength, attributing to the imbalance of the particle-matrix ratio in the mortar system, causing a decrease in adhesion of the binder-aggregates.
Internal Relative Humidity and Drying Shrinkage of Lightweight Aggregate Concrete
Authors: Zheng Xiu Hua , Zhai Yu Feng , Zhan Shi Zuo , Song Shu Jie
Published: October 2014

In this paper, the influence of water cement ratio, prewetting degree of lightweight aggregate, flyash content and air content on the internal relative humidity (IRH) and drying shrinkage of lightweight aggregate concrete (LAC) were studied using a relative humidity sensor and drying shrinkage apparatus. Results showed that the IRH of concrete decreased rapidly at early age and slowed down at late age, and prewetting lightweight aggregate could compensate the loss of IRH. The effect of compensation could be enhanced with the increasing of prewetting degree of lightweight aggregate, and the addition of flyash retarded the decrease of IRH at early age. The drying shrinkage of LAC increased quickly at early stage and it slowed down to the even after 60 days or longer age. Furthermore, the drying shrinkage of LAC increased with increasing of water cement ratio. The effect of air content on the drying shrinkage of LAC was limited at early stage. However, at the late stage it grew at different level with increasing of air content. By raising the prewetting degree of lightweight aggregate, mixing with proper dosage of flyash, the shrinkage rate of LAC can be reduced markedly. Key words: lightweight aggregate concrete, internal relative humidity, drying shrinkage, prewetting degree, flyash.
Research on the Proportion of Inorganic Binder Stabilize Materials with Soda Residue
Authors: Guo Wen Ying , Zheng Mei Ru , Yang Yi Bo , Wang Heng Chang
Published: October 2014

The soda residue pollutes the environment because of high contents of alkali ion and choleric ion in it. So how to treat the soda residue is an urgent problem to be solved. The mineral admixtures are added in traditional inorganic binder to improve the strength performance of inorganic binder stabilized materials and decrease the negative effect of soda residue is studied. And the results as followings: (1) Soda residue has different activated effect on mineral admixture; (2) Mineral admixture replace the cement with same dosage can improve the unconfined compressive strength greatly to meet the requirement of standard; (3) The choleric ion leaching rates of cement-mineral admixture-soda residue stabilized stone chip decrease with time. Mineral admixture has a better immobilization effect on the chloride ion except fly ash before 90d; (4) Ground granular blast-furnance slag is the best material to improve the strength performance of inorganic binder stabilized materials and decreases the negative effect of soda residue.
Experimental Research on the Evaluation Method of the Resistance to Chloride Ion Penetration of Autoclaved PHC Pile
Authors: Yang Yi Bo , Lai Zhao Qiong , Ai Li Tao , Guo Wen Ying , Huang Hong Jian , Wang Heng Chang
Published: October 2014

The usage of autoclaved PHC pile in chloride environment becomes common, so how to evaluate the resistance to chloride ion penetration of autoclaved PHC pile becomes urgent. This article Compare the resistance to chloride ion penetration of pile and pile concrete specimens based the Rapid Chloride Migration Synthesis Method and RCM. The results show that the Rapid Chloride Migration Synthesis Method is not suitable for pile, RCPT and RCM are suitable for pile; the resistance to chloride ion penetration of the pile inner and outer lateral concrete has a rather large different, so the sample must distinguish the direction when testing. Steel bar has little influence on the resistance to chloride ion penetration of autoclaved PHC pile, and the resistance to chloride ion penetration of pile outer lateral concrete is similar with pile concrete specimen, using pile concrete specimen to test the resistance to chloride ion penetration of autoclaved PHC pile is suitable. The chloride diffusion coefficient values have a good relationship with the electricity value, using the electricity value of square pile concrete specimen as commonly quality control way are suggested. The resistance to chloride ion penetration of pile can test the outer lateral concrete of pile or pile head, using the electricity value as daily quality control method and basis for project acceptance, and using RCM method as life assessment and basis for project acceptance.
The Structure of Glutinous-Lime Mortar: A Fuzzy Fractal System
Authors: Yang Hua Shan , Che Yu Jun , Liao Zhen , Lan Tian
Published: October 2014

The glutinous rice-lime mortar (M_GRL) is a high performance organic-inorganic composite, which has been commonly used as a building material since ancient times in China. However, the knowledge of nonlinear structure of M_GRL is limited. In this work, the nonlinear structure of traditional M_GRL was investigated. The particle size distribution (PSD) of fine and micro-aggregate were evaluated by fuzzy fractal set. The microstructure of M_GRL were tested by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis. Results shown that the structure of M_GRL is a fuzzy fractal system. And the fuzzy fractal dimension of the system is correlated to the fracture resistance of M_GRL.
Relationship between Fiber Orientation and Flexural Strength in Ultra-High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Panels
Authors: Zhou Bo , Uchida Yuichi
Published: October 2014

In this study, the influence of fiber orientation on the flexural strength of ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) was examined. To this end, a circular UHPFRC panel measuring φ1,200 × 50 mm was cast from its center, and test specimens measuring 50 × 50 × 200 mm with 10 mm notches for three-point bending tests were cut from it with angles of 0, 30, 60 and 90° between the specimen axis and the radial direction of the panel. After the bending test, fiber orientation on the ruptured surfaces of the specimens was observed. The flexural strengths of the specimens cut at angles of 60, 30 and 0° were 80, 40 and 10% of that for the specimen cut at an angle of 90°. It was also found that the flexural strength of specimens cut from a rectangular panel cast from its center point depended on their original positions and orientation within the panel. Similar fiber orientation characteristics were found in the circular and rectangular panels.
Adsorption Characteristics of Impregnated Adsorbent for Mercury Removal
Authors: Kim Yea Seul , Lee Woo Keun
Published: October 2014

Significant amounts of fluorescent light have been discarded every year. Mercury is released into the atmosphere in the recycling process of it, if improperly treated. The adsorption method is used to remove mercury discharged from the recycling step of fluorescent light.We studied the impregnation condition of adsorbent made from sewage sludge. And also adsorption characteristics of mercury were evaluated by impregnated adsorbent.According to our results, the adsorption efficiency of mercury was increased by impregnating adsorbent with chlorine and iodine. The adsorption capacity was described by Langmuir isotherm model.
Density Functional Theory Study of the Interaction of Nitric Oxide with 3D Transition Metal Dimers
Authors: Nie Jing , Li Rui Jie , He Li Jun , Li Jin
Published: October 2014

Density-functional theory (DFT) has been used to calculate the interaction of nitric oxide with 3d metal dimers (scandium through zinc) and determine the ground-state geometrical configurations and vibrational frequencies. Results are compared to the relevant experimental values and to other theoretical investigations when available, and the overall agreement has been obtained. On going from left to right side of the Periodic Table, the preference for the coordination mode of NO to transition-metal dimers is from side-on-bonded mode (Sc, Ti, V), via semibridging (Cr), to end-on-bonded mode (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu). The N-O stretching vibrational frequencies in the ground states of M2NO (M = Sc to Zn) increase generally from the left to the right side of the Periodic Table, whereas the N-O bond lengths decrease generally. The binding energies exhibit an overall decrease trend. These general trends in the interaction of nitric oxide with 3d metal dimers mirror the main features of NO adsorption on transition metal surfaces.
Fabrication and Fracture Characteristics of AlN/Ni Laminated Composites
Authors: Jin Hai Yun , Jin Pu , Li Yu Feng , He Bo , Gao Nai Kui , Wang Yong Lan
Published: October 2014

The AlN/Ni laminated composites were fabrication by plasma activated sintering. In the composites, the AlN layers were matrix layers and the Ni layers were as the toughening layers. The microstructure and mechanical properties were studied. XRD and SEM results showed that there was no new phase generated during sintering. The composites were strengthened by the metal Ni layer.
Fabrication of FRP Spacers of Insulating Glass for Energy-Saving Eco-Friendly Home
Authors: Kang Seung Gu , Han Manh Yong , Lee Yu Na
Published: October 2014

The FRP(fiber reinforced plastics) spacer was fabricated to enhance the heat blocking and mechanical properties of insulating glass for energy-saving eco-friendly home. The fiber volume percent in ABS(acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene) matrix was chosen as a main controlling factor. The various properties of FRP spaces were evaluated such as 3-point bending strength, thermal conductivity, and water absorption rate. And the aging test was performed at various temperatures for the spacer immersed in water. In conclusion, the optimum fiber volume percent, 25wt% of spacer was found that is enough for handling in construction process and appropriate for blocking the heat loss through the insulating glass window.
Preparation of Titanium Coating on Alumina Foam by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Sang Ke Zheng , He Lin , Hui Xin Gang , Zhang Yong , Yang Jian Feng
Published: October 2014

A metal titanium coating was prepared in alumina foam by chemical vapor deposition method. The phase composition of the coating was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The coverage of the coating on the alumina foam was analyzed by both optical and scanning electron microscope (SEM) with energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results showed that the obtained titanium coating had a high purity, and showed a good coverage and uniform distribution on the skeleton surface of the foam. The skeleton surface became smooth due to coverage of the tiny holes and cracks by the coating.
Potential of Tourmaline/Chitosan Fiber for Wound Dressing
Authors: Zhao Kai , Li Jun Feng , Li Yu Bao , Tang Xi , Zou Qin
Published: October 2014

The novel tourmaline/chitosan (Tur/CS) composite fibers were successfully prepared by solution spinning method. The fibers had the diameter of 200-300μm.Tur particles were distributed evenly inside the composite fibers. The crystal structure of CS was not remarkable changed except of the crystallinity decreasing. Then L929 cells were co-cultured on the composite fibers to access the cytotoxicity in vitro.Suitable mass ration of Tur/CS composite fibers were found to be the most promising matrix for the attachment and spreading of the L929 cells. This novel fiber can be used as potential wound dressings for skin regeneration.
The Study on Welding HAZ Microstructure of SAF 2507 Duplex Stainless Steel by Simulation Tests
Authors: Tao Ren Long , Liu Jie , Fan Guang Wei , Chang Xu
Published: October 2014

Thermal simulation by GLEEBLE3800 is adopted to obtain the simulated welding HAZ microstructures in SAF 2507 duplex stainless steel with the GLEEBLE3800 thermal simulation machine. The simulation peak temperatures are 800oC, 900oC, 950oC, 1000oC, 1050oC and 1100oC, The cooling velocities are t12/8=3.6s, 7s, 20s and 40s (t12/8 is cooling time of 1200oC to 800oC which is used to describe the cooling rate). The results indicate that the peak temperatures have significant influence on the microstructures of austenite and ferrite. At 900oC, the content of σ phase precipitation reaches the maximum, which is distributed mainly in α or at α/γ junction. When the temperature is set above 1050oC, the σ phase disappears. A faster cooling rate passing through 800~1050oC is required to avoid brittle σ phase precipitation.
Characterization of High Speed Steel Billets Fabricated by Electro-Slag Rapid Remelting Method
Authors: Moon Jung Ho , Ha Tae Kwon
Published: October 2014

M2 steels, the typical Co-free high speed steel (HSS) possessing hardness level of 63~65 HRc, are most widely used for cutting tools. On the other hand, Co-containing HSS’s, such as M35 and M42, show a higher hardness level of 65~67 HRc and used for high quality cutting tools. In the fabrication of HSS’s, it is very important to control cleanliness and eutectic carbide structure of the ingot and it is required to increase productivity at the same time. Production of HSS ingots includes a variety of processes such as casting, electro-slag remelting (ESR), forging, blooming, and wire rod rolling processes. In the present study, electro-slag rapid remelting (ESRR) process, an advanced ESR process combined by continuous casting, was successfully employed to fabricate HSS billets of M2, M35, and M42 steels. Distribution and structure of eutectic carbides of the billets were analysed and cleanliness, hardness, and composition profile of the billets were also evaluated.
Cutting Analysis of 3-Layer Laminated Plate
Authors: Kim Key Sun
Published: October 2014

This paper is a study on cutting analysis of three-layer laminated plates after machining. The outer layers of the milled object were stainless steel and Cr-Mo steel plates, sandwiching a middle layer of aluminum plate. As for the tool, the cylindrical cutter used for groove making was chosen as the model. Analysis was performed in two-dimensional plane mode. As for analysis results, the change in chip shape according to cutting tool travel distance was shown in a series of diagrams, and the cutting temperature, strain rate and required cutting force, etc., were found. It is expected that these results can be utilized in machining processes and work conditions for the machining of multi-layer structures made of layers of different materials.
Thermocatalytic Degradation of Low Density Polyethylene Films at Artificial Aging Treatment under Lower Temperature
Authors: Zhang Si Zhao , Luo Xue Guang , Ding Feng , Li Ke , Lin Xiao Yan , Zhu Gao Long
Published: October 2014

Low density polyethylene (LDPE) films added thermal catalyst were investigated at artificial aging time of 0, 10, 20, and 30 days, respectively. The samples obtained were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), gel permeation chromatograph (GPC) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). It shows that the surface of film was destroyed via thermocatalytic reactions at lower temperature. In addition, the changes of chemical groups were also observed in the thermocatalytic degradation process. Thus, the validation to the thermocatalytic route has been confirmed over lower temperature excitation. It is hoped that our work may provide a new insight into the degradation of polymeric films at lower temperature.
Combined Benefit of Prediction and Treatment: A Criterion for Evaluating Clinical Prediction Models
Authors: Billheimer Dean , Gerner Eugene W. , McLaren Christine E. , LaFleur Bonnie
Published: October 2014

Clinical treatment decisions rely on prognostic evaluation of a patient's future health outcomes. Thus, predictive models under different treatment options are key factors for making good decisions. While many criteria exist for judging the statistical quality of a prediction model, few are available to measure its clinical utility. As a consequence, we may find that the addition of a clinical covariate or biomarker improves the statistical quality of the model, but has little effect on its clinical usefulness. We focus on the setting where a treatment decision may reduce a patient's risk of a poor outcome, but also comes at a cost; this may be monetary, inconvenience, or the potential side effects. This setting is exemplified by cancer chemoprevention, or the use of statins to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. We propose a novel approach to assessing a prediction model using a formal decision analytic framework. We combine the predictive model's ability to discriminate good from poor outcome with the net benefit afforded by treatment. In this framework, reduced risk is balanced against the cost of treatment. The relative cost–benefit of treatment provides a useful index to assist patient decisions. This index also identifies the relevant clinical risk regions where predictive improvement is needed. Our approach is illustrated using data from a colorectal adenoma chemoprevention trial.
Prototheca wickerhamii Cutaneous and Systemic Infections
Authors: Chou Deng-Wei , Chung Kuo-Mou , Lee Chao-Tai
Published: October 2014

Prototheca wickerhamii, an environmental alga, rarely causes human infections. We present a case of Prototheca wickerhamii cutaneous and systemic infections in an 85-year-old male with adrenal insufficiency. This organism was identified by morphological features and microbiological tests. The patient was successfully treated with ketoconazole.
Environmental Regulation of a Global Pollution Externality in a Bilateral Trade Framework: The Case of Global Warming, China and the US
Authors: Gwatipedza Johnson , Barbier Edward B.
Published: October 2014

Bilateral trade and capital flows have increased substantially between the United States and China yielding economic gains to both countries. However, these beneficial bilateral relations also bring about global environmental consequences including greenhouse gas emissions. We develop a footloose capital model of international trade between the North (United States) and the South (China) in the presence of a global pollution externality. Each country’s share of global pollution depends on its share of world capital. We show that, if the disutility of pollution in the United States is high, there will be pressure on the US to raise environmental regulations on industry. Capital will move to China. Because the increased pollution in China has global effects, the US may not benefit from the environmental restrictions and a joint regulation of pollution by both parties may be a preferred outcome. We also show that the implementation of differential control policies by the parties may also be optimal.
Quantitative Analysis of Criteria in University Building Maintenance in Malaysia
Authors: Abdul-Lateef Olanrewaju Ashola
Published: October 2014

University buildings are a significant part of university assets and considerable resources are committed to their design, construction and maintenance. The core of maintenance management is to optimize productivity and user satisfaction with optimum resources. An important segment in the maintenance management system is the analysis of criteria that influence building maintenance. Therefore, this paper aims to identify quantify, rank and discuss the criteria that influence maintenance costs, maintenance backlogs, productivity and user satisfaction in Malaysian university buildings. The paper reviews the related literature and presents the outcomes of a questionnaire survey. Questionnaires were administered on 50 university maintenance organizations. Thirty-one criteria were addressed to the university maintenance organizations to evaluate the degree to which each of the criteria influences building maintenance management. With a 66% response rate, it was concluded that the consideration of the criteria is critical to the university building maintenance management system. The quality of components and materials, budget constraints and the age of the building were found to be the most influential criteria but information on user performance satisfaction, problems associated with in-house workforce and shortage of materials and components were the least influential criteria. The paper also outlined that maintenance management is a strategic function in university administration.
Building on Shaky Ground: Quality and Safety in China’s Construction Industry in the Wake of the Wenchuan and Yushu Earthquakes
Authors: Ting Michael
Published: October 2014

[In China, development of building regulations has largely been motivated by a desire to maintain the booming construction industry which has sustained strong economic growth. As a result, the government has fallen behind on ensuring quality and safety in residential housing projects. The devastation left by the Wenchuan and Yushu earthquakes was a grim reminder of this. This essay aims to draw out some of the regulatory mistakes that have been made and proposes solutions to the issues raised. Regulators must refocus their attention on protecting the public and lay the legislative groundwork for healthy development in the sector.]
Applications of Extensive Green-roof Systems in Contributing to Sustainable Development in Densely Populated Cities: a Hong Kong Study
Authors: Tam Vivian W. Y. , Zhang Xiaoling , Lee Winnie , Shen LY
Published: October 2014

Developed cities such as Hong Kong are usually densely populated. Since the land is limited, high-rise buildings are constructed. When the building height becomes higher, air flow is reduced and heat is trapped among high-rise buildings. Air temperature will be greatly increased and air pollution becomes a serious problem. This creates a walled building problem. To reduce air temperature caused by the wall-effects, various methods have been developed in the previous studies. One typical method is the use of green roof systems. The application of extensive green roofs on the existing building rooftops has been recommended in Hong Kong since 2001. The advantage of this practice is that no additional floor area is required and it can also improve urban greenery. Although a green roof system has been introduced and adopted in Hong Kong since 2001, the emphasis is mainly given to the application of intensive green roofs for podium garden instead of extensive green roofs. It is considered valuable and necessary of the extensive green roofs for the buildings. This paper investigates the current practice of using extensive green roofs in Hong Kong. The constraints in applying extensive green roofs are investigated, which leads to studying the solutions for mitigating these constraints and improving the future development of the implementation.
On-site Labour Productivity of New Zealand Construction Industry: Key Constraints and Improvement Measures
Authors: Durdyev Serdar , Mbachu Jasper
Published: October 2014

Productivity is key to the survival and growth of any organisation, industry or nation. Some factors constrain the achievement of the set project objectives in the New Zealand building and construction industry and are responsible for the reported steady decline of productivity and performance. This study aims to identify the key constraints to on-site labour productivity and improvement measures. Using the descriptive survey method, views of some project managers, contractors and subcontractors in New Zealand were canvassed via pilot interviews and questionnaire surveys at the qualitative and quantity data gathering stages, respectively. Multi-attribute technique was used to analyse the quantitative data. Results showed that the key external constraints to on-site labour productivity comprise, in order of decreasing impact, statutory compliance, unforeseen events and wider external dynamics. The internal constraints, which contribute 67 percent of the onsite productivity issues, comprise reworks, level of skill and experience of the workforce, adequacy of method of construction, buildability issues, and inadequate supervision and coordination. . The factors underlying each broad category of external and internal constraints are reported. The relative levels of impact of the identified constraints are expected to guide the project team in addressing the constraints in a cost-effective manner.