bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of anthocyans on the expression of organic anion transporting polypeptides (SLCOs/OATPs) in primary human hepatocytes
Authors: Riha Juliane , Brenner Stefan , Srovnalova Alzbeta , Klameth Lukas , Dvorak Zdenek , Jäger Walter , Thalhammer Theresia
Published: December 2014

Anthocyans (anthocyanins and their aglycones anthocyanidins) are colorful pigments, naturally occurring in fruits. Their influence on the expression of “liver-specific”SLCOs/OATPs was studied.
Enhanced extraction of bioactive natural products using tailor-made deep eutectic solvents: application to flavonoid extraction from Flos sophorae
Authors: Nam Min Woo , Zhao Jing , Lee Min Sang , Jeong Ji Hoon , Lee Jeongmi
Published: December 2014

Green and efficient extraction of natural products from biomass is considered an important area of interest in the pharmaceutical and biochemical industries.
Asymmetric hydrogenation in nanoreactors with encapsulated Rh-MonoPhos catalyst
Authors: Zhong Mingmei , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhao Yaopeng , Li Can , Yang Qihua
Published: December 2014

Encapsulated multicomponent catalyst, Rh-MonoPhos, in nanoreactors showed excellent catalytic activity in the asymmetric hydrogenation reactions.
In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the marine sponge skeleton as a bone mimicking biomaterial
Authors: Nandi Samit K. , Kundu Biswanath , Mahato Arnab , Thakur Narsinh L. , Joardar Siddhartha N. , Mandal Biman B.
Published: December 2014

This investigation was carried out to identify and characterize marine sponges as potential bioscaffolds in bone tissue engineering.
The natural product brartemicin is a high affinity ligand for the carbohydrate-recognition domain of the macrophage receptor mincle
Authors: Jacobsen Kristian M. , Keiding Ulrik B. , Clement Lise L. , Schaffert Eva S. , Rambaruth Neela D. S. , Johannsen Mogens , Drickamer Kurt , Poulsen Thomas B.
Published: December 2014

We demonstrate that the natural product brartemicin, a newly discovered inhibitor of cancer cell invasion, is a high-affinity ligand of the carbohydrate-recognition domain (CRD) of the C-type lectin mincle.
Multi-component one-pot reaction of aldehyde, hydroxylamine and sodium azide catalyzed by Cu-MCM-41 nanoparticles: a novel method for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazole derivatives
Authors: Abdollahi-Alibeik Mohammad , Moaddeli Ali
Published: December 2014

A new method was developed for the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles in the presence of copper modified MCM-41, as a heterogeneous and reusable nanostructured catalyst.
Leaching kinetics of cerussite using a new complexation reaction reagent
Authors: Wu Dandan , Wen Shuming , Deng Jiushuai
Published: December 2014

5-Sulfosalicylic acid can be developed for lead extraction from cerussite based on its complexation reaction with lead ions.
Decomposition of benzoylthioureas into benzamides and thiobenzamides under solvent-free conditions using iodine–alumina as the catalyst and its mechanistic study by density functional theory
Authors: Nahakpam Lokendrajit , Chipem Francis A. S. , Chingakham Brajakishor S. , Laitonjam Warjeet S.
Published: December 2014

Iodine–alumina catalyzed formation of benzamides and thiobenzamides through different paths by the microwave irradiation of benzoylthioureas.
Ionic liquids: anion effect on the reaction of O,O-diethyl O-(2,4-dinitrophenyl) phosphate triester with piperidine
Authors: Pavez Paulina , Millán Daniela , Cocq Cristian , Santos José G. , Nome Faruk
Published: December 2014

The ionic liquids can be considered as designer solvents in the titled reaction because by an appropriate choice of the anion it is possible to steer the selectivity of this reaction.
Structure evolution of nanoparticulate Fe2O3
Authors: Erlebach Andreas , Kurland Heinz-Dieter , Grabow Janet , Müller Frank A. , Sierka Marek
Published: December 2014

The atomic structure and properties of nanoparticulate Fe2O3are characterized starting from its smallest Fe2O3building unit through (Fe2O3)nclusters to nanometer-sized Fe2O3particles.
Synthesis of 4-substituted oxazolo[4,5-c]quinolines by direct reaction at the C-4 position of oxazoles
Authors: Akula Mahesh , Thigulla Yadagiri , Davis Connor , Jha Mukund , Bhattacharya Anupam
Published: December 2014

Cu(TFA)2 catalysed synthesis of 4-arylsubstituted oxazolo[4,5-c]quinolines/[1,8] naphthyridines has been described via a modified Pictet–Spengler method, without prefunctionalization of the unreactive 4th position of oxazoles.
Halogenated boron-dipyrromethenes: synthesis, properties and applications
Authors: Lakshmi Vellanki , Rajeswara Rao Malakalapalli , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: December 2014

Synthesis and properties of halogenated boron-dipyrromethenes and their applications in developing various BODIPY systems are described in this review.
Alterations in gut microflora populations and brush border functionality following intra-amniotic daidzein administration
Authors: Hartono Karen , Reed Spenser , Ankrah Naa Ayikarkor , Glahn Raymond P. , Tako Elad
Published: December 2014

Daidzein is an isoflavone found primarily in soybean and various soy-based products such as tofu.
Understanding the pathway of antibacterial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Meghana Surapaneni , Kabra Prachi , Chakraborty Swati , Padmavathy Nagarajan
Published: December 2014

This work investigates the role of oxidation state in the antibacterial activity of copper oxide nanoparticles (NPs).
A high-density nanowire electrode on paper for biomedical applications
Authors: Mostafalu P. , Sonkusale S.
Published: December 2014

Different types of nanowires made from platinum, nickel and copper are fabricated and patterned with microscale resolution on paper substrates and employed for biomedical applications.
Template-free synthesis of complicated double-wall Cu2O hollow spheres with enhanced visible photocatalytic activities
Authors: Ma Zhong-Chao , Wang Li-Min , Chu De-Qing , Sun Hong-Ming , Wang Ao-Xuan
Published: December 2014

In this study, complicated double-wall Cu2O hollow spheres have been successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal process in a ternary solvent system including water, ethanol and glycerol.
Photocatalytic organic degradation over W-rich and Cu-rich CuWO4 under UV and visible light
Authors: Chen Haihang , Xu Yiming
Published: December 2014

Cu-rich CuWO4 prepared at pH 8.5 and 600 °C was more active than other samples for organic degradation under visible light.
Structural lipid nanoparticles self-assembled from electrospun core–shell polymeric nanocomposites
Authors: Yu Deng-Guang , White Kenneth , Chatterton Nicholas , Li Ying , Li Lingling , Wang Xia
Published: December 2014

Electrospun core–sheath composite nanofibers are exploited as templates to manipulate molecular self-assembly for generating core–shell lipid nanoparticles.
One-step synthesis of nanohybrid carbon dots and TiO2 composites with enhanced ultraviolet light active photocatalysis
Authors: Li Fan , Tian Feng , Liu Changjun , Wang Zheng , Du Zhenjie , Li Ruixin , Zhang Li
Published: December 2014

Nano-hybrid composites of carbon dots (CDs) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were fabricated by a designed one-step solvothermal method.
Microwave synthesis of high luminescent aqueous CdSe/CdS/ZnS quantum dots for crystalline silicon solar cells with enhanced photovoltaic performance
Authors: Xuan Tong-Tong , Liu Jia-Qing , Li Hui-Li , Sun Heng-Chao , Pan Li-kun , Chen Xiao-Hong , Sun Zhuo
Published: December 2014

CdSe/CdS/ZnS QDs synthesized by microwave irradiation were first applied to Si solar cells to improve the conversion efficiency by 5.2%.
Assembly of thioether-containing rod-like liquid crystalline materials assisted by hydrogen-bonding terminal carboxyl groups
Authors: Arakawa Yuki , Kang Sungmin , Watanabe Junji , Konishi Gen-ichi
Published: December 2014

A hydrogen-bonding-tolane-based liquid crystalline material with an alkylsulfanyl group was synthesized, which exhibited a long-range correlated mesophase compared with analogs with alkyl and alkoxy groups.
Correction: Differential structural dynamics and antigenicity of two similar influenza H5N1 virus HA-specific HLA-A*0201-restricted CLT epitopes
Authors: Sun Yeping , Liu Qian , Jin Zhong
Published: December 2014

Correction for ‘Differential structural dynamics and antigenicity of two similar influenza H5N1 virus HA-specific HLA-A*0201-restricted CLT epitopes’ by Yeping Sun et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 2318–2327.
Mesoporous silica nanoparticles for 19F magnetic resonance imaging, fluorescence imaging, and drug delivery
Authors: Nakamura Tatsuya , Sugihara Fuminori , Matsushita Hisashi , Yoshioka Yoshichika , Mizukami Shin , Kikuchi Kazuya
Published: December 2014

We described perfluorocarbon encapsulated in mesoporous silica nanoparticles which enabled dual modal imaging (NIR/19F MRI) and drug delivery.
Morphological changes of amphiphilic molecular assemblies induced by chemical reactions
Authors: Nakagawa Koh M. , Noguchi Hiroshi
Published: December 2014

Shape transformations of amphiphilic molecular assemblies induced by chemical reactions are studied using coarse-grained molecular simulations.
Graphene nanosheets loaded with Pt nanoparticles with enhanced electrochemical performance for sodium–oxygen batteries
Authors: Zhang Sanpei , Wen Zhaoyin , Rui Kun , Shen Chen , Lu Yan , Yang Jianhua
Published: December 2014

Graphene nanosheets loaded with highly dispersed platinum nanoparticles (Pt@GNSs) are prepared by a simple and effective hydrothermal method.
Well-shaped Mn3O4 tetragonal bipyramids with good performance for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Li Taotao , Guo Chunli , Sun Bo , Li Ting , Li Yonggang , Hou Lifeng , Wei Yinghui
Published: December 2014

Well-shaped Mn3O4 tetragonal bipyramids with a high reversible capacity of 822.3 mA h g−1 are synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method without any surfactants or coordination compounds. The formation mechanism of the Mn3O4 tetragonal bipyramids is discussed from the view of crystallography.
Fabrication of ultralight three-dimensional graphene networks with strong electromagnetic wave absorption properties
Authors: Liu Weiwei , Li Hua , Zeng Qingping , Duan Huanan , Guo Yiping , Liu Xuefa , Sun Chongyang , Liu Hezhou
Published: December 2014

Thermally reduced graphene networks (TRGN) with low densities, less than 10 mg cm−3, were synthesized by thermal reduction of graphene oxide/poly(vinyl alcohol) networks.
Structure and function relationships in alkylammonium lead(ii) iodide solar cells
Authors: Safdari Majid , Fischer Andreas , Xu Bo , Kloo Lars , Gardner James M.
Published: December 2014

Alkylammonium lead(ii) iodide materials (APbI3), based on the general formula of CH3-(CH2)n-NH3PbI3, may lead to a monumental leap in developing affordable photovoltaics. Herein, we correlate the structure and function relationships of alkylammonium lead(ii) iodide in solar cells.
A three-dimensional amylopectin-reduced graphene oxide framework for efficient adsorption and removal of hemoglobin
Authors: Zhang Yue , Liu Jia-Wei , Chen Xu-Wei , Wang Jian-Hua
Published: December 2014

A three-dimensional amylopectin-graphene oxide framework (AP-rGO) exhibits excellent adsorption toward hemoglobin with a maximum adsorption capacity of 1010 mg g−1.
Quantum positron acoustic waves
Authors: Metref Hassina , Tribeche Mouloud
Published: December 2014

Nonlinear quantum positron-acoustic (QPA) waves are investigated for the first time, within the theoretical framework of the quantum hydrodynamic model. In the small but finite amplitude limit, both deformed Korteweg-de Vries and generalized Korteweg-de Vries equations governing, respectively, the dynamics of QPA solitary waves and double-layers are derived. Moreover, a full finite amplitude analysis is undertaken, and a numerical integration of the obtained highly nonlinear equations is carried out. The results complement our previously published results on this problem.
Rigid linear particles confined on a spherical surface: Phase diagram of nematic defect states
Authors: Liang Qin , Ye Shiwei , Zhang Pingwen , Chen Jeff Z. Y.
Published: December 2014

A thin film of liquid crystal confined on a spherical surface displays topological defects, as demonstrated by experimental observation of micron-sized double-emulsion droplets. Proposals have been made in practical applications to design novel materials by using these patterned textures. Recent phenomenological models and Monte Carlo computer simulations revealed organized defect structures with different characteristics. Here, we theoretically investigate the structure of the nematic ordering resulted from the excluded-volume interaction between rigid molecules confined on a spherical surface. The free-energy model follows a basic idea originally proposed by Onsager for studying a nematic fluid made of rigid particles. We tackle this fundamental model numerically to produce high-precision free-energy branches that enable structural determination.
Time-reversal symmetric resolution of unity without background integrals in open quantum systems
Authors: Hatano Naomichi , Ordonez Gonzalo
Published: December 2014

We present a new complete set of states for a class of open quantum systems, to be used in expansion of the Green’s function and the time-evolution operator. A remarkable feature of the complete set is that it observes time-reversal symmetry in the sense that it contains decaying states (resonant states) and growing states (anti-resonant states) parallelly. We can thereby pinpoint the occurrence of the breaking of time-reversal symmetry at the choice of whether we solve Schrödinger equation as an initial-condition problem or a terminal-condition problem. Another feature of the complete set is that in the subspace of the central scattering area of the system, it consists of contributions of all states with point spectra but does not contain any background integrals. In computing the time evolution, we can clearly see contribution of which point spectrum produces which time dependence. In the whole infinite state space, the complete set does contain an integral but it is over unperturbed eigenstates of the environmental area of the system and hence can be calculated analytically. We demonstrate the usefulness of the complete set by computing explicitly the survival probability and the escaping probability as well as the dynamics of wave packets. The origin of each term of matrix elements is clear in our formulation, particularly, the exponential decays due to the resonance poles.
The segmented non-uniform dielectric module design for uniformity control of plasma profile in a capacitively coupled plasma chamber
Authors: Xia Huanxiong , Xiang Dong , Yang Wang , Mou Peng
Published: December 2014

Low-temperature plasma technique is one of the critical techniques in IC manufacturing process, such as etching and thin-film deposition, and the uniformity greatly impacts the process quality, so the design for the plasma uniformity control is very important but difficult. It is hard to finely and flexibly regulate the spatial distribution of the plasma in the chamber via controlling the discharge parameters or modifying the structure in zero-dimensional space, and it just can adjust the overall level of the process factors. In the view of this problem, a segmented non-uniform dielectric module design solution is proposed for the regulation of the plasma profile in a CCP chamber. The solution achieves refined and flexible regulation of the plasma profile in the radial direction via configuring the relative permittivity and the width of each segment. In order to solve this design problem, a novel simulation-based auto-design approach is proposed, which can automatically design the positional sequence with multi independent variables to make the output target profile in the parameterized simulation model approximate the one that users preset. This approach employs an idea of quasi-closed-loop control system, and works in an iterative mode. It starts from initial values of the design variable sequences, and predicts better sequences via the feedback of the profile error between the output target profile and the expected one. It never stops until the profile error is narrowed in the preset tolerance.
Quantum valley Hall states and topological transitions in Pt(Ni, Pd)-decorated silicene: A first-principles study
Authors: Zhao Bao , Zhang Jiayong , Wang Yicheng , Yang Zhongqin
Published: December 2014

The electronic states and topological behaviors of Pt(Ni, Pd)-decorated silicene are investigated by using an ab-initio method. All the three kinds of the adatoms prefer hollow sites of the silicene, guaranteeing the Dirac cones unbroken. The Pt(Ni, Pd)-decorated silicene systems all present quantum valley Hall (QVH) states with the gap opened exactly at the Fermi level. The gaps of the QVH states can be increased substantially by applying a positive electric field. Very fascinating phase transitions from QVH to quantum spin Hall (QSH) and then to QVH again are achieved in the Pt/Ni-decorated silicene when a negative electric field is applied. The QSH state in the Pd case with a negative electric field is, however, quenched because of relatively larger Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) than the intrinsic SOC in the system. Our findings may be useful for the applications of silicene-based devices in valleytronics and spintronics.
Probing quantum and classical turbulence analogy in von Kármán liquid helium, nitrogen, and water experiments
Authors: Saint-Michel B. , Herbert E. , Salort J. , Baudet C. , Bon Mardion M. , Bonnay P. , Bourgoin M. , Castaing B. , Chevillard L. , Daviaud F. , Diribarne P. , Dubrulle B. , Gagne Y. , Gibert M. , Girard A. , Hébral B. , Lehner Th. , Rousset B. ,   SHREK Collaboration
Published: December 2014

We report measurements of the dissipation in the Superfluid helium high REynold number von Kármán flow experiment for different forcing conditions. Statistically steady flows are reached; they display a hysteretic behavior similar to what has been observed in a 1:4 scale water experiment. Our macroscopical measurements indicate no noticeable difference between classical and superfluid flows, thereby providing evidence of the same dissipation scaling laws in the two phases. A detailed study of the evolution of the hysteresis cycle with the Reynolds number supports the idea that the stability of the steady states of classical turbulence in this closed flow is partly governed by the dissipative scales. It also supports the idea that the normal and the superfluid components at these temperatures (1.6 K) are locked down to the dissipative length scale.
Optic cavitation with CW lasers: A review
Authors: Padilla-Martinez J. P. , Berrospe-Rodriguez C. , Aguilar G. , Ramirez-San-Juan J. C. , Ramos-Garcia R.
Published: December 2014

The most common method to generate optic cavitation involves the focusing of short-pulsed lasers in a transparent liquid media. In this work, we review a novel method of optic cavitation that uses low power CW lasers incident in highly absorbing liquids. This novel method of cavitation is called thermocavitation. Light absorbed heats up the liquid beyond its boiling temperature (spinodal limit) in a time span of microseconds to milliseconds (depending on the optical intensity). Once the liquid is heated up to its spinodal limit (∼300 °C for pure water), the superheated water becomes unstable to random density fluctuations and an explosive phase transition to vapor takes place producing a fast-expanding vapor bubble. Eventually, the bubble collapses emitting a strong shock-wave. The bubble is always attached to the surface taking a semi-spherical shape, in contrast to that produced by pulsed lasers in transparent liquids, where the bubble is produced at the focal point. Using high speed video (105 frames/s), we study the bubble’s dynamic behavior. Finally, we show that heat diffusion determines the water superheated volume and, therefore, the amplitude of the shock wave. A full experimental characterization of thermocavitation is described.
Basic characterization of TORPEX electrostatic modes in closed field line configurations
Authors: Avino F. , Fasoli A. , Furno I. , Jolliet S. , Ricci P.
Published: December 2014

Electrostatic coherent modes are studied in the TORPEX device [Fasoli et al., Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 52, 124020 (2010)], in closed flux surfaces. The accessibility to this magnetic geometry is provided by a current-carrying in-vessel toroidal conductor developed to generate a poloidal magnetic field [Avino et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 033506 (2014)]. The background plasma parameters are measured, and the ion saturation current fluctuations are characterized in terms of power spectral density to identify the dominant coherent modes and their spatial localization. A statistical approach is implemented to determine the mode spectral properties by computing the statistical dispersion relation. The poloidal wave number kθ and the toroidal wave number kϕ are obtained, as well as the corresponding mode numbers. A three-dimensional linear code based on the drift-reduced Braginskii equations is used to investigate the nature of the instabilities. The linear analysis suggests a dominant ballooning character of the modes.
Quantitative relationship between interfacial misfit and in-plane grain size of ZnO film
Authors: Cao Shan Peng , Ye Fei , Xu Ai Yan , Zhang Xiang Yu , Bai Fei Ming
Published: December 2014

The in-plane grain sizes of ZnO films deposited on Si (100), (110), and (111) substrates have been investigated to quantitatively understand the relationship between the grain size and the interfacial misfit. The mean in-plane grain sizes at the latter stage of island growth in the vicinity of the interfaces are measured to be 5.6 nm, 6.5 nm, and 5.0 nm, respectively. At the initial stage of continuous film formation, the grain sizes increase and the grains of the films on Si (100) and (110) substrates elongate in [21¯1¯0] ZnO direction. These grain sizes are dominated by the interfacial misfit and the elastic strain energy at the interfaces. Then, the grain sizes at the latter stage of island growth and the initial stage of continuous film formation are explained by the O-lattice calculation and the interfacial energy calculation, respectively. The calculated grain sizes are consistent with the observations.
Influence of alloy disorder scattering on the hole mobility of SiGe nanowires
Authors: Martinez-Blanque Celso , Ruiz Francisco G. , Godoy Andres , Marin Enrique G. , Donetti Luca , Gámiz Francisco
Published: December 2014

In this work, we analyze the influence of the alloy disorder (AD) scattering on the low-field hole mobility of Si1-xGex nanowires (NWs). To do it, the electrostatic description is achieved through a self-consistent solution of the Poisson equation and the six-band k⋅p method in the cross section of the NW. The momentum relaxation time approximation is used to calculate the hole mobility, including alloy disorder and phonon scattering mechanisms, and the use of approximations to calculate the overlap integrals for the scattering matrix elements is discussed. We study the influence of the alloy disorder scattering on the total mobility compared to the phonon contribution, for different values of the AD scattering parameter proposed in the literature, and analyze the performance of SiGe NWs as a function of the Ge molar fraction for both low and high inversion charge densities.
Electron parallel closures for arbitrary collisionality
Authors: Ji Jeong-Young , Held Eric D.
Published: December 2014

Electron parallel closures for heat flow, viscosity, and friction force are expressed as kernel-weighted integrals of thermodynamic drives, the temperature gradient, relative electron-ion flow velocity, and flow-velocity gradient. Simple, fitted kernel functions are obtained for arbitrary collisionality from the 6400 moment solution and the asymptotic behavior in the collisionless limit. The fitted kernels circumvent having to solve higher order moment equations in order to close the electron fluid equations. For this reason, the electron parallel closures provide a useful and general tool for theoretical and computational models of astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.
Design, fabrication, and properties of 2-2 connectivity cement/polymer based piezoelectric composites with varied piezoelectric phase distribution
Authors: Dongyu Xu , Xin Cheng , Banerjee Sourav , Shifeng Huang
Published: December 2014

The laminated 2-2 connectivity cement/polymer based piezoelectric composites with varied piezoelectric phase distribution were fabricated by employing Lead Zirconium Titanate ceramic as active phase, and mixture of cement powder, epoxy resin, and hardener as matrix phase with a mass proportion of 4:4:1. The dielectric, piezoelectric, and electromechanical coupling properties of the composites were studied. The composites with large total volume fraction of piezoelectric phase have large piezoelectric strain constant and relative permittivity, and the piezoelectric and dielectric properties of the composites are independent of the dimensional variations of the piezoelectric ceramic layer. The composites with small total volume fraction of piezoelectric phase have large piezoelectric voltage constant, but also large dielectric loss. The composite with gradually increased dimension of piezoelectric ceramic layer has the smallest dielectric loss, and that with the gradually increased dimension of matrix layer has the largest piezoelectric voltage constant. The novel piezoelectric composites show potential applications in fabricating ultrasonic transducers with varied surface vibration amplitude of the transducer.
Enhancement of multiferroic properties in Y-doped Co2MnO4 spinel
Authors: Han Tai-Chun , Pan Sheng-Shiang , Liu Yuan-Hsun
Published: December 2014

In this work, we have synthesized a series of YxCo2−xMnO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) samples and study the effect of Y-doping on their structural, magnetic, and electric properties. All the samples have the cubic spinel structure with Fd3m space group. The magnetic characterization indicates that with increasing Y-content up to 0.2, the ferrimagnetic transition temperature increases from 180 to 186 K. Our experiment results also indicate that the Y-doped samples exhibit the characteristics of ferroelectricity at room temperature. Furthermore, Y substitution in Co2MnO4 spinel brings in the balance of structural distortion and magnetic exchange interaction, which affects both ferrimagnetism and ferroelectricity. And, these Y-doped Co2MnO4 spinel samples can be eventually utilized for the applications of multiferroic devices.
Chaotic vortex induced vibrations
Authors: Zhao J. , Leontini J. S. , Lo Jacono D. , Sheridan J.
Published: December 2014

This study investigates the nature of the dynamic response of an elastically mounted cylinder immersed in a free stream. A novel method is utilized, where the motion of the body during a free vibration experiment is accurately recorded, and then a second experiment is conducted where the cylinder is externally forced to follow this recorded trajectory. Generally, the flow response during both experiments is identical. However, particular regimes exist where the flow response is significantly different. This is taken as evidence of chaos in these regimes.
Electric field modulation of thermovoltage in single-layer MoS2
Authors: Dobusch Lukas , Furchi Marco M. , Pospischil Andreas , Mueller Thomas , Bertagnolli Emmerich , Lugstein Alois
Published: December 2014

We study electric field modulation of the thermovoltage in single-layer MoS2. The Seebeck coefficient generally increases for a diminishing free carrier concentration, and in the case of single-layer MoS2 reaches considerable large values of about S = −5160 μV/K at a resistivity of 490 Ω m. Further, we observe time dependent degradation of the conductivity in single layer MoS2, resulting in variations of the Seebeck coefficient. The degradation is attributable to adsorbates from ambient air, acting as p-dopants and additional Coulomb potentials, resulting in carrier scattering increase, and thus decrease of the electron mobility. The corresponding power factors remain at moderate levels, due to the low conductivity of single layer MoS2. However, as single-layer MoS2 has a short intrinsic phonon mean free path, resulting in low thermal conductivity, MoS2 holds great promise as high-performance 2D thermoelectric material.
Magneto-Seebeck effect in spin-valve with in-plane thermal gradient
Authors: Jain S. , Lam D. D. , Bose A. , Sharma H. , Palkar V. R. , Tomy C. V. , Suzuki Y. , Tulapurkar A. A.
Published: December 2014

We present measurements of magneto-Seebeck effect on a spin valve with in-plane thermal gradient. We measured open circuit voltage and short circuit current by applying a temperature gradient across a spin valve stack, where one of the ferromagnetic layers is pinned. We found a clear hysteresis in these two quantities as a function of magnetic field. From these measurements, the magneto-Seebeck effect was found to be same as magneto-resistance effect.
Methane in Australian agriculture: current emissions, sources and sinks, and potential mitigation strategies
Authors: Finn Damien , Dalal Ram , Klieve Athol
Published: December 2014

Methane is a potent greenhouse gas with a global warming potential ~28 times that of carbon dioxide. Consequently, sources and sinks that influence the concentration of methane in the atmosphere are of great interest. In Australia, agriculture is the primary source of anthropogenic methane emissions (60.4% of national emissions, or 3 260 kt–1 methane year–1, between 1990 and 2011), and cropping and grazing soils represent Australia’s largest potential terrestrial methane sink. As of 2011, the expansion of agricultural soils, which are ~70% less efficient at consuming methane than undisturbed soils, to 59% of Australia’s land mass (456 Mha) and increasing livestock densities in northern Australia suggest negative implications for national methane flux. Plant biomass burning does not appear to have long-term negative effects on methane flux unless soils are converted for agricultural purposes. Rice cultivation contributes marginally to national methane emissions and this fluctuates depending on water availability. Significant available research into biological, geochemical and agronomic factors has been pertinent for developing effective methane mitigation strategies. We discuss methane-flux feedback mechanisms in relation to climate change drivers such as temperature, atmospheric carbon dioxide and methane concentrations, precipitation and extreme weather events. Future research should focus on quantifying the role of Australian cropping and grazing soils as methane sinks in the national methane budget, linking biodiversity and activity of methane-cycling microbes to environmental factors, and quantifying how a combination of climate change drivers will affect total methane flux in these systems.
Increased lyrebird presence in a post-fire landscape
Authors: Doty Anna , Stawski Clare , Nowack Julia , Bondarenco Artiom , Geiser Fritz
Published: December 2014

Prescribed fires for fuel reduction affect wildlife in several ways. We observed a marked increase in superb lyrebird (Menura novaehollandiae) numbers after a controlled burn in Guy Fawkes River National Park, New South Wales, in April and May 2014. The fire occurred during the winter breeding season; however, congregations of males were often seen together in the burnt landscape, indicating an opportunistic prioritisation of foraging. The low-intensity fire cleared brush and low-level vegetation, thus decreasing foraging effort and potentially attracting the species despite the need to seek mating partners. Controlled burns therefore have the potential to attract superb lyrebirds immediately after fire due to ease of movement and foraging effort.
Carbonate formation events in ALH 84001 trace the evolution of the Martian atmosphere
Authors: Shaheen Robina , Niles Paul B. , Chong Kenneth , Corrigan Catherine M. , Thiemens Mark H.
Published: December 2014

Significance

Martian meteorite ALH 84001 serves as a witness plate to the history of the Martian climate ∼4 Ga ago. This study describes ion microprobe δ
18
O analyses coupled with δ
13
C, δ
18
O, and Δ
17
O analyses from stepped acid dissolution of the meteorite that identifies a new carbonate phase with distinct isotope compositions. These new measurements of the oxygen isotope composition of carbonates within this meteorite reveal several episodes of aqueous activity that were strongly influenced by atmospheric chemistry. When paired with carbon isotope measurements, these data suggest that the ancient atmosphere of Mars was significantly depleted in
13
C compared to the present day. This implies substantial enrichment in the δ
13
C of the atmosphere since the Noachian which may have occurred through extensive atmospheric loss.
Bag6 complex contains a minimal tail-anchor–targeting module and a mock BAG domain
Authors: Mock Jee-Young , Chartron Justin William , Zaslaver Ma’ayan , Xu Yue , Ye Yihong , Clemons William Melvon
Published: December 2014

Significance

Quality control of proteins is critical to cellular homeostasis. The BCL2-associated athanogene cochaperone 6 (Bag6) complex, which contains Bag6, transmembrane domain recognition complex 35 (TRC35), and ubiquitin-like 4A (Ubl4A), plays an essential role in targeting transmembrane domains either to the endoplasmic reticulum or degradation. Bag6 is a central hub for numerous activities, functionally linked to an array of cellular pathways, from immunoregulation to apoptosis. Here we define the molecular architecture of this heterotrimer, revealing distinct binding sites on Bag6 for TRC35 and Ubl4A. The truncated Bag6 complex defined in this study is sufficient to facilitate substrate transfer from small glutamine-rich tetratricopeptide repeat-containing protein α (SGTA) to TCR40. In addition, structural and biochemical characterization of the BAG domain of Bag6 demonstrate that it is not a canonical BAG domain.
No evidence for intracellular magnetite in putative vertebrate magnetoreceptors identified by magnetic screening
Authors: Edelman Nathaniel B. , Fritz Tanja , Nimpf Simon , Pichler Paul , Lauwers Mattias , Hickman Robert W. , Papadaki-Anastasopoulou Artemis , Ushakova Lyubov , Heuser Thomas , Resch Guenter P. , Saunders Martin , Shaw Jeremy A. , Keays David A.
Published: December 2014

Significance

The list of animals that use the Earth’s magnetic field as a navigation tool is long and diverse; however, the cells responsible for transducing magnetic information into a neuronal impulse have not been discovered. One hypothesis argues that these cells use an iron oxide called magnetite (Fe
3
O
4
). Here, we use a “magnetoscope” coupled with single-cell correlative light and electron microscopy to identify candidate magnetoreceptors in the pigeon and trout. We report that a small percentage of cells in both species appear to have large magnetic moments, but they do not contain biogenic magnetite. Our work illustrates the need for technological innovation if the true magnetoreceptors are to be found.
Stochastic approach to the molecular counting problem in superresolution microscopy
Authors: Rollins Geoffrey C. , Shin Jae Yen , Bustamante Carlos , Pressé Steve
Published: December 2014

Significance

Large and complex macromolecular assemblies—like RNA and DNA polymerases, the kinetochore, the ribosome, ATP synthase, and many others—are critical components of the cell. To fully characterize these molecular machines, it is not sufficient to rely solely on traditional structural methods, like cryo-EM and X-ray crystallography that provide great structural detail in vitro; we need experimental and theoretical tools that can describe the organization of these machines in their native cellular environment so as to better understand their function. Here we provide a strategy for extracting precisely this information directly from superresolution imaging data, a state-of-the-art technique for probing biological structures in living cells below the diffraction limit.
Activity-dependent inhibitory synapse remodeling through gephyrin phosphorylation
Authors: Flores Carmen E. , Nikonenko Irina , Mendez Pablo , Fritschy Jean-Marc , Tyagarajan Shiva K. , Muller Dominique
Published: December 2014

Significance

Learning mechanisms rely on plasticity properties of excitatory synapses and an activity-dependent rewiring of excitatory networks. Inhibitory synapses also display plasticity properties, but it remains unknown whether and how excitatory activity and plasticity can affect the organization of inhibitory networks. Here we show that synaptic and neuronal activity directly regulates the number and function of perisomatic inhibitory synapses through a mechanism that involves the phosphorylation of gephyrin by the enzyme calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. The results identify a homeostatic mechanism through which cell activity can continuously adjust its excitation/inhibition balance.
Natural asynchronies in audiovisual communication signals regulate neuronal multisensory interactions in voice-sensitive cortex
Authors: Perrodin Catherine , Kayser Christoph , Logothetis Nikos K. , Petkov Christopher I.
Published: December 2014

Significance

Social animals often combine vocal and facial signals into a coherent percept, despite variable misalignment in the onset of informative audiovisual content. However, whether and how natural misalignments in communication signals affect integrative neuronal responses is unclear, especially for neurons in recently identified temporal voice-sensitive cortex in nonhuman primates, which has been suggested as an animal model for human voice areas. We show striking effects on the excitability of voice-sensitive neurons by the variable misalignment in the onset of audiovisual communication signals. Our results allow us to predict the state of neuronal excitability from the cross-sensory asynchrony in natural communication signals and suggest that the general pattern that we observed would generalize to face-sensitive cortex and certain other brain areas.
Transdermal deferoxamine prevents pressure-induced diabetic ulcers
Authors: Duscher Dominik , Neofytou Evgenios , Wong Victor W. , Maan Zeshaan N. , Rennert Robert C. , Inayathullah Mohammed , Januszyk Michael , Rodrigues Melanie , Malkovskiy Andrey V. , Whitmore Arnetha J. , Walmsley Graham G. , Galvez Michael G. , Whittam Alexander J. , Brownlee Michael , Rajadas Jayakumar , Gurtner Geoffrey C.
Published: December 2014

Significance

Diabetes is the leading cause of nontraumatic amputations. There are no effective therapies to prevent diabetic ulcer formation and only modestly effective technologies to help with their healing. To enhance diabetic wound healing we designed a transdermal delivery system containing the FDA-approved small molecule deferoxamine, an iron chelator that increases defective hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha transactivation in diabetes by preventing iron-catalyzed reactive oxygen stress. This system overcomes the challenge of delivering hydrophilic molecules through the normally impermeable stratum corneum and both prevents diabetic ulcer formation and improves the healing of existing diabetic wounds. This represents a prophylactic pharmacological agent to prevent ulcer formation that is rapidly translatable into the clinic and has the potential to ultimately transform the care and prevention of diabetic complications.
B-cell repertoire responses to varicella-zoster vaccination in human identical twins
Authors: Wang Chen , Liu Yi , Cavanagh Mary M. , Le Saux Sabine , Qi Qian , Roskin Krishna M. , Looney Timothy J. , Lee Ji-Yeun , Dixit Vaishali , Dekker Cornelia L. , Swan Gary E. , Goronzy Jörg J. , Boyd Scott D.
Published: December 2014

Significance

Human B cells secrete highly diverse antibody molecules to recognize and defend against infectious agents. Developing B cells independently rearrange their genomes to produce antibody-encoding sequences. It is uncertain to what degree genetic factors control antibody repertoires and the antibodies elicited by defined antigenic stimuli. Analysis of 134,000 antibody heavy chain sequences from genetically identical twins vaccinated with varicella-zoster vaccine indicates that twins show increased correlation in antibody gene segment usage, junctional features, and mutation rates in their antibody pools but show little similarity in clonal responses to an acute stimulus. Therefore, a shared germ-line genome sequence is correlated with overall convergence of antibody repertoires, but the particular antibody response to a given vaccination is less predictable.
Synthetic lethal screening in the mammalian central nervous system identifies Gpx6 as a modulator of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Shema Reut , Kulicke Ruth , Cowley Glenn S. , Stein Rachael , Root David E. , Heiman Myriam
Published: December 2014

Significance

We describe here the application of genetic synthetic lethal screening to the mammalian central nervous system. The principle of synthetic lethality is that factors that are dispensable in a healthy cell are rendered essential in a diseased cell; these factors thus define the pathways responsible for increased cellular vulnerability in that disease. Our synthetic lethality screening in mouse models of Huntington’s disease (HD) reveals that a glutathione peroxidase, Gpx6, can regulate the emergence of HD model symptoms in mice.
Gracility of the modernHomo sapiensskeleton is the result of decreased biomechanical loading
Authors: Ryan Timothy M. , Shaw Colin N.
Published: December 2014

Significance

Compared with other primates and earlier human species, contemporary humans possess relatively lightly built skeletons. Previous studies suggest that skeletal gracility results from a lack of physical activity because of increased reliance on culture, is a biomechanical consequence of bipedal locomotion, or reflects systemic physiological differences between modern humans and other primates. We found that bone strength in the hip joint of human foragers is comparable to similarly sized nonhuman primates, and is significantly more robust than sedentary agriculturalists. These results conclusively demonstrate the utility of trabecular bone structure for differentiating activity and mobility patterns among prehistoric hominins and reveal that low levels of physical activity contribute to reduced bone strength, and consequently increased fracture risk, in contemporary human populations.
Dipeptides catalyze rapid peptide exchange on MHC class I molecules
Authors: Saini Sunil Kumar , Schuster Heiko , Ramnarayan Venkat Raman , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Stevanović Stefan , Springer Sebastian
Published: December 2014

Significance

We have shown previously that dipeptides can support efficient in vitro folding of the MHC class I molecules. Here, we describe the discovery of dipeptides that catalyze the dissociation of low- and high-affinity peptides from class I and their replacement for exogenous peptides of interest, on both recombinant and cell surface HLA-A*02:01, HLA-B*27:05, and H-2K
b
molecules. Understanding peptide exchange on class I will help us understand peptide optimization in live cells. We demonstrate that the peptide-exchange technology can be used to produce epitope-specific MHC tetramers much faster and more easily than possible with techniques currently available and to enhance peptide loading onto live cells for cancer immunotherapy. Further applications include allotype specific peptide epitope elution from tumor cells.
Stabilization of morphine tolerance with long-term dosing: Association with selective upregulation of mu-opioid receptor splice variant mRNAs
Authors: Xu Jin , Faskowitz Andrew J. , Rossi Grace C. , Xu Mingming , Lu Zhigang , Pan Ying-Xian , Pasternak Gavril W.
Published: December 2014

Significance

Many assume that morphine tolerance is a continually progressive response, based mainly upon preclinical studies typically lasting a week or less. Yet, clinicians have long appreciated the ability to manage cancer pain in patients with stable opioid doses for months, implying that extended dosing may eventually stabilize the level of tolerance. To reconcile these differences, we examined tolerance over 6 wk and show that extended morphine dosing leads to progressive tolerance for 3 wk that then stabilizes for up to 6 wk and is associated with increases in the abundance of mu opioid receptor splice variant mRNA levels of as much as 300-fold.
Evolutionary meandering of intermolecular interactions along the drift barrier
Authors: Lynch Michael , Hagner Kyle
Published: December 2014

Significance

Many cellular functions depend on highly specific intermolecular interactions, with mutational changes in each component of the interaction imposing coevolutionary pressure on the remaining members (e.g., a transcription factor and its DNA binding sites). The conflict between mutation pressure toward reduced affinity and selective pressure for greater interaction results in an evolutionary equilibrium distribution for the affinity between interacting partners. Nevertheless, conditional on the maintenance of a critical level of molecular recognition, the sites containing the key residues of binding interfaces are free to evolve. The theory developed suggests that most such evolution is a simple consequence of random genetic drift and not an outcome of adaptive fine tuning.
Hooking She3p onto She2p for myosin-mediated cytoplasmic mRNA transport
Authors: Singh Nimisha , Blobel Günter , Shi Hang
Published: December 2014

Significance

After export from the nucleus, distinct mRNAs are further transported to specific locales in the cytoplasm. In yeast, a subset of mRNAs targeted to the daughter cells carry zipcodes, which are recognized by two distinct binding proteins, one of which also binds to myosin. The assembled myosin motor walks with its mRNA cargo, like a ropewalker, on an actin filament. To avoid futile movement, motor assembly is strictly controlled. We show that a striking hook-like structure of one zipcode-binding protein connects to a pocket of the other zipcode-binding protein. Hooking is proposed to align the zipcode-binding sites of the two proteins to create a composite site for high-affinity zipcode binding.
Sodium Excretion and Cardiovascular Structure and Function in the Nonhypertensive Population: The Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study
Authors: Lee Seung Ku , Kim Jin-Seok , Kim Seong Hwan , Kim Yong Hyun , Lim Hong Euy , Kim Eung Ju , Park Chang Gyu , Cho Goo-Yeong , Kim Jinyoung , Baik Inkyung , Park Juri , Lee Jung Bok , Shin Chol
Published: December 2014

BACKGROUND

The effect of sodium intake on the cardiovascular system remains controversial. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relation between sodium intake and cardiovascular structure and function in the nonhypertensive population.

METHODS

We performed a cross-sectional analysis in 1,586 nonhypertensive subjects who participated in the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study (2007–2008). Sodium intake was assessed by estimating the 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from a spot urine sample. Changes in cardiovascular structure and function were assessed by using tissue Doppler echocardiography, the carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), and the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).

RESULTS

Systolic and diastolic blood pressures increased with increasing tertiles of estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. In multivariate analyses adjusting for covariates, there were stepwise decreases in the baPWV (P = 0.003) and CIMT (P = 0.001) values as the estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion increased, whereas no significant differences in left ventricular (LV) structural and functional parameters were observed across the tertiles of estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion was independently and inversely associated with baPWV (P < 0.001) and CIMT (P = 0.001), but not with LV parameters.

CONCLUSIONS

In the nonhypertensive population, urinary sodium excretion was inversely related to baPWV and CIMT. However, there were no associations between urinary sodium excretion and LV structure or function.