bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot tone–based motion correction for prospective respiratory compensated cardiac cine MRI
Authors: Ludwig Juliane , Speier Peter , Seifert Frank , Schaeffter Tobias , Kolbitsch Christoph
Published: November 2020

Purpose

To evaluate prospective motion correction using the pilot tone (PT) as a quantitative respiratory motion signal with high temporal resolution for cardiac cine images during free breathing.

Methods

Before cine data acquisition, a short prescan was performed, calibrating the PT to the respiratory‐induced heart motion using respiratory‐resolved real‐time images. The calibrated PT was then applied for nearly real‐time prospective motion correction of cine MRI through slice tracking (ie, updating the slice position before every readout). Additionally, in‐plane motion correction was performed retrospectively also based on the calibrated PT data. The proposed method was evaluated in a moving phantom and 10 healthy volunteers.

Results

The PT showed very good correlation to the phantom motion. In volunteer studies using a long‐term scan over 7.96 ± 1.40 min, the mean absolute error between registered and predicted motion from the PT was 1.44 ± 0.46 mm in head‐feet and 0.46 ± 0.07 mm in anterior‐posterior direction. Irregular breathing could also be corrected well with the PT. The PT motion correction leads to a significant improvement of contrast‐to‐noise ratio by 68% (P ≤ .01) between blood pool and myocardium and sharpness of endocardium by 24% (P = .04) in comparison to uncorrected data. The image score, which refers to the cine image quality, has improved with the utilization of the proposed PT motion correction.

Conclusion

The proposed approach provides respiratory motion‐corrected cine images of the heart with improved image quality and a high scan efficiency using the PT. The PT is independent of the MR acquisition, making this a very flexible motion‐correction approach.
Varying diffusion time to discriminate between simulated skeletal muscle injury models using stimulated echo diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Berry David B. , Englund Erin K. , Galinsky Vitaly , Frank Lawrence R. , Ward Samuel R.
Published: November 2020

Purpose

Evaluate the relationship between muscle microstructure, diffusion time (Δ), and the diffusion tensor (DT) to identify the optimal Δ where changes in muscle fiber size may be detected.

Methods

The DT was simulated in models with histology informed geometry over a range of Δ with a stimulated echo DT imaging (DTI) sequence using the numerical simulation application DifSim. The difference in the DT at each Δ between healthy and injured skeletal muscle models was calculated, to identify the optimal Δ at which changes in muscle fiber size may be detected. The random permeable barrier model (RPBM) was used to estimate muscle microstructure from the simulated DT measurements, which were compared to the ground truth.

Results

Across all models, fractional anisotropy provided greater contrast between injured and control models than diffusivity measurements. Compared to control models, in atrophic injury models, the greatest difference in the DT was found between 90 ms and 250 ms. In models with acute edema, the contrast between injured and control muscle increased with increasing diffusion time, although these models had smaller mean fiber areas. RPBM systematically underestimated fiber size but accurately estimated surface area‐to‐volume ratio of simulated models.

Conclusion

These findings may better inform pulse sequence parameter selection when performing DTI experiments in vivo. If only a single diffusion experiment can be performed, the selected Δ should be ~170 ms to maximize the ability to discriminate between different injury models. Ideally several diffusion times between 90 ms and 500 ms should be sampled in order to maximize diffusion contrast, particularly when the disease process is unknown.
Electrically adjusted infrared transmittance of a functioned silicon via an au nano‐cone metasurface
Authors: Wei Dong , Hu Chai , Chen Mingce , Shi Jiashuo , Luo Jun , Wang Haiwei , Xie Changsheng , Zhang Xinyu
Published: November 2020

A type of electrically adjusted infrared transmittance material is constructed by an n‐type silicon nano‐cone metasurface coating with a 30 nm thick Au film, and then an Al foil is adhered on the back of the metasurface. Two types of nano‐cone are fabricated. The average height of both the nano‐cone structures is ∼230 nm. The top angle of each nano‐cone frame is ∼16° and ∼17°, and their arranging frequency 2 µm−1 and 1 µm−1, respectively. Through the material, a relatively wide regulation of the infrared (IR) transmittance can be achieved by electrically driving a couple of cascade Schottky barrier formed at the interface of Au film and the nano‐patterned silicon and also another interface between the Al foil tape and the bottom surface of the silicon. By applying a voltage between the top Au film and the bottom Al foil, the IR transmittance of the material can be adjusted remarkably and becomes zero as the Au film is switched to the positive. Typically, the transmittance of 2.2 µm wavelength lasers normally incident upon the nano‐patterned facet of the material can be adjusted from ∼21% to ∼65% for a voltage variance of 0 V to −5 V.
Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Factors Over 6 Years in Young Adults in a Randomized Trial of Weight Gain Prevention
Authors: Wing Rena R. , Espeland Mark A. , Tate Deborah F. , Perdue Letitia H. , Bahnson Judy , Polzien Kristen , Ferguson Robichaud Erica , LaRose Jessica Gokee , Gorin Amy A. , Lewis Cora E. , Jelalian Elissa ,   for the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention Research Group
Published: November 2020

Objective

This study aimed to determine the impact of weight gain prevention interventions on changes in cardiovascular risk factors over 6 years.

Methods

The Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) randomized 599 participants (ages 18‐35; 46% with BMI 21‐25; 54% with BMI 25‐30) to Large Changes (produce buffer by losing 5‐10 pounds initially), Small Changes (daily small changes in intake and activity) or Control and followed 355 participants with ongoing intervention and assessments through 6 years.

Results

There were no significant differences among interventions for changes in weight or cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors from baseline to 6 years. However, 44% of participants gained ≥5%, and only 14% lost ≥5% over 6 years. Weight changes, from baseline to year 6, were significantly associated with changes in risk factors, especially insulin and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol. Earlier weight changes (e.g., weight cycling) had no beneficial or adverse effect on changes in CVD risk factors at 6 years, independent of 6‐year weight changes.

Conclusions

Despite participation in a weight gain prevention trial, almost half of these young adults gained ≥5% or more over 6 years, with significant worsening in CVD risk factors. Greater attention to long‐term weight gain prevention in young adults is needed.
Association Between Ketosis and Changes in Appetite Markers with Weight Loss Following a Very Low‐Energy Diet
Authors: Martins Catia , Nymo Siren , Truby Helen , Rehfeld Jens F. , Hunter Gary R. , Gower Barbara A.
Published: November 2020

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the degree of ketosis, measured as plasma β‐hydroxybutyrate (βHB) in fasting, was associated with changes in appetite feelings and plasma concentration of appetite‐related hormones after weight loss.

Methods

A total of 87 individuals with obesity (BMI: 36.5 ± 4.0 kg/m2; age: 42.4 ± 9.7 years; 39 males) underwent 8 weeks of a very low‐energy diet. Body weight/composition, plasma concentration of βHB, and appetite‐related hormones (active ghrelin, active glucagon‐like peptide 1 [GLP‐1], total peptide YY, cholecystokinin [CCK], and insulin) and subjective appetite feelings were measured at baseline and week 9.

Results

Participants lost 17.7 ± 4.1 kg and were ketotic (βHB: 1.24 ± 0.82 mmol/L in fasting) at week 9. A negative association was found between βHB in fasting at week 9 and changes in basal (r = −0.315, P = 0.003) and postprandial ghrelin concentration (r = −0.286, P = 0.008), and a positive association was found with the change in postprandial GLP‐1 (r = 0.244, P = 0.025) and CCK (r = 0.228, P = 0.035). No association was seen between βHB in fasting and changes in peptide YY or subjective feelings of appetite.

Conclusions

βHB plasma concentration in fasting is associated with lower concentrations of the hunger hormone ghrelin and increased concentrations of the satiety hormones GLP‐1 and CCK. Future studies should explore the molecular mechanisms by which βHB modulates the secretion of gut hormones.
Antibiotics and Adverse Events in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Treated with Gemcitabine: Looking for Novel Clinical and Preclinical Insights
Authors: El Hassouni Btissame , Gregori Alessandro , Puik Jisce R. , Deng Dongmei , Kazemier Geert , Giovannetti Elisa
Published: November 2020

This letter to the editor remarks on a recently published article reporting on gemcitabine-related adverse events associated with antibacterial use, focusing on key points for further consideration.
Everolimus Plus Exemestane Treatment in Patients with Metastatic Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Previously Treated with CDK4/6 Inhibitor Therapy
Authors: Cook Madeline M. , Al Rabadi Luai , Kaempf Andy J. , Saraceni Megan M. , Savin Michael A. , Mitri Zahi I.
Published: November 2020

Background

The combination of everolimus (EVE) and exemestane (EXE) is approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer (mHRBC) who progress on nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor (NSAI) therapy. However, none of the patients enrolled in the trial that led to this approval (BOLERO-2) had previously received CDK4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6is), which have since become a frontline standard of care for mHRBC. As such, the clinical benefit of EVE plus EXE in patients who have previously received CDK4/6is remains unknown.

Materials and Methods

Adult patients with mHRBC at our institution who progressed on an NSAI plus CDK4/6i or NSAI therapy alone and were treated with at least one cycle of EVE plus EXE between 2012 and 2018 were analyzed. Collected data included patient demographics, treatment history, adverse events, and clinical outcomes. Primary objectives were to compare progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between patients who received prior NSAI plus CDK4/6i therapy versus an NSAI alone.

Results

Among 43 patients, 17 had prior CDK4/6i exposure. With the exception of de novo metastatic disease, patient and disease characteristics were comparable across treatment cohorts. There was no significant difference in PFS (median, 3.6 vs. 4.2 months) or OS (median, 15.6 vs. 11.3 months) between patients who had received prior CDK4/6is and those who had not, respectively.

Conclusion

Prior exposure to CDK4/6i therapy did not impact survival outcomes for patients with mHRBC taking EVE plus EXE. However, there was a trend toward improved OS in the CDK4/6i cohort that should be evaluated in larger cohorts.

Implications for Practice

The use of CDK4/6 inhibitors in combination with a nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor has become a standard frontline therapy in metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. An approved subsequent line of therapy is everolimus plus exemestane; however, the original data supporting this therapy predated approval of CDK4/6 inhibitors. As such, the clinical benefit of everolimus and exemestane in patients previously treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor was unknown. This retrospective cohort study offers real-world data demonstrating prior CDK4/6 inhibitor exposure does not impact survival outcomes for everolimus plus exemestane.
Evaluation of knowledge and comfort with opioid prescribing among pediatric hematology/oncology fellows
Authors: MacDonell‐Yilmaz Rebecca E. , Murillo Anarina , Panicker Cia , Welch Jennifer G.
Published: November 2020

Background

Deficits in knowledge and comfort related to pain management have been demonstrated in adult hematology/oncology fellows. No such evaluation has been undertaken in pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO) trainees.

Procedure

An IRB‐approved survey was administered to PHO fellows throughout the United States (US) to assess comfort with opioid dosing, attitudes related to the use of opioids, and knowledge of basic concepts including weight‐based dosing, incomplete cross‐tolerance, and management of side effects.

Results

Email addresses were obtained for 132 fellows from 37 programs. Seventy‐eight (59%) fellows participated. No significant difference was demonstrated between training level and comfort with dosing opioids in an opioid‐naive patient, though a smaller proportion of first‐year fellows (65%) reported comfort compared to more senior fellows (85.2% of second‐year fellows, 80.6% of third‐ and fourth‐year fellows). First‐year fellows correctly answered a mean of 5.05 ± 0.43 out of 10 objective knowledge questions; second‐year fellows answered 5.74 ± 0.35 correctly, and third‐ and fourth‐year fellows 5.58 ± 0.30. The majority of respondents chose an appropriate dose of intravenous morphine based on weight (92%), and identified a low‐dose naloxone drip as an appropriate intervention for opioid‐induced pruritis (91%). However, the remainder of the questions had a correct response rate of 15‐68%.

Conclusion

This study characterizes PHO fellows’ knowledge and comfort with prescribing opioids. Despite high levels of reported comfort, PHO fellows in all levels of training demonstrated knowledge gaps. PHO fellows may benefit from further education in pain management.
Multidisciplinary management of endocrinopathies and treatment‐related toxicities in patients with Bloom syndrome and cancer
Authors: Fein Levy Carolyn , Presswala Lubaina S. , Slomovic Alana , Stiefel Jessica , Schulman‐Rosenbaum Rifka
Published: November 2020

The treatment of malignancy in cancer predisposition syndromes that also confer exquisite sensitivity to standard chemotherapy and radiation regimens remains a challenge. Bloom syndrome is one such disorder that is caused by a defect in DNA repair, predisposing to the development of early‐onset age‐related medical conditions and malignancies. We report on two patients with Bloom syndrome who responded well to chemotherapy despite significant alterations to standard protocols necessitated by hypersensitivity. Both patients experienced severe toxicities and exacerbation of endocrine comorbidities during chemotherapy. A multidisciplinary team of oncologists and endocrinologists is best suited to care for this patient population.
X‐band dielectric properties of hybrid nanocomposites of nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube/functionalized nanoclay/polyvinylidene fluoride nanocomposite
Authors: Eshraghian Afrooz , Kamkar Milad , Asgari Mohammad , Arjmand Mohammad , Sundararaj Uttandaraman
Published: November 2020

This study investigates the effect of functionalized nanoclay on dielectric properties in the X‐band (8.2‐12.4 GHz) of synthesized nitrogen‐doped carbon nanotube (N‐CNT)/nanoclay/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanocomposites prepared via melt‐mixing. Montmorillonite nanoclay was functionalized by an aminosilane coupling agent, making the nanoclay more compatible with the organic polymer. N‐CNT was synthesized employing a chemical vapor deposition technique. Transmission electron microscopy and optical microscopy were used to assess the morphology of nanocomposites. The incorporation of nanoclay improved the dielectric properties, that is, dissipation factor of N‐CNT/PVDF nanocomposites. For instance, incorporation of 0.5 wt% nanoclay into N‐CNT/PVDF nanocomposite at 1.0 wt% N‐CNT loading resulted in 61% reduction in the dissipation factor (from 0.18 ± 0.01 to 0.07 ± 0.01). The percolation threshold increased from 0.3 to 1.0 wt% of N‐CNT by incorporation of 0.5 wt% nanoclay, which expanded the percolation region. In addition, incorporation of 0.5 wt% nanoclay reduced agglomeration area ratio of 1.0 wt% N‐CNT/PVDF nanocomposite by 57%. Rheological results indicated collapse of N‐CNT networks upon addition of nanoclay to the N‐CNT/PVDF nanocomposite, which confirmed the dielectric results. Nitrogen heteroatoms (scattering centers) and functionalized nanoclay were responsible for reducing the dissipation factor.
Mother–child communication about possible cancer recurrence during childhood cancer survivorship
Authors: Murphy Lexa K. , Heathcote Lauren C. , Prussien Kemar V. , Rodriguez Erin M. , Hewitt Jackson A. , Schwartz Laura E. , Ferrante Amanda C. , Gerhardt Cynthia A. , Vannatta Kathryn , Compas Bruce E.
Published: November 2020

Objective

Providing opportunities to communicate about possible cancer recurrence may be adaptive for youth in remission, yet parents may experience difficulty guiding discussions related to fears of cancer recurrence (FCR). This study aimed to characterize mother–child discussions about potential cancer recurrence during post‐treatment survivorship and to determine predictors of maternal communication.

Methods

Families (N = 67) were recruited after the child's initial cancer diagnosis (age 5–17 years) and mothers self‐reported their distress (post‐traumatic stress symptoms; PTSS). During survivorship 3–5 years later, mothers were video‐recorded discussing cancer with their children. Presence and length of discussion about potential cancer recurrence, triggers for FCR, expressed affect, and conversational reciprocity were examined. Hierarchical regressions were used to assess maternal PTSS near the time of cancer diagnosis and child age as predictors of maternal communication.

Results

Three‐quarters of dyads spontaneously discussed risk for or fears about cancer recurrence; mothers initiated the topic more frequently than their children. Dyads discussed internal (bodily symptoms) and external (medical, social) triggers of FCR. Higher maternal PTSS at diagnosis predicted significantly lower levels of maternal positive affect (β = −0.36, p = 0.02) and higher levels of maternal negative affect (β = 0.30, p = 0.04) during discussion of recurrence 3–5 years later. Older child age significantly predicted higher levels of maternal negative affect (β = 0.35, p = 0.02). Higher maternal PTSS at diagnosis predicted shorter discussions about recurrence for younger children (β = 0.27, p = 0.02).

Conclusions

Understanding predictors and characteristics of mother–child discussions about recurrence can guide family‐based FCR interventions, particularly those promoting communication as a supportive tool. Both maternal PTSS and child age are important to consider when developing these interventions.
“To do or not to do”: Treatment fidelity to a complex training intervention
Authors: Heiberg Kristi Elisabeth , Bruun‐Olsen Vigdis , Bergland Astrid
Published: November 2020

Background and purpose

When a complex intervention is examined it is viewed necessary to perform a qualitative process evaluation paired with an outcome evaluation. The purpose is to provide insights into the fidelity of the experimental intervention and thereby strengthen the validity of the study. In “Recovery after hip fracture” (the HIPFRAC study), the effect of a complex functional training intervention was examined by a randomized controlled trial design. The training was initiated by the physiotherapist and performed by the nurses/nurse assistants (NAs), as part of their daily, habitual routine when the patients with hip fracture were in a short‐term stay after discharge from hospital. The aim of the present process evaluation was to explore how contextual factors facilitated or complicated the nurses'/NAs' fidelity to the experimental intervention in the HIPFRAC study.

Methods

A descriptive thematic analysis was used. Data was collected through semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with three nurses and three NAs working with the HIPFRAC patients in a short‐term stay. The interviews were transcribed and analyzed.

Findings

Six subthemes, two main themes and one overall theme were identified. The overall theme was: Barriers affecting the implementation process. The main themes related to the barriers were identified as follows: (1) Attitudes within the nurses/NAs and (2) Structural factors.

Discussion

The nurses/NAs in the short‐term stay experienced contextual barriers, which contributed to complicate fidelity to the experimental intervention. There is a need of further research to investigate whether increased physiotherapy resources at short‐term stay will improve the level of physical activity among the patients with hip fracture.
Improved quantitative risk model for integrity management of liquefied petroleum gas storage tanks: Mathematical basis, and case study
Authors: Attia Mohamed , Sinha Jyoti
Published: November 2020

Chemical, petrochemical, and refinery sectors have been facing tougher safety, environmental and mechanical integrity regulations as well as challenges associated with the need for cost reduction to improve competitiveness. Risk‐based Inspection (RBI) is a cost‐effective approach to manage operational risks by making an informed decision on inspection frequency, extent of inspections, and types of non‐destructive testing. This paper presents a comprehensive practical risk model that can simulate all components of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) tanks, that is, roof, shell, nozzles, and bottom plates. The probability of failure (PoF) model was developed based on failure frequency data from four different sources to determine the adequate general failure frequencies, moreover, it addresses the fatigue effect due to cyclic loading. Reviewing past losses of containment incidents revealed that fires and explosion are the most likely outcomes, therefore, this risk model introduced area affected consequence of failure (CoF) simulation. The CoF model addresses all the main components of the LPG tank and deploys a practical gas dispersion model to estimate the vapor cloud explosion (VCE) and flash fire consequence affected areas. Furthermore, modified mass release equations are presented to account for the decline in the release rate with time to determine the pool fire area and leak duration. Consequence areas are determined based on serious personnel injuries and component damage from thermal radiation and explosions. To validate the risk model, a proof of concept assessment was performed on seven tanks.
Prediction of Strong Converse Magnetoelectric Effect in Nb‐Doped BaTiO3‐Based Polar Metals
Authors: Li Gang , Liu Yulin , Wang Wei , Xiao Yongguang , Tang Minghua , Li Zheng
Published: November 2020

The origin of the converse magnetoelectric (CME) effect in the Nb‐doped BaTiO3 (NBTO) polar metal is investigated by density functional theory. Unlike the Fe doping system, where the magnetic moment is chiefly contributed by eg orbitals of the Fe atom, the magnetic moment of the NBTO system is mainly contributed by the dxz/dyz orbitals of Ti (Nb) atoms and highly depends on the polarization intensity. When the in‐plane compressive strain η ≤ −2%, the magnetic moment of the NBTO system is zero because electrons predominantly occupy the dxy orbitals. However, the switching process of the ferroelectric polarization induces a strong CME effect with significant magnetic moment changes. Especially, the magnetic moment changes in the NBTO system with the compressive strain η ≤ −2%, which is dozens of times of that of the unstrained NBTO system. These results are useful for designing new ultrafast and low‐power information storage devices with remarkable electrically controlled magnetism.
A Simple Colorimetric Probe for Sensitive Detection of Hg2+ Based on MnO2 Nanosheets and Monothioglycerol
Authors: Ding Lu , Zhao Yanyu , Li Huihui , Zhang Qiujuan , Yang Weiting , Pan Qinhe
Published: November 2020

It is of great significance to develop efficient platforms for the detection of hypertoxic Hg2+. Colorimetric probes have received much attention for the detection of Hg2+ in the last decades. In this work, a colorimetric probe composed of MnO2 nanosheets and monothioglycerol (MTG) was rationally designed for Hg2+ detection, which was facially prepared via one‐step reaction at room temperature. The formation of Hg−S bond between Hg2+ and MTG inhibited the decomposition ability of MTG toward MnO2 nanosheets, thus resulting in a color change from colorless to brown. On this basis, the probe quantified Hg2+ in the concentration range from 2 to 60 μM with a low detection limit of 0.75 μM. The probe was applied to the detection of Hg2+ in tap water successfully, and was further fabricated into test strips for the convenience of use. Thereby, a simple and sensitive colorimetric probe for Hg2+ is developed in this work, which holds future promise for monitoring Hg2+ in the environment.
Photo‐Modulated Reversible Switching of Fluorescence from ZnO Quantum Dots with a Photochromic Diarylethene
Authors: Jiang Guorong , Jia Yanmei , Cui Shiqiang , Pu Shouzhi
Published: November 2020

A photo controlled and reversible fluorescent switching system was constructed with fluorescence ZnO quantum dots (ZnO‐QDs) and a photochromic diarylethene. Upon alternate irradiation with UV and visible lights, the fluorescence emission of the ZnO‐QDs could be modulated between ‘‘ON’’ and ‘‘OFF’’ repeatedly. The results indicated that the strategy of constructing ZnO‐QDs/diarylethene based switching system was feasibility. Moreover, a logic circuit was designed with the fluorescence intensity at 568 nm as output and the diarylethene and UV/vis lights as inputs.
Insights into the Extraction of Actinides from Lanthanides Using 3,3’‐Dimethoxy‐phenyl‐bis‐1,2,4‐triazinyl‐2,6‐pyridine Ligand – A DFT Study
Authors: Ebenezer Cheriyan , Solomon Rajadurai Vijay
Published: November 2020

Recently reported 3,3’‐dimethoxy‐phenyl‐bis‐1,2,4‐triazinyl‐2,6‐pyridine (DMOP‐ BTP) ligand is recognized as an efficient candidate for the stripping of actinides (An) from lanthanides (Ln) in nuclear wastes in nitric acid medium. However, the complexation behaviour and selectivity of this DMOP‐BTP ligand towards AnIII/LnIII is still unclear. In order to understand the origin of complexation of this ligand, a series of metal ions (M3+=Ce, Nd, Eu, U, Am, Cm) have been chosen and its binding ability to form ML(NO3)3 (L=DMOP‐ BTP) complex is studied using scalar relativistic ZORA/DFT calculations. Metal ‐Nitrogen bond lengths obtained from optimized geometries reveal that AnIII prefer binding to DMOP‐BTP ligand compared to LnIII. To elucidate the metal‐ligand bonding nature, Mayer and Nalewajsk‐ Mrozek (NM) bond order analyses have been carried out. Quantum Theory of Atoms In Molecules (QTAIM) and Energy Decomposition Analysis (EDA) have been done using the optimized geometries to comprehend the bonding situation in these ML(NO3)3 complexes. Results reveal that the bonds of AnIII ions tend to have a higher covalency compared to that of their lanthanide ions. Furthermore, it is understood that the NO3 ions around the metal ion also take part in interaction with the ligand and help in the stabilization of the metal complex. Thus, this work throws light on the preferential selectivity of the DMOP‐ BTP ligand for AnIII ions over LnIII ions.
Versatile and Affordable Approach for Tracking the Oxidative Stress Caused by the Free Radicals: the Chemical Perception
Authors: Maksym Dariya S. , Zaborovsky Andriy B. , Kubaj Yuliya Y. , Bloniarz Pawel , Pacześniak Tomasz , Muzart Jacques , Pokutsa Alexander P.
Published: November 2020

Fascinating oscillations of color, kinetics of pH, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and UV‐vis spectra, ensued from supplementing of VO(acac)2‐acetonitrile solutions with micro‐amounts of H2O2, were greatly affected by the small additives of glyoxal and oxalic acid. Such effect was consisted in sufficient decreasing the sensitivity of samples by means of it pH, CV and UV‐vis response onto H2O2 additives. The revealed peculiarities substantiate the responsibility of free radicals (particularly .OH generated in the course of H2O2 homolysis) for the discussed parameters alteration. In view of .OH are identified as most active and destructive (especially, in respect to the cellular constituents) agents can be originated in vivo, it overproduction is responsible for developing of many related severe diseases. In practical aspect the undertaken research may be recommended for the oxidative stress evaluation and tracking.
The Structure‐Activity Relationship Study of Dicarboximide‐phenylpyridine Conjugates as Inhibitors of Wnt Signaling Pathway
Authors: Wu Hongna , Wu Jun , Qin Tong , Lian Xu , Li Zhongwen , Guo Baojie , Hao Jie , Li Tianlei , Zhang Wenxuan , Wu Song
Published: November 2020

Inhibition of the aberrant Wnt pathway is a promising approach for the treatment of various types of disease. Based on the previous SAR results, we continued to optimize the structure of the dicarboximide‐phenylpyridine conjugates as the Wnt pathway inhibitors. Two cis‐4‐cyclohexene‐1, 2‐dicarboximide derivatives 6 and 16 showed much better wnt inhibitory activity than that of the lead compound among the eighteen novel compounds. The IC50 of the most potent compound 16 was 30 nM, which was about 10‐folds more potent than the lead compound 1 b, and 100‐folds more potent than the hit compound 1 a. Although the compounds have similar structure with tankyrases inhibitor IWR‐1 series compounds, they did not inhibit tankyrase 1/2, indicating they had different mechanism.
Efficient Synthesis and Computational Studies of Useful Guanylating Agents: 1H‐Benzotriazole‐1‐carboximidamides
Authors: Bokhtia Riham M. , Panda Siva S. , Girgis Adel S. , Pillai Girinath G. , Ibrahim Tarek S. , Shalaby ElSayed M. , Gigli Lara , Abdel‐Aal Eatedal H. , Al‐Mahmoudy Amany M. M.
Published: November 2020

A new synthetic protocol for the synthesis of 1H‐benzotriazole‐1‐carboximidamides starting from aryl amines in presence of acylbenzotriazole has been reported. The versatile guanylating agents could be an efficient synthetic tool for the synthesis of various guanidines. The present approach enables all possible variations of the substituents at different positions of the products. Single crystal of compound 4e was obtained by recrystallization from suitable solvent systems for X‐ray and DFT studies. The reaction goes faster and yields more product with higher purity when Cbz protected aminoacyl benzotriazole used instead of aryl benzotriazole for the synthesis of the 1H‐benzotriazole‐1‐carboximidamides. Computational studies were carried out to elucidate the energy profile and transition states to support the experimental data. Short reaction time, simple workup, high yields, and mild conditions are the key advantages of this protocol.
Zr‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework Films Grown on Bio‐Template for Photoelectrocatalysis
Authors: Sun Shujian , Xiao Yali , He Lanqi , Tong Yexiang , Liu Dingxin , Zhang Jianyong
Published: November 2020

A series of Zr‐based metal‐organic framework (Zr‐MOF) films are anchored on the surface of butterfly wing via solvothermal method for HER application, including UiO‐66, NH2‐UiO‐66 and UiO‐67. Oriented nanoparticles are anchored on the photonic crystal bio‐template. The distinctive design of the Zr‐MOFs/B composites enables remarkable photoelectrocatalytic HER activity in comparison with corresponding intrinsic Zr‐MOFs, primarily due to the synergy effect between MOFs and the photonic crystal. The cathode current increases to 1.94, 0.98 and 3.64 mA cm−2 for UiO‐66/B, NH2‐UiO‐66/B and UiO‐67/B, respectively, at an overpotential of −0.6 V vs RHE when irradiated for 30 min upon simulated sunlight. Upon simulated sunlight irradiation, the carrier density increases by 2.00, 1.26 and 1.48 times for UiO‐66/B, NH2‐UiO‐66/B and UiO‐67/B, respectively. This work paves a promising pathway for designing efficient HER electrocatalysts by combination of Zr‐MOFs and photo‐active butterfly wings.
A Step towards Treating Dengue Viral Infection: An In Silico Approach to Identify Potential Antidengue Phytoconstituents
Authors: Pawar Rohit , Patravale Vandana
Published: November 2020

Dengue is one of the deadliest mosquito‐borne viral diseases. Since its inception, a lot of research has happened in various directions, still no effective antiviral drug is available to combat its serious consequences. Though symptomatic medicines are available, they have not been proven scientifically and hence, there is an urge to adopt new strategies in the development of effective drugs against dengue. In the present study, we computationally screened the phytoconstituents from Carica papaya, Andrographis paniculata and Azadirachta indica against dengue virus multi‐targets, viz. dengue viral proteases, dengue viral envelope proteins, and dengue viral RNA dependent RNA polymerase via in silico docking study followed by Molecular Mechanics‐Generalized Born and Surface Area using Schrödinger‐Maestro version 12.0.012 to estimate the protein‐ligand binding affinities. The phytoconstituents showing significant docking score, binding interaction, and binding affinity compared to reported anti‐virals were finalized. This study can serve as a lead for the treatment of dengue infection by identifying the potential candidate(s).
Hierarchical Structures, with Submillimeter Patterns, Micrometer Wrinkles, and Nanoscale Decorations, Suppress Biofouling and Enable Rapid Droplet Digitization
Authors: Imani Sara M. , Maclachlan Roderick , Chan Yuting , Shakeri Amid , Soleymani Leyla , Didar Tohid F.
Published: November 2020

Liquid repellant surfaces have been shown to play a vital role for eliminating thrombosis on medical devices, minimizing blood contamination on common surfaces as well as preventing non‐specific adhesion. Herein, an all solution‐based, easily scalable method for producing liquid repellant flexible films, fabricated through nanoparticle deposition and heat‐induced thin film wrinkling that suppress blood adhesion, and clot formation is reported. Furthermore, superhydrophobic and hydrophilic surfaces are combined onto the same substrate using a facile streamlined process. The patterned superhydrophobic/hydrophilic surfaces show selective digitization of droplets from various solutions with a single solution dipping step, which provides a route for rapid compartmentalization of solutions into virtual wells needed for high‐throughput assays. This rapid solution digitization approach is demonstrated for detection of Interleukin 6. The developed liquid repellant surfaces are expected to find a wide range of applications in high‐throughput assays and blood contacting medical devices.
Transition Metal and Metal–Nx Codoped MOF‐Derived Fenton‐Like Catalysts: A Comparative Study on Single Atoms and Nanoparticles
Authors: Gao Yun , Yang Chengdong , Zhou Mi , He Chao , Cao Sujiao , Long Yanping , Li Shuang , Lin Yi , Zhu Puxin , Cheng Chong
Published: November 2020

To deal with the ever‐growing toxic benzene‐derived compounds in the water system, extensive efforts have been dedicated for catalytic degradation of pollutants. However, the activities and efficiencies of the transition metal‐based nanoparticles or single‐atom sites are still ambiguous in Fenton‐like reactions. Herein, to compare the Fenton‐like catalytic efficiencies of the nanoparticles and single atoms, the free‐standing nanofibrous catalyst comprising Co nanocrystals and Co–Nx codoped carbon nanotubes (CNTs) or bare Co–Nx doped CNTs is fabricated. It is noteworthy that all these nanofibrous catalysts exhibit efficient activities, mesoporous structures, and conductive carbon networks, which allow a feasible validation of the catalytic effects. Benefiting from the maximized atomic utilization, the atomic Co–Nx centers exhibit much higher reaction kinetic constant (κ = 0.157 min−1) and mass activity toward the degradation of bisphenol A, far exceeding the Co nanocrystals (κ = 0.082 min−1). However, for the volume activities, the single‐atom catalyst does not show apparent advantages compared to the nanocrystal‐based catalyst. Overall, this work not only provides a viable pathway for comparing Fenton‐like catalytic effects of transition metal‐based nanoparticles or single atoms but also opens up a new avenue for developing prominent catalysts for organic pollutants’ degradation.
Stabilizing γ‐CsPbI3 Perovskite via Phenylethylammonium for Efficient Solar Cells with Open‐Circuit Voltage over 1.3 V
Authors: Ye Qiufeng , Ma Fei , Zhao Yang , Yu Shiqi , Chu Zema , Gao Pingqi , Zhang Xingwang , You Jingbi
Published: November 2020

Cesium lead iodide (CsPbI3) perovskite has gained great attention due to its potential thermal stability and appropriate bandgap (≈1.73 eV) for tandem cells. However, the moisture‐induced thermodynamically unstable phase and large open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit and also the low efficiency seriously limit its further development. Herein, long chain phenylethylammonium (PEA) is utilized into CsPbI3 perovskite to stabilize the orthorhombic black perovskite phase (γ‐CsPbI3) under ambient condition. Furthermore, the moderate lead acetate (Pb(OAc)2) is controlled to combine with phenylethylammonium iodide to form the 2D perovskite, which can dramatically suppress the charge recombination in CsPbI3. Unprecedentedly, the resulted CsPbI3 solar cells achieve a 17% power conversion efficiency with a record VOC of 1.33 V, the VOC deficit is only 0.38 V, which is close to those in organic‐inorganic perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Meanwhile, the PEA modified device maintains 94% of its initial efficiency after exceeding 2000 h of storage in the low‐humidity controlled environment without encapsulation.
Subcompartmentalization and Pseudo‐Division of Model Protocells
Authors: Spustova Karolina , Köksal Elif Senem , Ainla Alar , Gözen Irep
Published: November 2020

Membrane enclosed intracellular compartments have been exclusively associated with the eukaryotes, represented by the highly compartmentalized last eukaryotic common ancestor. Recent evidence showing the presence of membranous compartments with specific functions in archaea and bacteria makes it conceivable that the last universal common ancestor and its hypothetical precursor, the protocell, may have exhibited compartmentalization. To the authors’ knowledge, there are no experimental studies yet that have tested this hypothesis. They report on an autonomous subcompartmentalization mechanism for protocells which results in the transformation of initial subcompartments to daughter protocells. The process is solely determined by the fundamental materials properties and interfacial events, and does not require biological machinery or chemical energy supply. In the light of the authors’ findings, it is proposed that similar events may have taken place under early Earth conditions, leading to the development of compartmentalized cells and potentially, primitive division.
Fluorine Triggered Surface and Lattice Regulation in Anatase TiO2−xFx Nanocrystals for Ultrafast Pseudocapacitive Sodium Storage
Authors: Ni Mingzhu , Sun Da , Zhu Xiaohui , Xia Qiuying , Zhao Yang , Xue Liang , Wu Jianghua , Qiu Ce , Guo Qiubo , Shi Zhengyi , Liu Xiaojing , Wang Gongming , Xia Hui
Published: November 2020

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) have been considered as one of the most promising secondary battery techniques for large‐scale energy storage applications. However, developing appropriate electrode materials that can satisfy the demands of long‐term cycling and high energy/power capabilities remains a challenge. Herein, a fluorine modulation strategy is reported that can trigger highly active exposed crystal facets in anatase TiO2−xFx, while simultaneously inducing improved electron transfer and Na+ diffusion via lattice regulation. When tested in SIBs, the optimized fluorine doped TiO2−xFx nanocrystals exhibit a high reversible capacity of 275 mA h g−1 at 0.05 A g−1, outstanding rate capability (delivering 129 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1), and remarkable cycling stability with 91% capacity retained after 6000 cycles at 2 A g−1. Importantly, the optimized TiO2−xFx nanocrystals are dominated by pseudocapacitive Na+ storage, which can be attributed to the fluorine induced surface and lattice regulation, enabling ultrafast electrode kinetics.
Searching for the “smoking gun” of the miscarried 2019 Nenoksa nuclear cruise missile test: a null result
Authors: Spykman Imke , Blenke Tobias , Büchner Sebastian , Degering Detlev , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Fischer Helmut W. , Lasche George , Masson Olivier , Mietelski Jerzy W. , Ransby Daniela , Renz Franz , Souti Maria‐Evangelia , Zok Dorian , Steinhauser Georg
Published: November 2020

On August 8, 2019, an explosion of a military missile occurred at the Nenoksa (also transcribed as Nyonoksa) Missile Test Center (Russian Federation). Russian authorities confirmed a release of radioactive material in the course of this incident, which fueled rumors that it could have involved a nuclear‐propelled missile of the Burevestnik/Skyfall type. In this study, our radioanalytical efforts are summarized searching for the “smoking gun” of the incident. These included the gamma‐measurements of air filters from two vessels that were in some proximity to the event as well as one Greek high‐volume air filter. In addition, we tested the hypothesis that radioactive 42Ar may have been used to operate a radiothermal generator. If the incident had released 42Ar, it may have become detectable by measuring characteristic gamma radiation emitted from a tank containing liquefied atmospheric argon. No traces whatsoever were found that could provide clues about the release. It is possible that the presumably small amounts of radionuclides released from either a small nuclear reactor or a powerful radionuclide source dispersed quickly over Russian territory to non‐detectable levels before reaching any of our assayed samples.
First Trainees: The Golden Anniversary of the Early History of Telemedicine Education at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard (1968–1970)
Authors: Weinstein Ronald S. , Holcomb Michael J. , Krupinski Elizabeth A. , Latifi Rifat
Published: November 2020

Recently, interest in creating curriculum in telemedicine for medical students, nurses, and most other health professionals has spiked because of the healthcare industry’s rapid shift to providing care via telemedicine as a means of infection control due to the Covid-19 pandemic [1, 2]. This commentary describes the initial medical student and resident training in telemedicine at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) a half century ago.
CFT in AdS and boundary RG flows
Authors: Giombi Simone , Khanchandani Himanshu
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Using the fact that flat space with a boundary is related by a Weyl transformation to anti-de Sitter (AdS) space, one may study observables in boundary conformal field theory (BCFT) by placing a CFT in AdS. In addition to correlation functions of local operators, a quantity of interest is the free energy of the CFT computed on the AdS space with hyperbolic ball metric, i.e. with a spherical boundary. It is natural to expect that the AdS free energy can be used to define a quantity that decreases under boundary renormalization group flows. We test this idea by discussing in detail the case of the large N critical O(N) model in general dimension d, as well as its perturbative descriptions in the epsilon-expansion. Using the AdS approach, we recover the various known boundary critical behaviors of the model, and we compute the free energy for each boundary fixed point, finding results which are consistent with the conjectured F-theorem in a continuous range of dimensions. Finally, we also use the AdS setup to compute correlation functions and extract some of the BCFT data. In particular, we show that using the bulk equations of motion, in conjunction with crossing symmetry, gives an efficient way to constrain bulk two-point functions and extract anomalous dimensions of boundary operators.
(Symplectic) leaves and (5d Higgs) branches in the Poly(go)nesian Tropical Rain Forest
Authors: van Beest Marieke , Bourget Antoine , Eckhard Julius , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura
Published: November 2020

Abstract

We derive the structure of the Higgs branch of 5d superconformal field theories or gauge theories from their realization as a generalized toric polygon (or dot diagram). This approach is motivated by a dual, tropical curve decomposition of the (p, q) 5-brane-web system. We define an edge coloring, which provides a decomposition of the generalized toric polygon into a refined Minkowski sum of sub-polygons, from which we compute the magnetic quiver. The Coulomb branch of the magnetic quiver is then conjecturally identified with the 5d Higgs branch. Furthermore, from partial resolutions, we identify the symplectic leaves of the Higgs branch and thereby the entire foliation structure. In the case of strictly toric polygons, this approach reduces to the description of deformations of the Calabi-Yau singularities in terms of Minkowski sums.
Der chirurgische Umgang mit peripheren Nerven nach Extremitätenverlust
Authors: Gstoettner Clemens , Laengle Gregor , Salminger Stefan , Festin Christopher , Platzgummer Hannes , Aszmann Oskar C.
Published: November 2020

Hintergrund

Nach Verlust einer Gliedmaße ist es die Aufgabe des Chirurgen, einen möglichst schmerzfreien und belastbaren Stumpf zu formen. Hierbei kommt insbesondere an der oberen Extremität ein funktioneller Aspekt hinzu, da zur Steuerung myoelektrischer Prothesen entsprechende Muskelsignale notwendig sind. Der Umgang mit peripheren Nerven im Stumpfbereich nimmt sowohl hinsichtlich der Schmerztherapie als auch der funktionellen Mensch-Maschinen-Anbindung eine zentrale Rolle ein.

Ziel der Arbeit

Die Darstellung aktueller chirurgischer Verfahren zum Umgang mit peripheren Nerven nach Extremitätenamputation.

Material und Methoden

Es erfolgt eine Literaturrecherche bzgl. chirurgischer Prophylaxe und Therapie von Neurom- und Phantomschmerzen, sowie zu Techniken zur Verbesserung der funktionellen Schnittstelle zwischen Stumpf und Prothese. Anhand relevanter Arbeiten sowie der Erfahrungen der Autoren werden entsprechende Empfehlungen formuliert.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Es gibt eine große Anzahl an verschiedenen Operationstechniken, insbesondere im Umgang mit schmerzhaften Neuromen. Von den klassischen Verfahren findet besonders häufig die intramuskuläre Verlagerung der endständiger Nerven Anwendung. Neuere Techniken wie Targeted Muscle Reinnervation (TMR) und Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interface (RPNI) zielen erstmals darauf ab, dem Nerven auch nach Amputation funktionelle Endorgane zu liefern. Neben der verbesserten Steuerung myoelektrischer Prothesen zeigen diese Verfahren auch exzellente Ergebnisse in Bezug auf Neurom- und Phantomschmerzen.