bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Arabian Sea warming on the Indian summer monsoon rainfall in a regional climate model
Authors: Mishra Alok K. , Dwivedi Suneet , Das Sushant
Published: October 2019

The role of the Arabian Sea (AS) warming on the Indian summer monsoon rainfall is investigated using regional climate model‐Regional Climate Model version 4.7 of International Centre for Theoretical Physics. The model realistically simulates the rainfall, temperature, low‐level winds and vertically integrated moisture flux over the Indian region during the years 2006–2015. It is found that the AS warming decreases the rainfall over most parts of the India, which is mainly due to decrease in the convective precipitation over these regions. The AS warming reduces the magnitude of westerly winds in the southern Bay of Bengal and AS; enhances the moisture convergence over the AS; and causes the prohibition of the moisture‐laden winds from the AS to reach to the Indian land regions resulting into decreased precipitation. The effect of anti‐cyclonic circulation produced over the central India as a result of the AS warming is to further reduce the monsoon rainfall. It is also shown that the AS warming increases the extreme rainfall over most parts of India.
Identification of tea based on CARS‐SWR variable optimization of visible/near‐infrared spectrum
Authors: Yun Liu , Qing‐wei Peng , Jian‐cheng Yu , Yan‐lin Tang
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

The identification of tea varieties is essential to obtain high‐quality tea that can command a high price. To identify tea varieties quickly and non‐destructively, and to fight against counterfeit and inferior products in the tea market, a new method of visible / near‐infrared spectrum processing based on competitive adaptive reweighting algorithms‐stepwise regression analysis (CARS‐SWR) variable optimization is proposed in this paper.

RESULTS

The spectral data of five different tea varieties were obtained by visible / near‐infrared spectrometry. The spectral data were preprocessed by the multivariate scattering correction (MSC) algorithm. First, 20 wavelength variables were selected by CARS, and then six optimal wavelength variables were selected using the SWR method, based on the CARS optimal variables. The generalized regression neural network (GRNN) classification model and probabilistic neural network (PNN) classification model were established, based on spectral information from the full wavelength, the CARS preferred wavelength variable, the SWR preferred wavelength variable, and the CARS‐SWR preferred wavelength variable.

CONCLUSION

It was found that the CARS‐SWR‐PNN model had the best classification effect by comparing different modeling results. The classification accuracy of its training set and test set reached 100%. This shows that the CARS‐SWR preferred variable method combined with the visible / near‐infrared spectrum is feasible for the rapid and non‐destructive identification of tea varieties. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of active edible coating based on thyme and garlic essential oils on lamb meat shelf life after long‐term frozen storage
Authors: Guerrero Ana , Ferrero Sofía , Barahona Marta , Boito Bruna , Lisbinski Eduardo , Maggi Filippo , Sañudo Carlos
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

The frozen preservation of lamb meat could be crucial for successful international trade. The shelf life of thawed meat is shorter than that of fresh meat, so techniques or procedures are required to improve post‐thawing meat quality attributes. This study investigated the effect of alginate‐based edible coatings after the incorporation of essential oils of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) on thawed lamb meat (longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle) quality after long‐term frozen storage. Meat samples came from ten light lambs and the evolution of attributes related to shelf life, such as water‐holding capacity, color stability, and lipid oxidation, was monitored during display (1, 4 and 7 days). Four meat treatments were evaluated: control (CON, uncoated meat), edible coat of alginate meat (ECA), and ECA with thyme or garlic essential oils (0.05%) (THY and GAR).

RESULTS

The alginate‐based edible coatings decreased exudative losses (P < 0.001) and modified color characteristics, especially increasing yellowness (P < 0.001) and chrome (P < 0.001). GAR decreased redness (P < 0.001) and the oxy/met ratio [R (630/580) wavelength light reflectance] or discoloration [R (630–580)]. THY was the treatment that best retained color during display and also showed a significantly lower lipid oxidation (P < 0.05) than CON and ECA, whereas GAR presented intermediate values.

CONCLUSION

The addition of bioactive essential oils to alginate‐based edible coatings improved preservation and shelf life of lamb meat after thawing. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparation and corrosion resistance of titanium–zirconium–cerium based conversion coating on 6061 aluminum alloy
Authors: Zhan Wen , Qian Xuzheng , Gui Boyi , Liu Lian , Liu Xiaohui , Li Zhipeng , Hu Lixin
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to develop a chromium‐free chemical conversion coating with good corrosion resistance. A novel chemical conversion coating was prepared on 6061 aluminum alloy by dipping in the treatment solution containing titanium/zirconium based‐ions and sodium metaphosphate and cerium nitrate hexahydrate as additives. The morphology and composition of the conversion coatings were observed by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. The microarea structure of conversion coatings at different formation stages was analyzed by electron probe microanalyzer. The electrochemical polarization curve revealed that the corrosion potential of the conversion coating was −0.577 V and the corrosion current density was 0.1148 μA/cm2. The equivalent circuit fitted by AC impedance showed that the film resistance reaches 68,140 Ω. The formation of coating preferentially grows on the Al (Fe) Si intermetallic to form oxides of Ti and Zr; then TiO2 formed by a higher concentration of Ti4+ gradually covered ZrO2. Ce3+ could adsorb on the intermetallic compound, the hydrolysis of which causes the local pH of the solution to decrease and promotes the aluminum alloy dissolved.
Anisotropic Mechanical Responses of Poly(Ethylene Oxide)‐Based Lithium Ions Containing Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Patra Sudeshna , Yeddala Munaiah , Daga Piyush , Narayanan Tharangattu N.
Published: October 2019

Development of mechanically deformable solid state devices is receiving tremendous attention, and high ionic conductivity solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) are highly sought after for their development. The process history‐induced polymer alignment anisotropy can lead to anisotropic conductivity to the SPEs. Here, a Li ion SPE membrane developed using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and LiClO4 is demonstrated for its microstructure variations while applying external stress and the corresponding variations in the ionic conductivity are also calculated. The microstructural evolution shows that larger strain values induce large dislocations in the crystallites of PEO leading to the formation of larger amorphous regions which soften the matrix. The anisotropic mechanical responses are observed while applying cyclic strain to thicker SPEs, where the compressive measurements show softening of the matrix while tensile measurements harden the matrix. The ionic conductivities of the softened matrix are found to be enhanced while those of toughened matrix are found to be decreased. This detailed mechanical analysis along with the in situ ionic conductivity studies of PEO‐based Li ion SPE show that along with the thermal history of the polymers, process history and the anisotropic mechanical responses of the polymers also need to be considered while developing SPEs for flexible devices.
Comparing measures of persuasion knowledge adapted for young children
Authors: Wang Shasha , Mizerski Dick
Published: October 2019

Young children under 8 years old are viewed as especially vulnerable to marketing communications because they do not have sufficient knowledge about the purpose of persuasive advertising messages, also known as children's persuasion knowledge (CPK). However, a review of 25 studies that have tested CPK effects, on primarily older children, finds inconsistent or no support for CPK. The lack of support depends on the effect studied, and a measurement challenge because of young children's limited capabilities in reading and responding to questions from interviewers. Thirteen measures of CPK have been tested but not compared for CPK effects. These measures were simplified to nonverbal options for young children and tested on a sample of 4‐ to 7‐year‐old North East Chinese children (n = 233). These measures were each tested in relation to the children's age (positive), their skepticism toward advertising (positive), their disbelief of false claims in a TV commercial (TVC) (positive) and their affect toward the TVC (negative). Only two measures of CPK show any expected associated responses with “knowing the source” of advertisements the best measure. Perceived marketer intentions had no expected associations, nor did the age of the child. The implications of these findings are discussed in terms of theory, measurement, and applications for marketers and public policy.
Incorporating bis‐benzimidazole into polyimide chains for effectively improving thermal resistance and dimensional stability
Authors: Lian Meng , Zheng Feng , Wu Qi , Lu Xuemin , Lu Qinghua
Published: October 2019

Heteroaromatic 6,6′‐bis[2‐(4‐aminobenzene)benzimidazole] and its corresponding copolyimides were synthesized to produce high temperature resistant polyimides (PIs). Due to the rigidity and aromaticity of heterocyclic bis‐benzimidazole, and the increased hydrogen bonding interactions, these PIs were found to have a high glass transition temperature (Tg) over 457 °C, which also guarantees a better dimensional stability with a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) lower than 10 ppm K−1in a wider temperature range of 50–400 °C. In addition, the PIs exhibit excellent thermal stability (5% weight loss temperature higher than 559 °C) along with outstanding mechanical properties. This study demonstrates the viability to access PIs with ultrahighTgand low CTE in a wider range of temperature by the incorporation of bis‐benzimidazole moieties. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Simultaneously achieving high strength, thermal resistance and high self‐healing efficiency for polyacrylate coating by constructing a Diels–Alder reversible covalent structure with multi‐maleimide terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane
Authors: Li Danyi , Zhang Youhao , Yuan Li , Liang Guozheng , Gu Aijuan
Published: October 2019

It is difficult for the self‐healing polyacrylate coatings reported so far to simultaneously achieve high mechanical strength and high self‐healing efficiency within a short healing time. Herein, derived from multi‐maleimide terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane, linear polyacrylate with furan‐containing side chain and polydopamine particles (photothermal conversion agent), a new kind of polyacrylate coating (HPA) with a strong and flexible crosslinking network was developed, which simultaneously shows high mechanical strength and high self‐healing efficiency within a short time. With 0.3 wt% polydopamine particles in HPA, the resulting coating (HPA3) has the highest toughness (2.63 ± 0.10 MPa) with 12.9 ± 0.7 MPa tensile strength and 23.9% ± 1.6% elongation at break; in addition, the self‐healing efficiency of HPA3 is over 87.6% after only 2.5 min of near‐infrared laser irradiation, overcoming intractable problems in developing self‐healing polyacrylate coatings. A study of the mechanism behind these outstanding performances of the HPA system reveals that the reversible covalent crosslinking formed by multi‐maleimide terminated hyperbranched polysiloxane is the necessary and crucial factor for simultaneously achieving high mechanical strength and high self‐healing efficiency in a short time. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Increasing school personnel's self‐efficacy, knowledge, and response regarding nonsuicidal self‐injury in youth
Authors: Glennon Sara D. , Viola Shannon B. , Blakely Alane O.
Published: October 2019

Rates of students engaging in nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) are rising and additional supports in the schools are needed (Nock, 2010, Ann Rev Clin Psychol, 6, 339–363; Stargell et al., 2017, Prof Sch Couns, 21, 37‐46). School psychologists, school counselors, and school nurses are key personnel in responding to self‐injurious behaviors within the school setting. The results of a practice‐based research project are described, in which school psychologists, school counselors, and school nurses participated in training to increase their self‐efficacy, knowledge, and response in regard to NSSI. The training provided information regarding best practice in responding to NSSI in youth (Hasking et al., 2016, Sch Psychol Int, 37(6), 644–663; Kanan et al., 2008, Sch Psychol Forum: Res Prac, 2, 67–79; Walsh & Muehlenkamp, 2013, Sch Psychol Forum: Res Prac, 7, 161–171). This exploratory study indicated that training positively impacted participants' perceived self‐efficacy and knowledge with respect to responding to youth who engage in NSSI. Handouts and resources for school‐based staff are included. Limitations and future directions are discussed.
Pharmmaker: Pharmacophore modeling and hit identification based on druggability simulations
Authors: Lee Ji Young , Krieger James M. , Li Hongchun , Bahar Ivet
Published: October 2019

Recent years have seen progress in druggability simulations, that is, molecular dynamics simulations of target proteins in solutions containing drug‐like probe molecules to characterize their drug‐binding abilities, if any. An important consecutive step is to analyze the trajectories to construct pharmacophore models (PMs) to use for virtual screening of libraries of small molecules. While considerable success has been observed in this type of computer‐aided drug discovery, a systematic tool encompassing multiple steps from druggability simulations to pharmacophore modeling, to identifying hits by virtual screening of libraries of compounds, has been lacking. We address this need here by developing a new tool, Pharmmaker, building on the DruGUI module of our ProDy application programming interface. Pharmmaker is composed of a suite of steps: (Step 1) identification of high affinity residues for each probe molecule type; (Step 2) selecting high affinity residues and hot spots in the vicinity of sites identified by DruGUI; (Step 3) ranking of the interactions between high affinity residues and specific probes; (Step 4) obtaining probe binding poses and corresponding protein conformations by collecting top‐ranked snapshots; and (Step 5) using those snapshots for constructing PMs. The PMs are then used as filters for identifying hits in structure‐based virtual screening. Pharmmaker, accessible online at http://prody.csb.pitt.edu/pharmmaker, can be used in conjunction with other tools available in ProDy.
Human serum albumin presents isoform variants with altered neonatal Fc receptor interactions
Authors: Leblanc Yann , Berger Marie , Seifert Alexander , Bihoreau Nicolas , Chevreux Guillaume
Published: October 2019

Human serum albumin (HSA) is the most abundant protein in plasma and presents the particularity, with IgG, to have an extraordinary long serum half‐life conferred by its interaction with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). If the impact of IgG post‐translational modifications (PTMs) on FcRn binding is well documented, it is far less reported for HSA despite numerous PTMs occurring on the protein in plasma. HSA is susceptible to numerous degradation reactions in plasma, because of aging, oxidative stress or liver and pancreas related pathologies. In the present study, we combined FcRn affinity chromatography and mass spectrometry to investigate the impact of HSA PTMs upon FcRn binding. This methodology presents the advantage to distinguish the effect of a single modification from a plasma HSA preparation made of a mixture of different isoforms. Cys34 oxidation, Lys525 glycation, and Leu585 C‐terminal truncation, which are modifications related to several pathological conditions, were demonstrated to act negatively on HSA‐FcRn interaction. The HSA‐FcRn binding alteration generated by these modifications is consistent with their vicinity with the interaction interface of the two proteins. Results were discussed regarding altered half‐life of HSA observed in several disease states and pave the way toward new understandings of the hypoalbuminemia pathogenesis.

Significance statement

In this study, we investigated the impact of several post‐translational modifications of HSA toward its ability to bind to the neonatal Fc receptor using in vitro affinity chromatography, mass spectrometry, and surface plasmon resonance. Cys34 oxidation, Lys525 glycation, and Leu585 C‐terminal truncation were demonstrated to decrease HSA‐FcRn binding. These modifications occurring in circulating HSA were discussed in relation to several pathologies as well as for the use of HSA as a therapeutic protein.
Clonal evaluation of early onset prostate cancer by expression profiling of ERG, SPINK1, ETV1, and ETV4 on whole‐mount radical prostatectomy tissue
Authors: Lu Zhichun , Williamson Sean R. , Carskadon Shannon , Arachchige Pavithra D. , Dhamdhere Gaury , Schultz Daniel S. , Stricker Hans , Peabody James O. , Jeong Wooju , Chitale Dhananjay A. , Bismar Tarek A. , Rogers Craig G. , Menon Mani , Gupta Nilesh S. , Palanisamy Nallasivam
Published: October 2019

Background

Expression profiles of erythroblast transformation‐specific (ETS)‐related gene fusions and serine protease inhibitor Kazal‐type 1 (SPINK1) in early onset prostate cancer have not been thoroughly explored.

Methods

We retrieved 151 radical prostatectomy specimens from young men with prostate cancer (<55 years) and characterized the expression of ETS‐related gene (ERG), SPINK1, ETS Variant 1 (ETV1), and ETV4 by dual immunohistochemistry and dual RNA in situ hybridization. Age, race, family history, preoperative prostate‐specific antigen, biochemical recurrence, and pathological variables using whole‐mount radical prostatectomy tissue were collected.

Results

A total of 313 tumor nodules from 151 men including 68 (45%) Caucasians and 61 (40%) African Americans were included in the analysis. Positive family history of prostate cancer was seen in 65 (43%) patients. Preoperative prostate‐specific antigen ranged from 0.3 to 52.7 ng/mL (mean = 7.04). The follow‐up period ranged from 1 to 123.7 months (mean = 30.3). Biochemical recurrence was encountered in 8 of 151 (5%). ERG overexpression was observed in 85 of 151 (56%) cases, followed by SPINK1 in 61 of 151 (40%), ETV1 in 9 of 149 (6%), and ETV4 in 4 of 141 (3%). There were 25 of 151 (17%) cases showing both ERG and SPINK1 overexpression within different regions of either the same tumor focus or different foci. Higher frequency of ERG overexpression was seen in younger patients (≤45 years old; 76% vs 49%, P = .002), Caucasian men (71% vs 41% P = .0007), organ‐confined tumors (64% vs 33%, P = .0008), and tumors of Gleason Grade groups 1 and 2 (62% vs 26%, P = .009). SPINK1 overexpression was more in African American men (68% vs 26%, P = .00008), in tumors with high tumor volume (>20%) and with anterior located tumors. ETV1 and ETV4 demonstrated rare overexpression in these tumors, particularly in the higher‐grade tumors.

Conclusion

This study expands the knowledge of the clonal evolution of multifocal cancer in young patients and support differences in relation to racial background and genetics of prostate cancer.
Insecticide resistance and fitness cost in Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) invasive and resident species in La Réunion Island
Authors: Taquet Alizée , Delatte Hélène , Barrès Benoit , Simiand Christophe , Grondin Martial , Jourdan‐Pineau Hélène
Published: October 2019

BACKGROUND

Global and intensive use of insecticides has led to the emergence and rapid evolution of resistance in the major pest Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius). In La Réunion, an island of the South West Indian Ocean, three whitefly species coexist, two of which are predominant, the indigenous Indian Ocean (IO) and the invasive Middle East Asia Minor 1 (MEAM1) species. To assess the resistance level of both of these species to acetamiprid and pymetrozine, whitefly populations were sampled at 15 collection sites located all over the island in agroecosystems and natural areas, and tested using leaf‐dip bioassays. We also investigated the potential cost of resistance to acetamiprid by measuring six fitness‐related traits for MEAM1 populations that displayed different resistance levels.

RESULTS

IO was mainly found in natural areas and was susceptible to both acetamiprid and pymetrozine. MEAM1 populations displayed evidence of high resistance to pymetrozine, whereas resistance to acetamiprid was more variable. No fitness‐related costs were associated with this resistance in MEAM1 populations.

CONCLUSION

This is the first assessment of the susceptibility to insecticides for B. tabaci IO species. For the time being, no resistance to the tested insecticides has evolved in this species despite (i) its presence in agroecosystems and their surroundings, and (ii) its close proximity to, and possible hybridization with, the MEAM1 species. In contrast, with continuous selection pressure of insecticide treatments and in the absence of fitness cost to resistance, the invasive exotic species MEAM1 will continue to threaten agriculture in La Réunion. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Who can ride along? Discrimination in a German carpooling market
Authors: Carol Sarah , Eich Daniel , Keller Michèle , Steiner Friederike , Storz Katharina
Published: October 2019

Although numerous studies have focused on ethnic discrimination in the labour and housing market, carpooling has barely been covered. Yet carpooling is indispensable for many minorities because they face severe economic inequalities. In order to test for ethnic discrimination in the carpooling market, we conducted a correspondence test. We sent out requests from four fictitious user profiles to drivers listed on one of Germany's carpooling websites. All users were aged mid‐20s: two males and two females. One man and one woman had German names, the second set had Turkish names. In total, we collected 952 observations. Our field experiment reveals substantial discrimination by ethnicity and gender. Whereas women with German names are least likely to experience discrimination, men with Turkish names are the most likely to be discriminated against. At first sight, counterintuitively but in line with ethnic competition theory, users with Turkish names are not significantly more discriminated against by drivers on routes in East Germany where xenophobia is more prevalent compared with West Germany.
Condensation in preferential attachment models with location‐based choice
Authors: Haslegrave John , Jordan Jonathan , Yarrow Mark
Published: October 2019

We introduce a model of a preferential attachment based random graph which extends the family of models in which condensation phenomena can occur. Each vertex has an associated uniform random variable which we call its location. Our model evolves in discrete time by selecting r vertices from the graph with replacement, with probabilities proportional to their degrees plus a constant α. A new vertex joins the network and attaches to one of these vertices according to a given probability associated to the ranking of their locations. We give conditions for the occurrence of condensation, showing the existence of phase transitions in α below which condensation occurs. The condensation in our model differs from that in preferential attachment models with fitness in that the condensation can occur at a random location, that it can be due to a persistent hub, and that there can be more than one point of condensation.
10.3: Invited Paper: A Novel QD‐OLED Structure of High Optical Efficiency
Authors: Li Yuanyuan , Wu Yunchun , Zhang Shijie , Yuan Wei , Zhang Shuren , Jiao Shibo , Peng Wenxiang , Li Dongze , Lu Po-yen
Published: October 2019

QD‐OLED device performance is unsatisfactory nowadays, due to the limited efficiency of blue OLED material as well as the low efficient converting rate of QD material. Here we proposed a novel structure of QD‐OLED, using white OLED as the excitation. The device shows higher optical efficiency compared with QD‐OLED with Blue OLED as excitation. In addition, a 6.6 inch green QD‐OLED was demostrated with the proposed structure.
23.5: Improvement of Ambient Contrast of Micro‐LED Devices with High Reliability
Authors: Zhang Ke , Yan Siwu , Liu Yibo , Han Tingting , Cho Wai Keung , Liu Zhaojun , Kwok Hoi-Sing
Published: October 2019

Micro‐LEDs are attracting more and more attention recently due to the excellent electrical and optical properties. The performance of Micro‐LEDs in different environment becomes very important in order to meet the requirement of various applications or even multi‐function mode. However, for display, we found the reflection of ambient light from metal electrode will reduce the contrast ration seriously. Therefore, more researches have be done to solve this problem and maximize the strengths of Micro‐LEDs. Here, we report the fabrication of Micro‐LEDs with varied size from 200um pitch to 20um pitch. The devices performance under different environment have been tested, showing great stability and reliability. Besides, the ambient contrast ratio (ACR) has been investigated, and a reflection elimination method has been proposed as well. Besides, according to the comparison between mini‐LED display and Micro‐LED display, the relationship between metal electrode design and light reflection has been investigated. And a trade‐off method has also been proposed, showing great potential to improve the performance of Micro‐LED display.
24.1: Invited Paper: Development of 55 inch 4K AMOLED TV by Inkjet Printing Process
Authors: Wu Zhongyuan , Shih Huaiting , Wang Huifeng , Liao Jinlong , Ma Kaihong , Yan Liangchen , Yu Jianwei
Published: October 2019

This paper proposed a 55 inch 4K AMOLED TV by using Inkjet printing process. The backplane is based on bottom emission structure with Oxide TFTs, and color filter is integrated on array to achieve wide color gamut. The R/G/B pixels are designed with different aperture ratios to avoid white color shirt during the OLED device decay. The inkjet printing process is optimized by backplane pre‐treatment, nozzle stability maintaining and drying process tuning to implement mura‐free display. The prototype TV shows the good display quality with a high degree of uniformity and wide color gamut. It proves that the inkjet printing process is very promising to be used to manufacture the large‐size and low‐cost AMOLED displays.
P‐13.13: The Technology of Narrow Border in Mobile Display
Authors: Ren Ruihuan , Zong Jiwen , Lee Wonkyu , Zhao Haiting , Chen Hao
Published: October 2019

Thanks to new display technology development, mobile phone has been evolving from early analog phone to current smart phone. Most noticeable evidences include display evolution from digital to liquid crystal (LCD), and to more recent active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diode (AMOLED), color advancement from monochromic to full‐color, and display panel size from small‐screen to large‐screen. Besides, full‐screen has also become a new trend in mobile phone market since 2017. To meet the full‐screen display and/or to achieve the high screen‐to‐body ratio, display panel makers have come out a variety of screen design, notch, dew‐drop, hole‐punch, etc. Equally important, narrow border is another key technical requirement that will help increase the screen‐to‐body ratio, ultimately, enhancing visual experience. Technically, screen‐to‐body ratio of 90% or higher can be considered as a full‐screen. In order to meet this full‐screen display, it is necessary to reduce the bottom‐border from 4 mm to 1 mm, and leftand right‐borders from 1.2 mm to 0.5 mm, simultaneously. However, narrow border should be compatible with ESD, De‐mux circuits. This would require a width of about 1 mm in the FANOUT area. In addition, since the upper/left/right‐borders are only 0.5 mm or narrower, frit sealing may have only about 300 um in width, putting panel reliability in a great risk.

In this paper, we will describe our technology route that not only can meet narrow border specification in the AMOLED display, but also can maintain the panel stability.
Design and Synthesis of 3‐(N‐Substituted)aminocoumarins as Anticancer Agents from 3‐Bromopeuruthenicin
Authors: Lipeeva Alla V. , Zakharov Danila O. , Gatilov Yurii V. , Pokrovskii Mikhail A. , Pokrovskii Andrey G. , Shults Elvira E.
Published: October 2019

A convenient protocol for the rapid and efficient synthesis of 3‐bromopeuruthenicin 2 from plant coumarin peuruthenicin 1 is described. Coumarin 2 have been successfully reacted with N‐methylpiperazine, or 5‐aminoisoquinoline under reflux in chloroform with the formation of 3‐(N‐substituted)aminoumbelliferons. The easiness of formation of the mentioned compounds can be explained by occurring of the tautomerization processes in 3‐bromo‐7‐hydroxycoumarin 2 in the reaction conditions. For obtaining high yields of 3‐(arylamino)coumarins in the reaction of 3‐bromocoumarin 2 with substituted anilines the palladium‐catalyzed C–N coupling reaction was studied. The reaction proceeded cleanly in the presence of the Pd(OAc)2‐Xantphos catalytic system with the formation of the corresponding coupling products. The Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction of 3‐(3‐bromophenylamino)coumarin 8 f with aryl‐ and (hetaryl)boronic acids 11,13 and 14 using PdCl2(dppf) as the catalyst provided the formation of 3‐(N‐(aryl‐hetaryl))aminocoumarins 12, 15 and 16 in good yields. The cytotoxicity of new umbelliferone derivatives was evaluated against human cancer cells using the conventional MTT assays. The data revealed that compounds 12, 15 and 16 possessed most promising cytotoxic potential; aminocoumarins 12 and 16 shown selectivity toward the breast cancer cells MCF‐7. The cytotoxicity of 3‐(N‐substituted)aminocoumarins 12 and 16 on this cell lines was comparable to those of standard drug Doxorubicin.
Properties of Carbon Xerogels Supported Cobalt‐Based Catalysts and Their Performance in CO Hydrogenation Reaction
Authors: Han Yaoyao , Jin Yan , Hong Jingping , Jin Shiwei , Zhang Yuhua , Li Jinlin
Published: October 2019

Carbon xerogels (C−X), which synthesized by a convenient method with moderate porous texture and high surface area, was used as potential support for cobalt‐based catalysts, and the catalytic performance was studied by CO hydrogenation. The use of activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as supports was also investigated for comparison. The catalysts were prepared by incipient wetness impregnation method, and adjustment of cobalt dispersion on Co/C−X was achieved by variation of the decomposition approaches of cobalt nitrate. Characterization and CO hydrogenation results showed that C−X is a good candidate as catalyst support, it could homogeneously disperse both big cobalt particles and small ones. And the supported Co/C−X catalysts had either higher catalytic activity or better reaction stability, in comparison with CNTs and AC supported counterparts. Glow discharge plasma assisted decomposition of cobalt nitrate led to the formation of much smaller cobalt particles, and due to the inert properties of carbon materials, the Co/C−X‐P catalyst showed both higher cobalt dispersion and cobalt reducibility than the calcined counterpart, and thus presented a much higher CO hydrogenation activity with good reaction stability as well.
ZnCl2/Urea Eutectic Solvent as Stable Carbonylation Source for Benign Synthesis of 2–Benzimidazolones and 2–Imidazolones: An Effective Strategy for Preventing NH3 Gas Evolution
Authors: Aghapoor Kioumars , Mohsenzadeh Farshid , Darabi Hossein Reza , Sayahi Hani , Jalali Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2019

The synthesis of 2‐benzimidazolone and 2‐imidazolone derivatives from urea as an inexpensive widely available carbonyl source is usually performed in high boiling organic solvents accompanied by ammonia evolution, due to urea decomposition. In this paper, a sustainable method has been introduced for the synthesis of these N,N‐heterocycles by employing zinc chloride:urea (1 : 3.5) type IV eutectic mixture under mild reaction conditions. No urea was used directly in the reaction owing to the fact that the eutectic mixture (containing urea itself) suffice to provide the carbonylation source. This new concept allowed the smooth conversion of a range of arene‐1,2‐diamines and benzoins to the corresponding N,N‐heterocycle in efficient yields. The remarkable advantage of this green protocol over other conventional heating procedures is that all reactions are conducted under open‐vessel conditions due to the absorption of the evolved ammonia by the eutectic mixture during the reaction process. (© WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Polyethylene‐Glycol‐Based Thermoreversible Biscarbamate Hydrogels and Metallogels Synthesized through Non‐Isocyanate Route
Authors: Bindu Hima , Palanisamy Aruna
Published: October 2019

In this work, an isocyanate free approach has been adopted to synthesize hydroxy urethanes exhibiting self‐assembling properties. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) end capped with glycerol carbonate was subjected to aminolysis with aliphatic mono amines to yield bishydroxyl urethanes. The amphiphile thus obtained exhibited gelation in water to yield thermoreversible hydrogels. The hydroxyl groups of urethane bond initiated self‐assembly through intra and intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the secondary hydroxyl groups and amide group of the biscarbamate moiety and this was exemplified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) studies. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that gel melting temperatures are influenced by the length of aliphatic mono amines. Orientation of the gelator molecules and the mode of aggregation of molecules into sheets during the self‐assembly was confirmed by XRD studies and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM). Visco‐elastic properties of resulting PEG‐hydrogels were studied by rheology. In addition, incorporation of metal ions increased the mechanical strength and thermal stability, which was assisted by complex formation between the metal ions and gelator molecules. One of the metal ion responsive hydrogel was capable of entrapping vitamin B12 and the slow release of drug molecule triggered in acidic pH was demonstrated.
Hybrid Protein Nano‐Reactors Enable Simultaneous Increments of Tumor Oxygenation and Iodine‐131 Delivery for Enhanced Radionuclide Therapy
Authors: Chen Jiawen , Liang Chao , Song Xuejiao , Yi Xuan , Yang Kai , Feng Liangzhu , Liu Zhuang
Published: October 2019

It is hard for current radionuclide therapy to render solid tumors desirable therapeutic efficacy owing to insufficient tumor‐targeted delivery of radionuclides and severe tumor hypoxia. In this study, a biocompatible hybrid protein nanoreactor composed of human serum albumin (HSA) and catalase (CAT) molecules is constructed via glutaraldehyde‐mediated crosslinking. The obtained HSA‐CAT nanoreactors (NRs) show retained and well‐protected enzyme stability in catalyzing the decomposition of H2O2 and enable efficient labeling of therapeutic radionuclide iodine‐131 (131I). Then, it is uncovered that such HSA‐CAT NRs after being intravenously injected into tumor‐bearing mice exhibit efficient passive tumor accumulation as vividly visualized under the fluorescence imaging system and gamma camera. As the result, such HSA‐CAT NRs upon tumor accumulation would significantly attenuate tumor hypoxia by decomposing endogenous H2O2 produced by cancer cells to molecular oxygen, and thereby remarkably improve the therapeutic efficacy of radionuclide 131I. This study highlights the concise preparation of biocompatible protein nanoreactors with efficient tumor homing and hypoxia attenuation capacities, thus enabling greatly improved tumor radionuclide therapy with promising potential for future clinical translation.
Strengthening Social Programs to Promote Economic Stability During Childhood
Authors: Hardy Bradley , Hill Heather D. , Romich Jennie
Published: October 2019

Economic instability has increased in recent decades and is higher for families with low incomes and Black families. Such instability is thought to be driven primarily by precarious work and unstable family structure. In addition, the social safety net has become less of a stabilizing force for low‐income families, in part because benefits are often tied to employment and earnings. Too much change in economic circumstances may disrupt investments in children, parenting practices, and family routines—particularly if the economic changes are unpredictable, undesired, or not part of upward mobility. Given the considerable evidence that economic circumstances affect child health and development, economic stability can and should be an important goal of multiple policy domains. In this report, we describe economic instability, review the pertinent theories for considering how economic instability might matter to children, and describe ideas for policies that could reduce or moderate instability. We include policies that reduce instability in earnings, use public assistance to stabilize income or reduce material hardship, or enhance parents' capacity to deal with or avoid instability.
Core‐sets: An updated survey
Authors: Feldman Dan
Published: October 2019

In optimization or machine learning problems we are given a set of items, usually points in some metric space, and the goal is to minimize or maximize an objective function over some space of candidate solutions. For example, in clustering problems, the input is a set of points in some metric space, and a common goal is to compute a set of centers in some other space (points, lines) that will minimize the sum of distances to these points. In database queries, we may need to compute such a some for a specific query set of k centers. However, traditional algorithms cannot handle modern systems that require parallel real‐time computations of infinite distributed streams from sensors such as GPS, audio or video that arrive to a cloud, or networks of weaker devices such as smartphones or robots. Core‐set is a “small data” summarization of the input “big data,” where every possible query has approximately the same answer on both data sets. Generic techniques enable efficient coreset maintenance of streaming, distributed and dynamic data. Traditional algorithms can then be applied on these coresets to maintain the approximated optimal solutions. The challenge is to design coresets with provable tradeoff between their size and approximation error. This survey summarizes such constructions in a retrospective way, that aims to unified and simplify the state‐of‐the‐art.

This article is categorized under

Algorithmic Development > Structure Discovery

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining

Technologies > Machine Learning

Algorithmic Development > Scalable Statistical Methods
A link that matters: towards phenomenological tests of unimodular asymptotic safety
Authors: de Brito Gustavo P. , Eichhorn Astrid , Pereira Antonio D.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Constraining quantum gravity from observations is a challenge. We expand on the idea that the interplay of quantum gravity with matter could be key to meeting this challenge. Thus, we set out to confront different potential candidates for quantum gravity — unimodular asymptotic safety, Weyl-squared gravity and asymptotically safe gravity — with constraints arising from demanding an ultraviolet complete Standard Model. Specifically, we show that within approximations, demanding that quantum gravity solves the Landau-pole problems in Abelian gauge couplings and Yukawa couplings strongly constrains the viable gravitational parameter space. In the case of Weyl-squared gravity with a dimensionless gravitational coupling, we also investigate whether the gravitational contribution to beta functions in the matter sector calculated from functional Renormalization Group techniques is universal, by studying the dependence on the regulator, metric field parameterization and choice of gauge.
An analytic solution for the equal-mass banana graph
Authors: Broedel Johannes , Duhr Claude , Dulat Falko , Marzucca Robin , Penante Brenda , Tancredi Lorenzo
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We present fully analytic results for all master integrals for the three-loop banana graph with four equal and non-zero masses. The results are remarkably simple and all integrals are expressed as linear combinations of iterated integrals of modular forms of uniform weight for the same congruence subgroup as for the two-loop equal-mass sunrise graph. We also show how to write the results in terms of elliptic polylogarithms evaluated at rational points.
Luminous signals of inelastic dark matter in large detectors
Authors: Eby Joshua , Fox Patrick J. , Harnik Roni , Kribs Graham D.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

We study luminous dark matter signals in models with inelastic scattering. Dark matter χ
1 that scatters inelastically off elements in the Earth is kicked into an excited state χ
2 that can subsequently decay into a monoenergetic photon inside a detector. The photon signal exhibits large sidereal-daily modulation due to the daily rotation of the Earth and anisotropies in the problem: the dark matter wind comes from the direction of Cygnus due to the Sun's motion relative to the galaxy, and the rock overburden is anisotropic, as is the dark matter scattering angle. This allows outstanding separation of signal from backgrounds. We investigate the sensitivity of two classes of large underground detectors to this modulating photon line signal: large liquid scintillator neutrino experiments, including Borexino and JUNO, and the proposed large gaseous scintillator directional detection experiment CYGNUS. Borexino's (JUNO's) sensitivity exceeds the bounds from xenon experiments on inelastic nuclear recoil for mass splittings

$$ \delta \underset{\sim }{>} $$

δ

>
˜

240 (180) keV, and is the only probe of inelastic dark matter for 350 keV

$$ \underset{\sim }{<}\delta \underset{\sim }{<} $$

<
˜

δ

<
˜

600 keV. CYGNUS's sensitivity is at least comparable to xenon experiments with ~ 10m3 volume detector for

$$ \delta \underset{\sim }{<} $$

δ

<
˜

150 keV, and could be substantially better with larger volumes and improved background rejection. Such improvements lead to the unusual situation that the inelastic signal becomes the superior way to search for dark matter even if the elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections are comparable.
ABJM flux-tube and scattering amplitudes
Authors: Basso Benjamin , Belitsky Andrei V.
Published: October 2019

Abstract

There is a number of indications that scattering amplitudes in the Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena theory might have a dual description in terms of a holonomy of a supergauge connection on a null polygonal contour in a way analogous to the four-dimensional maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. However, so far its explicit implementations evaded a successful completion. The difficulty is intimately tied to the lack of the T-self-duality of the sigma model on the string side of the gauge/string correspondence. Unscathed by the last misfortune, we initiate with this study an application of the pentagon paradigm to scattering amplitudes of the theory. With the language being democratic and nondiscriminatory to whether one considers a Wilson loop expectation value or an amplitude, the success in the application of the program points towards a possible unified observable on the field theory side. Our present consideration is focused on two-loop perturbation theory in the planar limit, begging for higher loop data in order to bootstrap current analysis to all orders in the ’t Hooft coupling.
Hamiltonian Monodromy and Morse Theory
Authors: Martynchuk N. , Broer H. W. , Efstathiou K.
Published: October 2019

We show that Hamiltonian monodromy of an integrable two degrees of freedom system with a global circle action can be computed by applying Morse theory to the Hamiltonian of the system. Our proof is based on Takens’s index theorem, which specifies how the energy-h Chern number changes when h passes a non-degenerate critical value, and a choice of admissible cycles in Fomenko–Zieschang theory. Connections of our result to some of the existing approaches to monodromy are discussed.
Animal models of major depression: drawbacks and challenges
Authors: Planchez Barbara , Surget Alexandre , Belzung Catherine
Published: October 2019

Major depression is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. This situation is mainly related to the chronicity and/or recurrence of the disorder, and to poor response to antidepressant therapy. Progress in this area requires valid animal models. Current models are based either on manipulating the environment to which rodents are exposed (during the developmental period or adulthood) or biological underpinnings (i.e. gene deletion or overexpression of candidate genes, targeted lesions of brain areas, optogenetic control of specific neuronal populations, etc.). These manipulations can alter specific behavioural and biological outcomes that can be related to different symptomatic and pathophysiological dimensions of major depression. However, animal models of major depression display substantial shortcomings that contribute to the lack of innovative pharmacological approaches in recent decades and which hamper our capabilities to investigate treatment-resistant depression. Here, we discuss the validity of these models, review putative models of treatment-resistant depression, major depression subtypes and recurrent depression. Furthermore, we identify future challenges regarding new paradigms such as those proposing dimensional rather than categorical approaches to depression.
NMR Study of Synthetic Gallosilicate Natrolite
Authors: Paczwa M. , Sapiga A. A. , Olszewski M. , Sapiga A. V. , Sergeev N. A.
Published: October 2019

Solid-state29Si and71Ga NMR was used to study the synthetic gallosilicate Na16Ga16Si24O80·16H2O (Ga–natrolite). It has been shown that Ga–natrolite contains mainly Si(GaO4)3(SiO4) and Si(GaO4)2(SiO4)2-structural units and has sufficiently ordered structure. Temperature dependence of the spin–lattice relaxation timeT1of71Ga nuclei has also been studied using solid-state NMR. Spin–lattice relaxation of the71Ga was determined to be governed by the electric quadrupole interaction with the crystal electric field gradients modulated by translational motion of H2O molecules in the Ga–natrolite pores.