bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of younger patients with mantle cell lymphoma experiencing late relapse (>24 months): the LATE-POD study
Authors: Malinverni Chiara , Bernardelli Andrea , Glimelius Ingrid , Mirandola Massimo , Smedby Karin E. , Tisi Maria Chiara , Giné Eva , Albertsson-Lindblad Alexandra , Marin-Niebla Ana , Di Rocco Alice , Moita Filipa , Sciarra Roberta , Bašić-Kinda Sandra , Hess Georg , Ohler Anke , Eskelund Christian W. , Re Alessandro , Ferrarini Isacco , Kolstad Arne , Räty Riikka , Quaglia Francesca Maria , Eyre Toby A. , Scapinello Greta , Stefani Piero Maria , Morello Lucia , Nassi Luca , Hohaus Stefan , Ragaini Simone , Zilioli Vittorio Ruggero , Bruna Riccardo , Cocito Federica , Arcari Annalisa , Jerkeman Mats , Visco Carlo
Published: May 2024

Patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) who experience first relapse/refractoriness can be categorized into early or late progression-of-disease (POD) groups, with a threshold of 24 months from MCL diagnosis. Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) are the established standard treatment at first relapse, but their effectiveness compared with chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) in late-POD patients remains unknown. In this international, observational cohort study, we evaluated outcomes among patients at first, late POD beyond 24 months. The primary objective was progression-free survival from the time of second-line therapy (PFS-2) of BTKi vs CIT. Overall, 385 late-POD patients were included from 10 countries. Their median age was 59 years (range, 19-70), and 77% were male. Median follow-up from the time of second-line therapy was 53 months (range, 12-144). Overall, 114 patients had second-line BTKi, whereas 271 had CIT, consisting of rituximab-bendamustine (R-B; n = 101), R-B and cytarabine (R-BAC; n = 70), or other regimens (mostly cyclophosphamide-hydroxydaunorubicin-vincristine-prednisone]- or platinum-based; n = 100). The 2 groups were balanced in clinicopathological features and median time to first relapse. Overall, BTKi was associated with significantly prolonged median PFS-2 than CIT (not reached [NR] vs 26 months, respectively; P = .0003) and overall survival (NR and 56 months, respectively; P = .03). Multivariate analyses showed that BTKi was associated with lower risk of death than R-B and other regimens (hazard ratio, 0.41 for R-B and 0.46 for others), but similar to R-BAC. These results may establish BTKi as the preferable second-line approach in patients with BTKi-naïve MCL.
Heritability of cough across two generations: the RHINESSA study
Authors: Emilsson Össur Ingi , Johansson Henrik , Johannessen Ane , Janson Christer , Palm Andreas , Franklin Karl A. , Oudin Anna , Gómez Real Francisco , Holm Mathias , Gislason Thorarinn , Lindberg Eva , Jõgi Rain , Schlünssen Vivi , Callejas-González Francisco Javier , Zhang Jingwen , Malinovschi Andrei , Svanes Cecilie , Ekström Magnus
Published: May 2024

Aim

Heritability of cough has not yet been studied. We aimed to evaluate if individuals with cough are more likely to have offspring who develop cough, and if these associations differ by type of cough (productive/nonproductive).

Methods

The RHINESSA Generation Study (Respiratory Health In Northern Europe, Spain and Australia) includes 7155 parents (initially aged 30–54) answering detailed questionnaires in 2000 and 2010, and 8176 offspring ≥20 years answering similar questionnaires in 2012–2019. Chronic cough was categorised as productive or nonproductive (dry) cough. Associations between parental and offspring cough were analysed using mixed-effects logistic regression, adjusting for offspring age, sex, body mass index, smoking history, education level, current asthma, rhinitis, nocturnal gastroesophageal reflux; parent sex and smoking history; centre and family.

Results

Among parents with nonproductive cough, 11% of their offspring reported nonproductive cough, compared with 7% of offspring to parents without nonproductive cough, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.59 (95% confidence interval 1.20–2.10). Among parents with productive cough, 14% of their offspring reported productive cough, compared with 11% of offspring to parents without productive cough, aOR 1.34 (1.07–1.67). No associations were found between parent productive cough–offspring nonproductive cough, nor between parent nonproductive cough–offspring productive cough.

Conclusions

Parents with chronic cough are more likely to have offspring with chronic cough independent of parental asthma, suggesting cough to be a separate heritable trait. The type of cough is important, as the nonproductive cough in parent associates only with nonproductive cough in offspring, and the same applied for productive cough.
Management of physical and psychological trauma resulting from motor vehicle crashes in Australian general practice: a mixed-methods approach
Authors: Bernardo Carla , Hoon Elizabeth , Gonzalez-Chica David Alejandro , Frank Oliver , Black-Tiong Sean , Stocks Nigel
Published: May 2024

Background

In Australia, motor vehicle crashes (MVC)-related health data are available from insurance claims and hospitals but not from primary care settings. This study aimed to identify the frequency of MVC-related consultations in Australian general practices, explore the pharmacological management of health conditions related to those crashes, and investigate general practitioners’ (GPs) perceived barriers and enablers in managing these patients.

Methods

Mixed-methods study. The quantitative component explored annual MVC-related consultation rates over seven years, the frequency of chronic pain, depression, anxiety or sleep issues after MVC, and management with opioids, antidepressants, anxiolytics or sedatives in a sample of 1,438,864 patients aged 16 + years attending 402 Australian general practices (MedicineInsight). Subsequently, we used content analysis of 81 GPs’ qualitative responses to an online survey that included some of our quantitative findings to explore their experiences and attitudes to managing patients after MVC.

Results

MVC-related consultation rates remained stable between 2012 and 2018 at around 9.0 per 10,000 consultations. In 2017/2018 compared to their peers, those experiencing a MVC had a higher frequency of chronic pain (48% vs. 26%), depression/anxiety (20% vs. 13%) and sleep issues (7% vs. 4%). In general, medications were prescribed more after MVC. Opioid prescribing was much higher among patients after MVC than their peers, whether they consulted for chronic pain (23.8% 95%CI 21.6;26.0 vs. 15.2%, 95%CI 14.5;15.8 in 2017/2018, respectively) or not (15.8%, 95%CI 13.9;17.6 vs. 6.7%, 95% CI 6.4;7.0 in 2017/2018). Qualitative analyses identified a lack of guidelines, local referral pathways and decision frameworks as critical barriers for GPs to manage patients after MVC. GPs also expressed interest in having better access to management tools for specific MVC-related consequences (e.g., whiplash/seatbelt injuries, acute/chronic pain management, mental health issues).

Conclusion

Chronic pain, mental health issues and the prescription of opioids were more frequent among patients experiencing MVC. This reinforces the relevance of appropriate management to limit the physical and psychological impact of MVC. GPs identified a lack of available resources (e.g. education, checklists and management support tools) for managing MVC-related consequences, and the need for local referral pathways and specific guidelines to escalate treatments.
The impact of pharmacotherapy on sexual function in female patients being treated for idiopathic overactive bladder: a systematic review
Authors: Evans Christopher Neal Bruce , Badenhorst Anja , Van Wijk Frans Jacob
Published: May 2024

Background

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a condition defined by urgency with or without incontinence which disproportionately affects female patients and has a negative impact on sexual enjoyment and avoidance behaviour. Pharmacotherapy can be considered one of the main options for treating OAB. This research set out to determine the impact of pharmacotherapy on sexual function in females with OAB.

Methods

This research used the robust methodology of a systematic review. The clinical question was formulated using the PICO (population, intervention, control, and outcomes) format to include females being treated with pharmacotherapy (anticholinergics or beta-3 adrenergic agonists) for idiopathic OAB with the use of a validated questionnaire assessing self-reported sexual function at baseline and post-treatment. The review incorporated the MEDLINE, PubMed and EMBASE databases. The AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) appraisal tool was used to guide the review process. Two reviewers worked independently in screening abstracts, deciding on the inclusion of full-texts, data extraction and risk of bias assessment.

Results

In female patients with OAB, pharmacotherapy does seem to offer at least partial improvement in self-reported sexual function outcomes after 12 weeks of therapy. Still, the value of this finding is limited by an overall poor quality of evidence. Patients with a higher degree of bother at baseline stand to benefit the most from treatment when an improvement within this health-related quality of life domain is sought.

Conclusion

This research should form the basis for a well-conducted randomized controlled study to accurately assess sexual function improvements in females being treated with pharmacotherapy for OAB.
Detection method for reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification of avian influenza virus subtypes H5, H7, and H9
Authors: Zhang Zongshu , Zhang Zichuang , Wang Chunguang , Zhai Xianghe , Wang Wenjing , Chen Xi , Zhang Tie
Published: May 2024

Background

Avian influenza virus (AIV) not only causes huge economic losses to the poultry industry, but also threatens human health. Reverse transcription recombinase-aided amplification (RT-RAA) is a novel isothermal nucleic acid amplification technology. This study aimed to improve the detection efficiency of H5, H7, and H9 subtypes of AIV and detect the disease in time. This study established RT-RAA-LFD and real-time fluorescence RT-RAA (RF-RT-RAA) detection methods, which combined RT-RAA with lateral flow dipstick (LFD) and exo probe respectively, while primers and probes were designed based on the reaction principle of RT-RAA.

Results

The results showed that RT-RAA-LFD could specifically amplify H5, H7, and H9 subtypes of AIV at 37 °C, 18 min, 39 °C, 20 min, and 38 °C, 18 min, respectively. The sensitivity of all three subtypes for RT-RAA-LFD was 102 copies/µL, which was 10 ∼100 times higher than that of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) agarose electrophoresis method. RF-RT-RAA could specifically amplify H5, H7, and H9 subtypes of AIV at 40 °C, 20 min, 38 °C, 16 min, and 39 °C, 17 min, respectively. The sensitivity of all three subtypes for RF-RT-RAA was 101 copies/µL, which was consistent with the results of real-time fluorescence quantification RT-PCR, and 100 ∼1000 times higher than that of RT-PCR-agarose electrophoresis method. The total coincidence rate of the two methods and RT-PCR-agarose electrophoresis in the detection of clinical samples was higher than 95%.

Conclusions

RT-RAA-LFD and RF-RT-RAA were successfully established in this experiment, with quick response, simple operation, strong specificity, high sensitivity, good repeatability, and stability. They are suitable for the early and rapid diagnosis of Avian influenza and they have positive significance for the prevention, control of the disease, and public health safety.
A screen for Plasmodium falciparum sporozoite surface protein binding to human hepatocyte surface receptors identifies novel host–pathogen interactions
Authors: Segireddy Rameswara R. , Belda Hugo , Yang Annie S. P. , Dundas Kirsten , Knoeckel Julia , Galaway Francis , Wood Laura , Quinkert Doris , Knuepfer Ellen , Treeck Moritz , Wright Gavin J. , Douglas Alexander D.
Published: May 2024

Background

Sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes is an essential step in the Plasmodium life-cycle and has similarities, at the cellular level, to merozoite invasion of erythrocytes. In the case of the Plasmodium blood-stage, efforts to identify host–pathogen protein–protein interactions have yielded important insights including vaccine candidates. In the case of sporozoite-hepatocyte invasion, the host–pathogen protein–protein interactions involved are poorly understood.

Methods

To gain a better understanding of the protein–protein interaction between the sporozoite ligands and host receptors, a systematic screen was performed. The previous Plasmodium falciparum and human surface protein ectodomain libraries were substantially extended, resulting in the creation of new libraries comprising 88 P. falciparum sporozoite protein coding sequences and 182 sequences encoding human hepatocyte surface proteins. Having expressed recombinant proteins from these sequences, a plate-based assay was used, capable of detecting low affinity interactions between recombinant proteins, modified for enhanced throughput, to screen the proteins for interactions. The novel interactions identified in the screen were characterized biochemically, and their essential role in parasite invasion was further elucidated using antibodies and genetically manipulated Plasmodium parasites.

Results

A total of 7540 sporozoite-hepatocyte protein pairs were tested under conditions capable of detecting interactions of at least 1.2 µM KD. An interaction between the human fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) and the P. falciparum protein Pf34 is identified and reported here, characterizing its affinity and demonstrating the blockade of the interaction by reagents, including a monoclonal antibody. Furthermore, further interactions between Pf34 and a second P. falciparum rhoptry neck protein, PfRON6, and between human low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and the P. falciparum protein PIESP15 are identified.

Conditional genetic deletion confirmed the essentiality of PfRON6 in the blood-stage, consistent with the important role of this protein in parasite lifecycle. Pf34 was refractory to attempted genetic modification. Antibodies to Pf34 abrogated the interaction and had a modest effect upon sporozoite invasion into primary human hepatocytes.

Conclusion

Pf34 and PfRON6 may be members of a functionally important invasion complex which could be a target for future interventions. The modified interaction screening assay, protein expression libraries and P. falciparum mutant parasites reported here may be a useful tool for protein interaction discovery and antigen candidate screening which could be of wider value to the scientific community.
Dual-function antimicrobial-antibiofilm peptide hybrid to tackle biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Wongchai Mathira , Wongkaewkhiaw Saharut , Kanthawong Sakawrat , Roytrakul Sittiruk , Aunpad Ratchaneewan
Published: May 2024

Background

Due to their resistance and difficulty in treatment, biofilm-associated infections are problematic among hospitalized patients globally and account for 60% of all bacterial infections in humans. Antibiofilm peptides have recently emerged as an alternative treatment since they can be effectively designed and exert a different mode of biofilm inhibition and eradication.

Methods

A novel antibiofilm peptide, BiF, was designed from the conserved sequence of 18 α-helical antibiofilm peptides by template-assisted technique and its activity was improved by hybridization with a lipid binding motif (KILRR). Novel antibiofilm peptide derivatives were modified by substituting hydrophobic amino acids at positions 5 or 7, and both, with positively charged lysines (L5K, L7K). These peptide derivatives were tested for antibiofilm and antimicrobial activities against biofilm-forming Staphylococcus epidermidis and multiple other microbes using crystal violet and broth microdilution assays, respectively. To assess their impact on mammalian cells, the toxicity of peptides was determined through hemolysis and cytotoxicity assays. The stability of candidate peptide, BiF2_5K7K, was assessed in human serum and its secondary structure in bacterial membrane-like environments was analyzed using circular dichroism. The action of BiF2_5K7K on planktonic S. epidermidis and its effect on biofilm cell viability were assessed via viable counting assays. Its biofilm inhibition mechanism was investigated through confocal laser scanning microscopy and transcription analysis. Additionally, its ability to eradicate mature biofilms was examined using colony counting. Finally, a preliminary evaluation involved coating a catheter with BiF2_5K7K to assess its preventive efficacy against S. epidermidis biofilm formation on the catheter and its surrounding area.

Results

BiF2_5K7K, the modified antibiofilm peptide, exhibited dose-dependent antibiofilm activity against S. epidermidis. It inhibited biofilm formation at subinhibitory concentrations by altering S. epidermidis extracellular polysaccharide production and quorum-sensing gene expression. Additionally, it exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and no significant hemolysis or toxicity against mammalian cell lines was observed. Its activity is retained when exposed to human serum. In bacterial membrane-like environments, this peptide formed an α-helix amphipathic structure. Within 4 h, a reduction in the number of S. epidermidis colonies was observed, demonstrating the fast action of this peptide. As a preliminary test, a BiF2_5K7K-coated catheter was able to prevent the development of S. epidermidis biofilm both on the catheter surface and in its surrounding area.

Conclusions

Due to the safety and effectiveness of BiF2_5K7K, we suggest that this peptide be further developed to combat biofilm infections, particularly those of biofilm-forming S. epidermidis.
Xpert HIV-1 qual point-of-care testing for HIV early infant diagnosis in Tanzania: experiences and perceptions of health care workers in a 2016 study
Authors: Boniface Siriel , Lwilla Anange , Mahiga Hellen , Pamba Doreen , Geisenberger Otto , France John , Mokeha Rebecca , Njovu Lilian , Kisinda Abisai , Ntinginya Nyanda Elias , Hoelscher Michael , Kroidl Arne , Sabi Issa
Published: May 2024

Background

HIV early infant diagnosis (HEID) at the centralized laboratory faces many challenges that impact the cascade of timely HEID. Point of Care (PoC) HEID has shown to reduce test turnaround times, allow for task shifting and has the potential to reduce infant mortality. We aimed at assessing the feasibility of nurse based PoC-HEID in five facilities of Mbeya region.

Methods

We analysed data from healthcare workers at five obstetric health facilities that participated in the BABY study which enrolled mothers living with HIV and their HIV exposed infants who were followed up until 6 weeks post-delivery. Nurses and laboratory personnel were trained and performed HEID procedures using the Xpert HIV-1 Qual PoC systems. Involved personnel were interviewed on feasibility, knowledge and competency of procedures and overall impression of the use of HIV-1 Qual PoC system in clinical settings.

Results

A total of 28 health care workers (HCWs) who participated in the study between 2014 and 2016 were interviewed, 23 being nurses, 1 clinical officer, 1 lab scientist and 3 lab technicians The median age was 39.5 years. Majority of the nurses (22/24) and all lab staff were confident using Gene Xpert PoC test after being trained. None of them rated Gene Xpert handling as too complicated despite minor challenges. Five HCWs (5/24) reported power cut as the most often occurring problem. As an overall impression, all interviewees agreed on PoC HEID to be used in clinical settings however, about half of them (11/24) indicated that the PoC-HEID procedures add a burden onto their routine workload.

Conclusion

Overall, health care workers in our study demonstrated very good perceptions and experiences of using PoC HEID. Efforts should be invested on quality training, targeted task distribution at the clinics, continual supportive supervision and power back up mechanisms to make the wide-scale adoption of nurse based PoC HEID testing a possibility.
Individualized strategies for depression: narrative review of clinical profiles responsive to vortioxetine
Authors: Cuomo Alessandro , Aguglia Andrea , De Berardis Domenico , Ventriglio Antonio , Gesi Camilla , Fagiolini Andrea
Published: May 2024

Background

Depression is a highly heterogeneous disorder, often resulting in suboptimal response and remission rates. This underscores the need for more nuanced clinical characterization of patients to tailor individualized treatment plans. Emerging evidence highlights the critical role of cognitive and emotional dysfunction in major depression, prompting the exploration of novel therapeutic interventions that target these specific symptom domains.

Main text

Vortioxetine, a multimodal antidepressant, enhances serotonergic activity while also modulating several other neurotransmitter systems involved in depressive symptoms such as emotional blunting, anhedonia, and cognitive dysfunction. Numerous randomized, placebo-controlled trials have demonstrated vortioxetine’s efficacy and safety in treating depression, particularly in specific subgroups of depressed patients, including those with cognitive deficits and comorbid anxiety symptoms or disorders. Although not randomized or placebo-controlled, studies have also shown vortioxetine’s efficacy in depressed patients with emotional blunting or anhedonia. Vortioxetine’s ability to effectively treat a range of depressive symptoms, including anhedonia, emotional blunting, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction, provides an individualized treatment solution for depressed individuals suffering from these symptoms. The purpose of this paper is to identify clinical profiles of patients who may benefit from vortioxetine, with the goal of optimizing therapeutic outcomes.

Conclusion

Vortioxetine has been shown to be effective for patients with depression and symptoms such as anhedonia, emotional blunting, anxiety, and cognitive dysfunction. Tailoring treatment plans to individual needs and personalizing treatment choices based on the specific symptoms presented by depressed patients improve treatment outcomes.
Parent-child relationship measures and pre-post treatment changes for a clinical preschool sample using DC:0-3R
Authors: Baans Nicole Elli Ursula , Janßen Marius , Müller Jörg Michael
Published: May 2024

Background

To reduce psychopathologies in children, various treatment approaches focus on the parent-child relationship. Disruptions in the parent-child relationship are outlined in the most recently revised versions of the Diagnostic Classification of Mental Health and Developmental Disorders of Infancy and Early Childhood (DC:0-3R/DC:0–5). The measures used to assess the parent-child relationship include the Parent-Infant Relationship Global Assessment Scale (PIRGAS) and the Relationship Problems Checklist (RPCL), which cover, e.g., essential concepts like over- or underinvolvement of the caregiver. However, not much is known about the cross-sectional and predictive value of PIRGAS and RPCL scores at admission to discharge, namely whether changes in these scores are correlated with child and maternal psychopathologies and changes through treatment.

Methods

Based on clinical records of 174 preschool-aged children of the Family Day Hospital, we report related basic descriptive data and changes from admission to discharge for the parent-child relationship, child behaviour, and maternal psychopathology. We used a Pearson correlation or a point-biserial correlation to describe the associations and performed a paired t-test to examine differences before and after measurement.

Results

Our results show overall improvements in our parent-child relationship measures and in child and maternal psychopathology. However, we observed little or no correlation between the parent-child relationship measures and child or maternal psychopathology.

Conclusions

We highlight potential drawbacks and limitations of the two relationship measures used that may explain the results of this study on the associations between the variables assessed. The discussion emphasizes the assessment of DC:0-3R/DC:0–5, which are popular in clinical practice for economic reasons.
Analysis of thermal videos for detection of lie during interrogation
Authors: Satpathi Saswata , Arafath K. Mohamed Ismail Yasar , Routray Aurobinda , Satpathi Partha Sarathi
Published: May 2024

The lie-detection tests are traditionally carried out by well-trained experts using polygraph machines. However, it is time-consuming, invasive, and, overall, a cumbersome process, not admissible by the court of law. Trained individuals can easily flaunt these tests. On the other hand, facial thermal imaging could be more effective as it is noninvasive and could be a stealth method of tracking the facial blood flow patterns, which have been proven to detect deceit. This paper presents a method based on facial thermal imaging to detect deception in human subjects. The major issue in such research is the lack of proper real-life databases which emulate the crime scenes. In this paper, first, we have developed a database based on almost real-life theft incidents with due diligence using isolated subjects over a period of time at a government hospital under the plea of free health checkup. The experiment has been conducted at Midnapore Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India, with proper ethical committee approval. The participants are selected at the behest of the police department with habitual crime records. Most of them have been repeatedly charged with petty crimes of pick-pocketing and stealing. They are invited individually at different instances of time under the plea of medical checkup where they have been enticed to steal cash. It is followed by a two-stage process, a friendly interaction followed by a slightly tougher interrogation. Their forehead and periorbital region skin surface temperature are recorded by a hidden thermal camera. Upon analysis, conspicuous changes in the temperature profile and blood flow pattern have been observed in the individuals who stole money and those who did not.
Developing practical strategies to reduce addiction-related stigma and discrimination in public addiction treatment centers: a mixed-methods study protocol
Authors: Khazaee-Pool Maryam , Naghibi Seyed Abolhassan , Pashaei Tahereh , Ponnet Koen
Published: May 2024

Background

People with substance use disorders (SUDs) have restricted engagement with health-care facilities and describe repeated experiences of stigma, discrimination, and mistreatment when receiving care at health-care and public addiction treatment centers (PATCs). The purpose of the current study is to design practical cultural-based strategies to reduce addiction-related stigma and discrimination at PATCs.

Methods/design

The present study will use a mixed-methods design with an explanatory sequential approach. Phase 1 of the study will combine a cluster sampling technique combined with a cross-sectional survey of Patients with Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) in Mazandaran, Iran. A total of three hundred and sixty individuals with SUDs will be selected to assess their experiences of stigma and factors predicting stigma. Phase 2 will involve qualitative study aimed at exploring participants’ perceptions regarding the aspects and determinants of their stigma experience. The participants will include two groups: people with SUDs and staff/health-care providers at PATCs. Participants for Phase 2 will be purposively sampled from those involved in Phase 1.Qualitative data will be collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions and analyzed using content analysis with a conventional approach. Phase 3 will focus on the development of new strategies to reduce the experiences of stigma among people with SUDs at PATCs. These strategies will be formulated based on the findings derived from the qualitative and quantitative data obtained in Phases 1 and 2, a comprehensive review of the literature, and expert opinions gathered using the nominal group technique.

Discussion

This is one of the few studies conducted within the domain of stigma pertaining to individuals who use drugs within the context of Iranian culture employing a mixed-methods approach, this study aims to develop culturally sensitive strategies to reduce such problems from the perspective of Iranian people who use drugs. It is anticipated that the study will yield evidence-based insights and provide practical strategies to reduce the stigma and discrimination experienced by people who use drugs at PATCs. Such outcomes are important for informing policymaking and designing healthcare interventions tailored to the needs of individuals grappling with substance dependency.
Work pressure, coping styles and occupational burnout among Chinese police officers: a meta-analytic review
Authors: Zhou Senlin , Li Miaomiao , Chen Siru , Jiang Daokui , Qu Ying , Xu Xizheng
Published: May 2024

The present study conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to systematically review the relationship between occupational burnout and work pressure among Chinese police officers. Additionally, the study explored the mediating role of coping styles using a meta-analytic structural equation model. The investigation involved a thorough search of CNKI, PubMed, PsychInfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, resulting in the identification of a total of 39 studies with 124 effect sizes and 14,089 police officers. The findings revealed a positive correlation between work pressure and occupational burnout among Chinese police officers (r = 0.410, 95% CI = [0.347, 0.469]). Furthermore, negative coping styles mediate the relationship between work pressure and occupational burnout. Importantly, these conclusions held true across various work regions for police officers. These results provide insights into the relationship magnitude between work pressure and occupational burnout in Chinese police work and shed light on the underlying mechanisms. Based on these findings, it is recommended that interventions focusing on reducing work pressure and fostering positive coping styles be implemented to mitigate occupational burnout among police officers.
Review of public health commodity distribution models in Nigeria
Authors: Rotimi Kunle
Published: May 2024

The distribution of public health commodities is a challenging activity directly responsible for the success of a public health program or intervention. Getting the distribution strategy right is a major concern of many health program implementers and stakeholders in Nigeria. This study intends to look at available models previously or currently used for the distribution of public health commodities in Nigeria. Literature search was carried out in PubMed and Google Scholar on articles related to the public health commodities distribution models in Nigeria. Websites of health organizations operating in Nigeria and publicly funded health institutions were also visited for gray literatures on public health commodities distribution strategies. The study shows the absent of scientific publication as source of information on the distribution model; instead, most of the research publications were review publications in addition to program reports from international nongovernmental organizations and health authorities in Nigeria. Direct delivery and information capture, pull and push, hub and spoke, 5 tier, vertical distribution, integrated distribution models were some of the models identified from the study. Analysis from the review suggests hub/spoke model and integrated model as a desirable model for the distribution of public health commodities.
Gravity field and crustal structure of the Eastern Arm of Sulawesi and the Banggai Archipelago, Eastern Indonesia
Authors: Mirnanda Eddy , Kusnida Dida , Nainggolan Tumpal Bernhard , Setyanta Budi , Subagio Subagio
Published: May 2024

The occurrence of extensive ophiolite masses and the development of the Batui-Balantak foreland thrust-fold belt on the Eastern Arm of Sulawesi can be attributed to the geologic process in the Neogene period when the Sulawesi Island Arc and the Banggai-Sula collided. Following the convergence, crustal fragments were further adjusted on a regional scale. This adjustment involved the rotation of crustal fragments into strike-slip faults on Sulawesi Island and the formation of extensional faults in the Banggai Archipelago. The analyses of the gravity field in the region of the eastern Sulawesi and Banggai Archipelago have yielded models that can potentially be interpreted as a representation of the underlying crustal structure in the region. The models can also be understood in a way that has consequences for tectonics. The tectonic episodes have played a significant role in the formation and development of sedimentary basins within the region. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the crustal structures of the Eastern Arm of Sulawesi and the Banggai Archipelago by means of analyzing gravity profiles. The findings of the analysis suggest that there is a slight thickening observed in the crustal block beneath the central portion of the eastern arm region. In addition, this area exhibits significant fracturing and severe attenuation. Furthermore, the crustal block has a dipped north-eastward trend in response to the ascent of the Molucca Sea oceanic crust.
Impact of Fee For Service on the Efficiency and Survival of Seguro Popular's Patients With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Mexico
Authors: Cerecero-García Diego , Macías-González Fernando , Muñoz-Aguirre Paloma , Huerta-Gutierrez Rodrigo , Zapata Martha , Rivera-Luna Roberto , Lajous Martin , Bautista-Arredondo Sergio
Published: May 2024

PURPOSE

Cost containment and efficiency in the provision of health care are primary concerns for health systems that aim to provide affordable, high-quality care. Between 2005 and 2015, Seguro Poplar's Fund against Catastrophic Expenditures (FPGC) funded ALL treatment in Mexico. Before January 1, 2011, FPGC reimbursed a fixed amount per patient according to risk. In 2011, the per capita reimbursement method changed to fee for service. We used this natural experiment to estimate the impact of the reimbursement policy change on average expenditure and quality of care for ALL treatment in Mexico.

METHODS

We used nationwide reimbursement data from the Seguro Poplar's FPGC from 2005 to 2015. We created a patient cohort to assess 3-year survival and estimate the average reimbursement before and after the fee-for-service policy. We examined survival and expenditure impacts, controlling for patients' and providers' characteristics, including sex, risk (standard and high), the volume of patients served, type of institution (federally funded v other), and level of care. To quantify the impact, we used a regression discontinuity approach.

RESULTS

The average reimbursement for standard-risk patients in the 3-year survival cohort was $16,512 US dollars (USD; 95% CI, 16,042 to 17,032) before 2011 and $10,205 USD (95% CI, 4,659 to 12,541) under the fee-for-service reimbursement scheme after 2011. The average annual reimbursement per patient decreased by 136% among high-risk patients. The reduction was also significant for the standard-risk cohort, although the magnitude was substantially smaller (34%).

CONCLUSION

As Mexico's government is currently restructuring the health system, our study provides evidence of the efficiency and effectiveness of the funding mechanism in the Mexican context. It also serves as a proof of concept for using administrative data to evaluate economic performance and quality of care of publicly funded health programs.
Clustering Identifies Subtypes With Different Phenotypic Characteristics in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: van der Ham Kim , Moolhuijsen Loes M E , Brewer Kelly , Sisk Ryan , Dunaif Andrea , Laven Joop S E , Louwers Yvonne V , Visser Jenny A
Published: May 2024

Context

Hierarchical clustering (HC) identifies subtypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).

Objective

This work aimed to identify clinically significant subtypes in a PCOS cohort diagnosed with the Rotterdam criteria and to further characterize the distinct subtypes.

Methods

Clustering was performed using the variables body mass index (BMI), luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), testosterone, insulin, and glucose. Subtype characterization was performed by analyzing the variables estradiol, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, cortisol, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), total follicle count (TFC), lipid profile, and blood pressure. Study participants were girls and women who attended our university hospital for reproductive endocrinology screening between February 1993 and February 2021. In total, 2502 female participants of European ancestry, aged 13 to 45 years with PCOS (according to the Rotterdam criteria), were included. A subset of these (n = 1067) fulfilled the National Institutes of Health criteria (ovulatory dysfunction and hyperandrogenism). Main outcome measures included the identification of distinct PCOS subtypes using cluster analysis. Additional clinical variables associated with these subtypes were assessed.

Results

Metabolic, reproductive, and background PCOS subtypes were identified. In addition to high LH and SHBG levels, the reproductive subtype had the highest TFC and levels of AMH (all P < .001). In addition to high BMI and insulin levels, the metabolic subtype had higher low-density lipoprotein levels and higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (all P < .001). The background subtype had lower androstenedione levels and features of the other 2 subtypes.

Conclusion

Reproductive and metabolic traits not used for subtyping differed significantly in the subtypes. These findings suggest that the subtypes capture distinct PCOS causal pathways.
Castle & Crook: Necroliberalism and Cartographies of Abandonment in Maquilapolis (City of Factories) and Señorita Extraviada (Missing Young Woman)
Authors: Avila Edward
Published: May 2024

“Castle & Crook” argues that the documentary films Maquilapolis (City of Factories) (dir. Vicky Funari, Sergio De La Torre, Mexico/US, 2006) and Señorita Extraviada (Missing Young Woman) (dir. Lourdes Portillo, Mexico/US, 2001) offer critical insights into the necropolitical dimensions of neoliberal modernization along the US-Mexico border during the post-NAFTA era through the turn of the millennium. Both films represent the intersection of neoliberalism and necropolitics, particularly in terms of the spatial aspects or modalities of necropower that inhere in neoliberal development. Moreover, I refer to this complex and violent assemblage of neoliberalism and necropolitics as “necroliberalism” in order to capture the specific ways in which neoliberal discourses of responsibilization and prudentialism serve to reproduce and maintain necropolitical governing in the Mexico-US border region in the context of transnational political activism.
Robust Parallel Pursuit for Large-Scale Association Network Learning
Authors: Li Wenhui , Zhou Xin , Dong Ruipeng , Zheng Zemin
Published: May 2024

Sparse reduced-rank regression is an important tool to uncover the large-scale response-predictor association network, as exemplified by modern applications such as the diffusion networks, and recommendation systems. However, the association networks recovered by existing methods are either sensitive to outliers or not scalable under the big data setup. In this paper, we propose a new statistical learning method called robust parallel pursuit (ROP) for joint estimation and outlier detection in large-scale response-predictor association network analysis. The proposed method is scalable in that it transforms the original large-scale network learning problem into a set of sparse unit-rank estimations via factor analysis, thus facilitating an effective parallel pursuit algorithm. Furthermore, we provide comprehensive theoretical guarantees including consistency in parameter estimation, rank selection, and outlier detection, and we conduct an inference procedure to quantify the uncertainty of existence of outliers. Extensive simulation studies and two real-data analyses demonstrate the effectiveness and the scalability of the suggested approach.

History: Accepted by Ram Ramesh, Area Editor/Data Science & Machine Learning.

Funding: This work was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China [Grant 2022YFA1008000], Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 72071187, 72091212, 71731010, and 71921001], China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [Grant 2023M733402], and Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities [Grants WK3470000017, WK2040000027, and WK2040000079].

Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information ( https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0181 ) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository ( https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0181 ). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/ .
Prosthodontic rehabilitation of patients with stage IV periodontitis
Authors: Shah Mitul , Nansi Rajan
Published: May 2024

Stage IV Periodontitis is characterized by complex symptoms, including the loss of teeth, occlusal instability/collapse, ridge defects and increased tooth mobility. The management of such issues requires interdisciplinary collaboration to optimise outcomes. This article outlines the key guidelines from the recent EFP clinical practice guidelines on the efficacy of prosthodontic rehabilitation (fixed/removable) in the management of these complex patients.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: An understanding of the clinical decision making when considering tooth replacement options in stage IV periodontitis patients is important.
CARTIVA SYNTHETIC CARTILAGE IMPLANT HEMIARTHROPLASTY FOR TREATMENT OF HALLUX RIGIDUS
Authors: Brandao B. , Aljawadi A. , Fox A. , Pillai A.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Cartiva synthetic cartilage implant (SCI) is licenced for use in management of symptomatic hallux rigidus in several countries including the UK. As for now, there are no independent comparative series for treatment of hallux rigidus utilising polyvinyl alcohol implants.

Study design and methods

Patients at a single centre with symptomatic hallux rigidus who underwent Cartiva SCI implant procedure were identified. First metatarsophalangeal joint arthritis was radiographically graded according to the Hattrup and Johnson (HJ) classification. Pre-operative and post-operative patient-reported outcomes were evaluated using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) activities of daily living subscale and the Manchester-Oxford Foot Questionnaire (MOXFQ).

Results

66 patients (19M, 47F) (43R and 23L) were followed up for an average of 14 months (min=2, max=36). 17 patients suffered from HJ2/moderate arthritis and 49 patients with grade HJ3/severe arthritis. Post-operative mean FAAM scores showed statistically significant improvement (p< 0.0001). Patients reported a 40% increase in functionality during activities of daily living. All 3 MOXFQ Domain scores improved significantly (p< 0.02). The Index score improved by 28 points (p< 0.0001). There was no correlation between length of follow up or age and PROMs (r=0.129). No statistical difference was demonstrated between sexes. However clinically, males and older patients exhibit better outcomes. There was a 89.4% patient satisfaction with the use of Cartiva.

Conclusions

Our study shows excellent results with statistically significant improvements in functional outcomes, and promising short-term follow-up with low early revision rates. Pain in particular was significantly reduced. One third of patients developed post-operative stiffness requiring a manipulation under anaesthesia. Patient selection is key. Additional imaging may be required to assess sesamoid osteoarthritis. At 3 years the implant has demonstrated to be safe and efficacious in the management of hallux rigidus. Durability and survivability of the implant will continue to be studied in this cohort.
FIVE-YEAR OUTCOMES AFTER ANKLE FRACTURE FIXATION IN A UK TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Chong H.H. , Banda N. , Hau M. , Rai P. , Mangwani J.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Ankle fractures represent approximately 10% of the fracture workload and are projected to increase due to ageing population. We present our 5 years outcome review post-surgical management of ankle fractures in a large UK Trauma unit.

Methods

A total of 111 consecutive patients treated for an unstable ankle fracture were entered into a database and prospectively followed up. Baseline patient characteristics, complications, further intervention including additional surgery, functional status were recorded during five-year follow-up. Pre-injury and post-fixation functional outcome measures at 2-years were assessed using Olerud-Molander Ankle Scores (OMAS) and Lower Extremity Functional Scales (LEFS). A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

The mean age was 46 with a male:female ratio of 1:1.1. The distribution of comorbidities was BMI >30 (25%), diabetes (5%), alcohol consumption >20U/week (15%) and smoking (26%). Higher BMI was predictive of worse post-op LEFS score (p = 0.02). Between pre-injury and post fixation functional scores at 2 years, there was a mean reduction of 26.8 (OMAS) and 20.5(LEFS). Using very strict radiological criteria, 31 (28%) had less than anatomical reduction of fracture fragments intra-operatively. This was, however, not predictive of patients' functional outcome in this cohort. Within 5-year period, 22 (20%) patients had removal of metalwork from their ankle, with majority 13 (59%) requiring syndesmotic screw removal. Further interventions included: joint injection (3), deltoid reconstruction (1), arthroscopic debridement (1), superficial sinus excision (2), and conversion to hindfoot nail due to failure of fixation (1). Reduction in OMAS was predictive of patients' ongoing symptoms (p=0.01).

Conclusion

There is a significant reduction in functional outcome after ankle fracture fixation and patients should be counselled appropriately. Need for removal of metalwork is higher in patients who require syndesmosis stabilisation with screw(s).
FIBULAR NAILS: IS THIS THE ANSWER TO ANKLE FRACTURE FIXATION?
Authors: Gandham S. , Leong E. , McDonnell S. , Molloy A. , Mason L. , Robinson A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Positive reports from implant designer centres on the use of fibular nails in the complex ankle fractures has resulted in a marked increase in their use nationally. Our aim in this study was to report on the outcomes of the use of all fibular nails in two major trauma centres.

Methods

All patients who underwent ankle fracture fixation using a fibular nail in two major trauma centres, were included for analysis. MTC 1 included patients from April 2013 to May 2015, and MTC 2 included patients February 2015 to March 2018. A minimum follow up of 1 year was achieved for all patients. Radiographic reduction was confirmed by Pettrones criteria at time of operation and at 6 weeks and 1 year post-operatively. Kellgren Lawrence radiographic criteria was used to classify osteoarthritis. All complications and further surgery were recorded.

Results

Forty-four patients underwent fibular nail fixation in the two centres. The average age was 59 (range 21–91). Using Pettrones criteria, 86% were malreduced at time of operation. A further 34% deteriorated by at least 1 grade by 6 weeks and an additional 16% (n=7) deteriorated by at least 1 grade by 1 year. 57% had developed radiographic evidence of osteoarthritis by 1 year. Only 4.5% (2ankles) maintained complete reduction by 1 year. Other significant complications were reported in 43% of patients.

Conclusion

Both major trauma centres report the same experience in the use of fibular nails for ankle fracture fixation. As previously reported in smaller number studies, initial reduction is challenging. Worryingly, the majority of well-reduced lose position with time. We suggest that the fibula nail is used with caution and as part of an appropriately approved audit.