bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connecting liver and gut: Murine liver sinusoidal endothelium induces gut tropism of CD4+ T cells via retinoic acid
Authors: Neumann Katrin , Kruse Nils , Szilagyi Balint , Erben Ulrike , Rudolph Christine , Flach Anne , Zeitz Martin , Hamann Alf , Klugewitz Katja
Published: November 2011

Gut-activated T cells migrating into the liver can cause extraintestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease. T cells acquire a gut-homing phenotype dependent on retinoic acid (RA) provided by intestinal dendritic cells (DC). We investigated whether liver antigen-presenting cells can induce gut tropism supporting an enterohepatic lymphocyte circulation. Priming of CD4+ T cells by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) supported migration into gut and gut-associated lymphoid tissue. As observed for T cells primed by intestinal DCs, this gut tropism depended on α4β7 integrin and CC chemokine receptor 9 (CCR9) expression by LSEC-primed CD4+ T cells. The induction of gut-homing molecules was mediated by RA, a derivate of vitamin A that is stored in large amounts within the liver. LSECs expressed functional retinal dehydrogenases and could convert vitamin A to RA. Conversely, the lack of signaling via the RA receptor prevented the expression of α4β7 integrin and CCR9 on LSEC-primed CD4+ T cells, consequently reducing their

in vivo

migration to the intestine. Other liver antigen-presenting cells failed to support high expression of α4β7 integrin on CD4+ T cells, thus, the potential to induce gut homing is restricted to LSECs.

Conclusion:

The capacity to promote gut tropism via vitamin A use is not unique for intestinal DCs but is also a feature of LSECs. Our data support the assumption that CD4+ T cells can migrate from the liver to the gut as one branch of a postulated enterohepatic lymphocyte circulation.
A framework for the human resources role in managing culture in mergers and acquisitions
Authors: Marks Mitchell Lee , Mirvis Philip H.
Published: November 2011

Scholars, business people, and change agents agree that culture matters in eventual merger and acquisition (M&A) success. Researchers have generated many insights and practitioners have developed many interventions regarding culture in M&A. Managing culture, however, is often a low priority when executives are consumed with the deal's financial and strategic aspects. The authors propose a framework for how Human Resources (HR) can work with business partners in managing acculturation in M&A. They first examine the relationship between cultural differences and M&A outcomes, how culture manifests itself in combinations, and the causes and stages of culture clash. They then highlight the value of a clear “cultural endstate” in M&A and apply classic change management theory to identify actions that unfreeze current cultural mind‐sets, move people toward the desired endstate, and refreeze the desired culture. Their framework specifies HR actions for four distinct cultural endstates—pluralism (in which the partner companies coexist), integration (in which the partners blend current cultures together), assimilation (in which one company absorbs the other), and transformation (in which the partner companies abandon key elements of their current cultures and adopt new values and norms). © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A spatially and temporally explicit risk assessment for salmon from a prey base exposed to agricultural insecticides
Authors: Poletika Nicholas N , Teply Mark , Dominguez Lawrence G , Cramer Steven P , Schocken Mark J , Habig Clifford , Kern Matthew , Ochoa-Acuña Hugo , Mitchell Gary C
Published: November 2011

This risk assessment applied a framework for determining probable co-occurrence of juvenile spring Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with agricultural pesticides in the Willamette Basin, Oregon (Teply et al. this issue2012) to characterize risk to the threatened population. The assessment accounted for spatial and temporal distribution of 6 acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides in salmonid habitat within the basin and their relative contributions to mixture toxicity estimated from chemical monitoring data. The 6 insecticides were chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, carbaryl, carbofuran, and methomyl. Seasonal distributions of the juvenile salmon prey base across the basin were determined and compared to co-occurrence with the insecticide mixture to determine the probability of prey reduction and reduced production of juvenile fish. Probability of effect on freshwater aquatic invertebrates was based on acute toxicity species sensitivity distributions (normalized to the most potent compound, chlorpyrifos) using a novel approach to apply the toxicological concept of concentration addition to species sensitivity distributions with differing slopes. The chlorpyrifos distribution was then used to determine relative sensitivity among various species tested within the important taxa making up the prey base. A prey base index was devised, incorporating diet composition and prey availability, to evaluate the indirect effects of the insecticide mixture on juvenile salmon production occurring as a result of a reduction in the prey base. Our analysis targeted fish use of backwater and off-channel habitat units, because they generally coincide with agricultural lands in lowlands and represent shallow habitat with limited water exchange. The percentage of agricultural land use within 300 m of critical habitat stream reaches was used to scale chemical measurement data from a site with high agricultural land use across the full extent of the basin to provide estimates of chemical exposure in each reach. Seasonal impacts were evaluated from mean monthly concentrations. Stressor impact on 5 key taxa was evaluated at each time step and for each reach, and the outcome was compared to a conservation threshold assigned to the prey base index. Only 13% of juveniles reared in backwater, off-channel habitat within 300 m of agricultural land. Percent reduction of carrying capacity as a consequence of reduced prey was estimated to be 5% over the entire brood year. This can be considered lost capacity that is probably compensated elsewhere via increased occupancy (emigration to other habitat units within the reach), which is not accounted for in the model. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2012; 8: 285–300. © 2011 SETAC
PI3K/Akt‐dependent functions of TFII‐I transcription factors in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Chimge Nyam‐Osor , Makeyev Aleksandr V. , Waigel Sabine J. , Enkhmandakh Badam , Bayarsaihan Dashzeveg
Published: November 2011

Activation of PI3K/Akt signaling is sufficient to maintain the pluripotency of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) and results in down‐regulation of Gtf2i and Gtf2ird1 encoding TFII‐I family transcription factors. To investigate how these genes might be involved in the process of embryonic stem cell differentiation, we performed expression microarray profiling of mESC upon inhibition of PI3K by LY294002. This analysis revealed significant alterations in expression of genes for specific subsets of chromatin‐modifying enzymes. Surprisingly, genome‐wide promoter ChIP‐chip mapping indicated that the majority of differently expressed genes could be direct targets of TFII‐I regulation. The data support the hypothesis that upregulation of TFII‐I factors leads to activation of a specific group of developmental genes during mESC differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 1122–1131, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zinc chloride‐catalyzed one‐pot, three‐component synthesis of 5,8‐dihydro‐5,8‐dioxo‐4H‐chromene derivatives
Authors: Srinivas Vakiti , Rao Vedula Rajeswar
Published: November 2011

An efficient zinc chloride‐catalyzed one‐pot synthesis of 5,8‐dihydro‐5,8‐dioxo‐4H‐chromene derivatives have been achieved by the reaction of 2,5‐dihydroxy‐6‐undecyl‐1,4‐bezoquinone, cyanothioacetamide, and aromaticaldehyde, in EtOH at room temperature. The structures of the products were characterized by IR, 1H‐NMR, mass spectra, and elemental analyses. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Ovarian structure and oogenesis of the oviparous goodeids Crenichthys baileyi (Gilbert, 1893) and Empetrichthys latos Miller, 1948 (teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes)
Authors: Carmen Uribe Mari , Grier Harry J. , Parenti Lynne R.
Published: November 2011

The cyprinodontiform family Goodeidae comprises two biogeographically disjunct subfamilies: the viviparous Goodeinae endemic to the Mexican Plateau, and the oviparous Empetrichthyinae, known only from relict taxa in Nevada and California. Ovarian characteristics of two oviparous species of goodeid, Crenichthys baileyi and Empetrichthys latos, studied using museum collections, are compared with those of viviparous species of goodeids. Both subfamilies have a single, cystovarian ovary. The ovary in the viviparous Goodeinae has an internal septum that divides the ovarian lumen into two compartments, and it may possess oogonia. There is no ovarian septum in the oviparous C. baileyi and E. latos. Oogenesis is similar in both subfamilies with regard to the proliferation of oogonia, initiation of meiosis, primary growth and development of an oocyte during secondary growth in which fluid yolk progressively fuses into a single globule. Notably, eggs of C. baileyi and E. latos are approximately double the size of those of the viviparous Goodeinae in which embryos develop inside the ovarian lumen and are nourished, in part, by nutrients transferred from the maternal tissues, a mode of embryo development called matrotrophy. Egg envelopes of the two subfamilies differ in that those of C. baileyi and E. latos have a relatively thick zona pellucida, attachment fibrils or filaments that develop between the follicle cells during oogenesis, and a micropyle observed only in E. latos. In contrast, viviparous goodeid eggs have a relatively thin zona pellucida, but lack adhesive fibrils, and a micropyle was not observed. These reproductive characters are compared with those of species of the eastern North American Fundulus, a representative oviparous cyprinodontiform. One newlyrecognized shared, derived character, a single, median ovoid ovary with no obvious external evidence of fusion, supports monophyly of the Goodeidae. Differences among the goodeid subfamilies and Fundulus are interpreted relative to the oviparous versus viviparous modes of reproduction. J. Morphol., 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Opposite trends in summer precipitation in South and North Korea
Authors: Kim Yeonjoo , Kang B. , Adams J. M.
Published: November 2011

We analysed daily precipitation data at the rain gauge stations in North Korea over a period of 25 years from 1983 to 2007, and in South Korea over a period of 35 years from 1973 and 2007. We found a striking trend of decreasing summer precipitation across North Korea. By contrast, in South Korea, the trend is opposite: there is a major increase in summer precipitation. Also, the number of dry days in summer showed an increasing trend in North Korea and a decreasing trend in South Korea. For the number of days with heavy precipitation (i.e. days with above 50 mm/day daily precipitation) during summer, a decreasing trend was detected in North Korea, but no trend in South Korea. However, in South Korea, there was a significant increase of days with heavy precipitation over the whole year. These opposite trends in summer precipitation between North and South Korea were further confirmed using four global/regional satellite and rain gauge datasets of CPC Merged Analysis of Precipitation (CMAP), the Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), Precipitation REConstruction over the Land (PREC/L), and the Asian Precipitation‐Highly Resolved Observation Data Integration Towards the Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE). Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Moisture transport into the Ethiopian highlands
Authors: Viste Ellen , Sorteberg Asgeir
Published: November 2011

The Ethiopian summer rains occur as air masses of various origins converge above the Ethiopian plateau. In this study, the relative importance of different moisture transport branches has been estimated using the Lagrangian trajectory model FLEXPART, and ERA‐Interim reanalysis data, to backtrack air reaching the northern Ethiopian highlands in July–August 1998–2008. The Indian Ocean, the Congo Basin and the Red Sea were found to be important moisture source regions; for air from the Indian Ocean aided by a considerable moisture uptake along routes across the African continent. The following main transport branches were identified: (1) Flow from the Gulf of Guinea, (2) Flow from the Indian Ocean, and (3) Flow from the north; from the Mediterranean region across the Red Sea and the Arabian Peninsula. The largest contribution to the moisture transport into, and release of moisture within, the northern Ethiopian highlands, was associated with air traveling from the Indian Ocean and from the north. This was partly due to the relatively high mean specific humidity of this air, and partly because a large proportion of the air that reaches the highlands, follows these routes. As a total, the amount of moisture brought into the highlands from the north is 46% higher than from the south, whereas the contribution to moisture release within the highlands is about equal for air coming from the south and from the north. While previous studies have emphasized the importance of the Gulf of Guinea, we find that despite the high specific humidity of the low‐level flow of air from the Gulf of Guinea, the amount of moisture carried into and released within the northern Ethiopian highlands through this branch, is much smaller than from the other branches—about 1/8 of that from the Indian Ocean. This is due to the fact that normally only a small proportion of the air reaching Ethiopia comes from the Gulf of Guinea. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Structure of planar integral self‐affine tilings
Authors: Deng Da‐Wen , Jiang Tao , Ngai Sze‐Man
Published: November 2011

For a self‐affine tile in \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$\mathbf {R}^2$\end{document} generated by an expanding matrix \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}$A\in M_2(\mathbf {Z})$\end{document} and an integral consecutive collinear digit set \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal D}$\end{document}, Leung and Lau [Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 359, 3337–3355 (2007).] provided a necessary and sufficient algebraic condition for it to be disklike. They also characterized the neighborhood structure of all disklike tiles in terms of the algebraic data A and \documentclass{article}\usepackage{amssymb}\begin{document}\pagestyle{empty}${\mathcal D}$\end{document}. In this paper, we completely characterize the neighborhood structure of those non‐disklike tiles. While disklike tiles can only have either six or eight edge or vertex neighbors, non‐disklike tiles have much richer neighborhood structure. In particular, other than a finite set, a Cantor set, or a set containing a nontrivial continuum, neighbors can intersect in a union of a Cantor set and a countable set.
Effects of Electrostatic Interactions on the Translocation of Polymers Through a Narrow Pore Under Different Solvent Conditions: A Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Li Xuejin , Li Xiaolong , Deng Mingge , Liang Haojun
Published: November 2011

Polymer translocation through a narrow pore is investigated using a particle‐based dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) method. A rigid core is included in each particle to avoid particle interpenetration problems based on the original DPD method. Electrostatic interactions of charged particles are simply represented via screened Coulombic interactions. The average translocation timeτversus polymer lengthNsatisfies the scaling lawτ∼Nβ. The scaling exponentβdepends on solvent quality. The results demonstrate that solvent quality exerts a considerable influence on the dynamics of translocation of polymers. The findings may help facilitate understanding of the dynamic behaviors of various polymer and DNA molecules during translocation processes.

magnified image
k‐t ISD: Dynamic cardiac MR imaging using compressed sensing with iterative support detection
Authors: Liang Dong , DiBella Edward V. R. , Chen Rong‐Rong , Ying Leslie
Published: November 2011

Compressed sensing (CS) has been used in dynamic cardiac MRI to reduce the data acquisition time. The sparseness of the dynamic image series in the spatial‐ and temporal‐frequency (x‐f) domain has been exploited in existing works. In this article, we propose a new k‐t iterative support detection (k‐t ISD) method to improve the CS reconstruction for dynamic cardiac MRI by incorporating additional information on the support of the dynamic image in x‐f space based on the theory of CS with partially known support. The proposed method uses an iterative procedure for alternating between image reconstruction and support detection in x‐f space. At each iteration, a truncated ℓ1 minimization is applied to obtain the reconstructed image in x‐f space using the support information from the previous iteration. Subsequently, by thresholding the reconstruction, we update the support information to be used in the next iteration. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed k‐t ISD method improves the reconstruction quality of dynamic cardiac MRI over the basic CS method in which support information is not exploited. Magn Reson Med, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Misuse of buprenorphine maintenance treatment since introduction of its generic forms: OPPIDUM survey
Authors: Nordmann Sandra , Frauger Elisabeth , Pauly Vanessa , Orléans Veronica , Pradel Vincent , Mallaret Michel , Thirion Xavier , Micallef Joëlle
Published: November 2011

Purpose

The purpose of the study was to compare, using data from Observation of Illicit Psychotropic Substances or Non‐medical Used Medications (OPPIDUM) surveys, first, the profile of buprenorphine users and their modalities of buprenorphine use from 2006 to 2008 and, second, two subgroups: brand‐name and generic buprenorphine users in 2008.

Methods

OPPIDUM is an annual, nationwide, multicentric, cross‐sectional survey, including buprenorphine users followed in specialised centres dedicated to drug dependence. The evolution of the profile during three consecutive years (2006, 2007 and 2008) was analysed using Cochran‐Armitage test for trend. A multivariate regression analysis was used to identify the factors associated with the use of generic compared with brand‐name buprenorphine in 2008.

Results

In OPPIDUM, 1311 individuals used buprenorphine in 2006, 1688 in 2007 and 1696 in 2008. The proportion of users of generic buprenorphine increased from 4.2% in 2006 to 31.7% in 2008. From 2006 to 2008, a decrease in intravenous use and higher than recommended dosage, with an increase in occupation, have been observed. According to the multivariate analysis, factors associated with being generic buprenorphine user compared with brand‐name buprenorphine user in 2008 were younger age, more education, absence of use of alcohol with buprenorphine, absence of heroin and/or cocaine use and absence of nasal route for buprenorphine.

Conclusion

Three years after the launch of the buprenorphine generic, the health professionals' and buprenorphine users' perception of generic can still change. Additionally, the long‐term impact of generic medications with abuse potential has not yet been studied. Thus, continued monitoring of buprenorphine is needed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of glycoproteins associated with different histological subtypes of ovarian tumors using quantitative glycoproteomics
Authors: Tian Yuan , Yao Zhihao , Roden Richard B. S. , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2011

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy in adult women. The origin of epithelial ovarian tumors is both morphologically and biologically heterogeneous, and different subtypes of ovarian tumors have different clinical outcomes. In spite of the heterogeneous nature of ovarian carcinoma, the current biomarkers and treatments for this disease are not subtype‐specific. To discover the molecular basis of the ovarian tumor subtypes, we analyzed extracellular glycoproteins of seven common subtypes and normal ovary tissues using quantitative glycoproteomic analysis. Glycoproteins for different ovarian tumor subtypes were identified by liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry and quantitated by spectral counting and then verified by iTRAQ labeling and Western blotting. Glycoproteins uniquely expressed in different subtypes of ovarian tumors or commonly expressed in most subtypes were identified. Using Western blots, we verified that mesothelin was overexpressed in serous carcinoma and transitional‐cell carcinoma, CEA5 and CEA6 were overexpressed only in mucinous carcinoma, while versican and periostin were overexpressed in most subtypes of ovarian tumors. This study presents the first proteomic characterization of different ovarian tumor subtypes. The identified glycoproteins for histological subtypes of ovarian tumors will facilitate the understanding of the molecular basis, diagnosis of ovarian tumor subtypes, and predictions for treatment responses to therapeutic agents.
An empirical phase diagram approach to investigate conformational stability of “second‐generation” functional mutants of acidic fibroblast growth factor‐1
Authors: Alsenaidy Mohammad A. , Wang Tingting , Kim Jae Hyun , Joshi Sangeeta B. , Lee Jihun , Blaber Michael , Volkin David B. , Middaugh C. Russell
Published: November 2011

Acidic fibroblast growth factor‐1 (FGF‐1) is an angiogenic protein which requires binding to a polyanion such as heparin for its mitogenic activity and physicochemical stability. To evaluate the extent to which this heparin dependence on solution stability could be reduced or eliminated, the structural integrity and conformational stability of 10 selected FGF‐1 mutants were examined as a function of solution pH and temperature by a series of spectroscopic methods including circular dichroism, intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy and static light scattering. The biophysical data were summarized in the form of colored empirical phase diagrams (EPDs). FGF‐1 mutants were identified with stability profiles in the absence of heparin comparable to that of wild‐type FGF‐1 in the presence of heparin while still retaining their biological activity. In addition, a revised version of the EPD methodology was found to provide an information rich, high throughput approach to compare the effects of mutations on the overall conformational stability of proteins in terms of their response to environmental stresses such as pH and temperature.
From Observations to Forecasts – Part 14: Communicating forecasts
Authors: Eden Philip
Published: November 2011

This excellent series has given readers an informative and wide‐ranging view of the history and present status of observational techniques and of forecasting. This contribution is rather different. It is, perhaps, polemical rather than factual: a heartfelt lament that the communication of forecasts to paying customers – and, in the case of public service forecasts and warnings, to the general public – has been badly neglected but is nevertheless a very important aspect of forecasting. My hope is that these words will provoke a healthy debate from which we might all learn something. Copyright © 2011 Royal Meteorological Society
Towards application driven security dashboards in future middleware
Authors: Joosen Wouter , Lagaisse Bert , Truyen Eddy , Handekyn Koen
Published: November 2011

Contemporary middleware must facilitate the customization of a built-in services framework, such that non-functional requirements emerging from the engineering process are met. This must be achieved by facilitating adaptation and selection of appropriate services without carrying the load, footprint, and overhead of a bloated system.

We illustrate the concept and approach with an example in the domain of security engineering of a large scale, internet based application in the domain of online document processing. In addition, we sketch why such an approach cannot only yield the desired variants of middleware security services, but also application-driven security dashboards, i.e. the tools to monitor and manage the actual security environment. The resulting research findings plead for a research agenda that revisits reflection and that enables model-driven software techniques to be used in the just-in-time generation of co-existing middleware variants.
The role of parenting and goal selection in positive youth development: A person‐centered approach☆
Authors: Napolitano Christopher M. , Bowers Edmond P. , Gestsdottir Steinunn , Depping Miriam , von Eye Alexander , Chase Paul , Lerner Jacqueline V.
Published: November 2011

Using a person‐centered approach, we examined the relations between goal selection, various indicators of parenting, and positive development among 510 Grades 9 to 11 participants (68% female) in the 4‐H Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD), a longitudinal study involving U.S. adolescents. Goal selection was operationalized by the “Selection” (S) subscale of the Selection, Optimization, and Compensation intentional self‐regulation measure. Using Configural Frequency Analysis, we assessed the association between Selection, parenting (warmth, monitoring, and school involvement), and PYD. Results indicated that, while having the combination of consistently high Selection and above‐median levels of the parenting variables was the most common path to PYD, having consistently low levels of Selection across grades was also related to positive development at Grade 11, regardless of parenting factors. We interpret these findings based in relation to the PYD and the identity development literatures and discuss implications for applied programs.
Black Politics and Urban Crisis in Britain
Authors: Jacobs Brian D.
Published: November 2011

This book, first published in 1986, examines the race and immigration issues by considering the nature of the black 'constituency' and its political responses to issues related to the crisis of Britain's inner cities. It centrally examines black access to and integration into the public policy process and views public policy responses and how these affect black politics. American experience provides a 'model' against which the British approach is viewed. The book looks at the background to the crisis, and its roots in economic decline. It also elaborates the historical development of government policy and legislation towards race and immigration, and the impact of community relations agencies, housing and education policy, and immigrant legislation. Black political action is considered, with particular emphasis on interest-group activity and community organisation. A concluding chapter looks at various policy options affecting blacks in Britain, comparing British and American approaches to community development and participation.
The Theory of Sound
Authors: Strutt John William
Published: November 2011

John William Strutt, third Baron Rayleigh (1842–1919), was an English physicist best known as the co-discoverer of the element argon, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1904. Rayleigh graduated from Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1865 and after conducting private research was appointed Cavendish Professor of Experimental Physics in 1879, a post which he held until 1884. These highly influential volumes, first published between 1877 and 1878, contain Rayleigh's classic account of acoustic theory. Bringing together contemporary research and his own experiments, Rayleigh clearly describes the origins and transmission of sound waves through different media. This textbook was considered the standard work on the subject for many years and provided the foundations of modern acoustic theory. Volume 1 discusses the origin and transmission of sound waves in harmonic vibrations, the vibrations of bars, stretched strings, plates and membranes, through mathematical models and experimental discussions.
Perceived Realism of Television Medical Dramas and Perceptions About Physicians
Authors: Cho Hyunyi , Wilson Kari , Choi Jounghwa
Published: November 2011

This study investigated whether and how dimensions of perceived realism of television medical dramas are linked to perceptions of physicians. The three dimensions of perceived realism were considered: plausibility, typicality, and narrative consistency. Data from a survey of college students were examined with confirmatory factor analyses and hierarchical regression analyses. Across the three dramas (ER, Grey’s Anatomy, and House), narrative consistency predicted positive perceptions about physicians. Perceived plausibility and typicality of the medical dramas showed no significant association with perceptions about physicians. These results illustrate the importance of distinguishing different dimensions of perceived realism and the importance of narrative consistency in influencing social beliefs.
Why Do People Save?
Authors: Traut-Mattausch Eva , Jonas Eva
Published: November 2011

The present study investigated the relationship between financial satisfaction, income, and saving behavior. Results show, as predicted, that higher income as well as higher satisfaction with one’s financial satisfaction leads to more saving behavior. In addition, we found that the financial satisfaction-saving relationship is moderated through income. The connection between financial satisfaction and saving behavior is stronger for people with low income compared to people with high income. Furthermore, we were able to provide evidence that the Financial Satisfaction × Income interaction effect on saving behavior is mediated through the attitude toward saving. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Temporal variations in 87Sr/86Sr and ɛNd in sediments of the southeastern Arabian Sea: Impact of monsoon and surface water circulation
Authors: Goswami Vineet , Singh Sunil K. , Bhushan Ravi , Rai Vinai K.
Published: November 2011

Sr and Nd isotopic composition of silicate fractions of sediments have been measured in two well dated gravity cores from the eastern Arabian Sea archiving a depositional history of ∼29 and ∼40 ka. The 87Sr/86Sr and ɛNd in the northern core (SS‐3104G; 12.8°N, 71.7°E) ranges from 0.71416 to 0.71840 and −8.8 to −12.8; these variations are limited compared to those in the southeastern core (SS‐3101G; 6.0°N, 74.0°E), in which they vary from 0.71412 to 0.72069 and −9.0 to −15.2 respectively. This suggests that the variation in the relative proportions of sediments supplied from different sources to the core SS‐3104G are limited compared to core SS‐3101G. The 87Sr/86Sr and ɛNd profiles of SS‐3101G exhibit two major excursions, ca. 9 ka and 20 ka, coinciding with periods of Holocene Intensified Monsoon Phase (IMP) and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) respectively with more radiogenic 87Sr/86Sr and lower ɛNd during these periods. These excursions have been explained in terms of changes in the erosion patterns in the source regions and surface circulation of the Northern Indian Ocean resulting from monsoon intensity variations. The intensification of North‐East (NE) monsoon and associated strengthening of the East Indian Coastal Current in southwest direction during LGM transported sediments with higher 87Sr/86Sr and lower ɛNd from the western Bay of Bengal to the Arabian Sea. In contrast, enhanced South‐West (SW) monsoon at ∼9 ka facilitated the transport of sediments from the northern Arabian Sea, particularly Indus derived, to the southeastern Arabian Sea. This study thus highlights the impact of monsoon variability on erosion patterns and ocean surface currents on the dispersal of sediments in determining the Sr and Nd isotopic composition of sediments deposited in the eastern Arabian Sea during the last ∼40 ka.
Potential flaws of interdecadal changes over eastern China around the early 1990s in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction‐National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalyses
Authors: Liu Ge , Zhao Ping , Wu Renguang , Chen Junming
Published: November 2011

This study compares interdecadal changes in tropospheric temperature and geopotential height over eastern China in four reanalyses and upper air radiosonde (UAR) observations. It is found that the tropospheric temperature and geopotential height over eastern China during the period 1992–2000 were systematically lower in the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)‐National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis‐1 and the NCEP‐Department of Energy reanalysis‐2 compared to the UAR observations. Accordingly, the tropospheric temperature and geopotential height over eastern China in the NCEP reanalyses showed a pronounced interdecadal decrease around 1992, while this decrease was not significant in the UAR observations, the 40 year European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ERA‐40) reanalysis, and the 25 year Japanese Meteorological Agency (JRA‐25) reanalysis. The overestimated interdecadal change in the NCEP reanalyses may lead to an inconsistent variation between tropospheric and surface climates. When summer surface air temperature increases (decreases) over southern China, summer tropospheric temperature over eastern China generally increases (decreases) in the ERA‐40, JRA‐25, and UAR data sets, which is physically supported by the NCAR Community Climate System Model version 3. However, this link between the troposphere and surface is not observed in the two NCEP reanalyses. The interdecadal bias in tropospheric temperature after 1992 in the NCEP reanalyses is possibly related to an operational change in the bias correction tables since 1992.
Significance of the TGF-β1/IL-6 axis in oral cancer
Authors: Chen Miao-Fen , Wang Wen-Hung , Lin Paul-Yang , Lee Kuan-Der , Chen Wen-Cheng
Published: November 2011

The aim of the present study was to explore specific molecular markers that could lead to new insights into the identification of innovative treatments in oral cancer. The role of TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1) and its predictive power in the prognosis of oral cancer has been identified. Human oral cancer cell lines, including SCC4 and SCC25, were selected for cellular experiments. Changes in tumour aggressiveness, responses to treatment and the signalling pathway responsible were investigated in vitro. Furthermore, 125 oral cancer tissue specimens were constructed into tissue microarray blocks for immunohistochemical analysis to correlate the expression of TGF-β1 with clinical outcome. Using in vitro experiments, our results revealed that activated TGF-β1 signalling resulted in more aggressive tumour growth, augmented the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and more resistance to treatment. Activated IL-6 (interleukin-6) signalling could be the mechanism underlying the effects of TGF-β1 on oral cancer. Regarding clinical data, the incidence of TGF-β1 immunoreactivity in oral cancer specimens was significantly higher than in non-malignant epithelium and positively linked to IL-6 staining. Furthermore, expression of TGF-β1 was significantly correlated with the risk of lymph node involvement, disease recurrence and shorter survival in patients with pathological stage III–IV oral cancer. In conclusion, the TGF-β1/IL-6 axis had predictive power in the prognosis of oral cancer, and targeting TGF-β1 could represent a promising treatment strategy.
Temperature-dependent leakage current behavior of epitaxial Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based thin films made by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Hejazi M. M. , Safari A.
Published: November 2011

This paper discusses the electrical conduction mechanisms in a 0.88 Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.08 Bi0.5K0.5TiO3-0.04 BaTiO3 thin film in the temperature range of 200-350 K. The film was deposited on a SrRuO3/SrTiO3 substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique. At all measurement temperatures, the leakage current behavior of the film matched well with the Lampert’s triangle bounded by three straight lines of different slopes. The relative location of the triangle sides varied with temperature due to its effect on the density of charge carriers and un-filled traps. At low electric fields, the ohmic conduction governed the leakage mechanism. The calculated activation energy of the trap is 0.19 eV implying the presence of shallow traps in the film. With increasing the applied field, an abrupt increase in the leakage current was observed. This was attributed to a trap-filling process by the injected carriers. At sufficiently high electric fields, the leakage current obeyed the Child’s trap-free square law suggesting the space charge limited current was the dominant mechanism.
Mid-infrared pump-related electric-field domains in GaAs/(Al,Ga)As quantum-cascade structures for terahertz lasing without population inversion
Authors: Giehler M. , Wienold M. , Schrottke L. , Hey R. , Grahn H. T. , Pavlov S. G. , Hübers H.-W. , Winnerl S. , Schneider H.
Published: November 2011

We investigate the effect of mid-infrared (MIR) pumping on the transport properties of GaAs/(Al,Ga)As terahertz (THz) quantum lasers (TQLs), which rely on quantum coherence effects of intersubband transitions. Aiming at THz lasing at elevated temperatures, we extend the concept of THz gain with and without population inversion of a single, MIR-pumped, electrically driven THz stage proposed by Waldmueller et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 117401 (2007)] to an entire TQL. However, experiments using a CO2 as well as a free-electron laser and numerical simulations show that this resonant MIR pumping causes a negative differential conductivity (NDC) in addition to the NDC caused by sequential tunneling. Lasing of these TQLs is prevented by the formation of electric-field domains below the resonance field strength for gain of each single THz stage.
Semiclassical study of quantum coherence and isotope effects in ultrafast electron transfer reactions coupled to a proton and a phonon bath
Authors: Venkataraman Charulatha
Published: November 2011

The linearized semiclassical initial value representation is employed to describe ultrafast electron transfer processes coupled to a phonon bath and weakly coupled to a proton mode. The goal of our theoretical investigation is to understand the influence of the proton on the electronic dynamics in various bath relaxation regimes. More specifically, we study the impact of the proton on coherences and analyze if the coupling to the proton is revealed in the form of an isotope effect. This will be important in distinguishing reactions in which the proton does not undergo significant rearrangement from those in which the electron transfer is accompanied by proton transfer. Unlike other methodologies widely employed to describe nonadiabatic electron transfer, this approach treats the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom consistently. However, due to the linearized approximation, quantum interference effects are not captured accurately. Our study shows that at small phonon bath reorganization energies, coherent oscillations and isotope effect are observed in both slow and fast bath regimes. The coherences are more substantially damped by deuterium in comparison to the proton. Further, in contrast to the dynamics of the spin-boson model, the coherences are not long-lived. At large bath reorganization energies, the decay is incoherent in the slow and fast bath regimes. In this case, the extent of the isotope effect depends on the relative relaxation timescales of the proton mode and the phonon bath. The isotope effect is magnified for baths that relax on picosecond timescales in contrast to baths that relax in femtoseconds.
Hydrogenation of fragment cations produced by femtosecond laser ablation of boron nitride
Authors: Kobayashi Tohru , Matsuo Yukari
Published: November 2011

Cations (positive ions) produced by laser ablation of boron nitride (BN) have been mass analyzed and the size-dependent hydrogenation reactivity is revealed for the first time. The main product cations determined by femtosecond laser ablation (fsLA) were a series of B(BN)n+, with much lesser production of B2(BN)k+ and N(BN)mO+ series cations. Least-squares fitting of the relative yields of hydrogenated cations indicates that the yield of B(BN)nH+ almost diminishes for n ≥ 5 and that of B(BN)nH2+ increases as n increases. Based on the different n-dependence and electronic structures of B(BN)n and B(BN)n+, B(BN)n is likely to be the precursor of B(BN)nH+, and B(BN)n+ that of B(BN)nH2+. In contrast to fsLA, the production of H+ by nanosecond laser ablation is not observed and the production of various cationic species makes it difficult to identify either the fragment species or their hydrogenated products. This observation highlights the significant efficiency of fsLA in producing H+ (and presumably H) from the surface adsorbates.
Defect levels in the epitaxial and polycrystalline CuGaSe2 by photocurrent and capacitance methods
Authors: Krysztopa Adam , Igalson Małgorzata , Aida Yasuhiro , Larsen Jes K. , Gütay Levent , Siebentritt Susanne
Published: November 2011

The defect levels in epitaxial and polycrystalline wide bandgap chalcopyrite CuGaSe2 with various stoichiometry deviations were investigated using modulated photocurrent spectroscopy. The results were analyzed as a function of light intensity and Fermi-level position. Comparison of the results from epitaxial and polycrystalline material distinguished levels belonging to intrinsic defects and their correlation with the material stoichiometry. We also compared the fingerprints of defect levels by MPC to the results derived from capacitance spectroscopy performed on Schottky diodes fabricated on both epitaxial and polycrystalline layers. This allowed us to attribute unambiguously levels observed in the capacitance response to bulk point defects. In the final conclusions we provide information on the electronic parameters of nine defect levels observed in CuGaSe2 and their correlation with the material stoichiometry. These results should help to identify intrinsic defects that are important for the photovoltaic performance of solar cells based on chalcopyrites.
Positive or negative gain: Role of thermal capture cross sections in impurity photovoltaic effect
Authors: Yuan Jiren , Shen Honglie , Huang Haibin , Deng Xinhua
Published: November 2011

In this work, we carried out a numerical study on the role of thermal capture cross sections in impurity photovoltaic (IPV) effect for silicon solar cells doped with indium. The short-circuit current density, the open-circuit voltage and the conversion efficiency of the IPV cell were calculated in dependence of variable electron and hole thermal capture cross sections of indium in silicon. We found that the thermal capture cross section of electron is crucial to the device performance and that of hole has few influence on the cell property for this IPV cell since acceptor-type indium impurity level is near the valence band edge. If the electron thermal capture cross section is less than 10−20 cm2, a positive gain of conversion efficiency for the IPV cell would be presented. We concluded that those impurities with small electron (or hole) thermal capture cross sections may be suitable for use in the IPV cell with acceptor-type (or donor-type) impurity level near the valence (or conduction) band edge. These results may help to evaluate the potential of the IPV effect for improving cell efficiency according to the thermal capture cross sections of the impurity in host semiconductor.
A local defect resonance to enhance acoustic wave-defect interaction in ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation
Authors: Solodov Igor , Bai Juxing , Bekgulyan Sumbat , Busse Gerd
Published: November 2011

It is experimentally shown that, to provide maximum acoustic wave-defect interaction, the concept of a local defect resonance should be applied. The model of a resonant defect is used for the selection of the wave frequency to enhance the excitation of the defect in nonlinear acoustics and ultrasonic thermography. An increase in nonlinear response of the defect at its local resonance exceeds substantially the one at natural frequencies of the specimen. The strong wave-defect interaction is confirmed by resonance induced rise of local temperature of the defect in the frequency band of its local resonance.
(001) FePt graded media with PtMn underlayers
Authors: Chiang Chao-Chien , Tsai Wu-Chang , Wang Liang-Wei , Hou Hao-Cheng , Liao Jung-Wei , Lin Hong-Ji , Chang Fan-Hsiu , Kirby Brian J. , Lai Chih-Huang
Published: November 2011

(001)-oriented FePt graded media are obtained by using PtMn underlayers. The PtMn underlayer not only behaves as the (001) structural template but provides the diffusion source of Mn. The diffusion of Mn into FePt reduces its anisotropy but, on the other hand, the exchange coupling between antiferromagnetic PtMn and ferromagnetic FePt enhances the anisotropy. Hysteresis loops taken from x-ray magnetic circular dichroism confirm the competition between these two effects, leading to the lowest anisotropy in the middle of FePt.
Insulator-metal transition in GeTe/Sb2Te3 multilayer induced by grain growth and interface barrier
Authors: Tong H. , Miao X. S. , Yang Z. , Cheng X. M.
Published: November 2011

Unlike its two components, the temperature coefficient of resistivity (TCR) of GeTe/Sb2Te3 multilayer (ML) increases from negative to positive on annealing, indicating an insulator-metal transition (IMT). Impedance spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that the grain boundary resistance (negative TCR) determines the total resistance of initial ML. As grain grows, which is confirmed by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, and optical reflectivity measurements, the contribution of grain resistance (positive TCR) increases gradually to the leading part and finally accomplishes the IMT in a sufficiently crystallized film. Furthermore, the artificially introduced interfaces form additional potential barrier in ML and also modulate its IMT behavior.
Characterization of amorphous In2O3: An ab initio molecular dynamics study
Authors: Aliano Antonio , Catellani Alessandra , Cicero Giancarlo
Published: November 2011

In this work, we report on the structural and electronic properties of amorphous In2O3 obtained with ab initio molecular dynamics. Our results show crystal-like short range InO6 polyhedra having average In-O distance consistent with x-ray spectroscopy data. Structural disorder yields band tailing and localized states, which are responsible of a strong reduction of the electronic gap. Most importantly, the appearance of a peculiar O–O bond imparts n-type character to the amorphous compound and provides contribution for interpreting spectroscopic measurements on indium based oxidized systems. Our findings portray characteristic features to attribute transparent semiconductive properties to amorphous In2O3.