bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil toxicity reduction by phytoindicators
Authors: Bekuzarova S A , Khatsaeva F M , Tebieva D I , Bekmurzov A D , Kebalova L A , Gobeev M A
Published: March 2021

The grass mixtures use in phytoremediation is poorly studied, so we have proposed some options for new plant species that can grow on polluted land and accumulate pollutants with aboveground biomass. In heavy soil contamination case with heavy metals, we suggest using annual plants with large biomass in the recultivation first year, which can remove up to 50% of the pollutant from the biological cycle in the first year. Studying plants on toxic soils, we determined their accumulating capacity and used them as phytomeliorants. In several experiments, indicator plants were used: amaranth, clover, alfalfa, elm, stevia, ragweed, winter camelina mixed with an annual type of clover, and others, which, with the maximum biomass accumulation, were plowed into the soil in a mixture with zeolite-containing clays of local importance. The experiments result showed that with the indicator plants help it is possible not only to improve soil fertility, but also to significantly reduce the heavy metals and oil products amount. Organic waste from agricultural production was also of great importance in reducing soil toxicity: corn cobs, sunflower baskets, and leaf litter embedded in the soil with biological products. To activate the plowed organic mass, para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was used. The experiments result showed a significant decrease in toxicants in the soil when using organic waste and plowing plants as a green fertilizer in a mixture with zeolite-containing clays and biological products.
Geoinformation model of heterogeneity in the value of rural territories in the region
Authors: Zhigulina T N , Meretsky V A
Published: March 2021

The article deals with one of the main problems of the state land management system - the problem of decision-making information support. Using the example of a geoinformation model of rural Altai Territories value heterogeneity, the possibility of determining such territories on the basis of integral accounting of market data on quotations (transactions) and statistical indicators characterizing the quality of population social security, in terms of minimum conditions for the comfort of living is shown. To understand the relative value of a particular point on the digital model, a semblance of price relief is built. With the help of the constructed model on the territory of the region, it is possible to unambiguously distinguish several categories of territories that differ in value. The factors that explain the existing categories of territories in the region are considered. A set of such models provides an effective tool capable of making forecasts and proposing specific mechanisms for improving the policy in the field of region’s land and property complex management, aimed at increasing its value.
Modeling of rare rain floods on the example of middle rivers of Angara basin
Authors: Belyakova A Yu , Ivanyo Ya M , Petrova S A
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the results of creating mathematical models for predicting the maximum water discharge of rare rain floods and an algorithm for the probabilistic assessment of such hydrological phenomena. The developed models are implemented to describe the catastrophic flood observed on the river Iya at Tulun. The prognostic and actual values of the maximum water levels are compared, and the likelihood of a rare hydrological event with a dispersion interval for given significance levels is obtained. The results are important for warning the public about the dangers and designing protective structures.
Negative impact modeling on the Baltic Sea in the production of underground gas storages
Authors: Epifanov A V , Tsoy E V , Smirnova A S , Smirnova V O
Published: March 2021

The technology of construction in salt caves based on the erosion of salt layers of underground gas storages facilities has been considered. The main technological processes, leading to wastewater pollution have been determined. The main pollutants that were formed during the production of UGS facilities, which have a negative impact on the water environment, have been identified. The necessary hydrochemical, morphometric, hydrological and hydrometeorological characteristics of the Baltic Sea section in the area of wastewater discharge through the scattering outlet have been determined, the necessary cartographic material has been prepared in the system of geographic coordinates. The parameters were substantiated and mathematical models were constructed for wind currents and convective-diffusion transport of pollutants for a section of the Baltic Sea in the area of wastewater discharges from the Kaliningrad’s UGS facility. The zones of negative impacts of pollutants from wastewater discharges in the Baltic Sea area have been calculated.
Concentration of heavy metals in the soil cover of industrial zones of Krasnoyarsk
Authors: Korotchenko I S , Pervyshina G G , Rozhkova N A , Kostetskay T V , Lebedev N A
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the assessment of soil pollution in industrial zones of the city of Krasnoyarsk. The comparison of the regions of Krasnoyarsk CHPP-1, Krasnoyarsk CHPP-2 and Krasnoyarsk CHPP-3 is performed by the total index of soil pollution with heavy metals. The representativeness of the obtained data was confirmed by the corresponding statistical processing. In the studied areas, an increased content of mobile forms of lead, cadmium, copper, nickel, zinc, manganese, cobalt, chromium was recorded, which, in contrast to the control, is higher on average by 2.7; 2.6; 5.1; 6.1; 6.7; 4.4; 2.1; 1.7 times, respectively. An excess of the MPC (APC) for the elements under study was recorded, and only the content of mobile forms of cadmium in all 3 industrial zones does not exceed the MPC (APC). In the areas of TPP-1, TPP-2 and TPP-3 of the city of Krasnoyarsk, the content of Co, Cd, Ni and Mn has an indicator value. Indicators of the level of accumulation of heavy metals can be used in monitoring urban areas.
Ecological monitoring in the impact zone of an industrial enterprise producing alumina
Authors: Shepelev I I , Eskova E N , Kiryushin E V , Pilaeva O V
Published: March 2021

Ecological monitoring in the impact zone of an industrial enterprise that produces alumina will ensure effective management of production processes. In the course of monitoring in the area of sludge farm near Achinsk alumina plant in Russia, systematic observations and timely detection of underground water contamination, determining the size of the contamination area, as well as studying the development of the underground water contamination area in time and space is carried out. In wells located in the immediate proximity of the sludge storage, maximum values of alkalinity, potassium and bicarbonate are observed and away from the sludge storage, the values of these indicators decrease. It is established that the zone of negative impact is located within 300-500 m from the contour of the sludge storage, outside of which the chemical composition of underground water almost corresponds to the background. Monitoring studies of the soil in the area adjacent to the sludge storage showed their recovery after reclamation and phytosanation. The analysis has shown that the ecological monitoring system at JSC “RUSAL Achinsk” combines all the necessary components: instrument and hardware maintenance, a measurement organization system, and a set of methods for analyzing the results of observations, providing all the necessary conditions for its implementation in practice.
Plowing of soils in the Ciscaucasia: a criterion for choosing a processing system
Authors: Kuzychenko Yu A
Published: March 2021

Plowing up of soils, as the most common type of degradation, is expressed in a specific deterioration in the structure of the soil and an increase in its density. Therefore, it is necessary to assess the degree of plowing S of various types of soils of the Stavropol Territory, based on a number of agrophysical indicators: density (d, g/cm3), hardness (T, g/cm2) and soil structure (content of aggregates> 10 mm, C, %), s the purpose of developing recommendations for the introduction of specific systems of basic cultivation for crops of crop rotation on a specific type of soil. Calculations of the degree of plowing showed that on highly plowed solonetzic chernozems with a value of S = 0.99, deep moldboard-free loosening up to 30 cm is recommended. wheat, moldboard or non-moldboard tillage 25–27 cm for row crops, shallow tillage for ear crops after fallow fallows and legumes. On poorly plowed southern chernozems, light-dark and chestnut soils (S = 0.76 - 0.66), a minimization system with shallow basic tillage and periodic moldboard or non-moldboard tillage at the end of short rotation crop rotations is acceptable.
The use of pulp and paper industry waste as soil for recultivation of disturbed lands
Authors: Bogdanov A V , Shatrova A S , Darmaeva L B , Shkrabo A I
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the use of waste from the pulp and paper industry as soil, which can be used in technical and biological recultivation of disturbed lands, industrial waste dumps and other applications in accordance with its purpose. Studies of soil obtained from frozen sediments of sludge-lignin of JSC “Baikal Pulp and Paper Mill (BPPM)” with the addition of waste activated sludge of sewage treatment facilities were carried out. They were aimed at the research of its chemical and agrochemical composition, as well as toxicological properties. The tests carried out showed that the obtained soil is capable of intensifying the recultivation succession of disturbed lands, and also contributes to an increase in the growth and biomass of plants and increases their ability to reproduce. Thus, the developed technology for processing sediments of storage cards of JSC “BPPM” is based on the creation of effective conditions for such natural processes as freezing, drainage, self-overgrowth and allows not only to reduce the technical and economic costs of waste disposal, but also to increase the social and environmental security of the region.
The results of selective breeding of blue chives (Allium nutans L) on leached chernozem of the Ob region of the Altai Territory
Authors: Shishkina Y V , Zharkova S V , Gefke I V , Manylova O V
Published: March 2021

Perennial onion crops, due to their nutritional and taste properties, have been known and used by humans for a long time. Perennial species of onion crops are divided into edible and decorative, and people use them for these same qualities in their daily life. The group of perennial wild species of onion crops for consuming includes 18 species. These onions have a fairly high productivity and high eating experience. This group includes blue chives (Allium nutans L). In practical vegetable growing, this perennial plant is not very widespread. One of the reasons for the lack of demand for crops among producers is the lack of varieties adapted to growing conditions. The purpose of our work was to create a variety of blue chives for the conditions of the south of Western Siberia. The studies of promising clones of blue chives were carried out in 2008-2018 in the forest-steppe conditions of the Ob region of the Altai Territory. Field experiments were laid on a site located outside the selection crop rotation, at the West Siberian Vegetable Experimental Station, a branch of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “FSCVG”. The objects of the research are 8 breeds of blue chives, with numbers according to the station catalog: 28, 41, 51, 72, 169, 195, 218, and 225. The subject of research is economically valuable traits and indicators of the qualitative composition of leaves. The recognized variety “Green” was taken as a standard. As a result of the research carried out on the totality of indicators, sample No. 72 was selected, which was included in the program to create a new variety in 2011. Applying the method of analytical selection and using multiple clone selection, a new variety of blue chives, named Svetloyar, was developed. In 2018 sample No. 72 was transferred to the State Variety Test, successfully passed it and, according to the results of the study in 2020, it was zoned and entered into the State Register of Plant Variety Achievements approved for use as the variety “Svetloyar”.
Design and methodology for technological calculations of cable-winch traction plow ditchers
Authors: Karnaukhov A I , Kukhar I V , Orlovskiy S N
Published: March 2021

A current problem of drainage reclamation is the construction of a network of drainage canals or ditches. Existing technologies of an open drainage network ensure the use of single-bucket or rotary excavators, and with a ditch depth of up to 1 m it is required to use plow-type ditchers with two or three thrust tractors of T-170B type. It is possible to implement the required pulling forces for the operation of plow canal diggers using cable-winch draught. At the same time, a tractor with a winch-anchor passes, unwinding a tracking cable, along the route of the future channel, anchors and pulls the plow canal digger with the traction of the winch. On soils with a low bearing capacity, this principle of operation allows ensuring high flotation and efficiency factor, to realize the traction forces required for constructing a canal up to 1.7 m deep in one pass. Hereof it follows that the determination of the optimal design parameters of the units for forest reclamation work, as well as their mode work is relevant.
Climate influence on photosynthesis related morphophysiological traits of wheat
Authors: Stupko V Yu , Neshumaeva N A , Pomytkin N S , Kukushkina K V , Surin N A
Published: March 2021

The morphophysiological parameters of leaves are often used for breeding material screening in selection programs for stress tolerance. In opposite, the pigments content (chlorophyll a and b, carotenoids) and their ratios, stoma quantity and size on both leaf sides and leaf area were involved into characterization of single soft spring wheat variety reactions to different climate conditions at different vegetation stages. Three geographic locations of the Krasnoyarsk Territory were involved. Chlorophyll content along with stoma area appeared to be the most sensitive traits and changed a lot, depending on weather conditions at the certain vegetation stage. So they were considered to be the main predictors of grain yield at 2020 vegetation period.
The prospects for no-till in the cultivation of corn for grain
Authors: Volkov A I , Prohorova L N , Shabalin R A
Published: March 2021

Low-fertile sod-podzolic soils of Chuvashia studied the influence of traditional, minimal and zero tillage on the yield and quality of corn grain. Traditional technology of maize cultivation for grain included disc discarding of stubble of spring wheat to a depth of 4–6 cm, peeling, dumping of plow for 20–22 cm, pre-sowing cultivation for 4–6 cm with simultaneous harrowing, sowing and packing. The system with minimal soil cultivation was based on autumn disking and stubble sinking to a depth of 6–10 cm, spring pre-sowing cultivation for 8– 10 cm and sowing with the Amazone seed drill. At no-till processing in the autumn period, the herbicide was sprayed with a continuous Zero action and a direct sowing of maize by the Amazone complex in the spring. Research conducted on a highly efficient hybrid of the ROSS 199 MV universal direction showed the advantages of no-till of the ground before the minimal and traditional technologies. The coefficient of energy efficiency in this case was 2.11 (with the traditional - 2.02, with the minimum - 2.10), and the profitability level increased by 3.6 and 1.5% compared to traditional and minimal tillage. Biochemical analysis revealed that the corn grain at zero processing is not inferior in quality to the control variant. In all variants of the experiment, 1 kg of grain corresponded to 1.42 feed units and 13.01-13.05 MJ of exchange energy.
Implementation of the circular economy in the timber industry of the Krasnoyarsk territory
Authors: Yushmanova V A , Vysotina A A , Novoselsky N K , Ragozina M A , Nurgaleev B A
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the issues related to the development of methods for introducing the circular economy to the timber industry in Russia. Much attention is given to the introduction of a closed-loop economy that will create a beneficial environment for the development of the timber industry, and the use of this technique will allow enterprises to solve economic, resource and ecological problems. It is spoken in detail about actions of the development and establishment of the circular economy by the example of the Krasnoyarsk territory taking into account international experience of implementation. The model of the technological process of a closed-loop timber industry has been developed based on the Strategy for Development of Industry for Sorting, Recycling and Treatment of Waste for the period until 2030. The efficiency of the model implementation was analyzed. The findings suggest that this approach could also be useful for the enhancement of economic efficiency at enterprises. It has been found that use of waste-free production can reduce the environmental burden in the Krasnoyarsk territory.
Study of application prospects of water resources of some water storage basins of Samara region for the purposes of drinking water supply
Authors: Shabanova A V , Zakirova M N
Published: March 2021

Providing the population with high-quality drinking water is an important task, for the implementation of which, in particular, the state program of the Samara region “Clean Water” was approved. One of the first stages of its implementation is an inventory of surface and ground water bodies that are promising for drinking water supply. Water storage basins are of particular interest in this regard. The present work deals with the assessment of water quality of Vetlyanskoye, Polyakovskoye and Chernovskoye reservoirs by a set of hydrochemical indicators. It is shown that the water of Polyakovskoye and Chernovskoye reservoirs generally meets the requirements of standards for drinking water, while the water of Vetlyanskoye water storage basin has a high salinity and a significant excess of the MPC for manganese compounds. In this regard, the prospects for using of the water of Vetlyanskoe reservoir seem to be dubious due to the need to organize a technically complex stage of demanganation in the process of water treatment. The decision on the possibility of using the water resources of Polyakovskoe and Chernovskoe reservoirs for drinking water supply can be made after additional safety studies on microbiological indicators.
Spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries and its preventive measures
Authors: Zhang Qian
Published: March 2021

The new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are developing vigorously. The integration of automobiles with the energy, communications and other industries has been accelerated, and profound changes have taken place in automobile product forms, transportation modes, energy consumption structure and social operation modes, and the new-energy automobile industry is facing unprecedented opportunities for development. However, lithium battery, the main component of new energy vehicles, has become a power source and an energy storage power source for peak-frequency modulation due to its advantages of high voltage, good cycling performance, high specific energy and small environmental pollution. With the development of new battery material technology, the energy density and electrochemical performance of batteries have been greatly improved, but this often leads to the decrease of safety performance, resulting in frequent fire accidents of lithium batteries. In this paper, the fire causes of lithium batteries are analyzed and the frontier research on fire causes of lithium batteries is described. Secondly, the combustion mechanism of lithium battery is analyzed, including the process of thermal runaway and diffusion. Thirdly, the improvement measures in material, technology, design and control system of lithium battery are put forward. It is hoped that these Suggestions can promote the prevention of spontaneous combustion of lithium batteries.
Sanitary and hygienic aspects of urban environment pollution by dog feces
Authors: Lykov I N , Pavlova O P , Rudova S A
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study is to assess the scale of parasitic and microbial soil contamination in residential areas of the city of Kaluga (Russia), including playgrounds and kindergarten areas. The research method involved identifying Toxocara eggs and microorganisms in sandpits, lawns, and boulevards. Investigated 210 samples of soil and sand in different areas of the city. It was found that the soil pollution of boulevards with Toxocara eggs is 4.9 times higher than that of sandpits and 1.9 times higher than that of lawns. Molds of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium, Mucor, Fusarium, Cladosporium, Candida, Alternaria, and Rhizopus were sown most often from the soils of lawns and boulevards. The bacterial microbiota is represented by Clostridium, Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella and Micrococcus. The average number of microorganisms isolated from soil and sand samples varied in the range from 1.5 to 3.0 million CFU in 1 g. To quantitatively estimate the population of domestic animals, a sociological survey was conducted annually for 20 years. A total of 4,700 people over the age of 16 were interviewed.
Carbon additives for high-quality well cementing
Authors: Kovalchuk V S , Nikolaev N I
Published: March 2021

This article deals with the possibility of adding carbon materials to the cement system. The obtained experimental results are able to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of the grouting mixtures modified with the graphite and its derivatives. The solution of the highly efficient well cementing and fixing operations should be done by the introduction chemical additives to the cement slurry. It is necessary to conduct laboratory investigation with respect to the certain geological, technical and technological features of the mine. That is why several types of carbon additives were examined. The results of this study are useful for finding efficient and ecologically friendly resolution and the maximal strength and minimal permeability values of the grouting mixtures, modified with graphite, oxidized graphite, and flacked thermally expanded oxidized graphite.
Research of microdeformation and stress in details of agricultural machines by implementing holography
Authors: Rogovskii I L , Sivak I M , Voinash S A , Sokolova V A , Garbuzova T G , Rzhavtsev A A , Kokieva G E , Romanyuk N N
Published: March 2021

The article presents theoretical and experimental studies of microstrains and stresses in the details of agricultural machines by the implementation of holography. The expansion of computer holography, associated with the development of optical methods for studying the technical condition of agricultural machinery and their components, is accompanied by significant complications associated with the interpretation of interferograms. An important solution was to investigate the process and the associated appearance of microdeformation fields on the surface of the product without destroying it. In this case, the conditions of the allowable load and, accordingly, the allowable technical condition of the product were created, when the natural sample or the real part was not destroyed, and the hologram was recorded at the time of appearance and development of microdeformations. The hologram reproduced the kinetics of the process in a three-dimensional image, where all the elements of the study were in real time and real size, which made it possible to capture the three components of the microdeformation vector. Such experimental researches for establishment of admissible values of a technical condition were carried out according to the developed technique were carried out for the first time. The use of holography as a means of research allowed to obtain the values of microdeformation in three directions of the vector, as well as to mathematically describe the dependence of these deformations on the coordinates.
The productive performance in broilers fed diets supplemented with new animal-derived protein additives
Authors: Saleeva I P , Lukashenko V S , Zhuravchuk E V , Ovseychik E A
Published: March 2021

The efficiency of new dietary protein additives based on the wastes and by-products of the slaughter and primary processing of poultry was studied on four treatments of broilers (cross “Smena-8”, 1-38 days of age; 3 replicates per treatment, 35 birds per replicate) reared in similar conditions of management and nutrition. Control treatment 1 was fed vegetable diets without animal-derived ingredients; control treatment 2 was fed diets supplemented with fishmeal; in diets for treatments 3 and 4 fishmeal was substituted by two new protein additives produced by the fermentation of the preliminary hydrolyzed slaughter wastes (feathers, intestines, blood, meat-bone residues, etc.) by proteolytic enzymes in different conditions (2 hours at 55°C for treatment 3; 1.5 minutes at 160°C for treatment 4). The best productive performance in broilers was found in treatment 3: average live bodyweight at 38 days of age in this treatment was significantly higher by 8.47% in compare to control and by 4.57% in compare to treatment 2 (p≤0.05); feed conversion ratio was lower by 2.96 and 1.80%, respectively. In treatment 4 these parameters were slightly worse in compare to treatment 3 though better than in treatments 1 and 2. Treatments 3 and 4 also featured higher meat yield and better sensory characteristics of cooked meat and broth.
Presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment
Authors: Lykov I N , Volodkin V S
Published: March 2021

The emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the environment is a serious medical and environmental problem worldwide. An important reservoir of such bacteria are aquatic ecosystems, which are polluted by human waste, agricultural and industrial wastewater. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are able to transfer their genes to other aquatic bacteria, which thus acquire new resistance genes. The aim of this study is to assess the antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated from the rivers of the Kaluga region, which are most susceptible to the effects of urbanization and agriculture. Water samples were taken from the Oka, Yachenka, Kaluzhka, Ugra rivers. Most often, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium perfringens, Klebsiella spp., Alcaligenes faecalis, Aeromonas spp. Were sown from water samples. Studies have shown that all isolated microorganisms have multi-resistance to one degree or another. But Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, and Alcaligenes faecalis had the greatest resistance to various antibiotics.
Rigidity, creep and dynamic strength of plastics for three-dimensional printing of machine parts
Authors: Dorodov P V , Kasatkin V V , Lekomcev P L , Petrov V A , Niyazov A M
Published: March 2021

Increasingly, parts of complex shapes are made using three-dimensional printing. This technique is also used in the design of equipment at the stage of physical modeling of their structures to determine certain properties of the product as a whole and its individual parts (details) on the corresponding models. The necessary conditions for physical modeling are the geometric and physical similarity of the model and kind. The presence of such proportionality makes it possible to recalculate the experimental results obtained for the model in kind by multiplying each of the determined values by a constant multiplier for all values of this dimension – the similarity coefficient. However, to study the physical characteristics of a product, it is necessary to take into account the mechanical properties of the material of its model. From various sources, you can find the main mechanical characteristics of plastic threads or samples made on a 3-D printer. Their values vary greatly depending on the manufacturing technology of models and are determined under conditions of static loading only, which is not enough to study the stress-strain state of parts that are affected by suddenly applied, long-term and dynamic loads during machine operation. This paper presents the results of a study of the physical and mechanical properties of polylactide (PLA) and polyethylene tereflatate (PET-G), which are used in the manufacture of parts by three-dimensional printing. The specific stiffness of polymers was for PLA 1.61…2.18 MPa·m3/kg, for PET-G – 1.15…1.41 MPa·m3/kg. The specific impact strength for PLA is 751.6…774.2 J·m/kg, for PET-G – 571.6…583.0 J·m/kg. The specific endurance for PLA was 1.75…2.76 kPa·m3/kg, for PET-G – 3.0…3.10 kPa·m3/kg.
Results of studies of wheat bread for lead content using the additive method
Authors: Abuova A B , Rebezov M B , Mukhamedyarova L G , Shakirova S S , Khaimuldinova A K , Yermakhanova F R
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the problem under consideration is due to the need for hardware to cover a wide range in the determination of heavy metals in food. One of the primary and important tasks remains to ensure control of the quantitative content of lead, the introduction and application of fast and reliable methods of their research. The analysis of the data obtained shows that all the results on the study of wheat bread for the content of lead, obtained by stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrometry for the assessment of precision and operational control of the error using the method of additions are satisfactory. The obtained monitoring results indicate that in the range of less than 0.01 mg of lead per 1 kg of wheat bread prevail (75.6%) over other ranges. The least registered sample results are (2.2%) with the range of obtained data: 0.1-1.0 mg/kg.
Botryocephaly of carp in a warm-water tank farm under natural conditions of fish keeping (dynamics of infection, therapeutic and preventive measures)
Authors: Skachkov D P , Safiullin R T
Published: March 2021

The characteristics of the disease are given, the urgency of the problem is emphasized. The degree of infestation of fish with botryocephalus during the growing season and the effectiveness of therapeutic and preventive treatments by helminthological opening of 40-50 fish from the pontoon line before using the preparation; and of 40-50 fish on the 4th or 5th day after the therapeutic feeding are established. An assessment of various methods and frequency of application of therapeutic feed with microsalum is given, as well as recommendations on the use of therapeutic feed both for preventive and therapeutic purposes are given.
Behavioral activity of Ursus arctos brown bear in zoo conditions
Authors: Moiseeva T A
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to observing the behavior of brown bears in a zoo using time slicing method. For each of the experimental bears, time budgets were determined - a system of indicators characterizing the distribution of time expenditures by types of use, and their detailed analysis was carried out. It is concluded that in the time budgets of the experimental bears, two forms of behavioral activities predominate: circular walking, which is a form of undesirable behavior in bears and at the same time a way of adapting to the conditions of the zoo, means to throw out the accumulated energy, and lying down is a lack of physical activity, which is most pronounced in a young female. Normal forms of locomotor activity typical of brown bears - standing on their hind legs, scratching on the grate - are less represented in zoo bears. Also, using the Shannon index, the diversity of behavior of the experimental bears was assessed. The greater diversity of behavior in the adult male than in the cubs, the authors associate with the greater adaptation of the adult bear to the conditions of the zoo.
Growth and development of replacement heifers depending on the origin
Authors: Gorelik A S , Arkanov P V , Bratishko N , Vdovina I , Gorelik L Sh
Published: March 2021

For insemination of cattle’s broodstock, the bulls’ seed is used, both domestic and foreign selection, that is, the increase in blood count of received heifers for the Holstein breed continues. The growth of animals, despite general growth patterns, is influenced by many factors, including their origin. The research aim is to assess weight growth characteristics of replacement heifers, depending on their origin, namely the father – the servicing bull. It was found that the difference in live weight at birth between heifers of different seed bulls was insignificant and amounted to 1.4 kg or 4.7%. The highest live weight at 18 months of age had heifers from the Sayan bull – 425.3 kg, slightly 3.6-5.3 kg inferior to them were the heifers from the Cassio and Mers bulls. Heifers grew unevenly over the periods. The uneven growth of heifers of different seed bulls, although it has a general pattern, but differs in groups. If in the period from 6 to 12 months of age there is a decrease in absolute growth in all groups, then already in the next period we can note the peculiarities in absolute growth change. So, the absolute growth of the heifers from the Das bull remained at the same level; the absolute growth of the heifers from the Sayan, De-Su, Tuareg, Cassio bulls continued to decline, and the absolute growth of the heifers from the seed bulls Havano, Mers and Bentley increased. On average, for the entire growing period, it ranged from 21.0 to 22.0 kg per month. Thus, the culture system of replacement heifers on the farm allows to get good results. The age of the first heifers’ insemination, depending on belonging to the seed bull, ranges from 14.3 to 16.9 months, which allows us to speak about using early terms of the first heifers’ insemination. The live weight at the time of the first insemination meets the requirements.
Method for detection latent natural foci of wild animals babesioses in nature conservation reserves
Authors: Belimenko V V , Khristianovsky P I
Published: March 2021

Babesioses are large group of natural focus transmissive tick-born diseases, which are wide spread and damage many species of domestic and wild animals. Babesia spp. the causative agents of babesiosis in livestock also infect the phylogenetic species of wild animals. Vectors of Babesia spp are hard ticks. In agriculture for control of tick the insectoacaricides are used usually. But this way is impossible for nature conservation reserves because the employment of chemical and biological drugs for acaricidal treatment is prohibited by Federal Low N 33 from 14.03.95. The purpose of the manuscript is providing the methodology for detection of natural foci of animal babesiosis for evaluation of epizootological situation in nature conservation reserves. The Method is based on Babesia lifecycle and observation of Babesia in tissues ang egg of ticks.
Productivity of crop rotation by the main tillage in the Tyumen region
Authors: Rzaeva V
Published: March 2021

The problem of tillage is one of the most pressing in agriculture and the most controversial. Mechanical tillage is the most common type of work in agriculture, without which it is hardly possible to cultivate crops. The research was carried out on the experimental field of the Department of Agriculture of the State Agrarian University of the Northern Trans-Urals in 2008–2016. The soil is leached chernozem of heavy loamy granulometric composition with morphological features and properties typical for Western Siberia. As a result of the long-term research, the effectiveness of differentiated main soil processing while the cultivation of crops in the crop rotation was established. It should be noted that the yield of spring wheat is higher when placed with the first crop after the full fallow, the yield of the second spring wheat after the full fallow is lower than the yield of the first wheat. Reducing the depth of processing led to a decrease in the yield of cultivated crops. In terms of crop rotation, the highest yield of fodder and grain units per hectare was obtained by differentiated deep processing, which is higher than the control (moldboard) and moldboard-free. As a result of a decrease in the depth of processing, there was a decrease in the yield of fodder and grain units. The lowest yield of both fodder and grain units was obtained in the fields without main processing. In the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region, the cultivation of agricultural crops (annual grasses, spring wheat) is effective in terms of differentiated main tillage in crop rotation.
Evaluation of the state of the “Yauza River Valley” landscape reserve
Authors: Novikov A V , Sumarukova O V , Lagutina N V , Barsukova M V , Rodionov A V
Published: March 2021

Specially protected natural areas within large cities provide not only their main nature protection function, but also have an important recreational and educational value for people. At the same time, these ecosystems are affected by different kinds of man-made impacts of the urban environment, the excessive pressure of which may disturb the balance in the ecosystems. In order to minimize such impacts and maintain sustainable existence of specially protected natural areas, it is necessary to perform regular monitoring that can help analyze the state of these ecosystems and predict future changes in them. There are four main types of anthropogenic impacts that are mostly associated with high visitor attendance of protected areas: trampling and littering, contamination of water bodies and animal disturbance. Usually, the natural environment has a response to the negative impact on it. Methods of environmental control are based on this principle and can help to identify such impacts more accurately. In this work, the state of the “Yauza River Valley” landscape reserve was analyzed using various environmental control methods. A particular attention was paid to methods related to bioindication of natural ecosystems and based on the study of recreational pressures in the area.
Viruses in the agrobiocenosis of the potato fields
Authors: Sobko O A , Matsishina N V , Fisenko P V , Kim I V , Didora A S , Boginskay N G , Volkov D I
Published: March 2021

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most popular crops in the world. About 40 phytopathogenic viruses have been identified on potato in various countries and regions with various natural and climatic conditions. The situation is compounded by the fact that many viral infections persist and accumulate in wild and weedy plants. The viruses spread speed depends on the transmission method, the quickest virus transmission method being flying insects. We have identified 27 species of wild weeds from 13 botanical families. PLRV potato virus (potato leaf roll virus) and PVY (potato virus Y) were detected on the perennial sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis). On the wild camomile (Tripleurospermum inodorum) - PVS (potato virus S), belonging to the Flexiviriadae family, genus Carlavirus. The PVY virus was found on meadow clover (Trifolium pratense typus L.), wild spin (Chenopodium album L.), dooryard plantain (Plantago major L.), upland cress (Barbarea vulgaris W.T.Aiton), ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L). Potato mosaic group viruses were detected by PCR method in Lygus pratensis and Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata. Thus, it was identified a pathobiocenosis that includes pathogens – PVY, PVS, PLRV, vectors – Lygus pratensis and Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata and susceptible to infection organisms, which are wild weeds – Sonchus arvensis and Tripleurospermum inodorum, Trifolium pratense typus, Chenopodium album, Plantago major, Barbarea vulgaris, ambrosia artemisiifolia are virus reservoirs.
The effectiveness of tank mixtures of herbicides with the preparation Plektor for the protection of soybeans in the conditions of the Amur region
Authors: Krylova T S , Belov D A , Dorozhkina L S , Dubrovin A N , Dubovitskaya L K , Kolesnikova T P
Published: March 2021

The data on testing of a new herbicide Plektor, 0.03 kg/ha in the Russian Federation in a mixture with herbicides Paradox, 0.3 l/ha and Corsair, 2 l/ha for the protection of soybeans in the Amur region in 2018-2019 are presented. Processing with tank mixture was carried out in the phase of 2-3 true leaves (t.l) of soybeans. The biological efficiency of the mixtures was 70-86% and exceeded the values of the benchmark (Galaxy Top, 1.5 l/ha + Aramo, 1.5 l/ha, 65-74%). The high efficiency of the mixtures was noted against the pigweed and barnyard millet, while the Plektor mixture 0.03 kg/ha + Pauradox, 0.3 l/ha, showed high efficiency in suppression of the common commeline, and the Plector 0.03 kg/ha + Corsair, 2.0 l/ha + Miura, 0.8 l/ha - of the frost-blite. The yield increase was 4.1 - 4.4 c/ha, the weight of 1000 seeds -166-182 g and the protein content - 34-37%.
Lodging resistance of modern domestic rice varieties
Authors: Dzhamirze R R , Ostapenko N N , Chinchenko N N
Published: March 2021

Lodging is a complex process that expresses the plant’s response to environmental factors. The main direction of breeding grain crops is to increase yields and improve the grain quality indicators. For the plants to form the maximum yield, it is necessary to develop varieties with a high potential for productivity and quality, resistance to biotic and abiotic environmental factors. In this regard, 5 new rice varieties of domestic breeding were studied in comparison with the large-grain standard Favorit on an optimal background of mineral nutrition and they were evaluated for a complex of traits and for lodging resistance. The experiment was carried out in 2019-2020 under the conditions of field experment on the rice irrigation system of the experimental production department (ROS OPO) “FSC of Rice” (Federal Scientific Rice Centre), Krasnodar. A significant difference was established between the new rice varieties in comparison with the standard in terms of the complex of anatomical and morphological traits - the maximum values of the diameter of the lower internode (0.80 and 0.78 cm) were observed in VNIIR 10275 and VNIIR 10254, respectively; the predominant ratio of the height of the straw to the diameter of the lower internode (90.8 and 120.7) was established at VNIIR 10254 and Veles; the new genotypes showed a reliably high resistance of the stem to bending with the maximum value for VNIIR 10275 (165.75 g). The important structural elements of productivity of new varieties were determined and the excess of some of them over the variety Favorit was revealed: high density of the main panicle in the varieties Romans and VNIIR 10279 (12.2 and 11.8 pcs / cm); VNIIR 10254 has a large caryopsis and the largest weight of 1000 grains at 14% moisture content (43.1 g); at VNIIR 10275 and VNIIR 10279, the maximum productivity of one growing day (100.4 and 110.4 kg / ha / day) and grain content of agrophytocenosis (50.00 and 58.19 thousand pieces / m2) were established. A close positive relationship was revealed between the stem’s resistance to bending and the diameter of the lower internode (r = 0.930), as well as a negative correlation of the average degree between the grain mass of the main panicle with the stem’s bending resistance (r = -0.552) and the diameter of the lower internode (r = -0.530). Based on the data obtained, it was decided to transfer the variety VNIIR 10279 (Dialog) for 2021 to the State Variety Testing (SVT).
Effectiveness of the antibacterial action of the complex drug “VITAROL-E” in comparison with chloramphenicol and correction of non-specific factors of fish body protection
Authors: Droshnev A E , Zavyalova E A
Published: March 2021

At adaptation of fishes to new conditions of habitation, in an organism there is an activization of processes with participation of free radicals. The application in combined medication – «Vitarol-E» – in the treatment with aeromonose enables to maintain the essential level of antioxidants in the organism of fish, by that increasing non-specific resistance. Antimicrobial effect of «Vitarol-E» in tested quantities leads to the formation of the concentration in tissues, which provides germicidal activity.
Dogs and cat’s jejunum echoicity characterization in the postprandial period
Authors: Tcygansky R A , Nekrasova I I , Shulunova A N , Sidelnikov A I
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the quantitative characterization of dogs and cats’ jejunum mucus membrane echoicity in different functional states (fasting and postprandial period). The object of the study was healthy dogs of different ages and different breeds (17) and cats (14) of both sexes at the age from 1 to 7 years. The studies were carried out at the Pirogov Veterinary Center in Stavropol using a SIUI Apogee 1100 Omni scanner (Shantou Institute of Ultrasonic Instruments Co., Ltd., Guangdong, China) according to the standard technique using a multi-frequency linear sensor with a frequency of 7-12 MHz. Echohomogeneity and echoicity of the intestinal wall was determined by the method of Silina T L, et al. (2010). Animals were examined before feeding with a preliminary 10-12 hour fasting diet, 20, 40, 60, 90, 120 and 180 minutes after feeding with Purina® ready-made dry food. Mucous membrane echoicity of dogs and cats’ duodenum and jejunum does not change after feeding however 64.7% of dogs had single and multiple small inclusions and less often a longitudinal hyperechoic stripe appears in the mucosa. These changes are most expressed from 60 to 120 minutes after feeding and mostly disappear by 180 minutes. Only 21.4% of cats showed the presence of single hyperechoic inclusions in the mucous membrane of the duodenum or jejunum from 40 to 90 minutes after feeding. The described changes in the mucous membrane of the jejunum must be taken into account when an ultrasound scan is performed on an animal after a meal.
Ichthyofauna of the Islands of the Taui Bay coastal waters and recreational fishing
Authors: Yusupov R R , Radchenko O A , Moreva I N , Yusupov Rus R
Published: March 2021

The material for research was a collected fish in the littoral and sublittoral zones of the Islands of Nedorazumeniya and Zavyalov coasts (Northern part of the sea of Okhotsk) in June 2018 and August 2019.The authors’ research identified 22 and 25 species of fish that live in the summer in the littoral and sublittoral zones of the sea coast of Zavyalov and Nedorazumeniya Islands, respectively. Of these the most numerous are the Blue rockfish Sebastes glaucus (24.5-49.0%), and White spotted greenling Hexagrammos stelleri (13.5-35.7%). Most species are demersal and benthic ichthyocoen. 41% of the species are characterized by the broad-boreal near-Asian type of range, 28% - mainly boreal, 13% - Arctic-boreal, 9% - high-boreal near-Asian and broad-boreal Pacific. For the development of recreational fishing, 15 species of fish can be promising, for which size and weight indicators are given.
Evaluation of efficiencies of biological propylene oxidation in the presence of metals
Authors: Avdeeva L V , Golovanova S A
Published: March 2021

The effect of metal ions (iron, nickel, zinc) in concentration range (1÷60)×10−5 M on biological propylene oxidation by bacteria Methylococcus capsulatus (M) was evaluated. The influence of metal varied from activation to inhibition. It was found that at low concentrations (up to (1÷10) ×10−5 M) iron ions stimulate the biological propylene oxidation, while nickel and zinc ions have no that effect. When the metal concentration increases to 60×10−5 M, it leads to inhibition of propylene oxidation by both nickel and zinc ions, but the inhibition by iron was not observed. The minimum inhibitory concentrations for the studied metals were determined.