bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-clinical study of complex phyto-sorbents on the basis of makley and chitozan
Authors:   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education Saint Petersburg state Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Baryshev V.A. , Popova O.S. ,   Federal State Budget Educational Institution of Higher Education Saint Petersburg state Academy of Veterinary Medicine
Published: November 2020

The aim of our research was to assess the toxicity of complex phytosorbents based on maklea cordate and chitosan. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity in vitro was carried out according to the General Pharmacopoeia Monograph (the method is described in the Pharmacopoeia (OFS.1.2.4.0010.15), three types of phytosorption complex were used as the material for the study. Phytosorbents were included in samples 1–3. In addition to sorbents, sample No. 1, oil of oregano and thyme containing carvacrol (with proven antimicrobial activity in previous experi-ments) was added, compound Macleaya cor-data was added to compound No. 2, and chi-tosan was added to compound No. 3-components of samples 1. Нe study of the toxicity of the studied parameters was stud-ied according to the guidelines [5]. The haz-ard class of the studied drugs was deter-mined according to GOST 12.1.007-76. Ac-cording to experiments, drugs can be classi-fied as low-hazard substances. Assessment of acute and subacute toxicity proved the absence of negative effects of both drugs on the body of laboratory ani-mals, at a dose twice and four times the rec-ommended therapeutic, which is 6000 mg / goal. and 12000 mg / goal., Do not cause toxic effects and death of animals. And the introduction of complexes with chitosan and macklea, at a dose of 6000 mg / goal. within 28 days, positively affects the body of labor-atory rats. That allows research to determine the effectiveness, including on productive animals. Factors that determine the relevance of the development of highly effective phytobi-otics and their use in animal husbandry and poultry farming should also include the high profitability of the production of environ-mentally friendly agricultural products and the task of improving the quality of life of the population.
Analysis and evaluation of the industrial veterinary diet "brit veterinary diet cat grain free struvite" in the complex treat-ment of struvite urolitiaisis
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Lunegov A.M. , Selivanova I.R. ,   «ContinentZOO», Lunegova I.V. ,   veterinary clinic «NikаVet»
Published: November 2020

Intensive consumption of dry feed of low quality, a sedentary lifestyle in animals, chronic infectious diseases of the urinary tract of cats lead to an increase of urolithia-sis. We have conducted analysis and evalua-tion of the veterinary diets "Brit Veterinary Diet Cat Struvite Grain Free" in cats with a stated diagnosis of struvite urolithiasis. The study was conducted in veterinary clin-ic LLC «Nikavet» in Saint-Petersburg and at the Department of pharmacology and toxicology of SPbGAVM in the autumn-winter period in 2019. The object of clinical and laboratory research were ten domestic cats of different sex, age and breed groups. During the clinical analysis of urine in most patients, urine pH was at the upper limits of the norm or exceeded it at an average of 0.5 units. The urine of all studied animals was muddy with a high density of 0.06 g/l, max-imum protein content was in the range of 3.0 g/l, at a rate of 0-0. 04. Such indicators in the urine as leukocytes, urobilinogen, ascorbic acid, epithelium, red blood cells exceeded the permissible limits. Duing urine sediment microscopy in three studied animals, crystals (struvites) occupied the entire field of view. Ultrasound examination of the bladder in animals showed a large and a moderate amount of hyperechoic suspension in the cavity, thickening of the mucous layer and clear differentiation of the layers of the bladder wall. After complex treatment with the use of veterinary diets at 15th day, the results of the analysis of urine from seven of the ten animals showed a good positive trend for the evaluated criteria (pH, protein, leukocyte count, uroliths and microflo-ra). At the end of 30 days from the begin-ning of the therapy performed in conjunc-tion with diet therapy, no deviations from physiological norms were detected during ultrasound diagnostics or according to the results of clinical analysis of urine.
Parasitocenosis of pigs and parasite control
Authors:   FGBOU VO ", Vodyanitskaya S.N. ,   Belgorod agrarian Univer-sity named after V. Gorin", Evdokimov V.V. ,   FGBOU VO "Belgorod agrarian Univer-sity named after V. Gorin"
Published: November 2020

ПАРАЗИТОЦЕНОЗЫ СВИНЕЙ И БОРЬБА С НИМИ Parasitocenosis of pigs and parasite control. Vodyanitskaya S.N. Evdokimov V.V. FGBOU VO "Belgorod agrarian Univer-sity named after V. Gorin" Infectious and invasive diseases cause huge economic damage to pig farming, among which a large proportion is occupied by diseases caused by protozoa and hel-minths. These infestations can lead not only to death and forced slaughter, but also to a significant slowdown in the growth and de-velopment of animals. Eimeriosis and iso-sporosis of pigs are widespread diseases characterized by lesions of the small and large intestine. The pathogens of the disease are up to 15 species of Eimeria and 3 species of isospores. The most susceptible to the disease are pigs from ten days of age to two months of age. Older pigs also get sick, but in a mild form. The most severe diseases occur when combined infestations of proto-zoa and intestinal nematodes. A total of 1,330 pigs (suckling pigs, weaning pigs, rearing pigs, gestating and suckling sows) were examined in different seasons of the year. Coproscopy of Eimeria oocysts and nematode eggs was performed using the double centrifugation method, and balantidia were detected in a native smear. The extent of infestation (EI) was deter-mined by detecting parasites in 30 fecal sam-ples, and the intensity of infestation (AI) was determined by counting them in 20 fields of view of the microscope. The species of coc-cidia was determined by the determinant of parasitic protozoa, and helminth eggs were determined by an improved method of dou-ble centrifugation. The article presents study data of mixed intestinal infestations of pigs. It was found that most often animals become infected with eimeria, isospores, balantidium and roundworms. These parasites are found in groups of pigs of different ages, both sin-gly and in combination. The season, age and their place of detention affect the extent of the invasion. The timely implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures on pig farms leads to a decrease in the manifesta-tion of associative animals’ diseases. A se-lective ovoscopic examination of pigs of all age groups once a season helps to prevent the spread of invasion on the farm.
Influence of cadmium on hematological indicators of carp
Authors:   St. Petersburg state Academy of veterinary medicine, Karpenko L. Yu. , Polistovskaya P. A. ,   St. Petersburg state Academy of veterinary medicine, Enukashvili A. I. ,   St. Petersburg state Academy of veterinary medicine, Balykina A. B. ,   St. Petersburg state Academy of veterinary medicine
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the assessment of the toxic effects of cadmium acetate on fish. The research topic is relevant, since heavy metals, and especially cadmium, are ones of the most dangerous pollutants for the aquatic environment. After the emission of the already used water by the electricity-power plants into the reservoirs of circulating wa-ter, a sharp increase in the maximum permit-ted concentrations of heavy substances can be observed often, which act on hydrobi-onts for a rather short period of time. That is why, modeling this effect is necessary to study the effects of heavy metals. The aim of the assay was to study the hematological parameters of carp after exposure to various concentrations of cadmium acetate. During the experiment, 5 groups of fish were formed - 1 control group (10 fish), 4 experimental groups - 10 fish each. The experimental groups of fish were exposed in a solution of cadmium acetate (Cd (CH3COO) 2) with concentrations of 0.05 mg / l, 0.5 mg / l, 5 mg / l, 50 mg / l (exceeding the maximum permissible concentration of cadmium for fisheries in 10, 100, 1000 and 10000 times respectively). We have investigated: the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, the number of red blood cells in the blood and the con-centration of hemoglobin in the blood. Dur-ing the study, the authors noted an increase in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate due to the formation of conglomerates of blood cells with plasma proteins, as well as a de-crease in the number of red blood cells due to the toxic effect of cadmium acetate. A decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood was also observed, probably associated with a decrease in the number of red blood cells due to their lysis. With an increase in the concentration of the metal under study, there is a significant increase in ESR, a decrease in the level of hemoglobin and the number of red blood cells.
Morphology of the Dorper sheep lung bloodstream at the stages of postnatal ontogenesis
Authors:   FGBU “Saint Petersburg state Academy of veterinary medicine”, Glushanok S. S. , Shipakin M. V. ,   FGBU “Saint Petersburg state Academy of veterinary medicine”
Published: November 2020

Sheep farming is one of the main branch of animal husbandry, which is of great national economic importance. For the study at the department of animal anatomy of St. Peters-burg state Academy of veterinary medicine was used cadaver material from animals, obtained during slaughter from the "Gzhelskoe Podvorye", Moscow region. For the study was used a complex anatomical technique, including thin anatomical dissec-tion, vasography and macrophotography. Intravascular injection was performed through the abdominal aorta. The contrasting mass for x-ray diagnostics was a suspension of lead meerkat in turpentine with rectified ethyl alcohol and glycerin. Then the material was fixed for 5 days in 10% formalin solu-tion. X-ray diagnostics of cadaver material was performed on a Gierthhf 200A Power x-ray machine with the following technical conditions: 40 kV, 0.42 mAs. Focal length 90 cm, raster grid was not used. All meas-urements and calculations were performed in the Canon electronic program. Based on our research, we found for the first time that the lungs of the studied animals receive blood from two different vascular systems. The first refers to the small circle of blood cir-culation and is represented by the pulmonary arteries. The second originates from the large circle of blood circulation and is repre-sented by the bronchial arteries. In this case, both systems take an unequal part in the nu-trition of the lungs. Thus, the bronchial arter-ies feed the structures of the bronchial tree, the parenchyma of the lungs, as well as their lymph nodes and pleura. We also found that the largest increase in the diameter of these vessels occurs in these animals from five to six months to one year.
The effect of the drug with hepatopro-tective activity "Hepaton" on the peripheral blood parameters of laboratory animals.
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Ponomarev V. S.
Published: November 2020

Today we can observe leak of hepatopro-tective agents, which increase the resistance of the liver to the damage by chemical agents and stabilize their metabolism in cases of tension detoxifying function, to-gether with a high need in them. The goal of this article was to find out the harmless-ness of the hepatoprotector “Hepaton” in laboratory conditions. For the experiment, were organized 8 groups, either for experiment and for con-trol, of rodents (rats), which include 10 animals each (both genders). Biochemical and hematological analyzes were ran out before the injection of the drug, 90 and 180 days after start of the experiment. Blood was obtained by puncture of the tail vein or (at the end of the study) after simultaneous guillotination. It should be mentioned that on the 90th and 180th day of the experiment, there was a mild, but statistically significant increase in the amount of hemoglobin, the absolute number of erythrocytes, a partial absolute and relative increase in count of white blood cells and platelets of peripheral blood. Blood clotting tests parameters for the whole observation period in experimental animals didn’t significantly differ from those at the start and in the control groups.
Influence of technological stress on the immunological reactivity of piglets
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg state University of Veterinary Medicine, Kryachko O.V. , Budnik A.O. ,   Saint-Petersburg state University of Veterinary Medicine
Published: November 2020

Hematological leukocyte indexes reflect the relationship between different classes of cells of the leukocyte formula and can provide information about intoxication and the state of the immune response in sick animals. Moreover, calculated leukocyte indexes can become an alternative to complex and expen-sive studies to determine the immunogram, cytokine content, and a number of other bio-chemical parameters. In this paper, we con-sidered the nature of changes in immunologi-cal indicators in piglets under technological stress as a result of weaning and regrouping, and we used calculated leukocyte indexes. To organize the research, we selected clini cally healthy Landrace piglets (n=5) in one of the pig breeding complexes in the Lenin-grad region. The studies were conducted one day before weaning of piglets from sows, age 25 days, and two weeks after weaning at the age of 41 days. Blood was collected us-ing a standard method and examined on a hematological analyzer to determine the morphological composition of white blood cells. The calculation of leukocyte indices was performed using formulas that charac-terize the ratio of the content of various forms of white blood cells, and in some cas-es, the rate of precipitation of red blood cells. The functional changes observed by the piglets 'immune system as a result of regrouping stress confirm the negative im-pact of the technological process on the ani-mals' immunity and provide a prerequisite for studying the ways and mechanisms of increasing their protective forces at this stage of the technological cycle. Analysis of integral leukocyte indexes showed an imbal-ance of specific (adaptive) and non-specific (innate) components of immunity in the dy-namics of changes in immunocompetent blood cells against the background of stress.
Anatomical and topographical features of the area of pelvic bones of dorper sheep
Authors:   FGBU “ Saint-Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine”, Mamedkuliev A. K. , Shchipakin M.V. ,   FGBU “ Saint-Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine”
Published: November 2020

Movement is a characteristic and in-herented property of the animal organism. Without the implementation of musculoskel-etal work, it becomes impossible for the animal to move in the environment, search for food, protect themselve and procreate. This work in the body is performed by the musculoskeletal system, which accounts for most of the body weight. The basis for the research at the Department of animal anato-my of Saint Petersburg state university of veterinary medicine was post-mortem mate-rial from animals slaughtered at the farm "Gzhelskoe Podvorye", Moscow region. Three age groups were formed. The first group included newborn animals. The sec-ond group included young animals of five to six months. The third group consisted of sheep from one year and older. During the study, a set of anatomical methods was used, including: fine anatomical dissection, macer-ation, computer tomography and macropho-tography. Based on our research, we first established anatomical and topographical features of the pelvic area of dorper sheep. These features have a common anatomical pattern, which is characteristic for ruminants. However, dorper sheep are characterized by typical topographical breed features of that area, determined by their genetic predisposi-tion. The main morphometric parameters of the pelvic bones of dorper sheep reach their maximum values by the age of one year and older, while the most intensive growth of the pelvic area is typical for the age period from five to seven months to a year.
Architectonics of the arterial system of the ruminant stomach of edilbaev sheep in age aspect
Authors:   FGBU “ Saint –Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine”, Melnikov S.I. , Shchipakin M.V. ,   FGBU “ Saint –Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine”
Published: November 2020

Sheep farming is one of the leading agricul-tural industries in the Russian Federation. A modern veterinarian needs to know the functional principles of all organs and sys-tems of the animal body to understand the etiology and build cause-and-effect relation-ships of the occurrence of certain non-infectious diseases. Most of these diseases occur in the digestive tract (stomach, intes-tines). The purpose of this study is to study in detail the age-related patterns of blood supply of the stomachs of edilbaev sheep. The basis for the research at the Department of animal anatomy of the Saint Petersburg state university of veterinary medicine was post mortem material from animals slaugh-tered at a farm in the Leningrad region. Three age groups were formed. The first group included newborn animals. The sec-ond group included young animals of five to six months. The third group consisted of sheep from one year and older. The age of the animals was determined according to the data obtained from monitor cards. Dur-ing the study, a set of anatomical methods was used, including: fine anatomical dissec-tion, vaso-rentgenography, and photo- graphing. Based on our research, we first established the architectonics of the arterial system of the stomachs of edilbaev sheep in the age aspect. These features have common anatomical patterns of the course and branching of blood vessels, typical to rumi-nants. However, the edilbaev sheep breed is characterized by breed features of skeletal and vascular syntopia , determined by their genetic predisposition. The main arterial line of the multicameral stomach of edilbaev sheep is the ventral artery, which in the course of its topography is divided into additional incoming vessels for all the pre-ventricules and the true stomach. The main morphometric parameters of vascular diameter reach their maximum values by the age of one year and older, while the most intensive increase in the caliber of arterial vessels of the multicameral stomach is typical for the age period from the newborn period to five to seven months.
Dynamics of indicators of non-specific pro-tection of holstein black-and-white breeds of cows depending on the month of pregnancy
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg state University of Veterinary Medicine, Karpenko L.Y. , Pogodaeva A.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg state University of Veterinary Medicine, Bakhta A.A. ,   Saint-Petersburg state University of Veterinary Medicine
Published: November 2020

The article discusses the results of the dy-namics of indicators of innate immunity of cattle throughout pregnancy. The research topic is relevant, since receiving healthy offspring is certainly associated with the natural resistance of the cow. The aim of the study is to study the non-specific immunity of cows in different months of pregnan-cy. The work was performed on the farm of JSC Krasnoselskoye PZ (Leningrad Oblast). During the experiment, 2 groups of cows of Holstein black-and-white breeds were formed: the experimental group – 10 preg-nant cows and the control group-10 not steel cows. Blood was taken once a month throughout pregnancy. Indicators of phago-cytosis, bactericidal and lysozyme activities were determined in the blood. During the study, the authors noted a decrease in lyso-zyme, bactericidal activity relative to the indicators of the control group, however, the difference did not reach significant differences. Also observed a sig-nificant inhibition of the functional state of the number of blood neutrophils: a decrease in phagocytic activity reliably observed from 5 months by 27.02%, from 7 month by 41.9% to 9 month, the index decreased by 50,66% as compared to control; at the phag-ocytic number of reliable decrease was ob-served at 4 months 11.3% at 6 months had decreased by 24.86%, and the 9 month preg-nancy reduction made up 28.81%, the phag-ocytic index, starting with the 5th month of pregnancy was significantly decreased by 32.05%, to 8 month decreased by 48.31% and for 9 months had decreased by 50% compared to control. Therefore, in the period of pregnancy in the organism of cows, the development of sec ondary immunodeficiency is noted, which is directly associated with fetal gestation. The data obtained can be useful in correction factors of natural resistance during pregnancy of cows.
Pathological changes with the enteropathy caused by difillobotriosis in dogs
Authors:   FSBEI  VO ", Kamenov K.S. ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University"
Published: November 2020

Pathomorphological research of dogs intes-tine allowed us to describe in more detail all encountered cases of pathological manifesta-tion and effect of broad tapeworm on differ-ent tissue structures and their frag-ments.Enteropathies are polymorphous and are introduced with different etiological fac-tors. Intestine helminthiases have heavy share of ethiofactors.Microscopic signs of intestinal lesion of dogs during diphylloboth-riasis were characterized with obvious changes in mucosa and submucosa and their damage pathological changes in a smooth muscle layer were rarely noted.Serous coat and all its structural fragments complied with the norm and didn't have pathological. Extensive zones of damage from mehanical injury were not noted,there were areas of gut wall changes with damage and intestinal villi destruction and epithelial membrane destruc-tion possibly caused by morphological and physiological structural features of the para-site. Characteristic pathological signs were symptomatic desquamation of tessellated epithelium.Extensive damage of serous coat tracedin all the microslides prepared for his-tologic study.All these changes can be a pos-sible reason of development of reduction of nutrient intake.Such kind of research as pathological process encourages more de-tailed identifying of clinical status during diphyllobothriasis and its not characteristic or specific manifestations and will be the additional criteria of high-impact therapeu-tics or its evidence.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE DRUG FUMIOD IN RESPECT TO ISOLATES OF CON-DITIONALLY PATHOGENIC MICRO-FLORA FROM ANIMALS WITH SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES.
Authors:   St. Petersburg state university of veterinary medicine, Kuzmin V.A. , Vogel L.S. ,   St. Petersburg state university of veterinary medicine, Sukhinin A.A. ,   St. Petersburg state university of veterinary medicine, Makavchik S.A. ,   St. Petersburg state university of veterinary medicine, Smirnova L.I. ,   St. Petersburg state university of veterinary medicine, Orekhov D.A. ,   St. Petersburg state university of veterinary medicine
Published: November 2020

The purpose of the work is to study the anti-microbial activity of fumigation aerosols of the Fumiyod preparation using bactericidal blocks against isolates of opportunistic mi-croflora from calves and piglets with signs of infectious respiratory diseases. The work was carried out on livestock and pig farms of Volosovsky district of the Leningrad region. Samples of biomaterial (nasal swabs and nasopharyngeal swabs) were taken from dis-eased animals to determine the sensitivity of the microflora to the studied iodine-containing Fumiyod preparation (experiment) and 1% glutaraldehyde solution (control). The biomaterial was plated on elective nutrient media (milk-yolk-salt agar, blood agar, Endo medium, yolk-salt agar). Cultures of microorganisms (Klebsiella pneumonia, Str.pneumoniae, St. aureus, Pro-teus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli), yeast were isolated from washouts from the nasal cavity and nasopharyngial washings from calves and piglets with symp-toms of bronchopneumonia, pneumonia, bronchitis, rhinitis albicans) and fungi (Mucor sp., Aspergillus fumigatus). Using paper discs, it was found that the Fumiyod preparation in the form of fumigation aero-sols, used in the form of bactericidal check-ers, has a high bactericidal activity in vitro (microbial growth inhibition zone of more than 15 mm) in relation to all microflora isolates from calves and pigs with signs of respiratory diseases, which manifested by a wide range of antimicrobial and antimycotic effects. The final concentration of the Fumiyod preparation was revealed for the active active substance - 0.20 g / m3, in which a wider spectrum of its antimicrobial (growth suppression zone within 26-32 mm) and antimycotic (growth suppression zone within 27-31 mm ) actions com-pared with 1% glutaraldehyde (control), respective-ly, in the range of 20-25 mm and 21-24 mm.
ASSOCIATIVE GASTROINTESTINAL INFECTION OF HORSES IN LENINGRAD REGION
Authors:   FGBU “St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine”, Gavrilova N. A. , Belova L. M. ,   FGBU “St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine”, Loginova O. A. ,   FGBU “St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine”, Sitnikova R. S. ,   FGBU “St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine”
Published: November 2020

The study of the spread of horse infections was carried out in horse farms of the Lo-monosov district of the Leningrad region. The animals in the “Kovcheg” breeding stud farm (SF) and the “Efa” equestrian club (EK) were examined visually and by means of coprology from June 2018 to September 2019. Helminthiasis caused by parasitization of Parascarisequorum, Strongyloideswesteri, representatives of the Trichonemagenus, as well as gastric gadflies of the species Gas-trophilus intestinalis, were diagnosed in horses both in the form of mono infections and in an associative form. Among the mono infections of horses at the “Kovcheg” SF, parascariosis (P. equorum) is dominating, which is present in 56.2% of the infected animals, and at the “Efa” EK - 50% is for strongyloidosis (S. westeri) and gastrophilo-sis (G. intestinalis) - 72.7%. It was discovered that mixed infections are formed by associations of nematodes and gastric gadfly in various combinations: P. equorum + Trichonema sp. + S. westeri + G. intestinalis; P. equorum + Trichonema sp. + G.intestinalis. The most common mixed in-fection was defined as the association of strongylides of the digestive organs (Trichonema sp.) and horse gastrophiluses (G. intestinalis), which corresponds to 35.4% in the “Kovcheg” SF and 45.5% in the “Efa” EK from the number of infected horses. The intensity of infection varied throughout the year. The maximum number of parascaris`s eggs per 1 g of feces was found in September (143.2 ± 2.9), the stron-gylides of the digestive organs and Strongy- loides in June were 154.3 ± 5.3 and 116.8 ± 2.37, respectively. Gastrophilus`s eggs laid on the coat of horses by a gadfly female were found only in the first decade of Sep-tember, which may be due to regional char-acteristics of the pathogen life cycle.
THE ROLE OF TOXICOSIS IN THE ADAPTION OF ECOSYSTEMS FOR ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT (AT THE EXAM-PLE OF TOXICOSIS OF WATER ANI-MALS)
Authors:   “Institute of internal water biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Makrushin A.V. , Vasiliev A. S. ,   “Institute of internal water biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences”, Arshanitsa N. M. ,   “Gosniorh”, Lyashenko O. A. ,   “Gosniorh”, Stekolnikov A. A. ,   St. Petersburg branch of FGBU "VNIRO"
Published: November 2020

In the past geological eras in the bio-sphere, species extinction was accompanied by speciation. Ecosystems adapted to a greater or lesser extent to coexist with a species whose activity had become a plane-tary factor and had a global impact on bio-spheric processes. One of it is the massive pollution of the main components of the biosphere - geobiosphere, hydrobooster and air. Its consequence is the development in living organisms of various pathological processes associated with the impact of tox-icants-toxicoses. The work was carried out in various re-gions of the USSR and Russia on reservoirs of various types and different objects of aquaculture. Various species and age groups of fish were studied. They were caught with trawls, nets, lifts, and sport fishing gear. Fish larvae were caught with a plankton net. A pathoanatomic method was used to assess the condition of fish. In some cases, histo-logical methods were used. Clams of the family Unionidae were surveyed in 1990-2011. They were collected by dredging in the reservoirs of the Volga, in the lake Ilmen, in the red sea of the Ka-relian isthmus of the Leningrad region and in the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic sea. The liver of 399 individuals was examined us-ing histological methods. Also Perlovitz. Unio pictorum, 474 copies of U. tumidus and 298 copies. the mussels Anodonta sp. Branched crustaceans were examined in 1989-2016. They were collected in a plank-ton grid in the reservoirs of the Volga, in the Nyvchimsky reservoir (the basin of the Volga river). Vychegda Komi Republic, in the Finnish and Kursk bays of the Baltic sea, in lake Ladoga, in the lake of Sevan (Armenia) and in lakes of the Karelian isth-mus of Leningrad region, in the mountain lakes of West Sayan (Krasnoyarsk region), the lakes in Darwin reserve (Vologda re-gion) and in the pools of Garbacki lakes Bolshezemelskaya tundra (Vorkuta district, Komi Republic). Fixation in 4% formalin by Rachkov method was examined in Bo-gorov's cell under the MBS-9 microscope.
MONIZEN FORTE FOR LAMBS PARASIT-IC DISEASES
Authors:   All Russian Rescarch Institute of Veterinary Sanitarion, Gygiene and Ecology – branch of the FSBSI FRC VIEV of RAS, Engasheva E. S. , Kolesnikov V. I. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Sheep and Goat Breeding — branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «North Caucasian Agrarian Center»
Published: November 2020

The Monizen Forte test for parasitic sheep diseases was tested under production condi-tions on 460 lambs of the North Caucasian breed, with a live weight of 25-30 kg, with high infection with nematodes, cestodes and larvae of the nasopharyngeal gadfly (Oestrus ovis), which were given orally in a mixture with half the normal rate of concentrated feed, the test drug in a dose of 1 ml per 20 kg of the animal weight. Experienced (20 ani-mals) and control (10 animals) groups of lambs with an average live weight of 28 kg were selected from these lambs according to the principle of analogues. To the lambs of the control group, the drug was not given. 10 days after administration of the drug by clini-cal and coprological studies, it was found that the lambs of the experimental group, the intensity of nematode invasion decreased and the drug’s intensity (IE) was 96.7%, and the extensivity (EE) was 95%. The lambs of the experimental group before the introduction of the drug were 40% invaded with moniesia and 50% dictiocauli, and after using Monizen Forte they were released - the ex-tensibility (EE) was 100%. Lambs of the control (untreated) group, the intensity and extent of infection with nematodes and ces-todes remained at the same level as at the beginning of the experiment. All 10 lambs (50%) of the experimental group, the clinical signs of estrosis (sneezing, snorting, serous-mucous discharge from the nose) disap- peared, and the lambs of the control group have these clinical signs persisted.
REPRODUCTION OF FISH AND IN-VERTEBRATES UNDER THE INFLU-ENCE OF POLLUTANTS
Authors:   Institute of Limnology RAS, the branch of St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kurashov E.A. ,   St. Petersburg Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography" (GosNIORKh named after L.S. Berg), Arshanitsa N.M. ,   St. Petersburg Branch of the Federal State Budget Scientific Institution "All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography" (GosNIORKh named after L.S. Berg), Stekolnikov А.А. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, Barbashova М.А. ,   Institute of Limnology RAS, the branch of St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grebtsov М.Р. ,   Saint Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine
Published: November 2020

The pollution of surface waters has be-come rampant, which has led to the degrada-tion of many fishery reservoirs. The variety of toxicants entering water bodies in various ways is extremely large and is constantly being replenished with new substances. Their impact on aquatic organisms is associ-ated with the development of pathological processes, degradation of populations up to their death. This is especially evident in the main object of the use and protection of fish-ery reservoirs - fish. First of all, the most valuable species of whitefishes and salmon-ids suffered in the North-West region. The paper considers one of the main problems of fisheries in the North-Western region of Russia – the decrease in fish stocks and catches in natural reservoirs, and reveals the main reason for this ongoing process - the violation of natural and factory reproduction of fish and invertebrates due to the influence of a toxicological factor. This primarily affected the most valuable fish species - salmonids, white-fishes, pike perch. It has been shown that in recent years in Lake Ladoga (especially in its southern shallow zone, the main breeding and feeding zone of many fish species) and other reservoirs of the region, the negative situation of violation of repro-duction of fish and invertebrates (fish food supply) has significantly worsened, which has had a very negative impact, including the decline in the catch of especially valuable fish resources. Measures to prevent negative events are in-dicated. The need to take urgent measures to reduce the flow of pollutants into Europe's largest Lake Ladoga and other important fisheries reservoirs in the North-West region is emphasized.
DYNAMICS OF THE LEVEL OF CIR-CULATING IMMUNE COMPLEXES IN BLOOD SERUM IN RABBITS UNDER MODEL STRESSES
Authors:   St. Petersburg state university of veterinary medicine, Kryachko O. V. , Lukoyanova L.A. ,   St. Petersburg state university of veterinary medicine
Published: November 2020

A small amount of circulating immune complexes is determined in a healthy body, and it naturally increases when there is an antigen in the circulation. Stressful situations can inhibit the implementation of immune protection, both adaptive and innate immune responses. The purpose of this study was to study the dynamics of the level of circulating immune complexes in blood serum after modeling single and combined stress effects in rabbits. 10 male rabbits were used for the experiment. The animals were 8 months old and had a live weight of 3.40±0.73 kg. Transport stress was caused by transporting animals in a car. Immobilization stress was modeled by fixing rabbits in a fixation de-vice for small animals by their legs in the dorsal position. In the final series of experi-ments, a combination of actions was per-formed (immobilization, then, after three days, transportation). As a result of studies it was found that the reaction of animals to stress was characterized by decreased level of the CIC, during transportation (by 1.2 times (p<0.05) and immobilization (1.6 times, p<0.05), the combination of stress factors showed a similar effect. In the post-stress period, we observed in all cases an increase in the CIC level in the blood of rab-bits, which exceeded the CIC values both at the time of the stress reaction and the level of intact animals.
Protein metabolism in the organism of growing borrows at the addition of 20-hydroxyexdisone to the diet
Authors:   L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry - All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Nutrition, Obvintseva O.V. , Erimbetov K.T. ,   L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry - All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Nutrition, Solovyova A.G. ,   L.K. Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry - All-Russian Research Institute of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Nutrition, Mikhailov V.V. ,   State University named after G.R. Derzhavina
Published: November 2020

One of the approaches to the creation of biologically active additives in pig nutrition can be the use of phytopreparations, in par-ticular, 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-GE), which regulates protein metabolism in piglets. The aim of this work is to assess the effect of 20-GE on the metabolism of proteins in the body and to measure their turnover in grow-ing boars. The experiment was carried out on boars (♂ Danish Yorkshire × ♀ Danish Landrace) from 60 to 120 days of age. At the age of 60 days, boars were divided into 2 groups: control and experimental, fed with feed with a content (g / kg) of crude protein 158.7, lysine 7.7, threonine 4.8, methionine 4.6, exchange energy (EE) 12.7 MJ / kg. The ratio of the first limiting amino acid lysine to EE was 61%. The boars of the experimental group were injected with 20-GE at a dose of 1.6 mg / kg of body weight. In boars of the experimental group, compared with the con-trol, there was a decrease in urinary nitrogen excretion (by 26.8%, P≤0.05). Nitrogen re-tention was higher in boars of the experi-mental group by 19.0% (P≤0.001) compared to the control. The results of studies on pro-tein turnover obtained using a stable isotope indicate that the anabolic effect of 20-GE isdetermined by an increase in the rate of pro-tein synthesis at the same rates of their deg-radation, nitrogen flow against the back-ground of a decrease in its endogenous loss-es. 20-GE by activating a signal through protein kinase B provides an increase in bio-synthetic processes at the stage of transla-tion. It was concluded that the use of 20-GE in boars cultivation increases the efficiency of using amino acids for the synthesis and deposition of proteins in the body.
SEASONAL AGE DYNAMICS OF EIMERIOSIS AND CRYPTOSPORIDI-OSIS OF CATTLE
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, Klimova E.S. , Mkrtchyan M.E. ,   St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine, Maksimova E.V. ,   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy, Reshetnikova A.D. ,   Izhevsk State Agricultural Academy
Published: November 2020

Currently, the topic of determination of the seasonal and age-related dynamics of eimeria and cryptosporidia, especially with their associative course in cattle on farms of the Udmurt Republic, remains relevant. The research material were represented by fecal samples (1629 samples) from animals of various age groups of the central zone of Udmurtia, spontaneously infected with eime-ria and cryptosporidia. Coprological studies were performed monthly by generally accepted flotation methods, and fingerprint smears were made, followed by Ziehl-Nielsen staining. Our studies on the seasonal dynamics of protozoa showed that peaks of infection in animals in the central zone of the Udmurt Republic were noted in the autumn-winter periode. The age dynamics in the regions differed significantly depending on the type of pathogen and the age of the animals. Thus, Zavyalovsky is a stationary dysfunctional area for eimeriosis and cryptosporidiosis, where the per-centage of eimeriosis infection is 96.3%. At the same time, the maximum number of ocists were observed in young animals in age of 8-12 months. Cryptosporidiosis infestation was recorded from 3 days of age to 2 months, and the percentage of infection in this age group reached 89,66%.The results of our studies revealed a fairly widespread association of these protozooses. So, it was found that in Zavyalovsky district, the maximum intensi-ty of mixtinvasion is recorded in animals aged 1-2 months and reaches up to 69,17%. In the Uvinsky district, the greatest degree of infection with the association of eimeria and cryptosporidia is record-ed almost 2 times less often (in 37,31% of cas-es).The results of seasonal dynamics must be taken into account for drawing up treatment and preventive measures for various age groups of animals in the central zone of the Udmurt Republic.
Helmintoses and protozooses ofwild ani-mals ( deers) in the subzone grabovo-oak-dark forests of belarus
Authors:   FSEI “Scriabin Moscow state veterinary medicine academy”, Vasilevich F. I. , Kaplich V. M. ,   “Belarussian state techno-logical university”, Yakubovsky M. V. ,   "Institute of experimental veterinary medicine named after S.N.Vyshelessky", Belarus, Bakhur O. V. ,   “Belarusian state technological university”
Published: November 2020

Losses, associated with the massive spread of parasitic diseases, influence greatly the possible progressive growth in the num-ber of hunting species of wild an-imals. The article provides an assessment of the epizo-otic situation of parasitoses of wild cloven-hoofed animals ( species Deers ) of the horn-beam-oak-dark forests sub-zone of Belarus. The comparative efficacy of anthelmintics of a wide spectrum of ac-tion, possessing im-munomodulatory activity, is given. Ecological and parasitological studies of wild cloven-hoofed animals were car-ried out (2015-2018) in hunting farms of 9 terri-torial districts of the central forest-growing subzone, where the highest density of ani-mals was recorded by the route method, as well as at stations - GLHU "Berezinsky for-estry", GLHU "Ivatsevichy forestry ", Roga-chevskaya, Uzdenskaya and Minskaya ROS RGOO" BOOR " In total, samples of organs and tissues from 55 shot animals were studied, us-ing methods of excrement samples, generally accepted in parasitology. During the statisti-cal processing of the collected material in order to assess the infestation of an-imals by parasites, the following indicators were used: the extent of invasion (EI) and the intensity of invasion (II). Experiments have shown that the class of nematodes is the most species-rich in the helminthoses of wild artiodactyl animals. Widespread helminthiases in elk and red deer are - mecystocirrhosis and strongyloi-dosis, and in European roe deer - tri-chostrongyloidosis. The focus of helminthic infestation in elk should be considered pine young stands, complex spruce forests, renewable felling, for red deer - a complex pine for-est, a com-plex spruce forest, and for European roe - broad-leaved plantations, black alder forests and agricultural fields. For deworming of wild animals high antiparasitic efficiency was shown by new complex remedies - "Polyparatsid" and "Tetrahelminthicide", which have an im-munostimulating effect.
TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF THE DRUG BASED ON SILVER NANOPAR-TICLES AND PROTEOLYTIC EN-ZYME
Authors:   Institute of agrobiotechnology them. A. V. Zhuravsky, Komi scientific center, Ural branch of RAS, Nikolaev S. V. , Konopeltsev I. G. ,   "Vyatka state agricultural Academy", Glukhova M. V. ,   "Vyatka state agricultural Academy", Sapozhnikov F. A. ,   "Vyatka state agricultural Academy", Norkin A. G. ,   "Vyatka state agricultural Academy"
Published: November 2020

One of the most relevant areas of veteri-nary science is the search for new, environ-mentally safe, antimicrobial drugs. From this position, special attention should be paid to products based on ionized silver. As part of preclinical studies, the toxic properties of a new complex drug containing nanoserebro and a proteolytic enzyme as active substanc-es were determined. The toxicity study was performed on healthy sexually Mature out-bred white male mice with a live weight of 20-24 grams. The effect of a single dose was determined by intragastric (n=7) and intra-peritoneal administration (n=7), chronic tox-icity was determined by introperitoneal ad-ministration of the drug for 14 days (n=12). A control group of mice was given saline. The toxic effects of the drug were assessed by changes in behavioral response, appetite, body weight, and the number of fatalities. At the end of the experiment, the surviving mice were euthanized, the hematological properties of the blood and the state of inter-nal organs were evaluated. In the course of studies, it was not possible to establish a lethal dose of the drug, since the maximum allowable volume for intragastric and intra-peritoneal administration (1.0 ml) did not cause it. The tolerated dose of this drug with single and multiple administration was more than 40,000 mg/kg of body weight, which in accordance with GOST 12.1.007-76 allows it to be classified as class 4 toxicity (more than 5,000 mg/kg when administered in the stomach). The use of the drug for two weeks caused minor reversible morphological changes in the blood in mice: hyperchromia (an increase in hemoglobin by 2.3 PG / ml; P<0.05) and more pronounced anisocytosis of red blood cells (by 2.7%; P<0.001), with-out any macroscopic changes in internal or-gans. Thus, the results obtained reflect the weak toxic effect of the drug, which allows us to go directly to its clinical trials.
Development of the active clatrate of 3- (2-phenylethyl) -2-thioxo-1,3 thiazolidin-4-one with β-cyclodextrin and study of its bioavailability.
Authors:   Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry - All-Russian Re-search Institute of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Nutrition, Zemlyanoy R.A. , Erimbetov K.T. ,   Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry - All-Russian Re-search Institute of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Nutritio,   OOO Research Center "Park of Active Molecules", Fedorova A.V. ,   Ernst Federal Science Center for Animal Husbandry - All-Russian Re-search Institute of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry, and Nutrition, Goncharova A.Ya. ,   OOO Research Center "Park of Active Molecules", Bondarenko E.V. ,   OOO Research Center "Park of Active Molecules"
Published: November 2020

At present, the class of rhodanine com-pounds containing 4-oxo-2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidine residues is very promising in the development of medical and veterinary drugs. The purpose of the work is to develop a chemical compound 3- (2-phenylethyl) -2-thioxo-1,3 thiazolidin-4-one (XC-3-2-FE-2-TO-1,3T-4-OH) based on clathrate with β- cyclodextrin (CD) - a supramolecular com-pound (CMC) with improved biopharmaceu-tical properties (solubility and bioavailabil-ity). The lattice clathrates KhS-3-2-FE-2-TO-1,3T-4-OHa with CD were synthesized at the ratios of their masses 1: 5 and 1:10. CMC is a crystalline powder of white with a yellow tint with a particle size of less than 100 nm. For the first time, a method was developed for the quantitative determination of CHS-3-2-FE-2-TO-1,3T-4-OHa in the blood plasma of dogs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In the range of 0.2-4.0 μg / ml, the calibration curve is linear for ChS-3-2-FE-2-TO-1,3T-4-OH, while the regression equation is described by y = 3.977 + 30.343 × X, s the coefficient of accuracy of the approximation equal to R2 = 0.999. The lower limit of quantitative detec-tion is 10 ng / ml. The average maximum concentrations (Cmax) of ChC-3-2-FE-2-TO-1,3T-4-OHa in the blood plasma of dogs with it, as well as in the form of a clathrate single oral administration, respectively, were 0.66 ± 0, 25 and 3.03 ± 0.82 μg / ml (P≤0.05). The average values of the parame-ter AUC (0 → t) with the introduction of ChS-3-2-FE-2-TO-1,3T-4-On and its clath-rate with CD, respectively, were 4.07 ± 2.15 μg × h / ml and 24.58 ± 5.66 μg × h / ml (P≤0.05). According to a pharmacokinetic study, the best bioavailability (DB) is pos-sessed by the C-3-2-FE-2-TO-1,3T-4-OHa clathrate with CD in a ratio of 1: 5, the ob-tained DB value is 6.4 times higher than the same the value of the original compound. It was concluded that, in terms of biopharma-ceutical properties, the most promising agent for medical and veterinary use is the XC-3-2-FE-2-TO-1,3T-4-OHa clathrate with CD with a mass ratio of 1: 5 and an average par-ticle size of 40.5 nm