bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emotional and Behavioural Factors Predisposing to Internet Addiction: The Smartphone Distraction among Italian High School Students
Authors: Benedetto Loredana , Rollo Simone , Cafeo Anna , Di Rosa Gabriella , Pino Rossella , Gagliano Antonella , Germanò Eva , Ingrassia Massimo
Published: March 2024

In a digitally oriented society, smartphones provide continual online accessibility to daily life while simultaneously predisposing adolescents to engage in prolonged connections for various purposes, thus escalating the risk of Internet addiction (IA). Cognitive processes such as multitasking and attentional shifting are frequently associated with smartphone activities. Additionally, online engagements may serve as emotional strategies for regulating negative states (e.g., boredom and distress), redirecting attention towards more gratifying activities, such as social media contents. This study delves into cognitive–emotional processes (i.e., emotion regulation, attention impulsiveness, online vigilance, and multitasking) and emotional/behavioural factors (i.e., emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity/inattention, peer relationships, and prosocial behaviours) that may be implicated in smartphone activities and technology addiction among adolescents. A community sample of Italian high school students (N = 676; 42.2% females) completed the Smartphone Distraction Scale (SDS), the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for internalising/externalising symptoms and the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) to assess the presence and severity of IA. The scores on the SDS were found to be positively associated with IA levels. Furthermore, students exhibiting higher internalising/externalising symptoms, particularly those with traits of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), are more likely to manifest problematic smartphone usage. The implications for screening adolescents more susceptible to developing IA symptoms and for implementing preventive interventions are discussed.
A Semantic-Spatial Aware Data Conflation Approach for Place Knowledge Graphs
Authors: He Lianlian , Li Hao , Zhang Rui
Published: March 2024

Recent advances in knowledge graphs show great promise to link various data together to provide a semantic network. Place is an important part in the big picture of the knowledge graph since it serves as a powerful glue to link any data to its georeference. A key technical challenge in constructing knowledge graphs with location nodes as geographical references is the matching of place entities. Traditional methods typically rely on rule-based matching or machine-learning techniques to determine if two place names refer to the same location. However, these approaches are often limited in the feature selection of places for matching criteria, resulting in imbalanced consideration of spatial and semantic features. Deep feature-based methods such as deep learning methods show great promise for improved place data conflation. This paper introduces a Semantic-Spatial Aware Representation Learning Model (SSARLM) for Place Matching. SSARLM liberates the tedious manual feature extraction step inherent in traditional methods, enabling an end-to-end place entity matching pipeline. Furthermore, we introduce an embedding fusion module designed for the unified encoding of semantic and spatial information. In the experiment, we evaluate the approach to named places from Guangzhou and Shanghai cities in GeoNames, OpenStreetMap (OSM), and Baidu Map. The SSARLM is compared with several classical and commonly used binary classification machine learning models, and the state-of-the-art large language model, GPT-4. The results demonstrate the benefit of pre-trained models in data conflation of named places.
State-of-the-Art Molecular Biophysics in Russia
Authors: Galzitskaya Oxana V.
Published: March 2024

Thirty years ago, scientists’ attention was focused on studying individual molecules, as well as their structure and function [...]
Impact of TRP Channels on Extracellular Matrix Remodeling: Focus on TRPV4 and Collagen
Authors: Wang Qin , Ji Chenfan , Smith Patricio , McCulloch Christopher A.
Published: March 2024

Disturbed remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is frequently observed in several high-prevalence pathologies that include fibrotic diseases of organs such as the heart, lung, periodontium, liver, and the stiffening of the ECM surrounding invasive cancers. In many of these lesions, matrix remodeling mediated by fibroblasts is dysregulated, in part by alterations to the regulatory and effector systems that synthesize and degrade collagen, and by alterations to the functions of the integrin-based adhesions that normally mediate mechanical remodeling of collagen fibrils. Cell-matrix adhesions containing collagen-binding integrins are enriched with regulatory and effector systems that initiate localized remodeling of pericellular collagen fibrils to maintain ECM homeostasis. A large cadre of regulatory molecules is enriched in cell-matrix adhesions that affect ECM remodeling through synthesis, degradation, and contraction of collagen fibrils. One of these regulatory molecules is Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-type 4 (TRPV4), a mechanically sensitive, Ca2+-permeable plasma membrane channel that regulates collagen remodeling. The gating of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane by TRPV4 and the consequent generation of intracellular Ca2+ signals affect several processes that determine the structural and mechanical properties of collagen-rich ECM. These processes include the synthesis of new collagen fibrils, tractional remodeling by contractile forces, and collagenolysis. While the specific mechanisms by which TRPV4 contributes to matrix remodeling are not well-defined, it is known that TRPV4 is activated by mechanical forces transmitted through collagen adhesion receptors. Here, we consider how TRPV4 expression and function contribute to physiological and pathological collagen remodeling and are associated with collagen adhesions. Over the long-term, an improved understanding of how TRPV4 regulates collagen remodeling could pave the way for new approaches to manage fibrotic lesions.
Special Issue “Dietary Bioactive Components in Inflammatory Bowel Disease”
Authors: Gasparrini Massimiliano , Mazzoni Luca
Published: March 2024

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) comprise chronic debilitating inflammatory disorders that can affect different parts of the gastrointestinal tract and are commonly correlated to two main diseases: Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) [...]
3-Methyl-4-nitrophenol Exposure Deteriorates Oocyte Maturation by Inducing Spindle Instability and Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Authors: Chen Fan , Luo An-Feng , Li Ming-Guo , Zheng Li-Xiang , Gu Hao , Zhou Chang-Fan , Zeng Wei , Molenaar Adrian , Ren Hong-Yan , Bi Yan-Zhen
Published: March 2024

3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (PNMC), a well-known constituent of diesel exhaust particles and degradation products of insecticide fenitrothion, is a widely distributed environmental contaminant. PNMC is toxic to the female reproductive system; however, how it affects meiosis progression in oocytes is unknown. In this study, in vitro maturation of mouse oocytes was applied to investigate the deleterious effects of PNMC. We found that exposure to PNMC significantly compromised oocyte maturation. PNMC disturbed the spindle stability; specifically, it decreased the spindle density and increased the spindle length. The weakened spindle pole location of microtubule-severing enzyme Fignl1 may result in a defective spindle apparatus in PNMC-exposed oocytes. PNMC exposure induced significant mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondria distribution, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, and ROS accumulation. The mRNA levels of the mitochondria-related genes were also significantly impaired. Finally, the above-mentioned alterations triggered early apoptosis in the oocytes. In conclusion, PNMC exposure affected oocyte maturation and quality through the regulation of spindle stability and mitochondrial function.
Dysfunction in IGF2R Pathway and Associated Perturbations in Autophagy and WNT Processes in Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome Cell Lines
Authors: Pileggi Silvana , Colombo Elisa A. , Ancona Silvia , Quadri Roberto , Bernardelli Clara , Colapietro Patrizia , Taiana Michela , Fontana Laura , Miozzo Monica , Lesma Elena , Sirchia Silvia M.
Published: March 2024

Beckwith–Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) is an imprinting disorder characterized by overgrowth, stemming from various genetic and epigenetic changes. This study delves into the role of IGF2 upregulation in BWS, focusing on insulin-like growth factor pathways, which are poorly known in this syndrome. We examined the IGF2R, the primary receptor of IGF2, WNT, and autophagy/lysosomal pathways in BWS patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell lines, showing different genetic and epigenetic defects. The findings reveal a decreased expression and mislocalization of IGF2R protein, suggesting receptor dysfunction. Additionally, our results point to a dysregulation in the AKT/GSK-3/mTOR pathway, along with imbalances in autophagy and the WNT pathway. In conclusion, BWS cells, regardless of the genetic/epigenetic profiles, are characterized by alteration of the IGF2R pathway that is associated with the perturbation of the autophagy and lysosome processes. These alterations seem to be a key point of the molecular pathogenesis of BWS and potentially contribute to BWS’s characteristic overgrowth and cancer susceptibility. Our study also uncovers alterations in the WNT pathway across all BWS cell lines, consistent with its role in growth regulation and cancer development.
Comparison of Transcriptome Differences between Two Rice Cultivars Differing in Cadmium Translocation from Spike-Neck to Grain
Authors: Zhao Shouping , Zhang Qi , Xiao Wendan , Chen De , Hu Jing , Gao Na , Huang Miaojie , Ye Xuezhu
Published: March 2024

At present, the mechanism of varietal differences in cadmium (Cd) accumulation in rice is not well understood. Two rice cultivars, ZZY (high translocation-high grain Cd) and SJ18 (low translocation-low grain Cd), were used to analyze transcriptome differences in the spike-neck tissue in field trials. The results showed that, compared with ZZY, 22,367 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in SJ18, including 2941 upregulated and 19,426 downregulated genes. GO analysis enriched 59 downregulated terms, concerning 24 terms enriched for more than 1000 DEGs, including cellular and metabolic processes, biological regulation, localization, catalytic activity, transporter activity, signaling, etc. KEGG enrichment identified 21 significant downregulated pathways, regarding the ribosome, metabolic pathways, biosynthesis of secondary metabolism, signaling transduction, cell membrane and cytoskeleton synthesis, genetic information transfer, amino acid synthesis, etc. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) revealed that these DEGs could be clustered into five modules. Among them, the yellow module was significantly related to SJ18 with hub genes related to OsHMA and OsActin, whereas the brown module was significantly related to ZZY with hub genes related to mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), CBS, and glutaredoxin. This suggests that different mechanisms are involved in the process of spike-neck–grain Cd translocation among varieties. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms underlying differences in Cd transport among rice varieties.
Insights into the Mechanism of Action of the Degraded Limonoid Prieurianin
Authors: Vergoten Gérard , Bailly Christian
Published: March 2024

Limonoids are extremely diversified in plants, with many categories of products bearing an intact, rearranged or fragmented oxygenated scaffold. A specific subgroup of fragmented or degraded limonoids derives from the tetranortriterpenoid prieurianin, initially isolated from the tree Trichilia prieuriana but also found in other plants of the Meliaceae family, including the more abundant species Aphanamixis polystachya. Prieurianin-type limonoids include about seventy compounds, among which are dregeanin and rohitukin. Prieurianin and analogs exhibit insecticidal, antimicrobial, antiadipogenic and/or antiparasitic properties but their mechanism of action remains ill-defined at present. Previous studies have shown that prieurianin, initially known as endosidin 1, stabilizes the actin cytoskeleton in plant and mammalian cells via the modulation of the architecture and dynamic of the actin network, most likely via interference with actin-binding proteins. A new mechanistic hypothesis is advanced here based on the recent discovery of the targeting of the chaperone protein Hsp47 by the fragmented limonoid fraxinellone. Molecular modeling suggested that prieurianin and, to a lesser extent dregeanin, can form very stable complexes with Hsp47 at the protein–collagen interface. Hsp-binding may account for the insecticidal action of the product. The present review draws up a new mechanistic portrait of prieurianin and provides an overview of the pharmacological properties of this atypical limonoid and its chemical family.
Genome Doubling of Northern Spicebush, Lindera benzoin L.
Authors: Arram Ramsey F. , Morgan Thomas B. , Nix John T. , Kao Yu-Lin , Chen Hsuan
Published: March 2024

Lindera benzoin is a dioecious understory shrub native to eastern North America. Northern spicebush is a beautiful shrub with a natural round shrub shape, golden-yellow fall foliage, attractive bright red drupes, and precocious yellow flowers in early spring; however, its market value as an ornamental value has been overlooked. To improve the ornamental values of this under-cultivated nursery crop, breeding for a better compact form, larger leaves, enlarged flower clusters and fruit, and increased stress tolerances could all be beneficial. Polyploidy manipulation is a valuable method to improve such traits for many ornamental plants. This study established the genome doubling method by oryzalin-infused solid agar treatment on young northern spicebush seedlings. The seedlings of two wild populations in North Carolina were collected and used. A total of 288 seedlings were treated with solid agar containing 150 µM oryzalin for 24, 72, and 120 h. The results were sporadic in their survival ratios and tetraploid conversion ratios between different treatments; however, a total of 16 tetraploid L. benzoin plants were produced in this study. The 24-h treatment showed the optimal result, with 7.1% of total treated seedlings or 15.2% of surviving seedlings converted into tetraploids. Tetraploid plants had visible differences in leaf morphology, a statistically significant enlarged stomata size, and reduced stomatal density compared to diploid plants. This research provides ploidy manipulation information for all future breeding processes of L. benzoin and related species.
Percutaneous Gastrostomies: Associated Complications in PUSH vs. PULL Techniques over 12 Years in a Referral Centre
Authors: Piñar-Gutiérrez Ana , González-Gracia Lucía , Vázquez Gutiérrez Rocío , García-Rey Silvia , Jiménez-Sánchez Andrés , González-Navarro Irene , Tatay-Domínguez Dolores , Garrancho-Domínguez Pilar , Remón-Ruiz Pablo J. , Martínez-Ortega Antonio J. , Serrano-Aguayo Pilar , Giménez-Andreu María Dolores , García-Fernández Francisco José , Bozada-García Juan Manuel , Nacarino-Mejías Verónica , López-Iglesias Álvaro , Pereira-Cunill José Luis , García-Luna Pedro Pablo
Published: March 2024

Objectives: To compare complications associated with percutaneous gastrostomies performed using PUSH and PULL techniques, whether endoscopic (PEG) or radiological (PRG), in a tertiary-level hospital. Methods: This was a prospective observational study. Adult patients who underwent percutaneous PULL or PUSH gastrostomy using PEG or PRG techniques at the Virgen del Rocio University Hospital and subsequently followed up in the Nutrition Unit between 2009–2020 were included. X2 tests or Fisher’s test were used for the comparison of proportions when necessary. Univariate analysis was conducted to study risk factors for PRG-associated complications. Results: n = 423 (PULL = 181; PUSH = 242). The PULL technique was associated with a higher percentage of total complications (37.6% vs. 23.8%; p = 0.005), exudate (18.2% vs. 11.2%; p = 0.039), and irritation (3.3% vs. 0%; p = 0.006). In the total sample, there were 5 (1.1%) cases of peritonitis, 3 (0.7%) gastrocolic fistulas, and 1 (0.2%) death due to complications associated with gastrostomy. Gender, age, and different indications were not risk factors for a higher number of complications. The most common indications were neurological diseases (35.9%), head and neck cancer (29%), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (17.2%). Conclusions: The PULL technique was associated with more total complications than the PUSH technique, but both were shown to be safe techniques, as the majority of complications were minor.
Impact of Pre-Gestational BMI and Gestational Weight Gain on Fetal Development Outcomes in Adolescent Pregnant Women
Authors: Grobeisen-Duque Orly , Villavicencio-Carrisoza Oscar , Mora-Vargas Carlos Daniel , Arteaga-Lopez Carolina Penelope , Martinez-Salazar Maria Guadalupe , Rosas-Balan Alejandro , León-Juárez Moises , Villegas-Mota Maria Isabel , Zaga-Clavellina Veronica , Aguilera-Arreola Ma. Guadalupe , Helguera-Repetto Addy Cecilia
Published: March 2024

Background. Gestational weight gain (GWG) constitutes an essential aspect of the gestational process. Due to factors such as pregestational body mass index (BMI), nutritional intake, level of physical activity, and psychological aspects, the recommended GWG may not be achieved, leading to adverse neonatal outcomes. Adolescents, due to their physiological and mental developmental stage, are at a higher risk of inappropriate GWG. Our aim is to highlight the importance of GWG in our population and to determine the correlation with perinatal outcomes. Methods. Pregnant adolescents who attended a tertiary care institution for prenatal care were included; maternal data such as preBMI and GWG were used to determine maternal and neonatal outcomes using the chi-square test and OR determination. Results. A total of 202 adolescent pregnant patients were included, comprising those with inadequate GWG (n = 70), adequate GWG (n = 85), and excessive GWG (n = 47). A statistically significant association was found between low BMI and inadequate GWG. Patients with inadequate GWG demonstrated a correlation with IUGR and low birth weight, while patients with excessive GWG gave birth to macrosomic neonates. Conclusion. We concluded that previous habits play a significant role in determining weight gain throughout pregnancy. GWG has a direct impact on neonatal growth and development.
Surface-Modified Wheat Straw for the Production of Cement-Free Geopolymer Composite: Effects of Wheat Variety and Pre-Treatment Method
Authors: Kalpokaitė-Dičkuvienė Regina , Pitak Inna , Sholokhova Anastasiia , Kriūkienė Rita , Baltušnikas Arūnas
Published: March 2024

The development of new composite materials with specific properties and reduced environmental pollution can be achieved by the incorporation of agricultural residues, whose morphology is strongly affected by their variety and growing conditions. Herein, the functional properties of a cement-free geopolymer composite reinforced with straw from two wheat varieties (Ada and Malibu) were investigated through different straw pre-treatment methods and their surface modification with silane coupling agents. The characterization of the wheat surface and the geopolymer composites involved SEM-EDS, TGA, FTIR, and gas physisorption analysis methods supplemented with mechanical strength and moisture ingress measurements. Mild (23 °C) and severe (100 °C) physical pre-treatment methods with chemical soaking in 7.3 M isopropanol solution were applied on wheat straw. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with octadecylamine was employed for chemical surface modification. The set of geopolymer compositions was prepared with untreated, pre-treated, and modified straws. The results revealed the hot pre-treatment method caused a higher degradation of siliceous layers of straw, especially in the Ada variety. The modification with TEOS resulted in irregular silane coating formation regardless of the wheat variety and pre-treatment method. Despite good interfacial bonding of the modified straw with the geopolymer matrix, the mechanical strength of the composites was reduced, although the resistance to water ingress slightly increased. Comparing both varieties, Ada wheat showed better performance than Malibu.
Biological and Fishery Parameters of Jumbo Squid (Dosidicus gigas) in the Colombian Pacific, a Resource without Directed Fishing Exploitation
Authors: Córdoba-Rojas Diego Fernando , Gallego Juan José , Londoño Natalia , Giraldo Alan
Published: March 2024

The distribution range of the jumbo squid (Dosidicus gigas) has increased over the past few decades; it is now found in the entire Eastern Pacific Ocean and is considered an important species in the small and large fisheries of Chile, Perú, Ecuador, Costa Rica and Mexico but not in the Pacific region of Colombia. Three night-fishing campaigns were conducted over a year in the coastal Baudó-San Juan environmental unit, adjacent to the Bajo Baudó Encanto de Manglares Regional Integrated Management District in Chocó, at three locations 20 km, 35 km, and 45 km from the coastline to establish the availability and viability of jumbo squid as an alternative to the target species of artisanal fisheries in the Colombian Pacific. Night fishing sets were conducted at 60 m and 200 m depth at each sampling station to assess some of the biological parameters of the jumbo squid population (mantle length-ML, weight, growth and size at sexual maturity). Most catches were obtained in February and March. Growth was isometric, the average catch size was 24.3 cm ML, size at sexual maturity (L50) was 23.25 cm ML, estimated maximum size (L∞) was 39.9 cm ML, the growth constant (K) was 0.83, and mortality due to experimental fishing was 26 cm ML. According to our results, the jumbo squid fishery in the Colombian Pacific artisanal fishery would be viable during the first months of the year.
Environmental Factors Influencing Annual Changes in Bycatch per Unit Effort of Delphinus delphis around Their Main Hotspot in Korean Waters
Authors: Yoo Joon-Taek , Lee Mi Kyung , Joo Huitae
Published: March 2024

In this study, the characteristics of temporal changes in bycatch per unit effort (BPUE) as an index of the relative density of the common dolphin around their widest hotspot in the East Sea/Sea of Japan were examined from 2011 to 2021. BPUE rapidly increased from 2017 to 2019. The annual changes in BPUE were due to changes during March–April, which is the most abundant season for common dolphins. The annual relationship between BPUE and four variables (Pacific herring, common squid catches, chlorophyll-a concentration, and sea surface temperature) around their main hotspot for March–April was investigated using generalized linear models (GLMs) for gamma distribution. A stepwise Bayesian information criterion for the gamma GLM yielded significant retention of two variables, Pacific herring catch and chlorophyll-a concentration, over the study period, indicating that the rapid increase of the relative density of the common dolphin in the early spring during 2017–2019 could be due to the increase of their prey abundance caused by higher primary productivity. Therefore, ecosystem productivity altered by nutrient conditions could be a key biological process that enhances habitat use of cetaceans in highly productive seasons and regions.
Regional Sediment Management in US Coastal States: Historical Trends and Future Predictions
Authors: Palaparthi Jyothirmayi , Briggs Tiffany Roberts
Published: March 2024

Sea level rise and natural disasters, such as hurricanes and tropical storms, are resulting in coastal erosion-related problems across the US. Beach nourishment is one of the most commonly adopted solutions for erosion mitigation. Borrow sources for nourishment are often from offshore or upland mines. However, in some areas, sediment availability from known borrow sources is becoming scarce. This suggests that sediment should be considered a non-renewable resource within the framework of long-term planning and coastal management decisions. Regional Sediment Management (RSM), or the beneficial use of dredge material (BUDM), targets inlets for borrowing material and can also be a more cost-efficient strategy that has widely been supported by the US Army Corps of Engineers as a system-based approach. However, not all states have embraced this approach, and a national-scale evaluation of these projects in coastal management and adaptation is needed. This study examines past RSM/BUDM projects in the top ten most highly nourished states in the US and compares those trends to a selection of minimally nourished states from different coasts. Based on the historical trends identified, the volume of sediment required for future RSM/BUDM projects in these areas over the next 50 years is predicted using Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. Although growth in the total number of RSM/BUDM projects was measured over time, there was a decline in the volume of sediment placed for these projects. Results of the forecasting model suggest that CA, NC, and the FL Gulf Coast could require the highest volume of sediments for RSM/BUDM activities over the next 50 years. Based solely on proximity to inlets for sediment resources, DE, FL Atlantic, and NJ coasts are potential beaches that can increase BUDM activities. This study aims to provide a framework to evaluate the suitability of future RSM/BUDM projects in efforts to mitigate coastal erosion.
Numerical Computation of Restoring Time and Prediction of Self-Righting Process
Authors: Liu Jinbang , Hou Guoxiang
Published: March 2024

Excellent self-righting performance is important to guarantee the normal navigation of Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) after overturning, and the restoring time is an important index in design requirements. Traditionally, the static stability method and experiments on full-scale vehicles were used to analyze the large-angle stability of the USV. However, when it comes to the analysis of self-righting performance, the traditional static stability method will cause improper integration, and experiments are not convenient. To solve these problems, an improved static stability method was proposed, and a whole self-righting process simulation of a physical model was finished. The numerical simulation method was used to predict the self-righting process of a USV under four working conditions. Firstly, a midpoint average method based on the static stability theory was adopted to compute the static restoring time, and the results were compared with the results of the references, which verifies the effectiveness of the midpoint average method. Also, the midpoint average method is convenient because it only needs the restoring arm curve, the width and the gravity center height. Then, a numerical simulation of a physical model in static water was finished, and an experiment for a physical model in a towing tank was conducted. Comparing the restoring time of the midpoint average method, the numerical simulation and the experiment, the results show that the numerical simulation has high accuracy. Moreover, the numerical simulation was used to predict the self-righting process and analyze the self-righting performance of a USV under four working conditions.
Effects of Acute and Developmental Exposure to Bisphenol S on Chinese Medaka (Oryzias sinensis)
Authors: Li Bingying , Huang Yongsi , Pi Duan , Li Xiang , Guo Yafen , Liang Zhiying , Song Xiaohong , Wang Junjie , Wang Xuegeng
Published: March 2024

Bisphenol S (BPS), one of the substitutes for bisphenol A (BPA), is widely used in various commodities. The BPS concentrations in surface water have gradually increased in recent years, making it a predominant bisphenol analogue in the aquatic environment and raising concerns about its health and ecological effects on aquatic organisms. For this study, we conducted a 96 h acute toxicity test and a 15-day developmental exposure test to assess the adverse effects of BPS exposure in Chinese medaka (Oryzias sinensis), a new local aquatic animal model. The results indicate that the acute exposure of Chinese medaka embryos to BPS led to relatively low toxicity. However, developmental exposure to BPS was found to cause developmental abnormalities, such as decreased hatching rate and body length, at 15 dpf. A transcriptome analysis showed that exposure to different concentrations of bisphenol S often induced different reactions. In summary, environmental concentrations of BPS can have adverse effects on the hatching and physical development of Chinese medaka, and further attention needs to be paid to the potential toxicity of environmental BPS.
Role of Dithiothreitol in Detection of Orthopaedic Implant-Associated Infections
Authors: Bakalakos Matthaios , Vlachos Christos , Ampadiotaki Margarita-Michaela , Stylianakis Antonios , Sipsas Nikolaos , Pneumaticos Spiros , Vlamis John
Published: March 2024

Orthopaedic implant-associated infections (OIAIs) represent a notable complication of contemporary surgical procedures, exerting a considerable impact on patient outcomes and escalating healthcare expenditures. Prompt diagnosis holds paramount importance in managing OIAIs, with sonication widely acknowledged as the preferred method for detecting biofilm-associated infections. Recently, dithiothreitol (DTT) has emerged as a potential substitute for sonication, owing to its demonstrated ability to impede biofilm formation. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of DTT with sonication in identifying microorganisms within implants. Conducted as a prospective cohort investigation, the study encompassed two distinct groups: patients with suspected infections undergoing implant removal (Group A) and those slated for hardware explantation (Group B). Hardware segments were assessed for biofilm-related microorganisms using both sonication and DTT, with a comparative analysis of the two methods. A total of 115 patients were enrolled. In Group A, no statistically significant disparity was observed between DTT and sonication. DTT exhibited a sensitivity of 89.47% and specificity of 96.3%. Conversely, in Group B, both DTT and sonication fluid cultures yielded negative results in all patients. Consequently, this investigation suggests that DTT holds comparable efficacy to sonication in detecting OIAIs, offering a novel, cost-effective, and readily accessible diagnostic modality for identifying implant-associated infections.
Bank Crisis Boosts Bitcoin Price
Authors: Petti Danilo , Sergio Ivan
Published: March 2024

Bitcoin (BTC) represents an emerging asset class, offering investors an alternative avenue for diversification across various units of exchange. The recent global banking crisis of 9 March 2023 has provided an opportunity to reflect on how Bitcoin’s perception as a speculative asset may be evolving. This paper analyzes the volatility behavior of BTC in comparison to gold and the traditional financial market using GARCH models. Additionally, we have developed and incorporated a bank index within our volatility analysis framework, aiming to isolate the impact of financial crises while minimizing idiosyncratic risk. The aim of this work is to understand Bitcoin’s perception among investors and, more importantly, to determine whether BTC can be considered a new asset class. Our findings show that in terms of volatility and price, BTC and gold have responded in very similar ways. Counterintuitively, the financial market seems not to have experienced high volatility and significant price swings in response to the March 9th crisis. This suggests a consumer tendency to seek refuge in both Bitcoin and gold.
Integrating Health and Smartness—New Sustainable Paradigms for the Urban Environment: A Case Study in Lianshi Town (China)
Authors: Pietra Caterina , Venco Elisabetta Maria
Published: March 2024

The concepts of healthy cities and smart cities are popular in emerging research in the 21st century. This study focuses on the existing interrelations between the two notions in terms of socio-spatial quality, technology, and innovation, particularly regarding industrial sites that no longer have a role and constitute ‘urban voids’ with high volumetric concentrations. The fast expansion of cities and the de-industrialization phenomena have resulted in such void-producing blights that compromise public health; environmental quality; and social, economic, and living conditions. Therefore, the authors intend to emphasize the relevance of citizens’ and communities’ engagement in shaping new healthy and smart urban environments. The present method relies on a literature review to describe the current theoretical and practical dimensions of such topics, identifying synergies and trade-offs. After this, a case study in China is presented to support the discussion. The site, a former granary, is located in Lianshi, a traditional water-edge town in the central area of the Yangtze River Delta. The proposed example enhances solutions that meet healthy and smart requirements, transforming the former industrial area into a social catalyst, acting as an effective motivator for urban development. One such theoretical approach is exemplified by a project that won a national architecture competition in 2018, the ‘Taihu Cultural Heritage Rehabilitation Competition’. The latter is then validated through practical solutions in a real-world context by analyzing the ‘Cuckoo’ project developed in 2021 for the same area. Overall, the integration of healthy and smart elements is proposed by the authors as an effective method to achieve more holistic and sustainable city development from both theoretical and practical points of view.
The Development of Pragmatic Markers in English as a Second Language: Do Age and Learning Context Matter?
Authors: Sánchez-Hernández Ariadna , Barón Júlia , Llanes Àngels
Published: March 2024

The present study explores the development of pragmatic marker (PM) use by children and adult L2 English learners in two learning contexts: study abroad (SA) and at home (AH). The study involved a group of 35 Catalan/Spanish girls (aged 11 to 13) learning English AH (n = 16) and abroad in Ireland (n = 19), and a group of 16 adult students aged 19–31 learning English in the UK and Ireland (n = 10) and at their home university in Barcelona (n = 6). To test their pragmatic development, the use of PMs was prompted through pre-test and post-test semi-structured interviews. The results indicated an effect of both age and context on PM development. Children in the SA context increased their use of some PMs, whereas their peers who remained at home did not show any development. Regarding the adults, both SA and AH participants increased their use of specific PMs. These findings shed some light on a topic that has not received scholarly attention in the field of L2 pragmatics: the development of PM use by children. Additionally, they contribute to the very small body of longitudinal studies on the development of PM use during SA.
Antitumor Mechanisms of Lycium barbarum Fruit: An Overview of In Vitro and In Vivo Potential
Authors: Miranda Maria Rosaria , Vestuto Vincenzo , Amodio Giuseppina , Manfra Michele , Pepe Giacomo , Campiglia Pietro
Published: March 2024

Lycium barbarum, known as goji berry or wolfberry, is a fruit long associated with health benefits, showing a plethora of effects ranging from antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Its potential is attributed to the significant presence of polysaccharides, glycopeptides, polyphenols, flavonoids, carotenoids, and their derivatives. These compounds effectively counteract the action of free radicals, positively influencing cellular balance and intracellular signaling, contributing to overall cell health and function acting on multiple molecular pathways. Several fractions extracted from goji berries demonstrate antitumor properties, particularly effective against breast cancer, without showing cytotoxic effects on normal human cells. Hence, the review explored the fundamental traits of bioactive elements in Lycium barbarum and their potential in cancer treatment and, specifically, breast cancer. It focused on elucidating wolfberry’s influenced biochemical pathways, its synergism with anticancer drugs, and its potential to alleviate the side effects associated with existing cancer treatments.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Antioxidant Capacity of 3,3-Disubstituted-3H-benzofuran-2-one Derivatives in a Cellular Model of Neurodegeneration
Authors: Scibetta Sofia , Miceli Martina , Iuliano Marco , Stefanuto Luca , Carbone Elena , Piscopo Paola , Petrozza Vincenzo , Romeo Giovanna , Mangino Giorgio , Calogero Antonella , Gasperi Tecla , Rosa Paolo
Published: March 2024

Oxidative stress represents a hallmark for many degenerative pathologies of the Central Nervous System. Throughout life, the constant pressure of noxious stimuli and/or episodes of traumatic events may expose the brain to a microenvironment where the non-balanced reactive oxygen species inevitably lead to neuronal loss and cognitive decline. HO-1, a 32 kDa heat-shock protein catalyzing the degradation of heme into carbon monoxide (CO), iron and biliverdin/bilirubin is considered one of the main antioxidant defense mechanisms playing pivotal roles in neuroprotection. Restoring the redox homeostasis is the goal of many natural or synthetic antioxidant molecules pursuing beneficial effects on brain functions. Here, we investigated the antioxidant capacity of four selected benzofuran-2-one derivatives in a cellular model of neurodegeneration represented by differentiated SH-SY5Y cells exposed to catechol-induced oxidative stress. Our main results highlight how all the molecules have antioxidant properties, especially compound 9, showing great abilities in reducing intracellular ROS levels and protecting differentiated SH-SY5Y cells from catechol-induced death. This compound above all seems to boost HO-1 mRNA and perinuclear HO-1 protein isoform expression when cells are exposed to the oxidative insult. Our findings open the way to consider benzofuran-2-ones as a novel and promising adjuvant antioxidant strategy for many neurodegenerative disorders.
Ilheus Virus (ILHV) Resistance in Culex quinquefasciatus from the Northern Region of Brazil
Authors: Reis Lúcia Aline Moura , Pampolha Ana Beatriz Oliveira , Dias Daniel Damous , Santos Maissa Maia , Pantoja Jamilla Augusta de Sousa , Araújo Pedro Arthur da Silva , Silva Fábio Silva da , Nascimento Bruna Lais Sena do , Carvalho Valéria Lima , Silva Eliana Vieira Pinto da , Nunes Neto Joaquim Pinto
Published: March 2024

Background: Orthoflavivirus ilheusense (ILHV) is a member of the Flaviviridae family. It was first isolated in 1944 from pools of Aedes serratus and Psorophora ferox mosquitoes; however, it has also been detected in species of the genus Culex, such as Cx. portesi and Cx. coronator. The objective of this study was to examine the vector competence of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes to ILHV infection and the subsequent transmission of the virus through their saliva during feeding on blood. Methods: F1 generation females of Cx. quinquefasciatus (Ananindeua/PA) were orally infected with goose blood infected with strain BeH7445, and body, head and saliva samples were analyzed at 7, 14, and 21 dpi using the techniques of virus isolation in cells and indirect immunofluorescence. Results: The presence of ILHV was not detected in the body and head samples of Cx. quinquefasciatus females at any of the three dpi’s analyzed, indicating that the lineage of mosquitoes analyzed was resistant to ILHV. Conclusions: According to the results obtained in this study, the species Cx. quinquefasciatus proved resistant to ILHV, regardless of the virus titers to which it was exposed, which suggests the possibility that this species does not act as a vector in the ILHV transmission cycle.
Stock Levels and Repair Sourcing in a Periodic Review Exchangeable Item Repair System
Authors: Giat Yahel
Published: March 2024

Background: Exchangeable item repair systems are inventory systems. A nonfunctional item is exchanged for a functional item and returns to the system after being repaired. In our periodic review setting, repair is performed either in-house or outsourced. When repair is in-house, a repaired item is returned to stock regardless of the repair status of the other items in its order. In contrast, with outsourced repair, the entire order must be repaired for it to return to stock. Methods: We develop formulas for the window fill rate (probability for a customer to be served within a given time window) to measure the system’s performance and compute it for each repair model. The cost of outsourcing is the difference between the number of spares needed to maintain a target performance level when repair is internal and when it is outsourced. Results and Conclusions: In our numerical example, we show that the window fill rate in both models is S-shaped in the number of spares and show how the graph shifts to the right when customer tolerance decreases and order cycle time increases. Further, we show that the cost of outsourcing is increasing with customer tolerance and with the target performance level.
Minimisation of Friction Resistance of Elastomeric Lip Seals on Rotating Shafts
Authors: Romanik Grzegorz , Jaszak Przemysław , Grzejda Rafał , Zmarzły Paweł
Published: March 2024

This article presents the results of a study of oil lip seals with a modified outer lip layer texture. In the first step, the interaction of flat rubber samples with different surface layer textures with the steel surface was recognised. Measurements of the friction coefficient of flat samples with different surface layer textures were carried out. The next step was an experimental study of rotating shaft lip seals in standard and prototype versions. The contact width of the sealing lip before and after durability tests was examined, and the clamping force of the lip on the shaft before and after durability tests was measured. The final step was to create a FEM model of the interaction of the sealing ring lip with the shaft to determine the lip seal pressure and width. These calculations, in cooperation with the previously determined friction coefficient and porosity of the lip seal, allowed the calculation of the friction torque. The solution proposed in this article was intended to be simple and viable for industrial applications. Satisfactory results were achieved with prototype rings in terms of reduced resistance to movement, tightness, and durability.
Investigation of the Lubricating Conditions in a Reciprocating Sliding Tribotest with Applied Electric Voltage
Authors: Kreivaitis Raimondas , Andriušis Albinas , Treinytė Jolanta , Kupčinskas Artūras , Jankauskas Vytenis
Published: March 2024

The appearance, evolution, and proliferation of electric-vehicle motors have introduced new challenges for lubricants. The appearance of electric currents in the shafts of electric motors can dramatically change the original properties of lubricated contacts, leading to mechanism failure. Understanding and controlling this phenomenon can be advantageous for lubrication, but investigating the lubricants requires specific equipment and conditions. Therefore, in this study, we introduced a ball-on-plate reciprocating tribometer capable of applying electric voltage to the elements of the friction pair and measuring the electric contact resistance (ECR) as feedback. Mineral-based paraffin oil was used as a lubricant in this study. The coefficient of friction (COF), wear, surface morphology, and composition were analysed. It was found that high-speed ECR measurement could give valuable information regarding the lubrication conditions in reciprocating friction pairs. This study shows that even tiny currents flowing through the tribo contact can alter the lubricating conditions. Moreover, the polarity of the applied voltage is also of great importance. Applying negative voltage to the harder surface can significantly increase wear if the tribo-film is based on surface oxidation.
Metal Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion Process Development Using Optical Tomography
Authors: Björkstrand Roy , Akmal Jan , Salmi Mika
Published: March 2024

In this study, a set of 316 L stainless steel test specimens was additively manufactured by laser-based Powder Bed Fusion. The process parameters were varied for each specimen in terms of laser scan speed and laser power. The objective was to use a narrow band of parameters well inside the process window, demonstrating detailed parameter engineering for specialized additive manufacturing cases. The process variation was monitored using Optical Tomography to capture light emissions from the layer surfaces. Process emission values were stored in a statistical form. Micrographs were prepared and analyzed for defects using optical microscopy and image manipulation. The results of two data sources were compared to find correlations between lack of fusion, porosity, and layer-based energy emissions. A data comparison of Optical Tomography data and micrograph analyses shows that Optical Tomography can partially be used independently to develop new process parameters. The data show that the number of critical defects increases when the average Optical Tomography grey value passes a certain threshold. This finding can contribute to accelerating manufacturing parameter development and help meet the industrial need for agile component-specific parameter development.
Using the AIDA Method in the Design of New Elements for the Photovoltaic Mounting Structures
Authors: Ciubotariu Vlad Andrei , Grigoras Cosmin Constantin , Zichil Valentin , Chirita Bogdan Alexandru
Published: March 2024

To address diverse challenges and accelerate the adoption of PV technology, innovative and cost-effective PV assemblies are essential. The Analysis of Interconnected Decision Areas—the AIDA method—offers a promising approach to achieving this goal by providing a structured framework for identifying, assessing, and optimizing the design of PV assemblies. The aim is to demonstrate how AIDA can be effectively used to identify and assess potential improvements in PV assembly design, leading to the development of more efficient, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly PV systems. For this, out of 54 combinations, 10 of them were retained, so that in the end only two possible solutions obtained by applying AIDA remained. Both structures were assessed by applying FEM, analysing data regarding equivalent von Mises stresses and displacements but also the existence of stress hotspots. A design insight study was also carried out. Also, the models were first built by additive manufacturing (3D printing). These models were evaluated by a manufacturer so that the evaluation matrix and criteria satisfaction matrix could be successfully completed. Therefore, AIDA can be successfully used in solving problems in product design in the field of mounting structures for PV panels. Depending on the manufacturer’s capabilities, the intended functions can be adapted quickly, because AIDA is quite simple to apply if the data of the problem are known very well. Following the application of the FEM it was concluded that the surfaces as simple as possible are to be followed in the design of components. Also, an assessment of environmental impact was successfully undertaken by means of software assistance. The decision to use one option or another is a subjective one. If the technical data are followed, then one type of structure is the one that the manufacturer should adopt as a solution to the problem. However, if the manufacturer considers that the impact on the environment is important and dedicates resources in this direction, then a different type of structure should be adopted.
Correction: Almalaq et al. Deep Machine Learning Model-Based Cyber-Attacks Detection in Smart Power Systems. Mathematics 2022, 10, 2574
Authors: Almalaq Abdulaziz , Albadran Saleh , Mohamed Mohamed A.
Published: March 2024

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...]