bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generation of sintered fault rock and its implications for earthquake energetics and fault healing
Authors: Hirono Tetsuro , Kaneki Shunya , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi , Kameda Jun , Tonoike Naoya , Ito Akihiro , Miyazaki Yuji
Published: August 2020

After an earthquake, faults can recover strength through fault healing, but the mechanisms responsible are not well understood. Seismic slip may induce sintering, a bonding process between solid particles in contact under high temperatures without melting, which could produce a fault rock with elevated strength and chemical stability. Here we present results from electron microscope analyses that show a typical sintered structure in a black disk-shaped rock from the Chelungpu fault, Taiwan. This structure is experimentally reproducible in simulated fault material, prepared from the local host-rock, by heating at 800–900 °C. Through thermal and kinetic analyses of experimental materials, we show that sintering is an exothermic process which can generate energy to enhance post-slip thermochemical reactions in the fault. We propose that sintering substantially contributes to earthquake energetics and fault healing and that its occurrence can be a useful indicator of past seismic slip.
Fast and slow components of interstadial warming in the North Atlantic during the last glacial
Authors: Margari Vasiliki , Skinner Luke C. , Menviel Laurie , Capron Emilie , Rhodes Rachael H. , Mleneck-Vautravers Maryline J. , Ezat Mohamed M. , Martrat Belen , Grimalt Joan O. , Hodell David A. , Tzedakis Polychronis C.
Published: August 2020

The abrupt nature of warming events recorded in Greenland ice-cores during the last glacial has generated much debate over their underlying mechanisms. Here, we present joint marine and terrestrial analyses from the Portuguese Margin, showing a succession of cold stadials and warm interstadials over the interval 35–57 ka. Heinrich stadials 4 and 5 contain considerable structure, with a short transitional phase leading to an interval of maximum cooling and aridity, followed by slowly increasing sea-surface temperatures and moisture availability. A climate model experiment reproduces the changes in western Iberia during the final part of Heinrich stadial 4 as a result of the gradual recovery of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. What emerges is that Greenland ice-core records do not provide a unique template for warming events, which involved the operation of both fast and slow components of the coupled atmosphere–ocean–sea-ice system, producing adjustments over a range of timescales.
Surprising chiral composition changes over the Amazon rainforest with height, time and season
Authors: Zannoni Nora , Leppla Denis , Lembo Silveira de Assis Pedro Ivo , Hoffmann Thorsten , Sá Marta , Araújo Alessandro , Williams Jonathan
Published: August 2020

Many biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) are chiral, existing in two mirror image forms called enantiomers. The most abundant atmospheric chiral BVOC is α-pinene (C10H16), whose enantiomeric ratio has been reported to be regiospecific. Here we show with measurements made on a 325 m tower in the Amazon rainforest that the enantiomeric ratio varies unexpectedly (by a factor of ten) with (+)-α-pinene dominating at canopy level and (−)-α-pinene at tower top. The ratio is independent of wind direction, speed and sunlight but shows diurnal temperature dependent enrichment in the (−)-α-pinene enantiomer at the lowest 80 m height. These effects cannot be caused by atmospheric reaction with oxidants,or aerosol uptake. The reversal of chiral ratio at 80 m reveals the presence of a potent uncharacterized local (+)-α-pinene rich source, possibly linked to herbivory and termites. These results suggest the presence of a strong uncharacterized BVOC source that is overlooked in current emission models.
Direct conversion of syngas into light aromatics over Cu-promoted ZSM-5 with ceria–zirconia solid solution
Authors: Wang Sheng , Huang Zhen , Luo Yajun , Wang Jinhao , Fang Yue , Hua Weimin , Yue Yinghong , Xu Hualong , Shen Wei
Published: August 2020

Syngas conversion with 72.1% selectivity to aromatics and 40.8% CO conversion was achieved over a copper and silica-modified ZSM-5 and ceria–zirconia solid solution bifunctional catalyst.
Molecular engineering of super-swollen inverse bicontinuous cubic and sponge lipid phases for biomedical applications
Authors: Zhai Jiali , Sarkar Sampa , Conn Charlotte E. , Drummond Calum J.
Published: August 2020

Swelling the water channels of lipid-based inverse bicontinuous cubic phases.
Hydrogen peroxide-mediated synthesis of 2,4-substituted quinazolines via one-pot three-component reactions under metal-free conditions
Authors: Trinh Khang H. , Nguyen Khang X. , Pham Phuc H. , Nguyen Tung T. , Phan Anh N. Q. , Phan Nam T. S.
Published: August 2020

An efficient metal-free synthesis of 2,4-substituted quinazolines via a hydrogen peroxide-mediated one-pot three-component reaction of 2-aminoaryl ketones, aldehydes, and ammonium acetate has been developed.
Characterization of insulin cross-seeding: the underlying mechanism reveals seeding and denaturant-induced insulin fibrillation proceeds through structurally similar intermediates
Authors: Akbarian Mohsen , Kianpour Maryam , Yousefi Reza , Moosavi-Movahedi Ali Akbar
Published: August 2020

Native insulins in the presence of low urea concentrations or seeds with low hydrophobicity form ordered aggregates (amyloid fibrils), while high urea concentrations or the seeds with high level of hydrophobicity can induce the amorphous aggregation.
Synthesis of MOFs/GO composite for corrosion resistance application on carbon steel
Authors: Wei Wenchang , Liu Zheng , Wei Runzhi , Han Guo-Cheng , Liang Chuxin
Published: August 2020

Two unreported metal–organic frameworks [Cu(6-Me-2,3-pydc)(1,10-phen)·7H2O]n (namely Cu-MOF) and [Mn2(2,2′-bca)2(H2O)2]n (namely Mn-MOF) were synthesized and characterized. Cu-MOF and Mn-MOF all can form a three-dimensional structure.
Unveiling the optical parameters of vanadium dioxide in the phase transition region: a hybrid modeling approach
Authors: Cakir Mehmet Cihan , Kocer Hasan , Durna Yilmaz , Yildirim Deniz Umut , Ghobadi Amir , Hajian Hodjat , Aydin Koray , Kurt Hamza , Saglam Necdet , Ozbay Ekmel
Published: August 2020

A universal hybrid modeling approach is developed to model VO2 in transition, revealing dynamic behavior of metallic inclusions and grain shapes.
A novel strategy to polyurethanes with improved mechanical properties by photoactivation of amidocoumarin moieties
Authors: Navarro Rodrigo , Seoane-Rivero Rubén , Cuevas José María , Marcos-Fernandez Ángel
Published: August 2020

An attractive strategy involving photodimerization of a novel amidocoumarin moiety is presented to prepare polyurethane coatings with excellent mechanical properties.
Comment on “Thermal effects – an alternative mechanism for plasmon-assisted photocatalysis” by Y. Dubi, I. W. Un and Y. Sivan, Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, 5017
Authors: Jain Prashant K.
Published: August 2020

A range of chemical reactions occurring on the surfaces of metal nanoparticles exhibit enhanced rates under plasmonic excitation. It is not straightforward to distinguish between photochemical and photothermal effect using Arrhenius fitting of the reaction rates alone.
Charge-transfer biexciton annihilation in a donor–acceptor co-crystal yields high-energy long-lived charge carriers
Authors: Schlesinger Itai , Powers-Riggs Natalia E. , Logsdon Jenna L. , Qi Yue , Miller Stephen A. , Tempelaar Roel , Young Ryan M. , Wasielewski Michael R.
Published: August 2020

Femtosecond transient absorption microscopy of donor–acceptor single co-crystals shows that photogenerated charge transfer excitons in one-dimensional donor–acceptor π stacks annihilate to produce high-energy, long-lived electrons and holes.
Reply to the ‘Comment on “Thermal effects – an alternative mechanism for plasmon-assisted photocatalysis”’ by P. Jain, Chem. Sci., 2020, 11, DOI: 10.1039/D0SC02914A
Authors: Dubi Yonatan , Un Ieng Wai , Sivan Yonatan
Published: August 2020

In his Comment to our paper “Thermal effects – an alternative mechanism for plasmon-assisted photocatalysis”, Jain correctly points out that using an Arrhenius fit to the reaction rate is not enough to distinguish thermal from non-thermal effects.
Preparation of a bifunctional ultrathin nickel phosphide nanosheet electrocatalyst for full water splitting
Authors: Mushtaq Nouraiz , Qiao Chen , Tabassum Hassina , Naveed Muhammad , Tahir Muhammad , Zhu Youqi , Naeem Muhammad , Younas Waqar , Cao Chuanbao
Published: August 2020

Developing a noble-metal-free robust and effective electrocatalyst with enhanced active sites for overall water splitting is of great significance yet challenging.
Evaporation kinetics of continuous water and dispersed oil droplets
Authors: Hasegawa Katsuyuki , Inasawa Susumu
Published: August 2020

Oil droplets were packed and finally they evaporated anisotropically because of the receding air–liquid interface and pinning by the residual water phase.
Poly(norbornene) anion conductive membranes: homopolymer, block copolymer and random copolymer properties and performance
Authors: Mandal Mrinmay , Huang Garrett , Hassan Noor Ul , Mustain William E. , Kohl Paul A.
Published: August 2020

A systematic comparison between random and block copolymer membrane properties showed the suitability of random copolymer membranes.
3D printed rGO/CNT microlattice aerogel for a dendrite-free sodium metal anode
Authors: Yan Jin , Zhi Gang , Kong Dezhi , Wang Hui , Xu Tingting , Zang Jinhao , Shen Weixia , Xu Junmin , Shi Yumeng , Dai Shuge , Li Xinjian , Wang Ye
Published: August 2020

An artificial rGO/CNT microlattice aerogel is designed and constructed by 3D printing technology, and further adopted as the host of the sodium metal anode.
Heteroatom-doped carbon networks enabling robust and flexible silicon anodes for high energy Li-ion batteries
Authors: Shao Rong , Zhu Feng , Cao Zhenjiang , Zhang Zhengping , Dou Meiling , Niu Jin , Zhu Baoning , Wang Feng
Published: August 2020

Flexible Si anodes for Li-ion batteries were enabled by heteroatom-doped carbon networks, the mechanisms by which heteroatom-doped carbons enhance the Si anodes performance were detailed explored and provided.
Recent advances in green synthesis and modification of inorganic nanomaterials by ionizing and non-ionizing radiation
Authors: Guo Kun , Baidak Aliaksandr , Yu Zhixin
Published: August 2020

Radiation holds great potential to energize the synthesis and modification of nanomaterials with high efficiency, simplicity, scalability, and environmental friendliness.
A library of aminoglycoside-derived lipopolymer nanoparticles for delivery of small molecules and nucleic acids
Authors: Godeshala Sudhakar , Miryala Bhavani , Dutta Subhadeep , Christensen Matthew D. , Nandi Purbasha , Chiu Po-Lin , Rege Kaushal
Published: August 2020

A library of lipopolymer nanoparticles for nucleic acid, small-molecule drug, and simultaneous drug and nucleic acid delivery.
Controlling the degradation of cellulose scaffolds with Malaprade oxidation for tissue engineering
Authors: Chimpibul Wichchulada , Nakaji-Hirabayashi Tadashi , Yuan Xida , Matsumura Kazuaki
Published: August 2020

Cellulose scaffolds, whose biodegradation can be controlled through the reaction with amine compounds in the human body, were developed for tissue engineering applications.
Covalent organic framework membrane for size selective release of small molecules and peptide in vitro
Authors: Rezvani Alanagh Hamideh , Rostami Iman , Taleb Mohammad , Gao Xiaoqing , Zhang Yadong , Khattak Abdul Muqsit , He Xiao , Li Lianshan , Tang Zhiyong
Published: August 2020

The ability to control small drug release is crucial in biomedicine, especially for inhibiting the side effects of drugs, but it is still challenging.
Highly biosafe biomimetic stem cell membrane-disguised nanovehicles for cartilage regeneration
Authors: Zhang Xingyu , Chen Jun , Jiang Qin , Ding Xiaoquan , Li Yunxia , Chen Chen , Yang Wuli , Chen Shiyi
Published: August 2020

Stem cell membrane-disguised Kartogenin-loaded nanovehicles with highly biosafe properties for enhanced cartilage repair and regeneration.
Charge-transfer engineering strategies for tailored ionic conductivity at oxide interfaces
Authors: Gunkel F. , Christensen D. V. , Pryds N.
Published: August 2020

Based on the example of the p-type LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface, we discuss charge-transfer phenomena that tailor the ionic conductivity along oxide heterointerfaces, by providing a confined space-charge layer as channel for oxygen ion conduction.
Ultraflexible all-organic complementary transistors and inverters based on printed polymers
Authors: Stucchi Elena , Scaccabarozzi Alberto D. , Viola Fabrizio A. , Caironi Mario
Published: August 2020

Crumpable electronics based on printed polymer semiconductors is demonstrated, with the additional features of being fully organic and semi-transparent.
Recent progress in chemical gas sensors based on organic thin film transistors
Authors: Wu Mengge , Hou Sihui , Yu Xinge , Yu Junsheng
Published: August 2020

The advances in materials and applications of OTFT based chemical gas sensors.
Design and control of a low-cost autonomous profiling float
Authors: Le Mézo Thomas , Le Maillot Gilles , Ropert Thierry , Jaulin Luc , Ponte Aurélien , Zerr Benoît
Published: August 2020

This paper presents the development made around the SeaBot, a new low-cost profiling float design for shallow water. We introduce a simplified dynamical model of the float and propose a state feedback depth controller coupled with an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) to estimate model parameters. We show experimental results of the depth control that validate the model and the controller. We finally propose a loop design method to build low-cost floats by highlighting key design choices along with design rules.
Seismic vulnerability of structures: application to the Civil Protection building in Andorra
Authors: Barus Matthias , Dalverny Olivier , Welemane Hélène , Faye Jean-Pierre , Martin Carmen
Published: August 2020

This works deals with the seismic vulnerability of buildings in the Pyrenees mountains region where almost a thousand earthquakes are recorded each year in the border area. The challenge is twofold: first to detect the damage due to seismic events and then to localize it inside studied buildings. Operational Modal Analysis (OMA) coupled with numerical modelling by Finite Element (FE) constitutes an interesting approach to address these issues. Here we intend to apply such methodology on a strategic building located in Andorre-la-Vieille whose structure is complex, irregular and heterogeneous. The structural behaviour of the building is studied through frequency computation method in order to identify its undamaged behaviour. A seismic event is next simulated by a non-linear dynamic computation method which creates damage within the structure. Numerical results (natural frequencies, modal shapes and damage location) allow highlighting damaged zones induced by the earthquake and quantify degradation level in these areas. Accordingly, some guidelines may be given in view of the future instrumentation of the building (accelerometers and RAR).
Discharge flow of granular media from rectangular silos: role of an obstacle and modelling by an orifice at the corner
Authors: Laidaoui Samira , Aussillous Pascale , Djermane Mohammed , Dalloz-Dubrujeaud Blanche
Published: August 2020

We present an experimental study on the discharge flow of a granular media from a rectangular silo with a cylindrical obstacle placed above the outlet. As described in the literature, the presence of an obstacle decreases the flow rate, but the characteristic lengths to be chosen in the flow rate law are not known. To predict the flow rate we vary the obstacle diameter and vertical position, the outlet size and the particle diameter. However due to the large number of parameters we find that the characteristic length which controls the flow rate cannot be thoroughly defined. To model the effect of an obstacle on the flow rate we design a new configuration with an orifice at the corner of the silo. We study the two extreme cases (a bottom orifice at the wall and a lateral orifice) and we show that for the corner all the data are in between these two cases.
Entendre l’indicible : l’accueil des proches lors d’une première hospitalisation pour un épisode psychotique, ce qu’en disent les familles...
Authors: Delphis Brigitte
Published: August 2020

Témoignage personnel et partagé, construit sur un vécu de parent, et nourri de l’expérience des accueils de familles et des groupes de parole de l’UNAFAM, sur ce que vivent les proches lors d’une première hospitalisation d’un membre de la famille en psychiatrie, leurs difficultés, leurs attentes, mais aussi leurs ressources à mobiliser pour améliorer la prise en charge du patient et la continuité de son parcours.
La psychiatrie de la personne âgée et les affections neurodégénératives : vers la réintégration ou la rupture ?
Authors: Charazac Pierre
Published: August 2020

Le rattachement de la maladie d’Alzheimer et des démences ou troubles neurocognitifs majeurs à la seule neurologie interpelle autant notre représentation de la maladie mentale que celle de la psychiatrie de la personne âgée. Le détachement corrélatif de cette appropriation révèle que le passage de la psychiatrie à la santé mentale s’est fait au détriment de toute une classe de patients dont ces affections relèvent aussi de la psychopathologie. En se fondant sur sa pratique, l’auteur montre que le psychiatre est appelé à intervenir à chaque étape de ces maladies, à leur début clinique, à domicile avec un aidant et après l’entrée en institution.
Langages du corps vieillissant : lapsus et prolapsus
Authors: Simon Françoise
Published: August 2020

Écouter entre les mots comme on lirait entre les lignes d’une main ridée, tachée, déformée par le temps. Lignes de - fin de - vie singulières d’où peut surgir par effraction la vérité du Sujet. Quand une personne âgée se saisit d’une proposition de psychothérapie, s’engage un travail surprenant où le mot peut, comme le corps sait le faire de façon visible et brutale - prolapsus -, glisser de la bouche - lapsus - et s’échapper à bas bruit comme pour ne pas déranger l’ordre des choses où le vieux dément ne peut dire que de l’insensé. La vignette clinique se propose de mettre en lumière la force et la pertinence de la parole du grand âge, chez des personnes qui n’avaient parfois jamais rencontré de psy et l’effet de transmission bien accueilli par les jeunes générations qui peuvent s’en saisir pour décrypter de possibles secrets de famille.
Aktuelle ethische Herausforderungen in der Intensivmedizin angesichts der Corona-Pandemie
Authors: Janssens Uwe
Published: August 2020

Was ist neu?

Empfehlung der Deutschen Interdisziplinären Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin Angesichts weltweit explodierender Patientenzahlen im Verlauf der Corona-Pandemie und knapper intensivmedizinscher Ressourcen in vielen Ländern mit teilweiser dramatischer Unterversorgung machten sich in Deutschland Sorgen und Ängste in der Bevölkerung breit. Auch die Beschäftigten im Gesundheitswesen stellten sich die Frage, wie mit einer Überlastung des Gesundheitswesens hier umgegangen werden sollte. Zahlreiche Anfragen von besorgten Ärzten aber auch Ethikkomitees bei verschiedenen Fachgesellschaften veranlasste die Deutsche Interdisziplinäre Vereinigung für Intensiv- und Notfallmedizin (DIVI) gemeinsam mit 7 weiteren Fachgesellschaften eine klinisch-ethische Empfehlung zu „Entscheidungen über die Zuteilung intensivmedizinischer Ressourcen im Kontext der COVID-19-Pandemie“ auszuarbeiten. Die Priorisierung von Patienten soll sich am Kriterium der klinischen Erfolgsaussicht orientieren. Dabei werden – wenn nicht anders vermeidbar – diejenigen Patienten nicht intensivmedizinisch behandelt, bei denen nur eine sehr geringe Aussicht besteht zu überleben. Vorrangig werden demgegenüber diejenigen Patienten intensivmedizinisch behandelt, die durch diese Maßnahmen eine höhere Überlebenswahrscheinlichkeit haben.

Rechtliche Aspekte Solange es vom Gesetzgeber keine Vorgaben hinsichtlich einer Priorisierung bei unzureichenden Ressourcen gibt, müssen Politik und Rechtsprechung den Ärztinnen und Ärzten, die diesem Dilemma ausgesetzt sind, Rückendeckung geben.
Die interdisziplinäre, multimodale Schmerztherapie in der konservativen Wirbelsäulentherapie
Authors: Marnitz Ulf
Published: August 2020

Die interdisziplinäre multimodale Schmerztherapie (IMST) ist als wirksamste Behandlungsform chronischer Rückenschmerzen wiederholt belegt. Dazu wird ein qualifiziertes Behandlerteam aus Ärzten, Psychotherapeuten und Physiotherapeuten benötigt. Deren Handeln orientiert sich an Versorgungsleitlinien, an inzwischen bestehenden, umfangreichen Nachschlagewerken und Handlungsanweisungen. Grundsätzlich zeichnet sich die IMST durch eine bio-psycho-soziale Sichtweise mit einer gemeinsamen Haltung im Heilungsprozess für die Patienten aus.
Nicht invasive MR-Angiografien der großen und kleinen herznahen Gefäße
Authors: Müllerleile Kai , Lund Gunnar K.
Published: August 2020

Die kardiovaskuläre MRT ist ein mittlerweile im klinischen Alltag etabliertes diagnostisches Instrument bei vielen kardiovaskulären Fragestellungen. Ein wichtiges Werkzeug sind hierbei verschiedene Methoden zur MR-Angiografie (MRA), die invasive oder CT-Angiografien (CTA) zum Teil bereits ersetzen konnten. Diese Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten klinischen Anwendungen der MRA im Bereich der herznahen Gefäße.
Fallbericht: Best Supportive Care (BSC) in der Palliativmedizin – was bedeutet BSC eigentlich?
Authors: Kretschmer Eva-Maria , Krones Tanja , Blum David
Published: August 2020

Wir berichten über einen multimorbiden 56-jährigen Patienten, welcher mit unbehandelter Tumorerkrankung nach Multiorganversagen auf die Palliativstation verlegt wurde. Aufgrund einer Eisenmangelanämie wurde eine Magen-Darm-Diagnostik zum Ausschluss einer gastrointestinalen Blutung durchgeführt. Diese Untersuchung zeigte ein Adenokarzinom des proximalen Kolons. Im Rahmen der Narkoseeinleitung zur Resektion des Tumors aspirierte der Patient und entwickelte einen schweren septischen Schock mit Multiorganversagen.

Entsprechend der interdisziplinären Tumorboardempfehlung für Best Supportive Care (BSC) sowie dem vom Patienten gewünschten Abbruch der Therapie, erfolgte die Zuweisung auf die Palliativstation. Der voll urteilsfähige Patient hatte im Zuge der aus seiner Sicht dramatischen Ereignisse keine weiteren intensivmedizinischen Maßnahmen gewünscht.

Im weiteren Verlauf der insgesamt fünfwöchigen Behandlung auf der Palliativstation stabilisierte sich der Patient. Dank intensiver Gespräche mit unterschiedlichen Professionen der Palliativmedizin über Therapieziele und die eigenen Präferenzen beschäftigte sich der Patient mit dem Lebensende und bereitete sich auf den Tod vor. Es zeigte sich, dass die Ablehnung weiterer intensivmedizinischer Maßnahmen aus Patientensicht keinen generellen Verzicht auf die Behandlung der Tumorerkrankung beinhaltete.

Schließlich konnte bei vollständiger Rekonvaleszenz die geplante onkologische Therapie mit neoadjuvanter Chemotherapie und Tumorresektion erfolgreich durchgeführt werden.
A Century After the Description of “Hormones”, Our
Golden Jubilee Celebration Goes on with What is New in Endocrine Oncology: And a
Lot is New!
Authors: Stratakis Constantine A.
Published: August 2020

About 3000 thousand years ago Marcus Aurelius said: “Time is a sort of
river of passing events, and strong is its current; no sooner is a thing brought
to sight than it is swept by and another takes its place, and this too will be
swept away…” 1.
Kinder und Jugendliche möchten über Tod und Sterben reden – Erfahrungen aus Pilotkursen Letzte Hilfe Kids/Teens für 8- bis 16-Jährige
Authors: Bollig Georg , Pothmann Raymund , Mainzer Kirsten , Fiedler Holger
Published: August 2020

Hintergrund und Ziel Letzte-Hilfe-Kurse können Bürger befähigen, mehr Menschen ein Sterben zu Hause zu ermöglichen. Ziel der Studie ist die Evaluation der neu etablierten Letzte-Hilfe-Kurse für Kinder und Jugendliche.

Materialien und Methoden Neun Letzte-Hilfe-Kurse für Kinder und Jugendliche mit insgesamt 128 Teilnehmern von 9–17 Jahren wurden durchgeführt. Die Evaluation basiert auf mixed-methods und erfolgte mittels eines Fragebogens.

Ergebnisse 120 von 128 Teilnehmern (94 %) nahmen an der Evaluation teil. Die Teilnehmer schätzten die Möglichkeit, über Tod und Sterben zu reden. 94 % fanden den Kurs hilfreich für alle und 92 % wollen ihn weiterempfehlen. 89 % fanden die Kursinhalte leicht zu verstehen.

Schlussfolgerungen und Ausblick Die Kurse für Kids/Teens werden von den Teilnehmern sehr gut angenommen. In Zukunft sollten die Kurse weiter verbreitet und in die Schulcurricula aufgenommen werden, um Informationen und Austausch zu Sterben und Begleitung am Lebensende zu ermöglichen.
Lumbosacral Fusion Using Instrumented Cage Distraction–Fixation in a Dog with Degenerative Lumbosacral Stenosis
Authors: Reints Bok Tjarda E. , van Stee Lucinda , Willemsen Koen , Beukers Martijn , Grinwis Guy C.M. , Meij Björn P.
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to assess the long-term outcome and intervertebral fusion following surgical distraction and stabilization using an intervertebral cage and pedicle screw and rod fixation (PSRF) in a dog with severe degenerative lumbosacral stenosis (DLSS).Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis is a common disorder in large breed dogs and has a multifactorial origin. Surgical treatment by dorsal laminectomy and discectomy results in decompression of neural structures, but when distraction–fixation is applied, the ultimate goal is vertebral fusion. A 4-year-old male neutered Leonberger, presented with DLSS and pre-existent chronic discospondylitis, was treated by dorsal laminectomy, partial discectomy, curettage of the end plates, distraction with an intervertebral spacer (SynCage), and PSRF. At 26 months after surgery, the Helsinki pain score and neurological Griffith score were improved; however, the dog passed away shortly thereafter due to an unrelated disorder. The lumbosacral segment became available for computed tomography (CT), micro-CT and histopathology. On CT, bone volume through the largest hole of the cage was 91.0% and for compact bone 76.1%. Micro-CT and histopathology revealed vertebral fusion. Distraction–fixation using an intervertebral spacer and PSRF was well-accepted in this dog with severe DLSS, and the dog had a good clinical outcome with long-term follow-up. CT, micro-CT and histopathology showed evidence of vertebral fusion.
The Valuation of Rhytidectomy in Different Economic Markets
Authors: Kumar Anisha R. , Ishii Lisa E. , Papel Ira , Kontis Theda C. , Chen David , Liao David , Chen Jonlin , Nellis Jason , Ishii Masaru
Published: August 2020

This study demonstrates that the trend of how rhytidectomy is valued can be used to determine not only the pricing of this good but also how receptive developing economic markets are to the export of cosmetic facial plastic surgery. This study seeks to analyze and compare the value of rhytidectomy in an established market and an emerging market. A cross-sectional survey was administered through public online forums to 162 casual observers in the United States and 74 casual observers in India. Participants were shown pre- and postoperative photos of 10 patients who underwent cosmetic rhinoplasty and 2 patients who did not undergo surgery. Observers were asked to quantify the perceived change in attractiveness, change in age, and willingness to pay (WTP). There is a similar nonlinear trend between WTP and change in attractiveness in both the United States and India. Baseline values of rhytidectomy in the United States and India have a similar ratio of 2.122 compared with the ratio between both countries in the 2018 Big Mac index. The comparison of the trend in WTP in the United States and India shows that facial cosmetic surgery functions as a luxury good in both an established market and an emerging market. Our model successfully approximates the relationship between each country's purchasing power parity. Since the market behavior of rhytidectomy can be predicted based on purchasing power parity, there may be an untapped market for facial cosmetic surgery among populations with growing economies.
Lungenerkrankung durch nicht-tuberkulöse Mykobakterien – Die neue ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA-Leitlinie
Authors: Wagner Dirk , Lange Christoph
Published: August 2020

Was ist neu?

Die neue ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA-Leitlinie beantwortet 22 PICO Fragen zur Behandlung von Erkrankungen der Lunge durch Mycobacterium avium-Komplex (MAC), M. kansasii, M. xenopi und M. abscessus.

Allgemeines Insbesondere bei Patienten mit mikroskopischem Nachweis säurefester Stäbchen im Sputum oder kavernöser Verlaufsform sollte der Behandlungsbeginn nicht verzögert werden. Die Behandlung sollte auf einer speziesspezifischen Resistenztestung (entsprechend den CLSI-Guidelines) basieren.

MAC-Lungenerkrankung Die Therapie erfolgt hier mit mindestens 3 Medikamenten inklusive einem Makrolid (eher Azithromycin als Clarithromycin) und Ethambutol. Für Patienten mit kavitärer, mit ausgeprägter nodulär-bronchiektatischer Erkrankung oder mit Makrolid-Resistenz wird zur täglichen oralen Therapie eine additive Gabe von parenteralem Amikacin oder Streptomycin empfohlen. Liposomal verkapseltes inhalatives Amikacin wird bei Therapieversagen empfohlen. Patienten mit nodulär-bronchiektatischer Erkrankungsmanifestation sollten eine orale Makrolid-basierte Therapie, die – je nach Ausmaß – 3-mal/Woche gegeben werden kann, erhalten. Als Dauer werden 12 Monate nach Konversion der Sputumkultur empfohlen.

M. kansasii-Lungenerkrankung Empfohlen ist die Dreifachkombination aus Rifampicin, Ethambutol und Makrolid (oder Isoniazid) für mindestens 12 Monate. Bei Rifampicin-Resistenz oder -unverträglichkeit wird Moxifloxacin als Ersatz empfohlen.

M. xenopi-Lungenerkrankung Empfohlen ist die Dreifachkombination aus Rifampicin, Ethambutol und Makrolid (oder Moxifloxacin) für mindestens 12 Monate nach Konversion der Sputumkultur. Es wird empfohlen, bei Patienten mit kavernöser Verlaufsform zumindest parenterales Amikacin zu addieren und Experten zu konsultieren.

M. abscessus-Lungenerkrankung Mindestens 3 Medikamente werden zur Therapie empfohlen. Die Substanzauswahl sollte auf einer In-vitro-Resistenztestung basieren. Makrolide sind die Grundlage, sollten aber bei Stämmen mit induzierbarer Makrolidresistenz nicht mitgerechnet werden. Zur Therapiedauer werden aufgrund fehlender Daten keine expliziten Empfehlungen ausgesprochen, eine Konsultation von Experten wird empfohlen.
Improved microwave sensitivity to 706 kV/W by using p-GaAsSb/n-InAs nanowire backward diodes for low-power energy harvesting at zero bias
Authors: Takahashi Tsuyoshi , Kawaguchi Kenichi , Sato Masaru , Suhara Michihiko , Okamoto Naoya
Published: August 2020

In this study, a p-GaAs0.4Sb0.6/n-InAs nanowire backward diode (NW BWD) with a large sensitivity of 706 kV/W, exceeding that of Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs), was developed for low-power microwave rectification at zero bias. The interband tunneling of the NW BWDs under zero-bias condition displayed a large nonlinear characteristic of typical BWDs, which is effective for realizing power detection with high sensitivity. The fabricated NW BWDs indicated linear detected voltages (Vdet) when a microwave input power (Pin) of ∼1 µW was applied at 2.4 GHz. From the Vdet, Pin, and return loss obtained from the S-parameter measurements, an impedance-matched voltage sensitivity of 706 kV/W was calculated for the NW BWD at zero bias. The obtained sensitivity value was higher than that of a well-designed SBD, which was ∼62 kV/W at 2.4 GHz. According to the extracted device parameters, it was found that to improve the sensitivity of the NW-BWD, not only the junction capacitance of the diode but also the parasitic pad capacitance needs to be reduced. The high sensitivity is attributed to the high curvature coefficient of −26.7 V−1 and the small junction capacitance of the NW structure of the BWD.
Limitations for tungsten as plasma facing material in the diverse scenarios of the European inertial confinement fusion facility HiPER: Current status and new approaches
Authors: Gonzalez-Arrabal R. , Rivera A. , Perlado J. M.
Published: August 2020

The high-power laser energy research (HiPER) project was a European project for demonstrating the feasibility of inertial fusion energy based on using direct-drive targets in a shock ignition scheme using a drywall evacuated chamber. HiPER was intended to drive the transition from a scientific proof of principle to a demonstration power plant in Europe. The project was divided into three realistic scenarios (Experimental, Prototype, and Demo) to help identify open problems and select appropriate technologies to solve them. One of the problems identified was the lack of appropriate plasma-facing materials (PFMs) for the reaction chamber. Therefore, a major challenge was to develop radiation-resistant materials able to withstand the large thermal loads and radiation in these reactors. In this paper, we describe the main threats that coarse-grained W would face in the diverse HiPER scenarios. Based on purely thermomechanical considerations, the W lifetimes for the HiPER Prototype and Demo scenarios are limited by fatigue to 14 000 h and 28 h, respectively. The combined effects of thermal load and atomistic damage significantly reduce these lifetimes to just ∼1000 shots for the Experimental scenario and a few minutes and seconds for the Prototype and Demo scenarios, respectively. Thus, coarse-grained W is not an appropriate PFM for the Prototype or Demo scenarios. Therefore, alternatives to this material need to be identified. Here, we review some of the different approaches that are being investigated, highlight the work done to characterize these new materials, and suggest further experiments.
Cross-linguistic influence and the MGM
Authors: Grein Marion
Published: August 2020

Language learning is an interactive, social effort and the role of grammar is no longer focused. Nowadays we consider most language learners to be pluricultural beings aiming at communicative language competence (cf. CEFR 2018) in another language. The role of grammar, thus, plays a subordinate role. Authentic language usage requires the analysis of authentic dialogues (via the Mixed Game Model, MGM) and awareness-raising regarding the phenomenon of language transfer (via Crosslinguistic-influence approaches). These two approaches will be merged within the article – addressed to linguists as well as language teachers.
Criticism in the Javanese Arek Cultural Community
Authors: Jauhari Edy , Djatmika Djatmika , Santosa Riyadi
Published: August 2020

This article studies the speech act criticism and its function as a means of social control in the Javanese Arek Cultural
Community (JACC) in East Java, Indonesia. Its goal is to understand how criticism is expressed in various contexts based on ±Power (±P), ±
social Distance (±D), ±Public (±Pu), and to understand the criticism strategies appropriate for use in these contexts. The data was
collected through Discourse Completion Tasks and interviews. The results show that the contexts for expressing criticism in the JACC are
determined by parameter ±D. Based on this parameter, it can be discovered which contexts tend to be preferred and less preferred. In the use
of strategy, the Indirect Criticism (IC) is more commonly used than the Direct Criticism (DC). Nevertheless, in preferred contexts, the DC
is still regarded as something that is natural and customary.
The interplay of cultural expectation, gender role, and communicative behavior
Authors: Tang Chihsia
Published: August 2020

A number of pragmatic studies have reported on gender variations in compliment-responding linguistic behavior.
However, how people of different gender roles react to compliments was rarely compared. The earlier literature reported that men
and women’s values and priorities are incompatible, something which can have a significant impact on their reactions to
compliments. The present study, therefore, investigates how people of different gender roles pragmalinguistically respond to
different kinds of compliments, such as on appearance, ability, possessions, or personality traits. A discourse completion test,
designed to elicit people’s compliment-responding patterns under different scenarios, was then distributed to 600 male and female
adult informants. The results showed that the respondents’ reactions to compliments were mostly conditioned by their own gender
roles. In addition, the male and female participants’ preferential compliment-responding behaviors were manifestations of the
social expectations on masculinity and femininity in their particular speech community.
A scalable data transmission scheme for implantable optogenetic visual prostheses
Authors: Hou Zhenyang , Al-Atabany Walid , Farag Ramy , Vuong Quoc C , Mokhov Andrey , Degenaar Patrick
Published: August 2020

Objective. This work described a video information processing scheme for optogenetic forms of visual cortical prosthetics. Approach. The architecture is designed to perform a processing sequence: Initially simplifying the scene, followed by a pragmatic visual encoding scheme which assumes that initially optical stimulation will be stimulating bulk neural tissue rather than driving individual phosphenes. We demonstrate an optical encoder, combined with what we called a zero-run length encoding (zRLE) video compression and decompression scheme—to wirelessly transfer information to an implantable unit in an efficient manner. In the final step, we have incorporated an even power distribution driver to prevent excessive power fluctuations in the optogenetic driving. Significance. The key novelty in this work centres on the completeness of the scheme, the new zRLE compression algorithm and our even power distributor. Main results. Furthermore, although the paper focusses on the algorithm, we confirm that it can be implemented on real time portable processing hardware which we will use for our visual prosthetics.
The problem of maintaining the Vepsian identity in the context of the activities of the Barents Euro-Arctic Council
Authors: Andreev M , Renni F , Turkin V , Chueva D , Chistalyova T
Published: August 2020

The authors of this article focus on the problem of the activities of the Barents Euro-Arctic Council (BEAC) in the context of maintaining the Vepsian identity. It’s important that Veps, being a people of Euro-Arctic, are recognized as an indigenous ethnic group of Barents region by BEAC. The authors analyze all aspects of Council policy of maintaining the Vepsian people. Although the structure of Council includes The Working Group of Indigenous Peoples (WGIP), the authors argue that too little attention has been paid to the Vepsian issue, compared with Nenets and Saami problematics. Beyond that, a reader is informed about strengths and weaknesses of the BEAC activities in this direction. Finally, article gives recommendations on improving the efficiency of BEAC policy with regard to the Vepsian ethnic group.
On the development of a base of normative situational clock periods of the rational rolling complex functioning
Authors: Kulakov S M , Musatova A I , Kadykov V N
Published: August 2020

The main idea of the article is to solve the problem of assessing the normative values of situational clock periods of the rolling complex equipment. The result of the study is a measure of clock cycles, structured by the type of product, technological routes and production situations. An example of rationalization of one of the technological routes of a specific rolling production using situational and normative clock periods is shown, which allows the main technical and economic indicators of the complex to be improved. A situational clock period approach is proposed to build a base of normative indicators for the rolling complex. The following areas of application of the base of indicators are identified: optimization of technological routes, scheduling of the complex, operational planning of the production.
Flotation reagent dosing control system at the coil preparation plant LLC JV “Barsasskoye Tovarischestvo”
Authors: Myshlyaev L P , Lyakhovets M V , Makarov G V , Korovin D E , Kulyushin G A
Published: August 2020

The paper considers issues related to the creation of automated process control systems of the fleet-filtering department of the coil preparation plant LLC JV “Barzasskoye Tovarischestvo” (Berezovsky. Russia). The presented automated process control system is intended for controlling the flotation process and auxiliary operations. This system has been integrated into the control system of the entire factory and is intermediate between the main enrichment complex and the drying-furnace department. Integration is carried out at the technological and information levels. Effective management of the reagent dosing process allow to achieve minimal product losses.
Creation of a control automation system on the example of the coal processing plant
Authors: Shipunov M V , Grachev V V , Myshlyaev L P , Ivushkin K A , Fayrushin Sh A , Makarov G V
Published: August 2020

Creation of automation system for control over technological processes of an preparation plant is considered. The functional structure, technical structure, hardware system solutions based on Hewlett-Packard, Omron and MOXA components, basic software based on Wonderware System Platform 2017 package are considered in detail. The selected hardware tools have reduced system development effort and increased system usability and efficiency.
Geotechnological aspects of mining processes automation
Authors: Kizilov S A , Nikitenko S M , Nikitenko M S
Published: August 2020

The article is devoted to the geotechnologies’ implementation for the mineral resources integrated development on the basis of modern software and hardware systems integrated into the mining enterprise general management system. In particular, the authors discuss a scientific idea, which consists in exploring the possibility of forming technical and technological requirements for the design of robotic systems to ensure the effective and safe release of coal under-roof stratum on the face conveyor based on the use of automation and robotics elements.
Automated visualization of calculation results in the Algozit programming environment
Authors: Kaledin V O , Paulzen A E , Ulyanov A D
Published: August 2020

The functional object diagram of algorithms for constructing a graphical representation of the source and calculated data in the visual programming environment “Algozit” is considered. When defining the functional content of circuit elements (algomats), a built-in interpreted programming language is used, supplemented by graphical operators. Using the built-in language simplifies the modification and support of the developed visual algorithm. Graphic operators use the capabilities of a graphic library built into the visual programming environment. The library allows you to accumulate data on graphic primitives in three-dimensional space and build them in a graphic window in the form of a central projection or stereo image. The graphics window is equipped with display controls.
Steelmaking: current state and development directions
Authors: Protopopov E V , Kalinogorskiy A N , Ganzer L A
Published: August 2020

The analysis of the current state and development directions of steelmaking was performed. The main trends of changes in production, technical and economic indicators of steelmaking in Russian metallurgy are considered. The main directions for the improvement of technological processes are determined.
Current trends in the development of metal forming
Authors: Fastykovskii A R , Prudnikov A N , Nikitin A G , Oskolkova T N
Published: August 2020

Current trends in the development of metal forming methods are considered. Along with the increase in production volumes, the tasks of quality improvement, expansion of the product mix and energy costs reduction are becoming more and more important. To solve the set tasks, the most promising methods are combined processing, such as rolling-pressing, casting-rolling-pressing. The combination of different processing methods in one process allows conditions for the production of new profiles to be created, energy consumption to be reduced. However, the lack of sophistication of the issue in theoretical terms, the few experimental data make it difficult to find optimal modes of shaping and layout of equipment when combining processing methods. To determine the energy-efficient conditions of the rolling-pressing process, the rational layout of the equipment, new dependencies are proposed. Conducted analytical studies have proved that when implementing the rolling-pressing process for each deformation condition in the roll-matrix system, there is an optimal matrix installation location that provides the maximum drawing coefficient with minimal energy consumption. The feasibility range of the combined rolling-pressing process was established, energy-efficient deformation modes were determined, taking into account the design features of the deforming unit and the shape parameters. Recommendations for the rational layout of the deforming unit equipment, carrying out the rolling-pressing process were developed.
Ferroalloy production: state and development trends in the world and Russia
Authors: Rozhikhina I D , Nokhrina O I , Yolkin K S , Golodova M A
Published: August 2020

The indicators of ferroalloys production and consumption in the Russian Federation, as well as the main producers of ferroalloys are presented. The changes in the structure of ferroalloy production in the world and Russia from 2009 to 2018 are shown. The main priority tasks of the domestic ferroalloy industry are listed, the solution of which will help to increase its competitiveness.
Formation of the iron ore pellets structure with differentiated properties
Authors: Pavlovets V M
Published: August 2020

The probable mechanism of the porosity appearance in pellets formed by the technology of forced nucleation is analyzed. A review on the problem of increasing the reactivity of a sintered metallurgical product is carried out. The conditions for optimizing the pore structure of the agglomerated dispersed iron-containing materials are formulated.
The use of titanium diboride to protect the cathodes of aluminum electrolysis cells
Authors: Galevskiy G V , Rudneva V V , Galevskiy S G , Komroni M , Gordiyevsky O I
Published: August 2020

The analysis of modern technical solutions for the protection of the cathodes of electrolysis cell was carried out. The technological variant of obtaining protective coatings based on nanocrystalline titanium diboride is substantiated and proposed. A comparison of the basic and expected indicators of aluminum production is made using cathodes with protective coatings. A technical solution has been developed to organize the production of nanocrystalline titanium diboride. Its main technical and economic indicators are substantiated.
Production of prebaked anodes for aluminum electrolysis cells: dominant trends, technology, quality
Authors: Galevskiy G V , Rudneva V V , Galevskiy S G
Published: August 2020

The analysis of the current state of world and domestic production of calcined anodes for aluminum electrolysis cells is carried out. The dominant trends are identified, the basic technology is described, and directions for its improvement are indicated.
Development of a method for calculating time and solidification coefficient of castings in sand-clay molds
Authors: Deev V B , Prikhodko O G , Prusov E S , Protopopov E V , Temlyantsev M V , Kutsenko A I , Shunqi Mei , Ri E Kh , Smetanyuk S V , Ponomareva K V , Gavrilov G N
Published: August 2020

The mathematical model for calculation of the coefficient and solidification time of castings in sandy-clay form was developed. It takes into account the basic thermophysical parameters of the casting metal and mold material, heat transfer conditions at the crystallization front, at the ‘casting-mold’ interface and on the mold surface.