bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HOW DID THE ASIAN STOCK MARKETS REACT TO BANK MERGERS AFTER THE 1997 FINANCIAL CRISIS?
Authors: Crouzille Céline , Lepetit Laetitia , Bautista Carlos
Published: April 2008

Abstract.  The objective of this paper is to empirically assess the stock market reaction to the announcement of bank mergers and acquisitions (M&As) in eight East Asian countries over the 1997–2003 period. M&As are classified according to the status of entity, the time period of the deal and the maturity of the banking system. A bivariate GARCH model is used to estimate abnormal returns taking beta conditional variability into account. We find that the market reacted negatively to M&As during the crisis period (1997–2000) and also in the less mature banking systems (Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, South Korea and Thailand).
HEDONIC PRICING MODELS FOR VEHICLE REGISTRATION MARKS
Authors: Chong Terence Tai‐Leung , Du Xin
Published: April 2008

Abstract.  This paper attempts to link Chinese numerology to the determination of vehicle registration mark (VRM) prices in Hong Kong through the hedonic pricing analysis. The values of different patterns of the numbers and Roman alphabet letters are examined. We find that there is a very strong preference for the number ‘8’, that visually appealing patterns add great values to a VRM and that the non‐transferable VRMs are more expensive than transferable ones. We also show that their prices move in tandem with the Hang Seng Index. The findings suggest that the government can raise revenue by auctioning off intangible assets containing alphanumerical identification marks.
A new perspective on Darwin’s Pangenesis
Authors: Liu Yongsheng
Published: April 2008

In 1868 Charles Darwin proposed Pangenesis, a developmental theory of heredity. He suggested that all cells in an organism are capable of shedding minute particles he called gemmules, which are able to circulate throughout the body and finally congregate in the gonads. These particles are then transmitted to the next generation and are responsible for the transmission of characteristics from parent to offspring. If any cells of the parent undergo changes as a result of environmental change, they will consequently transmit modified gemmules to their offspring. Soon after Darwin’s pangenetic theory was published, Francis Galton designed a series of blood transfusion experiments on differently pigmented rabbits to test its validity. He found no evidence in support of the existence of Darwin’s gemmules and the concept of Pangenesis was largely abandoned. In this article, recent reports of successful induction of heritable changes by blood transfusion are reviewed. Detection of circulating nucleic acids and prions in plant sap and animal blood is considered as fresh evidence for the existence of gemmules. It is now apparent that a considerable revision of views on Darwin’s Pangenesis must occur before a new comprehensive genetic theory can be achieved.
Visualizing the lateral somitic frontier in the Prx1Cre transgenic mouse
Authors: Durland J. Logan , Sferlazzo Matteo , Logan Malcolm , Burke Ann Campbell
Published: April 2008

Changes in the organization of the musculoskeletal system have accounted for many evolutionary adaptations in the vertebrate body plan. The musculoskeletal system develops from two mesodermal populations: somitic mesoderm gives rise to the axial skeleton and all of the skeletal muscle of the body, and lateral plate mesoderm gives rise to the appendicular skeleton. The recognition of embryonic domains resulting from the dynamics of morphogenesis has inspired new terminology based on developmental criteria. Two mesodermal domains are defined, primaxial and abaxial. The primaxial domain includes musculoskeletal structures comprising just somitic cells. The abaxial domain contains somitic myoblasts in connective tissue derived from lateral plate mesoderm, as well as lateral plate‐derived skeletal structures. The boundary between these two domains is the lateral somitic frontier. Recent studies have described the developmental relationship between these two domains in the chick. In the present study, we describe the labelling pattern in the body of the Prx1/Cre/Z/AP compound transgenic mouse. The enhancer employed in this transgenic leads to reporter expression in the postcranial, somatic lateral plate mesoderm. The boundary between labelled and unlabelled cell populations is described at embryonic day (E)13.5 and E15.5. We argue that the distribution of labelled cells is consistent with the somatic lateral plate lineage, and therefore provides an estimate of the position of the lateral somitic frontier. The role of the frontier in both development and evolution is discussed.
Transnational Organizing in Agrarian Central America: Histories, Challenges, Prospects
Authors: EDELMAN MARC
Published: April 2008

Central America was one of the principal regions where transnational peasant organizing emerged and from which it spread in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Yet by the late 1990s the seemingly powerful transnational peasant coalitions were in disarray. Their successors have had only a modest impact since 2001. The article points to two main sources of weakness in Central America's transnational peasant coalitions: first, a variety of intra‐organizational problems, including political differences, disputes over resources, over‐funding by cooperation agencies, and an emphasis on networking activity, rather than concrete gains, as a measure of success; and second, an external political, economic and demographic environment that has become increasingly unfavourable. Elements of the latter include the long‐term declines in maize and coffee prices, only recently reversed in 2006; the declining importance of agriculture and the imposition of a new economic model centred around industrial and financial activities; and the rapidly growing levels of out‐migration and of dependence of those remaining in the countryside on family remittances and non‐agricultural activities. The article concludes not with definitive arguments, but rather with a series of questions about what might constitute effective strategies for transnational peasant organizing in an extremely problematic context, such as contemporary Central America.
The pedagogical genealogy of Terrance J. Beveridge – A legacy of bonds
Authors: LOWER S. K
Published: April 2008

Terrance J. Beveridge (TJB) was a professor at the University of Guelph for nearly three decades. He died on September 10, 2007. TJB was a pioneer who pushed the frontier of microbiology and bacteriology. His legacy includes 22 postdoctoral scholars and 24 graduate students. His two dozen graduate student progeny have, in turn, mentored at least 52 additional graduate students. This paper presents TJB's pedagogical tree and touches on many of the topics that he studied during his life including: bacteria cell surfaces, biomineralization, biofilms, and geomicrobiology.
Personality: a new positionality?
Authors: Moser Sarah
Published: April 2008

Over the past two decades there has been much focus across the social sciences and humanities on issues of positionality. However, in this literature the related issue of personality has not been a consideration despite its profound ability to shape both the research process and product. This paper draws on the wide body of literature on positionality as well as the work of psychologists concerned with understanding personality and emotional intelligence. Through discussion of my fieldwork experiences in Indonesia, I will illustrate some of the limitations of how positionality has been discussed and make a case for further attention to be paid to how personality affects the process of field research and, by extension, the production of knowledge.
Embodying self‐censorship: studying, writing and communicating
Authors: Ho Elaine Lynn‐Ee
Published: April 2008

Through a study of Singaporean citizenship in the context of Singaporean transnational migration, I consider the workings of self‐censorship that I define as practices of omission arising from perceived or real sensitivities in politico‐social contexts. I suggest that researchers should be attentive to self‐censorship practices enacted by research participants and study this through a triangulation of fieldwork methods. I also reflect on possible self‐censorship practices made by researchers during the writing and communicating stages of research work. My goal is to argue that paying attention to self‐censorship enables us to make sense of and challenge the unequal power relations structuring our everyday worlds.
Cutaneous Manifestations of Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Bernstein Megan L. , McCusker Meagen M. , Grant‐Kels Jane M.
Published: April 2008

Abstract: Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease reported in 1 in 2500 live births in Northern American and Northern European Caucasian populations. Classic disease findings include chronic bacterial infection of airways and sinuses, malabsorption of fat, infertility in men, and elevated concentrations of chloride in sweat. Less well‐recognized findings associated with cystic fibrosis include cutaneous findings, which can be primary or secondary manifestations of the disease process. Patients demonstrate more atopic and drug hypersensitivity reactions than the general population, but have similar rates of urticaria compared with the general population. In atypical presentations of cystic fibrosis, the nutrient deficiency dermatitis of the disease may aid with diagnosis, and notably can be the presenting sign. Other dermatologic manifestations of cystic fibrosis include early aquagenic skin wrinkling and cutaneous vasculitis, which can be associated with arthralgias. Familiarity with the nutrient deficiency dermatitis of this entity may play a role in the timely diagnosis of the disease, and the other cutaneous findings add to our understanding of the protean nature of its manifestations.
Phacomatosis Pigmentovascularis Type Va in a 3‐Month Old
Authors: Larralde Margarita , Santos‐Muñoz Andrea , Cáceres María Rodríguez , Ciardiullo Analía
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  Phacomatosis pigmentovascularis is a rare genodermatosis characterized by a combination of melanocytic nevi and vascular malformations. A new type of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis was recently described which included cutis marmorata telangiectatica congenita and aberrant Mongolian spots and was named type V. We report a 3‐month‐old girl with diagnosis of phacomatosis pigmentovascularis type V.
Vesicular Erythema Multiforme‐like Reaction to Para‐Phenylenediamine in a Henna Tattoo
Authors: Sidwell Rachel U. , Francis Nick D. , Basarab Tamara , Morar Nilesh
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  Allergic contact dermatitis reaction to topical “black henna” tattoo is usually described secondary to the organic dye para‐phenylenediamine, a derivative of analine. Allergic contact dermatitis reactions to para‐phenylenediamine are well recognized and most commonly involve an eczematous reaction that may become generalized and an acute angio‐edema. Only four previous instances have been reported of an erythema multiforme‐like reaction to para‐phenylenediamine and its derivatives, including only one mild reaction to a tattoo. A vesicular erythema multiforme‐like reaction has not been reported. An erythema multiforme‐like reaction to contact allergens is usually caused by potent allergens including plant quinolones in Compositae and sesquiterpene lactones in exotic woods, and it is also reported to topical drugs, epoxy resin, metals (particularly nickel), and various chemicals. A generalized vesicular erythema multiforme‐like reaction is unusual, and rarely reported. We describe a 6‐year‐old boy who developed a localized, eczematous and severe generalized vesicular erythema multiforme‐like contact allergy to para‐phenylenediamine secondary to a henna tattoo. As henna tattoos are becoming increasingly popular, one should be aware of the possibility of such a reaction. This presentation also highlights the call to ban the use of para‐phenylenediamine and its derivatives in dyes.
Unilateral Mosaic Cutaneous Vascular Lesions, Enchondroma, Multiple Soft Tissue Chondromas and Congenital Fibrosarcoma— A Variant of Maffucci Syndrome?
Authors: Katz Peter , Colbert Rand , Drolet Beth
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  The coexistence of enchondromas and vascular lesions characterizes the principal feature of a rare congenital condition known as Maffucci syndrome. We present a 20‐year‐old male with a mosaic distribution of vascular malformations and atrophic overlying dermis and subcutis. Enchondroma and multiple periosteal chondromas of the ipsilateral limb led to the working diagnosis of Maffucci syndrome. Of interest, this patient also has a history of congenital fibrosarcoma with concomitant thrombocytopenia. To our knowledge this is the first report of this constellation of findings, which may represent a form of mesenchymal mosaicism analogous to the Blaschkoid distribution of other genodermatoses.
Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa with One Dominant and One Recessive Mutation of the COL7A1 Gene in a Child with Deafness
Authors: Weinel Sarah , Lucky Anne W. , Uitto Jouni , Pfendner Ellen G. , Choo Daniel
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa can be inherited in autosomal dominant and recessive forms, the former usually expressed as a milder phenotype, although mild forms of recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa can occur. We present a patient who was found to be a compound heterozygote, inheriting a dominant mutation from his father and a recessive mutation from his mother, resulting in a clinically severe case of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Mutations in the gene for collagen VII (COL7A1) have been documented in both types of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Our patient has also been diagnosed with bilateral auditory neuropathy, a disorder coincidentally also mapped to a nearby gene on chromosome 3p21 (the transmembrane inner ear expressed gene, TMIE).
Addison’s Disease, Diffuse Skin, and Mucosal Hyperpigmenation with Subtle “Flu‐like” Symptoms—A Report of Two Cases
Authors: Burk Cynthia J. , Ciocca Giovanna , Heath Candrice R. , Duarte Anna , Dohil Magdalene , Connelly Elizabeth Alvarez
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  Addison’s disease, or chronic adrenocortical insufficiency, is the overproduction of adrenocorticotropic hormone by the pituitary gland as a compensatory mechanism for decreased cortisol production by the adrenal glands. Classically, patients affected with Addison’s disease develop weakness, anorexia, electrolyte imbalances: decreased sodium and chloride with increased serum potassium resulting in hypotension, and hyperpigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes. Herein this case report, we focus on the subtle findings of diffuse hyperpigmentation and intermittent but repetitive “flu‐like” symptoms in two patients to correctly identify the diagnosis of Addison’s disease effectively and efficiently.
Palmoplantar Keratoderma and Skin Grafting: Postsurgical Long‐term Follow‐up of Two Cases with Olmsted Syndrome
Authors: Bédard Marie‐Sophie , Powell Julie , Laberge Louise , Allard‐Dansereau Claire , Bortoluzzi Patricia , Marcoux Danielle
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  Olmsted syndrome is a rare congenital mutilating palmoplantar keratoderma associated with periorificial keratotic plaques. Treatment options include topical keratolytics, systemic retinoids, and debulking procedures. Full‐thickness excision of hyperkeratotic plaques followed by skin grafting has been reported in the medical literature, although long‐term results have not been evaluated. We present two cases of Olmsted syndrome with severe palmoplantar keratoderma treated with excision and skin grafting, along with long‐term clinical results 11 years (patient 1) and 6 years (patient 2) following the initial surgery.
Generalized Congenital Smooth Muscle Hamartoma Presenting with Hypertrichosis, Excess Skin Folds, and Follicular Dimpling
Authors: Holland Kristen E. , Galbraith Sheila S.
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  We describe an interesting patient with a diffuse smooth muscle hamartoma who presented with hypertrichosis, increased skin folds, and follicular dimpling. While smooth muscle hamartoma classically presents as a small hairy, skin‐colored to hyperpigmented patch or plaque, rare presentations with diffuse involvement or follicular papules have been described. We present our patient and review the literature to highlight the diverse and under recognized manifestations of this benign neoplasm.
Sclerodermatous Chronic Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease—A Report of Four Pediatric Cases
Authors: Tolland Julia P. , Devereux Clare , Jones Frank C. G. , Bingham E. Ann
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  The sclerodermatous variant of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease postallogeneic bone marrow transplantation is rare. We present four pediatric cases of sclerodermatous variant of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease describing their clinical appearance, management, and outcomes. We compare the pharmacologic and supportive therapies administered to these patients with the management suggested in the current literature. Several key findings were noted. There was a significantly higher mortality rate observed in this series compared with previous reports, with three of the four patients dying ultimately as a result of sclerodermatous variant of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease. The development of widespread ulceration, in two of the four patients, appeared to be associated with an overall deterioration in the clinical condition. In two patients high‐dose thalidomide at 12 mg/kg/day seemed to halt the progression of cutaneous disease. Optimal care of sclerodermatous variant of chronic graft‐versus‐host disease patients required a multidisciplinary team. A lack of community services observed in this case series led to the need for unnecessarily prolonged inpatient admissions.
First Case Report of Topical Tacalcitol for Vitiligo Repigmentation
Authors: AMANO HIROO , ABE MASATOSHI , ISHIKAWA OSAMU
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  We present a 11‐year‐old girl with an 8‐month history of vitiligo vulgaris on her postcervical, periocular, and periauricular regions. The region topically treated with 0.0002% tacalcitol ointment (vitamin D3 ointment) and sunlight exposure healed completely, while the region treated with the ointment alone did not improve. A combination therapy with tacalcitol ointment and sunlight exposure instead of UV irradiation can be recommended as an alternative therapy for vitiligo vulgaris because the treatment is safe and increases compliance in children.
Dermoscopic Features in Bean (Blue Rubber Bleb Nevus) Syndrome
Authors: MEJÍA‐RODRÍGUEZ SILVIA , VALENCIA‐HERRERA ADRIANA , ESCOBAR‐SÁNCHEZ ARGELIA , MENA‐CEDILLOS CARLOS
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  Dermoscopy has become an important tool for evaluating skin lesions in children. We report the dermoscopic findings in a case of Bean syndrome and emphasize the utility of this technique in vascular lesions.
Beau's Lines and Multiple Periungueal Pyogenic Granulomas After Long Stay in an Intensive Care Unit
Authors: GUHL GUILLERMO , TORRELO ANTONIO , HERNÁNDEZ ANGELA , ZAMBRANO ANTONIO
Published: April 2008

Abstract:  A child developed multiple Beau's lines and periungueal pyogenic granulomas after admission to the intensive care unit. Immobilization, hypoxia, and drugs might have acted as potential causative factors.
Mongolian Spots in Sjögren‐Larsson Syndrome
Authors: WILLEMSEN MICHÈL A. , ROTTEVEEL JAN J.
Published: April 2008

Letters to the Editor are welcomed for publication (subject to editing). Letters must be signed by all authors, typewritten double spaced, and must not exceed two pages of text including references. Two copies of all letters should be submitted along with one copy on disk. Letters should not duplicate material submitted or published in other journals. Prepublication proofs will not be provided.
Chemical Solution‐Deposited BaTiO3 Thin Films on Ni Foils: Microstructure and Interfaces
Authors: Dechakupt Tanawadee , Yang Gaiying , Randall Clive A. , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan , Reaney Ian M.
Published: April 2008

The microstructure and interface quality of chemical solution‐deposited BaTiO3 films on Ni foil were investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The microstructures were found to consist of equiaxed and uniform grains, with average grain sizes for rapid thermal‐annealed films of 12 nm (700°C) and 18 nm (750°C), respectively. Films furnace annealed at 1000°C after a rapid thermal anneal at 700°C showed a grain size of 42 nm. It is believed that the final grain size is limited by the highly reducing atmosphere and also by the existence of well‐developed crystallites resulting from the rapid thermal annealing step. Spatially resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy identified the existence of residual carbon and variations in the oxygen content in BaTiO3 films. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy revealed an interfacial layer of Ni–Ba alloy (5–10 nm thick) between the BaTiO3 and Ni foil.
Professionalism and psychiatry: the profession speaks
Authors: Bhugra D.
Published: April 2008

Objective:  Recently in the USA and the UK, the medical profession as a whole and psychiatry in particular have felt ‘deprofessionalised’. This study aimed to explore ideas about professionalism and the threat of deprofessionalisation from psychiatrists themselves.

Method:  Attendees at three meetings related to the activities of the Royal College of Psychiatrists were invited to respond to a short questionnaire. These were meetings on different days and different people attended these. The questionnaire had only five simple questions. In two meetings, all attendees answered and in the third meeting only two of 20 attendees did so.

Results:  Seventy‐three completed questionnaires were received. Of these, a vast majority, 89% of 66, believed that professionalism is important in modern day clinical practice; key threats to professionalism are the government, the media and other specialties and disciplines. There was broad agreement that the Royal College of Psychiatrists should lead and define professionalism.

Conclusion:  The ownership of professionalism by the professionals themselves is the most important factor; ethics, standards, attitudes and skills are seen as significant components of professionalism and should be taught early to trainees.
Les puits nabatéens de Mad in āli (Arabie Saoudite)
Authors: Courbon Paul
Published: April 2008

Close to the monumental graves, numerous ancient wells, some of which reach a depth of 18 m, were found in the Nabatean site of Madin āli. Their fascinating study was begun by the author, a well‐known speleologist. It required a geomorphological and hydrological approach of the site which established the groundwater level and piezometric contours. Furthermore, research was conducted on the palaeoclimates and present‐day pluviometry, which has concluded that the fall in the groundwater level since antiquity is mainly the result of modern exploitation. Since 1975 the high‐yielding submerged pumps have provided intensive irrigation to the important agriculture of el Hijr, close to the Nabatean site. The wells, their construction, their shape and ancient mechanism are described in this paper.
First evidence of shell fish‐hook technology in the Gulf
Authors: Méry Sophie , Charpentier Vincent , Beech Mark
Published: April 2008

The technology of shell fish‐hooks and line fishing is well attested in the coastal areas of the Indian Ocean during the Neolithic period (fifth–fourth millennium BC). Their presence in the coastal area of the Arabian Gulf is now confirmed by new findings from Akab (Umm al‐Qaiwain) and Shimal (Ra's al‐Khaimah) in the United Arab Emirates.
Architectural decorations from the private buildings in the Market Square at Tamn
Authors: Loreto Romolo
Published: April 2008

The architectural decorations in pre‐Islamic Yemen feature a wide and heterogeneous range of materials. Their many functions cover different fields: domestic, religious, funeral architecture, grave goods (particularly censers and furnishings) and, last but not least, epigraphs. Thus the study of this class of materials requires a two‐fold approach: on the one hand to identify and understand the various ornamental motifs in themselves; on the other to study which types of decorative motifs were applied in various circumstances, and hence what it is that links them to each other and to the structure they adorn. This work aims to provide a foundation for a thorough study of the decorative motifs on stonework in various contexts. We begin by defining the use of architectural decorations in the domestic sphere. The archaeological context of the Market Square at Tamna‘ is particularly suitable, in view of the number of houses brought to light, the amount of related materials found and, above all, because it represents a coherent urban context over a specific period of time.
Task division between dentists and dental hygienists in Norway
Authors: Abelsen Birgit , Olsen Jan A.
Published: April 2008

Abstract –  Objective:  The aim of the study was to investigate the attitudes among dentists and dental hygienists to the policy objective in Norway of delegating more dental work from dentists to dental hygienists.

Method:  A questionnaire was mailed to a random sample of 1111 dentists and 268 dental hygienists in 2005. The response rates were 45% (504) among the dentists and 42% (112) among the dental hygienists. The survey sought to explore any discrepancies between current and preferred mix of different work tasks, as well as attitudes to the idea of substituting dentists with dental hygienists for certain work tasks. Logistic regression was used to analyse how answers differed by respondent characteristics.

Results:  Dentists spent only half of their total working hours on complex dental services, i.e. tasks that only dentists are skilled to undertake. Nearly 40% of their time was spent on tasks that dental hygienists are qualified to perform; examinations, screening and basic treatments. Still, the mix of work tasks that dentists preferred would involve slight changes: on average only 2% points more complex treatment and 3–4% points less of those tasks that dental hygienists are permitted to provide. Seemingly contrary, as many as 60% of dentists answered that it was ‘desirable to delegate’ more tasks to dental hygienist. However, only 21% of the dentists agreed that dental hygienists should be the entry point for dental services. Dental hygienists would prefer to do relatively more basic treatments and fewer examinations and screening, and the vast majority among them supported the idea that they could be the entry point for dental services.

Conclusion:  The results suggest that there will not be major changes in the division of labour between dentists and dental hygienists in Norway, if dentists are to be held responsible for taking such initiatives. Although dentists agree that more of their current work could– in principle – be delegated to dental hygienists, they do not prefer to reduce much of their own current activity of those work tasks that dental hygienists are qualified to perform.
GENERAL HEALTH SCREENING OF FOUR‐YEAR‐OLDS IN A SWEDISH COUNTY
Authors: NILSSON C. , SUNDELIN C. , VUILLE J. C.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. Since 1969, 4‐year‐olds in the County of Uppsala have been offered extensive health screening at the Child Health Centres. In 1969 and 1970 a total of 3810 children underwent the screening procedure. The psychological screening instrument consisted of a questionnaire (to be answered by the parents), an interview of the parents, a psychomotor examination and an observation of the child's behaviour. 156 (4.1 96) 4‐year‐olds were referred to a specialist team for investigation and decision concerning treatment. In the present study the effectiveness of the psychological screening instrument was assessed by its sensitivity, specificity and predictive value. The sensitivity was found to amount to a maximum of 0.73. The specificity was estimated to be 0.98‐0.99, and the positive predictive value to 0.67. The authors consider the effectiveness to be sufficiently high to motivate continuation of the screening procedure for detection of psychological problems in pre‐school age. Efforts should be made, however, to further improve the effectiveness.
IMMUNOLOGIC STUDIES IN PHENYLKETONURIA
Authors: PASSWELL J. , GAZIT E. , EFTER T. , MODAN M. , LILOS P. , COHEN B. E.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. Significantly reduced immunoglobulins were found in 22 patients with phenylketonuria. Tests of cellular immune function which included delayed skin hypersensitivity, T rosettes and PHA transformation were normal. Escherichia coli antibodies and the booster response to tetanus toxoid were also normal.
CHRONIC PULMONARY DISEASE IN A CHILD WITH THE EHLERS‐DANLOS SYNDROME
Authors: CAVANAUGH M. J. , COOPER D. M.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. The presence of chronic pulmonary disease is an uncommon finding in the Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome. The patient discussed herein presented with severe irreversible obstructive pulmonary disease characterized by marked hyperinflation, an increase in static lung compliance, and tracheal dilatation. A largely normal lung biopsy ruled out chronic pulmonary emphysema. Despite the similarity of this patient to those with the Mounier‐Kuhn syndrome, the degree of tracheobronchial enlargement was not as great as is usually seen in this disorder although these anatomic changes may develop with time. The findings in this case demonstrate that any site within the tracheobronchial tree may be involved in the Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome and further emphasize the need to determine the degree of reversibility of obstructive lung disease in children.
HYPERTENSION IN A PATIENT WITH ACRODERMATITIS ENTEROPATHICA
Authors: ÅBERG H. , MICHAËLSSON GERD , WALLDIUS G.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. One patient with acrodermatitis enteropathica complicated by hypertension is presented. The pathogenesis of the markedly elevated blood pressure is unknown. The acrodermatitis healed completely on zinc therapy and parallel to this improvement the hypertension could easily be controlled with a gradually decreased antihypertensive drug dosage.
Non‐Protein Nitrogen and True Protein in Infant Formulas
Authors: DONOVAN SHARON M. , LONNERDAL BO
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. Protein and nitrogen (N) requirements of infants and the optimum protein level of infant formulas are still under debate. Human milk (HM) N is considered adequate although 25 % of the N is provided as non‐protein nitrogen (NPN), half in the form of urea. Soluble N, insoluble N, NPN and urea N were determined in HM and cow's milk (CM), 5 CM‐based infant formulas, 4 soy protein‐based formulas (SF), and manufacturers’ skim milk and whey protein sources. Total, peptide and free amino acids were also determined in all samples. Levels of NPN and urea N in formulas were highly dependent on the type of whey used, with ion‐exchange whey being highest, followed by electrodialyzed and ultrafiltered whey, respectively. SF contained very little NPN with the exception of Soyalac. Consequently, true protein [(Total N‐NPN) × 6.38] was lower than the reported levels in several formulas. Levels of peptide and free amino acids were also affected by the method of whey preparation. While it has been recognized that “casein‐predominant” CM formulas will have different effects on metabolic indices than “whey‐predominant” formulas, this study demonstrates that there are also pronounced differences among “whey‐predominant” formulas.
Predictive Criteria for Successful Growth Promotion in Growth Hormone Therapy of Short Stature: A Comparison between Common Endocrine Parameters and Knemometry
Authors: HERMANUSSEN M. , GEIGER‐BENOIT K. , PARTSCH C.‐J. , BURMEISTER J.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. Due to increased availability of growth hormone (GH) for the treatment of short stature, its use has been proposed for a number of conditions besides classic GH deficiency. We have studied growth response during a one year treatment period with 14 IU/m2/week of GH in a heterogenous group of 24 short children with various conditions associated with short stature (SDS for body height ranging between −2.2 and −4.4). Thirteen children could be classified as “responders” with growth rate increments of 2 cm/yr or more above pretreat‐ment growth rates, and 11 children as “non‐responders”. The children were measured regularly both by stadiometry and knemometry at weekly intervals. GH stimulation by insulin, arginine and spontaneous overnight secretion of GH, and SM‐C generation were evaluated in the children and found to be of no predictive value for the individual responsiveness to GH administration except in one boy with classic GH deficiency. However, serial measurements of the lower leg length provided useful information for individual predictions in 21 out of the 24 children as early as 10 weeks after the start of the GH treatment.
Improved Growth Response to GH Treatment in Irradiated Children
Authors: LANNERING BIRGITTA , ALBERTSSON‐WIKLAND KERSTIN
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. The growth response to two years of GH treatment was studied in fifteen children after radiotherapy for a cranial tumor. The growth response was compared to that of short children (– 2 SD) and that of children with idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD) of similar ages. All children were treated with hGH 0.1 IU/kg/day s.c; which is a higher dose and frequency than previously reported for irradiated children. On this protocol the growth rate increased 5.0 ± 0.5 cm/y (mean ± SEM) the first year and 3.8 ± 0.7 cm/y the second year compared to the growth rate the year before GH‐treatment. Although the net gain in growth was higher than previously reported, the first year growth response was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) compared to that of GHD‐children (7.6 ± 0.5 cm/y) but exceeded (p < 0.05) that of short children (3.4 ± 0.3 cm/y). The median spontaneous 24 h‐GH secretion was 209 mU/I in the short children, 52 mU/I in the irradiated children and 16 mU/1 in the idiopathic GHD children. Thus the growth increment varied inversely to the spontaneous GH secretion observed in the three groups.
The Distribution of the Gene for the Juvenile Type of Gaucher Disease in Sweden
Authors: ISELIUS L. , HILLBORG P.‐O. , LINDSTEN J.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. A study of 30 Swedish families with the Norrbottnian type of Gaucher disease provides evidence for two clusters of the gene, one close to Överkalix in the northern part of the county of Norrbotten and the other in the vicinity of Arvidsjaur in the southern part of the same county. The gene for Gaucher disease in Överkalix appeared later than that in Arvidsjaur. A founder moving from Arvidsjaur to Överkalix during the seventeenth century or two different mutations are the most likely explanations of this finding.
In Vitro Evidence for Impaired Cellular Immune Responsiveness in Children with Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: MANCA F. , PERFUMO F. , KUNKL A. , COSTANTINI M. , GUSMANO R.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. We used mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) as an assay to evaluate in vitro the cellular immune functions of children with chronic renal insufficiency (CRT) or with chronic renal failure (CRF). The proliferative response of lymphocytes from both groups of patients was significantly reduced as compared to the response of control individuals. In addition, the proliferative response of CRF patients treated with hemodialysis was significantly lower than the response of continuous ambulatorial peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. These data confirm that a marked depression of the cellular immune response is detectable in a pediatric population, as predicted from data from the literature on the adult renal failure population.
Follow‐up Study on Children with Infective Endocarditis
Authors: SCHOLLIN J. , BJARKE B. , WESSTRÖM G.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. A follow‐up study on 36 children having had infective endocarditis during the time period 1971–80 was performed. All answered a questionnaire and 33 underwent a complete noninvasive cardiac examination including exercise test. The study comprised 406 patient years. During this time there were four late deaths and three recurrent attacks of endocarditis. Seventeen (47 %) took prophylactic antibiotics. Two patients had been operated on because of the initial infection and another five had developed intracardiac sequelae. An ability index given to each patient before the infection and at the follow‐up showed that as a group these patients were doing well.
Multiple Idiopathic Emboli in a Full Term Neonate
Authors: RAINE J. , DAVIES H. , GAMSU H. R.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. We report a case of multiple idiopathic emboli leading to cerebral infarction and to limb ischaemia in a full term neonate. The increased frequency of diagnosis of cerebral infarction is highlighted. Treatment of cerebral and limb emboli is discussed and the need for further research into the causes and treatment of cerebral infarction is stressed.
Kala‐azar in a Four‐Year‐Old Child 18 Months after Brief Exposure in Malta
Authors: ØRNVOLD K. , CARSTENSEN H. , MAGNUSSEN P. , NIELSEN M. H. , PEDERSEN F. K.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. A four‐year‐old Danish boy developed kala‐azar 18 months after a holiday in Malta. Splenectomy, with liver biopsy, was performed six months after onset of symptoms because of hypersplenism, and the diagnosis of kala‐azar was only made four months later, when the histopathological specimens were reviewed. Previous bone marrow biopsies did not show Leishmania. Treatment with sodium stibogluconate was successful. The development of kala‐azar after one week's stay in an endemic area stresses the importance of including this potentially fatal disease in the differential diagnosis of cases presenting with fever, splenomegaly, and pancytopenia.
Typhoid Fever Diagnosed by Isolation of S. typhi from Gastric Aspirate
Authors: KHOURIEH M. , SCHLESINGER M. , TABACHNIK E. , BIBI H. , ARMONI M. , POLLAK S.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. The diagnosis of typhoid fever (TF) is usually established by culturing 5. typhi from the blood or by serology. In this report we describe three patients in whom the diagnosis of TF was made by the isolation of 5. typhi from gastric contents, despite negative blood urine and stool cultures. Culture of gastric contents has not previously been recognized as a diagnostic tool in this disease.
Gonadotrophin and Growth Hormone Secretion Throughout Puberty
Authors: DE WAAL H. A. DELEMARRE‐VAN , WENNINK J. M. B. , ODINK R. J. H.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. The secretion patterns of gonadotrophin and growth hormone (GH) were investigated in normal healthy children at different stages of pubertal development. The plasma levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and GH were measured at 10‐minute intervals from 12.00 h to 18.00 h and from 24.00 h to 06.00 h using immunoradiometric assays. The levels of follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone were measured hourly. In young prepubertal girls and boys LH was undetectable during the day or night. In children of pubertal chronological age, in whom secondary sexual characteristics had not appeared (stage 1 onset), LH was detectable during the night only. With the progression of puberty there was a gradual increase in the secretion of LH, resulting from increases in both the frequency and amplitude of LH pulses. There was a clear increase in the secretion of FSH during day and night from stage 2 onwards. The secretion of GH also increased with the progression of puberty, due to an increase in pulse amplitude. The increase in GH secretion did not appear to be related to the increase in LH secretion, but rather to changes in the sex steroids.
Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Analogues as Therapeutic Probes in Human Growth and Development: Evidence from Children with Central Precocious Puberty
Authors: BOEPPLE P. A. , CROWLEY W. F.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. Statural growth and skeletal development were assessed in 87 girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) during gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa)‐induced suppression of gonadarche. Before the start of therapy, mean chronological age (CA) was 6.3 years and mean bone age (BA) was 10.6 years. During up to 6 consecutive years of complete suppression of gonadal sex steroid secretion, the mean height velocity decreased from 10.8 cm/year to prepubertal rates. At each interval height velocity was found to be inversely and negatively correlated with BA such that girls with advanced BAs grew at rates well below prepubertal norms but appropriately for their degree of skeletal maturation. Skeletal maturation similarly slowed during prolonged GnRHa administration (ABA/ACA = 0.6 ± 0.1 over 3 years, mean ± SD, n = 66) and was also negatively correlated with the BA before the start of therapy. Predicted adult height increased progressively during therapy; however, when analysed as changes in height SDS(BA), the impact of treatment was variable and correlated positively with the initial degree of skeletal maturation. The effect of GnRHa therapy on growth in children with CPP requires long‐term study and is best analysed by employing a developmental perspective.
Long‐Term Results with a Slow‐Release Gonadotrophin‐Releasing Hormone Agonist in Central Precocious Puberty
Authors: OOSTDUK W. , DROP S. L. S. , ODINK R. J. H. , HÜMMELINK R. , PARTSCH C. J. , SIPPELL W. G.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. As part of an ongoing international multicentre study, 19 children (14 girls, 5 boys) with central precocious puberty (CPP) were treated with a slow‐release gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, triptorelin, for 4 years. After 3 years of treatment, height velocity stabilized at 4.0 cm/year. Predicted adult height (mean ± SD) increased from 158.9 ± 6.8 to 164.9 ± 6.6 cm in girls (n = 14, p < 0.01), and from 174.4 ± 18.5 to 184.3 ± 17.1 cm in boys (n = 4, p < 0.05). In 12 additional girls who had started the multicentre study but discontinued triptorelin treatment after 2.2 ± 0.5 years, menses started 9.8 ± 3.7 months after cessation of treatment in all but one patient. Height velocity increased over the first 6 months after discontinuation of treatment, from 3.6 ± 0.1 to 5.4 ± 2.5 cm/year, and remained higher than pretreatment values in the second 6 months, but decreased subsequently. Bone maturation increased, and no significant improvement in predicted adult height was observed. For auxological reasons, therefore, it may be advisable to continue triptorelin treatment for as long as possible. Concomitant growth hormone (GH) therapy was initiated in three girls with CPP with height velocities of 3.2–3.6 cm/year after 3 years of treatment with triptorelin and predicted adult heights of less than the third centile for Dutch girls. Prior to the administration of GH, all patients had subnormal 24‐hour GH profiles and GH responses to arginine provocation. GH treatment increased height velocity markedly in all girls, and improved predicted adult height. It is concluded that triptorelin therapy improves predicted adult height. In children with CPP and genetic short stature, with a markedly decreased height velocity during triptorelin therapy, concomitant administration of a GnRH agonist and GH may have advantages. Further extensive studies are required.
Management of Growth Hormone Deficiency Through Puberty
Authors: STANHOPE R. , URUENA M. , HINDMARSH P. , LEIPER A. D. , BROOK C. G. D.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. As a model of the growth hormone (GH) dependence of growth in prepuberty and puberty, the growth of 182 children (93 boys, 89 girls) who survived in first remission for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia was examined. Chemotherapy regimens, including intrathecal methotrexate, were similar in all patients, but CNS treatment differed, in that one group received 2400 cGy cranial irradiation, while the other received 1800 cGy. There was a significant decrease in height SDS during prepuberty, which was equivalent in both sexes, whereas there was a much greater decrease in pubertal growth in girls than in boys. Girls treated with the lower dose regimen of cranial irradiation had their onset of pubertal maturation significantly advanced, to a mean of 9.9 years (p < 0.001). Previous studies have indicated that the duration of puberty is shortened by GH treatment in patients with idiopathic multiple pituitary hormone deficiency or isolated GH deficiency (GHD). To determine whether an increase in the dose of GH administered during the adolescent growth spurt would improve final height, a prospective randomized trial was performed in 32 children (25 boys, 7 girls) with isolated GHD treated with a GH dose regimen of 15 IU/m2/week as daily s.c. injections. At the onset of the pubertal growth spurt, the patients were randomized either to an unchanged dose or to 30 IU/m2/week. There was no significant change in height velocity with the doubled dose of GH, but there was a trend in the advancement of pubertal maturation which was considered to be dose related. It is suggested that these findings are of relevance to the treatment of GHD in puberty, especially in girls with early or precocious puberty occurring as a consequence of low‐dose cranial irradiation. It is concluded that optimum final heights may not be achieved in these patients without the therapeutic manipulation of the onset and/or duration of puberty.
Conversion of Diurnal Plasma Hormone Concentration Profiles into Secretion Rates
Authors: GROTH T. L.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. Various methods for the calculation of hormone secretion rates from plasma hormone concentration time‐series are described. Problems related to the description of the basic processes of hormone kinetics, including secretory pulsatility, distribution, and elimination are discussed, as well as methods for the experimental validation of models. Computer modelling and simulation techniques are shown to be very useful in this respect. It is suggested that more sophisticated biophysical models are developed to describe hormone dynamics more accurately, for example, with regard to kinetically different molecular forms of the same hormone, and to the interaction of hormones with hormone‐binding proteins. Such models would provide the basis for more accurate estimation of hormone secretion rates.
Synchronization of Hormonal Time Series: Analytical Approaches
Authors: MERRIAM G. R. , WACHTER K. W. , MA N. , LIU L.
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT. Comparison of the patterns of episodic secretion of two or more hormones measured simultaneously often suggests that peak levels tend to occur at around the same time. This visual impression can be misleading, however, as some peaks will occur simultaneously due to chance alone. Traditional cross‐correlation methods are suitable for evaluating linkages among circadian and other smoothly varying rhythms, but are less well suited to correlating ultradian peaks. This paper proposes a method which entails identifying peaks of hormone secretion as discrete events in several different series, and counting the frequency of simultaneous and near‐simultaneous peaks in temporal ‘windows’ of increasing width. The expected rates of random coincidences can be assessed by a variety of methods, including simulations and probability calculations. The method described utilizes simple techniques which make few assumptions about the character or stationarity of the series, comparing coincidence rates in the appropriately paired series with those in which a series in one subject is deliberately ‘mismatched’ with that of another subject. Using this approach, a significant excess of simultaneous peaks of luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin was found in normal subjects as compared with mismatched series (17%versus 6%; p < 0.05). Hypogonadotrophic men treated with pulsatile gonadotrophin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) have an even higher coincidence rate (26%). By contrast, the rate of coincidence between pulses of LH and Cortisol is not significantly greater than that which would be expected due to chance.