bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Greybody factors for higher-dimensional non-commutative geometry inspired black holes
Authors: Cox Zachary , Gingrich Douglas M
Published: July 2023

Greybody factors are computed for massless fields of spin 0, 1/2, 1, and 2 emitted from higher-dimensional non-commutative geometry inspired black holes. Short-range potentials are used with path-ordered matrix exponentials to numerically calculate transmission coefficients. The resulting absorption cross sections and emission spectra are computed on the brane and compared with the higher-dimensional Schwarzschild–Tangherlini black hole. A non-commutative black hole at its maximum temperature in seven extra dimensions will radiate a particle flux and power of 0.72–0.81 and 0.75–0.81, respectively, times lower than a Schwarzschild–Tangherlini black hole of the same temperature. A non-commutative black hole at its maximum temperature in seven extra dimensions will radiate a particle flux and power of 0.64–0.72 and 0.60–0.64, respectively, times lower than a Schwarzschild–Tangherlini black hole of the same mass.
Spin wave based weak magnetic field measurement at room temperature using magnonic crystal
Authors: Chauhan Kinjal A , Sharma Anuj K , Prajapati Yogendra Kumar
Published: July 2023

We describe a weak magnetic field sensor operating at room temperature based on the magnonic crystal (MC). MC consisting of periodic stripes of cobalt (Co) and permalloy (Py) in one dimension is studied. The magnonic bandgaps are calculated by solving the eigenvalue problem of the Landau–Lifshitz equation using the finite element method. Magnonic bandgap frequency shifts depend upon the external magnetic field and this phenomenon is utilized for magnetic field sensing. The sensitivity characteristics of MCs with dispersion spectra in the gigahertz (GHz) frequency range are studied. It is found that the sensor’s performance gets enhanced for smaller thickness and larger periodicity. The sensitivity reaches a magnitude as large as 66.0 GHz T−1 for 10 nm thickness and 1 μm periodicity. Our analysis indicates that a limit of detection (LOD) of the order of 10−11 T can be achieved for all the geometric configurations considered in the 0–1 T range. The results are explained in terms of corresponding fundamental concepts and phenomena. Further, our simulation results show that the typical gap (e.g. 1 nm) between Co and Py stripes does not significantly affect the sensitivity of the sensor. The results also indicate that any small variation (e.g. 1 nm) in MC thickness may lead to reasonable variation in sensitivity magnitudes. Moreover, the proposed sensor’s performance is significantly superior (in terms of sensitivity, LOD, miniaturization, and material, etc) to the currently available state-of-the-art magnetometers.
A recognition method of less databases by using decoupling parallel CNN based on multiple feature with DAS
Authors: Huang Sheng , Chai Quan , Jia Muxin , Tian Ye , Lewis Elfed , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: July 2023

The integration of artificial intelligence and distributed fiber optic acoustic sensing technology (DAS) has yielded remarkable results in recent years; however, some application scenarios face the challenge of acquiring an adequate amount of data for higher network accuracy. To address this issue, we propose a decoupling parallel convolutional neural network (DPCNN) that relies on multiple feature inputs to achieve higher accuracy while using smaller databases. Our model offers excellent recognition of five events, including background noise, footstep, digging, car passing, and climbing fence, with an accuracy rate of up to 94.9%. The DPCNN is a parallel and lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) that boasts a short training time of only 3.76 s per epoch and a test time of 0.1175 s, with superior network convergence. In comparison to a mature single-branch CNN based on mixed images of time-frequency and time-space, the DPCNN accuracy is 6.4% higher. Our model demonstrates excellent performance across various databases and can achieve recognition accuracy of up to 98.7% with larger databases. Finally, we show the broad range of applications available for DPCNN based on multiple feature inputs when using a mature single-branch replacement in each branch of a two-branch network.
Empirical Ramanujan decomposition and iterative envelope spectrum for fault diagnosis
Authors: Cheng Jian , Yang Yu , Hu Niaoqing , Cheng Zhe , Cheng Junsheng
Published: July 2023

Ramanujan Fourier mode decomposition obtains components by scanning from low frequency to high frequency, which will cause too many components, and then the fault information in mode components is incomplete. Based on this, the empirical Ramanujan decomposition (ERD) method is proposed. Firstly, ERD uses the optimized lowest minima technique to segment the spectrum and determines the segmentation boundary and the number of components. Subsequently, ERD constructs the filter bank for filtering and retains the spectral components corresponding to the main frequency band. Finally, the time domain components are recovered by the inverse Ramanujan Fourier transform. To further improve the capability of envelope spectrum (ES), an iterative ES (IES) method is proposed. IES enhances the periodic components through iterative envelope to make the fault feature more conspicuous. The analysis results of simulation and experimental signals show that the ERD and IES can extract features effectively.
Temperature and strain SAW/BAW sensors on metallic substrates with RFID capability
Authors: Mengue Prince , Paulmier Baptiste , Hage-Ali Sami , Noirel Cyril , Poncot Marc , Floer Cécile , M’Jahed Hamid , Shvetsov Alexander , Zhgoon Sergei , Nicolay Pascal , Elmazria Omar
Published: July 2023

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) strain sensors require an adhesive—typically a glue—for the mounting on the part under measurement. This comes with strain-transfer, reproducibility and aging issues. In this paper, we propose a novel glue-less solution where the SAW sensor is directly fabricated onto the surface of interest, here a metallic substrate. Here, we study the layered structure ZnO/Ti numerically and experimentally, with ZnO as the piezoelectric layer and titanium as the substrate. In this structure, both bulk acoustic waves and SAW can propagate, and we used both of them to monitor temperature variations up to 300 °C and strain levels up to 1800μϵ. Moreover, reflective delay line (R-DL) designs were used, to provide the future users with radio frequency identification functionalities. In order to overcome the limitations due to the relatively low electromechanical coupling coefficient of ZnO/Ti, a specific R-DL layout with connected inter-digital transducers was used. The obtained experimental results confirm that the proposed glue-less R-DL structure is a promising solution for the independent evaluation of temperature and strain, with identification.
Shape recovery and mechanical properties investigation of carbon fiber dispersed bisphenol-A based epoxy composite
Authors: Yadav Avadesh , Kumar Singh Sourabh , Das Sreetam , Kumar Satish , Kumar Abhishek
Published: July 2023

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are employed in a wide range of fields because to their appealing properties, which include low density, low production costs, and ease of processing. In the present work, SMP composites were developed using ultrasonic mixing of carbon fiber (CF) and amorphous epoxy to enhance the properties of epoxy and shape memory effect. The prepared composites were tested for mechanical and shape memory properties. Flexural strength and tensile strength of pristine epoxy enhanced after dispersing 1% CF which are about 12.7% and 16.2%, respectively, higher than pristine epoxy. Fracture toughness of epoxy improves after adding 1% CF which is about 94.05% higher compared to pristine epoxy. UV–vis-NIR showed reduction in energy bandgap. Shape fixity and shape recovery ratios for pristine epoxy was 98.49% and 93.40%, respectively. These ratios decrease to 90.52% and 87.86%, respectively with addition of 1.5 wt.% CF. However, recovery time improves from 57 s to 33 s with addition of 1.5 wt.% CF in epoxy. Shape recovery rate enhances with CF reinforcement in epoxy composite.
Final ion yields upon the cascade decay of single K, L, M, and N vacancies in atomic silver
Authors: Chaynikov A P , Kochur A G , Dudenko A I , Yavna V A
Published: July 2023

Final ion yields and mean final ion charges upon the cascade decay of single vacancies in the K, L, M, and N shells of atomic silver are calculated using the method of construction and analysis of the decay trees with accounting for the shake-offs caused by the change of atomic core potential due to cascade transitions. The shake-off effect on the final ion yields is found to be comparatively small, the largest increase of the mean final ion charge being 0.20e in the case of initial 2s vacancy. Total semi-relativistic Pauli–Fock energies of cascade-produced ionic configurations were used to calculate cascade transition energies, which made it possible to accurately account for the closing of some non-radiative transitions in multivacancy cascade configurations. For the transitions with overlapping multiplets of initial and final ionic configurations, only energetically allowed transitions between the multiplet components were counted when calculating mean transition energies and transitions branching ratios. Comparison of calculated charge spectra with those reported earlier by other authors demonstrated crucial importance of accurate calculation of transition energies and accounting for multiplet splitting in simulation of cascades in heavy atoms.
Influence of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of pulsed Nd: YAG laser welded dissimilar sheets of Hastelloy C-276 and monel 400
Authors: Shanthos Kumar G , Sivamaran V , Lokanadham R , Raju C , Mandal T K
Published: July 2023

The study involved using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser welded Hastelloy C-276-Monel 400 dissimilar sheet by the process parameters viz. a pulse energy of 10 J, pulse repetition rate of 20 Hz and pulse duration of 0.006 s under spot weld mode. The objective was to investigate the effects of various post weld heat treatment (PWHT) conditions on the welded sheets. Microscopic analysis showed that the fusion zone and interfaces between the two metals contained smaller dendritic grains containing chromium-rich carbides and nickel-rich oxides. Both the Hastelloy C-276 and Monel 400 interfaces exhibited these traits. The PWHT of the quenched weld (water cooling) produced higher mechanical strength, while the annealed weld (furnace cooling) resulted in lower strength. Tensile failures were observed in the fusion zone for quenched and normalized welds, and in the base alloy of Hastelloy C-276 side for annealed weld under ductile fracture mode. XRD analysis showed the presence of more secondary phases and intermetallic compounds in the fusion zone and Hastelloy C-276 side in the annealed weld. The corrosion study indicated that the fusion zone and Monel 400 side had better corrosion resistance, followed by the Hastelloy C-276 side.
Collective dynamics of two coupled Hopfield inertial neurons with different activation functions: theoretical study and microcontroller implementation
Authors: Madasamy Ettappan , Boui a Boya Bertrand Frederick , Kengne Jacques , Rajagopal Karthikeyan
Published: July 2023

This work deals with the regular and chaotic dynamics of a system made up of two Hopfield-type neurons with two different activation functions: the hyperbolic tangent function and the Crespi function. The mathematical model is in the form of an autonomous differential system of order four with odd symmetry. The analysis highlights nine equilibrium points and four of these points experience a Hopf bifurcation at the same critical value of a control parameter which can be either the diss1ipation parameter or one of the coupling coefficients. This makes plausible the presence of four parallel bifurcation branches as well as the coexistence of multiple attractors in the behavior of the system. One of the highlights revealed in this work is the coexistence of three double-scroll type attractors of particular topology as well as the presence of a four-spiral attractor. Furthermore, the coexistence of both self-excited and hidden dynamics is also reported. All this plethora of dynamics is elucidated by making use of the usual tools for analyzing nonlinear systems such as bifurcation diagrams, the maximum of Lyapunov exponent, basins of attractions as well as phase portraits. A physical implementation of the microcontroller-based system is envisaged in order to confirm the plethora of behaviors observed theoretically.
Retracted: Exploring new optical solutions for nonlinear Hamiltonian amplitude equation via two integration schemes
Authors: Tarla Sibel , Ali Karmina K , Yusuf Abdullahi
Published: July 2023

This research explores the Jacobi elliptic expansion function method and a modified version of the Sardar sub-equation method to discover new exact solutions for the nonlinear Hamiltonian amplitude equation. By applying these techniques, the study seeks to uncover previously unknown solutions for this equation, contributing to the understanding of its behavior and opening up new possibilities for its applications. The solutions obtained using these methods are represented by hyperbolic, trigonometric, and exponential functions, and they include optical dark-bright, periodic, singular, and bright solutions. The dynamic behaviors of these solutions are demonstrated by selecting appropriate values for physical parameters. By assigning values to these parameters, the study aims to showcase how the solutions of the nonlinear Hamiltonian amplitude equation behave under different conditions. This analysis provides insights into the system’s response and enables a deeper comprehension of its complex dynamics in various scenarios, contributing to the overall understanding of the equation’s behavior and potential real-world implications. Overall, these methods are effective in analyzing and obtaining analytic solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations.
Systematic error mitigation for the PIXIE Fourier transform spectrometer
Authors: Kogut A. , Fixsen Dale , Aghanim Nabila , Chluba Jens , Chuss David T. , Delabrouille Jacques , Hensley Brandon S. , Hill J. Colin , Maffei Bruno , Pullen Anthony R. , Rotti Additya , Switzer Eric R. , Woillack Edward J. , Zelko Ioana
Published: July 2023

The Primordial Inflation Explorer (PIXIE) is an
Explorer-class mission concept to measure the spectrum and
polarization of the cosmic microwave background. Cosmological
signals are small compared to the instantaneous instrument noise,
requiring strict control of instrumental signals. The instrument
design provides multiple levels of null operation, signal
modulation, and signal differences, with only few-percent systematic
error suppression required at each level. Jackknife tests based on
discrete instrument symmetries provide an independent means to
identify, model, and remove remaining instrumental signals. We use
detailed time-ordered simulations, including realistic performance
and tolerance parameters, to evaluate the instrument response to
broad classes of systematic errors for both spectral distortions and
polarization. The largest systematic errors contribute additional
white noise at the few-percent level compared to the dominant photon
noise. Coherent instrumental effects which do not integrate down
are smaller still, and remain several orders of magnitude below the
targeted cosmological signals.
Versatile wavelength tunable noise-like pulse generation from an erbium doped fiber laser using an intra-cavity Michelson interferometer
Authors: C R Santosh , Gowrishankar R , Srivastava Shailesh
Published: July 2023

We report, versatile wavelength tunable mode locked noise-like pulses (NLP) from an erbium doped fiber ring laser, using a novel intra-cavity Michelson interferometer (MI) as a tunable filter. Our results demonstrate independent control of the central wavelength and the bandwidth using fine and coarse controls in one arm of the MI. The central wavelength is continuously tunable across the entire C-band (1530 nm to 1566 nm), while the bandwidth can be varied from 3 nm to 19.5 nm. The NLPs have a repetition rate of 1.307 MHz with pulse energies of ∼1 nJ. Additionally, harmonic mode-locked states and NLP pairs can also be produced using the same laser. On account of the adaptable output spectrum, we believe, such lasers will be useful for a variety of applications including sensing, spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography. The MI-based fiber laser can also serve as an ideal platform for gaining insight and exploring the rich dynamics of NLPs.
The influence of E× B drift on tungsten target erosion and W impurity transport during neon seeding on EAST
Authors: Wang Yilin , Sang Chaofeng , Zhao Xuele , Wu Yihan , Zhou Qingrui , Zhang Yanjie , Wang Dezhen
Published: July 2023

Mitigating tungsten (W) wall erosion and core accumulation are vitally important for the steady-state operation of tokamaks. It is well known that drifts have a great impact on the transport of charged particles in the edge region, which could affect W source and W impurity transport. In this work, SOLPS-ITER modeling is applied to study the W impurity behavior on EAST during neon seeding with the consideration of E× B drift. The objective is to establish the relationship between the eroded W flux, W transport and the corresponding accumulation in the core in different discharge regimes. The effects of drift on W sputtering at targets and W impurity distribution in the cases of different toroidal magnetic field (B
t) directions are assessed. The simulation results indicate that drift could influence W transport via W impurity retention and redistribution in the divertor, and the leakage from the divertor. In forward B
t (B× ∇B points to the X-point), eroded W flux at the outer target is increased remarkably, and most of the W ions transport from the outer to the inner divertor and escape to the upstream region in the high field side. W ions mainly transport from the inner to the outer divertor and escape from the divertor in the low field side in reversed B
t due to the opposite drift flux. The Ne puffing rate is scanned in forward B
t and without-drift cases to further investigate the W erosion and W impurity transport in different divertor regimes. It is found that the W source from targets is generally enhanced by drift compared to cases without drift. The core accumulation, as well as poloidal asymmetry, is also influenced significantly by the drift. In the attached regime, the intense W source and strong drift flux lead to enhanced W accumulation in the core, and obvious poloidal asymmetry of W density distribution appears. The drift flux is reduced and W erosion is suppressed after detachment. W concentration in the core and poloidal asymmetry consequently decline. Therefore, adequate Ne impurity seeding can be applied to control the W accumulation in the core.
Review of the applications of principles of insect hearing to microscale acoustic engineering challenges
Authors: Díaz-García Lara , Latham Brendan , Reid Andrew , Windmill James
Published: July 2023

When looking for novel, simple, and energy-efficient solutions to engineering problems, nature has proved to be an incredibly valuable source of inspiration. The development of acoustic sensors has been a prolific field for bioinspired solutions. With a diverse array of evolutionary approaches to the problem of hearing at small scales (some widely different to the traditional concept of ‘ear’), insects in particular have served as a starting point for several designs. From locusts to moths, through crickets and mosquitoes among many others, the mechanisms found in nature to deal with small-scale acoustic detection and the engineering solutions they have inspired are reviewed. The present article is comprised of three main sections corresponding to the principal problems faced by insects, namely frequency discrimination, which is addressed by tonotopy, whether performed by a specific organ or directly on the tympana; directionality, with solutions including diverse adaptations to tympanal structure; and detection of weak signals, through what is known as active hearing. The three aforementioned problems concern tiny animals as much as human-manufactured microphones and have therefore been widely investigated. Even though bioinspired systems may not always provide perfect performance, they are sure to give us solutions with clever use of resources and minimal post-processing, being serious contenders for the best alternative depending on the requisites of the problem.
Downscaling ERA5 wind speed data: a machine learning approach considering topographic influences
Authors: Hu Wenxuan , Scholz Yvonne , Yeligeti Madhura , Bremen Lueder von , Deng Ying
Published: July 2023

Energy system modeling and analysis can provide comprehensive guidelines to integrate renewable energy sources into the energy system. Modeling renewable energy potential, such as wind energy, typically involves the use of wind speed time series in the modeling process. One of the most widely utilized datasets in this regard is ERA5, which provides global meteorological information. Despite its broad coverage, the coarse spatial resolution of ERA5 data presents challenges in examining local-scale effects on energy systems, such as battery storage for small-scale wind farms or community energy systems. In this study, we introduce a robust statistical downscaling approach that utilizes a machine learning approach to improve the resolution of ERA5 wind speed data from around 31 km × 31 km to 1 km × 1 km. To ensure optimal results, a comprehensive preprocessing step is performed to classify regions into three classes based on the quality of ERA5 wind speed estimates. Subsequently, a regression method is applied to each class to downscale the ERA5 wind speed time series by considering the relationship between ERA5 data, observations from weather stations, and topographic metrics. Our results indicate that this approach significantly improves the performance of ERA5 wind speed data in complex terrain. To ensure the effectiveness and robustness of our approach, we also perform thorough evaluations by comparing our results with the reference dataset COSMO-REA6 and validating with independent datasets.
Corrigendum: A continuous constraint satisfaction problem for the rigidity transition in confluent tissues (2023 J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.
56 115003)
Authors: Urbani Pierfrancesco
Published: July 2023

We correct equation (17) and descendants of the original paper and the figures 1–3.
Bismut Ricci flat generalized metrics on compact homogeneous spaces
Authors: Lauret Jorge , Will Cynthia
Published: July 2023

A generalized metric on a manifoldMM, i.e., a pair(g,H)(g,H), whereggis a Riemannian metric andHHa closed33-form, is a fixed point of the generalized Ricci flow if and only if(g,H)(g,H)is Bismut Ricci flat:HHisgg-harmonic andRc(g)=14Hg2Rc(g)=\tfrac {1}{4}H_g^2. On any homogeneous spaceM=G/KM=G/K, whereG=G1×G2G=G_1\times G_2is a compact semisimple Lie group with two simple factors, under some mild assumptions, we exhibit a Bismut Ricci flatGG-invariant generalized metric, which is proved to be unique among a44-parameter space of metrics in many cases, including whenKKis neither abelian nor semisimple. On the other hand, ifKKis simple and the standard metric is Einstein on bothG1/π1(K)G_1/\pi _1(K)andG2/π2(K)G_2/\pi _2(K), we give a one-parameter family of Bismut Ricci flatGG-invariant generalized metrics onG/KG/Kand show that it is most likely pairwise non-homothetic by computing the ratio of Ricci eigenvalues. This is proved to be the case for every space of the formM=G×G/ΔKM=G\times G/\Delta Kand forM35=SO(8)×SO(7)/G2M^{35}=SO(8)\times SO(7)/G_2.
Belonging-in-Interaction: Expressing and Performing Translocal Belongings Through Language and Arts Practice
Authors: Simpson James , Bradley Jessica
Published: July 2023

This paper explores belonging, in a context of mobility. For newcomers to a country, their belongings are multiple and uncertain, as they retain links with the place they have left while attempting to attain legitimacy as members of the new society. We ask how recent migrants to the UK who are adult migrant language learners express and perform their understandings of belonging in a participatory arts project. In so doing, we uncover how the participants’ belongings, as they emerge in interaction, both shape and are shaped during the phases of co-production. We take into account the range of communicative resources including but also beyond language, deployed trans-semiotically in participatory arts practice. This trans-orientation allows insights into the interactive character of belonging in the process of preparing the arts performance that might otherwise go unnoticed. We conclude that our perspective on belonging-in-interaction presents a challenge to dominant discourses relating to social integration for new arrivals, where a narrow focus on the learning and use of the main societal language is a prerequisite for belonging.
To eat, or not to eat: a phantom decoy affects information-gathering behavior by a free-ranging mammalian herbivore
Authors: Orlando Cristian Gabriel , Banks Peter B , Latty Tanya , McArthur Clare
Published: July 2023

When foraging, making appropriate food choices is crucial to an animal’s fitness. Classic foraging ecology theories assume animals choose food of greatest benefit based on their absolute value across multiple dimensions. Consequently, poorer options are considered irrelevant alternatives that should not influence decision-making among better options. But heuristic studies demonstrate that irrelevant alternatives (termed decoys) can influence the decisions of some animals, indicating they use a relative rather than absolute evaluation system. Our aim was to test whether a decoy influenced the decision-making process—that is, information-gathering and food choice—of a free-ranging mammalian herbivore. We tested swamp wallabies, Wallabia bicolor, comparing their behavior toward, and choice of, two available food options over time in the absence or presence of the decoy. We used a phantom decoy—unavailable option—and ran two trials in different locations and seasons. Binary preferences (decoy absent) for the two available food options differed between trials. Irrespective of this difference, across both trials the presence of the decoy resulted in animals more likely to overtly investigate available food options. But, the decoy only shifted food choice, weakly, in one trial. Our results indicate that the decoy influenced the information-gathering behavior during decision-making, providing the first evidence that decoys can affect decision-making process of free-ranging mammalian herbivores in an ecologically realistic context. It is premature to say these findings confirm the use of relative evaluation systems. Whether the foraging outcome is more strongly affected by other decoys, food dimensions, or ecological contexts, is yet to be determined.
AFEI: adaptive optimized vertical federated learning for heterogeneous multi-omics data integration
Authors: Wang Qingyong , He Minfan , Guo Longyi , Chai Hua
Published: July 2023

Vertical federated learning has gained popularity as a means of enabling collaboration and information sharing between different entities while maintaining data privacy and security. This approach has potential applications in disease healthcare, cancer prognosis prediction, and other industries where data privacy is a major concern. Although using multi-omics data for cancer prognosis prediction provides more information for treatment selection, collecting different types of omics data can be challenging due to their production in various medical institutions. Data owners must comply with strict data protection regulations such as European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation. To share patient data across multiple institutions, privacy and security issues must be addressed. Therefore, we propose an adaptive optimized vertical federated-learning-based framework adaptive optimized vertical federated learning for heterogeneous multi-omics data integration (AFEI) to integrate multi-omics data collected from multiple institutions for cancer prognosis prediction. AFEI enables participating parties to build an accurate joint evaluation model for learning more information related to cancer patients from different perspectives, based on the distributed and encrypted multi-omics features shared by multiple institutions. The experimental results demonstrate that AFEI achieves higher prediction accuracy (6.5% on average) than using single omics data by utilizing the encrypted multi-omics data from different institutions, and it performs almost as well as prognosis prediction by directly integrating multi-omics data. Overall, AFEI can be seen as an efficient solution for breaking down barriers to multi-institutional collaboration and promoting the development of cancer prognosis prediction.
Online inference with debiased stochastic gradient descent
Authors: Han Ruijian , Luo Lan , Lin Yuanyuan , Huang Jian
Published: July 2023

We propose a debiased stochastic gradient descent algorithm for online statistical inference with high-dimensional data. Our approach combines the debiasing technique developed in high-dimensional statistics with the stochastic gradient descent algorithm. It can be used to construct confidence intervals efficiently in an online fashion. Our proposed algorithm has several appealing aspects: as a one-pass algorithm, it reduces the time complexity; in addition, each update step requires only the current data together with the previous estimate, which reduces the space complexity. We establish the asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator under mild conditions on the sparsity level of the parameter and the data distribution. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed debiased stochastic gradient descent algorithm attains nominal coverage probability. Furthermore, we illustrate our method with analysis of a high-dimensional text dataset.
Speech and language markers of neurodegeneration: a call for global equity
Authors: García Adolfo M , de Leon Jessica , Tee Boon Lead , Blasi Damián E , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa
Published: July 2023

In the field of neurodegeneration, speech and language assessments are useful for diagnosing aphasic syndromes and for characterizing other disorders. As a complement to classic tests, scalable and low-cost digital tools can capture relevant anomalies automatically, potentially supporting the quest for globally equitable markers of brain health. However, this promise remains unfulfilled due to limited linguistic diversity in scientific works and clinical instruments.

Here we argue for cross-linguistic research as a core strategy to counter this problem.

First, we survey the contributions of linguistic assessments in the study of primary progressive aphasia and the three most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders worldwide—Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia. Second, we address two forms of linguistic unfairness in the literature: the neglect of most of the world’s 7000 languages and the preponderance of English-speaking cohorts. Third, we review studies showing that linguistic dysfunctions in a given disorder may vary depending on the patient’s language and that English speakers offer a suboptimal benchmark for other language groups. Finally, we highlight different approaches, tools and initiatives for cross-linguistic research, identifying core challenges for their deployment.

Overall, we seek to inspire timely actions to counter a looming source of inequity in behavioural neurology.
Clinical and cellular phenotypes resulting from a founder mutation in IL10RB
Authors: Mao Zhiming , Betti Michael J , Cedeno Miguel A , Pedroza Luis A , Basaria Shamel , Liu Qi , Choi Joseph M , Markle Janet G
Published: July 2023

Inborn errors of immunity are a group of rare genetically determined diseases that impair immune system development or function. Many of these diseases include immune dysregulation, autoimmunity, or autoinflammation as prominent clinical features. In some children diagnosed with very early onset inflammatory bowel disease (VEOIBD), monogenic inborn errors of immune dysregulation underlie disease. We report a case of VEOIBD caused by a novel homozygous loss of function mutation in IL10RB. We use cytometry by time-of-flight with a broad panel of antibodies to interrogate the immunophenotype of this patient and detect reduced frequencies of CD4 and CD8 T cells with additional defects in some populations of T helper cells, innate-like T cells, and memory B cells. Finally, we identify the patient’s mutation as a founder allele in an isolated indigenous population and estimate the age of this variant by studying the shared ancestral haplotype.
E-cigarettes and arrhythmogenesis: a comprehensive review of pre-clinical studies and their clinical implications
Authors: Jones Carson A , Wallace Michael J , Bandaru Priya , Woodbury Emerson D , Mohler Peter J , Wold Loren E
Published: July 2023

Electronic cigarette use has grown exponentially in recent years, and while their popularity has increased, the long-term effects on the heart are yet to be fully studied and understood. Originally designed as devices to assist with those trying to quit traditional combustible cigarette use, their popularity has attracted use by teens and adolescents who traditionally have not smoked combustible cigarettes. Acute effects on the heart have been shown to be similar to traditional combustible cigarettes, including increased heart rate and blood pressure. The main components of electronic cigarettes that contribute to these arrhythmic effects are found in the e-liquid that is aerosolized and inhaled, comprised of nicotine, flavourings, and a combination of vegetable glycerin (VG) and propylene glycol (PG). Nicotine can potentially induce both ventricular and atrial arrhythmogenesis, with both the atrial and ventricular effects resulting from the interactions of nicotine and the catecholamines they release via potassium channels. Atrial arrhythmogenesis, more specifically atrial fibrillation, can also occur due to structural alterations, which happens because of nicotine downregulating microRNAs 133 and 590, both post-transcriptional growth factor repressors. Liquid flavourings and the combination of PG and VG can possibly lead to arrhythmic events by exposing users to acrolein, an aldehyde that stimulates TRPA1 that in turn causes a change towards sympathetic activation and autonomic imbalance. The design of these electronic delivery devices is constantly changing; therefore, it has proven extremely difficult to study the long-term effects on the heart caused by electronic cigarettes but will be important to understand given their rising popularity. The arrhythmic effects of electronic cigarettes appear similar to traditional cigarettes as well; however, a comprehensive review has not been compiled and is the focus of this article.
Comparative Study of the Effectiveness of Vedolizumab Versus Ustekinumab After Anti-TNF Failure in Crohn’s Disease (Versus-CD): Data from the ENEIDA Registry
Authors: García María José , Rivero Montserrat , Fernández-Clotet Agnès , de Francisco Ruth , Sicilia Beatriz , Mesonero Francisco , de Castro María Luisa , Casanova María José , Bertoletti Federico , García-Alonso Francisco Javier , López-García Alicia , Vicente Raquel , Calvet Xavier , Barreiro-de Acosta Manuel , Ferrer Rosique Juan , Varela Trastoy Pilar , Nuñez Alejandro , Ricart Elena , Riestra Sabino , Arias García Lara , Rodríguez María , Arranz Laura , Pajares Ramón , Mena Raquel , Calafat Margalida , Camo Patricia , Bermejo Fernando , Ponferrada Ángel , Madrigal Rosa Eva , Llaó Jordina , Sesé Eva , Sánchez Eugenia , Pineda Mariño Juan Ramón , González Muñoza Carlos , Carbajo López Ana Yaiza , Julián Ana Belén , Villoria Ferrer Albert , Baston-Rey Iria , Jara Lorena , Almela Pedro , Codesido Laura , de la Maza Saioa , Leal Carles , Caballol Berta , Pérez-Martínez Isabel , Vinuesa Campo Raquel , Crespo Javier , Domènech Eugeni , Chaparro María , Gisbert Javier P
Published: July 2023

Background

Both vedolizumab and ustekinumab are approved for the management of Crohn’s disease [CD]. Data on which one would be the most beneficial option when anti-tumour necrosis factor [anti-TNF] agents fail are limited.

Aims

To compare the durability, effectiveness, and safety of vedolizumab and ustekinumab after anti-TNF failure or intolerance in CD.

Methods

CD patients from the ENEIDA registry who received vedolizumab or ustekinumab after anti-TNF failure or intolerance were included. Durability and effectiveness were evaluated in both the short and the long term. Effectiveness was defined according to the Harvey–Bradshaw index [HBI]. The safety profile was compared between the two treatments. The propensity score was calculated by the inverse probability weighting method to balance confounder factors.

Results

A total of 835 patients from 30 centres were included, 207 treated with vedolizumab and 628 with ustekinumab. Dose intensification was performed in 295 patients. Vedolizumab [vs ustekinumab] was associated with a higher risk of treatment discontinuation (hazard ratio [HR] 2.55, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.02–3.21), adjusted by corticosteroids at baseline [HR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.00–1.62], moderate–severe activity in HBI [HR 1.79; 95% CI: 1.20–2.48], and high levels of C-reactive protein at baseline [HR 1.06; 95% CI: 1.02–1.10]. The inverse probability weighting method confirmed these results. Clinical response, remission, and corticosteroid-free clinical remission were higher with ustekinumab than with vedolizumab. Both drugs had a low risk of adverse events with no differences between them.

Conclusion

In CD patients who have failed anti-TNF agents, ustekinumab seems to be superior to vedolizumab in terms of durability and effectiveness in clinical practice. The safety profile is good and similar for both treatments.
Identity and diversity of pollens collected by two managed bee species while in blueberry fields for pollination
Authors: Graham Kelsey K , Milbrath Meghan O , Killewald Michael , Soehnlen Annuet , Zhang Yajun , Isaacs Rufus
Published: July 2023

The nutritional needs and foraging behavior of managed bees often lead to pollen collection from flowers other than the focal crop during crop pollination. To understand the pollen needs and preferences of managed bees during blueberry pollination, we identified pollen collected by Apis mellifera Linnaeus, 1758 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) and Bombus impatiens Cresson, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies across two years. Bumble bees collected a wider diversity of pollens compared to honey bees, whereas honey bees were more focused on abundant resources. Despite blueberries being the most abundant resource in the landscape, it was not the most collected pollen by either bee species in 2018. However, it was the most collected pollen by bumble bees in 2019 and they collected substantially more blueberry pollen than honey bees in both years. In 2018, buckthorn, Rhamnus L. (Rosales: Rhamnaceae) or Frangula Mill. (Rosales: Rhamnaceae), and willow, Salix L. (Malpighiales: Salicaceae), pollens were abundantly collected by both bee species. In 2019, cherry, Prunus L. (Rosales: Rosaceae), and willow (Salix) pollens were collected at high proportions by both species. Brambles, Rubus L. (Rosales: Rosaceae), and white clover, Trifolium repens L. (Fabales: Fabaceae), were also common pollen sources for honey bees, whereas oak, Quercus L. (Fagales: Fagaceae), was collected by bumble bees. Landscape analyses also revealed that certain land cover types were positively correlated with the collection of preferred pollen types. Herbaceous wetlands were associated with collection of buckthorn (Rhamnus/Frangula), willow (Salix), and cherry (Prunus) pollen, which were primary pollen resources for both bee species. There was no correlation between landscape diversity and pollen diversity, suggesting that colonies forage based on nutritional requirements rather than resource availability.
Arnaud du Sarrat and the international music trade in Halle and Leipzig c.1700
Authors: Górny Tomasz
Published: July 2023

Arnaud du Sarrat is known primarily as a bookseller and publisher based in Berlin, where he worked as Estienne Roger’s official agent from 1706 at the latest. This article, however, focuses on his activity in Halle between 1694/5 and 1702, when he was bookseller and bookbinder to the university. An analysis of four catalogues presents insights into the printed music available in his stores in Halle and Leipzig at the turn of the 18th century. A study is made of du Sarrat’s relationship with the Dutch book market, especially with booksellers from Amsterdam; and du Sarrat’s correspondence with Theophilus Dorrington suggests how Pietist networks also allowed for the transmission of books.
Insights into the Ecological Diversification of the Hymenochaetales based on Comparative Genomics and Phylogenomics With an Emphasis onColtricia
Authors: Zhao Heng , Dai Yu-Cheng , Wu Fang , Liu Xiao-Yong , Maurice Sundy , Krutovsky Konstantin V , Pavlov Igor N , Lindner Daniel L , Martin Francis M , Yuan Yuan
Published: July 2023

To elucidate the genomic traits of ecological diversification in the Hymenochaetales, we sequenced 15 new genomes, with attention to ectomycorrhizal (EcM) Coltricia species. Together with published data, 32 genomes, including 31 Hymenochaetales and one outgroup, were comparatively analyzed in total. Compared with those of parasitic and saprophytic members, EcM species have significantly reduced number of plant cell wall degrading enzyme genes, and expanded transposable elements, genome sizes, small secreted proteins, and secreted proteases. EcM species still retain some of secreted carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and have lost the key secreted CAZymes to degrade lignin and cellulose, while possess a strong capacity to degrade a microbial cell wall containing chitin and peptidoglycan. There were no significant differences in secreted CAZymes between fungi growing on gymnosperms and angiosperms, suggesting that the secreted CAZymes in the Hymenochaetales evolved before differentiation of host trees into gymnosperms and angiosperms. Nevertheless, parasitic and saprophytic species of the Hymenochaetales are very similar in many genome features, which reflect their close phylogenetic relationships both being white rot fungi. Phylogenomic and molecular clock analyses showed that the EcM genus Coltricia formed a clade located at the base of the Hymenochaetaceae and divergence time later than saprophytic species. And Coltricia remains one to two genes of AA2 family. These indicate that the ancestors of Coltricia appear to have originated from saprophytic ancestor with the ability to cause a white rot. This study provides new genomic data for EcM species and insights into the ecological diversification within the Hymenochaetales based on comparative genomics and phylogenomics analyses.
SODAR: managing multiomics study data and metadata
Authors: Nieminen Mikko , Stolpe Oliver , Kuhring Mathias , Weiner January , Pett Patrick , Beule Dieter , Holtgrewe Manuel
Published: July 2023

Scientists employing omics in life science studies face challenges such as the modeling of multiassay studies, recording of all relevant parameters, and managing many samples with their metadata. They must manage many large files that are the results of the assays or subsequent computation. Users with diverse backgrounds, ranging from computational scientists to wet-lab scientists, have dissimilar needs when it comes to data access, with programmatic interfaces being favored by the former and graphical ones by the latter.

We introduce SODAR, the system for omics data access and retrieval. SODAR is a software package that addresses these challenges by providing a web-based graphical user interface for managing multiassay studies and describing them using the ISA (Investigation, Study, Assay) data model and the ISA-Tab file format. Data storage is handled using the iRODS data management system, which handles large quantities of files and substantial amounts of data. SODAR also offers programmable APIs and command-line access for metadata and file storage.

SODAR supports complex omics integration studies and can be easily installed. The software is written in Python 3 and freely available at https://github.com/bihealth/sodar-server under the MIT license.
Despite Increased Disease Activity, Women who Attended a Dedicated Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Pregnancy Clinic Had Infants With Higher Apgar Scores: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Lee Sangmin , Seow Cynthia H , Nerenberg Kara , Bertazzon Stefania , Leung Yvette , Huang Vivian , Whitten Tara , Coward Stephanie , Panaccione Remo , Kaplan Gilaad G , Metcalfe Amy
Published: July 2023

Background

Attendance at a subspecialty pregnancy clinic for women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) improves disease-specific pregnancy knowledge. We examined the impact of attendance at a dedicated IBD-pregnancy clinic on IBD and perinatal outcomes.

Methods

Using linked administrative databases in Alberta, Canada (2012-2019), we identified 1061 pregnant women with IBD who delivered singleton liveborn infants in-hospital who did (n = 314) and did not attend (n = 747) the clinic. Propensity score weighted multivariable log-binomial and multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine the risk of IBD and perinatal outcomes.

Results

The median number of clinic visits was 3 (Q1-Q3, 3-5), with 34.7% completing a preconception consultation. A greater proportion of women who attended lived near the clinic, were nulliparous, had a disease flare prior to pregnancy, and were on maintenance IBD medication (P < .05). Women who attended had increased risks of a disease flare during pregnancy (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 2.02; 95% CI, 1.45-2.82), an IBD-related emergency department visit during pregnancy (aRR, 2.66; 95% CI, 1.92-3.68), and cesarean delivery (aRR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.23-2.57). Despite this, clinic attendees had a decreased risk of delivering an infant with a low Apgar score at 1 minute (risk ratio [RR], 0.49; 95% CI, 0.32-0.76) and 5 minutes (RR, 0.32; 95% CI, 0.12-0.87).

Conclusions

Women who attended a dedicated IBD-pregnancy clinic were more likely to have a disease flare prior to pregnancy, reflecting a more severe disease phenotype, but had similar perinatal outcomes and infants with better Apgar scores at birth. Our study suggests the value of these subspecialty clinics in providing enhanced IBD-specific prenatal care.
Antiviral activity of copper contact surfaces against MS2 coliphage and hepatitis A virus
Authors: Camacho Juan C , Shieh Y Carol , Redan Benjamin W , Koontz John L
Published: July 2023

Aims

Viral diseases can be indirectly transmitted by contaminated non-food contact surfaces to final food products by cross-contamination. The interaction of metal surfaces and viruses, MS2 coliphage and hepatitis A virus (HAV), was investigated for strategy development in decreasing this transmission risk.

Methods and results

MS2 deposited onto stainless-steel surface was stable but inactivated at 0.95 log10 PFU min−1 on 99.9% copper surfaces. Greater copper-inactivation of MS2 was observed in (a) simple media (phosphate buffered saline, PBS) than protein-rich media (beef extract buffer), and (b) acidic than pH ≥ 6.8 environments. Among food matrices (strawberry juices and beef broth), the greatest MS2 inactivation by copper occurred in filtered strawberry juice at pH 3.5. At a reduction of 0.17 log10 PFU min−1, HAV survived longer than MS2 on copper by FRhK-4 cell infectivity assay.

Conclusions

The inactivation of virus on copper surfaces was greater in acidic viral surrounding environments and in simple PBS medium. In the same 99% PBS medium, MS2 may not be an appropriate surrogate for HAV when assessing viral inactivation on copper surfaces.