bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Fermentation Law of Biogenic Amines in the Pre-Fermentation Process Is Revealed by Correlation Analysis
Authors: Liu Lijing , Zhao Jinyu , Lu Dapeng , Zhao Jiao , Duan Guqing , Zhu Tong , Hu Yongjin
Published: February 2025

Sufu is a traditional Chinese condiment with a distinctive flavor. The umami characteristics are primarily attributed to the hydrolysis of proteins, which produces amino acids and biogenic amines (BAs). Excessive levels of BAs can pose health risks, leading to adverse effects, such as headaches, digestive disorders, and abnormal blood pressure. However, the mechanisms leading to the formation of BAs in fermented bean curd remain insufficiently explored. To explore this phenomenon, an analysis was conducted on the texture, physicochemical properties, and BA content dynamic changes of sufu, fermented with Mucor racemosus, at different intervals, by high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). During the fermentation process, the total biogenic amines exhibited a downward trend, with levels decreasing from 60.66 to 38.19 mg/kg. Spermidine, spermine, and cadaverine were identified as the main biogenic amines produced during the fermentation process. At 0 h and 24 h, spermidine levels significantly decreased (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed at 48 h and 72 h. At 96 h, spermidine levels significantly decreased again (p < 0.05). There was a positive relationship between the bioamines and water content and a negative correlation with soluble protein levels. Additionally, low pH inhibits the formation of BAs, while a soft texture was found to increase their production. The results of this study also confirmed the mechanism of BAs formation. These findings offer valuable insights into the safety and quality control of Mouding sufu by clarifying the BA dynamics during pre-fermentation.
From a Coriander Mayonnaise to a Vegan Analogue: Assessing pH and Salt Influence in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Protein Extract and Chlorella vulgaris Mixed System
Authors: Coelho Pedro , Serrano Carmo , Komora Norton , Raymundo Anabela
Published: February 2025

History aside, traditional mayonnaise faces a rising animal welfare concern dietary approach and remains dependent on cold environments throughout the supply chain due to food safety. Nowadays, consumers are able to find alternative formulas from vegetable sources with relevant emulsifying capacity. However, sensory characteristics may differ from the traditional expected product. A mixed system composed of the innovative ingredient heterotrophic white Chlorella vulgaris and a disruptive emulsifier, yeast protein extract (YPE), was assessed to transform traditional coriander mayonnaise into an analog product. The effect of pH and salt (NaCl) content was also evaluated. The mixed system depicts a promising stability since the average Sauter diameter of both is similar (7.94 μm and 7.49 μm), also observed in the unimodal droplet size distribution. Viscoelastic behavior has slightly different responses for the plateau model (278.951 Pa and 252.053 Pa), while increasing the salt content reflects an approximation regarding firmness (0.059 N and 0.057 N) and adhesiveness (0.372 N.s and 0.361 N.s). Introduction of microalgae increases bioactivity, mainly TPC (+118.84 ugGAeq/g) and antioxidant activity—RSA (+31.29 ugTEAC/g) and FRAP (+35.26 ugTEAC/g). Despite the color deviation, the sensorial analysis of both products enlightened the absence of major perception.
Enhancing Functional Properties and Shelf Life of Oryza sativa L. via Grain Stabilization Techniques
Authors: Song Eunsu , Gwon Hyeeun , Choi Jaeyoung , Islam Md Atiqual , Chun Jiyeon , Chang Yun Hee , Hwang Jinah
Published: February 2025

Background: Oryza sativa L. is one of the main staple crops in the South Korea. While rice production has remained stable over the past decades, rice consumption has gradually declined, leading to a rapid stockpile in rice inventory. Conventional rice storage methods often fail to preserve functional properties and long-term stability, necessitating innovative processing techniques. Methods: To address this issue, we developed a grain stabilization technique (GST) to enhance the functionality and shelf life of white rice (WR), brown rice (BR), and rice germ (RG). The GST process was conducted in a single-batch system, integrating a controlled temperature cycle (65~85 °C) with 60 rpm rotation, far-infrared (26,400 W/m2), and ultraviolet (254 nm, 60,880 J/m2) irradiation in an enclosed chamber equipped with an exhaust system for moisture, odor, and impurity removal. The process was followed by air drying (25 °C, 15 h) to ensure stability. Results: The GST significantly increased resistant starch content in BR and WR by 214% and 27%, respectively, but not in RG. Additionally, GST enhanced the contents of campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, and octacosanol in BR and RG, but not significantly in WR. Furthermore, this technique markedly reduced moisture content, acidity, and bacterial counts over a 90-day storage period and kept mycotoxin levels within safe limits in WR, BR, and RG. GST also altered the microstructures of WR and BR, indicating gelatinization and amorphization of starch granules. Conclusions: These findings contribute to advancing food science by presenting GST as a transformative method to extend shelf life and improve the nutritional profile of rice, aligning with global efforts to reduce food waste, improve dietary health, and develop sustainable food processing technologies.
Effects on Physicochemical, Nutritional, and Quality Attributes of Fortified Vegan Muffins Incorporated with Hempseed as an Alternative Protein Source
Authors: Du Huimin , Baek Inha , Jang Yunju , Said Nurul Saadah , Lee Won Young
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the potential of hempseed protein isolate (HPI) as a protein fortifier and wheat flour substitute in vegan muffins. HPI was incorporated at 0% (CON), 10% (HP10), 20% (HP20), and 30% (HP30) substitution levels, and muffins were evaluated for physicochemical, functional, and sensory properties. Protein content significantly increased from 9.61% (CON) to 19.40% (HP30), while baking loss decreased from 21.33% to 19.77%, reflecting HPI’s superior water-holding capacity. Texture analysis showed hardness decreased from 179.72 g/cm2 (CON) to 137.73 g/cm2 (HP30), resulting in softer muffins with higher chewiness. This correlated with a more aerated crumb structure and smoother surface at higher HPI levels, indicating improved structural integrity. Rheological analysis revealed increased batter viscosity and shear-thinning behavior with HPI fortification. FTIR analysis exhibited redshifts in the Amide I and Amide II bands, suggesting enhanced protein–protein interactions and hydrogen bonding in fortified HPI muffins. Antioxidant activity increased significantly, with ABTS radical scavenging values rising from 32.66% (CON) to 46.28% (HP30), attributed to the bioactive peptides and phenolic compounds (144.67 mg GAE/g) in HPI. However, in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) decreased from 66.08% to 42.63% due to protein–starch–lipid interactions inhibiting hydrolysis. Sensory evaluation showed no significant differences in aroma, taste, mouthfeel, or overall acceptability, with scores between 4.83 and 5.33 among all samples. These results demonstrate that HPI incorporation of up to 30% significantly enhances the nutritional profile, antioxidant activity, and textural properties of vegan muffins while maintaining overall sensory quality, supporting HPI’s potential as a sustainable protein fortifier in plant-based bakery products.
Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of Meyerozyma guilliermondii CECT13190: An Outstanding Biocontrol Agent
Authors: Vicente Javier , Alonso de Robador José María , Pintos Beatriz , Gomez-Garay Arancha
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Biocontrol agents (BCAs) are gaining attention as sustainable alternatives to chemical pesticides. Understanding their molecular mechanisms is crucial for improving plant protection. This study investigates the genomic features of Meyerozyma guilliermondii CECT13190, a promising BCA, to identify key genes involved in its biocontrol abilities. Methods: Whole-genome sequencing of M. guilliermondii was performed, followed by bioinformatics analysis to identify genes and pathways related to biocontrol, including gene copy number variation (CNV) analysis. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was conducted to examine gene functions, and a comparative proteomics approach assessed the presence and role of proteins in the secretome of M. guilliermondii. Results: Genomic analysis revealed key biocontrol-related pathways. CNV analysis indicated a direct correlation between gene amplification and competitive fitness, with seven genes showing gains and five genes showing losses. GO analysis identified categories such as enzymes, transcription factors, ribosomal and proteasomal complexes, transporters, membrane proteins, RNA processing, and stress-response-related proteins. Secretome analysis identified HSP70 and HSP90 as potential effectors involved in biocontrol activity. Conclusions: This study provides insights into the genomic features of M. guilliermondii and its biocontrol potential. The identification of genes involved in the stress response and the secretome highlights the multifaceted mechanisms through which M. guilliermondii antagonizes plant pathogens. Practical outcomes include the identification of candidate genes and proteins, such as HSP70 and HSP90, which can be targeted to enhance biocontrol efficiency in agricultural applications. Additionally, the observed CNVs offer a potential avenue for strain improvement programs to optimize competitiveness and efficacy in field conditions.
Interspecies Blastocyst Complementation and the Genesis of Chimeric Solid Human Organs
Authors: Bigliardi Elena , Shetty Anala V. , Low Walter C. , Steer Clifford J.
Published: February 2025

Solid organ transplantation remains a life-saving treatment for patients worldwide. Unfortunately, the supply of donor organs cannot meet the current need, making the search for alternative sources even more essential. Xenotransplantation using sophisticated genetic engineering techniques to delete and overexpress specific genes in the donor animal has been investigated as a possible option. However, the use of exogenous tissue presents another host of obstacles, particularly regarding organ rejection. Given these limitations, interspecies blastocyst complementation in combination with precise gene knockouts presents a unique, promising pathway for the transplant organ shortage. In recent years, great advancements have been made in the field, with encouraging results in producing a donor-derived organ in a chimeric host. That said, one of the major barriers to successful interspecies chimerism is the mismatch in the developmental stages of the donor and the host cells in the chimeric embryo. Another major barrier to successful chimerism is the mismatch in the developmental speeds between the donor and host cells in the chimeric embryos. This review outlines 19 studies in which blastocyst complementation was used to generate solid organs. In particular, the genesis of the liver, lung, kidney, pancreas, heart, thyroid, thymus and parathyroids was investigated. Of the 19 studies, 7 included an interspecies model. Of the 7, one was completed using human donor cells in a pig host, and all others were rat–mouse chimeras. While very promising results have been demonstrated, with great advancements in the field, several challenges continue to persist. In particular, successful chimerism, organ generation and donor contribution, synchronized donor–host development, as well as ethical concerns regarding human–animal chimeras remain important aspects that will need to be addressed in future research.
Review of Carbonate Rock Experiments at Different Pressure and Temperature Conditions in the Context of Geothermal Energy Exploitation
Authors: Uwakwe Ozioma Carol , Riechelmann Sylvia , Reinsch Thomas , Nehler Mathias , Immenhauser Adrian
Published: February 2025

Geothermal energy exploitation has emerged as a critical solution to combat global climate crises, such as reducing CO2 emissions and climate warming. Scaling is the process of mineral precipitation in fluid pathways and geothermal equipment. It is known to significantly hamper geothermal energy production by decreasing the rates of heat extraction. Numerous research efforts are dedicated to characterising dissolution and precipitation processes, not only to provide know-how for further and safer developments in geothermal energy, but also to adapt such findings to the ever emerging field of geothermal energy recovery. This paper presents an overview of experiments—performed under variable pressure and temperature conditions—with a focus on scaling. We assess the different factors that influence disequilibrium reactions in carbonate rocks, the different experimental setups, and their application to the field. The influence of experimental variables (such as temperature and pressure) on mineral dissolution and precipitation is discussed, and the main learning points from experiments are compared and contrasted. We address techniques for preventing and controlling scaling in geothermal wells based on a comprehensive analysis of experimental studies in carbonate rocks. We propose that the intelligent combination of fieldwork, numerical approaches, and laboratory experience provides a foundation for the success of future work in this field.
Rockfall Dynamics Prediction Using Data-Driven Approaches: A Lab-Scale Study
Authors: Ghahramanieisalou Milad , Sattarvand Javad
Published: February 2025

Predicting rockfall dynamics is essential for effective risk management and mitigation in mining and civil engineering, where uncontrolled rockfalls can have serious safety implications. This study explores machine learning (ML) approaches to model rockfall behavior, using experimentally derived data to predict key parameters: translational and angular velocity, coefficient of restitution (COR), and runout distance. Rockfall behavior is complex, influenced by factors such as rock shape and release angle, which create irregular, nonlinear patterns that challenge traditional modeling techniques. Three ML models—K-Nearest Neighbors (KNNs), Perceptron, and Deep Neural Networks (DNNs)—were initially tested for predictive accuracy. This study found that the Perceptron model could not capture the nonlinear intricacies of rockfall dynamics, while DNNs, though theoretically capable of handling complexity, faced issues with overfitting and interpretability due to limited data. KNNs emerged as the most effective model, offering a balance of accuracy and interpretability by using instance-based predictions to reflect localized patterns in rockfall behavior. Each parameter was modeled individually, leveraging KNNs’ strength in handling the dataset’s unique characteristics without excessive computational requirements or extensive preprocessing. The results demonstrate that KNNs effectively predicts rockfall trajectories across diverse shapes and release angles, enhancing its practical application for safety and preventive strategies. This study contributes to the understanding of rockfall mechanics by providing an interpretable, adaptable model that meets the challenges posed by small, high-dimensional datasets and complex physical interactions.
Echocardiographic Assessment of Cardiac Structure and Function of Centenarians: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sonaglioni Andrea , Nicolosi Gian Luigi , Muti-Schünemann Giovanna Elsa Ute , Polymeropoulos Alessio , Lombardo Michele , Muti Paola
Published: February 2025

Background: During the last two decades, a limited number of studies have provided echocardiographic details regarding the cardiac structure and function of individuals aged ≥100 years. These studies analyzed limited sample sizes of centenarians using different methodologies. The present systematic review was primarily designed to summarize the main findings of these studies and to examine the overall influence of extremely advanced age on cardiac structure and function. Methods: All echocardiographic studies that evaluated the cardiac structure and function in individuals aged ≥100 years, selected from the PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, were included. There was no limitation on the time period. The risk of bias was assessed by using the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: A total of eight studies with 1340 centenarians [median age 101.4 years (IQR 101–103 years)] met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed. The centenarians were predominantly females [76.3% (IQR 60–85%)] with a small body surface area, long history of hypertension and slightly impaired renal functional reserve. The centenarian population showed a reduced burden of cardiovascular disease but an increased comorbidity burden, as assessed using the Charlson [median value 3.7 (IQR 1.8–5.5)] and Katz [median value 2.1 (IQR 1.1–3.1)] indexes. The echocardiographic findings comprised left ventricular (LV) concentric remodeling, with first-degree diastolic dysfunction [median E/A ratio 0.8 (IQR 0.7–0.9)], a moderate increase in LV filling pressure [median E/e’ ratio 16.8 (IQR 16.2–17)], normal LV systolic function [median left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) 60.9% (IQR 55–84%)] and mild-to-moderate pulmonary hypertension [median systolic pulmonary artery pressure 42.1 mmHg (IQR 37–54 mmHg)]. The pooled prevalence of LV systolic dysfunction (LVEF < 50%) was 15.8%. Moderate-to-severe valvular heart diseases were detected in less than one-third of the centenarians. Compared with the outpatient and in-home cohorts, hospitalized centenarians were less commonly females and were more likely to be affected by significant LV hypertrophy with a supra-normal LVEF, higher degrees of valvulopathies and impaired pulmonary hemodynamics. Conclusions: The evidence currently suggests that centenarians have typical LV concentric remodeling with increased myocardial stiffness and diastolic dysfunction, which predispose them to heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Cardioprotective treatment should be considered for personalized implementation and uptitration in this special population.
Evaluation of a Subsequent Deposition of Human Bodies in a Funerary Site in Sardinia (Italy) Using Entomological Evidence
Authors: Tuccia Fabiola , Rodriguez Consuelo , Giordani Giorgia , Subirà Maria Eulàlia , Mazzarello Vittorio , Vanin Stefano
Published: February 2025

Environmental elements, such as insects, plants, algae and microbes, may provide important information when reconstructing and interpreting past events. In archaeological contexts, the study of the insects associated with dead bodies can contribute to describe funerary practices. Funerary archaeoentomology is increasingly being utilized; however, there is a lack of application in ancient contexts, thousands of years old. During archaeological excavations carried out at the Filigosa archaeological site (Sardinia, Italy), a prehistoric grave cut named Domus de Janas was found. This type of grave is typical of the island and dates to the Recent Neolithic period. The sepulchral chamber containing 77 individuals (49 adults and 28 subadults) was investigated revealing the presence of some entomological fragments. The mineralized specimens found belonged to the immature stages of flies (Diptera) in the genera Calliphora and Lucilia, as well as beetles (Coleoptera) in the genus Necrobia. These species are typically associated with body decomposition. The analysis and interpretation of these findings led to the following conclusions based on archaeological hypotheses: (1) the cadavers were exposed for a period of time, allowing the arrival of the blow flies during the initial wave of colonization; (2) subsequent primary depositions occurred within the chamber, and (3) a geological change likely occurred shortly after the cessation of the tomb utilization leading to the presence of mud and water.
Digital Stress-Preventive Management Competencies: Definition, Identification and Tool Development for Research and Practice
Authors: Cioffi Glauco , Balducci Cristian , Toderi Stefano
Published: February 2025

The digital transformation of work and the rise of remote workers (RWs) are gaining growing interest in occupational health science. However, research on managers’ role in well-being can be developed more. Aiming to bridge this gap, this study first defines and explores the Digital Stress-Preventive Management Competencies (DMCs) and then develops and validates an indicator tool with a three-phase procedure. Phase 1 consisted of a literature review and interviews with experts to identify DMCs, followed by item generation, content analysis and competencies conceptualization. Phase 2 was devoted to tool validation, comprising exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis with 247 RWs. Phase 3 explored the concurrent validity by investigating the relationship between DMCs and psychosocial factors via structural equation modeling (sample Phase 2) and polynomial regression with response surface analysis on 50 manager–team dyads (RWs 218). Two key competencies were identified: supportive ICT-mediated interaction (SIMI) and avoidance of abusive ICT adoption (AAIA). The final nine-item tool revealed a two-factor structure and good psychometric properties. SIMI was associated with superior support and role, while AAIA was linked to demands and control reported by RWs. These findings suggest that the DMCs identified and the related tool have potential applications in future organizational intervention content and for research purposes.
A Dynamic and Timely Point-of-Interest Recommendation Based on Spatio-Temporal Influences, Timeliness Feature and Social Relationships
Authors: Zhu Jun , Lin Haifeng , Gou Zhinan , Xu Yiqing , Liu Hongying , Tang Ming , Wang Li , Li Shu , Hu Bing
Published: February 2025

Point-of-interest (POI) recommendation is highly sensitive to temporal factors, including fluctuations in user preferences, variation in user similarity, and decay in the attraction of locations. However, current studies overlook the temporal dynamics of user similarity and the timeliness of POIs, resulting in a disconnect between recommendations and users’ recent preferences. This paper proposes a new framework for dynamic and timely POI recommendation by integrating spatio-temporal influences and social relationships. Dynamic prediction is achieved through an enhanced user-based collaborative filtering approach. A time slot clustering technique was designed based on the statistical check-in features in each time slot. Ratings within the same cluster were shared to address data sparsity. To reflect user similarity drift, we took the time variable as a crucial parameter to dynamically calculate user similarity. Moreover, timely prediction was achieved by integrating the timeliness, popularity, and spatial features of POIs. We introduce a novel method to evaluate the timeliness of POI recommendation, aimed at assessing whether the recommendations align with users’ recent preferences. Comprehensive experiments are performed on Brightkite and Gowalla datasets, with the data divided into workdays and weekends. The experimental results reveal that our algorithm outperforms seven state-of-the-art recommenders in terms of prediction accuracy and system timeliness.
STPam: Software for Intelligently Analyzing and Mining Spatiotemporal Processes Based on Multi-Source Big Data
Authors: Xiong Rongjun , Chen Zeqiang , Pan Huiwen , Liu Dongyang , Sun Aiguo , Chen Nengcheng
Published: February 2025

Analyzing and mining spatiotemporal processes refers to the extraction of geographic phenomena from spatiotemporal data and the analysis of available geographic knowledge and patterns. It finds applications in various fields such as natural disaster evolution, environmental pollution, and human behavior prediction. However, training spatiotemporal models based on big data is time-consuming, and the traditional physical models and static objects used in existing geographic data analysis software have limitations in mining efficiency and simulation accuracy for dynamic spatiotemporal processes. In this paper, we develop an intelligent spatiotemporal process analysis and mining software tool, called STPam, which integrates a plug-and-play artificial intelligence model by a service-oriented method, distributed deep learning framework, and multi-source big data adaptation. The floods in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River have perennially affected safety and property in surrounding cities and communities. Therefore, this article applies the software to simulate the flooding process in the basin in 2022. The experimental results correspond to the rare drought phenomenon in the basin, demonstrating the practicality of the STPam software. In summary, STPam aids researchers in visualizing and analyzing geospatial processes and also holds potential application value in assisting regional management authorities in making disaster prevention and mitigation decisions.
Enhanced Anti-Cancer Potential: Investigating the Combined Effects with Coriolus versicolor Extract and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibitor (LY294002) In Vitro
Authors: Jędrzejewski Tomasz , Sobocińska Justyna , Maciejewski Bartosz , Slovakova Marcela , Wrotek Sylwia
Published: February 2025

Coriolus versicolor (CV), known in traditional Chinese medicine for over 2000 years, is currently used in China and Japan to reduce chemotherapy or radiotherapy side effects in cancer patients. Despite extensive research, its effects still need improvement. This study aimed to determine if combining CV extract with LY294002, an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signalling pathway, enhances cancer cell treatment, potentially leading to a novel therapeutic approach. Three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, HeLa, and A549) were treated with CV extract alone or combined with LY294002. Cell viability was assessed using MTT assays. Then, HeLa and MCF-7 cells most sensitive to the co-treatment were used to evaluate colony formation, apoptosis, cell cycle, cell migration and invasion, and phospho-PI3K expression. The results demonstrated that LY294002 enhanced the CV extract’s anti-tumour effects by reducing cell viability and colony formation. The combined treatment with CV extract and LY294002 more effectively induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, promoted apoptosis, reduced cell invasion and migration, and inhibited phospho-PI3K expression compared to each agent alone. This study highlights the potent cytotoxic enhancement between CV extract and LY294002 on cancer cells, primarily by inhibiting phospho-PI3K expression. These findings suggest promising avenues for developing novel combination therapies targeting cancer.
Vault Particles in Cancer Progression, Multidrug Resistance, and Drug Delivery: Current Insights and Future Applications
Authors: Maniatis Alexandros , Rizopoulou Dimitra , Shaukat Athanasios-Nasir , Grafanaki Katerina , Stamatopoulou Vassiliki , Stathopoulos Constantinos
Published: February 2025

Vault particles (VPs) are highly conserved large ribonucleoprotein complexes found exclusively in eukaryotes. They play critical roles in various cellular processes, but their involvement in cancer progression and multidrug resistance (MDR) is the most extensively studied. VPs are composed of the major vault protein (MVP), vault RNAs (vtRNAs), vault poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, and telomerase-associated protein-1. These components are involved in the regulation of signaling pathways that affect tumor survival, proliferation, and metastasis. MVP has been associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes, while vtRNAs modulate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy. VPs also contribute to MDR by sequestering chemotherapeutic agents, altering their accumulation in the nucleus, and regulating lysosomal dynamics. Furthermore, small vault RNA-derived fragments participate in gene silencing and intercellular communication, reinforcing the role of precursors of vtRNAs in cancer development. Beyond their biological roles, VPs present a promising platform for drug delivery, due to their unique ability to encapsulate a wide range of biomolecules and therapeutic agents, followed by controlled release. This review compiles data from PubMed and Scopus, with a literature search conducted up until December 2024, highlighting current knowledge regarding VPs and their crucial involvement in cancer-related mechanisms and their applications in overcoming cancer drug resistance.
Laboratory Evaluation of a Novel Insecticide, Isocycloseram, Against the Common Bed Bug (Cimex lectularius L.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Pan Xiaodan , Sarker Souvic , Wang Changlu
Published: February 2025

Isocycloseram is a novel insecticide belonging to the class of isoxazoline (IRAC MoA Group 30) that exhibits excellent efficacy and selectivity against invertebrate pests. We evaluated the efficacy of two 0.1% isocycloseram formulations against a laboratory and four insecticide-resistant field strains of common bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) by direct spray and forced exposure on three surfaces (fabric, vinyl tiles, and unpainted pinewood). Their efficacy was compared with that of five commercial insecticides including Demand CS (0.03% λ-cyhalothrin), Temprid FX (0.05% imidacloprid and 0.025% β-cyfluthrin), Crossfire (0.4% clothianidin, 0.01% metofluthrin, and 1.0% piperonyl butoxide), Bedlam Plus (0.4% d-phenothrin, 1.0% MGK 264, and 0.05% imidacloprid), and PT Phantom II (0.5% chlorfenapyr). Both isocycloseram 45 SC and 400 SC formulations were the most effective among the tested insecticides. The isocycloseram 45 SC formulation caused faster mortality than the 400 SC formulation. Four hours of exposure to 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1% isocycloseram 45 SC residue on porous and non-porous surfaces caused 100% bed bug mortality after 3–4 days. Exposure to 30-day-aged 0.1% isocycloseram 45 SC residue for 4 h still caused 100% mortality, compared to 0–73% mortality by the five commercial insecticides. Isocycloseram is a highly effective compound for controlling resistant C. lectularius populations.
Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation for Applied Science, a Review to Highlight Its Merits and Challenges
Authors: Núñez-Gutiérrez Ciro
Published: February 2025

The last thirty years have brought an evolution of electrical power systems. The integration of renewable energy and energy storage, dynamic loads, or distributed resources based on power electronics, including communications systems and protocols, is usual. Fortunately, technological advances have also brought tools to face the complex field of electrical component integration to the power system, such as the real-time power-hardware-in-the-loop (PHIL) simulation. This paper argues why PHIL simulation is a mighty tool for addressing intelligent design, modeling, and computing methods to address complex power systems. Nevertheless, any promising technology can be misunderstood, reducing its positive effect. This article uses two inverters connected to a microgrid to develop the steps from conceptualizing an idea to a PHIL simulation, highlighting the merits, drawbacks, and lessons learned. Two perspectives are developed. First, the multiple, even complex, details required for furnishing a PHIL simulation are described. Second, reflections on how PHIL simulations enhance the scientific impact of the research compared to offline simulations or scale prototypes are made, enabling the transition from academic to applied research to attend to the challenges of modern power systems. The successful results of the microgrid PHIL simulation are shown to prove the merits of this approach.
Comparative Analysis of Gut Microbiota in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Healthy Controls
Authors: Sánchez-Pellicer Pedro , Álamo-Marzo José María , Martínez-Villaescusa María , Núñez-Delegido Eva , Such-Ronda José Francisco , Huertas-López Francisco , Serrano-López Emilio Manuel , Martínez-Moreno David , Navarro-López Vicente
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Growing evidence highlights the pivotal role of gut dysbiosis in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Despite this, the identification of an “IBS microbiota signature” remains elusive, primarily due to the influence of genetic, dietary, and environmental factors. To address these confounding variables, it is critical to perform comparative analyses using a control group derived from the same community as the IBS patients. This study aimed to evaluate and contrast the gut microbiota composition of IBS patients with healthy controls. Methods: We compared the gut microbiota from stool samples of 25 IBS patients diagnosed according to the Rome IV criteria, and 110 healthy subjects without acute or chronic diseases and not on continuous medication. The high-throughput sequencing of the V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene was conducted for microbiota analysis. Results: The IBS gut microbiota was richer but exhibited lower alpha diversity compared to the control group, suggesting simplification and imbalance. A beta diversity analysis revealed overall compositional differences between the two groups. A heat tree analysis highlighted key IBS-associated changes, including a decrease in Firmicutes, mainly due to Clostridia, and an increase in Bacteroidota, driven by an expansion of Bacteroidales families. Differential expression analyses identified important genera within these taxa like Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium, and Blautia, which could serve as microbiota-based biomarkers for IBS. Conclusions: Our results reveal both statistically and clinically significant differences in gut microbiota composition and diversity between IBS patients and healthy controls from the same community. These findings provide a deeper understanding of how alterations in the gut microbiota may contribute to IBS symptoms, offering new insights into the diagnosis and potential treatments.
Real-World Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability of Facilitated Subcutaneous Immunoglobulin 10% in Secondary Immunodeficiency Disease: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Dimou Maria , Vacca Angelo , Sánchez-Ramón Silvia , Karakulska-Prystupiuk Ewa , Lionikaite Vikte , Siffel Csaba , Anderson-Smits Colin , Kamieniak Marta
Published: February 2025

Background: Secondary immunodeficiency disease (SID) is a complex, heterogeneous condition that occurs when extrinsic factors weaken the immune system. Expert consensus guidelines recommend immunoglobulin replacement therapy to manage immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels and mitigate severe, recurrent, and persistent infections. Hyaluronidase-facilitated subcutaneous immunoglobulin (fSCIG) 10% is a dual-vial unit of IgG and recombinant human hyaluronidase; the latter enables absorption of higher volumes of IgG than conventional subcutaneous therapies. Methods: For this systematic literature review, Embase, MEDLINE®, and the Cochrane Library were searched on 9 August 2023, with supplemental congress searches. Results: Eight studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, reporting real-world evidence of the clinical effectiveness, safety, and tolerability of fSCIG 10% in 183 patients with SID in Europe from September 2014 to August 2021. The potential causes of SID were primarily hematological malignancies, most commonly chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Treatment was typically administered at 4-week or 3-week intervals, with doses of approximately 0.4 g/kg/month. Infections were rare during follow-up, with numerical reductions observed after fSCIG 10% treatment initiation compared with the period before initiation. Adverse reactions, including local infusion site reactions, and tolerability events were uncommon. Conclusions: Given the recency of fSCIG 10% use in patients with SID, there are opportunities for future research to better understand survival and patient-reported outcomes after receiving this treatment. Despite SID heterogeneity, this study demonstrates the feasibility of fSCIG 10% treatment for this condition.
Association of Opioid Prescription with Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: Nationwide Cohort Study
Authors: Oh Tak-Kyu , Cho Hyoung-Won , Song In-Ae
Published: February 2025

Background: This study aimed to investigate the association between opioid use and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Methods: This study included adult patients who had received oral or transdermal opioids in 2016. The control group comprised individuals who did not receive opioids in 2016 and was selected using a 1:1 stratified random sampling procedure. A MACE was defined as the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure, or cardiovascular mortality. The primary endpoints were new MACEs and cardiovascular mortality, as evaluated from 1 January 2017 to 31 December 2021. Results: The study included 4,179,130 participants, of whom 1,882,945 (45.1%) were opioid users. After propensity score matching, 1,811,732 individuals (905,866 in each group) were included. Cox regression analysis revealed that the opioid user group had a 24% higher incidence of MACEs than the non-user group (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.23, 1.24; p < 0.001). Additionally, the opioid user group showed a 30% higher risk of cardiovascular mortality than the non-user group (HR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.35; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Opioid use was associated with an increased incidence of MACE and higher risk of cardiovascular mortality.
Hepatitis Associated with Catha edulis Consumption—A Single-Center Study
Authors: Someili Ali , Mohrag Mostafa , Abdulrasak Mohammed
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Catha edulis, also known as Khat, is a stimulant with hepatotoxic properties. Studies reporting laboratory patterns are scarce. The aim was to assess the patterns associated with hepatic dysfunction due to Khat usage. Methods: Patients with liver injury and self-reported Khat consumption presenting to the gastroenterology department at the King Fahad Central Hospital in Jazan between January 2017–May 2024 were retrospectively included in the study. Patients with any signs of cirrhosis or viral hepatitis were excluded to have a more homogenous inclusion. Normal distribution was not assumed; data were presented as the median (IQR or %). Results: Sixty-three patients (of which 62 (98.4%) were male) aged 35 (29–41) years were included in the study. An IgG > 20 g/L was present in 41 (61.5%) patients, and the majority (n = 48, 76.2%) had a hepatocellular injury pattern based on an R-factor > 5. Over half of the patients had at least one positive autoantibody(ANA 47.6%; SMA 55.6% and AMA 4.8%), while 57 (90.5%) patients received immunosuppressive therapy. Conclusions: Khat-induced liver injury seems to be predominantly AIH-like in nature, given the IgG elevation, hepatocellular injury pattern, and relatively high rate of autoantibody positivity.
Incidence and Risk Assessment of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) in Spine Surgery: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Velluto Calogero , Mazzella Giovan Giuseppe , Scaramuzzo Laura , Borruto Maria Ilaria , Inverso Michele , Fulli Lorenzo , Costanzi Matteo , Rossi Marco , Proietti Luca
Published: February 2025

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical medical condition characterized by a sudden decline in renal function, often resulting in severe complications and increased mortality. In the context of spine surgery, particularly for adult spine deformities, the risk of AKI is significant due to the complexity and duration of these procedures, as well as the substantial intraoperative blood loss and hemodynamic instability they can entail. Despite advancements in surgical and perioperative care, AKI remains a major concern. This paper presents a case report of AKI following spine deformity surgery and conducts a comprehensive literature review to evaluate the incidence and risk factors associated with AKI in this specific surgical population. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted across the PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases, focusing on studies published between January 2000 and December 2023. The inclusion criteria targeted studies reporting on adult patients undergoing spine surgery, specifically detailing the incidence and risk factors of AKI. Exclusion criteria included studies on pediatric patients, non-English publications, and those lacking clear AKI diagnostic criteria. Data from the selected studies were independently extracted by two reviewers and analyzed using descriptive statistics and meta-analysis techniques where applicable. The case report highlights a patient who developed AKI following extensive spine surgery for Adult Spine Deformity (ASD), detailing the clinical course, diagnostic approach, and management strategies employed. Results: The literature review revealed that the incidence of AKI in spine surgery varies widely and is influenced by factors such as patient demographics, type of surgery, and perioperative management. Identified risk factors include significant blood loss, prolonged operative time, intraoperative hypotension, and the use of nephrotoxic drugs. The findings underscore the importance of vigilant perioperative monitoring and proactive management strategies to mitigate the risk of AKI. These strategies include optimizing hemodynamic stability, minimizing blood loss, and careful management of nephrotoxic medications. Conclusions: By integrating a detailed case report with a thorough review of the existing literature, this paper aims to enhance the understanding of AKI in spine surgery and inform clinical practices to improve patient outcomes.
Treatment Strategy for Posterior Malleolar Fractures: Different Operative Strategies Are Needed for Each Morphological Type
Authors: Cho Byung-Ki , Subramanian Sivakumar Allur , Hwang Jihyun , Lee Collin , Yune Young Phil , Kim Sung Jae , Choi Seung Myung
Published: February 2025

Background: The operative indication for posterior malleolar fracture (PMF) remains controversial. This study aimed to assess the midterm outcomes of PMF treatment for developing a treatment strategy for each morphological type. Methods: In this retrospective analysis, patients undergoing operative treatment for an unstable ankle fracture involving PMF were included after at least 3 years of follow-up. PMFs were classified by fracture morphology according to the Haraguchi classification. This study divided the entire cohort into three independent populations based on the types of PMF. For each population, patients were further categorized into two groups depending on whether PMF was surgically fixed or not, and comparisons were made between these two groups. Demographic data, functional and radiographical outcomes were compared between two groups in each of the three populations. Results: With a total of 472 patients, the mean patient age was 45.8 years, and the mean follow-up was 51 months. For type 1 fracture, a total of 237 cases were found. Quality of reduction by CT (QRC) was mostly good in both groups (83.6% vs. 83.3% in the non-fixation vs. fixation group, respectively, p = 0.269). Functional and radiological outcomes between both groups showed no significant difference. For type 2 PMFs, a total of 199 cases were found, and QRC was significantly different between the two groups (good grade, 5.4% vs. 60.7% in the non-fixation vs. fixation group, respectively, p < 0.001). The radiological and clinical outcomes of the PMF fixation group were statistically superior to those of the non-fixation group (both p < 0.001). For type 3 fractures, a total of 36 cases were found. In all the cases in this group, surgical fixation of PMF was not performed. Only the syndesmosis instability was analyzed as a viable factor to be considered for achieving favorable surgical outcomes. PMF fixation group showed significantly more postoperative complications (24.4% vs. 40.4%, non-fixation vs. fixation, respectively, p < 0.001). Major complications in the fixation group were deep wound infection (6.8%), superficial peroneal nerve injury (6.8%), and hallux flexion deficit (5.0%). Conclusions: Different treatment strategies seem to be required for each PMF morphological subtype. Further studies with more detailed designs for each PMFs are warranted for more clinically related results that are helpful for making practical surgical decisions.
Effect of Turmeric Staining and Bleaching Treatment on Color Stability and Surface Hardness of Different Dental Composite Resins
Authors: Patel Mitsu , Lee Jimin , Hayashi Marc , Kim Reuben H. , Kim Mijoo
Published: February 2025

This study investigated the susceptibility of nine composite resins to turmeric staining, evaluated bleaching efficacy for color recovery, and assessed surface hardness throughout these processes. Disc-shaped specimens (8 mm × 2 mm, n = 3/group) were subjected to daily 20 min turmeric solution immersion for two weeks, followed by two weeks of daily 3 h applications of 16% carbamide peroxide bleaching. Color measurements included spectrophotometric analysis for ΔE values (threshold ΔE > 3.3 for clinical significance) and VITA Classic shade assessment at baseline, post-staining, and post-bleaching intervals. Surface hardness was evaluated using a Vickers hardness tester. Results showed significant color changes in all materials except HA after turmeric exposure, with FS exhibiting the highest staining susceptibility (ΔE = 24.6 ± 2.69) and HA showing minimal change (ΔE = 1.9 ± 0.85). VITA Classic shade evaluation revealed varying patterns; some materials maintained their initial shade designation despite significant ΔE changes (FS, CM), while others showed substantial shade shifts with successful recovery post-bleaching (HA, OM). Bleaching effectiveness varied across materials, with PO, VEP, and FS demonstrating substantial recovery in ΔE values, although FS retained clinically noticeable discoloration post-bleaching (ΔE = 7.6 ± 0.89). Surface hardness analysis revealed three distinct groups: high (80–90 HV: FS, CA, VPO), intermediate (55–70 HV: VEP, OM), and low (40–47 HV: PO, AE, HA, CM). For patients with high exposure to chromogenic foods, such as turmeric, material selection requires careful consideration of staining susceptibility, with HA and OM demonstrating superior color stability and recovery characteristics in this study.