bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Mathematics and Physical Science on Matriculantsâ€™ Overall Performances: Analysis Using Multilevel Model
Authors: Letsoalo M. E.
Published: April 2018

This comparative, cross-sectional, quantitative and ex-post-facto designed study used secondary and correlated data to compare the likelihood of passing matric between learners from Gauteng and Western Cape provinces, even after adjusting for subject-type. This study attempted to assess the relation between school resources input, subject offered, learnerâ€™s gender and learnersâ€™ academic achievements. The data used in this study were supplied by the Umalusi Council. The dataset contained 145783 matric learners (65245 [44.75%] males and 80538 [55.25%] females) who wrote the matric examinations in Gauteng and Western Cape provinces in November 2009. The unadjusted model indicated that learners in Western Cape were significantly 1.193 more likely to pass matric than learners in Gauteng province (p < 0.001, OR = 1.193, 95%CI: 1.164 - 1.223). The adjusted model results indicated that learners in the Western Cape province were 1.5122 more likely to pass matric when compared to learners in Gauteng province (p < 0.001, OR = 1.512, 95%CI: 1.471 - 1.555). These results indicate that the odds of passing matric, after adjusting for science subjects, increased in favour of learners in the Western Cape Province. It can be concluded that the Western Cape Province provides more enabling conditions to ensure matriculantsâ€™ superior performance. It is suggested the strategies to improve the quality of mathematics and science educators need to be implemented, especially in Gauteng province. Also, the policy that advocates for the differentiation approach should be adopted, as opposed to the current policy that advocates for a more general, rigid approach that does not recognise the inherent differences in the provinces.
Osseous metaplasia in an inflammatory polyp of the anal canal: A case report and a review of literature
Authors: Stevanovic Dejan , Aleksic Vuk , Stojanovic Dragos , Mitrovic Nebojsa , Jasarovic Damir , Bokun-Vukasinovic Zorana
Published: April 2018

Introduction. Osseous metaplasia is a heterotopic formation of bone and its appearance in benign gastrointestinal polyps is exceedingly rare. The mechanism responsible for this type of metaplasia is not fully understood, however it seems to be an innocent rare phenomenon. Case outline. We present a case of a 31-year-old male with mesenchimal osseal metaplasia in a large inflamatory polyp measuring 57 ? 23 ? 20 mm in diameter, located in the anal canal region. Conclusion. According to our knowledge, this is the largest gastrointestinal polyp with osseous metaplasia described so far. Although a rare phenomenon, there are certain characteristics of this disease, so we conducted a literature review and summarized these characteristics.
Space-time permutation model applied to the past outbreak data of lumpy skin disease in the Balkan Peninsula from august 2015 to july 2017
Authors: Stojmanovski Zharko
Published: April 2018

Introduction: In August 2015, lumpy skin disease (LSD) was notified for the first time in mainland European Union when it was observed in cattle in Greece. From August 2015 to July 2017, 1,757 outbreaks were reported in cattle in Greece, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Albania, Serbia, and Montenegro. Materials and Methods: The Kulldorff space-time permutation scan statistic contained in the software package SaTScan v 9.4.4 was used to analyse the epizootic past outbreak data and describe the spread of the disease in the 24 months after the first notification. Results and Conclusions:: Seventy-six space-time disease clusters (62 significant and 14 non-significant) were identified. In 2015, 10 clusters with a monthly peak in October (n=5, 50%) were identified, in 2016, the most (n=57) clusters were detected with monthly peak in July (n=15, 26.3%), and up to July 2017, nine clusters with a monthly peak in May (n=3, 3.3%) were determined. Possible high-risk areas were identified using the presented methodology, and so this technique could guide national veterinary authorities to formulate strategies for mitigating the spread of LSD, allocating resources and for formulating epidemiological preparedness plans in neighbouring, LSD-negative, countries.
Sustained Reduction in Severe Hypoglycemia in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes Complicated by Impaired Awareness of Hypoglycemia: Two-Year Follow-up in the HypoCOMPaSS Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Little Stuart A. , Speight Jane , Leelarathna Lalantha , Walkinshaw Emma , Tan Horng Kai , Bowes Anita , Lubina-Solomon Alexandra , Chadwick Thomas J. , Stocken Deborah D. , Brennand Catherine , Marshall Sally M. , Wood Ruth , Kerr David , Flanagan Daniel , Heller Simon R. , Evans Mark L. , Shaw James A.M.
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

Severe hypoglycemia is a feared complication of type 1 diabetes; yet, few trials have targeted prevention using optimized self-management (educational, therapeutic, and technological support). We aimed to investigate whether improved awareness and reduced severe hypoglycemia, achieved during an intensive randomized clinical trial (RCT), were sustained after return to routine care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Ninety-six adults with type 1 diabetes (29 ± 12 years’ duration) and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia at five U.K. tertiary referral diabetes centers were recruited into a 24-week 2 × 2 factorial RCT (HypoCOMPaSS). Participants were randomized to pump (continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion [CSII]) or multiple daily injections (MDIs) and real-time continuous glucose monitoring (RT-CGM) or self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG), with equal education/attention to all groups. At 24 weeks, participants returned to routine care with follow-up until 24 months, including free choice of MDI/CSII; RT-CGM vs. SMBG comparison continued to 24 months. Primary outcome was mean difference (baseline to 24 months [between groups]) in hypoglycemia awareness.

RESULTS

Improvement in hypoglycemia awareness was sustained (Gold score at baseline 5.1 ± 1.1 vs. 24 months 3.7 ± 1.9; P < 0.0001). Severe hypoglycemia rate was reduced from 8.9 ± 12.8 episodes/person-year over the 12 months prestudy to 0.4 ± 0.8 over 24 months (P < 0.0001). HbA1c improved (baseline 8.2 ± 3.2% [66 ± 12 mmol/mol] vs. 24 months 7.7 ± 3.1% [61 ± 10 mmol/mol]; P = 0.003). Improvement in treatment satisfaction and reduced fear of hypoglycemia were sustained. There were no significant differences between interventions at 24 months.

CONCLUSIONS

Optimized insulin replacement and glucose monitoring underpinned by hypoglycemia-focused structured education should be provided to all with type 1 diabetes complicated by impaired awareness of hypoglycemia.
Ethnic history of Eastern Adyghe people (Kabardians) of the 15th – the first third of the 19th centuries reflected in funerary practices
Authors: Fomenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich ,   Institute for the Humanities Research,  Kabardino-Balkarian Scientific Center of  the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2018

The study provides a general description of the Eastern Adyghe (Kabardian) sub-ethnic group in the period from the late Middle Ages until the 1920s. The author elaborates on the monuments of the Old Kabardian culture that have been developed in Ciscaucasia in the 15th – the first third of the 19th centuries. The periods of cultural development are distinguished. The dynamics of settling the territory by Eastern Adyghe sub-ethnic group is demonstrated. The tradition of burying the dead in burial mounds and ground cemeteries is generalized. The author notes the local version of pagan traditions as well as the influence of Christianity and Islam. The signs of social inequality are revealed as well. In the late 17th century, the Old Kabardian culture started to transform into the modern Kabardian culture. At that time, the first Muslim necropolises with stone mausoleums and tombstones were constructed. The author concluded that the Eastern Adyghe (Kabardian) sub-ethnic group followed a single path of development in the 15th – the first third of the 19th centuries. During this period, the Old Kabardian culture gradually evolved into a modern Kabardian culture characterized by prevailing Islamic traits.
Resentment as a social phenomenon of modern society
Authors:   Industrial University of Tyumen, Isachenko Nadezhda Nikolaevna
Published: April 2018

The phenomenon of resentment was first introduced at the end of the 19th century by Friedrich Nietzsche. Nowadays, it is of particular relevance to modern society. The dynamic social and cultural processes contribute to fundamental changes in society as well as have an impact on the development of consciousness and behavior of social actors. The ideas of European and Russian researchers considering resentment in the moral and ethical or axiological aspect and recognizing its role in the development of new values allow one to reconstruct this concept to some extent. From the standpoint of the social and philosophical approach, resentment is described as a social phenomenon which arises on the basis of social differentiation of society when it is impossible to meet the material and spiritual needs. The danger of resentment lies in its ability to be converted into a force that unites social actors, i.e. social movements that pose a threat to the stability of society.
The state policy of the population formation in Tyumen region in the 1960s–1980s
Authors: Gavrilova Nadezhda Yuryevna ,   Industrial University of Tyumen
Published: April 2018

The study reviews the formation of the Tyumen region population in the 1960s–1980s during the intensive development and arrangement of oil and gas fields. The lack of necessary manpower in the northern regions of Western Siberia brought up a problem with the population formation in the largest oil and gas province. This prospect of social policy had radically influenced the demographic processes in the region during the period under study. Migration became the main source of the population formation. The paper briefly presents the historiography of a comprehensive study on the gas and oil producing region at different stages of its development. The research identifies the major trends in the population formation processes in the areas of new industrial development at the stage of intensive development of oil and gas resources; examines the factors influencing the population growth, its demographic composition and educational attainment. The author concluded that industrial development of oil and gas producing areas in Western Siberia led to the qualitative changes in the population structure. The severe environment of northern regions and the specific nature of the production had an impact on the sex-age structure of the population. The predominance of the young and male population was the distinctive feature in the period under review. The Tyumen North development resulted in the increase in educational attainment. Thus, in the mid-1980s, there was the same number of educated people in this area as in the USSR as a whole.
Cardinal Lubomyr Husar as the Primate of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
Authors:   Kolomna Theological Seminary, Yasenitsky Vasiliy Matveyevich
Published: April 2018

The study discusses the archpastoral ministry, scientific and theologian activities of the Primate of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church, Cardinal and the Major Archbishop Lubomyr Husar. It reviews the major events of his life: his origin, education, pastoral and archpastoral ministry. The system of church-public and church-state views of this religious figure is described. The paper analyzes the ecumenical stand of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church taken by its primate in the context of its relationship with the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate and the religious organizations of non-canonical orthodoxy (Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church). The research evaluates the contribution of Cardinal Lubomyr Husar to the institutional development of the Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church in the first decade of the 20th century. The author concluded that Lubomyr Husar took an active part in developing the Ukrainian nationalism and shifting the focus of its policy on the continuing confrontation with the Russian Orthodox Church.
Several aspects of staffing system management to ensure the sustainable development of the municipality
Authors:   Belgorod State National  Research University, Astakhov Yury Viktorivich
Published: April 2018

The study analyzes the operation, interaction and mutual influence of the subsystems of vocational education and the labor market of the municipality which create a unified staffing system. At the same time, the above-mentioned system is to be reviewed as a set of the subsystems of vocational education and the labor market focused on achieving the strategic objectives of the municipality’s development through the concerted actions by all parties to it. In the author’s opinion, the system under review is considered to be effective if it can provide the municipality with the staff required and enhance its efficiency in the context of restrictions related to the demographic situation, sanctions imposed by the United States and the European Union against Russia as well as the lack of budgetary funds to train personnel according to the third-generation learning standards.
Young people on the labor market: are they an “owner”, a “partner”, or a “worker”?
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of  Economics and Management, Ilyinykh Svetlana Anatolyevna , Kameshkova Veronika Grigoryevna ,   Novosibirsk State University of  Economics and Management
Published: April 2018

The study deals with the problem of the youth self-determination on the labor market. To remain the most effective employees on the modern labor market, young people need to take a proactive approach to life and create a special type of their relationship with the employers, i.e. partnership. The respondents’ active attitude to life is investigated according to three indicators during the empirical research. These indicators include the desire of young people to have their own business, their behavior in unexpected circumstances, and the employment opportunities in their field of study. There are three categories of youth interaction with the employer. They are defined as an “owner”, a “partner”, and a “worker”. They differ in the ability to take responsibility. An “owner” is fully responsible for the activities. A “partner” wills to share the liability with a partner. A “worker” takes responsibility for the activities within his status. The paper presents the correlations of these types of relationship with the level of education and income.
The state migration policy of the Russian Federation: laws and regulations (by a case study of the Republic of Buryatia)
Authors:   East Siberia State University of  Technology and Management, Dashadondokova Aryuna Garmaevna
Published: April 2018

The paper deals with the regulation of migration processes in the Russian Federation. The research reviews the modern legislation, its challenges and implementation mechanism in the Republic of Buryatia. Analyzing the migration policy development in the post-Soviet period, the author concluded that migration public authorities took complex, contradictory, and inconsistent measures to manage migration processes. Nowadays, state authority activities are of dual nature. On the one hand, its main goal to attract foreign nationals is declared in the legislative instruments. On the other hand, federal government stays on the stable course to reduce the flow of low-skilled migrants. The number of enterprises and institutions (including commercial ones) employing foreign nationals has considerably increased in the Republic of Buryatia. There is a need for regulation of this process based on regional laws and regulations. However, the migration process in the region is developed as an incomplete system, as it faces the severe restrictions imposed by the federal authorities on the daily basis. In the author’s opinion, an effective state migration policy should take into account the peculiarities of the region. This, in turn, will lead to the social, economic, and demographic growth and ensure the national security of Russia in general and each region in particular.
Osmanlı Tekkelerinde Beslenme XVI. Yüzyılda İstanbul'daki Halveti Tekkeleri Örneği
Authors: BÖLÜKBAŞI Ayşe
Published: April 2018

XVI. yüzyılda

İstanbul'da mevcut Halveti tekkeleri beslenme ihtiyaçlarını karşıladıkları yer

açısından kendi matbahı olan tekkeler, beslenme ihtiyacını mensup olduğu

külliyenin imaretinden karşılayanlar ve beslenme ihtiyacını nereden karşıladığı

bilinmeyen tekkeler olarak üç gruba ayrılıyordu. Tekkelerin sağladığı beslenme

imkanlarından ise tekke personeli, şayet tekke külliye içinde bulunuyorsa

külliyenin diğer birimlerindeki görevliler, tekkenin etrafında yaşayan fakir

fukara, tekkede konaklayan misafirler, mübarek gün ve gecelerde tekkeye gelen

giden herkes istifade edebiliyordu. Tekkelerin geniş toplumsal kesimlere hizmet

vermesi birçok kişinin tekkelerle irtibata geçmesini sağlıyordu.

Vakfiyelerde

beslenme için ayrılan tahsisat, yemek hazırlayan görevliler, matbahta

kullanılan alet ve edevat gibi hususlarda ayrıntılı açıklamalar yapılmaktadır.

Ancak tekke matbahlarının fiziki özellikleri konusunda kısıtlı bilgiler vardır.

Tekke matbahları imaret gibi faaliyet gösteren devasa büyüklükte yapılar

olabildiği gibi daha mütevazı boyutlarda da olabiliyordu. Matbahlar mekânsal

açıdan incelendiğinde genellikle tekke matbahının selamlık ünitesi birimlerinin

yakınına yerleştirildiği tespit edilmektedir. Vakıf belgelerinde matbah dışında

taamhane, kilar, fırın gibi beslenme birimlerden de bahsedilmektedir. Bu

yapılar da çoğunlukla tekke matbahının yanında konumlandırılıyordu. 
“Cemiyet” Hareketinin Kuruluşu ve Siyasi Faaliyetlerine İlişkin Bazı Arşiv Kaynakları Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İDRİZİ Murtezan
Published: April 2018

Cemiyetin tam ismi “İslam Muhafaza-i Hukuk Cemiyeti”dir. Cemiyetin

ismi kendi başına merak uyandırmıştır. Bu cemiyet fiilen Müslüman Arnavutların

olduğu kadar Sırp, Hırvat ve Sloven Krallığı döneminde Müslümanlarla dini

ilişki içinde olan diğer etnik azınlıkların meşru siyasi partisiydi.

Bu araştırma cemiyetin kurulmasına yol açan gelişmeleri

ele almaktadır. Aynı zamanda bazı arşiv kaynakları ile parlamento

tutanaklarından bu siyasi cemiyetin faaliyetleri daha iyi anlaşılacaktır. Genel

olarak, vahşice Türkiye’nin yerini alma, Slavlar tarafından Arnavutluk topraklarının

sömürgeleştirilmesi gibi vurgulanan çeşitli problemler neticesinde, cemiyet

Arnavutlar ile diğer Müslüman azınlıkların haklarını koruyan siyasi bir örgüt

gibi düşünülebilir.

Arnavutlardan toprak gaspı ve bu toprakların Sırp

göçmenlere verilmesi bir tarım reformu olarak anlaşılmıştır. Ancak buna

ilaveten, ana dilde eğitim yasağı sıkı bir şekilde uygulanıyordu ve Sırpça

günlük kullanımda resmi lisandı. Ayrıca, Arnavutça gazete ve dergi basımı

yasaktı. Şimdiye kadar hükümet onları en sert şekilde cezalandırabilmek için

Arnavutlara yönelik çeşitli tuzaklar kurmuştu.
Ultrases Ön İşleminin Havuç Dilimlerinin Kuruma Karakteristikleri Üzerine Etkisi
Authors: TÜFEKÇİ Senem , ÖZKAL Sami Gökhan
Published: April 2018

Sıcak hava öncesi

uygulanan ultrasonik ön işlemin havuç dilimlerinin kurutma karakteristikleri

üzerine etkisi araştırılmıştır. Ön işlem için 20 kHz frekansa sahip ultrases

üreten bir prob kullanılmış olup ön işlem süresi 20, 40, 60 dakika ve ultrases

genliği %55 ve %100 olarak seçilmiştir. Kurutucunun hava hızı 0.3 m/s olup, kurutma

sıcaklığı 50°C ve 60°C olarak seçilmiştir. Artan ön işlem sürelerinde ve

genliklerde havuç dilimlerinin kuruma hızları artarken, kuruma zamanı

kısalmıştır. Havuç dilimlerinin kuruma kinetiğini açıklayan en uygun modellerin

Page ve Modifiye Page modelleri olduğu saptanmıştır. Artan genlikle beraber

havuç dilimlerinin dokusunda meydana gelen zarar taramalı elektron mikroskobu

görüntülerinde belirgin bir şekilde görülmüştür.
Soğuk Pres Üzüm Çekirdeği Yağı Atığının Düşük Yağlı Yağ/ Su Emülsiyonların Reolojik Özelliklerine Etkisi
Authors: KARASU Salih , ÇETİN Bayram , TOKER Ömer Said
Published: April 2018

Bu çalışmada soğuk pres üzüm çekirdeği yağı

atığının, yağı azaltılmış emülsiyonların üretiminde kullanım olanakları

araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla üzüm çekirdeği yağı atığı ve yağ oranının

emülsiyonların akış davranış, dinamik ve 3ITT reolojik özelliklerine etkisi

incelenmiştir. Yağ oranı %10 ve %30 olan iki farklı kontrol örnekleri

hazırlanmış, %2 ve %4 üzüm çekirdeği yağı atığı içeren emülsiyonlar

üretilmiştir. Örneklerin akış davranış reolojik özellikleri, Hershel-Buckley model ile modellenmiş ve

kıvam katsayısı (K), akış davranış

indeksi (n) ve akma gerilimi (s0)

değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Örneklerin K

değerlerine, yağ ve atık oranın etkisi önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.05).  Örneklerin K değerleri 1.39 ile 3.39 Pasn

arasında tespit edilmiş ve en düşük K

değeri yağı azaltılmış örnekten elde edilmiştir. %2 ve %4 üzüm çekirdeği yağı

atığı ilavesiyle, örneklerin K değerlerinde

önemli bir iyileşme gözlemlenmiştir. Örneklerin dinamik reolojik özelliklerine,

yağ oranı ve üzüm çekirdeği yağı atığı oranının etkisi önemli bulunmuştur

(p<0.05). Bütün örneklerin G' değeri G'' değerlerinden yüksek çıkmıştır,

yani tüm örnekler viskoelastik katı karakter sergilemiştir. Örneklerin geri

toparlanma özellikleri, 3-ITT reolojik özellikleri test edilerek

belirlenmiştir. Örnekler 40 s boyunca

yüksek düzeyde (150 s-1) kayma

hızına maruz bırakılmış ve sonraki zaman aralığında geri toparlanma eğilimleri

gözlenmiştir. Bu araştırma sonuçları, üzüm çekirdeği yağı atıklarının, yağı

azaltılmış emülsiyonlarda yapıyı güçlendirici olarak kullanılabileceğini

önermektedir.
Microbiological Risks Related with Raw Materials in Halva Production and Detection of Microbiological Critical Control Points
Authors: AYDIN Ferid , BAŞARAN Burhan
Published: April 2018

A few studies in the literature reported that

infections were developed due to the consumption of some halva products exported

from Turkey. In this respect, this research aims to monitor and evaluate the

microbiological risks originating from raw material in tahini halva production

unit of a food company implementing ISO 22000. For this purpose, 12 different

samples were taken from different sampling points in halva production processes

and analyses have been performed. Results evaluated according to the decision

tree method indicated that Salmonella spp. was present in sesame, and

pistachio was unsuitable in terms of mould and yeast load. Sesame Roasting and

Viscous Cooking steps were defined as critical control points as the temperature-time

based treatments in these steps eliminate the microbiological risks arising

from raw-materials. Furthermore, cocoa powder and pistachio raw-materials input

validation operations were also defined as critical control points.
De nuevo sobre los concejales no adscritos (a propósito de la Sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional 151/2017, de 21 de diciembre)
Authors: De la Torre Martínez Lourdes
Published: April 2018

En este trabajo analizamos la Sentencia del TC 151/2017, que da un paso adelante en la configuración de los derechos que corresponden a los concejales no adscritos, inherentes al art. 23.2 CE. En particular, nos referimos al derecho a la participación en la actividad de control del gobierno local cuando se trata de presentar una moción de censura contra el Alcalde. De esta manera, el TC reconoce la aplicación del citado derecho a todos los concejales, eliminando el quorum reforzado exigido por el art. 197.1 letra a) párrafo 3 LOREG a los concejales no adscritos, sin diferenciar las circunstancias ni los objetivos, no necesariamente fraudulentos, que pudieron llevar a esa desvinculación y declarando su nulidad.
Creating the Deserved Protection: Reflections on Civilian Joint Task Force Counter-insurgency Operations in the North-Eastern Region of Nigeria
Authors: Bamidele 'Seun
Published: April 2018

This article considers the role of the Civilian Joint Task Force (popularly called CJTF), a group of armed local population participating in the joint battle against Boko Haram, has become a platform for recruitment into the Nigerian security institutions in north-eastern Nigeria. CJTF members have played many roles, from mostly discrete surveillance networks in the north-eastern region of Nigeria to military combat auxiliaries or semi-autonomous fighting forces in the country. For the regionâ€™s overstretched and under pressure militaries, they have somewhat filled the security gap and provided local knowledge. CJTF can be a powerful counter-insurgency tool, but there is a compelling need to confront the immediate concerns it raises, notably in terms of impunity, and to begin planning for its long-term post-conflict transformation. The article adopts Galulaâ€™s theory of counter-insurgency. It reveals several lessons in how a community-based security structure can be applied to a conventional security engagement.
Front Matter
Authors: Weber Zach , McKubre-Jordens Maarten , Girard Patrick
Published: April 2018

Editors' Introduction and List of Contributors
Paraconsistent Measurement of the Circle
Authors: Weber Zach , McKubre-Jordens Maarten
Published: April 2018

A theorem from Archimedes on the area of a circle is proved in a setting where some inconsistency is permissible, by using paraconsistent reasoning. The new proof emphasizes that the famous method of exhaustion gives approximations of areas closer than any consistent quantity. This is equivalent to the classical theorem in a classical context, but not in a context where it is possible that there are inconsistent innitesimals. The area of the circle is taken 'up to inconsistency'. The fact that the core of Archimedes's proof still works in a weaker logic is evidence that the integral calculus and analysis more generally are still practicable even in the event of inconsistency.
Hybridized Paracomplete and Paraconsistent Logics
Authors: Caret Colin
Published: April 2018

This paper contributes to the study of paracompleteness and paraconsistency. We present two logics that address the following questions in novel ways. How can the paracomplete theorist characterize the formulas that defy excluded middle while maintaining that not all formulas are of this kind? How can the paraconsistent theorist characterize the formulas that obey explosion while still maintaining that there are some formulas not of this kind?
FDE Circumscription
Authors: Skurt Daniel
Published: April 2018

In his article "Reassurance via Translation" Marcel Crabbe proposed a formalism to obtain reassurance and classical recapture in the setting of minimal FDE. His formalism proved to be general enough to be extended in order to formalize other forms of non-monotonic systems based on preference relations. It is the aim of this article to show how his result can be extended in a natural way by combining two different reasoning systems, namely minimal FDE and circumscription, in order to get a paraconsistent and paracomplete version of circumscription, which we will call paracomplistent circumscription, which has the advantages of FDE and circumscription but is neither explosive nor lacks modus ponens in consistent contexts. Furthermore, we will complete a proof Crabbe left unﬁnished.
Diverging Paths? Employment Relations in New Zealand and Denmark in the 1990's
Authors: Rasmussen Erling , Lind Jens
Published: April 2018

This paper discusses two interlinked topics: the shifts in the employment relations system and the role of unions in the two countries. An initial impression is that there is a growing divergence between the employment relations systems in the two countries over the last fifteen years. The implementation of free-market policies in New Zealand can be contrasted with a more mixed philosophical basis of the Danish reforms. However, the paper tries to demonstrate through an analysis of key employment relations regulations that a more complex pattern of divergence and convergence exists. When it comes to the role of unions, the paper presents a clear-cut divergence pattern. This raises two questions. Why have the Danish unions avoided the widespread decline in unionism? Why has the decline in union presence been so marked in New Zealand, and will the unions rebound from this decline?
A Developmental Work Research (DWR) Study of Team and Organisational Learning at DHL Worldwide Express
Authors: Hill Roberta , Capper Phillip , Hawes Kathryn , Wilson Ken
Published: April 2018

The environment in which New Zealand businesses and public agencies operate is volatile, complex and uncertain. Organisations face a wide and competing range of demands. Managers and employees need to collaborate across functions, business units and teams. Practical research approaches are needed to help support them.This paper illustrates how a developmental work research (DWR) approach can support business process improvements and organisational/earning in continuously-changing, complex environments. We present findings from a PGSF study of cross-functional team problem-solving and learning at DHL Worldwide Express in Christchurch between April1997 and June 1998. The study used DWR methods, including analysis of videotaped meetings, developed at the University of Helsinki and the University of California San Diego by Engestrom and his colleagues (1996b).We describe how DWR was used to: analyse a process improvement initiative, or 'problem-trajectory', and how disturbances and tensions within this work activity reveal the underlying contradictions in DHL's operational and training systems; and identify opportunities for comprehensive system innovations that have a marked impact on productivity, efficiency and customer service.
Education and Training in the Labour Force
Authors: O'Neill Raewyn
Published: April 2018

In their 1997 green paper on tertiary education the Ministry of Education said, "to ensure our prosperity New Zealand needs to be a 'learning society' recognising the importance for all of our people to continue to develop new skills and knowledge throughout a person’s lifetime." Given the importance of an educated and adaptable workforce, there is surprisingly little information available on education and training undertaken in New Zealand. While some information is collected on those enrolled in study towards formal education qualifications, there is little available information on human capital development beyond this. One of the few sources of information is the Education and Training Survey (ETS), conducted in September 1996. This paper uses information collected in the ETS to look at the characteristics of those participating in education and training as well as the barriers to and reasons for participation in education and training. lt then goes on to compare the labour market outcomes of those people who participated in education and training with those who did not.
The Partnership Approach to Local Employment Generation: Selected Urban Initiatives in New Zealand
Authors: De Bruin Anne , Power Grant
Published: April 2018

Local initiatives for employment creation are vital to the mitigation of high unemployment levels of Maori and Pacific Group people in New Zealand. In order that local communities be empowered to determine their own outcomes, however; government, both local and central, private business and community partnerships working to common agendas, are increasingly being seen as a step in the right direction. This paper examines the extent to which the partnership approach to employment creation operates in some labour market disadvantaged urban communities. It details some of the current projects in operation and comments on their progress. It asks if there are common elements which assist the success of such initiatives.
The Factor Shares Debate: An Update
Authors: Bertram Geoff
Published: April 2018

The division of the national product between capital and labour is an old topic in economic theory but since the ending of New Zealand's old system of national accounts which were prepared on an income basis; it has been harder to track the trends in factor shares in New Zealand. The paper assembles figures to see whether there is any sign that the change in political conjuncture (and hence potentially the balance of power in the labour market) in the mid-1980s had any effect on factor shares in the product. The hypothesis is that the 1984 election marked the end of a long period of relative gains for labour at the expense of capital, and was followed in the following two decades by a trend in the other direction, to which the Employment Contracts Act might have contributed. As usual the numbers speak only softly and have to be interpreted with the greatest caution.
Policy Change and Patterns of Domestic Purposes Benefit Receipt: A Multiple Cohort Analysis Using Benefit Dynamics Data
Authors: Wilson Moira , Ball Deborah
Published: April 2018

Since 1996, the abatement regime and conditions of entitlement facing sole pare Ills in receipt of the Domestic Purposes Benefit have changed markedly. These changes were intended to increase sole parents' likelihood of supporting themselves and their families through paid employment. Were they effective in raising levels of participation in part time and full-time work? This paper addresses this question using a multiple cohort analysis based on administrative data on benefit dynamics. It finds marked differences in the declared earnings of successive cohorts that coincided with the 1996 and 1997 Employment Task Force reforms, and strongly suggest that those reforms increased DPB recipients’ participation in part-time employment. lt finds no marked differences in declared earnings propensities following the 1999 DPB reforms, but marked increases in the probability of being off benefit which appear to at least partly reflect policy impacts on full-time employment propensities. lt is possible that compositional changes associated with these increases mask changes in part-time employment propensities. This is an area for further work.
Regional Labour Market Dynamics and Economics Participation: The Mediation Role of Education and Training Institutions
Authors: Bartley Allen , Dupuis Ann , De Bruin Anne
Published: April 2018

Since the late 1970s in New Zealand, education and training have been essential elements as governments have grappled with maintaining and increasing the employability of the labour force. This paper reports on one phase of the Labour Market Dynamics and Economic Participation research programme which addresses the role that education and training institutions play in mediating labour supply and demand and promoting economic participation within various New Zealand regional labour markets. The paper refines and extends some of the key concepts of the Department of Labour's Human Capability Framework to explore the effectiveness of regional education and training institutions, and other intersecting regional and national organisations, in mediating regional labour market supply and demand.
The Role of Community Employment Creation: Lessons and Challenges for a New Era
Authors: De Bruin Anne , Power Grant , Toko Shayne
Published: April 2018

This paper takes as its starting point the need for community level action as an immediate step toward 'Closing the Gaps'. The focus is on local employment initiatives underpinned by a broader approach to community development. New Zealand case studies are used to illustrate. The paper examines the development and refinement of an alternative framework - positive spirals of ‘societal capital’. This is differentiated from the concept of social capital. The role of the Community Advisor is also discussed. Lessons are drawn for the future.
Changing Employment Practices in the New Zealand Telecommunications Sector: Workforce Reorganisation and Restructuring at Telecom New Zealand
Authors: Ross Peter K.
Published: April 2018

In line with the large-scale reforms instituted by the New Zealand government in the 1980s, the New Zealand post office was broken up and a state owned enterprise (SOÂ£), the Telecom Corporation of New Zealand (TCNZ), was formed in 1987. In 1990 TCNZ was fully privatised with the major shareholders, Bell Atlantic and Ameritech, being US owned companies. There followed a decade of organisational and structural change. Between 1990 and 2000 the fulltime workforce at TCNZ was reduced from 16 000 to less than 6000 fulltime workers as the firm evolved into a new leaner model (TCNZ annual reports). Such workforce reductions were largely achieved through outsourcing and the introduction of new technologies. But the scale of downsizing at TCNZ raises questions about the possible loss of core knowledge and the long-term sustainability of these strategies. Transaction costs associated with 'relationship management' -such as, the coordination and monitoring of outsourced work - may also reduce their effectiveness. This paper draws on transaction costs economics (TCE) and downsizing theories to help explain why firms may choose to either outsource their transactions to the marketplace or perform them in-house. It further examines what the implications of TCE may be for employment relations (ER). This paper suggests that a number of additional factors outside of the traditional TCE analysis also contributed to the restructuring and ER strategies at TCNZ. These included, short-term profit considerations, the size of the New Zealand telecommunications market, TCNZ's continued dominance of its domestic market and the desire to form strategic alliances. Therefore, these additional factors may need to be integrated into the TCE framework if it is to provide a possible model that will assist in analysing the changing workforce structure at TCNZ since deregulation.
Longitudinal Survey of Income, Employment and Family Dynamics
Authors: Briggs Janette
Published: April 2018

Statistics New Zealand has completed the feasibility study for a Longitudinal Survey of Income, Employment and Family Dynamics, and is now in the process of implementing the recommended methodology for this survey. Data collection begins in April 2002. The survey will provide information about changes over time in the economic wellbeing of individuals, and factors influencing that change such as labour market behaviour and changes in family structure. From an initial panel of households the individuals selected will be interviewed and re-interviewed once every 12 months for 8 years. The paper describes the information to be collected, output variables and types of analysis possible with longitudinal data. Policy uses of the data are briefly discussed, with selected examples of overseas analysis using longitudinal survey information.
Functional Labour Markets Revealed by Travel to Work Data 1991 and 2001
Authors: Newell James , Perry Martin
Published: April 2018

Regional labour market analysis is ideally based on functional rather than administrative areas. Travel-to-work data obtained from the 1991 and 2001 Census are used to define a set of functional labour markets for New Zealand. Considerable stability is found in the boundaries of the identified labour markets 1991 and 2001 although with a reduction in the number of areas from 140 to 106. The overall stability in the identified areas suggests that they provide a robust basis for regional analysis. The reduction in the number of areas is explained in part by data deficiencies associated with the 2001 Census and in some instances by changes in commuting patterns.
Knowledge Intensive Production: The Case of the Furniture Industry
Authors: Harris Paul
Published: April 2018

New Zealand is currently debating its potential to contribute to what is commonly known as the "knowledge economy". In discussing the knowledge economy, politicians and certain academics tend to reduce it to industries such as information technology and biotechnology. However, both skill and design are forms of knowledge that are incorporated into value-added products such as high quality furniture. Denmark and Italy are two countries that have taken the lead in the export of such products.This paper explores the role of skill and design in the Italian and Danish furniture industry in comparison with developments in the NZ furniture industry.
The Future of Work: The Significance of Non-Standard Work in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Spoonley Paul
Published: April 2018

Across the OECD, there is a significant decline in standard/typical work or employment relations and the growing presence of what is broadly (and inadequately) referred to as non-standard work. It is most obviously represented by part-time and temporary employment, accompanied by a growing variety of fixed term and contract arrangements, own account self-employment, agency-mediated and portfolio work. An increasing proportion of the workforce do not work under traditional employment contracts, at an employer’s place of work for specified and regular hours or with any certainty of long-term employment. The broad question is whether the work patterns which prevailed for the second half of the twentieth century represented a unique period of welfare and employment conditions and that we are now seeing major structural change that will eventually lead to new ways of working for most in the labour force. The rise of nonstandard work appears to be a response by employers to contain labour costs and to introduce a greater degree of numerical flexibility Oust-in-time labour), to externalise employment and, to an extent, management, to screen workers before employing them on a permanent basis and to develop new organisational strategies and networks such as joint arrangements and alliances. But there are also major policy and welfare considerations, especially as standard work has defined employer-employee relations and responsibilities, as well as access to state provisions. One effect has been to transfer costs and responsibilities (eg training, worker and their dependent's welfare) from a firm to individuals. However, non-standard work also reflects a choice by some to enhance personal autonomy in the work environment and to develop a better work-life balance. Non-standard work is not necessarily sub-standard work. There is considerable variability in the conditions and choices faced by non-standard workers. Some of this variability will be highlighted here, based on recent research on skilled non-standard workers in New Zealand. 1
Mothers Resturning to Paid Employment Rewarding National Service?
Authors: Ang Ee Kheng , Briar Celia
Published: April 2018

It might appear in the early 2 1'1 Century, as if the employment needs of mothers returning to paid work are simply overlooked by policy makers. State employment policies occur within a 'hands off' framework, which apparently leaves major hiring and firing decisions to employers. What state intervention does occur is enacted within a rhetoric of choice, equality and fairness at work.However, the state has played, and arguably continues to play, a decisive role in terms of who gets access to what work, and under what terms and conditions. At some points in history this is more obvious than at others. Wartime recruitment and demobilisation practices highlight some key aspects of gendered employment policies and the 'sexual contract' which are present but less obvious at other times.This paper contrasts the treatment of a male-dominated group of workers in New Zealand in the period after World War 11, ex-services personnel, with that currently experienced by parents (mainly mothers) returning to paid employment after time spent raising children.
Migration and Population Forecasts for the Western Bay of Plenty, 2001-2051: Implications for the Labour Force and Household Composition
Authors: Bedford Richard , Dharmalingan A.
Published: April 2018

The Bay of Plenty Regional Council and the Western Bay and Tauranga District Councils are currently exploring growth options for the period 2001-2051. A critical determinant of their forecasts for the regional economy and the infrastructure and environment that will support significant population growth over the next 50 years is migration. In this paper we explore two different ways of building net migration assumptions into subnational projections. The method currently employed by Statistics New Zealand assumes, by definition, a declining rate of migration for most age groups in a region which is experiencing quite rapid population growth. We examine the implications for projections of the labour force age groups of a method that assumes constant age-specific rates of net migration, rather than constant levels of net migration. The alternative method takes account of the significant changes in the age structure of New Zealand's population over the next 50 years and generates a larger, older workforce (and elderly population) than the method currently employed by Statistics New Zealand The implications of the different methods of estimating the contribution of net migration to population growth are also explored for household composition over the 50 year period.
Information Technology Use and Employment Change in New Zealand Industries
Authors: Hector Chris
Published: April 2018

The last quarter of the 20th century was marked by rapid uptake of new information and communication technologies (ICT) with far-reaching effects in workplace organization. These changes have consequent effects on demand patterns in the labour market, with less educated workers facing declining opportunities. In this paper Census of Population data from 1991, 1996 and 2001 are used to investigate changes in employment demand by education level for full-time workers in 58 industries covering the entire New Zealand economy. To explore the role of technical change, data on industry use of computers from the 1996 Input-Output tables are related to the changes in employment levels for workers at different levels of education. The findings suggest that declining employment opportunities for workers who only have school level qualifications or less are strongly concentrated amongst the industries with higher ICT uptake.
Factors Influencing Enterprise Training: Evidence From New Zealand
Authors: Blumenfeld Stephen , Malik Ashish
Published: April 2018

Information gleaned from the 2003 New Zealand Skills and Training Survey, conducted as a part of a joint study by Business New Zealand and Industry Training Federation and supported by the New Zealand Department of Labour's Future of Work Contestable Fund, are used to assess, within the New Zealand context, the relative impact various factors generally known to influence provision of training in o ther countries. For the purposes of this paper, factors suggested by academic literature as likely determinants of training are grouped under two broad categories: enterprise characteristics and employee demographics. Measures of these influences are specified as independent variables in linear and logistic regressions used to derive estimates of the extent to which each factor affects various aspects of skills development and training in New Zealand enterprises. Indices of training volume and training diversity, which gauge the nature and extent of training in these organizations, are employed as dependent variables in these regressions. Results of this analysis suggest, among other things, that firm size and casualisation of workforce are the most significant factors affecting the provision of training by New Zealand employers.