bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multimodal Research Approach to Assessing the Karst Structural Conditions of the Ceiling of a Cave with Palaeolithic Cave Art Paintings: Polychrome Hall at Altamira Cave (Spain)
Authors: Bayarri Vicente , Prada Alfredo , García Francisco
Published: November 2023

Integrating geomatics remote sensing technologies, including 3D terrestrial laser scanning, unmanned aerial vehicles, and ground penetrating radar enables the generation of comprehensive 2D, 2.5D, and 3D documentation for caves and their surroundings. This study focuses on the Altamira Cave’s karst system in Spain, resulting in a thorough 3D mapping encompassing both cave interior and exterior topography along with significant discontinuities and karst features in the vicinity. Crucially, GPR mapping confirms that primary vertical discontinuities extend from the near-surface (Upper Layer) to the base of the Polychrome layer housing prehistoric paintings. This discovery signifies direct interconnections helping with fluid exchange between the cave’s interior and exterior, a groundbreaking revelation. Such fluid movement has profound implications for site conservation. The utilization of various GPR antennas corroborates the initial hypothesis regarding fluid exchanges and provides concrete proof of their occurrence. This study underscores the indispensability of integrated 3D mapping and GPR techniques for monitoring fluid dynamics within the cave. These tools are vital for safeguarding Altamira, a site of exceptional significance due to its invaluable prehistoric cave paintings.
Identifying the Early Post-Mortem VOC Profile from Cadavers in a Morgue Environment Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
Authors: Patel Darshil , Dargan Rushali , Burr Wesley S. , Daoust Benoit , Forbes Shari
Published: November 2023

Understanding the VOC profile released during the early post-mortem period is essential for applications in training human remains detection dogs and urban search and rescue operations (USAR) to rapidly locate living and deceased victims. Human cadavers were sampled at the UQTR morgue within a 0–72 h post-mortem interval. VOC samples were collected from the headspace above the cadavers, using Tenax TA/Carbograph 5TD dual sorbent tubes, and analyzed using GC×GC-TOFMS. Multiple data processing steps, including peak table alignment and filtering, were undertaken using LECO ChromaToF and custom scripts in R programming language. This study identified 104 prevalent VOCs, some of which are linked to human decomposition, while others are connected to the persistence of living scent. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) further highlighted that VOC profiles can change dynamically over time, even in a controlled setting. The findings underscore the complexity and variability in VOC profiles during the early post-mortem period. This variability is influenced by multiple factors including the individual’s biological and physiological conditions. Despite the challenges in characterizing these profiles, the identified VOCs could potentially serve as markers in forensic applications. The study also highlights the need for additional research to build a dataset of VOCs for more robust forensic applications.
A Quantitative Study on the Factors Influencing Implementation of Cybersecurity Laws and Regulations in Pakistan
Authors: Bokhari Syed Asad Abbas
Published: November 2023

The phenomenon of law implementation has received limited attention, despite the clear evidence that it is influenced by various factors prevalent in the country, and these factors can have an impact on and obstruct the effective implementation of legislation. The primary objective of this study was to analyze the critical factors that impact the implementation of cybersecurity laws in developing nations, such as Pakistan. The prevalence of corruption, a major hindrance to the implementation of cybersecurity laws and regulations, emerged as the most influential factor in Pakistan. Additionally, factors such as discrimination, illicit conduct, expertise, ambiguity, and public confidence significantly influenced the implementation of cybersecurity laws in Pakistan. A survey was conducted among managers from banking and IT firms to collect data samples on the factors that could potentially impact the implementation of the law. The findings from a sample of 172 respondents revealed that corruption, discrimination, illicit conduct, and ambiguity appeared to have a significant negative influence on cybersecurity law implementation, whereas expertise and public confidence emerged to have a significant positive influence on the implementation of cybersecurity laws in Pakistan. This study suggests that the government of Pakistan should consider various measures such as providing training, improving capacity building, fostering institutional cooperation, strengthening legislative conviction, and promoting global collaborations to enhance the implementation of cybersecurity.
Advancing Sustainability: Effective Strategies for Carbon Footprint Reduction in Seaports across the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Acuña Liliana Centanaro , Caceres Esteban Ochoa , Campo Brayan Caballero , Bortoluzzi Edson Campanhola , Neckel Alcindo , Moreno-Ríos Andrea Liliana , Dal Moro Leila , Oliveira Marcos L. S. , de Vargas Mores Giana , Ramos Claudete Gindri
Published: November 2023

Colombian port terminals in the Caribbean are being called upon to increase the sustainability of their operations to better fit with the environmental dynamics of their locations. Within this context, the Palermo Sociedad Portuaria (PSP) has taken a proactive stance in identifying the factors contributing to its CO2 emissions. This study evaluated the CO2 emissions of the PSP in 2019 and 2020 and, through the implementation of sustainable practices (rock dust spreading, composting and reducing the burning of fossil fuels), examined the mitigation of the port’s carbon footprint (CF) in the year 2022. Based on collaborative management results and efforts, a set of viable mitigation strategies adapted to port operations was formulated. Viability was assessed through monitoring of the practical implementations encompassing initiatives such as fuel reduction, waste composting and the application of rock dust. The introduction of the CARE system in the operational equipment led to a reduction in fuel consumption over five periods—amounting to an overall emission decrease of 1629 metric tons of CO2 equivalent (ton CO2 eq). Meanwhile, the strategic composting of waste generated by port activities (including organic waste, hand towels, coffee grounds and landscaping waste) resulted in the potential reduction of 2 metric tons of CO2 annually. The application of rock dust (10 kg m−2) in the available green spaces within the operational areas contributed to a decrease of 0.00080543 ton CO2 eq over 45 days. The implementation of these three key measures over the course of a year has the potential to prevent the release of 37 ton CO2 eq, signifying a 2% decrease in overall CF when compared to the base year of 2020. This investigation was rooted in the current operational reality of the port terminal and its correlated activities. The strategies deployed underscore the feasibility of low-cost solutions that can be emulated across port terminals in pursuit of the holistic aspirations encapsulated in the concepts of a “green port” and a “smart port”.
Spatial and Temporal Patterns of Green Energy Development in China
Authors: Yang Ye , Wang Zegen , Zhang Ying , Jiang Jiulin , He Jiwu
Published: November 2023

The development of non-conventional energy sources is not only an important guarantee for national energy security but also a key support for the realization of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. However, there is limited knowledge of the spatial and temporal patterns and changing characteristics of green energy development in China. Here, based on the energy production and consumption data of the last decade, we combined the gravity center model and statistical model to assess the spatial and temporal patterns of non-conventional energy in 31 provinces of China. The research results show: (1) under the impetus of the development of green low-carbon and ecological civilization strategy, the rate of increase in the production of non-conventional energy in China and the proportion of it increase year by year, and the energy structure obviously presents the characteristics of being low-carbon and cleaner. (2) For the spatial patterns of non-conventional energy development, due to the development of wind power and photovoltaic constraints by natural resource conditions and technology, their development trend is best in northeast, north, and northwest China. (3) The generation of PV and wind power is dominated by northwest China and north China, and the generation of nuclear power is dominated by southeast China, whereas the consumption is dominated by east China and central China; there is an obvious spatial imbalance between non-conventional energy production and consumption. (4) The proportion of photovoltaics in non-conventional energy production has increased significantly over the 2010–2020 period, which is the main driver of the overall shift in the gravity center of non-conventional energy production towards the northwest region of China. (5) In recent years, the gradual transfer of industries from the east to the central and western regions of China and the improvement in the economic level of the western regions have led to an increase in energy production and consumption, promoting a shift in the gravity center of energy production and consumption to the west. Overall, the structural transformation of China’s energy production and consumption (from a high-carbon black structure to a low-carbon and carbon-free green structure) is progressing, and some provinces have achieved significant results, presenting a non-conventional energy industry in accordance with local conditions and the development trend of the non-conventional energy industry.
Evaluation Method for Green Construction Demonstration Projects in China Based on G-TOPSIS
Authors: Sun Gangzhu , Zhang Xiaoyue , Yan Yadan , Lu Yao , Zhang Xiaoqin
Published: November 2023

Although the construction industry has played an important role in promoting national economic growth, over the past decades, construction activities have caused serious negative impacts on the ecological environment. Faced with this challenge, many countries have made promoting the greening of the construction industry one of their development goals. As a high-level demonstration project for green construction, Green Construction Demonstration Projects (GC-DPs) play a significant role in improving the level of green construction and promoting the green development of the construction industry. This study aims to establish a reasonable GC-DP evaluation method to promote the development of green construction in China. An evaluation index system is constructed, including five criterion layers, 20 main factors, and 60 sub-factors. Sixty sub-factors correspond to 60 specific indicators. The combination optimization of subjective and objective weights of indicators is conducted using game theory, and the comprehensive weights of indicators are calculated. Furthermore, a GC-DP evaluation model based on the gray TOPSIS method with game theory combination weights (hereinafter referred to as G-TOPSIS) is established. Finally, a case study is carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. Expert scoring and actual engineering data are used to calculate indicator weights, and game theory is utilized to balance the influence of subjective and objective factors. Results show that the evaluation results obtained using the proposed G-TOPSIS method are consistent with the actual situation of the project.
An Impact-Centered, Sustainable, Positive Experience Design Model
Authors: Wu Chunmao , Wang Xuan , Li Pei
Published: November 2023

The pursuit of sustainable well-being is one of the research objectives of positive experience design. Therefore, this paper aims to provide an impact-centered, sustainable, positive experience design model. First, the literature review method was used to define the research status and concept of impact-centered, sustainable design. Second, an impact-centered, sustainable, positive experience design model was constructed, and relevant formulas for concept generation and evaluation were proposed. Third, design verification was conducted through a workshop. Finally, the technology acceptance model questionnaire was used to evaluate and discuss the design model. An impact-centered sustainable positive design model was proposed, which included the important impact dimensions of sensory experience and meaningful experience on users’ qualities of life at different levels: healthy living (pleasure index and health behavior), harmonious community (social connectivity and social contribution), and livable environment (living environment and environmental contribution). Based on positive experience-related theory, this study takes long-term impacts as the starting point for a sustainable, positive experience design, which helps designers generate design concepts from a systematic and long-term perspective.
Enhancing Indoor Navigation in Intelligent Transportation Systems with 3D RIF and Quantum GIS
Authors: Singh Jaiteg , Tyagi Noopur , Singh Saravjeet , AlZubi Ahmad Ali , AlZubi Firas Ibrahim , Sehra Sukhjit Singh , Ali Farman
Published: November 2023

Innovative technologies have been incorporated into intelligent transportation systems (ITS) to improve sustainability, safety, and efficiency, hence revolutionising traditional transportation. The combination of three-dimensional (3D) indoor building mapping and navigation is a groundbreaking development in the field of ITS. A novel methodology, the “Three-Dimensional Routing Information Framework “(3D RIF), is designed to improve indoor navigation systems in the field of ITS. By leveraging the Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS), this framework can produce three-dimensional routing data and incorporate sophisticated routing algorithms to handle the complexities associated with indoor navigation. The paper provides a detailed examination of how the framework can be implemented in transport systems in urban environments, with a specific focus on optimising indoor navigation for various applications, including emergency services, tourism, and logistics. The framework includes real-time updates and point-of-interest information, thereby enhancing the overall indoor navigation experience. The 3D RIF’s framework boosts the efficiency and effectiveness of intelligent transportation services by optimising the utilisation of internal resources. The research outcomes are emphasised, demonstrating a mean enhancement of around 25.51% in travel. The measurable enhancement highlighted in this statement emphasises the beneficial influence of ITS on the efficiency of travel, hence underscoring the significance of the ongoing progress in this field.
Plant-Soil Carbon Storage in Dynamic Succession of Ecological Restoration in National Grassland Natural Park
Authors: Wang Junfang , Han Guodong , Wang Zhaoming , Yun Jinfeng , Wang Zhongwu , Li Zhiguo , Lv Shijie , Qin Jie
Published: November 2023

Ecological restoration has a positive impact on global climate change. How plant-soil stores carbon in degraded grassland ecological restoration requires long-term monitoring and support. To reveal the dynamics of plant-soil carbon storage in the succession process of ecological restoration, compare the effects of artificial interference and natural restoration, and determine the impact of climate change and biodiversity on vegetation soil carbon storage, we conducted a study in National Grassland Natural Park, which is located on the southern foot of the Yinshan Mountains in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China. Based on long restoration chronosequences (2012–2022), using a space-for-time substitution approach and one-way ANOVA tests, Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling were used to investigate the interactions among these various factors. The results indicated that the carbon storage of aboveground vegetation first increased, and then, decreased with time. The underground root carbon storage and soil carbon storage at 0–10 cm and 20–30 cm first increased, then decreased, and finally, stabilized. The highest soil carbon storage (0–30 cm) was 102.11 t/ha in 2013, which accounted for 96.61% of the total organic carbon storage. The Shannon–Wiener index, individual number of species, and surface root carbon storage (0–10 cm) significantly increased the carbon storage of surface soil (0–10 cm) (p < 0.05). Compared to natural restoration, artificial restoration over seven years decreased soil carbon storage at 0–30 cm and underground root carbon storage at 0–10 cm (p < 0.05). Consequently, combining artificial restoration with natural restoration can help in establishing a more stable ecosystem faster and in increasing the carbon storage of the ecosystem. It is an effective management measure to promote grassland restoration in arid areas. Also, climate (MAT, MAP) change was closely correlated with plant-soil carbon storage.
Revolutionizing the Garment Industry 5.0: Embracing Closed-Loop Design, E-Libraries, and Digital Twins
Authors: Donmezer Semih , Demircioglu Pinar , Bogrekci Ismail , Bas Gokcen , Durakbasa Muhammet Numan
Published: November 2023

This study presents an innovative approach for modernizing the garment industry through the fusion of digital human modeling (DHM), virtual modeling for fit sizing, ergonomic body-size data, and e-library resources. The integration of these elements empowers manufacturers to revolutionize their clothing design and production methods, leading to the delivery of unparalleled fit, comfort, and personalization for a wide range of body shapes and sizes. DHM, known for its precision in representing human bodies virtually and integrating anthropometric data, including ergonomic measurements, enhances the shopping experience by providing valuable insights. Consumers gain access to the knowledge necessary for making tailored clothing choices, thereby enhancing the personalization and satisfaction of their shopping experience. The incorporation of e-library resources takes the garment design approach to a data-driven and customer-centric level. Manufacturers can draw upon a wealth of information regarding body-size diversity, fashion trends, and customer preferences, all sourced from e-libraries. This knowledge supports the creation of a diverse range of sizes and styles, promoting inclusivity and relevance. Beyond improving garment fit, this comprehensive integration streamlines design and production processes by reducing the reliance on physical prototypes. This not only enhances efficiency but also contributes to environmental responsibility, fostering a more sustainable and eco-friendly future for the garment industry and embracing the future of fashion, where technology and data converge to create clothing that authentically fits, resonates with consumers, and aligns with the principles of sustainability. This study developed the mobile application integrating with the information in cloud database in order to present the best-suited garment for the user.
Biomass Energy Potential of Agricultural Residues in the Dominican Republic
Authors: Guzmán-Bello Hugo , López-Díaz Iosvani , Aybar-Mejía Miguel , Domínguez-Garabitos Máximo , de Frias Jose Atilio
Published: November 2023

The Dominican Republic has significant potential for energy generation from residual biomass, with sugarcane, rice, and coconut waste having the highest energy potential. The Eastern, Northeastern, and Southern regions were identified as the areas with the most significant potential for energy generation. This potential can be harnessed to complement intermittent or unmanageable renewable energies in distributed generation networks. Biomass generation plants can be hybridized with other sources, such as wind and solar, to provide a more stable and reliable electricity supply. The methodology developed to evaluate the energy potential of residual biomass in the Dominican Republic integrates a rigorous review of the literature and agricultural databases, incorporating criteria such as annual production, residue-to-product ratio, higher calorific value, and dry matter content, culminating in a formula that synthesizes normalized data to optimize the selection and projection of biomass sources based on their potential energy contribution. The study found that the Dominican Republic has significant potential for energy generation from residual biomass, which can be leveraged to provide a more stable and reliable electricity supply.
Solar-Powered Adsorption-Based Multi-Generation System Working under the Climate Conditions of GCC Countries: Theoretical Investigation
Authors: El-Sharkawy Ibrahim I. , Hassan M. , Abd-Elhady Mahmoud M. , Radwan Ali , Inayat Abrar
Published: November 2023

In this study, transient modelling for a solar-powered adsorption-based multi-generation system working under the climatic conditions of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries is conducted. Three cities are selected for this study: Sharjah in the United Arab Emirates, Riyadh in Saudi Arabia, and Kuwait City in Kuwait. The system comprises (i) evacuated tube solar collectors (ETCs), (ii) photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) solar collectors, and (iii) a single-stage double-bed silica gel/water-based adsorption chiller for cooling purposes. A MATLAB code is developed and implemented to theoretically investigate the performance of the proposed system. The main findings of this study indicate that among the selected cities, based on the proposed systems and the operating conditions, Riyadh has the highest cooling capacity of 10.4 kW, followed by Kuwait City, then Sharjah. As for the coefficient of performance (COP), Kuwait City demonstrates the highest value of 0.47. The electricity generated by the proposed system in Riyadh, Kuwait City, and Sharjah is 31.65, 31.3, and 30.24 kWh/day, respectively. Furthermore, the theoretical results show that at 18:00, the overall efficiency of the proposed system reaches about 0.64 because of the inclusion of a storage tank and its feeding for the adsorption chiller. This study analyzes the feasibility of using a combination of ETCs and PVT collectors to drive the adsorption chiller system and produce electricity in challenging weather conditions.
The Potential of ICT Adoption in Promoting Sustainable and Resilient Supply Chains: Evidence from Greek Logistics Firms
Authors: Papachristos Vaggelis , Antonopoulos Constantinos , Rachaniotis Nikolaos P. , Spontas Dimitris , Dasaklis Thomas K.
Published: November 2023

The logistics sector is undergoing a sustainable and resilient transformation guided by the concepts of green supply chain management (GSCM) and supply chain resilience (SCR). While the existing literature posits ICT technologies as individual enablers that enhance organizational performance in areas like sustainable operations, resource economization and organizational resilience, a gap remains in comprehending the nuanced role of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in linking GSCM and SCR outcomes. This research delves into how top management perceives the alignment of ICT adoption with GSCM and SCR objectives within logistics firms. Data were gathered from 53 managers in Greek logistics firms. After utilizing factor analysis, the findings indicate that (1) a significant correlation exists between GSCM/SCR states and ICT adoption; (2) firms with higher ICT adoption rates more effectively address GSCM and SCR challenges; and (3) notably, larger firms with more resources have a slight edge over smaller counterparts with less focus on ICT. Policymakers and industry leaders in the logistics sector can leverage these insights to prioritize ICT-related initiatives, especially in regions with similar contexts to Greece.
Bond Behavior of Recycled Tire Steel-Fiber-Reinforced Concrete and Basalt-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Rebar after Prolonged Seawater Exposure
Authors: Soltanzadeh Fatemeh , Edalat-Behbahani Ali , Hosseinmostofi Kasra , Cengiz Ibrahim Fatih , Oliveira Joaquim Miguel , Reis Rui L.
Published: November 2023

The integration of basalt-fiber-reinforced polymer (BFRP) rebars into concrete design standards still remains unrealized due to limited knowledge on the performance of the rebars in concrete, particularly in terms of bond durability in harsh conditions. In this work, we investigated the bond durability characteristics of BFRP rebars in fiber-reinforced self-compacting concrete (FRSCC) structures. To this aim, a number of 24 FRSCC pullout specimens reinforced with either BFRP rebar or glass-fiber-reinforced polymer, GFRP, rebar, which is a commonly used type of FRP, were fabricated. Half of these specimens were submerged in simulated seawater for a two-year span, while the other 12 similar specimens were maintained in standard laboratory conditions for comparative purposes. Subsequently, all 24 specimens underwent monotonic and fatigue pull-out tests. The exploration in this study focused on investigating the influence of the environmental condition, reinforcement type, and loading type on the bond stress versus slip relationship, maximum bond stress, and failure mode of the specimens. Based on the results obtained and by adopting the durability approach of industry standards for prediction of the bond retention of FRP-reinforced concrete, the bond strength retention between BFRP/GFRP and FRSCC after 50 years of exposure to seawater was estimated. The outcomes of the study are expected to enhance engineers’ confidence in the use of FRP, especially BFRP, for constructing durable and sustainable reinforced concrete structures in aggressive environments.
Understanding the Visual Relationship between Function and Facade in Historic Buildings Using Deep Learning—A Case Study of the Chinese Eastern Railway
Authors: Li Peilun , Zhao Zhiqing , Zhang Bocheng , Chen Yuling , Xie Jiayu
Published: November 2023

Although functional identifiability represents a key aspect for promoting visual connotation and sustainable usability in historic building groups, there is still no consensus on how to quantitatively describe its identification basis at a large scale. The recent emergence of the potentiality of deep learning and computer vision has provided an alternative to traditional empirical-based judgment, which is limited by its subjective bias and high traversal costs. To address these challenges, this study aims to build a workflow for a visual analysis of function and facade to extract the different contributions that facade elements provide to functional expression. The approach is demonstrated with an experiment on a section of the Chinese Eastern Railway (CER) where large-scale historical buildings images were categorized to identify functions using deep learning, together with activation and substance for visual calculations. First, the dataset aggregated with images of historic buildings along the CER was used to identify functional categories using SE-DenseNet merging channel attention. The results of the model visualized using t-SNE and Grad-CAM were then used to analyze the relationships of facade features across functional categories and differences in elemental feature representation across functional prototypes. The results show the following: (1) SE-Densenet can more efficiently identify building functions from the closely linked facade images of historic building groups, with the average accuracy reaching 85.84%. (2) Urban–rural differences exist not only in the count of spatial distributions among the CER’s historic building groups, but also in a significant visual divergence between functions related to urban life and those involved in the military, industry, and railways. (3) Windows and walls occupy areas with more characteristics, but their decorative elements have a higher intensity of features. The findings could enhance the objective understanding and deeper characteristics of the historical building group system, contributing to integrated conservation and characteristic sustainability.
Transformative Potential of Vertical Farming—An Urban Planning Investigation Using Multi-Level Perspective
Authors: Buscher Jost , Bakunowitsch Julija , Specht Kathrin
Published: November 2023

Due to different global trends, such as climate change and urbanization, challenges to the food supply in cities have become more permanent. As a new form of efficient and climate-resilient food production, vertical farming addresses these challenges but is not yet fully embedded in the context of urban planning. Thus, from the perspective of urban planning, this investigation aims to assess the potential of vertical farming in the context of large-scale transformation. Therefore, this paper uses the multi-level perspective. In this context, vertical farming is a so-called niche innovation at a lower level that forces establishment in the superordinate regime—here, urban planning. By using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOTs) methodology, this paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of vertical farming, as well as its implications for urban planning. A final comparison of these aspects leads to six conditions paired with recommendations, which are considered necessary for the successful stabilization of this niche innovation.
Tackling Heavy Metal Pollution: Evaluating Governance Models and Frameworks
Authors: Chen Shan , Ding Yuanzhao
Published: November 2023

Water pollution by heavy metals represents a significant threat to both the environment and public health, with a pronounced risk of stomach cancer and fatalities linked to the consumption of heavy metal-contaminated water. Consequently, the need for effective governance in heavy metal remediation is paramount. Employing a comprehensive review of the existing literature, this study delves into prevalent governance models, including state-centric governance, market governance, network governance, and voluntary governance. The primary objective of this research is to pinpoint the optimal framework for heavy metal remediation and the most efficient governance model. Through an analysis informed by the simplified Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) method, this study presents key findings, offering valuable insights for policymakers, environmental agencies, and industries seeking holistic strategies to combat heavy metal pollution and alleviate its detrimental consequences. These findings significantly contribute to the ongoing global efforts to safeguard the environment, enhance public health, and mitigate the adverse impacts of heavy metal contamination.
A Sustainable Superhydrophobic and Photothermal Coatings for Anti-Icing Application on Concrete with a Simple Method for CNTs/SiO2 Modification
Authors: Li Shuai , Li Yanwei , Tan Yiqiu , Li Jilu , Wang Di , Yuan Dongdong , Zhang Jianli
Published: November 2023

Ice formation on concrete surfaces significantly challenges productivity, economic growth, and safety in diverse industrial sectors. Superhydrophobic coatings represent an effective solution to delay ice formation, although their functionality deteriorates under repeated freeze–thaw cycles. To address this issue, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are frequently employed due to their exceptional photothermal conversion and mechanical properties, which contribute to extending the sustainability of the superhydrophobic coatings. However, the chemical inertness of CNTs often necessitates complex reactions to modify their functionalization. In this study, we have invented a simple method involving the sequential growth of silica on the surface of CNTs and the hydrophobic modification of the silica surface to enhance CNT functionality. These CNTs/SiO2 functionalized nanoparticles were then incorporated into an epoxy resin using a simple spray technique, resulting in a superhydrophobic and photothermal coating on concrete. To fine-tune the coating’s properties, we explored the effects of varying the doping levels of the nanoparticles on the surface morphology, roughness, and wettability of the CNT/SiO2-EP coatings. The optimal level of hydrophobicity was achieved by doping the coatings with 300 mg of functionalized nanoparticles, yielding an impressive contact angle of 159.6°. The integration of functionalized nanoparticles into the epoxy matrix not only enhances hydrophobicity but also improves mechanical robustness and abrasion resistance by creating multiscale surface roughness. Additionally, the coating exhibits outstanding chemical stability even under extreme conditions. One of the most significant advantages of these coatings is their ability to extend the ice nucleation time significantly. This effect is primarily attributed to the superior superhydrophobicity of the nanoparticles and the remarkable photothermal conversion capability of the CNTs. Upon exposure to Xenon lamp radiation, the ice droplets rapidly melt, underscoring the impressive performance of these coatings in preventing ice formation.
Green Financial Supervision Information System Based on Genetic Algorithm Optimization under Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals
Authors: Wan Wangfangyu
Published: November 2023

Under the guidance of “carbon peaking and carbon neutrality”, “ecological priority” and “green development” have become the popular consensus, and the financial regulatory level continuously guides financial institutions to increase investment in green and low carbon projects. In the field of green financial supervision in China, due to imperfect systems and poor adaptability, financial risks are often difficult to control within a reasonable range, which has had a significant impact on financial supervision and management. This article aimed to optimize the green financial regulatory information system under the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals. Firstly, this article analyzed the concept and background of green finance regulation; then, an investigation was conducted on the construction of the green finance service information system, and a green finance information system supervision plan was established. Finally, data collection and analysis were conducted, and the supervision of the green finance information system was carried out using a standard genetic algorithm based on a fuzzy evaluation matrix. This article used a genetic algorithm to optimize the green financial regulatory information system, and selected 500 people to evaluate the use of the system before and after the optimization. The proportion of very satisfied people increased from 11.2% to 19.2%; the proportion of satisfied people increased from 17.2% to 37.6%; the proportion of people who were very dissatisfied decreased from 14.4% to 3.6%. The experiment in this article showed that the optimized system could operate more stably, and the process was more reasonable. The statistical analysis ability was significantly enhanced, and the functions were more comprehensive. This suggests that the system could better regulate the development of green finance.
The Impacts of Subjective Health and Life Expenses on Quality of Life for Korean Elderly People
Authors: Lee Won Seok , Moon Joonho
Published: November 2023

The proportion of elderly individuals has been increasing in Korea. Under this condition, it is essential to understand the behavioral characteristics of elderly individuals to build adequate policies. The purpose of this research was to investigate the determinants of quality of life for Korean senior citizens, specifically, their subjective health and their regular medical, housing, and clothing expenditures. Data were collected from a Korean senior citizen research panel, and the study period was 2018–2020. Multiple linear panel regression analyses were conducted for the analysis of panel data, which includes ordinary least squares, random effects, and fixed effects. In the results, quality of life for older Korean adults was positively affected by subjective health and clothing expenditures. However, quality of life was negatively influenced by medical and housing spending. The results of this work could offer information for building policies for better senior welfare.
The Effects of Operational Efficiency and Environmental Risk on the Adoption of Environmental Management Practices
Authors: Lee Jiung , Chung Hakjin , Cho Na-Eun
Published: November 2023

Given that prior research has provided inconsistent findings on the relationship between financial performance and the adoption of environmental management practices (EMPs), we aim to resolve the inconsistency by positing that the firm may consider different components of financial performance when making decisions. Specifically, we maintain that operational efficiency, measured based on net profit margin, is a key determinant of a firm’s decision to adopt EMPs. Additionally, we aim to examine environmental risk as one contingency that moderates the relationship between operational efficiency and EMP adoption. Employing a firm-fixed effect model to examine the effects of various measures of financial performance, including the net profit margin, return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and asset turnover, on the adoption rates of EMPs by firms, we find that firms with higher operational efficiency measured based on net profit margin are more inclined to adopt EMPs, while measures such as ROA, ROE, and asset turnover do not demonstrate any substantial effect. This study also finds that while environmental risk increases the possibility of adopting EMPs, it weakens the impact of operational efficiency on the adoption rates of EMPs.
Revamping Sustainability Efforts Post-Disaster by Adopting Circular Economy Resilience Practices
Authors: Pradhananga Piyush , ElZomor Mohamed
Published: November 2023

Post-disaster reconnaissance is vital for assessing the impact of a natural disaster on the built environment and informing improvements in design, construction, risk mitigation, and our understanding of extreme events. The data obtained from reconnaissance can also be utilized to improve disaster recovery planning by maximizing resource efficiency, minimizing waste, and promoting resilience in future disasters. This paper aims to investigate existing reconnaissance reports and datasets to identify the factors that impact the reusability of buildings post-disaster and to recommend strategies that align with circular economy goals. The study adopted a three-step research methodology to attain the proposed goals: (1) thematic analysis was used to evaluate types of damages reported in the reconnaissance reports; (2) a supervised machine-learning algorithm was employed to analyze reconnaissance datasets; and (3) a concept map was developed based on interviews of 109 stakeholders in disaster-prone communities to recommend strategies to adopt circular economy practices post-disaster. The study results highlight the recurring risks of damage to different parts of the building and how circular economy resilience practices like deconstruction can minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency during post-disaster recovery. The findings of the study promote a more regenerative economy to build resilience to the challenges of future extreme weather events.
Prediction of Compression Index from Secant Elastic Modulus and Peak Strength of High Plastic Clay Ameliorated by Agro-Synthetic Waste Fibers for Green Subgrade
Authors: Zubair Ayesha , Farooq Zainab , Farooq Khalid , Masoud Zubair , Mujtaba Hassan , Mohamed Abdullah
Published: November 2023

Agro-synthetic stabilization of high-plastic clay is trending due to its vital role in sustainable geotechnical construction and maintenance of clay subgrade. Remoulded samples of high plastic clay (C), ameliorated by optimal doses of 1.2% polyester (P) and 0.9% banana (B) at maximum dry density (γdmax) and optimum moisture content (OMC), were subjected to swell potential, unconsolidated undrained (CU) triaxial, consolidation, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests. The outcome of this research presents that the use of an optimal clay-polyester-banana (CPB) mix enhanced the secant elastic modulus (E50), peak strength (Sp), and CBR by 2.5, 2.43, and 2.7 times, respectively; increased E50/Cc increased from 12.29 to 53.75 MPa; and lowered the swell potential by 48% and compression index (Cc) by 42.8%. It was also observed that the increase in moisture content (mc) of the optimal CPB mix from 20% (unsaturated phase) to 32% (wet phase) decreased Sp from 212 kPa to 56 kPa and E50 from 8.42 MPa to 2.16 MPa, whereas Cc was increased from 0.16 to 0.26, depicting the potential use of the CPB mix as a stable and sustainable geotechnical material even in wet seasons. Novel correlations are developed for the prediction of Cc from mc, E50, and Sp for an optimal CPB mix to achieve sustainable geotechnical systems and designs in sustainable geo-environmental engineering.
Research on the Impact of Green Finance and the Digital Economy on the Energy Consumption Structure in the Context of Carbon Neutrality
Authors: Yang Tao , Wang Rong
Published: November 2023

Improving the structure of energy consumption (ECS) through green finance and the digital economy is one of the main paths to achieving the goal of carbon neutrality. This paper explores the impact of green finance and the digital economy on the ECS of 30 regions in China from 2007 to 2022 using the Generalized method of moments(GMM) model, further analyzes its heterogeneity, and then provides a reference for the scientific development of relevant decisions. The conclusions are as follows: (1) The change in the ECS is closely related to the degree of optimization of the ECS in the previous year, and this is a process of dynamic adjustment. The level of digital economy development can improve the ECS of the country as a whole and in the eastern and central regions, while the western regions have not yet played a significant role due to the underdevelopment of the digital economy. Green finance can inhibit fossil fuel energy consumption in all regions, and it promotes cleaner, more efficient, and low-carbon energy consumption, thereby improving the ECS. However, the impact effect is the largest in the east and smaller in the west. (2) The urbanization levels of the country as a whole and that of the central and western regions show a positive correlation with the results of energy consumption. However, in the eastern region, it shows an inhibitory effect on fossil fuel energy consumption, which can optimize the ECS. The industrial structures in all regions have positive impact coefficients; the development of industry is not conducive to the optimization of the ECS. Trade openness can improve the ECS only in the eastern region; technological progress in all regions can significantly improve the ECS. Based on the background of carbon neutrality, this paper reveals that green finance and the digital economy promote cleaner, more efficient, and lower carbon energy consumption and reduce the level of energy consumption. This paper also provides a reference for the scientific formulation of relevant decisions.
Electric Vehicle Load Estimation at Home and Workplace in Saudi Arabia for Grid Planners and Policy Makers
Authors: Almutairi Abdulaziz , Albagami Naif , Almesned Sultanh , Alrumayh Omar , Malik Hasmat
Published: November 2023

Electric vehicles (Evs) offer promising benefits in reducing emissions and enhancing energy security; however, accurately estimating their load presents a challenge in optimizing grid management and sustainable integration. Moreover, EV load estimation is context-specific, and generalized methods are inadequate. To address this, our study introduces a tailored three-step solution, focusing on the Middle East, specifically Saudi Arabia. Firstly, real survey data are employed to estimate driving patterns and commuting behaviors such as daily mileage, arrival/departure time at home and workplace, and trip mileage. Subsequently, per-unit profiles for homes and workplaces are formulated using these data and commercially available EV data, as these locations are preferred for charging by most EV owners. Finally, the developed profiles facilitate EV load estimations under various scenarios with differing charger ratios (L1 and L2) and building types (residential, commercial, mixed). Simulation outcomes reveal that while purely residential or commercial buildings lead to higher peak loads, mixed buildings prove advantageous in reducing the peak load of Evs. Especially, the ratio of commercial to residential usage of around 50% generates the lowest peak load, indicating an optimal balance. Such analysis aids grid operators and policymakers in load estimation and incentivizing EV-related infrastructure. This study, encompassing data from five Saudi Arabian cities, provides valuable insights into EV usage, but it is essential to interpret findings within the context of these specific cities and be cautious of potential limitations and biases.
Optimizing the Growing Dual Credit Requirements for Automobile Manufacturers in China’s Dual Credit Policy
Authors: Li Chonglian
Published: November 2023

Dual credit policy (DCP) is a market-based mechanism introduced by the Chinese government to promote the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry and improve energy savings in China. To offer sufficient impetus for the NEV industry while providing sufficient transitional buffer time for automobile manufacturers (AMs), the government needs to scientifically design how to gradually increase its dual credit requirement for AMs year by year. To assist the multi-year DCP design, this paper proposes a generalized Nash equilibrium model to predict AMs’ short-term decisions (i.e., vehicle production and credit trading) and long-term decisions (i.e., investment in production capacity expansion and research and development) under any DCP, considering the interactions among AMs’ decisions, vehicle prices, and credit price. Based on the equilibrium model, we then develop a bi-level programming problem to optimize the multi-year DCP. With numerical experiments, we show that implementing the optimal DCP can effectively enhance the market share of NEVs. In the context of the optimal multi-year DCP, the credit requirements set by the government should maintain a relatively low threshold during the initial years, but rise rapidly after that. Such optimal DCP offers AMs sufficient transition time while compelling a quick shift in their developmental strategies.
Investigation of Hydrokinetic Tidal Energy Harvesting Using a Mangrove-Inspired Device
Authors: Zanganeh Jafar , Gwynne Kiva , Peng Zhengbiao , Moghtaderi Behdad
Published: November 2023

There is a trend towards harvesting tidal energy in shallow water. This study examined how tidal energy can be harvested using a device of oscillating cylinders inspired by the roots of mangroves. A specific focus was placed on optimising the configuration of these devices, informed by the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of wake interference in the von Kármán vortex street of the cylinders. A maximum efficiency of 13.54% was achieved at a peak voltage of 16 mV, corresponding to an electrical power output of 0.0199 mW (13.5% of the hydrokinetic energy of the water) and a power density of 7.2 mW/m2 for a flow velocity of 0.04 m/s (Re=239). The configuration of upstream cylinders proved to have a significant impact on the power generation capacity, corroborated further in CFD simulations. The effect of wake interference was non-trivial on the magnitude and quality of power, with tandem arrangements showing the largest impact followed by staggered arrangements. Though with comparatively low energy densities, the device’s efficiencies found in this study indicate a great potential to harvest tidal energy in shallow water, which provides a consistent baseload power to supplement intermittent renewables (e.g., solar and wind).