bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Compact Wideband Branch Line Coupler for Lower 5G Applications
Authors: Samet Balasem S. , Abbas Ahmed A.
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a new design approach of a compact wideband branch line coupler based on waveguide technique at 3.5 GHz. At the lower band of 5G technology, microwave devices such as hybrid couplers tend to be narrower in bandwidth and big in size, in addition to the phase difference error produced by using common planar technology. Therefore, waveguide technology aims to solve those challenges. This work aims to design a compact wideband coupler by implementing a direct coupling aperture between two waveguides with a cutting in the narrow wall of the structure. This technique helps in obtaining a wide bandwidth and reduces the size of the whole structure. The coupler is simulated using computer software technology and fabricated using CNC machining. The measured S-parameters of the coupler are observed to have low loss properties with return loss and isolation less than −10 dB. The coupling factor at the outputs are −3.21 dB with low loss of −0.2 dB. The measured phase error is about 2∘ at 3.5 GHz. A size reduction of 70% is observed compared to conventional waveguides and planar couplers. Overall, this coupler shows great performance that could be used for 5G beamforming applications.
Selective Microwave Wireless Power Transfer to Sensors Embeddedin Concrete at Sub-wavelength Spacing using ElectromagneticTime-reversal Technique
Authors: Twumasi Baidenger Agyekum , Li Jia-Lin , Deynu Faith Kwaku , Ashong Ebenezer Tawiah , Dzah Christian , Pomary Dustin
Published: August 2024

Wireless power transfer has become a trending research area for remotely transferring power. This paper presents the numerical simulation study of selective wireless power transfer to closely spaced wireless sensors embedded in reinforced concrete. A selective microwave wireless power transfer is achieved at a 10 mm separation between tightly-coupled monopole antennas (wireless sensor antennas). Both tightly-coupled wireless sensors operate at 2.45 GHz, hence beating the diffraction limit at λ/12 with the incorporation of additional scatterers in the reinforced concrete environment. The main objective is to realize selective wireless power transfer to wireless sensors with subwavelength separation (closely spaced) to which one makes the power request. Here, the presence of meta-structures creates some randomness serving as scatterers in the use of the electromagnetic time-reversal technique which enhances the spatial refocusing beyond the diffraction limit. This implies that the focal spot is less than half of the carrier wavelength at the operating frequency. At any time that one of the tightly-coupled sensor antennas sends a power request, power will be transferred to it alone. Cases of dry concrete with and without reinforced bars have been studied with electromagnetic time-reversal techniques for the closely spaced sensors embedded in concrete.
The impact of the Prevent Agenda on social work: a systematic literature review
Authors: Mahdi Reem , Hakak Yohai
Published: August 2024

The Prevent Agenda, introduced in 2006, is a counter-terrorism strategy aiming to address radicalisation and extremist behaviour. This systematic literature review (SLR) focuses on its impact on child protection social work, examining how it influences roles, responsibilities and decision-making processes. Analysing articles, governmental reports and relevant literature, the review explores outcomes, such as improved inter-agency communication and heightened awareness of radicalisation risk factors. However, much more pronounced in the literature are very significant concerns that arise about potential biases in targeting, marginalising Muslim minorities and alienating families from support. This SLR offers insights into the multifaceted effects of Prevent on child protection social work, families and communities. Identifying trends and knowledge gaps contributes to understanding how counterterrorism intersects with child welfare. The review’s implications inform policy, professional training and future research for a balanced approach to national security and child and family well-being.
Mirrorless fused silica based double-prism monochromator for continuous measurements from the near infrared to deep ultraviolet
Authors: Dittrich Thomas , Fengler Steffen , Franke Michael
Published: August 2024

A mirrorless fused silica based double-prism
monochromator was developed for continuous measurements over a wide
spectral range. Lens positions were adjusted with respect to the
spectral dependencies of the focal lengths. A guided optical rail has
been implemented between both prisms. The monochromator enables
measurements at photon energies between 0.4 and 7.3 eV.
Straylight is suppressed by more than eight orders of magnitude, and
simulated and measured spectral resolutions are compared. Suitable
applications of the monochromator were demonstrated for material
characterization by photoelectron emission, optical transmission,
photocurrent, and surface photovoltage spectroscopy. The monochromator
broadens the opportunities for the detection of defect states,
especially by surface photovoltage spectroscopy in ultra-wide bandgap
semiconductors.
Global search algorithms in an automated design of starting points for a deep-UV lithography objective
Authors: Zoric Nenad , Nie Yunfeng , Thibault Simon , Prodanovic Radomir , Thomas Lijo
Published: August 2024

In this paper we investigated a design approach based on, to our knowledge, novel algorithms in automated lens design, specifically for design of deep-ultraviolet (DUV) projection lenses. A comprehensive global search for optimal starting points has been conducted by coding macros within lens design software. The findings of the study reveal that achieving a diffraction-limited system requires careful adjustments of global search parameters and strategic compromises to balance various constraints of the telecentric objective. The results demonstrate the practical value of a global search method for obtaining starting points of a bi-telecentric optical system with a large number of variables. The feasibility of the proposed design approach is verified by designing a deep-UV lithography objective that meets the requirements of micro-lithography. Using this design approach, designers can easily manage the starting point exploration and bypass the many steps of an analytical design process for high-resolution objectives.
An empirical appraisal of eLife’s assessment vocabulary
Authors: Hardwicke Tom E. , Schiavone Sarah R. , Clarke Beth , Vazire Simine
Published: August 2024

Research articles published by the journal eLife are accompanied by short evaluation statements that use phrases from a prescribed vocabulary to evaluate research on 2 dimensions: importance and strength of support. Intuitively, the prescribed phrases appear to be highly synonymous (e.g., important/valuable, compelling/convincing) and the vocabulary’s ordinal structure may not be obvious to readers. We conducted an online repeated-measures experiment to gauge whether the phrases were interpreted as intended. We also tested an alternative vocabulary with (in our view) a less ambiguous structure. A total of 301 participants with a doctoral or graduate degree used a 0% to 100% scale to rate the importance and strength of support of hypothetical studies described using phrases from both vocabularies. For the eLife vocabulary, most participants’ implied ranking did not match the intended ranking on both the importance (n= 59, 20% matched, 95% confidence interval [15% to 24%]) and strength of support dimensions (n= 45, 15% matched [11% to 20%]). By contrast, for the alternative vocabulary, most participants’ implied ranking did match the intended ranking on both the importance (n= 188, 62% matched [57% to 68%]) and strength of support dimensions (n= 201, 67% matched [62% to 72%]). eLife’s vocabulary tended to produce less consistent between-person interpretations, though the alternative vocabulary still elicited some overlapping interpretations away from the middle of the scale. We speculate that explicit presentation of a vocabulary’s intended ordinal structure could improve interpretation. Overall, these findings suggest that more structured and less ambiguous language can improve communication of research evaluations.
Feasibility characteristics of wrist-worn fitness trackers in health status monitoring for post-COVID patients in remote and rural areas
Authors: Wiebe Madeleine , Mackay Marnie , Krishnan Ragur , Tian Julie , Larsson Jakob , Modanloo Setayesh , Job McIntosh Christiane , Sztym Melissa , Elton-Smith Gail , Rose Alyssa , Ho Chester , Greenshaw Andrew , Cao Bo , Chan Andrew , Hayward Jake
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Common, consumer-grade biosensors mounted on fitness trackers and smartwatches can measure an array of biometrics that have potential utility in post-discharge medical monitoring, especially in remote/rural communities. The feasibility characteristics for wrist-worn biosensors are poorly described for post-COVID conditions and rural populations.

Methods

We prospectively recruited patients in rural communities who were enrolled in an at-home rehabilitation program for post-COVID conditions. They were asked to wear a FitBit Charge 2 device and biosensor parameters were analyzed [e.g. heart rate, sleep, and activity]. Electronic patient reported outcome measures [E-PROMS] for mental [bi-weekly] and physical [daily] symptoms were collected using SMS text or email [per patient preference]. Exit surveys and interviews evaluated the patient experience.

Results

Ten patients were observed for an average of 58 days and half [N = 5] were monitored for 8 weeks or more. Five patients [50%] had been hospitalized with COVID [mean stay = 41 days] and 4 [36%] had required mechanical ventilation. As baseline, patients had moderate to severe levels of anxiety, depression, and stress; fatigue and shortness of breath were the most prevalent physical symptoms. Four patients [40%] already owned a smartwatch. In total, 575 patient days of patient monitoring occurred across 10 patients. Biosensor data was usable for 91.3% of study hours and surveys were completed 82.1% and 78.7% of the time for physical and mental symptoms, respectively. Positive correlations were observed between stress and resting heart rate [r = 0.360, p<0.01], stress and daily steps [r = 0.335, p<0.01], and anxiety and daily steps [r = 0.289, p<0.01]. There was a trend toward negative correlation between sleep time and physical symptom burden [r = -0.211, p = 0.05]. Patients reported an overall positive experience and identified the potential for wearable devices to improve medical safety and access to care. Concerns around data privacy/security were infrequent.

Conclusions

We report excellent feasibility characteristics for wrist-worn biosensors and e-PROMS as a possible substrate for multi-modal disease tracking in post-COVID conditions. Adapting consumer-grade wearables for medical use and scalable remote patient monitoring holds great potential.
A conserved protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTPN-22, functions in diverse developmental processes in C. elegans
Authors: Binti Shaonil , Linder Adison G. , Edeen Philip T. , Fay David S.
Published: August 2024

Protein tyrosine phosphatases non-receptor type (PTPNs) have been studied extensively in the context of the adaptive immune system; however, their roles beyond immunoregulation are less well explored. Here we identify novel functions for the conserved C. elegans phosphatase PTPN-22, establishing its role in nematode molting, cell adhesion, and cytoskeletal regulation. Through a non-biased genetic screen, we found that loss of PTPN-22 phosphatase activity suppressed molting defects caused by loss-of-function mutations in the conserved NIMA-related kinases NEKL-2 (human NEK8/NEK9) and NEKL-3 (human NEK6/NEK7), which act at the interface of membrane trafficking and actin regulation. To better understand the functions of PTPN-22, we carried out proximity labeling studies to identify candidate interactors of PTPN-22 during development. Through this approach we identified the CDC42 guanine-nucleotide exchange factor DNBP-1 (human DNMBP) as an in vivo partner of PTPN-22. Consistent with this interaction, loss of DNBP-1 also suppressed nekl-associated molting defects. Genetic analysis, co-localization studies, and proximity labeling revealed roles for PTPN-22 in several epidermal adhesion complexes, including C. elegans hemidesmosomes, suggesting that PTPN-22 plays a broad role in maintaining the structural integrity of tissues. Localization and proximity labeling also implicated PTPN-22 in functions connected to nucleocytoplasmic transport and mRNA regulation, particularly within the germline, as nearly one-third of proteins identified by PTPN-22 proximity labeling are known P granule components. Collectively, these studies highlight the utility of combined genetic and proteomic approaches for identifying novel gene functions.
Characterization of West Nile virus Koutango lineage from phlebotomine sandflies in Kenya
Authors: Thiiru Jane Wambui , Langat Solomon , Mulwa Francis , Cinkovich Stephanie , Koka Hellen , Yalwala Santos , Khamadi Samoel , Onguso Justus , Odemba Nicholas , Ngere Francis , Johnson Jaree , Egbo Timothy , Garges Eric , Ojwang Elly , Eyase Fredrick
Published: August 2024

The West Nile virus (WNV), primarily transmitted by mosquitoes, is one of the most widespread flaviviruses globally, with past outbreaks occurring in the USA and Europe. Recent studies in parts of Africa, including Kenya, have identified the West Nile virus Koutango lineage (WN-KOUTV) among phlebotomine sandfly populations, however, our understanding of this virus remains limited. This study aimed to characterize WN-KOUTV from phlebotomine sandflies. Sandflies were sampled between 12th -16th March 2021 and 16th -20th March 2023 from six villages each in Baringo and Isiolo Counties, using CDC light traps. Female sandflies were taxonomically identified and pooled based on genus and site of collection. Virus isolation was performed in Vero cells. Viral genomes were determined using next-generation sequencing. Phylogenetic and molecular clock analyses were done to decipher the virus’s evolutionary relationships. Comparative analyses of amino acid sequences were performed to determine variations. Protein modeling in Pymol was conducted to elucidate variations in key protein regions. Evolutionary pressure analysis investigated the selection pressures on the virus. In vitro experiments were done to investigate the virus growth kinetics in mammalian Vero E6 and mosquito C6/36 cells. We report the isolation of WN-KOUTV from Salabani in Baringo and Aremet in Isiolo, Kenya. The isolated WN-KOUTVs clustered with previously identified WN-KOUTV strains. Comparative analysis revealed a unique amino acid at NS5 653. The WN-KOUTV lineage as a whole is under purifying selective pressure, with diversifying pressure acting at site NS3 267. The current WN-KOUTV replicated in Vero E6 and C6/36 cells comparable to West Nile virus Lineage 1a, isolated from mosquitoes. Subsequent isolations of WN-KOUTV in phlebotomine sandflies suggest potential vectors, however, vector competence studies would confirm this. Replication in mammalian and insect cell lines suggests there may exist a vector/host relationship. We speculate the close genetic relationship of WN-KOUTV strains from East and West Africa may potentially be enabled by bird migratory routes between the two regions. If proven, this could point to a potential future pandemic pathway for this virus.
Governing the misconduct of OTA platforms: A tripartite evolutionary game analysis considering the collaborative supervision of airlines and consumers
Authors: Li Wenjian , Tai Jiwen , Zhou Jingxuan , Ba Liya , Xie Gang
Published: August 2024

Online travel agency (OTA) platforms frequently engage in unfair behaviors that infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers and airlines in the ticket sale market. Effective governance of the OTA platforms’ misconduct has become an urgent topic. In order to address the governance dilemma of OTA platforms’ misconduct, a tripartite evolutionary game model considering the collaborative supervision between airlines and consumers is constructed. This study analyzes the evolutionary path and stable strategy of the three participants, airlines, platforms and consumers by numerical simulation. The results show that some actions, such as airlines’ strict control of ticket sales resources and high fines on the platform, reducing the cost of customers’ rights protection, and effectively guiding online public opinion, can benefit airlines and consumers and enhance their willingness to cooperate in supervision. Legitimate consumer rights protection not only brings negative public opinion and image loss to airlines, but also to platforms, which can force airlines to impose stricter constraints on platforms and force platforms to strengthen self-restraint. Therefore, a market mechanism instead of government regulatory that can effectively suppress platforms misconduct should be established to promote platforms self-regulation through a collaborative effort between airlines and consumers. Some special measures that guide the interests of three participators are also provided.
A new raspberry ketone synthesis gene RinPKS4 identified in Rubus idaeus L. by transcriptome analysis
Authors: He Zhimin , Yan Xihuan , Zhang Junxin , Hu Kang , Ou Mengzhe , Wei Chaojun , Yang Aizhen , Li Jing , Huang Tiran , Yang Mingfeng , Ma Lanqing
Published: August 2024

Raspberry ketone accounts for the characteristic aroma of the raspberry fruit. In order to explore the genes involved in raspberry ketone synthesis, the transcriptome in fruit tissues of two red raspberry varieties “Polka” and “Orange legend”, were sequenced and 24213 single genes were obtained. As the red raspberry fruit ripening, genes involved in flavonoid and anthocyanin synthesis were up-regulated, while those associated with lignin synthesis were down-regulated. A gene (RinPKS4) highly related to raspberry ketone synthesis was identified by transcriptome analysis, and RinPKS4 gene was over-expressed in raspberry in order to further understand the function of RinPKS4 gene in raspberry ketone synthesis. The results showed that the gene expression level of RinPKS4 in the leaf tissues of a transgenic lines increased by about 4-fold and the content of raspberry ketone increased by 42.64% compared with the wide type. This study lays a theoretical foundation for further study on the synthesis and regulation of raspberry ketone in red raspberry.
Development and accuracy evaluation of a new loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay targeting the HSP70 gene for the diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis
Authors: Soares Arthur Ribeiro Cheloni , Faria Verônica Cardoso Santos de , Avelar Daniel Moreira de
Published: August 2024

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a global public health problem caused by species on the genus Leishmania and is the most prevalent clinical form of leishmaniasis. The aim of this study was to develop a new LAMP assay for Leishmania sp. based on HSP70 gene and evaluate it clinically for molecular diagnosis of CL. The study was carried out in the following stages: i) design of primers based on HSP70 gene of Leishmania sp.; ii) evaluation of detection limit and analytical specificity; iii) estimation of the accuracy of LAMP-Leish/HSP70 assay for diagnosing CL. A total of 100 skin biopsy samples from patients, comprising 60 CL cases and 40 non-cases, were analyzed in this study. One LAMP assay using HSP70 gene as molecular target were standardized, and the observed detection limit was 100fg of L. braziliensis purified DNA. The LAMP-Leish/HSP70 assay was specific for Leishmania spp. The LAMP-Leish/HSP70 assay showed an accuracy of 92%, and positivity rates were not affected by lesion onset time or parasite load. This novel LAMP assay targeting the HSP70 gene of Leishmania sp. has the potential to be a useful tool to integrate into routine diagnosis for suspected cases of CL.
Genomic selection for tolerance to aluminum toxicity in a synthetic population of upland rice
Authors: Bartholomé Jérôme , Ospina José Omar , Sandoval Mario , Espinosa Natalia , Arcos Jairo , Ospina Yolima , Frouin Julien , Beartschi Cédric , Ghneim Thaura , Grenier Cécile
Published: August 2024

Over half of the world’s arable land is acidic, which constrains cereal production. In South America, different rice-growing regions (Cerrado in Brazil and Llanos in Colombia and Venezuela) are particularly affected due to high aluminum toxicity levels. For this reason, efforts have been made to breed for tolerance to aluminum toxicity using synthetic populations. The breeding program of CIAT-CIRAD is a good example of the use of recurrent selection to increase productivity for the Llanos in Colombia. In this study, we evaluated the performance of genomic prediction models to optimize the breeding scheme by hastening the development of an improved synthetic population and elite lines. We characterized 334 families at the S0:4 generation in two conditions. One condition was the control, managed with liming, while the other had high aluminum toxicity. Four traits were considered: days to flowering (FL), plant height (PH), grain yield (YLD), and zinc concentration in the polished grain (ZN). The population presented a high tolerance to aluminum toxicity, with more than 72% of the families showing a higher yield under aluminum conditions. The performance of the families under the aluminum toxicity condition was predicted using four different models: a single-environment model and three multi-environment models. The multi-environment models differed in the way they integrated genotype-by-environment interactions. The best predictive abilities were achieved using multi-environment models: 0.67 for FL, 0.60 for PH, 0.53 for YLD, and 0.65 for ZN. The gain of multi-environment over single-environment models ranged from 71% for YLD to 430% for FL. The selection of the best-performing families based on multi-trait indices, including the four traits mentioned above, facilitated the identification of suitable families for recombination. This information will be used to develop a new cycle of recurrent selection through genomic selection.
Cross-subsidies are a viable option to fund formal pit latrine emptying services: Evidence from Kigali, Rwanda
Authors: Wilcox Jonathan , Kuria Nicholas , Rutayisire Bruce , Sklar Rachel , Bartram Jamie , Evans Barbara
Published: August 2024

Pit latrines are the most common household sanitation system in East African cities. Urbanisation reduces the space available for new latrines to be constructed when pits fill and they increasingly require emptying. But formal services that empty and transport sludge to safe disposal or treatment are often unaffordable to low-income households. Cross-subsidies have been suggested to fund services for low-income households but there are no academic studies assessing this funding mechanism. This study analyses empirical financial and operational data shared by a formal service provider in Kigali, Rwanda who is establishing a cross-subsidy model between corporate and high-income households, and low-income households in informal settlements. A semi-mechanical method is used to serve households which cannot be accessed from the road by an exhauster truck. We find that mechanical emptying is gross profitable when exhauster trucks are fully used, particularly large volume and corporate customers. Transferring sludge between vehicles for efficient transport reduces average cost. Cross-subsidies are found to be a viable funding method and a ten-fold increase in mechanical emptying by the service provider would generate 466,876 Int$ (2022 international dollars) gross profit to fund a cross-subsidy for all low-income households in Kigali which require semi-mechanical emptying. This study highlights the opportunities that city authorities have to organise funding to cross-subsidise emptying for low-income households. In addition, by using data from operational records rather than self-reported estimates the reliability of cost estimates is in improved. Further research is required to understand customer group size, demand and emptying frequencies to determine the structure of a citywide cross-subsidy.
Endogenous PGD2 acting on DP2 receptor counter regulates Schistosoma mansoni infection-driven hepatic granulomatous fibrosis
Authors: Pezzella-Ferreira Giovanna N. , Pão Camila R. R. , Bellas Isaac , Luna-Gomes Tatiana , Muniz Valdirene S. , Paiva Ligia A. , Amorim Natalia R. T. , Canetti Claudio , Bozza Patricia T. , Diaz Bruno L. , Bandeira-Melo Christianne
Published: August 2024

Identifying new molecular therapies targeted at the severe hepatic fibrosis associated with the granulomatous immune response to Schistosoma mansoni infection is essential to reduce fibrosis-related morbidity/mortality in schistosomiasis. In vitro cell activation studies suggested the lipid molecule prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) as a potential pro-fibrotic candidate in schistosomal context, although corroboratory in vivo evidence is still lacking. Here, to investigate the role of PGD2 and its cognate receptor DP2 in vivo, impairment of PGD2 synthesis by HQL-79 (an inhibitor of the H-PGD synthase) or DP2 receptor inhibition by CAY10471 (a selective DP2 antagonist) were used against the fibrotic response of hepatic eosinophilic granulomas of S. mansoni infection in mice. Although studies have postulated PGD2 as a fibrogenic molecule, HQL-79 and CAY10471 amplified, rather than attenuated, the fibrotic response within schistosome hepatic granulomas. Both pharmacological strategies increased hepatic deposition of collagen fibers — an unexpected outcome accompanied by further elevation of hepatic levels of the pro-fibrotic cytokines TGF-β and IL-13 in infected animals. In contrast, infection-induced enhanced LTC4 synthesis in the schistosomal liver was reduced after HQL-79 and CAY10471 treatments, and therefore, inversely correlated with collagen production in granulomatous livers. Like PGD2-directed maneuvers, antagonism of cysteinyl leukotriene receptors CysLT1 by MK571 also promoted enhancement of TGF-β and IL-13, indicating a key down-regulatory role for endogenous LTC4 in schistosomiasis-induced liver fibrosis. An ample body of data supports the role of S. mansoni-driven DP2-mediated activation of eosinophils as the source of LTC4 during infection, including: (i) HQL-79 and CAY10471 impaired systemic eosinophilia, drastically decreasing eosinophils within peritoneum and hepatic granulomas of infected animals in parallel to a reduction in cysteinyl leukotrienes levels; (ii) peritoneal eosinophils were identified as the only cells producing LTC4 in PGD2-mediated S. mansoni-induced infection; (iii) the magnitude of hepatic granulomatous eosinophilia positively correlates with S. mansoni-elicited hepatic content of cysteinyl leukotrienes, and (iv) isolated eosinophils from S. mansoni-induced hepatic granuloma synthesize LTC4 in vitro in a PGD2/DP2 dependent manner. So, our findings uncover that granulomatous stellate cells-derived PGD2 by activating DP2 receptors on eosinophils does stimulate production of anti-fibrogenic cysLTs, which endogenously down-regulates the hepatic fibrogenic process of S. mansoni granulomatous reaction — an in vivo protective function which demands caution in the future therapeutic attempts in targeting PGD2/DP2 in schistosomiasis.
Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen identifies SLC39A9 and PIK3C3 as crucial entry factors for Ebola virus infection
Authors: Gong Mingli , Peng Cheng , Yang Chen , Wang Zhenhua , Qian Hongwu , Hu Xue , Zhou Peng , Shan Chao , Ding Qiang
Published: August 2024

The Ebola virus (EBOV) has emerged as a significant global health concern, notably during the 2013–2016 outbreak in West Africa. Despite the clinical approval of two EBOV antibody drugs, there is an urgent need for more diverse and effective antiviral drugs, along with comprehensive understanding of viral-host interactions. In this study, we harnessed a biologically contained EBOVΔVP30-EGFP cell culture model which could recapitulate the entire viral life cycle, to conduct a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen. Through this, we identified PIK3C3 (phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase) and SLC39A9 (zinc transporter) as crucial host factors for EBOV infection. Genetic depletion of SLC39A9 and PIK3C3 lead to reduction of EBOV entry, but not impact viral genome replication, suggesting that SLC39A9 and PIK3C3 act as entry factors, facilitating viral entry into host cells. Moreover, PIK3C3 kinase activity is indispensable for the internalization of EBOV virions, presumably through the regulation of endocytic and autophagic membrane traffic, which has been previously recognized as essential for EBOV internalization. Notably, our study demonstrated that PIK3C3 kinase inhibitor could effectively block EBOV infection, underscoring PIK3C3 as a promising drug target. Furthermore, biochemical analysis showed that recombinant SLC39A9 protein could directly bind viral GP protein, which further promotes the interaction of viral GP protein with cellular receptor NPC1. These findings suggests that SLC39A9 plays dual roles in EBOV entry. Initially, it serves as an attachment factor during the early entry phase by engaging with the viral GP protein. Subsequently, SLC39A9 functions an adaptor protein, facilitating the interaction between virions and the NPC1 receptor during the late entry phase, prior to cathepsin cleavage on the viral GP. In summary, this study offers novel insights into virus-host interactions, contributing valuable information for the development of new therapies against EBOV infection.
¿Qué relatos, desde el arte audiovisual, para los tiempos de descenso civilizatorio?
Authors: Albelda Raga José Luis , Rodríguez Mattalía Lorena
Published: August 2024

Ante el agravamiento de la crisis ecosocial y el inicio del decrecimiento sociometabólico, el arte está convocado a participar en el diseño y la comunicación de una cultura de la sostenibilidad que facilite transiciones ecosociales adecuadas a los nuevos escenarios. La idea de proponer ‘narrativas de transición’ desde una multiplicidad de lenguajes, se refuerza potenciando los medios de mayor incidencia social, como el audiovisual en todas sus tipologías. ‘Una estética del decrecimiento’ o estética humilde, se concreta creando vectores de transformación de los imaginarios desde los presupuestos de las Humanidades ecológicas, buscando construir discursos empáticos para avanzar hacia la austeridad necesaria. En primer lugar, apuntaremos que necesitamos discursos que nos hablen de lo realizable, no solo de lo deseable: el compromiso está en la viabilidad, en ese punto medio tan necesario entre realismo y utopía. Palabras e imágenes que seduzcan, pero desde el atractivo de lo posible con esfuerzo.
Epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of neuron phenotype
Authors: Achim Kaia
Published: August 2024

Understanding the structure and function of cells is central to cell biology and physiology. The ability to control cell function may benefit biomedicine, such as cell-replacement therapy or regeneration. If structure defines function and cells are composed of water, lipids, small metabolites, nucleic acids, and proteins, of which the latter are largely encoded by the DNA present in the same cell, then one may assume that the cell types and variation in cellular phenotypes are shaped by differential gene expression. Cells of the same cell type maintain a similar composition. In this review, I will discuss the epigenetic and transcription regulation mechanisms guiding cell fate- specific gene expression in developing neural cells. Differentiation involves processes of cell-fate selection, commitment and maturation, which are not necessarily coupled.
El tránsito de Sertorio por los Alpes
Authors: Bossola-Vaquero Stefano
Published: August 2024

Uno de los episodios menos conocidos y tratados de la vida de Quinto Sertorio es su paso por los Alpes de camino a la península ibérica en el invierno del 83 al 82 a.C. La única fuente, Plutarco, es muy sintética y poco esclarecedora y los estudios recientes se han centrado en la identificación de la ruta pirenaica empleada por Sertorio. Este articulo analiza los distintos itinerarios posibles para superar los Alpes, describiendo sus condiciones climáticas y destacando los pueblos que habitaban las distintas zonas. Además, se presenta la situación política de la época y su impacto sobre las decisiones tomadas por Sertorio. Para realizar este estudio se ha acudido no solo a las fuentes antiguas y a los ensayos modernos sobre estos temas, sino que también han sido empleadas las más recientes publicaciones sobre paleoclimatología para reconstruir las condiciones climáticas de la época de Sertorio.
Fecal Proteolytic Bacteria and Staphylococcal Superantigens Are Associated With Abdominal Pain Severity in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Quan Runze , Decraecker Lisse , Appeltans Iris , Cuende-Estévez María , Van Remoortel Samuel , Aguilera-Lizarraga Javier , Wang Zheng , Hicks Gareth , Wykosky Jill , McLean Peter , Denadai-Souza Alexandre , Hussein Hind , Boeckxstaens Guy E.
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Changes in the composition of the gut microbiota have been associated with the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). However, to what extent specific bacterial species relate to clinical symptoms remains poorly characterized. We investigated the clinical relevance of bacterial species linked with increased proteolytic activity, histamine production, and superantigen (SAg) production in patients with IBS.

METHODS:

Fecal (n = 309) and nasal (n = 214) samples were collected from patients with IBS and healthy volunteers (HV). Clinical symptoms and gut transit time were evaluated. Bacterial abundance in feces and nasal swabs as well as fecal trypsin-like activity were assessed.

RESULTS:

The percentage of fecal samples containing Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher in IBS compared with HV. Forty-nine percent of S. aureus–positive fecal samples from patients with IBS were also positive for SAgs, compared with 12% of HV. Patients with IBS and positive fecal SAg-producing S. aureus reported higher pain scores than those without S. aureus. Moreover, increased fecal proteolytic activity was associated with abdominal pain. Fecal abundance of Paraprevotella clara and Alistipes putredinis was significantly decreased in IBS, particularly in samples with higher proteolytic activity. Patients with lower Alistipes putredinis or Faecalibacterium prausnitzii abundance reported more severe abdominal pain.

DISCUSSION:

In keeping with our preclinical findings, we show that increased presence of SAg-producing S. aureus in fecal samples of patients with IBS is associated with increased levels of abdominal pain. We also show that increased fecal proteolytic activity is associated with increased abdominal pain in patients with IBS.
Guidelines for Implementing Imprisonment Sentences with Single Formulation (A Critique of Book I of the National Criminal Code)
Authors: Musa M. , Zulhuda Sonny , Endri Endri , Susanti Heni , Rinaldi Kasmanto
Published: August 2024

The most basic difference in the criminal system between the Criminal Code (WvS) and the National Criminal Code is the provision of sentencing guidelines. It is important to formulate guidelines for sentencing as a provision to achieve the objectives of punishment because they are related to the formulations of single and alternative penalties for criminal acts in the provisions of the National Criminal Code. This paper aims to conduct a theoretical study on the formulation of the criminal system from the guidelines for implementing prison sentences with a single formulation contained in Book I of the National Criminal Code, as a general rule that applies to Book II of the National Criminal Code and criminal law out of the National Criminal Code. The results of the study show that the formulation of criminal application guidelines with a single formulation contained in the provisions of Article 57 of the National Criminal Code theoretically does not follow the rules of the criminal system as they should. The provisions of Article 57 are placed in the 3rd paragraph to regulate "Guidelines for the Implementation of Imprisonment Sentences with a Single Formulation and Alternative Formulations." Lawmakers no longer include guidelines for implementing prison sentences with a single formulation, as previously existed in the Draft of the National Criminal Code. The consequence of not regulating the guidelines for implementing prison sentences with a single formulation is that judges cannot make flexible choices in applying sentences that are in accordance with the objectives of the sentence.
Media społecznościowe jako źródło (o)presji związanej z wizerunkiem ciała użytkowników w okresie wczesnej dorosłości
Authors: Leksy Karina , Nowak Klaudia
Published: August 2024

The pressure of an ideal body exerted by silhouettes of models in publicly shared photographs can lead to many adverse effects on the health and well-being of the individual. The article presents the results of the author’s research on the pressure related to body image felt by the surveyed young adults, users of social networking sites, which comes from photos and content present in social media. The research used the diagnostic survey method, using an original online survey questionnaire. The research involved 493 people using social networking sites. The research results indicate that women, more often than men, felt the pressure related to the appearance of their bodies under the influence of social media content. The research results also confirmed a correlation between the time respondents spend on social media and the pressure they feel to improve their body image. The research results demonstrate the need to enhance the digital competencies of young people to equip them with practical tools adapted to the requirements of postmodern visual culture and the information society. However, this task requires updating the means of pedagogical influence, searching for new solutions, and modifying known and proven methods of improving the individual.
Test Endurance and Remedial Education Interventions: Good News for Girls
Authors: Battaglia Marianna , Hidalgo-Hidalgo Marisa
Published: August 2024

A wide range of abilities beyond cognitive skills, including motivation, effort, and perseverance, plays an important role in shaping one’s prospects in the labor market and overall life outcomes. However, little is known about the role of education in improving these abilities, especially among teenagers for whom they are observed to be particularly malleable. We address two questions: can remedial educational interventions improve perseverance during adolescence? And, can we expect heterogeneous effects by gender? We take advantage of an education program for under-performing secondary school students implemented in Spain, and we consider testing behaviors and, in particular test endurance, as a measure of perseverance. We find that the program had a substantial positive effect on test endurance, with effects ranging from 0.04 to 0.05 of one standard deviation. This effect is particularly pronounced for girls, where the corresponding figure is 0.09 of one standard deviation.
Erratum to Discriminants and Artin conductors (J. reine angew. Math. 712 (2016), 107–121)
Authors: Eriksson Dennis
Published: August 2024

The original article computes the Deligne discriminant for a degeneration of curves over a discrete valuation ring.
One of the computations was only correctly performed in the case when the total space of the degeneration is normal, which should be added as a hypothesis.
Advancing polar motion prediction with derivative information
Authors: Michalczak Maciej , Ligas Marcin , Belda Santiago , Ferrándiz José M. , Modiri Sadegh
Published: August 2024

Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) are essential for monitoring Earth’s rotational irregularities, impacting satellite navigation, space exploration, and climate forecasting. This study introduces a hybrid prediction model combining least-squares (LS) and vector autoregression (VAR) to improve Earth’s Pole Coordinates (x, y) forecast accuracy. Using daily sampled IERS EOP 20 C04 data from 2013 to 2023, we conducted 1,000 yearly random trials, performing 48 forecasts per year. Our method evaluates six data combinations, including primary variables (x, y) and their derivatives (

x

̇

,

y

̇

$\dot{x},\dot{y}$

). Results show a systematic improvement in prediction accuracy, especially for ultra-short-term forecasts (10 days into future), with derivative information stabilizing the solutions. The best-performing combination (

x
,
y
,

x

̇

,

y

̇

$x,y,\dot{x},\dot{y}$

) achieved a mean absolute prediction error (MAPE) reduction (with respect to the reference data combination – x, y) of up to 8 % for the y and 7 % for the x over a whole 30-day forecast horizon. These findings highlight the effectiveness of incorporating derivatives of polar motion time series into prediction procedure.
Effective and safe use of sirolimus in hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia refractory to medical and surgical therapy: a case series and review of literature
Authors: Burnside Mercedes J. , Benitez-Aguirre Paul , Romans Rachel , Gehrmann Frances , Velayutham Vallimayil , Alexander Ashley , Choong Catherine S. , Abraham Mary B.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycaemia (HH) presents significant management challenges, especially in cases refractory to standard therapies. This case series aims to report the efficacy and safety of sirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, as an adjunctive therapy in persistent HH, noting that current clinical guidelines caution its use outside of research.

Case presentation

We report a case series from two paediatric endocrinology centres across Australia, describing use of sirolimus in four infants with persistent HH refractory to conventional treatments or post near-total pancreatectomy. Retrospective chart reviews provided clinical and biochemical data, documenting each patient’s sirolimus dosing, treatment responses, and adverse events.

Conclusions

Sirolimus emerged as a useful and safe adjunct, enabling hospital discharge, and demonstrating efficacy even at lower serum trough levels. Despite safety concerns, including recurrent viral infections in one patient, sirolimus was generally well-tolerated. We advocate for implementing risk mitigation strategies, including a multidisciplinary approach, and maintaining lower sirolimus trough levels than previously recommended. Careful consideration of sirolimus is warranted in select cases of severe diffuse HH, emphasising ongoing monitoring for adverse effects and further research to refine treatment guidelines.
Finite groups with gcd(χ(1), χc
(1)) a prime
Authors: Gao Li , Wang Zhongbi , Chen Guiyun
Published: August 2024

The aim of this article is to study how the greatest common divisor of the degree and codegree of an irreducible character of a finite group influences its structure. We study a finite group

G

G

with

gcd

(

χ

(

1

)

,

χ

c

(

1

)

)

{\rm{\gcd }}\left(\chi \left(1),{\chi }^{c}\left(1))

a prime for almost all irreducible characters

χ

\chi

of

G

G

, and obtain the following two conclusions:

(1)

There does not exist any finite group

G

G

such that

gcd

(

χ

(

1

)

,

χ

c

(

1

)

)

{\rm{\gcd }}\left(\chi \left(1),{\chi }^{c}\left(1))

is a prime, for each

χ
∈
Irr

(

G

)

♯

\chi \in {\rm{Irr}}{\left(G)}^{\sharp }

, where

Irr

(

G

)

♯

{\rm{Irr}}{\left(G)}^{\sharp }

is the set of non-principal irreducible characters of

G

G

.

(2)

Let

G

G

be a finite group, if

gcd

(

χ

(

1

)

,

χ

c

(

1

)

)

{\rm{\gcd }}\left(\chi \left(1),{\chi }^{c}\left(1))

is a prime, for each

χ
∈
Irr

(

G

)

\
Lin

(

G

)

\chi \left\in {\rm{Irr}}\left(G)\backslash {\rm{Lin}}\left(G)

, then

G

G

is solvable, where

Lin

(

G

)

{\rm{Lin}}\left(G)

is the set of all linear irreducible characters of

G

G

.
Small values and functional laws of the iterated logarithm for operator fractional Brownian motion
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Dong Jingshuang
Published: August 2024

The multivariate Gaussian random fields with matrix-based scaling laws are widely used for inference in statistics and many applied areas. In such contexts, interests are often Hölder regularities of spatial surfaces in any given direction. This article analyzes the almost sure sample function behavior for operator fractional Brownian motion, including multivariate fractional Brownian motion. We obtain the estimations of small ball probability and the strongly locally nondeterministic for operator fractional Brownian motion in any given direction. By applying these estimates, we obtain Chung type laws of the iterated logarithm for operator fractional Brownian motion. Our results show that the precise Hölder regularities of these spatial surfaces are completely determined by the real parts of the eigenvalues of self-similarity exponent and the covariance matrix at time point 1.
Response to Jessica Frazier, “Against Infinite Nothingness”
Authors: McKenzie Kerry
Published: August 2024

In “Against Infinite Nothingness: Arguments for Foundationalism in Indian Philosophy” Jessica Frazier brings Vedantic arguments to bear against contemporary objections to foundationalism: the view that there must exist a single self-subsistent ground upon which the existence of all else stands. She argues in particular that these arguments permit us to infer the existence of a “modal anchor” operative in nature that deserves to be regarded as fundamental, even in the absence of a “fundamental level” to nature. This paper argues that Frazier has not sufficiently justified the assertion that such modal anchors have a right to be regarded as metaphysically fundamental, even in the less demanding sense that she seemingly associates with that term. This does not mean that there is any incoherence in what Frazier is trying to argue, however. The argument given here should thus be seen as an invitation to more fully spell out the notion of fundamentality that Frazier regards as most appropriate to these ancient Vedantic texts.
What Needs to be Learned by U.S. Cultural Heritage Professionals? Results from the Digital Preservation Outreach & Education Network
Authors: Mudle Kirk Robert , Cocciolo Anthony
Published: August 2024

With the current proliferation of training opportunities available in digital preservation, this study asks: what are the most in demand digital preservation instruction topics? To answer this question, we did a qualitative content analysis of 168 Professional Development Support applications received by the Digital Preservation Outreach and Education Network (DPOE-N) between September 2020 and December 2023. The study finds that the management of digital records and metadata/cataloging standards were the most requested training topics, and that general and broadly applicable skills tend to be the most sought after. This indicates that there is a continuing need to provide education focusing on the core elements of digital preservation and knowledge, and that we have not moved on yet to a place where cultural heritage professionals are solely seeking skills in more advanced or specialized digital preservation topics.