bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN ANTARA STATUS GIZI TB/U DENGAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF, FISIK, DAN SOSIO-EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA PRA-SEKOLAH Association of Height-For-Age Nutritional Status with Cognitive, Physical, and Socio-Emotional Ability of Pre-School Children
Authors: Rahmasari Vidya Anggarini , Muniroh Lailatul
Published: October 2021

Pre-school period is one of the most important times for children’s growth and development. If there is a growth and development disturbance at this time, it will impact when the child is growing up. One of the factors which related with growth of pre-school children is nutritional status of height for age. The purpose of the study was to analyzed the relationship between the nutritional status of height for age with the cognitive, physical, and socio-emotional abilities of pre-school age children. This research was an analytical observational study using a cross sectional design. Sample of this study was 35 pre-school children selected randomly using simple random sampling. Samples were student of TK Hang Tuah 22, Candi, Sidoarjo. Data collection instrument includes the questionnaire on the characteristics of the subject and the respondent, a Denver instrument Developmental Screening Test II (DDST/Denver II). Spearman Rho test was used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a relationship between height for age nutritional status with cognitive abilities. However, there was no relationship between the nutritional status of height for age with physical and socio-emotional ability. The conclusion of the study is nutritional status of height for age has a significant association with cognitive abilities in pre-school children. Thus, parents need to monitor the nutritional status height for age of their children by measure the anthropometric result periodically and fulfill the nutritional needs of protein, calcium, vitamin D, zinc, and others. Therefore, if there is any problem founded, it can be handled properly and will not aﬀect the growth and development of the children.
Environment protection and Human Rights: The urban environment in International Courts of Human Rights
Authors: Stival Mariane Morato , Dutra e Silva Sandro
Published: October 2021

This article is about the relation between environmental protection and human rights. The right to healthy environment is directly related to the right to life, in its meaning quality of life. The right to the environment has been analyzed in an indirect and reflexive way in regional systems for the protection of human rights. The purpose of this study is to analyze the right to the urban environment in the jurisprudence of the Inter-American and European human Rights Systems. In the methodological context, the analysis will be made of the theory and international legislation of these regional systems on the environment, the jurisprudence analysis of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights, and the European Court of Human Rights on the urban environment. Possible contributions will be made by the European Court to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights for the extension of environmental protection in the urban context.
Controle de constitucionalidade do efeito colateral de lei por meio de decisão intermédia reconstrutiva
Authors: Tavares André Ramos
Published: October 2021

A produção de efeitos das leis e dos atos normativos, via de regra, não se resume aos efeitos diretos, pretendidos e conhecidos, devendo abranger os eventuais efeitos espúrios, aqui denominados como colaterais. Esses efeitos são decorrentes, em muitas situações, das aplicações privadas indevidas das leis, geradas no seio das relações privadas em geral. A pesquisa sustenta que esses elementos e contextos devem ser objeto de análise pela Justiça Constitucional. Adota-se, na pesquisa, o método de revisão bibliográfica nacional e estrangeira, bem como os métodos dedutivo e indutivo. Conclui-se, ainda, que o modelo de decisão da Justiça Constitucional mais adequado para abordar e solucionar essa problemática é a decisão intermédia, com perfil reconstrutivo da norma. O texto sustenta, por fim, que a Arguição de Descumprimento de Preceito Fundamental — ADPF se mostra como a ação mais adequada, no Brasil, para realizar esse controle no âmbito do chamado processo constitucional objetivo.
O dolo como juízo de valor: sobre o fundamento axiológico dos elementos normativos do dolo
Authors: Cammilleri Falco Giuseppe , Andrade Fernandes Fernando
Published: October 2021

O dolo no plano da observação detém natureza psicológico-descritiva. Isto porque, ao tratar-se de casos de absoluta inconsciência psicológica (como no caso do sonambulismo), sequer pode-se verificar a existência de conduta, quanto menos, de conduta dolosa. No entanto, o dolo no plano da atribuição tem caráter, exclusivamente, normativo. Por isso, com viés axiológico no sentido de um juízo de valor normativo. Explicando-se, assim, o motivo pelo qual se atribui à conduta dolosa maior quantidade de pena em comparação às condutas culposas. Metodologicamente, o responsável por atribuir à conduta a característica do dolo não é o agente, mas aquele que observa a conduta. Portanto, para a atribuição do dolo, é necessário observar os conceitos que o envolvem (vontade e consciência) no plano normativo e não no psicológico. Em miúdos, a atribuição do dolo a uma conduta deve fundamentar-se no plano normativo.
Genetic Diversity Assessment and Biological Description of Caster bean crop (Riciunus communis L.)
Authors: Wulchafo Hussen Kedir
Published: October 2021

Castor bean is an important nonedible oilseed crop that has many industrial uses. Genetic diversity in a germplasm is the fundamental requirement for crop improvement programs. There are several genetic markers available for assessment of genetic diversity among the genotypes and accessions. Though castor bean is a monotypic, it exhibits wide phenotypic diversity. In castor bean, genetic markers such as agro-morphological characters, biochemical and cytological markers were widely used in characterization of genetic variation in the germplasm from India, Nigeria, Turkey, China, Brazil, Iran, and Ethiopia which indicated a low-to-high-level diversity in the castor bean germplasm depending on the markers and the genotypes studied.
Role of Sesbania sesban (L.) Merrill for Soil Fertility Improvement in Ethiopia: A Review
Authors: Addisu Wolde Sissay Dessalgn
Published: October 2021

Most of world’s agricultural land is degrading rapidly, and productions of agricultural crops are declined in Ethiopia due to land degradation and reduction of soil fertility. Growing of fertilizer trees in agricultural lands is timely and cost efficient way to enhance soil fertility parameters. Fertilizer trees are used to improve the condition of soils used for farming. They capture nitrogen from the air and put it in the soil through their roots and falling leaves. Sesbania sesban, Gliricidia, Tephrosia, and Faidherbia albida are known as fertilizer trees. Sesbania sesban is multipurpose fast-growing, perennial legume tree and N-fixing shrub suitable as a soil quality improver. Sesbania sesban can grow as agroforestry component and alley cropping. It provides green manure and its leaves produce rich compost and this maintain soil fertility through Biological nitrogen fixation
Dairy Cattle Genetic Improvement and Breeding Practice in Gacho Baba Woreda Gamo Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Belay Bekele Aysheshim
Published: October 2021

The study was conducted in Gacho Baba Woreda, Gamo Zone with the aims to assess dairy cattle breeding practices of the communities. A total of 80 households were selected purposively by setting the criteria of having dairy cattle. In the study area 70.6% of the respondents practices natural free mating. Around 26% of the respondents practice natural controlled mating. The remaining 3.4% of the sampled household use AI technology trough AI technicians. natural mating (77.5%) was the common practice of mating in the study area followed by both (natural mating and artificial insemination) (12.5%)methods. irrespective of the agro ecologies, most of the respondents depended on bulls (60%) reared by their neighbors/friends. The primary problem identified by respondents was lack of AI Technicians skill, AI Equipment’s, Management problem, and Lack of AI were reported to be the most limiting factors to cattle breeding practices with index value 0.283, 0.237, 0.259, and 0.219 respectively.
Can System Logs Enhance the Performance of Credit Scoring? – Evidence from an Internet Bank in Korea
Authors: Kyeong Sunghyun , Kim Daehee , Shin Jinho
Published: October 2021

This study is the first to examine whether the performance of credit rating, one of the most important data-based decision-making of banks, can be improved by using banking system log data that is extensively accumulated inside the bank for system operation. This study uses the log data recorded for the mobile app system of Kakaobank, a leading internet bank used by more than 14 million people in Korea. After generating candidate variables from Kakaobank's vast log data, we develop a credit scoring model by utilizing variables with high information values. Consequently, the discrimination power of the new model compared to the credit bureau grades was significantly improved by 1.84% points based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistics. Therefore, the results of this study imply that if a bank utilizes its log data that have already been extensively accumulated inside the bank, decision-making systems, including credit scoring, can be efficiently improved at a low cost.
Evolution of Synapses and Neurotransmitter Systems: The Divide-and-Conquer Model for Early Neural Cell-Type Evolution
Authors: Burkhardt Pawel , Jékely Gáspár
Published: October 2021

Nervous systems evolved around 560 million years ago to coordinate and empower animal bodies. Ctenophores – one of the earliest-branching lineages – are thought to share few neuronal genes with bilaterians and may have evolved neurons convergently. Here we review our current understanding of the evolution of neuronal molecules in non-bilaterians. We also reanalyse single-cell sequencing data in light of new cell-cluster identities from a ctenophore and uncover evidence supporting the homology of one ctenophore neuron-type with neurons in Bilateria. The specific coexpression of the presynaptic proteins Unc13 and RIM with voltage-gated channels, neuropeptides and homeobox genes pinpoint a spiking sensory-peptidergic cell in the ctenophore mouth. Similar Unc13-RIM neurons may have been present in the first eumetazoans to rise to dominance only in stem Bilateria. We hypothesize that the Unc13-RIM lineage ancestrally innervated the mouth and conquered other parts of the body with the rise of macrophagy and predation during the Cambrian explosion.
Regime Shift of Genome Size Crossing the Chasm of Eukaryogenesis
Authors: Wang Hai-Jun , Zhao Xu , Xu Chi , Liu Yang , Liu Ying , Shi Lei , Jeppesen Erik , Xie Ping
Published: October 2021

The origin of the nucleus remains a great mystery in life science, although nearly two centuries have passed since the discovery of nuclei. To date, studies of eukaryogenesis have focused largely on micro-evolutionary explanations. Here, we examined macro-patterns of C-values (the total amount of DNA within the haploid chromosome set of an organism) for over 110,000 species and the chromosome numbers for over 11,000 species and their potential links with the state of atmospheric oxidation over geological time. Eukaryogenesis was in sync with an over 2.5 order-of-magnitude increase in genome size from prokaryote to eukaryote, and also with a rapid rise of atmospheric oxidation, suggesting that eukaryogenesis would have resulted from a regime shift of genomes driven by the oxidation-driven complexification and structuralization (e.g. chromatin packing).
ADDITION OF Aurantiochytrium sp. MEAL IN THE DIET AFFECTS IMMUNITY AND THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE OF THE PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP
Authors: ROCHA Jamilly Sousa , SOARES Mariana , GUIMARÃES Ariane Martins , SCHLEDER Delano Dias , SEIFFERT Walter Quadros , VIEIRA Felipe do Nascimento
Published: October 2021

This paper reports the evaluation of digestibility, immunological parameters, and resistance to thermal shock at low temperature in Litopenaeus vannamei fed diets with diferent Aurantiochytrium sp. meal additions (0; 0.5; 1 and 2%). First, the apparent digestibility coefficient of the ingredient was determined. The digestibility of the microalgae meal was high for protein (74.90%); around 60% for lipids, and for docosahexaenoic fatty acid (DHA) it was 55.61%. After, shrimp rearing with the feed additive was carried out in a clear water system, containing 25 shrimp (initial weight: 4.89 Â± 0.27 g) per 400 L tank. Feeding occurred four times a day. After a three-week period, immunological parameters were evaluated and thermal shock was performed. Animals fed 0.5% and 2% of the microalgae Aurantiochytrium sp. showed higher survival to thermal shock. In immunological analyses, the serum agglutiniting titer was higher (p <0.05) in the 0.5 and 2% additions of the microalgae meal, and the phenoloxidase activity (PO) was higher in the 1% addition (p <0.05). It is concluded that there is good utilization of the nutrients of Aurantiochytrium sp. meal by L. vannamei and its addition to the diet (0.5 and 1%) increased shrimp resistance to thermal shock.
IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF CARVACROL AGAINST SHRIMP PATHOGENS AND ITS USE AS FEED ADDITIVE FOR THE PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP
Authors: COELHO Jaqueline da Rosa , ROSA Karolina Victória , ROCHA Jamilly Sousa , RAMÍREZ Norha Constanza Bolívar , MARASCHIN Marcelo , VIEIRA Felipe do Nascimento
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro effect of carvacrol on different microorganisms of importance in shrimp farming, as well as its in vivo effect on zootechnical, immunological and microbiological performance, as well as resistance, of Litopenaeus vannamei challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. In particular, the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol was evaluated in vitro by analysis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and by agar diffusion disc with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The in vivo experiment was conducted using different concentrations of carvacrol (1, 3, 4 and 6 mg mL-1) added to shrimp feed, together with a control diet without carvacrol. After four weeks, zootechnical, immunological and microbiological parameters, as well as resistance, of animals challenged with V. parahaemolyticus were evaluated. The MIC of Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio harveyi was 0.078 mg mL-1, while for the other bacteria, it was 0.156 mg mL-1 of carvacrol. The greatest halos of inhibition were observed in V. parahaemolyticus and Vibrio harveyi with significant differences demonstrated for the other microorganisms, except Escherichia coli. The in vivo results showed no significant differences among treatments. In conclusion, the antimicrobial activity of carvacrol was confirmed with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, and it is suggested that its antimicrobial potential is more effective against Vibrio spp. However, the concentrations of carvacrol used in vivo did not affect the parameters evaluated.
PERFORMANCE OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP FED PROBIOTICS Lactobacillus plantarum AND Bacillus spp. IN A BIOFLOC SYSTEM
Authors: BOLÍVAR-RAMÍREZ Norha Constanza , SILVA Ana Clara Chede Pereira , FERREIRA Gabriela Soltes , SEIFFERT Walter Quadros , VIEIRA Felipe do Nascimento
Published: October 2021

The present study evaluated the use of the indigenous probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum and commercial probiotic containing Bacillus spp. in the culture of L. vannamei in a biofloc system. Shrimp  were fed with four diets: L. plantarum, Bacillus spp., L. plantarum + Bacillus spp. and feed with no additives. Growth performance, water quality variables and microbiological counting of water and digestive tract of shrimp  were determined. The control group and L. plantarum treatment showed better growth performance. The highest feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the lowest survival were obtained in the L. plantarum + Bacillus spp. treatment, which had significantly higher nitrite values. Vibrio spp. counts in the water were lower in the L. plantarum and L. plantarum + Bacillus spp. treatments and were lower in the intestinal tract in the L. plantarum treatment. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was higher in the L. plantarum treatment in the water and digestive tract. The count of total heterotrophic bacteria (THB) deferred only among Bacillus spp. and L. plantarum + Bacillus spp. treatment, being higher in the latter group. In Bacillus spp. treatment, no presence of LAB was detected in the water or intestinal tract. We conclude that the use of L. plantarum combined with Bacillus spp. negatively affected survival, FCR and water quality, but that the use of L. plantarum alone reduced the presence of Vibrio spp., even though it did not change the growth performance of L. vannamei.
Buku Ajar Analisis Dan Aplikasi Perencanaan Sumber Daya Manusia Di Era Evolusi 4.0
Authors:   Rio Rayyan Lastiko, Hermawan Sigit ,   Herlia Rachmawati,   Fahmi Amil Silmi,   Luki Mayasari
Published: October 2021

Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT yang telah memberikan rahmat dan hidayah-Nya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan buku yang berjudul Analisis dan Aplikasi Perencanaan Sumber Daya Manusia di Era Evolusi 4.0 ini tepat pada waktunya. Adapun tujuan dari penulisan dari buku ini adalah untuk memenuhi tugas buku pada mata kuliah Teori dan Aplikasi Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia. Selain itu, buku ini juga bertujuan untuk menambah wawasan tentang Perencanaan Sumber Daya Manusia bagi para pembaca dan juga bagi penulis. Kami mengucapkan terima kasih kepada bapak Dr. Sigit Hermawan, SE, M.Si., CIQaR, selaku dosen pada mata kuliah Teori dan Aplikasi Manejemen Sumber Daya Manusia yang telah memberikan tugas ini sehingga dapat menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan sesuai dengan bidang studi yang kami tekuni. Kami juga mengucapkan terima kasih kepada semua pihak yang telah membagi sebagian pengetahuannya sehingga kami dapat menyelesaikan buku ini. Kami menyadari, buku yang kami tulis ini masih jauh dari kata sempurna. Oleh karena itu, kritik dan saran yang membangun akan kami nantikan demi kesempurnaan buku ini.
Hukum dan Pendidikan Paralegal di Indonesia
Authors:   Abdul Fatah, Phahlevy Rifqi Ridlo ,   Narwoko,   Ahmad Bagus Aditia,   Sugianto,   Elha Zastis
Published: October 2021

UUD 1945 Pasal 28D ayat (1) menyebutkan bahwa, “setiap orang berhak atas pengakuan, jaminan, perlindungan, dan kepastian hukum yang adil serta perlakuan yang sama di hadapan hukum.” Ini merupakan jaminan negara terhadap hak atas bantuan hukum dan secara luas akses terhadap keadilan merupakan hak konstitusional warga Negara. Kepastian hukum yang adil serta perlakuan yang sama di hadapan hukum hanya dapat terwujud apabila setiap warga negara memiliki hak sama untuk mendapatkan pembelaan baik di dalam maupun di luar pengadilan. Dengan demikian, dapat dikatakan bahwa ketidakmampuan seseorang baik secara structural maupun kultural tidak boleh menyebabkan mereka sendirian di dalam menghadapi masalah hukum. Selayaknya kelompok miskin dan marjinal dapat mengakses bantuan hukum dari advokat atau pengacara. Namun sayangnya jumlah advokat yang tersedia tidak sebanding dengan jumlah masyarakat yang membutuhkan bantuan hukum dan pendampingan di persidangan. Selain itu advokat biasanya hanya berkonsentrasi di kotakota besar sehingga sulit dijangkau, disamping harus mengeluarkan biaya yang tidak kecil untuk jasa seorang advokat. Meskipun saat ini, dengan adanya UU No. 16 Hukum dan Pendidikan Paralegal ii Tahun 2011 tentang Bantuan Hukum, pemerintah telah mengalokasikan anggaran bantuan hukum cuma-cuma bagi warga yang tidak mampu yang harus dibuktikan dengan surat keterangan miskin, namun masih banyak kendala di lapangan dalam implementasinya sehingga bantuan hukum belum berjalan efektif menjangkau masyarakat miskin yang membutuhkan.
Facies and Petrophysical Modeling of Triassic Chang 6 Tight Sandstone Reservoir, Heshui Oil Field, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Iltaf Khawaja Hasnain , Yue Dali , Wang Wurong , Wan Xiaolong , Li Shixiang , Wu Shenghe , Liu Ruijing , Weijia Zhan , Mehboob Siraj , Shah Sajjad Ahmad , Awan Rizwan Sarwar , Tahir Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Tight sandstone reservoirs are widely distributed worldwide. The Upper Triassic Chang 6 member of the Yanchang Formation is characterized by low permeability and porosity. The facies model offers a unique approach for understanding the characteristics of various environments also heterogeneity, scale, and control of physical processes. The role of subsurface facies features and petrophysical properties was unclear. Notable insufficient research has been conducted based on facies and petrophysical modeling and that demands to refine the role of reservoir properties. To tackle this problem, a reservoir model is to be estimated using various combinations of property modeling algorithms for discrete (facies) and continuous (petrophysical) properties. Chang 6 member consists of three main facies, i.e., channel, lobe main body, and lobe margin facies. The current research is aimed at comparing the applicability and competitiveness of various facies and petrophysical modeling methods. Further, well-log data was utilized to interpret unique facies and petrophysical models to better understand the reservoir architecture. Methods for facies modeling include indicator kriging, multiple-point geostatistics, surface-based method, and sequential indicator simulation. Overall, the indicator kriging method preserved the local variability and accuracy, but some facies are smoothed out. The surface-based method showed far better results by showing the ability to reproduce the geometry, extent, connectivity, and facies association. The multiple-point geostatistics (MPG) model accurately presented the facies profiles, contacts, geometry, and geomorphological features. Sequential indicator simulation (SIS) honored the facies spatial distribution and input statistical parameters. The porosity model built using sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) showed low porosity (74% values <2%). Gaussian random function simulation (GRFS) models showed very low average porosity (8%-10%) and low permeability (less than 0.1 mD). These methods indicate that Chang 6 member is a typical unconventional tight sandstone reservoir with ultralow values of petrophysical properties.
Proposed Development Models of Islamic Movements in Post Reformation Indonesia
Authors: Yumitro Gonda , Abdelsalam Elfatih Abdullahi , Shukri Syaza Farhana Mohamad
Published: October 2021

Abstract: This article tries to analyze the models of Islamic movements in post-reformation Indonesia. The major research problem posed is to highlight the main theoretical underpinnings of the momentum of reformation and its impact on various movements, particularly the Islamic ones. The focus here is to explain how these Islamic movements have developed strategies and models to face and circumvent the challenges. This is qualitative research that used documentary analysis and the Focused Group Discussion (FGD) in collecting information and data for analysis. In analyzing the data, the authors used Nvivo 12 Plus. This research found  that the Islamic movements of Indonesia, in their quest for development and influence, have availed themselves of several developmental models, such as transnational and national Islamic movements, political and non-political movements, democratic and anti-democratic, and moderate and radical Islamic movements.المللخص: تحلّل هذه المقالة نماذج الحركات الإسلامية في إندونيسيا بعد الإصلاح. تتمثل المشكلة الرئيسية للبحث التي أثيرت في إبراز النظري الأساسي لزخم الإصلاح وتأثيره على الحركات المختلفة، وخاصة الحركة الإسلامية. ينصب التركيز هنا على شرح كيفية قيام هذه الحركات الإسلامية بتطوير استراتيجيات ونماذج لمواجهة التحديات التي تواجهها وحلها. هذا البحث هو بحث نوعي يستخدم أساليب التحليل الوثائقي والمناقشة الجماعية المركزة (ف.غ.د) في جمع المعلومات وتحليل البيانات. في تحليل البيانات، يستخدم الباحث ن.فيفو 12 بلس. تتمثل النتائج الرئيسية لهذا البحث في أن الحركة الإسلامية في إندونيسيا استجابة للدستور الحالي قد تطورت إلى عدة نماذج، مثل الحركات الإسلامية عبر الوطنية والوطنية، والحركات السياسية وغير السياسية، والديمقراطية ومناهضة الديمقراطية، وكذلك الحركات الإسلامية المعتدلة والمتطرّفة.Abstrak: Artikel ini menganalisis model gerakan Islam pasca reformasi di Indonesia. Permasalahan utama penelitian yang dikemukakan adalah menyoroti landasan teori utama momentum reformasi dan dampaknya terhadap berbagai gerakan khususnya gerakan Islam. Fokus di sini adalah menjelaskan bagaimana gerakan-gerakan Islam tersebut mengembangkan strategi dan model untuk menghadapi dan menyelesaikan tantangan mereka hadapi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang menggunakan metode documentary analysis dan Focused Group Discussion (FGD) dalam pengumpulan informasi dan analisis data. Dalam menganalisis data, penulis menggunakan Nvivo 12 Plus. Temuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa gerakan Islam di Indonesia dalam merespon konstilasi yang ada telah berkembang menjadi beberapa model, seperti gerakan Islam transnasional dan nasional, gerakan politik dan non-politik, demokrasi dan anti-demokrasi, serta gerakan Islam moderat dan radikal.
Long Exposure Chelating Acid Treatment to Release ESP Stuck Pump
Authors: Muklas Aliefiyan Nursanda , Kurniawan Candra , Kusuma Hendra , Ariwibowo Bonni , Safiraldi Prayudha Rifqi , Elthaf Nayesha Shafira Elthaf
Published: October 2021

In October 2019, electrical submersible pump (ESP) XY-107 experienced an overload shutdown. Troubleshooting actions have been conducted such as reverse rotation, used rocking method, voltage boost, inject gas through the annulus, and even fluid circulation, yet still failed to reactivate the well. Pump stuck condition was suspected and urgently need a solution.

A study was performed to determine the cause of pump stuck. XY-107 is produced from limestone formation, therefore suggesting possibility of scale deposit formation in this well. Upon physical inspection inside the well's flowline, lump of deposit was recovered and suspect similar material could have occurred inside the pump. Rig intervention is a common solution for the ESP pump stuck condition. However, it required high cost (around 80,000 USD) and a longer well service job period up to 5 days. With scale deposit as the suspect, an unconventional solution was proposed to soak the well with acid to dissolve stuck-material by rigless operation. It was much cheaper than rig intervention (only about 4,000 USD) and with a shorter time of 1 day. Yet, acid selection is critical to avoid material damage during operation. Since conventional acid system is known to be corrosive to the metal components, hazardous, and difficult to handle; chelating acid was chosen as an alternative since it is known as a metal-friendly and able to dissolve carbonate and iron deposit. Treatment to address pump stuck situation was executed in March 2020. The chemical treatment was injected by pumping and circulating chelating solution from tubing to the annulus. ESP then soaked for 48-hours long.

The treatment has successfully revived the well. It produced with no significant issue for 8 months and even double the oil production. This successful treatment proves chelating technique is safer for ESP and able to regain well production. Significant cost saving up to 76,000 USD was realized by avoiding rig intervention and shortening time of well services. Detailed study, laboratory testing, treatment procedure, and further analysis are discussed in this paper.

Chelating acidizing is an uncommon acid system to stimulate carbonates and sandstone in our operating area. Since its successful performance during the trial, more acid campaign using chelating was conducted to enhance oil production. However, this acid system was never been tried as a solution treatment for pump stuck condition and the case of well XY-107 was the first time in the company's history.
Co-Pyrolysis of PCB with Cotton Stalk: Product Characterisation
Authors: Prajapati Sonalben B , Gautam Alok , Gautam Shina
Published: October 2021

With advancing technology, PCB (Printed circuit board), one of the most important components of e-waste, has become a source of pollution due to an ineffective waste management system. This problem can be solved by converting PCB waste into a valuable product which will emerge to maximize the renewable energy supplies. In this aspect, co-pyrolysis is advantageous in both simple and successful in producing high-quality pyrolysis oil. In this paper, cotton stalk (CS) as biomass was used for co-pyrolysis with PCB. Slow pyrolysis of PCB, CS, and co-pyrolysis of PCB:CS (1:1) have been carried out for temperatures up to 500 \(℃\) in a fixed-bed reactor. The products of pyrolysis: oil was analysed by GC-MS and FTIR and gas had been analysed by GC. The results indicate that there is an increase in oil yield from 19.6% to 27.5 % by weight and phenol and phenolic compounds in oil of co-pyrolysis from 60.94–76.82% than literature available. As per authors knowledge co-pyrolysis of PCB:CS has been attempted first time and the products characterisation were found completely different than any other biomass co-pyrolysis with PCB.
Deep Sequencing of the HIV-1 Polymerase Gene for Characterisation of Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Epitopes During Early and Chronic Disease Stages
Authors: Nkone Paballo , Loubser Shayne , Quinn Thomas C. , Redd Andrew D. , Ismail Arshad , Tiemessen Caroline T. , Mayaphi Simnikiwe Horatious
Published: October 2021

Background

Despite multiple attempts, there is still no effective HIV-1 vaccine available. The HIV-1 polymerase (pol) gene is highly conserved and encodes cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes. The aim of the study was to characterise HIV-1 Pol CTL epitopes in mostly sample pairs obtained during early and chronic stages of infection.
Methods

Illumina deep sequencing was conducted for all samples while Sanger sequencing was only performed on baseline samples. Codons under immune selection pressure were assessed by computing nonsynonymous to synonymous mutation ratios using MEGA. Minority CTL epitope variants occurring at \(\ge\)5% were detected using low-frequency variant tool in CLC Genomics. Los Alamos HIV database was used for mapping mutations to known HIV-1 CTL epitopes.
Results

Fifty-two participants were enrolled in the study. Their median age was 28 years (interquartile range: 24–32 years) and majority of participants (92.3%) were female. Illumina minority variant analysis identified a significantly higher number of CTL epitopes (n = 65) compared to epitopes (n = 8) identified through Sanger sequencing. Most of the identified epitopes mapped to reverse transcriptase (RT) and integrase (IN) regardless of sequencing method. There was a significantly higher proportion of minority variant epitopes in RT (n = 39, 60.0%) compared to IN (n = 17, 26.2%) and PR (n = 9, 13.8%), p = 0.002 and < 0.0001, respectively. However, no significant difference was observed between the proportion of minority variant epitopes in IN versus PR, p = 0.06. Some epitopes were detected in either early or chronic HIV-1 infection whereas others were detected in both stages. Different distribution patterns of minority variant epitopes were observed in sample pairs; with some increasing or decreasing over time, while others remained constant. Some of the identified epitopes have not been previously reported for HIV-1 subtype C. There were also variants that could not be mapped to reported CTL epitopes in the Los Alamos HIV database.
Conclusion

Deep sequencing revealed many Pol CTL epitopes, including some not previously reported for HIV-1 subtype C. The findings of this study support the inclusion of RT and IN epitopes in HIV-1 vaccine candidates as these proteins harbour many CTL epitopes.
Sensitivity Enhancement of a Graphene, Zinc Sulfide-based Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor With an Ag Metal Configuration in the Visible Region
Authors: Karki Bhishma , Uniyal Arun ,   Brajlata Chauhan2, Pal Amrindra
Published: October 2021

A biosensor based on the modified Kretschmann configuration is proposed here. The sensitivity of the conventional prism-based sensor using angular interrogation is low. To enhance the sensor's performance, layers of zinc sulfide (ZnS) and graphene have been deposited over the metal layer. The angular interrogation technique is used to analyze the performance of the sensor. The thickness of the Ag metal has been optimized. The thickness of the Ag metal is taken as 50 nm because minimum reflectance has been achieved. With the combinations of the four layers of ZnS and one graphene layer, the maximum sensitivity attained is 305o/RU. Performance parameters such as detection accuracy, FWHM, and quality factor of the sensor have been evaluated as obtained as 0.33 deg-1, 3.05 deg, 100.7 RIU-1, respectively. The proposed sensor has potential application in the field of biochemical and biological analyte detection.
Alcohol Use During Pregnancy and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Sub-saharan Africa: Further Analysis of the Recent Demographic and Health Survey Data
Authors: Mulat Bezawit , Alemnew Wallelign , Shitu Kegnie
Published: October 2021

BackgroundAlcohol drinking during pregnancy is towering in spite of the well-established prove on its unfavorable pregnancy results and destitute child improvement. Despite such enormous consequences, there are limited data that explore about the extent of alcohol drinking and its associated factors among mothers during pregnancy in sub-Saharan Africa. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy among pregnant mothers in sub-Saharan Africa. MethodA community based crossectional demographic and health survey was conducted from 2013 to 2017 among four Sub-Sahara African countries: Burundi, Ethiopia, Liberia and Zimbabwe. A two-stage stratified sampling technique was employed to select the participants. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy. A p-value less than 0.05 and 95% confidence interval were used to declare statistical significance.ResultA total of 3,953 weighed sample of pregnant mothers were included in the study. The mean age of the participants was 27.3 (± 6.8) years with an age range of 15-49 years. The overall prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy was 22.8% with (95% CI (21.5, 24)) and it was significantly associated with increased age (AOR=1.02, 95% CI (1.01, 1.04)), Muslim religion follower ( AOR=0.07, 95% (0.05,0.11), husband/partner’s educational status of primary (AOR=0.7 ,95% CI (0.55,0.84), secondary (AOR=0.53, 95% CI ( 0.41,0.7)) and higher (AOR=0.49 , 95% CI(0.31,0.8), being currently working (AOR=1.5,95% CI ( 1.09,1.55) , having ANC visit ( AOR=0.82, 95% C I(0.68,0.98) and increased gravidity ( AOR=0.93,95% CI( 0.86,0.99).Conclusion Alcohol drinking during pregnancy was high among pregnants in sub-Saharan African countries. Maternal age, religion, husband educational status, current working status of the mother, presence of ANC visit and gravidity of the mother were factors which have significant association with alcohol drinking during pregnancy. This calls a tailored behavior change intervention to reduce alcohol use during pregnancy. More emphasis should also be given for pregnant women with no ANC visit, lower gravidity, and an illiterate husband, currently working and Christianity followers.
Concomittant use of Sapien 3 Transcatheter Valve for Severe MAC with Intuity Elite Rapid Deployment Valve for Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Hooks Gareth J. , Ball Peter , Spence Mark S. , Jeganathan Reuben
Published: October 2021

Background-Concomitant double valve pathology in the presence of severe MAC poses significant technical challenges when planning surgical intervention. With continued evolution of valve prosthesis, innovative techniques can be considered with the potential for additional therapeutic benefit. Case presentation-We present a novel technique of using a rapid deployment surgical aortic valve in combination with open surgical transcatheter mitral valve implantation (TMVI) for severe Mitral Annular Calcification (MAC). The Intuity Elite rapid deployment prosthesis (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) was used concomitantly with the Sapien 3 (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA) transcatheter prosthesis trans-atrially on cardiopulmonary bypass in a patient with critical aortic stenosis and moderate-severe mixed mitral valve disease in the setting of severe MAC (off-label use). Conclusions-We demonstrate how both technologies can, not only be accommodated, but indeed complement each other achieving an excellent outcome in a high-risk patient.
Chest X-Ray Findings in Drug Sensitive and Drug Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Uganda
Authors: Anthony Oriekot , Sereke Senai Goitom , Bongomin Felix , Bugeza Samuel , Muyinda Zeridah
Published: October 2021

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Radiology has an important role in the diagnosis of both drug-sensitive (DS) and drug-resistant (DR) pulmonary TB (PTB). This study aimed at comparing the chest x-ray (CXR) patterns of microbiologically confirmed cases of DS and DR PTB in Uganda.Methods: We conducted a hospital based retrospective study at the Mulago National Referral Hospital (MNRH) TB wards. All participants had microbiologically confirmed diagnosis of PTB. CXR findings extracted included infiltrate, consolidation, cavity, fibrosis, bronchiectasis, atelectasis and other non-lung parenchymal findings. All films were independently examined by two experienced radiologists blinded to clinical diagnosis.Results: We analyzed CXR findings of 165 participants: 139 DS- and 26 DR-TB cases. Majority (n=118, 71.7%) of the participants were seronegative for HIV. Overall, 5/165 (3%) participants had normal CXR. There was no statistically significant difference in the proportion of participants with consolidations (74.8% versus 88.5%; p – 0.203), bronchopneumonic opacities (56.1% versus 42.3%, p=0.207) and cavities (38.1% versus 46.2%, p=0.514), across drug susceptibility status (DS versus DR TB). Among HIV infected participants, consolidations were predominantly in the middle lung zone in the DS TB group and in the lower lung zone in the DR TB group (42.5% versus 12.8%, p – 0.66). HIV infected participants with DR TB had statistically significantly larger cavity sizes compared to their HIV uninfected counterparts with DR TB (7.7 ± 6.8cm versus 4.2 ± 1.3cm, p – 0.004). Conclusion- We observed that a vast majority of participants had similar CXR changes, irrespective of drug susceptibility status. However, HIV infected DR PTB had larger cavities. The diagnostic utility of cavity sizes for the differentiation of DR from DS TB could be investigated further.
A Novel Strategy to Uncover Specific Go Terms/phosphorylation Pathways in Phosphoproteomic Data in Arabidopsis Thaliana
Authors: Arico Denise S. , Beati Paula , Wengier Diego L. , Mazzella María Agustina
Published: October 2021

Background. Proteins are the workforce of the cell and their phosphorylation status tailors specific responses efficiently. One of the main challenges of phosphoproteomic approaches is to deconvolute biological processes that specifically respond to an experimental query from a list of phosphoproteins. Comparison of the frequency distribution of GO (Gene Ontology) terms in a given phosphoproteome set with that observed in the genome reference set (GenRS) is the most widely used tool to infer biological significance. Yet, this comparison assumes that GO term distribution between the phosphoproteome and the genome are identical. However, this hypothesis has not been tested due to the lack of a comprehensive phosphoproteome database.Results. In this study, we test this hypothesis by constructing three phosphoproteome databases in Arabidopsis thaliana: one based in experimental data (ExpRS), another based in in silico phosphorylation protein prediction (PredRS) and a third that is the union of both (UnRS). Our results show that the three phosphoproteome reference sets show default enrichment of several GO terms compared to GenRS, indicating that GO term distribution in the phosphoproteomes does not match that of the genome. Moreover, these differences overshadow the identification of GO terms that are specifically enriched in a particular condition. To overcome this limitation, we present an additional comparison of the sample of interest with UnRS to uncover GO terms specifically enriched in a particular phosphoproteome experiment. Using this strategy, we found that mRNA splicing and cytoplasmic microtubule compounds are important processes specifically enriched in the phosphoproteome of dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings. Conclusions. This study provides a novel strategy to uncover GO specific terms in phosphoproteome data of Arabidopsis that could be applied to any other organism. We also highlight the importance of specific phosphorylation pathways that take place during dark-grown Arabidopsis development.
Data analytics accelerates the experimental discovery of new thermoelectric materials with extremely high figure of merit
Authors: Levchenko Sergey , Zhong Yaqiong , Hu Xiaojuan , Sarker Debalaya , Xia Qingrui , Xu Liangliang , Yang Chao , Han Zhongkang , Cui Jiaolin
Published: October 2021

Thermoelectric (TE) materials are among very few sustainable yet feasible energy solutions of present time. This huge promise of energy harvesting is contingent on identifying/designing materials having higher efficiency than presently available ones. However, due to the vastness of the chemical space of materials, only its small fraction was scanned experimentally and/or computationally so far. Employing a compressed-sensing based symbolic regression in an active-learning framework, we have not only identified a trend in materials’ compositions for superior TE performance, but have also predicted and experimentally synthesized several extremely high performing novel TE materials. Among these, we found polycrystalline p-type Cu0.45Ag0.55GaTe2 to possess an experimental figure of merit as high as ~2.8 at 827 K. This is a breakthrough in the field, because all previously known thermoelectric materials with a comparable figure of merit are either unstable or much more difficult to synthesize, rendering them unusable in large-scale applications. The presented methodology demonstrates the importance and tremendous potential of physically informed descriptors in material science, in particular for relatively small data sets typically available from experiments at well-controlled conditions.
Effectiveness of Exercise Interventions on Pelvic Floor Muscle Function of Pregnant and Postpartum Women: A Systematic Review of Reviews
Authors: Ryhtä Iina , Axelin Anna , Hamari Lotta
Published: October 2021

BackgroundDysfunctions related to pelvic floor muscles such as urinary incontinence and pelvic pain are common among pregnant and postpartum women. With properly functioning pelvic floor muscles, it is possible to prevent these dysfunctions. Still, shared understanding about effective exercise interventions is missing. The aim of this review of reviews was to form a summary of the existing evidence about effective exercise interventions on pelvic floor muscle function of pregnant and postpartum women. MethodsNine databases were searched by June 12, 2020. PICO was used to define the eligibility criteria. Population: pregnant or postpartum women, interventions: activity-based interventions aiming to affect the function of pelvic floor muscles, comparators: waiting list or usual care, outcomes: disorders concerning pelvic floors muscles, study design: systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Screening and quality assessment were conducted by two researchers separately. The data were extracted and analyzed narratively. ResultsAltogether 20 systematic reviews reporting findings from 147 original studies were included. The methodological quality of the included reviews was mainly good, overall scores varying from 6/11–11/11. The results showed it may be possible to reduce low-back and pelvic pain as well as the severity of pain with exercise interventions during pregnancy but no association with odds of low back and pelvic pain during the postpartum period were found. With prenatal exercise interventions, it is possible to decrease the risk of urinary incontinence during pregnancy and the postnatal period, but the differences between the control group and the intervention group seem to vanish in the late postnatal period. The results were carefully optimistic within postnatal exercise interventions that decreased pelvic pain, reduction in vaginal bulging and pelvic organ prolapse, but more research is needed. ConclusionsOverall, the level of evidence was low. It seems that with exercise interventions it could be possible to prevent and provide care for the disorders of pelvic floor muscles to some extent. However, more high-quality research is needed to support decision making in the health care systems and to get evidence-based knowledge guiding health professionals working with pregnant and postpartum women.
Biomolecular Characterization of Bacillus tequilensis A1C1 Isolated from Soil and Chromatographic Analysis of D-serine in its Cellular Fraction
Authors: Kapil Shikha , Bhattu Monika , Kumar Tarun , Sharma Vipasha
Published: October 2021

The bacteria isolated from the pomace dumping soil site (bacteria id A1C1) showed maximum growth (O.D600 = 1.97±0.4 X 109 cells/ml) within 48h in the minimal salt media supplemented with L-serine. The isolated strain was identified as ‘Bacillus tequilensis’ through 16sRNA sequencing. The strain was quantified for D-serine content by using RP-HPLC. The D-serine concentration was calculated as 0.919±0.02 nM in the bacterial cellular fraction by using a standard curve plot and linear curve equation. Further, recovery % was also calculated for the spiked samples which vary from 85-90%. The study’s peculiarity reflects the fact that the isolated strain was explored for the first time to detect the presence of serine enantiomers. The biochemical features also showed 70% similarity to the standard strain Bacillus tequilensis 10bT. The optimum growth parameters were recorded as 37℃±0.5, 150±0.5 RPM, and 7±0.5pH. The strain was Gram-positive and synthesized endospores. Morphological results showed its rod shape, large, irregular, and off-white-coloured colonies. A1C1 was also tested for the production of secondary metabolites and enzymes. A1C1 showed positive results for indole production, lactose fermentation, protease, and gelatinase whereas, negative results for catalase, MR-VP, citrate utilization, cellulase, amylase, and pectinase. Further, the strain was assayed for PGPR attributes and showed a negative phosphate solubilization index and IAA production. The antibacterial assay showed 5% and 2% efficacy of the extracellular fraction against MTCC 40 and MTCC 11949 respectively. These results demonstrate that Bacillus tequilensis A1C1 has antibacterial activity, the potential to secrete extracellular enzymes, and D-serine content in the intracellular fraction of the cultivated cells.