bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A conserved molecular template underlies color pattern diversity in estrildid finches
Authors: Hidalgo Magdalena , Curantz Camille , Quenech’Du Nicole , Neguer Julia , Beck Samantha , Mohammad Ammara , Manceau Marie
Published: August 2022

The color patterns that adorn animals’ coats not only exhibit extensive diversity linked to various ecological functions but also display recurrences in geometry, orientation, or body location. How processes of pattern formation shape such phenotypic trends remains a mystery. Here, we surveyed plumage color patterns in passerine finches displaying extreme apparent variation and identified a conserved set of color domains. We linked these domains to putative embryonic skin regions instructed by early developmental tissues and outlined by the combinatory expression of few genetic markers. We found that this embryonic prepattern is largely conserved in birds displaying drastic color differences in the adult, interspecies variation resulting from the masking or display of each domain depending on their coloration. This work showed that a simple molecular landscape serves as common spatial template to extensive color pattern variation in finches, revealing that early conserved landmarks and molecular pathways are a major cause of phenotypic trends.
Direct observation of the molecular mechanism underlying protein polymerization
Authors: Hundt Nikolas , Cole Daniel , Hantke Max F. , Miller Jack J. , Struwe Weston B. , Kukura Philipp
Published: August 2022

Protein assembly is a main route to generating complexity in living systems. Revealing the relevant molecular details is challenging because of the intrinsic heterogeneity of species ranging from few to hundreds of molecules. Here, we use mass photometry to quantify and monitor the full range of actin oligomers during polymerization with single-molecule sensitivity. We find that traditional nucleation-based models cannot account for the observed distributions of actin oligomers. Instead, the key step of filament formation is a slow transition between distinct states of an actin filament mediated by cation exchange or ATP hydrolysis. The resulting model reproduces important aspects of actin polymerization, such as the critical concentration for filament formation and bulk growth behavior. Our results revise the mechanism of actin nucleation, shed light on the role and function of actin-associated proteins, and introduce a general and quantitative means to studying protein assembly at the molecular level.
From motor control to team play in simulated humanoid football
Authors: Liu Siqi , Lever Guy , Wang Zhe , Merel Josh , Eslami S. M. Ali , Hennes Daniel , Czarnecki Wojciech M. , Tassa Yuval , Omidshafiei Shayegan , Abdolmaleki Abbas , Siegel Noah Y. , Hasenclever Leonard , Marris Luke , Tunyasuvunakool Saran , Song H. Francis , Wulfmeier Markus , Muller Paul , Haarnoja Tuomas , Tracey Brendan , Tuyls Karl , Graepel Thore , Heess Nicolas
Published: August 2022

Learning to combine control at the level of joint torques with longer-term goal-directed behavior is a long-standing challenge for physically embodied artificial agents. Intelligent behavior in the physical world unfolds across multiple spatial and temporal scales: Although movements are ultimately executed at the level of instantaneous muscle tensions or joint torques, they must be selected to serve goals that are defined on much longer time scales and that often involve complex interactions with the environment and other agents. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of learning-based approaches applied to the respective problems of complex movement, long-term planning, and multiagent coordination. However, their integration traditionally required the design and optimization of independent subsystems and remains challenging. In this work, we tackled the integration of motor control and long-horizon decision-making in the context of simulated humanoid football, which requires agile motor control and multiagent coordination. We optimized teams of agents to play simulated football via reinforcement learning, constraining the solution space to that of plausible movements learned using human motion capture data. They were trained to maximize several environment rewards and to imitate pretrained football-specific skills if doing so led to improved performance. The result is a team of coordinated humanoid football players that exhibit complex behavior at different scales, quantified by a range of analysis and statistics, including those used in real-world sport analytics. Our work constitutes a complete demonstration of learned integrated decision-making at multiple scales in a multiagent setting.
Single-cell profiling of environmental enteropathy reveals signatures of epithelial remodeling and immune activation
Authors: Kummerlowe Conner , Mwakamui Simutanyi , Hughes Travis K. , Mulugeta Nolawit , Mudenda Victor , Besa Ellen , Zyambo Kanekwa , Shay Jessica E. S. , Fleming Ira , Vukovic Marko , Doran Ben A. , Aicher Toby P. , Wadsworth Marc H. , Bramante Juliet Tongue , Uchida Amiko M. , Fardoos Rabiah , Asowata Osaretin E. , Herbert Nicholas , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Kløverpris Henrik N. , Garber John J. , Ordovas-Montañes José , Gartner Zev J. , Wallach Thomas , Shalek Alex K. , Kelly Paul
Published: August 2022

Environmental enteropathy (EE) is a subclinical condition of the small intestine that is highly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. It is thought to be a key contributing factor to childhood malnutrition, growth stunting, and diminished oral vaccine responses. Although EE has been shown to be the by-product of a recurrent enteric infection, its full pathophysiology remains unclear. Here, we mapped the cellular and molecular correlates of EE by performing high-throughput, single-cell RNA-sequencing on 33 small intestinal biopsies from 11 adults with EE in Lusaka, Zambia (eight HIV-negative and three HIV-positive), six adults without EE in Boston, United States, and two adults in Durban, South Africa, which we complemented with published data from three additional individuals from the same clinical site. We analyzed previously defined bulk-transcriptomic signatures of reduced villus height and decreased microbial translocation in EE and showed that these signatures may be driven by an increased abundance of surface mucosal cells—a gastric-like subset previously implicated in epithelial repair in the gastrointestinal tract. In addition, we determined cell subsets whose fractional abundances associate with EE severity, small intestinal region, and HIV infection. Furthermore, by comparing duodenal EE samples with those from three control cohorts, we identified dysregulated WNT and MAPK signaling in the EE epithelium and increased proinflammatory cytokine gene expression in a T cell subset highly expressing a transcriptional signature of tissue-resident memory cells in the EE cohort. Together, our work elucidates epithelial and immune correlates of EE and nominates cellular and molecular targets for intervention.
Gut microbiome dysbiosis is associated with increased mortality after solid organ transplantation
Authors: Swarte J. Casper , Li Yanni , Hu Shixian , Björk Johannes R. , Gacesa Ranko , Vich Vila Arnau , Douwes Rianne M. , Collij Valerie , Kurilshikov Alexander , Post Adrian , Klaassen Marjolein A. Y. , Eisenga Michele F. , Gomes-Neto António W. , Kremer Daan , Jansen Bernadien H. , Knobbe Tim J. , Berger Stefan P. , Sanders Jan-Stephan F. , Heiner-Fokkema M. Rebecca , Porte Robert J. , Cuperus Frans J. C. , de Meijer Vincent E. , Wijmenga Cisca , Festen Eleonora A. M. , Zhernakova Alexandra , Fu Jingyuan , Harmsen Hermie J. M. , Blokzijl Hans , Bakker Stephan J. L. , Weersma Rinse K.
Published: August 2022

Organ transplantation is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage disease, but survival rates after transplantation vary considerably. There is now increasing evidence that the gut microbiome is linked to the survival of patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant, yet little is known about the role of the gut microbiome in solid organ transplantation. We analyzed 1370 fecal samples from 415 liver and 672 renal transplant recipients using shotgun metagenomic sequencing to assess microbial taxonomy, metabolic pathways, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. To quantify taxonomic and metabolic dysbiosis, we also analyzed 1183 age-, sex-, and body mass index–matched controls from the same population. In addition, a subset of 78 renal transplant recipients was followed longitudinally from pretransplantation to 24 months after transplantation. Our data showed that both liver and kidney transplant recipients suffered from gut dysbiosis, including lower microbial diversity, increased abundance of unhealthy microbial species, decreased abundance of important metabolic pathways, and increased prevalence and diversity of antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors. These changes were found to persist up to 20 years after transplantation. Last, we demonstrated that the use of immunosuppressive drugs was associated with the observed dysbiosis and that the extent of dysbiosis was associated with increased mortality after transplantation. This study represents a step toward potential microbiome-targeted interventions that might influence the outcomes of recipients of solid organ transplantation.
How To Be a Successful Monopartite Begomovirus in a Bipartite-Dominated World: Emergence and Spread of Tomato Mottle Leaf Curl Virus in Brazil
Authors: Souza Juliana O. , Melgarejo Tomás A. , Vu Sandra , Nakasu Erich Y. T. , Chen Li-Fang , Rojas Maria R. , Zerbini F. Murilo , Inoue-Nagata Alice K. , Gilbertson Robert L.
Published: August 2022

Worldwide, diseases of tomato caused by whitefly-transmitted geminiviruses (begomoviruses) cause substantial economic losses and a reliance on insecticides for management. Here, we describe the molecular and biological properties of tomato mottle leaf curl virus (ToMoLCV) from Brazil and establish that it is a NW monopartite begomovirus indigenous to northeastern Brazil.
Symbiosis between
Candidatus
Patescibacteria and Archaea Discovered in Wastewater-Treating Bioreactors
Authors: Kuroda Kyohei , Yamamoto Kyosuke , Nakai Ryosuke , Hirakata Yuga , Kubota Kengo , Nobu Masaru K. , Narihiro Takashi
Published: August 2022

One highly diverse phylogenetic group of Bacteria,
Ca
. Patescibacteria, remains poorly understood, but, from the few cultured representatives and metagenomic investigations, they are thought to live symbiotically or parasitically with other bacteria or even with eukarya.
Sublithospheric melt input in cratonic lamproites
Authors: Sarkar Soumendu , Giuliani Andrea , Phillips David , Howarth Geoffrey H. , Ghosh Sujoy , Dalton Hayden
Published: August 2022

Cratonic lamproites are diamondiferous ultrapotassic rocks that are emplaced through thick continental lithosphere and thought to derive from melting of metasomatized (i.e., geochemically enriched) regions of the subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). We explored the alternative hypothesis that melts sourced from sublithospheric (i.e., convective mantle) sources dominate the genesis of cratonic lamproites. Supporting evidence includes a robust linear correlation between the Mg/Fe ratios of xenocrystic and magmatic olivine in lamproites worldwide, overlapping the trend observed for kimberlite olivine. This indicates that, similar to kimberlites, primary lamproite melts originate from broadly similar sublithospheric mantle sources before assimilating SCLM material of variable composition. The lamproites are also characterized by a direct correlation between olivine Mg/Fe ratio and bulk-lamproite K2O/Al2O3, an index of potassium enrichment in the melt that is independent of mantle-xenocryst entrainment and magmatic differentiation. Quantitative modeling indicates that this correlation results from the interaction between carbonate-bearing sublithospheric melt and phlogopite-rich wall rocks in the SCLM. Our data show that cratonic lamproites and kimberlites have similar mantle sources in the convective mantle, with lamproites acquiring their peculiar enrichment in K by interaction with metasomatized SCLM en route to the surface. Modification of sublithospheric melts during transit through the continental lithosphere might represent a common process for the genesis of alkaline mafic/ultramafic magmas.
Association between use of systemic and inhaled glucocorticoids and changes in brain volume and white matter microstructure: a cross-sectional study using data from the UK Biobank
Authors: van der Meulen Merel , Amaya Jorge Miguel , Dekkers Olaf M , Meijer Onno C
Published: August 2022

Objective

To test the hypothesis that systemic and inhaled glucocorticoid use is associated with changes in grey matter volume (GMV) and white matter microstructure.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

UK Biobank, a prospective population-based cohort study of adults recruited in the UK between 2006 and 2010.

Participants

After exclusion based on neurological, psychiatric or endocrinological history, and use of psychotropic medication, 222 systemic glucocorticoid users, 557 inhaled glucocorticoid users and 24 106 controls with available T1 and diffusion MRI data were included.

Main outcome measures

Primary outcomes were differences in 22 volumetric and 14 diffusion imaging parameters between glucocorticoid users and controls, determined using linear regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders. Secondary outcomes included cognitive functioning (six tests) and emotional symptoms (four questions).

Results

Both systemic and inhaled glucocorticoid use were associated with reduced white matter integrity (lower fractional anisotropy (FA) and higher mean diffusivity (MD)) compared with controls, with larger effect sizes in systemic users (FA: adjusted mean difference (AMD)=−3.7e-3, 95% CI=−6.4e-3 to 1.0e-3; MD: AMD=7.2e-6, 95% CI=3.2e-6 to 1.1e-5) than inhaled users (FA: AMD=−2.3e-3, 95% CI=−4.0e-3 to −5.7e-4; MD: AMD=2.7e-6, 95% CI=1.7e-7 to 5.2e-6). Systemic use was also associated with larger caudate GMV (AMD=178.7 mm3, 95% CI=82.2 to 275.0), while inhaled users had smaller amygdala GMV (AMD=−23.9 mm3, 95% CI=−41.5 to −6.2) than controls. As for secondary outcomes, systemic users performed worse on the symbol digit substitution task (AMD=−0.17 SD, 95% CI=−0.34 to −0.01), and reported more depressive symptoms (OR=1.76, 95% CI=1.25 to 2.43), disinterest (OR=1.84, 95% CI=1.29 to 2.56), tenseness/restlessness (OR=1.78, 95% CI=1.29 to 2.41), and tiredness/lethargy (OR=1.90, 95% CI=1.45 to 2.50) compared with controls. Inhaled users only reported more tiredness/lethargy (OR=1.35, 95% CI=1.14 to 1.60).

Conclusions

Both systemic and inhaled glucocorticoid use are associated with decreased white matter integrity and limited changes in GMV. This association may contribute to the neuropsychiatric side effects of glucocorticoid medication, especially with chronic use.
Electrophoretic mobility of individual molecules of alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Craig Douglas B , Malhi Simrat , Ahmad Basit , Breckman Kristopher , Patel Ankoor
Published: August 2022

The electrophoretic mobilities and catalytic rates of individual molecules of bovine intestinal alkaline phosphatase were determined in CHES and borate buffers of identical pH using a capillary electrophoresis based method. Both properties were found to be heterogeneous. In the presence of CHES, the mobility and rate were found to be −1.9 ± 0.2 × 10−9 m2 V−1 s−1 and 9.8 ± 7.4 × 104 min−1 ( N = 38), respectively. In the presence of borate, the mobility and rate were found to be −6.9 ± 0.5 × 10−9 m2 V−1 s−1 and 2.0 ± 1.3 × 104 min−1 ( N = 41), respectively. The means and variances for both properties were found to differ significantly between the two buffers. The difference in average mobility was attributed to an increase in negative charge caused by borate complexing with the carbohydrate moieties attached to the enzyme. The difference in variance was attributed to heterogeneous complexation with borate due to heterogeneity in the glycosylation. The differences in mean values for the catalytic rate were attributed to the inhibitory effect of borate and the difference in variance may suggest that the KI of this binding may also be heterogeneous.
Using telomeric length measurements and methylation to understand the karyotype diversification of Ctenomys minutus (a small fossorial mammal)
Authors: Matzenbacher C.A. , Da Silva J. , Garcia A.L.H. , Kretschmer R. , Cappetta M. , de Oliveira E.H.C. , de Freitas T.R.O.
Published: August 2022

The genus Ctenomys has been widely used in karyotype evolution studies due to the variation in their diploid numbers. Ctenomys minutus is characterized by intraspecific variation in diploid number (2 n = 42, 46, 48, and 50), which makes it an interesting model to investigate genomic rearrangements mechanisms that could lead to different cytotypes in this species. Thereupon, it has been already shown that DNA methylation may participate in chromosome structure. Therefore, we aimed to investigate whether telomeres and global DNA methylation had a role in the genome rearrangements that led to this variation in C. minutus. We also realized an analysis for the presence of intrachromosomal telomeric repeats (ITRs) by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Our study demonstrated that neither telomere length nor DNA methylation had significant differences among the cytotypes. However, if only females were considered, there were significant differences for telomere length and methylation. Young individuals, regardless of their cytotypes, had the most methylated DNA. Regarding the ITRs, we found a signal on chromosome 1 in 2 n = 50b. No evidence was found that telomere length or methylation could have influenced chromosomal rearrangements, although new cytotypes seem to have emerged within the distribution of parental cytotypes by the accumulation of different chromosomal rearrangements.
Running vacuum versus holographic dark energy: a cosmographic comparison
Authors: Rezaei Mehdi , Peracaula Joan Solà
Published: August 2022

We perform a comparative study of different types of dynamical dark energy models (DDEs) using the cosmographic method. Among the models being examined herein we have the Running Vacuum models (RVMs), which have demonstrated considerable ability to fit the overall cosmological data at a level comparable to the standard cosmological model,$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM, and capable of alleviating the$$\sigma _8$$σ8and$$H_0$$H0tensions. At the same time we address a variety of Holographic dark energy models (HDEs) with different options for the time (redshift)-varying model parameter$$c=c(z)$$c=c(z). We deal with the HDEs under the double assumption of fixed and evolving holographic length scale and assess which one is better. Both types of DDEs (RVMs and HDEs) are confronted with the most robust cosmographic data available, namely the Pantheon sample of supernovae data (SnIa), the baryonic acoustic oscillations data (BAOs) extracted from measurement of the power spectrum and bispectrum of the BOSS data release, and the cosmic chronometer measurements of the Hubble rate (CCHs) at different redshifts obtained from spectroscopic observations of passively evolving galaxies. Using these data samples we assess the viability of the mentioned DDEs and compare them with the concordance$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM model. From our cosmographic analysis we conclude that the RVMs fare comparably well to the$$\Lambda $$ΛCDM, a fact which adds up more credit to their sound phenomenological status. In contrast, while some of the HDEs are favored using the current Hubble horizon as fixed holographic length, they become highly unfavoured in the more realistic case when the holographic length is dynamical and evolves as the Hubble horizon.
Phenomenology analysis of $$\bar{B}^* \rightarrow V \tau ^-\bar{\nu }_{\tau }$$ decays in and beyond the Standard Model
Authors: Sheng Jin-Huan , Hu Quan-Yi , Wang Ru-Min , Zhu Jie
Published: August 2022

Motivated by the persistent anomalies reported in the$$b\rightarrow c \tau \bar{\nu }$$b→cτν¯data, we investigate the semileptonic decays$$\bar{B}^* \rightarrow V \tau ^-\bar{\nu }_{\tau } (V=D^*_{u,d,s},J/\psi )$$B¯∗→Vτ-ν¯τ(V=Du,d,s∗,J/ψ), within the Standard Model and beyond. The relevant transition form factors, being calculated in the covariant light-front quark model, is the main source of theoretical uncertainties. Using various best-fit solutions for the new operator Wilson coefficients, we report numerical results on various observables related to the processes$$\bar{B}^* \rightarrow V \tau ^-\bar{\nu }_{\tau }$$B¯∗→Vτ-ν¯τ, such as the branching ratios, the ratio of branching fractions, the hadron and lepton polarization asymmetries, the forward–backward asymmetries and the convexity parameter. We also predict the$$q^2$$q2distribution of these observables both within the Standard Model and in various new physics scenarios. The accessible observables are studied in order to assess their sensitivity to the different new physics scenarios. We can find that some of the new physics scenarios can be differentiated from each other by using these observables and their correlations. We also find that some observables of these decay modes are sizeable and deviate significantly (for new physics coupling parameter$$S_R$$SRespecially) from their corresponding standard model values, which are expected to be within the reach of Run III of Large Hadron Collider experiment. And experimental information on these distributions which will be testified in the future can help to disentangle the dynamical origin of the current anomalies.
A HC model with countable set of spin values: Uncountable set of Gibbs measures
Authors: Rozikov U. A. , Haydarov F. H.
Published: August 2022

We consider a hard core (HC) model with a countable set [Formula: see text] of spin values on the Cayley tree. This model is defined by a countable set of parameters [Formula: see text]. For all possible values of parameters, we give limit points of the dynamical system generated by a function which describes the consistency condition for finite-dimensional measures. Also, we prove that every periodic Gibbs measure for the given model is either translation-invariant or periodic with period two. Moreover, we construct uncountable set of Gibbs measures for this HC model.
Unraveling the Development of an Algorithm for Recognizing Primary Emotions Through Electroencephalography
Authors: Sorinas Jennifer , Troyano Juan C. Fernandez , Ferrández Jose Manuel , Fernandez Eduardo
Published: August 2022

The large range of potential applications, not only for patients but also for healthy people, that could be achieved by affective brain–computer interface (aBCI) makes more latent the necessity of finding a commonly accepted protocol for real-time EEG-based emotion recognition. Based on wavelet package for spectral feature extraction, attending to the nature of the EEG signal, we have specified some of the main parameters needed for the implementation of robust positive and negative emotion classification. Twelve seconds has resulted as the most appropriate sliding window size; from that, a set of 20 target frequency-location variables have been proposed as the most relevant features that carry the emotional information. Lastly, QDA and KNN classifiers and population rating criterion for stimuli labeling have been suggested as the most suitable approaches for EEG-based emotion recognition. The proposed model reached a mean accuracy of 98% (s.d. 1.4) and 98.96% (s.d. 1.28) in a subject-dependent (SD) approach for QDA and KNN classifier, respectively. This new model represents a step forward towards real-time classification. Moreover, new insights regarding subject-independent (SI) approximation have been discussed, although the results were not conclusive.
On ideals of L1-algebras of compact quantum groups
Authors: Anderson-Sackaney Benjamin
Published: August 2022

We develop a notion of a non-commutative hull for a left ideal of the [Formula: see text]-algebra of a compact quantum group [Formula: see text]. A notion of non-commutative spectral synthesis for compact quantum groups is proposed as well. It is shown that a certain Ditkin’s property at infinity (which includes those [Formula: see text] where the dual quantum group [Formula: see text] has the approximation property) is equivalent to every hull having synthesis. We use this work to extend recent work of White that characterizes the weak[Formula: see text] closed ideals of a measure algebra of a compact group to those of the measure algebra of a coamenable compact quantum group. In the sequel, we use this work to study bounded right approximate identities of certain left ideals of [Formula: see text] in relation to coamenability of [Formula: see text].
Toeplitz operators and Hilbert modules on the symmetrized polydisc
Authors: Bhattacharyya Tirthankar , Krishna Das B. , Sau Haripada
Published: August 2022

When is the collection of [Formula: see text]-Toeplitz operators with respect to a tuple of commuting bounded operators [Formula: see text], which has the symmetrized polydisc as a spectral set, nontrivial? The answer is in terms of powers of [Formula: see text] as well as in terms of a unitary extension. En route, the Brown–Halmos relations are investigated. A commutant lifting theorem is established. Finally, we establish a general result connecting the [Formula: see text]-algebra generated by the commutant of [Formula: see text] and the commutant of its unitary extension [Formula: see text].
On the energy of Schwarzschild spacetime with the post-Newtonian approximation
Authors: Yang I-Ching
Published: August 2022

With the post-Newtonian approximation, the energy of Schwarzschild spacetime in the Weinberg prescription is obtained. The energy for the first post-Newtonian approximation [Formula: see text] gives the Newtonian treatment of Schwarzschild spacetime. However, for the second post-Newtonian approximation, the energy is shown that [Formula: see text] adds extra terms [Formula: see text] which consist of the energy stored in the configuration [Formula: see text], in the gravitational field [Formula: see text], and a term of surface integral. These extra terms give post-Newtonian corrections to the Newtonian treatment.
Implications of correlations and fluctuations in small systems
Authors: Das Debasish
Published: August 2022

The small collision systems like p+p and p+A collisions have shown new features like A+A collisions in the relativistic regime. These new aspects in small systems which have altered our research and understanding on the two-particle correlation measurements have been provided. Additionally, a critical observation of the fluctuation measurements provides new ways to infer such novel happening in the small collision systems. The ongoing and future endeavors towards the new measurements are also discussed.
Conserved relativistic Ertel’s current generating the vortical and thermodynamic aspects of space–time
Authors: Sakuma Hirofumi , Ojima Izumi , Saigo Hayato , Okamura Kazuya
Published: August 2022

Motivated by Aoki et al.’s recent research on conserved charges and entropy current, we reinvestigated the conservation of relativistic Ertel’s current, which has received little attention outside the field of geophysical fluid dynamics. Ertel’s charge is an important indicator of the correlation between vortex vectors and entropy gradient fields in Earth’s meridional heat transport. We first show that in the generalized Hamiltonian structure of baroclinic fluids, the duality between the total energy and the Casimir as a function of Ertel’s charge plays an important role in the nonrelativistic case. Then, by extending the result to relativistic cases, we show that this finding has far-reaching implications not only for space–time issues in cosmology but also for the foundation of quantum field theory. An especially important finding is that, as an unreported dual form of the Einstein field equation, we identify a special equation satisfied not only by the vortex tensor field generated by the conserved charge but also by the Weyl tensor in interpreting the physical nature of the metric tensor [Formula: see text], which appears in the cosmological term [Formula: see text].
Detecting Lung Cancer Region from CT Image Using Meta-Heuristic Optimized Segmentation Approach
Authors: Shakeel Pethuraj Mohamed , bin Mohd Aboobaider Burhanuddin , Salahuddin Lizawati Binti
Published: August 2022

Lung tumor detection using computer-aided modeling improves the accuracy of detection and clinical recommendation precision. An optimal tumor detection requires noise reduced computed tomography (CT) images for pixel classification. In this paper, the butterfly optimization algorithm-based [Formula: see text]-means clustering (BOAKMC) method is introduced for reducing CT image segmentation uncertainty. The introduced method detects the overlapping features for optimal edge classification. The best-fit features are first trained and verified for their similarity. The clustering process recurrently groups the feature matched pixels into clusters and updates the centroid based on further classifications. In this classification process, the uncertain pixels are identified and mitigated in the tumor detection analysis. The best-fit features are used to train local search instances in the BOA process, which influences the similar pixel grouping in the uncertainty detection process. The proposed BOAKMC improves accuracy and precision by 10.2% and 13.39% and reduces classification failure and time by 11.29% and 11.52%, respectively.
A Composite Medical Image Optimization Scheme Using Honey Encryption and Antlion Algorithms for Secured Diagnostic Systems
Authors: Prabhu G. Jayahari , Perumal B. , Jarin T.
Published: August 2022

Medical imaging technology is one of the most critical applications necessitating data protection, particularly if we need to keep track of any important patient information. This medical imaging system employs encryption and decryption. Using several cryptographic techniques, the security key was established to protect the data. Every network that sends and receives data needs to be secure in some way. In this paper, ALO along with the encryption algorithm honey is used to enhance the security of medical imaging technologies, the proposed study uses a variety of ways to protect important health information. In comparison to the existing one, the proposed honey algorithm attains better results. Further, the antlion optimizer uses random keys throughout the encryption and decryption. In the next step, the keys are remodeled using antlion optimization. After that, the updated key is optimized by analyzing every element and generating paths that trigger the traps and latching functions. The mean square error (MSE) is reduced to 1% and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) is increased to 98% by using a hybrid strategy.
Crossing numbers and rotation numbers of cycles in a plane immersed graph
Authors: Inoue Ayumu , Kimura Naoki , Nikkuni Ryo , Taniyama Kouki
Published: August 2022

For any generic immersion of a Petersen graph into a plane, the number of crossing points between two edges of distance one is odd. The sum of the crossing numbers of all [Formula: see text]-cycles is odd. The sum of the rotation numbers of all [Formula: see text]-cycles is even. We show analogous results for [Formula: see text]-cycles, [Formula: see text]-cycles and [Formula: see text]-cycles. For any Legendrian spatial embedding of a Petersen graph, there exists a [Formula: see text]-cycle that is not an unknot with maximal Thurston–Bennequin number, and the sum of all Thurston–Bennequin numbers of the cycles is seven times the sum of all Thurston–Bennequin numbers of the [Formula: see text]-cycles. We show analogous results for a Heawood graph. We also show some other results for some graphs. We characterize abstract graphs that have a generic immersion into a plane whose all cycles have rotation number [Formula: see text].
FRACTAL BOUNDARY LAYER AND ITS BASIC PROPERTIES
Authors: KOU SHUAI-JIA , HE CHUN-HUI , MEN XING-CHEN , HE JI-HUAN
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the fractal calculus is introduced to study a non-smooth boundary layer of a viscous fluid, and a fractal-fractional modification of the Blasius equation is suggested and solved analytically. The results show that the non-smooth boundary might lead to smaller friction, this can explain well the lotus effect, the waving sand dune and Fangzhu’s water collection. The fractal boundary layer theory has opened the path for a new way to optimal design of a high moving surface with the minimal friction.
Ergodic theorems for higher order Cesàro means
Authors: Accardi Luigi , Choi Byoung Jin , Ji Un Cig
Published: August 2022

We investigate the convergence of higher order Cesàro means in Banach spaces. The main results of this paper are: (1) The proof of mean and Birkhoff-type ergodic theorems for higher order Cesàro means. (2) The existence of a one-to-one correspondence between convergent Cesàro means of different orders. (3) The proof of strong laws of large numbers for higher order sums of independent and identically distributed random elements. (4) A characterization of the ergodicity of measure preserving maps in terms of higher order mixing properties. To deal with higher order Cesàro means, one needs a notion of weighted mean more general than the one usually considered in the literature on weighted ergodic theorems. In this context, we also prove a characterization of generalized weighted means preserving Cesàro convergence.
Galois groups of certain even octic polynomials
Authors: Chen Malcolm Hoong Wai , Chin Angelina Yan Mui , Tan Ta Sheng
Published: August 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be an irreducible polynomial where [Formula: see text] is a square. We give a method that completely describes the factorization patterns of a linear resolvent of [Formula: see text] using simple arithmetic conditions on [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. As a result, we determine the exact six possible Galois groups of [Formula: see text] and completely classify all of them. As an application, we characterize the Galois groups of irreducible polynomials [Formula: see text]. We also use similar methods to obtain analogous results for the Galois groups of irreducible polynomials [Formula: see text].
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Synergistic Properties of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized with Leaf extract of Pennisetum purpureum
Authors: Ankudze Bright , Doreen Atta , Neglo David , Agjei Richard , Asamoah Benjamin Darko
Published: August 2022

The rising demand for silver nanoparticles obtained by green method has made it necessary to search for readily available bio-materials that can serve as sustainable bio-reductant and stabilizers. Pennisetum purpureum is a readily available tropical plant commonly used as food, feed for livestock, and thermal energy production. In this study, extract from the leaves of Pennisetum purpureum was explored to prepare silver nanoparticles (Perp-AgNPs). The structural and optical properties of the particles were studied with scanning electron microscope, Ultraviolet-Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer and X-ray diffractometer. The antioxidant property of the Perp-AgNPs was studied by investigating its ability to scavenge 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) free radical. Enhanced activity of 83% was obtained by 1[Formula: see text]mg/mL of the Perp-AgNPs after 10 min of scavenging. In addition, IC[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mg/mL was observed by the Perp-AgNPs. The antimicrobial property of the Perp-AgNPs was investigated against broad range of microorganisms, namely, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus mutans, Bacillus subtilis, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans. The minimum inhibitory concentration values ranged from 0.313 to 1.25[Formula: see text]mg/mL with Psuedomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus being the most susceptible. The Perp-AgNPs also demonstrated the ability to enhance the efficacy of standard antibiotic and antifungal agents. The antimicrobial combinatory effects were synergy and partial synergy against the selected microorganisms. The results from the study show that silver nanoparticles prepared with leaves extract of Pennisetum purpureum have adequate antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for applications in nanomedicine.
Photocatalytic Decomposition of Rhodamine B Dye Using Copper Oxide Nanoparticles Prepared from Copper Chalcone Complexes
Authors: Borge Vikas V. , Patil R. M. , Dwivedi Preeti R.
Published: August 2022

Nanostructured CuO has been successfully synthesized via Thermal decomposition method at 700∘C. Prepared CuO was characterized using IR spectra, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). IR spectra confirm the metal–oxygen bonding in these nanoparticles. The XRD pattern confirms a single-phase crystalline nature of the nanoparticles. The synthesized CuO was demonstrated as an efficient catalyst in degradation of Rhodamine B in the presence of light through oxidation. More than 93% of the Rhodamine B dye was degraded after 150[Formula: see text]min. It was observed that photocatalytic degradation of dyes follows pseudo-first-order kinetics. A tentative mechanism has also been proposed for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes in the presence of copper oxide semiconductor.
A Novel Tolerance-Based Moderator Guided Heterogeneous Group Decision-Making Involving Experts and End-Users
Authors: Singh Manisha , Baranwal Gaurav , Tripathi Anil Kumar
Published: August 2022

This study focuses on two issues of group decision-making (GDM). First, the multiple rounds of feedback recommendations in the consensus reaching process (CRP) make GDM inefficient. The second is no involvement of heterogeneous decision-makers (DMs), possibly end-users as stakeholders apart from the experts. To address the first issue, a novel threshold-based feedback mechanism is introduced to improve the efficiency of the CRP that helps the experts reach consensus in at most one round of feedback. To address the second issue, end-users are invited to participate in decision-making where their majority group opinion is used. Then, a novel concept of tolerance degree of the moderator is proposed to obtain the final decision considering the consensual opinion of experts and cumulative opinion of end-users. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a case of healthcare service selection. Further, various experiments are conducted to show how the proposed work outperforms the existing works.
HWMWOA: A Hybrid WMA–WOA Algorithm with Adaptive Cauchy Mutation for Global Optimization and Data Classification
Authors: Zhang Jiali , Li Haichan , Parizi Morteza Karimzadeh
Published: August 2022

Combinatorial metaheuristic optimization algorithms have newly become a remarkable domain for handling real-world and engineering design optimization problems. In this paper, the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and the Woodpecker Mating Algorithm (WMA) are combined as HWMWOA. WOA is an effective algorithm with the advantage of global searching ability, where the control parameters are very less. But WOA is more probable to get trapped in the local optimum points and miss diversity of population, therefore suffering from premature convergence. The fundamental goal of the HWMWOA algorithm is to overcome the drawbacks of WOA. This betterment includes three basic mechanisms. First, a modified position update equation of WMA by efficient exploration ability is embedded into HWMWOA. Second, a new self-regulation Cauchy mutation operator is allocated to the proposed hybrid method. Finally, an arithmetic spiral movement with a novel search guide pattern is used in the suggested HWMWOA algorithm. The efficiency of the suggested algorithm is appraised over 48 test functions, and the optimal outcomes are compared with 15 most popular and newest metaheuristic optimization algorithms. Moreover, the HWMWOA algorithm is applied for simultaneously optimizing the parameters of SVM (Support Vector Machine) and feature weighting to handle the data classification problem on several real-world datasets from the UCI database. The outcomes prove the superiority of the suggested hybrid algorithm compared to both WOA and WMA. In addition, the results represent that the HWMWOA algorithm outperforms other efficient techniques impressively.
Behavioral dynamics of bacteriophage gene regulatory networks
Authors: Melkus Gatis , Cerans Karlis , Freivalds Karlis , Lace Lelde , Zajakina Darta , Viksna Juris
Published: August 2022

We present hybrid system-based gene regulatory network models for lambda, HK022, and Mu bacteriophages together with dynamics analysis of the modeled networks. The proposed lambda phage model LPH2 is based on an earlier work and incorporates more recent biological assumptions about the underlying gene regulatory mechanism, HK022, and Mu phage models are new. All three models provide accurate representations of experimentally observed lytic and lysogenic behavioral cycles. Importantly, the models also imply that lysis and lysogeny are the only stable behaviors that can occur in the modeled networks. In addition, the models allow to derive switching conditions that irrevocably lead to either lytic or lysogenic behavioral cycle as well as constraints that are required for their biological feasibility. For LPH2 model the feasibility constraints place two mutually independent requirements on comparative order of cro and cI protein binding site affinities. However, HK022 model, while broadly similar, does not require any of these constraints. Biologically very different lysis–lysogeny switching mechanism of Mu phage is also accurately reproduced by its model. In general the results show that hybrid system model (HSM) hybrid system framework can be successfully applied to modeling small ([Formula: see text] gene) regulatory networks and used for comprehensive analysis of model dynamics and stable behavior regions.
Emergent Process of Shared Leadership for Innovative Knowledge Creation: Text-Mining Approach to Discussion Data
Authors: Nishinaka Miwa , Shirahada Kunio
Published: August 2022

Shared leadership (SL) is important as a micro-perspective management in a team to promote innovative knowledge creation. SL consists of various processes of “emergent team property” resulting from “distributed influence among members,” and affects innovative knowledge creation. We examined the processes using text-mining analysis through an experimental workshop that simulated an actual class. As a result of controlling the distribution of influence by a conversation protocol and the interactions that occurred, SL autonomously emerged in the team as a division of leadership roles, each of which facilitated divergence and subsequent convergence of the discussions to achieve innovative team knowledge.
(Photo-)chemical roadmap to strategic antimicrobial photodynamic and photothermal therapies
Authors: Bongaerts Ger P.A. , Williams René M. , van der Wielen Mathijs W. J. , Feiters Martin C.
Published: August 2022

Antibiotics have become increasingly less effective due to development of microbial resistances. About a century ago, photodynamic therapy started out as anti-tumour therapy then later, it became clinically used to treat a wide range of medical conditions, such as non-malignant diseases, [Formula: see text]., dermatological, ophthalmic and cardiovascular diseases, malignant diseases, [Formula: see text]., various cancers, and infectious diseases caused by microbial pathogens, such as bacteria and viruses. The predominantly accepted mechanism of action to kill microbial pathogens is the generation of reactive oxygen species after irradiation of suitable photosensitizers (photo-dynamic therapy), but conversion of light to heat (photo-thermal therapy) is considered increasingly important. In both cases, photosensitizers will probably evoke less microbial resistance than conventional antibiotics, since they are only effective during irradiation. Many classes of pigments, either as rather simple, low-molecular free compounds or as parts of high-molecular photosensitizer-containing complexes, are promising for application as photosensitizer in both antimicrobial photodynamic and photothermal therapy (aPDT and aPTT, respectively). Here, we present a strategic roadmap for the introduction of anti-microbial light-dependent therapies. This also includes the possible emergence of future aPDT- and aPTT-resistances, and strategic blueprints regarding applications, chemical technology and future clinical use.
Mechanical Properties and Failure Modes of Additively Manufactured Ti6Al4V Lattice Structures Under Quasi-Static Compressive Loading
Authors: Yang Yuting , Huang Wei , Ma Yu-E , Wang Shengnan , Chen Xianmin , Meng Yifei
Published: August 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM) has many advantages over traditional manufacturing technologies as it allows the fabrication of lattice structures with complex designs and inherent features within a single part without any separation. Currently, lattice structures have wide application prospects due to their excellent mechanical performance and design freedom. This paper provides both experimental and numerical investigations for the failure behaviors of selective laser melting (SLM) Ti6Al4V lattice structures under uniaxial compressive loading. Lattice structures with different cell topologies and strut radii were chosen to conduct quasi-static compression simulations to examine their mechanical properties and failure modes. It is found that adding [Formula: see text]-direction struts in the loading direction could significantly improve the load-carrying capacity and the most superior mechanical properties were presented by FCCZ. The slopes of the double logarithmic relationship between the equivalent stiffness and the relative density of lattice structures can be distinguished as close to 1.0 and 3.0, implying bending-dominated or stretch-dominated behavior of lattice structures, respectively. For stretch-dominated lattice structures under uniaxial compression, FCCZ, BCCZ and FBCCZ, the failure modes would experience a transformation from strut buckling to fracture with the increase of strut radii, which is different from FCC and BCC demonstrated as the bending-dominated lattice structures.
The dynamics of delayed models for interactive wild and sterile mosquito populations
Authors: Wang Juan , Yue Peixia , Cai Liming
Published: August 2022

The sterile insect technique (SIT) has been applied as an alternative method to reduce or eradicate mosquito-borne diseases. To explore the impact of the sterile mosquitoes on controlling the wild mosquito populations, in this paper, we further extend the work in [J. Li, New revised simple models for interactive wild and sterile mosquito populations and their dynamics, J. Biol. Dyn. 11(S2) (2017) 316–333] and formulate delayed models for interactive wild and sterile mosquitoes, which can depict wild mosquito population undergoing distinct stages of development during a lifetime. By performing mathematical analysis, the threshold dynamics of the proposed models are explored, respectively. In particular, Hopf bifurcation phenomena are observed as the delay [Formula: see text] is varying. Numerical examples illustrate our findings.