bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METAGENOMIC ANALYSIS OF VIROMES OF AEDES (STEGOMYIA) ALBOPICTUS SKUS. MOSQUITOES ОF THE BLACK SEA COAST OF THE CAUCASUS
Authors:   N.F.Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Alkhovsky S.V. , Vishnevskaya T.V. ,   N.F.Gamaleya Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Vyshemirsky O.I. ,   Kurchatov Complex of Medical Primatology, National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Ganushkina L.A. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical Univesity, Lenshin S.V. ,   Sochi anti-plague department of the FKUZ Stavropol Anti-plague Institute Rospotrebnadzor, Stavropol, Patraman I.V. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical Univesity, Chebyshev N.V. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical Univesity
Published: November 2024

The aim of the study was to identify viruses contained in female Ae. albopictus mosquitoes using de novo metagenomic sequencing. Mosquitoes were collected using standard entomological methods in August 2019 in the Kuban in Tuapse, Adler, on the territory of the Adler Monkey Nursery and in the city of Gagra, Abkhazia. Adults were identified by morphological characteristics. A total of 1,336 mosquitoes were caught. We formed four pools at the collection site, with 300 to 400 specimens in each. The virus was considered detected if a specific nucleotide sequence of at least 1000 bases was detected in the mosquito sample. A total of 8 insect viruses were identified. Four viruses are classified and belong to the families Rhabdoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Chuviridae. The families of the other four viruses have not yet been determined, but two viruses are classified in the order Bunyavirales. No viruses pathogenic for humans were detected.
MICROSPORIDIIA OR PANETH CELLS? FEATURES OF HUMAN MICROSPORIDIOSIS DIAGNOSTICS BY INTESTINAL HISTOSECTIONS
Authors:   SAE Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Fedyanina L.V. , Maksimova M.S. ,   SAE Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Fomina N.S. ,   SAE Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Stepanova E.V. ,   SAE Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Dmitriev A.A. ,   SAE Institution of Higher Education I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Morozkin E.S. ,   Federal Budget Institution of Science «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation, Veselova O.A. ,   Federal Budget Institution of Science «Central Research Institute for Epidemiology» of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: November 2024

The Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory of Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University continues to share its experience in diagnosing rare, unusual and/or ambiguous cases of parasitosis in publications. The article describes two cases of suspected intestinal microsporidiosis. The difficulties and the probability of error of the microscopic method in the identification of intracellular protozoa on histosections are discussed.
Revisión bibliográfica del efecto de la adición de estiércol bovino en la producción agrícola
Authors: Paredes Peralta Armando Vinicio , Guzmán Brito Zoila Rosa
Published: November 2024

Introducción: el uso de estiércol bovino como abono orgánico, es una excelente alternativa para disminuir la utilización irrazonable de fertilizantes químicos, su aplicación en la producción agrícola brinda importantes beneficios tanto desde el punto de vista económico como en la producción de los diferentes cultivos. Objetivo: el propósito del presente estudio de revisión bibliográfica fue investigar el efecto de la adición de estiércol bovino en la producción agrícola. Metodología: se recopiló información de fuentes bibliográficas confiables utilizando buscadores tales como Google académico, PubMed, Scopus, entre otros. Diferentes estudios indican que la incorporación de estiércol bovino en un suelo mejora su estructura y agrega una cantidad sustancial de materia orgánica. Resultados:  el mayor contenido de materia orgánica alcanzada fue de 59.61%, y en nitrógeno fue de 2.78%, así mismo, las investigaciones indicaron que dosis elevadas de estiércol bovino influye de manera negativa en algunas propiedades como la conductividad eléctrica, donde se consiguió valores de 3.6- 4.3 dS/m, resultados que fueron mayores a los que se consiguió en un suelo sin la aplicación de estiércol bovino. Conclusiones: Las diferentes investigaciones revelaron que el estiércol bovino, cuando se utiliza como fertilizante orgánico, mejora la productividad de los cultivos, hasta el punto de superar a los fertilizantes químicos. Área de estudio: Ciencia y Tecnología. Área de estudio específica: Agropecuaria. Tipo de estudio: revisión bibliográfica.
Epidemiological Evaluation of Suicidal Deaths due to Hanging: A Retrospective Medicolegal Study in Sylhet
Authors: Sultana Farhana , Ahmad Mushtaq , Islam Md Shamsul , Hossain Mohammad Ahad , Nurunnabi Mohammad
Published: November 2024

Background: Suicidal hanging is the most common method of suicide in developing countries, especially among young people. During conventional autopsies, it is one of the significant causes of unnatural deaths in Bangladesh. This study was performed to determine the epidemiological evaluation of suicidal deaths due to suicidal hanging at the mortuary of the Forensic Medicine Department of Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet.
Materials and methods: An autopsy record-based retrospective study carried out to ascertain the epidemiological evaluation of 340 cases of suicidal hanging deaths from January 2015 to December 2018 in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, Sylhet.
Results: Hanging was more common in the age ranges of 10-19 years (33.0%) and 20-29 years (29.1%), accounting for nearly two-thirds (62.1%) of all deaths. The incidence was higher in females (59.3%) than males (46.7%). Gowainghat (12.1%) and Kotwali (9.5%) had the highest incidences of victims. The most common autopsy findings were that the subcutaneous tissues underneath the ligature mark were found to be pale, white, hard and glistening in 94.2% of cases, cyanosis was found in 89.8% of cases, dribbling of saliva was seen in 66.3% of cases and subconjunctival petechial haemorrhage was observed in 46.0% of cases. Asphyxia (93.3%) was the most common cause of suicidal hanging deaths identified during autopsy.
Conclusion: The majority of victims were female and young individuals were especially vulnerable to suicidal ideation, attempts and suicide by hanging. To reduce suicides, awareness programs, psychological counseling andsuicidal behavioral treatment are recommended.
IAHS Medical Journal Vol 7(1), June 2024; 13-16
Application of Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing to Explore the Relationship between Land Use-Land Cover Changes and Urban Heat Island Effect: A Case Study of Khulna City
Authors: Mohammad Shakiul Islam  , Kazi Saiful Islam
Published: November 2024

Urban climate has gained a significant focus due to global mean surface temperature increase since the late 19th century. The climate in and around urban areas are changed due to Land Use/Land Cover (LULC)*and its relative anthropogenic activities which create a lot of problems. Among these, the most imperative problem is increase of land surface temperature. The aim of this study was to identify the effect on originating micro Urban Heat Islands (UHIs) due to land use/land cover changes of Khulna city. Landsat 5 TM* (Thematic Mapper) images for 1989, 1999, and 2011 were used to estimate land surface temperature (LST)* from thermal band and to prepare the LULC map with the help of visible and near infra-red band. The spatial variability of surface radiant temperatures caused by the thermal behavior of different land cover (emissivity) was retrieved from satellite data by using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and used to estimate LST. Finally, the land surface temperature and the classified land cover theme were then exported to GIS environment for urban heat mapping analysis. Thus the effects of urban development on the geographical distribution of surface radiant temperatures are calculated and the UHI was investigated.
Vol. 6, December 2013, pp. 49-60
A Comparative Analysis of Plot Housing Schemes and MultiStoreyed Apartment Block Housing Schemes in Dhaka: Land Economisation and Urban Community Services in the Context of Post Private Housing Land Development Rule, 2004 Scenario of Bangladesh
Authors: Muhammad Shamsuzzaman
Published: November 2024

In Bangladesh major share of urban land for housing is supplied through spontaneous development and the rest is planned development through government agencies, housing cooperatives and private companies. These developments provide mostly Housing Plots and do not leave enough land for urban community facilities. To ensure minimum quantity of land for urban community facilities in private housing, a law has been enacted in 2004. Though, the ‘Multi-Storeyed Apartment Block Housing Schemes’, inherently capable of freeing up more land for urban community facilities is less used in Bangladesh. A comparative analysis of these two approaches has been done through a design exercise for housing 20,000 people on a hypothetical site for the post Private Housing Land Development Rule 2004 scenario of Bangladesh. It shows that the ‘Multi-Storeyed Apartment Block Housing Schemes’ saves greater amount of valuable urban land that could be utilized for urban community facilities.
Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, Vol. 7, Dec 2014, pp. 43-52
Pro-Poor Tourism: Unlocking the Opportunities for the Pooro Kuakata Sea-Beach of Bangladesh
Authors: Farzana Fawzia
Published: November 2024

Pro-Poor Tourism (PPT) is an innovative idea in tourism sector that has been introduced to strengthen economic well being of local communities. It emphasizes participation of poor people of the society, makes them engaged in employment and self-help sector and establishes a synthesis between development of tourism by upgrading the degree of livelihood status of poor people so that poverty eradication is possible and socio economic status of poor people is improved. However, a number of barriers prevent the poor from participating in such programs that need to be addressed before the benefits of PPT can be realized. Here, the ultimate objective is to achieve the net benefits that go in favor of poor people. Tourism has changed to some extent the socio-economic status of the poor of surrounding villages of Kuakata Sea Beach. However, the villagers also find it difficult to be actively engaged in tourism due to some constraints. These barriers need to be eliminated to get the benefit of tourism in respect of poverty reduction. The purposes of this study are to investigate the potentiality, constraints and actions to overcome those constraints of pro-poor tourism in Kuakata, Bangladesh.
Journal of Bangladesh Institute of Planners, Vol. 7, Dec 2014, pp. 97-109
Quality Management and Higher Education: Big-Q, Little-q, Leadership, and Culture
Authors: Luoma Keith
Published: November 2024

Quality management is a philosophy that seeks to improve excellence in products, services, processes, and people. Quality management is more than a collection of tools and techniques. At its heart, it offers a different way of thinking about the organization, one that offers a unifying culture. Quality management has been successfully applied in manufacturing, service, healthcare, and a host of other fields, but applications to higher education have been comparatively limited. In this paper we distinguish between Big-Q (characterized by an overarching quality management system) and Little-q (a projects-based approach). We apply Deming’s 14 points to higher education leadership and culture, and we report on a case study which illustrates these principles in action.
Актуальність використання сучасних навчально-тренувальних засобів для навчання громадян України, які проходять військову підготовку за програмою підготовки офіцерів запасу з вогневої підготовки
Authors: Volkov Igor , Cherevko Ruslan , Knyazev Sergey , Kliuchak Oksana
Published: November 2024

Мета роботи: Дослідження переваг та недоліків використання сучасних навчально-тренувальних засобів у процесі підготовки громадян України, які проходять військову підготовку за програмою підготовки офіцерів запасу з вогневої підготовки.
Метод дослідження: аналіз, синтез, порівняння.
Результати дослідження: проведено аналіз використання сучасних навчально-тренувальних засобів з вогневої підготовки для підготовки громадян України, які проходять військову підготовку за програмою підготовки офіцерів запасу.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: дослідження допоможе покращити систему підготовки громадян України, які проходять військову підготовку за програмою підготовки офіцерів запасу з вогневої підготовки, що, в свою чергу, вплине на підвищення підготовленості сил оборони України в цілому.
Цінність дослідження: полягає у підвищенні ефективності підготовки громадян України які проходять військову підготовку за програмою підготовки офіцерів запасу з вогневої підготовки.
Майбутні дослідження: проведення детальних досліджень, які порівнюють ефективність традиційних методів навчання з новітніми технологіями, такими як віртуальна реальність або симулятори, в контексті вогневої підготовки.
Тип статті: теоретична.
Strategic Localization for Ukraine's Defense Industry
Authors: McCarthy Michael J. , Yemchura Taras
Published: November 2024

Purpose: to evaluate the options for strategic localization for the defence industrial sector of Ukraine and to provide practical recommendations for the implementation of the policy.
Method: comparative analysis, synthesis, and case studies.
Findings: Rebuilding Ukraine’s degraded defence industry is vital for its long-term security and strategic interests, and a robust Ukrainian defence industry supports partner nation security interests as well.  While continued foreign assistance remains essential in the short term, Ukraine needs to progressively localize repair, assembly, and repair capabilities for its most critical military equipment.
Theoretical implications: The paper enhances our understanding of key concepts relating to the contributions of the local defence industry to the security of Ukraine, and how those industries can be developed to support the capabilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The Russia-Ukraine war serves as a contemporary case study to explore these theories in practice. The paper provides new insights for understanding the practical application of the policy of localization.
Value: Examining the practical implications of the policy of localization in Ukraine’s defence industry in the context of the Russia-Ukraine war involves understanding how these theories translate into real-world recommendations, both for Ukraine and for its international partners. that can contribute to the development and sustainment of Ukraine’s military capabilities.
Research limitations: The classification of much information relating to Ukraine’s defence industry and defence capabilities, along with the contributions of international partners, forms a limitation on the scope and depth of the study.
Науково-методичний апарат протидії нелегальній міграції на ділянці відповідальності прикордонного загону
Authors: Мykhailiuk Yurii , Bashnianyn Oleh
Published: November 2024

Мета роботи: розробка науково-методичного апарату вибору раціонального варіанта застосування прикордонного підрозділу для виконання завдань в умовах ймовірного сценарію розвитку загрози нелегальної міграції на ділянці відповідальності прикордонного загону.
Метод: математичні моделі та методи.
Результати дослідження: сформовано систему показників і критеріїв визначення стану протидії нелегальній міграції на ділянці відповідальності органу охорони державного кордону; обґрунтовано модель вибору раціонального варіанта застосування прикордонного підрозділу для виконання завдань в умовах ймовірного сценарію розвитку загрози нелегальної міграції на ділянці відповідальності прикордонного загону; розроблено методику прогнозування можливих сценаріїв обстановки на ділянці відповідальності прикордонного загону.
Теоретична цінність дослідження: даний науково-методичний апарат дозволяє з достатньою адекватністю запровадити основні підходи щодо протидії нелегальній міграції на ділянці відповідальності прикордонного загону.
Цінність дослідження: дозволяє приймати обґрунтовані рішення щодо вибору та подальшого формування раціонального варіанту застосування прикордонних підрозділів прикордонного загону у відповідності до конкретних сценаріїв розвитку обстановки, що дозволить гарантувати забезпечення ефективної протидії нелегальній міграції на конкретних ділянках відповідальності.
Майбутні дослідження: у ході подальших досліджень доцільно опрацювати рекомендації штабу прикордонного загону щодо ефективної протидії нелегальній міграції на ділянці відповідальності.
Promising role of voxelotor in managing sickle cell disease in children: a narrative review
Authors: Agrawal Amit , Jadon Gaurav , Singh Japna , Janjua Dalwinder
Published: November 2024

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by chronic hemolytic anemia and intermittent vasoocclusive crises. To date, 4 disease-modifying drugs have been approved for the treatment of SCD: hydroxyurea (an S-phase inhibitor), L-glutamine (an amino acid), crizanlizumab (a P-selectin inhibitor), and voxelotor (a hemoglobin S polymerization inhibitor). Preclinical studies suggested that voxelotor effectively treats SCD and sickle cell anemia (SCA). In a phase III trial, voxelotor-treated patients showed significantly elevated hemoglobin levels (>1 g/dL from baseline) compared to placebo-treated patients. The group that received voxelotor also showed a greater decrease in hemolytic markers but a comparable incidence of side effects. Six ongoing clinical trials also sought to ascertain the effectiveness and safety of high-dose voxelotor when administered to children younger than 12 years. Studies assessing their long-term efficacy and safety are needed to fully understand the role of voxelotor in treating SCD/SCA. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms, trials to date, and future treatment directions of voxelotor.
Physical and Biochemical Properties of N-Acetyl Transferase RimL of the Hyperthermophilic Bacteria Thermus thermophilus
Authors: Trunilina M. V. , Vologzhannikova A. A. , Kudryashov T. A. , Loktyushov E. V. , Bykov V. V. , Sokolov A. S. , Lapteva Yu. S.
Published: November 2024

Bacterial N-terminal acetyltransferases (NATs) are involved in the biosynthesis/degradation of antibiotics. The RimL enzyme from E. coli provides it with resistance to the antibiotic microcin C. To date, the NATs of pathogenic bacteria have been well studied, but there is no data on the NATs of thermophilic bacteria. The purpose of the work is to study the physicochemical properties and specificity of a new NAT — RimL from Thermus thermophilus. We cloned the RimL ORF (TTHA1799) and developed a method for purifying the enzyme. The stability of RimL to pH, high temperatures and denaturing agents was studied using the protein intrinsic fluorescence method. We have obtained a thermophilic enzyme that can be used in biotechnology for the acetylation of proteins and peptides under non-standard conditions.
Bridging the ‘Orient’ and the West: Arabia, the British Empire in India, and English Translations of the Qur’an in the Early Twentieth Century
Authors: DeLong-Bas Natana J.
Published: November 2024

Translation and distribution of the Qur'an as an expression of daʿwa has served as a political tool since the mid-twentieth century. This article investigates three prominent, widely used English translations of the Qur'an – those by Marmaduke Pickthall (1930), ʿAbdullah Yūsuf ʿAlī (1934–1938, revised 1939–1940), and Muhammad Asad (1980) – in the context of crosspollination between Arabia and the British Empire in the Indian subcontinent (the British Raj) from the pre-World War I era through the end of the British Raj in 1947. It explores the intersection of religion, politics, and academics through transregional travels between Britain, Arabia, and India, placing Qur'an translators and translations into historical perspective and investigating the Orientalisation of Europeans during their sojourns in Arabia and India through conversion to Islam and engagement with the ‘authentic’ land and language of the Qur'an, even as Muslims from the Empire in India became Orientalised through sojourns and studies in Britain. This interplay between regions and peoples establishes the context in which the meaning of the Qur'an was translated not simply into English but also into expressions of meaning for British society as a form of daʿwa. The article argues that this model of tripartite connection between Britain, Arabia, and India laid the foundations for later developments in Qur'an translation and distribution, including the Hilālī-Khān translation.
ʿAbd al-Mājid Daryābādī’s Tafsir-ul-Quran and the daʿwalogy of Abū’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī Nadwī
Authors: Kuiper Matthew J.
Published: November 2024

Beginning especially in the early twentieth century, Qur'an translation emerged as a major facet of modern Islamic daʿwa (‘“inviting” to Islam’, or ‘Islamic mission’). With the increasing availability of new translations and commentaries as the century progressed, Muslim leaders often found themselves asked for, or simply offering, recommendations about which Qur'an translations were most suitable for different purposes. This article examines the case of one such recommendation: Sayyid Abū’l-Ḥasan ʿAlī Nadwī's endorsement of ʿAbd al-Mājid Daryābādī's early twentieth-century English translation-commentary, Tafsir-ul-Quran. In so doing, it sheds lights on Qur'an translation in relation to modern daʿwa and, more precisely, on how a thinker's ‘ daʿwalogy’ (Islamic missionary theology) might influence his or her translation and commentary preferences. Through a historical contextualisation of Daryābādī and Nadwī, along with close readings of the former's English Qur'an translation-commentary and the latter's endorsement, the article argues that Nadwī's endorsement of Daryābādī not only provides a useful window into Nadwī's – and by extension, Daryābādī's –  daʿwalogy, but also that Nadwī's daʿwalogy helps to explain why he endorsed Daryābādī's translation-commentary in the first place. In studying this case, the article illustrates significant linkages between daʿwa, Qur'an translation, networks of Muslim thinkers, and rising inter-religious competition in the late-colonial period and beyond.
Qur’an Translations in African American (Post-)Muslim Movements
Authors: Bruckmayr Philipp
Published: November 2024

Due to their situatedness in a particular Western English-speaking environment, African American Muslims primarily received, engaged with, and employed the Qur'an through the vehicle of English translations. Contrary to what is often assumed, the Qur'an has played a key role in the formulation of the doctrines of the various African American Muslim movements, including among early representatives, such as the Nation of Islam. What is more, different interpretations and translations of the Qur'an have informed doctrinal differences, institutional formations, and internal disputes among African American Muslims. This article provides an overview of the usage and, arguably, the politics of English Qur'an translations in different African American Muslim movements from the early twentieth century until the present. In addition, it introduces and analyses the works of the first Qur'an translators from amongst the ranks of African American Muslim movements.
Osteopenia and osteoporosis in patients after bariatric surgery: mechanisms of development, course and prognosis
Authors: Turkevich A. V. , Khramykh T. P. , Livzan M. A. , Bikbavova G. R.
Published: November 2024

In recent decades, the medical community around the world has been searching for ways to combat morbid obesity, and despite the variety of methods and techniques, great progress has been noted in recent years in the field of bariatric surgery. Despite its effectiveness, bariatric surgery still has a large number of questions related to the effectiveness of certain methods, their long-term results and the choice of surgery. The purpose of this literature review: to consider the mechanisms of formation, development and course of osteopenia and osteoporosis after bariatric surgery, as well as the frequency of their occurrence depending on the type of bariatric procedure (sleeve gastrectomy, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, gastric banding, biliopancreatic diversion). To achieve this goal, a literature search on this issue was conducted on the PubMed, eLIBRARY.RU, Google scholar platforms. The material was summarized and analyzed in order to find previously unexplored links in the pathogenesis of osteopenia and osteoporosis and, in general, the mechanisms of mineral metabolism disorders in the postoperative period in patients who underwent bariatric surgeries of varying volumes.
Do Personal Issue Priorities Trump Group Policies? Exploring the Impact of Deeply-Held Issues among Latinos using Personalized Conjoint Experiments
Authors: Velez Yamil
Published: November 2024

The literature on Latino politics has emphasized the importance of immigration as a galvanizing issue for the community. Numerous studies have found that, in the aggregate, Latinos are attentive to immigration policy and oppose candidates who take restrictionist positions. However, it is unclear how Latinos make decisions when deeply-held issue positions apart from immigration conflict with group-relevant policies. In this paper, I design a dynamic tailored conjoint experiment that leverages large language models (LLMs) to assess whether immigration or core issues elicited in an open-ended question are stronger determinants of candidate choice. I consistently find that the effects of core issue positions on candidate choice are larger than the effects of immigration stances across three online samples of Latinos conducted on CloudResearch and YouGov (n=2,421). Factors such as group identity and proximity to the immigration experience narrow -- but rarely close -- the gap between the two issues.
Supporting the development of Indian primary school children’s reading comprehension skills: A multilingually scaffolded intervention
Authors: Vogelzang Margreet , Tsimpli Ianthi , Patil Vrishali , Mukhopadhyay Lina
Published: November 2024

In this study, we present a pedagogical intervention to strengthen English reading comprehension in Indian multilingual primary-school children from low socioeconomic backgrounds. Specifically, we aimed to improve reading comprehension by providing structured, mixed-language intervention in government and low-cost private schools in Hyderabad (Telangana) in order to promote language comprehension strategies in multilingual classrooms. Targeting the structured use of home languages to build vocabulary, we encouraged verbal reasoning through scaffolded questions and peer-group discussions. The children’s teachers received training from the research team to administer the intervention. A total of 317 children from 13 different primary schools participated in the study (n = 248 in the intervention group from government schools and n = 69 in the control group from private schools). The children all attended year 5; they had a mean age of 10.38 (SD = 1.01; range = [8, 15]). The control group (i.e. children from private schools) outperformed the intervention group (i.e. children from government schools) pre-intervention (50.7% correct vs. 40.6% correct). At the mid-intervention stage, the difference between the two groups became smaller but was nevertheless significant in favour of the control group (64.8% correct vs. 56.1% correct). At the post-intervention stage, however, the difference in performance between the two groups has disappeared (70.7% correct vs. 67.5% correct). The positive learning outcomes resulting from this novel, learner-centred, multilingual pedagogy could bring educational and economic benefits to India and other multilingual countries in the Global South.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF EFFICIENCY APPLICATION OF REINFORCING SYNTHETIC MATERIALS ADFORS GLASGRID FOR INCREASE RUTTING RESISTANCE AND CRACK RESISTANCE OF ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENTS OF HIGHWAYS
Authors: Onyshchenko Artur , Husev Dmytro , Tsekhansky Oleg
Published: November 2024

The effectiveness of using Adfors GlasGrid® reinforcing synthetic materials to increase the rutting resistance and crack resistance of asphalt concrete pavements of highways was experimentally studied. It has been experimentally confirmed that reinforcing the top layer of an asphalt concrete pavement with Adfors GlasGrid® reinforcing synthetic materials ensures reliable adhesion of asphalt concrete layers and can significantly increase the rutting resistance, fatigue life of the asphalt concrete pavement and its tensile strength in bending. Reinforcement of asphalt concrete pavement with Adfors GlasGrid® reinforcing synthetic materials allows increasing rutting resistance, that is, reducing the rut depth and total rutting area by 19–35%. At the same time, studies have shown that Adfors GlasGrid® reinforcing synthetic materials have confirmed their effectiveness when used under the top layer of cover. A study of the effect of reinforcement of asphalt concrete pavement on the adhesion of the upper and lower layers of asphalt concrete showed that all studied synthetic reinforcing materials Adfors GlasGrid® meet European requirements for the adhesion of reinforced asphalt concrete layers. A study of the influence of reinforcement of an asphalt concrete pavement on its fatigue resistance showed that the reinforcement of an asphalt concrete pavement with Adfors GlasGrid® reinforcing synthetic materials makes it possible to increase the number of load cycles up to a loss of fifty percent of the complex deformation modulus by 2.6 – 5.9 times compared to a non-reinforced pavement. Experiments have confirmed that reinforcing an asphalt concrete pavement with Adfors GlasGrid® reinforcing synthetic materials increases its tensile strength in bending. This confirms the possibility and feasibility of using Adfors GlasGrid® reinforcing synthetic materials under the top layer of asphalt concrete pavement, including on bridges and overpasses, to increase the crack resistance, rutting resistance and durability of asphalt concrete pavements. Keywords: rutting resistance, crack resistance of asphalt concrete pavements, asphalt concrete pavements of highways, durability, reinforcing synthetic materials, reinforced asphalt concrete layers.
Russian multicenter observational HDQ study on the validation of the questionnaire for hemorrhoidal disease
Authors: Shelygin Yu. A. , Stoyko Yu. M. , Kostarev Ivan V. , Zagriadskiǐ E. A. , Bogomazov A. M. , Golovko E. B. , Khomitskaya Yu. V. , Kvasnikov B. B. , Linnik O. Zh.
Published: November 2024

AIM: to develop and validate hemorrhoidal disease (HD) specific national questionnaire.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: the Russian questionnaire, which included questions on the most typical HD symptoms, was developed by leading national specialists-proctologists. The regression analysis was used to evaluate linear and nonlinear relationships between the fact of the HD presence, objectively confirmed by a doctor, and the patients’ answers to the questions from the questionnaire. The final version of the questionnaire included only questions regarding clinical characteristics typical for hemorrhoids that were significantly associated with the presence of the disease. Validation of the questionnaire was performed on both training and test samples of patients to determine its sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) in identifying patients with HD.

RESULTS: initially, 7 main domains reflecting the presence and severity of symptoms typical for HD were included in the questionnaire. A training sample of patients was used to search for linear and nonlinear relationships between objectively confirmed hemorrhoids and responses to questions in the initial questionnaire. The final version of the questionnaire, consisting only of questions regarding symptoms that have demonstrated to be significant predictors of hemorrhoids, was validated on a training sample (Se = 86.5%, Sp = 73.4%, and the probability of identifying a patient with HD, according to Bayes’ theorem = 66.6%). After the developed version of the questionnaire was validated on a test sample, the final screening questionnaire for HD demonstrated Se 83.7%, Sp 74.1%, and the probability of identifying patients with HD with a positive questionnaire result, calculated according to Bayes’ theorem, was 67%.

CONCLUSION: the first national questionnaire for screening HD has diagnostic characteristics indicating its high accuracy in identifying patients with HD and allowing it to be recommended for use in the general population.
Rectal foreign bodies. Diagnostic program and emergency care
Authors: Egorkin M. A. , Bolkvadze E. E. , Obukhov V. K. , Gorbunov I. N. , Evloeev M. Ya.
Published: November 2024

AIM: to estimate clinical approaches to rectal foreign bodies (RFBs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS: the retrospective cohort study included 47 patients (2022-2024) with suspected RFBs. Two clinical cases are presented. Case No. 1. Patient N., a 41-year-old male, was presented with RFB (a glass tumbler), introduced into the rectum without his consent. Because of RFB migration to the upper parts of the colon and risk of the intestinal perforation a laparotomy with removal of the intact foreign body was done. Case No. 2. Patient A, a 26-year-old male, was presented with RFB (a 80.0 × 7.0 cm dildo) that was transanally removed in the emergency room without anesthesia. No post-op complications developed. No any literature data of successful transanal removal of a larger RFB was found [1–5].

RESULTS: out of 47 patients, the manual transanal removal of RFBs was successful in 46 (97.9%) cases. One (2.1%) patient required laparotomy due to the high risk of rectal injury and retrograde migration of RFB to the proximal colon. A variety of RFBs (size, shape, and material), an individual, structured approach to the diagnosis and treatment is required.

CONCLUSION: clinical approach to RFBs depends on risk of intestinal perforation.
Outpatient endoscopic polypectomy
Authors: Skridlevskiy S. N. , Likutov A. A. , Nazarov L. V. , Bogdanova E. A. , Bogormistrov I. S.
Published: November 2024

AIM: to estimate the efficacy and safety of outpatient polypectomy of epithelial benign tumors of the colon.PATIENTS AND METHODS: the prospective cohort study included 809 patients with colon polyps removed by cold loop polypectomy (CSP), hot loop polypectomy (HSP) and hot loop polypectomy with injection (HSP + injection). Intraand postoperative complications were assessed.RESULTS: a total of 2115 colon polyps 2–20 mm (0.5 [0.4; 0,7] mm) were removed. No intraoperative complications occurred. Prophylactic clipping was performed in 6,5% of cases with a significant higher rate for larger neoplasms: 10–20 mm — 77/324 (23.8%), 6–9 mm — 43/618 (7%), 2–5 mm — 17/1173 (1.4%), p < 0.001 in the omnibus test and all pairwise comparisons. The frequency of delayed complications (within 3 days) was 0.49% (4/809 patients) IIIa according to the Clavien-Dindo classification and 0.19% (4/2115 removed neoplasms).CONCLUSION: removal of benign epithelial neoplasms of the colon ≤ 20 mm without admission in a 24-hour hospital is associated with a low rate (0.19%) of delayed bleeding (within 3 days), so it is necessary to remove polyps less than 10 mm during screening colonoscopy.
Prediction of anorectal dysfunction in the combined treatment of rectal cancer
Authors: Bondarenko O. K. , Gevorkyan Yu. A. , Soldatkina N. V. , Gusareva M. A. , Kosheleva N. G. , Petrov D. S. , Savchenko D. A. , Rozenko L. Y. , Kit O. I.
Published: November 2024

AIM: to assess the risk of severe low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) in patients with rectal cancer after combined treatment.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: from July 2022 to November 2023, 50 patients with rectal cancer underwent radiation with a total focal dose of 50–54 Gy with radiomodification with capecitabine and low anterior rectal resection with preventive ileostomy. The ileostomy was closed after 4 months. Prior to and after radiation, the anorectal function was assessed using high-resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) and the LARS scale.

RESULTS: the most significant predicting factors for severe LARS were maximal contraction pressure and first sensation volume. Three months after ileostomy closure, the patients were divided into groups depending on the HRAM parameters. Group 1: nine patients with severe LARS (34 points on the LARS scale), with a decrease in maximal contraction pressure by ≥ 30% and an increased first sensation volume by ≥ 60%, according to HRAM. Group 2: four patients out of 36 had severe LARS (31 points on the LARS scale), with a decrease in maximal contraction pressure by 5–29% and an increased first sensation volume by 10–59%, according to HRAM. Group 3: in 5 patients with a decreased maximal contraction pressure by ≤ 4% and an increased volume of the first sensation by ≤ 9%, LARS did not develop.

CONCLUSION: a decrease in the maximal contraction pressure by 30% or more and an increase in the volume of the first sensation by 60% or more after radiation therapy can increase the risk of severe LARS. This group of patients requires prevention and correction of anorectal dysfunction.
Loose seton in the treatment of transsphincteric anal fistulas complicated by additional fistula tracks (randomized trial)
Authors: Khitaryan A. G. , Alibekov A. Z. , Golovina A. A. , Adizov S. A. , Oplimakh X. S.
Published: November 2024

AIM: to evaluate caudal migration of free seton in patients with anal fistulas complicated by additional fistula tracks.PATIENTS AND METHODS: the prospective randomized single-center study included 115 patients with transshincteric fistulas, who had one of 2 types of seton installed. The decision to choose a seton was made by randomization in 2 groups: 63 patients with a polyester braided ribbon with a fluoropolymer coating 3 mm wide (Polyester-F Braid 3 mm, “Balumed” LLC, Russian Federation) seton “T”, and the 2nd group included 52 patients with a seton polyester braided ribbon with a fluoropolymer coating with a diameter of 0.5 mm of USP conditional number 2 with a diameter of 0.5 mm was installed (Polyester-F Thread USP 2 with a diameter of 0.5 mm, “Balumed” LLC, Russian Federation) — seton “N”.RESULTS: after 12 weeks the largest number of complete caudal migration occurred in 30/63 (47.6%; 95% CI: 34.9–60.6) patients with seton “T”, whereas in patients with seton “N” it occurred significantly less often in 7/52 (13.5%; 95% CI: 5.6–25.8) patients (p = 0.0002). Caudal seton migration with sphincter involvement of more than 1/2 was noted only in 1 patient with seton “T”, and was completely absent in patients with seton “N”.CONCLUSION: in patients with a fistulas involving less than 1/2 of the external sphincter, it is reasonable to use a 3 mm wide fluoropolymer-coated polyester braided band as a seton, expecting caudal migration in almost half of the cases. Whereas the installation of a 0.5-mm diameter fluoropolymer-coated polyester braided thread, when more than 1/2 of the external sphincter is involved, does not lead to caudal migration.
Cumulus cell DNA damage linked to fertilization success in females with an ovulatory dysfunction phenotype
Authors: Rodrigues Bárbara , Sousa Vanessa , Esteves Filipa , Vale-Fernandes Emídio , Costa Solange , Sousa Daniela , Brandão Raquel , Leal Carla , Pires Joana , Gaivão Isabel , Teixeira João Paulo , Nogueira António J. A. , Jorge Paula
Published: November 2024

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) is a widely used technique in fertility centers. ICSI success depends on both nuclear and cytoplasmic oocyte maturation. Cumulus cells, which surround the oocytes, play a pivotal role in oocyte competence. However, the significance of DNA damage in cumulus cells as a marker of fertilization success remains largely unexplored. This study aims to investigate the relationship between DNA damage in cumulus cells of females undergoing ICSI, and oocyte competence, with a focus on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes. We employed the alkaline comet assay to assess DNA damage levels (%TDNA) in cumulus cells and whole blood from 22 potentially fertile females and 35 infertile females, including 20 with an ovulatory disfunction phenotype. Our results revealed significant differences between the levels of %TDNA in cumulus cells and blood. Females with an ovulatory dysfunction phenotype exhibited higher levels of %TDNA in cumulus cells compared to potentially fertile females. Additionally, within the group of females with ovulatory dysfunction, a significant correlation was observed between %TDNA levels and the number of oocytes with two pronuclei. Our findings suggest that blood does not accurately reflect DNA damage in cumulus cells, which was correlated with the fertilization success in females with ovulatory dysfunction. High levels of %TDNA in cumulus cells were associated with a higher likelihood of successful fertilization. Moreover, our results imply that low levels of %TDNA may be linked to oocytes that fail to complete maturation and, consequently, do not fertilize (oocytes with zero pronuclei). Further research with larger cohorts is necessary to validate these findings and to explore potential applications in female fertility. However, our study provides evidence that DNA damage in cumulus cells may serve as a valuable biomarker for predicting fertilization success and oocyte competence.
Case Report: Allelic and biallelic variants in coagulation factor XI cause factor XI deficiency
Authors: Liang Chen , Jin Jie-Yuan , Shi Hai-Hong , Li Hao-Xian , Chen Lin-Lin , Zhang Yang-Hui , Wang Qin , Li Qiu-Li , Li Rui-Man
Published: November 2024

Factor XI deficiency is a rare inherited coagulation disorder with an estimated prevalence of affecting 1 in 1 million. It is characterized by mild and variable bleeding phenotypes, including bruises, nosebleeds, hematuria, and postpartum hemorrhage. It can be caused by either allelic or biallelic variants in coagulation factor XI (F11). Coagulation factor XI is a glycoprotein that circulates in plasma as a non-covalent complex with high-molecular-weight kininogen. It is converted to an active protease, coagulation factor XIa, which participates in blood coagulation as a catalyst. In this study, we recruited a family with Factor XI deficiency and identified two F11 variants using whole-exome sequencing. One (NM_000128.4: c.841C>T, p.Q281X) was a known variant, and the other (NM_000128.4: c.1832T>G, p.V611G) had not been reported. In addition, we compiled the characteristics of known missense variants in coagulation factor XI. Our findings enriched the variant spectrum of Factor XI deficiency and contributed to the genetic counseling and molecular diagnostics of Factor XI deficiency.
Risk for nitrogen leaching after application of solid manure in autumn differs between manure types
Authors: Delin Sofia , Mårtensson Kristina , Johnsson Holger
Published: November 2024

Manure application performed in autumn requires regulation due to the risk of nitrogen (N) leaching during winter. On the other hand, application of manure in spring can pose some practical problems depending on the risk for N immobilization and the difficulty in ploughing heavy clay soils during this time of year. The risk for leaching is likely to differ between different soil texture and manure characteristics. In this study, we sought to estimate the risk for nitrogen leaching depending on the carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N) of the manure, time for manure application, and soil type. We combined 3-year lysimeter experiments with 2-year field plot experiments and laboratory soil incubations and compared results with those from an empirical model. We compared effects of manure application on two soils (silty clay and loamy sand) and solid manures with different representing C/N ratios. In incubations, only manure with a C/N-ratio below 14 contributed with significant amounts of leachable N during the first months after application. In the lysimeter study, N leaching was unaffected by the timing of the application of the manure with C/N-ratio 18. However, regarding manure with C/N-ratio 10, N leaching was elevated with 10–15 kg N per ha after manure application in October compared to November and March on both soil types. The mineral N analyses from soil profiles in the field experiments showed a similar pattern, however, the increase was higher on the loamy sand compared to the silty clay. The ammonia emissions did not differ between manure types, but were on average 24% of applied NH4-N after application in October when air temperature was on average 12°C compared to only 3% of applied NH4-N in November and March when air temperature was on average 5°C. Similar to lysimeter results, the modelled N leaching was higher the earlier the manure application occurred in autumn. However, the model also predicted increased leaching for the manure with a high C/N-ratio, and a smaller effect on leaching on clay soil. Considering this, the model calculations overestimated the leaching effects from manure with a high C/N-ratio and underestimated the leaching effects on clay soil.
The variant c.274A>G (p.Asn92Asp) in KRT17 in a patient with pachyonychia congenita and a novel clinical feature of acne inversa
Authors: Wang Huaiyu , Zhu Changhua , Dong Linxin , Wu Baofeng , Liu Jingjing , Lin Lihang , Lin Daoyao , Chen Xiangqi , Xiao Xuemin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

The occurrence of pachyonychia congenita (PC) and acne inversa (AI) may be related to gene mutations. The aim of this study is to identify the genetic cause in a patient with PC and AI, and to explore the possible molecular mechanism of their co-occurrence.

Methods

The clinical data of the proband were collected, and the genomic DNA of the proband and unaffected parents were extracted. The variant sites of the proband were identified by whole-exome sequencing, and then the variant sites of the proband and his parents were verified by Sanger sequencing.

Results

A heterozygous variant in KRT17 gene was found in the patient, resulting in a missense amino acid variant (p.N92D). The variant was not found in his parents or 100 unrelated healthy controls. In addition, this variant was not found in the gnomad v4 database. The three-dimensional structure analysis of the protein suggested that the polarity of amino acids changed after the variant. After lentiviral plasmid transfection into HaCaT cells, the expression level of NOTCH signaling decreased in the constructed c.274A>G (p.Asn92Asp) of KRT-17 mutant cells compared to that in the wild-type. Subsequent verification confirmed that differences in the expression levels of p-PI3K, AKT and p-AKT between the groups were not statistically significant.

Discussion

Although this variant has been reported previously, our findings could expand the spectrum of co-occurrence of PC and AI with KRT17 gene variants, and elucidated the possible pathogenesis at the protein level, thereby laying a foundation for the genetic diagnosis and genetic counseling provided to individuals with PC.