bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Childhood Neglect History, Depressive Symptoms, and Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration by College Students
Authors: Brennan Carolyn L. , Borgman Robyn A. , Watts Samantha S. , Wilson Rebecca A. , Swartout Kevin M.
Published: January 2020

College students experience intimate partner violence (IPV) at an alarming rate, and preventing such violence depends on identifying factors that contribute to perpetration. Although there is extensive research that has established a link between childhood neglect and later physical IPV perpetration, less is known about the specific mechanisms through which childhood neglect leads to IPV perpetration. In the present study, we examined potential mediators of the relationship between childhood neglect and IPV perpetration by college students, with special emphasis on the role of depressive symptoms and IPV victimization. A total of 302 college students reported on their experiences of childhood maltreatment, depressive symptoms, and IPV victimization and perpetration. Results indicate that increasing levels of childhood emotional and physical neglect correspond with increasing rates of IPV perpetration, after accounting for the effect of childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse. This effect between childhood neglect and IPV perpetration was fully mediated by the combination of IPV victimization and depressive symptoms for the overall sample. However, when examining the model for men and women separately, only the indirect effect through victimization remained statistically significant for men. Our findings suggest that research on the link between childhood neglect and IPV perpetration should also consider the impact of IPV victimization, as neglect may lead to IPV perpetration within the context of a mutually aggressive relationship. Furthermore, these findings indicate that childhood neglect leads to long-term emotional consequences that contribute to later IPV perpetration, and treating depressive symptoms may help prevent IPV perpetration against college students who experienced childhood neglect.
Traumatic Childhood Experiences and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Veterans in Substance Use Disorder Treatment
Authors: Young Lance Brendan , Timko Christine , Pulido R. Dario , Tyler Kimberly A. , Beaumont Cynthia , Grant Kathleen M.
Published: January 2020

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) dramatically increases the risk of both substance use disorder (SUD) and suicide in veterans. Military-related trauma, however, may not be the only or most significant trauma experienced by veterans. Trauma exposure is high among those joining the military. This study sought to identify the prevalence of five types of childhood trauma (emotional, physical, and sexual abuse and emotional and physical neglect) and three adult trauma symptom clusters (intrusive thoughts, avoidance, and hyperarousal) among veterans seeking SUD treatment and to clarify the associations between types of trauma and specific symptom clusters. Veterans at three Veterans Affairs (VA) SUD treatment facilities in the Midwest completed surveys at treatment entry ( n1 = 195) and at 6-month follow-up ( n2 = 138). Measures included the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and the PTSD Checklist, either a military or a civilian version, depending on whether the most traumatic event occurred in or out of the military. The prevalence of childhood trauma was high, ranging from 40.5% experiencing physical abuse down to 22.8% experiencing sexual abuse. At baseline, 60.2% of the military trauma group met criteria for PTSD, compared with 33.9% of the civilian trauma group, a significant difference, χ2(1, N = 195) = 14.46, p < .01. Childhood emotional and physical abuse were moderately associated with intrusion and hyperarousal in the military trauma group, but in the civilian trauma group a broader spectrum of childhood traumas were associated with a broader array of symptom clusters, including avoidance. At follow-up, symptoms improved and were less associated with childhood trauma. These findings illuminate the persistence of effects of childhood trauma and recommend more targeted PTSD treatments.
Psychopathy and Aggression: The Role of Emotion Dysregulation
Authors: Garofalo Carlo , Neumann Craig S. , Velotti Patrizia
Published: January 2020

The importance of psychopathy in the forensic and criminal justice domains is largely due to its robust associations with aggression and violent behavior. Hence, investigators have increasingly been interested in elucidating potential mechanisms linking psychopathy and aggression. Recent research highlighted previously overlooked associations between psychopathy and difficulties in emotion regulation, the process responsible for monitoring, evaluating, and managing one’s emotional experience, as well as for guiding behavior under intense emotional arousal. Yet, it remains unclear whether emotion dysregulation may be helpful to explain well-documented associations between psychopathy and aggression. The present study examined whether emotion dysregulation mediated associations (i.e., explained a significant portion of the shared variance) between psychopathy and aggression across community ( N = 521) and offender ( N = 268) samples. Participants completed self-report measures of psychopathy, emotion dysregulation, trait aggressiveness (i.e., anger, hostility, physical and verbal aggression), as well as reactive and proactive aggression. Across both samples, psychopathy had significant indirect effect on all indices of aggression through emotion dysregulation, with the exception of verbal aggression. These findings support the relevance of emotion regulation for the construct of psychopathy and its maladaptive correlates and highlight the potential relevance of focusing on emotion regulation as a possible target for interventions aimed at reducing aggression among individuals with psychopathic traits.
Teachers’ Unions: Engaging Teachers and Improving Student Achievement in States That Prohibit Collective Bargaining
Authors: Han Eunice S. , Keefe Jeffrey
Published: January 2020

This research investigates whether teachers’ unions influence student academic achievement in Southern states that prohibit collective bargaining. Our data are from the School and Staffing Survey and the Stanford Education Data Archive. We measure the strength of teachers’ unions by union membership rate and meet-and-confer status of a district and employ a multilevel mixed-effects model to control for unobservable common characteristics of districts within each state. We find that teachers’ unions have a significantly positive association with student test scores, in both math and English, particularly for Hispanic and Black students. This positive link of unions with math is concentrated on the low- and mid-socioeconomic status (SES) districts but is detected across all SES for English.
New poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing 2,6-diphenylpyridyl units and diphenylphosphinophenyl pendant groups
Authors: Zhang Zi-Yang , Sheng Shou-Ri , Zhang Xiao-Lan , Pan Yang , Liu Xiao-Ling
Published: January 2020

4-(4-Diphenylphosphino)phenyl-2,6-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pyridine, as a new bisphenol monomer, was prepared from 4-(diphenylphosphino)benzaldehyde and 4-hydroxyacetophenone and used in the preparation of several aromatic poly(ether ketone)s (PEKs) containing 2,6-diphenylpyridyl units and diphenylphosphinophenyl pendant groups via a nucleophilic aromatic substitution polycondensation with difluorinated aromatic ketones. The polycondensation proceeded quantitatively in tetramethylene sulfone in the presence of anhydrous potassium carbonate and afforded the polymers with high molecular weights. The resulting PEKs are amorphous and exhibit high glass transition temperatures of 209–255°C and 5% weight loss temperatures of 536–554°C with char yields of 57–62% at 800°C in nitrogen. Their high char yields and good limited oxygen index values ranging from 39 to 43 indicated these polymers exhibited good thermal stability and flame-retardant property. All new PEKs were soluble in common organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and chloroform and could form tough, flexible, and strong films with tensile strengths of 74.6–86.8 MPa, tensile moduli of 2.9–3.6 GPa, and elongations at break of 5–9%.
Patient-Centered Satisfaction After Secondary Correction of the Cleft Lip and Nasal Defect
Authors: Rothermel Alexis , Loloi Justin , Long Ross E. , Samson Thomas
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To evaluate patient-reported aesthetic and psychosocial outcomes of secondary cleft lip and nose revision procedures.

Design:

Single-center cohort study.

Setting:

Tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Patients/Participants:

Patients who underwent secondary revision procedures for cleft lip and nasal defect (N = 42).

Interventions:

Patients were administered a survey during a routine postoperative clinic visit.

Main Outcome Measure(s):

Outcome measures were planned prior to data collection and included improvement in appearance seen in lip and nose, satisfaction with revision procedure, changes in self-confidence, likelihood to participate in social activities, and effect on teasing by peers.

Results:

Patients agreed that an improvement was seen in the appearance of their lip (1.93) and nose (1.98) following surgery. Overall, patients felt satisfied with the results of their revision procedure (1.76). An improvement in confidence and decrease in feelings of self-consciousness was reported. Patients were teased less by their peers and more likely to participate in social activities.

Conclusions:

Secondary revision procedures of the cleft lip and nasal defect provide a patient-reported improvement in appearance and a positive psychosocial impact on patient’s lives.
Reading Instruction for Secondary Grade Students With Emotional and Behavioral Disorders: A Focus on Comprehension
Authors: McKenna John William , Garwood Justin D. , Werunga Robai
Published: January 2020

Students with emotional and behavioral disorders (EBD) in secondary school settings often have deficient reading skills. Secondary school teachers who serve this population of students may need additional training, support, and resources to maximize the effectiveness of the time they spend teaching reading. This article focuses on two instructional practices for improving the reading comprehension of secondary grade students with EBD: explicit vocabulary instruction and main idea identification. Also included are suggestions for how to incorporate behavioral strategies and assessment of comprehension into effective reading instruction.
Experimental verification of model-free active vibration control approach using virtually controlled object
Authors: Yonezawa Heisei , Kajiwara Itsuro , Yonezawa Ansei
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a simple and practical controller design method without modeling controlled objects. In this technique, modeling of the controlled object is not necessary and a controller is designed with an actuator model, which includes a single-degree-of-freedom virtual structure inserted between the actuator and the controlled object. The parameters of the virtual structure are determined so that indirect active vibration suppression is effectively achieved by considering the frequency transfer function from the vibration response of the controlled object to that of the virtual structure. Since the actuator model, which includes a virtually controlled object, is a simple low-order system, a controller with high control performance can be designed by traditional model-based optimal control theory. In this research, a mixed [Formula: see text] controller is designed considering both control performance and robust stability. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated experimentally. The robustness of the controller is demonstrated by applying the same controller to various structures.
Vygotsky’s “Height Psychology”: Reenvisioning General Psychology in Dialogue With the Humanities and the Arts
Authors: Vassilieva Julia , Zavershneva Ekaterina
Published: January 2020

The legacy of Russian psychologist Lev Semenovich Vygotsky is most closely associated with the cultural-historical paradigm and, in the West, has found its most extensive application in contemporary developmental and educational psychology. However, Vygotsky’s project was far more ambitious than this perspective implies—in fact, he conceived a new, original program of general psychology that could address human beings in their full measure, foregrounding the human potential for freedom and agency. The distinctive characteristic of Vygotsky’s approach was his profound interdisciplinarity and, specifically, his evolving dialogue with art practices and aesthetics, the scope of which has only become clear with the recent publication of previously unpublished archival material and his writings as an art and literary critic. This article has two aims: to outline a more inclusive and nuanced understanding of Vygotsky’s views on general psychology, on the basis of recent archival discoveries and publications, and attending to these materials closely, to explicate the role that Vygotsky allocated to art in his radical project of creating the “height psychology.”
Hospitality as an Organizational Culture
Authors: Pizam Abraham
Published: January 2020

This article proposes a new definition of the concept of hospitality organizational culture. It identifies its components/dimensions and suggests a conceptual framework for determining the effect of practicing a hospitality organizational culture in nonhospitality industries such as health care and retail.
Metabolic Pathways Associated With Term Labor Induction Course in African American Women
Authors: Carlson Nicole S. , Frediani Jennifer K. , Corwin Elizabeth J. , Dunlop Anne , Jones Dean
Published: January 2020

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in the metabolic pathways activated in late-pregnancy serum samples among African American women who went on to have term (≥37 weeks) labor induction requiring high total oxytocin doses to complete first-stage labor compared to those in similar women with low-oxytocin labor inductions.

Study Design:

Case–control study ( N = 27 women with labor induction with successful cervical ripening: 13 requiring the highest total doses of synthetic oxytocin to progress from 4- to 10-cm cervical dilation and 14 requiring the lowest total doses) with groups balanced on parity and gestational age. Serum samples obtained between 24 and 30 weeks’ gestation were analyzed using ultra-high-resolution metabolomics. Differentially expressed metabolites between high-oxytocin induction cases and low-oxytocin induction comparison subjects were evaluated using linear regression with xmsPANDA. Metabolic pathways analysis was conducted using Mummichog Version 2.0, with discriminating metabolites annotated using xMSannotator Version 1.3.

Results:

Labor processes were similar by group with the exception that cases received over 6 times more oxytocin between 4- and 10-cm cervical dilation than comparison women. Induction requiring high total doses of synthetic oxytocin was associated with late-pregnancy serum levels of metabolites from the linoleate and fatty acid activation pathways in term, African American women.

Conclusion:

Serum levels of several lipid metabolites predicted more complicated labor induction involving higher doses of synthetic oxytocin to complete first-stage labor. Further investigation in larger, more diverse cohorts of women is needed to identify potential targets to prevent failed labor induction.
Changes in corneal biomechanics during pregnancy in Chinese healthy female
Authors: Yang Yaping , Ye Jun , Ng Tsz Kin , Wu Na , Sun Xinghuai , Chen Yaping , Chen Yuhong
Published: January 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the changes of corneal biomechanics and the intraocular pressure during pregnancy in a Chinese healthy female population.

Methods:

A total of 222 unrelated Chinese females were recruited: 52 non-pregnant, 15 pregnant in the first trimester, 68 pregnant in the second trimester, and 87 pregnant in the third trimester. The intraocular pressure and corneal biomechanical parameters, including corneal-compensated intraocular pressure, Goldmann-correlated intraocular pressure, corneal hysteresis, and corneal resistance factor, were measured by an Ocular Response Analyzer G3. Central corneal thickness was measured by Lenstar (LS900).

Results:

Corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor were significantly higher in pregnant women at the second and third trimesters. Corneal-compensated intraocular pressure was lower in women at the third trimester of pregnancy ( p = 0.023), but the difference became insignificant after adjustment for corneal hysteresis. Central corneal thickness was marginally higher in pregnant women than non-pregnant women ( p = 0.032). There was a negative correlation between corneal-compensated intraocular pressure and corneal hysteresis ( r = −0.337, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between central corneal thickness and corneal hysteresis ( r = 0.711, p < 0.0001). After adjustment for corneal-compensated intraocular pressure, corneal hysteresis remained significantly higher in the second and third trimesters of pregnant women than non-pregnant women ( p = 0.031, p = 0.005).

Conclusion:

This study revealed a significant increase in corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor in the second and third trimesters. The increase of corneal hysteresis was independent of corneal-compensated intraocular pressure, indicating pregnant females have unique characteristics in corneal-compensated intraocular pressure and corneal biomechanical properties that may be related to glaucoma and corneal ectatic diseases in pregnancy.
Biopolitical bordering: Enacting populations as intelligible objects of government
Authors: Scheel Stephan
Published: January 2020

Since Foucault introduced the notion of biopolitics, it has been fiercely debated—usually in highly generalized terms—how to interpret and use this concept. This article argues that these discussions need to be situated, as biopolitics have features that do not travel from one site to the next. This becomes apparent if we attend to an aspect of biopolitics that has only received scant attention so far: the knowledge practices required to constitute populations as intelligible objects of government. To illustrate this point, the article focuses on processes of biopolitical bordering: the delineation of the target population that is to be known via statistical practices. Drawing on the example of Estonia I show that methodological decisions involved in this work have important biopolitical implications as they affect the size and composition of the population, thus shaping the design of programmes of government aiming at its regulation.
The (anti-)social gift? Mauss’s paradox and the triad of the gift
Authors: Lee Seung Cheol
Published: January 2020

Marcel Mauss’s discussion of the gift relies on a paradox: although gift-giving is the foundational act of building a society, in order for a gift to be circulated, society must be always-already presupposed so that the gift can reach and be recognized by its destination. This article focuses on how this paradox has been addressed in anthropological and philosophical studies of the gift, by reviewing work by Claude Lévi-Strauss, Maurice Godelier and Jacques Derrida. By illuminating each position through the lens of the Lacanian triad of the symbolic, the imaginary and the real, I first show how Lévi-Strauss and Godelier, respectively, focus on the symbolic and imaginary economies of the gift and how their perspectives are still bound by Mauss’s paradox in assuming the totality of society as the ultimate basis of gift exchange. I then read Derrida’s critique of Mauss as an attempt to explore the space for the aneconomic that grounds but simultaneously threatens the symbolic and imaginary economies of society. In doing so, I argue that the gift always includes the effaceable negativity and uncertainty that serve as the condition of (im)possibility for the social.
Analysis of thick beams with temperature-dependent material properties under thermomechanical loads
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Zhou Ding , Xu Xiuli , Li Xuehong
Published: January 2020

This study focuses on the thermoelastic behavior of simply supported thick beams with temperature-dependent material properties under thermomechanical loads. The heat conduction analysis is based on the one-dimensional Fourier’s law, and the displacement and stress analysis is based on the two-dimensional thermoelasticity theory. The solution of temperature field across the thickness is obtained. By dividing the beam into a series of thin slices, the temperature and the material properties in each slice are considered to be uniform. The state space method is used to give the displacements and stresses for every slice. The transfer-matrix method is used to give the displacements and stresses for the beam. Finally, an example is conducted to analyze the temperature, displacement, and stress fields in a carbon steel beam. The example reveals that the temperature not only produces displacements and stresses itself but also affects the displacements and stresses induced by the mechanical load.
Crowdwork and the mobile underclass: Barriers to participation in India and the United States
Authors: Newlands Gemma , Lutz Christoph
Published: January 2020

Online crowdwork platforms have been praised as powerful vehicles for economic development, particularly for workers traditionally excluded from the labor market. However, there has been insufficient scrutiny as to the feasibility of crowdwork as an income-source among socioeconomically deprived populations. This article examines device requirements and differential access to digital infrastructure, both of which act as potential barriers to not only basic participation but also to economic success online. Given the increasing prevalence of mobile-first and mobile-only populations, research on this topic aids in understanding the crowdwork ecosystem among differing socioeconomic sectors. Based on a survey of 606 crowd workers across the United States and India, this article uses both quantitative and qualitative data to explore whether reliance on mobile devices is detrimental for economic outcomes of crowdwork. The results point to substantial inequalities in device use and received benefits from crowdwork, within each country and between the two contexts.
A phenomenology of news: Understanding news in digital culture
Authors: Bengtsson Stina , Johansson Sofia
Published: January 2020

Digital media transform news. First, we see this in changing use patterns. Young people today show a decline in interest in traditional news formats and practices, such as watching the evening news on TV or reading a daily newspaper. But digital media also transform production and distribution of news, leading to new ways to conceptualise and understand news. In the light of these profound transformations in audience behaviour many have started to question the concept of news in news research. In the light of such altered production and distribution contexts which are likely to fundamentally impact on audiences’ definitions and perceptions, this article sets out to explore alternative ways to understand and conceptualise news, beyond traditional news research. What is news today, and how can we study it from the perspective of news audiences, without resorting to preconceived notions? We propose a theoretical approach based in classic phenomenology which, we argue, will open up for further reconsideration of the concept as well as providing a potentially fruitful basis for research on digital news consumption. Phenomenology takes human existence as its vantage point and explores how human subjects exist and create meaning in their everyday lives in relation to basic categories such as time, space and (sociocultural) relevance. We argue phenomenology to be particularly relevant for exploring new meanings of news as the basic dimensions of phenomenology not only coincide with the basic dimensions of news consumption, but also of those of news values; time, space, and (sociocultural) relevance.
Hospitalization rates among patients with cystic fibrosis using pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy
Authors: Trapnell Bruce C. , Chen Su , Khurmi Rupal , Bodhani Amit , Kapoor Mudra , Haupt Mark
Published: January 2020

We investigated the relationship between self-reported adherence to pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy (PERT), nutritional status, and all-cause hospitalization in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with a record of PERT use. Association of self-reported annual PERT use rate (adherence) with annual hospital admission rate (HAR) and annual total hospital nights (THNs) were analyzed for 5301 children (2000–2012) and 13,989 adults (2000–2013) from the CF Foundation Patient Registry. Multivariate linear regression was used to determine the association of HAR and THN with mean annual PERT use rate, cumulative PERT use rate, mean body mass index (BMI) (adult) or BMI percentile (pediatric), age, and sex. The median annual PERT use rate was 87% in children and 80% in adults. Statistically, higher annual PERT use, longer cumulative PERT, and higher BMI percentile (children) or BMI (adults) were significantly ( p < 0.0001) associated with lower annual HAR and fewer annual THN in children and adults. Female sex was associated with higher annual HAR and more annual THN in children and adults ( p < 0.05). Results indicate self-reported adherence to PERT, increased BMI, and male sex were associated with fewer hospital admissions and annual hospital nights in CF patients.
US principals’ sensemaking of the future roles and responsibilities of school principals
Authors: Reid David B.
Published: January 2020

School principals are fundamentally important to school improvement. Due in part to this importance, the roles and responsibilities of school principals are constantly evolving. To explore leader sensemaking about this phenomenon I conducted 30 interviews with 10 public school principals in the US state of New Jersey during the 2018–2019 school year. Specifically, in this study I asked: (a) What are current public school principals’ predictions of the future role of school principals? and (b) In what way(s) do these predictions shape principals’ thinking about remaining in the profession? The findings of this work indicate: (a) principals believe the future of the school principal will focus heavily on safety and security; (b) principals believe the future of the role will include an increased emphasis on supporting student and teacher emotion and mental health; and (c) principals believe their future role as a school leader will evolve in how they interact with parents/guardians. Finally, an analysis of data shows in some cases how principals make sense of the future of the profession shapes their thinking about remaining in or exiting the role of school principal. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Rehabilitation, Recovery, and Community Participation following Stroke. Part One: Rehabilitation and Recovery Following Stroke; 6th Edition Update 2019
Authors: Teasell Robert , Salbach Nancy M , Foley Norine , Mountain Anita , Cameron Jill I , Jong Andrea de , Acerra Nicole E , Bastasi Diana , Carter Sherri L , Fung Joyce , Halabi Mary-Lou , Iruthayarajah Jerome , Harris Jocelyn , Kim Esther , Noland Andrea , Pooyania Sepideh , Rochette Annie , Stack Bridget D , Symcox Erin , Timpson Debbie , Varghese Suja , Verrilli Sue , Gubitz Gord , Casaubon Leanne K , Dowlatshahi Dar , Lindsay M Patrice
Published: January 2020

The sixth update of the Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Rehabilitation, Recovery, and Reintegration following Stroke. Part one: Rehabilitation and Recovery Following Stroke is a comprehensive set of evidence-based guidelines addressing issues surrounding impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions following stroke. Rehabilitation is a critical component of recovery, essential for helping patients to regain lost skills, relearn tasks, and regain independence. Following a stroke, many people typically require rehabilitation for persisting deficits related to hemiparesis, upper-limb dysfunction, pain, impaired balance, swallowing, and vision, neglect, and limitations with mobility, activities of daily living, and communication. This module addresses interventions related to these issues as well as the structure in which they are provided, since rehabilitation can be provided on an inpatient, outpatient, or community basis. These guidelines also recognize that rehabilitation needs of people with stroke may change over time and therefore intermittent reassessment is important. Recommendations are appropriate for use by all healthcare providers and system planners who organize and provide care to patients following stroke across a broad range of settings. Unlike the previous set of recommendations, in which pediatric stroke was included, this set of recommendations includes primarily adult rehabilitation, recognizing many of these therapies may be applicable in children. Recommendations related to community reintegration, which were previously included within this rehabilitation module, can now be found in the companion module, Rehabilitation, Recovery, and Community Participation following Stroke. Part Two: Transitions and Community Participation Following Stroke.
Delivery of a psychological intervention to assess and reduce workplace stress among intensive care staff
Authors: Wade Dorothy , Georgieva Milena , Gunnewicht Hein , Finnigan Jacqui , MacCallum Niall
Published: January 2020

Introduction

Intensive care staff have high levels of stress. We conducted a service improvement initiative to assess workplace stress levels among staff in one adult general intensive care unit and deliver a stress management intervention.

Methods

A psychological intervention of four stress management sessions, and fortnightly staff support drop-in groups, was developed and delivered within a year. Pre- and post-intervention, workplace stress in the unit was assessed using a Health and Safety Executive tool.

Results

Pre-intervention assessment of 76 (47.2%) staff indicated that improvement was needed in all domains of workplace stress. 125 staff (77.6%) participated in the intervention and gave positive ratings for content, relevance, practicality and personal value (median 4 (1–5); interquartile range 3.8–4.6). Post-intervention assessment of 71 staff (41.3%) demonstrated improvements in all workplace stress domains.

Conclusion

A reduction in workplace stress was observed following a service improvement intervention in one intensive care unit although no causality can be assumed. Similar interventions should be evaluated using robust study designs.
Caring for the Youngest Students: The ABCs of Preschool Nursing
Authors: Lynn Michelle
Published: January 2020

Caring for the preschool population presents unique challenges for the school nurse. These challenges are multiplied when the population includes those with special needs. Challenges include multiple risks to safety related to developmental stage, increased prevalence of infectious diseases due to the development of the child’s immune system, management of chronic disease because of the student’s ability to comprehend and follow directions, and many social and emotional issues. Using evidence-based strategies, the preschool nurse can gain the confidence to care for the youngest students.
The surrender of prosecuted persons under the EAW procedure: Issues of transposition of EU criminal policy to the national level
Authors: Banach-Gutierrez Joanna Beata
Published: January 2020

This article deals with the transposition of European Union (EU) criminal policy to national justice systems, taking, as an example, the surrender of prosecuted persons under the European Arrest Warrant (EAW) procedure. In particular, attention is focused on the question about the limits of the application of mutual recognition in the event of executing the EAW that is also linked to the increasing role of punishment, as a measure for rehabilitation and reintegration of the offender into society. The author argues that national citizenship should be treated very carefully by judicial authorities in the EU Member States which are deciding on the surrender of the prosecuted person under the EAW procedure. This care should apply whether surrender is for the purposes of criminal prosecution, the execution of custodial sentences or in the case of the transfer of sentenced persons to their State of nationality under Council Framework Decision 2008/909/JHA. With this aim, the first section explains the possible functions of punishment in contemporary penology; the second section is devoted to the Court of Justice of the EU rulings which are crucial for the further developments of EU criminal policy; and the third section refers to the Polish experience in surrendering own nationals for the purposes of prosecution in the EAW issuing Member State.
Understanding the Discourse of Early Childhood Education in Coming of Age in Samoa
Authors: Krek Janez
Published: January 2020

The apparently readily comprehensible descriptive discourse in Margaret Mead’s famous ethnographic study Coming of Age in Samoa (1928) (CAS) presents a discursive challenge that is greater than one might expect from a book that has gained a wide readership. Through theoretical analysis, and in relation to the notorious Mead/Freeman controversy, we seek to contribute to understanding CAS as discourse, and even more specifically as educational discourse. Three research questions are addressed: How can the account of Samoan culture presented by Mead in CAS be understood as discourse? How can her account of early childhood education be understood in relation to Freeman’s account? Is Mead describing permissive education when describing patterns of early childhood education in Samoa? We argue that Mead produced an overlapping research discourse that has appealed to the wider public because of its cultural suppressed message aimed at the unconscious in culture. Mead’s and Freeman’s contradictory accounts of Samoan cultural patterns in relation to early childhood education can be explained by differences in the perspectives of the social and hierarchical positions of respectable elders and chiefs (Freeman) and of young girls who were caregivers of even younger children (Mead). Finally, we argue that early childhood education in Samoa at that time was clearly not permissive. Young Samoan girls internalized the symbolic Law (Lacan) and were therefore able to act in an authoritative way as caregivers. In the field of education nearly a century later, Mead’s descriptions of early childhood education in Samoa still provide an intricate case study.
An Investigation of Healthcare Worker Perception of Their Workplace Safety and Incidence of Injury
Authors: Aljabri Duaa , Vaughn Andrew , Austin Matthew , White Launia , Li Zhuo , Naessens James , Spaulding Aaron
Published: January 2020

Background: Managing the safety climate in health care is a promising tool for improving employee and patient safety in the health care work environment. Gaps in the theoretical and conceptual underpinnings of safety climate, as well as the evidence base for its practical application in health care remain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the number of work injuries occurring in health care work units and associated safety climate beliefs. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted utilizing organizational staff survey data collected by a large medical hospital in the Midwest in 2015. Employees ( n = 32,327) were invited to identify safety climate perceptions via survey. Injuries, days restricted, and days absent were identified through the Hospital’s Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) log. Zero inflated negative binomial regressions used injuries as dependent variables and safety climate perceptions as independent variables. Findings: In all, 23,599 employees completed the survey (73% response rate) across 1,805 employee work units which were defined as groupings of employees reporting to a single supervisor. We found that there was an association between fewer injuries and health care workers indicating that they share responsibility for compliance with safety rules and procedures (relative risk [RR] = 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.98, 0.99]). Conclusion/Application to Practice: This study supports the use of a safety climate measure to assess working units’ perceptions of employee safety. A continued focus on the health and safety of employees who interact directly with patients is warranted, as well as employees who do not provide direct patient care.
Treatment of scar endometriosis with elagolix
Authors: D’Amico Timothy A , Bystry Lisa , Kandel Sean M
Published: January 2020

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder that affects approximately 5%–10% of women and is a major contributor to chronic pelvic pain. It can result in a significant impact on a woman’s quality of life with a high rate of reoccurrence throughout the woman’s reproductive years. Medical treatment is available but often surgical intervention is required. Scar endometriosis is a rare complication of this disease, mostly involving cesarean section scars. Our case demonstrates a possible new, non-invasive treatment for scar endometriosis with elagolix. The ability to avoid the potential morbidity of surgical scar revision makes this a very attractive potential option. Further studies with larger cohorts and long-term follow up are needed to confirm efficacy.
Knee Arthroscopic Surgery in Middle-Aged Patients With Meniscal Symptoms: A 5-Year Follow-up of a Prospective, Randomized Study
Authors: Sonesson Sofi , Kvist Joanna , Yakob Jafar , Hedevik Henrik , Gauffin Håkan
Published: January 2020

Background:

Arthroscopic meniscal surgery is a common orthopaedic procedure in middle-aged patients, but the efficacy of this procedure has been questioned. In this study, we followed up the only randomized controlled trial that has shown a 1-year benefit from knee arthroscopic surgery with an exercise program compared with an exercise program alone.

Purpose:

To (1) evaluate whether knee arthroscopic surgery combined with an exercise program provided an additional 5-year benefit compared with an exercise program alone in middle-aged patients with meniscal symptoms, (2) determine whether baseline mechanical symptoms affected the outcome, and (3) compare radiographic changes between treatment groups.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Of 179 eligible patients aged 45 to 64 years, 150 were randomized to either a 3-month exercise program (nonsurgery group) or to the same exercise program plus knee arthroscopic surgery (surgery group) within 4 weeks. Radiographs were assessed, according to the Kellgren-Lawrence grade, at baseline and at the 5-year follow-up. The primary outcome was the change in Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS)–Pain (KOOSPAIN) subscore from baseline to the 5-year follow-up. We performed an as-treated analysis.

Results:

A total of 102 patients completed the 5-year questionnaire. At the 5-year follow-up, both groups had significant improvement in KOOSPAIN subscores, although there was no significant change from the 3-year scores. There was no between-group difference in the change in the KOOSPAIN subscore from baseline to 5 years (3.2 points [95% CI, –6.1 to 12.4]; adjusted P = .403). In the surgery group, improvement was greater in patients without mechanical symptoms than in those with mechanical symptoms (mean difference, 18.4 points [95% CI, 8.7 to 28.1]; P < .001). Radiographic deterioration occurred in 60% of patients in the surgery group and 37% of those in the nonsurgery group ( P = .060).

Conclusion:

Knee arthroscopic surgery combined with an exercise program provided no additional long-term benefit after 5 years compared with the exercise program alone in middle-aged patients with meniscal symptoms. Surgical outcomes were better in patients without mechanical symptoms than in patients with mechanical symptoms during the preoperative period. Radiographic changes did not differ between treatment groups.

Registration:

NCT01288768 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Hyaluronic Acid Injections or Oral Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs for Knee Osteoarthritis: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Miller Larry E. , Fredericson Michael , Altman Roy D.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injections and oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are common treatments for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, the comparative effects of these treatments are unclear.

Purpose:

To compare the efficacy and safety of intra-articular HA injections compared with oral NSAIDs for the treatment of knee OA.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

We systematically searched Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for randomized trials of knee OA treatment with HA injections compared with oral NSAIDs. The main outcomes were knee pain, knee function, adverse events (AEs), serious AEs, study withdrawals, and study withdrawals because of AEs. Pooled effect sizes were reported at the final follow-up with standardized mean difference (SMD) for efficacy outcomes and risk ratio (RR) for safety outcomes.

Results:

In 6 randomized trials of 831 patients (414 HA, 417 NSAIDs), with follow-up ranging from 5 to 26 weeks, HA injections were associated with small, statistically significant improvements in knee pain (SMD, 0.15; P = .04) and knee function (SMD, 0.23; P = .01) compared with oral NSAIDs. The risk of AEs was lower with HA compared with NSAIDs (19.8% vs 29.0%; RR, 0.74; P = .01). The risk of a serious AE (RR, 1.37; P = .71), study withdrawal (RR, 1.05; P = .68), or study withdrawal because of an AE (RR, 0.65; P = .22) was comparable between groups. Gastrointestinal concerns were the most frequent AE reported, occurring more often with NSAIDs (23.4% vs 14.1%; P = .001). AEs reported more frequently with HA injections were injection site pain (11.7% vs 4.7%; P < .001), headache (8.4% vs 4.4%; P = .03), and arthralgia (8.1% vs 2.9%; P = .001). Significant heterogeneity or publication bias was not observed for any outcome.

Conclusion:

Comparing short-term outcomes of HA injections with oral NSAIDs for treatment of knee OA, HA injections provided statistically significant but not clinically important improvements in knee pain and function, along with a lower overall risk of AEs.
Systematical identifications of prognostic meaningful lung adenocarcinoma subtypes and the underlying mutational and expressional characters
Authors: Lv Zhenyang , Lei Ting
Published: January 2020

Background

Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is one of the most common cancer types, threatening the human health around the world. However, the high heterogeneity and complexity of LUAD limit the benefits of targeted therapies. This study aimed to identify the key prognosis impacting genes and relevant subtypes for LUAD.

Methods

We recognized significant mutations and prognosis-relevant genes based on the omics data of 515 LUAD samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Mutation significance was estimated by MutSigCV. Prognosis analysis was based on the cox proportional hazards regression (Coxph) model. Specifically, the Coxph model was combined with a causal regulatory network to help reveal which genes play master roles among numerous prognosis impacting genes. Based on expressional profiles of the master genes, LUAD patients were clustered into different sub-types by a consensus clustering method and the importance of master genes were further evaluated by random forest.

Results

Significant mutations did not influence the prognosis directly. However, a collection of prognosis relevant genes were recognized, where 75 genes like GAPDH and GGA2 which are involved in mTOR signaling, lysosome or other key pathways are further identified as the master ones. Interestingly, the master gene expressions help separate LUAD patients into two sub-types displaying remarkable differences in expressional profiles, prognostic outcomes and genomic mutations in certain genes, like SMARCA4 and COL11A1. Meanwhile, the subtypes were re-discovered from two additional LUAD cohorts based on the top-10 important master genes.

Conclusions

This study can promote precision treatment of LUAD by providing a comprehensive description on the key prognosis-relevant genes and an alternative way to classify LUAD subtypes.
Analysis of the relationship between the mutation site of the SLC39A4 gene and acrodermatitis enteropathica by reporting a rare Chinese twin: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhong Wei , Yang Chao , Zhu Lei , Huang Yu-Qi , Chen Yong-Feng
Published: January 2020

Background

Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary skin disease caused by mutations in the SLC39A4 gene and is characterized by periorificial dermatitis, alopecia and diarrhoea due to insufficient zinc absorption. Only one of the three known sets of twins with AE has genetic information. This case reports the discovery of new mutation sites in rare twin patients and draws some interesting conclusions by analysing the relationship between genetic information and clinical manifestations.

Case presentation

Here, we report a pair of 16-month-old twin boys with AE exhibiting periorificial and acral erythema, scales and blisters, while subsequent laboratory examination showed normal plasma zinc and alkaline phosphatase levels. Further Sanger sequencing demonstrated that the patients were compound heterozygous for two unreportedSLC39A4mutations: a missense mutation in exon 5 (c.926G > T), which led to a substitution of the 309th amino acid residue cysteine with phenylalanine, a splice site mutation occurring in the consensus donor site of intron 5 (c.976 + 2 T > A). A family study revealed that the boys’ parents were heterozygous carriers of these two mutations.

Conclusion

We identified a new compound heterozygous mutation in Chinese twins with AE, which consisted of two previous unreported variants in exon 5 and intron 5 of SLC39A4. We propose an up-to-date review that different mutations in SLC39A4 may exhibit different AE manifestations. In conjunction with future research, our work may shed light on genotype-phenotype correlations in AE patients and provide knowledge for genetic counselling and treatment for AE patients.
Global longitudinal strain correlates to systemic right ventricular function
Authors: Samarai Daniel , Ingemansson Sandra Lindstedt , Gustafsson Ronny , Thilén Ulf , Hlebowicz Joanna
Published: January 2020

Background

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the relationship between right ventricular function derived from cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR), echocardiography and exercise stress test performance, NT-proBNP (N-terminal proB-type natriuretic peptide) level and NYHA class in patients with a systemic right ventricle.

Methods

All patients with congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (ccTGA), or transposition of the great arteries after Mustard or Senning procedures, (TGA) followed at our centre who had undergone CMR, echocardiography, an exercise stress test and blood sampling, were included in the study.

Results

We examined 11 patients (six after the Senning procedure, one after the Mustard procedure, and four ccTGA) who have a median age of 32 years (22-67 years). A significant correlation was observed between the systemic ventricular function, expressed as the CMR-derived right ventricular ejection fraction and the right ventricular global longitudinal strain (r= -0.627; p=0.039).

Conclusion

We have demonstrated that in patients with ccTGA or TGA right ventricular global longitudinal strain may be useful in the evaluation of the systemic right ventricular function.