bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patients' Responses to COVID-19 Pandemic: The Relationship Between Potential Pandemic-Induced Disruptions, Ontological Security, and Adaptive Responses in Taizhou, China
Authors: Luo Chengwen , Wu Xiaoyan , Wang Weizhen , Zhang Mei-Xian , Cheng Fengmin , Chen Haixiao , Tung Tao-Hsin
Published: May 2022

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the social environment of most individuals around the world and has profoundly impacted people's lives, ontological security, and behavior. Among them, the patients are one of the groups most influenced by the pandemic.

Objective

The present research aimed to study the relationship of COVID-19 pandemic-induced disruption to patients' daily lives, ontological security, and patients' responses to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and explore the role of ontological security.

Methods

This article was based on an online structured questionnaire study conducted among hospitalized patients in Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Taizhou, China, from 8 July to 11 August 2021. We analyzed the data using the multivariate regression model and mediation analysis method.

Results

The results showed that the higher the pandemic-induced disruption to inpatients' lives, the better behavior would be taken by hospitalized patients to prevent the spread of COVID-19, and the perceived scarcity of ontological security played a mediating role in this process. Higher pandemic-induced disruption to patients' lives increased the ontological insecurity which further, in turn, reduced patients' good practice toward measures to prevent the novel coronavirus.

Conclusion

These findings provided direct evidence for the relationship between pandemic-induced disruption, scarcity of ontological security, and patients' prevention behavior. It suggested that there was a need to emphasize patients' ontological security. Overall, these findings suggested that it is important to emphasize the mental health among patients during the COVID-19 pandemic, and implement strategies to offer psychological support when needed.
The Presence of Flavonoids in Some Products and Fruits of the Genus Eugenia: An Integrative Review
Authors: Nogueira Laiza Andrade , Figueiredo Yuri Gomes , Ramos Ana Luiza Coeli Cruz , Correia Vinícius Tadeu da Veiga , Nunes Bruna Vieira , Ribeiro Lucas Victor , Franco Ariele Oliveira , Ferreira Ricardo Boavida , Sousa Isabel , Mota Joana , Batista-Santos Paula , Araújo Raquel Linhares Belo de , Melo Júlio Onésio Ferreira
Published: May 2022

The Myrtaceae family, one of the most prominent botanical families, is represented in Brazil with different fruit species, rich in bioactive compounds and gastronomically appreciated. This study aimed to carry out an integrative review on the genus Eugenia, highlighting the pitangueira (E. uniflora L.), cagaiteira (E. dysenterica), grumixameira (E. brasiliensis), pereira (E. klotzschiana O. Berg), and uvaieira (E. pyriformis Cambess) and which flavonoids are present in these fruits. Articles published between 2016 and 2021 were selected from the following databases: Google Scholar, Periódicos CAPES, Scielo, and Science Direct. According to each database, the descriptors used as a search strategy addressed the popular and scientific names of the five selected species, associated or not with the term “flavonoid,” according to each database. The results showed that quercetin was the main flavonoid identified in the fruits, and the principal extraction method used was HPLC. Other interesting compounds, such as catechin, epicatechin, rutin, myricetin, and kaempferol, were also found. However, the amount and type of flavonoids detected varied according to the applied methodology. Hence, these studies highlight the importance of species of the genus Eugenia, which promotes beneficial health effects and possible applicability to the food and pharmaceutical industry.
Reduction of Carbon Emission Is Optimized During the Life Cycle of Commonly Used Force Main Pipe Materials
Authors: Alsadi Alhossin A. , Matthews John C.
Published: May 2022

With increasing attention to global warming and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and providing a better environment for coming generations, there is a critical need to quantify and decrease the environmental impact. Underground construction projects are one of the biggest constructions in North America; consequently, it is one of the GHG emissions' primary sources. This research focused on optimizing the carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions for a 91 cm (36 in) diameter sewer pressure pipe with 3 m (10 ft) depth and 30 m (100 ft) length, operating at 690 kPa (100 psi) during the commonly used pipeline materials' life cycle: Cured-in-Place Pipe (CIPP), Pre-stressed Concrete Cylinder Pipe (PCCP), High-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe, and Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) pipe. The life operations for this study were considered 100-years. The four phases of a pipeline life cycle included in this study are fabrication, installation, operation, and disposal phases. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a methodology to evaluate the environmental impacts of products or service systems throughout the complete life cycle from the cradle to the grave. The study results show that the CO2 emissions have been reduced by 16% on the PCCP pipe, 4% on PVC pipe, 1% on HDEP pipe, and by 3.2% and 2.0% on CIPP lining (50 years and 100 years life expectancy, respectively). It is recommended that field studies be conducted in future research to obtain the necessary data to overcome the dependence on assumptions made in this study. Also, I recommended including the direct and social costs, which will make the decision easier for engineers and decision-makers to choose the right choice.
The Human-Microbial Partnership: Even Our Brains Benefit!
Authors: Perron Jeanette C. , Carroll Joanne M.
Published: May 2022

Human cells assemble to form tissues, which organize into organs and then combine into complex organisms capable of extraordinary functions. However, we are not alone. It may surprise you to know that we humans are made of more than just human cells. In fact, there are many more microbes (microorganisms) in and on our bodies than there are human cells making up our tissues and organs. But before you get squirmy and itchy about this idea, these microorganisms are our allies—they are often helpful and sometimes even essential for our health. Though we often associate microbes like bacteria, viruses, and fungi with disease, most microbes are not dangerous. This article will explore how the human body develops and becomes colonized by these microbes in a mutually beneficial partnership.
Using Mathematics to Become in Sync With the Brain
Authors: Swartz Micah , Rubchinsky Leonid L.
Published: May 2022

From a young age, we are told that being “in sync” is a good thing! From being in sync with the music as we dance to being in sync with teammates on the field, synchronization is celebrated. However, too little or too much synchronization can be bad. In the brain, synchronization allows important information to be sent back and forth between neurons, so that we can make decisions and function in our daily lives. Mathematics can help researchers and doctors understand patterns of abnormal synchronization in the brain and help them to diagnose and potentially treat the symptoms of brain disorders. In this article, we will dive into how mathematics is used to explore and understand the brain—one of our body’s most important organs.
Environmental Assessment and Cost Analysis of the Manufacturing, Transport, and Use of Actellic Super and Azadirachtin Insecticides for the Treatment of Maize Grains
Authors: Darfour Bernard , Rosentrater Kurt A.
Published: May 2022

The public has recommended the use of botanicals with insecticidal properties because of the environmental and human health hazards associated with the utilization of synthetic chemicals. Farmers and other stakeholders need to have optimal knowledge of the chemical treatment of grain. Also understanding how synthetic chemicals and botanicals impact the environment, and the cost involved in treating maize grain is important. Although some research had been done on Actellic Super and azadirachtin in other parts of the world based on different research goals, this study rather focused on peculiar assumptions, scope, goals, and system boundary. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the environmental impacts of the active ingredients in Actellic Super (pirimiphos-methyl and permethrin) and NeemAzal (azadirachtin), and also to perform cost analysis on the usage of Actellic Super and azadirachtin for the treatment of maize grain. Data from Sustainable Minds database and TRACI database were used to assess CO2 emissions and impacts of pirimiphos-methyl and permethrin during manufacturing and transport. Also, the ecotoxicity and health impacts of azadirachtin, pirimiphos-methyl, and permethrin were assessed. A unit of Ghana cedi per kilogram of grain was used for the cost analysis. Pirimiphos-methyl manufacturing recorded the lowest CO2eq. kg/kg emissions and impacts (mPts/kg) compared with permethrin. Air transport of pirimiphos-methyl and permethrin resulted in higher CO2eq. kg/kg emissions and impacts unlike sea transport. Pirimiphos-methyl recorded the highest ecotoxicity while the least was permethrin. Importantly, azadirachtin had no human health impacts compared with pirimiphos-methyl. Actellic Super costs 224% less compared with azadirachtin. However, the costs of both insecticides depended on foreign exchange rate. The treatment cost increased with grain capacity irrespective of the insecticide used. Although treatment cost increased with grain capacity, the economies of scale favored the largest grain capacity.
Retrospective Preliminary Assessment of Routine Follow-Up Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Dogs Presumptively Diagnosed With Discospondylitis
Authors: de Freitas Maria Ines , Vettorato Enzo , Scarpante Elena , Cherubini Giunio Bruto , Caine Abby
Published: May 2022

Background

The usefulness of routine follow-up Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI-2) in asymptomatic dogs treated for discospondylitis is unknown.

Methods

This cross-sectional retrospective study investigated the features of MRI-2 in a heterogeneous group of dogs treated for discospondylitis, and if these were associated with the presence or absence of clinical signs. After comparing initial MRI (MRI-1) and MRI-2, an observer, blinded to the dog's clinical signs, described the MRI-2 findings. The study population was then divided into symptomatic or asymptomatic at the time of MRI-2. Two separate observers subjectively classified the discospondylitis as active or inactive. Repeatability and interobserver agreement were evaluated.

Results

A total of 25 dogs were included. At the time of MRI-2 16 (64%) dogs were asymptomatic and 9 (36%) were symptomatic. Based on MRI-2, 20 (80%) and 18 (72%) out of 25 dogs were considered to have active discospondylitis by the first and second observers, respectively. Interobserver agreement was moderate. No MRI-2 features were associated with the clinical status. The subjective classification of inactive discospondylitis was significantly associated with asymptomatic clinical status, but the classification of active discospondylitis was evenly distributed between groups.

Conclusion

This study did not identify a meaningful association between the clinical status of dogs treated for presumptive discospondylitis and MRI-2 results. There were no specific MRI-2 features which were associated with the clinical status.
Role of the HIV-1 Reservoir to Maintain Viral Suppression in a Simplified Strategy for the Long-Term Management of HIV-1 Infection (The SIMPL’HIV Trial)
Authors: Branca Mattia , Marinosci Annalisa , Sculier Delphine , Wandeler Gilles , Yerly Sabine , Stoeckle Marcel , Bernasconi Enos , Braun Dominique L. , Neumann Kathrin , Vernazza Pietro , Cavassini Matthias , Buzzi Marta , Decosterd Laurent A. , Schmid Patrick , Limacher Andreas , Günthard Huldrych F. , Metzner Karin J. , Calmy Alexandra
Published: May 2022

HIV-1 reservoir size and dynamics are promising parameters to ensure the safe prescription of simplified maintenance antiretroviral therapy in chronically HIV-1 infected patients. In the SIMPL’HIV trial, HIV-1 DNA was quantified in peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained at baseline and week 48 to investigate changes over time and evidence of a predictive relationship to maintain HIV-1 RNA <20 copies/ml. Measurements were available for 175 patients, with no differences observed between treatment strategies. Findings showed that baseline HIV-1 DNA was lower in those with durable HIV-1 RNA <20 copies/ml compared with patients with incomplete viral suppression over 48 weeks.
Track Segment Association Method Based on Bidirectional Track Prediction and Fuzzy Analysis
Authors: Cao Yupeng , Cao Jiangwei , Zhou Zhiguo
Published: May 2022

Due to sensor characteristics, geographical environment, electromagnetic interference, electromagnetic silence, information countermeasures, and other reasons, the phenomenon of track breakages occur in the process of aircraft track data processing. It leads to the change in target label attributes. In order to make the track segment association effect better, we studied several existing time series prediction methods, and proposed a track segment association method based on bidirectional Holt-Winters prediction and fuzzy analysis. This algorithm bidirectionally predicts and extrapolates track segments by the Holt-Winters method, and then uses the fuzzy track segment association algorithm to perform segment association and secondary association. The simulation results of this method show that the track segment association method based on Holt-Winters prediction and fuzzy analysis can effectively solve the track association problem where the target label attributes change before and after track breakage, demonstrating better association ability and robustness. Compared with the fuzzy association method without adding track prediction, our method generally improves the association accuracy by 35%.
Conceptual Design of a Hybrid Hydrogen Fuel Cell/Battery Blended-Wing-Body Unmanned Aerial Vehicle—An Overview
Authors: Suewatanakul Siwat , Porcarelli Alessandro , Olsson Adam , Grimler Henrik , Chiche Ariel , Mariani Raffaello , Lindbergh Göran
Published: May 2022

The manuscript presents the conceptual design phase of an unmanned aerial vehicle, with the objective of a systems approach towards the integration of a hydrogen fuel-cell system and Li-ion batteries into an aerodynamically efficient platform representative of future aircraft configurations. Using a classical approach to aircraft design and a combination of low- and high-resolution computational simulations, a final blended wing body UAV was designed with a maximum take-off weight of 25 kg and 4 m wingspan. Preliminary aerodynamic and propulsion sizing demonstrated that the aircraft is capable of completing a 2 h long mission powered by a 650 W fuel cell, hybridized with a 100 Wh battery pack, and with a fuel quantity of 80 g of compressed hydrogen.
Exploring the Antimicrobial Stewardship Educational Needs of Healthcare Students and the Potential of an Antimicrobial Prescribing App as an Educational Tool in Selected African Countries
Authors: Ogunnigbo Omotola , Nabiryo Maxencia , Atteh Moses , Muringu Eric , Olaitan Olatunde James , Rutter Victoria , Ashiru-Oredope Diane
Published: May 2022

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health threat and one of the top 10 global public health threats facing humanity. AMR contributes to 700,000 deaths annually and more deaths, as many as 10 million are projected to happen by 2050. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) activities have been important in combating the ripple effects of AMR and several concerted efforts have been taken to address the issues of antimicrobial resistance. The Commonwealth Pharmacists Association through the Commonwealth Partnerships for Antimicrobial Stewardship (CwPAMS) programme has been enhancing the capacity of health institutions in Low-Middle-Income Countries (LMIC) to combat AMR. Through such efforts, an antimicrobial prescribing app (CwPAMS app) was launched and delivered to support antimicrobial prescribing and improve AMS practice in four African countries; Ghana, Uganda, Zambia, and Tanzania. The app provides easy access to infection management resources to improve appropriate use of antimicrobials in line with national and international guidelines. This study aimed to identify and explore the potential for the usability of the CwPAMS app among healthcare students across selected African countries that are part of the Commonwealth. The study equally evaluated the healthcare students’ understanding and attitudes towards antimicrobial resistance and stewardship. Despite 70% of the respondents indicating that they had been taught about prudent use of antibiotics, diagnosis of infections and their management using antibiotics in their universities, notable knowledge gaps were discovered: 52.2% of the respondents had no prior information on the term AMS, 50.6% of them reported a lack of resources for accessing up-to-date information on drugs, for instance only 36% had had an opportunity to access an app as a learning resource even when 70% of the respondents thought that a mobile app would support in increasing their knowledge. Those challenges reveal an opportunity for the CwPAMS App as a potential option to address AMR and AMS gaps among healthcare students.
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Algal and Cyanobacterial Extracts: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Frazzini Sara , Scaglia Elena , Dell’Anno Matteo , Reggi Serena , Panseri Sara , Giromini Carlotta , Lanzoni Davide , Sgoifo Rossi Carlo Angelo , Rossi Luciana
Published: May 2022

Algae and cyanobacteria, other than their nutritional value, possess different beneficial properties, including antioxidant and antimicrobial ones. Therefore, they can be considered functional ingredients in animal feed and natural substitutes for antibiotics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity against porcine O138 E. coli of Ascophyllum nodosum, Chlorella vulgaris, Lithotamnium calcareum, Schizochytrium spp. as algal species and Arthrospira platensis as cyanobacteria. The antioxidant capacity was determined by ABTS Radical Cation Decolorization Assay testing at three different concentrations (100%; 75%; 50%). The growth inhibition effect of the extracts at concentrations of 25%, 12.5%, 6%, 3% and 1.5% against porcine O138 E. coli was genetically characterized by PCR to detect the presence of major virulence factors; this was evaluated by following the microdilution bacterial growth method. The ABTS assay disclosed that Ascophyllum nodosum was the compound with the major antioxidant properties (57.75 ± 1.44 percentage of inhibition; p < 0.0001). All the extracts tested showed growth inhibition activity at a concentration of 25%. Among all extracts, A. nodosum was the most effective, showing a significant growth inhibition of E. coli; in particular, the log10 cells/mL of E. coli used as a control resulted in a significantly higher concentration of 25% and 12.5% after 4 h (8.45 ± 0.036 and 7.22 ± 0.025 log10 cells/mL, respectively; p < 0.005). This also suggests a dose-dependent relationship between the inhibitory activity and the concentration. Also, a synergistic effect was observed on antioxidant activity for the combination of Ascophyllum nodosum and Lithotamnium calcareum (p < 0.0001). Moreover, to determine if this combination could affect the viability of the IPEC-J2 cells under the normal or stress condition, the viability and membrane integrity were tested, disclosing that the combination mitigated the oxidative stress experimentally induced by increasing the cell viability. In conclusion, the results obtained highlight that the bioactive compounds of algal species are able to exert antioxidant capacity and modulate O138 E. coli growth. Also, the combination of Ascophyllum nodosum and Lithotamnium calcareum species can enhance their bioactivity, making them a promising functional feed additive and a suitable alternative to antibiotics.
Polyphenols of Edible Macroalgae: Estimation of In Vitro Bio-Accessibility and Cytotoxicity, Quantification by LC-MS/MS and Potential Utilization as an Antimicrobial and Functional Food Ingredient
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Tarafdar Ayon , Kumar Deepak , Saravanan Chakkaravarthi , Badgujar Prarabdh C. , Pharande Aparna , Pareek Sunil , Fawole Olaniyi Amos
Published: May 2022

Macroalgae are a rich source of polyphenols, and their ingestion promotes various health benefits. However, information on factors contributing to health benefits such as antioxidants, antimicrobial properties, bioaccessibility, and cytotoxicity is less explored and often unavailable. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the above-mentioned parameters for the brown and green macroalgae Sargassum wightii and Ulva rigida, respectively, collected from the southeast coast of India. S. wightii exhibited higher antioxidant activity and moderate antimicrobial activity against major food pathogens in an agar well diffusion assay and in the broth microdilution method (MIC50 being <0.5 mg/mL for all microorganisms tested). Both macroalgae extracts exhibited significantly high bioaccessibility of polyphenols. To evaluate the safety of the extracts, in vitro cytotoxicity by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was carried out on the primary cells: mouse splenic lymphocytes. An almost complete decline in the cell viability was seen at considerably high concentration (50 mg/mL), expressing the reasonably high safety of the extracts. The extracts of both macroalgae were quantified for polyphenols, wherein fucoxanthin (9.27 ± 2.28 mg/kg DW) and phloroglucinol (17.96 ± 2.80 mg/kg DW) were found to be greater in the S. wightii apart from other phenolics, like gallic acid, quercetin, vanillin, and ferulic acid. The results signify the tremendous scope for the value addition of S. wightii through extraction and purification of polyphenols for its potential exploitation in functional foods and nutraceuticals or as an antimicrobial ingredient in active or smart packaging.
The “End Life” of the Grape Pomace Waste Become the New Beginning: The Development of a Virtuous Cycle for the Green Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles and Removal of Emerging Contaminants from Water
Authors: Gubitosa Jennifer , Rizzi Vito , Laurenzana Anna , Scavone Francesca , Frediani Elena , Fibbi Gabriella , Fanelli Fiorenza , Sibillano Teresa , Giannini Cinzia , Fini Paola , Cosma Pinalysa
Published: May 2022

During the last decades, the demand for processes developed according to the Circular Economy Principles has increased, searching for an alternative life for wastes. For this purpose, a one-pot green approach is exploited during this work to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) by using grape pomace waste from Vitis vinifera. A raw aqueous extract of grape seeds, skin, and stems is used for AuNPs synthesis. UV-Vis, XPS, SEM, and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies demonstrate the main role of the extract’s polyphenolic components in stabilizing nanoparticles. XRD, DLS, and Zeta Potential analyses were used to characterize AuNPs. Moreover, the ionic strength, pH, and temperature role was investigated through the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) band observation to assess AuNPs’ stability and photostability. For foreseeing the as-synthesized AuNPs’ potential use in cosmetic and biomedical fields as multifunctional platforms, their antioxidant, and skin-lightening properties were tested, together with their sunscreen ability. A preliminary in-vitro evaluation is reported about the AuNPs’ cytoprotective effects against H2O2 oxidative stress-induced in normal human dermal fibroblasts. Briefly, the possibility of reusing the grape pomace waste after the AuNPs synthesis as an adsorbent for the efficient removal of emergent contaminants is preliminarily discussed in the paper, further valorizing the use of waste according to a bio circular approach.
Profiling Distinctive Inflammatory and Redox Responses to Hydrogen Sulfide in Stretched and Stimulated Lung Cells
Authors: Spassov Sashko G. , Faller Simone , Goeft Andreas , Von Itter Marc-Nicolas A. , Birkigt Andreas , Meyerhoefer Peter , Ihle Andreas , Seiler Raphael , Schumann Stefan , Hoetzel Alexander
Published: May 2022

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) protects against stretch-induced lung injury. However, the impact of H2S on individual cells or their crosstalk upon stretch remains unclear. Therefore, we addressed this issue in vitro using relevant lung cells. We have explored (i) the anti-inflammatory properties of H2S on epithelial (A549 and BEAS-2B), macrophage (RAW264.7) and endothelial (HUVEC) cells subjected to cycling mechanical stretch; (ii) the intercellular transduction of inflammation by co-culturing epithelial cells and macrophages (A549 and RAW264.7); (iii) the effect of H2S on neutrophils (Hoxb8) in transmigration (co-culture setup with HUVECs) and chemotaxis experiments. In stretched epithelial cells (A549, BEAS-2B), the release of interleukin-8 was not prevented by H2S treatment. However, H2S reduced macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) release from unstretched macrophages (RAW264.7) co-cultured with stretched epithelial cells. In stretched macrophages, H2S prevented MIP-2 release by limiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-derived superoxide radicals (ROS). In endothelial cells (HUVEC), H2S inhibited interleukin-8 release and preserved endothelial integrity. In neutrophils (Hoxb8), H2S limited MIP-2-induced transmigration through endothelial monolayers, ROS formation and their chemotactic movement. H2S induces anti-inflammatory effects in a cell-type specific manner. H2S limits stretch- and/or paracrine-induced inflammatory response in endothelial, macrophage, and neutrophil cells by maintaining redox homeostasis as underlying mechanism.
High-Temperature Coefficient of Resistance in MoxW1−xS2 Thin Film
Authors: Ko Tsung-Shine , Lin En-Ting , Huang Xin-Wen , Wu Po-Tang , Yang Yi-Lin
Published: May 2022

Despite the use of transition metal dichalcogenides being widespread in various applications, the knowledge and applications of MoxW1−xS2 compounds are relatively limited. In this study, we deposited a MoW alloy on a Si substrate using a sputter system. Consequently, we successfully utilized a furnace to sulfurize the MoW alloy from 800 to 950 °C, which transferred the alloy into a MoxW1−xS2 ternary compound. The Raman spectra of the MoxW1−xS2 samples indicated an additional hybridized Raman peak at 375 cm−1 not present in typical MoS2 and WS2. With increasing sulfurization temperature, the scanning electron microscopy images revealed the surface morphology of the MoxW1−xS2 gradually becoming a sheet-like structure. The X-ray diffraction results showed that the crystal structure of the MoxW1−xS2 tended toward a preferable (002) crystal orientation. The I–V results showed that the resistance of MoxW1−xS2 increased when the samples were sulfurized at a higher temperature due to the more porous structures generated within the thin film. Furthermore, a high-temperature coefficient of resistance for the MoxW1−xS2 thin film sulfurized at 950 °C was about −1.633%/K−1. This coefficient of resistance in a MoxW1−xS2 thin film indicates its suitability for use in thermal sensors.
The Investigation of Key Factors in Polypropylene Extrusion Molding Production Quality
Authors: Chen Dyi-Cheng , Chen Der-Fa , Huang Shih-Ming , Shyr Wen-Jye
Published: May 2022

This study took food-grade polypropylene packaging products as the research project and discussed how to control the polypropylene extrusion sheet thickness and vacuum thermoforming quality and weight. The research objective was to find the key factors for reducing costs and energy consumption. The key aspects that may influence the polypropylene extrusion molding quality control were analyzed using literature and in-depth interviews with scholars and experts. These four main aspects are (1) key factors of polypropylene extrusion sheet production, (2) key factors of the extrusion line design, (3) key factors of polypropylene forming and mold manufacturing, and (4) key factors of mold and thermoforming line equipment design. These were revised and complemented by the scholar and expert group. There are 49 subitems for discussion. Thirteen scholars and experts were invited to use qualitative and quantitative research methods. A Delphi questionnaire survey team was organized to perform three Delphi questionnaire interviews. The statistical analyses of encoded data such as the mean (M), mode (Mo), and standard deviation (SD) of various survey options were calculated. Seeking a more cautious research theory and result, the K-S simple sample test was used to review the fitness and consistency of the scholars’ and experts’ opinions on key subitem factors. There are ten key factors in the production quality, including “A. Main screw pressure”, “B. Polymer temperature”, “C. T-die lips adjustment thickness”, “D. Cooling rolls pressing stability”, “E. Cooling rolls temperature stability”, “F. Extruder main screw geometric design”, “G. Heating controller is stable”, “H. Thermostatic control”, “I. Vacuum pressure”, and “J. Mold forming area design”. The key factors are not just applicable to classical polypropylene extrusion sheet and thermoforming production but also to related process of extrusion and thermoforming techniques in expanded polypropylene (EPP) sheets and polylactic acid (PLA). This study aims to provide a key technical reference for enterprises to improve quality to enhance the competitiveness of products, reduce production costs, and achieve sustainable development, energy savings, and carbon reductions.
Simplifying Text Mining Activities: Scalable and Self-Tuning Methodology for Topic Detection and Characterization
Authors: Di Corso Evelina , Proto Stefano , Vacchetti Bartolomeo , Bethaz Paolo , Cerquitelli Tania
Published: May 2022

In recent years, the number and heterogeneity of large scientific datasets have been growing steadily. Moreover, the analysis of these data collections is not a trivial task. There are many algorithms capable of analyzing large datasets, but parameters need to be set for each of them. Moreover, larger datasets also mean greater complexity. All this leads to the need to develop innovative, scalable, and parameter-free solutions. The goal of this research activity is to design and develop an automated data analysis engine that effectively and efficiently analyzes large collections of text data with minimal user intervention. Both parameter-free algorithms and self-assessment strategies have been proposed to suggest algorithms and specific parameter values for each step that characterizes the analysis pipeline. The proposed solutions have been tailored to text corpora characterized by variable term distributions and different document lengths. In particular, a new engine called ESCAPE (enhanced self-tuning characterization of document collections after parameter evaluation) has been designed and developed. ESCAPE integrates two different solutions for document clustering and topic modeling: the joint approach and the probabilistic approach. Both methods include ad hoc self-optimization strategies to configure the specific algorithm parameters. Moreover, novel visualization techniques and quality metrics have been integrated to analyze the performances of both approaches and to help domain experts interpret the discovered knowledge. Both approaches are able to correctly identify meaningful partitions of a given document corpus by grouping them according to topics.
Modal Decomposition of the Precessing Vortex Core in a Hydro Turbine Model
Authors: Litvinov Ivan , Sharaborin Dmitriy , Gorelikov Evgeny , Dulin Vladimir , Shtork Sergey , Alekseenko Sergey , Oberleithner Kilian
Published: May 2022

We report on the experimental study of a precessing vortex core (PVC) in an air model of a Francis turbine. The focus is placed on the modal decomposition of the PVC that occurs in the draft tube of the model turbine for a range of operation conditions. The turbulent flow fluctuations in the draft tube are assessed using stereo particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) is applied to the antisymmetric and symmetric components of the velocity fields to distinguish the dynamics of the azimuthal instabilities. The pressure pulsations induced by the PVC are measured by four pressure sensors mounted on the wall of the hydro turbine draft tube. Spatial Fourier decomposition is applied to the signals of the pressure sensors to identify the contributions of azimuthal modes, m=1 and m=2, to the total pressure fluctuations. The analysis based on velocity and pressure data shows similar results regarding the identification of the PVC. The contribution of the m=2 mode to the overall turbulent kinetic energy is significant for the part load regimes, where the flow rates are twice as low as at the best efficiency point (BEP). It is also shown that this mode is not the higher harmonic of the PVC, suggesting that it is driven by a different instability. Finally, we show a linear fit of the saturation amplitudes of the m=1 and m=2 oscillations to determine the critical bifurcation points of these modes. This yields critical swirl numbers of Scr=0.47 and 0.61, respectively. The fact that the PVC dynamics in hydro turbines are driven by two individual instabilities is relevant for the development of tailored active flow control of the PVC.
The Response Mechanism of Borehole Shear-Horizontal Transverse-Electric Seismoelectric Waves to Fluid Salinity
Authors: Wang Weihao , Gao Wenyang , Liu Jinxia , Kundu Tribikram , Cui Zhiwen
Published: May 2022

The converted electric field in the seismoelectric effect can be used to monitor the salinity of the reservoir. Compared to some conventional excitation methods (e.g., Monopole source), the response law of borehole shear-horizontal transverse-electric (SH-TE) seismoelectric waves to fluid salinity is unique. In order to explore its physical mechanism, we study the influence of fluid salinity on borehole SH-TE wave fields in this paper. First, to analyze the effect of salinity on the electric field, we simulate the response for different salinity levels inside and outside the borehole. Then we study the wave fields in case of a radial salinity discontinuity outside the borehole, and simulate the interface response by the secant integral method. Finally, we show the feasibility of using the borehole SH-TE wavefields to estimate the salinity interface position combining the slowness-time coherence (STC) method. The results show that the electric field amplitude changes monotonously with the pore fluid salinity level. However, the borehole fluid salinity has almost no effect on the electric field. This is caused by the excitation method and the low frequency of the sound source. An interface converted electromagnetic wave response is generated when an SH wave passes through the salinity discontinuity interface. The interface position estimation examples show that the borehole SH-TE wave field is a potential method to evaluate the behavior and the location of the interface next to the borehole.
TuSeSy: An Intelligent Turntable Servo System for Tracking Aircraft and Parachutes Automatically
Authors: Zhang Zeyang , Pei Zhongcai , Tang Zhiyong , Gu Fei
Published: May 2022

Tracking aircraft and parachutes plays a vital role in airdrop experiments. It is necessary to study a parachute’s open state and flight trajectory. More scholars are looking into how to efficiently and accurately obtain parachute deformation data and trajectory data. At present, the actual data collection primarily involves experimenters holding high-definition high-speed cameras to track and shoot parachutes to obtain the image sequences of the parachutes during the airdrop process. However, these methods cannot obtain the trajectories of the parachutes and they are susceptible to interference from human factors. In this paper, we designed TuSeSy, an intelligent turntable servo system that can track the aircraft and parachutes in airdrop tests automatically. Specifically, TuSeSy generates the control commands according to the differences between the actual taken images and the inferred images by tracking algorithms (so as to actually track the target). In addition, we propose an effective multi-target tracking switch algorithm based on the image frame difference and optical flow, to achieve real-time switching from the aircraft to the parachute in an airdrop test. To evaluate the performance of TuSeSy, we conducted extensive experiments; the experimental results show that TuSeSy not only solves the problem of wrong target tracking, but it also reduces computational overhead. Moreover, the multi-target tracking switch algorithm has higher computing efficiency and reliability compared to other tracking switch approaches, ensuring the practical applications of the turntable servo system.
Monitoring and Analysis of Deformation Refinement Characteristics of a Loess Tunnel Based on 3D Laser Scanning Technology
Authors: Wu Yimin , Zhou Zhuangzhuang , Shao Shuai , Zhao Zhizhong , Hu Kaixun , Wang Sijie
Published: May 2022

Loess tunnels often undergo large-scale deformation with complex spatial and temporal distribution. Mastering the characteristics of spatial and temporal deformation is conducive to precise policy implementation and the control of large deformation of the tunnel. In this study, relying on the Yulinzi Tunnel in Gansu Province, China, based on 3D laser scanning technology, the tunnel was monitored for a short period of 24 h and a long period of 36 days. The refined characteristics of the temporal and spatial deformation of the representative points of the interrupted surface, the tunnel face, and the excavation mileage during the excavation process of the three-bench and seven-step method of the tunnel were analyzed. The results show that the tunnel’s arch has large deformation, and there is twisting deformation. The distribution of the overall deformation of the tunnel is related to the excavation sequence, showing a stepped deformation law. With the construction of the following excavation process, the deformation rate of the tunnel always indicates the characteristics of significant in the early stage and small in the later stage, and the overall deformation changes with time in accordance with the distribution law of the exponential function. The research results provide a reference for predicting the deformation development trend of loess tunnels and providing reasonable deformation control methods.
Elastic Modulus Prediction Model of Foamed Concrete Based on the Walsh Formula
Authors: Zhou Zhong , Hu Jiangfeng , Li Fan , Zhang Junjie , Lei Mingfeng
Published: May 2022

Foamed concrete consists of cement matrix and air-foam and has more complicated structure characteristics than normal concrete. However, current research on the elastic modulus of foamed concrete is still limited to empirical equations. In this work, a new theoretical prediction model was proposed for calculating the elastic modulus of foamed concrete. The elastic modulus calculation model for the spherical shell element of foamed concrete is constructed based on the Walsh formula and the assumption of spherical pores. Moreover, the theoretical prediction model is established by introducing the two-layer embedded model for the elastic modulus of foamed concrete. Then, the compressive test is employed to verify the accuracy of the model. The results show that the elastic modulus of foamed concrete decreases with the increase in porosity and matrix Poisson’s ratio, and increases with the increase in the matrix elastic modulus. The research results can improve the mechanical theories of foamed concrete materials and have good engineering application values.
Correction: Liu et al. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii Effects of a Novel Spider Peptide XYP1 In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2021, 9, 934
Authors: Liu Yuan , Tang Yaqin , Tang Xing , Wu Mengqi , Hou Shengjie , Liu Xiaohua , Li Jing , Deng Meichun , Huang Shuaiqin , Jiang Liping
Published: May 2022

In the original publication, there were mistakes in Figure 3C, Figure 6B and Figure S2A,B as published [...]
Tendon Healing Response Is Dependent on Epithelial–Mesenchymal–Tendon Transition State of Amniotic Epithelial Stem Cells
Authors: Russo Valentina , Mauro Annunziata , Peserico Alessia , Di Giacinto Oriana , Khatib Mohammad El , Citeroni Maria Rita , Rossi Emanuela , Canciello Angelo , Mazzotti Eleonora , Barboni Barbara
Published: May 2022

Tendinopathies are at the frontier of advanced responses to health challenges and sectoral policy targets. Cell-based therapy holds great promise for tendon disorder resolution. To verify the role of stepwise trans-differentiation of amniotic epithelial stem cells (AECs) in tendon regeneration, in the present research three different AEC subsets displaying an epithelial (eAECs), mesenchymal (mAECs), and tendon-like (tdAECs) phenotype were allotransplanted in a validated experimental sheep Achilles tendon injury model. Tissue healing was analyzed adopting a comparative approach at two early healing endpoints (14 and 28 days). All three subsets of transplanted cells were able to accelerate regeneration: mAECs with a lesser extent than eAECs and tdAECs as indicated in the summary of the total histological scores (TSH), where at day 28 eAECs and tdAECs had better significant scores with respect to mAEC-treated tendons (p < 0.0001). In addition, the immunomodulatory response at day 14 showed in eAEC-transplanted tendons an upregulation of pro-regenerative M2 macrophages with respect to mAECs and tdAECs (p < 0.0001). In addition, in all allotransplanted tendons there was a favorable IL10/IL12 compared to CTR (p < 0.001). The eAECs and tdAECs displayed two different underlying regenerative mechanisms in the tendon. The eAECs positively influenced regeneration mainly through their greater ability to convey in the host tissue the shift from pro-inflammatory to pro-regenerative responses, leading to an ordered extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and blood vessel remodeling. On the other hand, the transplantation of tdAECs acted mainly on the proliferative phase by impacting the density of ECM and by supporting a prompt recovery, inducing a low cellularity and angle alignment of the host cell compartment. These results support the idea that AECs lay the groundwork for production of different cell phenotypes that can orient tendon regeneration through a crosstalk with the host tissue. In particular, the obtained evidence suggests that eAECs are a practicable and efficient strategy for the treatment of acute tendinopathies, thus reinforcing the grounds to move their use towards clinical practice.
Hydraulic Structures as a Key Component of Sustainable Water Management at the Catchment Scale—Case Study of the Rgilewka River (Central Poland)
Authors: Nowak Bogumił , Ptak Mariusz , Bartczak Jan , Sojka Mariusz
Published: May 2022

Poland is among the European countries with the lowest water resources. The central part of Poland features the least water resources in the country. In this region, proper water management is particularly critical to maintaining high agricultural productivity. The objective of this study was to present the effects of the restoration of hydrotechnical infrastructure in the Rgilewka River catchment in the zone of the greatest water deficits. This paper analyses the effects of such works on water resources and their management. The catchment featured seven weirs in 2014, all built in the 1950s. Due to the lack of maintenance and ongoing renovation, they have lost their basic functions. In 2014, modernisation of the system commenced by rebuilding all the existing weirs. Two new weirs were also constructed. The work was completed in 2021. The currently existing weirs provide greater water retention and management capabilities. The direct impact of weirs ranges from 1.9 to 3.5 ha, their indirect impact from 34 to 70 ha, and the river channel retention varies from 2200 to 5400 m3. Total water retention in the Rgilewka River channel due to the modernisation of hydrotechnical infrastructure reaches 25,400 m3. The direct (total) impact range will cover an area of 16.4 ha, and the indirect impact range an area of 284 ha.
Characterization of the Immune Response to PD-1 Blockade during Chemoradiotherapy for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Callejas-Valera Juan L. , Vermeer Daniel W. , Lucido Christopher T. , Williamson Caitlin , Killian Marisela , Vermeer Paola D. , Spanos William C. , Powell Steven F.
Published: May 2022

Background: Chemoradiotherapy is a standard treatment for HNSCC. Blockade of the PD-1/L1-2 interaction may represent a target to overcome immune escape during this treatment. Methods: Utilizing a HNSCC mEERL C57BL/6 mouse model, we evaluated a PD-1 blockade alone or in combination with cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy. Next, we evaluated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with relative PD-1, TIM-3, and LAG-3 expression, and myeloid-derived suppressor-like (MDSC-like) populations from a clinical trial evaluating PD-1 blockade with chemoradiotherapy in HNSCC. Finally, we analyzed the effect of therapy on human T-cell clonality through T-cell Receptor (TCR) sequencing. Results: Anti-PD-1 monotherapy induced no response in the mEERL model; however, combination with chemoradiotherapy improved tumor clearance and survival. PBMCs from patients treated with this combination therapy demonstrate a decline in circulating T-cell populations with knockdown of PD-1 expressing CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+ T cells during treatment. However, TIM-3, LAG-3 expressing T-cell and MDSC-like populations concordantly rose. During treatment, the TCR repertoire demonstrates overall clonal expansion, with both unique and previously reported T-cell clones. Conclusions: Our murine HNSCC model demonstrates efficacy of PD-1 blockade during chemoradiotherapy. However, while PD-1-expressing T cells decreased with this therapy, human PBMC findings also identified an increase in populations contributing to immune exhaustion. These findings further characterize PD-1 blockade during chemoradiotherapy for HNSCC and highlight potential competing mechanisms of immune evasion.
Fertility after Cancer: Risks and Successes
Authors: Di Tucci Chiara , Galati Giulia , Mattei Giulia , Chinè Alessandra , Fracassi Alice , Muzii Ludovico
Published: May 2022

The incidence of cancer in reproductive-aged women is 7%, but, despite the increased number of cancer cases, advances in early diagnosis and treatment have raised the survival rate. Furthermore, in the last four decades, there has been a rising trend of delaying childbearing. There has been an increasing number of couples referred to Reproductive Medicine Centers for infertility problems after one partner has been treated for cancer. In these cases, the main cause of reduced fertility derives from treatments. In this review, we describe the effects and the risks of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery in women with cancer, and we will focus on available fertility preservation techniques and their efficacy in terms of success in pregnancy and live birth rates.