bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THP‐1 reference data: Proposal of an in vitro branched evolution model for cancer cell lines
Authors: Kasai Fumio , Hirayama Noriko , Fukushima Makoto , Kohara Arihiro , Nakamura Yukio
Published: April 2022

THP‐1 is a representative leukemia cell line and is registered with four different numbers in JCRB and RIKEN BRC cell banks. However, differences between these four lines remain unclear. In our study, these four THP‐1 cell lines, JCRB0112, JCRB0112.1 (corresponding to ATCC TIB‐202), RCB1189 (DSMZ ACC‐16) and RCB3686, have been compared at chromosome and DNA sequence levels. Our results reveal that ploidy has been changed in JCRB0112 and RCB1189, which are triploid and tetraploid, respectively. Patterns of variant frequencies from target sequencing are unique to each ploidy, estimating whole genomic status based on partial sequence data. SNP microarrays showed four distinct profiles with a large‐scale loss of heterozygosity, reflected in subtle differences in STR genotypes. Transcriptome patterns suggest that JCRB0112.1 has diverged highly from the other three lines. RCB1189 and JCRB0112.1 responded to PMA faster than RCB3686 and JCRB0112. We have identified RCB3686 as the closest to the original THP‐1, which can be an optimal model of AML‐M5. These four THP‐1 genomes and transcriptomes exhibit significant differences, indicating four independent sublines and demonstrating the influence of genetic drift on gene expression. As these cells share the same name, THP‐1 must be accompanied by their registration number of each cell repository. Our data provide genomic features of four THP‐1 sublines and serve as a reference profile to classify widely spread THP‐1 progenies, which could be distinguished by a comparison of 24 STR markers. Multiple sublines can be generated by separate cell cultures, which would be explained by in vitro branched evolution.
Inside Cover
Authors: Yan Min , Wu Mei X.
Published: April 2022

Exhausting exercise results in hypoxia in muscle cells and impedes myotube differentiation from myoblasts, a process involving active biogenesis of nuclei and mitochondria. The impediment was however substantially mitigated by pretreatment of myoblasts with low‐level light therapy (Pre‐LLL). Pre‐LLL, but not post‐LLL, significantly enhanced glucose uptake, prevented energy metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis, suppressed lactate production, and restored myoblast differentiation into myotubes under hypoxic conditions.

Further details can be found in the article by Min Yan and Mei X. Wu (e202100246)

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Anti-Mullerian Hormone as Predictor of Future and Ongoing Bone Loss During the Menopause Transition
Authors: Karlamangla Arun S , Shieh Albert , Greendale Gail A , Yu Elaine W , Burnett-Bowie Sherri-Ann M , Sluss Patrick M , Martin Deborah , Morrison Anthony , Finkelstein Joel S
Published: April 2022

The menopause transition in women is a period of significant bone loss, with rapid declines in bone mineral density (BMD) commencing a year before the final menstrual period (FMP). Changes in menstrual bleeding patterns cannot reliably tell us if this rapid bone loss has begun or is imminent. We hypothesized that low circulating levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), which decline as women approach the FMP, would be associated with future and ongoing rapid bone loss. We used data from The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation, a multisite, multi-ethnic, prospective cohort study of the menopause transition to test this hypothesis. Adjusted for age, body mass index, race/ethnicity, and study site, every 50% decrement in AMH level in premenopause and early perimenopause was associated with 0.14% per year faster decline over the following 3 to 4 years in lumbar spine BMD and 0.11% per year faster decline in femoral neck BMD (p < 0.001 for both). AMH in late perimenopause was not associated with the rate of future BMD decline. AMH was also associated with the magnitude of ongoing bone loss, measured as percent of peak BMD lost by the end of the next 2 to 3 years. Every 50% decrement in AMH level was associated with 0.22% additional loss in spine BMD in premenopause, 0.43% additional loss in early perimenopause, and 0.50% additional loss in late perimenopause (p < 0.001 for all three). If a woman will lose more of her peak BMD than the site-specific least significant change (LSC) at either the lumbar spine or femoral neck by the next 2 to 3 years, then AMH below 100 pg/mL will detect it with sensitivity of 50% in premenopause, 80% in early perimenopause, and 98% in late perimenopause. These findings suggest that AMH measurement can help flag women at the brink of significant bone loss for early intervention. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Inhibition of MAC30 exerts antitumor effects in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via affecting the Akt/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Tian Qi , Gao Huan , Zhao Andi , Shao Yuan , Yang Jin
Published: April 2022

Meningioma‐associated protein 30 (MAC30) is a vital modulator of malignant transformation in numerous cancers. Yet, the involvement of MAC30 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is undetermined. This study was devoted to the study of the function of MAC30 in NPC, along with the molecular mechanism of its involvement in disease progression. This study showed an elevated level of MAC30 in NPC tissues and cell lines. MAC30 silencing impeded the proliferation, colony formation, and invasion of NPC cells, while MAC30 upregulation had the opposite effects. MAC30 regulated the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway via affecting the protein kinase B (Akt)/glycogen synthase kinase‐3β axis. Akt inhibition markedly abrogated the MAC30‐mediated activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Restoration of β‐catenin reversed MAC30 silencing‐induced tumor‐inhibiting effects. Knockdown of MAC30 weakened the tumorigenic potential of NPC cells in vivo. This study elucidates the fact that inhibition of MAC30 produces antitumor effects in NPC via affecting the Akt/Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
CO2 trapping of selected N‐heterocyclic vinylidenes with an NBO mechanistic scrutiny by DFT
Authors: Soroudi Shadi , Kassaee Mohamad Zaman
Published: April 2022

Trapping of CO2 is probed by a set of three N‐heterocyclic vinylidene minima, from the azole family, including imidazole (1), 1,2,4‐triazole (2), and tetrazole (3), at M06‐2X/6‐311++G** level of theory. Exothermic adsorption of CO2 over 1, 2, and 3 gives the initial CO2‐complex, 1a, 2a, and 3a, with no transition state (TS). Consequently, carbenic π‐additions to CO2 (within 1a, 2a, and 3a) may give reactant‐like, three‐membered cyclic TSs, which lead to the exothermic formation of 1b > 2b > 3b. Alternatively, CO2 intramolecular reactions within 1a, 2a, and 3a may result in the formation of the product‐like, five‐membered cyclic TSs, which lead to the endothermic formation of unstable side products 1c, 2c, and 3c, which revert to 1a, 2a, and 3a, respectively. Hence, this manuscript focuses on the main CO2 trapped products (1b, 2b, and 3b), and takes advantage of the immense potential of the NBO and AIM data in elucidating their formation provisional mechanisms. Unprecedentedly, contributions of different donor‐acceptor interacting orbitals to the formation of each product are assessed on the basis of their second‐order perturbation stabilization energy (E2) values.
Silencing oncogene cell division cycle associated 5 induces apoptosis and G1 phase arrest of non‐small cell lung cancer cells via p53‐p21 signaling pathway
Authors: Shen Wei , Tong Dimin , Chen Jie , Li Hongxiang , Hu Zeyang , Xu Shuguang , He Sufang , Ge Zhen , Zhang Jianan , Mao Qiqi , Chen Hang , Xu Guodong
Published: April 2022

Backgrounds

As a regulator of cell cycle, cell division cycle‐associated 5 (CDCA5) is involved in the progression of various malignant tumors. However, the potential relationship between CDCA5 and lung cancer has not been reported.

Methods

In our study, we analyzed the expression of CDCA5 in a variety of malignant tumors, performed Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), explored the potential relationship between CDCA5 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, assessed the predictive capability of at different stages of clinicopathological characteristics, revealed the enriched functions and signaling pathways among LUAD paitents with high CDCA5 expression, and investigated the correlation between PD‐1, PD‐L1, and CDCA5 through bioinformatics analyses. Subsequently, we performed quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) and western blotting (WB) to demonstrate that CDCA5 mediates the p53‐p21 pathway and regulates the cell cycle.

Result

CDCA5 is probably involved in the occurrence and development of NSCLC, and function as a reliable biomarker for predicting the survival outcomes of patients with early stage of patients with LUAD. Furthermore, CDCA5 may be a promising indicator of immunotherapy efficacy. In addition, silencing the expression of CDCA5 significantly increased the proportion of apoptotic NSCLC cells, and caused NSCLC cells to be arrested in the G1 phase.

Conslusion

In conclusion, CDCA5 regulated the cell cycle of NSCLC cells by mediating the p53‐p21 signaling pathway, participating in the development and progression of NSCLC patients.
Hsa_circ_0058129 regulates papillary thyroid cancer development via miR‐873‐5p/follistatin‐like 1 axis
Authors: Tan Xiangrong , Zhao Jiazheng , Lou Jianlin , Zheng Wen , Wang Peng
Published: April 2022

Background

Papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) is an endocrine malignancy with a high incidence. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) participate in regulating PTC. Here, we analyzed the role of hsa_circ_0058129 (circ_0058129) in PTC.

Methods

The expression of circ_0058129, fibronectin 1 (FN1) mRNA, microRNA‐873‐5p (miR‐873‐5p), and follistatin‐like 1 (FSTL1) was detected by qRT‐PCR and western blot. Cell proliferation was analyzed by CCK‐8, EdU, and flow cytometry analysis assays. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by Transwell assay. The targeting relationship of miR‐873‐5p and circ_0058129 or FSTL1 was identified through dual‐luciferase reporter assay, RIP assay, and RNA pull‐down assay. Xenograft mouse model assay was implemented to determine the effect of circ_0058129 on tumor formation in vivo.

Results

The circ_0058129 and FSTL1 abundances were increased, while the miR‐873‐5p content was decreased in PTC tissues and cells compared with control groups. Circ_0058129 shortage inhibited PTC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, miR‐873‐5p repressed PTC cell malignancy by binding to FSTL1. Circ_0058129 targeted miR‐873‐5p to regulate FSTL1.

Conclusion

Circ_0058129 expedited PTC progression through the miR‐873‐5p/FSTL1 pathway.
Evaluation of Lorlatinib Cerebrospinal Fluid Concentrations in Relation to Target Concentrations for Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Inhibition
Authors: Sun Steven , Pithavala Yazdi K. , Martini Jean‐François , Chen Joseph
Published: April 2022

Lorlatinib is a third‐generation, brain‐penetrant anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and c‐ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with robust intracranial activity in patients with ALK‐ or ROS1‐positive non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Data from the ongoing open‐label, single‐arm, multicenter, phase‐1/2 study of lorlatinib in patients with metastatic ALK‐ or ROS1‐positive NSCLC were used to further investigate the potential brain penetration of lorlatinib. Patients received escalating lorlatinib doses (10–200 mg once daily or 35–100 mg twice daily) or the approved dosing (100 mg daily). Plasma was collected from all patients, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected at baseline and during the study from 5 patients with suspected or confirmed leptomeningeal carcinomatosis or carcinomatous meningitis. For those 5 patients, lorlatinib concentrations ranged from 2.64 to 125 ng/mL in the CSF and from 12.7 to 457 ng/mL in the plasma; free plasma concentrations ranged from 4.318 to 155.385 ng/mL. The CSF/free plasma ratio was 0.77 (R2 = 0.96 and P < .001). Using a post‐hoc population pharmacokinetic model, the average steady‐state unbound plasma concentration of lorlatinib was derived and the CSF concentration was estimated for all patients. Known minimum efficacy concentrations (Ceff) for wild‐type and mutated (L1196M and G1202R) ALK were used to derive central nervous system (CNS) Ceff. Estimated CNS concentrations exceeded the derived CNS Ceff values in all patients for wild‐type ALK and the ALK L1196M mutation, and in 35.8% of patients for the ALK G1202R mutation. Projected lorlatinib CNS concentrations were consistent with the high intracranial response rates reported in clinical trials and provide further evidence of the potent CNS penetration of lorlatinib.
Involvement of Parkin‐mediated mitophagy in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease‐related sarcopenia
Authors: Ito Akihiko , Hashimoto Mitsuo , Tanihata Jun , Matsubayashi Sachi , Sasaki Ryoko , Fujimoto Shota , Kawamoto Hironori , Hosaka Yusuke , Ichikawa Akihiro , Kadota Tsukasa , Fujita Yu , Takekoshi Daisuke , Ito Sabro , Minagawa Shunsuke , Numata Takanori , Hara Hiromichi , Matsuoka Tatsuki , Udaka Jun , Araya Jun , Saito Mitsuru , Kuwano Kazuyoshi
Published: April 2022

Background

Sarcopenia is characterized by the loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength and is associated with poor prognosis in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure, a major cause for COPD, induces mitochondrial damage, which has been implicated in sarcopenia pathogenesis. The current study sought to examine the involvement of insufficient Parkin‐mediated mitophagy, a mitochondrion‐selective autophagy, in the mechanisms by which dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the development of COPD‐related sarcopenia.

Methods

The involvement of Parkin‐mediated mitophagy was examined using in vitro models of myotube formation, in vivo CS‐exposure model using Parkin−/− mice, and human muscle samples from patients with COPD‐related sarcopenia.

Results

Cigarette smoke extract (CSE) induced myotube atrophy with concomitant 30% reduction in Parkin expression levels (P < 0.05). Parkin‐mediated mitophagy regulated myotube atrophy by modulating mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial ROS production. Increased mitochondrial ROS was responsible for myotube atrophy by activating Muscle Ring Finger 1 (MuRF‐1)‐mediated myosin heavy chain (MHC) degradation. Parkin−/− mice with prolonged CS exposure showed enhanced limb muscle atrophy with a 31.7% reduction in limb muscle weights (P < 0.01) and 2.3 times greater MuRF‐1 expression (P < 0.01) compared with wild‐type mice with concomitant accumulation of damaged mitochondria and oxidative modifications in 4HNE expression. Patients with COPD‐related sarcopenia exhibited significantly reduced Parkin but increased MuRF‐1 protein levels (35% lower and 2.5 times greater protein levels compared with control patients, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) and damaged mitochondria accumulation demonstrated in muscles. Electric pulse stimulation‐induced muscle contraction prevented CSE‐induced MHC reduction by maintaining Parkin levels in myotubes.

Conclusions

Taken together, COPD‐related sarcopenia can be attributed to insufficient Parkin‐mediated mitophagy and increased mitochondrial ROS causing enhanced muscle atrophy through MuRF‐1 activation, which may be at least partly preventable through optimal physical exercise.
Clinical features and prognostic analysis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in children
Authors: Deng Ting , Zhang Xinyu , Peng Xiaoling , Peng Hailun , He Ling , Hu Yue
Published: April 2022

Background

We aimed to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in children.

Methods

Clinical data of children with PRES diagnosed at the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from June 2015 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

Results

The study enrolled 47 patients with a mean age at diagnosis of 8.79 ± 3.72 years (range, 2–15 years). PRES causes included renal disorder (29/47), hematological disease (13/47), and hypertension (5/47). PRES manifested as seizure (43/47), headache (28/47), visual impairment (18/47), dizziness (18/47), vomiting (18/47), and mental and behavioral abnormalities (17/47). Forty‐six children had hypertension (46/47) at PRES onset. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) mainly involved the parietal and occipital lobes (42/47), 38 cases were mild (38/47), seven were moderate (7/47), and two were severe (2/47). The clinical symptoms of 41 patients (41/47) were relieved within 1–2 weeks. Thirty‐seven children were followed up for 7–54 months (modified Rankin Scale). Twenty‐five children had favorable outcomes (25/37). Twelve children had adverse outcomes (12/37), including epilepsy, disorders of consciousness, visual impairment, and mental decline. Analysis of single factors revealed that severity on MRI, length of in‐hospital stay, and mental and behavioral abnormalities were related to adverse outcomes after PRES. Analysis of multiple factors revealed that severity on MRI and length of in‐hospital stay were independent risk factors for PRES.

Conclusion

Pediatric PRES is a clinical radiographic syndrome with multiple etiologies. Most patients have a good prognosis. Severity on MRI and length of in‐hospital stay are independent risk factors.
Detection and identification of coronaviruses in human tissues using electron microscopy
Authors: Bullock Hannah A. , Goldsmith Cynthia S. , Miller Sara E.
Published: April 2022

The identification of viral particles within a tissue specimen requires specific knowledge of viral ultrastructure and replication, as well as a thorough familiarity with normal subcellular organelles. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) pandemic has underscored how challenging the task of identifying coronavirus by electron microscopy (EM) can be. Numerous articles have been published mischaracterizing common subcellular structures, including clathrin‐ or coatomer‐ coated vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and rough endoplasmic reticulum, as coronavirus particles in SARS‐CoV‐2 positive patient tissue specimens. To counter these misinterpretations, we describe the morphological features of coronaviruses that should be used to differentiate coronavirus particles from subcellular structures. Further, as many of the misidentifications of coronavirus particles have stemmed from attempts to attribute tissue damage to direct infection by SARS‐CoV‐2, we review articles describing ultrastructural changes observed in specimens from SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected individuals that do not necessarily provide EM evidence of direct viral infection. Ultrastructural changes have been observed in respiratory, cardiac, kidney, and intestinal tissues, highlighting the widespread effects that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection may have on the body, whether through direct viral infection or mediated by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection‐induced inflammatory and immune processes.

Highlights

The identification of coronavirus particles in SARS‐CoV‐2 positive tissues continues to be a challenging task. This review provides examples of coronavirus ultrastructure to aid in the differentiation of the virus from common cellular structures.
P‐FLUX: A phosphorus budget dataset spanning diverse agricultural production systems in the United States and Canada
Authors: Williams M. R. , Welikhe P. , Bos J. , King K. , Akland M. , Augustine D. , Baffaut C. , Beck E.G. , Bierer A. , Bosch D.D. , Boughton E. , Brandani C. , Brooks E. , Buda A. , Cavigelli M. , Faulkner J. , Feyereisen G. , Fortuna A. , Gamble J. , Hanrahan B. , Hussain M. , Kohmann M. , Kovar J. , Lee B. , Leytem A. , Liebig M. , Line D. , Macrae M. , Moorman T. , Moriasi D. , Nelson N. , Ortega‐Pieck A. , Osmond D. , Pisani O. , Ragosta J. , Reba M. , Saha A. , Sanchez J. , Silveira M. , Smith D. , Spiegal S. , Swain H. , Unrine J. , Webb P. , White K. , Wilson H. , Yasarer L.
Published: April 2022

Quantifying spatial and temporal fluxes of phosphorus (P) within and among agricultural production systems is critical for sustaining agricultural production while minimizing environmental impacts. To better understand P fluxes in agricultural landscapes, P‐FLUX, a detailed and harmonized dataset of P inputs, outputs, and budgets, as well as estimated uncertainties for each P flux and budget, was developed. Data were collected from 24 research sites and 61 production systems through the Long‐term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network and partner organizations spanning 22 U.S. states and 2 Canadian provinces. The objectives of this paper are to (a) present and provide a description of the P‐FLUX dataset, (b) provide summary analyses of the agricultural production systems included in the dataset and the variability in P inputs and outputs across systems, and (c) provide details for accessing the dataset, dataset limitations, and an example of future use. P‐FLUX includes information on select site characteristics (area, soil series), crop rotation, P inputs (P application rate, source, timing, placement, P in irrigation water, atmospheric deposition), P outputs (crop removal, hydrologic losses), P budgets (agronomic budget, overall budget), uncertainties associated with each flux and budget, and data sources. Phosphorus fluxes and budgets vary across agricultural production systems and are useful resources to improve P use efficiency and develop management strategies to mitigate environmental impacts of agricultural systems. P‐FLUX is available for download through the USDA Ag Data Commons (https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1523365).
Method development and validation for analysis of phenylalanine, 4‐hydroxyphenyllactic acid and 4‐hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid in serum and urine
Authors: Hughes Andrew T. , Milan Anna M. , Shweihdi Ella , Gallagher James , Ranganath Lakshminarayan
Published: April 2022

Alkaptonuria (AKU) is a rare debilitating autosomal recessive disorder of tyrosine (TYR) metabolism which results in a deficiency of the enzyme homogentisate 1,2‐dioxygenase activity. Several studies have reported the metabolic changes in homogentisic acid (HGA) concentrations and subsequent deposition of an ochronotic pigment in connective tissues, especially cartilage. Treatment with nitisinone (NTBC) reduces urinary and circulating HGA, but its mode of action results in hypertyrosinaemia. The effect of NTBC on other metabolites in the TYR pathway has not been reported. Modification of the current reverse phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods for serum and urine to include phenylalanine (PHE), hydroxyphenyllactate (HPLA) and hydroxyphenylpyruvate (HPPA) has been validated. HPPA and HPLA (negative ionisation) eluted at 2.8 and 2.9 min respectively on an Atlantis C18 column with PHE (positive ionisation) eluting earlier at 2.4 min. Intra‐ and inter‐assay accuracy was between 96.3% and 100.3% for PHE; 96.6% and 110.5% for HPLA and 95.0% and 107.8% for HPPA in both urine and serum. Precision, both inter‐ and intra‐assay, was <10% for all analytes in both serum and urine. No significant issues with carry‐over, stability or matrix interferences were seen in either the urine or serum assays. Measurement of serum and urine from AKU patients has demonstrated a robust, fully validated assay, appropriate for monitoring of patients with AKU and for demonstrating metabolite changes, following NTBC therapy.
Iliocapsularis: An exploration of the muscle and its omission in education
Authors: Breckling Abbey C. M. , Katrikh Aaron Z. , Jones Michael W. , Ferrigno Christopher
Published: April 2022

Anterior hip joint musculature is classically characterized to include iliacus, psoas major, rectus femoris, and sartorius muscles. A lesser‐known muscle, iliocapsularis muscle (ICm), has made infrequent appearances in the literature for the last ~70 years, but potentially has important functional and clinical value. The purpose of this study is to review the historical prevalence of the ICm in peer‐reviewed literature (PRL), further explore the prevalence of the muscle in current anatomical textbooks (ATBs), characterize the muscle with a new series of dissections, assess the muscle's perceived importance to clinicians and educators, and comment on the possible functional significance of the muscle. The ICm was mentioned in 28 peer‐reviewed articles and the muscle was present in 518 of 521 (99%) dissected hips in 13 publications which assessed prevalence. In an audit of 30 recently published ATBs, three texts mentioned the ICm. In 28 anterior hip dissections performed in the current study, the muscle was present in all hips. Anatomy educators were surveyed to determine if the ICm was presently taught in their curricula, and clinicians of various specialties were surveyed regarding their perceptions of the ICm and its clinical relevance. The ICm inclusivity within anatomical curricula from educators reported 8.5%, while 4% of clinicians reported trainees should have an educational background of the ICm. This study confirms that while the ICm is present within PRL, and is ubiquitous amongst human‐donor dissection, the ICm is not mentioned in most ATBs and is absent in the vast majority of anatomical curricula. Lack of inclusion in curricula may lead to a perceived insignificance to currently practicing clinicians despite the potential functional importance at the hip. This discordance suggests that the ICm should be included in ATBs and anatomical curricula so that future clinicians can consider the ICm when evaluating and treating patients.
Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of the olfactory organ cardinal tetra, Paracheirodon axelrodi (Characiformes: Characidae)
Authors: Rincón‐Camacho Laura , Jungblut Lucas D. , Pandolfi Matías , Pozzi Andrea G.
Published: April 2022

The cardinal tetra Paracheirodon axelrodi belongs to the family Characidae, an economically important and morphologically diverse family of fishes. Information on the olfactory system of this species is scattered and scarce. Among teleost fishes, differences exist in the shape, number, and arrangement of the olfactory lamellae, in the distribution of the sensory and nonsensory epithelium, as well as in the abundance of various receptor cell types. Here, an anatomical and morphological description of the olfactory system was carried out using light microscopic histology, immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. P. axelrodi is a ditremous and isosmat species. It has an arrow‐shaped olfactory rosette arrangement. The olfactory epithelium is covering the 12–14 lamellae of the olfactory rosette and, using scanning electron microscopy, we observed that the apical surface of the olfactory epithelium carries a dense layer of mucus. Based on the histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural descriptions, all characteristic sensory and nonsensory cell types of the olfactory epithelium of teleost fish were identified. Three types of olfactory receptor neurons were identified: ciliated, microvilli, and crypt cells. The distribution of sensory and nonsensory cell types is like that described in Aphyocharax anisitsi, another species of the Characidae family. A. anisitsi inhabits slow‐flowing water bodies with high‐density vegetation such as P. axelrodi.
Being away from home for cancer treatment: a qualitative study of patient experience and supportive care needs during radiation therapy
Authors: Knibbs Vanessa , Manley Stephen
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Supportive care needs (SCN) refer to support required by patients and their families to better cope with cancer. Many rural radiation therapy (RT) patients stay away from home for significant periods, which can lead to the negative effects of both social isolation and cultural disparity. They may demonstrate complex SCN. This study aimed to explore experiences of being away from home by considering patient perspectives of their own SCN. The objectives were to provide a deeper understanding of how these patients think and feel and present a foundation of patient‐centred insights for further research.

Methods

Thirteen patients participated in semi‐structured interviews; all stayed away from home for RT at the North Coast Cancer Institute for >3 days a week for >3 weeks. The data were subject to interpretive phenomenological analysis: a thorough process of understanding and analysis that is accompanied by reflection to improve researcher transparency.

Results

Two themes influenced patient experiences of their care: values and identity, and expectations. Patients discussed the value they place on rural life, community connections and health care and referred to information for managing expectations. SCN discussed fell into practical, physical and psycho‐social needs.

Conclusions

Experiences of culturally appropriate patient‐centred supportive care improve control and confidence. Patient well‐being is influenced by compassionate, caring and respectful connections with others. Several practical ways of managing expectations and promoting the psycho‐social well‐being of patients are discussed, for example, tailored packing lists and easy access to green spaces. Future research can be shaped by lived experiences.
Experimental techniques and terminology in gas‐phase ion spectroscopy
Authors: Pereverzev Aleksandr , Roithová Jana
Published: April 2022

This perspective gives an overview of the action spectroscopy methods for measurements of electronic, vibrational, and rotational spectra of mass‐selected ions in the gas phase. We classify and give a short overview of the existing experimental approaches in this field. There is currently a plethora of names used for, essentially, the same techniques. Hence within this overview, we scrutinized the notations and suggested terms to be generally used. The selection was either driven by making the name unique and straightforward or the term being the most broadly used one. We believe that a simplification and a unification of the notation in ion spectroscopy can make this field better accessible for experts outside the mass spectrometry community where the applications of gas‐phase action ion spectroscopy can make a large impact.
Space use and site fidelity of wintering whooping cranes on the Texas Gulf Coast
Authors: Butler Matthew J. , Stewart David R. , Harris Grant M. , Bidwell Mark T. , Pearse Aaron T.
Published: April 2022

The Aransas‐Wood Buffalo population (the only non‐reintroduced, migratory population) of endangered whooping cranes (Grus americana) overwinters along the Texas Gulf Coast, USA. Understanding whooping crane space use on the wintering grounds reveals essential aspects of this species' ecology, which subsequently assists with conservation. Using global positioning system telemetry data from marked whooping cranes during 2009–2017, we fit continuous‐time stochastic process models to describe movement and home range using autocorrelated kernel density estimation (AKDE) and explored variation in home range size in relation to age, sex, reproductive status, and drought conditions. We used the Bhattacharyya coefficient of overlap and distance between home range centroids to quantify site fidelity. We examined the effects of time between winter home ranges and the sex of the crane on site fidelity using Bayesian mixed‐effects beta regression. Winter whooping crane 95% AKDE home range size averaged 30.1 ± 45.2 (SD) km2 (median = 14.3, range = 1.1–308.6). Home ranges of sub‐adult females were approximately 2 times larger than those of sub‐adult males or families. As drought worsened, home ranges typically expanded. Between consecutive years, the home ranges of an adult crane exhibited 68 ± 31% overlap (site fidelity), but fidelity to winter sites declined in subsequent winters. The overlap of adult home ranges with the nearest unrelated family averaged 33 ± 28%. As a whooping crane aged, overlap with its winter home range as a juvenile declined, regardless of sex. By 4 years of age, a whooping crane had approximately 14 ± 28% overlap with its juvenile winter home range. Limited evidence suggested male whooping cranes return to within 2 km of their juvenile home range by their fifth winter. Previous data obtained from aerial surveys led ecologists to assume that whooping crane families normally used small areas (~2 km2) and expressed persistent site fidelity. Our analyses showed <8% of families had home ranges ≤2 km2, with the average area 15 times greater, and waning site fidelity over time. Our work represents an analysis of whooping crane home ranges for this population, identifying past misconceptions of winter space use and resulting in better estimates of space requirements for future conservation efforts.
Effects of water cooling on laser‐induced thermal damage in rat hepatectomy
Authors: Shan Liyu , Wang Rongfeng , Wang Yue , Chen Huan , Wei Shasha , Dong Dinghui , Lv Yi , Ma Tao
Published: April 2022

Purpose

High‐powered lasers are commonly used for tissue resection in surgeries, including liver resection, medically known as hepatectomy; however, such lasers inevitably induce thermal damage that causes postoperative complications. This study aims to explore the effects of water cooling and different laser output modes on laser‐induced thermal damage during hepatectomy.

Methods

To avoid the influence of superposition, a 980‐nm diode laser was used for a single‐point hepatectomy. Eighteen Sprague–Dawley rats were used to explore the effects of water cooling and different laser output modes. A constant energy 10‐J laser was used to cut the liver tissue with a power of 10 W and time of 1 second. The rats were randomly divided into six groups. The first three groups were assigned as test subjects for different laser output modes. Group 1 was operated with a continuous laser output for a duration of 1 second. Groups 2 and 3 were operated with a pulsed laser output for a duration of 1 second and a pulse width of 0.5 and 0.25 seconds, respectively. Groups 4, 5, and 6 were assigned for the water cooling test. Water cooling was performed based on the parameters of the first three groups. Medical saline (0.9% NaCl) was used for water cooling. The main observation indicators were resection efficiency and thermal damage, including the area of the thermal damage zone. Resection efficiency is calculated by dividing the resection area by the total thermal damage area.

Results

In the three water cooling groups, the area of the resection, carbonized, sub‐boiling coagulated, and total thermal damage zones were 0.0677, 0.00, 1.7293, and 2.2982 mm2 in Group 4; 0.0465, 0.00, 1.3205, and 1.8414 mm2 in Group 5; and 0.0565, 0.00, 1.4301, and 1.9650 mm2 in Group 6, respectively. Compared with the first three groups, the water cooling groups exhibited significantly reduced thermal damage areas of in the carbonized, sub‐boiling coagulated, and total thermal damage zones (p < 0.001 for all). In addition, there was no statistical difference in the resection area, vacuolated area, and resection efficiency. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference in the area of each thermal damage zone between the continuous and pulsed output groups. The resection efficiencies were 4.82%, 3.34%, 3.73%, 3.93%, 3.36%, and 3.01% in Groups 1 to 6, respectively. Moreover, there was no statistical difference (p > 0.05) in the resection efficiencies.

Conclusion

Water cooling can reduce the total laser‐induced thermal damage area and prevent tissue carbonization. Therefore, this cooling method can be used as a simple and safe strategy for controlling thermal damage during hepatectomy.
Preparation of MPASP‐PAA/Fe3+ Composite Conductive Hydrogel with Physical and Chemical Double Crosslinking Structure and Its Application in Flexible Strain Sensors
Authors: Liu Yun , Liu Yongmei , Yang Zhiyun , Chen Xiaoling , Zhao Yansheng
Published: April 2022

Conductive hydrogels show broad prospects in wearable electronic devices. However, the conductive hydrogel cross‐linked only by chemical bonds has the shortcomings of being hard and brittle, easy to break under pressure. In order to solve these problems, the MPASP‐PAA/Fe3+ composite conductive hydrogel is prepared by the method of physical and chemical double crosslinking using modified polyaspartic acid (MPASP) as the chemical crosslinking agent and FeCl3 as the physical crosslinking agent. Compared with traditional chemical crosslinking agents such as N′N‐methylene bisacrylamide, the MPASP can not only increase mechanical properties of the conductive hydrogel, but also improve the biodegradability and biocompatibility. At the same time, FeCl3 as a physical crosslinking agent can also enhance the conductivity and toughness of the conductive hydrogel. When MPASP and Fe3+ content are 2.5 wt% and 0.75 mol%, respectively, the MPASP‐PAA/Fe3+ composite conductive hydrogel exhibits high conductivity (0.12 S m−1), sensitivity (4.93), and stretchability (329%). In addition, its compressive strength is as high as 1081.39 KPa. The flexible strain sensor assembled by the MPASP‐PAA/Fe3+ composite conductive hydrogel can not only monitor human joint movements such as elbow and wrist bending, but also detect subtle vibrations such as vocalization and swallowing.
Self‐Assembled Nanovehicle for Intracellular Enzyme‐Triggered Antitumor Drug Release
Authors: Zhang Jin , Chen Siling , Teng Jinkui , Li Bilian , Wang Lingli , Yang Jianmei , Zhao Yan
Published: April 2022

Enzyme‐responsive and biocompatible supramolecular nanocarriers (NCs) have attracted intensive attention in the field of biomaterials, and have found many feasible applications, particularly for controlling drug‐release at specific anchor sites where the enzyme is overexpressed. However, the introduction of specific enzyme‐responsive sites in drug nanocarriers that can be enzymatically triggered to release drugs within tumor cells remains a challenge. In this manuscript, an enzyme‐responsive supramolecular nanoparticle, (SBE)7m‐β‐CD ⊃ PS NPs is successfully prepared, based on inducing aggregation of negatively charged cyclodextrin toward positively charged protein. The obtained nanoparticles showed trypsin‐trigger disassemble behavior that is considered as drug vehicles to load antitumor drug celastrol (CSL). Furthermore, CSL‐loaded NPs exhibit controlled release behavior of CSL in response to trypsin (TPS) stimulation. Notably, cell biology experiments reveal that loading CSL by (SBE)7m‐β‐CD ⊃ PS NPs not only reduces cytotoxicity for normal cells but also presents a similar therapeutic effect of free CSL for five tumor cells. The obtained nanoparticle appears to hold practical potential for the controllable release of CSL in tumor cells.
Memorable tourism experience: A review and research agenda
Authors: Hosany Sameer , Sthapit Erose , Björk Peter
Published: April 2022

A decade of research has produced substantial results but the theorization of memorable tourism experience, often drawing on positive and environmental psychology, remains fuzzy and fragmented. Adopting state‐of‐the art practices, this study systematically reviews, synthesizes, and integrates the extant body of knowledge across multiple literature streams on memorable tourism experience. Our review indicates that research in this field has a geographical bias, largely neglects negative experiences, and mainly employs quantitative methods. We identify several gaps in the literature and propose the following seven recommendations for future research: (1) caution when using the memorable tourism experience scale; (2) the need for cross‐cultural studies; (3) positive and negative dimensions in conceptualizing memorable tourism experience; (4) overcoming the limitations of self‐report measures; (5) engaging in mixed methods research; (6) integrating suppliers' perspectives; and (7) combining theories, concepts, and disciplines. This study serves as a foundation for researchers and provides a holistic understanding of memorable tourism experience.
Detectors for gas‐phase photoacoustic spectroscopy: A review
Authors: Zhang Xueshi , Liu Lixian , Liu Yanyan , Zhang Le , Yin Xukun , Huan Huiting , Xi Teli , Shao Xiaopeng
Published: April 2022

Acoustic detectors constitute a key factor of photoacoustic spectroscopy configuration, which is an ultrasensitive gas sensing method. This review aimed to discuss the recent development of acoustic detectors, including capacitive microphone, quartz tuning forks, and optical microphone. An overview of their applications for sensitive, selective, and quantitative trace gas detection was reported, and advantages and limitations of these detectors were presented.
Experimental demonstration of low complexity nonlinear compensation algorithm based on logistic regression
Authors: Wang Chuxuan , Tian Feng , Zhang Qi , Gao Ran , Wang Yongjun , Tian Qinghua , Wang Xishuo , Pan Xiaolong , Xin Xiangjun
Published: April 2022

In this paper, a novel algorithm based on logistic regression digital backpropagation (LR‐DBP) is proposed to mitigate the effect of dispersion and nonlinearity in a long‐distance optical transmission system. The LR‐DBP can evaluate nonlinear effects by estimating the cross‐entropy error and adjusting the structure of DBP. The experiment is setup to demonstrate an 80 Gbit/s 16QAM signal transmitted across 1000 km single‐mode fiber. The results show that LR‐DBP achieves a 1.8 dB launch power improvement over the dispersion compensation algorithm and a 0.6 dB launch power gain with DBP. The proposed algorithm could obtain with 19.2% computational complexity decrease and 19.6% central processing unit (CPU) running time decrease by calculating the average numbers of real multiplications and CPU running times.
Broadband circularly polarized monopole antenna with modified characteristics
Authors: Wang Lei , Yao Bin , Fang Wenxiao , Huang Chuangmian , Huang Yun , En Yunfei
Published: April 2022

In this letter, a novel wideband circularly polarized (CP) monopole antenna (CPMA) with modified characteristics is proposed. The CPMA comprises a rectangular ground with an L‐shaped strip, an inverted L‐shaped monopole, and an asymmetric U‐shaped strip as a parasitic element. Note that the proposed CPMA is fed by a coaxial probe instead of the traditional microstrip feed. The L‐shaped strip in the rectangular‐ground and parasitic asymmetric U‐shaped strip are used simultaneously to excite multiple CP resonant modes, which increase the CPMA's CP bandwidth. Both the simulated and measured results validate the proposed design. The proposed CPMA features a −10‐dB impedance bandwidth ranging from 2.06 to 4.05 GHz (65.1% centered at 3.055 GHz), and a wide 3‐dB axial ratio bandwidth ranging from 1.78 to 4.44 GHz (85.5% centered at 3.11 GHz), which has a potential application in the satellite digital audio radio service system.
Correlations between DWI, IVIM, and HIF‐1α expression based on MRI and pathology in a murine model of rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Yin Zhenzhen , Li Xiangwen , Zhang Yu , Tao Juan , Yang Yanyu , Fang Shaobo , Zhang Zhengyang , Yuan Yuan , Liu Yajie , Wang Shaowu
Published: April 2022

Purpose

To investigate the correlation between DWI, intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM), and hypoxia‐inducible factor 1‐alpha (HIF‐1α) expression in a nude mouse model of rhabdomyosarcoma based on imaging and pathological comparisons.

Methods

Human rhabdomyosarcoma‐derived (RD) cells were inoculated into the right thigh muscle of 20 BALB/c female nude mice. Mice were imaged using 3.0 Tesla MRI system. T1‐weighted imaging, T2‐weighted imaging, DWI, and IVIM images were obtained. ADW4.7 (GE Healthcare, ChicagoAQ34, IL, USA) was used for image processing of ADC, Dslow, Dfast, and f values. All parameter values were independently analyzed by 2 observers. Immunohistochemistry of HIF‐1α was performed. We used a specific image–pathology comparison method to ensure correct overlap between the image plane and the pathological section. Mann–Whitney U test or independent sample t test, Pearson or Spearman correlation test, the intragroup correlation coefficient, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, and receiver operating characteristic curve were used. The correlation between DWI and intravoxel incoherent motion parameter values and HIF‐1α expression was determined.

Results

There were 10 mice in the low‐expression group and 7 in the high‐expression group. The ADC and Dslow values were negatively correlated with HIF‐1α with correlation coefficients of −0.491 and − 0.702 (P = 0.045 and 0.002). The f value positively correlated with HIF‐1α expression (r = 0.485, P = 0.048). ADC, Dslow, and f were significantly different between the high‐HIF‐1α expression tumors and the low‐HIF‐1α expression tumors. ADC showed the best predictive performance among all parameters (area under the curve = 0.652, sensitivity = 83.3%, specificity = 63.6%).

Conclusion

The parameter values of DWI and intravoxel incoherent motion can be used to evaluate the expression of HIF‐1α in rhabdomyosarcoma. ADC, Dslow, and f value showed correlation with the expression of HIF‐1α.
The effect of methocarbamol and mexiletine on murine muscle spindle function
Authors: Watkins Bridgette , Schuster Hedwig M. , Gerwin Laura , Schoser Benedikt , Kröger Stephan
Published: April 2022

Introduction/Aims

The muscle relaxant methocarbamol and the antimyotonic drug mexiletine are widely used for the treatment of muscle spasms, myotonia, and pain syndromes. To determine whether these drugs affect muscle spindle function, we studied their effect on the resting discharge and on stretch‐induced action potential frequencies of proprioceptive afferent neurons.

Methods

Single unit action potential frequencies of proprioceptive afferents from muscle spindles in the murine extensor digitorum longus muscle of adult C57BL/6J mice were recorded under resting conditions and during ramp‐and‐hold stretches. Maximal tetanic force of the same muscle after direct stimulation was determined. High‐resolution confocal microscopy analysis was performed to determine the distribution of Nav1.4 channels, a potential target for both drugs.

Results

Methocarbamol and mexiletine inhibited the muscle spindle resting discharge in a dose‐dependent manner with IC50 values around 300 μM and 6 μM, respectively. With increasing concentrations of both drugs, the response to stretch was also affected, with the static sensitivity first followed by the dynamic sensitivity. At high concentrations, both drugs completely blocked muscle spindle afferent output. Both drugs also reversibly reduced the specific force of the extensor digitorum longus muscle after tetanic stimulation. Finally, we present evidence for the presence and specific localization of the voltage‐gated sodium channel Nav1.4 in intrafusal fibers.

Discussion

In this study we demonstrate that both muscle relaxants affect muscle spindle function, suggesting impaired proprioception as a potential side effect of both drugs. Moreover, our results provide additional evidence of a peripheral activity of methocarbamol and mexiletine.