bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytomonospora
Authors: Li Wen‐Jun , Salam Nimaichand
Published: June 2016

Phy.to.mo.no.spo'ra. Gr. n. phyton, a plant; Gr. adj.
monos
, single, solitary; Gr. fem. n.
spora
, a seed, and in biology a spore; N.L. fem. n.
Phytomonospora
, a spore‐forming actinobacterium originally isolated from plant tissues.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micromonosporales / Micromonosporaceae / Phytomonospora

Cells are aerobic and Gram‐positive. Generally good growth is observed on
ISP
2 and
ISP
3. Strains could grow well over a wide range of physiological conditions: 10–40 °C and
pH
6–9. They form extensively branched substrate mycelium. Substrate hyphae bear nonmotile, singly borne smooth‐surfaced spores. Share
16S rRNA
sequence similarities of <93.6% with other members of the family
Micromonosporaceae
and form a distinct clade in the neighbor‐joining phylogenetic tree.
Meso‐
diaminopimelic acid is the diamino acid in the cell wall, while galactose, glucose, mannose, and ribose are the major whole‐cell sugars. The major menaquinones contain 8–10 isoprene units that are di‐, tetra‐, and hexahydroxylated. The cell membranes are composed of predominantly branched fatty acids with 15–17 carbons.

DNA
G + C content (mol%):

70–71 (
HPLC
).

Type species
:
Phytomonospora endophytica
Li, Zhao, Zhu, Huang, Xu, Zhang and Li 2011, 2969
VP
.
Rugosimonospora
Authors: Monciardini Paolo , Donadio Stefano
Published: June 2016

Ru.go.si.mo.no.spo'ra, L. adj.
rugosus
, rugose, Gr. adj.
monos
, single, Gr. fem. n.
spora
a seed and, in bacteriology, a spore, N.L. fem. n.
Rugosimonospora
, a bacterium forming single, rugose spores.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Micromonosporales / Micromonosporaceae / Rugosimonospora

Nonfragmenting vegetative mycelium, aerial hyphae are not produced. Single spherical and nonmotile spores, with rugose surface, formed on the substrate mycelium, are 0.7–0.8 µm in diameter. Gram‐positive. Aerobic and non‐acid‐fast.
Acidophilic
. Optimal temperature is 22–28 °C. Gelatin, casein, and starch are hydrolyzed.

H
2
S

is produced. Nitrate is not reduced. Xylose, mannose, and glycerol are used as sole carbon source. Peptidoglycan contains
hydroxy‐diaminopimelic acid (3‐

OH DAP

)
plus glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine. Acyl type of the peptidoglycan is
N
‐glycolyl. Galactose, arabinose, and xylose are present in whole‐cell hydrolysates.
Predominant menaquinone is

MK

‐9(

H
8

)
,
MK
‐9(

H
6

) present in minor amounts. Different predominant fatty acids (mainly saturated) found in the described species. Major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, methyl‐phosphatidylethanolamine, and an unknown aminophospholipid. Natural habitat is soil.

DNA G +C content (mol%):
72
–
73 (
HPLC
).

Type species
:
Rugosimonospora acidiphila
Monciardini, Cavaletti, Ranghetti, Schumann, Rohde, Bamonte, Sosio, Mezzelani and Donadio 2009, 2757
VP
.
Halobiforma
Authors: Xu Xue‐Wei , Oren Aharon
Published: June 2016

Ha.lo.bi.for′ma. Gr. n.
hals halos
, salt; L. adv. num.
bis
, twice; L. fem. n.
forma
, form, shape; N.L. fem. n.
Halobiforma
, the halophile with two different shapes.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Natrialbales / Natrialbaceae / Halobiforma

The genus
Halobiforma
is classified with the family
Natrialbaceae
, order
Natrialbales
, in the class
Halobacteria
. Phylogenetically, the genus is closely related to
Natronobacterium
and
Natronococcus
. Cells are rod shaped, coccoid, or pleomorphic and show different shapes under different growth conditions and during different growth phases. Cells are red or pink pigmented, motile, and lyse in distilled water.
Halobiforma
spp. are neutrophilic or alkaliphilic with growth up to pH 10.5. They are aerobic, chemoorganotrophic, and can grow in defined media on a narrow range of substrates (acetate, glucose, and pyruvate). Acid is produced from carbohydrates. Polar lipids are C
20
C
20
and C
20
C
25
glycerol diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me). Glycolipids may also be present. Currently, the genus consists of three species:
Halobiforma haloterrestris
(the type species of the genus),
Hbf. lacisalsi
and
Hbf. nitratireducens
. Hitherto all
Halobiforma
strains were isolates from salt lakes, soda lakes, or saline soils.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63.5–66.9.

Type species
:
Halobiforma haloterrestris
Hezayen, Tindall, Steinbüchel and Rehm 2002, 2278
VP
.
Halolamina
Authors: Cui Heng‐Lin
Published: June 2016

Ha.lo.la'mi.na. Gr. n.
hals
,
halos
salt; L. fem. n.
lamina
a thin slice; N.L. fem. n.
Halolamina
thin‐slice‐shaped salt organism.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Halorubraceae / Halolamina

The genus
Halolamina
is classified with the family
Haloferacaceae
, order
Haloferacales
, in the class
Halobacteria
. Cells are rod to pleomorphic under optimal growth conditions, pink or red pigmented, stain Gram‐negative, and lyse in distilled water. Some species are motile.
Halolamina
spp. are neutrophiles that grow optimally at
pH
6.5–8.0 and at 37–42 °C. They are aerobic, chemoorganotrophic extreme halophiles (optimum growth at 3.4–4.3 M
NaCl
), and can grow on a wide range of carbohydrates, organic acids, and amino acids as carbon and energy sources. Sugars are metabolized with formation of acids by some species. The major polar lipids are the diphytanyl glycerol diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol (
PG
), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (
PGP
‐Me), phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (
PGS
), and two to nine diverse glycolipids. Currently, the genus consists of five species:
Halolamina pelagica
(the type species of the genus),
Hlm. rubra
,
Hlm. salifodinae
,
Hlm. salina
, and
Hlm. sediminis
. All known
Halolamina
strains were isolated from marine solar salterns, a salt mine or from nonpurified solar salt.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 62.7–69.1.

Type species
:
Halolamina pelagica
Cui, Gao, Yang and Xu 2011, 1619
VP
.
Halomarina
Authors: Inoue Kentaro , Kogure Kazuhiro
Published: June 2016

Ha.lo.ma.ri'na. Gr. n.
hals
,
halos
salt; L. adj.
marinus ‐a ‐um
marine; N.L. fem. n.
Halomarina
, a halophile existing in the marine environment.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Halobacteriaceae

The genus
Halomarina
, classified with the family
Halobacteriaceae
, order
Halobacteriales
in the class
Halobacteria
, currently consists of a single species:
Halomarina oriensis
, isolated from seawater sampled from an aquarium in Tokyo, Japan. The organism is nonmotile, coccoid, neutrophilic, requires at least 1.7 M NaCl for growth, and grows optimally at 2.7 M NaCl. Cells can survive prolonged exposure to distilled water at least overnight on room temperature. A number of sugars, organic acids, and amino acids can serve as sole carbon and energy sources. Acids are produced from some carbohydrates. Polar lipids are C
20
C
20
and C
20
C
25
diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, a glycolipid chromatographically identical to the glycosyl‐mannosyl‐glucosyl diether (TGD‐2) and at least one unidentified glycolipid. The DNA G + C content is 67.7 mol%.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 67.7 (major component); 59.1–67.9 (minor components) (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Halomarina oriensis
Inoue, Itoh, Ohkuma and Kogure 2011, 944
VP
.
Halonotius
Authors: Oren Aharon
Published: June 2016

Ha.lo.no'ti.us. Gr. n.
hals, halos
salt; L. masc. adj.
notius
southern; N.L. masc. n.
Halonotius
, a salty southern one.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Halorubraceae / Halonotius

The genus
Halonotius
, classified with the family
Haloferacaceae
, order
Haloferacales
, class
Halobacteria
, consists of red‐pigmented, extremely halophilic flattened, and somewhat pleomorphic rods with rounded ends and polar flagella. Cells lyse in distilled water. They are obligately aerobic heterotrophs able to grow in defined media on a limited range of substrates (pyruvate, glucose, glycerol). Acids are not produced from carbohydrates. Polar lipids are diphytanyl diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, the methyl ester of phosphatidylglycerol phosphate and a single glycolipid chromatographically identical to the sulfated diglycosyl diether lipid S‐
DGD
‐1. The phylogenetically closest related genus is
Halohasta
. Currently, the genus consists of a single species,
Halonotius pteroides
. Isolates of the species have been recovered from saltern crystallizer ponds in Australia, and related
16S rRNA
gene sequences have been found in Lake Tyrrell, Victoria, Australia, and in food‐grade salts from different origins.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 58.4–58.7 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Halonotius pteroides
Burns, Janssen, Itoh, Kamekura, Echigo and Dyall‐Smith 2010, 1198
VP
.
Haloplanus
Authors: Oren Aharon
Published: June 2016

Ha.lo.pla'nus. Gr. n.
hals, halos
salt; L. adj.
planus
flat; N.L. masc. n.
Haloplanus
flat salt‐life form.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Haloferacaceae / Haloplanus

The genus
Haloplanus
, classified with the family
Haloferacaceae
, order
Haloferacales
, in the class
Halobacteria
, consists of red or pink pigmented flat pleomorphic cells. All species are extremely halophilic and most were reported to form gas vesicles. They are catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive aerobes, but anaerobic growth on nitrate, DMSO or arginine has been reported for some species. Sugars are metabolized, in some cases with the formation of acids. Polar lipids are diphytanyl diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, the methyl ester of phosphatidylglycerol phosphate, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, and one major glycolipid chromatographically identical to the sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether lipid S‐DGD‐1. The phylogenetically closest related genera are
Halogranum
,
Haloferax
, and
Halopelagius
. Currently the genus consists of six species;
Haloplanus natans
is the type species of the genus. Most isolates of the species have been recovered from marine salterns.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 62.1–67.2.

Type species
:
Haloplanus natans
Elevi Bardavid, Mana and Oren 2007, 783
VP
.
Haloquadratum
Authors: Rodriguez‐Valera Francisco , Martin‐Cuadrado Ana‐Belen , Bolhuis Henk
Published: June 2016

Ha.lo.qua.dra'tum. Gr. masc. n.
hals
,
halos
salt, L. neut. n.
quadratum
square, N.L. neut. n.
Haloquadratum
salt square.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Haloferacales / Haloferacaceae / Haloquadratum

The haloarchaeal species
Haloquadratum walsbyi
, the only member described of the genus
Haloquadratum
, dominates NaCl saturated thalassic lakes worldwide. These microbes are unique due to their peculiar flattened and square shape (like a postage stamp), and they contain gas vesicles and granules of poly‐β‐hydroxyalkanoate. They are red‐pink pigmented due to the presence of bacterioruberin carotenoids and bacteriorhodopsin. Reaching populations of up to 10
8
cells ml
−1
they are the most successful halophile. However, pure cultures are extremely fastidious to obtain and grow very slowly in the laboratory. Even 10 years after the isolation of the first two strains, the existence of proven protocols for its isolation and its massive abundance in hypersaline ecosystems, only four more strains of
Haloquadratum
have been isolated. Most of the information available about this microbe derives from genome and metagenome sequencing. The genomes of the first two pure cultures indicate that they are photoheterotrophs like most members of the class
Halobacteria
. Their success may be due to the efficient exploitation of solar energy through rhodopsins and their large surface to volume ratio that would facilitate light and organic nutrient harvesting in the brine.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 47.9

Type species
:
Haloquadratum walsbyi
. Burns, Janssen, Itoh, Kamekura, Li, Jensen, Rodríguez‐Valera, Bolhuis and Dyall‐Smith et al.
2007, 391
VP
Halorussus
Authors: Cui Heng‐Lin
Published: June 2016

Ha.lo.rus'sus. Gr. masc. n.
hals
,
halos
, salt; L. masc. adj.
russus
red; N.L. masc. n.
Halorussus
red salt organism.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Halobacteriaceae

The genus
Halorussus
is classified with the family
Halobacteriaceae
, order
Halobacteriales
, in the class
Halobacteria
. Cells are motile pleomorphic rods under optimal growth conditions, are red pigmented, stain Gram‐negative, and lyse in distilled water.
Halorussus
spp. are neutrophiles that grow optimally at pH 6.5–7.5 and at 37 °C. They are aerobic, chemoorganotrophic extreme halophiles (optimum growth at 1.7–2.6 M NaCl), and can grow on a wide range of carbohydrates, organic acids, and amino acids as carbon and energy source. Sugars are metabolized with formation of acids. The major polar lipids are the diphytanyl glycerol diether derivatives of phosphatidic acid (PA), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me), phosphatidylglycerol sulfate (PGS), and five major glycolipids chromatographically identical to mannosyl glucosyl diether (DGD‐1), an unknown diglycosyl diether (DGD‐2), sulfated mannosyl glucosyl diether (S‐DGD‐1), galactosyl mannosyl glucosyl diether (TGD‐1), and sulfated galactosyl mannosyl glucosyl diether (S‐TGD‐1), respectively. Currently, the genus contains three species:
Halorussus rarus
(the type species of the genus),
Hrs. amylolyticus
, and
Hrs. ruber
. All known
Halorussus
strains were isolated from marine solar salterns and salt lakes.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63.3–66.1.

Type species
:
Halorussus rarus
Cui, Gao, Yang and Xu 2014, 2
VP
(Effective publication: Cui, Gao, Yang and Xu 2010, 498).
Halorientalis
Authors: Cui Heng‐Lin
Published: June 2016

Hal.o.ri.en.ta'lis. Gr. masc. n.
hals
,
halos
salt; L. fem. adj.
orientalis
of the east; N.L. fem. n.
Halorientalis
salt‐loving organism from the east, the orient.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Halobacteriales / Haloarculaceae / Halorientalis

The genus
Halorientalis
is classified with the family
Halobacteriaceae
, order
Halobacteriales
, in the class
Halobacteria
. Cells are pleomorphic motile rods under optimal growth conditions, cream to red pigmented, stain Gram‐negative, and lyse in distilled water.
Halorientalis
spp. are neutrophiles that grow optimally at pH 7.0–7.5 and at 37–40 °C. They are aerobic, chemoorganotrophic extreme halophiles (optimum growth at 2.6–4.3 M NaCl), and can grow on a wide range of carbohydrates, organic acids, and amino acids as carbon and energy source. Sugars are metabolized with formation of acids. The major polar lipids are the diphytanyl glycerol diether derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me), one major glycolipid chromatographically identical to S‐DGD‐1, and two to four minor unidentified glycolipids. Currently, the genus consists of three species:
Halorientalis regularis
(the type species of the genus),
Hos. brevis
,
and
Hos. persica
corrig. All known
Halorientalis
strains were isolated from marine solar salterns and salt lakes.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 61.3–62.8.

Type species
:
Halorientalis regularis
.
Natronolimnobius
Authors: Itoh Takashi
Published: June 2016

Na.tro.no.lim.no'bi.us. Arabic n.
natrun
or
natron
soda, sodium carbonate; Gr. n.
limnos
lake; Gr. masc. n.
bios
life; N.L. masc. n.
Natronolimnobius
, organism living in a soda lake.

Euryarchaeota / Halobacteria / Natrialbales / Natrialbaceae / Natronolimnobius

Natronolimnobius
Itoh, Yamaguchi, Zhou and Takashina 2005b 1744
VP
is a haloalkaliphic archaeal genus placed in the family
Natrialbaceae
of the order
Natrialbales
. At present, there are two validated species,
Natronolimnobius baerhuensis
(the type species of the genus) and
Natronolimnobius innermongolicus
. In addition, several strains yet to be described taxonomically are known. Based on 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis, its closest relatives are the genera
Natronorubrum
and
Natrinema/Haloterrigena
. Cells of the genus
Natronolimnobius
are red‐pigmented, rod‐shaped, or pleomorphic flat‐shaped, and stain Gram‐negative. They are strictly aerobic oxidase‐ and catalase‐positive chemoorganotrophs that require at least 1.5 M NaCl for growth. Cells lyse in less than 0.5 M NaCl solution. Growth is possible at a range of neutral to alkaline pH (pH 7.5–10.0) and moderate temperature (19–54 °C). Polar lipids are diphytanyl (C20:C20) and phytanyl‐sesterterpanyl (C20:C25) derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and phosphatidylglycerophosphate methyl ester (PGP‐Me) as major components. In addition,
Natronolimnobius baerhuensis
contains an unidentified phospholipid. Glycolipids are not detected.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 59–63 mol% (HPLC), 60–64 (draft genome sequences).

Type species
:
Natronolimnobius baerhuensis
.
Methylocapsa
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N.
Published: June 2016

Me.thy.lo.cap'sa. N.L. neut. n.
methylum
the methyl group; N.L. pref.
methylo
‐ pertaining to the methyl radical; L. fem. n.
capsa
a box; here intended to mean a cover or capsule; N.L. fem. n.
Methylocapsa
methyl‐using cell covered by a capsule.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Beijerinckiaceae

The genus
Methylocapsa
accommodates aerobic, mildly acidophilic, methanotrophic bacteria that perform the first step of methane oxidation using a particulate methane monooxygenase. Some members of this genus are obligate utilizers of one‐carbon compounds, while others are also capable of growth on acetate, but sugars are not utilized. Cells are Gram‐negative, curved coccoids or thick curved rods that occur singly or in conglomerates, but do not form rosettes. Reproduce by normal cell division. Non‐motile. Encapsulated. Contain a well‐developed ICM system of type III arrangement, which appears as stacks of membrane vesicles packed in parallel on only one side of the cell membrane. Produce intracellular poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate granules. Do not express soluble methane monooxygenase. One‐carbon compounds are utilized via the serine pathway. Psychrotolerant mesophiles. Prefer dilute media with low salt content. Capable of dinitrogen fixation. The major cellular fatty acid is C
18:1
ω7
c
. Known habitats are acidic and nearly neutral wetlands, permafrost ecosystems, soils and sediments.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 61.3–61.9 (genome analysis).

Type species
:
Methylocapsa acidiphila
Dedysh, Khmelenina, Suzina, Trotsenko, Semrau, Liesack, Tiedje 2002, 260
VP
.
Methyloferula
Authors: Dedysh Svetlana N. , Dunfield Peter F.
Published: June 2016

Me.thy.lo.fe'ru.la. N.L. n.
methylum
the methyl group; N.L. pref.
methylo
‐ pertaining to the methyl radical; L. fem. n.
ferula
a rod; N.L. fem. n.
Methyloferula
methyl‐using rod.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Beijerinckiaceae

The genus
Methyloferula
accommodates acidophilic, obligately methanotrophic bacteria that perform the first step of methane oxidation using only a soluble methane monooxygenase, rather than the more common particulate methane monooxygenase. Cells of these methanotrophs are Gram‐negative, aerobic, colorless, nonmotile rods that reproduce by irregular fission and occur singly or are arranged in rosettes. An extensive intracytoplasmic membrane system common to most known methanotrophic bacteria is absent from cells. Intracellular granules of poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate are formed at each cell pole. Colonies are small, unpigmented, circular, and smooth. Growth occurs on methane and methanol; the latter is the preferred growth substrate. Carbon is assimilated via the serine and ribulose‐bisphosphate pathways. These methanotrophs are capable of atmospheric nitrogen fixation under reduced oxygen tension. They are mesophilic and psychrotolerant bacteria, which prefer dilute media of low salt content. The major fatty acid is C
18:1
ω7
c
; the major quinone is Q‐10.

DNA G + C content is 59.5 mol% (genome analysis). Known habitats are acidic peatlands and soils.

Type species
:
Methyloferula stellata
Vorobev, Baani, Doronina, Brady, Liesack, Dunfield, and Dedysh 2011, 2461
VP
.
Methylorosula
Authors: Vasilyeva Lina V. , Berestovskaya Yulia Y.
Published: June 2016

Me.thy.lo.ro'su.la. N.L. neut. n.
methylum
the methyl group; L. dim. fem. n.
rosula
little rose; N.L. fem. n.
Methylorosula
methyl‐using forming rosette cells.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Beijerinckiaceae

Aerobic, chemoorganoheterotrophic, and facultatively methylotrophic bacteria. Cells are Gram‐negative, long, bipolar rods that are single or form rosettes. Reproduce by irregular fission. Young cells are motile due to the subpolar flagellum. Form pale, nontranslucent slimy colonies with uneven edge. Utilize a broad spectrum of organic compounds, including

C
1

‐compounds (methanol, mono‐, di‐, and tri‐methylamines), mono‐, di‐, and trisaccharides, polysaccharides, alcohols, amino acids, and casamino acids. Carbon is assimilated via the ribulose‐bisphosphate pathway. Do not fix atmospheric nitrogen. Ammonium, nitrate, and yeast extract are used as nitrogen sources. Psychrotolerant and moderately acidophilic bacteria. The major cellular fatty acid is C
18:1
ω7
c
. Known habitats are tundra wetland soils.

DNA G + C content (mol%)

: 65.2 (
T
m
).

Type species:
Methylorosula polaris
Berestovskaya, Kotsyurbenko, Tourova, Kolganova, Doronina, Golyshin, and Vasilyeva 2012, 644
VP
.
Methyloglobulus
Authors: Schink Bernhard , Deutzmann Jörg S.
Published: June 2016

Me.thy.lo.glo'bu.lus. N.L. neut. n.
methylum
, the methyl group; L. masc. dim. n.
globulus
little ball, globule; N.L. masc. n.
Methyloglobulus
little round methyl‐using bacterium.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Methylococcales / Methylococcaceae

The genus
Methyloglobulus
belongs to the
Gammaproteobacteria
and consists so far of only one species,
M. morosus
. Cells are microaerobic and use only methane or methanol as substrate. Only a particulate methane monooxygenase was found. Closest phylogenetic relatives are the genera
Methylosoma
and
Methylovulum
.

DNA G + C content
(
mol%
) : 47.7 (HPLC determination).

Type species
:
Methyloglobulus morosus
Deutzmann, Hoppert and Schink 2015, 2018
VP
(Effective publication Deutzmann, Hoppert and Schink 2014, 168)
Methylosoma
Authors: Schink Bernhard , Rahalkar Monali
Published: June 2016

Me.thy.lo.so'ma. N.L. neut. n.
methylum
, the methyl group; Gr. neut. n.
soma
, body; N.L. neut. n.
Methylosoma
methyl‐using body.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Methylococcales / Methylococcaceae

The genus
Methylosoma
belongs to the
Gammaproteobacteria
and consists so far of only one species,
M. difficile
. Cells are microaerobic and use only methane or methanol as substrate. Only a particulate methane monooxygenase was found. Closest phylogenetic relatives are the genera
Methyloglobulus
and
Methylovulum
.

DNA G
+
C content (mol%)
: 49.9 (HPLC determination).

Type species
:
Methylosoma difficile
Rahalkar, Bussmann and Schink 2007.
Designer Colloidal Layers of Disordered Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Light Extraction
Authors: Jouanin Anthony , Hugonin Jean Paul , Lalanne Philippe
Published: June 2016

Basic design rules are disclosed for broadband light‐extraction colloidal films formed with disordered ensembles of plasmonic particles. They are derived through the numerical study of a test‐bed geometry consisting of a low‐refractive index slab in air. Albeit simple, the geometry encompasses many physically effects encountered in real light‐emitting devices, including the pronounced absorption at the peak of the nanoparticles resonance spectrum, the anisotropy of the radiation diagram of nanoparticles in waveguides and unavoidable coherent multiple interferences that ruin the predictive strength of first‐order scattering models. How we can simultaneously take advantage of (1) the shape or size of the individual nanoparticles, (2) their transverse position with respect to the guiding photonic structure, (3) their concentration, and (4) the structural topology of the disorder ensemble are illustrated. Following this approach, a threefold enhancement in the extraction efficiency can be reached as compared to a film without plasmonic particles. It is also predicted that the extraction rapidly saturates and then decreases as the nanoparticle density increases, suggesting that best performance is achieved at low concentrations. Spectrally broad and directionally random far‐field radiation diagrams are additionally reported, which do not suffer from deterministic interferential behaviors observed at particular wavelengths and directionalities with periodic light‐extraction structures.
Highly Fluorescent Polycaprolactones with Tunable Light Emission Wavelengths across Visible to NIR Spectral Window
Authors: Huang Shuo , Wang Kai , Wang Shipan , Wang Yue , Wang Mingfeng
Published: June 2016

Polycaprolactone (PCL) has been widely used in biomedical applications such as tissue engineering due to its promising biodegradability, biocompatibility, and mechanical processability. However, commercially available PCL without any fluorescence does not meet the increasing demand in biomedical applications, for example, to monitor noninvasively the fate of implanted scaffolds in tissue engineering. To that end, exploration of new fluorescent PCL polymers plays an essential role in tracking their degradation under physiological conditions and distinguishing PCL scaffolds at the interface with biological systems such as cells and tissues. Herein, this study reports a series of tailor‐made fluorescent PCL polymers with various light emission wavelengths ranging from visible to near‐infrared (NIR) region in solid states. These fluorescent PCL polymers are amenable to be processed into nanofibers using electrospinning, as well as waterborne nanoparticle ink for macroscale stamping, brush writing, and microcontact printing. Finally, the application of the NIR fluorescent PCL for in vitro imaging and monitoring of scaffold degradation is demonstrated.
Release from Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Capsules in Solution and on Polymeric Surfaces
Authors: Parakhonskiy Bogdan V. , Yashchenok Alexey M. , Möhwald Helmuth , Volodkin Dmitry , Skirtach Andre G.
Published: June 2016

Release from polyelectrolyte multilayer microcapsules represents one of the most important steps enabling practical use of the microcapsules. A number of biological and non‐biological applications are envisaged by proper encapsulation of molecules of interest and their release performance. Since the invention of the microcapsules at the Max‐Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces in 1998 the work towards microcapsule assisted release has undergone tremendous progress. Almost simultaneously with development of release approaches an extensive base of applications has been advanced. In this progress report the release from the capsules in a solution and those immobilized on the surface of polymeric films is addressed.
Nanopatterning‐Enhanced Sensitivity and Response Time of Dynamic Palladium/Cobalt/Palladium Hydrogen Gas Sensors
Authors: Lueng Chris , Lupo Pierpaolo , Metaxas Peter J. , Kostylev Mikhail , Adeyeye Adekunle O.
Published: June 2016

Clear advantages of nanopatterned Pd/Co films over continuous Pd/Co films are demonstrated as candidates for future hydrogen gas sensing devices based upon hydrogen‐absorption‐modified ferromagnetic resonance. Nanopatterning results in a higher sensitivity to hydrogen gas and a much faster hydrogen desorption rate. It also avoids the need for an external biasing magnetic field which may be important for practical sensor implementation. A wide range of hydrogen gas concentrations has been detected with the nanopatterned material: from 0.1% to 50%, across the threshold of hydrogen flammability in air (4%).
High‐Q Whispering‐Gallery‐Mode‐Based Plasmonic Fano Resonances in Coupled Metallic Metasurfaces at Near Infrared Frequencies
Authors: Dayal Govind , Chin Xin Yu , Soci Cesare , Singh Ranjan
Published: June 2016

Fano resonances in metallic and dielectric structures have received much attention in recent years due to their promising applications in surface enhanced phenomena, sensing, and nonlinear optics. The lossless high refractive index dielectric structures have been shown to have ultranarrow resonances at near infrared and optical frequencies. However, it is rather challenging to realize such narrow Fano resonances using metallic nanostructures due to large optical losses in metals that cause significant broadening of the plasmonic resonances. Herein, whispering gallery mode based sharp Fano resonances are demonstrated experimentally and numerically in plasmonic nanostructures at near infrared frequencies with highest quality factor. The design here consists of conductively coupled annular and rectangular aperture arrays that support multiple Fano resonances. The sharp Fano resonances are observed for both the orthogonal polarizations of the incident electric field due to the coupling between quadrupolar resonance of the annular aperture with the dipolar and quadrupolar resonance of the rectangular aperture. The response of the plasmonic metasurface can be switched from single to multiple Fano resonances by switching the polarization of the incident radiation which is highly desirable for hyperspectral sensing and imaging. The spectral tuning of Fano resonances are further achieved by tailoring the coupling between the annular and the rectangular apertures.
Impact of sarcopenia on treatment tolerance in United States veterans with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma treated with CHOP‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Xiao Daphne Y. , Luo Suhong , O'Brian Katiuscia , Ganti Arun , Riedell Peter , Sanfilippo Kristen M. , Lynch Ryan C. , Liu Weijian , Carson Kenneth R.
Published: June 2016

While sarcopenia has been associated with decreased overall survival in diffuse large B‐cell (DLBCL) patients, the impact of sarcopenia on treatment tolerance has not been well‐studied. We evaluated the association of sarcopenia with febrile neutropenia hospitalization, treatment‐related mortality, and ability to complete standard number of cycles in a retrospective cohort of United States veterans diagnosed with DLBCL between 1998 and 2008 and treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone, with or without rituximab. Baseline body composition parameters were evaluated using computed tomography analysis. In total, 522 patients were included in the study, of whom 245 (47%) had baseline sarcopenia. After controlling for other variables, baseline sarcopenia was independently associated with increased risk of febrile neutropenia hospitalization (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 1.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01–2.65) and inability to complete standard number of treatment cycles (aOR 1.49, 95% CI 1.02–2.16) compared with no baseline sarcopenia. There was a non‐statistically significant trend toward higher treatment‐related mortality in sarcopenic patients than non‐sarcopenic patients (aOR 1.77, 95% CI 0.92–3.41). Sarcopenia is associated with increased risk of treatment intolerance and may be useful in guiding treatment planning and supportive care measures. Am. J. Hematol. 91:1002–1007, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Oral microbiome diversity among Cheyenne and Arapaho individuals from Oklahoma
Authors: Ozga Andrew T. , Sankaranarayanan Krithivasan , Tito Raúl Y. , Obregon‐Tito Alexandra J. , Foster Morris W. , Tallbull Gloria , Spicer Paul , Warinner Christina G. , Lewis Cecil M.
Published: June 2016

Objectives

There is a major ascertainment bias in microbiome research, with individuals of predominately European ancestry living within metropolitan areas dominating most studies. Here we present a study of the salivary microbiome within a North American Indian community. This research is the culmination of four years of collaboration and community engagement with Cheyenne & Arapaho (C&A) tribal members from western Oklahoma.

Materials and Methods

Using 16S rRNA gene amplification and next‐generation sequencing, we generated microbial taxonomic inventories for 37 individuals representing five towns within the C&A tribes. For comparison, we performed the same laboratory techniques on saliva samples from 20 non‐native individuals (NNI) from Norman, Oklahoma.

Results

The C&A participants differ from the NNI in having reduced within‐individual species richness and higher between‐individual variation. Unsupervised clustering analyses reveal that three ecological groupings best fit the data, and while C&A individuals include assignments to all three groups, the NNI individuals are assigned to only one group. One of the ecological groups found exclusively among C&A participants was characterized by high abundance of the oral bacterial genus Prevotella.

Discussion

The C&A and NNI participants from Oklahoma have notable differences in their microbiome diversity, with a wider range of variation observed among the C&A individuals, including a higher frequency of bacteria implicated in systemic disorders. Overall, this study highlights the importance of engagement with indigenous communities, and the need for an improved understanding of human microbiome diversity among underrepresented groups and those individuals living outside of metropolitan areas.
Chemisch gesteuerte schrittweise Entfaltung von Einzelketten‐ Nanopartikeln
Authors: Fischer Tobias S. , Schulze‐Sünninghausen David , Luy Burkhard , Altintas Ozcan , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: June 2016

Die vorliegende Studie beschreibt die stufenweise, orthogonale und gleichzeitig pfadunabhängige Entfaltung von Einzelketten‐Nanopartikeln (ENPs), um aktive Kontrolle über die Faltungsdynamik von ENPs zu erlangen. Die Kompaktierung der NPs erfolgt zum einen über Wasserstoffbrücken und zum anderen durch Wirt‐Gast‐Wechselwirkungen. Um den Entfaltungsprozess zu untersuchen, wurden engverteilte Diblock‐ (AB) und Tetrablockcopolymere (ABCD) synthetisiert, welche orthogonale Faltungsmotive entlang der lateralen Kette beinhalten. In einem ersten Schritt wurde die Einzelkettenfaltung des AB‐Diblockcopolymersystems durch eine Wirt‐Gast‐Wechselwirkung von Benzo‐21‐Krone‐7 (B21K7, Wirt) mit einem sekundären Ammoniumsalz (AS, Gast) ausgelöst. Anschließend wurden die zwei orthogonalen Motive, bestehend aus Hamilton‐Wedge/Cyanursäure und B21K7/AS, in das Tetrablockcopolymersystem eingebaut. Zuletzt wurde, durch Zugabe spezieller Substrate, die orthogonale, stufenweise und pfadunabhängige Entfaltung der ENPs ausgelöst und untersucht. Die Faltung und Entfaltung wurde durch 1D‐1H‐NMR‐Spektroskopie, dynamische Lichtstreuung (DLS) und diffusionsgeordnete NMR‐Spektroskopie (DOSY) charakterisiert und nachgewiesen.
A Titanium‐Doped SiOx Passivation Layer for Greatly Enhanced Performance of a Hematite‐Based Photoelectrochemical System
Authors: Ahn Hyo‐Jin , Yoon Ki‐Yong , Kwak Myung‐Jun , Jang Ji‐Hyun
Published: June 2016

This study introduces an in situ fabrication of nanoporous hematite with a Ti‐doped SiOx passivation layer for a high‐performance water‐splitting system. The nanoporous hematite with a Ti‐doped SiOx layer (Ti‐(SiOx/np‐Fe2O3)) has a photocurrent density of 2.44 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE and 3.70 mA cm−2 at 1.50 VRHE. When a cobalt phosphate co‐catalyst was applied to Ti‐(SiOx/np‐Fe2O3), the photocurrent density reached 3.19 mA cm−2 at 1.23 VRHE with stability, which shows great potential of the use of the Ti‐doped SiOx layer with a synergistic effect of decreased charge recombination, the increased number of active sites, and the reduced hole‐diffusion pathway from the hematite to the electrolyte.
Fluorine‐Doped Antiperovskite Electrolyte for All‐Solid‐State Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Yutao , Zhou Weidong , Xin Sen , Li Shuai , Zhu Jinlong , Lü Xujie , Cui Zhiming , Jia Quanxi , Zhou Jianshi , Zhao Yusheng , Goodenough John B.
Published: June 2016

A fluorine‐doped antiperovskite Li‐ion conductor Li2(OH)X (X=Cl, Br) is shown to be a promising candidate for a solid electrolyte in an all‐solid‐state Li‐ion rechargeable battery. Substitution of F− for OH− transforms orthorhombic Li2OHCl to a room‐temperature cubic phase, which shows electrochemical stability to 9 V versus Li+/Li and two orders of magnitude higher Li‐ion conductivity than that of orthorhombic Li2OHCl. An all‐solid‐state Li/LiFePO4 with F‐doped Li2OHCl as the solid electrolyte showed good cyclability and a high coulombic efficiency over 40 charge/discharge cycles.
Janus Membranes: Exploring Duality for Advanced Separation
Authors: Yang Hao‐Cheng , Hou Jingwei , Chen Vicki , Xu Zhi‐Kang
Published: June 2016

Janus membranes are an emerging class of materials having opposing properties at an interface. This structure results in selective and often novel transport characteristics. In this Minireview, a definition of the Janus membrane, beyond merely asymmetric materials, is introduced and common fabrication strategies are outlined. Also presented are current and potential applications in directional transport, switchable permeation, and performance optimization with detailed mechanisms.
Amidophosphine‐stabilized palladium complexes catalyse Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐couplings in aqueous media
Authors: Jansa Josef , Řezníček Tomáš , Dostál Libor , Růžičková Zdena , Bureš Filip , Jambor Roman
Published: June 2016

We report a simple and efficient procedure for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions in aqueous media catalysed by amidophosphine‐stabilized palladium complexes trans‐{L3PPh2}2PdCl2 (3), trans‐{L3PPhtBu}2PdCl2 (4), [Pd(η3‐C3H5)(L3PPh2)Cl] (5) and {Pd[2‐(Me2NCH2)C6H4](L3PPh2)Cl} (6). The acidity of the NH proton in complexes 3, 4, 5, 6 plays an important role in their catalytic activity. In addition, the palladium complexes cis‐{L1PPh2}PdCl2 (1) and trans‐{L2PPh2}2PdCl2 (2) stabilized by phosphines containing Y,C,Y‐chelating ligands L1,2 have also been found to be useful catalysts for Suzuki–Miyaura reactions in aqueous media. The method can be effectively applied to both activated and deactivated aryl bromides yielding high or moderate conversions. The catalytic activity of couplings performed in pure water increases when utilizing a Pd complex with more acidic NH protons. A decrease of palladium concentration from 1.0 to 0.5 mol% does not lead to a substantial loss of conversion. In addition, Pd complex 1 can be efficiently recovered using two‐phase system extraction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tribological investigations of carbon nanotube‐reinforced polymer (UHMWPE) nanocomposites using Taguchi methodology
Authors: Lawal Dahiru , Bin Ali Annas , Mohammed Abdul Samad
Published: June 2016

Taguchi design techniques have been applied to investigate the significant influence of various operating and design parameters, such as contact load, rotational sliding speed, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) concentration on the tribological properties of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene nanocomposites. Analysis of variance was conducted to discuss the significance of each of the parameters. Simple regression models were developed for wear rate as well as for the coefficient of friction (COF) of the nanocomposite. Applied normal force was found to be the dominant factor controlling the wear rate and friction coefficient. The significance of CNTs concentration on both COF and wear rate closely follow that of applied load. Rotational sliding speed has the least influence on the tribological properties of the nanocomposite. The developed model for predicting wear rate and the COF was found to give very good predictions against the experimental data. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44018.
Performance assessment of protein electrophoresis by using polyacrylamide hydrogel with porous structure modified with SDS micelles as template
Authors: Carranza‐Oropeza M. Verónica , Sherrill Alexander W. , Sanders J. Robby , Arce Pedro E. , Giudici Reinaldo
Published: June 2016

Separation processes are routinely used worldwide in biotechnology, chemical processing, wastewater treatment, and myriad other areas. Gel electrophoresis has been used for decades as a standard technique to separate charged biopolymers, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. In this research, polyacrylamide hydrogels were synthesized in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles as nanotemplating agents in an effort to modify the internal porous microstructure of the gels. After removing these agents via a combination of passive and facilitated means, the gels were used during electrophoresis in order to assess the effects of its modified porous microstructure on protein separations. The results revealed that hydrogels containing 9% acrylamide and templated with SDS micelles in a 5–15% concentration range were the most effective materials in separating proteins in a range of 10–250 kDa. As expected, standard, nontemplated gels also resulted in separation of the proteins but not to the same extent as with the templated hydrogels. In summary, this research highlights the important role of the templating agent as possible useful tuning factors for achieving electrophoresis‐based separation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 44063.
Effect of rubber interparticle distance distribution on toughening behavior of thermoplastic polyolefin elastomer toughened polypropylene
Authors: Fasihi Mohammad , Mansouri Hossein
Published: June 2016

In this study, a blend of polypropylene (PP) and two types of thermoplastic polyolefin elastomers (TPO) were prepared by melt mixing. The TPOs were either ethylene‐ or propylene‐based copolymer. The mechanical response and morphology of the blends were investigated using tensile and impact tests and scanning electron microscopy technique. There was significant increase in the impact strength of the TPO‐modified PP, which was an outcome of fine dispersion of TPO inclusions. In particular, the blends containing PP‐based TPO exhibited dramatic enhancement in toughness energy as featured by a plastic deformation in tensile test. The brittle‐tough transition had several deviations from theoretical models, in which generally the interparticle distance criterion was realized as a single parameter, only controlled the transition of brittle to tough behavior. Moreover, the brittle‐tough transition in tensile and impact mode tests was not coincident in the blend with a broad distribution of interparticle distance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44068.
CHARACTERIZATION OF NICOTINE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR SUBUNITS IN THE COCKROACH Periplaneta americana MUSHROOM BODIES REVEALS A STRONG EXPRESSION OF β1 SUBUNIT: INVOLVEMENT IN NICOTINE‐INDUCED CURRENTS
Authors: Taillebois Emiliane , Thany Steeve H.
Published: June 2016

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are ligand‐gated ion channels expressed in many insect structures, such as mushroom bodies, in which they play a central role. We have recently demonstrated using electrophysiological recordings that different native nicotinic receptors are expressed in cockroach mushroom bodies Kenyon cells. In the present study, we demonstrated that eight genes coding for cockroach nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits are expressed in the mushroom bodies. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments demonstrated that β1 subunit was the most expressed in the mushroom bodies. Moreover, antisense oligonucleotides performed against β1 subunit revealed that inhibition of β1 expression strongly decreases nicotine‐induced currents amplitudes. Moreover, co‐application with 0.5 μM α‐bungarotoxin completely inhibited nicotine currents whereas 10 μM d‐tubocurarine had a partial effect demonstrating that β1‐containing neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subtypes could be sensitive to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist α‐bungarotoxin.
New Class of Hydrido Iron(II) Compounds with cis‐Reactive Sites: Combination of Iron and Diphosphinodithio Ligand
Authors: Liu Jianguo , Zhang Fanjun , Zhang Ailing , Tong Qingxiao , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wang Wenguang
Published: June 2016

The cationic complex [Fe(P2S2)(NCMe)2]2+ (P2S2=(Ph2PC6H4CH2S)2(C2H4) ([1(NCMe)2]2+)), with two MeCN ligands in a cis orientation, was synthesized and characterized. The MeCN ligand in [1(NCMe)2]2+ undergoes further substitution by a hydride ligand or CO to give iron(II) hydrides [H1(NCMe)]+, [H1H]0, and [H1(CO)]+. The order of reactivity of the hydrides was [H1H]0>[H1(NCMe)]+>[H1(CO)]+, and was illustrated by their reactions toward protic acids, the organic cation of 10‐methylacridinium (MeAcr+) as a hydride acceptor, and intermolecular hydride transfer reactions among these ferrous compounds. For example, MeAcr+ was reduced initially by a one‐electron transfer process from [H1H]0, resulting in competing reactions of MeAcr. dimerization, hydrogen atom transfer from [H1H]+ to MeAcr., and decomposition of [H1H]+. MeAcrH was produced in excellent yields through a single‐step H− transfer from [H1(NCMe)]+ to MeAcr+, but [H1(CO)]+ was inactive toward MeAcr+.
Hydrothermal synthesis for high‐quality glutathione‐capped CdxZn1 – xSe and CdxZn1 – xSe/ZnS alloyed quantum dots and its application in Hg(II) sensing
Authors: Lai Lu , Sheng Si‐Yu , Mei Ping , Liu Yi , Guo Qing‐Lian
Published: June 2016

High‐quality CdxZn1 – xSe and CdxZn1 – xSe/ZnS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) emitting in the violet–green spectral range have been successfully prepared using hydrothermal methods. The obtained aqueous CdxZn1 – xSe and CdxZn1 – xSe/ZnS QDs exhibit a tunable photoluminescence (PL) emission (from 433.5 nm to 501.2 nm) and a favorable narrow photoluminescence bandwidth [full width at half maximum (FWHM): 30–42 nm]. After coating with a ZnS shell, the quantum yield increases from 40.2% to 48.1%. These CdxZn1 – xSe and CdxZn1 – xSe/ZnS QDs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. To further understand the alloying mechanism, the growth kinetics of CdxZn1 – xSe were investigated through measuring the fluorescence spectra and X‐ray diffraction spectra at different growth intervals. The results demonstrate that the inverted ZnSe/CdSe core/shell structure is formed initially after the injection of Cd2+. With further heating, the core/shell structured ZnSe/CdSe is transformed into alloyed CdxZn1 – xSe QDs with the diffusion of Cd2+ into ZnSe matrices. With increasing the reaction temperature from 100 °C to 180 °C, the duration time of the alloying process decreases from 210 min to 20 min. In addition, the cytotoxicity of CdxZn1 – xSe and CdxZn1 – xSe/ZnS QDs were investigated. The results indicate that the as‐prepared CdxZn1 – xSe/ZnS QDs have low cytotoxicity, which makes them a promising probe for cell imaging. Finally, the as‐prepared CdxZn1 – xSe/ZnS QDs were utilized to ultrasensitively and selectively detect Hg2+ ions with a low detection limit (1.8 nM).
Enantiomer Separation of Acidic Chiral Compounds on a tert‐Butylcarbamoylquinine‐Silica Hybrid Monolith by Capillary Electrochromatography
Authors: Tran Le Ngoc , Jeong Jeong‐Ae , Park Jung Hag
Published: June 2016

A tert‐butylcarbamoylquinine (
tBuCQUI)‐incorporated silica hybrid monolithic (QUI–SHM) capillary was prepared by “one‐pot” approach via simultaneous sol–gel reaction of tetramethoxysilane and vinyltrimethoxysilane and free radical polymerization of
tBuCQUI. A set of acidic chiral drugs were enantioseparated on QUI–SHM in mobile phases consisting of acetonitrile (ACN), methanol (MeOH), acetic acid (AcOH), and triethylamine (TEA). Influences of ACN/MeOH ratio, AcOH/TEA ratio, and their concentrations on enantioseparation were investigated. Baseline separations of enantiomers of all the compounds investigated were achieved with a mobile phase of 60:38 (v/v) ACN/MeOH containing 350 mM AcOH and 30 mM TEA under the applied voltage of −10 kV at 25°C.