bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mind and spirit are decisive weapons
Authors: Vandergriff Donald E.
Published: October 2019

Everything that is done in a military’s learning has an impact; understanding it allows leadership to make informed decisions based on verifiable observations and valid scientific reasoning. This article provides a learning philosophy to drive the evolution of service members from recruitment through retirement and the proficiency of units. Learning is a foundation that can be used to inform leaders on the development of leadership traits, problem-solving skills, and intangible attributes valued by military leaders and documented in the history of successful military organizations—that win in war. Learning can be verified and validated. It can bring specifications for tasks, conditions, and standards into a keener and complete correspondence with doctrinal requirements not only for training and education but also self-development within the military.
How insurgencies end
Authors: Plakoudas Spyridon
Published: October 2019

Insurgency is currently the most prevalent type of war. However, success in irregular warfare cannot be quantified and measured with absolute certainty. This paper will examine how insurgencies end and how a government can achieve the optimum scenario, military victory. An insurgency could end in three possible ways: a (military) victory for the insurgents or the regime, a peace deal, or a stalemate. However, war constantly evolves; therefore, the above three scenarios can manifest at any time during the course of an insurgency. Therefore, the state should use a balanced mix of reforms and repression. A state must implement a situation-dependent policy that includes good governance and outside support, that ensures the welfare and security of the population, buttressed by an adequate narrative.
Pengaruh Variasi Kuat Arus Terhadap Lebar Pemotongan dan Kekerasan pada Baja Karbon Sedang dengan CNC Plasma Arc Cutting
Authors: Agnitias Riska Surya , Rusiyanto Rusiyanto
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this research is to determine the effects of current variation to the cutting kerf and hardness in medium carbon steel cutting process using CNC Plasma Arc Cutting. This research uses experimental methods to study the effect of a given treatment. The electric current was varied for 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 amps. The test parameters were cutting kerf and hardness. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The test result shows that there are differences in cutting kerf and hardness. The lowest kerf and hardness value was obtained from the 20 amps current, with a kerf of 1.64 mm and a hardness of 707.4 HV. The highest kerf and hardness value were obtained from the 40 amps current test, with a kerf of 2.58 mm and a hardness of 857.7 HV. This research concludes that the variation of electric current in CNC Plasma Arc Cutting process of medium carbon steel affects the kerf (99.59%) and hardness (94.17%). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar variasi kuat arus memberikan pengaruh terhadap lebar pemotongan (Kerf Width) dan kekerasan pada proses pemotongan baja karbon sedang dengan menggunakan CNC Plasma Arc Cutting. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sebab akibat terhadap perlakuan yang diberikan. Variasi kuat arus yang digunakan dalam proses pemotongan ini adalah 20 A, 25A, 30A, 35A, dan 40A. Pengujian yang di lakukan adalah kekerasan dan lebar pemotongan (Kerf Width). Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis menggunakan teknik analisis statistik diskriptif. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan nilai lebar pemotongan (Kerf Width) dan nilai kekerasan. Nilai lebar pemotongan (Kerf Width) dan kekerasan terendah diperoleh pada penggunaan arus sebesar 20 A yaitu dengan nilai lebar sebesar 1,64 mm dan kekerasan sebesar 707,4 HV. Nilai lebar pemotongan (Kerf Width) dan kekerasan tertinggi diperoleh pada penggunaan arus sebesar 40A dengan nilai lebar 2,58 mm dan kekerasan sebesar 857,7 HV.  Penelitian ini dapat disimpulakan bahwa variasi kuat arus pada proses pemotongan baja karbon sedang menggunakan CNC Plasma Arc Cutting memberi pengaruh sebesar 99,59% terhadap nilai lebar pemotongan (Kerf Width) dan sebesar 94,17% terhadap nilai kekerasan.
Pencapaian Hasil Belajar Teori Kejuruan Ditinjau dari Persepsi Mahasiswa pada Pembelajaran Online
Authors: Sukardi Sukardi , Rahmat Muhammad Hudan
Published: October 2019

One of the effort to overcome the ineffectiveness of face-to-face learning is to extend the interaction outside the classroom framework. In this case, advances in information technology can be utilized. The use of technology that functions like classroom face-to-face is through online learning. This study aims to find out: (1) student perceptions of online learning (a Moodle platform); and (2) the effect of student perceptions of online learning on the learning outcomes of Vocational Theory course. The research object was 117 students. The data analysis being used were descriptive statistics and Kendall's tau. The results of the study indicate that online learning is an excellent medium to complement face-to-face learning. The contribution of the perception of learning outcomes found in this study is only 1.70%. It can be said that 98.0% of learning outcomes are determined by other factorsUpaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah ketidak efektifan pembelajaran tatap muka adalah dengan membuat ekstensi berinteraksi di luar kelas. Dalam hal ini, kemajuan teknologi informasi dapat dimanfaatkan. Penggunaan teknologi informasi yang memiliki fungsi seperti layaknya tatap muka dalam kelas tersedia melalui pembelajaran online. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) persepsi mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran online (plat form Moodle); dan (2) pengaruh persepsi mahasiswa pada pembelajaran online terhadap hasil belajar Teori Kejuruan. Objek penelitian berjumlah 117 orang mahasiswa. Teknik analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan Kendall's tau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran online merupakan media yang sangat baik untuk melengkapi pembelajaran tatap muka. Besarnya nilai kontribusi persepsi terhadap hasil belajar yang ditemukan dalam penelitian ini hanya 1,70%, atau 98,30% hasil belajar ditentukan oleh faktor lain.
Abundancia relativa y patrones de actividad de Didelphis marsupialis en un área periurbana de Medellín, Colombia
Authors: Saldaña Garro Isaias , Cadavid Ramírez Ana Cristina , Gómez Ruiz Daisy Alejandra
Published: October 2019

Objetivo. Determinar la abundancia relativa y los patrones de actividad de la zarigüeya común (Didelphis marsupialis) en una zona periurbana del municipio de Medellín, departamento de Antioquia. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se desarrolló en la sede de prácticas y clínica veterinaria Remington ubicada en el corregimiento de Santa Elena. Para el registro de datos se empleó la metodología de fototrampeo durante 3 meses (junio-agosto de 2017), invirtiendo un esfuerzo total de 166 días/trampa. Resultados. Se obtuvieron un total de 275 registros independientes de la especie y se estimó una abundancia relativa de 52.88. El patrón de actividad muestra un primer pico de actividad al comienzo de la noche (19:00) y un segundo pico en la madrugada (3:00), con una posterior disminución hacia las horas de la madrugada. Conclusiones. Los resultados muestran una abundancia relativa alta con respecto a otras localidades en Colombia, además de evidenciar una población reproductivamente activa. Al mismo tiempo se convierten en una herramienta para el fortalecimiento de estrategias de conservación y sensibilización a los pobladores locales sobre la fauna de la región.
Divulgación de información responsable por los gobiernos locales españoles
Authors: Pache-Durán María , Nevado-Gil María Teresa
Published: October 2019

El acceso a la información pública, la transparencia y las normas de buen gobierno son los ejes fundamentales de cualquier ente público en el siglo XXI. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en analizar la información sobre responsabilidad social que ofrecen las 50 capitales de provincias españolas a través de sus sitios web, utilizando la técnica de análisis de contenido. Los resultados muestran que la información más divulgada está relacionada con la contratación de servicios y obras públicas, en contraposición a la de carácter medioambiental, que es la menos difundida. A pesar de ello, a los gobiernos locales españoles aún les queda un largo camino por recorrer en materia de divulgación de información responsable.
Conceptual Representation of a Politically Correct Vocabulary (Exampled by the French Language)
Authors: Порохницкая Лидия , Porokhnitskaya Lydia , Теплякова Светлана , Teplyakova Svetlana
Published: October 2019

The research offers a way of studying the formation of lexical and phraseological units in the French politically correct discourse. Despite a quite scrutinous study of various aspects of modern ideology and politically correct language – mostly, in the English language, – the issue how to model politically correct language remains obscure. This paper attempts to identify formation models of not just individual language units in French that have the potential to mitigate and camouflage negative social practices and tabooed life phenomena, but also entire nominative areas of politically correct discourse. Within the framework of this research, the authors has carried out a conceptual analysis of politically correct lexical and phraseological units of the modern French language representing different areas, and identified regular conceptual models of the formation of a politically correct vocabulary. At the present stage of the research, it is possible to state that metonymic models play a leading role in the replenishment of a politically correct language. The study helps to identify seven metonymic conceptual units of an organized system. Inside the units, concepts are clustered and arranged according to the degree of generalization, which corresponds to the extent of their euphemistic potential to mitigate and camouflage represented phenomena. The concepts of different units correlate in the formation of the language unit semantics. The research describes the basic models of such interaction.
Ancient Books of Siberia (Based on Archaeological Expeditions of the State Public Scientific & Technical Library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2014–2017)
Authors: Бородихин Андрей , Borodikhin Andrey
Published: October 2019

The paper describes the recent findings of the search and in-office archaeographic work of the department of rare books and manuscripts of Siberia's largest library with the focus on preserving the book cultural heritage of Ancient Russia in the east of the country, including with modern technologies of copying and IT.
Methodical Approach to Assessing the Impact of Investment Activities on Import Substitution in Machine-Building Product Markets
Authors: Борисов Владимир , Borisov Vladimir , Почукаева Ольга , Pochukaeva Olga
Published: October 2019

The design of methods helping to assess the impact of investments and innovations on the development of manufacture and the growth of competitiveness in the engineering industries aims at establishing a system of criteria and tools used in forecasting and analytics of the impact from the innovative technological development of machine building on the performance of the real sector of the Russian economy. The developed toolkit helps to quantitatively estimate the development of machine-building commodity markets and anticipate structural changes depending on the effectiveness of investment activity. To measure import substitution in the growing market, the authors offer an indicator quantifying the increasing demand in the domestic market due to the increased output of domestic machinery products taking into account the export trends. This indicator helps to measure competitiveness as the outcome of investment and innovation effectiveness in the engineering industries. Thus, if the increasing demand in the growing market beats out the production growth figures and spurs an increase in the share of imported equipment in the domestic market, this indicates limited production capacities of domestic businesses, poor and uncompetitive manufacturing capacities. If, in the growing market, both indicators show an upward trend, it means that domestic enterprises possess technologies for increased output with technical and operational specifications meeting the global standards.
Sources of Norms, Plurality of Regulatory Systems and Moral Relativism: Explanatory Resources of Sociological Theory
Authors: Девятко Инна , Devyatko Inna
Published: October 2019

The research describes the core sociological approaches to the theoretical interpretation of interrelated key issues of modern sociology of morality — the sources of the significance of multiple regulatory orders, the relations of morality and power, the role of morality as a universal intermediary in potential conflicts among regulatory systems (in particular, between state and non-state laws, professional ethics, religion, corporate codes of conduct, etc.). Based on the critical scrutiny of classical and modern approaches to the sources of norms and relations between multiple regulatory systems, in particular law and morality, the author outlines perspective directions of the theoretical interpretation of the relationship between morality and law. Using the reconstructed reasoning against the thesis of moral relativism in the social sciences recently offered by S. Lukes, the research studies the possibility of describing “moral” and “conventional” as analytically different dimensions of social norms, as well as the prospects of using the concept of “participating reactive mindsets” as a theoretical interpretation of the general source of moral emotions and judgments.
International Academic Conference Formation of Images of Russia and Russians in the Western Discourse Practices of the 20th–21st Centuries (Voronezh, 19–21 April, 2018)
Authors: Воротникова Анна , Vorotnikova Anna
Published: October 2019

The conference discussed a wide range of issues related to the peculiarities of the design and existence of images of “Russianness” in various types of discourse in the Western culture (journalistic, political, artistic, scientific, daily). A special focus was given to the mechanisms of stereotyping, as well as identifying the dependence of the prevailing ideas about Russia and Russians on a number of factors: the specifics of the discourse, the time and source of occurrence, the specific object of discursive representation, the target audience.
The Russian Assembly of the Nobility as a Communication Venue for the Upper Class and the Emperor (1780–1850s)
Authors: Куприянов Александр , Kupriyanov Aleksandr
Published: October 2019

For the first time in the historiography, the paper views the Russian (Moscow) Assembly of the Nobility as a communication venue for the upper class and the Emperor. Based upon archival documents, periodicals, letters, diaries and records of the contemporaries, the researcher focuses on the emerging reception practices by the public organization of the Emperor, as well as various ways of communication that arose between the monarch and his subjects at a ball. The spatial-hierarchical place of a person at a ball and at the festive table depended on his/her symbolic capital: rank, nobility, age, and personal acquaintance with the emperor and his family.

The communication at a ball was secular by nature, and excluded any serious topics. The communication between the monarch and the nobility at a ball was of three types: dancing and body contact, verbal and visual. Imperial balls in the Russian Assembly of the Nobility aimed at strengthening the monarch's ties with the nobility and served as a crucial tool of publicly expressing the pro-monarchical feelings by the Moscow’s upper class. Therefore, the leaders and members of the assembly, who appreciated the symbolic value of these balls, spent huge amounts of money on their organization. The details of the monarch’s receptions in the Russian Assembly of the Nobility were published in newspapers.

The research is based on a wide range of archival (Central State Archive of Moscow, Russian State Archive of Literature and Art) and published sources: chamber fourrier journals, memoirs, notes and letters, as well as periodicals (newspapers Severnaya Pchela, Severnaya Pochta, Moskovskie Vedomosti). Many of these materials are first introduced into the academic domain.
Ukrainian Copies of the Explanatory Prophesies (XVI — the Early XVII Century) and Their Russian Protographs
Authors: Калугин Василий , Kalugin Vasiliy
Published: October 2019

Based on the East Slavic manuscripts of The Explanatory Prophesies, the author evaluated book links between the Moscow and the Lithuanian Rus. Two Ukrainian copies of The Explanatory Prophesies related to the middle of the XVI century and the beginning of the XVII century were studied. For the first time the author revealed their relationship with Russian protographs (i.e., Glagolitic manuscripts of The Explanatory Prophesies (the late XV century) and the Vulgate translated by Gennadius’s, archbishop of Novgorod, group in the early 90s of the XV century).
Multi-Level Competition and Its Mathematical Models
Authors: Светуньков Сергей , Svetun'kov Sergey
Published: October 2019

A modern competition theory deals with a single-level B2C market involving product vendors (i.e., its manufacturers) and innumerable quantity of ultimate buyers. Also, several researchers study B2B competition. However, nobody has taken a shot at study of systemic interrelationship of various market levels as yet. This the first paper in this regard. It represents successive description of approaches, methods and models of various market levels and relevant competition. A cri­tical constructive analysis of modern tool base of the competition theory is performed. The paper demonstrates several ways of its advance and development by modification of existing models and coefficients, as well as application of new ones.
Presidency Institute in Post-Soviet Countries: Evaluation Method, Factors of Model Formation and Transformation
Authors: Борисов Николай , Borisov Nikolay
Published: October 2019

Due to various reasons, several presidentialistic models influencing regime transformation paths, were formed in independent post-Soviet countries. Along with this, despite several coups, power shift and political elite renewal, each model turned out to be extremely stable demonstrating a trend toward reproduction (i.e., institutionalization that requires explanation and conceptualization). To begin with, novelty of the research is that a post-Soviet presidency institute of a certain country or a group of countries is attributed to one or another presidentialistic model and their comparative analysis is performed in the light of potential political regime stability forecasting; secondly, a comprehensive method of post-Soviet presidentialism evaluation based on study of formal and informal practices of presidency institute functioning is developed; thirdly, presi­dentialistic models are considered to be stable patterns reproducible even after presidential power shift and so-called “revolutions”. Based on the author’s findings, abstract theorems involving division of post-Soviet presidency institute models were created, as well as genesis and transformation of post-Soviet presidency institute models were evaluated. A comprehensive method of post-Soviet presidency institute evaluation based on study of formal and informal practices of its functioning was developed. It enables a follow-up research of these models. Indices of presidency institute competitiveness and institutionalization used to assess presidency institute in post-Soviet countries were calculated. Stable and reproducible models of a presidency institute were detected in post-Soviet countries. A relationship between presidency institute functioning and types of post-Soviet party systems was justified.
Genesis of Psychological Sovereignty: Birth Order Factor
Authors: Нартова-Бочавер Софья , Nartova-Bochaver Sof'ya , Силина Ольга , Silina Ol'ga
Published: October 2019

The ability to defend the boundaries of one’s empirical self — dispositional sovereignty — is a personality trait with a great adaptive value. It develops through the generalization of everyday actions aimed at protecting the boundaries in discrete situations with other people, first, with one’s family. This paper explores the role of sibling status (birth order) in the development of this trait. Two empirical studies were conducted. In the first of them, carried out with the participation of children aged from two to ten, it is shown that the most mature ways of protection are for only children in the family, the least mature are the first children, and the second children in the family demonstrate an intermediate level of development of boundary protection skills. In the second study conducted on the youth sample, it is shown that the relationship between sovereignty and the order of birth depends on gender: sovereignty hits its peak among younger girls and older boys.
New Drug Situation in Russia
Authors: Позднякова Маргарита , Pozdnyakova Margarita
Published: October 2019

The paper explores the rapidly changing drug situation and provides insights into the emergence of various ways of shift to the “new” models of drug abuse, defines the role of “controlled” drug use among different ages and gender groups. It reviews the situation in hand, reveals positive changes: fewer total number of registered addicts, less opioid addiction, fewer injecting drug users. However, the author highlights the onset of massively veiled (illicit) drug abuse, describes the growth of public interest in various psychostimulants. A whole category of new drugs has emerged. Their availability and, in some cases, low cost prompt various drug experiments among both regular and occasional consumers and those prone to first trials. This triggered a change in the methods of drug abuse towards multiple drug abuse. Among certain groups of the population, such models as “status”, “recreational”, and “club” drug abuse have become widespread. The author identifies and shows real practices of controlled drug abuse. Such “controlled” consumption is most often an intermediate stage in the formation of drug addiction with a delayed period, which requires special forms of social control.
To the Question of Automation of Development and Correction of Passports of Territory Safety
Authors: Yannikov I. V. , Telegina M. V.
Published: October 2019

В статье рассматриваются вопросы разработки автоматизированной системы формирования и корректировки паспорта безопасности территории. Кратко описана актуальность темы, указываются проблемные вопросы, существующие в настоящее время, а также дается ссылка на основные нормативные правовые акты, регламентирующие создание паспортов. К основным проблемным вопросам данного аспекта деятельности относится то, что существующая в настоящее время в органах повседневного управления РСЧС база информационно-справочных ресурсов весьма громоздка, требует затрат большого количества времени, людских и машинных ресурсов при их корректировке. В указанную базу включается достаточно много информации: данные об источниках, параметрах, последствиях ЧС, о составе и размещении органов управления, сил и средств, предназначенных для предупреждения и ликвидации чрезвычайных ситуаций, организации их взаимодействия и информационного обмена в различных режимах функционирования РСЧС. Данная информация зачастую дублируется, ее объем, как правило, статичен и при передаче на вышестоящий уровень не снижается. Сложность разработки паспорта безопасности заключается в необходимости проведения комплексного анализа факторов, характеризующих весь спектр возможных чрезвычайных ситуаций, а также состояния безопасности данных территорий и готовности территориальных подсистем РСЧС, сил и средств выполнять мероприятия по предназначению.Предлагается специализированная информационная система для создания и обновления паспортов безопасности территорий, включающая графический модуль, базу данных (БД) и модуль обновления БД. Реализация указанной системы позволит сократить время для обновления и анализа информации, предназначенной для корректировки паспортов территорий.
To System Optimization of Spur Gears
Authors: Kucherjuk V. I. , Babichev D. T. , Shaptala I. V.
Published: October 2019

В данной работе выполнено математическое моделирование одного из важных блоков системной оптимизации геометрической формы зуба по напряженно-деформированному состоянию, который связан с надежностью передачи. Составлена функция оптимизации, основанная на системном методе. Проведено исследование напряженного состояния; показано, что прочность зуба обеспечивается в основном изгибной и контактной прочностью в области ножки зуба. Рассмотрены по отдельности оптимизация геометрии зуба по изгибным и контактным напряжениям. Определен оптимальный контур зуба в корневой части от действия сил в зацеплении, обеспечивающих усталостную прочность при изгибе. Выполнена оптимизация по контактным напряжениям – получена формула для длины контакта. Анализ показал, что для расчета на прочность зуба отпадает необходимость решать плоскую задачу теории упругости, достаточно балочной теории и формулы Герца с учетом трения. Для переходной кривой при отношении наименьшего радиуса кривизны к половине ширины зуба меньше 0,6 необходимо уточнение методом моментной депланационной теории упругости. Контур зуба представлен составной функцией в виде сплайна. Отмечены положительные и отрицательные стороны различных профилей зуба (эвольвенты, параболы и переходной кривой).
Application of the Roughness Parameters to Characterize Heterogeneity of the Ultrasound Images of Medical Diagnos-tics
Authors: Bazhenova A. I. , Milich V. N. , Muravyeva O. V. , Kuznetsov E. P. , Gulyaeva Yu. S.
Published: October 2019

Приведены результаты исследования возможностей использования шаговых и высотных параметров шероховатости поверхности для решения задач анализа структурной неоднородности ультразвуковых (УЗ) изображений. Параметры шероховатости адаптированы для двумерного случая и рассчитаны для фрагментов двух УЗ-изображений патологических и здоровых структур щитовидной железы с размерами фрагментов 20´20, 40´40, 70´70 пикселей. Параметры шероховатости исследованы с точки зрения их разделительной способности. Анализ разделительной способности параметров шероховатости позволил выявить два параметра: модифицированный высотный параметр как среднее арифметическое от абсолютных значений отклонений выступов в пределах базовой длины, а также шаговый параметр как относительные опорные длины профиля при нескольких уровнях сечения. Результаты исследования позволяют говорить о перспективности использования подходов, основанных на применении параметров шероховатости, для анализа структурных неоднородностей УЗ-изображений. Выявленные параметры шероховатости могут служить для формирования пространства признаков при применении методов классификации для автоматического принятия решения о наличии или отсутствии патологии по ультразвуковому изображению. С целью повышения достоверности предлагаемых параметров требуется их апробация на большем наборе УЗ-медицинских изображений с разными размерами фрагментов.
Theoretical Issues of Linear Spatial Invariant Systems of Signal Processing
Authors: Ponomarev A. V.
Published: October 2019

В статье рассмотрены теоретические вопросы дискретных линейных пространственно-инвариантных систем обработки сигналов. Даны определения некоторых основных понятий в области двумерной обработки дискретных сигналов. На основе анализа природы происхождения дискретных двумерных сигналов подробно рассмотрены свойства дискретных линейных пространственно-инвариантных систем: суперпозиция, пропорциональность (гомогенность, однородность), коммутативность, физическая реализуемость, устойчивость. В работе приведены результаты анализа принципов, лежащих в основе пространственно-инвариантных (изопланатических) относительно сдвига систем. Подробно рассмотрены свойства разделимых дискретных линейных пространственно-инвариантных систем. Определены характеристики суперсистем, полученных последовательным (каскадным) и параллельным соединением дискретных линейных пространственно-инвариантных субсистем с известными дискретными двумерными передаточными функциями. Рассмотрены дискретные обобщенные линейные двумерные системы. В статье названы причины актуальности и своевременности развития теории линейных пространственно-инвариантных систем обработки дискретных сигналов, а также синтеза двумерных унитарных преобразований с варьируемыми параметрами.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AN ECOLOGICAL, NEW AND RAPID STABILITY-INDICATING HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY FOR QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF AZTREONAM IN LYOPHILIZED POWDER FOR INJECTION
Authors: Figueiredo Andressa Leme , Kogawa Ana Carolina , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes
Published: October 2019

Aztreonam is a monocyclic synthetic antimicrobial with bactericidal activity against Gram-negative bacteria, the first agent from the monobactam family to be therapeutically approved. It was developed and validated analytical method using high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection at 292 nm to quantify the aztreonam. Furthermore, assessing stability through stress tests was carried out. The chromatographic separation was carried out by reverse phase on an Agilent C18 column (250 x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with a mobile phase composed of water:ethanol (70:30, v/v) adjusted to pH 2.5 with acetic acid, pumped isocratically at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The validation parameters linearity, selectivity, precision, accuracy, robustness, limits of detection and quantification were determined. The method proposed provides linear response within the concentration range of 45-95 µg/mL for aztreonam. Results obtained were found to be satisfactory. The proposed method is linear, accurate, precise, selective, and robust being able to quantify the aztreonam in raw material and in pharmaceutical preparations. The validated method was suitable for applications in quality control laboratories.
FIRST EDITION
Authors: Steppe Martin
Published: October 2019

Analysis of drugs requires standing search for reliable analytical techniques, essential to assure their identification and concentration in several matrices. In this context, the edition of scientific works has the objective of contributing with the researchers of the analytical area collaborating with the diffusion and knowledge related to this subject.The editorial team is celebrating the first volume of the journal Drug Analytical Research, a result of the effort of professors and collaborators who have taken up the challenge of expanding the analytical research involving therapeutic substances.The scope of the journal is focused on the analytical determination of drugs in different matrices, impurities, propositions of new analytical methods, as well as the systematic review of issues of separation and quantitative determination.At this moment, we would like to invite to access the website of the journal through the address (http://seer.ufrgs.br/index/php/dar) and appreciate the articles and reviews included in this first edition.Finally, we thank all those who supported this project, especially to Dra. Amanda Thomas Barden, who helped effectively in all stages of publication of this journal. Porto Alegre, August 28th, 2017Martin SteppeLead Editor
FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR ANTISEPTIC GEL FORMULATIONS INCORPORATING THE ESSENTIAL OILS CYMBOPOGON CITRATUS (DC.) STAPF. AND CARYOPHYLLUS AROMATICUS L.
Authors: Vinciguerra Layane Lenardon , Rohr Caroline , Heberlé Graziela
Published: October 2019

Recent years have seen an increase in the search by the pharmaceutical industry for products and active ingredients of natural origin. Additionally, there is a need for the creation of new market products such as antiseptics, used to prevent or reduce the risk of infection by inhibiting the proliferation of microorganisms. The objective of this study was to produce two antiseptic gels by incorporating into each of them individually an essential oil, namely lemongrass and cloves, and subsequently evaluating the antimicrobial activity by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing. The oils and gels were tested in parallel and resulted in a similar profile that can be observed in the inhibition concentration. This was a preliminary study that merits further investigation, which may progress to stability testing and evaluation of lower concentrations incorporated into the gel base.
ECO-FRIENDLY GREEN LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC FOR DETERMINATION OF DOXYCYCLINE IN TABLETS AND IN THE PRESENCE OF ITS DEGRADATION PRODUCTS
Authors: Ghidini Loren , Kogawa Ana , Salgado Hérida Regina Nunes
Published: October 2019

Doxycycline, an oral antimicrobial, does not present a sustainable analytical method described in the literature using liquid chromatography. A new and efficient method was developed and validated for the quantification of doxycycline tablets by HPLC-UV. Its aim is the contribution to the green analytical chemistry since it has low use of organic solvent and low production of toxic waste. The HPLC-UV method used a mixture of purified water + 0.5 % acetic acid and ethanol (40:60, v/v). The ﬂow rate was 0.8 mL min-1, C18 Luna column, 20 μL of injected volumes at 275 nm. The samples were prepared in purified water and the method was linear over the concentration range of 20–200 μg mL-1 (r = 0.9997) with limits of detection and quantiﬁcation of 1.08 and 3.27 μg mL-1, respectively. The precision of the method showed RSD 0.50 % (intra-assay), 2.35 % (inter-assay) and 1.13 % (between analysts). The accuracy of the method was determined by standard recovery and it was 99.85 %. The DOX tablets were subjected to oxidative, acid, basic, neutral and photolytic degradation and it showed be stability indicative. Statistical analysis provided reliable, safety and reproducible results. The method is considered linear, selective, precise, accurate, robust, indicative of stability and safe to be used in routine quality control analyzes for determination and quantification of doxycycline in tablets. The proposed method is an ecologically correct alternative for the evaluation of doxycycline tablets.
The role of mixed Mycoplasma and Herpesvirus infections in case of skin lesions in children
Authors: Kuvardina H. O. , Kharlamova F. S. , Polesko I. V. , Shamsheva O. V. , Ostapuschenko O. S.
Published: October 2019

Numerous literature data show the role of mycoplasma infection in the development of non-respiratory lesions of various organs and systems, including the skin. Herpesvirus and mycoplasma infections can trigger the development of immune-mediated inflammatory reactions of the skin and mucous membranes — erythema multiforme exudative, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, vesicular pustular dermatosis — Sneddon-Wilkinson syndrome, etc.

In order to study the frequency and nature of skin lesions with mycoplasmosis combined with herpesvirus infection, 45 patients aged 3 to 15 years of life were observed. A comprehensive clinical and laboratory study revealed skin lesions in 27 patients associated with current mycoplasma and herpesvirus infections. Thus, multiforme exudative erythema in the small form variant was diagnosed in 13 patients, skin vasculitis in 4, hemorrhagic purpura in 3, urticaria rash in 3, erythema nodosum in 2, mucositis in 2 children. In 18 children, a combined mycoplasma and herpesvirus infection was established. In 9 children, a mono infection was detected (in 5 — herpes virus and in 4 — mycoplasma).

All observed patients showed antibodies to smooth muscle antigens in titers from 1:80 to 1:160 (normal 1:40) and in the vast majority (in 24 patients) — antibodies to vascular endothelial antigens in titers from 1:80 to 1:320 (with the norm of 1:40). Compaction of the intima-media complex was detected in 6 patients with monoinfection and in 16 patients with co-infection, according to ultrasound duplex scanning of the vessels of the brachiocephalic department.

Thus, for various immuno-inflammatory, allergic skin diseases, screening for infections, in particular, mycoplasma and herpesvirus, is necessary to optimize treatment.
Pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder associated with Streptococcal infection (PANDAS syndrome): real-world practice and clinical case
Authors: Uspenskaya T. L. , Vinogradova T. V. , Ipatova S. L. , Sitnikova E. P. , Kasatkin D. S.
Published: October 2019

Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus is one of the most important infectious agents leading to both direct damage to organs, and to various cross-reactions with body antigens. One of these forms, manifested by the defeat of subcortical ganglia, is PANDAS syndrome. This paper describes the international criteria and clarifies the differences between this disorder and other forms of brain damage. Paper also describes the clinical case of PANDAS syndrome in a 7-year-old child.
Ulceroglandular form of Тularemia
Authors: Rossina A. L. , Chuelov S. B. , Korsunskiy A. A. , Kaschenko O. A. , Lyubeznova I. G. , Atapina A. E. , Dolgushina O. A. , Tebenkov A V. , Shamsheva O. V.
Published: October 2019

The article provides a brief literature review on tularemia, shows the current epidemic situation of tularemia in Russia and analyzes the characteristic clinical picture of the ulceroglandular form of tularemia. A clinical example of an ulceroglandular form of tularemia in a child.
MENGGALI NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER DALAM PERMAINAN MAGOAK-GOAKAN DESA PANJI KECAMATAN SUKASADA SEBAGAI SUMBER BAHAN PENGAYAAN PEMBELAJARAN IPS DI SMP NEGERI 4 SINGARAJA
Authors: Tri Esaputra I Nyoman , Pageh I Made , Maryati Tuty
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan; Untuk mengetahui latar belakang sejarah permainan           magoak-goakan, Untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam permainan magoak-goakan, Untuk mengetahui bentuk pengintegrasian permainan magoak-goakan ke dalam pembelajaran IPS. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Peneliti menentukan tiga lokasi penelitian, yaitu, Pura Pajenengan, Banjar Dauh Pura Desa Panji, dan SMP Negeri 4 Singaraja. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan teknik pengumpulan data yakni, wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumen. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa; (1) permainan magoak-goakan merupakan strategi Gusti Ngurah Panji Sakti untuk mempersatukan suara rakyat dalam usahanya berperang melawan kerajaan Blambangan; (2) Nilai-nilai karakter yang terkandung dalam permainan magoak-goakan yakni: nilai disiplin, nilai kerjasama, nilai religius, nilai toleransi, nilai kerja keras, dan nilai komunikatif; (3) Adapun strategi pengintegrasian nilai-nilai karakter dalam permainan magoak-goakan ke dalam pembelajaran IPS adalah dengan meninjau silabus, menentukan KD yang relevan, memilih topik pada buku ajar yang relevan, menyusun RPP mengaplikasikan permainan magoak-goakan sebagai sumber belajar.  Kata Kunci:nilai karakter, permainan magoak-goakan, pendidikan IPS
PEMANFAATAN MEDIA SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS (SIG) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATA PELAJARAN IPS
Authors: Witama I Wayan , Astra Wesnawa I Gede , Sriartha I Putu
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP Negeri 1 Selemadeg dengan tujuan: (1) mengkaji motivasi belajar siswa dengan menggunakan aplikasi SIG sebagai media pembelajaran. (2) menganalisis hasil belajar siswa dengan menggunakan aplikasi SIG sebagai media pembelajaran. Untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian digunakan rancangan eksperimen semu  The Posttest-Only Control Group Design dengan menetapkan sampel dua kelas sebagai sampel kelas control dan kelas treatment yang telah disetarakan sebelumnya. Data motivasi dikumpulkan dengan kuesioner skala 5 dan data hasil belajar dikumpulkan dengan memberikan tes hasil belajar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan statistik t-test. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan motivasi belajar siswa yang menggunakan media SIG dengan menggunakan media light projector  ( t hitung = 9,209, P < 0,05). Motivasi belajar siswa dengan pemanfaatan media SIG lebih tinggi (rata-rata = 85,6) dibandingkan dengan pemanfaatan media light projector (rata-rata =74,8). (2) terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan media SIG dengan menggunakan media light projector ( t hitung = 3,992, P < 0,05). Hasil belajar siswa dengan pemanfaatan media SIG lebih tinggi (rata-rata = 11,9) dibandingkan dengan pemanfaatan media light projector (rata-rata = 8,3). Implikasi hasil penelitian adalah penggunaan media SIG dapat dipertimbangkan untuk diimplementasikan dalam proses pembelajaran IPS di SMP terutama dalam meningkatkan motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa. Kata kunci : Motivasi, Hasil belajar IPS, Media Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG
"Minusta tuntuu, ettei suomalaisille naisille sovi iskulauseiden sorvaaminen": Toimittajien tasa-arvokeskustelu 1980- ja 1990-luvulla
Authors: Kurvinen Heidi
Published: October 2019

Toimittajan ammatti on ollut Suomessa naisvaltainen ala 1990-luvun puolivälistä, mutta ammatin miesvaltainen perinne näkyy edelleen työskentelykulttuurissa. Vaikka toimittajat ovat keskustelleet tasa-arvosta yhä enemmän 1980-luvulta lähtien, sukupuolten epätasa-arvoista kohtelua esiintyy sekä ammatin sisällä että journalistisissa teksteissä. Artikkelissani väitän tämän johtuvan suomalaisen toimittajakunnan maltillisesta suhtautumisesta tasa-arvokysymysten ajamiseen. Lisäksi esitän, että aktiivisempi tasa-arvokeskustelu olisi edellyttänyt toimittajanaisilta kykyä tunnistaa epätasa-arvoisen kohtelun sekä sukupuolia eri tavoin esittävien journalismin sisältöjen heissä aiheuttamaa mielipahaa. Testaan väitettäni analysoimalla vuosina 2014–2016 keräämiäni toimittajanaisten haastatteluja sekä Sanomalehtimies/Journalisti- ja Tiedotustutkimus-lehden ja SAL vuosikirjan artikkeleita.
Éxito terapéutico del antibiótico empírico en la neutropenia febril por quimioterapia de inducción a la remisión de las leucemias agudas.
Authors: García Méndez Sergio
Published: October 2019

Introducción: La neutropenia febril (NF) es una complicación frecuente de la quimioterapia de inducción a la remisión de leucemia aguda (QIRLA), el diagnóstico oportuno y el tratamiento adecuado evita el incremento de la morbimortalidad. Nuestro objetivo principal fue cuantificar el éxito terapéutico (ET) de los esquemas antimicrobianos empíricos empleados en el tratamiento de NF de alto riesgo en nuestro Hospital y de forma secundaria identificar las variables asociadas a este desenlace.Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo. Evaluamos expedientes de pacientes que desarrollaron NF de alto riesgo posterior a la QIRLA entre enero de 2007 y diciembre de 2014. Medimos variables demográficas, asociadas a la leucemia, a la neutropenia febril y al tratamiento. Análisis estadístico descriptivo y correlación de Spearman.Resultados: Incluimos expedientes de 42 pacientes con diagnóstico de leucemia aguda. El ET ocurrió en 93% de los pacientes, la ceftazidima/amikacina (43%) y el imipenem (41%) fueron los antimicrobianos más utilizados y el ET fue semejante para ambos antibióticos (88 y 95%, respectivamente). Se documentó infección bacteriana en 20 pacientes (47.6%). Hubo correlaciones significativas (p<0.05) con el retraso del inicio y con el escalamiento del tratamiento para el fracaso del tratamiento.Conclusiones: El ET global y categorizado por esquema antimicrobiano fue semejante al reportado en la literatura. El retraso del inicio y el escalonamiento terapéutico tienen una correlación negativa con el ET.
Síndrome nefrótico paraneoplásico, presentación infrecuente en leucemia linfoblástica aguda en pediatría. Reporte de caso
Authors: Liquidano-Pérez Eduardo
Published: October 2019

Introducción. El síndrome nefrótico (SN) como manifestación paraneoplásica de leucemia linfoblastica aguda (LAL) es infrecuente en la edad pediátrica, se realiza la presentación de un caso.Presentación del caso. Masculino de 2 años de edad, inicia padecimiento de 3 días de evolución con palidez, astenia, adinamia y edema bipalpebral, clinicamente adenomegalias en cadena cervical anterior 0.5 cm móviles, no dolorosas, hepatomegalia, edema bipalpebral y de extremidades inferiores, sospecha de síndrome nefrótico, niega fiebre y antecedente de infecciones, se solicita biometria hemática: hemoglobina 9.5 g/dl, hematocrito 27.2%, leucocitos 17 100 cel/mm3, plaquetas 20,000, frotis de sangre periférica 40% de blastos; DHL 354 UI/dl, colesterol 254 mg/dl, triglicéridos 419 mg/dl, albúmina 1.4 mg/dl; líquido cefalorraquídeo sin blastos, aspirado de médula ósea: 100% blastos, diagnóstico de Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda iniciando tratamiento. Discusión. Dada la escasez de información sobre el SN como manifestación inicial de LAL en pediatría, no ha sido posible delimitar el mecanismo de producción del SN, la mayoría de los casos reportados tienen como antecedente tratamiento con glucocorticoides, abriendo el gran enigma de si el tratamiento del SN favoreció la proliferación leucocitos neoplásicos o se trata de una manifestación paraneoplásica de LAL. En el caso no hubo antecedente de tratamiento inmunosupresor apoyando que el SN es una manifestación temprana de LAL.Conclusión. La rara presentación de SN paraneoplásico en LAL, siempre será necesaria la búsqueda intencionada de la causa lo que permitirá individualización del tratamiento, precisión diagnóstica que repercute en la supervivencia de pacientes.
Algunas reflexiones sobre el Síndrome de las Plaquetas Pegajosas (SPP) en 2019
Authors: Ruiz Argüelles Guillermo J
Published: October 2019

El síndrome de las plaquetas pegajosas (SPP) fue descrito por Holliday y Mammen, en 1983. Supone trastornos en la agregabilidad de las plaquetas, caracterizados por incremento anormal de la misma y en consecuencia tendencia a ocasionar fenómenos trombóticos, tanto arteriales como venosos. El SPP se define por pruebas de agregación plaquetaria caracterizadas por hiperagregabilidad en respuesta a concentraciones variables de ADP y/o epinefrina. El SPP es la causa más frecuente de trombosis tanto arteriales como venosas en México. Se han descrito tres variantes del SPP: Tipos I, II y III, de acuerdo con los resultados en las pruebas de agregación plaquetaria. Tipo I: hiperagregabilidad con epinefrina y con ADP. Tipo II: hiperagregabilidad únicamente con epinefrina. Tipo III: hiperagregabilidad solamente con ADP. Las pruebas de agregación con epinefrina se realizan a concentraciones de 11, 1.1 y 0.55 uM., en tanto las hechas con ADP: 2.34, 1.17 y 0.58 uM.
LINFOMA CUTÁNEO T/NATURAL KILLER TIPO HIDROA VACCINIFORME
Authors: Álvarez Endara Julio Alberto
Published: October 2019

El linfoma tipo hidroa vacciniforme (HV) es una enfermedad linfoproliferativa rara, generalmente mortal, causada por el virus de Epstein-Barr que afecta a niños de Asia, México y América del Sur. Las manifestaciones cutáneas imitan, una fotodermatosis benigna. Los linfomas cutáneos en niños son raros. Los datos disponibles por lo general son de adultos, cuya incidencia es de 0,3 /1 000 000 habitantes.  En ellos, la piel es la segunda localización de linfomas primarios extranodales Se presentó el caso de un paciente de sexo masculino de 13 años con compromiso cutáneo generalizado, desencadenado por la luz solar. Se realizó biopsia cutánea con lo que se llega al diagnóstico de linfoma cutáneo tipo hidroa, recibió tratamiento con 2 ciclos de CHOP( ciclofosfamida, vincristina, doxorrubicina y prednisona) y posteriormente con COMP( ciclofosfamida, vincristina, Metrotexate y prednisona) obteniendo una remisión parcial de las lesiones de la piel.Se considera significativa   la presentación de este caso ya que son pocos los  casos reportados en la literatura internacional y en nuestro país no tenemos una casuística real de la presentación de este cuadro clínico.Palabras clave:   Linfoma cutáneo de células T, Fotodermatosis, Celulas T y natural killer.