bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between lipid peroxidation and antioxidants in rats with experimental acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes
Authors: Verveha Bоhdana
Published: January 2022

Introduction. There are evidence that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of the acute generalized peritonitis and diabetes mellitus.The aim of study was to examine levels of the products of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidants in rats with experimental acute generalized peritonitis against the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes.Material and methods. The experiment was performed on 66 adult white male rats weighing 220-300 g. Diabetes mellitus in experimental animals was simulated by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (Sigma) at the dose of 60 mg/kg. Acute generalized peritonitis was induced with 10% faecal suspension in a dose of 0.5 ml per 100 g of animal weight in the abdominal cavity of laboratory animals by puncture method. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) and ceruloplasmin (CP) were estimated and compared.Results. Our results showed that during all stages of development of acute generalized peritonitis on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes there is the LOOHs decrease and the TBARS increase. We observed statistically significant inverse correlations between the level of LOOHs and SOD in the animals of subgroup 1 (r = -0.88; p <0.05) and inverse correlations between the TBARS level and the SOD level in the subgroup 3 of animals (r = -0.74; p <0.05). We also found a statistically significant inverse correlation between the CAT level and the TBARS level (r = -0.86; p <0.05) and between the CP level and the TBARS level in the blood of animals in the subgroup 3 (r = -0.87; p <0.05).Conclusion. Negative statistically significant correlations between the TBARS level and the antioxidants (SOD, CAT, CP) in the blood of animals with acute generalized peritonitis on the background of streptozotocin-induced diabetes indicate a predictor role of lipid peroxidation processes in the depletion of antioxidant resources
Causal relationships between the parameters of gas discharge visualization and phagocytosis
Authors: Babelyuk Valeriy , Gozhenko Anatoliy , Dubkova Galyna , Babelyuk Nazariy , Zukow Walery , Kindzer Bohdan , Kovbasnyuk Marta , Popovych Igor
Published: January 2022

Background. Previously we have been shown that between parameters of GDV and principal neuroendocrine factors of adaptation exist strong canonical correlation. In the next study, we detected very strong (R=0,994) integral canonical correlation between the parameters of GDV and Immunity. This study, conducted in the same contingent, will analyze the relationships between GDV parameters, on the one hand, and Phagocytosis parameters, on the other. Material and Methods. We observed twice ten women and ten men aged 33-76 years without clinical diagnose. In the morning in basal conditions at first registered kirlianogram by the method of GDV by the device “GDV Chamber” (“Biotechprogress”, SPb, RF). Than we estimated the parameters of Phagocytic function of neutrophils. Results processed by method of canonical analysis, using the software package “Statistica 5.5”. Results. According to the value of the canonical correlation coefficient R with GDV parameters, the registered Phagocytosis parameters are arranged in the following order: activity (0,616), bactericidal capacity (0,493), completeness (0,489) and intensity (0,484) of Phagocytosis of E. coli; completeness (0,482), bactericidal capacity (0,448), activity (0,364) and intensity (0,338) of Phagocytosis of Staph. aureus. Coefficient of canonical correlation between parameters of GDV, on the one hand, and Phagocytosis, on the other hand, makes 0,847. Conclusion. The above data, taken together with the previous ones, state that between parameters of Neuroendocrine-Immune complex and GDV exist strong canonical correlation suggesting suitability of the latter method.
Expenditure on education and physical culture in the commune of Skulsk and Wilczyn in 2015-2018. Comparative analysis
Authors: Karczewska Wiktoria
Published: January 2022

According to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997, a commune is the basic unit of local self-government. The commune realizes its own tasks and commissioned tasks, and its aim is cater to local residents needs.  In both analyzed communes, the main source of expenditure were own tasks. In the balance sheet, the education department had the biggest share in the expenditure of both communes. In particular, these are expenses for kindergartens, primary schools, lower secondary schools and teachers' salaries. Expenditure on physical culture does not significantly affect the balance sheet of communes.
Structural organization of periodontium and morphological changes in its components in modeled periodontitis and its correction in rats
Authors: Biguliak H. , Klishch I.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The aim of our research was to study peculiar features of morphological changes in the components of the periodontium in the modeled acute periodontitis and its correction by stem cells.

Materials and Methods. The results of histological study of periodontal tissues of the animals with acute experimental periodontitis, which was corrected using human mesenchymal stem cells as well as rat muscle stem cells, were analysed. Depending on the treatment, the animals were divided into 4 groups: the 1st group – the animals without pathology (intact); the 2nd – the animals with modeled acute periodontitis; the 3rd – the animals with periodontitis corrected by human mesenchymal stem cells, the 4th – the animals with periodontitis corrected using rat muscle stem cells.

Results and Discussion. According to the results of the research it was established that correction by human mesenchymal stem cells and rats muscular stem cells had positive effect on a course of the modeled pathological process. The morphological changes characteristic of periodontitis gradually reduced, i.e. the normal blood supply to the tissues restored, the arteries were less full-blooded, the tone of their walls decreased. Consequently, the swelling of the tissues gradually decreased becoming of original size. The polymorphonuclear infiltration fields decreased and gradually disappeared. Osteoblasts promoted restoration of the bone structure of the jaw alveolar process. The size of the periodontal pocket decreased, and in some areas it fully closed as a result of complete adhesion of the mucous membrane of the gums to the tooth, which rose on its surface upwards.

Conclusions. In the experimental modeling of acute periodontitis the destructive changes in the epithelium and connective tissue stroma, impaired blood flow, inflammatory response in the gum tissue were present. The correction by means of human mesenchymal stem cells as well as rat muscle stem cells had positive effect on the modeled pathological process: the morphological changes characteristic of periodontitis gradually reduced, normal blood supply to tissues restored, polymorphonuclear infiltration fields gradually decreased and disappeared. The bone structure of the jaw alveolar process restored owing to osteoblasts. The size of the periodontal pocket decreased; in some cases, they closed completely as a result of complete adhesion of the mucous membrane of the gums to the tooth, which rose on its surface upwards.
Risk factors for venous thrombosis in patients with endoprosthetics of hip joints
Authors: Venher Ihor , Kostiv Sviatoslav , Khvalyboha Dymytrii
Published: January 2022

Background. Important part of orthopaedic surgery is endoprosthetics of hip joints, which eliminates pain syndrome, restores the amplitude of movements and the support ability of the lower limb. But there is a number of complications; venous thromboembolism among them occupies a leading place.

Material and methods. 219 patients with a mean age of 64.7 ± 3.8 years were operated. In 137 (62.1%) observations, total cement hip replacement was performed for osteoarthritis. 82 (37.4%) patients received total and unipolar cement hip replacement for cervical femoral neck fractures.

Results. Clinical manifestations of non-specific connective tissue dysplasia were detected in 83 (37.9%) patients, which were confirmed by the laboratory determination of the level of general, bound and free oxyproline. In the postoperative period, the thrombotic process in the venous system of the inferior vena cava was diagnosed in 23 (10.5%) observations. Operative intervention on the hip joint in patients with nonspecific dysplasia of connective tissue in 11 (13.3%) cases was complicated by the development of venous thrombosis. In patients without non-specific connective tissue dysplasia, postoperative thrombosis in the system of the inferior vena cava was diagnosed in 12 (8.8%) observations.

Conclusions. Patients with osteoarthrosis of the hip joint and the femoral neck fracture accompanied by the non-specific dysplasia of the connective tissue are characterized by expressed levels of endothelial dysfunction and increased activity of the blood-coagulation system.
Hospital management strategy in the aspect of visualization of the pandemic COVID-19
Authors: Kanownik Greta
Published: January 2022

The article addresses an important issue regarding the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the operation of hospitals and the use of management strategies at the present time and in reality after the pandemic. Based on the analysis performed, the article indicates four key areas that require immediate action to improve the functioning of the health care system and maintain the public health of the population. Based on the analysis of 9 crisis levers of the business model of A. Osterwalder, Y. Pigneur, four main areas requiring immediate intervention were identified, namely: development of medical personnel, development of computerization and digital competences, optimization of revenues and costs, identification of decision-making centers - appropriate division of tasks and responsibility.

In these areas, the Polish health care system has failed, they require urgent strengthening and strategic long-term solutions, which will translate into optimization of activities aimed at securing the health of the society.

It turns out that during the pandemic, it was not costs that turned out to be the biggest problem, but above all staff shortages, lack of access to health services, or equipment and organizational shortages. The time of the pandemic has shown that the researchers' theories that quality and not cost are the most important have proved successful. According to M.E. Porter and E. Teisberg, despite the limitations, the health care system can achieve excellent results in terms of both quality and effectiveness, which, however, often requires transformation and implementation of new competition rules aimed at increasing the value created.
Liver dysfunction in children with community-acquired pneumonia: the role of infectious and inflammatory markers
Authors: Dudnyk Veronika , Pasik Valentyna
Published: January 2022

Markers of infectious-inflammatory process were studied by determining the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines - interleukin (IL) 1 and IL-6 and proteins of the acute phase of inflammation - C-reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen in the serum of children with community-acquired pneumonia. 

It was found that the course of community-acquired pneumonia is accompanied by an increase in serum concentrations of IL-1 and IL-6 in children in parallel with the disease severity. The synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulates the production of acute CRP, but reduces the concentration of fibrinogen in the serum of sick children. The revealed connections between the content of the studied cytokines at the systemic level and multidirectional changes in the indicators of the acute phase of inflammation indicate a violation of the liver, where proteins are synthesized in the study.

It is shown that with increasing severity of pneumonia, the enzyme activity of aminotransferases - alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in the serum of children increases with a simultaneous decrease in the de Ritis coefficient, indicating "hepatic" genesis. High levels of aminotransferase is closely correlated with the activity of the infectious-inflammatory process, as indicated by the positive correlation between the level of IL-1 and ALT (r = 0.047) and AST (r = 0.111). At the same time, there is a negative correlation between the levels of IL-1, CRP and the activity of aminotransferases in blood serum.
Influence of some anthropometric, motor and bone mass parameters on short distance running
Authors: Ramadani L. , Rashiti N. , Bekolli L. , Heta G.
Published: January 2022

The knowledge on morphological development and their impact on motor skills in short distance athletes should be one of the main preoccupations of athletics coaches, because any scientific research in the field of physical culture and sports is concerned with proving the development and evaluation of anthropological characteristics which are responsible in achieving success in athletics.The purpose of this paper is to prove the impact of some anthropometric, motor-specific characteristics and those of bone weight in short distance running, specifically in 100 meters, with students aged 19 ± 6 years, of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Pristina.The sample of this research included a total of 75 students aged 19 of the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports in Pristina.The variables which were applied in this research were 7 anthropometric variables and 6 motor variables and 1 specific motor variable.Regression analysis in the manifest space was applied to determine the relationship between predictive variables (anthropometric and motor characteristics) and criterion variable (100 m running).
Problem baby blues wśród polskich położnic – zakres posiadanej wiedzy wśród studentów medycyny
Authors: Nawrocki Maciej , Zwierzyńska Anna , Wojciechowski Piotr , Nowakowska Ilona , Wasiak Wojciech , Gruszka Jakub , Adamczyk-Gruszka Olga
Published: January 2022

Wstęp

Zaburzenia psychiczne stanowią częsty problem kobiet w okresie połogu. Baby blues jest bezpośrednim stanem alarmowym i zagrożeniem dla matki. Może  rozwinąć się w rzeczywistą depresję czy psychozę poporodową. Za patogenezę tego zjawiska uznawane są zmiany hormonalne związane ze spadkiem poziomu estradiolu, progesteronu i prolaktyny po porodzie. Przygnębienie poporodowe jest zaburzeniem samoograniczającym się i przejściowym. Nie powinno być jednak lekceważone. Najważniejsze jest wczesne rozpoznanie objawów i interwencja.

Cel pracy

Celem pracy była ocena wiedzy studentów na temat zjawiska baby blues oraz wpływu czynników takich jak miejsce zamieszkania czy poziom wykształcenia na stan wiedzy.

Materiał i metody

Badaniem zostało objętych 318 studentów medycyny UJK. Dane zostały zebrane za pomocą kwestionariusza autorskiego. Komisja Bioetyczna zatwierdziła badanie. Analiza statystyczna przeprowadzona została za pomocą programu komputerowego Statistica 13.

Wyniki i wnioski

Największy odsetek respondentów mieści się w grupie wiekowej 20-30 lat. Najbardziej liczną grupę stanowią mieszkańcy miast.

Średni poziom wiedzy respondentów na temat baby blues wynosi 75%.

Najczęściej wskazywanym źródłem wiedzy są Internet oraz programy telewizyjne. Ważne jest uświadomienie pacjentom w jaki sposób dobierać rzetelne źródło informacji.

Edukacja prozdrowotna ma kluczowe znaczenie dla przyszłych rodziców. Może przekładać się na  zmniejszenie poziomu stresu związanego z nową sytuacją jaka jest posiadanie potomstwa.
Efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and reducing stress – literature review
Authors: Mazur Karol , Lewicki Marcin , Mazur Dominika , Smoleń Agata
Published: January 2022

Insomnia, anxiety and stress are common complaints of people living today. Together, these factors can significantly reduce the quality of people's lives and disrupt relationships. Insomnia is a health problem connected with the difficulty falling asleep, waking early, waking during sleep, or poor quality of sleep, the consequences of which during the day are a feeling of being fatigue, reduced well-being, irritability, impaired concentration and learning ability. Anxiety is an emotional state related with anticipation of danger coming from the outside or coming from inside the organism, manifesting itself as feeling of uneasiness, tension, embarrassment, threat. Stress is a disturbance of body homeostasis caused by a physical or psychological factor.

The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of  ashwagandha root extract in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and reducing stress. Our study material consisted of publications, which were found in PubMed, ResearchGate and Google Scholar databases. In order to find the proper publications, the search has been conducted with the use of a combination of key words like: ''ashawagandha'', ''insomnia'', ''anxiety'', ''stress". The first step was to find proper publications from the last 5 years. The second step was to carry out an overview of the found publications.

Currently a lot of researches is being conducted to find natural substances that are just as effective as pharmacotherapy in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and reducing stress, but without the side effects. Some researchers have focused their attention to the ashwagandha root extract.  Results of mentioned studies proved the efficacy and safety of ashwagandha root extract. However, further research is needed to estabilish the role of ashwagandha root extract in the treatment of insomnia, anxiety and reducing stress.
Age features of O2 mass transfer regimes in adolescents’ body at rest
Authors: Komolafe D. , Filippov M. , Ilyin V. , Klimenko A.
Published: January 2022

The results of complex studies of the quantitative relationship between the stage-by-stage mass transfer of O2 and the efficiency of cardiorespiratory system functioning in relation to its consumption in adolescents’ body under conditions of relative rest are presented.

The results obtained show that in adolescents, the modes of mass transfer of O2 in the body and the nature of the respiratory and circulatory systems functioning in relation to its consumption have a number of age-related differences compared with adult men. So, in adolescents, the external respiration system at rest functions less economically than in adults. Each liter of O2 consumed by adolescents is extracted from almost 3 liters more than in adults the amount of air ventilated per minute through the lungs. The volumetric indicators of blood circulation are also higher in adolescents, which may indicate the influence of neuro-humoral rearrangements in the body during the pubertal period. The coefficient of oxygen utilization by tissues from arterial blood in adolescents turned out to be significantly higher, which may characterize a higher tension of tissue metabolic processes.
Wybrane aspekty medyczne i społeczne pandemii Covid-19
Authors: Cipora Elżbieta , Mielnik Aneta
Published: January 2022

Pandemia Covid-19 stanowi ogromne zagrożenie dla zdrowia i życia ludzkiego oraz funkcjonowania społeczno-gospodarczego. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie wybranych aspektów medycznych i społecznych związanych z pandemią Covid-19. Jako metodę  badań zastosowano przegląd i analizę piśmiennictwa pochodzącego z bazy PubMed uzupełnione o raporty epidemiologiczne. Do wyszukania publikacji użyto następujących słów kluczowych: „Covid-19”, „medical aspects of Covid-19”, „social aspects of Covid-19”. Pandemia Covid-19 spowodowała destabilizację zdrowia publicznego na skalę światową i pozostawiła wiele negatywnych skutków społecznych. Była przyczyną globalnego kryzysu gospodarczego i ekonomicznego. Covid-19 określone zostało mianem nagłego niekorzystnego i wielowymiarowego doświadczenia medycznego i społecznego, którego następstwa występują obecnie i będą odczuwane jeszcze przez wiele lat. Należy monitorować sytuację epidemiologiczną, zdrowotną i ekonomiczną społeczeństwa i podejmować działania zmierzające do zmniejszenia nasilenia negatywnych skutków pandemii Covid-19.
Parental Perceptions of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Latinx and Black Sociocultural Contexts: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rivera-Figueroa Karla , Marfo Nana Yaa A. , Eigsti Inge-Marie
Published: January 2022

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) face challenges in accessing diagnostic and treatment services; these challenges vary by race, ethnicity, and culture. This systematic review examines parental perceptions of ASD within Latinx and Black American communities. Findings indicate that interconnections with family and religious groups promoted positive coping and describe positive impacts of having a child with ASD. Relative to White families, community members reported reduced access to information and more inaccurate beliefs about ASD, higher levels of ASD-related stigma, and more negative experiences with healthcare providers, which serve to exacerbate healthcare disparities. Conclusions are limited by an underrepresentation of minority groups in research. We call for efforts to address the specific needs of racial and ethnic minorities.
Fast on-line rubidium DPAL atomic concentration measurement by 420  nm
probe laser: erratum
Authors: Zhao Hui-Zi , Wang Hong-Yan , Tang Hao , Li Liang , Yang Zi-Ning , Yang Wei-Qiang , Han Kai , Xu Xiao-Jun
Published: January 2022

We present an erratum to our recent work [Appl. Opt.
60, 10862 (2021)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.440435] that
corrects errors in Fig. 4 and the body of the paper. The corrections
do not affect the results and conclusions of the original paper.
Method for the generation and visualization of cross-sectional images of three-dimensional point spread functions for rotationally symmetric intraocular lenses
Authors: Sievers Jan , Elsner Ricardo , Bohn Sebastian , Schünemann Melanie , Stolz Heinrich , Guthoff Rudolf F. , Stachs Oliver , Sperlich Karsten
Published: January 2022

Cross-sectional images of three-dimensional point spread functions of intraocular lenses are used to study their image formation. To obtain those, light sheet-based methods are established. Due to the non-negligible thicknesses of the light sheets, the image quality of the cross-sectional images is constrained. To overcome this hurdle, we present a dedicated evaluation algorithm to increase image quality in the post-processing step. Additionally, we compare the developed- with the light sheet method based on our own investigations of a multifocal diffractive intraocular lens conducted in an in-house designed optical bench. The comparative study showed the clear superiority of the newly developed method in terms of image quality, fine structure visibility, and signal-to-noise ratio compared to the light sheet based method. However, since the algorithm assumes a rotationally symmetrical point spread function, it is only suitable for all rotationally symmetrical lenses.
High-Q Fano resonance in all-dielectric metasurfaces for molecular fingerprint detection
Authors: Hadi Badri S. , Gilarlue M. M. , SaeidNahaei Sanam , Kim Jong Su
Published: January 2022

We present and numerically investigate a high-quality factor (high-

Q

) meta-atom with Fano resonance. Numerical simulations indicate that the designed meta-atom has a single sharp Fano resonance in the 1350–1750 1/cm range. Moreover, the frequency of the single resonance can be tuned in this frequency range by scaling the meta-atom. We exploit these properties to design a pixelated metasurface for spectrometer-less molecular fingerprint retrieval. The proposed meta-atom with an average quality factor of 2000 makes it possible to decrease the scaling step of metapixels without introducing resonance overlap between the metapixels, leading to higher precision in label-free and nondestructive identification of molecular fingerprints.
Three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption in a dressed atomic system
Authors: Zhou Kang , Yan Xiang-an , Han Yujing , Xu Wanting , Ti Haowei , Liu Haogong , Chen Yiru
Published: January 2022

We present a theoretical treatment for the complete dynamics process of three-photon electromagnetically induced absorption (TPEIA). The nested-cascade doubly dressed TPEIA is considered when two counterpropagating coupling fields are tuned to the upper line in a closed-cycle ladder-type three-level atomic system. The enhancement or suppression of the TPEIA signal relies on the constructive interference between the excitation pathways of doubly dressed states, which can be controlled by changing the intensity of the coupling field. Meanwhile, two symmetrical transparency frequency windows are observed and discussed. The theoretical results and dressed-state analysis are demonstrated experimentally in the

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Introduction to theory of high-harmonic generation in solids: tutorial
Authors: Yue Lun , Gaarde Mette B.
Published: January 2022

High-harmonic generation (HHG) in solids has emerged in recent years as
a rapidly expanding and interdisciplinary field, attracting attention
from both the condensed-matter and the atomic, molecular, and optics
communities. It has exciting prospects for the engineering of new
light sources and the probing of ultrafast carrier dynamics in solids,
and the theoretical understanding of this process is of fundamental
importance. This tutorial provides a hands-on introduction to the
theoretical description of the strong-field laser–matter interactions
in a condensed-phase system that give rise to HHG. We provide an
overview ranging from a detailed description of different approaches
to calculating the microscopic dynamics and how these are intricately
connected to the description of the crystal structure, through the
conceptual understanding of HHG in solids as supported by the
semiclassical recollision model. Finally, we offer a brief description
of how to calculate the macroscopic response. We also give a general
introduction to the Berry phase, and we discuss important subtleties
in the modeling of HHG, such as the choice of structure and laser
gauges, and the construction of a smooth and periodic structure gauge
for both nondegenerate and degenerate bands. The advantages and
drawbacks of different structure and laser-gauge choices are
discussed, both in terms of their ability to address specific
questions and in terms of their numerical feasibility.
Multi source translation based projection completion for interior region of interest tomography with CBCT
Authors: Tan Chuandong , Yu Haijun , Xi Yarui , Li Lei , Liao Mingjuan , Liu Fenglin , Duan Liming
Published: January 2022

Interior tomography by rotary computed tomography (RCT) is an effective method to improve the detection efficiency and achieve high-resolution imaging for the region of interest (ROI) within a large-scale object. However, because only the X-rays through the ROI can be received by detector, the projection data is inevitably truncated, resulting in truncation artifacts in the reconstructed image. When the ROI is totally within the object, the solution of the problem is not unique, which is named interior problem. Fortunately, projection completion (PC) is an effective technique to solve the interior problem. In this study, we proposed a multi source translation CT based PC method (mSTCT-PC) to cope with the interior problem. Firstly, mSTCT-PC employs multi-source translation to sparsely obtain the global projection which covered the whole object. Secondly, the sparse global projection is utilized to fill up the truncated projection of ROI. The global projection and truncated projection are obtained under the same geometric parameters. Therefore, it omits the registration of projection. To verify the feasibility of this method, simulation and practical experiments were implemented. Compared with the results of ROI reconstructed by filtered back-projection (FBP), simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique-total variation (SIRT-TV) and the multi-resolution based method (mR-PC), the proposed mSTCT-PC is good at mitigating truncation artifacts, preserving details and improving the accuracy of ROI images.
Lens-free motion analysis via neuromorphic laser speckle imaging
Authors: Ge Zhou , Zhang Pei , Gao Yizhao , So Hayden K.-H. , Lam Edmund Y.
Published: January 2022

Laser speckle imaging (LSI) is a powerful tool for motion analysis owing to the high sensitivity of laser speckles. Traditional LSI techniques rely on identifying changes from the sequential intensity speckle patterns, where each pixel performs synchronous measurements. However, a lot of redundant data of the static speckles without motion information in the scene will also be recorded, resulting in considerable resources consumption for data processing and storage. Moreover, the motion cues are inevitably lost during the “blind” time interval between successive frames. To tackle such challenges, we propose neuromorphic laser speckle imaging (NLSI) as an efficient alternative approach for motion analysis. Our method preserves the motion information while excluding the redundant data by exploring the use of the neuromorphic event sensor, which acquires only the relevant information of the moving parts and responds asynchronously with a much higher sampling rate. This neuromorphic data acquisition mechanism captures fast-moving objects on the order of microseconds. In the proposed NLSI method, the moving object is illuminated using a coherent light source, and the reflected high frequency laser speckle patterns are captured with a bare neuromorphic event sensor. We present the data processing strategy to analyze motion from event-based laser speckles, and the experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of our method at different motion speeds.
Filament-arrayed Bragg gratings for azimuthally resolved displacement sensing in single-mode fibers
Authors: Rahnama Abdullah , Mahlooji Hossein , Djogo Gligor , Azhari Fae , Herman Peter R.
Published: January 2022

Filament arrays were inscribed off-axis in the core of standard single-mode telecommunication fiber, using femtosecond laser pulses. The flexible line-by-line writing formed uniform, parallel filaments, permitting Bragg grating sensing of the photoelastic response from inside of the narrow grating plane. Active monitoring of the Bragg resonance wavelength while driving a lateral fiber tip displacement directly informed on the fiber mechanics when coupled with opto-mechanical modelling. Overlaying of parallel and orthogonal gratings further provided a strongly contrasting azimuthal sensitivity, which paves the way for multi-dimensional displacement sensing with improved precision.
Off-axis image plane hologram compression in holographic tomography – metrological assessment
Authors: Muhamad R. K. , Stępień P. , Kujawińska M. , Schelkens P.
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we present a novel study on the impact of lossy data compression on the metrological properties of holographic tomography reconstruction of the refractive index (RI). We use a spatial bandwidth-optimized compression procedure that leverages the properties of image plane off-axis holograms and standardized compression codecs, both widely applied in research and industry. The compression procedure is tested at multiple bitrates, for four different objects and against three reconstruction algorithms. The metrological evaluation is primarily done by comparison to the reconstruction from original data using the root-mean-squared error (RMSE). We show that due to differences between objects and different noise sensitivities of the reconstruction algorithms, the rate-distortion behaviour varies, but in most cases allows for the compression below 1 bit per pixel, while maintaining an RI RMSE less than 10−4.
Chaotic dimension enhancement by optical injection into a semiconductor laser under feedback
Authors: Ruan Jingya , Chan Sze-Chun
Published: January 2022

Optical injection into a chaotic laser under feedback is investigated for dimension enhancement. Although injecting a solitary laser is known to be low-dimensional, injecting the laser under feedback is found to enhance the correlation dimension D2 in experiments. Using an exceptionally large data size with a very large reconstruction embedding dimension, efficient computation is enabled by averaging over many short segments to carefully estimate D2. The dimension enhancement can be achieved together with time-delay signature suppression. The enhancement of D2 as a fundamental geometric quantifier of attractors is useful in applications of chaos.
Generating multiple optical vortices in orange beams induced by selectively pumped frequency-doubled solid-state Raman lasers with mode conversion
Authors: Tung Jung-Chen , Liu Kai-Wei , Chen Shen-Chen
Published: January 2022

We employ a selectively pumped solid-state laser with stimulated Raman scattering and second-harmonic generation to generate frequency-doubled lasing modes (FDLMs) at 588 nm. The FDLMs are transformed by using an external cylindrical mode converter to generate various structured beams with multiple optical vortices. Theoretical analyses clearly reveal the relationship between the mode components in the laser emission and the transverse displacement of the off-center pumping. We further verify that the experimental results for the transformed FDLMs can be numerically reconstructed with a theoretical model. By analyzing the phase structures of the converted beams, it can be demonstrated that the number of vortices rises from 2 to 19 with increasing off-center displacement.
Tomographic phase and attenuation extraction for a sample composed of unknown materials using x-ray propagation-based phase-contrast imaging
Authors: Alloo S. J. , Paganin D. M. , Morgan K. S. , Gureyev T. E. , Mayo S. C. , Mohammadi S. , Lockie D. , Menk R. H. , Arfelli F. , Zanconati F. , Tromba G. , Pavlov K. M.
Published: January 2022

Propagation-based phase-contrast x-ray imaging (PB-PCXI) generates image contrast by utilizing sample-imposed phase-shifts. This has proven useful when imaging weakly attenuating samples, as conventional attenuation-based imaging does not always provide adequate contrast. We present a PB-PCXI algorithm capable of extracting the x-ray attenuation  
β
and refraction 
δ
, components of the complex refractive index of distinct materials within an unknown sample. The method involves curve fitting an error-function-based model to a phase-retrieved interface in a PB-PCXI tomographic reconstruction, which is obtained when Paganin-type phase retrieval is applied with incorrect values of δ and β. The fit parameters can then be used to calculate true
δ
and
β
values for composite materials. This approach requires no a priori sample information, making it broadly applicable. Our PB-PCXI reconstruction is single-distance, requiring only one exposure per tomographic angle, which is important for radiosensitive samples. We apply this approach to a breast-tissue sample, recovering the refraction component  
δ
, with 0.6–2.4% accuracy compared with theoretical values.
Angular velocity measurement with wide range based on dual-comb Sagnac interferometer
Authors: Ma Ruyu , Yu Haoyang , Ma Qiuying , Zhou Qian , Ni Kai
Published: January 2022

Interferometric fiber optic gyroscopes are widely used in spacecraft, navigation, and autopilot and missile systems due to their high accuracy and fast speed. However, the dynamic measurement range is generally limited to a small value. In this paper, an angular velocity measurement system based on a dual-comb Sagnac interferometer is proposed. The theoretical dynamic range can reach the order of 108 deg/s, which is remarkably superior to that of the conventional fiber optic gyroscopes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a dual-comb-based passive fiber optic gyroscope system, offering an attractive tool for measuring angular velocity with large dynamic range.
Influence of slow light effect on trapping force in optical tweezers
Authors: Chen Haotian , Lin Huichuan , Jones P. H. , Chen Ziyang , Luo Songjie , Pu Jixiong
Published: January 2022

We investigate the optical trapping of polystyrene microspheres in optical tweezers. The transverse capture gradient forces of polystyrene microspheres with different numerical aperture are theoretically and experimentally evaluated by the power spectral density roll-off method. It is found that the trapping force of the experimental measurement is much stronger than that of the theoretical results. The discordance is attributed to the slow light effect near the focus, which has been found in recent years [Science 347, 857 (2015)10.1126/science.aaa3035; Opt. Express 18, 10822 (2010)10.1364/OE.18.010822; Opt. Commun. 332, 164 (2014)10.1016/j.optcom.2014.06.057]. The modified trapping force of the theoretical results by considering the slow light effect near the focus is well consistent with that of the experimental results.
Simultaneous spatio-temporal focusing with pulse front symmetrization
Authors: Kühn Dominik , Treffer Alexander , Wyrowski Frank , Grunwald Ruediger
Published: January 2022

Simultaneous spatio-temporal focusing of ultrashort pulses is usually performed by single-channel stretcher-compressor geometries where pulse front tilt leads to spatial asymmetry. Here, the basic approach is extended by superimposing two reciprocal sub-beams in a dual-channel stretcher-compressor setup. Spatio-temporal properties of the symmetrized focal zones of few-cycle near-infrared pulses are studied by parametric numerical simulations with physical optics software. Spatial modulations of focal zones depending on focusing conditions appear. Relationships to specific ultrafast interference phenomena are addressed.
Temporal Talbot effect of optical dark pulse trains
Authors: Wu Jiaye , Hu Jianqi , Brès Camille-Sophie
Published: January 2022

The temporal Talbot effect describes the periodic self-imaging of an optical pulse train along dispersive propagation. This is well studied in the context of bright pulse trains, where identical or multiplied pulse trains with uniform bright waveforms can be created. However, the temporal self-imaging has remained unexplored in the dark pulse regime. Here, we disclose such a phenomenon for optical dark pulse trains, and discuss the comparison with their bright pulse counterparts. It is found that the dark pulse train also revives itself at the Talbot length. For higher-order fractional self-imaging, a mixed pattern of bright and dark pulses is observed, as a result of the interference between the Talbot pulses and the background. Such unconventional behaviors are theoretically predicted and experimentally demonstrated by using programmable spectral shaping as well as by optical fiber propagation.
Detection and genome characterization of Middelburg virus strains isolated from CSF and whole blood samples of humans with neurological manifestations in South Africa
Authors: Fourie Isabel , Williams June , Ismail Arshad , Jansen van Vuren Petrus , Stoltz Anton , Venter Marietjie
Published: January 2022

Background

The Old world Alphavirus, Middelburg virus (MIDV), is not well known and although a few cases associated with animal illness have previously been described from Southern Africa, there has been no investigation into the association of the virus with human illness. The current study aimed to investigate possible association of MIDV infection with febrile or neurological manifestations in hospitalized or symptomatic patients fromGauteng, South Africa.

Methods

This study is a descriptive retrospective and prospective laboratory based study. Archived cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples submitted to the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tshwane Academic division for viral investigation from public sector hospitals in Gauteng as well as EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) whole blood samples from ad hoc cases of veterinary students, presenting with neurological and febrile illness, were selected and screened for the presence of alphaviruses using real-time reverse transcription(rtRT) PCR.Virus isolations from rtRT-PCR positive samples were conducted in Vero cell culture and used to obtain full genome sequences. Basic descriptive statistical analysis was conducted using EpiInfo.

Results

MIDV was detected by rtRT-PCR in 3/187 retrospective CSF specimens obtained from the NHLS from hospitalised patients in the Tshwane region of Gauteng and 1/2 EDTA samples submitted in the same year (2017) from ad hoc query arbovirus cases from veterinary students from the Faculty of Veterinary Science University of Pretoria.Full genome sequences were obtained for virus isolates from two cases; one from an EDTA whole blood sample (ad hoc case) and another from a CSF sample (NHLS sample).Two of the four Middelburg virus positive cases,for which clinical information was available, had other comorbidities or infections at the time of infection.

Conclusion

Detection of MIDV in CSF of patients with neurological manifestations suggests that the virus should be investigated as a human pathogen with the potential of causing or contributing to neurological signs in children and adults.
Subversive literary representations of 1821 in the Metapolitefsi (1974–81)
Authors: Nikolopoulou Maria
Published: January 2022

The article examines the afterlife of the Greek War of Independence during the Transition period in Greece (1974–81), focusing on literature. The military dictatorship (1967–74) presented itself as the heir of this national revolution. Representations of the 1821 were popularized and mediatized through film, paintings and the public spectacles organized by the regime, culminating in the 150-year anniversary in 1971. This triggered an alternative use of these representations, by songwriters, playwrights and writers who aimed to subvert them through mimicry. Focusing on three novels by young writers of the period, Yoryis Yatromanolakis’s Leimonario (The Spiritual Meadow) (1974), Nikos Platis’s Gkount mpai mister pap (‘Goodbye Mr. Pap’) (1976) and Takis Theodoropoulos’s Ο vios stin politeia tou Thodori Kotronithodorikolou (‘Life in the times of Thodoris Kotronithodorikolos’) (1977), the article examines how these young writers subverted the representations of heroism constructed by the dictatorship through the use of surrealist and avant-garde techniques. The use of pastiche, the corporeal and the fantastic by Yatromanolakis creates an alternative discourse of heroism. In the case of Platis and Theodoropoulos, surrealist techniques, and images of transgressive sexuality create a grotesque gallery of heroes, by emphasizing the hybridity and performativity of their identities. These writers also experimented with the ways in which history is represented in narrative, through reversal of temporality, the nightmarish, corporeality and the private. The article also examines the texts’ reception, at a time when new grand narratives of national history were being shaped.
From national panegyrics to stage scandal: Athanasios Diakos in history
Authors: Sampatakakis George
Published: January 2022

On 26 March 1894 a panegyric titled ‘Athanasios Diakos in history’ was delivered at the Society of the Friends of the People. At the dusk of the nineteenth century, this speech summarized the literary programme of a nationalizing attachment to the heroes of 1821 and their romantic monumentalization. More than a century later, the theatrical scandal of Lena Kitsopoulou’s Athanasios Diakos: The Return (Greek Festival, Athens, 2012) was a typical response to the breach inflicted on the canonical meanings and the established interpretations of the myth of Diakos. Amid a national crisis, the transformation of Diakos into a modern-day kebabhouse owner who harasses his wife and his immigrant employee performed a critical transposition of the hero into a toxic unheroic present. After reviewing the histories and mythologies of Athanasios Diakos, this article discusses Kitsopoulou’s production and its reception in order to argue that the playwright called upon a dramaturgy of suspicion that threatened the credibility of a heroic past, destabilizing thereby national expectations and assumptions.
Pengaruh Terapi Vitamin D Terhadap Kadar Kalsidiol dan CD4 pada Anak dengan Human Immunodeficiency Virus Dalam Terapi Antiretroviral
Authors: Abdilla Reza Chandra , Siregar Rustam , Nur Fadhilah Tia
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang. Publikasi ilmiah terdahulu telah membuktikan bagaimana vitamin D berdampak terhadap imunitas pasien HIV. Kadar vitamin D yang adekuat berkaitan erat dengan luaran klinis dan kadar CD4 yang lebih baik. Hingga kini belum terdapat penelitian yang mengkaji pengaruh terapi vitamin D pada anak HIV dalam terapi antiretroviral di Indonesia.Tujuan. Untuk menganalisis pengaruh terapi vitamin D terhadap kadar kalsidiol dan CD4 pada pasien HIV dalam terapi antiretroviral.Metode. Penelitian ini bersifat pra-eksperimental dengan pretest-posttest design. Kriteria inklusi subjek penelitian adalah pasien HIV dalam terapi antiretroviral lini pertama, berada dalam stadium klinis HIV satu atau dua, berusia kurang dari 18 tahun. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit dr. Moewardi, Surakarta pada periode waktu Maret – September 2020. Kadar kalsidiol dan CD4 diperiksa sebelum dan sesudah intervensi pemberian vitamin D. Pasien dengan kadar insufisiensi atau defisiensi vitamin D diberikan vitamin D3 2000 IU/hari selama 24 minggu. Uji analisis multivariat dilakukan dengan t-test berpasangan, dimana nilai p<0,05 dianggap signifikan.Hasil. Didapatkan peningkatan yang signifikan pada kadar kalsidiol pasien sebelum dan sesudah intervensi yaitu 18,29ng/ml +5,37dan 32,34ng/ml + 6,78, juga didapatkan peningkatan kadar CD4 dari 860.74/mm3 +396,09 dan 1020.26/mm3 +520,63 secara berurutan.Kesimpulan. Terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan terhadap kadar kalsidiol dan CD4 pada pasien HIV dalam terapi antiretroviral setelah terapi vitamin D.
Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit untuk Membedakan Meningitis Bakterial dan Viral pada Anak
Authors: Ratnasari Ismi , Nur Fadhilah Tia , Riza Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Latar belakang. Meningitis bakterial merupakan penyakit infeksi yang berat pada meningen (selaput otak) yang menimbulkan mortalitas dan morbiditas yang tinggi di dunia. Gejala dan tanda kinis tidak dapat digunakan untuk membedakan antara meningitis bakterial dan miningitis viral. Apabila pemeriksaan cairan serebrospinal tidak memungkinkan untuk dilakukan, pemeriksaan marker inflamasi serum dapat dilakukan untuk menunjang diagnosis dari meningitis. Rasio neutrofil limfosit (NLR) adalah parameter sederhana yang dapat digunakan untuk membedakan meningitis bakterial dan viral.Tujuan. Membedakan nilai NLR antara meningitis bakterial dan meningitis viral pada anak.Metode. Penelitian potong lintang dengan pendekatan uji diagnostik. Data didapatkan dari rekam medis pasien dengan meningitis usia 1 bulan - 18 tahun yang dirawat di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Januari 2017 - Desember 2020. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji independent t test dan uji Mann Whitney, tingkat kemaknaan hasil uji ditentukan berdasarkan nilai p<0,05.Hasil. Dari 36 rekam medis, meningitis bakterial dan viral paling banyak terjadi pada usia 1 bulan – 5 tahun. Dari data karakteristik tidak didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna NLR pada pasien meningitis bakterial dan viral tanpa disertai infeksi di luar sistem saraf pusat (p=0,014). Nilai cut off NLR untuk meningitis bakterial adalah >2,31 dengan sensitivitas 81,8%, spesifisitas 71,4%.Kesimpulan. Rasio neutrofil limfosit dapat digunakan untuk membedakan meningitis bakterial dan viral dengan nilai cut off untuk meningitis bakterial adalah >2,31.