bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Technical Guide to Sampling the Beagle Dog Nervous System for General Toxicity and Neurotoxicity Studies
Authors: Palazzi Xavier , Pardo Ingrid D. , Ritenour Hayley , Rao Deepa B. , Bolon Brad , Garman Robert H.
Published: June 2022

Beagle dogs are a key nonrodent species in nonclinical safety evaluation of new biomedical products. The Society of Toxicologic Pathology (STP) has published “best practices” recommendations for nervous system sampling in nonrodents during general toxicity studies ( Toxicol Pathol 41[7]: 1028-1048, 2013), but their adaptation to the Beagle dog has not been defined specifically. Here we provide 2 trimming schemes suitable for evaluating the unique neuroanatomic features of the dog brain in nonclinical toxicity studies. The first scheme is intended for general toxicity studies (Tier 1) to screen test articles with unknown or no anticipated neurotoxic potential; this plan using at least 7 coronal hemisections matches the STP “best practices” recommendations. The second trimming scheme for neurotoxicity studies (Tier 2) uses up to 14 coronal levels to investigate test articles where the brain is a suspected or known target organ. Collection of spinal cord, ganglia (somatic and autonomic), and nerves for dogs during nonclinical studies should follow published STP “best practices” recommendations for sampling the central ( Toxicol Pathol 41[7]: 1028-1048, 2013) and peripheral ( Toxicol Pathol 46[4]: 372-402, 2018) nervous systems. This technical guide also demonstrates the locations and approaches to collecting uncommonly sampled peripheral nervous system sites.
Immunosuppression Profile of CFZ533 (Iscalimab), a Non-Depleting Anti-CD40 Antibody, and the Presence of Opportunistic Infections in a Rhesus Monkey Toxicology Study
Authors: Flandre Thierry D. , Mansfield Keith G. , Espié Pascal J. , Rubic-Schneider Tina , Ulrich Peter
Published: June 2022

CFZ533 (iscalimab) is a nondepleting anti-CD40 antibody intended for inhibition of transplant organ rejection and treatment of autoimmune diseases. In a safety assessment in rhesus monkeys, CFZ533 was administered for 13 weeks up to 150 mg/kg/week subcutaneously. CFZ533 was shown previously to completely inhibit primary and secondary T-cell-dependent antibody responses. CD40 is expressed on B cells, antigen-presenting cells, and endothelial and epithelial cells, but is not expressed on T cells. Here, we demonstrate the complete suppression of germinal center formation in lymphoid organs. CFZ533 was well tolerated and did not cause any dose-limiting toxicity. However, the histological evaluation revealed increased numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the T-cell-rich areas of lymph nodes enlarged in response to observed adenovirus and Cryptosporidium infections which suggest that T-cell immune function was unaffected. Background infections appear as the condition leading to unraveling the differential immunosuppressive effects by CFZ533. The presence of T cells at lymph nodes draining sites of infections corroborates the immunosuppressive mechanism, which is different from calcineurin-inhibiting drugs. Furthermore, CFZ533 did not show any hematological or microscopic evidence of thromboembolic events in rhesus monkeys, which were previously shown to respond with thromboembolism to treatment with anti-CD154 antibodies.
Reconceptualizing Women's Wellbeing During the Pandemic: Sport, Fitness and More-Than-Human Connection
Authors: Thorpe Holly , Jeffrey Allison , Fullagar Simone , Pavlidis Adele
Published: June 2022

This paper explores the gendered, disruptive effects and affective intensities of COVID-19 and the ways that women working in the sport and fitness sector were prompted to establish more-than-human connection through technologies, the environment, and objects. Bringing together theoretical and embodied insights from object interviews with 17 women sport and fitness professionals (i.e., athletes, coaches, instructors) in Aotearoa New Zealand, this paper advances a relational understanding of the multiple human and nonhuman forces that shape and transform women's wellbeing during pandemic. Drawing upon particular feminist materialisms (i.e., Barad, Braidotti, Bennett), we reconceptualize wellbeing to move beyond biomedical formulations of health or illness. Through our analysis and discussion, we trace embodied ways of knowing that produce wellbeing as a more-than-human entanglement, a gendered phenomenon that can be understood as an ongoing negotiation of affective, material, cultural, technological and environmental forces during a period of disruption and uncertainty.
The vexing problem of dark giftedness
Authors: Sternberg Robert J
Published: June 2022

The field of giftedness—including educators, theorists, and researchers--needs to show more cognizance of a phenomenon that is rearing its ugly head in more and more visible ways, namely, dark giftedness. Dark giftedness is giftedness used for bad and even toxic ends. Being gifted provides little, if any protection against the dark deployment of the abilities, talents, and skills that lead one to be viewed as gifted. The field of giftedness needs to take responsibility for identifying dark giftedness and mitigating its effects, to the extent possible. It needs also to teach gifted young people to use their gifts for positive rather than negative ends. The field of giftedness cannot assume that this will happen automatically, or that by ignoring the world-pervasive problem of dark giftedness, the problem will somehow not, nevertheless, be part of its responsibility to understand and assuage.
Evaluating journals in business and related fields: A guide for faculty
Authors: Walters William H.
Published: June 2022

This guide for faculty presents the data sources, online tools, and citation metrics that are most widely used to evaluate the quality, scholarly impact, or reputation of business and economics journals. The guide, which is distinctive in its subject emphasis and its intended audience, may be useful to scholars, departments, and committees that seek to identify appropriate publication outlets, to evaluate or demonstrate the impact of particular research contributions, or to distinguish between legitimate and predatory journals. The topics and resources covered include the multiple dimensions of journal quality, journal rankings based on citation impact (e.g., Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar Metrics, Cabell’s Journalytics, RePEc), journal ratings based on expert opinion (e.g., Australian Business Deans Council, Chartered Association of Business Schools, Harzing’s Journal Quality List, Excellence in Research for Australia), other means of assessing journal quality (e.g., Directory of Open Access Journals, Beall’s List, Cabell’s Predatory Reports), and resources for gauging the citation impact of particular articles.
The inversion effect in word recognition: The effect of language familiarity and handwriting
Authors: Feizabadi Monireh , Singh Mehar , Albonico Andrea , Barton Jason J. S.
Published: June 2022

Humans have expertise with visual words and faces. One marker of this expertise is the inversion effect. This is attributed to experience with those objects being biased towards a canonical orientation, rather than some inherent property of object structure or perceptual anisotropy. To confirm the role of experience, we measured inversion effects in word matching for familiar and unfamiliar languages. Second, we examined whether there may be more demands on reading expertise with handwritten stimuli rather than computer font, given the greater variability and irregularities in the former, with the prediction of larger inversion effects for handwriting. We recruited two cohorts of subjects, one fluent in Farsi and the other in Punjabi, neither of whom were able to read the other's language. Subjects performed a match-to-sample task with words in either computer fonts or handwritings. Subjects were more accurate and faster with their familiar language, even when it was inverted. Inversion effects were present for the familiar but not the unfamiliar language. The inversion effect in accuracy for handwriting was larger than that for computer fonts in the familiar language. We conclude that the word inversion effect is generated solely by orientation-biased experience, and that demands on this expertise are greater with handwriting than computer font.
Shifting Authority: Indigenous Law-Making and State Governance
Authors: Sarson Leah
Published: June 2022

How can Indigenous law-making affect state authority? I examine this in the context of Canada’s extractive sector, where I question how and when Indigenous laws prevail over state laws to challenge colonial authority and reassert Indigenous self-determination. Although the state claims supreme authority, Indigenous governments are enacting their own laws, laws that are sometimes in tension with those of the state. I demonstrate that while the state usually responds to contentious Indigenous law-making with conflict, under certain conditions Indigenous communities can incite the state to reverse its position to one of acquiescence or cooperation. By drawing on insights from three Indigenous communities in Canada, I offer four conditions under which Indigenous peoples and governments may be able to compel the state to relent and accrue authority, including by preparing to engage in a long-term project, by fomenting community cohesion, by exploiting evolving international norms related to Indigenous rights, and by offering viable governance alternatives to colonial legislation. By highlighting new sites of authority and resistance, this work underscores the transformative possibilities of Indigenous politics.

Une autorité en évolution : pouvoir législatif autochtone et gouvernance publique
Commuter Rail Electrifications That Never Were and What They Teach Us
Authors: Allen John G. , Newmark Gregory L.
Published: June 2022

North American commuter railroads have experienced two waves of electrification: 1905–1931, and (including renewal and expansion) since the 1980s. Electrification offers many benefits to railroads and society, but also entails considerable capital costs. Eleven proposed electrifications, both in the early 20th century, when private-sector railroads funded and operated services, and in the modern era with public-sector responsibility for financing infrastructure and operations, were never implemented. This research revisits these unrealized proposals to understand the factors that can derail electrification and, conversely, help planners identify promising projects. These examples are explored in their contemporaneous context and in relation to comparable situations where electrification did occur. Key findings include that necessary, if not sufficient, conditions for electrification, in both the private- and public-sector eras, include operating challenges best addressed through electric traction as well as adequate funding. Today, in the public-sector era, electrification also requires political will, an institutional champion, and control of the lines to be electrified. Environmental concerns have become important factors but have not justified electrifications on their own.
Cosmetic Surgery Regulation in Australia: Who Is to Be Protected—Surgeons or Patients?
Authors: Tansley Patrick , Fleming Daniel , Brown Tim
Published: June 2022

The practice of cosmetic surgery is of immense interest across the western world. In Australia, its regulation is currently the subject of three separate administrative processes, all due to report by mid-2022. Cosmetic surgery is typically dealt with at a superficial level by the media and sometimes misrepresented by medical commentators. This article details relevant issues for consideration and in relation to their complexities, which may be of interest to readers in other jurisdictions such as the United States.
A Survey of Implementation of ABCDE Protocols
Authors: Bakhru Rita N. , Propert Kathleen J. , Kawut Steven M. , Schweickert William D.
Published: June 2022

Background

Spontaneous awakening trials (SATs), spontaneous breathing trials (SBTs), delirium assessment/management, early mobility have been termed the ABCDE bundle. The ABCDE bundle has been proven to improve patient outcomes. However, there is often a long gap in dissemination and implementation of evidence-based medicine.

Objectives

To determine the prevalent implementation of and determinants for ABCDE protocol adoption in Pennsylvania.

Methods

We developed a survey of ABCDE bundle protocols. We surveyed factors around implementation including written protocol presence, standardized assessments to guide protocols, timing of creation of protocols, and estimated adherence to protocols. We also collected data on factors that might be determinants for protocol adoption including ICU staffing models, hospital and ICU level factors. We validated the survey tool using the Michigan Health and Hospital Association Keystone ICU collaborative. We then administered the validated survey to a leader of the medical ICU or mixed medical-surgical ICU of all Pennsylvania Hospitals. Multivariable logistic and ordinal regression were used to determine associations between ICU staffing models and hospital and ICU level factors with the presence of ABCDE bundle protocols.

Results

In the study cohort of Pennsylvania ICUs (n = 144), we had 100 respondents (69% response). The median number of hospital beds among the respondents was 185 (IQR 111-355) with a median of 14 ICU beds (IQR 10-20). 86% reported spontaneous awakening trial protocols, 60% reported spontaneous breathing trial protocols, 43% reported delirium assessment/management protocols, and 27% reported early mobility protocols. Being a medical ICU compared to a mixed medical-surgical ICU (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.19-10.21, P = .02) and presence of multidisciplinary rounds (OR 4.97, 95% CI 2.07-11.94, P < .001) were associated with increasing number of ABCDE bundle protocol components.

Conclusions

Variable implementation of ABCDE bundle protocols was present across Pennsylvania. Team communication is important to implementation of these protocols.
Characterization of wear resistance and corrosion during magnetorheological fluid assisted finishing (MFAF) of Ti-6Al-4V and duplex stainless steel for enhanced biocompatibility
Authors: Rajput Atul Singh , Das Manas , Kapil Sajan
Published: June 2022

The sustainability of biomaterials relies on their interaction with the proteins, fluid, and cells present inside the human body. The biomaterials’ enhanced surface roughness parameters and mechanical properties (i.e. wear resistance) are responsible for reducing degradation (i.e. corrosion rate) to enhance life span during musculoskeletal interaction. The present study compares the biocompatibility between two biomaterials (i.e. Ti-6Al-4V and DSS) polished through the Magnetorheological Fluid Assisted Finishing ( MFAF) process. MFAF process can produce nano-level average surface roughness ( Ra) and is used to improve the quality of the biomaterial's surface. However, apart from Ra, two other surface roughness parameters, namely skewness ( Rsk) and kurtosis ( Rku) analyze the characteristics of the irregularities formed on the polished surface. During the MFAF process, Trochoidal, a high-speed surface finishing toolpath, is used to map the workspace on the Duplex Stainless Steel ( DSS) and Ti alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) biomaterials to enhance their biocompatibility with a reduced finishing time. However, during the pin-on-disc wear tests, an Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene ( UHMWPE) is used as the disc to imitate the interface of the bone with the implants for analyzing wear resistance. During experimentation, it is observed that the wear resistance of DSS and Ti-6Al-4V is improved to 3.19 × 10−6 and 0.123 × 10−5 mm3/min from its initial value of 7.65 × 10−6 and 2.68 × 10−5 mm3/min, respectively. Furthermore, the dependency of initial surface roughness parameters over the wear resistance of the biomaterials is also analyzed. A three-electrode-based electrochemical test with 0.5 M NaCl concentration is utilized to replicate the human body fluid while analyzing the corrosion resistance of the biomaterials. It is observed that the MFAF process enhances the corrosion resistance of the DSS and Ti-6Al-4V to 0.0037 and 0.0114 mm/year, from its initial values of 0.0079 and 0.0130 mm/year, respectively.
Flexural after impact behaviour of carbon/epoxy and carbon/vinyl-ester composite laminates at elevated temperatures
Authors: Bhoominathan R , V Arumugam , Thompson Ashok , Andrew J J , Dhakal Hom
Published: June 2022

The Flexural After Impact (FAI) behaviour of epoxy and vinyl-ester based carbon fiber reinforced composite laminates was investigated at elevated temperatures. Carbon/Epoxy (CE) and Carbon/Vinyl-ester (CV) laminates with cross-ply configuration (0/90/90/0)3S were manufactured via a compression moulding technique and subjected to Low-Velocity Impact (LVI) s at ∼1.5 and ∼2.5 m/s under temperatures 30, 60 and 90°C. The flexural behaviour of composite laminates was investigated via three-point bending tests. The non-impacted and impacted CE and CV samples' failure profile during the flexural tests was examined using the real-time Acoustic Emission (AE) monitoring technique via peak frequency analysis of AE events. Flexural after impact strength of CE samples at both the velocities were higher than that of the CV ones. For CE and CV samples, the flexural after impact strength increases at 60°C, and decreases when approaching 90°C. At 90°C, flexural strength degradation was considerably higher in the CE ones because the Co-efficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) of the epoxy matrix occurs at a much higher rate than the vinyl-ester, which generates higher residual stress at the carbon fiber-epoxy interfaces. Acoustic emission (AE) monitoring allowed to capture the interface among the fiber and matrix due to the exposure temperature and impact velocity.
Intensive care unit dignified care: Development and validation of a questionnaire
Authors: Liang Andong , Xu Wenxian , Shen Yucong , Hu Qiongshuang , Xu Zhenzhen , Pan Peipei , Lu Zhongqiu , Yang Yeqin
Published: June 2022

Background

Patient dignity is sometimes neglected in intensive care unit (ICU) settings, which may potentially cause psychological harm to critically ill patients. However, no instrument has been specifically developed to evaluate the behaviors of dignified care among critical care nurses.

Aim

This study aimed to develop and evaluate ICU Dignified Care Questionnaire (IDCQ) for measurement of self-assessed dignity-conserving behaviors of critical care nurses during care.

Methods

The instrument was developed in 3 phases. Phase 1: item generation; phase 2: a two-round Delphi survey and a readability pilot study; phase 3: cross-sectional survey with model estimation. The questionnaire was evaluated by item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, assessment of internal consistency reliability, and test-retest reliability. The investigation was conducted using a convenience sample of 392 critical care nurses from 6 cities in Zhejiang Province, China, of which 30 participated in the test-retest reliability survey 2 weeks later.

Ethical considerations

The study was approved by ethics committee. All participants provided written informed consent before the survey. The questionnaire survey was anonymous.

Results

The results showed acceptable reliability and validity of the IDCQ. The 17-item final version questionnaire was divided into 2 dimensions: absolute dignity and relative dignity. These two factors accounted for 62.804% of the total variance, and model fitting results were acceptable. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.94, and the test-retest intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.88 after 2 weeks.

Conclusions

This study developed a brief and reliable instrument (IDCQ) to assess dignified care in ICU nursing. It can help critical care nurses identify their behaviors in maintaining patient dignity and discover their deficiencies. It may also serve as a clinical nursing management tool to help reduce patient disrespect experience in ICU.
Determinants of Access to Formal Credit for the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in India: An Inter-regional Analysis
Authors: Vidyarani K. , Maheshkumar T.
Published: June 2022

Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are significant contributors to the country’s growth and development. With the immense contribution to the Indian economy, the sector is undergoing a severe credit crunch. Mainly, formal credit is a pressing challenge for MSMEs across the nation. The article examines the inter-regional variations in the determinants of formal credit access to the MSMEs in India. The 73rd round (2015–2016) of the National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) on Unincorporated Non-agricultural Enterprises has been used for the analysis. The study executed a descriptive analysis to assess the credit distribution and applied a logit model to determine the predictors of access to formal credit in each region. Results from descriptive analysis highlight significant regional differences in accessing formal credit in India. The Southern region has more access to formal credit than the other regions. The Northeast, Central and North regions are laggard in accessing formal credit. Besides, the study highlights that the determinant factors at the n ational level are uneven across the regions. Based on the evidence, it emphasises the government to re-examine its measures and implement the regional-specific programmes to create a conducive environment for the MSMEs in accessing formal credit.
Dynamic Estimation of a Traditional Import Demand Function for Botswana
Authors: Malefane Malefa Rose
Published: June 2022

This article estimates the import demand function for Botswana, which is rated among the fastest-growing countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approach to cointegration, the study finds that Botswana’s import demand is inelastic to the changes in import prices, both in the short run and in the long run, which resembles the import demand behavior in other fast-growing economies. The inelastic response of the import demand to import price is not surprising for a country that mainly imports diamonds, fuel, and machinery, all essential items for export production and economic development. The study further confirms that structural instabilities have a significant negative impact on Botswana’s import demand, which is an element that the policymakers must pay attention to. Considering the recent developments in the African continent, which include the recent ratification of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), this study suggests that policymakers in Botswana should revisit the country’s import policy and determine how Botswana’s imports can be positioned in a way that could benefit the sought-after intra-African trade.
European unemployment insurance. From undercurrent to paradigm shift
Authors: Andor László
Published: June 2022

The need for the European Union to get involved in unemployment insurance has frequently been debated in the past decade, starting from exploratory discussions and eventually becoming a political commitment by the European Commission President. This article looks back at the origins of the idea of an EU-level unemployment benefit scheme and explains the political dynamics of the concept’s evolution. Following the 2009 Great Recession and the subsequent eurozone debt crisis, a new movement for a reinforced social dimension has been pushing the EU beyond its previous red lines. The case for counter-cyclical social stabilisation at EU level is now a touchstone for a materially meaningful EU social dimension. The COVID-19 crisis triggered a giant leap to a greater EU budgetary capacity, including financial support for job-saving schemes. This article argues that these new instruments will not suffice without also creating an EU safety net for those whose jobs cannot be saved in a period of economic downturn.
Clinical psychology referral for individuals with auditory verbal hallucinations and schizophrenia: Therapy engagement, hallucination severity and distress
Authors: Solar Ann , Bennett Kellie , Hulse Gary
Published: June 2022

Objective

Test an intervention for people with schizophrenia and auditory verbal hallucinations at an acute inpatient unit (AIU) to engage with community therapy and reduce hallucination severity and associated distress. The trial cohort consisted of patients who after assessment by an AIU psychiatrist were not selected for an appointment with an AIU clinical psychologist and an opportunity for referral to a post-discharge community psychologist. An intervention providing the appointment and referral opportunity was compared to Treatment As Usual (TAU).

Method

A single-blind, randomised, control trial compared the intervention with TAU over 6-months post-discharge using Engagement in Community Therapy, Psychotic Symptom Rating Scale (PSYRATS) auditory hallucinations and Revised Beliefs About Voices (BAVQ-R) questionnaires.

Results

Post-discharge community therapy engagement increased at 6 months compared to baseline in the intervention, TAU and combined groups. PSYRATS AHS and H-DIS scores decreased from baseline to last follow-up (statistically significant for TAU, and combined treatment groups). BAVQ-R RE scores decreased from baseline to last follow-up but the decrease was not statistically significant.

Conclusions

Most participants chose to engage with a community therapist despite not being initially assigned for referral by their psychiatrist and experiencing moderately severe symptoms.
The Experiences of Students with Disabilities Actually Doing Service Learning: A Systematic Review
Authors: Garwood Justin D. , Peltier Corey , Ciullo Stephen , Wissinger Daniel , McKenna John W. , Giangreco Michael F. , Kervick Colby
Published: June 2022

Background: There are many examples of school-based interventions involving a service learning project aimed at helping students with disabilities, but it is potentially more impactful on the students with disabilities for them to be active participants in service learning, rather than merely its recipients. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present a synthesis and analysis of all available research studies focused on service learning where the students with disabilities were active participants in the service learning, rather than passive recipients of interventions. Methodology/Approach: We assessed all available studies ( N = 13), including eight peer-reviewed journal articles and five dissertations, for content and for research quality according to established design standards for quantitative ( n = 3), qualitative ( n = 6), and mixed methods ( n = 4) research. Findings/Conclusions: Favorable evidence in support of service learning participation for students with disabilities exists in the available qualitative and mixed methods research, but evidence from quantitative research is lacking. Implications: The activity-based, often motivating opportunities to learn and apply a wide range of academic and functional life skills are abundant in service learning. We urge practitioners to consider implementing this practice, while also noting the need for more empirical research.
The Consequences of not Being Me: Longitudinal Examination of the Relations Among Anticipated Discrimination, Authenticity, and Counterproductive Work Behaviors
Authors: Follmer Kayla B. , Geiger Mingang , Beatty Joy E. , Follmer D. Jake
Published: June 2022

The current study examines the relations among anticipated discrimination, authenticity, and counterproductive work behaviors (CWBs) in an employee population that is vulnerable to mistreatment—namely, employees with depression and bipolar disorder. Using a longitudinal research design, we collected data at 3 points in time from 279 individuals diagnosed with depression and/or bipolar disorder. We tested the extent to which authenticity mediated the relationship between anticipated discrimination and counterproductive work behaviors. Our results provided support for our research model. Thus, when individuals perceived that they were likely to be targets of discrimination due to their mental illness, it resulted in increased counterproductive work behaviors, and this effect was transmitted through decreased perceptions of authenticity. In addition, we tested stigma centrality and symptom severity moderators of the mediated relationships. We found support for symptom severity (but not stigma centrality) as a moderator in which the mediated relationship between anticipated discrimination and CWBs through authenticity was stronger for those with more severe symptoms.
Mainstreaming Internal Migration in Law and Policy Frameworks in Bangladesh: Analysis of a Rights-Based Approach to a Wicked Policy Problem
Authors: Alam Shawkat , Endacott Joanna
Published: June 2022

Internal migration presents many challenges for governmental coordination due to the extensive and immediate action required to address this problem. However, it also poses opportunities regarding education, employment and living conditions, if the government creates pull factors to distribute migration away from primary to secondary cities. This process will require a rights-based approach, whereby the rights of internal migrants are mainstreamed in government planning to enable sustainable migration to Bangladesh’s secondary cities. In this paper, the current international human rights and internal migration laws will be analysed, alongside the domestic laws and policies relevant to internal migration in Bangladesh. In doing so, this paper will explore how government policy and action can employ a rights-based approach to incorporate internal migration within the government’s overarching development framework. A rights-based approach is necessary to effectively prepare for, and adapt to, the increase in internal migration in an equitable way.
Alpelisib induced interstitial lung disease in a patient with advanced breast cancer
Authors: Isiklar Aysun , Basaran Gul , Sepin Beyza , Gumusay Ozge , Kocagoz Ayse Sesin , Cuhadaroglu Caglar
Published: June 2022

Background

Interstitial lung disease interstitial lung disease is a group of respiratory diseases that causes progressive fibrosis. Many of the recently approved oncology drugs are associated with the development of interstitial lung disease as an adverse event. We report an alpelisib-induced interstitial lung disease in a patient with advanced breast cancer.

Case report

A 65-year-old breast cancer patient who had multiple bone metastases and had been previously treated with letrozole and ribociclib, started alpelisib and fulvestrant combination upon the development of liver metastases. Her past medical history was not significant except the history of hypertension. She developed fatigue and progressive dyspnea 3, 5 months after starting alpelisib and was hospitalized due to rapidly deteriorating hypoxia within 2–3 days.

Management and outcome

Naranjo Algorithm calculated score was 4 (probable Adverse Drug Reaction). Her thoracic computed tomography and angiography scan were consistent with interstitial infiltrate ground-glass appearance. She had no fever. Her workup for COVID-19 (coronavirus disease), other respiratory infectious agents, and pulmonary embolism was negative. There was a rapid clinical and radiologic response to corticosteroid therapy within one week. She was discharged from the hospital with a tapered steroid dose and complete resolution of her lung infiltrations. Alpelisib was discontinued despite radiological partial response in her liver metastases and a decline in her tumor marker.

Discussion

Drug-induced interstitial lung disease is usually a diagnosis of exclusion, difficult to identify particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic for patients with cancer. Differential diagnosis includes infectious pneumonia, radiation pneumonitis, diffuse alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, and pulmonary lymphangitic metastasis.
Ethical Prison Architecture: A Systematic Literature Review of Prison Design Features Related to Wellbeing
Authors: Engstrom Kelsey V. , van Ginneken Esther F. J. C.
Published: June 2022

The design of prisons can greatly impact the lived experience of imprisonment, yet research on the relationship between the physical prison environment and wellbeing remains underexplored. Following a systematic literature review, 16 environmental domains were identified as part of “ethical architecture” in prison environments. In this context, ethical prison architecture reflects the link between prison design features and the wellbeing of building users. The concept presented here can be used to inform future research on the intersection of prison architecture, prison climate, and experienced wellbeing. Humane treatment, autonomy, and stimuli are identified as latent theoretical constructs that underpin the “ethical prison architecture” concept. The findings include literature originating from 35 countries that spans five continents to offer a thorough framework that can be used to identify potential building adjustments to improve the wellbeing of building users and increase evidence on the influence of prison design features on wellbeing.
RPC-Lex: A dictionary to measure German right-wing populist conspiracy discourse online
Authors: Puschmann Cornelius , Karakurt Hevin , Amlinger Carolin , Gess Nicola , Nachtwey Oliver
Published: June 2022

We describe a novel computational dictionary for the study of right-wing populist conspiracy discourse ( RPC) on the internet, specifically in the context of contemporary German politics. After first presenting our definition of conspiracy discourse and grounding it in antecedent research on mediated rhetoric at the intersection of right-wing populism and conspiracy theory, we proceed by outlining our approach to dictionary construction, relying on a combination of manual and automated methods. We validate our dictionary via parallel manual coding of 2,500 sentences using the categories contained in the dictionary as labels and compare the consensus result with the label assigned to each sentence by the dictionary, achieving satisfactory results. We then test our approach on two different datasets composed of alternative news articles and Facebook comments that spread conspiracy theories. Finally, we summarize our observations both on the methodological premises of the approach and on the object of populist right-wing conspiracy discourse and its dynamics more broadly. We close with an outlook on the potentials and limitations of the dictionary-based approach and future directions in applications of content analysis to the study of conspiracy discourse.
Socioeconomic inequalities in health care utilization in Paraguay: Description of trends from 1999 to 2018
Authors: Capurro Diego A , Harper Sam
Published: June 2022

Objective

Paraguay’s health care system is characterized by segmented provision and low public spending, with limited coverage and asymmetries in terms of access and quality of care. The present study provides national estimates of income-related inequality in health care utilization and trends in the country over the past two decades.

Methods

Using data from the Paraguayan Permanent Household Survey, we estimated socioeconomic inequality in health care use during the period 1999–2018. We used poverty-to-income ratio as the socioeconomic stratifier and defined health care use as having reported a health problem and subsequent health care use in the last 90 days before interview. Inequality was summarized by rank- and level-based versions of the Concentration Index for binary outcomes.

Results

Inequalities affecting those with lower incomes were present in all years assessed, although the magnitude of these inequalities declined over time. Inequality as expressed by the rank-based index decreased from 0.209 (95%CI 0.164; 0.253) in 1999 to 0.032 (95%CI -0.010; 0.075) in 2018. The level-based index decreased from 0.076 (95%CI -0.029; 0.182) in 1999 to 0.024 (0.002; 0.045) in 2018. Trends in both indices were generally stable from 1999 to 2009, with a noticeable decrease in 2010. The sharpest decreases relative to the 1999 baseline were observed in the period 2010–2018, reflecting changes in health care use and income distribution. Stratification by area, sex and older people suggest similar trends within subgroups.

Conclusions

Decreases in inequality coincide temporally with increments in public health expenditure, removal of user fees in public health care facilities and the expansion of conditional cash-transfer programmes. Future research should disentangle the role of each of these policies in explaining the trends described.
Holiday photographic trends: Geographic origin and the male/female divide
Authors: Pabel Anja , Cassidy Leonie
Published: June 2022

This study aims to examine the influence of geographic origin and gender on photo-taking and photo-sharing behaviours. An online survey was circulated in four geographical areas: Australia, Canada, India, and Malaysia. The survey questions asked respondents’ preferred types of photographic device, photo-content, photo-taking motivation, and photo-sharing behaviours while on holiday. Data were analysed using crosstabulation with Chi-square, controlling for gender, and reporting strength of association with Cramer's V. Results show geographic origin and gender are significant indicators of tourists’ photo-taking and photo-sharing behaviour. The number one preference for male/female respondents from India and Malaysia is taking photos of family, which are shared on social media. While nearly a third of male respondents from Australia and Canada do not share holiday photos on social media. Knowledge of this type may assist tourism marketers and destination marketing organisations (DMOs) to personalise their tourism offerings according to geographic region and gender.
Using random forests to predict passengers’ thermal comfort in underground train carriages
Authors: Huang Kangkang , Lu Shihua , Li Xinjun , Chen Weiwei
Published: June 2022

This research developed an intelligent ensemble machine learning prediction model for the thermal comfort of passengers inside the compartment of the subway. Data sources used for data-driven modelling were obtained from on-site measurements and passengers’ questionnaires in the compartments of the Nanjing subway. The four models were established using methodologies of Logistic Regression (LR), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree (DT) in machine learning, respectively. The performance of the RF method was compared with DT, LR and SVM in terms of conventional statistical metrics, namely, Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Correlation Coefficients squares (R2). Thermal Sensation Vote with the seven-level indicator (TSV-7) and Thermal Sensation Vote with the three-level indicator (TSV-3) were employed to obtain passengers’ thermal comfort and evaluate the models’ predictions. In this study, the R2 value of the RF model is 0.6527 and 0.6607 for TSV-7 and TSV-3, which shows higher accuracy than DT, LR and SVM models in predicting the two kinds of Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV). The results show that the predictive performance of the proposed RF model is outstanding, and it can predict the TSV value of passengers inside the compartment of the subway more efficiently.
An attempt to clarify what deserves to remain dark: A long look back
Authors: Tarifa-Fernández Jorge , Carmona-Moreno Eva , Sánchez-Fernández Raquel
Published: June 2022

This paper aims at developing a bibliometric analysis of previous studies focused on dark tourism and thanatourism in order to map the structure and development of scientific production in this field. Moreover, this paper intends to identify which are the main research topics that require further investigation, contributing to shape a future research agenda. This research follows a mixed-method based on both qualitative and quantitative analyses, which is also supported by a systematic review process. The results show a particular growth in the interest in dark tourism since 2008. It has moved from a neglected research area to a relevant topic in the tourism literature. Besides, a lack of consensus can be observed on different aspects such as definition, scope, or motivation nature, essentially, due to its multidisciplinary nature. This has favoured a relatively disperse body of literature. This research contributes to bringing clarity to the field of dark tourism and thanatourism by providing an overview of its evolution and current status. Moreover, this study provides a comprehensive and organized summary of the diverse approaches, perspectives, and research trends. In doing so, this research enriches the lively debate on dark tourism, offering a greater understanding of what death, and related concepts, mean and imply to the present and future of tourism.
Sustainability paralysis in travel consumption: A Reddit study
Authors: Mkono Mucha , Hughes Karen
Published: June 2022

Sustainability remains at the centre of debates around the impacts of travel and tourism. This study uses Reddit travel forums to understand the complexities of negotiating the meaning and practice of sustainability in travel contexts. Specifically, we focus on the emergence of “ sustainability paralysis”, a form of “analysis paralysis” where travel consumers struggle to (i) articulate what sustainability means, or (ii) to find a (perfect) solution to the various sustainability crises associated with travel (e.g. overtourism and climate change), or (iii) to fashion a compromise they can rationalise and live with. The analysis reveals that sustainability paralysis can lead to tourists feeling overwhelmed, accepting defeat, “tuning out”, and in some cases, resorting to conspiracy theories about who is responsible. Our findings have important implications for how we frame and communicate the sustainability agenda, and suggest that misinformation and over-information may be crippling our effectiveness to face the wicked problem of climate change and other environmental challenges where travel consumption is implicated.
From researchers to academic entrepreneurs: a diachronic analysis of the visual representation of academics in university annual reports
Authors: Deng Yi , Feng Dezheng (William)
Published: June 2022

Influenced by the global neoliberalization of higher education, academic entrepreneurialism has become a new paradigm of university development and has brought about profound changes in various types of university discourse. Against this backdrop, this study investigates the transformations in the visual depiction of academics in the annual reports of six major universities in Hong Kong during the past two decades. Drawing on critical visual analysis, the study shows that the communicative purposes of the images have shifted from reporting the research process to promoting research outcomes. The visual identities of academics have shown clear transformations of becoming increasingly individualized, entrepreneurial and self-promotional. With a higher degree of social interaction and closer social distance with viewers, they are playing an increasingly important role in building public relations. The study enriches the social analysis of neoliberalization as a process through the quantitative and diachronic lens. It demonstrates how a visual analytical method applied to the critical analysis of identity construction and university discourse can provide an explicit understanding of the visual manifestations of neoliberalism in higher education and its diachronic change.
Introduction: What Does Racial Capitalism Have to Do With Cities and Communities?
Authors: Dantzler Prentiss , Korver-Glenn Elizabeth , Howell Junia
Published: June 2022

Social scientists have long debated whether racial inequality is an unfortunate consequence of political and economic exploitation or a core feature of capitalism. In 1983, Cedric Robinson synthesized these two opposing perspectives, calling the latter racial capitalism and demonstrating its theoretical viability. In recent years, scholars have increasingly employed Robinson’s conception of racial capitalism to explain a wide array of phenomena. Yet, urban sociology has not fully explored how racial capitalism changes and reshapes our core theoretical approaches. To begin to fill this gap, this special issue presents original papers that employ racial capitalism to extend, challenge, or refine theories of and methods for understanding cities and communities. In this introduction, we outline urban scholars’ historical explanations of racial inequality and provide an overview of the development and definition(s) of racial capitalism. We then summarize the papers included in this special issue and discuss a pathway forward for urban sociology.
Speaking up and Being Heard: Local Participation and Influence in Kenya and Lebanon
Authors: Habyarimana Jean-Bosco , Leonardsson Hanna
Published: June 2022

In recent years, the view that peacebuilding is essentially local has gained traction. Debates in the field of development research point to the potential of participation and influence for promoting effective, appropriate and legitimate developments, but post-conflict contexts offer additional challenges. Here, societal divisions infiltrate the local level and its policy-making, and participation does not necessarily offer answers to issues of voice and inclusion. This article compares participation and influence in Kenya and Lebanon, two deeply divided post-conflict countries. The study has three main findings: there are possibilities for local communities to participate in local decision-making; inclusion and ability to influence local decision-making depends on personal status; and local decision-making bodies are influenced by national dividing lines, and local participation and influence risk replicating conflictual divisions. Therefore, while participation and influence in local decision-making in post-conflict contexts is possible for some, it risks promoting further exclusion of those already marginalised, thus hindering efforts to consolidate peace and development.
Current recommendations/practices for anonymising data from clinical trials in order to make it available for sharing: A scoping review
Authors: Rodriguez Aryelly , Tuck Christopher , Dozier Marshall F , Lewis Stephanie C , Eldridge Sandra , Jackson Tracy , Murray Alastair , Weir Christopher J
Published: June 2022

Background/Aims

There are increasing pressures for anonymised datasets from clinical trials to be shared across the scientific community, and differing recommendations exist on how to perform anonymisation prior to sharing. We aimed to systematically identify, describe and synthesise existing recommendations for anonymising clinical trial datasets to prepare for data sharing.

Methods

We systematically searched MEDLINE®, EMBASE and Web of Science from inception to 8 February 2021. We also searched other resources to ensure the comprehensiveness of our search. Any publication reporting recommendations on anonymisation to enable data sharing from clinical trials was included. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full text for eligibility. One reviewer extracted data from included papers using thematic synthesis, which then was sense-checked by a second reviewer. Results were summarised by narrative analysis.

Results

Fifty-nine articles (from 43 studies) were eligible for inclusion. Three distinct themes are emerging: anonymisation, de-identification and pseudonymisation. The most commonly used anonymisation techniques are: removal of direct patient identifiers; and careful evaluation and modification of indirect identifiers to minimise the risk of identification. Anonymised datasets joined with controlled access was the preferred method for data sharing.

Conclusions

There is no single standardised set of recommendations on how to anonymise clinical trial datasets for sharing. However, this systematic review shows a developing consensus on techniques used to achieve anonymisation. Researchers in clinical trials still consider that anonymisation techniques by themselves are insufficient to protect patient privacy, and they need to be paired with controlled access.