bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Career Adaptability on Subjective Well-Being of Middle-Aged and Older Employees
Authors: Takao Makiko , Ishiyama Nobutaka
Published: February 2021

This study aimed to elucidate how career adaptability (CA) affects subjective well-being by focusing on the psychological adjustment of middle-aged and older workers. Two web-based surveys were conducted at 1-year and 3-month intervals with 3540 workers aged 40 to 64 years, including those eligible for both position-retirement and reemployment. Factor analysis of CA in the first wave extracted two factors “control and confidence” and “concern and curiosity”. Multiple regression analysis, adjusted for important covariates, was conducted with the overall CA and the two factors of CA as the independent variables, and scores of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) as the dependent variable. For satisfaction with life, only concern and curiosity had a significant positive association, while control and confidence had no significant association. Analysis by employment stage indicated that only concern and curiosity had a significant positive association with satisfaction with life, while control and confidence had no significant association with any employment stage. The results suggest that the effect of CA on satisfaction with life remains the same, even among those who are position-retired or reemployed at the end of their vocational lives, which is a transition period in their lives.
Stakeholder Participation in the Planning and Design of Nature-Based Solutions. Insights from CLEVER Cities Project in Hamburg
Authors: Arlati Alessandro , Rödl Anne , Kanjaria-Christian Sopho , Knieling Jörg
Published: February 2021

Cities are essential players in responding to the present complex environmental and social challenges, such as climate change. The nature-based solution (NbS) concept is identified in the scientific discourse and further recognized by the European Commission as a part of the solution to address such challenges. Deploying NbS in urban contexts requires the cooperation of different public and private stakeholders to manage those processes. In this paper, the experiences of establishing and managing NbS-related processes following a co-creation approach in the city of Hamburg within the framework of an EU-funded research project (CLEVER Cities) are described and analyzed. The paper identifies and discusses the main emerging factors and challenges from (1) a procedural and methodological perspective and (2) concerning the different roles of the diverse stakeholders involved. This discussion is grounded in the context of existing regulations and novel concepts for citizens’ participation in urban decision-making processes. As research results, the article defines the leading players involved in the process and their roles and interrelationships, along with recommendations for future policy agendas in cities when dealing with NbS planning.
Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals in Tropical Soils an Overview
Authors: Guerra Sierra Beatriz E. , Muñoz Guerrero Jaider , Sokolski Serge
Published: February 2021

The geomorphological characteristics of the materials inherent in tropical soils, in addition to the excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides, industrial waste and residues, and novel pollutants derived from emerging new technologies such as nanomaterials, affect the functionality and resilience of the soil-microorganism-plant ecosystem; impacting phytoremediation processes and increasing the risk of heavy metal transfer into the food chain. The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of phytoremediation in tropical soils, placing special emphasis on the factors that affect this process, such as nanoagrochemicals, and highlighting the value of biodiversity among plant species that have the potential to grow and develop in soils impacted by heavy metals, as a useful resource upon which to base further research.
The Common Approaches of Nitrogen Removal in Bioretention System
Authors: Ali Wafaa , Takaijudin Husna , Yusof Khamaruzaman Wan , Osman Manal , Abdurrasheed Abdurrasheed Sa’id
Published: February 2021

Bioretention is considered one of the best management practices (BMPS) for managing stormwater quality and quantity. The bioretention system has proven good performance in removing total suspended solids, oil, and heavy metals. The nitrogen (N) removal efficiency of the bioretention system is insufficient, however, due to the complex forms of nitrogen. Therefore, this paper aims to review recent enhancement approaches to nitrogen (N) removal and to discuss the factors influencing bioretention efficiency. To improve bioretention efficiency, several factors should be considered when designing bioretention systems, including nitrogen concentration, climate factors, and hydrological factors. Further, soil and plant selection should be appropriate for environmental conditions. Three design improvement approaches have been reviewed. The first is the inclusion of a saturated zone (SZ), which has been used widely. The SZ is shown to have the best performance in nitrogen removal. The second approach (which is less popular) is the usage of additives in the form of a mixture with soil media or as a separated layer. This concept is intended to be applied in tropical regions with wet soil conditions and a short dry period. The third approach combines the previous two approaches (enhanced filter media and applying a SZ). This approach is more efficient and has recently attracted more attention. This study suggests that further studies on the third approach should be carried out. Applying amendment material through filter media and integrating it with SZ provides appropriate conditions to complete the nitrogen cycle. This approach is considered a promising method to enhance nitrogen removal. In general, the bioretention system offers a promising tool for improving stormwater quality.
Minimizing the Makespan in Flowshop Scheduling for Sustainable Rubber Circular Manufacturing
Authors: Yin Peng-Yeng , Chen Hsin-Min , Cheng Yi-Lung , Wei Ying-Chieh , Huang Ya-Lin , Day Rong-Fuh
Published: February 2021

It is estimated that 1 billion waste tires are generated every year across the globe, yet only 10% are being processed, and much rubber waste is yielded during manufacturing. These waste tires and rubber scraps are poisonous to the environment when processed via incineration and landfill. Rubber circular manufacturing is an effective solution that reduces not only rubber waste but also raw material costs. In this paper we propose a two-line flowshop model for the circular rubber manufacturing problem (CRMP), where the job sequence of two production lines is appropriately aligned to obtain the shortest makespan while guaranteeing that sufficient rubber waste yielded in the first line is ready to be reused for circular production in the second line. A genetic algorithm (GA) is developed, and the design of its genetic operations is customized to the CRMP context to achieve efficient and effective evolution. The experimental results with both real and synthetic datasets show that the GA significantly surpasses two heuristics in the literature by delivering the minimum makespan, which is 3.4 to 11.2% shorter than those obtained by the two competing methods.
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) Configuration Method to Increase Node Energy Efficiency through Clustering and Location Information
Authors: Kim Jinsoo , Lee Donghwan , Hwang Jaejoon , Hong Sunghoon , Shin Dongil , Shin Dongkyoo
Published: February 2021

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technology, for services that are difficult to access or which need to be continuously monitored regardless of location, needs further research and development due to an expansion of fields where it can be applied and due to increases in efficiency. In particular, in the field of defense, research on the latest IT technologies including sensor networks is being actively conducted as an alternative to the risky use of personnel in areas such as surveillance and surveillance reconnaissance. This paper experimented with analyzing the conditions necessary for increasing the energy efficiency of the nodes constituting a sensor network using a clustering routing technique and a location-based routing technique. The derived factors include a method for selecting a cluster head (CH), a method for establishing a path from each channel to a base station (BS), and a method for transmitting collected data. We experimented with the derived factors and proposed a WSN configuration method that increases the energy efficiency of each node by applying optimal results and methods that were verified experimentally.
A Novel Plaintext-Related Color Image Encryption Scheme Based on Cellular Neural Network and Chen’s Chaotic System
Authors: Zhang Renxiu , Yu Longfei , Jiang Donghua , Ding Wei , Song Jian , He Kuncheng , Ding Qun
Published: February 2021

To address the problem that traditional stream ciphers are not sensitive to changes in the plaintext, a novel plaintext-related color image encryption scheme is proposed in this paper, which combines the 6-dimensional cellular neural network (CNN) and Chen’s chaotic system. This encryption scheme belongs to symmetric cryptography. In the proposed scheme, the initial key and switching function generated by the plaintext image are first utilized to control the CNN to complete the scrambling process. Then, Chen’s chaotic system is used to diffuse the scrambled image for realizing higher security. Finally, extensive performance evaluation is undertaken to validate the proposed scheme’s ability to offer the necessary security. Furthermore, the scheme is compared alongside state-of-the-art algorithms to establish its efficiency.
Permeability of the Cyanotoxin Microcystin-RR across a Caco-2 Cells Monolayer
Authors: Henri Jérôme , Lanceleur Rachelle , Delmas Jean-Michel , Fessard Valérie , Huguet Antoine
Published: February 2021

Microcystins (MCs) are toxins produced by several cyanobacterial species found worldwide. While MCs have a common structure, the variation of two amino acids in their structure affects their toxicity. As toxicodynamics are very similar between the MC variants, their differential toxicity could rather be explained by toxicokinetic parameters. Microcystin-RR (MC-RR) is the second most abundant congener and induces toxicity through oral exposure. As intestinal permeability is a key parameter of oral toxicokinetics, the apparent permeability of MC-RR across a differentiated intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayer was investigated. We observed a rapid and large decrease of MC-RR levels in the donor compartment. However, irrespective of the loaded concentration and exposure time, the permeabilities were very low from apical to basolateral compartments (from 4 to 15 × 10−8 cm·s−1) and from basolateral to apical compartments (from 2 to 37 × 10−8 cm·s−1). Our results suggested that MC-RR would be poorly absorbed orally. As similar low permeability was reported for the most abundant congener microcystin-LR, and this variant presented a greater acute oral toxicity than MC-RR, we concluded that the intestinal permeability was probably not involved in the differential toxicity between them, in contrast to the hepatic uptake and metabolism.
Hunting for Gravitational Quantum Spikes
Authors: Góźdź Andrzej , Piechocki Włodzimierz , Plewa Grzegorz , Trześniewski Tomasz
Published: February 2021

We present the result of our examination of quantum structures called quantum spikes. The classical spikes that are known in gravitational systems, occur in the evolution of the inhomogeneous spacetimes. A different kind of spikes, which we name strange spikes, can be seen in the dynamics of the homogeneous sector of the Belinski–Khalatnikov–Lifshitz scenario. They can be made visible if the so-called inhomogeneous initial data are used. The question to be explored is whether the strange spikes may survive quantization. The answer is in the affirmative. However, this is rather a subtle effect that needs further examination using sophisticated analytical and numerical tools. The spikes seem to be of fundamental importance, both at classical and quantum levels, as they may serve as seeds of real structures in the universe.
Genetic Characteristics of Avian Influenza Virus Isolated from Wild Birds in South Korea, 2019–2020
Authors: Na Eun-Jee , Kim Young-Sik , Lee Sook-Young , Kim Yoon-Ji , Park Jun-Soo , Oem Jae-Ku
Published: February 2021

Wild aquatic birds, a natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), transmit AIVs to poultry farms, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics of AIVs isolated from wild birds in South Korea from October 2019 to March 2020 were investigated and analyzed. Fresh avian fecal samples (3256) were collected by active monitoring of 11 wild bird habitats. Twenty-eight AIVs were isolated. Seven HA and eight NA subtypes were identified. All AIV hosts were Anseriformes species. The HA cleavage site of 20 representative AIVs was encoded by non-multi-basic amino acid sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the eight segment genes of the AIVs showed that most genes clustered within the Eurasian lineage. However, the HA gene of H10 viruses and NS gene of four viruses clustered within the American lineage, indicating intercontinental reassortment of AIVs. Representative viruses likely to infect mammals were selected and evaluated for pathogenicity in mice. JB21-58 (H5N3), JB42-93 (H9N2), and JB32-81 (H11N2) were isolated from the lungs, but JB31-69 (H11N9) was not isolated from the lungs until the end of the experiment at 14 dpi. None of infected mice showed clinical sign and histopathological change in the lung. In addition, viral antigens were not detected in lungs of all mice at 14 dpi. These data suggest that LPAIVs derived from wild birds are unlikely to be transmitted to mammals. However, because LPAIVs can reportedly infect mammals, including humans, continuous surveillance and monitoring of AIVs are necessary, despite their low pathogenicity.
Enterovirus A71 Vaccines
Authors: Li Mei-Ling , Shih Shin-Ru , Tolbert Blanton S. , Brewer Gary
Published: February 2021

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a major causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) and herpangina. Moreover, EV-A71 infection can lead to neurological complications and death. Vaccination is the most efficient way to control virus infection. There are currently three inactivated, whole EV-A71 vaccines licensed by the China NMPA (National Medical Products Administration). Several other types of vaccines, such as virus-like particles and recombinant VP1 (capsid protein), are also under development. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the development of EV-A71 vaccines.
Candidate Glycoprotein Biomarkers for Canine Visceral Hemangiosarcoma and Validation Using Semi-Quantitative Lectin/Immunohistochemical Assays
Authors: Oungsakul Patharee , Choi Eunju , Shah Alok K. , Mohamed Ahmed , O’Leary Caroline , Duffy David , Hill Michelle M. , Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle
Published: February 2021

Visceral hemangiosarcoma (HSA) is one of the more frequent cancers in dogs and has a high metastatic rate and poor prognosis, as clinical signs only become apparent in advanced stages of tumor development. In order to improve early and differential diagnostic capabilities and hence, prognosis for dogs with HSA, two types of biomarker are needed: a point-of-care diagnostic biomarker and a prognostic biomarker—preferentially based on samples obtained with minimally invasive methods. In this study, we applied a lectin magnetic bead array-coupled tandem mass spectrometry (LeMBA-MS/MS) workflow through discovery and validation phases to discover serum glycoprotein biomarker candidates for canine HSA. By this approach, we found that Datura stramonium (DSA), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Sambucus nigra (SNA), and Pisum sativum (PSA) lectins captured the highest number of validated candidate glycoproteins. Secondly, we independently validated serum LeMBA-MS/MS results by demonstrating the in situ relationship of lectin-binding with tumor cells. Using lectin-histochemistry and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for key proteins on tissues with HSA and semi-quantitation of the signals, we demonstrate that a combination of DSA histochemistry and IHC for complement C7 greatly increases the prospect of a more specific diagnosis of canine HSA.
The Impacts of Land-Use Input Conditions on Flow and Sediment Discharge in the Dakbla Watershed, Central Highlands of Vietnam
Authors: Tram Vo Ngoc Quynh , Somura Hiroaki , Moroizumi Toshitsugu
Published: February 2021

The main objective of this study was to evaluate various land-use input conditions in terms of the performance improvement found in consequent flow and sediment simulations. The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) was applied to the Dakbla watershed from 2000 to 2018. After the calibration and validation processes, dissimilar effects between the input conditions on the flow and sediment simulations were confirmed. It was recognized that the impact of the land use on the sediment simulation was more sensitive than with the flow simulation. Additionally, through monthly evaluation, the effects against the flow and sediment in the rainy season were larger than those in the dry season, especially for sediment simulation in the last three months from October to December. Changing land-use conditions could improve flow and sediment simulation performance better than the performance found with static land-use conditions. Updated land-use inputs should be considered in simulations if the given land-use condition changes in a relatively short period because of frequent land-use policy changes by a local government.
Laboratory Tests of New Groundwater Table Level Regulators in Subsurface Drainage Systems
Authors: Popek Zbigniew , Bajkowski Sławomir , Siwicki Piotr , Urbański Janusz
Published: February 2021

The changes in hydrological conditions observed nowadays require economical use of water. This applies to water management both on a national scale and river basins and catchments, as well as on the scale of drainage systems and individual drainage networks. Outflow regulation is carried out by extending the outflow time of surface water collected during rainfall in various forms of retention in the catchment area. One of the devices for regulating the outflow of groundwater is a drainage network, traditionally used as a drainage system. The water level regulators presented in this article enable the damming of water in the drainage network, in pipelines and in the adjacent ground. The conducted tests were aimed at determining the hydraulic characteristics and operating conditions of two innovative solutions of water level regulators in drainage systems. These regulators are characterised by the possibility of smooth regulation by the use of rotary or propeller systems for smoothly setting the damming level. Both tested regulators are characterised by the presence of an effective flow, the value of which was set at the level of Qe = 0.17 l·s−1 to Qe = 0.25 l·s−1 for the funnel regulator and Qe = 0.009 l·s−1 to Qe = 0.015 l·s−1 for a hole regulator. Laboratory tests of the prototypes showed that the funnel regulator allows one to maintain the damming level in a flow rate range of up to 5.5 l·s−1, with possible damming up to 3 cm, regardless of the height of the shaft. The hole regulator is characterised by a flow control range of up to Q = 0.65 l·s−1, greater variability of the damming levels and the need to change the position of the working openings, depending on the flow rate.
Spatial–Temporal Evolution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Agricultural Water Use Efficiency in Northwest China—Based on a Super-DEA Model and a Spatial Panel Econometric Model
Authors: Lu Weinan , Liu Wenxin , Hou Mengyang , Deng Yuanjie , Deng Yue , Zhou Boyang , Zhao Kai
Published: February 2021

Improving agricultural water use efficiency (AWUE) is an important way to solve the shortage of water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. This study used the Super-DEA (data envelopment analysis) to measure the AWUE of 52 cities in Northwest China from 2000 to 2018. Based on spatial and temporal perspectives, it applied Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) to explore the dynamic evolution and regional differences of AWUE. A spatial econometric model was then used to analyze the main factors that influence the AWUE in Northwest China. The results showed firstly that the overall AWUE in Northwest China from 2000 to 2018 presented a steady upward trend. However, only a few cities achieved effective agricultural water usage by 2018, and the differences among cities were obvious. Secondly, AWUE showed an obvious spatial autocorrelation in Northwest China and showed significant high–high and low–low agglomeration characteristics. Thirdly, economic growth, urbanization development, and effective irrigation have significant, positive effects on AWUE, while per capita water resource has a significant, negative influence. Finally, when improving the AWUE in arid and semi-arid regions, plans should be formulated according to local conditions. The results of this study can provide new ideas on the study of AWUE in arid and semi-arid regions and provide references for the formulation of regional agricultural water resource utilization policies as well.
A Hybrid Biological-Adsorption Approach for the Treatment of Contaminated Groundwater Using Immobilized Nanoclay-Algae Mixtures
Authors: Mollamohammada Sara , Aly Hassan Ashraf , Dahab Mohamed , Kumar Sandeep
Published: February 2021

Mixing the Scenedesmus species with nanoclay and immobilizing in sodium alginate was evaluated as a sustainable treatment method for removing nitrate, atrazine, and metals from groundwater. Gel beads containing the hybrid mixture removed 100% of 10 mg/L N nitrate and 98% of 100 µg/L atrazine from synthetic groundwater in three days. The optimal amount of nanoclay was found to be 0.30 mg per bead. The experimental data fit well into a Freundlich adsorption isotherm and followed pseudo first-order kinetics. When tested in actual groundwater, 91% of nitrate and 100% of Cr, Se, and V were eliminated in three days without need for any nutrients or carbon source. Immobilizing algal beads embedded with nanoclay is a natural, low-cost alternative for groundwater treatment. The gel beads can be reused for at least two cycles without a compromise in performance. They are water-insoluble, easy to harvest, and offer high removal efficiency.
Bayesian Estimation of the Shape Parameter of Lomax Distribution under Uniform and Jeffery Prior with Engineering Applications
Authors: IJAZ Muhammad
Published: February 2021

In engineering, it is usual to model the data so as to make a decision under the problem of uncertainty. Commonly, the data in engineering is skewed to the right, and the skewed distributions in statistics are the appropriate models for making a decision under the Bayesian paradigm. To model the lifetime of an electronic device, an engineer can use the Bayesian estimators to compute the effect of the evidence in increasing the probability for the lifetime of an electronic device by using the prior information. This study presents an estimation of the shape parameter of Lomax distribution under Uniform and Jeffery prior by adopting SELF, QELF, WSELF, and the PELF. The significance of various estimators is compared and presented in graphs using simulated data under the Bayesian paradigm. It was determined that under a uniform prior, Bayes estimator under weighted error loss function (BWEL) provides a better result than others. Under Jeffery prior, the precautionary error loss function (BPEL) leads to a better result than others. Moreover, an application to engineering is also presented for illustration purposes.﻿
A Terahertz Metamaterial Absorber-Based Temperature Sensor Having Nine Resonance Peaks
Authors: BAĞCI Fulya
Published: February 2021

Design and investigation of a polarization-insensitive nine-band tunable metamaterial absorber at THz frequencies with equal to or more than 90% absorption ratio in all of the bands are reported. The tunable metamaterial absorber consists of four isosceles triangle patches with four U-shaped cut paths on top of an indium antimonide substrate, which has a fully metallic ground plane at the backside. Numerical analyses show that the metamaterial absorber has wide-angle characteristics under transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic modes. The permittivity of indium antimonide is highly dependent on temperature variations due to its temperature-dependent intrinsic carrier density, leading to shift of nine absorption peak frequencies upon change of environment temperature. Broadband switching of nine absorption peak frequencies with maximum 71.5% shift ratio between 190 K and 230 K is obtained. Temperature sensing performance of the metamaterial absorber is further evaluated and the sensitivities are found to be 11.5 GHz/K, 9.2 GHz/K, 8.3 GHz/K, 7.6 GHz/K, 7.0 GHz/K, 6.2 GHz/K, 5.3 GHz/K, 4.5 GHz/K and 4.2 GHz/K, from the first to ninth absorption band, respectively. Therefore, the proposed nine-band metamaterial absorber sensor has great potential in sensitive and accurate temperature measurement, absorption tuning in optoelectronic applications and as frequency selective thermal emitters.
The level of The Utilization of Main Facilities of Birea Fish Landing Base, Bantaeng Regency
Authors: Darma Darma , Safruddin Safruddin , Mallawa Achmar
Published: February 2021

This study aims to identify main facilities and determine the level of the main facilities utilization of Birea fish landing base, Pa'jukukang District, Bantaeng Regency. The research was conducted from May to July 2020. The method used in this research is a case study. Primary data was consisting of the length of the pier, the distance between ships, the length of time to moor, the length of the breakwater and the length of the trip, and the size and number of ships anchored, were collected through direct observation in the field. Meanwhile, secondary data such as catch production data, development of the number and types of fishing units, the size of the port pool area, and the depth of the waters were taken through the interviews method. The utilization rate of the main facilities utilization of Berea fish landing base are a pier utilization rate of 90.5%, a port pool of 72.5%, a land port 86%, and two meters of water depth are required. Based on the research results, it is found that the long pier is still possible to accommodate ships that are anchored, while the port pool and portland still meet the requirements, however, dredging is necessary for dredging the depth of the waters for shipping in and out of ships.
Key words: birea fish landing base, the level of main facilities utilization, bantaeng regency.
Characterization of Biofilm production in XDR Proteus mirabilis isolated from Baghdad city hospitals
Authors:   Al-Karkh University of Science, College of Science, Department of Microbiology, Iraq, Aziz Rawa , Mohameed Elaf
Published: February 2021

Objective(s): P. mirabilis is considered as extensive drug resistant pathogen in many studies as it can resist complex antibiotic regimes, such pathogen can be threat to public health, especially when it has the ability to produce biofilm. Therefore, biofilm production was characterized among XDR P. mirabilis local isolates in this research. Material and Methods: 100 P. mirabilis isolated from wound infections from patients admitted to Baghdad hospitals. They were identified using biochemical test and Vitek2 system. The MIC test for antibiotic sensitivity was done by Vitek 2 automated system. Biofilm production was identified phenotypically by twitching motility test, scanning electron microscope, and microtiter plate assay. Results: It could be revealed that 8/100 isolates were MDR, 90/100 isolates were XDR and pan drug resistance level was shown in only two isolates. 80% of isolates had motile ability through twitching assay, and scan electron microscope study revealed that 76% of XDR isolates could produce different stages of biofilm on coverslip placed in MacConkey broth. Microtiter plate assay revealed 81% of XDR isolates were biofilm producers. Conclusion: it could be concluded that extensive drug resistant P. mirabilis can produce biofilm hence resist several important antibiotics; making treatment of infection among wounded patients is such a challenge in many hospitals in Baghdad.
Transformation of vaious terms into neologisms
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dillər Universiteti, Rahib Mirzayeva Khuraman
Published: February 2021

The article deals with transformation of language terms into neologisms which is the consequence influence of various processes taking plase in society. It is also highlighted that the vocabulary of any language is enriched with both internal and external sources, its sustainability depends on its usage. The process of determinologization of concepts and transformation reasons of terms are studied. Also the role of common words of the lexicon in the determinologization process is noted. Key words: term, neologism, determinologization, lexicon, vocabulary, word
Schizophrenia, its signs and main symptoms
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universiteti, Adalat Allahverdiyeva Gunel
Published: February 2021

Schizophrenia is a serious and complex mental illness. It is mainly considered as an abnormality of brain physiology. At the heart of schizophrenia is a disorder of thinking and perception. During the disease, individual characteristics and self-control are lost. At the onset of schizophrenia, the patient experiences failures in his current occupation, truancy, inability to perform work at work, and disturbances in family, work, and relationships with friends. Key words: personality variability, fragmentation, auditory hallucinations, speech and thinking disorders.
Oligophrenia associated with various pathogenesis
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Pedaqoji Universiteti, Afar Israfilova Afat
Published: February 2021

The causes of pathology are different. There are various inherited genetic disorders of the body, which are metabolic disorders, chromosome deficiency leads to various pathologies. Other factors have a negative effect on embryonic pathogenesis in the intrauterine stage. As a result, the baby does not develop properly in the womb. Key words: Pathology, physical illness, infection, mental retardation
Creation and implementation of the Ottawa Handbook of Emergency Medicine
Authors: Endres Kaitlin , Anjum Omar , Syed Shahbaz
Published: February 2021

Implication Statement

Medical students face multiple academic challenges during their transition to clerkship, including the ability to navigate various educational resources and translate acquired knowledge clinically. The Ottawa Handbook of Emergency Medicine (EM) was created by referencing EM textbooks and relevant literature, followed by a local peer-review process. A website metrics assessment was performed to assess student uptake. Implementation of the Ottawa Handbook of EM across Canadian clerkship curriculums is anticipated to bridge the EM knowledge gap for junior learners.
Foehns on the Northwestern Slopes of the White Carpathians?
Authors: Prošek Pavel , Střítežská Šárka
Published: February 2021

The foehn effect on the northwestern slopes of the White Carpathians has been by many scholars explained as the result of south and souteastern winds. No quantitative-based proofs, however, have so far acknowledged the existence of pseudoadiabatic processes in this region. This article analyses conditions for the rise and movement of foehn-type winds in the Moravian (northwestern) part of the White Carpathians. Data on air temperature and humidity from the period July 1987 - October 1988, recorded at 5 meteorological stations between the Váh and Morava Rivers, have been used.
Glaciation in Columbia Mountains and Rocky Mountains in Canada
Authors: Červinka Pavel
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the glaciation of selected regions in Canadian Rocky Mountains and Columbia Mountains and examines in detail glacial morphological forms. It is based on author's field research and interpretation with regard to the glacial forms classification and origins. Glacial fluctuations in the area studied were influenced by climatic changes; most glacial morphological forms are supposed to be relatively recent. Frequent slope movements cause ongoing creation of talus and other accummulations.
Continental Glaciation in Northern Bohemia
Authors: Nývlt Daniel
Published: February 2021

Part of Northern Bohemia was covered on several occasions by a continental ice sheet during the Pleistocene. This article provides a review of important studies on the glacial history of northern Bohemia and indicates the present state of knowledge of the extent and stratigraphy of glacial sediments. The relationship of glacigenic and other Pleistocene sediments, mainly the terrace system of the Ploučnice River (the basin of which was directly affected by the continental ice sheet) is also discussed. Finally, the author refers to some problems to be solved.
Tingkat Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat Anti Tuberkulosis Pada Pasien Di Puskesmas Tombulilato Kabupaten Bone Bolango
Authors: Amran Rosmala , Abdulkadir Widysusanti , Madania Madania
Published: February 2021

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium. Compliance wiyh long-term medication is the key  to tuberculosis control. It also has become a complex and dynamic phenomenon with various factors that are impactful on the patients’ behavior of taking drugs. This non experimental observation research aims to measure the patients’ compliance level of using anti-tuberculosis drugs in puskesmas (Community Health Center) Tombulilato. Relying on the cross-sectional design, this study collected the data from qualitative approach and employing the purposive sampling technique in selecting 38 respondents suffering from tuberculosis aged 15-75 years. Further, the collected data were processed using the SPSS program and were  analyzed  utilizing the univariate analysis. The results reveal that the respondents in the site area are categorized as “being compliant” in using anti-tuberculosis drugs, with the percentage 86,8%.
Predicting Shear Stress Parameters in Consolidated Drained Conditions Using Artificial Intelligence Methods
Authors: Amin Benbouras
Published: February 2021

Using the direct shear stress test for estimating shear stress parameters is considered to be of great importance, mainly for enhancing and strengthening soils, assessing their bearing capacity, and predicting potential risks that could bring harm to foundations. However, conducting the test in consolidated drained conditions is quite expensive and time-consuming (e.g., up to three months in consolidated clay). To our knowledge, few researchers have suggested simple models in undrained conditions to experimentally estimate these parameters. However, in large projects and slope studies, testing in consolidated drained conditions is more important because these conditions mimic reality. The current study aims to suggest a new model for estimating shear stress parameters. The reliability of the approach was tested through comparing several models of multiple regression analysis, genetic programming, and artificial neural networks. These models were tested on 98 samples of Algiers soil. The results showed the efficiency of the artificial neural network method with two hidden layers, which provided the best appropriate model, and the most approached results to experimental data, as compared with the other models. Based on these findings, this study proposes a structural flowchart for effectively predicting shear stress parameters effectively in future studies.
Conservación de avifauna y desarrollo el ecoturismo en Cañete
Authors:   Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Yangali Judith
Published: February 2021

El estudio de la avifauna está basado en reconocer y promover la conservación de las diferentes especies de aves endémicas y migratorias que habitan en el centro poblado Boca del Río. Dado que el lugar cuenta con lagunas y diversas especies de flora en la desembocadura del Rio, dicho lugar cuenta con agua salubre en el estuario por lo que es la principal fuente de alimento para las aves. La investigación tuvo como propósito determinar la relación de la conservación de la avifauna silvestre y el desarrollo del ecoturismo en el centro poblado de Boca del Río, provincia de Cañete, región Lima. La metodología utilizada en la investigación responde a una investigación de tipo aplicada, enfoque cuantitativo, diseño no experimental, de nivel correlacional y corte transversal. La población de estudio estuvo compuesta por 205 habitantes del centro poblado de Boca del Río, ubicado a 15 minutos del distrito de San Vicente y la muestra de estudio fueron 81 habitantes de la zona; se utilizó como técnica la encuesta y los instrumentos fueron cuestionarios validados. Las conclusiones del estudio demostraron que la conservación de avifauna tiene relación significativa con el desarrollo del ecoturismo, es decir la conservación de la biodiversidad y en especial las aves silvestres permiten el desarrollo del ecoturismo, además de generar empleos para las familias y elevar la calidad de vida de la población local.
Network-on-a-chip of a new microprocessor generation with the Elbrus architecture
Authors: Kozhin E. S. , Kozhin A. S.
Published: February 2021

The paper describes a network-on-chip of a new microprocessor generation with the Elbrus architecture, taking into account the peculiarities of physical design. The network-on-a-chip under consideration plays a central role in the scaling process of the microprocessor, interconnecting all the main components of the system and ensuring the transfer of all types of packets between devices. The characteristics of the network-on-a-chip determine the bandwidth and access time to the memory subsystem.
Increasing the accuracy of an analogue-to-digital converter (ADC) with an intermediate voltage-to-frequency conversion
Authors: Dobrynin V. V.
Published: February 2021

The article proposes an approach to increasing the resolution of integrated analogue-to-digital (ADC) converters with intermediate voltage-to-frequency conversion (VFC). At sampling rate1 kHz was achieved effective number of bits (ENOB) from 12 to 16. In addition, an approach to compensating for the non-linearity of voltage-to-frequency conversion was proposed. Across the range of measured voltages from 100 mV to 8 V, the voltage measurement error comprised no more than ±0.025 %, which corresponds to a five-and-a-half-bit voltmeter. The proposed device was implemented exclusively on mass-produced chips. The six independent ADC channels, implemented on 1316PP1AU VFCs, are serviced by a single 1986VE91 microcontroller, with the processor loading with the task of improving accuracy being no more than 10%.
Experimental study of a prototype for an autonomous infrared system for ground object recognition
Authors: Maltsev A. I. , Otkupman D. G. , Ostashenkova V. K. , Ostanin M. V.
Published: February 2021

The results of experiments with a prototype of an autonomous infrared system for recognition of ground objects based on domestic physical components and open architecture of the YOLOv3 convolutional neural network are presented. The object of recognition is a car van. The neural network is trained on a set of images taken in the visible range. Infrared video footage of imperfect quality recorded by a moving and vibrating air carrier – octocopter – is analysed.
Guidelines for Safe Routine Dental Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sivaramakrishnan Gowri , Al Sulaiti Fatema , Al sobaiei Muneera
Published: February 2021

The Dental Postgraduate Training Department at the Ministry of Health, Bahrain, is committed to raising the standards of care provided to our patients through postgraduate education, and the provision of evidence-based guidelines for dental professionals. We are delighted, and we believe that this important set of guidelines will prepare the dental professionals to resume and continue their routine dental procedures in primary care dental clinics during the pandemic. The purpose of developing these guidelines is to ensure the provision of best practices in a safe environment for the dental health care professionals and the patient.
Factors Impacting Conversations with Friends and Family about Living Kidney Donation
Authors: Ahmed Ahmed , Winterbottom Anna , Stoves John , Ahmed Shenaz , Daga Sunil
Published: February 2021

Introduction 
Living donor kidney transplantation is the optimal modality of renal replacement therapy for advanced kidney disease. It is associated with superior recipient and graft survival, a better quality of life and self-reported health status compared to dialysis. Living kidney donation occurs less frequently in members of Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities in Western countries. This scoping review explores the factors affecting the ability of patients (and health professionals) to initiate conversations about living kidney donation with family and friends, with a focus on BAME population groups.
Methods 
208 published articles were identified from online databases using keywords: ‘barriers’, ‘decision making’, ‘living donor’, and ‘kidney transplantation. Studies limited to donors or involving paediatric recipients were excluded,
Results
There were 25 studies that met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 21 studies included BAME communities. Participants of South Asian ethnicity were underrepresented. Key themes were; 1) lack of knowledge 2) risk perception 3) fear of financial burden on donors 4) guilt 5) religious and cultural influences and 6) mistrust of the medical establishment. There were noticeable differences in ethnicity, in the level of knowledge, risk perception and fear of financial burden. Religious/cultural reservations and medical mistrust were only reported in people from BAME populations. Two studies explored health professionals’ views.
Discussion
This literature review has identified different barriers to the pursuit of living kidney donation, some of which are linked to ethnicity. This study informs the development of a patient decision aid to support people to have conversations with potential donors, with a particular focus on South Asian groups, the second largest ethnic group in the UK.
Plain film x-rays in the diagnosis of sickle cell limb pain in children
Authors: Vivian Frederik , Chakravorty Subarna
Published: February 2021

Background and aims: Children with sickle cell disease (SCD) frequently present with limb pain. Differentials include vaso-occlusive episode (VOE) and osteomyelitis (OM). X-rays expose to radiation but rarely aid in diagnosis. We audited the use of x-ray in investigating children with SCD presenting with limb pain to a South London hospital and analysed whether x-rays aid in diagnosis.
Methods: Patients aged 0-18 with SCD were identified using the hospital’s SCD database. Admissions from January 2010 to September 2019 in which limb pain was a documented symptom were included.
Results: Of 342 patients investigated, there were 188 admissions with limb pain. Diagnoses at discharge were: 174 VOE, 4 OM, and 7 others. 44 (25%) of those with VOE had limb x-rays, compared with 3 (75%) of those with OM. Of those x-rayed, 11 with VOE and all with OM had a subsequent MRI. None of the x-rays assisted in confirming the diagnosis or change management. Of the VOE patients, more of those that were x-rayed had swelling (48% vs 8%, p=<0.0001), and fevers (57% vs 37%, p=0.021), and peak CRP was higher (109 vs 75, p=0.044).
Conclusions: X-rays were frequently used to investigate children with SCD. Limb swelling, fevers and higher CRP, features potentially suggestive of OM, were more common in those that were x-rayed. X-rays did not aid in distinguishing VOE and OM or change management.
Small Bowel Obstruction due to Meckel's Diverticulitis Presenting in pregnancy
Authors: Khanna Chaitra Naik , Harris Paul Richard , Faulkner Gemma
Published: February 2021

Meckel’s diverticulitis is an extremely rare cause of acute abdomen during pregnancy. Depending on the clinical presentation it can be managed either by laparoscopy or laparotomy. We report the case of a 29-year-old pregnant female, presenting with abdominal pain and distension in the early second trimester.
The abdominal Ultrasound scan was inconclusive. Magnetic resonance imaging showed small bowel obstruction with a dilated ileal loop. An inflamed Meckel’s diverticulum adherent to the fundus of the gravid uterus was identified during laparotomy. Excision of Meckel’s Diverticulum was carried out with a stapling device.
The diagnosis of Meckel’s diverticulitis can be challenging, especially in pregnancy, and a delay in diagnosis can be detrimental to the mother and foetus. Although laparoscopic management has been reported to be safe in the second trimester, in this case, the abdominal distension would have made access challenging and unsafe, and hence the decision to perform a laparotomy was taken.
Eurasian Federation of Oncology
Authors: Subramanian Somasundaram
Published: February 2021

Abstracts presented at the Conference, Moscow, Russian Federation
7 October 2020
The genome of Tripterygium wilfordii and characterization of the celastrol biosynthesis pathway
Authors: Pei Tianlin , Yan Mengxiao , Kong Yu , Fan Hang , Liu Jie , Cui Mengying , Fang Yumin , Ge Binjie , Yang Jun , Zhao Qing
Published: February 2021

Tripterygium wilfordii is a vine from the Celastraceae family that is used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The active ingredient, celastrol, is a friedelane-type pentacyclic triterpenoid with putative roles as an antitumor, immunosuppressive, and anti-obesity agent. Here, we report a reference genome assembly of T. wilfordii with high-quality annotation using a hybrid sequencing strategy. The total genome size obtained is 340.12 Mb, with a contig N50 value of 3.09 Mb. We successfully anchored 91.02% of sequences into 23 pseudochromosomes using high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi–C) technology. The super-scaffold N50 value was 13.03 Mb. We also annotated 31,593 structural genes, with a repeat percentage of 44.31%. These data demonstrate that T. wilfordii diverged from Malpighiales species approximately 102.4 million years ago. By integrating genome, transcriptome and metabolite analyses, as well as in vivo and in vitro enzyme assays of two cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes, TwCYP712K1 and TwCYP712K2, it is possible to investigate the second biosynthesis step of celastrol and demonstrate that this was derived from a common ancestor. These data provide insights and resources for further investigation of pathways related to celastrol, and valuable information to aid the conservation of resources, as well as understand the evolution of Celastrales.
Harvest Maturity Influences Fruit Quality of Carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.)
Authors: Nayab Shafa , Razzaq Kashif , Ullah Sami , Rajwana Ishtiaq Ahmad , Amin Muhammad , Naz Ambreen
Published: February 2021

Harvest maturity determines the shelf life and nutritional quality of fruits. The present study was planned to determine the effect of harvest maturity on fruit quality of carambola. Fruits of carambola (Averrhoa carambola L.) cv. “Arkin” were harvested at five maturity stages, i.e., M1 (100% green), M2 (75% green and 25% yellow), M3 (50% green and 50% yellow), M4 (25% green and 75% yellow), and M5 (100% yellow) and subjected to physico-chemical analysis. At eating soft stage, a significant linear increase in fruit juice percentage, total soluble solids (TSS), ripening index (TSS/TA) and fruit juice pH, while a decrease in rag content, ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and titratable acidity (TA) was observed as the maturity progressed from 100% green to 100% yellow. Sensory evaluation data of fruit skin colour, flavour, texture, and acceptability showed the highest score for fruits harvested at 25% green and 75% yellow (M4) stage. In conclusion, harvest maturity significantly influenced various biochemical quality characteristics and carambola fruits harvested at 75% yellow (M4) is considered as an optimal harvest stage that exhibited best sensory and nutritional quality attributes.