bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lymphopenia predicted illness severity and recovery in patients with COVID-19: A single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Liu Jiheng , Li Heng , Luo Ming , Liu Jiyang , Wu Lingzhen , Lin Xianfeng , Li Ruijuan , Wang Zhihua , Zhong Haiying , Zheng Wenli , Zhou Yan , Jiang Dixuan , Tan Xin , Zhou Zhiguo , Peng Hongling , Zhang Guangsen
Published: November 2020

The outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 began in December 2019 and rapidly became a pandemic. The present study investigated the significance of lymphopenia on disease severity. A total of 115 patients with confirmed COVID-19 from a tertiary hospital in Changsha, China, were enrolled. Clinical, laboratory, treatment and outcome data were gathered and compared between patients with and without lymphopenia. The median age was 42 years (1–75). Fifty-four patients (47.0%) of the 115 patients had lymphopenia on admission. More patients in the lymphopenia group had hypertension (30.8% vs. 10.0%, P = 0.006) and coronary heart disease (3.6% vs. 0%, P = 0.029) than in the nonlymphopenia group, and more patients with leukopenia (48.1% vs 14.8%, P<0.001) and eosinopenia (92.6% vs 54.1%, P<0.001) were observed. Lymphopenia was also correlated with severity grades of pneumonia (P<0.001) and C-reactive protein (CRP) level (P = 0.0014). Lymphopenia was associated with a prolonged duration of hospitalization (17.0 days vs. 14.0 days, P = 0.002). Lymphocyte recovery appeared the earliest, prior to CRP and chest radiographs, in severe cases, which suggests its predictive value for disease improvement. Our results demonstrated the clinical significance of lymphopenia for predicting the severity of and recovery from COVID-19, which emphasizes the need to dynamically monitor lymphocyte count.
How self-efficacy beliefs in dealing with negative emotions are associated to negative affect and to life satisfaction across gender and age
Authors: Caprara Mariagiovanna , Di Giunta Laura , Bermúdez José , Caprara Gian Vittorio
Published: November 2020

The present study examines the extent to which individuals’ self-efficacy beliefs about their capacity to manage distinct emotions, such as anger, sadness, fear, shame and guilt, are associated with negative affect and life satisfaction in a Spanish population of diverse ages. The results attest to the validity of the Multidimensional Negative Emotions Self-Regulatory Efficacy Scale (MNESRES) and show that self-efficacy beliefs related to basic and self-conscious/moral emotions are associated differently with negative affect and life satisfaction. These findings corroborate previous findings from American and Italian populations, and they support the view that discrete emotions deserve distinct attention, either regarding their management or their association with individuals’ well-being and adjustment.
From non-use to covert and overt use of contraception: Identifying community and individual factors informing Nigerian women’s degree of contraceptive empowerment
Authors: OlaOlorun Funmilola M. , Anglewicz Philip , Moreau Caroline
Published: November 2020

Objective

In Nigeria, unmet need for contraception is high despite improved access to modern contraception. To identify factors that support Nigerian women’s contraceptive decisions to achieve their reproductive goals, in the presence or absence of their partner’s support, we seek to identify individual/couple and community level determinants of a spectrum of contraceptive practices, from non-use to covert and overt use of contraception.

Methods

Data were drawn from a national probability survey conducted by Performance Monitoring and Accountability 2020 in Nigeria in 2017–2018. A sample of 12,948 women 15–49 years was included, 6433 of whom were in need of contraception at the time of the survey. We conducted bivariate and multivariate analysis to identify individual/couple and community level factors associated with covert use relative to non-use and to overt use of contraception.

Results

Altogether, 58.0% of women in need of contraception were non-users, 4.5% were covert users and 37.5% used contraception overtly. Covert users were more educated and wealthier than non-users, but less educated and less wealthy than overt users. Covert users were less likely to cohabitate with their partner compared to non-users [AOR = 4.60 (95%CI: 3.06–6.93)] and overt users [AOR = 5.01 (95%CI: 3.24–7.76)] and more likely to reside in urban areas. At the community level, covert users were more likely to live in communities with higher contraceptive prevalence and higher levels of female education relative to non-users. They were also more likely to live in communities with higher female employment [AOR = 1.62, (95%CI: 0.96–2.73)] compared to overt users.

Conclusion

By identifying individual and community level factors associated with the spectrum from non-use to covert use and overt use of contraception, this study highlights the importance of integrating individual and community interventions to support women’s realization of their reproductive goals.
First trimester secreted Frizzled-Related Protein 4 and other adipokine serum concentrations in women developing gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Schuitemaker Joost H. N. , Beernink Rik H. J. , Franx Arie , Cremers Thomas I. F. H. , Koster Maria P. H.
Published: November 2020

Background

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether soluble frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) concentration in the first trimester of pregnancy is individually, or in combination with Leptin, Chemerin and/or Adiponectin, associated with the development of gestational diabetes (GDM).

Methods

In a nested case-control study, 50 women with GDM who spontaneously conceived and delivered a live-born infant were matched with a total of 100 uncomplicated singleton control pregnancies based on body mass index (± 2 kg/m2), gestational age at sampling (exact day) and maternal age (± 2 years). In serum samples, obtained between 70–90 days gestational age, sFRP4, Chemerin, Leptin and Adiponectin concentrations were determined by ELISA. Statistical comparisons were performed using univariate and multi-variate logistic regression analysis after logarithmic transformation of the concentrations. Discrimination of the models was assessed by the area under the curve (AUC).

Results

First trimester sFRP4 concentrations were significantly increased in GDM cases (2.04 vs 1.93 ng/ml; p<0.05), just as Chemerin (3.19 vs 3.15 ng/ml; p<0.05) and Leptin (1.44 vs 1.32 ng/ml; p<0.01). Adiponectin concentrations were significantly decreased (2.83 vs 2.94 ng/ml; p<0.01) in GDM cases. Further analysis only showed a weak, though significant, correlation of sFRP4 with Chemerin (R2 = 0.124; p<0.001) and Leptin (R2 = 0.145; p<0.001), and Chemerin with Leptin (R2 = 0.282; p<0.001) in the control group. In a multivariate logistic regression model of these four markers, only Adiponectin showed to be significantly associated with GDM (odds ratio 0.12, 95%CI 0.02–0.68). The AUC of this model was 0.699 (95%CI 0.605–0.793).

Conclusion

In the first trimester of pregnancy, a multi-marker model with sFRP4, Leptin, Chemerin and Adiponectin is associated with the development of GDM. Therefore, this panel seems to be an interesting candidate to further evaluate for prediction of GDM in a prospective study.
A Gini approach to spatial CO2 emissions
Authors: Zhou Bin , Thies Stephan , Gudipudi Ramana , Lüdeke Matthias K. B. , Kropp Jürgen P. , Rybski Diego
Published: November 2020

Combining global gridded population and fossil fuel based CO2emission data at 1 km scale, we investigate the spatial origin of CO2emissions in relation to the population distribution within countries. We depict the correlations between these two datasets by a quasi-Lorenz curve which enables us to discern the individual contributions of densely and sparsely populated regions to the national CO2emissions. We observe pronounced country-specific characteristics and quantify them using an indicator resembling the Gini-index. As demonstrated by a robustness test, the Gini-index for each country arise from a compound distribution between the population and emissions which differs among countries. Relating these indices with the degree of socio-economic development measured by per capita Gross Domestic Product (GDP) at purchase power parity, we find a strong negative correlation between the two quantities with a Pearson correlation coefficient of -0.71. More specifically, this implies that in developing countries locations with large population tend to emit relatively more CO2, and in developed countries the opposite tends to be the case. Based on the relation to urban scaling, we discuss the implications for CO2emissions from cities. Our results show that general statements with regard to the (in)efficiency of large cities should be avoided as it is subject to the socio-economic development of respective countries. Concerning the political relevance, our results suggest a differentiated spatial prioritization in deploying climate change mitigation measures in cities for developed and developing countries.
High-severity wildfires in temperate Australian forests have increased in extent and aggregation in recent decades
Authors: Tran Bang Nguyen , Tanase Mihai A. , Bennett Lauren T. , Aponte Cristina
Published: November 2020

Wildfires have increased in size and frequency in recent decades in many biomes, but have they also become more severe? This question remains under-examined despite fire severity being a critical aspect of fire regimes that indicates fire impacts on ecosystem attributes and associated post-fire recovery. We conducted a retrospective analysis of wildfires larger than 1000 ha in south-eastern Australia to examine the extent and spatial pattern of high-severity burned areas between 1987 and 2017. High-severity maps were generated from Landsat remote sensing imagery. Total and proportional high-severity burned area increased through time. The number of high-severity patches per year remained unchanged but variability in patch size increased, and patches became more aggregated and more irregular in shape. Our results confirm that wildfires in southern Australia have become more severe. This shift in fire regime may have critical consequences for ecosystem dynamics, as fire-adapted temperate forests are more likely to be burned at high severities relative to historical ranges, a trend that seems set to continue under projections of a hotter, drier climate in south-eastern Australia.
Bacterial compositions of indigenous Lanna (Northern Thai) fermented foods and their potential functional properties
Authors: Pakwan Chonthicha , Chitov Thararat , Chantawannakul Panuwan , Manasam Manop , Bovonsombut Sakunnee , Disayathanoowat Terd
Published: November 2020

Many indigenous fermented foods of Northern Thailand and neighbouring regions have traditionally been known for their health benefits. In this study, we explored the communities of bacteria in selected fermented foods which are commonly consumed among ethnic groups around Northern Thailand, for which information on their microbial compositions or their functional properties is still limited. The selected food groups included Thua Nao (alkaline fermented soybean product), Nham (fermented pork sausage/loaf), Nam phak (fermented Chinese cabbage) and Miang (fermented leaves from Miang Tea trees). Bacteria in these fermented foods were isolated and enumerated. Bacterial communities were determined using a culture-independent (pyrosequencing) approach. Lactic acid bacteria were recovered from all of these fermented food samples, with levels ranging from 3.1 to 7.5 log CFU/g throughout the fermentation processes. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene from the fermented food samples using 454-pyrosequencing resulted in 113,844 sequences after quality evaluation. Lactic acid bacteria were found in high proportions in Nham, Nam phak and Miang. Bacillus was predominant in Thua nao, in which significant proportions of Lactic acid bacteria of the family Leuconostocaceae were also found. Groups of lactic acid bacteria found varied among different food samples, but three genera were predominant: Lactococcus, Lactobacillus and Leuconostoc, of which many members are recognised as probiotics. The results showed that these traditional Thai fermented food products are rich sources of beneficial bacteria and can potentially be functional/probiotic foods.
Affective fidelity and schadenfreude: Fans and the adaptation of Game of Thrones’ Red Wedding
Authors: Benyon Andrea
Published: November 2020

Game of Thrones was adapted from the A Song of Ice and Fire novel series. One of the most significant events in the novels is the Red Wedding, an occasion at which several popular protagonists are unexpectedly and violently killed off. Before the adaptation of the Red Wedding aired, members of a longstanding A Song of Ice and Fire fan forum participated in a discussion thread about their expectations of the scene. The term ‘affective fidelity’ is introduced to describe the ability of an adaptation to trigger the same or similar emotional responses as its source material. I argue that the emotional heart of these fans structures their expectations, especially with regard to whether the scene would trigger what they determined to be the ‘correct’ emotional response. The research also found those who expected the adapted Red Wedding to be so affectively faithful that they were dreading watching it. Some fans took pleasure in anticipating the schadenfreude they would experience when witnessing the displeasure of fans who had not read the novels, and some worked actively to ensure the maximum displeasure of those unknowing fans. I argue that although the field of adaptation studies strives to move beyond the issue of fidelity to source material, issues of fidelity are still important to fans whose object of fandom is being adapted.
‘Fansens’ are waving through a window: Exploring the Dear Evan Hansen fan phenomenon
Authors: Walczer Jarrod , Baird Derek E.
Published: November 2020

Dear Evan Hansen (DEH) is a social media-centric musical that has been widely celebrated by a show-specific online fan community, known as ‘Fansens’, on Instagram and Tumblr, having won the Tony Award for Best Musical in 2017. The growth of this fandom, on these platforms, is unique as Fansens have adopted plot points and thematic elements from the musical relating to how social media affects social anxiety, depression and suicide to create fan art and fanfictions that, in turn, result in a community of care on social media where fans can discuss their own encounters with social anxiety, teen suicide and cyberbullying. Though most Fansens would not have been able to see the musical performed on Broadway or live in-person, their fanfictions, personal posts and fan art reflect and refract the difficulties that young people have with mental health, social anxiety and suicide. Using both digital methods and post-structuralist textual analysis, this article analyses numerous fan cultural artefacts collected from DEH-specific hash-tagged posts on Tumblr and Instagram. In doing so, this article provides a new perspective on the role that fan communities, their artefacts, their use of digital medi, and their fan activist and upstanding techniques can play in providing avenues of self-care and modelling positive online support for those dealing with mental health issues.
Entangling Our Thinking and Practice: A Model for Collaboration in Teacher Education
Authors:   Deakin University, White Peta , Raphael Jo ,   Deakin University, Hannigan Shelley ,   Deakin University, Clark John ,   Deakin University
Published: November 2020

Collaboration is a key component of our practice as teachers and teacher educators and there is a need to develop generative models for collaboration among teacher educators. We have created and tested a model of collaboration. Data were drawn from: recordings of monthly group meetings; discussion threads and documents on our leaning management site; individual interviews with all members of the group conducted three times across the project; and reflections on these interview transcripts by individual annotation and group discussions. The model includes a collaborative overarching research project and, nested under this mantle, a series of focused research projects conducted by pairs of collaborators, international networking, and enactments of scholarship. A key element of the success of this model was the foundation of this research in arts-based inquiry. The model has enabled rapid and rich development of academic collaboration with flexibility to develop new practices and projects that benefits research and teaching.
STATUS AND TRENDS OF THE DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE BULGARIAN POPULATION
Authors: Garov Svetoslav , Gugutkov Dimitar , Enchev Angel , Garov Valchin
Published: November 2020

From a demographic point of view, the birth rate decline in Bulgaria is due to the reducedfertility of women of childbearing (fertile) age and the decrease in number thereof. Reconsidering therole of education as a social investment in family, state and society, without which cannot be achievedneither economic nor social prosperity, is of key importance to improve the quality of human capital.Itis expected to have a long-term incentive effect on birth rateand responsible parenting.
EXPERIENCE IN ORGANIZING AND CONDUCTING OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL INTERNET CONFERENCES “MODERN PROBLEMS OF FORMATION OF STUDENTS” HEALTHY LIFESTYLE'
Authors: Pantiouk Irina Victotovna
Published: November 2020

Objective: The purpose of this work is to summarize the experience of organizing andconducting international scientific and practical Internet conferences “Modern Problems of Formationof Students' Healthy Lifestyle” at the Belarusian State University. Material and research methods. Thework was carried out at the Belarusian State University at the Department of Human Ecology in 2020.The materials of Internet conferences held by the Department of Human Ecology on the electronicplatform for Internet conference sites were analyzed. Research methods: analytical, electronic databasecollection. We used the texts of reports of Internet conferences “Modern Problems of Formation ofStudents' Healthy Lifestyle”, comments on the Conference Forum, links to views of materials publishedin the Electronic Library of the Belarusian State University. The results of the study. The Internetconferences implemented by the Department of Human Ecology at the Faculty of Socio-culturalCommunication of the Belarusian State University allow you to define the most relevant problems andthe means of formation of healthy lifestyle of young people: low level of physical development due tothe negative influence of ecology; active forms of physical activities and the formation of a culture ofhealth among students are recommended as means of health promotions. It is important to note thatthe authors of the reports focus on the need to take comprehensive preventive measures to promote ahealthy lifestyle of students and the safety of the educational environment. Conclusions. With the riseof information technologies in the education system, some changes occur in the process of exchangingscientific information, obtaining knowledge, creating unique content in the field of problems offormation of student's healthy lifestyle. Telecommunications technologies and international scientificand practical Internet conferences are one of the appropriate ways to spread scientific achievements inthe field of introducing young people to a healthy lifestyle.
CONSEQUENCES OF CRITICALLY CONSTANT INTERACTIONS WITH A SMARTPHONE IN A PANDEMIC
Authors: Lopatina Olga Alekseevna , Efremov Dmitry Sergeevich
Published: November 2020

In this article, the author examines the importance and necessity of protecting physicaland psychological health by controlling the use of mobile phones and smartphones in a pandemic, aswell as ways to counter potential harm to human life. The study of the problem was carried out at thelocal level, the main sources were on-line questioning of students, scientific research related to thegeneral problem considered in this work. An analysis of the statistical results of a survey of universitystudents will be carried out, which made it possible to identify a deterioration in the situation in thecontext of a global pandemic, as a result of which, educational institutions change the full-time formof education to on-line, which increases the number of forced calls to the device, which, togetherwith self-isolation, results in spending time with these gadgets to a new, higher level. The influenceof electromagnetic radiation on human health, the effect of the screen parameters and the timeallocated to the device on the visual system, as well as the likely consequences, the possible effect onthe cervical spine and deviations in the psychological health of a person will be considered. Topicallyrelevant scientific articles of other researchers and authors are analyzed, as well as some data fromopen sources. The result of the work is to consider the main vectors of influence on the body andpropose a number of significant solutions to reduce the harm done to the human body as a whole,which is necessary due to the increase in the number of requests, the lack of knowledge in this topicin a pandemic and the uncontrolled use of smartphones. Conclusion: according to the results of theanalysis of scientific works and the statistical result of the survey of students, it was revealed that inthe context of a general pandemic, the harm caused by mobile devices and smartphones increasesdue to an increase in the time of use, both forced and voluntary. Based on the results of the studiescarried out, it can be argued that control of the correct use of the electronic devices discussed in thearticle will lead to a partial parry of possible such damage, both physical and psychological, which isespecially important in a pandemic.
GAME METHOD: THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPEED ABILITIES IN ATHLETES 10–12 YEARS OLD
Authors: Papandopulo Irina Ruslanovna , Tomilin Konstantin Georgievich
Published: November 2020

An attempt is made to supplement and expand the understanding of the organizationof the training process of athletes (at the stage of initial training) with special means using thegame method. In a pedagogical experiment on 48 athletes (boys and girls), the effectiveness of theexperimental methodology was determined, including: blocks of outdoor games aimed at developingelementary and complex types of speed abilities; sets of conjugate development exercises (running+ jumping); relay races to prevent the formation of a “speed barrier” from hill to hill 6x40 meters, aswell as a relay race with a handicap of 4x50 meters, to increase motivation for training sessions, etc.Correlation analysis between the recorded indicators has been carried out.The effectiveness of the experimental method (p<0.05), aimed at developing the speed abilitiesof athletes of 10–12 years old, using the game method was revealed. Correlation analysis showedthat after the pedagogical experiment there was a change in the structure of correlations betweenthe studied indicators in both groups: during the training process, some connections disappeared,others appeared.Our studies allow us to assert that the use of more games for the development of speed andreaction speed will improve the results of short-distance runners without forcing special training(p<0.05).
Criteria-evaluative competencies of sophomore students of the Faculty of Physical Education in the context of distance learning
Authors: Korolkov Alexey Nikolaevich , Shevyakova Arina Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2020

An assessment of the formation of general cultural and professional competencies of students of future teachers of the subject of physical education in the conditions of distance learning was carried out. A study was organized consisting in comparing the assessments of graduate qualification works of bachelors of physical education by sophomore students conducted as part of classes in the subject: "Fundamentals of scientific and methodological activities" at the Faculty of Physical Culture of Moscow State Regional University in May-June 2020, with the final assessments of the state certification commission.

It was established that the shortcomings of distance learning, according to the students surveyed, include: an increase in the volume of homework, technical problems with electronic communication, a lack of live communication with teachers and fellow students and hypodynamy. The advantages of distance learning by students included: saving time and money for moving, conducting classes in a comfortable home environment, flexibility in training planning and the ability to learn new courses.

A study of the homogeneity of a group of respondents found that according to examination estimates, students were divided into two groups (with high and low grades), and according to the attendance of classes into three groups of students: absentees who go through the lesson and attend constantly. At the same time, approximately 29% of the assessment in the exam is determined by the number of visits to classes. In the remote format, attendance significantly increased by 12% (t-criterion) from the initial to the quarantine period. It is also determined that 13% of the value of the final assessment of graduate qualification works is determined by the personality of the student expert in the sample under study, and not by the content of the applicant's report and presentation.

As a result of cluster analysis, three clusters of expert students are identified, differing in levels of responsibility, social and cognitive intelligence.

It was established that criterion-evaluation competencies in terms of assessing knowledge in the subject area of ​ ​ "physical culture" are formed in most students by the end of the second year. More than 80% of sophomore students begin to evaluate graduate work almost the same as members of the state certification commission
Marketingmérés – két eset az on-line marketing világából
Authors: Hubert József
Published: November 2020

A marketing mérhetőségével kapcsolatos igény nem új keletű jelenség, de elmondhatjuk: napjainkban mind erőteljesebb követelményként jelenik meg a gyakorló szakemberek előtt. Az on-line világ megjelenésével korábban többen a metrikák gyors fejlődését és a fogalmi kérdéskörben meglevő, számos homályos pont tisztázását várták. Bár az elmúlt években valóban sikerült tényszerű előrehaladást elkönyvelni, a várt áttörés - egyelőre - továbbra is csak várat magára. A szerző kutatásában - a kapcsolódó elméleti háttér áttekintését követően - két részterületet igyekszik megvilágítani, két rövid eset keretében. Egy B2B piacon mozgó vállalkozás keresőmarketing-költéseit elsősorban nyelvi-szemantikai elemzésnek vetette alá. Napjaink másik fontos és gyakran emlegetett területe a közösségi média. Itt egy nonprofit szervezet tevékenységét vizsgálta meg, a kutatási fókusz a törzsközönség attitűdje és a közzétett üzenetek hatékonysága közötti kapcsolat feltárása volt.
Cryptography used in SecuringVehicles Electronic Control Units
Authors: Jacob Siby Allen
Published: November 2020

Electronic Control Units(ECUs) are know as the brains of a vehicle. A modern vehicle can have over eighty ECUs. All of these brains are given a particular task and all of them are controlled by a Super Master ECU which knows what the vehicle is doing and how it is behaving. These ECUs are vulnerable to attacks. Attacks to the brains of a vehicle can result in causalities. Hence the concept of cryptography is adopted into the field of automobiles.
Exploring teachers’ experiences of action research
Authors: Vaughan Sinéad
Published: November 2020

Through exploring the author’s experiences of working with five teachers who undertook an action research project for their master’s dissertations, this article establishes that it is possible for critical participatory action research to address issues around the perceived de-professionalization of teachers, and challenge the exploitative nature of education within English state schools. Semi-structured interviews with five teachers showed that this was an empowering experience, which provided a number of benefits, including an increased sense of professionalism, and that they would recommend action research to other teachers. Their experiences and insights have been used to discuss options for implementing action research more widely, identifying potential challenges and suggesting possible solutions. Based on both sets of experiences, I suggest that it would be valuable for action research to be implemented more widely within the English education system, as a method of addressing teachers’ frustrations around accountability and performativity.
Curriculum design through lesson study
Authors: Wake Geoff , Seleznyov Sarah
Published: November 2020

Lesson study is increasingly prevalent as a collaborative activity in which teachers take part to explore their practice. There are many variations in how lesson study manifests itself, even in Japan, where it originated. However, in Japan, fundamental to lesson study is a focus on collaboration in researching teachers’ professional practice. In this article, we draw on experiences of our collaborative research with colleagues in Japan to provide theoretical insights into how we might conceptualize and inform future developments of lesson study as action research that informs curriculum design and implementation. The approach taken develops ideas of the theory of didactical situations, and draws on the construct of boundary objects to understand Japanese lesson study. We identify a class of artefacts, didactical devices, that may provide a useful form of boundary object that supports the collaborative action research of lesson study. Although the particular focus of the work presented here is mathematics, the lessons that we draw should have applicability across the curriculum more widely.
Viewpoint: Thoughts on whole school inspection post-Covid
Authors: Richards Colin
Published: November 2020

This article argues that the pause in whole school Ofsted inspections until the end of 2020, and possibly into 2021, offers the opportunity to re-examine the nature of school inspection as an appreciative process with inevitable limitations that Ofsted has so far failed to recognize. This raises the possibility of replacing the current adversarial system with a more consensual one grounded in basic principles similar to, but developed from, the process of school inspection pre-Ofsted by Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Schools.
Morfologia e morfometria do encéfalo de avestruz (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Viana Peçanha Shirley , Faria Hernandez José Miguel , Medeiros do Nascimento Renata , Souza Junior Paulo , Abidu-Figueiredo Marcelo
Published: November 2020

O avestruz africano (Struthio camelus) é uma ave ratita da família Struthionidae. As características anatômicas do encéfalo do avestruz Africano foram investigadas neste estudo. Vinte encéfalos de avestruzes adultos (10 machos e 10 fêmeas), fixados em formaldeído a 10%, foram analisados neste estudo. Foram obtidas as medidas do encéfalo: comprimento e largura total do encéfalo, comprimento, largura e altura dos hemisférios cerebrais direito e esquerdo, comprimento e largura do cerebelo, comprimento e largura dos lobos ópticos direito e esquerdo. Os resultados para cada variável foram expressos em média e desvio padrão. Através do teste t de Student não-pareado as variáveis foram comparadas entre os sexos e entre os antímeros. A média e desvio padrão do comprimento e largura do encéfalo dos machos foram de 5,57 ± 0,23 cm e 4,19 ± 0,16, respectivamente. Nas fêmeas a média e desvio padrão do comprimento e largura do encéfalo foram de 5,56 ±0,23 e 4,18 ± 0,16 respectivamente.  O cerebelo aparece relativamente bem desenvolvido e se projeta dorsalmente. A superfície do cérebro do avestruz é lisa sem qualquer giro ou sulco. Os bulbos olfatórios são muito pequenos. O lobo óptico é uma eminência oval localizada bilateralmente na parte ventral do mesencéfalo e converge na linha mediana ventral. O comprimento médio dos crânios dos machos é maior que o das fêmeas.
Divine Foreknowledge and Providence
Authors: Frigerio Aldro , De Florio Ciro
Published: November 2020

In this paper, we aim to examine the relationships between four solutions to the dilemma of divine foreknowledge and human freedom—theological determinism, Molinism, simple foreknowledge and open theism—and divine providence and theodicy. Some of these solutions—theological determinism and Molinism, in particular—highlight God’s government of the world.  Some others—simple foreknowledge and open theism—highlight human autonomy and freedom. In general, the more libertarian human freedom is highlighted, the less God’s government of the history of the world seems possible. However, the task of theodicy becomes easier because humans are fully responsible for the evil they do. Conversely, the more God’s government is highlighted, the more human freedom seems to be restricted. Moreover, God seems to be directly or indirectly responsible for evil in the world. Because of the trade–off between control and freedom, each solution finds itself at ease with some problems, while on other fronts, it must adopt a defensive position. As we will see, no solution can solve all problems; thus, the pros and cons of each solution should be weighed carefully.
Open Standards used in Oceanography Research Spatial Data Repositories in Spain
Authors: Wulff Enrique
Published: November 2020

Spatial data repositories specialised in geographic information systems (GIS) are an extension of map libraries and archives where much of the increase in use and citation for its geo-spatial data comes from making them available through Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) web services. In this paper, resource needs and teaching perspectives of these open standards will be described and explained as they have become a domain of application in spatial data repositories and, marine data literacy. The research is based on checking ocean research data rules and contexts in Spain within the European obligations as defined by the EU directive INSPIRE. On that premise, Spanish spatial data infrastructures (SDI) are shown integrating OGC Web Services (OWS) with repositories for ocean observation data, a typical kind of big data. The study revealed that the broad European support to the big data open standards (OGC) implementation in the oceanographic community, is conducted with a model suitable for library management systems. However, Spanish participation in European ocean data spaces is limited and a likely explanation is that this question has not been discussed for about a decade. These findings strengthen the links between spatial data repositories and OGC standards, to identify requirements for interoperability work.
Fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) Extract Inhibits Proliferation and Migration of 4T1 Metastatic Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Nurrachma Marsya Yonna , Maran Gergorius Gena , Putri Nindya Budiana , Esti Yuni Fajar , Hermawan Adam , Meiyanto Edy , Jenie Riris Istighfari
Published: November 2020

Fingerroot (Boesenbergia pandurata) is an Indonesian herb, with anti-proliferation and anti-migratory effects against several cancer cells. This study aims to investigate the anticancer property of Fingerroot Extract (FE) in combination with doxorubicin (Dox) against 4T1, a metastatic breast cancer cell lines. FE was prepared by 96% ethanol maceration and characterized by thin-layer chromatography analysis. FE was subjected to a cytotoxicity test with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay alone or in combination with 10 nM Dox against 4T1 cells. Cytotoxic effect was then confirmed by measure reactive oxygen species (ROS) intracellular level using 2’,7’-dichloroflourescin diacetate (DCFDA)-staining flow cytometry-based assay. The anti-migratory effect was observed using scratch wound healing assay and gelatin zymography to investigate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression. FE showed a cytotoxic effect with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value of 25.5±3.9 μg/mL and performed an improved effect in combination with 10 nM Dox. A single treatment of FE decreased ROS intracellular level, while in combination with Dox, FE increased the ROS intracellular level. Further, at 42 h observation, FE and its combination with Dox inhibited the migration of 4T1 cells with % closure of 82.6 and 82.5, respectively, correlates with a significant decrease of MMP-9 expression. Overall, FE performs a cytotoxic activity and anti-migration activity on 4T1 breast cancer cells.Keywords: Boesenbergia pandurata, cytotoxic, ROS, anti-migration, 4T1
The Chemopreventive Potential of Diosmin and Hesperidin for COVID-19 and Its Comorbid Diseases
Authors: Utomo Rohmad Yudi , Ikawati Muthi' , Putri Dyaningtyas Dewi Pamungkas , Salsabila Irfani Aura , Meiyanto Edy
Published: November 2020

The COVID-19 becomes worse with the existence of comorbid diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndromes, inflammation, degenerative diseases, as well as cancer. Therefore, a comprehension approach is needed to combat such comorbid conditions, not only focusing on the virus infection and replication but also directed to prevent the raising comorbid symptoms. This study analyzed the potential natural compounds, especially diosmin and hesperidin, as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 and chemopreventive agent against several COVID-19 comorbid diseases by using an in-silico method. Diosmin and hesperidin together with other natural compounds and existing viral drugs (lopinavir, nafamostat, and comastat) were docked into several proteins involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection and replication namely SARS-CoV-2 protease (PDB:6LU7), spike glycoprotein-RBD (PDB:6LXT), TMPRSS2, and PD-ACE2 (PDB:6VW1) using MOE software. The interaction properties were determined under docking score values. The result exhibited that diosmin and hesperidin performed superior interaction with all the four proteins compared to the other compounds, including the existing drugs. Moreover, under literature study, diosmin and hesperidin also elicit good chemopreventive properties against cardiovascular disorder, lung and kidney degeneration, as well as cancer development. In conclusion, diosmin and hesperidin possess high opportunity to be used for the COVID-19 and its the comorbid diseases as chemopreventive agents.Keywords: chemoprevention, COVID-19, diosmin, hesperidin, SARS-CoV-2 infection
Mission (im)possible: developing students’ international online business communication skills through virtual teamwork
Authors: Koris Rita , Vuylsteke Jean-François
Published: November 2020

This case study outlines an example of cooperative online learning for teaching business communication skills at a Hungarian and a Belgian university. During this eight week long Erasmus+ Virtual Exchange (E+VE) project, students collaborated online in virtual teams on a weekly basis to complete the following main missions: (1) giving constructive feedback; (2) creating an elevator pitch; (3) promoting themselves by creating a digital CV; (4) preparing for a job interview; and (5) participating in a real online job interview with a professional recruiter. Not only does this case study describe the planning, design, and implementation of the project from a pedagogical perspective, but it also details its challenges and outcomes.
System kształcenia i doskonalenia nauczycieli w Singapurze. Między utopijną wizją a rzeczywistością
Authors: Kwiatkowski Stefan T. , Nowosad Inetta
Published: November 2020

Starting from the concept of utopia, the article focuses itself on the analysis of teacher education and professional development system that has evolved in Singapore over the last few decades. On the wider background of this particular model’s elements, a description of the institutions responsible for teacher continuing education, established to prepare them to the fundamental task they are meant to perform in the modern knowledge society, has been provided.
Technologia jest wszędzie – aktywizacja ucznia podczas lekcji wychowania fizycznego z wykorzystaniem różnorodnych rozwiązań TIK
Authors: Hirsh Alon
Published: November 2020

Technology in education is defined as one that achieves a practical purpose and that can assist teachers in motivating students. In the past, instructional technology consisted of mainly visual instruction, made up of pictures, films, graphs, charts, and other visual aids. By 1985, the Internet was already well established as a technology supporting a broad community of researchers and developers. Today’s children are known as the “iGeneration” due to their advanced technology skills and use. It is estimated that teenagers spend from 15 up to 20 hours each day “multitasking”, i.e. using different forms of ICT tools. The use of technology devices turned to be an integral part of sporting performance analysis, allowing coaches and teachers to understand the physical demands on team sport athletes. The advances in ICT in the 21st century involves children that are naturally growing in areas of higher levels access to information. Nowadays, a collection of ICT tools such as pedometers, smartphones, tablets (applications), virtual reality simulators, heart rate monitors, and others, are being used in physical education to enhance engagement, pedagogy and performance. It is critical for children to adapt their capacity to acquire knowledge and develop their skills through technology usage. If theseICT tools are used properly in PE classes, they have the potential to impact teachers’ teaching practice and, consequently, student learning. Teachers should possess the skills and behaviors of digital-age professionals, particularly in physical education. Technology usage would be beneficial for increasing physical activity, improving dietary choices and encouraging other health-related behaviors.
Dynamika zmian w obszarze pracy a rozwój studiów karierowych
Authors: Solarczyk-Ambrozik Ewa
Published: November 2020

The widely accepted definition which relates a career to an individual’s experience acquired during work, places it in the social space and in a specific time. The contextual and individual perspective provides an insight into the interrelationships between individual agency and the limiting or stimulating aspects of the social context. In career studies, it is emphasized that the concept of a career should be related to the category of work, because career is one of the key concepts used in Western societies of the twentieth century to describe the history of work understood as employment, despite the fact that new career theories go beyond this area of reference. The article discusses the development of career studies that reflect the transformation of the work environment. Attention is paid to the dynamic transformations in this environment are a background to changing career patterns and the relevant studies. The genealogical roots of contemporary career theories are shown, with special emphasis ontheir transdisciplinary nature. The article moreover focuses on problem areas inspired by the 1970s, which proved catalytic for modern career studies. The article concludes with reflections on the extent to which changes occurring in the area of work, and in particular experiencing discontinuities, pose a challenge to the fundamental principles and standards on which the theories, research and practices in the field of careers are based.
Film jako medium edukacyjne
Authors: Jakubowski Witold
Published: November 2020

Traditional thinking about applying films in educational activities was based on treating them as “didactic vehicles”. Thanks to that approach, it was possible to “smuggle” desirable values, create attitudes or to model pro-social behavior among students. That approach of using art as an education tool (not only films but other forms of art, too) should be understood and associated with the dominance of a communication model in education that is seen through the prism of three basic elements: sender – medium – recipient. Such a view neglects the recipient’s activity in constructing the sense of the work, assuming that the recipient has to “read and acquire” what the sender has offered him. The article, by referring not only to theoretical pedagogical positions, but also to media studies, film studies and cultural studies, considers the possibility of pedagogical application of film from the hermeneutic perspective.
Przemoc w wychowaniu… w polskim wydaniu. Postawy rodziców wobec kar cielesnych
Authors: Jarosz Ewa
Published: November 2020

The worldwide discourse on the problem of corporal punishment presents the discussion and results of research that gives the evidence of serious harm that CP does. In this light the need of intensive efforts to eliminate corporal punishment as the most frequent form of violence against children is strongly emphasized in the last years. Among different activities dedicated to stop the problem research on various indicators correlated with the use of corporal punishment are recommended. One of them is social acceptance of violent behaviors in relationship with a child. Due to this recommendations also in Poland proper research has been done in order to get a diagnosis of social attitudes towards corporal punishment. This paper presents some results of the research of the year 2017 commissioned by the Ombudsman for Children, which was the 7th edition of the monitoring of social attitudes on violence in upbringing that has been continued since 2011. The below presentations focuses on results of parents as a group of the general population. Additionally parents were asked also about their own behaviors towards their children, as an attempt not to assess directly the range of the use of corporal punishment by them but to get the picture of the another face of their attitudes toward the problem. In the face of the results it can be said that the picture of parents’ approval of violence in upbringing must be regarded as problematic and needing determined interventions. The most problematic is the level of the acceptance of these behaviors, which often are not clearly named in a public space as violence like spanking. The level of the approval of violence toward children among Polish parents should beregarded as a negative context of child well-being in Poland which definitely conduces to the existence of violent behaviors in everyday rising practices and the harm experienced by children.
Diagnoza: pojęcie, cechy diagnostyczne i zastosowania w badaniach edukacyjnych
Authors: Banaszak Sławomir
Published: November 2020

The classic understanding of diagnosis is connected with the practical activity, mainly in medicine. Currently, however, diagnostics have a much wider meaning. It covers not only natural science but also technical sciences. Social sciences, in turn, included diagnosis in the typology of empirical research, mainly about a practical goal, but more and more often also cognitive. The problems of assessment within diagnosis processes, type of social research and the diagnosis as the stage of any research in social sciences are revealed by the author. The paper ends with the emphasizing of diagnosis features and its educational applications in modern research plans.