bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turbulent Kinetic Energy Distribution around Experimental Permeable Spur Dike
Authors: Yu Tao , Yun Baoge , Wang Pingyi , Han Linfeng
Published: May 2022

The spur dike is widely used in the waterway renovation project in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River as a remediation structure, but its water destruction is very common, and the influence of the permeable characteristics of the riprap spur dike on its stability has been neglected in many studies. Through the method of combining a generalized flume test and theoretical analysis, the influence of the submerged degree of the permeable spur dike, the porosity of the spur dike body, and the size of the void on its nearby turbulent kinetic energy is studied. The results show that the turbulent kinetic energy in the front of the spur dike increases with the increase of the submerged degree, decreases with the increase of the porosity, and first increases and then decreases with the increase of the pore size. At the axis of the dike, the turbulent kinetic energy increases with the increase of the submerged degree, decreases first and then increases with the increase of the porosity, and increases with the increase of the pore size. In the rear area of the dike, the turbulent kinetic energy decreases with the increase of the submerged degree, firstly decreases and then increases with the increase of the porosity, and first increases and then decreases with the increase of the pore size. The research results are of great significance to further understanding the water dike age of a permeable spur dike, and can provide scientific guidance for the design and restoration of spur dikes.
Sustainability and Resilience of Indigenous Siberian Communities under the Impact of Transportation Infrastructure Transformation
Authors: Kuklina Maria , Savvinova Antonina , Filippova Viktoria , Krasnoshtanova Natalia , Bogdanov Viktor , Fedorova Alla , Kobylkin Dmitrii , Trufanov Andrey , Dashdorj Zolzaya
Published: May 2022

Transport provision in remote territories is one of the most important factors in maintaining the sustainability of socio-economic and ecological systems. Indigenous peoples of Siberia have always been mobile using diverse traditional ways across the taiga. During the Soviet period, the transition to settled life, along with technological development and the emergence of new modes of transport, such as off-road cars, snowmobiles, and motor boats, significantly affected the level of population mobility, including remote areas where people are engaged in traditional nature management. With the collapse of the Soviet Union, there were significant changes and reductions in the subsidies of transportation systems for remote terrains that made them isolated. Transport connectivity has been realized through rare plane flights (once a month or less) or by cars on dirt roads (actually off-road) that take several days of travel. Siberian territories rich with natural resources, low population density, and weak infrastructure might be attractive for mining companies. Being difficult to access not only for the local population, but also for industrial companies, the territories imply the allocation of a significant share of road construction and transport costs in the cost items of miners and processors. The problems of sustainability and resilience of the indigenous peoples of Siberia require special attention when restructuring transport communications, but they have practically not been studied before. Methods of in-depth and group interviews with local residents were used. Based on comparative geographic and statistical analysis and generalization of data, network and problem approaches applied for various sources and field materials (including in-depth and group interviews), the factors of sustainability and resilience, which the indigenous communities of three remote Siberian territories pin their hopes on in the context of the transformation of transportation infrastructure, have been identified. If geographic remoteness remains an unchanged fact, the expansion of desired transport accessibility (mainly due to investments by industrial companies) is associated by locals with the possibility of additional income related to provision of services, the emergence of new types of employment of the population that have not been observed before, and the implementation of new transport modes to support traditional activities.
The Response of Cd Chemical Fractions to Moisture Conditions and Incubation Time in Arable Land Soil
Authors: Lu Nan , Wei Yang , Zhang Zhaoxin , Li Yan , Li Gang , Han Jichang
Published: May 2022

Heavy metal pollution in soils is an issue of global concern, and many scholars have focused on Cadmium (Cd) because of its strong biological migration and toxicity. This study explored arable land soil, changes in external Cd contamination processes and its response to soil moisture conditions, and indoor simulation. After adding an external source of 5 mg/kg d.w., the distribution of soil Cd fractions content, EXC-Cd, CAB-Cd, FMO-Cd, OM-Cd, and RES-Cd, were continuously monitored under different water management regimes, and correlation analysis and regression equations were calculated. The results show that after external Cd entered arable land soils, the binging strength of pollutants and soil gradually increased with incubation time, and the distribution of Cd chemical forms was more stable under different water management regimes. The oversaturated water content promotes the transformation of EXC-Cd to other forms. The transformation of CAB-Cd fractions can be accelerated to other fractions by field capacity, and the active conversion period was 30–60 d. Not all Cd fractions correlated between each other, under the four water management regimes, but it seems that the reducibility of the soil environment was more conducive to external Cd fixation and stability. The response surface design method (RSM) was used to establish quantitative regimes between Cd fractions with incubation time and soil moisture, and the soil moisture content and incubation time had an obvious effect on FMO-Cd content, with R2 = 0.9542.
Prediction of Sludge Volume Index in a Wastewater Treatment Plant Using Recurrent Neural Network
Authors: Wongburi Praewa , Park Jae K.
Published: May 2022

Sludge Volume Index (SVI) is one of the most important operational parameters in an activated sludge process. It is difficult to predict SVI because of the nonlinearity of data and variability operation conditions. With complex time-series data from Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTPs), the Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) with an Explainable Artificial Intelligence was applied to predict SVI and interpret the prediction result. RNN architecture has been proven to efficiently handle time-series and non-uniformity data. Moreover, due to the complexity of the model, the newly Explainable Artificial Intelligence concept was used to interpret the result. Data were collected from the Nine Springs Wastewater Treatment Plant, Madison, Wisconsin, and the data were analyzed and cleaned using Python program and data analytics approaches. An RNN model predicted SVI accurately after training with historical big data collected at the Nine Spring WWTP. The Explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) analysis was able to determine which input parameters affected higher SVI most. The prediction of SVI will benefit WWTPs to establish corrective measures to maintaining stable SVI. The SVI prediction model and Explainable Artificial Intelligence method will help the wastewater treatment sector to improve operational performance, system management, and process reliability.
Homogeneity or Heterogeneity: An Institutional Theory View on Circular Economy Practices in the Outdoor Sporting Goods Industry
Authors: Fuchs Michael , Hovemann Gregor
Published: May 2022

The concept of a circular economy (CE) has recently gained attention within the field of corporate sustainability, including the textile sector. Although CE-related literature often mentions actors from the outdoor sporting goods industry (OSGI) as forerunners, an analysis of their CE implementation is missing. Thus, in this paper, we attempt to identify the structure of the current state of CE activities in this field. To develop the study, we used a qualitative methodology through content analysis of documents as well as expert interviews, taking an institutional theory (IT) view to support that analysis. Our findings indicate that many outdoor brands and retailers are engaged in practices related to the CE and that homogeneity among these practices varies between moderate to high. Thus, we assume that processes of institutional isomorphism are in place and that there will be increasingly uniform CE practices in the OSGI in the future. Our study not only contributes to a more organised understanding of the diverse CE playing field, as it adds an industry-specific perspective to the literature, but it also helps managers to draw practical implications.
Hybrid Architecture Based System for the Establishment of Sustainable Environment in a Construction Site with 433 MHz LoRa and 2.4 GHz Zigbee
Authors: Kumar Gangishetty Arun , Roy Ajay , Singh Rajesh , Gehlot Anita , Rashid Mamoon , Akram Shaik Vaseem , Alshamrani Sultan S. , Alshehri Abdullah , AlGhamdi Ahmed Saeed
Published: May 2022

The rapid development of technology has empowered us to achieve resilient infrastructure to establish a sustainable ecosystem. The construction site is one of the highest risk jobs for accident-related fatalities and injuries globally. From the previous studies, it is concluded that untrained or inexperienced workers were responsible for 40% of work-related accidents and the Health and Safety Executive (HSE) report concludes that inadequate working experience, knowledge, and safety awareness were the key causes of fatal accidents in the construction industry. Moreover, it is identified from previous studies that digital technology such as IoT with the assistance of wireless sensors can enhance the safety of construction sites. Based on this advantage, this study has implemented the hybrid architecture with the integration of the 2.4 GHz Zigbee, 433 MHz long-range (LoRa), and Wi-Fi communication protocol to monitor the health status of workers and construction sites and also to identify workers’ equipment wearing status in real-time scenarios. The proposed architecture is realized by implementing customized hardware, based on 2.4 GHz Zigbee, 433 MHz long-range (LoRa), and Wi-Fi. Furthermore, in the analysis of the evaluation metrics of LoRa, it is concluded that the lowest sensitivity is observed for SF 12 at BW 41.7 kHz and the highest is observed for SF 7 at BW 500 kHz; the maximum value data rate is observed at BW 500 kHz at CR 1 for SF 7, and the minimum data rate is observed at BW 41.7 at CR 4 for SF 12. In the future, the customized hardware will be implemented in different construction environments resolving possible challenges that empower to implementation of the proposed architecture in wide extensions.
Environmental Impacts of Organic and Biodynamic Wine Produced in Northeast Italy
Authors: Masotti Paola , Zattera Andrea , Malagoli Mario , Bogoni Paolo
Published: May 2022

Increasing awareness of sustainability in the agri-food sector is leading to a gradual transition toward lower-impact farming systems, such as organic and biodynamic farming. The environmental performance of organic wines has largely been compared to that of conventional wines, and few researchers have investigated the differences between organic and biodynamic wine production from an environmental point of view. Therefore, in this study, the environmental profiles of two organic and two biodynamic wines produced in two areas in Northeast Italy were assessed by performing a “cradle-to-gate” analysis according to the life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. Results were used both to compare organic and biodynamic vitiviniculture and to draw overall conclusions on the environmental performance of each of the analyzed wines in order to identify environmental hotspots and provide recommendations to stakeholders. Production of the glass bottles was identified as the main source of environmental burden in all four systems, followed either by the production and use of fertilizers and pesticides, or the use of agricultural machinery. Results also showed that biodynamic wines seem to be responsible for lesser environmental impacts than organic ones.
Multi-Technology Driven R&D Cost Improvement Scheme and Application Utility of EESP in Energy-Intensive Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Qian Fangyuan , Niu Shuiye , Xi Yujuan
Published: May 2022

Facing the sustainable use of electric power resources, many countries in the world focus on the R&D investment and application of electrochemical energy storage projects (i.e., EESP). However, the high R&D cost of EESP has been hindering large-scale industrial promotion in the energy-intensive manufacturing industry represented by the tobacco industry. Reducing and controlling the R&D cost has become an urgent problem to be solved. In this context, this paper innovatively proposes a multi-technology driven R&D cost improvement scheme, which integrates WBS (i.e., Work Breakdown Structure), EVM (i.e., Earned Value Method), BD (i.e., Big Data), and ML (i.e., Machine Learning) methods. Especially, the influence of R&D cost improvement on EESP application performance is discussed through mathematical model analysis. The research indicates that reducing EESP R&D costs can significantly improve the stability of EESP power supply, and ultimately improve the application value of EESP in energy-intensive manufacturing industries. The R&D cost management scheme and technical method proposed in this paper have important theoretical guiding values and practical significance for accelerating the large-scale application of EESP.
Economic, Functional, and Social Factors Influencing Electric Vehicles’ Adoption: An Empirical Study Based on the Diffusion of Innovation Theory
Authors: Xia Zhengwei , Wu Dongming , Zhang Langlang
Published: May 2022

Although electric vehicles (EVs) have been heavily promoted as an effective solution to sustainable problems such as environmental pollution and resource constraints, the market penetration of EVs remains below expectations. By viewing EVs as innovative products that are different from traditional fuel vehicles, this study proposes a research model based on the diffusion of innovation theory, in which a series of factors influencing the adoption of EVs are identified. We collected 375 valid responses through an offline survey, and the structural equation modeling technique was used to empirically test the proposed model. The empirical results indicate that consumer adoption of EVs can be effectively predicted by three important innovation characteristics, namely perceived compatibility, perceived complexity, and perceived relative advantage. Furthermore, the results also suggest that factors in the economic aspect (monetary subsidy and risk of a price reduction), functional aspect (intelligent function and risk of sustainability), and social aspect (status symbol and risk of reputation), exert significant impacts on the adoption of EVs by influencing consumers’ perceptions of innovation characteristics. Theoretically, this study contributes to the literature by providing an appropriate theoretical perspective for understanding consumer adoption of EVs and identifying numerous significant antecedents of such behavior. Practically, the findings of this study can be applied to promote the market penetration of EVs.
Changes in the Platycodin Content and Physiological Characteristics during the Fruiting Stage of Platycodon grandiflorum under Drought Stress
Authors: Li Min , Zhang Meng , Cheng Lin , Yang Limin , Han Mei
Published: May 2022

Medicinal plants are affected by drought stress, mainly reflected in the growth process and secondary metabolite synthesis. Platycodon grandiflorum (Jacq.) A. DC. is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine. The yield of Platycodon grandiflorum cannot meet the market demand, while its yield and quality are limited by the plant growth conditions. We assessed relevant indicators of growth during the fruiting stage of Platycodon grandiflorum under drought stress. The results showed that the fresh root weight (FW), photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were significantly reduced after withholding water (AW), but total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) activities and the contents of soluble protein (SP), proline (PRO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were significantly increased. The contents of platycodin D (PD) and platycodin D3 (PD3) did not change obviously after withholding water (AW), but in the autumn period, the values increased by 8.95% and 11.67%, respectively. The content of total platycodin increased significantly under drought stress, during the after rewatering (AR) and in the autumn period. The different physiological stress indicators exhibited strong correlations, had synergistic effects of mutual promotion and restriction, and responded to changes in the soil water content. These results suggest that during the fruiting stage, Platycodon grandiflorum encounters drought stress and may resist oxidative damage by increasing protective enzyme activity and osmoregulatory materials to ensure normal plant growth. According to the effect of drought stress on dry weight, the yield of Platycodon grandiflorum was not affected by drought stress, but the total platycodin content in Platycodon grandiflorum roots increased significantly. Therefore, in agricultural production, short-term drought stress should be conducted in the fruiting stage of Platycodon grandiflorum, which can both guarantee the yield and improve the quality of medicinal materials.
Calculating Economic Flood Damage through Microscale Risk Maps and Data Generalization: A Pilot Study in Southern Italy
Authors: Festa Gianna Ida , Guerriero Luigi , Focareta Mariano , Meoli Giuseppe , Revellino Silvana , Guadagno Francesco Maria , Revellino Paola
Published: May 2022

In recent decades, floods have caused significant loss of human life as well as interruptions in economic and social activities in affected areas. In order to identify effective flood mitigation measures and to suggest actions to be taken before and during flooding, microscale risk estimation methods are increasingly applied. In this context, an implemented methodology for microscale flood risk evaluation is presented, which considers direct and tangible damage as a function of hydrometric height and allows for quick estimates of the damage level caused by alluvial events. The method has been applied and tested on businesses and residential buildings of the town of Benevento (southern Italy), which has been hit by destructive floods several times in the past; the most recent flooding occurred in October 2015. The simplified methodology tries to overcome the limitation of the original method—the huge amounts of input data—by applying a simplified procedure in defining the data of the physical features of buildings (e.g., the number of floors, typology, and presence of a basement). Data collection for each building feature was initially carried out through careful field surveys (FAM, field analysis method) and subsequently obtained through generalization of data (DGM, data generalization method). The basic method (FAM) allows for estimating in great detail the potential losses for representative building categories in an urban context and involves a higher degree of resolution, but it is time-consuming; the simplified method (DGM) produces a damage value in a shorter time. By comparison, the two criteria show very similar results and minimal differences, making generalized data acquisition most efficient.
Reducing the Environmental Impact of Clothing: An Exploration of the Potential of Alternative Business Models
Authors: Gray Sarah , Druckman Angela , Sadhukhan Jhuma , James Keith
Published: May 2022

Business models providing used clothing to consumers have the potential to increase the use of each garment and thereby reduce pressure on raw materials and primary production. This research used in-depth interviews complemented by a literature review to improve the understanding of the business models and the ways in which they can impact the environment. In total, the interviews were carried out with seven business owners and six experts in clothing sustainability, product lifespan extension, and circular business models. Examples of business models of interest include businesses selling secondhand clothes and businesses renting clothes to customers. A typology of business models is used to understand how each model impacts the environment and to highlight the factors that contribute most to the impacts that need to be managed. Business models vary in how they impact the environment, through differences in the way they manage transport, storage, and cleaning. Business models also vary in how successfully they reduce the environmental impacts from the production of new garments by increasing the number of times different wearers wear a garment and reducing the need to buy new garments. This effect is referred to as displacement, and the displacement rate provides an indication of the efficiency of reuse models in reducing total volumes of throughput. Indeed, some new business models may not have reduced throughput as a goal at all, and appraisal of this is crucial to understanding the environmental impacts of the various models.
Do FDI Inflows and ICT Affect Economic Growth? An Evidence from Arab Countries
Authors: Belloumi Mounir , Touati Kamel
Published: May 2022

This article aims to examine the dynamic relationships between foreign direct investment inflows, information and communication technologies, and economic growth in a sample of 15 Arab countries over the period 1995–2019 by employing a panel ARDL approach. The results of estimation of the panel ARDL model reveal that ICT and FDI have positive and significant effects on economic growth in the long run, and ICT indicators have also positive impact on FDI inflows in the long run in the selected sample of Arab countries. From an empirical point of view, this study may have an important contribution. Its findings could be very interesting for better future management of ICT in Arab countries. Therefore, the Arab countries should further improve information and communication technology as an important infrastructure for receiving more foreign direct investment inflows and for better economic growth.
Review of Management Comprehensiveness on Occupational Health and Safety for PPP Transportation Projects
Authors: Dimitriou Dimitrios , Papakostas Konstantinos
Published: May 2022

Sustainability of large transport infrastructure projects is directly linked with the working conditions and procedures in construction and maintenance. Furthermore, safety is one of the most crucial performance indicators for transport infrastructure operators, dealing with management priorities, policies and measures closely related to Occupational Health and Safety (OHS). This issue is extremely important especially for public private partnerships (PPP), extensively adopted in transport sector in many regions, where detailed contacts and OHS provisions should be considered. By a systemic analysis, this research identifies the key management factors influence safety performance in the PPP/concession projects and the management comprehensives over those factors. The survey analysis framework for the evaluation of OHS management performance for large transport operators are breakdown, promoting the structure and the expected outcomes toward sustainable management of transport infrastructure. The application is the Greek motorways concessions projects that implemented in the last decade. The research outputs provide key messages to planners, managers, decision makers, and stakeholders over large transport infrastructure sustainable development, promoting OHS performance aspects should be taken into consideration in operation management contacts and highlighting the link between OHS, level of safety, and sustainability. The case study structure and outputs are valuable for comparisons with similar cases, provide the framework for using in other places and/or cases and stimulate the interest for further research.
Analysis of the Relationships among Financial Development, Economic Growth, Energy Use, and Carbon Emissions by Co-Integration with Multiple Structural Breaks
Authors: Geyikci Umut Burak , Çınar Serkan , Sancak Fatih Mehmet
Published: May 2022

In this study, the effects of financial and economic development on energy consumption and CO2 emissions are analyzed using multiple structural breaks, second-generation panel unit root tests, the Westerlund Cointegration Test, and PMG and MG estimators. Unlike classical studies, financial development is included, in the analysis, as an indicator of the accumulated capital as a result of industrial production that has been realized for many years. We conducted a panel data analysis on 13 developing countries for which we could obtain uninterrupted data in the Morgan Stanley Developing Countries index. We found significant relationships between economic growth, energy usage, and CO2 emissions. Financial development and carbon emissions are cointegrated in the long-term, and financial development is found to accelerate environmental pollution. Therefore, energy economists should consider the effect of financial development on energy use and carbon emissions in future studies. Policy-makers in emerging markets are also advised to take necessary actions to reduce carbon emissions while increasing financial development. It is important that the same results were obtained in medium- and small-scale countries, as well as in large economies (e.g., China) under the scope of this review.
Assessment of the Impact of Using a Smart Thermostat and Smart Meter Data on a Whole-Building Energy Simulation
Authors: Oh Sukjoon , Baltazar Juan-Carlos , Haberl Jeff S.
Published: May 2022

Building energy simulation models have been used to assist the design and/or optimization of buildings energy performance. The results from building energy simulation models can be more reliable when measured energy use data, indoor environmental condition data, system operation status, and coincident weather data are used to validate the simulation results. In this paper, given the wide-spread use of home automation devices in residential buildings, we studied how well a residential building energy simulation model can be tuned using measured interval data from a smart thermostat and smart meter. The analysis is based on a multi-stage approach that can help improve the reliability of the use of building energy simulation models that reflect both the indoor air temperature and whole-building energy use. Results from changing the input parameters in the building simulation show that the comparison of the simulated and measured indoor temperatures fall in a range below a NMBE of 1.5% and a CV-RMSE of 2.2%, while the simulated whole-building energy use matches the measured energy use below a NMBE of −2.7% and a CV-RMSE of 10.9%. We found that the most significant parameters for the indoor air temperature and whole-building energy use were the effective U-value for the slab-on-grade floor and the heating and cooling system operation status, respectively.
Petri-Net-Based Scheduling of Flexible Manufacturing Systems Using an Estimate Function
Authors: Xu Gongdan , Chen Yufeng
Published: May 2022

In this paper, a novel admissible estimate function is proposed to schedule flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) by using heuristic search. The FMSs to be scheduled are modeled by P-timed Petri nets. The problem is to make the system evolve from the initial marking to a given final marking by firing a sequence of transitions. The structure of jobs in an FMS is always symmetrical to utilize the shared resources, but the processing time of each job is asymmetrical to reduce the global process time. By utilizing the structural symmetry of a Petri net model of an FMS, a partial reachability graph is generated such that the notorious state explosion problem is mitigated. For each generated marking, the proposed estimate function is used to provide an estimated cost for firing the transition sequence. Then, we can select the marking with the smallest cost from the generated markings and compute its successors. This process is continued until the system reaches the final marking. With the proposed method, the performance is evaluated in terms of the cost of the obtained transition firing sequence and the number of the expanded markings. The cost provided by the proposed estimate function is closer to the optimal cost than the previous work, i.e., the proposed method can find a transition firing sequence with less expanded markings and minimal process time from a marking to the final marking. Experimental results are used to demonstrate and evaluate the proposed approach.
Fitting Non-Parametric Mixture of Regressions: Introducing an EM-Type Algorithm to Address the Label-Switching Problem
Authors: Skhosana Sphiwe B. , Kanfer Frans H. J. , Millard Salomon M.
Published: May 2022

The non-parametric Gaussian mixture of regressions (NPGMRs) model serves as a flexible approach for the determination of latent heterogeneous regression relationships. This model assumes that the component means, variances and mixing proportions are smooth unknown functions of the covariates where the error distribution of each component is assumed to be Gaussian and hence symmetric. These functions are estimated over a set of grid points using the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to maximise the local-likelihood functions. However, maximizing each local-likelihood function separately does not guarantee that the local responsibilities and corresponding labels, obtained at the E-step of the EM algorithm, align at each grid point leading to a label-switching problem. This results in non-smooth estimated component regression functions. In this paper, we propose an estimation procedure to account for label switching by tracking the roughness of the estimated component regression functions. We use the local responsibilities to obtain a global estimate of the responsibilities which are then used to maximize each local-likelihood function. The performance of the proposed procedure is demonstrated using a simulation study and through an application using real world data. In the case of well-separated mixture regression components, the procedure gives similar results to competitive methods. However, in the case of poorly separated mixture regression components, the procedure outperforms competitive methods.
Climate Anomalies and Spillover of Bat-Borne Viral Diseases in the Asia–Pacific Region and the Arabian Peninsula
Authors: Latinne Alice , Morand Serge
Published: May 2022

Climate variability and anomalies are known drivers of the emergence and outbreaks of infectious diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential association between climate factors and anomalies, including El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and land surface temperature anomalies, as well as the emergence and spillover events of bat-borne viral diseases in humans and livestock in the Asia–Pacific region and the Arabian Peninsula. Our findings from time series analyses, logistic regression models, and structural equation modelling revealed that the spillover patterns of the Nipah virus in Bangladesh and the Hendra virus in Australia were differently impacted by climate variability and with different time lags. We also used event coincidence analysis to show that the emergence events of most bat-borne viral diseases in the Asia–Pacific region and the Arabian Peninsula were statistically associated with ENSO climate anomalies. Spillover patterns of the Nipah virus in Bangladesh and the Hendra virus in Australia were also significantly associated with these events, although the pattern and co-influence of other climate factors differed. Our results suggest that climate factors and anomalies may create opportunities for virus spillover from bats to livestock and humans. Ongoing climate change and the future intensification of El Niño events will therefore potentially increase the emergence and spillover of bat-borne viral diseases in the Asia–Pacific region and the Arabian Peninsula.
A Therapeutically Active Minibody Exhibits an Antiviral Activity in Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza-Infected Mice via Direct Hydrolysis of Viral RNAs
Authors: Lee Yongjun , Hoang Phuong , Kim Dongjun , Ayun Ramadhani , Luong Quynh , Na Kyungho , Kim Taehyun , Oh Yeonsu , Kim Won-Keun , Lee Sukchan
Published: May 2022

Emerging Oseltamivir-resistant influenza strains pose a critical public health threat due to antigenic shifts and drifts. We report an innovative strategy for controlling influenza A infections by use of a novel minibody of the 3D8 single chain variable fragment (scFv) showing intrinsic viral RNA hydrolyzing activity, cell penetration activity, and epidermal cell penetration ability. In this study, we examined 3D8 scFv’s antiviral activity in vitro on three different H1N1 influenza strains, one Oseltamivir-resistant (A/Korea/2785/2009pdm) strain, and two Oseltamivir-sensitive (A/PuertoRico/8/1934 and A/X-31) strains. Interestingly, the 3D8 scFv directly digested viral RNAs in the ribonucleoprotein complex. scFv’s reduction of influenza viral RNA including viral genomic RNA, complementary RNA, and messenger RNA during influenza A infection cycles indicated that this minibody targets all types of viral RNAs during the early, intermediate, and late stages of the virus’s life cycle. Moreover, we further addressed the antiviral effects of 3D8 scFv to investigate in vivo clinical outcomes of influenza-infected mice. Using both prophylactic and therapeutic treatments of intranasal administered 3D8 scFv, we found that Oseltamivir-resistant H1N1-infected mice showed 90% (prophylactic effects) and 40% (therapeutic effects) increased survival rates, respectively, compared to the control group. The pathological signs of influenza A in the lung tissues, and quantitative analyses of the virus proliferations supported the antiviral activity of the 3D8 single chain variable fragment. Taken together, these results demonstrate that 3D8 scFv has antiviral therapeutic potentials against a wide range of influenza A viruses via the direct viral RNA hydrolyzing activity.
Current and Future Molecular Diagnostics of Tick-Borne Diseases in Cattle
Authors: Garcia Kathryn , Weakley Mina , Do Tram , Mir Sheema
Published: May 2022

Ticks and tick-borne diseases such as babesiosis, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, Lyme disease, Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Rocky Mountain spotted fever pose a significant threat to animal and human health. Tick-borne diseases cause billions of dollars of losses to livestock farmers annually. These losses are partially attributed to the lack of sensitive, robust, cost effective and efficient diagnostic approaches that could detect the infectious pathogen at the early stages of illness. The modern nucleic acid-based multiplex diagnostic approaches have been developed in human medicine but are still absent in veterinary medicine. These powerful assays can screen 384 patient samples at one time, simultaneously detect numerous infectious pathogens in each test sample and provide the diagnostic answer in a few hours. Development, commercialization, and wide use of such high throughput multiplex molecular assays in the cattle tick-borne disease surveillance will help in early detection and control of infectious pathogens in the animal reservoir before community spread and spillover to humans. Such approaches in veterinary medicine will save animal life, prevent billions of dollars of economic loss to cattle herders and reduce unwanted stress to both human and animal health care systems. This literature review provides recent updates on molecular diagnostics of tick-borne pathogens and discusses the importance of modern nucleic acid high throughput multiplex diagnostic approaches in the prevention of tick-borne infection to livestock.
Alert Judgment: Ford's Entrepreneurial Five Dollar Day
Authors: Smith Nathaniel
Published: May 2022

This paper provides evidence for the explanatory power of the theory of entrepreneurship through analysis of one of the most widely publicized acts of American entrepreneurship: Ford’s five dollar day. Economists have debated the proper classification and interpretation of the Ford Motor Company’s wage policy extensively. The majority categorize it as an efficiency wage policy, though others argue for rent sharing or the high-wage doctrine. This article argues that Ford acted as an alert, innovative entrepreneur who exercised judgment under uncertainty when he developed the 1914 labor policy and Ford Sociological Department. Viewing the events of 1913 and 1914 at Ford through this lens reveals that Ford’s personnel innovations were not merely efficiency wages, rent sharing, or motivated by the high-wage doctrine. Rather, Ford’s actions are best understood as those of a profit-seeking entrepreneur.
Determinants of Accounting Informations System Performance at Sharia Commercial Banks in Purwokerto
Authors: Saraswati Esti
Published: May 2022

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis apakah pengaruh kemampuan pengguna sistem informasi, perkembangan teknologi informasi dan dukungan manajemen puncak terhadap kinerja sistem informasi akuntansi  pada Bank Umum Syariah di Purwokerto secara simultan dan parsial. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan pada PT Bank Syariah Indonesia KC Purwokerto Karangkobar dan PT Bank Syariah Indonesia KCP Ajibarang Pancasan 2. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis statistik deskriptif, uji kualitas data, uji asumsi klasik, dan uji hipotesis. Variabel independen pada penelitian ini adalah kemampuan pengguna sistem informasi, perkembangan teknologi informasi dan dukungan manajemen puncak sedangkan variabel dependennya adalah kinerja sistem informasi akuntansi. Jumlah populasi penelitian ini terdiri dari 38 orang dengan menggunakan sampel jenuh diperoleh 38 orang sebagai sampel. Jenis data yang dipakai adalah data primer. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa secara simultan variabel kemampuan pengguna system informasi, perkembangan teknologi informasi, dan dukungan manajemen puncak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja sistem informasi akuntansi. Pada pengujian parsial membuktikan bahwa variabel kemampuan pengguna sistem informasi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja system informasi akuntansi, sedangkan variabel perkembangan teknologi informasi dan variabel dukungan manajemen puncak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kinerja system informasi akuntansi.Kata kunci: Kemampuan Pengguna Sistem Informasi, Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi, Dukungan Manajemen Puncak, Kinerja Sistem Informasi Akuntansi.
Pelaksanaan dan Penatausahaan Pengelolaan Keuangan Daerah Pada Sekretariat Daerah Kota Mataram
Authors: Wahida Fitria , Animah Animah , Jumaidi Lalu Takdir
Published: May 2022

Regional Financial Management includes the implementation and administration of bookkeeping as well as the accountability of the expenditure treasurer. This study was conducted to analyze: 1) Conformity of the Implementation and Administration of Expenditure Treasurer Bookkeeping in the General Section of the Regional Secretariat of Mataram City with Regional Financial Management and Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 77 of 2020, 2) Conformity of Implementation and Administration of Expenditure Treasurer Accountability in the General Section of the City Regional Secretariat Mataram with Regional Financial Management and Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 77 of 2020. The type of research used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. The method of data collection is done by interview, observation, and documentation to obtain primary and secondary data. The results showed that the implementation and administration of regional financial management at the Regional Secretariat of Mataram City, especially related to bookkeeping and the accountability of the expenditure treasurer was not fully in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs Number 77 of 2020. The discrepancy lies in the implementation of the accountability report on the use of UP and TU by the expenditure treasurer and the submission of administrative and functional responsibilities. This discrepancy is caused by several factors, namely system changes, lack of socialization, late decision making, and human error.
Analisis Penerapan E-Government Melalui Aplikasi SIMDA pada Subbag Keuangan Dinas Transmigrasi dan Tenaga Kerja Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Safrida Nila , Marefanda Nodi , Amelia Dara
Published: May 2022

This study aims to analyze the application of e-government through the SIMDA application at the Transmigration and Manpower Office of West Aceh Regency. using qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of interviews and observations, where researchers used purposive techniques, data were analyzed by means of reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that if the implementation of financial SIMDA is well implemented, where the users understand and support the SIMDA use policy, but network resources and human resources are still lacking, financial SIMDA also does not exist, followed by structures that do not match the needs so that tasks overlap. The existence of financial SIMDA has supported the implementation of e-government, because it is a digital application that is easy to use, the information produced is reliable and data security is maintained, data content is accurate with a simple display, and users and beneficiaries strongly support the implementation of financial SIMDA, but there is no interaction forum. between the user and the user system. So it can be said, although there are some shortcomings in the description of the research results, it does not have a major impact on the effectiveness, accountability, auditability, transparency and efficiency of the use of financial SIMDA in the Aceh Barat Distranaker.
Analisis Keterlambatan Waktu Penyaluran Dana Desa Di Kabupaten Aceh Singkil Sejak Tahun 2019-2021
Authors: Saputra Boby Kurnia , Handayani Sri Wahyu
Published: May 2022

Delays in sending village funds often occur during the process of sending village funds, resulting in delays in other processes such as in villages and so on. This study aims to determine the cause of the delay in the delivery of village funds so that it can be overcome by the obstacles that have been studied. This research uses an approach approach with interview, observation and documentation data collection techniques, as for the results of research that can be done, namely, the cause of the delay in village funds due to the lack of human resources owned by village officials, there are no village officials who do not understand and master the main tasks and functions village officials and the lack of guidance from village assistants or P3MD experts
Implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 34 Tahun 1964 tentang Dana Pertanggungan Wajib Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Jalan di Kabupaten Aceh Barat
Authors: Defa Sri , Fadhly Zuhrizal
Published: May 2022

Implementation of Law Number 34 of 1964 concerning Compulsory Funds for Road Traffic Accidents in Meulaboh City. This study aims to inform, Implementation of Law no. 34 of 1964 concerning the Compulsory Fund for Road Traffic Accidents in West Aceh Regency. In order to achieve this goal, this research uses a data collection technique through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data that has been found from the research results are then obtained using a qualitative study in order to find out the implementation of Law no. 34 of 1964 concerning the Compulsory Fund for Road Traffic Accidents in West Aceh Regency. The results of this study ensure that: 1) The implementation process of providing compensation funds to PT. The services of Raharja Meulaboh Branch for victims of road traffic accidents in Meulaboh City are in accordance with the Act. 2)Process of PT. The service of Raharja Meulaboh Branch in providing compensation funds to victims of road traffic accidents in the city of Meulaboh is quite good. However, in this process, it has been found that the victim's/heir's ignorance is that in fact the victim or heir is guaranteed by the social security that has been regulated by law. Therefore, due to the ignorance of the victim or heir that there will be social security, the right or expiration of the right to obtain compensation funds due to the accident of road traffic transportation has resulted. This shows because PT. Jasa Raharja Meulaboh Branch is still not socializing about the provision of compensation funds to the community, especially in the interior of the village and so far there are still many people who do not understand the process of providing compensation funds to PT. Jasa Raharja Meulaboh Branch
Implementasi Peraturan Bupati Tentang Santunan Kematian Di Aceh Selatan
Authors: Wati Sri Indra , Handayani Sri Wahhyu
Published: May 2022

The policy of providing death compensation in South Aceh is one of the policies implemented to help the poor and underprivileged groups in South Aceh to avoid social risks due to funding for death celebrations. Since 2019, this policy has been fully managed by the Regional Secretary for the Welfare Division. This study aims to describe the implementation of the South Aceh Regency Regional Regulation on death compensation from 2019 to 2021, as well as describe the inhibiting factors in its implementation. This research method is a qualitative method with in-depth interviews and library research. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of this policy is not smooth. There are two factors that hinder the implementation of the policy, namely: internal factors and external factors.
PENGARUH METODE PENAKSIRAN GADAI EMAS TERHADAP PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN NASABAH BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA KC SURABAYA DARMO
Authors: Khoiriyah Siti , Fikriyah Khusnul
Published: May 2022

Recovery after the COVID-19 pandemic is one of the factors in the decline in people's purchasing power. Where the policy of termination of employment for employees makes the community unproductive and has no income. To overcome this, people need alternative solutions that are fast and appropriate to get money in order to meet their needs. Gold pawning institutions become an alternative that is considered appropriate because with public investment in the form of gold and jewelry, they can be pawned to use their value. Bank Syariah Indonesia is a banking institution that has several superior products, one of which is the Gold Pawn which runs its operations based on sharia. This study uses quantitative research methods with a causal associative approach aimed at knowing and analyzing the causal relationship between two or more variables. The results of this study indicate the gold pawning method of BSI KC Surabaya Darmo and its influence on customer decision making. The appraisal practice is in accordance with sharia theory because the terms and conditions have been met. From this study it can be concluded that there is an influence between the assessment method on customer decision making.