bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A re‐evaluation of the impact of radiographic orientation on the identification and interpretation of Harris lines
Authors: Scott Amy B. , Hoppa Robert D.
Published: October 2014

The identification of Harris lines through radiographic analysis has been well‐established since their discovery in the late nineteenth century. Most commonly associated with stress, the study of Harris lines has been fraught with inconsistent identification standards, high levels of intra‐ and interobserver error, and the inevitability of skeletal remodelling. Despite these methodological challenges, the use of Harris lines remains an important contributor to studies of health in archaeological populations. This research explores the radiographic process, specifically orientation and how Harris lines are initially captured for study. Using the Black Friars (13th–mid 17th centuries) skeletal sample from Denmark, 157 individuals (134 adults; 23 subadults) were radiographically analyzed in both an anterior–posterior (A–P) and medial–lateral (M–L) view for the left and right radii and tibiae. Based on the current methodological standards within the literature, it was hypothesized that the A–P view would provide the best resolution and visualization of Harris lines. The results, however, show that the number of lines visible in the M–L view were significantly higher than those visible in the A–P view; inferring that the M–L view is superior for the study of Harris lines. Am J Phys Anthropol 156:141–147, 2015 © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Potentialinduzierte Oberflächenrestrukturierung – die Bedeutung der strukturellen Charakterisierung in der Elektrokatalyse
Authors: Engstfeld Albert K. , Brimaud Sylvain , Behm R. Jürgen
Published: October 2014

Anhand der kontinuierlichen elektrokatalytischen CO‐Oxidation an PtRu‐Modellelektroden zeigen wir die Bedeutung einer sorgfältigen strukturellen Charakterisierung der Elektrodenoberfläche vor und nach der Reaktion für deren mechanistisches Verständnis. Bimetallische, mit Pt‐Monolagen‐Inseln modifizierte Ru(0001)‐Elektroden, die unter Ultrahochvakuum‐Bedingungen präpariert und mittels Rastertunnelmikroskopie charakterisiert wurden, zeigen eine deutliche Restrukturierung nach Potentialzyklen bis 1.05 VRHE, während sie bei Zyklen bis 0.90 VRHEstabil sind. Die im Basis‐Voltammogramm kaum erkennbare Restrukturierung führt zu einem erheblichen Anstieg der Aktivität für die CO‐Oxidation bei niedrigen Potentialen (0.5–0.8 V). Dieser ist offensichtlich auf neue, während der Restrukturierung geschaffene aktive Plätze zurückzuführen, und nicht auf schon vorher auf der Oberfläche vorhandene PtRu‐Plätze, die bisher in einem bifunktionalen Mechanismus als Ursache für die hohe Aktivität dieser Bimetall‐Elektroden angesehen wurden.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct CH Functionalization of Benzoquinone
Authors: Walker Sarah E. , Jordan‐Hore James A. , Johnson David G. , Macgregor Stuart A. , Lee Ai‐Lan
Published: October 2014

A direct Pd‐catalyzed CH functionalization of benzoquinone (BQ) can be controlled to give either mono‐ or disubstituted BQ, including the installation of two different groups in a one‐pot procedure. BQ can now be directly functionalized with aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and cycloalkene groups and, moreover, the reaction is conducted in environmentally benign water or acetone as solvents.
Über eine fundamentale Änderung der Art der chemischen Bindung durch Isotopensubstitution
Authors: Fleming Donald G. , Manz Jörn , Sato Kazuma , Takayanagi Toshiyuki
Published: October 2014

Isotopeneffekte können die Bildung und den Bruch chemischer Bindungen im Verlauf chemischer Reaktionen maßgeblich beeinflussen. Hier berichten wir über die Entdeckung einer fundamentalen Änderung der Art der chemischen Bindung durch Isotopensubstitution. Sie beruht auf systematischen quantenchemischen Rechnungen für die Isotopomere BrLBr, wobei “L” ein Wasserstoffisotop bezeichnet. Demnach werden alle vergleichsweise schwereren Isotopomere BrHBr, BrDBr, BrTBr und Br4HBr durch Van‐der‐Waals‐Bindung stabilisiert, wobei 4H das myonische Helium‐Atom bezeichnet, also das schwerste Wasserstoffisotop. Demgegenüber ist das leichteste Isotopomer, BrMuBr, ausschließlich schwingungsgebunden, wobei “Mu” das Myoniumatom bezeichnet; dies ist in Übereinstimmung mit seiner möglichen Beobachtung im jüngsten Experiment zur Mu+Br2‐Reaktion. Demzufolge wird BrMuBr am Sattelpunkt der Potentialenergiefläche stabilisiert, wobei der Anstieg der Potentialenergie durch Absenkung der Schwingungsnullpunktsenergie überkompensiert wird.
Hierarchical Supramolecular Assembly of Sterically Demanding π‐Systems by Conjugation with Oligoprolines
Authors: Lewandowska Urszula , Zajaczkowski Wojciech , Chen Long , Bouillière Francelin , Wang Dapeng , Koynov Kaloian , Pisula Wojciech , Müllen Klaus , Wennemers Helma
Published: October 2014

Self‐assembly from flexible worm‐like threads via bundles of rigid fibers to nanosheets and nanotubes was achieved by covalent conjugation of perylene monoimide (PMI) chromophores with oligoprolines of increasing length. Whereas the chromophoric π‐system and the peptidic building block do not self‐aggregate, the covalent conjugates furnish well‐ordered supramolecular structures with a common wall/fiber thickness. Their morphology is controlled by the number of repeat units and can be tuned by seemingly subtle structural modifications.
Potential‐Induced Surface Restructuring—The Need for Structural Characterization in Electrocatalysis Research
Authors: Engstfeld Albert K. , Brimaud Sylvain , Behm R. Jürgen
Published: October 2014

The necessity of the careful structural characterization of model electrodes before and after the electrochemical measurements for a proper mechanistic interpretation is demonstrated for a well‐known electrocatalytic system, bulk CO oxidation on PtRu model electrodes. Bimetallic, Pt‐monolayer‐island‐modified Ru(0001) electrodes, which were prepared and characterized by scanning tunneling microscopy under ultrahigh‐vacuum conditions, were found to undergo a distinct restructuring when they were potential cycled to 1.05 VRHE, while up to 0.90 VRHEthey are stable. The restructuring, which is not evident in base voltammograms, is accompanied by a significant increase in the CO oxidation activity at low potentials (0.5–0.8 V), indicating that it is caused by new active sites created by the restructuring, and not by the PtRu sites that existed in the original surface and that were previously held responsible for the high activity of these bimetallic surfaces in terms of a bifunctional mechanism.
Cooperative Catalysis by Palladium and a Chiral Phosphoric Acid: Enantioselective Amination of Racemic Allylic Alcohols
Authors: Banerjee Debasis , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: October 2014

Cooperative catalysis by [Pd(dba)2] and the chiral phosphoric acid BA1 in combination with the phosphoramidite ligand L8 enabled the efficient enantioselective amination of racemic allylic alcohols with a variety of functionalized amines. This catalytic protocol is highly regio‐ and stereoselective (up to e.r. 96:4) and furnishes valuable chiral amines in almost quantitative yield.
Suzuki–Miyaura reactions promoted by a PdCl2/sulfonate‐tagged phenanthroline precatalyst in water
Authors: Li Qi , Zhang Li‐Ming , Bao Jia‐Jing , Li Hong‐Xi , Xie Jing‐Bo , Lang Jian‐Ping
Published: October 2014

This work reports Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reactions of arylboronic acid with aryl halide or aryl dibromide mediated by PdCl2 (0.05 mol%) and sodium 4‐(1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthrolin‐1‐yl)butane‐1‐sulfonate (0.05 mol%) at 100 °C in water. The corresponding cross‐coupling products were obtained in good to excellent yields. The catalytic system was recovered from the organic products by extraction with ether and the residual aqueous catalyst phase showed high activity after reuse of at least four cycles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epoxy‐amine networks with varying epoxy polydispersity
Authors: Mc Aninch Ian M. , Palmese Giuseppe R. , Lenhart Joseph L. , La Scala John J.
Published: October 2014

Solid, high molecular weight DGEBA‐based epoxies were blended with high purity liquid DGEBA to create several resins with equivalent epoxy equivalent weights, but with polydispersity indices (PDIs) ranging from 3 to over 10. The resins were cured with a stoichiometric amount of polyetheramine and compared to a nonblended epoxy with PDI of 1.8. Modulus, glass transition temperatures, and molecular weight between cross‐links were measured using dynamic mechanical analysis. Coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) were measured and used to extend room temperature density measurements as a function of temperature. Fracture properties were also measured. Overall, the increased polydispersity has almost negligible effect, with the main difference occurring in the slope of the glassy CTE, with more polydisperse epoxies having a slower increase in CTE. In comparison to previous work where bimodal amines were blended with DGEBA, we conclude that epoxy resins are far more sensitive to distributions in the flexible portion, rather than the more rigid one. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41503.
Vimentin Is a Dominant Target of In Situ Humoral Immunity in Human Lupus Tubulointerstitial Nephritis
Authors: Kinloch Andrew J. , Chang Anthony , Ko Kichul , Henry Dunand Carole J. , Henderson Scott , Maienschein‐Cline Mark , Kaverina Natalya , Rovin Brad H. , Salgado Ferrer Marlene , Wolfgeher Don , Liarski Vladimir , Haddon D. James , Utz Paul J. , Wilson Patrick C. , Clark Marcus R.
Published: October 2014

Objective

In lupus nephritis (LN), severe tubulointerstitial inflammation (TII) predicts progression to renal failure. Severe TII is associated with tertiary lymphoid neogenesis and in situ antigen‐driven clonal B cell selection. The autoantigen(s) driving in situ B cell selection in TII are not known. This study was undertaken to identify the dominant driving autoantigen(s).

Methods

Single CD38+ or Ki‐67+ B cells were laser captured from 7 biopsy specimens that were diagnostic for LN. Eighteen clonally expanded immunoglobulin heavy‐ and light‐chain variable region pairs were cloned and expressed as monoclonal antibodies. Seven more antibodies were cloned from flow‐sorted CD38+ cells from an eighth biopsy specimen. Antigen characterization was performed using a combination of confocal microscopy, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, screening protoarrays, immunoprecipitation, and mass spectrometry. Serum IgG titers to the dominant antigen in 48 LN and 35 non‐nephritic lupus samples were determined using purified antigen‐coated arrays. Autoantigen expression on normal and LN kidney was localized by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence.

Results

Eleven of 25 antibodies reacted with cytoplasmic structures, 4 reacted with nuclei, and none reacted with double‐stranded DNA. Vimentin was the only autoantigen identified by both mass spectrometry and protoarray. Ten of the 11 anticytoplasmic TII antibodies directly bound vimentin. Vimentin was highly expressed by tubulointerstitial inflammatory cells, and the TII antibodies tested preferentially bound inflamed tubulointerstitium. Finally, high titers of serum antivimentin antibodies were associated with severe TII (P = 0.0001).

Conclusion

Vimentin, an antigenic feature of inflammation, is a dominant autoantigen targeted in situ in LN TII. This adaptive autoimmune response likely feeds forward to worsen TII and renal damage.
Anion‐Directed Self‐Assembly of Two Half‐Sandwich Ruthenium‐Based Metallamacrocycles as Catalysts for Water Oxidation
Authors: Yu Wei‐Bin , He Qing‐Ya , Shi Hua‐Tian , Yuan Guozan , Wei Xianwen
Published: October 2014

The binuclear [η6‐(cymene)Ru(L)]2(OTf)2 (TfO−=trifluoromethanesulfonate) and tetranuclear [η6‐(cymene)Ru(L)]4(NO3)4 metallacycles were prepared by treating the pyridyl‐substituted 8‐hydroxyquinoline ligand (E)‐2‐[2‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)vinyl]quinolin‐8‐ol (HL) with [(p‐cymene)Ru(μ‐Cl)Cl]2 in the presence of AgOTf or AgNO3. The molecular structures of these complexes were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which revealed that both complexes have macrocycle frameworks induced by the TfO− and NO3− counteranions, respectively. The electrochemical properties of the two metallacycles were investigated by cyclic voltammetry, which showed that they have great potential as catalysts for water oxidation. Good efficiency was obtained by utilizing the nitrate complex as a water oxidation catalyst in the presence of a CeIV salt as an oxidant at high pH values.
Nachträglicher Einbau von Weißen Wannen in den Gebäudebestand
Authors: Kampen Rolf
Published: October 2014

Veränderte Grundwasserstände führen bundesweit zu nassen Kellern. Derart betroffene Untergeschosse müssen entweder ertüchtigt oder aufgegeben werden. Weiße Wannen haben sich seit einem halben Jahrhundert im Neubau bewährt. Die Möglichkeit, Betonwannen auch nachträglich in den Gebäudebestand einbauen zu können, ist noch nicht überall bekannt – obwohl auch dies schon seit Jahrzehnten geübte Praxis ist. Zahlreiche ausgeführte Beispiele belegen, dass hiermit eine sinnvolle Möglichkeit besteht, feuchte und unter Wasser stehende Untergeschosse zuverlässig und dauerhaft wieder nutzbar zu machen. Randbedingungen, technische Möglichkeiten und Bauablauf werden nachfolgend beschrieben.

Retrofitting waterproof basements (“White Tanks”) into existing buildings

All over Germany, changing groundwater levels are causing wet cellars. Basements affected in this way must be either retrofitted or abandoned. Water‐impermeable concrete structures (in German speaking countries referred to as Weiße Wannen meaning “White Tanks”) have proven their reliability over the last five decades; (comparable to “Structurally integral protection, Type B” acc. to BS 8102: 2009). The fact that it is possible to retrofit White Tanks into existing buildings is not universally known – although this solution has been practised for decades. Numerous examples of the practice prove that this is a reliable, effective method, enabling wet or flooded basements to be returned to permanent use. The following article describes the basic conditions, the technical possibilities and the procedure involved.
Auswahl und Planung von Fugenabdichtungssystemen für WU‐Konstruktionen
Authors: Hohmann Rainer
Published: October 2014

Wasserundurchlässige Bauwerke aus Beton, sogenannte “Weiße Wannen”, müssen im Regelfall das Eindringen bzw. das Austreten von Wasser verhindern. Die Ausbildung der Fugen und die Fugenabdichtung erfordern die besondere Beachtung von Planern und Ausführenden, da Fugen häufig eine potenzielle Schwachstelle darstellen. Arbeitsfugen, Dehnfugen, Sollrissquerschnitte und Durchdringungen müssen dauerhaft abgedichtet werden. Dies setzt vertiefte Kenntnisse über die unterschiedlichen Fugenabdichtungssysteme voraus. Der Beitrag bietet einen Überblick über die Fugenabdichtungssysteme und gibt Hinweise für die Auswahl und Planung der Fugenabdichtung.

Selection and Design of Joint Waterproofing Systems for Watertight Concrete Structures

Watertight concrete structures, so called “White Tanks” or “White Boxes”, generally have to prevent water penetration into the structure, or to its contents; alternatively they are designed and built to prevent water leakage from the structure, or to do both. In many cases joints in structures of waterproof concrete turn out to be a weak point. For this reason in watertight concrete construction works, the design engineers and the contractor must pay special attention to the waterproofing solutions for all of the joints. Construction joints, movement or expansion joints, controlled crack induced joints and penetrations are sealed and made watertight. Therefore the responsible engineer needs to have a good knowledge of the different joint sealing and waterproofing solutions that can be used. This article goes into the details of the different joint sealing and waterproofing systems and the basic rules for sealing.
Modulation of the stemness and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by controlling RGD concentrations of poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel
Authors: Chien Hsiu‐Wen , Fu Szu‐Wei , Shih Ai‐Yun , Tsai Wei‐Bor
Published: October 2014

In vitro modulation of the differentiation status of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is important for their application to regenerative medicine. We suggested that the morphology and differentiation states of MSCs could be modulated by controlling the cell affinity of a substrate. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of surface bio‐adhesive signals on self‐renewal and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs using a low‐fouling platform. Cell‐resistant poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel was conjugated with 5 μM or 5 mM of cell‐adhesive arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD) peptides in order to control the cells' affinity to the substrate. Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) were cultured on the RGD‐modified poly(carboxybetaine) hydrogel and then the cells' states of stemness and osteogenic differentiation were evaluated using reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The hMSCs formed three‐dimensional spheroids on the 5 μM RGD substrate, while cells on the 5 mM RGD substrate exhibited spreading morphology. Furthermore, cells on the 5 μM RGD hydrogel maintained a better stemness phenotype, while the hMSCs on the 5 mM RGD hydrogel proliferated faster and underwent osteogenic differentiation. In conclusion, the stemness of hMSCs was best maintained on a low RGD surface, while osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs was enhanced on a high RGD surface.
Changed loading conditions and lysate composition improve the purity of tagged recombinant proteins with tacn‐based IMAC adsorbents
Authors: Zhang Chunfang , Fredericks Dale , Longford Darant , Campi Eva , Sawford Tamsin , Hearn Milton T. W.
Published: October 2014

These investigations were designed to improve capture efficiency and selectivity in the immobilized metal ion affinity chromatographic (IMAC) purification of tagged recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli cells, utilizing an alternative and novel class of immobilized metal binding ligands. The impact of loading conditions and lysate composition on the IMAC purification of NT1A‐ or His6‐tagged green fluorescent protein (GFP), using the ligands 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (tacn) and bis(1,4,7‐triazacyclononyl)propane (dtnp), charged with Cu2+ ions, has thus been explored. These findings were compared to the performance of a commercial adsorbent, IMAC Sepharose™ 6 FF, similarly charged with Cu2+ ions. With the same loading, wash and elution protocols, the tacn‐ and dtnp‐derived adsorbents showed higher selectivity in terms of removal of E. coli host cell proteins than the commercial adsorbent, while low molecular weight components in the crude lysate had a higher impact on the binding capacities of tacn‐ and dtnp‐derived adsorbents. This effect of lysate composition could be reduced through osmotic shock treatment of the E. coli cells prior to lysis. Additionally, the protein‐binding capacities of the tacn‐based resins were enhanced by increasing their ligand densities. Because both the tacn‐ and the dtnp‐derived IMAC adsorbents exhibit very high metal ion stability constants, under the chromatographic conditions examined, they could be used several times without re‐charging with Cu2+ ions. The results of these studies thus expand the general application scope of tacn‐based IMAC resins for use in the capture and purification of tagged recombinant proteins.
Conformational and phase transitions in DNA—photosensitive surfactant solutions: Experiment and modeling
Authors: Kasyanenko N. , Lysyakova L. , Ramazanov R. , Nesterenko A. , Yaroshevich I. , Titov E. , Alexeev G. , Lezov A. , Unksov I.
Published: October 2014

DNA binding to trans‐ and cis‐isomers of azobenzene containing cationic surfactant in 5 mM NaCl solution was investigated by the methods of dynamic light scattering (DLS), low‐gradient viscometry (LGV), atomic force microscopy (AFM), circular dichroism (CD), gel electrophoresis (GE), flow birefringence (FB), UV–Vis spectrophotometry. Light‐responsive conformational transitions of DNA in complex with photosensitive surfactant, changes in DNA optical anisotropy and persistent length, phase transition of DNA into nanoparticles induced by high surfactant concentration, as well as transformation of surfactant conformation under its binding to macromolecule were studied. Computer simulations of micelles formation for cis‐ and trans‐isomers of azobenzene containing surfactant, as well as DNA‐surfactant interaction, were carried out. Phase diagram for DNA‐surfactant solutions was designed. The possibility to reverse the DNA packaging induced by surfactant binding with the dilution and light irradiation was shown. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 103: 109–122, 2015.
Nostoc: ein prokaryotischer Vielzeller
Authors: Maldener Iris
Published: October 2014

In diesem Jahr wurde das Cyanobakterium Nostoc durch die VAAM zur “Mikrobe des Jahres” gekürt. Nostoc ist ein vielzelliges Bakterium, das sich an verschiedene Umweltbedingungen anpassen und dementsprechend vielfältige Habitate besiedeln kann. Das von Licht und Luft lebende Bakterium kann sporenähnliche Zellen bilden, sich mithilfe von Pili fortbewegen und der N2‐Fixierung dienende Heterozysten bilden. Diese Eigenschaften machen es zu einem beliebten Partner in verschiedenen Symbiosen mit Pflanzen als auch heterotrophen Organismen. Seine autotrophe Lebensweise als photosynthetischer Organismus und die Fähigkeit zur Differenzierung von drei verschiedenen Zelltypen mit unterschiedlicher Funktion bedeuten für Nostoc einen deutlichen Selektionsvorteil innerhalb aquatischer und terrestrischer Habitate. Seine Vielzelligkeit beweist es durch eine echte zelluläre Arbeitsteilung und das Auftreten von Zellwandstrukturen, die eine Kommunikation zwischen den Zellen der Filamente erlauben.
Was der Helgoländer Hummer mit der Energiewende zu tun hat
Authors: Kohl Peter
Published: October 2014

Er ist ein Einzelgänger, aggressiv und bisweilen ein Kannibale. Und dennoch ist der Europäische Hummer (Hommarus gammarus) ein wünschenswerter Nachbar und Aufpasser in marinen Ökosystemen. Mit großem Aufwand kümmern sich Biologen um seine Wiederansiedlung – rund um Helgoland sowie in einem Offshore‐Windpark.
Warum wird Zellkulturmedien Glutamin zugesetzt?
Authors: Hauk Andrea
Published: October 2014

Zellkulturmedien müssen so beschaffen sein, dass die Zellen optimal wachsen können. Hierzu gibt es verschiedene bewährte Medienkompositionen, deren Inhaltsstoffe an bestimmte Zellen angepasst wurden. Einer – wenn nicht sogar der wichtigste – dieser Zusätze ist das so genannte Glutamin.
Kulturfolger mit Köpfchen: Rabenvögel
Authors: Petrischak Hannes
Published: October 2014

Fast alle heimischen Rabenvögel (Corvidae) haben sich im menschlichen Siedlungsraum bestens eingelebt, denn hier finden sie im Gegensatz zum offenen Land reichlich Nahrung, Nistplätze und Schutz vor Verfolgung. Beinahe täglich bieten sich daher neue Gelegenheiten, das facettenreiche Verhalten von Elster, Dohle, Rabenkrähe & Co. rund ums Haus zu studieren. Doch den intelligenten Vögeln schlagen viele Vorurteile entgegen. Als Nesträuber geben sie für manchen Gartenbesitzer sogar ein ideales Feindbild ab.
Hydroxyl‐Functionalized Imidazoles: Highly Active Additives for the Potassium Iodide‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,3‐Dioxolan‐2‐one Derivatives from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Werner Thomas , Tenhumberg Nils , Büttner Hendrik
Published: October 2014

4(5)‐(Hydroxymethyl)imidazole and potassium iodide were identified as an efficient catalyst system for the cycloaddition of epoxides and carbon dioxide producing 1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one derivatives under solvent‐free conditions. The high activity of the catalyst system even at 60 °C was probably due to synergistic effects between potassium iodide and the substituted imidazole. Various functionalized and nonfunctionalized terminal epoxides as well as internal epoxides were converted into the corresponding cyclic carbonates in high yields (up to 99 %) under mild reaction conditions within a short reaction time. Compared with the previously reported amino alcohols e.g. triethanolamine based catalyzed synthesis of cyclic carbonates, the catalyst system described herein demonstrates a higher activity toward a broad substrate scope
Tuning Phenols with Intra‐Molecular Bond Shifted HYdrogens (IM‐SHY) as diaCEST MRI Contrast Agents
Authors: Yang Xing , Yadav Nirbhay N. , Song Xiaolei , Ray Banerjee Sangeeta , Edelman Hannah , Minn Il , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Pomper Martin G. , McMahon Michael T.
Published: October 2014

The optimal exchange properties for chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) contrast agents on 3 T clinical scanners were characterized using continuous wave saturation transfer, and it was demonstrated that the exchangeable protons in phenols can be tuned to reach these criteria through proper ring substitution. Systematic modification allows the chemical shift of the exchangeable protons to be positioned between 4.8 to 12 ppm from water and enables adjustment of the proton exchange rate to maximize CEST contrast at these shifts. In particular, 44 hydrogen‐bonded phenols are investigated for their potential as CEST MRI contrast agents and the stereoelectronic effects on their CEST properties are summarized. Furthermore, a pair of compounds, 2,5‐dihydroxyterephthalic acid and 4,6‐dihydroxyisophthalic acid, were identified which produce the highest sensitivity through incorporating two exchangeable protons per ring.
A Facile Asymmetric Approach to the Multicyclic Core Structure of Mangicol A
Authors: Ying Jun , Pu Lin
Published: October 2014

Chiral propargylic ether‐based triene–ynes are synthesized with high enantiomeric purity by employing an asymmetric enyne addition to aldehydes catalyzed by 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol in combination with ZnEt2, Ti(OiPr)4 and dicyclohexylamine at room temperature. These substrates are found to undergo a one‐pot domino Pauson–Khand and Diels–Alder cycloaddition catalyzed by [RhCl(CO)2]2 under CO to generate a series of multicyclic products with high chemoselectivity and stereoselectivity. These products contain the multicyclic core structure of mangicol A which could facilitate the synthesis and study of this class of natural products.
Rationally Investigating the Influence of T1 Location on Electroluminescence Performance of Aryl Amine Modified Phosphine Oxide Materials
Authors: Han Chunmiao , Zhu Liping , Li Jing , Zhao Fangchao , Xu Hui , Ma Dongge , Yan Pengfei
Published: October 2014

The correspondence between triplet location effect and host‐localized triplet–triplet annihilation and triplet–polaron quenching effects was performed on the basis of a series of naphthyldiphenylamine (DPNA)‐modified phosphine oxide hosts. The number and ratio of DPNA and diphenylphosphine oxide was adjusted to afford symmetrical and unsymmetrical molecular structures and different electronic environments. As designed, the first triplet (T1) states were successfully localized on the specific DPNA chromophores. Owing to the meso‐ and multi‐insulating linkages, identical optical properties and comparable electrical performance was observed, including the same first singlet (S1) and T1 energy levels to support the similar singlet and triplet energy transfer and the close frontier molecular orbital energy levels. This established the basis of rational investigation on T1 location effect without interference from other optoelectronic factors.
Inherently Chiral Macrocyclic Oligothiophenes: Easily Accessible Electrosensitive Cavities with Outstanding Enantioselection Performances
Authors: Sannicolò Francesco , Mussini Patrizia R. , Benincori Tiziana , Cirilli Roberto , Abbate Sergio , Arnaboldi Serena , Casolo Simone , Castiglioni Ettore , Longhi Giovanna , Martinazzo Rocco , Panigati Monica , Pappini Marco , Quartapelle Procopio Elsa , Rizzo Simona
Published: October 2014

Invited for the cover of this issue is Francesco Sannicolò and co‐workers at different Italian institutions, who all contributed to the different specific areas of this multidisciplinary work. The image depicts inherently chiral elliptical and triangular oligothiophene macrocycles and their symmetrical resemblance to mysterious crop circles. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201404331.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoluminescence, Reddish Orange Long Persistent Luminescence and Photostimulated Luminescence Properties of Praseodymium Doped CdGeO3 Phosphor.
Authors: Jin Yahong , Hu Yihua , Chen Li , Fu Yinrong , Mu Zhongfei , Wang Tao , Lin Jun
Published: October 2014

Polycrystalline powders of CdGeO3:xPr3+ containing up to 5 mol% Pr are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of CdCO3, GeO2, and Pr6O11 (corundum crucibles, 1050 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ammonia Synthesis by N2 and Steam Electrolysis in Molten Hydroxide Suspensions of Nanoscale Fe2O3.
Authors: Licht Stuart , Cui Baochen , Wang Baohui , Li Fang‐Fang , Lau Jason , Liu Shuzhi
Published: October 2014

Ammonia is produced by electrolysis of air and steam in a molten 0.5NaOH/0.5KOH suspension of nano‐Fe2O3 (200 °C, 1.2 V, 2 mA/cm2, 35% coulombic efficiency).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Synthesis of syn‐β‐Hydroxy‐α‐amino Acids by Direct Aldolization of Pseudoephenamine Glycinamide.
Authors: Seiple Ian B. , Mercer Jaron A. M. , Sussman Robin J. , Zhang Ziyang , Myers Andrew G.
Published: October 2014

A facile, stereoselective preparation of syn‐β‐hydroxy‐α‐amino acids by an aldol reaction is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of a Carbonyl Compound by Halogen Bonding.
Authors: Jungbauer Stefan H. , Walter Sebastian M. , Schindler Severin , Rout Laxmidhar , Kniep Florian , Huber Stefan M.
Published: October 2014

The catalyst is employed in a Diels‐Alder reaction as benchmark.
ChemInform Abstract: Annulations of α‐Carbamoyl Ketene Dithioacetals with Dicarboxylic Acid Dichlorides: Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrrolidinetriones and Piperidinetriones.
Authors: Dong Ying , Guo Yaru , Liu Jun , Zheng Gang , Wang Mang
Published: October 2014

The annulation reactions of ketene dithioacetals (I) with acid chlorides (II) or (VI) proceed under mild conditions to form pyrrolidinetriones and pyridinetriones.
ChemInform Abstract: Buchwald—Hartwig Reactions in Water Using Surfactants.
Authors: Salome Christophe , Wagner Patrick , Bollenbach Maud , Bihel Frederic , Bourguignon Jean‐Jacques , Schmitt Martine
Published: October 2014

The scope of the Pd‐catalyzed Buchwald—Hartwig amination of aromatic and heteroaromatic halides with primary and secondary amines, N‐heterocycles and carboxylic amides is investigated using micellar aqueous reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hybrid Ferrocene‐Proline Amides as Active Catalysts for Asymmetric Aldol Reactions in Water.
Authors: Patti Angela , Pedotti Sonia
Published: October 2014

Some new ferrocene‐proline amides are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II) Chalcogenolate Complexes as Catalysts for C—C Cross‐Coupling and Carbonylative Suzuki Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Paluru Dilip K. , Dey Sandip , Chaudhari Kamal R. , Khedkar Mayur V. , Bhanage Bhalachandra M. , Jain Vimal K.
Published: October 2014

The catalytic activity of palladium chalcogenate complexes is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminosugar Motifs via an Allene Aziridination Strategy.
Authors: Adams Christopher S. , Grigg R. David , Schomaker Jennifer M.
Published: October 2014

Aziridination of allenes, e.g. (I) derived from D‐mannitol, provides a chemo‐, regio‐ and stereoselective approach towards aminosugar precursors.
ChemInform Abstract: New Chiral Biscarboline N,N′‐Dioxide Derivatives as Catalyst in Enantioselective Reduction of Ketoimines with Trichlorosilane.
Authors: Pei Yu‐Ning , Deng Yu , Li Jing‐Liang , Liu Li , Zhu Hua‐Jie
Published: October 2014

The title catalyst shows excellent reactivity and good enantioselectivity in the synthesis of amines via reduction of ketoimines with trichlorosilane.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Skeletal Rearrangement, and Biological Activities of Spirooxindoles: Exploration of a Stepwise C‐Piancatelli Rearrangement.
Authors: Huang Li , Zhang Xiaoyu , Li Jing , Ding Ke , Li Xuehui , Zheng Wenxu , Yin Biaolin
Published: October 2014

The transformation of 2‐furylcarbinols into spirofurooxindoles and their subsequent thermal skeletal rearrangement are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Catalyzed Heck‐Like Cyclizations of Oxime Esters.
Authors: Faulkner Adele , Race Nicholas J. , Scott James S. , Bower John F.
Published: October 2014

The mechanistic pathway involves radical‐based C‐N bond formation and does not involve migratory insertion of the alkene into the N‐Cu bond of an imino‐Cu(III) intermediate.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Change in a Urea Catalyst Induced by Sodium Cation and Its Effect on Enantioselectivity of a Friedel—Crafts Reaction.
Authors: Chittoory Arjun K. , Kumari Gayatri , Mohapatra Sudip , Kundu Partha P. , Maji Tapas K. , Narayana Chandrabhas , Rajaram Sridhar
Published: October 2014

A pre‐synthesized stable complex of a novel bis‐camphorsulfonyl urea derivative with two equivalents of NaBPh4 is successfully employed as catalyst for the asymmetric Michael addition of pyrrole or indole to give nitroolefins.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Michael Addition of 3‐Substituted Oxindoles to Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Nitro Olefins Catalyzed by a Cinchona‐Alkaloid‐Derived Squaramide.
Authors: Zhao Mei‐Xin , Ji Fei‐Hu , Zhao Xiao‐Li , Han Ze‐Zheng , Shi Min
Published: October 2014

The title reaction of 3‐aryloxindoles is efficient and allows highly diastereo‐ and enantioselective access to 3,3‐disubstituted oxindoles bearing a trifluoromethyl substituted tertiary stereocenter adjacent to a quaternary carbon atom.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Synthesis of 4‐Nitro‐ or 4‐Chloro‐Tetrasubstituted Pyrazoles from Hydrazones and β‐Halo‐β‐nitrostyrenes.
Authors: Deng Xiaohu , Liang Jimmy T. , Mani Neelakandha S.
Published: October 2014

The identity of the pyrazole product formed depends on the leaving group abilities of the halo and nitro substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐(3‐Methyl‐1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐yl)‐2H‐2‐chromen‐2‐one Derivatives via a One‐Pot, Three‐Component Reaction
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Ghanbaripour Rashid
Published: October 2014

of salicylaldehydes, 4‐hydroxypyran‐2‐one (II) and arylhydrazines
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation of Enol Acetate of Flavanone with Thallium(III) Nitrate or Phenyliodonium Diacetate: A Convenient New Route to Isoflavone and Flavone.
Authors: Nemeth Istvan , Kiss‐Szikszai Attila , Gulacsi Katalin , Mandi Attila , Komaromi Istvan , Kurtan Tibor , Antus Sandor
Published: October 2014

The oxidation of enol acetate of flavone (I) results in the formation of two products whereas, the ratio of flavone (II) and isoflavone (III) strongly depends on the reaction conditions used.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green and Regioselective Synthesis of Xanthone and Thioxanthone Derivatives in the Presence of Heteropoly Acid under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Nasseri Mohammad A. , Alizadeh Somayyeh , Zakerinasb Batol , Beni Alireza Salimi
Published: October 2014

A variety of the title compounds is efficiently obtained by one‐pot reaction of phenol compounds and salicylic acid/thiosalicylic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isoquinolines via Visible Light‐Promoted Insertion of Vinyl Isocyanides with Diaryliodonium Salts.
Authors: Jiang Heng , Cheng Yuanzheng , Wang Ruzhi , Zhang Yan , Yu Shouyun
Published: October 2014

Isoquinoline ester (IIIg) can be converted in two steps to carboxamides which are excellent non‐benzoazepine PBR ligands with nanomolar affinity [e.g. compound (IX)].
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Promoted Oxidative Conversion of o‐Vinyl Diaryl Ketones into o‐Acetyl Diaryl Ketones, Synthesis of 1‐Methyl‐4‐arylphthalazines as Analogues of Podophyllotoxin.
Authors: Harikrishna Kommidi , Mukkamala Ramesh , Hinkelmann Bettina , Sasse Florenz , Aidhen Indrapal Singh
Published: October 2014

A new metal‐free oxidation of o‐vinyl diaryl ketones to diacylbenzene derivatives is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed C(sp2)—H Pyridocarbonylation of N‐Aryl‐2‐aminopyridines: Dual Function of the Pyridyl Moiety.
Authors: Liang Dongdong , He Yimiao , Zhu Qiang
Published: October 2014

The pyridyl substituent acts as both a directing group and an intermolecular nucleophile in the Pd‐catalyzed carbonylation reactions of substrates (I) to give pyridoquinazolin‐11‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2‐Arylpyrazolo[5,1‐b]quinazolin‐9(3H)‐one Derivatives in Ionic Liquids via Domino Reaction.
Authors: Zhou Yu‐Jing , Zhang Mei‐Mei , Li Yu‐Ling , Liu Yun , Wang Xiang‐Shan
Published: October 2014

Iodine is an efficient catalyst for the cyclization of hydrazides of type (I) and (IV) in the ionic liquid [pmim]Br as a solvent to give dihydropyrazoloquinazolinones.
ChemInform Abstract: Urea/Thiourea as Ammonia Surrogate: A Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of 2‐Substituted 2,3‐Dihydroquinazolin‐4(1H)‐ones/Quinazoline‐4(3H)‐ones.
Authors: Naidu P. Paradesi , Raghunadh Akula , Rao K. Raghavendra , Mekala Ramamohan , Babu J. Moses , Rao B. R. , Siddaiah V. , Pal Manojit
Published: October 2014

The procedure is operationally simple and does not involve the use of any metal, other toxic, expensive catalysts or reagents and inert atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Driving the Morita—Baylis—Hillman Reaction to a Multicomponent Organic Transformation.
Authors: Guillouzic Anne‐Francoise , Montel Sonia , Laborde Coralie , Volle Jean‐Noel , Pirat Jean‐Luc , Virieux David
Published: October 2014

It is demonstrated, that employing heterophosphines under aqueous Morita—Baylis—Hillman conditions changes the course of the reaction to provide hydrolysis products of type (IV), (VI), and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Syntheses and Biological Activities of Ganomycin I (Ia) and Fornicin A (Ib).
Authors: Yajima Arata , Urao Shota , Katsuta Ryo , Nukada Tomoo
Published: October 2014

Ganomycin exhibits cytotoxicity against E‐PR293 cells, whereas fornicin shows no cytotoxicity but weak anti‐HIV‐1 protease activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved and Efficient Synthesis of Maxacalcitol.
Authors: Feng Shi , Cui Li‐Fei , Wei He‐Geng , Zheng Guo‐Jun , Wang Ya‐Ping , Wang Xiang‐Jing , Zhang Ji , Xiang Wen‐Sheng
Published: October 2014

A new synthetic route is presented for maxacalcitol (I), which can be used as an antihyperparathyroidism and antipsoriatric drug.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pladienolide B and Its 7‐Epimer with Insights into the Role of the Allylic Acetate.
Authors: Mueller Sarah , Sasse Florenz , Maier Martin E.
Published: October 2014

The asymmetric synthesis of macrolactones pladienolide B (Ia) and its 7‐epimer (Ib) is described and their cytotoxicity against the L929 cell line is tested.
ChemInform Abstract: Cation Exchange at the Secondary Building Units of Metal—Organic Frameworks
Authors: Brozek C. K. , Dinca M.
Published: October 2014

Review: 55 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multifunctional Metal—Organic Frameworks Constructed from meta‐Benzenedicarboxylate Units
Authors: He Yabing , Li Bin , O'Keeffe Michael , Chen Banglin
Published: October 2014

Review: 197 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Synthetic Protocols for Quarternary Ammonium Tribromides — A Brief Account
Authors: Sinha Upasana Bora , Jamir Latonglila
Published: October 2014

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleoside Amidites as Building‐Blocks for Synthesis of Therapeutic Oligonucleotides: A Mini‐Review
Authors: Sanghvi Yogesh S.
Published: October 2014

Review: [23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Morphologies of Biocompatible and Biodegradable Block Copolymers
Authors: Huang Shaoyong , Jiang Shichun
Published: October 2014

Review: 146 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Mixtures: Sustainable Solvents for Extraction Processes
Authors: Pena‐Pereira Francisco , Namiesnik Jacek
Published: October 2014

Review: 140 refs.
Parameters influencing dilute‐phase pneumatic conveying through pipe systems: A computational study by the Euler/Lagrange approach
Authors: Sommerfeld Martin , Lain Santiago
Published: October 2014

The present contribution summarizes research related to the numerical computation of pneumatic conveying systems applying the Euler/Lagrange approach. For that purpose, a rigorous modelling of the particulate phase was aspired, including the relevant fluid dynamic forces, particle‐wall collisions with wall roughness and inter‐particle collisions. For the validation of the computations, experiments of Huber and Sommerfeld were selected for the conveying through a 80 mm stainless steel pipe with 5 m horizontal pipe, bend and 5 m vertical pipe. The majority of the computations were done for the same pipe system; however, in this instance, consisting of 150 mm stainless steel pipes. In these cases the average conveying velocity was 27 m/s and the particle mass loading was 0.3 (mass flow rate of particles/mass flow rate of air). For this configuration the influence of wall roughness, inter‐particle collisions, particle size, and mass loading on the resulting particle concentration distribution, the secondary flow as well as the pressure drop in the different pipe elements was analyzed. Moreover, a segregation parameter was defined which describes the location of the maximum particle concentration throughout the pipe system. The secondary flow intensity (SFI) was used to characterize the influence of the particle phase on the developing structure of the secondary flow.
Separation of soybean oil from liquefied n‐butane and liquefied petroleum gas by membrane separation process
Authors: Novello Zuleica , Tres Marcus V. , Silva Marceli F. , Oliveira J. Vladimir , Di Luccio Marco
Published: October 2014

This work investigates the separation of soybean oil/compressed n‐butane and soybean oil/liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) mixtures, using ultra‐ and nanofiltration membranes. For this purpose, soybean oil/n‐butane and soybean oil/LPG in the mass ratio of 1:3 were continuously fed into a flat sheet module without the recycle. The effects of the feed pressure (10, 20, and 30 bar), the pressure difference (1, 5, and 10 bar) and the pre‐treatment with ethanol and n‐propanol on the oil permeate flux and oil retention were investigated. The membranes with best performance (higher oil retention combined with high solvent permeate flux) were Sepa GM (4 kDa) and Sepa HL (98 % MgSO4), previously conditioned in ethanol. The Sepa GM membrane showed oil retention between 95 to 99 %. The Sepa HL membrane showed oil retention between 83 to 97 %. The pre‐treatment with ethanol improved the permeate flux. In most of the experimental conditions severe membrane fouling was observed. A change in the permeate flux and oil retention behaviour was observed in the assays with LPG as solvent due to the different gas composition when compared with n‐butane.
Distribution of mixing efficiency in a split‐cylinder gas‐lift bioreactor for Yarrowia lipolytica suspensions
Authors: Caşcaval Dan , Matran Ramona Mihaela , Turnea Marius , Blaga Alexandra Cristina , Galaction Anca‐Irina
Published: October 2014

The distribution of mixing efficiency in a split‐cylinder gas‐lift bioreactor has been investigated for Y. lipolytica suspensions with cells concentration varying between 10 and 50 g/l d.w. The results indicated important variation of mixing time on the height of riser or downcomer, as well as different behaviour of suspensions flows in these two regions. Thus, the less intense mixing for the upward circulation has been recorded for the bottom region, while the most efficient mixing was reached at the top position at higher biomass concentration and aeration rate. This variation is similar to that observed for the downcomer, the intermediary positions being associated with the lowest efficiency of mixing for concentrated yeast cells suspension, due to the bubbles entrapping coalescence and stratification phenomena. The influence of air input rate on turbulence extent is positive only for the superior regions of the riser. For the other positions inside the gas‐lift bioreactor this parameter effect depends on the biomass concentration. By means of the experimental data and using MATLAB software, mathematical correlations for mixing time have been proposed for each circulation region, taking into consideration both the operational parameters and the distance from the bioreactor bottom. These equations offer a good concordance with the experiment, the average deviation being 5.1 % for the riser and 5.6 % for the downcomer zone.
Reelin receptors ApoER2 and VLDLR are expressed in distinct spatiotemporal patterns in developing mouse cerebral cortex
Authors: Hirota Yuki , Kubo Ken‐ichiro , Katayama Kei‐ichi , Honda Takao , Fujino Takahiro , Yamamoto Tokuo T. , Nakajima Kazunori
Published: October 2014

In mammalian developing brain, neuronal migration is regulated by a variety of signaling cascades, including Reelin signaling. Reelin is a glycoprotein that is mainly secreted by Cajal–Retzius neurons in the marginal zone, playing essential roles in the formation of the layered neocortex via its receptors, apolipoprotein E receptor 2 (ApoER2) and very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR). However, the precise mechanisms by which Reelin signaling controls the neuronal migration process remain unclear. To gain insight into how Reelin signaling controls individual migrating neurons, we generated monoclonal antibodies against ApoER2 and VLDLR and examined the localization of Reelin receptors in the developing mouse cerebral cortex. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that VLDLR is localized to the distal portion of leading processes in the marginal zone (MZ), whereas ApoER2 is mainly localized to neuronal processes and the cell membranes of multipolar cells in the multipolar cell accumulation zone (MAZ). These different expression patterns may contribute to the distinct actions of Reelin on migrating neurons during both the early and late migratory stages in the developing cerebral cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:463–478, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Spatiotemporal profiles of dental pulp nociception in rat cerebral cortex: An optical imaging study
Authors: Nakamura Hiroko , Kato Risako , Shirakawa Tetsuo , Koshikawa Noriaki , Kobayashi Masayuki
Published: October 2014

Somatosensation is topographically organized in the primary (S1) and secondary somatosensory cortex (S2), which contributes to identify the region receiving sensory inputs. However, it is still unknown how somatosensory inputs from the oral region, especially nociceptive inputs from the teeth, are processed in the somatosensory cortex. We performed in vivo optical imaging and identified the precise cortical regions responding to electrical stimulation of the maxillary and mandibular dental pulp in rats. Electrical stimulation of the mandibular incisor pulp evoked neural excitation in two areas: the most rostroventral part of S1, and the ventral part of S2 caudal to the middle cerebral artery. Maxillary incisor pulp stimulation initially evoked responses only in the ventral part of S2, although later maximum responses were also observed in S1 similar to mandibular incisor stimulation responses. The maxillary and mandibular molar pulp‐responding regions were located in the most ventral S2, a part of which was histologically classified as the insular oral region (IOR). In terms of the initial responses, maxillary incisor and molar stimulation induced excitation in the S2/IOR rostral to the mandibular dental pulp‐responding region. Contrary to the spatially segregated initial responses, the maximum excitatory areas responding to both incisors and molars in the mandible and maxilla overlapped in S1 and the S2/IOR. Multielectrode extracellular recording supported the characteristic localization of S2/IOR neurons responding to mandibular and maxillary molar pulp stimulation. The discrete and overlapped spatial profiles of initial and maximum responses, respectively, may characterize nociceptive information processing of dental pain in the cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 523:1162–1174, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.