bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transglutaminase 2-Mediated Histone H3Q5 Serotonylation: A Selective Epigenetic Regulator Driving Cell Proliferation and Migration in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Liu Yuting , Yu Yu , Li Dan , Sun Yating , Wu Jingxian , Xie Wanhua
Published: April 2024

Colorectal carcinoma (CRC), a prevalent digestive malignancy and the second foremost cause of cancer fatalities globally. A recent discovery highlights a novel histone modification: serotonylation at histone H3Q5 (H3Q5ser), catalyzed by transglutaminase 2 (TG2). Although present in specific tissues like the colon, its epigenetic function in CRC remains elusive. Our research reveals increased TG2 and H3Q5ser levels in poorly-differentiated colorectal cancers. Furthermore, TG2 depletion in CRC cell lines hindered both cell growth and migration. We identified FOSL1 as a pivotal mediator within the TG2-regulated network, tightly linked to TG2 expression. Subsequently, TG2 influences the expression of MEK/ERK pathway targets indirectly via FOSL1. Epigenetic investigations shed light on the functional role of TG2-catalyzed H3Q5ser in regulating the transcription of genes implicated in cell proliferation and migration. TG2 extends H3Q5 serotonylation to the gene body and fortifies H3K4me3, thereby releasing RNA polymerase II from its paused state. Thus, our study suggests that TG2-mediated H3Q5ser significantly serves as a selective regulator, promoting the transcription of genes driving cell proliferation and migration by facilitating the release of paused RNA polymerase II, unveiling potential therapeutic targets for CRC.
Characteristics, risk factors and disease course of musculoskeletal manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Jansen F. M. , Broeder N. , Hal T. W. , Mahler E. A. M. , Dop W. A. , Hoentjen F.
Published: April 2024

Background
Musculoskeletal manifestations occur in half of the patients with Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and contribute to a reduced quality of life (QoL) and increased work disability. We aimed to evaluate the natural disease course, characteristics, and risk factors of musculoskeletal manifestations in patients with IBD.
Methods
We performed a prospective longitudinal cohort study in patients with IBD with and without musculoskeletal manifestations with a one year follow-up. Primary outcome was the proportion of patients with resolution of musculoskeletal manifestations. Secondary outcomes included: the proportion of patients with IBD that developed new musculoskeletal manifestations during follow-up; the correlation between IBD activity, baseline characteristics, and musculoskeletal disease course; and the difference in QoL between patients with and without musculoskeletal manifestations.
Results
In total, 243 patients with IBD were included (124 with and 119 without musculoskeletal manifestations). In the majority of patients (62.2%), musculoskeletal manifestations were of non-inflammatory nature. Overall, peripheral and axial manifestations were persistent in 85.7% and 44.6% at 1 year, respectively. The QoL at baseline and at 1 year was lower in the group with musculoskeletal manifestations compared to patients without these manifestations. Female gender and age above 40 were associated with the presence of musculoskeletal manifestations.
Conclusion
Musculoskeletal manifestations in patients with IBD are mostly non-inflammatory disorders, persist at 1 year of follow-up and occur more frequently in patients of age above 40 and female gender. Overall, patients with musculoskeletal manifestations have lower QoL compared to patients without musculoskeletal manifestations.
Expanding Use of Continuous Glucose Monitoring Beyond COVID in Critical Care: Study Protocol for a Hybrid Implementation Trial
Authors: Faulds Eileen , Lee Brooke , Rasul Amanie , Jones Laureen , McNett Molly , Exline Matthew , Shoben Abigail , Lin Chyongchiou , Madan Rushil , Dungan Kathleen
Published: April 2024

Background
Over the last 2 decades, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) has been shown to improve glycemic control and patient outcomes in the outpatient setting, yet these technologies are not approved for inpatient use. Both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, which are common in the inpatient setting, are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and hospital costs. Point-of-care (POC) glucose monitoring has been the standard of care in the hospital setting since the late 1980’s, yet POC glucose monitoring implementation remains insufficient with frequent missed testing and missed timing of testing. Capabilities inherent to CGM (e.g., continuous measurement, hypoglycemia/hyperglycemia threshold alarms, predictive hypoglycemia alarms, trend data) hold the promise of improving glycemic control, patient outcomes, and nursing burden in the inpatient setting, yet ongoing research is needed to examine both outcomes and implementation of CGM in the inpatient environment.
Methods
This mixed methods hybrid II effectiveness-implementation study will examine patient outcomes and the feasibility of CGM implementation using a CGM plus (+) POC protocol among 100 patients on IV insulin in a single Midwest academic medical center’s medical intensive care unit (MICU). In this single arm clinical trial, we are pursuing 4 research questions (RQ): RQ 1. Establish the clinical utility, fidelity, and adoption of Dexcom G6 CGM as a tool for making dosing decisions within a CGM + POC protocol among medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients; RQ2. Assess the effects of CGM implementation on nursing workload and factors influencing nursing care delivery through surveys administered to MICU nurses and through a MICU staff nurse focus group (N = 10); RQ3. To assess glycemic control among patients receiving CGM in the CGM enabled MICU compared to historical control patients who received POC glucose monitoring in the MICU; RQ4. (exploratory) To assess hospitalization outcomes and conduct economic evaluation of the costs of delivering CGM implementation in the MICU.
Discussion
This trial that combines elements of effectiveness and implementation research will provide valuable data simultaneously evaluating patient outcomes and feasibility to enable more rapid adoption of CGM as standard of care.
Trial registration:
ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03576989; Registered on 13 June 2018.
Spatial heterogeneity of viral communities across the gastrointestinal tracts of ruminants
Authors: Zhang Shizhe , Li Qiushuang , Peng Yongyi , Huo Jiabin , Ran Tao , Zhang Xiumin , Wang Rong , Jiao Jinzhen , Jiang Aoyu , Luo Guowang , Zhang Zhigang , Qiu Qiang , Li Zhipeng , Mao Shengyong , Yu Zhongtang , Tan Zhiliang , Dong Xiyang , Wang Min
Published: April 2024

Background: The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) microbiome of ruminants significantly influences their nutrition metabolism and health. Current understanding is extensive for bacterial and archaeal communities, but limited for viral communities within the GIT.
Results: We created the Ruminant Gastrointestinal Virome Catalogue (RGVC), which includes 43,981 non-redundant viral Operational Taxonomic Units (vOTUs), with 89.3% newly identified, derived from 370 samples across 10 GIT regions in seven ruminant species. The composition of viral communities is mainly influenced by the GIT regions rather than by the ruminant species. We identified 4,603 putative prokaryotic hosts across 31 bacterial and three archaeal classes for 5,954 viruses, along with significant variations across GIT regions and a strong correlation between hosts and their associated viruses. Lysogeny, constituting 45.6% of survival strategies, was more prevalent than the lytic cycle (4.08%), and the abundances of these viruses varied regionally. The lysogenic viruses encoded 1,805 auxiliary metabolic genes (AMGs) that play key roles in carbohydrates, amino acids, and other metabolisms in their hosts. The variation in AMG abundance across regions highlights the distinct viral communities and the varied virus-host interactions within the GIT.
Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive view of the spatial heterogeneity of viral communities in the ruminant GIT and indicates that this diversity is driven by the interaction of lysogenic viruses with their prokaryotic hosts through AMGs. These findings set the stage for future research into the ecological and nutritional impacts of the ruminant virome, with the potential to uncover novel roles and mechanisms in various GIT regions.
Prevalence and Risk factors of Stunting and Wasting among Under-Five-Aged Children in North Gondar Zone, Northern Ethiopia
Authors: Alula Gebre Ayanaw , Tesema Shegasew
Published: April 2024

Undernutrition is a leading cause of disease susceptibility, morbidity, and mortality in children. It is manifested in the form of stunting and wasting. Wasting is an acute form of undernutrition that indicates a recent food shortage and/or infectious diseases that lead to rapid and severe weight loss. The current study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of stunting and wasting among under-five-aged children of displaced families in the North Gondar Zone. A cross-sectional study design was conducted from January to March 2022 among the under-five-aged children of the displaced family. A total of 205 randomly selected under-five-aged children from the displaced families were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data, and the instrument was adopted from a previous study. Anthropometric measurements were carried out to determine the status of stunting and wasting. A bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to find the factors associated with stunting and wasting. The prevalence of stunting and wasting among under-five-aged children was 26.2% and 18.7%, respectively. Out of the risk factors considered in the present study, age (AOR = 3.54; 95% CI: 0.2–3.54), family monthly income (AOR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.3–7.5), eating only two meals per day (AOR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.0–6.2), and not eating farm animal products (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 0.5–1.61) were important risk factors associated with stunting. In the other way, age, family monthly income, and eating only two meals per day were significant predictors of wasting. The result showed that the prevalence is severe in the study area. Therefore, the government should work on children under two years of age, take action to solve the nutritional issues, and encourage families with low monthly incomes to eat animal products at least once a week and nutritious food at least three times a day.
Non-negative solution of a sublinear elliptic problem
Authors: Lopez-Gomez Julian , Rabinowitz Paul H. , Zanolin Fabio
Published: April 2024

In this paper the existence of solutions, $(\lambda,u)$,of the problem$$\left\lbrace\begin{array}{ll} -\D u=\l u -a(x)|u|^{p-1}u & \quad \hbox{in }\O,\\ u=0 &\quad \hbox{on}\;\;\p\O, \end{array}\right.$$is explored for $0 < p < 1$. When $p>1$, it is known that thereis an unbounded component of such solutions bifurcating from$(\s_1, 0)$, where $\s_1$ is the smallest eigenvalue of $-\D$ in$\O$ under Dirichlet boundary conditions on $\p\O$. Thesesolutions have $u \in P$, the interior of the positive cone. Thecontinuation argument usedwhen $p>1$ to keep $u \in P$fails if $0 < p < 1$. Nevertheless when $0 < p < 1$,we are still able to show that there is a component ofsolutions bifurcating from $(\s_1, \infty)$, unbounded outside ofa neighborhood of $(\s_1, \infty)$, and having $u \gneq 0$. Thisnon-negativity for $u$ cannot be improved as is shown via adetailed analysis of the simplest autonomous one-dimensionalversion of the problem: its set of non-negative solutionspossesses a countable set of components, each of them consistingof positive solutions with a fixed (arbitrary) number of bumps.Finally, the structure of these components is fully described.
Exploring the Influence of DNA Methylation and family factors on OCD and symptoms Severity: Insights into the TPH2 Gene
Authors: Wang Lina , Chen Yu , Hu Shiqi , Yu Tiangui , Liu Zhenhua , Qiao Dongdong
Published: April 2024

Objective: The etiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remains incompletely understood. Previous studies have implicated the TPH2 gene and several family factors in OCD. This study aimed to investigate the correlation of TPH2 gene methylation and family factors (parenting styles and family functioning) on OCD and its clinical severity.
Method: A total of 88 patients with OCD and 94 healthy controls were enrolled. DNA methylation levels at twelve sites in the promoter region of the TPH2 gene were measured using DNA inflight mass spectrometry system and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The severity of OCD symptoms was assessed using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Egna Minnen Barndoms Uppfostran (EMBU) and Family Assessment Device (FAD) scales were used to measure parenting styles and family functioning, respectively.
Results: DNA methylation levels of CpG site 5 were negatively correlated, and site 6 was positively associated with the onset of OCD. Further analysis revealed a positive association between DNA methylation level at CpG site 5 and a paternal-favoring parenting style as measured by the EMBU in OCD. Additionally, DNA methylation levels at CpG site 2 were positively correlated with maternal emotional warmth of EMBU but negatively correlated with the general functioning of FAD; they were also negatively correlated with compulsive behavior scores and total scores of Y-BOCS. DNA methylation levels at CpG site 1,3,8 were negatively associated with maternal emotional warmth of EMBU while positively correlated with compulsive behavior scores and total scores of Y-BOCS. Moreover, DNA methylation levels of CpG site 9, 10 and 12 were positively associated with problem-solving, total scores of Y-BOCS, and maternal emotional warmth, respectively. Obsessive thoughts were found to be negatively associated only with paternal emotional warmth of EMBU.
Conclusion: DNA methylation at different CpG sites in the promoter region of the TPH2 gene may play critical roles in the onset and progression of OCD. Parenting styles and family functioning could impact the progression of the disease, and the DNA methylation of the TPH2 gene may mediated the effect of family factors on OCD.
Process development and research on the synthesis of p-fluoronitrobenzene by halogen exchange fluorination
Authors: Jiang Xingzhi , Tian Qiang , Ma Hang , Li Yuye , Wan Banglong , Liang Mengjie , Yang Xiao
Published: April 2024

P-fluoronitrobenzene (p-FNB) belongs to the aromatic fluorine containing intermediate, which is the main raw material for the production of biology, medicine, pesticides, and dyes.Over the years, the synthesis methods and technological development of p-fluoronitrobenzene have garnered widespread attention from the industrial and academic sectors, thanks to its high biological activity, low toxicity, outstanding performance, high added value, and low energy consumption. In this study, the halogen exchange fluorination method was employed to synthesize p-fluoronitrobenzene using p-chloronitrobenzene as the starting material. Through the action of phase transfer catalyst, the effects of process parameters such as reaction temperature, reaction time, type and amount of fluorinating agent, type and amount of catalyst, and solvent type were investigated and optimized. The main factors influencing the conversion rate of p-chloronitrobenzene and the yield of p-fluoronitrobenzene product were examined.Experimental results show that using highly active potassium fluoride as the fluorinating agent, with an equivalent ratio of 1.75 to p-chloronitrobenzene, and using tetramethylammonium chloride as the phase transfer catalyst, with a dosage of 4.5% relative to p-chloronitrobenzene, and using DMF as the solvent, the conversion rate and yield of the fluorination reaction can reach 97.86% and 91.58%, respectively, after a 15-hour reaction at 150°C. Under these process conditions, the fluorination reaction exhibits excellent performance and shows good reproducibility in scale-up experiments.
Identification and potential mechanism of a novel gastric cancer suppressor tRF-24- 6VR8K09LE9
Authors: Tang Yelan , Qi Qianyi , Feng Wei , Ju Shaoqing , Jing Rongrong , Zong Wei
Published: April 2024

Background
One of the most common gastrointestinal tumors is gastric cancer (GC), which has a high lethality and a poor prognosis. Traditional markers are relatively limited in detecting the development and prognosis of GC. Recently, it was discovered that mature tRNAs, which are expressed differently in a variety of malignancies, give rise to a novel class of tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs).
Methods
In this study, we investigated the role of short RNAs produced from tRNA in GC and possible therapeutic uses. edgeR was used to screen the differentially expressed tsRNAs from the TCGA database and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to verify the levels of tsRNAs in GC samples. Sanger sequencing, agarose gel electrophoresis, and freeze-thaw experiments have been utilized to assess its stability in serum samples. The association between tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 and clinicopathological features was investigated by the Chi-square test. Diagnostic effectiveness is assessed by Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Furthermore, mechanistic studies were performed to explore tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 regulating the malignant progression of GC through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Results
tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 down-regulated in GC was confirmed by detecting serum samples from 114 patients with gastric cancer, 40 patients with gastritis and 100 normal controls. The Chi-square test displayed that tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 was highly related to differentiation grade (P = 0.029), T-stage (P = 0.036), lymph node status (P = 0.036), TNM staging (P < 0.0001), and neurological/vascular invasion (P = 0.033).The ROC curve indicated that tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 is more effective than the current diagnostic markers for GC. Furthermore, mechanistic studies verified that tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 affected the malignant progression of GC through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Conclusions
tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 can be served as a molecular marker for early GC auxiliary diagnosis. Over-expression of tRF-24-6VR8K09LE9 inhibits the malignant progression of GC, which may provide a new strategy for the adjuvant treatment of GC.
The characteristics of dyslipidemia among children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province, China
Authors: Zou Yan , Huang Li-chun , Zhao Dong , He Meng-jie , Han Dan , Su Danting , Xu Peiwei , Zhang Ronghua
Published: April 2024

Background Children with dyslipidemia may lead to early onset atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and even life-threatening. However, few studies have determined the characteristics of dyslipidemia among children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province, and few studies have investigated the correlations of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and diet as well as sleep time. Methods This study included children and adolescents aged 6–17 years who participated in provincial nutrition surveillance, which was including 90 counties (cities and districts) in Zhejiang Province with provincial representative. Food consumption was assessed using three consecutive days of 24-h dietary recall. Blood sample were collected to detect the concentration of TG, TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C. Results The prevalence of elevated TG, elevated TC, low HDL-C, elevated LDL-C and dyslipidemia was 17.1%, 10.1%, 5.5%, 4.0% and 23% among children and adolescents aged 6–17 years, respectively. TG was negatively correlated with egg intake and sleep time of study days(Spearman’s rho=-0.125, -0.057, P < 0.001). TC was positively correlated with livestock and poultry meat intake and egg intake, but negaviley correlated to legume intake (Spearman’s rho = 0.077, 0.093 and − 0.162, P < 0.001). HDL-C was positively correlated with egg intake, sleep time of study days, and sleep time of rest days, but negaviley correlated to legume intake (Spearman’s rho = 0.108, 0.065, 0.082 and − 0.119, P < 0.001). LDL-C was positively correlated with livestock and poultry meat intake and dairy intake, but negatively correlated to legume intake (Spearman’s rho = 0.131, 0.11, and − 0.118, P < 0.001). There were significant difference of TG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and dyslipidemia prevalence among children with or without obesity/overweight(chiquare = 46.309, 9.836, 54.99, 30.436, and 56.631, P < 0.001). Ordinal regression shows that the gender, agegroup, Obesity/Overweight, Sleep time of study days(h) > = 8 were associated with critical /abnormal TG(χ2 = 541.619, p < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of dyslipidemia was high among children and adolescents. Children and adolescents with obesity/overweight and with short sleep time were associated with dyslipidemia .
RETRACTED: Quanano: Pioneering Quantum-inspired Computing Paradigms
Authors: Krishna Y. Charan
Published: April 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Explaining Multiple Types of Crash Injury Severity Predictions with Layer-wise Relevance Propagation in Multi-task Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Xiao Yuanyuan , Duan Zongtao , Lei Peiying
Published: April 2024

Accurately predicting the severity of traffic accidents is crucial for preventing them and safeguarding traffic safety. Practitioners need to understand the underlying predictive mechanisms to identify associated risk factors and develop appropriate interventions effectively. Unfortunately, existing research often falls short in predicting diverse outcomes, with some studies neglecting the latter entirely. Moreover, designing explainable deep neural networks (DNNs) is challenging, unlike traditional models, which makes it difficult to achieve explainability with DNNs that incorporate neural networks. We propose a multi-task deep neural network framework designed to predict different types of injury severity, including injury, fatality, and property damage. Our proposed approach offers a thorough and precise method for analyzing crash injury severity. Unlike black-box models, our framework can pinpoint the critical factors contributing to injury severity by employing improved layer-wise relevance propagation. Experiments on Chinese traffic accidents demonstrate that our model accurately predicts the factors associated with injury severity and surpasses existing methods. Moreover, our experiments reveal that the critical factors identified by our approach are more logical and informative compared to those provided by baseline models. Additionally, our findings can assist policymakers make more enlightened decisions when devising and implementing improvements in traffic safety.
WITHDRAWN: Implementation of Encryption Algorithms in Classical and Quantum Computing: A comparative Analysis
Authors: Akshay Jayavrinda Vrindavanam , Narayanan Anirudh , N Chandrashekar , Kamath Gaurav , R Akshay M
Published: April 2024

In the overall context of enhanced application of quantum computing into multitude of areas, the paper explores and implements classical encryption algorithms both in traditional and quantum computing environments. Towards this, the classical encryption algorithms such as Blowfish, RSA and ECC are executed in both classical and quantum environments. The result shows that the key generated in the classical hardware is limited to 64-bit as envisaged; the quantum key is generated found to be complex as the instruction set changes from classical instruction set to quantum instruction set. Further, the additional factor of randomness in quantum computing increases the security of the cipher text, which is transmitted over the internet, showing insights for practical applications.
Authenticity in Authorship: The Writer's Integrity Framework for Verifying Human-Generated Text
Authors: Aburass Sanad , Rumman Maha Abu
Published: April 2024

The "Writer's Integrity" framework introduces a paradigm shift in maintaining the sanctity of human-generated text in the realms of academia, research, and publishing. This innovative system circumvents the shortcomings of current AI detection tools by monitoring the writing process, rather than the product, capturing the distinct behavioral footprint of human authorship. Here, we offer a comprehensive examination of the framework, its development, and empirical results. We highlight its potential in revolutionizing the validation of human intellectual work, emphasizing its role in upholding academic integrity and intellectual property rights in the face of sophisticated AI models capable of emulating human-like text. This paper also discusses the implementation considerations, addressing potential user concerns regarding ease of use and privacy, and outlines a business model for tech companies to monetize the framework effectively. Through licensing, partnerships, and subscriptions, companies can cater to universities, publishers, and independent writers, ensuring the preservation of original thought and effort in written content. This framework is open source and available here, https://github.com/sanadv/Integrity.github.io
Development of a Composite Board for Ceiling Tiles from Sawdust, Waste Paper and Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate
Authors: Tekle Gebre Michealay , Tsegaw Assefa Asmare , Zelalem Yilikal Azene
Published: April 2024

The construction industry is currently dealing with the task of finding consistent building materials. This study presents an advancement in construction materials through the development of a composite board tailored for ceiling applications. The board is engineered using waste materials by the coating method, in which sawdust and waste paper mixed with epoxy are sandwiched between two layers of recycled polyethylene terephthalate. It exhibited better properties, including a flexural strength of 4.42 MPa, minimal water absorption of 1%, low thermal conductivity, and a lightweight profile. Through a comprehensive comparative analysis of numerous composite boards studied before, the composite board emerges as the better choice across a spectrum of performance metrics. Leveraging waste materials in its formulation aligns with the principles of resource sustainability and a circular economy. The composite board's performance offered a promising solution to address environmental demands in contemporary construction practices. This highlighted the potential for waste materials to redefine the industry's landscape.
Change in Water Quality due to Unfertile Saline Soil
Authors: Ali Faraz
Published: April 2024

The unequivocal necessity of potable water for sustaining life notwithstanding, a discernible global trend indicates a worrisome deterioration in the quality of drinking water on a worldwide scale. Hence, this inquiry was undertaken to evaluate the potability of water extracted from aquifers surrounded by waterlogged soil. Ten samples were procured from hand pumps situated in the vicinity of waterlogged and saline soil, subsequently subjected to comprehensive laboratory analysis at a water testing facility. The investigation encompassed an assessment of various water quality parameters, including calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, color, and odor, in accordance with WHO guidelines. Standardized methodologies were strictly adhered to for the qualitative assessment of water. The findings unveiled that several physicochemical parameters in hand pump samples from saline soil surpassed permissible thresholds. Specifically, 89% of samples exhibited chloride concentrations exceeding WHO limits. Moreover, levels of total hardness (TH), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), calcium (Ca), SO4 and magnesium (Mg) exceeded recommended thresholds in 45%, 67%, 68%, 44%, 31%, and 37% of groundwater samples, respectively.. Additionally, more than 67% of water samples were reported to have a bitter taste. In conclusion, the findings underscore that water in saline soil is contaminated and unsuitable for human consumption.
Current-Sensorless Robust Sliding Mode Control for the DC-DC Boost Converter
Authors: Oucheriah Said
Published: April 2024

A current-sensorless PWM-based robust sliding mode controller is proposed for the DC-DC Boost Converter, a nonminimum phase system that presents major challenges in the design of stabilizing controllers. The development of the controller requires the measurement of the output voltage and the estimation of its derivative. An extended state observer is used to estimate a lumped uncertainty that comprises the uncertain load and input voltage and also to estimate the derivative of the output voltage. A linear sliding surface is used to derive the controller that is simple in its design and yet exhibits excellent features in term of external disturbance suppression. Its robustness is validated by computer simulations using a converter example from a recent study. Future work will be the validation of these results experimentally.
The Geometry of Language: Analyzing Input Complexity and Transformation Matrices in Large Language Models
Authors: Agnihotri Rudransh , Pandey Ankit
Published: April 2024

In the evolving landscape of Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4, the effectiveness of methodologies like In-Context Learning (ICL) and the "Chain of Thought" (CoT) has been recognized for enhancing AI comprehension and interaction. These approaches align with prompt engineering principles—emphasizing clarity, role-prompting, and structured prompt design to reduce grammatical complexity and use familiar language, thus improving LLMs' interpretative accuracy and response consistency. Our study introduces a mathematical framework to conceptualize LLM parameters as transformation matrices, interpreting textual complexities into high-dimensional vector spaces. This framework helps understand how prompt structure affects LLM performance by categorizing prompts from simple to complex and examining their impact on the intrinsic dimensionality of LLMs.Findings show a direct correlation between prompt complexity and LLM intrinsic dimensionality. Simple sentences lead to lower dimensionality (11.78, 9.99, and 9.60 for models of 7B, 13B, and 33B respectively), while grammatical complexity increases it (12.08, 14.08, and 12.70), and linguistic complexity yields lower or comparable values. Oue research bridges the knowledge gap on the mechanics behind ICL and CoT's efficacy, offering strategies to optimize LLM capabilities. It provides a fresh perspective on LLM behaviors and underscore the critical role of prompt design in maximizing the potential of these powerful computational tools across various applications.
Research on temperature distribution in container ship with Type-B LNG fuel tank based on CFD and analytical method
Authors:   College of Shipbuilding Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin 150001, China, Liu Jinfeng , Feng Guoqing , Wang Jiaying , Wu Tianwei , Xu Chen , Yang Kai ,   Hudong-Zhonghua Shipbuilding (Group) CO., Ltd., Shanghai 200129, China,   China Classification Society Harbin Branch, Harbin 150070, China
Published: April 2024

The liquefied natural gas (LNG) fuel tank in a large container ship is loaded with liquid LNG at an ultra-low temperature (-163°C), there is a significant temperature difference in the cargo hold area where the entire fuel tank is located, which will have an important impact on the steel grade design and structural safety of the cargo tank in container ship. This paper develops two heat transfer models using Computational Fluid Dynamics method (CFD method) and an analytical method to analyze the temperature distribution in a large container ship equipped with Type-B LNG fuel tank. These models incorporate the arrangement and heat transfer characteristics of LNG fuel tanks. The temperature field analysis is conducted under typical the environmental conditions specified in the Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Transporting Liquefied Gas in Bulk (IGC Code) and the United States Coast Guard Code (USCG Code), based on the CFD method and the analytical method, and the results of temperature field distribution are compared. Additionally, a parametric analysis of the hull temperature field is further carried out, the results show that the thermal conductivity of the insulation layer in LNG storage tanks and the types of the loaded liquid cargo have a limited impact on the final temperature field distribution in hull structure. However, the selection of steel grade in the local structure of the cargo hold, especially in the inner hull part, may lead to significant changes.
MTEs and revisit intention: The mediating role of destination attachment and sharing experiences on social media
Authors: Vien Vu Van , Hao Hoang Van , Thu Nguyen Hoai
Published: April 2024

The study aims to investigate the role of destination attachment and sharing travel experiences on social media in the relationship between memorable tourism experiences (MTEs) and revisit intention. This study focused on Ha Long Bay, Vietnam, with limited research on predicting tourists’ intentions to revisit this destination. The self-administered questionnaire survey is applied to analyze the relationship between the variables and verify the hypotheses based on the collected 578 valid responses. The structural equation modeling was employed to test the relationships in the research model with SPSS 24.0 and SmartPLS 4.0. The results show that MTEs significantly and directly influence tourists’ intention to revisit a destination. MTEs also have a direct impact on destination attachment and sharing travel experiences on social media. Furthermore, the findings also prove that destination attachment and sharing travel experiences on social media directly affect revisit intention. It is worth noting that they act as intermediaries in the relationship between MTEs and tourists’ intentions to revisit a destination. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of tourists’ intentions to revisit and offers theoretical and practical implications.
Educação superior e prática docente: Interlocuções com professores (as) de um curso de direito no período pandêmico
Authors: Trevisol Marcio , Mello Regina Oneda , Lesnieski Marlon Sandro
Published: April 2024

A expansão da educação superior, sobretudo, nas últimas três décadas tem colocado como pano de fundo a preocupação com a formação dos professores. Nesse contexto, a pesquisa se estrutura a partir do problema investigativo: como os(as) professores(as) do curso de Bacharelado em Direito de uma Universidade Comunitária de Santa Catarina percebem a importância da formação continuada para sua atividade docente? O objetivo é analisar a percepção dos professores relativa à formação continuada e suas práticas docentes, tendo em vista o cenário pandêmico. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, descritiva e interpretativa e com abordagem analítica. Foram ouvidos sete professores por meio da técnica de grupo focal. Os dados coletados foram organizados no software Atlas TI e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin (1977), considerando-se as seguintes categorias: curso e identificação, aulas on-line e pandemia, movimentos da competência, metodologias ativas, formação docente e expectativas. Os resultados evidenciam que os participantes apresentam fragilidades pedagógicas que podem ser “melhoradas” com programas de formação continuada e que a pandemia da Covid-19 desestabilizou os processos de ensino-aprendizagem, dificultando a avaliação e o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas que motivem os estudantes a participarem das aulas.
Experiências epistêmico-metodológicas: Questões sobre o campo e o ensino de metodologia da pesquisa científica na formação jurídica
Authors: Almeida Neto Antonio Lopes , Cardoso Fernando da Silva
Published: April 2024

O objetivo da presente investigação consiste em compreender quais as posturas e interpretações epistêmico-metodológicas que podem ser suscitadas diante do campo de pesquisa e fenômenos sociais. Para tanto, lançamos mão de alguns argumentos construídos a partir do ensino de metodologia científica no ensino jurídico. De natureza dialética, nos detemos a problematizar a produção de conhecimento, sobretudo em sua dimensão crítica, conferindo dada interpretação e sentido à produção do saber. Os resultados alcançados remetem à identificação da 'decidibilidade' enquanto cercamento científico da criatividade nas pesquisas jurídico-sociais. Ainda, quanto à necessidade de as pesquisas jurídicas serem organizadas a partir de pressupostos e técnicas que permitam maior fluidez das investigações. Por fim, propomos uma metáfora alternativa à matriz epistemológica e metodológica ligada à mera decidibilidade, contemplando os movimentos de territorialização e desterritorialização das pesquisas e do pesquisador.
O uso do Whatsapp como recurso didático-pedagógico nas escolas de educação básica
Authors: Negrão Manoel Maria Silva , Neuenfeldt Derli Juliano
Published: April 2024

O cenário apresentado de março de 2020, com o contexto da pandemia da COVID-19, fez com que muitos professores se desafiassem em aulas online, via aplicativos de mensagens instantâneas, destacando-se o WhatsApp. Este estudo, tem por objetivo apresentar e refletir sobre o estado da arte do uso do WhatsApp como recurso didático-pedagógico na Educação Básica. Para tanto, realizou-se o levantamento bibliográfico em teses, dissertações e artigos, no período de 2016 a 2021, nos catálogos da Capes, Google Acadêmico e Portal Scielo. O estado da arte atua como um mapa que proporciona ao pesquisador não se perder no caminho e nem ir por caminhos já traçados em demasia (ROMANOWSKY; ENS, 2006). Foram selecionadas 16 produções científicas. O principal critério para chegarmos a essas dezesseis produções, 10 dissertações e 6 artigos, foi o estudo selecionado descrever experiência da prática pedagógica do professor com alunos, utilizando grupos de WhatsApp, em atuação numa escola no Brasil, na Educação Básica. Quanto às vantagens do uso do aplicativo em ambiente escolar, verificou-se que proporciona maior motivação e participação dos alunos nas atividades, mas, constata-se a necessidade de planejamento e mediação pedagógica constante, caso contrário pode-se não atingir os objetivos educacionais propostos.
As principais políticas públicas de inclusão para as pessoas com deficiência, e suas possibilidades inclusivas ao contexto escolar
Authors: Leite Madson Marcio de Farias
Published: April 2024

O presente estudo apresentara as políticas públicas que contribuem com diversos aspectos da vida das pessoas que foram acometidas por alguma deficiência, no caso específico da pesquisa as pessoas com síndrome de down. Diante o exposto a pesquisa descreve como objetivo as principais políticas públicas de inclusão as pessoas com síndrome de down, buscando possibilidades inclusivas ao contexto escolar, e assim, descrevendo aspectos ligados ao favorecimento obtidos através dessas políticas nos diversos contextos sociais. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, buscando através de uma base teórica ancorada nas leis, decretos e artigos que enfatizam sobre as principais políticas públicas que destacam em seus preceitos a garantia dos direitos as pessoas com deficiência. Portanto a pesquisa concluiu que é através da efetivação das políticas públicas inclusivas, que as pessoas com deficiência poderão de fato buscar através das leis a efetivação de seus direitos e assim possam viver de forma igualitária a qualquer sujeito sem nenhuma deficiência. Dessa forma as políticas públicas inclusivas que buscam implementar através dos seus descritos um favorecimento aqueles que foram acometidos com alguma deficiência, acabam se tornando um fundamento de fortalecimento e avanços no processo de desenvolvimento de forma integral a todas as pessoas com deficiência.
Palavras- chave: Políticas Públicas. Inclusão. Síndrome de Down. Escola
Inserção de realidade aumentada no ensino de matemática: Uma revisão sistemática de literatura
Authors: Souza Lana Priscila , Jucá Sandro César Silveira
Published: April 2024

Este artigo apresenta uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RSL) que objetivou conhecer algumas das pesquisas realizadas e publicadas na forma de artigo sobre aplicação e inserção de Realidade Aumentada (RA) no contexto de ensino de Matemática. Tendo como base de dados o Portal de Periódicos da CAPES, o Google Acadêmico e a plataforma SCIELO, a RSL destaca quinze pesquisas realizadas no período de 2012 a 2022 que atendem aos critérios pré-estabelecidos. Os resultados revelam que a maioria dos trabalhos realizados se relaciona com o tópico Geometria Espacial e que existe uma grande preocupação dos pesquisadores com os componentes motivação, interesse e satisfação dos alunos.
Leitura e escrita: As dificuldades e desafios no processo de ensino e aprendizagem no 5° ano do ensino fundamental
Authors: Lobato Valdinéia Amorim , Custódio Elivaldo Serrão
Published: April 2024

A leitura e a escrita são habilidades imprescindíveis para uma aprendizagem satisfatória na vida escolar do aluno. Diante deste contexto, o presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar o olhar da realidade vivenciada por uma professora e de cinco alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma Escola Municipal de Macapá–AP. A fundamentação teórica ofereceu embasamento para a condução da pesquisa, proporcionando subsídios que contribuíram significativamente para a reflexão sobre questões relativas à compreensão das dificuldades de aprendizagem na leitura e escrita. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa através de estudo de caso que utilizou como instrumento de coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada aplicada a professora do 5º ano e observação direta com quatro alunos que apresentam dificuldades de leitura e escrita. Os resultados apontam que para solucionar as dificuldades, faz-se necessário um esforço conjunto de toda equipe escolar, assim como uma prática pedagógica diferenciada para que ao final de cada ano o aluno tenha adquirido as habilidades e competências necessárias para prosseguir nos estudos.
Avaliação Formativa na Perspectiva de Professores do Noroeste do Paraná
Authors: Dos Santos Andressa Barbosa , Moreira Ana Lúcia Olivo Rosas
Published: April 2024

A avaliação formativa consiste em um processo indispensável à aprendizagem, por se configurar pela regulação do processo de ensino, a partir de informações coletadas a respeito dos conhecimentos dos estudantes. Considerando a influência das concepções dos professores em sua prática pedagógica, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar o relato de quarenta e nove professores a respeito da finalidade da avaliação no contexto escolar por meio de Análise de Conteúdo. Observa-se que trinta e dois professores fizeram referência aos elementos da avaliação formativa em sua explicação, sendo que a maior parte, representada por dezesseis, encontra-se no nível básico de compreensão, apresentando em seu relato referências à avaliação como parte do processo de ensino e aprendizagem, a alguma etapa específica da avaliação formativa, à autoavaliação, ao reconhecimento de dificuldades no processo avaliativo e aos objetivos de aprendizagem. No relato dos demais professores não houve referência a quaisquer elementos da avaliação formativa. Conclui-se que, para uma prática avaliativa mais coerente com os objetivos educacionais com vistas à formação global dos indivíduos, os conceitos, finalidades, instrumentos e sujeitos da avaliação formativa devem ser explorados de forma intencional e sistematizada na formação inicial e continuada de professores.
A validated reverse-phase LC-MS/MS method for the analysis of haloacetic acids in drinking water: supporting the transition from HAA5 to HAA9
Authors: Grundy Polly L. , Jarvis Peter R. , Jefferson Bruce , Fawell John , Haley John A. , Goslan Emma H.
Published: April 2024

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are potentially toxic by-products formed from interactions between organic matter and chlorine during disinfection of drinking water, with brominated HAAs forming when bromide is present. Some countries require monitoring of drinking water for five HAAs, but there is increasing health concern related to the more toxic brominated HAAs and monitoring of nine HAAs (HAA9) is becoming more widespread. However, existing methods of analysis for HAA9 are often sub-optimal, involving complex derivatisation steps and/or long analytical run times. This article presents an improved methodology utilising reverse-phase liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for which sample preparation involves simple pH adjustment and the analytical run takes 10 min. The efficacy of the method was demonstrated by a full validation across four drinking water matrices with good sensitivity (<0.8 μg/L), precision (<7%), and bias (<10%) observed. A direct comparison using real water samples was performed against the widely used existing gas chromatography method. The new LC-MS/MS method was significantly quicker and easier and demonstrated improved performance in terms of accuracy and precision. This has implications for understanding the risk posed by HAAs in chlorinated water by eliminating the possible historical under-estimates of the levels of the more toxic brominated compounds.
Daily reservoir inflow prediction using stacking ensemble of machine learning algorithms
Authors: Deb Deepjyoti , Arunachalam Vasan , Raju K. Srinivasa
Published: April 2024

The present study aims to evaluate the potentiality of Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM), Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), and Random Forest (RF) for predicting daily inflows to the Sri Ram Sagar Project (SRSP), Telangana, India. Inputs to the model are rainfall, evaporation, time lag inflows, and climate indices. Seven combinations (S1–S7) of inputs were made. Fifteen and a half years of data were considered, out of which 11 years were used for training. Hyperparameter tuning is performed with the Tree-Structured Parzen Estimator. The performance of the algorithms is assessed using Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE). Results indicate that Bi-LSTM with combination S7 performed better than others, as evident from KGE values of 0.92 and 0.87 during the training and testing, respectively. Furthermore, the Stacking Ensemble Mechanism (SEM) has also been employed to ascertain its efficacy over other chosen algorithms, resulting in KGE values of 0.94 and 0.89 during training and testing. It has also been able to simulate peak inflow events satisfactorily. Thus, SEM is a better alternative for reservoir inflow predictions.
Characterization and applicability of the Naima–Tiaret–Algeria illite-montmorillonite clay for methylene blue dye removal: adsorption kinetic, isotherm and thermodynamic studies
Authors: Mohamed Taibi , Nadjia Laouedj , Abdelkader Dellal , Abdelkader Elaziouti , Abderrahmane Belghazi , Bilal Zorgi
Published: April 2024

An illite-montmorillonite clay from Naima, IMN (Algeria) was treated via physical and chemical treatment (TIMN) and investigated for the removal of methylene blue. IMN and TIMN clays were characterized by XRD, XRF, SEM-EDS, DSC-TG, FTIR and DC electrical conductivity methods. To analyze the sorption behavior of MB on the clays, a mechanistic model for interpreting the sorption data was developed. IMN clay revealed high sorption capacity (1.925 × 10−2 kg kg−1) for MB in 60 min. The pseudo-second-order model had a very good agreement to describe the MB adsorption process. The adsorption capacities, qe,exp, of 4.327 × 10−2 and 4.914 × 10−2 kg kg−1 for IMN and TIMN, respectively, were obtained. The free energy from the D–R model from adsorbing MB using IMN and TIMN ranged from 1.581 to 0.745 × 10−3J mol−1, respectively, suggesting that the process is physisorption. Besides, the sorption process was more sensible to temperatures that increase was beyond 40 °C causing a decrease in adsorption capacity, indicating that the adsorption reaction of MB onto IMN was exothermic. The adsorption mechanism of I/M clay to remove MB was likely based on hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction, cation exchange and n–π interaction. These results proved that TIMN was a promising adsorbent for removing MB from simulated wastewater.