bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil Moisture from Fusion of Scatterometer and SAR: Closing the Scale Gap with Temporal Filtering
Authors: Bauer-Marschallinger Bernhard , Paulik Christoph , Hochstöger Simon , Mistelbauer Thomas , Modanesi Sara , Ciabatta Luca , Massari Christian , Brocca Luca , Wagner Wolfgang
Published: June 2018

Soil moisture is a key environmental variable, important to e.g., farmers, meteorologists, and disaster management units. We fuse surface soil moisture (SSM) estimates from spatio-temporally complementary radar sensors through temporal filtering of their joint signal and obtain a kilometre-scale, daily soil water content product named SCATSAR-SWI. With 25 km Metop ASCAT SSM and 1 km Sentinel-1 SSM serving as input, the SCATSAR-SWI is globally applicable and achieves daily full coverage over operated areas. We employ a near-real-time-capable SCATSAR-SWI algorithm on a fused 3 year ASCAT-Sentinel-1-SSM data cube over Italy, obtaining a consistent set of model parameters, unperturbed by coverage discontinuities. An evaluation of a therefrom generated SCATSAR-SWI dataset, involving a 1 km Soil Water Balance Model (SWBM) over Umbria, yields comprehensively high agreement with the reference data (median R = 0.61 vs. in situ; 0.71 vs. model; 0.83 vs. ASCAT SSM). While the Sentinel-1 signal is attenuated to some extent, the ASCAT’s signal dynamics are fully transferred to the SCATSAR-SWI and benefit from the Sentinel-1 parametrisation. Using the SM2RAIN approach, the SCATSAR-SWI shows excellent capability to reproduce 5 day-accumulated rainfall over Italy, with R = 0.89 against observed rainfall. The SCATSAR-SWI is currently in preparation towards operational product dissemination in the Copernicus Global Land Service (CGLS).
An Innovative Diagnostic Film for Structural Health Monitoring of Metallic and Composite Structures
Authors: Bekas Dimitrios G. , Sharif-Khodaei Zahra , Aliabadi M.H. Ferri
Published: June 2018

A novel lightweight diagnostic film with sensors/actuators and a multiple-path wiring option using inkjet printing was developed. The diagnostic film allows for systematic, accurate, and repeatable sensor placement. Furthermore, the film is highly flexible and adaptable for placement on complex configurations. The film can be attached to the surface of the structure through a uniform secondary boundary procedure or embedded within the composite layup during curing. The surface-mounted film can simply be peeled off for repair or replacement without scratching or damaging the part. The film offers significant weight reduction compared to other available technologies. A set of extreme temperature, altitude, and vibration environment test profiles were carried out following the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics (RTCA) DO-160 document to assess the durability and performance of the diagnostic film for onboard application. The diagnostic film was shown to be durable and reliable in withstanding the variable operational and harsh environmental conditions of tests representing the conditions of regional aircraft.
Adaptive Noise Reduction Algorithm to Improve R Peak Detection in ECG Measured by Capacitive ECG Sensors
Authors: Seo Minseok , Choi Minho , Lee Jun Seong , Kim Sang Woo
Published: June 2018

Electrocardiograms (ECGs) can be conveniently obtained using capacitive ECG sensors. However, motion noise in measured ECGs can degrade R peak detection. To reduce noise, properties of reference signal and ECG measured by the sensors are analyzed and a new method of active noise cancellation (ANC) is proposed in this study. In the proposed algorithm, the original ECG signal at QRS interval is regarded as impulsive noise because the adaptive filter updates its weight as if impulsive noise is added. As the proposed algorithm does not affect impulsive noise, the original signal is not reduced during ANC. Therefore, the proposed algorithm can conserve the power of the original signal within the QRS interval and reduce only the power of noise at other intervals. The proposed algorithm was verified through comparisons with recent research using data from both indoor and outdoor experiments. The proposed algorithm will benefit a noise reduction of noisy biomedical signal measured from sensors.
Response Time to a Vibrotactile Stimulus Presented on the Foot at Rest and During Walking on Different Surfaces
Authors: Chapwouo Tchakouté Landry Delphin , Tremblay Louis , Menelas Bob-Antoine J.
Published: June 2018

This study investigates the simple reaction time (SRT) and response time (RT) to a vibrotactile stimulus presented on two body locations at the lower extremity of the foot on different types of surface during walking. We determined RTs while walking on Concrete, Foam, Sand, and gravel surface. Also, for RT, we evaluated two vibrotactile stimulus (VS) locations on the lower extremity: the ankle (AL) and under the foot plantar (FP). A total of 21 young adult participants (n = 21), aged mean 24 ± 2.9 years, took part in a two-session experiment with two main conditions (at rest and while walking on four types of surface). The control session included 2016 repeated measures, with one-way and two-way ANOVA analyses. The findings have consistently revealed slowness of RT to VS, in particular on sand and gravel surface. In addition, we found that body location has a significant effect on RT in certain surfaces. These results showed that RTs increased with environment changes during the performance of dual tasks.
A Novel Approach for Mapping Wheat Areas Using High Resolution Sentinel-2 Images
Authors: Nasrallah Ali , Baghdadi Nicolas , Mhawej Mario , Faour Ghaleb , Darwish Talal , Belhouchette Hatem , Darwich Salem
Published: June 2018

Global wheat production reached 754.8 million tons in 2017, according to the FAO database. While wheat is considered as a staple food for many populations across the globe, mapping wheat could be an effective tool to achieve the SDG2 sustainable development goal—End Hunger and Secure Food Security. In Lebanon, this crop is supported financially, and sometimes technically, by the Lebanese government. However, there is a lack of statistical databases, at both national and regional scales, as well as critical information much needed in the subsidy and compensation system. In this context, this study proposes an innovative approach, named Simple and Effective Wheat Mapping Approach (SEWMA), to map the winter wheat areas grown in the Bekaa plain, the primary wheat production area in Lebanon, in the years of 2016 and 2017. The proposed methodology is a tree-like approach relying on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values of four-month period that coincides with several phenological stages of wheat (i.e., tillering, stem extension, heading, flowering and ripening). The usage of the freely available Sentinel-2 imageries, with a high spatial (10 m) and temporal (5 days) resolutions, was necessary, particularly due to the small sized and overlapped plots encountered in the study area. Concerning the wheat areas, results show that there was a decrease from 11,063 ± 1309 ha in 2016 to 7605 ± 1184 in 2017. When SEWMA was applied using 2016 ground truth data, the overall accuracy reached 87.0% on 2017 data, whereas, when implemented using 2017 ground truth data, the overall accuracy was 82.6% on 2016 data. The novelty resides in executing early classification output (up to six weeks before harvest) as well as distinguishing wheat from other winter cereal crops with similar NDVI yearly profiles (i.e., barley and triticale). SEWMA offers a simple, yet effective and budget-saving approach providing early-season classification information, very crucial to decision support systems and the Lebanese government concerning, but not limited to, food production, trade, management and agricultural financial support.
Automated Method for Discrimination of Arrhythmias Using Time, Frequency, and Nonlinear Features of Electrocardiogram Signals
Authors: Hajeb-Mohammadalipour Shirin , Ahmadi Mohsen , Shahghadami Reza , Chon Ki H.
Published: June 2018

We developed an automated approach to differentiate between different types of arrhythmic episodes in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, because, in real-life scenarios, a software application does not know in advance the type of arrhythmia a patient experiences. Our approach has four main stages: (1) Classification of ventricular fibrillation (VF) versus non-VF segments—including atrial fibrillation (AF), ventricular tachycardia (VT), normal sinus rhythm (NSR), and sinus arrhythmias, such as bigeminy, trigeminy, quadrigeminy, couplet, triplet—using four image-based phase plot features, one frequency domain feature, and the Shannon entropy index. (2) Classification of AF versus non-AF segments. (3) Premature ventricular contraction (PVC) detection on every non-AF segment, using a time domain feature, a frequency domain feature, and two features that characterize the nonlinearity of the data. (4) Determination of the PVC patterns, if present, to categorize distinct types of sinus arrhythmias and NSR. We used the Massachusetts Institute of Technology-Beth Israel Hospital (MIT-BIH) arrhythmia database, Creighton University’s VT arrhythmia database, the MIT-BIH atrial fibrillation database, and the MIT-BIH malignant ventricular arrhythmia database to test our algorithm. Binary decision tree (BDT) and support vector machine (SVM) classifiers were used in both stage 1 and stage 3. We also compared our proposed algorithm’s performance to other published algorithms. Our VF detection algorithm was accurate, as in balanced datasets (and unbalanced, in parentheses) it provided an accuracy of 95.1% (97.1%), sensitivity of 94.5% (91.1%), and specificity of 94.2% (98.2%). The AF detection was accurate, as the sensitivity and specificity in balanced datasets (and unbalanced, in parentheses) were found to be 97.8% (98.6%) and 97.21% (97.1%), respectively. Our PVC detection algorithm was also robust, as the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were found to be 99% (98.1%), 98.0% (96.2%), and 98.4% (99.4%), respectively, for balanced and (unbalanced) datasets.
Passive Location Resource Scheduling Based on an Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Jiang Jianjun , Zhang Jing , Zhang Lijia , Ran Xiaomin , Tang Yanqun
Published: June 2018

With the development of science and technology, modern communication scenarios have put forward higher requirements for passive location technology. However, current location systems still use manual scheduling methods and cannot meet the current mission-intensive and widely-distributed scenarios, resulting in inefficient task completion. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method called multi-objective, multi-constraint and improved genetic algorithm-based scheduling (MMIGAS), contributing a centralized combinatorial optimization model with multiple objectives and multiple constraints and conceiving an improved genetic algorithm. First, we establish a basic mathematical framework based on the structure of a passive location system. Furthermore, to balance performance with respect to multiple measures and avoid low efficiency, we propose a multi-objective optimal function including location accuracy, completion rate and resource utilization. Moreover, to enhance its practicability, we formulate multiple constraints for frequency, resource capability and task cooperation. For model solving, we propose an improved genetic algorithm with better convergence speed and global optimization ability, by introducing constraint-proof initialization, a penalty function and a modified genetic operator. Simulations indicate the good astringency, steady time complexity and satisfactory location accuracy of MMIGAS. Moreover, compared with manual scheduling, MMIGAS can improve the efficiency while maintaining high location precision.
An Accurate Bioimpedance Measurement System for Blood Pressure Monitoring
Authors: Huynh Toan , Jafari Roozbeh , Chung Wan-Young
Published: June 2018

One potential method to estimate noninvasive cuffless blood pressure (BP) is through measurement of pulse wave velocity (PWV), which can be characterized by measuring the distance and the transit time of the pulse between two arterial sites. To obtain the pulse waveform, bioimpedance (BI) measurement is a promising approach because it continuously reflects the change in BP through the change in the arterial cross-sectional area. Several studies have investigated BI channels in a vertical direction with electrodes located along the wrist and the finger to calculate PWV and convert to BP; however, the measurement systems were relatively large in size. In order to reduce the total device size for use in a PWV-based BP smartwatch, this study proposes and examines a horizontal BI structure. The BI device is also designed to apply in a very small body area. Our proposed structure is based on two sets of four-electrode BI interface attached around the wrist. The effectiveness of our system and approach is evaluated on 15 human subjects; the PWV values are obtained with various distances between two BI channels to assess the efficacy. The results show that our BI system can monitor pulse rate efficiently in only a 0.5 × 1.75 cm2 area of the body. The correlation of pulse rate from the proposed design against the reference is 0.98 ± 0.07 (p < 0.001). Our structure yields higher detection ratios for PWV measurements of 99.0 ± 2.2%, 99.0 ± 2.1%, and 94.8 ± 3.7% at 1, 2, and 3 cm between two BI channels, respectively. The measured PWVs correlate well with the BP standard device at 0.81 ± 0.08 and 0.84 ± 0.07 with low root-mean-squared-errors at 7.47 ± 2.15 mmHg and 5.17 ± 1.81 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. Our results inform future designs of smart watches capable of measuring blood pressure.
The Green Logistics Impact on International Trade: Evidence from Developed and Developing Countries
Authors: Wang Dong-Fang , Dong Qian-Li , Peng Zhi-Min , Khan Syed Abdul Rehman , Tarasov Arthur
Published: June 2018

Economic globalization promotes industrial division and forms a large stream of products between countries all over the world, which leads to serious environmental problems. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between green logistics and international trade. Heckman’s two-stage procedure is employed to estimate an augmented gravity model that specifically includes green logistics variables with the data of 113 countries and regions over the period between 2007–2014. The findings show that the logistics performance index (LPI) of exporting and importing countries are positively correlated with trade volume, and that the LPI of exporting countries positively affects trade probability. Taking the entire sample into account, the green logistics performance of exporting countries positively affects export probability and volume. For trade flows between developing–developing countries, developed–developed countries, and developed–developing countries, the green logistics performance of importing countries has a negative impact on the export volume of exporting countries. In terms of trade flow between developing–developed countries, the green logistics performance of importing countries has a negative impact on export probability and a positive impact on export volume. The present research results will assist governments and exporters in understanding the relationship between green logistics and international trade, and help improve their policies and green operations toward sustainable development.
Sustainability and Efficiency of the European Banking Market after the Global Crisis: The Impact of Some Strategic Choices
Authors: Pampurini Francesca , Quaranta Anna Grazia
Published: June 2018

In the last few years, financial managers, supervisors and policy makers have been collectively engaged on the role of the banking and financial sector in relation to environmental and sustainability issues. The efficiency level that characterizes the production process of banks and financial intermediaries is strictly interconnected with sustainability so that, from a long term perspective, cost and profit efficiency reveals to be one of the most important premises for sustainability. This work aimed to analyze the level of efficiency achieved by European banking groups to verify if some key drivers of efficiency deriving from strategic choices outlined by literature on single banks (i.e., size, number of branches, cost income ratio and geographical location) are the same when considering banking groups. The study is focused on the period 2011–2016 that is characterized by, at least, two critical events that occurred after the sub-prime crisis. The level of efficiency of each banking group was measured with the Stochastic Frontier Approach and then the units were clustered into three homogeneous sets. Observing these clusters, the results show that the groups belonging to some specific countries appear to be more efficient with respect to others. Moreover, the banking groups characterized by many branches and a high level of cost income ratio exhibit a medium level of efficiency. Eventually, the biggest banking groups are the least efficient.
Corruption and Technological Innovation in Private Small-Medium Scale Companies: Does Female Top Management Play a Role?
Authors: Xia Houxue , Tan Qingmei , Bai Junhong
Published: June 2018

Common acts of corruption such as bribery and informal payments are virtually illegal everywhere and prevalent in every corner of the world. This paper aims to contribute to the literature by considering the influences of corruption and female top management on the likelihood of technological innovation by using a nationwide survey and a sample of private small-medium sized companies (SMCs) in China. Interestingly, we find that female top managers have less enthusiasm for innovation than their male counterparts. Corruption, when measured by informal payments, poses a positive effect on the possibility of innovation after controlling for firm-level characteristics. However, female executives may weaken the positive innovation effects caused by corruption. Furthermore, one of our implied findings is that a firm with a female top manager is less likely to engage in corruption because this may raise the costs of doing business without any benefits for innovation. The results collectively illustrate the role that female top management and corrupt actions have in shaping innovative activities of private SMCs, and suggest that bribe-combating actions in firms are necessary, such as a framework for rationalizing the proportion of female executives involved in management.
The Mediating Role of Perception in the Relationship between Expectation and Satisfaction in Terms of Sustainability in Tourism Education
Authors: Akinci Zeki , Yurcu Gulseren , Kasalak Murad Alpaslan
Published: June 2018

Education plays a central role in shaping individual and social change toward sustainability. Sustainable tourism education provided by the higher education institutions which offer education at the undergraduate level has an important role in training candidate managers and meeting the need for qualified labor in the tourism sector in terms of sustainable tourism. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship among expectation, perception, and satisfaction of the undergraduate students receiving tourism education at the tertiary level. It is also aimed to reveal the mediating role of perception between expectation and satisfaction. One of the quantitative methods used in the research process was the causative and correlational model. A total of 675 students participated in this survey conducted at the Tourism Faculty of Akdeniz University. To collect data, expectation of tourism education, perception of tourism education, and satisfaction of academic education scales were used. In the data analysis, parametric tests, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and regression analyses were applied. In this study, it was revealed that 675 students receiving tourism education at the undergraduate level came to school with moderate-level expectations, their perceptions fulfilled their expectations with the experience they had, and their satisfaction levels that emerged as a result of their perceptions were at a moderate level as well. As a result of the t-test performed, it was put forward that there was no difference in their level of satisfaction based on the gender variable; however, a significant difference was determined based on the high school type from which a subject graduated, the current department, class, and age variables. As a result of the correlation analysis, a positive relation was identified between the expectation, perception, and satisfaction variables. The multiple regression analysis indicated that expectation positively affected perception and satisfaction; therewithal, perception affected satisfaction and its sub-dimensions positively. It was also found that the perception had a partial mediating role between expectation and satisfaction in education.
The Role of Fc Gamma Receptors in Broad Protection against Influenza Viruses
Authors: Thulin Natalie K. , Wang Taia T.
Published: June 2018

Recent studies have revealed multiple roles for Fc gamma receptors (FcγRs) in broad immunity against influenza viruses. Activating FcγR pathways can be harnessed to confer protection mediated by non-neutralizing anti-HA IgGs and to increase the potency of broadly neutralizing anti-HA IgGs and of anti-NA IgGs. Separate FcγR pathways can be targeted to enhance the breadth of antibody responses elicited by seasonal influenza virus vaccines. Here, we review the current understanding of FcγR pathways in broad influenza immunity and suggest mechanisms to bypass FcγR signaling heterogeneity among people that arises from distinctions in structural repertoires of IgG Fc domains.
Piecewise-Linear Hedging Rules for Reservoir Operation with Economic and Ecologic Objectives
Authors: Liu Yueyi , Zhao Jianshi , Zheng Hang
Published: June 2018

The construction of dams and operation of reservoirs have a significant impact on the interruption of aquatic and riparian ecological systems, by altering natural stream flows in river courses. Recently, the ecological requirements are included as an additional objective in reservoir operation in order to restore the natural stream flows and reduce the negative impacts of reservoir operations on ecosystems that rely on the natural flows. The key challenge involving ecological requirements is to balance the ecological and economic objectives by operation rules, on the basis of quantitatively identifying the objective of ecological flows required to maintain the natural flow regime for ecosystem. This study develops a piecewise-linear multi-objective hedging rule (PMHR) for reservoir operations, with ecologic flow objectives represented by 33 hydrologic parameters from the indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA). Variables of the PMHR are obtained through optimization using a vector evaluated genetic algorithm. The results show that the PMHR improves the ecological water releases without reducing economic water supplies in the case river in the context of hydrological uncertainty. It can offer technological references for improving the utility of water resource management under competitive conditions of water resources.
Adsorption Behaviors and Removal Efficiencies of Inorganic, Polymeric and Organic Phosphates from Aqueous Solution on Biochar Derived from Sewage Sludge of Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment Process
Authors: Xu Guoren , Zhang Zhao , Deng Linyu
Published: June 2018

Adsorption behaviors and removal efficiencies of different phosphorus species on sewage sludge-based biochar (SBB) were investigated, with powder activated carbon (PAC) as a comparison. The adsorption efficiencies of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and sodium glycerol-phosphate on SBB are 81.91%–92.86%, 66.02%–90.66% and 25.48%–38.94%, when the initial pH values of phosphate solutions are 3–10, 4–10 and 3–10, respectively. The maximal adsorption capacities of phosphates on SBB are 2.1–5.3 times those of PAC. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicates that ligand-exchange mechanism and Lewis acid-base interactions occur between hydrolysates of surface-Fe2+/surface-Fe3+ and phosphates, and the precipitates of phosphates accumulate on the surface of SBB and separate from the aqueous solution. These results demonstrate that SBB is an effective adsorbent for phosphorus removal and recovery in wastewater, and it also has the potential to reduce phosphorus leaching loss in the soil when applied in soil amendment.
Musée et bibliothèque : Entre rapprochement et distance
Authors: Mairesse François
Published: June 2018

Museos y bibliotecas : Entre acercamiento y distancia.

Partiendo del campo museístico, como lo definió Bernard Deloche, las etapas mayores de la evolución de los vínculos entre museos y bibliotecas son evocadas desde los primeros tratados de museología hasta la actualidad. Así son abordados el periodo de los gabinetes, el nacimiento del museo moderno, el inicio del siglo veinte y el entre guerras, y luego el giro comercial de los museos. Este último periodo parece estar marcado por el distanciamiento de las dos instituciones, pero también, hace algunos años, por la posible valorización de un nuevo patrimonio digitalizado en común.
Document et monument au musée Saint- Raymond, musée des Antiques de Toulouse
Authors: Fraysse Patrick
Published: June 2018

Document and monument : The case of the musée Saint-Raymond, musée des Antiques de Toulouse.

Working from a status analysis of the archaeological objects kept in the musée Saint-Raymond, musée des Antiques de Toulouse (France) and a series of conversations held with the scientific staff – curator, collection manager – this paper proposes, from a theoretical viewpoint, to feed into the thinking on the relationship between monument and document, and will look at the use in museums of specific vocabulary coming from the library world. The field of archaeology seems particularly interesting in this respect as it takes into consideration a set of document-producing operations such as the writing or recording of data, creation of images, cataloging and reduced-model making. This use of the document dimension of museum objects looks back on the very concept of the document, the complexity of which is emphasized once again.
La médiation documentaire dans les institutions patrimoniales : une approche par la notion de service
Authors: Saou-Dufrêne Bernadette , Ihadjadene Madjid
Published: June 2018

Mediation and Document in Heritage Institutions : an Approach by the Notion of Service.

Cultural mediation is most often envisaged either from a theoretical approach or from one of professional practices. The aim of the article is to explain its institutionalization in cultural institutions and its development through the notion of service ; putting the concept into a historical context highlights both the continuities and specificities that the service covers, to be revealed in an info-communicational economy. It aims too, to stress one of the principal effects of this institutionalization, which is the place occupied by heritage establishments in the information economy.
La notion de catalogue : de l’imprimé au numérique
Authors: Chante Alain
Published: June 2018

The notion of catalog : from print to digital.

Libraries and museums have, for a very longtime, shared a mutual tool which has participated in building their image and in structuring their functionality. The catalog, term meaning “ read from top to bottom”, comes from the need for inventory and classifi cation. It is linked to ideas of grouping, counting, number, order and memory. The trends towards specialization have tended to separate them, directing them into more specific mediations : reference and display, but recent technological developments and user demands are now leading towards synthesis, hybridity and interconnection. New forms of mediation are appearing, giving a new future to the catalog, as long as it is prepared to become more spatial than linear.
Les musées et les bibliothèques : espaces de documents et organisation des savoirs
Authors: Fabre Isabelle , Régimbeau Gérard
Published: June 2018

Museums and Libraries : Document space and organization of knowledge.

This research proposes to analyze proximity and distance between the two cultural places that library and museum represent, in order to comprehend how permanence and change confront each other in these two areas, both devoted to document and knowledge. The purpose is to examine, through this dual perspective, the organization of knowledge confronted to the organization of space, especially the staging of documents, in order to understand the importance of spatial methods in mediation through conditions of enunciation. Thus, the space to be seen and the practised space offer cognitive appropriation which enables one to perceive space as a structuring element in the organizing of knowledge – in a function of either conservation or display – in their implementation as well as in the choice of mediation.
Le musée des Pérégrinations au cœur de la « fabrique » mémorielle de l’Espagne
Authors: Rodriguez Mari Carmen
Published: June 2018

El museo de las peregrinaciones y de Santiago de Compostela : fábrica memorial de España.

La historia y las interpretaciones museísticas de la peregrinación en Compostela reflejan las evoluciones de las políticas de memoria relacionadas con el “santuario” durante un largo periodo histórico. Desde la edad media hasta nuestros días, desde la explotación local de las reliquias del santo hasta la proyección europea e internacional de la peregrinación, Compostela constituye una fuente de poder simbólico, político y económico desde dónde las élites regionales han extraído sus fuerzas. Bajo la mirada de las re-cualifi caciones memoriales, este artículo analiza las transformaciones de un espacio emblemático, para intentar entender mejor la reconfi guración política y patrimonial de un objeto religioso. La representación museística de la peregrinación retoma una visión histórica concebida para forjar una imagen del espacio idóneo para su explotación cultural. Se trata de combinar algunos avances historiográficos con mitos y falsificaciones del pasado. Aquel uso público de la historia pudo observarse en las exposiciones del museo de las peregrinaciones durante el último “año santo” ·
Le modèle conceptuel de référence du CIDOC : de la sémantique des inventaires aux musées en dialogue
Authors: Le Bœuf Patrick
Published: June 2018

The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model : From the Semantics of Museum Inventories to Dialoguing Museums.

Each museum is in charge of creating metadata sets describing the collections they hold. The structures of such information may contain local particularities, aiming at meeting specific needs. But the current movement that tends to lead us from a ‘Web of Documents’ to a ‘Web of Data’ on which structured data sets would be linked to each other, rather than just stored in independent repositories as they are today, calls for a formalization of the concepts that underlie the various ways museum information can be structured. This is what the CIDOC CRM ontology does. It is independent from any format and ensures the interoperability of data by digging out the abstract notions that can be rendered in many ways in the information sources produced by museums. This paper provides an overview of the CIDOC CRM and some projects that are based on it.
Une gestion plurielle de l’appareil commémoratif chrétien
Authors: Salatko Gaspard
Published: June 2018

Una gestión plural del aparato conmemorativo cristiano.

Bajo la jurisdicción francesa, las iglesias católicas clasifi cadas monumentos históricos no son solamente lugares de culto. Son también sitios patrimoniales administrados por las instancias públicas de conservación. Esta administración conjunta lleva a diferentes concepciones de la organización arquitectural de dichos edifi cios religiosos. En este contexto, la actividad de las comisiones de arte sacro muestra cómo estas divergencias estéticas conllevan la aplicación de visiones del pasado a la vez similares y opuestas.
Anomeric modification of carbohydrates using the Mitsunobu reaction
Authors: Hain Julia , Rollin Patrick , Klaffke Werner , Lindhorst Thisbe K
Published: June 2018

The Mitsunobu reaction basically consists in the conversion of an alcohol into an ester under inversion of configuration, employing a carboxylic acid and a pair of two auxiliary reagents, mostly triphenylphosphine and a dialkyl azodicarboxylate. This reaction has been frequently used in carbohydrate chemistry for the modification of sugar hydroxy groups. Modification at the anomeric position, leading mainly to anomeric esters or glycosides, is of particular importance in the glycosciences. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of the Mitsunobu reaction for modifications of sugar hemiacetals. Strikingly, unprotected sugars can often be converted regioselectively at the anomeric center, whereas in other cases, the other hydroxy groups in reducing sugars have to be protected to achieve good results in the Mitsunobu procedure. We have reviewed on the one hand the literature on anomeric esterification, including glycosyl phosphates, and on the other hand glycoside synthesis, including S- and N-glycosides. The mechanistic details of the Mitsunobu reaction are discussed as well as this is important to explain and predict the stereoselectivity of anomeric modifications under Mitsunobu conditions. Though the Mitsunobu reaction is often not the first choice for the anomeric modification of carbohydrates, this review shows the high value of the reaction in many different circumstances.
User-Centered Guidance for Engineering and Design of Decentralized Sanitation Technologies
Authors: Morrison Laura , Hossain Anushah , Elledge Myles , Stoner Brian , Piascik Jeffrey
Published: June 2018

Technological innovations in sanitation are poised to address the great need for sanitation improvements in low-income countries. Worldwide, more than 2.4 billion people lack access to improved sanitation facilities. Innovative waste treatment and sanitation technologies aim to incorporate user-centered findings into technology engineering and design. Without a focus on users, even the most innovative technology solutions can encounter significant barriers to adoption. Drawing on a household survey conducted in urban slum communities of Ahmedabad, India, this research brief identifies toilet and sanitation preferences, amenities, and attributes that might promote adoption of improved sanitation technologies among potential user populations. This work uses supplemental insights gained from focus groups and findings from the literature. Based on our research, we offer specific guidance for engineering and design of sanitation products and technologies.
Trans-Neptunian Objects Transiently Stuck in Neptune’s Mean-motion Resonances: Numerical Simulations of the Current Population
Authors: Yu Tze Yeung Mathew , Murray-Clay Ruth , Volk Kathryn
Published: June 2018

A substantial fraction of our solar system’s trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) are in mean-motion resonance with Neptune. Many of these objects were likely caught into resonances by planetary migration—either smooth or stochastic—approximately 4 Gyr ago. Some, however, gravitationally scattered off of Neptune and became transiently stuck in more recent events. Here we use numerical simulations to predict the number of transiently stuck objects, captured from the current actively scattering population, that occupy 111 resonances at semimajor axes a = 30–100 au. Our source population is an observationally constrained model of the currently scattering TNOs. We predict that, integrated across all resonances at these distances, the current transient-sticking population comprises 40% of the total transiently stuck+scattering TNOs, suggesting that these objects should be treated as a single population. We compute the relative distribution of transiently stuck objects across all p:q resonances with

, p < 40, and q < 20, providing predictions for the population of transient objects with H

r
 < 8.66 in each resonance. We find that the relative populations are approximately proportional to each resonance’s libration period and confirm that the importance of transient sticking increases with semimajor axis in the studied range. We calculate the expected distribution of libration amplitudes for stuck objects and demonstrate that observational constraints indicate that both the total number and the amplitude distribution of 5:2 resonant TNOs are inconsistent with a population dominated by transient sticking from the current scattering disk. The 5:2 resonance hence poses a challenge for leading theories of Kuiper Belt sculpting.
The Radio Sky at Meter Wavelengths: m-mode Analysis Imaging with the OVRO-LWA
Authors: Eastwood Michael W. , Anderson Marin M. , Monroe Ryan M. , Hallinan Gregg , Barsdell Benjamin R. , Bourke Stephen A. , Clark M. A. , Ellingson Steven W. , Dowell Jayce , Garsden Hugh , Greenhill Lincoln J. , Hartman Jacob M. , Kocz Jonathon , Lazio T. Joseph W. , Price Danny C. , Schinzel Frank K. , Taylor Gregory B. , Vedantham Harish K. , Wang Yuankun , Woody David P.
Published: June 2018

A host of new low-frequency radio telescopes seek to measure the 21 cm transition of neutral hydrogen from the early universe. These telescopes have the potential to directly probe star and galaxy formation at redshifts 20 ≳ z ≳ 7 but are limited by the dynamic range they can achieve against foreground sources of low-frequency radio emission. Consequently, there is a growing demand for modern, high-fidelity maps of the sky at frequencies below 200 MHz for use in foreground modeling and removal. We describe a new wide-field imaging technique for drift-scanning interferometers: Tikhonov-regularized m-mode analysis imaging. This technique constructs images of the entire sky in a single synthesis imaging step with exact treatment of wide-field effects. We describe how the CLEAN algorithm can be adapted to deconvolve maps generated by m-mode analysis imaging. We demonstrate Tikhonov-regularized m-mode analysis imaging using the Owens Valley Radio Observatory Long Wavelength Array (OVRO-LWA) by generating eight new maps of the sky north of δ = −30° with 15′ angular resolution at frequencies evenly spaced between 36.528 and 73.152 MHz and ∼800 mJy beam−1 thermal noise. These maps are a 10-fold improvement in angular resolution over existing full-sky maps at comparable frequencies, which have angular resolutions ≥2°. Each map is constructed exclusively from interferometric observations and does not represent the globally averaged sky brightness. Future improvements will incorporate total power radiometry, improved thermal noise, and improved angular resolution due to the planned expansion of the OVRO-LWA to 2.6 km baselines. These maps serve as a first step on the path to the use of more sophisticated foreground filters in 21 cm cosmology incorporating the measured angular and frequency structure of all foreground contaminants.
Size Distribution of Small Hilda Asteroids∗
Authors: Terai Tsuyoshi , Yoshida Fumi
Published: June 2018

We present the size distribution for the Hilda asteroid group using optical survey data obtained by the 8.2 m Subaru Telescope with the Hyper Suprime-Cam. Our unbiased sample consists of 91 Hilda asteroids (Hildas) down to 1 km in diameter. We found that the Hildas’ size distribution can be approximated by a single-slope power law in the ∼1−10 km diameter range with the best-fit power-law slope of α = 0.38 ± 0.02 in the differential absolute magnitude distribution. Directly comparing the size distribution of Hildas with that of the Jupiter Trojans measured from the same data set indicates that the two size distributions are similar to each other within a diameter of ∼10 km, while these shapes are distinguishable from that of main-belt asteroids. The results suggest that Hildas and Jupiter Trojans share a common origin and have a different formation environment from main-belt asteroids. The total number of the Hilda population larger than 2 km in diameter is estimated to be ∼1 × 104 based on the size distribution, which is less than that of the Jupiter Trojan population by a factor of about five.
Measurement Process and Inversions Using Helioseismic Normal-mode Coupling
Authors: Hanasoge Shravan
Published: June 2018

Normal modes are coupled by the presence of perturbations in the Sun, providing a novel and underappreciated helioseismic technique with which to image the solar interior. The process of measuring coupling between normal modes is straightforward, much more so when compared with other prevalent helioseismic techniques. The theoretical framework to interpret these measurements is well developed with the caveat that it applies only in the case where the entire surface of the Sun is observed. In practice, however, the limited visibility of the Sun and line-of-sight-related effects diminish the resolution of the technique. Here, we compute realistic sensitivities of normal-mode coupling measurements to flows in the solar interior and describe how to mitigate the sometimes-overwhelming effect of leakage. The importance of being able to isolate individual spherical harmonics and observe the full Sun, to which future solar observatories may aspire, is thus highlighted in our results. In the latter part of the article, we describe the noise model for the variance of coupling coefficients, a critical component to the process of inference.
Polarization of Trappist-1 by the Transit of Its Planets
Authors: Sengupta Sujan
Published: June 2018

Being the first, and currently the only, multiple planet hosting dwarf star that is sufficiently cool to form condensate clouds in its atmosphere, Trappist-1 provides a unique opportunity to test the efficiency of image polarimetry as a tool to detect and characterize exoplanets around L- and late M-dwarfs and exomoons around directly imaged self-luminous giant exoplanets. Although scattering of light by atmospheric dust particles should produce a significant amount of linear polarization in the far optical and near infrared, the disk-averaged net detectable polarization of the star must be zero owing to spherical symmetry. However, the transit of its planets would give rise to significant asymmetry and produce phase-dependent polarization with the peak polarization occurring at the inner contact points of planetary transit ingress and egress epochs. Adopting the known stellar and planetary physical parameters and employing a self-consistent cloudy atmosphere model of the M8 dwarf star, the transit polarization profiles and the expected amount of polarization of Trappist-1 during the transit phase of each individual planet, as well as that during the simultaneous transit of two planets, are presented in this paper. It is emphasized that the amount of polarization expected is within the detection limit of a few existing facilities. If polarization is detected confirming the prediction, time-resolved image polarimetry will emerge as a potential tool to detect and characterize small planets around cloudy ultra-cool dwarfs.
Sowing Black Hole Seeds: Direct Collapse Black Hole Formation with Realistic Lyman–Werner Radiation in Cosmological Simulations
Authors: Dunn Glenna , Bellovary Jillian , Holley-Bockelmann Kelly , Christensen Charlotte , Quinn Thomas
Published: June 2018

We study the birth of supermassive black holes from the direct collapse process and characterize the sites where these black hole seeds form. In the pre-reionization epoch, molecular hydrogen (H2) is an efficient coolant, causing gas to fragment and form Population III stars, but Lyman–Werner radiation can suppress H2 formation and allow gas to collapse directly into a massive black hole. The critical flux required to inhibit H2 formation, J
crit, is hotly debated, largely due to the uncertainties in the source radiation spectrum, H2 self-shielding, and collisional dissociation rates. Here, we test the power of the direct collapse model in a self-consistent, time-dependant, nonuniform Lyman–Werner radiation field—the first time such has been done in a cosmological volume—using an updated version of the Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)+N-body tree code Gasoline with H2 nonequilibrium abundance tracking, H2 cooling, and a modern SPH implementation. We vary J
crit from 30 to 103 in units of J
21 to study how this parameter impacts the number of seed black holes and the type of galaxies that host them. We focus on black hole formation as a function of environment, halo mass, metallicity, and proximity of the Lyman–Werner source. Massive black hole seeds form more abundantly with lower J
crit thresholds, but regardless of J
crit, these seeds typically form in halos that have recently begun star formation. Our results do not confirm the proposed atomic cooling halo pair scenario; rather, black hole seeds predominantly form in low-metallicity pockets of halos that already host star formation.
The curse of antitrust facing bilateral monopoly: Is regulation hopeless?
Authors: Shastitko Andrey , Ménard Claude , Pavlova Natalia
Published: June 2018

This paper is about the challenges that antitrust authorities face when dealing with bilateral monopolies. The curse of antitrust refers to traps threatening the efficient applicability of antitrust policies in these situations. Standard theories diverge about the attainability of equilibrium under bilateral monopolies but share skepticism about its efficiency if it ever exists. We suggest a different approach, based on transaction cost theory. First, since bilateral monopolies often develop in the upper segment of value chains, misalignment between parties may generate negative externalities. Second, if parties reach an agreement, the impact of the governance mechanism implemented must be assessed beyond the usual parameters of prices and quantities. Indeed, the risk of negative externalities in the absence of appropriate governance increases dramatically when “critical transactions” are at stake. With vertical integration prohibited, second-best alternatives in which antitrust authorities leave room for innovative hybrid governance may allow internalizing externalities while avoiding high switching costs.
Old wine and new bottles: A critical appraisal of the middle-income trap in BRICS countries
Authors: Hartwell Christopher A.
Published: June 2018

The idea of a middle-income trap is now over a decade old and continues to be applied to growth paths which have not been self-sustaining. With the bulk of emerging markets now approaching middle-income status, and given the reality of slower growth for many countries (and the policy recommendations that currently exist for overcoming this problem), is the middle-income trap still a relevant framework? Using reference to the BRICS countries, the key finding of this analysis is that the middle-income trap conceptualization is of little value-added, as fundamentals still matter, especially in relation to macroeconomic stability. Similarly, we note that “quality” institutions are necessary, both politicalandeconomic, including (smaller) size of government and property rights. The “trap” as currently formulated is thus nothing new or particularly relevant, as it repackages some familiar structural issues while avoiding other crucial ones.