bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Balancing Priorities: A Configurational Framework to Achieve Strategic Benefits From Sustainable Industry 4.0 Enablers in Operations and Supply Chain
Authors: Caiado Rodrigo Goyannes Gusmão , Santos Renan Silva , Schery Carlos Alejandro Días , Scavarda Luiz Felipe , Garza‐Reyes Jose Arturo
Published: January 2025

This study delves into the intricate integration of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) and sustainability within the realm of Operations and Supply Chain Management (OSCM), introducing a pioneering Sustainable I4.0‐enabled OSCM (S‐OSCM4.0) framework. From the lens of the dynamic capabilities view (DCV) and social exchange theory (SET), this research proposes a configurational framework using the CIMO logic—Context, Intervention, Mechanism and Outcome—to achieve strategic benefits from S‐OSCM4.0 enablers, specifically focusing on developing countries. Employing an empirical study with hybrid fuzzy multi‐criteria decision‐making methods, the study endeavours to delineate the prioritisation sequence for implementing pivotal enablers and subsequently realising the benefits of S‐OSCM4.0, aligned with the 2030 agenda. The proposed framework offers a novel, integrative approach by combining DCV and SET within the CIMO logic, providing a robust, context‐specific roadmap for Sustainable I4.0‐enabled OSCM. It advances theory by bridging I4.0 and sustainability in OSCM for the digital transformation of developing countries.
The BAM‐GelMA‐ADSCs bilayer patch promotes tissue regeneration and functional recovery after large‐area bladder defects in beagles
Authors: An Ziyan , Wang Pengchao , Ling Zhengyun , Bi Kaipeng , Wang Zheng , Shao Jinpeng , Zhao Jian , Fu Zhouyang , Huang Meng , Wei Wenjie , Xiao Shuwei , Zhou Jin , Fu Weijun
Published: January 2025

Previous studies of bladder tissue engineering simply seeded cells onto the surface of the material, which makes the cells lack protection and makes it difficult to face the complex in vivo environment. The gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel possesses outstanding biocompatibility and distinctive photo‐crosslinking characteristics and is capable of offering a suitable three‐dimensional growth environment for cells. This study explored the optimal concentration of GelMA for encapsulating adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) and combined it with bladder acellular matrix (BAM) to create a tissue‐engineered bladder patch. Results indicated that 10% GelMA more effectively promoted ADSCs proliferation and spreading compared to 7.5% and 12.5% concentrations, which can offer a better extracellular matrix environment for cells. BAM performed as an excellent substrate with mechanical properties and stitchability similar to natural tissues. Animal experiments demonstrated that the encapsulated ADSCs in GelMA enhanced patch vascularization in vivo and BAM‐GelMA‐ADSCs tissue‐engineered bladder patch can repair large‐scale bladder defects in beagles and promote bladder tissue regeneration and functional recovery. This photocrosslinking hydrogel‐acellular matrix patch provides a protective semi‐controlled environment for ADSCs, supporting the growth and viability of encapsulated cells in vivo, while being easy to suture and preventing leakage, and has significant clinical potential.
Biologically‐oriented alveolar ridge preservation to correct bone dehiscence at immediate implant placement
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Grenzi Tommaso
Published: January 2025

Background

The purpose of the present case study is to describe the application of a modification of the Biologically‐oriented Alveolar Ridge Preservation (BARP) principles in cases of peri‐implant bone dehiscence (PIBD) due to a compromised alveolus at immediate implant placement (IIP).

Methods

The technique is based on the stratification of three layers: a deep layer with a collagen sponge (CS) in the apical part of the alveolus (where the buccal bone plate was still present) to support the blood clot; a graft layer to correct the PIBD; and a superficial collagen layer to cover the graft thus providing space and enhancing clot/graft stability. Healing was obtained by primary closure.

Results

At the re‐entry procedure for implant uncovering, a complete PIBD correction with newly formed peri‐implant bone up to the level of the polished collar was observed in both cases.

Conclusions

These observations suggest that BARP based on the combined use of CS and deproteinized bovine bone mineral may be regarded as a simplified treatment option to correct a PIBD at IIP.

Key points

Why treat a Peri‐Implant Bone Dehiscence (PIBD)? PIBD should be treated to avoid biological and esthetic complications over time.

What plays a key role in this case? The stability of both the graft and the cloth is essential for providing space for bone formation to correct the PIBD; the extraction socket supports angiogenic and osteogenic properties; Primary intention closure is crucial to prevent potential infection.

Limitation: the efficacy of the technique must be assessed.

Plain Language Summary

This case study described the potential to correct a post‐extraction osseous defect associated with a substantial portion of a dental implant which resulted exposed and without bone support on its buccal aspect. The application of a novel bone augmentation technique, namely the biologically oriented Alveolar Ridge Preservation, has been described. This simplified procedure is based on the stratification of i) a deep collagen layer in the apical part of the socket to support the blood clot and spontaneous bone formation, ii) a graft of bone substitute to correct the missing bone, and iii) a superficial collagen layer to protect the graft and the wound. After 5 months, a complete correction of the osseous defect with newly formed bone up to the head of the implant was observed in both treated cases.
Transport und Nutzung von flüssigem Wasserstoff: Leitprojekt TransHyDE – Projekt AppLHy!1)
Authors: Fuhry Franziska , Neumann Holger , Weiss Klaus‐Peter , Wolf Michael J.
Published: January 2025

Dieser Artikel behandelt Technologien zu Bereitstellung, Speicherung, Transport und Anwendung von flüssigem Wasserstoff (LH2) und seinem Nutzen für den Aufbau einer Wasserstoff‐Transport‐Infrastruktur in Deutschland. LH2 bietet durch seine hohe gravimetrische Energiedichte und intrinsische Reinheit große Potenziale innerhalb einer nachhaltigen Wasserstoffwirtschaft. Zudem entstehen Synergieeffekte zwischen dem tiefkalten LH₂ und Hochtemperatur‐Supraleitern (HTS), und auch für andere Prozesse lässt sich die „Kälteleistung“ von LH₂ nutzen.
Assessing candidate DLX‐regulated genes in the first pharyngeal arch of chick embryos
Authors: Sohail Afshan , Nicoll Olivia , Bendall Andrew J.
Published: January 2025

Background

Insights into the development and evolution of asymmetrical jaws will require an understanding of the gene regulatory networks that underpin the differential morphogenesis of the maxillary and mandibular domains of the first pharyngeal arch in a variety of gnathostomes. While a robust relationship has been demonstrated between jaw patterning and the Endothelin‐Dlx gene axis, much less is known of the next level of genes in the jaw patterning hierarchy.

Results

Several genes, whose expression depends on Dlx5 and/or Dlx6, have been identified in mice. Here, we examined the expression patterns of the chick orthologues of some of those genes, namely GSC, PITX1, HAND2, and GBX2, and tested their dependence on endothelin signaling to assess whether there is a conserved regulatory relationship between those genes in the chick embryo. To further validate these genes as direct DLX targets, we identified conserved non‐coding sequences containing candidate DLX binding motifs and demonstrated DLX‐responsiveness in vitro.

Conclusions

The evidence presented in this study combines to support the hypothesis that these four genes are direct targets of DLX transcription factors in the lower jaw‐forming tissue.
Impact of optimal secondary cytoreductive surgery on survival outcomes in women with recurrent endometrial carcinoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raffone Antonio , Pellecchia Giulia , Pregnolato Sara , Raimondo Diego , Travaglino Antonio , Neola Daniele , Driul Lorenza , Scambia Giovanni , Arcieri Martina , Vastarella Maria Giovanna , Cobellis Luigi , Restaino Stefano , Vizzielli Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

Background

Management of recurrent endometrial carcinoma (EC) represents a challenge. Although a complete resection of visible disease at secondary surgery (R0) is recommended, the impact of R0 on survival outcomes is unclear and pooled data are lacking.

Objective

To quantitatively assess the impact of R0 on survival outcomes in women with EC recurrence.

Search Strategy

A systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed searching eight electronic databases from their inception up to January 2024.

Selection Criteria

All peer‐reviewed studies that assessed quantitatively the impact of R0 on survival outcomes in women at first EC recurrence were included.

Data Collection and Analysis

Hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) for death of any cause and secondary recurrent or progressive disease in women with EC recurrence who underwent R0 compared to non‐optimal secondary surgical cytoreduction (R1) were pooled and assessed at both univariable and multivariable analyses.

Main Results

Three studies with 442 patients were included. At univariate analysis, in women with EC recurrence and R0 compared to women with EC recurrence and R1, pooled HR was 0.451 (95% CI: 0.319–0.638) for death from any cause, and 0.517 (95% CI: 0.298–0.895; p = 0.019) for recurrent or progressive disease.

At multivariate analysis, in women with EC recurrence and R0 compared to women with EC recurrence and R1, pooled HR was 0.447 (95% CI: 0.255–0.783; p = 0.005) for death from any cause, and 0.585 (95% CI: 0.359–0.952; p = 0.031) for recurrent or progressive disease.

Conclusion

In women with EC recurrence, R0 is an independent prognostic factor, decreasing the risk of death from any cause by approximatively 55%, and of recurrent or progressive disease by approximatively 40%, compared to R1.
Immediate skin‐to‐skin contact and postpartum hemorrhagic morbidity
Authors: Wiley Rachel L. , Ghose Ipsita , Canfield Dana R. , Sarker Minhazur R. , Mendez‐Figueroa Hector , Chauhan Suneet
Published: January 2025

Objective

To examine rates of postpartum hemorrhagic (PPH) morbidity among patients who did and did not have immediate skin‐to‐skin contact (SSC).

Methods

This study was a retrospective cohort of all non‐anomalous, term singleton vaginal births at a Level IV center over 2 years. Exclusion criteria included COVID‐19. Immediate SSC was defined as at least 60 min of direct contact initiated between parturient and neonate within 10 min of birth. The primary outcome was a composite of maternal morbidity related to PPH compared among those with and without immediate SSC. We used multivariable Poisson regression adjusted for possible confounders with robust error variance to determine the strength of the association.

Results

Of 8623 deliveries during the study period, 3520 (40.8%) deliveries were included; of which 2428 (55.5%) had immediate SSC and 1028 (31.0%) did not. Immediate SSC reduced the overall rate of composite morbidity (adjusted relative risk 0.78, 95% confidence interval 0.65–0.92), and rate of blood loss 1000 mL or greater, use of additional uterotonics, and use of mechanical tamponade. Blood loss and third stage of labor duration were significantly less for immediate SSC. Transfusion rate and hematocrit change after delivery, did not differ.

Conclusion

Immediate SSC among term vaginal deliveries was associated with a significant reduction in PPH. Emphasis on early contact for maternal benefit may increase uptake of SSC and provide an accessible intervention for PPH in high‐ and low‐resource settings.
Age did not affect the rate of subsequent hysterectomy following hysteroscopic surgery: A population‐based retrospective cohort study from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Huang Wan‐Ting , Wang Jeng‐Hung , Ding Dah‐Ching
Published: January 2025

Objective

Previous studies found younger age was associated with an increased risk of hysterectomy after hysteroscopic surgeries (HS) due to abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of age on the incidence of hysterectomy after HS for treating AUB in Taiwan.

Methods

This was a nationwide population‐based retrospective cohort study which utilized the Taiwan National Health Insurance Database. The present study involved 4150 participants who underwent HS due to AUB. The study focused on females aged ≥40 years diagnosed with AUB who underwent HS between 2000 and 2020. Hysterectomy outcomes were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model, and age was categorized into three groups (40–44, 45–49, and 50–55 years). Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results

This study involved 4150 participants with an average age of 46.1 years, categorized into the following age groups: 40–44 years (39.6%), 45–49 years (38.8%), and 50–55 years (21.6%). Approximately 8.1% of participants required hysterectomy treatment; the highest incidence was observed in the 40–44‐year age group (8.6%). The median time from HS to hysterectomy varied across age groups, ranging from 0.25–2.78 years. The presence of uterine myoma (adjusted hazard ration [aHR]: 2.11; 95% CI: 1.70–2.64; P < 0.0001) and adenomyosis (aHR: 10.24; 95% CI: 8.17–12.85; P < 0.0001) significantly increased the risk of hysterectomy. Kaplan–Meier survival curves demonstrated a comparable likelihood of hysterectomy across age groups within 5 years post‐HS, with most occurrences occurring in the initial 5 years.

Conclusion

Our study found no age effect on subsequent hysterectomy after HS. This study contributes to a significant understanding of HS outcomes, aiding information for patients seeking AUB surgical options.
Investigation of the Effects of Silymarin on Ovarian Ischemia Reperfusion via Nrf‐2/HO‐1/NQO1, Ki‐67 and Wnt Signaling Pathways
Authors: Öztürk Ayşe Betül , Akaras Nurhan , Şimşek Hasan , Kandemir Fatih Mehmet
Published: January 2025

Ovarian ischemia is a pathological condition that usually occurs due to ovarian torsion, resulting in the interruption of blood supply to the ovaries and oxygen deficiency. Silymarin (SLM) is a flavonoid complex of plant origin with pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of SLM through different pathways in rats subjected to experimental ovarian ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Female Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control, SLM (50 mg/kg), I/R, I/R + SLM25 (25 mg/kg), and I/R + SLM50 (50 mg/kg). SLM was given orally for 7 days, followed by ischemia (2 h) and reperfusion (2 h) on day 8. Biochemical (MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx) and histological (H&E, Ki‐67 IHC) analyses were performed. Also, molecular (qRT‐PCR) analyses were performed to evaluate oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and Wnt signaling. I/R increased MDA and NO levels in ovarian tissue while decreasing SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH. Antioxidant defense genes (Nrf‐2, HO‐1, NQO1) were suppressed, and inflammation markers (NF‐ĸB, IL‐1β, TNF‐α) along with apoptotic markers (Bax, Caspase‐3) were elevated, while Bcl‐2 decreased. The Wnt signaling pathway was inhibited, particularly at Wnt‐3A, LRP5, Dvl‐2, and Cyclin‐1, reducing Ki‐67 protein levels and IHC positivity. Silymarin has shown a therapeutic effect on ovarian ischemia reperfusion injury with its antioxidant, antiapoptotic and anti‐inflammatory effects and cell cycle regulatory activity.
Effect of Postoperative Neck‐Shaft and Anteversion Angles on Biomechanical Outcomes in Proximal Femoral Osteotomy: An In Silico Study
Authors: Bavil Alireza Y. , Eghan‐Acquah Emmanuel , Diamond Laura E. , Barrett Rod , Bade David , Carty Christopher P. , Feih Stefanie , Saxby David J.
Published: January 2025

Effective surgical planning is crucial for maximizing patient outcomes following complex orthopedic procedures such as proximal femoral osteotomy. In silico simulations can be used to assess how surgical variations in proximal femur geometry, such as femur neck‐shaft and anteversion angles, affect postoperative system mechanics. This study investigated the sensitivity of femur mechanics to postoperative neck‐shaft angles, anteversion angles, and osteotomy contact areas using patient‐specific finite element analysis informed by neuromusculoskeletal models. A sequential neuromusculoskeletal modeling and finite element analysis pipeline was used to simulate postoperative mechanics in three pediatric patients with varying demographic and anatomic features. Nine surgical configurations derived from permutations of the clinical envelope of neck‐shaft angles and anteversion angles were simulated for the stance phase of gait. The outcome mechanics assessed were peak von Mises stresses on the bone‐implant contact surfaces as well as interfragmentary movement and strain on the osteotomy location. Peak von Mises stress and interfragmentary movement and strain were on average 38% more sensitive to surgical variation in neck‐shaft angle compared to anteversion angle. A significant negative correlation was detected between contact area and interfragmentary movement (r = −0.90, p < 0.0001) and strain (r = −0.45, p = 0.017). Overall findings suggest neck‐shaft angle significantly influences postoperative femur mechanics and highlight the importance of maximizing contact area to limit interfragmentary motion and foster an optimal mechanical environment for bone healing and callus formation following proximal femoral osteotomy. Between‐patient variation in sensitivity to proximal femoral geometry reinforced the importance of patient‐specific surgical planning.
Influence of rheumatoid arthritis on peri‐implant diseases: A longitudinal retrospective clinical and radiographic evaluation
Authors: Almashni Hamzeh , Kakar Era , Nava Paolo , Wang Hom‐Lay , Saleh Muhammad H. A.
Published: January 2025

Background

To investigate the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on the incidence of peri‐implantitis (PI) and peri‐implant mucositis (PIM).

Methods

Radiographic and clinical chart reviews were conducted to measure the probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing, and marginal bone loss (MBL) around the implants to diagnose peri‐implant diseases based on the 2017 workshop classification. Values were recorded at the baseline (T0) to the last available chart and radiograph (T1). Maintenance compliance was evaluated. Cases were followed longitudinally to detect the incidence of PI and PIM. Various potential confounders were controlled, including the total radiographic follow‐up time, chart‐based follow‐up time, number of maintenance visits, implant dimensions, history of periodontitis, bone graft, restoration angle, emergence, smoking, and diabetes mellitus. Chi‐square and Mann–Whitney tests evaluated categorical and continuous differences. Generalized estimating equations with a Tweedie distribution were applied. Binary logistic regression ascertained the odds ratio for binary outcomes.

Results

A total of 101 patients (50 RA and 51 non‐RA) with 124 implants were investigated. The mean follow‐up period for the implants was 5.38 ± 2.22 years. Implant survival rate was high at 96%. The RA group demonstrated a significantly higher PI (p = 0.024), while the non‐RA group showed a significantly higher PIM (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between both groups in implant survival and MBL.

Conclusion

Compared to the non‐RA group, RA patients demonstrated a similar incidence of MBL and implant survival rates and a significantly lower incidence of PIM; however, there was a significantly higher incidence of PI.

Plain Language Summary

In this study, we investigated the condition of dental implants in 50 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared to 51 healthy controls over 5 years. Assessments from initial treatment to the last follow‐up visit included reviewing patient records and radiographs for signs of bleeding, probing depth, and bone loss. These measures helped diagnose peri‐implantitis (PI) and peri‐implant mucositis (PIM) based on the 2017 periodontal disease classification. The findings revealed a high implant survival rate in both groups (96%) with no significant difference in bone loss. However, the RA group showed a significantly higher incidence of PI than the healthy group that demonstrated PIM.
Real‐life retrospective multicentre study to describe the use of dupilumab in paediatric patients with atopic dermatitis in Spain: Patient profile, effectiveness and safety
Authors: Baselga Torres Eulalia , Ivars Marta , Prat Carolina , Vicente Asunción , Feito Rodríguez Marta , Maseda Pedrero Rocío , Martín Santiago Ana , Giacaman Aniza , Torrelo Fernández Antonio , Noguera‐Morel Lucero , Betlloch Mas Isabel , de Berbegal Gracia Laura , Évole Buselli Montserrat , Pozuelo Ruiz Mónica , Bernabéu Wittel José , Monserrat García María T. , Campos Domínguez Minia , Galache Osuna Cristina , Santos‐Juanes Jiménez Jorge , Esteve Martínez Altea , Zaragoza Ninet Violeta , Casals Andreu Miquel , Palencia Pérez Sara I. , Suárez Hernández José , Dorta Alom Sara , Feliciano Divasson Laura , Batalla Cebey Ana , Galán Gutiérrez Manuel , de Lucas Laguna Raúl
Published: January 2025

Background

Dupilumab, inhibiting interleukin 4 and 13, is the first monoclonal antibody licensed for atopic dermatitis (AD) since 6 months of age.

Objectives

The study describes the patients' profile, the effectiveness and safety in real life of dupilumab in adolescents with moderate‐severe AD and children with severe AD.

Methods

National, multicentre, observational, and retrospective study, based on medical records' data extracted in September 2023. Patients included were adolescents (12–17 years) with moderate‐severe AD (Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI] ≥ 16) and children (6–11 years) with severe AD (EASI ≥ 21) at the start of dupilumab therapy and treated with dupilumab for at least 3 months.

Results

Among the 211 analysed patients, at dupilumab treatment onset, 69.6% registered an Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) = 4, a median Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) = 17, and a median Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP‐NRS) = 8. Atopic comorbidities were present in 69.7% of the patients. Overall, 97.1% of the patients had received systemic treatments before dupilumab, being oral corticosteroids (75.5%) the most frequent. At 16 and 52 weeks, the mean EASI percentage reductions from baseline were −77.5% and −84.7%, respectively, and 71.8% and 82.4% of the patients achieved EASI ≤ 7. A total of 70.5% and 36.5% (16 weeks), and 78% and 48.4% (52 weeks) of the patients had EASI‐75 and EASI‐90, respectively. At week 52, 70% and 87% of the patients achieved a reduction of ≥4 PP‐NRS points and of ≥6 DLQI points, respectively. No serious dupilumab‐related adverse events were reported; 6.2% presented treatment‐related conjunctivitis and 1.4% reported eosinophilia, but without treatment discontinuation.

Conclusions

The study population had a pronounced disease burden as defined by signs, symptoms, quality of life, atopic comorbidities, and the systemic treatments' use prior dupilumab. In a short time (16 weeks), dupilumab treatment demonstrated clinically relevant improvement with an acceptable safety profile, continued over 52 weeks.
Dapagliflozin combined with metformin improves blood glucose, bone metabolism and bone mineral density in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with osteoporosis
Authors: Zheng Haiyan , Wang Qian , Si Min
Published: January 2025

The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with osteoporosis (OP) (T2DM‐OP) is growing. Dapagliflozin and metformin are commonly prescribed to manage glycemic levels in T2DM patients. We investigated the clinical efficacy of combining dapagliflozin with metformin in elderly patients with T2DM‐OP. Totally 144 T2DM‐OP patients were prospectively enrolled and allocated into two groups: the Metformin and Dapagliflozin + Metformin groups. Each group received treatment for 12 months. Fasting peripheral blood samples were collected before and after 12 months of treatment. Glycemic parameters and bone metabolic parameters were measured using oral glucose tolerance test, automatic biochemical analyzers, or liquid chromatography. Bone mineral density (BMD) changes at lumbar vertebrae (L1‐4), femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH) were assessed using dual‐energy X‐ray bone mineral densitometry. Pain severity was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). The total effective rate, fracture incidence, and adverse reaction rate were also evaluated. After 12 months, both groups showed improvements in glycemic parameters, bone metabolic parameters, and BMD at L1‐4, FN, and TH, and reductions in VAS scores. The Dapagliflozin + Metformin group exhibited more significant improvements. The overall effective rate was higher and fracture incidence, was lower in Dapagliflozin + Metformin group, with comparable rates of adverse reactions and safety profiles between the two groups. Taken together, treatment with a combination of dapagliflozin and metformin led to improvements in blood glucose levels, bone metabolism, and BMD in elderly patients with T2DM‐OP, demonstrating superior efficacy and safety compared to metformin monotherapy.
Pathway Selectivity in 2D Electronic‐Vibrational Spectroscopy with Quantum Light
Authors: Jadoun Deependra , Yadalam Hari K. , Harbola Upendra , Chernyak Vladimir Y. , Kizmann Matthias , Mukamel Shaul
Published: January 2025

Pathway selectivity in quantum spectroscopy with entangled photons is a powerful spectroscopic tool. Phase‐matched signals involving classical light contain contributions from multiple material pathways, whereas quantum spectroscopy may allow the selection of individual pathways. 2D electronic‐vibrational spectroscopy (2DEVS) is a four‐wave mixing technique which employs visible and infrared entangled photons. It is showed how the three contributing pathways—ground state bleach, excited state absorption, and excited state emission—can be separated by photon‐number‐resolved coincidence measurements. Entangled photons thus reveal spectral features not visible in the classical signal, with an enhanced spectral resolution.
Synthesis and Irreversible Pressure‐Induced Emission Enhancement of Ultrathin Lead‐Free 2D Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite (i‐OA)3BiBr6 Nanosheets at Room Temperature
Authors: Zhang Jie , Xu Fei , Gao Xiuyan , You Zhaojiang , Gao Yongsheng , Ma Duanqi , Xia Bin , Wang Dehua , Zhang Shufang , Wang Kai
Published: January 2025

2D bismuth‐based perovskites have attention as a potentially transformative technology in optoelectronics due to their exceptional non‐toxic and environmentally friendly properties. However, their practical applications are hindered by the low luminous efficiency caused by self‐trapped excitons (STEs) under normal environmental conditions. Here, a new composition of lead‐free ultrathin 2D perovskite nanosheet iso‐octylamine bismuth bromide [(i‐OA)3BiBr6] is synthesized, with thicknesses down to 1.1 nm, using a solution‐based method and explored their stability. Notably, the behavior of STEs in these ultrathin nanosheets can be modulated through a pressure treatment strategy. After completely releasing the pressure, an optimal lattice distortion is stabilized, resulting in an 80‐fold increase in irreversible pressure‐induced emission. This finding highlights the critical roles of steric hindrance and hydrogen bonding cooperativity effects in the organic cationic layers, along with OA ligand passivation, in enhancing STE radiation recombination under ambient conditions. This advancement opens new possibilities for creating stable, bright STEs under ambient conditions, thus facilitating its potential applications in the fields of pressure sensing, display, and energy savings.
Simultaneous Toughening and Strengthening of Ductile Polymer by Rigid Polymeric Fillers: The Role of Interfacial Entanglement
Authors: Zhu Zichun , Hou Xunan , Liu Yongchao , Niu Xiang , Wang Hao , Niu Deyu , Yeo Jayven Chee Chuan , Xu Ruijie , He Chaobin
Published: January 2025

The modification of thermoplastic polymers is frequently impeded by the inherent contradiction between their toughness and strength. In this study, an effective strategy to significantly improve the mechanical properties of ductile polymers by simply adding a complimentary rigid polymer is introduced. This work uses a semi‐crystalline polymer aliphatic polyketone (POK) as the matrix material and a small quantity of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the rigid polymer, through establishing molecular chain entanglements at the interface to produce POK/PMMA blends with exceptional mechanical property. The experimental study shows that PMMA as a small island phase is homogeneously dispersed in the POK matrix, while the interfacial adhesion between the POK matrix and PMMA island is enhanced by the high‐density molecular chain entanglement between PMMA and the POK matrix. The strong entanglements and high concentration of PMMA domains promote uniform crazes and overall shear yielding. As a result, the POK/PMMA blend exhibits exceptional mechanical properties with notched impact strength, elongation at break, tensile strength, and Young's modulus, of 20 kJ m−2, 326%, 60 and 2185 MPa, respectively. A universal approach is further suggested for enhancing the toughness and strength of ductile polymers using a complimentary rigid polymer.
Enhanced Efficiency and Light Stability of Conventional Organic Solar Cells with a p‐Type Polymeric Thin Layer on PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Wang Xinkang , Chen Mingqing , Dou Peng , Zhang Lianjie , Bai Qingqing , Xie Xianglun , Ma Dongge , Chen Junwu
Published: January 2025

Simultaneous improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) and device stability is very important for organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, oligothiophene‐based polymer W19 with excellent solvent resistance is exploited as a polymer thin layer to optimize the active layer morphology and then device efficiency and stability. Polymer W19 possesses a simple skeleton of trifluromethyl‐substituted dithienoquinoxaline and quaterthiophene, whose thin layer shows suitable energy level, low surface energy, and strong interchain aggregation, leading to outstanding solvent resistance and excellent hole transport ability. Optimized vertical separation alleviates trap state density and energy loss, improves hole transfer dynamics, and balances the charge transport, thus maximizing open‐circuit voltage, short‐circuit current density, and fill factor simultaneously. A high PCE of 19.70% is achieved for the W19 treated devices. Noticeably, OSCs treated with W19 retained 87% of its initial PCE after continuous illumination for 800 h, which is higher than that of 74% of the control. Large area devices of 1 and 4 cm2 can achieve high efficiencies of 17.36% and 14.46%, respectively. This work highlights that the polymer thin layer W19 with the ability of strong solvent resistance has the great potential to further improve the efficiency and photostability of OSCs.
Review of current progress on additive manufacturing of medical implants and natural/synthetic fibre reinforced composites
Authors: Nsanzumuhire C. , Daramola O. O. , Oladele I. O. , Akinwekomi A. D.
Published: January 2025

Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing technique, is a technology that uses computerized information to generate three‐dimensional solid objects. These objects are produced by feed‐stocking and fusing materials layer by layer. Compared to conventional manufacturing, additive manufacturing can make geometrical shapes that are very complex within a short time with less material wastage. Remarkable applications of manufacturing technology are found in automobile, aerospace, medicine, and natural/synthetic fibre‐reinforced composites. Manufactured parts are fabricated using metals, ceramics, and mainly polymers or composites. Advancements in research have recently been implemented to optimize the process. This review focuses on the research progress on current methods applied to optimize 3D printed biopolymer medical implants and natural/synthetic fibre‐reinforced composites. The objective of this article is to review new opportunities to produce multifunctional materials and suggest solutions to solve persisting challenges in additive manufacturing of medical implants using natural/synthetic fiber reinforced composites. The influence of process parameters on output performance measures, as well as the modelling and simulation techniques applied, are critically established in this paper. Current 3D printing processes and technologies, including the status and future of additive manufacturing, are also critically presented. Finally, challenges and research opportunities for improved high‐performing and less costly printed parts are also illustrated.
A Constitutive Model for Anisotropic Sand Considering Fabric Evolution Under Proportional and Non‐Proportional Loadings
Authors: Liao Dong , Zhou Chao , Yang Zhongxuan
Published: January 2025

A critical state plasticity model is proposed to describe the anisotropic sand behaviour under both proportional and non‐proportional loading conditions. An evolving fabric tensor is introduced into the model to reflect the influence of fabric anisotropy on the stress‐strain relation of sand. By employing a fabric‐dependent plastic flow direction, the non‐coaxial response can be simulated in a simple way. A non‐proportional loading mechanism is incorporated to consider the plastic deformation induced by the stress increment tangential to the yield surface. The influence of accumulative plastic strain on the dilatancy function and plastic modulus is properly considered, enabling the model to reasonably capture the evolutions of volumetric and deviatoric strains under both drained and undrained principal stress axes rotation. The model was validated based on the simulations of experimental results for monotonic loading and pure principal stress axes rotation tests covering a wide range of conditions.
Oviposition‐deterrent activity of p‐methyl benzaldehyde and 2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzaldehyde from the extract of Periplocae cortex for the control of Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Xu Min , Lu Chenyan , Wan Peng , Yin Haichen , Wang Ling , Liang Gemei , Chen Lizhen , Xu Dong
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

The invasion of Spodoptera frugiperda into China has caused serious losses to the food industry and has developed varying degrees of resistance to various chemical pesticides. Developing new plant‐based pesticides is of great significance for the sustainable management of S. frugiperda.

RESULTS

p‐Methyl benzaldehyde, 2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzaldehyde and 2‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxybenzaldehyde elicited strong electroantennogram (EAG) reactions from S. frugiperda adults. In particular, 14.4 mg/mL p‐methyl benzaldehyde produced the strongest EAG reaction. At this concentration, olfactory selection results showed significant repellent activity against adults, while 0.09 mg/mL had significant attractant activity against males. 2‐Hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzaldehyde had significant attractive effects at 2.40, 7.20, 14.40 mg/mL. However, 0.80 and 14.4 mg/mL showed significant repellent effects on oviposition selection after treatment with p‐methyl benzaldehyde, while 0.09 mg/mL showed significant attractant activity, with an oviposition index of 0.48 ± 0.12. Three treatments of 2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzaldehyde showed significant repellent activity against the oviposition selection. In addition, exposure to these two substances could significantly inhibit the number of spermatophores and eggs laid by a single female.

CONCLUSION

p‐Methyl benzaldehyde and 2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxybenzaldehyde in the secondary metabolites of the Chinese medicinal herb Periplocae cortex have obvious regulatory effects on the olfactory behavior and oviposition selection of Spodoptera frugiperda and significantly inhibit fertility. This result is helpful to understand the relationship between non‐host plant secondary metabolites and insects, lay the foundation for new active substances as insect behavior regulators. © 2025 Society of Chemical Industry.
Combining Top‐Down and Bottom‐Up: An Open Microfluidic Microtumor Model for Investigating Tumor Cell‐ECM Interaction and Anti‐Metastasis
Authors: Li Chao , Li Jiayi , Argall‐Knapp Zach , Hendrikse Nathan W. , Farooqui Mehtab A. , Raykowski Bella , King Anna , Nong Serratt , Liu Yingguang
Published: January 2025

Using a combined top‐down (i.e., operator‐directed) and bottom‐up (i.e., cell‐directed) strategy, an Under‐oil Open Microfluidic System (UOMS)‐based microtumor model is presented for investigating tumor cell migration and anti‐metastasis drug test. Compared to the mainstream closed microfluidics‐based microtumor models, the UOMS microtumor model features: i) micrometer‐scale lateral resolution of surface patterning with open microfluidic design for flexible spatiotemporal sample manipulation (i.e., top‐down); ii) self‐organized extracellular matrix (ECM) structures and tumor cell‐ECM spontaneous remodeling (i.e., bottom‐up); and iii) free physical access to the samples on a device with minimized system disturbance. The UOMS microtumor model – allowing a controlled but also self‐organized, cell‐directed tumor‐ECM microenvironment in an open microfluidic configuration – is used to test an anti‐metastasis drug (incyclinide, aka CMT‐3) with a triple‐negative breast cancer cell line (MDA‐MB‐231). The in vitro results show a suppression of tumor cell migration and ECM remodeling echoing the in vivo mice metastasis results.
High Gain, Low Voltage Solar‐Blind Deep UV Photodetector Based on Ga2O3/(AlxGa1‐x)2O3/GaN nBp Heterojunction
Authors: Wang Yuefei , Fu Shihao , Han Yurui , Gao Chong , Fu Rongpeng , Wu Zhe , Cui Weizhe , Li Bingsheng , Shen Aidong , Liu Yichun
Published: January 2025

In this study an (AlxGa1‐x)2O3 barrier layer is inserted between β‐Ga2O3 and GaN in a p‐GaN/n‐Ga2O3 diode photodetector, causing the dark current to decrease considerably, and device performance to improve significantly. The β‐Ga2O3/β‐(AlxGa1‐x)2O3/GaN n‐type/Barrier/p‐type photodetector achieves a photocurrent gain of 1246, responsivity of 237 A W−1, and specific detectivity of 5.23 × 1015 cm Hz1/2 W−1 under a bias of −20 V. With the irradiation of 250 nm solar‐blind ultraviolet light, the photocurrent exhibits a dramatic nonlinear increase beyond a bias of ≈−4 V, attributed to interband electron tunneling. The onset of interband tunneling at a relatively low bias is due to the strong internal electric field formed by self‐trapped holes (STHs) in Ga2O3. This study also proposes an effective way to suppress persistent photoconductivity and significantly increase the device operation speed in photodetectors fabricated from Ga2O3 through the light‐induced neutralization of STHs.
Revealing the Principles of Confining Electroplated Lithium beneath the CVD Grown Single Layer 2D Materials
Authors: Wu Ruizhe , Wu Sheng , Pan Jie
Published: January 2025

Owing to the nanoscale thickness, excellent mechanical and chemical stabilities, 2D materials including graphene and hexagonal boron nitride have emerged as promising artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) candidates for lithium metal batteries. However, whether the implementation of 2D materials is beneficial to electrochemical performance remains controversial, and the key to confining the electroplated Li beneath the 2D materials remains elusive. Here, a nanocrystalline graphene (NG) film is synthesized on high‐carbon Cu and the Li plating/stripping behavior on Cu grown with different 2D materials is investigated. Interestingly, in contrast to the commonly obtained Li particles on other substrates during nucleation, a smooth Li layer is obtained on NG/Cu, leading to a compact Li layer with more stable electrochemical performance. The finite element method simulations validate that the low electrical conductivity and the high density of defects on NG film drive the fast entry of electrolytes into the NG/Cu interface and promote homogenous Li nucleation. This work reveals the principles of confining electroplated Li beneath the 2D materials, and paves the way for the applications of 2D materials in artificial SEIs and anode‐free lithium metal batteries.
Isolated Tin Enhanced CO Coverage‐Regulation on Sn1Cu Alloy for Selective CO2 Electroreduction to C2+ Products
Authors: Liu Yijiang , Yue Zongye , Jin Chenghao , Zheng Lirong , Shi Jinbo , Li Dingding , Wang Yi , Bai Jinbo , Leng Kunyue , Wang Wentao , Qu Yunteng , Li Qingyang
Published: January 2025

Electricity‐powered C─C coupling of CO2 represents an attractive strategy for producing valuable commodity chemicals with renewable energy, but it is still challenging to gain high C2+ selectivity at high current density. Here, a Sn1Cu single‐atom alloy (SAA) is reported with isolated Sn atom embedded into the Cu lattice, as efficient ectrocatalyst for CO2 reduction. The as prepared Sn1Cu‐SAA catalyst shows a maximal C2+ Faradaic efficiency of 79.3% at 800 mA cm−2, which can be kept stable for at least 16 h. The combination of in situ spectroscopy and DFT calculation reveal that the introduced Sn atom promote the activation of CO2 to *CO, and enhance the CO coverage on Sn1Cu‐SAA. As results, the reaction barrier of C─C coupling pathway is significantly reduced, boosting the generation of C2+ products. These findings offer a novel sight for fabricating multicarbon products from CO2 via regulation the concentration of intermediates on catalytic interface.
Gastric Cancer Models Developed via GelMA 3D Bioprinting Accurately Mimic Cancer Hallmarks, Tumor Microenvironment Features, and Drug Responses
Authors: Ju Mingguang , Jin Zhizhong , Yu Xue , Huang Caihao , Li Yanshu , Gao Ziming , Li He , Huang Haibo , Zheng Chen , Jia Shiheng , Zhang Yixiao , Liu Xiaofang , Zhou Heng , Zhang Xing , Li Kai
Published: January 2025

Current in vitro models for gastric cancer research, such as 2D cell cultures and organoid systems, often fail to replicate the complex extracellular matrix (ECM) found in vivo. For the first time, this study utilizes a gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, a biomimetic ECM‐like material, in 3D bioprinting to construct a physiologically relevant gastric cancer model. GelMA's tunable mechanical properties allow for the precise manipulation of cellular behavior within physiological ranges. Genetic and phenotypic analyses indicate that the 3D bioprinted GelMA (3Db) model accurately mimics the clinical tumor characteristics and reproduces key cancer hallmarks, such as cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis, and the Warburg effect. Comparisons of gene expression and drug responses between the 3Db model and patient‐derived xenograft models, both constructed from primary gastric cancer cells, validate the model's clinical relevance. The ability of the 3Db model to closely simulate in vivo conditions highlights its crucial role in identifying treatment targets and predicting patient‐specific responses, showcasing its potential in high‐throughput drug screening and clinical applications. This study is the first to report the pivotal role of GelMA‐based 3D bioprinting in advancing gastric cancer research and regenerative medicine.
Solar Evaporator with Dual Gradient Heating Effect for Sustained and Efficient Desalination
Authors: Chen Chuanliang , Tian Ke , Xiong Lianhu , Dai Zijian , Li Qianyang , Cheng Minhan , Fu Qiang , Deng Hua
Published: January 2025

Solar desalination shows promise in tackling freshwater shortages, but challenges arise from the trade‐off between water transportation and heat supply, affecting evaporators' efficiency and salt resistance. Additionally, intermittent nature of solar radiation significantly diminishes overall evaporative performance. This study presents dual‐gradient heating solar evaporator for efficient desalination. Dual‐gradient heating is enabled through wettability difference (hydrophilicity aerogel and hydrophobicity film) and difference in phase transition temperature of phase change material, thus, effective heat supply can be provided to evaporation layer consisting of vertically oriented phase‐change aerogel by surrounding heating layer consisting of phase‐change film, with and without solar radiation. Employing this design, evaporator demonstrates industry‐leading comprehensive performance in practical use. Under one sun illumination, evaporation rate achieves 6.84 kgm−2h−1 in 5.0 wt% salinity, with efficiency of 90.9%. In darkness, evaporation rate remains high at 2.61 kgm−2h−1 (30 minutes). Moreover, evaporator exhibits outstanding solar energy storage capacity and long‐term stabe evaporative performance and salt resistance for 7‐day testing. Furthermore, evaporator successfully produces freshwater from real Bohai Sea water under weak outdoor lighting, addressing recommended daily intake of water for 2.5 households. This work introduces new perspective for maximizing utilization of solar energy for seawater desalination and overcoming intermittent solar radiation.
Site‐Specific for CO2 Photoreduction with Single‐Atom Ni on Strained TiO2−x Derived from Bimetallic Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Gao Ailin , Wan Bingjie , Ren Shoucan , Jia Changchao , Liu Wengang , Han XinXin , Xing Fangshu , Liu Jian
Published: January 2025

The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 in water to produce fuels and chemicals is promising while challenging. However, many photocatalysts for accomplishing such challenging task usually suffer from unspecific catalytic active sites and the inefficient charge carrier's separation. Here, a site‐specific single‐atom Ni/TiO2−x catalyst is reported by in situ topological transformation of Ni‐Ti‐EG bimetallic metal–organic frameworks. The loading of nickel nanoparticles or individual atoms, which act as specific active sites, can be precisely regulated by chelating agents through the partial removal of nickel and adjacent oxygen atoms. Furthermore, the degree of lattice strain in Ni/TiO2−x catalysts, which improves the separation efficiency of charge carriers, can be modulated by fine‐tuning the transformation process. By leveraging the anchored nickel atoms and the strained TiO2, the optimized NiSA0.27/TiO2−x shows a CO generation rate of 86.3 µmol g−1 h−1 (288 times higher than that of NiNPs/TiO2−x) and CO selectivity of up to 92.5% for CO2 reduction in a pure‐water system. This work underscores the importance of tailoring lattice strain and creating specific single‐atom active sites to facilitate the efficient and selective reduction of CO2.
Ultrahigh‐Selectivity Photocatalytic Upgrading of Bio‐Aldehydes/Diols to Monoalcohols Via In Situ Circumventing Coupling Co‐Products Over Janus Single‐Atom Pd/TiO2
Authors: Meng Ye , Li Jie , Liu Huan , Liu Tengyu , Hu Jinguang , Li Hu
Published: January 2025

Photocatalytic transfer hydrogenation of biomass‐derived aldehydes to alcohols often results in unwanted coupling co‐products. Herein, an ultraselective hydrogen transfer system enabled by in situ oxidative C─C bond cleavage over a Janus single‐atom palladium on titanium dioxide (0.5Pd/TiO2) photocatalyst is presented. The TiO2 carrier promotes hydrogen‐donor activation, while Pd single atoms function as both electron and hydrogen transfer centers, enabling photocatalytic conversion of bio‐based furfural to furfuryl alcohol in >99% yield using ethanol as solvent/H‐donor at 25 °C. The control/in situ experiments and calculations reveal that ethanol on 0.5Pd/TiO2 preferentially activates a co‐formed coupling by‐product to undergo C─C bond cleavage followed by proton‐coupled electron transfer, exclusively producing furfuryl alcohol. 0.5Pd/TiO2 with good reusability is applicable to hydrogenative upgrading of various aldehydes/diols into corresponding monoalcohols with 81‒99% yields. This in situ Janus photocatalytic conversion strategy offers a new approach to eliminate side reactions in reductive upgrading of unsaturated organics/biomass with high selectivity.