bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Pulsed Interference Laser Heating on Crystallization of amorphous Fe77Cu1Si13B9 Ribbons
Authors: Radziszewska Agnieszka , Czyż Olaf
Published: April 2024

The amorphous Fe77Cu1Si13B9 ribbons were treated with pulsed laser interference heating (PLIH). It was confirmed here that the use of the laser heating process allowed for obtaining two-dimensional crystallised micro-areas, periodically distributed (at a distance of 17µm) on the surface of the amorphous ribbons. The correlation between structural changes (SEM, TEM, HRTEM) and the distribution of magnetic field lines of heated amorphous Fe77Cu1Si13B9 (FeCuSiB) ribbons is presented. Particular attention is paid to structure changes in micro-areas where, by controlling the laser interference heating process, partial crystallisation of amorphous alloys and the formation of clusters or single nanocrystallites (α-Fe(Si)) embedded in an amorphous matrix are given. The addition of copper to the FeSiB alloy promoted inhibition of grain growth. Electron holography of micro-areas confirmed shifts of the magnetic field lines in the areas of nanocrystallites, the presence of which in the structure caused magnetisation of the surrounding amorphous matrix.
A Single Buyer Model of Imbalance Cost Pass-Through Pricing Forecasting under Malaysia Electricity Supply Industry
Authors: Khairuddin Fatin Khairunnisa , Zaini Farah Anishah , Sulaima Mohamad Fani , Shamsudin Nur Hazahsha , Abu Hanifah Mohd Shahrin
Published: April 2024

The Imbalance Cost Pass-Through (ICPT) is a flexible component of the Incentive Regulation (IBR) that empowers power producers to adjust tariffs in response to variable fuel prices, thereby enhancing the economic resilience of electricity generation. However, the cost of electricity generation is significantly influenced by the volatility of commodity prices, including coal, gas and LNG. In Malaysia, the Energy Commission has conducted biannual reviews of fuel and other generation costs. Any cost savings or increases identified during these reviews will be passed on to customers in the form of rebates or surcharges. Due to that reason, this study proposes ICPT price forecasting for the electricity market in Peninsular Malaysia. The study aims to construct an ICPT-related baseline model for the peninsular generation data by employing three forecasting methods. The forecasting performance is analysed by a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). In findings, the ARIMA method is one of the most accurate forecasting methods for fuel prices compared to the Moving Average (MA) and LSSVM methods. The observed price differences between the ARIMA and LSSVM models for ICPT are minimal. The ICPT price for July-December 2022 and January-June 2023 is MYR 0.21/ kWh for ARIMA and MYR 0.18/kWh for LSSVM, which are close to the actual TNB’s ICPT tariff. As for the forecasting, the ICPT price is expected to drop for the next announcement. The findings of this study may contribute to a positive impact on the sustainability of the energy sector in Malaysia.
Calibration Error in 21-cm Experiments Global Spectrum Experiment
Authors: Sun Shijie , de Lera Acedo Eloy , Wu Fengquan , Yue Bin , Zhu Jiacong , Chen Xuelei
Published: April 2024

The redshifted 21 cm line signal is a powerful probe of the cosmic dawn and the epoch of reionisation. The global spectrum can potentially be detected with a single antenna and spectrometer. However, this measurement requires an extremely accurate calibration of the instrument to facilitate the separation of the 21 cm signal from the much brighter foregrounds and possible variations in the instrument response. Understanding how the measurement errors propagate in a realistic instrument system and affect system calibration is the focus of this work. We simulate a 21 cm global spectrum observation based on the noise wave calibration scheme. We focus on how measurement errors in reflection coefficients affect the noise temperature, and how typical errors impact on the recovery of the 21 cm signal, especially in the frequency domain. Results show that for our example set up, a typical VNA measurement error in the magnitude of the reflection coefficients of the antenna, receiver, open cable which are 0.001, 0.001, 0.002 (linear) respectively would result in a 200 mK deviation on the detected signal, and a typical measurement error of 0.48∘, 0.78∘, 0.15∘ in the respective phases would cause a 40 mK deviation. The VNA measurement error can greatly affect the result of a 21 cm global spectrum experiment using this calibration technique, and such a feature could be mistaken for or be combined with the 21 cm signal.
Microbial Protein Production using Lignocellulosic Biomass and Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Ayodele Tawakalt , Alarape Kudirat , Bello Ibrahim Adebayo , Tijani Abodunrin , Musiliu Liadi , Hammed Ademola
Published: April 2024

The expanding global population has increased the demand for sustainable protein sources, and microbial protein (MP) has emerged as a promising alternative. However, conventional carbon (glucose) and nitrogen (ammonia, urea) sources needed for MP production pose environmental and economic issues. This study aims to produce protein using lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) as a carbon source and the nitrogen fixation ability of Klebsiella oxytoca M5A1 as a nitrogen source. The study investigates the pretreatment of LCB (switchgrass), enzymatic hydrolysis, protein quantification, and high-performance liquid chromatography system (HPLC) analysis to track glucose utilization and organic acid production. K. oxytoca M5A1 harnessed free nitrogen from the atmosphere through nitrogen fixation and used abundant, cheap glucose from LCB to produce MP and organic acids as by-products. Protein production occurred in two phases: first within the initial 8 hours and secondly, within the last 16 hours. The highest protein concentration was at 40 hours, with approximately 68.3% protein content. HPLC analysis revealed a dynamic profile of glucose utilization and organic acids (Lactic acid, Propionic acid, Acetic acid, and Succinic acid). K. oxytoca M5A1 exhibited an early high rate of glucose consumption, and conversion to organic acids that were later used for second-phase protein production. The acids profile revealed intra-conversion from one acid to another via metabolic pathways (glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid cycle). Overall, leveraging LCB and the nitrogen-fixing ability of K. oxytoca M5A1 for MP production offers an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional protein sources, contributing to a sustainable circular economy.
Calcium-Based Biochar Loaded with Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Acted as an Eco-Friendly Strategy to Enhance Soil Nutrients and Plant Biomass
Authors: Zhang BO , Wang Linshan , Cao Long , Qi Yanjiao , Zhao Yamin , Wang Zifan , Zhang Hong , Lu Huining , Abdul Peer Mohamed
Published: April 2024

The loose and porous structure and abundant pores of biochar provide conditions for being a suitable fertilizer carrier. Biochar loaded with beneficial microorganisms will greatly promote plant growth and soil improvement. In this work, an environmentally friendly Paenibacillus mucilaginosus loaded biochar-based fertilizer (B@PM) with high nutrient content, good slow-release effect and increased biological activity was prepared. The released mechanism of P-K-Ca from B@PM and the synergistic effect on the soil nutrients and plant growth were also analyzed. The experimental results showed that the release behavior of P, K and Ca from B@PM was diffusive and dissolved, which conforms to the Power function and Parabolic diffusion models, respectively. The potting experiment showed that the root length (30.77%), leaf width (71.67%), and plant height (81.08%) of Chinese cabbage were enhanced after the application of B@PM, and the organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, and total calcium in the soil were also substantially enhanced. In addition, the abundance of the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes in the in the rhizosphere soil was increased, as well as the activities of catalase (82.84%) and alkaline phosphatase (39.64%). The results of RDA analyses showed that B@PM increased the content of the environmental factors, such as OM, URE, EC, TCa, AK, CAT, AP and ALP, thus improving soil quality and plant length.
Rapid Non-Destructive Detection Technology in the Field of Meat Tenderness: A Review
Authors: Li Yanlei , Wang Huaiqun , Yang Zihao , Wang Xiangwu , Wang Wenxiu , Hui Teng
Published: April 2024

Meat serves as a vital component of the human diet, offering a rich source of protein and essential trace elements. China stands as both a significant producer and consumer of meat on a global scale, leading the world in terms of total meat production and consumption. As the standard of living within the country continues to rise, there is a growing emphasis on the nutritional value and safety of meat consumption. The tenderness of meat is a critical factor influencing its overall quality. Traditionally, tenderness has been assessed through shear force testing, a method that is inherently destructive, inefficient, and results in considerable sample wastage. In light of these drawbacks, non-destructive testing techniques have emerged as a preferred alternative, promising greater accuracy, efficiency, and convenience without compromising the integrity of the samples. This paper delves into the application of five advanced non-destructive testing technologies in the realm of meat tenderness assessment. These include near-infrared spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, Raman spectroscopy, airflow optical fusion detection, and nuclear magnetic resonance detection. Each technology is scrutinized for its respective strengths and limitations, providing a comprehensive overview of their current utility and potential for future development. Moreover, the integration of these techniques with the latest advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology is explored. The fusion of AI with non-destructive testing offers a promising avenue for the development of more sophisticated, rapid, and intelligent systems for meat tenderness evaluation. This integration is anticipated to significantly enhance the efficiency and accuracy of quality assessment in the meat industry, ensuring a higher standard of safety and nutritional value for consumers. The paper concludes with a set of technical recommendations aimed at guiding the future direction of non-destructive, AI-enhanced meat tenderness detection, thereby contributing to the ongoing improvement of the meat industry in China and beyond.
Professionally phubbed: a mixed-method experiment measuring the effects of phone snubbing behaviour during a job interview
Authors: Ochs Carli , Jaunin Astride , Kosnowski Nathalie , Sauer Juergen
Published: April 2024

Phubbing (i.e. ignoring someone while using a phone) may occur at work, having an impact on the phubbee, the phubber and the organization at large. We used a mixed method experiment to examine the impact of phubbing on different work-related variables such as objective performance, extra-role behaviour, subjective states, and first impression judgements during job interviews. Ninety-three participants took part in a simulated job interview based on the Trier Social Stress Test. In the experimental group, participants were repeatedly phubbed during both the interview and a subsequent performance test. At the end of the experiment, phubbed participants were asked to describe their experience and thematic analysis was used to evaluate their responses. Overall, results of the quantitative analysis revealed that first impressions, judgements and subjective states were negatively affected by phubbing. Regarding performance, a within-session analysis revealed that participants performed faster on a performance test (mental arithmetic task) when they were not phubbed compared to when they were phubbed. No effect of phubbing was found on extra-role behaviour. A qualitative analysis of responses revealed considerable differences between interviewees in their use of coping strategies (e.g., rationalization of phubbing). These findings suggest the need to address phubbing at the workplace.
Influence of Structured Human Capital and Psychological Health on Export Quality: An Empirical Analysis of Innovation Capacity Mediation across Chinese Regions
Authors: ChenyuWang  , XiaoweiZhou
Published: April 2024

Objective: This research undertakes a comprehensive ex-amination of the direct and indirect effects of the health human capital, inclusive of the dimension of psychological health, on the quality of exports at the firm level. The study underscores the potential of a well-structured human capital to alleviate psychological health issues, thereby augmenting productivity and enhancing the quality of exports.
Methods: The empirical analysis is conducted using firm-year data extracted from three harmonised data-bases. The study employs a benchmark regression to validate the positive correlation between the healthy human capital structure, with a particular emphasis on psycho-logical health, and the quality of exports. The role of innovation capacity as a facilitator is further elucidated through a mediation analysis. To verify the validity of the regression results, we undertake robustness checks on the regression methods and regional disparities.
Results: The results indicate that a healthy human capital structure, which reflects psychological health of human capital, significantly enhances innovation capacity of staff. Also, there is a positive relationship between in-novation capacity and export quality. Then, the mediating effect of innovation capacity accounts for 17% of the total impact of the healthy human capital structure on the quality of exports. The study also uncovers regional disparities in the influence of local human resources on a firm's healthy human capital structure, with a more pronounced mediation impact observed in enterprises located in the eastern region compared to those in the central and western regions.
Conclusions: The findings of the study states that healthy human capital structure reflects psychological health of human capital, it affirms crucial role of healthy human capital structure in export products' quality and the significant role of innovation capacity in enhancing the quality of exports through the healthy human capital structure. The study also emphasises the necessity of considering regional disparities in the influence of local human resources on a firm's health human capital structure. These insights hold substantial value for firms aiming to augment their export quality through the im-provement of their human capital structure and innovation capacity. Our findings indicate the significance of a company's internal human resources, specifically its healthy human capital structure with dimension of psychological health and innovation potential, in enhancing export quality.
Effectiveness of Cryotherapy on Function, Pain Intensity, Swelling, Dorsiflexion Range of Motion in Acute Ankle Sprain: Protocol for the Frost Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Miranda Júlio , Correa Fabiane G. , Silva Hytalo J. , Figueiredo Rafaela C. , Oliveira Victor G. , Fonseca Gabriel M. , Silva Samuel S.B.F. , Lamas Itayano M. , Santos Samuel P. , Ataíde Frederico S. , Santos Anderson J. , Coelho Germano M. , Oliveira Vinícius C.
Published: April 2024

Background: Cryotherapy is a low-cost treatment option recommended by clinical practice guidelines in acute ankle sprain. However, current quality of the evidence that supports cryotherapy is still unclear. New high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed. The aim of the FROST randomized controlled trial is to investigate the effectiveness of cryotherapy on function, pain intensity, swelling and dorsiflexion range of motion in people with an acute episode of ankle sprain.
Methods:This is a protocol of the FROST two-arm randomised controlled trial. Eighty-two participants over 18 years old presenting grade I or II ankle sprain up to 72 hours from the episode will be randomly allocated to Ice Group (i.e., home prescription to apply cryotherapy on the injured ankle with elevation plus non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medication – NSAID) or No Ice Group (i.e., elevation plus NSAID). Our primary outcome is function measured by the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS) questionnaire. Our secondary outcomes are pain intensity (11-points numerical rating scale), swelling (figure-of-eight method) and dorsiflexion range of motion (goniometry). Participants will be assessed at baseline, post-treatment (7 to 14 days) and 12 weeks after allocation. Analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle using mixed linear models.
Discussion: The results of this study will clarify the effectiveness of cryotherapy in acute ankle sprain for better clinical decision-making processes.
Trial registration {2a}: REBEC, ID RBR-8v9gr9c - Effectiveness of Cryotherapy on function, pain intensity, swelling, dorsiflexion range of motion in Acute Ankle Sprain: a randomized controlled trial - the FROST study – registered 02 mar. 2023 - https://ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-8v9gr9c
Entrepreneurial Team Psychology A study of the relationship between compatibility and entrepreneurial performance
Authors: Li Chao , Zhou Xuegang
Published: April 2024

In recent years, innovation and entrepreneurship have become the source of power to promote economic growth. Innovation and entrepreneurship can not only bring economic prosperity and development, but also alleviate the employment dilemma. The country is in urgent need of high-level innovation and high-level entrepreneurship, so entrepreneurship research has become a hot topic in academia. However, not all entrepreneurial enterprises can succeed, and the vast majority of entrepreneurial activities end in failure. Therefore, academia has begun to pay attention to the factors that affect the success of entrepreneurial enterprises. In this study, on the basis of combing relevant research literature at home and abroad, the concepts of psychological compatibility, team interaction quality, team cohesion and entrepreneurial performance are defined, and the theoretical model of the influence mechanism between entrepreneurial team psychological compatibility, team interaction quality, team cohesion and entrepreneurial performance is constructed, and the relevant hypotheses are put forward for testing. The research finds that: (1) the psychological compatibility of entrepreneurial team has a significant positive impact on entrepreneurial performance; (2) team cohesion and team interaction quality play an intermediary role in the influence of team psychological compatibility on entrepreneurial performance; (3) team interaction quality and team cohesion play a chain mediation effect in the influence of team psychological compatibility on innovation performance. Finally, three practical enlightenments are proposed, which have certain reference value for entrepreneurial teams to better seek entrepreneurial team members and better carry out entrepreneurial activities in the initial entrepreneurship and team evolution.
Operando Probing of the Fischer-Tropsch Reaction on Co Single Crystal Surfaces up to 1 bar
Authors: Nilsson Anders , Lömker Patrick , Degerman David , Goodwin Christopher , Shipilin Mikhail , Amann Peter , Rodrigues Gabriel , Martinez Fernando Garcia , Rameshan Raffael , Gladh Jörgen , Wang Hsin-Yi , Holm Alexander , Tober Steffen , Schober Jan-Christian , Jacobse Leon , Soldemo Markus , Vonk Vedran , Gleissner Robert , Noei Heshmat , Hegedüs Zoltan , Stierle Andreas , Schlueter Christoph
Published: April 2024

The surface chemistry of the Fischer-Tropsch catalytic reaction over Co has still several unknows. Here, we report an operando X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of Co(0001) and Co(1014), and operando high energy surface X-ray diffraction of Co(0001), during the Fischer-Tropsch reaction at 0.15 bar − 1 bar and 406 K − 548 K in a H2/CO gas mixture. We find that the Co surfaces remain metallic under all conditions and that the coverage of chemisorbed species ranges from 0.4–1.7 monolayers depending on pressure and temperature. The adsorbates include CO on-top, C/-CxHy and various longer hydrocarbon molecules, indicating a rate-limiting direct CO dissociation pathway and that only hydrocarbon species participate in the chain growth. The accumulation of hydrocarbon species points to the termination step being rate-limiting as well. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the intermediate surface species are highly dynamic, appearing and disappearing with time delays after rapid changes in the reactants’ composition.
Fe 2 O 3 nano particles embedded Fe 2 O 3 /BP2000 composite for Li-S battery
Authors: Lu Yi , Liu Tao
Published: April 2024

Shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides in lithium sulfur batteries greatly influenced their commercialization. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a cheep and effective way to alleviate the shuttle effect. Fe is an active transition element which has good catalytic ability, in this work, a simple wet impregnation method was used to make Fe ions infiltrate into the pores of BP2000 (a kind of commercial conductive carbon), then it was calcined in N2 atmosphere to get a Fe2O3/BP2000 composite and used as a separator modification layer. The Fe2O3 nano particles are decorated in the pores of BP2000 which greatly enhanced the absorption ability on lithium polysulfides, additionally it also has excellent catalytic effect on lithium polysulfides, thus the Fe2O3/BP2000 layer can be served as a secondary collector to re-engage the polysulfides in the cathode reaction. In this way, the lithium sulfur batteries use the Fe2O3/BP2000 modified separator show impressive electrochemical performances.
GAM-YOLOv7-tiny and Soft-NMS-AlexNet: Improved lightweight sheep body object detection and pose estimation network
Authors: Gong Xinyao , Liu Qinli , Fu Ruijie , Zhou Ruoran , Xie Tianyu , Chen Xiaoyan
Published: April 2024

Intelligent livestock farming has been a major focus of attention in recent years. Using deep learning to assist livestock management can effectively reduce labor loss and improve management efficiency. Lightweighting plays a key role in the deployment and practical use of deep learning models, and most existing sheep-based deep learning models do not focus on this, which has become a major factor limiting the development of smart sheep farming. Therefore, in this paper, first, a GAM-YOLOv7-tiny neural network model for object detection of sheep was investigated. The size of the model reached 3.5G, which was a reduction to 26.3% of the original size, the FLOPS was reduced by 74.1%, the experimental result reached 96.4% of mAP and the FPS reached 88.232 on an RTX 1650Ti. Second, a Soft-NMS-AlexNet neural network model for key point recognition of sheep bodies was investigated with a model size of 1.97G, and the final experimental results achieved 82% AP and 190.86 ± 23.97 FPS. Finally, we completed the behavior recognition of the standing and lying posture of sheep using the pose estimation model, which provides a research solution for performing behavioral monitoring and giving early warnings for diseases for sheep.
Investigation of Dynamics of a Droplet Impacting a Pair of Circular Cylinders
Authors: Ezzatneshan Eslam , Fattahi Ayoub
Published: April 2024

This study explores the intricate dynamics of droplet impact on adjacent cylindrical surfaces. Utilizing the multiphase lattice Boltzmann method and the Allen-Cahn equation, the research delves into how various factors such as droplet size, velocity, surface wettability, and cylinder proximity influence the impact dynamics. It is found that increasing the distance between the cylinders enhances the penetration of the liquid phase and the maximum extent of the liquid ligament. Specifically, at certain distances, the droplet tends to reach equilibrium predominantly on one side of the cylinders, resulting in a shorter ligament length. The study also examines the impact of Reynolds and Weber numbers on droplet dynamics. A reduction in the Reynolds number diminishes the impact inertia, leading to a decrease in the initial length of the liquid ligament and the wetted surface area. Over time, however, the final length of the liquid between the cylinders and the wetted surface is higher for lower Reynolds number impacts due to less liquid separation from the cylinder surfaces. An increase in the Weber number, conversely, reduces surface tension effects relative to inertial force, causing more extensive spreading of the droplet on the cylinder surfaces and altering the movement of separated droplets post-impact. Furthermore, the study highlights the influence of surface wettability. As the contact angle increases, hydrophobic effects repel the liquid phase, resulting in more elongated droplets post-impact. At lower contact angles, the predominance of surface adhesion facilitates quicker equilibrium attainment, while higher contact angles lead to prolonged equilibrium due to oscillatory droplet behavior. These findings offer novel insights into the interactions between droplets and adjacent curved surfaces, with significant implications for optimizing industrial processes and developing new technologies in fields such as inkjet printing and spray coating.
Safeguarding Life:Construction the Conceptual Model of Nursing Professionalism
Authors: cao huili , Mao Ya , Cao Zhuoxi , Li Linbo , Song YeJun , He Xingyue , Wu Yanming , chen Yangjie , Wang Qiaohong , Yang Hui
Published: April 2024

Aim: The aim of this study was to clarify and develop a conceptual framework for Nursing Professionalism.
Background：Nursing professionalism is the guide for nurses in all nursing work. Nurses with good professionalism are the main force to safeguard the health of all mankind. The concept of Nursing professionalism still exhibits ambiguity.
Design: This study used Charmaz's Constructing Grounded Theory.
Methods: 38 participants were interviewed including nursing students, clinical nurses, nursing managers, doctors and patients in China form May 2021 to August 2022. We used purpose sampling, theoretical sampling, and snowball sampling. By exploring the understanding of the concept of nursing professionalism among stakeholders, the researchers explored and clarified the conceptual connotation of nursing professionalism.
Findings: The conceptual framework of nursing professionalism includes four connotations: altruism, dedication, caring, professional. Altruism include patient first and benefit others. Dedication include endure, patience, tolerance, and expecting nothing in return. Caring include reverence for life, empathy, compassion, and concern. Professional include sensitivity, responsibility, excellence, self-discipline, and collaboration.
Conclusion：This study clearly clarified the conceptual framework of nursing professionalism, which is conducive to further developing standardized evaluation tools in future research, accurately analyzing its development path, and cultivating nursing teams with high level of nursing professionalism.
Modulating Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence by the anti-cholesterol drugs Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin
Authors: Nazeih Shaimaa I. , El-Ganiny Amira M. , Eissa Ahmed G. , Elbaramawi Samar S. , Gad Amany I.
Published: April 2024

Background
Study of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistance has become an urgent topic since antibiotic resistance has escalated exceedingly. Even with the intense interest, development of new antibiotics and other therapeutic strategies for P. aeruginosa infections is at a painstakingly slow pace due to the complexity of drug resistance, as well as the lack of a deep understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms for P. aeruginosa. Repurposing of the already FDA-approved drugs is one of the promising strategies in combating Pseudomonas resistance or virulence.
Results
In this study we tested the anti-virulence effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin against P. aeruginosa. The assessed virulence factors include: biofilm formation and production of pyocyanin, protease, hemolysin and rhamnolipids. Significantly, atorvastatin and rosuvastatin decreased the production of bacterial biofilm and reduced other virulence factors. Moreover, the anti-quorum sensing (QS) activity of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin was assessed using qRT-PCR. the expression of QS genes was reduced using atorvastatin and rosuvastatin. Furthermore, in-vivo capability of statins to protect mice against P. aeruginosa was assessed, both drugs protected mice from P. aeruginosa and enhanced their survival. In addition, molecular docking was used to evaluate binding between statin and QS-receptors, rosuvastatin showed better interaction with QS-receptors than atorvastatin, as rosuvastatin has higher binding scores with LasR, RhlR, and LasB, while atorvastatin showed higher binding with the PqsR.
Conclusion
statins attenuated the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa, locating it as a plausible potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of its infections.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Flora and its Role in Offsetting Carbon along National Highway-16, India
Authors: Ramamohan H. , Raminaidu S. , Sudhakar I. , Dinakar P. , Reddy B. Visweswara
Published: April 2024

Quick upsurge of carbon and other greenhouse gases are liable to change the global temperatures, to hold back these gases planned efforts are needed. Present study focused on National Highway-16 of Srikakulam district, which is upgraded from 4 to 6 lane standard to facilitate the traffic has stimulated concerns. This study intended to compute the carbon sequestration and storage capacity of above and below ground biomass. This helps in comparison and impact of the road project on flora and its carbon pool, from where future tree stock changes can be prepared. A total of 1930 plots were made scientifically in crisscross way of equal size (2 x 100 m), all woody trees with dbh ≥ 30cm were considered and measured their diameters. In which a total of 29 tree species belongs to 14 families were identified; the quantity of macrobiotic carbon sequestered as a whole i.e. above and below ground was 768890.29 tC; 199911.48 tC respectively. The mean sequestration rate of carbon as biomass at the above ground was 1.19 tC/ tree and below ground was 0.31 tC/ tree. The estimated average C-Stock per tree was 1.5 tC, however, the mean C-Stock per quadrate was 250.2 tC is recorded.
Persistence and clearance rate of human papillomaviruses with and without treatment for cervical dysplasia
Authors: Abate Alemayehu , Munshea Abaineh , Nibret Endalkachew , Alemayehu Dawit Hailu , Alemu Ashenafi , Abdissa Alemseged , Mihret Adane , Abebe Markos , Mulu Andargachew
Published: April 2024

Infections of Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) frequently spread through sexual contact. The aim of this study was to assess the persistence and clearance rate of HPV infection. A prospective cohort study was conducted between January and December 2023 among patients attending gynecology unit of FHCSH in Bahir Dar, northwest Ethiopia. Out of 297 study participants, 95 women were followed, of these 89/95(93.7%) were HPV positive at the baseline study. Of which, 41/89(46.1%) did not receive treatment, the rest 48/89(53.9%) were treated. Among the women without treatment, HPV persistence and clearance rates were 65.9% (27/41) and 34.1% (14/41) respectively while persistence rate of 46.3% (19/41) and clearance rate of 53.7% (22/41) were observed in 12-month follow up period. Among women with treatment, HPV persistence rate of 45.8% (22/48) and clearance rate of 54.2% (26/48) were recorded in six while persistence rate of 33.3% (16/48) and clearance rate of 66.7% (32/48) were observed in 12- month follow up period. The findings of our study indicated that the high persistence rate and low clearance rate of HPV infection. Detection of persistent HPV infection without treatment or after treatment should be considered as the main risk factor for the development or recurrence of cervical neoplasia.
Stabilization of a single-stranded DNA of adeno-associated virus by inverted terminal repeats
Authors: Yuan Yuzhe , Higashiyama Kiyoko , Ito Emi , Masumi-Koizumi Kyoko , Yusa Keisuke , Uchida Kazuhisa
Published: April 2024

Parvoviruses have evolved to possess a linear single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) genome ranging from 4 to 6.3 kb. Adeno-associated virus (AAV), a member of the Parvoviridae family, contains approximately 5 kb of linear ssDNA within its capsid. This ssDNA features two 145-base inverted terminal repeats (ITRs) positioned at each end. ITRs have a T-shaped hairpin secondary structure, which plays a crucial role in viral replication. To investigate the impact of ITRs on ssDNA stability, we conducted a DNA denaturation-reannealing assay in 10 mM magnesium acetate, 50 mM potassium acetate, and 20 mM Tris-acetate buffer at pH7.9. Conventional double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) fragments retain a reannealing capability of over 50% for sizes under 8.8 kb, gradually losing this capability as sizes increase; however, dsDNA fragments in rAAV ranging from 0.7 to 6.3 kb did not exhibit a reannealing profile. This suggests that the presence of ITRs at both ends hinders annealing between the complementary strands. These results indicate that ITR structures preferentially induce an ssDNA conformation less than 6.3 kb in size, and that the stability of AAV ssDNA contributes to the viral life cycle, including processes such as infection, replication, and packaging. Considering the size of parvovirus genomes, it appears that their genomes require reversible flexibility in complementary DNA strands; simultaneously, this adaptability needs to be regulated by specific palindromic ITRs at both ends.
A moderately refined and efficient regional seismic damage simulation method considering building irregularity
Authors: Chen Wen-Yue , Yu Ding-Hao , Li Gang
Published: April 2024

Irregular buildings that occupy a certain proportion on regional scales are prone to suffer serious damage from earthquakes due to the influence of lateral-torsional coupling effect. However, the current regional seismic damage simulation methods are mainly based on two-dimensional simplified models, which cannot take into account the spatial characteristics of irregular buildings. In addition, the refined finite-element method is unsuitable for the simulation of a host of buildings on a regional scale. This paper proposes a moderately refined seismic damage simulation method for building groups with high efficiency to consider the spatial irregularity characteristics of structures. The moderately refined layer element model is established to simulate the nonlinear behavior of each story of the building with irregular plan configurations. For the elevation-irregular structures, the proposed model can also be used by properly combining the elements representing various stories in series. Additionally, a simplified approach of considering P-∆ effect is incorporated by adding equivalent lateral forces to nodes and the method for determining the hysteretic parameter and backbone curve parameters of the proposed model is illustrated. Then, a two-level accelerated dynamic analysis method is proposed to reduce computation time for seismic damage simulation in region, which involves a perturbation nonlinear dynamic governing equation for a single structure and an OpenMP parallel solution strategy for structure groups. Finally, the two individual numerical examples and the seismic damage simulation for a region are performed to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the proposed method.
Image recognition of carbonate fossils and abiotic particles based on deep convolutional neural network mode
Authors: Tao Ye , Bao Zhidong , Ma Fukang , Gao Da , He Youbin , Wang Fengxiang
Published: April 2024

Thin sections of carbonate rock offer a more precise and accurate method for identifying mineral characteristics, types of fossils, pore structures, inorganic grain types, and cementation in rocks. Geologists can interpret the depositional environment, diagenesis, and reservoir characteristics of carbonate formations based on the information obtained from thin sections. To accurately identify paleontological fossils in carbonate rocks, geologists need to conduct extensive research on paleontological morphology and undergo extensive training under a microscope for extended periods of time to identify fossils in thin sections. Sometimes, hundreds of carbonate flakes need to be described, which consumes a lot of manpower, resources and money, resulting in limited objectivity and efficiency of the study. Some studies have utilized machine learning to classify carbonate rock particles. However, they have encountered challenges such as using a large number of samples, developing overly complex models, which increases the cost of experiments, and being limited in the recognition of various particle types, particularly rare paleontological types. In this study, we implemented an algorithm based on deep convolutional neural networks to automatically classify paleontological fossils and abiotic particles from thin-section photographs. The model ensures high accuracy in recognition while maintaining a low cost. We trained two classical deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) architectures, VGG-16 and ResNet-18, on the original dataset (1,266 images) and the augmented dataset (6,330 images) containing 11 types, respectively. On the original dataset, the accuracy of the VGG-16 architecture is 79.8%, and the accuracy of the ResNet-18 architecture is 83.9%. On the improved dataset, the VGG-16 architecture achieved 98.8% accuracy, while the ResNet-18 architecture achieved 100% accuracy. This study demonstrates that even small sample datasets can yield strong training results and higher classification accuracies through data augmentation methods. Our findings could provide geologists with an easier and faster way to accomplish the complex and time-consuming task of identifying microscopic flakes.
Associations between breastfeeding and self-reported experience of the ‘10 Steps to Successful Breastfeeding’: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of maternity clinic practices in Cyprus
Authors: Economou Mary , Kolokotroni Ourania , Paphiti-Demetriou Irene , Kouta Christiana , Lambrinou Ekaterini , Hadjigeorgiou Eleni , Hadjiona Vasiliki , Middleton Nicos
Published: April 2024

Background
Even though the beneficial effect of the Baby-Friendly Hospital Initiative’s (BFHI) 10 Steps on breastfeeding initiation, continuation and exclusivity is well established, implementation in maternity care services remains suboptimal.
Objective
To assess the implementation of the “10 Steps for Successful Breastfeeding” and explore associations with any Breastfeeding (BF) and Exclusive Breastfeeding (EBF) initiation and continuation.
Methods
Implementation of the 10 Steps was assessed on the basis of a consecutive sample of 568 mothers’ self-reported experience across all public (N = 5) and 29 (of 35) private maternity clinics using the WHO/UNICEF Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative questionnaire (Section 4) within the first 24–48 hours after birth. BF and EBF were estimated within 48 hours after birth as well as at 1st, 4th and 6th month based on a self-reported current status method. Associations with initiation and continuation of any (BF) and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) up to the 6th month were explored in logistic regression after adjusting for potential confounders, including maternal breastfeeding self-efficacy. Associations were explored with individual steps as well as the overall experience, operationalized as the sum score of full, partial or no implementation of each self-assessment questionnaire item, with the exclusion of Step 6 (exclusivity).
Results
At mean score 6.2 (SD = 2.7), the overall 10 steps experience, was low (theoretical range 0–14), even among those who breastfed exclusively (M = 7.7, SD = 2.0). EBF and BF initiation and continuation showed a stepwise association with self-reported experience of the 10 steps. Across quartiles of increasing scores within 48 hours after birth, the prevalence of EBF was 7.5%, 14.4%, 19.0% and 34.2%. Mothers who experienced full or partial implementation of Step 4 (timely initiation with skin-to-skin) were more likely to initiate and continue BF and EBF up to the 4th month, while use of pacifiers was more likely to have an adverse effect on breastfeeding continuation and exclusivity.
Conclusion
The Baby Friendly hospital’s “10 Steps” are associated with BF initiation while certain practices seem to be more strongly associated with exclusivity and continuation of breastfeeding up to the sixth month While breastfeed intention may determine the actual experience of the 10 steps, this also suggests that maternity care practices can have a supportive role for mothers to succeed their intentions to BF and EBF. Certain practices appeared suboptimal across maternity clinics in Cyprus.
Nitric oxide inhibits ten-eleven translocation DNA demethylases to regulate 5mC and 5hmC across the genome
Authors: Thomas Douglas , Palczewski Marianne , Kuschman Hannah , Hoffman Brian , Yang Hao , Glynn Sharon , Wilson David , Kool Eric , Montfort William , Chang Jenny , Petenkaya Aydolun , Chronis Constantinos , Cundari Thomas , Sappa Sushma , Islam Kabirul , McVicar Daniel , Fan Yu , Chen Qingrong , Meerzaman Daoud , Sierk Michael
Published: April 2024

DNA methylation at cytosine bases of eukaryotic DNA (5-methylcytosine, 5mC) is a heritable epigenetic mark that can regulate gene expression in health and disease. Enzymes that metabolize 5mC have been well-characterized, yet the discovery of endogenously produced signaling molecules that regulate DNA methyl-modifying machinery have not been described. Herein, we report that the free radical signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) can directly inhibit the Fe(II)/2-OG-dependent DNA demethylases ten-eleven translocation (TET) and human AlkB homolog 2 (ALKBH2). Physiologic NO concentrations reversibly inhibited TET and ALKBH2 demethylase activity by binding to the mononuclear non-heme iron atom which formed a dinitrosyliron complex (DNIC) preventing cosubstrates (2-OG and O2) from binding. In cancer cells treated with exogenous NO, or cells endogenously synthesizing NO, there was a global increase in 5mC and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) in DNA, the substrates for TET, that could not be attributed to increased DNA methyltransferase activity. 5mC was also elevated in NO-producing cell-line-derived mouse xenograft and patient-derived xenograft tumors. Genome-wide DNA methylome analysis of cells chronically treated with NO (10 days) demonstrated enrichment of 5mC and 5hmC at gene-regulatory loci which correlated to changes in the expression of NO-regulated tumor-associated genes. Regulation of DNA methylation is distinctly different from canonical NO signaling and represents a novel epigenetic role for NO.
Unraveling the Associations Between Voice Pitch and Major Depressive Disorder: A Multisite Genetic Study
Authors: Flint Jonathan , Di Yazheng , Rahmani Elior , Mefford Joel , Wang Jinhan , Ravi Vijay , Gorla Aditya , Alwan Abeer , Kendler Kenneth , Zhu Tingshao
Published: April 2024

Major depressive disorder (MDD) often goes undiagnosed due to the absence of clear biomarkers. We sought to identify robust voice biomarkers for MDD and separate trait biomarkers indicative of MDD predisposition from state biomarkers reflecting current depressive symptoms. We investigated the association between voice pitch and MDD in a multisite recurrent MDD case-control cohort and validated our findings in a replication cohort. We then determined the heritability of identified features, their genetic correlation with MDD, and their association with depressive state. We found robust associations between MDD and pitch features, which depicted a slower pitch change and a lower pitch. These features achieved an AUC-ROC of 0.80 in MDD classification. Features measuring the variability and extremity of pitch change speed were heritable and had genetic correlations with MDD. State-related features were also detected. Our results return vocal features to a more central position in clinical and research work on MDD.
Reach the bottom: plant cover of the former Kakhovka Reservoir, Ukraine
Authors: Kuzemko Anna , Prylutskyi Oleh , Kolomytsev Grygoriy , Didukh Yakiv , Moysiyenko Ivan , Borsukevych Liubov , Chusova Olga , Splodytel Anastasiia , Khodosovtsev Oleksandr
Published: April 2024

On June 6, 2023, the dam of the Kakhovka hydroelectric power plant was detonated, causing an environmental catastrophe in the Northern Black Sea region. Despite the severe environmental and socio-economic repercussions, the disaster offered a unique opportunity to study vegetation development in the long-flooded area. We visited the area twice, three weeks and 3.5 months after the incident. Our studies found that the number of vascular plants in the area increased nearly seven times from June to October, contradicting initial pessimistic predictions of desertification. Both short-lived and perennial plants were almost equally represented, with many spread by the wind. Moreover, the low prevalence of alien species challenges hypotheses of neophyte overgrowth. We delineated four types of newly formed terrestrial habitats, including willow thickets and marshy habitats, as well as mud and shell-covered areas with sparse vegetation. Remote sensing methods, augmented by machine learning techniques, complemented these findings, providing a detailed habitat map for the entire reservoir bed. Our observations suggest the potential restoration of pre-reservoir vegetation, and may serve as a foundation for ongoing monitoring efforts. This study contributes to the understanding of ecological succession and habitat dynamics in post-catastrophic landscapes, informing future management strategies for such territories.
Creep Level Qualitative Evaluating of Crushed Rock Based on Uncertainty Measurement Theory and Hierarchical Analysis
Authors: Yang Tao , Wu Shiwei
Published: April 2024

A large number of tectonically mixed rock belts and complex tectonic zones are distributed in the southwestern part of China. In these areas, high geostress and tectonic stresses have caused some underground rock layers to be crushed and broken, eventually forming crushed rock zones. Which may undergo creep deformation under long-term loads. The thesis is based on a typical crushed rock in the southwestern China. Firstly, the factors affecting creep deformation were analysed, and the response law of each influencing factor to rock creep is demonstrated. Then, the theory of uncorroborated measures and hierarchical analysis were used to systematically correlate the factors influencing creep. Thereby, a creep level qualitative evaluating model of crushed rock is established. Finally, this model was used to qualitatively evaluate the creep level of the crushed rock in the study area. It is concluded that the creep level qualitative evaluating of this crushed rock is rated as Class II, which is characterised by a low creep level and small creep deformations (0 ~ 10mm). The research results can provide a reference for the creep analysis of crushed rock and provide a basis for the safe construction of engineering slopes.