bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of advanced computer technologies in determination of irrigation regimes for cotton in water scarcity areas
Authors: Khamidov Mukhammadkhon , Inamov Aziz , Islomov Utkir , Mamatkulov Zokhid
Published: January 2023

Agriculture is one of climate change's most sensitive economic sectors. In Uzbekistan, 95% of agricultural products come from irrigated lands. Because the agricultural sector of Uzbekistan meets the population's demand for food and industrial raw materials, ensuring national food security. Different climatic and soil-hydrogeological variations are countrywide significant to assess the possible increase in crop water demand and to determine the water consumption and irrigation regime in the irrigated lands. Therefore, this research aimed to create the hydrological module-zoning (HMZ) map of irrigated lands using geoinformation systems (GIS) technologies by employing spatial soil-hydrogeological data and determining water consumption and irrigation regimes for cotton according to FAO methodology. The area of investigation was the irrigated agricultural lands of the northern regions of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, located in Uzbekistan, which has undergone significant climate change over the last 30 years due to the Aral Sea tragedy and is faced with water scarcity. HMZ map of the study area has been figured out by ArcGIS 10.8 program based on Bespalov's methodology. Determining water demand of cotton developed by developed HMZs based on the CropWat 8.0 program using meteorological parameters. The study showed that identified areas of HMZ and the irrigation regime for cotton by Bespolov in the 80s of the last century have significantly changed because of climate change.
The ways of using collector drainage waters for irrigation
Authors: Usmanov Shavkat , Yakubov Murat , Mirkhasilova Zulfiya , Irmukhomedova Ludmila , Babakulova Luiza
Published: January 2023

For the conditions of Uzbekistan, it is necessary to maintain the reclamation condition of irrigated lands constantly and increase soil fertility. It is necessary to study the land reclamation condition in our region. An important factor is that collector-drainage waters are used for irrigation to pay off the shortage of water resources. The object of the study is the collector-drainage waters formed in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The article presents research on the method of statistical data processing, materials analysis, field research, and computer plotting curves and diagrams. As a result of the irrational use of collector-drainage waters, secondary clogging is observed in some areas. Data analysis was carried out from 2005 to 2020. The analysis of long-term studies shows that by 2020 there was a decrease in highly saline lands, which makes 83 thousand hectares. Whereas in 2005, saline lands made up 160 thousand hectares. Also, data analysis shows that areas with different mineralization are almost unchanged and need to develop scientifically based measures. The purpose and objectives of scientific research are to study irrigation with collector-drainage waters, their impact on the reclamation state of irrigation lands, and assess their suitability for irrigation. To increase the reliability of assessments of the quality of collector-drainage waters under various natural and economic conditions, it is recommended to use the relationship between water mineralization and the ratio of chlorine to sulfate. The dependence was built on the results of long-term data on the hydrochemical regime of collector-drainage waters. Estimates of our research have shown that at least 50% of the collector-drainage runoff is suitable for use in places of formation in Uzbekistan. Collector-drainage waters have mainly a sulfate type of salinity, and such waters with mineralization of 2-3 g/l, such waters with mineralization of 2-3 g/l can be used for repeated irrigation. To cover the shortage of irrigation water, drainage waters with increased mineralization by diluting them with fresh water will also be used for reuse.
Calculation of compelled fluctuations of panel buildings
Authors: Usarov Makhamatali , Mamatisaev Giyosiddin , Usarov Davronbek
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the dynamic calculation of the elements of the box structure of buildings under the action of seismic effects, taking into account the spatial work of the box elements, given by the displacement of their lower part according to a sinusoidal law. The equations of motion for each of the plate and beam elements of the box structure of the building are constructed based on the Kirchhoff-Love theory. Expressions for the forces, moments, and stresses of the plate elements, which balance the box elements' displacement, the boundary conditions, and the conditions of full contact through displacements and force factors in the contact zones of the plate and beam elements, are compiled. The general solution to the problem is constructed by decomposing the movement of box elements according to their shapes using the finite difference method. The calculation results are shown in graphs for the height of the box of bending moments, plate elements working in bending, and shear stresses of plate elements.
Creep in expanded clay concrete at different levels of stress under compression and tension
Authors: Raupov Chorikul , Malikov Ganisher
Published: January 2023

The paper analyzes the results of experimental studies of the creep of light concrete and the influence of various factors on it.

A method for determining the boundary of linear creep of expanded clay concrete has been developed. Experimental studies have been carried out to determine the boundary of linear creep.

Experimental creep data and the kinetics of the change in the creep measure of expanded clay concrete over time under axial compression at different levels of long–term load (0.2 - 0.7)Rb are obtained. The limiting values of the relative creep deformation and shrinkage of expanded clay concrete are determined.

Empirical formulas for determining and describing the relative deformation of the nonlinear creep of expanded clay concrete, measures of the linear creep of expanded clay concrete under axial tension and compression (if there are no direct experimental data), and the nature of the change are proposed λ(t;τ1)═Cbt(t;τ1)/(t;τ1), depending on (t;τ1) according to the linear law at each site, the nature of the influence of previous loading on the strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete, the limit values of the relative creep deformation and shrinkage of expanded clay concrete.
Torsional vibrations of a rotating viskoelastic rod
Authors: Khudoynazarov Khayrulla , Gadayev A. , Akhatov Kh.
Published: January 2023

A homogeneous and isotropic round viscoelastic rod rotating around its axis of symmetry with a constant angular velocity is considered in a cylindrical coordinate system. It is believed that the behavior of the rod is described within the framework of the linear theory of viscoelasticity, where the relationship between stresses and deformations is given in the form of relations Boltzmann-Volterra. In this case, the condition of its reversibility is imposed on the kernel of the integral operator. The equations of motion of the rod concerning non-zero stress components are written, taking into account the centrifugal force caused by the rotation. It is assumed that torsional vibrations are caused by given stress on its surface. A general equation of torsional vibrations of such a rod is obtained, which is an integral-differential equation of infinitely high order for the main part of the torsional displacement. Limiting the general equations to the zero and first approximations, the equations of the second and fourth orders are obtained, which, in the case of the absence of rotation, exactly coincide with the known equations of other authors. The resulting refined equation of the fourth order in its structure considers the angular velocity of rotation, the deformation of the transverse shear, and the inertia of rotation. Based on the derived oscillation equations, a particular problem is solved to study the influence of rotation and viscoelastic properties of the material on the stress-strain state of the rod, according to the results of which graphs of the dependencies of elastic and viscoelastic changes on time at points of three different sections of the rod are constructed. A comparative analysis of the results obtained with the results of other authors is performed.
Change in the strength properties of modified concrete over time
Authors: Khasanov Bakhridin , Vatin Nikolai , Choriev Ruzimurat , Akhmedov S , Nazarova Shokhida , Mirzaev Timur
Published: January 2023

To date, there is no data on the change in the strength of hyper - compacted concrete. The conducted field observations summarize the data of a long-term period and allow us to draw a number of conclusions.

As shown by numerous studies, the nature of the development of the strength of concrete over time depends mainly on the type of cement, the composition of the concrete mixture, the temperature and humidity conditions of hardening, and also on many other factors.

Obtaining highly efficient building materials is possible by modifying the structure of cement stone and concrete. Consequently, the modification of the concrete structure in this direction is intended to improve the technological properties of the material. By modifying it is possible to change the kinetics of the growth of physical properties and the final values of the strength of concrete.

Without considering the physico-analytical mechanism for changing the structure formation of concrete, we note that it is primarily aimed at reducing the amount of water - a mixing agent per unit volume of the material. However, various studies have shown that in the initial period, the structure formation of cement stone develops in the optimal direction only at certain volumetric water content. The limiting reduction in water content complicates the process of hydration of the binder, limiting the final strength properties of the material. At the same time, the final strength properties of the material are improved by reducing the volumetric water content of the mixture in every possible way. In all cases, the modification of concrete assumes its composition to be unchanged from the mixing of the mixture to the final stage of the formation of the concrete structure.
Strength of earth dams considering the elastic-plastic properties of soils
Authors: Mirsaidov Mirziyod , Sultanov Takhirjon , Yarashоv Javlon , Kayumov Abduraxim
Published: January 2023

The article provides a detailed review of well-known publications devoted to studying the stress state and dynamic behavior of earth dams, taking into account the elastic and elastic-plastic properties of soil. To assess the stress-strain state of earth dams, considering the elastic-plastic properties of soil under the action of static loads, a mathematical model was developed using the principle of virtual displacements. A technique, algorithm, and computer programs were developed for estimating the stress state of dams using the finite element method and the method of variable elasticity parameters. A test problem was solved to assess the adequacy of the developed models and the reliability of the technique, algorithms, and computer programs. The stress-strain state of the Pskem earth dam, 195 m high, was studied using the developed models and calculation methods, taking into account the elastic-plastic properties of soil under the action of body forces and various levels of filling the reservoir with water. It was established that an account for the elastic-plastic properties of soil leads to a sharp change in the stress state of the dam, especially in the upper prism and in the core of the dam, and changes the intensity of normal stresses, which can lead to a violation of the integrity of the dam.
Stress-strain state and strength of earth dams under static loads
Authors: Juraev Doniyor , Matkarimov Pakhridin
Published: January 2023

The article is devoted to studying the stress-strain state (SSS) and assessing the strength of the Gissarak, Sokh, and Pachkamar earth dams in a plane statement under the action of body forces and hydrostatic pressure. A mathematical model, algorithm, and computer program for studying the stress-strain state and assessing the strength of structures are developed in the article using the Lagrange variational equation. The finite element method was used in the problem solution. The adequacy of the model and the accuracy of the algorithm and program were verified by solving several test problems. It was revealed that the stress-strain state and strength of the studied earth dams significantly depend on the physical and mechanical properties of soils, the commensurability of geometric dimensions and slope coefficients of the dam retaining prisms, and on the level of water filling in reservoirs.
Hydrometric flow measurement in water management
Authors: Glovatskii Oleg , Usmanov Shavkat , Ergashev Rustam , Hamdamov Bekmamat , Gazaryan Alexander
Published: January 2023

The main problem in the operation of irrigation systems is to ensure the accuracy and reliability of measuring the main hydrometric parameters in managing water resources of irrigation facilities. When operating systems with pumping stations, it becomes necessary to measure a set of technological parameters, which can be divided into the following groups by type: hydraulic parameters (flow rate, fluid pressure, water flow in the channel), parameters of pumping units, linear-angular parameters (channel section length, channel width, gate movement, mixed parameters (clear area, flow depth, wetted perimeter length). Analysis of existing methods and instruments for measuring water flow for the rational use of water resources is used in all areas the volume of water taken from the water intake and supplied to the irrigation network. This task contributes to operational and control of pumping station parameters without hydrometric instruments at the stations themselves. The problem of organizing automated technological accounting of irrigation water at graduated hydraulic structures equipped with gates and operating in a flooded or backwater-variable mode is solved by new hydrometric methods with the integrated use of ultrasonic, acoustic, or float level gauges as part of modern microprocessor devices that convert water level readings at such structures into flow and runoff readings, according to the calibration characteristic each specific building. The article presents the recommended water metering devices for different hydraulic flow regimes and water quality. To speed up the process of measuring water flow in canals with flow rates of 1-10 m3 / s and large facilities of pumping stations with flow rates of 10-200 m3 / s, types of standard weirs, flumes of various profiles, and water measuring nozzles are recommended. According to the working formulas, changes in water flow are determined, taking into account the error of the gauging station and the indicated weirs.
Calculation of Total Erosion in the Lower Reaches of Mezhdurechensk Reservoir Using Empirical Morphometric Dependencies
Authors: Kan Eduard
Published: January 2023

The research aims are to develop a methodology and the choice of initial formulas for calculating channel deformations in the lower reaches of waterworks on rivers composed of easily eroded soils (like the Amu Darya river). To calculate the total erosion below the Mezhdurechensk reservoir, both theoretical equations of channel deformation (Saint-Venant equations) and empirical dependences of the transporting capacity of the flow (turbidity) and morphometric dependences of the connection of the width of the deformable channel from the average depth obtained for the lower reaches of the Takhiatash hydrounit, the stem of which is located slightly above the Mezhdurechensk hydrounit, were used. A hydrological series of years was formulated for the calculation (considering the actual frequency of low-water, medium-water, and high-water years). The results of calculating the total erosion of the bottom in the first ten years of the simulated hydrological series of years, provided that the width of the channel in the lower reaches is constant, is expected to be 0.17-0.41 m (with full flow clarification) and 0.16-0.38 m (with partial flow clarification ε = 0.8). The change in the cross-sectional area of the riverbed will be 304(292)m2. Provided that the width narrows to a stable width Bstable =kha : Δz = 0.41 m (with the concentration of the flow at a narrower width, the decrease will be correspondingly large). The proposed methodology can be applied to calculate the total erosion on rivers composed of easily eroded soils and having average slopes of the longitudinal profile of the river within 0.0001 (similar to the Amu Darya River).
Simulation of dynamic processes of shell structures with viscoelastic elements
Authors: Khudainazarov Sherzod , Mavlanov Tulkin , Salimov Shoolim , Ulugova Mokhira , Sabirjanov Talibjan
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the choice and method of calculating thin-walled structures that adequately reflect deformation in the compensator example. When choosing a design model, the influence of structural elements and their mechanical characteristics on its behavior in various operating conditions is taken into account since sometimes small changes in the design model can significantly impact the design analysis results. The complete design scheme of most designs, particularly the compensator, leads to statically indeterminate systems. Taking into account the energy dissipation in the shell material; the boundary value problems are reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations of the 12th order. The forms of natural oscillations for the first four natural frequencies are given. It is established that the inertia forces acting in the axial direction do not significantly affect the stress-strain state of shell structures.
Increasing efficiency of flow energy damping with lateral water intake
Authors: Norkulov Bekhzod , Mamataliev Adkham , Kurbanova Umida , Nazarova Shokhida , Shodiev Bobur , Raimova Iqboloy
Published: January 2023

The paper presents the results of full-scale and experimental studies for applying a new design for damping the energy of the flow with a lateral water intake. In the article, the method for increasing the efficiency of flow energy damping with lateral water intake and a new calculation method have been improved. The proposed version of the calculation according to the method, compiled with several assumptions, demonstrated the possibility of using such a well and damper design with high operational reliability and the results aimed at damping the energy of the water flow of the lateral water intake structures. Recommendations were developed on calculating a water well with a lateral flow outlet.
Investigation of the contact interaction of the working bodies of machines with raw cotton
Authors: Eshkobilov Olim
Published: January 2023

Based on the technological process of processing raw cotton, the friction conditions of various units of friction pairs interacting with raw cotton and cotton fiber are analyzed with the elucidation of the influencing factors on the friction force in the contact zone.

When rubbing composite polymer materials with raw cotton, depending on the contact conditions of rubbing pairs in various friction units with repeated contact formation and destruction of bonds in the contact zone, electric charges arise and accumulate, which increases the tension in the double electric layer in the contact zone. Forming electric charges in the contact zone, together with other components of the friction force, significantly affect the change in the antifriction properties of the materials used.

Based on the analysis of a friction pair in contact with raw cotton and cotton fiber, the main shortcomings of the existing methods for assessing the antifriction properties of the studied polymeric materials and coatings based on them were established, as a result of which specific requirements were developed for the development of methods and installations for determining the complex antifriction properties of the material of rubbing parts, pairs of working bodies of cotton machines and mechanisms.

General requirements have been established for materials for working in a friction pair in contact interaction with raw cotton and cotton fiber under various conditions of humidity and exposure to any climatic factors, as well as varying degrees of contamination of the mass of raw cotton.

Considering certain requirements for assessing the antifriction properties of the developed compositions of polymeric materials, a modular installation was created for a one-time assessment of temperature, friction force, and static electric charge using modern information technologies.
Design of mobile electricity based on solar and garland micro hydro power plant for power supply in Namangan region mountain areas
Authors: Bokiev Abdujolol , Sultonov Sanjarbek , Nuralieva Nodira , Botirov Abror
Published: January 2023

In the article, the experiences of developed countries in introducing mobile solar and garland micro- hydroelectric power plants in the mountain regions cannot be directly applied to the conditions of Uzbekistan. Kosonsoy district, located in the east of Uzbekistan, belongs to the mountainous regions. Mobile solar and garland micro-hydroelectric power plant is an acceptable option for the electricity supply of small power consumers of the district. Preliminary data, drawings of my device, and an electrical connection scheme were developed for calculating and selecting a micro-hydroelectric power plant. According to the results of the preliminary experiments, the relationship between the speed of water flow m/s and the value of the power transmitted from one piece of paper to the shaft in the parts of streams, streams, and rivers flowing through the mountain regions of Kosonsoy district with a minimum slope was determined. A physical model of a mobile solar and garland micro-hydroelectric power station was created for mountain regions. When soft cables are used, a drop in the water level does not cause a change in power. It is safe and convenient to arrange the hydrofoils in a garland to take full advantage of the cross-section of the water flow, and it is cost-effective to use a single generator for many working fodders.
Assessment of effect of lining material on energy efficiency of starting up ball mills
Authors: Muratov Khakim , Ishnazarov Oybek , Isakov Abdusaid , Nuritov Ikrom
Published: January 2023

The article presents the possibility of increasing the service life of mill lining. Special attention is paid to the use of rubber linings for mills. A mathematical model of the asynchronous motor of ore grinding mills has been developed, i.e., the moment of resistance is shock. A system of equations for a synchronous motor of a mill plant for the d and q axes is described. Based on mathematical modeling of mill plant operating modes, it was determined that the corrosion coating prolongs the mill's service life, and the transition time is reduced to 10%.
Potato digger with a digging workpart of the "Paraplaw" type
Authors: Мamatov Farmon , Mirzaev Bakhadir , Karimov Akmal , Razzokov Тura , Azizov Shavkat , Shodmonov Golib
Published: January 2023

One of the reasons hindering potato farming development on Uzbekistan's farms is the low supply of inexpensive mini-production equipment for harvesting potatoes. The use of high-performance potato harvesters in small areas is uneconomical. The authors proposed a potato digger with a digging working body of the "Paraplaw" type. The study aims to develop a potato digger with working bodies of the "Paraplaw" type. A prototype of a mini potato harvester was made, and its economic tests were carried out. The basic principles and methods of classical mechanics, mathematical analysis, and statistics were used in this study. The developed digging work part is made in the form of rippers with inclined racks installed towards each other, and their chisels are equipped with ripping elements in the form of rods. The results of the digger tests have been given. It was found that during the operation of the improved potato digger, tuber losses were reduced by 2.9%, and productivity increased by 13.2% compared to the serial one.
Pushing soil with combined aggregate spherical disc and burial of stem
Authors: Khudayarov B. , Kuziev U. , Sarimsakov B. , Rakhimov Yu. , Khikmatullaev S.
Published: January 2023

As an object of research, the technological process of cutting the roots of the stalks of the pine tree with the soil and placing them on the side together with the spherical disk in the combined aggregate implementation was accepted.

In our republic's cotton cultivation field, the world's latest innovations, including minimal, resource-saving, Strip-till, No-till technologies of soil cultivation and drip irrigation methods, are gradually being introduced. Combined aggregates produced abroad and in our country, designed to perform several technological processes at once, are being supported and introduced by cotton growing clusters. We found it necessary to bring a combined aggregate that prepares new sedges and sedges in the fields with sedges. During the movement of the aggregate in the sedge field, the sedges of the sedge are first tilted to the side of the sedge, and the roots are trimmed with soil and placed at the bottom of the sedge. Then, the lower layer of the bush is divided into two parts, it is turned over the stalks laid on the sides, and new bushes are formed in that place. And in the place of existing puss, new furrows are formed. The research was carried out using methods and tools for measuring angles and distances and optimizing parameters using the mathematical planning method of multifactorial experiments. The study's results determined that the diameter of the spherical disk is 510 mm, the radius of curvature is 540 mm, and the installation angles relative to the direction of movement and the vertical should be 30-32° and 20°, respectively. The research results showed that it is possible to perform the technological processes of cutting the layer of the pistachio root with spherical disks and throwing it to the middle of the side.
Effect of non-stationary external forces on vibrations of composite pipelines conveying fluid
Authors: Verlan A.A. , Khudayarov B.A. , Turaev F.Zh. , Yuldashev N.N. , Ruzmetov K.
Published: January 2023

The effect of non-stationary external forces on the vibration of pipelines made of composite materials is investigated in the paper. A mathematical model of composite pipeline vibration is developed, considering the viscosity properties of the structure and pipeline base material, axial forces, internal pressure, resistance forces, and external disturbances. A mathematical model of viscoelastic pipelines conveying fluid under vibrations is constructed based on the Boltzmann-Volterra integral model. The mathematical model to study a pipeline is based on the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. Considering the physicomechanical properties of the pipeline material, the mathematical model of the problems under consideration presents a system of integro-differential equations (IDE) in partial derivatives with corresponding initial and boundary conditions. The nonlinear partial differential equations, obtained using the Bubnov-Galerkin method under considered boundary conditions, are reduced to solving the system of ordinary integro-differential equations. A computational algorithm is developed based on eliminating features of integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernels, followed by using quadrature formulas.
Roboterassistierte anatomische Lungenresektion: Technik, Evidenz und Datenlage
Authors: Cheufou Danjouma , Mohnke Jonas , Sander Victor , Weckesser Stefanie , Gronostayskiy Mikhail
Published: January 2023

Die roboterassistierte Thoraxchirurgie (RATS) hat dank verbesserter Visualisierung und optimierter Instrumente (sog. Endowrist-Funktion) einen enormen technischen Fortschritt in der
thoraxchirurgischen Versorgung von Patienten gebracht. Auch die Durchführung komplexer thorakaler oder mediastinaler chirurgischer Eingriffe, bspw. mit einer intrathorakalen Naht, sind
nunmehr möglich. Infolgedessen wird diese Technologie zunehmend übernommen und in der therapeutischen Anwendung implementiert. Während die Zahl der konventionellen Thorakotomien bei
Lungenkrebs weltweit zurückgeht, ist ein kontinuierlicher Anstieg der minimalinvasiven Resektionen beim Bronchialkarzinom zu beobachten. Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen aktuellen Überblick
über roboterassistierte Operationen beim Lungenkarzinom zu geben.
Strategies of translating swear words into Arabic: a case study of a parallel corpus of Netflix English-Arabic movie subtitles
Authors: Abu-Rayyash Hussein , Haider Ahmad S. , Al-Adwan Amer
Published: January 2023

This study adopts a corpus-assisted approach to explore the translation strategies that Netflix subtitlers opted for in rendering 1564 English swear words into Arabic. It uses a 699,229-word English-Arabic parallel corpus consisting of the English transcriptions of forty English movies, drama, action, science fiction (sci-fi), and biography and their Arabic subtitles. Using the wordlist tool in SketchEngine, the researchers identified some frequent swear words, namelyfuck, shit, damn, ass, bitch, bastard, asshole, dick, cunt, andpussy. Moreover, using the parallel concordance tool in SketchEngine revealed that three translation strategies were observed in the corpus, namely, omission, softening, and swear-to-non-swear. The omission strategy accounted for the lion’s share in the investigated data, with 66% for drama, 61% for action, 52% for biography, and 40% for sci-fi. On the other hand, the swear-to-non-swear strategy was the least adopted one, accounting for 21% in sci-fi, 16% in biography, 14% in drama, and 11% in action. In addition, the softening strategy got the second-highest frequency across the different movie genres, with 39% for sci-fi, 32% for biography, 28% for action, and 20% for drama. Since swear words have connotative functions, omitting or euphemizing them could cause a slight change in the representation of meaning and characters. The study recommends more corpus-assisted studies on different AVT modes, including dubbing, voiceover, and free commentaries.
Metal ion plasma generation under strong magnetic field in microwave resonator
Authors: Fujii Satoshi , Fukushima Jun
Published: January 2023

In many conventional plasma generation methods, a strong electric field is applied to a gas or liquid to generate plasma. In addition, metal oxides such as rare earth minerals and metals require enormous amounts of energy for their reduction reactions. In this paper, we propose a method of directly exciting the plasma from Mg and Ca metal solids, without gas or liquid, using a strong magnetic field and stabilizing it. Electrons and atoms are emitted by the induced current in a resonator operated in the TM110 mode; these electrons and atoms are generated as plasma in a magnetic field. The resonance frequency is then changed slightly from the TM110 mode to the TM111 mode while being limited to ∼40 MHz, ensuring that the microwave energy is supplied stably to the plasma and that light is emitted until the raw material is exhausted. The radicals and ions of the Mg and Ca metals possess sufficient Gibbs free energy for the reduction reactions and can therefore reduce scandium oxide and vanadium oxide at low temperatures. In the future, radicals with sufficient energy can be implemented in energy-saving processes in the field of materials processing.
Construction and application of M1 iron ion fluorescence system based on naphthalimide fluorescence probe
Authors: Lang Yan , Liu Huili , Zhang Chunbin , Lv Kuilin
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the naphthalimide fluorescence probe M1 with Fe3+ fluorescence system was successfully constructed, and its UV–visible absorption spectrum and fluorescence emission spectrum were investigated. Under optimal experimental conditions, the system has good anti-interference ability. The M1 probe has good linearity with Fe3+ concentration (1 × 10−6–15 × 10−6 mol·L−1). The detection limit reaches 7.55 × 10−8 mol·L−1. The complexation ratio of M1 probe to Fe3+ is 1:1. For the first time, we used the constructed M1 probe with Fe3+ fluorescence system to determine Fe3+ concentration in the Chinese herbal medicines, Panacis Quinquefolii Radix and Paeoniae Radix Alba, and in the fluorescence imaging of HeLa cells.
Development of a compact magnet for applying a highly uniform magnetic field to a diamond magnetic sensor by inverse problem analysis
Authors: Tanaka Haruki , Murata Yuma , Yabukami Shin , Kuwahata Akihiro
Published: January 2023

We propose a novel method based on the inverse problem approach to optimize the shape of a magnet generates high uniformity of magnetic fields in a magnetometer with diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers. Our original method can determine the combination of magnetic moments required to design a unique magnet shape. We obtained a unique shape of the small magnet (optimized model, 15 × 15 × 25 mm3 and 25 × 25 × 15 mm3) for integrated magnetometry system and improved the magnetic uniformity from 83.6% to 99.0% in the diamond NV centers area (X = −1–1 mm, Y = −1–1 mm, Z = 5–6 mm). The results indicate a highly sensitive magnetometer with a diamond NV center for future biomedical applications.
Validity of DFT-based spin-orbit torque calculation for perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in iron thin films
Authors: Huang Bao-Huei , Lai Yi-Feng , Tang Yu-Hui
Published: January 2023

In this study, the validity of our DFT-based self-developed JunPy+SOT calculation method has been rigorously confirmed by the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) induced effective magnetic anisotropy field of 5.6 kOe in a 1.5 nm-thick iron thin film. The angular dependence of the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE) and the total spin-orbit torque (SOT) indicate the uniaxial PMA corresponding to the out-of-plane rotations of the magnetization. Our results agree with the conventional MAE calculation but provide deeper insights into atomistic spin dynamics of local magnetic moments. The main advantage of this method is that the well-decomposed layer-resolved SOT and SOC-dominated spin current accumulation, which exhibit maximum magnitude but opposite sign at the surface, provide comprehensive physical understanding in angular momentum transfer between spin and orbital, competition between SOT and spin current accumulation, and precise spin torque acting on each local magnetic moment that is crucial for the atomistic spin dynamics especially in magnetic heterostructures.
The proper names ‘Assad’, ‘ISIL’, ‘ISIS’, ‘Daesh’ and ‘European’ as metonymic blends in political
discourse
Authors: Golubeva Tatiana
Published: January 2023

The study investigated metonymic uses of the anthroponym ‘Assad’, the acronyms ‘ISIL’, ‘ISIS’, ‘Daesh’ and the
toponymic adjective ‘European’ from a blending theory perspective. The corpus comprised British and American politicians’ speeches
covering such topics as the activity of Syrian president Bashar al-Assad, the fight against ISIS, and Euromaidan. Analysis of the
data revealed that the source domain of a metonymic expression which has certain cognitive salience in an utterance fuses with the
target leading to the emergence of a blend. It was also found that the construction of a metonymic blend in proper names often
requires activation of world knowledge which forms part of the conceptual structure of the source or target domains of a proper
name.
The Factive, IHRC, and Cleft constructions in Korean
Authors: Park Chongwon , Yeon Jaehoon
Published: January 2023

This article aims to develop a Cognitive Grammar (CG) analysis of three grammatical constructions in Korean, all
of which employ the bound noun kes. The data under examination includes the Factive, Internally Headed Relative
Clause (IHRC), and Cleft constructions. We propose a uniform treatment of the three types of kes by arguing that
it denotes a schematic noun that profiles a thing (noun) and has some role in the process of the adnominal
clause. Different interpretations of these constructions arise due to different types of conceptualizations involved in each
instance. In so doing, we point out that previous proposals that deal with kes are neither general enough to
capture the commonalities observed in all three constructions nor can account for the new observations we present.
Home habitability, perceived stress and antisocial behaviour (Habitabilidad de la vivienda, estrés percibido y conducta antisocial)
Authors: Torres-Soto Nissa-Yaing , Rascón-Arriaga Fernanda-Guadalupe , Medina-Fernández Josué-Arturo , García-Mira Ricardo-Antonio , Poblete-Trujillo Emmanuel , García-Vargas Gustavo-René
Published: January 2023

Poor habitability conditions have a negative impact on people’s mental health and influence their perception of stress and their adoption of antisocial behaviours. Through a non-experimental, transversal, correlational-causal design, we checked the mediating role of perceived stress between habitability and antisocial behaviour in people from low socioeconomic strata in northwest Mexico. The sample was comprised of 350 people with an average age of 40.65 ( SD = 15.18). Through a structural equations model (SEM), we demonstrated that poor home habitability conditions influence perceived stress, and that perceived stress, in turn, influences antisocial and criminal behaviour ( R 2 = 43%). The results reveal the importance of considering unfavourable physical conditions in homes as a stimulator of disruptive and violent behaviours.
Academic Diaspora, Transnational Education-Driven Mobilities, and the Nation State
Authors: Phan Le Ha
Published: January 2023

Transnational education-driven mobilities produce a particular kind of academic diaspora in global higher education that is often valued by both home and host countries but in ways that vary and serve different interests and aspirations. These interests and aspirations are usually tied up with the contrasting perspectives on brain drain and brain circulation. With the promotion of worldwide globalization-driven internationalization of higher education, brain circulation and the associated discourse of connectivity have increasingly dominated policy and scholarly debates. The discourses of brain circulation and connectivity are furthered supported by technological advancements and numerous education-driven mobility programs introduced at all levels. While evidence of gain, circulation, and connectivity remains limited, there are concerns about capacity, knowledge and intellectual dependency, and academic inequalities between more developed higher education systems and those in developing countries. At the same time, varied privileges attached to academic diasporas and educational mobilities can cause tensions and hierarchies within a higher education system. The academic diaspora politics is located within this complex, hierarchical, and dynamic cultural, political, and economic space. As a way forward, grounded/home-based transnationality and a shift in discourse are discussed as a possible productive counter position to help reduce inequalities. Examples from Vietnam and several African countries as well as their respective transnational academic diasporas are provided to demonstrate the nuanced academic diaspora, brain drain, and brain circulation discourses.
Long Distance Trade in Somalia, 1st–19th Centuries AD
Authors: González Ruibal Alfredo
Published: January 2023

For over two millennia, the shores of Somalia have been the scenario of intense long distance interactions that reached as far away as India and China. The resources of the region and its strategic geographic location—a crossroads between Africa, Asia, and Europe—explain its prominent role in the Indian Ocean trade. Somalia was intensely integrated in this network, but at the same time developed its own forms of trade. From early on, the regions in the north (today’s Somaliland and Puntland) and the south (the Benadir coast) followed divergent trajectories, with the Benadir developing a strong urban tradition, while on the northern coast, trade remained associated with open seasonal fairs. At the same time, some elements were common to both regions and persisted through time, including local protectors (abbaan), trading diasporas (from Arabia, Iran, and India), caravans, and nomadic communities. Drawing on historical and archaeological research, this article examines the evolution of long distance relations in the Somali territories from the time of the Indo-Roman trade to the onset of colonialism in the late 19th century.
Women in Uganda
Authors: Decker Alicia C.
Published: January 2023

Women in Uganda have had a complex relationship with the state. During the precolonial period, there were two main types of political organization: kingdom states and “nonstate” segmentary societies. Most women in kingdom states were left out of the patron–client relationship system and accessed resources through their husbands, brothers, and sons. A small number of royal women, particularly within Buganda, had significant political power. Less is known about women in precolonial segmentary societies because of the relative lack of sources. In the mid-19th century, long-distance traders arrived in Buganda, bringing Islam and a heightened demand for slaves. The state treated enslaved women as commodities that could be sold or traded at any time. When European explorers and missionaries arrived shortly thereafter, they brought Christianity, as well as their own ideas about gender, many of which limited women’s power. After the British declared a protectorate over Uganda in 1894, missionaries worked closely with the new colonial government to educate women for domesticity. Daughters of the elite learned to become helpmates to their future husbands, who, in turn, were the functionaries of indirect rule. The colonial period also saw the advent of the club movement, which trained women to be good wives and mothers. After World War II, women’s clubs became increasingly political. Through the Uganda Council of Women, members learned to influence public opinion and government policies. However, very few women participated in formal politics at this time. After Uganda gained independence in 1962, women’s issues became increasingly central to the state. Nonetheless, activists struggled for autonomy in a political landscape that was chaotic and increasingly authoritarian. The militarization of the state, coupled with frequent and unpredictable regime changes, made women’s lives more difficult. Although more women have been elected to office and appointed to cabinet-level positions in the early 21st century, civil war and political instability have presented numerous challenges to women and their livelihoods.
Collaboration
Authors: Féaux de la Croix Jeanne
Published: January 2023

Collaborative and transdisciplinary research are ambitious and influential streams of thought in current anthropology. Collaboration represents a family of ideas often described as “transdisciplinary” in other disciplines. Proponents argue that collaborative models explicitly create greater recognition of research relationships and produce a more socially engaged research process. This research philosophy claims to produce more just, theoretically innovative, and robust research outcomes. Advocates highlight both the value and the difficulty of reformulating research relationships in this way, specifying conditions such as the need for heightened personal and programmatic reflexivity in the process. Debates over the essence of collaborative practice intersect with key theoretical questions around the (co)production of knowledge and power, including issues of representation, reflexivity, engaged and public anthropology, the nature of fieldwork, and tensions around the institutional logics of evaluating research excellence and usefulness. The collaborative ethos bears many similarities with earlier and related fields such as action anthropology and decolonizing agendas. The current popularity of the term should be viewed critically in the context of wider scientific and societal logics. The institutional homes of collaboration can be found in countries subscribing to democratic and human rights ideals, and those experiencing a strong push for Indigenous rights. Because of potential risks in self-consciously declaring collaboration, such research is relatively rare in authoritarian settings, though often practiced with a lower profile. Uncertainty also in predefining research outcomes is discussed as essential, producing both unexpected findings as well as potential failures. General patterns of reciprocity and degrees of power-sharing are differentiated along three axes. The more politically radical the outlook of the researcher, the less control over the project the researcher tends to exert. Second, the more socially similar researcher and counterpart are to one another, the higher the degree of power-sharing and reciprocity. Third, the more heterogeneous the kinds of people the project draws together, the more negotiation and potential friction it entails. The very popularity of the collaborative principle holds some risks, such as potentially leading to abusing collaboration as a source of “cheap” research labor. Further, often the unfamiliarity of funding reviewers with the principles of open-ended research design and value of alternative research products from standard academic publishing patterns can pose difficulties in realizing research. In addition, the often longer timeline of reaping the potentially huge benefits of collaboration also poses risks, especially for precariously employed researchers. In sum, the demanding discussion and practice of collaboration quickly takes on core disciplinary questions and uncertainties: what is good anthropology, who is it for, and how do you get there?
Chicago
Authors: Keating Ann Durkin
Published: January 2023

Chicago is a city shaped by industrial capitalism. Before 1848, it was a small commercial outpost in Potawatomi country, and then it expanded with the US economy between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River. Between 1848 and 1929, Chicago grew from under 30,000 to more than 3 million, fueled by the construction of railroads, warehouses, and factories. Working-class immigrants built their own neighborhoods around industrial sites and along railroads, while a downtown dominated by skyscrapers emerged to serve the needs of corporate clients. Since 1929, Chicago remained an industrial powerhouse and magnet for Black and Latino migrants, even as its economic growth depended more and more on commerce and the service industry.
Latin Jazz and Salsa
Authors: Fernandez Raúl A.
Published: January 2023

Latin jazz derives from a combination of the rhythms of Caribbean popular dance music with the harmonies and timbres of various US jazz styles. It was the result of decades of interaction between American and Cuban music styles. Salsa refers to a new approach to Afro-Caribbean dance music that emerged in the 1980s, a mixture with deep roots in Afro-Cuban music and other musical dance forms from the Spanish-speaking Caribbean. It later became an umbrella term to reference a wide variety of Latin music styles. Salsa was viewed at its birth as a manifestation of a growing Latino identity in the United States.