bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
İHRACAT İLE İTHALAT ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN SEKTÖREL DÜZEYDE PANEL VERİ YÖNTEMİYLE ANALİZİ
Authors: Terzioğlu Mustafa , Çay Yağmur
Published: October 2024

Dünya ticaretinde 1980 sonrası dönemde serbestleşmenin etkisiyle birlikte, firmaların karşılaştıkları piyasa hem satış hem de girdi tedarik olanakları bakımından büyümüştür. Bu nedenle firmaların bir yandan ihracat diğer yandan ithalat olanakları genişlemiştir. Firmalar, artan rekabet ortamında rekabet gücü kazanmak amacıyla ürünlerini daha düşük maliyetle üretebilmek ve daha düşük fiyattan piyasaya sunabilmek için ucuz girdi arayışına girmektedirler. Bu durum bazı koşullarda ithal girdi kullanımını arttırabilmektedir. Bu yönelim ithalat verilerinin ihracat verileri ile paralel olarak gelişmesine neden olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye imalat sanayinde 20 alt sektörün, 1996-2019 yıllarına ait ihracat ve ithalat verileri arasındaki ilişki panel veri yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Bulgulara göre, imalat sanayi genelinde ihracattaki %1’lik artış, ithalatı %0,68 artırmaktadır. Alt sektörler düzeyinde ise beklentilere uymayan bulgular söz konusudur. Hesaplanan sektörel katsayılar ile üretimin teknoloji yoğunluğu birlikte değerlendirildiğinde, düşük-orta teknoloji yoğunluğuna sahip olan ‘metalik olmayan diğer mineral ürünler’ ile ‘metal eşya’ sektörlerinde ihracatın ithalatı etkileme düzeyi beklenenden düşük bulunurken, düşük teknoloji yoğunluğuna sahip olan ‘basım ve yayım’, ‘ana metal’, ‘kağıt ve kağıt ürünleri’, ‘kok kömürü ve rafine edilmiş petrol ürünleri imalatı’ ile ‘kimyasal madde ve ürünler’ sektörlerinde ihracatın ithalatı artırma düzeyi beklentiye göre yüksektir. Bulgular, ithal girdi temininde fiyat rekabetinin yanı sıra yurtiçi arz yetersizliğinin de önemli bir etken olduğuna işaret etmektedir.
Design of a MIMO implantable antenna with ultra-miniaturized volume and reduced SAR
Authors: Bose Moumita , Singh Ajit Prasad , Chakraborty Ujjal
Published: October 2024

This paper presents an ultra-miniaturized skin implantable Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna for biotelemetry in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band (2.4–2.48 GHz). The two-element configuration exhibits a compact planar volume of 4.5 × 6.2 × 0.25 mm³, with an edge-to-edge distance of 0.8 mm and a 75.85 % size reduction. Fabricated on a 0.25 mm thick Roger 10.2LM high permittivity substrate, the antenna achieves a Fractional Bandwidth (FBW) of 9.27 % and a realized gain of −28.2 dBi, with over 24.3 dB isolation across the entire band. Experimental results in multilayer animal tissue aligned well with simulations. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis at 1 W input power showed values of 848 W/kg (1-g) and 88.46 W/kg (10-g), yielding allowable input powers of 3.77 mW and 45.2 mW, respectively, adhering to international safety guidelines. The 2 × 2 element antenna demonstrated efficient communication over 7 m with a data rate of 78 Mbps/s. Multiple Input Multiple Output channel analysis revealed a Channel Capacity of 10.8 bps/Hz at a 20 dB SNR, nearly double that of an ideal Single Input Single Output system, making it suitable for high data rate skin-implantable applications.
Künstliche Intelligenz und Geschichtswissenschaft. Mehr als ein neues Werkzeug für die Digital History?
Authors: Götter Christian
Published: October 2024

In diesem Artikel diskutiert Christian Götter die möglichen Konsequenzen aktueller Künstlicher-Intelligenz-Anwendungen für die Geschichtswissenschaft. Zu diesem Zweck zieht er eine idealtypische historische Methode nach Johann Gustav Droysen heran und betrachtet die Chancen und Herausforderungen, die sich für die einzelnen Schritte der historischen Arbeit durch die Möglichkeiten Künstlicher Intelligenz jeweils ergeben. Er kommt dabei zu dem Schluss, dass sich die Folgen der Technologie für das Fach eher auf der Ebene der Skalierung bewegen als auf derjenigen grundsätzlicher, qualitativer Neuerungen. Geschichtswissenschaft kann durch Künstliche Intelligenz zugänglicher werden, und zwar sowohl im Hinblick auf ihre Praxis als auch hinsichtlich der Rezeption ihrer Ergebnisse; sie kann ihre Perspektiven und Quellengrundlagen erweitern; und angesichts der epistemologischen Grundlagen des Faches kann sogar dessen gesamtgesellschaftliche Relevanz steigen. Eine Revolution des Faches ist aber nicht zu erwarten. Vor dem Hintergrund dieses Befundes argumentiert Christian Götter ferner, dass die Künstliche Intelligenz auch das Studium der Geschichtswissenschaft eher graduell als grundsätzlich verändern dürfte. Vor allem liefert sie einen Anstoß, um über die Hausarbeit als Prüfungsform nachzudenken – ohne diese allerdings grundsätzlich in Frage zu stellen.
Nonideal mixing effect based on Cholette’s model on Van de Vusse reaction selectivity dynamics in an isothermal continuous stirred-tank reactor
Authors: Yang Chane-Yuan , Lin Zhengwei , Chien Yu-Shu
Published: October 2024

The nonideal mixing effect on the Van de Vusse reaction dynamic in a continuous stirred-tank reactor (CSTR) has rarely been studied in literature. This work presents the mixing operation condition and kinetic reaction constant effects on the Van de Vusse reaction selectivity dynamic in an isothermal CSTR based on Cholette’s model. The mixing condition effect is defined using the parameter μ = n/m, where n is the flow fraction to the reactor and m is the dead space fraction in the reactor. In Cholette’s model, μ = 1 and μ ≠ 1 represent, respectively, the ideal and nonideal mixing operations. Herein, the final desired product yield steady state in the phase plane is first constructed under reaction constant and mixing condition combinations, indicating that the larger the μ values, the higher the desired product steady-state yield. In the selectivity dynamic simulations, the phase plane is divided into transient extreme yield region and region of monotonic variation in yield. It is found for the first time that a higher μ value leads to a decrease in the transient maximum selectivity region area and an increase in the transient minimum selectivity region area in the phase plane. Moreover, the trajectory from the start up to the final steady state will be changed due to nonideal mixing. These results have not been published and have direct applications in real reactor design and operation. Since a CSTR with ideal mixing is hardly attainable in practice, our results benefit the real reactor design and startup policy development in the desired product transient maximum yield.
Stance-taking through APPRAISAL in L1 and L2 English argumentative essays: insights from Vietnamese L2 English
Authors: Chung Tieu Thuy , Crosthwaite Peter R.
Published: October 2024

Stance-taking in academic writing is now a well-established topic of interest in English language research, with explorations across a range of theoretical frameworks including metadiscourse and systemic functional linguistics (SFL). This includes studies investigating second language (L2) stance-taking, particularly those comparing stance features deployed by L1 and L2 English writers. However, studies investigating stance-taking using the APPRAISAL framework for evaluative discursive language across L1 and L2 production are relatively rare. Incorporating the APPRAISAL framework into research on stance-taking enhances our comprehension of evaluative language in academic writing, especially when it comes to cross-linguistic contexts. It also provides useful advantages for language assessment and instruction. In this learner corpus-assisted discourse study, APPRAISAL was used to determine how L1 English speakers and L2 English learners from L1 Vietnamese backgrounds expressed attitudes through their written texts. We also investigate the relationship between use of APPRAISAL resources and expert raters’ perceptions of written stance via a stance rubric. Findings show L2 English students are more explicit in argumentative writing than L1 English writers, despite fewer APPRAISAL choices in L2 texts. Besides, while high-rated texts were associated with more judgemental evaluation and invocation, more personal feelings were expressed in low-rated texts. These findings have implications for the instruction of L2 writers in conveying attitudinal meanings in text, as well as for raters tasked with assessing L2 academic essays for stance.
The Negative Relationship Between Threats and Endorsement of Freedom
Authors: Li Zheng , Edwards John A.
Published: October 2024

The effect of threats on endorsement of freedom has rarely been studied. Studies on hierarchy and uncertainty have implied that people may forsake freedom to gain certainty and control. The research described in this article aimed to test the idea that threats make people endorse freedom less because they make insecurity more salient, which in turn draws attention to the negative aspects of freedom. Two studies tested the hypothesis that threats will be negatively associated with endorsement of different freedoms. People indicated less endorsement of Positive Freedom (i.e., freedom to behave and autonomy) and Negative Freedom (i.e., freedom from interference and restrictions) after versus before the outbreak of COVID-19 (Study 1). Experimentally manipulated threats decreased endorsement of freedom through the perception that freedom is less positive and important (Study 2). These results suggest that even in a country like the United States, where freedom is greatly valued, threats can lessen people's endorsement of freedom.
DATA ANALYSIS FOR THE PREDICTION OF TEXTILE WASTE RECYCLING IN UKRAINE
Authors: Bukhantsova Liudmyla , Zacharkevich Oksana , Luschevska Olena , Krasniuk Larysa , Koshevko Yulia , Ditkovska Olesya , Shvets Galina
Published: October 2024

The textile and sewing industry is known to be the second most environmentally harmful industry for the environment. To maintain a circular economy, textile sources should be recycled, repaired, and used as much as possible while retaining their value. This research provides primary information about the database of post-production textile waste. The data suggests that 30 garment companies produce 778.11 tons of postproduction textile waste per year, with cotton accounting for 42.14% and polyester for 32.45%. It is important to consider processing waste using different technologies according to the certification of textile waste to determine its raw material composition and purity. For an effective waste management policy, it is essential to implement it systematically, continually assess outcomes and challenges, and involve all stakeholders and activities that generate and manage waste. This is crucial in formulating an effective waste management policy.
Influence of altered freshwater discharge on the seasonality of nutrient distributions near La Grande River, northeastern James Bay, Québec
Authors: Guzzi Alessia C. , Ehn Jens K. , Michel Christine , Tremblay Jean-Éric , Heath Joel P. , Kuzyk Zou Zou A.
Published: October 2024

In subarctic marine environments, nutrient stocks are replenished through physical and biogeochemical processes in winter, largely setting an upper limit on new primary production for the next growing season. In spring, marine nutrient stocks are modified by freshwater-associated additions, especially in coastal areas. Hydroelectric development of the La Grande River (LGR) in northern Québec has shifted the timing of peak freshwater discharge from spring into winter, producing 10 times the natural winter discharge. Here, we considered salinity, oxygen isotope ratio (δ18O), and nutrient (nitrate, phosphate) data from coastal waters of northeast James Bay in different seasons of 2016 and 2017. We quantified two main freshwater sources, LGR and sea-ice melt, established by freshwater tracers, and their influence on coastal nutrient distributions. Our results show that LGR is the dominant source of freshwater to coastal waters throughout the year, especially during winter, and an important source of nitrate to nitrogen-limited coastal waters (winter concentrations of 4.53 μM versus 3.18 μM in ambient seawater). Despite being a poor phosphate source (0.11 μM versus 0.66 μM in ambient seawater), LGR provides the largest portion of the phosphate stock in surface waters near its mouth. LGR regulation has changed the pattern of natural fluvial nitrate inputs: what was observed in spring (pre-development) is now observed in winter (post-development). Thus, high winter surface nitrate stocks (22.5 mmol m−2) are available to support primary production, but are dispersed to offshore areas prior to the onset of the growing season, which begins only after the return of light. In northeast James Bay, the timing and magnitude of primary production, dependent on nutrients in the water column, is expected to have been impacted by altered freshwater input, reducing overall production in local areas and potentially increasing production further downstream with cascading effects on the marine ecosystem.
Narrativity and the Idea of Narrative Identity in Law
Authors: Andruszkiewicz Marta
Published: October 2024

How can an extension of the legal perspective with the idea of narrative unity be presented using the law and literature movement? Considering law as a complex semiotic object that is a product (and carrier) of culture makes it possible to see elements of narrativity from a theoretical and legal perspective. This is a significant phenomenon, especially aft er the cultural turn in the humanities. This article presents a problematisation of narrativity in legal discourse and the theory of law. As is well known, the theory of narration and the concept of narrativity have been widely used in the humanities, mainly in literary theory. I propose extending the narrative perspective to law by showing what research directions can be observed when using the concept of narration in the ethical and aesthetic dimensions of law. Finally, I discuss the thesis of narrative identity in relation to law. I adopt the perspective of examining law in the light of literary analysis.
Grundnorm and Grounding A modern Metaphysics for Hans Kelsen’s Pure Theory?
Authors: Zalewska Monika , Heidemann Carsten
Published: October 2024

This article explores the possibility of reconstructing Hans Kelsen’s neo-Kantian theory of the basic norm (Grundnorm) with the help of the theory of (metaphysical) grounding. First, we outline Kelsen’s theory of the basic norm as an integral part of his neo-Kantian transcendental idealism and give a sketch of grounding theory; we then try to fit these theories together. As it turns out, grounding theory has some internal flaws. More importantly, several of the features of a metaphysical ground are not compatible with the roles which Kelsen ascribes to the basic norm – its roles as a keystone of the legal hierarchy and as a transcendental-logical condition of legal cognition. Finally, an alternative conception is examined, according to which the legal system is grounded not by the basic norm but by social facts, with the basic norm serving as a bridging principle. However, this alternative is flawed as well; its main problem seems to be that it violates the dualism of ‘Is’ and ‘Ought’. The argument is relevant for the concept of personhood, because Kelsen treats the term ‘person’ in law as a mere expression for the unity of a specific set of legal norms, so that the identity of persons is ultimately dependent on the identity and function of the basic norm of the legal system.
Information on Gender Identity as Personal Data under EU and US Data Protection Models
Authors: Kuźnicka-Błaszkowska Dominika , Jabłoński Mariusz
Published: October 2024

One of the most important legal issues concerning gender identity is ensuring that no one is discriminated against in any type of environment and that individuals’ needs are considered seriously during the legislation process. Even though this can be questioned, if one needs to process information on gender to achieve an inclusive and diverse society and law, it seems that at this point in the history of society, there are no better measures to ensure a non-discriminatory environment than processing information on gender identity. Under the current personal data protection landscape, both in the European Union and the United States, it is not clear what the conditions are for processing information on the gender of individuals. Therefore, the authors of this article analyse legal requirements from both jurisdictions, also in the light of the question of the adequacy of personal data protection in the US under article 45 of the General Data Protection Regulation.
Application of C4.5 Algorithm Using Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for Diabetes Prediction
Authors: Damayanti Dela Rista , Purwinarko Aji
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Diabetes is the fourth or fifth leading cause of death in most developed countries and an epidemic in many developing countries. Early detection can be a preventive measure that uses a set of existing data to be processed through data mining with a classification process.
Purpose: Investigate the efficacy of integrating the C4.5 algorithm with Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for improving the accuracy of diabetes prediction models. By employing SMOTE, the study aims to address the class imbalance issue inherent in diabetes datasets, which often contain significantly fewer instances of positive cases (diabetes) than negative cases (non-diabetes). Furthermore, by incorporating PSO, the research seeks to optimize the decision tree construction process within the C4.5 algorithm, enhancing its ability to discern complex patterns and relationships within the data.
Methods/Study design/approach: This study proposes the use of the C4.5 classification algorithm by applying the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to overcome problems in the diabetes dataset, namely the Pima Indian Diabetes Database (PIDD).
Result/Findings: From the research results, the accuracy obtained in applying the C4.5 algorithm without the preprocessing process is 75.97%, while the results of the SMOTE application of the C4.5 algorithm are 80%. Meanwhile, applying the C4.5 algorithm using SMOTE and PSO produces the highest accuracy, with 82.5%. This indicates an increase of 6.53% from the classification results using the C4.5 algorithm.
Novelty/Originality/Value: This research contributes novelty by proposing a hybrid approach that combines the C4.5 decision tree algorithm with two advanced techniques, Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), for the prediction of diabetes. While previous studies have explored the application of machine learning algorithms for diabetes prediction, few have examined the synergistic effects of integrating SMOTE and PSO with the C4.5 algorithm specifically.
Optimization of the Convolutional Neural Network Method Using Fine-Tuning for Image Classification of Eye Disease
Authors: Wulandari Vivi , Putra Anggyi Trisnawan
Published: October 2024

The eye is the most important organ of the human body which functions as the sense of sight. Most people wish they had healthy eyes so they could see clearly about life around them. However, some people experience eye health problems. There are many types of eye diseases ranging from mild to severe. With advances in technology, artificial intelligence can be used to classify eye diseases accurately, one of which is deep learning. Therefore, this study uses the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm to classify eye diseases using the VGG16 architecture as a base model and will be combined using a fine-tuning model as an optimization to improve accuracy.
Application Design for the Deaf Users of Trans Jogja Based on Android
Authors: Marier Syauqie Muhammad , Rina Fadmi , Wismarta Amanah , Hidayah Umi Inayatul , Ardani Muhammad Mufti
Published: October 2024

Abstract This study proposes the design and development of an Android application tailored specifically for the deaf users of the Trans Jogja public transportation system. With the aim of enhancing accessibility and usability for this marginalized user group, the application integrates features that cater to their unique communication needs and challenges.
Purpose: Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Yogyakarta has a Disability Services Unit or ULD called GESI. This unit accommodates the accessibility needs of deaf students. Deaf students usually use Trans Jogja as a means of transportation to campus. An obstacle that students often face is missing the location of their destination bus stop. This happens because students are too busy playing with their cell phones, causing a loss of focus. Therefore, tools are needed as a reminder of the location of the destination bus stop. This research aims to design a tool application for deaf students using Android-based Trans Jogja public transportation.
Methods/Study design/approach: This research methods uses a prototype which includes communication, quick plan and design modeling, construction of prototype, and development delivery feedback.
Result/Findings: The results of this research are in the form of a prototype that has several features, namely searching for starting and destination stops, text to voice, word dictionary, volume settings, and distance settings.
Novelty/Originality/Value: The design of an application to assist deaf people in using Trans Jogja based on Android is used for students with hearing impairments, especially for Trans Jogja public transportation.
Evidence of altered redox homeostasis in trichothiodystrophy
Authors: Cordone Valeria , Guiotto Anna , Bucay Vivian , Pecorelli Alessandra , Valacchi Giuseppe
Published: October 2024

Objective

Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a rare hereditary disease whose prominent feature is brittle hair. Additional clinical signs are physical and neurodevelopmental abnormalities and in about half of the cases hypersensitivity to UV radiation. Although the mutations involved in this condition have been characterized, the correlation between the molecular defects and the plethora of clinical symptoms is not well understood. Recently, the presence of a redox imbalance in TTD has been suggested although no clear evidence has been reported on this aspect.

Methods

In the present study, we evaluated the redox status of fibroblasts isolated from a TTD patient. In addition, to understand the ability of TTD cells to respond to oxidative insults, the cells were challenged with H2O2. Mitochondrial O2
•− and mitochondrial membrane potential were measured in different oxidative conditions. In addition, protein levels of NRF2 and BACH1 were also analyzed in response to H2O2.

Results

The results suggested an aberrant mitochondrial response to oxidative stimuli, an increased baseline oxidative stress status in TTD, and an altered NRF2/BACH1 level.

Conclusions

This study emphasizes the altered redox homeostasis in TTD pathogenesis and mitochondria functionality.

Significance statement

Focusing on mitochondria homeostasis and redox imbalance could represent an alternative therapeutic target for this condition to improve patients’ clinical features.
Enhancing Educational Outcomes by Boosting Artificial Intelligence Application in Personalized Learning
Authors: Gu Peiyu
Published: October 2024

As the social expectation of the standards of talent training increases, the society has become more aware of the limitations of the traditional one-size-fits-all education paradigm and has endeavored to develop educational paths that can better cater for individually different needs of the learner. Personalized learning, as an important instructional strategy in the new era, is intended to make education more pertinent to the unique needs, learning style, and ability of each individual student for the purpose of optimizing their educational outcomes (Kaswan et al., 2024). The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) makes changes to conventional education patterns and improvements in personalized learning possible as this technology can be harnessed to provide tailored learning materials to students, improve their information acquisition and retention, and thereby enhance their learning efficiency and educational experience (Chen et al., 2020).
Using the Mixed-Meta Method to Assess Portfolios in Science Teaching
Authors: Yaşar Mehmet Diyaddin , Batdi Veli , Kilinc Büşra , Kilic Ayşe Nur
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research is to assess portfolio studies in science education in Turkey. The mixed-meta method, which comprises meta-analysis and meta-thematic analysis methods, was used to assess quantitative and qualitative data through document analysis. Studies retrieved from certain databases within the scope of specific criteria were examined with the CMA and MetaWin tools for meta-analysis, and the effect size was found to be as great as g = 1.005 among the 17 studies included in the analysis. It was concluded that the usage of portfolios in science teaching has a good effect. 13 studies based on document analysis within the framework of the determined criteria were assessed with the Maxqda program using content analysis in the meta-thematic analysis. Themes were created, and certain codes were obtained according to these themes. These are the following themes: the effect of portfolios on academic achievement, classroom environment, and 21st-century skills; negative aspects of using portfolios; and recommendations for using portfolios in science education. It has been concluded that the research findings are consistent, and the usage of portfolios in science education has a favorable impact in a variety of ways.
Past deformations of "Brezhnevian stagnation" in Lithuanian cinema and TV fiction films (1968-1980)
Authors: Kaminskaitė-Jančorienė Lina
Published: October 2024

The objective of this work is to identify collective memory shapes in Lithuanian fiction TV and cinema film during the Brezhnevian period (1968-1980). According to new popular theoretical approaches, this work analyses the specific source of history—fiction film—so this research brings Lithuanian fiction film up-to-date with usual resources of history.
According to the research conclusions, new methodological approaches are made, which can help to classify fiction films in which past representations can be seen. On the other hand, the analysis of archival origins helps to reconstruct the Soviet film industry system of Lithuania (censorship, the specific "control-gear" of films) and contextual analysis, which identifies the main political and creative displacements. Film content research helps to identify the reconstructions of the past and its sociohistorical approaches.
Textual Criticism of the Soviet School Textbooks
Authors: Vyšniauskas Arūnas
Published: October 2024

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lnternational Conferences of Historians in The University of Brest
Authors: Kasperavičius Algis Povilas
Published: October 2024

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Lithuania's Millennium - Millennium Lithuaniae. Or What Lithuania Can Tell the World on this Occasion
Authors: Bumblauskas Alfredas
Published: October 2024

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Several Remarks on the Throne Based on the Sphragistics Evidences of Lithuanian Rulers from the End of the XIV to the Middle of the XV Centuries
Authors: Skurvydaitė Loreta
Published: October 2024

Gediminas used a majesty seal which reflected the ruler's political objective. Gediminas' majesty seal is known only from the description, which reveals that the ruler holds the sovereign crown in his hand. The ruler is sitting in a cathedra. This description does not give us much space for consideration. We know that this seal was most probably made by Riga's gravers. Gediminas' attempts for christening, which would open the way to the change of the state rank, don't contradict the presumption that the majesty seal contained royal insignias, although there is no information about the throne.The majesty seals of Vytautas and later Žygimantas Kęstutaitis show the ruler's throne, which is quite archaic for the beginning of the XV century. This could be explained by two presumptions: either the seals of Vytautas and Žygimantas Kęstutaitis reflected the real throne of that period, or his rank of the grand duke didn't allow him to use the same pictorial tradition, which is visible in Jogaila's majesty seal.
Natural radionuclide and 137Cs activity concentration in soils of the Brazilian State of Sergipe and their correlation with environmental characteristics
Authors: Cavalcante Ferreira Luiz , Alves da Silva Amanda , Araujo Ribeiro Fernando Carlos , De Oliveira Sousa Wanderson , Costa Wagner Chaves , De Mesquista Sueli Alexandra , Paim Viglio Eduardo
Published: October 2024

Radionuclides occur naturally in the environment, exposing living organisms to ionizing radiation. In addition, human activities have introduced artificial radionuclides such as 137Cs, among others, into the environment. To better understand the occurrence and behaviour of radionuclides in soil, several countries have developed radiological studies and constructed maps. An effort has been made in Brazil to assess the radioactivity in the soils of the country. In this study, the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra, and artificial 137Cs were determined in samples at a depth of 20 cm collected from the soils of the Brazilian State of Sergipe, in a regular grid of 25 km x 25 km. Samples were analysed by gamma-ray spectrometry with the use of hyperpure germanium detectors. The results were correlated with the type of soil, geology, and climate characteristics of the State. The median activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, and 228Ra were 210.4 Bq.kg-1, 12.33 Bq.kg-1, and 18.69 Bq.kg-1, respectively. The results are lower than those reported for soils from other Brazilian States in the same region. The activity concentration of 137Cs was lower than the minimum detectable activity. The activity concentration of 40K in young soils of the semi-arid region was higher than that found in most weathered soils of the rainy regions due to the very low pluviometry of the semi-arid area. Higher activity levels of 226Ra were found in Planosol and for 228Ra it was found in the weathered soils (Acrisol) of the coastal zone. Maps of the distribution of the studied radionuclides were designed. The median value of the outdoor absorbed dose rate in air (Dnat) calculated for the soils of the State of Sergipe is lower when compared with other Brazilian States and the UNSCEAR’s worldwide median value.
Relativistic mean field analysis of triaxial deformation for nuclei near the neutron drip line
Authors:   Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, Alzubadi A.A. , Aldulaimi S.M.
Published: October 2024

The present study focuses on the deformation of neutron-rich nuclei near the neutron drip line. The nuclei of interest include 28O, 42Si, 58Ca, 80Ni, 100Kr, 122Ru, 152Ba, 166Sm, and 176Er. The relativistic Hartree - Bogoliubov (RHB) approach with effective density-dependent point coupling is utilized to investigate the triaxial deformation, and Skyrme - Hartree - Fock + Bardeen - Cooper - Schrieffer is used to analyze the axial deformation. The study aimed to understand the interplay between nuclear forces, particle interactions, and shell structure to gain insights into the unique behavior of neutron-rich nuclei. Despite these nuclei containing magic numbers, their shapes are still affected by the nucleons' collective behavior and energy levels. As the number of neutrons increases, the shape smoothly transitions from spherical to triaxial and then to prolate. The axial deformation analysis confirmed the results of the triaxial deformation analysis using the RHB method. An imbalance in the number of protons and neutrons can affect pairing energy, where extra neutrons can reduce overall pairing energy, and protons can disrupt the nucleon pairing due to stronger Coulomb repulsion between them.
Role of Brownian motion and Néel relaxations in Mössbauer spectra of magnetic liquids
Authors:   Institute for Nuclear Research, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Dzyublik A.Ya. , Anokhin I.E. , Spivak V.Yu.
Published: October 2024

The absorption cross-section of Mössbauer radiation in magnetic liquids is calculated, taking into consideration both translational and rotational Brownian motion of magnetic nanoparticles as well as stochastic reversals of their magnetization in the absence of an external magnetic field. The role of Brownian motion in ferrofluids is considered in the framework of the diffusion theory, while for the magnetorheological fluids with large nanoparticles, it is done with the aid of Langevin's approach. For stochastic rotation, we derived the equation analogous to Langevin's one and found the corresponding correlation function. In both cases, simple rotational correlation functions are obtained in the approximation of small rotations during the lifetime of the excited Mossbauer nuclei. Influence of the Néel's relaxations is considered in the framework of the Blume - Tjon model.
Radiation shielding, dose rate and stopping power of cadmium - bismuth - lead - zinc - borate glass system: influence of Bi2O3 doping
Authors:   Physics Department, College of Science, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq, Aboud H. , Al-Alawy I.T. ,   Department of Medical Physics, College of Medical Health Technology, Alshaab University, Baghdad, Iraq
Published: October 2024

Glass systems of the form (70-x)B2O3-10ZnO-10PbO-10CdO-xBi2O3 (with x = 0 to 20 mol%) were prepared by the standard melt-quenching approach and characterized. The role of varying Bi2O3 doping contents on the radiation shielding, dose rate, and stopping power of the proposed glasses was examined. Various radiation shielding properties, such as exposure buildup factors, gamma-ray constants and dose rates, and total neutron removal cross-section, were estimated. The x-ray diffractometer patterns of the samples showed their amorphous characteristics. Glass density was increased from 5.34 to 6.95 g/cm3, and the energy band gap was reduced with the increase in Bi2O3 doping contents. In addition, both mass attenuation numbers and effective atomic numbers of the samples (calculated using Phy-X software) in the gamma-ray energy range of 0.015 to 15 MeV were increased with the increase in Bi2O3 contents. With the increase in Bi2O3 doping, the gamma-ray shielding, stopping power, and neutron removal cross-section of the glasses were improved. This new glass composition was asserted to be a good candidate for radiation shielding applications.
Effects of Blood Lead Levels <10 µg/dL in School-Age Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review
Authors: Pennington Audrey F. , Smith Madison R. , Chuke Stella O. , Cornwell Cheryl R. , Allwood Paul B. , Courtney Joseph G.
Published: October 2024

CONTEXT

Lead exposures among school-age children are a major public health issue. Although the harmful effects of lead exposure during the first years of life are well known, there is not as much understanding of the effects of low levels of lead exposure during later childhood.

OBJECTIVES

To review the effects of blood lead levels (BLLs) <10 µg/dL in school-age children and adolescents.

DATA SOURCES

We searched Medline, Embase, Global health, CINAHL, Scopus, and Environmental Science Collection databases between January 1, 2000, and May 11, 2023.

STUDY SELECTION

We included peer-reviewed English-language articles that presented data on the effects of BLLs <10 µg/dL in individuals ages 5 through 18 years.

DATA EXTRACTION

Data on country, population, analytic design, sample size, age, BLLs, outcomes, covariates, and results were extracted.

RESULTS

Overall, 115 of 3180 screened articles met the inclusion criteria. The reported mean or median BLL was <5 µg/dL in 98 articles (85%). Of the included articles, 89 (77%) presented some evidence of an association between BLLs <10 µg/dL during school age and detrimental outcomes in a wide range of categories. The strongest evidence of an association was for the outcomes of intelligence quotient and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder diagnoses or behaviors.

LIMITATIONS

Few articles controlled for BLLs at age <5 years, limiting conclusions about the relation between later BLLs and outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

BLLs <10 µg/dL in school-age children and adolescents may be associated with negative outcomes. This review highlights areas that could benefit from additional investigation.
Severe Congenital Lead Poisoning in Siblings
Authors: Velagala Suganthinie , Chhikara Aditya , Haile Jennifer
Published: October 2024

Congenital lead toxicity is rare. Lead freely crosses the placenta, therefore, placing the developing fetus at a higher risk for lead toxicity. This can lead to adverse consequences, such as spontaneous abortion, low birth weight, low IQ, and neurodevelopmental impairment. We present a rare case of siblings born to a mother with pica behaviors. Her venous lead level was 42 μg/dL at the time of disclosure. The repeat venous level at delivery 2 weeks later was 61 μg/dL. The infant’s venous level shortly after birth was 89 μg/dL. The neonate was transferred to the NICU, where he received 9 doses of intramuscular dimercaprol and 5 days of intravenous Ca2Na2EDTA. Seventy-two hours after completing chelation, the blood lead level rebounded to 46 μg/dL. A 19-day course of dimercaptosuccinic acid was then initiated. As of 12 months of age, he has not required additional chelation. Shortly after, the mother conceived another child, who was born prematurely at 29 weeks. Twelve days before delivery, the mother’s lead level was 30 ug/dL. The infant’s lead level was 32 ug/dL at the time of delivery. The infant’s lead trended down without requiring chelation. Both children have since demonstrated developmental delays and have needed early intervention services.
Lead Toxicity From Imported Jewelry
Authors: Hauptman Marissa , Nascarella Marc , Silvester Jocelyn , Kellogg Mark , Shah Shalini H. , Acosta Keith , Yousuf Aroub , Woolf Alan D.
Published: October 2024

We summarize here the presentation and course of lead poisoning in a 1-year-old who ingested a lead-containing metallic medallion from India. We analyzed the medallion to determine its composition, using x-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy. A simple extraction test was used to estimate oral bioavailability. We used the US Environmental Protection Agency Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic model to compare actual versus predicted blood lead levels. X-ray fluorescence analysis revealed the composition of the medallion to be: Lead 155 000 ppm (15%), copper 530 000 ppm (53%), nickel 49 000 ppm (4.9%), arsenic 22 000 ppm (2.2%), antimony 12 000 ppm (1.2%), tin 3000 ppm (0.3%), and silver 1300 ppm (0.13%). With a fixed ingestion of 7786 µg/d (estimated by simulated gastric extraction analysis) and assuming 50% bioavailability, Integrated Exposure Uptake Biokinetic modeling predicted the geometric mean blood lead level would increase from 2.05 µg/dL to 173.9 µg/dL. This patient had potentially life-threatening lead poisoning from an ingested piece of jewelry. The medallion contained 550 times the allowable content of lead in children’s metallic jewelry sold in the United States. This case highlights the ubiquitous nature of lead in our global environment and the risk of exposure to novel sources, especially for children.
Desastres e saúde pública no Brasil
Authors: Perottoni Anelise
Published: October 2024

Partimos da relação existente entre neoliberalismo, desigualdades e meio ambiente e de como essa relação implica os desastres que vêm ocorrendo em maior quantidade e intensidade, acarretando danos diretos e indiretos à saúde pública. Chamamos ao debate a forma desigual como esses danos atingem os estratos sociais, amplificando as desigualdades, com foco nas perdas sofridas pela população usuária dos serviços públicos de saúde. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa documental e a revisão bibliográfica. A partir da análise de relatórios internacionais de dados coletados por pesquisadores no Brasil, é possível concluir que o cenário de mudanças climáticas é mais uma violência que atinge de forma desigual vítimas com pouca participação no processo de degradação do meio ambiente. No que toca aos impactos provocados na saúde pública, é possível chegar à conclusão de que, no Brasil, muito há de ser feito quanto à governança ligada à prevenção, à capacidade de enfrentamento e à reestruturação.
La gestión del conocimiento en la educación superior colombiana: un análisis documental
Authors: Chaparro Prieto Adriana Yeicy , Perdomo Vargas Iván Ricardo
Published: October 2024

La gestión del conocimiento es un proceso fundamental para las organizaciones, ya que permite maximizar el capital intelectual, potenciando así la innovación y mejorando la competitividad. En instituciones de educación superior, la gestión del conocimiento se torna esencial para la promoción de la excelencia académica, más aún cuando se considera la variabilidad del entorno en el cual se encuentran inmersas estas organizaciones. Por lo anterior, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo describir las dinámicas de la gestión del conocimiento en las instituciones de educación superior (IES) en el contexto colombiano. Para ello, se realizó un trabajo de revisión documental en una base de datos especializada, siguiendo una perspectiva cualitativa y un enfoque hermenéutico. Con el fin de orientar la recolección de información, se estableció un algoritmo de búsqueda compuesto por palabras clave, en un rango de ocho (8) años. Como resultados relevantes, se evidencia la importancia de la investigación como elemento articulador de cualquier modelo de gestión del conocimiento en la educación superior, así como el valor agregado que genera la divulgación de este activo. Se discute la importancia de consolidar procesos de transferencia del conocimiento al interior de las instituciones de educación superior que impulsen la democratización del conocimiento en las comunidades de interés.
Enseñanza computacional en educación desde una visión integral: un aliado en la alfabetización para la era digital (APED)
Authors: Noriega-Carrasco María-Guadalupe , Tarango Javier
Published: October 2024

Este ensayo científico aborda la sistematización teórica de los elementos relacionados con la alfabetización tecnológica y digital de docentes y estudiantes, partiendo de la inquietud que enmarca las competencias digitales y tecnológicas demandadas en la actualidad. Por tanto, el objetivo de esta propuesta es realizar una revisión documental para conocer las demandas educativas para la era digital, la importancia del instrumentalismo en la alfabetización tecnológica y digital del siglo XXI y la situación prevaleciente en México, sin obviar algunas visiones teóricas latinoamericanas. La necesidad de formación en cuestiones de cultura y alfabetización digital comprende a toda la sociedad; no obstante, el planteamiento gira en torno a los ámbitos educativos desde dos perspectivas teóricas: (1) el papel de los actores involucrados, en que, además de los estudiantes, se considera esencial la condición de los docentes; y (2) los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje como un medio sistematizado para influir en procesos formativos. Se analizan las dificultades que acompañan la intención de generar programas de enseñanza instrumental para fortalecer los niveles de alfabetización digital (AD) y alfabetización tecnológica (AT), los cuales se ven afectados por variadas razones, tales como, edad de los participantes, nivel educativo en donde se pretende implantar el programa, su desvaloración en el aprendizaje por no considerarse prioritarios y su exclusión de los planes de estudio.
Altas diluições dinamizadas de fenazopiridina e cartilagem de tubarão no manejo de tripes, míldio e no rendimento de cebola em sistema orgânico
Authors: Gonçalves Paulo Antonio de Souza , Rodrigues de Araújo Edivânio , Boff Pedro , Resende Renata Sousa , Geremias Leandro Delalibera
Published: October 2024

O manejo fitossanitário da cultura da cebola tem como principais agentes bióticos na fase de desenvolvimento vegetativo e formação de bulbos o míldio, Peronospora destructor (Berk.) Casp. (Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae), e o tripes, Thrips tabaci Lindeman 1888 (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar altas diluições dinamizadas de cloridrato de fenazopiridina e cartilagem de tubarão no manejo de tripes, míldio, produtividade e pós-colheita de cebola produzida em sistema orgânico. Os experimentos foram conduzidos a campo na Estação Experimental de Ituporanga, Epagri, SC, entre agosto a novembro de 2019 e 2020. O estudo foi composto por dois experimentos separados, sendo utilizado em cada unidade experimental os preparados em altas diluições dinamizadas de fenazopiridina e cartilagem de tubarão, nas potências 6CH, 12CH e 30CH (CH, ordem de diluição centesimal hahnemanniana) e testemunha sem aplicação. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições. Altas diluições dinamizadas de fenazopiridina apresentaram redução de 15,4% da severidade de míldio com menor nível para 12CH no ano de 2020. A incidência e danos de tripes, produtividade e rendimento pós-colheita não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos.
A digitális 3D tomoszintézises mammográfia az emlőrák diagnosztikájában és szűrésében
Authors: Tasnádi Tünde
Published: October 2024

Az emlőrák mortalitása és morbiditása a mammográfiás szűrőprogram bevezetésével
szignifikánsan csökkent. A teljes gyógyulás szempontjából rendkívül nagy
jelentősége van a korai felismerésnek. A 2011-ben az FDA által is elfogadott
digitális 3D tomoszintézis a digitális mammográfiát (full-field digital
mammography – FFDM) kiegészítő modalitás, mely jól alkalmazható az
emlőbetegségek diagnosztikájában és az emlőrák szűrésében. A digitális 3D
tomoszintézis alapelve: a vizsgálat során egy adott köríven mozgó röntgencső az
emlőről – kis sugárdózissal – rövid idő alatt 10–15 átfedő digitális képet
készít. Az így nyert adathalmazból számítógépes feldolgozással vékony
szeletvastagságú rétegképek (3D tomoszintézis), valamint rekonstruált, a
hagyományos mammográfiás képhez hasonló, ún. szintetikus 2D képek is készülnek.
Az előnyök mellett (nagyobb rákfelismerési arány, a kóros képletek, szerkezeti
disztorzió, aszimmetrikus denzitás pontosabb megítélése, a felesleges
mintavételek számának csökkenése, a szűrésben kisebb visszahívási arány) a
hátrányokkal kapcsolatos dilemmák (például sugárterhelés, nagyobb tárhelyigény)
ismerete is fontos. Orv Hetil. 2024; 165(37): 1443–1451.
A cochlearis implantátumok fejlesztési iránya a perimodiolaris diszkriminációs elhelyezkedés korrekciójára
Authors: Nagy Roland , Rovó László , Bere Zsófia , Molnár Fiona , Perényi Ádám , Posta Bálint , Tóbiás Zoltán , Beinschroth Ninett , Csanády Miklós
Published: October 2024

Bevezetés: A cochlearis implantátum egy hallásjavító eszköz,
amely elektromos impulzusokkal közvetlenül stimulálja az idegsejteket. A
beültetett elektródasor ideális elhelyezése elengedhetetlen a készüléket viselők
számára. Számos hazai és nemzetközi vizsgálat igazolt szignifikáns összefüggést
a műtét után helyreállított elektromos hallás minőségével. Az optimális
beültetés során az elektródákat a lehető legközelebb helyezzük el a ganglion
spirale sejtjeihez, így az összpontosított stimuláció javíthatja a beszédértést
és a beszédkészséget. Célkitűzés: Célunk az elektródasor
elhelyezkedésének vizsgálata és a cochlea középtengelyéhez mért legkisebb
távolságának optimalizálása, mindemellett a kedvezőbb pozíció virtuális elemzése
és a behelyezett elektródák alakjának digitalizált újratervezése.
Módszer: Kutatásunkhoz 10 perimodiolaris beültetett
elektródasor pozicionálási eredményét dolgoztuk fel. Az intraoperatív képalkotó
eljárások eredményeit elektrofiziológiás módszerekkel (impedancia,
idegiválasz-telemetriai vizsgálat) vetettük össze. Eredmények:
Méréseink alapján virtuálisan megalkotott elektródasorokat vetettünk össze,
amelyek különböző szögben deformált (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°) bazális szakasszal
rendelkeznek. Az elektrofiziológiás és a képalkotó technikák megerősítik, hogy
az elektródasor kedvezőbb helyzetbe kerül, amennyiben az közelebb tud
helyezkedni a cochlea középtengelyéhez. Következtetés: Az
újraformált elektródasorok pozicionálása drasztikus hatással lehet a későbbi
beszédértésre, a beszéd minőségére és a készülék energiafogyasztására. Orv
Hetil. 2024; 165(37): 1452–1460.