bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Autoethnographic Reflection of COVID-19 and/as Biographical Disruption
Authors: Ghai Anita , Tenneti Suchaita
Published: February 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic and concomitant measures to mitigate it have exacerbated pre-existing social inequalities and have proven to be major disruptive phenomena at both individual and community levels. People with disabilities and chronic illnesses have been some of the most drastically impacted social groups during the pandemic whose isolation and vulnerabilities have often been compounded in the wake of the massive social upheaval. Through an autoethnographic account of a woman with a physical disability in India who has also survived polio, heart disease, cancer and COVID-19, this article captures some of the complex and conflicting emotions and experiences of a life lived at the intersections of various embodied precarities and demonstrates how a social disaster can itself constitute a biographical disruption.
Indigenous Knowledge and Sustainability
Authors: Carrin Marine
Published: February 2024

In this article, “indigenous knowledge” and its relationship to tradition and to reinvented religion are explored. Indigenous people around the world have a rich body of knowledge about the ecology of the local flora and fauna and of ecosystem processes, accumulated and applied through many generations of observation and experience. But this knowledge extends to the entire process of “dwelling” ( Ingold, 2000 ) in their habitat, including particular ways of thinking and acting that may be seen to constitute a “habitus” in Bourdieu’s sense.
Correlation between Cleft Width and Adjacent Teeth Inclination in Patients with Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Using CBCT: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Tayyar Reham Khaled , Khattab Tarek Z.
Published: February 2024

Objectives

To evaluate buccolingual and mesiodistal inclination of cleft-adjacent maxillary permanent central incisors (U1) and canines (U3) in patients with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) in the late mixed dentition and to investigate the correlation between the alveolar cleft width and cleft-adjacent teeth inclination using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Design

Observational cross-sectional retrospective study.

Setting

Department of Orthodontics, Hama University Dental School.

Patients

32 patients with UCLP (22 boys, 10 girls; mean age = 10.53 ± 1.51 years).

Main Outcome Measure

Buccolingual and mesiodistal inclination of maxillary central incisors and canines were measured on both sides. Then, the cleft and non-cleft sides were compared using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Pearson's correlation was used to explore the association between the alveolar cleft width and cleft-adjacent U1 and U3 buccolingual and mesiodistal inclination.

Results

The cleft-adjacent central incisors were significantly inclined lingually and distally compared with their non-cleft antimeres ( P = .003, P < .001, respectively). The cleft-adjacent canines were significantly inclined buccally and mesially compared with their non-cleft antimeres ( P < .001, for both). A positive correlation was found between the buccolingual inclination of cleft-adjacent U1 and the alveolar cleft width ( r = 0.49, P = .004).

Conclusions

Patients with UCLP demonstrated a significant lingual and distal inclination of cleft-adjacent U1 and a significant buccal and mesial inclination of cleft-adjacent U3. The buccolingual inclination of cleft-adjacent U1 tends to increase with increasing the alveolar cleft width; however, the correlation was weak.
Incapacitated and/or Forcible Rape Experience Predicting College Women's Rape Victim Empathy
Authors: Osman Suzanne L. , Gingerich Tieryn R.
Published: February 2024

Rape experience is common and victim empathy may help address it (e.g., prevention, victim support). We examined rape victim empathy based on type of rape experience (none, incapacitated, forcible, combined). Undergraduate women ( n = 658) completed the Rape Victim Empathy-During Subscale and Sexual Experiences Survey-Short Form Victimization. Rape experience was associated with greater empathy, especially for those with any forcible experience. Perhaps due to weaker memory of their own rape event, incapacitated victims may be relatively less able than forcible victims to understand another victim's perspective during a rape. Researchers should consider examining incapacitated and forcible rape as distinct experiences.
Cataract surgery using two 3D visualization systems: Complication rates, surgical duration & comparison with traditional microscopes
Authors: Diakonis Vasilios F , Tsaousis Konstantinos T , Watson Caroline , Castellano Kirk , Weinstock Robert J
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To compare the complication rates and surgical duration of cataract surgery using two 3D visualization systems and a traditional binocular microscope among experienced and inexperienced surgeons.

Methods

This retrospective case series included 571 eyes that received cataract surgery using either heads up cataract surgery, via a 3D head mounted system ( N = 148–Group 1) or a 3D display screen ( N = 338 eyes–Group 2), or traditional binocular microscope ( N = 85 eyes–Group 3). The surgical records of consecutive patients who underwent cataract surgery by two groups of surgeons (experienced and inexperienced) were reviewed. Patients in all groups received either femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) or traditional phacoemulsification. Complication rate, as well as duration of cataract surgery were evaluated between all three visualization approaches, between experienced and inexperienced surgeons.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in duration of surgery between all 3 visualization approaches for both experienced and inexperienced surgeons ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, the type of surgical technique (manual or FLACS) did not affect the surgical duration for both experienced and inexperienced surgeons ( p < 0.05). No intraoperative complications were demonstrated in the current cohort.

Conclusions

The implementation of heads up–3D visualization either through a screen or a head mounted platform for cataract surgery seems to offer similar safety and efficiency as the traditional binocular microscope, and both experienced and inexperienced surgeons demonstrate the same outcomes in terms of safety and efficiency.
Popular Environmental Media in Australia: Reflections on Audience Engagement and Impact
Authors: Podkalicka Aneta , Nilsson Danie , Troon Simon
Published: February 2024

Proliferating media content is key to public understanding and discussions about the environment and climate change. While scholarly interest in mediated environmental communication has been ample and multi-directional, the questions around media's impacts remain pressing and largely under-theorised. This paper uses an example of popular environmental media in Australia – i.e. media aimed at attracting wide audiences – to discuss how impact is perceived and pursued in the distinctive Australian context, and what can be inferred from this study about environmental media and its impact more generally. Drawing on 28 interviews with media-makers and practitioners, conducted between 2022 and 2023, we catalogue common creative/narratives strategies used to engage audiences, noting a diversity of views and approaches for creating and measuring impact. The paper contributes to theoretical debates on media impact and encourages active academic research-media industry collaborations as part of initiatives aimed at meeting the challenges of climate change.
The resounding influence of benevolent childhood experiences
Authors: Herman Kaley A. , Hautala Dane S. , Aulandez Kevalin M. W. , Walls Melissa L.
Published: February 2024

Research with Indigenous communities has demonstrated the detrimental impacts of intergenerational trauma and disproportionate adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) on health and behavioral outcomes in adulthood. A more balanced narrative that includes positive childhood experiences is needed. The construct of benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) facilitates assessment of positive early life experiences and their impact on well-being for Indigenous peoples. We consider associations between BCEs and well-being when taking into account ACEs and adult positive experiences. Participants are from Healing Pathways, a longitudinal, community-based panel study with Indigenous families in the Midwestern United States and Canada. Data for the current analyses are derived from 453 participants interviewed at wave 9 of the study. Participants reported high levels of positive childhood experiences in the form of BCEs, with 86.5% of the wave 9 participants reporting experiencing at least six of seven positive indicators. BCEs were positively associated with young adult well-being. This relationship persisted even when accounting for ACEs and adult positive experiences. While ACEs were negatively correlated with young adult well-being, they were not significantly associated with well-being when considering family satisfaction and receiving emotional support. Evidence of high levels of BCEs reflects realities of strong Indigenous families and an abundance of positive childhood experiences.
Deconstructing wisdom through a cultural lens: Folk understandings of wisdom and its ontology in the Philippines and Sri Lanka
Authors: Amarasuriya Santushi Devini , Salanga Maria Guadalupe C. , Llorin Charisse T. , Morales Marie Rose H. , Jayawickreme Eranda , Grossmann Igor
Published: February 2024

In many contemporary societies, misinformation, epistemic arrogance, and intergroup conflict pose serious threats to social cohesion and well-being. Wisdom may offer a potential antidote to these problems, with a recently identified Common Wisdom Model (CWM) suggesting that wisdom involves epistemic virtues such as intellectual humility, openness to change, and perspective-taking. However, it is unclear whether these virtues are central for folk concepts of wisdom in non-Western contexts. We explored this question by conducting focus group discussions with 174 participants from the Philippines and Sri Lanka, two countries facing socio-political and economic challenges. We found that epistemic themes were common in both countries, but more so when participants were asked to define wisdom in general terms rather than to describe how it is acquired or expressed in daily lives. Moreover, epistemic themes were more prevalent among Filipino than Sri Lankan participants, especially when the questions posed were abstract rather than concrete. We discuss how these findings relate to the CWM and the socio-cultural contexts of the two countries, and suggest that a question format should be considered in cross-cultural research on wisdom.
Characteristics associated with non-initiation and non-completion of human papillomavirus vaccination among Danish girls: a nationwide register-based cohort study
Authors: Algren Maria H. , Gazibara Tatjana , Valentiner-Branth Palle , Timmermann Amalie , Thygesen Lau C. , Tolstrup Janne S.
Published: February 2024

Aim:

The aim was to identify maternal and paternal socioeconomic and demographic characteristics for non-initiation and non-completion of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among Danish girls including time-trends.

Methods:

This nationwide register-based cohort study included all girls residing in Denmark who were offered free-of-charge HPV vaccination as a part of the childhood vaccination program between 2009 and 2018 (birth cohorts 1996–2005). The study samples included 296,461 daughter–mother dyads and 291,025 daughter–father dyads. Data from the Danish Vaccination Register were linked with socioeconomic and demographic data from Statistics Denmark. HPV vaccination status was classified as ‘non-initiation’ for girls who received no HPV vaccine and as ‘non-completion’ for girls who initiated the HPV vaccination program but did not receive all the scheduled HPV vaccines. Data were analyzed using logistic regression models.

Results:

Non-initiation of HPV vaccination was 13.7%, and non-completion was 24.2% among girls who initiated the HPV vaccination program. Girls of parents who were descendants of immigrants (adjusted odds ratio: 1.50; 95% confidence interval: 1.35–1.68), were at least 35-years old at time of birth, had basic or no education, had a low income, were not in the labor market, and were unmarried had the highest non-initiation and non-completion odds. The associations between socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and HPV vaccination uptake were similar for mothers and fathers.

Conclusions:

Despite free-of-charge availability to HPV vaccination in Denmark, we found disparities in non-initiation and non-completion of HPV vaccination among Danish girls by both mothers’ and fathers’ socioeconomic and demographic characteristics.
Characteristics of the most viewed Hybrid Assistive Limb-related videos on YouTube
Authors: Nagasawa Makoto , Nakamura Sho , Narimatsu Hiroto
Published: February 2024

Objectives. YouTube is one of the most popular video-sharing tools and is used as a forum for sharing information about experiences with new technology-based exercise programs, such as the wearable cyborg Hybrid Assistive Limb (HAL). This study aimed to analyze the content and quality of HAL-related videos viewed by people to clarify the content required by YouTube viewers. Methods. We searched HAL-related YouTube videos and selected the top 100 most viewed videos. The number of views, video length, upload date, content, and uploaders of each video were recorded. In addition, DISCERN was used to evaluate the quality of videos. Results. Of the 100 videos, the most shared content was the training videos on HAL ( n = 58). The videos uploaded by YouTubers had a significantly higher number of views than those uploaded by other uploaders (hospital, company, and municipality) ( p < .001). Furthermore, they had significantly higher DISCERN Questions 16 scores, which serve as the basis for the overall evaluation of the publication’s overall quality ( p < .001). Conclusion. HAL-related videos on YouTube, featuring the experiences and feedback of YouTubers who are HAL users, are favored more by viewers than by service providers.
Troubling transracialism: a transnational perspective
Authors: Hitesh Mansi
Published: February 2024

What kinds of feminist projects are made possible by (dis)analogising race and gender and/or transing them? The article asserts that an arbitrary separation is enacted when the transgender-transracial question is pulled apart such that an examination of the conceptual prefix that connects the two, i.e. trans, is discarded for an examination of the elements that allow for their separation – race and gender. Rather than affirm a (dis)analogy between race and gender, the article offers two correctives to the feminist discourse around transracialism / the possibility of reading race as malleable. First, I contest the shock value of transracialism by suggesting that a modality of transracial crossing has existed in the feminist imagination in the form of transnational, diasporic crossings that are separate, though not disparate, from transgender crossings. Second, through a glimpse into the history of racial prerequisite cases in early twentieth-century USA, I suggest the necessity of deploying trans analytics to understand the ways in which race has been made unevenly malleable in highly regulated and contested ways for different populations in different historical contexts. Race operated as fluid, flexible terrain accessed and claimed through discourses of citizenship and diaspora with mixed success. Hence, the article offers diaspora and citizenship, rather than the cultural and biological, as key analytics that enable the mapping of trans formations through patterns of migration and movement.
Determination of progressive damage modelling parameters and calibration studies of 8-harness satin weave S-2 glass fibre reinforced composites
Authors: Ayten Ali Imran , (Gama) Haque Bazle Z.
Published: February 2024

The aim of this article is to present a progressive damage modelling study of 8-harness satin weave S-2 glass fibre-reinforced SC15 epoxy matrix composites. Extensive mechanical properties of the composite were investigated throughout the study. The material was subjected to low-velocity impact (LVI) loading for investigating progressive damage. MAT162 material model in Ls-Dyna commercial finite element software was chosen for modelling damage that occurred in composite structure at the end of LVI test. MAT162 needs different material properties including elastic and strength properties with additional damage parameters. Different standard and non-standard tests were conducted to obtain these properties. Additionally, numerical simulation studies were run to calibrate these material properties. Finally, a set of calibrated material properties of 8HS-S2G/SC15 composite were obtained.
The rise of virtual yarning: An Indigenist research method
Authors: Cooms Samantha , Leroy-Dyer Sharlene , Muurlink Olav
Published: February 2024

Social media is of growing interest as a platform for post-COVID research, providing ungated platforms for minority groups and activists that may struggle to have their messages and voices heard in other media. In First Nations communities around Australia there is a higher-than-average uptake of social media platforms, particularly Facebook. Based on a qualitative research project with a First Nations group in Southeast Queensland targeting knowledges, experiences and perspectives to decolonise disability and caring knowledges this case study explores the use of social media, specifically Facebook, as a platform for virtual yarning focusing on the experiences of First Nations peoples with disability. The study acknowledges the limitations and challenges associated with social media platforms, such as the potential for over-sharing, privacy concerns and the risk of bullying. It emphasises the need for researchers, especially those considered outsiders, to carefully consider the ethical implications and potential exposure to lateral violence. The research highlights the advantages of virtual yarning on Facebook, including increased access to culture and belonging, reduced participant burden and cost-effectiveness. It recognises the value of multimedia platforms in promoting culturally appropriate and accessible communication, particularly for communities with diverse literacy levels. However, the study acknowledges the trade-off between breadth and depth of data quality inherent in social media research and recommends virtual yarning as a supplementary method alongside focus groups and yarning interviews or as a platform to recruit participants for research. Ethical considerations are crucial in this context, particularly regarding privacy, data sovereignty and intellectual property.
The social media use of college students: Exploring identity development, learning support, and parallel use
Authors: Astleitner Hermann , Schlick Sarah
Published: February 2024

Social media has a strong influence on the everyday lives of college students. A particular question of advanced research interest is whether social media also play a role when attending class. This exploratory study was aimed at designing a theoretical model that embraces such concepts. First, we identified that identity development, learning support, and parallel use are general concepts that are relevant when attending class. Next, using a survey with 230 students, we examined whether these general concepts could be empirically validated with factor and correlation analyses. We then applied a literature review to identify and subordinate more specific concepts to these general concepts. The resulting model of social media use when attending class includes active and passive elements related to designing and registering personal information, giving and getting support for learning, as well as posting and browsing during parallel use. We offer three conclusions: (1) identity development is based on impression management, social comparison, and self-concept clarifying, (2) learning support consists of collaborative learning, supporting intrinsic motivation, and promoting self-efficacy, and (3) parallel use during learning is based on entertainment, escapism, and relaxation. Finally, we discuss limitations, especially missing model tests, future research activities, and practical implications of our conceptual model.
Validity and reliability of the Dutch version of the S3-NIV questionnaire to evaluate long-term noninvasive ventilation
Authors: Seijger Charlotte GW , Vosse Bettine AH , la Fontaine Leandre , Raveling Tim , Cobben Nicolle AM , Wijkstra Peter J
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is an effective treatment for chronic respiratory failure (CRF). Patient-centered outcomes need to be evaluated regularly and the S3-NIV questionnaire seems an applicable tool. We translated this short, self-administered questionnaire into a Dutch version and tested its construct validity and reliability.

Methods

An observational study was conducted, including 127 stable long-term NIV users with CRF or complex sleep related breathing disorders due to different underlying diseases: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (25%), slowly progressive neuromuscular disorders (35%), rapidly progressive neuromuscular disorders (12%) and ‘other disorders’ (28%) including complex sleep apnea and obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Construct validity and reliability were tested.

Results

The Dutch version of the questionnaire was obtained after a translation and back-translation process. Internal consistency of the total score was good (Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.78) as well as for the ‘respiratory symptoms’ subdomain and the ‘sleep and side effects’ subdomain (Cronbach’s α coefficient of 0.78 and 0.69, respectively). The reproducibility was excellent with an intraclass correlation of 0.89 (95% CI 0.87-0.93). Construct validity was good for the ‘respiratory symptoms’ subdomain.

Conclusion

The Dutch S3-NIV questionnaire is a reliable and valid tool to evaluate symptoms, sleep, and NIV related side effects in long-term NIV users.
Self-Judgment and Depression Among Students of Color During the Transition to College: Gender Differences
Authors: Ozmat Evan E. , Martin Jessica L. , Cimini M. Dolores
Published: February 2024

Research has demonstrated the link between experiences of mental health concerns, such as depression, and college attrition. The risk for mental health concerns is higher among lower-income first-year students of color. Higher levels of self-judgment have been shown to lead to poorer mental health. Female students tend to be higher in self-judgment, and lower-income students are at higher risk for mental health concerns, such as depression, during their first year of college. This study used longitudinal data from three time points to investigate gender's moderating effect on a causal association of self-judgment leading to depression among first-year college students identified by their university as being economically and academically disadvantaged, controlling for time ( N = 118; 92.37% non-White; 61.02% female). The findings suggest that self-judgment may be causally related to depression for only female students. Interventions aimed at increasing retention among academically and economically disadvantaged first-year students by targeting a self-judgment-to-depression causal link may be most effective for females.
Which Tests Should Be Routinely Ordered Prior to Brachial Plexus Reconstruction? Results of a Delphi Panel
Authors: Dy Christopher J. , Antes Alison L. , Sisk Bryan A. ,   PLANeT Study Group
Published: February 2024

Background:

There are notable differences in how adult patients with traumatic brachial plexus injuries (BPI) are evaluated and treated.

Purpose:

To better understand existing philosophies, we used the Delphi method to measure and foster consensus on routine use of electrodiagnostic testing, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT) myelograms prior to surgery. Panelists were 10 peripheral nerve surgeons board certified in their respective specialties at 5 academic medical centers in the United States.

Methods:

We presented 2 cases (1 complete/pan-BPI and 1 upper trunk BPI) to panelists and asked how often they would order the following preoperative diagnostic tests: electrodiagnostic studies; ultrasound of the brachial plexus; MRI of the brachial plexus; CT myelogram. Our Delphi process included an initial survey with videoconference discussion after the first round. A second survey/videoconference round was conducted to further probe the items that did not reach consensus during the first round.

Results:

Among the 10 surgeons, there was consensus that prior to brachial plexus surgery electrodiagnostic studies and MRI should be routinely ordered and ultrasound of the brachial plexus should not be routinely ordered. The group did not reach consensus on whether CT myelogram should or should not be routinely ordered.

Conclusions:

Based on our panel’s discussion, future work should focus on comparing the accuracy of CT myelogram and MRI for evaluation of cervical nerve root presence and viability.
Research on identification of key processes in machining process based on PageRank algorithm
Authors: Qu Dongyue , Li Chao , Gu Chaoyun , Yao Yuzhi , Zhan Yong
Published: February 2024

Aiming at the difficulty of quantitatively evaluating the critical processes in the manufacturing process of complex mechanical products, a critical process identification method based on the PageRank algorithm is proposed with the goal of identifying key processes in the machining process. Based on the complex network theory, the error transfer network model of the machining process is established in this paper. Adopting the actual machining process as the data set of the complex network, the weights of the machining feature nodes are calculated by the PageRank ranking algorithm, and the nodes are ranked according to the weight values to assess the influence and importance of the nodes in the network model. Finally, taking the connecting rod machining process of a medium-speed marine diesel engine as an example, the results show that the method can quickly and effectively identify the key processes in the machining process.
A novel risk assessment tool for postoperative delirium in vascular surgery: The stress model (Siena posTopeRative dElirium in vaScular Surgery)
Authors: Pasqui Edoardo , de Donato Gianmarco , Brancaccio Brenda , Casilli Giulia , Ferrante Giulia , Palasciano Giancarlo
Published: February 2024

Objective

Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication with a high health-related impact. The creation of a model (Siena posTopeRative dElirium in vaScular Surgery) to identify high-risk patients with consecutive prompt diagnosis and correct management.

Methods

This is an observational retrospective study to evaluate POD incidence in patients who underwent elective vascular surgery procedures between 2018 and 2020. POD was detected using CAM and defined as the onset of an acute confusional state, clinically manifesting as a disturbed state of consciousness, cognitive dysfunction, or alteration in perception and behavior. The total population was divided in the development and validation subsamples. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed, identifying variables related to the occurrence of POD. An additive score was created and the STRESS score was internally validated using the Validation subgroup.

Results

A total of 1067 patients were enrolled. POD occurred in 111 cases (10.4%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis for POD occurrence revealed as significant predictors: age>75 years, CKD, dyslipidaemia, psychiatric disease, CAD, hospitalization in the previous month, preoperative NLR >3.59, preoperative Hb < 12 g/dl, preoperative Barthel score <75, major amputation, CLTI revascularization, general anesthesia, and postoperative urinary catheter. These variables were used to create the STRESS score. The model was applied to both development and validation subgroups; AUC was respectively 0.7079 ( p < .0001) and 0.7270 ( p < .0001).

Conclusion

The STRESS score has a good predictive potentiality for POD occurrence in elective vascular surgery procedures. However, implementation and external validation are needed to be correctly used in everyday clinical practice.
Epidemiology, clinical features and prognostic factors in patients with Covid-19 and acute limb ischaemia – A single center study
Authors: Ciumanghel Irina , Buzincu Iulian , Ciumanghel Adi Ionut , Barbuta Eliza , Cimpoesu Diana
Published: February 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to determine the incidence, clinical and paraclinical characteristics and outcomes of Covid-19 positive patients presenting in the Emergency Department (ED) with and treated for acute limb ischaemia (ALI) during a 2-year period.

Methods

This retrospective study was conducted in the ED of St. Spiridon County Clinical Emergency Hospital in Iasi, north-east region of Romania. The patients included in this study presented in the ED between March 1st, 2020 and February 28th, 2022 with ALI and Covid-19.

Results

During the study period, a total number of 141018 patients were evaluated in our ED, 8578 (representing 6,08%) patients being diagnosed with Covid-19. Of them, 98 (1.14% of all with Covid-19) presented ALI. The mean age was 70.9 ± 10.23 and 67.3% of the patients were males. At admission, 57% of patients had Covid-19-related pneumonia, identified on X-ray or CT scan. Of all patients, 81 (82%) were diagnosed with ALI in lower limbs with 10% of them having affected both limbs. 95% of the patients presented comorbidities, the main being cardiac (85%), diabetes mellitus (37%), vascular (24%) and neurological (22.6%). Non-survivor patients were more likely to have Covid-19 pneumonia on chest X-ray or CT scan, 92% versus 44% (OR 15, CI 3.3; 68, p < .01), lymphopenia 96% versus 70% (OR 10.2, CI 1.30; 80.9, p < .01), a NLR over 9.77% versus 30% (OR 7.5, CI 2.6; 21.4, p < .01), acidosis 65% versus 33% (OR 3.8, CI 1.4; 9.7, p < .01), abnormal AST, 69% versus 29% (OR 5.4, CI 2; 14.5, p < .01) and secondary amputation, 38.5 versus 11.1% (OR 5, CI 1.7; 14.7, p < 0.1). Overall, the mortality rate was 26.5%.

Conclusion

The prevalence of ALI in patients infected with Covid-19 who were evaluated in our ED was 1.14%. The highest mortality rate was probably related to Covid-19 pneumonia. We observed that patients with Covid-19 pneumonia, lymphopenia, a NLR >9, metabolic acidosis, increased AST at ED admission and secondary amputation had a higher mortality.
Exploring an Effective International Higher Education Partnership Model Through Virtual Student Mobility Programs: A Case Study
Authors: Enkhtur Ariunaa , Zhang (张希西) Xixi , Li (李明) Ming , Chen (陈丽兰) Lilan
Published: February 2024

Purpose

This study examined the role of virtual student mobility (VSM) programs in developing international education partnerships and explored key factors for building successful transnational partnerships.

Design/Approach/Methods

Drawing on Yin’s case study approach, we explored several VSM programs offered by a Japanese national university in partnership with four research universities in China. Data sources included an autoethnographic account of planning and organizing virtual exchange programs and interviews with the partner universities’ virtual exchange program coordinators as well as with students who took different virtual exchange courses under the partnership.

Findings

Our case study showed that VSM models require significant collaboration, support, and commitment from universities to offer high-quality exchange programs. The initial establishment of VSM programs relies on existing relationships, clear communication, and a commitment to collaborate; however, VSM programs’ success depends heavily on the quality of online support, as well as inter-university communication and collaboration between administrators and faculty and intra-university communication and collaboration with partner universities. Based on the research results and the previous literature on international higher education partnerships, we propose a renewed partnership model in VSM comprising three main characteristics: (1) effective coordination and support, (2) effective communication, and (3) a commitment to partnership.

Originality/Value

Amidst emerging VSM models in higher education, this study contributes to the literature by proposing a renewed partnership model for sustaining VSM programs.
What Is the Evidence Supporting Osteobiologic Use in Revision Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion?
Authors: Muthu Sathish , Diniz Sara Elisa , Viswanathan Vibhu Krishnan , Hsieh Patrick C. , Abedi Aidin , Yoon Tim , Meisel Hans Jörg , Buser Zorica , Rodrigues-Pinto Ricardo , Knowledge Forum Degenerative AO Spine
Published: February 2024

Study design

Systematic literature review

Objective

To analyze the literature and describe the evidence supporting osteobiologic use in revision anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases was conducted for literature reporting the use of osteobiologics in revision ACDF. We searched for studies reporting outcomes of using any osteobiologic use in revision ACDF surgeries (independently of the number of levels) in the above databases.

Results

There are currently no studies in the literature describing the outcome and comparative efficacy of diverse osteobiologic agents in the context of revision ACDF surgery. A majority of the current evidence is based only upon studies involving primary ACDF surgery.

Conclusion

The current study highlights the paucity of literature evidence on the role of diverse osteobiologics in revision ACDF, and foregrounds the need for high-quality evidence on this subject.
Assessment of Nutritional Status Using World Health Organisation (WHO, 2007) and Revised Indian Academy of Paediatrics () Growth Charts Among Adolescent Girls of Ambala, Haryana
Authors: Kapoor Rashmi Choudhary , Talwar Indu
Published: February 2024

Assessing a population’s nutritional status and identifying specific causes and factors contributing to malnutrition are essential to implementing relevant interventions. This study aimed to assess the nutritional status and its correlates among adolescent girls and determine the most suitable growth chart/reference to estimate malnutrition among them. The cross-sectional sample consisted of 858 adolescent girls aged 10–19 years belonging to the rural and urban areas of district Ambala, Haryana. Height and weight were measured to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Socio-economic, demographic and dietary patterns were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Nutritional status was evaluated with the help of BMI using two different standards. Correlates of nutritional status were investigated using Chi-square test. According to the classification of WHO, stunting was shown by 60.73% of rural and 38.62% of urban girls. Wasting was witnessed in 52.43% of rural girls compared to 25.67% of urban girls. As per IAP growth charts, the maximum percentage (7.32%) of thinness was seen among rural girls, while only 1.96% of urban girls reported thinness. Urban girls exhibited a maximum percentage (19.36%) of overweight and obesity compared to 5.42% of rural girls. Undernutrition (underweight, stunting and wasting) was more prevalent among the rural girls, while the urban girls showed more incidence of overnutrition, that is, overweight and obesity. Socio-economic variables (parents’ educational status, occupation and monthly family income), demographic variables (family size, birth order and size of sib ship) and dietary habits (frequency of meals per day, food habits, consumption of milk and type of lunch) showed significant association with the nutritional status of the girls. Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve (ROC) analysis revealed the IAP growth charts to be the most suitable for assessing malnutrition among adolescent girls compared to WHO criteria.
Fracture resistance evaluation of CAD/CAM zirconia and composite primary molar crowns with different occlusal thicknesses
Authors: Bolaca Arif , Erdoğan Yıldırım
Published: February 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of different CAD/CAM materials and occlusal thicknesses on the fracture resistance of primary molar crowns.

Methods:

Sixty extracted primary molar teeth were prepared and randomly divided into six experimental groups according to the material and thickness. Primary molar crowns with a central groove thickness of 0.3 and 0.5 mm were fabricated from CAD/CAM zirconia (group Z), zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (group ZLS), and pre-polymerized composite resin blocks (group C). Each crown was cemented with self-adhesive resin cement on the prepared tooth. All specimens were subjected to fracture tests until fracture. Fracture load values were recorded in Newtons (N). Data were statistically analyzed using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey multiple comparison test.

Results:

The highest fracture load values were obtained in group Z at 0.5 mm occlusal thickness and were significantly higher compared with the other experimental groups ( p < 0.05). Although the lowest fracture load values were obtained in group ZLS at 0.3 mm occlusal thickness, all the tested CAD/CAM primary molar crowns at both thicknesses demonstrated fracture load values exceeding reported chewing force in pediatric patients.

Conclusion:

CAD/CAM primary molar crowns with reduced occlusal thickness may be used for the full-coverage restoration of primary molar teeth.
Consequential Intersections: Examining Equity Expressions and Experiences Within Special Education Ecosystems
Authors: Voulgarides Catherine Kramarczuk , Woulfin Sarah L. , Strassfeld Natasha , Meltzer Isabel
Published: February 2024

We employ the metaphor of an educational ecosystem to explain how racial inequity in special education manifests in a midsized urban school district via equity expressions and experiences. We focus on two ecosystems operating at the mesol-evel within school districts:1) special education and 2) equity ecosystems. We show how these educational ecosystems converge and diverge when a state education agency (SEA) cites a local education agency (LEA) via federal disability legislation for racial disparities in special education outcomes—commonly referred to as racial disproportionality. Using document analysis and semistructured interview data, we empirically examine how equity and special education ecosystems converge and diverge and discuss the implications for addressing racialized inequities. We highlight that there was limited equity absorption across the two ecosystems and how racism and ableism are implicated in the convergences and divergences between the two systems. We conclude with recommendations for policy and practice.
Reflections from the Business School's margins: On doing engaged scholarship
Authors: Millington Steve , Steadman Chloe , Ntounis Nikos
Published: February 2024

In this response to Lees's opening article on engaged dialogue, we reflect on doing engaged scholarship in the context of UK high streets. We foreground three facets of this approach: first, collaborating with partners beyond the ivory tower; second, engaging with ‘left-behind’ places; and third, reconsidering the value of academic outputs to move beyond esteemed journals. We offer these insights working as an interdisciplinary collective focused on helping communities to make their places better, which some might say is marginal within a Business School research agenda context. Finally, we conclude that, despite the challenges we have encountered doing engaged scholarship, the rewards of generating real-world impact outweigh any potential personal costs to our individual career ambitions.
Revised ISHAM-ABPA working group clinical practice guidelines for diagnosing, classifying and treating allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis/mycoses
Authors: Agarwal Ritesh , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Muthu Valliappan , Denning David W. , Chakrabarti Arunaloke , Soundappan Kathirvel , Garg Mandeep , Rudramurthy Shivaprakash M. , Dhooria Sahajal , Armstrong-James Darius , Asano Koichiro , Gangneux Jean-Pierre , Chotirmall Sanjay H. , Salzer Helmut J.F. , Chalmers James D. , Godet Cendrine , Joest Marcus , Page Iain , Nair Parameswaran , Arjun P. , Dhar Raja , Jat Kana Ram , Joe Geethu , Krishnaswamy Uma Maheswari , Mathew Joseph L. , Maturu Venkata Nagarjuna , Mohan Anant , Nath Alok , Patel Dharmesh , Savio Jayanthi , Saxena Puneet , Soman Rajeev , Thangakunam Balamugesh , Baxter Caroline G. , Bongomin Felix , Calhoun William J. , Cornely Oliver A. , Douglass Jo A. , Kosmidis Chris , Meis Jacques F. , Moss Richard , Pasqualotto Alessandro C. , Seidel Danila , Sprute Rosanne , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Aggarwal Ashutosh N.
Published: February 2024

Background

The International Society for Human and Animal Mycology (ISHAM) working group proposed recommendations for managing allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) a decade ago. There is a need to update these recommendations due to advances in diagnostics and therapeutics.

Methods

An international expert group was convened to develop guidelines for managing ABPA (caused byAspergillusspp.) and allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis (ABPM; caused by fungi other thanAspergillusspp.) in adults and children using a modified Delphi method (two online rounds and one in-person meeting). We defined consensus as ≥70% agreement or disagreement. The terms “recommend” and “suggest” are used when the consensus was ≥70% and <70%, respectively.

Results

We recommend screening forA. fumigatussensitisation using fungus-specific IgE in all newly diagnosed asthmatic adults at tertiary care but only difficult-to-treat asthmatic children. We recommend diagnosing ABPA in those with predisposing conditions or compatible clinico-radiological presentation, with a mandatory demonstration of fungal sensitisation and serum total IgE ≥500 IU·mL−1and two of the following: fungal-specific IgG, peripheral blood eosinophilia or suggestive imaging. ABPM is considered in those with an ABPA-like presentation but normalA. fumigatus-IgE. Additionally, diagnosing ABPM requires repeated growth of the causative fungus from sputum. We do not routinely recommend treating asymptomatic ABPA patients. We recommend oral prednisolone or itraconazole monotherapy for treating acute ABPA (newly diagnosed or exacerbation), with prednisolone and itraconazole combination only for treating recurrent ABPA exacerbations. We have devised an objective multidimensional criterion to assess treatment response.

Conclusion

We have framed consensus guidelines for diagnosing, classifying and treating ABPA/M for patient care and research.
The effect of high altitude (2500 m) on incremental cycling exercise in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: a randomised controlled cross-over trial
Authors: Müller Julian , Titz Anna , Schneider Simon R. , Bauer Meret , Mayer Laura , Lüönd Lea , Ulrich Tanja , Furian Michael , Forrer Aglaia , Schwarz Esther I. , Bloch Konrad E. , Lichtblau Mona , Ulrich Silvia
Published: February 2024

Objective

To investigate the effect of a daylong exposure to high altitude on peak exercise capacity and safety in stable patients with pulmonary arterial and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (PAH/CTEPH).

Methods

In a randomised controlled cross-over trial, stable patients with PAH or distal CTEPH without resting hypoxemia at low altitude performed two incremental exercise tests to exhaustion, one after 3–5 h at high (2500 m) and one at low altitude (470 m).

Results

In 27 patients with PAH/CTEPH (44% women, 61±14 y), maximal work-rate was 110±64 watts at 2500 m and 123±64 watts at 470 m (−11%, 95%CI: −16 to −11, p<0.001). SpO2and PaO2at end-exercise were 83±6%versus91±6% and 6.1±1.9 kPaversus8.6±1.9 kPa (−8%; −29%; both p<0.001) at 2500 mversus470 m, respectively. Maximal oxygen uptake at high altitude was 17.8±7.5 L·min−1·kg−1versus20±7.4 L·min−1·kg−1at low altitude (−11%, p<0.001). At end-exercise, the ventilatory equivalent for CO2was 43±9 at 2500 mversus39±9 at 470 m (+9%, 95%CI: 2 to 6; p=0.002). No adverse events occurred during or after exercise.

Conclusion

Among predominantly low-risk patients with stable PAH/CTEPH, cycling exercise during the first day at 2500 m was well tolerated, but peak exercise capacity, blood oxygenation and ventilatory efficiency were lower compared to 470 m.
ERS International Congress 2023: highlights from the Epidemiology and Environment Assembly
Authors: Delgado-Ortiz Laura , Çakmakcı Karakaya Selin , Williams Parris J. , Pacheco Da Silva Emilie , Cornu Hewitt Beatrice , Dumas Orianne , Meteran Howraman
Published: February 2024

In this article, early career members of the Epidemiology and Environment Assembly of the European Respiratory Society (ERS) summarise a selection of four poster and oral sessions from the ERS 2023 Congress. The topics covered the following areas: micro- and macro-environments and respiratory health, occupational upper and lower airway diseases, selected tobacco and nicotine research, and multimorbidity in people with lung diseases. The topics and studies covered in this review illustrate the broad range of the multifaceted research taking place within Assembly 6, from the identification of indoor and outdoor environmental risk factors for the development and worsening of respiratory diseases to the concerningly increasing use of nicotine products and their health consequences beyond respiratory health and comorbidity in respiratory diseases.
Prevalence and burden of chronic cough in France
Authors: Guilleminault Laurent , Li Vicky W. , Fonseca Eileen , Martin Ashley , Schelfhout Jonathan , Ding Helen , Le Moine Gaëlle
Published: February 2024

Background

Chronic cough is a common condition that is associated with lower health-related quality of life and greater healthcare resource use. There are limited data on the prevalence, population characteristics and burden of chronic cough in France.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study based on responses from French adult residents to the 2020 National Health and Wellness Survey. Respondents with chronic cough were compared to 1:3 propensity score-matched controls without chronic cough.

Results

The weighted lifetime and 12-month prevalence of chronic cough were estimated as 7.5% and 4.8%, respectively. Respondents with chronic cough reported significantly worse perceived health than matched controls, with lower mean±sdscores of 46.68±9.28versus50.42±8.26 on the physical health component and 40.32±9.87versus44.32± 9.69 on the mental health component of the Medical Outcomes Study 12-item Short Form Survey Version 2 survey (p<0.001 for both comparisons). Respondents with chronic cough also had higher rates of moderate-to-severe forms of anxiety (24.4%versus12.4%) and depression (36.4%versus20.2%); higher rates of multiple forms of sleep disturbance; greater impairment of work productivity (38.2%versus25.5%) and other activities (41.8%versus28.2%; p<0.001 for all comparisons). Respondents with chronic cough also had higher rates of all-cause healthcare resource use including emergency room visits, hospitalisation, and overall and specialist healthcare provider visits compared to controls (p<0.001 for all comparisons).

Conclusion

Chronic cough is a common condition in France that is associated with lower health-related quality of life and greater healthcare resource utilisation.