bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Panorama laser lane system based IoT
Authors: Won Bang Gul , Ho Kim Yong
Published: March 2021

Background/Objectives: Lane marking to recognize road condition helps driver safely drive. Device in this study is developed as a complement because existing lane marking is able to difficult to identify lane according to its environment.Methods/Statistical analysis: Lane marking has been built by spraying tiny particles of glass on a paint for the purpose of retro-reflection against headlamps in automobile at night. But paint with tiny particles of glass is eliminated by automobiles and function of retro-reflection tends to lost over time. That makes lanes invisible well on rainy days at night. Panorama laser lane system based on mobile network with remote control is designed to irradiate laser beam sequentially toward the road on rainy or snowy day at night for safety guidance.Findings: The system provides visible lane markings on rainy days or at night because laser beam lights the lane on the road to help avoid traffic accident.Improvements/Applications: Smart road to provide safety drive will be built by the installation of system at 20 meters in the road particularly dangerous section of road or accident black spot.
A study on user authentication and key agreement protocol in wireless sensor network
Authors: Young Lee Jae
Published: March 2021

Background/Objectives: The user authentication and key agreement protocol proposed by Jung et al., which is suitable for a wireless sensor network environment is vulnerable to an attack in which a user who is issued a smart card from the gateway, completing the registration step disguises as a random user.Methods/Statistical analysis: This study proposed a method of improving the problem of the security technique proposed by Jung et al., which is vulnerable to a user impersonation attack. This method uses the variable that recorded the times of a user’s request for registration to the gateway in the registration step in which the user is registered to the gateway and a smart card is issued and the login step in which the user issued the smart card is authenticated as a legitimate user.Findings: The security technique proposed in this study consists of four steps, same as the security technique of user authentication and key agreement proposed by Jung et al. In the first step, the registration step, if a user requests for registration to the gateway, the variables that recorded the times of the user’s request for registration (User: Un and Gateway: Gn) are renewed and stored respectively by the user and the gateway. Once the registration step is completed, the user who got a smart card issued from the gateway is authenticated as a legitimate user in the login step, using the issued smart card, ID, password and Un. When the login step is completed, in the third step, the authentication step, the authentication procedures are carried out for the gateway and the sensor node.An attacker obtains a user’s information through various attacks, such as smart-card loss attack, ID-guessing attack or password-guessing attack and attempts the login step, using the obtained information. However, the technique proposed in this study needs the variable that recorded the times of the user’s request for registration to the gateway in addition to a smart card, ID and password to proceed with user authentication in the login step. This variable is a value that only the user and the gateway know, not transmitted in any steps. The attacker who does not know the times of requests for registration cannot proceed with the login step, and the attacker cannot be authenticated as a legitimate user without proceeding to the login step. Thus, the user authentication and key agreement protocol proposed in this study is safe from an attacker’s attack of impersonation as a user.Improvements/Applications: This study proposed a technique of using the variable that recorded the times of the user’s request for registration to the gateway, managed and stored only by the user and the gateway, not transmitted in any steps in user authentication. The proposed technique is safe from an attacker’s attack of impersonation as a user.
Quantitative risk evaluation based on IEC 61508 for SW functional safety of marine bigdata analysis system
Authors: Yeong Kim Hee
Published: March 2021

Background/Objectives: SW functional safety is beyond the SW quality and IEC 61508 is needed instead of ISO/IEC 9126.Embedded SW for Sensor or actuation is needed to be tested as perspectives of functional safety.Methods/Statistical analysis: Risk analysis and quantitative risk evaluation procedure is used for estimating the risk of SW related to safety of equipment and embedded system. FMEDA (Failure Mode, Effects and Diagnostic Analysis) is one of the method for certifying SIL(Safety Integrity Level) but it is not easy to use when the sensors or actuations are too many. FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) is simple method to use with another bigdata analysis technique. MBAS (Marine Bigdata Analysis System) is the SW to be analyzed the risk quantitatively in this study to assure the target safety.Findings: Test methods based on IEC 61508-3 are defined as SIL to assure SW quality effectively but SIL of FMEDA uses complex equations to be defined and sensing equipment parts could be classified as failure rates for input data for equations. I recommend simple method to decide test methods as Severity Level that is very similar to SIL but very easy based on FMEA in this study. MBAS is bigdata solution and sensing data can be validated and verified by the analyzed results of the relation of process functions as dependent value from sensor data as independent value.Improvements/Applications: No needed to be classified and be calculated the detected or undetected failure rate of sensor to assign the parts of equipment to define risks.
A proposals of convolution neural network system for malicious code analysis based on cloud systems
Authors: Kyu Park Yong , Shin Kim Kyung , Il Kim Jang , Hee Kim Sung , Hung Lee Kil
Published: March 2021

Background/Objectives: In the information security field, artificial intelligence must be applied first. This is because the frequency of malicious code is too high and the processing method is too difficult, which is very difficult for human to handle.Methods/Statistical analysis: In this paper, we developed a program to classify malicious codes into images and a Tensorflow system to classify malicious codes. The malware used as input was the computer virus code used in the BIG 2015 Challenge. This dataset, called a Kaggle dataset, consists of 10,868 bytes of train set.Findings: We used the Tensorflow SLIM library to develop this machine learning malware learning machine. This resulted in more than 80% accuracy. Especially, when the CRIS-Ensemble algorithm was added, the accuracy was 97%. The study of malicious code analysis using machine learning consists of two major parts. First, the process of making the virus into images is important. To classify 10,868 Kaggle malware datasets that the BIG 2015 winner showed 99.6% accuracy, Tensorflow's accuracy and parameter tuning are important, but finding the way to make good images is the most important techniqueImprovements/Applications: The results show that the malicious code classification system using machine learning can be an effective method to classify malicious code of malicious code by the accuracy of the result and ease of use.
Development of bracelet type for vessel navigator using near-infrared ray
Authors: Seok Kim Bong
Published: March 2021

Background/Objectives: Bruises on skin or bent in blood vessel and needle stick might occur when a newly graduated nursewho is a poorly trained stuck the needle into wrong spot instead of blood vessel due to poor visibility of fat patients as well as young childrenMethods/Statistical analysisDevelopment of product design for vein finder with a bracelet form using near-infrared ray and securement of not only certificate authority for the device through the possible application of test progress in actual environment but product test specification.Findings: This study is a vessel finding device through near-infrared ray technology. Technology development for various kind of applied products which is able to give first aid to a first-aid patient will be able to be expected. Having technology in convergence field of industry in case of upgrade development of beam projection method which is directly project the back of the hand will be considered to occupy an advantageous position.Improvements/Applications: It is expected the device to be a good opportunity  to invigorate related research and development for optimizing performance in medical device industry even though poor R&D domestic environment
Development of control device for digital permanent equipment capable of temperature control in each rod
Authors: MoKim Yong
Published: March 2021

Background/Objectives: Digital permanent equipment is one of essential beauty treatment devices in beauty parlors. About 30 thousand of beauty parlors have been launching a startup every year. Needs of diverse hair style by a wide range of customers have become increasing and importance of digital permanent equipment is also increased.Methods/Statistical analysis: Digital permanent equipment is possible to control temperature at each rod. Reliability of parts which is used in circuit and product certification is so important that evaluation of reliability as well as product certification is implemented.Findings: Control devices such as power supply for rod, temperature setting for rod, and distribution module to control temperature in each module which generates control signal of heater and sensor in rod are developed not only to improve the convenience of permanent work that is controlled rod temperature by group unlike conventional products but also to allow with checking fault signal of each rod by an over current. Degree of precision for temperature control has greatly increased to utilize temperature sensor.Improvements/Applications: Prototype of digital permanent equipment which is able to control temperature of each rod is developed. Plans for reducing costs and increasing capacity through not only modularity of all circuitsbut development of control board with stability-guaranteed is implemented in this study.
Probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) of a safety critical system: a case study of a nuclear power plant
Authors: Kumar Vinay , Pratihar Dewanshu , Kumar Tripathi Anil
Published: March 2021

Probabilistic Safety Assessment approach has been successfully applied in engineering, economics, computer science and statistics to re-solve a wide range of safety-related problems. However, using Probabilistic Safety Assessment for quantifying safety of a safety critical system is a challenging task in Safety Engineering community. This method plays an essential role in analyzing safety of safety critical sys-tems and its various components. Therefore, in this paper, we present Probabilistic Safety Assessment framework which can be used to quantify the critical failures of a systems. The approach is well demonstrated on a Digital Feed Water Control System uses in a Nuclear Power Plant as safety critical system.
Smartphone controlled hexapod for search rescue and payload delivery
Authors: J Harikrishnan , Chandrika Dega , Prasad Aditi
Published: March 2021

Rudra, the robotic hexapod has 6 independent actuators that are connected to specially designed semi-circular wheelbase for rugged motion. The robotic platform can conquer any terrain with ease and versatility. The advanced payload delivery system includes one 3 DOF arm along with a capacious block inside the body of the platform. The platform can devour any terrain including grass, gravel, mud, rocks, harsh terrain, asphalt, sand. The platform has a dynamic sensor system for real-time monitoring of its surroundings and a feedback to the end user.The entire platform is controlled by an android app.
Fairness analysis of TCP variants in asymmetric network
Authors: Bisoy Sukantkishoro , Kumar Mallick Pradeep , Mishra Anjana
Published: March 2021

Conservative nature of Vegas creates less opportunity to get fair share of bandwidth then Reno in wired network. On the other hand, aggressive nature of Reno helps to achieve more share of bandwidth. Both Reno and Vegas assumes that congestion occurs in the forward rather than in reverse path. In asymmetric network the path characteristics of forward and backward is different.In this work, we propose a network model and analyzed the Inter-protocol fairness between TCP Reno and TCP Vegas with some queue management techniques such as Droptail and random early detection (RED) in asymmetric network where the forward and backward path has different characteristics. The simulation experiment results using NS2 indicates that use of RED can achieve better fairness than Droptail in asymmetric network.
Implementation of 16 Bit SAR ADC in CMOS and sub threshold cml techniques
Authors: A. Jyotsna K , Satish Kumar P , K. Madhavi B , Swaroopa I
Published: March 2021

The trends of the VLSI technology is advancing, due to this majority of the industry players are showing interest in development of the devices with ultra low power applications. Analog-to-Digital converters are getting extensively used in Medical implant machines and in lots of Sensor machines, because it is serving an imperative role in interfacing between analog signal and digital signal. This paper presents a modernistic technique called as Sub threshold Current Mode Logic (CML) for ultra low power digital components. Here 16 bit SAR ADC is designed and compared with the techniques like CMOS and STCML for power consumption and delay. Schematics are materialized with Cadence Virtuoso tool using 45nm process. The transistors in these CML and CMOS operate at threshold voltages and Sub-threshold voltages where the executable design is done using 1V to 0.5V power supply (VDD). The comparator dissipates aggrandized power, so most of the intension is converged on forming this chunk. The CML logic procedure operates primarily with the current domain, due to this the performance can be constitutionally high. This approach decreases static power dissipation.
Synthesis of -Hydroxy -Proline: Potential for Organocataly-sis Reactions
Authors: T.  Mohd Ali M. , . .
Published: March 2021

A chiral organic molecule, L-proline catalyzed an enantioselective transformation reaction has becoming interesting synthetic protocol especially in the area of organocatalysis. Herein, a synthetic approach towards -hydroxy--proline starting from bicyclic lactone lactam is hereby described. The syntheses utilized dicarboxylation reaction of bicyclic lacton lactam, followed by ether hydrolysis of the bicyclic ether and oxidation reaction of the primary alcohol. The synthetic strategy disclosed here allows further the enantioselective synthesis of a variety of unnatural amino acids based on -proline structure.
An Evaluation Framework of Trust Aware Recommender System
Authors: Masrom S. , Khairuddin N. , Abdul Rahman A. , Azizan A. , S.A. Rahman A.
Published: March 2021

To date, there exists a variety of prediction approaches have been used in recommender systems. Among the widely known approaches are Content Based Filtering (CBF) and Collaborative Filtering (CF). Based on literatures, CF with users rating element has been widely used but the approach faced two common problems namely cold start and sparsity. As an alternative, Trust Aware Recommender Systems (TARS) for the CF based users rating has been introduced.  The research progress on TARS improvement is found to be rapidly progressing but lacking in the algorithm evaluation has been started to appear. Many researchers that introduced their new TARS approach provides different evaluation of users’ views for the TARS performances. As a result, the performances of different TARS from different publications are not comparable and difficult to be analyzed. Therefore, this paper is written with objective to provide common group of the users’ views based on trusted users in TARS. Then, this paper demonstrates a comparison study between different TARS techniques with the identified common groups by means of the accuracy error, rating and users coverage. The results therefore provide a relative comparison between different TARS.
Assisting Students’ Understanding of Memory Location Concept through Visualization
Authors: Afiani Mohtar Itaza , Ahmad Normah , Nor Hashimah Megat Abdul Rahman Puteri , Wahijan Bohari
Published: March 2021

Learning programming for the first time is very difficult to many students. This difficulty negatively influences the students’ interest in learning programming thus poses a challenge to the lecturers to maintain students’ active involvement in learning. Students find it difficult to grasp the abstract concept of memory location, thus affects their understanding in writing programs. A memory location simulation program (MeLSim) is proposed to assist students with a realistic and visual experience of the abstract memory location concept. The objectives of this research are to develop a memory location simulation program and to determine students' understanding of the memory location concept after using the simulation. The students were given a pre-test and then required to use MeLSim for two weeks. They were then given a post-test. It was found that, there is significant difference on median total scores before and after using MeLSim. From the results, it can be concluded that students’ using MeLSim improved their test scores. This research provides evidence that visualization can assist students in achieving better understanding of the lessons taught which in turn positively influence their test results.
Fast Algorithm for Selective Image Segmentation Model
Authors: K Jumaat Abdul , Chen Ke
Published: March 2021

Selective image segmentation model aims to separate a specific object from its surroundings. To solve the model, the common practice to deal with its non-differentiable term is to approximate the original functional. While this approach yields to successful segmentation result, however the segmentation process can be slow. In this paper, we showed how to solve the model without approximation using Chambolle’s projection algorithm. Numerical tests show that good visual quality of segmentation is obtained in a fast-computational time.
The Effect of Spraying Boron and Seaweed Extracts (kelpak) on Vegetative Growth Characteristics and Concentration of Some Medically Active Substances for Lemon Grass (Cymbopogon Citratus L.)
Authors: Nazar Hasan Mohammed , . .
Published: March 2021

This study includes the effect of spraying boron and seaweed extracts kelpak in the vegetative growth characteristics and concentration of some medically active substances for lemongrass plant. The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replications. The Medians treatments have compared using Duncan’s test with multi limits at 5% possibility. The results arrived at can be summed up as follows. Discriminate treatment (B1K1) the highest rate of number of leaves (9.61 leave/plant) and the highest rate in plant height (134.14 cm), compared with comparison transaction ( B0K0 ) it gave the lowest rate for the number of  leaves  and  less  height  of  the plants. While the  treatment  giving  overlap (B2K2) the  highest  moral value  Percentage  of  dry matter for total vegetative  (24.00)  and the  highest  rate  of  percentage of dry matter for total root (33.00) and  the  highest  rate  of  leaves area  (168.08 cm2/leave) and the  highest  total chlorophyll concentration (35.18 SPAD) Compared with the  least in comparison transaction ( B0K0 ) that  gave less rate in percentage of dry matter for total vegetative and root and the  less total chlorophyll concentration. Influenced treatment (B1K1) in the concentrations of the activeA substances to give it the highest concentrations of  Myrcene (3.47 mg/gm) and Citral (28.01 mg/gm) and Limonene (42.72 mg/gm) and Geraniol (38.42 mg/gm) compared  to the  rest of the  other transactions, while the lower concentrations of these in the treatment comparison ( B0K0).
Design of Box Culvert in Iraqi Highways Considering Catchment Areas
Authors: Adil Jasim Nidaa , . .
Published: March 2021

In Iraq, the infrastructures are developing rapidly, so it is necessary to consider the hydrology of the developed catchment before constructing any drainage facilities such as culvert to prevent traffic disruption during rain. In this study, sizing of box culvert for highways in Iraq is proposed using rational method for determination of peak runoff from small catchment (less than 3 km2). Rainfall depth was used to derive the intensity duration frequency curve, and then the rainfall intensity was found. However, soil conservation service curve number (SCS-CN) was used in the estimation of peak runoff from catchment with size ranging from 3 to less than 30 km2 using the soil classification and the curve number.  HY-8 computer software was used for sizing square and circular sections. Circular sections were also calculated. The appropriate sizes for square sections in large basins are 3 m to 4 m and 2 m to 2.9 m for more than 114 m3/s and 32 m3/s respectively, but for circular sections, diameters were 4.1m, from 3 m to 3.8 m and from 2.5 m to 2.9 m under flow rates more than 160 m3/s, 68 m3/s and 25 m3/s respectively. However, for small basins, square sections sizes were 3m to 3.1m and 2 m to 2.7 m for flow rates more than 23 m3/s and 8 m3/s  respectively. Diameters for circular sections were 3 m to 3.2 m and 2 m to 2.9 m under flow rates 23 m3/ s and 8 m3/s respectively.
GIS Based Spatial Modeling to Mapping and Estimation Relative Risk of Different Diseases Using Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) Interpolation Algorithm and Evidential Belief Function (EBF) (Case study: Minor Part of Kirkuk City, Iraq)
Authors: Mahmood Ajaj Qayssar , Aidi Shareef Muntadher , Davut Hassan Nihad , Falih Hasan Sumaya , Noori Abbas Mohammed
Published: March 2021

The health of the individual is one of the most important indicators of good living and quality of life for the community. Therefore, the contribution of developing of public health sector management and monitoring of diseases related to the cultural, economic, and social progress of any society. Moreover, the diseases occur from spatial factors where the distribution and concentration differ in diverse positions. Hence, GIS can be used as a decision support system in order to help the mangers, assess and monitoring of various types of diseases. Thus, this research aims to define a spatial distribution, prediction of risks and analysis of disease hazard areas in Kirkuk city, north east of Iraq using two models evidential belief function (EBF) and Inverse distance weighting (IDW). IDW determines the correlation between conditioning factors and disease occurrence. Consequently, EBF can be used to assess the effect of each class of conditioning factors on diseases occurrence. The result shows that Al-Wasity quarter reports the highest range of the patients who have the blood diseases (D89-D50) in 2017. Contrary, the northern parts of the city and some quarters in the center of the city (Tessen, Bagdad road, Al-Mansor) reflect the lowest range of the patients in blood diseases. Eye diseases (H59-H00) and its accessories have the same spatial distribution. The result also demonstrated that the GIS based spatial techniques is provided a prospect to simplify and measure the epidemic state of different diseases within specific areas(minor part of Kirkuk city), and lay a base to pursue future surveys into the environmental factors responsible for the augmented disease threat.
Combustion and gasification characteristics of low-temperature pyrolytic semi-coke prepared through atmosphere rich in CH4 and H2
Authors: She Yuan , Zou Chong , Liu Shiwei , Wu Keng , Wu Hao , Ma Hongzhou , Shi Ruimeng
Published: March 2021

Thermoanalysis was used in this research to produce a comparative study on the combustion and gasification characteristics of semi-coke prepared under pyrolytic atmospheres rich in CH4 and H2 at different proportions. Distinctions of different semi-coke in terms of carbon chemical structure, functional groups, and micropore structure were examined. The results indicated that adding some reducing gases during pyrolysis could inhibit semi-coke reactivity, the inhibitory effect of the composite gas of H2 and CH4 was the most observable, and the effect of H2 was higher than that of CH4; moreover, increasing the proportion of reducing gas increased its inhibitory effect. X-ray diffractometer and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer results indicated that adding reducing gases in the atmosphere elevated the disordering degree of carbon microcrystalline structures, boosted the removal of hydroxyl- and oxygen-containing functional groups, decreased the unsaturated side chains, and improved condensation degree of macromolecular networks. The nitrogen adsorption experiment revealed that the types of pore structure of semi-coke are mainly micropore and mesopore, and the influence of pyrolytic atmosphere on micropores was not of strong regularity but could inhibit mesopore development. Aromatic lamellar stack height of semi-coke, specific surface area of mesopore, and pore volume had a favorable linear correlation with semi-coke reactivity indexes.
The upper central series of the maximal normal 𝑝-subgroup of a group of automorphisms
Authors: Aviño Maria Alicia , Schultz Phill , Zyman Marcos
Published: March 2021

Let 𝐺 be a bounded abelian 𝑝-group, with automorphism group

Aut
⁡

(
G
)

\operatorname{Aut}(G)

.
Whenever 𝐺 satisfies certain conditions, we determine the upper central series and nilpotency class of the maximal normal 𝑝-subgroup of

Aut
⁡

(
G
)

\operatorname{Aut}(G)

.
Patienten aus Nord- und Subsahara-Afrika im baden-württembergischen Maßregelvollzug
Authors: Bergmann Josefine , Fontao María Isabel , Bulla Jan , Ross Thomas
Published: March 2021

Patienten mit nordafrikanischem und subsaharischem Migrationshintergrund sind im Vergleich zu ihrem Anteil an der Allgemeinbevölkerung im baden-württembergischen Maßregelvollzug überrepräsentiert. Internationale Studien legen nahe, dass Migranten mit sichtbarem Minderheitenstatus und von der Bevölkerungsmehrheit abweichender Ethnizität ein höheres Risiko haben, an psychotischen Störungen zu erkranken. Zu den psychosozialen Erklärungsansätzen gehören soziale Benachteiligung und geringe ethnische Dichte. In der vorliegenden Studie wurden nach Paragraph 63 StGB untergebrachte Patienten aus Nord- und Subsahara-Afrika (N = 71) untersucht, um Anhaltspunkte für die Erklärung der hohen Zuweisungsraten zu finden. Zwei Vergleichsgruppen aus westeuropäischen (N = 73) und kasachischen (N = 32) Patienten wurden ausgewählt. Die afrikanischen Patienten hatten signifikant weniger abgeschlossene Berufsausbildungen und waren zum Zeitpunkt der Straftat häufiger obdachlos. Außerdem war der Anteil der F20.0 Diagnosen signifikant höher (87 %). In Bezug auf die psychiatrische und kriminologische Vorgeschichte, Alter bei Erstdelinquenz und Abhängigkeitsstörungen wurden keine Unterschiede gefunden. Diskutiert wird die Rolle migrationsbedingter sozialer Benachteiligung für die hohen Psychose-Raten in einigen Migrantengruppen. Ferner werden potenzielle Wege für Gewaltdelinquenz betrachtet. Die Relevanz kultursensibler Prävention und Intervention wird in Anbetracht der steigenden Zahlen von Migranten aus den untersuchten Regionen betont.
Digital Marketing Opportunities and Paradoxes of Communications
Authors:   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Pererva Petrо , Kobieliev Valerii ,   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute», Dolyna Iryna ,   National Technical University «Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute»
Published: March 2021

he emergence of digital networks in human society, in marketing activities is a vital need of society to share information. Opportunities for digital marketing, digital technologies allow companies not only to meet the needs of their customers, but also to attract them to their business, while the customer receives income. The article highlights the main trends in the work of enterprises in the formation of customer experience: the consumer becomes an accomplice, co-creator of the business process; creation of cloud services opens new opportunities; the system of marketing communications allows to personalize offers to clients taking into account their interests and previous purchases. It is proved that digital transformations in marketing are characterized by some paradoxical manifestations. Among them: a large consumer base is not the basis for the right strategy; digital marketing does not reduce the time to buy; advertising not only promotes the product, but also harms it and tends to decorate the subject of advertising; anti-advertising can become advertising, etc. Keywords: digital transformations, marketing, advertising, paradox, trend, consumers, strategy, industrial enterprises
Creación de un plan para aumentar los índices de adopción digital en los canales de una institución financiera
Authors: De La Ossa Paternina Carlos David
Published: March 2021

Hay una tendencia mundial en digitalización de servicios, el sector financiero es de los que está sufriendo mayores transformaciones. El afloramiento de las Fintech ha venido aportando de gran manera a la evolución hacia las soluciones en el celular. Es imprescindible que se adopte este camino para garantizar la permanencia en el mercado en unos años. Acorde a lo anterior, el Banco Amigo en Colombia ha emprendido un proyecto ambicioso de transformación digital, invirtiendo en el desarrollo de la banca móvil para potencializar su oferta e ir acorde a los requerimientos de la población, que busca tener a la mano una solución fácil, sencilla y confiable de los servicios financieros. Los canales digitales representan una gran oportunidad en la industria financiera, sus costos son realmente muy bajos comparados con las oficinas físicas, adicionalmente permiten operaciones y trámites al instante para que los clientes eviten desplazamientos, papeleos y tiempos en fila o frente a un asesor; por tal razón la banca móvil se convierte en una necesidad y no en una elección. Todo el impulso en diseño e integración de las ofertas en las Apps del Banco no ha logrado la adopción digital esperada entre los usuarios, se ha evidenciado que el 60 % de sus clientes activos ingresan a los canales digitales (Banco Amigo, 2019). Para que los esfuerzos e inversiones del Banco Amigo destinados a la transformación digital no sean despreciados, este trabajo ofrece una solución que impulsa la adopción de los desarrollos y cambios tecnológicos implementados. En primera instancia, se realiza una investigación a través de encuestas y de un modelo analítico para identificar las barreras y limitaciones de los clientes que no hacen uso de los canales digitales. Con la información recolectada, la segunda parte se enfoca en la creación de estrategias en pro de acompañar a los clientes en la adopción de la forma en que ellos lo esperan. Con la solución al problema de adopción del Banco propuesta en el presente, se logra aumentar el porcentaje de usuarios que ingresan y hacen sus transacciones en los canales digitales. Con el plan construído, los clientes tendrán comunicaciones específicas y contundentes basadas en lo que quieren y necesitan acorde a los resultados de las encuestas y modelo análitico. Como consecuencia de cumplir con las metas de adopción de los canales digitales,  se disminuye el manejo del efectivo y se tiene todo el conocimiento transaccional de los clientes para monitorear sus operaciones y prevenir de manera proactiva los fraudes, incrementando la seguridad del Banco y por consiguiente mejorando la satisfacción de los usuarios. Adicionalmente, se contribuye a solucionar una problemática social de nuestro país, reducir el lavado de activos y evasión de impuestos. De igual forma, en las solicitudes de productos y transacciones digitales no se exigen papeles, lo cual repercute en la tendencia mundial de preservar el medio ambiente.
Binary surrogate endpoints in clinical trials from the perspective of case definitions
Authors: Hahn Andreas , Podbielski Andreas , Heimesaat Markus M. , Frickmann Hagen , Warnke Philipp
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Surrogate endpoints are widely used in clinical trials, especially in situations where the endpoint of interest is not directly observable or to avoid long trial periods. A typical example for this case is frequently found in clinical trials in oncology, where overall survival (OS) as endpoint of interest and progression free survival (PFS) as surrogate endpoint are discriminated.

Methods

Based on the perspective of case definitions on surrogate endpoints, we provide a formal definition of such endpoints followed by a description of the structure of surrogate endpoints.

Results

Surrogate endpoints can be considered as case definitions for the endpoint of interest. Therefore, the performance of surrogate endpoints can be described using the classical terminology of diagnostic tests including sensitivity and specificity. Since such endpoints always focus on sensitivity with necessarily reduced specificity, efficacy estimates based on such endpoints are in general biased.

Conclusion

The abovementioned has to be taken into account while interpreting the results of clinical trials and should not be ignored while planning or conducting a study.
Социологи читают историков, историки читают социологов
Authors: Веселкова Наталья Вадимовна
Published: March 2021

В том, как историки и социологи читают друг друга и используют прочитанное, можно выделить несколько устойчивых вариантов – от претендующей на фундаментальную интеграцию исторической социологии до использования историками социологических теорий и эмпирических данных. Наряду с обогащением концептуального и эмпирического аппарата и другими полезными эффектами подобные пересечения сопряжены и с определенными проблемами. Предложенная (микро)типология взаимопересечений историков и социологов служит контекстом для размышлений над книгой историка Алексея Килина «Частная торговля и кредит на Урале в годы НЭПа: экономические, политические и социальные аспекты». Основополагающее и глубоко фундированное авторское высказывание о НЭПе как модели управления построено на основе теории моделирования; обращение к теории социального конструирования реальности выглядит не столь убедительно, но подталкивает к осмыслению эпохи НЭП в соответствующем ключе.
A randomized open labeled clinical study to compare the effectiveness of Kabasura kudineer and Vitamin-C Zinc supplementation in the management of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 patients. v1
Authors: Chandrasekaran Anbarasi
Published: March 2021

A randomized open labeled clinical study to compare the effectiveness of Kabasura kudineer and Vitamin-C Zinc supplementation in the management of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 patients.
Diagnostic significance of assessing peripheral natural killer cells in women with recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Gotsiridze K. E. , Kintraya N. P.
Published: March 2021

Aim: to assess peripheral blood NK cell (pNK) counts in women with recurrent pregnancy loss.Materials and Methods. There were examined 102 women: 28 non-pregnant (immediately after repeatedly terminated pregnancy, group IA) and 34 pregnant women with history of previous recurrent pregnancy loss (group IB). Control and comparison groups were consisted of healthy women lacking any recorded miscarriage: 20 non-pregnant (group IIA) and 20 pregnant women (group IIB), respectively. Along with assessing complete blood count range, all subjects were analyzed percentage of pNK cell CD16bright(+) CD56dim(-) cytotoxic phenotype by using fluorescence microscopy as well as level of cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) using ELISA.Results. It was found that the level of NK cell cytotoxic phenotype - percentage of CD16+CD56- was elevated in both groups: groups: group IA - 36.5 % collared with the control group IIA - 27.5% (р < 0.05); in group IB up to 37.0 %, in comparison group IIB - 27.4% (р < 0.01). It was further corroborated by increased level of serum cytokine IL-6 IL-6 comprising in group IA vs. IIA - 28.5 pg/ml vs. 14.2 pg/ml (р < 0.01) as well as in group IB vs. IIB up to 16.7 pg/ml vs. 12.2 pg/ml (р < 0.01), respectively. However, level of serum IL-2 and IL-10 did not significantly differ in all groups examined. Interestingly, level of VEGF in subjects aged 21-30 years was elevated: in non-pregnant (group IA) vs. control (group IIA) - up to 548.5 pg/ml vs. 310.8 pg/ml (р < 0.01); pregnant women (IB) vs. comparison group (IIB) - insignificantly elevated up to 476.1 pg/ml vs. 381.5 pg/ml, respectively. In contrast, no significant changes were observed in 31-40-year group. Concentration of IFN-γ in group IA vs. control group (IIA) was increased up to 9.2 pg/ml vs.8.64 pg/ml; group IB vs. comparison group - up to 8.36 pg/ml vs. 7.56 pg/ml, respectively.Conclusion. Elevated percentage of cytotoxic CD16+CD56- NK cells in peripheral blood results in imbalance of immune-related parameters that directly correlated with increased serum level of IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α that may alter maternal immune tolerance to the fetus and subsequently resulting in recurrent pregnancy loss. Hence, the aforementioned data may be used as diagnostic and prognostic criteria in recurrent pregnancy losses.
Growth and Results Forage Hymenachne amplexicaulis (Rudge) Nees in Former Coal Mining Land
Authors: Syafria Hardi , Jamarun Novirman
Published: March 2021

Background: Cow urine contains a growth stimulating substance IAA (Indole Acetic Acid) and is a compound from the auxin group. IAA has a good effect on plant growth. Arbucular mycorrhizal fungi have an important role for plants to overcome Al poisoning in marginal soils. Many of the marginal lands in Jambi Province are former coal mining areas. The role of AMF will be better if organic matter is added as a source of nutrition. Therefore, a study was conducted on the effect of a combination of biourine treatment with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and yield of forage in former coal mining areas. Methods: The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with six treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of: (A) biourine 0% + AMF 0 g / clump (control), (B) biourine 0% + AMF 20 g / clump, (C) biourine 30% + AMF 0 g / clump, (D) biourine 30% + AMF 20 g / clump, (E) biourine 45% + AMF 0 g / clump, (F) biourine 45% + AMF 20 g / clump. The variables observed were leaf width, number of leaves, plant length, number of tillers and yield of dry forage. Result: The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect (P less than 0.05) on leaf width, number of leaves, plant length, number of tillers and yield of forage dry matter. The conclusion in this study is that E treatment (biourine 45% + AMF 20 g / clump) is the best.
Medicinal VOCs in Plants Recommended for Prairie Strips and Pollinator Gardens as Prophylactic and Curative Support for Pollinating Insects: A Review
Authors: Schweitzer Linda
Published: March 2021

Plant VOCs are signaling compounds that attract pollinators, protect plants from stress, disease and predation, have allelopathic effects and play a role in plant growth and development. The purpose of this review was to evaluate pollinator plants for secondary metabolite VOCs such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes for their potential medicinal value to pollinating insects. To address disease pathogens impacting native pollinators and honeybees, plants with medicinal VOCs can be selected for prairie strips and pollinator gardens as agricultural best management practices. Eight flowering plants - bee balm, echinacea, catmint, prairie rose, lavender, thyme, oregano and red clover contain VOCs in their nectars and pollens such as caryophyllene, myrcene, germacrene, cymene, thymol, cineol, carvacrol, borneol, nonanal, linalool and terpineol that offer antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant benefits and some are acaricides that may aid in controlling the Varroa destructor mite (=jacobsoni).
Conversion of Metabolomic Data to Genomic Marker for Genetic Characterization of Piper betle L. Chemotypes: A Review
Authors: Mondal Bidisha
Published: March 2021

The Indian perfumery industry is shifting towards natural product. In India including West Bengal betel leaves produces high quality essential oil as well contribute to Indian fresh vegetable export. The crop is cultivated from stem cutting and suffers from authenticity problem of cultivars with redundant names. The genetic screening and characterization of cultivars were not initiated due to unavailability of reliable markers. The essential oil metabolomic study identified some polar and non-polar volatile signature compounds. Metabolomic profiling of cultivars is not consistent due to seasonal variation in the production of secondary metabolites and ignorance in marking of unique trace discriminatory compounds. In this paper gene ontogeny study was made on major signature compounds to obtain the complete coding sequence (CDS) of the aroma-genes. The CDS information of aroma-genes could be utilized to construct robust DNA markers to eradicate authentication problem and germplasm management of Piper. The direct genomic analysis could supersede the metabolome profiling. Information available in NCBI, DDBJ and EMBL database were searched for gene ontogeny study utilizing available metabolomic data. The information and method depicted could be efficiently utilized for Piper genomics. Aroma-scientists could apply this technique to validate promising cultivars and competent germplasm management.
Evaluation of Diagnostic, Prognostic Indicators and Surgical Outcome in 20 Cases Treated for Equine Intestinal Colic
Authors: Khosa J.S. , Anand Arun , Sangwan V. , Mahajan S.K. , Mohindroo J. , Singh S.S.
Published: March 2021

Background: Colic is one of the most common and challenging problem encountered by equine practitioners. In practise majority of horses suffering from colic can be treated with medical management but around 10% of horses with colic require surgical intervention in an effort to save the life of animal. In India, equine abdominal surgery is not popular because there is lack of infrastructure, manpower and expertise therefore, there is a need to conduct clinical studies to document outcome of equine colic cases managed surgically. The present report describes diagnostic, prognostic indicators and post-operative outcome of exploratory celiotomy performed to manage various cases of colic surgical outcome of colic surgery in Indian horse breeds. Methods: The present study was conducted on 20 horses having intestinal colic (n=20). The affected patients were selected for exploratory celiotomy on an emergency basis having moderate to severe persistent abdominal pain, lack of response to medicinal treatment with absence of intestinal borborygmi. Preoperative physical assessment, biochemical analysis and peritoneal fluid analysis were done in all the clinical cases. The preoperative physical assessment and various blood parameter estimation helped in decision making. Conclusion: The result of intestinal colic cases showed that mean heart rate and respiration rate (mean±SE) were significantly higher in non-survivors as compared to survivors. Blood lactate level was significantly higher in non survivors than survivors. Large colon affectation (n=8) were the primary cause of the colic, followed by small colon (n=6), cecum (n=3) and small intestine (n=3). Postoperative complications were peritonitis and ileus (n=6), subcutaneous seroma (n=7), pyrexia (n=4), diarrhoea (n=6). Short term survivability in intestinal colic patients was 55% and long term survivability was 50%.
Variability and Association Studies for Yield and Yield Related Traits in Pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.]
Authors: Sharma Pankaj , Singh Inderjit , Khosla Gaurav , Singh Gurjeet , Singh Satinder , Dhaliwal Sandeep Kaur , Singh Sarvjeet
Published: March 2021

Background: Study of phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) and genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) reveals the extent of phenotypic and genotypic variability in given population, respectively. Correlation and path analysis helps in identifying suitable selection criteria for improving the crop yield. Methods: Plant material comprised of 68 genotypes belongs to early maturity group of pigeonpea and experiment conducted during Kharif 2015-16 in randomized complete block design with two replications. Result: Traits, seed yield per plant (GCV=51.56%, h2=97.13%, GAM=104.67%) and number of pods per plant (GCV= 49.01%, h2=99.07%, GAM=100.49%) had high values of genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), heritability (h2) and genetic advance as % of the mean (GAM) which indicated their additive genetic control. Plant height and number of seeds per pod recorded moderate to low heritability coupled with low GAM, indicating non-additive genetic control for these characters. Correlation analysis has revealed significant and positive association of seed yield per plant with number of pods per plant, plant height, secondary branches per plant, 100-seed weight and primary branches per plant. Path coefficient analysis identified number of pods per plant, secondary branches per plant and 100-seed weight as major traits affecting seed yield per plant directly and indirectly. The number of pods per plant and 100-seed weight should be given greater emphasis for improvement of seed yield in pigeonpea.
UMA ANÁLISE QUANTITATIVA DO MERCADO FORMAL E INFORMAL NO NORTE BRASILEIRO: OS CASOS DO TOCANTINS E DO AMAPÁ
Authors: Freiesleben Mariane , Pizzio da Silva Alex
Published: March 2021

Nos anos de 2012 a 2019 o mercado de trabalho formal e informal passou por várias transformações, nas Leis e na forma de realizar a abordagem pelos organismos responsáveis por esses dados (IBGE). Neste cenário, faz-se necessário realizar um panorama deste segmento. Este artigo abordará o mercado de trabalho brasileiro, com o intuito de encontrar essas transformações do mercado de trabalho brasileiro no tocante a formalidade e informalidade. Para tanto, serão estimadas as probabilidades dos indivíduos brasileiros nas condições do trabalhador (empregado no setor privado, trabalhador doméstico sem carteira de trabalho assinada, empregador sem CNPJ, conta própria sem CNPJ, trabalhador familiar auxiliar) utilizando os dados da PNAD trimestral, divulgados pelo IBGE, referentes aos anos de 2012 a 2019, destacando os estados do Tocantins e Amapá. Metodologicamente realizou-se uma revisão da literatura relacionada às transformações implementadas no mercado de trabalho neste período, e calculou-se um indicador para a estimativa da variação relativa ou redução percentual deste período no Brasil. Os principais resultados mostram que entre 2012 a 2019 aumentou o número de trabalhadores no mercado informal brasileiro. Além do mais, encontrou-se que a Lei do livre mercado implementada no ano de 2019 acentuou o mercado informal.
Arteriovenous Malformation of the Vein of Galen: A Case Report
Authors: Kutashov Vyacheslav , Ulyanova Olga , Protasov Igor , Zolotaryov Oleg , Ananyeva Elena , Dudina Anna , Uvarova Margarita
Published: March 2021

The article presents literature data and the authors’ observations of the course of the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation in a one-day-old newborn infant. This clinical case is of practical interest since the vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation is a rare congenital anomaly of cerebral vessels. The results of arteriovenous malformation treatment in recent years have improved considerably, but many diagnostic and curative aspects in children require the development of new approaches to addressing this problem.