bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Skin-core Delamination on the Interlaminar Stress Distribution in Sandwich Composites
Authors: Shukla Avnish Kumar , Kumar Ashutosh , Singh Hukam , Shukla Rakesh Kumar
Published: March 2023

Sandwich honeycomb panels are used in wing-fuselage fairings, rudder and elevator surfaces, and the leading and trailing edge of wing panels etc.It consists of thin facesheetswith high stiffness and a thick corewith high shear strength, between them. It is advantageous due to high strength to weight ratio.Interlaminar stresses are developed due to mismatch of elastic moduli and fibre orientation angle between the layers, which causes delamination. The possibility of delamination growth is more when even a small delamination is present in the sandwich panel. In this study, the effect of delamination between core and facesheet on interlaminar stresses is analysed. Ansys 14.0 software is used to perform the finite element analysis.A uniformtransverse load is applied on the top facesheet. The interlaminar stresses along the circumference of selected concentric rings, around the delamination are observed. The variation in interlaminar stresses, along three concentric rings, due to the presence of delamination of different sizes are presented.
Impact of Clearance Contact on the Performance of Hydrodynamic Journal Bearing System
Authors: Bitta1 Harpreet Singh , Pal Gobind , Awasthi R. K. , Minhas Manjeet Singh
Published: March 2023

The paper presents the analytical study of the impact of clearance contact on hydrodynamic journal bearing system’s static performance. The governing model of hydrodynamic lubrication i.e. the non-dimensional Reynolds equation is solved with using Garlerkin’s FEM approach along with appropriate boundary conditions. A cavitation zone, which is unknown priori is established using Reynolds boundary condition through iteratively. A clearance parameter is described and its influence on fluid-film pressure and static performance parameters of hydrodynamic journal bearing is studied for a commonly used range of sommerfeld number. The static performance parameters include maximum pressure, load carrying capacity, attitude angle, and coefficient of fluid-film friction etc. The results of the study are useful to the bearing designer from the view point of static performance parameters as the effect of sommerfeld number has been used for commonly used clearance parameter.
Comparative Analysis of Biodiesel as a Additive with Pure Diesel in Single Cylinder Four Stroke Diesel Engine Processes
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Singh Hukam , Shukla Avnish Kumar , Mishra Pawan
Published: March 2023

At present, the demand of energy resources is increasing while their stocks are decreasing with high rate. Bio-diesel is an energy source which is renewable and would help in controlling the demand and supply of fuel but also in the reduction of pollution. Bio-diesel is simple to use and easy to transport. Different ratios of bio-diesel and diesel were mixed to prepare blends which showed viscosity, heat content, density, efficiency closer to diesel. The performance of various blends was tested on four stroke single cylinder compression ignition engine. Testing showed that partial substitution of diesel by bio-diesel can result in increase performance of engine. The results conclude that bio-diesel would be a better alternative to diesel in coming days.In this investigation we were planed to investigate fuel consumption, power in different loading condition, break specific fuel consumption, break mean effective pressure from bio-diesel (Blend of 5% Growdiesel + HSD, 2% Growdiesel + HSD,1% Growdiesel +HSD, .5% Growdiesel +HSD) with HSD. Planed to take 10 hr trials in cache combination and comparison of data and valuable findings related cost. The results that the performance of high percentage blends and pure bio-diesel doesn’t fit the engine due to their viscosity and low thermal efficiency.
Forecasting of Power System Blackouts
Authors: Gautam Sushil Kumar , Garg Ishta , Choudhury U. K. , Gupta Shivam
Published: March 2023

Increasing electrical energy demand, modern Lifestyles and energy usage patterns have made the world fully dependant on power systems. This instigated mandatory requirements for the operators to maintain high reliability and stability of the power system grid. However, the power system is a highly nonlinear system, which changes its operations continuously. Therefore, it is very challenging and uneconomical to make the system be stable for all disturbances. Blackouts of electric power often result in huge economic losses to power grid enter prices and society. To indicate the losses of accidents, this paper introduces the concept of the accident cost of distribution network failure, analyzes the various factors affecting it . In this paper we use power simulator to forecasting for power system black out. Simulation performed on 9 bus system.
Surface Integrity, Surface Finish and Corrosion Characteristics of Stainless Steels in Saline Water Medium
Authors: Chaudhari Abhimanyu , Srivastava Ankur , Roy Tushar K. , Chakrabarti Ajit K.
Published: March 2023

The surface roughness of austenitic (304), martensitic (410) and ferritic (430) grades of stainless steels have been measured after fine emery paper grinding. The surface integrity of the ground samples were further examined in SEM. Metal removal during emery paper grinding occurred by rubbing, ploughing, micro cracking and gouging out of metal grains. The rate of corrosion/year, as determined through potentiostat test in 0.9 N NaCl solution, increased with surface roughness but it was insignificant in case of the metallographically polished samples of all the stainless steels. Corrosion progressed fast from the grinding pits on the stainless steel sample surfaces.
Hashtag investor – Perception Analysis with Relation to Geographical Location in Twitter
Authors: Kolambage Samitha , Tillekeratne Hasath , Chathuranga Niroshan , Devendra Hasanthi
Published: March 2023

Hashtag investor is a system that can analyze twitter data to generate useful information including some predictions. Machine learning techniques have been used for this research which falls into data mining to archive sentiment analysis to categorize and identify tweets based on the contents. Twitter has an enormous collection of data. If these data is converted into some useful information, accurate decisions can be made using this data. That is our main objective, which can be very helpful to users, and this system works with respect to four specific objectives. One objective is sentimental analysis of twitter data and finding false tweets. Supervised learning has been used and NLTK and also the naïve Bayes classifier has been used as techniques. The output will be display percentage wise, negative positive and neutral percentages of the given keyword. Twitter data is analyzed according to the given keyword. False tweets identification is done by analyzing user profile. If the user profile criteria does not match with our assumptions this profile is marked as a fake profile. Second objective is comparing two similar products and getting the popularity according to the time. The output is displayed by charts. Similar keywords will be grouped. Clustering algorithms has been used for grouping. Our forth objective is finding some latest ongoing events and the number of users who were active at certain time periods, ARIMA model has been used as the technique. Our final objective is to analyze retweets comments and tweets on particular two products. Output is displayed as a graph. Propagation topology is used as the technique for retweet analysis and exponential regression function is used for popularity prediction.
CFD Analysis on Different Shapes of Winglet at Low Subsonic Flow
Authors: Ahluwalia Shivam Kapil , Negi Vaibhav , Anand Nayan , Goyal Varun
Published: March 2023

This paper focuses on aerodynamic characteristic ofaircraft wing with and without winglet at low subsonic flow.NACA 653-218 profile was applied on four models including elliptical, semicircular and straight winglet. CFD analysis was performed to compare the lift to drag ratio in these models. Spallart Allmarus turbulence model and 3D unstructured tetrahedral mesh was used to compute the flow around the winglet prototype. It was found that elliptical winglet gave maximum lift to drag ratio.
Touchscreen and SMS Based Door Locking System
Authors: Yadav Vaishnavi , Madaan Vani , Chugh Amitanshu , Rakheja Pankaj
Published: March 2023

This project is a prototype of “Touchscreen and Sms based security door locking system” which is accessed by a Touch screen module. The touch Screen module is further interfaced with a microcontroller unit where the password is inputted and compared with the original password stored in its EPROM and will give further instructions accordingly. The design consists of three main functional modules, namely; the Touch screen module, the Micro-controller and the GSM module. The Touch screen module acts as an input device used to access the door via a password or pattern locking system .The Micro-controller unit does all the comparison of the inputted password and accordingly give further instructions. The GSM module works as a transmitting unit, used to send intrusion messages to the user mobile device at the receiving end.
Biomimicry for Innovative Air-Conditioning
Authors: F. Paul Gregory , P. Durkesh Karthik , C. Gokul , M. Vignesh
Published: March 2023

The intendment of Air Conditioning lies not just only in removing the heat from a confined space so as to produce a state of thermal comfort, but also must focus on Energy Efficient processes, parroting the similar state of Thermal Comfort. Biomimicry is an emerging field of science that imitates nature and applies such process for scientific technologies. In Biomimicry for airconditioning systems, the requirement for energy efficient processes lies in creating a domain of thermal comfort by a process that would eliminate the necessity for an energy consuming process. Also such bionic inspired systems must be reliable and must not cause further disadvantages. In such a scenario, this work focuses on three main bio-inspirations; A Termite Mound inspired convection currents, Blood Flow in Penguins inspired counter flow heat exchanger system and the behavior of an insect Brown Dog Tick that secretes an interesting hydrophilic chemical that could be used for dehumidification. Various happenings in the three biological processes have been discussed and the feasibility of such processes to be implemented in technological behavior has been discussed.
Study for Reduction of Pollution Level in Diesel Engines, Petrol Engines and Generator Sets by Bio Signal Ring
Authors: Singh S. K. , Jain Surbhi , Ahuja Tejasvini , Sharma Yukti
Published: March 2023

Air pollution has become a growing problem in megacities and large urban areas throughout the globe, and transportation is recognized as the major source of air pollution in many cities, especially in developing countries. Contribution of automobiles is reported in the range of 40 to 80% of the total air pollution. The challenge facing megacities is how to reduce the adverse environmental impacts and other negative effects of transportation without giving up the benefits of mobility. This research paper includes the testing of biosignal ring developed by Wellan International Limited for reduction of pollution levels in petrol and diesel vehicles and generator sets. The ring when attached to the inlet of the fuel pipe acts on the fuel through biosignals. The biosignals help in atomization of the fuel and reduces the pollutants by further enhancing the combustion process, and thus reducing the unburnt pollutant particles from the exhaust. The ring was tested on diesel engines, petrol engines and generator sets. For diesel engine and generator set, reduction in smoke was measured, while in the petrol engine parameters such as CO, CO2, SOx and NOx were measured before and after attaching the ring. The percentage reduction of the pollutants obtained from the ring for the diesel engine is about 16.4%, and in petrol engine, significant reduction in the pollutants is observed.The average reduction in the opacity of the diesel generator set exhaust was 54.7%. Therefore, it is evident that the device can effectively control the issue of rising air pollution levels in residential, commercial as well as industrial zones.
Comparative Performance Evaluation of Vapor Compression Refrigeration System for Drop-in Replacement of R22
Authors: Jain Vaibhav , Gupta Dhruva , Gupta Himank , Sondhi Anirudh
Published: March 2023

Present work reports a detailed theoretical and experimental performance analysis of vapor compression refrigeration system (VCRS) using alternative refrigerants to find out the substitute of R22. First, a theoretical investigation is done using R134a, R410A R407C, R438A as the potential drop-in refrigerants for the same setup and compressor displacement volume using a thermodynamic model developed in Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software. The results of this analysis indicate that R438A is a better substitute to R22. Then a similar analysis is done to compare the performance of R22 and R438A for the same cooling capacity and input conditions but different setup and compressor displacement volume. The results indicate that R22 results in a better efficiency. In the end, experimental comparison of R22 and R438A is done on the same experimental set up designed for R22 and the results of first theoretical analysis are verified.
Modelling and Optimization of Process Parameters affecting machining involved in Electric Discharge Machining by GA-ANN
Authors: Ahmad Shadab , . Praveen , . Prateek , Kalyani Prateek
Published: March 2023

Electric Discharge Machining process is one of the earliest and most extensively used unconventional machining process. It is a non-contact machining process that uses a series of electric discharges to remove material from an electrically conductive workpieces. The EDM process parameter are pulse on time, duty factor, peak current, peak voltage, flushing pressure. This study is aimed to do a comprehensive study of the EDM, develop a model that can predict the machining characteristic and then optimize the output parameters. Artificial Neural Network processes the information by transferring the data between its basic building block i.e. Artificial Neuron. Genetic algorithm is a metaheuristic technique used to find the best fit and approximate solutions to optimization and search problems. In this project we proposed a GA-ANN hybrid model. Also comparison is studied the experimental values and ANN predicted values. GA-ANN model concludes that the error calculated in experimental values V/S ANN-GA predicted values is very less compared to experimental values V/S ANN predicted values
Design, Fabrication and Analysis of Indirect type Solar dryer for food preservation
Authors: Singh Harpuneet , Singh Harpreet , Mahajan Rajat , Singh Gurpreet
Published: March 2023

This Article presents the design, construction and performance of an indirect type solar dryer for food preservation. In the dryer, the heated air from a separate solar collector is passed through a grain bed, and at the same time, the drying cabinet absorbs solar energy directly through the transparent walls and roof. The results obtained during the test period revealed that the temperatures inside the dryer and solar collector were much higher than the ambient temperature during most hours of the day-light. The temperature rise inside the drying cabinet was up to 74% for about three hours immediately after 12.00h (noon). The dryer exhibited sufficient ability to dry food items reasonably rapidly to a safe moisture level and simultaneously it ensures a superior quality of the dried product.
Performance of Different Full Adder Structures for Optimized Design
Authors: Rajasekhar K. , Sandhya B. , Srinivas G. , Manogna N.
Published: March 2023

Design of high performance and energy efficient digital systems are one of the most important research areas in VLSI system design which is suitable for real-time applications. One of the functional elements used in complex arithmetic circuits is an adder. To design an energy efficient adder one-bit full adder cell is designed based on adiabatic logic. The proposed ALFA cell is designed using adiabatic logic which results with the negligible amount of exchange of energy with the surrounding environment. Therefore, the application circuits based on this logic will have negligible energy loss due to heat dissipation. It requires 24 transistors to get the true and complimentary arithmetic sum and carry output. The proposed adiabatic logic based full adder (ALFA) cell processes the three single bit inputs and provides the output as sum, carry, sum bar and carry bar in a single architecture. The proposed ALFA cell reduces the power consumption by 98.49%, 90.93%, and 89.37%, respectively, when compared to CMOS full adder, 14T pass-transistor logic (PTL) with transmission gate (TG) full adder and 16T PTL with TG full adder.
Thermodynamic Functions of 1, 2, 3- tri-meth-oxy-benzene and m-methyl-meth-oxy benzene
Authors: Varshney Sanjeev , Kumar Dharmendra , Sharma S. D. , Sharma Aditya
Published: March 2023

The statistical computation of an ideal gas state thermodynamic functions namely enthalpy, entropy, free energy, heat capacity of 1,2,3 – Trimethoxy benzene, m-methyl methoxybenzene have been performed. These calculations have been made at a pressure of 1 atmosphere in the temperature range 100°K to 1500°K under rigid rotor harmonic oscillator approximation for 1 mole of perfect gas and on the basis of vibrational frequencies obtained from FTIR and Raman spectra and also with the help of moment of inertia.
Design and Development of an Intelligent Ground Vehicle for constrained environments
Authors: . Abhishek , Singh Gurkirat , Raj Harsh , Tanwar Hrithik
Published: March 2023

The Intelligent Ground Vehicle Competition (IGVC) is one of three, unmanned systems, student competitions that were founded by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International in the 1990s. The IGVC challenges engineering student teams to develop, test, and compete with their intelligent vehicles, focusing on a series of autonomous mobility objectives pertaining to advanced control theory, machine vision, vehicular electronics, and mobile platform fundamentals to design and build an unmanned system. The IGVC offers a design experience that is at the very cutting edge of engineering education. Autonomous robots are becoming prevalent in many aspects of modern society and the IGVC, while being in a controlled environment, provides a great example of how self-navigating vehicles could be used, such as going into areas that may pose risk to human life. Our goal is to design and construct a ground vehicle with autonomous capabilities. LIDAR, camera (computer vision), IMU sensor, and GPS enable the vehicle to function autonomously. The vehicle is capable of detecting and following lanes, avoiding obstacles, and tracking GPS coordinates. The entire system is run on the ROS (Robot Operating System), with sensors and actuators acting as nodes that interact with one another.
Designing and Analyses of Leaf Spring Suspension System Using Creo Parametric 2.0
Authors: Chauhan Mohit , Avinash Kusumanchi Sai , Mall Sudeep , Karthik Karna Sai Ganesh
Published: March 2023

This paper presents various aspects of Leaf Spring suspension system,its Analysis and Design. A suspension system isolates the vehicle from wheel and road vibration and absorbs most of the shock. In this paper a design as well as analysis has been done of aLeaf spring suspension system. For the research, designing has been done in Creo Parametric 2.0 software. Different design parameters have been reviewed and optimization of the major parameters is shown as given by research that affects suspension over Creo Parametric 2.0 Software. At last, the results have been displayed with various graphs.
An Experimental Investigation to Cool Exemplar Lithium-ion Cell using Oscillating Heat Pipe using Blends of Methanol- Diethyl Ethe
Authors: Drolial Kartik , Bhandarkar S L , Arshad Mohammad , Pal Amit
Published: March 2023

Today's world has made electric vehicles an imminent need for the hour. Energy performance means that in contrast with internal combustion engine powered vehicles electric vehicles are more energy-efficient. Lithium-ion batteries have been constantly growing in their energy density (gravity energy density) and the cell price per kWh has fallen. Batteries with lithium molecule are seen as appealing to vehicles. Its temperature control system plays an extremely important role in its longevity and performance. Numerous studies of the oscillating heat pipe (OHP) have been performed in order to sustain battery cells under the perfect temperature variation by utilizing various boundaries such as filling proportions, working liquids, pipe diameter, and material of the heat pipe. This work explores the reduction in the operating temperature of such batteries by means of the OHP and the use of methanol- diethylether blends as working material in various mixing ratio(MR) proportions (1:0.25, 1:0.75 and 1:1) to obtain the best performance. The results were also compared with only methanol as working fluid.
Measuring the Unsaturated Permeability Coefficient of Rock and Soil Masses with Self-developed Devices
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhang Teng , Guo Hongyu , Peng Keyun
Published: March 2023

To further study the unsaturated permeability coefficient of rock and soil masses, a model device for field testing the unsaturated permeability coefficient of rock and soil masses was developed, and a mathematical expression for field testing the unsaturated permeability coefficient was derived. By comparing and verifying with the test results, the results showed that the unsaturated permeability coefficient obtained from the field test of the device was very close to the existing test results and had a high accuracy. The device established in this paper can accurate determine the unsaturated permeability coefficient of rock and soil masses in the field, which has certain application value in engineering practice.
Parametric Analysis of Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Authors: Mishra Subhash , Varshney Sanjeev , Singh Anil P. , Barnwal Pradeep
Published: March 2023

The present work investigated the effect of mass flow rate, hot and cold fluid temperature on total heat transfer and effectiveness for shell and tube heat exchanger. In addition, the effect of Reynolds number and type of fluid on heat transfer coefficient and effectiveness was studied. Increasing Reynolds number by 500 from 7000, 8% increasing in heat transfer coefficient has been observed. While 7% increase in Reynolds number, effectiveness has been increases by 5%. Nusselt number change shows higher effect on effectiveness for shell side as compared to tube side. A MATLAB program has been formulated to calculate the result by changing different parameters. During experimental observation, the rate of heat transfer is 143.74 kW and effectiveness of shell and tube heat exchanger is 0.50. The optimum heat transfer through shell and tube heat exchanger had been achieved at 0.0084 m2 surface area of tube and 27 number of tube.
Effect of Bacillus Sphaericus Bacteria on the Calcined Clay Incorporated Cement Concrete
Authors: Singh Prashant Kumar , Srivastava Sharad Chandra
Published: March 2023

The partial substitution of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) with Supplementary Cementitious Materials is the most efficient way to reduce CO2 emissions in the worldwide cement production business (SCMs). Calcined clay can be considered one of the successful CO2 emission reduction techniques to achieve this. Calcined clay is used as an SCM in this study to replace cement to varied degrees in the pro-portions of 10%, 15%, and 20%. The self-healing capabilities of concrete are also investigated using calcined clay and Bacillus Sphaericus bacteria with a bacterial population of 108 cells/ml. Samples were evaluated for water absorption and compressive strength at 7, 14, and 28 days, respectively. When bacteria-embedded concrete is used in place of some calcined clay, the compressive strength of the concrete is raised by 21 percent, 24 percent, and 25 percent at 28 days. The bacteria in the calcined clay reduce the concrete's porosity and boost its compressive strength as a result, making concrete building more efficient and cost-effective.
Green Cloud Computing: A Futuristic Approach
Authors: Gupta Chitvan , Laxmaiah M.
Published: March 2023

By providing numerous services through the internet and utilizing a variety of resources, cloud computing is a solution to diverse computational difficulties. Problems with energy use and carbon emissions are constant in the IT sector. Datacenters are an essential component of cloud computing. Because of this, there is a growing desire to open more and more datacenters. The greater power consumption at data centres raises the costs on an economic and environmental level. Additionally, the greenhouse effect and carbon footprint have increased due to the increasing release of CO2 and other gases. These are the forces driving the development of green computing. This paper provides a quick insight to cloud computing, associated pertinent research, and several strategies for using green computing. To ensure that the current energy resources are used for our future generations as well as to preserve the environmental balance by reducing carbon emissions, measurement, modelling, and prediction of the energy consumed by various organizations are required. In this work, various research concerns about the application of green computing are elaborated, along with potential answers.
India’s Microscale Companies: An Assessment of Post-liberalization Effectiveness
Authors: Verma Toran
Published: March 2023

In many countries around the world, small enterprises are the driving force behind economic expansion. ‘ New millennium national growth, particularly in India, has been greatly aided by it. Because of their ability to create jobs, foster entrepreneurship, utilize local resources, and strengthen the industrial backbone of the economy, they are a popular choice with politicians and the general public. More than five decades of industrial growth in India have been attributed to the small-scale sector, particularly through (SSIs), which have been regarded as essential to the country’s economic well-being. The Indian SSI sector has made a significant contribution to GDP growth in terms of job creation, foreign exchange profits, and the proportion of industrial output and contribution to national income. The central and state governments of India provide a wide range of advantages and incentives to their citizens. Additionally, the incentives not only motivate entrepreneurs in the SSI sector to create enterprises, but they also contribute to the economy’s entrepreneurial foundation. New entrepreneurs face numerous difficulties as a result of a lack of adequate support services and infrastructure.
Low Power Reduction Techniques Implementation and Analysis in Sense Amplifier Circuit Configurations
Authors: Tiwari Nitendra kumar
Published: March 2023

MTCMOS (Multi-Threshold CMOS), sleepy stack, sleepy keeper, and footer stack are examples of low power saving techniques incorporated into the core gpdk 90nm technology papers used in the proposed study using Cadence. The main focus of these tests is the power consumption of various sense amplifier circuits. The simulation results show that the charge-transfer sense amplifier uses much less energy than voltage and current sense amplifiers. The present mode detecting amplifier’s power consumption can be decreased by up to 98 percent by using MTCMOS technology.
Mechanical Analysis of Waste Leaf Sheath Date Palm Fibres for Composite Reinforcement
Authors: Mishra Ankush , Singh Pankaj Kumar
Published: March 2023

Leaf sheath date palm fibres, which are now regarded as agricultural waste, will be the subject of a multi-scale investigation proposed in this paper. To begin, two distinct kinds of bundles were discovered via the use of optical and electronic microscopy. Bundles exhibited a low degree of crystallinity, but lignin concentration of roughly 17 percent gave them highly cohesive structure and outstanding thermal stability, as well as unique behaviour in dynamic vapour sorption, according to XRD and biochemical studies. However, when tensile tests were performed on bundles, it was revealed that the stiffness and strength of the cell walls were inadequate, but the elongation was substantial when using Atomic Force Microscopy in mechanical mode. Force Microscopy Using Atoms As a result of these discoveries, trash may be employed as a composite reinforcement for increased acoustics and high energy absorption at a cheap cost.
Proposed Model in IoT Security Layer for Ethical Security Management
Authors: Pandey Neeraj Kumar
Published: March 2023

With the number of similar applications and concepts being used these days the threats of cyber-attacks are also high, where completely different attacks and threats can result in serious problems to the whole system of the network, hence making the concepts of security system to be extremely important. The present analysis helps in discussing the management of security in IoT networks discussing it in five sections. We tend to 1st illustrate the background and conception behind the idea of IoT. After which the needs for safety for IoT are mentioned. In the next section, the projected design may be wont to return up with safety management has been elaborated. Then we tend to implement web protocol security because of the Network Cryptography system security. An example of however handily this projected design may be wont to return with proper management of safety for the IoT network was also explained intimately.
Role of Brand Position in Indian Automobile Industries
Authors: Katiyar Sudhir Kumar , Srivastava Ashish Kumar
Published: March 2023

The riches of the vehicle industry is inextricably related to the entire health of the economy, rather just replaceable profits and customer confidence. There were no automobile manufacturers in India 80 years ago, hence there was no Indian automobile market. There were a few imported autos in India. Following independence, the government began efforts to develop a vehicle industry. At first, India’s automobile industry advanced at a snail’s pace. The situation now, however, is very different. Our country’s car market is extremely diverse. With 11 autos per thousand people and 32 two-wheelers per thousand people, India today has one of the lowest vehicular solidities in the world. This is quite low in contrast to other similar economies. The globalisation of the car industry is hastening the formation of new alliances and the entry of new manufacturers. In the automobile industry, not just in terms of sourcing whole vehicles and components, but also in terms of markets, modernization has never been more rapid. As a result, the cast of players in the global automobile business continues to expand.
To Investigate the Weld Bead Hardness at Various Current through TIG Welding
Authors: Tiwari Dharmendra Kumar , Verma Rajendra Prasad
Published: March 2023

In the industrial industry, TIG welding is the most frequent method of putting metals together. The electrode is held at a 10°–15° angle to the vertical by the welder while he initiates the weld by striking an arc and creating a puddle. By moving the electrode and arc in tandem, the welder "pushes" the molten metal forward and toward weld. welder strength of a building is determined by the quality of its weld beads. The weld's mechanical qualities are mostly enhanced by the weld's quality. The writers of this article explain how to weld with high weld bead quality by using the proper welding parameters. In this research, it has been proven that the hardness of welded joints improves with the increase in welding current up to 110 A for 6 mm thick plates, and afterwards declines with the rise in welding current. Splash and damage to the workpiece could occur when the current is raised to an excessively high level. Because the workpiece is so thin, high current might cause the material gap to grow. This practise may result in an increased weld affected area and a longer time to deposit the same amount of filler material, as well as damage from high heat. Inverted microscopic analysis of the weld zone was performed in order to assess the effect of the welding parameters on the weld quality. As part of the TIG weld bead quality improvement process, dye penetration testing is performed.
Formação de professores e reformas no ensino superior: uma perspectiva de direitos humanos
Authors: Torres Ángel Carmelo Prince
Published: March 2023

Neste artigo de revisão, o autor refletiu sobre a incidência da formação de professores universitários nos processos de reforma do ensino superior em um contexto geral, levando em conta a perspectiva dos direitos fundamentais. Para tanto, estabeleceu-se como objetivo geral compreender o papel da formação docente em direitos humanos dentro das reformas educacionais no ensino superior. Para atingir o objetivo, praticou-se uma metodologia de trabalho com desenho documental e abordagem qualitativa. No trabalho realizado foram desenvolvidos conteúdos referentes às universidades como instituições de promoção dos direitos humanos, a importância da formação dos educadores e a relevância das reformas em resposta aos direitos fundamentais. Concluiu-se que os professores devem se atualizar dentro das mudanças educacionais, para que atendam às mutações em resposta às necessidades sociais e aos próprios direitos humanos.
Artificial Intelligence Applications Featuring Ease and Safety Factors at the Two Holy Mosques
Authors:   Master of Information Systems, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia, Barnawi Nada , Aksoy Mehmet ,   Professor of Electronic and Systems Engineering, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia (Supervisor)
Published: March 2023

To ensure that millions of Muslim visitors from around the world receive high-quality services, leadership, and the latest administrative practices at the Grand Mosque, the Presidency of the Two Holy Mosques is committed to providing the best services, leadership, and administrative practices. In addition, reducing physical effort and enhancing smart technology will improve visitors' daily services to keep up with Vision 2030 and the presidency's strategic plan for 2024. Artificial Intelligence (AI) represents the biggest project applied by the presidency to keep pace with vision, where the presidency provided several applications based on AI to enhance ease and safety factors for pilgrims and worshipers at the Two Holy Mosques. This research, entitled "Artificial intelligence applications featuring ease and safety factors at the Two Holy Mosques" is important in highlighting the aspects of Saudi Arabia's interest in artificial intelligence in the Two Holy Mosques to achieve safety and ease and to achieve global competition in this side. To achieve these aspects, the descriptive and analytical approach was used. I dealt with it through the following demands: presenting some literary reviews and presenting some applications that contribute to safety and ease. And I concluded the most important results: achieving artificial intelligence innovations in the Two Holy Mosques for security and ease and demonstrating aspects of diversity in these applications.
Determinants of Natural Gas Consumption in Europe: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: S.A. Adebanjo , P. Sibeate , I.D. Oladapo , M.A. Olugbode , E. Ehinmilorin
Published: March 2023

Natural gas consumption is a significant issue in European countries due to the Russia-Ukraine war crisis. Natural gas is very important both for household and commercial purposes. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between natural gas consumption and its determinants. Panel data collected from Eurostat and World Bank publications, consisting of five European countries spanning from 2009 to 2022, were used for this study. Panel data analysis, like the panel unit root test, shows that the panel data variables are integrated into order 1. This indicates that the estimators are sufficient since the variables in the panel are stationary. Johansen Fisher's panel cointegration test shows that there is a long-run association between natural gas consumption and its determinants. The Hausman test specified a panel random effect regression model to run the analysis of this paper, and the model indicates that there is a significant relationship between natural gas consumption and its determinants. The Panel regression model further reveals natural gas prices have a negative significant impact on natural gas consumption, which suggests that the consumption of natural gas reduces with an increase in its price. This is the current situation in European countries now following the effect of the Russian-Ukraine war. Besides, correlation analysis was applied and shows a negative and significant relationship between natural gas consumption and natural gas demand. Following the outcome of this research paper, it will be very important for the United Nations and the European Union to swiftly apply a drastic and lasting solution approach to the current Russian-Ukraine war in order to prevent further untold damages that the war could cause to the economy of European Countries.
Reconstruction of flexor pollicis longus tendon with palmaris longus interposition graft: results in 14 patients
Authors: Peters Tine , Caekebeke Pieter , Duerinckx Joris
Published: March 2023

The flexor pollicis longus tendon is prone to attritive rupture and retraction. Direct repair is often not possible. Interposition grafting is a treatment option to restore tendon continuity, although the surgical technique and postoperative results have not been well defined. We report our experience with this procedure. 14 patients were prospectively followed for a minimum of 10 months after surgery. There was one postoperative failure of the tendon reconstruction. Postoperative strength was comparable to the contralateral side, but thumb range of motion was significantly reduced. In general, patients reported excellent postoperative hand function. This procedure seems a viable treatment option with lower donor site morbidity than tendon transfer surgery.
Evaluation of the effect of intra-articular platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid injections on femoral cartilage thickness in chronic knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Küçükakkaş Okan , Aydin Teoman , Yurdakul Ozan Volkan
Published: March 2023

Femoral cartilage thickness may be an important objective parameter in detecting the progression of knee osteoarthritis(KOA). In this study, we aimed to examine the possible effects of intra-articular Hyaluronic Acid(HA) and platelet-rich plasma(PRP) injections on femoral cartilage thickness and to investigate their possible superiority over each other in KOA. A total of 40 KOA patients were included in the study and randomized to the HA and PRP groups. Pain complaints, stiffness, and functional status were evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale(VAS) and Western Ontario and Mc Master Universities Osteoarthritis(WOMAC) indices. Ultrasonography was used for measuring the femoral cartilage thickness. At the 6th month measurements, significant improvements were observed in VAS-rest, VAS-movement, and WOMAC scores in both HA and PRP groups compared to the measurements performed before the treatment. No significant difference was observed between the effects of the two treatment methods. There were significant changes in the medial, lateral and mean cartilage thicknesses on the symptomatic knee side in the HA group. The most important finding of this prospective randomized study, in which we compared the effects of PRP and HA injections on KOA, was the increase in knee femoral cartilage thickness in the HA injection group. This effect started in the 1st month and continued until the 6th month. No similar effect was detected with PRP injection. In addition to this basic result, both treatment approaches had significant positive effects on pain, stiffness, and function and no superiority was observed over each other.
Does the choice of the optic portal influence the radiographic and early functional results in acute acromioclavicular disjunctions?
Authors: Peras Matthieu , Caubere Alexandre , Amar Sarah , De Villeneuve Bargemon Jean-Baptiste , Choufani Camille , Barbier Olivier
Published: March 2023

Exposure of the coracoid process during arthroscopic stabilization of acute acromioclavicular disjunctions (ACDs) can be achieved either by passing an extra- articular optical portal through the subacromial space or by an intra-articular optical route through the glenohumeral joint with opening of the rotator interval. The objective of our study was to compare the impact on the functional results of these two optical routes. This was a retrospective, multicentre study that included patients operated on for an acute acromioclavicular disjunction arthroscopically. The treatment consisted of surgical stabilization under arthroscopy. The surgical indication was retained for an acromioclavicular disjunction of grade 3, 4 or 5, according to the Rockwood classification. Group 1, which consisted of 10 patients, was operated on with an extra-articular subacromial optical route, and group 2, which consisted of 12 patients, was operated on with an intra-articular optical route with opening of the rotator interval according to the habits of the surgeon. A follow-up of 3 months was performed. The functional results were evaluated for each patient using the Constant score, Quick DASH, and SSV. The delays in returning to professional and sports activities were also noted. A precise postoperative radiological analysis made it possible to analyse the quality of the radiological reduction. No significant difference between the two groups was found between the Constant score (88 vs. 90; p = 0.56), Quick DASH (7 vs. 7; p = 0.58), or SSV (88 vs. 93; p = 0.36). The times to return to work (6.8 weeks vs. 7.0 weeks; p = 0.54) and sports activities (15.6 weeks vs. 19.5 weeks; p = 0.53) were also comparable. The quality of the radiological reduction was satisfactory in the two groups and did not depend on the approach. No clinically or radiologically significant differences between the extra-articular and intra-articular optical portals in the surgical treatment of acute ACDs were found. The optical route can be chosen according to the habits of the surgeon.
Comparison of waterproof versus cotton cast liners on cast index in pediatric forearm fractures
Authors: Nolte Michael , Luchetti Timothy , Bohl Daniel , Kogan Monica
Published: March 2023

Achieving an adequate cast mold is critical for successful nonoperative management of pediatric forearm fractures. A high cast index (>0.8) is as- sociated with an increased risk of loss of reduction and failure of conservative management. Waterproof cast liners offer improved patient satisfaction compared to conventional cotton liners, however they may carry different mechanical properties compared to traditional cotton liners. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the cast index differs between waterproof and traditional cotton cast liners when used to stabilize pediatric forearm fractures. We retrospectively reviewed all forearm fractures casted in a pediatric orthopedic surgeon’s clinic between December 2009 and January 2017. Either a waterproof or cotton cast liner was utilized according to parent and patient preferences. The cast index was determined on follow-up radiographs and compared between groups. Overall, 127 fractures met the criteria for this study. Twenty-five fractures had waterproof liners and 102 fractures had cotton liners placed. Waterproof liner casts showed a significantly higher cast index (0.832 vs 0.777; p=0.001), with a significantly higher proportion of casts with index greater than 0.8 (64.0% vs 35.3%; p=0.009). The use of waterproof cast liners is associated with a higher cast index compared to traditional cotton cast liners. Although waterproof liners may be associated with higher patient satisfaction scores, providers should be aware of this difference in mechanical properties and may consider altering their casting technique accordingly.
The clinical application of individualized three-dimensional printing guiding template for assisting scaphoid fracture fixation through dorsal approach
Authors: Lin Feng , Li Shaofei , Sun Kaiqiang , Jiang Lihao , Shi Jiangang
Published: March 2023

The purpose is to introduce a novel scaphoid screw placement surgery based on a novel three-dimensional (3D) printing guiding template through dorsal approach, and to evaluate the clinical feasibility and accuracy. The diagnose of scaphoid fracture was confirmed by Computed Tomography (CT) scanning, and subsequently the CT scanning data was input into a three-dimension imaging system(Hongsong software, China). An individualized 3D skin surface template with a guiding hole was printed. We put the template to the correct position on patient’s wrist. Fluoroscopy was used to confirm the accurate position after drilling of Kirschner wire according to the prefabricated holes of template. Finally, the hollow screw was inserted through the wire. The operations were performed successfully without incision and complications. The operation time was below 20 minutes and the blood loss was below 1ml. The intraoperative fluoroscopy demonstrated good position of the screws. Postoperative imaging showed that the screws were considered to be placed perpendicularly to the fracture plane in the scaphoid. Three months after the operation, the patients acquired good recovery of the motor function of their hands. This present study suggested that the computer-assisted 3D printing guiding template is effective, reliable, and minimally invasive for the treatment of type B scaphoid fracture through dorsal approach.
The role of physical activity as conservative treatment for massive rotator cuff tears in elderly patients: a systematic review
Authors: Diaz Balzani Lorenzo Alirio , Papalia Rocco , Alifano Anna Maria , Albo Erika , Papalia Giuseppe Francesco , Ciuffreda Mauro , De Andreis Chiara , Fossati Chiara , Denaro Vincenzo
Published: March 2023

The aim of this systematic review is to determine the effectiveness on functional and pain outcomes of different exercise protocols as a conservative treatment for massive, irreparable rotator cuff tears in elderly patients. A literature search was carried out consulting Pubmed -Medline, Cochrane central and Scopus to select randomized clinical trials, prospective and retrospective cohort studies or case series, that evaluated functional and pain outcomes after physical therapy in patients aged 65 or over, affected by massive rotator cuff tears. The present systematic review followed the Cochrane methodology for systematic reviews and the reporting was implemented using through the PRISMA guidelines. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and MINOR score were used for methodologic assessment. Nine articles were included. Data concerning physical activity, functional outcomes and pain assessment were obtained from the included studies. The exercise protocols assessed within the included studies were extremely wide with equally different methods of evaluation of the outcomes. However, most of the studies demonstrated a trend of improvement after the treatment, in terms of functional scores, pain, ROM and quality of life. An intermediate methodological quality of the included papers was assessed through the risk of bias evaluation. Our results showed a positive trend in patients who underwent physical exercise therapy. Our conclusion is that further studies of a high level of evidence are needed to achieve consistent evidence to improve clinical practice in the future.