bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physical activity prescription by Canadian Emergency Medicine Physicians
Authors: Soegtrop Robert , Douglas-Vail Matt , Bechamp Taylor , Columbus Melanie , Wood Kevin , Van Aarsen Kristine , Sedran Robert
Published: March 2018

An increase in physical activity has been shown to improve outcomes in many diseases. An estimated 600 000 Canadians receive their primary health care from emergency departments (ED). This study aims to examine physical activity prescription by emergency medicine physicians (EPs) to determine factors that influence decisions to prescribe physical activity. A survey was distributed to EPs via email using the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians (CAEP) survey distribution protocol. Responses from 20% (n = 332) of emergency physician/residents in Canada were analyzed. Of the EPs, 62.7% often/always counsel patients about preventative medicine (smoking, diet, and alcohol). Only 12.7% (42) often/always prescribe physical activity. The CCFP-trained physicians (College of Family Physicians Canada) were significantly more likely to feel comfortable than CCFP-EM–trained physicians (Family Physicians with Enhanced Skills in Emergency Medicine) prescribing physical activity (p = 0.0001). Both were significantly more likely than the FRCPC-trained EPs (Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of Canada). Of the EPs, 73.4% (244) believe the ED environment does not allow adequate time for physical activity prescription. Family medicine-trained EPs are more likely to prescribe physical activity; the training they receive may better educate them compared with FRCPC-trained emergency medicine. Further education is required to standardize an approach to ED physical activity prescription.
Modulation of motoneurone excitability during rhythmic motor outputs
Authors: Power Kevin E. , Lockyer Evan J. , Forman Davis A. , Button Duane C.
Published: March 2018

In quadrupeds, special circuity located within the spinal cord, referred to as central pattern generators (CPGs), is capable of producing complex patterns of activity such as locomotion in the absence of descending input. During these motor outputs, the electrical properties of spinal motoneurones are modulated such that the motoneurone is more easily activated. Indirect evidence suggests that like quadrupeds, humans also have spinally located CPGs capable of producing locomotor outputs, albeit descending input is considered to be of greater importance. Whether motoneurone properties are reconfigured in a similar manner to those of quadrupeds is unclear. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current state of knowledge regarding the modulation of motoneurone excitability during CPG-mediated motor outputs using animal models. This will be followed by more recent work initially aimed at understanding changes in motoneurone excitability during CPG-mediated motor outputs in humans, which quickly expanded to also include supraspinal excitability.
Overwinter thermal habitat use in lakes by anadromous Arctic char
Authors: Mulder Ingeborg M. , Morris Corey J. , Dempson J. Brian , Fleming Ian A. , Power Michael
Published: March 2018

Anadromous Arctic char (Salvelinus alpinus) migrate back to fresh water in late summer to spawn and (or) overwinter. Upon freshwater entry, feeding is reduced or absent, and movement activity is restricted. While the physiological responses to low temperatures (e.g., growth, metabolism) are understood, specifics of the use of thermal habitat for overwintering remains poorly characterized. This study used acoustic and archival telemetry data from two lakes in southern Labrador, Canada, to study thermal habitat use during the ice-covered period. Results showed that lake-dwelling anadromous Arctic char predominantly occupied a narrow range of temperatures (0.5–2 °C) and used cooler temperatures available within the middle and upper water column. Use of the selected temperatures is likely a strategy that lowers metabolic costs and minimizes energy expenditure, preserving stored lipids for overwinter survival and the energetic costs of preparation for seaward migration. As Arctic char are visual feeders, use of the upper water column is also thought to aid foraging efficiency by increasing the likelihood of prey capture.
Structure, variation, and systematic implications of the hemipenes of liolaemid lizards (Reptilia: Liolaemidae)
Authors: Quipildor M. , Quinteros A.S. , Lobo F.
Published: March 2018

The structure of copulatory organs is widely used in systematics for both differentiating species and for studying phylogenetic relationships. We describe the hemipenes of 42 species belonging to the genus Liolaemus, representing most of their internal groups. We reported 42 characters, the majority not published previously. We constructed a metatree based on previously proposed phylogenetic studies and optimized the hemipenial characters in this topology. Among the most informative characters are presence or absence of flounces or calyces on the sulcate face, ornamentation of the apex, presence or absence of an asulcate face prominence, and presence of a thickening on the proximal region of the asulcate face. Furthermore, we performed a phylogenetic analysis exclusively with the hemipenial characters, not with the intention of making a phylogeny based on this single set of characters, but rather to demonstrate their significance for the reconstruction of relationships in Liolaemus. The obtained results show that the main clades are recovered. We also compared the hemipenial morphology between closely related species to evaluate its taxonomic importance. We conclude that in Liolaemus, the hemipenes can be used both for the differentiation of species and to provide additional evidence for establishing their phylogenetic relationships.
Experimental Investigation of Friction and Wear Properties of a Clutch Facing Made of Al-7075 with Basalt Fiber Metal Matrix Composite
Authors: Bruce Ralphin Rose J. , Vairamani G.
Published: March 2018

This paper investigates the friction and wear behavior of Al-7075 and Basalt fiber metal matrix composite for clutch facing applications by replacing the existing asbestos with Basalt fiber combination. Experiments are done to evaluate the friction and wear properties of Al-7075 and Basalt fiber metal matrix composite material under different sliding velocities and contact loads. The reinforcement percentage of Basalt fiber is varied from 0% to 10% in steps of 2.5% on the weight basis. At present, the clutch facing for the Multi Utility Vehicles (MUV) is made of asbestos as a primary content and its hazardous characteristics are taken into consideration. Initially, the clutch facing specifications of a MUV are observed through field studies and then, design calculations are performed to prepare the structural analysis using ANSYS workbench. The stress–strain characteristics of Al-7075 and Basalt fiber mixture are studied through the computational analysis before the fabrication process. Then, the specimen is fabricated by stir casting technique for the experimental investigation of friction and wear properties using pin-on-disk apparatus. The outcome of the analysis has revealed the use of Al-7075 and Basalt fiber metal matrix composite material as a replacement for the existing clutch facing applications and the results are presented with validations.
Structure Specific Flood Risk Based Insurance
Authors: Kunreuther Howard , Dorman John , Edelman Scott , Jones Chris , Montgomery Marilyn , Sperger John
Published: March 2018

This paper highlights the importance of developing accurate flood hazard maps to price insurance effectively and to communicate flood risk to interested parties. Risk-based insurance premiums can encourage insurance purchase and investment in cost effective mitigation measures. We undertake a study using light imaging detection and ranging (LIDAR) technology and depth damage curves to determine risk-based rates for residential structures in three counties in the state of North Carolina. We then compare these prices with current premiums charged to homeowners by the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) for 11,915 single-family residences. NFIP premiums are significantly higher than risk-based premiums for over 90 percent of the homes in each of the counties in our study. Risk-based prices are higher than NFIP premiums only in instances where buildings are predicted to suffer damage from more frequent, shallow floods that are currently not considered explicitly in NFIP premium calculations. Accurate flood maps are needed to determine cost-effective loss reduction measures and to address issues of affordability and fairness for homeowners currently living in flood-prone areas.
Scalable Path-Setup Scheme for All-Optical Dynamic Circuit Switched NoCs in Cache Coherent CMPs
Authors: Grani Paolo , Bartolini Sandro
Published: March 2018

Nanophotonics is a promising solution for on-chip interconnection due to its intrinsic low-latency and low-power features, which can be useful for performance and energy in future Chip Multi-Processors (CMPs).

This article proposes a novel arbitrated all-optical path-setup scheme for tiled CMPs adopting circuit-switched optical networks. It aims at significantly reducing path-setup latency and overall energy consumption. The proposed arbitrated scheme is able to configure multiple photonic switches simultaneously, instead of sequentially as it is done in state-of-the-art proposals. The proposed fast optical path-setup solution reduces the overhead in each transmission and, most importantly, allows optical circuit-switched networks to effectively serve cache coherence traffic, which is mainly composed of relatively small messages.

Specifically, we propose a single-arbiter scheme where the whole topology is managed by a central module (single-arbiter) that takes care of the path-setup procedures. Then, to tackle scalability, we propose a logically clustered architecture (multi-arbiter) in which an arbiter is allocated in each logical core-cluster and an ad hoc distributed reservation protocol coordinates arbiters to manage inter-cluster path reservations.

We show that our proposed single-arbiter architecture outperforms a state-of-the-art optical network with sequential path-setup (optical baseline) in the case of 8- and 16-core tiled CMP setups. However, due to serialization issues, the single-arbiter solution is not able to compete with a reference electronic baseline for bigger 32- and 64-core setups even if still performing much better than the optical baseline. Conversely, our multi-arbiter hierarchical solution allows us to improve performance up to almost 20% and 40% for 32- and 64-core setups, respectively, demonstrating a wide applicability of the proposed technique.

Energy-wise, the analyzed solutions enable significant savings compared to both the optical baseline with sequential path setup, and to the electronic counterpart. Specifically, results show more than 25% average improvement for the single-arbiter in the 8- and 16-core cases, and more than 40% and 15% savings for the multi-arbiter in the 32- and 64-core cases, respectively.
High Performance Synthetic Information Environments An integrating architecture in the age of pervasive data and computing
Authors: Barrett Christopher L. , Johnson Jeffrey , Marathe Madhav
Published: March 2018

The complexities of social and technological policy domains, such as the economy, the environment, and public health, present challenges that require a new approach to modeling and decision-making. The information required for effective policy and decision making in these complex domains is massive in scale, fine-grained in resolution, and distributed over many data sources. Thus, one of the key challenges in building systems to support policy informatics is information integration. Synthetic information environments (SIEs) present a methodological and technological solution that goes beyond the traditional approaches of systems theory, agent-based simulation, and model federation. An SIE is a multi-theory, multi-actor, multi-perspective system that supports continual data uptake, state assessment, decision analysis, and action assignment based on large-scale high-performance computing infrastructures. An SIE allows rapid course-of-action analysis to bound variances in outcomes of policy interventions, which in turn allows the short time-scale planning required in response to emergencies such as epidemic outbreaks.
Competitive Packet Routing with Priority Lists
Authors: Harks Tobias , Peis Britta , Schmand Daniel , Tauer Bjoern , Koch Laura Vargas
Published: March 2018

In competitive packet routing games, the packets are routed selfishly through a network and scheduling policies at edges determine which packets are forwarded first if there is not enough capacity on an edge to forward all packets at once. We analyze the impact of
priority lists
on the worst-case quality of pure Nash equilibria. A priority list is an ordered list of players that may or may not depend on the edge. Whenever the number of packets entering an edge exceeds the inflow capacity, packets are processed in list order. We derive several new bounds on the price of anarchy and stability for global and local priority policies. We also consider the question of the complexity of computing an optimal priority list. It turns out that even for very restricted cases, i.e., for routing on a tree, the computation of an optimal priority list is APX-hard.
Tumor-Derived TGFβ Alters the Ability of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Respond to Innate Immune Signaling
Authors: Terra Mariana , Oberkampf Marine , Fayolle Catherine , Rosenbaum Pierre , Guillerey Camille , Dadaglio Gilles , Leclerc Claude
Published: March 2018

A growing number of observations has suggested that plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) play a critical role in tumor biology. In patients, infiltration of tumors by pDCs generally correlates with a poor prognosis, suggesting that pDCs may play an important role in the host–tumor relationship. Here, we analyze the influence of pDCs in solid tumor development using two different tumor models: TC-1 and B16-OVA. Phenotypic and functional gene profiling analysis of tumor-associated pDCs showed that the tumor microenvironment affected their activation status and ability to produce cytokines and chemokines. In addition, tumor cells secreted factors that inhibit the ability of pDCs to produce type I IFN. Among the various cytokines and chemokines produced by the tumor cells, we demonstrate that TGFβ is the main factor responsible for this inhibition. Using a mouse model deficient for pDCs, we also show that pDCs promote TC-1 tumor growth and that natural killer (NK) cells and regulatory T cells are involved in the protumoral effect of pDCs. Overall, our results evidence the cross-talk among pDCs, NK, and regulatory T cells in the promotion of tumor growth and their role in the development of antitumor immune responses.

Significance: These findings highlight the importance of pDCs in the cross-talk between tumor cells and the immune system. Cancer Res; 78(11); 3014–26. ©2018 AACR.
Esquerda, direita e o politicamente correto: breve estudo comparado
Authors: Feres Júnior João
Published: March 2018

A partir de uma análise de estrutura semântica do conceito de “politicamente correto” no contexto de sua criação e desenvolvimento nos Estados Unidos, comparado à breve história do conceito no Brasil, identifico os principais significados associados a ele e as principais forças políticas que dele fizeram uso. Dois momentos do debate sobre o politicamente correto em nosso país foram escolhidos para análise: o debate sobre o affair Caçadas de Pedrinho, do começo da presente década, e as páginas das redes sociais sobre o tema do politicamente correto no presente. Tento mostrar que há um forte paralelo entre o desenvolvimento do conceito nos EUA e no Brasil e que, em nosso país, há uma continuidade entre os dois momentos estudados que se assenta na definição do politicamente correto como imposição autoritária da ideologia esquerdista do PT.
"Pictórico", categoria do Seiscentos?
Authors: Chauvin Jean Pierre
Published: March 2018

Neste artigo propõe-se analisar a acepção de “Pictórico”, nos moldes como o termo foi entendido por manuais brasileiros de literatura publicados no século XX. O dado imagético não se restringe ao período chamado “Barroco”, tampouco define o movimento a que determinados autores foram atrelados. Na análise, recorre-se a manuais da Antiguidade greco-latina e da Era Moderna que defendiam a pintura e a literatura como artes análogas.
“Conclusões gerais”: a leitura da peça O que é o casamento?, de José de Alencar, no conto “Curiosidade” e na crítica de Machado de Assis
Authors: Herane Amanda Rios
Published: March 2018

Em texto publicado no Diário do Rio de Janeiro, durante março de 1866, Machado de Assis tratou de algumas peças teatrais de José de Alencar, incluindo O que é o casamento?, levada à cena em 1862. De acordo com a interpretação de Machado de Assis, Alencar responderia à pergunta contida no título da peça mostrando que não se poderiam extrair “conclusões gerais” sobre o casamento. Neste artigo, propõe-se que, no ano de 1879, Machado de Assis reelaborou essa leitura de O que é o casamento? em seu conto “Curiosidade”, recolocando-a de modo a suscitar um debate, de teor relativista, sobre a possibilidade de que a ficção oferecesse respostas para a “vida real”.
Crítica... Graciliano Ramos... Crítica...: seus romances, os críticos, suas críticas numa ciranda
Authors: Mendes Francisco Fabiano de Freitas
Published: March 2018

A fortuna crítica de Graciliano Ramos (1882-1953), tanto da época de lançamento de cada romance, nos anos 1930, quanto da segunda metade do século XX, é um conjunto complexo que denota as tensões da nova literatura brasileira após as experiências modernistas dos anos 1920, em especial o envolvimento da ficção com as questões sociais pela via do realismo crítico. O próprio autor de Memórias do Cárcere – às vezes crítico literário por convicção, noutras por circunstância financeira – produziu textos iluminadores dos textos sobre seus romances: um círculo onde se vislumbra o papel da crítica numa movimentada esquina temporal de nossa história literária.
Crítica e política em Mário de Andrade
Authors: Manfrini Bianca Ribeiro
Published: March 2018

Este artigo procura relacionar os dois aspectos centrais da obra de Mário de Andrade: o crítico e o criativo e estético. Por meio dessa relação, procuramos demonstrar como a política é, na verdade, a força capaz de unificar esses dois aspectos da obra do escritor, guiada em sua totalidade por um esforço não apenas de entendimento da cultura brasileira, mas de democratização da mesma.
O uso da contradição no discurso do historiador Gilfrancisco para reescrever a literatura sergipana
Authors: Prado Thiago Martins
Published: March 2018

O artigo mapeia os projetos de historiografia literária sergipana destacando as diferenças propostas pela escrita do crítico Gilfrancisco, que sugere o elogio ao caráter acidental da história, com o reconhecimento de sua inevitável característica contraditória, de sua condição fragmentária e de suas potenciais lacunas. Ao serem entendidos os estudos de história da literatura de Gilfrancisco como apresentações da fortuna crítica, da documentação e de demais fontes dos autores em Sergipe por meio de uma perspectiva multidirecional que não elimina a pluralidade de interpretações e as contradições manifestas, objetiva-se mostrar como o crítico problematiza noções como personalidade literária. Para isso, descrições do método de análise da historiografia literária de Gilfrancisco são realizadas neste artigo e, como resultado, discute-se como as técnicas desenvolvidas pelo crítico se articulam com as tendências atuais sobre estudos de documentação.
Lysosomal Cholesterol Hydrolysis Couples Efferocytosis to Anti-Inflammatory Oxysterol Production
Authors: Viaud Manon , Ivanov Stoyan , Vujic Nemanja , Duta-Mare Madalina , Aira Lazaro-Emilio , Barouillet Thibault , Garcia Elsa , Orange Francois , Dugail Isabelle , Hainault Isabelle , Stehlik Christian , Marchetti Sandrine , Boyer Laurent , Guinamard Rodolphe , Foufelle Fabienne , Bochem Andrea , Hovingh Kees G. , Thorp Edward B. , Gautier Emmanuel L. , Kratky Dagmar , Dasilva-Jardine Paul , Yvan-Charvet Laurent
Published: March 2018

Rationale:

Macrophages face a substantial amount of cholesterol after the ingestion of apoptotic cells, and the LIPA (lysosomal acid lipase) has a major role in hydrolyzing cholesteryl esters in the endocytic compartment.

Objective:

Here, we directly investigated the role of LIPA-mediated clearance of apoptotic cells both in vitro and in vivo.

Methods and Results:

We show that LIPA inhibition causes a defective efferocytic response because of impaired generation of 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol. Reduced synthesis of 25-hydroxycholesterol after LIPA inhibition contributed to defective mitochondria-associated membrane leading to mitochondrial oxidative stress–induced NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing) inflammasome activation and caspase-1–dependent Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1) degradation. A secondary event consisting of failure to appropriately activate liver X receptor–mediated pathways led to mitigation of cholesterol efflux and apoptotic cell clearance. In mice, LIPA inhibition caused defective clearance of apoptotic lymphocytes and stressed erythrocytes by hepatic and splenic macrophages, culminating in splenomegaly and splenic iron accumulation under hypercholesterolemia.

Conclusions:

Our findings position lysosomal cholesterol hydrolysis as a critical process that prevents metabolic inflammation by enabling efficient macrophage apoptotic cell clearance.
The edition of the Twelve Tables in Roman Statutes
Authors: Sirks Boudewijn
Published: March 2018

In Roman Statutes the Twelve Tables Law have undergone a considerable shift: a considerable part of the delicts (iniuria, arbores furtim caesae and furtum) has been moved from Table VIII to Table II. It is argued that this shift, which breaks with the accepted arrangement, is unwarranted. Further, some observations are made on the edition of several rules in the Twelve Tables.
The Employment Status of Ministers: A Judicial Retcon?
Authors: Sandberg Russell
Published: March 2018

“Retroactive continuity”, often abbreviated as “retcon”, is a term often used in literary criticism and particularly in relation to science fiction to describe the altering of a previously established historical continuity within a fictional work. To date, however, the concept has not been used in relation to law. Legal judgments often refer to history and include historical accounts of how the law has developed. Such judgments invariably include judicial interpretations of history. On occasions, they may even include a “retconned” interpretation of legal history – a “judicial retcon” – that misrepresents the past and rewrites history to fit the “story” of the law that the judge wants to give. This article explores the usefulness of a concept of a “judicial retcon” by means of a detailed case study concerning whether ministers of religion are employees.
On the Humphrey Objection to Modal Realism
Authors: De Michael
Published: March 2018

An intuitive objection to modal realism is that merely possible worlds and their inhabitants seem to be irrelevant to an analysis of modality. Kripke originally phrased the objection in terms of being concerned about one’s modal properties without being concerned about the properties one’s other-worldly counterparts have. The author assesses this objection in a variety of forms, and then provides his own formulation that does not beg the question against the modal realist. Finally, the author considers two potential answers to the objection so understood and concludes that only one of them has a chance of succeeding.
Les anglicismes de Beckett à l’ époque de la “French frenzy”
Authors: Germoni Karine
Published: March 2018

Les ébauches et pré-originales des nouvelles “L’ Expulsé” et “La Fin”, écrites en français par Beckett en 1946, alors qu’ il choisit le français comme langue d’ écriture, montrent que malgré sa possession excellente du français, échappent encore çà et là à l’ Irlandais des anglicismes, y compris au niveau des connecteurs logiques et des signes de ponctuation, la virgule “anglaise” pour l’ essentiel. Cet essai montre comment les signes de ponctuation témoignent des traces que l’ anglais laisse dans le français de Beckett dans les textes des premières années.
Le bilinguisme comme genèse du projet beckettien
Authors: Louar Nadia
Published: March 2018

Cet essai veut s’ inscrire dans la perspective d’ un ‘devenir de la critique génétique’ qui dépasserait les frontières de l’ écrit. Il propose ainsi d’ adapter les méthodes herméneutiques et objets scientifiques de cette critique pour rendre compte du processus de création à l’ origine de l’ Œuvre bilingue beckettienne. Dans ce but, il repère dans la structure de l’ écriture bilingue la trace d’ un travail mental qui permet de reconstituer une ‘genèse du commencement.’ Cette reconstitution se fonde sur une analyse génétique hétérodoxe conduite à partir de la rémanence de l’ activité créatrice.
Select, Display, and Sell
Authors: Steiner Ann
Published: March 2018

Bookshops are one of the most visible places for books in public space. No bookshop can ever offer every book available; rather it is in its selection that each bookshop is unique. Value, writes Michael Bhaskar in Curation (2016), no longer resides in access, but in curation—in selecting and arranging. The article argues that curating practices in bookshops can be mapped from four main aspects: space, selection, display, and experience. In order to understand the day-to-day practices in a bookshop, and the different form of curation that takes place, an ethnographic observation study was performed. The results in this study point to the bookshop being a place where more than books are sold: there is also selling the experience and sensation of being in a bookshop. In the borderlands of culture and commerce, bookshops are important curators of books.
Alternative Publishing Models in a Changing Cultural Landscape
Authors: Tondi Francesca
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this article is to present an outlook on current publishing models and the way they relate to each other. The first part offers an overview of the traditional trade model in its present form and looks at the main alternatives, with a particular emphasis on crowdfunding. Can examples of subscription models be found from the past? Particular attention is given to the crowdfunding publisher Unbound in order to analyse how its hybrid business model fits into the field of contemporary cultural production. The final part looks at the dynamics between traditional trade publishers, Unbound, and the wider cultural ecosystem, exploring how different models can operate beyond direct competition, benefiting from each other’s presence in the market in the common quest to keep books alive.
Tardigrada and Rotifera from moss microhabitats on a disappearing Ugandan glacier, with the description of a new species of water bear
Authors: ZAWIERUCHA KRZYSZTOF , GĄSIOREK PIOTR , BUDA JAKUB , UETAKE JUN , JANKO KAREL , FONTANETO DIEGO
Published: March 2018

Glaciers and ice sheets are a peculiar biome with characteristic abiotic and biotic components. Mountain glaciers are predicted to decrease their volume and even to melt away within a few decades. Despite the threat of a disappearing biome, the diversity and the role of microscopic animals as consumers at higher trophic levels in the glacial biome still remain largely unknown. In this study, we report data on tardigrades and rotifers found in glacial mosses on Mount Stanley, Uganda, and describe a new tardigrade species. Adropion afroglacialis sp. nov. differs from the most similar species by having granulation on the cuticle, absence of cuticular bars under the claws, and a different macroplacoid length sequence. We also provide a morphological diagnosis for another unknown tardigrade species of the genus Hypsibius. The rotifers belonged to the families Philodinidae and Habrotrochidae. In addition, we discuss the diversity of microinvertebrates and potential role of tardigrades and rotifers on mountain glaciers as top consumers. As for any organism living apparently exclusively in glacial habitats on tropical glaciers, their extinction in the near future is inevitable, possibly before we can even discover their existence.
Eudraces barclayi sp. nov., with some notes on the genus Eudraces Marshall (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Entiminae: Myorhinini)
Authors: BOROVEC ROMAN , NAKLÁDAL OTO
Published: March 2018

Eudraces barclayi sp. n. is described from South Africa, illustrated and compared with other species of the genus. Echinocnemodes Voss, 1962 is proposed as a new junior synonym of Eudraces Marshall, 1926. Holcolaccus sparsus (Voss, 1959) is proposed as a new combination from Eudraces Marshall, 1926. Eudraces zumpti Voss, 1959 is a new junior synonym of Eremnus angustirostris Marshall, 1937. A lectotype is designated for Eudraces flavirostris Marshall, 1926. A key to the known Eudraces species is given.
In search of lost memory: Preservation and ruination in the works of Jorge Semprún
Authors: Herman Greg
Published: March 2018

This article explores Jorge Semprún’s wish, first expressed in 1963, to see Buchenwald consumed by nature. It contextualises this desire first in relation to Semprún’s wider corpus and the distinction that he draws between being on either the ‘inside’ or the ‘outside’ of the traumatic experience, and second in relation to Charlotte Delbo’s articulation of the difference between ‘looking’ and ‘seeing’. Through this exploration, this article demonstrates the evolution of Semprún’s thought and argues that both his original desire and the eventual contrary stance that he adopts, are equally symptomatic of his humanist beliefs, his commitment to the preservation and transference of memory and his desire for an ethical and empathetic approach to the site of trauma, the politics of remembrance and the ruins of memory.
Aminopeptidase N/CD13 as a potential therapeutic target in malignant pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Otsuki Takahiko , Nakashima Taku , Hamada Hironobu , Takayama Yusuke , Akita Shin , Masuda Takeshi , Horimasu Yasushi , Miyamoto Shintaro , Iwamoto Hiroshi , Fujitaka Kazunori , Miyata Yoshihiro , Miyake Masayuki , Kohno Nobuoki , Okada Morihito , Hattori Noboru
Published: March 2018

Angiogenesis is a crucial factor in the progression of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and antiangiogenic strategies might be effective against MPM. Aminopeptidase N (APN)/CD13 promotes tumour angiogenesis and is associated with poor prognosis; however, its clinical significance in MPM remains unclear.

In 37 consecutive patients with surgically resected MPM, we evaluated the association between immunohistochemical APN/CD13 expression in resected tumours and survival. Additionally, the antitumour and antiangiogenic effects of MT95-4, a fully humanised anti-APN/CD13 monoclonal antibody, were evaluated in mice orthotopically implanted with EHMES-10 (abundantly expressing APN/CD13) and MSTO-211H (scarcely expressing APN/CD13) MPM cells.

High tumour APN/CD13 expression was associated with poor prognosis in MPM patients (p=0.04), and MT95-4 treatment reduced tumour growth and angiogenesis in mice harbouring EHMES-10 but not MSTO-211H cells. Furthermore, in mice harbouring EHMES-10 cells, MT95-4 combined with cisplatin more effectively suppressed tumour progression than cisplatin alone.

Taken together, these results suggest that APN/CD13 is implicated in the aggressiveness of MPM. Here, MT95-4 treatment reduced tumour progression likely by inhibiting angiogenesis, suggesting APN/CD13 as a potential molecular target for MPM treatment. Additionally, combination treatment with MT95-4 and cisplatin could represent a promising approach to treating MPM exhibiting high APN/CD13 expression.
Nonadherence in the era of severe asthma biologics and thermoplasty
Authors: Lee Joy , Tay Tunn Ren , Radhakrishna Naghmeh , Hore-Lacy Fiona , Mackay Anna , Hoy Ryan , Dabscheck Eli , O'Hehir Robyn , Hew Mark
Published: March 2018

Nonadherence to inhaled preventers impairs asthma control. Electronic monitoring devices (EMDs) can objectively measure adherence. Their use has not been reported in difficult asthma patients potentially suitable for novel therapies,i.e.biologics and bronchial thermoplasty.

Consecutive patients with difficult asthma were assessed for eligibility for novel therapies. Medication adherence, defined as taking >75% of prescribed doses, was assessed by EMD and compared with standardised clinician assessment over an 8-week period.

Among 69 difficult asthma patients, adherence could not be analysed in 13, due to device incompatibility or malfunction. Nonadherence was confirmed in 20 out of 45 (44.4%) patients. Clinical assessment of nonadherence was insensitive (physician 15%, nurse 28%). Serum eosinophils were higher in nonadherent patients. Including 11 patients with possible nonadherence (device refused or not returned) increased the nonadherence rate to 31 out of 56 (55%) patients. Severe asthma criteria were fulfilled by 59 out of 69 patients. 47 were eligible for novel therapies, with confirmed nonadherence in 16 out of 32 (50%) patients with EMD data; including seven patients with possible nonadherence increased the nonadherence rate to 23 out of 39 (59%).

At least half the patients eligible for novel therapies were nonadherent to preventers. Nonadherence was often undetectable by clinical assessments. Preventer adherence must be confirmed objectively before employing novel severe asthma therapies.
Preferences for befriending schemes: a survey of patients with severe mental illness
Authors: Toner Sarah , Cassidy Megan , Chevalier Agnes , Farreny Aida , Leverton Monica , da Costa Mariana Pinto , Priebe Stefan
Published: March 2018

Background

Befriending has become a widely used method for tackling social isolation in individuals with severe mental illness (SMI), and evidence exists to support its effectiveness. However, patient preferences for befriending remain unclear. We aimed to determine whether patients with SMI want a volunteer befriender and, if so, the volunteer characteristics and character of the relationship they would prefer.

Methods

A survey of outpatients was conducted across London-based community mental health teams, for individuals diagnosed with affective or psychotic disorders. Questions consisted of measures of demographic characteristics, befriending preferences and social context, including measures of time spent in activities, number of social contacts, loneliness and subjective quality of life (SQOL). Binary logistic regressions were used to investigate potential predictors of willingness to participate in befriending.

Results

The sample comprised of 201 participants with a mean age of 43 years. The majority (58%) of the sample indicated willingness to participate in befriending. In univariable analyses this was associated with less time spent in activities in the previous week, higher level of loneliness and lower SQOL. When all three variables were tested as predictors in a multivariable analysis, only lower SQOL remained significantly associated with willingness to take part in befriending.

Relative to other options presented, large proportions of participants indicated preference for weekly (44%), 1-hour (39%) meetings with a befriender, with no limits on the relationship duration (53%). Otherwise, patient preferences exhibited great variability in relation to other characteristics of befriending schemes.

Conclusions

A substantial number of patients with SMI appear willing to take part in a befriending scheme. Patients with lower SQOL are more likely to accept befriending, so that befriending schemes may be a realistic option to help patients with particularly low SQOL. The large variability in preferences for different types of befriending suggests that there is no one-size-fits-all formula and that schemes may have to be flexible and accommodate different individual preferences.
Clinical feasibility of umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Riordan Neil H. , Morales Isabela , Fernández Giselle , Allen Nicole , Fearnot Neal E. , Leckrone Michael E. , Markovich Dedra Jones , Mansfield Darla , Avila Dorita , Patel Amit N. , Kesari Santosh , Paz Rodriguez Jorge
Published: March 2018

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressively debilitating neurological condition in which the immune system abnormally erodes the myelin sheath insulating the nerves. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) have been used in the last decade to safely treat certain immune and inflammatory conditions.

Methods

A safety and feasibility study was completed on the use of umbilical cord MSC (UCMSC) as a treatment for MS. In this 1-year study, consenting subjects received seven intravenous infusions of 20 × 106 UCMSC over 7 days. Efficacy was assessed at baseline, 1 month and 1 year after treatment, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Scripps Neurological Rating Scale, Nine-Hole Peg Test, 25-Foot Walk Test, and RAND Short Form-36 quality of life questionnaire.

Results

Twenty subjects were enrolled in this study. No serious adverse events were reported. Of the mild AEs denoted as possibly related to treatment, most were headache or fatigue. Symptom improvements were most notable 1 month after treatment. Improvements were seen in EDSS scores (p < 0.03), as well as in bladder, bowel, and sexual dysfunction (p < 0.01), in non-dominant hand average scores (p < 0.01), in walk times (p < 0.02) and general perspective of a positive health change and improved quality of life. MRI scans of the brain and the cervical spinal cord showed inactive lesions in 15/18 (83.3%) subjects after 1 year.

Conclusions

Treatment with UCMSC intravenous infusions for subjects with MS is safe, and potential therapeutic benefits should be further investigated.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02034188. Registered Jan 13, 2014. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02034188
Stereotomography of seismic data acquired on undulant topography
Authors: Jin Changkun , Zhang Jianzhong
Published: March 2018

Stereotomography is a robust method for building velocity models from seismic reflection data, and it has been applied to offshore seismic data, but there is almost no stereotomographic study with rugged topographic conditions. We study the topographic effects on the slopes of locally coherent events of seismic data and develop an approach to calculate the slopes on an undulant observation surface using the horizontal and vertical components of slowness vectors estimated. Then, we develop an extended stereotomography with undulant observation surface based on the conventional one. Tests on synthetic data validate the extended stereotomography. Application to the ﬁeld seismic data in a foothill belt in Xinjiang of the West China indicates that the extended stereotomography is an effective tool to build velocity models for prestack depth migration of seismic data acquired on rugged topography.
Huber inversion for logging-while-drilling resistivity measurements in high angle and horizontal wells
Authors: Hu Xufei , Fan Yiren
Published: March 2018

Logging-while-drilling (LWD) resistivity responses are inevitably contaminated by Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise. Noise contamination can influence the stability and accuracy of the inversion of the data. In addition, the uncertainty of the bed-boundary positions can complicate the inversion. We have developed a novel efficient nonlinear inversion algorithm, called Huber inversion, to accurately estimate the layer-by-layer resistivity when LWD measurements were affected by Gaussian and non-Gaussian noise. Huber inversion combines the advantages of the [Formula: see text]- and [Formula: see text]-norm inversions, which are more robust than the traditional least-squares inversion algorithm. We use a multiple initial bed-boundary positions method to reduce the inversion uncertainty caused by uncertain bed-boundary positions. The initial bed-boundary positions could be restricted into defined ranges based on the investigation depth of LWD instruments, the geologic environment, and log data from adjacent wells. The slipping inversion window technique is also adopted to satisfy the real-time requirements and ensure that the inversion parameters are the global optima. Numerical simulations under different conditions demonstrate the high stability and superiority of the proposed method. Reliable inversion results can be used for routine petrophysical interpretation, accurate geosteering, and quantitative formation evaluation.
Physicochemical and Biological Characterisation of Azobenzene-Containing Photoswitchable Surfactants
Authors: Tabor Rico F , McCoy Thomas M , Hu Yingxue , Wilkinson Brendan L
Published: March 2018

Surfactants are a versatile and widely used class of molecules, due to their valuable adsorption and self-assembly properties. In particular, surfactants that can respond to stimuli are of interest in modulating wetting, controlling delivery, and exploring mechanistic aspects of biological processes. Incorporating azobenzene into surfactants is a classic approach to rendering molecules that respond to light as an external stimulus; these molecules find wide utility in the precise spatiotemporal control of dispersed systems, from DNA to graphene. More recently, the creation of diverse libraries of such molecules has been achieved by coupling azobenzene-containing hydrophobic tail-groups to hydrophilic carbohydrate head-groups. Such a synthetic strategy offers fine control over adsorption and aggregation, as evidenced by physicochemical characterization of these molecules, uncovering rich phase behavior and diverse biological response. This article covers recent advances in the field of both ‘traditional’ and new azobenzene-containing photosurfactants, and offers directions for future study and use of this unique class of molecule.
Negócios de impacto: tendência ou modismo?
Authors: Barki Edgard
Published: March 2018

Os negócios de impacto têm surgido como resposta a alguns dos dilemas criados pelo capitalismo. Mais do que um conceito fechado, despontam como uma filosofia para pensar e influenciar a forma de se fazer negócio.
O consumo e a cultura do capitalismo
Authors: Fontenelle Isleide Arruda
Published: March 2018

O funcionamento da sociedade às vezes pode ser explicado a partir de aspectos aparentemente banais. O consumo, por exemplo, é uma chave interpretativa para a compreensão das principais questões econômicas, culturais e políticas da nossa época.
Crédito acessível, consumo compulsivo
Authors: Santi Pedro Luiz Ribeiro de
Published: March 2018

O homem moderno, descrito por Sigmund Freud e Max Weber no início do século XX, era moldado pela renúncia ao prazer imediato. Ele era capaz de se conter e fazia poupança, retendo parte de seu ganho. O homem contemporâneo, nascido na segunda metade do século XX, parece ser presa do crédito e do consumo compulsivo.
Consumo & resíduos: Duas faces da mesma moeda
Authors: Dias Sylmara Gonçalves
Published: March 2018

Cada vez mais aumenta o “monte de lixo” formado por resíduos industriais e produtos obsoletos descartados na natureza. Esse fenômeno, difícil de ser freado, pode ser visto como uma metáfora da nossa civilização.
O mercado consumidor brasileiro e o negro na publicidade
Authors: Martins Carlos Augusto de Miranda e
Published: March 2018

Embora a presença do negro na publicidade brasileira tenha aumentado nas últimas décadas, ela ainda deixa muito a desejar. Estereotipada ou pro forma, a representação de negros nos anúncios reflete o persistente racismo da sociedade brasileira.
De pólis a city: as cidades consumidas
Authors: Köhler André Fontan
Published: March 2018

Nos últimos anos, têm-se acentuado as políticas públicas e iniciativas empresariais que privilegiam a cidade como espaço de espetáculo e consumo. Valores importantes da vida urbana, como a noção de espaço público, a convivência, a alteridade e a cidadania, são prejudicados neste modelo de cidade.
Rolezinhos, marcas e funk ostentação
Authors: Silveira Rafael Alcadipani da
Published: March 2018

Como os rolezinhos, que trouxeram o movimento ostentação para o conhecimento do Brasil, influenciam os rumos da sociedade.
Consuma outras experiências
Authors: Nogueira Fernando
Published: March 2018

O laço que se cria entre as pessoas não precisa se restringir ao serviço prestado; tende a se desenvolver em relações de amizade e solidariedade, resultando em comunidades mais fortes e humanas.
Ciência para transformar o Brasil
Authors: Tonelli Maria José , Wilner Adriana
Published: March 2018

Na atual complexidade da situação econômica e política tanto nacional como global, a boa formação de gestores públicos e privados faz muita diferença. Conhecimento científico, sem perder de vista a realidade, pode transformar a educação, o campo social, a política urbana, bem como melhorar a liderança, a resiliência e a sustentabilidade das organizações. Para começar bem o ano de 2018, abordamos esses diversos temas nesta primeira edição.
Gestores versus políticos?
Authors: Couto Cláudio Gonçalves
Published: March 2018

o mesmo tempo em que os políticos precisam se inteirar cada vez mais das questões de ordem técnica e administrativa, os administradores necessitam compreender melhor a lógica da política.
A ciência por trás da política urbana
Authors: Biderman Ciro
Published: March 2018

Quando os avanços no conhecimento se difundirem entre as instituições e os indivíduos ligados direta ou indiretamente à gestão pública local, as cidades brasileiras poderão se tornar mais igualitárias e serão capazes de desempenhar o seu papel de liderança no país.
O novo papel do líder
Authors: Piza Sergio
Published: March 2018

Inspirador, estrategista, sobre-humano? Não. A liderança precisa construir um espaço para que todos os atores organizacionais possam se automotivar e se tornar autores de resultados extraordinários
Decisões importantes precisam de um cérebro descansado
Authors: Dana Samy
Published: March 2018

O cérebro tende a tomar decisões impulsivas quando está esgotado. Ele precisa das melhores condições para fazer o melhor julgamento diante de uma oportunidade.
2018: uma difícil travessia
Authors: Sandroni Paulo
Published: March 2018

É provável um “empate técnico” no equilíbrio fiscal neste ano: receitas crescentes pela expansão do PIB, sem sinal de queda nas despesas.
Virus-like particles and enterovirus antigen found in the brainstem neurons of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Dourmashkin Robert R. , McCall Sherman A. , Dourmashkin Neil , Hannah Matthew J.
Published: March 2018

Background: In a previous study on encephalitis lethargica, we identified an enterovirus in autopsy brain material. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and molecular analysis were employed.  Our present objective was to investigate, using a similar approach, as to whether virus-like particles (VLP) and enterovirus antigen are present in Parkinson’s disease (PD) brainstem neurons.

Methods: Fixed tissue from autopsy specimens of late onset PD and control brainstem tissue were received for study. The brain tissue was processed for TEM and IHC according to previous published methods.

Results:  We observed VLP in the brainstem neurons of all the cases of PD that were examined.  In the neurons’ cytoplasm there were many virus factories consisting of VLP and endoplasmic reticulum membranes. In some neurons, the virus factories contained incomplete VLP. Complete VLP in some neurons’ virus factories had an average diameter of 31 nm, larger than control brain ribosomes. In the nuclei, there were VLP with an average diameter of 40 nm. In cases of human poliomyelitis, there were cytoplasmic virus factories and intranuclear virus particles similar to those observed in PD. On preparing PD brain sections for IHC there was positive staining using anti-poliovirus antibody and anti-coxsackie antibody. This result was statistically significant.

Conclusions: We present evidence for an enterovirus infection in PD.  For future studies, virus isolation and molecular analysis is suggested.