bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teilhabebeeinträchtigung und deren Prädiktion bei
Opfern von Gewalttaten im Verfahren nach dem Opferentschädigungsgesetz:
Eine aktenbasierte explorative Kohortenstudie
Authors: Wulfes Nele , Mitschke Astrid-Christine , Wehrmeyer Matthias , von Drehle Christina , Kröger Christoph
Published: September 2022

Nach einer Gewalttat entstehen bei Betroffenen nicht nur psychische und
körperliche Schäden, sondern auch eine Beeinträchtigung
in der beruflichen, sozialen und gesellschaftlichen Teilhabe. Bislang fehlen
allerdings Studien zur Ausprägung der Teilhabebeeinträchtigung
und prognostisch relevanter Merkmale. Anhand eines Kategoriensystems wurden aus
Akten soziodemographische Angaben, trauma-, tat- und gesundheitsspezifische
Merkmale erwachsener Opfer von Gewalttaten, deren Anspruch auf Leistungen nach
dem Opferentschädigungsgesetz (OEG) anerkannt waren, erfasst. Basierend
auf psychiatrischen Gutachten zur Schädigungsfolge wurde ferner die
Teilhabebeeinträchtigung orientiert an der International Classification
of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) post-hoc beurteilt. Die Daten
beruhen auf 99 Akten; 72 der Betroffenen waren weiblich. Das durchschnittliche
Alter der Opfer bei der Tat betrug 25 Jahre. 53 waren Opfer von Gewalttaten
gegen die sexuelle Selbstbestimmung, 24 Opfer von Formen von
Körperverletzung und 45 Opfer anderer Gewalttaten. 29 wurden Opfer
mehrerer Arten von Gewalttaten. Bei allen Personen lag mindestens eine
psychische Störung mit Krankheitswert vor. Zwischen dem ersten und
zweiten Gutachten vergingen im Durchschnitt vier Jahre. Während 85 der
Betroffenen angegeben hatten, vor der Tat berufstätig gewesen zu sein,
waren dies nach der Tat noch 53. Die ausgeprägteste
Beeinträchtigung der Teilhabefähigkeit zeigte sich in der
beruflichen Teilhabe. Mithilfe einer multiplen Regressionsanalyse wurde
deutlich, dass eine höhere Teilhabebeeinträchtigung mit einer
fehlenden Berufstätigkeit und einem höheren Grad der
Schädigung nach der Tat sowie der persönlichen Bekanntheit des
Opfers mit dem Täter assoziiert war; nicht aber mit dem Vorliegen einer
psychischen Störung oder das Fehlen vertrauensvoller Beziehungen des
Opfers. Zukünftig sollte die Teilhabebeeinträchtigung
regulär während der psychiatrischen Begutachtung ICF-basiert
eingeschätzt werden. Die Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass
insbesondere Leistungen zur beruflichen Teilhabe im Rahmen des OEGs zu
gewähren sind.
Homeopathic Products as a Complementary Dietary Additive for Pigs in their Growing and Finishing Phases
Authors: Wendt Geraldyne Nunes , Genova Jansller Luiz , de Azevedo Liliana Bury , Rupolo Paulo Evaristo , Gregory Cristine Regina , Volpato Josiane Aparecida , Carvalho Silvana Teixeira , de Oliveira Carvalho Paulo Levi , Pasquetti Tiago Junior
Published: September 2022

Background Homeopathic products (HP) have been proposed for the prevention of disease and as a complementary dietary additive in pig farming, with resulting improved performance and quality of life of the animals and with benefits for food safety. The aim of this study was to assess the addition of HP to pig feed and its effects on growth performance, dietary protein utilization, nutrient digestibility, meat quality, and economic feasibility.

Methods A total of 80 male pigs, body weight 32.8±2.3kg, were allocated in a randomized design, with two treatments of 10 replications and four animals per experimental unit. Treatments were composed of a control diet (CD) or CD+HP (Finalvitaplus+Figotonus, 1.1kg/ton feed of each product). The outcome measures used were growth performance (body weight gain) and feed efficiency (body weight gain per unit of feed consumed), efficiency of dietary protein utilization (blood urea nitrogen), nutrient digestibility (apparent digestibility coefficient and apparent nutrient digestibility), meat quality (including pH, temperature, color, liquid loss by cooking and thawing, intramuscular fat and meat tenderness), and economic feasibility (cost of the diets).

Results There was no effect (p >0.05) of treatments on growth performance of the pigs, though the group that received HP showed an 8.93% greater feed efficiency than the control group (p=0.077). The animals in the control group had a 14.37% higher blood urea nitrogen concentration in the finishing I phase (70–100kg body weight) compared with those fed HP (p=0.028), indicating lower protein utilization in the controls. There was comparative improvement in digestibility coefficient and in nutrient digestibility in pigs fed HP in the growing–finishing phase (p <0.05). There was no differential effect of treatments on meat quality or economic feasibility (p >0.05).

Conclusion The addition of HP to the diet of growing–finishing pigs produced some improvement in their dietary protein utilization, nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency, though it did not affect their growth performance, meat quality or economic feasibility.
Homeopathic Treatment in Patients with COVID-19: Analysis of Clinical Evolution and Comparison between Cases in 2020 and 2021
Authors: Fujino Fernanda Maria Simões da Costa , Olandim Ana Amélia Campos Claro , Coggan Jennifer Anne , Carvalho Junior Antonio Deusany de , Bufalo Adriana de Queiroz Soares , Takeyama Eduardo Nishimiya , Sant'Ana Soraya Cristina , Barnabé Vagner Doja , Benites Nilson Roberti
Published: September 2022

Background The manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) can result in several prognoses and lead patients to look for appropriate complementary or alternative treatment options according to their personal situation and available health care. Patients with mild symptoms or those who have not yet reached the maximum severity of their condition are those who seek outpatient care, where homeopathic treatment might be considered, given the well documented history of this medical system in several epidemics in the past.

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the homeopathic treatment used for symptomatic cases of COVID-19 in March and April 2020 with cases treated in March and April 2021.

Method This is a retrospective observational study based on the analysis of the medical records of symptomatic COVID-19 patients treated on an outpatient basis with homeopathy at the Hahnemanniano George Galvão Institute in São Paulo, Brazil. We analyzed 54 cases, divided into two samples (27 cases in each year), similar in relation to age, gender and origin of the patients.

Results The development was distinct in the 2 years, with improvement of symptoms after 3 days of the first homeopathic prescription in 2020 whilst in 2021 the improvement occurred from the sixth day onward. The most frequently prescribed homeopathic medicine also differed in the two samples (Antimonium tartaricum in 2020; Arsenicum album in 2021), which indicates the different disease characteristics at these two moments of the epidemic.

Conclusion In 2020, the symptomatology of the cases was mainly acute and the main medicine was Antimonium tartaricum. By comparison, in 2021 a greater interference from individuals' previous chronic miasmatic disease may explain the change in the main medicines used that year, with Arsenicum album being the most prescribed in the cases studied.
Venture of a Tertiary Care Neurosurgical Center in Course of COVID-19 Lockdown without RT-PCR
Authors: Rajbhandari Pravesh , Gurung Pritam , Shrestha Resha , Dhakal Sudan , Shrestha Janam , Sharma Upama , Shrestha Dinuj , Nepal Gopi , Shrestha Bishal , Sah Kailash , Acharya Samir , Shrestha Pranaya , Rajbhandari Reema , Chandra Avinash , Mali Shani , Dabadi Sambardhan , Dhungel Raju Raj , Shrestha Jitesh , Palikhe Anusha , Karki Shambhu Bahadur , Pant Basant
Published: September 2022

“I will not permit considerations of age, disease or disability, creed, ethnic origin, gender, nationality, political affiliation, race, sexual orientation, social standing or any other factor to intervene between my duty and my patient.” Obliged by the aforementioned oath, no medical practitioner shall sit in a moral judgment on any patient but will treat their illness to the best of their ability whatever the circumstances. A clear concord was yet to be authorized after the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the global pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2infection. As a diagnostic modality, WHO recommended real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as a reliable test; however, its availability in a deprived nation like ours became a major restraining factor. Despite an asset of having high specificity, RT-PCR for coronavirus disease 2019has its own liability of having low sensitivity. Henceforth, as time passed by, the validity of the rapid diagnostic tests was put into question. In later months, a few centers around our periphery started conducting RT-PCR, but the time taken to obtain the result was long-drawn-out process and the patient who needed urgent neurosurgical intervention at Annapurna Neurological Institute and Allied Sciences had to wait. We would like to share our expedition through peaks and valleys of managing 215 patients during the vicious circle of lockdown and global pandemic.
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation in Liver Diseases
Authors: Nevens Frederik , van der Merwe Schalk
Published: September 2022

Promising preclinical data suggested that bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) can reduce hepatic fibrosis and stimulate liver regeneration. Preclinical studies moreover suggested that the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory functions of MSCs may reduce hepatic inflammation, improve liver function, and decrease infection incidences which are deemed especially important in the case of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Studies in patients with decompensated cirrhosis demonstrated that injection of BM-MSC resulted in an improvement of biochemical tests and led to a survival benefit in ACLF. Most of these studies were performed in hepatitis B virus infected patients. However, two adequately powered studies performed in Europe could not confirm these data. A possible alternative to mobilize BM-MSC into the liver is the use of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) which has proregenerative and immunomodulatory effects. In Indian studies, the use of G-CSF was associated with improvement of survival, although this finding could not be confirmed in European studies. Human allogeneic liver-derived progenitor cell therapy represents a potential treatment for ACLF, of which the main action is paracrine. These human liver–derived MSC can perform various functions, including the downregulation of proinflammatory responses. The clinical beneficial effect of these cells is further explored in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and ACLF in Europe.
Transthoracic Migration of a Foreign Body into the Diaphragm from the Gunshot Injury and Its Management in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Dantis Klein , Mehsare Pranay Suresh , Singha Subrata Kumar , Gupta Nilesh
Published: September 2022

Intrapleural foreign bodies (FB) are rare and uncommon, while diaphragmatic FB secondary to gunshot injury in a child is still rarer. We now describe a 9-year-old male with a history of self-inflicted accidental air gun injury on the right side of the midline of the sternum with transthoracic migration of FB—lead bullet—measuring 1cm x1.4cm into the diaphragm managed initially with intercostal tube drainage for right hemopneumothorax at the different center underwent thoracoscopy followed by minithoracotomy and retrieval under C-arm guidance that has not been reported in the literature.
ICU Admissions and Outcomes of Childhood Cancer Patients in Single Tertiary Hospital in the Private Sector in India
Authors: Marwah Harleen , Tripathi Rashi , Saikia Bhaskar , Anand Preeti , Arora Ramandeep Singh
Published: September 2022

Background Modern-day treatment of childhood cancer is punctuated by the necessary need for intensive care. This study was performed to understand the intensive care unit (ICU) admission rates and factors associated with ICU admission in a cohort of newly diagnosed childhood cancer patients in India.

Materials and Methods All childhood (age <18 years) patients in the hospital-based cancer registry who had registered between March 1, 2013, and May 31, 2018, formed the cohort. ICU admissions were recorded and demographic and clinical factors associated with ICU admission were investigated. ICU admission rates were the primary outcome of interest and secondary outcomes were ICU admission rates for sick/supportive reasons, ICU admission rates for surgical/procedural reasons and mortality during ICU admission.

Results In a cohort of 258 children (66% males, 61% from India, and median age 7 years), 149 (58%) patients needed one or more ICU admission (median one with range of one to five) with total 204 ICU admission episodes. While age group, gender, and nationality were not significantly associated with ICU admission, cancer type was (highest in neuroblastoma (82%) and central nervous system (CNS) tumors (71%)). Sick/supportive care ICU admissions were significantly higher in patients of younger age, Indian origin, and certain cancers (leukemias, lymphomas). Surgical/procedural ICU admissions were significantly higher in international patients and certain cancers (CNS tumors, neuroblastomas, and soft tissue sarcomas). There were 17 ICU deaths (11% of patients admitted to ICU) and all but one were from sick/supportive care ICU admissions.

Conclusion Our study highlights higher than reported ICU admission rates and lower than reported mortality in children with cancer in low- and middle-income countries. We next plan to develop more specific ICU admission criteria, prospectively evaluating severity metrics in these patients, and explore the development of a high dependency unit.
A piezoelectric-driven resonant unit for high-viscosity-liquid injection
Authors: Hou Yi , He Lipeng , Hu Renhui , Hu Dianbin , Yu Baojun , Cheng Guangming
Published: September 2022

In this paper, a piezoelectric-driven resonant unit for high-viscosity-liquid injection is introduced. For high-viscosity-liquid delivery in low voltage and frequency, a vibrating block is fixed under the rectangular piezoelectric actuator, to transport the vibration to the chamber, leading the unit into resonant state. The valveless chamber is designed eccentrically to promote the tendency of positive flow and diminish the backflow. Numerical simulation and analyses are carried out to optimize the chamber design, and the experiments with liquid in different viscosity, radius of the vibrating block, and the influence of gravity are conducted. The unit achieves a fast delivery speed with a relatively high liquid viscosity compared to the similar study, as the highest flow rate of 52.4, 88.4, and 103.9 ml/min at 100 V, 60 Hz with the liquid of 54.42, 21.13 cP, and water, respectively. The flow rate drops by 40.7%, while the liquid viscosity increases 157.5%.
Superposition of random plane waves in high spatial dimensions: Random matrix approach to landscape complexity
Authors: Lacroix-A-Chez-Toine Bertrand , Fyodorov Yan V. , Fedeli Sirio Belga
Published: September 2022

Motivated by current interest in understanding statistical properties of random landscapes in high-dimensional spaces, we consider a model of the landscape in RN obtained by superimposing M > N plane waves of random wavevectors and amplitudes and further restricted by a uniform parabolic confinement in all directions. For this landscape, we show how to compute the “annealed complexity,” controlling the asymptotic growth rate of the mean number of stationary points as N → ∞ at fixed ratio α = M/N > 1. The framework of this computation requires us to study spectral properties of N × N matrices W = KTKT, where T is a diagonal matrix with M mean zero independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) real normally distributed entries, and all MN entries of K are also i.i.d. real normal random variables. We suggest to call the latter Gaussian Marchenko–Pastur ensemble as such matrices appeared in the seminal 1967 paper by those authors. We compute the associated mean spectral density and evaluate some moments and correlation functions involving products of characteristic polynomials for such matrices.
Manipulating the magneto-resistance of Bi2Se3 thin films by strontium doping
Authors: Hu Jiayuan , Jiang Wenxiang , Lu Qi , Xu Chenhang , Wu Jiangtao , Jiao Jinlong , Wang Guohua , Ma Jie , Qian Dong
Published: September 2022

We systematically studied the magneto-resistance of strontium (Sr) doped topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3 films. For Bi2Se3 films with relatively large classic magneto-resistance, we found that slightly Sr doping can completely suppress the classic magneto-resistance and make the weak antilocalization effect dominate in the weak-magnetic-field region. Consequently, the value of the magneto-resistance is enhanced by more than 2.7 times at 0.2 T in slightly doped samples. In contrast, in the strong-magnetic-field region, the magneto-resistance is strongly reduced by doping but exhibits linear magneto-resistance behavior. Our results suggest that the linear magneto-resistance behavior originates from the mobility fluctuation induced by disorder described by the Parish–Littlewood model. Our findings not only gain insights into the doping effect on the topological insulator but also provide an effective way to manipulate the magneto-transport properties of TI for potential applications in future.
Study of the dielectric breakdown strength of CO2–O2 mixtures by considering ion kinetics in a spatial–temporal growth avalanche model
Authors: Zhang Boya , Yao Yuyang , Hao Mai , Li Xingwen , Xiong Jiayu , Murphy Anthony B.
Published: September 2022

The gas mixture CO2–O2 has been considered as an insulation and arc-quenching medium in gas-insulated switchgears. In this paper, the dielectric breakdown properties of CO2–O2 mixtures at different O2 concentrations and gas pressures were studied theoretically by considering ion kinetics in a spatial–temporal growth avalanche model. A kinetic scheme that includes all the main reactions likely to occur in CO2–O2 mixtures is presented. An improved method to calculate the dielectric strength of the gas mixture is developed, based on an avalanche model that considers both spatial growth and temporal processes. Next, the reaction rates of ionization, attachment, detachment and ion conversion, the effective ionization Townsend coefficient αeff/N, and reduced critical electric field strength (E/N)cr in CO2–O2 mixtures at different mixing ratios and gas pressures are analyzed in detail. Finally, a pulsed Townsend experiment is performed to verify the validity and accuracy of the calculation method. Based on this, one detachment reaction rate is modified to yield more accurate results. Better consistency between the results and the experimental values supports the validity of the kinetic system, reaction rates, and the improved calculation method.
Effect of interlayer exchange coupling in spin-torque nano oscillator
Authors: Arun R. , Gopal R. , Chandrasekar V. K. , Lakshmanan M.
Published: September 2022

The dynamics of the magnetization of the free layer in a spin-torque nano oscillator (STNO) influenced by a noncollinear alignment between the magnetizations of the free and pinned layers due to an interlayer exchange coupling has been investigated theoretically. The orientations of the magnetization of the free layer with that of the pinned layer have been computed through the macrospin model and they are found to match well with experimental results. The bilinear and biquadratic coupling strengths make the current to switch the magnetization between two states or oscillate steadily. The expressions for the critical currents between which oscillations are possible and the critical bilinear coupling strength below which oscillations are not possible are derived. The frequency of the oscillations is shown to be tuned and increased to or above 300 GHz by the current, which is the largest to date among nanopillar-shaped STNOs.
Classification of finite irreducible conformal modules for K4′
Authors: Bagnoli Lucia , Caselli Fabrizio
Published: September 2022

We classify finite irreducible modules over the conformal superalgebra K4′ by their correspondence with finite conformal modules over the associated annihilation superalgebra A(K4′). This is achieved by a complete classification of singular vectors in generalized Verma modules for A(K4′). We also show that morphisms between generalized Verma modules can be arranged in infinitely many bilateral complexes.
Confinement free energy for a polymer chain: Corrections to scaling
Authors: Taylor Mark P.
Published: September 2022

Spatial confinement of a polymer chain results in a reduction of conformational entropy. For confinement of a flexible N-mer chain in a planar slit or cylindrical pore (confining dimension D), a blob model analysis predicts the asymptotic scaling behavior ΔF/N ∼ D−γ with γ ≈ 1.70, where ΔF is the free energy increase due to confinement. Here, we extend this scaling analysis to include the variation of local monomer density upon confinement giving ΔF/N ∼ D−γ(1 − h(N, D)), where the correction-to-scaling term has the form h ∼ Dy/NΔ with exponents y = 3 − γ ≈ 1.30 and Δ = 3/γ − 1 ≈ 0.76. To test these scaling predictions, we carry out Wang–Landau simulations of confined and unconfined tangent-hard-sphere chains (bead diameter σ) in the presence of a square-well trapping potential. The fully trapped chain provides a common reference state, allowing for an absolute determination of the confinement free energy. Our simulation results for 32 ≤ N ≤ 1024 and 3 ≤ D/σ ≤ 14 are well-described by the extended scaling relation giving exponents of γ = 1.69(1), y = 1.25(2), and Δ = 0.75(6).
Statistical properties of three-dimensional Hall magnetohydrodynamics turbulence
Authors: Yadav Sharad K. , Miura Hideaki , Pandit Rahul
Published: September 2022

The three-dimensional (3D) Hall magnetohydrodynamics (HMHD) equations are often used to study turbulence in the solar wind. Some earlier studies have investigated the statistical properties of 3D HMHD turbulence by using simple shell models or pseudospectral direct numerical simulations (DNSs) of the 3D HMHD equations; these DNSs have been restricted to modest spatial resolutions and have covered a limited parameter range. To explore the dependence of 3D HMHD turbulence on the Reynolds number Re and the ion-inertial scale di, we have carried out detailed pseudospectral DNSs of the 3D HMHD equations and their counterparts for 3D MHD (di = 0). We present several statistical properties of 3D HMHD turbulence, which we compare with 3D MHD turbulence by calculating (a) the temporal evolution of the energy-dissipation rates and the energy; (b) the wave-number dependence of fluid and magnetic spectra; (c) the probability distribution functions of the cosines of the angles between various pairs of vectors, such as the velocity and the magnetic field; and (d) various measures of the intermittency in 3D HMHD and 3D MHD turbulence.
Molecular photothermal effects on time-resolved IR spectroscopy
Authors: Cho Minhaeng
Published: September 2022

Time-resolved IR pump–probe (IR-PP) and two-dimensional IR (2D-IR) spectroscopy are valuable techniques for studying various ultrafast chemical and biological processes in solutions. The time-dependent changes of nonlinear IR signals reflecting fast molecular processes such as vibrational energy transfer and chemical exchange provide invaluable information on the rates and mechanisms of solvation dynamics and structural transitions of multispecies vibrationally interacting molecular systems. However, due to the intrinsic difficulties in distinguishing the contributions of molecule-specific processes to the time-resolved IR signals from those resulting from local heating, it becomes challenging to interpret time-resolved IR-PP and 2D-IR spectra exhibiting transient growing-in spectral components and cross-peaks unambiguously. Here, theoretical considerations of various effects of vibrational coupling, energy transfer, chemical exchange, the generation of hot ground states, molecular photothermal process, and their combinations on the line shapes and time-dependent intensities of IR-PP spectra and 2D-IR diagonal peaks and cross-peaks are presented. We anticipate that the present work will help researchers using IR pump–probe and 2D-IR techniques to distinguish local heating-induced photothermal signals from genuine nonlinear IR signals.
Continuous repair of groove damages using solid-state friction rolling additive manufacturing method
Authors: Liu Haibin , Sun Yangyang , Xie Ruishan , Shi Yanchao , Shi Qingyu , Chen Shujun
Published: September 2022

A solid-state and continuous groove repair technology was proposed for aluminium alloy based on friction rolling additive manufacturing (FRAM). The feasibility of FRAM was explored by repairing three types of prefabricated groove damages in aluminium alloy plates. A well-repaired joint for trapezoidal groove was obtained when the press-in depth of the tool head was 2 mm. The press-in depth was the key factor to complete filling of the groove damage. Effective grain refinement of the repair centre and the significant refinement area are observed, which leads to the hardness of these two areas reaching 99% and 102% of the substrate, respectively. The material migration behaviour of the filling material during the process was clarified.
University student understanding and reasoning on work–energy relations
Authors: Gutiérrez-Berraondo José , Zuza Kristina , Zavala Genaro , Sarriugarte Paulo , Guisasola Jenaro
Published: September 2022

An understanding the general principle of work and energy (GPWE) is essential to apply work and energy relations in general physics courses. In this paper, students’ reasoning about the GPWE is analysed in a social-constructivist theoretical framework of conceptual understanding and reasoning. We designed a questionnaire with open-ended questions to detect students’ difficulties with the concepts involved. The responses were analysed by defining explicative categories for student understanding. We have identified ‘intermediate frames’ for understanding GPWE. The ‘intermediate frames’ that students construct halfway between their prior knowledge and scientific understanding include reasoning, such as (a) considering superficial features and incorrectly analysing particular cases (b) not considering that the application of the GPWE is only valid in a previously chosen system.
Quantum control methods for robust entanglement of trapped ions
Authors: Valahu C H , Apostolatos I , Weidt S , Hensinger W K
Published: September 2022

A major obstacle in the way of practical quantum computing is achieving scalable and robust high-fidelity entangling gates. To this end, quantum control has become an essential tool, as it can make the entangling interaction resilient to sources of noise. Nevertheless, it may be difficult to identify an appropriate quantum control technique for a particular need given the breadth of work pertaining to robust entanglement. To this end, we attempt to consolidate the literature by providing a non-exhaustive summary and critical analysis. The quantum control methods are separated into two categories: schemes which extend the robustness to (i) spin or (ii) motional decoherence. We choose to focus on extensions of the σ

x
⊗ σ

x
Mølmer–Sørensen interaction using microwaves and a static magnetic field gradient. Nevertheless, some of the techniques discussed here can be relevant to other trapped ion architectures or physical qubit implementations. Finally, we experimentally realize a proof-of-concept interaction with simultaneous robustness to spin and motional decoherence by combining several quantum control methods presented in this manuscript.
Ab initio calculations of the hyperfine structure of 109Cd, 109Cd+ and reevaluation of the nuclear quadrupole moment Q(109Cd)
Authors: Lu Benquan , Lu Xiaotong , Wang Tao , Chang Hong
Published: September 2022

Large scale ab initio calculations of the electric contribution (i.e. the electric field gradient (EFG)) to the electric quadrupole hyperfine interaction constants B for the

5

p

2

P

3
/
2

o

state of 109Cd+ ion and the

5
s
5

p

3

P

1
,
2

o

states of neutral 109Cd atom were performed. To probe the sensitivity of B to different electron correlation effects, six sets of variational multi-configuration Dirac–Hartree–Fock and relativistic configuration interaction calculations employing different strategies were carried out. The calculated EFGs, together with experimental values of B, allow us to extract a new value of the nuclear electric quadrupole moment Q(109Cd) = 0.634(22) b which is about 5% larger than the recommended value (Stone 2016 At. Data Nucl. Data Tables
111–112 1; Pyykkö 2018 Mol. Phys.
116 1328). Efforts were made to provide a realistic theoretical uncertainty for the final Q value based on statistical principles and correlation with the magnetic dipole hyperfine interaction constant A.
A novel E-mode GaN p-MOSFET featuring charge storage layer with high current density
Authors: Chen Kuangli , Su Yuanzhang , Ruan Jiajia , Cai Yonglian , Zhu Liyang , Zhang Bo , Zhou Qi
Published: September 2022

In this work, a trench gate enhancement-mode GaN p-type metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor featuring charge storage (CS) layer is proposed, which exhibits an effectively improved current density. Based on device simulations, the current density can be increased by 154% (@V
DS = −5 V, V
GS = −7 V) compared with conventional devices without CS layer. Besides, the impact of the critical parameters including AlGaN barrier thickness t, Al mole-fraction x, trench gate depth T
recess, and negative charge concentration N
CSL on device performance are studied and optimized. In this case, the p-MOSFETs show an on-current |I
ON, max| of 14 mA mm−1, V
TH of −0.47 V, I
ON
/I
OFF of >108, and on-resistance R
ON of 0.27 kΩ mm. The proposed GaN p-MOSFETs exhibit a promising method to improve the current drive capability of GaN p-channel devices.
Performance of passive daytime radiative cooling coating with CaSiO3 enhanced solar reflectivity and atmospheric window emissivity
Authors: Liu Mingrao , Zhang Shuai , Li Fuxi , Zhang Canying , Zhu Haitao , Wu Daxiong
Published: September 2022

Passive daytime radiative cooling (PDRC) emerges as an environmentally friendly cooling strategy for its zero demand of electricity and fossil energy. In this study, PDRC coating containing polymethylmethacrylate and CaSiO3 was prepared with a simple process at low cost. The solar reflectivity, atmospheric window emissivity and radiative cooling performance of the prepared coating were investigated. The coating exhibits an average solar reflectance of 96.4% and an average atmospheric window emittance of 97.0%. Under direct solar irradiation, the coating can achieved an average sub-ambient temperature drop of 5.5 °C and an average net radiative cooling power of 72 W m−2. The results are on par with those of the efficient radiative coolers in the literature. Experimental investigation also suggests that the coating has application prospect in dew condensation and retarding the melting process of ice. This study provides a cost-efficient and commercially feasible strategy to fabricate PDRC coating.
Nodeless superconductivity in topologically nontrivial materials HfRuP and ZrRuAs
Authors: Duan Weiyin , Nie Zhiyong , Yan Dayu , Su Hang , Chen Yuxin , Chen Ye , Shi Youguo , Song Yu , Yuan Huiqiu
Published: September 2022

Topologically nontrivial electronic states are recently found in a family of noncentrosymmetric transition metal pnictides TRuX (

T
=

Zr, Hf;

X
=

P, As), presenting a unique platform for superconductivity to interplay with topological electronic states and asymmetric spin–orbit coupling. Here, we investigate the superconducting order parameter of HfRuP and ZrRuAs by measuring the magnetic penetration depth change

Δ
λ
(
T
)

using a method based on the tunnel-diode oscillator. Both compounds show clear exponential temperature dependence in

Δ
λ
(
T
)

at low temperatures, suggesting fully-gapped superconductivity. Moreover, the superfluid densities in both HfRuP and ZrRuAs can be reasonably described by an s-wave superconducting model.
Earth orientation parameters prediction based on the hybrid SSA + LS + SVM model
Authors: Yang Yuguo , Nie Wenfeng , Xu Tianhe , Fang Zhenlong , Xue Huijie , Sun Zhangzhen
Published: September 2022

The high-precision prediction of Earth orientation parameters (EOPs) is essential for astro-geodynamics, high-precision space navigation and positioning, on-board autonomous orbits determination and deep space exploration. However, the prediction accuracy of existing models is much lower than the estimation accuracy of geodetic technical solutions, which affects certain high-precision real-time users. To improve the prediction accuracy of EOP in short- and long-term period, we propose a hybrid model by combining the singular spectrum analysis (SSA), least squares (LSs) and support vector machine (SVM) in the study. Through SSA algorithm, the deterministic time-varying signal of EOP time series can be more precisely and reasonably detected and modeled. Based on the optimization theory, we reconstruct the EOP sequences using SSA and establish the LS extrapolation model based on the reconstructed series. Then, the residuals from SSA reconstruction and those from the LS model, are used for SVM training and prediction. The results of two-year prediction experiments based on the EOP 14 C04 series show that the proposed hybrid model has significant improvements in polar motion (PM) and length of day (LOD) for different prediction intervals (1–360 d) compared with the LS + autoregression (AR) model. The prediction error for x-component of polar motion (PMX) is reduced by 40.2%, 31.0% and 51.4% while that for y-component of polar motion (PMY) is 22.1%, 23.3% and 55.6% for prediction period of 30, 90 and 180 d respectively. For LOD, the maximum prediction improvement can reach to 53.8% during the predicted 360 d. In addition, the proposed method has better accuracy in mid- and long-term PM(x, y) predictions compared to the Bulletin A, with a 360 d prediction error of 27.273 and 21.741 mas.
Dense interpolations of LPT data in the presence of generic solid objects
Authors: Cakir Bora O , Gonzalez Saiz Gabriel , Sciacchitano Andrea , van Oudheusden Bas
Published: September 2022

Three-dimensional Lagrangian particle tracking measurements with helium filled soap bubbles provide quantitative flow visualizations in large measurement volumes up to the cubic metre scale. However, the instantaneously available fluid information density is severely restricted by the finite spatial resolution of the measurements. Therefore, the use of experimental data assimilation approaches are utilized to exploit the temporal information of the flow measurements, along with the governing equations of the fluid motion, to increase the measurement spatial resolution. Nevertheless, only in the last years, attempts to apply data assimilation methods to enhance the Lagrangian particle tracking (LPT) resolution in proximity of solid boundaries have been performed. Thus, in order to handle generic solid body intrusions within the densely interpolated LPT data, two different approaches based on the computational fluid-structure interaction frameworks are proposed. The introduced variants of the state of the art physics-driven data assimilation methods are assessed with a high fidelity numerical test case of flow over periodic hills. The accuracy superiority of the flow field reconstructions with the proposed approaches are denoted especially in close proximity of the interaction surface. An experimental application of the introduced methods is demonstrated to compute the pressure distribution over an unsteadily moving elastic membrane surface, revealing the time-resolved interaction between the flow structures and the membrane deformations.
Diagnosis of rectal cancer based on the Xception-MS network
Authors: Yi Sanli , Wei Yanrong , Luo Xiaomao , Chen Dong
Published: September 2022

Objective. Accurate T staging of rectal cancer based on ultrasound images is convenient for doctors to determine the appropriate treatment. To effectively solve the problems of low efficiency and accuracy of traditional methods for T staging diagnosis of rectal cancer, a deep-learning-based Xception-MS diagnostic model is proposed in this paper. Approach. The proposed diagnostic model consists of three steps. First, the model preprocesses rectal cancer images to solve the problem of data imbalance and deficiency of sample size, and reduces the risk of model overfitting. Second, a new Xception-MS network with stronger feature extraction capability, which is a combination of the Xception network and MS module, is proposed. The MS module is a new function module that can more effectively extract multi-scale information from rectal cancer images. In addition, to solve the deficiency of the small sample size of rectal cancer, the proposed network is combined with transfer learning technology. At last, the output layer of the network is modified, in which the global average pooling and a fully connected softmax layer are employed to replace the original ones, and then the rectal cancer 4 classification (T1, T2, T3, T4 staging) is output. Main results. Experiments of rectal cancer T staging are conducted on a dataset of 1078 rectal cancer images in 4 categories collected from the Department of Colorectal Surgery of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University. The experimental results show that the accuracy, precision, recall and F1 values obtained by the model are 94.66%, 94.70%, 94.65%, and 94.67%, respectively. Significance. The experimental results show that our model is superior to the existing classification models, can effectively and automatically classify ultrasound images of rectal cancer, and can better assist doctors in the diagnosis of rectal cancer.
Ensemble classification combining ResNet and handcrafted features with three-steps training
Authors: Garcia-Isla Guadalupe , Muscato Federico M. , Sansonetti Andrea , Magni Stefano , Corino Valentina D. A. , Mainardi Luca T.
Published: September 2022

Objective. This work presents an ECG classifier for variable leads as a contribution to the Computing in Cardiology Challenge/CinC Challenge 2021. It aims to integrate deep and classic machine learning features into a single model, exploring the proper structure and training procedure. Approach. From the initial 88 253 signals, only 84 210 were included. Low quality and unscored recordings were excluded. Three different database subsets of 40 365 recording each were created by dividing in three normal sinus rhythm and sinus bradycardia recordings. Each subset was used to train a different model with shared architecture integrated as an ensemble to provide the final classification through major voting. Models contained a deep branch composed of a modified ResNet with dilation convolutional layers and squeeze and excitation Block that took as input windowed ECG signals. This was concatenated with a wide branch that integrated 20 cardiac rhythm features into a fully connected 3-layered network. Three different training steps were studied: just the deep branch (D), wide integration and training (D+W), and a final fine tuning of the deep branch posterior to wide training (D+W+D). Main Results. Results obtained in a local test set formed by a stratified 12.5% split of the given full dataset were presented for 2-lead and 12-lead models. The best training method was the 3-step D + W + D procedure obtaining a challenge metric of 0.709 and 0.677 for 12 and 2-lead models respectively. Significance. Integration of handcrafted features and deep learning model not only may increase the generalization capacity of the network but also provide a path to add explicit information into the classification decision process. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work studying the training procedure to properly integrate both types of information for ECG signals classification.
A plasma loss to sidewall model for 1D PIC/MCC simulation for plasma transport estimation
Authors: Yang Jinghan , Li Dong , Chen Peng , Li Zengshan , Jiang Wei , Chen Dezhi
Published: September 2022

A plasma loss to sidewall model is used for one-dimensional (1D) particle-in-cell (PIC) with Monte Carlo collision (MCC) simulation to calculate plasma transport through a transverse magnetic field in a negative ion source chamber. The presented 1D model includes plasma radial loss treatment when calculating the plasma transport in the axial direction. It does not cost computation effort as much as a 2D or 3D model and can be used to estimate the plasma transport process quickly. The conventional 1D kinetic model calculates particle motion only in the ‘x’-direction. The sidewall loss in the ‘y’ ‘z’ direction is not included, leading to unusual plasma distribution. Especially when applying a transverse magnetic field, the motion and loss of electrons along the magnetic field line to the sidewall are ignored. Thus electrons are completely constrained by the magnetic field, resulting in abnormal plasma density accumulation. The sidewall loss estimation method uses Bohm velocity calculated from plasma parameters as radial loss velocity to obtain the plasma flux to the sidewall. And the sidewall loss rate can be obtained from the flux combined with chamber geometry. This method is integrated into a self-developed 1D PIC–MCC program to examine its effect. Several verification cases are performed separately for the PIC, MCC, and the sidewall loss treatment module, and the results exhibit good reliability. Simulations are then carried out to study plasma transport across the magnetic field under similar conditions to actual experiments. Simulation results agree with the experiment, which indicates that the 1D sidewall loss model is useful when dealing with plasma transport in the source chamber.
Power characteristics of vibration-based piezoelectric energy harvesters: the effect of piezoelectric material nonlinearity
Authors: Lan Chunbo , Qian Feng , Liao Yabin , Zuo Lei
Published: September 2022

Piezoelectric energy harvesting has received tremendous interests in the past two decades as a viable solution to self-powered electronics and devices. Recently, significant emphasis has been given to nonlinear energy harvesters driven by the desire for broadband, high-performance energy harvesting. Numerous efforts have been devoted to the understanding and modeling of the electromechanical coupling and the effect of nonlinearities introduced by mechanical and electrical aspects of the system. However, very few works in the literature considered the effect of piezoelectric material nonlinearity on the system power performance. Nevertheless, it has been found that piezoelectric nonlinearity is significant even at low to moderate excitation level. This paper is motivated to study the power behavior of piezoelectric energy harvesters with piezoelectric nonlinearity, most importantly, the power limit and electromechanical coupling. For this purpose, an approximate model is developed from the nonlinear model in the literature to derive the closed-form expressions of important power characteristics. Analytical analysis shows that the effect of piezoelectric material nonlinearity results in a nonlinear damping term and a nonlinear stiffness term in the approximate model. The approximate solutions of optimal load resistance, maximum power, power limit, and critical electromechanical coupling are obtained and validated by numerical simulations first. The induced nonlinear damping reduces the power limit of the system compared to its linear counterpart. Interestingly, a harvester that exhibits strong electromechanical coupling under small excitation could become weakly coupled under large excitation. The analytical analysis and numerical results are validated by experiments.
Superconducting properties of pseudobinary telluride Chevrel phase Mo4Re2Te8
Authors: Kataria A , Agarwal T , Sharma S , Ali A , Singh R S , Singh R P
Published: September 2022

Unconventional superconductivity in the Chevrel phase (CP) offers a wide structural aspect to understand the superconducting ground state. A detailed investigation of the superconducting properties of Re-based pseudobinary telluride CP Mo4Re2Te8 is reported. It crystallizes in a trigonal structure, with the space group

R

3
ˉ

H

having a superconducting transition temperature at

T
C

=
3.26
(
3
)

 K with a fully gapped superconducting state in the moderate electron–phonon coupling limit.
Mottness induced superfluid phase fluctuation with increased density
Authors: Lang Zi-Jian , Yang Fan , Ku Wei
Published: September 2022

Recent observation of diminishing superfluid phase stiffness upon increasing carrier density in cuprate high-temperature superconductors is unexpected from the quantum density-phase conjugation of superfluidity. Here, through analytic estimation and verified via variational Monte Carlo calculation of an emergent Bose liquid, we point out that Mottness of the underlying carriers can cause a stronger phase fluctuation of the superfluid with increasing carrier density. This effect turns the expected density-increased phase stiffness into a dome shape, in good agreement with the recent observation. Specifically, the effective mass divergence due to ‘jamming’ of the low-energy bosons reproduces the observed nonlinear relation between phase stiffness and transition temperature. Our results suggest a new paradigm, in which unconventional superconductivity in some strongly correlated materials is described by physics of bosonic superfluidity, as opposed to pairing-strength limited Cooper pairing.
DFT calculation of structures and electronic characteristic of VOPO4 polymorphs
Authors: Zheng Lei , Yang Xiaojun , Li Jian , Yang Ruhui , Qu Hengze , Guo Xiangyu , Huang Shiping , Zhang Shengli
Published: September 2022

Vanadyl Phosphate (VOPO4) is an attractive candidate for catalytic materials. Previous works by S. C. Lim, R. Gautier, N. Dupre, et al,have reported that VOPO4 co-exists in seven polymorphs including α
Ι-, α
Ι′-, α
II-, β-, γ-, δ-, ε-, and ω-VOPO4. However, there is no systematic investigation on these seven polymorphs. Here, based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, all these structures, stability and the differences of band structures are compared in detail. The results show that α
Ι-, α
Ι′-, α
II-, β-, γ-, and ε-VOPO4 are indirect bandgap semiconductors, while δ-VOPO4 exhibits a direct band structure and ω-VOPO4 belongs to insulators. Our work can shed light on the perspective of the application of VOPO4.