bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generating Smooth Curves in 3 Dimensions by Minimizing Higher Order Strain Energy Measures
Authors: Adriaenssens Sigrid , Malek Samar , Miki Masaaki , Williams Chris J K
Published: December 2013

Elastic beams or rods in two and three dimensions produce smooth curves by minimizing the strain energy due to classical Euler-Bernoulli bending and Saint-Venant torsion subject to constraints on the arc length and end positions and orientations.

However it is possible to postulate other strain energy measures. In this paper we describe a strain energy measure which is the sum of the square of the rate of change of curvature and the square of the product of the curvature and the Frenet torsion.
Shaping Tension Structures with Actively Bent Linear Elements
Authors: Van Mele Tom , De Laet Lars , Veenendaal Diederik , Mollaert Marijke , Block Philippe
Published: December 2013

To achieve sufficient anticlastic (negative) curvature, membrane structures are tensioned between high and low anchor points, attached to the ground, buildings or poles. By integrating flexible bending elements in the membrane surface, an internal support and shape-defining system is created that provides more freedom in design and allows reducing the amount of external supports compared to traditional membrane structures.

This paper presents a computational framework for form finding of tension structures with integrated, elastically bent, linear elements, based on three-dimensional bending moment vectors and a mixed force density formulation. With an implementation of this framework in CAD modelling software, users can control form and forces by prescribing any combination of force densities, forces, stiffness or lengths to the spline and cable-net elements. Sparse matrix operations are used to compute the resulting equilibrium shapes.

The shape-defining possibilities of integrating ‘bending-active’ elements in tension structures are demonstrated through a series of design studies with various boundary conditions and spline configurations. The presented framework and implementation provide a straightforward method for the design of this hybrid structural system, and, therefore, facilitate its further exploration.
Considerations on the Scaling of Bending-Active Structures
Authors: Lienhard Julian , Knippers Jan
Published: December 2013

Bending-active structures are composed of curved beam or shell elements which base their geometry on the elastic deformation of an initially straight or planar configuration. In bending-active structures the moment of inertia has a direct influence on the residual stress and is therefore limited by a given minimal curvature in the system and the permissible bending stress capacities of the chosen material. These interdependencies may lead to a scaling issue that limit bending-active structures to a certain size range. This range may be widened if the system's reliance on elastic stiffness is compensated by other stiffening factors such as coupling of structural elements and stress stiffening effects.

This paper will analyse the scaling effects in bending-active structures. Some basic systems are studied by means of dimensional analysis and FEM parameter studies to clarify at which power each influencing factor effects scaling. Based on these findings some more complex structures are studied for their scalability. This will offer the basis for some more general conclusions.
Numerical Methods for the Design and Analysis of Hybrid Structures
Authors: Dieringer Falko , Philipp Benedikt , Wüchner Roland , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe
Published: December 2013

Hybrid structures, in general, combine different structural elements or materials. In the context of the present paper, the combination of tensile structures and elastic members (bending active elements) and its effects on the mechanical description of the design process of such structures are discussed. A von-Mises-truss example is used to elaborate the underlying problem of choosing the “correct” reference configuration and the resulting differences between the presented approaches. For lightweight hybrid structures the implications on modelling aspects as well as the structural behaviour are discussed. The developed methods are applied to a real-scale umbrella structure which is part of an on-going research project.
Mechanical form-Finding of the Timber Fabric Structures with Dynamic Relaxation Method
Authors: Nabaei Seyed Sina , Baverel Olivier , Weinand Yves
Published: December 2013

Timber Fabric structures (TFS) initiate from a correspondence between textile principles and recent industrial developments in producing cross laminated timber panels. Several individual timber strips are interlaced according to a pattern and result in an innovative space structure. The obtained three-dimensional geometry can be regarded as the relaxed configuration of deformed panels under the imposed boundary conditions. We herein propose a form-finding procedure, which reproduces this deformed configuration as the steady state of a pseudo transient constrained dynamic problem. The corresponding nonlinear problem involves finite rotation regime and contact handling through the cross section and on both panel faces. To effectively deal with nonlinear constraints, a new modified dynamic relaxation method is herein used which combines elastic material behavior with a fictitious stiffness proportional damping into an equivalent fictitious viscous material model. The procedure is implemented as an ABAQUS/Explicit user subroutine VUMAT and the overall accuracy of the numerical results has been studied for a number of geometrically nonlinear shell benchmark problems. This numerical approach is then employed to simulate the assembly process for a Timber Fabric Module (TFM), an interlaced assembly of two timber strips. The simulated geometry for the deformed surfaces is then extracted and is compared with a 3D processed surface mesh obtained from scanning a built-in prototype with noncontact Laser scanner arm to validate the simulation procedure.
Computational Strategies for the Architectural Design of Bending Active Structures
Authors: Nicholas Paul , Tamke Martin
Published: December 2013

Active bending introduces a new level of integration into the design of architectural structures, and opens up new complexities for the architectural design process. In particular, the introduction of material variation reconfigures the design space. Through the precise specification of their stiffness, it is possible to control and pre-calibrate the bending behaviour of a composite element. This material capacity challenges architecture's existing methods for design, specification and prediction. In this paper, we demonstrate how architects might connect the designed nature of composites with the design of bending-active structures, through computational strategies. We report three built structures that develop architecturally oriented design methods for bending-active systems using composite materials. These projects demonstrate the application and limits of the introduction of advanced engineering simulation into an architectural workflow, and the extension of architecture's existing physics-based approaches.
Materials for Actively-Bent Structures
Authors: Kotelnikova-Weiler N. , Douthe C. , Hernandez E. Lafuente , Baverel O. , Gengnagel C. , Caron J-F
Published: December 2013

Active bending structures need materials with specific mechanical properties such as large admissible strain and sufficiently high stiffness to prevent buckling. This paper proposes to investigate the materials that could be used following Ashby's selection method. Then it focuses on the most affordable materials which are glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP) and natural fibre reinforced polymers (NFRP). As the initial selection is based on short term characteristics, the long term behaviour of fibre reinforced polymers is then addressed based on recent durability studies which are needed to ensure the performance, reliability and safety of a structure. It is shown that, depending on the loading type (tension, bending, torsion, alone or in combination…) and on the nature of the components (fibres, matrix and interfaces), the material undergoes several phenomena reducing its mechanical performances and potentially leading to its failure. Finally, this knowledge of the materials, which allows for a better understanding of the specific relation between the material and the active bending structures, is used to give a framework for stress limitations and recommendations for further optimisation of reliable structures.
Numerical Assessment of Plenums Intersected by Four Baffles Using the Boundary Element Method, Genetic Algorithm, and Neural Networks
Authors: Chiu Min-Chie , Chang Ying-Chun
Published: December 2013

There has been much research on partitioned plenums in the industrial field. However, maximum noise reduction of a plenum within a constrained space, which frequently occurs in engineering problems, has been neglected. Therefore, the optimum design of multi-chamber plenums becomes essential. In this paper, five-chamber plenums intersected by four baffles within a fixed space are assessed. In order to select the appropriate design parameter sets used in the shape optimization of a five-chamber plenum, three kinds of design parameter sets (Case I: L1* and L2*; Case II: L1** and L2**; Case III: L1***, L2***, and L3***) are proposed.

In order to simplify the shape optimization of plenums intersected by multiple baffles, a simplified objective function (OBJ) is established by linking the boundary element model (BEM, developed using SYSNOISE) with a polynomial neural network fitted with a series of real data - input design data (baffle dimensions) and output data approximated by BEM data in advance. Before optimization is performed, accuracy of the boundary element method (BEM) for a one-chamber and three-chamber plenum is checked using analytical and experimental data and found to be accurate. To assess the optimal plenums, a genetic algorithm (GA) is adopted. Consequently, optimal results reveal that the depths of the two upper baffles and the two lower baffles play essential roles in minimizing the noise level of the lower frequencies (400∼800 Hz). Moreover, the horizontal span of the baffles will influence the acoustical performance of the higher frequencies (1200 Hz and above).
Noise Sensitivity and Multiple Chemical Sensitivity
Authors: Heinonen-Guzejev Marja , Koskenvuo Markku , Mussalo-Rauhamaa Helena , Vuorinen Heikki S. , Heikkilä Kauko , Kaprio Jaakko
Published: December 2013

Noise sensitivity is a personality trait covering attitudes to noise in general. Multiple chemical sensitivity (MCS) is the most commonly used label for clinical chemical intolerance. This study aimed to investigate if the Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale and Quick Environmental Exposure and Sensitivity Inventory's (QEESI) Chemical Intolerance Subscale differentiate noise sensitivity and MCS as different entities. In 2002, 327 individuals (166 men, 161 women; age range 45–66 years) from the Finnish Twin Cohort answered a questionnaire. Factor analyses of the questionnaire items indicated the presence of three factors - Noise Sensitivity, Chemical Sensitivity, and Ability to Concentrate factors. Among all subjects, the Noise Sensitivity Factor was associated with neuroticism and smoking, and the Chemical Sensitivity Factor was associated with allergies and alcohol use. The study indicates that the Weinstein's Noise Sensitivity Scale and QEESI's Chemical Intolerance Subscale differentiate noise sensitivity and MCS as different entities.
Influence of Near-Fault Ground Motions on the Response of Base-Isolated Reinforced Concrete Buildings considering Seismic Pounding
Authors: Pant Deepak R. , Wijeyewickrema Anil C.
Published: December 2013

Performance of base-isolated buildings subjected to near-fault ground motions containing long-period pulses is of increasing concern, because these ground motions have the potential to impose large seismic demands on structures. A review of previous studies on the performance evaluation of base-isolated reinforced concrete (RC) buildings under near-fault ground motions shows that these studies lack in the consideration of seismic pounding and the use of lower bound and upper bound values of isolator properties according to the current state of practice. Accordingly, in this study the performance of a typical four-story base-isolated RC building is evaluated using a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element model, considering bounding values of isolator properties, to investigate the influences of (i) pulse-like nature of near-fault ground motions and (ii) seismic pounding with retaining walls at the base. Two sets of ground motions containing 14 far-fault non-pulse-like ground motions and 14 near-fault pulse-like ground motions, representing the risk-targeted maximum considered earthquake (MCER), are used. It is found that the response indicators of the building under near-fault motions are significantly larger than those under far-fault motions. Analysis results reveal that the building response indicators are significantly increased due to seismic pounding. Nonetheless, if a bounding analysis is conducted, consideration of seismic pounding in the analysis does not have appreciable consequences on the prediction of damage to structural elements and drift-sensitive nonstructural components, while dramatic increase in floor accelerations due to pounding is critical for acceleration-sensitive nonstructural components.
A Mechanistic 1D Finite Element Model for Nonlinear Analysis of FRP-Strengthened Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Valipour Hamid R. , Foster Stephen
Published: December 2013

An efficient frame finite element (FE) is developed and applied for nonlinear analysis of reinforced concrete beams flexurally strengthened with externally bonded fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) strips/plates. The developed nonlinear model is able to capture different failure modes associated with concrete crushing and cracking, yielding of steel, FRP rupture and intermediate crack-induced debonding of FRP sheets/plates. The element is formulated using force interpolation concept and a simple approach based on application of discrete springs and linear interpolation of bond forces along the element axis is adopted to take account of shear-slip. The developed formulation and analytical tool are employed to predict the loading capacity and the load-deflection response of reinforced concrete beams strengthened with FRP and the numerically simulated responses agree well with the corresponding experimental results. The major features of this frame element are its simplicity and efficiency compared with more complex FEs which makes it a suitable tool for practical use in design-oriented parametric studies.
Failure Mode and Ultimate Bearing Capacity of Precast Ribbed Panels Used for Concrete Composite Slabs
Authors: Zhang Jingshu , Yao Yuan , Zhou Xuhong , Yang Yuanlong , Wang Yanzhong
Published: December 2013

Inverted T-shaped precast ribbed panels are used as single-span simply supported bottom plates in concrete composite slabs. The panels have regularly distributed holes in the ribs; therefore they are not only convenient for pipeline layout, but also work well with cast-in-situ concrete layer. An experiment of precast ribbed panels was carried out under out-plane vertical static loading; it was found that the panels were damaged due to concrete shear failure between rib holes near supports. This is different from mid-span bending failure observed in similar experiment by other scholars. The main reason is related to size effect of concrete shear plane. Then, finite element simulation was performed by using commercial software ABAQUS to model the failure mode and bearing capacity of the panel under out-plane vertical static loading, the numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, an equilibrium method was proposed to estimate the ultimate bearing capacity for mid-span bending failure and concrete shear failure, respectively. Finally, parametric analysis with the equilibrium method was done to investigate influences of concrete strength and cross sectional dimension on the mechanical behavior of the precast ribbed panels. Compared with the test data and the finite element results, it is concluded that the proposed equilibrium method can predict the failure mode and ultimate bearing capacity of precast ribbed panels.
A Semi-Analytical Model of Cyclic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Joints Rehabilitated with FRP
Authors: Mukherjee Abhijit , Jain Kamal Kant
Published: December 2013

This paper presents a semi-analytical model for damaged reinforced concrete (RC) beam-column joints that are restored with fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). Constituent materials are characterized by their stress-strain curves. Confinement to concrete offered by the FRP is discussed. Stress-strain behavior of control and yielded steel bars and FRP laminate are presented. Material properties are utilized to develop the cross-sectional model in the form of moment-curvature ( M-φ) relationships. Effect of confinement and longitudinal FRP reinforcement on moment-curvature relationships is discussed. Cross sectional properties are extended to obtain the load-displacement relationships of the beam-column joints. A softening model is developed to incorporate the progressive damage of the joint. Variations of softening coefficient with displacement cycles, displacement history and confinement are reported. Models presented are validated using experimental results.
Numerical Simulation of Column-End Damages of Reinforced Concrete Frames Caused by 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in China
Authors: Zhou Hua , Xu Xiu , Zheng Fei , Huo Jing
Published: December 2013

This paper aims to investigate into the reasons for the widespread column-end damages of reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings caused by the 2008 China Wenchuan earthquake. A six-story office building is used as the prototype building, and ten RC frames under different combinations of Seismic Intensity and Seismic Category are designed for the prototype building in accordance with the Chinese codes. Two joints of the second floor of each frame are selected for calculating the column-to-beam flexural strength ratio (CBSR), and the effects of the following four factors on the CBSR during a strong earthquake are analyzed: (1) the detailing practice of beam longitudinal reinforcement adopted in China; (2) slab participation in beam flexure; (3) reduction of joint concrete strength; and (4) variation of column axial force. The numerical results of CBSR indicate that the code requirement for the “strong column-weak beam” design in China is not sufficient for the RC frames designed for a Seismic Intensity of 0.2 g or lower to avoid column-end damages during a strong earthquake. Suggestions are made for improving the “strong column-weak beam” design of RC frames in China.
Determining the Optimal Structural Target Reliability of a Structure with a Minimal Life-Cycle Cost Perspective
Authors: Kim Sang-Hyo , Choi Moon-Seock , Cho Kwang-Il , Park Se-Jun
Published: December 2013

This study presents a methodology for determining the optimal target reliability of a civil structure using the life-cycle cost (LCC) concept. The relationship between the reliability index and the estimated LCC is analyzed in order to find optimal target reliability. As a simple explanation of the method, the study uses steel bridges as an example. The analysis reveals that the LCC of steel bridges has great influence on target reliability, especially when the bridges have many lanes and long spans. It is also ascertained that higher target reliability is required to minimize the LCC when the number of lanes or average daily traffic (ADT) increases. Reliability analyses considering various traffic conditions were also conducted to observe changes in structural reliability with regard to such conditions. After the optimal target reliability is determined, target reliability adjustment can be performed. The analysis results show that the target reliability index can be adjusted consistently within the appropriate ranges by modifying the resistance factor in a limit state equation. In the last part of the study, an example bridge case study was performed to confirm the possibility of practical application of the presented method.
Shape Determination and Static Experimental Study of Double Inner and Outer Latticed Shell String Structure
Authors: Yao Yun-Long , Dong Shi-Lin , Ma Guang-Ying
Published: December 2013

A new type of space structure called the double inner and outer latticed shell string structure, which can reduce the space occupied by the roof and be laid easily using a rigid roofing material, is proposed. Numerical algorithm for shape determination of this new space structure is introduced and some suggestions for improvement are put forward. One example is investigated and the results confirm the validity of the above method. Finally, a model experiment based on a practical engineering application is introduced. Experimental results are compared with those of the finite element numerical analysis and results show that the theoretical value and the experimental value match well, which reveals that the model design, loading scheme and measuring plan meets experimental requirements. The internal forces and the structure deformation vary linearly for full span load cases, which reveals that the double inner and outer latticed shell string structure has an excellent load-carrying capacity and structural rigidity, and has broad application prospects.
Development and Empirical Examination of a Model of Factors Influencing Coaches Provision of Autonomy-Support
Authors: Iachini Aidyn L.
Published: December 2013

Grounded in self-determination theory, the purpose of this study was to develop and empirically test a comprehensive model of factors hypothesized to influence coaches' provision of autonomy-support. These ten factors included ego-involvement, self-determination, motivation efficacy, game strategy efficacy, technique efficacy, character-building efficacy, athletes' intrinsic motivation, athletes' competence, external pressure, and stress. Using a cross-sectional study design, 396 high school coaches completed a survey either online or via paper-and-pencil. Data from respondents with complete data ( n=304) were analyzed using structural equation modeling. Fit indices provided support for both the measurement and structural model. Twenty-nine percent of the variance in autonomy-support was explained by the predictors in the model. External pressure was a significant negative predictor of coaches' autonomy supportive behaviors. Overall, findings from this study suggest a key intervention target for the promotion of autonomy-supportive interactional styles between coaches and athletes.
Volunteer Sport Coaches and Their Learning Dispositions in Coach Education
Authors: Griffiths Mark A. , Armour Kathleen M.
Published: December 2013

There is agreement in the literature that dispositions act as mediating factors in directing the cognitions of individuals. In the context of coach professional development, dispositions direct and energise individuals' interpretations and actions as they engage in a range of learning situations. Drawing data from a study that examined the professional development of 19 volunteer coaches and 2 coach educators in one region of the UK, this study sought to elicit an understanding of coaches' dispositions towards coach learning. Findings indicated that coaches' dispositions of intentionality (e.g., inquisitiveness, attentiveness and open-mindedness) and reciprocity (e.g., readiness to engage with others, ask questions, willingness to accommodate alternative perspectives) arbitrated their engagement with any formal development activity. There is, therefore, a clear role for coach educators and governing bodies to consider how materials, pedagogies and assessment tools are developed that serve to facilitate, confirm or challenge coaches' learning dispositions towards professional development activities.
Influence of Ball Position on Playing Space in Spanish Elite Women's Football Match-Play
Authors: Zubillaga Asier , Gabbett Tim J. , Fradua Luis , Ruiz-Ruiz Carlos , Caro Óscar , Ervilla Raúl
Published: December 2013

The aims of this study were to examine the playing area in female football matches according to the position of the ball. We investigated: 1) the space between the two offside lines (the length), 2) the width, 3) the distance from the least advanced defender to the goal line in defensive activity, 4) the distance from the least advanced attacker to her goal line in attacking activity, 5) the distance between the goalkeeper and her nearest attacking team mate, and 6) the distance between the goalkeeper and her nearest defending team mate. With these measurements we were also able to obtain 7) the individual playing area used during female professional football matches. Data were collected during Spanish matches and notated post-event using the Amisco® system. A total of 2756 game situations were coded from four games. The distribution of players was significantly (p<0.001) wider and shallower when the ball was in the central areas of the field (37.07 m × 43.84 m “zone 3” and 36.36 m × 42.82 m “zone 4”) than when the ball was in a “building up play” zone (43.31 m × 39.24 m “zone 1”), and the finishing and scoring zone (48.14 m × 39.80 m “zone 6”). The values obtained for the individual playing area varied between 77.91 m2 and 96m2. The players stood further from the goals depending on the position of the ball. The spaces at the back of the defensive line changed from 45.75 m to 6.90 m (to the goal line) depending on the position of the ball. In addition, the spaces at the back of the less advanced attacking line changed from 16.45 m to 52.24 m, depending on the position of the ball. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in playing spaces between all zones. The results show that the spaces were significantly different depending on the ball position. Changes in playing space are presented as an important factor to consider when designing game-specific training activities for female football.
Efficiency in Transfer from the Anchored to Standard Golf Putter
Authors: Guadagnoli Mark , Aylsworth B. Justin
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this paper is to explain the science behind motor skill transfer and describe a specific method for transferring from the long to the standard putter. The Challenge Point Framework for Motor Learning is used as the basis to describe the process of learning a new skill or for transferring from one skill to another, and is used to describe how this process can be significantly improved. Specific steps are prescribed that will significantly enhance the stress resistant learning and greatly increase one's potential to transfer from an anchored to standard putter with maximal efficiency.
Electromyographic Analysis of Trunk Muscles during the Golf Swing Performed with Two Different Clubs
Authors: Marta Sérgio , Silva Luis , Vaz João , Bruno Paula , Pezarat-Correia Pedro
Published: December 2013

The aim of this study was to compare the EMG patterns of trunk muscles throughout the golf swing, performed with two different clubs, and also to describe the activity patterns in the average golfer.

Nine male golfers performed ten swings using the pitching wedge and the 4-iron, alternately. Surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded from trunk muscles of both sides: rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), erector spinae (ES) and gluteus maximus (GM). 3D high-speed video analysis was used for determination of golf swing phases. Muscles had their highest activation during the forward swing and acceleration phases. The highest mean activation regarding the maximal EMG (EMGMAX), was found in the right EO (59–67% EMGMAX) and in the GM of the trailing leg (62–72% EMGMAX). In the majority of the cases and phases, trunk muscles showed higher mean values of EMG activation when golfers performed with 4-iron club. However, no club effect was verified in trunk muscles.
An Evaluation of High-Level Player-Reported Measurement of Approach-Iron Shot Distances in Golf
Authors: Robertson Samuel J , Burnett Angus F
Published: December 2013

This study examined the appropriateness of self-report (predicted) data obtained from high-level golfers in tournament play. Twenty-one high-level golfers (mean ± s, handicap = +2.8 ± 1.8) completed one round of 18 holes. For approach-shots to the green on par 4 and 5 holes, three measurements were predicted by each player: a) Distance to Hole, b) Approach Shot Distance and c) Ball to Hole Distance, for on and around the green. A fourth variable, Percent Error Index (PEI) was also determined. Actual distances were measured using a combination of a laser rangefinder and tape measure. A series of accuracy, precision and agreement statistics were calculated. Despite between-distance differences being evident for some measures of precision, both low error and good between-method agreement was found for the four variables examined. Results from this study suggest that high-level golfers can utilise self-report data relating to approach-iron shots in golf.
Planning and modelling of a beach improvement scheme, Poole, UK
Authors: Kemp Jonathan , Brampton Alan
Published: December 2013

The sandy beaches of Poole Bay in Dorset, UK are eroding, in part due to sea level rise. Allowing this shoreline to retreat is impractical and therefore the beach between Sandbanks and Branksome Dene Chine was improved by a recharge scheme during the winter 2005–2006. The coastal defence strategy envisages further recharge schemes at intervals of approximately 10 years to protect the sea walls, so preventing recession of the sandy cliffs behind them. Four preferred schemes were recommended and used for public consultation. These options were then refined using numerical modelling, making different assumptions about how climate change might affect future wave conditions. This modelling showed that no control structures were necessary along the western part of the study frontage. The study finally recommended five new groynes at the eastern end of Poole Borough's coastline. This scheme, which was completed in May 2009, was more modest than originally envisaged, so reducing its costs and its effects on the amenity value and aesthetics of the beaches. Through appropriate application of a numerical model the final scheme selected provided significant cost savings and additional amenity and aesthetic benefits.
The influence of supplement feed preparation on the fatty acid composition of carp and Chironomidae larvae in a semi-intensive production system
Authors: Zivic Ivana , Trbovic Dejana , Zivic M. , Bjelanovic Katarina , Markovic Z.S. , Stankovic M. , Markovic Z.
Published: December 2013

In order to examine how extruded and pelleted feed affects the fatty acid
composition of carp meat and Chironomidae larvae, two-month-old carp
specimens were set in two fishponds (L1 and L2). The fatty acid composition
of extruded and pelleted feed is characterized by a significantly higher
content of ?-3 fatty acids and higher ?-3 to ?-6 fatty acids ratio (?-3/?-6)
in extruded (11.34?0.12% and 0.315?0.005, respectively) compared to pelleted
feed (7.72?0.08%, 0.180?0.001, respectively). The fatty acid composition of
carp meat is characterized by higher ?-3 fatty acid content and ?-3/?-6 in
carp fed with extruded feed (L1, 6.98?0.53% and 0.295?0.022, respectively)
compared to carp fed with extruded feed (L2, 5.46?0.07% and 0.232?0.009,
respectively). Chironomidae larvae from the fishpond L2 had significantly
higher ?-3 fatty acid content (8.22?0.89%), and therefore higher ?-3/?-6
(0.81?0.09) in comparison to Chironomidae from the L1 fishpond where these
parameters were 4.48?0.06% and 0.21?0.01, respectively.
Effects of tannic acid on trypsin and leucine aminopeptidase activities in gypsy moth larval midgut
Authors: Mrdakovic Marija , Peric-Mataruga Vesna , Ilijin Larisa , Vlahovic Milena , Todorovic Dajana , Nenadovic Vera , Lazarevic Jelica
Published: December 2013

The effects of allelochemical stress on genetic variations in the specific
activities of gypsy moth digestive enzymes (trypsin and leucine
aminopeptidase) and relative midgut mass (indirect measure of food
consumption), as well as variability in their plasticity, were investigated
in fifth instar gypsy moths originating from two populations with different
trophic adaptations (oak and locust-tree forests). Thirty-two full-sib
families from the Quercus population and twenty-six full-sib families from
the Robinia population were reared on an artificial diet with or without
supplementation with tannic acid. Between population differences were
observed as higher average specific activity of trypsin and relative midgut
mass in larvae from the Robinia population. Significant broad-sense
heritabilities were observed for the specific activity of trypsin in the
control state, and for specific activity of leucine aminopeptidase in a
stressful environment. Significantly lower heritability for relative midgut
mass was recorded in larvae from the Robinia population reared under
stressful conditions. Significant variability of trypsin plasticity in larvae
from both populations and significant variability of leucine aminopeptidase
plasticity in larvae from the Robinia population point to the potential for
the evolution of enzyme adaptive plastic responses to the presence of
stressor. Non-significant across-environment genetic correlations do not
represent a constraint for the evolution of enzyme plasticity.
Monitoring the progressive increase of the longest episode of spontaneous movements in Guinea pig fetus
Authors: Sekulic S. , Kekovic G. , Filipovic Danka , Drapsin M. , Podgorac Jelena , Martac Ljiljana , Novakov-Mikic Aleksandra
Published: December 2013

The aim of this work was to determine the changes in the duration of
spontaneous movements in the guinea pig fetus after the appearance of its
first movements. Every day from the 25th to the 35th gestation day, one fetus
from each of twenty pregnant animals was examined by ultrasound. Fetal
movements were observed for 5 min. The episode with the longest period of
movement was taken into consideration and was recorded as: <1 s, 1-3 s, and
>3 s. Days 25 and 26 were characterized by episodes lasting <1 s; days 29 to
31 were dominated by episodes lasting 1-3 s, and days 34 and 35 by episodes
lasting >3 s (?2 = 140.51 p <0.05). Tracking the dynamics of progressive
increases in the longest episode of spontaneous movement could be a useful
factor in estimating the maturity and condition of a fetus.
New record of Neogobius fluviatilis (Pallas, 1814) (Gobiidae) in the Danube river basin (Serbia)
Authors: Djikanovic Vesna , Markovic G. , Skoric S.
Published: December 2013

Recently, the growing colonization of allochthonous organisms in the Serbian
section of the Danube River and interconnected ecosystems was observed.
Hydro-morphological changes, such as regulations of the watercourse, have
made this sector suitable for bio-invasions. Two specimens of Neogobius
fluviatilis (Pallas, 1814) (Piscea: Gobidae) were collected on 10 August 2012
from the Zapadna Morava River, below the first dam on the river course. This
is the first record of the sand goby in the watercourse in the central part
of Serbia, as a tributary of the Danube River. Our findings show that the
sand goby has thus far reached not only the main course of the Danube River
but its tributary as well. This freshwater fish was observed for the first
time in the Serbian part of the Danube River in 1986 in Begej locality (1.276
km). There are five Ponto-Caspian goby species in the waters of Serbia.
Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray 1837: A new, alien and potentially invasive species in Serbia
Authors: Vukov Dragana , Jurca Tamara , Rucando M. , Igic Ruzica , Miljanovic B.
Published: December 2013

During field studies of the vegetation in the canal network of the
Hydro-System Danube-Tisa-Danube in Serbia, in 2008, 2011 and 2012,
populations of Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray 1837 were recorded. Cabomba
caroliniana was not previously recorded in the aquatic vegetation in Serbia.
It is a popular aquarium plant native to South America (Brazil, Uruguay,
Paraguay, and northeastern Argentina) and, according to some authors, to
southeastern United States. It was introduced into the rest of the USA,
Canada, Australia, Asia (China, Malaysia, India, Japan), and in many regions
of its new range it is considered an invasive and noxious aquatic weed. In
Europe, it was found in the United Kingdom (introduced to England), Belgium,
the Netherlands, and Hungary. Newly recorded populations in Serbia are
restricted to the canals in Backa. Populations are established only on two
localities (Mali Stapar and Odzaci).
Chthonius (Globochthonius) montis n. sp.: A new epigean pseudoscorpion from Montenegro (Chthoniidae, Pseudoscorpiones)
Authors: Curcic B.P.M. , Dimitrijevic R.N. , Curcic S.B. , Makarov S.E. , Curcic Nina , Tomic V.T. , Ilic B.S.
Published: December 2013

A new endemic epigean pseudoscorpion species from Mt. Orjen, Montenegro, is
presented, described, and illustrated. Its main morphometric characters and
important diagnostic features are analyzed and compared to its closest
congeners.
On some morphological abnormalities in adult fairy shrimp Branchipus schaefferi Fischer, 1834, from Serbia
Authors: Milicic Dragana , Pavkovic-Lucic Sofija , Lucic L.
Published: December 2013

Branchipus schaefferi Fischer, 1834, is a common and one of the most abundant
large branchiopods widely distributed in Europe. In this work, for the first
time, we describe and classify some of the most frequently observed
morphological anomalies in this species. These are deformities in the head
structures as well as in cercopods. Possible causes of such anomalities are
discussed in detail.
Ecophysiological and biochemical traits of three herbaceous plants growing on the disposed coal combustion fly ash of different weathering stage
Authors: Gajic Gordana , Pavlovic P. , Kostic Olga , Jaric Snezana , Djurdjevic Lola , Pavlovic Dragana , Mitrovic Miroslava
Published: December 2013

The ecophysiological and biochemical traits of Calamagrostis epigejos (Roth.)
Festuca rubra L. and Oenothera biennis L. growing on two fly ash lagoons of
different weathering stage (L1-3 years and L2-11 years) of the ?Nikola Tesla-
A? thermoelectric plant (Obrenovac, Serbia) were studied. Species-dependent
variations were observed at the L1 lagoon; the greatest vitality (Fv/Fm and
Fm/Fo) followed by higher photopigment and total phenolic contents were
measured in O. biennis in relation to C. epigejos (p<0.001) and F. rubra
(p<0.001). At the L2 site, higher vitality was found in O. biennis (p<0.001)
and F. rubra (p<0.01) compared to C. epigejos. O. biennis had the highest
photosynthetic capacity. The results obtained in this study indicate that all
examined species maintained a level of photosynthesis that allowed them to
survive and grow under the stressful conditions in ash lagoons, albeit with
lower than optimal success.
Remarks on some trechine ground beetle taxa from the Balkan peninsula (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechini)
Authors: Curcic S.B. , Curcic B.P.M. , Vrbica Maja
Published: December 2013

The purpose of this note is to offer some corrections and supplements to the
paper of Lohaj et al. (2013), to prove the validity of recently described
trechine genera in Serbia, and to comment on other erroneous facts presented
in the analyzed paper. In particular, we will show that the taxonomical
remarks on the genus Duvalius Delarouz?e, 1859, are wrong. The following
genera are clearly delimited and represent valid taxa: Serboduvalius Curcic,
Pavicevic & Curcic, 2001, comb. n., Rascioduvalius Curcic, Brajkovic, Mitic &
Curcic, 2003, comb. n., Curcicia Curcic & Brajkovic, 2003, comb. n., and
Javorella Curcic, Brajkovic & Curcic, 2003, comb. n. The following new
combinations are established for the following Duvalius species:
Serboduvalius gejzadunayi (Lohaj, Cepl?k & Lakota, 2013), comb. n., S.
starivlahi (Gu?orguiev, Curcic & Curcic, 2000), comb. n., S. dragacevensis
Curcic, Pavicevic & Curcic, 2001, comb. n., S. droveniki (Magrini, 1998),
comb. n., Rascioduvalius cvijici (Jeannel, 1923), comb. n., R. stopicensis
(Jeannel, 1923), comb. n., R. zlatiborensis Curcic, Brajkovic & Curcic, 2005,
comb. n., Curcicia bolei (Pretner, 1963), comb. n., Javorella javorensis
Curcic, Brajkovic & Curcic, 2003, comb. n., J. suvoborensis (Pavicevic &
Popovic, 2001), comb. n., and J. suvodolensis Curcic, Brajkovic & Curcic,
2003, comb. n.
Quality and safety of some commercial spices brands
Authors: Blagojevic Slavica , Blagojevic Stevan , Pejic Natasa , Begovic Biljana , Gajinov Spasenka
Published: December 2013

In this study, in order to evaluate the quality and safety of selected
commercial spices brands, contents of moisture and minerals, as well as the
concentration of certain heavy metals (As, Hg and Pb) were determined in
oregano, sweet basil, parsley and celery. The spice samples were subjected to
microwave digestion, and were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometry
(AAS), using hydride generation AAS technique, cold vapor AAS technique, and
graphite furnace AAS technique for determination of As, Hg and Pb,
respectively. Maximum concentrations of As and Pb were determined in the same
brand sample of celery, and are 0.75 ppm and 0.40 ppm, respectively, while
the maximum concentration of Hg in various brands sweet basil samples is 0.05
ppm. According to the results, the contents of moisture and minerals, as well
as the concentrations of heavy metals in all selected spices were below the
maximum permissible limits declared by the national legislations, and are
safe for human consumption.
Osmotic dehydration of pork meat cubes: Response surface method analysis
Authors: Curcic Biljana , Pezo Lato , Levic Ljubinko , Knezevic Violeta , Nicetin Milica , Filipovic Vladimir , Kuljanin Tatjana
Published: December 2013

The main objective was to examine the influence of different osmotic
parameters on the mass transfer kinetics during osmotic treatment of pork
meat (M. triceps brachii). The system?s response parameters observed were:
water loss (WL), solid gain (SG), final dry matter content (DM) and water
activity (aw). The optimum osmotic parameters seem to be: osmotic time of 4
h, molasses solution concentration of 72% and solution temperature of 45oC.
These conditions were determined using Response Surface Methodology (RSM),
and by superimposing the contour plots of each process variable. The
predicted responses for the optimum drying conditions were: DM of 64.5%, WL
in the close vicinity of 0.53, SG about 0.15 and aw in the range of 0.83 to
0.84.
Practical discrimination of good and bad cooked food using metal oxide semiconductor odour sensor
Authors: Essiet Ima , Dan-Isa Ado
Published: December 2013

An increasing concentration of ammonia in cooked food is in direct proportion
to the extent of decay. This fact is used to design an electronic nose
(e-nose) based on metal oxide semiconductor odour sensor circuit capable of
discriminating good and bad cooked food. On the basis of the data produced by
the e-nose circuit, a feedforward multilayer neural network is designed and
trained to recognize varying concentrations of ammonia in the food. Test
results of the prototype e-nose system show that it is capable of classifying
cooked food as being good or bad with over 92% average success rate.
The effect of using the drum detachers in the industrial wheat flour mills
Authors: Fistes Aleksandar , Tanovic Gavrilo
Published: December 2013

The work is concerned with the effects of applying the drum detachers as
flake disrupters in industrial wheat flour mills. The stocks entering and
leaving the drum detachers applied on the different reduction passages in two
industrial mills were intercepted and employed in the experiments. The
changes in the flour release and flour ash content were followed. The results
show that the drum detachers are effective in disrupting the flakes formed in
the smooth roller mills grinding zone. However, the contribution of the drum
detachers to the overall milling efficiency is in close correlation with the
nature of the formed flakes. If the flakes are primarily composed of
endosperm particles, the employment of drum detacher results in a
statistically significant increase of the flour yields without deterioration
of flour quality. If flakes, formed on the end passages of the reduction
system, contain large portion of branny particles, the increase of the flour
ash content following the drum detacher is statistically significant.
The effect of processing parameters on the structure of fermented milk products with transglutaminase addition
Authors: Ilicic Mirela , Milanovic Spasenija , Kanuric Katarina , Vukic Vladimir , Hrnjez Dajana
Published: December 2013

This study is concerned with the effect of concentration of transglutaminase
(TG), content of milk fat and starter culture type (probiotic and kombucha)
on the structure of fermented milk products. The application of TG
significantly improved textural characteristics of the fermented milk
products. The firmness of the samples produced from milk with 0.1g100g-1 and
0.9g100g-1 fat content with probiotic starter were by 33% and 17.6% higher,
respectively, compared to the control samples. During ten days of storage,
the value of the hysteresis loop area of all samples produced from milk with
0.9g100g-1 fat content with TG addition, decreased by 14%.
Review of the occurrence of ochratoxigenic fungal species and ochratoxin A in some agricultural products
Authors: Skrinjar Marija , Veskovic-Moracanin Slavica , Blagojev Nevena , Soso Vladislava , Suturovic Irena
Published: December 2013

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most important and widespread fungal toxic
metabolites, which has been detected in our country for years in feed and
food, mostly originated from plants. It is a very important contaminant of
the plant food commodities in nephropathic areas of the Balkan and
Mediterranean countries, but also in other countries in Europe and worldwide.
This paper reviews the occurrence of OTA-producing fungi and OTA in some
agricultural products (fresh fruits, dried fruits, fruit juices and other
fruit products, vegetable products, wine, vinegar, cereals, mill products,
etc.)
Xerophilic mycopopulations isolated from rapeseeds (Brassica napus)
Authors: Skrinjar Marija , Miklic Vladimir , Kocic-Tanackov Suncica , Jeromela-Marjanovic Ana , Masirevic Stevan , Suturovic Irena , Blagojev Nevena , Soso Vladislava
Published: December 2013

This paper presents the results of an investigation related to mycological
populations of rapeseed samples produced in the Institute of Field and
Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad (location: Rimski Sancevi, Novi Sad), with a
special emphasis on the potentially toxigenic mycopopulations. Mycological
investigations were performed on the samples that were treated with 4%
solution of Na-hypochlorite, and on the ones that were not submitted to this
treatment. Isolation and determination of total mould count was carried out
using Dichloran Glycerol Agar (DG18). The identification of isolated moulds
was done according to modern keys for fungal determination. From 20 untreated
tested samples, 17 were contaminated with moulds (10.0 to 4.7x102 cfu/g).
When the samples were treated with 4% solution of Na-hypochlorite, moulds
were isolated only form 4 samples, and the total mould count ranged from 10.0
to 60.0 cfu/g. In the isolated mycopopulations, xerophilic moulds dominated,
especially those from the genera Aspergillus, Eurotium and Penicillium. In
the isolated mycopopulations, high degree of isolated species belonged to
toxigenic species from the genera Alternaria, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Eurotium
and Penicillium.