bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre imagem e veículo simbólico
Authors: Pereira Hugo Silveira
Published: June 2024

A partir da segunda metade do século XIX, duas tecnologias foram implementadas e desenvolvidas em Portugal: a fotografia e a ferrovia. Neste artigo, analiso as interações entre ambas em oito álbuns fotográficos que retratam a construção, operação e aspetos diversos de linhas-férreas portuguesas construídas entre 1872 e 1914: Minho, Douro, Beira Alta (dois álbuns), Tua, Salamanca à fronteira portuguesa, Norte (construção da ponte Maria Pia) e Vouga. Partindo da bibliografia existente sobre fotografia ferroviária, revisito algumas das suas conclusões e adiciono reflexões sobre a fotografia como instrumento de apropriação territorial e de criação de paisagens, bem como sobre a sua dimensão material, enquanto veículo que transporta ideologia, representações e lugares. Contribuo para o debate sobre o uso da fotografia como fonte primária (e não apenas como um acessório ilustrativo) e para um apelo a um maior uso desta fonte na análise historiográfica, sobretudo no campo da história dos transportes.
Pobreza menstrual, discurso e identidade de gênero no contexto de pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Gomes Maria Carmen Aires
Published: June 2024

O objetivo deste texto é apresentar e problematizar como a tramitação do gênero discursivo Projeto de Lei 388, de 16 de junho de 2021, proposto pela então vereadora Erika Hilton (PSOL), no município de São Paulo, sobre a criação do programa municipal de distribuição de absorventes, em relação aos outros gêneros (cadeia de gêneros) – texto substitutivo, emenda e justificativas – evidenciou não só disputas discursivas como também disputas pelo saber-poder em torno das discussões sobre identidade de gênero e direitos sociais e humanos, mostrando que as práticas sociolegislativa e executiva estão enredadas em práticas políticas, ativistas, jurídicas, técnicas, partidárias com a confrontação de poderes causais de distintos agentes sociais.
El orgullo de ser mujer mapuche: evaluación en la construcción discursiva de la identidad étnica en mujeres mapuche profesionales urbanas
Authors: Matus Evelyn
Published: June 2024

El presente estudio busca comprender las evaluaciones y posicionamientos presentes en la construcción de la identidad étnica de mujeres mapuche profesionales urbanas. El análisis se presenta desde los Estudios Críticos de Discurso y con base teórica en la Lingüística Sistémico Funcional (Halliday, 2003; Halliday y Matthiessen, 2014) a partir de las herramientas analíticas del sistema de VALORACIÓN (Martin y White, 2005; Ngo y Unsworth, 2015; Oteíza y Pinuer, 2019) con el fin de indagar en los significados interpersonales. El enfoque se presenta en el subsistema de COMPROMISO (Martin y White, 2005; White, 2010, 2021; Oteíza y Pinuer, 2019; Oteíza, 2021) para explorar los posicionamientos en relación a la identidad étnica. La metodología es cualitativa y la técnica de recopilación de datos es la entrevista en profundidad. El corpus consiste en seis entrevistas realizadas a mujeres mapuche seleccionadas con los siguientes criterios: género femenino, autoidentificación con el pueblo mapuche, apellido mapuche, estudios terciarios finalizados y residencia en la urbe. Los principales resultados muestran que la construcción discursiva de la identidad étnica en los discursos de mujeres mapuche profesionales urbanas está determinada por afectos de orgullo. Estos afectos son configurados por los posicionamientos y aspectos presentes en los discursos que se organizan en torno a las fuentes de las valoraciones en la dicotomía mapuche /no mapuche (sociedad chilena). Los aspectos evaluados positivamente son ‘el ser mapuche’ que se conforma a través de la conexión con la cultura y el conocimiento ancestral, así como también la ‘fuerza’ y ‘tenacidad’ del pueblo mapuche. En contraposición, las fuentes no mapuches presentan valoraciones negativas que grafican el rechazo y la discriminación vividos por estas mujeres por parte de la sociedad chilena.
Morfologia urbana de Salvador, BA: uma análise sobre a segregação espacial
Authors: Dias Gomes Julia , Couto Mello Marcia Maria
Published: June 2024

Este artigo oferece uma análise sobre a morfologia urbana de Salvador, Bahia, destacando as questões da segregação espacial que moldam a cidade. O estudo examina a estrutura física e a organização espacial de Salvador, abordando como esses fatores influenciam na segregação socioeconômica da cidade. Este trabalho objetiva em investigar de que forma a configuração da segregação socioespacial pode influenciar sobre as relações entre estratos sociais distintos. Partindo dessa premissa, busca-se realizar a análise espacial, utilizando como ferramenta o programa de computação Space Sintax . Os resultados permitem uma visualização sobre como os diferentes padrões de configuração e a caracterização dos setores socioeconômicos revelam a leitura da morfologia urbana sobre a segregação em Salvador.
Violencia y desarrollo urbano
Authors: Guarnizo Sánchez Néstor Andrés , Ariza Rodríguez Misael Fernando , Perdomo Neiza María Fernanda
Published: June 2024

La violencia urbana se convierte en un desafío global que plantea un obstáculo significativo para el desarrollo sostenible y equitativo de las ciudades. En ese contexto, este artículo ofrece un análisis exhaustivo sobre la interrelación entre la ausencia de planificación urbana y el foco de violencia en el sector denominado La Cumbre en la ciudad de Floridablanca, Santander. Se examina de forma cualitativa y descriptiva desde cuatro componentes las problemáticas urbanas que inciden en la violencia. A través de esta comprensión profunda de los obstáculos territoriales y sociales, se pretende proporcionar reflexiones significativas que ayuden a definir las causas de la violencia en el entorno urbano. Estos factores pueden incluir aspectos físicos, como la infraestructura, el diseño urbano, la calidad del espacio público y la seguridad. Este estudio proporciona una base sólida para comprender cómo la comunidad percibe y describe su territorio de una manera más inclusiva y centrada en las necesidades de los residentes.
Extensión - Categoría A
Authors: VV. AA.
Published: June 2024

Premio ARQUISUR Extensión - Categoría A
Los trabajos presentados al Premio ARQUISUR Extensión son aquellos proyectos –en ejecución o ejecutados–, cuyo impacto pueda ser verificado, llevados a cabo por equipos disciplinarios e interdisciplinarios constituidos por alumnos, docentes y/o graduados, con el fin de permitir la integración, articulación y fortalecimiento de las distintas áreas disciplinares de las Universidades, así como la transferencia al medio de los conocimientos científicos, tecnológicos y culturales disponibles, como sistema de retroalimentación de la actividad académica.
La Categoría A contiene trabajos que incorporan el vínculo con la comunidad y se desarrollan en el marco de Actividades Curriculares durante un lapso acotado dentro del ciclo académico (mes-es, trimestre-s, cuatrimestre-s, etc.).
EXPLORING COMPOSITE LAMINATED BAMBOO LUMBER TO SUBSTITUTE DIMENSIONAL LUMBER
Authors: Rittironk Supreedee
Published: June 2024

In upcoming sustainability trend, new materials are in the ongoing search. Bamboo has become one of them, due to its renewability. Bamboo is seen to have varied properties from different species. With the advanced engineering technology, bamboo pieces are able to put together into solid lumber in a form of laminated bamboo lumber (LBL). This makes laminated bamboo having greater mechanical properties. Yet to make LBL to perform better, the experiment to explore LBL to be composited with other strong materials. LBL are composited with aluminum and steel sheets. Both Glue lamination and steel bolt through are two different forms of bonding. There are four beam prototypes, plus a plain LBL. All beams are tested using the universal testing machine in engineering lab, in the 4-point simply supported beam format. The test result seems to be a twist with all efforts to strengthen. It is overall a great improvement in loading capacity of all composite beams, comparing to wood lumber. The best performance is plain LBL beam, due to the monolithic nature. Both metal composites were delaminated at bottom of beams and at vertical lamination. Nuts and bolts composite beams perform less than glued laminates alone, because of stiffness differences at top and bottom of beams. The key to this research is about lamination nature that should be made of materials that are compatible and do not create much strength differences. Lastly, bamboo composites are still to further develop. Composite LBL is still potential materials to substitute wood lumber.
INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS FOR REMOVAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL CONTAMINANTS FROM WATER SOURCES
Authors: Meghea Irina , Lesnic Mihai , Manea-Saghin Ana-Maria
Published: June 2024

The waste derived from pharmaceutical products represent a huge worldwide problem. The aim of this paper is to describe, analyze and compare some depollution procedures for such kind of contaminants and to highlight their advantages and disadvantages from various points of view in order to propose concrete cleaning solutions. Classical methods used for contaminant removal from wastewaters in wastewater treatment plants (WTP) and from drinkable water in treatment plants (TP) do not satisfactorily reduce the content of pharmaceutical pollutants (PhP). After an extended analysis of many factors which can be involved in the treatment efficiency, this paper proposes some rehabilitation solutions for existent TP and WTP by adding to the conventional technologies, some operations of advanced treatment. These advanced operations are filtration through semipermeable membranes, i.e., microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), nanofiltration (NF), reverse osmosis (RO), advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), i.e., ozonation, H2O2, adsorption on activated carbon (AC). Statistical procedures are applied to compare these removal methods for such type of pollutants and to prove their efficacy. In this context, it is demonstrated that multivariate statistical techniques, combined with water quality indices represent a viable combination to perform accurate monitoring and spatiotemporal analysis of water quality assessment. This work presents concrete solutions for TP rehabilitation in order to comply with regulations in force related to PhP.
AGILE TEAM COMMUNICATION IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: A SURVEY-BASED APPROACH
Authors: Kunkcu Handan , Koc Kerim , Gurgun Asli Pelin
Published: June 2024

Agility is a concept that provides new opportunities for proper management of construction projects. Since little is known about role of communication in agile project management, focusing specifically on the concept of communication to improve agile project practices would be beneficial. Communication plays a central role in project team development and increasing relationship quality with stakeholders. This study aims to evaluate factors measuring agile communication addressed in existing literature using a questionnaire survey. To achieve the study objective, data were collected from civil engineers working in various construction projects. Then, relative importance index (RII) was used to analyze data gathered from the respondents. The findings indicate that the significant role of face-to-face communication to convey information and continuous interaction of the client in the project execution process were the most important indicators of agile project communication, respectively. The study findings are expected to aid improving the agile communication practices, and eventually contributing to the adoption of agile solutions for professionals in the construction industry.
DESIGN FOR MANUFACTURING AND ASSEMBLY (DfMA) – WHAT AFFECTS ITS ADOPTION IN THE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS?
Authors: SHEN LIZ LZ , Wong Peter SP , Too Eric
Published: June 2024

There is a consensus among industry leaders and scholars that the construction sector will lose its competitive advantages if its lethargy to adopt Industry 4.0 technologies continues. As a response, the construction industry has been advocating the more extensive use of the Design for Manufacturing and Assembly (DfMA) in projects. Research studies on this topic mainly reported technological advancement but rarely addressed the factors that lead to the development of positive organizational behavior towards the implementation of DfMA. A systematic literature review will be adopted to achieve the research aims. A total number of 18 behavioral traits were identified through the method, including client's interest, stakeholders support, availability of DfMA related resources, companies' capability, early involvement of all parties in design, development of DfMA-friendly procurement approach, the use of digital technology, government involvement, etc. The findings will shed light on DfMA adoption on behavioral aspects for global DfMA adoption in the construction industry.
LESSONS LEARNT FROM SOIL IMPROVEMENT CASE STUDIES
Authors: Ahmad Syed Faiz
Published: June 2024

In Saudi Arabia two methods of soil improvement have been customarily employed. They are soil improvement by means of stone columns, and soil improvement by means of controlled modulus columns, that is CMC. Each of these methods have their own challenges to offer. Experience has shown that the sub-surface geology of the coastal areas of Saudi Arabia are marked with deep layers of poor soil termed locally as sabkha soil. Test results have determined that sabkha soil is known to have low shear strength, high soil compressibility, and high concentration of chlorides and sulphates which are corrosive to concrete, steel, and other construction materials. Design of foundations over a sabkha deposit remains a challenge and requires soil improvement. The CMC installation utilizes reverse flight augers, which displaces the soil laterally. However, it offers a huge challenge of post-operation trimming and cutting of CMCs. for stone columns, soil is removed during the drilling operation creating environmental issue. It also offers challenges as the huge impact during its operation are likely to damage the underground utilities. The environmental issues thus created can pose yet other challenge. This research paper is a case study that collates the experiences of soil improvement methods employed on a project in Saudi Arabia – vis-à-vis their advantages and the challenges encountered.
AN EXPLORATION OF PASIFIKA MULTIGENERATIONAL SOCIAL HOUSING
Authors: Fistonich Ian , Kiroff Lydia
Published: June 2024

This research explores Pasifika multigenerational social housing, defined as the cohabitation of three or more generations. With nearly a quarter of the Pasifika population residing in such extended family situations, the study aims to scrutinize whether the current social housing infrastructure adequately meets their needs. The research, which employed a case study approach, focused on a Pasifika Community Housing provider working predominantly with Pasifika as a cohort and operating large numbers of social housing properties across Auckland. Document analysis and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders were the main data collection methods. The results suggest a significant misalignment between existing multigenerational housing structures and the actual needs of the Pasifika community. The interview data indicates that the current housing framework falls short of meeting the unique requirements of Pasifika households, hence necessitating a redesign of multigenerational housing to align with the diverse lifestyles and preferences of its occupants. The study highlights the inadequacy of a ‘one size fits all’ approach, emphasizing the need for tailor-made designs reflective of the communities residing in multigenerational housing. In conclusion, policymakers should consider a more inclusive and culturally sensitive approach to the design and implementation of Pasifika multigenerational housing solutions in New Zealand.
OPTIMIZING FINE AGGREGATE AND CEMENT REPLACEMENT WITH STONE DUST: IMPACT ON CONCRETE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH
Authors: Kabashi Naser , Krasniqi Enes , Muhaxheri Milot
Published: June 2024

The utilization of stone dust in concrete presents a promising avenue for reducing environmental impact through decreased dependence on traditional fine aggregate and cement components, primarily focusing on the properties of fresh and hardened concrete. This study delves into the direct integration of stone dust sourced from stone companies, particularly as random samples collected during the sawing phase of stone manufacturing. Through meticulous analysis, the replacement of stone dust is thoroughly examined to assess its influence on the fresh and hardened characteristics of concrete, aiming to optimize the mix for superior performance. Experimental investigations reveal that quarry dust can effectively substitute for fine aggregate and cement, albeit with the caveat that a comprehensive chemical analysis of the stone dust is imperative prior to integration to ensure compatibility with the concrete mix. Moreover, the study quantifies the compressive strength of concrete across varying percentages of stone dust, evaluating its impact on the concrete class. By analyzing replacement percentages ranging from 5% to 12.5% for fine aggregate and optimal cement replacement, the research explores mix design preparation, fresh property assessments, and hardened concrete sample evaluations, with a particular focus on compressive strength comparisons against reference concrete formulations.
FLASH FLOODS: RISK ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION
Authors: AlSamahi Soughah , Gouda Hazem , Amir Sana , Alghezawi Asdam
Published: June 2024

In recent years, United Arab Emirates has experienced several flash flood events and extreme cyclonic events that resulted in flooding various parts of the country. This in return raised concerns on the preparedness of the infrastructure to such events considering the damage caused by them. Roads were blocked from the excessive rainfall water leading to heavy traffic jams, houses were drowned and cars were swept away. Therefore, an in-depth study was performed on a selected area of interest in the city of Ras Al-Khaimah (UAE) to explore the risks associated with flash flood events and to propose solutions for flood management. Hydrological and hydraulic models were used to simulate precipitation runoffs and calculate flood magnitudes in order to plan and design new flood control and hydraulic structures. Using the output of the hydrologic and hydraulic models, a dam and a protection channel were proposed as possible solutions to resolve flood issues in the selected area. It was concluded that with proper hydrologic modelling, flash floods can be managed to a great extent and damage to the infrastructure can be minimized. It is even more important in context of climate change that such modelling techniques should be part of urban planning and design of infrastructure drainage systems for areas that are prone to heavy rainfall and floods.
FIRE RESPONSE OF CIRCULAR RC COLUMNS STRENGTHENED WITH PBO FRCM
Authors: Abed Farid , Khalaf Salem , ElRefai Ahmed
Published: June 2024

The use of externally bonded fiber-reinforced system, specifically fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) system, has increased over the past decades due to their demonstrated efficacy in enhancing the structural integrity of various RC members. However, the vulnerability of FRP systems to elevated temperatures has raised a major concern and led researchers to explore different strengthening systems. This paper investigates the fire performance of circular RC columns strengthened with poly-paraphenylene-ben-zobisoxazole (PBO) fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) system. Four identical columns were cast, three of which were strengthened with varying number of layers of PBO-FRCM. The fire exposure followed ASTM E119 standards. The temperature response curves were analyzed, and post-fire conditions were assessed. Initially, columns with a greater number of PBO-FRCM layers exhibited significantly lower temperatures. As the fire exposure time increased, FRCM strengthened columns experienced more significant spalling than the control column, where the reinforcement was visible from all sides. This excessive concrete spalling resulted in matching temperature readings in both the strengthened and non-strengthened columns.
PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF DERIVATIVE-FREE OPTIMIZATION METHODS
Authors: Miah Mohammad Shamim , Lienhart Werner
Published: June 2024

Structural optimization for parameters and non-parameters-based modelling are adopted in almost all area of science and engineering due to their inherent advantages in contrary to manual tuning. Typically, in the easiest case regression analysis is used to develop a data-based model for the future applications and forecasting. However, the aforementioned modelling approach may be suitable for well-defined data (i.e., elastic model) but might be difficult for complex data type where linear type model may show very poor performances. As a result, the adaptation of nonlinear type or complex models (e.g. a combination of linear and nonlinear parts) are unavoidable. For instance, modeling of a hysteresis type behavior would not be possible via any linear type models while a Bouc-Wen type nonlinear model would be a better choice. Hence, to avoid early mentioned issues and to achieve better performances, the derivative-free or search-algorithm optimization might be suitable alternatives. Herein, due to the underlying advantages, the derivative-free search algorithms have been adopted to optimize model performances and interpret both linear and nonlinear type data. To be precise, two different derivative-free algorithms namely, (i) Nelder-Mead Simplex Method, and (ii) Genetic Algorithm have been studied. The outcome of this study shows that in both former mentioned cases search-based algorithms have better performance in terms of capturing the behavior of the true data via optimization. The real-life applications of optimization algorithms are numerous as these tools are used in many branches of science and engineering.
FATIGUE BOND LIFE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS WITH LOW REINFORCEMENT CORROSION
Authors: THAJUDDEEN HALEEMA LAMEEZ , KARTHIK MADHU M
Published: June 2024

Corrosion in reinforced concrete elements can result in a decrease in cross-sectional area and loss of bond between steel and concrete. The cumulative effects of fatigue loading can exacerbate the adverse impact on the bond characteristics between steel and concrete. In this study, the impact of reinforcement corrosion on the fatigue bond life of reinforced concrete members using lap-splice specimens is investigated. The beams are designed such that the failure of the control specimen occurs due to bond failure in the lap-splice region. Stirrups are provided in the lap-splice region to consider the influence of stirrup confinement on bond behavior. The longitudinal rebars and stirrups in the lap-splice region are subject to accelerated corrosion using the impressed current technique, respectively achieving approximately 5% and 15% mass loss. Subsequently, the beam specimens are tested under four-point loading, such that the lap-splice region falls under a constant moment zone. Under monotonic loading, the control specimen experiences abrupt failure due to bond failure. In fatigue loading, the corroded specimen exhibits a significant reduction of 98% in its fatigue life.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE WOODEN MEMBER CONNECTION METHOD IN SEISMIC PANEL DAMPERS FOR STEEL STRUCTURES
Authors: Kuratomi Yo , Inada Tatso
Published: June 2024

Recently, government of Japan has encouraged using forest resources to expand the use of timber. Although moderate-or large-scale buildings are generally steel constructed structures, the authors proposed using cross-laminated timber (CLT) as support members for seismic panel damper systems. The benefits of employing mass timber as support members include the effective utilization of forest resources and a reduction in the building weight. To investigate the shear transfer performance between the shear panel damper and the mass timber, 16 specimens were meticulously prepared. Based on the test results, steel types such as H-shaped steel, circular tube, cruciform steel and steel plate were shown to be effective as the shear connector. In cases where H-shaped steel, circular tubes, and cruciform steel are utilized as shear connectors, significant labor is required for welding to the H-shaped steel and cutting into the mass timber, demanding time and effort from workers. Ensuring the shear connector section has high stiffness is crucial to maintain the energy dissipation capacity of the shear panel. Steel plates offer an advantage in their flexibility to control both strength and stiffness through the size of the plate used.
DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF ELASTICALLY-SUPPORTED BRIDGE UNDER OPPOSITE MOVING HIGH-SPEED LOADS
Authors: Panda Susmita , Banerjee Arnab , Manna Bappaditya
Published: June 2024

This paper explores the design parameters for elastically supported (ES) bridges, particularly for short to medium under the influence of high-speed trains. It introduces a non-dimensional mathematical framework that conceptualizes the ES as a Euler-Bernoulli beam supported by elastic bearings at its ends and subjected to evenly spaced moving loads. The framework highlights various resonances and speed ratios for cancelling out specific effects based on the stiffness parameter and the distance between loads. The analysis indicates that most of the maximum displacement occurs near the beam's midpoint. Additionally, it shows that lower resonance speeds coupled with higher stiffness parameter values can result in significant amplification of displacement response due to cumulative forces acting on the system. This amplification is a consequence of the cumulative forces acting on the system. Hence, this research provides valuable insights for designers and engineers to optimize foundation design, thereby reducing structure-borne vibrations transmitted to the ground.
DATA-DRIVEN ASSESSMENT OF SHEAR STRENGTH OF SINUSOIDAL CORRUGATED STEEL WEBS
Authors: Alzoubi Rouba , Barakat Samer , Junaid Muhammad Talha
Published: June 2024

The construction industry increasingly recognizes the value of steel beams with corrugated webs for their enhanced resistance to buckling, superior shear capacity, and the elimination of the need for web stiffeners. While a wealth of research focuses on beams with trapezoidal corrugated webs, investigations into sinusoidal corrugated webs (SCWs) remain comparatively sparse. This work investigates the variability in the prediction of the various models and assesses the interactions among different influencing parameters affecting the shear strength of sinusoidal corrugated steel web beams. A comprehensive database of 66 experimental data on SCW beams is assembled and rigorously examined to facilitate this analysis. The collected database is used to test the prediction accuracy of the existing design models provided by codes or proposed models in the literature. The Eurocode3 and DASt-Ri. 015 code models are considered in this study. The results of the evaluated prediction models showed considerable scatters, emphasizing the ongoing need for research to enhance the accuracy of these predictive models for better application in construction practices.
INNOVATIVE TORSIONAL STRENGTHENING OF RC T-BEAMS USING NSM FRP ROPES
Authors: Zapris Adamantis , Kytinou Violetta , Xynopoulos Ioannis , Gribniak Viktor , Chalioris Constantin
Published: June 2024

This study addresses the critical need for effective torsional strengthening techniques in reinforced concrete (RC) structures, with a focus on T-beams. Existing methods, particularly those utilizing externally bonded fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites, have been extensively studied for axial, bending, and shear loads, but torsional behavior remains a complex and underexplored area. The paper introduces a novel approach employing FRP ropes configured as closed stirrups, aiming to enhance torsional capacity while addressing practical challenges associated with conventional methods. Experimental investigations on T-shaped RC beams reveal promising results, demonstrating the effectiveness of FRP ropes in closed stirrup form. The findings not only contribute to a deeper understanding of this specific strengthening technique but also offer practical insights for designing and retrofitting RC structures susceptible to torsional loading. The study's outcomes have the potential to influence design practices, contribute to sustainable infrastructure development, and inform future guidelines for optimizing FRP strengthening strategies in T-beams.
EVALUATING THE PLA AGING EFFECTS ON THE MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF 3D-PRINTED COMPONENTS
Authors: Rimkus Arvydas , Šalna Remigijus , Gribniak Viktor
Published: June 2024

The aging influence on the mechanical performance of bio-degradable polymers holds significant importance in additive manufacturing, particularly in structural applications. Understanding the changes in mechanical properties over time is crucial for ensuring the long-term sustainability and reliability of polymer-based structures. Thus, this study aims to comprehensively evaluate the effects of aging on polylactic acid (PLA) by analyzing its failure mechanisms of 3D-printed samples subjected to compression load. To achieve this goal, specimens of PLA were exposed to natural environmental conditions for varying periods. Subsequently, the mechanical characteristics of the additively produced component were assessed after each exposure, providing valuable insights into its performance at different stages of aging. By quantifying the material’s ability to withstand applied forces, the study enables the prediction of its long-term structural integrity. In addition, the investigation of failure mechanisms aids in understanding the modes of failure that PLA may undergo as it ages. This knowledge is essential for developing strategies to prevent structural failures and enhance the overall reliability of PLA-based applications. The findings contribute to advancing the field of additive manufacturing, enabling PLA’s sustainable and reliable application in various industries.
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF STRUCTURAL BAMBOO UNDER COMPRESSION
Authors: Rashid Zainab , Chinnasamy Gokulnath
Published: June 2024

Bamboo is a sustainable and eco-friendly material with great potential to replace traditionally available construction materials like concrete and steel. However, accurately predicting the behavior of bamboo is essential for improving the structural design codes, which will enhance the wider usage of bamboo as a structural member. In this study, the buckling of bamboo is modelled numerically as both cylindrical and tapered circular columns with varying elastic moduli across the cross-sections in ABAQUS. Then, the results were compared with Euler's equation derived for the cylindrical and tapered circular columns having homogeneous cross-sections. Finally, it was observed that columns with varying elastic moduli across the cross-section have 1.5 to 2.3 times a lesser buckling load capacity than columns with homogeneous cross-sections with outer Young's modulus value (Eo). Also, compared to buckling load homogeneous cross-sections with inner Young's modulus value (Ei), varying elastic modulus cross-sections have 1.7 to 2.7 times higher buckling load. This study emphasizes the necessity of having a simple analytical equation with varying elastic modulus for calculating the buckling load for bamboo columns.
USING MACHINE LEARNING TO PREDICT THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PET FIBER-REINFORCED CONCRETE
Authors: Salim Abdelaziz Mahmoud , Junaid M Talha , Barakat Samer
Published: June 2024

Fiber-reinforced concrete enhances structural integrity by improving post-cracking behavior and ductility, yet traditional fibers can be costly and have a significant environmental impact. Recently, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fiber, derived from recycled plastic bottles, has been used as a reinforcing material in concrete to enhance its mechanical properties. Utilizing advanced machine learning algorithms, this research analyzes a comprehensive dataset collected from existing literature on the mechanical properties of PET fiber-reinforced concrete (PFRC), including concrete density, water-to-binder ratio, fine and coarse aggregates, and fiber parameters such as volume fraction and aspect ratio of PET fibers. Through the application of Polynomial Regression, Exponential Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and Cubic Support Vector Machine (SVM) models, the study effectively predicts PFRC’s mechanical behavior, showcasing high R² values indicating the models’ predictive strength: 0.93 for compressive, 0.92 for flexural, and 0.92 for tensile properties. This investigation highlights the exceptional accuracy of Exponential GPR and Cubic SVM models in capturing complex, non-linear relationships within the material, demonstrating machine learning’s capability to advance the sustainable development of construction materials. This study provides significant insights into optimizing the use of recycled fibers for concrete reinforcement.
Why is Veritatis Splendor a controversial encyclical?
Authors: Zamboni Stefano
Published: June 2024

This article seeks to answer essentially one question: why and in what sense is Veritatis Splendor a controversial encyclical? Applying the hermeneutic method, which attempts to read the text in light of the tradition in which it is embedded and its subsequent reception, the paper provides three answers. The fi rst reason why Veritatis Splendor is controversial is that it is part of a history of strong moral-theological controversies. The second answer concerns its reception: on the one hand, it provoked reactions of strong criticism in various ecclesial circles; on the other, the relationship with the subsequent Magisterium (especially Amoris laetitia) must be correctly interpreted. The third answer is no longer located outside the encyclical but within it. In fact, in chapter two, the encyclical becomes intentionally controversial because it confronts, in its work of discernment, certain tendencies in moral theology today. The conclusion attempts to interpret Veritatis Splendor more broadly. Its profound intention is to be grasped in proposing a broad and liberating vision of morality, at once Christological and rational, in obedience to the conciliar legacy and mandate.
Sakrament pokuty i pojednania w Kościele rzymskokatolickim i greckokatolickim Kościele Metropolitalnym sui iuris na Słowacji – jedność w różnorodności
Authors: Gwoździewicz Tomasz
Published: June 2024

Sakrament pokuty i pojednania w istotny sposób wpływa na życie religijne oraz formację moralną wiernych Kościołów: rzymskokatolickiego i greckokatolickiego Kościoła Metropolitalnego sui iuris na Słowacji. W artykule zostały ukazane cechy wspólne, a także różnice w  rozumieniu sakramentu pokuty w  tych wspólnotach. Przyjęta perspektywa badawcza oraz zastosowane metody analizy i syntezy, pozwoliły na ukazanie różnych akcentów, które dostrzegalne są w  rozumieniu sakramentu pokuty w  tradycji zachodniej i tradycji wschodniej. Kościół zachodni podkreśla sądowniczy wymiar spowiedzi, zaś wschód akcentuje jej leczniczy charakter, co uwidacznia się w  celebracji sakramentu. Istotna kwestia dotyczy także trudności w odniesieniu do rozgrzeszenia grzechu przerywania ciąży w spowiedzi międzyobrzędowej, która to kwestia zmieniła swoje rozumienie wraz z przeżywanym w Kościele Rokiem Miłosierdzia.
W stronę współczesnej interpretacji teologicznej początków ludzkości oraz grzechu pierworodnego
Authors: Witała Maciej
Published: June 2024

Konfrontacja teologicznych zagadnień stworzenia człowieka i jego upadku z empiryczną wizją antropogenezy i pradziejów ludzkości jest źródłem poważnych trudności. Aby na nie odpowiedzieć, podjęto badania nad możliwością sformułowania integralnej narracji protologicznej w zakresie kluczowych problemów antropologii teologicznej. W niniejszym tekście syntetycznie zaprezentowano częściowe wyniki tych badań. Interdyscyplinarna analiza danych teologicznych i z nauk szczegółowych, takich jak paleoantropologia i archeologia pradziejowa, umożliwiła zaproponowanie narracji teologiczno-empirycznej, w   której podstawowe postulaty chrześcijańskiej antropologii teologicznej przedstawione zostały w sposób niesprzeczny ze stanowiskiem nauk empirycznych.
The Historical and Theoretical Background of Veritatis Splendor
Authors: Kampowski Stephan
Published: June 2024

Niniejszy artykuł analizuje historyczne i teoretyczne tło Veritatis splendor, encykliki Jana Pawła II poświęconej w szczególności fundamentom teologii moralnej. Wraz z  reformami Soboru Trydenckiego, teologia moralna przybrała prawniczy obrót, będąc rozumiana przede wszystkim jako dyscyplina dla spowiedników. Pod koniec XIX i  na początku XX wieku wynikająca z  tego tradycja manualistyczna była coraz częściej postrzegana jako nieadekwatna i  niezdolna, by przemawiać do ludzi. W  tym samym czasie dwie wojny światowe dały impuls ﬁlozoﬁcznemu ruchowi egzystencjalizmu. Poprzez etykę sytuacyjną niektóre tendencje myśli egzystencjalistycznej znalazły drogę do teologii moralnej. Pius XII dostrzegł potrzebę zareagowania na ten rozwój. Sobór Watykański II został uznany za okazję do nowej prezentacji teologii moralnej, która przezwyciężyłaby ograniczenia manualizmu i  poświęciła więcej uwagi kwestiom sumienia, wykorzystaniu Pisma Świętego i naciskowi na fakt bycia uczniem Chrystusa. Ojcowie odrzucili jako nieadekwatny projekt pierwotnie przygotowany przez specjalną komisję, ale nie byli w stanie opracować nowego tekstu. Jednak przynajmniej niektóre kwestie teologii moralnej zostały omówione w innych pismach soborowych, zwłaszcza w Gaudium et spes i Optatam totius. Publikacja Humanae vitae w  1968 roku okazała się katalizatorem dla niektórych z najtrudniejszych i centralnych kwestii fundamentalnej teologii moralnej, w tym tematu czynów wewnętrznie złych. W 1987 roku Jan Paweł II ogłosił, że Stolica Apostolska opublikuje dokument poświęcony tym zagadnieniom. Sześć lat później tekst ten ujrzał światło dzienne i przyjął nazwę Veritatis splendor.
Effect of resistance training and chicken meat on muscle strength and mass and the gut microbiome of older women: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Uchida Masataka , Park Jonguk , Fujie Shumpei , Hosomi Koji , Horii Naoki , Watanabe Kohei , Sanada Kiyoshi , Shinohara Yasushi , Mizuguchi Kenji , Kunisawa Jun , Iemitsu Motoyuki , Miyachi Motohiko
Published: June 2024

This study investigated the effects of white meat, such as chicken, intake combined with resistance training on muscle mass and strength in the elderly women, and whether the underlying mechanism involves changes in the gut microbiota. Ninety‐three volunteers (age 59–79 years) were randomly allocated to sedentary control with placebo (Sed + PL) or chicken meat (Sed + HP) and resistance training with placebo (RT + PL) or chicken meat (RT + HP). Resistance training sessions were performed 3 d/week for 12 weeks using leg extensions and curls. Boiled chicken meat (110 g, containing 22.5 g protein) was ingested 3 d/week for 12 weeks. Maximal muscle strength and whole‐body lean mass increased significantly in the RT + PL group compared to the Sed + HP group, and the RT + HP group showed a significantly greater increase than the Sed + HP and RT + PL groups. Additionally, the gut microbiota composition did not change before or after the interventions in any of the four groups. Moreover, the individual comparison of gut bacteria using false discovery rate‐based statistical analysis showed no alterations before or after the interventions in the four groups. Resistance training combined with chicken meat intake may effective have increased muscle mass and strength without drastically modifying the gut microbiota composition in elderly women.
Gromov-Hausdorff limits of closed surfaces
Authors: Dott Tobias
Published: June 2024

We completely describe the Gromov-Hausdorff closure of the class of length spaces being homeomorphic to a fixed closed surface.
Yak meat content in feed and its impact on the growth of rats
Authors: Wang Hong-jin , Tian Xiao-xia , Zhang Ke-wei , Niu Jian-zhang , Mei Shi-juan , Hao Li-zhuang , Li Yi
Published: June 2024

To evaluate the effects of varying proportions of yak meat in feed on the growth of rats and provide a theoretical basis for selecting the optimal feed proportion suitable for rats. This study was designed as a one-variable experiment. Fifty male rats were divided into five groups. The ratios of yak meat to basal feed of rats in four dietary treatment groups were 2:8, 4:6, 6:4, and 8:2, respectively, while those in the control group were only provided a basal diet. In the feeding experiment, the body weights of the rats were recorded on Day 0 and subsequently in the first, second, third, and fourth weeks, along with quantities of feed intake. The body and tail lengths, as well as the waist circumference of the rats, were measured, and blood samples were collected in the fourth week for routine blood and biochemistry investigations. The rats in the 4:6 feed group had the best body condition. They had normal body and tail lengths, smaller waist circumferences, good posture, and were in better overall health than rats in the other groups. The results indicate that the 4:6 diet was optimal for enhancing rats’ growth performance compared to the other diets.
Downregulation of RIP3 ameliorates the left ventricular mechanics and function after myocardial infarctionviamodulating NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway
Authors: Zhang Han , Yin Yuan , Chen Shan , Qian Peipei , Zou Ganglin , Liu Yumei , Yang Junying , Zhang Haining
Published: June 2024

Adverse cardiac mechanical remodeling is critical for the progression of heart failure following myocardial infarction (MI). We previously demonstrated the involvement of RIP3-mediated necroptosis in the loss of functional cardiomyocytes and cardiac dysfunction post-MI. Herein, we investigated the role of RIP3 in NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-mediated inflammation and evaluated the effects of RIP3 knockdown on myocardial mechanics and functional changes after MI. Our findings revealed that mice with MI for 4 weeks exhibited impaired left ventricular (LV) myocardial mechanics, as evidenced by a significant decrease in strain and strain rate in each segment of the LV wall during both systole and diastole. However, RIP3 knockdown ameliorated cardiac dysfunction by improving LV myocardial mechanics not only in the anterior wall but also in other remote nonischemic segments of the LV wall. Mechanistically, knockdown of RIP3 effectively inhibited the activation of the nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB)/NLRP3 pathway, reduced the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the heart tissues, and mitigated adverse cardiac remodeling following MI. These results suggest that downregulation of RIP3 holds promise for preventing myocardial inflammation and cardiac mechanical remodeling following MI by regulating the NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.
Using sums-of-squares to prove Gaussian product inequalities
Authors: Russell Oliver , Sun Wei
Published: June 2024

The long-standing Gaussian product inequality (GPI) conjecture states that

E

[

∏

j
=
1

n

∣

X

j

∣

y

j

]

≥

∏

j
=
1

n

E

[

∣

X

j

∣

y

j

]

E\left[{\prod }_{j=1}^{n}{| {X}_{j}| }^{{y}_{j}}]\ge {\prod }_{j=1}^{n}E\left[{| {X}_{j}| }^{{y}_{j}}]

for any centered Gaussian random vector

(

X

1

,

…

,

X

n

)

\left({X}_{1},\ldots ,{X}_{n})

and any non-negative real numbers

y

j

{y}_{j}

,

j
=
1
,

…

,
n

j=1,\ldots ,n

. In this study, we describe a computational algorithm involving sums-of-squares representations of multivariate polynomials that can be used to resolve the GPI conjecture. To exhibit the power of the novel method, we apply it to prove new four- and five-dimensional GPIs:

E

[

X

1

2
m

X

2

2

X

3

2

X

4

2

]

≥
E

[

X

1

2
m

]

E

[

X

2

2

]

E

[

X

3

2

]

E

[

X

4

2

]

E\left[{X}_{1}^{2m}{X}_{2}^{2}{X}_{3}^{2}{X}_{4}^{2}]\ge E\left[{X}_{1}^{2m}]E\left[{X}_{2}^{2}]E\left[{X}_{3}^{2}]E\left[{X}_{4}^{2}]

for any

m
∈
N

m\in {\mathbb{N}}

, and

E

[

∣

X

1

∣

y

X

2

2

X

3

2

X

4

2

X

5

2

]

≥
E

[

∣

X

1

∣

y

]

E

[

X

2

2

]

E

[

X

3

2

]

E

[

X

4

2

]

E

[

X

5

2

]

E\left[{| {X}_{1}| }^{y}{X}_{2}^{2}{X}_{3}^{2}{X}_{4}^{2}{X}_{5}^{2}]\ge E\left[{| {X}_{1}| }^{y}]E\left[{X}_{2}^{2}]E\left[{X}_{3}^{2}]E\left[{X}_{4}^{2}]E\left[{X}_{5}^{2}]

for any

y
≥

1

10

y\ge \frac{1}{10}

.
A review of single flow, flow boiling, and coating microchannel studies
Authors: Hussein Hasan Qahtan , Fayyadh Ekhlas M. , Hasan Moayed R.
Published: June 2024

The objective of this review article is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the latest research on microchannel heat sinks, with a particular focus on single-phase flow, flow boiling, and coating microchannels. The review aims to highlight the progress made in this field and identify the challenges that need to be addressed to promote the widespread adoption of microchannel heat sinks. The review article examines the research on microchannel heat sinks and analyzes the findings related to single-phase flow, flow boiling, and coating microchannels. The analysis of single-phase flow in microchannels covers the impact of various parameters, including channel size, fluid properties, and flow conditions, on the heat transfer rate. The analysis of flow boiling in microchannels includes the identification of the potential advantages and challenges associated with this technique, as well as the strategies developed to mitigate these issues. The analysis of coating microchannels examines the effects of surface coatings on flow behavior and heat transfer performance. The review finds that microchannel heat sinks have gained significant attention due to their potential for high heat transfer rates in a compact size. The analysis of single-phase flow reveals that the heat transfer rate is proportional to the channel diameter and inversely proportional to the fluid viscosity. Increasing the flow rate results in higher heat transfer rates and pressure drops. The analysis of flow boiling reveals that this technique can significantly increase the heat transfer rate compared to single-phase flow. However, it can also lead to flow instability, wall superheat, and premature drying. The review identifies strategies to mitigate these issues, including using different surface coatings, enhancing nucleation, and optimizing channel geometry. The analysis of coating microchannels shows that coatings can alter the surface energy, wettability, and roughness of the channel walls, affecting the flow behavior and heat transfer performance. Coatings made from materials such as metals, polymers, and self-assembled monolayers have been investigated, and their effects on the flow of boiling heat transfer have been analyzed. The review highlights the need for further research to address the challenges associated with microchannel heat sinks, including flow instability and premature drying. Additionally, the review suggests that there is a need for more comprehensive studies on the effects of different surface coatings on flow behavior and heat transfer performance. Future research can also explore the potential of other materials for coating microchannels and investigate new strategies to optimize channel geometry and enhance nucleation. The review article concludes that the progress made in understanding microchannel heat transfer is significant, but further research is necessary to realize the full potential of microchannel heat sinks.