bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETINA OSCILLATORY BIOPOTENTIALS AT DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: Dravitsa L. V. , Bobr T. V.
Published: July 2023

Due to effective methods of treatment, life expectancy of patients with diabetes has considerably increased, therefore diabetic eyes affection is of special value. Diabetic retinopathy (DР) is one of the principal causes of sight deterioration and blindness among persons of able-bodied age in the developed countries. Electroretinography is a very sensitive method on retina functional status estimation allowing defining the most insignificant biochemical disorders which can precede initial clinical demonstration. Decrease in amplitude of о1-wave electroretinogram - oscillatory potentials testifies to disorder of biochemical reactions chain between pigmentary epithelium and photoreceptors at patients with diabetes.
EFFECTIVENESS OF VERTEBRAL CANAL DECOMPRESSION AT TRAUMATIC STENOSIS OF INFERIOR CERVICAL REGION
Authors: Kirilenko S. I.
Published: July 2023

The Effectiveness of a decompression of spinal canal for the traumatic stenosis of the lower cervical column. Kirilenko S. I. Gomel state medical university. The evaluation of a traumatic stenosis of the backboned canal is fulfilled at damages the lower cervical column after both conservative and operating methods of a decompression of the backboned canal. The offered criterion of a degree of a stenosis of the backboned canal allows to determine differentially tactics of treatment of dislocations, fractures and dislocation-fractures the lower cervical spondyles.
ПАТОГЕНЕТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ИЗМЕНЕНИЯ СОСТОЯНИЯ ЗДОРОВЬЯ У НАСЕЛЕНИЯ, ПОСТРАДАВШЕГО В РЕЗУЛЬТАТЕ ЧЕРНОБЫЛЬСКОЙ КАТАСТРОФЫ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ МОГИЛЕВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)
Authors: Кручинский Н. Г. , Остапенко В. А. , Тепляков А. И. , Прокопович А. С. , Остапенко С. М. , Наумов А. Д. , Горчаков А. М. , Прищепова Е. В. , Дуброва Ю. Е. , Акулич Н. В. , Чегерова Т. И.
Published: July 2023

Проведено исследование частоты герминативных мутаций в минисателлитной фракции ДНК в популяции жителей, постоянно проживающих на контаминированных территориях. Показано, что использование принципа междисциплинарного подхода с исследованием клеточно-клеточной и клеточно-гуморальной регуляции гомеостаза является достаточно эффективным в изучении возможного патогенеза последствий длительного низкоуровневого радиационного воздействия.
Viral-bacterial pneumonia in COVID-19: clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients and a spectrum of bacterial pathogens
Authors: Levchenko K. V. , Bondarenko V. N. , Mitsura V. M. , Tapalski D. V.
Published: July 2023

Objective. To study the clinical and laboratory data of patients with viral-bacterial pneumonia caused by SARS-CoV-2, to evaluate the spectrum of bacterial causative agents and their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs.Materials and methods. 50 cases of viral-bacterial pneumonia associated with the COVID-19 infection were analyzed. The gender-age structure of patients, clinical and laboratory data, degree of disease severity and concomitant diseases were studied. Microbiological examination of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed by bacteriological method using an automatic microbiological analyzer. Identification of the selected cultures and the determination of their sensitivity to antibacterial drugs were provided.Results. The average age of the patients in the studied group was 71,1 ± 14,8 years. 90% of patients had concomitant diseases, mainly of cardiovascular system. The secondary bacterial infection was diagnosed on 13,0 ± 5,0 day from the disease onset and was characterized by bilateral lung lesions. The most common etiological factors of bacterial pneumonia were the microorganisms of the Enterobacteriaceae family — 37%, Staphylococcus aureus — 23% and Acinetobacter baumannii — 13%. The isolated strains were characterized by drug resistance to aminopenicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and carbapenems.Conclusion. The high level of resistance of bacterial pneumonia causative agents isolated from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection to antimicrobial drugs requires wider use of reserve drugs and implementation of other treatment strategies.
Transient hyperglycemia in acute coronary heart disease
Authors: Nikulina N. A. , Akulova E. A. , Dotsenko E. A. , Krivelevich N. B. , Seifidinova S. G. , Kovalev A. A. , Zinkevich D. D. , Ponomarenko D. A. , Tishkov S. P. , Kavalchuk A. N. , Repina Yu. V.
Published: July 2023

Objective. To identify the features of transient hyperglycemia in dynamics in acute coronary heart disease in patients without impaired glycemic metabolism.Materials and methods. We performed a retrospective analysis of 178 medical records of inpatients with acute forms of coronary heart disease: transmural myocardial infarction (MI), subendocardial MI, unstable angina - initially urgently hospitalized and further treated in the institution “Gomel Regional Clinical Cardiology Center” in 2021-2022. All the patients were examined and treated in accordance with the clinical protocol for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the circulatory system [1]. Venous blood glucose level in dynamics was measured at hospitalization during the first hours of the disease not on an empty stomach and then on an empty stomach on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day; according to EchoCG data on the 1st-3rd day included the ejection fraction (EF) and local contractility index (LCI). The patients were divided into groups depending on the disease, blood glucose level at hospital admission (not requiring pharmacological correction 4.1–10.9 mmol/l, requiring pharmacological correction 11 mmol/l and more [1]) and the presence/absence of a rise in blood glucose levels on the first day of hospitalization (the 1st day of the diseases).Results. Transient hyperglycemia in acute forms of coronary heart disease in patients without impaired glycemic metabolism is most evident with transmural MI, hyperglycemia of more than 11.0 mmol / l occurs in 7% of cases of all transmural MI, of which 28.5% persists on the 1st day, which requires continued pharmacological correction. Relative normalization of glucose at initial glucose values up to 11 mmol/l occurs on the 2nd day, with a tendency in transmural myocardial infarction and glucose levels over 11 mmol/l - on the 3rd day, of MI and an episode of glucose level rise in dynamics — on the 4th day of MI. Transient hyperglycemia with subendocardial MI and unstable angina is not characterized by an increase in glucose more than 11.0 mmol/l, with relative normalization on the 2nd day, while higher glucose levels are observed at admission compared to those with unstable angina.Conclusion. Transient hyperglycemia over 11 mmol/l in transmural MI in patients without glycemic metabolism disorders in 28.5% of cases remains on the 1st day of MI, which requires continued medication correction of hyperglycemia. Subendocardial MI and unstable angina are not characterized by the occurrence of transient hyperglycemia, requiring pharmacological correction, with relative normalization of the index by 2nd day.
Evaluation of the implementation of screening programs for early detection of breast and cervical cancer in the Gomel region
Authors: Volchek V. S. , Sharshakova T. M. , Belyakovsky V. N. , Los’ D. M. , Zaitsava L. P.
Published: July 2023

Objective. Conduct a comprehensive assessment of the indicators of screening programs for early detection of breast and cervical cancer in the Gomel region.Materials and methods. A total of 7,611 first-time detected cases of breast cancer and 1,370 cases of cervical cancer in the Gomel region were analyzed for the period 2012-2022 (according to Belarusian Cancer Registry). The results of examination of 105130 participants of the screening program for early detection of breast cancer and 70258 participants of the screening program for early detection of cervical cancer were analyzed.Results. During the period 2017-2022, due to screening, 12% of cases of breast cancer were detected from the total number of newly diagnosed malignant breast pathologies. From 2018 to 2022, the proportion of newly detected cases of cervical cancer within the screening program increased from 0.83% to 2.61%, which indicates that the introduction of the screening program contributes to an increase in the detection of precancerous conditions of the cervix.Conclusions. The screening program for breast cancer and cervical cancer has shown its effectiveness in detecting new cases of malignant neoplasms of these localizations. An important result of the screening conducted in the Gomel region is the fact that the observed trend towards a decrease in the detection of breast cancer and cervical cancer in the early stages does not give any cause for optimism, as this is evidence of a deterioration in the structure of the detected pathology.
In memoriam Joseph Ratzinger (1927–2022)
Authors: Hallonsten Gösta
Published: July 2023

N/A
In memoriam Rosemary Radford Ruether (1936–2022)
Authors: Gerle Elisabeth
Published: July 2023

N/A
Ulrich Schmiedel, Terror und Theologie: Der religionstheoretische Diskurs der 9/11-Dekade
Authors: Ekman Katja
Published: July 2023

N/A
Upaya meningkatkan kemampuan membaca melalui media kartu gambar pada siswa kelas 1 SD Negeri Cikeusal Kidul 01 tahun pelajaran 2020/2021
Authors: Andriani Winda
Published: July 2023

Classroom action research has been carried out to improve and improve students' reading skills through classroom action research using the picture card method. This research was conducted in class I SD Negeri Cikeusal Kidul 01 for the 2020/2021 school year, with a total of 21 students. This study aims to determine whether learning using picture card media can improve students' reading skills. The focus of this study is to determine the level of students' reading skills, student learning outcomes, and teacher performance. The results showed an increase in student learning outcomes were 68.57 and 79.25, respectively. Student learning activities also increased, namely with an average score of 71.03 in the first cycle increasing to 73.91 in the second cycle. It can be concluded that the use of picture card media can improve students' reading skills.
Analisis kebutuhan bahan ajar berbasis kearifan lokal budidaya nanas madu belik
Authors: Erwanto Erwanto , Roshayanti Fenny , Siswanto Joko , Hayat Muhammad Saipul
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the initial description of the need for teaching materials based on local wisdom of belik honey pineapple cultivation. The research method used is descriptive with a sample of 36 students of class XI MIPA 4 SMA Negeri 1 Moga, 9 teachers of Biology MGMP Pemalang, 5 farmers of belik honey pineapple. Data collection methods by observation and interviews. Observation using an online questionnaire about teacher teaching material needs and student learning material needs. Apart from that, he also conducted interviews using interview guides to pineapple farmers in Mendelem village, Belik sub-district, Pemalang district. The results of the analysis of the needs for the development of teaching materials students want the types of teaching materials that have criteria that are easy to learn, fun, interesting, various learning resources, interactive, structured, and detailed so that they can be used independently. The results of the analysis of teaching material need that the teacher wants have criteria to increase student enthusiasm for learning, creative thinking, activities, learning outcomes, development of teaching materials, easy, in the form of modules, based on local wisdom, independent. This description can be used in the development of teaching materials according to student needs. Teachers can improve the quality and quality of learning and know the types of teaching materials based on needs, namely in the form of e-modules.
Penerapan model Problem Based Learning dalam pembelajaran daring untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas VI di SD Negeri Mulyasari 03
Authors: Julianto Tri
Published: July 2023

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of Grade VI students at SD Negeri Mulyasari 03 by applying the Problem Based Learning Model in Online Learning as an effort to improve and enhance the learning process. The research method used was Classroom Action Research, which included planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The research was conducted in two cycles, each cycle carried out two meetings. The results showed that student learning outcomes improved. In the initial study, the average value was 67.08 with KKM 70 completeness of learning 18.51% after the implementation of the learning improvement in cycle I, the average knowledge value reached 76.67 and the percentage of completeness reached 66.77% and not yet completed 33.23 %. The attitude score for the very good category reached 29.17% and the good category reached 70.83%, and the average skill score reached 69.58 while the percentage of completion reached 54.17% and 45.83% incomplete. In the second cycle, it was found that the average knowledge value reached 77.08 and the percentage of completeness reached 87.50% and 13.50% incomplete. The attitude score of the very good category reached 41.67% and the good category reached 58.33%. The average skill score reached 72.08, while the percentage of completion reached 83.33% and 16.67% unfinished. Based on the data obtained, it can be concluded that using the Problem Based Learning model can improve the learning outcomes of grade VI students at SD Negeri Mulyasari 03, Majenang District.
Potensi implementasi Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) dalam pembelajaran IPA di MTs Nahdlatul Ulama Mranggen Kabupaten Demak
Authors: Rahmawati Sri , Roshayanti Fenny , Nugroho Ary Susatyo , Hayat Muhammad Saipul
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the potential for the implementation of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) in science learning for students at MTs Nahdlatul Ulama Mranggen, Demak Regency. The research used a qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques by interview, observation, and documentation. The data obtained were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman analysis model for further conclusions to be obtained. The results showed the potential of ESD implemented in science learning at MTs Nahdlatul Ulama Mranggen. The data is seen through: (a) teachers' understanding of ESD, (b) integrating the values ??of ESD perspectives in KI and KD in Science subjects by analyzing KI and KD for Science Learning in class VII, and (c) potential implementation of ESD which allows it to be implemented in MTs Nahdlatul Ulama Mranggen. The results of the integration of data on aspects of integration in the three perspectives of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) KI and KD class VII in science learning show that the values ??of ESD (socio-cultural, environmental and economic perspectives) have the potential to be applied in science learning at MTs Nahdlatul Ulama Mranggen Demak Regency.
Perkembangan Bahasa Fonetik dan Sintaksis Anak Usia Dini (Usia 3-4 Tahun)
Authors: Sugiyanti Sugiyanti
Published: July 2023

This study aims to analyze the language development of children at an early age of 3-4 years, by describing the development of language in the phonetic and syntactic fields of children aged 3-4 years. This research uses descriptive qualitative research method. The sample of this study were two children aged 3-4 years in KB Bustanul Janah Sambong Batang. From the two samples, it is known that the child's aspects of phonetic and syntactic development experience different developments starting from the ability to receive language, listen to other people's words, express language, enjoy listening and retell simple stories in sequence. In the aspect of phonetic language, children have developmental differences in understanding the sounds of language or how a language sound is produced by the human speech apparatus. In the aspect of syntactic language, children also have developmental differences regarding speaking and telling stories. Researchers concluded that early childhood in the age range of 3-4 years experienced differences in the development of phonetic and syntactic language. So the researchers recommend teachers to understand these differences and stimulate students according to age levels so that their development continues to increase.
Penerapan Pendidikan Berbasis Tauhid dalam Pembentukan Karakter Spiritual Anak di TK YAA Bunayya Kota Pekalongan
Authors: Yusrina Isna
Published: July 2023

In the era of digital technology that is growing rapidly, it is feared that it will have a negative impact on the development of the spiritual character of early childhood. Therefore we need an educational concept that can fortify children from these threats. One of the concepts that can be applied is monotheism-based education, this education is based on the teachings of the Islamic religion which unites Allah. The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of the concept of monotheism-based education in Yaa Bunayya Kindergarten, Pekalongan City and its implications in the formation of children's spiritual character. This type of research is a case study research that uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The source of the data taken is in the form of purposive sampling with the research subjects consisting of the head of the kindergarten, employees, teachers and group A children aged 4-5 years in Yaa Bunayya Kindergarten, Pekalongan City. Collecting data by observation, interviews and documentation. Meanwhile, for data analysis using data reduction techniques by sorting the data, the findings are then analyzed and presented, then conclusions are drawn at the final stage. From the results of the study, it can be seen that the application of monotheism-based education plays an important role in the formation of the spiritual character of early childhood through exemplary, inculcating concepts and integrative learning which is carried out in Yaa Bunayya Kindergarten, Pekalongan City.
Kemampuan Representasi Siswa SMP Kelas VIII dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Materi Peluang Ditinjau dari Gaya Belajar Visual
Authors: Kholilatun Fiki , Nizaruddin Nizaruddin , Purwosetiyono F.X. Didik
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the representational abilities of class VIII junior high school students in solving word problems on opportunity material in terms of student learning styles. This research is a qualitative descriptive study. This research was conducted in class VIII B and VIII E of SMP Miftahul Ulum Boarding School Jogoloyo Demak which were selected based on the results of a questionnaire test. The subjects of this study were selected based on a learning style questionnaire of 60 grade VIII students, 6 students were selected consisting of 2 subjects with a visual learning style, 2 subjects with an auditory learning style, and 2 subjects with a kinesthetic learning style. . The instruments used in this study were a learning style questionnaire test to determine research subjects, math word problems to bring out students' representation abilities, and interview guidelines. The validity of the data uses technical triangulation, namely checking data that has been obtained from the same source using different techniques. The results of the research based on tests and interviews obtained 1) subjects with a visual learning style gave rise to visual representation indicators, and representations of mathematical equations or expressions. 2) subjects with learning styles bring up indicators of visual representation, and representation of equations or mathematical expressions. 3) subjects with kinesthetic learning styles only bring up visual representation indicators.
Penanaman Nilai Karakter Disiplin dan Religius Melalui Pembiasaan Shalat Dhuha di SD Negeri 4 Kancilan Jepara
Authors: Hapsari Melinda Febri
Published: July 2023

The character of the students at SD Negeri 4 Kancilan before the Duha prayer habituation was not good. This is evidenced by the existence of case records of several students who lack disciplinary and religious character values, such as bullying their friends, refusing to continue school, and not attending school for two weeks without permission. After holding a character education strengthening program through the habit of Duha prayer which has been running for five years, students who originally had poor character values ??became students with fairly good character. Based on this description, this study aims to describe the results of inculcating the values ??of disciplinary and religious character through the habit of praying dhuha at SD Negeri 4 Kancilan Jepara. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative research method. The instruments used in this study were observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. From this study it shows that instilling character education through the habit of praying dhuha at SD Negeri 4 Kancilan can instill discipline and religious character values.
Regulatory Analysis Digital Markets Act (Dma) European Union In Business Competition
Authors: Nurhayati Yati
Published: July 2023

this research aims to analyze the concept of the Business Competition Digital Markets Act (DMA) European Union and analyse the regulation affecting Digital Markets Act (DMA) EU to the digital market. The science of law will have authority and strength if it is integral in ontological, epistemological, and axiological aspects. Normative legal research has the characteristics of library research. The results of this study showThe combination of these three factors to win the competition to win the hearts of consumers can be obtained through innovation, application of the right technology, and managerial ability to direct company resources in winning the competition. In response, the European Commission recently published a proposal for a Digital Markets Act to complement existing competition policy tools through mandatory from before for platforms. Both consumers and companies should benefit from digital markets. However, it may backfire if there are no clear boundaries to follow.
Criminal Liability Towards Corporations Acting As Narcotics Traffickers In Indonesia
Authors: Hatta Muhammad , Sumiadi Sumiadi , Zulfan Zulfan , Johari Johari , Husni Husni , Mohd Zahir Mohd Zamre
Published: July 2023

Corporate crime is often referred to as a crime committed by a legal entity or organization. Corporate involvement in criminal activity can enable criminal access to methods of production, storage, distribution, or trading. In the context of narcotics crime, corporations could play a significant role in the trafficking of narcotics through a variety of modus operandi including production, distribution, and sales to the general public. Therefore, corporation as a legal subject can be held accountable. This study uses a statutory approach and is normative (doctrinal). It solely employs secondary data and is processed qualitatively to describe facts, documents, information, and other data related to criminal liability for corporations as perpetrators of narcotics trafficking in Indonesia. The embodiment of criminal liability towards corporations as perpetrators of narcotics trafficking is regulated in several provisions, including Article 130 of Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics as well as Articles 60 to 64 and Article 70 of Law No. 5 of 1997 concerning Psychotropics. The crime of narcotics distribution through corporation involves businesses or legal entities such as hospitals, health clinics, pharmacies and others. Revocation of business licenses can be used as punishment for those companies, while the management may also face further legal repercussions.
A EVOLUÇÃO DOS DIREITOS DOS POVOS INDÍGENAS FRENTE ÀS MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS: UMA ANÁLISE JURÍDICA COMPARADA
Authors: Ferreira Junior Edinaldo Inocêncio
Published: July 2023

Este artigo realiza uma análise jurídica comparada sobre a evolução dos direitos dos povos indígenas diante das mudanças climáticas. A introdução destaca a importância de reconhecer o impacto desproporcional das mudanças climáticas sobre os povos indígenas, em virtude de sua relação íntima com a terra e os recursos naturais. Os objetivos desta pesquisa são examinar a evolução dos direitos dos povos indígenas na esfera jurídica internacional e nacional, identificando as principais normas e instrumentos jurídicos que tratam da proteção de seus direitos frente às mudanças climáticas. A metodologia adotada compreende uma análise documental de tratados internacionais, convenções regionais e legislações nacionais que abordam a questão dos direitos indígenas e mudanças climáticas. Além disso, são examinados estudos de caso selecionados para ilustrar a aplicação prática dessas normas em diferentes contextos geográficos. Os resultados revelam avanços significativos na proteção dos direitos dos povos indígenas, reconhecendo sua contribuição para a conservação ambiental e a necessidade de sua participação efetiva nas decisões relacionadas às mudanças climáticas. Entretanto, desafios persistem, especialmente no que diz respeito à implementação e efetivação desses direitos em nível nacional. Como conclusão, ressalta-se a importância contínua do fortalecimento dos direitos dos povos indígenas diante das mudanças climáticas, incentivando a implementação plena das normas jurídicas existentes e o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas que promovam a participação e o empoderamento dessas comunidades. Essas ações são fundamentais para garantir a proteção dos povos indígenas, o respeito à sua cultura e conhecimento tradicional, bem como a preservação ambiental para as futuras gerações.
Better-constrained climate sensitivity when accounting for dataset dependency on pattern effect estimates
Authors: Modak Angshuman , Mauritsen Thorsten
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The best estimate of equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) constrained based on the instrumental record of historical warming becomes coherent with other lines of evidence when the dependence of radiative feedback on the pattern of surface temperature change (pattern effect) is incorporated. Pattern effect strength is usually estimated with atmosphere-only model simulations forced with observed historical sea-surface temperature (SST) and sea-ice change and constant pre-industrial forcing. However, recent studies indicate that pattern effect estimates depend on the choice of SST boundary condition dataset, due to differences in the measurement sources and the techniques used to merge and construct them. Here, we systematically explore this dataset dependency by applying seven different observed SST datasets to the MPI-ESM1.2-LR model covering 1871–2017. We find that the pattern effect ranges from -0.01±0.09 to 0.42±0.10 W m−2 K−1 (standard error), whereby the commonly used Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project II (AMIPII) dataset produces by far the largest estimate. When accounting for the generally weaker pattern effect in MPI-ESM1.2-LR compared to other models, as well as dataset dependency and intermodel spread, we obtain a combined pattern effect estimate of 0.37 W m−2 K−1 [−0.14 to 0.88 W m−2 K−1] (5th–95th percentiles) and a resulting instrumental record ECS estimate of 3.2 K [1.8 to 11.0 K], which as a result of the weaker pattern effect is slightly lower and better constrained than in previous studies.
Parameterizing spectral surface reflectance relationships for the Dark Target aerosol algorithm applied to a geostationary imager
Authors: Kim Mijin , Levy Robert C. , Remer Lorraine A. , Mattoo Shana , Gupta Pawan
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Originally developed for the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) in polar, sun-synchronous low-earth orbit (LEO), the Dark Target (DT) aerosol retrieval algorithm relies on the assumption of a Surface Reflectance Parameterization (SRP) over land surfaces. Specifically for vegetated and dark-soiled surfaces, values of surface reflectance in blue and red visible-wavelength bands are assumed to be nearly linearly related to each other and to the value in a shortwave infrared (SWIR) wavelength band. This SRP also includes dependencies on scattering angle and a normalized difference vegetation index computed from two SWIR bands (NDVISWIR). As the DT retrieval algorithm is being ported to new sensors to continue and expand the aerosol data record, we assess whether the MODIS-assumed SRP can be used for these sensors. Here, we specifically assess SRP for the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) aboard, the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-16/East (ABIE). First, we find that using MODIS-based SRP leads to higher biases and artificial diurnal signatures in aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from ABIE. The primary reason appears to be that geostationary orbit (GEO) encounters an entirely different set of observation geometry than does LEO, primarily with regards to solar angles coupled with fixed view angles. Therefore, we have developed a new SRP for GEO that draws the angular shape of the surface bidirectional reflectance. We also introduce modifications to the parametrization of both red-SWIR and blue-red spectral relationships to include additional information. The revised Red-SWIR SRP includes solar zenith angle, NDVISWIR, and land-type percentage from an ancillary database. The blue-red SRP adds dependencies on the scattering angle and NDVISWIR. The new SRPs improve the AOD retrieval of ABIE in terms of overall less bias and mitigation of the overestimation around local noon. The average bias of DT AOD compared to AERONET AOD shows a reduction from 0.082 to 0.025, while the bias of local solar noon decreases from 0.118 to 0.029.
Characteristics of bacterial and fungal communities and their associations with sugar compounds in atmospheric aerosols at a rural site in North China
Authors: Niu Mutong , Huang Shu , Hu Wei , Wang Yajie , Xu Wanyun , Wei Wan , Zhang Qiang , Wang Zihan , Zhang Donghuan , Jin Rui , Wu Libin , Deng Junjun , Shen Fangxia , Fu Pingqing
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Bioaerosols play significant roles in causing health and climate effects. Sugar compounds in air have been widely used to trace the source of bioaerosols. However, knowledge about the association of sugar molecules and the microbial community at taxonomic levels in atmospheric aerosols remains limited. Here, microbial community compositions and sugar molecules in total suspended particles collected from a typical rural site, Gucheng, in the North China Plain were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-throughput gene sequencing, respectively. Results show that fungal community structure exhibited distinct diurnal variation with largely enhanced contribution of Basidiomycota at night, while bacterial community structure showed no obvious difference between daytime and night. SourceTracker analysis revealed that bacteria and fungi were mainly from plant leaves and unresolved sources (presumably human-related emission and/or long-distance transport), respectively. All the detected anhyrosugars and sugar alcohols, and trehalose showed diurnal variations with lower concentrations in the daytime and higher concentrations at night, which may be affected by enhanced fungal emissions at night, while primary sugars (except trehalose) showed an opposite trend. The Mantel test resulted that more sugar compounds exhibited significant associations with fungal community structure than bacterial community structure. Co-occurrence analysis revealed the strong associations between sugar compounds and a few saprophytic fungal genera with low relative abundances, e.g., Hannaella, Lectera, Peniophora, Hydnophlebia, Sporobolomyces and Cyphellophora. This study suggested that the entire fungal community likely greatly contributed to sugar compounds in rural aerosols, rather than specific fungal taxa, while the contribution of bacteria was limited.
Two new 222Rn emanation sources – a comparison study
Authors: Ballé Tanita Johanna , Röttger Stefan , Mertes Florian , Honig Anja , Kovar Petr , Otáhal Petr , Röttger Annette
Published: July 2023

Abstract. More than 50 % of natural occurring radiation exposure of the general public is due to the noble gas radon (222Rn) and its progenies, causing considerable health risks. Therefore, the European Union has implemented council directive 2013/59/EURATOM to measure 222Rn activity concentrations and to identify Radon Priority Areas (RPAs) to specify areas where countermeasures are most needed. Although 222Rn measurements are far spread across Europe, traceability to the international system of units (SI) is still lacking. Consequently, measurement results cannot be reliably compared to each other. The EMPIR project 19ENV01 traceRadon aims to address this issue and has developed two new 222Rn emanation sources, intended to be used as calibration standards for reference instruments. The goal of this paper is to investigate and compare the two sources to ensure their quality by comparing the calibration factors estimated from both sources for the same reference instrument. This was done for three reference instruments in total at two experimental sites. Differences of calibration factors for one reference instrument of up to 0.07 were derived. Despite the small differences between the calibration factors, all uncertainties are well within the aspired target uncertainty of 10 % for k = 1.
Comparing short term intensity fluctuations and an Eyewall replacement cycle in Hurricane Irma (2017) during a period of rapid intensification
Authors: Torgerson William Stanley , Schwendike Juliane , Ross Andrew , Short Chris
Published: July 2023

Abstract. An eyewall replacement cycle that occured after a period of rapid intensification of Hurricane Irma (2017) between 07 September and 08 September was investigated in a detailed modelling study using Met Office Unified Model (MetUM) convection permitting ensemble forecasts. The eyewall replacement cycle was then compared to intensity fluctuations that occurred during the period of rapid intensification between 04 September and 06 September. Both the short term fluctuations and eyewall replacement cycle involved an initial dynamical response to localized convection from inner rainbands in the former case and outer rainbands in the later case. One key difference between the intensity fluctuations and the eyewall replacement cycle is that, in the case of the intensity fluctuations, the small radial distance between the eyewall and the inner rainbands meant that a moat region did not form and hence the intensity fluctuations did not lead to an eyewall replacement.
Sea ice loss translates into major shifts in the carbonate environmental conditions in Arctic Shelf Sea
Authors: Hauri Claudine , Irving Brita , Dupont Sam , Pages Remi , Hauser Donna , Danielson Seth
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Healthy Arctic marine ecosystems are essential to the food security and sovereignty, culture and wellbeing of Indigenous Peoples in the Arctic. At the same time, Arctic marine ecosystems are highly susceptible to impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. While increasing ocean and air temperatures and melting sea ice act as direct stressors on the ecosystem, they also indirectly enhance ocean acidification, accelerating the associated changes in the inorganic carbon system. Yet, much is to be learned about the current state and variability of the inorganic carbon system in remote places. Here, we present pH and pCO2 time-series (2016–2020) from the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory. The subsurface observatory is located in the midst of a biological hotspot with high primary productivity and a rich benthic food web that support coastal Iñupiat, whales, ice seals, walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), and Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida). Our observations suggest that near-bottom waters (33 m depth, 13 m above the seafloor) are a high carbon dioxide and low pH and aragonite saturation state environment in summer and fall, when organic material from the highly productive summer remineralizes. During this time, the aragonite saturation state can be as low as 0.4, triggering free CaCO3 dissolution. During the sea ice covered winter period, pH was < 8 and aragonite remained undersaturated under the sea ice. There are only two short seasonal periods with relatively higher pH and Ωarag, which we term ocean acidification relaxation events. In spring, high primary production from sea ice algae and phytoplankton blooms and ikaite dissolution lead to spikes in pH (pH > 8) and aragonite oversaturation. In late fall, strong wind driven mixing events that bring CO2 depleted surface water to the shelf also lead to events with elevated pH and Ωarag. Given the recent observations of high rates of ocean acidification, and sudden and dramatic shift of the physical, biogeochemical, and ecosystem conditions in the Chukchi Sea, it is possible that the observed extreme conditions at the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory are significantly deviating from the carbonate conditions to which many species are adapted and may have negative impacts on the ecosystem.
QBO modulation of the Asian Monsoon water vapour
Authors: Peña-Ortiz Cristina , Plaza Nurial Pilar , Gallego David , Plöger Felix
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The Asian Monsoon (AM) plays a key role in the transport of water vapour to the lower stratosphere and contributes significantly to the wet phase of the annual global stratospheric water vapour cycle. Although it is known that the QBO is one of the main drivers of the interannual variability of the AM water vapour, the physical mechanisms responsible for this variability remain unclear. Here we have used daily MLS data for the period 2005–2020 to characterize the QBO signature on the lower stratosphere AM water vapour during the boreal summer. We show that the QBO has the strongest impact during August, when QBO-W minus QBO-E differences may reach 1 ppmv at 100 hPa, although a significant signature is also observed during July. We find that the region whose temperature controls the QBO signal on water vapour over the AM differs between July and August. In July, when the key region is over the tropical Indian Ocean, the QBO modulation of the AM water vapour occurs in phase with the signal over the equator whereas in August, when the key region is at the subtropics, over the southwestern flank of the Monsoon, the signal over the AM is opposite to that over the equator. Our results reveal that the QBO signal on the temperature on the south side of the anticyclone, which ultimately has an impact on AM water vapour, is, in turn, modulated by the QBO impact on convection. Thus, we find that the QBO signature on convection over the equator gives rise to Rossby waves trains that produce variations in convection over the southern side of the AM anticyclone such that weaker convection over this region generates an increase in water vapour and vice versa.
Equity and Justice should underpin the discourse on Tipping Points
Authors: Pereira Laura M. , Gianelli Ignacio , Achieng Therezah , Amon Diva , Archibald Sally , Arif Suchinta , Castro Azucena , Chimbadzwa Tapiwa Prosper , Coetzer Kaera , Field Tracy-Lynn , Selomane Odirilwe , Sitas Nadia , Stevens Nicola , Villasante Sebastian , Armani Mohammed , Kimuyu Duncan M. , Adewumi Ibukun J. , Ghadiali Ashish , Obura David , Pinho Patricia , Roa-Clavijo Felipe , Rocha Juan , Sumaila U. Rashid
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Radical and quick transformations towards sustainability have winners and losers, with equity and justice embedded to a greater or a lesser extent. According to research, only the wealthiest 1–4 % of the global population will radically need to change their consumption, behaviours, societal values and beliefs in order to make space for an equitable and sustainable future for nature and people. However, narratives around many ‘positive’ tipping points, such as the energy transition, do not take into account the entire spectrum of impacts the proposed alternatives could have or still rely on narratives that maintain current unsustainable behaviours and marginalise many people. One such example is the move from petrol-based to electric vehicles. An energy transition that remains based on natural resource inputs from the Global South must be unpacked with an equity and justice lens to understand the “true cost” of this transition. Another is the role of ‘nature-based solutions’ to address climate resilience, where ‘nature’ in some parts of the world needs to be maintained as an offset for the continued lifestyles of the wealthy, usually in different parts of the world from where this nature is supposed to be maintained. There are two arguments why a critical engagement with these and other similar proposals needs to be made. First, the idea of transitioning through a substitution (e.g., of fuel), whilst maintaining the system structure (e.g., of private vehicles) may not necessarily be conceived as the kind of radical transformation being called for by global scientific or governmental bodies like the IPCC and IPBES. Secondly, and probably more importantly, the question of positive for whom, and positive where must be considered. In this paper, we unpack these narratives in the context of what they mean for the idea of positive tipping points using a critical decolonial view from the South.
On the Use of Routine Airborne Observations for Evaluation and Monitoring of Satellite Observations of Thermodynamic Profiles
Authors: Wagner Timothy J. , August Thomas , Hultberg Tim , Petersen Ralph A.
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Satellite-based observations require independent sources of data to monitor and evaluate their precision and accuracy. For the temperature and water vapor profiles produced by satellite-based sounders, this often results in comparisons to operational radiosondes. However, polar-orbiting satellite overpasses are frequently misaligned with the global synoptic launch times. The routine airborne in situ observations of temperature and water vapor from the Airborne Meteorological Data Relay (AMDAR) program and Water Vapor Sensing System-II (WVSS-II) instrument greatly enhance opportunities for making precise matchups due to the far greater temporal frequency and spatial density of aircraft flights. The potential for the use of aircraft-based observations as a source for evaluation of tropospheric satellite sounder profiles is explored through a year-long intercomparison with the IASI Level 2 profiles produced from both the Metop-A and Metop-B satellites. Results using 1 h and 50 km match criteria indicate good agreement between the satellites and the aircraft-based observations with temperature, specific humidity, and relative humidity biases generally less than 0.5 K, 0.8 g kg-1, and 5 % respectively; both IASI instruments perform nearly identically. While the intercomparisons are generally limited to the troposphere as aircraft typically reach their maximum height at the tropopause, the substantially larger number of intercomparison points enable characterization as a function of season, scan angle, and other characteristics heretofore unexplored due to a lack of validation data.
The influence of dune lee side shape on time-averaged velocities and turbulence
Authors: Lefebvre Alice , Cisneros Julia
Published: July 2023

Abstract. Underwater dunes are found in various environments with strong hydrodynamics and movable sediment such as rivers, estuaries and continental shelves. They have a diversity of morphology, ranging from low- to high-angle lee sides and sharp or rounded crests. Here, we investigate the influence of lee side morphology on flow properties (time-averaged velocities and turbulence). To do so, we carried out a large number of numerical simulations of flow over dunes with a variety of morphologies using Delft3D. Our results show that the value of the mean lee side angle in addition to the value and position of the maximum lee side angle have an influence on the flow properties investigated. We propose a classification with the following three types of dunes: (1) low-angle dunes (mean lee side < 10∘), over which there is generally no flow separation and over which only little turbulence is created; (2) intermediate-angle dunes (mean lee side 10–17∘), over which an intermittent flow separation is likely over the trough; and (3) high-angle dunes (mean lee side > 17∘), over which the flow separates at the brink point and reattaches shortly after the trough and over which turbulence is high. The influence of maximum lee side slope value and position on flow characteristics depends on the dune type. We discuss the implications of the proposed dune classification on the interaction between dune morphology and flow.
Decision-making strategies implemented in SolFinder 1.0 to identify eco-efficient aircraft trajectories: application study in AirTraf 3.0
Authors: Castino Federica , Yin Feijia , Grewe Volker , Yamashita Hiroshi , Matthes Sigrun , Dietmüller Simone , Baumann Sabine , Soler Manuel , Simorgh Abolfazl , Mendiguchia Meuser Maximilian , Linke Florian , Lührs Benjamin
Published: July 2023

Abstract. The optimization of aircraft trajectories involves balancing operating costs and climate impact, which are often conflicting objectives. To achieve compromise optimal solutions, higher-level information such as preferences of decision-makers must be taken into account. This paper introduces the SolFinder 1.0 module, a decision-making tool designed to identify eco-efficient aircraft trajectories, which allow to reduce the flights climate impact with limited cost penalties compared to cost-optimal solutions. SolFinder 1.0 offers flexible decision-making options that allow users to select trade-offs between different objective functions, including fuel use, flight time, NOx emissions, contrail distance, and climate impact. The module is included in the AirTraf 3.0 submodel, which optimizes trajectories under atmospheric conditions simulated by the ECHAM/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry model. This paper focuses on the ability of the module to identify eco-efficient trajectories while solving a bi-objective optimization problem that minimizes climate impact and operating costs. SolFinder 1.0 enables users to explore trajectory properties at varying locations of the Pareto fronts without prior knowledge of the problem results and to identify solutions that limit the cost of reducing the climate impact of a single flight.