bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of metacognitive training (MCT) on social cognition for schizophrenia spectrum and related psychotic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hotte-Meunier Adèle , Penney Danielle , Mendelson Daniel , Thibaudeau Élisabeth , Moritz Steffen , Lepage Martin , Sauvé Geneviève
Published: September 2023

Background

Individuals with schizophrenia spectrum and related psychotic disorders (SSD) experience significant impairments in social cognition that impede functioning. Social cognition is a multidimensional construct consisting of four domains: 1. theory of mind, 2. emotion processing, 3. attributional style and 4. social perception. Metacognitive training (MCT) is an intervention designed to target cognitive biases in psychosis containing two modules addressing social cognition.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of MCT on social cognition and two of its domains: theory of mind and emotion processing. Ten electronic databases were scoured from 2007 to 1 February 2022 for MCT studies reporting social cognition outcomes for people with SSD (1050 identified, 282 assessed). Effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's d in R.

Results

Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis (nMCT = 212, ncontrol = 194). MCT had a small but positive effect on global social cognition (d = 0.28 [95% CI 0.07–0.49]) and theory of mind (d = 0.27 [95% CI 0.01–0.52]). MCT showed no evidence of an effect on emotion processing (d = 0.03 [95% CI –0.26 to 0.32]).

Conclusion

MCT has a small but significant effect on social cognition for people with SSD. Our results add to other recent meta-analyses showing significant effects of MCT on clinically relevant outcomes such as positive symptoms, cognitive biases and cognitive insight. We recommend that future studies on MCT report outcomes on all four domains of social cognition.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO (in the process of registration) available at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#recordDetails
Pediatric traumatic brain injury as a risk factor for psychosis and psychotic symptoms: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Yau King-Chi , Revill Grace , Blackman Graham , Shaikh Madiha , Bell Vaughan
Published: September 2023

Background

Psychosis is one of the most disabling psychiatric disorders. Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) has been cited as a developmental risk factor for psychosis, however this association has never been assessed meta-analytically.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between pTBI and subsequent psychotic disorders/symptoms was performed. The study was pre-registered (CRD42022360772) adopting a random-effects model to estimate meta-analytic odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) using the Paule–Mandel estimator. Subgroup (study location, study design, psychotic disorder v. subthreshold symptoms, assessment type, and adult v. adolescent onset) and meta-regression (quality of evidence) analyses were also performed. The robustness of findings was assessed through sensitivity analyses. The meta-analysis is available online as a computational notebook with an open dataset.

Results

We identified 10 relevant studies and eight were included in the meta-analysis. Based on a pooled sample size of 479686, the pooled OR for the association between pTBI and psychosis outcomes was 1.80 (95% CI 1.11–2.95). There were no subgroup effects and no outliers. Both psychotic disorder and subthreshold symptoms were associated with pTBI. The overall association remained robust after removal of low-quality studies, however the OR reduced to 1.43 (95% CI 1.04–1.98). A leave-one-out sensitivity analysis showed the association was robust to removal of all but one study which changed the estimate to marginally non-significant.

Conclusions

We report cautious meta-analytic evidence for a positive association between pTBI and future psychosis. New evidence will be key in determining long-term reliability of this finding.
Chile’s failed constitutional intent: Polarization, fragmentation, haste and delegitimization
Authors: Palanza Valeria , Sotomayor Valarezo Patricia
Published: September 2023

This article suggests that the conditions under which the Chilean constitutional process of 2021–22 undertook its task held the seeds of its doom. Constitutional conventions are always tasked with reaching agreements on the controversial allocation of decision rights, and doing so is no simple feat. The Chilean process combined (1) very dispersed preferences regarding the problems the new constitution should solve and the institutions to best enable solutions, with (2) a brief timeframe to allow for agreements to emerge, aggravated by (3) a composition of the Convention that was dominated by independents lacking experience in legislative bargaining, and (4) a severe disenchantment of the population with parties and politics as the backdrop. Together, these hurdles proved impossible to overcome. Despite the notorious political achievements of the Committee we study here, the proposal that came out of Chile’s Constitutional Convention in 2021 was plagued by controversy and a negative perception of the Convention’s work, and was ultimately rejected by the people.
James Webb Space Telescope Captures Saturn’s Changing Seasons
Authors: Stanley Sarah
Published: September 2023

Unprecedented images reveal how Saturn’s atmosphere is evolving as summertime winds down in its northern hemisphere.
A Spatial Assessment of Current and Future Foliar Hg Uptake Fluxes Across European Forests
Authors: Wohlgemuth Lena , Feinberg Aryeh , Buras Allan , Jiskra Martin
Published: September 2023

Atmospheric mercury (Hg) is deposited to land surfaces mainly through vegetation uptake. Foliage stomatal gas exchange plays an important role for net vegetation Hg uptake, because foliage assimilates Hg via the stomata. Here, we use empirical relationships of foliar Hg uptake by forest tree species to produce a spatially highly resolved (1 km2) map of foliar Hg fluxes to European forests over one growing season. The modeled forest foliar Hg uptake flux is 23 ± 12 Mg Hg season−1, which agrees with previous estimates from literature. We spatially compared forest Hg fluxes with modeled fluxes of the chemical transport model GEOS‐Chem and find a good overall agreement. For European pine forests, stomatal Hg uptake was shown to be sensitive to prevailing conditions of relatively high ambient water vapor pressure deficit (VPD). We tested a stomatal uptake model for the total pine needle Hg uptake flux during four previous growing seasons (1994, 2003, 2015/2017, 2018) and two climate change scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5). The resulting modeled total European pine needle Hg uptake fluxes are in a range of 8.0–9.3 Mg Hg season−1 (min–max). The lowest pine forest needle Hg uptake flux to Europe (8 Mg Hg season−1) among all investigated growing seasons was associated with unusually hot and dry ambient conditions in the European summer 2018, highlighting the sensitivity of the investigated flux to prolonged high VPD. We conclude, that stomatal modeling is particularly useful to investigate changes in Hg deposition in the context of extreme climate events.
Exploring the Spatial Patterning of Sociodemographic Disparities in Extreme Heat Exposure at Multiple Scales Across the Conterminous United States
Authors: Rastogi Deeksha , Christian Jaekedah , Tuccillo Joe , Christian Blair , Kapadia Anuj J. , Hanson Heidi A.
Published: September 2023

Climate change has led to an increase in heat‐related morbidity and mortality. The impact of heat on health is unequally distributed amongst different socioeconomic and demographic groups. We use high‐resolution daily air temperature‐based heat wave intensity (HWI) and neighborhood‐scale sociodemographic information from the conterminous United States to evaluate the spatial patterning of extreme heat exposure disparities. Assuming differences in spatial patterns at national, regional, and local scales; we assess disparities in heat exposure across race, housing characteristics, and poverty level. Our findings indicate small differences in HWI based on these factors at the national level, with the magnitude and direction of the differences varying by region. The starkest differences are present over the Northeast and Midwest, where primarily Black neighborhoods are exposed to higher HWI than predominantly White areas. At the local level, we find the largest difference by socioeconomic status. We also find that residents of nontraditional housing are more vulnerable to heat exposure. Previous studies have either evaluated such disparities for specific cities and/or used a satellite‐based land surface temperature, which, although correlated with air temperature, does not provide the true measure of heat exposure. This study is the first of its kind to incorporate high‐resolution gridded air temperature–based heat exposure in the evaluation of sociodemographic disparities at a national scale. The analysis suggests the unequal distribution of heat wave intensities across communities—with higher heat exposures characterizing areas with high proportions of minorities, low socioeconomic status, and homes in need of retrofitting to combat climate change.
Exploring the AMOC Connectivity Between the RAPID and OSNAP Lines With a Model‐Based Data Set
Authors: Han Lei
Published: September 2023

Two major trans‐basin mooring arrays, the Rapid Climate Change‐Meridional Overturning Circulation and Heatflux Array (RAPID) at 26.5°N since 2004 and the Overturning in the Subpolar North Atlantic Program (OSNAP) situated at 53°–60°N since 2014, have been continuously monitoring the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This study explores the connectivity of AMOC across these two mooring lines from a novel adiabatic perspective utilizing a model‐based data set. The findings unveil significant in‐phase connections facilitated by the adiabatic basinwide redistribution of water between the two lines on a monthly timescale. This adiabatic mode is a possible cause for the observed subpolar AMOC seasonality by OSNAP. Furthermore, the Labrador Sea was identified as a hotspot for adiabatic forcing of the overturning circulations, primarily attributed to its dynamic isopycnal movements.
Dysfunctional serotonergic neuron-astrocyte signaling in depressive-like states
Authors: González-Arias Candela , Sánchez-Ruiz Andrea , Esparza Julio , Sánchez-Puelles Cristina , Arancibia Lucia , Ramírez-Franco Jorge , Gobbo Davide , Kirchhoff Frank , Perea Gertrudis
Published: September 2023

Astrocytes play crucial roles in brain homeostasis and are regulatory elements of neuronal and synaptic physiology. Astrocytic alterations have been found in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients; however, the consequences of astrocyte Ca2+ signaling in MDD are poorly understood. Here, we found that corticosterone-treated juvenile mice (Cort-mice) showed altered astrocytic Ca2+ dynamics in mPFC both in resting conditions and during social interactions, in line with altered mice behavior. Additionally, Cort-mice displayed reduced serotonin (5-HT)-mediated Ca2+ signaling in mPFC astrocytes, and aberrant 5-HT-driven synaptic plasticity in layer 2/3 mPFC neurons. Downregulation of astrocyte Ca2+ signaling in naïve animals mimicked the synaptic deficits found in Cort-mice. Remarkably, boosting astrocyte Ca2+ signaling with Gq-DREADDS restored to the control levels mood and cognitive abilities in Cort-mice. This study highlights the important role of astrocyte Ca2+ signaling for homeostatic control of brain circuits and behavior, but also reveals its potential therapeutic value for depressive-like states.
Network biomarkers in recovered psychosis patients who discontinued antipsychotics
Authors: Odkhuu Soyolsaikhan , Kim Woo-Sung , Tsogt Uyanga , Shen Jie , Cheraghi Sahar , Li Ling , Rami Fatima Zahra , Le Thi-Hung , Lee Keon-Hak , Kang Nam-In , Kim Sung-Wan , Chung Young-Chul
Published: September 2023

There are no studies investigating topological properties of resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) in patients who have recovered from psychosis and discontinued medication (hereafter, recovered patients [RP]). This study aimed to explore topological organization of the functional brain connectome in the RP using graph theory approach. We recruited 30 RP and 50 age and sex-matched healthy controls (HC). The RP were further divided into the subjects who were relapsed after discontinuation of antipsychotics (RP-R) and who maintained recovered state without relapse (RP-M). Using graph-based network analysis of rs-fMRI signals, global and local metrics and hub information were obtained. The robustness of the network was tested with random failure and targeted attack. As an ancillary analysis, Network-Based Statistic (NBS) was performed. Association of significant findings with psychopathology and cognitive functioning was also explored. The RP showed intact network properties in terms of global and local metrics. However, higher global functional connectivity strength and hyperconnectivity in the interconnected component were observed in the RP compared to HC. In the subgroup analysis, the RP-R were found to have lower global efficiency, longer characteristic path length and lower robustness whereas no such abnormalities were identified in the RP-M. Associations of the degree centrality of some hubs with cognitive functioning were identified in the RP-M. Even though network properties of the RP were intact, subgroup analysis revealed more altered topological organizations in the RP-R. The findings in the RP-R and RP-M may serve as network biomarkers for predicting relapse or maintained recovery after the discontinuation of antipsychotics.
Multidimensional quantitative phenotypic and molecular analysis reveals neomorphic behaviors of p53 missense mutants
Authors: Pal Anasuya , Gonzalez-Malerva Laura , Eaton Seron , Xu Chenxi , Zhang Yining , Grief Dustin , Sakala Lydia , Nwekwo Lilian , Zeng Jia , Christensen Grant , Gupta Chitrak , Streitwieser Ellen , Singharoy Abhishek , Park Jin G. , LaBaer Joshua
Published: September 2023

Mutations in the TP53 tumor suppressor gene occur in >80% of the triple-negative or basal-like breast cancer. To test whether neomorphic functions of specific TP53 missense mutations contribute to phenotypic heterogeneity, we characterized phenotypes of non-transformed MCF10A-derived cell lines expressing the ten most common missense mutant p53 proteins and observed a wide spectrum of phenotypic changes in cell survival, resistance to apoptosis and anoikis, cell migration, invasion and 3D mammosphere architecture. The p53 mutants R248W, R273C, R248Q, and Y220C are the most aggressive while G245S and Y234C are the least, which correlates with survival rates of basal-like breast cancer patients. Interestingly, a crucial amino acid difference at one position—R273C vs. R273H—has drastic changes on cellular phenotype. RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq analyses show distinct DNA binding properties of different p53 mutants, yielding heterogeneous transcriptomics profiles, and MD simulation provided structural basis of differential DNA binding of different p53 mutants. Integrative statistical and machine-learning-based pathway analysis on gene expression profiles with phenotype vectors across the mutant cell lines identifies quantitative association of multiple pathways including the Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathway with phenotypic aggressiveness. Further, comparative analyses of large transcriptomics datasets on breast cancer cell lines and tumors suggest that dysregulation of the Hippo/YAP/TAZ pathway plays a key role in driving the cellular phenotypes towards basal-like in the presence of more aggressive p53 mutants. Overall, our study describes distinct gain-of-function impacts on protein functions, transcriptional profiles, and cellular behaviors of different p53 missense mutants, which contribute to clinical phenotypic heterogeneity of triple-negative breast tumors.
Human retinal ganglion cell neurons generated by synchronous BMP inhibition and transcription factor mediated reprogramming
Authors: Agarwal Devansh , Dash Nicholas , Mazo Kevin W. , Chopra Manan , Avila Maria P. , Patel Amit , Wong Ryan M. , Jia Cairang , Do Hope , Cheng Jie , Chiang Colette , Jurlina Shawna L. , Roshan Mona , Perry Michael W. , Rho Jong M. , Broyer Risa , Lee Cassidy D. , Weinreb Robert N. , Gavrilovici Cezar , Oesch Nicholas W. , Welsbie Derek S. , Wahlin Karl J.
Published: September 2023

In optic neuropathies, including glaucoma, retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) die. Cell transplantation and endogenous regeneration offer strategies for retinal repair, however, developmental programs required for this to succeed are incompletely understood. To address this, we explored cellular reprogramming with transcription factor (TF) regulators of RGC development which were integrated into human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) as inducible gene cassettes. When the pioneer factorNEUROG2was combined with RGC-expressed TFs (ATOH7,ISL1,andPOU4F2) some conversion was observed and when pre-patterned by BMP inhibition, RGC-like induced neurons (RGC-iNs) were generated with high efficiency in just under a week. These exhibited transcriptional profiles that were reminiscent of RGCs and exhibited electrophysiological properties, including AMPA-mediated synaptic transmission. Additionally, we demonstrated that small molecule inhibitors of DLK/LZK and GCK-IV can block neuronal death in two pharmacological axon injury models. Combining developmental patterning with RGC-specific TFs thus provided valuable insight into strategies for cell replacement and neuroprotection.
Asian dust-deposition flux to the subarctic Pacific estimated using single quartz particles
Authors: Nagashima Kana , Kawakami Hajime , Sugie Koji , Fujiki Tetsuichi , Nishioka Jun , Iwamoto Yoko , Takemura Toshihiko , Miyakawa Takuma , Taketani Fumikazu , Aita Maki Noguchi
Published: September 2023

Iron availability limits marine ecosystem activities in large areas of the ocean. However, the sources and seasonal supply of iron, critically important for controlling surface ocean biogeochemistry and carbon cycling, are poorly understood. The western subarctic Pacific is a high-nutrient and low-chlorophyll region, and despite high concentrations of macronutrients, iron limits phytoplankton production in summer. Here, we determine the seasonal deposition flux of Asian dust using scanning electron microscope–cathodoluminescence analysis of single quartz particles derived from the western subarctic Pacific during 2003–2022 to trace provenance. We found a high (up to 6.9 mg m−2 day−1) deposition flux of Asian dust in May, June, and early July, with an annual average of 1.0 ± 0.2 mg m−2 day−1. The supply of dissolved-iron flux calculated from Asian dust was 0.9 ± 0.3 µg m−2 day−1 during the high productivity season (April–July), which is approximately half that from the deeper part of the ocean, calculated from vertical profiles of dissolved iron. Our study provides a reliable approach for estimating iron supply from dust to the surface ocean that may be critical for sustaining biological productivity under future ocean stratification, which suppresses nutrient supply from the subsurface ocean.
Exploring the link between coffee matrix microstructure and flow properties using combined X-ray microtomography and smoothed particle hydrodynamics simulations
Authors: Mo Chaojie , Johnston Richard , Navarini Luciano , Liverani Furio Suggi , Ellero Marco
Published: September 2023

Coffee extraction involves many complex physical and transport processes extremely difficult to model. Among the many factors that will affect the final quality of coffee, the microstructure of the coffee matrix is one of the most critical ones. In this article, we use X-ray micro-computed (microCT) technique to capture the microscopic details of coffee matrices at particle-level and perform fluid dynamics simulation based on the smoothed particle hydrodynamics method (SPH) with the 3D reconstructured data. Information like flow permeability and tortuosity of the matrices can be therefore obtained from our simulation. We found that inertial effects can be quite significant at the normal pressure gradient conditions typical for espresso brewing, and can provide an explanation for the inconsistency of permeability measurements seen in the literature. Several types of coffee powder are further examined, revealing their distinct microscopic details and resulting flow features. By comparing the microCT images of pre- and post-extraction coffee matrices, it is found that a decreasing porosity profile (from the bottom-outlet to the top-inlet) always develops after extraction. This counterintuitive phenomenon can be explained using a pressure-dependent erosion model proposed in our prior work. Our results reveal not only some important hydrodynamic mechanisms of coffee extraction, but also show that microCT scan can provide useful microscopic details for coffee extraction modelling. MicroCT scan establishes the basis for a data-driven numerical framework to explore the link between coffee powder microstructure and extraction dynamics, which is the prerequisite to study the time evolution of both volatile and non-volatile organic compounds and then the flavour profile of coffee brews.
Identification of herpesvirus transcripts from genomic regions around the replication origins
Authors: Torma Gábor , Tombácz Dóra , Csabai Zsolt , Almsarrhad Islam A. A. , Nagy Gergely Ármin , Kakuk Balázs , Gulyás Gábor , Spires Lauren McKenzie , Gupta Ishaan , Fülöp Ádám , Dörmő Ákos , Prazsák István , Mizik Máté , Dani Virág Éva , Csányi Viktor , Harangozó Ákos , Zádori Zoltán , Toth Zsolt , Boldogkői Zsolt
Published: September 2023

Long-read sequencing (LRS) techniques enable the identification of full-length RNA molecules in a single run eliminating the need for additional assembly steps. LRS research has exposed unanticipated transcriptomic complexity in various organisms, including viruses. Herpesviruses are known to produce a range of transcripts, either close to or overlapping replication origins (Oris) and neighboring genes related to transcription or replication, which possess confirmed or potential regulatory roles. In our research, we employed both new and previously published LRS and short-read sequencing datasets to uncover additional Ori-proximal transcripts in nine herpesviruses from all three subfamilies (alpha, beta and gamma). We discovered novel long non-coding RNAs, as well as splice and length isoforms of mRNAs. Moreover, our analysis uncovered an intricate network of transcriptional overlaps within the examined genomic regions. We demonstrated that herpesviruses display distinct patterns of transcriptional overlaps in the vicinity of or at the Oris. Our findings suggest the existence of a ‘super regulatory center’ in the genome of alphaherpesviruses that governs the initiation of both DNA replication and global transcription through multilayered interactions among the molecular machineries.
Holocene extreme hydroclimate events in the Asian monsoon region were more frequent during cooler intervals
Authors: Zhang Enlou , Meng Xianqiang , Ning Dongliang , Shulmeister James , Sun Weiwei , Zhang Wenfang , Ni Zhenyu
Published: September 2023

The areas affected by the East and South Asian monsoons contain almost half the world’s population. Understanding natural variability in these monsoons under warmer climates is critical for managing future changes. Here we present a high-resolution record of Holocene drought events derived from lake level changes in the South Asian monsoon region. By combining the published storm events in the East Asian monsoon region, we demonstrate that extreme hydroclimate events frequently occurred within a ca. 500-year cycle during the cool early-late Holocene, exhibiting a fierce Asian monsoon. In contrast, there were fewer extreme hydroclimate events during the warm mid-Holocene period. We propose that tropical temperatures and air-sea interaction in the Indo-Pacific Oceans are responsible for the occurrences of centennial-scale extreme events. Our findings suggest that tropical influences can module climate responses in monsoon regions, and the Asian monsoon may be more peaceful than hitherto expected under future global warming scenarios.
Benchmarking satellite-derived shoreline mapping algorithms
Authors: Vos K. , Splinter K. D. , Palomar-Vázquez J. , Pardo-Pascual J. E. , Almonacid-Caballer J. , Cabezas-Rabadán C. , Kras E. C. , Luijendijk A. P. , Calkoen F. , Almeida L. P. , Pais D. , Klein A. H. F. , Mao Y. , Harris D. , Castelle B. , Buscombe D. , Vitousek S.
Published: September 2023

Satellite remote sensing is becoming a widely used monitoring technique in coastal sciences. Yet, no benchmarking studies exist that compare the performance of popular satellite-derived shoreline mapping algorithms against standardized sets of inputs and validation data. Here we present a new benchmarking framework to evaluate the accuracy of shoreline change observations extracted from publicly available satellite imagery (Landsat and Sentinel-2). Accuracy and precision of five established shoreline mapping algorithms are evaluated at four sandy beaches with varying geologic and oceanographic conditions. Comparisons against long-term in situ beach surveys reveal that all algorithms provide horizontal accuracy on the order of 10 m at microtidal sites. However, accuracy deteriorates as the tidal range increases, to more than 20 m for a high-energy macrotidal beach (Truc Vert, France) with complex foreshore morphology. The goal of this open-source, collaborative benchmarking framework is to identify areas of improvement for present algorithms, while providing a stepping stone for testing future developments, and ensuring reproducibility of methods across various research groups and applications.
The Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation Process: Inhibition, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Das Pranjal P. , Dhara Simons , Purkait Mihir K.
Published: September 2023

The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process has been recognized as an efficient nitrogen removal technology. Anammox processes are gaining attention owing to their advantages over the conventional biological nitrogen removal processes. Anammox bacteria are susceptible to various wastewater pollutants, which limits the extensive application of the anammox process worldwide. In general, low-concentration pollutants lead to the promotion of the anammox activity, while high-concentration pollutants show inhibitory effects. Moreover, mainstream anammox processes face a variety of challenges that limit their stable operation, such as difficulty in the out-selection of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria, high organic carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, retention of anammox bacteria, and the influence of high concentrations of ammonia and nitrite compounds. Efficient strategies are necessary to manage high carbon to nitrogen ratios, improve performance in low-intensity wastewater, and retain anammox bacteria. This chapter systemically summarizes the recent advances in the inhibition, mechanism involved and recovery process of conventional and emerging pollutants in the anammox process, such as organics, metals, antibiotics and nanoparticles. The key elements in the operation, and maintenance of mainstream anammox processes in full-scale wastewater treatment plants have also been demonstrated. Moreover, for improving the process performance, the primary influencing factors affecting the anammox process have been identified and discussed in this chapter. Taken together, this chapter effectively illustrates the critical perspective on the challenges and opportunities associated with mainstream anammox processes, which will provide an in-depth understanding for researchers and engineers working in this field.
Microbial Nitrogen Transformation and Recovery in Wastewater: Current Strategies and Applications
Authors: Pattnaik Ritesh , Ray Lopamudra , Saha Koustav , Pal Sanjana , Singh Harshita
Published: September 2023

Although nitrogen fixation is essential for the continuation of life, excessive reactive nitrogen in surface and constructed water bodies as a consequence of limited tertiary wastewater treatment practices potentially harms the environment. At present, the majority of wastewater treatment units depend on various chemical approaches for the ready removal of reactive nitrogen species. However, because of both environmental and economic advantages, a significant shift towards the application of biological methods involving a specific group of microorganisms is under current emphasis. Excessive reactive nitrogen, besides having a negative impact on human health, also causes the pollution of water bodies triggering imbalances in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, efficient strategies need to be adopted in order to remove excessive reactive nitrogen from different sources, including wastewater treatment plants. Globally, various technologies are in use to increase the efficacy of nitrogen removal treatment at an economic cost. The present chapter is aimed at outlining the different approaches for efficient nitrogen recovery and its multitude of sustainable applications.
Size-exclusion chromatography-based extracellular vesicle size subtyping and multiplex membrane protein profiling for differentiating gastrointestinal cancer prognosis
Authors: Qin Ti , Li Pinhao , Li Jun , Guo Qianqian , Chen Ying , Wang Yu-E. , Tao Ling , Huang Jian , Shen Xiangchun , Wu Xingjie
Published: September 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a type of subcellular structure, have been extensively researched for their potential for developing advanced diagnostic technologies for various diseases.
A strategy for high ethylene polymerization performance using titanium single-site catalysts
Authors: Alrais Lujain , Maksoud Walid Al , Werghi Baraa , Bendjeriou-Sedjerari Anissa , Abou-Hamad Edy , Hedhili Mohamed N. , Basset Jean-Marie
Published: September 2023

The synthesis of heterogeneous Ti(iv)-based catalysts for ethylene polymerization following surface organometallic chemistry concepts is described.
Reversible electric switching of NDI molecular wires by orthogonal stimuli
Authors: Li Zhi , Wang Rui , Li Yunpeng , Li Yingjie , Ma Chaoqi , Yang Jiawei , Li Hongxiang
Published: September 2023

The charge transport of 1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based molecules is tuned by orthogonal stimuli.
Crystallisation of organic hydrates by sublimation
Authors: Volkwyn Alexandra L. , Haynes Delia A.
Published: September 2023

Hydrates of organic molecules can be crystallised by sublimation if there is a strong hydrogen bond to water in the solid hydrate.
Dysprosium site occupancy in SrZnO2 nanophosphors probed through XANES
Authors: Manju  , Rajput Parasmani , Vij Ankush , Thakur Anup
Published: September 2023

The site occupancy of Dy in the SrZnO2 system is probed through XANES simulation, which indicated an unprecedented modification in absorption features at the Dy L3-edge upon an increase in doping concentration.
Gas-phase errors in computational electrocatalysis: a review
Authors: Urrego-Ortiz Ricardo , Builes Santiago , Illas Francesc , Calle-Vallejo Federico
Published: September 2023

In this review we show how DFT gas-phase errors affect computational models of electrocatalytic reactions.
Cation–anion confined hydrogen-bonding catalysis strategy for ring-closing C–O/O–H metathesis of alkoxy alcohols under metal-free conditions
Authors: Wang Huan , Zhao Zhi-Hao , Zhao Yanfei , Zhang Fengtao , Xiang Junfeng , Han Buxing , Liu Zhimin
Published: September 2023

Cation–anion confined hydrogen-bonding-catalyzed ring-closing C–O/O–H metathesis of alkoxy alcohols to O-heterocycles is realized over OH-functionalized ionic liquids under metal-free and mild conditions (≥70 °C).
Acoustic quasi-periodic bioassembly based diverse stem cell arrangements for differentiation guidance
Authors: Gao Xiaoqi , Hu Xuejia , Yang Dongyong , Hu Qinghao , Zheng Jingjing , Zhao Shukun , Zhu Chengliang , Xiao Xuan , Yang Yi
Published: September 2023

Cellular arrangements with diverse patterns and positional relationships are obtained simultaneously and contactlessly by quasi-periodic acoustic tweezers for differentiation guidance.
Synthesis of a bistriazolyl-phenanthroline–Cu(ii) complex immobilized on nanomagnetic iron oxide as a novel green catalyst for synthesis of imidazoles via annulation reactions
Authors: Althomali Raed H. , Musad Saleh Ebraheem Abdu , Mohammed Ali Riyadh Hasan , Mamadoliev Ikromjon Ilkhomidinovich , Ramadan Montather F. , Kareem Ashwaq Talib , Aggarwal Saurabh , Hadrawi Salema K.
Published: September 2023

An Fe3O4 supported bistriazolyl-phenanthroline–Cu(ii) complex was developed by a novel, cheap, environment-friendly approach and utilized as a green Lewis acid catalyst in the synthesis of imidazoles via annulation reactions.
Highly sensitive detection for acetic acid based on biomorphic ZIF-8 and MOF dual-template-derived ZnO–rGO nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Haixia , Zhang Gaige , Ding Jijun , Fu Haiwei
Published: September 2023

ZIF-8-derived ZnO and rGO nanocomposites based on biomorphic cotton templates are synthesized. The low-cost and reproducible biotemplate method provides a new idea for designing gas sensors with excellent performance.
Ni–Fe layered double oxide on porous nickel foam: a rationalized approach to electrochemical sensing of Atrazine herbicide in water samples
Authors: Mukundan Gopika , Ganapathy Nagarajan , Badhulika Sushmee
Published: September 2023

Ni–Fe LDO was prepared by single-step thermal treatment of Ni–Fe LDH. Ni–Fe LDH was synthesized at room temperature via the precipitation method. The Ni–Fe LDO-modified nickel foam electrode was optimized for electrochemical detection of atrazine.
Solid-state mechanochemical cross-coupling of insoluble substrates into insoluble products by removable solubilizing silyl groups: uniform synthesis of nonsubstituted linear oligothiophenes
Authors: Kubota Koji , Kondo Keisuke , Seo Tamae , Jin Mingoo , Ito Hajime
Published: September 2023

We developed a new solid-state mechanochemical strategy using a removable and solubilizing silyl group that enables the organic transformation of insoluble substrates into insoluble products.
Accelerating materials discovery using integrated deep machine learning approaches
Authors: Xia Weiyi , Tang Ling , Sun Huaijun , Zhang Chao , Ho Kai-Ming , Viswanathan Gayatri , Kovnir Kirill , Wang Cai-Zhuang
Published: September 2023

Our work introduces an innovative deep machine learning framework to significantly accelerate novel materials discovery, as demonstrated by its application to the La–Si–P system where new ternary and quaternary compounds were successfully identified.
Porous Ga0.25Li6.25La3Zr2O12 frameworks by gelcasting–reaction sintering for high-performance hybrid quasi-solid lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhou Ying , Tian Ying , Wang Wen , Zhou Yu
Published: September 2023

Gelcasting–reaction sintering assists in achieving high mechanical strength of porous LLZO scaffolds.
Tunable ultra-broadband full-visible-spectral emission of Bi3+-doped aluminate phosphors enabled by structure transformation and site occupancy engineering
Authors: Bian Qingfeng , Zhu Ge , Li Zhuowei , Li Shanshan , Xu Wen , Cong Yan , He Ming , Xin Shuangyu , Dong Bin
Published: September 2023

Inorganic phosphors with tunable broadband emission have important applications in solid-state lighting and security anti-counterfeiting.
Penser, représenter, la problématique de la féminité et du maternel dans l’anorexie mentale
Authors: Corcos Maurice , Letranchant Aurélie , Nicolas Isabelle , Shadili Gérard
Published: September 2023

L’épidémiologie des Troubles des conduites alimentaires (TCA) permet d’envisager que la problématique dans ces affections soit liée en grande partie à la problématique plus générale de la féminité et à celle de la constitution de l’identité de genre psychique et corporelle à l’adolescence. Nous allons particulièrement aborder ici la problématique des affects, de l’attachement insécure, le rôle des conflits émotionnels, de la psychopathologie parentale, la dynamique familiale dans cette population de patient(e)s.

Notre regard psychopathologique se focalisera également sur les aspects transgénérationnels de l’identification avec la quête imaginaire d’une identité, d’une filiation du corps à corps, et sur le rôle particulier de l’éprouvé corporel dans la construction de la conscience de sa féminité et du maternel. Nous en conclurons que cette prison, que le sujet entretient jusqu’à en être -avec son corps-le co-geôlier, n’est pas qu’une simple prison mentale.
Séduction éthique et éthique du bien-dire au vu des parentalités contemporaines
Authors: Chetrit-Vatine Viviane
Published: September 2023

Les parentalités contemporaines (couple de parents homosexuels ou lesbiennes, enfants conçus à partir d’insémination d’ovocyte ou de sperme, avec l’aide éventuelle de mères porteuses, enfants élevés par des mères célibataires, etc.) sont réputées aujourd’hui ne pas entraîner plus de pathologies chez les enfants nés et élevés dans ces conditions que chez les enfants conçus et élevés dans les constellations parentales « classiques ». L’exposé d’une courte vignette clinique datant de plus de 30 ans nous conduira à reconsidérer les éléments nécessaires à un bon développement psychique et éthique des enfants en général et de ceux nés des parentalités contemporaines en particulier.

Je traiterai ainsi et de la question de l’origine première de la capacité éthique chez tout sujet humain, et de celle de l’éthique de responsabilité comme de l’éthique du bien-dire de la part des parents, avec en son centre le respect de la différence des générations, c’est-à-dire l’asymétrie parents/enfant, le respect de la différence des sexes et le respect de la capacité de représentation de l’enfant.
Interpersonal Influences on the Choice to Treat Nausea during Pregnancy with Medication or Cannabis
Authors: Mercer Amanda H. , MacDuffie Katherine E. , Weiss Elliott M. , Johnson Allegra , Dager Stephen R. , Kleinhans Natalia
Published: September 2023

Objective This study aimed to better understand the interpersonal influences on a pregnant individual's decision of how to treat nausea and vomiting during pregnancy using a qualitative approach.

Study Design A semistructured interview guide was developed to assess pregnancy symptoms, decision-making regarding treating nausea, and interpersonal influences on treatment decisions. Interviews were conducted with 17 individuals enrolled in a neuroimaging and behavioral study of prenatal exposure to cannabis who used medication and/or cannabis to treat symptoms associated with pregnancy.

Results Interviews revealed four groups of stakeholders who influenced participant decision-making: medical providers, partners, family, and friends. Influence was categorized as either positive, negative, neutral, or absent (if not discussed or participant chose not to disclose). Those in the medication group reported only positive or neutral feedback from friends, family, partners, and providers. In contrast, the cannabis group participants reported positive feedback from friends, mixed feedback from family and partners, and negative feedback from providers, which was often felt to be stigmatizing. Many in the cannabis group also reported varying feedback from different medical providers. While the cannabis group frequently reported eliciting feedback from friends, family, and partners, the medication group often did not.

Conclusion Medication group participants reported entirely positive feedback from providers and often did not mention any feedback at all from partners, family, and friends. Cannabis group participants reported much more varied feedback, both positive and negative, from a variety of interpersonal contacts and sometimes decided to conceal their treatment choice after receiving or fearing negative feedback. We recommend further research into the health outcomes of pregnant patients who chose not to discuss their treatment decisions with providers, family, partners, or friends. We also suggest further study of possible reasons behind a lack of disclosure, including fear of stigma and/or legal consequences.

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Comparison of Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Specific Antibody Signatures in Maternal and Infant Blood after COVID-19 Infection versus COVID-19 Vaccination during Pregnancy
Authors: Sabharwal Vishakha , Taglauer Elizabeth , Demos Riley , Snyder-Cappione Jennifer , Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb Yazdani B. , Parker-Kelleher Samantha , Hunnewell Jessica , Boateng Jeffery , Clarke Katherine , Yuen Rachel , Barnett Elizabeth D. , Wachman Elisha M. , Yarrington Christina D.
Published: September 2023

Objective The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices and The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine for pregnant persons to prevent severe illness and death. The objective was to examine levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgG, IgM, and IgA against spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid protein (NCP) in maternal and infant/cord blood at delivery after COVID 19 vaccination compared with SARS-CoV-2 infection at in mother–infant dyads at specified time points.

Study Design Mothers with SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 31) or COVID-19 vaccination (n = 25) during pregnancy were enrolled between July 2020 and November 2021. Samples were collected at delivery and IgG, IgM, and IgA to RBD of spike and NCPs compared in the infected and vaccinated groups. Timing of infection/vaccination prior to delivery and correlation with antibody levels was performed.

Results The majority of participants received vaccination within 90 days of delivery and over half received the Pfizer BioNTech vaccine. There were no significant correlations between antibody levels and timing of infection or vaccination. Infant IgG levels to the RBD domain of spike protein were higher in the vaccinated group (n = 25) as compared with the infants born to mothers with infection (n = 31). Vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy was associated with detectable maternal and infant anti-RBD IgG levels at delivery irrespective of the timing of vaccination.

Conclusion Timing of vaccination had no correlation to the antibody levels suggesting that the timing of maternal vaccination in the cohort did not matter. There was no IgM detected in infants from vaccinated mothers. Infants from vaccinated mothers had robust IgG titers to RBD, which have a lasting protective effect in infants.

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Identification and Characterization of Chemical Constituents from Ammopiptanthus nanus Stem and Their Metabolites in Rats by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS
Authors: Chen Guanru , Sun Yanpei , Yushan Dilnur , Shaerbayi Nuerjiamali , Zhang Hongjuan , He Hongliang , Jin Yang , Chen Lina
Published: September 2023

Ammopiptanthus nanus as a Kirgiz medicine is widely used for the treatment of frostbite and chronic rheumatoid arthritis. However, due to a lack of systematic research on the
chemical components of A. nanus and their metabolites, the bioactive components in it remain unclear. Herein, a reliable strategy based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS was established to
comprehensively analyze the chemical components and their metabolites in vivo. In total, 59 compounds were identified from A. nanus stem extract, among which 14 isoflavones, 10
isoprenylated isoflavones, 4 polyhydroxy flavonoids, 9 alkaloids and 1 polyol were characterized for the first time. After oral administration of A. nanus stem extract, 30 prototype
constituents and 28 metabolites (12 phase I and 16 phase II metabolites) were speculated on and identified in rat serum, urine and feces. Furthermore, the metabolic pathways of the chemical
components were systematically analyzed and proposed. In conclusion, the chemical components from A. nanus stem and their metabolites in vivo were first studied, which may
provide useful chemical information for further study on the effective material basis and pharmacological mechanism of A. nanus.
The Impact of Spontaneous versus Indicated Preterm Birth on Neonatal Outcomes among Extremely Premature Neonates
Authors: Townsel Courtney , Hesson Ashley M. , Greco Patricia , Kazzi Nayla G. , Treadwell Marjorie C.
Published: September 2023

Objective This study aimed to investigate whether neonatal morbidity differs in spontaneous compared with indicated preterm births in extremely premature neonates.

Study Design This is a retrospective cohort study including births ≤28 weeks at a single institution from 2011 to 2020. Births were categorized as either medically indicated or spontaneous preterm deliveries. The primary outcome was inhospital mortality and serious morbidity in survivors. t-tests, Fisher's exact tests, chi-square tests, and logistic regression models were utilized as appropriate. p < 0.05 was significant.

Results Two hundred and twenty-seven births were included, with two-thirds representing spontaneous births (65.6%, 149/227) and one-third categorized as medically indicated births (34.4%, 78/227). Inhospital mortality was more common in the spontaneous preterm birth group (p = 0.04), while inhospital morbidity did not significantly vary between the medically indicated and spontaneous birth groups (p = 0.32). There was no difference in inhospital morbidity or mortality by maternal race. In multivariate models of inhospital morbidity and mortality, gestational age was the only significant predictor of adverse outcomes.

Conclusion Despite inhospital mortality being more common in spontaneous preterm births, inhospital mortality and significant morbidity are best accounted for by gestational age alone.

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