bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat Stress Increases Movement Jerk During Physical Exertion
Authors: Hostler David , Schwob Jacqueline , Schlader Zachary J. , Cavuoto Lora
Published: October 2021

Objective: Movement efficiency can be quantified during physical tasks by measuring the rate of change of acceleration (jerk). Jerk captures the smoothness of a motion and has been used to quantify movement for upper extremity and torso-based tasks. We collected triaxial accelerometer data during four physical tasks commonly performed in the work place to determine if jerk increases with physiologic strain.

Methods: Participants completed a circuit of activities that mimicked the demands of manual labor in hot (40°C) and temperate (18°C) conditions. The circuit included walking on a treadmill carrying a load on the shoulder, lifting objects from the floor to the table, using a dead blow to strike the end of a heavy steel beam, and a kneeling rope pull. After the 9 min circuit, the participant had a standing rest for 1 min before repeating the circuit 3 additional times. Participants were instrumented with four 3-axis accelerometers (Actigraph wGT3X) secured to the torso, wrist, and upper arm.

Results: There were 20 trials in the hot condition and 12 trials in the temperate condition. Heart rate and core body temperature increased during both protocols (p < 0.001). Measures of jerk varied by accelerometer location and activity. During treadmill walking, the wrist, torso, arm accelerometers measured higher jerk during the fourth circuit in the hot condition. During the lifting task, mean jerk increased in the hot condition in all accelerometers. Max jerk increased in the temperate condition in the arm accelerometer and jerk cost increased in the hot condition in the torso and arm accelerometers.

Conclusions: Forty minutes of paced work performed in the heat resulted in increased acceleration and jerk in accelerometers placed on the torso, arm, and wrist. The accelerometers most consistently reporting these changes were task specific and suggest that a limited number of worn sensors could identify the onset of fatigue and increased injury risk.
Hematological Parameters, Lipid Profile, and Cardiovascular Risk Analysis Among Genotype-Controlled Indigenous Kiwcha Men and Women Living at Low and High Altitudes
Authors: Ortiz-Prado Esteban , Portilla David , Mosquera-Moscoso Johanna , Simbaña-Rivera Katherine , Duta Diego , Ochoa Israel , Burgos German , Izquierdo-Condoy Juan S. , Vásconez Eduardo , Calvopiña Manuel , Viscor Ginés
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Human adaptation to high altitude is due to characteristic adjustments at every physiological level. Differences in lipid profile and cardiovascular risk factors in altitude dwellers have been previously explored. Nevertheless, there are no reports available on genotype-controlled matches among different altitude-adapted indigenous populations.

Objective: To explore the possible differences in plasma lipid profile and cardiovascular risk among autochthonous Kiwcha people inhabitants of low and high-altitude locations.

Methodology: A cross-sectional analysis of plasmatic lipid profiles and cardiovascular risk factors in lowland Kiwchas from Limoncocha (230 m) and high-altitude Kiwchas from Oyacachi (3,800 m).

Results: In the low altitude group, 66% were women (n = 78) and 34% (n = 40) were men, whereas in the high altitude group, 59% (n = 56) were women and 41% (n = 41%) were men. We found the proportion of overweight and obese individuals to be higher among low altitude dwellers (p < 0.05). Red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration, and SpO2% were higher among high altitude dwellers and the erythrocyte size was found to be smaller at high altitude. The group located at low altitude also showed lower levels of plasma cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL), but most of these differences are not influenced by gender or elevation.

Conclusions: Living at an altitude elicits well-known adaptive physiological changes such as erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit level, and serum glucose level. We also report clinical differences in the plasma lipid profile, with higher levels of cholesterol, HDL, and LDL in inhabitants of the Andes Mountain vs. their Amazonian basin peers. Despite this, we did not find significant differences in cardiovascular risk.
The Role of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor in Tendon Healing
Authors: Liu Xueli , Zhu Bin , Li Yujie , Liu Xinyue , Guo Sheng , Wang Chenglong , Li Sen , Wang Dingxuan
Published: October 2021

Angiogenesis is crucial to facilitate tendon healing, such as delivering oxygen and nutrients, removing waste products, and controlling immune responses. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most vital angiogenic factors that regulate blood vessel formation in tendon healing. Recently, biological therapies, including the application of exogenous VEGF, have been attracting increasing attention. However, at present, the effect of the application of exogenous VEGF in tendon healing is controversial, as the role of endogenous VEGF in tendons has also not been fully elucidated. This article will summarize the role of both endogenous and exogenous VEGF in tendon healing and discuss possible reasons for the controversy. The present review shows that tendon repair is facilitated only by proper angiogenesis and VEGF at the early stage, whereas the persistent high VEGF expression and prolonged presence of blood vessels may impair tendon repair at a later stage.
How Emotional Intelligence Influences Cognitive Outcomes Among University Students: The Mediating Role of Relational Engagement During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Iqbal Javed , Ashraf Muhammad Azeem , Perveen Shahnaz , Qureshi Naima , Imran Zahid , Jin Ning
Published: October 2021

This study investigated the relationships among emotional intelligence (EI), relational engagement (RE), and cognitive outcomes (COs). A survey questionnaire containing 34 statements was completed by 338 undergraduate students from the four universities of China, with responses recorded on a 7-point Likert-type scale. The relationships were examined using the partial least squares structural equation modeling. The findings showed that EI influenced the COs directly and indirectly during the pandemic. In the forms of self-regulation (SR) and social skills (SS), the high levels of EI improved the COs of the students. Further, the aspects of EI, such as SR, self-awareness (SA), empathy (E), motivation (M), and SS were found to improve the RE of the students. The RE was positively correlated with the COs, indicating its potential for improving critical thinking among university students. Finally, the RE was a key mediator of the relationship between the EI and COs. It is concluded that the students with higher levels of EI and RE may achieve better COs. The implications of the research and suggestions for future studies are also discussed.
Curarse a través de la rabia.
Authors: Prata Giuliana , Raffin Cinzia
Published: October 2021

A través de la historia de una paciente diagnosticada como fóbica y de su terapia, los autores proponen una hipótesis interpretativa del “juego fóbico” que pone el énfasis en los mecanismos relacionales que éste alimenta. Los autores plantean, además, a través de una redefinición lingüística de la vivencia fóbica, un posible línea terapéutica.
Perspectivas narrativas en la teoría y en la práctica.
Authors: Vogel David
Published: October 2021

En este artículo primero se presenta el análisis de la representación, para ofrecer una base para la definición de la narrativa como una forma de representación en la cual los hechos se organizan en secuencias significativas. Después de una explicación y comparación de las posiciones en el uso de la narrativa adoptadas por Efran y Niemeyer, se presenta una tercera orientación constructivista más radical de la narrativa en psicología. Esta orientación se basa en el concepto de perspectiva incongruente, un concepto crítico en el análisis del cambio conceptual en muchas áreas, incluyendo la psicoterapia. El desarrollo del concepto de la narrativa en la psicología constructivista se puede fomentar a través de una combinación del análisis de narrativas discretas y una perspectiva narrativa que dirige toda mente humana.
Transformaciones: una propuesta para cambios narrativos en psicoterapia.
Authors: Sluzki Carlos E.
Published: October 2021

Si concebimos las conductas problemáticas o sintomáticas como engarzadas y sustentadas por historias colectivas, podemos describir la terapia como un proceso transformativo a través del cual los pacientes, las familias y los terapeutas co-generan cambios cualitativos en tales historias. El énfasis en las narrativas permite especificar cómo estas transformaciones se producen al nivel más “micro” de los intercambios que se producen a través del diálogo en la consulta. Este trabajo propone una sistematización específica de este proceso, para finalizar con una discusión acerca del potencial clínico, de entrenamiento y de investigación.
Narración y psicoterapia relacional.
Authors: Galluzzo Walther
Published: October 2021

Se propone una analogía entre la construcción de historias autobiográficas (individuales, familiares y/o sociales) y el concepto de identidad. Se analiza la estructura del pensamiento narrativo y se sugiere una concepción no determinística del tiempo que se aproxima al principio de equifinalidad. El proceso psicoterapéutico se presenta como una estructuración de las tramas narrativas individuales y familiares. Finalmente se exponen un caso terapéutico y un modelo de intervención.
The Antibiofilm Nanosystems for Improved Infection Inhibition of Microbes in Skin
Authors: Lin Yin-Ku , Yang Shih-Chun , Hsu Ching-Yun , Sung Jui-Tai , Fang Jia-You
Published: October 2021

Biofilm formation is an important virulence factor for the opportunistic microorganisms that elicit skin infections. The recalcitrant feature of biofilms and their antibiotic tolerance impose a great challenge on the use of conventional therapies. Most antibacterial agents have difficulty penetrating the matrix produced by a biofilm. One novel approach to address these concerns is to prevent or inhibit the formation of biofilms using nanoparticles. The advantages of using nanosystems for antibiofilm applications include high drug loading efficiency, sustained or prolonged drug release, increased drug stability, improved bioavailability, close contact with bacteria, and enhanced accumulation or targeting to biomasses. Topically applied nanoparticles can act as a strategy for enhancing antibiotic delivery into the skin. Various types of nanoparticles, including metal oxide nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, and lipid-based nanoparticles, have been employed for topical delivery to treat biofilm infections on the skin. Moreover, nanoparticles can be designed to combine with external stimuli to produce magnetic, photothermal, or photodynamic effects to ablate the biofilm matrix. This study focuses on advanced antibiofilm approaches based on nanomedicine for treating skin infections. We provide in-depth descriptions on how the nanoparticles could effectively eliminate biofilms and any pathogens inside them. We then describe cases of using nanoparticles for antibiofilm treatment of the skin. Most of the studies included in this review were supported by in vivo animal infection models. This article offers an overview of the benefits of nanosystems for treating biofilms grown on the skin.
A Novel Dual Organocatalyst for the Asymmetric Pinder Reaction and a Mechanistic Proposal Consistent with the Isoinversion Effect Thereof
Authors: Moschona Fotini , Vagena Athena , Vidali Veroniki P. , Rassias Gerasimos
Published: October 2021

In general, the Pinder reaction concerns the reaction between an enolisable anhydride and an aldehyde proceeding initially through a Knoevenagel reaction followed by the ring closing process generating lactones with at least two chiral centers. These scaffolds are frequently present in natural products and synthetic bioactive molecules, hence it has attracted intense interest in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry, particularly with respect to controlling the diastereo- and enantioselectivity. To the best of our knowledge, there has been only one attempt prior to this work towards the development of a catalytic enantioselective Pinder reaction. In our approach, we designed, synthesized, and tested dual chiral organocatalysts by combining BIMAH amines, (2-(α-(alkyl)methanamine)-1H-benzimidazoles, and a Lewis acid motif, such as squaramides, ureas and thioureas. The optimum catalyst was the derivative of isopropyl BIMAH bearing a bis(3,5-trifluoromethyl) thiourea, which afforded the Pinder products from various aromatic aldehydes with diastereomeric ratio >98:2 and enatioselectivity up to 92 ee%. Interestingly, the enantioselectivity of this catalyzed process is increased at higher concentrations and exhibits an isoinversion effect, namely an inverted "U" shaped dependency with respect to the temperature. Mechanistically, these features, point to a transition state involving an entropy-favored heterodimer interaction between a catalyst/anhydride and a catalyst/aldehyde complex when all other processes leading to this are much faster in comparison above the isoinversion temperature.
N-Glycosylation Profiling of Human Blood in Type 2 Diabetes by Capillary Electrophoresis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Torok Rebeka , Horompoly Klaudia , Szigeti Marton , Guttman Andras , Vitai Marta , Koranyi Laszlo , Jarvas Gabor
Published: October 2021

Currently, diagnosing type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a great challenge. Thus, there is a need to find rapid, simple, and reliable analytical methods that can detect the disease at an early stage. The aim of this work was to shed light on the importance of sample collection options, sample preparation conditions, and the applied capillary electrophoresis bioanalytical technique, for a high-resolution determination of the N-glycan profile in human blood samples of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). To achieve the profile information of these complex oligosaccharides, linked by asparagine to hIgG in the blood, the glycoproteins of the samples needed to be cleaved, labelled, and purified with sufficient yield and selectivity. The resulting samples were analyzed by capillary electrophoresis, with laser-induced fluorescence detection. After separation parameter optimization, the capillary electrophoresis technique was implemented for efficient N-glycan profiling of whole blood samples from the diabetic patients. Our results revealed that there were subtle differences between the N-glycan profiles of the diabetic and control samples; in particular, two N-glycan structures were identified as potential glycobiomarkers that could reveal significant changes between the untreated/treated type 2 diabetic and control samples. By analyzing the resulting oligosaccharide profiles, clinically relevant information was obtained, revealing the differences between the untreated and HMG-CoA reductase-inhibitor-treated diabetic patients on changes in the N-glycan profile in the blood. In addition, the information from specific IgG N-glycosylation profiles in T2D could shed light on underlying inflammatory pathophysiological processes and lead to drug targets.
Microencapsulated Isoniazid-Loaded Metal–Organic Frameworks for Pulmonary Administration of Antituberculosis Drugs
Authors: Fernández-Paz Cristina , Fernández-Paz Estefanía , Salcedo-Abraira Pablo , Rojas Sara , Barrios-Esteban Sheila , Csaba Noemi , Horcajada Patricia , Remuñán-López Carmen
Published: October 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that causes a great number of deaths in the world (1.5 million people per year). This disease is currently treated by administering high doses of various oral anti-TB drugs for prolonged periods (up to 2 years). While this regimen is normally effective when taken as prescribed, many people with TB experience difficulties in complying with their medication schedule. Furthermore, the oral administration of standard anti-TB drugs causes severe side effects and widespread resistances. Recently, we proposed an original platform for pulmonary TB treatment consisting of mannitol microspheres (Ma MS) containing iron (III) trimesate metal–organic framework (MOF) MIL-100 nanoparticles (NPs). In the present work, we loaded this system with the first-line anti-TB drug isoniazid (INH) and evaluated both the viability and safety of the drug vehicle components, as well as the cell internalization of the formulation in alveolar A549 cells. Results show that INH-loaded MOF (INH@MIL-100) NPs were efficiently microencapsulated in Ma MS, which displayed suitable aerodynamic characteristics for pulmonary administration and non-toxicity. MIL-100 and INH@MIL-100 NPs were efficiently internalized by A549 cells, mainly localized in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, the proposed micro-nanosystem is a good candidate for the pulmonary administration of anti-TB drugs.
3-O-Carbamoyl-5,7,20-O-trimethylsilybins: Synthesis and Preliminary Antiproliferative Evaluation
Authors: Wu Sitong , Chen Guanglin , Zhang Qiang , Wang Guangdi , Chen Qiao-Hong
Published: October 2021

To search for novel androgen receptor (AR) modulators for the potential treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), naturally occurring silibinin was sought after as a lead compound because it possesses a moderate potency towards AR-positive prostate cancer cells and its chemical scaffold is dissimilar to all currently marketed AR antagonists. On the basis of the structure–activity relationships that we have explored, this study aims to incorporate carbamoyl groups to the alcoholic hydroxyl groups of silibinin to improve its capability in selectively suppressing AR-positive prostate cancer cell proliferation together with water solubility. To this end, a feasible approach was developed to regioselectively introduce a carbamoyl group to the secondary alcoholic hydroxyl group at C-3 without causing the undesired oxidation at C2–C3, providing an avenue for achieving 3-O-carbamoyl-5,7,20-O-trimethylsilybins. The application of the synthetic method can be extended to the synthesis of 3-O-carbamoyl-3′,4′,5,7-O-tetramethyltaxifolins. The antiproliferative potency of 5,7,20-O-trimethylsilybin and its nine 3-carbamoyl derivatives were assessed in an AR-positive LNCaP prostate cancer cell line and two AR-null prostate cancer cell lines (PC-3 and DU145). Our preliminary bioassay data imply that 5,7,20-O-trimethylsilybin and four 3-O-carbamoyl-5,7,20-O-trimethylsilybins emerge as very promising lead compounds due to the fact that they can selectively suppress AR-positive LNCaP cell proliferation. The IC50 values of these five 5,7,20-O-trimethylsilybins against the LNCaP cells fall into the range of 0.11–0.83 µM, which exhibit up to 660 times greater in vitro antiproliferative potency than silibinin. Our findings suggest that carbamoylated 5,7,20-O-trimethylsilybins could serve as a natural product-based scaffold for new antiandrogens for lethal castration-resistant prostate cancer.
The Dethronement of Bernardo II in 1615. The Role of a Violence and Christianity in Ideology of Power in Kongo in the first half of the 17th century
Authors: PIĘTEK Robert
Published: October 2021

The article presents a spectacular occurrence of violence in Kongo during the first half of the 17th century related to power struggles, shown mainly on the example of Bernardo II being dethroned by Álvaro III. Executing rivals in such a striking fashion was both meant as a warning to potential rebels against taking similar actions, and as a way to emphasize the monarch’s power. Christianity played also important role in Kongolese ideology of royal power, which obviously did not exclude referring to pre-Christian customs. Despite such actions, the Kongolese monarchs did not manage to gain full control of the territory during the first half of the 17th century or to counteract the revolts.
ECS an Endeavor Towards Providing Similar Cache Reliability Behavior in Different Programs
Authors: Ahmadilivani Mohammad Hasan , Moeini Jahromi Mohammad , E. Salehi Mostafa , Kargar Mona
Published: October 2021

The
reliability of embedded processors is one of the major concerns in
safety-critical applications. Reliability is particularly expressed within the
cache memories which are the largest part of new system on chips. Cache
memories are the most vulnerable parts of the embedded systems and can affect
the reliability drastically especially in deep transistor scaling. Therefore,
evaluating the cache vulnerability is crucial in the design of a reliable
system especially for safety-critical applications. It
has been shown that using the same cache sizes for different programs leads to
incompatible vulnerability patterns in them. According to the literature, most
of the related researches, have exploited identical cache sizes for different
programs in their reliability evaluations, while the cache reliability strictly
depends on the cache size and program behavior. Traditional attempts for
finding an appropriate cache size for different programs would need a huge
design space exploration. In this work, we have introduced a criterion for
determining the Effective Cache Size (ECS) for embedded processors which
considers the inherent programs’ reliability and performance properties.
According to the results, using the ECS for the representative benchmark
applications, the reliability would be increased 43x on average with acceptable
performance degradations (21% on average).
СУЩНОСТЬ И НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ НЕКОТОРЫХ ФОРМ УЧАСТИЯ ГРАЖДАН В ОСУЩЕСТВЛЕНИИ МЕСТНОГО САМОУПРАВЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Муцалов Ш.Ш. , Кайсарова Х.С.-А.
Published: October 2021

В научной статье анализируются некоторые формы участия граждан в осуществлении местного самоуправления; Обозначаются проблемы и намечаются пути их решения при оценке муниципальных выборов. При анализе института отзыва депутата представительного органа местного самоуправления отмечается, что большое количество мероприятий, направленных на избрание власти, сегодня характеризуется через свойство абсентеизма избирателя, выражающегося прежде всего в низкой явке, что при отмене порога явки на выборы фактически нивелирует установленный конституционно принцип. Исследуется концепция территориального общественного самоуправления (ТОС) как инструмента развития территорий. Рассматриваются вопросы использования зарубежного опыта при разработке концепции территориального самоуправления на территории муниципального образования.
The Artist and the Art in ‘O Guarani’, by José de Alencar, an adaptation by Pedro Pernambuco
Authors: Monteiro Soares Fabiana de Barros , Panerai Alves Thelma
Published: October 2021

During the COVID-19 pandemic, The Família Pernambuco2, a folk-dance group, decides to gather people to produce an online video dance presentation and face the challenges of the year 2020 through art.Formed by people of different ages and professional backgrounds, with artistic experience or not and spread around some cities in the world, the group was engaged in the process of the production of the show ‘O Guarani’ by Pedro Pernambuco, an adaptation of the homonymous work by the Brazilian romantic writer, José de Alencar. The original work narrates the unconditional love of the indigenous, Peri for the young white lady, Ceci. For Pedro Pernambuco, Peri represents the artist who does everything to protect his love, the art, Ceci. Thus, this is the encounter of the Artist with the Art. In this adaptation all participants were invited to go deep in search of their own art and the meaning of it to their lives.From this collection of home-made recordings, the group, formed only by volunteers, gathered everybody’s participations to produce the narrative of their own findings as artists, who through the dance and the acting, defended the Art, as Peri did with Ceci.Under the general direction of Pedro Pernambuco and Carmen Queiroz and with poems by Amélia Veloso3 and direction of choreography by José W. Júnior, the video dance show ‘O Guarani’, by Pedro Pernambuco will be released in the end of the first semester of 2021 on open video-streaming platforms.
Factors underlying the success of Megamalls over small shop retailing in Ibadan Metropolis
Authors: Olonade Olawale Yinusa , Busari Dauda Aderemi , Egharevba Matthew E. , George Tayo O. , Adetunde Christiana Olufunke
Published: October 2021

Megamalls reflect the social and cultural environment, and have to a large extent, imbibe modernity attributes. It pursues the status of 'global product' and is mainly global. Often, individuals visit the megamall to search for various items at various times of the day, week, or year. Megamalls offer a secluded and easy perfect life in a city center. This study aims at understanding the underlying factors responsible for the success of mega shopping malls over small scale retail outlets in Ibadan metropolis. The study was anchored on modernization theory; a qualitative and quantitative method was combined to collect data from 222 respondents. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution tables and percentages and content analysis for the qualitative data. Findings show that megamall is increasing in Nigeria, but existing small shops languish in low patronage and sales. Their appearance in the city's structure has attracted people's attention in terms of resemblance in urban centers with social relations in a different organisation that embraces modern life components. It was also found that the essence of megamall originated from the variable choices of people, the growth of residential locations, household income increased, increased acquaintance to different lifestyles, improved consumer aspirations, double-income families, conducive and serene environment. Also, safety and a secure environment, an exhibition of ostentatious lifestyles, friendly customer care services, and one-stop shopping are the major factors underlying megamalls' success over small shops in the Ibadan metropolis. Ultimately, this study shows that megamalls are subsuming small shops retailing every standard and measure with every tool and strategy at their disposal. Therefore, it was recommended that there is a need for more megamalls as it provides people with convenient purchasing, beautifying the environment, and booming the economy without neglecting adequate grants, loans, and other necessary supports for small shop retailing systems. This will contribute immensely to society's sustainable development and boost the economy locally
Factors of influence on the quality of services provided by the employment center of Bryansk
Authors: Гостенина В.И.
Published: October 2021

в статье отражены результаты социологического исследования состояния и качества услуг по трудоустройству граждан в Брянске. Приведены факторы, оказывающие негативное влияние на качество предоставляемых услуг, указан перечень услуг государственного центра занятости населения, которыми пользуются граждане.

The article reflects the results of a sociological study on the state and quality of employment services for citizens in Bryansk. The factors that have a negative impact on the quality of services provided are given, and the list of services provided by the state employment center of the population, which are used by citizens, is indicated.
Primipar Annelerde Doğum Şeklinin Doğum Sonu Konfor ve Emzirme Başarısına Etkisi
Authors: ÜNAL Esra , KAYA ŞENOL Derya
Published: October 2021

Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı, primipar annelerde doğum şeklinin doğum sonu konfor ve emzirme başarısına etkisinin belirlenmesidir.
Yöntem: Bu çalışma kesitsel ve ilişki arayıcı tiptedir. Çalışmanın örneklem büyüklüğü hesaplamasında G*Power Versiyon 3.1.9.4 kullanılmıştır. %95 güven (1-α), 95 test gücü (1-β), d=0.993 etki büyüklüğü ve çift yönlü t testi ile her bir grupta alınması gereken örnek sayısı 28 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada basit rastgele örnekleme yöntemi ile vajinal doğum yapan 30, sezaryen doğum yapan 30 olmak üzere toplamda 60 primipar anneye ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Doğum Sonu Konfor Ölçeği (DSKÖ) ve LATCH Emzirme Ölçeği (LEÖ) ile 01.10.2020-20.02.2021 tarihlerinde primipar annelerden çevrimiçi anket bağlantısı aracılığıyla toplanmıştır.
Bulgular: Primipar annelerin DSKÖ ile LEÖ puan ortalamaları karşılaştırıldığında gruplararası istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Annelerin LEÖ ile DSKÖ alt boyut puanları korelasyon katsayıları bakımından anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Çalışmanın sonucunda; annelerin doğum sonu konfor düzeyleri ve emzirme başarılarının orta düzeyde olduğu ve doğum şeklinin doğum sonu konfor ve emzirme başarısı üzerinde etkisi olmadığı görülmektedir.
An Exploration into Akan Traditional Patterns of Learning and its Significance for Contemporary Akan Christian Formation
Authors: Opuni-Frimpong Kwabena
Published: October 2021

The study is an exploration into the Akan traditional patterns of learning and how it provides educational resources to contemporary Akan Christian formation. It engages some renowned Akan Christian scholars in reflections on the premissionary Akan traditional learning patterns before their encounter with the Western missionaries in observation and interviews. The indigenous knowledge systems like the rites of passage remain available educational resources that must attract the intellectual considerations of Akan Christian educators. As qualitative in its methodology, the study examined available materials on the subject and conducted interviews with some individuals who were considered to have significant insights on the subject. The study has noted that Akan traditional patterns of learning possess relevant information that must be considered by the church in its quest for relevant contemporary patterns of Christian formation in African Christianity. Traditional Patterns of Learning, it is recommended, must attract academic examination and research to unearth the deep-seated worth of intellectual weight that has not attracted thorough Christian consideration due to the European-value setting for Western missionary established churches among the Akan people of Ghana.

Keywords: Indigenous Knowledge Systems, Christian Education, Rites of Passage, Cultural Values, Traditional Patterns of Learning.
Electromagnetic Proton Beam Instabilities in the Inner Heliosphere: Energy Transfer Rate, Radial Distribution, and Effective Excitation
Authors: Liu Wen , Zhao Jinsong , Xie Huasheng , Yao Yuhang , Wu Dejin , Lee L. C.
Published: October 2021

Differential flows among different ion species are often observed in the solar wind, and such ion differential flows can provide the free energy to drive Alfvén/ion cyclotron and fast-magnetosonic/whistler instabilities. Previous works mainly focused on ion beam instability under the parameters representative of the solar wind nearby 1 au. In this paper we further study proton beam instability using the radial models of the magnetic field and plasma parameters in the inner heliosphere. We explore a comprehensive distribution of proton beam instability as functions of the heliocentric distance and the beam speed. We also perform a detailed analysis of the energy transfer between unstable waves and particles and quantify how much the free energy of the proton beam flows into unstable waves and other kinds of particle species (i.e., proton core, alpha particle, and electron). This work clarifies that both parallel and perpendicular electric fields are responsible for the excitation of oblique Alfvén/ion cyclotron and oblique fast-magnetosonic/whistler instabilities. Moreover, this work proposes an effective growth length to estimate whether the instability is efficiently excited or not. It shows that oblique Alfvén/ion cyclotron instability, oblique fast-magnetosonic/whistler instability, and oblique Alfvén/ion beam instability can be efficiently driven by proton beams drifting at the speed ∼600–1300 km s−1 in the solar atmosphere. In particular, oblique Alfvén/ion cyclotron waves driven in the solar atmosphere can be significantly damped therein, leading to solar corona heating. These results are helpful for understanding proton beam dynamics in the inner heliosphere and can be verified through in situ satellite measurements.
Formation and Characteristics of Filament Threads in Double-dipped Magnetic Flux Tubes
Authors: Guo J. H. , Zhou Y. H. , Guo Y. , Ni Y. W. , Karpen J. T. , Chen P. F.
Published: October 2021

As one of the main formation mechanisms of solar filament formation, the chromospheric evaporation–coronal condensation model has been confirmed by numerical simulations to explain the formation of filament threads very well in flux tubes with single dips. However, coronal magnetic extrapolations indicated that some magnetic field lines might possess more than one dip. It is expected that the formation process would be significantly different in this case compared to a single-dipped magnetic flux tube. In this paper, based on the evaporation–condensation model, we study filament thread formation in double-dipped magnetic flux tubes by numerical simulations. We find that only with particular combinations of magnetic configuration and heating, e.g., concentrated localized heating and a long magnetic flux tube with deep dips, can two threads form and persist in a double-dipped magnetic flux tube. Comparing our parametric survey with observations, we conclude that such magnetically connected threads due to multiple dips are more likely to exist in quiescent filaments than in active-region filaments. Moreover, we find that these threads are usually shorter than independently trapped threads, which might be one of the reasons why quiescent filaments have short threads. These characteristics of magnetically connected threads could also explain barbs and vertical threads in quiescent filaments.
The Impact of Shocks on the Vertical Structure of Eccentric Disks
Authors: Ryu Taeho , Krolik Julian , Piran Tsvi
Published: October 2021

Accretion disks whose matter follows eccentric orbits can arise in multiple astrophysical situations. Unlike circular orbit disks, the vertical gravity in eccentric disks varies around the orbit. In this paper, we investigate some of the dynamical effects of this varying gravity on the vertical structure using 1D hydrodynamics simulations of individual gas columns assumed to be mutually noninteracting. We find that time-dependent gravitational pumping generically creates shocks near pericenter; the energy dissipated in the shocks is taken from the orbital energy. Because the kinetic energy per unit mass in vertical motion near pericenter can be large compared to the net orbital energy, the shocked gas can be heated to nearly the virial temperature, and some of it becomes unbound. These shocks affect larger fractions of the disk mass for larger eccentricity and/or disk aspect ratio. If the orbit can be maintained despite orbital energy loss, diverse initial structures evolve in only a few orbits so that they follow a limit cycle characterized by a low-entropy midplane and a much higher entropy outer layer. In favorable cases (such as the tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black holes), these effects could be a potentially important energy dissipation and mass-loss mechanism.
Wave Excitation by Power-law-Distributed Energetic Electrons with Pitch-angle Anisotropy in the Solar Corona
Authors: Zhou Xiaowei , Muñoz Patricio A. , Büchner Jörg , Liu Siming , Yao Xin
Published: October 2021

Radio waves from the Sun are emitted, as a rule, due to energized electrons. Observations infer that the related energized electrons follow (negative) power-law velocity distributions above a break velocity U

b
. They might also distribute anisotropically in the pitch-angle space. To understand radio wave generation better, we study the consequences of anisotropic power-law-distributed energetic electrons in current-free collisionless coronal plasmas utilizing 2.5-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. We assume that the velocity distribution f

u
of the energized electrons follows a plateau (∂f

u
/∂u = 0) and a power-law distribution with spectral index α for velocities below and above U

b
, respectively. In the pitch-angle space, these energized electrons are spread around a center μ

c
= 0.5. We found that the energetic plateau-power-law electrons can more efficiently generate coherent waves if the anisotropy of their pitch-angle distribution is sufficiently strong, i.e., a small pitch-angle spread μ

s
. The break velocity U

b
affects the excitation dominance between the electrostatic and electromagnetic waves: for larger U

b
electrostatic waves are mainly excited, while intermediate values of U

b
are required for an excitation dominated by electromagnetic waves. The spectral index α controls the growth rate, efficiency, saturation, and anisotropy of the excited electromagnetic waves as well as the energy partition in different wave modes. These excited electromagnetic waves are predominantly right-handed polarized, in X- and Z-modes, as observed, e.g., in solar radio spikes. Additionally about 90% of the kinetic energy loss of the energetic electrons is dissipated, heating the ambient thermal electrons. This may contribute to the coronal heating.
Variable Stars in Local Group Galaxies. VI. The Isolated Dwarfs VV 124 and KKr 25
Authors: Neeley Jillian R. , Monelli Matteo , Marengo Massimo , Fiorentino Giuliana , Vivas A. Katherina , Walker Alistair , Gallart Carme , Martínez-Vázquez C. E. , Bono Giuseppe , Cassisi Santi , Marconi Marcella , Dall’Ora Massimo , Sarajedini Ata
Published: October 2021

We present the discovery of variable stars in two isolated dwarf galaxies in the outskirts of the Local Group, VV 124 and KKr 25, using observations with the Hubble Space Telescope. VV 124 hosts stellar populations with a wide range of ages (>10 Gyr until the present) and therefore we find all types of classical pulsators. In VV 124, we detect a total of 771 variable stars, including 78 classical Cepheids, 10 anomalous Cepheids, one Type II Cepheid, 678 RR Lyrae stars, and four eclipsing binaries. In KKr 25, we find 25 anomalous Cepheids, 46 RR Lyrae stars, and no classical Cepheids, thus the galaxy does not have a strong young population. A comparison of the variables with evolutionary tracks suggests that both galaxies may contain an intrinsic spread in metallicity, but overall are fairly metal-poor. We also present detailed simulations, which have been designed to estimate the completeness of our variable catalog. Particularly in the cases for which the observations are not deep enough to reach the main-sequence turnoff, such as the more distant Local Group dwarf galaxies, the techniques developed here can be used together with relatively shallow color–magnitude diagrams to inform on the nature of galactic populations over the full range of ages.
Le salut par la santé : ce que l’histoire du travail nous apprend sur la crise sanitaire de 2020
Authors: Gomez Pierre-Yves
Published: October 2021

La Covid-19 révèle la religiosité spécifique de notre société occidentale qui repose sur la croyance en la toute-puissance d’une technostructure de gestion capable de contrôler les maladies qui nous menacent. Prenant l’histoire de la santé au travail et de sa pathologisation comme exemple, l’article montre comment la rationalité managériale dans les entreprises tire sa légitimité et son pouvoir de sa capacité à 1) définir ce qu’est une maladie professionnelle et 2) maîtriser les outils qui permettent aux travailleurs de s’en protéger. La confiance de la population dans les experts gestionnaires n’est acquise que dans la mesure où ils lui assurent qu’ils travaillent pour sa santé dans un environnement que ces mêmes experts décrivent comme potentiellement de plus en plus pathogène. Cette dialectique explique la soumission massive des populations aux injections des managers lors de la crise sanitaire de 2020. Mais elle contient les germes de risques quant à la pérennité de telles croyances.
Les relations professionnelles des « parties prenantes » aux nouvelles « subordinations du travail » ?
Authors: Groux Guy
Published: October 2021

L’article expose les effets de la pandémie de la Covid 19 sur les ressources humaines dans les firmes. Les modes d’organisation du travail ont été bouleversés comme le montre notamment l’essor du télétravail et ses effets sur les relations hiérarchiques et les liens sociaux qui structurent la production. Mais en l’occurrence, les questions posées par la pandémie n’ont souvent fait que reprendre certaines des questions qui se posaient auparavant de manière cruciale. Portées par les bouleversements qui affectent l’entreprise depuis de longues années, elles sont appelées à s’accentuer plus encore dans le futur. Au-delà de la pandémie de la Covid 19, les pressions subies par l’entreprise s’amplifieront plus encore face aux transitions écologiques et numériques actuelles. Dans ce cadre, la réflexion concerne les rôles et les liens qui s’établissent entre les « multiples » acteurs ou « parties prenantes » qui agissent dans ou sur l’entreprise. Deux aspects plus particuliers retiennent l’attention : la place et l’influence de ces acteurs face au pouvoir et à la décision économique ; la place du travail dans ces nouveaux contextes de « parties prenantes ».
Covid-19 : crise ou catastrophe ? Une question d’identité
Authors: Ramanantsoa Bernard
Published: October 2021

La Covid-19 bouleverse beaucoup de nos habitudes, de nos rituels, et surtout de nos relations. Aux yeux du collectif et de l’Histoire, est-ce grave ? Ou peut-on considérer que ce n’est qu’ennuyeux et que cela laissera peu de traces ? Pour réfléchir à cette question (avoir l’ambition d’y répondre serait à coup sûr prétentieux), nous avons mobilisé les concepts de crise et de catastrophe et nous nous interrogerons sur l’impact de la Covid-19 sur nos imaginaires et nos identités.
Mobilité résidentielle et vieillissement : pour le meilleur et contre le pire
Authors: Aouici Sabrina , Nowik Laurent
Published: October 2021

Sur l’ensemble des mobilités résidentielles observées chez les personnes à la retraite, une partie intervient en lien avec l’avancée en âge. Cet article vise à les distinguer des mobilités d’agrément et à en comprendre les logiques. En se concentrant sur la situation française, les résultats des enquêtes Logement de l’Insee, qui fournissent un état des lieux régulier des mobilités résidentielles, sont examinés dans un premier temps. L’enquête Amare (Ancrage et mobilité résidentielle à la retraite) est mobilisée à la suite. Par son approche qualitative, elle permet de comprendre plus finement la manière dont les mobilités résidentielles d’ ajustement prennent forme pendant la retraite. L’analyse confirme la recherche de protection matérielle ou affective chez certains retraités par le biais de la mobilité résidentielle. Sous l’effet du vieillissement individuel, les mobilités d’ajustement relèvent souvent d’une combinaison d’intentions personnelles, difficilement dissociables, s’inscrivant dans la continuité de parcours biographiques et de configurations familiales spécifiques.
Unilateral Traumatic Posterior Corneal Ectasia: Clinical Manifestations, Findings of Advanced Imaging, and Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Kansal Vinay , Ambrósio Renato , Sharma Vikas
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE:

To describe a case of unilateral isolated traumatic posterior corneal ectasia characterized by advanced multi-modal diagnostic tests.

METHODS:

Case report and literature review.

RESULTS:

Following blunt trauma to the left eye, a 34-year-old woman presented with persistently blurry vision. Central corneal thickness was 300 µm, compared to 519 µm in the right eye. Scheimpflug tomography revealed significant corneal thinning in a defined inferotemporal region with corresponding elevation of the posterior corneal surface. Posterior corneal ectasia was confirmed with anterior segment optical coherence tomography. Wavefront aberrometry demonstrated increased higher order aberrations in the affected eye. Vision remained stable during 4.5 years of follow-up with a final visual acuity of 20/50 maintained with spectacle correction only.

CONCLUSIONS:

A unique case of unilateral post-traumatic posterior corneal ectasia was presented. The multi-modal imaging provided a detailed characterization of the structural characteristics of the cornea, guided management, and allowed for differentiation from other corneal pathologies at an early stage.

[
Journal of Refractive Surgery Case Reports
. 2021;1(2):e31–e35.]
Connecting Computational Thinking (CT) Concept with the Game-Based Learning (GBL) Elements
Authors: Yunus Emram , Zaibon Syamsul Bahrin
Published: October 2021

This study aims to identify the game-based learning component (GBL) and the concept of computational thinking (CT) that can be integrated together in a design model. GBL and CT concept components are obtained through analysis of previous research and specialist consultancy. The method of analytical analysis is based on the Kitchenham method, (2004) which consists of 3 phases i.e. planning, implementation and documentation. This analysis started on March to May 2020 and involved 398 articles related to GBL and CT.  However, there are only 15 articles on the development element of the GBL application and 8 articles related to the CT concept were used. During an expert consultancy, 15 specialists was involved in various backgrounds and experience in GBL and CT. The result shows that there are 6 main elements and 21 sub-elements of GBL. 6 main elements consist of rules, objectives, feedback, interactions, challenges and narrative. Meanwhile, the sub-element consists of the operating rules, basic rules, explicit rules and behaviours, measures, goals, gamification purposes, marks, rewards, badges/awards, player charts, characters, consequences, constraints, levels of games, fun, competition, control, space, engagement and curiosity that have been matched with their main elements. The main element and sub-element of the GBL is called GBL component. Each of these GBL components is integrated with 7 concepts of CT i.e. decomposition, algorithm, abstraction, logical reasoning, assessment, evaluation, pattern recognition and automation.
Pharmaceuticals in Environment
Authors: Bali Alka
Published: October 2021

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) constitute an integral part of modern healthcare systems which enter the environment through various routes. Because of their inherent biological activity, their presence in soil and the aquatic environment poses several eco-toxicological problems. Antibiotic contamination of soil and water bodies is leading to the development of microbial resistance to antibiotics and this has been recognized by several global bodies like WHO and EPA. Effective steps need to be taken in this regard including increased awareness, reduced pharmaceutical discharges in environment, green and sustainable pharmaceutical practice by pharmaceutical industry and healthcare professionals and improved remediation/bioremediation methods. This chapter outlines the various anticipated routes of exposure of pharmaceuticals to the environment along with their detrimental effects, fate and degradation in aquatic and terrestrial environments. The chapter also dwells upon the role of various regulatory bodies and plausible measures that may be adopted to alleviate the problem.
Hydrogen
Authors: Ngqalakwezi Athule , Nkazi Diakanua Bevon , Baloyi Siwela Jeffrey , Ntho Thabang Abraham
Published: October 2021

Global warming is a pertinent issue and is quintessential of the environmental issues that the world is facing, and thereby, remedial actions and technologies that aim to alleviate this issue are of paramount importance. In this chapter, hydrogen has been discussed as an alternative energy that can potentially replace traditional fuels such as diesel and gasoline. The storage of hydrogen as a gas, liquid, and solid was discussed. The key issues in hydrogen storage were also highlighted. Furthermore, regulations and legislations concerning the emission of greenhouse gases from fossil fuels-based sources were discussed.