bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RAPD for Assessment of Thymes Genetic Diversity in Palestine
Authors: Solyman Esra` , Alkowni Raed
Published: August 2021

Several thymes species were grown in Palestine and have socio-economical values. Traditionally, morphological features are used for their taxonomy and discrimination. However, these methods fail to provide an accurate for discrimination and authentication, suggesting the use of other method inevitable. In this study, RAPD method was used for genotypes identification and characterization of five most socio-economical Palestinian thymes: Thymus syriacus, Thymus fruticosus, Thymus incanus, Thymus majorana, and Thymus capitatus. Eight out of ten decamer primers were tested for their ability to generate polymorphism from selected thyme species using RAPD-PCR, and the obtained data were analyzed. The primers (OPD-19, OPH-02 and OPAN-08) were generated 78.6% average polymorphism across five studied Thyme species. Pairwise similarity analysis revealed banding patterns between the studied plant species ranged from 0.18 to 0.67. By this study, genetic diversities of studied five Palestinian Thyme species were ascertained successfully using RAPD markers, concluding that it could be useful tools for identifying Thymes species in any putative breeding programs that will be carried in the country.
Ampelographic characterization of white grapevine cul-tivars (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Palestine
Authors: Basheer-Salimia Rezq
Published: August 2021

Abstract: In Palestine, grape culture consists of ecotypes and cultivars (also called local varieties), for which a large number of homonymous and synonymous designations exist as well as misnaming of cultivars. The present study is the first report using detailed ampelographic characterizations (39 informative traits) to assess genetic diversity and detect similarities among sixteen accessions collected from putative diverse grape genotypes In general, 30 descriptors presented highly and satisfactory divergent genotypes, whereas the remaining traits showed no or very little ampelographic variation. Based on the similarity matrix and the resulting dendrogram of these ampelographic data, distinguishable genotypes as well as some cases of synonymies and homonymies clearly exist. A synonymy case seemed to be in four genotypes including Jandali-Mfarad, Jan-dali-Mrazraz, Jandali, and Hamadani-Mattar, which indeed showed genetic distances of less than 0.5, sug-gesting their relatedness, and the possibility that they are the same genotype, but with different names. In addition, homonym cases also occur in the following pairs of “Marawi’s, Hamadani’s, and Zaini’s genotypes, in which each pair seems to be two distinctive genotypes. Finally, among the 16 examined genotypes, the Zaini-Baladi genotype tended to show the highest genetic distance values from the others and thus could be potentially incorporated into any further local or regional breeding programs as well as germplasm conservation.
Sensing tomato’s pathogen using Visible/Near infrared (VIS/NIR) spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis (MVDA)
Authors: Abu-Khalaf Nawaf
Published: August 2021

Quality of agricultural products is a very important issue for consumers as well as for farmers in relation to price, health and flavour. One of the factors that determine the quality is the absence of pathogens that can cause diseases for products and also for consumers. An advanced method to sense pathogens and their antagonists is the use of Visible/Near Infrared (VIS/NIR) spectroscopy. In this paper, the VIS/NIR spectroscopy, with the help of two techniques of multivariate data analysis (MVDA); namely principal component analysis (PCA) and support vector machine (SVM)-classification; showed very reliable results for sensing two artificially inoculated fungi (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Lycopersici and Rhizoctonia solani), and two antagonistic bacteria (Bacillus atrophaeus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The two fungi cause loss of quality and quantity for tomatoes. The results showed that the lowest classification rates using VIS/NIR spectroscopy for pathogens, antagonistic and their combinations were 90%, 85% and 74%, respectively. These results open a wide range for using VIS/NIR spectroscopy sensor technology for agricultural commodities quality at quality control checkpoints.
Mathematical Modeling of the Solvent Extraction of Palm Kernel Oil from Palm Kernel
Authors: James Momoh Omeiza , Nwoya Okafor Vincent
Published: August 2021

The model for the solvent extraction of palm kernel oil from palm kernel was generated for the process at varying particle sizes of palm kernel, temperature of extraction, duration of extraction and mass of palm kernel respectively using Least Square Linear Equation. Petroleum ether was used as solvent to carry out the extraction in a soxhlet apparatus. The percentage oil yield was determined for every extraction carried out. The experimental results obtained showed that percentage oil yield decreases with increase in particle size and mass, but increases with increase in the temperature and duration of extraction. The characterization of the extracted oil was also done to determine its physiochemical properties, which revealed palm kernel oil as a non-drying oil. Statistical analyses of each variable studied and its corresponding oil yield was carried out followed by the modeling of the extraction process for each parameter using least square linear equation. The interpretation of the model developed revealed a model which was significant in the variations obtained from the experimental results.
تعلم الهندسة في فلسطين: نظرة على أداء الطلبة والمعلمين
Authors: Alshwaikh Jihad , Al Ramahi Rafa , Mosad Fateen
Published: August 2021

هذه الدراسة جزء من دراسة عامة تناولت وضع تعلم وتعليم الهندسة في فلسطين من خلال دراسة مستويات التفكير الهندسي لدى الطلبة والمعلمين وكذلك مستويات التفكير الهندسي المقدمة في كتب الرياضيات المدرسية في فلسطين، لكننا نركز هنا فقط على الطلبة والمعلمين. تكونت عينة الطلبة من 1240 طالبا وطالبة في الصفوف السادس والثامن والعاشر. أما عينة المعلمين فكانت عينة عشوائية طبقية تكونت من 191 معلماً ومعلمة للرياضيات موزعين على كافة محافظات الضفة الغربية. وأظهرت النتائج انخفاض مستويات التفكير الهندسي بين أوساط الطلبة، فمثلاً ثلث الطلبة تقريباً لم يحققوا المستوى صفر وهو المستوى الأدنى من التفكير الهندسي. يمكن القول أن معظم الطلبة يقعون عند المستوى الأول من مستويات فان هيل للتفكير الهندسي، وهو التعرف البصري على الأشكال. كما أظهرت نتائج دراسة معلمي الرياضيات أن 43% فقط منهم حققوا مستوى الاستنتاج الرسمي. يمكن القول بشكل عام أن أداء مدرّسي المرحلة الأساسية (الصفوف 1-10) كان أضعف من أداء غيرهم في الإجابة عن أسئلة إختبار التفكير الهندسي. وقد أوصت الدراسة بضرورة العمل على مراجعة كتب الرياضيات المدرسية والعمل على إغنائها بأنشطة وتمارين توفر الفرصة لدى الطلبة للعمل الحسي، وأن تكون الأنشطة والتمارين ملائمة لمستوى التفكير الهندسي لدى الطلبة وتساعدهم على الانتقال إلى المستوى الذي يليه دون أية قفزات.
تقييم مدى ادراج المحاسبة القضائية ضمن مناهج التعليم المحاسبي في الجامعات الفلسطينية.
Authors: Daas Ghassan
Published: August 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة الى تقييم مدى ادراج مواضيع المحاسبة القضائية ضمن الخطط الدراسية لمقررات أقسام المحاسبة في الجامعات الفسطينية،  وذلك من خلال مراجعة وتحليل الخطط الدراسية لاقسام المحاسبة في الجامعات الفلسطينية، حيث انصب التركيز في الخطط المطروحة على مساقات مباديء التدقيق، وفي بعض الجامعات مساق الرقابة الداخلية، وتشير نتائج الدراسة الى أن المناهج ألأكاديمية لاقسام المحاسبة قد خلت من مساق المحاسبة القضائية.  لذلك ولأهمية دور كل من المحاسب القضائي والمحاسبة القضائية وتنامي دور المحاسب القضائي، أوصت الدراسة باعتماد الخطة المقترحة لمساق المحاسبة القضائية في الجامعات الفلسطينية والتي تركز على وجود متطلبات سابقة من المعرفة المحاسبية، بالاضافة الى احتواء الخطة المقترحة للجانب المفاهيمي للمحاسبة القضائية وعلاقتها بالتدقيق، مع عدم اغفال الجاني الفني من اساليب البحث والتحقيق، فضلا عن وجوب حالات دراسية عملية لاكساب المهارة الفنية في تطبيق اساليب المحاسبة القضائية.
واقع الإصابة الرياضية لدى طلبة تخصص التربية الرياضية في جامعة فلسطين التقنية -خضوري
Authors: Azab Mahmoud
Published: August 2021

هدفت الدراسة  إلى التعرف على واقع الإصابة الرياضة لدى طلبة تخصص التربية الرياضية من حيث موقع الإصابة و أسباب وطرق الحد من  الإصابة الرياضية واكثر المحاضرات العملية التي تحدث بها الاصابة . أجريت الدراسة على عينة من طلبة تخصص التربية الرياضية في جامعة فلسطين التقينة – خضوري قوامها (100) طالب ، استخدم الباحث المنهج الوصفي لملاءمته لطبيعة الدراسة . وبعد تحليل النتائج باستخدام الوسائل الإحصائية المناسبة استنتج الباحث بان  أكثر أنوع الإصابات شيوعا في تخصص التربية الرياضية هي  الشد العضلي حيث بلغ عدد التكرارات (40) تكرارا بنسبة( 40% ). وان أكثر المواقع التي تحدث بها الإصابة هي القدم حيث بلغ عدد التكرارات (37) تكرارات و بنسبة( 37% ). وان أكثر المحاضرات العملية التي تحدث بها الإصابة  هي الجمباز  حيث بلغ عدد التكرارات (46) تكرارا وبنسبة( 46% ) . و إن أهم أسباب الإصابة الرياضية هي ضعف مستوى اللياقة البدنية حيث بلغت عد التكرارات( 63)  تكرارا و بنسبة ( 63%). وان من أهم الطرق للحد من الإصابة الرياضية هي الإحماء الجيد قبل التمرين  حيث بلغت عدد التكرارات( 70) تكرارا وبنسبة (70%) . وبناءا على ذلك أوصى الباحث بضرورة الاهتمام برفع مستوى اللياقة البدنية لدى طلبة تخصص التربية الرياضية والتركيز على الإحماء الجيد قبل البدء بالمحاضرة العملية.وإعطائها الوقت الكافي وإعطاء الجانب العملي للمواد المزيد من الاهتمام بالإضافة إلى توفير الملاعب والتجهيزات والأدوات المناسبة للمساقات العملية.
الأغنية الشعبية الفلسطينية في جنين والجليل-دراسة لغوية
Authors: Mohamad Hanani Zaher , Nimer Rabah Jamal
Published: August 2021

تعد الأغنية الشعبية الفلسطينية بكل مكوناتها وأنواعها الروح الخفاقة في التراث الشعبي الفلسطيني؛ فهي التي توارثتها الأجيال عن الآباء والأجداد، وعكست بدورها آمال الشعب الفلسطيني وأفراحه وأحزانه؛ فقد عبرت عن نمط حياته وتفكيره، ووثقت مراحل نكباته ونضالاته، والأغنية جزء أصيل من تراثه لها مكانتها في أعراسه ومواسمه وطفولته وميتمه. إن دراسة اللغة الشعبية تخضع لبعض الخصوصية التي تختلف فيها عن دراسة اللغة الفصحى، وفي العربية تمايز واضح بين الفصحى والعامية، كذلك تخضع دراسة الأدب الشعبي عموما لخصوصية في التحليل، وأبسط ملامحه أن اللغة الشعبية لا تخضع للقواعد النحوية والصرفية المعروفة، خضوعا تاما كالفصحى، بل تتجاوزها سعيا للوصول إلى السهولة والتيسير في اللفظ. غير أن اللغة في أصولها (لهجات)، بل كانت تسمى اللهجات لغات؛ فكان يقال لغة قريش أو لغة البادية، مثلا. يتناول هذا البحث دراسة لغوية في الأغنية الشعبية الفلسطينية، جنين والجليل أنموذجا، من حيث: المفردات الشعبية الفلسطينية وعلاقتها بالفصحى، ثم التجاوز والانحراف في اللغة الشعبية عن الفصحى، ثم بناء الجملة في الأغنية الشعبية الفلسطينية، ثم السمات العامة لألفاظ الأغنية الشعبية الفلسطينية، ويبدأ البحث بمقدمة تبين أهمية البحث وماهيته ومنهجيته، وينتهي بخاتمة تبين أبرز ما توصل إليه من نتائج.
واقع الارهاب الاداري في مؤسسات القطاع العام الفلسطيني واثره على مستقبل الحوكمة والتدريب الاداري من وجهة نظر العاملين في مؤسسات القطاع العام الفلسطيني-دراسة وصفية تحليليه
Authors: Yousef Mazhar Ohood
Published: August 2021

تطرقت هذه الدراسة الى  مصطلح اداري حديث بدأ تداوله حديثاً عند منظري الادارة في العالم بما يعرف ب " الارهاب الاداري "وتعد هذه الدراسة البحثية الاولى من نوعها على حد علم الباحث " على مستوى الدراسات الإدارية المتخصصة والتي تطرقت الى تقنين وتأطير هذا المصطلح الاداري .هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى التعرف  على واقع " الإرهاب الإداري" إن وجد "في مؤسسات القطاع العام الفلسطيني وأثره على مستقبل تطبيق الحوكمة في الضفه الغربية. وقد تمحورت مشكلة البحث على توضيح اثر الممارسات الارهابية الممارسة على الموظفين من قبل الرؤساء والزملاء على تطبيق معايير الحوكمه. انتهجت الباحثة المنهج الوصفي التحليلي ،بحيث تم  بناء إستبانة إحتوت على محورين رئيسين: المحور الاول- محور الإرهاب الإداري والذي تكون من خمسة أبعاد "قامت الباحثة بتطويرها نظرا لحداثة الموضوع  " على النحو الاتي  (البعد النفسي –الشخصي –الوظيفي- الأخلاقي- المالي )أما المحور الثاني فهو محور الحوكمة، والذي إعتمدت فيه الباحثة تسعة أبعاد رئيسية تم تبنيها من قبل UNDPكمحاور للتنمية المستدامة ،إضافة إلى بناء مصفوفة كمية للعلاقة الارتباطية بين الإرهاب الإداري والحوكمة . وقد وزعت الإستبانة  إلكترونياً عبر محرك البحث Google Drive بعد إرسال رسالة قبول مبدئية" إحتراما للخصوصية الالكترونية للمجتمع" ،بلغ عدد الإستبانات الموزعة  بطريقة العينة العشوائية على موظفي القطاع العام في الضفه الغربية  (1548) بنسبة استرداد بلغت (83%) وهي نسبة مقبوله إحصائياً .وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من النتائج منها أن واقع ممارسة الإرهاب على موظفي القطاع العام في الضفة الغربية كان متوسطأً، "أعلاها في البعد الوظيفي وأدناها في البعد المالي"،  كما أن  مستوى توقعات موظفي القطاع العام حول "مستقبل حوكمة المؤسسات العامة"  كان سلبياً  بدرجة كبيرة،و عند بناء المصفوفة الإدارية لأثر الإرهاب على الحوكمة وجد أثر ضعيف للإرهاب الإداري على الحوكمة وكان من ابرز الاستنتاجات البحثية ان هناك إرهاب إداري يمارس على موظفي القطاع العام بدرجة متوسطة  ليس واضح المعالم يمكن ملاحظته من الشكاوى والتذمر الملحوظ من الموظفين داخل أروقة مؤسسات القطاع العام كما أن هناك رؤية تشاؤمية وتوقعات سلبية لإمكانية تطبيق معايير الحوكمة في مؤسسات القطاع العام كما اوصت الدراسة بضرورة اعداد وتأهيل مدربين مختصين في مجال الحوكمه والحكم الرشيد من المستويات الاشرافيه والادارية في مؤسسات القطاع العام الفلسطيني لنشر مفاهيم ومبادئ الحوكمه اضافة الى انشاء وحدات متخصصه بشكاوى " الارهاب الاداري " ترفع اليها تظلمات العاملين وتكون بؤرة لرصد مستويات الارهاب الاداري كنا اوصت الدراسة بأهمية  عقد دورات تدريبيه متخصصه في شرح مفهوم الخدمة المدنية وان موظف القطاع العام ماهو الا" خادم لمصالح المواطنين " والتي لايمكن جني ثمارها الامن خلال تحقيق مستويات عاليه من الرضا الوظيفي وشبكة من الامان النفسي والاداري للموظف  توجيه العاملين في القطاع العام الى ادراك الحقوق والواجبات الوظيفية بمايضمن سلامة الاداء وصون كرامة الموظف وضبطه لممارسات الفساد الاداري
الهوية الرياضية والتماسك الجماعي لدى فرق الألعاب الرياضية الجماعية في الجامعات الفلسطينية "جامعة خضوري انموذجا"
Authors: Abualia Motasem
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to identify the differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities   "Kadoorei University is a model" according to gender and game type variables. The study carried out on purposive sample consisted of (77) players. The researchers carried out tow scales for measuring sport identity and team cohesion. To analyse data, they used spss program. The results of the study revealed the following: The level of sport identity and their three domains among study sample were very high but it was high for group cohesion. There were significant differences in sport identity among team sport games at Palestinian universities  "Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender variable in favor of male player, but there weren’t significant differences in group cohesion according to game type variable. There were significant differences in sport identity and group cohesion among team sport games at Palestinian universities “Kadoorei University is a model "according to gender game type variables. Based on the study findings, the researchers recommended making similar study on individual sport games at Palestinian universities.
دور المناهج الدراسية الفلسطينية في تعزيز الأمن الأسري من وجهة نظر معلمي المراحل الثانوية محافظة طولكرم نموذجا
Authors: Abas Salem Hiba , Ishtaia Moath
Published: August 2021

The family is considered as the nucleus of human societies. Interest in them and preserving its adherence together is preserving the adherence to together of the  society. It is true that the adherence together of the family starts from its inside, but  it is connected with many systems that support it and  make it able  to face the change which occur in  human life. From here the teaching and educational system forms the most important   of these systems in reinforcing security in general and family security in particular. Teaching  is based in its formation on three basic axes: the teacher, the teaching curricula and the student. From here this research comes to uncover the role of the Palestinian  teaching  curricula in reinforcing family security, and this is through  clarifying the relationship of the direct and indirect school curricula in raising the awareness which is connected with preserving an integrated and stable family, which is able to face the requirements of life under globalization and openness on the world on the one hand, and facing the attempts of Occupation which   aim to control the Palestinian society through controlling the family. The interest by the teaching curriculum means providing teaching materials which preserve the family on the levels  of security, the creed, thought and ethics. All of this prevents all that which penetrates into the family and contributes in its disassembling and its collapse. It is no doubt that the teaching curricula  remain the hostage  of the books without the availability of teaching  staffs who have the ability to transform the theoretical subjects  into a life behavior through evaluating the reality , and helping in spreading the culture can contributes in holding  the family together, and that the position of the teacher is not restricted  to delivering the teaching subject, but rather it goes beyond it to evaluating  and evaluating its role in influencing  the social life which is connected with the students. This study comes to know the role of the Palestinian curricula in reinforcing  the family security from the  point of view of teachers of the secondary stage of education
Nature’s Optics and Our Understanding of Light
Authors: Berry Michael
Published: August 2021

Optical phenomena visible to everyone abundantly illustrate important ideas in science and mathematics. The phenomena considered include rainbows, sparkling reflections on water, green flashes, earthlight on the moon, glories, daylight, crystals, and the squint moon. The concepts include refraction, wave interference, numerical experiments, asymptotics, Regge poles, polarisation singularities, conical intersections, and visual illusions
The Role of Knowledge Management in Improving the Performance of Palestinian Tourist Establishments - Case Study of Hotels and Tourist Restaurants in the Palestine
Authors: Arqawi Samer , Abed Alloh Nabeel , Abdelmajid Alhela Amal
Published: August 2021

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على دور إدارة المعرفة في تحسين مستوى أداء المنشآت السياحية الفلسطينية بالتطبيق على الفنادق والمطاعم السياحية في فلسطين وخصوصاً في قطاع غزة. تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وأسلوب الحصر الشامل نظراً لصغر مجتمع الدراسة، وتم توزيع (100) استبانة واسترداد (85) استبانة. توصلت الدراسة إلى نتائج عدة أهمها توافر إدارة المعرفة في المؤسسات السياحية بدرجة كبيرة ووزن نسبي (79.658). وأن أداء المؤسسات السياحية في فلسطين مرتفع وبوزن نسبي (71.232). أيضاً هناك علاقة وأثر بين إدارة المعرفة وتحسين أداء المنشآت السياحية الفلسطينية. وعدم وجود فروق إحصائية بين متوسطات استجابات المبحوثين حول دور إدارة المعرفة في تحسين أداء المؤسسات السياحية تعزى لمتغير (الوظيفة، والمؤهل العلمي، وسنوات الخدمة). وكان من أهم التوصيات العمل على تعزيز إدارة المعرفة في المؤسسات السياحية في فلسطين لما لها من أثر جيد في تحسين مستوى أدائها. مع التركيز على نشر المعرفة من خلال تعزيز شبكة المعلومات الداخلية والتي تساعد العاملون في تبادل المعلومات بينهم وبين الآخرين. وضرورة تحسين أداء المؤسسات السياحية من خلال الاهتمام بالعنصر البشري واختياره بناء على مواصفات وظيفية معتمدة، وتدريبه وتطويره لزيادة المخزون المعرفي لديهم.
The phenomenon of the multiplicity of synonyms of the literal term in our contemporary language
Authors: Abu Alrob Hassan
Published: August 2021

The prevalence of the colloquial dialect today is a serious phenomenon that affects the entity of the classical language and makes it a difficult foreign system even within its Arab borders. Therefore, this study comes to examine an important issue, namely, the reluctance to use the Arabic pronunciation, and the use of colloquial synonyms. Therefore, this study is entitled: "The multiple linguistic synonyms of the literal term in our contemporary language". The first study discusses the efforts of modern researchers in the case of colloquialism and philology, and the second one clarifies the terms of language and dialect. The third is the phenomenon of the multiplicity of the colloquial synonyms of the literal term, which is the main goal of this study, and the conclusion of the research within the descriptive methodology.
Cloud-based e-health Applications in Palestine: Challenges and Success Opportunities
Authors: Abdoh Mousa , Salman Nael
Published: August 2021

Healthcare service costs are rising all over the world. That is mainly due to the lack of healthcare professionals and IT services.  Cloud computing is an emerging trend that provides a robust infrastructure that enables delivering low-cost services over the internet. In this paper, we conducted an analytical study on the e-health services in Palestine to investigate the current state-of-art and examine all challenges and opportunities to benefit from this technology. Collected data has been analyzed and the results revealed that there is a clear gap between the IT service models provided by Palestinian healthcare service provider, and the potential models based on latest IT trends; mainly, cloud computing.
The Effect of Heat Treatments and Nickel Additive on The Microstructure and Hardness of 7075 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Alasad Mahmoud , Yahya Nefawy Mohamad
Published: August 2021

The aluminum alloys of the 7xxx series consist of Al with Zn mainly, Mg and Cu. 7xxx aluminum alloys has high mechanical properties making it distinct from other aluminum alloys. In this paper, we examine the effect of adding Nickel and heat treatments on the microstructure and hardness of the 7075 aluminum alloy. Were we added different percentages of nickel [0.1, 0.5, 1] wt% to 7075 Aluminum alloy, and applied various heat treatments (artificial aging T6 and Retrogression and re-aging RRA) on the 7075 alloys that Containing nickel. By applying RRA treatment, we obtained better results than the results obtained by applying T6 treatment, and we obtained the high values of hardness and a smoother microstructure for the studied alloys by the addition of (0.5 wt%) nickel to alloy 7075.
إدارة الطوارئ في محطات معالجة مياه الصرف الصحي حالة دراسة: محطة الشمال في بيت لاهيا
Authors: Mahmoud Msalam Alaa , M. El-Ashgar Nizam , Ramadan Alagha Mohamad
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study is to identify the potential risks to the North Station (Beit Lahiya Station and the North Emergency Station), and to prepare emergency response procedures in the sewage treatment plant in Northern Gaza. The researchers followed the descriptive and analytical approach of the sources and reports issued by the institutions related to the sewage stations in the Gaza Strip. The study also included interviews with engineers at the station to analyze and assess the risks to the North station, to identify indicators to prevent flooding of Umm al-Nasr village, and to identify preventive measures to avoid disasters. The study also recommended the necessity of finishing the development of the North Emergency Station Project to accommodate the cumulative increase in the amount of treated water, as well as work on the preparation of contingency plans to deal with the expected risks and the preparation of preparedness and response procedures for each risk.
Contribution of some anthropometric and physical measuerments in (50)m crawl swimming performance among young swimmers in Tulkarem governorate
Authors: Jarad Maha
Published: August 2021

This study aims to identify the most anthropometric and physical abilities which contributes with (50) m crawl swimming performance in Tulkarem govrnorate. The measurements of young swimmers aged between (13-15) years old were taken. This study followed the descriptive approach. Nineteen anthropometric measurements and five physical abilities measurements as well as timing of swimmers in crawl swimming for (50) m were taken. SPSS was used to analyze the data. The study sample consisted of (39) young swimmers. The study reported a correlation statistically significant at the level of significance (α ≤ 0,05) between some anthropometric measurements (body mass, total length, the length of lower limb, the length of palm, and arms index) and (50) m performance, as well as the existence of a statistically significant correlation at the level of significance (α ≤ 0,05) between some of the physical abilities (legs’ muscles strength, back muscle strength, grip strength, arms’ muscles strength, abdominal muscles strength, and pelvic joint flexibility) and performance in swimming.
Biological control of Peacock spot disease caused by Spilocaea oleagina on Olive using bacteria.
Authors: Salman Mazen
Published: August 2021

The olive leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Spilocaea oleagina (Cast.) Hughes (syn. Cycloconium oleagina) is one of the most destructive diseases on olive trees causing losses that may reach 20% of the yield. The disease is controlled by the application of chemical fungicides which is not always feasible in providing proper protection against the pathogen. In this work we report the efficacy of Pseudomonas fluorescenc isolate ORS3 and Bascillus atrophaeus isolate Bat in controlling the disease under field conditions. An Olive field in, Tulkarm governorate, Palestine was selected. The olive trees were 5-10 years old and were highly infected with the olive leaf spot. Trees were sprayed with bacteria formulated in oil. Control trees were sprayed with water. For evaluation of bacterial efficacy against the disease, olive leaves were collected before and after application of the bacteria. Germination of conidia latent infection and severity were determined. In addition to that, bacterial viability was assessed. Results of the work revealed that the bacteria were able to inhibit conidial germination of the fungus. The percent of reduction in conidial germination (85.8 and 70.2%) in the presence of P. fluorescenc isolate ORS and B. atrophaeus isolate Bat, respectively was significantly lower than that in the control or in leaves sprayed with 10% oil (69.1 and 56.1%, respectively). After two weeks of spraying, the percent of latent infectoin (figure 4) was significantly (p<0.05) lower on leaves sprayed with P. fluorescenc isolate ORS3 and B. atrophaeus isolate BAT (5.1 and 3.8% latent infection, respectively). However, bacterial shelf life on the surface of olive leaves was reduced after three days of spraying (i.e no bacteria were re-isolated). The results indicated that the bacteria can be used for control of the leaf spot disease. Further studies are required to evaluate the efficacy of the bacteria under different environmental conditions.
Administrative Innovation and Entrepreneurship Strategy: Relationship and Impact Case study In the Palestinian Islamic Development Company.
Authors: Arqawi Samer , Herzallah Fadi , Abu Hafiza Suah , Abumwais Mohannad
Published: August 2021

This research aims to study the relationship and impact between the application of managerial innovation and the strategy of entrepreneurship in terms of (creativity, offensive competition, proactive, and risk-taking) in the Palestinian Islamic Development Company as a case study. The research followed the descriptive analytical method, based on the methodology of modeling structural equations through the use of the Advanced Statistical Analysis Program (Smart PLS3) to test the study hypotheses. The research community consists of the employees working in the company's supervisory sites, who number (80) members, and a comprehensive inventory method was chosen to collect the study data. The results of the statistical analysis proved that there is a correlation and impact between the dimension of administrative innovation and the entrepreneurial strategy for workers in the Islamic Palestinian Development Company. In addition, the results of the statistical analysis showed the acceptance of sub-assumptions between the dimension of management innovation and the dimensions of the entrepreneurial strategy in terms of (creativity, offensive competition, proactive, and risk appropriation). The impact of this research shows the necessity for the company to focus on enhancing administrative innovation and the components of the entrepreneurial strategy by removing all obstacles that prevent it from reaching individuals; by giving workers complete freedom in creating modern management methods to get rid of the rigidity of the organizational structure, and trying to create a section on innovation from Those with creative and entrepreneurial ideas in line with the requirements of the times.
The Influence of Social Network Use on Students' Academic Performance
Authors: Abdalla Rania , Qashou Abeer
Published: August 2021

Social Network Sites (SNSs) are widely used by university students these days. The underlying reasons behind this use vary between academic and nonacademic purposes. The question is whether this use influences the students' academic performance or not. The aim of this study is to answer this question by examining the impact of five potential variables on the use of SNS, and the influence of this usage on the students' academic performance at Palestine Technical University- Kadoorie (PTUK). Five variables are included: the gender, age, faculty, duration of use, and computer self-efficacy. Stratified sampling technique was used to gather the required data, 369 valid survey items were retrieved and analyzed using SPSS 20.0. The findings revealed that among the five variables, only students' faculty and computer self-efficacy have positive influence on SNS use, and SNS use has positive influence on students' academic performance. The researchers recommend that PTUK should adopt strategies that direct students' use of SNS in beneficial ways
Synthesis and Evaluation of Anti-Lipase Potential and Molecular Docking of N’-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene) naphthalene-2-sulfonohydrazide
Authors: Amereih Sameer , Daraghmeh Abd , Warad Ismail , Al-Nuri Mohammed
Published: August 2021

N’-(2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzylidene) naphthalene-2-sulfonohydrazide (SB) was prepared by condensation reaction, of naphthalene-2-sulfonylchloride with 2-Hydroxy-5-nitrobenzaldehyde. The Schiff base product (SB) was isolated, purified and then spectrally characterized via UV-Vis, FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR analysis, where strong evidences confirmed the formation of the desired product. Pancreatic porcine lipase inhibition of the Schiff base product was evaluated and compared with the reference “Orlistat”. The product was an active as a lipase enzyme inhibitor with IC50 42.65±0.97 mcg/ml. The molecular docking of the compound with porcine pancreatic lipase was investigating, the results of theoretical docking explained the  experimental one since several hydrogen bonds between the Schiff base compound and amino acids in lipase were detected. Antimicrobial activity of SB product was also evaluated in vitro against several types of bacteria such as: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and MRSA by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test using tetracycline (TE) as a standard antibiotic. Results showed a bacteriostatic effect of this compound against bacteria such as MRSA, P. aeruginosa and K. pneumoniae
Characterization of Bacterial Communities in Palestinian Lamb Meat by Phenotyping and 16S rRNA Gene Sequence Analysis
Authors: Hamdan Mahmoud , Masoud Wafa
Published: August 2021

The main purpose of the present study was to isolate, identify and quantify bacteria in Palestinian fresh lamb meat. Phenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis was used to identify bacteria present in lamb meat samples. Thirty-four bacterial isolates were obtained from 20 samples of fresh lamb meat collected from 4 meat shops in Tulkarem city in Palestine. Bacterial counts were in a range of 3 x 103 - 1.5 x 105 cfu / g with Staphylococcus aureus being the highest in numbers among other bacteria. Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceae were the predominant bacterial families detected in fresh lamb meat samples. Two bacterial isolates, which were not identified by phenotyping, were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. There was an agreement between phenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing in identification of 19 bacterial isolates. On the other hand, a disagreement was observed between phenotyping and 16S rRNA gene sequencing in identification of the remaining bacterial isolates. Fresh lamb meat seems to be a good medium for growth of various bacterial species
Predicting Students Performance Based on Their Academic Profile
Authors: Khalilia Hadi , Sammar Thaer , Sleet Yazeed
Published: August 2021

Data mining is an important field; it has been widely used in different domains. One of the fields that make use of data mining is Educational Data Mining. In this study, we apply machine learning models on data obtained from Palestine Technical University-Kadoorie (PTUK) in Tulkarm for students in the department of computer engineering and applied computing. Students in both fields study the same major courses; C++ and Java. Therefore, we focused on these courses to predict student’s performance. The goal of our study is predicting students’ performance measured by (GPA) in the major. There are many techniques that are used in the educational data mining field. We applied three models on the obtained data which have been commonly used in the educational data mining field; the decision tree with information gain measure, the decision tree with Gini index measure, and the naive Bayes model. We used these models in our work because they are efficient and they have a high speed in data classification, and prediction. The results suggest that the decision tree with information gain measure outperforms other models with 0.66 accuracy. We had a deeper look on key features that we train our models; precisely, their branch of study at school, field of study in the University, and whether or not the students have a scholarship. These features have an influence on the prediction. For example, the accuracy of the decision tree with information gain measure increases to 0.71 when applied on the subset of students who studied in the scientific branch at high school. This study is important for both the students and the higher management of PTUK. The university will be able to do some predictions on the performance of the students. In the carried experiments, the prediction of the model was inline with the actual expectation.
Influence of different types of fertilizers application on the lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) growth and quality
Authors: Natsheh Basel , Abu-Khalaf Nawaf
Published: August 2021

The experiment was conducted during the period from March to the end of April 2019 to observe the effect of different fertilizer regimes on the growth, quality and yield of lettuce under field conditions. The experiment was consisting of four treatments as well as a control without fertilizer T1, compost T2, compost tea T3 and chemical fertilizer T4, in each treatment 50 replicates were planted. The measurements included wet and dry weight for shoot and root, plant length, and chlorophyll percentage. The study revealed that lettuce's best growth values were obtained with the use of eco-friendly organic fertilizer accompanied by more than control one and chemical fertilizer. The average maximum length of plants after 60 days were recorded in T2 (42.3 cm) > T3 (37.3 cm), T4 (35.9 cm) and > T1 (23.8 cm). The results indicated that compost treated plant (T2 and tea compost T3) had highest chlorophyll content, i.e. 42.3 and 40.6%, respectively, as compared to chemical fertilizers T4 (37.3%) and the lowest chlorophyll content was in control T1 (30.9%). The values for wet shoot and root after 60 days were: 1575.2, 81.5 gm T2 > 1367.6, 64.9 gm T3 > 1251.1, 53.4 gm T4 and 612.1, 43.7 gm T1, respectively. The values for dry shoot and root after 60 days were: 131.5, 8.2 gm, T2 > 112.7, 6.4 gm, T3 > 101.9, 5.3 gm T4 and > 51, 4.1 gm T1, respectively.
Experimental Investigation and Analysis of Induction Motors Operation under Single-Phasing Condition
Authors: Alsayid Basim
Published: August 2021

A three-phase induction motor will continue to operate when a disturbance of some sort causes the source voltages of the motor to become unbalanced. When an induction motor is operated at unbalanced voltage supply the performance characteristics like efficiency, power factor, input power, output power and losses are affected.  The single-phasing occurs when one phase fails as a result of a fuse blowing, protective device opening on one phase of the motor, open phase on one terminal of the motor or other causes. This paper will analyze the operation of a 3-phase induction motor under normal balanced source voltages first, then under single phasing experimentally in order to follow a comparative approach.
The Negative Effects of Using Smart Devices on the Physical and Psychological Health of Palestinian Children aged (13-16) years from their Perspective
Authors: Iter Nuha
Published: August 2021

The study aimed to explore the negative effects of using smart devices on the physical and psychological health of children aged (13-16) years from their perspective. The study was applied to a random sample of children aged (13-16), consisting of (102) male and female students. The descriptive method was used to answer the study questions, and a questionnaire was developed to collect data, which contains (3) sections, first section asked about the most used and preferred devices by children aged (13-16) years, and the number of hours the child used the smart device, the second one asked about the negative effects of using the smart devices on the physical and psychological health of children aged (13-16) years from their perspective, and the third section is an open question to know other negative effects of using the smart devices on the physical and psychological health of children aged (13-16) years. The study achieved a set of results, such as the smartphones are the most used and preferred devices by children aged (13-16) years, where (57%) of the study sample preferred to use, and there is  (86.3%) of children aged (13-16) use these devices at average from 4 up to 6 hours daily.  The responders highly agreed upon the negative effects of the use of smart devices on the physical health with average (4.2); which is a high degree, also the responders highly agreed upon the negative effects of  the use of smart devices on the physiological health with average  is  (3.73) which is also high,  added there are other effects caused by the use of smart devices for long hours on  children aged (13-16); the low rate of family discussions, and causes the low writing skills for child.   Depending on the results of the study, the researcher recommends that:  researchers should conduct a correlative study to know the relationship between the effects and the number of hours of daily use of devices; families should rationalize the use of smart devices.
The degree of using research systems and the satisfaction of Palestinian li-braries in the light of technological environment from the point of view of librarians and researchers
Authors: Khader Ibrahm
Published: August 2021

The present study aimed to identify the extent of using research systems that are the new generation for the library index, similar to the interface of the beneficiaries that allows access to all information, and satisfaction with it in Palestinian libraries in light of the technological environment from the viewpoint of librarians and researchers. It also aimed to identify whether there is any difference between the respondent’s occupational stress levels which can be attributed to their (Gender, major, library type, experience). The study’s population consists from all the all the Librarians and researchers in Palestine (West Bank and Gaza Strip). As for the sample, it consists from (300) From librarians and researchers in Palestine (West Bank and Gaza Strip). The researcher chose a descriptive, relational approach to its suitability with this study. The researcher Prepare an instrument a questionnaire for measuring the extent to which research systems are used and satisfied with the technological environment from the viewpoint of librarians and researchers. The results of the study showed that there are no statistically significant differences in the extent use of library systems and satisfaction with them in light of the technological environment from the viewpoint of librarians and researchers in what is attributed to the variable of gender and specialization, and the presence of statistically significant differences in the extent of use of library systems and satisfaction with it in the technological environment from The viewpoint of librarians and researchers regarding the variable type of library and years of experience. In the light of the aforementioned results, the researcher rec-efforts necessity design unified search index between the types of libraries in Palestine to unify the searches, which greatly reduces the time period spent.
Features of Popular Resistance in Diwan "Glory Bows Before You" Approaches to Subject and Poetic composition
Authors: Qatanani Khalel
Published: August 2021

The study deals with the "Glory bends before you" by the poet Abdel Nasser Saleh, as an appropriate model to study the subject of popular resistance and its role in confronting the occupier through the use of popular resistance methods and means, and the statement of its foundations, and objective and poetic features.He lived the experiences of struggle and arrest in the Uprising. He practiced peaceful resistance on the homeland by his pencil and actions.The study attempts to dismantle the vocabulary of the texts of the Diwan by employing the analytical methodology in order to demonstrate the extent to which the text copes with the reality of the event "popular resistance" against the other Israeli, through the study of technical techniques and poetic formation, and the effectiveness of reality and practice, culture and ideology. The researcher found the poet's artistic ability to root the state of popular resistance, whether at the level of term or poetic image, and the resulting positive impact on the conscience of the resistance people.
Effect of Artificial Aging Parametars on Tensile Strength and Microstructure of 7075 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Yahya Nefawy Mohamad , Al Asad Mahmoud
Published: August 2021

In this research, we studied the effect of change in artificial aging time and temperature on tensile strength and Microstructure for 7075 aluminum alloy, Where samples of aluminum alloy 7075 were treated with artificial aging at different temperatures are 120 ° C, 160 ° C and 200 ° C for 0.5, 1.5, 3, 18, 48 hours. When the 7075 aluminum alloy was artificially aged in of 120 ° C and 160 ° C, the values of ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the alloy were higher than when it was aged in 200 ° C. By increasing of artificial aging time, the UTS of 7075 aluminum alloy increased, when the aging temperature was 120 ° C or 160 ° C, while the UTS decreased when the aging temperature was 200 ° C. This is due to changes in the microstructure, grain size, and precipitating phases such as MgZn2.
The Degree to which National and Life Education Curriculum for the First and Second Basic Grades Includes the Life Skills from the Point of View of Teachers in Government Schools in Qabatia
Authors: Sabaeneh Faisal , Swedan Rajaa
Published: August 2021

The study aimed to identify the degree to which national and life education curriculum for the first and second basic grades includes the life skills from the point of view of teachers in government schools in Qabatia. Furthermore, to determine the differences according to gender and specialization variables. To achieve that, the study conducted on (72) male and female teachers, and (42) items questionnaire was applied for collecting data.The results of the study indicated that the degree to which National and life Education curriculum for the first and second basic grades includes the life skills from the point of view of teachers in government schools in Qabatia was high, as it came with a mean of (3.90) and a weight of (%78), and that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of significance (α=0.05) in the degree to which National and life Education curriculum for the first and second basic grades includes the life skills from the point of view of teachers in government schools in Qabatia due to gender and specialization variables.In the light of the results, the researcher recommended providing the means, materials, and techniques to provide an opportunity for teachers of the national and life education curriculum to employ activities appropriately as well as enhancing the student’s personality through the adoption of various programs in schools such as the child friendly school, in addition to employing the interactive national education curriculum in line with the digitization of education.
Evaluation of Electromagnetic Radiation level in the Outdoor from Wireless Transmission Systems in Northern West Bank – Palestine
Authors: Khatib Mutamed
Published: August 2021

Exposure to electromagnetic fields is a major public concern due to the possible hazardous effects on health caused by exposure to these radiations. The aims of this study were to measure radiofrequency radiation levels from different wireless systems and to compare the results with the recommended limits by the World Health Organization (WHO) which should be less that 450 µw/cm2. The study was a cross-sectional study that was conducted in different cities and villages from the northern governorates in the West Bank; Jenin, Tulkarm, Nablus, Qalqilya, Tubas and Salfit. To measure the radiation levels ranging from 80 MHz to 2 GHz, a Portable Field Strength Meter with the suitable set of antennas was used. This frequency range covers the radiations from different sources as mobile phone base stations, local radio and television stations, mobile phones, Wireless Local Area Network, Bluetooth, wireless computer periphery and even microwave ovens. Points close to mobile phone base stations and local radio and television stations in addition to randomly selected points were included. The scanning process for each point was done twice and the higher reading was included in the analysis. The results were compared to the recommended limits of radiations by WHO. Also, a questionnaire was distributed to evaluate people knowledge and perception regarding radiations. A total of 2000 readings were obtained with a mean ± SD = 0.25 ± 0.214 µw/cm2. The highest reading was 1.91 µw/cm2. All the readings were below the limits of radiations recommended by the WHO. Most of the readings in the tested area 1184 (59.2%) were between 0.1 -0.45 µw/cm2 which are 1000- 4500 time less than the maximum allowed level (450 µw/cm2), 527 (26.35%) readings were <0.1 µw/cm2, 271 (13.55%) reading were between 0.45-1 µw/cm2 and the rest 17 (0.85%) were >1 µw/cm2 which were still 236-450 times less than the allowed WHO level. Regarding the questionnaire part, most of the participants use mobile phones frequently, they think radiations are dangerous and can cause cancer, they prefer not to have mobile base stations close to their living places. In this study, a scanning for all electromagnetic radiation sources caused by different sources of wireless communication systems showed theoretically no dangerous radiation levels and all the recorded levels were much lower than the recommended levels by the WHO. Most people feel afraid from radiations and think they are dangerous.