bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How are cosmic gravity fields seen by moving objects? can gravitons deny their origins?
Authors: J. Fahr Hans
Published: February 2024

We put the question, how gravitational fields are communicated to space, and how they are recognized in space by moving objects. The general answer given to this question in these days is that field quanta of the gravitational field, called gravitons, are responsible for the communication of such fields. This answer is taken serious here, and then consequently is put into serious doubts when studying several physically coherent consequences. We start by investigating the gravitational influence of cosmic mass associations on moving massive objects when hereby the effect of propagating gravity field quanta, i.e. the gravitons, communicating the position of gravity sources, is taken into account. It is shown that moving objects are affected by gravity sources from a relativistically displaced position, like stars are seen under an aberration angle compared to the true source position. The astonishing effect of that mislocation is that a moving object at its passage through the center of a centrally symmetric galactic mass association undergoes a permanent gravitational deceleration of its relative motion. Furtheron it is shown that under this new view the problem of a planetary object, orbiting a central mass like the sun, takes a non-Keplerian solution, because the orbiting planet permanently should lose orbital angular momentum, since it permanently experiences a gravitational force component antiparallel to its orbital motion. From that an orbital decay time can be derived which predicts that a terrestrial planet should have a spiralling-in period of only a few 104 years which, compared to the expected age of the Earth of about 4.5 Billion years, represents a big problem of understanding. In addition, in view of the presumed action of gravitons from an aberrated source position, this article studies the propagation of cosmic photons over the photospheric limbs of stars. We show that when the center of the gravity field acts from a relativistically displaced position, then no energy change of limb photons when again propagating to larger distances should occur - which does confirm Einstein‘s view - , but also no deflection from the original propagation direction of the photon should occur - which contradicts Einstein‘s derivations. In this article we do not yet offer a rational solution of these newly pinpointed problems, but we simply end with the recommendation to perhaps reinvestigate the theoretical concept of gravitons, thought as to be the quantum messengers of gravitational fields.
Observables physics general formalism
Authors: Iyer Rajan
Published: February 2024

Observables form the most important real physics proof processes that will make normal science. Since mathematics have integral part in quantifying physical phenomena, theory involves modeling hypothetical logic borne within observations. A proper theory will need to show pulling out observables from parameters using abstractions. These processes that have gotten derived elsewhere are reviewed here in a gist manner that author has been able to configure as a fundamentally grand unifying realistic physics without assumptive inconsistencies. Review here also shows corrections of errata in earlier publications to help applications to wider areas of not only physical sciences but also mathematical computing information technology algorithms’ developments. Iyer-Markoulakis formalism to gage micro to macro by applying Coulomb-Hilbert gage from mechanics of gradient vortex fields to electromagnetic fields and then to gravitational aspects have been explained. Quantitative derivation of a general potential wave quantum density commutator matrix physics, with subsequent gauge equivalent expressions have been advanced. Mathematical modeling has been briefed on theorizing point dynamics Helmholtz decomposition fields’ quantum Hamiltonian matrix evolving with time. Partial differential equations that have gotten derived from these characteristic matrices for zero-point as well as microblackhole aspects of a point in sense-time-space dimensions have highlighted addressing real world complexity manifested by these pure logical equations. Gaging with algorithmically elaboratively extended analysis with observables provide fitting completions to the partial differential equations (P.D.E.) of energy and quantum field metrix within Iyer-Markoulakis-Hodge-O’Neill-Malaver-Zhang-Taylor formalisms that provide best hope towards grand unification of the four super forces that physics portrays to natural workings of the universe. Retrofitting Iyer Markoulakis gradient vortex gage fields eigen matrix formalism to Wenzhong Hodge scalar frictional vacuum theory of hod-Plenum, dissipative discontinuity of modeling gage physics, giving an Integral Model Astro Quantum PHYSICS has shown to be achievable. Matrix general form algorithm equation, having gage functional, signal/noise ratio, gage fields, wavefunction inner outer products, quantum density matrix as a function of gage time configured successfully. Application to observables practically for analysis has been exemplified to mesoscopic population pattern with gage fields of pressure and temperature.
The simplest correction to Hubble’s law and its theoretical implications
Authors: De Silva Frank
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces a simple change to the Hubble equation on distance to red shift. It is shown that the prediction of the equation is compatible with data, obtained from distance measurements, which are independent of red shift. Having shown its compatibility with these observations, the paper then introduces the theoretical basis for the equation. The theoretical basis relies on a single assumption that in the expansion of the universe, the ratio d(space)/d(time) = Constant = speed of light. It is shown that the equations of special relativity follow directly from this 1 assumption.
Use of scalar fields in physics and cosmology
Authors: Souza MAM
Published: February 2024

In this paper we discuss briefly the use of scalar fields in Physics and in several research areas, such as Condensed Matter and Cosmology. The versatility of the scalar fields has made them prominent in the contemporary scientific scenario, leading them to be used in the formulation of the Higgs field theory, in the theories of cosmic inflation and of dark energy and in the study of topological defects.
Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: A Literature Review – Pathophysiology, Current Management, Future Perspectives, and Healthcare Disparities
Authors: Traub Ariana , Sharma Apoorva , Gongora M Carolina
Published: February 2024

Maternal mortality continues to increase in the US, with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) remaining one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this article, the definition, classification, and pathophysiology of the different forms of HDP, current management of these disorders, disparities in prevalence and management of these conditions, and potential strategies to improve HDP outcomes and combat disparities to reduce maternal morbidity and mortality are reviewed. Current management favors a more conservative approach to treating mild chronic hypertension (140–160/90–100 mmHg) in pregnancy. However, recent data suggests active treatment of mild chronic hypertension improves maternofetal pregnancy related outcomes.
A microstructure-based constitutive model for pearlite.
Authors:   , Jorge Rodrírguez
Published: February 2024

Fully pearlitic eutectoid steels have an excellent compromise of mechanical strength and ductility and are widely used for rails, prestressing tendons and high-strength wires. These excellent mechanical properties are a consequence of their particular nanocomposite structure combining thin cementite lamellae (~12% volumen fraction) with ferritic lamellae. This complex substructure entails a complex microstructural and property evolution with applied strain that is difficult to model. In this work, a microstructure-based constitutive model for pearlite accounting for both the elastoplastic behaviour and the damage evolution is presented. The original formulation, valid for mesoscopic scales, considers the behaviour of ferrite and cementite separately, assuming that strengthening occurs through the mechanisms acting in ferrite. For its application in macro-scale systems such as wire drawing, a multi-colony homogenization strategy has been applied. For damage, a Continuum Damage Mechanics approach adapted to the features of pearlite has been adopted with the coupling of damage to the mechanical response. The model has been implemented for use in finite element simulations and has been calibrated using experimental data of tensile and torsion tests. Subsequently, the model has been validated, confirming its predictive capabilities across various aspects, including the mechanical response under different stress states, the build-up of internal stresses and the evolution of the microstructure with deformation.
Przełomowe czynniki rozwoju zawodowego kobiet menedżerek
Authors: Blachnicka Klaudia
Published: February 2024

Celem artykułu jest identyfikacja czynników mających przełomowy wpływ na rozwój zawodowy menedżerek. W dotychczasowej literaturze stosunkowo niewiele opracowań porusza temat czynników rozwoju zawodowego kobiet zajmujących stanowiska kierownicze. Co więcej, relatywnie mały udział kobiet na najwyższym szczeblu zarządzania w praktyce biznesowej skłania do identyfikacji i wyeksponowania katalizatorów rozwoju zawodowego menedżerek. W procesie badawczym posłużono się metodą CAWI. W badaniu wzięły udział 334 menedżerki podstawowego, średniego i wysokiego szczebla zarządzania. Przełomowym momentem w ich karierze zawodowej była zmiana pracy, awans lub też rozwój konkretnych kompetencji. Kluczowym wnioskiem, jaki nasuwa się po przeprowadzonych badaniach, jest to, iż rozwój menedżerek w znacznym stopniu warunkowany jest ich samoświadomością, budowaną pewnością siebie i odwagą w realizacji celów zawodowych.
Zarządzanie – nauka normatywna czy opisowa?
Authors: Jokiel Grzegorz , Jokiel Maja
Published: February 2024

W artykule przedstawiono różne spojrzenia na koncepcje, funkcje i metody badawcze nauk o zarządzaniu i jakości. Główną tezą artykułu jest stwierdzenie, że nauki o zarządzaniu mają charakter normatywny. Celem jest wskazanie, że inne podejścia: opisowe, pragmatyczne, empiryczne itp., zakładające istnienie obiektywnej rzeczywistości organizacyjnej oraz uniwersalnych, zewnętrznych praw naukowych w nauce o zarzadzaniu, są zbytnim uproszczeniem i nie powinny być stosowane w badaniach organizacji. Autorzy wskazują też na normatywny charakter założeń leżących u podstaw badań opisowych, co w konsekwencji uniemożliwia obiektywizację badań, neutralną postawę badacza czy abstrahowanie od sądów wartościujących.
Zmiany w strukturach organizacyjnych zgrupowanych przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Sobotkiewicz Dariusz
Published: February 2024

Celem opracowania było przedstawienie problematyki uproszczeń struktury organizacyjnej i decentralizacji uprawnień decyzyjnych w zgrupowanych przedsiębiorstwach w okresie znacznych zmian (przeobrażeń) otoczenia. W związku z tak sformułowanym celem głównym postawiono pytanie: Czy w spółkach zależnych występuje tendencja do decentralizacji zarządzania i upraszczania ich struktur organizacyjnych? Dla rozwiązania problemu przeprowadzono analizę dostępnych źródeł wtórnych (literatury naukowej, dokumentów organizacyjnych badanych spółek) oraz badania empiryczne w dwóch spółkach zależnych niemieckich koncernów z branży motoryzacyjnej zlokalizowanych w Polsce. Badania w formie wywiadów były prowadzone z lokalnym zarządem w latach 2020-2022 i miały na celu rozpoznanie zmian wprowadzonych w strukturze organizacyjnej spółek. Wyniki wskazały, że w okresie znacznych zmian (przeobrażeń) otoczenia centrale delegowały dodatkowe uprawnienia decyzyjne spółkom zależnym a ich struktury nie uległy nadmiernemu rozbudowywaniu. Wzmocnieniu uległa funkcja zakupów oraz funkcje ukierunkowane na rynek. Przedstawione w artykule wyniki mogą być wykorzystane przez inne organizacje wielopodmiotowe do przeprojektowania struktur jednostek zależnych w bardziej odporne na trudne do przewidzenia zjawiska pojawiające się w otoczeniu organizacji. Artykuł ma charakter teoretyczno-empiryczny.
Terra semi-incognita, czyli o sztucznej inteligencji, robotach, automatyzacji oraz technologicznych obawach pracowników w organizacji
Authors: Stadnicka Agnieszka , Ingram Tomasz
Published: February 2024

Upowszechnione użycie zaawansowanych technologii typu AI w organizacjach wpływa nie tylko na redukcję kosztów, zwiększoną efektywność usług czy satysfakcję klientów. Traktowane jako zagrożenie dla przyszłości pracy może pośrednio negatywnie wpływać także na pracowników. Jednak pomimo wielu lat intensywnego rozwoju technologicznego, dotychczasowy stan wiedzy dotyczącej obaw pracowników związanych z technologią jest stosunkowo niewielki. W artykule starano się przeanalizować wyniki prowadzonych w tym obszarze badań, aby zinwentaryzować stan wiedzy, wskazać obszary rozpoznane oraz luki w tej dziedzinie. Szczególną uwagę poświęcono narzędziom wykorzystywanym do badania wskazanego zjawiska oraz zmiennym decydującym o sile i charakterze jego skutków. Studia literatury wykazały przewagę badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych za pomocą konstruktu STARA awareness, w krajach rozwiniętych, z udziałem pracowników branż usługowych z obszaru turystyki i gościnności, głównie branży hotelowej. Technologiczne obawy pracowników wpływają na takie zmienne, jak zamiar odejścia, zaangażowanie, kreatywność, współpraca człowieka z robotem, ukrywanie wiedzy, satysfakcja z pracy, wypalenie zawodowe, cynizm czy nawet depresja. Do czynników moderujących należą postrzegane wsparcie organizacyjne, konkurencyjny psychologiczny klimat, transformacyjne przywództwo czy typ wykonywanej pracy. Poważne skutki obaw technologicznych u pracowników na ich funkcjonowanie oraz wpływ na istotne zjawiska organizacyjne ukazują wagę tematu w badaniach nauk o zarządzaniu i uzasadniają wzrost zainteresowania. Artykuł kończy próba konceptualnego ukazania stanu wiedzy ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem luk wymagających wypełnienia.
Zmiany w komunikacji wewnętrznej w organizacjach w dobie postpandemicznej
Authors: Stawicka Ewa
Published: February 2024

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest rozpoznanie specyfiki jakości komunikacji wewnętrznej w kontekście międzyorganizacyjnym, zwłaszcza w odniesieniu do wykorzystywania dostępnych komunikatorów i ich odbioru przez pracowników z uwzględnieniem takich elementów, jak lokalizacja, płeć czy profil pokoleniowy. W toku badań wykorzystano kwestionariusz ankiety – formularz Google, badania przeprowadzono wśród 816 pracowników, wykorzystano metodę kuli śnieżnej, nielosowy dobór próby polegający na rekrutowaniu uczestników przez innych uczestników. Wyniki badań sugerują, że jakość komunikacji wewnętrznej, uwzględnianie w jej obrębie form preferowanych przez poszczególne grupy pokoleniowe może wpływać na tworzenie zaufania, produktywność czy motywację pracowników w zarządzaniu organizacją. Oryginalną wartość empiryczną artykułu stanowią wyniki badań dotyczących oceny pracowników na temat jakości komunikacji wewnętrznej w organizacjach w procesie zarządzania przed pandemią COVID-19 i po pandemii oraz opinii pracowników na temat szybkiego wdrażania nowych rozwiązań komunikacyjnych w warunkach zmian.
Register DOI Func Reg Test 021324- Health Conditions and Health Care Use Among American Indian and Alaska Native Adults by Tribal Land Residential Status: United States, 2019–2021
Authors: Amanda E. Ng  , Dzifa Adjaye Gbewonyo  , Anjel Vahratian
Published: February 2024

This report presents estimates of selected health conditions and health care use among American Indian or Alaska Native adults by tribal land residential status.
Register DOI Func Reg Test 021324- Characteristics of Office-based Physician Visits by Age, 2019
Authors: Parker Jennifer D. , Talih Makram , Irimata Katherine E.
Published: February 2024

This report describes care received at office-based physician offices in the United States. Estimates are presented on selected characteristics and compared by age.
Franciscanismo y Universidad
Authors: Rubiano Guáqueta OFMCap. Luis Eduardo
Published: February 2024

En el desarrollo y la evolución de los pueblos intervienen múltiples factores y variables socioculturales, entre ellos, la escuela y la universidad como instituciones insertas en la realidad, donde intervienen suscitando procesos de  transformación y cambio.

Este año, nos complace abrir la edición de la Revista Institucional Tiempos Nuevos invitando a los lectores a valorar el aporte de la espiritualidad franciscana en la constitución, evolución y consolidación de la universidad entendiendo que pensar hoy en el desarrollo integral del ser humano significa también considerar la dimensión espiritual,como elemento clave para comprender la dignidad y el sentido de lo humano en relación con los demás y con la naturaleza. Con este propósito, me propongo esbozar brevemente el significado que caracteriza al binomio franciscanismo-universidad.
Political Beliefs and Political Subjectivity of Grey Voters: The Case of Poland
Authors:   University of Silesia in Katowice (Poland), Turska-Kawa Agnieszka
Published: February 2024

The study’s main aim is to look for relationships between political beliefs and political subjectivity of grey voters (over 65). Political beliefs contain a motivational element, mainly due to being embedded in the values and needs of the respective individuals. This can affect the consciously created place of the citizen within the political system in different directions. The orientation of the study on the grey voters may be cognitively engaging due to the several sources related to historical events that took place in Poland. Political beliefs were conceptualized through dimensions on a left-right scale, where xenophobia and religious fundamentalism were diagnosed in the area of cultural beliefs. In contrast, acceptance of capitalism and anti-welfare were diagnosed in the area of economic beliefs. Political subjectivity was diagnosed using an original tool, whose preliminary analysis made it possible to distinguish three factors of the construct: political initiative, political sense, and identification with the political system.
The Role of 5G Technology in Superpower Rivalry between the United States and China: An Offensive Realist Approach
Authors:   University of Warsaw (Poland), Gołota Łukasz
Published: February 2024

The article aims to explain the importance of 5G technology in pursuing power and shaping the international competition between two superpowers: the USA and China. Accordingly, the research focus of this article is to explain how and why 5G technology is being used by China and the U.S. as a key instrument in their growing geopolitical rivalry. The study is framed within the theoretical approach of offensive realism. It is based on the primary assumption that superpowers like China and the United States tend to increase their power not only by expanding their armed forces and territorial conquests but also by using every possible opportunity to do so. The article researches two questions. What is the importance of 5G technology in the rivalry between China and the U.S.? How has the development of communication technologies influenced countries and their ability to shape the international environment? 5G technology is considered more than just the next generation of wireless connectivity, as it goes beyond traditional forms of use and addresses a new category of users. It is a structure intended to facilitate a new category of goods and services: smart cities, autonomous vehicles, automated factories, digital services, and robotization of decision-making processes.
Sub-Disciplines in Security Sciences: On the Need to Distinguish Them
Authors:   Pomeranian University in Słupsk (Poland), Gierszewski Janusz
Published: February 2024

The article attempts to address the issue of the need to distinguish sub-disciplines in security sciences. A scientific discipline is a basic and lowest-order category within the classification system of individual fields of science. Security science in Poland has been classified as one of many disciplines in the field of social sciences. The problem was formulated as a question: based on which criteria can sub-disciplines be distinguished in the security sciences? The aim is to identify the basic sub-disciplines in security sciences and to propose a criterion for their distinction. Critical literature analysis and research design were adopted as the primary methods. There is no established criterion for the division into individual sub-disciplines in Poland. The author proposes to distinguish sub-disciplines based on the following criteria: theoretical, practical, types of institutions, and levels of organization of different security sectors. It is based on the assumption that security sciences require a clarification of the substantive scope within sub-disciplines through which the discipline’s identity can be built up, and research can be carried out as part of further scientific work.
Decoding algorithmic literacy among journalists
Authors: Foá Caterina , Couraceiro Paulo , Pinto-Martinho Ana
Published: February 2024

Recent developments in generative Artificial Intelligence (AI) have revitalized academic discourse on algorithmic systems, particularly on their potential, ethical considerations, risks, and regulatory challenges. Extensive research has examined how algorithms affect communication processes, focusing on their influence on news organizations, journalistic practices, public-media dynamics, media literacy, and combating disinformation and filter bubbles.
An emergent strand of research defines and measures the multidimensional concept of algorithmic literacy. However limited research exists on the intersection of algorithmic literacy and journalism. This gap is particularly concerning given the pivotal role of journalism in shaping public discourse, informing citizens, upholding democratic values and contrasting disinformation. Understanding how journalists perceive and engage with algorithms is essential, as these technologies significantly influence their professional tasks, including content production and distribution.
In Portugal, where newcomer journalists work in precarious conditions and digital media transformation is rapidly evolving, understanding how journalists interact with and perceive algorithms is vital. Our study, through a multi-phased approach, aims to fill this gap questioning how can algorithmic literacy, encompassing cognitive, attitudinal and behavioural dimensions, be effectively assessed among professional journalists?
The exploratory results present a validated methodological tool, instrument based on a multi-dimensional analytical framework and specifically designed to measure algorithmic literacy levels and to assess journalists’ experiences. Critical discussion addresses the methodological procedures and preliminary findings from the pre-test, offering insights into Portuguese journalists' understanding, perceptions, and competencies regarding algorithmic systems. By shedding light on the cognitive, affective, and behavioural aspects of journalists’ engagement with algorithms, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of the algorithmic literacy among journalists, which is essential to sustain the quality of their work and for an effective counteraction against disinformation. It also opens avenues for similar studies in other geographical or professional contexts.
Media literacy against disinformation: the vision of South American fact-checkers
Authors: Abuín-Penas Javier , Fernández-Medina Francisco , Corbacho-Valencia Juan-Manuel
Published: February 2024

In recent years, media literacy has been proposed as one of the alternatives with the greatest potential to fight disinformation, while reducing its effects and consequences for society. In this aspect, fact-checking organizations (known as fact-checkers) also play a relevant role in denying all types of hoaxes and fake news. Therefore, this article aims to know the vision of the people who work within these organizations on media literacy and their role in the face of disinformation. Using empirical research techniques that combine observation and analysis of a series of personal interviews, this study will investigate the perceptions, opinions and assessments of these organizations on media literacy as a tool to combat disinformation. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with journalists from the data verification agencies of each of the countries mentioned below: Chequeado (Argentina), Colombiacheck (Colombia), Fast Check CL (Chile) and Aos Fatos (Brazil), all of them signatories of the International Fact-Checking Network (IFCN). In addition, the main media literacy strategies developed by these fact-checkers and published on their websites are presented, trying to identify common patterns in their strategies. The results of the interviews indicate that media literacy is a strategy considered fundamental by fact-checkers in South America. These entities consider that, although their main task is verification, media literacy seems to be the most appropriate solution to combat disinformation and therefore carry out a variety of actions ranging from workshops and conferences to resources, guides or tools hosted on their websites.
Special Issue (2024) Media Literacy to Tackle Disinformation
Authors: Sádaba Charo , Tomé Vitor
Published: February 2024

This OBS* Special Issue has been developed under IBERIFIER, Iberian Media Research and Fact-Checking, project funded by the EC under the European Digital Media Observatory initiative, CEF-TC-2020-2, grant number 2020-EU-IA-0252.
Perceptions of University Students in Communication about Disinformation:
Authors: Colussi Juliana , de Souza Paes Paula , Rubira-García Rainer , Assunção Reis Thays
Published: February 2024

This exploratory research is framed in the context of information disorders and its main objective is to identify the perception of Communication students in Brazil, Colombia and Spain about disinformation, their information consumption practices and aspects of their university education on media literacy. In order to carry out this study, an online survey was conducted between May and July 2023 in 23 higher education centers in the three countries, answered by 231 students. The main findings indicate that university students are aware of what fake news are and most of them know how to identify disinformative content, despite the fact that the development of the necessary skills for a critical reading of the media and the fight against disinformation takes place transversally in different subjects according to the students' perception, which shows the absence of a specific subject on media literacy in the curricula of the Communication degrees in the institutions assessed in the three countries.
A NOVEL EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO STUDY DROP-PARTICLE COLLISIONS
Authors: Gac J. B. Le , Planchette Carole
Published: February 2024

Free drop-particle collisions occurring in air are experimentally produced by combining a stream of drops and a stream of particles, which results from the selective and ultra-fast hardening of another regular drop stream. The set-up offers the possibility to vary accurately the drop and particle diameter, the collision eccentricity, and the relative drop-particle velocity. First observations obtained with drop Weber numbers ranging from 30 to 300, drop Reynolds number between 390 and 4600, and with typical equilibrium contact angle of 70° evidence the existence of full deposition, separation, indicating possible bouncing events. For off-center separation, a liquid ligament forms between the particle and the outlying drop cap that fragments due to excessive stretching, a phenomenon similar to drop-drop collisions. In contrast, for head-on collisions and intermediate inertia, a lamella first forms, whose constrained recoil leads to liquid protuberance(s) that eventually pinch(es)-off. These outcomes can be distinguished using a bi-dimensional regime map built on the impact parameter and the drop Weber number. Despite remarkable similarities with binary drop collisions, important differences are observed especially for low and moderate eccentricities.
Sistematización del programa de creación de empresas asociativas de base universitaria y los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible. Caso: Costa Rica
Authors: Bonilla Federico Li , Espinach Rueda Monserrat
Published: February 2024

Se expone la sistematización del programa de creación de empresas asociativas de base universitaria de la comunidad para el territorio, desde la propuesta del modelo spin-off Social, cuya finalidad es generar progresosocial, que se aplica desde la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica, el cual se basa en la transferencia de conocimiento, así como en el acompañamiento académico gratuito a comunidades con los indicadores más bajos del Índice de Progreso Social. La iniciativa se apoya en el emprendimiento cooperativo, siendo su objetivo general impulsar las ideas de negocios de baja tecnología, pero que ayudarán a las comunidades a empezar a tener una vida con mayor poder adquisitivo por medio de un trabajo decente. La metodología empleada en los últimos cuatro años ha sido de investigación-acción en la creación de cooperativas y guiándolas hasta llegar a su punto de equilibrio económico para ir generando desarrollo territorial, educación inclusiva y de calidad a las personas participantes, contribuyendo a cerrar la brecha digital, acompañándolas en su maduración. La apro-ximación al estado del arte se realizó por medio de la revisión bibliográfica y el conocimiento de expertos. La indagación es cualitativa, descriptiva y transversal. El análisis de las Políticas de Estado de Costa Rica, así como la implementación de los objetivos de desarrollo sostenible (ods) y su relación con la economía social, bajo los fundamentos del cooperativismo; así como la comprensión del modelo cooperativo costarricense. Se detalla el seguimiento de indicadores del Índice de Progreso Social (ips) que miden el cumplimiento de la Agenda 2030 como instrumentos de alcance de desarrollo territorial. El modelo spin-off social permite generar la trasferencia del conocimiento para impulsar desarrollo en los territorios más vulnerables del país. Actualmente, el modelo tiene cuatro años de funcionamiento, se inició en octubre de 2019, tiene más de 600 personas involucradas en 16 grupos pre-cooperativos y 12 cooperativas conformadas.
Reversal of impairment losses and earnings management
Authors: Souza Vinícius Jesus , Freitas Sheizi Calheira de , Bispo Jorge de Souza
Published: February 2024

Although the impairment test is relevant to the quality of accounting information, it requires subjective estimates that allow discretion to manage companies and give rise to earnings management, especially when losses can be reversed. In this context, this research aimed to investigate whether there is a relationship between the reversals of impairment losses evidenced by Brazilian companies listed on B3 and the practice of earnings management between 2010 and 2019. For this, descriptive and quantitative research was conducted, which tested three hypotheses initially developed in the work of Duh et al. (2009) to analyze whether the companies that most recognize impairment losses reverse these losses in the future to avoid the decrease in accounting earnings and whether this behavior is more pronounced in higher levels of indebtedness or when their managers are paid for performance. The findings revealed that, although companies that recognize more losses conduct more significant reversals in the future, these reversals did not occur in the context of declining earnings and were not significantly influenced by indebtedness and the managers’ pay-performance sensitivity. Considering the scarcity of empirical evidence on this topic in Brazil and the need to observe this phenomenon in different institutional and regulatory environments, it is expected that this study will contribute to stimulating the conducting of other similar studies, as well as to foster discussions on how the possibility of reversing impairment losses affects the quality of accounting information.
Procedural-Criminalistic Aspects of Some Clauses of the Modern Stage of Initiating Criminal Proceedings in the Russian Criminal Process
Authors: Komarov Igor
Published: February 2024

The current publication examines a topical problem of modern criminal process connected with the initiation stage of a criminal case. The article presents the positions of Russian specialists in procedural law, both of those who support this stage, and of those who oppose it claiming that it is now an anachronism which should be abolished by the lawmakers. The author conducts a detailed analysis of the contents of Part 1, Art. 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, examines the contents and character of investigatory actions that the lawmakers included in this Part and authorized to be conducted before a criminal case is initiated, specifically: an inspection of the crime scene, the area, the dwelling or any other place, the body, objects and documents; examination (forensic and criminalistic); obtaining samples for a comparative examination; a request of objects and documents, and their confiscation under the procedure provided by the current Code; an appointment of forensic examination, a participation in its process and obtaining its results within a reasonable time; a demand for documentary examinations, audit, research of documents, objects, bodies, an involvement of experts in these actions, issuing a written order for the investigatory bodies to conduct operative-search activities aimed at obtaining evidence of the crime and the guilt of the person who committed it. The conducted study includes critical comments regarding the contents of these actions. Besides, in the current work the author concludes that the contents of Part 1, Art. 144 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation created the conditions and the practical necessity for developing an independent tactic of conducting the abovementioned investigatory actions of the pre-investigation examination at the stage of initiating criminal proceedings, and presents arguments to support this conclusion. The article shows that the tactic of conducting investigatory actions at the stage of preliminary investigation is not fully suitable for a pre-investigation examination.
International Treaties of the Russian Federation on the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of an Armed Conflict and the Establishment of Criminal Liability for Encroachments on It
Authors: Lisauskaite Valentina , Suturin Mikhail
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of international and national laws on criminal liability for infringements on cultural values in the event of an armed conflict. According to statistical data, 54 armed conflicts happened in the world in 2021, and resulted not only in the loss of human life and destruction, but also in the loss of cultural property. The objects of research are international treaties of the Russian Federation and the norms of national legislation: the Hague Convention On the Laws and Customs of War on Land of 1907; the Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict of 1954 and its protocols; Additional Protocol I to the 1949 Geneva Conventions for the Protection of War Victims of 1949; Manual on International Humanitarian Law for the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation; the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The authors analyze the legal conceptual apparatus used in these documents, as well as the theoretical approaches to understanding it, and give their own assessment of the quality and specifics of terminology. The article presents the characteristics of the historical development of the international legal protection mechanism for the abovementioned objects, as well as the implementation of these norms in the national criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. The conducted research revealed some drawbacks in establishing liability within the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the inclusion of formal elements of crimes under different chapters, and the absence of necessary features in the description of crimes. Special attention is paid to the analysis of Art. 356 of the CC of the RF within the context of using it for crimes against cultural property in the event of an armed conflict. According to the authors, such legal recognition could have a negative impact on the possibility of bringing the guilty persons to justice. As a result of their research, the authors put forward a suggestion to divide infringements on cultural property in the event of an armed conflict into war crimes committed by combatants, and crimes committed by civilians. The authors use this classification to describe the specifics of the possible inclusion of corpus delicti within the criminal law.
Sins of the Machines: At the Sources of Robot Crimes
Authors: Zhmurov Dmitriy
Published: February 2024

The author researches the growing problem of criminal use of robots as well as the emerging risks of their autonomous criminal behavior. It is stressed that the topic of criminal behavior and robotics is becoming increasingly more urgent, and that the process of its scientization, i.e. cognition through scientific methods and principles, has started. The solution of the stated problems is also the task for criminal law sciences, such as criminal law, digital criminology, cybervictimology, etc. The article contains a list of key conditions that, according to the author, accelerate the arrival of the time when the criminality of autonomous intellectual machines will be an independent research subject. The author draws attention to the fact that even today it is possible to claim that the conceptualization process in the sphere under analysis is completed, and that the researched topic is obtaining certain theoretical contours. The article presents some doctrinal concepts of the researched problem area, such as «a publicly dangerous action of a robot», «a criminal action of a robot», «robotized criminal action», «robocrime». The author attempts to interpret these relatively new forms of robots’ behavior in view of specific criminological theories.
Artificial Intelligence — a New Form of Using Special Knowledge in Investigating and Solving Cybercrimes
Authors: Pristanskov Vladimir , Kharatishvili Anton , Evstratova Juliana
Published: February 2024

The number of cybercrimes has grown considerably in recent years and now poses a serious threat for the national security of states, information systems and personal data of citizens. The reasons for this considerable increase in cybercrime are the change of global policy, the special military operation, and the restrictions connected with the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors examine the importance of using special knowledge and artificial intelligence (AI) in the investigation of cybercrimes. They research the concept of a cybercrime, and analyze the ideas of scholars on strengthening the counteraction to such criminal activities, which have been spreading rapidly in recent years. The authors conclude that cybercrimes are understood as socially dangerous unlawful behavior, carried out with the use of information technologies and inflicting considerable damage on the economic and reputational interests of people, organizations and the state. They present a classification of the most common types of cybercrimes and key methods of carrying them out. They also analyze the research discussion on the contents of special knowledge, which allows the authors to conclude that in modern legal conditions AI, being a new form of special knowledge, requires a new understanding in view of the use of this knowledge in criminal proceedings. Taking into consideration that this format includes machine self-learning, neural networks, evolutionary algorithms, etc., the authors attempt to outline how they can be used for solving complex criminalistic tasks that require a preliminary analysis of large volumes of forensically relevant information, identification of images and regularities, and argumentation of making organizational-procedural decisions. The authors examine the cyberspheres where special technical knowledge is used, such as cybersecurity, computer architecture, reverse engineering, digital forensics, system administration. AI has a tremendous potential for the modern criminal process, its use will make it possible to enhance the effectiveness of investigatory work as it will considerably improve the speed and effectiveness of procedural actions and pre-court proceedings for criminal cases in general. It is, however, necessary to take into account the existing risks and limitations connected with its use in court-investigative practice. The authors conclude that in order to ensure the adequate use of opportunities offered by AI in the criminal process, it is necessary to develop ethical and legal principles of its inclusion in the sphere of special knowledge used in criminal court proceedings for acquiring forensic evidence on criminal cases.
The effect of permanent protective netting on insect pest prevalence in citrus orchards in South Africa
Authors: Marsberg Tamryn , Peyper Mellissa , Kirkman Wayne , Moore Sean , Sutton Guy
Published: February 2024

The use of protective netting is becoming an increasingly popular practice in the citrus industry in South Africa. However, data on its effects on biotic factors, particularly insect pests, are limited. This study focused on the effect nets have on key citrus pests in the Eastern Cape province. Orchards under nets and open orchards, of similar cultivars, ages and management practices, were monitored at several sites over two seasons for pest infestation and damage. Weekly monitoring was conducted for Thaumatotibia leucotreta infestation. Other pests were monitored either monthly or once a season. During the first season, T. leucotreta infestation was higher in orchards under nets, probably because, unlike the open orchards, the nets provided protection for the existing high levels of T. leucotreta. No T. leucotreta infestation was recorded in both orchard types in 2019. This was due to generally lower than usual pest abundance and dramatically improved area-wide management of T. leucotreta. Pheromone traps were used to monitor T. leucotreta males, including sterile moths used in a sterile insect technique programme. Although higher catches of wild T. leucotreta moths were recorded in orchards under nets, so too were there higher numbers of sterile moths and a higher ratio of sterile to wild moths, indicating the potential for better pest suppression for orchards under nets. Various other key pests were monitored during this time, with variable results for each species. Pests that were elevated under nets include Planococcus citri and Aonidiella aurantii. Pests that seemed to be lower under nets were Ceratitis capitata and Scirtothrips aurantii. Nets had no effect on Empoasca distinguenda, Penthimiola bella and Eriophyes sheldoni. These differences in pest levels in netted and open orchards trigger an important debate on whether nets are beneficial for or detrimental to the successful implementation of an integrated pest management programme.
Text structure as an indicator of the writing development of descriptive text quality
Authors: Stavans Anat , Zadunaisky-Ehrlich Sara
Published: February 2024

Composing a well-written text is a prolonged and challenging process. The present study explored the incipient stages in descriptive texts written (pen and paper) or dictated by 283 Hebrew-speaking Israeli children in second to fifth grades. This study aims to better understand the interplay between age, literacy-related abilities, and descriptive text quality by exploring developmental aspects across grade levels regarding text structural quality, length of text and literacy related abilities, and by analyzing the relation between text structural quality and literacy related abilities (cognitive, transcriptional, linguistic, and reading), beyond length of text and grade level. Regarding the developmental aspects, the results indicate that text structure quality becomes more sophisticated and complete with age, attaining high-quality descriptive text structure from third grade on in the production of autonomous texts with genre-driven elaborate features. Length of text and literacy related abilities also increase with age. Regarding the relation between text structural quality and literacy related abilities, we found in 2nd grade, for P&P text, a significant total effect of syntactic lexical ability on text structure rank, partially mediated by length of text, and a weaker but still significant direct effect of syntactic lexical ability on TS rank, when controlling for length of text. We also found in 5th grade, for DICT text, a significant total effect of reading high ability on TS rank, not mediated by length of text.
Book review | Writing and Reading Connections: Bridging Research and Practice
Authors: Rønneberg Vibeke , Finset Spilling Eivor
Published: February 2024

The book Writing and reading connections: Bridging research and practise, edited by Zoi A. Philippakos and Steve Graham (2023) is a collection of works concerning writing–reading relationships and suggestions for instructional practices that can support the synergetic development of writing and reading. The editors commence by pointing out that an instructional divide that promotes separate instruction of reading and writing exists. With this book, they argue that this divide is unfortunate and that bringing together writing and reading in research and in the classroom can yield positive effects.
ssDNA2.0: Ligation mix I v1
Authors: Meyer Matthias , Nagel Sarah , Schmidt Anna
Published: February 2024

Protocol for the preparation of Ligation mix I for the first adapter ligation in automated single-stranded DNA library preparation using the ssDNA2.0 method (Gansauge et al. 2020). References Gansauge, M.-T., Aximu-Petri, A., Nagel, S., & Meyer, M. (2020). Manual and automated preparation of single-stranded DNA libraries for the sequencing of DNA from ancient biological remains and other sources of highly degraded DNA. Nature Protocols, 15, 2279-2300.
Catalepsy test in rats v1
Authors: not provided eduard.bentea , Sanchiz Calvo María , Baekelandt Veerle
Published: February 2024

Protocol for performing the catalepsy bar test in rats. This test evaluates muscular rigidity, and can be used in rat models with motor deficits, such as models of Parkison's disease.