bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operating Control of Photobiological Safety of LED Luminaires
Authors: Karev Alexander V. , Dmitry S. Lyoskin Dmitry S.
Published: January 2020

Photobiological safety has become an integral part of safety requirements to general use luminaires including during certification. In that context, the necessity to control this parameter in the course of designing and manufacturing of lighting devices (luminaires) as well as sales of imported devices in the Russian market has increased dramatically. In the meantime, experimental assessment of this indicator in accordance with requirements of IEC62471Р¦2013 standard is rather hard requiring application of special equipment and certified personnel. This circumstance makes operating control of photobiological safety by manufacturers almost impossible. The foreign practice of application photobiological safety-related standards confirms this problem. In 2014, International Electrotechnical Commission has published a handbook for application of the standard provisions, which significantly simplifies the procedure of such assessments: IEC/ TR62778:2014. The article describes the method of application of provisions of this handbook as an operating tool in the course of development of general use LED luminaires with white light LED. The provisions consist of assessment of hazard level in terms of illuminance in the area of the most possible location of a spectator and colour characteristics of a light source. A calculation method of risk level assessment on the basis of spatial light distribution and correlated colour temperature of LED luminaires is proposed, the results of calculations are compared with the results of laboratory testing.
La interpretación de la Constitución
Authors: Pérez Luño Antonio Enrique
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: 1. Posibilidad y sentido de la interpretación constitucional. 2. Condiciones y teorías de la interpretación y norma constitucional: 2.1. La interpretación constitucional como «tópica»: los argumentos interpretativos; 2.2. La interpretación constitucional como comprensión: significado de la hermenéutica; 2.3. La interpretación constitucional como opción política: el «uso alternativo del derecho». 3. La interpretación «de» la constitución: 3.1. Métodos de la interpretación de la Constitución; 3.2. Principios de la interpretación de la Constitución. 4. La interpretación «desde» la Constitución: la Constitución como norma interpretativa.
Nota sobre la tramitación del informe enviado por el Consejo General del Poder Judicial sobre el proyecto de ley orgánica del Poder Judicial
Authors: Congreso de los Diputados Secretaría General
Published: January 2020

Dictamen sobre: Nota sobre la tramitación del informe enviado por el Consejo General del Poder Judicial sobre el proyecto de ley orgánica del Poder Judicial
Sobre la pérdida de confianza en sí misma de la cultura occidental
Authors: Habermas Jürgen
Published: January 2020

Estudio sobre la pérdida de confianza en sí misma de la cultura occidental
La autonomía financiera del Parlamento Europeo
Authors: Arnaldo Alcubilla Enrique , Montejo Velilla Salvador
Published: January 2020

SUMARIO: I. Introducción.—II. Evolución.—III. La Sentencia del Tribunal de Justicia de 3 de julio de 1986. Comentario.—IV. La extensión del poder financiero del parlamento Europeo.
De Vergottini, Giuseppe: «Le Inchieste delle Assemblee Parlamentari. Estudios de Derecho Constitucional Comparado» (Recensión)
Authors: López Aguilar Juan Fernando
Published: January 2020

Recensión de la obra: Giuseppe de Vergottini: «Le Inchieste delle Assemblee Parlamentari. Estudios de Derecho Constitucional Comparado»
Baseline Values of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Parameters Predict Response to Acute Hypoxia in Young Healthy Men
Authors: MELNIKOV V. N. , DIVERT V. E. , KOMLYAGINA T. G. , CONSEDINE N. S. , KRIVOSCHEKOV S. G.
Published: January 2020

The majority of the available works have studied distinct hypoxic responses of respiratory and cardiovascular systems. This study examines how these systems interact while responding to hypoxia and whether baseline metrics moderate reactions to a hypoxic challenge. Central hemodynamic, aortic wave reflection, and gas exchange parameters were measured in 27 trained young men before and after 10-min normobaric isocapnic hypoxia (10 % O2). Associations were assessed by correlation and multiple regression analyses. Hypoxic changes in the parameters of pulse wave analysis such as augmentation index (-114 %, p=0.007), pulse pressure amplification (+6 %, p=0.020), time to aortic reflection wave (+21 %, p<0.001) report on the increase in arterial distensibility. Specifically, initially compliant arteries blunt the positive cardiac chronotropic response to hypoxia and facilitate the myocardial workload. The degree of blood oxygen desaturation is directly correlated with both baseline values and hypoxic responses of aortic and peripheral blood pressures. The hypoxia-induced gain in ventilation (VE), while controlling for basal VE and heart rate (HR), is inversely associated with HR and systolic blood pressure. The study suggests that cardiovascular and respiratory systems mutually supplement each other when responding to hypoxic challenge.
Bis(3)-Tacrine Inhibits the Sustained Potassium Current in Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: WEN R.-J. , HUANG D. , ZHANG Y. , LIU Y.-W.
Published: January 2020

Bis(3)-tacrine is a dimeric AChE inhibitor derived from tacrine with a potential to treat Alzheimer’s disease. It was recently been reported to act as a fast off-rate antagonist of NMDA receptors with moderate affinity. In the present study, we aimed to explore whether bis(3)-tacrine could modulate the function of native sustained potassium current in cultured rat hippocampal neurons using whole-cell patch-clamp technique. We found that
bis(3)-tacrine inhibited the amplitude of sustained potassium current in a reversible and concentration-dependent manner, with a potency two orders of magnitude higher than that of tacrine. The inhibition was voltage-independent between 0 to +60 mV. The IC50 values for bis(3)-tacrine and tacrine inhibition of sustained potassium current were 0.450.07 and 50.54.8 μM, respectively. I-V curves showed a more potent inhibition of sustained potassium current by bis(3)-tacrine (1 μM) compared to tacrine at the same concentration. Bis(3)-tacrine hyperpolarized the activation curve of the current by 11.2 mV, albeit leaving the steady-state inactivation of the current unaffected.
In Vivo Recording of Nerve Conduction Velocity of Spinal CNS Fibers in the Mouse
Authors: DIBAJ P. , SCHOMBURG E. D.
Published: January 2020

Anesthetic and surgical procedures and an electrophysiological method were developed for recording nerve conduction velocity (NCV) of CNS fibers in the murine spinal cord. Under intravenous anesthesia and artificial ventilation the lumbar spinal cord segments L1 to L4 and dorsal roots L3 to L5 on the left side were exposed by laminectomy. After stimulation of the dorsal root L4, a compound action potential (CAP) was recorded at the ipsilateral left fasciculus gracilis at the spinal cord level L1. The latency from stimulation to the CAP together with the measured distance between the electrodes was used for the determination of the NCV. NCV of the fastest fibers in the fasciculus gracilis was observed to be approximately 28 m/s. Reversible decrease of the NCV was measured, in vivo, under general hypothermia. The technique described serves for in vivo electrophysiological investigations of spinal central fibers in wildtype and mutant mice.
Medicina Centrada en la Persona
Authors: Calderón Velasco Rolando
Published: January 2020

La medicina, desde sus épocas primigenias, ha sido, es y será una actividad que integra, en diversos porcentajes, arte y ciencia. Por ello, no extraña que en la antigua Greciafuera categorizada como Thekné, basada en la Doxa (opinión, en este caso experta) y no como ciencia epistémica, con exigencia de exactitud.
Complicaciones obstétricas en multigestas adolescentes. Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo 2009-2013.
Authors: Aparicio Ponce Jorge Renato , Salcedo Hermoza Sandra Teresa
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Determinar las complicaciones obstétricas en multigestas adolescentes. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles realizado en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo del 2009 al 2013. Se realizó un análisis documental de las historias clínicas de 1,383 gestantes adolescentes. Se utilizó la prueba de chi cuadrado. Para las variables estadísticamente significativas se realizó una regresión logística multinomial. Resultados: Se admitieron 1,383 historias clínicas de gestantes adolescentes; 342 fueron multigestas adolescentes. Se presentaron 334 casos de morbilidad, siendo las más frecuentes la anemia (50,3%), la infección vaginal (18,7%) y la rotura prematura de membranas (11,4%). Solo existió asociación estadísticamente significativa entre ser multigesta adolescente y la hipertensión inducida por el embarazo (p 0,032) (OR=0,54 IC 95% [0,31-0,96]). Conclusiones: La condición de multigesta adolescente protege en el 46% de los casos a padecer de una hipertensión inducida por el embarazo. No existe diferencia de otras morbilidades entre las primigestas y las multigestas adolescentes.
Actividad antimicrobiana, in vitro, del extracto etanólico de camu camu (Myrciaria dubia) contra microorganismos bucales
Authors: Pardo Aldave Karina , Pareja Vásquez María , Jurado Teixeira Bertha , Guillen Oneeglio Alfredo , Meneses Rivadeneira Leopoldo , Romero Coasaca Ada Carolina
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Evaluar la actividad antimicrobiana, mediante el método de difusión en agar con pocillos, de camu camu (CC) contra microorganismos bucales. Métodos: Cepas de S. aureus, S. mutans, C. albicans y P. gingivalis fueron inoculadas en placas Petri. Extractos etanólicos (EEs) de cáscara, pulpa y semilla de CC y controles (clorhexidina 0,12%, antiséptico bucal, alcohol 70° y agua destilada) fueron cargados dentro de pocillos de 6 mm de diámetro. Todas las placas fueron incubadas por 24-48 horas y 11 días (P. gingivalis) a 35°C y la actividad antimicrobiana fue determinada por la formación de una zona de inhibición del crecimiento microbiano (ZICM), alrededor de los pocillos y medida mediante una regla Vernier, por un investigador, calibrado interexaminador. Se determinó el promedio de tres áreas diferentes de las ZICM (mm). El experimento fue ejecutado entre 3 y 14 réplicas. Se aplicó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial (p<0,05). Resultados: El EEs de semilla inhibió a los cuatro microorganismos. Por cada microorganismo, se evidenció diferencia significativa en la actividad antimicrobiana según grupo experimental (p=0,0000) y entre pares de grupos (p<0,001). Conclusión: Las tres partes de CC ejercieron, diferentes valores de actividad antimicrobiana contra microorganismos bucales, siendo similares o superiores a los antisépticos bucales.
Educación en epidemiología para una medicina centrada en la persona.
Authors: E. Saavedra Javier
Published: January 2020

Tradicionalmente la enseñanza de la epidemiología se ha focalizado en desarrollar competencias en la investigación de la dinámica de las enfermedades con el objetivo de intentar comprenderlas, intervenirlas, limitarlas y especialmente prevenirlas. Sin embargo, existen propuestas que están enfatizando como fundamental para el cuidado de la salud, una atención al entendimiento de las circunstancias en torno a la misma y a la consideración de perspectivas de las personas acerca de sus problemas. Estas aproximaciones involucran la ampliación del ámbito del campo de la epidemiología a otros aspectos contextuales vinculados con conceptos de atención centrada en las personas o la gente, que involucran no solo aspectos de enfermedad o aspectos “negativos” de la salud sino también a aspectos más relacionados con bienestar que han sido denominados salud positiva. Contribuciones desde la salud mental pero perfectamente aplicadas a la salud en general, anticipan el desarrollo de una epidemiología orientada hacia la formulación de una ciencia del bienestar y al avance hacia una promoción de la salud a nivel más elevado tanto en el ambiente clínico como en el de la salud pública. Por tal motivo, se propone que la enseñanza de la epidemiología integre dos aspectos, por un lado, incluir en la búsqueda de la exploración de la dinámica y entendimiento de las enfermedades, los factores relacionados con salud positiva; y por otro lado, integrar al del planteamiento clásico de un período prepatogénico y patogénico, un enfoque a la salud positiva que considere de la misma manera un período pre-salutogénico y salutogénico, contemplando no solo los factores protectores de la salud desde un modelo de enfermedad, sino la identificación de factores promotores e inhibidores de la salud, convirtiendo la salud positiva en centro de atención y de estudio epidemiológico. La combinación de ambos, enfermedad y bienestar o salud negativa y salud positiva, implica la ampliación a un modelo más comprehensivo de la salud vinculado y dirigido a la totalidad de las personas; de esta manera la actividad epidemiológica y por ende la atención clínica devienen en una verdadera epidemiología de la salud.
Problemas de Salud Pública Ocular y lineamientos para su solución
Authors: Miranda-Vargas Fano Mauricio
Published: January 2020

Es importante y crucial comenzar de forma comprometida afrontar las diferentes enfermedades oculares enmarcadas cronológicamente según estudios estadísticos, epidemiológicos y demográficos en cada región del país para mejorar el nivel de atención de la población. Esto conllevaría a formar equipos multidisciplinarios que trabajen de manera intersectorial para combatir las patologías prevalentes de los problemas oculares: en neonatos como la Retinopatía de la Prematuridad (ROP), el Retinoblastoma, los defectos visuales y la ambliopía de la infancia y la adolescencia; afecciones infecciosas y degenerativos de la superficie ocular como el pterigion, causa importante de ceguera, diversas tipos de conjuntivitis y úlceras corneales que comprometen la visión; y en el adulto mayor, glaucoma, catarata y de problemas de retina, mácula y vítreo asociados a enfermedades sistémicas, metabólicas y degenerativas.
Detección de hongos y aflatoxinas en alimentos de importancia en salud pública
Authors: Rojas-Jaimes Jesús
Published: January 2020

Los mercados de abastos, localizados en diferentes distritos de Lima, son lugares que expenden una diversidad de alimentos a una gran población. Nuestro estudio determinó presencia de hongos y alflatoxina de importancia en Salud Pública en 25 alimentos de 15 mercados de 13 distritos de Lima. Entre los hongos de mayor importancia encontrados estuvieron Aspergillus niger en V. vinífera, Fusarium en A. hypogaea y Mucor en O. sativa y C. anuum. Entre las levaduras se identificó a C. tropicalis en S. lycopersicum, C. krusei en D. carota. Adicionalmente se identificó aflatoxinas carcinogénicas en los alimentos con mayor contaminación como Arachis hypogaea “mani” (149,7 ppb) del mercado Limoncillo/Rimac y Capsicum Chinense “ají panka” (56,4 ppb) del mercado Central de Comas. Por tanto, estos hallazgos generan un riesgo para presentar micosis superficiales y profundas, así como el riesgo de cáncer hepático, daño renal y del sistema inmunológico por aflatoximas en personas que manipulan y consumen estos alimentos respectivamente.
Oftalmología para el Médico General
Authors: Haro-Haro Daniel Enrique
Published: January 2020

El Simposio “Oftalmología para el Médico General” tiene por finalidad proporcionar a los médicos generales y a los estudiantes de medicina,  conceptos básicos sobre las afeccionesoculares más frecuentes, de fácil diagnóstico y menor complejidad y aquellas factibles de ser resueltas en una institución de salud de primer nivel de atención, así como, también enfatizar sobre los procedimientos y acciones más efectivas para su prevención. Con ello, se busca facilitar desde el inicio su tratamiento apropiado y hacer posible, de ser necesario, la transferencia oportuna al especialista o a las instituciones de mayor nivel, a efecto de evitar un mayor daño de la capacidad visual.
Análisis clínico y electrofisiológico del hipotiroidismo subclínico en una población hospitalaria
Authors: Pérez-Galdós Proel , Paucar-Cadillo Rosario
Published: January 2020

Objetivo: Investigar los efectos del hipotiroidismo primario subclínico y clínico en la función nerviosa periférica. Métodos: Estudio prospectivo de pacientes seleccionados con diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo primario subclínico y clínico con sintomatología sensitiva o motora; se analizaron variables demográficas, tipo de hipotiroidismo, tratamiento con levotiroxina (LT4); se definió la presencia de polineuropatía o neuropatía focal con estudios de velocidad de conducción nerviosa. Resultados: Se estudiaron a 33 pacientes con diagnóstico de hipotiroidismo clínico (HC) y subclínico (HSC), el promedio de edad fue de 64.76 años, el 90.9 % de los pacientes fueron del sexo femenino, el dolor y las parestesias de las extremidades fueron la sintomatologías más frecuentes, en el HC tratados los niveles de TSH y T4 Libre fueron normales, en el HSC los niveles promedio de TSH y T4 librefueron de: 11.40 mU/L y 0.85 ng/dl respectivamente. Al realizar las pruebas neurofisiológicas se observó que el 42.4 % de los pacientes en general, tuvieron alteraciones en los estudios de neuro conducción sensitiva o motora. Conclusiones: Existe un número limitado de estudios funcionales a nivel del Sistema Nervioso Periférico en pacientes con este trastorno, la afectación del nervio periférico en el hipotiroidismo probablemente esté relacionado a la duración de la enfermedad e influenciados por el tratamiento específico.
Metabolismo intermediario basal y postprandial en obesos de altura y de nivel del mar
Authors: Garmendia-Lorena Fausto , Pando-Alvarez Rosa , Mendoza -Muñoz Yanet , Torres -Damas William
Published: January 2020

Objetivos: Estudiar el metabolismo intermediario basal y postprandial en obesos de altura (OA), y compararlo con personas  con peso normal de altura (NA) y con obesos de nivel del mar (ONM) Material y métodos: Se incluyó a 30 NA-, 39 obesos de altura OA (Cusco, 3,395 msnm.) y a 35 obesos de nivel del mar ONM (Lima, 150 msnm), de ambos géneros, de 40 a 70 años de edad. En ayunas se midió glucosa (G), triglicéridos (Tg), colesterol total (CT), HDL, insulina (I), ácidos grasos no esterificados (AGNE), el colesterol VLDL, LDL, NoHDL y coeficiente HOMA fueron calculados y luego durante 6 horas después de un desayuno mixto estándar se determinó G, I, Tg y AGNE. Resultados: En condiciones basales los OA presentaron HDL más bajo y Tg y AGNE más altos que los NA y AGNE más altos que los ONM. Durante el período postprandial, los OA tuvieron valores más altos de I, Tg y NEFA que los NA y concentraciones más altas de Tg y AGNE que los ONM con mínimas diferencias en la G e I. Conclusiones: Los obesos de altura presentan resistencia a la insulina en comparación a los normales de altura y valores más altos de triglicéridos y ´NEFA que los obesos de nivel del mar.
Emergencias oftalmológicas y su manejo por el médico general
Authors: Barriga-Salaverry Guillermo , Barriga-Doy Guillermo C.
Published: January 2020

Las emergencias oftalmológicas son situaciones repentinas con riesgo inminente de pérdida de la visión que requieren atención inmediata para evitar secuela permanente. Algunas de ellas deberán ser atendidas en primera instancia por un médico emergencista. El objetivo de esta sección es proporcionar los elementos diagnósticos y terapéuticos para que todo médico pueda realizar la tarea con éxito en esta instancia y derivar la situación en forma segura y oportuna al oftalmólogo.
Sindrome de ojo rojo
Authors: Chafloque-Cervantes Augusto B.
Published: January 2020

Uno de los problemas clínicos que el médico en una emergencia enfrenta diariamente es el ojo rojo. La mayoría de los casos son relativamente benignos y autolimitados; sin embargo, algunas condiciones están asociadas con alta morbilidad y son potencialmente amenazantes para la visión y pueden manifestarse inicialmente como ojo rojo. El médico debe estar atento a buscar los factores de alto riesgo en la historia clínica y en el examen, para determinar aquellos casos que pueden ser tratados en la emergencia sin la intervención del oftalmólogo y de otros que deben ser evaluados por el especialista de manera urgente por el peligro inminente de pérdida visual. El diagnóstico diferencial del ojo rojo es extenso, sin embargo, los casos más frecuentes incluyen: las conjuntivitis de múltiple etiología, las hemorragias subconjuntivales, epiescleritis, escleritis, uveitis anterior y glaucoma agudo congestivo de ángulo cerrado, que es una de las emergencias más importantes en medicina.
El Sistema Nacional de Residentado Médico del Perú
Authors: Paredes-Bodegas Eduardo
Published: January 2020

Entre otras, es responsabilidad del Estado promover las condiciones que garanticen la salud y una adecuada cobertura de prestaciones a la población, en términos socialmente aceptables de seguridad, oportunidad y calidad, no solo de la recuperación, pero también de la prevención y de la rehabilitación de secuelas. Asimismo, promover la investigación científica y tecnológica en el campo de la salud, así como la formación, capacitación y entrenamiento de recursos humanos para el cuidado de la salud. En este acápite se encuentra el Sistema Nacional de Residentado Médico.
Clima de aprendizaje en el residentado médico
Authors: Sarabia-Arce Silvana
Published: January 2020

El clima de aprendizaje es un concepto que debe de ser relevante para todos aquellos involucrados en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje, es importante tanto para los alumnos como para los docentes de medicina, de pregrado y posgrado. Este artículo revisará las áreas involucradas en el clima de aprendizaje, los instrumentos empleados para evaluarlo y resaltará el impacto potencial del clima de aprendizaje para promover, estimular y optimizar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes y así mejorar la calidad de la experiencia educativa de los alumnos.
Tracking Sustainability Targets with Quantitative Indicator Systems for Performance Measurement of Industrial Symbiosis in Industrial Parks
Authors: Lütje Anna , Wohlgemuth Volker
Published: January 2020

Industrial Symbiosis (IS) is a systematic and collective (business) approach to optimizing the use of materials and energy among cross-sectoral industries in order to initiate and exhaust extended cascading systems; it is associated with (synergistic) environmental, technical, social, and economic benefits. For monitoring and controlling the development and progress of an IS system, an indicator system must be set up to standardize and assess the IS (sustainability) performance. This study aims to present a quantitative indicator system to enable the tracking of set sustainability targets of an IS system in Industrial Parks (IPs) for goal-directed IS management. The presented guiding framework encourages IP members in IS systems to set sustainability objectives and to evaluate and track their performance over time with a quantitative indicator system. In particular, established and (partly) internationally standardized methods—such as Material Flow Analysis (MFA), Material Flow Cost Accounting (MFCA), Social Network Analysis (SNA), and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)—are used in order to place the indicator system on a solid and robust foundation and to adequately meet the multi-faceted sustainability perspectives in the form of a combinatorial application for deriving suitable quantitative indicators for all three (environmental, economic, social) dimensions of sustainability. The indicator system, once embedded in an Information Technology (IT)-supported IS tool, contributes crucially to the technology-enabled environment of IS systems, driving sustainability trajectories.
Results of SME Investment Activities: A Comparative Analysis among Enterprises Using and Not Using EU Subsidies in Poland
Authors: Piątkowski Marcin J.
Published: January 2020

The need to pay some attention to the issues of investment processes undertaken in enterprises and explore this topic is a direct result of the important role that enterprises play in the economy—with particular emphasis on the SMEs. From the company’s point of view, it is crucial to obtain economic effects as a result of the implemented investment. The aim of the study was to analyze the results of tangible investments in enterprises in Małopolska province in Poland, in two groups of entities—those that implemented investments using EU subsidies and those that financed investments from other sources without using EU aid. This is a unique research in the field of analysis and presentation of investment data in enterprises, especially in relation to companies using EU funds. There is no comparative assessment of investments in enterprises on this topic in the scientific literature (concerning EU subsidies). For this reason, comparing the effects of investment activities between the two groups of enterprises studied—using and not using EU subsidies—fills the research gap in this regard. The study was based on the critical analysis of domestic and foreign literature, and quantitative and qualitative analyses of the results of a survey among 160 enterprises using the CSAQ method, additionally extended by interviews with selected respondents. Data presentation uses a descriptive approach in combination with statistical analysis. A multiple linear regression model (MLR) was also used to verify hypotheses. Research results show that undertaking investment activities contributes to obtaining favorable results in enterprises, regardless of the source of investment financing. The source of financing the investment is not important for the results achieved in the enterprise. However, representatives of companies who received EU subsidies assess their market position higher after investment relative to companies that used other sources of financing for this purpose. Entities that have received EU subsidies have a stronger perception of investment as an important factor determining the company’s development. In addition, variables were identified using the MLR model that affect the assessment of the financial position of enterprises in both groups of entities. This article supplements the knowledge on the economic effects of investments implemented by enterprises in the SME sector in Poland in a situation where these entities used and did not benefit from EU subsidies during 2007–2015.
Variation of Phytoestrogen Content and Major Agronomic Traits in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Populations
Authors: Tucak Marijana , Čupić Tihomir , Horvat Daniela , Popović Svetislav , Krizmanić Goran , Ravlić Marija
Published: January 2020

Alfalfa is the main perennial legume and a rich source of phytoestrogens. Variation of phytoestrogen content and agronomic traits was evaluated in twenty alfalfa populations over two consecutive years. The most dominant phytoestrogen in alfalfa populations was genistein, while slightly lower levels were found for kaempferol and coumestrol. Several populations (Af 1, 12, 18, 19, 20) showed superior agronomic performance, especially high forage yield (up to 71.93 t ha−1). These populations were also characterized by a lower (Af 1, 12, 18, 20) or high (Af 1, 19) content of total and individual phytoestrogens, including Af 8 population with the highest total content (2637.10 μg g-1 of DM) and content of most of the individual phytoestrogens and favorable agronomic properties. Ward hierarchical clustering method grouped the twenty evaluated populations into four distinct clusters. Identified materials provide a valuable source of germplasm for further breeding programs in order to develop new high-yielding cultivars with either low (for forage use) or high (for possible pharmaceuticals/nutraceuticals industries) phytoestrogen content.
Hyperspectral Imaging to Assess the Presence of Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe necator) in cv. Carignan Noir Grapevine Bunches
Authors: Pérez-Roncal Claudia , López-Maestresalas Ainara , Lopez-Molina Carlos , Jarén Carmen , Urrestarazu Jorge , Santesteban Luis G. , Arazuri Silvia
Published: January 2020

Powdery mildew is a worldwide major fungal disease for grapevine, which adversely affects both crop yield and produce quality. Disease identification is based on visible signs of a pathogen once the plant has already been infected; therefore, techniques that allow objective diagnosis of the disease are currently needed. In this study, the potential of hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology to assess the presence of powdery mildew in grapevine bunches was evaluated. Thirty Carignan Noir grape bunches, 15 healthy and 15 infected, were analyzed using a lab-scale HSI system (900–1700 nm spectral range). Image processing was performed to extract spectral and spatial image features and then, classification models by means of Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) were carried out for healthy and infected pixels distinction within grape bunches. The best discrimination was achieved for the PLS-DA model with smoothing (SM), Standard Normal Variate (SNV) and mean centering (MC) pre-processing combination, reaching an accuracy of 85.33% in the cross-validation model and a satisfactory classification and spatial location of either healthy or infected pixels in the external validation. The obtained results suggested that HSI technology combined with chemometrics could be used for the detection of powdery mildew in black grapevine bunches.
Genome-Wide Association and Genomic Prediction for Fry Color in Potato
Authors: Byrne Stephen , Meade Fergus , Mesiti Francesca , Griffin Denis , Kennedy Colum , Milbourne Dan
Published: January 2020

Potatoes destined for crisping are normally stored above 8 degrees; below this glucose accumulates leading to very dark fry colors and potential acrylamide build up. Unfortunately, sprouting occurs above 4 degrees and impacts product quality, necessitating the use of sprout suppressant chemicals. Therefore, a goal of breeders is to develop potatoes with excellent fry color, which is maintained under storage below 8 degrees. Genomic or marker-assisted selection offers an opportunity to improve the efficiency of potato breeding and thereby assist breeders in achieving this goal. In this study, we have accumulated fry-color data on a large population of potato lines and combined this with genotypic data to carry out a GWAS and to evaluate accuracy of genomic prediction. We were able to identify a major QTL on chromosome 10 for fry color, and predict fry color with moderate accuracy using genome-wide markers. Furthermore, our results provide evidence that it is possible to identify a small subset of SNPs for processing characteristics that can give moderate predictive ability, albeit lower than that achieved with genome-wide markers.
Sugar Beet Agronomic Performance Evolution in NW Spain in Future Scenarios of Climate Change
Authors: Sánchez-Sastre Luis Fernando , Alte da Veiga Nuno M. S. , Ruiz-Potosme Norlan Miguel , Hernández-Navarro Salvador , Marcos-Robles José Luis , Martín-Gil Jesús , Martín-Ramos Pablo
Published: January 2020

Changes in environmental conditions resulting from Climate Change are expected to have a major impact on crops. In order to foresee adaptation measures and to minimize yield decline, it is necessary to estimate the effect of those changes on the evapotranspiration and on the associated irrigation needs of crops. In the study presented herein, future conditions extracted from RCP4.5 scenario of IPCC, particularized for Castilla-y-León (Spain), were used as inputs for FAO crop simulation model (AquaCrop) to estimate sugar beet agronomic performance in the medium-term (2050 and 2070). A regional analysis of future trends in terms of yield, biomass and CO2 sequestration was carried out. An annual ET0 increase of up to 200 mm was estimated in 2050 and 2070 scenarios, with ETc increases of up to 40 mm/month. At current irrigation levels, temperature rise would be accompanied by a 9% decrease in yield and a ca. 6% decrease in assimilated CO2 in the 2050 and 2070 scenarios. However, it is also shown that the implementation of adequate adaptation measures, in combination with a more efficient irrigation management, may result in up to 17% higher yields and in the storage of between 9% and 13% higher amounts of CO2.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Tylosin on the Composition and Metabolism of Canine Fecal Microbiota
Authors: Pinna Carlo , Vecchiato Carla Giuditta , Grandi Monica , Mammi Ludovica Maria Eugenia , Stefanelli Claudio , Biagi Giacomo
Published: January 2020

The present study investigated the in vitro effects of tylosin (TYL), alone or associated with prebiotics (PRE), on selected canine fecal parameters. Eight treatments were set up: control diet with no addition of substrates; TYL; Fructooligosaccharides (FOS); Galactooligosaccharides (GOS); Xylooligosaccharides (XOS); TYL + FOS; TYL + GOS; TYL + XOS. The flasks (five for treatment), containing a canine fecal suspension (prepared with the feces of healthy adult dogs) and the residue of an in vitro digested dry dog food, were incubated in an anaerobic chamber at 39 °C. TYL and PRE were added at a concentration of 0.2 and 1 g/L, respectively. Samples were collected after 6 and 24 h for analyses. PRE decreased pH values, iso-butyrate, and iso-valerate throughout the incubation; increased lactobacilli, cadaverine, and, tendentiously, total volatile fatty acids after 6 h; increased n-butyrate, putrescine, spermidine, and reduced spermine and E. coli after 24 h. TYL resulted in lower total volatile fatty acids and lactobacilli and higher Clostridium cluster I after 6 h and higher pH values, spermidine, and E. coli throughout the study. When associated with TYL, PRE counteracted some undesirable effects of the antibiotic such as the decrease of lactobacilli and Clostridium cluster XIVa at both 6 and 24 h. In the present study, TYL exhibited inhibitory effects on canine fecal microbiota partially counteracted by PRE supplementation.
A Multi-Site Feasibility Assessment of Implementing a Best-Practices Meet-And-Greet Intervention in Animal Shelters in the United States
Authors: Protopopova Alexandra , Brown Kelsea M. , Hall Nathaniel J.
Published: January 2020

Animal shelters must incorporate empirically validated programs to increase life-saving measures; however, altering existing protocols is often a challenge. The current study assessed the feasibility of nine animal shelters within the United States to replicate a validated procedure for introducing an adoptable dog with a potential adopter (i.e., “meet-and-greet”) following an educational session. Each of the shelters were first entered into the “baseline” condition, where introduction between adoptable dogs and potential adopters were as usual. After a varying number of months, each shelter entered into the “experimental” phase, where staff and volunteers were taught best practices for a meet-and-greet using lecture, demonstration, and role-play. Data on the likelihood of adoption following a meet-and-greet were collected with automated equipment installed in meet-and-greet areas. Data on feasibility and treatment integrity were collected with questionnaires administered to volunteers and staff followed by a focus group. We found that a single educational session was insufficient to alter the meet-and-greet protocol; challenges included not remembering the procedure, opposing opinions of volunteers and staff, lack of resources, and a procedural drift effect in which the protocol was significantly altered across time. In turn, no animal shelters increased their dog adoptions in the “experimental” phase. New research is needed to develop effective educational programs to encourage animal shelters to incorporate empirical findings into their protocols.
Green Assets of Equines in the European Context of the Ecological Transition of Agriculture
Authors: Rzekęć Agata , Vial Céline , Bigot Geneviève
Published: January 2020

Despite the decline of equine populations in the middle of the 20th century, the European horse industry is growing again thanks to economic alternatives found in the diversification of the uses of equines (sports, racing, leisure, etc.). Equines have many environmental advantages, but the fragmentation of the sector and the lack of synthetic knowledge about their environmental impacts do not enable the promotion of these assets and their effective inclusion in management practices and European policies. To highlight the equine environmental impacts, a literature review was carried out to cover the main European stakes. This work led to the identification of five “green assets”, fields where equines show unique environmental advantages compared to other agricultural productions. These green assets are linked to the nature of equines (grazing and domestic biodiversity), to their geographical distribution (land use), and to their use by human beings (tourism and work). Today, when searching for sustainable solutions to modern environmental issues, the use of equines is a neglected green alternative. Better knowledge and use of equine green assets could partly respond to more ecological agricultural needs and contribute to the development of this animal industry, which has a place in regional development and in Europe’s sustainable transition.
Antibody Conjugates-Recent Advances and Future Innovations
Authors: Leung Donmienne , Wurst Jacqueline , Liu Tao , Martinez Ruben , Datta-Mannan Amita , Feng Yiqing
Published: January 2020

Monoclonal antibodies have evolved from research tools to powerful therapeutics in the past 30 years. Clinical success rates of antibodies have exceeded expectations, resulting in heavy investment in biologics discovery and development in addition to traditional small molecules across the industry. However, protein therapeutics cannot drug targets intracellularly and are limited to soluble and cell-surface antigens. Tremendous strides have been made in antibody discovery, protein engineering, formulation, and delivery devices. These advances continue to push the boundaries of biologics to enable antibody conjugates to take advantage of the target specificity and long half-life from an antibody, while delivering highly potent small molecule drugs. While the “magic bullet” concept produced the first wave of antibody conjugates, these entities were met with limited clinical success. This review summarizes the advances and challenges in the field to date with emphasis on antibody conjugation, linker-payload chemistry, novel payload classes, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME), and product developability. We discuss lessons learned in the development of oncology antibody conjugates and look towards future innovations enabling other therapeutic indications.
Changes in Plasma Fatty Acids, Free Amino Acids, Antioxidant Defense, and Physiological Stress by Oleuropein Supplementation in Pigs Prior to Slaughter
Authors: Rey Ana I. , de-Cara Almudena , Calvo Luis , Puig Patricia , Hechavarría Teresa
Published: January 2020

Olive tree leaves are characterized for having not only a potent antioxidant power but also effects on glucose and lipid metabolism. The impact of the individual oleuropein (OLE), vitamin E + Se (VE), or a combined supplementation of oleuropein, vitamin E, and selenium (VEOLE) was evaluated on pig plasma metabolites under fasting prior to slaughter. VEOLE and OLE had lesser n-3 plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids and greater monounsaturated free fatty acids compared to control. The n-3-fatty acid mobilization was directly correlated with greater cystine and inversely with oxidized glutathione/reduced glutathione (GSSH/GSH) levels. This faster use of n-3 fatty acids might act as an indicator of glutathione synthesis mediated by an increase of cystine in plasma. Different correlations and linear adjustments were observed between plasma antioxidant power and free cystine, free glycine, free glutamine, monounsaturated free fatty acids, and total n-3. The best response to stress was found in VEOLE. Cortisol reached the greatest positive correlation with plasma total n-3 fatty acids, which suggests a faster uptake of n-3 for biological functions such as stress control or energy supply in the brain. From a practical point of view, an enhanced oxidative status as well as control of physiological stress prior to slaughter by the combined antioxidants supplementation might have positive effects on pork quality.
Propagation of Rectangular Multi-Gaussian Schell-Model Array Beams through Free Space and Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence
Authors: Ma Xiaolu , Liu Dajun , Wang Yaochuan , Yin Hongming , Zhong Haiyang , Wang Guiqiu
Published: January 2020

In this paper, rectangular multi-Gaussian Schell-model (MGSM) array beams, which consists N×D beams in rectangular symmetry, are first introduced. The analytical expressions of MGSM array beams propagating through free space and non-Kolmogorov turbulence are derived. The propagation properties, such as normalized average intensity and effective beam sizes of MGSM array beams are investigated and analyzed. It is found that the propagation properties of MGSM array beams depend on the parameters of the MGSM source and turbulence. It can also be seen that the beam size of Gaussian beams translated by MGSM array beams will become larger as the total number of terms, M, increases or coherence length, σ , decreases, and the beam in stronger non-Kolmogorov turbulence (larger α and l 0 , or smaller L 0 ) will also have a larger beam size.
Chaos Based Cryptographic Pseudo-Random Number Generator Template with Dynamic State Change
Authors: Datcu Octaviana , Macovei Corina , Hobincu Radu
Published: January 2020

This article presents a configurable, high-throughput pseudo-random number generator template targeting cryptographic applications. The template is parameterized using a chaotic map that generates data, an entropy builder that is used to periodically change the parameters of the map and a parameter change interval, which is the number of iterations after which the entropy builder will change the generator’s parameters. The system is implemented in C++ and evaluated using the TestU01 and NIST RNG statistical tests. The same implementation is used for a stream cipher that can encrypt and decrypt PNG images. A Monte-Carlo analysis of the seed space was performed. Results show that for certain combinations of maps and entropy builders, more than 90% of initial states (seeds) tested pass all statistical randomness tests. Also, the throughput is large enough so that a 8 K color image can be encrypted in 2 s on a modern laptop CPU (exact specifications are given in the paper). The conclusion is that chaotic maps can be successfully used as a building block for cryptographic random number generators.
Morphological and Structural Evaluation of Hydration/Dehydration Stages of MgSO4 Filled Composite Silicone Foam for Thermal Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Piperopoulos Elpida , Calabrese Luigi , Bruzzaniti Paolo , Brancato Vincenza , Palomba Valeria , Caprì Angela , Frazzica Andrea , Cabeza Luisa F. , Proverbio Edoardo , Milone Candida
Published: January 2020

Salt hydrates, such as MgSO4∙7H2O, are considered attractive materials for thermal energy storage, thanks to their high theoretical storage density. However, pure salt hydrates present some challenges in real application due to agglomeration, corrosion and swelling problems during hydration/dehydration cycles. In order to overcome these limitations, a composite material based on silicone vapor-permeable foam filled with the salt hydrate is here presented. For its characterization, a real-time in situ environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) investigation was carried out in controlled temperature and humidity conditions. The specific set-up was proposed as an innovative method in order to evaluate the morphological evolution of the composite material during the hydrating and dehydrating stages of the salt. The results evidenced an effective micro-thermal stability of the material. Furthermore, dehydration thermogravimetric/differential scanning calorimetric (TG/DSC) analysis confirmed the improved reactivity of the realized composite foam compared to pure MgSO4∙7H2O.
ECE/SAE Dual Functional SuperPin Plus Curved Reflex Reflector by Use of New Structured Corner Cubes
Authors: Le Hien-Thanh , Le Lanh-Thanh , Chen Ming-Jui , Lam Thanh-Hong , Liao Hsing-Yuan , Luo Guo-Feng , Li Yung-Cheng , Lee Hsiao-Yi
Published: January 2020

We propose and demonstrate, using optical experiments, a new reflex reflector structure called SuperPin Plus. The structure is composed of special pin groups with dihedral-angle offsets in corner cubes. One of the specular features brought by this new design is that it can comply with both the US SAE (US Society of Automotive Engineers) standard and the EU ECE (Economic Commission for Europe) standard, so that manufacturing costs of reflex reflector for both European and American automobile markets can be reduced. By using genetic algorithms for optimization, the angles and the positions of the pins, which are the building elements of corner cube reflectors, serve as the parameters to tune up the performance of the SuperPin Plus curved reflex reflector. Compared with conventional ECE flat regular retro-reflectors, we found that not only can we achieve a 41% higher retro-reflection efficiency with the ECE SuperPin Plus flat reflex reflector, but that SuperPin Plus can also act as a reflex reflector within SAE standards. In addition, we demonstrate that the retro-reflection efficiency is 30.5% higher (SAE standard) and 42.7% higher (ECE standard), and that a 32% increase in working area can be achieved if double pin groups are used to construct the corner cubes instead of a single pin arrangement, in a curved SuperPin Plus reflex reflector.
Mass Transfer Through Graphene-Based Membranes
Authors: Levdansky Valerij , Šolcová Olina , Friess Karel , Izák Pavel
Published: January 2020

The problems related to the transport of gases through nanoporous graphene (NG) and graphene oxide (GO) membranes are considered. The influence of surface processes on the transport of gas molecules through the aforementioned membranes is studied theoretically. The obtained regularities allow finding the dependence of the flux of the gas molecules passing through the membrane on the kinetic parameters which describe the interaction of the gas molecules with the graphene sheets. This allows to take into account the influence of external fields (e.g., resonance radiation), affecting the aforementioned kinetic parameters, on the transport of gas molecules through the membranes. The proposed approach makes it possible to explain some experimental results related to mass transfer in the GO membranes. The possibility of the management of mass transfer through the NG and GO membranes using resonance radiation is discussed.
Simplified Vibration PSD Synthesis Method for MIL-STD-810
Authors: Jang Jin , Park Jong-Won
Published: January 2020

In MIL-STD-810, the environmental engineering consideration and laboratory tests by US military, the DP (damage potential) formula is used to calculate the fatigue damage by vibration environments which is a simplified version of a FDS (fatigue damage spectrum) formula. DP, however, was originally made for comparison between different test standards and is not an optimized formula for the synthesis of vibration environments. This paper presents the GRS (Gaussian Random Synthesis) formula for only vibration test synthesis featuring simplified DP formula and produce the same result as DP. Although the GRS provides insight into the synthesis of vibration tests, it must be used with care because it inherits the constraints of the original FDS formula.