bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Tsunami Generated by the Gorringe Bank Fault: Analyzing Wave Heights and Travel Time in the Atlantic Coast of Morocco
Authors: Outiskt Mohamed , Tichli Soufiane , Baptista Maria Ana , Tadibaghtand Abdelkarim , Aboumaria Khadija
Published: March 2024

Two hundred sixty-eight years (about three centuries) since the 1755 Lisbon tsunami, which provoked large-scale damage in Portugal, Spain and Morocco. Scientists in several countries have mobilized to develop investigative methods to study this extraordinary tsunami, with the aim of reducing the impact of waves in future events and protecting and warning populations at risk. However, the most important question remains whether the entire damaged community has sufficient information about the impact to prepare for tsunami risks. The aim of this paper is to determine the maximum wave heights in selected cities located within high-risk tsunami zones in Morocco, as well as the tsunami arrival time for each site. We used the Non-linear Shallow Water model With Nested Grids (NSWING) code to model tsunami propagation. Six cities were determined as observation points as being the subject of tsunami studies in previous work, namely Tangier, Asilah, Rabat, Casablanca, El-Jadida and Safi. The maximum wave height calculated within the Atlantic coast of Morocco exceeds 5 m in some locations and the first waves reach the Moroccan coast in 60 minutes. The authorities might utilize these results to develop evacuation plans.
Hydrochemical characterization of the natural Tamda Lake and its environs (Middle Atlas, Morocco)
Authors: Abbach Jamal , El Talibi Hajar , El Moussaoui Said , Dekkaki Hind Cherkaoui , Ettabai Issam
Published: March 2024

The Middle Atlas region, distinguished by its diverse natural landscapes, hosts approximately forty lakes, each formed through unique geological processes, predominantly tectonic movements and karst phenomena. This research focuses on a specific case study of a lake formed by a landslide within the northern Middle Atlas. Employing both field and laboratory water analysis techniques, this study meticulously evaluates the physico-chemical parameters of the lake's water and its adjacent aquatic systems. The primary objective is to delineate the physico-chemical quality of the water in Tamda Lake and to elucidate its hydrological attributes, thereby contributing to the broader understanding of limnological dynamics in geologically diverse terrains. This investigation not only sheds light on the physico-chemical status and hydrological behavior of Tamda Lake but also enhances our comprehension of lake formation processes in the Middle Atlas, offering insights into the environmental and geological factors influencing water quality in naturally occurring lakes.
Assessing coastal aquifer vulnerability to seawater intrusion using the "GALDIT" method: Application to the Dradère-Souiere coastal aquifer (Northern Morocco)
Authors: Bekkour Fouad , Amharref Mina , Essaouini Hind , Bernoussi Abdes Samed
Published: March 2024

In terms of land-use planning, and in an attempt to anticipate and preserve what can be preserved, the prevention of salinization of coastal aquifers is an important step to which researchers are devoting more and more effort, notably by studying their vulnerability to seawater intrusion. GALDIT is a method for "index mapping" the vulnerability of coastal aquifers, dedicated to the risks of seawater intrusion. The present study involves assessing and mapping the vulnerability of the Dradère-Souiere coastal aquifer (Northern Morocco) to seawater intrusion using this method.
Seasonal variations in the coastal beach profiles at Calabonita Beach in AL Hoceima Bay, Morocco
Authors: Oubaki Younes , El Moussaoui Said , Sagne Papa , El Talibi Hajar
Published: March 2024

Sandy beaches are among the Earth's most dynamic natural environments, with wave action and swells critically influencing the energetics of erosion and sediment transport. This energy's temporal and spatial distribution significantly affects coastal morphological evolution. This study investigates the seasonal morphodynamic variability and short-term alterations at Calabonita Beach, located within Al Hoceima Bay, by analyzing topographic profiles collected from June 2022 to May 2023. Findings indicate that Calabonita Beach is relatively narrow, averaging a width of 27.53 meters with a slope of 6.82%. The annual vertical movement balance was found to be negative, showcasing a distinct pattern of sediment accumulation during autumn and increased erosion during winter. These results highlight the beach's dynamic nature, governed by natural processes and human activities, underscoring the intricate interplay between accumulation and erosion patterns.
Exploitation of Magnetic Susceptibility Data for Soil Stability Analysis: A Watershed Study of the Oued Ghiss Dam in the Central Rif, Morocco
Authors: Ed-Dakiri Soukaina , Etebaai Issam , El-Hassani Hichame , Tawfik Abdelhamid , El Moussaoui Said , El Talibi Hajar , Dekkaki Hinde Cherkaoui , Taher Morad , Damnati Brahim
Published: March 2024

The water erosion of soil in northern Morocco raises significant concerns due to its potential impact on the sustainability and productivity of the land. The objective of our study is to evaluate water erosion by utilizing magnetic susceptibility of soil particles in the watershed of the Oued Ghiss Dam. Magnetic susceptibility measurements were taken on 25cm deep profiles collected from six distinct areas, distributed based on pedology, slope, and land use. The results reveal significant variations in susceptibility. Transects 5 and 6 stand out with significantly higher magnetic susceptibility values compared to other transects, indicating relative soil stability under dense forest cover. Transect 2 also exhibits a range of magnetic susceptibility from 21.05 to 51.67 x 10-8 m³/kg, suggesting relative stability despite slight changes in magnetic susceptibility due to vegetation density and morphometric characteristics. Transects 1, 3, and 4 display lower magnetic susceptibility ranges, indicating signs of active erosion in bare soils. Magnetic signatures of soil particles provide crucial insights into soil dynamics in the Central Rif region of Morocco, emphasizing the impact of geodynamic factors and land use on the degree of evolution and degradation.
Recent Advances in Molecular Pathways and Therapeutic Implications
for Peptic Ulcer Management: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Joshi Deepak Chandra , Joshi Nirmal , Kumar Ajeet , Maheshwari Shubhrat
Published: March 2024

Peptic ulcers, recognized for their erosive impact on the gastrointestinal
mucosa, present a considerable challenge in gastroenterology. Epidemiological
insights underscore the global prevalence of peptic ulcers, affecting 5–10+% of
individuals, with a yearly incidence of 0.3 to 1.9 cases per thousand. Recent
decades have witnessed a decline in complications, attributed to improved
diagnostics and therapeutic advancements. The review deepens into H.
pylori-associated and NSAID-induced ulcers, emphasizing their distinct
prevalence in developing and industrialized nations, respectively. Despite
advancements, managing peptic ulcers remains challenging, notably in H.
pylori-infected individuals facing recurrence and the rise of antibiotic
resistance. The pathophysiology unravels the delicate balance between protective
and destructive factors, including the intricate molecular mechanisms involving
inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, ILs, and prostaglandins. Genetic and
ethnic factors, rare contributors, and recent molecular insights further enhance
our understanding of peptic ulcer development. Diagnostic approaches are
pivotal, with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy standing as the gold standard.
Current treatment strategies focus on H. pylori eradication, NSAID
discontinuation, and proton pump inhibitors. Surgical options become imperative
for refractory cases, emphasizing a comprehensive approach. Advances include
tailored H. pylori regimens, the emergence of vonoprazan, and ongoing
vaccine development. Challenges persist, primarily in antibiotic resistance,
side effects of acid suppressants, and translating natural compounds into
standardized therapies. Promising avenues include the potential H. pylori
vaccine and the exploration of natural compounds, with monoterpenes showing
therapeutic promise. This review serves as a compass, guiding healthcare
professionals, researchers, and policymakers through the intricate landscape of
peptic ulcer management.
Ileostomy: Early and Late Complications
Authors: Santos Francisco Duarte Cerqueira Gomes Girão , Barbosa Laura Elisabete Ribeiro , Teixeira João Paulo Meireles de Araújo
Published: March 2024

Introduction Ileostomy formation is performed for multiple purposes related to intestinal pathology, such as obstructive malignant or benign tumors, inflammatory bowel diseases, intestinal ischemia, and, for the most part, as a protective stoma in high-risk anastomosis. The creation of this surgical opening, despite being considered a simple procedure, is undoubtedly followed by complications in certain cases.

Materials and Methods We conducted an electronic literature search in the MEDLINE database using the PubMed search engine. A total of 43 articles were included in the present review.

Results/Discussion Over the course of the present work, we were able to explore different types of complications that can arise in patients with an ileostomy. High-output stomas were found to be associated with dehydration and electrolyte imbalance. Skin-related morbidity was shown to be present in a great percentage of patients. More severe complications, such as peristomal pyoderma gangrenosum and necrosis, are less frequent and require urgent management. Several risk factors were identified in cases of retraction, obstruction, prolapse, and parastomal herniation.

Conclusion Even though ileostomies may present numerous benefits in certain patients, they are also associated with many complications, which should be avoided and quickly managed, because they can severely affect the quality of life of the patients. Surveillance and follow-up by a multidisciplinary team is strongly advisable, bearing in mind that a good performance on the part of the responsible surgeon is also a key factor.
Pelvic Diameter is not Associated with Positive Circumferential Resection Margin in Rectal Cancer: Retrospective Analysis of 78 Cases
Authors: Vergara-Fernández Omar , Ruiz-Muñoz Erick Alejandro , la Peña Danilo Tueme-de , Bravo-Ávila Héctor E. , Hoyos-Torres Alejandro , Salgado-Nesme Noel
Published: March 2024

Objective To identify if there is an association between pelvic entry and pelvic outlet diameters with increased positive circumferential resection margin (CRM) in rectal cancer.

Introduction Positive CRM in rectal cancer is a major predictor for local and distant recurrence. Pelvic diameters may be related to the difficulty of dissection, as well as intrinsic tumor characteristics such as tumor size, location, distance from the anal margin, and T stage, which may compromise the integrity of the mesorectum and circumferential margin involvement.

Methods A retrospective review of the patient's medical records who underwent surgical resection of rectal adenocarcinoma from January 2012 to June 2022 was performed. The patient's preoperative staging, operative characteristics, and histopathologic outcomes were gathered from the medical records. Preoperative MRI scanning was done in all patients. MRI pelvimetry was done by two observers. CRM involvement was recorded as stated in the pathology report. Pelvimetry variables were dichotomized according to their mean values for correlation analysis. The odds ratio (OR) was calculated from a binary logistics regression model to assess the relation between the positive CRM and the independent variables.

Results A total of 78 patients were included in this study. A positive CRM was reported in 10 patients (12.8%). BMI >27.4 + 6.6 (p = 0.02), positive extramural vascular invasion (p = 0.027), positive CRM by MRI scanning (p = 0.004), and anal sphincter involvement (p = 0.03) were associated with positive CRM. Pelvimetry values were not associated with a positive CRM.

Conclusion No association was found between the pelvic diameters measured by MRI pelvimetry with a positive CRM.
Profile of Surgeons Who Treat Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Brazil
Authors: Zabot Gilmara Pandolfo , Cassol Ornella Sari , Vilela Eduardo Garcia , Junior Antônio José Tibúrcio Alves , da Silva Daniel de Castilho , Saad-Hossne Rogério
Published: March 2024

Objective To describe the profile of surgeons who treat patients with inflammatory bowel disease as well as the characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease care, unmet demands, and difficulties.

Methods The research participants answered a Google Forms questionnaire.

Results Of the 99 surgeons who participated in the survey, 84.5% were coloproctologists, 40% were from the southeastern region of Brazil, and 77.7% were male and had been working for more than 19 years. Regarding the healthcare sector, 63.6% of surgeons worked in both public and private clinics, and most clinically cared for up to 50 patients with inflammatory bowel disease and operated on up to 5 cases per year.

Conclusion This is the first national study that aimed to identify the profile of surgeons working with inflammatory bowel disease in Brazil. The vast majority are experienced male coloproctologists, located in the southern and southeastern regions, who perform clinical and surgical treatment of these pathologies, with major surgeries being performed in large centers by a small number of surgeons.
Vegetating Lesions that Appear in the Scar after Neoadjuvant Therapy for Rectal Tumors: Tumor Regrowth or Benign Neoplasm?
Authors: Cabral Rodrigo Rezende Silva , Cunha Fernanda Biasi da , Nicollelli Guilherme Mattiolli , Sartor Maria Cristina , Brener Antonio Sergio , Winter Wagner Carignano , Degraf Ygor , Zago Lucas Schultz , Gomide Larissa Machado e Silva
Published: March 2024

Introduction After the diagnosis of neoplasm of the middle and distal rectum, patients are often submitted to oncological treatment by neoadjuvant therapy. At the end of this treatment, those patients who show complete clinical response can choose, together with their physician, to adopt the watch-and-wait strategy; although it implies lower morbidity for the patient, this strategy is dependent on strict adherence to treatment follow-up for the early identification of any future local injury.

Materials and Methods Survey of data from medical records and description, and discussion of case reports with a literature review in books and databases.

Results We report the case of a 73-year-old patient diagnosed with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the middle rectum, Stage II (cT3bN0M0), who presented complete clinical response after undergoing treatment with neoadjuvant therapy.

Together with the assistant team, the watch-and-wait strategy was chosen. During the follow-up, an endoscopic examination showed a vegetating at the proximal limit of the tumor scar. We chose to perform submucosal endoscopic dissection. The report of the anatomopathological examination evidenced a serrated adenoma with narrow margins free of neoplasia.

Conclusion Patient adherence to cancer treatment using the watch-and-wait strategy is essential for the early identification of new local lesions. After resection of the lesion identified in the tumor scar site as a neoplasm-free lesion, it is consistent to think that this lesion would be the origin of the neoplasm, given the adenomatous origin.
A new approach to understanding involvement: linking involvement to the memorability of experience
Authors: Akhoondnejad Arman , Rosin Christopher , Brennan Charles
Published: March 2024

Based on the involvement literature, the current research redefines the involvement theory and proposes a new form of involvement, namely situated involvement. The research, then, develops a scale to measure this involvement employing a mixed methods procedure. Afterward, the relationships between enduring, response, and situated involvements as well as the memorability of experience are investigated using structural equation modeling (SEM). The results from a survey of 317 tourists in Queenstown, New Zealand show that the memorability of experience is only impacted by situated involvement, the type of involvement which occurs during an experience. Enduring and response involvements are found to influence situated involvement, and enduring involvement predicts response involvement.
Spiritual affection and support: Unique aging model of older adult Chinese who lost their only child
Authors: Tang Yuanxiong , Xu Qianru , Tian Robert Guang
Published: March 2024

This research aims to explore the mechanism of the online “spiritual solidarity” group for older adults who have lost their only child (shidu parents) in contemporary China. By examining a unique aging model of older adult Chinese who lost their only child, this study conducted an online survey in the “spiritual solidarity” group of the shidu parents through an ethnographic approach by interviews, questionnaires, participatory observation, and other methods. The findings can improve the “spiritually drawn together to old” process for the shidu parents to improve their quality of life and relieve their psychological stress. As a new pension model, the spiritual group takes a virtual information platform as the carrier to break through the limitations of regional activities, meet the various needs of the shidu parent, and provide them with an outlet for emotional energy. Understanding the mechanism of spiritual solidarity is of help to the shidu parents in obtaining spiritual comfort. It is also valuable for safeguarding their rights and interests to improve their quality of life on the spiritual and material levels.
Stressing heart cells to study disease
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: March 2024

Tension across heart muscle cells in 3D engineered tissues prompts distinct electrical changes in healthy and diseased heart cells.
Sea-surface temperature pattern effects have slowed global warming and biased warming-based constraints on climate sensitivity
Authors: Armour Kyle C. , Proistosescu Cristian , Dong Yue , Hahn Lily C. , Blanchard-Wrigglesworth Edward , Pauling Andrew G. , Jnglin Wills Robert C. , Andrews Timothy , Stuecker Malte F. , Po-Chedley Stephen , Mitevski Ivan , Forster Piers M. , Gregory Jonathan M.
Published: March 2024

The observed rate of global warming since the 1970s has been proposed as a strong constraint on equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS) and transient climate response (TCR)—key metrics of the global climate response to greenhouse-gas forcing. Using CMIP5/6 models, we show that the inter-model relationship between warming and these climate sensitivity metrics (the basis for the constraint) arises from a similarity in transient and equilibrium warming patterns within the models, producing an effective climate sensitivity (EffCS) governing recent warming that is comparable to the value of ECS governing long-term warming under CO

2

forcing. However, CMIP5/6 historical simulations do not reproduce observed warming patterns. When driven by observed patterns, even high ECS models produce low EffCS values consistent with the observed global warming rate. The inability of CMIP5/6 models to reproduce observed warming patterns thus results in a bias in the modeled relationship between recent global warming and climate sensitivity. Correcting for this bias means that observed warming is consistent with wide ranges of ECS and TCR extending to higher values than previously recognized. These findings are corroborated by energy balance model simulations and coupled model (CESM1-CAM5) simulations that better replicate observed patterns via tropospheric wind nudging or Antarctic meltwater fluxes. Because CMIP5/6 models fail to simulate observed warming patterns, proposed warming-based constraints on ECS, TCR, and projected global warming are biased low. The results reinforce recent findings that the unique pattern of observed warming has slowed global-mean warming over recent decades and that how the pattern will evolve in the future represents a major source of uncertainty in climate projections.
Sexual stage–specific A-to-I mRNA editing is mediated by tRNA-editing enzymes in fungi
Authors: Bian Zhuyun , Wang Zeyi , Wang Diwen , Xu Jin-Rong
Published: March 2024

A-to-I RNA editing catalyzed by adenosine-deaminase-acting-on-RNA (ADARs) was assumed to be unique to metazoans because fungi and plants lack ADAR homologs. However, genome-wide messenger RNA (mRNA) editing was found to occur specifically during sexual reproduction in filamentous ascomycetes. Because systematic characterization of adenosine/cytosine deaminase genes has implicated the involvement of
TAD2
and
TAD3
orthologs in A-to-I editing, in this study, we used genetic and biochemical approaches to characterize the role of
FgTAD2
, an essential adenosine-deaminase-acting-on-tRNA (ADAT) gene, in mRNA editing in
Fusarium graminearum
.
FgTAD2
had a sexual-stage-specific isoform and formed heterodimers with enzymatically inactive
FgTAD3
. Using a repeat-induced point (RIP) mutation approach, we identified 17 mutations in
FgTAD2
that affected mRNA editing during sexual reproduction but had no effect on transfer RNA (tRNA) editing and vegetative growth. The functional importance of the H352Y and Q375*(nonsense) mutations in sexual reproduction and mRNA editing were confirmed by introducing specific point mutations into the endogenous
FgTAD2
allele in the wild type. An in vitro assay was developed to show that FgTad2-His proteins purified from perithecia, but not from vegetative hyphae, had mRNA editing activities. Moreover, the H352Y mutation affected the enzymatic activity of FgTad2 to edit mRNA but had no effect on its ADAT activity. We also identified proteins co-purified with FgTad2-His by mass spectrometry analysis and found that two of them have the RNA recognition motif. Taken together, genetic and biochemical data from this study demonstrated that FgTad2, an ADAT, catalyzes A-to-I mRNA editing with the stage-specific isoform and cofactors during sexual reproduction in fungi.
From sci-fi to the classroom
Authors: Poole Frederick J. , Polio Charlene
Published: March 2024

With the release of ChatGPT, the use of AI in language teaching has become an issue that we cannot ignore. In this commentary, we argue that AI tools, including ChatGPT, are now among the digital resources available to students and teachers. We therefore need to be aware of the challenges and affordances of their uses in teaching and learning and that helping students understand these issues is part of the language teacher’s role in promoting digital literacy. We first discuss the history of AI in teaching writing and then highlight three issues related to its use: authorship, authenticity and accuracy, and digital literacies. Next, we provide examples of three tasks illustrating how AI can be used to promote language learning, genre awareness, and digital literacy. We conclude by suggesting some areas for further exploration.
Investigation of helicity-dependent photocurrent of surface states in (Bi0.7Sb0.3)2Te3 nanoplate
Authors: Yu 喻 Qin 钦 , Yu 俞 Jinling 金玲 , Chen 陈 Yonghai 涌海 , Lai 赖 Yunfeng 云锋 , Cheng 程 Shuying 树英 , He 何 Ke 珂
Published: March 2024

Helicity-dependent photocurrent (HDPC) of the surface states in a high-quality topological insulator (Bi0.7Sb0.3)2Te3 nanoplate grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is investigated. By investigating the angle-dependent HDPC, it is found that the HDPC is mainly contributed by the circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) current when the incident plane is perpendicular to the connection of the two contacts, whereas the circular photon drag effect (CPDE) dominates the HDPC when the incident plane is parallel to the connection of the two contacts. In addition, the CPGE of the (Bi0.7Sb0.3)2Te3 nanoplate is regulated by temperature, light power, excitation wavelength, the source–drain and ionic liquid top-gate voltages, and the regulation mechanisms are discussed. It is demonstrated that (Bi0.7Sb0.3)2Te3 nanoplates may provide a good platform for novel opto-spintronics devices.
Recent Trends and A Future Direction of Malaysia’s Climate Change Law Program
Authors: Anuar Haslinda Mohd , Wahab Harlida Abdul , Mohsin Mohamad Farhan Mohamad , Mohamad Ani Munirah , Ahmad Wan Norhayati Wan
Published: March 2024

Climate change is a critical global issue that is predominantly caused by human activities. To equip students in higher education institutions (HEIs) with the necessary knowledge and skills to play an active role in mitigating the effects of climate change, HEIs need to incorporate climate change-related programs into their teaching curricula. These programs should emphasize law and policy, enabling students to become environmentally aware and motivated to act. The Climate Change Institute (Institut Perubahan Iklim or IPI) at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia is among several (HEIs) in Malaysia offering a master’s program in Climate Change (Coursework), with a specialization in Environmental Science and Earth Science. This paper aims to analyse the structure of existing climate change programs at both public and private HEIs in Malaysia. Desk research is conducted to gather various information from the available structures involving seven public universities and two private universities in Malaysia which offer 24 environmental-related programs both in undergraduate and postgraduate studies. The findings were analysed by a constant comparative approach that is guided by the key themes of the study. The finding shows that all universities that offer law programs do not have climate change postgraduate law programs offered at their faculties. Other faculties, should they have such a similar program, are more related to sciences, engineering, technology and management. This paper concludes by providing insights into the key features of recent trends in the offering of climate change postgraduate law programs in Malaysia. Accordingly, the findings of the study would serve as a significant guide for the development of any new climate change policy and law programs in the future in line with United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal SDG13 on climate action which focus on Target 13.3 in improving education, awareness-raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning. The new climate change postgraduate law program will also contribute to the sustainability of climate action, particularly in capacity building of the people on teaching delivery methods of climate change policy and law, protecting the planet, promoting prosperity, maintaining peace and establishing connections and partnerships in the teaching methods, such as global learning.
Risk Ratio of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mineral Ore Processing Industry Workers
Authors: Putro Edi Karyono , Karnaningroem Nieke , Syafei Arie Dipareza
Published: March 2024

The mining industry employs machines and equipment that generate noise. Noise is an unwanted sound that can cause discomfort to listeners, leading to health issues. One of the health problems caused by noise is Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL), a hearing impairment resulting from continuous exposure to hazardous noise levels. The Permissible Noise Exposure (PNE) value in the mining industry is set at 85 dB(A). This study aims to assess the risk of noise exposure in relation to the occurrence of NIHL among mineral ore processing workers in the mining industry in Indonesia. The study employs the epidemiological frequency measurement method Relative Risk Ratio (RR). The study categorizes workers into two groups: native mining industry workers and contractor workers in the mining industry. The RR results for each group are 2.68 and 2.76 (RR>1), respectively. These results indicate that the noise-exposed group is at a 2.68-2.76 times higher risk of experiencing NIHL compared to the non-exposed group. Noise exposure in the mining industry poses a high risk of NIHL to workers, necessitating control measures. Control measures involve reducing noise exposure using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as earplugs for workers in noisy areas. The use of earplugs can reduce noise by around 24-32 dB(A). Additionally, some industrial companies conduct awareness programs to encourage workers to use earplugs or other PPE, known as the hearing conservation program.
Façade Assessment of Thermal Fluctuation Attributable to the Productive Facade: Shading Coefficient and Spectral Properties Analysis
Authors: Noraduola Dwi Rinnarsuri , Mangkoedihardjo Sarwoko , Santoso R. Irwan Bagyo , Purwanti Ipung Fitri , Jaya Laode Muhammad Golok , Cahyadi Rusli
Published: March 2024

Productive facades can be a promising green infrastructure for dealing with urban heat islands and food insecurity. Although producing productive facades has proved satisfactory, the cooling effect of small green spaces is still being debated. The incident solar radiation on the leaves is reflected, absorbed, or transmitted, potentially regulating the surrounding air temperature. Therefore, this study aims to discuss how the spectral properties of productive facades are related to the surrounding air temperature. A field experimental building model was carried out to investigate the fluctuation of temperature-affected radiation. Pumpkin (Cucubita pepo) and Sweet Potatoes (Ipomoea batatas L) were applied for the productive façade, which was placed in east and west orientations. The research method analyses air temperature’s daily behaviour and spectral properties of the productive facades. The results revealed that the cooling effect of productive facades fluctuates. Among the spectral properties, absorptance and reflectance have a strong correlation with air temperature, with r=0.56 (east side) and r = 0.68 (west side) for Pumpkin, while r=0.68 (east side) and r=0.72 (west side) for Sweet Potatoes. Existing microclimatic factors, namely humidity and solar radiation, contribute to the degree of this correlation. The findings of this study will provide implications for the design of environmentally sound technology aiming to obtain a better cooling effect and contribute to the food provision for urban communities.
Waste management of household-scale snack industry based on Reduce, Reuse, Recycle (3R) In Watubonang Ponorogo
Authors: Marsono B J , Maharsiwi A Z
Published: March 2024

The household food industry that produces fish-based snacks in Ponorogo needs good waste management. Therefore, the waste is directly disposed of into the irrigation channel and vacant land. The waste produced by the industry contains highly organic compounds, which results in several problems, such as foul odor and eutrophication due to excess nitrogen and phosphorus. The management of water and solid wastes is a must to prevent environmental pollution, reduce waste circulation, and create better production; one of the methods that can be used is Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle (3R). Primary data were collected by sampling, laboratory analysis, and field research. In contrast, the secondary data were collected through literature studies. Based on the analysis results, reduction is done on liquid waste, compostable, and non-recyclable solid waste. Reuse is done on liquid waste and recyclable solid waste. Recycle is done on compostable and recyclable solid waste. Based on waste management, the treatment units begin with a grease, then an equalization basin, an Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR), and constructed wetland. Solid waste storage for all types uses closed High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) tubs. Composting is carried out on compostable solid waste aerobically in a HDPE plastic tub.
Design Management of Environmental Access Security in Priority Spatial Spaces for Green Open Space (OGS) Tropical City Surabaya - Indonesia with CPTED Approach to Reduce the Impact of Visitor Vandalism
Authors: Adrianto Y R , Zulaikha E , Syairudin B
Published: March 2024

This research examines environmental and social problems with a security design solution approach for green open spaces in tropical city parks related to negative visitor behavior, especially in the form of vandalism which can cause damage to facilities and vegetation in areas with dense and varied visitor activities. This research was conducted in priority spatial environments popular and paid parks in the tropical city of Surabaya, Indonesia. The classification of visitor access security detection uses the Crime Prevention through Environment Design (CPTED) vandalism management strategy theory to determine the access security model applied to spatial behavior. The results show that spatial areas with high levels of visitor density and management’s low level of application of CPTED attributes have an effect on increasing the impact of visitor vandalism on park facilities.
Facile preparation of KNN thin film with high purity phase and excellent electrical properties
Authors: Nguyen Phuong T M , Nguyen Tai , Vu Thu-Hien
Published: March 2024

Obtaining high purity alkali niobate (K
x
Na1-x
NbO3) thin films without secondary phase on metal coated traditional silicon (Si) substrates via sol–gel technique has remained great challenges until now. Herein, we report K0.5Na0.5NbO3 (KNN) thin films successfully deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates by a simply effective sol–gel process. A comprehensive and systematic investigation of processing conditions on the microstructures and electrical properties of spin-coated KNN films was presented. We have found that phase purity and microstructures of KNN films are strongly influenced by content of alkali excess and the annealing temperature. Thin films with an equal excess amount of 10% mol K and Na (KNN1) sintered at 650 °C show high crystallinity with a preferred (100)-orientation degree of 78%, and homogeneous and dense surface with columnar structure and large grain size up to 254 nm. The result of quantitative XPS analysis has proved that the composition of the film is close to the chemical stoichiometry. As a consequence, the obtained KNN1 films exhibit a large dielectric constant of 775 and low dielectric loss of ∼2% in the wide frequency range from 1kHz up to 10MHz as well as the best shape of P−E loops. Furthermore, leakage current density of the film is about 9.45 × 10−5 A cm−2 at E ≈100 kV cm−1.
Severe reduction in spawning days and larval abundance of walleye pollock under future warming in the western East/Japan Sea
Authors: Kim Yong-Yub , Lee Seung-Tae , Kim Bong-Gwan , Cho Yang-Ki , Lee Chung Il , Kim Sangil , Tak Yong-Jin
Published: March 2024

The collapse of walleye pollock catch in the Korean fishing region during the late 1980s remains unresolved despite enormous efforts to recover its stock. To investigate the future fate of walleye pollock in the western East/Japan Sea (EJS) in the late 21st century, we implemented a dynamical downscaling approach by developing high-resolution regional ocean climate models (1/20°) with the selected Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) global climate models. We analyzed the changes in the spawning days and larval distribution of walleye pollock in the western EJS. Under the SSP5–8.5 global warming scenario, the suitable spawning period ratio of walleye pollock was drastically reduced by 76%. The severe reduction in spawning days in the western EJS was mainly attributed to ocean warming caused by a decrease in atmospheric surface cooling. Moreover, our particle tracking experiment showed substantial loss of eggsand larvae south of 38° N. Our study projected a drastic collapse of walleye pollock in the western EJS and proposed a variety of collapse patterns based on local circulation under future warming conditions. These findings can help the local fishing industry adapt and assist neighboring governments in planning future fisheries management strategies.
Assessment of temperature and ITCs on single gate L-shaped tunnel FET for low power high frequency application
Authors: Singh Prabhat , Yadav Dharmendra Singh
Published: March 2024

In a vertical TFET structure, controllability over the gate is enhanced because of the favorable electrostatic potential and tunneling under the entire gate region by preventing the direct source to drain tunneling. For an L-shaped TFET, the Band-to-Band-Tunneling (BTBT) is perpendicular and parallel to the channel length. Also, it has a higher I

on
(ON-current) with suppressed ambipolar current (low I

ambi
) and is more scalable than other vertical BTBT mechanism-based TFET structures. The reliability of n-type single gate L-shaped TFET (SG-nLTFET) is investigated by examining: (1) impact of temperature (Temp

K
) variation (from 260 K to 460 K) and (2) Interface trap charge (ITCs) polarity at fixed charge density on analog /RF /linearity figure of merits (FOMs). The obtained results reveal that change in polarity of ITCs at the Si/HfO
2 interface,modifies the analogue characteristics of the SG-nLTFET significantly in terms of turn-on voltage as well as I

on
. The temperature sensitivity of SG-nLTFET device indicates that the ShockleyReadHall (SRH) and Trap-Assisted-Tunneling (TAT) phenomenon dominates at lower gate bias and degrades the I

on
/I

off
ratio at high temperatures. On the other hand, the BTBT mechanism predominates in the subthreshold regime of transfer characteristics. Furthermore, the results reveal that the off-state current (I

off
) degrades dramatically at high temperatures. According to the empirical analysis, SG-nLTFET is insusceptible to Positive-ITCs (Donor trap charges, P-ITCs) present at Si/HfO
2 interface in comparison to Negative-ITCs (Acceptor trap charges, N-ITCs).
The degree of economic development pattern of economy
Authors: Guo Yuan-Yuan , Han Xiao-Pu
Published: March 2024

In this article, we explore the concept and measurement of the degree of economic development pattern (DEDP) of economy, which refers to the extent to which the development of an economy can serve as a reference for other economies. Utilizing 76 macroeconomic indicators across 217 economies, the economic development paths in a standardized space of economy is compared to identify variations in DEDP through the regression analysis on the relationship between the similarity of development paths and the growth rate on gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. To measure DEDP of economy from different perspective, two types of metrics are constructed. One is the determination coefficient of regression analysis, which exhibits significant positive correlations with population size of economy, uncovering differences of development paths among economies of varying population sizes. The other type of metrics is based on the consistency on regression coefficients and effectively explains disparities among economies in the growth rate on GDP per capita, economic complexity index and economic fitness. These findings reveal the differences in development paths among different countries from the perspective of referentiality for development patterns, suggesting the potential existence of the paths with more universal meaning to economic development.
Coumarin-based fluorescent probe synthesized by one-step reaction for sensitive detection of hydrazine and its application
Authors: Geng Xiangdong , Zheng Xiaoyan , Tang Keyong , Liu Jie
Published: March 2024

A coumarin-derivative fluorescent probe 3-(2-naphthyl)-7-acetoxycoumarin (TTAM) for hydrazine detection was successfully designed and synthesized. Hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry showed that the nucleophilic substitution that occurred between hydrazine and the acyl oxide group of TTAM led to the probe fluorescence intensity increasing significantly and a remarkable color change that could be distinguished by using the naked eye. The reaction could be finished in 120 s and the detection limit was only 3.1 × 10−8 M. Moreover, a simple test paper was successfully developed that could be applied for the rapid detection of hydrazine in water samples.
Cognitive Decline After Divorce and Widowhood: Is Marital Loss Always a Loss?
Authors: Hanes Douglas William , Clouston Sean A P
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives

We used longitudinal data to determine whether the type of marital loss is associated with the rate of cognitive change before and after divorce or widowhood. Previous research found that relationship status was associated with older adults’ cognitive performance: married persons performed better on memory assessments and had lower dementia risk than unmarried-cohabitating, never-married, divorced, and widowed persons. However, the end of a marriage may cause distress or reduce distress because a stressor disappears. Questions thus remain about the mechanisms by which marital change affects cognitive outcomes and, specifically, whether termination of marriage can improve cognitive performance for some.

Research Design and Methods

Using data from the 1998–2016 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (N = 23,393), we conducted two analyses. First, we used trajectory analysis to create clusters of participants with similar cognitive trajectories and tested the association between participants’ cluster membership and marital loss type. Second, we used multilevel modeling to analyze the relationship between participants’ cognitive scores while married and following divorce or widowhood and linked these to marital features.

Results

Participants who divorced showed no difference in trajectory distribution; widowed participants were more likely to be in the lower-performing and more quickly declining groups. Participants had lower rates of decline following divorce (β = .136, p < .001), while widowed participants had accelerated decline following spousal death (β = −0.183, p < .001) and an immediate decline following spousal death (β = −0.113, p = .028).

Discussion and Implications

We found that the type of marital loss was important, and predicted improvements in cognition for some and decrements for others, with individuals who were divorced performing best while those who were widowed or separated but not divorced performing worse.
Shared Activities as a Protective Factor Against Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia and Caregiver Stress
Authors: Petrovsky Darina V , Yildiz Mustafa , Yefimova Maria , Sefcik Justine S , Baker Zachary G , Ma Kris Pui Kwan , Rahemi Zahra , Bacsu Juanita-Dawne R , Smith Matthew Lee , Pickering Carolyn E Z
Published: March 2024

Background and Objectives

Most persons with dementia experience behavioral and psychological symptoms (BPSD). While there is evidence that structured activity programs can be beneficial for persons with dementia and their caregivers, it is not well understood how joint engagement in shared activities affects BPSD and caregiver stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating effect of doing a shared activity on the BPSD and caregiver stress.

Research Design and Methods

This study used an intensive longitudinal observational design in which caregivers completed baseline and once-a-day diary surveys for 21 days. Caregivers were asked whether they did a pleasant noncare activity with their relative, the presence of 8 BPSD, and their stress level. A moderation model in a structural equation model examined the relationship between these variables.

Results

Our sample consisted of 453 caregivers (87.4% female, 51.4% non-Hispanic White, mean age 53 years [standard deviation {SD}: 14]) and person living with dementia whose mean age was 79 years (SD: 9). On days when the caregivers engaged in a shared activity together with person living with dementia, there was a significant decrease in the BPSD (estimate −0.038, standard error [SE] = 0.016, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.069, −0.007, p value = 0.018). The effects of engaging in a shared activity decreased the impact of caregiver stress by 0.052 (estimate −0.052, SE = 0.018, 95% CI: −0.087, −0.017, p value = 0.004). At the between-person level, no differences were found in BPSD across caregivers who engaged or did not engage in shared activities.

Discussion and Implications

The results of our study indicate that doing a shared activity is associated with reduced BPSD among persons with dementia and may buffer the impact of caregiver stress on BPSD. Shared activities should be considered a key intervention component for dementia caregivers.
Progress in Access and Oral Polio Vaccine Coverage Among Children Aged <5 Years in Polio Campaigns After the Political Change in Afghanistan
Authors: Sabawoon Wrishmeen , Seino Shion , Pason Bakht Mohmmad , Momin Nek Wali Shah , Kanamori Sayako , Bender Connor , Takemura Kazuhisa
Published: March 2024

Background

Warfare has long impeded vaccination programs in polio-endemic Afghanistan. We aimed to describe progress in access to children under 5, oral polio vaccine (OPV) coverage among children under 5 in nationwide polio campaigns, and polio surveillance performance indicators after the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan collapsed to Taliban forces in August 2021.

Methods

Trends in the number of wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) and circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus type 2 (cVDPV2) cases and surveillance indicators from 2015 to 2023, and trends in the OPV coverage in the November 2020–June 2022 polio campaigns, were described.

Results

From 2015 to mid-July 2020, 74 of 126 (58.7%) WPV1 cases were reported from inaccessible areas. In November 2020, 34.1% of target children under 5 were inaccessible; in November 2021 (the first postchange polio campaign), all were accessible. From November 2020, under-5 OPV coverage of 69.9% rose steadily to 99.9% in the May 2022 campaign. The number of cVDPV cases fell from 308 (2020) to zero (2022). June 2022's house-to-house OPV coverage was 34.2% higher than non–house-to-house modalities. Nonpolio acute flaccid paralysis and stool adequacy rates rose from 18.5/100 000 and 92.6% in 2020 to 24.3/100 000 and 94.4% in 2022, respectively.

Conclusions

Children's inaccessibility no longer vitiates polio eradication; polio surveillance systems are less likely to miss any poliovirus circulation.
Immigration delays but does not prevent adaptation following environmental change: experimental evidence
Authors: Durkee Lily F , Olazcuaga Laure , Melbourne Brett A , Hufbauer Ruth A
Published: March 2024

In today’s rapidly changing world, it is critical to examine how animal populations will respond to severe environmental change. Following events such as pollution or deforestation that cause populations to decline, extinction will occur unless populations can adapt in response to natural selection, a process called evolutionary rescue. Theory predicts that immigration can delay extinction and provide novel genetic material that can prevent inbreeding depression and facilitate adaptation. However, when potential source populations have not experienced the new environment before (i.e., are naive), immigration can counteract selection and constrain adaptation. This study evaluated the effects of immigration of naive individuals on evolutionary rescue using the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum, as a model system. Small populations were exposed to a challenging environment, and 3 immigration rates (0, 1, or 5 migrants per generation) were implemented with migrants from a benign environment. Following an initial decline in population size across all treatments, populations receiving no immigration gained a higher growth rate one generation earlier than those with immigration, illustrating the constraining effects of immigration on adaptation. After 7 generations, a reciprocal transplant experiment found evidence for adaptation regardless of immigration rate. Thus, while the immigration of naive individuals briefly delayed adaptation, it did not increase extinction risk or prevent adaptation following environmental change.