bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of model bias influences on wave data assimilation with multiple assimilation systems using WaveWatch III v5.16 and SWAN v41.20
Authors: Li Jiangyu , Zhang Shaoqing
Published: March 2020

Abstract. High-quality wave prediction with a numerical wave model is of societal value. To initialize the wave model, wave data assimilation (WDA) is
necessary to combine the model and observations. Due to imperfect numerical schemes and approximated physical processes, a wave model is always
biased in relation to the real world. In this study, two assimilation systems are first developed using two nearly independent wave models; then,
“perfect” and “biased” assimilation frameworks based on the two assimilation systems are designed to reveal the uncertainties of WDA. A series
of biased assimilation experiments is conducted to systematically examine the adverse impact of model bias on WDA. A statistical approach based
on the results from multiple assimilation systems is explored to carry out bias correction, by which the final wave analysis is significantly
improved with the merits of individual assimilation systems. The framework with multiple assimilation systems provides an effective platform to
improve wave analyses and predictions and help identify model deficits, thereby improving the model.
Understanding the relative importance of vertical and horizontal flow in ice-wedge polygons
Authors: Wales Nathan A. , Gomez-Velez Jesus D. , Newman Brent D. , Wilson Cathy J. , Dafflon Baptiste , Kneafsey Timothy J. , Soom Florian , Wullschleger Stan D.
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Ice-wedge polygons are common Arctic landforms. The
future of these landforms in a warming climate depends on the bidirectional
feedback between the rate of ice-wedge degradation and changes in
hydrological characteristics. This work aims to better understand the
relative roles of vertical and horizontal water fluxes in the subsurface of
polygonal landscapes, providing new insights and data to test and calibrate
hydrological models. Field-scale investigations were conducted at an
intensively instrumented location on the Barrow Environmental Observatory
(BEO) near Utqiaġvik, AK, USA. Using a conservative tracer, we examined
controls of microtopography and the frost table on subsurface flow and
transport within a low-centered and a high-centered polygon. Bromide tracer
was applied at both polygons in July 2015 and transport was monitored
through two thaw seasons. Sampler arrays placed in polygon centers, rims,
and troughs were used to monitor tracer concentrations. In both polygons,
the tracer first infiltrated vertically until encountering the frost table and was then transported horizontally. Horizontal flow occurred in more
locations and at higher velocities in the low-centered polygon than in the
high-centered polygon. Preferential flow, influenced by frost table
topography, was significant between polygon centers and troughs. Estimates
of horizontal hydraulic conductivity were within the range of previous
estimates of vertical conductivity, highlighting the importance of
horizontal flow in these systems. This work forms a basis for understanding
complexity of flow in polygonal landscapes.
Towards Resilient Vital Infrastructure Systems: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Research Agenda
Authors: Mehvar Seyedabdolhossein , Wijnberg Kathelijne , Borsje Bas , Kerle Norman , Schraagen Jan Maarten , Vinke de Kruijf Joanne , Geurs Karst , Hartmann Andreas , Hogeboom Rick , Hulscher Suzanne
Published: March 2020

Abstract. Infrastructure systems are inextricably tied to society by providing a variety of vital services. These systems play a fundamental role in reducing the vulnerability of communities and increasing their resilience to natural and human-induced hazards. While diverse definitions of the resilience engineering concept exist for the infrastructures, analysing resilience of these systems within cross sectoral and interdisciplinary perspectives remains limited and fragmented in research and practice. This review synthesizes and complements existing knowledge in designing resilient vital infrastructures with the aim to assist researchers and policy makers by identifying: (1) key conceptual tensions and challenges that arise when designing resilient infrastructure systems; (2) engineering and non-engineering based measures to enhance resilience of the vital infrastructures, including the best recent practices available; and (3) opportunities for future research in this field. Results from a systematic literature review combined with expert interviews are integrated into a conceptual framework in which infrastructures are defined as a conglomeration of interdependent social, ecological, and technical systems. Our results indicate that conceptual and practical challenges in designing resilient infrastructures continue to exist, hence these systems are still being built without taking resilience explicitly into account. A review of available measures and recent applications shows that these measures have not been widely applied in designing different systems. To advance our understanding of the resilience engineering concept for infrastructure systems, main pressing topics to address evolve around the: (i) integration of the combined social, ecological and technical resilience of infrastructure systems, focusing on cascading effects of failures and dependencies across these complex systems; and (ii) development of new technology to identify the factors that create different recovery characteristics for these socio-ecological-technical systems.
Analyzing links between simulated Laptev Sea sea ice and atmospheric conditions over adjoining landmasses using causal-effect networks
Authors: Rehder Zoé , Niederdrenk Anne Laura , Kaleschke Lars , Kutzbach Lars
Published: March 2020

Abstract. The connection between permafrost and sea ice in the Arctic is not fully understood. As a first step, we investigate how sea ice interacts with the atmosphere over the permafrost landscape. Prior research established that Arctic-wide sea-ice loss can lead to a warming over circumpolar landmasses. However, it is still unclear which physical mechanisms drive this connection. We address this by identifying these physical mechanisms as well as local and large-scale drivers of sea-ice cover with a focus on one region with highly variable sea-ice cover and high sea-ice productivity: the Laptev Sea region. We analyze the output of coupled a ocean-sea ice-atmosphere-hydrological discharge model with two statistical methods. With the recently developed Causal Effect Networks we identify temporal links between different variables, while we use composites of high- and low-sea-ice-cover years to reveal spatial patterns and mean changes in variables. We find that in the model local sea-ice cover is a driven rather than a driving variable. Springtime melt of sea ice in the Laptev Sea is mainly controlled by atmospheric large-scale circulation, mediated through meridional wind speed and ice export. During refreeze in fall thermodynamic variables and feedback mechanisms are important - sea-ice cover is interconnected with air temperature, thermal radiation and specific humidity. Though low sea-ice cover leads to an enhanced southward transport of heat and moisture throughout summer, links from sea-ice cover to the atmosphere over land are weak, and both sea ice in the Laptev Sea and the atmospheric conditions over the adjacent landmasses are mainly controlled by common external drivers.
Daily water-level variations of supraglacial lakes in the southern Inylchek Glacier, Central Asia
Authors: Sakurai Naoki , Narama Chiyuki , Daiyrov Mirlan , Esenamanov Muhammed , Usekov Zarylbek , Inoue Hiroshi
Published: March 2020

Abstract. To better understand the storage in and drainage through supraglacial lakes and englacial conduits, we investigated the daily water-level variations of supraglacial lakes on the southern Inylchek Glacier in Kyrgyzstan. To examine these variations, we used daily aerial digital images over three years (22 July–15 August 2017, 8–29 July 2018, and 12–19 July 2019) from an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) that were converted to digital surface models (DSMs) and ortho-images. Our main results are as follows. 1) When one lake drained, the water levels of other lakes might simultaneously increase, indicating that drainage water is shared with several lakes through a main englacial conduit. In one drainage event, a branch englacial conduit clearly connected to a main englacial conduit. 2) Sometimes, several lakes discharged simultaneously, indicating that several lakes had connected to a main englacial conduit that had opened. Such a case can cause larger-scale drainage than that from the opening of a branch englacial conduit. 3) Several lakes discharged twice in the same year, each time through a different conduit, indicating that the main englacial conduit can be abandoned and reused. 4) In some lakes, the water level gradually increased with nearly the same increase rate just before drainage. Such an increase may be an indicator of imminent lake drainage.
Financial Stability of Conventional and Islamic Banks: Empirical Evidence
Authors: Abidi Ilyes , Nsaibi Mariem , Regaieg Boutheina
Published: March 2020

The aim of this paper is to study the stability of Islamic banks vs. conventional banks. Unlike previous works on this topic, we used profitability, solvency, productivity, investment and risk indicators, as well as macroeconomic indicators. Likewise, we used effectiveness and efficiency indicators, determined via the SFA and DEA method respectively.The banks in our sample were selected based on their contribution to the total assets of both types of finance. This selection method allowed us to have a global idea on the effectiveness, efficiency, risk and stability of the two banking sectors.This empirical investigation revealed that Sharia-compatible banks are more efficient than conventional banks. In contrast, Islamic banks are less efficient and riskier than conventional banks. They lose on average 5.795% and 3.9413% of their assets, respectively, as credit risk and operational risk. In terms of market risk, Islamic banks are less risky than conventional banks. They lost 3,214% of their assets over the 2004-2014 period, compared with 4,119% for conventional banks.All in all, the two types of institutions were able to resist the crisis despite the slight reduction in activity and the minimal decrease in their stability scores due to the decline in activity and the prudent policy they adopted.
Organización, cohesión y cambio social Una mirada sociológica sobre el "existir juntos "
Authors: Moallic Benjamin
Published: March 2020

Pensar el "existir juntas." puede resumirse en cuestionar las organizaciones, sus tendencias a la cohesión como a la dispersión y sus relaciones con el cambio. Los cambios sociales contemporáneos ofrecen un terreno de reflexión fértil. En el caso de El Salvador y Centroamérica, las rupturas vividas desde un cuarto de siglo representan intrigas Para las ciencias sociales, cuales deberían buscar en la transdisciplinaridad una renovación de sus enfoques. La democracia, el dinamismo evangélico, la violencia, las migraciones y los movimientos sociales son fenómenos que pueden alumbrar las tendencias de estos países. Buscando también el desarrollo de perspectivas comparativas, se puede pretender completar visiones de un paradigma que desde veinte años hizo su retorno sobre la escena sociológica europea.
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) by Asian and European Union (EU) Countries: The Investment Effects of Pharmaceutical Sector
Authors: Hussain Asif , Yang Xue , Yali Lu , Nazir MS
Published: March 2020

The importance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in current era is clearly seen in the investment made by carious companies abroad and also receiving international investment by local companies. The countries are involved in outwards and inwards FDI to receive maximum profit and long-term benefits from various FDI projects. In this regard, outwards foreign direct investment (OFDI) is also getting increased importance along with inwards FDI. The current study thereby intends to investigate the OFDI trends of companies from European Union and Asian countries whereby focusing on pharmaceutical sector particularly. Moreover, it is noteworthy that there is a rapid growth in pharmaceutical industries around the world due to advanced technology and infinite amassed need for treatment and cure options. Therefore, current study targets three European Union countries and three Asian countries, including both developed and developing nations, and investigates the OFDI patterns of pharmaceutical sector of countries. The results reveal that EU states are effective in both attracting FDI and making investments abroad and in domestic markkets; however, Netherland among three states has the highest performance in FDI inflows and outflows patterns. The analysis of Asian countries indicated that they are less effective in terms of their FDI flows compared to EU states. This is because of their developing stage and less economic growth stages. However, among three countries, Turkey presents the highest performance in attracting FDI from international markets, while Israel has highest performance in making investments abroad among three countries.
Promoting Sustainable Development in Rural Communities: The Role of the University of Botswana
Authors: Tladi-Sekgwama Flora , Ntseane Gabo P.
Published: March 2020

Universities are better placed through their community engagement mandates to provide solutions for sustainable community livelihoods. The paper uses the case of the Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) strategy, regarded as both a conservation and rural development strategy in Botswana to demonstrate how a structured community engagement agenda can enable the University of Botswana to play a more impactful role in the successful implementation of nationally upheld development initiatives such as the CBNRM. Systems theory is applied to demonstrate the need for a university engagement strategy, working model, guide to CBNRM sustainable development activities and a framework for the maintenance of sustainable engagement partnerships. Literature review showed uncoordinated research activity in support of the CBNRM by different departments and institutes of the UB. While content analysis of the CBNRM draft policy objectives showed the UB being more impactful by focusing its community engagement on two modes: “sustainability partnerships” and “research committed to sustainability”.
Joint event: 7th Regional Symposium on Electrochemistry - South East Europe (RSE–SEE 7) and 8th Kurt Schwabe Symposium - Editorial
Authors: Horvat-Radošević Višnja , Mandić Zoran
Published: March 2020

This special issue of jESE contains a collection of articles that were originally presented at 7th Regional Symposium on Electrochemistry-­­South East Europe (RSE–SEE 7) that was held jointly with 8th Kurt Schwabe Symposium, on 27-30 May 2019, in Split, Croatia. This gathering was intended to facilitate exchange of ideas and collaborations among experts, engineers and beginners in the field of electrochemistry.
Differences in Right Ventricular Dysfunction in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Hypertension versus Secondary Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Emami Sepideh , Samiei Niloufar , Amin Ahamd , Taghavi Sepideh , Parsaee Mozhghan , Naderi Nasim , Serati Alireza , Movahed Mohammad
Published: March 2020

Introduction: Right ventricular (RV) function in the setting of pulmonary hypertension based on different etiologies has not been well studied. In this study, we evaluated the RV function in patients with idiopathic pulmonary hypertension (IPH) versus secon-dary pulmonary hypertension (SPH) due to congestive heart failure. Material and method: Forty-five patients with pulmonary hypertension and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II or III were enrolled. Of these, 22 were diagnosed with IPH and 23 with SPH. Echocardiographic data, including Doppler and Doppler based strain, were assessed according to the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) Guideliness for detailed evaluation of RV function in these two groups. Results: Mean PAP was 60 ± 14.5 mm Hg in patients with IPH versus 43 ± 11.5 mm Hg in patients with SPH (p = 0.001). Considering conventional indexes of RV function, only Sm and dp/dt were significantly better in the first group compared with the second group (p-value for Sm = 0.042 and for dp/dt = 0.039). RV end diastolic dimension was significantly higher in the IPH group (p = 0.013). Using deformation indexes of RV function, the basal and mid portion of RV free wall strain and basal RV strain rates were significantly worse in the chronic systolic heart failure (PH-HF) group in comparison to the IPH group (p < 0.001 in basal RV strain, p = 0.034 in mid RV strain and p = 0.046 in basal RV strain rate respectively). Conclusion: IPH has less impact on RV function in comparison to PH-HF. Considering both entities are in the category of RV pressure overload, we conclude that the etiology of pulmonary hypertension also plays an important role in RV function in addition to pressure overload.
The Aesthetics of Decay: An Homage to the Beauty of Transience
Authors: Kernbauer Fanny
Published: March 2020

A student essay for the Special Student Issue of the Journal of Extreme Anthropology accompanying the art exhibition 'Artist's Waste, Wasted Artists', which opened in Vienna on the 19th of September 2017 and was curated by the students of social anthropology at the University of Vienna. This essay contemplates the nature of art utilizing an interesting case of an artwork without an artist, an amateur film from the 1960s found at the Film Archive in Vienna, which has decayed, the signs of demage turning it into an artwork in its own right, touching and beautiful to watch.
When the Forgotten and Discarded Becomes Art: Maren Jeleff’s Photography
Authors: Wöllauer Benedicta
Published: March 2020

A student essay for the Special Student Issue of the Journal of Extreme Anthropology accompanying the art exhibition 'Artist's Waste, Wasted Artists', which opened in Vienna on the 19th of September 2017 and was curated by the students of social anthropology at the University of Vienna. This essay presents the artwork of the Austrian anthropologist Maren Jeleff, and image which has become a work of art by being forgotten and discarded in the first place, only to be redefined as valuable within the institutional context of the exhibition.
On Pricing in the Art Market and the Hierarchy of Materials
Authors: Kusché Anna
Published: March 2020

A student essay for the Special Student Issue of the Journal of Extreme Anthropology accompanying the art exhibition 'Artist's Waste, Wasted Artists', which opened in Vienna on the 19th of September 2017 and was curated by the students of social anthropology at the University of Vienna. This essay discusses the multiple influences on the formation of price in the art market, while focusing in particular on the role of material used in the artwork when determing its price. This essay is inspired by discussions with the Viennese artist Anna Stangl.
On the Art World, Museum ‘Prisons’ and Artistic Freedom
Authors: Pérez Lidia Martínez
Published: March 2020

A student essay for the Special Student Issue of the Journal of Extreme Anthropology accompanying the art exhibition 'Artist's Waste, Wasted Artists', which opened in Vienna on the 19th of September 2017 and was curated by the students of social anthropology at the University of Vienna. This essay investigates the structure of the art world, as well as the role of museums, likening them to prisons of taste, thus pointing to structural limitations imposed upon the artist, while also showing, using the case of the Viennese photographer Sabine Hauswirth, that even within such system, artistic freedom, or at least its semblance, are possible.
Between Abjection and the Abject
Authors: Virgílio Jefferson
Published: March 2020

Abjection and Representation: An Exploration of Abjection in the Visual Arts, Film and Literature by Rina Arya, Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. 2014.
Editorial
Authors: Kuldova Tereza , Chepstow-Lusty Lill-Ann
Published: March 2020

Special issue Theses on Faeces: Encounters with the Abject, edited by Tereza Kuldova and Lill-Ann Chepstow-Lusty.
A Miséria da teoria em Geografia
Authors: Lima Elias Lopes de
Published: March 2020

O presente artigo objetiva explicitar alguns obstáculos pelos quais passa a produção teórica na ciência geográfica na atualidade. Presume-se que a geografia sofre de um relativo esvaziamento teórico-conceitual no decurso hodierno da sua produção científica. Tal esvaziamento, contudo, não deve ser levado ao pé da letra. Não se sugere, exatamente, que aportes teórico-conceituais não estejam sendo empreendidos na contemporaneidade, mas sim que os mesmos se apresentam de maneira frágil e superficial. Para alcançar o aludido objetivo e sustentar tal assertiva, partiremos de três premissas, quais sejam: 1. as implicações do positivismo na produção teórica da geografia, no tocante às tentativas de especialização da teoria geográfica; 2. os impactos do caráter efêmero e não raro infundado de visões e discursos pós-modernos e culturalistas na produção do conhecimento; 3. as implicações do modelo de produção científica orientado pelas políticas de fomento à pesquisa para a reflexão e a formulação teórica.
Levantamento da cobertura de Floresta Atlântica no Paraná por imagens Landsat: um exemplo aplicado ao município de Matinhos entre 2015 e 2017
Authors: Mestre Luiz Augusto Macedo , Elste Gustavo A. S. , Serbena Antonio L. Serbena L. , Rechetelo Juliana Rechetelo , Torres Rodrigo F.
Published: March 2020

Neste artigo descrevemos o método e comparamos a cobertura de floresta nativa no município de Matinhos (PR) entre 2015 e 2017. Geramos arquivos vetoriais com base na metodologia utilizada pelo Projeto de Monitoramento do Desmatamento na Amazônia Legal por Satélite (PRODES) e corrigimos o mapeamento por meio de edição matricial e comparação com imagens com melhor resolução espectral e diferentes escalas. Foram utilizadas imagens do satélite Landsat 8 de junho de 2015 e fevereiro de 2017 para classificação e quantificação das áreas, comparadas entre si em porcentagem e visualmente com imagens publicadas de diferentes resoluções (CBERS 4, Google Maps e MapBiomas). Calculamos uma perda de 61,7 hectares de vegetação nativa no município. As áreas mais afetadas estão localizadas em áreas próximas as estradas ou borda da ocupação urbana, geralmente isoladas e pouco visíveis. Considera-se o método aplicado como uma importante alternativa para o monitoramento de áreas da Floresta Atlântica.
Compartimentação do relevo baseada em parâmetros morfométricos: uma análise da região do extremo oeste da Bahia
Authors: Ferreira André Barbosa Ribeiro , Magalhães Fonseca Bráulio , Pereira Gabriel
Published: March 2020

O sensoriamento remoto e as técnicas de geoprocessamento se tornaram tecnologias otimizadoras dos estudos ambientais e de diversos outros ramos da ciência. O estudo aqui apresentado possui o objetivo de identificar as áreas com maior susceptibilidade à dissecação e a partir disso possibilitar maiores análises, sobretudo no que se refere ao planejamento ambiental. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa utilizou-se o Índice Global de Dissecação do Relevo, proposta a partir da utilização e sobreposição de três parâmetros geomorfométricos. Os resultados obtidos apontaram que as áreas mais susceptíveis a dissecação encontram-se na faixa transicional entre o planalto da Serra Geral e a Depressão São Franciscana, principalmente onde ocorrem maiores concentrações de rugosidade.
Implantação de consórcios públicos intermunicipais de resíduos sólidos urbanos: Monte do Carmo e Silvanópolis, Tocantins
Authors: Alves Jacqueline Pereira Cursino , Ribeiro Ana Paula Lustosa
Published: March 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a viabilidade técnica para implantação de um consórcio intermunicipal de resíduos sólidos entre Monte do Carmo/TO e Silvanópolis/TO visando a destinação final e adequada dos resíduos tendo como embasamento a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos instituído pela Lei nº 12.305/2010. Para tal, foi realizado visita aos municípios com aplicação de questionário aos responsáveis pela Secretaria de Meio Ambiente a fim de obter conhecimento sobre a situação atual dos mesmos acerca da coleta e destinação dos resíduos. Também foi realizado análise de dados georreferenciados gerados através do programa ArchGis para determinação de áreas ótimas para a instalação de um aterro sanitário, baseados em critérios estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA 404/2008: declividade, recursos hídricos, solos, distância de rodovias, do perímetro urbano e de Áreas de Preservação Permanente. Concluiu-se que ambos municípios se encontram em desconformidade com a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, uma vez que ainda descartam seus resíduos em lixões à céu aberto sem qualquer tipo de controle ambiental, embora em Silvanópolis já esteja sendo desenvolvido programas de reciclagem de alguns materiais. Em análise de dados georreferenciados é possível garantir a viabilidade técnica para construção de tal aterro consorciado em região próxima à rodovia que liga os dois municípios.
Análise das manifestações patológicas da ponte sobre o Rio Taquari em Araguatins/TO
Authors: Sousa Franclin Lima de , Silva Junior Flavio Vieira da
Published: March 2020

As pontes são obras de arte que visam ultrapassar obstáculos e estabelecer a continuidade de uma via de qualquer natureza. Podem ser classificadas quanto sua finalidade (como rodoviárias, ferroviárias, passarelas), quanto seu material (concreto, madeira, metal e pedras) e quanto tipo estrutural (laje, viga, caixão, treliça, pórtico arco ou suspensa). Quando necessária em um sistema viário se tornam indispensáveis. A manutenção de estruturas consiste em um aglomerado de atividades, cujo objetivo é garantir o desempenho que na qual a estrutura foi projetada, de modo a preservar a sua vida útil. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e abordar as manifestações patológicas sobre os elementos estruturais e acessórios de segurança da ponte sobre o Rio Taquari, situada no povoado Santa Tereza no município de Araguatins/To. Foi feito uma averiguação do sistema construtivo, aferição das medidas e o detalhamento dos elementos da ponte. Posteriormente, foram feitas verificações visuais in loco onde classificou-se os componentes estruturais da ponte, com o intuito de identificar e abordar as respectivas patologias presentes e associadas aos mesmos. Este trabalho reforça a necessidade de intervenção de ações preventivas, por meio de inspeções rotineiras, uma vez que, a falta destas ações reduz a vida útil da estrutura.
Izbruh gripe v Splošni bolnišnici Jesenice v letu 2017 pri bolnikih in zdravstvenih delavcih
Authors: Košnik Irena Grmek , Eberl Gregorič Edita , Ribič Helena , Ribnikar Monika , Orožen Kristina , Lavtižar Jana , Dolenc Matej , Poklukar Janez , Sočan Maja
Published: March 2020

Izhodišče: Gripa je sezonska virusna bolezen dihal, ki se pojavlja v zimskih mesecih. Povzročajo jo virusi influence tipa A in B. Izbruhi gripe v bolnišnicah so posebno neugodni, saj zboli ranljiva populacija. Pojavijo se številni zapleti, podaljša se bolnišnično zdravljenje, poveča se umrljivost. Hkrati lahko zbolijo tudi zdravstveni delavci (ZD). Zaradi njihovega absentizma se pojavijo težave pri organizaciji dela.Metode: Izvedli smo retrospektivno kohortno preiskavo izbruha gripe v Splošni bolnišnici Jesenice (SBJ), ki smo ga zaznali v januarju 2017. Kot primer izbruha je bil opredeljen vsak bolnik ali zaposleni (ZD) v SBJ, ki je od 01. 01. 2017 do 16. 02. 2017 imel simptome gripi podobne bolezni (temperaturo nad 37,7 °C s kašljanjem ali bolečinami v žrelu), v brisu nosno-žrelnega prostora potrjen virus influence A ali B ali epidemiološko povezavo s potrjenimi primeri (hospitalizacija v isti sobi) ter odsotnosti ostalih vzrokov za okužbo. Primer smo opredelili kot bolnišničen pri osebah, ki so bile v bolnišnico sprejete zaradi drugih vzrokov in pri katerih so se simptomi in znaki v dihalih razvili kasneje kot 72 ur po sprejemu. Obolele zdravstvene delavce smo spraševali o demografskih podatkih, predhodnem cepljenju proti gripi in o subjektivni oceni poteka bolezni.Rezultati: Med 250 izpostavljenimi je zbolelo 117 oseb (46,8 %). Primeri obolelih so se najprej začeli kopičiti na internem oddelku, sledil je kirurški in negovalni oddelek SBJ. Največ zbolelih je bilo starejših od 65 let. Pri 74 zbolelih bolnikih in zaposlenih, ki so ustrezali definiciji primera v izbruhu, smo odvzeli brise nosno-žrelnega prostora. V 68 (87 %) vzorcih smo dokazali influenco A (87 %) ali B (13 %). Ostalih 49 zbolelih, ki niso bili laboratorijsko potrjeni, so zadostili merilu epidemiološke povezanosti. Ob pregledu dokumentacije 13 umrlih bolnikov smo ugotovili, da je bila pri vseh ena od diagnoz gripa, pri 4 od njih tudi navedena kot neposredni vzrok smrti. 6 umrlih bolnikov je prebolevalo pljučnico, ki je sledila gripi. 45 zbolelih je prejelo oseltamivir, 61 hospitaliziranih oseb in ZD pa je jemalo oseltamivir kot kemoprofilakso. Izbruh gripe je neugodno vplival na načrtovano delo kirurškega oddelka – zaradi izbruha so v bolnišnici zmanjšali število elektivnih operacij, del kirurških postelj pa so namenili preobremenjenemu internističnemu oddelku.Zaključek: V zgodnji fazi izbruha gripe v bolnišnici je potrebna visoka stopnja upoštevanja preventivnih ukrepov. K zbolevanju bolnikov namreč prispevajo predhodne bolezni in slabo zdravstveno stanje, težave pri zagotavljanju izolacije, neupoštevanje priporočil za osebno higieno, necepljenost proti gripi in slaba odzivnost imunskega sistema starejših bolnikov na cepljenje.
Klinični pomen elektroforeze serumskih beljakovin
Authors: Glaser Kraševac Marjana , Tašner Tanja
Published: March 2020

Elektroforeza serumskih beljakovin je metoda ločevanja beljakovin na podlagi njihovih lastnosti. Pod vplivom električne napetosti se serumske beljakovine razvrstijo v šest frakcij, med katerimi predstavljajo albumini največjo frakcijo, ostale frakcije pa pet vrst globulinov. Elektroforeza serumskih beljakovin ima v prvi vrsti klinični pomen pri ugotavljanju diseminiranega plazmocitoma in drugih bolezni serumskih beljakovin, sicer pa lahko z elektroforezo prepoznamo morfološke vzorce glede na akutno ali kronično vnetje, različne malignome, bolezni jeter in ledvic.
Učinkovitost medskalenske blokade brahialnega pleteža pri lajšanju pooperativne bolečine po artroskopski rekonstrukciji rotatorne manšete
Authors: Kisovar Ana , Senekovič Vladimir , Danojević Nenad , Šoštarič Maja
Published: March 2020

Izhodišče: Raztrganje rotacijske manšete (RM) je med najpogostejšimi vzroki za artroskopsko operacijo rame (AOR). Bistveno za uspešno okrevanje je gibanje uda, ki je odvisno od dobro nadzorovane pooperacijske bolečine (PB). Preverjali smo učinkovitost medskalenske blokade brahialnega pleteža (angl. Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block, ISB) pri lajšanju PB v domačem okolju predvsem med gibanjem. Raziskava nas bo opozorila na pomanjkljivosti metode ter morebitno potrebo po prilagoditvi zdravljenja bolečine po operaciji. Metode: Retrospektivno smo analizirali dokumentacijo 150 bolnikov po artroskopski rekonstrukciji RM. Z ultrazvočno vodeno ISB so prejeli 12–30 mL levobupivakaina z deksametazonom. Stopnjo PB so ocenjevali z vizualno analogno lestvico (VAS). Preučili smo demografske in klinične značilnosti bolnikov, trajanje ISB ter porabo protibolečinskih zdravil. Primerjali smo vrednosti VAS v mirovanju in med gibanjem do 90 ur po operaciji ter s tem ocenili vpliv gibanja na stopnjo PB. Zanimalo nas je tudi zadovoljstvo bolnikov s posegom. Pri primerjavi vrednosti VAS med opisnimi spremenljivkami smo uporabili Wilcoxonov test vsote rangov. Pri analizi meritev pri istem bolniku smo uporabili dvosmerno analizo varianc (ANOVA) za ponovljene meritve. Za mejo statistične značilnosti smo upoštevali p < 0,05.Rezultati: ISB je v povprečju trajala 24–36 ur. Skupno so bolniki v prvih treh dneh po operaciji, tj. pooperacijskih dneh (POD), potrebovali 77 dodatnih odmerkov opioidnih in 104 dodatnih odmerkov neopioidnih analgetikov. Mediana vrednost VAS zgodnje PB je bila tako v mirovanju kot med gibanjem 0. PB je bila na prvi POD med gibanjem 0,5 in v mirovanju 1, na drugi POD 2 in 3, na tretji POD 2 in 2. Med PB v mirovanju in med gibanjem nismo ugotovili značilnih razlik (p > 0,05; ANOVA za ponovljene meritve). Bolniki so počutje med operacijo, na oddelku in doma največkrat označili kot sproščeno.Zaključek: ISB je učinkovita pri lajšanju PB po artroskopski rekonstrukciji RM zunaj bolnišnice in zagotavlja več kot 24-urno analgezijo. Predpisano protibolečinsko zdravljenje zadostuje pri nadzoru PB. Vrednosti VAS so zadovoljive in med gibanjem primerljive z ocenami v mirovanju. ISB je zanesljiva in učinkovita, bolniki so zadovoljni, zato ocenjujemo, da je najprimernejša metoda pri artroskopski operaciji rame (AOR) in po njej.
Dihalni premori zaradi nedonošenosti: vzroki, zdravljenje in preprečevanje, posledice ter genetska osnova
Authors: Bobik Barbara , Grosek Štefan , Kornhauser Cerar Lilijana
Published: March 2020

Dihalni premori (ali apnoične atake, pavze, apneje) zaradi nedonošenosti so ena najpogosteje postavljenih diagnoz v neonatalnih intenzivnih enotah. Dihalni premori so prehodne narave in nastanejo zaradi motnje v prilagoditvi dihalnega centra in dihal na zunajmaternično življenje ter nezrelosti receptorjev, ki zaznavajo delne tlake kisika in ogljikovega dioksida. Pomembno podaljšujejo trajanje hospitalizacije ter imajo lahko škodljive dolgoročne posledice.V preglednem prispevku opredeljujemo dihalne premore zaradi nedonošenosti. Predstavljamo klasifikacijo, epidemiologijo, patofiziološko ozadje in nadzorovanje srčno-dihalnih funkcij nedonošenčkov. Opisujemo, kako postaviti diagnozo dihalnih premorov zaradi nedonošenosti, sekundarne vzroke apneje in diferencialnodiagnostične možnosti ter nekatera stanja, ki so povezana z dihalnimi premori zaradi nedonošenosti. Velik del prispevka je namenjen predstavitvi možnih terapevtskih ukrepov, med njimi tudi takih, ki še niso prodrli v splošno klinično prakso, saj so za potrditev njihove učinkovitosti potrebne nadaljnje raziskave. Sklepni del članka ponuja pregled raziskav, v katerih so proučevali genetsko podlago dihalnih premorov zaradi nedonošenosti in predstavitev njihovih rezultatov.
Forord NTfK 100 år
Authors: Elholm Thomas
Published: March 2020

Forord fra hovedredaktøren i anledning af NTfK's 100 års jubilæum.
Fra Wamberg til PET-tilsyn – en analyse af den nye danske kontrol med efterretningstjenesterne
Authors: Koch Pernille Boye
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Anmeldelse af Vagn Greve & Karin Cornils: Studien zum dänischen Strafrecht – Studies in Danish Criminal Law
Authors: Matikkala Jussi
Published: March 2020

Review of Vagn Greve & Karin Cornils: Studien zum dänischen Strafrecht – Studies in Danish Criminal Law
Strafudmåling i miljøstraffesager i Danmark
Authors: Nielsen Gorm Toftegaard
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
»The Golden Age of Nordic Cooperation« Har de nordiska kronjuvelerna kommit på museum? – Den nordiska brottskontrollen: nutid, dåtid och framtid
Authors: Träskman Per Ole
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Omskærelse, forbrydelse eller gudsdyrkelse. Foredrag i Rødovre Præstekonvent.
Authors: Garde Peter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Kriminalitetens eksistens – kategorisk form og stoff
Authors: Johansen Nicolay B.
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Indhold 2013
Authors: . NTfK
Published: March 2020

Content of 2013
Flera nyanser av blått. Kriminalvårdare på behandlingsavdelningar – deras beskrivningar av yrkesroller, drogbehandling och de intagna
Authors: Holm Claes , Lindberg Odd , Jukic Elma , Nylander Per-Åke
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Retlige, retssikkerhedsmæssige og resocialiserende omkostninger ved sagsomkostninger i straffesager
Authors: Olesen Annette
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Anmeldelse af Helmut Kury & Evelyn Shea: Punitivity: International Developments.
Authors: Gröning Linda
Published: March 2020

Review of Helmut Kury & Evelyn Shea: Punitivity: International Developments.
Anmeldelse af Vagn Greve: Træk af kolonistrafferetten i komparativ belysning
Authors: Lernestedt Claes
Published: March 2020

Review of Vagn Greve: Træk af kolonistrafferetten i komparativ belysning
Nekrolog: Vagn Greve 1938-2014
Authors: Elholm Thomas , Träskman Per Ole
Published: March 2020

In memory of Vagn Greve (1938-2014)
Ryssland och Finlands kriminalpolitik
Authors: Laine Matti
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Straffrätten på 2020-talet - från Cesare Beccarias Om brott och straff (1764) till en allt mer internationell och europeisk straffrätt
Authors: Lahti Raimo
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Årsberetning
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: March 2020

De forskellige nordiske kriminalistforeningers årsberetninger anno 2015.
Hvorfor er Durkheim, Weber og Searle relevante? Et svar til Nicolay B. Johansen
Authors: Olaussen Leif Petter
Published: March 2020

N/A
Boganmeldelse: Dr Marieke Kluin Environmental Crime and its Victims – Perspectives within Green Criminology, Ashgate Publishing 2014
Authors: Knoop Vibe Thimgaard
Published: March 2020

Boganmeldelse skrevet af Vibe Thimgaard Knoop, som anmelder Dr. Marieke Kluins "Environmental Crime and its Victims  – Perspectives within Green Criminology", Ashgate Publishing 2014.
Politiets brug af peberspray
Authors: Garly Andersen & Vedel Kessing Diverse:
Published: March 2020

English title: Police use of pepper sprayThis article discusses the use of pepper spray by police since its introduction to Denmark in 2008. Pepper spray contains pepper extract and has been assessed as capable of causing serious health risks by the Danish Health Authority. International human rights bodies have also expressed concerns about the use of pepper spray. Despite this, no comprehensive study or evaluation of the use of pepper spray has ever been conducted in Denmark. The article uses qualitative interviews with police officers and people exposed to pepper spray, as well as a review of reports from police officers about their use of pepper spray, in an examination of whether Danish rules and practices fully comply with human rights requirements and recommendations. The situations in which pepper spray is typically used are described with a focus on where it is used and who it is used against. The authors express concern about the use of pepper spray in a number of situations and argue that its authorization should be more restrictive and precisely regulated. Finally, the article describes a dialogue with the Danish National Police and the pending police act regulating pepper spray.
Indførelsen af RNR-principperne i den danske kriminalforsorg
Authors: Clausen Susanne
Published: March 2020

This article discusses the implementation of the RNR principles in the Danish Prison and Probation Service. The Risk, Need, Responsibility principles were first introduced by James Bonta, a psychologist and researcher from Correctional Service Canada, at Nordisk Kriminalistmøde in Copenhagen 2010. Bonta’s research shows that using these principles in rehabilitation programs will lower the recidivism rate among offenders. With the multi-year financial agreement for the Danish Prison and Probation Service for 2013-2016, a nationwide project introducing the RNR principles was financed. The RNR project comprises two large projects in the Probation Service and in the Prisons respectively. In the RNR project in the Probation Service, 300 probation officers were trained in using the risk-and-need assessment instrument LS/RNR, and in using a newly developed model for supervision named MOSAIK. The implementation of the RNR principles in the prisons is part of a larger project improving the Intake Assessment Process in the prisons. As part of this project the prisons have established separate Intake Units, employed case managers to perform the risk-and-need assessment with new inmates (using the instrument LS/RNR), and introduced a new type of Sentence Plan. Also as part of the RNR project in the prisons a pilot on a new intervention program named MOVE is being tested in one open prison. This article mostly focuses on the project RNR in the Probation Service. It presents the evaluation design of the project as well as some of the results from the first study of the project. The study showed that even though the probation officers have been trained in using the risk-and-need assessment instrument LS/RNR not, all probation officers actually use the instrument when they supervise offenders. The article discusses some of the explanations for this.
Den gode fiende, eller den gode pasient?
Authors: Hauge Thomas
Published: March 2020

This article is inspired by my master thesis in criminology. My thesis examined the war on drugs, its influence on the role of the police, and the way in which the police themselves interpret the war on drugs. My master thesis also explored thequestion of consistency between the war on drugs and the government’s quest for knowledge-based policing. The article draws on data collected in my master thesis and examines them in light of Nils Christie and Kettil Bruun’s book, Den gode fiende (Suitable Enemies) which focuses on role of the police in the war on drugs. A comparison of these works raises a key question: Are illicit drugs still a suitable enemy in the eyes of the government and police officers? I conclude that the users of illicit drugs have come to be considered both suitable enemies and suitable patients. The government and the police have taken on dual roles as crime fighters fighting the war on drugs and caregivers who view illicit drug use as a disease.
God vilja räckte inte - ett personligt perspektiv på svensk rättpsykiatri
Authors: Levander Sten
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Denationaliserad straffrätt - vilka utmaningar står för dörren?
Authors: Asp Petter
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Drosjenæring under lupen: kontrollpluralisme i praksis?
Authors: Larsson Paul , Sørli Vamja Lundgren
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
From cherry-picking to control: migrant labour and its exploitation in finnish governmental policies
Authors: Ollus Natalia , Alvesalo-Kuusi Anne
Published: March 2020

See abstract in article.
Metabolic and non-metabolic liver zonation is established non-synchronously and requires sinusoidal Wnts
Authors: Ma Ruihua , Martínez-Ramírez Angelica S , Borders Thomas L , Gao Fanding , Sosa-Pineda Beatriz
Published: March 2020

The distribution of complementary metabolic functions in hepatocytes along a portocentral axis is called liver zonation. Endothelial secreted Wnt ligands maintain metabolic zonation in the adult murine liver but whether those ligands are necessary to initiate zonation in the immature liver has been only partially explored. Also, numerous non-metabolic proteins display zonated expression in the adult liver but it is not entirely clear if their localization requires endothelial Wnts. Here we used a novel transgenic mouse model to compare the spatial distribution of zonated non-metabolic proteins with that of typical zonated metabolic enzymes during liver maturation and after acute injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). We also investigated how preventing Wnt ligand secretion from endothelial cells affects zonation patterns under homeostasis and after acute injury. Our study demonstrates that metabolic and non-metabolic zonation are established non-synchronously during maturation and regeneration and require multiple endothelial Wnt sources.
Social Closure and Veterinary Professionalization in Britain: A Self-Interested or Public Interested Endeavour?
Authors: Whiting Martin , May Stephen A , Saks Mike
Published: March 2020

The professionalization of veterinary medicine in Britain has been little studied by social scientists, although as a classic instance of an occupation that has achieved exclusionary social closure it merits examination from a neo-Weberian perspective. Therefore, this paper explores how it has attained this position through state action in an historical and contemporary context using neo-Weberianism as a theoretical lens. In charting the different stages and forms of professional regulation in veterinary medicine, group self-interest is identified as a central driver, following the neo-Weberian idiom. However, contrary to the position adopted by some neo-Weberians, the professionalization process is seen as being more complex than simply being interest-based, with the public interest being upheld. As such, through the case of veterinary medicine, it is claimed professional self-interests and the public interest can be co-terminous and mutually achieve a dynamic equilibrium.  They do not have to form part of a zero-sum game.
Determination of PRSV Tolerant Papaya Plants from SBF6 Generation of Intergeneric Population Using Ranking Model System
Authors: Aseef R. Mohammed , Soorianathasundaram K. , Paramaguru P. , Muthulakshmi P. , Joel A. John , Chandrasekhar C. N.
Published: March 2020

The Full-sib mated sixth (SBF6) generation of intergeneric population of papaya from the cross CP 50 x Vasconcellea cauliflora was evaluated to select the progenies with PRSV tolerance coupled with better yield. In order to identify the well performing progenies, the mean performance and genetic parameters were estimated. Interestingly, the results of the variability study revealed that the genotypic coefficient of variation on number of fruits, leaf area and number of leaves were higher and making it as the selectable traits. The correlation analysis was made to understand the degree of relationship between the PRSV tolerance and various morphological traits. The result showed that plant height and number of fruits were significantly and negatively correlated with per cent disease index (PDI) with the r value of -0.273 and -0.261 respectively. By considering the number of fruits as the selectable trait, a ranking model system was developed and the results showed 5 ranks of 53 progenies. Among them, 13 well performing progenies from Rank IV and Rank V were selected for further evaluation. The ranking model system helps the researchers by making the selection process statistically much easier and efficient.
Physicochemical Attributes in Mango Fruit (Mangifera indica) as Influenced by Storage Temperature and Hot Water Treatment
Authors: Pholoma Senewa Bobby , Emongor Vallentino , Tshwenyane Seoleseng
Published: March 2020

Background: The temperature being the most important environmental factor that influences the deterioration of perishable commodities. It is often critical that fresh produce rapidly reach the optimal pulp temperature for short term storage if it is to maintain its highest visual quality, flavour, texture and nutritional content (Kader, 2013).

Aims: The effects of storage temperature and hot water at various temperature and duration on chemical and textural characteristics of the Keitt mango fruit were evaluated for the 2015/16 growing season in Botswana.

Materials and Methods: The treatments were fruits dipped in distilled water at room temperature (25±2ºC- control), fruits dipped in hot water at 50 and 55ºC for a duration of 3, 5 and 10 minutes, and storage temperatures at 4, 7, 10, 13, or 25±2ºC, plus 95% RH.

Results: The results showed that as the storage temperature and water temperature decreased, the proline content and electrolyte leakage increased significantly (P ≤ 0.0001). The interactions of storage temperature and hot water temperature, and duration in which mango fruit was treated with hot water, significantly (P ≤ 0.01) maintained vitamin C content, firmness and reduced fruit weight loss during storage and seven days after storage when the fruit was kept at room temperature.

Conclusion: Chemical and physical attributes of Keitt mango fruits were significantly improved by the interactions between storage temperature, hot water temperature and duration.