bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Array modified PdAg/Al2O3 catalyst for selective acetylene hydrogenation: Kinetics and thermal effect optimization
Authors: Miao Chenglin , Cai Luoyu , Wang Yanfei , Xu Xingjun , Yang Jiarui , He Yufei , Li Dianqing , Feng Junting
Published: January 2021

Aiming at the low surface area of high-temperature-calculated alumina
limits the dispersion of active metals, an in-situ growth method is
applied to fabricate the alumina array modified spherical alumina.
Taking the modified alumina as support, the highly dispersed PdAg
catalyst for selective acetylene hydrogenation is synthesized, which
exhibits a remarkable enhanced intrinsic activity. Moreover, when the
acetylene conversion reached 90%, the ethylene selectivity remains
89%. Preferred selectivity is assigned to more isolated Pd sites and
high electronic density, which facilitates the desorption of the
resulting ethylene. More importantly, the modified catalyst exhibits
good structural stability and resistance to carbon deposition. From one
aspect, the decrease of heat production rate over active site is
conducive to reduce the reaction heat accumulation, thereby avoiding the
formation of hot-spots over the catalyst. From another point of view,
the outer opening pore structure of the modified alumina are benefit for
the heat transfer.
The blood sucking on human by Placobdella costata (O. F. Müller, 1846) (Hirudinida: Glossiphoniidae) - case study with notes on body form
Authors: Cichocka Joanna , Bielecki Aleksander , Jablonska-Barna Izabela , Krajewski Łukasz , Topolska Katarzyna , Hildebrand Joanna , Dmitryjuk Małgorzata , Biedunkiewicz Anna , Abramchuk Andrei
Published: January 2021

Abstract: 1. In our paper four events of blood sucking on human by
Placobdella costata were described. 2. Human blood was sucked by both
adults and juvenile specimens of P. costata. 3. The feeding strategies
of juveniles under parental care are presented. 4. New data of juvenile
specimens body form are presented. 5. Information on the potential role
of mammals in species dispersion and habitat preferences of leeches are
under consideration.
Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia/Continuous Epidural Catheters
Authors: Peck Devin
Published: January 2021

Although useful for management of many types of pain, the most common indication for epidural catheter placement is for management of labor pain. High lumbar and thoracic epidural catheter placement has gained increasing popularity in recent years for the management of postoperative pain. The technique is most commonly employed for procedures in which a thoracic or an extensive abdominal incision is anticipated. Absolute contraindications for epidural catheter placement include patient refusal, uncorrected hypovolemia, increased intracranial pressure, local infection at the planned site of insertion, and patient allergy to amide/ester local anesthetics. Relative contraindications include coagulopathy, an uncooperative patient, severe anatomic abnormalities of the spine, sepsis, and hypertension. The advantages include attenuation of the sympathetic response to surgical stimulation and pain; effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory, and gastrointestinal systems; thromboprotective effects; and possibly limitation of tumor spread. The risks of epidural catheter placement include epidural hematoma, infection, nerve or spinal cord injury, dural puncture, or respiratory or cardiovascular depression from a high block. Epidural opioids provide analgesia without causing motor or sympathetic blockade. Epidurally administered local anesthetics may result in decreased postoperative ileus, nausea, vomiting, and sedation, which can be associated with opioids. Local anesthetics and opioids act additively or synergistically and, when used together, can lead to a reduction in the dose of each drug. 
This review contains 2 figures, 4 tables and 30 references.
Anesthesia for Common Cardiac Lesions
Authors: Atkinson Douglas , Nasr Viviane G
Published: January 2021

Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital malformation with an incidence of 4 to 10 per 1,000 live births. Anesthesiologists are required to manage these patients when they present for surgical or percutaneous interventions, including definitive and/or palliative procedures. The preoperative evaluation of the cardiac patient includes a thorough physical examination, laboratory testing, and diagnostic imaging such as echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging. The perioperative management of children with cardiac disease requires a thorough understanding of the underlying pathophysiology, invasive monitoring such as arterial pressure and central venous pressure, and different surgical procedures and interventions in the catheterization laboratory. In addition, understanding cardiopulmonary bypass including perfusion, temperature, and acid-base is a must. This chapter presents a systematic approach for the preoperative assessment of children with cardiac disease and management on cardiopulmonary bypass and discusses the different surgical procedures and catheterization laboratory interventions, indications, and potential complications.

This review contains 1 figure, 9 tables, and 23 references.
Key Words: associated anomalies, cardiac surgical procedures, cardiopulmonary bypass, congenital heart disease, intraoperative monitoring, inotropes, interventional catheterization, preoperative evaluation, vasodilators
Neuromuscular Blockers and Reversal Agents
Authors: Flight Kristen , Yang Jennifer J , Urben Lindsay M , Schontz Michael J
Published: January 2021

Neuromuscular blocking drugs, which include depolarizing and nondepolarizing drugs, are used to facilitate intubation and provide skeletal muscle relaxation during surgery and in the intensive care unit. The agents differ in their mechanism, duration of action, side-effect profile, and metabolism. Succinylcholine is the only depolarizing agent in clinic use and is typically used for emergent control of the airway, rapid sequence intubations, and short surgical procedures. The risk of hyperkalemia in certain clinical conditions and risk of malignant hyperthermia in susceptible individuals limit the use of succinylcholine in specific patient populations. Nondepolarizing agents vary in their duration of action, but all provide muscle relaxation for a longer duration than succinylcholine. Clinical effects of neuromuscular blocking drugs can be assessed with neuromuscular monitoring, although there is significant variability among providers in the regular use of neuromuscular monitoring. Reversal agents are used to restore neuromuscular transmission, as residual neuromuscular blockade after extubation has been associated with multiple adverse events, including hypoxemia, atelectasis, and aspiration. Sugammadex is an encapsulating agent capable of immediately reversing the effects of rocuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade that will likely impact the way many providers administer rocuronium and may decrease the future use of succinylcholine.

This review contains 4 figures, 6 tables, and 41 references.
Keywords: hyperkalemia, neuromuscular monitoring, neuromuscular transmission, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents, residual neuromuscular blockade, reversal agents, succinylcholine sugammadex, sugammadex
Cardiovascular Drugs
Authors: Dalton Allison
Published: January 2021

Given the dynamic nature of the operating room environment, anesthesiologists must be prepared to handle cardiovascular comorbidities and complications.  From perioperative hypertension to cardiovascular shock to cardiac arrhythmias, one must be able to diagnose and treat a wide range of cardiovascular conditions.  We will evaluate recent literature to determine the best treatment modalities for the treatment of acute heart failure, cardiogenic shock, vasoplegia after cardiopulmonary bypass, pulmonary hypertension, septic shock, perioperative hypertension, and cardiac arrhythmias.  Selection of appropriate inotropic medications and vasopressors may improve mortality in shock.  Treatment of pulmonary hypertension, perioperative hypertension, and arrhythmias requires knowledge of a variety of classes of medications with specific applications and adverse effects. 

This review contains 3 figures, 9 tables and 54 references
Keywords: amiodarone, antiarrhythmic, beta blocker, calcium channel blocker, catecholamine, inotrope, nitrate, vasoconstrictor, vasodilator
Temperature Measurement and Thermal Management
Authors: Bryan Yvon F , Johnson Kathleen N.
Published: January 2021

Temperature measurement and thermal management in surgical patients are both challenging issues that depend on regulating the patient’s immediate thermal environment in the face of the nonphysiologic perturbations that routinely occur in the operation room. Recognizing the different mechanisms involved in the physics of heat transfer, such as radiation, convection, conduction, and evaporation is paramount. In addition, the patient’s comorbidities and prescribed medications combine with the agents used during general anesthesia to further alter thermoregulation. Correctly measuring and monitoring temperature is critical and is an expected part of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) basic standards for monitoring for all but the shortest or lightest anesthetics. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of the different anatomic sites available to measure temperature is imperative to prevent erroneous temperature recordings. Correctly preventing inadvertent hypothermia and iatrogenic hyperthermia are critical prior to deciding to institute thermal management. Different mechanisms exist to treat heat loss, using both passive and active warming. Other unique environments within the hospital impose stress on thermoregulation systems such as cardiopulmonary bypass and MRI. This review is a summary of the scientific and medical literature necessary to understand the fundamentals of temperature measurement and thermal management.

This review contains 3 figures, 3 tables, and 43 references.
Key Words: forced air convection, general anesthetics, hyperthermia, temperature measurement, thermal management, thermoregulation, threshold
Robotic Surgery
Authors: Carbonell Alfredo M. , Warren Jeremy A
Published: January 2021

Robots have revolutionized industrial production, from automobiles to pharmaceutical manufacturing, and offer an exciting, novel approach to surgical diseases. Robots employed in surgical use initially raised some concern related to malfunction and independent action. However, the surgeon’s decision-making capability is still crucial for each surgical procedure because of the anatomic or physiologic variables of each clinical situation. Currently, surgical robots consist of instruments that are remotely manipulated by a surgeon using an electromechanical interface and represent extensions of the surgeon’s mind and hands. This review provides an overview of robotic surgery, and covers the application of robotic surgery in general surgery. Figures show the AESOP 3000 robotic arm, the da Vinci robotic surgical system, the ZEUS Surgical System, the ZEUS robotic arms,  the da Vinci Si, the da Vinci wristed endoscopic stapler, the da Vinci Xi patient side cart and robotic arms, the da Vinci Single-Site robotic instruments, and the da Vinci Single-Site port with instruments positioned and robotic arms docked. The video shows a robotic Rives-Stoppa retromuscular incisional hernia repair with bilateral transversus abdominis release.
 
This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 1 video, and 85 references
Key words: Robotic, surgery, hernia, inguinal, ventral, incisional, fundoplication, paraesophageal hernia, myotomy, gastrectomy, cholecystectomy, pancreatectomy, splenectomy, bariatric, adrenalectomy, colon, colectomy, colorectal
Clinical Pharmacology
Authors: Droege Molly , Mueller Eric W.
Published: January 2021

Critically ill patients often require surgical procedures and therapeutic interventions that produce significant pathophysiologic changes. Drug pharmacology can be greatly altered in this population wherein comorbid diseases, varied organ function, and polypharmacy can produce adverse drug reactions (ADRs). This review aims to describe basic pharmacokinetic principles (absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination) and changes in these processes due to altered organ function in critically ill surgical patients. This knowledge is a key factor in reducing ADRs.
This review contains 10 figures, 2 tables, 101 references
Keywords: adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, obesity, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, plasma protein binding, therapeutic drug monitoring
Locoregional Therapy for the Primary Tumor in Stage IV Breast Cancer
Authors: Espino Sasa M , Kulkarni Swati
Published: January 2021

Locoregional therapy, comprising surgery and radiation, has traditionally been reserved for managing symptoms from the primary tumor in women with stage IV breast cancer. However, in recent years, there has been significant interest in expanding the indications of local therapy in women with metastatic breast cancer beyond palliation to prolonging survival. In this review, we first discuss biological hypotheses of breast cancer metastasis that support the use of locoregional therapy in stage IV breast cancer. Second, we summarize the data from the key retrospective studies of locoregional therapy in stage IV breast cancer. Although many of these studies demonstrated a survival advantage over women who received systemic therapy alone, a number of key questions remained unanswered, including the timing, extent, and type of locoregional therapy that would provide maximal benefit to patients with metastatic disease while preserving quality of life. Lastly, three recently completed prospective trials have reported inconsistent results, with two demonstrating no survival advantage over systemic therapy alone and the third showing an increased overall survival after longer follow-up. Three other prospective trials are ongoing and attempt to address the limitations of the retrospective review and determine which class of patients would benefit most from additional intervention.
This review contains 8 figures, 4 tables, and 44 references.
Key words: axillary surgery, biology of breast cancer metastasis, breast surgery, clinical trials, locoregional therapy, margin status, quality of life, radiation therapy, stage IV breast cancer
Gastrointestinal Tract Infections
Authors: Goldberg Marcia B , Paras Molly
Published: January 2021

Gastrointestinal infections, which present with acute diarrhea, sometimes accompanied by vomiting, are an extremely common medical complaint, with an annual incidence of 0.6 illnesses per person. Transmission can occur from animals to person, from person to person, or by the ingestion of contaminated foodstuffs. In the United States, more than 90% of cases are caused by viruses, with norovirus being by far the most common. Common among bacterial causes of acute gastrointestinal infection are Salmonella, Campylobacter, Shigella, Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Clostridium difficile. These infections are typically self-limited, but depending on the etiologic agent and characteristics of the host, antibiotic therapy may be indicated. Certain gastrointestinal infections are associated with significant complications, including reactive arthritis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or septicemia.
This review contains 4 figures, 7 tables, and 60 references.
Key words: Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Guillain-Barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, Shiga toxin, Shigella, Vibrio, Yersinia
Infections Due to Staphylococci
Authors: Stevens Dennis L. , Hobdey Sarah E
Published: January 2021

Staphylococci are nonsporulating, nonmotile, gram-positive cocci that have an average diameter of 1 µm. Microscopically, staphylococci tend to be larger and rounder than streptococci. Because cell division occurs on three planes, these organisms are typically found in grapelike clusters and tetrads, as well as in pairs and sometimes in short chains. Staphylococci are very hardy organisms and can withstand much more physical and chemical stress than pneumococci and streptococci. Because staphylococci are facultative anaerobes, they will grow in the presence or absence of oxygen. Staphylococci are catalase positive. Of the species of staphylococci, Staphylococcus aureus is by far the most important human pathogen. This review covers the epidemiology and pathogenesis of S. aureus, clinical infections associated with S. aureus, treatment of staphylococcal infections, and staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome. Clinically important coagulase-negative staphylococci such as S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus are also discussed. Tables list antibiotic treatment for staphylococcal infections, clinical manifestations of staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome, and antibiotic treatment for staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome.
This review contains 3 figures, 6 tables, and 54 references.
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcal infections; Coagulase-negative staphylococci; Skin and soft tissue infections; S. aureus bacteremia; MRSA; Methicillin-resistant S. aureus; Toxic shock syndrome
Physiology of the Arterial Wall
Authors: Liu Shirley , Dardik Alan
Published: January 2021

Arterial, venous, and lymphatic vessel walls are organized in three concentric layers that are composed of specialized cells and matrix components, allowing a vessel to function both as a conduit for fluid flow and regulate tone, control passage of cells and molecules to the interstitium and have the capacity to remodel after injury. The arrangement and proportions of these components vary depending on the location of a particular vessel within the circulation; variations allow specialization to accommodate pulsatile flow, regulate peripheral resistance, facilitate immune surveillance, or transport nutrients and metabolic waste. In addition to understanding the biology of the vessel wall and its role in pathology, a knowledge of the development of the vascular system and the various consequences of deviation from normal development will aid in identifying and treating a diverse range of vascular diseases.
This review contains 5 figures, 1 table, and 44 references.  
keywords: artery, adventitia, angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, arteriole, intima, media, physiology, vasculogenesis
Applying art therapy in improving resilience in child victims of domestic violence
Authors: Basyiroh Arifah Nur , Yuniarti Kwartarini Wahyu
Published: January 2021

Domestic violence experienced by children make them more prone to emotional, behavior, adaptation and mental health problems. Some researches show that children with high resiliency are able to develop a positive attitude, perspective and adaptability despite a history of violence. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of CBT Art Therapy intervention to increase the resiliency of children expose to domestic violence. The method used in this research is single case single-subject experiment ABA design. Resilience measurement instruments used in this research are Quotient Test (RQT) and resilience behavior observation sheet. Data were analyzed through visual analysis and descriptive data analysis. The results showed an increasing score in RQT (27 points) as well as the intensity of resilience behavior and positive changes in the use of color, quality and theme of the artwork. Keywords: art therapy, resilience, child victims of domestic violence, single case single-subject experiment
RESULTADOS DE ESTUDOS BRASILEIROS DE 1996-2016 SOBRE ATITUDES DE ESTUDANTES EM RELAÇÃO À MATEMÁTICA
Authors: Cristina Alves Matni Renata , Franco de Sá Pedro , Lourdes Silva Santos Maria de
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa que objetivou obter informações sobre as atitudes de estudantes em relação à Matemática a partir de estudos já realizados do período 1996-2016. As informações foram obtidas a partir da análise de trabalhos brasileiros sobre atitudes em relação à Matemática. Foram analisados trabalhos de Educação e Educação Matemática, em um total de 18 estudos. A análise dos trabalhos indicou que quando os estudantes compreendem o assunto, desenvolvem autoestima e tem um convívio saudável com o professor, a maior parte apresenta atitudes favoráveis em relação à disciplina. Concluiu-se que dos estudantes que participaram das pesquisas analisadas a maioria apresentou predominância de sentimento positivo em relação à Matemática, contrariando o senso comum sobre o tema, e que as atitudes negativas aumentam de frequência com o avanço da escolaridade e idade.
A EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NOS INSTITUTOS FEDERAIS: DIAGNÓSTICO ACERCA DOS REFERENCIAIS CURRICULARES, CONTEÚDOS E ABORDAGENS METODOLÓGICAS
Authors: Daniel Boscatto Juliano , Carlos Bagnara Ivan , Almeida Luciano de , Manoel Righi Lang Affonso , Döring Martins Fabrício
Published: January 2021

Este estudo tem o objetivo de compreender como acontece o desenvolvimento das ações didático-pedagógicas da Educação Física Escolar (EFE) no âmbito da Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT), a fim de identificar quais os conteúdos ensinados (práticas corporais) e quais os referenciais curriculares utilizados pelos professores como base para o desenvolvimento do processo educativo no Ensino Médio Integrado (EMI). Foi desenvolvida uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, na perspectiva descritiva de levantamento, da qual participaram cento e vinte docentes dos Institutos Federais (IFs) das cinco regiões do país. O desenvolvimento do estudo permitiu identificar e problematizar os referenciais curriculares/teóricos utilizados pelos docentes, os conteúdos ensinados e as abordagens metodológicas. Ao realizar uma espécie de triangulação entre as três perspectivas, percebe-se um alargamento do currículo da EFE nos IFs, indicando haver, nesse contexto, movimentos em prol do desenvolvimento da EF sob o prisma de um componente curricular, produzindo conhecimentos e saberes multidimensionais.
Strategi Kebijakan Menyongsong Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru dalam Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi
Authors: Nugroho Asianto , Hermawan Sapto
Published: January 2021

This article aims to examine the govermenent policies, including pandemi handling strategies as well as policies to revive national economic growth through a policy strategy that considers opportunities and threats aspects. This paper presents the result of legal researchusing secondary legal material. This article argues that the policy of restoring national economic growth caused by the COVID-19 pandemic can be pursued through several policies based on economic and legal perspective. Several strategies can be taken such as strengthening trade cooperation with the Chinese Government, generating tourism services, strengthening the rural economy, restructuring MSMEs with multiple layers of guarantees, optimizing the role of SOE responsibilities in national development, and strengthening the role of legal political in Indonesia.
Relasi Hukum Islam dan Adat dalam Tradisi Pamogih pada Perkawinan Masyarakat Muslim Bondowoso
Authors: Rabbani Lubis Ali Akhbar Abaib Mas , Suhri Muhammad Abdul Khaliq
Published: January 2021

This study aims to discusses pamogih tradition in Bondowoso Muslim community marriages. Pamogih tradition is basically similar to ben-giben, seserahan, pasrahan tukon, uang japuik, and others. In addition to the uniqueness of the term, this research also involves legal procession and consequences. This research uses qualitative methods and fieldwork clusters. The result shows that pamogih tradition is the bridegroom obligation to give handover as a form of tradition including necklaces, rings, clothes and other household furniture as agreed by both parties. The gift is considered to have a magical value for the people. Usually, this practice is carried out before and after the marriage covenant, generally the provision of goods is done after the marriage covenant. The pamogih tradition is carried out according to the rules of ponggebeh as an elder. The legal consequences  of this tradition is, if the bridegroom violates or does not carry out this tradition, it is believed that they might have bad luck experience and slander as well as exclusion from the community. The pamogih tradition is part of living law as a social phenomenon that makes this tradition as an adat law and its implementation is integrated with the practice of marriage in Islam.
La enseñanza de las actividades físicas de incertidumbre ambiental en Educación Física: en busca de una performance inteligente para los jugadores de la naturaleza
Authors: Sánchez Gómez Roberto
Published: January 2021

El modelo Teaching Games for Understanding (TGfU) se ha mostrado como un enfoque metodológico que permite pensar la enseñanza “más allá de los games”. Este artículo justifica y explora la adaptación de algunas herramientas conceptuales y prácticas del modelo TGfU en la iniciación a las Actividades Físicas de Incertidumbre Ambiental (AFIA) desde la perspectiva de una performance inteligente. El objetivo es sugerir una nueva forma de abordar la enseñanza de las AFIA en Educación Física que facilite su inclusión en un estilo de vida activo del alumnado gracias al impacto en la motivación, el conocimiento, la comprensión y la confianza en sus propias capacidades.
For the Fourier transform of the convolution in and D' and Z'
Authors: Rechkoski Vasko , Bedzeti Bedrije , Erakovikj Vesna Manova
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we give another proof of the known lemma considering the Fourier transform of the convolution of a distribution and a function. Also, we give its application in the mentioned spaces.
Effect Of Nhexane Extract Of Caryota No Seed On Markers Of Neurodegeneration And Fecundity In Drosophila Melanogaster
Authors:   University Of Jos, A Maduagwuna Chinonye
Published: January 2021

Study background: Chronic neuroinflammation is a common emerging hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases. Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly and is characterized by loss of memory and other cognitive functions.
Uncommon Manifestations Of Common Vascular Disease In The Elderly
Authors:   New York Medical College, Vancheswaran Aparna
Published: January 2021

Vascular disease may manifest atypically in elderly patients due to presence of comorbid conditions, age related physiologic changes and frailty. Here we outline some of these uncommon clinical presentations of common vascular disease and discuss how management must change to effectively diagnose and treat these conditions specifically in an elderly population.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 And Cardiovascular Disease: Does This Novel Disease Directly Affect The Cardiovascular System?
Authors:   Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Haruta Shoji
Published: January 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic. The worsening of COVID-19 is caused by viral pneumonia, but the disease also remarkably affects the cardiovascular system.
Evaluation Of Public Awareness, Knowledge And Attitudes Towards Basic Life Support Among Non-Medical, Adult Population In Muscat City, Oman: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors:   Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Aldhakhri Aisha
Published: January 2021

Life-threatening illnesses or injuries may occur at places where there are no health service providers, so it is imperative that laypeople are equipped with all necessary knowledge and skills to provide BLS.
Allergy to oak pollen in North America
Authors: Bernstein David I. , Würtzen Peter A. , DuBuske Lawrence , Blaiss Michael S. , Ellis Anne K. , Weber Richard W. , Nolte Hendrik
Published: January 2021

Background: Oak pollen is an important allergen in North America. The genus Quercus (oak) belongs to the family Fagaceae under the order Fagales. Objective: The objective of this article was to narratively review the oak pollen season, clinical and epidemiologic
aspects of allergy to oak pollen, oak taxonomy, and oak allergen cross-reactivity, with a focus on the North American perspective. Methods: A PubMed literature review (no limits) was conducted. Publications related to oak pollen, oak-related allergic rhinitis with or without
conjunctivitis, and oak-related allergic asthma were selected for review. Results: Oak species are common throughout the United States and contribute up to 50% to overall atmospheric pollen loads. Mean peak oak pollen counts can reach >2000 grains/m3. The
start of the oak pollen season generally corresponds to the seasonal shift from winter to spring based on latitude and elevation, and may begin as early as mid February. The duration of the season can last > 100 days and, in general, is longer at lower latitudes. In the United States, ∼30%
of individuals with allergy are sensitized to oak. The oak pollen season correlates with increased allergic rhinitis symptom‐relieving medication use and asthma-related emergency department visits or hospitalizations. Oak falls within the birch homologous group. Extensive immunologic
cross-reactivity has been demonstrated between oak pollen and birch pollen allergens, and, more specifically, their major allergens Que a 1 and Bet v 1. The cross-reactivity between oak and birch has implications for allergy immunotherapy (AIT) because guidelines suggest selecting one representative
allergen within a homologous group for AIT, a principle that would apply to oak. Conclusion: Allergy to oak pollen is common in North America and has a substantial clinical impact. Oak pollen allergens are cross-reactive with birch pollen allergens, which may have implications
for AIT.
Quantification of Lactobacillussp in fermented milks marketed in Fortaleza-CE
Authors: Andrade Ana Paula Colares de , Cavalcante Libanea Maria Batista
Published: January 2021

This research aimed to evaluate the quantification of Lactobacillussp in three brands of fermented milks collected in the supermarkets of Fortaleza-CE. At the time of purchase of the products, it was observed that none of the lots were at an ideal coolingtemperature (up to 5 °C)according to Brazilian legislation (2002). All the evaluated products declared to have bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus, so the viability/ quantification of the probiotic cultures was monitored as a function of the total count of lactic acid bacteria in MRS agar at 37 °C under anaerobic conditions for 72h (IDF, 1995). The samples were previously diluted in peptone water (0.1%) and plated using the Spread Plate technique (ICMSF, 1978), and theresults were expressed in Colony Forming Units per mL of product (UFC/mL). It is observed that of the three brands evaluated, only one showed a significant amount of cells for the product to be considered probiotic.
Methods to overcome dormancy of seeds of Enterolobium schomburgkii (Benth.) Benth.
Authors: Linhares Antonio Carlos Costa , Vasconcelos Rayssa Gomes , Alves Silfran Rogério Marialva
Published: January 2021

Enterolobium schomburgkii is an arboreal species, native to the Amazon that presents a wide neotropical distribution. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different methods to overcome dormancy in E. schomburgkii seeds. The experimental design was entirely randomized, with three treatments and four repetitions of 25 seeds. The methods were (T1) seed coat breakdown opposite the hilum; (T2); seed coat breakdown opposite the hilum + immersion in water for 4 hours and control (T3). The parameters were evaluated: height of the seedlings (H), stem diameter (D), percentage of the emergence of seedlings (E) and the emergence speed index (ESI). The parameters diameter, emergence, and ESI were strongly influenced by the method used to overcome dormancy. The highest values of H, D, E, and ESI were observed in the T2 treatment, due to the time of exposure to water, which provided the acceleration of the emergence of the seedlings. The dormancy of the seeds of E. schomburgkii is overcome with the shoot opposite to the hilum and can be accelerated with immersion in water for 4 hours.
SOMEONE ELSE’S SPEECH IN THE INTERROGATION PROTOCOL AS A TYPE OF A SECONDARY TEXT
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev, Shulgina K.V.
Published: January 2021

Statement of the problem. The tasks of modern forensic linguistic expertise include solving the question of whether the text contains a negative evaluation component that characterizes a person. The qualificative, “properly human” [Shmelev, 1981, р. 5] category of assessment, which organizes the process of conflict communication, is manifested in the interrogation protocol at the lexical level within the framework of an invective utterance. For the first time, the article considers secondary invective statements as substantial inclusions in the structure of the interrogation protocol of someone else’s conflict speech. The purpose of creating such speech utterances is assessment which determines the negative attitude of the subject to the object. Secondary invective statements are examined from the point of view of their formal content structure, as well as ways of their representation in the text of the interrogation protocol. The purpose of the article is to study the features of reproduction of someone else’s conflict speech in the interrogation protocol as a secondary speech genre. The material of the study was the interrogation protocols compiled by officials during the preliminary investigation of criminal cases about insulting a representative of the authorities or contempt of court. The research methods used are general scientific research methods (observations, comparisons, descriptions), as well as methods of semantic, functional, component and propositional analysis.
SEMIOTIC OPPOSITION “ME – NOT ME” IN THE LANGUAGE CONSCIOUSNESS OF SCHOOL CHILDREN IN KRASNOYARSK (BASED ON A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC EXPERIMENT)
Authors:   KSPU named after V.P. Astafiev, Nizamutinova T.M.
Published: January 2021

The paper is devoted to the analysis of the semiotic opposition “me-not me” to identify the features of psycholinguistic perception of images “me-not me” by schoolchildren of Krasnoyarsk on the material of associative fields “from a reaction to a stimulus”, recorded in the “Reverse associative dictionary of Krasnoyarsk schoolchildren” (RADKS). In the process of analysis, differences in the semantic field structure and the main features of collective language consciousness are identified. As a result, the options of the opposition “me-not me” were identified in the language consciousness of schoolchildren, the formal-grammatical structure of the nuclear units were analyzed, the semantic data areas of associative fields were revealed.
MARRIAGE AND PROPERTY REGIME OF SPOUSES UNDER KOSOVO CURRENT LAW AND DRAFT – CIVIL CODE
Authors: Gashi Haxhi , Preteni Bashkim
Published: January 2021

The impact of marriage in the property rights of spouses has been recognized since Roman law and nowadays remains a principle well established under each European legal system. Under Kosovo law, marriage creates different legal consequences between spouses including for their property rights. The current property regime of spouses under the Law on Family establishes rules on individual ownership and joint ownership. However, it does not recognise the contract for the regulation of the property regime of spouses. This has created problems with regard to the separation of the property after the marriage ceases. Contrary to this, under Kosovo Draft Civil Code – Book 4 on Family, the property regime of the spouses has advanced including for the recognition of premarital and marital contracts. This paper discusses questions arising from the relationship between spouses that have an effect on property and are treated from a current law perspective and in line with the civil law codification that is occurring in Kosovo.
Prone ventilation in COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: Case report of two patients from Ethiopia
Authors: Huluka Dawit Kebede , Ahmed Sebrina , Abebe Hiwotie , Huang Joseph , Chong David H. , Haisch Deborah A. , Sherman Charles B.
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic is one of the largest health crises that the world has ever seen, infecting forty million people and killing more than 1 million to date. The disease has imposed a significant demand on health care resources due to the increased number and severely ill patients visiting facilities each day. Since there is no effective cure for COVID-19, supportive management with oxygen, steroids, anticoagulation, and prone positioning remains the major interventions. Prone ventilation is known to have a mortality benefit in intubated patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, studies on its role in intubated patients with COVID-19 ARDS (CARDS) are very scarce in resource-limited settings like Africa. We describe two patients with CARDS who were successfully treated with invasive mechanical ventilation, prone ventilation, and standard supportive care.
Imide Condensation as a Strategy for the Synthesis of Core Diversified G-Quadruplex Ligands with Anti-Cancer and Anti-Parasitic Activity
Authors: T. G. Street Steven , Peñalver pablo , O'Hagan Michael , Hollingworth Gregory J. , Morales Juan Carlos , Galan M. Carmen
Published: January 2021

A facile imide coupling strategy for the one-step preparation of G‑quadruplex ligands with varied core chemistries is described. The G‑quadruplex stabilization, anticancer and antiparasitic activity of a library of nine compounds was examined, identifying a nanomolar inhibitor of T. brucei with 78‑fold selectivity over MRC5 cells, and strong stabilization of G‑quadruplex nucleic acids.
Robust and General Procedure for Carbon Isotope Labeling of Linear Urea Derivatives with Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Babin Victor , Sallustrau Antoine , Loreau Olivier , Caillé Fabien , Goudet Amélie , Cahuzac Héloïse , Vecchio Antonio Del , Taran Frédéric , Audisio Davide
Published: January 2021

Carbon isotope labeling is a traceless technology, which allows tracking the fate of organic compounds either in the environment or in living organisms. Despite recent advances in the field, the development of robust and general technologies remains a significant task. This full article reports on a general approach to label urea derivatives with all carbon isotopes, including 14C and 11C. Based on a Staudinger aza-Wittig sequence, it provides access to all aliphatic/aromatic urea combinations as well as to semicarbazides, sulfonylureas, hydroxyl ureas, and simple terminal ureas. A de-risking approach was developed to evaluate the robustness of the reaction. This technology is based on [14C]CO2 screening that allowed to investigate the tolerance of the procedure with most representative heterocycles and functional groups found in FDA approved drugs.
Role of Interlayer Distance on Cationic Diffusion of Nickel-Based Honeycomb Layered Tellurates
Authors: Sau Kartik , Ikeshoji Tamio , Kanyolo Godwill Mbiti , Masese Titus
Published: January 2021

Although the fascinatingly rich crystal chemistry of honeycomb layered oxides has been accredited as the propelling force behind their remarkable electrochemistry, the atomistic mechanisms surrounding their operations remain unexplored. Thus, herein, we present an extensive molecular dynamics study performed systematically using a refined set of inter-atomic potential parameters of A2Ni2TeO6 (where A = Li, Na, and K). We demonstrate the effectiveness of the Vashishta-Rahman form of the interatomic potential in reproducing various structural and transport properties of this promising class of materials and predict an exponential increase in cationic diffusion with larger interlayer distances. The simulations further demonstrate the correlation between broadened inter-layer (inter-slab) distances associated with the larger ionic radii of K and Na compared to Li and the enhanced cationic conduction exhibited in K2Ni2TeO6 and Na2Ni2TeO6 relative to Li2Ni2TeO6. Whence, our findings connect a wider bottleneck along the cationic diffusion channel within frameworks comprised of larger mobile cations to the improved cationic diffusion experimentally observed in honeycomb layered oxides.
Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle Exercise to reduce Urinary Incontinence among Postnatal Mothers
Authors: KalaBarathi S  , Babu Rani  , Dhovarani E  , Esther Rani G
Published: January 2021

Urinary incontinence can be characterised as 'the protest of any automatic spillage of urine. Under this more extensive definition, there are various indications, similar to Stress urinary incontinence, Urge urinary incontinence and mixed urinary incontinence. Postpartum urinary incontinence is here and there an unavoidable inconvenience of vaginal conveyance, particularly in the event that it happens to be a woman's first vaginal conveyance. Weaker pelvic muscle has reduced inability to stop the flow of urine among postnatal mothers. The study supports the need for nurses to educate the postnatal mothers about methods to reduce urinary incontinence by using the first line of treatment, i.e., pelvic floor muscle strengthening exercise. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle exercise to reduce urinary incontinence among postnatal mothers.  A quantitative pre-experimental, one group pretest and post test research design were chosen to conduct the investigation among 60 postnatal mothers. Convenience sampling technique was used to select the postnatal mothers. Modified Sandviketal Severity Index tool was chosen to assess the pretest and post test level of urinary incontinence. The assessment includes on frequency (involuntary loss of urine occurs), incontinence with daily living and amount of urine leaks. The study results show most of the postnatal mothers had severe urinary incontinence and after the administration, pelvic floor muscle exercises most of the postnatal mothers had moderate urinary incontinence and this emphasizes the need to educate the postnatal mothers and promote them to perform PMRT so that they come through the postnatal period and for the betterment of life.
Effectiveness of Pranayama on Fatigue and Insomnia among Patients with Hemodialysis
Authors: Bhuvaneswari G  , Deepika S
Published: January 2021

Chronic renal failure or chronic kidney disease is a slowly progressive loss of kidney work over a time of quite a while. As kidney disappointment propels and the organ's capacity is truly weakened, hazardous degrees of waste and liquid can quickly develop in the body. On the off chance that persistent kidney disappointment closes At end-stage kidney infection, the patient won't get by without dialysis or a kidney transplant. Dialysis is adopted for cleaning the blood, is one of the most widely recognized treatment alternatives for patients with the end-stage renal illness. The study aims are to assess the effectiveness of Pranayama on fatigue and insomnia among patients with Hemodialysis. An evaluate approach was used for this study with one group pretest and posttest design. Nonprobability purposive sampling method was used to select the 60 samples of the study. The tool used for this study was fatigue and insomnia severity index was to assess the level of insomnia among patients with Hemodialysis. Pranayama was given to the patients for 15 mins twice a day, one hour after Hemodialysis for 15 days. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results depicts that mean posttest score of fatigue and insomnia were 19.09 (SD + 8.44), 15.17 (SD+ 4.85) and the mean pretest score were 59.38(SD +8.18), 25.55 (SD+ 3.37) respectively. The mean difference was 40.29 and 10.38, respectively. The paired 't' value were 33.77 and 22.8 and ('t' value= 0.0001) respectively, which was significant at P< 0.05. The above findings showed that Pranayama was an effective intervention in reducing fatigue and insomnia among patients with Hemodialysis.
Effectiveness of position change among infants during phototherapy in management of hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm and term neonate
Authors: Meena P  , Udhaya Surya T
Published: January 2021

Neonatal jaundice is the yellowish staining of the white part of the eyes and skin in an infant because of high bilirubin levels. Untimely children have a lot higher occurrence of neonatal jaundice requiring remedial mediation than term infant. The present study aims to assess the effectiveness of position change among infants during phototherapy in the management of hyperbilirubinemia in late preterm and term neonate. A quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design with non-randomized control research design was used to conduct the study in Thiruvallur District Head Quarter Government Hospital. Thirty samples were selected by using a convenience sampling technique and were grouped into an experimental and control group; each consist of 15 samples. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information regarding demographic variables and variables related to clinical proforma. Bilirubin level was monitored and recorded in the hyperbilirubinemia chart for both the groups. The neonates in the experimental group were subjected to a position change for every 2 hrs and the neonates in the control group were given regular care. The study results show that position change among infants during phototherapy was found to be effective in the reduction of serum bilirubin level considerably among infants in the experimental group than the infants in the control group. At the level of p<0.001. This indicates that position change is effective in reducing the bilirubin level and have an impact on the early recovery of the neonates.
Assessment of Different Areas of Perforation While Performing RCT
Authors: Keerthiga Nagarajan  , Iffat Nasim  , Arthi B
Published: January 2021

Root perforation is defined as an iatrogenic or pathological communication between the root canal system and the external tooth/root surface. They may be pathologic or iatrogenic in etiology. Iatrogenic perforations during root canal therapy account for a large portion of endodontic failures and may necessitate the need for extraction. Assessing the sites commonly perforated helps anticipate such complications and thereby formulate means to improve the quality of treatment offered. This study aims to assess the different areas of perforation while performing root canal treatment. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using the patient records from the OPD of Saveetha Dental College, Chennai from June 2019 to April 2020, and patients above the age of 18 years who underwent perforation management were selected by non-probability sampling. Data was collected and then subjected to statistical analysis using Statistical Package for Social Science for Windows (version 20.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago Ill., USA). Chi-square test was employed with a level of significance set at p<0.05. It was found that the most common site of perforation was the furcation area (50%), followed by crown perforations (44.1%). There were more males (52.9%) who experienced perforations than females and the most common age group was 35-55 years (50%). There was a significant difference between the site of perforation and tooth involved (p=0.032). There also was a significant difference between the perforation site and the arch involved (p=0.044). The most commonly perforated tooth was found to be mandibular molars.