bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Travessias do espectador escolar na contemporaneidade: concepções e reverberações do ato de fruir teatro
Authors: Maciel Patrícia Gusmão
Published: June 2016

Este artigo visa a refletir sobre o processo de formação de espectadores, que envolvem ações de mediação teatral – compreendida como atividade pedagógica de formação. A proposta pretende evidenciar dois diferentes projetos, dedicados a atividades de mediação em teatro, direcionados à formação de espectadores na Educação Básica pública, oriundos de iniciativas culturais. As bases teóricas das reflexões são estudos sobre a formação de espectadores de teatro, desenvolvidos por autores como Flávio Desgranges e Roger Deldime.
Os fazeres da História: de Eusébio de Cesareia a Gomes Eanes de Zurara
Authors: Santos Fernando Pereira dos
Published: June 2016

Não há resumo por tratar-se de resenha crítica.
Borrowing and Contact Intensity: A Corpus-Driven Approach From Four Slavic Minority Languages
Authors: Adamou Evangelia , Breu Walter , Scholze Lenka , Shen Rachel Xingjia
Published: June 2016

Numerous studies on language contact document the use of content words and especially nouns in most contact settings, but the correlations are often based on qualitative or questionnaire-based research. The present study of borrowing is based on the analysis of free-speech corpora from four Slavic minority languages spoken in Austria, Germany, Greece, and Italy. The analysis of the data, totalling 34,000 word tokens, shows that speakers from Italy produced significantly more borrowings and noun borrowings than speakers from the other three countries. A Random Forests analysis identifies ‘language’ as the main predictor for the ratio of both borrowings and noun borrowings, indicating the existence of borrowing patterns that individual speakers conform to. Finally, we suggest that the patterns of borrowing that prevail in the communities under study relate to the intensity of contact in the past, and to the presence or absence of literary traditions for the minority languages.
Leadership Succession, Great Power Ambitions, and the Future of Central Asia
Authors: McGlinchey Eric
Published: June 2016

Two uncertainties will reshape inter- and intra-state governance in Eurasia over the next five to twenty years. First, the stabilizing anchors of Central Asia, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, will see their first leadership change since independence. Second, it is unclear if and how the region’s two great powers, Russia and China, will accommodate one another’s expanding interests. This paper explores these two uncertainties, their potential to reshape Central Asian politics, and scenarios that may emerge should the current, now quarter century status quo be disrupted.
Revolution in the Counter-Revolution: Efforts to Centralize the Taliban’s Military Leadership
Authors: Franco Claudio , Giustozzi Antonio
Published: June 2016

Interviews with Taliban cadres and commanders challenge conventional views about the inherently fragmented character of the Taliban insurgency and about the role of the Quetta Taliban leadership in running the military organization of the Taliban. The so-called Haqqani network operated as a largely autonomous force from 2007 until 2015, as did the Peshawar Shura from 2009 onward. However, both the Haqqanis and the Peshawar Shura were able to impose a much greater degree of coherence and discipline among its ranks than the Quetta Shura was able to, at least until 2015.
Two new species of the sharpshooter genus Oragua Melichar, 1926 from Southeastern Brazil (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini)
Authors: MEJDALANI GABRIEL , SILVA CRISTIANE M. F. DA , TAKIYA DANIELA M.
Published: June 2016

Two very similar new species of Oragua Melichar, 1926, O. linnavuorii sp. nov. and O. flavolineata sp. nov., are described and illustrated from the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (Mantiqueira mountain range). The new species share the presence of a large dentiform process located posteroventrally on the male pygofer, a unique feature within the genus. They can be distinguished from each other by the paraphyses with a pair of elongate, slender asymmetrical rami in O. linnavuorii and with two pairs of short, spiniform apical processes in O. flavolineata. The male of O. linnavuorii is macropterous but the female is submacropterous and thus smaller than the former when specimens are measured from the apex of the crown to the tips of the forewings at rest. The female of O. flavolineata is not known. Male holotypes are deposited in DZRJ. A key to males of the five Oragua species recorded from Southeastern Brazil is provided [O. maculifera Young, 1977, O. discoidula (Osborn, 1926), O. triplehorni Young, 1977, O. linnavuorii, and O. flavolineata]. The superficially similar genera Oragua and Aguana Melichar, 1926 are briefly compared.
Metalimnobia crane flies (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Korea
Authors: PODENAS SIGITAS , BYUN HYE-WOO
Published: June 2016

Korean species of the crane fly genus Metalimnobia Matsumura, 1911 (Diptera: Limoniidae), are taxonomically revised. Metalimnobia (Metalimnobia) channpayna new species, is described and figured, M. (M.) bifasciata (Schrank, 1781), M. (M.) quadrinotata (Meigen, 1818) and M. (M.) zetterstedti (Tjeder, 1968) are listed for the first time in Korea, new information for previously known species, M. (M.) quadrimaculata (Linnaeus, 1760) is added. Identification key for all Korean Metalimnobia species is given. Wings, male and female terminalia are illustrated for all species.
New and little-known species of the genus Lacon Laporte, 1838 (Coleoptera: Elateridae) of China
Authors: PROSVIROV ALEXANDER S.
Published: June 2016

Two new species of the genus Lacon Laporte, 1838 are described from Yunnan province of China: L. diqingensis sp. nov. and L. lijiangensis sp. nov. Lacon salvazai (Fleutiaux, 1918) is recorded for the first time in China. The position of these species within the genus and their geographical distribution are discussed. A preliminary key to the known species of Lacon of mainland China is provided.
The genus Euurobracon Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) in China, with description of three new species
Authors: LI YANG , HE JUN-HUA , CHEN XUE-XIN
Published: June 2016

The species of the genus Euurobracon Ashmead (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) from China are revised and six species are recognized, including three new species (E. acuminatus sp. nov., E. disparalis sp. nov., and E. unicolor sp. nov.), which are described and illustrated. Also, E. triplagiata (Cameron, 1900), is reported from China for the first time. A key to the Chinese species of this genus is provided.
Additions to the fauna of plume moths (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae) of Uganda
Authors: USTJUZHANIN PETR , KOVTUNOVICH VASILY , ANIKIN VASILY , AARVIK LEIF
Published: June 2016

An overview of 20 Pterophoridae species from Uganda is given. Three of them are described as new to science: Crassuncus agassizi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov., Hellinsia anikini Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov. and Hellinsia nawrothi Ustjuzhanin & Kovtunovich sp. nov. Twelve species are recorded as new to the fauna of Uganda.
Ambaeolothrips: a new genus of Neotropical Aeolothripidae (Thysanoptera), with observations on the type-species from mango trees in Mexico
Authors: MOUND LAURENCE , CAVALLERI ADRIANO , O’DONNELL CHERYLE , INFANTE FRANCISCO , ORTIZ ANTONIO , GOLDARAZENA ARTURO
Published: June 2016

Ambaeolothrips gen. n. is diagnosed for three Neotropical species: the type species romanruizi Ruiz-De la Cruz et al. comb. n. from Mexico, microstriatus Hood comb. n. from Panama, and pampeanus sp. n. from southern Brazil. Variation is discussed among character states that are used in the generic classification of the family Aeolothripidae, including segmentation of the antennae and maxillary palps, sculpture of the metanotum and presence of sternal discal setae. New field observations on the biology of romanruizi indicate that this species is phytophagous in flowers and on leaves, with no evidence of predation on the larvae of other thrips.
Discrimination between Winter Precipitation Types Based on Spectral-Bin Microphysical Modeling
Authors: Reeves Heather Dawn , Ryzhkov Alexander V. , Krause J.
Published: June 2016

A new approach for distinguishing precipitation types at the surface, the spectral bin classifier (SBC), is presented. This algorithm diagnoses six categories of precipitation: rain (RA), snow (SN), a rain–snow mix (RASN), freezing rain (FZRA), ice pellets (PL), and a freezing rain–ice pellet mix (FZRAPL). It works by calculating the liquid-water fraction fw for a spectrum of falling hydrometeors given a prescribed temperature T and relative humidity profile. Demonstrations of the SBC output show that it provides reasonable estimates of fw of various-sized hydrometeors for the different categories of precipitation. The SBC also faithfully represents the horizontal distribution of precipitation type inasmuch as the model analyses and surface observations are consistent with each other. When applied to a collection of observed soundings associated with RA, SN, FZRA, and PL, the classifier has probabilities of detection (PODs) that range from 62.4% to 98.3%. The PODs do decrease when the effects of model uncertainty are accounted for. This decrease is modest for RA, SN, and PL but is large for FZRA as a result of the fact that this form of precipitation is very sensitive to small changes in the thermal profile. The effects of the choice of the degree of riming above the melting layer, the drop size distribution, and the assumed temperature at which ice nucleates are also examined. Recommendations on how to mitigate all forms of uncertainty are discussed. These include the use of dual-polarized radar observations, incorporating output from the microphysical parameterization scheme, and the use of ensemble model forecasts.
A CloudSat Perspective on the Cloud Climatology and Its Association with Aerosol Perturbations in the Vertical over Eastern China
Authors: Chen Tianmeng , Guo Jianping , Li Zhanqing , Zhao Chuanfeng , Liu Huan , Cribb Maureen , Wang Fu , He Jing
Published: June 2016

Many efforts have been taken to investigate aerosol–cloud interactions from space, but only a few studies have examined the response of vertical cloud structure to aerosol perturbations. Three-dimensional cloud climatologies of eight different cloud types identified from the CloudSat level-2 cloud product during the warm season (May–September) in 2008–10 over eastern China were first generated and analyzed. Using visibility as a proxy for cloud condensation nuclei, in combination with satellite-observed radar reflectivity, normalized contoured frequency by altitude diagrams of the differences in cloud radar reflectivity Z profiles under polluted and clean conditions were constructed. For shallow cumulus clouds (shallow Cu) Z tends to be inhibited, and it is enhanced in the upper layers for deep cumulus (deep Cu), nimbostratus (Ns), and deep convective clouds (DCC) under polluted conditions. Overall, analyses of the modified center of gravity (MCOG) and cloud-top height (CTH) also point to a similar aerosol effect, except for the nonsignificant changes in MCOGs and CTHs in deep Cu. The impacts of environmental factors such as lower-tropospheric stability and vertical velocity are also discussed for these types of clouds. Although consistent aerosol-induced elevations in MCOGs and CTHs for Ns and DCC clouds are observed, the effect of meteorology cannot be completely ruled out, which merits further analysis.
Interdecadal Variability of Southeastern South America Rainfall and Moisture Sources during the Austral Summertime
Authors: Martín-Gómez Verónica , Hernández-Garcia Emilio , Barreiro Marcelo , López Cristóbal
Published: June 2016

Sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the tropical oceans are able to generate extratropical atmospheric circulation anomalies that can induce rainfall variability and changes in the sources of moisture. The work reported here evaluates the interdecadal changes in the moisture sources for southeastern South America (SESA) during austral summer, and it is divided into two complementary parts. In the first part the authors construct a climate network to detect synchronization periods among the tropical oceans and the precipitation over SESA. Afterward, taking into account these results, the authors select two periods with different degrees of synchronization to compare the spatial distribution of the SESA moisture sources.

Results show that during the last century there were three synchronization periods among the tropical oceans and the precipitation over SESA (during the 1930s, 1970s, and 1990s) and suggest that the main moisture sources of SESA are the recycling over the region, the central-eastern shore of Brazil together with the surrounding Atlantic Ocean, and the southwestern South Atlantic surrounding the SESA domain. Comparison of SESA moisture sources for the 1980s (a period of nonsignificant synchronization) and the 1990s (a synchronized period) shows that the principal differences are in the intensity of the recycling and in the strength of the central-eastern shore of Brazil. Moreover, the authors find that a region centered at (20°S, 300°E) is a moisture source for SESA only during the 1990s. These differences can be associated with the development of a low-level anticyclonic (cyclonic) anomaly circulation over central-eastern Brazil that favors the transport of moisture from central Brazil (central-eastern shore of Brazil) toward SESA in the 1990s (1980s).
Manufacturing Gender Inequality in the New Economy
Authors: Sutton April , Bosky Amanda , Muller Chandra
Published: June 2016

Tensions between the demands of the knowledge-based economy and remaining, blue-collar jobs underlie renewed debates about whether schools should emphasize career and technical training or college-preparatory curricula. We add a gendered lens to this issue, given the male-dominated nature of blue-collar jobs and women’s greater returns to college. Using the ELS:2002, this study exploits spatial variation in school curricula and jobs to investigate local dynamics that shape gender stratification. Results suggest a link between high school training and jobs in blue-collar communities that structures patterns of gender inequality into early adulthood. Although high school training in blue-collar communities reduced both men’s and women’s odds of four-year college enrollment, it had gender-divergent labor market consequences. Men in blue-collar communities took more blue-collar courses, had higher rates of blue-collar employment, and earned similar wages relative to otherwise comparable men from non-blue-collar communities. Women were less likely to work and to be employed in professional occupations, and they suffered severe wage penalties relative to their male peers and women from non-blue-collar communities. These relationships were due partly to high schools in blue-collar communities offering more blue-collar and fewer advanced college-preparatory courses. This curricular tradeoff may benefit men, but it appears to disadvantage women.
Celecoxib Versus Placebo in Tonsillectomy
Authors: Van Daele Douglas J. , Bodeker Kellie L. , Trask Douglas K.
Published: June 2016

Objectives:

Celecoxib is a cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitor indicated to treat acute pain and pain secondary to osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Surgical models of acute pain have demonstrated superior pain relief to placebo. The objective of this study was to test the safety and efficacy of celecoxib for pain relief after tonsillectomy compared to placebo.

Methods:

Adult subjects were randomized to 200 mg celecoxib versus placebo with a loading dose the night before surgery then twice daily for 10 days. Subjects were instructed to supplement the study drug with hydrocodone/acetaminophen liquid or acetaminophen for pain as needed. Subjects completed a daily diary regarding their pain, nausea, vomiting, diet, and activity.

Results:

Seventeen subjects enrolled. Intraoperative blood loss was similar between groups, and no subject had postoperative bleeding. Three patients returned to the emergency department for treatment, and 2 patients could not complete the diaries, all in the placebo group. Subjects in the placebo group required statistically significant ( P < .05) higher doses of narcotic and acetaminophen to control pain. Pain and diet rating scores were slightly better in the celecoxib group compared to placebo.

Conclusions:

In this small cohort, celecoxib reduced postoperative narcotic and acetaminophen requirements compared to placebo without complications.
Laryngeal Framework Surgery in the Irradiated Neck
Authors: Kubik Mark , Rosen Clark
Published: June 2016

Background:

Laryngeal framework surgery (LFS) remains a cornerstone treatment in the management of glottic insufficiency. Traditionally, a history of radiation to the neck has been considered a relative contraindication to LFS.

Methods:

A retrospective matched cohort study was performed to study LFS outcomes in patients with and without a history of radiation. Variables studied included radiation specifics, surgical time, operative difficulty, complications, need for revision surgery, and Voice Handicap Index-10 (VHI-10) scores.

Results:

A total of 298 patients were studied. Fourteen patients with a history of neck irradiation were matched with 14 nonirradiated controls. No complications were encountered in the nonirradiated cohort. In the irradiated cohort, there were 2 minor wound complications and 1 admission for stridor treated medically. No cases of implant extrusion were observed. The VHI-10 scores were improved in both cohorts relative to preoperative baseline ( P = .001). Posttreatment VHI-10 scores were better in the nonirradiated cohort ( P = .03). There was no difference between cohorts with respect to complication rates, surgical time, surgical difficulty, length of stay, use of a surgical drain, or need for revision surgery.

Conclusion:

Laryngeal framework surgery is safe and associated with improved voice outcomes in patients with a history of neck irradiation.
The Determination of Procalcitonin Concentration in Early-Onset Neonatal Infection
Authors: Kordek Agnieszka , Torbé Andrzej , Tousty Joanna , Łoniewska Beata , Podraza Wojciech , Nikodemski Tomasz , Rudnicki Jacek
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to assess the clinical usefulness of blood procalcitonin (PCT) levels for the diagnosis and therapeutic monitoring of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). PCT as well as C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and white blood cell (WBC) count were measured in venous blood from 57 infected and 72 uninfected neonates. Differences between groups for PCT, CRP, and WBC levels were significant. The threshold value on the receiver operating characteristic curve in the prediction of EONS was 5.33 ng/mL for PCT, 9.3 mg/L for CRP, and 14.9 × 109/L for WBC. There was no effect of antibiotic administered to the mother on PCT, CRP, and WBC levels in neonatal blood sampled before treatment of EONS. Evidently reduced PCT levels are observed after 2 days of treatment. The authors conclude that prenatal antibiotic therapy does not reduce the value of PCT levels in blood for the diagnosis of EONS.
Elitism and Exclusion in Mass Protest: Privatization, Resistance, and State Domination in China
Authors: Chen Xi
Published: June 2016

One of the biggest puzzles of China’s reform era is how the government was able to implement a stunning enterprise restructuring program amid widespread worker protests. While most existing explanations focus on government repression, concessions, and other policies to reduce workers’ incentives to protest, this article argues that the government’s mastery in undermining the trust and solidarity among workers played an essential role in the success of the restructuring. In particular, the state helped to promote exclusionary power structures and elitist attitudes among workers. Consequently, labor protests during restructuring were typically insider-dominated, and rank-and-file workers were often believed to lack the capacity or qualities to play an important role in collective actions. Exclusionary elitism discouraged ordinary workers’ participation and alienated protest activists from the communities. The article examines the conditions and mechanisms for exclusionary elitism to develop among state workers.
Faith in Contention
Authors: Isaacs Matthew
Published: June 2016

What explains variation in the role of religion in ethnic conflict? Although conflict involving religion is often more violent and longer lasting than other forms of conflict, to date little research has examined the factors explaining the relevance of religion to conflict mobilization. Adopting a rational choice approach, I argue that religion is more likely to be a salient component of conflict when an ethnic group’s religious leaders face local incentives to compete over adherents. I test this approach using a multi-method research design that combines statistical analysis of original time-series data on the salience of religion in conflict with qualitative evidence drawn from the Troubles in Northern Ireland. Both types of analyses support the notion that competition among religious leaders can serve as a precursor to the mobilization of religious sentiment in conflict, which in turn exerts a tremendous influence on the intensity and duration of conflict.
Markets or Hierarchies? Transaction Costs, Institutional Environment and the Foreign Collaboration Decision in India
Authors: Shankar Pragya
Published: June 2016

Over the past few years, a growing volume of literature has analysed the forms of foreign investment to developing countries from the perspective of institutional economics, following their attempts to shift from centralised planning to a market oriented system of exchange.

This article carries forward this literature and examines the relevance of the institutional factors—transaction cost theory and institutional environment—in empirically determining the modes of foreign investment and technology transfer (or foreign collaborations in India) in India.

The results of this exercise show that market institutional factors like transaction costs and government policies (institutional environment) play a significant role in influencing the forms of foreign collaborations in India. However, the pattern of foreign collaborations also show a trend for higher control modes, refuting the basic hypothesis of transaction costs theory that posits a low level of ownership, unless proven otherwise.

These observations can be linked to considerable market imperfections, like weak conditions relating to contract enforcement, property rights protection and ease of exit and also foreign monopoly power that hinder the market mechanism, and call for the need for strengthening the role of supporting institutions required for facilitating market exchange of transactions.

JEL Classification: L22
Macroeconomic Effects of Capital Account Liberalisation in India
Authors: Taneja Deepti , Ansari Nasim
Published: June 2016

In this article, we examined the macroeconomic effects of capital account liberalisation in India. Econometric analyses based on annual data for the period 1993–1994 to 2012–2013 reveal a number of interesting observations. The conclusion drawn is that there exist a unique long-run relationship between economic growth and capital account openness. The long-run relationship was also observed between capital account openness and gross domestic capital formation (GDCF), and between capital account openness and real effective exchange rate (REER). Results of the cointegration test are indicative of the fact that the increased inflows of private foreign capital in India since 1993 might account for the disturbances in the equilibrium relationship between numbers of macroeconomic variables. From the causality analysis it was observed that capital openness must be preceded by trade openness and a more developed domestic financial system.

JEL Classification: F10, F15, F32, F36, O43, G21
Virtual and Print Newspaper Coexistence
Authors: Dhande Suhas , Thoke Nutan , Satpute Gayatri
Published: June 2016

The technology revolution has drastically changed all the day-to-day activities we do. Newspaper is amongst it. Newspaper started in India in early nineteenth century in the print form and is growing year by year till date. Although the print newspaper is dominating the era at present, the online form, which has emerged recently, is about to dominate its print version. Almost every newspaper is having its online version, and some newspapers in the USA have recently stopped their print version and are targeting to go 100 per cent online.1 Rather, some newspapers like The New York Times have stopped their print version and gone completely online.

This trend is quite visible in developed countries, and it also has major footprint in developing countries. Hence, this article attempts to find the trend in developing countries, especially India, and various factors affecting that.

This article discusses preferences of online and print newspapers, tests those statistically and verifies the results with another statistical tool. Furthermore, it discusses the future of print newspapers.

JEL Classification: D03, D12, D83
Indigenous social work across borders: Expanding social work in the South Pacific
Authors: Mafile’o Tracie , Vakalahi Halaevalu F Ofahengaue
Published: June 2016

Pacific indigenous social work has developed across borders reflecting the diaspora of Pacific peoples outside their homelands. It is proposed that the ‘next wave’ of Pacific social work be centred in Pacific homelands to invigorate new approaches that better address well-being for transnational Pacific peoples. The current status of Pacific social work education, professionalization and theory is discussed. It is argued that social justice, locally-led development and cultural preservation will be better realized with an expansion of Pacific social work across borders. The article reflects on decolonization, universalism–relativism, nature of social work, resourcing and collaborations for Pacific social work.
Social and Emotional Competencies Evaluation Questionnaire—Teacher’s Version
Authors: Coelho Vitor A. , Sousa Vanda , Marchante Marta
Published: June 2016

The Social and Emotional Competencies Evaluation Questionnaire—Teacher’s version, Short Form (QACSE-P-SF) allows teachers to assess their students’ social and emotional competencies, having been designed for program evaluation. Thirty-nine teachers completed the QACSE-P-SF, regarding 657 students (fourth to ninth grades). Factor analyses supported a six-factor structure with acceptable internal consistency. Sex differences were found with teachers reporting girls as having higher scores on Self-Control, Social Awareness, Relationship Skills, and Responsible Decision Making. Developmental differences were also found with fourth-grade students presenting higher levels of Social Awareness and Relationship Skills than older students. The final version of the QACSE-P-SF is composed by 30 items, organized into six scales and less time consuming than the previous version for teachers who need to assess full classes.
Probing Resilience
Authors: Montpetit Mignon A. , Tiberio Stacey S.
Published: June 2016

Objectives

The current study explores one way the process of resilience arises by investigating the underlying process of stress appraisal. In particular, the analyses examine how resilience resources function each day to attenuate the extent to which life experiences are perceived as threatening, and how trait-like resilience resources shape the appraisal process.

Method

Daily diary and questionnaire data from 96 participants of Successful Aging in Context: The Macroenvironment and Daily Lived Experience (SAIC; MAge = 67 years, SDAge = 4.9 years; range: 58–86 years) were analyzed using multilevel random coefficient modeling to investigate how individuals’ daily perceptions of control and self-esteem impacted perceived stress on a given day.

Results

Results suggested that both self-esteem and environmental mastery help mitigate the experience of stress; furthermore, dispositional resilience and self-esteem stability predict differences between individuals in the extent to which self-esteem tempers the perception of stress each day.

Discussion

The results inform theoretical and empirical work on the nature of resilience, especially regarding how the process arises in ordinary life. From an application perspective, results imply that augmenting environmental mastery and self-esteem, both of which are malleable, can facilitate resilience by helping elders challenge their perceptions of stress each day.
A time-varying signal processing method for Coriolis mass flowmeter based on adaptive filter
Authors: Dan Feng , Shangchun Fan , Dezhi Zheng
Published: June 2016

In this paper, the normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm, a time-varying signal processing method, is employed in a Coriolis mass flowmeter (CFM) to improve its weak anti-jamming capability. Initially, the fundamental principles of the NLMS algorithm adopted in the adaptive filter are analysed. Then, the NLMS algorithm is applied to analyse the signal processing of the CFM at different flow rates in experiments. By comparing several performance indicators and spectrum diagrams from being filtered by the NLMS algorithm and the least mean square (LMS) algorithm, the results indicate that the NLMS algorithm can lead to a better anti-jamming capability and reduce the influence of noise efficiently for the CFM. In addition, the NLMS method has a faster convergence speed and fewer stable errors than the LMS method. Therefore, the NLMS can improve the quality of the output signal of the CFM.
Binding characteristics of Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Li+ with humic substances: Implication to trace element enrichment in low-rank coals
Authors: He Hong-Tao , Xing Le-Cai , Zhang Jing-Sen , Tang Mao
Published: June 2016

Binding characteristics of metal ions (Li+, Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+) with humic substances (HSs) are investigated by first principle calculation at BP86/SDD level. In the present work, HSs are well represented by singly deprotonated alkyl/aryl carboxylic acid. The results reveal that the bidentate is the strongest complexation form. Moreover, with the increase of ionic potential, the binding energies of HSs to chelate metal ions increase in order, Li+ < Cd2+ < Zn2+ < Cu2+. The nature of the ligand also exerts important influence on the stability of organometallic complexes. Specifically, for Li+, the ionic bond-forming part occurs as electroneutrality. Whatever electron-donating groups or electron-withdrawing groups including alkyl, aryl and its derivatives (salicylic acid and m (p)-substituted gallic acid by hydroxyl or amino) and carbon-carbon double bond connects to the carboxylate group, the electron density of the ionic bond-forming part will be changed resulting in the decrease of binding energy (BE). However, for ions with high ionic potential or high positive charge density (Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+), the ionic bond-forming part is positively charged. From electron-withdrawing groups to electron-donating groups, the extent to deviate from electroneutrality is gradually decreased, although the quantity of electron is possibly insufficient to balance the extra positive charge. As a result, the BE value gradually increases, but does not reach a maximum for studied ions and ligands. Besides, mixed functional groups are able to stabilize organometallic complexes. The optimal mixed functional group is carboxyl and hydroxyl on ortho position, followed by two hydroxyls, hydroxyl and carbonyl, carboxyl and carbonyl, two carboxyls. Strong electron-withdrawing effect attributes to the decrease of the BE value for the latter three.

In the end, the geochemical behavior of trace elements in coalification is predicted: small organic acids generated by decomposition of dead plants in relatively oxidized environments will facilitate the enrichment of lithium and this proportion of lithium will be released into pore water in the polymerization of small molecules, possibly accumulating in secondary minerals in low-rank coals; metal ions with high ionic potential bonded by organic molecules will be released in a later stage and accumulate in slightly higher rank coals.
Cross-National Work-Life Research
Authors: Ollier-Malaterre Ariane , Foucreault Annie
Published: June 2016

Increasing attention is being paid to the impacts of country-level contexts on the work-life interface. However, lack of theoretical clarity as well as operationalization challenges are significant roadblocks for comparative work-life research. This article provides guidance for cross-national work-life research by conducting a systematic interdisciplinary review of conceptual and empirical work on the country-level cultural impacts (i.e., the values, assumptions, and beliefs shared by individuals with common historical experience) and structural impacts (i.e., the rules and constraints produced by legal, economic, and social structures) on individual experiences of the work-life interface and organizational support for nonwork. Regarding culture, we offer an organized review of work-life research drawing on cultural dimensions, from the most researched dimensions, such as individualism-collectivism and gender egalitarianism, to the least researched. We also point to ways to locate scales and country scores. Concerning structure, we explain how legal (e.g., public policies), economic (e.g., industrialization), and social (e.g., actual gender equality) factors are operationalized with indicators or typologies and review the related work-life research. We carve out a research agenda pointing out untapped cultural dimensions and structural factors and underresearched work-life constructs and calling for more systemic and integrative cross-national work-life research.
Results From 10 Years of Interprofessional Training on Motivational Interviewing
Authors: Cook Paul F. , Manzouri Saman , Aagaard Laurra , O’Connell Lindsay , Corwin Marla , Gance-Cleveland Bonnie
Published: June 2016

Motivational interviewing (MI) is a popular evidence-based method to support health behavior change. We examined evaluations from 10 years of interprofessional workshops on MI to identify trends in trainees’ MI-related knowledge, attitude, and behavior. From 2006 to 2015, 394 trainees participated in continuing education MI workshops with our team and completed a validated posttraining questionnaire. Participants were 90% female and 66% White, with M = 12 years in practice. They worked in pediatric and adult care; urban and rural locations; and inpatient, outpatient, and nonhealth settings. The largest groups were nurses (20%), allied health professionals (20%), and health educators or case managers (15%). Trainees’ professional diversity increased over time, their average age and years in practice decreased, and the percentage with prior MI training increased. Practitioners in telehealth and nonhealth settings had lower scores overall. Outcomes varied significantly by professional discipline: Mental health professionals, case managers, health educators, and nurses had higher scores on some outcome variables than nonhealth professionals. Years of clinical experience predicted MI-consistent attitude, but prior training, other demographic variables, and training process variations had no consistent effects. Although many trainees had already received MI training, outcome measures showed room for improvement. MI presents continued opportunities for interprofessional education.
Somali Families’ Experiences of Parenting in the United States
Authors: Bowie Bonnie H. , Wojnar Danuta , Isaak Abdirashid
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of first-generation Somali families’ experiences of parenting in the United States to discover potential barriers to effective parenting with the goal to design supportive interventions. Using descriptive phenomenological design, 20 Somali families in Seattle, Washington, were interviewed. Interview transcripts were then analyzed using steps outlined by Colaizzi. The overarching theme that emerged was “Parenting: A Balancing Act,” which represents Somali parents trying to balance traditional cultural values and parenting traditions with dominant cultural expectations. Participants expressed fear of losing their children to American lifestyle choices, such as drugs or gangs, and misuse of the American system to turn on their parents. Parents also acknowledged the benefits of access to education and health care for children. To cope with the stressors of their new life, participants sought to preserve traditional cultural and religious values, thus strengthening their Somali community.
Dumb-bell in the heart: rare case of biatrial myxoma with mitral regurgitation
Authors: Ananthanarayanan Chandrasekaran , Bishnoi Arvind Kumar , Ramani Jayadip , Gandhi Hemang
Published: June 2016

Cardiac myxomas are rare intracardiac tumors, and the majority are benign myxomas involving the left atrium. We report a case of the very rare occurrence of biatrial myxoma associated with mitral regurgitation, which was successfully treated.
Preservation of the lung after 4-year compression by fibrous tumors of pleura
Authors: Ishibashi Hironori , Takahashi Ken , Kumazawa Sachiko , Okubo Kenichi
Published: June 2016

Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura is a neoplasm arising from mesenchymal tissue, which may cause dyspnea and cough. Computed tomography in a 72-year-old woman, who had been diagnosed with a 3-cm mass in the left upper lung 24 years previously, identified 15- and 10-cm tumors, with complete collapse of the lingula and lower lobe. The tumors were successfully excised with partial lung resection, and the collapsed lung was preserved. There was no recurrence or atelectasis at 4 years postoperatively.
Thoracoscopic sympathicotomy in the treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis
Authors: Bagheri Reza , Sharifian Attar Alireza , Haghi Seyed Ziaollah , Salehi Maryam , Moradpoor Rosita
Published: June 2016

Background

Primary hyperhidrosis interferes with social activities and requires an effective and safe treatment. We aimed to compare the therapeutic outcomes of unilateral single-port sympathicotomy and open surgery.

Methods

Forty patients with primary palmar hyperhidrosis underwent sympathicotomy; 20 had open surgery, and 20 had video-assisted thoracic surgery. Complete resection of the T1 to T4 ganglia was performed by open surgery, and cutting and cauterization of the sympathetic chain between the T2 and T3 ganglia in the dominant hand was undertaken using video-assisted thoracic surgery. The patients were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery.

Results

The mean operative times were 39.6 ± 1.46 and 79.8 ± 1.53 min in the video-assisted thoracic surgery and open surgery group, respectively. The mean hospitalization was 2.2 ± 0.41 days after video-assisted thoracic surgery and 3.3 ± 0.47 days after open surgery. Complications included delayed hemothorax, compensatory hyperhidrosis, and wound infection. The mean blood loss during surgery and time to return to work were significantly less in the video-assisted thoracic surgery group. Excessive sweating was completely alleviated in the dominant hand in all patients, and in the opposite hand in 60% and 65% of the video-assisted thoracic surgery and open surgery group, respectively.

Conclusion

Single-port sympathicotomy between the T2 and T3 ganglia ipsilateral to the dominant hand is a safe, minimally invasive, and effective treatment for primary palmar hyperhidrosis. Alleviation of excessive sweating in the opposite hand can also be achieved in a large proportion of these patients.
Management of idiopathic chylopericardium in Pregnant Patient
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad Umar , Ali Jason , Saad Haisam , Wilson Stephen , Van Tornout Filip
Published: June 2016

Idiopathic chylopericardium in pregnancy is extremely rare and poses difficulties in both decision-making and timing of surgery. A young lady who was 24-weeks pregnant presented with chylopericardium and increasing shortness of breath. Repeated nonsurgical interventions failed to resolve her pathology. She underwent thoracoscopic pericardial window formation and thoracic duct ligation, and made a satisfactory recovery.
The British party funding regime at a critical juncture? Applying new institutional analysis
Authors: Power Sam
Published: June 2016

This article analyses the state of play regarding party funding reform in British Politics through the application of new institutionalism. It then investigates whether the Collins Review of 2014 represents a critical juncture in the evolution of the political finance regime. Utilising elite interview and documentary research, the article argues that the removal of a key institutional stumbling block – the concession of the opt-in for trade union members of the Labour party – has created a situation which may have a very real effect on both British party funding and how we understand party finance reform more generally.
Contextual influences on social enterprise management in rural and urban communities
Authors: Smith Anne MJ , McColl Julie
Published: June 2016

The idea that difference exists between rural and urban enterprise activity is not new, the obvious comparators are measures such as social architecture, resource availability and accessibility. However, when the concept and practice of management in social enterprise is compared in these two contexts then there is opportunity to further our understanding of the contextual challenges encountered by social enterprise. In this paper six cases studies are compared and analysed: three cases are urban social enterprises and three classified as remote rural social enterprises. The urban cases are social enterprises located around Glasgow in the west of Scotland and are compared with three remote rural location studies, one on the Scottish mainland peninsula, the other in northern Scotland and the final case on a Scottish western island. We conclude that the main differences between remote rural and urban management of social enterprise are heavily nuanced by in-migration levels in both rural and urban locations, leadership and community needs and therefore deserving of context relevant policy.
Drivers for differences in dairy farmers’ perceptions of farm development strategies in an area with nature and landscape as protected public goods
Authors: Methorst Ron , Roep Dirk , Verhees Frans , Verstegen Jos
Published: June 2016

Nature and landscape are increasingly appreciated as public goods and community assets in need of protection. Policy schemes aiming to protect vulnerable nature and landscape assets affect options for farm development and thus the opportunities for farm income strategies. Farmers as small business owners need to counter an ongoing income squeeze in their strategic decision. Farmers’ perception of the options affects strategic decision making. In a case study with dairy farmers operating in a highly comparable biophysical and socio-economic context, farmers differed in the perception leading to three main income strategies: ‘maximising’ or ‘ending’ of milk production and ‘diversification of farm business’ with the most dominant strategy being ‘maximising’. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the significance of seven drivers for the differences between farmers’ perception of farm development options. The ‘personal views and preference’ is the most significant explanatory driver for all three income strategies. ‘View on markets’ is of less significance and ‘view on urban-rural relation’ is not significant in explaining differences between farmers. ‘Maximising’ and ‘diversifying’ are opposites in their drivers. To increase the effectiveness of policy schemes and support programmes, personal views and preferences of farmers need to be taken into account.
Effectiveness of backward walking training on walking ability in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Abdel-aziem Amr A , El-Basatiny Heba MY
Published: June 2016

Objective:

To compare the effects of backward walking training and forward walking training on spatiotemporal gait parameters, and gross motor function measures in children with cerebral palsy.

Design:

Randomized controlled clinical trial.

Setting:

Physical therapy clinics.

Subjects:

A total of 30 children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy of both sexes (10 to 14 years of age, classified as I or II by gross motor function classification system) participated in this study. They were randomly assigned into two equal groups.

Interventions:

Both groups received a conventional physical therapy program for 12 successive weeks (three sessions per week). The experimental group additionally received (25 min) backward walking training. The control group additionally received (25 min) forward walking training.

Outcome measures:

Baseline, posttreatment, and follow-up assessment for spatiotemporal gait parameters and gross motor functions were evaluated by using three dimensional gait analysis system and gross motor function measures.

Results:

There was a significant improvement in step length, walking velocity, cadence, stance phase, and swing phase percentage and gross motor function measures (Dimensions D and E) of the experimental group (0.55 ±0.16, 0.53 ±0.19, 121.73 ±2.89, 54.73 ±1.67, 44.40 ±1.40, 90.20 ±6.44, 82.47 ±12.82), respectively, than the control group (0.39 ±0.13, 0.46 ±0.20, 125.80 ±2.96, 50.27 ±1.62, 49.47 ±1.55, 82.47 ±7.05, 80.47 ±12.61), respectively, ( p < 0.05). The significant improvement of all measured outcomes of the experimental group was maintained at 1 month follow-up assessment ( p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

In addition to a conventional physical therapy program, backward walking training is more effective than forward walking training on spatiotemporal gait parameters, and gross motor function measures in children with hemiparetic cerebral palsy.
Opioid sparing effect and safety of nefopam in patient controlled analgesia after laparotomy: A randomized, double blind study
Authors: Jin Hyun Seung , Kim Yong Chul , Yoo Yongjae , Lee Changsoon , Cho Chan Woo , Kim Won-joong
Published: June 2016

Objectives

A double-blind randomised study to evaluate the opioid sparing effect and safety of nefopam when administered via intravenous patient controlled analgesia (PCA) with fentanyl.

Methods

Patients planned for elective open laparotomy, were randomly assigned to receive into fentanyl 25 µg/ml (SF group) or nefopam 2.4 mg/ml plus fentanyl 25 µg/ml (NF group). Patients were assessed before surgery and for 24 h postoperatively.

Results

Total PCA fentanyl consumption was significantly lower in the NF group ( n = 35) than the SF group ( n = 36). Pain scores were significantly lower and patients’ satisfaction with treatment significantly better in the NF group than the SF group. Dry mouth and dizziness were significantly more frequent in the NF group than the SF group. There were no other statistically significant between-group differences in the incidence of adverse events.

Conclusions

Intravenous PCA using nefopam + fentanyl following laparotomy has an opioid sparing effect and is associated with a low incidence of some of the typical opioid related adverse events.

Trial registry

Clinicaltrials.gov Registration No: NCT02596269