bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Natio Made Visible: The Hungarian Political Community in Illustrated Books (ca. 1350–1700)
Authors: Mroziewicz Karolina
Published: December 2016

Natio Made Visible: The Hungarian Political Community in Illustrated Books (ca. 1350–1700)The main objective of this paper is to examine the understanding of the natio Hungarica, as it emerges from the texts and images of a number of richly illustrated Hungarian books. The Chronicon pictum (ca. 1358), János Thuróczy’s Chronica Hungarorum (Brno, Augsburg, 1488), Mausoleum regum et Ungariae ducum (Nuremberg, 1664), Trophaeum domus Estorasianae (Vienna, 1700) and Clarissimorum Hungariae heroum icones (Vienna, 1652) served as points of reference for the discussion on the ways in which the Hungarian political community wanted to be and was perceived prior to its eighteenth- and nineteenthcentury transformation into a modern nation. The study encompasses the formative period of Hungarian illustrated books that contributed to the formulation of the national imagery in Hungary, based on the ethno-genetic myths, memories of shared ancestry and collective past, cultural values, legal code, customs and models of conduct, modes of self-display, and, last but not least, on the imagery of the homeland. The three-and-a-half-century chronological scope of the study has made it possible to trace the major changes which the concept of natio Hungarica underwent between mid-fourteenth and seventeenth centuries. Unaoczniona Nacja Węgierska wspólnota polityczna w książkach ilustrowanych (ca. 1350 – 1700)Głównym celem artykułu było zbadanie rozumienia pojęcia natio Hungarica, jakie wyłania się z tekstów i obrazów węgierskich książek ilustrowanych. Chronicon pictum (ca. 1358), Chronica Hungarorum Jánosa Thuróczy’ego (Brno, Augsburg, 1488), Mausoleum regum et Ungariae ducum (Norymberga, 1664), Trophaeum domus Estorasianae (Wiedeń, 1700) oraz Clarissimorum Hungariae heroum icones (Wiedeń, 1652) stanowiły punkt wyjścia do analizy wyobrażeń, jakie wspólnota polityczna miała na swój temat oraz jakie starano się jej narzucić przed erą narodowościowotwórczych procesów osiemnastego i dziewiętnastego wieku. Artykuł koncentruje się na formatywnym okresie w dziejach ilustrowanej książki węgierskiej, który przyczynił się do powstania wyobrażeń narodowych opartych na micie etnogenezy, pamięci o przodkach i wspólnej historii, wartościach kulturowych, prawie, zwyczajach, modelach zachowania i autoprezentacji oraz wyobrażeniu ojczyzny. Szeroki, obejmujący trzy i pół wieku zakres chronologiczny studium umożliwił prześledzenie najważniejszych przesunięć znaczeniowych, jakie zachodziły w rozumieniu natio Hungarica między połową czternastego stulecia a siedemnastym wiekiem.
The Buryat-Mongols’ Way of Being and Their National Image of the World
Authors: Boldonova Irina
Published: December 2016

The Buryat-Mongols’ Way of Being and Their National Image of the WorldThe article focuses on the comparison of two main concepts in the national image of the world of the Buryat-Mongols as it applies to their way of being: the Man of the Steppes and the Man of Water and the Woods. The research is based on the theory of the well-known Russian scholar Georgiĭ Gachev, who connects types of landscape and natural environment to national images of the world. Dwelling around Lake Baikal on the one hand, and at flat steppe territories on the other hand is reflected in two alternative ways of living, as well as images of world and forms of imagination. The author of the article analyzes the two variants of identity, which have always been under the influence of certain geographical and climate factors, economic activities, as well as cultural and historic traditions of various Buryat-Mongol ethnic subgroups. Buriacko-mongolska droga życia i narodowy obraz świataArtykuł jest poświęcony komparatystycznej analizie dwóch podstawowych konceptów (hipostaz) buriacko-mongolskiego narodowego obrazu świata: człowiekowi stepów i człowiekowi wody i lasu. Analiza opiera się na teorii znanego rosyjskiego badacza Gieorgija Gaczewa, który postuluje istnienie wzajemnego oddziaływania między obrazami natury i narodowym obrazem świata. Życie wokół jeziora Bajkał z jednej strony i praca w bezkresnym stepie z drugiej znajdują wyraz w tych dwóch podstawowych formach istnienia, światopoglądach i formach wyobraźni. Autorka artykułu analizuje te dwie odmiany tożsamości, które podlegają wpływowi ze strony określonych czynników geograficznych i klimatycznych, aktywności ekonomicznej oraz historyczno-kulturowej tradycji różnych buriacko-mongolskich podgrup etnicznych.
Not Just For Kicks
Authors: Usakiewicz Krzysztof
Published: December 2016

Not Just For KicksThe match-up between Makabi and Inter did not attract many spectators. The weather was likely the only factor at play, since that Saturday in November was extremely nasty. That was because the game was held not in Haifa or even Milan, but in the Warsaw district of Mokotów. To be precise, on a small but well-kept field lined with artificial turf in the so-called Jordan’s Garden. The game, lasting fifty minutes including the break, was not especially fierce, and ended with Inter’s confident victory 5–1. Esej, który uzyskał wyróżnienie (drugie miejsce) w europejskim konkursie młodych badaczy (the Young Academies) w 2014 roku.
The Third Edition of the Inka Brodzka-Wald Award
Authors: Sujecka Jolanta
Published: December 2016

The Third Edition of the Inka Brodzka-Wald AwardOn 16 June 2015, the Academy for the Development of Philanthropy in Poland and the Adam Mickiewicz Literary Society announced the winners of the third edition of the Inka Brodzka-Wald Award for doctoral dissertations in the humanities. The competition was open for theses which concerned present issues and were defended in 2014. Komunikat o rozstrzygnięciu trzeciej edycji Nagrody im. Inki Brodzkiej-Wald za rok 2014.
From the Discipline of the Whole to the Art of Concentration: Revisions of the Eastern and Central European Avant-Gardes: Review
Authors: Boruszkowska Iwona
Published: December 2016

From the Discipline of the Whole to the Art of Concentration: Revisions of the Eastern and Central European Avant-Gardes: ReviewA review of two recent volumes concerning the idea of Central-European avant-garde: Awangarda Środkowej i Wschodniej Europy – Innowacja czy naśladownictwo? Interpretacje, ed. Michalina Kmiecik, Małgorzata Szumna, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2015, 355 pp.; Głuchy brudnopis: Antologia manifestów awangardy Europy Środkowej, ed. Jakub Kornhauser, Kinga Siewior, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2015, 578 pp.  Od dyscypliny całości do sztuki koncentracji: rewizje wchodnio- i środkowoeuropejskiej awangardy; recenzjaRecenzja dwóch niedawno opublikowanych tomów poświęconych środkowoeuropejskiej awangardzie: Awangarda Środkowej i Wschodniej Europy – Innowacja czy naśladownictwo? Interpretacje, red. Michalina Kmiecik, Małgorzata Szumna, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2015, 355 s., oraz Głuchy brudnopis: Antologia manifestów awangardy Europy Środkowej, red. Jakub Kornhauser, Kinga Siewior, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, Kraków 2015, 578 s.
Spatiotemporal Assessment of Drought Related to Soybean Production and Sensitivity Analysis in Northeast China
Authors: Yang XiaoJuan , Liu Yuan , Bai Wei , Liu BuChun
Published: December 2016

Drought is a typical disaster in the main soybean production area of northeast China. The spatiotemporal variations of drought related to soybean production based on a crop water deficit index (CWDI) and sensitivity to meteorological variables were investigated in northeast China using daily meteorological data from 87 weather stations from 1981 to 2010. Statistical analysis revealed that precipitation could not meet the water demands of soybeans during the seedling–branching, filling, and maturing stages, and excessive drought occurred more often in northeast China. The Mann–Kendall test indicated that the soybean CWDI significantly increased during the filling stage. Kriging spatial analysis showed that the most drought-prone area was located in the west of northeast China. Explanations for the spatiotemporal variations of the drought for soybean production were explored in terms of meteorological variables. Statistical analysis showed that the crop evapotranspiration, air temperature, wind speed, and number of sunshine hours were significantly higher and the precipitation and relative humidity were significantly lower in the drought-prone area than in the dry area less prone to droughts. An explored method of sensitive analysis quantitatively revealed that precipitation and humidity negatively affected the CWDI, whereas temperature, wind speed, and number of sunshine hours positively affected the CWDI. The CWDI was most sensitive to precipitation. These results not only provide valuable information for soybean planning and management but also produce important background and physical evidence for the influence of climate on the drought related to soybean production in northeast China.
Assessment of MERRA-2 Land Surface Hydrology Estimates
Authors: Reichle Rolf H. , Draper Clara S. , Liu Q. , Girotto Manuela , Mahanama Sarith P. P. , Koster Randal D. , De Lannoy Gabrielle J. M.
Published: December 2016

The MERRA-2 atmospheric reanalysis product provides global, 1-hourly estimates of land surface conditions for 1980–present at ~50-km resolution. MERRA-2 uses observations-based precipitation to force the land (unlike its predecessor, MERRA). This paper evaluates MERRA-2 and MERRA land hydrology estimates, along with those of the land-only MERRA-Land and ERA-Interim/Land products, which also use observations-based precipitation. Overall, MERRA-2 land hydrology estimates are better than those of MERRA-Land and MERRA. A comparison against GRACE satellite observations of terrestrial water storage demonstrates clear improvements in MERRA-2 over MERRA in South America and Africa but also reflects known errors in the observations used to correct the MERRA-2 precipitation. Validation against in situ measurements from 220–320 stations in North America, Europe, and Australia shows that MERRA-2 and MERRA-Land have the highest surface and root zone soil moisture skill, slightly higher than that of ERA-Interim/Land and higher than that of MERRA (significantly for surface soil moisture). Snow amounts from MERRA-2 have lower bias and correlate better against reference data from the Canadian Meteorological Centre than do those of MERRA-Land and MERRA, with MERRA-2 skill roughly matching that of ERA-Interim/Land. Validation with MODIS satellite observations shows that MERRA-2 has a lower snow cover probability of detection and probability of false detection than MERRA, owing partly to MERRA-2’s lower midwinter, midlatitude snow amounts and partly to MERRA-2’s revised snow depletion curve parameter compared to MERRA. Finally, seasonal anomaly R values against naturalized streamflow measurements in the United States are, on balance, highest for MERRA-2 and ERA-Interim/Land, somewhat lower for MERRA-Land, and lower still for MERRA (significantly in four basins).
Structure and Motion of Severe-Wind-Producing Mesoscale Convective Systems and Derechos in Relation to the Mean Wind
Authors: Campbell Matthew A. , Cohen Ariel E. , Coniglio Michael C. , Dean Andrew R. , Corfidi Stephen F. , Corfidi Sarah J. , Mead Corey M.
Published: December 2016

The goal of this study is to document differences in the convective structure and motion of long-track, severe-wind-producing MCSs from short-track severe-wind-producing MCSs in relation to the mean wind. An ancillary goal is to determine if these differences are large enough that some criterion for MCS motion relative to the mean wind could be used in future definitions of “derechos.” Results confirm past investigations that well-organized MCSs, including those that produce derechos, tend to move faster than the mean wind, exhibiting a significantly larger degree of propagation (component of MCS motion in addition to the component contributed by the mean flow). Furthermore, well-organized systems that produce shorter-track swaths of damaging winds likewise tend to move faster than the mean wind with a significant propagation component along the mean wind. Therefore, propagation in the direction of the mean wind is not necessarily a characteristic that can be used to distinguish derechos from nonderechos. However, there is some indication that long-track damaging wind events that occur without large-scale or persistent bow echoes and mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) require a strong propagation component along the mean wind direction to become long lived. Overall, however, there does not appear to be enough separation in the motion characteristics among the MCS types to warrant the inclusion of a mean-wind criterion into the definition of a derecho at this time.
Ibrutinib inhibits pre-BCR+ B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia progression by targeting BTK and BLK
Authors: Kim Ekaterina , Hurtz Christian , Koehrer Stefan , Wang Zhiqiang , Balasubramanian Sriram , Chang Betty Y. , Müschen Markus , Davis R. Eric , Burger Jan A.
Published: December 2016

Key Points

In B-ALL, cells that express a functional pre-BCR ibrutinib abrogate leukemia cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Effects of ibrutinib in B-ALL not only are mediated through inhibition of BTK but also involve BLK inhibition.
Trying to Understand the PPPs in ICP 2011: Why Are the Results So Different?
Authors: Deaton Angus , Aten Bettina
Published: December 2016

Purchasing power parity exchange rates, or PPPs, are price indexes that summarize prices in each country relative to a numeraire country, typically the United States. These numbers are used to compare living standards across countries, by academics in studies of economic growth, particularly through the Penn World Table, by the World Bank to construct measures of global poverty, by the European Union to redistribute resources, and by the international development community to draw attention to discrepancies between rich and poor countries. The International Comparison Program (ICP) collects the detailed prices on which these indexes are based on an irregular basis. In 2014, the ICP published PPPs from the 2011 round that are sharply different from those that were expected from extrapolation of the previous round, ICP 2005. These discrepancies will eventually have important implications for the Penn World Table, and for international comparisons of living standards given that the PPPs are used to convert countries’ national accounts—GDP and consumption, for example—from local currency to common currency units (international dollars.) The world according to ICP 2011 looks markedly more equal than the world according to ICP 2005. This paper investigates why this happened. We identify a likely source of the problem in the way that the regions of the ICP were linked in 2005. We use two different methods for measuring the size of the effect. Both suggest that the 2005 PPPs for consumption for countries in Asia (excluding Japan), Western Asia, and Africa were overstated relative to the United States by between 18 to 26 percent. Per capita consumption in international dollars of these countries was therefore too low in 2005 and more likely to be accurately estimated in 2011. (JEL E31, F31, I31, I32, O11, O19)
XenopusPiwi proteins interact with a broad proportion of the oocyte transcriptome
Authors: Toombs James A. , Sytnikova Yuliya A. , Chirn Gung-wei , Ang Ignatius , Lau Nelson C. , Blower Michael D.
Published: December 2016

Piwi proteins utilize small RNAs (piRNAs) to recognize target transcripts such as transposable elements (TE). However, extensive piRNA sequence diversity also suggests that Piwi/piRNA complexes interact with many transcripts beyond TEs. To determine Piwi target RNAs, we used ribonucleoprotein-immunoprecipitation (RIP) and cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP) to identify thousands of transcripts associated with the Piwi proteins XIWI and XILI (Piwi-protein-associated transcripts, PATs) from early stage oocytes ofX. laevisandX. tropicalis. Most PATs associate with both XIWI and XILI and include transcripts of developmentally important proteins in oogenesis and embryogenesis. Only a minor fraction of PATs in both frog species displayed near perfect matches to piRNAs. Since predicting imperfect pairing between all piRNAs and target RNAs remains intractable, we instead determined that PAT read counts correlate well with the lengths and expression levels of transcripts, features that have also been observed for oocyte mRNAs associated withDrosophilaPiwi proteins. We used an in vitro assay with exogenous RNA to confirm that XIWI associates with RNAs in a length- and concentration-dependent manner. In this assay, noncoding transcripts with many perfectly matched antisense piRNAs were unstable, whereas coding transcripts with matching piRNAs were stable, consistent with emerging evidence that Piwi proteins both promote the turnover of TEs and other RNAs, and may also regulate mRNA localization and translation. Our study suggests that Piwi proteins play multiple roles in germ cells and establishes a tractable vertebrate system to study the role of Piwi proteins in transcript regulation.
Involvement of fission yeast Pdc2 in RNA degradation and P-body function
Authors: Wang Chun-Yu , Wang Yi-Ting , Hsiao Wan-Yi , Wang Shao-Win
Published: December 2016

In this study we identified Pdc2, the fission yeast ortholog of human Pat1b protein, which forms a complex with Lsm1-7 and plays a role in coupling deadenylation and decapping. The involvement of Pdc2 in RNA degradation and P-body function was also determined. We found that Pdc2 interacts with Dcp2 and is required for decapping in vivo. Although not absolutely essential for P-body assembly, overexpression of Pdc2 enhanced P-body formation even in the absence of Pdc1, the fission yeast functional homolog of human Edc4 protein, indicating that Pdc2 also plays a role in P-body formation. Intriguingly, in the absence of Pdc2, Lsm1 was found to accumulate in the nucleus, suggesting that Pdc2 shuttling between nucleus and cytoplasm plays a role in decreasing the nuclear concentration of Lsm1 to increase Lsm1 in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, unlike other components of P-bodies, the deadenylase Ccr4 did not accumulate in P-bodies in cells growing under favorable conditions and was only recruited to P-bodies after deprivation of glucose in a Pdc2-Lsm1-dependent manner, indicating a function of Pdc2 in cellular response to environmental stress. In supporting this idea, pdc2 mutants are defective in recovery from glucose starvation with a much longer time to re-enter the cell cycle. In keeping with the notion that Pat1 is a nucleocytoplasmic protein, functioning also in the nucleus, we found that Pdc2 physically and genetically interacts with the nuclear 5′–3′ exonuclease Dhp1. A function of Pdc2-Lsm1, in concert with Dhp1, regulating RNA by promoting its decapping/destruction in the nucleus was suggested.
Expression of lectin-like transcript-1 in human tissues
Authors: Llibre Alba , Garner Lucy , Partridge Amy , Freeman Gordon J. , Klenerman Paul , Willberg Chris B.
Published: December 2016

Background:Receptor-ligand pairs of C-type lectin-like proteins have been shown to play an important role in cross talk between lymphocytes, as well as in immune responses within concrete tissues and structures, such as the skin or the germinal centres. The CD161-Lectin-like Transcript 1 (LLT1) pair has gained particular attention in recent years, yet a detailed analysis of LLT1 distribution in human tissue is lacking. One reason for this is the limited availability and poor characterisation of anti-LLT1 antibodies.Methods:We assessed the staining capabilities of a novel anti-LLT1 antibody clone (2H7), both by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, showing its efficiency at LLT1 recognition in both settings. We then analysed LLT1 expression in a wide variety of human tissues.Results:We found LLT1 expression in circulating B cells and monocytes, but not in lung and liver-resident macrophages. We found strikingly high LLT1 expression in immune-privileged sites, such as the brain, placenta and testes, and confirmed the ability of LLT1 to inhibit NK cell function.Conclusions:Overall, this study contributes to the development of efficient tools for the study of LLT1. Moreover, its expression in different healthy human tissues and, particularly, in immune-privileged sites, establishes LLT1 as a good candidate as a regulator of immune responses.
From Ideals to Institutions: Institutional Entrepreneurship and the Growth of Mexican Small Business Finance
Authors: Canales Rodrigo
Published: December 2016

This in-depth, comparative case study of the creation of the small and medium enterprise credit market in Mexico explores the work of actors to craft new organizational practices, as well as the symbols that sustain institutionalization efforts. The study demonstrates that, to craft new institutional practices, individual actors engage in two distinct layers of institutional work. One entails purposefully visible, staged, scripted, and carefully documented work to suspend existing institutions and allow for experimentation as well as to legitimize new practices. The second entails invisible, undocumented work to recruit allies, find resources, experiment with new practices, coordinate strategies of action, and build political toolkits. While visible work—which is the focus of most research on institutional change—was determinant at every stage of the change process because of its symbolic effects, actors spent most of their time and energy on invisible work, which they referred to as “the real work.” The paper shows that every act of visible institutional work was crafted through considerable amounts of invisible institutional work. Since new practices and new symbols were crafted through gradual and iterative processes of experimentation, invisible work includes many failures that remain undocumented. It also includes the work of midlevel, invisible actors who, often, are the real and unreported agents of institutional change. The findings have implications for our understanding of the mechanisms of institutional maintenance and change.
Designing for Deliberative Goal-Based Decision Making in Environments with Rare Adverse Events—An Experimental Study
Authors: Hohnisch Martin , Pittnauer Sabine , Selten Reinhard , Pfingsten Andreas
Published: December 2016

In a laboratory experiment involving a complex multiperiod investment problem beset by rare adverse events, we investigated the effectiveness of a decision process intervention that involved decisions being elicited as a comprehensive system of short-term targets on three preset intermediate goal dimensions. Recent experiments have demonstrated that in such an environment, participants tend to gradually increase their exposure to risk prior to the occurrence of the first adverse event, a tendency that has been attributed to a misleading evaluation of short-term outcomes. The principle of inhibition of goal-related content following goal attainment and a heuristic model of aspiration adaptation independently predict that the formation of a comprehensive intermediate goal system will produce a stable trade-off between safety and short-term profit. We tested this hypothesis by comparing the decisions of participants required to form such targets with those of a control group allocating resources directly. Our main findings are that this intervention attenuated, if not fully removed, the tendency to increase risk exposure over time and that it improved performance. Our results serve to argue that the designability of decision procedures constitutes a degree of freedom in economic design that can be used to improve how individuals and organizations cope with complexity.
Status Reinforcement in Emerging Economies: The Psychological Experience of Local Candidates Striving for Global Employment
Authors: Al Dabbagh May , Bowles Hannah Riley , Thomason Bobbi
Published: December 2016

In this paper, we explore the psychological experience of university-educated local workers from emerging economies striving to enter the global job market for managerial positions. Building on qualitative data from sub-Saharan Africa and the Arab Gulf, we conducted two experimental studies in the Arab Gulf to test whether local job candidates feel inhibited to self-advocate for higher compensation in global employment contexts and whether they believe that such negotiating behavior is less appropriate in global than in local work contexts. We theorize that shifting from local to global employment contexts, university-educated locals experience a decline in their status as workers because of a perceived lack of fit with the cosmopolitan “ideal worker.” We find that the contrasting global and local labor-market experiences of local job candidates are moderated by gender because local men experience a greater shift in status between local and global employment contexts than do women. This research contributes to the study of status and gender effects on negotiation by illuminating differential constraints of status and gender on negotiating behavior. This research also has important practical implications for the integration and advancement of workers from emerging economies into global institutions and for our broader understanding of how intersecting status-linked social identities influence career negotiations.
Do Good Times Breed Cheats? Prosperous Times Have Immediate and Lasting Implications for CEO Misconduct
Authors: Bianchi Emily C. , Mohliver Aharon
Published: December 2016

We examine whether prosperous economic times have both immediate and lasting implications for corporate misconduct among chief executive officers (CEOs). Drawing on research suggesting that prosperous times are associated with excessive risk-taking, overconfidence, and more opportunities to cheat, we first propose that CEOs will be more likely to engage in corporate misconduct during good economic times. Next, we propose that CEOs who begin their careers in prosperous times will be more likely to engage in self-serving corporate misconduct later in their careers. We tested these hypotheses by assembling a large data set of American CEOs and following their stock option reporting patterns between 1996 and 2005. We found that in good economic times, CEOs were more likely to backdate their stock options grants. Moreover, CEOs who began their careers in prosperous times were more likely to backdate stock option grants later in their careers. These findings suggest that the state of the economy can influence current ethical behavior and leave a lasting imprint on the moral proclivities of new workforce entrants.
PERCEPÇÃO DA CONDIÇÃO BUCAL DE PACIENTES ONCOLÓGICOS EM UMA UNIDADE DE ALTA COMPLEXIDADE EM FEIRA DE SANTANA- BA
Authors: Coelho Julita Maria Freitas , Santos Bruna Matos , Miranda Samilly Silva , Porto Edla Carvalho , Monção Maurício Mitsuo , Silva Caroline Santos , Bastos Michelly , Lima Larissa
Published: December 2016

O câncer é um agravo de caráter multicausal e que envolve sofrimento psíquico e alterações comportamentais e bucais importantes, as quais podem comprometer a adesão e/ou sequência do tratamento. O objetivo desse estudo foi identificar a percepção do cuidado bucal (PCB) de pessoas com câncer, em presença ou não de transtornos psíquicos menores (TPM). Foi realizado um estudo transversal com 285 indivíduos atendidos em uma unidade de alta complexidade para tratamento da doença.  Foram levantados dados socioeconômicos, de biologia humana, de percepção da saúde bucal, além de ter sido investigada a relação de TPM com a percepção da saúde bucal dos participantes. A maioria da amostra foi composta por pessoas idosas, com média de idade de aproximadamente 60,77±14,79 anos, do sexo feminino (60,70%) e de cor não branca (82,68%). Quanto a percepção de saúde bucal, 42,15% referiu visitas regulares ao dentista do grupo com TPM. Foi observado ainda, uma pior condição em cuidados bucais nos indivíduos com esta condição, embora não se tenha detectado diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Os resultados podem servir de subsídios para futuras investigações, visto que sinaliza que a presença de TPM pode prejudica os cuidados individuais com a saúde bucal e que provavelmente piores condições nos cuidados bucais podem interferir no tratamento do câncer.
PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DAS MUCOSITES ORAIS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Miranda Samilly Silva , Queiroz Laís Ramos , Freitas Valéria Souza
Published: December 2016

A proposta deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura, sobre mucosite oral (MO) em pacientes submetidos à radioterapia e quimioterapia para tratamento de tumores na região de cabeça e pescoço, de modo a levantar evidências científicas sobre prevenção e tratamento destas complicações. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram baseados nas recomendações da Cochrane Collaboration. Após a realização da busca nas bases de dados, obteve-se 3203 artigos, destes, 22 foram selecionados. Sete reportaram a terapia com Laser, três artigos avaliaram o uso do Mel, dois sobre o uso de Palifermin®, além de estudos sobre o Actovegin® endovenoso, enxaguatórios bucais a base de calêndula, fenilbutirato, clorexidina e cloreto de cetil-piridino. Outros abordaram o uso da radioterapia pela manhã, a crioterapia, o suco de aloe vera, o papel do Lactobacillus Brevis, do maleato de irsogladina e do fator de crescimento epidérmico. Os resultados obtidos nesta investigação apontam que a terapia com laser de baixa potência ainda é a mais indicada na prevenção e tratamento da mucosite oral. Entretanto, ainda é necessária a continuidade dos estudos que visam responder à temática, visto que, quanto maior for o esforço nessa área, maiores serão as chances de reduzir o número de indivíduos acometidos pela MO.
IMPACTO DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DAS EQUIPES DE SAÚDE BUCAL NA ESTRATÉGIA SAÚDE DA FAMÍLIA EM DOIS MUNICÍPIOS DO ESTADO DA BAHIA
Authors: Barros Sandra Garrido , Cangussu Maria Cristina Teixeira , Cruz Denise Nogueira , Silva Larissa Oliveira Ramos , Roncalli Angelo Giuseppe
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) sobre utilização de serviços e morbidade referida em saúde bucal em dois municípios com mais de 100.000 habitantes. Métodos: Estudo observacional, de base populacional e arquitetura transversal que entrevistou 1.652 famílias de 22 setores censitários no município A e 1.371 famílias em 20 setores no município B. Resultados: Em A, verificou-se maior necessidade de tratamento em áreas não cobertas e maior utilização de serviços nas áreas cobertas, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes para todas variáveis. A prevalência de dor de dente não apresentou diferença entre os grupos (RP=0,99; IC95% 0,96-1,03). A cobertura de tratamento foi maior em áreas cobertas (RP=0,65; IC95% 0,59-0,72). O maior acesso a informações em saúde bucal nessas áreas (RP=0,59; IC95% 0,56-0,62) pode ter interferido na identificação de problemas pela população, resultando em prevalências mais elevadas. Em B, verificou-se menor necessidade de tratamento em áreas não cobertas (RP=0,91; IC95% 0,86-0,96) e menor utilização dos serviços nas áreas cobertas, com diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Conclusão: A implantação de ESB/ESF significou uma ampliação da utilização dos serviços, entretanto, o uso de medidas de morbidade referida não revelou impacto sobre as condições de saúde bucal da população, sendo necessário o uso de indicadores mais sensíveis.
AVALIAÇÃO DA AROEIRA (SCHINUS TEREBINTHIFOLIUS RADDI) NO TRATAMENTO DA MUCOSITE ORAL INDUZIDA PELA RADIOTERAPIA EXCLUSIVA OU ASSOCIADA À QUIMIOTERAPIA: ESTUDO PILOTO
Authors: Silva Daniella Santos Marinho de Almeida , Reis Jéssica de Jesus , Brandão Hugo Neves , Neves Maiane dos Santos , Branco Carla Rodrigues Cardoso , Andrade Ana Paula Eufrázio do Nascimento , Oliveira Márcio Campos
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: Avaliar o uso da Aroeira no tratamento da mucosite oral induzida pela radioterapia exclusiva ou associada à quimioterapia em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço. Método: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico controlado, randomizado e duplo-cego, onde doze indivíduos foram alocados em dois grupos: intervenção e controle e orientados a aplicar a pomada três vezes por dia. A avaliação diária do grau da mucosite e da nota da dor referida pelo paciente permitiram observar a regressão ou não da sua manifestação. Foram também aplicados formulários referentes à situação clínica, sociodemográfica e de higiene bucal dos participantes. Uma análise descritiva dos dados foi realizada. Resultados: No grupo controle, 50% (3) dos participantes apresentaram regressão do grau de mucosite; já no grupo de intervenção 17% (1). Em relação a nota da dor, 83% do grupo placebo relatou regressão e 50% do grupo intervenção. Conclusões: Neste estudo o uso da aroeira não mostrou-se eficaz no tratamento da mucosite, em relação ao uso do placebo. por outro lado apresentou uma porcentagem significativa de redução da nota da dor. Devido às limitações do estudo não se pode comprovar o efeito fitoterápico da aroeira neste tipo de abordagem.
Beyond Islamophobia and Islamophilia as Western Epistemic Racisms: Revisiting Runnymede Trust's Definition in a World-History Context
Authors: Mohammad H. Tamdgidi
Published: December 2016

The media have become obsessed with something called “Islam,” which in their voguish lexicon has acquired only two meanings, both of them unacceptable and impoverishing. On the one hand, “Islam” represents the threat of a resurgent atavism, which suggests not only the menace of a return to the Middle Ages but the destruction of what Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan calls the democratic order in the Western world. On the other hand, “Islam” is made to stand for a defensive counterresponse to this first image of Islam as threat, especially when, for geopolitical reasons, “good” Moslems like the Saudi Arabians or the Afghan Moslem “freedom fighters” against the Soviet Union are in question. … But rejection alone does not take one very far, since if we are to claim, as we must, that as a religion and as a civilization Islam does have a meaning very much beyond either of the two currently given it, we must first be able to provide something in the way of a space in which to speak of Islam. Those who wish either to rebut the standard anti-Islamic and anti-Arab rhetoric that dominates the media and liberal intellectual discourse, or to avoid the idealization of Islam (to say nothing of its sentimentalization), find themselves with scarcely a place to stand on, much less a place in which to move freely. (Said, 1980:488)
National Entry-Exit Registration System: Arabs, Muslims, and Southeast Asians and Post-9/11 “Security Measures”
Authors: Hatem Bazian
Published: December 2016

“In the hours and days immediately following [the September 11] attacks, Attorney General John Ashcroft … directed that FBI and INS agents question anyone they could find with a Muslim-sounding name … in some areas … they simply looked for names in the phone book … … Anyone who could be held, even on a minor violation of law or immigration rules, was held under a three-pronged strategy, fashioned by Ashcroft and a close circle of Justice Department deputies including criminal division chief at the time Michael Chertoff, that was intended to exert maximum pressure on these detainees …” (From a summary of Ashcroft strategy sessions contained, in further detail, in Steven Brill's After: How America Confronted the September 12 Era)”
Reading Power: Muslims in the War on Terror Discourse
Authors: Dr. Uzma Jamil
Published: December 2016

This paper analyzes the relationship between Muslims and the west defined at a particular moment in post 9/11 America and the war on terror context through a conversation in the novel The Submission (2011) by Amy Waldman. It critiques the construction of knowledge about Muslims and how this knowledge functions as part of a hegemonic discourse of Orientalism. The novel is about a public competition for an architectural design for a memorial marking the site of the World Trade Centre attacks in New York City. Khan is the architect who wins the competition through a blind selection process. But when his identity is revealed, public controversy erupts. Claire, the other protagonist in this encounter, is a white woman with two children, widowed in the 9/11 attacks. She is also a member of the selection committee. While Claire's assumptions denote western, hegemonic representations that define Muslims in narrow ways, Khan's responses represent a critique of this Orientalist construction, as well as indicating how it can be reshaped, with all the tension that this process provokes. This fictional encounter offers an opportunity to reflect on decolonial possibilities in the ‘real life’ encounter between Muslims and the west in the war on terror context.
“Ex-Muslims,” Bible Prophecy, and Islamophobia: Rhetoric and Reality in the Narratives of Walid Shoebat, Kamal Saleem, Ergun and Emir Caner
Authors: Christopher Cameron Smith
Published: December 2016

The connection between Christian dispensationalism (“rapture” theology) and anti-Muslim sentiments is an understudied topic often missing from the scholarship on Islamophobia. This
paper is an attempt to fill this gap by focusing on the problematic narratives of four prominent “ex-Muslim” converts to Christianity: Walid Shoebat, Kamal Saleem, Ergun and Emir
Caner. I argue that these men have used their Middle Eastern heritages to coax the public into believing that they are former terrorists in order to sell books, demonize Islam, and
promote their particular interpretation of Christianity.
Muslims in Canada: Collective Identities, Attitudes of Otherment and Canadian Muslim Perspectives on Radicalism
Authors: Erin Geneva MacDonald
Published: December 2016

This paper is based on a larger Master of Arts thesis that explores the collective identity of Muslims in Canada, and how their experiences as part of a religious minority have shaped their collective identity. It also explores attitudes of otherment, out-group suspicion, and how disenfranchisement among certain individuals may result in a distortion of the Islamic religion. For the purposes of this paper the following will be explored: perceptions of the efforts of the Canadian state to integrate Muslims, the existence of Islamophobia among Canadians in general, and the potential disenfranchisement and vulnerability of Muslim youth to radicalization. The collaborative role that Muslims must take alongside agents of the Canadian state (i.e., Canadian police forces) in order to prevent radicalism is also examined. The research relies primarily on in-depth interviews with five individual Muslims of various ages and backgrounds who were born in Canada as second-generation immigrants and have become Canadian citizens. Their opinions on the role of the Muslim community in preventing radicalism in the Canadian context are explored and contextualized.
Countering Violent Extremism: Islamophobia, the Department of Justice and American Islamic Organizations
Authors: Amber Michel
Published: December 2016

In September 2014, United States Attorney General Eric Holder announced that a new counterterrorism initiative, Countering Violent Extremism (CVE), would be tested in three pilot cities across the US. Minneapolis, Minnesota is one of the three pilot cities for the new CVE initiative and is home to the largest Somali immigrant population in the world as well as a very large and diverse multi-ethnic Muslim community. Since 2008, when several young Somali-American Muslims left the US to participate in armed operations in Somalia, the community has suffered in an environment of extreme suspicion and distrust.

The surveillance of Muslim-Americans as a key component of American counterterrorism efforts has been the subject of both legal and academic analysis. Reports of spying, infiltration, and harassment have become commonplace in recent years. While these reports are often accompanied by challenges to the legality of the programs used to collect information, very little if any scholarship exists on how American Islamic organizations respond to this intense level of policing.

This research project examines the narrative generated by Muslim organizations in Minnesota, in response to heightened counterterrorism initiatives – particularly CVE – to assess the impact of counterterrorism programs on American Islamic organizations and to highlight the role of Islamophobia as it informs various aspects of such initiatives.

Initial findings suggest the presence of an accommodationist narrative among several organizations, but further investigation is required to explore the questions that raises. For example: How prevalent is that narrative? Is it indicative of a shift in organizational values? Is it an organizational strategy to appease law enforcement while allowing “genuine” work to continue unhampered?
Islamophobia and Law Enforcement in a Post 9/11 World
Authors: Emily Dubosh  , Mixalis Poulakis  , Nour Abdelghani
Published: December 2016

This study investigated the personal beliefs and attitudes of law enforcement officers toward Muslims and Islam. A consensual qualitative research method analysis (Hill) was performed on data gathered from semi-structured interviews with twelve police officers in training. Qualitative themes emerged from the cross analysis of participant interviews. Nearly all participants endorsed having personally or professionally interacted with Muslims, having previously referred to Muslims as foreigners (un-American others, or belonging to a ethnic/racial group), and expressed willingness and interest in learning more about Muslim culture in order to better serve their communities. Additional typical and variant themes were also found through analysis of the interviews. Study implications, limitations and directions for future research are discussed.
Losing grasp over the global financial system: the retreat of the North vs. the advance of the South
Authors: Sotiris Petropoulos
Published: December 2016

During the past decade the world has witnessed an unprecedented rise of emerging powers across the developing world. This development, accelerated by the recent global financial crisis, has led to a gradual increase of emerging powers involvement in international governance structures. Unlike the past, when the economic rise of new players such as Japan and the European Union (EU) somewhat challenged the American economic supremacy but did not alter much in the global landscape, the new wave of challengers seem to have the capabilities not only to change the balance within global governance structures but can also potentially shift the very structures themselves. To this end, emerging powers seem to increase their pressure over reform processes through their coordination as well as the institutionalization of alternatives to existing global and regional governance structures that fit more to their understanding of the world.
Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers for Myocardial Infarction Risk: A Prospective Community-Based Study
Authors: Wu Zhijun , Huang Zhe , Jin Wei , Rimm Eric B , Lichtenstein Alice H , Kris-Etherton Penny M , Wu Shouling , Gao Xiang
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND

Most previous studies regarding chronic inflammation and risk of myocardial infarction (MI) have lacked repeated measures of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and/or white blood cell (WBC) count over time. We examined whether cumulative average and longitudinal changes in these biomarkers were associated with subsequent MI risk.

METHODS

In this prospective, community-based study, we included 82544 Chinese participants [66796 men and 15748 women; mean (SD) age 55.1 (9.86) y] without prior cardiovascular diseases or cancer at baseline (2006–2007). hs-CRP, WBC and other clinical covariates were assessed at baseline and every 2 years during follow-up.

RESULTS

During 6 years of follow-up (2006–2012), we documented 714 incident MI cases. Higher baseline and cumulative average concentrations of hs-CRP and/or WBC were consistently associated with increased risk of MI (Ptrend <0.001 for both). Longitudinal increase in hs-CRP (Ptrend <0.001), but not WBC, was also associated with a higher future risk of MI, after adjustment for their baseline values and other covariates. Each 1-mg/L increment per year in hs-CRP was associated with a 9.3% increase in risk for future MI [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.09, 95% CI, 1.03; 1.17]. Participants with high-grade inflammatory status (hs-CRP ≥10 mg/L and WBC ≥10 × 109/L) had a higher risk of MI occurring <3 months after hs-CRP/WBC assessments vs those with hs-CRP <0.5 mg/L and WBC <5 × 109/L (HR = 6.64; 95% CI, 1.49–29.6), as compared with MI occurring ≥4 years (HR = 2.95; 95% CI, 0.90, 9.65).

CONCLUSIONS

Plasma hs-CRP concentration and WBC predicted MI risk. Longitudinal increase in hs-CRP was also associated with a higher risk of MI.
Emotional, behavioral and social difficulties among children with type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: S Ahmed Eman , M. M. Monazea Eman , E Abdel- El Naser Amera , A M Kotb Safaa
Published: December 2016

Background: Children and adolescents with diabetes are at a greater risk for emotional and behavioral problems.Aim of the study was to assess behavioral, emotional and social difficulties of diabetic children and examine the association of these difficulties with demographic and disease related variables.Subjects and method: A cross sectional study of 423 diabetic children attended Sidy Galal health insurance outpatient clinic in Assuit city – Egypt was conducted. A similar number of healthy children matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status were included in the study as a control group used for comparison. Strength and Difficulty Questionnaire (SDQ) was used as a screening tool. The SDQ is a screening instrument consisting of five separate 5-item subscales for emotional symptoms, conduct problems, hyperactivity-inattention, peer problems, and prosocial behavior.Results: Most of diabetic children (92.9%) were in the abnormal group of the total score compared to 20.6% of the controls. In all SDQ subscales except prosocial, diabetic children had significantly higher percentages of abnormal indices than in controls (p value <0.001). Emotional, hyperactivity and conduct problems were significantly associated with age and sex of the child. Prolonged duration of illness was significantly associated with peer relationship problems. Glycemic control was not a significant risk factor for any problem.Conclusion: Many of diabetic children had behavioral and psychosocial problems. Age and sex of the child and duration of the disease were important determinants for these problems.Recommendation: Diabetic children need to be screened by psychologist and social worker to identify and manage any behavioral or emotional problems.
Obstáculos presentes en Modelación Matemática. Caso Ecuaciones Diferenciales en la formación de Ingenieros - Obstacles present in Mathematical Modeling. Case Differential Equations in the Training of Engineers
Authors: Plaza-Galvez Luis Fernando
Published: December 2016

Con la Modelación Matemática se pueden describir y predecir algunos problemas asociados al medio ambiente, sistemas físicos y mejorar los procesos de ingeniería. Este análisis puede hacerse con ayuda de Ecuaciones Diferenciales mediante la observación de dichos fenómenos. Cuando se desea enseñar Modelación Matemática, a partir  de Ecuaciones Diferenciales como herramienta en la formación de ingenieros, tanto el docente como el alumno respectivos se enfrentan a algunos obstáculos tales como: Cognitivos, Epistemológicos, Didácticos, que pueden presentar dificultades en las actividades diseñadas para tal fin. Por medio de este trabajo se desea identificar algunos de estos obstáculos, mediante análisis cualitativo, usando la técnica de la Teoría Fundamentada, al hacer modelación con estudiantes de Ingeniería, adscritos a un curso de Ecuaciones Diferenciales en la Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca.