bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Infant egg consumption during introduction to solid food remains low in the United Kingdom but increases with infant age and a baby‐led weaning approach
Authors: Rowan Hannah , Brown Amy
Published: January 2023

Background

As a nutritious food‐providing protein, essential fatty acids, vitamin D, iodine and choline eggs have historically been central to an infant weaning diet. However, food poisoning scares and allergy concerns have contributed to low consumption among infants aged 6–12 months.

Methods

This paper presents a secondary data analysis of infant egg exposure and intake using three weaning data sets: a 7‐day food frequency questionnaire (n = 297), a 24‐h recall (n = 180) and a 3‐day weighed food diary (n = 71). Egg introduction, frequency of consumption and intake in grams were analysed for infants aged 6–8, 9–10 and 11–12 months). Comparisons were made by whether infants were following a baby‐led approach to weaning (where infants self‐feed family foods) or a traditional approach where pureed foods are given alongside finger foods. Data were collected in the United Kingdom between 2015 and 2018.

Results

Our data showed that despite introduction being recommended from the start of weaning at 6 months of age by the Department of Health, just 54% of infants aged 6–8 months had ever been offered eggs. Average egg intake was one to two times per week, increasing with age. However, in terms of frequency and grams consumed, our data suggest a small increase in consumption compared with previous research, although limitations of our smaller sample size should be noted. Finally, a baby‐led approach was associated with increased exposure and consumption; baby‐led infants consumed eggs twice as frequently as spoon‐fed infants.

Conclusions

The findings have important implications for public health messaging and for supporting families in introducing solid foods.
INF2 mutations in patients with a broad phenotypic spectrum of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Authors: Park Jin Hee , Kwon Hye Mi , Nam Da Eun , Kim Hye Jin , Nam Soo Hyun , Kim Sang Beom , Choi Byung‐Ok , Chung Ki Wha
Published: January 2023

Mutations in INF2 are associated with the complex symptoms of Charcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). To date, more than 100 and 30 genes have been reported to cause these disorders, respectively. This study aimed to identify INF2 mutations in Korean patients with CMT. This study was conducted with 743 Korean families with CMT who were negative for PMP22 duplication. In addition, a family with FSGS was included in this study. INF2 mutations were screened using whole exome sequencing (WES) and filtering processes. As the results, four pathogenic INF2 mutations were identified in families with different clinical phenotypes: p.L78P and p.L132P in families with symptoms of both CMT and FSGS; p.C104Y in a family with CMT; and p.R218Q in a family with FSGS. Moreover, different CMT types were observed in families with CMT symptoms: CMT1 in two families and Int‐CMT in another family. Hearing loss was observed in two families with CMT1. Pathogenicity was predicted by in silico analyses, and considerable conformational changes were predicted in the mutant proteins. Two mutations (p.L78P and p.C104Y) were unreported, and three families showed de novo mutations that were putatively occurred from fathers. This study suggests that patients with INF2 mutations show a broad phenotypic spectrum: CMT1, CMT1 + FSGS, CMTDIE + FSGS, and FSGS. Therefore, the genotype‐phenotype correlation may be more complex than previously recognized. We believe that this study expands the clinical spectrum of patients with INF2 mutations and will be helpful in the molecular diagnosis of CMT and FSGS.
Creating something new from past experiences—The meaning of change in repeated narratives
Authors: Järdmo Caroline , Eriksson Py Liv , Malm Ida , McLean Kate C. , Frisén Ann
Published: January 2023

Objective

Narrative identity is an essential level of personality, and to develop, the life narrative should entail both stability and change. In this study, we examine the meaning of change in repeated narratives about occupational experiences.

Method

Fifty‐nine individuals were interviewed at age 25, 29, and 33. In these interviews 544 narratives and 142 sets of repeated narratives were identified, of these 39 sets of repeated narratives had changed between interviews. A thematic narrative analysis was conducted focusing on the meaning of change in repeated narratives.

Results

The analysis resulted in five narrative themes: Gaining insights about one's identity, transforming views of past challenges, increasing agency, increasing motivation for occupational commitments, and accentuating competence and importance. In the context of occupational experiences, the results from the narrative themes illuminate how narrators repeatedly engage with the same narrative to elaborate their narrative identity.

Conclusion

This study presents a novel method for capturing identity development, which show that changes in repeated narratives can entail important information about identity growth as well as the way narrators create new stories of their previous experiences in order to continue to make sense of their lives.
What is social structural explanation? A causal account
Authors: Ross Lauren N.
Published: January 2023

Social scientists appeal to various “structures” in their explanations including public policies, economic systems, and social hierarchies. Significant debate surrounds the explanatory relevance of these factors for various outcomes such as health, behavioral, and economic patterns. This paper provides a causal account of social structural explanation that is motivated by Haslanger (2016). This account suggests that social structure can be explanatory in virtue of operating as a causal constraint, which is a causal factor with unique characteristics. A novel causal framework is provided for understanding these explanations–this framework addresses puzzles regarding the mysterious causal influence of social structure, how to understand its relation to individual choice, and what makes it the main explanatory (and causally responsible) factor for various outcomes.
Exploring the metabolic basis of growth/defense trade‐offs in complex environments with Nicotiana attenuata plants cosilenced in NaMYC2a/b expression
Authors: Yang Caiqiong , Bai Yuechen , Halitschke Rayko , Gase Klaus , Baldwin Gundega , Baldwin Ian T.
Published: January 2023

In response to challenges from herbivores and competitors, plants use fitness‐limiting resources to produce (auto)toxic defenses. Jasmonate signaling, mediated by MYC2 transcription factors (TF), is thought to reconfigure metabolism to minimize these formal costs of defense and optimize fitness in complex environments.

To study the context‐dependence of this metabolic reconfiguration, we cosilenced NaMYC2a/b by RNAi in Nicotiana attenuata and phenotyped plants in the field and increasingly realistic glasshouse setups with competitors and mobile herbivores.

NaMYC2a/b had normal phytohormonal responses, and higher growth and fitness in herbivore‐reduced environments, but were devastated in high herbivore‐load environments in the field due to diminished accumulations of specialized metabolites. In setups with competitors and mobile herbivores, irMYC2a/b plants had lower fitness than empty vector (EV) in single‐genotype setups but increased fitness in mixed‐genotype setups. Correlational analyses of metabolic, resistance, and growth traits revealed the expected defense/growth associations for most sectors of primary and specialized metabolism. Notable exceptions were some HGL‐DTGs and phenolamides that differed between single‐genotype and mixed‐genotype setups, consistent with expectations of a blurred functional trichotomy of metabolites.

MYC2 TFs mediate the reconfiguration of primary and specialized metabolic sectors to allow plants to optimize their fitness in complex environments.
Local auxin biosynthesis regulates brace root angle and lodging resistance in maize
Authors: Zheng Zhigang , Wang Baobao , Zhuo Chuyun , Xie Yurong , Zhang Xiaoming , Liu Yanjun , Zhang Guisen , Ding Hui , Zhao Binbin , Tian Manqing , Xu Miaoyun , Kong Dexin , Shen Rongxin , Liu Qing , Wu Guangxia , Huang Junfei , Wang Haiyang
Published: January 2023

Root lodging poses a major threat to maize production, resulting in reduced grain yield and quality, and increased harvest costs.

Here, we combined expressional, genetic, and cytological studies to demonstrate a role of ZmYUC2 and ZmYUC4 in regulating gravitropic response of the brace root and lodging resistance in maize.

We show that both ZmYUC2 and ZmYUC4 are preferentially expressed in root tips with partially overlapping expression patterns, and the protein products of ZmYUC2 and ZmYUC4 are localized in the cytoplasm and endoplasmic reticulum, respectively. The Zmyuc4 single mutant and Zmyuc2/4 double mutant exhibit enlarged brace root angle compared with the wild‐type plants, with larger brace root angle being observed in the Zmyuc2/4 double mutant. Consistently, the brace root tips of the Zmyuc4 single mutant and Zmyuc2/4 double mutant accumulate less auxin and are defective in proper reallocation of auxin in response to gravi‐stimuli. Furthermore, we show that the Zmyuc4 single mutant and the Zmyuc2/4 double mutant display obviously enhanced root lodging resistance.

Our combined results demonstrate that ZmYUC2‐ and ZmYUC4‐mediated local auxin biosynthesis is required for normal gravity response of the brace roots and provide effective targets for breeding root lodging resistant maize cultivars.
La economía comunal en Venezuela desde la óptica de la economía solidaria: una aproximación etnográfica a las comunas
Authors: Uharte Luis Miguel
Published: January 2023

Desde 2010 en adelante, la economía comunal en Venezuela se ha convertido en un laboratorio muy fértil para intentar promover lógicas económicas alternativas. A partir de algunos de los principios básicos de la Economía Solidaria, este artículo pretende indagar acerca de las potencialidades de cambio que tienen las comunas en el país, analizando concretamente tres dimensiones: las dinámicas de democracia directa, los procesos de sostenibilidad y reproducción de la vida y, el grado de autonomía respecto al Estado. La investigación se centra en un estudio de caso, la Comuna «El Panal 2021», situada en el barrio «23 de Enero» en Caracas, donde se ha realizado una investigación de corte etnográfico de 2014 a 2019.
Padres helicóptero, hijos Blancanieves: La problematización de los usos digitales de los jóvenes entre profesionales de la educación
Authors: Gutiérrez Pérez Bárbara Mariana , Cosmina Budian Raluca , Serrate González Sara , Dacosta Arsenio
Published: January 2023

A partir de entrevistas realizadas a profesores y educadores de distintas provincias españolas, este artículo pretende explorar su percepción del riesgo en torno a las relaciones sociales tejidas por los jóvenes, tanto a través de Internet como, fundamentalmente, las redes sociales. De forma más específica, analizamos cómo estos profesionales perciben determinados problemas que afectan no solo a la formación académica de los jóvenes sino también a su conformación como individuos, a la gestión de sus relaciones sociales y a su vida en comunidad, más concretamente, la educativa. Igualmente, se hace referencia a cómo perciben el rol que desarrollan las familias ante estos riesgos y el grado de colaboración entre las familias y el centro educativo. Nuestro enfoque es multisituado y persigue desvelar el bagaje experiencial de los entrevistados como observadores privilegiados que son de las prácticas sociales digitales y sus efectos entre los jóvenes con los que se relacionan y conviven diariamente en entornos educativos.
A flexoelectricity-enabled ultrahigh piezoelectric effect of a polymeric composite foam as a strain-gradient electric generator
Authors: Yan Dongze , Wang Jianxiang , Xiang Jinwu , Xing Yufeng , Shao Li-Hua
Published: January 2023

All dielectric materials including ceramics, semiconductors, biomaterials, and polymers have the property of flexoelectricity, which opens a fertile avenue to sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting by a broad range of materials. However, the flexoelectricity of solids is weak at the macroscale. Here, we achieve an ultrahigh flexoelectric effect via a composite foam based on PDMS and CCTO nanoparticles. The mass- and deformability-specific flexoelectricity of the foam exceeds 10,000 times that of the solid matrix under compression, yielding a density-specific equivalent piezoelectric coefficient 120 times that of PZT. The flexoelectricity output remains stable in 1,000,000 deformation cycles, and a portable sample can power LEDs and charge mobile phones and Bluetooth headsets. Our work provides a route to exploiting flexible and light-weight materials with highly sensitive omnidirectional electromechanical coupling that have applications in sensing, actuation, and scalable energy harvesting.
Structural basis for recruitment of host CypA and E3 ubiquitin ligase by maedi-visna virus Vif
Authors: Hu Yingxia , Gudnadóttir Ragna B. , Knecht Kirsten M. , Arizaga Fidel , Jónsson Stefán R. , Xiong Yong
Published: January 2023

Lentiviral Vif molecules target the host antiviral APOBEC3 proteins for destruction in cellular ubiquitin-proteasome pathways. Different lentiviral Vifs have evolved to use the same canonical E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, along with distinct noncanonical host cofactors for their activities. Unlike primate lentiviral Vif, which recruits CBFβ as the noncanonical cofactor, nonprimate lentiviral Vif proteins have developed different cofactor recruitment mechanisms. Maedi-visna virus (MVV) sequesters CypA as the noncanonical cofactor for the Vif-mediated ubiquitination of ovine APOBEC3s. Here, we report the cryo–electron microscopy structure of MVV Vif in complex with CypA and E3 ligase components. The structure, along with our biochemical and functional analysis, reveals both conserved and unique structural elements of MVV Vif and its common and distinct interaction modes with various cognate cellular proteins, providing a further understanding of the evolutionary relationship between lentiviral Vifs and the molecular mechanisms by which they capture different host cofactors for immune evasion activities.
Autonomous discovery of emergent morphologies in directed self-assembly of block copolymer blends
Authors: Doerk Gregory S. , Stein Aaron , Bae Suwon , Noack Marcus M. , Fukuto Masafumi , Yager Kevin G.
Published: January 2023

The directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs) is a powerful approach to fabricate complex nanostructure arrays, but finding morphologies that emerge with changes in polymer architecture, composition, or assembly constraints remains daunting because of the increased dimensionality of the DSA design space. Here, we demonstrate machine-guided discovery of emergent morphologies from a cylinder/lamellae BCP blend directed by a chemical grating template, conducted without direct human intervention on a synchrotron x-ray scattering beamline. This approach maps the morphology-template phase space in a fraction of the time required by manual characterization and highlights regions deserving more detailed investigation. These studies reveal localized, template-directed partitioning of coexisting lamella- and cylinder-like subdomains at the template period length scale, manifesting as previously unknown morphologies such as aligned alternating subdomains, bilayers, or a “ladder” morphology. This work underscores the pivotal role that autonomous characterization can play in advancing the paradigm of DSA.
In Other Journals
Authors: Osborne Ian S. , Simonti Corinne , Seale Maddy , Vignieri Sacha , Ash Caroline , Smith H. Jesse , Stajic Jelena
Published: January 2023

Editors’ selections from the current scientific literature
Lifting the veil
Authors: Savitsky Zack
Published: January 2023

Alien planets are shrouded in hazes that hide clues to their makeup. Lab experiments could help clear the view
Tracing Slow Phenoptosis to the Prenatal Stage in Social Vertebrates
Authors: Leake David W.
Published: January 2023

Vladimir Skulachev’s coining of the term “phenoptosis” 25 years ago (Skulachev, V. P., Biochemistry (Moscow), 62, 1997) highlighted the theoretical possibility that aging is a programmed process to speed the exit of individuals posing some danger to their social group. While rapid “acute phenoptosis” might occur at any age (e.g., to prevent spread of deadly infections), “slow phenoptosis” is generally considered to occur later in life in the form of chronic age-related disorders. However, recent research indicates that risks for such chronic disorders can be greatly raised by early life adversity, especially during the prenatal stage. Much of this research uses indicators of biological aging, the speeding or slowing of natural physiological deterioration in response to environmental inputs, leading to divergence from chronological age. Studies using biological aging indicators commonly find it is accelerated not only in older individuals with chronic disorders, but also in very young individuals with health problems. This review will explain how accelerated biological aging equates to slow phenoptosis. Its occurrence even in the prenatal stage is theoretically supported by W. D. Hamilton’s proposal that offsprings detecting they have dangerous mutations should then automatically speed their demise, in order to improve their inclusive fitness by giving their parents the chance to produce other fitter siblings.
Unnecessary hospitalisations and polypharmacy practices in Tajikistan: a health system evaluation for strengthening primary healthcare
Authors: Jullien Sophie , Mirsaidova Manzura , Hotamova Sitora , Huseynova Dilbar , Rasulova Gulnora , Yusupova Shoira , Zulfiya Abdusamatzoda , Weber Martin , Carai Susanne
Published: January 2023

Background

Children and pregnant women require multiple contacts with the healthcare system. While most conditions can be managed by primary healthcare (PHC) providers, hospitalisations are common. This health system evaluation in Tajikistan quantifies unnecessary and unnecessarily prolonged hospitalisations and assesses antibiotic and polypharmacy practices.

Methods

Data were retrospectively collected from randomly selected medical records from 15 hospitals. Inclusion criteria were children 2–59 months of age with a primary diagnosis of acute respiratory infection or diarrhoea, or pregnant women with threatened preterm labour, threatened miscarriages, premature rupture of membranes or mild pre-eclampsia, hospitalised between January and September 2021.

Results

Among 440 children and 422 pregnant women, unnecessary hospitalisations accounted for 40.5% and 69.2% of hospitalisations, respectively, ranging from 0% to 92.7% across the hospitals. Among necessary hospitalisations, 63.0% and 39.2% were unnecessarily prolonged in children and women, respectively.

Prior to admission, 36.8% of children had received antibiotics, in which more than half intramuscularly. During hospitalisation, 92.5% of children and 28.9% of women received antibiotics. Children and women received an average of 5 and 6.5 drugs, respectively; most were not indicated or with no evidence of benefits.

Conclusions

The methodology is applicable across all health systems and can provide important insights on health service use and resource waste. Findings of this assessment in Tajikistan have led to evidence-based decisions and actions from stakeholders and policy makers with the goal of strengthening PHC and improving the management of common diseases in children and pregnant women.
Pulmonary artery sarcoma masquerading as pulmonary embolism: an under-recognised entity
Authors: Chand Swati , Thapa Sangharsha , Upadhye Soham , Khodjaev Soidjon
Published: January 2023

Pulmonary artery sarcoma is a rare disease with only a handful of cases reported. It is histologically classified as leiomyosarcoma, spindle cell sarcoma, fibrous histiocytoma or undifferentiated sarcoma. The disease is mostly misdiagnosed as pulmonary thromboembolism and carries a grim prognosis with an average survival of only a few months. Misdiagnosis often results in patients being treated inappropriately and diagnosed in later stages of the disease. This delay in diagnosis can be associated with significant mortality in the setting of an already poor prognosis. Early aggressive surgery targeting complete surgical resection is the standard treatment. Chemotherapy and radiation therapy have been tried with variable outcomes. Given the aggressive nature of pulmonary artery sarcoma, regular post-surgery follow-up is indicated.
Severe mediastinitis caused by an infected bronchogenic cyst
Authors: Koliakos Evangelos , Kalogiannis Evangelos , Gussago Stefano , Christodoulou Michel
Published: January 2023

Bronchogenic cysts (BCs) are congenital foregut malformations and usually asymptomatic, thin-walled, incidentally diagnosed cysts which can be easily resected by a minimal invasive approach at this time point. However, they may develop symptoms such as infection, bleeding or compression of adjacent structures. There is no consensus about the risk of developing complications during a lifetime; however, recent reports suggest a higher incidence than initially believed. Here, we report a case of severe life-threatening mediastinitis emerging from an infected BC requiring complex surgery, which could have been avoided if surgery had been performed at an early, asymptomatic stage.
Authentic leadership at the Cleveland Clinic: psychological safety in the midst of crisis
Authors: Porter Tracy Hopkins , Peck Jessica A , Bolwell Brian , Stoller James K
Published: January 2023

Objectives

The goal of this research was to examine the leadership experiences of senior leaders at the Cleveland Clinic during the recent COVID-19 pandemic crisis. A secondary goal was to examine lessons that could inform other healthcare organisations as they move into subsequent crisis situations.

Design

The authors examined publicly available podcast transcripts where interviewees shared their leadership experiences on the Cleveland Clinic Beyond Leadership Podcast.

Setting/participants

Twenty-one publicly available qualitative transcripts were examined inductively and deductively to assess how authentic leadership principles were applied to the experiences noted.

Principal findings

Deductively, the four leadership behaviours of authentic leadership (ie, relational transparency, internalised moral perspectives, balanced processing of information and self-awareness) were noted in the transcripts. Inductively, the participants also identified the importance of developing an organisational culture rooted in psychological safety which allowed individuals from all levels of the organisation to voice their ideas, concerns and thoughts. As part of a psychologically safe culture, it was also important to understand the influence of hierarchy in healthcare, ways to encourage employee voice and the uniqueness of leadership during crisis.

Practical applications

We first offer insights about the importance of psychological safety, particularly during a crisis. Second, we offer a number of ways that other healthcare organisations might strive to build on their own approach to authentic leadership and develop an organisational culture built on psychological safety.
Faster lung function decline in people living with HIV despite adequate treatment: a longitudinal matched cohort study
Authors: Thudium Rebekka Faber , Ronit Andreas , Afzal Shoaib , Çolak Yunus , Forman Julie Lyng , Mendo Fernando , Chen Fabian , Estrada Vicente , Kumarasamy Nagalingeswaran , Nordestgaard Børge G , Lundgren Jens , Vestbo Jørgen , Kunisaki Ken M , Nielsen Susanne Dam
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Chronic lung disease is common among people living with HIV (PLWH). We hypothesised that PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) have faster lung function decline than matched controls.

Methods

We performed a prospective matched cohort study by including ART-treated PLWH from the Copenhagen Co-morbidity in HIV Infection Study (n=705) and the INSIGHT Strategic Timing of Antiretroviral Treatment Pulmonary Substudy (n=425) and frequency matched population controls from the Copenhagen General Population Study (n=2895) in a 1:3 ratio. Eligible participants were ≥25 years old and had two spirometry tests separated by at least 2 years of follow-up. Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) decline (mL/year) was compared between PLWH and controls using a linear mixed model adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity and smoking status. Effect modification by smoking was investigated in subgroup analyses.

Results

The majority of PLWH were virally suppressed (96.1%). The adjusted mean annual decline in FEV1was faster in PLWH than in controls with 36.4 (95% CI 33.7 to 39.1) vs 27.9 (95% CI 26.9 to 28.8) mL/year, yielding a difference of 8.5 (95% CI 5.6 to 11.4) mL/year. The association between HIV and FEV1decline was modified by smoking, with the largest difference in current smokers (difference: 16.8 (95% CI 10.5 to 23.0) mL/year) and the smallest difference in never-smokers (difference: 5.0 (95% CI 0.7 to 9.3) mL/year). FEV1decline >40 mL/year was more prevalent in PLWH (adjusted OR: 1.98 (95% CI 1.67 to 2.34)).

Conclusion

Well-treated PLWH have faster lung function decline than controls and smoking seems to modify this association, suggesting that smoking may lead to more rapid lung function decline in PLWH than in controls.
Holographic dark energy from the laws of thermodynamics with Rényi entropy
Authors: Manoharan Manosh T. , Shaji N. , Mathew Titus K.
Published: January 2023

This article investigates the relationship between the holographic principle and the laws of thermodynamics in explaining the late-time acceleration of the universe. First, we explore the possibilities of generating the standard holographic dark energy (SHDE) from the laws of horizon thermodynamics. Except for entropies that follow an exponent stretched area law, unless we redefine the horizon temperature, we found it challenging to construct a one-to-one correspondence between the dark energies defined by the holographic principle and the laws of thermodynamics. Secondly, in SHDE models, unless we invoke some phenomenological interactions, it is impossible to explain the late-time cosmic acceleration with the Hubble horizon as the IR cutoff. On the other hand, it is possible to induce dark energy as an integration constant using the laws of thermodynamics on the Hubble horizon. These motivated us to explore a feasible way to invoke the holographic principle from the laws of horizon thermodynamics. We show that the additional terms that appear in the modified Friedmann equations on using entropies other than the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy in the first law of thermodynamics can behave like a dynamic holographic dark energy (HDE). We study the features of such an HDE with Rényi entropy as the choice without considering any non-standard interactions. Interestingly, the resulting form of dark energy reduces to the standard cosmological constant when Rényi entropy reduces to the Bekenstein–Hawking entropy. By examining different parameters, we affirm the validity of our approach to dark energy, which respects both holographic principle and thermodynamics.
A spline construction scheme for numerically solving fractional Bagley–Torvik and Painlevé models correlating initial value problems concerning the Caputo–Fabrizio derivative approach
Authors: Arqub Omar Abu , Rabah Ahlem Ben , Momani Shaher
Published: January 2023

In this review, the well-known Bagley–Torvik and Painlevé models (PM), which are special kinds of differential problems of noninteger order ranks and have a significant role in fractional calculus implementations are utilized. These two models are solved numerically using the cubic [Formula: see text]-spline polynomials approximation which are utilized as basis functions in a collocation plan. Stratifying the collocation points, and defining the desired solutions together with their Caputo–Fabrizio derivatives (CFD) in sum forms are the main steps of our approach. The next suffix is the use of matrix operations and fundamental linear algebra to adapt and transform the two proposed models into a computational scheme of linear and nonlinear algebraic equations. The accuracy and computational complexity of the scheme are analyzed based on a large number of independent runs and their comprehensive statistical analysis. A computational clear algorithm step for the utilized scheme concerning the two discussed models is scheduled regarding the Caputo–Fabrizio approach. Besides this, all the comparative studies on the utilized figures and obtained tables are made with Mathematica 11 package. At the end of this work, our analysis research was closed with a conclusion, a set of observations, and some recommendations.
Bifurcation into spectral gaps for strongly indefinite Choquard equations
Authors: Luo Huxiao , Ruf Bernhard , Tarsi Cristina
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we consider the semilinear elliptic equations [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is a Riesz potential, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is continuous periodic. We assume that [Formula: see text] lies in the spectral gap [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]. We prove the existence of infinitely many geometrically distinct solutions in [Formula: see text] for each [Formula: see text], which bifurcate from [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]. Moreover, [Formula: see text] is the unique gap-bifurcation point (from zero) in [Formula: see text]. When [Formula: see text], we find infinitely many geometrically distinct solutions in [Formula: see text]. Final remarks are given about the eventual occurrence of a bifurcation from infinity in [Formula: see text].
Spin Accumulation in Acoustically Excited Ni/GaAs/Ni Trilayers
Authors: Azovtsev Andrei V. , Pertsev Nikolay A.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we report the first theoretical results on the acoustic generation of spin accumulation in ferromagnet-semiconductor-ferromagnet trilayers. As a representative material system, we consider a Ni/GaAs/Ni trilayer coupled to a piezoelectric transducer, which injects a planar acoustic wave into the adjoining Ni film. By combining an analytical solution of the spin diffusion equation in the GaAs spacer with results of numerical simulations of the coupled elastic and magnetic dynamics in the Ni films, we quantify an oscillating inhomogeneous spin accumulation in GaAs. It is found that both dc and ac parts of the mean spin accumulation vary nonmonotonically with the spacer thickness [Formula: see text], reaching maximal values at [Formula: see text] mostly close to 0.25 or 0.75 of the wavelength of the injected monochromatic acoustic wave. Remarkably, the transverse wave generates the spin accumulation much more efficiently than the longitudinal one. Our theoretical predictions provide guidelines for the development and optimization of energy-efficient acoustic spin injectors into semiconductors, which should have much lower power consumption than injectors driven by the microwave magnetic field.
High-Sensitivity Thomson Spectrometry in Experiments of Laser-Driven Low-Rate NeutronLess Fusion Reactions
Authors: Scisciò M. , Di Giorgio G. , Andreoli P. L. , Cipriani M. , Cristofari G. , De Angelis R. , Salvadori M. , Cirrone G. A. P. , Giuffrida L. , Margarone D. , Milluzzo G. , Petringa G. , Consoli F. , Batani Katarzyna
Published: January 2023

The aneutronic 11B(p, α)2α fusion reaction driven by the interaction of high-energy lasers with matter has become a popular topic of research, since it represents a potential long-term goal alternative to the most studied deuterium-tritium reaction. However, the detection of the typical ionic products, especially alpha particles, of this low-rate fusion reaction is a challenging issue, due to their low flux. One of the diagnostic devices that can be implemented in laser-driven proton-boron fusion experiments is a Thomson spectrometer (TS), which is capable of detecting and discriminating ions according to their mass-to-charge ratio (A/Z, where A is the mass number and Z is the atomic number of the ions). In this work, we report on the ultimate test of a TS, which was designed and developed at the ENEA Research Centre in Frascati, Italy, in the context of a p + 11B fusion experiment. Our device—designed to have high sensitivity and a robust shielding against electromagnetic pulses (EMPs)—was implemented at the PALS laser facility (∼700 J in ∼350 ps pulses) at a distance of 367 mm from the laser-plasma interaction point. We analyse here the measured signals obtained with our device, focusing on the assessment of their signal-to-background ratio. Despite the presence of strong EMPs and background radiation at such a short distance from the laser-irradiated target, the TS proved to be suitable for effectively detecting protons and heavier ions stemming from the plasma source.
Collaborative Cognitive Wireless Network Optimization Model and Network Parameter Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Tao
Published: January 2023

In recent years, the combination of cognitive radio and collaborative communication has been widely studied and applied because of its ability to increase user throughput and improve spectrum utilization in a flat-fading wireless channel environment. Such cognitive radio networks that use user collaboration to improve channel capacity and spectrum utilization are called collaborative cognitive radio networks. A Nash equilibrium game-based relay node selection algorithm is investigated, which aims to maximize the utility function of primary and cognitive users. Secondly, a Stackelberg game is introduced, which aims to select the better set of nodes to achieve spectrum sharing. Simulation results show that the algorithm proposed in the study maximizes the utility functions of both primary and cognitive users and enables the selection of a better set of nodes for spectrum sharing. Specifically, the Nash equilibrium game-based relay node selection algorithm at

c

 = 0.3 

∗

 10−6 results in better utility values for both PU and CU, and the algorithm enables more CU to access the spectrum so that users can get longer access time. The relay node selection algorithm based on the Stackelberg game demonstrates high feasibility. Under the condition of parameter

α
=

α

∗

, the algorithm can achieve high-quality cooperation, and CU in better positions can be used as relay cooperation nodes. The algorithm can improve the main user utility function by 20%–35%.
Construction and Analysis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Prognostic Model Based on Random Forest
Authors: Wang Yikai , Ma Le , Xue Pengjun , Qin Bianni , Wang Ting , Li Bo , Wu Lina , Zhao Liyan , Liu Xiongtao
Published: January 2023

Introduction and Aims. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal tumors of the digestive system, but its mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to study HCC-related genes, build a survival prognosis prediction model, and provide references for treatment and mechanism research. Methods. Transcriptome data and clinical data of HCC were downloaded from the TCGA database. Screen important genes based on the random forest method, combined with differential expression genes (DEGs) to screen out important DEGs. The Kaplan‒Meier curve was used to evaluate its prognostic significance. Cox regression analysis was used to construct a survival prognosis prediction model, and the ROC curve was used to verify it. Finally, the mechanism of action was explored through GO and KEGG pathway enrichment and GeneMANIA coexpression analyses. Results. Seven important DEGs were identified, three were highly expressed and four were lowly expressed. Among them, GPRIN1, MYBL2, and GSTM5 were closely related to prognosis (

P
<
0.05

). After the survival prognosis prediction model was established, the survival analysis showed that the survival time of the high-risk group was significantly shortened (

P
<
0.001

), but the ROC analysis indicated that the model was not superior to staging. Twenty coexpressed genes were screened, and enrichment analysis indicated that glutathione metabolism was an important mechanism for these genes to regulate HCC progression. Conclusion. This study revealed the important DEGs affecting HCC progression and provided references for clinical assessment of patient prognosis and exploration of HCC progression mechanisms through the construction of predictive models and gene enrichment analysis.
Construction and Validation of a Predictive Model for the Risk of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia in Elderly ICU Patients
Authors: Li Shuhua , Shang Linping , Yuan Lirong , Li Wei , Kang Hongyun , Zhao Wenting , Han Xiaojuan , Su Danxia
Published: January 2023

Background. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is among the most important hospital-acquired infections in an intensive-care unit setting. However, clinical practice lacks effective theoretical tools for preventing VAP in the elderly. Aim. To describe the independent factors associated with VAP in elderly intensive-care unit (ICU) patients on mechanical ventilation (MV) and to construct a risk prediction model. Methods. A total of 1851 elderly patients with MV in ICUs from January 2015 to September 2019 were selected from 12 tertiary hospitals. Study subjects were divided into a model group (n = 1219) and a validation group (n = 632). Two groups of patients were divided into a VAP group and a non-VAP group and compared. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to explore influencing factors for VAP in elderly ICU patients with MV, establish a risk prediction model, and draw a nomogram. We used the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and the Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test to evaluate the predictive effect of the model. Findings regarding the length of ICU stay, surgery, C-reactive protein (CRP), and the number of reintubations were independent risk factors for VAP in elderly ICU patients with MV. Predictive-model verification results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of VAP risk after MV in the modeling and verification groups was 0.859 and 0.813 (

P
<
0.001

), respectively, while

P

values for the Hosmer–Lemeshow test in these two groups were 0.365 and 0.485, respectively. Conclusion. The model could effectively predict the occurrence of VAP in elderly patients with MV in ICUs. This study is a retrospective study, so it has not been registered as a clinical study.
Integrated Free-Space Optics and Fiber Optic Network Performance Enhancement for Sustaining 5G High Capacity Communications
Authors: Alsharari Meshari , Aliqab Khaled , Ali Farman , Armghan Ammar
Published: January 2023

In this paper, the integrated free-space optics (FSO) and fiber optic model is evaluated using new radio (NR) sub-THz link to sustain next generation 5G capacity. The proposed integrated model effectively applies over 25 km single mode fiber, 0.5 m RF wireless, and 500 m optical wireless. In addition, four different sub-THz frequencies (125, 150, 175, and 200 GHz) are estimated on NR-based 5G FSO network, including 22 Gbps 64quadrature amplitude modulation-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (64QAM-OFDM) signal speed. The proposed FSO enabled fiber optic system is also measured mathematically to satisfy the data transmission accuracy. For confirmation, the theoretical approach of the presented FSO and fiber optic network is realized with an aggregate 342 Gbps speed

16
×
22

. The performance metrics comprising forward error limit (FEL), bit error rate (BER), and error vector magnitude (EVM) are used for weighing simulation results. The outlets of an integrated fiber-FSO network show that by applying NR 5G sub-THz, a high data rate with multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) transmission capacity can be adjusted victoriously.
Full Data-Processing Power Load Forecasting Based on Vertical Federated Learning
Authors: Mao Zhengxiong , Li Hui , Huang Zuyuan , Tian Yuan , Zhao Peng , Li Yanan
Published: January 2023

Power load forecasting (PLF) has a positive impact on the stability of power systems and can reduce the cost of power generation enterprises. To improve the forecasting accuracy, more information besides load data is necessary. In recent years, a novel privacy-preserving paradigm vertical federated learning (FL) has been applied to PLF to improve forecasting accuracy while keeping different organizations’ data locally. However, two problems are still not well solved in vertical FL. The first problem is a lack of a full data-processing procedure, and the second is a lack of enhanced privacy protection for data processing. To address it, according to the procedure in a practical scenario, we propose a vertical FL XGBoost-based PLF, where multiparty secure computation is used to enhance the privacy protection of FL. Concretely, we design a full data-processing PLF, including data cleaning, private set intersection, feature selection, federated XGBoost training, and inference. Furthermore, we further use RSA encryption in the private set intersection and Paillier homomorphic encryption in the training and inference phases. To validate the proposed method, we conducted experiments to compare centralized learning and vertical FL on several real-world datasets. The proposed method can also be directly applied to other practical vertical FL tasks.
Un interesante caso de neumoconiosis mixta por polvo, con fibrosis masiva progresiva y cor pulmonale en un agricultor sudamericano
Authors: Alnabwani Dina , Prasad Ankita , Ganta Nagapratap , Marin Andrea C. , Hechter Sharon , Pavuluri Sandeep , Ghodasara Kajal , Vankeshwaram Varun , Alsaoudi Ghadier , Patel Chirag , Delaluz Gustavo E. , Cheriyath Pramil
Published: January 2023

La neumoconiosis es una enfermedad profesional que afecta a trabajadores con exposición ambiental a polvo orgánico e inorgánico, como en la minería, el granallado, la alfarería, la cantería y la agricultura. La respuesta inflamatoria del pulmón al polvo respirable provoca la formación de máculas, nódulos y fibrosis, y un contenido mayor de sílice en el polvo inhalado se asocia con un aumento en la fibrosis. La neumoconiosis mixta por polvo (MDP) se caracteriza por la exposición a polvos que contienen 10–20% de sílice, con imágenes pulmonares que muestran opacidades irregulares. La histopatología desempeña un papel vital en el diagnóstico de la MDP. Aunque tiene un pronóstico favorable, la enfermedad evoluciona lentamente, a lo largo de muchos años de exposición constante, y se caracteriza por un agravamiento de la disnea y la tos, que progresa gradualmente hasta convertirse en cor pulmonale. El único tratamiento eficaz es eliminar la fuente de exposición, por lo que es esencial reconocer la enfermedad de forma temprana para lograr un resultado favorable. Presentamos un caso de neumoconiosis mixta por polvo en un agricultor de Sudamérica que padecía asma. El paciente se presentó con agravamiento de la disnea y múltiples nódulos en ambos pulmones en el diagnóstico por imagen, y cor pulmonale. Tras un amplio estudio, se descartó cualquier neoplasia maligna y tuberculosis. El análisis de las muestras de biopsia de cirugía toracoscópica asistida por video (VATS) confirmó el diagnóstico de neumoconiosis mixta por polvo. El paciente presentaba una confluencia de nódulos irregulares en los lóbulos superiores de los pulmones, y el mayor medía 2.1 cm. Esto coincide con la definición de la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT) de fibrosis masiva progresiva. Este hallazgo, junto con el cor pulmonale, indica un mal pronóstico, incluso luego de eliminar la exposición al polvo. Se administraron corticoides, que produjeron una mejoría sintomática, y se dio de alta al paciente para seguimiento con el neumólogo.
Novos modos de ação do capitalismo contemporâneo? Uma análise sobre a atuação da organização humanitária Médicos Sem Fronteiras (MSF) pelo olhar das categorias de Peirce
Authors: Fonseca Flávia Costa Rocha de Assis , Tavares Fred
Published: January 2023

Os novos modos de ação do capitalismo vêm provocando mudanças significativas em diferentes aspectos da vida. Nesse sentido, compreender, por meio de uma perspectiva interdisciplinar que une os campos da Psicossociologia e da Comunicação, as modificações vivenciadas na contemporaneidade torna-se fundamental. Este artigo parte da reflexão sobre as possíveis formas de o Capitalismo Rizomático adentrar em esferas até então desconsideradas, podendo atuar no trabalho desenvolvido até mesmo por organizações humanitárias. Este é um estudo de natureza teórica, baseado em pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, utilizando-se das categorias da Semiótica de Peirce a partir da análise de uma postagem selecionada no Facebook, da organização Médicos Sem Fronteiras (MSF). A publicação em questão contém pedidos de doação de recursos financeiros no primeiro semestre da pandemia da covid-19, representando, dessa forma, o corpus deste trabalho. Diante disso, como resultado, observou-se que possivelmente a MSF também passe a incorporar em suas estratégias de comunicação aquelas utilizadas por corporações que vendem produtos e serviços, podendo transformar seus doadores/seguidores em consumidores.
O sentir e o consumir do/no army, fandom do BTS: capital afetivo e a cultura material nas experiências de fãs
Authors: Pereira Raíssa Abraçado , Vieira Manuela do Corral
Published: January 2023

A presente pesquisa busca compreender a importância do consumo dos objetos relacionados ao BTS (Bangtan Sonyeodan), maior grupo de K-pop da atualidade, como uma forma de participação e experiência de seu fandom, Army. Sob uma perspectiva comunicacional, adotamos método netnográfico, com análise das redes sociais digitais Twitter e Instagram, as principais redes de acesso do fandom Army. As análises baseiam-se principalmente nos aportes teóricos sobre consumo, sociabilidade e cultura material. Observou-se o consumo do grupo BTS como regente das relações dentro do fandom, bem como o caráter (i)material expresso por meio dos produtos e experiências, que desenvolvem a subjetividade e a percepção do fazer parte desse grupo de fãs.
Implicações bioéticas do uso terapêutico da Cannabis sativa L. no Brasil
Authors: Cavalcante Camila Mota , Sarsur Marcelo , Dadalto Luciana
Published: January 2023

A utilização medicinal da Cannabis sativa L., usualmente chamada de maconha, é conhecida desde tempos remotos devido a suas elevadas propriedades terapêuticas. As discussões acerca de seu uso medicinal no Brasil são urgentes, notadamente porque já há comprovação científica dos benefícios relacionados ao tratamento de diversas enfermidades. Este artigo teve como foco demonstrar que os argumentos apresentados para criminalizar a C. sativa, além de concorrerem para uma conjuntura racista e criminalizadora de classes sociais baixas, violam os princípios bioéticos da beneficência, autonomia e justiça, ao impedir que o sujeito tenha acesso a prescrições médicas adequadas e menos onerosas, a fim de proporcionar o alívio de suas dores físicas e psíquicas. Para tanto, utilizou-se da metodologia qualitativa, por meio da qual se realizou revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos publicados em português, entre os anos de 2015 e 2020, nas bases de dados Google Scholar e Scientific Electronic Library Online, juntamente com pesquisa de resoluções da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária e do Conselho Federal de Medicina. De posse desses dados, constatou-se a necessidade de democratização no acesso à C. sativa medicinal, sendo imprescindível o fornecimento gratuito de canabidiol pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, bem como uma normatização que permita o cultivo da C. sativa para fins medicinais para a produção de medicamentos no país.