bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Banks' Equity Stakes and Lending: Evidence from a Tax Reform
Authors: von Beschwitz Bastian , Foos Daniel
Published: November 2016

Several papers find a positive association between a bank's equity stake in a borrowing firm and lending to that firm. While such a positive cross-sectional correlation may be due to equity stakes benefiting lending, it may also be driven by endogeneity. To distinguish the two, we study a German tax reform that permitted banks to sell their equity stakes tax-free. After the reform, many banks sold their equity stakes, but did not reduce lending to the firms. Thus, our findings suggest that the prior evidence cannot be interpreted causally and that banks’ equity stakes are immaterial for their lending.
SLA Classroom Research and EFL Teaching Practices of Oral Skills
Authors: Al-wossabi Sami
Published: November 2016

Second language acquisition studies have been significantly impacting the field of language learning and teaching and constantly informing EFL/ESL teachers with the best practices and implications for their language classes. The present study, therefore, examines issues on teaching practices of oral skills that are addressed in SLA studies and their relevance and applicability to the Saudi EFL situation in higher education. It highlights issues such as, the importance and limitations of the negotiation of meaning in group-work and pairs, the effect of training of interaction strategies on learners’ oral development, the importance of predicting intonational prominence, providing appropriate, feedback and the use of authentic materials. The present paper will further provide some recommendations on how EFL teachers may initiate interactive speaking activities in the EFL classroom and how that would aid leaners' second language development.
The Frame as a Special Type of Structural and Substantive Concept
Authors: Mahmudova Firangiz Shirin
Published: November 2016

The article investigates the frame as a special type of structural and substantive concept. It states that the term frame is correlative to the notion of the concept. The differences between the terms of the frame and the concept is analysed by the author as well. Investigating the sources the author claims that these two objects don’t have significant differences between themselves. The frame is expected to show certain extend of the sphere, though the concept shows the image presented in the area of historical and cultural identity. The concept is realised in the minds of the humans, and they are associated with tokens. The author also refers to the opinion of F.de Saussure about the language and points out the distinguishing features of signifier and signified. F.de Saussure considered those two terms as ideal entities; and he spoke the perfect nature of signified than the signifier. Investigating these notions the author ties to find out some connection between those notions and the notions of the frame and the concept. The author uses various linguistic sources for to prove her opinion about the pecularities of the concept. The reliable sources have been referred to in the article by the author.
Effect of Homonymous Set of Words Instruction on Vocabulary Development and Retention of Young Female Elementary Learners in Iranian EFL Context through Metalinguistic Awareness
Authors: Safataj Maryam , Amiryousefi Mohammad
Published: November 2016

Vocabulary learning is indispensable in the process of second language (L2) learning and plays a pivotal role in this regard. At the heart of this issue is the homonymous conflict, which is more problematic and very difficult to deal with. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to cast a little bit of light on homonyms instruction in the area of learners’ L2 vocabulary development and retention. In this vein, four intact classes of Iran Language Institute (ILI) comprised of 46 young female EFL learners aged from 9-10 years old enrolled in the present study whose English proficiency level was elementary. Signing the Assent form, the participants were given a proficiency test for homogenizing. They were divided into two groups of experimental and control. The former group favored the explicit, simultaneous and concurrent homonymous set of words instruction; however, the latter one encountered the accidental and incidental homonyms instruction through various texts. The results obtained from vocabulary achievement test indicated that in the vocabulary development phase, both methods appeared to be significantly effective in the short run, but the participants in the experimental group revealed a better performance. Moreover, after administrating the delayed post-test, the analysis elicited that homonyms instruction significantly hindered the vocabulary recovery and retention of the learners just in the Experimental group three weeks later. Hence, the outcome of this piece of study provided various remarkable implications for teachers to reinforce learners’ vocabulary repertoire through context, and led to give some insights into homonyms instruction via metalinguistic awareness.
Problems in Transforming EGP Teachers in China’s Universities into ESP Teachers
Authors: Pei Xishan , Milner Joseph O.
Published: November 2016

Because of the significant cultural and economic shifts in China along with a turn toward student-centered instruction in Universities, there was an insufficient number of English for Specific Purpose (ESP) Teachers in Chinese universities. As a result English for General Purpose (EGP) Teachers had to be transformed into ESP Teachers. The study uses 65 of the converted ESP teachers to determine the difficulties teachers had in making this transformation. Some measures used to determine the problems related to the transformation of these teachers are presented in the paper.
Views of English Language Teachers in Private Colleges Regarding Microteaching
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Li Yulong
Published: November 2016

Since the Economy Opening-up policy in China, English has become a compulsory component in curriculum from primary school to university. Studies on ELT teachers in China are abundant, however, they tend to gaze at the ELT in government- sponsored units. With more and more private institutions commenced to provide ELT course for diverse levels and for various purposes, there emerges a relative unfamiliarity with these teachers working in private sectors. This mixed-method study aims at understanding their perspectives and experiences of micro-teaching as measures of their professional development. Current study demonstrates that teachers from private institutes in China are aware of different aspects of microteaching, but some of them, due to their leaders’ and schools’ respective contexts and culture, deem the function and influence of microteaching recommended by researchers from western world are not adequate to improving teaching in a Chinese context.
Investigating the Relatedness of Five Different Operationalizations of Explicit Knowledge of English Morphosyntax: A Levels of Processing Approach
Authors: Sarkeshikian Amir H. , Alavi Mohammad
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to investigate the relatedness of five different operationalizations of explicit knowledge of English morphosyntax within the framework of levels of processing. Two groups of university students, majoring in English translation at BA level, participated in the study. For the purpose of the study, five different operationalizations of the explicit knowledge of English morphosyntax were drawn from the literature and two metalinguistic knowledge tests were constructed. The two measures were piloted; the one with 52 items showed strong overall internal consistency (α=0.98) and the other one with 30 items showed an acceptable overall internal consistency (α=.70). The data analyses using Pearson correlation revealed that there is no high correlation between the five variables, and therefore no serious covariation problem was detected. Moreover, the results of repeated-measures ANOVA showed that there was a significant within-group difference between the performances of each group on the metalinguistic test. The results of the study are discussed within the level of processing (LoP) framework and implications are offered.
Ellipsis and Cognitive Semantics
Authors: Chen Wei
Published: November 2016

Ellipsis and cognitive linguistics are closely related to each other, which have been accepted by many linguists. Ellipsis has been described as the omission of some words which have been repeated for many times in the same context. In a broad sense, ellipsis is prevalent in human language. Theories of ellipsis have evolved not only across disciplinary boundaries but also through time. This paper is mainly about the universality of ellipsis among different sentence constructions and the detailed process of ellipsis cognition. From a historical point of view, the popularity of ellipsis comes from the so-called historical turn to simplicity. This paper discusses different constructions of ellipsis by analyzing prominence theory. Although typical examples of ellipsis have been analyzed by the processes of prominence theory, the purpose of this paper is to analyze each individual ellipsis case from the perspective of cognitive linguistics.
The Age Factor in Second Language Learning
Authors: Hu Ruyun
Published: November 2016

In recent years; age has being considered as the major factor in determining language learners’ successful foreign language acquisition; which is correlated to the assumption stated by Critical Period Hypothesis and Neurological Hypothesis. Most importantly; these assumptions might be concluded that that language learner can acquire foreign language better than adults do at their early age. Additionally; there is still a widespread belief held by many scholars; stating that young children are better at second language acquisition (SLA) than the later starters; such as the adolescents or adults. Therefore; whether young learners learn second language better than the older will be discussed in this article.
On the Function of Mother Tongue Transfer in English Vocabulary Acquisition
Authors: Wang Ruige , Xiang Xiaoxia
Published: November 2016

The theory of mother tongue transfer refers to that the habit of the first language will directly influence the acquisition of the second language, and play its positive and negative functions. As a Chinese learner, English vocabulary learning is inevitably influenced by the Chinese ways of pronunciation, cognitive styles and thought patterns. Based on the language transfer theory, this paper will analyze the influences of Chinese on English vocabulary learning from the positive and negative transfer respectively, and reveal the positive and negative effects of Chinese in the process of English vocabulary acquisition. What this paper intends to convey is to improve the efficiency of English vocabulary learning by investigating the main forms of transfer and finding the reasons of them. It presents some suggestions that language learners should make full use of positive transfer and avoid negative transfer.
Immediate vs Delayed Correction Feedback (CF) and Accuracy of Oral Production: The Role of Anxiety
Authors: Shabani Karim , Safari Fatemeh
Published: November 2016

The objective of this study was twofold: a) to evaluate L2 learners’ perspectives on the level of anxiety caused by different corrective feedbacks (Immediate vs. Delayed) and b) to uncover students’ views towards the effects of anxiety on the accuracy of their oral production. Following an OPT, 30 students were selected as the main cohort of the study and then randomly assigned to two groups of 15. To collect the data, a close-ended questionnaire proposed by Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope (1986) along with an additional open-ended questionnaire (developed by the researcher) was administered to the participants at the end of the term. Based on the results, it was noticed that although all the participants expressed some levels of anxiety when receiving error corrections, the level of their anxiety was found to be significantly different and learners of the G1 who received immediate CF experienced more anxiety than the G2. Furthermore, results revealed that level of anxiety helped students to improve their accuracy during speech. Finally, the study recommends material developers to conduct natural communicative tasks and opportunities in which learners perform them naturally and without fear of making mistakes.
Modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of acute gastrointestinal bleeding of various etiology
Authors: Malkov I S , Nasrullaev M N , Zakirova G R , Khamzin I I
Published: November 2016

Aim. Analysis of the treatment results in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding with the use of endoscopic and surgical methods of hemostasis.Methods. Analysis of the treatment results in 421 patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding from the urgent surgical department of City Clinical Hospital №7 of Kazan was conducted.Results. Endoscopic methods of hemostasis in bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract (argon plasma coagulation, combined prolonged infiltration hemostasis with the use of 6% solution of polyglucin with mafusol, irrigation with the solution «Hemolab», ligation of the esophageal veins and Danis stent implantation) were applied to 404 patients. All patients simultaneously received conservative treatment. When using the methods of endoscopic hemostasis mentioned above in patients with bleeding from upper gastrointestinal tract the efficiency was achieved in 87.9% of cases. It was the highest when using combined endoscopic methods. Recurrent acute bleeding was diagnosed in 30 (7.1%) cases. Majority of the patients with recurrent bleeding suffered from gastric ulcer and/or duodenal ulcer (21 patients). In all 30 patients with recurrent bleeding surgical intervention with the author’s technique was performed.Conclusion. The efficacy of endoscopic methods of hemostasis in bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract, especially their combined use, was revealed; differentiated approach to the use of endoscopic and surgical techniques of hemostasis depending on the source of bleeding and its intensity is required.
Microbial landscape of intestinal contents and mucus in frequently ill children
Authors: Kerimova M K
Published: November 2016

Aim. To study the state of the microbial landscape of intestinal contents and mucus in frequently ill children and practically healthy children.Methods. 340 frequently ill children aged 6 months to 6 years and 125 practically healthy children (comparison group) were examined. Along with routine clinical and immunological studies bacteriological study of stool samples and throat swab was performed and polymerase chain reaction was applied to the swab.Results. According to the results of bacteriological study of throat swab 195 (57.4%) children reported Staphylococcus aureus, 102 (30.0%) children - Staphylococcus epidermidis, 85 (25.0%) children - Streptococcus pneumoniae, 64 (18.8%) children - Haemophilus influenzae, 64 (18.8%) children - Klebsiella pneumoniae, 170 (50.0%) children - Candida albicans. PCR revealed Chlamydia pneumoniae in 53 (15.6%) children, Chlamydia trachomatis in 33 (9.7%) children, Mycoplasma pneumonia in 54 (15.9%) children, and Cytomegalovirus in 18 (5.3%) patients. Among frequently ill children in 67.6% of cases dysbiosis was observed with reduced number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and increase of opportunistic microorganisms, predominantly Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusion. The microbiota of upper respiratory tract in frequently ill children in most cases contains Staphylococcus aureus; reduced number of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli and increase of opportunistic microorganisms were noted; correlation between severity of dysbiosis and immunoglobulin A level in blood was revealed.
Coagulation way of hemostasis in pregnant women and puerperae with pre-eclampsia in whom caesarean section was performed
Authors: Kurmanbaev T E , Yakovlev N V , Khasanov A A , Mustafin I G , Nabiullina R M
Published: November 2016

Aim. To evaluate clinical value of trombodynamics in diagnosing the state of coagulation way of hemostasis in patients with pre-eclampsia in whom caesarean section was performed.Methods. The study included 66 pregnant women. The study group included 34 of them with moderate to severe pre-eclampsia. During the postoperative period all puerperae received low molecular weight heparin (Dalteparin 2500 IU subcutaneously once a day for 7 days). The comparison group consisted of 32 pregnant women. All of them had scheduled Caesarean section. LMWH was not administered in this group. Thrombodynamics assay was performed in both groups. Blood samples were taken 1-2 hours before cesarean section, 6-12 hours after the surgery before the first injection of anticoagulant if administered, and on day 5 after delivery not less than 24 hours after the injection of anticoagulant.Results. In the group of patients with pre-eclampsia changes in trombodynamics characteristic for hypercoagulation were revealed: increase of clot growth velocity (V), clot size (CS), its relative density (D) and development of spontaneous clots (Tsp). These numbers become normal slower than in pregnant women and puerperae without pre-eclampsia and with delivery performed surgically.Conclusion. According to trombodynamics assay, in pregnant women and puerperae with pre-eclampsia, severe hypercoagulation with increased reaction kinetics of clot formation and its physical characteristics were revealed, as well as increase of blood procoagulant potential.
Cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with cerebral contusion and its possible pharmacological correction
Authors: Garifullin R F , Danilov V I , Karimov R H
Published: November 2016

Aim. Evaluation of dimephosphone as a medication for correction of cerebrovascular reactivity damage in patients with acute traumatic brain injury of mild to moderate severity.Methods. The study included 40 patients with acute traumatic brain injury admitted to the Department of Neurosurgery of Kazan City Clinical Hospital №7. All patients were divided into 2 groups: patients who did not receive dimephosphone were included in group 1, in group 2 patients received drug therapy identical to that in group 1 but with additional 15% solution of dimephosphone 15 ml 3 times a day for 12 days. Evaluation of cerebral blood flow was conducted by transcranial Doppler with the use of analyzer of blood flow velocity «Sonomed 300M». Patients underwent daily functional tests (compression test, hypercapnic test, hypocapnic test) during the days 1 to 12 of hospital stay.Results. The conducted study confirms disorders of cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with acute traumatic brain injury. Also it was found that patients treated with dimephosphone as part of comprehensive therapy at a dose of 15 ml of 15% solution 3 times a day, cerebrovascular reactivity indices (index of vasomotor reactivity, overshoot coefficient) recovered significantly faster.Conclusion. All patients in the acute period of traumatic brain injury with cerebral contusion have disorders of cerebrovascular reactivity; recovery of cerebrovascular reactivity in patients with traumatic brain injury is accelerated by inclusion of dimephosphone in comprehensive treatment.
Possibility of pre-emptive analgesia with gabapentin for laparoscopic surgeries in gynecologic oncology
Authors: Bayalieva A Zh , Khusainova I I , Gabitov N A , Filippova N E
Published: November 2016

Aim. To study the effect of gabapentin on females in laparoscopic surgery in gynecology.Methods. The study included 2 groups of patients aged 25 to 75 years admitted for scheduled laparoscopic hysterectomy. A total number of patients was 161. Distribution between the groups was carried out based on the use of pre-emptive analgesia with gabapentin before surgery at a dose of 600 mg orally.Results. In both groups absence of predisposition to neuropathic pain in females scheduled for hysterectomy due to benign diseases was revealed. Significant difference between the groups in pain intensity after 24 hours after the surgery and development of adverse opioid-caused events such as light sedation, nausea and vomiting due to inhibitory effect of gabapentin on trigger areas of the brain were revealed. There is also marked difference in the need for opioid analgesics at stages of surgical treatment.Conclusion. Use of gabapentin prior to surgery decreased the level of reactive anxiety and stress response to surgery by 44.8%, which reduced the need for opioid analgesics in intra- and postoperative periods; in the group of females who received gabapentin, postoperative nausea and vomiting were less prominant by 33%.
Improvement of health centers performance
Authors: Starodubov V I , Soboleva N P , Savchenko E D
Published: November 2016

Aim. Development of a model of strengthening and preservation of health to improve the activities of children’s and adult health centers.Methods. A statistical method was used: dynamic analysis of the number of population of Russian Federation in 2010-2015, analysis of budget funds received for preventive work by medical prevention centers in 2014. By the use of a modeling method the scheme of organizational support of children’s and adult health centers was developed.Results. Designed structure for children and adult health centers with a new direction of activity will contribute to more rational organizational support at various levels of health care, as well as improving the quality and effectiveness of preventive care. The proposed new titles of health centers (child center for health preservation; center for reproductive, family and personal health for adults) reflect the direction of their activities, basically provide improvement of family health at all stages of family development (childhood, youth, working-age and old people) and orientation to a healthy lifestyle. The peculiarity of the new direction of centers’ activity is greater attention to reproductive and mental health. Promoting mental health in adults should begin in childhood. Increased activity of children’s centers will strengthen health throughout life.Conclusion. Health center should be located in a medical organization; its name should reflect the direction of its activities; the basis of the center for the adults should become a family; strengthening of reproductive and sexual health will contribute to improvement of demographic situation in the country; it is necessary to increase funding for preventive care for the population.
Study of incidence of eye diseases in the adult population older than 30 years in Azerbaijan
Authors: Agaeva R B
Published: November 2016

Aim. To study the basic trends of prevalence of eye diseases among the population of Azerbaijan Republic older than 30 years with the use of geographic information system (GIS) analyst.Methods. Analysis of incidence and prevalence of diseases of eye and adnexa in the Republic of Azerbaijan was carried out over a ten-year period (2001-2010). Medical geographical mapping of indicators of incidence by regions of the Republic was conducted with the use of GIS parameters of the program ArcGIS.Results. The results of analysis of prevalence of eye diseases in adult population in 2001-2010 demonstrate its variation in different years of the study reaching maximum values in 2006 and 2010. Incidence rate of eye diseases in adults increased sharply in 2007 almost remaining at the same level during all subsequent years. The maximum absolute value of 1% growth was observed in 2010. The structure of disease incidence demonstrates dominance of cataract (51.1%) as a predominant pathology that explains the necessity to perform early diagnosis of this disease and thorough dispensary observation for prevention of its progression. Ranking of territories revealed characteristic high detection of eye diseases in the regions and cities of the Republic with developed infrastructure. Territorial difference in prevalence and incidence were revealed in the regions of the Republic of Azerbaijan.Conclusion. Design of medical geographical maps based on GIS technologies can streamline organization of preventive measures in ophthalmic practice.
Medico-economic performance of treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma in case of emergency admission
Authors: Ishmurzin G P
Published: November 2016

Aim. To study medico-economic performance of outpatient and inpatient treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and bronchial asthma (BA) during emergency hospitalization and the influence of workshops on them.Methods. 75 case histories of patients with COPD and asthma treated in the department of internal medicine №1 of Kazan city polyclinic №3 were analyzed. Conventional clinical, pharmakoepidemiological, medico-economic methods of research, evaluation of quality of life and level of patient’s knowledge about the disease and statistical methods were used.Results. The study revealed that the number of ambulance calls in the groups undergoing training decreased significantly compared to the period before training. So, in the group taught at COPD workshop the number of ambulance calls decreased to 1.43 times, and in the group of BA workshop it decreased to 1.58 times. The change in the number of admissions and the number of ambulance calls causes leads to decreased health care costs for the treatment of patients with COPD and BA. The cost of outpatient treatment of 1 case of asthma (including personal patient’s expenses) is 2280.2 rubles. Average cost of 1 case of outpatient treatment of COPD is 3095.6 rubles. Training patients with asthma at asthma workshop resulted in saving health costs of 5593.512 rubles for each patient trained due to reducing the cost of inpatient treatment and emergency medical care. The effect of training of patients at COPD workshop resulted in saving health costs of 7180.78 rubles. The total amount of budget savings for the treatment of all cases of BA and COPD was 465 544.4 rubles.Conclusion. Influence of patients’ training at workshop resulted in saving costs of health care system and decreased number of ambulance calls.
Analysis of admissions with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations
Authors: Pal’mova L Yu , Podol’skaya A A , Shaykhutdinova Z A , Zaplatova D A , Druzhkova E B
Published: November 2016

Aim. To study the factors worsening the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and bronchial asthma.Methods. At the first stage, assessment of 1561 case histories of patients with internal diseases was performed, of whom 341 had lung diseases. A more detailed analysis with the assessment of the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients was conducted at the second stage of our study, which included evaluation of 38 case histories of patients over a 6-month period in 2016.Results. In the structure of mortality from lung disease chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is the dominant cause (53.8%) predominating deaths from pneumonia (46.2%). Mean age of patients who died from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was 67.2±5.97 years. Exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was the cause of hospitalization in 24 (63.2%) cases, bronchial asthma in 11 (28.9%) cases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma overlap syndrome was observed in 3 (7.9%) cases. Exacerbation of chronic bronchoobstructive pathology was mostly caused by respiratory tract infections (84.2% of cases), which required administration of pluripotent antibacterial therapy. In 60.5% cases deterioration of concomitant diseases was observed with cardiovascular diseases prevailing (arterial hypertension, chronic heart failure decompensation).Conclusion. When organizing the strategy of urgent care for patients with chronic bronchoobstructive diseases, paying more attention to assessment of comorbidities is relevant; it is critical to raise awareness of practicing physicians of the criteria for the diagnosis of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome.
Evacuation of embryo in the presence of intrauterine adhesions
Authors: Gabidullina R I , Savel’ev S E , Gabitov N A , Mikhaylova O N , Sirmatova L I , Nazmutdinova N R
Published: November 2016

Asherman syndrome is a controversial topic in gynecology without a clear consensus for treatment. This pathology is characterized by adhesions in the uterine cavity. The main cause of this disorder is injuries to the gravid uterus especially in abortion, during postnatal period or after missed miscarriage. Menstrual disorders and infertility are characteristic clinical features of Asherman syndrome. Pregnancy may be complicated with premature labor, placenta previa and placenta accreta. Introduction of hysteroscopy has changed diagnosis and management of intrauterine synechiae and it is therefore considered the most valuable tool nowadays. Preferred treatment method is hysteroscopic lysis of adhesions combined with estrogens. A clinical case of asymptomatic Asherman syndrome in a 29 year old female is presented in the article. Bipolar hysteroscopic resection of synechiae in combination with curettage was proved to be an effective and safe method of treatment.
Difficulties of diagnosing acute intermittent porphyria in clinical practice
Authors: Zagidullina K L , Popova N A , Astashina E E
Published: November 2016

Acute intermittent porphyria is an inherited metabolic disease with autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. The pathogenesis of the disease includes disturbed function of vegetative regulation. Attacks of acute intermittent porphyria are rare, sometimes are fatal, but in practice they often remain undiagnosed. Significant difficulties are attributed to unspecific clinical manifistations of acute intermittent porphyria. The patients initially visit surgeons with a clinical presentation of acute abdomen. As a result porphyrinogenic diagnostic and remedial procedures are administered including anesthetics and laparoscopy with anesthesia, which worsen the attack and prognosis. Porphyria being an orphan disease and polymorphism of clinical presentation, absence of medications for its treatment in health care facilities in Russian Federation cause challenges for physicians. The article deals with clinical observation of two patients with a diagnosis of acute intermittent porphyria first made in the neurology department. A 53-year old female was brought in to the neurology department by an ambulance in obtundation after a series of generalized tonoclonic spasms with hyperthermia. A 21-year old female was admitted to the surgical department due to intensive epigastric pain, nausea, repeated episodes of vomiting, an episode of diarrhea and significant general fatigue causing impossibility to move. Presented clinical cases reflect a general situation when for a long period of time the patients were wrongfully admitted to different departments, and cover a problem of late and untimely diagnosis of the disease.
Stochastic Analysis of the Effect of Asset Prices to a Single Economic Investor
Authors: Ekuma-Okereke Enyinnaya , Eghwerido Joseph Thomas , Efe-Eyefia E. , Zelibe Samuel
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we propose a single economic investor whose asset follows a geometric Brownian motion process. Our objective therefore is to obtain the fair price and the present market value of the asset with an infinitely horizon expected discounted investment output. We apply dynamic programming principle to derive the Hamilton Jacobi Bellman (HJB)-equation associated with the problem which is found to be equivalent to the famous Black-Scholes Model under no risk neutrality. In addition, for a complete market under equilibrium, we obtained the value of the present asset with risk neutrality and its fair price.
Qlick Graphs with Crossing Number One
Authors: Basavanagoud Bommanahal , Kulli V.R.
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we deduce a necessary and sufficient condition for graphs whose qlick graphs have crossing number one. We also obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for qlick graphs to have crossing number one in terms of forbidden subgraphs.
Modelo Gavilán para el desarrollo de competencias en el manejo de información a través de Google drive. Una experiencia Innovadora
Authors: Canchica de Medina Marbelys Elizabeth
Published: November 2016

El presente documento tiene como objetivo presentar una sistematización de experiencias en el marco del dictado de la asignatura Introducción a las TIC del Postgrado en Gerencia Pública de la Universidad Nacional Experimental “Francisco de Miranda” (UNEFM).  Las categorías de análisis han sido el uso de Google drive siguiendo el Modelo Gavilán. En este sentido se ha evidenciado la productividad y la integración de los participantes del curso,  en términos del trabajo colaborativo, manifiesta en la construcción  compartida del proceso y el producto de las investigaciones desarrolladas sobre temas específicos del área de formación al que se aspira. Los resultados muestran que se ha aprovechado la potencialidad comunicativa e interactiva de Google drive, al realizar actividades síncronas y asíncronas entre los compañeros de cada equipo, siguiendo un conjunto de pasos y subpasos que han orientado el alcance de competencias en el manejo de información (CMI) para la construcción de conocimientos emergentes desde procesos investigativos en la Web.
Cómo empoderar a las instituciones de educación básica en la incorporación de las TIC
Authors: Boude Figueredo Oscar , Cardenas Toro Miguel Angél
Published: November 2016

Se presentan los resultados obtenidos de una investigación que se desarrolló en la Universidad de La Sabana, en el año 2015, cuyo objetivo fue determinar cómo contribuye la estrategia diseñada dentro del proyecto Educación a la nube, a empoderar a las instituciones de educación básica y media en la incorporación de las TIC en los procesos de formación. A nivel metodológico se realizó un estudio de corte mixto con un alcance descriptivo, para logarlo se utilizó un  como diseño el estudio de casos múltiples, la muestra estuvo conformada por 16 instituciones de educación de diferentes localidades de Bogotá. Los principales resultados indicaron que la estrategia diseñada contribuyó a  empoderar a las instituciones participantes en la integración de las TIC a sus procesos de formación, sin embargo, esto no ocurrió en igual proporción cada una de ellas, debido en gran medida a la desigualdad en el nivel de competencias TIC de sus docentes y al nivel de apropiación que tienen sus directivas de las TIC.
Características de la investigación formativa en los programas de ingeniería, a distancia y virtual, en Bogotá
Authors: Huertas Zamudio José Israel , Villamil Rozo Martín Elías
Published: November 2016

En este artículo se presentan los resultados del proyecto de investigación: “Caracterización de la investigación formativa de los programas de Ingeniería, ofrecidos mediante las metodologías a distancia (tradicional) y virtual, en la ciudad de Bogotá”. Luego de realizar una exploración bibliográfica, no se dispone de información suficiente sobre las características y se plantea cómo se desarrollan los procesos de investigación formativa articuladas con el currículo? Con este propósito se precisa como objetivo, describir los procesos de investigación formativa en los componentes: proyecto institucional (misión, visión, principios y horizonte institucional), estudiantes, docentes y procesos académicos Para su desarrollo se utilizó el diseño investigativo no experimental. El tipo de investigación es descriptiva correlacional y las variables son descriptivas sin atribuir causalidad.  La investigación se considera expost facto. La información se recolectó mediante encuestas y entrevistas estructuradas aplicadas de manera individual a los directores de 15 programas de Ingeniería participantes. Entre los resultados se destacan: la relación explícita entre la investigación formativa y el Proyecto Educativo Institucional, PEI; la participación vivencial de los estudiantes en contextos reales y simulados; la participación y liderazgo de los profesores; la existencia de diseños curriculares de los programas que proponen estrategias, oportunidades y alternativas para favorecer la investigación formativa. En la discusión de resultados se reconoce la acción de instituciones como el Estado y los vínculos e interacciones entre el conocimiento y las acciones individuales (de los programas de ingeniería y los estudiantes). Como conclusiones los hallazgos aportan información sobre los procesos investigativos y las tendencias positivas de la investigación formativa de los programas de Ingeniería en Bogotá. 
Earnings Management by Financing Purposes
Authors: Hong Soonwook
Published: November 2016

An objective of this study is to investigate the difference of earnings management before financing by capital financing purposes. Two main methods of financing directly in capital markets are seasoned equity offerings (hereafter ‘SEO’) and issuing bonds (hereafter ‘BOND’). The purposes of financing are largely classified into working capital and investment capital. This study investigates whether the firms that need to finance for working capital are more motivated for earnings management than the firms that need to finance for investment capital. The results show that discretionary accruals before financing for working capital are greater than financing for investment capital for both SEO and BOND.
Diagnóstico bioquímico positivo en pacientes con sospecha clínica de Niemann Pick C. / Positive Biochemical Diagnosis in Patients with Clinical Suspicion of Niemann Pick C.
Authors: PARDO ECHEVERRIA LIZ CAROLINA
Published: November 2016

ResumenSe realizó tinción de Filipin a partir de cultivos de fibroblastos, provenientes de biopsias de piel de 73 pacientes candidatos clínicamente de padecer la enfermedad neurodegenerativa de herencia autosómica recesiva de Niemann Pick C, remitidos por los servicios de neurología y genética del país. Mediante análisis cualitativo de intensidad de fluorescencia perinuclear, se reportó un diagnóstico bioquímico positivo en 23 pacientes. La prueba t permitió inferir que no existen diferencias estadísticamente significativas en relación a la edad y el género de los pacientes. AbstractFilipin staining test was made from cultured fibroblasts from skin biopsies from 73 patients clinicallycandidates of developing the neurodegenerative disease autosomal recessive Niemann Pick C, referred by the neurology and genetics in the country. Qualitative analysis by perinuclear fluorescence intensity, the positive biochemical diagnosis was identified in 23 patients. The t test allowed inferring that not statistically significant differences in relation to age (1->45 years) and gender of patients.
Influence of Physical Environment on Customer Satisfaction and Return Intention in Kenyan Rated Restaurants
Authors: Githiri Margaret N.
Published: November 2016

The study was conducted to examine the influence of physical environment on customers’ satisfaction and return intention. The study involved 345 customers in both Nairobi and Coastal region of Kenya. The sampling technique was simple random. DINESCAPE items were used in measuring physical environment. The instrument for data collection was self administered structural close ended questionnaire. Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 18 was used to analyze the data. Pearson correlation coefficient test indicated a strong positive relationship between physical environment and return intention (r =0.605) at 0.01 confidence level. A mode of 2 indicated that majority of the respondents were dissatisfied with external appearance of restaurant’s environment and the musical background. Results on linear regression analysis revealed a statistical significance between physical environment and customers return intention (p = 0.000).This implied that physical environment highly influenced customers’ return intention in rated restaurants. To satisfy and encourage most customers to revisit the restaurants, the study suggested that the restaurant managers should device ways of improving the external appearance of the restaurants. They should also offer musical background that is suitable to their type of customers.
Indicative Knee Posture in Children with Osteomyelitis of the Proximal Part of the Tibia with or without an Associated Subperiosteal Abscess
Authors: Pace J. Lee , Pérez-López Laura Montessarat
Published: November 2016

Case:

Three patients with documented osteomyelitis of the proximal part of the tibia are described. On examination, all of the patients had an indicative finding of knee flexion to 90°. Because of the concern for septic arthritis, each patient underwent knee aspiration as part of the evaluation.

All recovered with conventional infection treatment protocols.

Conclusion:

High knee flexion beyond what is typical in patients with septic arthritis may indicate osteomyelitis of the proximal part of the tibia. Consideration of this diagnosis may lead to more expedient and efficient care.
Airway obstruction due to dissection of inner tube wall of a single‐use reinforced tracheal tube
Authors: Garwood Britt , Williams Andrew , Windsor John
Published: November 2016

We describe the case of a female who underwent spinal surgery in the prone position. A reinforced tracheal tube was used and the first 2 hr 15 min of the operation were uneventful. Ventilation of the lungs then became difficult and this was found to be due to the inner lining of the reinforced tube herniating into the tube lumen. A literature search revealed that this is not the first time this fault has been reported.
Management of methylene blue extravasation following parathyroidectomy
Authors: Bray Barbara , Mearns Claire
Published: November 2016

We describe a case report of extravasation of methylene into hand of a patient undergoing parathyroidectomy and subsequent successful management of severe localised pain with a brachial plexus block. The utilisation of an extravasation policy and the lack of up to date national guidance are discussed.
Thrombolysis with a recombinant plasminogen activator to treat a massive pulmonary embolus during emergency laparotomy
Authors: Singh‐Kandola Kiran , Thomas Hannah , Phillips Jessica , Sinha Vikram
Published: November 2016

A previously healthy 38‐year‐old female presented with an enormous abdominal growth. Imaging confirmed a large, multiloculated left ovarian cyst. Surgery was expedited when she presented to hospital with an acute abdomen. Intraoperatively there was sudden cardiovascular collapse refractory to resuscitation with intravenous fluids and vasopressors. External cardiopulmonary resuscitation was commenced and an intraoperative transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated a large pulmonary embolus.

The patient received heparin anticoagulation without improvement and a decision was made to perform thrombolysis. The patient's condition stabilised, however postoperative intra‐abdominal haemorrhage ensued, with splenic decapsulation and a liver laceration requiring emergency splenectomy and packing respectively followed by transfer for tertiary hepatic surgical repair of the liver laceration. Remarkably, this patient recovered with no neurological or cognitive deficits.
“Yo soy el profesor”: Héroe mítico y nueva masculinidad en el manga Great Teacher Onizuka
Authors: Castelli-Olvera Azul Kikey , Castelli-Olvera Sarahi Isuki
Published: November 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es el análisis del cómic japonés Great Teacher Onizuka, creado por Tohru Fujisawa y publicado en México por Editorial Vid. El primer tomo se publicó 11 de enero de 2006 y el último el 20 de septiembre del 2007. A través del análisis de la imagen y el texto, pretendemos estudiar la manera en la que se construye al protagonista, Onizuka, como un héroe de acuerdo a la teoría de la aventura heroica, el ciclo mitológico y a las características que le asigna Joseph Campbell al héroe mítico. Por otro lado, nos interesa examinar la manera en la que el protagonista transgrede los estereotipos de masculinidad basados en figuras de aspecto físico potente, que encarnan una serie de valores morales y que, a través diversos atributos y acciones, contribuyen a la conformación de la identidad masculina vinculada a la violencia en el esquema patriarcal. Pretendemos visibilizar cómo el personaje de Onizuka pese a que encarna a un héroe mítico, representa una ruptura en los esquemas de masculinidad al mostrar un modelo alterno de “ser hombre”.
Gay Talese: Reportero extraordinario para hombres ordinarios.
Authors: Guerrero-Cabrera Sonia Amparo
Published: November 2016

Debido a la gran importancia que el periodismo literario ha ido ganando en occidente, ese trabajo realiza un reconocimiento de las circunstancias que posibilitaron el surgimiento del mismo, y se recurre a uno de sus mayores representantes para enunciar sus características. De este modo es con base en el libro Retratos y encuentros (2003) de Gay Talese que se ejemplifican los componentes claves del periodismo literario.
Territorio y poder: Yucatán entre los últimos años del Postclásico y la priméra edad colonial
Authors: Carosi Gaia
Published: November 2016

Este artículo consiste en un análisis de los procesos territoriales que ocurrieron en la península de Yucatán a partir de la llegada de los conquistadores hispanos, lo anterior en base a un análisis de los procesos territoriales y una relectura de los primeros documentos coloniales en conjunto con la implementación de un sistema de información geográfica (SIG). La conquista no sólo implicó un cambio radical desde el punto de vista político, sino que la misma idea de poder cambió, pasando de ser de tipo personal a territorial: la distribución de la población y de los pueblos sobre la península tuvieron que adaptarse a la mentalidad importada por los europeos y a sus nuevas necesidades. Quienes detentaban el poder político sintieron la necesidad de definir claramente sus fronteras y los límites de sus dominios para adaptarse al cambio de mentalidad; con la modificación del sistema administrativo, los fulcros del poder sobre el territorio mutaron, mientras que las antiguas capitales perdieron su poder político. La congregación reunía a la población de aldeas y pequeños poblados en sitios seleccionados y muchas ciudades desaparecieron, reunidas dentro de otras, revolucionando al final la modalidad de asentamiento en el territorio, en una situación tumultuosa y en constante cambio.
El problema de la obligación política en Hobbes y Spinoza
Authors: Salazar Luis
Published: November 2016

En la primera parte de este ensayo se examinan algunas de las dificultades que suscita la teoría de la obligación política de Hobbes. Partiendo de la distinción propuesta por Rousseau entre poder de hecho y poder de derecho, se considera la forma en que el filósofo inglés intentó identificar las “leyes de la naturaleza” como teoremas racionales capaces precisamente de otorgar legitimidad racional al pacto fundacional del poder soberano, haciendo coincidir así lo racional con lo justo. A continuación se analizan los argumentos hobbesianos que pretenden refutar la “teoría del necio”, esto es, de aquel que no acepta tal coincidencia, con el objeto de mostrar las debilidades “utópicas” de esos argumentos. En la segunda parte se muestra cómo Spinoza, partiendo aparentemente de premisas muy similares a las de Hobbes, en los hechos reformula radicalmente la perspectiva para proponer una concepción “realista”, aunque democrática, de los procesos políticos de legitimación.
Nación y nacionalismo
Authors: Velasco Gómez Ambrosio
Published: November 2016

En este trabajo argumento a favor de una idea de nación multicultural, a partir de un cuestionamiento de la interesante defensa de Ulises Moulines del nacionalismo. La idea de nación y de Estado-nación que sostengo es más afín a las realidades culturales y políticas de Latinoamérica y del México actual. A diferencia de Moulines, que identifica nación y etnia, yo sostengo un concepto de nación construido política y culturalmente en el ámbito de la sociedad civil. Este concepto de nación es más pertinente para la consolidación de un Estado democrático en una sociedad multicultural como la mexicana.