bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Woven Identities: Socioeconomic Change, Women’s Agency, and the Making of a Heritage Art in Jølster, Norway
Authors: Steiner Sallie Anna
Published: January 2017

This article* focuses on the recent history and contemporary practice of a kind of traditional tapestry weaving known assmettvevin the rural county of Jølster in mountainous western Norway. Jølster has a rich fibre arts tradition and a rapidly changing society and economy, which make it an exemplary study in material culture as its fibre arts transform to accommodate these changes. This article draws on ethnographic research and interviews with representative practitioners and community members to examine how conceptions about producer and audience identity and the role of this art form in everyday life have evolved in light of changing context. The article furthermore discusses the ways in which the forms and motifs associated withsmettvevare being re-appropriated by local contemporary artists working in other mediums, as well as by individuals and institutions who seesmettvevas a symbol of local identity and heritage.
Hybrid Imaging in the Assessment of Myocardial Ischemia and Viability
Authors: Stănescu Alexandra , Opincariu Diana , Rat Nora , Morariu Mirabela , Condrea Sebastian , Benedek Imre , Benedek Theodora
Published: January 2017

Myocardial ischemia results from a reduction in blood flow as a consequence of a coronary stenosis, which produces ischemia in the myocardial territories irrigated by the stenotic artery. Myocardial viability is a concept that derived from several studies in which it was observed that, even if revascularization occurred, an irreversible left ventricular contractile dysfunction remained. The terms “stunned” and “hibernating” myocardium have been traditionally associated with the viable myocardium, and many controversies still exist on the most appropriate method to assess the presence and extent of viable myocardium. During the last decades, many efforts have been made to identify the best method to determine the viability of the myocardial tissue. Due to the fact that none of the stand-alone imaging methods provide sufficient data about myocardial viability, new methods for the investigation of myocardial viability became necessary. Thus, the concept of hybrid imaging was developed, consisting in the association of different imaging techniques, finally resulting in a single image that offers all the details provided by the two isolated methods of diagnosis, therefore being more precise in regards to the identification of viable myocardium territory. This review aims to appraise the recent studies related to myocardial viability investigated with hybrid imaging.
Light Relations in a Plum Orchard Trellised Horizontally in Comparison with Standard, Central Leader Training
Authors: Mika Augustyn , Buler Zbigniew
Published: January 2017

Plum trees of ‘Elena’, designed for mechanical harvesting with a straddle self-propelled harvester, were planted in 2008 in the experimental orchard at Dąbrowice at a distance of 4 × 1.5 and 2.0 m. The trees were trained to a central leader to a height of 2.7 m and 1.5 or 2.0 m spread. Plum trees designed for mechanical harvesting with a small tractor-driven harvester were spaced at 4 × 1.0 or 1.5 m and were trellised horizontally on wires stretched along rows 0.8 m above the ground. Fruits were harvested in 2012–2015. The cumulative yield from the trellised trees was only half of that from the trees trained to a central leader, whereas the fruit load index (weight of fruits per m3 canopy) was the highest at 4 × 1.0 m). To explain this phenomenon, studies were conducted in 2015 on light relations in the two training systems. The studies revealed that light transmission has different patterns in the two training systems, but the level of light interception was nearly similar. Light distribution was more beneficial for photosynthesis in the central leader trees. The trees trained to a horizontal canopy had poor illumination at the canopy base. The main reason of low productivity of the horizontal canopy was low canopy volume.
Assessment of Shelf-Life Ability of Apples cv. ‘Auksis’ after Long-term Storage Under Different Conditions
Authors: Juhņeviča-Radenkova Karina , Radenkovs Vitalijs
Published: January 2017

The objective of the current research was to ascertain the shelf-life ability of apple ‘Auksis’ after 6 months of cold storage under different conditions. The effect of storage conditions such as: cold storage under normal atmosphere (NA), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) + cold storage, and ultra-low oxygen (ULO)-controlled atmosphere (CA) [2.0% CO2 and 1.0% O2 (ULO1) and 2.5% CO2 and 1.5% O2 (ULO2)] on the quality of apples during shelf-life was evaluated. Apple fruits immediately after cold storage and after 25 days of maintaining at market condition had been evaluated. The physical (firmness, weight losses), chemical (total soluble solids and acid contents), and sensory (aroma, taste, acidity, sweetness, juiciness, and color) characteristics of apples had been evaluated after 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 days to ascertain maximal shelf-life. Results from sensory evaluation indicated that apples treated with 1-MCP and stored at NA were characterized with distinctive aroma, whereas apples stored under CA were poor in sweetness and had remarkable acidity and juiciness. Apples that were stored in cold had pronounced aroma and color but without taste. Based on the evaluation by panelist, maximum shelf-life of apples that were kept under cold storage and ULO1 was 15 days, whereas that of apples that had been treated with 1-MCP and stored at NA and those stored in ULO2 was 25 days.
The heterogeneous landscape of innovation in female led-businesses – cross-country comparisons
Authors: Filculescu Adina
Published: January 2017

Female led-businesses are nowadays regarded as a vehicle for worldwide economic and social wellbeing. Seen as a mechanism for better social inclusion, empowerment, wide institutional change and local economic development, female entrepreneurship has been the focus of many scholarly pursuits. However, one field in which the interest in female-led businesses has been somewhat overlooked and overshadowed by other topics is the field of innovation studies. There are various national and international programs meant to increase the level of innovativeness of female-led businesses and there are reports presenting somewhat contradictory results in which women business owners are portrayed either as more innovative or at a disadvantage when it comes to the resources needed for innovation in comparison to their male counterparts. Thus, this study seeks to disentangle the various aspects which affect the landscape of innovation in female led-businesses by focusing on the way in which the national contexts creates opportunities or barriers for innovation. Based on the qualitative data provided by the GEM 2012 Adult Population Survey, we show that, in the case of the six countries included in the sample, the landscape is highly heterogeneous and that macrolevel indicators such as percentage of female entrepreneurs, public support for high growth female entrepreneurship and gender equality are not capable of fully explaining the innovation behavior of female-led businesses. The results presented here contribute to advancing the research on innovation and female entrepreneurship by opening up new avenues for research which will renounce the paradigm of an ideal type of female-led business, and start to seriously take into consideration the heterogeneity of these businesses and of the landscapes in which they operate.
The investigation of correlation among selected biochemical parameters and vital signs in dairy herd to design the bio-cybernetic dairy cow model
Authors: Twardoń J. , Zalewski W. , Nowicki T. , Dębski B. , Dejneka G. , Mrowiec J. , Zalewski K.
Published: January 2017

The paper presents investigations of the relationship between the biochemical parameters and vital signs in dairy cows. We analyzed the welfare and functioning of a dairy herd using biochemical parameters and vital signs. Life and biochemical parameters were examined. In the model indicators useful for monitoring the herd are: the age of the cows, the number of cows’ lactating, daily amount of received milk, length of lactation period for cows in the herd, the length of inter-calving period for cows, the number of days to effective insemination, the amount of protein in the feed, the level of β-oxidation in leucocytes, glucose transport through red blood cells and plasma insulin. Based on the results the mathematical model was designed allowing the presentation of a cybernetic model of cow’s organism. There was constructed a multi-equation model which determined the relationships between the selected variables describing the state of dairy cows in the herd and variables that characterize their welfare with its statistical verification.
Prevalence of Bovine herpesvirus type 4 in aborting dairy cows
Authors: Cvetojević Đ. , Savić B. , Milićević V. , Kureljušić B. , Jezdimirović N. , Jakić-Dimić D. , Pavlović M. , Spalević Lj.
Published: January 2017

Bovine herpesvirus type 4 (BHV-4) is related to many different conditions: infertility, postpartal metritis, vulvovaginitis, mastitis, encephalitis, calf pneumonia, keratoconjunctivitis, cutaneous lesions, digital dermatitis and abortion. In this study a retrospective PCR examination of 100 extracted DNA samples from aborting cows was performed in order to determine: prevalence of BHV-4 in abortive cattle, whether coinfections BHV-4 with other abortifacient pathogens are present in the same sample and to determine the month of gestation when BHV-4 associated abortions were detected. Out of 100 examined samples, the BHV-4 genome was detected in 21 samples (21%). In two samples we detected coinfection of BHV-4 with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and in one withNeospora caninum. Most of the BHV-4-associated abortions were detected during the seventh month of gestation. It was concluded that an active BHV-4 infection was present among cows that aborted on the farms examined. The high prevalence of the BHV-4 genome in abortion material suggests that this virus may have cause the abortions. Further studies and examinations are needed to establish causative connection between presence of BHV-4 and abortion.
Concentration of lactoferrin and immunoglobulin G in cows’ milk in relation to health status of the udder, lactation and season
Authors: Musayeva K. , Sederevičius A. , Želvytė R. , Monkevičienė I. , Beliavska-Aleksiejūnė D. , Kerzienė S.
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to analyze an effect of udder health status, somatic cell count (SCC), stage and number of lactations, and different seasons on the concentration of lactoferrin (LF) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) in quarter milk samples (n=120) from crossbreed (Lithuanian Black-and-White & Holstein) dairy cows. Quarter health status was based on SCC and microbiological analysis. The highest mean value of LF and IgG were observed in quarters with subclinical mastitis 0.1 ± 0.02 mg/ml and 0.41 ± 0.06 mg/ml, respectively. Grouping the data according to SCC revealed increased LF (0.07 ± 0.01 mg/ml as against 0.06 ± 0.01 mg/ml) and IgG values (0.27 ± 0.05 mg/ml as against 0.23 ± 0.02 mg/ml) in DQ (SCC from 201,000 ≥ 401,000 cells/ml) compared to HQ (SCC up to 200,000 cells/ml). The milk LF and IgG levels were effected by stage of lactation (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively) and season of the year (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively). Nevertheless, SCC and subsequent lactation (p>0.05) had no effect on these immunity components.
Evaluation of serum cytokine levels in recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Niedźwiedź A. , Borowicz H. , Kubiak K. , Nicpoń J. , Skrzypczak P. , Jaworski Z. , Cegielski M. , Nicpoń J.
Published: January 2017

Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) represents a serious health problem and is traditionally classified as an allergic disease, where contact with an antigen can induce clinical airway inflammation, bronchial hyper-responsiveness and reversible airway obstruction. Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of the Th2 response in the lungs of human patients with asthma and horses with heaves. These cells are involved in the production of cytokines which regulate the synthesis of immunoglobulins. 40 horses were evaluated: 30 horses with RAO and 10 healthy animals. The expression levels of interferon-alpha 1 (IFN-α1), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), interleukin-1β, (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-4, IL-13 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were measured in the serum obtained from control and RAO-susceptible horses during crisis. In all the patients, serum cytokine levels were detected. Serum median IL-13 and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in RAO-affected horses than in the healthy group (p < 0.001). The serum median IFN-α1, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, and TNF-α levels were similar in both groups. These results indicate a low variability of the levels of cytokines and a high frequency of their detection in serum samples from horses with RAO. Immune mechanisms involved in equine RAO are more complex than those defined by a simple Th1/Th2 dichotomy.
Molecular diversity of Clostridium botulinum and phenotypically similar strains
Authors: Grenda T. , Kukier E. , Sieradzki Z. , Goldsztejn M. , Kwiatek K.
Published: January 2017

This study was undertaken to examine phenotypic and genetic features of strains preliminary classified asClostridium botulinumspecies. The phenotypic characteristics were assessed with different culture media and biochemical tests. The genetic characterization included detection of botulinum toxin genes by PCR and macrorestriction analysis withSmaI,XhoI andSacII by PFGE (Pulsed-field Gel Electrophoresis). Despite similar biochemical properties of all analysed strains, only 47% of them contained genes determining toxicity specific toC. botulinumspecies. The most valuable differentiation ofC. botulinumandC. botulinum-like strains was obtained afterSmaI digestion. The highest affinity was observed amongC. botulinumtype B profiles which was even up to 100%. It was found 100% of affinity betweenC. botulinumandC. botulinum-like strains, however, the similarity amongC. botulinumandC. botulinum-like was generally lower than 80%.
White and red blood cell picture in rabbits experimentally infected with strains of the rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) virus without or with variable haemagglutination capacity
Authors: Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej P. , Tokarz-Deptuła B. , Deptuła W.
Published: January 2017

The aim of the study was to establish if haemagglutination of rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) affects haematological picture of peripheral blood in rabbits and the pathogenicity of the virus. The study analyzed white and red blood cell picture in rabbits experimentally infected with two non-haemagglutinating (HA-) RHDV strains (Frankfurt and Asturias) and one strain with variable haemagglutination capacity (HA+/−) (Hagenow). Studies with HA− and HA +/− are rare and relate only to 4 HA− strains (2 RHDV: BLA and Rainham; 2 RHDVa: Pv97 and 9905) and 1 HA+/− RHDV strain: ŻD, where less changes in haematological indices and less pathogenicity were observed. We found that changes caused by HA− Frankfurt strain were related to the number of neutrophils and thrombocytes, while in HA− strain Asturias, in thrombocytes and leukocytes. Changes evoked by HA+/− Hagenow strain pertained to the number of eosinophils, thrombocytes, leukocytes, monocytes, and concentration of hemoglobin. Mortality caused by the Frankfurt strain was 100% between 36 and 48 h post infection (p.i.), while that caused by Asturias strain was 100% between 24 and 36 h p.i., and that observed in case of Hagenow strain was 90% between 36 and 48 h p.i. The changes in haematological picture caused by the HA− and HA+/− RHDV strains were less intensive than those found in case of the HA+ RHDV strains, which cannot be confirmed for pathogenicity, and is not in line with the existing hypothesis suggesting higher pathogenicity in HA+ viruses.
Generation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody against duck Tembusu virus envelope protein
Authors: Han K. , Zhao D. , Liu Y. , Liu Q. , Huang X. , Yang J. , Bi K. , Xu T. , Li Y.
Published: January 2017

Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV) is a newly emerging pathogenic flavivirus that has caused massive economic losses to the duck industry in China. Envelope (E) protein of DTMUV is an important structural protein, which is able to induce protective immune response in target animals and can be used as specific serological diagnosis tool. In this study, a novel monoclonal antibody, designated mAb 3E9, was generated against DTMUV E protein. It is positive in indirect ELISA against both His-E protein and the purified whole viral antigen. Also, this mAb showed positive reaction with DTMUV in Western blot and indirect immunofluorescence assay, and the isotype was IgG1. End-point neutralizing assay performed in BHK-21 cells revealed that the neutralization titer of 3E9 against DTMUV JS804 strain reached 1:50. Furthermore, functional studies revealed that 3E9 blocks infection of DTMUV at a step on viral attachment. The anti-E mAbs produced in the present work may be valuable in developing an antigen-capture ELISA test for antigen detection or a competitive ELISA test for antibody detection or therapeutic medicine for DTMUV in poultry.
Prevalence of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) in Poland from 2010-2014
Authors: Gaweł A. , Nowak M. , Ciaputa R. , Bobrek K.
Published: January 2017

This study investigated the prevalence of inclusion body hepatitis (IBH) infections during the past five years (2010-2014) in broiler chicken flocks in Poland. The diagnosis of IBH was based on anatomopathological investigations and histopathological analyzes. IBH was the most prevalent disease in broiler flocks in Poland (10.4%) during this time period, and occurred as a primary infection. The fewest cases of IBH occurred in the summer, suggesting that the temperature may have been a possible stressor that increased susceptibility to IBH. However, over the last 5 years the occurrence of clinical IBH cases in Poland has systematically decreased.
Supplementation of pigs diet with zinc and copper as alternative to conventional antimicrobials
Authors: Dębski B.
Published: January 2017

Modern commercial pig farming systems inflict increased stress in animals, which often leads to various negative changes in the gastro-intestinal tract, especially in the case of piglets. Ban of antibiotics, used as growth promoters, has caused a need for alternatives to conventional antimicrobials in swine diets. Use of pre-/or probiotics, organic acids and plant extracts is often recommended, but it seems that zinc oxide and cooper salts, which were traditionally included in high doses to piglets diet, possess the highest efficacy. In commercial conditions feeding piglets with high doses of Zn and/or Cu stimulates piglets daily gain and decreases feed conversion factor. However, as heavy metals Zn and Cu tend to accumulate in soil and cause serious environmental pollution of soil and tap-water. Furthermore, high zinc concentrations (2500÷3000 mg/kg feed) in feed may have an impact on development of antimicrobial resistance, and may regulate the expression of genes that modify piglets’ immune response. Therefore, the use of high doses of ZnO and/or Cu salts, as growth promoter, has always been a subject of discussion, and caused different legal status of such treatment in various EU countries. This short review describes current European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) point of view on the use of ZnO in medicated feed. The higher bioavailability of recently introduced new sources or forms of these metals allows for substantial reduction of dietary inclusion rate, which should have a positive outcome for pigs health and the environment.
Role of probiotics in nutrition and health of small ruminants
Authors: Abd El-Tawab M.M. , Youssef I.M.I. , Bakr H.A. , Fthenakis G.C. , Giadinis N.D.
Published: January 2017

Small ruminants represent an important economic source in small farm systems and agriculture. Feed is the main component of livestock farming, which has gained special attention to improve animal performance. Many studies have been done to improve feed utilisation through addition of feed additives. For a long period, antibiotics have been widely used as growth promoters in livestock diets. Due to their ban in many countries, search for alternative feed additives has been intensified. Probiotics are one of these alternatives recognised to be safe to the animals. Use of probiotics in small ruminant nutrition has been confirmed to improve animal health, productivity and immunity. Probiotics improved growth performance through enhancing of rumen microbial ecosystem, nutrient digestibility and feed conversion rate. Moreover, probiotics have been reported to stabilise rumen pH, increase volatile fatty acids production and to stimulate lactic acid utilising protozoa, resulting in a highly efficient rumen function. Furthermore, use of probiotics has been found to increase milk production and can reduce incidence of neonatal diarrhea and mortality. However, actual mechanisms through which probiotics exert these functions are not known. Since research on application of probiotics in small ruminants is scarce, the present review attempts to discuss the potential roles of this class of feed additives on productive performance and health status of these animals.
Rates of Return on Shares of Real Estate Development Companies in Poland in the Years 2001-2015. A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Dittmann Iwona
Published: January 2017

The paper presents an analysis of the diversity of real estate development companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange based on the rates of return on their shares which were attained in 2001-2015. The study included 10 real estate development companies. The analysis was conducted for different investment horizons (from 1 year to 10 years), and based on the quartiles of the empirical distributions of the rates of return on the shares of individual companies. The empirical distributions were obtained using a rolling window of observation based on daily share quotation. The diversity of the funds was examined by formulating six hypotheses concerning: the diversity of the quartiles of the distributions of returns on individual funds, the differences between the values of the quartiles of returns for the best and worst companies during each investment horizon, changes in the value of individual quartiles of returns for individual companies along with a lengthening of the investment horizon, differences in the positions of the companies in the rankings of companies based on different investment horizons and having different quartiles being accepted as the criterion for the rankings. The results obtained did not indicate grounds for the rejection of the formulated hypotheses.
Compensation in Residential Real Estate Purchasers’ Decisions
Authors: Źróbek-Różańska Alina
Published: January 2017

Predicting demand on the residential real estate market and the behavior of the purchasers requires a wide knowledge of both the economic mechanisms and psychology of decision-making. Decisions on the real estate market are often made by people without professional skills, and using simplified strategies. However, the decision-making process, on top of its heuristic nature, is dynamic and changing. As a result, a discrepancy in the preferred characteristics of planned and actually bought real estate can be observed. Such a discrepancy can be explained with the occurrence of the compensation process. The aim of this article was to recognize and describe the compensation process on the example of the suburban residential real estate market. The aim was achieved by analyzing the preferences of potential buyers in terms of particular characteristics of the location of suburban plots destined for single-family housing (respondents divided into age groups: 25 and 26-40), analyzing the real settlement trend in the suburban zone (the result of actual transactions) and comparing the results, including compensation.
Urban Greenery as a Component of Real Estate Value
Authors: Szczepańska Agnieszka , Krzywnicka Iwona , Lemański Grzegorz
Published: January 2017

Due to the specific characteristics of cities, such as the intensity of the use of space, the supply of green areas is limited. These areas are subjected to constant pressure (demand for new transportation or construction functions), which usually results in their reduction. As a consequence of this, green areas have become a limited asset in urban environments. City dwellers, seeking a high quality of life in the urban environment, pay attention to the proximity of greenery to their place of residence. This is, therefore, a factor that greatly influences market prices of residential real estate. In the study, the dependency of transaction prices of residential premises on the vicinity of urban greenery was subjected to analysis. Additionally, questionnaire studies were conducted with respect to the evaluation of the significance of environmental factors when choosing a place to live, which translates over to the decisions made by consumers on the real estate market.
Joy of the Intimacy of Love. An Interpretation of the Developments in Contemporary Catholic Theology and the Theology for the Teaching Office in Ethics of Sexuality
Authors: Römelt Josef
Published: January 2017

Since Pope Franziskus, there is an approach between Protestant and Catholic theology exactly in the gaze on sexual-ethical questions. However, this “new” proximity stands in continuity with the Catholic thinking, because it is not simply about the appeal on a purely subjective and quite private conscience in the positions of Pope Franziskus and of renewed moral-theological teachings. Also Protestant theology always has faced fidelity in love and partnership under God’s assistance - within all human fragility and limitedness. More clearly than it, however, the theology in Catholic tradition has described exactly this solidity of Christian experience in the modes of obligation and objective bonding. Freedom and personal responsibility must be evaluated in many areas of modern society in a new manner today. In the ecological ethics the self-linkage to standards is discussed, which orientate the own lifestyle on the natural balance for to safeguard human life in community with the nature, for example. In the formation of love and family, it needs the freely approved relationship at objective social and biographical contexts, which enable succeeding relationship basically.
Saintly Sexlessness. Notes on the Apophthegmata Patrum
Authors: Lupaşcu Silviu
Published: January 2017

The textual proximity of “woman” and “apocryphal literature” in a fragment included in the Apophthegmata Patrum may seem paradoxical. Abba Sopatrus’ apophthegm must be understood against the background of the theological debates of Origenists and non-Origenists during the 4th – 6th centuries, in Northern Egypt, and consequently needs to be exegetically enframed between Emperor Justinian I. (l. 482-565; r. 527-565) Edictum contra Origenem and Archimandrite Shenute of Atripe (348-466)’s Contra Origenistas. In fact, the contemporary Gnostic literature was able to generate heretical sexual imagery. The Apocryphon of John (II, 1; III, 1; IV, 1; BG 8502, 2), included in the Nag Hammadi Library, explains in a sexual manner the origin of evil. Abba Sopatrus’ apophthegm testifies about the proximity of Christianity and Gnosticism in Northern Egypt during the period of the Desert Fathers, and also about the effort of the abbas to establish firm limits against sexual lust and the lust of the erroneous dogmata. Both posed tremendous potential danger of disintegrating the monks’ peace of mind and peace of soul.
A Comparative Study of Precise Point Positioning (PPP) Accuracy Using Online Services
Authors: Malinowski Marcin , Kwiecień Janusz
Published: January 2017

Precise Point Positioning (PPP) is a technique used to determine the position of receiver antenna without communication with the reference station. It may be an alternative solution to differential measurements, where maintaining a connection with a single RTK station or a regional network of reference stations RTN is necessary. This situation is especially common in areas with poorly developed infrastructure of ground stations. A lot of research conducted so far on the use of the PPP technique has been concerned about the development of entire day observation sessions. However, this paper presents the results of a comparative analysis of accuracy of absolute determination of position from observations which last between 1 to 7 hours with the use of four permanent services which execute calculations with PPP technique such as: Automatic Precise Positioning Service (APPS), Canadian Spatial Reference System Precise Point Positioning (CSRS-PPP), GNSS Analysis and Positioning Software (GAPS) and magicPPP - Precise Point Positioning Solution (magicGNSS). On the basis of acquired results of measurements, it can be concluded that at least two-hour long measurements allow acquiring an absolute position with an accuracy of 2-4 cm. An evaluation of the impact on the accuracy of simultaneous positioning of three points test network on the change of the horizontal distance and the relative height difference between measured triangle vertices was also conducted. Distances and relative height differences between points of the triangular test network measured with a laser station Leica TDRA6000 were adopted as references. The analyses of results show that at least two hours long measurement sessions can be used to determine the horizontal distance or the difference in height with an accuracy of 1-2 cm. Rapid products employed in calculations conducted with PPP technique reached the accuracy of determining coordinates on a close level as in elaborations which employ Final products.
Investigation on Reflection of Tectonic Pattern in ASG EUPOS Data in the Sudetes and Adjacent Areas
Authors: Szczerbowski Zbigniew
Published: January 2017

The GNSS data evaluated from on observation of ASG EUPOS stations in the Sudety Mts. and in adjacent areas is analyzed by the author in the scope of disturbances in daily solutions that can be induced by tectonics stress. The daily position changes derived from GNSS data demonstrate the long or short term trends, which are affected by offsets of different nature. Author presents an analysis based on frequency of parameter – displacement vector azimuth. The aim of the analysis is to show statistical significance of observed small values of temporal displacements, which values are not normally distributed. There are “outliers” of the normal distribution of displacement azimuths, which values show a certain reproducibility, which corresponds to orientations of tectonic lines. That suggests small, short time movements along boundaries of horsts and grabens – a crustal-extension structure of the area. However derived results (values of displacements) are less than a limitation error, temporal distributions of coordinates are not random as usually data errors. So in author’s opinion the spatial-temporal evolution of horizontal displacements of ASG EUPOS stations in the Sudety Mts. and in adjacent areas are determined by expressions of underlying geological structures.
Verification of the Polish Geodetic Reference Frame by Means of a New Solution Based on Permanent GNSS Data from the Years 2011-2014
Authors: Liwosz T. , Ryczywolski M.
Published: January 2017

The new solution for the Polish geodetic primary GNSS network was created to verify the currently used reference frame (PL-ETRF2000). The new solution is based on more GNSS data (more daily observation sessions included, a longer data timespan, GLONASS observations added) which were processed in a newer reference frame (IGb08) according to up-to-date methodology and using the latest version of Bernese GNSS Software. The new long-term solution (spanning 3.7 years) was aligned to the IGb08 reference frame using a minimum constraints approach. We categorized Polish reference stations into two categories according to their data length. We obtained good agreement of the new solution with the PL-ETRF2000: for most stations position differences did not exceed 5 mm in horizontal, and 10 mm in vertical components. However, for 30 stations we observed discontinuities in position time series, mostly due to GNSS equipment changes, which occured after the introduction of PL-ETRF2000. Position changes due to the discontinuities reached 9.1 mm in horizontal components, and 26.9 mm in vertical components. The new solution takes into account position discontinuities, and in addition also includes six new stations which were installed after the introduction of the PL-ETRF2000. Therefore, we propose to update the currently-used reference frame for the Polish geodetic primary network (PL-ETRF2000) with the new solution. The new solution was also accepted by the EUREF Technical Working Group as a class A solution (highest accuracy) according to EUREF standards.
Human (In)Consistencies in Ian McEwan’s Amsterdam
Authors: Anghel Florentina
Published: January 2017

Ian McEwan’s Amsterdam has supplied its readers with psychological, moral and social topical issues presented in an easy flowing and exhilarating style. Starting from the assumption that life consists of a series of inconsistencies which are inherent and bring their contribution to the individual’s formation, the paper aims at demonstrating that the protagonists’ judgmental and moral inconsistencies, which are used as a plot generator and are environmentally determined, reveal features of their personality.
Kingsley Amis: The Prescriptivist
Authors: Cehan Nadina
Published: January 2017

In The King’s English: A Guide to Modern Usage, Kingsley Amis identified H. W. Fowler as his great predecessor. Amis revealed himself as a soldier in the army of prescriptivists, voices that settle ‘modern linguistic problems’ while proudly parading as non-linguists. The book exposed Amis’s acrimonious dispute with descriptive linguists, while the writer delivered his very own brand of linguistics to his readers. This paper looks at the success of Amis’s book and its similarities with Fowler’s. It also emphasizes the continuity and popularity of usage handbooks while presenting some of their chief characteristics as exemplified by Amis’s work.
“Only the Gods are Real”: The Mythopoeic Dimension of Neil Gaiman’s American Gods
Authors: Rață Irina
Published: January 2017

This paper aims to address the mythopoeic aspect of Neil Gaiman’s American Gods, so as to disclose the elements of American cultural identity embedded in the novel. It is an attempt to analyse its legends, myths, folklore, popular culture figures, intertwined with Old World mythology, assessing their viability as modern myths, through the lens of formalist and structuralist reading.
Desire under the Tribe in Nuruddin Farah’s A Naked Needle and Ken N. Kamoche’s “Secondhand Wife”
Authors: Ben Meriem Helmi
Published: January 2017

This paper will address the notion of desire in Ken N. Kamoche’s “Secondhand Wife” and Nuruddin Farah’s A Naked Needle; it will be centered on the idea of men’s and women’s sexual desire as caught between being controlled and willing to be free. Desire will be studied as being controlled by the tribe in Kenya and Somalia, which channels men’s and women’s desire into pre-made forms. These channels of desire approved by the tribe are contested in Kenya and Somalia by both men and women. Desire is then situated between collective manipulation and individual freedom.
Profiling Pragmatic Competence of Foreign Language Learners
Authors: Kusevska Marija , Ivanovska Biljana , Daskalovska Nina , Ulanska Tatjana
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this study is to explore the components that foreign language learners need to acquire in order to develop their pragmatic competence. This paper presents a description of phase one of an ongoing research project at Goce Delcev University-Stip, Republic of Macedonia, on developing pragmatic competence of foreign language learners. We first define pragmatic competence; then we discuss data collection instruments and procedures; and we conclude with an outlook on further research.
Metaphors of Happiness in English and Russian
Authors: Csillag Andrea
Published: January 2017

According to Ekman et al. (1972), happiness is one of the six universal basic human emotions. Kövecses (2000) claims that certain aspects of the conceptualization of emotions are universal or nearuniversal. The paper compares linguistic expressions to discuss the question of the universality of the emotion happiness and its metaphors in English and Russian.
The Influence of Classroom Management Quality on the Students’ Behaviour
Authors: Niculescu Maria , Franţ Ancuţa Ioana
Published: January 2017

The value of a teacher depends, among others, on their ability to transfer information from the scientific level to that of the efficient reception and understanding of each beneficiary of education, depending on individual features and age.

The present study investigates the teachers’ and students’ beliefs and visions about student behaviour management.

Starting from the assumption that the identification of the line between formative supervision vs punitive supervision or between formative supervision vs the absence of supervision is a sensitive issue, the present study analyses these forms of supervision in order to provide support for high quality professional development and training.
Medieval Multilingualism in Poland: Creating a Corpus of Greater Poland Court Oaths (Rotha)
Authors: Kopaczyk Joanna , Włodarczyk Matylda , Adamczyk Elżbieta
Published: January 2017

In this paper we introduce the research plan for the preparation of a searchable electronic repository of the earliest extant legal oaths from medieval Poland drawing on the expertise in historical corpus-building developed for the history of English. The oaths survive in the overwhelmingly Latin land books from the period between 1386 and 1446 for six localities Greater Poland, in which the land courts operated: Poznań, Kościan, Pyzdry, Gniezno, Konin and Kalisz. A diplomatic edition of the oaths was published in five volumes by Polish historical linguists (Kowalewicz & Kuraszkiewicz 1959–1966). The edition is the only comprehensive resource of considerable scope (over 6300 oaths from the years 1386–1446) for the study of the earliest attestations of the Polish language beyond glosses. Recognising some limitations, but most of all its unparalleled coverage of the coexistence of Latin and the vernacular, the ROThA project embarks on transforming the edition into an open up-to-date digital resource. We thus aim to facilitate research into the history of Polish and Latin as well as of the legal system and the related social and linguistic issues of the period.
The Visual Text: Bibliographic Codes as Pragmatic Markers on a Manuscript Page
Authors: Rogos-Hebda Justyna
Published: January 2017

Abstract1

This paper explores the dynamics of the textual-visual interface of a medieval manuscript page within the frameworks of historical pragmatics and pragmaphilological approaches to the study of historical texts. Whilst the former focuses on the contexts in which historical utterances, manifested as texts, occur (Jacobs & Jucker 1995: 11), the latter involves a context-based perspective in the study of individual historical texts (Jucker 2000: 91). Combining the two approaches allows for a more comprehensive study of the “visual text” (cf. Machan 2011) than has been possible for paleographic, codicological, or linguistic analyses of medieval manuscripts. The present paper adopts the “pragmatics-on-the-page” approach (cf. Carroll et al. 2013, Peikola et al. 2014) in its analysis of bibliographic codes in British Library Royal MS 18 D II, which contains the texts of Lydgate’s Troy Book and Siege of Thebes. Such visual elements of the manuscript page as mise en page, ink colour, as well as type and size of script will be examined as pragmatic markers, functioning on three levels of meaning: textual, interactional, and metalinguistic (cf. Erman 2001, Carroll et al. 2013), and providing (visual) contexts for interpreting the linguistic message of the text.
John Lydgate’s Use of Prepositions and Adverbs Meaning ‘Between’
Authors: Ciszek-Kiliszewska Ewa
Published: January 2017

The aim of the present study is to thoroughly analyse the prepositions and adverbs meaning ‘between’ in the works of a Late Middle English poet John Lydgate. As regards their quality, aspects such as the etymology, syntax, dialect, temporal and textual distribution of the analysed lexemes will be presented. In terms of the quantity, the actual number of tokens of the prepositions and adverbs meaning ‘between’ employed in John Lydgate’s works will be provided and compared to the parallel statistics concerning Middle English texts collected by the Middle English Dictionary online and the Corpus of Middle English Prose and Verse.

The most spectacular finding is that John Lydgate regularly uses atwēn, twēn(e) and atwix(t)(en), which are recorded in hardly any other Middle English texts. Moreover, the former two lexemes, and sporadically also atwix(t)(en), produce the highest number of tokens of all lexemes meaning ‘between’ in each analysed Lydgate’s text, which is unique in the whole history of the English language.
Trophic Relationships and Status of Reservoirs with and without Occurrence of Dreissena ssp. (Mollusca, Bivalvia) Built on Bulgarian Danube River Tributaries
Authors: Kalchev Roumen , Beshkova Mihaela , Kalcheva Hristina
Published: January 2017

The trophic status and relationships between Secchi depth transparency (SD) chlorophyll-a (CHL) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations from nine non-infested and five infested areas with invasive alien species, Dreissena ssp. reservoirs, situated on the Bulgarian Danube River tributaries were studied. The trophic status index (TSI) values after Carlson (1977), and showed statistically significant differences for all three variables between infested and non-infested reservoirs. The three linear regression equations between SD × CHL, CHL × TP and SD × TP were statistically significant for the group of non-infested reservoirs, while in the infested reservoirs only the SDxCHL regression was statistically significant for P < 0.05. Our results showed that the Dreissena invasion destroyed the linear relationship between CHL × TP and SD × TP and seems to affects the accurate application of Carlson TSI.
Suport System for the Management of the Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi, 1863) Populations of the ROSCI0227 – Sighișoara-Târnava Mare
Authors: Bănăduc Doru , Cismaș Ioana-Cristina , Miricescu Dan , Curtean-Bănăduc Angela
Published: January 2017

ADONIS:CE was used to design a computer model for the management of Sabanejewia aurata (De Filippi, 1863) populations in the Natura 2000 site of Sighişoara-Târnava Mare (ROSCI0227). The recommended management model is based on the environmental needs of the species, inventoried according to the local habitats, as well as the indicators of conservation status and relevant management measures, and takes into account human pressures and threats identified in the research area. Such computer models were established for all protected fish species found at the site ROSCI0227.
Approaching the Potential of World Marine Fisheries
Authors: del Monte-Luna Pablo , Lluch-Belda Daniel , Arreguín-Sánchez Francisco , Lluch-Cota Salvador , Villalobos-Ortiz Héctor
Published: January 2017

During the last 60 years, the world marine fisheries potential has been estimated between 22·106tons and 1 400·106tons.

However, there are no certain indications of when and with what probability such potential will be reached.

By fitting a logistic curve to the observed world marine catch, corrected for discards and illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing, here we calculated that such potential stands between 132·106tons and 153·106tons and might be achieved as soon as the year 2027, with 95% confidence.
Measuring the Extent of the Environmental Pollution in the Waters of the Al-Diwani River by Certain Trace Elements Resulting from Al-Diwani Textile Factory Using Spectroscopic Methods
Authors: Al-Rufaie Mohauman Mahammad
Published: January 2017

The textile industry is a key source of pollution in fresh water. The concentration of key heavy metal pollutants (cobalt, nickel, lead, mercury, cadmium, copper, and iron) as well as pH value and conductivity were measured in water samples taken from the input and output (waste water) of Al-Diwani textile factory on the Al-Diwani River, Iraq. These samples were measured using two methods, flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and spectrometry. This paper considers the relative effectiveness of each method for measuring the concentrations of the elements, and discusses which method is best for which element. It was found that the first method is more accurate for measuring the concentrations for all elements except iron.
Amphipod (Crustacea, Amphipoda) Communities in the North-Western Part of the Black Sea
Authors: Kudrenko S. A.
Published: January 2017

The data about the community composition, number and biomass of amphipods in three gulfs of the North-Western Black Sea are presented. The amphipod communities of the gulfs of Yahorlyk, Karkinit, and Tendra were studied and the species composition was compared with the previously published data. For each particular gulf, the list of amphipod species was composed. The quantitative parameters of the amphipod communities in the studied localities in different years were described.
Further Data on the Extinct Ant Genus Eocenomyrma (Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
Authors: Radchenko A. G. , Dlussky G. M.
Published: January 2017

Eocenomyrma ukrainica sp. n. and E. breviscapa sp. n., two new ant species of the extinct genus Eocenomyrma Dlussky et Radchenko, are described from the Rovno amber (Late Eocene, Priabonian, 34–38 Ma). E. ukrainica (described based on the male and gyne) differs from the previously known species of this genus by the shorter propodeal spines and by the sculpture of the head and mesosoma. E. breviscapa is described based on the single worker and differs from all known Eocenomyrma species by the punctated head, mesosoma and waist, by another shape of the petiole, by the shorter propodeal spines, and by the distinctly shorter antennal scape. Additional data on the record of E. rugosostriata (Mayr) and E. orthospina Dlussky et Radchenko is provided. A key for the identification of six known Eocenomyrma species is compiled. The character of the forewing venation of the male and gyne of E. ukrainica supports our idea about relation of this genus and the genus Temnothorax Mayr, and placing Eocenomyrma to the tribe Formicoxenini.
Late Neogene and Pleistocene Porgy Fishes (Teleostei, Sparidae) of the Eastern Paratethys, with Comments on their Palaeoecology
Authors: Šoster A. , Kovalchuk O. M.
Published: January 2017

The present paper deals with results of the study of porgy fish (Sparidae) remains from the upper Miocene, lower and upper Pliocene, and the lower Pleistocene of Ukraine. Isolated molariform teeth were assigned to Pagrus cinctus, Pagrus sp., as well as to Sparidae? gen. et sp. indet. These findings expand our knowledge of the species composition of the Late Cenozoic fish assemblages of Southeastern Europe and force partially reconsider conclusions formulated earlier about their environment.