bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gastos com internações hospitalares por doenças relacionadas à inatividade física no Brasil
Authors: Barreto Isabel de Jesus Brandão , Guarda Flávio Renato Barros da , Silva Rafaela Niels da , Farias Shirlley Jackllanny Martins de , Silva Ântony Eliel Andrade da , Silva Paloma Beatriz Costa
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Descrever os gastos com internações hospitalares por doenças relacionadas à inatividade física (DRIF) no Brasil em 2018. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, de corte transversal, cuja fonte de dados foi o Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde. Resultados: As internações por DRIF geraram um gasto de R$1.436.896.691,00 para o SUS, representando 10,49% do gasto com todas as internações. As doenças do aparelho circulatório provocaram um gasto de R$1.104.707.722,68; as internações por câncer de mama e de colón promoveram gastos de R$139.028.192,79 e R$100.418.450,53, respectivamente, e as internações por diabetes mellitus demandaram R$92.679.325,08 dos cofres públicos. Conclusão: Os gastos com internações por doenças relacionadas à inatividade física denotam a necessidade de (re)orientação das políticas públicas, sobretudo as de promoção da saúde, pois o aumento da prática de atividade física pode contribuir para a redução dos gastos com internações e permitir a realocação de recursos para outras ações em saúde.
Idosas e prática de atividade física: correlação entre estado cognitivo e níveis de escolaridade
Authors: Gomes Fabio Ricardo Hilgenberg , Gasparotto Guilherme da Silva , Oliveira Valdomiro de , Vagetti Gislaine Cristina
Published: June 2020

Este estudo teve objetivo de verificar a possível relação entre o nível de escolaridade e o estado cognitivo de idosas ativas e insuficientemente ativas. A amostra foi composta por 544 idosas brasileiras, com média de idade de 68,9 (±6,64), média do tempo de estudo, em anos, foi 5,17 (±4,1). Foram classificadas como ativas 74,4% das idosas e 54,6% da amostra apresentou déficit cognitivo. Os questionários utilizados foram: Sociodemográfico, IPAQ e o Mini Mental State. Foram apresentadas as frequências relativa e acumulada, coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, análise de variância Two Way e o teste t de Student, adotando como significância p<0,05.Verificou-se associação entre o escore cognitivo e o tempo de escolaridade, sendo mais forte em idosas ativas. A ANOVA de dois fatores demonstrou diferença nas médias do escore cognitivo com as categorias de escolaridade (F=14,287; p<0,000) e entre o nível de atividade física (F=4,709; p<0,030), tendo o teste de Bonferroni indicado que apenas no grupo de idosas ativas existe diferença de médias do escore cognitivo em relação as categorias de escolaridade. Na análise do teste t para amostras independentes, as idosas do nível fundamental ativas fisicamente demonstram ter melhor média do escore cognitivo (t=24,20; p<0,04) em comparação às idosas insuficientemente ativas. A escolaridade e atividade física revelaram-se importantes fatores relacionados com superávit cognitivo na amostra. Conclui-se que a atividade física parece exercer papel relevante na cognição, e pode colaborar na manutenção cognitiva em idosos. Assim como, a escolaridade pode ter função importante perante a cognição.
Đánh giá sự phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng của bệnh nhân khám hiếm muộn
Authors: Ho Manh Tuong , Nguyen Minh Tai Loc , Duong Nguyen Duy Tuyen , Le Hoang Anh , Pham Thanh Liem , Le Thi Bich Phuong , Nguyen Thi Mai , Nguyen Thi Quynh Tien
Published: June 2020

Giới thiệu: Khoảng 15% nam giới vô sinh có chỉ số tinh dịch đồ bình thường, trong đó 8% những bệnh nhân này có bất thường về DNA tinh trùng. Hiện nay, phương pháp khảo sát cấu trúc nhiễm sắc chất tinh trùng là phương pháp được sử dụng rộng rãi để đánh giá sự phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng.

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá tỷ lệ phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng trên bệnh nhân đến khám hiếm muộn tại hệ thống IVFMD bằng phương pháp SCSA. Đánh giá mối tương quan giữa các chỉ số của tinh dịch đồ cũng như một số yếu tố khác ảnh hưởng đến chỉ số phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng (DFI).

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu cắt ngang mô tả, tiến cứu được thực hiện trên 99 bệnh nhân nam đến khám hiếm muộn và có chỉ định xét nghiệm tinh dịch đồ tại hệ thống IVFMD từ 07/2019 đến 09/2019. Thông tin bệnh nhân được thu nhận, DFI được xác định bằng SCSA.

Kết quả: Bệnh nhân được chia thành 3 nhóm DFI thấp (≤ 15%), trung bình (15% < DFI ≤ 30%), và cao (> 30%) với tỷ lệ lần lượt là: 51,5%; 29,3% và 19,2% trên tổng số các bệnh nhân đưa vào nghiên cứu. Chỉ số khối cơ thể, hút thuốc lá, uống rượu, bia và các chỉ số tinh dịch đồ bao gồm mật độ, hình dạng, và tỷ lệ sống không ảnh hưởng đến sự phân mảnh DNA tinh trùng. Tuy nhiên, so với hai nhóm DFI trung bình và thấp, nhóm DFI cao có thời gian kiêng xuất tinh dài hơn (7,58 ± 9,06 ngày so với 3,96 ± 1,92 và 3,67 ± 1,69, p = 0,007) và độ tuổi lớn hơn (38,79 ± 6,36 tuổi so với 32,77 ± 5,41 và 34,42 ± 7,00, p = 0,002). Mặt khác, nhóm DFI thấp có tỷ lệ tinh trùng di động cao hơn hai nhóm còn lại (54,20 ± 13,61% so với 41,14 ± 15,82% và 43,21 ± 15,11%, p < 0,001).

Kết luận: Bệnh nhân có chỉ số DFI cao có thời gian kiêng xuất tinh dài và lớn tuổi hơn hai nhóm DFI thấp và trung bình. Tinh trùng ở nhóm DFI thấp di động tốt hơn so với hai nhóm DFI trung bình và cao.
Kết quả đông lạnh noãn ở bệnh nhân điều trị thụ tinh trong ống nghiệm
Authors: Le Thuy Hong Kha , Tran Tú Cầm , Pham Duong Toan
Published: June 2020

Mục tiêu nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả của đông lạnh noãn chủ động bằng phương pháp thủy tinh hóa ở bệnh nhân điều trị thụ tinh trong ống nghiệm.

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Đây là một nghiên cứu đoàn hệ hồi cứu được thực hiện đa trung tâm thuộc hệ thống IVFMD từ tháng 6/2017 đến 12/2018 ở bệnh nhân có đông noãn chủ động. Noãn sau khi rã đông sẽ được nuôi cấy và tiến hành thực hiện tiêm tinh trùng vào bào tương noãn như thường quy. Tỉ lệ thai lâm sàng, tỉ lệ làm tổ của phôi là các yếu tố đánh giá hiệu quả trong nghiên cứu.

Kết quả: Từ tháng 6/2017 đến tháng 12/2018, chúng tôi đã tiến hành đông lạnh 910 chu kỳ (với 2174 noãn đã được đông lạnh), rã đông 196 trường hợp (với số noãn rã đông là 1305 noãn), trong đó có 91 trường hợp thỏa tiêu chuẩn nhận. Kết quả cho thấy tỉ lệ sống của noãn sau rã đông đạt 95,59 ± 13,60%, tỉ lệ thụ tinh 78,96 ± 24,88%. Tỉ lệ thai lâm sàng, tỉ lệ làm tổ lần lượt là 30,8% và 21,61%.

Kết luận: Kết quả nghiên cứu này cho thấy việc đông lạnh noãn có thể trở thành một hướng điều trị, áp dụng cho bệnh nhân thụ tinh trong ống nghiệm.
So sánh hiệu quả tạo phôi nang khi sử dụng hệ môi trường đơn bước thay mới và không thay mới môi trường vào ngày 3
Authors: Nguyen Thi Quynh Tien , Tran Tu Cam , Luu Thi Minh Tam , Pham Thieu Quan , Huynh Gia Bao
Published: June 2020

Mục tiêu: So sánh hiệu quả tạo phôi nang hữu dụng và kết quả điều trị khi sử dụng môi trường đơn bước giữa thay mới và không thay mới môi trường ở giai đoạn phôi ngày 3.

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu đoàn hệ hồi cứu trên 200 bệnh nhân thực hiện thụ tinh trong ống nghiệm tại Đơn vị Hỗ trợ sinh sản, Bệnh viện đa khoa Mỹ Đức từ tháng 8/2017 đến tháng 12/2017. Các bệnh nhân được chia thành 2 nhóm, nhóm 1: có thay mới môi trường (n = 97) vào ngày 3 và nhóm 2: không thay mới môi trường (n = 103) vào ngày 3. Vào ngày 5, đánh giá phôi và lựa chọn phôi để trữ. Đánh giá kết quả điều trị dựa trên lần chuyển phôi trữ đầu tiên.

Kết quả: Sự khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê về tỷ lệ tạo phôi nang hữu dụng (22,06% và 19,77%; p = 0,205) giữa 2 nhóm. Tương tự, sự khác biệt không có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa 2 nhóm về tỷ lệ thai lâm sàng, tỷ lệ làm tổ và tỷ lệ sẩy thai (68,1% và 73,2%; p = 0,576; 53,3% và 59,1%; p = 0,36; 4,4% và 7,3%; p = 0,62). Tỷ lệ tạo phôi nang ở nhóm không thay mới có xu hướng cao hơn ở nhóm thay mới (55,51% và 51,06%, p = 0,09).

Kết luận: Dữ liệu từ nghiên cứu cho thấy việc không thay mới và thay mới môi trường vào ngày 3 cho khả năng tạo phôi nang hữu dụng tương đương nhau, đồng thời khi đánh giá kết quả điều trị trong lần chuyển phôi trữ đầu tiên cho thấy không có sự khác biệt.
Vai trò nhuộm hóa mô miễn dịch BCL6 nội mạc tử cung ở các trường hợp vô sinh
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hiep Tuyet , Le Minh Tam , Dang Cong Thuan
Published: June 2020

Lạc nội mạc tử cung (LNMTC) là nguyên nhân hàng đầu gây đau và vô sinh ở phụ nữ trong độ tuổi sinh sản. Việc chẩn đoán LNMTC còn gặp khó khăn, những hạn chế trong ứng dụng về kiến thức dấu ấn sinh học để sàng lọc, chẩn đoán và theo dõi sự tái phát của bệnh này gây chậm trễ trong chẩn đoán và điều trị. BCL6 là một phân tử đa tiềm năng vì các gen mục tiêu của nó có liên quan đến các phân tử khác nhau, bao gồm cytokine, chemokine, protein liên quan đến tổn thương DNA, protein liên quan đến apoptosis và các yếu tố phiên mã. BCL6 có vai trò triển vọng là dấu ấn sinh học ở mô nội mạc tử cung chẩn đoán duy nhất để phát hiện LNMTC ở phụ nữ vô sinh không rõ nguyên nhân và có thể liên quan đến rối loạn chức năng nội mạc tử cung, bao gồm cả kháng progesterone. Những nghiên cứu về biểu hiện dấu ấn sinh học nội mạc tử cung có thể mở ra con đường mới cho cả điều trị và hỗ trợ sinh sản trong tương lai.
PENGARUH TAUTAN SILANG STPP (SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPATE) PADA PATI GANYONG, SINGKONG DAN TALAS TERHADAP KADAR PATI, AMILOSA, SWELLING POWER DAN SOLUBIITY
Authors: Nursanty Nursanty , Sugiarti Yenny
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Tautan Silang STPP (Sodium Tripolyphospate) pada  Pati Ganyong, Singkong dan Talas. Terhadap Kadar Pati, Amilosa, Swelling Power dan Solubiity Rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan yaitu perlakuan A terdiri dari tiga taraf dan perlakuan B terdiri dari 4 taraf serta tiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali.  Dua perlakuan terdiri dari jenis pati (A1= pati ganyong A2= pati singkong, A3= pati talas ) dan konsentrasi STPP (B0= 0%,  B1= 0,5%, B2= 1%, B3= 1,5 %). Parameter yang diamati meliputi kadar pati, kadar amilosa, swelling power, solubility. Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan jenis pati dan konsentrasi STPP berpengaruh nyata pada karakteristik pati. Karakteristik pati ganyong terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan A1B3,  dengan kadar pati 80,15%, kadar amilosa 24,42%, swelling power 16,077 dan solubility 20,67%  sedangkan karakteristik pati singkong terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan A2B3, dengan kadar pati 61,91%, kadar amilosa 23,85%, swelling power 17,157  dan solubility 24,37% kemudian karakteristik pati talas terbaik yaitu pada perlakuan A3B3,  dengan kadar pati 67,75%, kadar amilosa 23,88 %, swelling power 14,823, solubility 21,97%.
Participación de las MIPYMES al desarrollo local, resultado de la actividad turística gastronómica: caso de estudio
Authors: Peña-Hernández Abel Efraín , Bory Reyes Juan , Villafaña-Rivera Francisco , Flores-Amador Cristina , Espitia-López Josefa
Published: June 2020

El turismo gastronómico en México es muy diverso, algunos destinos turísticos han adoptado esta iniciativa para atraer un mercado potencial, donde los principales actores del sistema son las micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYMES). En el presente trabajo de investigación se estudiaron las relaciones existentes entre los prestadores de servicios y la actividad turística gastronómica en Villa de Tezontepec, Hidalgo, por medio de la Metodología de Sistemas Suaves, que permitió caracterizar la influencia de los actores clave y los elementos internos y externos del sistema correspondiente a las MIPYMES gastronómicas locales, para identificar alcances e impactos reflejados en el desarrollo local.
Efecto del preservado de la madera con boro sobre el módulo dinámico (evaluación por medio de ultrasonido)
Authors: Sotomayor-Castellanos Javier Ramón
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue observar el efecto del tratamiento de preservación con sales de boro sobre la densidad, la velocidad de onda y el módulo de elasticidad dinámico en las maderas Guazuma ulmifolia, Spathodea campanulata y Abies religiosa. Se prepararon lotes de treinta y cinco probetas que se preservaron con el método baño caliente-frío, con una solución concentrada al tres por ciento. Para cada especie se determinó la densidad, la velocidad de onda y el módulo de elasticidad dinámico, antes y después del tratamiento. Además, se calculó la absorción y la retención de sales. Se realizaron pruebas de diferencia de medias y se calcularon regresiones para las variables, antes y después de tratamiento. Se encontró que el tratamiento de preservación modifica la densidad, la velocidad de ultrasonido y el módulo de elasticidad dinámico en las maderas G. ulmifolia, S. campanulata y A. religiosa. Sin embargo, la retención de sales de boro es una característica particular para la madera de cada especie. Este componente satisface los estándares necesarios para su empleo en condiciones donde se requiere un método de protección.
Assignment Artifacts and What They Reveal About How Occupation Is Addressed in U.S. Occupational Therapy Curricula
Authors: Hooper Barb , Krishnagiri Sheama , Price Pollie , Taff Steven D. , Bilics Andrea
Published: June 2020

Importance: Artifacts convey essential skills, tools, and concepts to students. Studies of artifacts can therefore illumine priorities for learning.

Objective: To describe the skills, tools, and concepts that assignment artifacts required students to learn, especially in relation to occupation.

Design: Educators submitted 243 artifacts that illustrated how their programs addressed occupation. Artifacts included syllabi, lectures, assignments, rubrics, study guides, texts, and learning objectives. A sociocultural research paradigm informed a secondary analysis of all assignment artifacts. Assignments were coded for the skills, tools, and underlying concepts students were to use, particularly related to occupation.

Setting: U.S. occupational therapist and occupational therapy assistant academic programs.

Participants: Twenty-five U.S academic programs selected through stratified random sampling that targeted representation by geographic region and the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education. Fifteen occupational therapy and 10 occupational therapy assistant programs consented.

Results: Assignment artifacts required students to interview, observe, analyze, and teach (skills); artifacts emphasized learning the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process (tool). Few artifacts required students to relate skills and tools to broader concepts, including occupation. Those that did used prompts that were ancillary to the assignment. Grading rubrics seldom measured students’ ability to connect skills and tools to occupation.

Conclusions and Relevance: By emphasizing skills and tools detached from the concepts supporting their relevance to occupation, the artifacts reflected black box learning. Creating artifacts that reflect glass box learning can improve education. In glass box learning, artifacts are transparent and clearly delineate the skills, tools, and conceptual understandings to be gained.

What This Study Adds: For researchers, the study highlights the importance of including artifacts in studies of occupational therapy education. For educators, the study gives guidance for creating assignments that clearly delineate skills, tools, and concepts.
Development of a Computerized Adaptive Testing System for Assessing Social Knowledge in People With Schizophrenia
Authors: Chiang Hsin-Yu , Lee Shih-Chieh , Lin Po-Han , Chou Chia-Yeh , Hsieh Ching-Lin
Published: June 2020

Importance: A psychometrically sound measure of social knowledge (SK) is necessary to assess people with schizophrenia because they tend to have moderate to severe deficits in SK.

Objective: To develop a computerized adaptive test (CAT) for assessing SK in people with schizophrenia.

Design: Two phases, consisting of (1) development and validation of an SK item bank and (2) determination of the best stopping rules for the CAT.

Setting: Two psychiatric hospitals.

Participants: Two hundred thirty-six people diagnosed with schizophrenia through convenience sampling.

Measure: Computerized Adaptive Test–Social Knowledge (CAT–SK).

Results: The SK items were examined using Rasch analysis. A CAT simulation was performed to determine the best set of stopping rules for achieving high reliability and efficiency. After unsuitable items were removed, 71 items remained with acceptable model fit (infit and outfit mean square <1.4) and no gender bias. Two suboptimal alternative sets of rules were identified. The most efficient set used 21 items to achieve acceptable Rasch reliability (.81). The most reliable set used 40 items to achieve satisfactory Rasch reliability (.88). High correlations (r > .93) between CAT–SK scores and scores on the SK item bank support the concurrent validity of the CAT–SK.

Conclusions and Relevance: The CAT–SK appears to be a valid assessment that can provide reliable or efficient measures of SK. If high reliability is needed, examiners can adopt the most reliable set of 40 items. If efficiency is the primary concern, they can adopt the most efficient set of 21 items.

What This Article Adds: The CAT–SK is a valid measure of SK with flexibility to meet examiners’ needs.
Protective and Health-Related Factors Contributing to Resilience Among Student Veterans: A Classification Approach
Authors: Kinney Adam R. , Schmid Arlene A. , Henry Kimberly L. , Coatsworth J. Douglas , Eakman Aaron M.
Published: June 2020

Importance: Occupational therapists can foster student veterans’ resilience, but targets for intervention must be developed.

Objective: To explain factors influencing student veterans’ successful adaptation to past combat exposure, we hypothesized that participants with high life meaning would have greater levels of protective factors and lower levels of health conditions than those with low life meaning.

Design: Longitudinal panel study with two measurements. Participants were classified by level of combat exposure (high–low) and life meaning (high–low) at follow-up, yielding four possible classifications (e.g., resilient group: high combat exposure, high life meaning). Linear mixed models were fit to obtain adjusted means of protective factors and health conditions for each classification; independent-samples t tests were used to examine differences between classifications.

Setting: Community.

Participants: Convenience sample of 153 combat-exposed student veterans.

Outcomes and Measures: Psychometrically sound measures of combat exposure, life meaning, protective factors (social and instructor autonomy support, coping ability, academic self-efficacy, social–community participation, and meaningful activity), and health conditions (posttraumatic stress [PTSD], depression, somatic symptoms).

Results: Groups with high life meaning at follow-up in response to both levels of combat exposure reported greater meaningful activity and coping ability and fewer depressive symptoms. Participants with high life meaning in response to low combat exposure had greater social support and fewer somatic symptoms; participants with high life meaning in response to high combat exposure had lower PTSD.

Conclusions and Relevance: Occupational therapists may foster student veterans’ resilience by promoting meaningful activity, social support, and coping ability while managing symptoms of health conditions.

What This Article Adds: To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to offer empirical support for potential targets of occupational therapy intervention that address student veterans’ successful adaptation to combat exposure. Findings suggest that researchers should develop and test interventions that facilitate successful engagement in meaningful and shared activities and that occupational therapists should work within multidisciplinary teams to bolster coping ability and manage symptoms of combat-related health conditions.
Recovery Programs for People With Mental Illness in Taiwan: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Chang Yen-Ching , Chen Ming-De , Pickett Susan A. , Chen Po See , Su Wen-Chen
Published: June 2020

Importance: Most recovery programs have been developed in Western countries. This study explores the cultural adaptation of a recovery program to a non-Western country.

Objective: To test the feasibility of a recovery group developed for people with mental illness in Taiwan.

Design: Mixed-methods feasibility study.

Setting: Community psychiatric rehabilitation center in southern Taiwan.

Participants: Twenty-four people with mental illness living in the community.

Intervention: The authors designed a recovery group based on the Pathways to Recovery program and the mental health recovery literature. The curriculum included two phases: recovery profile and recovery plan. The group gathered for a 1-hr session once a week for 18 wk.

Outcomes and Measures: Outcomes were assessed preintervention, mid-intervention, and postintervention. Data collected included Stages of Recovery Scale (SRS) scores, course assessments, and course discussions.

Results: Most participants were satisfied with the recovery program and its implementation. Scores on the Social Functioning/Role Performance subscale of the SRS showed a medium to large effect size (r = .36) for the Recovery Stage 1–3 subsample (n = 16).

Conclusion and Relevance: This study affirmed the feasibility of a recovery group for people with mental illness in Taiwan. Prospective randomized controlled trials should be used to verify recovery groups’ effectiveness.

What This Article Adds: Recovery programs tailored to people with mental illness in non-Western countries may need more examples and longer sessions to enable participants to fully understand and implement the concepts of recovery.
Impact of Recreational and Medicinal Cannabinoids on Quality of Life and Occupation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hunnicutt Carlneshia M. , Longpré Sheila M.
Published: June 2020

Importance: Cannabinoids are at the center of much interest and controversy within health care and society. However, minimal research has investigated the impact of cannabinoids on quality of life (QoL) and occupation.

Objective: The literature suggests that cannabinoids may have therapeutic potential, although the available research is limited. A scoping review was conducted to address the gap in the literature regarding the impact of recreational and medicinal cannabinoids on QoL and occupational engagement.

Data Sources: Databases searched included Ovid and CINAHL; sources derived from a manual search of reference lists were also used. Of the 691 articles that were identified, 22 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Study Selection and Data Collection: This scoping review was conducted in accordance with Arksey and O’Malley’s five stages. Inclusion criteria included English language, clear focus or description on the impact of nonsynthetic cannabinoids on QoL and occupation, and published between January 2011 and May 2019. Exclusion criteria included minors, single case studies, animal studies, antineoplastic articles, and articles that only discussed or investigated effects of synthetic cannabinoids.

Findings: The findings were inconclusive, and the primary research that emerged from the literature investigated the effects of cannabinoids on pain management, sleep, appetite, and other physiological functions in both recreational and medicinal users.

Conclusions and Relevance: The findings derived from the literature raised more questions, and further research is warranted. Occupational therapy practitioners have an opportunity to use their knowledge and skills to address the impact of cannabinoids on occupational engagement and QoL.

What This Article Adds: Practitioners have the opportunity to provide education regarding cannabis use and monitor how it affects occupational engagement and QoL for both recreational and medicinal users.
Measurement report: Dual-carbon isotopic characterization of carbonaceous aerosol in Beijing and Xi'an: distinctions in primary versus secondary sources
Authors: Ni Haiyan , Huang Ru-Jin , Cosijn Max M. , Yang Lu , Guo Jie , Cao Junji , Dusek Ulrike
Published: June 2020

Abstract. To mitigate haze pollution in China, a better understanding of the sources of carbonaceous aerosols is required due to the complexity in multiple emissions and atmospheric processes. Here we combined the analysis of radiocarbon and the stable isotope 13C to investigate the sources and formation of carbonaceous aerosols collected in two Chinese megacities (Beijing and Xi’an) during severe haze events of “red alarm” level from December 2016 to January 2017. In Xi’an, liquid fossil fuel combustion was the dominant source of elemental carbon (EC; 44 %–57 %), followed by biomass burning (25 %–29 %) and coal combustion (17 %–29 %). In Beijing, coal combustion contributed 45%–61% of EC and biomass burning (17 %–24 %) and liquid fossil fuel combustion (22 %–33 %) contributed less. Non-fossil sources contributed 51 %–56 % of organic carbon (OC) in Xi’an and fossil sources contributed 63 %–69 % of OC in Beijing. Secondary OC (SOC) was largely contributed by non-fossil sources in Xi’an (56 ± 6 %) and by fossil sources in Beijing (75 ± 10 %), especially during haze periods. The fossil vs. non-fossil contributions to OC and EC did not change drastically during haze events in both Xi’an and Beijing. However, compared to clean periods, the contribution of coal combustion to EC during haze periods increased in Xi’an and decreased in Beijing. During clean periods, primary OC from biomass burning and fossil sources constituted ~ 70 % of OC in Xi’an and ~ 53 % of OC in Beijing. From clean to haze periods, the contribution of SOC to total OC increased in Xi’an, but decreased in Beijing, suggesting that contribution of secondary organic aerosol formation to increased OC during haze periods was more efficient in Xi’an than in Beijing. In Beijing, the high SOC fraction in total OC during clean periods was mainly due to elevated contribution from non-fossil SOC. In Xi’an, a slight day-night difference was observed during clean period, with enhanced fossil contributions to OC and EC during the day. This day-night difference was negligible during severe haze periods, likely due to enhanced accumulation of pollutants under stagnant weather conditions.
Enhancement of secondary aerosol formation by reduced anthropogenic emissions during Spring Festival 2019 and enlightenment for regional PM2.5 control in Beijing
Authors: Wang Yuying , Li Zhanqing , Wang Qiuyan , Jin Xiaoai , Yan Peng , Cribb Maureen , Li Yanan , Yuan Cheng , Wu Hao , Wu Tong , Ren Rongmin , Cai Zhaoxin
Published: June 2020

Abstract. A comprehensive field experiment measuring aerosol chemical and physical properties at a suburban site in Beijing around the 2019 Spring Festival was carried out to investigate the impact of reduced anthropogenic emissions on aerosol formation. Sharply reduced sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) concentrations during the festival holiday resulted in an unexpected increase in the surface ozone (O3) concentration, leading to enhancement of the atmospheric oxidation capacity. Simultaneously, the reduced anthropogenic emissions resulted in massive decreases in particle number concentration at all sizes and the mass concentrations of organics and black carbon. However, the mass concentrations of inorganics (especially sulfate) decreased weakly. Detailed analyses of the sulfur oxidation ratio and the nitrogen oxidation ratio suggest that sulfate formation during the holiday could be promoted by enhanced nocturnal aqueous-phase chemical reactions between SO2 and O3 under moderate relative humidity (RH) conditions (40 %
Nation wide increase of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ultrafine particles during winter over China
Authors: Yu Qingqing , Ding Xiang , He Quanfu , Yang Weiqiang , Zhu Ming , Li Sheng , Zhang Runqi , Shen Ruqin , Zhang Yanli , Bi Xinhui , Wang Yuesi , Peng Ping’an , Wang Xinming
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic compounds in the atmosphere and have adverse effects on public health, especially through the inhalation of particulate matter (PM). At present, there are limited understandings in size distribution of particulate-bound PAHs and its health risk on a continental scale. In this study, we carried out a one-year PM campaign and simultaneously measured size-segregated PAHs at 12 sites across six regions of China. The annual averages of total 24 PAHs (∑24PAHs) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) carcinogenic equivalent concentration (BaPeq) ranged from 7.56 to 205 ng m−3 with a mean of 53.5 ng m−3 and 0.21 to 22.2 ng m−3 with a mean of 5.02 ng m−3, respectively. At all the sites, ∑24PAHs and BaPeq were dominated in the ultrafine particles with aerodynamic diameter <1.1 μm, followed by those in the size ranges of 1.1–3.3 µm and >3.3 µm. Compared with the southern China, the northern China witnessed much higher ∑24PAHs (87.36 ng m−3 vs. 17.56 ng m−3), BaPeq (8.48 ng m−3 vs. 1.34 ng m−3) and PAHs inhalation cancer risk (7.4 × 10−4 vs. 1.2 × 10−4). Nationwide increases in both PAH levels and inhalation cancer risk occurred in winter. The unfavorable meteorological conditions and enhanced emissions of coal combustion and biomass burning together led to severe PAHs pollution and high cancer risk in the atmosphere of the northern China, especially during winter. Our results suggested that the reduction of coal and biofuel consumption in the residential sector could be crucial and effective to lower PAH concentrations and its inhalation cancer risk in China.
ModIs Dust AeroSol (MIDAS): A global fine resolution dust optical depth dataset
Authors: Gkikas Antonis , Proestakis Emmanouil , Amiridis Vassilis , Kazadzis Stelios , Di Tomaso Enza , Tsekeri Alexandra , Marinou Eleni , Hatzianastassiou Nikos , Pérez García-Pando Carlos
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Monitoring and describing the spatiotemporal variability of dust aerosols is crucial to understand their multiple effects, related feedbacks and impacts within the Earth system. This study describes the development of the MIDAS (ModIs Dust AeroSol) dataset. MIDAS provides columnar daily dust optical depth (DOD at 550 nm) at global scale and fine spatial resolution (0.1° × 0.1°) over a decade (2007–2016). This new dataset combines quality filtered satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from MODIS-Aqua at swath level (Collection 6, Level 2), along with DOD-to-AOD ratios provided by MERRA-2 reanalysis to derive DOD on the MODIS native grid. The uncertainties of MODIS AOD and MERRA-2 dust fraction with respect to AERONET and CALIOP, respectively, are taken into account for the estimation of the total DOD uncertainty (including measurement and sampling uncertainties). MERRA-2 dust fractions are in very good agreement with CALIOP column-integrated dust fractions across the dust belt, in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean and the Arabian Sea; the agreement degrades in North America and the Southern Hemisphere where dust sources are smaller. MIDAS, MERRA-2 and CALIOP DODs strongly agree when it comes to annual and seasonal spatial patterns; however, deviations of dust loads' intensity are evident and regionally dependent. Overall, MIDAS is well correlated with ground-truth AERONET-derived DODs (R = 0.882), only showing a small negative bias (−0.009 or −5.307 %). Among the major dust areas of the planet, the highest R values (up to 0.977) are found at sites of N. Africa, Middle East and Asia. MIDAS expands, complements and upgrades existing observational capabilities of dust aerosols and it is suitable for dust climatological studies, model evaluation and data assimilation.
Flowing wells: history and role as a root of groundwater hydrology
Authors: Jiang Xiao-Wei , Cherry John , Wan Li
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The spewing of groundwater in flowing wells is a phenomenon of interest to the public, but little attention has been paid to the role of flowing wells on the science of groundwater. This study reviews that answering to problems related to flowing wells since the early 19th century led to the birth of many fundamental concepts and principles of groundwater hydrology. The concepts stemmed from flowing wells in confined aquifers include permeability and compressibility, while the principles include Darcy's law, role of aquitards on flowing well conditions and the piston flow pattern, steady-state well hydraulics in confined aquifers, and transient well hydraulics towards constant-head wells in confined or leaky aquifers, all of which are applicable even if flowing well conditions have disappeared. Due to the widespread occurrence of aquitards, there is a long-lasting misconception that flowing wells must be geologically-controlled. The occurrence of flowing wells in topographic lows of unconfined aquifers was anticipated in 1940 and later verified in the 1960s, accompanying with the birth of the theory of topographically-driven groundwater flow, which has been considered as a paradigm shift in groundwater hydrology. Based on studies following this new paradigm, several preconditions of flowing wells given in the 19th century have been found to be not necessary at all. This historical perspective of the causes of flowing well conditions and the role of flowing wells on the science of groundwater could lead to a deeper understanding of the evolution of groundwater hydrology.
Cooperación y reciprocidad en la economía colaborativa de Airbnb. Un estudio para la provincia turística de Misiones, Argentina
Authors: Dip Juan Antonio , Simes Horacio , Benítez Juan Pablo
Published: June 2020

Misiones es una de las provincias turísticas de excelencia en Argentina. Allí, empresas convencionales (hoteles y operadores turísticos orientados al mercado) han provistos los servicios turísticos tradicionalmente. Sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha observado un aumento considerable de personas que ven beneficioso compartir temporalmente sus propias casas y habitaciones con turistas de todo el mundo. La llegada de Airbnb ha permitido el encuentro entre pares en un ambiente de intercambio y colaboración bajo una plataforma virtual. Sin embargo, la forma en como está organizada, la cantidad de alojamientos disponibles, precios, sistema de evaluaciones, etc. son desconocidos por los hacedores de políticas (turísticas y fiscales) en la provincia, constituyéndolo en un fenómeno oculto. Por ello, este trabajo expone descriptivamente la composición de Airbnb en la provincia turística de Misiones, evalúa (mediante técnicas cuantitativas) la existencia de algún grado de cooperación y reciprocidad en el vínculo huésped-anfitrión para finalmente exteriorizar algunos puntos debatibles de la plataforma. Se encontró que la evaluación otorgada por el huésped respecto a la ubicación, la cantidad de habitaciones, el tipo de alojamiento, la política de cancelación y la evaluación global del anfitrión, afectan al precio del alojamiento. Preocuparse por la respuesta a consultas de los huéspedes junto a menores restricciones, afectan positivamente la calificación del anfitrión. La falta de transparencia en la dinámica financiera del dinero que recibe la plataforma por parte de los huéspedes, la tasa de ganancia de esta y su relación con la ganancia del propietario son puntos que se deben estudiar más en profundidad. En Argentina, el análisis de la plataforma Airbnb es exiguo y por ello, este trabajo es uno de los primeros en realizar un estudio bajo este esquema y temática.
The Effect of Nutritional Additives and Nitrogen Supplements Used for Nellore Steers During Growth Phase Fed on Deferred Pasture
Authors: Itavo Luis Carlos Vinhas , Itavo Camila Celeste Brandão Ferreira , Dias Alexandre Menezes , Franco Gumercindo Loriano , Morais Maria Da Graça , Souza Andréa Roberto Duarte Lopes , Pereira Camila Da Silva , Inacio Alexandre Guimarães , Mateus Rodrigo Gonçalves , Pereira Luiz Carlos
Published: June 2020

Dry season reduces the quantity and quality of forage available for cattle. To guarantee the quantity, deferred grazing is a good alternative, however supplementation is necessary to complement the nutritional quality of the diet. Therefore, this work evaluated the inclusion of nutritional additives (virginiamycin and salinomycin) in supplements provide to Nellore steers during growth phase on deferred pasture during the dry season. One hundred and twenty castrated steers with averaging weight 280.40 (±19.59) kg were distributed into groups with 20 animals each in six paddocks with 20 hectares each of Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG4 deferred by 60 days. The total experimental period was 120 days, with rotating groups in paddocks each 15 days. The treatments consisted in a protein-energy-mineral supplement, with 30% crude protein (CP), 40% total digestible nutrient (TDN) containing three different non-protein nitrogen (NPN) sources and with or without nutritional additive. The treatment containing virginiamycin showed better performance (P <0.05) than the treatments with salinomycin and without additive (negative control). The revenue from treatment with virginiamycin (US$ 97.28) was 7.6% and 9.8% higher than of the treatments without additive (US$ 90.41) and with salinomycin (US$ 88.63) respectively. Virginiamycin used in nitrogen supplements during the growing phase of Nellore steers on deferred pasture maintains performance in dry season and increases net margin per animal.
Weed Suppression With Babassu Straw and Spatial Rice Arrangement
Authors: Marinho Denise Lima Cavalcante , Santos Raimundo Nonato Viana , Nascimento Ivaneide de Oliveira , Corrêa Maria José Pereira , Silva Maria Rosângela Malheiros da
Published: June 2020

Soil cover and spatial crop arrangement are practices that can suppress weeds. The study aimed to evaluate the babassu straw cover and the spatial arrangement of rice crops as weed control. The experiment was conducted in two rice arrangements spatial, the first, with a spacing of 35 cm and sowing density of 87 kg ha-1 (S35D87); and the second, with a spacing of 45 cm and sowing density of 68 kg ha-1(S45D68), and four amounts of babassu straw (0.0; 8.5; 12.5; and 16.5 t ha-1). Weed density, dry mass, phytosociology, and crop productivity were assessed. Babassu straw at 16.5 t ha-1 in the two crop arrangements reduced weed density from 66.8 to 76.2% and increased rice productivity. The most important weeds were Cyperus spp, Murdania nudiflora (L.) Brenan and Phyllanthus niruri L. Babassu straw cover and rice crop arrangement were efficient in the weeds suppression.
Evaluation of Application Frequency and Levels of Nitrogen on Cactus Pear
Authors: Nascimento Keuven Dos Santos , Edvan Ricardo Loiola , Gomes Nayrlon De Sampaio , Ratke Rafael Felippe , Carvalho Chrislanne Barreira de Macêdo
Published: June 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dick under different frequencies and levels of nitrogen application (N). Three nitrogen fertilizer application frequencies (1 time year-1, 6 times year-1 and 12 times year-1) and four nitrogen levels (0, 100, 200 and 400 kg of N ha-1 year-1) were evaluated one year after the planting, in a randomized blocks design with 12 replications. There was no interaction (P>0.05) between application frequencies and nitrogen levels. The number of cladodes, and the green and dry forage mass yields of the cactus pear were higher with the application frequency of 6 times year-1, presenting 18.4 ± 2.0 cladodes per plant, 151.0 ± 17.8 and 9.8 ± 1.0 t ha-1, respectively. The yield doubled with the application of 400 kg N ha-1, when compared to the treatment with no nitrogen application. With the nitrogen application frequency of 1 time year-1 the crude protein and neutral detergent fiber contents were higher, presenting 4.0 ± 0.1% and 33.8 ± 0.5%, respectively. When nitrogen is applied 6 times year-1 it provides higher growth and yield, but lower protein and fiber contents. The level 400 kg N ha-1 provides higher yield and lower nitrogen use efficiency.
Hepatic infarction in a pregnant woman with antiphospholipid syndrome and early pre-eclampsia: A case report
Authors: Ntovas Lampros , Moles Athanasios , Papadatou Nektaria , Kourakou Eugenia , Mazis Kiriakos , Grigorakos Leonidas
Published: June 2020

The aim of the present case report is to stress out the occurrence of hepatic infraction in pregnant women with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and the critical role magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) plays for the early diagnosis of rare complications of the disease. Here we report the case of a preeclamptic pregnant woman with APS in her 17th week of gestation, who experienced severe epigastric pain, followed by multiple episodes of vomiting and an episode of soft stools. Patient was submitted to MRI examination of the upper abdomen, where findings suggested hepatic infarction with subsequent deterioration of her general status. Therefore, she underwent termination of gestation. We conclude that pregnancy is a deteriorating factor of the disease and patient should be closely monitored, evaluated of any suspicious symptom or sign.
Factors Enhancing Member Commitment to Trade Unions in the Hospitality Industry in Zimbabwe
Authors: Ncube Farai
Published: June 2020

Trade unions in the hospitality industry have long served an important and vital role, acting as the vanguard to protect the worker’s rights and their financial livelihood, hence stressing their importance. Their future however remains hanging in balance as they continue to face an array of challenges and changes threatening their existence. In this paper the researcher attempt to respond to the question on, ‘why would individuals choose to be loyal and committed to trade unions?’ Finding through a 5 point likert scale administered on 227 members belonging to the Zimbabwe Catering and Hotel workers Union (ZCHWU) and interviews conducted with 18 union officials reveals that commitment is determined by the ability of the union to satisfy member expectations. Findings reveals that member commitment manifest itself through individual’s strong desire to remain a member of the union; willingness to exert high effort on behalf of the union as well as belief in the union goals and leadership. The study concludes that the unions’ ability to satisfy and meet its member’s expectation contributes to trade union commitment.
Incidence of Pseudotumors in a Dual Modular Stem Construct With and Without Metal-on-Metal Bearing Surface
Authors: Rahman Tahsin M. , Frisch Nicholas B. , Darrith Brian , Patel Ishan , Silverton Craig D.
Published: June 2020

Background:

The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of pseudotumors in metal-on-metal (MoM) titanium modular neck hip arthroplasties to non-MoM modular neck hip arthroplasties. A secondary goal was to determine whether a correlation exists between elevated metal concentrations and pseudotumor incidence.

Methods:

The data were collected and evaluated from 49 MoM joints and 26 non-MoM joints between the years 2012 and 2017. Hip ultrasonography was done after a minimum of 5 years postimplantation. Whole serum metal (titanium, cobalt, and chromium) concentrations were measured at the hip ultrasonography study.

Results:

The average time elapsed between surgery and ultrasonography visit was 7.6 years. In the 49 patients with MoM joints, 22.4% (n = 11) had a pseudotumor. In the 26 patients with non-MoM joints, 9.1% of metal-on-polyethylene hips (n = 1) and 0% of ceramic-on-ceramic/polyethylene hips developed a pseudotumor. No significant statistical correlation was observed between serum metal concentrations and pseudotumor formation (P > 0.05). A significant correlation was observed of serum titanium concentration to pseudotumor size (P = 0.024).

Conclusion:

The incidence of pseudotumor formation in MoM total hip arthroplasties was more than five times the incidence associated with non-MoM bearings. The correlation between serum titanium concentration and pseudotumor size suggests that titanium levels may be a useful indicator for pseudotumor formation in patients with this particular titanium modular neck femoral implant. No notable correlation was observed between serum cobalt and chromium concentration and pseudotumor formation or size.
Notable Variability in Opioid-prescribing Practices After Common Orthopaedic Procedures
Authors: Traven Sophia A. , Brinton Daniel L. , Woolf Shane K. , Leddy Lee R. , Gottschalk Michael B. , Slone Harris S.
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nationwide trends and regional variability in opioid prescriptions after common orthopaedic procedures.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of privately insured subjects from the MarketScan database between 2015 and 2016 was conducted. Median oral morphine equivalents and interquartile ranges were analyzed by region for the initial post-op prescriptions and 90-day total prescriptions for opioid-naive patients undergoing the following: carpal tunnel release; anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction; arthroscopic meniscectomy; bimalleolar ankle fracture open reduction and internal fixation; distal radius fracture open reduction and internal fixation; arthroscopic rotator cuff repair; single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion; and total shoulder, hip, and knee arthroplasties. We hypothesized that notable regional variability exists with postoperative narcotic prescribing habits.

Results:

Seventy three thousand nine hundred twenty-one opioid-naive patients were identified. A notable regional variability was observed across the United States in the prescriptions given for all procedures, except total joint arthroplasty. Furthermore, although patients undergoing soft-tissue–only procedures required the fewest refills, patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty required the most.

Discussion:

Notable regional variability exisits in opioid prescribing patterns for many common orthopaedic procedures. Furthermore, prescriptions were smallest in the region most affected by the opioid epidemic. This information can be used to re-evaluate recommendations, serve as a benchmark for surgeons, and develop institutional and quality improvement guidelines to reduce excess postoperative opioid prescriptions.

Level of Evidence:

Level III observational cohort study