bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Empowerment Based on 5A Model on Fall Self-Efficacy, Self-Care and Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Parallel Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Maghsoodloo Ermia , Ebrahimi Hossein , Goli Shahrbanoo , Khoddam Homeira , Dadgari Ali
Published: October 2024

Background: With aging and declining functional abilities in older adults, the fear of falling increases, leading to decrease in quality of life. Self-care is an important factor in maintaining older adults' overall health and quality of life. This study aimed to determine the effect of empowerment via the 5A model on fall self-efficacy, self-care, and quality of life in older adults.
Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted with 110 elderly individuals residing in the community. The participants were selected via a sequential sampling method and were allocated to the control and intervention groups viablock randomization in sets of four. The control group received routine care from comprehensive health service centers, whereas the intervention group received 5A model-based empowerment over a 12-week program. The data collection instruments included a demographic characteristics form and questionnaires such as the Activities-Specific Balance Confidence Scale, the WHO-5 Well-Being, and the Elderly Self-Care, which were completed before random allocation and after the twelfth week. The data were analyzed using chi-square tests, Fisher's exact tests, independent t-tests, and analysis of covariance.
Results: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the participants' age were 68.28±3.14. The mean differences in the scores of fall self-efficacy (p<0.001), self-care (p<0.001), and quality of life (p<0.001) before and after the intervention were significantly different between the control and intervention groups.
Conclusion: Empowerment based on the 5A model led to improvements in fall self-efficacy, self-care, and quality of life among older adults. Health caregivers and nurses can utilize this model to increase fall self-efficacy, reduce fear of falling, improve self-care, and improve quality of life among older adults, as well as to design care programs.
Trial registration:Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT20221231057000N2; 11/12/2023)
When should on-scene CPR be terminated in OHCA patients?: Prognostic Models for Outcomes Based on Duration of On-Scene CPR in OHCA
Authors: Chun Soh Yeon , Kim Gi Woon , Kim Han Bit
Published: October 2024

Background
Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (OHCA) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide, with approximately 30,000 cases managed annually by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in South Korea. Prolonged on-scene Advanced Life Support (ALS) in OHCA patients has demonstrated potential for prehospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and neurological improvement. However, the optimal timing for terminating on-scene CPR in patients who do not achieve ROSC remains challenging. This study aims to develop and validate a predictive model for patient outcomes based on the duration of on-scene CPR in OHCA patients using data from the Smart ALS (SALS) protocol in South Korea.
Methods
A multi-regional observational study was conducted from August 2015 to December 2022, involving 19 fire stations and nine academic tertiary hospitals across seven provinces. Data were sourced from the SALS database, including EMS prehospital care reports, SALS intervention logs, and hospital patient records. The study focused on non-traumatic OHCA patients who underwent SALS, excluding those with obvious signs of death, those under 18 years old, those who refused on-scene CPR, or those with a DNR status. Statistical analyses were performed using R software, employing logistic regression models to predict prehospital ROSC, survival to discharge, and favorable neurological outcomes.
Results
Out of 98,569 OHCA patients evaluated, 34,989 were eligible for SALS, and 16,052 received SALS. Significant predictors of prehospital ROSC included younger age, male gender, arrest occurring in public places, witnessed arrest, bystander CPR, and initial shockable rhythm. Logistic regression models for patients who did not achieve prehospital ROSC showed that longer on-scene CPR duration negatively impacted the probability of ROSC, survival to discharge, and neurological outcomes. The predictive model for ROSC had an AUC of 0.730, for survival to discharge AUC of 0.838, and for favorable neurological outcome AUC of 0.917.
Conclusions
This study emphasizes the critical role of prehospital ROSC in improving survival and neurological outcomes in OHCA patients. The predictive models can aid in making informed decisions about the cessation of on-scene CPR. Further research is needed to validate these models and explore their application in different EMS settings.
Trial registration
Retrospectively registered.
Determinants of locally acquired malaria infections in Zanzibar: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fakih Bakar Shariff , Seidahmed Osama , Holzschuh Aurel , Abdul Ramadhan , Irema Imani , Shija Shija J. , Aliy Safia M. , Ali Abdullah , Fink Günther , Yukich Joshua , Hetzel Manuel W.
Published: October 2024

Background
Zanzibar has made significant progress in malaria control reaching a population prevalence of around 1% with program-led interventions. Nevertheless, malaria infections persist in people with no recent travel history implying locally acquired infections. Understanding risk factors of local transmission is crucial to refine elimination strategies.
Methods
From May 2017 to October 2019, a rolling cross-sectional survey was conducted in five Zanzibar districts, linked to routine malaria surveillance procedures. The study involved testing all individuals living in households of clinical malaria cases (index cases) routinely detected at a health facility, and a sample of neighboring households using malaria rapid diagnostic tests and qPCR. Information on socio-demographic and household characteristics, recent travel and bed net use were collected during interviews.
Results
Among 17,891 surveyed individuals, 15,151 (85%) had not travelled outside Zanzibar in the last sixty days. Of these, 7286 were tested for malaria by qPCR and 2.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2–3%] tested positive. Members of index households were more likely to be infected (adjusted odds ratio [aOR ] = 14.9, 95% CI 9.7–23.0) than neighbours, as were individuals aged 5–15 and 16–25 years compared to older age groups (aOR = 4.0, 95% CI 2.5–6.5 and aOR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.3–3.1, respectively). Infections were more likely in Unguja residents (aOR = 1.3 95% CI 0.9–2.0), in people living in houses with no windows (aOR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.4–3.1), in those with no bed net (aOR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.4–3.1), those going to sleep early and in people living in areas with a higher local index of wetness.
Conclusion
Combatting locally acquired malaria in Zanzibar requires interventions and strategies that promote uptake of existing interventions such as bed nets, housing improvements, and the identification and targeting of individuals at higher risk of infection.
Evaluation of Keratinized Tissue Augmentation Using Amnion/Chorion Allograft vs. Autogenous Connective Tissue in Implant Therapy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: De Angelis Nicola , Pesce Paolo , Kassim Zethy Hanum , Yumang Catherine , Baldi Domenico , Menini Maria
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Successful implant therapy must also ensure the integration of the soft tissues around the crown/abutment emergence profile. The existing literature does not consistently agree on the necessity of a minimal amount of keratinized tissue (KT), though it appears advantageous for the long-term stability and aesthetics of implants. The purpose of this clinical retrospective study is to compare the effectiveness of amnion/chorion membrane and autogenous subepithelial connective tissue in increasing the keratinized mucosa and maintaining it over a 5-year follow-up.
Methods: Twenty patients who had previously undergone implant surgery were included in the study. Ten patients had received the allograft (Group 1) and ten had received autogenous connective tissue (Group 2).An independent examiner retrospectively analyzed the patient records at 7, 15, and 60 days, and five years post-procedure. Data from these observations were collected and analyzed using SPSS Statistics, version 25. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted.
Results: All patients exhibited an increase in KT. For Group 1, the mean KT width measurements were 1.27 ± 0.46 mm at the initial evaluation, increasing to 2.00 ± 0.38 mm, 2.80 ± 0.78 mm, 3.27 ± 0.80 mm, and 3.01 ± 0.68 mm at 7, 15, and 60 days post-surgery (with prosthesis delivery on day 60), and five years after prosthetic rehabilitation, respectively.
Conclusions: Within the limitations of this retrospective clinical study, both amnion/chorion and connective tissue show significant potential for KT expansion when used in conjunction with implant surgery. Considering the minimally invasive approach, focusing future research on the use of allografts or xenografts appears justified. Clinical Relevance: the use of allografts , due their low morbidity, and acceptable results should be considered as a viable option for soft tissues augmentations.
Characteristics of and risk factors for early migration of biliary plastic stents after stone removal with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Chen Longping , Lin Yanfang , Zheng Linfu , Jiang Chuanshen , Chen Zhiping , Li Dazhou , Wang Wen
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims: Biliary plastic stents often fall off prematurely or shift from the duodenal papilla can cause recurrent biliary tract infection or intestinal perforation. We aimed to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for early migration of biliary plastic stents after ERCP.
Methods: The study population underwent ERCP for bile duct stone removal and placement of biliary plastic stents were analyzed from March 2018 to December 2022. Patient data was obtained through the electronic medical records.
Results: A total of 836 patients (60.40±15.58 years, 511 males) were included. 105 patients showed early stent migration, of which 91 (10.9%) patients showed early stent shedding, and 14 (1.7%) patients showed displacement of stent. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of early stent migration was significantly higher in patients with a duodenal diverticula (OR = 2.367, P= 0.005), duodenal sphincter incision (OR = 3.638, P = 0.007), and longer stents (OR = 0.423, P＜0.001). The Christmas tree plastic stent was significantly less prone to early migration than the conventional biliary plastic stent (OR = 2.654, P = 0.034). The risk of stent displacement significantly increased with the degree of balloon dilatation (OR = 2.708, P= 0.043) and with the presence of diverticula in the descending part of the duodenum (OR = 6.412, P = 0.002).
Conclusion: Early stent migration often occurs after ERCP. Therefore, patients with risk factors for early stent migration should be followed up carefully.
Artificial Photosynthesis Directed toward Organic Synthesis
Authors: Saito Susumu , Mori Shogo , Hashimoto Riku , Hisatomi Takashi , Domen Kazunari
Published: October 2024

In nature, plants convert solar energy into chemical energy via water oxidation.1,2 Inspired by natural photosynthesis, artificial photosynthesis has been gaining increasing interest in the field of sustainability/green science and technology as a non-natural and thermodynamically endergonic (ΔG° > 0, uphill) solar-energy-driven reaction that uses water as an electron donor and source material.3,4 Among the artificial-photosynthesis processes, inorganic-synthesis reactions via water oxidation, including water splitting and CO2-to-fuel conversion, have been attracting much attention.5,6 In contrast, the synthesis of high-value functionalized organic compounds via artificial photosynthesis, which we have termed “artificial photosynthesis directed toward organic synthesis” (APOS),7 remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a pioneering example of APOS. The carbohydroxylation of C=C double bonds is accomplished via a three-component coupling with H2 evolution, where carbon groups activated via C–H bond scission and a hydroxy group derived from water are incorporated into the products. In these reactions, water also provides the hydroxyl radical for oxidation and electrons for the H2 evolution reaction. This uphill transformation is induced by dual functions of semiconductor photocatalysts, i.e., silver-loaded titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2)8 and rhodium–chromium–cobalt-loaded aluminum-doped strontium titanate (RhCrCo/SrTiO3:Al),9–11 under simulated solar light. The present APOS protocol enables the rapid and creative construction of useful organic frameworks for drug synthesis.
IoT-Enabled Smart Glove for Enhanced Elderly Care: A Health Monitoring Solution
Authors: Ahmed Mohammad Faisal , Hasan Nowshad
Published: October 2024

With the growing elderly population, ensuring consistent and reliable healthcare monitoring has become increasingly important. This research introduces an innovative solution in the form of a smart glove designed specifically for elderly care. The glove is equipped with advanced features such as fall detection, emergency messaging via hand gestures, and vital signs monitoring, including oxygen saturation (SpO2) and heart rate.The smart glove integrates the MPU6050 and MAX30100 sensors with Arduino and ESP8266 modules to achieve these functionalities. Fall detection is accurately identified by the MPU6050 sensor, while the MAX30100 sensor monitors SpO2 and heart rate. Hand gestures are recognized and interpreted for sending emergency messages. Data from these sensors are transmitted through IFTTT, enabling alerts and notifications via SMS, email, and a secured website, thus facilitating real-time remote monitoring and communication.This setup provides a comprehensive and reliable method for monitoring the health and safety of elderly individuals, ensuring prompt response and care in emergencies. The proposed system demonstrates significant potential in enhancing the quality of life for elderly individuals by offering a smart, integrated, and user-friendly healthcare solution.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of endophytic fungal diversity in the roots of Amomum villosum Lour
Authors: Li Xiao-Gang , You Xiao-Xu , Zhang Xing-Kai , Gu Wen , Yang Pei , He Sen , Yu Jie , Cao Guan-Hua
Published: October 2024

This study aims to investigate the colonization and diversity of endophytic fungi in Amomum villosum roots under different planting locations and growth ages and to analyze the fungal composition. In this study, we performed Illumina-based ITS rDNA sequencing to investigate the effects of growth ages, and sample plots on the rhizosphere fungi of A. villosum. The results of the colonization analysis showed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSEs) widely colonized the roots of A. villosum, but the colonization abundance no longer increased significantly with increasing growth age. Glomus was the dominant AMF, and Exophiala, Cladosporium and Cladophialophora were the dominant DSEs. Phoma, Acremonium, Myrothecium and Trichoderma were supposed to be the dominant beneficial fungi. Alpha and beta diversity showed that the diversity, abundance and community composition of root fungi were not significantly correlated with growth ages but were affected by planting locations. Taken together, the diversity and abundance of fungal communities in the roots differed significantly by planting location, and some were affected by the growth ages of A. villosum. DSEs were considered to be dominant beneficial microorganisms and were largely responsible for the growth and development of A. villosum, weakening continuous cropping obstacles.
NEK2 is a potential pan-cancer biomarker and immunotherapy target
Authors: Zhang Lanyue , Li Yang , Liao Wenxin , Liu Tingting , Deng Juexiao , Shen Fujin
Published: October 2024

Background.
NEK2 is a member of the NEKs family and plays an important role in cell mitosis. Increasing evidence suggests that NEK2 is associated with the development of multiple tumors, but systematic studies of NEK2 in cancer are still lacking. Therefore, we evaluated the prognostic value of NEK2 in 33 cancers to elucidate the potential function of NEK2 in pan-cancers.
Methods.
We explored the role of NEK2 in pan-cancers using The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and Genotype-tissue expression༈GTEx༉database, and we also analyzed the association between NEK2 pan-cancers gene expression, protein expression, tumor microenvironment༈TME), and drug sensitivity through various software and web platforms such as R, CCLE, the Human protein atlas༈HPA༉, cBioPortal, CancerSEA and GEPIA 2. 0.We also conducted in vitro experiments to preliminarily verify the function of NEK2 in cervical cancer.
Results.
NEK2 is overexpressed in almost all tumors, and mutation of NEK2 are associated with a poorer tumor prognosis. In addition, the correlation between NEK2 and immune features such as immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes, tumor mutational burden(TMB), Microsatellite instability(MSI) etc. suggest that NEK2 could potentially be applied in the immunotherapy of tumors.
Conclusion.
NEK2 may be a potential pan-cancer biomarker and immunotherapeutic target for improving the efficacy of tumor therapy.
Synergistic Fiber Hybridization: Unlocking Superior Mechanical Performance in Cementitious Composites
Authors: Selvan Karthigai , Ismail Abdul Aleem Mohamed , Rathinavel Nidhya
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the effects of various fibers and their combinations on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (FRCC). Sixteen distinct mix designs were prepared, each incorporating different types and proportions of fibers, Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA), Polypropylene (PP), Basalt, and Banana fibers, while maintaining a consistent cement-to-sand ratio of 25% to 75%. The objective was to evaluate how these fibers influence the compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths of the FRCC. The results revealed significant variations in mechanical properties based on fiber type and content. Mixes containing PVA and Basalt fibers demonstrated superior compressive strength, flexural strength, and tensile strength compared to those with other fibers. Notably, hybrid fiber combinations, such as PVA and Basalt or PVA and PP, showed enhanced mechanical performance, indicating the synergistic benefits of combining different fiber types. In contrast, Banana fibers alone were less effective in improving mechanical properties but contributed positively when combined with synthetic fibers. The study highlights the potential of fiber hybridization in optimizing the performance of cementitious composites. The strategic use of PVA and Basalt fibers, both individually and in combination, provides a promising approach for developing high-strength, durable FRCC suitable for diverse construction applications. These findings offer valuable insights for future research and the development of advanced composite materials with tailored mechanical properties.
Response Characteristics of Potassium Availability in Red Soil with Different Parental Materials to Different Fertilization Practices
Authors: Liu Shujun , Li Yazhen , Hu Dandan , Han Tianfu , Huang Jing , Li Hao , liu kailou
Published: October 2024

Background and aims:
Red soil is one of the main soil types in southern China, but potassium (K) availability varies greatly among red soils developed from different parental materials. The objective was to provide precise guidance for efficiently utilizing potassium resources in red soil regions.
Methods
This study selected red soils developed from three different parental materials, which include quaternary red clay (QRC), granite (GRA), and purple sand shale (PSS) in red soil regions. A pot experiment was conducted with varying practices of fertilization, including straw mulching (S), nitrogen-phosphorus-K fertilizer application (NPK), nitrogen-phosphorus-K fertilizer application with straw mulching (S + NPK), livestock manure application with straw mulching (S + M), and no fertilizer application (CK). Then, crop biomass, K uptake, exchangeable K (EK)and non-exchangeable K (NEK) were analyzed, meanwhile, the correlation between soil EK, NEK and crop K uptake were discussed.
Results
The results showed that compared to CK, S, NPK, S + NPK, and S + M treatments significantly increased maize biomass and K uptake on red soils developed from QRC, GRA, and PSS, with increases ranging from 27.55–412.76% and 28.74–340.00%, respectively. Compared to CK, the different fertilization practices resulted in increases of 25.00–119.05% and 4.76–104.20% in exchangeable K (EK)and non-exchangeable K (NEK), respectively. However, there were differences among different parental materials. Both QRC and PSS showed a significant trend of higher EK content in the S + NPK treatment, while on GRA, the NPK, S + NPK, and S + M treatments all showed a significant trend of higher EK content. Further research revealed a significant positive correlation between EK, NEK, and crop K uptake on red soils developed from GRA and PSS. In contrast, no significant relationship was observed on red soils developed from QRC.
Conclusion
s On red soils developed from different parental materials, the effectiveness of fertilization practices such as straw mulching, chemical fertilizer, and organic manure varied greatly in increasing maize biomass, K uptake, EK, and NEK. Additionally, the soil K fertility level of different parental materials significantly influenced the quantitative relationship between EK, NEK, and crop K uptake.
Radon-thoron exhalation and emanation determinations from mylonitic rock samples collected in north Abu Rusheid, Egypt
Authors: Sakr Sara , Sahoo Sarata Kumar , Inoue Kazumasa , Saleh Gehad Mohamed , Kamar Mohamed SalEMs , Feky Mohamed Galal El , Taher Atef El , Janik Miroslaw
Published: October 2024

Mylonitic rocks in north Abu Rusheid, Egypt are rich in naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs), including uranium mineralization. These rocks are significant sources of indoor radon (Rn) and thoron (Tn) for the general public if used as building materials. They are occupational exposure sources of Rn and Tn for mine workers. Determination of Rn and Tn exhalation and emanation from mylonitic rocks is necessary to accurately assess the risk of exposure to natural ionizing radiation. In the present study, Rn and Tn mass exhalation rate (EX) and emanation fraction (EM) were determined simultaneously, based on the activity concentrations of 226Ra and 232Th, in 27 mylonitic rock samples collected from three trenches (TCHA, TCHB, and TCHC) in north Abu Rusheid. The mean Rn EX values of TCHA, TCHB, and TCHC were 0.73 ± 0.14, 0.49 ± 0.19, and 0.66 ± 0.38 Bq/kg·h, respectively; and the corresponding mean Rn EM values were 0.105 ± 0.023, 0.091 ± 0.033 and 0.111 ± 0.038, respectively. The mean Tn EX values of TCHA, TCHB, and TCHC were 1626 ± 346, 1098 ± 539, and 1851 ± 1733, respectively; and the corresponding mean Tn EM values were 0.042 ± 0.004, 0.034 ± 0.012, and 0.047 ± 0.020, respectively. Correlations of Rn EX and EM with 226Ra activity concentration, Tn EX, and EM with 232Th activity concentration, and 226Ra activity concentration with 232Th activity concentration were determined.
Knowledge, Attitude and Acceptance regarding Bone marrow transplantation in caregivers of beta-thalassemia major patients
Authors: Jayaram Purva Reddy , Devadas Sahana , Jain Paridhi , C Gayathri Devi
Published: October 2024

Objective Knowledge, Attitude and Acceptance regarding Bone marrow transplantation in caregivers of beta-thalassemia major patientsMethods A cross-sectional study was conducted among the caregivers of pediatric patients with beta thalassemia major in blood transfusion centres in Bangalore, India. Their knowledge, attitude and acceptance regarding bone marrow transplantation was assessed using a validated questionnaire. The study aimed to identify factors that influence care givers’ decision about bone marrow transplantation.Results The knowledge, attitude and acceptance of the caregivers towards bone marrow transplantation is shown to depend on gender, education and socio-economic status. The results of this study reveal that male caregivers generally exhibited higher levels of knowledge and had a better attitude towards it as compared to their female counterparts. Higher education and socio-economic status were associated with better knowledge, more favourable attitudes and a higher acceptance towards the procedure as well.
Consumption Based Responsibility for GlobalWarming and the Distribution of Impacts of SwissClimate Policy
Authors: Landis Florian
Published: October 2024

Different consumption patterns have been linked to different levels of responsibility forcurrent greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and it is well established that the affluent are re-sponsible for higher levels of global ghg emission than are the poor. Here I couple a lifecycle assessment of consumer goods with household survey data about consumption pat-terns to arrive at household level responsibility for global ghg emissions by consumptioncategory. This allows me to provide a detailed analysis of how different consumption cat-egories contribute to this responisibility. From this, I offer some insights into how thisinformation can be used for the design of policies that create equitable outcomes.
I conclude that the distributional impacts of ghg pricing with revenue recycling willremain unproblematic as climate policy continues to cover more ghgs from more regions.If it is desired that high-income households make a bigger contribution to the emissionsreduction effort than others, focusing climate policy on transport (high confidence), eatingout, and clothing (both with lower confidence) may provide avenues for achieving that.This is the case, since responsibility for ghg emissions from these consumption categoriesincreases faster with income than it does for other goods.
Multi-objective particle swarm optimization with integrated fireworks algorithm and size double archiving
Authors: Zhang Yansong , Liu Yanmin , Zhang Xiaoyan , Song Qian , Ouyang Aijia , Yang Jie
Published: October 2024

The multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) is an optimization technique that mimics the foraging behavior of birds to solve difficult optimization problems. It is based on the theory of population intelligence.MOPSO is well known for its strong global search capability, which efficiently locates solutions that are close to the global optimum across a wide search domain. However, similar to many other optimization algorithms, the fast convergence property of MOPSO can occasionally lead to the population entering the local optimum too soon, obstructing researchers from investigating more efficient solutions. To address this challenge, the study proposes a novel framework that integrates the Fireworks Algorithm (FA) into MOPSO and establishes a size-double archiving mechanism to maintain population diversity. By preventing population homogenization, this mechanism promotes the retention of better solutions. Additionally, by fusing evolutionary data analysis with particle information, the study offers new individual optimal choices and adaptive parameter tuning to improve the algorithm's robustness and adaptability and better manage the complexity of multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs). The suggested algorithm is compared with several existing MOPSOs and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) in simulation experiments. Standard test problems like ZDT, UF, and DTLZ are used in the experiments. The new algorithm performs exceptionally well in terms of improving convergence and population diversity, as well as demonstrating significant competitiveness for solving MOPs. Each algorithm's performance is thoroughly evaluated using the Friedman rank test.
Positive Association Between Blood Trihalomethane Concentrations and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study (NHANES)
Authors: Zhou Size , Qian Songwei , Yu Bowen , Shen Xiaofeng , Zhao Ye , Guo Xiaoling , Ji Weiping
Published: October 2024

Background: Trihalomethanes (THMs) is a common byproduct of disinfection that has been shown to be hepatotoxic. However, the relationship between THMs and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains unclear.
Methods: This study selected 9475 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2012, and the concentrations of various THMs including chloroform (TCM), bromodichloromethane (BDCM), dibromochloromethane (DBCM), and bromoform (TBM) in their blood were analyzed. NAFLD was identified based on the levels of the fatty liver index (FLI), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST).
Results: In the multiple logistic regression model, we found TBM, Br-THM and TTHM concentrations were significantly positively correlated with NAFLD, The odds ratios (ORs) were 1.27 (95% CI 1.07-1.50), 1.19 (95% CI 1.01-1.40), and 1.27 (95% CI 1.07-1.52), respectively, indicating the risk of NAFLD was on the rise with the increase of these THM concentrations. Although the ORs of blood TCM and Cl-THM concentrations were not significant, there was a trend suggesting an increased risk of NAFLD with the increase of their concentrations.
Conclusion: This study suggested that THMs exposure is associated with NAFLD in the USA population, and more prospective studies are still needed to confirm this finding and elucidate the underlying mechanisms in the future.
Deep brain stimulation alleviates Parkinsonian motor deficits through desynchronizing GABA release
Authors: Shu Yousheng , Xu Zongyi , Duan Wei , Yuan Shuyu , Zhang Xiaoxue , You Chong , Yu Jin-Tai , Wang Jian , Li Jia-Da , Deng Suixin
Published: October 2024

High-frequency deep brain stimulation (DBS) of subthalamic nucleus (STN) is an effective clinical therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD), but the underlying cellular and circuit mechanism remains unclear. Here we find a critical role of asynchronous release (AR) of GABA induced by high-frequency stimulation (HFS) at STN in the improvement of motor functions in dopamine-depleted (DD) mice. HFS at 130 Hz causes an initial inhibition followed by desynchronization of spiking activity of STN neurons, largely attributable to presynaptic GABA release. In contrast, low-frequency stimulation (LFS) at 20 Hz produces much weaker AR and a neglectable effect on spiking activity of STN neurons. Further experiments demonstrate that the activation of parvalbumin (PV) axons, but not non-PV axons, from external globus pallidus (GPe) is both necessary and sufficient for the therapeutic effect of DBS. A decrease in AR strength diminishes the high-frequency DBS effect, whereas an increase in AR strength enhances the effect of low-frequency DBS. Together, our results reveal a crucial role of asynchronous GABA release from GPe PV neurons in the improvement of motor functions under Parkinsonian conditions.
Association between preoperative diaphragm thickening fraction and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer
Authors: Okura PT Kazuki , Hasegawa MSc PT Kakeru , Sakamoto PT Ririko , Takahashi PT Yusuke , Nagaki  , Wakita  , Sato  , Kasukawa  , Miyakoshi
Published: October 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to investigate the association between preoperative diaphragm thickening assessed using ultrasound imaging and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) in patients undergoing thoracoscopic esophagectomy for esophageal cancer.
Methods:
This single-center, prospective, cohort study enrolled patients with esophageal cancer who were scheduled to undergo thoracoscopic esophagectomy between June 2021 and May 2024. The diaphragm thickening fraction (DTF) was measured using ultrasound imaging preoperatively and at 1 and 2 weeks postoperatively. Our primary outcome comprised overall PPCs. We investigated the longitudinal change in the DTF and the relationship between the DTF and PPCs. We also examined the optimal cutoff value for the ability of the DTF to predict PPCs.
Results:
This study enrolled 73 patients. PPCs occurred in 21 (29%) patients, 10 (14%) of whom had pneumonia. The estimated difference between the preoperative and 1-week postoperative least squares means of the DTF was − 56.3% (95% credible interval [CrI]: −65.4, − 47.2) and − 36.5% (95%CrI: −43.7, − 29.2) between the preoperative and 2-week postoperative values. The mean odds ratio of preoperative DTF to PPCs was 0.82 per 10% increase (95%CrI: 0.66, 0.97), after adjusting for potential confounders. According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cutoff value predicting PPCs was 123.6%.
Conclusion:
DTF is decreased at 1 and 2 weeks after thoracoscopic esophagectomy in patients with esophageal cancer. The higher the preoperative DTF, the lower the odds of occurrence of PPCs.
Magnetostratigraphic resolution of the late Ediacaran paleomagnetic enigma
Authors: Pierce James , Evans David , Polomski Dana , Youbi Nasrrddine , Mediany Mohamed , Ounar Jihane , Oukhro Rachid , Boumehdi Moulay Ahmed , Strauss Justin , Keller C. Brenhin , Gärtner Andreas , Ovtcharova Maria , Wotzlaw Joern , Linnemann Ulf
Published: October 2024

Paleogeography of the Ediacaran Period has remained poorly understood due to paleomagnetic studies commonly yielding perplexing or conflicting data. Here we report new magnetostratigraphic data from the Ediacaran Ouarzazate Group in the Anti-Atlas Mountains of Morocco, which have primary magnetizations supported by a positive conglomerate test and stratigraphically consistent directions within volcanic units across multiple localities. Comprehensive magnetostratigraphic sampling shows highly variable directions, consistent with a rapidly changing geomagnetic field along a longitudinally preferred axis. High-precision geochronology constrains the geomagnetic variability to ~568-562 Ma and suggests rates that are likely too rapid for true polar wander or plate tectonic interpretations. Comparison of igneous- and sedimentary-derived data, using a novel statistical approach combining Bingham and Fisher distributions, indicates a high-inclination paleomagnetic direction that is compatible with independent evidence for regional glaciation. Our analysis produces a late Ediacaran paleogeographic reconstruction that is consistent with paleomagnetic and geologic constraints.
Lymphotoxin-driven meningeal BAFF/CXCL13 imbalance and grey matter injury
Authors: Ramaglia Valeria , Naouar Ikbel , Pangan Andrei , Zuo Michelle , Champagne-Jorgensen Kevin , Patel Jyot , Wang Angela , Pu Annie , Ward Lesley , Ahn Jennifer , Pössnecker Elisabeth , Cenni Bruno , Nuesslein-Hildesheim Barbara , Browning Jeffrey , Pröbstel Anne-Katrin , Gommerman Jennifer
Published: October 2024

In people living with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), brain leptomeningeal immune aggregates associate with subpial cortical pathology and disease progression, but the mechanism leading to this pathology is unknown. Moreover, biomarkers for brain leptomeningeal inflammation, which is very difficult to image, are lacking. In a passive model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) induced by adoptive transfer of Th17 cells into young SJL/J mice we used a selective covalent inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTKi) to identify the circuitry that drives leptomeningeal inflammation. We found that BTK inhibition reduced the formation of leptomeningeal B cell-rich aggregates and diminished demyelination and axonal loss in the subpial cortex concomitant with a lower ratio of BAFF/CXCL13 in the leptomeninges. Mechanistically, treatment with BTKi interfered with the expression of Lymphotoxin beta Receptor ligands, and co-treatment with a LTβR agonist abrogated the therapeutic benefits of BTKi. We also observed a low BAFF/CXCL13 ratio in CSF collected post-mortem from pwMS that exhibited high levels of leptomeningeal inflammation from matching brain tissue, compared to pwMS with low leptomeningeal inflammation. Together, our data demonstrate that B cell-rich leptomeningeal aggregates in SJL/J adoptive transfer EAE mice are driven by the lymphotoxin pathway resulting in a lower BAFF/CXCL13 ratio in the leptomeninges. BAFF/CXCL13 ratios in the CSF could serve as a potential surrogate marker for B cell-rich leptomeningeal aggregates, providing a better means to stratify and monitor MS patients receiving brain-penetrant drugs such as BTKi.
Factors Associated with Mortality in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Non-Communicable Diseases in Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
Authors: Ayele Dagmawi Abebe , Tola Assefa , Assefa Nega
Published: October 2024

Background: COVID-19 has disproportionately affected individuals with preexisting non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Despite the acknowledged risk, there is a notable gap in studies exclusively focusing on COVID-19 patients with underlying NCDs, particularly in the context of hospitalization. This study aimed to assess factors influencing mortality in COVID-19 patients with NCDs in Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia.
Methods: A 1:2 case-control study was conducted from December 15, 2022, to January 15, 2023. Cases included COVID-19 hospital deaths (June 1, 2020–June 30, 2022); controls were recoveries. Data from randomly selected medical records were extracted and entered in to Epi-data v3.1 and analyzed using SPSS v22. Baseline vital signs and lab parameters were compared using t-test and Mann-Whitney U test. AOR alongside a 95% CI and p-values (<0.05) were computed via binary logistic analysis to identify factors associated with COVID-19 mortality.
Result: A total of 125 cases and 247 controls were included in the analysis. Cases (mean age: 60 ±14.7 years) were older than controls (53 ±15.9 years), with more females among cases (50.4%) and more males among controls (63.6%). Cases had higher vital signs and lab values. In multivariate analysis, men had lower COVID-19 mortality risk (AOR=0.5, 95% CI (0.32-0.92)).
Whereas, age ≥ 60 year (AOR=2.5, 95% CI (1.1-5.63)), hypertension (AOR = 2, 95% CI (1.14- 3.35)), diabetes mellitus (AOR = 1.9, 95% CI (1.1- 3.16)), severe COVID-19 (AOR = 4.9, 95% CI (2.25- 10.86)), critical COVID-19 (AOR = 6.2, 95% CI (2.38-16.06)) and ICU admission (AOR = 2.9, 95% CI (1.5-5.56)) were significant risk factors for COVID-19 mortality.
Conclusion: The study revealed that older age, hypertension, diabetes, disease severity, and ICU hospitalization were associated with increased odds of COVID-19 mortality. while male gender showed a lower mortality risk. Tailored interventions for vulnerable groups and enhanced critical care are crucial. Furthermore, public health strategies should address gender-specific disparities in COVID-19 outcomes and prioritize preventive measures accordingly.
Energy recovery from the slipstream of a moving bluff body utilizing a Savonius wind turbine
Authors: Lawrence Praveen Laws
Published: October 2024

A speeding bluff body forges robust slipstream zones along its length with substantial kinetic energy. Harnessing the available wind power from the slip- stream of a moving body is an unique way of recovering renewable energy. However, one key issue that remains unresolved is the optimal placement of the harvester within potential slipstream range. To this end, the current work calibrates the performance of a Savonius wind turbine within the prox- imity of the slipstream of a moving body simulated using a two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics modeling. The parametric study on the varia- tion of torque coefficient concerning the turbine distance (X) from the bluff body is measured. Along with a detailed discussion on the change in angular velocity, power and energy acquired with the change in separation distance (X) is discussed. The results indicates that a simplistic Savonius wind tur- bine can be feasible in harvesting energy from the slipstream of any moving bluff body. A peak torque coefficient, Cm of 0.264, which corresponds to a peak power of 121.41 W was obtained for a separation distance (X = 0.1d) in case of a single turbine analysis. The reports from the single turbine study sets as a benchmark in calibrating the performance of the cluster arrange- ment of wind turbine and thereby calibrating the mutual interaction among the turbines using both parallel and oblique arrangements.
Wage Dynamics and Volatility Persistence in a War-Era Labor Market
Authors: Houssam BOUGHABI
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates wage volatility and unemployment dynamics in the German labor market during World War I, with a focus on understanding the stability of wages and the increasing trend in expected wages over time. Using a Fractionally Integrated Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (FIGARCH) model, we find that wage volatility exhibits long memory, suggesting that historical shocks, particularly those related to the war effort, had enduring impacts on labor market dynamics. Our empirical analysis reveals that while actual wages remained relatively stable, the expected wages increased over the war period, reflecting workers' optimistic outlook about future wage growth. To address the observed labor market trap—characterized by the interplay between voluntary unemployment and wage rigidity—we propose a novel approach based on optimizing productivity forecasts. This method involves recalibrating productivity estimates to escape the market's stagnation, enhancing the labor market's response to shifts in supply and demand. Our results contribute to the broader literature on wartime labor markets by providing insights into wage stability mechanisms and offering a practical solution to overcome labor market traps during periods of economic disruption.
JEL Classification. N34, J31, C22, E24
Regional Security in the Arctic. Role of the Russian Federation and China in its Strengthening
Authors:   Heilongjiang University, Yan Chang , Pecheritsa Vladimir F. ,   Oriental Institute – School of Regional and International Studies, Far Eastern Federal University, Xuan Luo ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: October 2024

The authors examine the problems of cooperation between Russia and China in the Arctic, which is becoming an important factor in international relations. Despite the coinciding and divergent interests of the Russian Federation and China in the Arctic, the two states are extremely interested in managing regional security in this region. The object of the study is Russian-Chinese relations in the process of strengthening regional security in the Arctic. The subject is the peculiarities of Russian-Chinese interaction in strengthening regional security in the Arctic. The purpose of the study is to identify contradictions in the Arctic policies of the two countries that will not prevent them from fruitfully co-operating in Arctic development and protecting their national interests. The main research objectives are: to study Russian-Chinese cooperation in strengthening regional security in the Arctic; to identify new opportunities for Russian-Chinese cooperation in strengthening regional security in the Arctic; to analyze threats and challenges to Russian-Chinese cooperation in strengthening regional security in the Arctic. As a result of the research, the authors identify the main ways and forms of strengthening this security, emphasizing the strengthening of its military-strategic component. The authors’ main conclusion is that some contradictions in the Arctic policy of the two countries do not prevent them from fruitful co-operation in the development of the Arctic and the protection of their national interests. Strengthening traditional and non-traditional security in the Arctic is dictated by the need to assert the principle of freedom of navigation, which China insists on. Although the practical implementation of this principle is still far off, it will remain purely theoretical for a long time. However, different interpretations of international legal instruments governing the Arctic policy of states have led to misunderstandings, concerns and disagreements between the two states.
“All tracks” Diplomacy: Post-Soviet Experience
Authors:   Research Institute of Strategic Planning and Eurasian Integration, Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, North-Western Institute of Management, Shevchuk Nina V.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the practice of using methods of informal expert diplomacy in peace processes. The relevance of the problem is due to the decline in the potential of traditional diplomacy in the current geopolitical turbulence and the protracted nature of unresolved conflicts in the post-Soviet space. The experience of using alternative tools for establishing and maintaining contacts at the level of experts, representatives of NGOs and the academic community of the parties, as well as the interweaving of official and auxiliary diplomacy in the conditions of the so-called “new internationality” requires rethinking. The purpose of the article, which consists in summarizing the experience of “second and one-and-a-half track” diplomacy in post-Soviet conflicts and identifying the potential of such activities in the context of peace processes, predetermined the tasks: to analyze the world practice of transprofessionalization of diplomacy, to give an overview of the available theoretical literature, to identify the importance of expert diplomacy in the inter-Tajik settlement and the features of expert participation in confidence-building measures in the Georgian-the Abkhaz conflict, as well as Azerbaijani-Armenian and Moldovan-Transdniestrian relations. The object of the study is informal diplomacy. The subject is the experience of transprofessionalization of diplomacy in a number of conflict cases of the post-Soviet space. Methodology and methods of research are as follows: to achieve the objectives of the study, a systematic approach is applied, which has allowed a comprehensive analysis of the accumulated practice of involving experts in conflict resolution processes, as well as general scientific methods of comparative analysis and generalization. It is concluded that although “expert diplomacyˮ is not an alternative to the official one and in this regard cannot replace the classical tools traditionally used by diplomats, the auxiliary and stabilizing potential of “diplomacy of all tracks” is quite high.