bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Empowerment Model of Parent Consultation with the Positive Psychology Perspective
Authors: Harn Payling , Wu Peili
Published: June 2014

The aim of the study is to develop an indigenous parent consultation model based on the viewpoint of positive psychology, and to further discuss the empowerment development and transformation contexts of consultees in the process of consultation. Three data were collected from four female parents, which are the transcripts in the process of consultation, the transcripts of tracking interviews and the texts of tracking questionnaires, then analyzed the data by the template analysis method, to revise the initial version of parents empowerment concept model established by Gibson (1995). The results of the study are: (1) After giving cultural and behavioural connotation, the researcher further developed six empowerment subjects which are “Exploring and Tracing Back to the Origin”, “Initiating Fortune from the Extreme Adversity”, “Comprehending from Converting Thoughts”, “Facilitating from Being Proficient”, “Flourishing Strengths” and “Diversifying Crises into Safeties”. (2) Empowerment transformation uses “Exploring and Tracing Back to the Origin” and “Initiating Fortune from the Extreme Adversity” as the principal line, then, to form a dynamic force which will transform the origin exploration to bittersweet. (3) The results of empowerment are to establish parenting wellbeing by the extensibility of relationship culturing, to promote the appropriate expression of parenting by awareness transformation, so as to create a power of “Diversifying Crises into Safeties”.
Reliability and Validity of the Malay Version of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS): Preliminary Results
Authors: Abdullah Hilwa , Osman Zubaidah J. , Alwi Muhd Najib M. , Shah Shamsul A. , Ibrahim Normala , Baharuddin Azlin , Jaafar Nik Ruzyanei N. , Sai Salmiah M. , Rahman Hejar A. , Bahari Rafidah , Nawawi Wan Zafidah W. , Bakar Abdul Kadir A. , Firdaus M. , Keefe Richard S. E.
Published: June 2014

Cognitive impairment is a main feature of schizophrenia. Schizophrenia patients demonstrate impairments in several key dimensions of cognitions and these impairments are closely associated with functional out come. The importance of cognitive assessment has been broadly accepted today; therefore an easy administered test battery is needed by researchers and in daily clinical practice. The Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS), a cognitive assessment tool has been validated internationally in English, French, German, Spanish, Japanese, and Italian. This preliminary study was performed to test the reliability and validity of the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS) as an assessment tool in a Malay-language version (BACS-M). Participants Data were collected from 26 outpatients with schizophrenia who had given written informed consent to participate in the research. Measurements Tests included in the BACS-M are as follows: verbal fluency, verbal memory list learning, token motor test, symbol coding, digit sequencing task, and Tower of London. Results The mean duration of completion for the BACS Malay version was 39.27 min (S.D. = 9.03 min). The Malay version of t he BACS showed high test -retest reliability (ICC = 0.89). The BACS-M composite score was significantly correlated with all primary measures of the BACS-consecutive assessments. Thus, this preliminary study indicates that the BACS-M is a reliable and a practical scale to evaluate cognitive function in schizophrenia patients for Malay speaking patients.
Anxiety Disorders in Children With Learning Disabilities (LD) and Autism (ASD)
Authors: Hajizadehanari Khalil , Hajizadehanari Hassan , Yaghoubzadeh Ali , Dalir Ali , Farhadian Ali , Askari Mansoor , Fard Seyed Massoud Haji Seyed Hosseini
Published: June 2014

Purpose: Children and young people with learning disabilities (LD) and autism are more prone to experience mental health problems compared to people with LD but without autism. Children and young people with LD and autism may experience symptoms of anxiety at a greater level than the general population; howe ver, this is not supported with research evidence in relation to the prevalence of anxiety in people with ID and autism. The increasing number of individuals with Learning Disabilities (LD) and psychiatric disorders presents a key challenge to their assessment and treatment in mental health services. Children and young people with LD are more likely to experience mental health than the general population (FPLD, 2002; Emerson, 2003; Allington - Smith, 2006). Epidemiological studies suggest that autism is more frequent in people with LD, nearly 40% of people with LD also have autism (Bouras et al., 1999; Kraijer, 1997) on the other hand, nearly 70% of people with autism also have LD (La Mafa, 2004) The strong association between autism and LD (Bradley et al, 2004) also associates an increased risk of mental health problems (Morgan et al., 2003). Method: This article provides an overview of the clinical implications of anxiety disorders within the context of learning disability and autismFindings: It is suggested that children and young people with LD and autism spectrum disorder may experience symptoms of anxiety at a greater level than the general population; however, this requires more conclusive evidence in relation to the prevalence of anxiety disorders in people with LD and autism. There is a close relationship between autism spectrum disorder and learning disability. The presence of anxiety in individuals with LD and autism has rarely been studied and is the focus of this study.
Prevalence of Hypochondriasis Among Medical Students at King Saud University
Authors: Al-Turki Yousef A. , Sagga Abdelaziz T. , Alhamidi Hussam A. , AlShammari Saad I. , Alteraiqi Battel A. , Alruaydi Majed A. , Alshihre Ammar A. , Alrehaili Faris A. , Alsaaran Abdulaziz N. , Alanazia Waleed K. , Alshayie Mohammed A. , Alasiria Abdulelah A.
Published: June 2014

Objectives: The study aims was to measure the prevalence of hypochondriasis among medical students, King Saud University (KSU). Methodology:Cross-sectional study targeted 400 KSU medical students divided into eight subgroups according to their gender and academic level .350 of whom responded (87.5%). The questioner was designed by there search team based on DSM- IV criteria to cover most aspects of presentations of hypochondriasis. Only students who were diagnosed of having hypochondriasis by a medical doctor at time of the study were included in the prevalence measurement. Results: The overall prevalence of hypochondriasis among KSU medical students was 3.4%. The prevalence among male students was 2.9% while it was 3.8% among female students (p=0.678). The prevalence among basic-year students was 3.1% compared to 3.8% among clinical-year students (p=0.734). Conclusions and recommendations: The overall prevalence of hypochondriasis among medical students was 3.4%, but there was no significant difference based on gender or academic level of the students. We recommend further studies with larger sample size that include different medical colleges from different regions of Saudi Arabia.
The Effects of a Social Emotional Learning Program on Bullying and Parents' Perspectives
Authors: Gravesteijn C. , Diekstra R. , Petterson D.
Published: June 2014

Bullying in schools is a problem that has received widespread attention. Previous evaluations of school-based bullying prevention programs reported mixed results. This study examines the effects of a school-based Social and Emotional Learning (SEL) program on bullying and the factors that may help parents to deal with the bullying situation. Results indicate that a program that enhances social and emotional skills has a positive influence on bullying. Data collected by interviews highlight the kind of support that parents require from teachers geared at enhancing their skills in dealing with bullying.
How Learning a New Language Can Benefit Business Professionals
Authors: Nooriafshar Mehryar
Published: June 2014

A new language can certainly provide new dimensions and outlook on life and allow one to tap into different parts of the brain. It can help an individual to understand others and oneself better; and expand the boundaries of their actual and virtual worlds. In addition, using even the very basics of a new language can establish a closer connection with the native speaker of that language. This initiative can send positive signals of acceptance, trust and interest to the native speakers. A Business professional can certainly benefit from establishment of such a positive relationship. This paper explores why and how, in particular, a Business professional should go about learning a new language. It establishes connections between language and culture. It presents innovative methods of learning a new language using the latest technologies, learning ideas and approaches. The use of emerging technologies such as those used in speech recognition are also discussed. A number of multimedia language learning environments, which encourage creativity and right brain functions are presented, analyzed and recommended.
You Do Not Like the Activity Arranged by the Teacher; What Do You Do?
Authors: Reunamo Jyrki , Hällström Helena
Published: June 2014

In the article, we examine children’s perceived strategies in a conflict situation with a teacher and the development of these strategies. We also study the connections of the children’s strategies to the activity of the nearest educator. The data is based on the interview question ‘You don’t like the activity arranged by the teacher; what do you do?’ A total of 411 children from 33 different Finnish day care centres and preschools participated in the research. The children’s and the nearest educators’ activities were observed, and the two data sets were merged. The children’s strategies tended to become more adaptive as they developed. At the same time, their agency for seeking alternate solutions increased. The general trend moved from enduring the unpleasant situation to seeking alternatives. If children are required to participate in situations in which the teacher has already determined the desired outcomes of the disliked activity, they have very little freedom to act. Younger children in particular only see the option to obey.
Developing Tools For Supporting Music Instrument Studies: Model For Reflection
Authors: Kivestu Tuulike , Leijen Äli
Published: June 2014

Contemporary pedagogies of musical instruments stress the importance of active and reflective learning (Brown 2008, Scott 2011). However, a model for supporting students’ reflection in this context is currently missing. The aim of the study is to develop and validate a model for supporting music students’ reflection processes in the context of music instrument studies. The model identifies the processes of reflection and specifies, based on the challenges of each process, how to support reflection in this context. Expert validation of the model was carried out through focus group interviews with twelve instrument teachers in three different institutes in Estonia. Findings suggest that with minor modifications, the model, developed based on the findings of supporting reflection in various contexts of higher education, is suitable for the context of music instrument studies.
The Positive Equilibrium Of Children – Musical Aspects
Authors: Marjanen Kaarina
Published: June 2014

The focus of this paper is constructed through 1) a child wellbeing study performed in Finland (2010-2012), and 2) music education as a form of creativity. Imagination, creativity, friendliness and the elements of comfort were found to be important for the positive wellbeing of a child. PISA studies reflect the peak of Finnish learning results concerning 15 -year-olds as a proof of the high quality of school education. Maintaining the positive learning results may be based on and supported by music education and creative musical experiences. This leads us to think about holistic music education as a resource.
The Role of Physical, Social and Mental Space in Chemistry Students’ Learning
Authors: Sandström Niclas , Mälkki Kirsi Sjöblom , Mälkki Kaisu , Lonka Kirsti
Published: June 2014

'Learning environment’ usually refers to the social and pedagogical contexts in which learning occurs. However, physical learning environment and its relation to learning are often neglected. The present study explored the relationship between chemistry student perceptions of physical space, social space and mental space regarding learning. Qualitative data were collected among chemistry students by focus-group interviews (n=21). The data showed that the students’ experienced competence and sufficiency of guidance, through either social or physical modalities, were strongly related to their sense of safety. This, in turn, may affect cognitive resources available for learning, which should be addressed in pedagogical design.
Сезонна динаміка кисневого режиму лотичної екосистеми (на прикладі р. Малий Cірет)
Authors: Legeta U. V. , Gavryloe D. G.
Published: June 2014

Проаналізовано сезонні зміни вмісту розчинного кисню у поверхневих водах р. Малий Сірет. Підкреслено вагомий внесок вітчизняних учених (П. І. Чернеги, Ю. С. Ющенка, В. Г. Явкіна та ін.) у розробку окремих аспектів даного питання. Із метою визначення фонових територій басейну річки Малий Сірет запропоновано та апробовано нову методику виявлення фонових і унікальних територій, які слугують еталоном для моніторингу басейну р. Малий Сірет.
Літоральний зоопланктон р. Удай у районі національного природного парку «Пирятинський»
Authors: Trokhymets V. N. , Sydorenko M. V. , Podobaylo A. V.
Published: June 2014

Уперше проведено еколого-фауністичний аналіз літорального зоопланктону середньої ділянки р. Удай. Дослідження проведені як складова частина обґрунтування створення у цьому регіоні Національного природного парку «Пирятинський». Встановлено видове різноманіття літорального зоопланктону шести дослідних станцій на р. Удай. Виявлено особливості біотопічного розподілу зоопланктону влітку у денні години. Охарактеризовано біотопічний розподіл зоопланктону різних станцій, основні екологічні показники популяцій зоопланктону (щільність і біомасу).
Фулерени: перспективи практичного застосування в медицині, біології та екології
Authors: Schur D. V. , Matysina Z. Z. , Zaginaichenko S. Y. , Botsva N. P. , Elina О. V.
Published: June 2014

Узагальнено результати власних досліджень і дані наукової літератури останнього десятиліття про властивості фулеренів і вуглецевих нанотрубок. Хімічна стабільність структури та низька токсичність фулеренів визначають їх застосування у медичній хімії, фармакології, косметології. Завдяки механічній міцності нанотрубки стали основою екологічно чистих конструкційних і захисних матеріалів. На основі фулериту С60 можна отримати матрицю, що дозволяє накопичувати до 7,7 мас. % гідрогену з утворенням гідрофулериту С60Н60. Застосування фулеренів для накопичення та збереження водню перспективне для розвитку екологічно чистої водневої енергетики.
Торій та уран у фракціях ґрунту та окремих видах макроміцетів бореальних лісових екосистем
Authors: Vinichuk M. M.
Published: June 2014

Досліджено вміст торію (Th) та урану (U) у фракціях ґрунту едафосфера, ризосфера, ризоплана, міцелії грибів та їх плодових тілах. Концентрація торію у фракції едафосфера, ризосфера та міцелії грибів суттєво не відрізняється (0,74–1,45 мг/кг сухої ваги), тоді як у фракції ризоплана вміст торію учетверо нижчий, ніж у загальній масі ґрунту – едафосфері. Концентрація урану у фракції едафосфера, ризосфера, ризоплана та міцелії грибів суттєво не відрізняється (3,11–9,36 мг/кг сухої ваги). Вміст обох природних ізотопів у плодових тілах грибів у 270 разів нижчий, ніж у загальній масі ґрунту: коефіцієнти біологічного поглинання урану та торію плодовими тілами грибів у середньому становлять 0,035 та 0,006 відповідно. Вміст торію та урану як у міцелії грибів, так і у плодових тілах зростає при підвищенні їх вмісту у ґрунті. У міцелії грибів верхнього (0–5 см) шару лісового ґрунту може бути зосереджено 2,0–5,0 та 1,4–2,7 % торію та урану від їх загального вмісту відповідно.
Трофические предпочтения двупарноногих многоножек (Diplopoda) при восстановлении террито-рий, нарушенных горнодобывающей промышленностью
Authors: Kulbachko Y. L. , Didur О. O.
Published: June 2014

Изучалась пищевая избирательность представителей кивсяков (Diplopoda) на различных вариантах шахтной породы и насыпке гумусированного слоя чернозема обыкновенного, используемого в качестве почво-грунта. Насыпка гумусированного слоя чернозема обыкновенного в большей степени обуславливает формирование пищевых предпочтений по сравнению с шахтной породой. Существуют статистически достоверные отличия в питании кивсяков, зависящем от предлагаемого животным корма – листового опада древесных пород (клен остролистный, робиния псевдоакация, можжевельник виргинский), применяемых в лесной рекультивации нарушенных земель.
Вплив антропогенних факторів на активність трансфераз на фоні середовищетвірної функції ссавців
Authors: Pakhomov O. Y. , Vasilyuk O. M.
Published: June 2014

Середовищетвірна активність ссавців має велике значення для нейтралізації забруднення на техногенно трансформованих територіях. Екскреторна та рийна активність деяких видів ссавців проявляється зниженням активності аланінамінотрансферази (АлАт) на 59–62 % на фоні стабілізації актив­ності аспартатамінотрансферази (АсАТ). Показано токсичну дію іонів цинку на водорозчинну фракцію білка в умовах комбінованої дії антропогенних чинників. Комбінований вплив рийної активності ссавців і цинку сприяв підвищенню (t/t0,05 = 1,15 та 1,42) активності АлАТ на фоні зниження активності АсАТ (t/t0,05 = 1,22 та 1,15). В умовах антропогенного навантаження великого значення набувають прості та чутливі методи визначення змін навколишнього середовища з використанням трансаміназ.
Фауна Anostraca, Notostraca и Conchostraca Харьковской области
Authors: Sidorovsky S. A.
Published: June 2014

Исследован видовой состав фауны Anostraca, Notostraca и Conchostraca Харьковской области. Впервые для Харьковской области обнаружен Streptocrphalus torvicornis (Waga, 1842), а Chirocephalus shadini (Smirnov, 1928) – впервые для фауны Украины. Уточнены данные о местообитаниях Drepanosurus birostratus (Fischer, 1851) и Tanymastix stagnalis Linnaeus, 1758, занесенных в Красную книгу Украины.
Методические аспекты учета численности бактериобентоса в условиях сезонного колебания температур
Authors: Chekalov V. P.
Published: June 2014

Рассмотрена целесообразность использования коэффициента температурной коррекции при учете численности бактерий в условиях, приближенных к природным, в том числе в акваториях полярных зон. В теплый период года численности потенциально жизнеспособной и физиологически активной микрофлоры обычно совпадают. При пониженных температурах активной может оказаться лишь одна из ста клеток. Культивирование посевов при нехарактерных (+20…+25 °С) для холодного времени года температурах приводит, как правило, к искаженным результатам. Предложено использовать в качестве поправочного коэффициента процентное соотношение колоний, впервые обнаруженных визуально на чашках «холодной» инкубации, к численности мезофильных форм за тот же интервал времени. Для исследования анаэробной и аэробной составляющих бактериального сообщества предлагается применять модифицированную среду Вильсона – Блера.
Антагоністична активність пробіотиків із бацил до ізолятів бактерій ротової порожнини пацієнтів із пародонтитом
Authors: Rivis O. , Kryvtsova M. , Nikolajchuk V.
Published: June 2014

It is admitted that the normal human microflora plays an important role in supporting homeostasis, forming immune mechanisms and metabolism. Nowadays, there is a constant growth of different diseases due to microbiological imbalance in a human organism. Preparations containing “good bacteria” have been used for therapeutic purposes since ancient times. The mechanism of probiotics influence comprises their ability to compete for adhesion sites with the pathogens, to exhibit antagonistic activity and stimulate the immune system of a host. Most of probiotics commonly used are the spores of Bacillus. Initially the main focus of their use was the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. So, the use of probiotics in dental practice is a poorly studied area. In recent years, probiotics have been investigated to provide the oral health. Therefore the study of using probiotics for correction of the oral microflora in people with inflammatory diseases of the periodontal tissues is promising. Our previous studies have shown changes in microbial community of an oral cavity in patients with periodontitis. In particular, the reducing number of obligate microorganisms and increasing number of pathogens was demonstrated. The paper describes the current data on the potential benefits and basic properties of the Bacillus spore probiotics, which demonstrate the viability and relevance in dental practice. The study tested antagonistic activity of commercial Bacillus probiotics "Biosporin" ("Biopharma", Ukraine), "Subalinum" ("Biopharma", Ukraine), "Normaflore" ("Sanofi-Aventis Zrt.", Hungary) and "Enterogermina" ("Sanofi-Synthelabo SpA", Italy) against clinical strains of microorganisms isolated from the oral cavity of patients with periodontitis. Thus, further studies on the role of spore probiotics in correction of the oral cavity microflora as a part of complex treatment of periodontitis should be carried out.
Колонизация ризопланы корней огурцов микроорганизмами, входящими в состав микробного препарата «Эмбико®»
Authors: Rzhevskaya V.S. , Teplitskaya L.M. , Oturina I.P.
Published: June 2014

The ability of microorganisms belonging to the microbiological preparation “Embiko®” to colonize the rhizoplanes and rhizospheres of the Competitor and Phoenix Plus types of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in vitro was investigated. The objects of study were the cultures of the lactic homofermentative streptobacteria Lactobacillus plantarum 20 and L. casei 6 and the homofermentative lactic streptococcus Lactococcus lactis 4/6, the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae 75 and the microbiological preparation “Embiko®” which includes the above-mentioned microorganisms. Germinated seeds were placed aseptically in biological test-tubes with starvation agar, where a suspension of the microbiological consortium of microorganisms had been added before. The ability of bacteria to colonize the root zone of plants was assessed visually by the intensity of formation of bacterial microcolonies on the surface of the roots of the seedlings and on the crushed micropreparations. The strain of S. cerevisiae colonized the entire volume of the agar along the entire length of the root, in the apical part of the root colonization was shown to be less active. With increasing duration of cultivation the intensity of colonization of the root zone by microorganisms was increased – colonies became larger. In various areas of the root the diameter of the cloud colonies S. cerevisiae was different in size. The strains of L. casei 6 and L. plantarum 20 colonized all the root zones, forming a cloud of small colonies around them. The strain of L. lactis 4/6 did not form colonies in the starvation agar and didn’t colonize the root surface of the cucumber seedlings. The microbiological preparation “Embiko®” colonized the root throughout its length, gradually narrowing in the apical zone. When inoculated with a pure culture of isolated strains the cloud was composed of monotypic colonies and looked homogeneous. When inoculated with the microbial consortium the cloud of the colonies looked heterogeneous, colonies of different sizes and colors were clearly visible. Under microscopy the preparations of the roots of the cucumber seedlings inoculated with the microbial preparation “Embiko®” yeast cells and cells of the lactic acid bacteria were found. This study of the ability of microorganisms from the preparation “Embiko®” to colonize the rhizoplanes and rhizospheres of roots of cultivated plants in vitro showed that the different strains of microorganisms form clouds of colonies around the roots which were distinct in turbidity and size: the strain of L. plantarum – almost transparent, and S. cerevisiae – very dense. The lowest growth rate of microorganisms was observed at the apex of the root, the highest – in the zone of root hair. Clearly, root exudates of plants are the main source of carbon and energy for the inoculated bacteria. The results indicate that the investigated microbial consortium has a promising potential to inoculate plants in order to stimulate their growth and development.
Мікробоценози стічних вод Львова на різних етапах очищення
Authors: Sholiak K.V. , Hnatush S.О. , Peretyatko T.B. , Gudz S.P.
Published: June 2014

The aim of this work was to investigate some physiological groups of microorganisms which are components of wastewater microbiocenoses. Microorganisms were grown in Petri dishes containing 20–30 ml agar selective medium and in 25 ml tubes at a temperature +30 ºC. The selective media were: wort agar for microscopic fungi and yeasts, Hutchinson medium for the cellulose-destroying microorganisms, starch-ammonium medium for microorganisms that can utilize mineral nitrogen forms, Postgate B medium for sulfate-reducing bacteria, Vinogradsky medium for nitrifying bacteria, Ashby medium for the nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Chapek medium for the actinomycetes. 1 mM Cr (VI) (104 mg/l) in the form of К2Cr2О7 was added to the medium. The number of colonies was determined by the Koch method. We studied wastewater microbocenoses of Lviv city at various stages of purification. We showed that the quantitative and qualitative composition of microorganisms differed significantly in primary and secondary clarifiers, the aerotank and sludge at different stages of sewage treatment. In the initial stages of purification, in the primary sump, bacteria that reached the treatment plant with sewage were found. Nitrifying bacteria (7.1 × 106colony forming units (CFU)/ml), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (9.0 × 106CFU/ml), and fungi (3.4 × 106 CFU/ml) dominated. The qualitative composition of microorganisms in primary clarifiers and the aerotank was similar, but their number in the aerotank was significantly higher than in the primary sump: 1.5 × 107 CFU/ml of nitrifying bacteria, 1.4 × 107CFU/ml of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, 6.7 × 106CFU/ml of fungi. The ratio of different physiological groups of microorganisms in the active sludge changed significantly. The predominant microorganisms were those that assimilate mineral forms of nitrogen (65%), their number was 1.6 × 108CFU/ml. In the secondary clarifier, the largest group was cellulose-destroying microorganisms (6.0 × 105CFU/ml). However, their numbers in the secondary sump were lower compared to their numbers in the aerotank and sludge (1.5–3.9 × 106CFU/ml). Among the representatives of various physiological groups of bacteria a significant number of chromium-resistant strains was detected. The largest number of chromium-resistant strains was detected in the active sludge and aerotank, which is probably due to the recirculation of microorganisms in the wastewater treatment. The highest percentage of Cr (VI) resistant microorganisms was among sulphate-reducing bacteria. An increase in the percentage of chromium-resistant microorganisms occurred together with the lowering of the total number of microorganisms of a certain physiological group. These microorganisms could prove useful for the development of biotechnological methods wastewater treatment to eliminate chromium compounds, which are highly toxic to living organisms.
High quality and high speed cutting of 4H-SiC JFET wafers including PCM structures by using Thermal Laser Separation
Authors: Lewke Dirk , Koitzsch Matthias , Dohnke Karl Otto , Schellenberger Martin , Zuehlke Hans-Ulrich , Rupp Roland , Pfitzner Lothar , Ryssel Heiner
Published: June 2014

The silicon carbide (SiC) market is gaining momentum hence productivity in device manufacturing has to be improved. The current transition from 100 mm SiC-wafers to 150 mm SiC-wafers requires novel processes in the front-end as well as the back-end of SiC-chip production. Dicing of fully processed SiC-wafers is becoming a bottleneck process since current state-of-the-art mechanical blade dicing faces heavy tool wear and achieves low throughput due to low feed rates in the range of only a few mm/s. This paper presents latest results of the novel dicing technology Thermal Laser Separation (TLS) applied for separating SiC-JFETs. We demonstrate for the first time that TLS is capable of dicing fully processed 4H-SiC wafers, including back side metal layer stacks, process control monitoring (PCM), and metal structures inside the dicing streets with feed rates up to 200 mm/s. TLS thus paves the way to efficient dicing of 150 mm SiC-wafers.
Coupled Vibrations in Index-Identified Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Levshov Dmitry , Michel Thierry , Paillet Matthieu , Than Xuan Tinh , Tran Huy Nam , Arenal Raul , Rahmani Abdelali , Boutahir Mourad , Zahab Ahmed-Azmi , Sauvajol Jean-Louis
Published: June 2014

Combining high resolution transmission electron spectroscopy, electron diffraction, and resonant Raman spectroscopy experiments on the same suspended (free-standing) individual carbon nanotubes is the ultimate approach to relate unambiguously the structure and the intrinsic phonon features of these nano-systems.

By using this approach, the effect of coupling between nanotubes on the phonons is investigated in two model nano-systems: (i) a bundle of two non-identical SWNTs (inhomogeneous dimer), (ii) double-walled carbon nanotubes.
Electrochemical synthesis of CdSe/CdTe nanowires for hybrid photovoltaic structures
Authors: Gurevits Jelena , Bereznev Sergei , Mikli Valdek , Naidu Revathi , Mellikov Enn , Kois Julia
Published: June 2014

Advanced electrochemical technique was elaborated to fabricate self-organized CdSe nanowire structures from aqueous electrolytes on ITO coated glass substrates. We have recently been demonstrated successful electrochemical formation of free-assistent CdSe nanowire structures with diameter around 30 nm. This work has extended our previous research of electrodeposition of Cd chalcogenide (CdSe, CdS) nanowires to formation of core-shell CdSe/CdTe photosensitive nanowire structures. CdSe nanowire structures were synthesized potentiostatically from an acidic solution of H2SeO3 and CdCl2 at room temperature. Then the CdSe (core) nanowires were further passivated with CdTe (shell) thin film by method of electrochemical deposition from acidic solution of H2TeO3 and CdCl2. The effect of interfacial passivation with CdTe layer on the performance of the prepared photovoltaic structures was investigated and special account was paid to the morphology, composition and photovoltaic properties of obtained CdSe/CdTe nano-layers. It should be noted, that electrically conductive polymer photoabsorbers (poly (3-octylthiophene) etc.) were applied successfully for preparation of high work-function ohmic contact-sensitizer layer to CdTe shells. The electrodeposition and spin-casting techniques were applied step-by-step to prepare complete hybrid photovoltaic structures.
Desigualdade de acesso a serviços de saneamento ambiental nos municípios brasileiros: evidências de uma Curva de Kuznets e de uma Seletividade Hierárquica das Políticas?
Authors: Saiani Carlos César Santejo , Toneto Júnior Rudinei , Dourado Juscelino
Published: June 2014

O principal objetivo do artigo foi verificar a relação entre a desigualdade de acesso aos serviços de saneamento ambiental e a renda dos domicílios. Além disso, foi analisado se a desigualdade de acesso é influenciada por outras variáveis relacionadas à oferta dos serviços, em especial, pelos aspectos políticos. Três hipóteses foram testadas: (i) se existe relação positiva entre a desigualdade de acesso e a desigualdade de renda; (ii) se a relação entre a desigualdade de acesso aos serviços e à renda per capita é semelhante à Curva de Kuznets (CK); e (iii) se existe Seletividade Hierárquica das Políticas (SHP) nesses serviços. Os resultados obtidos para os municípios brasileiros nos anos 1991 e 2000 sinalizaram a existência de uma SHP nos três serviços considerados, mas a CK se verificou apenas no abastecimento de água.
Satisfação e situação profissional: um estudo com professores nos primeiros anos de carreira
Authors: Alves Mariana Gaio , Azevedo Nair Rios , Gonçalves Teresa N. R.
Published: June 2014

O ingresso em uma profissão e as motivações para a sua escolha, os primeiros anos de carreira e o estatuto da profissão, em especial a docente, têm sido objeto de diversas investigações. Porém, tanto no caso português como no âmbito internacional, a inserção profissional dos professores tem sido negligenciada pelas pesquisas acadêmicas. Assim sendo, neste artigo, propomo-nos a contribuir com o conhecimento do processo de inserção profissional dos docentes de ensino básico e secundário, por meio da análise do grau de satisfação na profissão, dos aspectos mais e menos valorizados no trabalho, bem como da situação profissional em dois períodos, após um ano e depois de cinco anos de conclusão da licenciatura. Consideramos os licenciados em educação em comparação com todos os licenciados das universidades de Lisboa e Nova de Lisboa. Os dados apresentados permitem constatar que, nas dimensões estudadas, não existem diferenças significativas entre os licenciados com relação aos aspectos analisados. Das particularidades do grupo de licenciados em educação que participaram da pesquisa, destacamos: a ligeira saliência que assumem os aspectos altruístas; uma satisfação com a profissão ligeiramente maior; uma tendência à precarização dos vínculos contratuais e uma disposição para auferir em média rendimentos ligeiramente inferiores. Como considerações finais deste artigo, destacamos a necessidade de aprofundamento no estudo do modo como as condições de exercício da profissão influenciam o desenvolvimento dos professores em fase de inserção profissional. Além disso, salientamos a pertinência de que melhores formas de apoiar aprendizagem profissional sejam exploradas, bem como a construção da identidade profissional dos professores em início de carreira.
Evaluation of Stress Distribution of Mini Dental Implant-Supported Overdentures in Complete Cleft Palate Models: A Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis Study
Authors: SoğAnci Gökçe , YazicioğLu Hüseyin
Published: June 2014

Objective

Mini dental implants could be an alternative treatment method for prosthetic treatment of edentulous cleft palate. The aim of this study was to analyze stress distribution around the cortical bone and different plans using a varied number of mini dental implants in edentulous unilateral complete cleft palates.

Materials and Methods

Three edentulous maxillary models were modified to create unilateral complete cleft palates. Mini dental implants (2.4 × 15 mm) were located as two mini implants at the premolar region, four mini implants at the premolar and molar region, and six mini implants at the first premolar, second premolar, and first molar regions in the models, respectively. Mucosa, o-ring/ball attachments, and overdentures were simulated. Vertical and horizontal loads of 100 N were applied on both the right and left molar teeth of the overdenture for each model. Maximum and minimum principal stress values and the distribution at cortical bone around the implants and cleft palates were evaluated by finite element analysis.

Results

Stress values under vertical loads were lower than values under horizontal loadings for all models. Stress values were found to be lower in the first model than in the second and third models. The highest stress values were found around implants in the second model. The unilateral feature of a complete cleft pattern affected the stress distribution.

Conclusion

Stresses occured mostly around implants when the overdenture was supported by six implants; however, the stress distribution around implants was low with two implants because of tissue support.
Micro-structured Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate for Repair of the Alveolar Cleft in Cleft Lip and Palate Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: De Ruiter Ad , Janssen Nard , Van Es Robert , Frank Michael , Meijer Gert , Koole Ron , Rosenberg Toine
Published: June 2014

Objectives

Can a synthetic bone substitute be used to repair the alveolar cleft to bypass donor site morbidity as well as to shorten the operating time? In earlier experimental studies, micro-structured beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) provided similar bone healing when compared with grafting with iliac crest bone. This justifies the clinical evaluation of this bone substitute in the human alveolar cleft situation.

Design

Prospective clinical study.

Setting

University clinic.

Participants

Seven patients, all with unilateral alveolar cleft, were randomly included for alveolar cleft repair with β-TCP in 2010 and 2011.

Main Outcome Measures

In all patients, the alveolar cleft was repaired by micro-structured β-TCP grafting. Our assessments were distilled from cone beam computed tomography scans taken preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and 6 months postoperatively. A volumetric outcome could be realized.

Results

Six months after the operative grafting of micro-structured β-TCP into the alveolar cleft, the bone volume thus acquired was satisfactory. We found an average bone volume percentage of 73% ± 6% compared with the original cleft volume.

Conclusions

Previous experimental and clinical studies and the initial findings of this pilot study now elucidate a path toward the clinical use of micro-structured β-TCP bone substitute for repair of the alveolar cleft.
Craniofrontonasal Syndrome: Atrial Septal Defect with a Novel EFNB1 Gene Mutation
Authors: Goyal Manisha , Pradhan Gaurav , Wieland Ilse , Kapoor Seema
Published: June 2014

Craniofrontonasal syndrome (CFNS; OMIM # 304110) is a rare X-linked disorder with greater severity in heterozygous females than in hemizygous males. CFNS is characterized by coronal craniosynostosis, frontal bossing, severe hypertelorism, craniofacial asymmetry, downslant palpebral fissure, broad nasal root, bifid nasal tip, grooved fingernails, curly wiry hair, and abnormalities of the thoracic skeleton. There are very few cases describing association of CFNS with heart defects. We discuss a very rare feature: atrial septal defect in a molecularly confirmed case of CFNS.
Biology ofConchyloctenia hybrida(Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae) onSolanum campylacanthumsubsp.panduriforme
Authors: Ghebremariam Tsedal T , Krüger Kerstin , Reinhardt Carl F
Published: June 2014

The biology of the afrotropical Conchyloctenia hybrida Boheman on Solanum campylacanthum subsp. panduriforme was studied under laboratory conditions in South Africa. Papery oothecae contained between 2 and 10 eggs. Adults displayed vigorous feeding, high fertility, longevity, as well as careful choice of oviposition site. Construction of oothecae was highest at the junctions of main and lateral veins on abaxial leaf surfaces facing upwards or downwards and adaxial surfaces facing downwards. The period from oviposition to adult eclosion ranged between 37 and 42 d at 25°C. Adults had an even sex ratio. After a preoviposition period of 34 d, females deposited 3 to 48 oothecae in 4 to 91 d. The mean longevity of females and males was 168 and 165 d, respectively. The net replacement rate was 50.14, the intrinsic rate of natural increase was 0.97 per month, the mean generation time was 4 mo, and doubling time was 0.71 mo. Daily consumption rate of leaves increased rapidly in late larval instars and was highest for adults. Adults underwent a series of elytral color changes corresponding with age and physiological state. Mature adults characterized by hardened metallic-colored elytra had a higher winter survival rate than young adults with soft, nonmetallic elytra.
Comparison of techniques for the synthesis of hydroxyapatite
Authors: Cox Sophie C. , Walton Richard I. , Mallick Kajal K.
Published: June 2014

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a widely researched calcium phosphate biomaterial that is used primarily in bone replacement due to its chemical similarity to bone mineral. Many synthesis methods have been reported for the production of stoichiometric HA; however, processing parameters vary widely for each technique. Herein, the authors present a comparison of nanosized HA produced by aqueous precipitation, solvothermal synthesis and two self-propagating combustion synthesis (SPCS) methods using urea or citric acid combined with nitric acid. Powders were characterised via scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis, which enabled subtle compositional differences identified via powder X-ray diffraction to be clearly distinguished. Phase transformation of ‘HA’ prepared by aqueous precipitation to β-tricalcium phosphate and HA above 600°C revealed as-synthesised samples were in fact calcium-deficient HA. Mixed-phase particles formed spontaneously from solution via SPCS were shown to exhibit a larger average particle size (5·8–11·4 µm) and degree of agglomeration compared with aqueous precipitation (0·6 µm) and solvothermal (2 µm) samples. Ultimately, such physicochemical variations could significantly influence key properties such as solubility, bioactivity and potentially also biocompatibility. This paper provides evidence that the selection of a synthesis method and conditions to produce HA cannot be deemed as a trivial process.
Bimodal pore size distribution of a high-plasticity compacted clay
Authors: Burton G. J. , Sheng D. , Campbell C.
Published: June 2014

The microstructure of compacted clay plays an important role in its hydraulic and mechanical behaviour. However, little experimental evidence is available for high-plasticity clay compacted on the wet side of the standard Proctor optimum water content. The results of an oedometric and microstructural investigation (mercury intrusion porosimetry) on reconstituted and compacted high-plasticity clay are presented. The microstructural results indicate that a bimodal pore size density function is not limited to clays compacted on the dry side of the standard Proctor optimum. The compacted clay prepared on the wet side can display a bimodal pore size distribution dependent on the level of compaction, current void ratio and degree of saturation. The bimodal distribution of the compacted clay can be lost by compression to high vertical stress accompanied by an increase in the degree of saturation. In this case the compression path ultimately approaches the normal compression line of the reconstituted saturated material. The results demonstrate that the observed behaviour of the compacted clay can be interpreted with reference to the reconstituted clay.
Investigating the anisotropy of the shear modulus of natural Boom Clay
Authors: Dao L.-Q. , Cui Y.-J. , Tang A.-M. , Pereira J.-M. , Li X.-L. , Sillen X.
Published: June 2014

Boom Clay is considered to be a potential host formation for a geological repository of radioactive waste in Belgium. In this context, a thorough understanding of its mechanical behaviour is thus important. In this study, the anisotropy of the shear modulus of natural Boom Clay samples was investigated using the bender element method. Seven samples located at different distances from the connecting gallery of the HADES underground research laboratory were tested for shearing in three different directions with respect to the bedding plane. The results obtained confirm the mechanical anisotropy of Boom Clay. Furthermore, the values of small-strain shear modulus in the near field of the gallery were found to be lower than those in the far field, suggesting that the mechanical properties of Boom Clay remain affected by gallery excavation damage that occurred more than 10 years ago.
Assessing the accessibility of the Wolverhampton interchange, UK
Authors: Mehmood Amjid , Georgakis Panagiotis , Booth Colin
Published: June 2014

The UK Disability Discrimination Act (DDA) of 2005 requires transport service providers and local authorities to make reasonable infrastructure adjustments to accommodate the needs of disabled transport users. This paper presents the findings of a study that aimed to evaluate the extent to which the recently developed Wolverhampton Transport Interchange project meets the requirements set out in the Disability Discrimination Act. The study involved the implementation of a questionnaire survey of disabled users and semistructured interviews with stakeholders of the project. Site audits on three transport interchanges were undertaken for assessing the services offered and for enabling a comparative study. The paper presents the perceptions of users with various disability types regarding the infrastructure offered and concludes that the legislation had made an impact on improving the accessibility for disabled users, but what is needed is a process of rationalisation. Data from the transport interchange providers showed evidence of reasonable adjustments to meet the needs of the disabled, but obstacles to full compliance remained and further improvements could be made in order to enhance the services offered to the disabled users.
Application of Silicate/Polymer Water Shut-Off Treatment in Faulted Reservoirs with Extreme High Permeability
Authors: Lakatos I. , Lakatos-Szabó J. , Kosztin B. , Al-Sharji H. H. , Ali E. , Al-Mujaini A. A. , Al-Alawi N.
Published: June 2014

In frame of the project, one injector and two oil producers operating in different reservoirs having extremely high permeability were treated using the silicate/polymer method. The well selection based on analysis of production history, reservoir structure, and tracer test and production characteristics. The water cut in producers was close to or well above 90%. The chemical system was individually tailored to each well. The gel-forming solutions were sequentially injected into the wells using bullhead technique. The producers operating with sucker rod pumping were treated through the producing tubing or the annulus. In the latter case, a new "virtual" reactor concept was elaborated to mix the solution on the fly. Evaluating the results, it can be concluded that the project was successful. The cumulative daily oil production increased by 68 m3/d; meanwhile the water production decreased by 285 m3/d. Thus, on yearly basis, the incremental oil production might be as high as ~25,000 m3/y with water production less than 105,000 m3/y. The project clearly proved that the silicate/polymer technology could meet the requirements of the unique reservoir conditions (extreme permeability, faulted structure, and low formation temperature). In addition, great advantage of the composite methods is that easily available, cheap, and environmental friendly chemicals were used.