bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Methane Slip During Cargo Operations on LNG Carriers and LNG-Fueled Vessels
Authors: Herdzik Jerzy
Published: December 2018

In this paper was presented the problems of methane leakages during cargo operations on LNG carriers. Also the leakages are possible on LNG fueled vessels. Due to green-house effect from methane on the atmosphere it should be done some measures to avoid it. Building the cargo tanks with very high capacity, utilization of better thermal insulations limits the quantity of boil-off (BOG). It is used as a fuel in marine power plant, only the overage should be liquefied again. The leakages attend all cargo operations which methane goes directly to the atmosphere through pressure-vacuum valves and gas freeing installation to mast riser or by the ventilation system from cargo pump or compressor room. To minimize the slip on LNG carriers the re-liquefaction systems are installed. They are based on cooling systems which boil-off gas (mainly methane) is liquefied at ambient pressure in temperature about −161.5°C by pre-cooled nitrogen gas at temperature about −180°C. Compressed nitrogen to a pressure about 25MPa through multistage compressors with intercooling systems is expanded step by step (in intercoolers) to pressure about ambient reaches the temperature about −180°C. The re-liquefaction system needs delivering a lot of electric energy. The total level of methane leakages from mining to the last consumer may be different and sometimes very high. The leakage level starts as minimal 1% and may be raised up to 10%. It was indicated the undertaken actions and next possibilities of methane slip limitations.
The Use of Topology of IHBI Inverters in Parallel Operation of Ship Generating Sets With PMSG Generators
Authors: German-Galkin Sergiei , Tarnapowicz Dariusz , Tomasov Valentin S.
Published: December 2018

One of the methods to improve the efficiency of the ship’s propulsion is the increase of efficiency in ship generators by using permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG – Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator). Due to the lack of voltage regulator in PMSG, it is necessary to use power electronic converters to maintain a constant voltage level. One of the modes of operation for a ship’s power plant is a parallel work of generating sets. In the parallel work, there are problems in the fluctuation of active and reactive electrical power between generators. The article presents the concept of using inverters in the IHBI topology, which enables the parallel operation of generating sets with PMSG generators. This solution enables the adjustment of the flow of active and reactive powers between generating sets.
Influence of the Symmetry Plane Boundary Condition on the Planing Multihull Calm Water Resistance Test. CFD to Towing Tank Comparison
Authors: Sugalski Karol
Published: December 2018

This article present results of the comparison between numerical simulation (utilising Computational Fluid Dynamics) and towing tank experiment of the multihull vessel. Effect of the symmetry plane boundary condition on the resistance has been investigated. Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes equations with k-ω turbulence model has been used to calculate resistance of the hull with two degrees of freedom (2-DOF). Calculation has been done using OpenFOAM software package. Governing equations of fluid motion, together with the concept of the mesh and boundary condition has been presented in the first section of this work. Conclusion about calculating resistance of the multihull vessels has been made, after short presentation of the results.
The Destructive Effect of Fine Fractions of Soybean Meal in Transport Processes
Authors: Drzewieniecka Beata
Published: December 2018

Soybean meal is one of the most popular components of compound feed. The rise of its demand in the world causes a constant interest in this cargo and to conduct research in different directions. This is related to its inherent properties, and to the continuous changes that occur in it. Soybean meal is a solid bulk cargo. Loose soybean meal, apart from larger particles, also contains fine and dusty/powdery fractions, which create the risk of explosion and environmental pollution. The problem of protecting the environment against dusting of fine fractions of soybean meal is very important in the cargo handling processes. An additional aspect is the destructive effect of powdery fractions during these processes. The results of the research on the degrading effect of fine fractions of soybean meal and its compounds on the means of transshipments were presented. Due to the interaction of esters and other compounds contained in the soybean meal, the research has the implications for the changes in the properties of the rubber elements of the elevator conveyor. The effect of these changes may be the reduced durability of the conveyor belts and the associated risks such as operational failures.
Presentation of the Properties of the Supervised Measuring System with Flexible Support of Crankshafts in Application Terms
Authors: Nozdrzykowski Krzysztof , Kostrzewa Waldemar , Kałkowska Elwira
Published: December 2018

The article presents an original, innovative solution for an universal system for measurements of geometric deviations of large crankshafts with so-called flexible support of the measured object. The principles of selection of reaction forces realized by flexible supports enabling elimination of elastic deflections and elastic deformations of the shaft under the influence of own weight are discussed. Also presented are the properties of the Automation Studio programming environment and a visualization application for the control and management program of the measurement system developed on the basis of this programming environment.
Environment Protection Policy and Monitoring Systems for Polymetallic Nodules Exploitation
Authors: Abramowski Tomasz
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the analysis of ongoing implementation of environmental protection policies into deep seabed mining projects of Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone, (CCZ). Short introduction to the current environmental regime in the Area under UNCLOS jurisdiction is presented and potential impact of deep seabed mining is discussed. Selected results of efforts to minimize the impact on the marine environment and environmental baseline studies are described.
Mechatronic System with the Control of Voltage in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator
Authors: Tarnapowicz Dariusz , German-Galkin Sergiei
Published: December 2018

In recent years, the use of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) in ship power plant system has increased. PMSGs are characterized by better properties than the classic and commonly used synchronous generators. In comparison with classic synchronous generators, PMSGs do not have a voltage regulator, and hence as the load increases, the voltage at the output of the generator decreases. The article presents the use of an active voltage inverter with the task to maintain a constant voltage on the receiver along with the load’s increase. Simulation studies confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method were carried out.
Evolution of The Extruder Screw-Disk Plasticizing System Construction
Authors: Rydzkowski Tomasz , Michalska-Pożoga Iwona , Szczepanek Marcin , Thakur Vijay Kumar
Published: December 2018

The search for new polymer processing ways has become necessary due to the rapidly growing technology and market needs. The time of manufacturing products, as well as the impact of process parameters and the design itself on the properties of materials have become very important. Therefore, the creation of assumptions allowing the construction of a compact device whose construction will allow, for example, high process efficiency at low screw rotational speeds or a high degree of material homogenisation, is expected by the market. However, this requires the design of new or continuous modifications and improvements to existing structures.
Experimental Research of Self-Ignition Engine Fueled by Mixture of Diesel and Synthetic Fuel
Authors: Klyus Oleh , Skarbek-Żabkin Anna , Zamiatina Nadezhda
Published: December 2018

The paper presents the bench tests’ results of a swirl chamber engine fed with a mixture of petroleum and synthetic fuels. Synthetic fuel comes from the processing of polymeric waste and its content in the mixture equaled to 7%. According to the results, the basic operational parameters of the engine did not change significantly. A minor increase in NO2 emissions was observed, which may be explained by the increased combustion temperature. Simultaneously, the reduction of the smoke was obtained.
Determining and Analysing Support Conditions at Variable Construction of Crankshafts
Authors: Nozdrzykowski Krzysztof , Grządziel Zenon , Harušinec Jozef
Published: December 2018

The article presents study results of the influence of crankshaft construction changes on the choice of support conditions allowing to eliminate deflections and elastic deformations of crankshafts under their self-weight. For the purpose of this study we implemented a programme for strength calculations Nastran FX 2010 which enables modelling the research subject with a finite element method and counting the value if reaction forces ensuring zero value of deflections on main journals at a change in the crankshaft’s angle of rotation.
Methods of Energy Efficiency Improvement by Modernisation of Hydraulic Installations at a Fishing Cutter at the Baltic Sea
Authors: Szczepanek Marcin , Rajewski Przemysław , Barta Dalibor , Michalska-Pożoga Iwona
Published: December 2018

The Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) became mandatory for new ships as well as the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) for all ships due to the MEPC 62 (July 2011) along with the adoption of amendments to MARPOL Annex VI by the Parties to the MARPOL Annex VI. This was the first legally binding climate change treaty to be adopted since the Kyoto Protocol. The Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP), which has been obligatory since 2013, did not to cover fishing cutters but triggered the implementation of energy efficiency audits due to fishing limits, high fuel prices, and free freight market. All the above caused that ship-owners started seeking ways for saving money and keep their business profitable. Apart from energy recovery installations, fishing vessels have been furnished with the latest technologies aimed at the reduction of energy consumption and at making ships greener. A research team of the Maritime University of Szczecin conducted energy efficiency audits on several fishing vessels operated on the Baltic Sea and stated that up to 40% of the energy is used during fishing operations by hydraulic devices installed at the fishing vessels. The paper presents the measurement results of energy consumption in typical operational states based on a selected fishing cutter operating at the Baltic Sea. The paper includes also the recommendations in terms modernization of hydraulic installations and the changes of control methods for devices with hydraulic drive. The calculations are also presented herein and they prove that it is possible to reduce energy consumption by a fishing cutter even by 20% while maintaining the unchanged operating parameters of the hydraulic devices.
Selected Transverse Stability Problems Related to Articulated Vehicles Built to Carry Liquid Cargo
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Marek , Więckowski Dariusz , Matijosius J.
Published: December 2018

The paper deals with problems connected with the transportation of dangerous cargo in articulated road tankers. The problems related to transverse stability of articulated vehicles have been discussed. The rig and experimental tests carried out to explore the transverse stability problem have been presented. Attention has been paid to the specificity of articulated road tankers. The necessity of rig and field testing of vehicles of this kind has been emphasized. The specificity of the transportation of such articulated vehicles by sea has been highlighted.
Maritime Containers Refrigeration Plant Faults Survey
Authors: Złoczowska Ewelina
Published: December 2018

Container transport is the most popular type of sea shipping around the world. The share of reefers (refrigerated container) in the total number of containers transported is about 15%.The worldwide stock of refrigerated containers used for transportation of perishable goods is still growing, while the conventional reefer fleet is shrinking. Still, despite of clean advantages they also carry some risks. Difficult operating conditions of refrigerated containers instigate very high risk of malfunctions, including permanent damage. The majority of articles about refrigerated systems failures, focus mainly on the onshore ones. Publications describing damage of reefers are limited. Therefore, this article attempts to classify and analyze the most frequent failures of container’s refrigeration units. This issue is very important for the crew safety, natural environment and high quality product preservation. The data necessary to perform the analysis come from reports on units damaged over two years. Introduction presents the characteristic of refrigerated containers and problems which occur during their exploitation. Next, the research methodology is presented. Eventually, the research results are presented and discussed. The summary and conclusions close the work.
Lean Management – System Assumptions and Barriers to Implementation
Authors: Rydzkowski Tomasz , Michalska-Pożoga Iwona , Szczepanek Marcin , Kendra Martin
Published: December 2018

In recent years lean thinking (also referred as slim) increases its popularity not only in industry, but also in the entire business world. There are many confirmed effects demonstrating the high effectiveness of this philosophy: a clear improvement of economic indicators, an increase in current satisfaction and the acquisition of new clients; better, stable quality of offered products and services; efficient organization of production; more effective management; high productivity of work and production; minimizing the costs of production and storage of stocks. Why is Lean implementation in our domestic conditions not easy and sometimes ineffective? In this study we will try to answer these very important questions.
Hotel Industry – Requirements for Hotel Business Managers’ Participatory Culture Acquisition
Authors: Piasetskaya Inna , Matuszak Alla
Published: December 2018

The paper aims at viewing meeting the requirements of hotel business managers functioning and training. As their successful employment and functions performing largely depends on participatory culture acquisition, the paper addresses the research questions: what groups of skills hotel business managers’ participatory professional skills (PPS) consist of; what activities might be used to teach PPS to future hotel business managers; what is the activities’ impact on teaching PPS to future hotel business managers. Case study and pedagogical experiment (the pretest-post-test control and experimental group design) have been applied in the research. Data have been gathered through conversational interviewing. Data source triangulation has been implemented to prove the validity of conversational interviewing questions. The research results in enlisting profession skills as the core of participatory culture. The traditions of the higher school and the requirements of partners participating in future hotel business managers training have been taken into consideration to teach PPS to future hotel business managers. The paper presents the results of testing the impact of the suggested activities program on the level of PPS. Statistical data processing is performed in the MS Excel 2010 environment using the chi-square test with a sample size (n ≥ 100). It shows that the program of activities meets the requirements to the future hotel business managers’ participatory culture acquisition.
The Assembly Loads and Some Strengthening Methods of the Products from Porous Material with Coiled Wire
Authors: Jakubowski Andrzej
Published: December 2018

The product from porous permeable material based on a wire coil consists of a round, porous, thin-walled tube. The impact of assembly loads of the porous tube has been examined to determine the maximum values of the compressive force and axial elastic strain during the assembly. To improve mechanical properties of the product additional reinforcement has been proposed: larger diameter wire, woven wire cloth or spring.
Inter-parliamentary cooperation and its administrators
Authors: Fitsilis Fotios
Published: December 2018

Parliamentary administrators have to cope with a complex and ever-changing procedural framework, as well as with conflicting demands from the policy side. Nevertheless, their role in inter-parliamentary cooperation is rather under-researched. This article focuses on the actors of Administrative Parliamentary Networks and introduces two entirely new entities: European Programmes; and networks of Parliamentary Budget Offices, which seem to have escaped scholar’s attention. Administrative duties and roles are discussed in the context of inter-parliamentary cooperation and a new role is attributed to parliamentary administrators, that of the researcher. Existing findings from previous studies are put under a new light and analysed with the support of empirical data.
A ‘second youth’ for the EU Speakers’ Conference? A critical appraisal of its ‘quasi-constitutional’ role
Authors: Fasone Cristina
Published: December 2018

The EU Speakers’ Conference has experienced a ‘second youth’ after the entry into force of the Treaty of Lisbon by playing a ‘quasi-constitutional’ role in inter-parliamentary cooperation, and in particular by trying to exercise a rule-making function over the many inter-parliamentary venues of the EU’s system of government. The fulfilment of such a function has certainly not been made any easier as a consequence of the constitutional constraints surrounding the positions of the Speakers and Presidents of the European and Member States’ (MS) Parliaments, with a considerable variety in terms of powers and decision-making capacity among the MS and the EU. Despite these limitations, the ‘quasi-constitutional’ role of the EU Speakers’ Conference has mainly consisted of approving guidelines, if not directly rules of procedure, for other inter-parliamentary venues. It has also been argued that the coordinating function of the EU Speakers’ Conference can be much more effective when looking at its ‘quasi-constitutional’ role, and also in its function of joint parliamentary scrutiny in the EU, if it is aimed at enhancing the rational organisation of inter-parliamentary activities in terms of timing, agendas and ex-post supervision of the results, in the absence of any other possible alternative to the Speakers’ leadership.
The Lion Heart of a Neurosurgeon: the Stress during a Life of Neurosurgery
Authors: Turliuc Dana Mihaela , Costea Claudia Florida , Turliuc Ş. , Sascău R.A. , Pătrăşcanu Emilia , Poeată I. , Cucu A.I.
Published: December 2018

Neurosurgery is a rewarding career choice in which there are many challenges and stress factors that can lower the level of satisfaction and also increase the levels of burnout. The identification and management of common work-related stressors is important for improving the performance of health-care specialists and also for providing high-quality patient care.
Outcome of Traumatic bilateral basal ganglia Hemorrhage: Rarest entity: Prospective study of five cases: Single institutional Experience
Authors: Gupta Neha , Kankane Vivek Kumar , Gupta Tarun Kumar
Published: December 2018

Traumatic Basal ganglia hemorrhage is rare entity but bilateral basal ganglia hematoma after trauma is extremely rare and is limited to case reports. We describe five cases of traumatic bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage, and its outcome and management. All Cases were managed conservatively. The general incidence of TBGH is reported between 2.4-3% of closed head injury. However, the incidence is higher in post mortem studies (9.8%). Five consecutive patients of TBGH, shown in initial Noncontrast CT (NCCT) head, admitted in our institute from August 2013 to August 2016, during this period total patient admitted of head injury is 1061 so incidence of Traumatic bilateral basal ganglia Hemorrhage in our series is 0.47% which is very less compare to previous literature formed the prospective study group. There were 3 males and 2 females; age ranging from 20 to 45 years (average 30 years).Hypertensive patients, drugs abuse history, history of coagulopathy with doubtful history of trauma or unknown mode of injury was excluded from the study. All patients had sustained road traffic accidents. NCCT head done of all patients after initial resuscitation. GCS at admission were 9 to 12 (mean 10.4), Outcome assessed by Glasgow outcome Score. All patients outcome was good. Average follow up 8.54 months.
Analysis of Traumatic brain injury related to Kite flying festival: An institutional study
Authors: Jaiswal Manish , Jaiswal Somil , Ojha Bal Krishna , Singh Sunil Kumar , Chandra Anil , Srivastava Chhitij
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Makar Sankranti or Uttarayan is the kite flying festival in India. The festival marks the end of winter and the beginning of summer as the sun moves to the Tropic of Cancer bringing with it longer and warmer days. But it turns into a difficult day for those who are hospitalised after suffering from kite flying related injuries. Aims & Objectives: The objective of this cross sectional study was to review the demographics, causes injury, severity, treatment and outcome of traumatic brain injuries in victims of this kite flying festival who were admitted in department of Neurosurgery on the occasion this year in January. Patients & Methods: A total of 46 traumatic brain injured patients was admitted under Neurosurgery Services that day, out of which 18 cases were related to kite flying related injury. Data of these 18 patients were analysed and outcome were measured at discharge. Result: kite flying festival related neurotrauma increase 39% more emergency admission burden as compared to routine days in neuro-emergency ward. Most common cause of head injury among them was fall from roof. Majority of them had mild head injury. Associated injuries to other part of body were present in 46% patients. Conclusion: Children were most affected due to unsupervised kite flying on roof and road side catching of kites. Depressed fracture was commonest type of traumatic brain injury. Strict attention to safety measures and parental supervision while flying kites can avoid many preventable injuries to life.
Assessment of water quality and nutrient balance of a small lake in urban landscape – case study of Rusałka lake in the Wielkopolskie Lakeland
Authors: Janicka Ewelina , Kanclerz Jolanta , Jany Julita , Adamska Anna , Murat-Błażejewska Sadżide
Published: December 2018

Assessment of water quality and nutrient balance of a small lake in urban landscape - case study of Rusałka lake in the Wielkopolskie Lakeland. In this work based on the results of laboratory analysis of water samples, the water status of lake and as well as water fl owing and out of the lake, during growing season of 2011-2012 and 2016-2017 were assessed. The water samples for physico-chemical analysis were collected once a month from three control points and following parameter were analyzed for: oxygen conditions and organic pollutants (oxygen, BOD5, COD), acidification (pH), salinity (EC) and nutrients concentration (N-NO3, N-NO2, N-NH4 i P-PO43-). The state of the waters of Rusałka lake and Bogdanka river upstream the lake and downstream the lake qualified for III-V grade of quality. This was mainly due to high value of COD and BOD5indices. The main sources of nutrients in the lake’s water were the non-point sources. Yearly introduction of fish, fishing and leisure activities around lake as well as real estate development in the catchment led to the degradation of the quality of the water in Rusałka lake.
Analysis of the yield of selected apple varieties in the first years after the planting the orchard
Authors: Masłowska Weronika , Liberacki Daniel
Published: December 2018

Analysis of the yield of selected apple varieties in the first years after the planting the orchard. The aim of the paperwork was to analyze the impact of innovative apple orchard cultivation on the yield of selected apple varietes: Galaval, Buckeye Gala, Golden Reinders, Grani and Fuji. The research ware conducted on orchard located in Gutowo Małe, Września county, in the Wielkopolskie province. The orchard was established in May 2016. The area of orchard is 4.0 ha and there are 7,600 annual and biennial apple seedlings. The analyzed apple varieties are used in foreign orchards. Cutting and forming trees is done in a different way, from the way it was done in traditional orchards. The purpose of this is to achieve better conditions of sunlight, which significantly affect the color of the fruit. Good coloring of fruit is one of the factors determining the profitability of crop. The aim of the study is to assess, the quality and quantity of yield of apple varieties, which have not been grown in Poland yet. The first harvest was recorded in 2017. The early cultivation period was characterized by the lack of irrigation. Atmospheric conditions of the studied area had a significant effect on the yield of apple trees. The considered year 2017 was defined as wet with a precipitation of 659 mm higher by 77 mm than the average over multiannual (2007-2017), while the temperature was higher by 0.4°C than the average over the period from 2007 to 2017. During the growing season, the sum of precipitation was 346 mm and slightly exceeded the long-term average. After the analysis of the harvest, it was found that the Fuji variety yielded best. Despite the dumping of more than half of the fruits from each tree, in order to improve their quality, the average yield was 15.0 t·ha-1, in the first year of yielding.
Possible Influence of Oxidative Stress on Development of Raynaud Phenomenon in Patients With CREST Scleroderma Syndrome
Authors: Kocić Hristina , Stamenković Bojana , Popović Danijela , Zlatanović Zorana , Marković Tomislav , Tiodorović Danica
Published: December 2018

CREST syndrome represents a form of scleroderma where the progressive autoimmune reaction is mainly manifested by the main symptoms, which make this acronym: calcinosis cutis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and teleangiectasia. Among the first affected organs is the skin followed by the excessive fibrosis manifested by the deposition of collagen in dermis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) theory has been underlined as one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms and triggering factor in development of scleroderma. The present study was aimed at estimating the marker of lipid peroxidation products (MDA) in plasma of patients with CREST syndrome having manifested symptoms of both Raynaud syndrome and positive ANA antibodies. The lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was significantly higher in the patients who had CREST syndrome and Raynaud syndrome for less than 10 years compared to the patients suffering from Raynoud syndrome for more than 10 years (p<0.05). Both groups were found to have a significant MDA level increase (p<0.001) compared to the control healthy subjects. In conclusion, the relationship between lipid peroxidation (MDA level) and Raynaud syndrome appearance may emphasize the role of ROS produced by the ischemia-reperfusion injury as an early pathogenetic mechanism in CREST scleroderma syndrome.
Effect of long-term slurry application on contents of available forms of soil macronutrients
Authors: Gaj Renata , Budka Anna , Antonkiewicz Jacek , Bąk Krzysztof , Izychard Paulina
Published: December 2018

The objective of the study was to assess the effects of long-term application of liquid manure from pig production and digestate from manure fermentation installation for biogas production on chemical changes in the soil, i.e.: soil reaction, accumulation of available forms of phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium in the soil arable layer, as well as the phosphorus balance. The assessment was carried out in two highly productive farms specialising in pig production, located in the Zachodniopomorskie Province. The soils under the study were treated with slurry and digestate annually for subsequent 12 years. The assessment of changes in nutrient content and accumulation was performed twice: after 10 and 12 years of fertiliser treatments. The rate of changes in soil reaction due to slurry and digestate application varied depending on the analysed field. Irrespective of the analysed field, 12-year application of slurry caused a drop in soil pH by an average of half a unit. The direction of changes in the content of available nutrient forms in the soil varied depending on the element evaluated. Notwithstanding the analysed field and the type of slurry used, a decrease in the content of available forms of potassium in the soil was observed. Slurry fertilisation did not affect magnesium contents in the soil. In the study period, the content of magnesium remained unchanged. Among the evaluated nutrients, an increased nutrient content in the soil was only found in the case of phosphorus – as a result of application of liquid manure in combination with mineral fertilisation. In the analysed farms, in the case of fields fertilised with slurry and digestate, the phosphorus balance was positive, and ranged from 15 to 40 kg P·ha−1. The obtained values of the phosphorous balance strongly suggest that regardless of the type of liquid manure used on the farm, measures should be taken to introduce changes in the scope of fertilisation plans, with particular emphasis on the principles of balanced fertilisation.
Data and Cyber Security in Autonomous Vehicle Networks
Authors: Raiyn Jamal
Published: December 2018

An autonomous vehicle (AV) is a vehicle that operates and performs tasks under its own power. Some features of autonomous vehicle are sensing the environment, collecting information and managing communication with other vehicles. Many autonomous vehicles in development use a combination of cameras, sensors, GPS, radar, LiDAR, and on-board computers. These technologies work together to map the vehicle’s position and its proximity to everything around it. Because of their reliance on these sorts of technologies, which are easily accessible to tampering, a autonomous vehicles are susceptible to cyber attacks if an attacker can discover a weakness in a certain type of vehicle or in a company’s electronic system. This lack of information security can lead to criminal and terrorist acts that eventually cost lives. This paper gives an overview of cyber attack scenarios relating to autonomous vehicles. The cyber security concept proposed here uses biometric data for message authentication and communication, and projects stored and new data based on iris recognition. Iris recognition system can provide other knowledge about drivers as well, such as how tired and sleepy they might be while driving, and they are designed to encrypt the vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-environment communication based on encryption security mechanisms.
Social Dance (shakō dansu) in Japan: Between Sociability and Sport
Authors: Veemees Kristina
Published: December 2018

Since the film Shall We Dansu? (1996) and many TV shows, social dance has become known to a wider audience in Japan. Nevertheless, prejudices such as „That doesn‟t suit the Japanese‟ continue to exist, because the intimate body contact in ballroom dancing is hard to accept in a culture where „skinship‟ (body contact) is only important during childhood. For this reason, dance schools were under the law controlling Japanese entertainment and the sex industry until 1998. This article deals with the historical situation and cultural issues of social dance in Japan.
Domestic Climate Change Governance in East Asia: A Comparative Analysis of Japan, China and South Korea
Authors: Loher Josef Falko
Published: December 2018

This article deals with domestic climate change governance in Japan, China and South Korea between 1997 and 2010. It examines whether the modes of governance of these three states show congruencies. In order to test this, the thesis uses a model of analysis by Treib, Bähr and Falkner, which examines seven categories within the three dimensions of polity, politics and policy. In each category, corresponding modes of governance are located on a spectrum between state intervention and societal autonomy. As the results of the analysis show, the hypothesis of congruent modes of governance in all three East Asian states cannot be confirmed. However, Japan and China show strong similarities in six out of seven categories. Modes in both states can be located on the traditional side of the spectrum tending towards state intervention. South Korea’s modes of governance differ as they are hybrid in most of the categories. However, since the enforcement of the Korean Low Carbon, Green Growth Strategy in April 2010, Korea seems to be moving towards Japan’s and China’s so-called traditional modes of governance.
Climate Change Policy in Chinese Online Media Discourse: The Case of the Debate on the Copenhagen Climate Summit 2009
Authors: Immervoll Thomas
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the debate in Chinese online media on both climate change policy and the 2009 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Copenhagen (COP15). Based on the results of a discourse analysis of Chinese language weblogs, the paper argues that at the time of COP15 there was a dominant single discourse coalition, while also identifying alternative discourse formations. The main reasons for this discursive structure seem to be the ways in which actors are participating in the political process, the sensitivity of the topic of climate change in the Chinese discussion, and the influence of foreign debates.
Electronic Waste in China, Japan, and Vietnam: A Comparative Analysis of Waste Management Strategies
Authors: Ignatuschtschenko Eva
Published: December 2018

This paper comparatively analyses the e-waste sector in China, Japan, and Vietnam by examining progress towards the international best practice model of Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) within each country. Through three distinct, yet interdependent dimensions of ISWM (stakeholders, waste system elements, and sustainability aspects), similarities and differences between the three East Asian countries are identified. The analysis shows that the e-waste management approaches differ substantially. The Vietnamese e-waste management approach is least consistent with the ISWM framework, while Japan complies the most with the ideals of the model and Chinese progress towards ISWM is mostly located between the two countries. However, a substantial proportion of Japanese e-waste is exported to developing countries in an uncontrolled manner. The analysis further suggests that the state of development and national characteristics have a significant impact on how the three countries approach e-waste management. In particular, the central role of the informal e-waste sectors in China and Vietnam poses a challenge to the establishment of an effective integrated sustainable e-waste management system. In light of the transnational flow of e-waste in the region, only joint actions will lead to long-term solutions to the increasing threat of e-waste to the environment and human health.
Between Jazz, Cherry Blossoms, and Baseball: Transculturality in the Publications of Murakami Haruki
Authors: Juen Sarah Anna
Published: December 2018

In this day and age a continuous flow of ideas and culture takes place, which is part of the globalisation process. These exchanges influence the development of a transcultural literature. Murakami Haruki is not only a transcultural writer, but one of the most popular and internationally acclaimed authors of contemporary Japanese literature who has changed the literary scene in Japan since the publication of his debut novel Kaze no uta o kike (Hear the Wind Sing). Murakami has experimented with postmodern expressions and eventually developed his own writing style, which integrates elements of Western cultures into his works. This paper focuses on the author’s transcultural strategy, which is often reflected in his choice of the setting and time frame, the frequent mentioning of cultural consumer goods and linguistic features such as the utilisation of loanwords. In particular, references to music and literature play a major role in Murakami’s publications. This paper analyses how and to what extent transculturality influences the characters, their actions, and the storyline on the basis of the short story “Nemuri” (Sleep) published in 1989. In the process it is concluded that, above all, these references underpin aspects such as the search for identity, the escape into ‘another world’, and the rejection of societal norms and values.
The Bunkyū Restoration: The Restoration of Imperial Tombs and Re-Design of Imperial Ancestor Worship
Authors: Pickl-Kolaczia Brigitte
Published: December 2018

This paper aims to analyse a possible connection between the renovation of imperial tombs in the Bunkyū era (1861-1864) and the restoration of imperial power in 1868. While there is no direct continuity between these two events, a connection certainly exists. In a time when Japan faced foreign threats and domestic turmoil, certain groups and persons felt it was time to elevate the institution of the emperor to the-supposed-former glory. One way of doing this was the restoration of the imperial tombs that had fallen into disrepair and the renewal of imperial ancestor worship. The Bunkyū Restoration can be seen as one of the many puzzle pieces that together formed the process that led to the Meiji Restoration.
A Review of the Carpathian Ephialtini Parasitoids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae) Associated with Spiders
Authors: Varga O.
Published: December 2018

A list of the Carpathian species of the tribe Ephialtini associated with spider hosts is provided. Totally, 33 species are present in the region, 27 of them in the Ukrainian part and 22 in Romania. Acrodactyla quadrisculpta (Gravenhorst, 1820), Clistopyga canadensis Provancher, 1880, Schizopyga frigida Cresson, 1870, the genus Sinarachna Townes, 1960, with two species, S. nigricornis (Holmgren, 1860) and S. pallipes (Holmgren, 1860), Tromatobia lineatoria (Villers, 1789), and Zatypota discolor (Holmgren, 1860) are recorded for Ukraine for the fi rst time. Clistopyga sziladyi Kiss, 1959 and Polysphincta vexator Fitton, Shaw & Gauld, 1988 are new Romanian records. Polysphincta longa Kasparyan, 1976 is a new record for Ukraine and Romania. A redescription of Schizopyga coxator Constantineanu, 1973 and illustrated comparative notes about S. coxator and S. circulator (Panzer, 1800) are provided. Th e paper also contains an illustrated key to European species of the genus Clistopyga Gravenhorst, 1829.
Vector Error Correction Model on FDI and their Impact in the Republic of Macedonia
Authors: Kikerkova Irena , Naumovska Elena , Toshevska-Trpchevska Katerina , Disoska Elena Makrevska
Published: December 2018

The subject of this paper is the foreign direct investment (FDI) inflow in Macedonia and its impact upon the economic growth and development of the country. Its basic purpose is to analyse the interconnection of FDI with a number of economic, political and institutional variables in Macedonia. We decided to apply Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) on FDI impact upon the Macedonian economy. The FDI indicator is calculated as a function of certain fundamental economic variables (GDP growth rate, labor productivity rate, openness to trade, current account balance) as well as of Worldwide Governance Indicators (control of corruption, government effectiveness, political stability, regulatory quality and rule of law). Results obtained by the econometric model should provide relevant conclusions on the impact of the up-to-date FDI inflow upon the growth and development of the Macedonian economy.
Lessons from a Review of Money, Banking, and the Business Cycle
Authors: Simpson Brian P.
Published: December 2018

Shawn Ritenour provides a review of my two-volume book titled Money, Banking, and the Business Cycle in the winter 2016 issue of The Quarterly Journal of Austrian Economics. This paper constitutes a response to some of the criticisms of the book in his review. In this response, I discuss topics such as the nature of profits, the sustainability of changes in time preference, the role of changes in prices versus changes in spending in the business cycle, the relationship between interest rates and the rate of profit, the nature of fraud, and the nature of value. I also discuss whether the structure of production can be measured using the average period of production. I address other issues raised by Ritenour as well. This discussion sheds light on Austrian business cycle theory and the nature of the business cycle.
VARIASI BULANAN SALINITAS, PH, DAN OKSIGEN TERLARUT DI PERAIRAN ESTUARI BENGKALIS
Authors: Amri Khairul , Muchlizar Muchlizar , Ma'mun Asep
Published: December 2018

Salinitas, pH, dan oksigen terlarut (dissolved oxygen/DO) merupakan paramater oseanografi kimia yang memiliki peranan penting di suatu perairan. Pola dan nilai sebaran ketiga parameter tersebut berbeda antara di perairan estuari dengan di laut lepas. Informasi mengenai kondisi paramater oseanografi kimia perairan estuari Bengkalis penting diketahui karena merupakan habitat terubuk bengkalis (Tenualosa macrura), ikan endemik yang terancam punah akibat degradasi lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui variasi bulanan parameter kimia oseanografi khususnya salinitas, pH, dan oksigen terlarut perairan estuari Bengkalis, Riau. Penelitian dilakukan selama 7 bulan pada tahun 2015 yaitu bulan April, Mei, Juni, Agustus, September, Oktober, dan November. Metode yang digunakan adalah survei in-situ dengan kapal survei di 16 stasiun pengukuran di estuari Bengkalis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai sebaran rata-rata bulanan salinitas, pH dan DO di estuari Bengkalis berbeda berdasarkan lokasi dan waktu pengukuran. Nilai sebaran rata-rata bulanan salinitas, pH, dan DO memiliki rentang yang cukup lebar. Salinitas berkisar antara 6,5-30,7 psu; pH berkisar antara 5,9-8,4; dan DO berkisar antara 2,35-5,70 ppm. Nilai pH yang rendah (pH 5,9), dan DO rendah (2,35 ppm) tersebut ditemukan di muara Sungai Siak, ini menguatkan bukti terjadinya pencemaran di aliran sungai ini.
ANALISIS POTENSI RAMBATAN TSUNAMI DI PANTAI UTARA DESA DULUKAPA DAN DEME 1 KABUPATEN GORONTALO UTARA UNTUK MITIGASI BENCANA TSUNAMI
Authors: Nurfitriani Nurfitriani , Mamuaya Gybert E , Djamaluddin Rignolda , Yatimantoro Tatok
Published: December 2018

Secara tektonik, zona subduksi di utara Gorontalo berpotensi menimbulkan gempa bumi yang dapat mengakibatkan tsunami. Kajian statistik seismisitas menunjukkan adanya indikasi celah kegempaan di wilayah tersebut dengan Magnitudo maksimum sebesar 8,2 Mw. Pemodelan tsunami dilakukan untuk mengestimasi ketinggian run up tsunami di pesisir pantai dan luasan daerah genangan tsunami sebagai upaya mitigasi bencana tsunami di Desa Dulukapa dan Deme 1. Pemodelan tsunami menggunakan teori gelombang linier di laut dalam dan gelombang perairan dangkal pada perairan dengan kedalaman dangkal dan daerah landaan dengan grid yang konstan dengan bantuan aplikasi TUNAMI-N2. Gempa bumi yang digunakan untuk pemodelan merupakan skenario terburuk berdasarkan tatanan tektonik dan sejarah kegempaan wilayah penelitian. Data yang digunakan meliputi data batimetri GEBCO (General Bathymetric Chart Of The Ocean) grid 30 arc second dan topografi SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) grid 1 arc second yang dikeluarkan oleh USGS. Selanjutnya, data gempa bumi dan tsunami masing-masing diperoleh dari katalog gempa bumi Advanced Nasional Seismic System (ANSS) dan Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu penjalaran gelombang dari episenter ke pantai utara Desa Dulukapa 18,2–13,8 menit dengan run up 9,8–13,8 m dan jarak terjauh landaan tsunami sejauh 800 m. Sementara itu, waktu tiba tsunami di Desa Deme 1 sekitar 18,8–23,83 menit dengan run up
 10,76–15,1 m, dan jarak terjauh landaan tsunami sejauh 830 m. Luasan daerah landaan tsunami mencapai 1900 m² pada kedua desa tersebut. Kedua desa tersebut merupakan wilayah yang rawan terdampak tsunami sehingga perlu dilakukan upaya mitigasi bahaya tsunami untuk mengurangi resiko yang ditimbulkan.
Analysis of flow and phase interaction characteristics in a gas-liquid two-phase pump
Authors: Zhang Wenwu , Yu Zhiyi , Li Yongjiang
Published: December 2018

To analyze the characteristics of internal flow and phase interaction in a gas-liquid two-phase pump, the influence of Inlet Gas Void Fraction (IGVF), discharge coefficient, and medium viscosity were investigated using medium combinations of air-water and air-crude. Simulations were performed using ANSYS_CFX at differentIGVFs and various values of discharge coefficient. Structured grid for the full flow passage was generated using ICEM_CFD and TurboGrid. Under conditions ofIGVF = 0% (pure water) andIGVF = 15%, the reliability of numerical method was proved by means of the comparison with the experimental data of external characteristic. The results for air-water combination showed a uniform gas distribution in the inlet pipe, and formation of a stratified structure in the outlet pipe. The gas in impeller gathered at the hub because of the rotation of the impeller, also, the interphase forces increased with the increasedIGVF. For the two medium combinations, the drag force was the largest interphase force, followed by added mass and lift forces, and then the turbulent dispersion force was the least, which can be neglected. Because of the larger viscosity of crude than that of water, the variation trend of interphase forces in the impeller is relatively smooth along the flow direction when the medium combination was air-crude.
UM CASO DE SUCESSO? POLÍTICAS NEOLIBERAIS, SETOR EXTRATIVO E CORPORAÇÕES PRIVADAS ENQUANTO AGENTES DE DESENVOLVIMENTO EM MOÇAMBIQUE
Authors: Lamas Isabella
Published: December 2018

Segundo o Banco Mundial, a extração dos recursos naturais é uma possibilidade única de financiamento rápido do desenvolvimento econômico e da redução de pobreza, principalmente nos países do Sul Global. Ao contrário dos países centrais, que implementaram progressivamente políticas neoliberais principalmente a partir dos anos 1970, Moçambique apresenta uma trajetória econômica enquanto país independente ainda muito recente. O país começou a implementar reformas de ajuste estrutural do Banco Mundial e do FMI a partir de 1987, com o Programa de Reabilitação Econômica (PRE), que marcou a sua transição para uma economia de mercado. A estabilidade dos indicadores políticos e econômicos no período pós-guerra fez com que Moçambique fosse retratado como um caso de sucesso pelo FMI, Banco Mundial e comunidade de doadores internacionais. O recente expressivo crescimento econômico do país foi impulsionado pela grande quantidade de investimento estrangeiro direto destinada à implementação de megaprojetos no setor extrativo. Neste contexto, a corporação multinacional brasileira Vale S.A. ganhou, em 2004, uma concessão para extração de carvão na Província de Tete. A partir de evidências empíricas da atuação socioambiental da Vale no país, argumenta-se que o processo de neoliberalização gerou uma abertura na governança para que empreendedores privados passassem a atuar enquanto agentes centrais na promoção do desenvolvimento local. Apesar disso, nos arredores das operações da Vale é possível observar espaços normalmente caracterizados por baixos níveis de desenvolvimento humano e conflitualidade latente, o que acentua o paradoxo central da economia política moçambicana contemporânea: crescimento econômico com aumento da pobreza e da desigualdade.