bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-therapeutic administration of a model antimicrobial growth promoter modulates intestinal immune responses
Authors: Costa Estela , Uwiera Richard RE , Kastelic John P , Selinger L Brent , Inglis G Douglas
Published: September 2011

Background

The development of efficacious alternatives to antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) in livestock production is an urgent issue, but is hampered by a lack of knowledge regarding the mode of action of AGP. The belief that AGP modulate the intestinal microbiota has become prominent in the literature; however, there is a lack of experimental evidence to support this hypothesis. Using a chlortetracycline-murine-Citrobacter rodentium model, the ability of AGP to modulate the intestinal immune system in mammals was investigated.

Results

C. rodentium was transformed with the tetracycline resistance gene, tet O, and continuous oral administration of a non-therapeutic dose of chlortetracycline to mice did not affect densities of C. rodentium CFU in feces throughout the experiment or associated with mucosal surfaces in the colon (i.e. at peak and late infection). However, chlortetracycline regulated transcription levels of Th1 and Th17 inflammatory cytokines in a temporal manner in C. rodentium-inoculated mice, and ameliorated weight loss associated with infection. In mice inoculated with C. rodentium, those that received chlortetracycline had less pathologic changes in the distal colon than mice not administered CTC (i.e. relative to untreated mice). Furthermore, chlortetracycline administration at a non-therapeutic dose did not impart either prominent or consistent effects on the colonic microbiota.

Conclusion

Data support the hypothesis that AGP function by modulating the intestinal immune system in mammals. This finding may facilitate the development of biorationale-based and efficacious alternatives to AGP.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Rapid Versus 24-Hour Rehydration for Children With Acute Gastroenteritis
Authors: Powell Colin V. E. , Priestley Stephen J. , Young Simon , Heine Ralf G.
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVE:

To compare the efficacy of 2 nasogastric rehydration regimens for children with acute viral gastroenteritis.

METHODS:

Children 6 to 72 months of age with acute viral gastroenteritis and moderate dehydration were recruited from emergency departments (EDs) at 2 metropolitan, pediatric, teaching hospitals. After clinical assessment of the degree of dehydration, patients were assigned randomly to receive either standard nasogastric rehydration (SNR) over 24 hours in the hospital ward or rapid nasogastric rehydration (RNR) over 4 hours in the ED. Primary (>2% weight loss, compared with the admission weight) and secondary treatment failures were assessed.

RESULTS:

Of 9331 children with acute gastroenteritis who were screened, 254 children were assigned randomly to receive either RNR (n = 132 [52.0%]) or SNR (n = 122 [48.0%]). Baseline characteristics for the 2 groups were similar. All patients made a full recovery without severe adverse events. The primary failure rates were similar for RNR (11.8% [95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.0%–17.6%]) and SNR (9.2% [95% CI: 3.7%–14.7%]; P = .52). Secondary treatment failure was more common in the SNR group (44% [95% CI: 34.6%–53.4%]) than in the RNR group (30.3% [95% CI: 22.5%–38.8%]; P = .03). Discharge from the ED after RNR failed for 27 patients (22.7%), and another 9 (7.6%) were readmitted to the hospital within 24 hours.

CONCLUSIONS:

Primary treatment failure and clinical outcomes were similar for RNR and SNR. Although RNR generally reduced the need for hospitalization, discharge home from the ED failed for approximately one-fourth of the patients.
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Neonatal Respiratory Depression and Encephalopathy in Rural Sarlahi, Nepal
Authors: Lee Anne CC , Mullany Luke C. , Tielsch James M. , Katz Joanne , Khatry Subarna K. , LeClerq Steven C. , Adhikari Ramesh K. , Darmstadt Gary L.
Published: September 2011

OBJECTIVES:

To characterize the incidence of, risk factors for, and neonatal morbidity and mortality associated with respiratory depression at birth and neonatal encephalopathy (NE) among term infants in a developing country.

METHODS:

Data were collected prospectively in 2002–2006 during a community-based trial that enrolled 23 662 newborns in rural Nepal and evaluated the impact of umbilical-cord and skin cleansing on neonatal morbidity and mortality rates. Respiratory depression at birth and NE were defined on the basis of symptoms from maternal reports and study-worker observations during home visits.

RESULTS:

Respiratory depression at birth was reported for 19.7% of live births, and 79% of cases involved term infants without congenital anomalies. Among newborns with probable intrapartum-related respiratory depression (N = 3465), 112 (3%) died before their first home visit (presumed severe NE), and 178 (5%) eventually developed symptoms of NE. Overall, 629 term infants developed NE (28.1 cases per 1000 live births); 2% of cases were associated with congenital anomalies, 25% with infections, and 28% with a potential intrapartum event. The incidence of intrapartum-related NE was 13.0 cases per 1000 live births; the neonatal case fatality rate was 46%. Infants with NE more frequently experienced birth complications and were male, of multiple gestation, or born to nulliparous mothers.

CONCLUSIONS:

In Sarlahi, the incidence of neonatal respiratory depression and NE, associated neonatal case fatality, and morbidity prevalence are high. Action is required to increase coverage of skilled obstetric/neonatal care in this setting and to evaluate long-term impairments.
Intermediate Uveitis and Alopecia Areata: Is There a Relationship? Report of 3 Pediatric Cases
Authors: Ayuso Viera Kalinina , Pott Jan Willem , de Boer Joke Helena
Published: September 2011

Three previously healthy children, aged 5, 8, and 15 years, with idiopathic intermediate uveitis (IU) and alopecia areata (AA) are described. These are the first 3 cases of which we are aware with this coexistence. The results of extensive diagnostic evaluations were negative in all 3 cases. AA preceded the diagnosis of bilateral IU in 1 child and followed within several months after IU diagnosis in 2 children. The severity of uveitis ranged from mild to sight-threatening, and hair loss ranged from local lesions in 2 cases to total alopecia in 1 case. Pathogenesis of both diseases is discussed. Theoretically, the coexistence of IU and AA might be based on the similarities in their complex pathogenesis. However, more research is needed to evaluate if the coexistence is based on an association between 2 autoimmune disorders or is a coincidence.
Parent-Provider-Community Partnerships: Optimizing Outcomes for Children With Disabilities
Authors: Murphy Nancy A. , Carbone Paul S. ,   the Council on Children With Disabilities
Published: September 2011

This Clinical Report was retired May 2021.

Children with disabilities and their families have multifaceted medical, developmental, educational, and habilitative needs that are best addressed through strong partnerships among parents, providers, and communities. However, traditional health care systems are designed to address acute rather than chronic conditions. Children with disabilities require high-quality medical homes that provide care coordination and transitional care, and their families require social and financial supports. Integrated community systems of care that promote participation of all children are needed. The purpose of this clinical report is to explore the challenges of developing effective community-based systems of care and to offer suggestions to pediatricians and policy-makers regarding the development of partnerships among children with disabilities, their families, and health care and other providers to maximize health and well-being of these children and their families.
Micromechanical Characterization of Multilayered Steel Composites
Authors: Hirashita K. , Matsuda M. , Otsu M. , Takashima K.
Published: September 2011

The mechanical properties and deformation behavior of each constituent layer of multilayered steel composites were examined using microtensile testing. Three-layered integrated steels consisting of SUS420 and SPCC (cold-reduced carbon steel sheets) were fabricated by a cold-rolling process. Different heat treatment processes were used to prepare three types of specimens (as-rolled, 823K-2 min heat-treated, and 823K-500 min heat-treated), and the effect of heat treatment on their mechanical properties was investigated. In the as-rolled specimens, the average tensile strengths in the SUS420 and SPCC layers were 1063 and 606 MPa, respectively, while in the specimens heat-treated for 500 min, they were 680 and 451 MPa, respectively. The tensile strength decreased with the increase in the heat treatment time. The tensile strength of the specimens was also calculated by using the rule of mixture. For the as-rolled specimens and the 823K-2 min heat-treated specimens, the calculated value was consistent with the measured value; however, for the 823K-500 min heat-treated specimens, the calculated value was lower than the measured value. This result suggests that the necking of this layered structure was effectively obstructed by the outer ductile layer. The micromechanical characterization technique used in this study is useful not only for investigating deformation behavior but also for designing multilayered steel composites with superior mechanical properties.
Microstructural Modeling of Failure Modes in Martensitic Steel Alloys
Authors: SHANTHRAJ P. , HATEM T. M. , ZIKRY M.A.
Published: September 2011

A unified physically-based representation of the microstructure in martensitic steels is developed to investigate its effects on the initiation and evolution of failure modes at different physical scales that occur due to a myriad of factors, such as texture, grain size and shape, grain heterogeneous microstructures, and grain boundary (GB) misorientations and distributions. The microstructural formulation is based on a dislocation-density based multiple-slip crystal plasticity model that accounts for variant distributions, orientations, and morphologies. This formulation is coupled to specialized finite-element methods to predict the scale-dependent heterogeneous microstructure, and failure phenomena such as shearstrain localization, and void coalescence.
Ab-initio modeling of Fe-Mn based alloys and nanoclusters
Authors: Entel Peter , Comtesse Denis , Herper Heike C. , Gruner Markus E. , Siewert Mario , Sahoo Sanjubala , Hucht Alfred
Published: September 2011

New methods in steel design and basic understanding of the novel materials require large scale ab initio calculations of ground state and finite temperature properties of transition metal alloys. In this contribution we present ab initio modeling of the structural and magnetic properties of XYZ compounds and alloys where X, Y = Mn, Fe, Co Ni and Z = C, Si with emphasis on the Fe-Mn steels. The optimization of structural and magnetic properties is performed by using different simulation tools. In particular, the finite-temperature magnetic properties are simulated using a Heisenberg model with magnetic exchange interactions from first-principles calculations. Part of the calculations are extended to the nanoparticle range showing how ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic trends influence the nucleation, morphologies and growth of Fe-Mn-based nanoparticles.
On Cargo Security Measures and Trade Costs
Authors: Signoret José E.
Published: September 2011

Can tighter cargo security measures lead to higher trade costs and increased trade frictions? This paper examines the impact of the Container Security Initiative (CSI), implemented by the United States in several foreign ports after the September 11 terrorist attacks. It analyzes monthly data for all containerized U.S. imports from 1999 to 2006, by foreign port and country of origin. The analysis exploits these longitudinal data at the port-level and the varying starting dates across CSI ports to identify the causal effect of the initiative. While higher import charges over time are observed, the results find no significant evidence of a “CSI effect” on either import costs or import flows.
Simultaneous analysis of three catecholamines by a kinetic procedure: comparison of prediction performance of several different multivariate calibrations
Authors: Ni Yongnian , Gu Yao , Kokot Serge
Published: September 2011

A rapid kinetic method for the simultaneous determination of levodopa, dopamine, and dobutamine was examined and developed. It was based on a consecutive reaction of a reduction of Cu(II) to Cu(I) by catecholamines, followed by the complexation of Cu(I) with neocuproine to form a yellow product in an acetic acid-acetate buffer. Spectrophotometric data were recorded at 453 nm (wavelength at the yellow complex absorption maximum) for 300 s. Linear calibrations were obtained in the concentration ranges of (0.08–1.44) × 10−5 mol L−1, (0.08–1.44) × 10−5 mol L−1, and (0.16–1.44) × 10−5 mol L−1 for levodopa, dopamine, and dobutamine, respectively. A variety of multivariate calibration models was developed for simultaneous analysis of the three analytes; while most models produced satisfactory prediction results for synthetic samples, the hybrid linear analysis method was arguably the best-performing (relative prediction error, RPET = 6.6 %). The proposed method was applied to an analysis of spiked rabbit serum samples and the results showed good agreement with the high performance liquid chromatography measurements.
Gaussian mixture models for semantic ranking in domain specific databases with application in radiology
Authors: Barb Adrian
Published: September 2011

With recent advances in imaging techniques, huge quantities of domain-specific images, such as medical or geospatial images, are produced and stored daily in computer-based image repositories. Size of databases and limited time at hand makes manual evaluation and annotation by domain experts difficult. In such cases computer based methods can be used to enrich the process of decision making while eliciting previously unknown information. For example, in the medical domain, query by image methods can be used by medical experts for differential diagnosis by displaying previously evaluated cases that contain similar visual patterns. Also, less experienced practitioners can benefit from query-by-semantic methods in training processes, especially for difficult-to-interpret cases with multiple pathologies. In this article we develop a methodology for ranking medical images using customized mixture models. The regions of interest are determined using Dirichlet process to determine natural groupings of images in a content-based feature space. These natural groupings of images are then evaluated for relevance to mixtures of associative semantic mappings. We evaluate and compare the performance of our method on two medical datasets using mean average precision and precision-recall charts.
Jane Austen as Editor: Letters on Fiction and the Cancelled Chapters of Persuasion
Authors: Gemmill Katie
Published: September 2011

Persuasion is the only one of Jane Austen's published novels for which there is extant manuscript material: the first draft of the final two chapters. Within fewer than three weeks of writing these chapters, Austen partially cancelled and partially revised them in order to produce the final three chapters of the published version. Persuasion is thus singular in her oeuvre, providing the only opportunity to see precisely how she edited a draft to turn it into a publishable piece of fiction. In this article, I perform a comparative reading of the cancelled and published chapters of Persuasion, observing how Austen's novelistic principles shaped her editorial practices. Her dissatisfaction with the original chapters correlates directly to her theory of novel-writing, as articulated in her five letters on fiction of 1814 to her niece Anna Lefroy. Austen cancelled and revised the end of Persuasion with the clearest of intentions: to produce a novel that better satisfied her stringent standards for novelistic form.
The ‘Restored’ Shīʿīmuṣḥafas Divine Guide? The Practice offāl-i Qurʾānin the Ṣafavid Period
Authors: Gruber Christiane
Published: September 2011

This study argues that the exponential growth of divinatory texts variously attributed to ʿAlī and Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq included at the end of Qur'ans produced during the Ṣafavid period provides further evidence for the widespread interest in divination during the tenth/sixteenth and eleventh/seventeenth centuries in Iran. Treatises on ‘divination by the Qur'an’ (fāl-i Qurʾān) indicate that it was considered permissible to seek guidance by means of holy scripture at this time. On a more symbolic level, fāl-i Qurʾāns can be understood as a kind of restoration of the ‘defective’ ʿUthmānic codex by re-Shīʿifying it – if not by reinserting supposedly dropped verses on the ahl al-bayt, then at the very least by adding terminal divinations attributed to the figureheads of Shīʿī Islam. This particular practice therefore follows general ‘Shīʿification’ trends found in a number of cultural and artistic practices of the Ṣafavid period, which also are potentially discernible within the domain of Qur'an production.
Theoretical Foundations for Social Trends in Contemporary tafsīr
Authors: ʿAlī Ayyāzī Muḥammad , Qāḍī Zādeh Kāẓim , Ḥusaynī Mīr-Ṣafī Fāṭima
Published: September 2011

Interest in social aspects of exegesis is one of the most important and influential trends in contemporary tafsīr. Its importance might be gleaned from the unexpected impact that it has had on the approach of modern exegetes to the Qur'an, and can be seen in the amount of attention given to social, rather than ‘individual’ and eschatological trends in their works. These exegetes aim to find solutions for both the material and ideal problems of society via their tafsīr, seeking to elucidate the Qur'anic text and provide answers to the questions and enquiries raised by readers.

Although there has been some attention paid by modern exegetes to this trend in tafsīr, its basic theoretical principles have not been outlined in a comprehensive manner. This article therefore attempts to study the theoretical and practical basis of this trend, alongside providing a review of contemporary social tafasīr.
A New 2-DOF Fast Tool Servo for Diamond Turning of Freeform Optical Surface
Authors: Wang Ya Ming , Wang Yi Qiang , Zhou Xiao Qin , Hao Ai Yun
Published: September 2011

This paper discusses the design of a new type fast tool servo (FTS) for precision diamond turning. The FTS has two degrees. One of them is transversal along the Z axis of lathe and the other is rotation around the Y axis. Both of the two movements are driven by electromagnetic force. The moving assembly is designed to be parallel structure for guarantying both of the two movements has similar response frequency and maximum stroke. The output force of normal electromagnetic force generated by magnetic flux bias motor has been calculated. The design of transmission mechanism has been presented. The result of acceleration calculation shows that the FTS achieves acceleration up to about 650G in both directions of movement.
The Stress and Strain Analysis of Cross Wedge Rolling of Asymmetric Shaft Parts
Authors: Peng Wen Fei , Gong Wen Wei , Zhang Kang Sheng
Published: September 2011

Cross wedge rolling of asymmetric shaft parts has a series of problems such as the difficulty of forming, and the rules of mental flow are not clear until now. Rigid plastic FE models of the asymmetric rolling and symmetric rolling were adopted to analyze the difference of the stress and strain fields of cross section and vertical section in the two rolling processes, which illuminated the rules of the stress and strain fields in the asymmetric rolling process. The research of the stress and strain fields in asymmetric rolling has positive significance for recognizing the forming characteristics and predicting deformation defects in asymmetric rolling process.
Wear Analysis for Non-Smooth Surface HSS Cutting Tools
Authors: Dong Liang , Yu Ai Bing , Wang Hao , Wu Lei
Published: September 2011

In order to improve cutting tool wear resistance, non-smooth surface was applied on HSS cutting tool and finite element method was used to analyze the wear of non-smooth surface HSS cutting tools. The orthogonal simulation test was established to analyze the influence of parameters on tool wear and the relationship between parameters and tool wear was discussed. Simulation results show that non-smooth surface could significantly improve the wear resistance of cutting tool. The line space has the most influence on cutting tool wear. The ranking of parameter influence on tool wear are line spacing, pit diameter and column spacing. And the lower tool wear usually occurs at points of pit line space which is three times as pit diameter.
Research on Key Technologies of Robotic Assembly
Authors: Lou Ying Hou , Hua Shun Ming
Published: September 2011

Assembly is an important manufacturing process, and automatic assembly is an inevitable trend in the development of assembly technology, where robotic assembly is the major form of automatic assembly. This paper aims at key links of robotic assembly, such as parts feeding, gripping, inserting and jointing etc, analyzing the exiting problems, and proposing the specific solutions. Human-robot cooperative assembly was also discussed.
Parameterized Drafting System for Main Parts of Centrifugal Fan
Authors: Gui Yan , Pan Di Lin , Zhang Li Xiang
Published: September 2011

The parameterized drafting technology an database, which is used in diagram drafting of centrifugal fan, is introduced in this paper. The parameterized drafting system for main parts of centrifugal fan is developed by VBA under the circumstances of AutoCAD 2000. The paper introduced the realizing process of drafting principle and system function in detail.
Condition Identification of Bolted Joints Based on Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Yan Hang Rui , Zeng Guo Ying , Zhao Deng Feng , Tian Mei Zi
Published: September 2011

In this paper, discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is used to analyze the acceleration signals near to the loose bolt, in order to study the characteristics of bolted joint condition. Firstly, an experimental system is built based on the NI data acquisition equipment. Secondly, based on qualitative analysis of the loose process of the bolted joints and spectrum analysis of response signals, an appropriate wavelet function is chosen and decomposed levels are determined. Lastly, according to the amplitude of each level, the contour diagrams are drawn and the Root Mean Square (RMS) of detailed coefficients at the sensitive level is calculated. Experimental result shows that both DWT contour diagrams and RMS at sensitive level have significant difference when preload changes.
Influence on Coupling Vibration of Rotor System with Grouped Blades due to Mistuned Lacing Wire
Authors: Chiu Yi Jui , Chen Dar Zen , Yang Chia Hao
Published: September 2011

The influence on coupling vibrations among shaft-torsion and blade-bending coupling vibrations of a rotor system with grouped blades was investigated analytically. The natural frequencies and the mode shapes of the system were solved with five- and six-blade cases used as examples. First, numerical results showed how the natural frequencies varied with the wire stiffness and the lacing wire mistuned. The diagrams of the coupling mode shapes were drawn. From the results, it was found that lacing wire did not affect the SB (shaft-blades) coupling modes, but the BB (inter-blades) modes were indeed affected by the lacing wire. At wire stiffness k*=10, the repeated BB modes split into more distinct modes. The BB modes were of (N-1) / 2 and N / 2 multiplicity for odd and even numbered blades. When the system has a mistuned lacing wire, it splits the BB modes and will once more have (N-1) frequencies. In the rotation effect, whatever tuned or mistuned, the lacing wires did not affect the instability. That means the instability preexisted due to rotation and was not induced by lacing wires.
Meshless Method for a Kind of Three-Dimensional Hyperbolic Equation
Authors: Cheng Rong Jun , Ge Hong Xia
Published: September 2011

The paper deals with a numerical modeling of a three-dimensional linear hyperbolic problem. The modeling is carried out using the meshless element free Galerkin (EFG) method. In the mathematical formulation, the variational method is employed to derive the discrete equations and the essential boundary conditions are enforced by the penalty method. The effectiveness of EFG for three-dimensional hyperbolic problems is investigated by numerical example in this paper.
Design of MRF-Damper-Based Experimental System for Steer-by-Wire Force Feedback Study
Authors: Huang Chao Bing , Zheng Di , Yu Zai He , Hu Li Yong
Published: September 2011

In order to meet the requirements of research on steer-by-wire force feedback, a MRF- damper-based experimental system was developed. In the paper, the necessity of the experimental system was analyzed, the general structure and hardware components were introduced. The design of the rotary MRF dampers was illuminated in detail. Experiments showed that the MRF-damper-based haptic system can be used for the study of automobile steer-by-wire system.
Modified SPR Technique for 3D Tensor-Product Block Finite Elements: A Computer-Based Test
Authors: Liu Jing Hong , Yin De Cheng
Published: September 2011

In this paper, the Poisson problem with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions on the bounded open domain is considered and the superconvergence property of 3D tensor-product block finite elements is analyzed by using a computer-based test.
The Design and Simulation Analysis to the Cap and Pin Type Porcelain Insulators’ Automatic Glue-Fitting Machine
Authors: Song Bai Hong , He Fu Qiang , Guan Qi Ming , Tian Feng Guo
Published: September 2011

It has designed a set of equipment which could automatically assemble porcelain insulator. And taking UG NX software as a tool, it has done a motion simulation to the whole perfect binding process, at the same time, it also has done advanced simulations and optimum designs to some important parts. Finally, this equipment could overcome the vibrator’s negative impact, and the coaxial tolerance between steel foot, porcelain and iron cap can be guaranteed less thanΦ1.4mm while the porosity adhesives can be guaranteed no more than 3%, and the fitting efficiency could up to 60 pieces an hour.
The Application of the Culture of the Han Dynasty to the City LED Street Light Modelling Design
Authors: Liu Sheng Yin
Published: September 2011

This article unfolds the exploration of the city LED street light modelling design based on the study on the cultural elements of the Han dynasty. Applies the extracted cultural elements, as well as the symbol and the structure characteristics of the lights of the Han dynasty to the city LED street light modelling design and discusses the theory and the practical designs in way of studying the cases. The article also concludes the new methods to design the city LED street light modelling based on the culture.
Parameters Optimization of PH Supercharging Press of Micropart Forming
Authors: Du Ji Tao
Published: September 2011

Aiming to the problems of the mechanical press, the Pneumatic-hydraulic supercharging press of microparts forming was designed, with help of FEA software CosmosWorks, the frame structure of PH was simulated and calculated. Different parameters influencing minimum distance and maximum stress were taken into account and the optimal structure parameter was obtained by orthogonal design. The results of FEA and sample press show that the frame structure could satisfy the requirement of micropart forming.
The Design of Automotive Welding for a Quick Adjustment of Reconfigurable Fixture Bearing
Authors: Yang Da Yi , Wang Li Tao , Wang Hua , Liu Xi Min , Yang Bai Xin
Published: September 2011

The reconfiguration and the capacity of rapid adjustment of automotive welding fixture are the main obstacle to the development cycle and the modified automotive products. A set of reconfigurable fixture has been designed tentatively for a series of car product development. It is consisted of the fixture plate with holes in base stations, the three-dimensional adjustment of bearings and the standard fixtures, which show the character of a quick installation location, easy to adjust, shorten the development cycle and so on.
Design Analysis of Water Hydraulic Digital Valve
Authors: Zhang Zeng Meng , Gong Yong Jun
Published: September 2011

Lubrication and sealing are the key research points in water hydraulic technology. A better seal is provided by the structure form of the poppet valve comparing to the spool valve, however, poorer linearity and control accuracy accompanies inevitably. Aiming at improving the control performance of poppet valves, the design of the water hydraulic digital valve is analyzed in this paper. A high speed digital valve is designed and controlled by PWM (Pulse-Width Modulation) and actuated by a piezoelectric ceramic stack with high frequency response and control stiffness. Another new design using poppet valves for digital bits is proposed to ensure enough seal ability and lower the cost of the valve, namely the multi-digit on-off valve. The simulation models of these two types of valves are built and the results show the different performances between the valves. The high speed digital valve is provided with high control accuracy and responsiveness. In contrast, large overshoot and oscillation are encountered during switching on the digits of the multi-digit on-off valve. Especially the switching process of the high digital bits requires to be regulated to reduce the large overshoot. The above analysis contributes to the improvement of lubrication and sealing in water hydraulic control valves and applications of water hydraulics in the industry.
Piezoelectric Rotary Mechanism for Precise Positioning
Authors: Hua Shun Ming , Wang Xiao Jun , Wang Yi Qiang , Zeng Ping
Published: September 2011

A new piezoelectric rotary mechanism for precise positioning was proposed. It was designed in asymmetrically configuration of two sets of cantilever bimorphs with end-mass. And the frictional force between the revolving shaft and axle housing can be adjusted within potential range. The rotary actuator can run silently and smoothly on sine wave electric voltage. The dynamic characteristics have been tested on assembled prototype. The rotary actuator is desired to used in micromachining or micro-assembly etc.
A Study on Spiral Groove Grinding with Dish Wheel
Authors: Lu Yan Ming
Published: September 2011

As to spiral groove grinding, a formed wheel was needed to be designed and manufactured conventionally based on envelope theory, and then this wheel was used to grind the specified spiral groove. This paper tried to find the other way to manufacture the specified spiral groove with common dish wheels. A generic model for groove grinding is presented in this paper, the groove geometries can be calculated under certain grinding parameters. The relations between the grinding parameter and groove geometries were studied numerically. To manufacture the specified spiral groove with common dish wheels and no special wheel is needed to be designed. This method offers a new way for the spiral groove grinding. This technology also makes the spiral groove virtual machining possible. The technology is also a real DFM (Design For Manufacture), because the design process for spiral groove is the process for selecting manufacture parameters.
Hot Compression Simulation of Ti3Al Alloy Based on DEFORM-3D
Authors: Fan Jun
Published: September 2011

The filling capability of forging die is important to design forging die and it exerts a decisive influence to the quality and life of die. Due to the deficiency of the filling capability, and taking Ti3Al alloy as the research object, at the same height of reducing, work-piece dimensions as the control objective, the finite element numerical simulation method was used to simulate the hot compression of Ti3Al alloy with DEFORM-3D. This test simulated the process of hot compression, analyzed the hot deforming behavior of the stuff and discussed the effect of work-piece dimension on the variety and distribution of stress and strain.
Simulation of Chain Drive Based on MSC. Visual Nastran 4D
Authors: Wang Li Da
Published: September 2011

In the distance learning of the courses of Machine Parts and Design, the hypothesized experiment through internet is a kind of the significance teaching method. At present, multimedia, network technologies are extremely mature. Using the internet technology to realize the course learning can help the students to master the principle of chain drive easily. The key problem to realize the hypothesized experiment on the net is how to carry on the simulation of machine parts or components using the computer software. The realization method of the hypothesized simulation of chain drive is introduced in this paper based on MSC. Visual Nastran 4D software.
A Meshless Method for the Numerical Solution of the Generalized Burgers Equation
Authors: Sun Feng Xin , Wang Ju Feng
Published: September 2011

Based on the MLS approximation, a meshless method for the numerical solution of the generalized Burger’s equation is presented in this paper. The nonlinear discrete scheme of the generalized equation is obtained, and is solved with the method of iteration. Compared with numerical methods based on mesh, the meshless method needs only the scattered nodes instead of meshing the domain of the problem. An example is given to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed method. The numerical results agree well with the exact solutions.
Mechanism Design and Kinematics Simulation of Massage Mechanical Arm
Authors: Xie Jun , Zhang Jun , Li Jie
Published: September 2011

Based on the characteristics and the common massage manipulations of Chinese medical massage, a practical series mechanical arm was presented to act the manipulations with the parallel executive mechanism. Forward kinematics was solved by the Denavit-Hartenberg transformation after the kinematics model of the arm was established. And the three-dimensional model of the arm was created by Pro/E and was imported into ADAMS for the kinematics analysis. The results indicated that the common massage manipulations could be simulated by the arm correctly and flexibly, and it verified the accuracy of the mechanism design of the arm.
The Optimal Algorithm of a Two-Stage Flow Shop Problem with Infinite Number of Jobs
Authors: Wei Qi , Wu Yong
Published: September 2011

In this paper, a two-machine two-stage flow shop with identical jobs is considered. Each of identical jobs has two tasks. The first task can be processed on either machine, called flexible task, while the second task must be processed on the second machine and can't be processed unless the first task has been processed. The problem is to determine the assignment of the flexible tasks to the machines for each job, with the objective of maximizing the throughput rate. This model is applied to the graphic programs processing which comprises data processing and graphics processing. We consider three cases regarding the capacity of the buffer between the machines with infinite number of jobs. We present optimal algorithm for each variant of the problem.
Element-Free Galerkin (EFG) Method for Time Fractional Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Liu Yong Qing , Cheng Rong Jun , Ge Hong Xia
Published: September 2011

In this paper, the first order time derivative of time fractional partial differential equations are replaced by the Caputo fractional order derivative. We derive the numerical solution of this equation using the Element-free Galerkin (EFG) method. In order to obtain the discrete equation, a various method is used and the essential boundary conditions are enforced by the penalty method. Numerical examples are presented and the results are in good agreement with exact solutions.
Study on the Performance of Distribution Grid System in Different Neutral Grounded Modes
Authors: Yu Lan , Wu Qing Hai , Bian Hai Yun
Published: September 2011

In order to reduce grounded current and restrain arc-grounded over voltage during single-phase grounded faults in transmission line and realize fault-line selection, the neutral grounded mode with Peterson coil in parallel with big reactor is proposed in the paper. The simulation and comparative analysis of the performance of the 10 kV distribution grid systems in different neutral grounded modes have been done. The simulation results have shown that the neutral grounded mode via Peterson coil in parallel connection with big resistances can restrain the fault current effectively and it is the best mode.
Study on Simulation of Fuel Economy of Hybrid Electric Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Peng Fei , Yang Sui Xian , Peng Qiao
Published: September 2011

Fuel economy is one of the important factors for hybrid electronic vehicle (HEV), which would has great impact on fabrication and sale of HEV. A HEV should be designed to achieve best power performance and high fuel economy. In this paper, the fuel economy of HEVs, both parallel and serial, have been investigated by simulation approach. INSIGHT which is produced by HONDA Corporation has been employed as an example of parallel HEV (PHEV). The power parameters of serial HEV (SHEV) have been set according to references. After that, the simulation models for both PHEV and SHEV have been established. Three kinds of work conditions including UDDS, HWFET and ECE-EUDC have been simulated with software ADVISOR 2002. The conclusions have been reached by analyzing the simulation results, which indicate that PHEV has difference fuel economy performance from SHEV. PHEV is suitable for working at high speed condition, whereas SHEV is satisfactory to low speed and frequently startup case, for example, running in downtown.
Analysis of Axial Deformation of Cross Wedge Rolling Asymmetric Shaft Part Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Shu Xue Dao , Chen Le Ping , Wei Xin Hong
Published: September 2011

Aimed at preventing the problems of axial movement, step blemish and rolling overlap piece of skins which make from the imbalance of axial and tangential force because of asymmetry of parts in size and shape, the paper adopted finite element method (FEM) to simulate CWR technique of typical asymmetric shaft part, and analysis systematically axial force and axial displacement. Then we can judge axial offset by axial displacement of central point of billet. The results of the study indicate that FEM can manifest the axial deformation of asymmetric shaft parts in CWR, which provides theoretical foundation for the promotion of CWR technology in the application of asymmetric shaft parts manufacture.
Simulation Analysis of Upper Mould Base for High Speed Punch
Authors: Song Rui Yin , Zhang Mei Qin , Tang Chen , Li Lei
Published: September 2011

Based on two kinds of upper mould bases real structures of high speed punch, the structure was simplified and simulation models were built in next step. According to working condition of actual temperature changes and moving characteristics for the high speed punch, the thermal boundary conditions, the thermal- stress coupling conditions and mechanical constraint conditions of the simulation model were set up, and the deformation for the guiding hole of upper mould base were got through simulation analysis. Through the comparison of the two simulation results, it illustrated that the improved upper mould base is more suitable for high speed punch with high punch frequency condition.
Optimum Design of Rolling Schedule for Tandem Cold Mill Using SLPSO
Authors: Liu Shu Jian , Wu Bo Cheng
Published: September 2011

This paper proposes a new method to optimize cold strip rolling schedule by means of self-adaptive learning based particle swarm optimization (SLPSO). Multiple strategies may be adopted based on their previous behaviors in the searching. This particle swarm optimization version is robust and effective in solving complex problems. Function of power cost was constructed to heuristically direct the SLPSO searching, based on the consideration of power distribution, speed and rolling constraints. The results of simulation demonstrate that SLPSO is more efficient in calculating than others, and provides a new valid method for the intelligent optimum design of scheduling tandem cold strip mill.
Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Shahe Prestressed U-Shaped Thin Shell Beam-Supported Aqueduct
Authors: Ma Wen Liang , Bai Xin Li
Published: September 2011

The force characteristic of Shahe prestressed U-shaped thin shell beam-supported aqueduct in operational process and stress or displacement distribution effects under variety load were studied. This paper adopts universal finite element calculation software to Shahe prestress U-shaped thin shell beam-supported rectangular carry out 3-D finite element analysis. Considering eight combination operating condition of the aqueduct in operational process, the stress and displacement rules of aqueduct structure is presented, and stress and displacement variation curve of aqueduct’s calculated path under various operating condition is drawn. Research results show that pedestrian load and wind load have less effect for stress and displacement of aqueduct, but water load has great effect for mechanical behavior of aqueduct, this also fully explain that water load has huge effect for aqueduct. The analysis result supply certain reference for design and construction of prestress U-shaped thin shell beam-supported rectangular.
Calculation and Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Continuous Box-Girder Overpass
Authors: Ji Dong Yu
Published: September 2011

Reinforced concrete continuous box-girder overpass is a common structure form, Wangzhuang overpass is example, this paper adopts universal finite element calculation software to carry out finite element simulation analysis for reinforced concrete continuous box-girder overpass. Considering the influence of overpass structure weight and driveway load, the distribution law of overpass stress and displacement were researched. Analysis results show that, load’s short-term effect combination has great influence on overpass structure, driveway slanting load’s influence on overpass structure’s stress and deformation can not be ignored.
A Meshless Method Based on the Improved Interpolating Moving Least-Squares Method for the Regularized Long Wave Equation
Authors: Wang Ju Feng , Sun Feng Xin
Published: September 2011

This paper presents an improved interpolating moving least-squares (IIMLS) method, in which orthogonal functions system is used as the basis functions. In the IIMLS method, the final algebra equation system is not ill-conditioned, and can be solved without obtaining the inverse matrix. Hence, the computing speed and efficiency are improved. Then based on the IIMLS method, a meshless method is presented for the numerical solution of the regularized long wave (RLW) equation, which can be used to describe phenomena with weak nonlinearity and dispersion waves. And a numerical example is given to confirm the IMLS method.
An Improved Element-Free Galerkin Method for a Kind of KdV Equations
Authors: Sun Feng Xin , Wang Ju Feng
Published: September 2011

An improved element-free Galerkin method is presented for the numerical solution of the third-order nonlinear KdV equation by coupling the interpolating moving least-squares (IMLS) method with the Galerkin method. The shape function of the IMLS method satisfies the property of Kronecker Delta function, and then the essential boundary condition can be applied directly and easily without any additional numerical effort. A variational method is used to obtain the discrete equations. A numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method presented in this paper for KdV equation.
Numerical Simulation and Optimization of Processing Parameters for Fine-Blanking of FPG
Authors: Chen Qi Jun , Gan Yi , Du Ji Tao
Published: September 2011

In order to find out the influence trend and the impact factor of different process parameters for die-roll of gear shape and smooth-shear surface, the forming process to characteristics of FPG fine-blanking that based on fine-blanking theory was simulated by using Deform-3D. The best scheme suitable for FPG fine-blanking was obtained, which was also validated by the simulation test. The results showed that the processes were feasible and thus provided the basis to improve the die life and the forming quality for fine-blanking of FPG.
Non-Linear Finite Element Analysis on Thrust Cylinder of Shield Machine
Authors: Wang Wei , Huang Hua Gui , Zhao Jing Yi
Published: September 2011

The thrust cylinder is one of the most important components in thrust system of the shield machine. The enormous thrust force and radial load makes the cylinder work under bad environment. In this paper, it uses nonlinear finite element method to simulate the thrust cylinder structure of a type shield machine. From the simulation results, the contact stress distribution of the oil cylinder guide sleeve and the deformation of the piston rod are discussed, and then the way to reduce the stress concentration is proposed. It provides the theory basis for the design and check of the thrust cylinder.
Texture Segmentation of Jacquard Fabric Image Based on Multiresolution Markov Random Field
Authors: Tong You Cheng , Zhang Yang , Yao Jun Zhou
Published: September 2011

In order to develop an automated segmentation system for jacquard fabric images, a new approach based on MRMRF algorithm with variable weighing parameter is proposed in this paper. Firstly the variable weighting parameter different to the one in traditional MRMRF is described, which can provide a more accurate vector. The next step is MAP estimation and the model for texture segmentation. During this iterative process the initial value is big enough to learn more accurate parameters of feature energy. With the iterative number going on, the value will decrease and stop decreasing when the iterative number comes to some degree. Lastly the experiment results show that the new approach works better than the traditional method with constant weighing parameter.
Optimization of Process Parameters for Warpage Minimization on Injection Molding Thin-Walled Parts
Authors: Sun Bao Shou , Deng Yi Min , Gu Bo Qin , Huang Xiao Diao
Published: September 2011

In this paper, Taguchi experimental design method is applied, and injection molding CAE simulation analysis is conducted. Influence factors of warpage of products are analyzed. According to the results of ranking, influence factors of warpag are the packing pressure, packing time, melt temperature and mold temperature. The packing pressure is the most important influence factor. To get the best level combination of various factors, mixed level orthogonal experimental design is applied to the optimization. Optimal levels of combination process parameters are obtained and the quality of injection products is greatly improved.