bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Collaborative Manufacturing Unit Selection Using a Sorting Adaptive Genetic Algorithm in Networked Environment
Authors: Cheng Fang Qi , Ye Fei Fan
Published: August 2015

In order to solve the collaborative manufacturing unit (CMU) selection problem in the networked cooperative manufacturing environment, a sorting adaptive genetic algorithm is proposed. To obtain the optimal executive manufacturing process, the objective function is constructed considering manufacturing cost and product load rate of candidate CMUs under time-sequence constraint. The embedded subtask scheduling procedure in sorting adaptive genetic algorithm is used to ascertain the penalty cost for the tardiness of the task. Finally, a case study is implemented to verify the feasibility of the proposed approach. The results show that the proposed model and algorithm can obtain satisfactory solutions.
Study on Three-Level Matching Model of Product Configuration Oriented to Mass Customization
Authors: Ge Jiang Hua , Xu Yong Lin , Huang Yong Tao , Gao Guo An
Published: August 2015

This paper proposed configuration three-level matching model based on modular product structure in order to solve the product configuration design problem in mass customization (MC). According to the product structure and the features of configuration design, the model divided the configuration course into three parts as first-level complete matching, second-level similarity matching and third-level correlation matching. Firstly obtained standard module that meets clients’ demands by retrieval algorithm of first-level complete matching and similar module of the customized by mathematical model of second-level similarity matching. Then based on them, analyzed the correlation matrix among modules and associated attributes of modules interface, and established the mathematical model of third-level correlation matching and realized the optimum combination of modules. Finally, verified the model by examples. The results indicate that this model could effectively solve the low-efficiency problem of deformation module recombination design in traditional product configuration so to rapidly respond to clients’ customization demands.
A Petri Net and Genetic Algorithm Based Method for Flexible Manufacturing Cells Modeling and Scheduling
Authors: Qiao Li Hong , Zhu Yi Xin , Yang Jian Jun , Li Yang
Published: August 2015

The production organized in flexible manufacturing cells (FMC) can be a complicated issue when they are constrained by machines, robots, equipment and some other resources. Since machines and robots are the main bottleneck to the efficiency of FMC, this paper focused on the modeling and scheduling problem constrained by machines and robots. A common model representation, colored timed Petri net (CTPN) was utilized to build a FMC model constrained by robots and machines, which was then transformed to the simulation model. The scheduling problem was studied to establish a mathematical model of the FMC constrained by machines and robots. According to the model, a genetic algorithm was proposed to search an optimal solution by using an indirect coding of scheme. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was validated via an instance and the comparison with the result from the solution of simulated annealing algorithm.
A Strategy of Toolpath Generation for Finish Machining of Mold Cavity Based on Tool-Zmap Model
Authors: Cai Yu Jun , Duan Chun Zheng , Sun Li Jie
Published: August 2015

A strategy of toolpath generation based on Tool-Zmap geometric model has been proposed to achieve efficient finish machining of mold cavity. Considering cutting tool wear, the finish machining of mold cavity was performed using variable cutting tools of different diameter. Each cutting tool only cuts the corresponding area to avoid identifying machining characteristic and poor rigidity of cutting tool during high speed machining. Finally, the validity of presented strategy was experimentally affirmed by a machining example.
Research on NC Manufacturing Technique of Double Conical Screw
Authors: Wang Ke , Sun Xing Wei , Chen Xin
Published: August 2015

Conical screw rotor is the key part of conical double-screw extruder, with complex geometrical features, such as variable outside and inside diameter, unequal groove depth, varied head and lead. The manufacturing process is complicated and difficult. The precision and efficiency of conventional machining method is lower, the mating character of machined screw rotor is bad and the exchangeability is hard. On the basis of studying the geometric character and contacting process of double conical screw, this paper presents a new NC manufacturing method to envelope milling screw rotor with several axes moving combined. The automatic programming system for screw rotor NC machining is developed. This research increases the machining level of conical double screw. It has conspicuous engineering meaning.
A New Method for Profiling Gear Plunge Shaving Cutter on Gear Shaving Machine
Authors: Yu Tao , Wang Su Yu , Chen Xiu Long , Fan Yun Xiao
Published: August 2015

The gear plunge shaving process is a widely used process for soft finishing of gears in the gear manufacturing industry. But it is difficult and expensive to profile plunge shaving cutter, because the cutter must be ground by a cone grinding wheel on a special grinder. A new method, profiling gear shaving cutter on the shaving machine, i.e. a CBN dressing gear which has the same parameters with the machined gear is clamped in place of the workpiece on the shaving machine and profiling the cutter in shaving process, is put forward. Meshing and Tooth contact analysis of shaving cutter profiling has been considered. Meshing equation of profiling process and equation of shaving cutter gear blank after profiling are obtained. Experiment testified that it is an applied method and has many advantages.
Research about Web Services Based Integration of Manufacturing Process Information
Authors: Qiao Dong Ping , Yang Jian Jun
Published: August 2015

Aimed at the complexities about information integration of manufacturing process, the architecture ,method and technique that are used to realize information integration of manufacturing process for aviation manufacturing enterprise are studied，and the example of applying web services to integrate ERP and MES in an aviation manufacturing enterprise is introduced，the result of the application shows that manufacturing process can be integrated effectively using web services. Finally, the future work about the research is introduced.
Five-Axis Flank Milling of Sculptured Surface with Barrel Cutters
Authors: Wang Dan , Chen Wu Yi , Li Tian , Xu Ru Feng
Published: August 2015

A flank milling tool positioning method using a barrel cutter is proposed. An offset point is used as the first anchor point. Two rotary angles of the barrel cutter are adjusted to find the optimized tool position with the largest machining strip width. The result tool position calculated using the proposed method is gouge-free because the local interference avoidance method is integrated inside the tool positioning procedure. Error distribution beneath the barrel cutter is well estimated by virtual of the instant envelope curve of the cutter. The envelope curve is discretized into points. The distances between these points and the model surface are the machining errors beneath the cutter. The employment of the envelope curve also largely reduces the computational load of the algorithm. Finally, numerical implementation and simulation are performed to validate the feasibility of the method.
Influence of Antirusting Aggent on the Cobalt Leaching of the Cemented Carbide Tool
Authors: Jia Xiao Ming , Wang Fei
Published: August 2015

The cutting fluid is widely used in cutting process with the cemented carbide tool. This paper studied the influence of some antirusting aggents, such as triethanolamine, tri-sodium phosphate, benzotriazole, sodium carbonate anhydrous, on the cobalt leaching of the cemented carbide tool by soaking test. The test results showed that a cobalt on cememted carbide surface and triethanolamine can produce complex compound into solution that made the cobalt leaching. The cobalt of the cemented carbide with the ion of the tri-Sodium phosphate in a water solution can form the loose deposition which leaded to the cobalt leaching.The benzotriazole and the cobalt can generate complex compound film covering on cemented carbide to effective inhibits the cobalt leaching. The inhibitive effect about the cobalt leaching of the sodium carbonate anhydrous is carried out through cathode reaction. The cobalt leaching of cemented carbide tool is effective inhibited by adding the benzotriazole and the carbonate anhydrous in the water-based cutting fluid.
The Assist Effect of Nitrogen Atmosphere on MQL Cutting Performance
Authors: Shizuka Hiroo , Sakai Katsuhiko , Suzuki Yasuo
Published: August 2015

This paper investigates the effects of using nitrogen gas on Mist cutting. In this study we tried to improve the cooling effect of mist on cutting by using N2 gas to assist cooling. As a result, tool breakage was prevented when using carbide tools and a large reduction in tool wear was confirmed when using cermet tools. Our conclusion is that N2 gas assisted mist cutting reduces oxidation wear, which means that the cutting characteristics are better than in conventional mist cutting.
Deformation in Mono-Crystalline Silicon Caused by High Speed Single-Point Micro-Cutting
Authors: Biddut A.Q. , Yan Ji Wang , Zhang Liang Chi , Ohta Tsutomu , Kuriyagawa Tsunemoto , Shaun B.
Published: August 2015

This paper investigates the deformation in monocrystalline silicon subjected to single-point cutting with the cutting speed up to 46.78 m/s, the depth of cut of 2 μm, and the feed rate of 5 and 30 μm/rev. Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the subsurface damages. It was found that the increase of either the feed rate or cutting speed increases the thickness of amorphous layer and penetration depth of dislocations. At the feed rate of 30 μm/rev and cutting speed of 12.48 m/s, a new dislocation system was initiated. An unknown peak was detected by Raman spectroscopy, which may indicate an unknown Si phase.
Study on Ultra Precision Polishing of Single Crystal Diamond Substrates under Ultraviolet Irradiation
Authors: Anan Satoru , Touge Mutsumi , Kubota Akihisa , Watanabe Junji
Published: August 2015

The ultraviolet irradiation-assisted ultra precision polishing was performed on single crystal diamond substrates. This polishing method has been newly developed in our laboratory. The change of polishing performances was investigated by the presence of the UV irradiation. The polished surfaces were evaluated by the observation with WYKO. The experimental results are as follows; Surface roughness of diamond substrates polished under UV irradiation has become clearly smoother than that without UV irradiation. The surface roughness by this polishing method was reached to be 0.19 nm Ra on (100) surface of single crystal diamond. The equivalent surface was obtained on (110) surface by the UV-polishing.
Research on Fabricating CVD Diamond Microstructures Using RIE Process
Authors: Chou Wen Chen , Chao Choung Lii , Fan Wei Haw , Ma Kung Jeng
Published: August 2015

Diamond is one of the most important engineering materials for its extreme hardness, high thermal conductivity value and chemical inertness. Due to its high hardness and strength, it can be ideal candidates for AFM probe or micro-needle. In this research, micro cone-like shaped diamond tips with high aspect ratio formed using reactive ion etching (RIE) method. The scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and micro-Raman spectroscopy were used to study the surface morphology and sub-surface micro-structure before and after RIE process. The results showed that gold could be adopted as mask material during the RIE process. Different microstructures could be obtained using different RIE parameters such as etch duration and reactant gas. After RIE (O2 50sccm, 200W) for 5min the micro cone-like structures (aspect ratio~8) could be observed on the surface if a thin layer of gold was applied as mask. However, under the same RIE conditions, the irregular pillar-like microstructures started to emerge if the etching time was stretched longer.
Quantitative Study of Shear Localization in Chip Formation while Machining Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Liu Dong , Chen Wu Yi , Xu Hong Hai , Luo Xue Ke , Liang Hui
Published: August 2015

The formation of shear localized chips in orthogonal machining of Ti-6Al-4V was investigated. The chips in different cutting velocities were collected and the structure of the adiabatic shear localization was examined by optical microscope and SEM after polishing and eroding. The serrated coefficient, serrated frequency and fibred coefficient were proposed in this paper to characterize the degree of serration and plastic shear flow of the chip quantitatively. Experimental results show that the width of the shear band decreased and the fibred coefficient of the shear band increased as cutting speed increased. The serrated and frequency, the serrated coefficient increased with the increase of cutting speed in the experimental range of cutting speeds.
Cutting Mechanism of Sulfrized Free-Machining Steel
Authors: Fujiwara Junsuke , Kawazoe Tsubasa , Matsui Naoki
Published: August 2015

Leaded free-machining steel is used in production industry. However the use of the leaded free-machining steel is limited from an environmental problem. So sulfurized free-machining steel, not include lead, has been researched widely. In order to improve the machining performance of the sulfurized free-machining steel, it is necessary to find out the behavior of inclusion. The experiment was carried out to find out the mechanism of the surfurized inclusion on the machinability, using some kinds of materials which were changed the size of the inclusion. In orthogonal cutting, the deformation behaviors of the sulfurized inclusion in the work materials were observed in the vicinity of tool face. Cutting forces were also measured and finished surfaces were observed. Besides, low speed orthogonal cutting in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) which was mounted a small cutting device was carried out in order to observe the deformation behavior more microscopically. As a result, it is clear that some inclusions creates voids around them and some broke to several pieces depending on their conditions. Moreover, in order to investigate the formation and growth of BUE, a quick stop experiment was done during turning. As a result, it is clear that the larger inclusions can reduce the formation of BUE.
Influence of WC and Co in Cutting Cemented Carbides with PCD and CBN Tools
Authors: Miyamoto Takeshi , Fujiwara Junsuke , Wakao Keisuke
Published: August 2015

In this study, turning of the cemented carbides that their WC particle size was standardized were carried out with the PCD and the cBN tools. The WC particle diameter of cemented carbides was about 2µm and the Co contents were 10, 15, 20 and 25%, respectively. The influence of the WC particle size and Co contents was investigated. Summary of results are shown as follows: (1) In turning with the PCD tool, the more the Co contents increase, the more the tool wear increases. (2) In turning with the cBN tools, the more the Co contents of the work material increase, the more the tool wear decreases. (3) In turning of the cemented carbides contained the larger quantity of Co, the cBN tools are more effective than the PCD tool.
Effect of Cutting Edge Roundness on Work Hardened Surface Layer in Metal Cutting
Authors: Hikiji Rikio , Kondo Eiji , Arai Minoru
Published: August 2015

In the ultra-precision machining, the smaller the undeformed chip thickness is, the more the machined surface integrity is affected by the cutting edge roundness of the cutting tool. In this research, the work hardened surface layer was dealt with as an evaluation of the machined surface integrity and the effect of the mechanical factors on work hardening was investigated experimentally in orthogonal cutting. In the case of a rounded cutting edge, unlike a sharp one, it makes the generation mechanism of the work hardened surface layer complicated. In this research, the mechanical dominant factors were investigated by comparing the effect of the rounded cutting edge on the work hardened surface layer, which counts for much in ultra precision machining involved in small undeformed chip thickness, with that of the sharp cutting edge.
Cutting Parameters Optimization of Thin-Walled Workpiece Based on Deflection Control
Authors: Chen Wei Fang , Xu Jiu Hua , Shen Zheng Hua , Chen Hua
Published: August 2015

Thin-walled workpiece is prone to produce deformation in the process of machining because of cutting and clamping forces. In this paper, a model of cutting parameters optimization is proposed to control the deflection. The influence of deflection on nominal milling depth is taken into account and the machining deflection is computed by iterative method. Based on the optimization model, a prototype system is developed to optimize the cutting parameters for a thin-walled workpiece with the genetic algorithm and finite element method. Finally, a simulation example is used to demonstrate the feasibility of the cutting parameters optimization method. The simulation result can be further employed into practical machining situation.
Simulation and Analysis for Application of Truing Ring in Certain Eccentricity Plane Lapping System
Authors: Deng Qian Fa , Yuan Ju Long , Wen Dong Hui , Chen Feng , Tao Li
Published: August 2015

In plane lapping, workpiece material removal and lapping wheel wear has been influenced each other and should be evenly distributed. Only required a flat lapping wheel, it could be obtained with flat workpieces and small thickness deviations. Therefore, the choice of the truing operation has an important effect on the quality of the lapping wheel and on the flatness of product. This is a way that using truing ring to true lapping wheel in certain eccentricity plane lapping system　to acquire the flatness. The kinematics of certain eccentricity plane lapping for uniformity of processing is analyzed in this paper firstly. Then different sizes and locations of truing ring that influences truing on the flatness of lapping wheel has evaluated and simulated. Lastly, a suitable truing operation of certain eccentricity plane lapping is proposed.
Statistical Research on the Effects of Cutting Edge Preparation on Face Milling of Austenitic Stainless Steel Using FEM
Authors: Ming Wei Wei , Chen Ming
Published: August 2015

Austenitic stainless steels are extensively used in the areas with high corrosion. The high heat resistance and strength make them difficult-to-cut materials. The tool life in machining austenitic stainless steels is restricted by the high cutting force and temperature which induce the tool wear and edge chipped. To achieve tool edge strength and reduce the edge-related problems, tool edge preparation is applied by introducing the chamfered and honed edges. In the current paper, the effects of the cutting edge preparation in face milling of austenitic stainless steels were studied using statistical method. The output cutting parameters as cutting force, temperature were obtained by finite element analysis. The purpose for this research is to give guidance to the tool edge preparation for machining stainless steels.
Research on Warpage Deformation of Machining Cantilever Sheet Part with Combined Saw Milling Tool
Authors: Xu Dao Chun , Feng Ping Fa , Yu Ding Wen , Wu Zhi Jun
Published: August 2015

Warpage deformation is an inevitable phenomenon as a cantilever sheet part is machined by combined saw milling tool. This problem affects machining quality obviously. In order to find the formation mechanism and a suitable solution, the paper carried out a qualitative analysis of the warpage causations, clarified the relationships of many factors and carried out quantitative analysis through the combined method of AdvantEdge FEM and Ansys. Furthermore, experiments of residual stress release and warpage solution were carried out in order to verify the correctness of theory analysis results. As is shown by the research results, warpage has already formed during residual stress formation. The causation of warpage is the unreasonable cutting path and the residual stress imbalance of the up and down sheet plane. The solution can control the warpage deformation well. The research results have an explicit guiding function to the actual production.
Cutting Tool Edge Temperature in Finish Hard Turning of Case Hardened Steel
Authors: Tanaka Ryutaro , Morishita Hiroki , Lin Yong Chuan , Hosokawa Akira , Ueda Takashi , Furumoto Tatsuaki
Published: August 2015

This study deals with the influence of tool characteristics on the cutting edge temperature in turning case hardened steel. The cutting test is undertaken with the inserts which have different thermal conductivity and coating layer. The tool edge temperature is measured with a two-color pyrometer. The tool edge temperature increases with the increase in cutting speed. The higher thermal conductivity cutting insert causes lower tool edge temperature. The coating hardly affects the tool edge temperature. The white layer thickness increases with increasing cutting speed reaching a maximum at certain cutting speed and decreases with cutting speed.
An Investigation into Integrate the Surface Hardening with the Grinding Precision Finishing
Authors: Hou Ya Li , Li Chang He , Ding Yu Cheng
Published: August 2015

The grinding hardening is a new surface heat treatment technology using grinding heat in which induce martensitic phase transformation in the surface layers of annealed or tempered steels to achieve surface strengthening processes and integrate the surface hardening process with the grinding precision machining. In the paper, a thermal model to describe this process has been presented from the thermal partition modeling and has been used to predict subsurface time–temperature profiles in the dry cylindrical grinding crankshaft using cubic boron nitride (CBN) wheels. The grinding hardening experiment was carried out in precision cylindrical grinder M1420E, using work-piece material 42CrMo4 and CBN grinding wheel under dry grinding condition. The experimental results showed the theoretical model is agreement with experimental results and the model can well forecast the grinding hardening depths.
Study of Magnetic Abrasive Finishing to Thin Sleeve of Al Alloy
Authors: Chen Hong Ling , Li Wen Hui , Yang Shi Chun
Published: August 2015

The magnetic abrasive finishing process of thin sleeve of Al alloy with different diameter is studied based on self-adaptive characteristics. Some technical innovations are done such as fixing smooth magnetic mandrel or slot magnetic mandrel and so on in the workpiece interior for improving the structure style of the working space and characteristic of magnetic field. Experiments on thin sleeve of Al alloy are done and their finishing effects are contrasted. Research results indicate that fixing slot magnetic spindle in the workpiece interior can increase efficiency and improve quality for large thin non-magnetic sleeve.
Practical Measurement and Evaluation of Thermal Behavior of NC Lathe and its Application to Turning Process Modification
Authors: Okabe Masayuki , Sakakibara Mitsuru
Published: August 2015

The measuring method for thermal effects in NC machine tools was drawn-up as ISO 230-3 in 2001. After that, this international standard was introduced as JIS B 6193 in 2003. In connection with this, the measurement of thermal effects becomes achievable also not only in a machine tool builder but in a user side. Therefore, in this research, practical measurement and evaluation of thermal behavior in CNC lathe are performed from a user's viewpoint. Primarily in the experimental measurement, the spindle speed required for turning of the workpiece for a trial-production was given as a load pattern. Then the thermal displacement between cutting tool and workpiece was measured based on the above-mentioned standard and the evaluation result was reported. Secondarily, the consideration was done for the modification of the turning process of the most influential thermal effect. The thermal behavior by applying the modified load pattern was re-measured successively, and comparative evaluation was carried out. As a result, it was verified that an extensive reduction of the thermal effects was possible in the sensitive direction to the accuracy.
Finite Element Analysis on Segmented Chip Formation for High Speed Cutting of Ti6Al4V Alloy
Authors: Zhang Xiang Hua , Wu Hong Bing
Published: August 2015

To accurately simulate the segmented chip formation of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V in high speed cutting process, the key techniques of the finite element modeling were investigated detailed, which included establishing the finite element model, material constitutive relation, chip separation criteria, material failure criteria. A high speed cutting case of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V were simulated with thermal mechanical analysis and adiabatic analysis respectively. Through the comparison of the two simulated results, it proved the segmented chip is formed because of the adiabatic shear. The results prove the finite element model established is correct.
Taguchi Method Based Experiments of Titanium TC11 Flank Milling Parameters
Authors: Liu Chang Yi , Chu Cheng Long , Zhou Wen Hui , Yi Jun Jie
Published: August 2015

Taguchi design methodology is applied to experiments of flank mill machining parameters of titanium alloy TC11 (Ti6.5A13.5Mo2Zr0.35Si) in conventional and high speed regimes. This study includes three factors, cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut, about two types of tools. Experimental runs are conducted using an orthogonal array of L9(33), with measurement of cutting force, cutting temperature and surface roughness. The analysis of result shows that the factors combination for good surface roughness, low cutting temperature and low resultant cutting force are high cutting speed, low feed rate and low depth of cut.
Simulation Research on the Swirling Airflow Compounded with Magnetic-Field Finishing
Authors: Li Xiu Hong , Yang Sheng Qiang , Yang Shi Chun , Li Wen Hui
Published: August 2015

A new finishing technology of the swirling airflow compounded with magnetic-field is advanced. Machining prediction is carried through by simulating magnetic field and flow field. Abrasive velocity and grinding pressure according to injection pressure and abrasive diameter are shown. Unthreaded hole is experimented on the condition of adding magnetic field or not and the decrease of surface roughness on eight sampling points along axis is obtained. Research indicates that the swirling airflow compounded with magnetic-field finishing is feasible from the simulation and Adding magnetic field may avoid the ununiformity of finishing as well as increase finishing effect.
Effect of Electrode Insulation Thickness on Size Accuracy of Bored Hole in ECD Process
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhu Di , Qu Ning Song , Huang Shao Fu
Published: August 2015

. Electrochemical drilling (ECD) is a versatile process for drilling meso/micro size holes in hard-to-machine metals. Electrode insulation plays a significant part in improving ECD localization and accuracy. Electric field simulation of the side gap shows the current distribution varies remarkably with the size of insulation layer shape. Experiments are carried out to study the influence of insulation thickness (IT) on the machined hole characteristics. Poor hole was observed and identified as most likely to occur with a combination of low tool feed rate and low IT. Electrodes with the relatively thick insulating layer leads to a significant improvement in bored hole precision.
Prevention of Burr Formation in Face Milling of Carbon Steel by Laser Hardening
Authors: Kito Takashi , Tanaka Ryutaro , Hosokawa Akira , Ueda Takashi , Furumoto Tatsuaki
Published: August 2015

. Burr is formed at workpiece edge in most metal cutting process. These burrs make troubles on production lines in terms of added cost and time for deburring process. The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of workpiece hardening on the burr formation in face milling of carbon steel AISI 1045. Before machining, laser hardening by CO2 laser is irradiated on the side face along the line where burr is expected to be formed. The laser irradiated area of carbon steel has high hardness and brittle characteristic in comparison with mother phase. In case of machining laser hardened workpiece, the burr height was smaller compared with standard steel. By controlling laser irradiation conditions, burr is not observed so that the chipping (negative burr) like chamfering is caused. From these results, it was clarified that laser hardening is effective to prevent burr formation and this technique can be applied to high efficiency processing.
The Optimization of Processing Parameters and Experimental Investigation on Ni-Based Components Fabricated by Laser Cladding
Authors: Ji Xia , Zhou Jian Zhong , Qiu Feng , Jiang Su Qing
Published: August 2015

The optimization of processing parameters for laser cladding process based on Statistical Analysis System (SAS) software was investigated and the experimental investigation on Ni-based alloy components fabricated by laser cladding was carried out. The influences of the main processing parameters on the surface quality were analyzed, and the Ni-based components with superior surface quality were obtained by employing the optimum set of parameters. The surface morphology and microstructure of the components were analyzed. Results indicate that the surface of the cladding is rather smooth and the claddings have a unique microstructure consisting of primary dendrite. The laser cladding layer with integrated melt interface and without reheat cracking can be obtained by optimizing the process variables. The investigations show that the components fabricated by laser cladding process have better mechanical properties than that of the conventional manufacturing technology.
Research on Machining Methods for Non-Circular Isometric Profile
Authors: Wang Hong Yan , Yang Xue Feng , Guo Pei Quan
Published: August 2015

Two machining methods for non-circular isometric profile are introduced. The profile modeling technology and the numerical control technology are analyzed. The dynamic property of in a series profile modeling technology system is revealed, and the design principle for in a series profile modeling technology system is put forward, the value range of damping ratio is instanced at near 0.7. The turning machining system adopting linear servo motor as drive element is brought forward.
Ultrafine-Grained Treatment Process on FGH4096 Alloy
Authors: Ning Yong Quan , Yao Ze Kun , Guo Hong Zhen , Yu Tao , Zhang Yi Wen
Published: August 2015

Ultrafine-grained treatment (multiple forging and heat treatment) were carried out on FGH4096 alloy to get ultrafine grain with grain being of 1-5μm. OM, SEM, TEM and tensile test were used to study the action of ultrafine-grained treatment on improving structure and properties. The tensile properties of the alloy processed under ultrafine-grained treated have shown quite satisfactory levels, which ultimate strength (UTS) reach 1730Mpa and yield strength (YS) values reach 1470Mpa at room temperature. The apperance of advanced strength has originated chiefly form not only the persence of fine grains, but also structure of grain boundaries and diaperce pricipitations of secondary phase. A better combination of mechanical properties achieved by use of ultrafine-grained treatment makes it possible to explore the dual property turbine disc to its maximum potential for FGH 4096 alloy.
The Error Analysis on Tooth Profiles with Electroplated CBN Hard Gear-Honing-Tools
Authors: Lv Ming , Zhang Man Dong , Xiong Chen Xi
Published: August 2015

After using plated CBN hard gear-honing-tools with standard involute tooth profiles, there will be the middle concave errors generally around pitch circle on the machined gear tooth surfaces. For the factors caused to errors are much complicated, it is difficult to calculate them accurately by the analytic method. Therefore, Using Pro/E and ANSYS software, the engaging situation between gear-honing-tool and gear was simulated and analyzed. Based on the results of the analysis, the abrupt changing extent of the compression stress was determined near pitch circle. Along the number of the machined gear teeth was changed, the abrupt changing extent of the compression stress was varied accordingly, which was also coincided with the middle concave errors. Those provided the theoretical foundation for the tooth profile modification of the hard gear-honing-tools, it was proved useful to reduce or eliminate middle concave error in practice.
The Development Trend of Cutting Tools
Authors: Murakami Daisuke
Published: August 2015

Cutting tools have been improved to endure severe environments in cutting operations. Especially, ceramic film coating technologies are important. Recently, film structure is optimized and tensile stress in film is controlled, as a result new tools which have the newest coating achieved double the tool life and 1.5 times higher efficiency compared with conventional tools. In tool design, progressive molding and sintering techniques allow more complicated tool shapes which have high rake angles to reduce cutting force, higher accuracy equivalent to grinding class tools and more excellent performance.
Research on the Method of Improving Accuracy of Parallel Machine Tools
Authors: Liang Hui , Chen Wu Yi , Li Hong Fang
Published: August 2015

The paper puts forward a method that the internal force greatly improves the actual accuracy of parallel machine tools, and a-2DOF redundantly actuated parallel mechanism is designed. The position and speed harmonious control conditions is studied and the force control system is devised in this paper. The experiments show that this method can greatly improve the accuracy of parallel machines. Therefore, the results provide the theoretical and experimental foundation for improving the accuracy of parallel machines by internal force.
A Novel Determination Algorithm of Locating Parameters for Fixture Design
Authors: Qin Guo Hua , Wu Zhu Xi , Lu Yu Ming
Published: August 2015

In order to obtain the machining requirements of the machining features, it is necessary to develop a proper fixture locating scheme to constrain correctly the degrees of freedom (DOFs) of a workpart. In this paper, a machining-requirement-based design approach to locating scheme is for the first time created. Firstly, the relationship is established between the machining dimensions and the DOFs to be constrained theoretically. Secondly, the fixture locating scheme is established to characterize practical constrained DOFs of a workpiece in terms of the locator number and positions. As a result, locating correctness is defined according to the relationship between the theoretical constrained DOFs and the practical constrained DOFs, and then the determination algorithm of locating parameters is proposed quantitatively for the first time to design the fixture locating scheme.
The Technical Study on Cylinder Cam Machining
Authors: Yuan Guang Ming , Liu Lei , Wang Hao Chen , Jiao Xue Jian , Yin Zhan Min
Published: August 2015

Worm cam mechanism is a common indexing mechanism which is widely used in automatic machinery. Because of its high transmission precision requirements, the mechanism has high demands on the cylinder cam. The machining methods of cylinder cam are unique and the methods of special machine tool and NC machining are the two methods that general adopted in the machining of it. In this paper, the method of CNC Programming which is used for machining cylinder cam in 5-axeses high speed DMU 70eVolution Machining Center is introduced. The machining principle of cylinder cam has been studied, and the mathematical model for CNC Programming has also been worked out. The automated compensation of cutting tool’s radius is used in this field for the first time.
Wear of Diamond Grinding Wheel during Low Speed Dressing by Alumina
Authors: Luangvaranunt Tachai , Tangkaratanakul Natthawat , Sakultantimetha Patchanok
Published: August 2015

Diamond grinding wheel is used in high precision grinding process, when work piece has a very high hardness. For a specific grinding interval, the wheel must be properly dressed, in order to remove swarf, sharpen the worn diamond grits, open up new diamond protrusions, and recondition the bond material. Dressing of diamond grinding wheel by alumina dressing tool has been simulated in a pin-on-disk machine in the research. Sharpening of the wheel is indicated by the increase of its roughness value, and surface microstructure with protruding sharp diamond grits. It was found that increasing of sliding distant from 100 to 500 m will increase the roughness of the wheel. The increase of contact load from 10 to 20 N will also increase roughness of the wheel, and the severity of wheel wear, indicated by high values of friction coefficient. A proper dressing of this nickel bonded SD1200 diamond wheel is by sliding against alumina dressing tool for at least 300 m under 10 N load. Sliding velocity has minimal effect to the results. A too large sliding distant and load will cause severe damage to wheel surface, and severe wheel wear, indicated by its large mass loss.
Effect of Thermal Exposure on Long-Term Heated Microstructures at 900°C of Nickel Base Superalloy Turbine Blades, Grade Udimet 500
Authors: Wangyao Panyawat , Polsilapa Sureerat , Srimek Anchalee , Promboopha Aimamorn
Published: August 2015

In this research, 5 superalloys Udimet-500 samples were reheat-treated under simulation of 2 working conditions. First, they were heated at 900oC for 400 hours of each heating cycle from the beginning until accumulated heating time reached 1600 hours, these samples were collected and examined the microstructures for size and shape of gamma prime particles. Another heating condition, they had an additional over thermal exposure heating at 1125oC for 1 hour after heating at 900oC of each 400 hours-heating cycle. Then the results were analyzed from 2 working conditions. It was found that the area fraction, average area of gamma prime particle values of nickel base superalloy turbine blade, grade Udimet-500 happened in the same directions in first heating program. However, with the over thermal exposure heating at 1125oC for 1 hour after every heating at 900oC for 400 hours-heating, the obtained results show rates of the area fraction, average area of gamma prime particle values had changed more slowly because the temperature 1125oC at the end of each 900C heating could solutioning some coarse gamma prime phase back to the matrix in some degree. Therefore, the rate of ripening of gamma particle size was slower due to that the microstructural rejuvenation was always performed after each heating cycle and also allowed the reprecipitation of uniform finer gamma prime particles providing longer service time than those of first heating condition.
Development of Forming Processes for MoNiCr Alloy
Authors: Novy Zbysek , Džugan Jan , Wangyao Panyawat , Kraus Libor
Published: August 2015

Nickel based super alloy MoNiCr was developed as the material with high corrosion and creep resistance against aggressive molten fluoride salt environment. This medium is used by Fluoride salt cooled High temperature Reactor (FHR) and Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) systems. The elements Mo, Cr and Fe are most important alloying elements accompanied by very low amount of Al + Ti. Necessity to prepare hot formed semi products such as sheets, bars, wires and tubes was the motivation for this new experimental program execution searching for suitable hot forming conditions. In the case of MoNiCr components forming, recrystallization is a crucial process allowing successful forming. Special attention was paid to this process after finding out, that this process is running very slowly or even not running at all, if inappropriate conditions are met. Proper temperature and strain rate range were determined and furthermore the influence of cold deformation on recrystallization progress was determined. It was found that cold deformation before hot forming as well as after hot forming can be successfully implemented into technological chain. Almost fully recrystallized microstructure can be achieved using synergy of both cold and hot deformation.
Determination of 3D Ductile Failure Criteria for Advanced High Strength Steel Sheet
Authors: Charoensuk Kritchanan , Uthaisangsuk Viton
Published: August 2015

In this work, 3D ductile fracture locus was determined for the advanced high strength (AHS) steel sheet grade DP780 using a hybrid approach between experiment and FE simulation. Tensile tests of different sample geometries were performed for the investigated dual phase steel, by which varying stress triaxiality (η) and lode angle (θ) values developed in the material during loading were introduced. During the tests, the direct current potential drop (DCPD) method and digital image correlation (DIC) technique were applied for identifying crack initiation on the micro-scale and fracture of the specimens due to local plastic deformation. Obtained force and displacement curves were correlated with the electric potential curves. Then, the moments of crack onset were determined for various states of stress. In parallel, the most critical areas of deformed samples before fracture were observed by the DIC method. Subsequently, FE simulations of the tensile tests were carried out and calculated local stresses and strains were gathered. The stress triaxialities, equivalent plastic strains and lode angles were evaluated for the corresponding detected areas. These threshold variables obtained from different specimens were plotted as the 3D failure locus for defining crack initiation and fracture occurrence in the DP steel.
Effects of Beryllium and Tin on Spring Property of Aged Silver Alloys 935 without Solutionization Treatment
Authors: Chairerk Navarat , Imurai S. , Chairuangsri Torranin , Nisaratanaporn Ekasit
Published: August 2015

Microstructural development and mechanical properties of as cast and heat treated 935 Ag-Cu and Ag-Cu-Be-Sn alloys without using solutionization were investigated. The conventional lost-wax process with vacuum assisted and induction heating has been performed for producing the as cast specimens. After pouring the melt into plaster mould, the casting has been prolonged for 15 minutes prior to quenching into water. Subsequently all specimens including the reference specimens, commercial specimens and Ag-Cu-Be-Sn additions specimens were aged at 250 and 350°C for a given period between 0 to 120 min according to normal aging procedure of the 935 AgCu alloy. In case of Be and Sn additions, the A1 alloy with aging at 350°C performed the combination of good mechanical properties and the surface finish with superior anti-tarnish and fire scale resistance and thus these are suitable for jewelry applications. Microstructures were characterized by using both scanning and transmission microscopes. The results show that the precipitates in the 935 AgCuBeSn alloy were detected and thus resulted in a better improvement in yield strength and modulus of resilience than those of the 935 AgCu alloy
Effect of Alloying Modification in Arc Melted Hastelloy X on Microstructures and Oxidation Resistance at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Srigiofun Pajaree , Wangyao Panyawat , Rojhirunsakool Tanaporn
Published: August 2015

The present research work has an aim to modify microstructure and oxidation behavior of Hastelloy X, a solid solution nickel base alloy, by both aluminium and titanium additions by mean of arc melting process. The Hastelloy X was added both Al and Ti (50:50) for 2% 4% and 6% by weight and casted by vacuum arc melting furnace. Then all received specimens were performed heat treatment, which consist of solutioning treatment at 1175°C for 4 hours and aging temperatures for 760°C, 800°C and 845°C for 24 hours. From the obtained results, it was found that the amount of both Al and Ti additions as well as precipitation aging temperature provided significant effect on both final microstructure and oxidation behaviors at 900°C and 1000°C. Widmanstatten type of microstructure was found in many case. Intermetallic phase formation of molybdenum and chromium was also found in all cases by element mapping. This phase should be γ’-phase. Both aluminium and titanium additions could not provide beneficial effect on oxidation resistance tests at temperature of 900°C and 1000°C. However, with 4%wt. of both aluminium and titanium addition, it resulted in slightly increasing of oxidation resistance at temperature of 1000°C
An Automatic Selection of Segment Width for the Single Sensor Differential Thermal Analysis (SS-DTA) Based on Piecewise Linear Approximation Technique
Authors: Nieampradit Wutipong , Wongsa Sarawan , Phung-On Isaratat
Published: August 2015

Single Sensor Differential Thermal Analysis (SS-DTA) is a novel non-destructive testing technique for studying and detecting the phase transformations and structural changes in materials. It uses only one temperature sensor to measure the temperature in a particular point of interest in the material during actual and simulated thermal processing of the material. SS-DTA compares the temperature recorded in a tested specimen against a reference thermal profile which can be generated either by analytical formulae or piecewise linear approximation. The main advantage of piecewise linear approximation over the analytical formulae is that it does not need the knowledge of tested material and processing conditions to optimally estimate the parameters of reference thermal history. On the other hand, in order to apply the piecewise linear approximation technique we must specify the segment width which is normally fixed at a nominal value of 1.5 seconds. We have recently found that this nominal value might not be an optimal choice for the segment width as it does not guarantee to give the best detectability of phase transformation. Therefore, in this research work we proposed a technique to automatically select an appropriate value of the segment width. The performance of proposed method has been evaluated by investigating the phase transformations of welded stainless steel SUS 321and SUS 304. It was found that the appropriate segment width could be ranging from 1.25-1.75 seconds and by using this selection technique, we could detect the differential temperature more accurately than when using the nominal value.
Reliability in Low Emission Wireless Measurement Networks
Authors: Zabłudowski Łukasz , Marciniak Beata , Ledziński Damian , Maszewski Mirosław
Published: August 2015

Wireless sensor networks called WSN’s increasingly find their wide application in various distributed measurement systems. Currently, many manufacturers focus on implementation of these devices in energy meters. In addition these devices are increasingly being considered as a system that do not carry big financial effort to be implement as a measuring systems of key safety parameters in production environments. Such environments are becoming an important element to ensure reliable transmission between measuring devices broadcasting. Another challenge in the systems under consideration is to provide low emissivity in the network. The low emissivity provides less interference between operating devices. This premise has an important effect on networks with large numbers of nodes.