bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-hormonal options for the relief of menopausal disorders
Authors: Yakushevskaya O. V.
Published: January 2022

Woman’s nature is unique. Taking into account some historical milestones, it can be noted that the role of women in society has undergone large-scale changes. The woman took a confident position in society. Its main function remains unchanged and it consists in procreation and procreation. A woman’s activity is consistent with the work of her reproductive system (RS). The gradual decrease, and then the cessation of the work of the ovaries, contributes to the life order and health of the fair sex. Menopause is a natural stage in a woman’s life, which corresponds to the peak of social self-realization. However, in some cases, hormonal changes characteristic of this period can serve as a favorable background for the formation of a number of pathological changes. The growing estrogen deficiency is becoming a pathogenetic impetus for the development of a wide range of climacteric disorders. Vasomotor symptoms and hyperhidrosis are the most frequent companions of women during the perimenopausal transition and early postmenopause. Maintaining optimal activity and the full quality of life of patients should be the goal of correcting the negative manifestations of estrogen deficiency and the complications associated with it. Compensating for estrogen deficiency with menopausal hormone therapy (HRT) is the benchmark for menopausal problems. However, there are a number of patients who have contraindications to prescribing HRT or who refuse to receive it for some reason. For this category of patients, alternative methods of diet correction. Combinations of plant extracts with vitamins and minerals have been successfully used in clinical practice for a long time. The article will provide information on the most studied phytoestrogens contained in soy.
Diagnostic markers of human papillomavirus persistence and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Khoperskaya O. V. , Enkova E. V. , Kiseleva E. V. , Shamarin S. V. , Sentsova E. Y.
Published: January 2022

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia is widespread among patients of the reproductive period, the peak of the incidence occurs at a young age, often when the reproductive function has not yet been performed. The oncological alertness of the medical community is justified: the incidence of cervical cancer has increased by 24.6% over the past ten years, and in the structure of cancer mortality in the age group of 30–39 years cervical cancer occupies the 1st place accounting for 23%. Тhe same time aggressive management of the disease in patients who have not yet performed their reproductive function is associated with the loss of significant volume of cervical tissues and an increase in the frequency of premature birth. The most acute issue is the tactics of managing cervical neoplasia of the second degree of severity, when there is still hope for the regression of the disease, but at the same time there is a high risk of transition to dysplasia of the third degree of severity and subsequently to invasive cancer. The search for diagnostic markers that allow predicting the probability of regression and, conversely, the unfavorable course of the disease is the most important task solution of which will allow optimizing tactics in controversial clinical cases and avoiding unnecessary surgical aggression, improving the perinatal outcomes of patients undergoing surgical treatment. The search for new economically feasible and diagnostically valuable markers allowing us to predict the course of the disease and determine the amount of necessary surgical treatment continues, but the most significant at this moment is still the determination of the coexpression of p16 and Ki-67 in immunocytochemical studies and p16INK4a in immunohistochemical studies. The diagnostic sensitivity of determining the co-expression of p16INK4a/Ki67 is 98.5%, and the expression of p16INK4a in CIN II indicates that in 81% of cases there is a tendency to a progressive course of the disease.
Evaluation of the therapeutic efficacy of original and generic meloxicam in the treatment of acute neck pain
Authors: Yakovlev E. V. , Gnevyshev E. N. , Zhivolupov S. A. , Smirnov A. A. , Zhivolupova Yu. A. , Eriskovskaya A. I. , Ovsepyan A. L.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. In the structure of the global burden of diseases, back pain ranks first in the world in the list of causes of disability. Neck pain is one of the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system. An integral part of the strategy for the treatment of acute neck pain is the use of original nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with high proven effectiveness.

Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the therapeutic efficacy of the original drug meloxicam (Movalis) and its generic (Amelotex) in the treatment of patients with acute nonspecific musculoskeletal pain of cervical localization.

Materials and methods. The article provides an assessment of the therapeutic effectiveness of the original drug meloxicam (Movalis) and its generic (Amelotex) in the treatment of patients with acute neck pain. Comparative analysis of the results of treatment of 108 patients hospitalized in the Branch of the MC JSC “Admiralteyskie Verfi” aged 18 to 60 years (58 men and 50 women) with a diagnosis of acute dorsalgia of cervical localization (M54.2 according to ICD-10). The average age of patients is 42.5 ± 11.1 years.

Results. As a result of the clinical and neurological study and statistical processing of the data obtained, it was found that the use of Movalis in the treatment of patients with acute neck pain was more effective compared to the use of generic (Amelotex). In  the  Movalis group, the  level of  pain  intensity and the  index of  disability after treatment was significantly lower than in the Amelotex group at an equivalent dose of 15 mg per day (p < 0.01). The analgesic effect in the group of patients receiving Movalis was longer. There was a significant decrease in sleep disorders associated with pain syndrome in the group (Movalis) compared with patients of the second group (Amelotex). Conclusions. The absence of therapeutic bioequivalence between Movalis and Amelotex revealed in our study determines the relevance of the choice of drugs for the complex therapy of patients of this profile. A multimodal approach to the strategy of treating neck pain, individually patient-oriented, including the use of effective and safe medicines, physical exercises, manual therapy, is optimal.>< 0.01). The analgesic effect in the group of patients receiving Movalis was longer. There was a significant decrease in sleep disorders associated with pain syndrome in the group (Movalis) compared with patients of the second group (Amelotex).

Conclusions. The absence of therapeutic bioequivalence between Movalis and Amelotex revealed in our study determines the relevance of the choice of drugs for the complex therapy of patients of this profile. A multimodal approach to the strategy of treating neck pain, individually patient-oriented, including the use of effective and safe medicines, physical exercises, manual therapy, is optimal.
Six-month therapy of CGRP monoclonal antibodies in real-world clinical practice: an interim analysis of efficacy and safety data
Authors: Vashchenko N. V. , Uzhakhov A. M. , Bogorodskaya M. V. , Korobkova D. Z. , Azimova Ju. E. , Skorobogatykh K. V.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Migraine is one of the most common disabling neurological disorders. Recently developed monoclonal antibodies to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) or its receptor are the first targeted medication for preventive therapy of both episodic and chronic migraine. They have been thoroughly investigated in clinical trials; however, there is little data from real-world clinical practice available to date. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of 6 months of treatment with erenumab in real-world clinical practice and investigate the effect of the drug on the patients’ sensitivity to medicines for migraine headaches relief and patient satisfaction after treatment.

Materials and methods. Our observational cohort prospective study included patients in our Headache Clinic prescribed monoclonal antibodies blocking the  CGRP-receptor  – erenumab. During the  investigation, we evaluated the  previous preventive therapy and its efficacy, the number of days with migraine per month, adverse events occurring during the erenumab treatment, depression and anxiety (HADS), migraine disability (MIDAS), the presence of allodynia (ACS-12) and improved response to acute therapy after treatment. A total of 42 patients participated in the study: 6 men, 36 women, the average age was 43.9 ± 12.2. Of them, 38 patients (90%) had chronic migraine. Thirty-two patients (76%) had previously been prescribed preventive therapy, which proved ineffective, and 10 patients (24%) had not once received any type of migraine prevention.

Results. Among our patients, we identified 11 patients with resistant migraine and one patient with refractory migraine. During the study, two patients dropped out due to adverse events (constipation). Thirty patients continued the administration of erenumab 70 mg for at least six months. The average number of migraine days per month before treatment was 22.8, and after six months of treatment, it dropped to 7.3. Twenty-nine patients (72.5%) also noted that the response to acute headache treatment improved after the therapy.

Conclusion. The results of our study are consistent with the international experience of using erenumab and confirm its effectiveness for migraine preventive therapy, including difficult-to-treat migraine cases. However, further studies with more participants and evaluation of predictors of successful monoclonal antibody therapy are still needed.
Fixed combination of vilanterol triphenatate/fluticasone furoate in the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a literature review
Authors: Viesel A. A. , Viesel I. Yu.
Published: January 2022

A review of the literature selected from russian and foreign electronic medical libraries devoted to the use of a fixed combination of fluticasone furoate with vilanterol triphenatate (FF/VI) in the respiratory tract using a metered-dose powder inhaler in bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is presented. (DPI) Ellipt. The results of studies of each of  the  components devoted to their clinical efficacy and safety, and the  use of  FF / VI in  asthma  and COPD are presented. Comparative randomized clinical trials have shown the advantages of FF / VI over the individual components of this combination and over other drugs. This combination was especially effective in AD. The economic efficiency of the transition of BA patients from everyday therapy to FF/VI has been proved. The data on the ability of the Ellipt DPI to form a clinically significant portion of the respirable fraction of both drugs, as well as data on the intuitive use of the device and adherence to the prescribed therapy are presented. In terms of the development of adverse events, the use of this combination in AD did not differ from placebo. With the use of FF/VI in patients with COPD, an increased incidence of pneumonia was noted, which was also typical for the use of FF alone, but did not accompany treatment with vilanterol. The analysis of the literature data based on well-planned multicenter RCTs with a large number of patients showed that the expansion of the use of a fixed combination of FF/VI in AD and COPD can improve control over these diseases and reduce the costs of practical healthcare, as well as preserve the level of treatment safety in comparison with monotherapy.
Features of therapeutic correction of GERD: focus on cytoprotection (with a clinical case)
Authors: Pakhomova I. G.
Published: January 2022

Тo date, the possible links of the pathogenesis of this disease have been well studied and described, which predetermine certain approaches to the treatment of various variants of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Effective drug therapy for GERD includes proton pump inhibitors (PPI). However, PPI monotherapy is not always effective. One approach is to increase the PPI dose. At the same time, combination therapy with the addition of drugs that affect the protective properties of the esophageal mucosa seems to be more rational. It is known that in the development of GERD, the violation of cytoprotection of the esophageal mucosa is one of the key links in pathogenesis. Consequently, the issue of combination therapy of PPIs with drugs that increase the protective properties of the mucous barrier along with acid suppression becomes relevant. An example of such an approach is the  appointment of  rebamipide, the  action of  which is to regulate the  synthesis of  prostaglandins through COX-2  mediated mechanisms, influence on endothelial growth factor, increase the expression of tight intercellular contact proteins in epithelial cells of the mucous membrane, reduce the level of interleukin-8 and free oxygen radicals, directed to protect the mucous membrane of  the  gastrointestinal tract and restore its natural barrier properties. The  effectiveness of  the  combination of  PPI and rebamipide contributes to a greater regression of complaints in patients with GERD and a lower frequency of disease relapses than with PPI monotherapy. This article provides a review of the literature on the features of GERD therapy, primarily with an emphasis on the correction of the cytoprotective properties of the esophageal mucosa, including against the background of the use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), and a clinical case analysis with a discussion of rational pharmacological correction.
Comparative assessment of the effectiveness of hearing assessment protocols in identifying SNHL in elderly and senile people
Authors: Daikhes N. A. , Vladimirova T. Yu. , Bulgakova S. V. , Martynova A. B.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The article discusses methods of screening for hearing impairments in patients of the older age group in the frame-work of primary health care.

Aim of the study. Conduct a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of different hearing assessment protocols in primary health care.

Materials and methods. Сlinical and demographic data were collected in 585 elderly and senile patients (mean age 76.43 ± 9.83), tonal threshold audiometry was performed in the frequency range from 250 Hz to 12000 Hz, hearing was studied using the web application “Automated primary hearing assessment” (patent No. 2019664671) and analyzed the self-assessment of hearing with the HHIE questionnaire.

Results. Most of the patients were elderly people (57.44%) with a high percentage of concomitant diseases (up to 89.23%). When interviewing a geriatrician about a complaint of hearing loss, a sensitivity of 91.5% and a specificity of 82.2% for detecting mild hearing loss, a sensitivity of 95.5% and a specificity of 71.8% for screening for moderate to severe hearing loss were obtained. When assessing the total score of the HHIE questionnaire (>17 points) and moderate hearing loss, the sensitivity was 84.7% and the specificity was 88.7%. The sensitivity index of the web application «Automated primary hearing assessment» for detecting moderate hearing impairment was 90.6% for the left ear and 88.5% for the right ear, and specificity – 88.5% for the left ear and 97.5% for the right ear.

Discussion. Raising awareness of hearing problems through the introduction of feasible methods of assessing hearing function should lead to an increase in the number of older adults receiving adequate hearing rehabilitation.

Conclusions. The authors conclude that it is important to take preliminary account of data on the sensitivity and specificity of assessment protocols for detecting hearing impairments of varying severity at the stage of examination of an older patient by a geriatrician and an otorhinolaryngologist.
Effective treatment of different types of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls
Authors: Uvarova E. V. , Khashchenko E. P. , Kyurdzidi S. O.
Published: January 2022

This review is addressing an urgent problem of diagnosis and treatment strategy of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls. We analysed data from modern literary publications on the epidemiology and classification of the disease, as well as the adaptation of general principles for the management of young female patients tailored to their age peculiarities. The effective treatment strategies for adolescent girls with PCOS depending on its type are presented. Today there are several contradictions associated with both the diagnosis and treatment of the disease in the medical community. Thus, the use of the well-known Rotterdam criteria makes it difficult to diagnose PCOS in adolescent girls, since the criteria do not take into account characteristic changes that occur during puberty. Such manifestations as acne, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, high androgen levels and morphology of polycystic ovaries on pelvic ultrasound imaging should be assessed with due account for age, puberty, hormonal balance with an assessment of the ratio of LH (luteinizing hormone)/FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and Free Androgen Index. There is no consensus in the medical community regarding the treatment strategy for PCOS. International communities have identified two main goals in the management of patients: normalization of menstrual function and improvement of the patients’ quality of life by preventing clinical symptoms of hyperandrogenism, and metabolic disorders of hyperplastic processes in target organs.

Our analysis of objective scientific data showed that modern monophasic combined oral contraceptives (COCs) supplemented by of a folate component should be used to treat young female patients with PCOS, hyperandrogenism and psychosomatic disorders.
Comorbid patient with arterial hypertension: difficulties in diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Polozova E. I. , Skvortsov V. V. , Seskina A. A. , Mironov A. A. , Starova A. R. , Bangarov R. Yu.
Published: January 2022

The problem of comorbidity becomes especially relevant in the conditions of demographic aging of the population. In recent years the number of studies devoted to diagnostic and treatment features of comorbidities, especially in elderly and senile patients, has increased. In spite of this fact, until now there are no clear recommendations for the management of comorbidities in the therapeutic practice.

The article is devoted to the presentation and discussion of a clinical case of a comorbid patient with arterial hypertension. The stages of the performed diagnostic search with verification of the clinical diagnosis and the tactics of the prescribed pharmacotherapy are presented. On the basis of the presented data it is shown that exacerbation of one of the chronic diseases of the patient’s general comorbid background may significantly increase the severity of the general pathology and in its turn will determine the prognosis and influence the treatment tactics. The complexity of this case is that the patient has chronic single kidney disease in the stage of chronic renal failure. In analysing this case, it is also important to note the difficulties in the choice of drug therapy, as this situation poses significant limitations in the use of many drugs. This is a challenge that every clinician faces on a daily basis, regardless of clinical experience and medical knowledge. Only a multilevel approach will enable comprehensive medical and social care to be organised for patients with co-morbidities with chronic diseases, provide follow-up not only during exacerbations but also during remissions, contribute to the prevention of exacerbations and complications, which will consequently improve prognosis and quality of life.
Geriatric approach to the treatment of senile patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Nekoval V. M. , Efetov S. K. , Tsarkov P. V.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The lack of consensus guidelines for the treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) in senile patients, the high incidence of early postoperative complications after radical surgery caused the search for the most optimal approach to the management of this category of patients.

The aim is to introduce a geriatric approach to the treatment of colorectal cancer in senile patients, reduce the incidence of Clavien–Dindo grade 4 early postoperative complications.

Materials and methods. 190 senile patients who underwent radical surgery with D3 lymphadenectomy with stage II and III colorectal cancer were enrolled in the study. They were divided into two groups: the control group included 100 patients who underwent standard treatment, the study group included 90 patients, to whom the geriatric approach with a comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and subsequent pre-rehabilitation was applied. A comparative intergroup analysis was performed on the basis of obtained data.

Results. The study group differed from the control group in higher polymorbidity and high operational and anesthetic risk (p <0.001). Implementation of geriatric pre-rehabilitation with due account for CGA results and correction of polymorbidity improved chances of providing surgical care using laparoscopic and robotic technologies. The frequency of intraoperative blood transfusion and prolonged mechanical ventilation in the study group was reduced (p <0.001 and p = 0.009, respectively). Predictors that increase the chances of developing acute postoperative myocardial infarction were identified. They included the patient’s male gender (p = 0.004), redo surgery after development of early postoperative complications (p = 0.043), prolonged mechanical ventilation (p = 0.052), increased length of stay in the intensive care unit (p = 0.011), and comorbidity (p = 0.022). The introduction of the geriatric approach made it possible to reduce the risk of postoperative myocardial infarction by 17.86 times (p = 0.007).

Conclusion. The geriatric approach to the senile patients with colorectal cancer makes it possible to expand the indications for radical treatment in severe polymorbidity and senile asthenia, as well as to reduce the incidence of early postoperative complications.
Triggers and markers of skin aging in women with menopausal syndrome
Authors: Mamontova A. G. , Usoltseva E. N. , Pisklakova T. P. , Lepikhina E. M. , Nikushkina K. V.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. External manifestations of aging, and especially skin aging are the most important for modern women.

Aim. The aim of our study was to identify a set of adverse factors that effect on the skin of women in menopausal transition (MP) and in postmenopause (PM), and to identify markers of skin aging in this category of women.

Materials and methods. The study included 36 women in MP and PM suffering from MS. At the first stage, anamnesis was collected, anthropometric data and severity of MS were evaluated, and the hormonal profile of patients was determined. At the second stage, computer mapping of the skin was performed using the digital video camera Aramo SG with the skin XPpro program. Statistic analysis was performed using the SPSS v13.0 program. Spearman’s analysis was used to determine the relationship between anthropometric, clinical and anamnestic data and the measurements of skin condition of women in MP and PM. Results. According to the obtained data, the main triggers of skin aging of women in MP and PM are: the presence of metabolic disorders (obesity, metabolic syndrome), decrease of estradiol and progesterone levels in blood serum as well as increase of prolactin level and rhythm disturbance of melatonin secretion. Markers of skin aging in women with menopausal syndrome are decreased moisture, increased oiliness in T-zone, increased of skin pigmentation and enlarged pore size.

Conclusions. The obtained data are useful for management involuting skin changes of women in PM and MP suffering from MS. The data justifies the relevancy to normalization not only the estradiol level, but other sex steroids, melatonin, as well as correction of metabolic endocrine processes, and treatment of MS.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Effect on Lipase-Catalyzed Geranyl Acetate Synthesis
Authors: Tavares Matheus , Kanda Luís , Giacomin Júnior Wanderson , Ramos Luiz , Vandenberghe Luciana , Corazza Marcos
Published: January 2022

This work provides a general insight on lipase-catalyzed synthesis of geranyl acetate through esterification of geraniol with acetic acid. Although this reaction is relatively well known, the replacement of organic solvents by supercritical fluids is fairly recent and the role of CO2 is still not completely understood. Therefore, reactions were performed with Lipozyme® RM IM and Novozym® 435 as biocatalysts, and hexane and CO2 as solvents. For similar reaction conditions, geraniol conversions obtained using hexane were much higher, rather than supercritical CO2 (scCO2, 82.9% versus 12.0% after 4 h). The results obtained indicated that CO2 might help the migration of water from the enzyme surface to reaction bulk and then to the vapor phase. Thus, by increasing the vapor phase extension, the geraniol conversion enhanced to 60.5% after 4 h. Such improvement represents one step forward to comprehend the influence of CO2, a safer and greener solvent as compared to hexane.
Application of alternative carriers without protected surface in moving bed biofilm reactor for domestic wastewater treatment
Authors: Freitas Bruno de Oliveira , Leite Luan de Souza , Hoffmann Maria Teresa , Lamon Antonio Wagner , Daniel Luiz Antonio
Published: January 2022

Biological reactors with immobilized biomass on free carriers have provided new perspectives for wastewater treatment, once they reduce the system size and increase the treatment capacity. In this study, the performance of three Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (MBBRs) using different carriers (with and without protected surface area) were evaluated for domestic wastewater treatment in continuous flow. Each MBBR (i.e., R1, R2, and R3) was filled at a ratio of 50% with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) carriers with different characteristics: both R1-K1 and R2-Corrugated tube with protected surface and R3-HDPE flakes without protected surface. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 80 ± 5.0, 80 ± 3.5, and 78 ± 2.4% was achieved by R1, R2, and R3, respectively. The oxygen uptake by biofilm attached on the carriers was 0.0079 ± 0.0013, 0.0033 ± 0.0015, and 0.0031 ± 0.0026 μg DO·mm−2 for the K1, corrugated tube, and HDPE flakes, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the performance of the three MBBRs in terms of physico-chemical parameters (alkalinity, pH, and dissolved inorganic carbon) and COD removal. Results showed that the carrier type and its characteristics (total area and with/without protected area) did not affect the organic matter removal. Thus, the carrier without a protected surface in MBBR could be a promising low-cost option for domestic wastewater treatment.
CALIDAD MORFOLÓGICA Y BIOLÓGICA DE Pinus radiata D. Don, MICORRIZADO CON Scleroderma verrucosum (Vaill) Pers. Y Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. & Nordh. EN CONDICIONES DE VIVERO
Authors: Rodríguez-Carrillo Marco , Santillana Nery
Published: January 2022

Se evaluó el efecto de Scleroderma verrucosum (Vaill) Pers y Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. & Nordh. sobre la calidad morfológica y biológica de plantas de Pinus radiata D. Don en vivero en Vilcashuamán, Ayacucho, Perú. Tratamientos: (1) Micorrización con Scleroderma verrucosum, (2) Micorrización con Rhizopogon luteolus, (3) Mezcla de ambos hongos y (4) Control, en un diseño completamente al azar con 10 repeticiones por tratamiento. Los hongos provinieron de bosques de Pinus radiata y Eucalyptus globulus de la localidad. La inoculación se realizó en el repique a los 30 días de siembra y la evaluación a los 7.5 meses después del repique. Los pinos micorrizados superaron con diferencias significativas al control en todas las variables. En el diámetro del cuello y materia seca de la parte aérea de los inoculados no presentaron diferencias significativas; sin embargo, en altura, materia seca de la raíz y materia seca total destacó el tratamiento Mezcla. En la calidad biológica se observó mayor número de micorrizas en los inoculados, con diferencias significativas frente al control sin micorrizar. Se evidenció mayor porcentaje de micorrizas monopodiales (91%) en relación a los dicotómicos (8.5%) y coraloides (0.6%). Se determinaron relaciones positivas significativas entre las variables morfológicas, pero éstas sobre P. radiata presentaron asociaciones no significativas con el número de micorrizas. El uso individual y en mezcla de hongos ectomicorrízicos silvestres incrementó la calidad morfológica y biológica de P. radiata, por ello se recomienda la aplicación de estos hongos para la producción de plántulas en viveros de Vilcashuamán y otras zonas altoandinas.
La metodología indagatoria como herramienta para el desarrollo de habilidades científicas en niños del nivel inicial
Authors: Matos Miraval Edith Ivercia , Serrano Berdejo Verónica Isabel , Espinoza Villanueva Luis Enrique , Otoya Barreneche Jose Antonio
Published: January 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la eficiencia de un proyecto de aprendizaje de 10 sesiones basado en la metodología indagatoria para desarrollar las habilidades científicas en los niños de 4 años, aula naranja de la institución educativa inicial N° 005-San Diego, durante el año 2019. Para lograr se diseñó una investigación del tipo cuasiexperimental de corte longitudinal y paradigma cuantitativo.  El grupo de aplicación sobre en el que se trabajó consistió en un aula de 23 alumnos del nivel dado a los cuales se les aplico 10 sesiones durante el primer semestre del año escolar 2019, dentro del programa regular correspondiente al curso de Ciencia y Tecnología acorde al currículo oficial. Para medir la eficiencia del proyecto, se aplicó pruebas de entrada y salida en cada sesión de aprendizaje. Los resultados muestran que las sesiones de aprendizaje mostraron diferentes eficiencias en el aprendizaje de los niños, pero con una tendencia positiva. Si bien la primera sesión no muestra diferencias significativas en los resultados de entrada y salida, a partir de la segunda se observan diferencias significativas crecientes. El análisis del promedio de las 10 pruebas, muestra con un P-valor de 0.02 que el proyecto es eficiente en el desarrollo de las habilidades científicas de los niños evaluados y puede ser replicado en otros grupos similares. Se recomienda futuras investigaciones que incluyan un grupo de control para enriquecer el conocimiento de la aplicación de esta metodología.
LA TEORÍA DE LA JUSTICIA EN ARISTÓTELES
Authors: Icochea Rodríguez Gabriel
Published: January 2022

El presente trabajo es un examen de cada uno de los significados empleados por Aristóteles para definir el término justicia en el  libro V de la Ética a Nicómaco. Esta taxonomía tiene implicaciones políticas. La justicia constituye una virtud que se coloca por encima de las demás virtudes. A diferencia de las otras que tienen que ver con la vida buena y con su finalidad, la felicidad, la justicia es una virtud no vinculada a uno mismo sino a los demás. Este carácter relacional explica su condición un tanto ambigua. La ubica en un punto que es, al mismo tiempo, un intermedio entre la vida buena y el bien común, o más bien, entre la ética y la política. Corresponde al presente texto el propósito de esclarecer los términos y las aplica- ciones. Se analizan, por tanto, las diferencias entre ley (nomos) y  justicia (dikaios- yne); los significados de distribución y corrección y lo relativo al intercambio y a la moneda como condiciones indispensables de la socialización.
Las metáforas de los analistas políticos y diplomáticos desde la perspectiva cognitiva
Authors: Escobar Zapata Emérita
Published: January 2022

En la presente investigación nos ponemos hacer un estudio de las expresiones metafóricas escuchadas y creadas en el entorno de los políticos y diplomáticos, a raiz de los hechos ocurridos en 11 de setiembre del 2011 (11-S), cuya resposabilidad recayó sobre el grupo terrorista Al-Qaeda.
La Hermenéutica narrativa y ritual del Mythos como potencial de sentido del homo religiosus
Authors: Caballero Bernabé José Fredy
Published: January 2022

El sujeto moderno supuestamente secularizado es en realidad un sujeto religios. El discurso de la ciencia positivista y su afán por agotar la explicaión de la realidad no lo ha satisfecho y él por su parte no ha cesado en su afán por descubrir el carácter trascendente de los elementos aparentemente más profanos de su mundo. Para poder hacer esta cosmovisión u ordenamiento del caos y dispersión de los elementos de ese mundo percibido como neutral y fragmentado, el sujeto recurre a mythos, un reurso hermenéutico para interpretarlo, sin pretenciones racionalistas sino puramente simbólicas, y sirviéndose del rito y la narración, muestra para sí mismo y lo otros la totalidad del sentido que radica en el momento genético de la existencia. Este ejercicio hermenéutico se convierte, de este modo, en una actitud ética de responsabilización, donde la última palabra interpretativa delmundo no esta en la vaciedad cotidiana sino en el espacio sagrado del origen. Recurriremos a Eliade y Ricoeur para demostrarlo.
Characterization of the High Swelling Green Clay in the Vicinity of Amman Area
Authors: Abdel Hadi Monther , Khliefat Ibrahim , Abdelhadi Nafeth , Saada Nidhal
Published: January 2022

Introduction:

Jordan is awarded huge areas in the north and western part of the country in which brown and green clay is dominant. This research focuses on the problems and behaviour of the green clay only. The main problem of the green clay is its high swelling pressure which is the main cause of excessive settlement and wall cracks in buildings, especially during the wet season.

Methods:

This study aims to investigate the engineering properties and behaviour of the green clay deposits in the Amman area, which will serve as a guide for both geotechnical and structural engineers when preparing the foundation design.

Results:

Based on the consolidation test, the investigated green clay showed high swelling pressure of 3.11 kg/cm2, liquid limit (LL) of 73%, plasticity index (PI) of 40%, the shrinkage limit (SL) of 12%, and liquidity index (LI) of 0.125. The moisture content at saturation is 35.14%, while the natural moisture content is 28%, dry density is 1407 kg/m3, cohesion (C) is 0.20 kg/cm2 and unconfined compressive strength is 1.05 kg/cm2. The XRD results of the clay size fraction have confirmed the presence of the expansive clay mineral smectite as the essential clay mineral together with kaolinite. Results provide a general understanding of the behaviour and properties of the green clay, and the regression analysis showed good correlations between the liquid limit and initial moisture content with the compression index and also between the initial void ratios with the swelling index.

Conclusion:

Changes in the volume are due to the unsaturation level of clay when provided with initial water content.
Increasing Value of Façade at Green Hotel Building Based on Value Engineering
Authors: Husin Albert Eddy , Karolina Tenni , Rahmawati Diah Ika , Abdillah Chandra Fany
Published: January 2022

Background:

Of a total of 180 countries in the world, Indonesia is ranked 116th in the EPI ranking. This paper describes the innovative design of a high-rise hotel building that carries a green building concept. which utilizes the outer wall area of the hotel building as an object in this study.

Objective:

The main design of this project is the creation of an innovative high-rise hotel building with attention to architectural, structural, and lighting system aspects as well as energy efficiency from direct sunlight, which will be processed into a source of electrical energy.

Materials and Methods:

Application of analysis through value engineering case studies and application of green building methods, with qualitative methods. This paper focuses on factors related to energy sources and environmental sustainability and calculates life cycle costs concerning case study designs. The goal is to reduce the use of electrical energy sources from PLN which have an impact on nature preservation, by carrying out the concept of environmentally friendly buildings, by utilizing the facade wall area with the application of Photovoltaic.

Results:

The results obtained a percentage of ≤ 6.21%, with the use of Photovoltaic material as much as 100%.

Conclusion:

The facades (east and west) generate ± 1,050 KVA of electricity from the Solar Power Plant and reduce the use of electricity from PLN by 991 KVA, out of a total of 2,041 KVA. It can be concluded that the decrease obtained is 47.32%.
Diagnosis and Management Approaches for Non-cavitated Carious Dental Lesions- A Narrative Review
Authors: AlShaya Mohammad S. , Sabbagh Heba J. , El-Housseiny Azza A.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases. Its detection and management should start with a comprehensive treatment plan, with the goals of the elimination of cariogenic bacteria, the reduction of plaque acidogenicity, the encouragement of tooth remineralization, and the repair of damaged teeth.

Objectives:

The aim of this paper was to review the literature regarding the latest updates on the diagnosis and management approaches of non-cavitated carious dental lesions.

Methods:

Studies regarding the diagnosis and management of non-cavitated carious dental lesions were included.

Results:

The subclinical non-cavitated carious lesion might progress to an early enamel lesion, develop into an established dentin lesion, or sometimes end up with a lesion reaching the pulp. The detection and management of caries should be patient-centered, risk-based, and evidence-supported, and should consider the dentists’ expertise and the patients’ needs and preferences. The visual-tactile and radiographic detection of non-cavitated carious lesions are greatly helped by the advances of non-invasive detection tools such as DIAGNOdent, fiber-optic transillumination, quantitative light-induced fluorescence, and DIAGNOcam.

Conclusion:

Accordingly, non-cavitated carious lesions can be arrested by several non-invasive techniques, which are preferred over the invasive options. The clinicians can use sealants plus fluoride varnish on occlusal surfaces, fluoride varnish or resin infiltration on proximal surfaces, and resin infiltration,fluoride gel, or varnish alone on facial or lingual surfaces to manage non-cavitated carious lesions.
Dental-Facial Midline: An Esthetic Based Classification
Authors: Niraula Nischal , Acharya Reecha , Humagain Manoj , Khurshid Zohaib , Adanir Necdet , Rokaya Dinesh
Published: January 2022

Background:

The facial midline and dental midline play an important role in facial esthetics, cosmetic dentistry, facial plastic surgery, and anthropologic studies.

Objective:

This study studied the dental-facial midline in Nepalese subjects and to classify the midline.

Methods:

The study was conducted in 150 Nepalese subjects, mostly consisting of University students (80 males and 70 females). After obtaining ethical approval, facial and dental midlines were analyzed using a scale.

Results:

It showed 26 (18%) study subjects showed the coincidence of the facial midline with the maxillary and mandibular dental midlines. It showed that only 44 (30%) subjects showed the coincidence of facial midline with only maxillary dental midline, and 26 (17%) subjects showed the facial midline coincidence with only mandibular dental midline. The dental midline discrepancy was more prevalent in the maxillary arch and more prevalent on the right side. Midline discrepancy is seen more in males compared to females. The majority of the deviation showed 1 mm, followed by 2 mm, and 3 mm.

Conclusion:

The coincidence of the facial midline with both the maxillary and mandibular dental midlines is uncommon. Midline discrepancy is seen more in males compared to females. The majority of the subjects show a mild discrepancy of 1 mm. The midline discrepancy was more seen on the right side and in the maxillary arch.
Different Aspects Concerning Viral Infection and the Role of MHC Molecules in Viral Prevention
Authors: Pasharawipas Tirasak
Published: January 2022

Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules play a crucial role in inducing an adaptive immune response. T-cell epitopes require compatible MHC molecules to form MHC-peptide Complexes (pMHC) that activate the T-cell Receptors (TCR) of T-lymphocyte clones. MHCs are polymorphic molecules with wide varieties of gene alleles. There are two classes of MHC molecules, class I and II. Both classes have three classical loci HLA-A, -B, and –C are present in class I and HLA-DP, -DQ, and -DR in class II. To induce a compatible T-lymphocyte clone, the T-cell epitope requires the association of the compatible MHC molecule to form pMHC. Each MHC variant possesses a different groove that is capable of binding a different range of antigenic epitopes. Without the compatible MHC molecule, a T cell clone cannot be activated by a particular viral epitope. With the aim of preventing viral transmission, the efficiency of a viral vaccine is related to the existence of specific MHC alleles in the individual. This article proposes the roles of the MHC molecule to prevent viral infection. In addition, the association of the viral receptor molecule with the viral infection will also be discussed.
If the Price is Right? Cost Analysis of Propofol Infusions and Sevoflurane Anaesthesia in Endoscopic Cases
Authors: Gan Lachlan J. , Sullivan Gavin
Published: January 2022

The environmental superiority of Total Intravenous Anaesthesia (TIVA) compared to inhaled agents has been recognised by ANZCA in a 2019 statement. Yet what about cost? Little current data has been published on this topic. We conducted a cost analysis and audit of propofol use in 71 endoscopy cases (colonoscopy/gastroscopy), taking into account the cost of adjuncts (syringes, tubing, and discarded propofol). We then compared these to calculated costs of the same cases performed with sevoflurane anaesthesia. In terms of the agent, propofol was 35% cheaper, costing $1.60 for an average endoscopy compared to a sevoflurane cost of $2.46. Including the cost of adjuncts (including a laryngeal mask airway for sevoflurane anaesthesia), endoscopy cases with propofol infusions were 80% cheaper than the same case performed under sevoflurane general anaesthesia ($3.08 vs $15.48). Although pricing may vary from hospital to hospital, our data suggests choosing propofol costs less in endoscopy.
Teachers’ perceptions and the implementation of the adapted communicative approach in Libya
Authors: Milad Abdurahman , Rukmini Dwi , Anggani Dwi , Hartono Rudi
Published: January 2022

This study instigates the teachers’ perceptions towards the implementation of the adapted communicative approach to teach English language in Libyan high schools in the city of Khoms. The participants were six teachers of different gender-based high schools. The study followed a pure qualitative method to collect and analyze the date, and the data were collected using an open-ended questionnaire. The findings reveal that the majority of English language teachers in Libyan high schools in Khoms city have positively perceived the implementation of the communicative approach (CA) to teach English language in their high schools’ contexts. They agreed to the majority of the questionnaire’s items such as: the CA emphasizes the communication in the target language and emphasizes that the learners need meaningful communication. All the participants said that they modify the principles of the communicative approach to meet the students’ needs and goals and most of them have agreed that the allocated time is not enough to complete the lesson in the classroom. This study draws out the pedagogical implication that the implementation of the adapted CA to teach English language in high schools in Libya can be quite adaptable, especially when the teachers have to fulfil the students’ needs.
The Effect of Rural Development on Poverty Gap, Poverty Severity and Local Economic Growth in Indonesia
Authors: Handoyo Felix , Hidayatina Achsanah , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: January 2022

The effect of rural development in reducing the poverty gap and economic growth has not been much analyzed in recent studies. This study examines the effects of rural development (as calculated by using the Village Development Index, VDI) on poverty and economic growth. Precisely, poverty is measured by the depth of poverty (as measured by Poverty Gap Index, P1) and poverty severity (as measured by Poverty Severity Index, P2) using the aggregate data at the district level in Indonesia. Understandably, many factors influence the effort to reduce the poverty gap in rural areas, and it can be started by improving rural economic development. The result of this study indicates that regions with the VDI categorized as “self-sufficient” and “developed” villages have the potential to reduce the depth of poverty and poverty severity in its areas and to increase economic growth. In contrast, underdeveloped and very underdeveloped regions in their VDI category experienced a more significant gap in the depth and severity of the poverty. This result implies that the Indonesian government must accelerate and improve the development of rural areas, especially in less developed regions. Thus, a better rural development status will attract more opportunities to grow rural economic activities and improve the community welfare.
Regional Government Service Innovation Model in Disaster Mitigation
Authors: Herlina Maria , Sipahutar Hotnier , Wardani Dyah , Sulistyono Djoko , Pribadi Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Indonesia has a geographical, geological, hydrological, and demographic situation prone to disasters with a relatively high frequency, thus requiring systematic, integrated, and coordinated disaster management. The disasters that occurred until 2020 were dominated by hydro-meteorological natural disasters such as floods, landslides, hurricanes, droughts to forests, and land fires (BNPB, 2021). The purpose of this study is to identify innovation models for regional government services in disaster mitigation. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques, namely literature studies, FGDs, and interviews with related disaster mitigation innovations at the research location. The field findings illustrate that the SDIS innovation implemented by Sleman Regency is among the best innovations in handling volcanic eruptions. This innovation has been initiated since 2016 and continues to be refined. In the city of Semarang, specifically for flood disasters, the Early Warning System tool was installed at several points as the best innovation in flood management. However, difficulties were installing it at certain points due to geographical contours that were impossible. Meanwhile, for Sumedang Regency, their innovation through the SITABAH application still needs further development to become the best innovation in landslide mitigation due to limitations in infrastructure and human resources. In addition, the application is still one-way. Of the three disaster mitigation innovation models, the SDIS innovation is an innovation that has been successfully implemented by the Regional Disaster Management Agency of Sleman Regency. Especially on the "My distance and Merapi" feature, which can be accessed online, this innovation model can be replicated in other areas.