bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
People in suits: a case study of empowerment and control in a non-profit UK organisation
Authors: Corduneanu Roxana , Lebec Laura
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Drawing on Simons's levers of control (LoC) framework, the primary aim of this study is to advance an understanding of the balance between empowerment and constraint in a non-profit UK organisation. In particular, this study examines the antecedents and manifestations of LoC (im)balance, in relation to employees' level of engagement with the control systems in place.

Design/methodology/approach

For this study, 27 semi-structured interviews were conducted with different organisational members, from directors to non-managerial staff, to gain an in-depth appreciation of the main differences between managerial intentions in the design of management control systems (MCS) and employee perceptions regarding the role of such systems.

Findings

This research reveals that suppression of interactive systems and internal inconsistencies between different types of controls hinder the balance between empowerment and constraint. This imbalance is then found to have important consequences for employee buy-in, in some cases, defeating the purposes of control.

Research limitations/implications

This study enhances our understanding of the gap between the design of control systems and the employee perceptions of it in an unusual organisational setting (non-profit and bringing together clinical and non-clinical staff and operations).

Originality/value

The study of MCS and its role in organisations has long been the focus of both academic and practitioner research. Yet, while extant literature focused on management's perspective on MCS, few studies have explored employees' attitudes and behaviours that accompany the implementation of control. What is more, little is known about the specific uses and behavioural outcomes of MCS in the context of non-profit organisations. Drawing on Simons's LoC framework, this paper addresses these gaps in the literature and investigates the balance between control and empowerment of employees in a UK non-profit organisation with significant clinical remit.
Dynamic linkages amongst ecological footprints, fossil fuel energy consumption and globalization: an empirical analysis
Authors: Ibrahiem Dalia M. , Hanafy Shaimaa A.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the dynamic linkages amongst ecological footprints, fossil fuel consumption, real income, globalization and population in Egypt in the period from 1971 to 2014.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods to investigate the long run relationships amongst ecological footprints, economic growth, globalization, fossil fuel energy consumption and population. Moreover, the Toda–Yamamoto approach is conducted to examine the causal relationships between variables.

Findings

Empirical results of FMOLS and DOLS methods show that real income and fossil fuel consumption are responsible for deteriorating the environment, while globalization and population are found to mitigate it. As for Toda–Yamamoto–Granger causal relationship results, unidirectional causal relation from globalization, population and fossil fuel energy consumption to the ecological footprint exists. Moreover, bidirectional causal relation between real income on the one hand and globalization and the ecological footprint on the other hand is found.

Originality/value

Using carbon dioxide emissions has major weakness as carbon dioxide emissions are considered only part of the total environmental deterioration so this study is the first study for Egypt that uses the ecological footprint as an indicator for environmental quality and environmental pollution and links it with globalization, economic growth, population and fossil fuel energy consumption. Moreover, realizing the direction of causality between these variables might help policymakers in designing the policies to promote the shift towards clean energy sources, especially that achieving sustainable economic growth with more contribution to the global economy depending on diversification of energy sources without deteriorating the environment is considered one of the most important objectives of Egypt’s National Vision 2030.
Are you a spy? On the inconveniences of conventional methodology in terror wrap ethnography
Authors: Dawar Asif Iqbal
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explain the significance of contextually localized strategies and to engage researchers in critical reflection about the ethical dilemmas of researching in volatile situations.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on 14 months of research experience, the paper reflects on the challenges and difficulties in qualitative data collection through conventional methodology in dangerous fields.

Findings

The paper argues that conventional methodology and the established codes of ethics and their guidelines certainly provide a useful starting point but each dangerous setting requires different localized approaches whereas ethics need to be considered as a process approach.

Practical implications

This paper not only suggests the significance of “intermittent interview method” and its effectivity but also the importance of “respondent pyramiding” and “mutual confidentiality” in a dangerous field.

Originality/value

The paper reflects on the original 14 months of ethnographic accounts which will add value to the existing literature on qualitative research in dangerously hazardous fields.
Sustainability accounting, management and policy in China: recent developments and future avenues
Authors: Shen Hongtao , Ng Artie W. , Zhang John , Wang Liyan
Published: July 2020

Purpose

This paper aims to reflect on the special issue that has collected studies by the research community in China pertinent to the country’s recent developments in sustainability accounting, management and policy, as well as to suggest possible future avenues of studies.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper articulates the current status of researching sustainability accounting, management and policy in China that is instigated by the country’s regulatory initiatives under its political economy. It highlights the papers accepted for the special issue, their areas of focus and the underlying characteristics.

Findings

It points out that the accepted research papers concentrate on issues related to corporate social responsibility disclosures, sustainability reporting and environmental management in China from the perspectives of the domestic stakeholders.

Research limitations/implications

Future studies are likely to be increasingly interdisciplinary in nature and requires academia, policymakers and practitioners to make better collaborative efforts in researching about China’s sustainability and the efficacy of their engagement with stakeholders.

Practical implications

Studies on alignment between China’s further developments and UN’s sustainable development goals (SDGs) are particularly considered desirable as the country continues its globalization initiatives. Education about sustainability accounting for the working professionals and their next generation is much needed for China in support of developing a more sustainable economy aligned with UN's SDGs.

Social implications

Scholars in China actively developing their research interests in this field reflect critical thinking about the country’s pursuit of sustainable development within a social-political economy that is dissimilar to the West. In the meantime, the country continues to develop into a significant stakeholder of the world’s sustainability implying expectation of transparency in sustainability performance.

Originality/value

With reference to the review exercise conducted for the special issue, it suggests that there are surging interests in researching accountability for sustainability across the local and international communities to facilitate much needed knowledge exchange. The country and indigenous culture of China, as well as its institutions in relation to sustainability, would require much further exploration in our world under globalization.
Cinque Terre, Italy - a case of place branding: from opportunity to problem for tourism
Authors: Vegnuti Roberto
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is the development of the Cinque Terre, a rural and marginal area until the 1960s, to a famous tourism destination and eventually to a place brand that is attracting tourists worldwide. Since the growth of this small area which winds between the see and the mountain has happened in only 50 years, the place has not been able to prevent the tourism crowd, hence, what was a great tourism opportunity has gradually transformed into a problem. The paper explores how this has happened and the initiatives that have been put in place to manage overtourism.

Design/methodology/approach

The case history was examined using economic statistics and territorial marketing methodology, as well as the evolution of the social and economic context. The approach aims to provide a new development perspective with respect to the evolution of the past (past 50 years).

Findings

The great development of Cinque Terre as international tourism destination has created a lot of economic benefits to the local economy but, at the same time, has revealed the other side of the coin. Cinque Terre has reached such a saturation level that risks the transformation of its heritage. Once a rural and shy area between sea and mountain, it has become a mass destination with too many visitors. Actions are under consideration not only to simply cool down tourism flows but also to re-address them, to educate tourism organizations to manage tourism in alternative ways and to better appreciate the beauty of the place.

Originality/value

Over-crowding in tourism, or over-tourism, is a new phenomenon caused by the increased flow of tourists worldwide and by their augmented concentration in locations that are not ready or able to host large numbers of visitors. Cinque Terre represents a topical situation in this respect.
Clinical characteristics, genetics, comorbidities and treatment of palmoplantar pustulosis: A retrospective analysis of 66 cases in a single center in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Chang‐Ming , Tsai Tsen‐Fang
Published: July 2020

We retrospectively analyzed 66 patients with palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) from January 1994 to September 2019 in our department. Interleukin‐36 receptor antagonist gene (IL36RN) intron 3 c.115+6T>C mutation was present in two out of 27 patients (7.4%). Both cases developed generalized pustular psoriasis and/or acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau later. Topical medications and phototherapy were used in 93.9% and 28.8% of patients, respectively, while 60.6% received systemic agents. The majority of patients (60.6%) responded to treatment, but episodes of flare‐up existed. The demographic data of our patients with PPP showed female predominance (59.1%), middle‐age onset (44.2 years old) and current smokers (62.1%). Generalized pustular psoriasis initially presenting as palmoplantar lesions may be misdiagnosed as PPP, and the presence of IL36RN mutation may serve to predict or confirm the diagnosis of future generalized pustular psoriasis or acrodermatitis continua of Hallopeau. To our knowledge, this is the largest demographic study of PPP in Taiwan.
Use of proton pump inhibitors and risk of rosacea: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Dai Ying‐Xiu , Tai Ying‐Hsuan , Chen Chih‐Chiang , Chang Yun‐Ting , Chen Tzeng‐Ji , Chen Mu‐Hong
Published: July 2020

Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) are commonly used drugs. However, little is known about the association between PPI use and rosacea. This study aimed to investigate the association between PPI use and rosacea risk. Patients with prior PPI therapy, including 1067 rosacea cases and 4268 matched controls, were identified from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. The cumulative defined daily dose (cDDD) was used to quantify the PPI use. Logistic regression was used for the analyses. After adjustment for potential confounders, PPI use with cDDD of more than 365 was significantly associated with an increased risk of rosacea (odds ratio [OR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10–2.15). Rosacea risk was significantly associated with PPI use of cDDD of more than 365 in women (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.08–2.46) but not in men. Stratified by PPI indications, risk of rosacea was significantly associated with PPI use of cDDD of more than 365 for peptic ulcer (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.12–2.21). In conclusion, prolonged PPI use was associated with an increased risk of rosacea, particularly in women and patients with peptic ulcers.
High rates of carbon and dinitrogen fixation suggest a critical role of benthic pioneer communities in the energy and nutrient dynamics of coral reefs
Authors: Roth Florian , Karcher Denis B. , Rädecker Nils , Hohn Sönke , Carvalho Susana , Thomson Timothy , Saalmann Franziska , Voolstra Christian R. , Kürten Benjamin , Struck Ulrich , Jones Burton H. , Wild Christian
Published: July 2020

Following coral mortality in tropical reefs, pioneer communities dominated by filamentous and crustose algae efficiently colonize substrates previously occupied by coral tissue. This phenomenon is particularly common after mass coral mortality following prolonged bleaching events associated with marine heatwaves.

Pioneer communities play an important role for the biological succession and reorganization of reefs after disturbance. However, their significance for critical ecosystem functions previously mediated by corals, such as the efficient cycling of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) within the reef, remains uncertain.

We used 96 carbonate tiles to simulate the occurrence of bare substrates after disturbance in a coral reef of the central Red Sea. We measured rates of C and dinitrogen (N2) fixation of pioneer communities on these tiles monthly over an entire year. Coupled with elemental and stable isotope analyses, these measurements provide insights into macronutrient acquisition, export and the influence of seasonality.

Pioneer communities exhibited high rates of C and N2 fixation within 4–8 weeks after the introduction of experimental bare substrates. Ranging from 13 to 25 μmol C cm−2 day−1 and 8 to 54 nmol N cm−2 day−1, respectively, C and N2 fixation rates were comparable to reported values for established Red Sea coral reefs. This similarity indicates that pioneer communities may quickly compensate for the loss of benthic productivity by corals. Notably, between 40% and 85% of fixed organic C was exported into the environment, constituting a vital source of energy for the coral reef food web.

Our findings suggest that benthic pioneer communities may play a crucial, yet overlooked role in the C and N dynamics of oligotrophic coral reefs by contributing to the input of new C and N after coral mortality. While not substituting other critical ecosystem functions provided by corals (e.g. structural habitat complexity and coastal protection), pioneer communities likely contribute to maintaining coral reef nutrient cycling through the accumulation of biomass and import of macronutrients following coral loss.

A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Implementation of routine first trimester combined screening for pre‐eclampsia: a clinical effectiveness study
Authors: Guy GP , Leslie K , Diaz Gomez D , Forenc K , Buck E , Khalil A , Thilaganathan B
Published: July 2020

Objective

Evaluate clinical effectiveness of the first trimester combined (FMF) pre‐eclampsia screening programme when implemented in a public healthcare setting.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

London tertiary hospital from January 2017 to March 2019.

Methods

7720 women screened for pre‐eclampsia according to National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) risk‐based guidance and 4841 by the Fetal Medical Foundation (FMF) algorithm which combined maternal risk factors, blood pressure, PAPP‐A and uterine artery Doppler indices in the first trimester. High risk was defined by standard NICE criteria in the pre‐intervention cohort (prescribed 75 mg aspirin) or a risk of ≥1:50 for preterm pre‐eclampsia from the FMF algorithm in the post‐intervention cohort (prescribed 150 mg aspirin).

Main outcome measures

Screening effectiveness, rates of pre‐eclampsia.

Results

The FMF screening programme resulted in a significant reduction in the screen‐positive rate (16.1 versus 8.2%, odds ratio [OR] 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.41–0.53) with a concurrent increase in targeted aspirin use in women classified as high risk for pre‐eclampsia (28.9 versus 99.0%, OR 241.6, 95% CI 89.6–652.0). Screening indices were uniformly improved for the FMF algorithm with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrating excellent discrimination for preterm pre‐eclampsia (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.846, 95% CI 0.778–0.915, P value <.001). Interrupted time series analysis showed that the FMF screening programme resulted in a significant 21‐month relative effect reduction of 80% (P = .025) and 89% (P = .017), for preterm and early pre‐eclampsia, respectively.

Conclusions

First trimester combined screening for pre‐eclampsia is both feasible and effective in a public healthcare setting. Such an approach results in a two‐fold de‐escalation of risk, doubling of pre‐eclampsia detection, near total physician compliance of aspirin use and a significant reduction in the prevalence of preterm pre‐eclampsia.

Tweetable abstract

Implementation of 1st trimester combined pre‐eclampsia screening effectively reduces prevalence of the disorder.
Relationship between structure and efficacy of sea cucumber saponins echinoside A and its derivatives on hemolytic activity and prevention of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Li Rong , Han Xiuqing , Chu Yanyan , Wang Chengcheng , Chi Naiqiu , Dong Ping , Li Zhaojie , Xue Changhu , Wang Yuming
Published: July 2020

The hemolytic property discourages the development of sea cucumber saponins on alleviating lipids metabolism disturbance. The hemolytic activity of saponins has been reported to be highly correlative to their chemical structures. The aim of this study was to reduce the hemolytic activity of sea cucumber‐derived saponins echinoside A (EA) and simultaneously remain its effect on alleviating non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by structural modifications. Administration with EA and its derivatives for 8 weeks remarkably mitigated orotic acid‐induced NAFLD via inhibiting the activities and mRNA expressions of enzymes involved in lipogenesis, enhancing the activities and expressions of enzymes related to hepatic lipolysis in a rat model. Importantly, aglycone exhibited a distinct advantage in stimulating hepatic lipolysis compared with EA and dsEA, meanwhile possessed lowest hemolytic activity. This study may provide the theoretical basis to strengthen the application of sea cucumber saponins as food supplements and/or functional ingredients.
Cruising Dystopia in Gulliver's Travels
Authors: Coykendall Abby
Published: July 2020

This article places the curiously unqueer, because largely uncrip, reparative ethos of José Esteban Muñoz's Cruising Utopia in dialogue with the dystopian affect and aesthetic of Gulliver's Travels. To appreciate the queer dynamics of Swift's novel, we must adopt a suitably Swiftian stance: affirming the unbecoming, and decidedly crip, sensibility of the satire. Indeed, the novel's enablingly disabling ‘disability aesthetic’ helps controvert the continuing misimpression of queerness as perennially new: as at best materialised as fetish, a literally utopian ‘nowhere’ through which one may cruise, au flâneur, but never truly alight upon, muddy oneself within or, above all, linger in.
Lipiodol hysterosalpingogram: A modified HSG technique to minimize risks associated with lipiodol use
Authors: Peart Jane Michele , Sim Robert
Published: July 2020

Assessment of tubal patency and therapeutic tubal flushing using Lipiodol, an oil‐soluble contrast media (OSCM), has been shown to enhance fertility, resulting in increased interest in the use of Lipiodol. A modified hysterosalpingogram (HSG) technique, including a supplementary ultrasound with the contrast in situ, is recommended when using Lipiodol, taking into account both safety issues and technical challenges specific to Lipiodol.
The Nurse–Patient Outcome Content Validation Method
Authors: da Costa Ferreira Natany , Moorhead Sue , de Cassia Gengo e Silva Butcher Rita
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE

To describe a new method of validating nursing outcomes and indicators that incorporates nurses’ and patients’ perspectives.

METHODS

The Nurse–Patient Outcome Content Validation Method was developed in light of the experience of conducting the content validation of the nursing outcome Knowledge: Heart Failure Management (1835). It was developed based on Fehring's content validation model used for the validation of NANDA International nursing diagnoses. It expands the concept of who is an expert in the validation of nursing outcomes.

FINDINGS

The Nurse–Patient Outcome Content Validation Method is a new method in which the concept of experts is expanded to gather patients’ as well as healthcare professionals’ perspectives on the importance of indicators to measure an outcome. Based on the importance ratios, the indicators are grouped into three categories: critical, supplemental, or unnecessary. To validate the outcome, importance ratios of critical and supplemental indicators are summed and divided by the total number of the indicators to calculate the outcome content validity (OCV) score of the nursing outcome.

CONCLUSION

The Nurse–Patient Outcome Content Validation Method is a new method of content validation of nursing outcome and indicators that incorporates the patient perspective.

IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE

The Nurse–Patient Outcome Content Validation Method provides a mechanism to include nurses’ and patients’ perspectives to content validity research of nursing outcomes. It supports patient empowerment since the patient is viewed as an expert regarding the experience of living and managing his/her clinical condition.
Differential cell proliferation and differentiation in developing and growing claws of turtles and alligator determine their shape
Authors: Alibardi Lorenzo
Published: July 2020

Differential cell proliferation and differentiation in developing and growing claws of turtles and alligator determine their shape. Acta Zoologica (Stockolm). Morphogenesis and cell proliferation in claws of turtle and alligator have been analysed by immunolabelling and thymidine autoradiography. Proliferating cells are randomly distributed in the epidermis and mesenchyme at the tip of forming digits. Developing claws elongate with a dorsal curvature forming the unguis. Numerous proliferating keratinocytes are present in the unguis at 4 hr–1 day after injection of 5BrdU or by PCNA detection. Their size increases before being incorporated into the ungueal corneous layer. Immunolabelling at 3–6 days post‐injection of 5BrdU indicates that proliferating keratinocytes move towards the tip of the claw giving rise to the claw pad. The ventral side of the claw termed sub‐unguis shows a lower proliferation that expands the surface and produces thin corneocytes that are desquamated. Autoradiography and immunolabelling indicates that proliferating cells of growing turtle claws are present along most of the germinal epidermis 7 hr–1 day after injection of tritiated thymidine or 5BrdU. Low labelled corneocytes incorporated into the corneous layer are detected at 6–12 days post‐injection, generally localized towards the tip of the claw, indicating they have migrated distally. The study confirms that claws of reptiles have an extended proliferative zone instead of a localized proximal germinal matrix as in mammalian claws.
Effects of psychotherapy on comorbid bipolar disorder and substance use disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Crowe Marie , Eggleston Kate , Douglas Katie , Porter Richard J.
Published: July 2020

Objectives

This review aim was to examine whether psychotherapy is more or less effective in patients with SUD, compared to those without; whether there is a differential effect of a particular psychotherapy in patients with SUD.

Methods

A quantitative systematic review following the Cochrane Handbook of Systematic Reviews was used.

Results

Five studies of psychotherapy for BD and two studies of an integrated psychotherapy for comorbid BD and SUD were included in the review. Five studies provided a sub‐analysis of the effect of SUD on overall outcomes with only one finding an overall detrimental effect. The results indicated equal, if not better outcomes for individuals with comorbid BD and SUD.

Conclusion

There was little evidence that interventions targeted at both BD and SUD may be more efficacious. Further research in to psychotherapeutic treatment for BD should include individuals with comorbid SUD, and analyse substance use as an outcome. Additionally, research into treatments specifically developed for these commonly comorbid disorders is indicated.
Evolution of a mixed siliciclastic‐carbonate deep‐marine system on an unstable margin: The Cretaceous of the Eastern Greater Caucasus, Azerbaijan
Authors: Cumberpatch Zoë A. , Soutter Euan L. , Kane Ian A. , Casson Max , Vincent Stephen J.
Published: July 2020

Mixed siliciclastic‐carbonate deep‐marine systems (mixed systems) are less documented in the geological record than pure siliciclastic systems. The similarities and differences between these systems are, therefore, poorly understood. A well‐exposed Late Cretaceous mixed system on the northern side of the Eastern Greater Caucasus, Azerbaijan, provides an opportunity to study the interaction between contemporaneous siliciclastic and carbonate deep‐marine deposition. Facies analysis reveals a Cenomanian–early Turonian siliciclastic submarine channel complex that abruptly transitions into a Mid Turonian–Maastrichtian mixed lobe‐dominated succession. The channels are entrenched in lows on the palaeo‐seafloor but are absent 10 km towards the west where an Early Cretaceous submarine landslide complex acted as a topographic barrier to deposition. By the Campanian, this topography was largely healed allowing extensive deposition of the mixed lobe‐dominated succession. Evidence for irregular bathymetry is recorded by opposing palaeoflow indicators and frequent submarine landslides. The overall sequence is interpreted to represent the abrupt transition from Cenomanian–early Turonian siliciclastic progradation to c. Mid Turonian retrogradation, followed by a gradual return to progradation in the Santonian–Maastrichtian. The siliciclastic systems periodically punctuate a more widely extensive calcareous system from the Mid Turonian onwards, resulting in a mixed deep‐marine system. Mixed lobes differ from their siliciclastic counterparts in that they contain both siliciclastic and calcareous depositional elements making determining distal and proximal environments challenging using conventional terminology and complicate palaeogeographic interpretations. Modulation and remobilisation also occur between the two contemporaneous systems making stacking patterns difficult to decipher. The results provide insight into the behaviour of multiple contemporaneous deep‐marine fans, an aspect that is challenging to decipher in non‐mixed systems. The study area is comparable in terms of facies, architectures and the presence of widespread instability to offshore The Gambia, NW Africa, and could form a suitable analogue for mixed deep‐marine systems observed elsewhere.
Burial dolomitization driven by modified seawater and basal aquifer‐sourced brines: Insights from the Middle and Upper Devonian of the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin
Authors: Stacey Jack , Hollis Cathy , Corlett Hilary , Koeshidayatullah Ardiansyah
Published: July 2020

Dolomitization in the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin has been extensively researched, producing vast geochemical datasets. This provides a unique opportunity to assess the regional sources and flux of dolomitizing fluids on a larger scale than previous studies. A meta‐analysis was conducted on stable isotope, strontium isotope (87Sr/86Sr), fluid inclusion and lithium‐rich formation water data published over 30 years, with new petrographic, X‐ray diffraction, stable isotope and rare‐earth element (REE+Y) data. The Middle to Upper Devonian Swan Hills Formation, Leduc Formation and Wabamun Group contain replacement dolomite (RD) cross‐cut by stylolites, suggesting replacement dolomitization occurred during shallow burial. Stable isotope, REE+Y and 87Sr/86Sr data indicate RD formed from Devonian seawater, then recrystallized during burial. Apart from the Wabamun Group of the Peace River Arch (PRA), saddle dolomite cement (SDC) is more δ18O(PDB) depleted than RD, and cross‐cuts stylolites, suggesting precipitation during deep burial. SDC 87Sr/86Sr data indicate contributions from 87Sr‐rich basinal brines in the West Shale Basin (WSB) and PRA, and authigenic quartz/albite suggests basinal brines interacted with underlying clastic aquifers before ascending faults into carbonate strata. The absence of quartz/albite within dolomites of the East Shale Basin (ESB) suggests dolomitizing fluids only interacted with carbonate strata. We conclude that replacement dolomitization resulted from connate Devonian seawater circulating through aquifers and faults during shallow burial. SDC precipitated during deep burial from basinal brines sourced from basal carbonates (ESB) and clastic aquifers (WSB, PRA). Lithium‐rich formation waters suggest basinal brines originated as residual evapo‐concentrated Middle Devonian seawater that interacted with basal aquifers and ascended faults during the Antler and Laramide Orogenies. These results corroborate those of previous studies but are verified by new integrated analysis of multiple datasets. New insights emphasize the importance of basal aquifers and residual evapo‐concentrated seawater in dolomitization, which is potentially applicable to other regionally dolomitized basins.
Sustainable achievement efficiency of transport energy consumption based on indicator analysis
Authors: Jiang Jian
Published: July 2020

Energy issue is one of the crucial problems in the corresponding research of sustainability because it is strongly related to the environmental dimension and economic dimension. For evaluating the transport sustainability level for sustainability for regions, the concept of sustainable achievement efficiency in transport energy consumption is initially suggested in this article. And then, on the quantitative analysis to calculate the transport energy achievement efficiency of the regions, the indicators that can represent the achievement of transport energy consumption are convincingly found out by indicator theory. Next, concentration is focused on the transport related indicators and proper indicators are picked up from the candidate indicators, which were the affecting factors to this issue. After that, using the selected indicators, we introduce the method of data envelopment analysis to do quantitative analysis, which helps to get the sustainable achievement efficiency of transport energy among cities all over the world. The analysis result shows the efficient regions and the inefficient regions respectively. Furthermore, the detailed efficiency value of each region is also laid out clearly. Consequently, the achievement efficiency in transport sector can be discussed quantitatively and further policy implications can be suggested for improvement for the inefficient regions to reach high level sustainability.
Prioritising earthquake retrofitting in Wellington, New Zealand
Authors: Hoang Thoa , Noy Ilan , Filippova Olga , Elwood Ken
Published: July 2020

This study describes the application of multi‐criteria decision analysis (MCDA) to prioritise the seismic risk mitigation of existing buildings in earthquake‐prone Wellington, New Zealand. Through retrofitting or demolition, this is an important requirement in many cities around the Pacific Rim and in other high‐level seismic hazard locations. The prioritisation strategy proposed here, based on MCDA methods, can provide decision‐makers with a fast and reliable support tool for identifying the optimal sequencing of their retrofitting programmes. The premise of the MCDA analysis presented in this paper is that there are multiple criteria that determine societal prioritisation preferences; these are limited not just to life safety (often the explicit/exclusive priority of governments) and commercial value (the main concern of many building owners). The study demonstrates how different measures, within four general criteria—life safety and geo‐spatial, economic, and socio‐cultural roles—can be operationalised as a viable framework for establishing intervention policy priorities.
Combination treatments with therapeutic hypothermia for hypoxic‐ischemic neuroprotection
Authors: Zhou Kelly Q , Davidson Joanne O , Bennet Laura , Gunn Alistair J
Published: July 2020

Therapeutic hypothermia is now proven to reduce death or disability in term and near‐term born infants with moderate to severe hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy. Nevertheless, many infants still survive with disability, despite treatment with hypothermia. Recent preclinical and clinical studies suggest that current protocols for therapeutic hypothermia are near‐optimal. The obvious strategy, in addition to improving early initiation of therapeutic hypothermia after birth, is to combine hypothermia with other neuroprotective agents. We review evidence that the mechanisms of action of many promising agents overlap with the anti‐excitotoxic, anti‐apoptotic, and anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of hypothermia, leading to a lack of benefit from combination treatment. Moreover, even apparently beneficial combinations have failed to translate in clinical trials. These considerations highlight the need for preclinical studies to test clinically realistic protocols of timing and duration of treatment, before committing to large randomized controlled trials.
No evidence of modulation of indirect plant resistance of Brassica rapa plants by volatiles from soil‐borne fungi
Authors: Moisan Kay , Lucas‐Barbosa Dani , Villela Alexandre , Greenberg Liana O. , Cordovez Viviane , Raaijmakers Jos M. , Dicke Marcel
Published: July 2020

Upon herbivory, plants emit specific herbivore‐induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that can attract natural enemies of the herbivore thus serving as indirect plant resistance. Not only insect herbivores, but microorganisms may also affect HIPV emission before or after plant colonisation, which in turn can affect behaviour of natural enemies of the herbivore. Yet, it remains elusive whether volatiles from microorganisms influence HIPV emission and indirect plant resistance.

In this study, we investigated whether exposure of Brassica rapa roots to volatiles from soil‐borne fungi influence HIPV emission and the recruitment of natural enemies of Pieris brassicae larvae.

Using a two‐compartment pot system, we performed greenhouse and common‐garden experiments, and we profiled plant HIPV emission.

We found that exposure of plant roots to fungal volatiles did not affect the number of P. brassicae larvae recollected from the plants, suggesting a neutral effect of the fungal volatiles on natural predation. Likewise, in a greenhouse, similar numbers of larvae were parasitised by Cotesia glomerata wasps on control plants as on fungal volatile‐exposed plants. Additionally, chemical analysis of HIPV profiles revealed no qualitative and quantitative differences between control plants and fungal volatile‐exposed plants that were both infested with P. brassicae larvae.

Together, our data indicate that root exposure to fungal volatiles did not affect indirect plant resistance to an insect herbivore. These findings provide new insight into the influence of indirect plant resistance by fungal volatiles that are discussed together with the effects of fungal volatiles on direct plant resistance.
To what extent can multifractal measures provide an accurate model of the porosity of soils?
Authors: Perrier Edith , Baveye Philippe C. , Garnier Patricia
Published: July 2020

Over the last decades, several authors have suggested that multifractal measures, that is, self‐similar measures defined on fractal or non‐fractal objects, could be useful to describe soil properties, to model soil processes, and to deal with their extreme microscale heterogeneity. In this context, a key question relates to the extent to which multifractal measures can indeed fulfill all the expectations they have generated. To address this question, we discuss the possibility of generating a synthetic soil image exhibiting multifractal porosity. To this end, a simple geometrical multifractal model in 2D is developed, which helps us to better understand the concept of multifractality and to generate images. We show that it is possible to generate synthetic binary images over a limited range of scales, but that a pure multifractal model for the distribution of the solid or pore mass cannot be developed due to physical constraints. Moreover, in the generated images mimicking multifractal solid space, a higher degree of multifractality corresponds to a larger porosity, rendering it difficult to tune model parameters to match actual soil properties. In addition, simple statistics relying on power‐law fits appear insufficient to characterize soil architecture even if they may capture some key multiscale indicators of observed spatial heterogeneity. We argue that the same conclusions would be reached in a three‐dimensional space, as well as for grey‐scales images.
Can moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise ameliorate atopic dermatitis?
Authors: Son Wang Kuk , Yoon Wonsuck , Kim Seunghyun , Byeon Jung Hye , Lee Jue Seong , Kim Dasarang , Jaehoon Lim , Chae Yangseok , Yoon Sung Jin , Yoo Young
Published: July 2020

It has been shown that aerobic exercise improves atopic dermatitis (AD), although the mechanism is not clear. Here, we propose a hypothesis that moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise improves AD in a mouse model through modulating allergic inflammation. The DNCB‐treated mouse model for eczema was divided into 3 groups: (a) not subjected to aerobic exercise, (b) subjected to continuous aerobic exercise and (c) subjected to accumulated aerobic exercise. After given exercise using a treadmill device either 30 min/d or 10 min × 3/day at a speed of 16 m/min, for 9 days, respectively, dermatitis symptom score, thickness of epidermis/dermis and eosinophil infiltration were decreased in the 2 exercise groups compared to the sedentary living group. The serum levels of IgE, MCP‐1 and MDC showed a significant decrease both in the continuous or accumulated exercise groups. Moderate‐intensity aerobic exercise ameliorates dermatitis symptoms through immune modulation in the DNCB‐treated mouse model for eczema.
Pitfalls in CALR exon 9 mutation detection: A single‐center experience in 571 positive patients
Authors: Verger Emmanuelle , Maslah Nabih , Schlageter Marie‐Helene , Chomienne Christine , Kiladjian Jean‐Jacques , Giraudier Stephane , Cassinat Bruno
Published: July 2020

Introduction

The pathogenesis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) is closely related to the acquisition of specific molecular alterations in JAK2, MPL, or CALR genes, the presence of which represent major diagnostic criteria in the WHO classification. The CALR exon 9 insertions and deletions are very heterogeneous, and their detection mainly relies on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) fragment length analysis.

Methods

We report on the rare nonclassical profiles that we observed among the 1382 patients analyzed by PCR fragment length analysis. In difficult cases, we tested germline DNA and performed NGS analysis.

Results

We faced some troubling results because of the presence of several unexpected peaks. Our investigations showed that they resulted from a mix of isolated or double somatic mutations combined with germline alterations which could be misleading for a correct diagnosis. The precise interpretation of such difficult cases is mandatory as a misinterpretation could lead to the prescription of cytoreductive drugs to nondiseased persons or to an absence of treatment in true MPN patients.

Conclusion

Our observations showed that every mutation should be verified by direct Sanger sequencing, and we show that sometimes it may be necessary to study germline DNA and to complement with NGS analysis to precisely interpret the molecular alterations.
Mindin serves as a tumour suppressor gene during colon cancer progression through MAPK/ERK signalling pathway in mice
Authors: Cheng Xiao‐Shen , Huo Ya‐Ni , Fan Yan‐Yun , Xiao Chuan‐Xing , Ouyang Xiao‐Mei , Liang Lai‐Ying , Lin Ying , Wu Jian‐Feng , Ren Jian‐Lin , Guleng Bayasi
Published: July 2020

Mindin is important in broad spectrum of immune responses. On the other hand, we previously reported that mindin attenuated human colon cancer development by blocking angiogenesis through Egr‐1–mediated regulation. However, the mice original mindin directly suppressed the syngenic colorectal cancer (CRC) growth in our recent study and we aimed to further define the role of mindin during CRC development in mice. We established the mouse syngeneic CRC CMT93 and CT26 WT cell lines with stable mindin knock‐down or overexpression. These cells were also subcutaneously injected into C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice as well as established a colitis‐associated colorectal cancer (CAC) mouse model treated with lentiviral‐based overexpression and knocked‐down of mindin. Furthermore, we generated mindin knockout mice using a CRISPR‐Cas9 system with CAC model. Our data showed that overexpression of mindin suppressed cell proliferation in both of CMT93 and CT26 WT colon cancer cell lines, while the silencing of mindin promoted in vitro cell proliferation via the ERK and c‐Fos pathways and cell cycle control. Moreover, the overexpression of mindin significantly suppressed in vivo tumour growth in both the subcutaneous transplantation and the AOM/DSS‐induced CAC models. Consistently, the silencing of mindin reversed these in vivo observations. Expectedly, the tumour growth was promoted in the CAC model on mindin‐deficient mice. Thus, mindin plays a direct tumour suppressive function during colon cancer progression and suggesting that mindin might be exploited as a therapeutic target for CRC.
Foraging habitat determines predator–prey size relationships in marine fishes
Authors: Griffiths David
Published: July 2020

Predator–prey size (PPS) relationships are determined by predator behaviour, with the likelihood of prey being eaten dependent on their size relative to that of the consumer. Published PPS relationships for 30 pelagic or benthic marine fish species were analysed using quantile regression to determine how median, lower and upper prey sizes varied with predator size and habitat. Habitat effects on predator foraging activity/mode, morphology, growth and natural mortality are quantified and the effects on PPS relationships explored. Pelagic species are more active, more likely to move by caudal fin propulsion and grow more rapidly but have higher mortality rates than benthic species, where the need for greater manoeuvrability when foraging in more physically complex habitats favours ambush predators using pectoral fin propulsion. Prey size increased with predator size in most species, but pelagic species ate relatively smaller prey than benthic predators. As pelagic predators grew, lower prey size limits changed little, and prey size range increased but median relative prey size declined, whereas the lower limit increased and median relative prey size was constant or increased in benthic species.
Comparison of moderate electric field and conventional marination methods applied to chicken breast muscles
Authors: Moreno Jorge , Mphachoe Pabala , Sáez‐Trautmann Guido , Guerra‐Valle María , Simpson Ricardo , Nuñez Helena
Published: July 2020

This research aimed to compare the effect of the brine‐salting process when applying a moderate electric field (MEF) and during conventional treatment of chicken breast muscles. Chicken breasts were cut into cylindrical shapes, either longitudinally or cross‐section according to muscle fibers, with dimensions of 2 × 3 cm2. Samples were submerged in marinade solutions (salt and polyphosphate‐) at concentrations of 3, 5, and 7% at 4°C for 300 min of processing. The results showed that the mass transfer of chloride and polyphosphate ions was best with the 5% marinade in combination with an MEF, obtaining 0.20 Xcl + by the end of the processing time; for the conventional treatment, the 7% concentration improved the mass transfer of ions in the treated samples compared to that of the other conventionally marinated samples. In terms of the longitudinal cut, the 3% concentration combined with an MEF presented better results than those of the same concentration using the conventional method. However, the 7% and 5% concentrations using conventional treatment exhibited mass transfer values of 0.17Xcl + and 0.08Xcl + , respectively, in the final samples.

Practical applications

In the meat industry, marination is a primary process. As an alternative to reduce marinating time, moderate electric fields (MEFs) may be applied in chicken breasts without affecting the product quality. Likewise, the cut of muscle fibers will influence the marination process. The utilization of an MEF at 5 V during the marinating process presented greater efficiency in chicken breast marination than a cross‐sectional cut with polyphosphate chloride solution at 7%, reaching a 120 min reduction in the process compared to conventional methods.
Purple tulip extract improves signs of skin aging through dermal structural modulation as shown by genomic, protein expression and skin appearance of volunteers studied
Authors: Hajem Neïla , Manzato Léana , Branchet Marie‐Christine , Herlin Amélie , Hassanaly Shalina , Huguet Elise , Himbert Frank , Bernard Philippe , Dussert Anne‐Sophie , Choulot Jean‐Christophe , Boisnic Sylvie , Kéophiphath Mayoura
Published: July 2020

Background

Purple tulip extract is a rich source of flavonoids which are powerful antioxidants and can hence be considered as an ideal candidate for use in skin care products.

Aims

We aimed to evaluate the effects of purple tulip extract on skin quality and to determine its molecular modes of interaction.

Methods

A pangenomic study on human skin fibroblasts was carried out to analyze multiple changes in gene expression. Ex vivo studies of human skin explants exposed to ultraviolet (UV) irradiation or H2O2 were performed to assess modulations of protein expression. Finally, a clinical assay was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of purple tulip extract on skin appearance and condition of aged women.

Results

Genetic modulation analyses led us to infer the induction of many biological functions including cell differentiation, proliferation, migration, inflammatory responses, and matrix remodeling. The ex vivo studies revealed an enhancement of the collagen network and increased expression of glycosaminoglycans (GAG), fibronectin, and collagen VI. Finally, the clinical study highlighted the potential anti‐aging properties of the purple tulip extract which decreased the relaxation of the oval face and improved skin elasticity after 28 days of treatment. Significant reductions of the length and depth of the nasolabial wrinkles were also observed.

Conclusion

Our genomics data on the effect of purple tulip extract on the ex vivo UV‐challenged skin showed that genes responsible for, among others, the upkeep of the skin, such as collagen induction, immune cell proliferation, and epidermal repair, were all up‐regulated. More importantly, the clinical study corroborated these data by the visible and measurable effects of the topical purple tulip extract on the aged skin of 22 women, further demonstrating the beneficial impact of the extract on aged skin.