bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors Associated with Age of Menarche Junior High School Student PGRI Pekanbaru
Authors: Lusiana Novita
Published: June 2020

Some recent research suggests the likelihood of an accelerated teenage girls experience menarche, which means the faster entering the reproductive period. The purpose of this study to determine the factors associated with age of menarche girls, including maternal age of menarche, nutritional status and socioeconomic status. This study uses quantitative analytical methods, with cross sectional design, are carried out from March-April 2012 in Junior High School PGRI Pekanbaru. Sampling technique is done by simple random sampling simple random The subject of this study was grade VII and VIII SMP PGRI Pekanbaru numbered 62 people. Measuring instrument used was quesionnaire. Data for bivariate analysis with ChiSquare test. The results obtained most of the girls experienced menarche at normal age of female students by 43 people (69.4%), women who experienced menarche at normal age of mothers was 49 students (79.0%), with significantly by 0.015 (p value <0, 05) with OR = 5,52. Normal nutritional status of as many as 48 students (77.4%), with significantly by 0.022 (p value <0.05) with OR=4,48 and high socioeconomic status of 40 female students (64.5%), amounting to 0.004 exhibited significantly (p value <0, 05 )with OR = 5,65. It is expected to work with officers Care Health Services Youth (PKPR) from the local health center to provide counseling on reproductive health, especially adolescents aged 12-18 years of menarche
PROBLEMS OF TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONS OF WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION, PROSPECTS FOR THEIR DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Sekongo N. B.
Published: June 2020

The problems of trade and economic relations between West African countries and the European Union have been considered in the article in detail, a brief description of the Economic Community of West African States has been given. The essence of relationships between West Africa and the European Union based on the papers, both foreign and domestic researchers in the field of security, regional economic development and integration etc. has been disclosed. The historical path within the framework of international legal documentation that preceded the signing of the Economic Partnership Agreement has been described. The conducted study was based on the analysis of the cost dynamics of exports, imports and trade balance, their structure has been briefly adduced. The main negative aspects faced by West African countries in connection with the implementation of the Economic Partnership Agreement, in particular tariff restrictions, the ban on the use of export taxes, which undermines the national sovereignty of the Economic Community of West African States, have been revealed. Nevertheless, the signed Agreement will allow West Africa to actively integrate into world trade, improve the economic and demographic situation, while the overall trade tariff will remain at the same level.
CHOICE OF “TIME WINDOW” IN CARRYING OUT IPO OF RUSSIAN COMPANIES
Authors: Tokun L. V. , Berg A. G.
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the problems of public placement of companies on the Russian stock market. The arguments proving necessity of raising capital through public offering in the Russian Federation have been presented. Foreign and domestic researches of the influence of the time factor during public offering have been considered. The necessity of taking into account the time factor when making a decision on the company’s IPO has been identified and justified. The Russian stock market and its main trends have been analysed, the possibility of applying foreign experience on the Russian market has been assessed. Based on the conducted research, it has been proposed to promote the creation of favorable «Windows», which will help eliminate weaknesses, as well as provide evidence-based regulation in order to create favorable conditions for IPO.
FEATURES OF INTEREST-BEARING MONETARY POLICY INSTRUMENTS OF THE CZECH NATIONAL BANK
Authors: Berdyshev A. V. , Bobyr N. S.
Published: June 2020

The features of the economic development of the Czech Republic after the global financial crisis, the role of the Czech National Bank in the formation of macroeconomic policies, as well as the peculiarities of monetary regulation in the study period have been defined in the article. The main goal of the paper is to assess the impact of interest rates used by the Czech National Bank in the process of monetary regulation on the dynamics of the main macroeconomic indicators, which is considered as one of the necessary conditions for the effectiveness of the inflation targeting regime. By the results of the correlation analysis and Fisher’s exact test, it has been determined that the Czech National Bank could affect the main macroeconomic indicators based on the percentage of monetary policy instruments used.
NEOBANKING AS A DIRECTION OF DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Komarov A. V. , Martyukova V. M.
Published: June 2020

Neo-banking as one of the most important directions of development of modern financial technologies has been considered. The aim of the paper is to study the fundamental prerequisites, advantages and prospects of neobanking development in the Russian Federation. By the methods of retrospection, analysis, comparison and graphical research, characteristics of foreign and domestic neobanks, such as: Tinkoff Bank, Rocketbank, Touch Bank, Tochka have been given and also their detailed comparative analysis with traditional banking institutions is carried out. Based on the results of the study, the conclusion about the dominant role of neobanking in terms of the modern digital transformation of the world economy has been made.
SOCIAL PROTECTION SYSTEM OF THE POPULATION IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL MANAGEMENT
Authors: Borisov A. F. , Domashova E. V.
Published: June 2020

A definition of social management has been given, a narrow and broad understanding of social management have been highlighted. The structural elements of social protection defined by the system approach have been clearly delineated and defined. The importance and relevance of public administration of the social protection system of the population, which covers more and more of the population, has been noted and it becomes more targeted. The system of social protection within the framework of social management has been considered. It has been noticed that in recent years, social problems escalated in Russia, characterized by a decrease in the level and quality of life of the broad segments of the population. The current social situation requires implementation of a set of measures aimed at improving social relations in society, enhancing the social well-being of people.
SOCIOLOGY OF KNOWLEDGE SECURITY IN THE DIGITAL EDUCATIONAL SPACE
Authors: Zakharov M. Yu. , Starovoytova I. E. , Shishkova A. V.
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the spread of digital technologies in education and digital learning as a special stage of digital socialization, changing the social roles of the teacher and student. Artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies, big data analysis, robotics and virtualization have taken their place in the educational process, and traditional offline teaching methods require revision. The problem of knowledge alienation in the digital educational space has been analysed and ways to solve this problem have been proposed. Particular attention has been paid to the problem of the safety of knowledge in the educational space. It has been concluded about the need for such a reorganization of the digital space in which cognitive conditions for the safe functioning of knowledge will be provided.
DEVELOPMENT OF DIGITAL SOCIOLOGY IN MODERN SCIENCE
Authors: Shuraeva L. Yu.
Published: June 2020

The arguments in favor of the development of digital sociology at the present stage of development of science in the field of sociology have been presented, its benefit in the field of economic and political development of modern society has been substantiated. The interpretations of the subject of study of digital sociology have been given, social processes and phenomena have been highlighted, the study of which is especially important from the point of view of digital sociology. The importance of Internet sociology in the framework of General sociological research has been revealed. One of the main methods of sociological research – observation, in the context of sociology of the Internet has been considered. Two approaches in the sociology of the Internet for solving ethical problems and the resulting problems of reliability and quality of the collected data have been emphasized.
ANALYSIS OF MODERN TRENDS OF OVERCOMING MANAGERIAL STEREOTYPES
Authors: Andropova T. N.
Published: June 2020

The preferences of employees of organizations in male and female leadership qualities, as well as in the choice between a male leader and a female leader have been studied. More specifically, three factors have been considered, which can influence on these preferences: gender of the employee, gender of the manager, and the ratio of men to women in the organization. In the process of research, the theory of congruency has been studied, which claims that there is a mismatch between the female gender role and the role of manager. The concept of tokenism has been analysed. Empirical studies show mixed support for the concept of tokenism. Indeed, there are studies confirming that numerical representation negatively correlates with discrimination. Using the theory of social roles, it has been concluded that women leaders suffer from shortcomings based on prejudices related to gender and managerial stereotypes. As a result of the study, the author comes to the conclusion that increasing the proportion of women leaders is an effective way to overcome managerial stereotypes.
INTERACTIVE AND ACTIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN TEACHING THE DISCIPLINE “MACROECONOMICS” IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Rodina I. B. , Vladimirova A. F.
Published: June 2020

The features and problems of using interactive, active and distance educational technologies in the process of teaching the educational discipline «Macroeconomics» in the preparation of bachelors in higher educational institutions of economic and managerial profile have been analysed. It has been proved, that the above-mentioned educational technologies, while being an urgent necessity and a mandatory requirement of the educational process in the digital age, include various types of breakthrough technologies in modern interdisciplinary scientific research, higher education, economic sciences. It has been substantiated, that these educational technologies are a chance for higher education in the Russian Federation to take a leading position in the world ranking of educational institutions in the context of the country’s membership in the World Trade Organization. The author’s technique of innovative teaching methods in the discipline «Macroeconomics» in the oldest Russian higher education institution has been presented.
ANALYSIS OF APPROACHES TO ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH THE TIME PARAMETERS OF URBAN TRANSPORT SYSTEMS FUNCTIONING
Authors: Donchenko V. V. , Filippova R. V.
Published: June 2020

The directions of economic assessment of the costs associated with the time of transport movements of the urban population have been described. It has been shown, that solving the problem of improving the reliability of urban transport leads to saving passengers` time and the possibility of using the resulting savings in a more productive way, therefore, the calculation of the cost estimate of the change in travel time can be taken into account when choosing to implement a particular transport project, to assess the costs and results of public investment or regulatory impacts. A model of economic efficiency evaluation of transport projects, based on accounting of reduction in average travel time of urban population and improving the reliability of transport correspondences of urban transport has been proposed.
TO THE ISSUE ABOUT SOCIAL FACTORS OF FORMATION OF MODERN UNIVERSITY’S SCIENTIFIC POTENTIAL
Authors: Znamenskiy D. Yu.
Published: June 2020

The object of the research is the scientific potential of the modern university, and the subject is the system of social factors of its formation. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of social factors in the development of the scientific potential of the modern university. The methodological basis of the paper is a system-dynamic approach to the study of scientific potential, which consists in the consistent disclosure of its spatial, temporal and technological components. Within the framework of the first component, it is necessary to emphasize such a little-studied aspect as the social foundations of scientific potential, including the system of values of employees and students of the university, their motivation to engage in scientific activity and the level of prestige of scientific activity at the university. The components of the scientific potential of the modern university have been analysed in the article. In particular, the close interrelation of the specified social factors with personnel bases of scientific potential of higher education institution, namely with tendencies of development of its personnel structure has been revealed. A system for assessing the social factors of the scientific potential of the university has been proposed. The results of the study can be used by universities to increase the level of motivation of teaching staff to research activities, as well as the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia – in assessing the research activities of Russian universities.
THE STATE INFLUENCE ON ECONOMIC INTERESTS AND VECTOR OF ACTIONS OF ECONOMY SUBJECTS IN THE PROCESS OF STRATEGY FORMATION
Authors: Bydtaeva E. E.
Published: June 2020

The need of the state influence on interests and preferences of economy subjects has been proved; options of the mechanism of influence of interests of the state and the subject of economy on a vector of actions of the last have been considered; substantial distinctions of methods of state influence on the economy subjects have been disclosed; requirements to the elements making the basis of the strategy of development have been concretized. Results of the conducted research can be used in the process of forming the strategy of economic development. It has been concluded that at the stage of formation of the economic development strategy, the dominance of the interests of the state can be ensured by it in relation to a separate category of economy subjects; the state can exercise influence on the interests of other economy subjects in the form of a «declaration of intent».
THE ERA OF METAMODERNISM AND ITS IMPACT ON THE MODEL OF INTERACTION OF AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES
Authors: Ryazanova G. N.
Published: June 2020

The period of the change of the era of postmodernism to metamodernism (metamodern) has been considered. The features of metamodernism, as the ambiguous orientation of philosophical and worldview concepts and its impact on the economic space of different levels of the hierarchy have been revealed. It has been emphasized, that the consequences of the metamodern era especially sharply reflected in the Russian economy of the 1990s, since the systemic ties that developed during the modern and postmodern periods were destroyed due to political transformations and the import of liberal institutions into the country’s economy. The level of a microeconomic agent on the example of enterprises in the agricultural sector has been reviewed. The stages of evolution of the development of agricultural enterprises have been identified. The transformation of the interaction model of agricultural enterprises with other microeconomic agents in the era of metamodernism has been traced.
Tuning the Water Reduction Through Controlled Nanoconfinement Within an Organic Liquid Matrix
Authors: Dubouis Nicolas , Serva Alessandra , Berthin Roxanne , Jeanmairet Guillaume , Porcheron Benjamin , Salager Elodie , Salanne Mathieu , Grimaud Alexis
Published: June 2020

The growing hydrogen-economy requires accelerating the hydrogen evolution reaction. The water dissociation step (Volmer step) has been proposed as a main kinetic limitation, but the mechanisms at play in the electrochemical double-layer are poorly understood. This is due to the ambivalent role of water: it acts both as a reactant and as a solvent. Here we propose to confine water inside an organic liquid matrix in order to isolate the sole role of water as a reactant. We observe the formation of aqueous-rich nanodomains, which size can be tuned by changing the supporting electrolyte, and found that the reactivity of the system significantly varies with its nanostructure. Depending on the conditions, it is dominated by either the strength of short-range cation-water interactions or the formation of long chains of water molecules. This understanding paves the way toward the development of more efficient and selective electrocatalysts for the water, CO2, O2 or N2 reduction.
Multiconfigurational Dynamics Explain Photochemical Reactivity and Torquoselectivity Towards Fluorinated Polyacetylenes
Authors: Cox Jordan , Lopez Steven
Published: June 2020

The discovery of the conductivity of polyacetylene ignited the field of organic electronic materials. Functionalizing polyacetylenes with electron withdrawing groups (e.g., fluorine), has theoretically been shown to increase the air-stability of PAs and open new avenues in organic electronics. Burns and coworkers recently reported a novel synthetic route to fluorinated polyacetylenes which utilizes as a key step the completely stereoselective photochemical electrocyclic ring-closing of hexafluorinated dienes. This photochemical torquoselective (photo-torquoselective) reaction is, to our knowledge, the first of its kind. While the torquoselectivity model (Houk and co-workers) describes the stereospecificity of thermal electrocyclic reactions, no such reactivity model exists for their photochemical counterpart. We have used multiconfigurational quantum chemical calculations and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations to describe this reaction and to determine the origin of its stereoselectivity. We show that the reaction proceeds through the S1 excited state with a lifetime of 988 fs. This reaction lies along an energetically unfavorable pathway which results in a reaction quantum yield of approximately 0.9%. We predict that the reaction pathway to the unobserved product lies 0.2 eV (4.6 kcal mol−1) higher in energy than the pathway to the observed isomer. The unobserved isomer brings adjacent fluorine substituents to within 2.67 and 2.60 Å of each other at the S1/S0 crossing point, resulting in a closed-shell repulsion. This repulsion is responsible for increasing the energy of the unobserved pathway which directs the reaction exclusively to the observed product.
Multiscale Modeling of Molecular Structure and Optical Properties of Complex Supramolecular Aggregates
Authors: Bondarenko Anna S. , Patmanidis Ilias , Alessandri Riccardo , Souza Paulo C. T. , Jansen Thomas L.C. , de Vries Alex H. , Marrink Siewert-Jan , Knoester Jasper
Published: June 2020

Supramolecular aggregates of synthetic dye molecules offer great perspectives to prepare biomimetic functional materials for light-harvesting and energy transport. The design is complicated by the fact that structure-property relationships are hard to establish, because the molecular packing results from a delicate balance of interactions and the excitonic properties that dictate the optics and excited state dynamics, in turn sensitively depend on this packing. Here we show how an iterative multiscale approach combining molecular dynamics and quantum mechanical exciton modeling can be used to obtain accurate insight into the packing of thousands of cyanine dye molecules in a complex double-walled tubular aggregate in close interaction with its solvent environment. Our approach allows us not only to answer open questions on the structure of these prototypical aggregates, but also about their molecular-scale structural and energetic heterogeneity, and the microscopic origin of their photophysical properties. This opens the route to accurate predictions of energy transport and other functional properties.
Natural Compounds as Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease (3CLpro): A Molecular Docking and Simulation Approach to Combat COVID-19
Authors: Rehman Md Tabish , AlAjmi Mohamed F , Hussain Afzal
Published: June 2020

Recently, the emergence and dissemination of SARS-CoV-2 has caused high mortality and enormous economic loss. In the fight against COVID-19, the rapid development of new drug molecules is the need of hour. However, the conventional approaches of drug development is time consuming and expensive in nature. In this study, we have adopted an alternative approach to identify lead molecules from natural sources using high throughput virtual screening approach. Ligands from natural compounds library from Selleck Inc (L1400) have been screened to evaluate their ability to bind and inhibit the main protease (Mpro or 3CLpro) of SARS-CoV-2, which is a potential drug target. We found that Kaempferol, Quercetin, and Rutin were able to bind at the substrate binding pocket of 3CLpro with high affinity (105-106 M-1) and interact with the active site residues such as His41 and Cys145 through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions. In fact, the binding affinity of Rutin was much higher than Chloroquine (1000 times) and Hydroxychloroquine (100 times) and was comparable to that of the reference drug Remdesivir, which is in clinical trials to treat COVID-19 patients. The results suggest that natural compounds such as flavonoids have the potential to be developed as novel inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 with a comparable potency as that of Remdesivir. However, their clinical usage on COVID-19 patients is a subject of further investigations and clinical trials.
Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Protonated Merocyanine Photoacids in Water
Authors: Berton Cesare , Busiello Daniel Maria , Zamuner Stefano , Solari Euro , Scopelliti Rosario , Tirani Farzaneh Fadaei , Severin Kay , Pezzato Cristian
Published: June 2020

Metastable-state photoacids (mPAHs) are chemical species whose photo-activated state is long-lived enough to allow for proton diffusion. Liao’s photoacid (1) represents the archetype of mPAHs, and is being widely used on account of its unique capability to change the acidity of aqueous solutions reversibly. The behavior of 1 in water, however, still remains poorly understood. Herein, we provide in-dept insights on the thermodynamics and kinetics of 1 in water through a series of comparative 1H NMR and UV-Vis studies and relative modelling. Under dark conditions, we quantified a three-component equilibrium system where the dissociation (Ka) of the open protonated form (MCH) is followed by isomerization (Kc) of the open deprotonated form (MC) to the closed spiropyran form (SP) – i.e., in the absence of light, the ground state acidity can be expressed as KaGS = Ka(1+Kc). On the other hand, under powerful and continuous light irradiation we were able to assess, for the first time experimentally, the dissociation constant (KaMS) of the protonated metastable state (cis-MCH). In addition, we found that thermal ring-opening of SP is always rate-determining regardless of pH, whereas hydrolysis is reminiscent of what is found for Schiff bases. The proposed methodology is general, and it was applied to other two compounds bearing a shorter (ethyl, 2) and a longer (butyl, 3) alkyl-1-sulfonate bridge. We found that the pKa remains constant, whereas both pKc and pKaMS linearly increase with the length of the alkyl bridge. Importantly, all results are consistent with a four-component model cycle, which describes perfectly the full dynamics of proton release/uptake of 1‒3 in water. The superior hydrolytic stability and water solubility of compound 3, together with its relatively high pKaGS (low Kc), allowed us to achieve fully reversible jumps of 2.5 pH units over 18 consecutive cycles (6 hours).
Influence of Parquet Flooring on the Indoor Air Quality of Private Residence: A Case Study
Authors: Paul Swaraj
Published: June 2020

This paper presents results from a case study on IAQ in a residence where the occupants complained about health problems during a few years’ time including infants after they changed the flooring to a new parquet flooring in both the floors. During the last years the health conditions of the children became very bad resulting into several emergency visits to the hospital. This study presents measured values for VOC and aldehydes under different conditions. Initial measurements showed that the values were very high and exceeded all the recommended health Hazard limits. This resulted into the decision that all the parquet flooring was removed. This study shows how the values of VOC and aldehydes decreased with time and also the decrease did not follow the general diffusion principles. Therefore, forced ventilation conditions under elevated temperature and very high relative humidity were used to accelerate the release rate. This study shows that elimination of volatiles was a very slow process and it took almost 30 days to achieve acceptable concentration levels both for the aldehydes and for the VOCs. This case study shows for the first time that although such flooring material meets the standard, how they may influence the IAQ of residential houses. In case if such contaminations occur, this study also shows that how the reduction rates of chemicals and specially aldehydes in indoor air could be accelerated by using different accelerated ventilation conditions. The study shows that the health hazards due to the presence of aldehydes in indoor air are underestimated in normal IAQ control routines. Since, aldehydes are classified as carcinogens, the study shows that measurement of aldehyde concentrations in indoor air should always be included in the indoor air quality control to assure a healthy indoor air climate.
Multiconfigurational Static and Dynamic Calculations Explain Tricyclo[4,2,0,02,5]octa-3,7-diene Photochemistry
Authors: Li Jingbai , Lopez Steven
Published: June 2020

Sunlight is a renewable energy source that can be stored in chemical bonds using photochemical reactions. The synthesis of exotic and strained molecules is especially attractive with photochemical techniques because of the associated efficient and mild reaction conditions. We have used complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations with an (8,7) active space and the ANO-S-VDZP basis set to understand the photophysics and subsequent photochemistry of a possible cubane precursor tricyclo[4,2,0,02,5]octa-3,7-diene (1). The energies were corrected with a second-order perturbative correction CASPT2(8,7)/ANO-S-VDZP. The S0→S1 vertical excitation energy of 1 is 6.25 eV, whose nature is π→π* excitation. The minimum energy path from the S1 Franck-Condon point leads directly to a 4π-disrotatory electrocyclic ring-opening reaction to afford bicyclo[4,2,0]octa-2,4,7-triene. The 2D potential energy surface scan located a rhomboidal S1/S0 minimum energy crossing point that connects 1 and cubane, suggesting that a cycloaddition is theoretically possible. We used the fewest switches surface hopping to study this reaction: 85% of 1,722 trajectories relaxed to 8 products; the major products are bicyclo[4,2,0]octa-2,4,7-triene (30%) and cycloocta-1,3,5,7-tetraene (32%). Only 0.4% of trajectories undergo a [2+2] cycloaddition to form cubane.
Boosting Fast and Stable Potassium-ion Storage by Synergistic Interlayer and Pore-structure Engineering
Authors: Li Deping , Sun Qing , Zhang Yamin , Dai Xinyue , Ji Fengjun , Li kaikai , Yuan Qunhui , Liu Xingjun , Ci Lijie
Published: June 2020

Carbon-based material has been regarded as one of the most promising electrode materials for Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs). However, the battery performance based on reported porous carbon electrodes is still unsatisfactory, while the in-depth K-ion storage mechanism remains relatively ambiguous. Herein, we propose a facile “in situ template bubbling” method for synthesizing interlayer tuned hierarchically porous carbon with different metallic ions, which delivers superior K-ion storage performance, especially the rate capability (158.6 mAh g-1@10.0 A g-1) and high-rate cycling stability (82.8% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 5.0 A g-1). The origin of the excellent rate performance is revealed by the deliberately designed consecutive CV measurements, Ex situ Raman tests, GITT and theoretical simulations. Considering the facile preparation strategy, superior electrochemical performance and insightful mechanism investigations, this work can provide fundamental understandings for high performance PIBs and related energy storage devices like sodium-ion batteries, aluminum-ion batteries, electrochemical capacitors and dual-ion batteries.
Druggability for COVID19 – in Silico Discovery of Potential Drug Compounds Against Nucleocapsid (N) Protein of SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Ray Manisha , Sarkar Saurav , Rath Surya Narayan
Published: June 2020

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was caused havoc throughout the world by creating widespread mortality and morbidity. The presence of RNA binding domain in the nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is a potential drug target, serving multiple critical functions during the viral life cycle, especially the viral replication. The unavailability of vaccines and proper antiviral drugs encourages the researchers to identify some potential antiviral drug compounds to be used against N protein of SARS-CoV-2 for this current scenario. While vaccine development might take some time, the identification of a drug compound might decrease the widespread deaths and suffering. Method: This study was analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of N protein sequence divergence with other 49 CoV species and also identified the conserved regions according to protein families through conserved domain search. Along with it, good structural binding affinities of some natural/synthetic phytocompounds/ drugs against N protein were also found using the molecular docking approaches. Result: The analyzed antiviral properties, predicted binding affinities and the presence of higher numbers of Hydrogen bonds of selected compounds represent the drug-ability of these compounds. Among them, the established antiviral drug Glycyrrhizic acid and the phytochemical Theaflavin can be considered as putative drug compound against target protein of SARS-CoV-2 as they showed all the properties of a potential drug. Conclusion: The findings of this study might lead to the development of a drug for the disease and helpful to reduce the risk of deadly infections in host cell due to SARS-CoV-2.
The Preliminary Study on the Mechanism about Piperine Regulating the Knee Osteoarthritis Based on Network Pharmacological Methods
Authors: Zhang Hao , Wang Lianshun , Liu Xiaona , Cao Yixin , Zhao Tingqi , Yao Qinyan , Yue Wuriliga , Wu Lan
Published: June 2020

Abstract:Objective: To explore the target of anti-knee osteoarthritis (KOA) in the effective chemical compounds of piper longum L based on network pharmacological methods.Methods: The active chemical compounds of piper longum L were collected employing database retrieval on TCMSP, TCM-PTD, and literature mining. The Swiss Target Prediction service predicts the targets of active chemical compounds, and at the same time, the targets of the drugs treating knee osteoarthritis were collected by retrieving the OMIM and CTD databases. The targets were subjected to an alignment analysis to screen out piperine and we simulated the binding sites in vivo of compounds and proteins via AutoDock. After that, the rat models of knee osteoarthritis were established. The rats in model groups were given piperine treatment. The verification of the anti-KOA target PPARG and MAPK1 was done by Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation.Results: Nine active ingredients were predicted. According to Lipinski's rule, piperine was speculated as a possible active ingredient. According to the possible targets of piperine and the KOA's possible targets, three co-targets of them were confirmed, PPARG and MAPK1 were related to knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Molecular docking results show that piperine can hinder the binding of PPARG protein ARG-212 and GLN-420 amino-acid residues to each other. After 20 weeks of piperine treating, Western blot found that piperine can significantly increase the expression level of PPARG and reduce the expression level of MAPK1 in model rats. The endogenous interaction between PPARG and MAPK1 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation.Conclusion: Piper longum L can regulate the progression of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) by its active ingredient piperine，can affect the expression of PPARG and MAPK1 proteins, and PPARG and MAPK1 proteins have endogenous interactions.
CO2 Assisted Ethane Oxidative Dehydrogenation over MoO3 and V2O5 Catalysts Supported on Reducible CeO2-TiO2
Authors: Nguyen Thu D. , Celik Fuat E. , Tsilomelekis George
Published: June 2020

Supported MOx (M= Mo, V) on mixed CeO2-TiO2 were investigated for the oxidative dehydrogenation of ethane (ODHE) using CO2 as a mild oxidant. Raman spectroscopic characterization of the synthesized catalysts under dehydrated conditions suggest that surface MoOx species prefer to anchor on the crystalline domains of TiO2. Upon increasing the amount of CeO2 in the mixed oxide support, an intense and broad band at ~930cm-1 underscored that the prevalent species tend to be polymeric (MoOx)n domains. On the other hand, in the case of VOx catalysts, a gradual shift in the symmetric stretching of the vanadyl (V=O) Raman band with increasing CeO2 content was observed that points at the gradual anchoring of the surface vanadia species on both TiO2 and CeO2 thus highlighting the possible existence of the amorphous VOx to be located at the interface of the two mixed oxides. The catalytic behavior of Mo and V were distinct. As the ceria content in the support increased, MoOx catalysts promoted the ODHE via Mars van Krevelen mechanism while VOx catalysts appeared to favor ethane direct dehydrogenation. Investigation of structure-function relationships via in-situ Raman spectroscopic efforts revealed that adding ceria not only changed the redox properties of the support but also improved those of the deposited metal oxide. We also show that upon incorporation of ceria into the support, CO2 directly participates in the reoxidation of the dispersed MoOx species during catalysis. This effect was distinct from the reaction of CO2 in the reverse water gas shift reaction. Operando Raman spectra revealed that the presence of CO2 enhances the stability of the bridging Mo–O–Mo bond of polymeric molybdena domains, which is proposed to affect the relative contribution of oxidative versus non-oxidative pathways in ethane dehydrogenation.
Structures of Self-Assembled n-Alkanethiols on Gold by Reflection High-Energy Electron Diffraction
Authors: Ghosh Mithun , Yang Ding-Shyue
Published: June 2020

TThe structures of long-chain alkanethiols (C18H37SH) chemisorbed on an Au(111) single crystal were investigated using reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED). The primary (√3x√3)R30° structure observed as a major species in the as-deposited films contains gold adatoms below the sulfur headgroups. Between the small ordered domains with the alkyl chains tilting toward six directions are azimuthally disorderly packed regions, with a similar average tilt of 30.2°. In contrast, a significant reduction in the coverage of gold adatoms is found in the thermally-induced (2√3x3)rect phase. This superlattice is shown to contain a mixture of two sulfur arrangements, both of which exhibit a small S‒S distance, and the pairing of the aliphatic chains. A microscopic picture is then given for the structural transition. These findings demonstrate how the RHEED technique may be used to resolve structures of nanometer-thick thin films with multiple orders at the interfaces.
Multi-Objective De Novo Molecular Design of Organic Structure-Directing Agents for Zeolites Using Nature-Inspired Ant Colony Optimization
Authors: Muraoka Koki , Chaikittisilp Watcharop , Okubo Tatsuya
Published: June 2020

Organic structure-directing agents (OSDAs) are often employed for synthesis of zeolites with desired frameworks. A priori prediction of such OSDAs has mainly relied on the interaction energies between OSDAs and zeolite frameworks, without cost considerations. For practical purposes, the cost of OSDAs becomes a critical issue. Therefore, the development of a computational de novo prediction methodology that can speed up the trial-and-error cycle in search for less expensive OSDAs is desired. This study utilized a nature-inspired ant colony optimization method to predict physicochemically and/or economically preferable OSDAs, while also taking molecular similarity and heuristics of zeolite synthesis into consideration. The prediction results included experimentally known OSDAs, candidates having structures closely related to known OSDAs, and novel ones, suggesting the applicability of this approach.
Economic security of Polish Voivodeships. Measuring the concept
Authors: Borkowski Mateusz
Published: June 2020

Background: Economic security is currently considered as relevant aspect of every economy functioning. It can be stated that measuring its level is a kind of holistic approach to studying the national economy.

Research purpose: The aim of this article is to measure the level of economic security in Pol­ish regions using both, a general approach as well as a more detailed one, considering selected economic dimensions, such as economic growth, wage growth, social security, food quality and environmental balance.

Methods: The paper considers Perkal’s method to be the best taxonomic technique for construct­ing synthetic indicators and used it to do so.

Conclusions: The calculated synthetic indicators facilitates a linear ordering of the Polish Voivodeships in terms of economic security. Not only are Polish regions diversified relative to the general level of economic security, but also to the level of economic security according to several selected dimensions. What is more, it was possible to determine linear correlation coefficients between the indicator of general economic security and its measurement level in the selected dimensions. Social, economic and financial dimensions have the most significant impact on deter­mining general economic security.
The differentiation of economic efficiency within employee-owned companies
Authors: Matuszewska-Pierzynka Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

Background: The empirical research on the differentiation of economic efficiency within em­ployee-owned companies as measured in terms of sales revenue while minimizing the degree of ownership concentration thematically applies toward evaluating the effectiveness of the direct privatisation method implemented by giving a state-owned enterprise for use against payment.

Research purpose: The main goal of this article is to empirically verify the research hypothesis, stating that the degree of ownership concentration significantly differentiates the economic effi­ciency of employee-owned companies in terms of sales revenue.

Methods: The empirical verification of this hypothesis was carried out using the method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), which measures the relative technical efficiency of a given deci­sion-making unit (DMU). Empirical studies were conducted on a group of 13 employee-owned companies from the Mazowieckie Province, which concluded agreements with the State Treasury between the years 2000–2005 and covered a 10-year research period. The analysis of sales reve­nue and the degree of ownership concentration was made on the basis of hand-collected data from documents submitted by surveyed employee-owned companies in the National Court Register in the years between 2002–2017.

Conclusions: Presented results of the empirical research do not allow for full confirmation of the research hypothesis because employee-owned companies, in which DEA efficiency measures were lower than the average measure for all surveyed companies were characterized by the differ­ent average annual degree of ownership concentration.
Wybryk publicznego prezentowania zdjęć martwych płodów a ochrona wolności wypowiedzi w świetle orzecznictwa ETPC
Authors: Kulesza Jan
Published: June 2020

Przedmiot badań: Przedmiotem badań jest orzecznictwo Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Czło­wieka dotyczące wykładni art. 10 Europejskiej Konwencji o Ochronie Praw Człowieka i Podsta­wowych Wolności w tych przypadkach, w których ingerencja państwa następuje z powołaniem na przesłankę ochrony moralności publicznej. Przedmiotem badań jest również stanowisko dzia­łaczy pro-life wobec tego orzecznictwa oparte na tezie, zgodnie z którą wolność wypowiedzi nie podlega jakimkolwiek ograniczeniom. Zdaniem działaczy pro-life każda ingerencja w wolność słowa stanowi pogwałcenie art. 10 Konwencji.

Cel badawczy: Celem artykułu jest zbadanie, czy wolność słowa według wykładni Trybunału jest wolnością absolutną, czy podlega ograniczeniom na ogólnych zasadach, z powołaniem na przesłanki wskazane w samym art. 10 Konwencji. W przypadku dopuszczalności ingerencji ce­lem jest zbadanie jej legalnej głębokości wówczas, gdy następuje z powołaniem na przesłankę ochrony moralności publicznej. Należy odpowiedzieć na pytanie, czy margines swobody oceny państwa jest wówczas taki sam, jak w przypadku innych przesłanek. Czy istnieje w orzecznictwie Trybunału wykształcony wzorzec moralności publicznej, pozwalający ocenić dopuszczalność ewentualnej ingerencji w wolność słowa. Następnie należy zbadać, czy ewentualne skazanie kar­ne sensu largo działaczy pro-life stanowiłoby naruszenie art. 10 Konwencji w świetle dotychcza­sowego orzecznictwa Trybunału.1

Metoda badawcza: Badania przeprowadzono, analizując orzecznictwo Trybunału i dokonując jego odniesienia do ocenianych stanów faktycznych.

Wyniki: Wolność słowa nie jest wolnością absolutną i podlega ograniczeniom na ogólnych za­sadach, z powołaniem na przesłanki wymienione w art. 10 Konwencji. W przypadku ingeren­cji z powołaniem na konieczność ochrony moralności publicznej państwom przysługuje szerszy margines swobody oceny konieczności ingerencji niż w przypadku pozostałych przesłanek ogra­niczania wolności słowa. Jednocześnie nie istnieje jednolity standard ochrony moralności pu­blicznej wspólny dla państw-stron Konwencji. Państwa mogą, nie naruszając art. 10 Konwencji, w szerszym zakresie ograniczać wolność słowa, chroniąc moralność publiczną, powołując się na swoją historię, tradycję i oceny społeczne. Analiza orzecznictwa Trybunału prowadzi do wniosku, że skazanie karne sensu largo działaczy pro-life nie stanowiłoby naruszenia art. 10 Konwencji. Istnieją liczne analogie pomiędzy sprawami rozpatrywanymi przez Trybunał, w których nie dopatrzył się on naruszenia wolności słowa, a inkryminowanymi zachowaniami działaczy pro-life, które mogą i powinny być ścigane karnie bez ryzyka naruszenia Konwencji.
Zmiana pozwolenia na budowę w trybie art. 36a pr. bud. obowiązującego przed jego nowelizacją
Authors: Zwolak Sławomir
Published: June 2020

Przedmiot badań: Opracowanie przedstawia instytucję zmiany pozwolenia na budowę w trybie art. 36a pr.bud., która ma szczególne znaczenie w toku procesu budowlanego. W praktyce mogą wystąpić zdarzenia mające wpływ na realizacje obiektu budowlanego, wyrażające się w postaci niezbędnych modyfikacji do projektu budowlanego. Dlatego w założeniu ustawodawcy zmiana pozwolenia na budowę ma być prewencyjnym środkiem przeciwdziałania łamaniu prawa w trak­cie prowadzenia robót budowlanych skutkujących samowolą budowlaną. W tym celu służyć ma art. 36a pr.bud. dotyczący istotnego odstępstwa od zatwierdzonego projektu budowlanego lub innych warunków pozwolenia na budowę.

Cel badawczy: Artykuł obejmuje analizę regulacji prawnych dotyczących instytucji zmiany pozwo­lenia na budowę w trybie art. 36a pr.bud. w aspekcie wymaganej procedury administracyjnej, przy uwzględnieniu charakterystyki istotnych odstępstw od zatwierdzonego projektu budowlanego lub innych warunków pozwolenia na budowę. Analiza regulacji będzie wymagać odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak daleko istotne zmiany muszą zaistnieć, aby rozpocząć procedurę zmiany pozwolenia na budowę.

Metoda badawcza: W opracowaniu została zastosowana metoda dogmatyczno-prawna, w wy­niku której przeanalizowane zostały obowiązujące przepisy ustawowe, zawierające podstawowe i najważniejsze rozwiązania w zakresie zmiany pozwolenia na budowę. Równolegle zastosowa­na została metoda teoretyczno-prawna, która objęła przestudiowanie dotychczasowej literatury przedmiotu. W opracowaniu uwzględniono również badania empiryczno-prawne, których przed­miotem było orzecznictwo sądów administracyjnych. 1

Wyniki: Orzecznictwo sądowoadministracyjne i praktyka organów administracji publicznej nie dają jednoznacznej odpowiedzi na pytanie, jak ważne zmiany muszą zaistnieć, aby stanowiły istotne od­stępstwo od projektu budowlanego. Jednakże stwierdzić należy, że odpowiednim miernikiem, czy na­stąpiło istotne odstępstwo, jest porównanie funkcji, formy, konstrukcji obiektu budowlanego, rozwią­zań technicznych i zamierzonego sposobu użytkowania obiektu budowlanego z rzeczywistym stanem wykonywanych robót budowlanych. Rozważania te powinny zawsze wymagać wnikliwej i wszech­stronnej oceny organu, przy uwzględnieniu charakteru inwestycji oraz zasad prawa budowlanego.
Genetic targeting of neurogenic precursors in the adult forebrain ventricular epithelium
Authors: Joppé Sandra E , Cochard Loïc M , Levros Louis-Charles , Hamilton Laura K , Ameslon Pierre , Aumont Anne , Barnabé-Heider Fanie , Fernandes Karl JL
Published: June 2020

The ventricular epithelium of the adult forebrain is a heterogeneous cell population that is a source of both quiescent and activated neural stem cells (qNSCs and aNSCs, respectively). We genetically targeted a subset of ventricle-contacting, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells, to study their involvement in qNSC/aNSC–mediated adult neurogenesis. Ventricle-contacting GFAP+ cells were lineage-traced beginning in early adulthood using adult brain electroporation and produced small numbers of olfactory bulb neuroblasts until at least 21 mo of age. Notably, electroporated GFAP+ neurogenic precursors were distinct from both qNSCs and aNSCs: they did not give rise to neurosphere-forming aNSCs in vivo or after extended passaging in vitro and they were not recruited during niche regeneration. GFAP+ cells with these properties included a FoxJ1+GFAP+ subset, as they were also present in an inducible FoxJ1 transgenic lineage-tracing model. Transiently overexpressing Mash1 increased the neurogenic output of electroporated GFAP+ cells in vivo, identifying them as a potentially recruitable population. We propose that the qNSC/aNSC lineage of the adult forebrain coexists with a distinct, minimally expanding subset of GFAP+ neurogenic precursors.
The Growing Difference in College Attainment between Women and Men
Authors: Aliprantis Dionissi , Dunne Timothy , Fee Kyle
Published: June 2020

Workers with more education typically earn more than those with less education, and the difference has been growing in recent decades. Not surprisingly, the percentage of the population going after and getting a college degree has been rising as well. Since the late 1970s, though, the increase in college attainment has stalled for men and gathered steam for women. Among college-age individuals, more women now graduate than men. Changes in labor market incentives appear to explain the increased investment in education made by women. But men’s investments in education have been much less responsive to the same incentives.