bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bhramari Pranayama: A Non-Pharmacological Approach Against Current Coronavirus Disease 19 Pandemic
Authors: Nisha Garg  , Srikanta Kumar Panda
Published: September 2021

Objective: For maintaining sound physical and mental health it is extremely beneficial for mankind to do pranayama. Prāṇāyāma bring about varying physiological and psychological effects. Pranayama is a branch of yoga practice and also considered as the fourth limb of ancient aṣṭāṅga yoga consisting of breathing techniques. This article aims to attain an insight on the effectiveness of Bhramari Pranayama (Bhr.P) on health and explores its need to be implemented in day to day life as a routine by all individuals in current covid 19 pandemic.

Data source: The studies done in previous years were found using Medline, Embase, Google scholar, pub med and manual search. Studies conducted on the health effectiveness of Bhramari Pranayama specifically were included in this study.

Review methods: It has been tried to keenly understand the role of Bhramari pranayam in particular and exploring some new concepts related to it in this review. Features of Bhramari Pranayama are dealt in detail with its potential effects on various systems of human body and its potentiality as a therapy tool.

Result and conclusion: In the studies incorporated, the Bhramari pranayam practices have shown para-sympathetic dominance. There are some uplifting effects of Bhramari pranayam on different physiological systems. In holistic yoga therapy schedule pranayama is also an integral component which involves slowing down of the normal breathing rate along with an internal awareness and conscious inner focus on the respiration and reduces stress which finally causes improvement in ailments due to covid 19 pandemic.
A Comparative Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Shamana Sweda Followed by Nirgundi Guggulu in Vaatakantaka with Special Reference to Calcaneal Spur Amongst Female Population
Authors: Suma Astagimath  , S G Chavan  , Madhusudan Kulkarni
Published: September 2021

Vatakantaka is characterized by the pain in the heel region and included in the vatavyadhi by Acharya Sushruta. It is common in about 10% of general population. Women are twice more prevalent than men. Vatakantaka is mainly caused due to vitiation of Vatadosha and continuous pressure on the heel region. It can be co-related with Calcaneal spur. It is more prevalent in female due to life style postures like standing for longer period, wearing high heel shoes. Various treatment measures for the management of Vatakantaka are given in the classics of Ayurveda. Siravyadha,Agnikarma and Eranda taila pana are the main chikitsa of Vatakantaka. Achrya Charaka said Vatakantaka is Sweda sadhya Vyadhi. So in this present study, treatment is given with swedana followed by Shamanoushadhi.  Here 40 cases of Vatatakantaka vis- a -vis Calcaneal spur were  devided in to two groups and subjected to Dashamula churna pinda sweda  and valuka sweda for 7 days, followed by Nirgundi Guggulu for 30 days. Patients  showed significant results in subjective and objective parameters. The present clinical study has been registered as a Prospective study in clinical trials registry- India (CTRI). Register number – CTRI/2019/11/022132
Comparison of methods for purification of bacteriophage lysates of gram-negative bacteria for personalized therapy
Authors: Gorodnichev RB , Kornienko MA , Kuptsov NS , Efimov AD , Bogdan VI , Letarov AV , Shitikov EA , Ilina EN
Published: September 2021

Phage therapy is a promising method of treating antibiotic-resistant infections. To obtain a safe therapeutic formulation, bacterial cell components, including endotoxins, must be removed from the phage lysate. This study was aimed at comparing the efficacy of purification methods for phage lysates intended for therapeutic use. Phages vB_KpnM_Seu621 (Myoviridae) and vB_KpnP_Dlv622 (Autographiviridae) were grown using the KP9068 strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae as a host. The obtained lysates were purified using phage precipitation with polyethylene glycol, CsCl density gradient ultracentrifugation, sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, precipitation with 100 kDa centrifugal filter units, and phage concentration on 0.22 µm cellulose filters in the presence of MgSO4. Endotoxin concentrations were determined by LAL testing. The obtained lysates contained 1.25 × 1012 ± 7.46 × 1010 and 2.25 × 1012 ± 1.34 × 1011 PFU/ml of vB_KpnM_Seu621 and vB_KpnP_Dlv622, respectively, and had endotoxin concentrations of 3,806,056 ± 429,410 and 189,456 ± 12,406 EU/ml, respectively. CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation was found to be the optimal conventional purification method in terms of reducing endotoxin concentrations and maintaining phage titers (303 ± 20 — 313 ± 35 EU/ml, 1.5–2.75 × 1012 ± 1.71 × 1011 PFU/ml). Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and filtration in the presence of MgSO4 were found to be the optimal non-traditional purification methods. A method for phage lysate purification should be selected for each phage preparation individually. Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation and filtration in the presence of MgSO4 hold promise as purification methods that can produce phage preparations suitable for intravenous administration.
The Application of the Federal Trade Commission Privacy and Safeguards Rules to the In the Matter Tax Slayer, LLC Case
Authors:   Morgan State University, Buresh Donald L.
Published: September 2021

This paper discusses what legally happened to TaxSlayer, LLC after a cyber break-in that occurred in 2015. The Federal Trade Commission sued the company, demanding that the organization institute robust cyber protections to ensure financial customer information security, confidentiality, and integrity. The article argues that the federal government’s actions were entirely appropriate, given its constitutional mandate to regulate commerce and protect the general welfare. However, with the relentless onslaught of cybercriminal activity, the steps demanded by the federal government may prevent, but not stop, the cybercriminal tide from rising, as King Canute observed many years ago.
The Improvement of Health Behavior: Collaboration among Health Information Access, Health Literacy and Health Empowerment Variable
Authors:   Department of Administrative Science, Faculty of Administrative Science, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145 Indonesia, Anggaini Niken Lastiti Veri
Published: September 2021

Health is an important factor affecting the development of a country. Everyone is aware of the importance of health for their productivity. However, the fact is that there are still many people who show unhealthy behaviors. There are several health problem in Indonesia. It is related to accessibility, capability, capacity and affordability. This study intends to look at and explain first, the influence of health information access to health literacy and health empowerment, second, the effect of health information access to health behaviour through health empowerment and health literacy as the mediation variables. The study was conducted in Blitar City Government, which is separated into three areas of administrative sub district. The sample used in this study amounted to 278 respondents. The length of time for this research is 6 month, November 2019-April 2020. Data analysis method used in this research is inferential statistical analysis using the structural equation modeling (SEM) GeSCA. The path coefficient of health information access to health empowerment of 0.382 stated that the level of health information access has a positive and significant effect on health empowerment. The path coefficient of health information access to health literacy of 0.093 stated that the health information access has a positive and significant effect on health literacy. Meanwhile, The path coefficient of health information access to health behaviour is -0.059. It stated that health information access has no significant effect on health behaviour. But, the effect becomes significant effect with the presence of health literacy and health empowerment as a mediating variable.
APLICAÇÕES DA MANUFATURA ADITIVA E IMPRESSÃO 3D NA FABRICAÇÃO DE MOLDES PARA INJEÇÃO DE TERMOPLÁSTICOS
Authors: Feriotti Marco Aurélio , Marcelino Davi de Medeiros , Pohlmann Mayara Neves , Martino Neto José , Rosa Jorge Luiz
Published: September 2021

A manufatura aditiva (MA) e a Impressão 3D vem sendo amplamente aplicada em diferentes seguimentos, em particular, no setor de fabricação de moldes para injeção de termoplásticos. Atualmente, a manufatura aditiva de metais necessita de uma solução que combine alto desempenho com baixo custo para tornar essa tecnologia mais aplicável. Esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo de caso realizado em uma empresa do setor onde, em muitos casos, a manufatura aditiva já vem sendo utilizada nos projetos e no processo de fabricação de moldes. Visando embasar este estudo de caso, foram realizadas análises bibliográficas sobre a aplicação da manufatura aditiva na ferramentaria de moldes para injeção de termoplásticos. Dessa forma, foi possível observar que existe uma tendência, no curto e médio prazo, de que a produção de moldes sofrerá um impacto, com o advento desta tecnologia, que pode significar uma mudança nos métodos convencionas de fabricação de moldes, pois, além de insertos, moldes já estão sendo fabricados com uso da MA, porem, na aplicação da manufatura aditiva é fundamental que o processo utilizado garanta que as peças estejam livres de defeitos ou porosidade. Este estudo também possibilitou constatar que essa tecnologia afetará significativamente os conceitos de novos projetos e resultará em mudanças disruptivas nos métodos convencionais.
Complications of the recovery period after arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Pavlov A. O. , Strelcov A. D. , Prokopenko S. V. , Portnyagin E. V. , Mozheyko E. Yu. , Komarova N. K. , Narkevich A. N.
Published: September 2021

A review of the literature is devoted to the problem of complications after arthroscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The authors covered questions of epidemiology and surgical technique, touched on important aspects of the main complications, such as graft damage, arthrofibrosis and impingement syndrome, the formation of synovial cysts, infections, the development of osteoarthritis and cartilage degeneration. Despite the prevalence of pathology, a huge number of publications and the development of arthroscopic surgery, there are many theoretical and technical problems, that have not yet found a satisfactory solution and require further development. A relevant question for the doctor is the problem of correctly choosing the method or combination methods for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in relation for each patient, considering the individual characteristics and possible risks of developing different complications in patient.
Presentation of the bk21 (Kacprzak) test as a less traumatic alternative to the Lachman test and Drop Leg test in diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament tear
Authors: Kacprzak B. , Siuba-Jarosz N.
Published: September 2021

Objective: despite the fact that anterior cruciate ligament injuries are the most common ligament injuries, the problem of making a quick and accurate diagnosis still exists. in our paper, we hypothesized that a modification of the Lachman test — BK21 (Kacprzak test), in comparison to the Lachman test and Drop Leg test will allow for a significant reduction of pain during the test, and thus for less muscular defense, more relaxation, and more reliable test results, whose sensitivity and specificity will be confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and methods: using the patient’s subjective pain rating scale, the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), we were able to easily assess which way of performing the test was less traumatic for the patient. a physical examination in the form of a comparison of those two visits was performed at the private medical office Orto Med Sport in 203 patients with suspected anterior cruciate ligament tear.

Results: the BK21 modification (Kacprzak) test was on average 3 points less painful on the NRS scale than the classic Lachman test and 1 point less painful than the Drop Leg test, while the same principle of operation and analogous endpoints in both tests allow for high sensitivity and specificity of the test.

Conclusion: the BK21 test was a less traumatic and painful alternative to the Lachman test.
The evaluation of the health risk in ice hockey players based on the predictors that characterize the tension of adaptive organism systems
Authors: Zholdakova Z. I. , Rakhmanov R. S. , Khayrov R. Sh.
Published: September 2021

Objective: to search for markers of health risk in ice hockey players by the blood parameters.

Materials and methods: a total of 40 blood parameters (that characterize nutrient metabolism, humoral immunity, oxidative and nitrosative stress, the system of antioxidant protection) in hockey players with different body weights were evaluated 2.5, 4, and 6 months of the playing season (n = 39).

Results: the levels of uric acid and creatinine indicated insufficient recreation of the organism after the games. Creatine phosphokinase­MB and AST indicated the influence on the cardiovascular muscle (verified by the De Ritis ratio). Dyslipidemia was the main factor of cardiovascular risk. Cortisol indicated the prevalence of catabolic processes and psychoemotional tension. The changes in the levels of immunoglobulins and C­reactive protein could result from a compensatory reaction of the organism to stress. The oxidized glutathione indicated the accumulation of products of lipid peroxidation and ongoing oxidative stress. The insufficiency in vitamins of groups B and E could decrease the effectiveness of enzymatic systems and enzymatic links of the oxidant system. The insufficiency of chrome could impair carbohydrate and fat metabolism.

Conclusion: predictors for prenosological diagnostics of general health were established. They included urea, total cholesterol of high and low density, vitamin­mineral balance parameters, isoform of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, cortisol, and glutathione. Professional activity had the most negative influence on the health of sportsmen with lower body weight.
Epidemiologic Profile of Vehicular Accident Patients in the Largest Hospital in the Philippines Covering Ten Years
Authors: Lu Jinky Leilanie , Herbosa Teodoro J. , Lu Sophia Francesca D.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. Globally, the number of people who die from road crashes continues to rise, reaching a high of 1.35 million in 2016. Due to this continued increase in fatalities and injuries within the road transport system, especially in low- and middle-income countries, 2011 to 2020 was declared by the United Nations General Assembly in 2010 as the Decade of Action for Road Safety.

Objectives. This study looked into the epidemiology of road crashes and injuries in Metro Manila over ten years, from 2008-2017, from data gathered at the Department of Surgery of the Philippine General Hospital (PGH).

Method. A retrospective review of patients’ clinical records was conducted to describe the epidemiology of road crash cases in the Trauma Division, Department of Surgery of the PGH. Clinical records of the road crash patients admitted to the division over the ten years, January 1, 2008, to December 31, 2017, were extracted from the Integrated Surgical Information System (ISIS).

Results. A total of 422 patients were admitted to the PGH Department of Surgery and recorded in the ISIS database, from 2008 to 2017, who suffered from road crashes in Metro Manila. Most of these patients (80.8%) were male. The mean age of patients was 32.4 years. The highest number of admissions (27.5%) and road crash deaths (6.9%) were in 2016; the highest number was from the city of Manila (26.7%), and most happened at nighttime (61.8%) between 6:00 PM and 5:59 AM. Throughout the years, motorcycle (52.8%) was the vehicle type involved. Among patients with helmet use information, 65.4% were not wearing helmets, 91.2% had a history of alcohol intake. The majority incurred multiple injuries (82.7%), with the external region (53.8%) as the most common. Patients who sustained injuries to their head and neck region were five times more likely to die and six times more likely to have an unchanged patient outcome than those who did not have these injuries. Patients who had a GCS of 8 and below or those who had severe brain injuries were eight times more likely to die and six times more likely to have an unchanged patient outcome.

Conclusion. This study looked into the epidemiology of road crash cases admitted to the Surgery Department of the PGH. Road crash injuries and deaths remain a growing concern among the citizens of Metro Manila. It is hoped that the results of this study will provide policymakers with an objective and data-driven perspective on road crashes.
Correlation of Telomere Length and Serotonin Levels with Job Stress and Locus of Control Type among Nurses at a Private Hospital in Gianyar, Indonesia
Authors: Purnawati Susy , Dinata I Made Krisna , Wandira Lina , Arijana I G Kamasan Nyoman
Published: September 2021

Objectives. Telomere length and its relationship to job stress among workers in the health sector in Indonesia, especially in Bali, have never been studied. The purpose of the study was to analyze the correlation of the telomere length and serotonin levels to job stress and the type of locus of control (LOC) among nurses who were running shift work.

Method. This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from April to November 2018 among 68 nurses who were running shift work at a private hospital in Gianyar. The telomere length was measured with the absolute telomere length (aTL) using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. Locus of control (LOC) was assessed using the IPC-LOC questionnaire. Serotonin level was measured by the immunoassay technique. Job stress was measured using the BJSQ. Data analysis was conducted with Chi-squared test, correlation test, and independent sample t-test.

Results. There was a significant correlation of job stress with telomere length (p = 0.03). Nurses with job stress faced a 2.9 times risk of short telomere (prevalence ratio, PR = 2.95, 95% CI 1.02, 7.91). The mean telomere length was 17.32 ± 7.80 in nurses who experienced job stress vs. 22.45 ± 8.41 in nurses who did not experience job stress. Comparing with a previous study done by to O’Callaghan et al., in the young group, the mean aTL was 97.2 kb/diploid genome (range 35-260). We also found a significant correlation of job stress score with serotonin level (p = 0.02). The serotonin level among nurses with LOC-e type was lower than LOC-i.

Conclusion. There was a significant correlation between job stress and telomere length, where nurses who experienced job stress had a shorter telomere than those who did not experience job stress. There was also a significant correlation between job stress and serotonin levels, where the mean of serotonin levels in nurses with LOC-e type was lower than LOC-i.
Dijitalleşme ve Etik Sorunlar: Nesnelerin İnterneti Teknolojisini Gözetim, Gizlilik, Güvenlik Kapsamında Değerlendirme
Authors: ÖZTÜRK İlknur , ZEYBEK Burcu
Published: September 2021

İnternet teknolojisi üzerinden birbirleriyle haberleşebilen nesnelerin meydana getirdiği ağ olan Nesnelerin İnternet’i (IoT) önemli bir veri kaynağı olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Nesnelerin İnterneti (IoT) ile veri paylaşımı yapılabilmekte, aynı zamanda yaşam kalitesini iyileştirmek, yeni hizmetler ve uygulamalar oluşturmak için tüm cihazlara bağlanılabilmektedir. IoT, çeşitli cihazların ve nesnelerin adreslenebilir olmasını sağlamakla birlikte, bu cihazları tanıyabilmekte ve yerini belirleyebilmektedir. Nesnelerin birbirine bağlandığı bu ağın kullanımı ise etik sorunları da beraberinde getirmektedir. Dijitalleşme sürecinin bir parçası olan IoT’un yararlı kullanım alanları ile birlikte güvenlik açıkları, gizlilik ihlalleri ve mahremiyete saygısızlık, gözetim toplumunun inşa edilmesi gibi çeşitli güçlükleri ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu güçlükleri öncelikli olarak ele almak ve IoT ürünleri ve hizmetleri için güvenlik ve gizliliğin sağlanması temel olmalıdır. Buradan hareketle çalışma, IoT teknolojilerinin etik yaklaşımla kullanımına dikkat çekmeyi ve gözetim, bilgi güvenliği, gizlilik sorunlarını tartışmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, IoT teknolojisinin kullanımı kapsamında, tehditlerin ve çözüm önerilerinin incelenmesi açısından önemlidir. Sonuç olarak mahremiyet ve şeffaflık ile gizlilik ve gözetimin aynı anda bir arada olamayacağından duruma göre esnek bir biçimde karşılanması gerektiği anlaşılmıştır. Güvenlik sorunu konusunda da sorumluluğun, IoT cihazı sağlayıcıları ve kullanıcıları tarafından paylaşılmasının gerektiği görülmüştür. Diğer yandan kullanıcının gizlilik ve güvenlik konusunda bilinçli olmasını sağlamak elzemdir.
Sosyal Mesaj İçerikli Reklamlar: Türk Telekom Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk Projeleri Reklam Filminin Göstergebilimsel Çözümlemesi
Authors: YÜKSEL Hakan
Published: September 2021

Reklamların ticari olduğu kadar toplumsal yönü de bulunmaktadır ve bu bağlamda kamuoyu yararı gözetilerek hedef kitleye içerikler sunulabilmektedir. Söz konusu yararı öncelik edinen ve sosyal sorumluluğu dikkate alan sunumlar olarak, sosyal mesaj içerikli reklamlar öne çıkmaktadır. Bu tür reklamlarda farkındalık oluşturmak da önemlidir ve reklam kitlesi etki altına alınarak hareket edilmektedir. Reklamların en etkili olduğu alanlar ise medya araçlarıdır ve görsel/işitsel/yazınsal medyada sunulan reklamlarla etki ağı genişletilebilmektedir. Sunulan reklamların mesajını algılayabilmek için göstergeler ayrıca önemlidir ve bu doğrultuda derinlemesine çözümlenmesi gerekir. Dolayısıyla mevcut çalışmada reklam içeriğinin çözümlenebilmesi için göstergebilimsel yöntemden yararlanılmıştır ve örneklem olarak incelenen reklam filmi incelenmiştir. Sosyal mesaj içerikli bir reklam filmi olan içeriğin göstergebilimsel yöntemle analizi yapılırken görsel, dilsel ve işitsel göstergelere odaklanılmıştır. Netice olarak elde edilen bulgular, hem reklam sahneleri hem de tablolar üzerinden yorumlanmıştır. Böylece göstergelerin düz anlamları ve yan anlamları vurgulanmıştır.
Türkiye’de kamu borçlanması: 2002-2019 dönemi için dinamik bir analiz
Authors: Altıok Şeyma Buket , Sürekçi Yamaçlı Dilek
Published: September 2021

Çalışmada Türkiye’de kamu iç ve dış borçlanmasının nedenleri 2002-2019 dönemi için incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın uygulama yöntemleri Gecikmesi Dağıtılmış Otoregresif Model (ARDL) ve Hata Düzeltme Modeli’dir (ECM). Çalışmanın sonuçları gerek kısa gerekse uzun dönemde kamu borç stoku üzerinde en güçlü etkiye sahip olan değişkenin cari denge olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bunun yanı sıra, kamu iç borçlanması ile sabit sermaye yatırım harcamaları ve döviz kuru arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öte yandan, yurtiçi faiz oranı kamu iç borç stokunu negatif yönlü etkilerken, kamu dış borçlanması ile bütçe açığı ve reel efektif döviz kuru arasında pozitif yönlü ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak kamu borçlanmasında yurt dışı faiz oranı ve istihdam oranının etkili olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca iki model için de ECM mekanizmasının işlediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Right to Privacy and Rule of Law in India
Authors: P Mrs. Shwetha
Published: September 2021

The term “Privacy” is used frequently in ordinary language as well as in philosophical, political and legal discussions, yet there is no single definition or analysis or meaning of the term that is comprehensive to give the full idea of privacy. The concept of privacy has broad historical roots in sociological and anthropological discussions about how extensively it is valued and preserved in various cultures. One of the most cherished human rights is right to privacy. It is a fundamental human right, enshrined in numerous international human rights instruments. It is central to the protection of human dignity and forms the basis of any democratic society. In general parlance privacy is the ability of an individual or group to seclude them or information about themselves and thereby reveal them selectively. Privacy is sometimes related to anonymity, the wish to remain unnoticed or unidentified in the public realm. It is right to be let alone. It’s a negative right imposing negative duty on the rest of the world. In the context of India the position of law on right to privacy was clarified by Supreme Court in Justice K Puttaswamy v. Union of India, here court held that privacy is a constitutionally protected right which emerges, primarily, from Article 21 of the Constitution. However, this is not an absolute right but interference must meet the three fold requirement of (i) Legality; (ii) the need for a legitimate aim and (iii) proportionality. Mean to say that right to privacy shall be asserted and enjoyed in accordance with rule of law. We can define the society of law, or the rule of law, as an arrangement in which the individual is able to plan his own life by adhering to rules by which he will avoid all penalties enforced by law. Such a definition entails several assumptions. It assumes generality that rules lay down general standards of conduct for all citizens equally. It assumes that the rules will be stated with sufficient clarity, that there is little or no question what forms of behavior are permitted or prohibited by the rule. It assumes that the rules are coherent, that is, that there is an established hierarchy to determine which rules govern in cases of conflict and that there are not conflicts in the rules governing the same situations. It assumes that the rules are backed by authoritative enforcement, that there is governmental structure responsible for determining cases of conflict under the rules. In the present paper the author intends to explain the relation between Right to Privacy and Rule of Law. Further effort is made to explain how realization of right to privacy in India is difficult in the absence of certain basic aspects of rule of law in relation to right to privacy. Also it is emphsised that absence of certain aspects of rule of law vis-à-vis right to privacy strikes at constitutionalism.
A expressão do futuro do presente, a terceira onda variacionista, os gêneros do discurso e o mundo pós-COVID-19: algumas discussões
Authors: Lacerda Marcela Langa
Published: September 2021

Este texto, em homenagem à professora Edair Maria Görski, objetiva resgatar algumas reflexões empreendidas por Bragança (2017) no que tange a implicações teórico-metodológicas decorrentes da centralidade que os gêneros do discurso ganham em alguns trabalhos de terceira onda variacionista, fazendo emergir um novo ângulo investigativo para fenômenos variáveis, tais como a expressão do futuro do presente. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, examinam-se (i) parte da literatura sobre esse fenômeno e (ii) parte da literatura da terceira onda variacionista, para ancorar uma breve análise de dois artigos jornalísticos que versam sobre o futuro pós-COVID-19. Os resultados dessa reflexão apontam, como consequências teórico-metodológicas da incorporação de novas perspectivas sobre a variação na terceira onda variacionista, dentre outros aspectos, para: (i) a visão de língua como prática social, sendo a prática discursiva a que recebe mais atenção; (ii) o foco na compreensão da paisagem social das práticas discursivas, por meio do exame da prática estilística; (iii) os gêneros do discurso como o quadro mais produtivo para o exame do estilo linguístico;  (iv) o estilo linguístico como uma propriedade do gênero; (v) o linguístico e sua exterioridade como dimensões integradas; (vi) a imprescindibilidade de análise da dimensão social e verbal dos gêneros do discurso, para exame de formas em variação/mudança; (vii) a relação forma-função do fenômeno em tela sendo contraída no âmbito do estilo do gênero e estando a serviço de sua orientação ideológica. Sob esse novo ângulo, muito ainda há o que se investigar sobre a expressão do futuro do presente.
A história se faz presente: a influência dos dialetos italianos na fala em português de jovens estudantes do oeste de Santa Catarina
Authors: Spessatto Marizete Bortolanza
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como foco a análise da variação linguística que caracteriza a interferência de uma língua de imigração na fala em português. Trata-se da interferência dos dialetos italianos, sobretudo o vêneto (também chamado de talian, em cenário brasileiro) e se evidencia especialmente por um fenômeno de variação fonológica, com a produção de tepe em contextos de vibrante múltipla, levando à produção de “caro” quando o esperado seria “carro”. Partindo de estudos anteriores sobre o tema, delimitou-se a análise a um grupo de 20 falantes jovens, sendo eles estudantes de anos finais do ensino fundamental (idade entre 12 e 16 anos, no período de desenvolvimento da pesquisa). Como base teórica, seguimos os preceitos da Teoria da Variação, também chamada de Sociolinguística Quantitativa. Os resultados da pesquisa, com a análise quantitativa dos dados linguísticos, por meio do programa estatístico VARBRUL (PINTZUK, 1988), mostraram uma acentuada variação na fala dos estudantes, que produziram tepe em 76% dos contextos de vibrante múltipla tanto em início de palavra, como em “Roma”, quanto em posição intervocálica de vibrante múltipla, como em “terra”. Os dados evidenciam a manutenção desse fenômeno em variação, já identificado em pesquisas desenvolvidas a partir dos anos de 1980, mesmo se tratando de sujeitos jovens, a maior parte deles não-detentora da língua de origem do seu grupo étnico.
Improving Quality of Life for Children With Cerebral Palsy in Vietnam: Implementation of Intensive Models of Rehabilitation
Authors: Coker-Bolt Patricia , DeLuca Stephanie C. , Khánh Chi Hoàng , Tường Giao Lê Tường Lê , Nguyễn Thị Đang , Bich Ngoc Nguyen Thi
Published: September 2021

Date Presented 04/8/21

Vietnamese therapists developed constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT) models and completed a prospective nonrandomized study at two hospitals in Vietnam. Therapists at Hanoi Rehab Hospital delivered a low-dose (30-hour) CIMT protocol, and therapists in Ho Chi Minh City Children's Hospital delivered a high-dose (72-hour) CIMT protocol. Children in both low- and high-dose CIMT groups showed improvements in everyday activities and individual therapy goals. This study advances the delivery of evidence-based practice in Vietnam.

Primary Author and Speaker: Patricia Coker-Bolt

Additional Authors and Speakers: Katherine Breithaupt

Contributing Authors: Lauren Williams
Active breaks during virtual classrooms in schoolchildren in times of COVID-19 pandemic: A strategy to increase physical activity levels
Authors:   Universidad de Los Lagos, Azócar-Gallardo Jairo ,   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ojeda-Aravena Alex ,   Universidad de Los Lagos,   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
Published: September 2021

As a result of the closure of schools to control COVID-19 transmission, the lifestyle of schoolchildren changed, with an increase in excess malnutrition, sedentary behavior, decreased outdoor time and increased screen time. The modification in the execution of classes in their new modalities (on-site or virtual) does not modify the deleterious effects of the sedentary behavior of schoolchildren. Short cumulative active breaks can be an efficient strategy to meet the minimum physical activity recommendations suggested by the WHO for children and adolescents aged 5-17 years.
A mini review on challenges and opportunities in dinoflagellates cultivation
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Yure , Olivera Alfredo
Published: September 2021

Dinoflagellates are photosynthetic protists commonly distributed in marine and freshwater environments and can be found in symbiotic associations. They are a significant primary producer and play a fundamental role in the functioning of aquatic ecosystems – especially for coral reefs. Dinoflagellates can produce a wide variety of secondary metabolites, and their toxins can affect fish, birds and mammals. In recent years these toxins have been found to have potential cytotoxic, anticancer, antibiotics, antifungals activities. This mini review covers the main genera of dinoflagellates, and challenges and advances in their cultivation in addition to prospects for development of dinoflagellates-based products.
Combining probability scores to optimize clinical use of the NICHD Neonatal BPD Outcome Estimator
Authors: Leigh Rebekah , Tan John B. , DeGiorgio Shirin , Cha Minha , Kent Chelsea , Yeh Hung-Wen , Chou Fu-Sheng
Published: September 2021

Objective: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) continues to prevail among very preterm infants. While NICHD BPD Outcome Estimator is easy to use, the clinical interpretation remains challenging. This study aims to optimize its use.

Study Design: A retrospective study was conducted with 469 infants born between 2015 and 2020. Data were entered into the Estimator to obtain probability scores. Trajectories of the probability scores were modeled using generalized additive modeling. The optimal cutoff number for predicting severe BPD or death was identified by a grid search from a range established by the original population distribution and the ROC curve.

Result: Combining probability scores from the severe and death categories and the no-BPD and mild categories may improve BPD outcome prediction. A cutoff of 21% combining outcome probabilities from severe and death categories is predictive of severe BPD or death.

Conclusion: Combining probability scores of different categories improves BPD outcome prediction.
Shelf life of plasma focus chambers with deuterium-tritium filling
Authors: Yurkov Dmitriy , Lavrenin Victor , Lemeshko Boris , Mikhailov Yurii , Prokuratov Ilya , Dulatov Ali
Published: September 2021

The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the shelf life of sealed plasma focus chambers with deuterium-tritium and deuterium fillings. Shelf life is defined as maintaining the level of neutron yield during operation of PF chambers as part of pulsed neutron generators after long storage intervals. The release of impurities from the inner surfaces of the PF chamber and the accumulation of he-lium He3 due to the decay of tritium in the volume of the sealed-off PF chambers leads to a significant decrease in the neutron radiation yield several years after the chamber is filled with the working mixture. The paper shows that the shelf life of the chambers is significantly increased when using a gas generator, in which hy-drogen isotopes are contained in a bound state, and are released into the inner volume of the chamber only for the duration of operation as part of neutron gen-erators. It has been shown experimentally that spherical chambers of the PF9 type provide a level of neutron radiation yield Y, close to the initial value in the manu-facture of chambers, after more than 10 years of storage.
Mısırlı Kârîlerin Mücevved Tilâvetlerinin Metro-Ritmik Karakteri
Authors: Çiftçi Muhammed Recai
Published: September 2021

Mısır, İslam dünyasında Kur'an tilâveti için dikkate değer ve seçkin bir merkez konumunda bulunmaktadır. Bu coğrafyada yetişen kudretli okuyucuların bütün dünyada şöhret kazandığı görülmektedir. Abdüssamed, Husarî, Minşâvî, Muhammed Rif’at, Mustafa İsmâil ve Şa‘şâî gibi isimlerin de arasında bulunduğu kârîlerin tilâvetleri, özellikle 20. yüzyılın ikinci yarısında daha çok radyo ve kaset gibi teknolojilerle dünya müslümanlarına ulaşma imkanı bulmuştur. Mısırlı okuyucuların okuyuşları, hız karakteri, melodik yapı ve sunum gibi ön plana çıkan bazı dinamiklere bağlı olarak iki kategoride şekillenmektedir. Murattel ve mücevved olarak isimlendirilen bu okuyuşların sunum ve melodik yapı gibi özellikleri batıdaki çeşitli araştırmalarda analiz edilmiş olsa da, zamansal ve metro-ritmik özelliklerinin inceleme konusu yapılmadığı anlaşılmaktadır. Mücevved okuyuşların analiz edileceği bu araştırmanın amacı, öncelikle Mısır’da iki kategoride şekillenen okuyuşlar arasında etraflı bir karşılaştırma yapılmasına imkan tanıyacak ön adımları atmak, daha sonra da bu okuyuşlarla ülkemizdeki okuyuşların benzeşen ve ayrışan yönlerinin ortaya konulmasına imkan tanımaktır. Bu araştırmada Abdüssamed, Husarî, Minşâvî, Muhammed Rif’at, Mustafa İsmâil ve Şa‘şâî’nin Fâtiha sûresi okuyuşları analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler değerlendirildiğinde okuyuşların büyük oranda benzeştiği ortaya çıkmıştır.
Mu‘tezile’nin Mucize Anlayışı ve Nazzâm’ın Sarfe Teorisi Bağlamında Genel Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: İpek Mikail
Published: September 2021

İslâm mütekellimlerine göre mucize, peygamberlik alametidir ve birtakım özelliklere sahip olması gerekmektedir. Mu‘tezile’ye göre mucizenin üç temel özelliği vardır: Allah’ın fiili olması, olağanüstü olması ve nübüvvet iddiasından sonra, iddiaya uygun bir şekilde meydana gelmesidir. Onlara göre Kur’an-ı Kerim de belâgat ve fesahat açısından bir mucizedir. Fakat Nazzâm, “Sarfe Teorisi” ile bunu reddetmiştir. O Kur’an’ın belâgat ve fesahat açısından bir mucize olmadığını iddia etmiştir. Ona göre müşriklerin Kur’an’ın benzerini getirememelerinin sebebi Allah’ın özel müdahalesidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı da Mu‘tezile’nin mucize anlayışını ortaya koymak ve bu bağlamda “Sarfe Teorisi”ni değerlendirmektir. Bu itibarla, zihinlerde beliren bazı soru işaretlerinin giderilecek olmasını temenni etmekteyiz. Yapılan çalışmada mucize kavramı açıklanmış ve Mu‘tezile’nin mucize anlayışı ortaya konmuştur.
Hucurât Sûresinin 6. Âyeti Bağlamında Sosyal Medyadaki Gerçekdışı Haberler
Authors: Yıldız İbrahim
Published: September 2021

Günümüzde sosyal medya, kullanıcılarının iletişim ve haber alma ihtiyaçlarını önemli oranda karşılamaktadır. Fakat sosyal medyadaki sahte kullanıcı profillerinin varlığı, paylaşılan içeriklerin gerçek olup olmadığı konusunda şüpheler oluşturmaktadır. Hucurât sûresinin 6. âyetinde masum insanlara zarar vermemek için bir fâsığın getirdiği haberin iyice araştırılması emredilmektedir. Dinî ve ahlâkî durumları bilinmeyen sosyal medya kullanıcıları, doğrudan fâsık olarak nitelendirilemese de en azından bunların fâsık olma ihtimali bulunan meçhul kişiler oldukları kesindir. Bu nedenle onların aktardıkları haberler de ilgili âyetin kapsamına girmektedir. Müslümanların sosyal medya platformlarında gerçekdışı haberleri beğenerek, paylaşarak veya yorumlayarak masum insanların maddî veya manevî zarar görmelerine sebep olmaları, dinî açıdan sorumluluk gerektiren fiillerdendir. Bu çalışmada sosyal medya, sahte kullanıcı hesabı açma, gerçekdışı haber üretip yayma ve bunların dinî sorumluluğu konuları, Hucurât sûresinin 6. âyeti bağlamında derinlemesine araştırılmıştır. Çalışmamızda Kur’ân, tefsir, internet ve sosyal medya konularında literatür taraması metodu kullanılarak elde edilen veriler, sosyal medya platformlarının dijital ortamda incelenmesi ile desteklenmiştir.
Kıraat Estetiği Bakımından Kur’an Tilâveti
Authors: Çakıcı İrfan
Published: September 2021

Kur’an tilâvetiyle ilgili bir kısmı bağlayıcı, bir kısmı ise ihtiyari olmak üzere pek çok temel ilke ve esastan bahsedilebilir. Buna göre Kur’ân’ı Kerîm kıraatinin makbul bir ibadet olabilmesi için niyet, ihlas, tecvîd gibi bazı ilkeler her kârî için asgarî seviyede de olsa gerekli iken; âdâp, makam, mimik gibi bazı hususlar ise herkes için zorunlu değildir. Kur’an okumada zorunlu olmayan, bununla birlikte kıraatle ilgili uygulamalara keyfiyet kazandıran ve dolayısıyla dikkate alınması gereken ilkelerden biri de tilâvetin estetik yönüdür. Pek çok ilmî disiplin için kullanılan “estetik” kavramıyla Kur’an tilâvetinde kulağa, göze ve gönle hitap eden birtakım incelikler kastedilmektedir. Bu tür incelikler harflerin telaffuzu ile ilgili uygulamalar, kıraat esnasında ağız, dudak ve mimiklerle ilgili incelikler ve sesin kullanımıyla ilgili uygulamalar olarak tasnif edilebilir. Yapılan çalışmada, ülkemizde yürütülen Kur’an eğitim öğretim faaliyetlerinde çoğu zaman ihmal edilen estetiğe dair inceliklere dikkat çekilecek ve bu gibi zafiyetlerin giderilmesi noktasında bazı önerilerde bulunulacaktır.
Sosyal Bir Hastalık Ve Gayrimeşru Bir Evlilik: “Nikâhu’l-Makt”
Authors: Kıylık Mustafa Harun
Published: September 2021

Sağlıklı bir toplum, geleceğe emin adımlarla ilerlemek isteyen her millet için büyük önemi haizdir. Bu da ancak sağlıklı bir aile yapısı ile mümkündür. Câhiliye dönemi Arap toplumunda birçok alanda olduğu gibi aile hayatında da bir disiplin yoktu. Duyulduğu zaman insanların tüylerini ürpertecek türden evlilik, birliktelik ve boşama şekilleri yerleşik bir hal almıştı. Vahiyden uzak yaşanan hayat, insanları sosyal, ekonomik ve ahlaki alanlarda infiale sebebiyet verecek tasarruflarda bulunmaya sevk ettiği için, doğru yoldan sapan bu topluma ilahi müdahale kaçınılmaz olmuş ve aile hayatı dâhil tüm alanlardaki yanlış uygulamalar kaldırılmıştır. İslâm’da soy bağı ve nesillerin korunması büyük ehemmiyet arz ettiği için sadece evlenilmesi haram olan kişilerin kimler olduğunun beyan edilmesi ile yetinilmemiş, aileye yönelik başka tedbirler de alınmıştır. Bu çalışmada, câhiliye döneminde sosyal bir hastalık olarak uygulama alanı bulan ve literatüre “nikâhu’l-makt” (nefret evliliği) şeklinde geçen evlilik türü, yasaklandığı ayet çerçevesinde ele alınmış, söz konusu nikâhın failine ne tür bir ceza verileceği hususu mevcut görüş ayrılıkları çerçevesinde incelenmiştir.
Durvalumab (Imfinzi)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: September 2021

CADTH recommends that Imfinzi should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of adult patients with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) if certain conditions are met.

Imfinzi should only be reimbursed if it is prescribed and monitored by clinicians who have been trained in oncology and immunotherapy, and if the price of Imfinzi is reduced.

Imfinzi should only be covered to treat adult patients who have not received previous treatment for ES-SCLC.
Pembrolizumab (Keytruda)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: September 2021

CADTH recommends that Keytruda (pembrolizumab) should be reimbursed as monotherapy for the first-line treatment of metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer if certain conditions are met.

Keytruda should only be reimbursed if prescribed by clinicians with experience in immuno-oncology and treating colorectal cancer, and if the price of the drug is reduced.

Keytruda should only be covered to treat patients who have not received prior treatment for metastatic MSI-H/dMMR colorectal cancer and have a good performance status at the start of treatment with pembrolizumab.
Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplant for Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Tran Khai , Loshak Hannah
Published: September 2021

Evidence from 2 randomized controlled trials and 4 retrospective studies with limited methodological quality suggests that treatment with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was associated with significant improvement in clinical outcomes (e.g., disease progression, clinical relapse), MRI outcomes, the composite outcome “No Evidence of Disease Activity,” and quality of life compared to disease-modifying therapies.

Treatment with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was associated with no treatment-related mortality or life-threatening complications including progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. However, autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was associated with expected short-term adverse events including febrile neutropenia, organ infections, sepsis, and viral reactivations; and long-term adverse events including the development of new autoimmune diseases, mainly thyroid disease.

Both identified guidelines recommend the use of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation as standard of care for the treatment of highly active relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients refractory to disease-modifying therapies and suggest that the treatment may be appropriate for progressive forms of multiple sclerosis with an active inflammatory component.

No cost-effectiveness studies were identified.
Chlorhexidine Gluconate for Skin Preparation During Catheter Insertion and Surgical Procedures
Authors: Tingley Kylie , Lê Mê-Linh
Published: September 2021

There is a lack of evidence on the clinical effectiveness of chlorhexidine gluconate wipes for patients being prepped for urinary catheter insertion in acute or community care. More research in this area is needed.

In critical care settings, bathing with chlorhexidine gluconate wipes results in either a reduction or no difference in the risk of infection compared to bathing with soap and water.

The results from 1 study demonstrated that using chlorhexidine gluconate‒impregnated cloths the night before and morning of admission pre-surgery reduced infections at the site of the prosthetic in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty when compared to standard soap and water bathing.

When reported, adverse events associated with chlorhexidine gluconate wipes included mild skin irritation.
The Portable Neuromodulation Stimulator: Targeting Neuroplasticity for Balance or Gait Deficit
Authors: Khangura Sara D.
Published: September 2021

CADTH’s Horizon Scanning Service identifies new and emerging technologies that may be of interest to health care decision-makers in Canada

Health Technology Update articles generally focus on a single technology or intervention.

This Horizon Scan presents a brief summary of information relevant to the Portable Neuromodulation Stimulator, designed to be used in conjunction with physical therapy to improve balance or gait impairments associated with mild-to-moderate symptoms of multiple sclerosis or mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury.
Venetoclax (Venclexta)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: September 2021

CADTH recommends that Venclexta in combination with low-dose cytarabine (LDAC) should not be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of patients with newly diagnosed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) who are 75 years or older, or who have comorbidities that preclude the use of intensive induction chemotherapy.

Evidence from 1 clinical trial demonstrated that treatment with Venclexta plus LDAC did not improve overall survival compared to treatment with LDAC alone. No conclusions could be drawn for other important outcomes including remission rates, transfusion independence, event-free survival, quality of life, and symptoms.

Patients identified a need for treatments that can maintain remission, improve quality of life and symptoms (fatigue), and that have fewer side effects. It is unclear whether Venclexta plus LDAC meets these needs.

Economic evidence suggests that Venclexta plus LDAC is not cost-effective at a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50,000 per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY), even at a 100% reduction in the price of Venclexta.

Based on public list prices, the 3-year budget impact is $70,006,541. This estimate is larger than the value identified by drug plans as feasible for adoption.
Daunorubicin and Cytarabine (Vyxeos)
Authors: Reimbursement Team
Published: September 2021

CADTH recommends that Vyxeos should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the treatment of adults with newly diagnosed therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia (t-AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) if certain conditions are met.

Vyxeos should only be reimbursed if the induction cycles are administered in an inpatient setting and supervised by a hematologist with expertise in managing patients with acute leukemia and if the cost of Vyxeos is reduced.

Vyxeos should only be covered to treat adult patients with newly diagnosed t-AML or AML-MRC who were deemed fit for intensive chemotherapy by the treating physician.