bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of a Solid‐State Supramolecule Enhanced by Cucurbit[6]uril
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Yuan , Chen Yong , Liu Yu
Published: March 2019

Efficient emission of purely organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) is of great significant for potential application in optoelectronics and photobiology. Herein, we report an uncommon phosphorescent effect of organic single molecule enhanced by resulting supramolecular assembly of host–guest complexation. The chromophore bromophenyl‐methyl‐pyridinium (PY) with different counterions as guests display various phosphorescence quantum yields from 0.4 % to 24.1 %. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction results indicate that the chromophore with iodide counterion (PYI) exhibits the highest efficiency maybe due to the halogen‐bond interactions. Significantly, the nanosupramolecular assembly of PY chloride complexation with the cucurbit[6]uril gives a greatly enhanced phosphorescent quantum yield up to 81.2 % in ambient. Such great enhancement is because of the strict encapsulation of cucurbit[6]uril, which prevents the nonradiative relaxation and promotes intersystem crossing (ISC). This supramolecular assembly concept with counterions effect provides a novel approach for the improvement of RTP.
Outstanding antifouling performance of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes: Novel amphiphilic brushlike copolymer blends and one‐step surface zwitterionization
Authors: Wang Jianxiu , Liu Ling , Qu Zhihua , Qu Zhiqing , He Chunju
Published: March 2019

In this study, we endowed a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane with outstanding antifouling ability by blending the hierarchical amphiphilic brushlike copolymer [poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐b‐polydimethylsiloxane‐b‐poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate)]‐g‐poly(N,N‐dimethylamino‐2‐ethyl methacrylate) with different initial monomer/initiator feed ratios and performing a one‐step surface zwitterionization of spontaneously segregated poly(N,N‐dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) segments. Interestingly, nanoscale granular micelles were formed on the surface during zwitterionization because of the migration and self‐assembly of the amphiphilic copolymer; this contributed to the membrane hydrophilicity and antifouling ability. During the filtration of the model foulant bovine serum albumin (BSA) aqueous solution, the BSA rejection ratio and flux recovery ratio increased remarkably to 94.8 and 100.0%, respectively. Moreover, the modified membranes also possessed stable and durable antifouling properties after three cycles of BSA filtration. Thus, this study provided a versatile method for constructing a PVDF ultrafiltration membrane that could achieve high permeability and good antifouling properties in efficient wastewater treatment. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47637.
A Fifty‐Two–Week, Randomized, Placebo‐Controlled Trial of Certolizumab Pegol in Nonradiographic Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Deodhar Atul , Gensler Lianne S. , Kay Jonathan , Maksymowych Walter P. , Haroon Nigil , Landewé Robert , Rudwaleit Martin , Hall Stephen , Bauer Lars , Hoepken Bengt , de Peyrecave Natasha , Kilgallen Brian , van der Heijde Désirée
Published: March 2019

Objective

The natural history of nonradiographic axial spondyloarthritis (SpA) is incompletely characterized, and there are concerns that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs provide inadequate disease control in patients with active disease. This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of certolizumab pegol (CZP), an anti–tumor necrosis factor treatment, in patients with nonradiographic axial SpA with objective signs of inflammation.

Methods

In this ongoing parallel‐group double‐blind study, adults with active disease were recruited from 80 centers in Australia, Europe, North America, and Taiwan, and were randomized 1:1 to receive placebo or CZP (400 mg at weeks 0, 2, and 4, followed by 200 mg every 2 weeks) in addition to nonbiologic background medication (NBBM). Switching to open‐label CZP (or other biologic) or making background medication changes was permitted at any point during the trial, although changes before week 12 were discouraged. The primary end point was the proportion of patients achieving major improvement (MI) (i.e., a ≥2.0‐point decrease in the score from baseline or achievement of the lowest possible score [0.6]) in the Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) at week 52.

Results

A total of 317 patients were randomized to receive placebo plus NBBM (n = 158) or CZP plus NBBM (n = 159). ASDAS‐MI at week 52 was achieved in 47.2% (75 of 159) of CZP plus NBBM patients, which was significantly greater (P < 0.0001) than the 7.0% (11 of 158) of placebo plus NBBM patients in whom ASDAS‐MI was achieved. Of the placebo plus NBBM patients, 60.8% (96 of 158) switched to open‐label treatment before week 52 compared to 12.6% (20 of 159) of the CZP plus NBBM patients.

Conclusion

Adding CZP to background medication is superior to adding placebo in patients with active nonradiographic axial SpA. These results indicate that remission in nonradiographic axial SpA treated without biologics occurs infrequently, demonstrating the need for treatment beyond nonbiologic therapy.
Review of Risk Assessment of Major Anatomical Variations in Clinical Dentistry
Authors: Iwanaga Joe , Kikuta Shogo , Tanaka Tsuyoshi , Kamura Yasuhiko , Tubbs R. Shane
Published: March 2019

Most of the studies of the mandible's anatomical variations have presented the authors' speculations, and only a limited number has provided evidence that demonstrated the actual complications injury to the variant structures caused. To our knowledge, no study has evaluated the risks associated with these variant anatomical structures' injury. We reviewed articles that described clinical cases of the injury to, and anatomical studies of, three anatomical variants of the mandible—the accessory mental, lingual, and retromolar foramina—with which dentists are relatively familiar and that are mentioned often in the context of implant and third molar surgeries, to describe risk assessment methods with which to evaluate potential complications preoperatively. Only a limited number of the clinical reports of injury to the mandible's accessory foramina were available. The potential severe complication of injury of the accessory mental foramen (AMF) is sensory disturbance of the lower lip. Risk of neurosensory disturbance of lower lip can be assessed by AMF/MF ratio and positional relations to the MF. Potential severe complication of injury of the lingual foramen is bleeding and hemorrhage in the oral cavity's floor. Risk of bleeding can be assessed by diameter and positional relation between the mental spine/mylohyoid line. A risk assessment of the retromolar foramen could not be made because of inadequate data. We hope the risk assessments suggested will encourage dentists to predict intraoperative/postoperative complications caused by damaging the mandible's accessory foramina. Clin. Anat. 32:672–677, 2019. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
LIBOR sunset: Discover what it means for higher ed finance
Authors: Scott Kevin B.
Published: March 2019

If you have a role in the financial aspects of your college or university, you may be aware that LIBOR (London Inter‐Bank Offered Rate) is set to be discontinued in the last quarter of 2021. LIBOR has been the base index for most variable‐rate loans, bonds, interest‐rate swaps, and other instruments for many years. Despite the trillions of dollars of debt obligations based on LIBOR, there hasn't been as much press as one would expect about its imminent demise.
Address the challenges of animals on campus
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: March 2019

ALBUQUERQUE — When a student shows up on campus with a dog, he may not realize the difference between a pet, an assistance dog, an emotional support animal, and an Americans with Disabilities Act service dog, said Julie Ballinger of the Southwest ADA Center. The student just knows he does better if the animal is there, she added. It's up to you to interact with the student in a way that complies with the law and helps the student determine what category the animal fits into, she said.
Long noncoding RNA and mRNA profiling in cetuximab‐resistant colorectal cancer cells by RNA sequencing analysis
Authors: Jing Changwen , Ma Rong , Cao Haixia , Wang Zhuo , Liu Siwen , Chen Dan , Wu Yang , Zhang Junying , Wu Jianzhong
Published: March 2019

To gain an insight into the molecular mechanisms of cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer, we generated a cetuximab‐resistant cell line (H508/CR) and performed RNA sequencing to identify the differential expression patterns of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) and mRNAs between cetuximab‐sensitive and resistant cells. A total of 278 ncRNA transcripts and 1,059 mRNA transcripts were dysregulated in the cetuximab‐resistant cells. The expression levels of nine selected long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) were validated using quantitative real‐time PCR. Functional analysis revealed that several groups of lncRNAs might be involved in pathways associated with cetuximab resistance. Increased glucose consumption and lactate secretion in cetuximab‐resistant cells suggested that glucose metabolism might be involved in cetuximab resistance. In addition, lncRNA LINC00973 was upregulated in the H508/CR cell line and cells transfected with a LINC00973 short interfering RNA exhibited reduced cell viability, increased apoptosis, and decreased glucose consumption and lactate secretion. Our results provide essential data regarding differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in cetuximab‐resistant cells, which may provide new potential candidates for cetuximab therapy.
Clinical validation of an immunohistochemistry‐based CanAssist‐Breast test for distant recurrence prediction in hormone receptor‐positive breast cancer patients
Authors: Bakre Manjiri M. , Ramkumar Charusheila , Attuluri Arun Kumar , Basavaraj Chetana , Prakash Chandra , Buturovic Ljubomir , Madhav Lekshmi , Naidu Nirupama , R Prathima , Somashekhar S. P. , Gupta Sudeep , Doval Dinesh Chandra , Pegram Mark D.
Published: March 2019

CanAssist‐Breast (CAB) is an immunohistochemistry (IHC)‐based prognostic test for early‐stage Hormone Receptor (HR+)‐positive breast cancer patients. CAB uses a Support Vector Machine (SVM) trained algorithm which utilizes expression levels of five biomarkers (CD44, ABCC4, ABCC11, N‐Cadherin, and Pan‐Cadherin) and three clinical parameters such as tumor size, grade, and node status as inputs to generate a risk score and categorizes patients as low‐ or high‐risk for distant recurrence within 5 years of diagnosis. In this study, we present clinical validation of CAB. CAB was validated using a retrospective cohort of 857 patients. All patients were treated either with endocrine therapy or chemoendocrine therapy. Risk categorization by CAB was analyzed by calculating Distant Metastasis‐Free Survival (DMFS) and recurrence rates using Kaplan‐Meier survival curves. Multivariate analysis was performed to calculate Hazard ratios (HR) for CAB high‐risk vs low‐risk patients. The results showed that Distant Metastasis‐Free Survival (DMFS) was significantly different (P‐0.002) between low‐ (DMFS: 95%) and high‐risk (DMFS: 80%) categories in the endocrine therapy treated alone subgroup (n = 195) as well as in the total cohort (n = 857, low‐risk DMFS: 95%, high‐risk DMFS: 84%, P < 0.0001). In addition, the segregation of the risk categories was significant (P = 0.0005) in node‐positive patients, with a difference in DMFS of 12%. In multivariate analysis, CAB risk score was the most significant predictor of distant recurrence with hazard ratio of 3.2048 (P < 0.0001). CAB stratified patients into discrete risk categories with high statistical significance compared to Ki‐67 and IHC4 score‐based stratification. CAB stratified a higher percentage of the cohort (82%) as low‐risk than IHC4 score (41.6%) and could re‐stratify >74% of high Ki‐67 and IHC4 score intermediate‐risk zone patients into low‐risk category. Overall the data suggest that CAB can effectively predict risk of distant recurrence with clear dichotomous high‐ or low‐risk categorization.
Multifaceted roles of ATM in autophagy: From nonselective autophagy to selective autophagy
Authors: Liang Nan , He Qiao , Liu Xiaodong , Sun Hui
Published: March 2019

The ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is best known for its critical nuclear roles in the DNA damage response (DDR), cell cycle checkpoints, and the maintenance of gene stability. In this review, we highlight the multifaceted cytoplasmic functions of ATM in autophagy. We focused on the functions of ATM in nonselective autophagy in cancer. An Oncomine database analysis showed a tight association between ATM and autophagy in various cancers. In particular, its mechanisms in nonselective autophagy, those induced by ionizing radiation (IR), are illustrated in detail and involve the MAPK14 pathway, mTOR pathway, and Beclin1/PI3KIII complexes. Recently, an increasing number of studies revealed that autophagy could also be highly selective. We additionally emphasized the novel roles of ATM in selective autophagy, including mitophagy, pexophagy, and lipophagy. The regulation of these processes mainly involves ATM‐PEX5, ATM‐AMPK‐TSC2‐mTORC1‐ULK1, PPM1D‐ATM‐MTOR, PINK I/Parkin, and NAD+/SIRT1. We aimed to provide new perspectives on the importance of ATM in the diverse field of autophagy. The intricate regulation of ATM in autophagy still requires further investigation, which would enhance our understanding of its role in cell dynamics and homeostasis.

Significance of the study

Our review highlighted the multifaceted cytoplasmic functions of ATM on autophagy. First, we focused on the functions of ATM in nonselective autophagy within cancer especially those induced by IR, involving the MAPK14 pathway, mTOR pathway, and Beclin1/PI3KIII complexes. These provided a theoretical understanding of tumour radiosensitivity and chemosensitivity. In addition, we emphasized the novel roles of ATM in selective autophagy, including mitophagy, pexophagy, and lipophagy. This review provides new perspectives on the importance of ATM in the diverse field of autophagy, which would provide more information on its role in whole cell dynamics and homeostasis.
Group Career Construction Counseling: A Mixed‐Methods Intervention Study With High School Students
Authors: Maree Jacobus Gideon
Published: March 2019

This study investigated the value of group career construction counseling in a high school context. The author used purposive sampling to select participants who had sought career counseling. A mixed‐methods intervention study design was also used. Participants (N = 57) completed the Career Adapt‐Abilities Scale–South Africa (CAAS‐SA) before the 1st and after the 2nd intervention. The Career Interest Profile and the Maree Career Matrix were used to facilitate the intervention, and the CAAS‐SA was used to test the research hypotheses. The findings revealed that the boys’ and the girls’ career adaptability had improved meaningfully on all of the CAAS‐SA subscales. No gender‐based differences were found. However, differences were detected between both the boys’ and the girls’ pre‐ and posttest Control and Confidence subscale scores. The findings demonstrate the value of career construction counseling in group settings. More longitudinal research with diverse participants is needed.
Supervisee Attachment, Cognitive Distortions, and Difficulty With Corrective Feedback
Authors: Rogers Jennifer L. , Luke Melissa , Gilbride Dennis D. , Goodrich Kristopher M.
Published: March 2019

Among a sample of counseling students, results from hierarchical regression and mediation analyses indicated that attachment anxiety led to an increase in use of cognitive distortions, contributing to increased difficulty with corrective feedback during clinical supervision. Findings implicate a need for awareness of attachment patterns among trainees and the possible utility of cognitively focused supervisory interventions.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Deaminative Hydrogenation of Amino Nitriles: Direct Access to 1,2‐Amino Alcohols
Authors: Calleja Pilar , Ernst Martin , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Schaub Thomas
Published: March 2019

A new approach for the efficient and highly selective synthesis of 1,2‐amino alcohols by direct reductive hydrolysis of N‐formyl‐protected α‐amino nitriles is reported. The commercially available RuHCl(CO)(PPh3)3 complex was found to be a suitable catalyst for this operationally simple protocol, in which no stoichiometric amounts of undesired metal waste are generated. The deaminative hydrogenation is performed at 55 bar of H2, using a 6:1 mixture of 1,4‐dioxane/water as solvent. In addition, hydroxymethyl alcohols were prepared from cyanoketones under very similar conditions.
Ultra‐performance convergence chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry‐assisted method for rapid enantioseparation and determination of fluazifop‐butyl in tobacco and soil
Authors: Yang Fei , Tang Gangling , Liu Shanshan , Fan Ziyan , Wang Ying , Deng Huimin , Bian Zhaoyang , Li Zhonghao
Published: March 2019

A quick, green, and sensitive method for chiral separation and determination of fluazifop‐butyl enantiomers in tobacco and soil was established by ultra‐performance convergence chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPC2‐MS/MS). The baseline separation was obtained on an ACQUITY UPC2 Trefoil CEL2 column in 4 minutes with CO2 and methanol as mobile phase. Column temperature, auto back pressure regulator pressure (ABPR), and modifier solvent were optimized to obtain the best separation efficiency. Under the optimal conditions, the recoveries of both enantiomers were 82.8% to 99.5% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) less than 5.5% at three different concentration levels in two matrices. Good coefficients of determination (R2 ≥ 0.9976) were achieved over the concentration range of 10 to 500 ng/mL. The limits of detection (LODs) for all enantiomers in the two matrices varied from 1.6 to 2.1 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification (LOQs) did not exceed 7.0 μg/kg. The proposed method was then successfully applied to analyze authentic samples, confirming that it was a green, convenient, and reliable strategy for the analysis of fluazifop‐butyl enantiomers in tobacco and soil.
Cascaded hybrid intrusion detection model based on SOM and RBF neural networks
Authors: Almiani Muder , AbuGhazleh Alia , Al‐Rahayfeh Amer , Razaque Abdul
Published: March 2019

Cybercriminal activities over computer network systems are considered one of the preponderant issues that humanity will face in the coming two decades. The development steps in the design of intrusion detection systems must be carried out in analogous manner to sophistication levels of intrusions developed by hackers. This work proposes a layered hybrid intrusion detection model uses cascaded layers of Clustered Self‐Organized Map (CSOM) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural networks to improve the efficiency of detecting frequent and least frequent intrusions. K‐means clustered SOM was used to filter attacks as a first layer, whereas RBF‐based neural network worked as second filtering and attacked classification layer leading to significance reduction in time required to process connection records and notable improvements in the performance of intrusion detection. A new balanced version of cleansed NSL‐KDD dataset was used to validate and evaluate the proposed model. Compared with other existing schemes; the proposed model shows high detection performance in terms of accuracy 97.73% and false positive rate as low as 0.023%. In particular, for detecting least and most harmful attacks, U2R and R2L, the system achieved detection rate of 88.6% with false positive rate of 0.016. Comparative results showed that CSOM‐RBF model is more suitable for real‐life implementation than other many existing state‐of‐the‐art intrusion detection models.
Mechanosynthesis, Optical, and Morphological Properties of MA, FA, Cs‐SnX3 (X = I, Br) and Phase‐Pure Mixed‐Halide MASnIxBr3–x Perovskites
Authors: Saski Marcin , Prochowicz Daniel , Marynowski Wojciech , Lewiński Janusz
Published: March 2019

Chemical reactions induced by mechanical forces appear to be an efficient method for the synthesis of hybrid inorganic–organic functional materials under mild conditions. Herein, for the first time, we report the mechanochemical strategy for the synthesis of Sn‐based halide perovskites with the formula of ASnX3, where A can be methylammonium (MA), formamidinium (FA), or Cs cation, and a family of mixed‐halide MASnIxBr3‐x perovskites. The resulting crystalline mechanoperovskites were characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction, UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction. The air stability of the mechanochemically synthesized MASnI3 without and with the use of a SnF2 additive was investigated by in situ pXRD measurements.
Microwave‐Assisted Metal‐Free Rapid Synthesis of C4‐Arylated Quinolines via Povarov Type Multicomponent Reaction
Authors: Chandra Devesh , Dhiman Ankit Kumar , Kumar Rakesh , Sharma Upendra
Published: March 2019

A rapid microwave assisted, (±) camphor‐10‐sulfonic acid (CSA)
promoted, Povarov type multicomponent synthesis of 4‐arylated quinolines from
anilines, alkynes, and paraformaldehyde is described. This reaction proceeds through
[4+2] cycloaddition of imine (formed in situ from aniline and paraformaldehyde) and
alkynes in the presence of CSA, without any metal catalyst. Mechanistic study revealed
that CSA inhibit the synthesis of Troger's base and assist the cycloaddition of
imines with alkynes by activating the imine.
Opioid use after hip fracture surgery: A Danish nationwide cohort study from 2005 to 2015
Authors: Simoni Amalie H. , Nikolajsen Lone , Olesen Anne E. , Christiansen Christian. F. , Pedersen Alma B.
Published: March 2019

Background

There is currently a knowledge gap regarding persistent opioid use after hip fracture surgery. Thus, opioid use within a year after hip fracture surgery in patients with/without opioid use before surgery was examined.

Methods

This population‐based cohort study included all patients (aged ≥ 65) undergoing primary hip fracture surgery in Denmark (2005–2015) identified from the Danish Multidisciplinary Hip Fracture Database. Opioid use was assessed from The Danish National Health Service Prescription Database as redeemed prescriptions. The proportion of patients with ≥1 opioid prescription was computed within 6 months before surgery and each of four 3‐month periods (quarters) after surgery, among patients alive first day in each period. Proportion differences (95% CI) were calculated for each quarter compared to before surgery. Proportions were calculated for users and nonusers before surgery, including initiators after first quarter.

Results

This study included 69,456 patients. Proportion differences of opioid users were 35.0 (95% CI 34.5–35.5), 7.0 (95% CI 6.5–7.5), 2.9 (95% CI 2.4–3.4) and 1.4 percentage‐points (95% CI 0.9–1.9) the four quarters after surgery compared to before. Among opioid nonusers before surgery, 54.7% (95% CI 54.3–55.1), 21.8% (95% CI 21.4–22.2), 17.8% (95% CI 17.4–18.2) and 16.8% (95% CI 16.4–17.2) were opioid users in 1st‐4th quarter after surgery. However, 8.5% (95% CI 8.2–8.7) of the nonusers before surgery in 4th quarter initiated opioid use more than a quarter after surgery.

Conclusions

The proportion of opioid users increased after hip fracture surgery and was 1.4 percentage‐points increased in fourth quarter compared to before. Of opioid nonusers before surgery, 16.8% were opioid users fourth quarter after surgery.

Significance

Opioid use 1 year after hip fracture surgery is common, both in patients who were opioid users and nonusers before the surgery. These significant findings point out the need for indication of benefits and risks of opioid use in the acute and long‐term management of patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.
Clinical management of females seeking fertility treatment and of pregnant females with eating disorders
Authors: Paslakis Georgios , de Zwaan Martina
Published: March 2019

The presence of eating disorders (EDs) might have a significant impact upon pregnancy, birth, and the offspring's well‐being. Thus, several specific aspects are to be considered by medical professionals when females with EDs either become pregnant or intend to undergo fertility treatment. Clinical management algorithms for gynaecologists and fertility specialists are missing. Here, based on currently available evidence on the topic, specific clinical recommendations are presented. Treatment by a mental health professional may be necessary for pregnant females suffering from acute EDs or prior to fertility treatment. Because the regulation of the menstrual cycle is known to be induced in the course of ED‐specific treatment due to weight gain and eating behaviour stabilization, the necessity and drawbacks of fertility treatments in females with EDs are discussed.
POD‐identification reduced order model of linear transport equations for control purposes
Authors: Star S. Kelbij , Belloni Francesco , Van den Eynde Gert , Degroote Joris
Published: March 2019

Intrusive reduced order modeling techniques require access to the solver's discretization and solution algorithm, which are not available for most computational fluid dynamics codes. Therefore, a nonintrusive reduction method that identifies the system matrix of linear fluid dynamical problems with a least‐squares technique is presented. The methodology is applied to the linear scalar transport convection‐diffusion equation for a 2D square cavity problem with a heated lid. The (time‐dependent) boundary conditions are enforced in the obtained reduced order model (ROM) with a penalty method. The results are compared and the accuracy of the ROMs is assessed against the full order solutions and it is shown that the ROM can be used for sensitivity analysis by controlling the nonhomogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions.
Diffusion weighted imaging of esthesioneuroblastoma: Differentiation from other sinonasal masses
Authors: Miracle Aaron C. , El‐Sayed Ivan H. , Glastonbury Christine M.
Published: March 2019

Background

Differentiating esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) from other sinonasal tumors is difficult by MRI. We tested whether diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) could distinguish ENB from other sinonasal tumors.

Methods

Hundred forty‐six patients underwent sinonasal MRI, 75 with technically successful DWI. Pathology: 18 ENB (24%), 34 (45%) other malignant tumors, and 23 (31%) benign lesions. Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) were calculated.

Results

Average ADC and normalized ADC of ENB (1.22 × 10−3 ± 0.28 mm2/s and 1.55 ± 0.36, respectively) were higher than other malignancies (0.98 × 10−3 ± 0.18 mm2/s and 1.31 ± 0.29, P = .002 and P = .034) and lower than benign disease (1.92 × 10−3 ± 0.33 mm2/s and 2.44 ± 0.50, P < .0001). ADC differentiated ENB from benign disease with 91% sensitivity and 83% specificity. An ADC cutoff of 1.1 × 10−3 mm2/s differentiated other malignancies from ENB with 72% sensitivity and 85% specificity.

Conclusions

DWI is useful in distinguishing ENB from other sinonasal disease.
Memory for novel and familiar environments relies on the hippocampus: A case study on a patient with a right anteromesial temporal lobectomy
Authors: Claessen Michiel H. G. , van Zandvoort Martine J. E. , Leijten Frans S. S. , van der Ham Ineke J. M.
Published: March 2019

While the hippocampus has been ascribed a prominent role in navigation ability, it is still a subject of debate whether it contributes to learning novel environments only or to remembering familiar environments as well. We attempt to shed light on this issue by reporting on a patient who developed complaints of severe difficulties with navigation after she underwent a right anteromesial temporal lobectomy. A standard neuropsychological assessment revealed only a visuospatial working memory deficit. Clear evidence for problems with novel environments were found on a virtual route learning test. Two real‐world tests were used to investigate her ability to recall familiar environments. The first test was based on the area she grew up in (and still visits regularly) and the second test concerned her current place of residence which she never visited prior to the surgery. While her landmark recognition in general was accurate, she showed notable difficulties with indicating their locations on a map and with giving accurate route descriptions between them for both real‐world environments. This pattern of findings suggests that the hippocampus is not only important for navigation in novel environments, but also for familiar environments learned long ago.
Maternal perinatal representations and their associations with mother–infant interaction and attachment: A longitudinal comparison of Portuguese and Brazilian dyads
Authors: Fuertes Marina , Ribeiro Camila , Gonçalves Joana L. , Rodrigues Cristina , Beeghly Marjorie , Lopes‐dos‐Santos Pedro , Lamônica Dionísia A. C.
Published: March 2019

Prior research in Western countries (mostly the US, Canada and northern Europe) indicates that mothers' representations are associated with mother–infant interaction quality and their child's attachment security later in the first year. Fewer studies, however, have evaluated whether these associations hold for mother–infant dyads in other countries, such as Brazil and Portugal. Although these countries share a similar language and culture, they differ on societal dimensions that may affect parenting attitudes and mother–infant relationships, such as economic stress, social organisation, social policy, and the availability of services for young families. In this longitudinal study, we followed two independent samples of Brazilian and Portuguese mother–infant dyads from the perinatal period to 12 months post‐partum. We assessed mothers' perinatal representations using semi‐structured interviews in the first 48 hours after the infant's birth, and evaluated the associations of these representations with mother interaction quality at 9 months and infant attachment at 12 months. Results were similar in each country, corroborating prior research in single Western countries: Mothers with more positive perinatal representations were more sensitive to their infants during free play at 9 months and were more likely to have infants classified as securely attached at 12 months.
Panel parametric, semiparametric, and nonparametric construction of counterfactuals
Authors: Hsiao Cheng , Zhou Qiankun
Published: March 2019

We consider panel parametric, semiparametric and nonparametric methods of constructing counterfactuals. We show through extensive simulations that no method is able to dominate other methods in all circumstances, since the true data‐generating process is typically unknown. We therefore also suggest a model‐averaging method as a robust method to generate counterfactuals. As an illustration of the sensitivity of counterfactual construction, we reexamine the impact of California's Tobacco Control Program on per capita cigarette consumption and election day registration (EDR) laws on voters' turnout by different methods.
Retracted: Knockdown of long noncoding RNA HOTAIR inhibits cell growth of human lymphoma cells by upregulation of miR‐148b
Authors: Zhao Xianxian , Tian Xiaoyan
Published: March 2019

Lymphoma is a common cause of cancer worldwide with an increasing incidence in recent years. A large number of studies have shown that HOX transcript antisense intergenic RNA (HOTAIR) exerts as an oncogene in various neoplasms. However, the function of HOTAIR in lymphoma still remains unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the function of HOTAIR in lymphoma and its underlying mechanisms. The expressions of HOTAIR, miR‐148b, and BMI1 in lymphoma samples and cells (AHH‐1, Raji, and U937) were quantified by quantitative reverse polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR). Cell viability was measured by trypan blue assay. The efficiency of transfection was verified by qRT‐PCR or Western blot analysis. Apoptotic cells and cell cycle progression were both detected by flow cytometry assay. Furthermore, Western blot analysis was performed to assess the expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) pathway‐related core factors. We found that HOTAIR knockdown reduced cell viability but increased apoptotic cells and inhibited cell cycle progression in Raji and U937 cells. miR‐148b expression was upregulated by HOTAIR inhibition. Meanwhile, miR‐148b inhibitor abolished the modulation of HOTAIR silence on cell growth, as evidenced by increased cell viability, reduced apoptotic cells, and decreased the rate of G1 phase cells. Furthermore, miR‐148b negatively regulated the expression of BMI1 by targeting its 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR), and BMI1 overexpression blocked the effect of miR‐148b mimic on cell growth. In addition, BMI1 promoted the activation of MAPK and ERK in Raji and U937 cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that HOTAIR knockdown inhibited the cell growth and promoted apoptosis of lymphoma cells via upregulation of miR‐148b and miR‐148b further regulated the expression of BMI1 via MAPK and ERK signaling pathways.
Silenced CHOP protects pancreatic B‐cell function by targeting peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α through nuclear factor‐κB signaling pathway in diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hu Hao , Peng Lingling , Jiang Haiyan , Shen Haijun , Zhou Ping , Gao Yunming
Published: March 2019

Aims

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases worldwide characterized by insulin resistance and pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction. In the previous study, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress could increase the C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP) expression through inhibiting C/EBβ transcriptional activity. However, the role of CHOP and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α) in pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction remains unknown. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of CHOP and PGC‐1α in pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction and the potential mechanisms underlying its actions.

Methods

We established the pancreatic β‐cell dysfunction model to identify the biological features and functions of CHOP. Apoptosis was detected using Western blot analysis and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).

Results

Our results showed that high glucose (HG) increases CHOP and inhibits PGC‐1α expression and ameliorates apoptosis in pancreatic β cells. Silenced CHOP elevates the PGC‐1α expression and ameliorates HG‐induced apoptosis in pancreatic β cells. Furthermore, upregulation of the PGC‐1α alleviates HG‐induced apoptosis in pancreatic β cells. We also expounded that HG‐activated phosphorylation of nuclear factor‐κB through increasing PGC‐1α expression.

Conclusion

We verified the function and mechanism of CHOP and provide evidence that CHOP and PGC‐1α may serve as potential candidates for the clinical treatment of DM.
Identifying UBA2 as a proliferation and cell cycle regulator in lung cancer A549 cells
Authors: Jiang Biying , Fan Xiaoxi , Zhang Di , Liu Haifeng , Fan Chuifeng
Published: March 2019

Ubiquitin activating enzyme 2 (UBA2) is a basic component of E1‐activating enzyme in the SUMOylation system. Expression and function of UBA2 in human cancers are largely unknown. In this study we investigate UBA2 expression the function in human non–small‐cell lung cancer. Immunochemistry study showed that UBA2 was overexpressed in cancer tissues (53.3%, 40 of 75) compared with normal lung tissues (14.3%, 4 of 28) (P < 0.05). Immunostaining of UBA2 was mainly detected in nucleus. Overexpression of UBA2 in cancer tissues was significantly associated with poor differentiation, large tumor size ( > 5.0 cm), higher T stages (T3 + 4), lymph node metastasis and advanced TNM stages (III + IV). In vitro study showed that UBA2 was expressed in A549, 95D, H1975, and H1299 cells. Knockdown of UBA2 in A549 cells significantly inhibited cancer cell proliferation and upregulated cancer cell apoptosis (P < 0.05). Cell cycle analysis showed that knockdown of UBA2 in A549 cell significantly increased the G1 and G2/M phase cells and reduced the S phase cells (P < 0.05). Gene expression profile after knockdown of UBA2 in A549 cells showed that the most related function was cell cycle, cell death and survival, and cellular growth and proliferation. Western blot analysis study showed that knockdown of UBA2 significantly inhibited expression of poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1, mini‐chromosome maintenance 7 (MCM7), MCM2, MCM3 and MCM7. These results indicated that UBA2 was a critical cell cycle and proliferation regulator and may be a novel cancer marker in this malignant tumor.
Parental bonding, adult attachment, and theory of mind: A developmental model of alexithymia and alcohol‐related risk
Authors: Lyvers Michael , Mayer Kaitlin , Needham Katarina , Thorberg Fred Arne
Published: March 2019

Objective

A developmental model of alexithymia in relation to alcohol‐related risk was examined.

Method

Validated indices of parental bonding, adult attachment, alexithymia, theory of mind (ToM), alcohol‐related risk, and mood were administered to a nonclinical sample of 286 alcohol‐using men and women.

Results

Hierarchical regression incorporating demographic and psychosocial variables accounted for 44% of the variance in alexithymia. Modeling indicated a significant path from dysfunctional maternal bonding to insecure adult attachment to alexithymia to risky drinking; a separate path indicated an indirect effect of alexithymia in association between the deficient ToM and risky drinking.

Conclusions

Findings were consistent with a developmental model where dysfunctional parental bonding in childhood manifests in adulthood as insecure attachment and alexithymia, the latter reflecting the insufficient acquisition of emotion regulation skills; alexithymia, in turn, increases the risk of problematic drinking as an emotion regulation strategy.
Theaflavin 3,3′‐digallate reverses the downregulation of connexin 43 and autophagy induced by high glucose via AMPK activation in cardiomyocytes
Authors: Shen Zhida , Chen Qi , Jin Tingting , Wang Meihui , Ying Hangying , Lu Jiangting , Wang Ming , Zhang Wenbin , Qiu Fuyu , Jin Chongying , Zhao Yanbo , Fu Guosheng
Published: March 2019

Theaflavin 3,3′‐digallate (TF3), is reported to protect cardiomyocytes from lipotoxicity and reperfusion injury. However, the role of TF3 in the protection of high‐glucose injury is still poorly understood. This study investigated the protective effects of TF3 on gap junctions and autophagy in neonatal cardiomyocytes (NRCMs). NRCMs preincubated with high glucose were coincubated with TF3. The expression of connexins and autophagy‐related proteins was determined. The functioning of gap‐junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) was measured by a dye transfer assay. Adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity was determined by western blot. Moreover, AMPK was activated with aminoimidazole‐4‐carboxamide‐1‐β‐d‐ribofuranoside (AICAR) or inhibited by AMPKα small interfering RNA (siRNA) to explore the role of AMPK in the modulation of connexin 43 (Cx43) and autophagy. Meanwhile, autophagy was activated or blocked to observe the change in Cx43 expression. It was found that the protein expression of Cx43 and autophagy‐related proteins was increased in a TF3 dose‐ and time‐dependent manner under high glucose. TF3 also recovered the reduced GJIC function induced by high glucose concentrations. TF3 activated phosphorylated AMPK in a time‐dependent way. AMPKα siRNA abrogated the protection of TF3, while AICAR showed similar results compared to the TF3 treatment. Meanwhile, autophagy activation caused decreased Cx43, while cotreatment with baf A1 enhanced Cx43 expression further compared with the TF3 treatment alone under high glucose. We concluded that TF3 partly reversed the inhibition of Cx43 expression and autophagy induced by high glucose in NRCMs, partly by restoring AMPK activity. Inhibition of autophagy might be protective by preserving Cx43 expression in NRCMs stimulated by high glucose.
ELP2 negatively regulates osteoblastic differentiation impaired by tumor necrosis factor α in MC3T3–E1 cells through STAT3 activation
Authors: Xu Chang‐Peng , Sun Hong‐Tao , Yang Ya‐Jun , Cui Zhuang , Wang Jian , Yu Bin , Wang Fa‐Zheng , Yang Qing‐Po , Qi Yong
Published: March 2019

Tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is a pluripotent signaling molecule. The biological effect of TNF‐α includes slowing down osteogenic differentiation, which can lead to bone dysplasia in long‐term inflammatory microenvironments. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3)‐interacting protein 1 (StIP1, also known as elongator complex protein 2, ELP2) play a role in inhibiting TNF‐α‐induced osteoblast differentiation. In the present study, we investigated whether and how ELP2 activation mediates the effects of TNF‐α on osteoblastic differentiation. Using in vitro cell cultures of preosteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells, we found that TNF‐α inhibited osteoblastic differentiation accompanied by an increase in ELP2 expression and STAT3 activation. Forced ELP2 expression inhibited osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells, with a decrease in the expression of osteoblast marker genes, alkaline phosphatase activity, and matrix mineralization capacity. In contrast, ELP2 silencing ameliorated osteogenic differentiation in MC3T3‐E1 cells, even after TNF‐α stimulation. The TNF‐α‐induced inhibitory effect on osteoblastic differentiation was therefore mediated by ELP2, which was associated with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/STAT3 activation. These results suggest that ELP2 is upregulated at the differentiation of MC3T3‐E1 cells into osteoblasts and inhibits osteogenic differentiation in response to TNF‐α through STAT3 activation.
Signaling roadmap to epithelial–mesenchymal transition in pterygium, TWIST1 centralized
Authors: Meshkani Seyed Elyas , Kooshan Narges , Moghadam Arezoo Baradaran , Falanji Farahnaz , Adli Abolfazl , Baghbani‐Arani Fahimeh , Arian Alireza Ghasemi , Rad Abolfazl
Published: March 2019

Pterygium as a complex disease shares common features with other malignant cells in its onset recurrence and especially epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) transition. Although using different approaches including conjunctival autografts, amniotic membrane, radiotherapy, mitomycin C (MMC) has shown promising insights in the inhibition of pterygium recurrence, it needs to be investigated in more details in molecular pathways to present adjuvant target therapy. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of and then illustrate the role of signaling pathways on EMT in pterygium. Using real‐time polymerase chain reaction, the twist‐related protein 1 (TWIST1) expression was compared in primary pterygium and normal conjunctiva. This study assessed the mRNA expression, as well as the association between the clinicopathological indices and the gene expression level. The expression level of
TWIST1 was overexpressed in 36% of our cohort (
n = 76). There was a significant positive correlation between recurrence with grade T, grade V and a significant negative correlation with growth activity. Our vast literature review on different signaling pathways in pterygium showed that EMT has centralization role in recurrence of this disease. Our data confirmed that EMT is important in the recurrence of pterygium samples and different signaling pathways end up activating the EMT markers. It is suggested to evaluate the environmental factors and their correlation with molecular markers to select favorable treatment for this kind of diseases.
Protein supplementation improves lean body mass in physically active older adults: a randomized placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: ten Haaf Dominique S.M. , Eijsvogels Thijs M.H. , Bongers Coen C.W.G. , Horstman Astrid M.H. , Timmers Silvie , de Groot Lisette C.P.G.M. , Hopman Maria T.E.
Published: March 2019

Background

An inadequate protein intake may offset the muscle protein synthetic response after physical activity, reducing the possible benefits of an active lifestyle for muscle mass. We examined the effects of 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation on lean body mass, muscle strength, and physical performance in physically active older adults with a low habitual protein intake (<1.0 g/kg/day).

Methods

A randomized double‐blinded controlled trial was performed among 116 physically active older adults [age 69 (interquartile range: 67–73) years, 82% male] who were training for a 4 day walking event of 30, 40, or 50 km/day. Participants were randomly allocated to either 31 g of milk protein or iso‐caloric placebo supplementation for 12 weeks. Body composition (dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry), strength (isometric leg extension and grip strength), quadriceps contractile function, and physical performance [Short Physical Performance Battery, Timed Up‐and‐Go test, and cardiorespiratory fitness (Åstrand–Rhyming submaximal exercise test)] were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. We assessed vitamin D status and markers of muscle damage and renal function in blood and urine samples before and after intervention.

Results

A larger increase in relative lean body mass was observed in the protein vs. placebo group (∆0.93 ± 1.22% vs. ∆0.44 ± 1.40%, PInteraction = 0.046). Absolute and relative fat mass decreased more in the protein group than in the placebo group (∆−0.90 ± 1.22 kg vs. ∆−0.31 ± 1.28 kg, PInteraction = 0.013 and ∆−0.92 ± 1.19% vs. ∆−0.39 ± 1.36%, PInteraction = 0.029, respectively). Strength and contractile function did not change in both groups. Gait speed, chair‐rise ability, Timed Up‐and‐Go, and cardiorespiratory fitness improved in both groups (P < 0.001), but no between‐group differences were observed. Serum urea increased in the protein group, whereas no changes were observed in the placebo group (PInteraction < 0.001). No between‐group differences were observed for vitamin D status, muscle damage, and renal function markers.

Conclusions

In physically active older adults with relatively low habitual dietary protein consumption, an improvement in physical performance, an increase in lean body mass, and a decrease in fat mass were observed after walking exercise training. A larger increase in relative lean body mass and larger reduction in fat mass were observed in participants receiving 12 weeks of daily protein supplementation compared with controls, whereas this was not accompanied by differences in improvements between groups in muscle strength and physical performance.
Recurrence patterns after pancreaticoduodenectomy for ampullary cancer
Authors: Kim Hongbeom , Kwon Wooil , Kim Jae Ri , Byun Yoonhyeong , Jang Jin‐Young , Kim Sun‐Whe
Published: March 2019

Background

Few studies of the oncological outcomes of ampullary cancer have addressed recurrence, and many treatment‐related issues remain unresolved. This study evaluated optimal surgical treatment strategies based on recurrence patterns after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for ampullary cancer.

Methods

Two hundred and fifty‐nine patients who underwent PD with R0 resection for ampullary cancer from January 2000 to June 2012 were included. Generally, lymph node (LN) dissection extended to the right superior mesenteric artery (SMA). Recurrence was defined based on imaging studies. The first detected recurrence sites and patterns were analyzed.

Results

During a mean follow‐up of 51.3 months, recurrence occurred in 89 (34.4%) cases, most commonly in the liver. Poor differentiation, advanced T stage, and LN metastasis were identified as risk factors for recurrence. Locoregional and systemic recurrences occurred alone or simultaneously in 20.2%, 73.0%, and 6.7% of patients, respectively. Locoregional and systemic recurrences tended to occur in early‐ and advanced‐stage cases, respectively. A nodal‐type recurrence around mesenteric vessels was the most common locoregional recurrence pattern, and 58.8% (10/17) were located left of the SMA.

Conclusion

As nodal‐type metastasis around the mesenteric vessels was the dominant recurrence pattern, careful LN dissection around the SMA should be considered for early and advanced ampullary cancers.