bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN LARUTAN DAUN BINAHONG DALAM AIR MINUM TERHADAP PERFORMA AYAM BROILER FASE AWAL (The Effect of Administration of Binahong Leaf Solution in Drinking Water on The Performance of Early Phase Broiler Chicken)
Authors: Jerahu Venansius M M. , Suryatni Ni Putu F. , Pangestuti Herowati Titi , Nastiti Herayanti P.
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving binahong leaf solution on the performance of early-phase broilers. The material used was 96 DOC Strain CP 707 broiler chickens produced by PT Charoen Pokphan Indonesia. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and six replications. The treatments tried were: R0: Drinking water without binahong leaf solution, R1: Drinking water containing 20 ml of binahong leaf solution per liter of water, R2: Drinking water containing 30 ml of binahong leaf solution per liter of water, R3: Drinking water containing 40 ml of solution binahong leaves per liter of water. Parameters measured were daily body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio and water intake. The results of the statistical analysis showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed intake, daily body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and drinking water intake. The conclusion of this study was that the administration of binahong leaf solution with levels of 0, 20, 30 and 40 ml/l drinking water gave the same effect on the performance of early-phase broilers.
PRODUKSI HIJAUAN DAN KOMPOSISI KIMIA RUMPUT KUME DAN SUKET PUTIHAN YANG DIINTRODUKSI JENIS LEGUMINOSA BERBEDA (Herbage production and chemical composition of kume grass and suket putihan introduced with different types of legumes)
Authors: Priyanto Dionysius , Nikolaus Tara Tiba , Jelantik I. G. N.
Published: September 2023

Low quality and quantity of pasture in East Nusa Tengara is the main problem in development of ruminants. The solution offered to this problem is by using mixed pasture of grass and legume, by consider legume’s advantage in nitrogen fixation, and also it’s capability to provide canopy or shades to grass. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of the introduction of various species of herbaceous legumes on herbage production and the chemical composition of Sorghum plumosum and Bothriochloa pertusa. The research was conducted following a Completely Randomized Design (RCD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments tested consisted of Co (Sorghum plumosum and Bothriochloa pertusa), Av (Sorghum plumosum, Bothriochloa pertusa and Alysicarpus vaginalis), Ct (Sorghum plumosum, Bothriochloa pertusa and Clitoria ternatea) and Pp (Sorghum plumosum, Bothriochloa pertusa and Pueraria phaseoloides). The parameters observed were the production of forage, the leaf stem ratio, crude protein, crude fiber, and NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber). The results showed that the introduction of herbaceous legumes did not affect the production, leaf stem ratio and also the crude protein but does affect the chemical composition of Kume and Suket Putihan  such as changes of crude fibre and NDF  at the age of 60 days.
PENGARUH RASIO KARBON-NITROGEN DALAM ENSILAGE CAMPURAN MUKUNA LOKAL (MUCUNA SP) DAN RUMPUT KUME (SORGHUM PLUMOSUM VAR. TIMORENSE) SEGAR TERHADAP KANDUNGAN NUTRISI PRODUK (The effects of carbon-nitrogen ratio in ensilage of local mucuna (mucuna sp.) And...
Authors: Darmin Vinensius , Dami Dato Twenfosel O. , Mullik Marthen Luther
Published: September 2023

The main problem in preservation of  protein source forages  in silage making is spoilage due to high buffering characteristic of protein. This might relates to low carbon-nitrogen (C-N) ratio in these plants. This study aimed at determining the best level of C-N ratio in ensilage process of a grass-legume mixture. A 3x4 completely randomized design (CRD) was deployed to test three C-N ratio levels as treatments. The  treatments were CN20 (Mucuna sp + kume grass + rice bran to reach C-N ratio of 20, or 30 (CN30) or 40 (CN40). Variables measured were dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), and crude fiber (CF) content of the silage.  Data were analyzed using General Linear Model for CRD with an alfa value of 0.05. Treatment differences were determined using Duncan test. The results showed that C-N ratio had high significant effects on DM content (ranged from 22.5 to 32.0%), and CP content (ranged from 7.5 to 9.6%). Significant treatment effects were detected in OM content (ranged from 90.5 to 91.8%), and EE content (ranged from 2.82 to 3.66%). Meanwhile, CF was not effected by C-N ratio (ranged from 39.0 to 3.0%. 44.2%). It could be concluded that C-N the ratio of 30 is the best treatment in silage making using mixture of lelehanak-kume grass as it shows the highest OM content and  had no significant difference with CN20 in CP content.
PRODUKSI, KOMPOSISI BOTANI DAN KAPASITAS TAMPUNG PADANG PENGGEMBALAAN ALAM DESA MAUBOKUL KECAMATAN PANDAWAI KABUPATEN SUMBA TIMUR PADA MUSIM HUJAN (Production, botanical composition and carrying capacity of pasture in Maubokul Village, Pandawai.....
Authors: Hambakodu Marselinus
Published: September 2023

This experiment aims to analyze the production, botanical composition, and carrying capacity of pasture in the Maubokul Village, Pandawai District, East Sumba Regency. The experiment was conducted on March 1th   to April 30th  2022. The experiment used survey method, measurement, and direct observations in the field. Forage production measured by actual weight estimate method with 1 m x 1 m of the frame as tool utilization. Botanical composition measured using the summed dominance ratio method, as well as the carrying capacity measured using the viosin formula. The data obtained were tabulated and calculated to obtain the total forage production, botanical composition, and carrying capacity. The results showed that the pasture in Maubokul Village, Pandawai District, had a fresh production of 5.182 kg/ha, dry matter production of 1.505 kg/ha, Summed Dominance Ratio (SDR) of grass 65,21%, legumes 18,04%, and weeds 16,75%. The pasture also has a carrying capacity of 1,12 AU/ha/year. In conclusion, pasture in Maubokul Village, Pandawai District were dominated by natural grass with high capacity during the rainy season.
Conservation and Management of Woodlands
Authors: Chepkemoi Stacey S , Musya Justus K.
Published: September 2023

This research article examines the efficiency of various conservation and management techniques used in Mau Forest, which is one of Kenya’s most significant water catchment basins. It utilizes a mixed-methods approach in order to examine how various stakeholders (such as residents, government representatives, and conservationists) perceive plans and strategies employed in the management of forests. The research article tests the premise that insufficient community involvement, conflicting stakeholder interests, and poor enforcement have all contributed to the ineffectiveness of conservation and management plans and initiatives. Furthermore, it argues that the absence of explicit policies and norms has resulted in inconsistent application of techniques that endangers the forest’s long-term viability. In a nutshell, key themes include: community participation in conservation initiatives, the significance of successful policy implementation, and the necessity of stakeholder engagement in creating management plans. In its findings, it concludes by insisting on the adoption of a coordinated and inclusive strategy for forest management that incorporates stakeholder collaboration, community involvement, and practical policy implementation to preserve the long-term sustainability of Mau Forest.
Derecho humano a la verdad para la legitimidad democrática
Authors: Vázquez-Pérez Eduardo Daniel
Published: September 2023

En este escrito se explicará, someramente, la ausencia del Derecho humano a la verdad en la Constitución Política de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, lo que indica que la propia Ley ante el no reconocimiento de dicho derecho humano, no sólo pone en crisis el Estado Democrático y de Derecho, sino que también permite violentar derechos humanos, reproducir el monopolio de la violencia (a partir de las autoridades encargadas de impartir justicia) y generar impunidad a lo largo y ancho del país, por intermedio del sistema normativo mexicano; es decir, el Derecho reivindica la violencia y la impunidad simultáneamente que las justifica. No obstante, es con el Derecho Internacional que se marca el cambio de paradigma en el derecho interno mexicano para la protección más amplía de los derechos humanos reconocidos por el Estado mexicano, a partir de su adhesión y reconocimiento de las competencias de los organismos internacionales, para la verdadera legitimidad democrática en el país.
Nulla salus extra bollam: il principio del pluralismo informativo nell’epoca delle echo chambers
Authors: Paolanti Matteo
Published: September 2023

Nella nuova società digitale si ha l’impressione che il principio del pluralismo informativo venga sempre meno rispetto alle caratteristiche tracciate dalla dottrina e dalla giurisprudenza negli ultimi decenni. Le c.d. Echo Chambers o “Bolle filtro” non fanno che ridurre progressivamente l’orizzonte dell’informazione che dovrebbe far capo ad ogni individuo, facendo sì che quest’ultimo sia sempre maggiormente condotto verso pochi canali di approvvigionamento di notizie, i quali non fanno che impoverire la conoscenza rispetto alla realtà circostante e, di conseguenza, il dibattito pubblico che ne dovrebbe nascere. In questo elaborato si proverà ad analizzare come sia sorto il concetto di pluralismo informativo, come esso si sia evoluto con il passare del tempo e se esso sia ancora adatto a regolare la realtà che viviamo.

In our digital society the principle of pluralism is fading compared to the characteristics outlined by doctrine and jurisprudence in the last decades. The so-called Echo Chambers or "Filter bubbles" progressively reduce the information horizon that should belong to each individual, which do impoverish  knowledge of the surrounding reality and, consequently, the public debate that should arise from it. In this essay we will try to analyze how the concept of pluralism was created, how it has evolved over time and whether it is still suitable for regulating the reality we live in.
Testosterone deficiency in patients with chronic kidney disease: prevalence and clinical significance (literature review)
Authors: Litvinov A. S. , Kukhtina A. A. , Kuznetsova Yu. V. , Khatlamadzhiyan V. V. , Ryabokoneva T. Yu.
Published: September 2023

There is an increase in the prevalence of chronic kidney disease in the world. This is primarily due to the increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension as the main etiological factors. A progressive decline in the excretory function of the kidneys is associated with metabolic disorders such as metabolic acidosis, hyperuricemia, hyperparathyroidism, oxidative and inflammatory stress, etc. This leads, in turn, to a decrease in the body weight of patients, primarily due to the loss of muscle mass. Such changes have an adverse effect, including on the synthesis of sex hormones, in particular, on the level of testosterone, the production of which decreases in the cohort of patients under discussion. Hormonal imbalance in the form of hypogonadism can play a significant role in increasing cardiovascular risk. Renal replacement therapy may be an independent risk factor for the development and progression of hypogonadism. At the same time, the problems of impaired regulation, synthesis and balance of sex hormones, as well as the issues of correction of secondary hypogonadism in patients with chronic kidney disease remain poorly understood and are of scientific interest.
Clinical significance of adanced glycation end products and inflammation products in the development of vascular calcification and cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease
Authors: Dzgoeva F. U. , Remizov O. V. , Ikoeva Z. R. , Goloeva V. G. , Gusalov A. A.
Published: September 2023

Background. Vascular calcification underlies cardiovascular complications, which remain the leading cause of high mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Uremic toxins, including the advanced glycation end products, play a significant role in the formation of this process.

The Aim of the study is to clarify the role of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and inflammationproducts in the processes of vascular calcification at different stages of CKD.

Patients and Methods. 105 patients aged 18 to 66 years at different stages of CKD C1-C5D were examined, 75 of which were caused by diabetic nephropathy (DN), 30 by other nosological forms. Serum concentrations of AGEs, IL6, TNF-α, troponin I, parathyroid hormone (PTH) were determined by enzyme immunoassay (ELISA). To study the AGEs concentration, the serum was separated by centrifugation (in Eppendorf tubes). The samples were stored at – 70 °C. The left ventricular myocardial mass index (LVMI) was determined. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was diagnosed with LVH>115 g/m2 for men and >95 g/m2 for women. The peak systolic velocity of blood flow in the aortic arch (Vps) was studied by duplex scanning using the Doppler effect.

Results. A significant increase in serum phosphorus concentration (p < 0.05) and PTH (p< 0.01) was revealed as the glomerular filtration rate decreased. An increase in the concentration of AGEs, IL6 and TNF-α was found at all stages of CKD, most pronounced at the later stages – C4-C5D ((p< 0.01, p< 0.05, p<0.05, respectively). Pronounced changes in LVMI and Vps were associated with high levels of AGEs, IL6 and TNF-α. CONCLUSION. An increase in the level of glycation end products and inflammatory factors directly and reliably correlated with the severity of uremia and the severity of morphofunctional changes in the heart and aorta, which confirms their significant role in the development of cardiovascular complications in CKD. Keywords: advanced glycation end products, inflammation, vascular calcification, chronic kidney disease>˂0.05, respectively). Pronounced changes in LVMI and Vps were associated with high levels of AGEs, IL6 and TNF-α.

Conclusion. An increase in the level of glycation end products and inflammatory factors directly and reliably correlated with the severity of uremia and the severity of morphofunctional changes in the heart and aorta, which confirms their significant role in the development of cardiovascular complications in CKD.
Irina Konstantinovna Klemina
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: September 2023

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АКТИНОМИЦЕТЫ В РИЗОСФЕРНЫХ СООБЩЕСТВАХ
Authors: Дохтукаева А.М. , Магомадова М.А. , Саралапова М.Р.
Published: September 2023

Почва представляет собой сложнейшее биокосное тело, где решающую роль играют различные межорганизменные взаимоотношения, представляющие собой фундамент сохранения жизни на планете. Учитывая развитие растениеводства и необходимость интенсификации сельского хозяйства, современные условия заставляют изыскивать новые возможности для повышения плодородия почвы, активизации роста растений и повышения их урожайности. В этом направлении изучение ризосферных актиномицетов представляется перспективным для углубления фундаментальных знаний о специфических взаимоотношениях актиномицетов и высших растений для понимания роли обоих участников симбиоза на их совместную жизнедеятельность.
ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ СВОЙСТВА ИМБИРЯ
Authors: Амлиева Э.М. , Усаева Я.С. , Турлова Ф.С.
Published: September 2023

Имбирь используют как противогрибковое, противовоспалительное, противовирусное, противомикробное, антиоксидантное и противоопухолевое средство, поэтому эфирные масла, экстракты и концентраты из имбиря вызывают интерес со стороны фармацевтической и пищевой промышленности. Имбирь также широко используют в народной медицине, например, при простудных заболеваниях, тошноте, астме, кашле, коликах, учащенном сердцебиении, отеках, диспепсии, снижении аппетита и ревматизме, пасту из измельченного в порошок сушеного имбиря прикладывали к вискам для снятия головной боли.
ГИДРОЛИЗ В СИСТЕМЕ «СОЛИ СЛАБОЙ ОДНООСНОВНОЙ КИСЛОТЫ И СЛАБОГО ОДНОКИСЛОТНОГО ОСНОВАНИЯ +ВОДА»
Authors: Хасанова Р.И. , Усманова А.У.
Published: September 2023

Цель работы – показать на примере гидролиза (в общем виде) для систем «соли слабой одноосновной кислоты и слабого однокислотного основания +вода», что степень гидролиза h не зависит от концентрации соли. Рассмотрены и приведены уравнения гидролиза в системах «соли слабой одноосновной кислоты и слабого однокислотного основания +вода» в общем виде. Путем последовательных преобразований получены формулы для нахождения констант гидролиза и степени гидролиза, найдены численные значения этих величин. Рекомендовано, что нельзя использовать формулы для приближенных значений степени гидролиза, когда гидролиз осуществляют и катион, и анион одновременно.
Por amor às letras
Authors: Castelo Branco Lucia
Published: September 2023

Este ensaio fora escrito para ser lido, por ocasião de uma homenagem recebida na Faculdade de Letras da UFMG. No texto, a professora e escritora conta de como decidiu cursar Letras e, depois, de como se tornou professora da mesma faculdade onde se graduou e de como fez da letra um conceito norteador de suas pesquisas na linha Literatura e Psicanálise.
CURRENT CONDITIONS FOR THE PROVIDENT OF CIVIL MEASURES CONTRA DROGS CONTRACTING CLASS I PARTIELLE ON THE BASIS OF LEGISLATION No. 35 OF 2009 ON DRUGS (Study of Judgment No. 446/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Gpr)
Authors: Sudjana Jasa , Guntara Deny , Rahmatiar Yuniar
Published: September 2023

Narcotics abuse is an act of crime, the problem of narcotics abuse has a very negative and detrimental impact both in terms of law, health, economics, politics, and socio-cultural life. Narcotics abuse has been regulated in Article 127 of Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics. As for the identification of the problem in this research study regarding the imposition of punishment against the perpetrators of the crime of class I drug abuse for themselves according to Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics and what are the considerations of the panel of judges in deciding a case against the perpetrators of the crime of class I drug abuse for themselves himself in decision no 446/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Gpr. In this study the aims were to find out the sentence imposed on the perpetrators of the crime of class 1 narcotics abuse for themselves according to Law No. 35 of 2009 and to find out the considerations of the panel of judges in deciding a case against the perpetrators of the crime of class I narcotics abuse for themselves in the decision number 446/Pid.Sus/2020/PN.Gpr. The research method used in this study is a normative juridical research method using secondary data as the main data. The results of this study are based on Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics that perpetrators of class I drug abuse for themselves should receive medical and social rehabilitation, and the Decision of the Kediri District Court Number 446/Pid.Sus/2020PN.Gpr according to researchers there was a mistake and not in accordance with Law No. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics.
SPAMINDEXING 2.0 : LES MOTEURS DE RECHERCHE FACE AUX DÉFIS DES IA GÉNÉRATIVES
Authors: Viseur Robert
Published: September 2023

L’importance croissante des moteurs de recherche sur les performances commerciales des entreprises a conduit au développement de techniques permettant d'optimiser le référencement des sites web (SEO). À côté des techniques encouragées par les moteurs de recherche, plus éthiques, se sont développées des techniques dites « Black Hat SEO » (BH). Régulièrement soumises aux contre-mesures des moteurs de recherche tels que Google, ces techniques ont connu un renouveau avec le développement des outils en ligne d'automatisation de tâches et des IA génératives telles que ChatGPT. Dans cette recherche exploratoire, nous proposons, après avoir présenté les techniques classiques de référencement abusif (spamindexing), l’analyse des techniques promues par un réseau de gestionnaires de sites web et de comptes de réseaux sociaux. Ces techniques sont basées sur la transformation de contenus massivement collectés en ligne à l’aide d’outils no code ou par programmation. Elles posent des questions sur le plan de la propriété intellectuelle mais aussi sur les moyens de lutte des moteurs de recherche permettant de préserver la qualité de leur index, face à la prolifération de contenus générés massivement et automatiquement, sans pour autant handicaper le développement des pratiques légitimes.
Чернодробни усложнения при ß-таласемия
Authors: Кофинова Деница
Published: September 2023

Бета-таласемията е едно от най-честите автозомно-рецесивни заболявания. С подобряване на хелаторното лечение и навлизането на неинвазивните методики за оценка и проследяване на желязното натрупването, качеството и продължителността на живот на пациентите с ß-таласемия значително се подобри. Черният дроб е първия таргетен орган, който се уврежда, директно и индиректно. В настоящия обзор се разглеждат най-честите чернодробни усложнения като развитие на фиброза и цироза, методи за оценка на желязното натоварване, хронични вирусни хепатити, развитие на хепатоцелуларен карцином и холелитиаза.
Тромбоцитопения и COVID-19 – предизвикателството все още остава
Authors: Славчева Попова Ваня
Published: September 2023

Бързото разпространение на COVID-19, както и критичният брой на смъртните случаи в световен мащаб наложиха необходимостта за кратко време да се предприемат ефективни мерки за ограничаване разпространението на заболяването, изграждане на диагностично терапевтичен алгоритъм и мерки, свързани с превенция на болестта. Към днешни дни е общоприето становището за системния характер на заболяването, като в немалка част от наличните доклади са представени данни за ангажиране на хемопоезата.

Целта на настоящия преглед е на базата на публикувани доклади за периода след 2019 г. да се направи обзор върху възможните патогенетични механизми, водещи до развитие на тромбоцитопения при пациенти с доказан COVID-19.
Случай на водене на бременност и раждане при тежък дефицит на фактор XII
Authors: Деянова-Илиевска Виолета , Макаровска-Бояджиева Татяна , Велкова Емилия , Петковик Елена , Ристовска Елена , Тодоровски Боян , Кочоски Горан
Published: September 2023

Дефицитът на фактор XII е рядко нарушение на кръвосъсирването, което теоретично носи риск от кървене в резултат на намалени коагулационни фактори или риск от тромбоза в резултат на намалена фибринолитична активност. Честотата на дефицит на фактор XII е относително ниска – 1 на 1 000 000 души.

Целта на докладвания случай е да подчертае значението на мултидисциплинарния подход при воденето на бременността и раждането при жени с тежък дефицит на фактор XII.

Жена с тежък дефицит на фактор XII беше успешно лекувана по време на двете си бременности и раждания. Всички тестове за коагулация бяха извършени със стандартни реактиви на Siemens на коагулометър Dade Behring BCS XP. Тест за тромбоцитна агрегация за проследяване на лечението с аспирин беше извършен на Siemens Innovation PFA-200 със стандартен тестов патрон за колаген/епинефрин на Siemens.

По време на двете си бременности жената с тежък дефицит на фактор XII е проследявана редовно в Центъра по хемофилия към Института по трансфузионна медицина. Според коагулационните изследвания при първата бременност е лекувана с нискомолекулен хепарин в следродилния период, но при втората бременност се е наложило лечение в първи и трети триместър, както и в следродовия период. Предотвратяването на кървене поради раждане се извършва с транексамова киселина. Две бременности бяха успешно завършени с естествено раждане без кървене или тромботични усложнения.

Редовното проследяване по време на бременност е необходимо за жени с нарушения на кръвосъсирването в Центъра за комплексно лечение на хемофилия. Мултидисциплинарният подход е от решаващо значение за успешното лечение на нарушения на кръвосъсирването.
Мултифакторна генеза на тромбообразуването при синдром на Бъд-Киари – клиничен случай
Authors: Киндеков Иван , Милчева Камелия
Published: September 2023

Цел: Миелопролиферативните неоплазии (МПН) са хетерогенна група клонални заболявания на хемопоетичните стволови клетки, характеризиращи се с повишена пролиферация на клетки от миелоидния ред в костния мозък (КM). Ph-негативните MПН са най-честият рисков фактор за тромбоза на вена лиеналис (ТВЛ), включваща синдром на Бъд-Киари (БКС) и тромбоза на порталната вена (ТПВ). Редица проучвания разглеждат ролята на различните етиологични и рискови фактори за ТВЛ, включващи придобити протромботични състояния, наследствена тромбофилия и локални заболявания. Настоящото съобщение описва рядко срещан клиничен случай на пациентка с 3 рискови фактора за БКС: Ph-нег. МПН, причинена от придобита мутация JAK2V617F, наследствено нарушение на кръвосъсирването, фактор V Leiden мутация, и употреба на хормонална контрацепция.

Материал и методи: Диагностично-терапевтичният алгоритъм при конкретната пациентка прецизно следва актуалните препоръки за поведение при това състояние, включващо и оценка на всички възможни протромботични рискови фактори.

Резултати: Пациентката продължава своето регулярно проследяване от гастроентеролог и хематолог, поддържайки добро качество на живот без нови тромботични инциденти и нормални хематологични показатели.

Заключение: Представеният клиничен случай потвърждава ролята на рутинния скрининг за МПН при ТВЛ. Откроява необходимост от извършване на скрининг за вродена тромбофилия, независимо от JAK2 статуса на пациента, поради вероятността за мултифакторна генеза на тромбообразуване при тези състояния, които от своя страна налагат прилагането на различни по механизъм на действие антитромботични терапии.
INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE IN USING ELEMENTS OF STIMULATING BANKING REGULATION
Authors:   Vyatka State University, Kirov, Russia, Kazantseva A. V.
Published: September 2023

This article discusses the reasons for the emergence of stimulating banking regulation, provides examples of the most common incentive measures in most countries. A comparative analysis of the impact of the incentive policy on the change in lending volumes of the following countries is carried out: the USA, Great Britain, Germany, Japan, China and Russia. Conclusions are formulated about the importance of using the experience of stimulating methods of regulation of other countries with an eye to the economic, historical and national characteristics of Russia.
INVESTIGATION OF ROTAVIRUS INFECTION IN COW CALVES AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS WITH HAEMATO-BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS
Authors: Abbas S , Khan J.A. , Ahmed S.S. , Anjum A.A.
Published: September 2023

The bovine rotavirus (BRoV) is one of the major causes of illness and death in newborn calves. The study's objective was to pinpoint the haemato-biochemical alterations, other risk factors, and molecular manifestations associated with BRoV infections in dairy cow calves in in Jhelum district, Pakistan. From July 2020 to June 2021, a total of 200 faeces samples were taken from neonate cow calves under 28 daysold that had a history of diarrhea and dysentery. Prior to further polymerase chain reaction processing, samples were initially screened using S&C Biotech Bovine Rotavirus Antigen Rapid Test Kits. For the haemato-biochemical study, blood samples were obtained from calves infected with BRoV. On a questionnaire form, information was gathered for the analysis of the various risk factors linked to the occurrence of BRoV infection. The occurrence of BRoV infection while utilizing diagnostic screening kits was 26% (52/200), and when using RT-PCR, it was 21.5% (43/200). BRoV infection was significantly (p≤0.05) influenced by breed, age, sex, vomiting, prior history of diarrhea, bodily conditions, food type, colostrum feeding, deworming history, living environment, interaction with other animals, and season. Hematological and biochemical markers showed significant (p≤0.05) alterations. Mean corpuscular volume, basophils and lymphocytes were decreased significantly (p≤0.05 while mean corpuscular hemoglobin, total leukocyte count, TEC, white blood cells count, red blood cell and Monocytes were increased significantly (p≤0.05). Similarly, among biochemical parameters, Potassium was non-significantly (p>0.05) increased, while Sodium, Calcium, copper and iron were significantly (p≤0.000) decreased. Itwas concluded that assumed risk factors were contributed to the BRoV infection, and infected calves showed haemato-biochemical changes.
Keywords: neonate calves, rotavirus, diagnostic test, Pakistan
Advanced Phased Array Transceivers for Enabling Next-Generation 5G Communication Networks
Authors: Makhsuci Saeedeh , Sharara Leila , Sanduleanu Mihai , Ismail Mohammed
Published: September 2023

This article presents advancements and key considerations in the design implementation of phased array transceivers for the fifth-generation (5G) communication networks. It emphasizes the significance of careful consideration and system-level optimization to realize the full potential of phased array transceivers. The focus is on antenna elements and beamforming techniques with a detailed discussion on different types of beamforming techniques used in wireless communication systems. These include analog, digital, and hybrid beamforming. The article starts by introducing the concept of a phase shifter, which is a crucial component in controlling the phase of the transmitted signal. It then proceeds to discuss the role of a variable gain amplifier in amplifying the signal received by each antenna element of the array, followed by emphasizing the importance of a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) in transceiver design to amplify weak signals with minimal noise. In addition, this article provides a detailed discussion on the mixer, which is used to downconvert or upconvert the frequency of the received signal to a more appropriate frequency for further processing or transmission. Finally, the power amplifier (PA), which is used to boost signal power in 5G networks, is also discussed in detail.
Antioxidant Activity of Acid Pretreated Gelatin Extracted from Duck Skin By-Products
Authors:   Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea, Chandimali Nisansala ,   Department of Applied Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Korea, Oh Mirae ,   Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, 31000, Korea, Lim Hyung-Jin ,   Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea, Won Yeong-Seon ,   Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea, Bak Seon-Gyeong ,   Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea, Park Eun Hyun ,   Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea, Lee Seung-Jae ,   Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, 56212, Korea,   Department of Applied Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Korea
Published: September 2023

In this study, we have characterized the acid-pretreated gelatin extracted from duck skin by-products. To this end, we employed two-dimensional gel electrophoresis to validate the size of gelatin (72 kDa) and scanning electron microscopy to examine the surface characteristics of gelatin. We next examined the antioxidant activity of acid-pretreated gelatin extracted from duck skin by three-dimensional imaging using electronic spin resonance. The results show Alkyl, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, and hydroxyl radical scavenging capabilities of acid-pretreated gelatin. We hope that these data will help expand the industrial application of duck-skin-derived gelatin.
Optimization of ecosystems services for sustainable coffee production under changing climate
Authors: James Mwangi Ndiritu  , Muthama John Nzioka  , Kinama Josiah Mavindani
Published: September 2023

Legume cover crops have previously been evaluated for green manure, weed control and soil moisture conservation, this study includes further evaluation of biomass of the legume fodder. Our research was to compare soil nutrients and moisture concentration at different times in the treatment plots in the coffee plantation after the establishment of a desmodium legume cover crop with quantification of the resulting biomass as fodder for livestock. This case study conducted at the University of Nairobi coffee plantation evaluating different weed control methods in coffee using hand weeding, glyphosate (1.0 kg ha-¹ of acid equivalent) based herbicide and desmodium spp legume cover crop compared weeding costs and implications to farmers’ incomes in coffee production. Using completely Randomized Block Design 3 treatments replicated 3 times were analyzed for the annual weeding labour costs, soil nutrients, soil moisture and biomass production. Statistical analysis of soil moisture content and nutrients was evaluated among the treatments. Results indicated that coffee intercropped with desmodium had higher moisture retention of 36 % on average being higher than other treatment and desmodium legume fresh biomass production was extrapolated to 17,000 kgs per hectare per year. Desmodium spp planted was able to establish providing groundcover (90%) 18 weeks after planting inhibiting weed growth thus reducing the need for weeding as well as conserve soil moisture. There were significant savings on the cost of manual weeding with additional earnings or savings of 750 $ US from sales or utilization of the desmodium fodder per hectare. The study concludes that cover crops can enhance farmers’ resilience to changing climate utilizing the same size of land while enhancing output and increasing revenue. Policymakers need to realign extension services to introduce legume cover crops in coffee production to reduce the labour costs and the high doses of synthetic fertilizers which emit
Air Pollution Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Networks and Cloud Computing
Authors: Okello Jimmy Obira  , Martine Fabian Lyimo  , Semakula Henry
Published: September 2023

Air pollution is the availability of pollutants and other particles in the air which affect its quality. The common sources of air pollution include vehicle and industrial emissions, bushfire and volatile organic compounds. Over 80% of the urban dwellers are exposed to air pollution especially in low and middle-income countries. With most African countries embracing industrialization coupled with rapid urbanization, air pollution is swiftly becoming a serious concern due to the associated health risks. Globally, about 4.2 million people die annually from diseases attributed to air pollution. This paper presents a mechanism of using sensors to remotely monitor air pollution. The monitored data are then sent to the cloud database in real time using an internet connection. The materials used include an Arduino Uno, ESP8266 module, carbon monoxide and smoke sensors. The approach involves connecting an ESP8266 wireless module, smoke and carbon monoxide sensors to the Arduino board using jumpers. Results revealed that data is collected by the sensors, processed by Arduino and sent to the cloud for storage and analysis. The cloud service visualizes the received data in a graphical format for easy analysis whereas a spreadsheet document can also be extracted for offline analysis. In conclusion, a system capable of monitoring smoke and carbon monoxide pollutants has been proposed. This system is effective in sending the monitored data to a cloud database in real time. Policy makers, governments, and different stakeholders such as environment authorities should embrace such systems and also sensitize the citizens on the dangers of air pollution.
Indigenous versus exotic tree species used in silviculture and agroforestry: An overview from Burundi Seed Centre data
Authors: BUKURU Anatole  , NDAYIZEYE Gaëlle  , MBARUSHIMANA Didier  , MASHARABU Tatien  , Ahishakiye Rose  , VYIZIGIRO Tite  , NAHIMANA Gregoire  , NKENGURUTSE Jacques
Published: September 2023

In Burundi, natural ecosystems are found mainly in protected areas and indigenous species seem to be scarce in silvicultural and agroforestry programs. The indisputable enthusiasm of the population to use Eucalyptus has already completely transformed the Burundian landscape. The present study aims at analyzing the extent of the exotic species use versus indigenous by different stakeholders, among them the Government of Burundi. Sales statistics (2012-2021) from the Burundian Office for the Protection of the Environment seed bank were analyzed. The study reveals that out of 23 species, seeds of only three indigenous tree species are sold. The latter corresponds to 27% of the total seed weight, representing only 0.11% of the total seed number. Eucalyptus div. sp. are the most dedicated to silvicultural programs with 99.63% of total seeds; no indigenous tree species is known for silviculture in Burundi. Concerning agroferestry, indigenous species are represented by Maesopsis emenii, Markhamia lutea and Polycias fulva totaling 29.03 % of total seed weight, equivalent to only 1.17 % of the total seed number. The most used species are exotic, namely Grevillea robusta, Calliandra calothyrsus and Cedrella serrulata, representing 57%, 25.43% and 11.36% of total seed number respectively. Likewise, the Government programs as well as other stakeholders are choosing seed species in the same way. This study showed the exclusive use of exotic species in silvicultural where Eucalyptus div.sp. have won over foresters and the general population due to their rapid growth, high productivity and regeneration regardless soil quality. The present study confirms the quasi-exclusive use of exotic tree species in silvicultural and agroforestry programs by different actors. Our findings suggest the need to seek for alternative indigenous tree species to promote. Relevant policies should be revised and implemented accordingly for the soil conservation and ecosystem restoration as well as reforestation.
Benchmarking of the Electricity Sector in East Africa: An Assessment of Technical Efficiency
Authors: NSABIMANA René
Published: September 2023

The electricity sector has globally been subject to reforms since the 1990s. The reforms consisted of unbundling vertically integrated monopolies and attracting the private sector with a view of improving quality of service (QoS) and technical efficiency. In some East African countries, however, the electricity sector remains vertically integrated. Controlling electricity losses has been difficult, resulting in poor QoS. This paper analyzes and compares the performance of the East African power sector with regard to QoS. A non-parametric approach, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) was used to estimate the technical efficiency scores and the Total Factor Productivity Change (TFPC) for productivity improvement under two models, generation and transmission-distribution (TD). Data comprising two outputs and three inputs was collected in Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda for the period 2008-2017. On average, the East African power sector exhibits performance gaps of 20% for the generation model, and 22% for the TD model. In the generation model, it exhibits Decreasing Returns to Scale (DRS) at a frequency of 34 out of 60, compared to 16 for Increasing Returns to Scale (IRS) and 10 for Constant Returns to Scale (CRS). However, in the TD model, IRS are the most dominant, with a frequency of 31 out of 60 compared to 19 and 10 for DRS and CRS respectively. Inefficiency is largely attributed to excess inputs, including high-voltage transmission line lengths and electricity losses, as well as a shortage of outputs, such as the number of customers. The study also shows a global productivity improvement, which is linked to efficiency change for the generation model and technological change for the TD model. Specifically, countries that have attracted the private sector into the generation and/or distribution sectors have improved their productivity compared to others with state-owned utilities.
Formulation and evaluation of a herbal shampoo using flavonoid glycosides from Dicerocaryum senecioides
Authors: Pamhidzai Dzomba
Published: September 2023

Trichophyton tonsurans affecting the scalp skin and hair shaft, is the most common public health problem in children in most countries. Multidrug T. tonsurans resistance has been observed leading to clinical treatment failure and relapse. In the present study, a herbal shampoo was formulated using flavonoid glycosides from Dicerocaryum senecioides as active principal components. Flavonoids glycosides were isolated using a bioassay directed protocol, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) p-iodonitrotetrazolium violet bio-autography. The formulated herbal shampoo efficacy was tested using the poisoned food assay with clinical strains isolated from patients showing resistance to conventional medicines that are marketed locally. Ten volunteers, 6 girls and 4 boys also participated in assessing the efficacy of the herbal shampoo. From the 10 participants, 3 were blindly given shampoos that did not consist of the flavonoids glycosides. Quality characteristics of the shampoo were determined by monitoring pH changes, microorganisms, colour and viscosity changes, and presence of rancid ordors.  The herbal shampoo showed significant mycelial growth inhibitory activity of 93.2 ± 0.6% on the poisoned food assay. All the 7 participants administered with the experimental shampoo were healed by washing their scalp once per day and the condition did not appear again while for the 3 administered with the placebo the condition remained. The condition disappeared when they were administered the experimental shampoo later on. Sensory quality analysis shows that pH of 6.85, green leaf colour and smell were maintained throughout the period of study. The viscosity was also consistent. No microorganism or molds were found in the shampoo. The results obtained from this study showed that the herbal shampoo is an effective alternative option against T. tonsurans scalp skin and hair shafts infections. The flavonoid glycosides maybe utilized to make herbal shampoo for scalp infections.
Postharvest Handling Practices and Hygiene Knowledge of Cowpea Leaves among Households in the Arid and Semi-Arid Lands in Kenya
Authors: Miano Ann
Published: September 2023

Cowpea leaves are highly perishable seasonal crops with limited utilization in the arid and semi- arid lands. The instituted coping strategies among households to enhance the availability of the vegetable for consumption are yet to be elucidated in any documented studies. The study sought to assess the post-harvest handling practices and hygiene knowledge in the arid lands of Kenya. A cross-sectional study involving 405 randomly selected households was used in Taita Taveta and Kitui Counties. A large percentage (97.5%) of households consumed cowpea leaves sourced from their farms. Households producing cowpea leaves in Taita Taveta County had less odds (OR=0.6) of having surplus produce than those from Kitui County (χ2=5.4, df =1, p<0.05). Major storage techniques for surplus produce among the households included drying (16.8%) and storage under low temperature (8.4%), there was a significant difference in the storage techniques between the two counties (p<0.05). Field heat management was only done among 55.3% households with the higher percentage (71.7%) being from Taita Taveta County (χ2=45.2, df=1, p<0.05). Some households have learnt some methods to extend the shelf life but have not been adopted, there was no statistical significance difference between the two counties on the adoption of the preservation methods (χ2=0.3, df=1, p>0.05). Losses are majorly attributed by poor storages facilities, at least 59.6 % of farmers from Taita Taveta lack these facilities and 40.4%/ from Kitui, with a significant difference (p<0.05, χ2=16.2). Both regions had poor hygiene and post-harvest handling knowledge scores with Kitui County having higher scores, A significant difference (p<0.05, x=33.2) in knowledge scores was noted between the two counties. In conclusion, post-harvest management practices in both counties are inadequate and need to be improved in order to increase utilization and reduce post-harvest losses.
Integration and implementation of rainwater harvesting technologies in development programs, planning and budgeting in Matungulu Sub-County, Machakos County, Kenya
Authors: Wekesa Peter , Muthama Jonh , Mutune Jane
Published: September 2023

The constitution of Kenya 2010 placed the supply of water and services related to sanitation as a devolved function of County Governments. The clear delineation of roles between the County and National Governments have not significantly improved access to potable and clean water to households. Thirty-six percent of Kenya’s population in Arid and Semi-Arid Lands (ASAL) still have to walk many kilometers in search for water for animal and human utilization There has been introduction of new rainwater harvesting technologies (RHT) that can alleviate the water scarcity, however little progress has been made on improvement of access to clean water in ASAL areas. There is, therefore, need to investigate the initiatives by the County Government of Machakos to integrate and implement water harvesting technologies in its development programs, planning and budgeting among households. Structured questionnaires were utilized to fetch primary data on integration and implementation of rainwater harvesting technologies which were then analyzed. Data was presented using tables, Charts and bar graphs to provide clarity of the findings. Calculation of arithmetic mean, standard deviation, Analysis of variance and regression analysis was done in order to deduce clear understanding of the findings. Documentary evidence was used to establish the programs and initiatives put in place by the County Government. The findings suggested that the County Government had put in place mechanisms to integrate RHTs in its development agenda however, the cost remained the biggest impediment to integration. A regression analysis showed that the Integration of RHT had a positive and significant effect on household livelihoods (β= 0.755, t=22.351, p=0.000<0.05). The study recommends that the County Government of Machakos develop programs to support integration of RHTs including providing subsidies, training, engaging development partners to finance rainwater harvesting and providing technical support.