bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare Presentation of a Large Desmoid Tumor after Surgery for Meckel’s Diverticulum
Authors:   Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria BioCruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain, Alganza Olatz Ocerin , González Christian Pérez ,   Unidad de Cirugía Colorrectal, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain, Torre María Nagore Arana de la ,   Unidad de Cirugía Colorrectal, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain, González José María García ,   Unidad de Cirugía Colorrectal, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain
Published: April 2024

The patient is a 54-year-old male with no personal history of interest and only one previous surgery for ileal resection and mechanical anastomosis 3 years earlier due to a complicated Meckel’s diverticulum. Presently, he came to the Emergency Department with abdominal discomfort and distension over the past 3 months. Physical examination detected a mass in the right flank, and CT revealed a large exophytic mass measuring about 18_15 cm originating at the terminal ileum (Figure 1). We conducted en bloc excision of the tumor as well as 30 cm of the terminal ileum that were encompassed by it (Figure 2), followed by appendectomy and ileocolic anastomosis. The pathology report described a 17-cm desmoid fibromatosis with free resection margins and beta-catenin positivity.
Considerations on Job Satisfaction as a Predictor of Employment Success for People with Severe Mental Illness
Authors:   Professor of Psychiatry at the University of La Laguna (ULL), Director of the Insular Plan for Psychosocial Rehabilitation of Tenerife (PIRP), President of the AEN Rehabilitation Section, Tenerife, Spain, FR Pulido , MJM Cartaya ,   Psychologist, Tenerife, Spain, NC Estebaranz ,   Psychologist, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Coordinator of the Individualized Employment Support Team, Tenerife, Spain
Published: April 2024

In the psychosocial rehabilitation of people with Severe Mental Illness (SMI), employment plays an important role as ingredient in the recovery process and human rights, as the numerous benefits generated in each of the personal and social dimensions. Existing research has tried to determine the variables that favour or hinder access to the labour market by studying the experiences reported by SMI people in ordinary employment. However, the results obtained do not show a clear consensus on the variables that determine the success of the employment experience. The job satisfaction is presented as a variable to be deeply studied due to the few studies on this topic. This paper provides a review of studies on job satisfaction as a predictor of success in SMI people regular employment, different databases were consulted from 2010 to 2021.
A Review of Antithrombotic Agents for the Treatment of Ischemic Stroke
Authors:   Lee’s Pharmaceutical (Hong Kong) Limited, Hong Kong, NG Jocelyn , LI Benjamin ,   Lee’s Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited, Hong Kong
Published: April 2024

Ischemic stroke caused by a blockage in blood vessels that supplies blood to the brain, can lead to severe neurological disability or even death if not treated in a timely proper manner. Current treatment for ischemic stroke comprises Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy (IVT) and Endovascular Therapy (EVT). However, the unmet medical needs lie in the high disability, narrow therapeutic window, low patient eligibility for operations, and recurrent ischemic stroke and bleeding complications. The development of antithrombotic agents is key to reducing complications of current treatment and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. This review paper covers a wide range of most commonly used antithrombotic medications or advancements in antithrombotic agents, including warfarin, heparins (UFH and LMWH), direct oral anticoagulants (dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixaban), aspirin, dual-antiplatelet therapies (clopidogrel/aspirin and dipyridamole/aspirin), and Glycoprotein (GP) inhibitors (tirofiban and anfibatide). This paper compares the efficacy and safety of antithrombotic agents and discusses the advancement and potential of GP inhibitors in treating ischemic stroke patients. Based on preclinical and clinical results, it was found that GP inhibitors have higher antithrombotic and neuroprotective efficacy and are relatively safe with a lower rate of bleeding complications among all agents. The novel Anfibatide, a snake venom-derived GPIba inhibitor currently in the early clinical development stage, has shown superior efficacy and safety profile compared to other agents. It has great potential to fulfill the current unmet medical needs in ischemic stroke treatment. It is worth exploring the mechanism of GP inhibitors and their applications in ischemic stroke treatment.
A Review of Anfibatide Studies in Animal Models with Ischemic Stroke and Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and in Healthy Human
Authors:   Lee’s Pharmaceutical (Hong Kong) Limited, Hong Kong, NG Jocelyn , LI Benjamin ,   Lee’s Pharmaceutical Holdings Limited, Hong Kong
Published: April 2024

Anfibatide is a synthetic antiplatelet thrombolysin derived from snake venom and is proposed to treat ischemic stroke and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Current standard treatments for ischemic stroke include the administration of rt-PA, a thrombolytic agent, or endovascular removal of thrombi. However, the post-treatments are often associated with the occlusion of vessels due to a lack of antiplatelet and unrecovered vessel injury. Anfibatide, as a GPIba antagonist that interrupts the initiation of platelet aggregation caused by GPIba-vWF binding, becomes a potential novel candidate for treating ischemic stroke due to its antiplatelet and antithrombosis effects. Key findings show that Anfibatide can significantly reduce microthrombus formation in cerebral vessels and reduce neuron apoptosis due to the release of pro-inflammatory mediators caused by ischemia or Ischemia-Reperfusion (I/R) injury. Significant improvement in neurological scores and reversal of brain structure alterations are observed in the Anfibatide-treated ischemic animal models. To facilitate the clinical development of Anfibatide, this paper aims to summarize the completed preclinical studies and the Phase I clinical trial results of anfibatide to evaluate the risks and therapeutic potentials of Anfibatide in ischemic patients.
Increased Antithrombotic Properties of Unfractionated Heparin in Rats Following Oral Administration of Multiple Doses and Its Correlation with Endothelial Heparin Concentration
Authors:   Apollo College of Pharmacy, Durg CG, India, Sonwani Hari Prasad
Published: April 2024

In a rat model of venous thrombosis, a single oral dose of 7.5mg kg-1 of Unfractionated Heparin (UFH) lowers thrombosis by 50%. Since clinical long-term use is necessary, our goals were to investigate the antithrombotic effects of repeated oral UFH administration. Rats were given three doses of 7.5mg kg-1 every 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours apart—as well as three or fifteen doses of 1 mg kg—1 every 48 hours—by oral gavage of cow lung UFH. The final dosage was injecting 10% formalin in methanol into the jugular vein right after thrombus start. Four hours later, the vessel was checked for thrombosis. Heparin levels in endothelium and tissue as well as plasma anticoagulant activity were assessed. As 3×7.5 When heparin (mg kg-1) was administered, the incidence of thrombosis was notably lower during 48-hour dosing intervals than with a single dose. Endothelial heparin concentration and thrombotic incidence were negatively correlated, while anticoagulant activity was not. Treatment with three doses of 1mg kg-1 every 48 hours resulted in a thrombotic incidence comparable to that of a single dosage. The total thrombotic incidence after 15 doses was comparable to that following s.c. treatment and was lower than that of 3 doses. Oral UFH delivery resulted in increased antithrombotic activity and antithrombotic effects that were comparable to those of s.c. administration. Heparin’s antithrombotic effect on endothelium was linked to it.
Efficient Exploration of Highly Conductive Pyrrolidinium-based Ionic Plastic Crystals Using Materials Informatics
Authors: Ootahara Takuto , Hatakeyama-Sato Kan , Thomas Morgan L. , Takeoka Yuko , Rikukawa Masahiro , Yoshizawa-Fujita Masahiro
Published: April 2024

Ionic plastic crystals (IPCs), which are soft crystals with plasticity and ionic conductivity, are expected to be applied as solid electrolytes in battery applications. Further improvement of ionic conductivity is necessary for practical use as an electrolyte for energy storage devices. Materials Informatics (MI) is a method of incorporating information science in materials development. In this research, MI is being used to develop IPCs with high ionic conductivity. By using informatics science in addition to chemical knowledge, this research can be carried out efficiently and innovatively. The synthesis of eight new compounds resulted in six of them being solid at room temperature, while two of them were in a liquid state, namely ionic liquids. We evaluated the phase transition temperatures and ionic conductivity for each compound. Notably, N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium trifluoromethyltrifluoroborate ([C2mpyr][CF3BF3]) exhibited a high ionic conductivity of 1.75×10-4 S cm-1 at 25 oC, which is one of the highest values reported among IPCs to date. The combination of an experimental and MI based approach revealed an improved understanding of the relationship between ion size and ionic conductivity for a series of pyrrolidinium-based IPCs, and it is expected that further improvements to this approach will yield greater understanding of structure-property relationships.
Shaping, Degradation And Drug Release Of Biosourced Particles Made From Acrylated Vegetable Oils
Authors: HU ChaoHe , LU Estelle , LACOUR Lucie , DELSUC Nicolas , Bresson Bruno , MALLET Jean-Maurice , FATTACCIOLI Jacques
Published: April 2024

The widespread employment of petroleum-based polymers is the cause of unsolved environmental problems, such as the pollution by microplastics. In this context, biodegradable plastics have attracted attention as new materials that can replace conventional ones in certain applications, especially those made from renewable resources such as acrylated epoxidized soybean oil (AESO). While AESO has been shown to be used efficiently as a plasticizer or coating material, we show here that it can be used to make microparticles of simple and sophisticated shapes, including core-shell structures, using bulk shearing or microfluidic techniques. After characterizing the polymerization conditions, we show that these particles are degradable in mild chemical or enzymatic conditions, and that they can encapsulate fluorescent probes or hydrophobic molecules of therapeutic interest. Finally, we show that they can release these molecules using a well defined mechanism in simulated digestion fluids.
Addition, Elimination, and Rearrangement Reactions of Cyclopropyl-Substituted Nitrenium Ions: A Computational and Experimental Investigation
Authors: Hong Donald , Falvey Daniel
Published: April 2024

Two cyclopropyl substituted nitrenium ions were generated through photolysis of their corresponding N-aminopyridinium ion photoprecursors. In the case of N-biphenyl-N-cyclopropyl nitrenium ion (5). Stable products are derived from a combination of cyclopropyl ring expansion, forming N-biphenylazetium ion, and ethylene elimination, forming biphenylisonitrilium ion. When present in high concentrations, methanol can add to the cyclopropyl ring forming N-3-methoxypropyl-N-biphenyl iminium ion. In contrast, the only detectable product from N-benzyl-N-cyclopropyl nitrenium ion (6) is benzylisonitrile, resulting from elimination of ethylene. DFT calculations predict the product distributions from the more stable biphenyl system 5 with reasonable accuracy. However product distributions from the less stable benzyl system 6 are forecast with less accuracy.
Linear and nonlinear optical response based on the GW-Bethe-Salpeter and Kadanoff-Baym approaches for two-dimensional layered semiconductor materials
Authors: Skachkov Dmitry , Englund Dirk , Leuenberger Michael
Published: April 2024

The family of 2D layered semiconductors, including transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs) of the form MX (M=Ga, In; X=S, Se, Te) and their Janus structures M$_2$XX' (X$\ne$X') exhibit exceptional nonlinear optical properties. The energetically most favorable crystal ordering for nonlinear response is the AB layer stacking, which breaks central inversion symmetry for an arbitrary number of layers, resulting in non-zero off-diagonal elements of the $\chi^{(2)}$ tensor for arbitrary thickness of the materials. Experimentally, the second harmonic generation (SHG) in GaSe is the strongest among all the 2D layered crystals. We perform first-principles calculations of bandstructures and linear and nonlinear optical responses of monolayer and bulk TMC crystals and their Janus structures based on $GW$-Bethe-Salpeter and Kadanoff-Baym approaches in and out of equilibrium, respectively, while taking band gap renormalization and excitonic effects into account. We provide detailed analysis of the linear and nonlinear optical selection rules by means of group and representation theory. In particular, we derive general formulas for the nonlinear optical response based on exciton states in semiconductor materials. We show that by choosing elements with larger mass and by breaking the symmetry of TMC monolayers using Janus structures it is possible to increase the nonlinear $\chi^{(2)}$ and $\chi^{(3)}$ response in 2D semiconductor materials.
Optimizing Oil Recovery: A Comprehensive Review of Foam Applications in Enhanced Oil Recovery.
Authors: SAKHI Tayeb
Published: April 2024

As global oil demand continues to rise and operators scale back on exploration investments, the adoption of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology is becoming increasingly essential. This approach strategically aims to optimize reserves in existing fields, maximizing production through efficient processes. In recent years, there has been a notable surge in the adoption of foam applications in EOR. These foam applications are particularly effective in managing gas mobility in injector wells and preventing gas blockages in production wells. The use of foam has proven to be an effective method for addressing reservoir heterogeneity concerns, including viscosity fingering, gravity segregation, and channeling. These solutions maintain operational stability while improving the efficiency of oil recovery. However, persistent challenges remain ongoing, such as foam solution quality, foamability, stability under high pressures and temperatures, and interactions with the oil phase. Thus, ongoing research and development are crucial to overcome these challenges and optimize the use of foam in enhanced oil recovery. This paper aims to comprehensively review and synthesize the most pertinent studies on foam-based enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The study thoroughly investigates the factors that affect foam stability and efficiency, offering a comprehensive understanding of foam generation in porous media. The paper review identifies knowledge gaps and proposes methods to incorporate physical understandings of experiments into assessments of foam project performance. The paper explores the applications of foam in laboratory and field settings, highlighting recent advancements in improving foam stability.
Nature of ‎Metal-Support Interaction Discovered by Interpretable Machine ‎Learning
Authors: Wang Tairan , Ouyang Runhai , Hu Jianyu , Wang Yutao , Shu Wu , Chai Xuting , Hu Sulei , Li Wei-Xue
Published: April 2024

Metal catalysts supported on oxides play a paramount role in numerous industrial reactions. ‎Modulating metal-support interaction is a key strategy to boost ‎catalytic productivity and ‎stability; however, the nature of metal-support interaction and quantification remain major ‎unsolved problems. By ‎leveraging interpretable ‎machine learning, domain knowledge, and ‎experimental data available, we discover a physical metal-support interaction equation ‎applicable ‎to metal nanoparticles and adatoms on oxides, and oxide films on metals. Though ‎metal-oxygen interaction dominates metal-support interaction and determines the metal ‎composition effect, metal-metal interaction delineates the support effect. This ensures a principle ‎of strong metal-metal interaction for encapsulation of suboxide over metal ‎nanoparticles, ‎substantiated comprehensively by molecular dynamics simulations and ‎previous experiments. The ‎developed theory provides valuable insights and guidance in engineering the metal-support ‎interface. ‎
A sustainable CVD approach for ZrN as potential catalyst for nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Glauber Jean-Pierre , Lorenz Julian , Liu Ji , Muller Bjorn , Bragulla Sebastian , Kostka Aleksander , Rogalla Detlef , Wark Michael , Nolan Michael , Harms Corinna , Devi Anjana
Published: April 2024

In pursuit of developing alternatives for the highly polluting Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis, the electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) on transition metal nitrides such as zirconium mononitride (ZrN) has been identified as potential pathway for ammonia synthesis. In particular, specific facets of ZrN have been theoretically described as a potentially active and selective for the NRR. Major obstacles that need to be overcome include the synthesis of tailored catalyst materials that can activate the inert dinitrogen bond while suppressing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and not being degraded during electrocatalysis. To tackle these challenges, a comprehensive understanding of the influence of the catalyst’s structure, composition, and morphology on the NRR activity is required. This motivates the use of metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) as the materials synthesis route, as it enables catalyst nanoengineering by tailoring the process parameters. Herein, we report the fabrication of oriented and facetted crystalline ZrN thin films employing a single source precursor (SSP) MOCVD approach on silicon and glassy carbon (GC) substrates. First principles density functional theory (DFT) simulations elucidated the preferred decomposition pathway of the SSP, while ab initio molecular dynamics simulations show that ZrN at room temperature undergoes surface oxidation with ambient O2, yielding a Zr-O-N film, which is consistent with compositional analysis from Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) in combination with nuclear reaction analysis (NRA) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiling. Proof-of-principle NRR experiments of ZrN/GC hint towards a possible activity for the electrochemical NRR in sulfuric acid electrolyte.
Small molecule amyloid disrupters demonstrate therapeutic efficacy for transthyretin amyloidosis
Authors: Yamane Mina , Umeda Hiroki , Toyobe Moe , Iwai Atsushi , Kudo Genki , Mitsunuma Harunobu , Hori Yukiko , Tomita Taisuke , Mizuguchi Mineyuki , Okada Masamitsu , Ueda Mitsuharu , Ando Yukio , Kawashima Shigehiro A. , Sohma Youhei , Hirokawa Takatsugu , Yamanaka Kunitoshi , Kanai Motomu
Published: April 2024

The escalating global trend of an aging population has brought attention to the rising prevalence of late-onset amyloid disorders. Among them, transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) presents a growing medical challenge, particularly in the elderly. Herein we report the first therapeutic efficacy of a small molecule catalyst that selectively disrupts and neutralizes the intrinsic toxicity of aggregated transthyretin via photooxygenation. The established conditions demonstrated improved motility defect severity within the ATTR model C. elegans, the singularly acknowledged experimental modality recapitulating the clinical manifestation of ATTR. The approach was applicable to photooxygenation of cardiac amyloid fibrils extracted from an ATTR patient. In silico analysis provided a molecular rationale for the reactivity performance of the optimized catalyst, key to bridging the gap between in vivo applicability and therapeutic efficacy.
Deducing formation routes of oxylipins by quantitative multiple heart-cutting achiral-chiral 2D-LC-MS
Authors: Kampschulte Nadja , Loewen Ariane , Kirchhoff Rebecca , Schebb Nils Helge
Published: April 2024

This work describes the first two-dimensional (2D) liquid chromatography (LC) method that combines comprehensive quantitative analysis of oxylipins with chiral separation. By means of multiple heart-cutting (MHC), the peaks of the oxylipins are collected from a 31.5 min efficient reversed-phase (RP) 1D-separation and transferred onto a short chiral column with < 2 µm particles. Full gradient 2D separation of 45 pairs of enantiomeric hydroxy- and vicinal dihydroxy-fatty acids is achieved within 1.80 min, resulting in peak widths at half height < 2.5 sec. Precise heart-cutting of the complete 1D peak enables high sensitivity in tandem-mass spectrometric detection following electrospray-ionization (ESI) in negative mode, yielding with lower limits of quantification below 1 pg on column. Enantiomeric fractions of oxylipins can be precisely (±5%) determined even at low concentrations or high enantiomeric excess of one isomer. Combined with comprehensive quantification in 1D both, the concentration as well as the enantiomeric ratio can be determined in biological samples. This is demonstrated for hydroxy-fatty acids in cell culture, enabling to distinguish formation by (acetylated) cyclooxygenase-2 as well as radical mediated autoxidation. Analysis of 5,15-DiHETE, 5,15-DiHEPE and 7,17-DiHDHA, whose four stereoisomers coelute in RP-LC, showed that in human M2-like macrophages the (S,S)-enantiomer is predominantly present, indicating enzymatic formation. The achiral-chiral MHC-2D-LC-ESI(-)-MS/MS method thus improves the targeted oxylipin analysis and offers unprecedented selectivity, enabling an understanding of the formation route of these lipid mediators.
General Graph Neural Network Based Implicit Solvation Model for Organic Molecules in Water
Authors: Katzberger Paul , Riniker Sereina
Published: April 2024

The dynamical behavior of small molecules in their environment can be studied with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to gain deeper insight on an atomic level and thus complement and rationalize the interpretation of experimental findings. Such approaches are of great value in various areas of research, e.g., in the development of new therapeutics. The accurate description of solvation effects in such simulations is thereby key and has in consequence been an active field of research since the introduction of MD. Until today the most accurate approaches involve computationally expensive explicit solvent simulations, while widely applied models using an implicit solvent description suffer from reduced accuracy. Recently, machine learning (ML) approaches that provide a probabilistic representation of solvation effects have been proposed as potential alternatives. However, the associated computational costs and minimal or lacking transferability used to render them unusable in practice. Here, we report the first example of a transferable ML-based implicit solvent model trained on a diverse set of 3’000’000 molecular structures that can be applied to organic small molecules for simulations in water. Extensive testing against reference calculations demonstrated that the model delivers on par accuracy with explicit solvent simulations while providing up to 18-fold increase in sampling rate.
Telemedicine: Practices and Beliefs among Medical Students of a Government Medical College in Bengaluru, Karnataka
Authors: S Geethu , Jadhav Jyothi , T S Ranganath
Published: April 2024

Background Information technology has offered a bridging pathway for geo-separation between clinician and consumer thus providing more efficient and economic health care services. Successful adaptation and integration of e-Health and concepts of telemedicine in clinical practice will aid in increasing subjective proficiencies offers location independent health care services and also reduces health care costs. Hence this study was conducted to assess the beliefs as well as the practices in the medical students to evaluate end user needs preferences benefits and barriers. The study assessed the self-rated views of medical students regarding telemedicine its benefits and barriers.Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to June 2022 among medical students of a Government Medical College in Bengaluru. By universal sampling technique a total of 102 medical students participated in the study. Data was collected by an online survey using Google forms using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire which included self-reported views barriers and benefits in the backdrop of e-Health and telemedicine. Data was exported to MS Excel and SPSS was used for analysis. Descriptive data has been presented in the form of proportions and percentages. Normally distributed qualitative data were expressed as mean and standard deviation.Results Majority of the respondents had moderate knowledge about e-Health 42 and telemedicine 47. Only 28 agreed that quality of health care can be enhanced by telemedicine. Participants also opined that telemedicine offers location independent health care services 49 and reduces health care costs 48. Concerns about the security and privacy of the data was also raised by the participants.Conclusion The study has provided acumen into the perceptions of budding healthcare professionals regarding e-Health and telemedicine. Telemedicine can help in providing access to health care services equitably and can be a tool for better health workforce in the near future.
Assessment of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Pourakarmikas in Bengaluru, Karnataka: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: G Sahanashree , Thangaraj Selvi , T S Ranganath , Ganesh Hegde Vinaykumar , R Krishnan Sini , Md Shoyaib K , R Nayak Raksha , G Pradeep Kumar N
Published: April 2024

Background In a metropolitan city like Bengaluru solid waste disposal is a challenging task and Pourakarmikas play an integral role in this. lsquoPourakarmikasrsquo is the terminology used for municipal solid waste workers in Karnataka referring to street sweepers who collect waste and carry out the cleaning of public places. It includes activities like collecting garbage recyclable materials and commercial amp industrial wastes. Municipal solid waste is collected manually requiring repeated heavy physical activity. Musculoskeletal problems are common among waste collectors. Hence the study was conducted to assess musculoskeletal disorders among Pourakarmikas.Methodology This cross-sectional study was carried from June to August 2022 among Pourakarmikas in Chickpet ward South zone Bengaluru using systematic random sampling method. The sample size was calculated according to the previous study by Reddy EM et al. and was rounded up to 140. The data was collected using Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire which was entered into an excel sheet and analyzed using SPSS v27.0.Results 92.9 of the participants were females and 49 of the participants belonged to the age group 31-40 years. Among 140 Pourakarmikas included in the study 125 89.28 reported having musculoskeletal pain in the last year. Most of them belonged to lower socio-economic status and only a few were from the lower middle class.Conclusion The higher prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder among Pourakarmikas were mainly due to their nature of work and long hours of employment. The most frequently affected body regions were the lower back followed by knee joint upper back and shoulder joints. The symptoms were attributed to their work experience of more than 20 years followed by 5-10 years. Integrated health education including ergonomics and healthy work habits needs to be incorporated into a pre-health screening program.
Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance in Commonly Isolated Uropathogens in a Tertiary Care Hospital Before and During Covid-19
Authors: MJ Praseetha , GB Shantala , R Ambica , GR Kusuma
Published: April 2024

Introduction Antimicrobial resistance of uropathogens is a growing problem that complicates an effective treatment for urinary tract infection UTI. Insights on the antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogens causing UTIs are mandatory in the current scenario.Objective Determining the antimicrobial susceptibility spectrum of commonly isolated gram-negative bacteria from patients with UTI.Methodology In this study from 1st January 2019 to 15th June 2021 500 unique isolates of UTI-causing gram-negative bacteria were analyzed in the department of Microbiology Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute BMCRI. The samples were obtained from patients admitted to the wards. The bacteriological profile and antimicrobial resistance patterns of the most common pathogens were assessed.Results Among the 200 bacterial isolates in 2019 the most common pathogen isolated was Escherichia coli 60.5 followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae 17. Similar results were reported in 2020 and 2021. Among 200 isolates the most common pathogen isolated was E. coli65.5 and 74 respectively followed by K. pneumoniae 20 and 11 respectively. E. coli and K. pneumoniae showed increased resistance to betalactam drugs including cephalosporins across the years.Conclusion Overall E. coli showed high resistance to oral antibiotic ampicillin and injectable ceftriaxone. K. pneumoniae showed high resistance to oral antibiotic ciprofloxacin and injectable ceftriaxone. The injudicious use of antimicrobial agents has paved the way for the rise of resistant pathogens to several antimicrobial agents.
Fritillaria meleagris L. (Liliaceae) in the Kharkiv Region: ecological preferences, conservation problems
Authors: Bezrodnova O. , Ivanova K.
Published: April 2024

Fritillaria meleagris L. is a рalearctic species with a disjunct distribution. It is protected at the national level in Ukraine, listed as "vulnerable" in the Red Data Book. Most of the data on the species distribution, as well as on the status and stability of its populations, have been obtained for the Carpathian region. Much less information is available for F. meleagris in the Forest Steppe, especially for its left-bank part. The article presents the results of the study of the peculiarities of F. meleagris distribution in the Kharkiv Region and provides information on the structure of coenopopulations and their ecological and coenotic preferences. Problems and prospects for this species conservation are also considered. The studies cover the biotopes of the Merla River valley and its tributary, the Merchyk River (the Dnipro River basin) in an area of more than 35 square km. In the Kharkiv Region, the F. meleagris coenopopulations were found mainly in grass-type biotopes. These are usually secondary post-forest meadows of the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea Tx. 1937 class. Only one coenopopulation is located in a tree-type biotope (mixed floodplain forest with Quercus robur L., Ulmus laevis Pall., Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Salix alba L., Padus avium Mill., Populus аlba L., P. deltoides Marshall, P. tremula L., Acer negundo L., А. tataricum L., A. campestris L., without a pronounced dominant). The specificity of the ecological regimes of the studied localities of F. meleagris has been clarified by the phytoindication method. As a rule, they are damp (less often, fresh) forest-meadow habitats with full, but uneven (temporarily excessive) wetting of the root layer of the soil. The soils are moderately aerated, weakly acidic (pH 5.5–6.5), enriched with salts, but with insignificant carbonate content, and often relatively poor in terms of mineral nitrogen. The climate is characterized by submicrothermal conditions with signs of subaridity and subcontinentality. We have not detected any significant variability of conditions (both edaphic and climatic) in the studied localities. They are more or less optimal for the existence of F. meleagris. In all the F. meleagris localities studied, the change in the hydrological regime due to the reclamation of floodplain remains a risk factor but does not pose an immediate threat. The existence of forest coenopopulations in glades is threatened by overgrowth of trees and shrubs (the invasion of Populus tremula and Acer negundo is particularly dangerous). The decrease in the number of meadow coenopopulations is a result of plowing and burning. Currently, in the Kharkiv Region, F. meleagris is protected in Slobozhanskyі National Nature Park (1 locality) and in Kapranskyі Botanical Reserve of local importance (11 localities). Monitoring of the existing localities outside the protected areas and their inclusion into the expansion zone of the Slobozhanskyі National Nature Park is an important condition for their preservation.
Inclusive Education in the Context of Ethnocultural Diversity: Understanding the Process of Exclusion to Act in the School — A Secondary Publication
Authors: Magnan Marie-Odile , Gosselin-Gagné Justine , Audet Geneviève , Conus Xavier
Published: April 2024

This paper reveals that the implementation of inclusive education is an unfinished challenge, both within the system and for individual self-improvement. This process of changing practices, by continually questioning the school’s responsibility for the (re)production of inequalities, exclusion, and unequal social relations, is riddled with obstacles, unpredictable situations, and strong emotions. In particular, the researchers point out that many systemic mechanisms of school culture contribute to replicating and reifying hierarchical school experiences and exacerbating processes of institutional discrimination against immigrant backgrounds and/or racialized students. The empirical research presented also highlights the school staff’s deficit thinking toward immigrant students and their parents. The results show that staff tend to use linguistic and cultural gaps between students and the school system to explain academic failure. Be that as it may, the researchers as well as the school actors and students interviewed in this paper suggest multiple ways to improve inclusion in the school context, stressing the importance of giving voice to the various actors in order to move toward institutional transformation.
Relations Between School and Immigrant Families in Albertan Francophone School: Perspectives of Settlement Workers in Schools — A Secondary Publication
Authors: Jacquet Marianne , André Gwenaëlle
Published: April 2024

In recent years, Francophone schools in Alberta, a province in western Canada, have seen significant ethnocultural diversification of their school population, thus reflecting recent migratory changes in Canada. The population of a Francophone school board located in an agglomeration of Alberta reflects these new migratory trends. A partial ethnodemographic portrait carried out in 2003 in six of its schools indicates that 50% of the pupils come from an immigrant background and come from 23 different countries; mostly from sub-Saharan African countries. This demographic reality, confirmed more than a decade later, represents a major structural change for Francophone schools. In Alberta, as in other Canadian provinces, inclusion is at the heart of discourse and educational practices. With a transformative aim, it intends to promote ethnocultural diversity in the classroom and equal opportunities through school equity practices. This article focuses on the settlement workers in schools responsible for bridging family, community, and school cultures. The analysis of the interviews of the four workers sheds light on and questions both the institutional practices and the personal strategies put in place to face the challenges encountered in this tripartite collaboration.
The Commitment to Promoting a Culture of Equity in Quebec Secondary Schools: Insights from School Stakeholders — A Secondary Publication
Authors: Borri-Anadon Corina , Audet Geneviève , Lemaire Eve
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the results of a research project on the intercultural climate in schools and the academic success of immigrant students in Quebec. The intercultural climate in eight secondary public schools is documented from the standpoint of various school and community stakeholders, students, and parents. More specifically, the paper focuses on the commitment to promoting cultural equity, which is identified through interviews with the targeted stakeholders on exclusionary practices and processes and the practices implemented to counter them. The results identify five areas of vulnerability among certain minoritized groups of students: the transition from welcoming to regular classes for those students learning French, evaluation and support for those experiencing learning or behavioral difficulties, the referral of these students to adult education programs or work-oriented training programs, their participation in extracurricular activities, and their access to special school projects. Nonetheless, some schools do report the introduction of many equity practices in response to the exclusionary ones. However, these initiatives are mostly occasional and voluntary and pertain to interactions between individuals. These findings call for a discussion on the importance of systemic and concerted initiatives towards achieving equity.
Anais da IV Jornada das Ligas Acadêmicas de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba
Authors: Pessoa Silva de Bastos André , Gabriel da Silva Queiroz Antony , Henrique Sales de Oliveira Pedro , Lopes Silveira Walysson , Dos Santos Silva Diego , Narciso de Oliveira Castro Neto Deodato
Published: April 2024

A quarta edição da Jornada das Ligas Acadêmicas de Medicina trata-se de um evento tradicional que ocorre anualmente nas dependências da Universidade Federal do Delta do Parnaíba, cuja equipe de organização é formada por membros de todas as das ligas acadêmicas do curso de medicina da instituição, mas com o direcionamento de uma delas a qual determina seu tema norteador, desta vez tratou-se de trauma, urgência e emergência dentro do contexto da saúde. A jornada representa uma oportunidade única para a democratização de conhecimentos úteis ao acadêmico da área da saúde e também para a produção de trabalhos científicos, contanto com a presença de palestrantes renomados, submissão de trabalhos para apresentação oral e realização de workshops pelas ligas organizadoras, com certificação emitida pela Sociedade Acadêmica dos Estudantes de Medicina do Piauí (SAMPI). Foram mais de 117 inscritos, 37 membros na comissão organizadora, 14 palestrantes. Além disso, contou com a realização de 12 minicursos, 42 apresentações de trabalhos científicos e 13 avaliadores.
Personalization in higher education: Textoriented learning of Russian
Authors: Brenchugina-Romanova A. N. , Denisova L. O. , Safina L. M.
Published: April 2024

One of the main goals of Russian higher education is to train a professionally competent specialist. In this regard, personalization of education, which concerns various aspects of the formation of students’ personal potential, is becoming increasingly relevant in our universities. This, first of all, refers to the leading modern principles and methods of teaching when the key role belongs to the language training of a modern specialist, i.e. their mastering the language - native and foreign, as well as the development of information and professionally oriented communicative competence.

The scientific novelty of the research lies in highlighting the modern approach to the personalization of learning in teaching the Russian language, taking into account the students’ individual learning trajectory. The article touches on the issues of teaching the Russian language in higher educational institutions of Moscow. We consider the process of teaching Russian as a native, non-native and foreign language to students from different regions of the country and foreign countries in a technical and pedagogical university under personalization conditions. Russian language learning means the development of all types of students’ speech activity, moreover it contributes to mastery of their future specialty language - professional Russian. The article presents a selection of current didactic materials containing the spelling patterns, punctograms for working on language norms and spelling skills of students, as well as tasks that contribute to the development of communication skills.
Linguistic and cultural content of teaching preschoolers the Tatar language in a multilingual developmental environment
Authors: Nasyrova A. M.
Published: April 2024

The languages, in which children are raised and educated become a tool, a condition and a factor in the formation of children’s worldview and their linguistic picture. It underlies the ethnocultural and national identification of the child in the future. The education system faces challenges related not only to the education and development of children, but also to the formation of an all-Russian civic identity, to the education of a person with linguistic and sociocultural competence, the one who respects the language, culture and traditions of the peoples of the Russian Federation. This idea permeates all normative acts concerning the content of education. Education is becoming a strategic tool for ensuring the linguistic and ethnocultural diversity of our country, a support for preserving the experience of intercultural and interreligious interaction of the peoples that make up the Russian nation. Multilingual education, whose linguodidactic system ensures the development of the child in the Russian and Tatar languages, makes it possible to take into account the national and cultural needs of the younger generation living in the region.

The article reveals the experience of introducing a linguodidactic system for teaching children the Tatar language in a multilingual environment, designed to ensure the formation of a child’s national language picture.
Opening the boundaries of a literary text: Anton Chekhov’s novel “Kashtanka” and its film adaptation in teaching Russian as a foreign language
Authors: Salakhova A. R. , Yazykova A. Yu.
Published: April 2024

The article describes the work with a literary text and its adaptation in the classroom of Russian as a foreign language. In particular, we focus on the ways of understanding a literary text by including a film adaptation into classroom activities. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the intersemiotic translation and its basic concepts: adaptation, film adaptation and interpretation. For the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language, this distinction is conditional and is of great interest from the point of view of understanding the idea and content of the literary text and the peculiarities of its interpretation. When working with international students, the use of screen versions of Russian literature texts helps, on the one hand, to simplify the process of understanding their meaning and key points by visualizing verbal and nonverbal components of the text, on the other hand, to complicate this work - to increase the amount of information provided. The present paper presents the algorithm of working on the text of the short story “Kashtanka” by Anton Chekhov and its film adaptations and formulates sample tasks for classroom and independent work.
On the development of linguistic and cultural competence in a Chinese audience (based on media texts)
Authors: Khasanova R. I.
Published: April 2024

This scientific article examines the concepts of “media-text” and “linguistic and cultural competence”, analyzes various definitions of these concepts in the works of researchers in the Russian Federation and describes the features of working with media texts in classes of Russian as a foreign language.

The article emphasizes the importance of including media texts in the educational process for the effective presentation and control of the acquisition of linguistic and cultural information, the development of productive and receptive types of speech activity in Chinese students, in particular, the skills of listening, speaking and reading.

This scientific article provides teachers with recommendations and methodological approaches to the selection of certain media texts for use in classes of Russian as a foreign language. The results of the study may be useful for the further development of educational materials aimed at developing linguistic and cultural competence in Chinese students.

As a result of the research, we have found that media texts are an essential tool for learning language and culture in a multicultural context; the use of media texts increases foreign students’ motivation and interest in learning Russian as a foreign language. The article presents the results of an experimental study that confirm the hypothesis that media texts contribute to the development of linguistic and cultural competence and have a positive effect on the learning process.
The eye lexeme conceptual sphere in differently structured languages: Based on paroemias
Authors: Fattakhova N. N. , Nurutdinova A. R.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the comparative typological analysis of Russian, English and Japanese paroemias with the eye lexeme глаз /eye /目[me] in terms of cognitive linguoculturology as one of the most dynamically developing areas in modern linguistics. We focus on the issues of the formation mechanism of the conceptual models within the framework of paremias in differently structured languages. The purpose of the study is to identify and describe paremias with the eye lexeme глаз /eye /目[me] as a micromodel of reality, reflecting the way of understanding, perception and conceptualization of the world by native speakers of Russian, English and Japanese. The subject of the study is the semantics and structure of paremiological units, such as proverbs, sayings and signs reflecting a certain nationally oriented way of the surrounding reality encoding. The comparative analysis, considering the paradigmatic and syntagmatic combinations of the eye lexeme глаз /eye /目[me] in differently structured languages, allows us to conclude that the paremiological units’ analysis contributes to the reconstruction of the so-called naive world picture, referring to earlier, ancient life periods of the particular people. The core of the national concept is the referential lexeme meaning, the peripheral layer is characterized by variability, since it reflects not only the territorial conditions, but also ancient traditions, customs, beliefs of the particular people. To achieve the goal of the undertaken research, we used the traditional descriptive and lexicographic methods, in addition to the comparative linguistic and cultural methods.