bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time-Dependent Properties of Sandpiles
Authors: Pradhan Punyabrata
Published: May 2021

Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld (BTW) proposed the theory of self-organized criticality (SOC), and sandpile models, to connect “1/f” noise, observed in systems in a diverse natural setting, to the fractal spatial structure. We review some of the existing works on the problem of characterizing time-dependent properties of sandpiles and try to explore if the BTW's original ambition has really been fulfilled. We discuss the exact hydrodynamic structure in a class of conserved stochastic sandpiles, undergoing a non-equilibrium absorbing phase transition. We illustrate how the hydrodynamic framework can be used to capture long-ranged spatio-temporal correlations in terms of large-scale transport and relaxation properties of the systems. We particularly emphasize certain interesting aspects of sandpiles—the transport instabilities, which emerge through the threshold-activated nature of the dynamics in the systems. We also point out some open issues at the end.
Adiposity Measurements and Metabolic Syndrome Are Linked Through Circulating Neuregulin 4 and Adipsin Levels in Obese Adults
Authors: Guo Dan , Liu Jianfang , Zhang Peizhen , Yang Xiaoyu , Liu Deying , Lin Jiayang , Wei Xueyun , Xu Bingyan , Huang Chensihan , Zhou Xuan , Teng Fei , Zhu Hong , Zhang Huijie
Published: May 2021

Background

Adiposity and adipokines are associated with metabolic disorders, but little is known regarding that whether adiposity measurements link metabolic syndrome (MetS) through circulating neuregulin 4 (Nrg4) and adipsin levels.

Materials and Methods

A total of 1212 subjects with a waist circumference greater than 90 cm for men or 80 cm for women were enrolled from a Chinese community. Circulating Nrg4 and adipsin levels were measured using commercial kits. Mediation analyses of circulating Nrg4 and adipsin were performed in the study using linear and logistic regression.

Results

Subjects with MetS had higher waist circumference, visceral fat level, and circulating adipsin level, and lower levels of circulating Nrg4 and muscle mass to visceral fat (MVF) ratio (all P < 0.05). In multivariable logistic regression analyses, after adjusting for confounding variables, per standard deviation (SD) increase in waist circumference and visceral fat level were significantly associated with increased odds of MetS [OR (95% CI), 1.42 (1.22–1.64); 2.20 (1.62–2.99); respectively]; and per SD reduction in MVF ratio was significantly associated with reduced odds of MetS [OR (95% CI), 0.65 (0.55–0.77)]. In the mediation analyses, both circulating Nrg4 and adipsin levels mediated the association between waist circumference (8.31% and 18.35%, respectively), visceral fat level (7.50% and 9.98%, respectively), and MVF ratio (5.80% and 9.86%, respectively) and MetS after adjustments.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that adiposity measurements and MetS are linked through circulating Nrg4 and adipsin levels in obese adults, suggesting that circulating Nrg4 and adipsin levels might be potential predictors for management of MetS.
Unraveling Root Development Through Single-Cell Omics and Reconstruction of Gene Regulatory Networks
Authors: Serrano-Ron Laura , Cabrera Javier , Perez-Garcia Pablo , Moreno-Risueno Miguel A.
Published: May 2021

Over the last decades, research on postembryonic root development has been facilitated by “omics” technologies. Among these technologies, microarrays first, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) later, have provided transcriptional information on the underlying molecular processes establishing the basis of System Biology studies in roots. Cell fate specification and development have been widely studied in the primary root, which involved the identification of many cell type transcriptomes and the reconstruction of gene regulatory networks (GRN). The study of lateral root (LR) development has not been an exception. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating cell fate specification during LR formation remain largely unexplored. Recently, single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) studies have addressed the specification of tissues from stem cells in the primary root. scRNA-seq studies are anticipated to be a useful approach to decipher cell fate specification and patterning during LR formation. In this review, we address the different scRNA-seq strategies used both in plants and animals and how we could take advantage of scRNA-seq to unravel new regulatory mechanisms and reconstruct GRN. In addition, we discuss how to integrate scRNA-seq results with previous RNA-seq datasets and GRN. We also address relevant findings obtained through single-cell based studies and how LR developmental studies could be facilitated by scRNA-seq approaches and subsequent GRN inference. The use of single-cell approaches to investigate LR formation could help to decipher fundamental biological mechanisms such as cell memory, synchronization, polarization, or pluripotency.
The Prevalence of Psychological Status During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Wei , Zhang Huijuan , Zhang Caidi , Luo Jinjing , Wang Hongyan , Wu Hui , Zhu Yikang , Cui Huiru , Wang Jijun , Li Hui , Zhu Zhuoying , Xu Yifeng , Li Chunbo
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 is creating panic among people around the world and is causing a huge public mental health crisis. Large numbers of observational studies focused on the prevalence of psychological problems during the COVID-19 pandemic were published. It is essential to conduct a meta-analysis of the prevalence of different psychological statuses to insight the psychological reactions of general population during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Sixty six observational studies about the psychological statuses of people during the COVID-19 were included, searching up to 1 December 2020. Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. OpenMeta[Analyst] was used for the data analysis. High prevalence of acute stress and fear symptoms were observed in the early period of the epidemic. Additionally, anxiety and depression symptoms continued at a high prevalence rate during the epidemic. It should alert the lasting mental health problems and the risk of post-traumatic stress disorder and other mental disorders.

Systematic Review Registration:PROSPERO CRD 42020171485.
RandseqR: An R Package for Describing Performance on the Random Number Generation Task
Authors: Oomens Wouter , Maes Joseph H. R. , Hasselman Fred , Egger Jos I. M.
Published: May 2021

The Random Number Generation (RNG) task has a long history in neuropsychology as an assessment procedure for executive functioning. In recent years, understanding of human (executive) behavior has gradually changed from reflecting a static to a dynamic process and this shift in thinking about behavior gives a new angle to interpret test results. However, this shift also asks for different methods to process random number sequences. The RNG task is suited for applying non-linear methods needed to uncover the underlying dynamics of random number generation. In the current article we present RandseqR: an R-package that combines the calculation of classic randomization measures and Recurrence Quantification Analysis. RandseqR is an easy to use, flexible and fast way to process random number sequences and readies the RNG task for current scientific and clinical use.
Good Deeds Could Come From Frustrated Individuals
Authors: Peng Yibo , Tang Jinghua , Li Hanzhou
Published: May 2021

Frustration is often seen as negative, but as to whether it may have a positive impact on the individual is still undecided. This research was conducted to explore the influence of frustration on altruistic tendency and altruistic level in college students (17–21 years old). By presenting a highly difficult task combined with negative feedback, we effectively induced frustration in Experiment 1 (n = 70). By assessing the donation behavior of participants (n = 54) in a real-life scenario following the experimental manipulation of frustration, we examined the relationship between frustration and altruism in Experiment 2. Results showed that frustrating situations could, on some level, improve altruistic behavior [t(8.834) = 3.013, p = 0.015]. More specifically, among participants who donated, the amount donated was higher in the frustration group compared to the control (fulfillment) group; the proportion of people who donated did not differ by group.
School Climate, Moral Disengagement and, Empathy as Predictors of Bullying in Adolescents
Authors: Montero-Carretero Carlos , Pastor Diego , Santos-Rosa Francisco Javier , Cervelló Eduardo
Published: May 2021

Our work aimed to study the relationships between different dimensions of school climate, moral disengagement, empathy, and bullying behaviors (perpetration and victimization). The study sample consisted of 629 students (304 boys and 325 girls) aged 12–14 years (M= 12.55,SD= 0.67). Results showed how different dimensions of school climate predicted moral disengagement, empathy, and victimization, and these, in turn, predicted bullying perpetration. The results show the need to generate favorable educational environments to reduce the levels of moral disengagement and victimization and to increase empathy in students as a strategy to prevent negative consequences related to bullying.
Polysomnographic Predictors of Treatment Response to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Participants With Co-morbid Insomnia and Sleep Apnea: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Sweetman Alexander , Lechat Bastien , Catcheside Peter G. , Smith Simon , Antic Nick A. , O’Grady Amanda , Dunn Nicola , McEvoy R. Doug , Lack Leon
Published: May 2021

Objective

Co-morbid insomnia and sleep apnea (COMISA) is a common and debilitating condition that is more difficult to treat compared to insomnia or sleep apnea-alone. Emerging evidence suggests that cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBTi) is effective in patients with COMISA, however, those with more severe sleep apnea and evidence of greater objective sleep disturbance may be less responsive to CBTi. Polysomnographic sleep study data has been used to predict treatment response to CBTi in patients with insomnia-alone, but not in patients with COMISA. We used randomized controlled trial data to investigate polysomnographic predictors of insomnia improvement following CBTi, versus control in participants with COMISA.

Methods

One hundred and forty five participants with insomnia (ICSD-3) and sleep apnea [apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15] were randomized to CBTi (n = 72) or no-treatment control (n = 73). Mixed models were used to investigate the effect of pre-treatment AHI, sleep duration, and other traditional (AASM sleep macrostructure), and novel [quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG)] polysomnographic predictors of between-group changes in Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) scores from pre-treatment to post-treatment.

Results

Compared to control, CBTi was associated with greater ISI improvement among participants with; higher AHI (interaction p = 0.011), less wake after sleep onset (interaction p = 0.045), and less N3 sleep (interaction p = 0.005). No quantitative electroencephalographic, or other traditional polysomnographic variables predicted between-group ISI change (all p > 0.09).

Discussion

Among participants with COMISA, higher OSA severity predicted a greater treatment-response to CBTi, versus control. People with COMISA should be treated with CBTi, which is effective even in the presence of severe OSA and objective sleep disturbance.
Psychiatric Commitment: Sixty Years Under the Scrutiny of the European Court of Human Rights
Authors: Niveau Gérard , Jantzi Camille , Godet Tony
Published: May 2021

Background and Aims:In the field of mental health, the fundamental right to liberty is a point of tension between the practice of psychiatric commitment on the one hand and the universal concept of human rights on the other. The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is a very specific means of safeguarding human rights because it allows an individual to not only assert their rights but also compel a state to bring its legislation into conformity with the principles of the European Convention on Human Rights. The aim of this study was to gather the case-law of the ECtHR on psychiatric commitment over the last 60 years and to determine how this case-law has affected national legislation and therefore psychiatric practice.

Methods:Jurisprudence data were collected from the HUDOC ECtHR database, and the direct effects of the ECtHR judgements on the legislations of the countries concerned were collected from the HUDOC EXEC database of the Council of Europe. The case-law of the Court included 118 judgements and 56 decisions and concerned 31 of the 45 countries that have ratified the Convention.

Results:This study therefore showed a direct effect of the Court's case-law on the legislation on psychiatric commitment in the various countries that have ratified the Convention. It was also possible to detect an indirect effect of this case-law through the directives of international institutions such as the directives of the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe concerning respect for people with mental disorders.

Conclusions:The ECtHR case-law therefore has a major influence on the psychiatric practice in all Council of Europe countries.
Substance Misuse Trajectories and Risk of Relapse in the Early Course of Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Lagerberg Trine Vik , Icick Romain , Aminoff Sofie Ragnhild , Nerhus Mari , Barrett Elizabeth Ann , Bjella Thomas Doug , Olsen Stine Holmstul , Høegh Margrethe Collier , Melle Ingrid
Published: May 2021

Substance misuse is highly prevalent in bipolar disorder even in the early illness phases. However, the trajectories of misuse of different substances after treatment initiation is not well-studied. Also, knowledge on how substance misuse trajectories influence the early course of bipolar disorder is limited. We recruited 220 individuals in first treatment of bipolar disorder of which 112 participated in a 1-year follow-up study at the NORMENT center in Oslo, Norway. Misuse was defined as having scores above cut-off for harmful use on the Alcohol or Drug Use Disorders Identification Tests (AUDIT or DUDIT). We investigated rates of stopping and continuing misuse of alcohol, cannabis and other illicit substances and daily nicotine use over the follow-up period, and whether such misuse trajectories predicted the risk for affective relapse. The prevalence of cannabis misuse was reduced from 29 to 15% and alcohol misuse was reduced from 39 to 21% during follow-up. Continuing alcohol misuse significantly and independently predicted affective relapse, whereas there was no difference in relapse risk between individuals stopping alcohol misuse and never misusing alcohol. Cannabis misuse trajectories did not significantly predict relapse risk although we cannot exclude interactions with alcohol misuse. In conclusion, substance misuse decreased in the early phase of bipolar disorder treatment but should be further reduced with interventions specifically addressing substance misuse. Stopping alcohol misuse is likely to yield substantial benefit on the clinical course of bipolar disorder.
Does Economic Policy Uncertainty Matter for Healthcare Expenditure in China? A Spatial Econometric Analysis
Authors: Bai Pu , Tang Yixuan , Zhang Weike , Zeng Ming
Published: May 2021

A growing body of research has documented the determinants of healthcare expenditure, but no known empirical research has focused on investigating the spatial effects between economic policy uncertainty (EPU) and healthcare expenditure. This study aims to explore the spatial effects of EPU on healthcare expenditure using the panel data of 29 regions in China from 2007 to 2017. Our findings show that healthcare expenditure in China has the characteristics of spatial clustering and spatial spillover effects. Our study also shows that EPU has positive spatial spillover effects on healthcare expenditure in China; that is, EPU affects not only local healthcare expenditure but also that in other geographically close or economically connected regions. Our study further indicates that the spatial spillover effects of EPU on healthcare expenditure only exist in the eastern area. The findings of this research provide some key implications for policymakers in emerging markets.
Thionitroxyl Radical (H2NS) Isomers: Structures, Vibrational Spectroscopy, Electronic States and Photochemistry
Authors: Jarraya Mahmoud , Ben Yaghlane Saida , Feifel Raimund , Linguerri Roberto , Hochlaf Majdi
Published: May 2021

The thionitroxyl radical (H2NS) isomers are characterized using advanced ab initio methodologies. Computations are done using standard and explicitly correlated coupled cluster, CASSCF and MRCI approaches in conjunction with large basis sets, extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit. The lowest electronic states of different isomers are mapped along the stretching coordinates, thereby confirming the existence of the four already known ground state structures, namely H2NS, H2SN, cis-HNSH and trans-HNSH. Also, it is shown that only the lowest electronic excited states are stable, whereas the upper electronic states may undergo unimolecular decomposition processes forming H + HNS/HSN or the HN + SH or N + H2S or S + NH2 fragments. These data allow an assignment of the deep blue glow observed after reactions between “active nitrogen” and H2S at the beginning of the XXth century. For stable species, a set of accurate structural and spectroscopic parameters are provided. Since small nitrogen-sulfur molecular species are of astrophysical relevance, this work may help for identifying the thionitroxyl radical isomers in astrophysical media and in the laboratory.
The Importance of Culture Change Associated With Novel Surgical Approaches and Innovation: Does Perioperative Care Transcend Technical Considerations for Pulmonary Lobectomy?
Authors: Freystaetter Kathrin , Waterhouse Benjamin R. , Chilvers Nicholas , Trevis Jason , Ferguson Jonathan , Paul Ian , Dunning Joel
Published: May 2021

Robotic thoracic surgery for pulmonary lobectomy was introduced at our unit in 2015, along with enhanced perioperative patient care pathways. We evaluated the effect of this practice change on short-term outcomes. Data on all adult patients who underwent a lobectomy in our unit between 2015 and 2019 were obtained retrospectively from our surgical database. Patients fell into three groups: conventional open surgery via thoracotomy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), and robot-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (RATS). Survival was defined as survival to discharge. Our cohort included 722 patients. Three hundred and ninety-two patients (54.3%) underwent an open operation, 259 patients (35.9%) underwent VATS surgery, and 71 patients (9.8%) underwent a robotic procedure. Comparing these surgical approaches, there was no statistically significant difference in the overall incidence of post-operative complications (p = 0.15) as well as the incidence of wound infections, arrhythmias, prolonged air leaks, respiratory failure, or ICU readmissions. Additionally, there was no statistically significant difference in survival to discharge (p = 0.66). However, patients who had a VATS procedure were less likely to develop a post-operative chest infection (p = 0.01). Evaluating our practice over time, we found a decrease in the overall incidence of post-operative complications (p = 0.01) with an improvement in survival to discharge (p = 0.02). In our experience, VATS lobectomy was associated with a lower incidence of post-operative chest infections. However, the limitations of our study must be considered; factors such as patient selection that may have had a substantial impact. The culture change associated with adoption of a VATS and robotic surgical programme appears to have corresponded with an improved survival to discharge for all lobectomy patients, irrespective of surgical approach. Perioperative care may therefore have a more significant impact on outcomes than technical considerations.
Thermal Volume Reduction Surgery for Surgical Treatment of Pulmonary Bullae: A Single-Center Treatment Experience of 276 Cases Accompany With Primary Lung Cancer
Authors: Lu Tianjian , Lu Weiping
Published: May 2021

Objective: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has been regarded as an effective surgical procedure for severe emphysema (including pulmonary bullae). However, there still remain controversial that its applications limited that only patients with a specific clinical situation may benefit from LVRS, and so did other non-surgical treatments. The current study aims to introduce some initial experience of new technique for treating pulmonary bullae, including using thermal surgical instruments to reduce enlargement of lung tissue in a specific group that diagnosed with lung cancer accompany with pulmonary bullae.

Methods: This retrospective study included 276 patients undergoing emphysema reducing surgery between 2010 and 2020. All procedure were performed by thermal volume reduction surgery of using thermal surgical instruments to reduce pulmonary bullae.

Results: The average time required for operating single pulmonary bullae was <10 min. Median operative time was 106 min (range 85 to 191 min). No intraoperative air leak, massive blood loss, or other severe complications occurred. The estimated blood loss for TVRS was about 40 ml (range 15 to 120 ml). Postoperative complications included atelectasis (n = 8), pulmonary infection (n = 17), bleeding (n = 5), delayed air leak (n = 7) among the cohort. The postoperative lung function at 1-year post surgery in TVRS group recovered faster with a better recovery that achieving an FEV1 of 1.95 ± 0.46 L, TLC of 6.36 ± 0.79 L, RV of 3.56 ± 0.81 L, PO2 of 60 ± 8 mmHg, PCO2 of 37 ± 6 mmHg, and 6 MWD (6-min walk distant) of 305 ± 22 m. The 1-year QOL score was elevated comparing with preoperative period.

Conclusion: This single-center study reported a new thermal-based surgical approach to treat pulmonary bullae by reducing abnormally enlarged lung tissue in specific patients diagnosed with lung cancer accompany with pulmonary bullae.
Pathologic Complete Response Rates After Neoadjuvant Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab with Chemotherapy in Early Stage HER2-Positive Breast Cancer - Increasing Rates of Breast Conserving Surgery: A Real-World Experience
Authors: Boér Katalin , Kahán Zsuzsanna , Landherr László , Csőszi Tibor , Máhr Károly , Ruzsa Ágnes , Horváth Zsolt , Budai Barna , Rubovszky Gábor
Published: May 2021

Purpose: The neoadjuvant use of pertuzumab and trastuzumab with chemotherapy improves the pathologic complete response (pCR) in early HER2+ breast cancer. The aim of this study was to determine the pCR rate obtained with dual HER2 blockade in routine clinical practice. The secondary and tertiary objective was to investigate the impact of neoadjuvant systemic therapy (NST) on performing breast-conserving surgery and survival data.

Methods: This was a multicentre, retrospective, observational study in patients with stage II and III HER2+ early breast cancer who received pertuzumab and trastuzumab-based NST. Data were collected from patients’ medical records.

Results: Eighty-two patients were included in the study treated in 8 cancer centers in Hungary between March 2015 and January 2020. The study included women with a median age of 50.3 years. The majority of the patients (95%) received a sequence of anthracycline-based chemotherapy followed by docetaxel. pCR was achieved in 54% of the cases. As a result of NST a significant increase of conservative breast surgeries (33% vs. 3.6% planned, p = 0.0001) was observed. Ki67 expression and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) significantly predicted pCR. None of the variables were independent predictors of DFS.

Conclusion: The pCR rate achieved in our study demonstrates the reproducibility of trial data in a real-world population. The rate of breast-conserving surgery was significantly increased.
Role of the prescriber in supporting patients to discontinue benzodiazepines: a qualitative study
Authors: Oldenhof Erin , Mason Timothy , Anderson-Wurf Jane , Staiger Petra K
Published: May 2021

Background

Given the prevalence of long-term benzodiazepine (BZD) prescribing, increased monitoring through the implementation of prescription monitoring programmes (PMPs) may be the necessary impetus to promote BZD deprescribing. Despite evidence promoting the importance of patient-centred care, GPs have not been sufficiently supported to implement these principles through current deprescribing practice.

Aim

To investigate patients’ perception of their prescriber’s influence on ceasing BZD use, including their willingness to take their advice, and to understand how a patient’s stage of change influences the barriers and facilitators they perceive to discontinuing BZDs.

Design and setting

An online survey and qualitative interviews with 22 long-term users of BZD (≥6 months), aged 18–69 years, recruited from the general population in Victoria, Australia.

Method

Two groups of users of BZD participated, one in the process of reducing their BZD and one not reducing, and were categorised according to their stage of change. Data underwent thematic analysis to identify barriers and facilitators to reducing BZDs both at the patient level and the prescriber level.

Results

BZD patients’ perceptions of the prescriber influence were characterised by prescribing behaviours, treatment approach, and attitude. Barriers and facilitators to reducing their BZD were mapped against their stage of change. Irrespective of their stage of change, participants reported they would be willing to try reducing their BZD if they trusted their prescriber.

Conclusion

This study illustrates that, with a few key strategies at each step of the deprescribing conversation, GPs are well positioned to tackle the issue of long-term BZD use in a manner that is patient centred.
Navigating possible endometriosis in primary care: a qualitative study of GP perspectives
Authors: Dixon Sharon , McNiven Abigail , Talbot Amelia , Hinton Lisa
Published: May 2021

Background

Endometriosis affects approximately 6–10% of women, with well documented delays between initial presentation with symptoms and diagnosis. In England, women typically seek help first in primary care, making this setting pivotal in women’s pathways to diagnosis and treatment. English GP perspectives on managing possible endometriosis have not been previously reported.

Aim

To explore what GPs identify as important considerations when caring for women with symptoms that raise the possibility of endometriosis.

Design and setting

Qualitative study in English primary care.

Method

Semi-structured scenario-based telephone interviews with 42 GPs from April 2019 to January 2020, based around a fictional scenario of a woman presenting to primary care with symptoms suggesting possible endometriosis. Interviews were thematically coded and analysed.

Results

Managing possible endometriosis in primary care brings challenges. While knowledge and awareness were prerequisites for considering endometriosis, other important considerations were raised. Symptoms suggestive of endometriosis are non-specific, making endometriosis one possible consideration of many. GPs move through a diagnostic hierarchy to exclude sinister causes and utilise trials of treatment as both therapeutic interventions and diagnostic tools; processes which take time. An endometriosis label or diagnosis has advantages and risks. GPs reported sharing decisions about investigation and referral while holding women’s priorities as pivotal. These conversations were underpinned by their knowledge of uncertainties and unknowns, including the wide spectrum and unpredictability of endometriosis.

Conclusion

GPs considerations are more complex than simply lacking awareness. The unknowns surrounding endometriosis matter to GPs. Further research and tailored resources for primary care, where women present with undifferentiated symptoms, are needed.
LEGAL ASPECT OF FOREST FIRE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Makarao Mohammad Taufik , Hafizha Firly Fatharani
Published: May 2021

This study to examine legal aspect, why always happen and impact of forest fire in Indonesia. The conclusion are, even though there is a forestry law as regulated in Law No. 41/1999 on Forestry, as amended by Law Number 19/2004, forest fires have been repeated several large scale since the early 1980s until now. The case of Indonesia which was experiencing forest fires is a manifestation of unclear and poorly enforced policies, economic forces that push business to use fire to clear land, lack of technological alternatives, poor public participation and aggravated  by climatic condition such as the extended drought. Although many policies have already been formulated and special management agencies have been established, policies implementation remain weak, coordination is poor and the current system is inefficient. Added to these factors, is the reality that government official’s business leader and general public lack a sense of urgency about the fires. Fires can impede national economic performance and increase poverty at the local level. It is mostly that disaster until now will repeat/recur unless definitive steps are taken to encourage short term and long term prevention strategies. Fires cause tremendous ecological  impacts such as air quality, hydrological cycle, biological diversity, natural succession, disruption of the production and decomposition of organic materials, soil, disruption in the nutrient cycle, climate regulation and carbon sink; social impact such as food security, impact on health such as death, asthma, ARI, and impact on economic such as, agriculture, forestry, health, transmigration, transportation and tourism.
SITUATION OF FOOD SECURITY AT TAM GIANG LAGOON, THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
Authors: Hoang Thi Bach Yen , Ho Thi Thanh Tam , Tran Thi Tao , Bui Thi Phuong Anh , Vo Van Minh Quan
Published: May 2021

Background: In Vietnam, food security is relatively ensured, however, population growth, shrinking agricultural land and the impact of climate change in the future has affected, national food security. Tam Giang - Cau Hai lagoon system has complex geographic position, the lagoon is frequently affected by climate change through extreme weather events such as floods, storms, landslides, sea level rise, etc… These are the risk factors which push people into the cycle of food insecurity.

Objectives: To understand food security situation at Tam Giang lagoon and some related factors.

Methodology: A cross-sectional study was implemented on 441 households which have permanent residence at Tam Giang lagoon. Assessment of household food insecurity based on 9 questions from HFIAS questionnaires. Anthropometric indicators including weight and height were measured to evaluate nutritional situation of elderly and children who were living in the research households. Questionaire was used for direct interviewing to figure out some factors which was related to food insecurity.

Results: The prevalence of household food insecurity over the past 4 weeeks and 12 months were 45.4% and 51.5%, respectively. Economical status and being in dept were two factors that related to food insecurity (p<0.05).

Conclusion: Food security is an ominous issue. Fundamental solutions should be given to mitigate it’s consequences.

Key words: food security, lagoon, household
EVALUATION OF OUTCOMES OF THE COMMUNITY-BASED INTERVENTION IN STROKE RISK REDUCTION IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
Authors: Doan Phuoc Thuoc , Nguyen Thi Huong , Nguyen Minh Tam , Le Chuyen , Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang , Le Duc Huy , Nguyen Thi Hong Nhi , Phan Thi Thuy Linh , Duong Thi Hong Lien
Published: May 2021

Background: Stroke, which has high mortality and disability rate, has been causing serious social and economic consequences. The results of study in 2018 in Thua Thien Hue province showed that stroke risk in next 10 years and the level of current stroke risk were quite high, and there were associate factors which can modify to prevent, reduce prevalence of high-risk prediction in next 10 years based on the community.

Objectives: To evaluate the intervention outcomes in reducing high-risk predictable rate of stroke in next 10 years based on community in Thua Thien Hue province.

Methodology: Controlled community intervention was conducted in two communes/wards including Tay Loc ward in Hue city and Quang Vinh commune in Quang Dien district, which represented the ecological regions with high-risk predictable level in next 10 years at high level, and two controlled communes/wards were Thuan Hoa ward and Quang Phu commune, respectively. The assessment was conducted after one year applying intervention methods among 800 participants aged 25-84 years in 4 control and intervention communes/wards.

Results: In the intervention group, the current high risk of stroke level decreased from 12.0% to 4.7%. The forecast prevalence of high and very high stroke risk in the next ten years decreased from 10.2% to 6.2%, and the forecast rate of average 10-year risk decreased from 5.24 ± 6.76 (0-41.5) to 4.36 ± 5.02 (0-26.6). The figures in the control group did not change. The effective index indicated that the intervention was highly effective.

Conclusion: The intervention reduced the prevalence of high and very high stroke risk levels in next ten years as well as the current high-risk level.

Key words: Intervention, community, risk, stroke, Thua Thien Hue
THE VALUATIONS OF COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN NON TRAUMATIC ACUTE ABDOMINAL PAIN AT HUE&NBSP;UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL
Authors: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Ty , Nguyen Thi Thanh Nhi , Ton Nu Hong Hanh , Ton That Nam Anh , Tran Minh Chau , Tran Thanh Tuan
Published: May 2021

Background: Acute abdominal pain (AAB) accounts for 4-10% of hospitalizations at the emergency department. Diagnostic imagings, especially computed tomography (CT) plays an important role for etiological diagnosis and management, improve the accuracy from 71% to 93%. The increasing of indications and wide availability of the method increases ionizing radiation exposure.

Purposes: Emphasing the importance of CT for AAB and evaluating the diagnosed value of portal single phase CT which aims at reducing radiation exposure. Materials and methods: A study on 90 patients with non traumatic AAB admitted to Hue University of Pharmacy and Medicine Hospital from July 2019 to March 2020. The CT results were correlated with surgical or final diagnosis.

Results: Frequent diagnoses were acute appendicitis (20%), diverticulitis (17.8%), urinary stones (17.8%) and small or large bowel obstructions (14.4%). The sensitivity and specificity of multiphasic CT are 96.4% and 100%; the sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound and portal single phase CT combination are 97.6% and 100. The diagnostic match of the two protocols achieved a high value of 98.9%. DLP redution is 67%.

Conclusions: CT has a high sensitivity and specificity in AAP etiological diagnosic. Combination of ultrasound and portal single phase CT is useful in diagnosis some AAP cases.

Key words: computed tomography, non traumatic acute abdominal pain, single phase computed tomography, portal vein phase
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN BONE DENSITY AND SOME CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL FACTORS IN THE PATIENTS WITH DIALYSIS CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Minh , Vo Tam
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To investigate the correlation between bone density and osteoporosis with some clinical and subclinical factors in patients with dialysis chronic kidney patients.

Materials and Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study, include 163 patients with dialysis chronic kidney disease, from January 2017 to December 2018 at the Department of Haemodyalysis, District 2 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City.

Results: Bone density was negatively correlated with age at the lumbar spine (LS) (r = - 0.225), total hip (total H) (r = - 0.288), femoral neck (FN) (r = - 0.352); with urea at the total H (r = - 0.206), FN (r = - 0.194); with PTH at LS (r = - 0.266), total H (r = - 0.219), FN (r = - 0.168); with β2 Microglobulin at the LS (r = - 0.269). Bone density was positively correlated with glomerular filtration rate at the LS (r = 0.200), FN (r = 0.179); with vitamin D at the LS (r = 0.218) and total H (r = 0.179). Multivariate regression analysis of the risk of decreased bone density at the FN has 2 factors: age (OR = 1.117), PTH (OR = 1.001); at the LS, there are 3 factors: gender (OR = 4.572), PTH (OR=4.078), age (OR = 1.045); at the total H, there are 2 factors: PTH (OR = 3.683), age (OR = 1.117). Osteoporosis in all 3 positions was related to sex (p < 0.05) and age group (p < 0.01). Osteoporosis was associated with PTH, Phosphorus, Aluminum disorders at the FN (p < 0.05), with PTH at the LS (p < 0.05), with PTH, calcium at the total H (p < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis of the risk of osteoporosis has 3 factors: age (OR = 4.058), PTH (OR = 2.967), female (OR = 2.841).

Conclusion: Bone density, osteoporosis is correlated, associated with common factors and factors associated with bone mineral disorders in patients with dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD - MBD).

Key words: End-stage chronic kidney disease, dialysis, bone density
LASER 532-NM ND:YAG PICOSECOND IN TREATMENT OF SOLAR LENTIGO AND EPHELIDES
Authors: Bui Manh Ha , Le Thai Van Thanh
Published: May 2021

Aims: To evaluate the efficacy, side effects of laser 532-nm Nd:YAG picosecond in treating solar lentigo and ephelides at HCMC hospital of dermato-venereology. Objectives and Method: Prospective - descriptive study. There were 43 patients dealing with solar lentigo and ephelides treated with laser 532-nm Nd:YAG picosecond. Each patient went through 3 treatments with one month interval, three months follow up for delayed side effects and recurrent. Evaluating the treatment by MI, VLCS, self-patient evaluation with 5 grades scale. Evaluating side effects of the treatment by 5 grade Wong-Baker scale. Collected data were analysed with SPSS.20.0. Results: Based on MI at the end of the study, the effectiveness of the treatment gained 81.4% good, 16.3% average and 2.3% bad. Self-patient evaluation revealed 76.7% good, 20.9% average and 2.3% bad. VLCS of post-treatment reduced 7.44 ± 2.14 unit compares with of pre-treatment. Recently after treatment, 100% patients had erythema and mild pain in 5 grade Wong-Baker scale, 20.9% had mild edema, 2.3% had post imflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). Two ephelides cases recurred 3 months after treatment (4.6%). Conclusions: Laser 523-nm Nd:YAG picosecond has high efficacy and less side effects in treating solar lentigo and ephelides.
Key words: solar lentigo, ephelides, laser 532-nm Nd:YAG picosecond
SERUM THYROGLOBULIN AND ANTI THYROGLOBULIN LEVELS IN PATIENTS WITH THYROID NODULES
Authors: Nguyen Trung Hung , Nguyen Hai Thuy , Nguyen Phuoc Bao Quan
Published: May 2021

Objectives: To compare the levels and pathological values of serum Tg and TgAb between the patients with benign and malignant thyroid nodules and evaluate the relationship between serum Tg and TgAb levels with the rim characteristic and elasticity score of the nodule by thyroid elasto-echography. Subjects: 30 patients with thyroid nodules, Serum Tg and TgAb levels and thyroid elasto-echography are examen before operation. Results: The ratio of the positive Tg level of malignant thyroid nodules was higher than the benign thyroid nodules (16.7% vs 8.3%) but the serum Tg level was not significantly different (33.48 ± 38.67 ng/ml vs 27.32 ± 28.44 ng/ml, p > 0.05) and The ratio of positive TgAb level of malignant thyroid nodules was higher than that of benign thyroid nodules (22.2% vs 0%) but serum TgAb level was not different (64.15 ± 14.91 UI/ml vs 16.9 ± 14.48 UI/ml, p > 0.05). The combination of the ratio of positive Tg and positive TgAb level did not show any difference in the ratio of pathological value between benign and malignant thyroid nodules (5.6% vs 0%). Serum Tg levels in patients with irregular rim thyroid nodules were higher than those in patients with regular rim thyroid nodules but the serum Tg level was not different when evaluated with the elastic score. Conclusions: The mean level and ratio of the pathological value of serum Tg and TgAb did not differ between malignant and benign thyroid nodules. There is a relationship between serum Tg level and irregular rim characteristic of thyroid nodule (p < 0.05).
Key words: serum thyroglobulin level, serum anti thyroglobulin level, thyroid nodule.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVE TREATMENT OF CUTANEOUS WARTS BY ELECTROSURGERY
Authors: Mai Ba Hoang Anh , Nguyen Duy Duan , Mai Thi Cam Cat , Le Thi Thuy Nga , Nguyen Thi Thanh Phuong , Le Thi Cao Nguyen , Nguyen Thi Tra My , Tran Ngoc Khanh Nam
Published: May 2021

Background: Cutaneous wart is a common disease caused by the infection of Human Papillomavirus, this disease has diverse clinical characteristics and many different treatments. We conducted this study to evaluate the clinical features and the efficacy electrosurgery treatment. Methods: A total 75 patients was diagnosed with cutaneous wart and treated by electrosurgery method at Dermatology Clinic of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. Results: The age has a wide distribution. The female/male ratio was nearly egal. Most patients had a single lesion. Plantar wart was predominate with 63.3%. After the procedure, 90.8% of patients had mild and moderate pain. The rate of post-operative bleeding was high 85.3%. In the first week, the dried wound was 64.2%. The average healing time was about 4 weeks. The infection rate was 11%. Conclusion: The most common clinical form was plantar wart; electrosurgery had many advantages but some disadvantages in wound healing related to heat damage.
Keywords: cutaneous wart, electrosurgery, HPV.
ROLE OF DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING TECHNIQUES IN CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME
Authors: Vo Nhu Quynh , Nguyen Thanh Thao
Published: May 2021

Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common condition of peripheral nerve compression. Most carpal tunnel syndrome is primary, also known as idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome. Modern imaging techniques play an important role in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome as well as in assessing and predicting surgery outcome. Ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging are becoming important diagnostic techniques and should be widely indicated for patients with clinically suspected carpal tunnel syndrome.

Key words: Carpal tunnel syndrome
Terrestrial Orchid Diversity in Sharavati River Valley of Shimoga District Karnataka (India)
Authors: Hegde Soumya Mahabaleshwara , K Krishnaswamy
Published: May 2021

Sharavati is a river which originates and flows entirely within the state of Karnataka in India. Sharavati river valley is the one of the most beautiful valley in the Western Ghats. Extensive field surveys during 2018-2020, revealed the occurrence of 25 species of orchids under 13 genera in river basin region in Shimoga district. Habenaria with 9 species is the largest genus in the river basin region, followed byNervilia with 3 species;Malaxis, Peristylus are 2 species each and the remaining genera by a single species each. The habit, distribution, phenology and population status of terrestrial orchid species is presented in this paper. Efforts have also been initiated for their conservation at Sharavati river valley region in Shimoga district Karnataka.
ER Stress Signaling and its Role in Cancer Cell Death
Authors: C V Kavitha , S K Poornima
Published: May 2021

The endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress response represents a cellular process that is provoked by a number of circumstances that disturb folding of proteins in the ER. An evolutionarily conserved adaptive mechanismhas been developed by Eukaryotic cells, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR) to clear the unfolded proteins and restore ER homeostasis. The cellular functions deteriorate, in the conditions when ER stress cannot be reversed and this sometime lead to cell death.The poor vascularization, low oxygen supply, nutrient deprivation, and acidic pH in the tumor microenvironment stimulate the ER stress. UPR has been shown to exert a significantcytoprotective part in speedily growing cancers as it helps folding of newly synthesized proteins required for the growth of the tumor.Accumulating evidence showed that ER stress-induced cellular dysfunction and cell death are the major contributors to many diseases and making the modulators of ER stress pathways potentially attractive targets for therapeutics discovery. Herein, we will briefly summarize gesticulating cascade activated upon ER stress and its role in cancer cell death.
A Reflection on The Importance of Entrepreneurship in Tourism Development
Authors: M B Kavya
Published: May 2021

Tourism is significantly contributed to economic development and it is expected to promote tourism development. Tourism industry is not only influences the economic fabric in the society and also it touches the social and moral values. Tourism creates a large amount of employment opportunities for both skilled and unskilled, because it is a labour-intensive industry, which increases the foreign exchanges and local income. This industry play the vital role in the nation building and economic stability of the nation, so the entrepreneurship became a gift in tourism industry with the cause of environmentally preserved, economically beneficial and sustainable development for the localities and their development. Tourism entrepreneurship eliminates societal problems, but surge the fiscal growth and development of a country, resulting to rise in country’s GDP. Entrepreneurship in tourism related with all spheres of industry as tour operations, handicrafts, hotel industry and supplementary accommodation etc. Entrepreneurs in tourism industry are more concern with economically, socially and environmentally process in an ethical manner.Entrepreneurship is necessary for creation of new organization, construct new businesses. The tourism industry must be able to clearly understand the requirements of the process, tools and resources and also get opportunities to the entrepreneur. Tourism is part of entrepreneurship and promotion of the economic development. In this context the present study has undertaken to examine the role of Entrepreneurship in Tourism Development.
Problems of Industrialization Mysore -1914 -1918
Authors: M L Revanna
Published: May 2021

During the First World War period, despite the best efforts by the Government of Mysore it was difficult to start and run many industries which required large -scale import of machineries. The First World War had broken the regular commercial traffic between Europe, the Mediterranean and India. On the one hand, the state escaped from the reckless floatation of companies that characterized the boom that followed the war, but some capital was invested in shares in outside companies. However as far as the investment in the new industries was concerned, capital was certainly shy in Mysore during the warperiod1. This situation continued even in the early twenties. Even during 1921-22, business conditions continued to be unfavorable throughout the year. Heavy losses were sustained by per-sons engaged in the business of piece-goods, timber, hides and skins and to a certain extent in food grains.
Some Customary Obligations of Hoysala Period
Authors: K Prakash
Published: May 2021

The suffix vali which is common to all these terms means an obligations or duty. Vali is in fact identical with Telugu, padi and Sanskrit Pali.