bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear regression with many controls of limited explanatory power
Authors: Li Chenchuan (Mark) , Müller Ulrich K.
Published: April 2021

We consider inference about a scalar coefficient in a linear regression model. One previously considered approach to dealing with many controls imposes sparsity, that is, it is assumed known that nearly all control coefficients are (very nearly) zero. We instead impose a bound on the quadratic mean of the controls' effect on the dependent variable, which also has an interpretation as anR2‐type bound on the explanatory power of the controls. We develop a simple inference procedure that exploits this additional information in general heteroskedastic models. We study its asymptotic efficiency properties and compare it to a sparsity‐based approach in a Monte Carlo study. The method is illustrated in three empirical applications.
Making summer matter: The impact of youth employment on academic performance
Authors: Schwartz Amy Ellen , Leos-Urbel Jacob , McMurry Joel , Wiswall Matthew
Published: April 2021

This paper examines New York City's Summer Youth Employment Program (SYEP). SYEP provides jobs to youth ages 14–24, and due to high demand for summer jobs, allocates slots through a random lottery system. We match student‐level data from the SYEP program with educational records from the NYC Department of Education and use the random lottery to estimate the effects of SYEP participation on a number of academic outcomes, including test taking and performance. We find that SYEP participation has positive impacts on student academic outcomes, and these effects are particularly large for students who participate in SYEP multiple times.
The elephant in the room: first record of invasive gregarious species of serpulids (calcareous tube annelids) in Majorca (western Mediterranean)
Authors: Grosse Maël , Pérez Roberto , Juan-Amengual Mateo , Pons Joan , Capa María
Published: April 2021

Although there are several nuisance species of serpulids reported worldwide, the present study shows that some of them have been overlooked even in geographic areas that are considered well studied. We report for the first time in Majorca the invasive species Ficopomatus enigmaticus and the first records for the Balearic Islands of the also non-native species Hydroides dianthus, H. dirampha, H. elegans and H. nigra. The most abundant species were F. enigmaticus, found at higher densities in Portixol (with up to 280 ind. m–2), and H. elegans, found at highest densities in the port of Palma (with up to 270 ind. m–2). Species have been identified after morphological examination and corroborated by mitochondrial DNA sequence data: cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and cytochrome b (Cytb). Molecular data show that the same haplotypes have been found in distant and disjoint biogeographic areas worldwide, which is only explicable by unintentional translocation of specimens through vectors (i.e. ship hulls or ballast water). Species delimitation analyses support previous findings that species complexes are common in both Ficopomatus and Hydroides. In fact, only among the Majorcan samples were we able to detect three species of the F. enigmaticus species complex, two of the H. elegans species complex and two of the H. dianthus species complex. The genetic distances between members of the F. enigmaticus species complex are 8.7% to 16.7% in COI sequences. The species of Hydroides hold 5.4% to 47.6 % genetic divergence between species of the same complex.
Behaviour and body patterns of Octopus vulgaris facing a baited trap: first-capture assessment
Authors: Dominguez-Lopez Marta , Follana-Berná Guillermo , Arechavala-Lopez Pablo
Published: April 2021

This study highlights for the first time individual differences in ethology and vulnerability of Octopus vulgaris (i.e. body postures, movements and skin displays) facing passive baited traps. Common octopus exposed to a baited trap during three consecutive first-capture tests exhibited diverse behavioural and body pattern sequences resembling when the octopus searches for and hunts its wild prey. Overall, they first visually recognized new objects or potential preys and rapidly moved out of the den, exploring, grabbing and approaching the trap with the arms (chemotactile exploration), and capturing the bait with the arms and feeding on top over long periods inside the trap. Simultaneously, O. vulgaris displayed diverse skin textural and chromatic signs, the regular pattern being the most frequent and long-lasting, followed by broad mottle, passing cloud and dark patterns. All individuals (n=8) caught the bait at least once, although only five octopuses (62.5%) entered the trap in all three tests. In addition, high variability among individuals was observed regarding behaviour and body patterns during the first-capture tests, which might evidence different individual temperaments or life-history traits. Differences in behavioural responses at individual level might have population consequences due to fisheries-induced selection, although there is a high necessity to assess how behavioural traits might play an important role in life-history traits of this species harvested by small-scale trap fisheries.
A Rule-Based Quality Analytics System for the Global Wine Industry
Authors: Lee Carmen K. H. , Law Kris M. Y. , Ip Andrew W. H.
Published: April 2021

The global wine-making industry has faced challenges due to the increasing demands of consumers, particularly in emerging markets such as China, Brazil, India, and Russia. Controlling the quality during wine production is one of the key challenges faced by global winemakers to produce wine with appropriate sensorial properties tailored to specific markets. The wine production quality is constituted from a number of environmental factors such as climate, soil, and temperature, which affect the sensorial properties and the overall quality. This paper proposed a rule-based quality analytics system (RBQAS) to capture physicochemical data during wine production and to investigate the hidden patterns from the data for quality prediction. It consists of IoT for data capture on a real-time basis, followed by association rule mining to identify relationships between sensorial and physicochemical properties of wine.
Chemotherapy for Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Han Eung-Soo
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
The Effect of Antihistaminic Drug on Tuberculin Reaction
Authors: Han Eung Soo
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
Side-Reactions of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs
Authors: Hur In Mok , Min Deok Seong
Published: April 2021

No abstract available.
Psychosomatic Aspect of Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Liu Bang Hyun
Published: April 2021

The author briefly reviewed the Iiteratures on the pathogenesis and clinical symptoms of tuberculosis. From the psychosomatic medical aspect, in tuberculous infection, it is emphasized that the aggressor is not the only tuberculous bacillus but the patient himself e. g. “ self destructive Tendency", which can be expressed psychologically and physiologically. From the point of personality trait, obsessive compulsive personality is predominate among the tuberculous person. The author should emphasize that we have to treat not only the tubercolous esion but the total person who has “ Self-destructive-Tendency" e. g. hateness and aggressiveness. So psychotherapy is also emphasized.
The Simultaneous Use of Potassium Iodide and the Anti-tuberculosis Drugs in Lung Tuberculosis -A clinical report-
Authors: Lee Ze Kyu
Published: April 2021

In a group of patients with the chrornic fibroid pulmonary tuberculosis, potassium iodide in a dosage of 1 gm daily plus P. A. S and streptomycin or P. A. S and l.N. H. were given. Roentgenographic and bacteriologic results showed no significant improvement in these cases. Potassium iodide does not appear to have harmful effects, in the dosage used, on the course of this form of pulmonary tuberculosis.
Compound Research of Resistance in Chemotherapy (Part Ⅱ)
Authors: Choo Y. J. , Chung Hung Mo
Published: April 2021

In this report (part Ⅱ), it will be recognized again that the chemotherapy will not be only compound collection of results of the separate, but also be more useful clinically than the separate.Out of the Table 2. in the first report 24 strains were selected and tested on the 49 sorts of media as set out in the Table 1. in the first report. The results of these strains which were observed for seven weeks are as follows; Table 1. shows the ability of growth of resistant bacilli. There is no significant difference between the separate and compound method. But this lack of difference would be accounted for by highly resistant strains (over l00r) .Table 2. shows the state of growth of resistant bacilli and there are some significant differences between the separate and compound research. There are 11 similar result sand 12 cases of differing results between the two methods. It might be supposed that the compound research of resistance in chemotherapy is not only compound collection of the results of separate search, but also contains some useful factors in clinical use.
Survey to Determine what the Public Knows about Tuberculosis
Authors: Lee Keun Tae , Han Eung Soo
Published: April 2021

No abstract available
Can Sustainable Health Behaviour Contribute to Ensure Healthy Lives and Wellbeing for All at All Ages (Sdg 3)? A Viewpoint
Authors: Macassa Gloria
Published: April 2021

Sustainable health behaviours and, specifically, eating a sustainable diet and engaging in regular physical activity are healthpromoting behaviours that can simultaneously contribute to reduction of greenhouse gases which are known to contribute to climate change. Good health usually facilitates societal development, and development often promotes improved health. However, while good health may be a prerequisite for societal development, some behavioural determinants of health, such as attitudes towards the environment, and people's lifestyles and consumption patterns, can impede the sustainability of the development process in the longer term. This perspective paper argues that there is a need to rethink 21st century health promotion practices by pairing sustainability literacy with health promotion for changing dietary and physical activity behaviour patterns to improve population health and contribute to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 3 (to ensure healthy lives and promote wellbeing for all at all ages).
Getting to the heart of the matter: diagnostic tools and therapeutic approach to cardiac involvement in Behçet syndrome A Tunisian case series
Authors: Hammami A.S. , Jellazi M. , Arfa S. , Daada S. , Ben Hamda K. , Achour A. , Ouali S.
Published: April 2021

The aim was to investigate the frequency and spectrum of cardiac involvement (CI) in patients with Behçet syndrome (BS) in the Tunisian context, and to assess the clinical and imaging features, treatment, and outcomes. We retrospectively retrieved the medical records of patients with CI among 220 BS patients admitted to the hospital internal medicine department between February 2006 and April 2019, who fulfilled the International Study Group diagnostic criteria for BS. Ten patients (8 men, 2 women) were eligible for the study. Mean age was 37.3 years. Three patients had 2 isolated episodes of cardiac BS. The different types of CI were coronary artery disease (5/10), intracardiac thrombus (4/10), pericarditis (1/10), myocarditis (1/10), and myocardial fibrosis (1/10). Five patients had associated vascular involvement (50%). Medical treatment was based on corticosteroids and colchicine in all patients (100%), anticoagulants in 8 (80%), and cyclophosphamide followed by azathioprine in 9 (90%). The clinical course was favorable in 9 patients; 1 patient died. CI remains an important feature of BS because of its association with increased risk of mortality and morbidity. Therefore, early screening and detection with imaging methods are paramount. Also, better cooperation between rheumatologists and cardiologists could improve outcomes.
Newspaper reports of earthquakes collected by staff of the Dominion Observatory 1906-1953
Authors: Lamontagne M , Szadurski M
Published: April 2021

During the first half of the 20th century, seismologists of the Dominion Observatory in Ottawa collected earthquake reports mainly from English-language Ottawa newspapers but also from other printed sources. Over the years, these news reports were used to define
the felt effects and damage impacts of many moderate to strong eastern Canadian earthquakes including the 1925 M 6.2 Charlevoix; the 1929 M 7.2 Grand Banks; the 1935 M 6.1 Temiscaming and the 1944 M 5.6 Cornwall-Massena. In addition, Smith (1962; 1966) used these reports to help define the Canadian
earthquake catalogue for pre-1960 events. In addition to descriptions of Canadian events, many newspaper clippings describe some significant global earthquakes and report on seismological research and operations and on other earthquake-related topics such as the elusive methods of earthquake
prediction. Originally, these clippings were kept in four large scrapbooks. Over the years, the state of these scrapbooks deteriorated and the authors decided to scan their contents to preserve them for posterity. This Open File Report includes image scans of these
scrapbooks.
Integrated digital approach for prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases
Authors: Chauhan Gopal , Thakur Jarnail Singh
Published: April 2021

Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are on the rise globally. The proportional mortality by NCDs in India is 72% (including 12% due to injuries). Most of the NCDs share common risk factors. The approach of delivery for NCD related programs in India is vertical and fragmented. In order to address the rising burden of NCDs, the state of Himachal Pradesh in India has adopted a comprehensive approach known as Mukhyamantri Nirog Yojna by integrating all existing NCD-related vertical programs for the purpose of implementation, surveillance, and to ensure continuum of care from November 2018. The digital surveillance of all NCDs risk factors, cancers, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, blindness, deafness, mental illness, and stroke is ensured through E-Health card software. Till March 31, 2020, a total of 1.78 million (41.43% of the entire +18 population) individuals have been enrolled under the surveillance. More than 67% are at risk of developing NCDs. About 38% of all on risk have been screened for NCDs by the auxiliary nurse midwife, out of which 12.3% have high blood pressure, 6.2% have increased waist circumference, and 5.4% have increased blood sugar. About 73% of the screened positive has been diagnosed by the doctors for further management. The basic health services such as risk assessment, screening, diagnoses drugs, and follow-ups are available free to all through the public health system under this strategy. This approach is an efficient, cost-effective, and reliable strategy to address the common NCDs collectively and can be considered for upscaling in other states and low- and middle-income countries.
Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on severity and outcomes in COVID-19 patients
Authors: Aggarwal Ashutosh Nath , Agarwal Ritesh , Dhooria Sahajal , Prasad Kuruswamy Thurai , Sehgal Inderpaul Singh , Muthu Valliappan
Published: April 2021

We conducted this systematic review to evaluate whether comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) increases the risk of severe disease and adverse outcomes among patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). We queried the PubMed and Embase databases for studies indexed till December 2020. We included studies that provided data on severe disease, hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) care, need for mechanical ventilation, or mortality among COVID-19 patients with and without COPD. We calculated the relative risk (RR) for each reported outcome of interest from each study and used a random-effects model to summarize our data. We retrieved 997 citations and included 110 studies published in 2020, in our review. Most publications reported the data retrieved from electronic records of retrospective patient cohorts. Only 27 studies were judged to be of high quality. COPD patients with COVID-19 had a significantly higher risk of severe disease (summary RR 2.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.93–3.09), hospitalization (summary RR 1.91, 95% CI 1.70–2.14), ICU admission (summary RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.35–2.43), mechanical ventilation (summary RR 1.75, 95% CI 1.35–2.28), and mortality (summary RR 2.40, 95% CI 1.93–2.51), as compared to COVID-19 patients without COPD. All analyses showed significant between-study heterogeneity. We conclude that comorbid COPD significantly increases the risk of severe disease and adverse outcomes among COVID-19 patients.
Deglaciation of Penobscot Bay, Maine, USA
Authors: Wrobleski Emmy A. , Hooke Roger LeBaron
Published: April 2021

The Pond Ridge and Pineo Ridge moraines in downeast Maine likely formed at ~16.1 and ~15.7 ka respectively, during cold episodes recorded by δ18O dips in the GRIP ice core. The elapsed time between these ages is broadly consistent with retreat rates recorded by intervening De Geer moraines, which are readily visible on LiDAR imagery and are believed to be approximately annual. North-northwestward from the southwesterly extension of the Pond Ridge moraine there are three pairs of prominent moraines that are relatively continuous across the study area and could be reliably extrapolated across intervening water bodies. Retreat rates recorded by De Geer moraines suggest that these pairs formed at 15.7-15.8 ka, 15.5-15.6 ka, and ~15.5 ka. Although retreat appears to have occurred slightly faster across Penobscot Bay, a significant calving bay does not seem to have developed there. Instead, the ice margin remained relatively straight, retreating to the north-northwest. De Geer moraines become more widely spaced northward and vanish after ~15.5 ka when the ice margin was north of the head of Penobscot Bay and of Pineo Ridge. This likely reflects higher retreat rates during the initial phases of the Bølling warm period. Just south of Pineo Ridge there were two ice lobes; one retreated to the north and one to the northwest. The latter retreated more rapidly, while the former experienced numerous minor readvances and stillstands until finally pausing at the location of Pineo Ridge. A stillstand of this lobe then resulted in deposition of the Pineo Ridge moraine complex.
Triassic palynoevents in the circum-Arctic region
Authors: Mangerud Gunn , Paterson Niall W. , Bujak Jonathan
Published: April 2021

Triassic successions of the present-day Arctic contain abundant and diverse assemblages of nonmarine palynomorphs that have provided important biostratigraphic information. Dinoflagellate cyst are biostratigraphically useful in marine intervals in the Upper Triassic. Based on published records, we present a compilation of 78 last occurrences (LOs), first occurrences (FOs), and some abundance events that are anticipated to have correlation potential in the Arctic region. Palynological work has been carried out in many Arctic areas, with extensive palynological research published on the Triassic successions of the Norwegian Barents Sea and Svalbard. An updated, recent palynological zonation scheme exists for that region, integrating previous schemes and illustrating the chronostratigraphic value of palynology in the Triassic. For the Lower and Middle Triassic, good ammonoid control ties the palynological zones to the chronostratigraphic scale. Independent control is sparse, and resolution is lower in the Upper Triassic, so that palynology is commonly the only biostratigraphic discipline available for chronostratigraphic dating and correlation.
Potential kernels for radial Dunkl Laplacians
Authors: Graczyk P. , Luks T. , Sawyer P.
Published: April 2021

We derive two-sided bounds for the Newton and Poisson kernels of the W-invariant Dunkl Laplacian in the geometric complex case when the multiplicity
$k(\alpha )=1$
i.e., for flat complex symmetric spaces. For the invariant Dunkl–Poisson kernel
$P^{W}(x,y)$
, the estimates are
$$ \begin{align*} P^{W}(x,y)\asymp \frac{P^{\mathbf{R}^{d}}(x,y)}{\prod_{\alpha> 0 \ }|x-\sigma_{\alpha} y|^{2k(\alpha)}}, \end{align*} $$
where the
$\alpha $
’s are the positive roots of a root system acting in
$\mathbf {R}^{d}$
, the
$\sigma _{\alpha }$
’s are the corresponding symmetries and
$P^{\mathbf {R}^{d}}$
is the classical Poisson kernel in
${\mathbf {R}^{d}}$
. Analogous bounds are proven for the Newton kernel when
$d\ge 3$
.

The same estimates are derived in the rank one direct product case
$\mathbb {Z}_{2}^{N}$
and conjectured for general W-invariant Dunkl processes.

As an application, we get a two-sided bound for the Poisson and Newton kernels of the classical Dyson Brownian motion and of the Brownian motions in any Weyl chamber.
Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Laboratory Specimens
Authors: Haddock Elaine , Feldmann Friederike , Shupert W. Lesley , Feldmann Heinz
Published: April 2021

The burden on diagnostic and research laboratories to provide reliable inactivation for biological specimens to allow for safe downstream processing is high during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We provide safety data regarding commonly used chemical and physical inactivation procedures that verify their effectiveness against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
Učenje na delovnem mestu v kontekstu visokošolskega praktičnega usposabljanja
Authors: Rok Marija
Published: April 2021

Učenje na delovnem mestu je učinkovit način uvajanja študentov terciarnih študijskih programov v delovno okolje, obenem pa preizkus uporabnosti teoretičnih znanj iz predavalnice. V članku se poglabljamo v učenje na delovnem mestu na primeru praktičnega usposabljanja študentov turizma v Sloveniji. V teoretičnem delu analiziramo strokovno terminologijo, definicije in različne opredelitve praktičnega usposabljanja ter opredelimo vlogo deležnikov v sistemu praktičnega usposabljanja. V empiričnem delu s primerjalnim presojanjem proučujemo značilnosti obstoječih sistemov praktičnega usposabljanja v kontekstu visokošolskih programov na področju turizma. Namen prispevka je razviti model praktičnega usposabljanja v turističnem sektorju z identifikacijo ključnih komponent v posameznih fazah izvajanja, formalnih podlag in izidov. V zaključku predlagamo izboljšave kakovosti sistemov praktičnega usposabljanja z bolj fokusiranimi pripravami deležnikov na prakso, izrabo raznolikih oblik izvajanja praktičnega usposabljanja, spremljanjem razvoja kompetenc študentov ter intenzivnejšo interakcijo med deležniki iz turističnega in izobraževalnega sektorja.
Making a Case for Ecofeminist Popular Education in Times of Covid-19
Authors: Walters Shirley , Kotze Astrid von
Published: April 2021

Ecofeminism offers a framework that brings together patriarchy, capitalism, and the degradation of the environment, and helps to make sense of and address a world in desperate need of radical transformation. The Covid-19 pandemic has magnified existing fault lines of inequality, poverty, gender-based violence, and turbulence in the biosphere. This paper uses an ecofeminist lens to critically investigate the case of a woman’s health course that employs a popular education approach. As imbedded activist researchers, we question how the curriculum should change so that the knowledge generated really becomes useful for transformative action. Thus, the paper brings together popular education theory and ecofeminism. After an overview of ecofeminist principles, we introduce a case study to apply these principles. We conclude that elements which relate to the participants’ lives in immediate ways, like food security and water, are entry points for challenging the perception of Nature as a “thing” rather than as a complex interrelated ecosystem. We argue that ecofeminist principles have widespread relevance for popular education and its transformative impulses beyond Covid-19.
Kaj transformirati? Izobraževanje odraslih, trajnostni razvoj in okoljska gibanja
Authors: Mikulec Borut
Published: April 2021

V tokratni tematski številki Andragoških spoznanj, ki zajema šest tematskih člankov, avtorice in avtorji razmišljajo o izzivih trajnostnega razvoja, okoljskega in trajnostnega izobraževanja, okoljskih gibanjih, transformaciji in izobraževanju odraslih z vidika različnih teoretskih perspektiv in metodoloških pristopov.
Oral health knowledge and practices of clinical medical and dental students in a North- Eastern Nigerian University
Authors: Janada Y , Ikhodaro I.P. , Ibiyemi O
Published: April 2021

Objective: Medical and dental students as future health care professionals should be aware of adequate oral health care. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the knowledge and practices of oral health of clinical medical and dental students in a North-Eastern Nigerian University.Methods: Cross sectional study involving 150 students, comprising 107 medical and 43 dental students. They were interviewed on knowledge of oral health care, oral health practices and psychosocial impact of oral health using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The students were further examined for dental caries and their oral hygiene status. The Student t-test was used to compare means while Chisquare test was used to test associations between categorical variables at p<0.05.Results: The mean ±SD age of the students was 24.5 , males constituted 61.3%. One hundred and twentysix (84.0%) students had good knowledge of oral health care. Forty-two (97.7%) of the dental students had good knowledge while 84 (78.5%) of the medical students had good knowledge (p=0.003). Twenty (46.5%) and 60(56.1%) of dental and medical students respectively had poor oral health practice (p=0.32). Mean ±SD psychosocial impact score was 1.26 ±2.06 and 1.53 ±2.34 for dental and medical students respectively (p=0.68). The prevalence of dental caries and poor oral hygiene was 15(34.9%) and 23(53.5%) for dental students. The corresponding value for medical students were 30(28.0%) and 51(47.6%).Conclusions: There was good knowledge of oral health care among these students. Dental students had better knowledge of oral health care than medical students. They also had better oral health care practices and lower psychosocial impact of oral health than medical students though not statistically significant. Overall, younger age group of students reported higher psychosocial impact of oral health care on daily activities than older ones.Keywords: Oral health, knowledge, behaviour, medical, dental, students, Nigeria
Attitude and perception of orthodontic patients to orthodontic treatment time and accelerated orthodontics.
Authors: Umeh O.D , Isiekwe I.G , DaCosta O.O , Sanu O.O , Utomi I.L , Izuka M
Published: April 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the a􀄴itude and perception of orthodontic patients to the duration of orthodontic treatment and the procedures for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study. The study population was made up of patients undergoing fixed appliance orthodontic treatment at the Orthodontic Unit of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital. A convenience sampling technique was used and data collection was via selfadministered questionnaires and an information sheet. The questionnaires assessed patients' knowledge of accelerated orthodontic procedures as well as their perception of orthodontic treatment time and willingness to undergo some accelerated orthodontic treatment procedures. The procedures evaluated included corticotomy, piezocision, micro-osteoperforation, laser therapy, local administration of injections and use of vibrations.Results: One hundred orthodontic patients (n=100, adolescents, 46%; adults, 54%) were surveyed comprising 36 males and 64 females. Most of the participants (88%) had never heard of accelerated orthodontics. A majority of respondents (75%) believed that orthodontic treatment time was too long, and were willing to undergo additional procedures to reduce treatment time (81%). Subjects' willingness to undergo the procedures were inversely proportional to the degree of its invasiveness for all groups, with at least a third of the patients willing to accept a 10% increase in treatment fees for a reduction in treatment time across all techniques surveyed.Conclusion: The orthodontic patients surveyed considered treatment time protracted and were interested in undergoing adjunctive orthodontic procedures to accelerate tooth movement, with a consequent increase in treatment cost. They, however, had a limited knowledge of the different methods of accelerating orthodontic treatment.

Key words: Accelerated orthodontics, orthodontic treatment time
Use of Mobile Phone Technology in Education for Easy Accessibility of Information: Challenges and Prospects
Authors: Obiadazie RE , Obijiofor VU
Published: April 2021

Information and communication technology has opened up such tremendous vistas for modern societies that any failure to master it would mean a life of permanent subordination. The evolution of Mobile phone makes it possible to work with distance learning, achieve a closer collaboration among teachers and students and also pave way for a new pedagogical approach where there is unparalleled ability to spread knowledge and disseminate information. This research adopted a survey design which sought information from respondents on the Use of Mobile phone Technology in Education for Easy Accessibility of Information. Three research questions guided the study. The population comprised five thousand, eight hundred secondary school graduate teachers in 265 public secondary schools in Anambra State. Disproportionate stratified-random sampling technique was adopted in selecting one thousand three hundred and sixty-five teachers for the study. A questionnaire entitled “Use of Mobile Phone Technology in Education” was developed by the researcher, validated by experts and used for data collection. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation Co-efficient was used to obtain a reliability coefficient of 0.84. Data were collected and analyzed using mean and standard deviation. The findings revealed services obtained from the use of mobile phone ineducation to include making and receiving of voice calls, sending and receiving SMS, browsing the wireless application protocol sites, taking photos and recording videos, receiving local AM/FM stations, sharing and receiving multimedia messages/calls, connection to the internet & WWW etc. Challenges include lack of skilled ICT personnel, related infrastructure, reliable source of power supply, technologist for routine repairs among others. Based on the findings, recommendations include among others that government should organize workshops, seminars, and conferences for stakeholder and teachers to be trained on the use of mobile phone in education, adopt ICT international standard in Nigerian educational curriculum and provide reliable source of power and relevant infrastructures in the schools.Key word: Mobile Phone, Technology, Education, Challenges & Prospects
Political Protest Songs and Actual Protest Values: Analysis of Fela’s “Sorrow, Tears & Blood” and Bob Marley’s “Stand up, Get up”
Authors: Eesuola OS
Published: April 2021

Political protest and songs have had inseparable relationship from time immemorial, but the Actual Protest Value of songs, that is, the exact aspects where songs exert their greatest influence in protest, are yet to attract high scholarly attention. This is what the current paper tries to locate through Fela Anikulapo Kuti's Sorrow, Tears and Blood and Bob Marley’s Stand up, Get up, using in-depth analysis of the songs' lyrics plus opinion survey of their listeners. Finding is that the actual protest values of the two songs are high in meditation upon protest problem and sustenance of ongoing protests, but very low in igniting protests on their own. Most people who listen to the two musicians' songs are mere fans of their music, not adherents of their lyrics. The analysis is used to explain the inability of Fela and Marley to ignite mass uprising in Africa through their many protest songs. The conclusion is that song is a weak trigger of protest, but it plays a very big role in sustaining resistance. Key words: Songs, Music, Protest, Actual Protest Value, Politics, Protest Songs.
Democratic ideals and the Nigerian state: what hope for the future
Authors: Ogan Tamunosiki V.
Published: April 2021

An analysis of the principles of democracy was carried out. The objective was to delineate the extent to which the Nigerian state is democratic and how its current democratic ideals could impact on its future existence as a state. The method adopted for the study was that of content analysis, which involved conceptual and historical analyses of textual data. It was discovered from historical data that the Nigerian state runs a system of government, which promotes internal colonialism of the minority groups by the major ones. This political imbalance was shown to create social and political tension, where the peripheral groups were hostile to the core regions. It was recommended in the study that if the Nigerian state is to subsist in the future, then it has to restructure its political institutions to promote true federalism as well as imbibe and practice standard democratic ideals.Keywords: Democratic ideal, Nigeria, Hope, Future
Most appropriate assessment methods in early childhood education and sustainable development: counselling implications
Authors: Adadu Paulinus M.A. , Ani Hannah Sunday , Okon Emilia Etim
Published: April 2021

The thrust of this paper is most appropriate assessment methods in Early Childhood Education and sustainable Development: Counselling Implications. It discussed the concepts: assessment, continuous assessment, objectives of continuous assessment, most appropriate continuous assessment methods, sustainability of continuous assessment, counselling implications and conclusion.
História do Ensino de Geometria e Formação de Professores: Algumas Reflexões
Authors: Silva Maria Célia Leme da
Published: April 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo elaborar um panorama das articulações de estudos da História da Educação Matemática e a Formação de professores que ensinam matemática, no cenário brasileiro atual, e relatar e tecer primeiras considerações e reflexões sobre o workshop “Ensino de geometria nos anos iniciais: conhecendo o passado, refletindo sobre o presente”, desenvolvido durante o XII Summer Workshop in Mathematics, e sobre outras oportunidades na modalidade remota. Como conclusões, indica-se a necessidade de parcerias entre pesquisadores dos dois campos de investigação – Formação de Professores que ensinam matemática e da História da Educação Matemática –, de modo a agregar e reunir resultados de pesquisas em prol de respostas mais eficazes para a formação e a atuação de professores que ensinam matemática.
Metodologia de Pesquisa em Educação Matemática: éticas e políticas na inserção de novos sujeitos, cenários e conhecimentos
Authors: Fernandes Filipe Santos , Garnica Antonio Vicente Marafioti
Published: April 2021

O artigo discute as abordagens qualitativas de pesquisa em Educação Matemática, defendendo protocolo(s) fundado(s) na experiência que contemple(m) necessariamente uma discussão de natureza ética e política com a intenção de permitir que novos sujeitos, novos cenários e novos conhecimentos sejam agregados às investigações desse campo científico. A pesquisa sobre formação de professores que ensinam/ensinaram Matemática no Brasil ocorre, no texto, como justificativa para a afirmação de que a pluralidade de fontes e a variedade e variação de protocolos devem operar como faces essenciais dessa proposta metodológica que o artigo defende.
Modélisation thermodynamique de combustion mono-zone de biodiesels dans un moteur diesel et estimation théorique des émissions potentielles
Authors:   Laboratoire de Physique et de Chimie de l’Environnement, Université Joseph KI-ZERBO, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, DABILGOU Téré , SANOGO Oumar , Zongo S. Augustin , Daho Tizane , Zeghmati Belkacem ,   Laboratoire de Mathématiques et Physiques, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Perpignan, France, KOULIDIATI Jean , BERE Antoine
Published: April 2021

Dans le présent travail, un modèle thermodynamique de combustion à zone unique pour le carburant diesel et le biodiesel a été mis en oeuvre pour prédire la pression du cylindre afin de mieux comprendre la combustion caractéristique des différents carburants testés dans un moteur diesel et d’analyser les performances caractéristiques d'un même moteur fonctionnant avec différents types de carburants. Il s’est agi également d’évaluer les émissions potentielles de ces carburants lors de leurs combustions dans le moteur diesel. L'évaluation du modèle est faite en fonction de la complexité temporelle, de la complexité spatiale et de la précision de la prédiction à l'aide du programme informatique développé sous MATLAB. Les résultats du présent modèle montrent que les évolutions de la pression du cylindre ainsi que la température du cylindre ont été reproduites avec une bonne précision. En outre, la comparaison entre les paramètres de performance simulés et expérimentaux du moteur a montré une bonne concordance. Les resultatas montrent également des réductions des émissions polluantes avec l’utilisation des carburants alternatifs comparés au diesel.
MEASURING JOB SATISFACTION LEVEL OF GOVERNMENT SECTOR EMPLOYEES: A CASE OF BUREAU OF STATISTICS, GOVERNMENT OF SINDH, PAKISTAN
Authors:   Institute of Business & Technology, Karachi., Jiskani Shah Nawaz
Published: April 2021

Bureau of Statistics, Planning & Development Department, Government of Sindh. Methodology/Sample- The Bureau was randomly selected amongst the non- Secretariat departments which mostly have grievances developed against the policies discriminating in favour of the Secretariat employees and in disfavor of the subsidiary departments and bureaus. The study was based on measurement of satisfaction of employee satisfaction against various facets of their job. A random sample of 40 out of 100 staff members (from BPS-5 to BPS-18) was selected for investigation. Using exploratory research approach, close-ended questionnaire was used with four-point Likert scale. Background conservation and chats were also held with the sample members especially where they needed clarification. Findings- These conservations provided a healthy insight to the authors into the matter. Job facets like job security, immediate supervisors behavior, recognition, interpersonal relations, workload, career growth and pay/compensation were the factors that the employees showed satisfaction with. Whereas working conditions, feelings of achievement and government policies turned out to be the dissatisfying factors. Practical Implications- Findings of the study are likely to offer guideline to other government departments in understanding the various job satisfaction facets in the government sector departments and taking measures in that regard.
EFFECTS OF RECOGNITION-BASED REWARDS ON EMPLOYEES' EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS
Authors:   Alkaram Towel Industries Pvt. Ltd., Khan Shazia
Published: April 2021

Purpose-The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy of recognition based rewards on employees' motivation to be efficient and effective on the job as compared to usual incentives particularly the monetary ones. The study is also aimed to identify the role of these rewards on employee retention as well as their long-term effectiveness within organization. Methodology-For the purpose of study a close ended questionnaire was used to infer the relation between supervisors' recognition (independent variable) and employees' performance, their desire to remain with the organization, and their long term effectiveness in within the organization etc. (dependent variables). Al-Karam Towel Industries (Pvt.) Ltd. Karachi was selected for the study whereat sample size of 100 employees was opted for. The effect of supervisory recognition on employees was examined using chi2 inferential test. Findings-Findings of the study showed significantly positive relationship between dependent and independent variables. Practical Implications-This research work is likely to help the organizations realize the worth of recognition as a motivating factor and may persuade them to shift their focus from financial incentives to recognition-based rewards. Findings of the study are also likely to add to the information to the managers that employees of all levels along the hierarchy are influences positively by supervisory recognition for their output and working contribution, and seniority of position is no more bar to it.
Differential X-ray diagnosis of pseudotuberculous scenario of pulmonary abscess with tuberculous cavities
Authors: Churylin R. Yu. , Voronzhev I. O. , Kolomiichenko Yu. A. , Коvalova О. О. , Syrota V. V.
Published: April 2021

Background. Recent decades in Ukraine have been characterized by a significant increase in the number of tuberculosis patients, often with forming cavities of destruction. X-ray diagnosis of lung cavitary lesions is one of the current issues of modern pulmonology and thoracic surgery. Pulmonary abscesses resemble other diseases with destruction and cavities substantiating the need for differential diagnosis with tuberculosis. Purpose – specifying particular scenarios of X-ray presentation of lung abscess and determining the capability of differential diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis with cavities of tuberculosis etiology. Materials and methods. The paper deals with the analysis of X-ray examination of thoracic viscera provided for 252 patients with lung abscess, aged 18 and up to 78. X-ray radiography in two projections, linear and computed tomography (56 patients involved) were performed. All patients underwent a study over time. Results. Almost in most lung abscess cases, there is a need for differential diagnosis with a range of medical entities. The obtained data have made it possible to suggest a classification of X-ray scenarios of lung abscess. The scenarios of X-ray presentation of acute pulmonary abscess are typical and atypical, among those: cystoid, pseudotuberculous, affected 38 patients (15 %), and pulmonary-pleural. The peculiarities of X-ray presentation of pseudotuberculous scenario along with the differences and signs allowing to make an accurate diagnosis have been specified. Conclusions. X-ray study remains an essential in diagnosing purulent-destructive diseases. Being familiar with the scenarios mentioned above and pseudotuberculous one, in particular, will make it possible to significantly improve diagnosis as well as differential diagnosis of pulmonary abscess.
Analysis for Scattering of Non-homogeneous Medium by Time Domain Volume Shooting and Bouncing Rays
Authors: Li Jun , Bao Huaguang , Ding Dazhi
Published: April 2021

In order to evaluate scattering from hypersonic vehicles covered with the plasma efficiently, time domain volume shooting and bouncing rays (TDVSBR) is first introduced in this paper. The new method is applied to solve the transient electromagnetic
scattering from complex targets, which combines with non-homogeneous dielectric and perfect electric conducting (PEC) bodies. To simplify the problem, objects are discretized into tetrahedrons with different electromagnetic parameters. Then the reflection and
transmission coefficients can be obtained by using theory of electromagnetic waves propagation in lossy medium. After that, we simulate the reflection and transmission of rays in different media. At last, the scattered fields or radiation are solved by the last
exiting ray from the target. Compared with frequency-domain methods, time-domain methods can obtain the wideband RCS efficiently. Several numerical results are given to demonstrate the high efficiency and accuracy of this proposed scheme.
A Low Complex Modified Grey Wolf Optimization Model for OFDM Peak Power Reduction
Authors: Suriavel Rao Radhakrishnan , Menaka Ramakrishnan , Alexciyaa Winslet Rajan
Published: April 2021

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) or multicarrier modulation is an essential signal processing technique in new generation wireless gadgets owing to its potential to support fast and spectrally efficient transmission. One of the major limitations of OFDM systems is the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of transmit data. In this article, a novel meta heuristic algorithm called modified grey wolf optimizer is used to boost the computing performance of subcarrier phase factor search in the undisputed partial transmit sequence method. The proposed modified grey wolf optimizer (mGWO) has a balancing between exploration and exploitation phases while searching for peak power carriers and brings out a nearly optimal performance but with less number of iterations. The objective is to propose low complex computing algorithm without compromising the output quality. The simulation results of proposed mGWO-PTS model assure improvements
around 20 to 25 percent from that of the comparative counterparts such as GWO-PTS, PSO-PTS, and etc.
A Broadband H-plane Printed Horn Antenna with Sandwich Substrate Structure for Millimeter-wave Applications
Authors: Tahseen Hafiz , Yang Lixia , Hongjin Wang
Published: April 2021

Antenna is a very important element and plays a key role in communication systems for radiating energy. Based on high data rate speed requirements and large volume multimedia applications, 3G, 4G and now 5G technologies have been introduced and implemented. This paper presents a low profile antenna with novel structure and large continuous bandwidth for 5G broadband and millimeter-wave wireless applications. It
is an H-plane printed horn antenna with multi-layered sandwich substrate. There are two Rogers (RO3003(tm)) substrates that make a sandwich structure with eight stainless steel columns. The proposed antenna is expected to give an impedance bandwidth 20-45 GHz with S11 <-10dB and 8.64dBi gain at 28 GHz design frequency. ANSYS 18.2 HFSS simulator is used for designing and optimization of the profile antenna. A comparison between simulated and measured results confirms the validity of the proposed design.
A Fully Connected Cluster with Minimal Transmission Power for IoT Using Electrostatic Discharge Algorithm
Authors: Alanezi Mohammed , Bouchekara Houssem , Javaid Muhammad , Shahriar Mohammad
Published: April 2021

In the emerging age of the Internet of Things (IoT), energy-efficient and reliable connection among sensor nodes gain prime importance. Wireless engineers encounter a trade-off between sensors energy requirement and their reliable full connectivity. Consequently, the
need to find the optimal solution draws the attention of many researchers. In this paper, the Electrostatic Discharge Algorithm (ESDA) is proposed, implemented, and applied to minimize energy needs of a sensor node while ensuring the fully-connectedness of each node. The obtained results show that the proposed method achieves better results than those found in the literature using the particle swarm optimization method in terms of energy savings and reliable connectivity.