bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NGHIÊN CỨU THÀNH PHẦN VÀ HÀM LƯỢNG CÁC LỚP CHẤT LIPID, PHOSPHOLIPID, AXIT BÉO, VÀ PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE LOÀI SAN HÔ MỀM CAPNELLA SP.
Authors: Phuong Ly Dang Thi , De Tran Quang , Quan Pham Minh , Kim Hoa Dinh Thi , Theu Nguyen Thi , Hai Linh Luu Thi , Long Pham Quoc , Borisovich Andrey Imbs
Published: April 2017

Hàm lượng lipid tổng của mẫu san hô mềm Capnella sp. chiếm 1,44 ± 0,10% so với trọng lượng mẫu tươi. Trong thành phần axit béo có mặt các axit béo tetracosapolyenoic 24:5n-6 và 24:6n-3 là axit béo đánh dấu điển hình cho san hô mềm (san hô tám ngăn) và các axit béo đánh dấu cho vi sinh vật cộng sinh như 18:5n-3, 18:2n-6, 18:3n-6, 18:4n-3, 20:4n-3. Kết quả phân tích lớp chất lipid cho thấy trong lipid tổng có mặt các lớp chất lipid chính là lipid phân cực, sterol, axit béo tự do, triacylglycerol, monoalkyldiacylglycerol, hydrocacbon và sáp, trong đó lipid phân cực chiếm hàm lượng cao nhất (21,14 ± 1,17% hàm lượng lipid tổng). Thành phần phospholipid của san hô mềm Capnella sp. có mặt các phân lớp phospholipid đặc trưng của động vật ngành Cnidarian là phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphonolipid là ceramide aminoethylphosphonate, trong đó phosphatidylcholine chiếm hàm lượng cao nhất (35,53 ± 1,46% tổng phospholipid). Đây là lần đầu tiên ở Việt Nam, thành phần và hàm lượng các dạng phân tử trong lớp chất phosphatidylcholine từ loài san hô mềm của Việt Nam được nghiên cứu và công bố, kết quả đã xác định được sự có mặt của 13 dạng phân tử bằng phương pháp phổ khối hiện đại LC-MS IT TOF với độ chính xác cao. Hai dạng phân tử chiếm hàm lượng cao nhất là PC 18:0e/20:4 và PC 16:0e/20:4.
ĐẶC TRƯNG KHAI THÁC ĐỘNG VẬT ĐÁY CÓ GIÁ TRỊ KINH TẾ CHỦ YẾU ĐẦM THỦY TRIỀU, KHÁNH HÒA
Authors: Ngai Phan Duc , Tuan Vo Si , Long Nguyen Van
Published: April 2017

Đặc trưng khai thác động vật đáy có giá trị kinh tế chủ yếu đầm Thủy Triều được xác định thông qua việc tổng hợp các tư liệu nghiên cứu trước đây và qua 4 chuyến điều tra khảo sát từ năm 2011 - 2015. Kết quả nghiên cứu đã xác định được 11 loài động vật đáy có giá trị kinh tế chủ yếu, trong đó giáp xác chiếm ưu thế về thành phần loài (7 loài) và sản lượng (chiếm từ 78 - 80% tổng sản lượng động vật đáy theo thời gian), đặc biệt Portunus pelagicus chiếm từ 64 - 72% tổng sản lượng giáp xác theo thời gian. Đa số nguồn lợi động vật đáy thuộc nhóm sống trên mặt, sinh sống ở vùng dưới triều, nơi có nhiều thảm cỏ biển, đáy cát bùn. Áp lực khai thác đầm Thủy Triều khá lớn, với mật độ phương tiện, số nghề và thời gian khai thác trung bình nghề khá cao và tập trung chủ yếu vào mùa khô (chiếm gần 70% tổng thời gian hoạt động trung bình nghề/năm), đặc biệt nghề khai thác hủy diệt tận thu như xiết điện, lưới lồng và đào (chiếm trên 70% tổng thời gian năm). Sản lượng nghề khai thác động vật đáy chiếm ưu thế vào mùa khô (chiếm trên 81% tổng sản lượng khai thác nghề/năm). Thành phần và sản lượng nguồn lợi động vật đáy có chiều hướng suy giảm nghiêm trọng. Nguyên nhân có thể do thời gian hoạt động trung bình/năm của các loại nghề khá cao, đặc biệt nghề khai thác mang tính hủy diệt, tận thu (lưới lồng, xiết điện). Kết quả nghiên cứu này cung cấp cơ sở khoa học cho việc nghiên cứu sâu hơn về chuỗi, lưới thức ăn và cung cấp dữ liệu cho quy hoạch, phân vùng và khai thác nguồn lợi thủy sản hợp lý.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM SINH HỌC SINH SẢN CỦA NGÁN (AUSTRIELLA CORRUGATA) TẠI VÙNG TRIỀU VEN BIỂN TỈNH QUẢNG NINH
Authors: Thanh Nguyen Xuan , Nhan Dinh Van , Trang Tran Thi Thu , Long Luc Van , An Tran Viet , Hung Do Hong
Published: April 2017

Kết quả phân tích 360 mẫu ngán (A. corrugata) thu tại các khu vực nơi có ngán phân bố thuộc vùng triều ven biển tỉnh Quảng Ninh từ tháng 1/2015 đến tháng 12/2015 cho thấy: Tuyến sinh dục ngán đực có màu trắng sữa, ngán cái có màu đen thẫm. Mùa vụ sinh sản của ngán hàng năm được xác định từ giữa tháng 4 đến đầu tháng 9, mùa sinh sản tập trung từ đầu tháng 6 đến đầu tháng 8. Ở các tháng tromg năm, tỷ lệ con đực luôn chiếm ưu thế so với con cái trong quần đàn ngán. Vào mùa sinh sản tỷ lệ đực cái cân bằng. Ngán lưỡng tính xuất hiện với tỷ lệ nhỏ (3,3 - 10%) vào mùa sinh sản và ở nhóm kích thước lớn hơn 40 mm. Ngán thành thục sinh dục lần đầu khi chiều dài đạt trên 30 mm, khối lượng trên 20 g. Sức sinh sản tuyệt đối giao động từ 340.690  - 2.090.000 trứng/cá thể, trung bình đạt 960.680 trứng/cá thể. Ấu trùng của ngán phát triển trải qua các giai đoạn chính: Ấu trùng chữ D, ấu trùng đỉnh vỏ và ấu trùng chân bò. Sau đó, ngán phát triển thành con non. Kết quả nghiên cứu góp phần cung cấp cơ sở khoa học cho việc xây dựng kế hoạch sản xuất giống nhân tạo, bảo vệ và phát triển bền vững nguồn lợi ngán tại địa phương.
Polycystic Kidney Disease with Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia Caused by a Promoter Mutation in Phosphomannomutase 2
Authors: Cabezas Oscar Rubio , Flanagan Sarah E. , Stanescu Horia , García-Martínez Elena , Caswell Richard , Lango-Allen Hana , Antón-Gamero Montserrat , Argente Jesús , Bussell Anna-Marie , Brandli Andre , Cheshire Chris , Crowne Elizabeth , Dumitriu Simona , Drynda Robert , Hamilton-Shield Julian P , Hayes Wesley , Hofherr Alexis , Iancu Daniela , Issler Naomi , Jefferies Craig , Jones Peter , Johnson Matthew , Kesselheim Anne , Klootwijk Enriko , Koettgen Michael , Lewis Wendy , Martos José María , Mozere Monika , Norman Jill , Patel Vaksha , Parrish Andrew , Pérez-Cerdá Celia , Pozo Jesús , Rahman Sofia A , Sebire Neil , Tekman Mehmet , Turnpenny Peter D. , Hoff William van’t , Viering Daan H.H.M. , Weedon Michael N. , Wilson Patricia , Guay-Woodford Lisa , Kleta Robert , Hussain Khalid , Ellard Sian , Bockenhauer Detlef
Published: April 2017

Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (HI) and congenital polycystic kidney disease (PKD) are rare, genetically heterogeneous disorders. The co-occurrence of these disorders (HIPKD) in 17 children from 11 unrelated families suggested an unrecognized genetic disorder. Whole-genome linkage analysis in five informative families identified a single significant locus on chromosome 16p13.2 (logarithm of odds score 6.5). Sequencing of the coding regions of all linked genes failed to identify biallelic mutations. Instead, we found in all patients a promoter mutation (c.-167G>T) in the phosphomannomutase 2 gene (PMM2), either homozygous or in trans with PMM2 coding mutations. PMM2 encodes a key enzyme in N-glycosylation. Abnormal glycosylation has been associated with PKD, and we found that deglycosylation in cultured pancreatic β cells altered insulin secretion. Recessive coding mutations in PMM2 cause congenital disorder of glycosylation type 1a (CDG1A), a devastating multisystem disorder with prominent neurologic involvement. Yet our patients did not exhibit the typical clinical or diagnostic features of CDG1A. In vitro, the PMM2 promoter mutation associated with decreased transcriptional activity in patient kidney cells and impaired binding of the transcription factor ZNF143. In silico analysis suggested an important role of ZNF143 for the formation of a chromatin loop including PMM2. We propose that the PMM2 promoter mutation alters tissue-specific chromatin loop formation, with consequent organ-specific deficiency of PMM2 leading to the restricted phenotype of HIPKD. Our findings extend the spectrum of genetic causes for both HI and PKD and provide insights into gene regulation and PMM2 pleiotropy.
Barnard v Minister of Justice: the minister’s verdict - Deciding on parole for offenders serving life sentences
Authors: Nanima Robert Doya
Published: April 2017

Parole for offenders serving life sentences has ignited questions in media reports and political circles. This complexity becomes a touchy issue when it leaves more questions than answers after the grant or decline to place offenders on parole. This article evaluates the discretion of the minister to decline to grant parole under section 78(2) of the Correctional Services Act 25 of 2008 (CSA). This contribution argues that a minister’s discretion to refuse parole needs to be re- examined in the wake of the decision in Barnard v Minister of Justice, Constitutional Development & Correctional Services and another with regard to its content and context. The paper examines the drafting history to section 78(2) of the Correctional Services Act; evaluates the bounds of the Ministerial powers, and examines its recent application in Barnard. The final step involves recommending a working framework that may reconcile the position.
Violence and injury observatories: Reducing the burden of injury in high-risk communities
Authors: Jabar Ardil , Matzopoulos Richard
Published: April 2017

Background The meaning of an observatory has expanded recently from its origins in astronomy to that of specialised informational repositories and knowledge building centres housing cross-referenced databases with advanced analytic and research capacities. The purpose of the violence and injury observatories is directed toward preventing crime and violence at the local and regional level. Data around the burden of violence and injury for the African continent is limited and often not collected periodically thus limiting the implementation and evaluation of timely violence prevention interventions.MethodsAn observatory is primarily a tool to support the authorities in formulating effective responses to citizen safety and security issues. It is a centre dedicated to systematising information from different sources to produce periodic analyses or studies, to show the development of crime and violence in a given area. These surveillance systems primarily comprise two components: (1) Collection, analysis and interpretation of violence and injury data (2) Dissemination of findings to stakeholders within the safety and security cluster and the general public. There are several important data collection strategies which include health surveys, administrative data, mandatory reports and studies of special groups. Surveillance data initially may be analysed in terms of time, place, and person, by looking at time trends and geographic distribution and comparing age, sex, and population groups. Advanced data analysis methods for surveillance data include space-time clustering, time-series analysis, geospatial analysis, life tables, logistic regression, trend and small area analysis and methods for the forecast of epidemics based on surveillance dataConclusion  Violence and injury observatories seeks to collect comprehensive data on violence and injury data with the system serving as a platform for violence prevention intervention development and evaluation for their respective sites.
Interview with Lieutenant General Gary Kruser, Deputy National Commissioner, South African Police Service
Authors: Burger Johan
Published: April 2017

In 2016 the South African Police Service announced that it was going ‘Back-to-Basics’. To lead this programme, it established a new Management Interventions competency, headed by Lt Gen. Gary Kruser. In February 2017 Dr Johan Burger (ISS) sat down with Kruser to learn more about the new competency.
Comprehension Monitoring in Chinese Reading among Chinese Adolescent Readers
Authors: Han Feifei
Published: April 2017

English and Chinese reading place different requirements in terms of lower-order processing. Research has consistently found evidence that word recognition in English and Chinese reading requires different cognitive processes. However, whether English reading differs from Chinese reading with regard to higher-order processing receives little attention. This study investigated comprehension monitoring, an important higher-order skill, among 126 Chinese adolescent readers using two kinds of information errors (i.e., external and internal information errors), in order to compare results from studies on comprehension monitoring in English. The results showed that the detection of external errors was significantly higher than the detection of internal errors. Proficient Chinese readers performed significantly higher on overall comprehension monitoring task, on monitoring of external errors, and on monitoring of internal errors compared to poor Chinese readers. There was also significant correlation between comprehension monitoring and Chinese reading proficiency. Conclusions and Recommendations: The results of the study suggest that Chinese readers’ comprehension monitoring was similar to comprehension monitoring of native English speakers in English reading, and this may provide some evidence that Chinese and English reading may have similar higher-order processes even though reading in the two languages place different requirements in terms of lower-order processing skills.
Iraqi EFL University Students’ Use of Communication Strategies in Written Performance
Authors: Ugla Raed Latif
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study is to discover the kinds of communication strategies (CSs) used by high, intermediate, and low proficient Iraqi EFL students in written performance. For the purpose of this study, 47 Iraqi EFL students who are studying English at Al-Yarmouk University College and College of Basic Education/ University of Diyala. Those students have divided into three groups (high, intermediate, low) based on their language proficiency level. To collect the data from participants, they have been asked to write a 100-word argumentative essay. The essay topic is: The influence of Facebook on Iraqi younger generation. The data have been analyzed qualitatively using Rabab’ah’s taxonomy of CSs (2001). The results of this study have revealed that the participants have used some of the CSs which have existed in the taxonomy of Rabab’ah. Additionally, they have used 3 other strategies which have not existed in this taxonomy. The results have showed that the language proficiency has direct effect on the use and choice of CSs in the written performance. Based on the results of this study and the researcher experience in the field of CSs, he has proposed taxonomy of written CSs to be used by learners and other researchers.
Beyond Human Boundaries: Variations of Human Transformation in Science Fiction
Authors: Mirenayat Sayyed Ali , Bahar Ida Baizura , Talif Rosli , Mani Manimangai
Published: April 2017

Science Fiction is a literary genre of technological changes in human and his life; and is full of imaginative and futuristic concepts and ideas. One of the most significant aspects of Science Fiction is human transformation. This paper will present, firstly, an overview on the history of Science Fiction and some of the most significant sci-fi stories, and will also explore the elements of human transformation in them. Later, it will explain the term of transhumanism as a movement which follows several transformation goals to reach immortality and superiority of human through advanced technology. Next, the views by a number of prominent transhumanists will be outlined and discussed. Finally, three main steps of transhumanism, namely transhuman, posthuman, and cyborg, will be described in details through notable scholars’ views in which transhuman will be defined as a transcended version of human, posthuman as a less or non-biological being, and cyborg as a machine human. In total, this is a conceptual paper on an emerging trend in literary theory development which aims to engage critically in an overview of the transformative process of human by technology in Science Fiction beyond its current status.
Evaluation of Michael Berry’s Translation of To Live from Metafunctional Approach
Authors: Zu Daqing , Xu Ying
Published: April 2017

Standing distinctively out from his other works, To Live signifies the sharp turning of Yu Hua’s writing style from avant-garde experimenting to the mature novel narrating. The English Version To Live translated by the American scholar Michael Berry made its appearance in 2003, winning generous appreciation of the American readers from all walks of life. Compared with the extensive study conducted on the original text, the study of the English version, especially its C-E translation, is relatively few and limited. To assess the C-E translation of the novel, the thesis adopts a feasible approach from systemic functional linguistics—metafunction theory. Based on the three metafunctions, this paper makes a detailed comparative study between the original text and its corresponding translation so as to find out the merits and demerits of the C-E translation as well as the underlying causes. This thesis makes an objective study of the C-E translation of the English version, intending to provide constructive reference for the objective judgment of Berry’s version as well as the improvement of the future translation.
A Comparative Study of the Strategies Employed in "The Old Man and the Sea" Translated from English into Persian on the Basis of Vinay and Darbelnet's Model
Authors: Sharei Vahideh
Published: April 2017

Translation as a culture-based phenomenon has been investigated from various perspectives and it is a field of knowledge that is wide open and has not been exhausted yet. The aim of this study is to examine the use of Vinay and Darbelnet’s translation strategies in translation of the novel “The Old Man and the Sea” from English to Persian by Najaf Daryabandari and Mohammad Taghi Faramarzi.  It also made an attempt to investigate which of the two main categories of translation strategies (direct and oblique translation) is the prevalent tendency in translation of this novel by the two translators.
A Survey of Foreign Students’ Cross-cultural Adaptation in Chongqing Normal University—A Case Study of Sri Lankan Students
Authors: Zhang Xuelian , Zhao Meiling , Xie Xiangcao
Published: April 2017

Cross-cultural adaptation research is an important part of study for foreign students. With theories of Searle & Ward and John W. Berry, mainly from two aspects: psychological adaptation and social-cultural adaptation, the research investigates Sri Lankan students’ cross-cultural adaptation in Chongqing Normal University and analyzes the problems of Sri Lankan students’ cross-cultural adaptation in Chongqing Normal University in four aspects: Chinese reading and vocabulary, communication and exchange, adaptation of learning and teaching styles and knowledge of Chinese culture. Combined with the survey and problems of Sri Lankan students’ adaptation, the research will be used to give relevant suggestions to help Sri Lankan students adapt Chinese culture better.
Elaboration of the Philosophical Values of Paradigmatic Excerpts of “The Analects of Confucius”
Authors: Xiong Qiang
Published: April 2017

“The Analects of Confucius” authentically keeps a record of the words and deeds of Confucius and his disciples. It’s one of the four classical works of Confucian culture. By citing many exemplary texts from “Confucian Analects” and delineating and expounding on their connotational significance, the ethical and philosophical importance and values of “Confucian Analects” are emphatically manifested; meanwhile, their mirroring and guiding values on one’s behaviour are further specifically illustrated.
A Qualitative Study of EFL Teachers' Emotion Regulation Behavior in the Classroom
Authors: Akbari Ramin , Samar Reza Ghafar , Kiany Gholam Reza , Tahernia Mohammad
Published: April 2017

This study aimed to explore the nature of emotion regulation behavior among EFL teachers. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 18 EFL teachers teaching general English courses in both private language institutes and public schools in Iran. All interviews, conducted in Farsi, were first transcribed and translated into English. Then, through the use of conceptual content analysis technique, the data were scrutinized for emotion regulation strategies. Overall, five main categories, namely, Teaching Context Preference / Avoidance, Teaching Context Adjustments, Attention Direction, Reappraisal, and Reactive Strategies emerged in the interviews. The emerging categories from the conceptual content analysis corresponded, to a great extent, to the Process Model of Emotion Regulation proposed by Gross (1998).
On the Teaching Innovation of Business English Teaching: A study on Multimodal Communicative Competence of Ethnic Universities
Authors: Geng Chunling
Published: April 2017

Business English teaching is attracting more and more attention and is showing unprecedented strength. But Business English teaching in colleges for nationalities is still facing many problems, which greatly hinders the improvement of Business English teaching quality and the development of Business English. Starting from the connotation of Business English, this paper reveals the common problems existing in Business English teaching, analyzes the causes and puts forward some reform measures, thus cultivating comprehensive Business English graduates for the society.
A clinical case of pulmonary and hepatic echinococcosis
Authors: Gorbunova M L , Volkova S N , Shestakova G V , Spiridonova E L
Published: April 2017

The article presents а description of our personal case of pulmonary and hepatic echinococcosis in a 38-years-old patient. Literature data on clinical presentation, laboratory and instrumental diagnostic methods of the disease are presented. Different variants of clinical presentation of pulmonary echinococcosis and its possible complications are described. The problems of differential diagnosis, surgical and conventional methods of treatment are analyzed. The presented clinical case confirms the wide spread opinion that the diagnosis of pulmonary echinococcosis based on only the results of chest X-ray is extremely challenging. Frequent diagnostic mistakes are associated with the primary diagnosis of pneumonia based on chest X-ray. Use of high-pitch spiral computed tomography implemented recently into clinical practice provides early differential diagnosis of pulmonary lesions with parasitic diseases, in particular, with echinococcosis. The final diagnosis is confirmed by serologic methods of echinococcosis diagnosis with the use of enzyme immunoassays.
Antes que a definitiva noite lembrar o passado, projetar o futuro
Authors: Vasconcellos Lisa Carvalho
Published: April 2017

O presente artigo pretende analisar Angústia (1936), de Graciliano Ramos, em contraposição a duas obras portuguesas – Sinais de Fogo (1979), e O ano da morte de Ricardo Reis (1984) – que retratam o mesmo período histórico descrito no romance. Os três são livros que procuram pensar a relação entre o intelectual e o Estado, tomando como matéria ficcional o período imediatamente anterior a catástrofes políticas e pessoais – no caso, o ano de 1936, que foi marcado tanto no Brasil quanto em Portugal pela consolidação do fascismo, enquanto ideologia nacional, e pelo início da ditadura, enquanto regime político. A partir do estudo comparativo dessas três obras, o presente trabalho procurará delinear como escritores lusófonos pensaram e retrataram os regimes autoritários de seus respectivos países.
O arquivo como história natural
Authors: Duarte João Oliveira
Published: April 2017

A partir de momentos privilegiados da história de arte contemporânea (Tacita Dean, Boris Mikhailov, Blossfeldt, entre outros), o nosso ensaio interroga as relações entre arquivo e história natural tendo como base uma noção particular: a noção de resto, que tentámos formular a partir de alguns motivos na obra daqueles artistas contemporâneos. Seja na indistinção entre objecto natural e técnico, seja na suspensão temporal em que aqueles objectos se situam – algures entre a iminência e a catástrofe –, o arquivo encontra a história natural quando, na sua impassibilidade, cria um objecto que não é nem natural nem, também, histórico, inaugurando, desta forma, uma estranha temporalidade que tanto é a abertura incondicional ao futuro como, também, uma catástrofe desde sempre anunciada.
A influência pictórica sobre a concepção dos cartes de visite fotográficos oi-tocentistas
Authors: Vieira Luiz Henrique
Published: April 2017

Este artigo pretende discutir e contextualizar, historicamente, a posição de Benjamin, em sua “Pequena história da fotografia”, sobre os retratos fotográficos produzidos na segunda metade do século XIX; assim como demonstrar, a partir de pesquisa iconográfica e através dos métodos analítico e comparativo, as evidentes influências da retratística pictórica clássica sobre a concepção desses retratos, considerando elementos compositivos de valor simbólico e o clima de teatralidade, recorrentes em ambas as práticas. Tais influências, já mencionadas por outros autores, são ainda carentes de demonstrações minuciosas. Para isso, foram escolhidas obras da retratística majestática e principesca, como cânones imagéticos que teriam sido tomados como referenciais em determinados retratos fotográficos oitocentistas.
Comparison between pre and post- operative chronic otitis media outcome (COMOT-15) in patients who underwent cartilage myringoplasty in Kathmandu University Hospital: The Nepal scenario
Authors: Shrestha Bikash Lal , Amatya Ram Chhaya Man , Dhakal Ashish , Pradhan Akash , Rajbhandari Pradip
Published: April 2017

Background: The study was conducted to compare the pre and post-operative outcome of quality of life in patients who underwent cartilage myringoplasty with COMOT-15 (Chronic otitis media outcome test-15).

Methods: 37 patients were included in the study that underwent endoscopic cartilage myringoplasty. COMOT-15 questionnaire was used pre and 6 months post-operatively to see the quality of life outcome. Along with that audiological testing was also performed.  

Results: There were total 37 patients (males 19 and females 18) with the mean age of 24.32±/-11.1years, and age range of 18-61years participated in all questionings and examination. The comparison of COMOT-15 Pre and Post-operative questionnaires analysis showed statistically significant improvement in all scales except for mental health. The audiological result also showed clear association of audiometry results with hearing function.

Conclusions: The cartilage myringoplasty has beneficial effect in disease specific health related quality of life, as well there is clear association between hearing function scale and audiological evaluation. So, it is useful to perform cartilage myringoplasty wherever necessary.
Validating internal electron and proton energy configurations via a theoretical derivation of the mass ratio mp/me
Authors: Oakley William S.
Published: April 2017

Background: There are no particle models giving theoretical rest mass energy values for the electron or proton, and their internal energy configurations are unknown. Consequently there is no theoretical basis for the proton/electron rest mass ratio mp/me. Previous articles established both electrons and protons consist of quantum loops of the same 6.8MeV base quantum energy, albeit in different relativistic states.

Methods: Prior work is extended by considering internal particle energy cross coupling factors to derive detailed theoretical expressions for the internal energy distributions of electrons and protons. These expressions consist of the base quantum energy modified by terms containing only relativistic factors of the fine structure constant, α ~ 1/137. For mp/me the base quantum energy cancels and the derived mass ratio is given by the particle’s internal quantum loop relativistic states. The derived mass ratio is compared to the empirical value. Newton’s gravitational constant, G, is calculated from the electron internal energy configuration.

Results: Derived particle energy configurations give proton mass and proton/electron mass ratio values fully consistent with empirical data. The common base quantum loop energy is obtained to 6ppm. Combining particle mass energy expressions gives mp/me to ten digits and consistent with the 2014 CODATA value via an expression containing only the fine structure constant. A theoretical value for Newton’s gravitational constant is obtained to an uncertainty of 6ppb. The Hierarchy problem is resolved, and the Planck scale of matter is adjusted. 

Conclusions: The particle energy configurations are validated by providing particle mass energy values and a proton/electron mass ratio consistent with empirical data. Newton’s G is shown not a natural constant, and misunderstanding its nature gave rise to the Hierarchy problem and an erroneous value for the Planck scale of matter, both now resolved.
Cytotoxicity of Alpinia galanga Rhizome Crude Extract on NIH-3T3 Cells
Authors: Sandra Ferry , Sudiono Janti , Trisfilha Pretty , Pratiwi Deviyanti
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND: Alpinia galanga (A. galanga) was reported as a potential medicinal source due to its wide effect. A. galanga rhizome crude extract (ARCE) was reported to have high cytotoxic effect in cancer cells, but low in normal cells. However half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ARCE is not clearly known yet. Hence, current study was conducted to investigate the IC50 of ARCE in normal standard fibroblast cell line, NIH-3T3 cells.METHODS: Rhizomes of A. galanga were collected, peeled, dried, milled and weighed. Extraction was performed using maceration method, then filtered and evaporated. ARCE with various concentrations were applied in NIH-3T3 cells for 24 or 48 hours. Cells were documented and counted with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay.RESULTS: Five hundreds grams of simplicia were macerated with ethanol and evaporated, 1 mg/mL crude extract with total volume of 114 mL was obtained. By addition of ARCE in NIH-3T3 cell culture, number of NIH-3T3 cells were shown less when treated with higher concentration of ARCE. Cell numbers of 0, 3.125, 6.25, 12.5, 25 and 50% ARCE treatment for 24 hours are 11,531, 11,352, 10,920, 10,365, 9,471, 8,360, respectively, meanwhile for 48 hours are 13,219, 12,686, 12,278, 11,390, 10,279, 8,390, respectively.CONCLUSION: IC50 of ARCE in 24 hours treatment was 620.5 mg/mL, while in 48 hours treatment was 666.6 mg/mL. Hence, ARCE is suggested to have low cytotoxic effect in NIH-3T3 cells.KEYWORDS: Alpinia galanga, ginger, extract, cytotoxic, MTT, NIH-3T3
Correlation Abnormal Ankle-Brachial Index and Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease in Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients
Authors: Mappangara Idar , Putra Magma Purnawan , Saleh Khalid
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND: Many studies showed the association between peripheral artery disease (PAD) and coronary artery disease (CAD). The anklebrachial index (ABI) was a simple, noninvasive, and not expensive test that showed high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of PAD. Previous studies showed PAD correlation with the number of coronary artery lesions and higher complexity of the lesions. These correlations might contribute to worse cardiovascular outcomes, especially acute coronary syndrome (ACS) cases. Aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation abnormal ABI with the risk of ACS patients to have multivessel coronary artery lesions.METHODS: This was a retrospective analytical casec ontrol study. The data were taken from Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital medical records from November 2015 to February 2016. The inclusion criteria were (>18 years old) patients with ACS who had underwent ABI examination and coronary angiography.RESULTS: The prevalence of patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) was lower than non-ST elevation ACS (NSTE-ACS). The prevalence of patients with abnormal ABI was 43.3% and patients with multivessel CAD was 65%. Male patients dominated the ACS population with 73.3%, about half of patients were smoking, and 86.7% had dyslipidemia. Patients with abnormal ABI and multivessel disease had greater number than patients with normal ABI (p=0.025). Analysis with binary logistic regression model showed abnormal ABI(odd ratio [OR] 4.83; p=0.021) and male sex (OR 19.35; p=0.010) were associated with greater risk of multivessel CAD.CONCLUSION: An abnormal ABI is associated with greater risk of multivessel CAD in ACS patients.KEYWORDS: ankle-brachial index, multivessel, coronary, acute coronary syndrome
Genome Editing with Crispr-Cas9 Systems: Basic Research and Clinical Applications
Authors: Meiliana Anna , Dewi Nurrani Mustika , Wijaya Andi
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND: Recently established genome editing technologies will open new avenues for biological research and development. Human genome editing is a powerful tool which offers great scientific and therapeutic potential.CONTENT: Genome editing using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPRassociated protein 9 (Cas9) technology is revolutionizing the gene function studies and possibly will give rise to an entirely new degree of therapeutics for a large range of diseases. Prompt advances in the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, as well as delivery modalities for gene therapy applications, are dismissing the barriers to the clinical translation of this technology. Many studies conducted showed promising results, but as current available technologies for evaluating off-target gene modification, several elements must be addressed to validate the safety of the CRISPR/Cas9 platform for clinical application, as the ethical implication as well.SUMMARY: The CRISPR/Cas9 system is a powerful genome editing technology with the potential to create a variety of novel therapeutics for a range of diseases, many of which are currently untreatable.KEYWORDS: genome editing, CRISPR-Cas, guideRNA, DSB, ZFNs, TALEN
Pressupostos teóricos e perspectivas didáticas na docência universitária
Authors: Consaltér Evandro
Published: April 2017

Esta resenha abordará o livro “Docência universitária: pressupostos teóricos e perspectivas didáticas”, publicado pela Editora Mercado de Letras, em outubro de 2015. Além de participantes diretos do grupo, também se somam à obra outros colaboradores, de outras instituições nacionais e também internacionais. A organização da coletânea é de competência dos professores Altair Alberto Fávero, Carina Tonieto e Leandro Carlos Ody. A obra se originou a partir das investigações e discussões sobre essa temática, presentes no grupo de pesquisa Improvisação Docente no Contexto da Expansão da Educação Superior, com a coordenação do professor doutor Altair Alberto Fávero e desenvolvido junto ao programa de Mestrado e Doutorado em Educação e do Curso de Filosofia da Universidade de Passo Fundo.
Sobre a capa
Authors: Krischnegg Haidi
Published: April 2017

Sobre a capa
Exploring Strategies That Influence Children’s Physical Activity Self-Efficacy
Authors: Efrat Merav W.
Published: April 2017

Insufficient physical activity during the elementary school years has been associated with a number of health problems (Strong et al., 2006).  During the school day, the recess period provides the greatest opportunity for children to engage in physical activity (Robert Wood Johnson, 2007). Nonetheless, most children spend the majority of their recess time in active.  One strategy for increased physical activity during recess is to develop related interventions that reinforce physical activity from the school itself.  While some research studies have identified modifiable factors, research suggests that a greater level of physical activity self-efficacy is the strongest predictor of increased physical activity among elementary-aged children (Coakley, & White, 1992; Mulvihill, Rivers, & Aggleton, 2000; Trost, Pate, Saunders, Ward, Dowda, & Felton, 1997; Trost, 1999; Zakarian et al., 1994).  Research suggests that strong influences on this age group include a teacher’s encouragement and competent adult modeling (Chase 1995, Lirgg & Feltz, 1991; Trost et al. 2003). The purpose of this study is to compare whether a teacher’s encouragement alone and modeling by a competent adult alone influence children’s recess time physical activity self-efficacy. In our study, this construct is measured through barrier self-efficacy (adult encouragement and other) and task self-efficacy (light, moderate, and vigorous). One hundred sixty-one students were assigned randomly to one of three groups: 1) modeling 2) encouragement, and 3) comparison. We collected pretreatment and posttreatment self-efficacy data as well. There was no significant interaction between the treatment and gender on self-efficacy. However, there was a significant main effect detected for treatment on adult encouragement barrier self-efficacy.  Findings suggest that when teachers encourage children to be active, they may internalize the encouragement and become less dependent on external sources of encouragement to motivate them to be active during recess.
The Flipped Classroom: Implementing Technology To Aid In College Mathematics Student’s Success
Authors: Buch George R. , Warren Carryn B.
Published: April 2017

August 2016 there was a call (Braun, Bremser, Duval, Lockwood & White, 2017) for post-secondary instructors to use active learning in their classrooms.  Once such example of active learning is what is called the “flipped” classroom.  This paper presents the need for, and the methodology of the flipped classroom, results of questionnaires on student perceptions, as well as quantitative data on student performance.
Increasing Student Motivation To Learn By Making Computer Game Technology More Engaging: Measurable Outcomes That Determine Success
Authors: Mann Mark D.
Published: April 2017

In the 21st Century, Educators are called to thinking in broader terms about the purpose of technology in engaging learners to work on tasks that are meaningful to them. Through technology, as described in this paper, the researcher has attempted to broaden student engagement level by developing a more engaging online game framework. The research attempted to increase engagement by modifying a less goal oriented maze game into a sporting challenge called Downhill Skier. In creating simulation software for the individual sport of downhill skiing, the Downhill Skier app was developed using the elm programming language. Since Elm is a relatively easy programming language to learn, Elm code can be modified and shaped to ones intended purpose. Using the EGameFlow Survey, an instrument that has been tested for internal and external validity, the research demonstrated that engagement levels were increased, in seven of the eight categories that EGameFlow measures, by changing the nature of the game from a maze walk through into an e-sport challenge.
Auditing Communication Effectiveness In Higher Education: A Team-Based Study By MBA Students
Authors: Hart Claudia , Plemmons Tony , Stulz Karin , Vroman Margo
Published: April 2017

A regional University in the United States implemented an AQIP (Academic Quality Improvement Program) Action Project with a goal of developing processes for effective leadership communication. An MBA (Masters of Business Administration) class conducted a university-wide communication audit to assist with the AQIP project. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed and presented to the AQIP Task Force. The audit was a win-win opportunity for the students and broader university community. University leadership learned about communication strengths and opportunities within the organization and received recommendations on ways to strengthen communication in the areas of communication channels, information flow, and feedback. As a result, the Task Force implemented tools and processes to enhance communication within the University. The audit also provided MBA students with an opportunity to connect classroom theory with workplace practice. As a result of this service-learning project, students acquired knowledge about organizational communication, worked collaboratively with University employees and practiced communication skills as they developed and defended decisions and recommendations.
Performance Of South African Automotive Exports Under The African Growth And Opportunity Act From 2001 To 2015
Authors: Lamprecht Norman , Tolmay Aletta Sophia
Published: April 2017

The South African automotive industry is faced with the challenge of how to expand through exports in a saturated global automotive market, characterized by overcapacity. The vision of the South African automotive industry is to double its vehicle production to one million units per annum by 2020.  However, domestic market limitations impede the ability to achieve sufficient economies of scale.  Trade arrangements contribute towards increasing market access. The impact of the AGOA on automotive trade between the United States of America and South Africa was analyzed. It was found that the AGOA resulted in a substantial increase in two-way trade. Further research is encouraged with regard to the potential of regional integration in Africa for automotive exports from South African and the USA.
Last Clear Chance: A Defense To A Defense
Authors: Neil Ben
Published: April 2017

This case problem will provide the student with the familiarity that they will need for the concepts of contributory negligence and last clear chance.  It should also be noted that the concept of last clear chance is on the wane as a legal maxim. It is applicable in states that still use the legal defense of contributory negligence. Whereas in other states, which constitute the majority, the courts apply the concept of comparative negligence, which apportions the monetary damages given by the fact finder. There may be other considerations depending upon the country of the legal action, as this case study is based solely on United States laws.
The Impact Of Organizational Factors On Implementation Outcomes Of Lean Manufacturing
Authors: Bayat Homayoun , Dadashzadeh Mohammadq
Published: April 2017

Critical success factors for successful implementation outcomes of lean manufacturing remain an important area of research.  This paper examines the correlation between organizational factors, organizational structure, and job design with implementation outcomes of lean manufacturing that impact quality, waste, and delivery.  The effect of three moderating factors, the length of time that lean manufacturing has been implemented, the company’s size, and the type of manufacturing, on the relationship between organizational factors and implementation outcomes of lean manufacturing is also studied.  The results of this research study indicate that except for the lack of a relationship between level of formalization with waste and delivery outcomes, there are significant positive correlations between organizational factors and implementation outcomes of lean manufacturing.  The results also indicate that the moderating factors do affect the relationship between independent and dependent variables.
Carta dos editores convidados
Authors: Convidados Editores
Published: April 2017

Carta dos editores convidados
Impacts Of Divorce Law Changes In Brazil And The “Extinction” Of Judicial Separation
Authors: J. Maristrello Porto Antônio , H. Butelli Pedro , H. Butelli Pedro
Published: April 2017

This paper explores the connections between the most recent divorce-related law change, the Constitutional Amendment n.66 (CA66), and its impacts on individual decisions in this regard in Brazil, while analyzing how immediate the behavioral repercussions are for this type of law change and how judicial separation is affected by the fact that it is no longer a prerequisite for divorce. We have found that divorce and marriage rates increased significantly while separations decreased, showing that the law was strongly effective in less than 6 months and that judicial separation seemed to be chosen almost exclusively because of its status as an obligation.
Argumentos de justificação para as reformas processuais: uma análise semiolinguística das exposições de motivos do Código de Processo Civil de 1939 e do Anteprojeto de Reforma de 2010
Authors: Guarino Sant’Anna Lima de Almeida Matheus , Guarino Sant’Anna Lima de Almeida Gabriel , Duarte Fernanda , Iorio Filho Rafael Mario
Published: April 2017

A pesquisa tem como objeto a análise dos argumentos de legitimação das reformas processuais brasileiras, através da comparação dos textos das exposições de motivos dos Códigos de Processo Civil de 1939 e do Anteprojeto do Novo Código de Processo Civil (Lei nº 13.105/2015). Estes dois Códigos se apresentam como marcos: o Código de Processo Civil de 1939, elaborado durante o Estado Novo, é o primeiro Código unificado de abrangência nacional; e Novo CPC, cuja origem se encontra no Anteprojeto de Reforma de 2010 é o primeiro em período democrático. Temos como objetivo investigar as semelhanças e diferenças entre os argumentos de legitimação utilizados e a adequação deles aos contextos políticos da cada época, indagando se estes são apenas recursos discursivos de mera legitimação das reformas processuais ou de fato explicações que demonstram as questões práticas que a nova legislação visa solver. Quanto à metodologia, nos apropriamos de ferramentas metodológicas da Análise Semiolinguística do Discurso, feita por Patrick Charaudeau em sua análise do discurso político, para podermos explicitar como que o uso da linguagem e de elementos de construção de sentido que se mostram presentes no plano do discurso são utilizadas de modo a construir justificativas para as concepções de processo, em 1939 e em 2010. Como resultados, temos que, embora situadas em contextos históricos e políticos muito distintos, a elaboração do CPC de 1939 e do novo CPC se aproximam nos procedimentos retóricos e busca de adesão e justificação, variando conforme o vocabulário da época, quanto à justificativa e à necessidade de mudança.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO FATOR TOPOGRÁFICO EM BACIAS HIDROGRÁFICAS
Authors: Zanin Paulo Rodrigo , Bonumá Nadia Bernardi , Minella Jean Paolo Gomes
Published: April 2017

O uso do modelo USLE e suas derivações, para estimativas de erosão hídrica, é cada vez mais frequente na literatura acadêmica e obras de engenharia. No entanto, estes modelos apresentam limitações na sua aplicação em bacias hidrográficas, por serem originalmente desenvolvidos para áreas de encosta. Desta forma, o presente estudo objetivou realizar uma análise de sensibilidade do fator topográfico (LS), considerando o cálculo tradicional da MUSLE (WILLIANS, 1975), e os métodos de cálculo espacialmente distribuídos de Moore et al. (1991) e Desmet e Govers (1996), para dois MDEs com detalhamento topográfico de 1:10.000 e 1:50.000, em seis bacias hidrográficas de diferentes escalas. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o cálculo tradicional superestima os valores do fator topográfico, em relação ao valor médio dos cálculos espacialmente distribuídos. Em relação a influência da discretização do relevo, os valores do fator topográfico aumentam do MDE de 1:50.000 para o MDE de 1:10.000 no método tradicional e no método de Desmet e Govers (1996), enquanto no método de Moore et al. (1991) eles reduzem. Este comportamento divergente entre os métodos espacialmente distribuídos se deve a forma de como a acumulação dos fluxos na bacia é inserido em cada cálculo. Com base em correlações com índices de relevo, verificou-se que os métodos de cálculo espacialmente distribuídos expressam melhor a realidade do fator topográfico em relação ao método tradicional, sendo mais precisos no MDE de 1:50.000. No que toca ao efeito de escala, foram encontradas relações complexas entre o fator topográfico dos três métodos de cálculo e o conjunto de bacias analisadas.