bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT OF THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE STATED DAIRY PRODUCT
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Shirokova Nadezhda Vasilievna , Zakurdaeva Anzhela Ashotovna ,   Don State Technical University, Zakurdaeva Margarita Alexandrovna ,   Don State Technical University
Published: October 2024

The development of healthy food products is one of the priorities of the technological development of the Russian Federation. Nutritional factors are essential in the occurrence and development of such common pathologies as cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis, chronic heart failure - in 61% of cases; oncopathology - in 30% of cases; type II diabetes mellitus - 6%, osteoporosis and diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and biliary tract, endocrine pathologies. To prevent socially significant diseases, enriched and specialized food products are introduced into the diet today, including various biologically active substances obtained by various biotechnological methods. The use of regional raw materials of plant origin in the production of fermented milk products allows to increase the nutritional and biological value, improve the functional and technological properties of finished products. Experimental studies were carried out at the Department of Food Technologies and Commodity Science of the Don State Agrarian University. For statistical processing of experimental data, standard methods of statistical analysis were used using the Statistica 6.0 software package. During the work, a set of generally accepted standard research methods was used. We have developed the technology of a fermented dairy product enriched with bioactive substances with a specific activity. A liquid water extract of lavender and fig powder were chosen to be included in the drink recipe. Fig powder pairs well with dairy products due to its color, while lavender essential oil, flowers and leaves are widely used to flavor alcoholic beverages. The optimal amount of plant components to be introduced has been established. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that it is expedient to enrich the fermented product with herbal ingredients.
DYNAMICS OF CLINICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF ANIMAL BLOOD WHEN USING SPOKES WITH AN INNOVATIVE OSTEOPLASTIC BIOCOMPOSITION COATING TO RESTORE BONE TISSUE
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Artemyev Dmitry Alekseevich , Klokov Vladimir Sergeevich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Bugaenko Dmitry Alekseevich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Levoshkina Diana Dmitrievna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

Injuries of the musculoskeletal system, of different types of animals, occur in more than 30% of the total number of non-infected animals. In veterinary and humane traumatology, the problem associated with fractures of tubular bones has not been completely solved. Due to the use of different methods of osteosynthesis, implying the use of various implants (spokes, bone plates, osteofixers, pins), it is fundamentally important to obtain such a coating on implants that satisfies such specified needs as: thickness, morphological heterogeneity, roughness, porosity, adhesive strength to accelerate consolidation processes. The article shows the results of studies on the dynamics of hematological and biochemical parameters of groups of experimental animals, in view of the use of osteoplastic biocomposition coating for spokes in combined osteosynthesis of tubular bones. Blood samples (n=60) served as the material for research. The purpose of this study was to assess the dynamics of hematological and biochemical parameters of blood during the implantation of spokes with the developed osteoplastic biocomposition coating. A group of authors, based on the dynamics of hematological parameters, determined that the coating consisting of hydroxyapatite, methyluracil, amoxicillin and polylactide does not cause hematopoiesis inhibition and acute inflammatory reaction. Based on the dynamics of biochemical parameters, it was determined that this coating does not have hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity, the absence of a negative effect of this material on the process of bone restoration and the formation of a callus was determined. The developed coating, from the point of view of the authors, allows for a sufficiently high degree of consolidation of bone fragments and the exclusion of such a factor as inflammatory processes.
ANTIVIRAL DRUGS AND THEIR EFFECTIVENESS IN THE TREATMENT OF CALCIVIROSIS OF CATS
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Krotova Olga Evgenievna , Petrenko Victoria Svyatoslavovna ,   Don State Technical University, Alekseeva Tatiana Viktorovna ,   Don State Technical University, Savenkov Konstantin Stanislavovich ,   St. Petersburg State Agrarian University
Published: October 2024

Calicivirus disease of cats is widespread in the world. Members of the Felidae family are the only hosts susceptible to FCV infection. The prevalence of FCV is directly related to the number of cats present in the kennel, and is higher in large groups, for example, in colonies and shelters, where it can reach from 25 to 40%. Currently, it is relevant to study the frequency of manifestation and distribution areas of this animal disease, the search for antiviral drugs that are effective against the causative agent of calicivirus infection in cats to optimize therapeutic measures. The virus is able to cause lesions on its own, without the presence of bacteria, and a secondary bacterial infection enhances the effect of the virus, promotes its penetration into deeper parts of the respiratory tract, leading to the development of pneumonia, or chronic rhinitis, sinusitis or conjunctivitis. The development of effective methods for the treatment of calicivirus infection in cats is one of the promising areas of veterinary science and practice. The article presents the results of studies obtained in assessing the effectiveness of the use of antiviral and immunostimulating drugs from various manufacturers: "Fosprenil" (CJSC "Micro-plus", Russia), "Maksidin" (CJSC "Micro-plus", Russia), "Feliferon" (BIOINVEST, Russia). The use of the proposed immunomodulatory and antiviral drugs in the scheme of complex therapy of calicivirus infection in cats had a positive effect on the activation of certain stages of immune protection. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that the most effective method of treating calicivirosis in cats is the use of the drug "Feliferon" intramuscularly 200,000 IU, 1 time a day, 5 days in the complex therapeutic scheme.
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF NATURAL FACTORS ON THE CIRCULATION OF RABIES VIRUS AMONG RESERVOIR HOSTS
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Agoltsov Valery Aleksandrovich , Biryukova Oksana Petrovna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Padilo Larisa Pavlovna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Gusev Artur Andreevich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

Wildlife is a reservoir for many pathogens, including the rabies virus. While carnivores (Carnivora) and bats (Chiroptera) are the main orders of mammals acting as natural reservoirs of rabies virus (RABV), the role of most other orders of mammals remains less well known. As a result of the evolution of the pathogen, climatic, landscape changes, anthropogenic impact on wildlife, the characteristics of the main hosts of the rabies virus change, new reservoirs of the virus appear. It has been established that environmental factors affect the circulation of the rabies virus among reservoir hosts in various zones of the global nosoareal of the disease. RABV strains circulate in most terrestrial reservoirs of lissavirus. In North and South America, all variants of the causative agent of the disease are currently strains of rabies virus (RABV). Here, bats are an autonomous source of rabies in humans and pets. There is no RABV in bats on other continents. RABV strains circulate in most terrestrial reservoirs of lissavirus, with the exception of Africa, where IKOV and MOKV have been detected in addition to RABV. Western and part of Central Europe, North America are considered to be free of terrestrial RABV among dogs and foxes as a result of actively implemented national vaccination programs for these animal species, the impact of climatic conditions has affected the survival tactics of the rabies virus. As an adaptation to real conditions, both a slowdown in virus replication and an increase in the number of viral generations due to the growth of the host population can be observed. The adaptation of the virus to the ecology of susceptible animals is manifested in the peculiarities of the pathogenesis of the disease, in the spread of the virus to new geographical territories, in the activation of RABV in previously prosperous territories and in the expansion of the potential range of reservoirs. Currently, RABV is being activated in previously safe territories and the expansion of the modern nosoareal of rabies of wild animals is taking place. New animal species are increasingly being included in the epizootic and epidemic processes of rabies. The problem of unrecognized reservoir species present in the mammalian animal population may have negative consequences for the prediction, prevention and control of rabies.
DEVELOPMENT OF A VACCINE PREPARATION FOR SPECIFIC PREVENTION OF PURULENT-NECROTIC LESIONS OF DISTAL EXTREMITIES OF COWS
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Agoltsov Valery Aleksandrovich , Biryukova Oksana Petrovna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Padilo Larisa Pavlovna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Kalabekov Mutalif Ibragimovich ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V. M. Kokov
Published: October 2024

The causes of purulent-necrotic lesions in cows have been established. The causes of purulent-necrotic lesions of the distal parts in cows in one of the large farms, in addition to an unbalanced diet and disturbances in maintenance, are pathogenic strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphilococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. An associated vaccine from local strains of S. pyogenes, St aigees and E. coli was designed and tested on laboratory animals and cows, with the addition of an immunomodulator prepared with polysaccharides of strain C. albicans No. 253. The vaccine prepared from local strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphilococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and deposited strain C. albicans No. 253 has immunogenic properties and protects laboratory animals from infection with pathogenic cocci and Escherichia. The introduction of Candida albicans antigens containing a polysaccharide-peptidoglycan complex into the associated vaccine increases the immunogenicity of the drug. Currently, the experimental vaccine is undergoing further clinical trials at the Trudovaya stud farm to determine its therapeutic and preventive effectiveness on two groups of animals:1. group – sick cows (with purulent-necrotic lesions of the limbs) – 40 heads; 2. group – clinically healthy cows (for the prevention of the disease) – 40 heads; The first group was vaccinated twice, with an interval of 14 days, with simultaneous local treatment of limb lesions with sulfanilamide preparations and antibiotics. The vaccine was administered to the second group of animals for prophylactic purposes intramuscularly, at a dose of 5.0 ml per head, twice, with an interval of 10-14 days. Preliminary positive results were obtained.
MANAGEMENT OF THE WATER REGIME OF THE SOIL OF CROPS OF A CROPPED PLOT DEPENDING ON WEATHER CONDITIONS ON IRRIGATED LANDS OF THE SARATOV REGION
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Pankova Tatyana Anatolyevna , Orlova Svetlana Sergeevna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Mikheeva Olga Valentinovna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Mirkina Elena Nikolaevna ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

Due to significant global climate change, which leads to a mismatch between the requirements of plants and environmental conditions, the most relevant at present is the placement of crops in places where the reclamation regime (culture requirements for environmental conditions) coincides with environmental conditions in a given place. The manifestations of global climate warming in the Saratov region are expressed in a decrease in the amount of precipitation falling during the main growing season of agricultural crops (May-July), which, against the background of rising air temperature, increases the discrepancy between moisture resources and the need for plants, which leads to large fluctuations in agricultural yields. cultures. Therefore, in the production of agricultural crops, farming systems and crop rotations should be based on agroecological principles, providing for high yields, reproduction of soil fertility, environmentally friendly products, efficient and rational use of irrigation water, which will provide economic efficiency, and serve to restore the ecological balance in the region. An analysis of the current state of irrigated agriculture shows that the possibility of increasing agricultural production is not fully used. Irrigation efficiency is largely reduced due to a violation of the complex of agrotechnical and agro-ameliorative measures, the lack of reasonable crop rotations, non-fulfillment of irrigation plans, insufficient application of organic and mineral fertilizers, as well as the current natural and climatic changes and a number of other reasons. Only the observance of a high culture of agriculture in combination with the whole complex of land reclamation measures will make it possible to obtain high yields of grain and other crops in the Saratov region.
X-RAY MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE CONSOLIDATION OF A FRACTURE OF THE RADIUS OF DOGS DURING INTRAMEDULLARY OSTEOSYNTHESIS WITH WIRES WITH A BIOCOMPOSITE COATING
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Artemyev Dmitry Alekseevich , Kozlov Sergey Vasilievich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Klokov Vladimir Sergeevich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov, Bugaenko Dmitry Alekseevich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

Traumatism of the locomotor system of small unproductive animals is determined in more than 25-35% of cases of the total number of internal non-communicable diseases of animals. As for veterinary traumatology, the problems associated with fractures, deformities, bacterial contamination, and a decrease in osteoconductive and osteoinductive processes have not been fully resolved. Due to the possibility of using various methods of osteosynthesis using a variety of implants, it is advisable to use coatings on these implants in order to satisfy the specified parameters: coating thickness, morphological uniformity, roughness, presence and size of pores, adhesiveness, biointegration, resorption, as well as bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects. which in turn will speed up the consolidation process. This article highlights the results of studies concerning the X-ray pattern of experimental groups of small unproductive animals (dogs) using the developed osteoplastic biocomposite coating applied to the surface of implants (pins) for intramedullary and extrafocal osteosynthesis. The material for the research was X-rays of experimental animals (n=270). The purpose of the scientific study was to provide an X-ray assessment of the skeletal system in simulated fractures of the radius of animals (dogs) and intramedullary osteosynthesis with wires with the developed osteoplastic biocomposite coating. The team of authors, based on the dynamics of X-ray studies, found that the biocomposite coating developed by them provides high biocompatibility with subsequent biointegration into the tissue structures of the regenerate, which prevents the formation of fibrillar connective tissue and cartilage. Thanks to this biocomposite coating, an area of active osteoreparation is formed on all sides of the pin, thereby forming a bone case with osteogenesis conductor and inducer factors with antibacterial action, which regulates the direction of bone structure growth, while conducting long-term stimulation of angiogenesis and bone formation.
OPERATION OF IRRIGATION SYSTEMS OF KRASNODAR KRAI
Authors:   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Hadjidi Alexander Panteleevich , Prikhodko Igor Aleksandrovich ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Romanova Anna Sergeevna ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the consideration of issues related to the operation of irrigation systems, in particular, of the Krasnodar Territory, their device, irrigation sources and their service life. The sources of irrigation, which must be carried out on any types of land care activities, have been identified. The methods of combating water filtration from irrigation channels are shown. The illustrations of the schemes of the dam water intake, which is constructed when the required water levels in the river in its natural state are not provided, and the discharge and irrigation network. Basically, in regions where hot, dry climate prevails, there is the greatest need for irrigation. Water losses for filtration from ponds have been identified. Methods of cleaning channels from silting, which causes them great harm, are presented, representing water pollution caused by solid particles of detrital material, in which silt or clay particles predominate. The article showed the components of the irrigation network. In practice, according to climatic conditions, it is used in a wide variety of areas. Such climates are characterized by low rainfall. In the Krasnodar Territory, around the 1970s, together with the construction of state irrigation systems, irrigation on local runoff developed. This construction prevailed mainly in the northern and north-eastern regions. In total, quite a lot of work has been done on the development of land reclamation in many areas, but most of all in the Kanevsky district. Almost all the farms of the district at that time launched the construction of irrigated areas due to the accumulation of local runoff waters in artificial and natural reservoirs. But it should be noted that all these factors and many others have led to significant costs in reclamation construction in the region. Which, in turn, led to a violation of the ecological balance in the regional ecosystem, as well as to the deterioration of the habitat of the animal and plant world of the Kuban.
THE CONCEPT OF AN INTELLIGENT CONTROL SYSTEM OF PRODUCTION PROCESSES IN CROP PRODUCTION
Authors:   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Starostin Ivan Aleksandrovich , Belyshkina Marina Evgenievna ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Eshchin Alexander Vadimovich ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM, Degtyareva Elena Dmitrievna ,   Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM
Published: October 2024

The operational management of the production process, which includes the identification of negative factors and the elimination (minimization) of their impact, has a significant impact on the productivity of plants and the quality of the products obtained. Negative factors in crop production are diseases, pests, lack of moisture or nutrients, etc. The speed of identifying and eliminating the influence of negative factors, as well as the consequences of their impact, is of high importance. In order to reduce the risks of negative factors affecting agricultural crops, it is necessary to monitor the condition of crops and their environment in real time and predict possible negative impacts. The technological measures are the direct execution of technological operations that meet the requirements of crop cultivation technologies. The goal of any agricultural production is to obtain the highest profit, which consists in producing the largest volume of high-quality products at a high selling price and the lowest production cost. One of the first and main tasks facing the managers and specialists of the organization in the field of crop production is the choice of cultivated crops and the formation of crop rotation, taking into account the agro-climatic, soil and resource constraints of the economy. At the same time, the current situation in the food market should be taken into account and possible changes in market conditions should be predicted. The management system of production processes in crop production requires the development of the following subsystems for the development of optimal management decisions: "Subsystem for the selection of optimal culture", "Subsystem for the selection of the optimal variety (hybrid) of culture", "Subsystem for the formation of optimal cultivation technology", "Subsystem for the formation of the optimal machine and tractor fleet of the organization", "Subsystem for the formation of the optimal staff of the organization". The results obtained from the subsystems are processed by the management system in order to obtain the optimal result: the highest productivity at the lowest cost.
PATHOGENIC AND PHYTOTOXIC PROPERTIES OF FUSARIUM SPP FUNGI. ON SUNFLOWER CROPS IN THE RYAZAN REGION IN 2020
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Kvitko Alexander Viktorovich , Zhemchuzhina Natalia Sergeevna ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Kiseleva Marina Ivanovna ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Elizarova Svetlana Alexandrovna ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology
Published: October 2024

Sunflower is one of the most important agricultural crops cultivated in the central and southern regions of Russia. The high prevalence of fusarioses is noted on sunflower production crops - from 30% to 60%. The study of the species composition of Fusarium fungi collected on sunflower crops in the Ryazan region in 2020, and the study of the pathogenicity and phytotoxicity of micromycetes selected to replenish the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms of the VNIIF State Research Institute were the purpose of the research. On all samples collected on sunflower crops in the Ryazan region in 2020, symptoms of diseases caused by species of fungi of the genus Fusarium were detected. Eight species of Fusarium fungi were isolated from roots, stems and leaves into a pure culture and identified: Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht., Fusarium heterosporum Nees & T. Nees, Fusarium sambucinum Fuckel. (syn. Fusarium roseum Link), Fusarium acuminatum Ellis & Everh., Fusarium sporotrichioides Swerb., Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc. (syn. Fusarium gibbosum Appel &Wollenw), Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc., Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld. The results of the influence of metabolites of spore suspensions and filtrates of culture fluids of 10 strains of fungi from the genus Fusarium on the development of sunflower seedlings of S. Sanei (germination of seeds, length of the sprout and roots) were determined. It is shown that the pathogenic activity of fungi both between Fusarium species and within the same species differs significantly: from the absence of signs of the influence of spore suspensions on the development of seedlings to significant inhibition of growth. Phytotoxic activity against sunflower seedlings varied from medium to high.
THE EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES ON THE EARLY STAGES OF ONTOGENESIS OF SOFT WHEAT SEEDLINGS
Authors:   Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky, Beletskaya Ekaterina Yakovlevna , Krotova Lyudmila Anatolyevna ,   Omsk State University named after F.M. Dostoevsky
Published: October 2024

One of the factors of ensuring food and environmental security of the Russian Federation and other states is the preservation of existing and the creation of innovative genetic resources of cultivated plants. The future productivity of soft wheat plays the most important role in the global food security of the world's population. However, a decrease in the level of genetic diversity of cultivated wheat varieties everywhere can lead to a loss of stability of grain production. In this regard, a large–scale search is being conducted around the world for inducers of genetic diversity of wheat varieties, which will allow to resist environmental stressors of the environment, including its phytopathogenic environment. In order to create the initial breeding material, the mutagenic activity of a new generation of fungicides was studied: AltSil, Alcazar, Terrasil and Comfort. It was found that their effect leads to a multiple increase in the shaping process in wheat populations. The increase in the scope of variability expands the boundaries of the selection of valuable biotypes for practical breeding. When studying the morphometric features of experimental populations, varietal specificity in the reaction to the effects of fungicides was revealed. Due to the higher mutability of the Silvery variety, it is recommended for creating new forms for possible use in the breeding process.
PRODUCTIVITY OF PLANTINGS AND QUALITY OF WINE PRODUCTION OF THE CHARDONNAY VARIETY WITH NON-ROOT TOP DRESSING BY DIFFERENT GROUPS OF ELEMENTS
Authors:   North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Lukyanov Alexey Alexandrovich , Dergunov Alexander Vyacheslavovich ,   North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture, Mikhailovsky Stanislav Sergeevich ,   North Caucasus Federal Scientific Center of Horticulture
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of many years of research on the study of the effect of non-root preparations of various composition and system of influence on the grape plant. Investigating the technical variety of Chardonnay grapes, the main attention, along with the yield, was paid to the quality and organoleptic value of wine products from infertile soil areas. The objects of research were grapes and wine of the Chardonnay variety with variants of treatment with non-root preparations (Gumel Lux, Phylloton, Agrumax). The experience of studying the effect of foliar fertilizing on the productivity of the grape plant and the quality of wine was laid in the Anapa district on grape plantations grafted on the rootstock of Berlandieri x Riparia Kober 5BB 2006 planting according to the scheme of 3x1.5 meters, the formation of a double-shouldered cordon Kazenava. The results of research in 2019-2021 showed that the treatment of grape bushes growing on conditionally suitable soil with the studied preparations of non-root action had a positive effect on the yield and technological qualities of Chardonnay grapes. The best result in yield was given by the variants treated with Agrumax and Gumel Lux -9.7 and 9.4 kg/bush, respectively. Wine materials with variants of treatment with Gumel Lux and Phylloton preparations proved to be the most extractive in the experiment, which affected the taste qualities of these samples. According to the organoleptic parameters in the year of the study, a variant of wine material from grapes treated with Gumel Lux proved to be the best.
RESULTS OF BENCH TESTS OF PLUNGER PAIRS RECOVERED USING NANOCOMPOSITION CHROME PLATING
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Safonov Valentin Vladimirovich , Shishurin Sergey Alexandrovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Gorbushin Pavel Alexandrovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Mandrov Sergey Alexandrovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of bench tests of serially manufactured plunger pairs of high-pressure fuel pumps (fuel injection pumps) of YAMZ-238ND3 diesel, restored using existing technology with the use of chromium-based electroplating and restored using the proposed technology with the use of chromium-based nanocomposition electroplating. The studies were conducted according to the OST 23.1-364-81 on mass-produced plunger pairs, plunger pairs restored according to the standard technology of restoration at repair enterprises and plunger pairs restored according to the proposed technology in the laboratory of applying hardening coatings of the Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov. The method of bench accelerated wear tests implied the addition of abrasive particles to diesel fuel. The abrasive material consisted of quartz particles with dimensions of 3...5 microns at an abrasive concentration of 0.015 g/kg. The tests were carried out using the stand KI-22205-01 GOSNITI at the number of revolutions of the cam shaft 830 min-1. The test time was 130 hours. Every 10 hours, the starting cycle fuel supply was recorded on the reference fuel pump, which did not participate in the testing process. After the tests, the plunger pairs were checked for water tightness using the installation of the KI-759 model. The limiting value limiting the operability of the plunger pairs of the YAMZ-238ND3 injection pump was the starting cyclic fuel supply, which should not be lower than 180 mm3/cycle. As a result of the tests, it was found that all the tested fuel injection pumps did not reach the limit state. At the end of the tests, the cyclic starting supply of plunger pairs restored by nanocomposition galvanic chrome plating decreased by an average of 7.6%; restored by base chrome plating – by an average of 10.5%; serial – by an average of 13.8%. The hydraulic density of plunger pairs restored by nanocomposition galvanic chrome plating averaged 18 s, restored by base galvanic chrome plating – 16 with, serial – 15 s.
THE STATE OF THE DETOXIFICATION SYSTEM OF THE LIVER IN ACUTE GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDER OF CALVES AND ITS CORRECTION WITH THE PREPARATIVE FORM OF HYPÉRICUM PERFORATUM
Authors:   All-Russian State Center for Quality and Standardization of Medicines for Animals and Feed, Sklyarov Oleg Dmitrievich , Rakhmatullin Emil Kasymovich ,   Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Agoltsov Valery Aleksandrovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Chernykh Oleg Yuryevich ,   Kropotkin Regional Veterinary Laboratory
Published: October 2024

Hyperico is a combined drug aimed at the treatment of diarrhea and relief of endogenous intoxication in acute gastrointestinal disorders in farm animals. Studies have established that Hyperico has pronounced therapeutic efficacy in acute gastrointestinal disorders in calves. in sick calves before the use of Hyperico, the amount of albumin, glucose, the activity of LDH and amylase enzymes were significantly lower than in clinically healthy animals of the control group, respectively, by 27%; 63.8; 23.6% and 44.2%. The amount of total protein, bilirubin, urea, creatinine and the activity of the enzymes AsAT, AlAT were significantly high at 24,1%; 138,9%; 133,3%; 43,2%; 157,3% and 196.4%, respectively. A significant increase in the amount of bilirubin, the activity of transamination enzymes, a decrease in the activity of amylase, LDH indicate that endogenous intoxication occurs with diarrhea. Metabolic and functional metabolic disorders in almost all organs and systems of the body lead to a complex pathogenetic complex - endogenous intoxication. The predominance of catabolic processes over anabolic ones leads to decompensation of the body's regulatory systems and accumulation of proteolytic enzymes, kinins and other biologically active products of protein dehydration, inflammatory mediators, etc. in toxic concentrations. The accumulation of toxic substances in the body leads to impaired liver function. A day after the introduction of Hyperic, a decrease in the amount of total protein was observed. The activity of the enzyme AST, ALT, the amount of bilirubin, creatinine and urea were not significantly high. LDH and amylase activity did not decrease significantly. When studying the biochemical parameters of blood on the 5th and 10th days, there was no significant difference between the indicators of the experimental group and healthy calves. After its application, protein, carbohydrate metabolism and liver function are restored, as well as blood biochemical parameters. The drug has no toxic effect, is safe and relieves endogenous intoxication.after the application of Hyperico, the improvement of biochemical parameters of the blood of experimental calves occurs on the 5th day. These data indicate that the drug quickly penetrates into the body of animals after application and has a hepatoprotective and therapeutic effect.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE FOOD AND PROCESSING INDUSTRIES OF THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX ON THE BASIS OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Vorotnikov Igor Leonidovich , Kolotyrin Konstantin Pavlovich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Romanov Alexander Valerievich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: October 2024

The article discusses issues related to the transition of food industries to a digital technological way. At the moment, there is a lack of use of digital technologies in the food industry, which affects the competitiveness of the domestic food industry in international markets. The use of digital technologies in the food industry will make it possible to adapt more quickly to changing needs, as shown by the pandemic that began in 2020. Enterprises using digital tools, despite serious restrictions, were able to increase their revenues and enter new markets. Another important aspect of the digitalization of the food industry is information accessibility, both for consumers and for businesses. At the same time, the digital transformation of the food industry is associated with a number of difficulties, including lack of funding, insufficient motivation of producers to implement information technologies at their enterprises, lack of educational skills and competencies of staff. The problem of interrelation of scientific and educational organizations with enterprises in the field of information technology development is particularly acute. To solve these problems, a set of organizational and economic tools is proposed based on state incentives for programs and projects for the digital development of the food industry. Stimulating measures on the part of the state, including the provision of preferential loans and leasing, the provision of tax benefits, as well as compensation of insurance premiums for the insurance of digital transformation projects, act as tools for the development of digital technologies in the food industry. In order to increase the efficiency of the use of digital technologies in the food industry, it is proposed to develop such development institutions as venture funds, business incubators, accelerators, etc.
TAX INCENTIVES FOR INNOVATIVE DEVELOPMENT AT THE ENTERPRISES OF THE ENERGY INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Russian State Academy of Intellectual Property, Pyataeva Olga Alekseevna
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of variable forecasting of project implementation opportunities at energy sector enterprises in the modern economy of the Russian Federation. The author analyzed the world and Russian experience of introducing innovative technologies in the energy sector using tax instruments. Further, the most effective tools used abroad to intensify the activity of enterprises in the implementation of energy-saving projects were briefly outlined. The section "Methodology" identifies priority approaches to forecasting in the segment of energy saving projects. The author also emphasizes the fact that the development and implementation of tax incentives for innovation in this area is fragmentary; the conclusion is made about the actual absence of such measures, as well as the practice of developing and applying tax incentives in the Russian Federation. The section "Results and discussion" presents options for predictive calculations carried out taking into account the presented approaches. The possibilities of modeling energy efficiency parameters are investigated; thus, it is established that the amount of budget revenues will differ when using different periods of accelerated depreciation; at the same time, budget revenues will also be different. The relationship between budget revenues and the chosen option for calculating the depreciation period of equipment used in a particular project is also noted and illustrated. In conclusion, proposals are presented for the formation of a model for evaluating the effectiveness of energy-saving projects using tax instruments, as well as promising research vectors (for example, other factors affecting the final efficiency of energy-saving projects can be taken into account).
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIVERSIFICATION IN THE AGRICULTURAL SECTOR OF THE ECONOMY
Authors:   Russian Academy of Staffing of the Agro-Industrial Complex, Mozhaev Evgeniy Evgenievich , Markov Andrey Kirillovich ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Phytopathology, Vasilyeva Inna Vladimirovna ,   Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University
Published: October 2024

The issue of disclosing the essence (definition) of the concept of "diversification" in modern economic theory is relevant. This is due not only to conceptual theoretical approaches, but also to the development of a global process of diversification in the real sector of the economy, including the agro-industrial complex. The article considers the existing interpretations (interpretations) of this concept and highlights its distinctive features. The analysis of various interpretations of diversification in various sources was carried out. The definitions are quite heterogeneous, it is quite difficult to form an unambiguous idea of what is meant by diversification based on them. This is due to its use in various fields. Based on the definitions of diversification discussed above, we came to the conclusion that one of its distinguishing features is diversity, or rather its expansion, which can be expressed in an increase in the range of products, types of production, and the emergence of new areas of activity. As a feature of the research approach of various authors, their views on interpretation are united by the fact that they consider diversification in the economy at various levels. Among the possible types of diversification, we believe, such types can be distinguished as: structural, sectoral - depending on the level of the economic system. Depending on the scope of application - financial, industrial, trade, infrastructure, etc. Depending on the territorial / local principle - internal (intracompany) and external (associated with entering new sales markets). The study of the theoretical foundations of diversification led to the conclusion that the conceptual foundations of diversification need to be improved. The heterogeneity of the structure of production in the agricultural sector, as well as the heterogeneity of the structure of the economy in rural areas, necessitates the development of a systematic approach to diversification in relation to the agricultural sector (or better, the need for a comprehensive consideration of diversification in relation to the agricultural sector and the allocation of its backbone elements.
THE PROBLEM OF CYBERCRIME IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITALIZATION OF THE ECONOMY
Authors:   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI) (Makhachkala Branch), Abakarov Abakar Adamkadievich , Igitov Shamil Magomedovich ,   Moscow Automobile and Road Construction State Technical University (MADI) (Makhachkala Branch), Abakarov Ali Abakarovich ,   Automobile and Highway College
Published: October 2024

Information technology today has become an integral part of every sphere of everyday life. Nowadays it is difficult to imagine the functioning of all spheres of life without the help of electronic, computer, network and many other technologies. However, with the development of technology, a new form of crime has emerged, the object of encroachment on computers and computer networks. The global Internet is one of the most vulnerable places of criminal encroachment for persons operating in the virtual space, whose victims can be both legal and natural persons, and states! Cybercrime today has gained some kind of transformation. If in previous years the main goal of hackers was to cause damage to a large number of users, today their main goal is mainly a financial result, the victim of which is a specific enterprise or organization! The growth in the level of cybercrime, as well as the growing professionalism of cybercriminals, contributes not only to the creation of global threats that hinder the socio-economic development of states, losses in the financial sector, from which they then recover for a long time, but also the loss of large investors who move to the American and European markets. Also, one of the factors in the growth of cybercrime are features: which allow hackers to perform any acts anonymously; lack of direct contact with a potential victim: as well as a high level of impunity for persons committing hacker actions on the Internet! This paper discusses the concept of cybercrime, its characteristics and features, as well as methods for reducing it, which hinders the development of the digital economy (digital business).
APPROACHES TO MODELING PROBABILISTIC PROCESSES OF LABOR RESOURCES USE
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Yuzbekov Zeidula Kadimalievich , Amirov Alikadi Temirbekovich ,   Moscow Automobile and Road State Technical University (MADI) (Makhachkala branch), Amirov Rasul Alikadievich ,   Dagestan State University of National Economy
Published: October 2024

Modern challenges impose new requirements on the labor market, new production technologies are being introduced, the demand for employment is changing, it is necessary to form effective mechanisms for regulating labor processes. The key factor influencing the development of enterprises is the "human" potential, effective management of human resources. It seems important to develop approaches to building an appropriate system that promotes an effective labor process. The article is devoted to the modeling of probabilistic processes of the use of labor resources. It is noted that the task of an integrated approach to labor surplus management is to solve three main tasks: the selection of the most effective programs for solving the problem and measures for their implementation depending on the specific conditions of a particular region; the development, selection and implementation of strategies to ensure optimal values of reliability parameters of a combination of measures; comparative analysis of the real (actual) and the optimal (planned) levels of significant reliability indicators. The necessity of establishing the necessary stable links between various sectors of the region is emphasized. The stability of regional processes of using reserves with an increase in the number of industries and industries can be stabilized by resorting to the method of increasing reliability – the method of redundancy. In relation to the regional systems under consideration, this means an increase in the degree of complex formation in their sectoral structures. Internal and external factors of the organization influencing labor indicators, identification of reserves of efficiency of use of labor resources are noted. Economically acceptable are only those strategies for managing the probabilistic nature of labor surplus, in the implementation of which the growth of sustainability ensures the outstripping growth of socio-economic parameters of the regional economy.
FINANCIAL ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY OF INDUSTRIES OF THE RUSSIAN ECONOMY
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu.A., Yakunina Alla Viktorovna , Ermakova Elena Alekseevna ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu.A., Yakunin Sergey Vadimovich ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu.A., Semernina Yulia Vyacheslavovna ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarin Yu.A.
Published: October 2024

In the context of global global instability, the search for development paths is a priority for the entire Russian economy and individual companies. The sanctions imposed against Russia will affect the sectors of the country's economy to varying degrees. In many ways, the complexity of the situation is due not to momentary processes, but to accumulated problems and trends. The established way of life ensured the survival of organizations with varying degrees of efficiency. In recent years, the capital structure of a number of leading sectors of the Russian economy has been characterized by a low level of own funds. For the purposes of the study, the types of economic activities were ranked by the value of the autonomy coefficient and grouped depending on the share of equity capital in the capital structure of organizations. This made it possible to identify a negative pattern: for industries that collectively form about 55% of the added value in the country, more than half of the capital structure is borrowed funds. Analytically identified groups of industries whose activities are most dependent on debt financing. With regard to financially unstable industries, a comprehensive analysis of financial and tax indicators was carried out and it was demonstrated that a combination of low financial stability, insufficient solvency and low profitability makes organizations within these types of activities, on average, highly financially vulnerable when interest rates rise. The article compares the indicators of the tax burden with an emphasis on the share in value added in relation to selected groups of industries. The conclusion is made about the excessively high tax burden on manufacturing industries. The need in the short term for the widespread use of sectoral support measures is substantiated.