bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kemampuan Kerja dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan PT. Semen Tonasa Kabupaten Pangkep
Authors: Nurhaedah Nurhaedah , Mardjuni Sukmawati , Saleh H.M Yusuf
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this research is to know the magritude of the influence of the working ability and motivation work towards job satifaction and performance of employees. As well as to know the influence of job sansfaction of the employess en performance. The population in this study as many 232 employees, determining the number of sampel using sloving formula with a sample of 70 employees. The sampel using purpose sampling technique, the study analyzed by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the help of software Smart PLS 2 basaed variance.From the result of the regression in obtai n(1) the result and research shows that the positive effect of work ability and significantly to job satisfaction. (2) the result of the analysis of the influence of work on perpormance capabilities of employees shows there is significant and positive influence amongst (3) he working the analysisand the research shows there is a positive and significant influance between the motivation of working towards job satisfaction the thirtd hypothesis as proven the result of (4) the analysis on the research indicates there is a positive and significant influence between the working motivation afects so (9) this hypotesis proved the result on the analysis the research indicates there is a positive and significant influence between the job satisfaction on performance.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui besarnya pengaruh kemampuan kerja dan motivasi kerja terhadap kepuasan kerja dan kinerja karyawan, serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh kepuasan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah karyawan dan karyawati pada PT. Semen Tonasa di Kabupaten Pangkep Divisi Sumber Daya Manusia yasebanyak 232 karyawan, penentuan jumlah sampel menggunakan rumus slovin dengan jumlah 70 karyawan. Penentuan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, penelitian ini dianalisis melalui Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) dengan bantuan software Smart PLS 2 berbasis varians. Dari hasil analisis dan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) kemampuan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. (2) Kemampuan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. (3) Motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. (4) Motivasi kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan. (5) Kepuasan kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja karyawan pada PT. Semen Tonasa di Kabupaten Pangkep
Think Subscores Are a Helpful Form of Feedback? Think Again
Authors: Royal Kenneth D. , Hedgpeth Mari-Wells
Published: June 2018

Many educators believe subscores offer an easy approach for (1) discerning what students know/can do, and (2) providing more analytical feedback to students. In addition, many educators use subscores as a tool for guiding targeted remediation in specific areas of study. Unfortunately, there are several significant problems associated with subscores, and such beliefs and practices may be problematic and ill-advised. The purpose of this article is to address some of the problems relating to subscores in classroom assessment scenarios and to encourage educators to be cautious of these often deceptive and problematic measures.
MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA MELALUI PENERAPAN METODE QUANTUM TEACHING DI MADRASAH ALIYAH NAHDATUL ULAMA BATANG TORU
Authors: Herdiani Herdiani , Tuah Sahlan , Ginting N
Published: June 2018

This research was carried outMadrasah Aliyah Nahdatul Ulama Batang Toru years lessons 2015-2016.This type of research is Research Action class (Classroom Action Research) using two cycles of learning. Each cycle starting from the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data collecting techniques used is the test of creativity and observation. Data collection tools used is sheet tests the creativity and student activity observation sheet. Based on the results of the research action class that do obtain test results of creativity learning of biology students ranging from cycle to cycle I II was 1872 with an average of 72.0 with thepercentage of completeness (61.5%) and cycle II 2191 with an average completeness percentage with 84.27 (84.62%). Based on the analysis of data obtained the value of the observation activities of students in cycle I of 66.92% and cycle II of 82.30% observation rating and performance teacher at 67.25% of cycle I and cycle II of 92.9%. In cycle II, has experienced an increase of cycle I and already meets the criteria of research indicators of achievement, then this study finalized on cycle II.Keywords:Creativity, Quantum Teaching method, structure and function of plant tissue.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR BIOLOGI SISWA MELALUI PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE GROUP INVESTIGATION (GI)
Authors: Nasution Fitra Halimah , Hasibuan Iskandar Safri , Lubis Jalilah Azizah
Published: June 2018

The results can be seen from the test results of student learning on Ecosystem materials are characterized by the level of student learning mastery. In cycle I with an average value of 78.10 and in cycle II with an average value of 84.48. From the average value ofcycleIandcycle II there is an average increase of 13.25. The percentage value in cycle I is 72,41% with enough qualification. And the percentage in cycle II equal to 86,20% with very good qualification. From the results of the test cycle I and cycle II has been an increase in percentage of 13.79%. Student learning activities increase by using the GI learning model. The value of activity percentage in cycle I is 69,4% with enough qualification. In the second cycle of 80.9% with very good qualifications. From the results of student learning activities in cycle I and in cycle II has been an increase in thepercentage of 11.5%. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that there is an increase in student biology learning outcomes through cooperative learning model type Group Investigation (GI) on Ecosystem material in class X MA. Muhammadiyah 06 Kotanopan as prescribed in the action hypothesis in Chapter II so that the hypothesis of this action is acceptable. Keywords:Learning Outcomes, Application of Cooperative Learning Model Type Group Investigation (GI), Ecosystem.
UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR FISIKA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SIKLUS (LEARNING CYCLE ”5E”) DI SMP NEGERI 1PANYABUNGAN
Authors: Darwis Darwis , Ariaji Rizky
Published: June 2018

The problem in this research is the low interest of physics student learning influence to the success of a process of physics learning. To overcome this problem, this research applied learning cycle model (Learning Cycle "5E"). This study aims to improve students' learning creativity, student learning activities, teachers' ability to manage learning and students' interest in physical learning through learning cycle model (Learning Cycle "5E") on Cubes and Balok subjects in class VIII-2 SMP Negeri 4 Angkola Timur. Data analysis shows that for the cycle I there is increase cycle II. The result of observation of student activity on cycle I obtained by cycle II increase. Observation on the ability of teachers to manage to learn in cycle I am in the category of "good," and for cycle II there is an increase that is in the category of "very good". The above conclusions suggest that the implementation of the learning cycle model (Learning Cycle "5E") can be used in an effort to increase the students' learning interest in physics and to the teacher, it is expected to implement the learning cycle model (Learning Cycle "5E") on other subjects on physics lessons or appropriate subjects. Keywords: Student Learning Interest, Learning Cycle Model "5e".
ENERAPAN METODE TANYA JAWAB DENGAN TEKNIK MENUNTUN DAN MENGGALI UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA KELAS VIII SMP NEGERI 1 PURBA TAHUN PEMBELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Hartati Risma , Simanullang Hertati
Published: June 2018

This research was carried out in SMP N 1 Purba Year 2016/2017 semester Learning Ancient odd located at Jalan Merdeka No. 16 Tiga Runggu. The subject in this study is grade VIII totaling 36 persons while the object of the research was the application of faqs for improving student learning outcomes. This type of research this is a class action research consists of two cycles. Tools used in the collection of data is a test, and teachers did and provided at the time of learning to take place to find out the results of the learning improvement of IPS students. The results showed that pre cycle data on the results of the study, IPS has an average of 36%. There are 23 students who completely (36%) fewer criteria and 23 students who do not complete (64%). On cycle I student learning results increased by an average of 53%. There are 19 students who finished (53%). Criteria that are not completely there are 17 students (47%). In cycle II, experiencing an increase of an average of 92% with and detailed contained 33 students who are finished (92%) and three students who do not complete (8%). Individually grade VIII has declared the results of the study, IPS are high after learning by using learning faqs. Keywords: Method of questioning, Learning Outcomes.
PENINGKATAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR FISIKA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN FISIKA GASING PADA SISWA KELAS X-2 SMA NEGERI 1 PINANGSORI TAHUN PELAJARAN 2016/2017
Authors: Ali Muhammad
Published: June 2018

Research action class it aims to find out if a top physics learning can improve student learning outcomes and activities. The research consists of two cycles are performed in class X-2 SMA Negeri 1 Pinangsori Central Tapanuli Regency who numbered 33 students. The characteristics of this class have a liveliness and low learning outcomes than classroom X others. Indicators of success for the liveliness of the students at least 75%, and indicators of the results of the study classical at least 85% of the number of students who take the test. During the research showed an increase in the activities and achievements of student learning of the cycle I to cycle II. On cycle I nthe average ilai psychomotor students end of the cycle I of 75.85 became 79.26 end cycle II, the affective value of scientific attitude on cycle I with an average of 78.03 and rose to 80.74 on cycle II. Analysis of the cognitive learning of students obtained through exam results per cycle is done per cycle. Improvement of cognitive learning results seen from the average value obtained before students cycle 65 ketuntasan with 31%, end of cycle I average of 73.52 with ketuntasan 6 3.64 % and the end of sklus II becomes 78, 1 8 with ketuntasan 87.88 %. From the results of the research, it can be concluded that the application of learning physics top can increase the activity and results of the study physics in grade students X-2 SMA Negeri 1 Pinangsori. Keywords: activity, the results of the study and a top Physics.
Ultrasonic navigation – a single way for identification of brachial plexus nerves in patient with severe vascular pathology
Authors: Chaplinsky R. P. , Perepelitsa O. Yu. , Perepelitsa E. E. , Levy M. V. , Omelchenko-Seliukova A. V.
Published: June 2018

The article discusses the successful experience of using ultrasound imaging of the brachial plexus nerves to perform a supraclavicular block of the brachial plexus with an additional block of n. cutaneus brachii medialis and n. intercostobrachialis in a patient with severe vascular pathology with lack of sensitivity and movements in the hand. The authors describe this technique in detail.
Complex approach to treatment of the carpal tunnel syndrome, with the use of methods of manual therapy
Authors: Yevdokymov V. A. , Romaliyskaya O. V.
Published: June 2018

42 people with diagnosed carpal tunnel syndrome were examined. It was found that in the complex treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome, along with standard therapy in the form of preparations of alpha-lipoic acid and pentoxyfylline, there are effective mobilization and traction techniques of the wrist, elbow joint, as well as post-isometric relaxation of m. deltoideus, m. infraspinatus, m. supraspinatus, m. minor and major teres, m. subscapularis, m. pectoralis minor.
Multimodal perioperative analgesia with minimally invasive interventions on the mammary gland
Authors: Korenyuk D. E. , Tkachuk A. G. , Terzi Yu. M. , Lagunov V. Ya. , Antonenko A. G. , Kolokolnikova E. V.
Published: June 2018

The article presents the study of the use of parenteral forms of drugs Infulgan and Nalbuphine on the base of the Regional Mammological Center and the Department of Anesthesiology N 1 of Clinical Oncology Dispensary (Dnipro). We have generalized the experience of using these agents as part of multimodal perioperative analgesia in 15 patients who underwent a vacuum aspiration biopsy of the mammary gland using the “Mammotome HH” device. We assessed the intensity of pain in the postoperative period and the need for additional anesthesia. The results of the study showed that the pre-emptive multimodal analgesia with the use of par cetamol in the form of an infusion of Nalbuphine was effective and safe for perioperative analgesia in outpatient minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic operations on breast tissue. Such anesthesia made it possible to reduce the doses of anaesthetics used in the postoperative period, facilitating the return of patients to a full life after breast vacuum aspiration biopsy. Our experience may be recommended for relief of the pain syndrome after minimally invasive surgery interventions.
Kinesiotaping as one of the methods of treatment of low back pain syndrome
Authors: Babelyuk D. V. , Polihas Y. M.
Published: June 2018

About 80 % of adults feel pain in their backs at a definite moment of life. That’s also the most frequent reason why people lose their efficiency. It’s also the key factor due to which workable people miss their working days. Recently, the frequency of sickness rate of low back pain syndrome is getting higher and higher. For examples, according to the data of the organization, which aims at analyzing pathological conditions and diseases, which cause death or looseness of efficiency, in 1990 in the USA, low back pain syndrome took the sixth place, but in 2010 back pain went up to the third place, giving the way only to ischemic heart disease (IHD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). So, we can imagine how common, widespread and serious for modern world became the problem of back pain. That’s why, only now doctors throughout the world are starting to form their separate individual researches into one qualitative and useful list of recommendations to begin an effective fight with this serious medical and social problem. Kinesiotaping (“kinesio” – movement + “tape”) – is an effective treatment and rehabilitation method of muscle and joints injuries with the help of special elastic tapes – namely kinesio tapes. The article focuses on the method of kinesiotaping and the ways of its usage for treating low back pain syndrome. The research also highlights the history of appearance and development of kinesiotaping as a method of treatment, physiological features of kinesio tape and ways of its usage in everyday medical practice. Besides analyzing recent researches in this field we provide descriptions of three clinical cases from our own medical practice which proves the effectiveness of kinesiotaping in the complex treatment of low back pain syndrome. After deep analysis of the patients’ condition we can state that due to kinesiotaping which is used together with other physiotherapeutic methods and exercises, they recover quickly than those who do not undergo kinesiotaping procedures.
Socialisms in the Tsarist Borderlands
Authors: Marzec Wiktor , Turunen Risto
Published: June 2018

This article presents a conceptual history of socialism in two Western borderlands
of the Russian Empire—namely, the Kingdom of Poland and the
Grand Duchy of Finland. A contrastive comparison is used to examine the
birth, dissemination, and breakthrough of the concept from its first appearance
until the Revolution of 1905. The concept entered Polish political conversation
as a self-applied label among émigrés in the 1830s, whereas the
opponents of socialism made it famous in Finland in the 1840s in Swedish
and in the 1860s in Finnish. When socialism became a mass movement at
the turn of the century, socialist parties (re)defined the concept through
underground leaflets and brochures in Poland, and through a legal labor
press in Finland. In both cases, the Revolution of 1905 meant the final democratization
of socialism, attaching more meanings to the concept and
making it the most discussed ism of modern politics.
Among Cannibals and Headhunters
Authors: Newlin Keith
Published: June 2018

Why did London place his life and those of his crew at risk of imminent death when he voyaged to the Solomon Islands in 1908, a region he believed to be filled with cannibals and headhunters? Based on archival sources, the books London had read to prepare himself for the voyage, and recent ethno-history of the region, this article argues that London’s voyage did not occasion a more enlightened view of race, as some recent scholars have argued; indeed, his months in the Solomon Islands confirmed the racialist cast of his thinking. London undertook his journey into a region he perceived as dangerous as part of a sense of adventure that depended on demonstrating courage and manliness, and in the process he acted as a metaphoric headhunter himself.
The Spanish Civil War Described by Two Women Travelers
Authors: Mulligan Maureen
Published: June 2018

This article contrasts two accounts by women written between 1936 and 1939 describing their experiences of Spain during the Spanish Civil War. The aim is to question how far travel writers have a political and ethical relation to the place they visit and to what extent they deal with this in their texts. The global politics of travel writing and the distinction between colonial and cosmopolitan travel writers affect the way a foreign culture is articulated for the home market through discursive and linguistic strategies. The texts are Kate O’Brien’sFarewell Spain(1937) and Gamel Woolsey’sDeath’s Other Kingdom: A Spanish Village in 1936(1939). The conclusions suggest women adopt a range of positions toward the Spanish conflict, depending on their personal commitment and their contact with local people, but their concern to articulate the experience of others in time of crisis has a strong ethical component.
Misreading Generalised Writing: From Foucault to Speculative Realism and New Materialism
Authors: Basile Jonathan
Published: June 2018

Misreadings of Derrida's Of Grammatology were prevalent from the time of its debut (Foucault, Deleuze and Guattari), up to the present day (Speculative Realism and New Materialism). For fifty years, Derrida's generalised textuality has been misread as though he meant there was nothing outside text in the traditional sense. This misreading always serves to re-institute notions of linear temporal progress, either among self-styled avant-garde authors who would like to break with past traditions, or among self-styled conservatives who hope to repeat them. If the binaries that divide these works from past texts are undecidable, the ground for such temporal progress disappears, along with the divisions by which we create linear narratives of history. The misreading of Derrida is an attempt to exorcise this undecidability and regain the intellectual and market value of novelty or repetition.
Affirming a Weak Force: The Pious Vow of an Animal to Come?
Authors: De Michele Giustino
Published: June 2018

The appearance, in 1967, of the name of Jacques Derrida on the scene of contemporary thought was indeed plural; given the number of books published under his signature in that year, but also, more intrinsically, because this appearance was declined under a contradictory aegis: since the beginning, the problem of writing had to struggle between ‘two interpretations of interpretation’, one affirmative, the other nostalgic, between a Nietzschean affirmation and a Rousseauist reverie. This internal debate carried on its labour, remarking itself much later at the surface of the page, according to more or less conscious protocols. This contribution retraces the terms of this conflict starting from two problems, if not words, where this conflict finds a very economical condensation: ‘pity’ and ‘weak force’, the problems of compassion for the living and of the hyperbole of political interpellation, in the short-circuit that takes shape between the ‘economy of pity’ (1967) and the ‘question of the animal’ (1997).
Optimization of Split Transmitter-Receiver Digital Nonlinearity Compensation in Bi-Directional Raman Unrepeatered System
Authors: Zheng Qiang , Yuan Zhilin , Li Yuan , Li Wei
Published: June 2018

A theoretical model of the nonlinear signal-to-noise interaction (NSNI) in a bi-directional Raman amplified system with receiver-side digital back-propagation (DBP) or split-DBP is given, which is helpful for the design of such a system. In the proposed model, the distributed Raman gain and the spontaneous Raman scattering are taken into account. The results of the theoretical calculation are compared with the results of transmission simulations, which indicates that the theoretical model matches well with the results of simulations when the pre-compensation length is less than 100 km. For the cases of pre-compensation lengths more than 100 km, the theoretical model has an error of less than 0.1 dB compared with the simulations. By using the theoretical model, the efficiency of the split-DBP is analyzed, and the results are compared with transmission simulations. Both the results of theoretical calculation and simulations show that the split-DBP can effectively mitigate the NSNI in such a system. By adopting split-DBP, with an appropriate pre-compensation length, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the signal increases by about 1 dB. In addition, the impact of the double Rayleigh scattering (DRB) is also analyzed using the proposed model, and the results show that DRB has little impact on the system.
Antiviral Drugs for EBV
Authors: Pagano Joseph S. , Whitehurst Christopher B. , Andrei Graciela
Published: June 2018

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infects up to 95% of the adult human population, with primary infection typically occurring during childhood and usually asymptomatic. However, EBV can cause infectious mononucleosis in approximately 35–50% cases when infection occurs during adolescence and early adulthood. Epstein–Barr virus is also associated with several B-cell malignancies including Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, and post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease. A number of antiviral drugs have proven to be effective inhibitors of EBV replication, yet have resulted in limited success clinically, and none of them has been approved for treatment of EBV infections.
Annealed Low Energy States in Frustrated Large Square Josephson Junction Arrays
Authors: Lankhorst Martijn , Brinkman Alexander , Hilgenkamp Hans , Poccia Nicola , Golubov Alexander
Published: June 2018

Numerical simulations were done to find low energy states in frustrated large square Josephson Junction arrays in a perpendicular magnetic field using simulated annealing on the coupled RSJ model. These simulations were made possible by a new algorithm suitable for parallel gpu computing and reduced complexity. Free boundary conditions were used so that values of the frustration factor f that are incommensurate with the array size are permitted. The resulting energy as a function of f is continuous with logarithmic discontinuities in the derivative dE/df at rational frustration factors f=p/q with small q, substantiating the mathematical proof that this curve is continuous and further showing that the staircase state hypothesis is incorrect. The solution shows qualitative similarities with the lowest energy branch of the Hofstadter butterfly, which is a closely related problem. Furthermore, it is found that at the edge of an array there are either extra vortices or missing vortices depending the frustration factor, and the width of this region is independent of the array size.
Microbial Diversity: The Gap between the Estimated and the Known
Authors: Vitorino Luciana , Bessa Layara
Published: June 2018

The ecological and biotechnological services that microorganisms provide to the planet and human society highlight the need to understand and preserve microbial diversity, which is widely distributed, challenging the severity of certain environments. Cataloging this diversity has also challenged the methods that are currently used to isolate and grow microorganisms, because most of the microbiota that are present in environmental samples have been described as unculturable. Factors such as geographic isolation and host preference also hinder the assessment of microbial diversity. However, prejudiced historical practices, including the prioritization of some species of microorganisms merely because they cause diseases, have long shifted research on fungi and bacteria towards medically relevant microorganisms. Thus, most microorganisms that inhabit the planet are still unknown, as is the potential of these species. Current estimates allow us to predict that the diversity of microorganisms that are present in the various terrestrial ecosystems is enormous. However, understanding this diversity is a challenge for the future of microbial ecology research.
How Does an Invasive Cyprinid Benefit from the Hydrological Disturbance of Mediterranean Temporary Streams?
Authors: Matono Paula , Da Silva Janine , Ilhéu Maria
Published: June 2018

The Iberian Peninsula has been subjected to numerous fish introductions and the colonization of new areas by non-native species is constantly reported. However, there is a lack of knowledge about many aspects of the bio-ecology of these species and their invasive success within the environmental context of Mediterranean temporary rivers. This study aimed to address the following questions: (i) what are the main regional and local environmental drivers influencing fish assemblages and differentiating native from non-native species, particularly A. alburnus?; (ii) what are the environmental and anthropogenic disturbance factors responsible for the occurrence and abundance of A. alburnus?; (iii) is there a pattern in the spatiotemporal distribution of A. alburnus size classes, along the tributaries of reservoirs where the species occurs? Data on fish species, environmental variables, and anthropogenic disturbance were collected in 77 sites of the Guadiana and Sado river basins in the south of Portugal. Additionally, a seasonal sampling was performed along an upstream-downstream gradient of several tributaries from three reservoirs in these river basins. A multivariate analysis and a multi-model approach were used in data analyses. Native and non-native fish assemblages showed different environmental drivers and responses to anthropogenic disturbance levels, though A. alburnus has revealed similarities with native species. The occurrence of A. alburnus was mainly determined by hydrological and morphological disturbances driven by anthropogenic activities. Furthermore, this species apparently performed seasonal movements along the tributaries of several reservoirs, profiting from these lentic habitats as a stepping-stone for further invasions. This study highlighted the wide ecological plasticity of A. alburnus, as it benefits from the anthropogenic hydrological disturbance (induced by reservoirs), and is also able to cope with the natural hydrological disturbance (resulting from the intermittency of these streams), to guarantee and enhance its invasive success in Mediterranean intermittent streams. It also gives a sound contribution to understand the spread of A. alburnus in these vulnerable freshwater ecosystems, and to delineate management measures, namely by identifying critical points in the river network along with prioritizing river restoration measures that benefit native species.
Practical Energy Harvesting for Batteryless Ambient Backscatter Sensors
Authors: Vougioukas Georgios , Dimitriou Antonis , Bletsas Aggelos , Sahalos John
Published: June 2018

This work studies the performance of two methods for providing power to an ultra-low power, ambient backscatter tag, omitting the need for any battery. RF energy harvesting from a dedicated source and energy harvesting from ambient light using a single photodiode are compared. Extensive measurement results from tests conducted under real world conditions are offered for both harvesting methods. It is concluded that for a total cost of under 7 Euros the need for a battery can be eliminated, by using a single photodiode element along with a suitable boost converter. The ultra-low power character of the utilized tag enables the use of multiple harvesting methods and paves the way towards truly battery-less wireless sensor systems.
The Impact of Financial Development on Energy Consumption: Evidence from an Oil-Rich Economy
Authors: Mukhtarov Shahriyar , Mikayilov Jeyhun I. , Mammadov Jeyhun , Mammadov Elvin
Published: June 2018

This paper examines the relationship between energy consumption, financial development, and economic growth in an oil-rich economy—Azerbaijan—employing cointegration techniques to the data ranging from 1992 to 2015. The results confirm the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. Also, we find that there is a positive and statistically significant impact of financial development and economic growth on energy consumption in the long-run. The positive and statistically significant coefficient of financial development and decreasing volatility in the proxy for financial development over time can be considered as improvements in the financial system. Estimation results show that a 1% increase in financial development, proxied by the private credit indicator, and economic development increases energy consumption by 0.19% and 0.12%, respectively. The positive and significant impact of financial development on energy consumption on the backdrop of relatively cheaper energy prices due to rich oil and gas resources, should be considered by policymakers in their energy use, financial development, and economic growth related decisions.
Increasing Profits in Food Waste Biorefinery—A Techno-Economic Analysis
Authors: Bastidas-Oyanedel Juan-Rodrigo , Schmidt Jens
Published: June 2018

The present manuscript highlights the economic profit increase when combining organic waste anaerobic digestion with other mixed culture anaerobic fermentation technologies, e.g., lactic acid fermentation and dark fermentation. Here we consider the conversion of 50 tonnes/day of food waste into methane, power generation (from CHP of biomethane), lactic acid, polylactic acid, hydrogen, acetic acid and butyric acid. The economic assessment shows that the basic alternative, i.e., anaerobic digestion with methane selling to the grid, generates 19 USD/t_VS (3 USD/t_foodwaste) of profit. The highest profit is obtained by dark fermentation with separation and purification of acetic and butyric acids, i.e., 296 USD/t_VS (47 USD/t_foodwaste). The only alternative that presented losses is the power generation alternative, needing tipping fees and/or subsidy of 176 USD/t_VS (29 USD/t_foodwaste). The rest of the alternatives generate profit. From the return on investment (ROI) and payback time, the best scenario is the production of polylactic acid, with 98% ROI, and 7.8 years payback time. Production of butyric acid ROI and payback time was 74% and 9.1 years.
A Novel Self-Adaptive VM Consolidation Strategy Using Dynamic Multi-Thresholds in IaaS Clouds
Authors: Xie Lei , Chen Shengbo , Shen Wenfeng , Miao Huaikou
Published: June 2018

With the rapid development of cloud computing, the demand for infrastructure resources in cloud data centers has further increased, which has already led to enormous amounts of energy costs. Virtual machine (VM) consolidation as one of the important techniques in Infrastructure as a Service clouds (IaaS) can help resolve energy consumption by reducing the number of active physical machines (PMs). However, the necessity of considering energy-efficiency and the obligation of providing high quality of service (QoS) to customers is a trade-off, as aggressive consolidation may lead to performance degradation. Moreover, most of the existing works of threshold-based VM consolidation strategy are mainly focused on single CPU utilization, although the resource request on different VMs are very diverse. This paper proposes a novel self-adaptive VM consolidation strategy based on dynamic multi-thresholds (DMT) for PM selection, which can be dynamically adjusted by considering future utilization on multi-dimensional resources of CPU, RAM and Bandwidth. Besides, the VM selection and placement algorithm of VM consolidation are also improved by utilizing each multi-dimensional parameter in DMT. The experiments show that our proposed strategy has a better performance than other strategies, not only in high QoS but also in less energy consumption. In addition, the advantage of its reduction on the number of active hosts is much more obvious, especially when it is under extreme workloads.
Determination of Heavy Metals in Freshwater Fishes of the Tigris River in Baghdad
Authors: Mensoor Montazer , Said Ali
Published: June 2018

The presence of heavy metals in freshwater fish represents a global public health issue. The current study aimed to determine the heavy metal concentration and toxicity in some freshwater fish species collected from the Tigris River in Baghdad. Out of the many fish species in Iraq, the current study selected the Genus Barbus as it represents the most popular fish food in Iraq. The sample included twenty fishes and the selected sample locations covered two industrial areas in Baghdad (one north of Baghdad and one south of Baghdad). The levels of heavy metals were determined by using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The results showed that concentrations of heavy metals in the sampled fishes exceeded the acceptable levels for food sources for human consumption. The results of this study showed high levels of cadmium and chromium levels in the tissues of the selected fish sample. Cd and Cr were among the highest concentrations and both exceeded the World Health Organization and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations acceptable levels for heavy metals in fishes.
Varied Genomic Responses to Maladaptive Gene Flow and Their Evidence
Authors: Roesti Marius
Published: June 2018

Adaptation to a local environment often occurs in the face of maladaptive gene flow. In this perspective, I discuss several ideas on how a genome may respond to maladaptive gene flow during adaptation. On the one hand, selection can build clusters of locally adaptive alleles at fortuitously co-localized loci within a genome, thereby facilitating local adaptation with gene flow (‘allele-only clustering’). On the other hand, the selective pressure to link adaptive alleles may drive co-localization of the actual loci relevant for local adaptation within a genome through structural genome changes or an evolving intra-genomic crossover rate (‘locus clustering’). While the expected outcome is, in both cases, a higher frequency of locally adaptive alleles in some genome regions than others, the molecular units evolving in response to gene flow differ (i.e., alleles versus loci). I argue that, although making this distinction is important, we commonly lack the critical empirical evidence to do so. This is mainly because many current approaches are biased towards detecting local adaptation in genome regions with low crossover rates. The importance of low-crossover genome regions for adaptation with gene flow, such as in co-localizing relevant loci within a genome, thus remains unclear. Future empirical investigations should address these questions by making use of comparative genomics, where multiple de novo genome assemblies from species evolved under different degrees of genetic exchange are compared. This research promises to advance our understanding of how a genome adapts to maladaptive gene flow, thereby promoting adaptive divergence and reproductive isolation.
Joint and Lineament Patterns across the Midcontinent Indicate Repeated Reactivation of Basement-Involved Faults
Authors: Burberry Caroline M. , Swiatlowski Jerlyn L. , Searls Mindi L. , Filina Irina
Published: June 2018

Joint networks hosted in successively younger rocks, developing as a result of forced (trishear) folding of a rock mass above a deep-seated fault, can be used to infer the reactivation history of that deep-seated fault. This study aims to use joint networks in Pennsylvanian, Permian and Cretaceous rocks to document evidence of reactivation on basement faults during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic of Nebraska and Kansas. The most prominent basement features in southeast Nebraska and northeast Kansas are oriented NE-SW, likely related to the Midcontinent Rift System and Nemaha Uplift, and oriented NW-SE, likely related to fabrics from the Central Plains Orogeny. These features are well defined in the potential fields data. Joint patterns in the study area show an E-W oriented trend, as well as clearly discernable NE-SW and subsidiary N-S and NW-SE trends. The E-W trend is interpreted to be related to far-field stresses from Laramide and Ancestral Rocky Mountain orogenic events, whilst the NE-SW trend is interpreted to be related to subtle reactivation on the Mid-continent rift and related faults, observed in basement data. These movements produced stresses of sufficient magnitude to produce joints in the post-rift rock units, but not sufficient to generate shear fractures. Similarly, the ~N-S and NW-SE joint trends are taken as evidence of subtle reactivation on the Nemaha Uplift and Central Plains Orogeny systems, generating joints by the formation of forced folds. This contribution therefore provides a convincing case study of the value of coupled potential fields and surface feature studies in discerning buried tectonic trends and subtle reactivation thereon.
Using ArcticDEM to Analyse the Dimensions and Dynamics of Debris-Covered Glaciers in Kamchatka, Russia
Authors: Barr Iestyn D. , Dokukin Mikhail D. , Kougkoulos Ioannis , Livingstone Stephen J. , Lovell Harold , Małecki Jakub , Muraviev Anton Y.
Published: June 2018

On the Kamchatka Peninsula, a number of glaciers are covered by thick volcanic debris, which makes their margins difficult to delineate from satellite imagery. Fortunately, high resolution, multi-temporal digital surface models (DSMs) covering the entire peninsula have recently become freely available (i.e., ArcticDEM). We use these DSMs to analyse the dimensions and dynamics of debris-covered glaciers in the northern Kluchevskoy Volcanic Group, central Kamchatka. This approach demonstrates that between 2012 and 2016, some of the region’s glaciers advanced despite regional and local climate warming. These glacial advances are part of a long-term trend, presumed to reflect the role of extensive supraglacial debris in limiting ice ablation, though there is also evidence for local ice melt due to supraglacial lava/debris flows. Glacier surface velocities during the period 2012–2015 were typically 5–140 m yr−1. Velocities for the major outlets of the region’s central icefield were typically higher than for other extensively debris-covered glaciers globally, likely reflecting the influence of ice supply from the high altitude Ushkovsky caldera. In all, we find ArcticDEM useful for analysing debris-covered glaciers in Kamchatka, providing important information on flow dynamics and terminus change that is difficult to derive from satellite imagery.
The Urban Gradient in Malaria-Endemic Municipalities in Acre: Revisiting the Role of Locality
Authors: Dal’Asta Ana Paula , Lana Raquel Martins , Amaral Silvana , Codeço Cláudia Torres , Monteiro Antônio Miguel Vieira
Published: June 2018

Urbanization has altered the distribution of diseases of public health importance along gradients of human occupation. Adopting dichotomous urban/rural categories to explain differences in the risk of exposure, as well as the prevention of diseases is insufficient. In this paper, we present the potential of representations based on the gradient perspective to characterize the living spaces of municipalities where malaria is endemic in northwest Acre. Inventoried data in 40 localities in the Mâncio Lima and Rodrigues Alves municipalities and information on land use and land cover obtained from the TerraClass Database were used to characterize the urban spatial forms and their social content. Results showed a gradient of intensities: from municipal seats to the most connected localities through the road network to riverine communities. Based on the results, we hope to advance the discussion about the use of normative definitions of “urban” and “rural” for public policies and actions to control and eliminate malaria, considering the position of each locality in its own locally referenced urban gradient.
Duty of Notification and Aviation Safety—A Study of Fatal Aviation Accidents in the United States in 2015
Authors: Vuorio Alpo , Budowle Bruce , Sajantila Antti , Laukkala Tanja , Junttila Ilkka , Kravik Stein E. , Griffiths Robin
Published: June 2018

After the Germanwings accident, the French Safety Investigation Authority (BEA) recommended that the World Health Organization (WHO) and European Community (EC) develop clear rules for the duty of notification process. Aeromedical practitioners (AMEs) face a dilemma when considering the duty of notification and conflicts between pilot privacy and public and third-party safety. When balancing accountability, knowledge of the duty of notification process, legislation and the clarification of a doctor’s own set of values should be assessed a priori. Relatively little is known of the magnitude of this problem in aviation safety. To address this, the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) database was searched to identify fatal accidents during 2015 in the United States in which a deceased pilot used a prescribed medication or had a disease that potentially reduced pilot performance and was not reported to the AME. Altogether, 202 finalized accident reports with toxicology were available from (the year) 2015. In 5% (10/202) of these reports, the pilot had either a medication or a disease not reported to an AME which according to the accident investigation was causal to the fatal accident. In addition, the various approaches to duty of notification in aviation in New Zealand, Finland and Norway are discussed. The process of notification of authorities without a pilot’s express permission needs to be carried out by using a guidance protocol that works within legislation and professional responsibilities to address the pilot and the public, as well as the healthcare provider. Professional guidance defining this duty of notification is urgently needed.
Effect of Calcium on Absorption Properties and Thermal Stability of Milk during Microwave Heating
Authors: Wu Yejun , Fan Daming , Hang Feng , Yan Bowen , Zhao Jianxin , Zhang Hao , Chen Wei
Published: June 2018

During heating, there are a lot of physical and chemical changes in milk components, which are mainly reflected in the changes of proteins. Calcium ions in milk react with proteins to precipitate or form gels, and the thermal stability of milk is affected by the type and content of calcium. In this study, different calcium-fortified milk systems were treated by rapid conventional heating (RCV) and microwave heating (MV) to evaluate the effects of forms and concentration of calcium in liquid milk on microwave absorption properties and thermal stability of milk. It was found that the concentration of calcium ions on microwave energy absorption is not a significant influence, while the forms affected the systems dramatically. The thermal stability of milk during MV is remarkably affected by the forms of calcium ions. When adding ionized calcium, the calcium-fortified milk systems had poor thermal stability and severe agglomeration of protein, while the addition of milk calcium had little effect and was almost free from protein coagulation. It could be speculated that the metal ions in the microwave field could create a strong vibration that could trigger protein agglomeration through the combination of the surrounding casein phosphorylates.
Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Diffraction Techniques Applied to Insect Flight Muscle
Authors: Iwamoto Hiroyuki
Published: June 2018

X-ray fiber diffraction is a powerful tool used for investigating the molecular structure of muscle and its dynamics during contraction. This technique has been successfully applied not only to skeletal and cardiac muscles of vertebrates but also to insect flight muscle. Generally, insect flight muscle has a highly ordered structure and is often capable of high-frequency oscillations. The X-ray diffraction studies on muscle have been accelerated by the advent of 3rd-generation synchrotron radiation facilities, which can generate brilliant and highly oriented X-ray beams. This review focuses on some of the novel experiments done on insect flight muscle by using synchrotron radiation X-rays. These include diffraction recordings from single myofibrils within a flight muscle fiber by using X-ray microbeams and high-speed diffraction recordings from the flight muscle during the wing-beat of live insects. These experiments have provided information about the molecular structure and dynamic function of flight muscle in unprecedented detail. Future directions of X-ray diffraction studies on muscle are also discussed.
Recent Advances in Scar Biology
Authors: Ogawa Rei
Published: June 2018

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Recent Approaches to the Manufacturing of Biomimetic Multi-Phasic Scaffolds for Osteochondral Regeneration
Authors: Longley Ryan , Ferreira Ana Marina , Gentile Piergiorgio
Published: June 2018

Cartilage lesions of the knee are common disorders affecting people of all ages; as the lesion progresses, it extends to the underlying subchondral bone and an osteochondral defect appears. Osteochondral (OC) tissue compromises soft cartilage over hard subchondral bone with a calcified cartilage interface between these two tissues. Osteochondral defects can be caused by numerous factors such as trauma and arthritis. Tissue engineering offers the possibility of a sustainable and effective treatment against osteochondral defects, where the damaged tissue is replaced with a long-lasting bio-manufactured replacement tissue. This review evaluates both bi-phasic and multi-phasic scaffold-based approaches of osteochondral tissue regeneration, highlighting the importance of having an interface layer between the bone and cartilage layer. The significance of a biomimetic approach is also evidenced and shown to be more effective than the more homogenous design approach to osteochondral scaffold design. Recent scaffold materials and manufacturing techniques are reviewed as well as the current clinical progress with osteochondral regeneration scaffolds.