bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of pH, titratable acidity and calcium concentration of non alcoholic carbonated beverages on enamel erosion: an in vitro study.
Authors: Saxena S.
Published: August 2023

Objective: Beverage acidity has been measured routinely using the pH value. However, titratable acidity is thought to be a true indicator of beverage erosive potential. It has also been reported that experimental addition of calcium in beverages can reduce the progression of erosion. This study was carried out to investigate effects the of pH, titratable acidity and calcium concentration of non alcoholic carbonated beverages on enamel erosion of extracted human premolar teeth.

Method: The erosive potential of 13 carbonated beverages and control was characterized based on analysis of pH, titratable acidity, and calcium concentrations. This was followed by ename demineralization tests. Baseline and post-immersion measurements of enamel microhardness were carried out using Vickers microhardness tester. Mean and standard deviation for each parameter was calculated. One way analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired t test, pearson's correlation, and multiple linear stepwise regression analysis were employed for statistical analysis. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Result: Among the beverages, Pepsi had the lowest pH while Sip-on-appy had the highest pH. Titratable acidity was lowest for Limca and highest for Red Bull. Calcium concentration was lowest in Limca and Sprite and highest in Appy fizz. Statistically significant negative correlation between pH and percentage reduction of enamel microhardness, and between calcium concentration and percentage reduction of enamel microhardness was found. Multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed pH as the best predictor for erosive potential.

Conclusion: All beverages have potential for enamel erosion. Beverages with lower pH and less calcium are more erosive.
A cephalometric assessment of the nasolabial angle of an adult Nigerian population
Authors: Isiekwe G. I. , DaCosta O. O. , Isiekwe M. C.
Published: August 2023

Objective: One of the most important components of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning is an evaluation of the patient's soft tissue profile. An assessment of the nasolabial angle is a vital component of this evaluation. The purpose of this study was to establish norms for the nasolabial angle of an adult Nigerian population; compare the male and female values and to compare the values obtained for Nigerians with those reported for other populations.

Method: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of one hundred students (44 males and 56 females) of the College of Medicine, University of Lagos, aged 18-25years were taken. Selected subjects were of Nigerian ancestry with normal occlusion. The radiographs were manual ly t raced and the nasolabial angle of each subject measured.

Result: A mean value of 84.35° +13.71° was computed for the entire sample. No statistically significant difference was observed between the male and female values (p>0.05), although 0 0 the males recorded a lower nasolabial angle (83.70 ) than the females (85.28 ).The nasolabial angle recorded in this study was similar to that reported for South African blacks, but much lower than that reported for Caucasian populations.Conclusion: The mean nasolabial angle of 84.35 + 13.71 was observed in the Nigerian population studied. Sexual differences were not observed; however, the values observed in this study differ from that reported for Caucasians and other racial groups.
An assessment of the role of government health related policies in improving the oral health status of Nigerians
Authors: Adeniyi A. A. , Ogunbodede E. O. , Braimoh M. O.
Published: August 2023

Achieving good oral health is now considered an important component of good health for any population and the inclusion of an oral health component in national health policies is a good strategy for promoting oral health. This paper sought to examine the existing health-related policies of the Nigerian government in order to determine the position accorded oral health within the policy framework and to determine the role of these policies in improving the oral health status of Nigerians. A detailed search of electronic sources and Nigerian government documents to identify the major health related policies of the government in the last decade was conducted. The policies identified and analysed were the Millennium Development Goals (MDG’s), Vision 20:2020, National Economic Empowerment and Development strategy (NEEDS), the seven point agenda and the primary health care policy. The analysis from this report indicates an exclusion of oral health from the framework of most of the policies designed by the Nigerian government. The most important barrier identified for excluding oral health is the inability of the oral health workforce to influence the policy process in Nigeria since policymaking is largely a political issue. Oral healthcare professionals in Nigeria need to be actively engaged in the politics of policymaking in order to promote the inclusion of oral health in the health related policies of government. This should stimulate positive action concerning oral health in the Nigerian polity.
Misconceptions about oral health among a group of Nigerian primary school teachers
Authors: Ehizele A. O. , Azodo C. C. , Ehigiator O. , Ezeja E. B.
Published: August 2023

Objective: To identify the various misconceptions that still exist among teachers about oral health practices and their incorrect ideas about dental conditions.

Method: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out between May and September 2008 among 640 primary school teachers in Oredo Local Government area of Benin City, Nigeria. Data collection was by the use of self –administered questionnaire.

Result: More than a third of the respondents (39.6%) felt that tooth decay is caused by worms, 0.3% felt it is caused by black magic. While 11.9% felt gingival bleeding is caused by worms. Tooth loss was considered a natural process by 43% of the respondents and 53.1% did not feel it is possible to keep all the teeth in the dentition for life. In addition, 23.2% did not consider tooth loss a serious health problem. Traditional medicine was used for toothache and gingival bleeding in 5.0% and 2.6% of cases respectively, while 6.5% reported self medication. Improvement of oral hygiene by toothbrushing was considered ineffective in the prevention of gum disease by 15.3% of the respondents.

Conclusion: This survey revealed that a few misconceptions still exist among teachers about what constitutes appropriate oral health practices and correct knowledge of oral diseases and remedies. These misconceptions should be corrected to prevent the teachers form impacting incorrect knowledge on the children they teach. In service training of the teachers in the area of oral health is therefore recommended.
Comparative study of analgesic effectiveness of single doses of paracetamol and ibuprofen in a dental pain model
Authors: Odai E.D. , Ozolua R.I. , Obuekwe O.N.
Published: August 2023

Objective: The overall aim of this study is to evaluate the analgesic effectiveness of paracetamol and ibuprofen in the pharmacologic management of acute post-operative dental pain.Method: This study employed the visual analogue scale to measure the effectiveness of single doses of ibuprofen and paracetamol over a six-hour period, following a third molar surgery in a homogenous study population, matched for age, body mass index (BMI) and gender. Alarms were set to remind patients to score pain intensity at time point 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 hours, post-dosing. A measure of the difference between the pain scores at the various time interval and that at the basal level (time 0) is the pain intensity difference (PID) at the various time intervals. Data obtained were analysed, using the SPSS version 16.0. (Chicago, IL, USA). Inferential statistics used include Chi squared test and a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). P<0.05 was considered  significant.Result: Ibuprofen showed a statistically significant superiority over paracetamol from time 2.5 hours to the sixth hour (P<0.05). There is no significant difference between paracetamol and placebo (P>0.05). The difference per dose prices of ibuprofen and paracetamol is negligible. Probability of developing significant pain following use of paracetamol is greater than 0.9, the relative risk is 1.10 and the odds 10.3, C.I. 95%.Conclusion: This study concludes that ibuprofen is significantly more efficacious than paracetamol in the management of post-surgical dental pain and suggests that paracetamol should not be prescribed as a sole agent for analgesia after a third molar surgery.
Aesthetic outcome following prosthetic rehabilitation after ablative maxillary surgery. A Preliminary Study
Authors: Akinbami B.O. , Arigbede A.O.
Published: August 2023

Objective: Psychological impact of poor dento-facial aesthetics constitutes a major part of the low quality of life in maxillectomy patients. The  purpose of this study was to present the aesthetic outcome following prosthetic rehabilitation after ablative maxillary surgery.Method: All consecutive patients that had surgery for tumours affecting the upper jaw and gave their consent were included in the study.  Classification of maxillectomy was based on the Brown's classification. Facial attractiveness after final prosthetic rehabilitation was graded by two independent observers with a modified Liekert scale into four grades. For the purpose of comparison of facial attractiveness, the patients were divided into 2 groups: those below 2A and those above 2A.Result: Seventeen patients with tumours affecting the upper jaw were operated. Ten (58.8%) were females and 7 (41.2%) were males. The age range was 6-65 years, mean (SD), 37.6 (18.5) years. Two (11.8%) cases were children. There were 3 (17.6%) cases in the level 1, one case was 1A, two cases were 1B; 11 (64.7%) cases in level 2, 8 (47.1%) cases were 2A, 3 (17.6%) cases were 2B and 3 (17.6%) cases in level 3. Two (11.8%) patients, both in the level 2B had moderately attractive appearances and also, 2(11.8%) patients in the levels 2B and 3B respectively had least attractive appearances.Conclusion: Majority of our patients had resections at levels 2A and below and there was no obvious difference between the two groups, immediate prosthetic obturation may have minimized collapse of midface in those above 2A.
The Accuracy of Electronic Wrist Blood Pressure Monitoring Devices
Authors: Bamgbose B.O. , Bavitz B.J. , Qian F.
Published: August 2023

Background: Assessment of blood pressure is the most common diagnostic procedure performed in the outpatient clinic. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the wrist-cuff electronic oscillometric device with the universally-accepted gold standard measurement made with Korotkoff sound technique mercury sphygmomanometer.Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, crossover study with a total of 60 subjects. All subjects were at least 30 years of age. Three blood pressure readings were recorded for each subject, two with a wrist-cuff device and one with a mercury sphygmomanometer by the secondary investigator. The order of the 3 readings were determined by chance.Results: Patients (32 women, 28 men) aged 30-94 (mean age = 55, SD =16) years were included in the study. Based on the paired-sample t-test, the  data provided strong evidence that there was no statistically significant difference in systolic or diastolic blood pressure readings between the wrist-cuff electronic oscillometric device and mercury sphygmomanometer.Conclusions: The evaluation of blood pressure remains a basic diagnostic step in every clinical practice as it positively imparts the clinical well-being of the patient. It is, therefore, important to maintain a good degree of accuracy and reliability in the blood pressure monitoring device.
Teaching, learning and usage of Rubber Dam in Clinical Practice
Authors: Loto A.O. , Awotile A.O.
Published: August 2023

Introduction: The teaching, learning and practice of rubber dam use are incorporated into dental schools' curricula all over the world. Its usage in  operative dentistry and endodontics is highly recommended. Its merits include moisture control and soft tissue retraction leading to better access and visualization of teeth. It also enhances cooperation among children. However, previous studies had shown very low usage of rubber dam by post doctoral dentists. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of teaching, learning and usage of rubber dam during undergraduate studies on the frequency of use of rubber dam post-graduation.

Materials and methods: This survey was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out amongst dentists working with private, federal and state governments' hospitals in Lagos State. A convenient simple random sampling was used to select the participants. Newly structured self administered questionnaires were used. They were mostly closed with a few open ended questions. The questionnaires contained fifteen questions based on biodata, knowledge and usage of rubber dam in clinical practices. These were fully completed and returned by consented respondents. Data collected were analyzed by Statisitical Package for Social Science (SPSS) 20 edition. Univariate analysis was done using frequency, percentages, and chart while bivariate analysis was carried out by cross tabulation of categorical variables with Chi-square, p-value ≤0.05 was accepted as statistically significant.

Results: The total number of respondents was 135 consisting of 50 males and 85 females. Of the 135 respondents, only 8(5.9%) routinely used rubber dam, which is in contrast to 120 (88.9%) and 127(94.1%) that had high knowledge on rubber dam and its merits respectively. Reasons for non-usage included non availability of rubber dam kit in hospital 120(94.5%) and lack of skills 11(8.7%). Test of association showed that knowledge of rubber dam system was significantly affected by age of respondents (p-value =0.001), designation (p-value=0.008) and years of experience (p-value= 0.010). In addition, use of rubber dam was significantly different based on respondents designation.

Conclusion: The usage of rubber dam amongst dentists working with the federal and state governments in Lagos State was very low in spite of their  high knowledge on its merits. Therefore, there is the need to develop a culture of rubber dam use in clinical practice amongst dentists.
Treatment Failures in Trigeminal Neuralgia Patients: An Institutional Audit
Authors: Abah A.A. , Emeka O.M. , Agbelusi G.A.
Published: August 2023

Background: Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a frequent cause of paroxysmal facial pain and headaches in adults. It frequently presents in the fourth and fifth decade of life and affects the 5th cranial nerve. It is usually unilateral and does not disturb sleep. The gold standard drug is Carbamazepine (CBZ) and treatment failure to CBZ could be attributed to intake of drugs or food containing B group vitamins, patients' tolerance to the medication and the use of fake medication. The effectiveness of this drug has been reported but, there is dearth of literature that demonstrates causes of failure of CBZ in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia.Objective: To determine the causes of treatment failure in Trigeminal neuralgia patients attending the Oral Medicine Clinic of Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of cases of Trigeminal Neuralgia who presented at the Oral Medicine Clinic of the study institution between April 2009 and April 2012. Data were collated from patients' case notes and clinical records. The recorded parameters included patients' bio data, response to treatment and treatment failure. The results were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows(version 16).Results: A total number of 32 patients were diagnosed with Trigeminal neuralgia during this period. There were 22 (68.87%) females and 10 (31.2%) males; with female to male ratio of 2.2:1. Age range was 9 to 82years (mean 53.4±13.86). Carbamazepine was the principal drug prescribed. There was treatment failure associated with it due to the use of B group vitamins in 10 patients (31.5%); 5 (15.63%) from tolerance to the drug and 2(6.10%) from fake drugs. Twenty-seven (84.4%) patients went into remission when all the factors leading to failure were addressed; therefore the response rate was good.Conclusion: Carbamazepine was used as the primary drug in the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia and treatment failure was largely due to taking drinks and drugs containing B group vitamins.
Dysplastic Papilliferous Basaloid Ameloblastoma: Report of a Case
Authors: Adeyemi B.F. , Adisa A.O. , Lasisi T.J. , Akinyamoju A.O.
Published: August 2023

Papilliferous ameloblastoma is an uncommon histologic variant of ameloblastoma. About five cases have been reported in the English literature till date. All five showed squamous differentiation with keratin formation and were diagnosed as papilliferous keratoameloblastoma. The present lesion shows basaloid differentiation and mild dysplasia in addition to papilliferous projections, thus termed dysplastic papilliferous basaloid  ameloblastoma.  Ameloblastoma, the most common odostoma has not ceased to intrigue pathologists with its diverse histomorphological patterns. Therefore, we present this uncommon lesion in a 50 year old man with right mandibular swelling.
Oral Health Related Quality of Life among Elderly People in a General Practice Setting in Lagos
Authors: Akodu B.A. , Odunlami T.O. , Bakre A.T. , Abiola A.O.
Published: August 2023

Background: Oral health-related quality of life is a multidimensional construct. Oral health has an impact on an individual's daily functioning, well-being and the overall quality of life. The elderly are prone to several dental problems such as dental caries and periodontal disease which constitute the major oral health burden all over the world. These two diseases have a high prevalence rate, wide geographical spread, graded severity and are important public health challenges. It is therefore important to examine the role of oral diseases with age and its impact on the quality of life of the elderly.Aim: To assess the pattern of oral health and quality of life amongst elderly patients.Materials and Methods: It is a descriptive cross sectional study, conducted among 294 elderly patients attending Orile Agege General Hospital, Lagos. Data was collected using a semi-structured, interviewer administered questionnaire for individual's oral health using the WHO Oral Health Questionnaires for the adult and oral health related quality of life using OralHealth Impact Profile. Data obtained was subjected to descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analysis using IBM SPSS 20.Results: The mean age of the elderly was 68.65 ± 6.58 years. Nine point five percent of the respondents had less than 20 natural teeth, 46.6% were experiencing discomfort in mouth, 30.6% were using partial removable dentures and 4.8% were utilizing full lower or full upper removable dentures. Only 6.1% reported poor tooth condition and 8.2% stated poor gum condition. However, 42.9% of the respondents cleaned their teeth two times or more daily, 15.0% and 85.7% of subjects used tooth-brush/dental floss and fluoridated toothpaste respectively. On the oral health quality of life (OHQoL), 35.4% had some impact of oral health on QoL with the dominant domains being physical pain (50.3%), psychological discomfort (44.6%) and functional limitation (43.2%). OHQoL was influenced by the number of natural teeth (OR = 5.417, p<0.001), discomfort in mouth (OR = 2.128, p = 0.002), removable dentures (OR = 2.732, p = 0.001) and frequent tooth-brushing (OR = 1.770, p = 0.021).Conclusion: The number of natural teeth, discomfort in the mouth, presence of removable dentures and frequent mouth-washing influenced the quality of life of the elderly.
Oral and Facial Manifestations of COVID-19 Patients
Authors: Okoh M. , Okoh D.S.
Published: August 2023

Objective: To review the oral and facial manifestations of COVID-19 which may be useful in the prompt diagnosis of the disease.Materials and Methods: Literatures were searched from renowned electronic databases like PubMed, Medline, Google scholar and Cochrane Library. The following words were used for the search. “Oral and facial manifestations of COVID-19.”Results: The SARS-CoV-2 virus is transmitted from human to human via droplet transmission and direct contact with oral, nasal, and eye mucous membranes. Studies suggest that COVID-19 may become airborne through aerosols generated during clinical procedures. The most common symptoms of coronavirus disease are fever, tiredness, dry cough and difficulty breathing. Other atypical symptoms, such as muscle pain, confusion, headache, anosmia, dysgeusia, sore throat, diarrhea, and vomiting have been reported, and seem to be on the rise.Conclusion: It will be interesting to determine in the near future how frequent those manifestations are in individuals presenting symptoms in contrast to infected asymptomatic patient, and their usefulness in defining the outcome of COVID-19.
Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Oral Healthcare Services
Authors: Aladelusi T.O.
Published: August 2023

Objectives: To assess the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on patient attendance at the dental clinic, University College Hospital, Ibadan and to make recommendations on how the oral healthcare services can adapt and evolve practices to appropriately care for increasing patients' load following the ease of lockdown.Materials and Methods: The attendance records of patients in the second quarter of 2019 and 2020 was retrieved from the medical records department of the Dental clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan and reviewed. Data collected included age, gender and the specialty clinic attended. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Frequencies and meanage were calculated and comparison of attendance was done using the student t test.Results: Three thousand, six hundred and seventy patients were seen in the second quarter of 2019 while 1276 were attended to during the same period in 2020. This showed a 66% decrease in clinic attendance in the period under review with reduction of 86.99% and 26.28% in April and June of these years respectively. The reduction in the attendance in the second quarter of 2019compared to the second quarter of 2020 was statistically significant (p=0.002).Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic is still a major public health concern that may still persist for some time therefore preventative measures are necessary to curtail the spread of this viral disease. Dental practitioners have an important role in this global fight for preventing the transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19 and must be trained ready for this role. It isrecommended that pragmatic approaches including standard infection prevention and control measures must be strictly adhered to in the oral health care settings to mitigate the spread of infection.
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on Oral Hygiene Practices and Willingness to utilize Dental Services among Patient Attendees of a Primary Oral Health Care Clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Akinloye S.J. , Sopeju I.F. , Akinloye C.U. , Adegoke K.T. , Lawal F.B.
Published: August 2023

Objective: To assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on oral hygiene practices and willingness to utilize dental care services among patients who attended a Primary Oral Health Care Clinic in Ibadan, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 105 dental patients who had attended the Primary Oral Health Care Centre, Idikan, Ibadan, between July 2019 and March 2020. Data were obtained on the effect of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown on oral hygiene practices and willingness to utilise dental care services during the lockdown was obtained using semistructured questions. The questionnaire was administered through mobile telephone interviews by trained dentists. Data was analysed with SPSS version 25.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 38.2 (±19.4) years, and 60 (57.1%) were females. During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, 19 (18.1%) of the participants reported a change in their oral hygiene habits, out of which 15 (14.3%) increased the frequency and duration of tooth cleaning while it reduced for 4 (3.8%) participants. Twenty-eight (26.7%) of the participantswould not have considered visiting the dental clinic for routine check-ups during the period. Fear of contracting COVID-19 infection was the main reason for the unwillingness to utilize dental services for: routine check-up (15.7%) and oral prophylaxis (8.6%). There was no significant association between sociodemographic characteristics of the participants and change inoral health practices during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown (p > 0.005).

Conclusion: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic was minimal on the oral hygiene practices of the study participants, with many having no change in their oral hygiene practices. The change in oral hygiene practices was in terms of frequency and duration of teeth cleaning. While some had a positive change, few others had negative changes.
Thirty-Two Teeth, Thirty-Two Challenges: Memoirs of a Dentist Turned Policy Maker
Authors: Adebiyi Adebimpe
Published: August 2023

According to Eleanor Roosevelt, “memoirs are only useful as the lives you read about and analyse may suggest to you something that you may find useful in your own journey through life.” I am therefore glad to state that I see myself quite relevant to Nigeria’s quest for greatness, particularly in the health sector. This belief fueled my resolve to scale the hurdles every step of the way with the help of God. I thank the leadership of the Nigerian Dental Association (NDA) for the honour of sharing my story with my colleagues on this platform. There is a generational and professional hand-holding gesture that I presume the NDA would like to crystalize by requesting I pen down this memoir. It is indeed a reminiscence of my days of persuasion to preparation and to the stepwise progression towards making valuable contributions to policy making in the Nigerian health sector.
Apokaliptika
Authors: Birher Nándor Máté
Published: August 2023

Az „Apokalipszis” konferenciát nem is lehetett volna stílszerűbb időpontra szervezni, mint péntek 13-ra. Maga a dátum egyszerre hordozza a téma komolyságát és könnyedségét. A végidő egyszerre félelmetes valóság és gondolati játék.
Puritán apokaliptika: amerikai küldetéstudat és történelemszemlélet
Authors: Balogh Beatrix
Published: August 2023

Az amerikai nemzeti önmeghatározás szerves része a küldetéstudat, az Isten kiválasztott népeként feladatot kapott nemzet történelmi fejlődésútja, mely először a puritán kivándorlásban nyilvánul meg. A különlegességtudat, a vallásos háttér és az óhaza hibáinak meghaladása mellett leginkább a forradalomban kikristályosodott és alkotmányba foglalt szabadság- és demokráciaeszményekből és azok terjesztéséből táplálkozik. Ezek szorosan összeforrottak az idők folyamán, Woodrow Wilson a küldetést már úgy definiálta, hogy Amerikának „a világot biztonságossá kell tennie a demokrácia számára”. Azonban a puritánokról és szerepükről alkotott véleménykülönbségek mellett abban konszenzus van, hogy a John Winthrop által 1630-ban meghirdetett politikai-társadalmi rendszer és erkölcsi normák az amerikai történelmi fejlődés meghatározó alapkövei, a winthropi „város a hegyen” pedig az amerikai különlegességtudat, az „excepcionalizmus” elsődleges kifejeződése.
Apokaliptika és apokalipszisek : Egy műfaj eredete
Authors: Fröhlich Ida
Published: August 2023

Az apokalüptó ige és az apokalüpszisz főnév a Septuagintában és más görög nyelvű forrásokban jelenik meg a Kr. e. 3. századtól kezdve. A szavak a héber glh „felfedni” (fizikai és átvitt értelemben) és származékai fordításai. A későbbi nem kánoni szövegekben a jelentés az átvitt értelem felé tolódik el, és titkok kinyilatkoztatását jelenti. A fogalmainkat meghatározza az, hogy mikor és milyen sorrendben ismerünk meg dolgokat. Az apokalipszis fogalmát János Jelenéseiből (Apokalüpszisz) ismerte meg az európai keresztény kultúra. Ez az első mű, amely címfeliratában viseli a szót, amely egyben egy műfaj meghatározására is szolgál. János Apokalipszise nem az első művek között van ebben a műfajban, hanem egy műfaj csúcsát és mintegy összegzését képviseli. Középpontjában az eszkhatológia és végítélet áll — abból a célból írták a művet, hogy ezt bemutassa. Nagyszabású körkép, a benne leírtak minden korábbi prófécia teljesedését jelentik. Szemlélete szerint ugyanis a próféciák nemcsak a maguk idejére voltak érvényesek, hanem egy távoli jövőre is, az apokalipszis szerzőjének idejére, aki művében feltárja ezeket a titkokat.
A Jelenések könyve optimista történelemszemlélete a Bárány-látomás (Jel 5,1–14) fényében
Authors: Kocsis Imre
Published: August 2023

Bár az apokaliptika hatása az Újszövetség egyéb irataiban (az evangéliumokban és az apostoli levelekben) is kimutatható, a Jelenések könyve az egyetlen olyan őskeresztény írás, amely teljes egészében apokaliptikus műnek tekinthető. Jól tudjuk, hogy az apokaliptika a Krisztus előtti évszázadok zsidósága körében vált elterjedtté. A Jelenések könyve a végidőre való irányultság és a szimbolikus nyelvezet tekintetében rokonságot mutat a zsidó iratokkal, ugyanakkor sajátosan keresztény szemlélet hatja át, hiszen mind Krisztus személyét, mind az Egyház küldetését illetően fontos tanítást tartalmaz. Történelemszemléletét is a Krisztusba vetett hit határozza meg. Dolgozatunkban először rövid áttekintést adunk a jelentősebb zsidó apokaliptikus iratok történelemértelmezéséről, majd a Jelenések könyve szövegére, az úgynevezett Bárány-látomásra összpontosítunk, amely értelmezési kulcsul szolgál a könyv történelemmel kapcsolatos felfogásának megállapításához.
A kulturális értékek nemzetközi védelme az illegális emberi tevékenységgel szemben
Authors: Környei Ágnes
Published: August 2023

Az emberiség kulturális örökségének, a kulturális sokszínűségnek a védelme széles körben elfogadott a nemzetközi politika vagy a nemzetközi jog területén, de érinti a gazdaságot (pl. a kultúrára is építő turizmus fontos bevételi forrás) vagy a biztonságpolitikát is (segíti a megbékélést és a tartós béke kiépítését).A kulturális javakat, amelyek meg nem újuló erőforrások, nemcsak a természeti katasztrófáktól, de a káros emberi tevékenységtől (pl. kulturális javak illegális kereskedelme, katonai konfliktusok, „kulturális tisztogatás”, terrorizmus) is védeni kell. Az egész emberiség számára fontos kulturális értékek védelme érdekében komoly nemzetközi jogi korpusz jött létre, számos kormányközi intézmény, civil szervezet aktív a területen. A kulturális javak megóvásának jelentőségét nem csak univerzális szinten ismerték fel, számos regionális szervezet vagy csoportosulás is állást foglalt annak támogatása mellett.
Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Kisah Nabi Musa a.s.
Authors: Syahfari Indra
Published: August 2023

Background. The story of Prophet Moses is the longest and most complex story in the Holy Qur'an. This shows that within the story of Prophet Moses there is plenty of character education content. The contents of character education very important to be studied and may be an answer to this weakness of the nation's character.Aim. This study aims to find and understand the character education contained in the story of Prophet Moses in the Holy Qur'an.Methods. This research is descriptive qualitative research, in which the researcher analyzes, describes and summarizes the data related to the story of Prophet Moses.Results. The results of this study are the story of Prophet Moses as in the Holy Qur'an contains many characters education, namely: religious, honest, curiosity, hard work, social care, communicative friendly, love of knowledge, courteous, and responsible.
Pembаcааn Kontemporer Terhаdаp Surаh Аl-Bаqаrаh Аyаt 221 Tentаng Nіkаh Bedа Аgаmа Dаlаm Konteks Keіndonesіааn
Authors: Muhаmmаd Musіp
Published: August 2023

Background. Thіs аrtіcle dіscusses the іnterpretаtіon of verse 221 of surаh аl-Bаqаrаh, whіch dіscusses іnterfаіth mаrrіаges аdаpted to the Іndonesіаn context. Sіnce the problem of іnterfаіth mаrrіаge іs іncreаsіngly prevаlent іn Іndonesіа, іt Іs necessаry to conduct studіes аnd reseаrch.Aim. Thіs study аіms to hіghlіght the іnterpretаtіon of verse 221 of surаh аl-Bаqаrаh from the fіqіh-style commentаry books combіned wіth the opіnіons of contemporаry fіgures.Methods. The method used іn thіs аrtіcle іs the lіbrаry reseаrch method. Regаrdіng the contemporаry reаdіng of verse 221 of surаh аl-Bаqаrаh, whіch explаіns іnterfаіth mаrrіаge. The dаtа аnаlysіs method used іs through а descrіptіve аpproаch.   Results. The result of thіs studycаn be concluded thаt the prаctіce of іnterfаіth mаrrіаge аssocіаted wіth the Іndonesіаn context іs somethіng thаt іs prohіbіted.
Historic maps as source for hydrological reconstruction of pre-industrial landscape wetness in Denmark: a methodological study
Authors: Andresen Jens-Bjørn R. , Kristiansen Søren M.
Published: August 2023

Historic maps are an important primary source which can be utilized in the reconstruction of environmental variables of the pre-industrial landscape. However, methodological constraints have hitherto prevented large scale and systematic approaches. In this paper a novel methodology is presented, which documents the usefulness of the maps in the study of paleo-hydrology and thus serves a better understanding of the conditions for agricultural production under pre-drainage conditions. The methodology is developed based on eighteenth and nineteenth century maps from a 100 km2 study area in one stream catchment in East Jutland, Denmark. It combines information from two types of historic maps in order to correlate computed soil hydrology (wetness index) and recorded historic land-use. The calculated wetness indexes are derived from contour lines on topographic (military) maps (in Danish: Høje Maalebordsblade), whereas the spatial overlays are land-use classes from economic maps (in Danish: Matrikelkort - Original 1). This study demonstrates – for the first time - that the wetness index is explanatory for the agricultural suitable/non-suitable dichotomy (tilled land versus “wetland”: meadows, fens, and peat bogs) on the historic economic maps. Furthermore, the study shows that pre-industrial arable areas were stretched to their limits in respect to cropping wet soils in this agricultural dominated landscape. The study confirms the existing belief that the historic economic maps constitute the best available source of these mosaic-landscapes for periods before the intense subsurface tile drainage began. This finding opens for further methodological development and up-scaling using automatic feature detection, contour line extraction and text recognition of historical maps.
Phenology of Daffodils varieties in the Mari El Republic conditions
Authors: Okach Mariya Aleksandrovna , Mukhametova Svetlana Valeryevna , Egoshina Evgeniya Alekseevna
Published: August 2023

Daffodils are decorative spring-flowering bulbous plants characterized by unpretentiousness to growing conditions, abundant flowering and variety of flower shapes. The timing of their flowering depends on varietal characteristics, weather conditions and climatic conditions of the growing point. The purpose of this article was to study the seasonal development of 6 Daffodils varieties in the Mari El Republic. Observations were carried out in the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Volga State University of Technology (Yoshkar-Ola). The objects of the study were varieties: small-cupped– 'Carnmoon' and 'White Lady', large-cupped – 'Duke of Windsor' and 'Odense', double – 'Texas' and 'Yellow Cheerfulness'. Observations were carried out in 2014-2019 according to the methodology of the Main Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was found that the varieties starting vegetation later had a longer vegetation period. The dates of the beginning and mass flowering correlated with the dates of complete leaf death. The variety 'Yellow Cheerfulness' had the late passage of all studied phenophases, as well as the shortest duration of vegetation and growth. The variety 'Odense' was characterized by the early end of leaf growth, budding and flowering. The variety 'White Lady' had a long vegetation period and the leaf growth period, a late flowering end and a long flowering duration. The short duration of flowering is established in the variety 'Carnmoon'. The data obtained are of interest in the practice of daffodils growing in the settlements of the Mari El Republic.
Obserwatorium Transformacji Energetycznej (OTE) jako narzędzie wspierania rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego w Polsce
Authors: Lach Łukasz , Mus-Frosik Malwina , Kopeć Sławomir , Faryj Katarzyna
Published: August 2023

Transformacja energetyczna to globalny trend, który oprócz niezaprzeczalnych korzyści przynosi również wyzwania, takie jak zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa energetycznego i redukcja ubóstwa energetycznego, realizacja celów klimatycznych czy konieczność odpowiadania na potrzeby zmieniającej się gospodarki. Szczególny wpływ na przebieg tego procesu w Polsce wywarły dodatkowo pandemia COVID-19 oraz agresja zbrojna Rosji na Ukrainę. Zarządzanie transformacją energetyczną leży w kompetencjach instytucji decyzyjnych, które dysponują adekwatnymi instrumentami politycznymi. Szybkie podejmowanie optymalnych decyzji w obszarze energetyki wymaga jednak wsparcia w postaci precyzyjnego aparatu analitycznego oraz wiarygodnych i aktualnych danych. Na opisane potrzeby odpowiada propozycja utworzenia Obserwatorium Transformacji Energetycznej – narzędzia wyposażonego w zaawansowany naukowy aparat badawczy i odpowiednie repozytorium danych. Artykuł przedstawia projekt powstały w celu realizacji tego przedsięwzięcia, który otrzymał finansowanie w ramach konkursu strategicznego programu badań naukowych i prac rozwojowych „Społeczny i gospodarczy rozwój Polski w warunkach globalizujących się rynków” GOSPOSTRATEG organizowanego przez Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju.
Deep learning for rapid analysis of cell divisions in vivo during epithelial morphogenesis and repair
Authors: Turley Jake , Chenchiah Isaac V. , Martin Paul , Liverpool Tanniemola B. , Weavers Helen
Published: August 2023

Cell division is fundamental to all healthy tissue growth, as well as being rate-limiting in the tissue repair response to wounding and during cancer progression. However, the role that cell divisions play in tissue growth is a collective one, requiring the integration of many individual cell division events. It is particularly difficult to accurately detect and quantify multiple features of large numbers of cell divisions (including their spatio-temporal synchronicity and orientation), over extended periods of time. It would thus be advantageous to perform such analyses in an automated fashion, which can naturally be much enabled using Deep Learning. Hence, here we have developed a pipeline of Deep Learning Models that accurately identify dividing cells in timelapse movies of epithelial tissues
in vivo
. Our pipeline also determines their axis of division orientation, as well as their shape changes before and after division. This strategy has enabled us to analyse the dynamic profile of cell divisions within the
Drosophila
pupal wing epithelium, both as it undergoes developmental morphogenesis, and as it repairs following laser wounding. We show that the axis of division is biased according to lines of tissue tension and that wounding triggers a synchronised (but not oriented) wave of cell divisions back from the leading edge.Accurate and efficient detection of epithelial cell divisions can be automated by deep learning of dynamic time-lapse imaging dataOptimal division detection is achieved using multiple timepoints and dual channels for visualisation of nuclei and cell boundariesEpithelial cell divisions are orientated according to lines of tissue tensionSpatio-temporal cell division analyses following wounding reveal spatial synchronicity that scales with wound sizeAdditional deep learning tools enable rapid analysis of cell division orientation
Rapid cloning-free mutagenesis of new SARS-CoV-2 variants using a novel reverse genetics platform
Authors: Kipfer Enja Tatjana , Hauser David , Lett Martin J , Otte Fabian , Urda Lorena , Zhang Yuepeng , Lang Christopher MR , Chami Mohamed , Mittelholzer Christian , Klimkait Thomas
Published: August 2023

Reverse genetic systems enable the engineering of RNA virus genomes and are instrumental in studying RNA virus biology. With the recent outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, already established methods were challenged by the large genome of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Herein we present an elaborated strategy for the rapid and straightforward rescue of recombinant plus-stranded RNA viruses with high sequence fidelity using the example of SARS-CoV-2. The strategy called CLEVER (CLoning-free and Exchangeable system for Virus Engineering and Rescue) is based on the intracellular recombination of transfected overlapping DNA fragments allowing the direct mutagenesis within the initial PCR-amplification step. Furthermore, by introducing a linker fragment – harboring all heterologous sequences – viral RNA can directly serve as a template for manipulating and rescuing recombinant mutant virus, without any cloning step. Overall, this strategy will facilitate recombinant SARS-CoV-2 rescue and accelerate its manipulation. Using our protocol, newly emerging variants can quickly be engineered to further elucidate their biology. To demonstrate its potential as a reverse genetics platform for plus-stranded RNA viruses, the protocol has been successfully applied for the cloning-free rescue of recombinant Chikungunya and Dengue virus.
Transcriptomic atlas of midbrain dopamine neurons uncovers differential vulnerability in a Parkinsonism lesion model
Authors: Yaghmaeian Salmani Behzad , Lahti Laura , Gillberg Linda , Jacobsen Jesper Kjaer , Mantas Ioannis , Svenningsson Per , Perlmann Thomas
Published: August 2023

Midbrain dopamine (mDA) neurons comprise diverse cells with unique innervation targets and functions. This is illustrated by the selective sensitivity of mDA neurons of the substantia nigra compacta (SNc) in patients with Parkinson’s disease, while those in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) are relatively spared. Here, we used single nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) of approximately 70,000 mouse midbrain cells to build a high-resolution atlas of mouse mDA neuron diversity at the molecular level. The results showed that differences between mDA neuron groups could best be understood as a continuum without sharp differences between subtypes. Thus, we assigned mDA neurons to several ‘territories’ and ‘neighborhoods’ within a shifting gene expression landscape where boundaries are gradual rather than discrete. Based on the enriched gene expression patterns of these territories and neighborhoods, we were able to localize them in the adult mouse midbrain. Moreover, because the underlying mechanisms for the variable sensitivities of diverse mDA neurons to pathological insults are not well understood, we analyzed surviving neurons after partial 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions to unravel gene expression patterns that correlate with mDA neuron vulnerability and resilience. Together, this atlas provides a basis for further studies on the neurophysiological role of mDA neurons in health and disease.
Effects of passages through an insect or a plant on virulence and physiological properties of the fungus Metarhizium robertsii
Authors: Tomilova Oksana G. , Kryukov Vadim Y. , Kryukova Natalia A. , Tolokonnikova Khristina P. , Tokarev Yuri S. , Rumiantseva Arina S. , Alekseev Alexander A. , Glupov Viktor V.
Published: August 2023

Species of the genus Metarhizium are characterized by a multitrophic lifestyle of being arthropod parasites, rhizosphere colonizers, endophytes, and saprophytes. The process of adaptation to various organisms and substrates may lead to specific physiological alterations that can be elucidated by passaging through different hosts. Changes in virulence and cultivation properties of entomopathogenic fungi subcultured on different media or passaged through a live insect host are well known. Nevertheless, comparative in-depth physiological studies on fungi after passaging through insect or plant organisms are scarce. Here, virulence, plant colonization, hydrolytic enzymatic activities, toxin production, and antimicrobial action were compared between stable (nondegenerative) parent strain Metarhizium robertsii MB-1 and its reisolates obtained after eight passages through Galleria mellonella larvae or Solanum lycopersicum or after subculturing on the Sabouraud medium. The passaging through the insect caused similar physiological alterations relative to the plant-based passaging: elevation of destruxin A, B, and E production, a decrease in protease and lipase activities, and lowering of virulence toward G. mellonella and Leptinotarsa decemlineata as compared to the parent strain. The reisolates passaged through the insect or plant showed a slight trend toward increased tomato colonization and enhanced antagonistic action on tomato-associated bacterium Bacillus pumilus as compared to the parental strain. Meanwhile, the subculturing of MB-1 on the Sabouraud medium showed stability of the studied parameters, with minimal alterations relative to the parental strain. We propose that the fungal virulence factors are reprioritized during adaptation of M. robertsii to insects, plants, and media.
Viability of ESports Service Provider in the Local Market in the Second District of Albay: Opportunity of Investment
Authors: Magcalen Willard Nathan
Published: August 2023

Online gaming is now a spectator sport, thanks to ESports. The experience is similar to watching a professional athletic event, but viewers see video gamers compete against one another instead of a physical contest. This qualitative research determined ESport’s viability status in the 2nd District of Albay. It sought to determine the status of the business requirements needed to establish an ESports business along with Network Infrastructure, Legal requirements, and Stability of power. It also evaluates the viability of ESports in the local market regarding technical and economic requirements. It focuses on the challenges of the Department of Information and Communication Technology (DICT) in providing opportunities for investment in e-services. Lastly, this research proposed a business process mapping model canvas that potential investors can adopt. The study revealed limited information regarding the stability of power in the context of ESports. No specific information was provided regarding how power stability is ensured or what measures are taken to ensure uninterrupted power supply during ESports tournaments. Likewise, power outages and fluctuations can cause disruptions and affect the gameplay, leading to frustration for players and viewers. Regularly maintaining electrical equipment and wiring is also necessary to prevent power outages and hazards. Technically ESports is viable, despite challenges that may be encountered, and does create a business model canvas.