bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A State-of-the-Art Review on the Security of Mainstream IoT Wireless PAN Protocol Stacks
Authors: Kambourakis Georgios , Kolias Constantinos , Geneiatakis Dimitrios , Karopoulos Georgios , Makrakis Georgios Michail , Kounelis Ioannis
Published: April 2020

Protocol stacks specifically designed for the Internet of Things (IoT) have become commonplace. At the same time, security and privacy concerns regarding IoT technologies are also attracting significant attention given the risks that are inherently associated with the respective devices and their numerous applications, ranging from healthcare, smart homes, and cities, to intelligent transportation systems and industrial automation. Considering the still heterogeneous nature of the majority of IoT protocols, a major concern is to find common references for investigating and analyzing their security and privacy threats. To this end, and on top of the current literature, this work provides a comprehensive, vis-à-vis comparison of the security aspects of the thus far most widespread IoT Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) protocols, namely BLE, Z-Wave, ZigBee, Thread, and EnOcean. A succinct but exhaustive review of the relevant literature from 2013 up to now is offered as a side contribution.
DR-SCIR Public Opinion Propagation Model with Direct Immunity and Social Reinforcement Effect
Authors: Li Weidong , Guo Tianyi , Wang Yunming , Chen Bo
Published: April 2020

The DR-SCIR network public opinion propagation model was employed to study the characters of S-state users stopping transmitting information for the first time and secondary transmission of immune users. The model takes into account symmetry and complexity such as direct immunization and social reinforcement effect, proposes the probability of direct immunity Psr and the probability of transform from the immune state to the hesitant state Prc, and divides public opinion information into positive public opinion and negative public opinion based on whether the public opinion information is confirmed. Simulation results show that, when direct immunity Psr = 0.5, the density of I-state nodes in the model decreased by 54.12% at the peak index; when the positive social reinforcement effect factor b = 10, the density of I-state nodes in the model increased by 16.67% at the peak index; and when the negative social reinforcement effect factor b = -10, the density of I-state nodes in the model decreased by 55.36% at the peak index. It shows that increasing the positive social reinforcement effect factor b can promote the spread of positive public opinion, reducing the negative social reinforcement effect factor b can control the spread of negative public opinion, and direct immunization can effectively suppress the spread of public opinion. This model can help us better analyze the rules of public opinion on social networks, so as to maintain a healthy and harmonious network and social environment.
Stability and Dynamics of Viscoelastic Moving Rayleigh Beams with an Asymmetrical Distribution of Material Parameters
Authors: Shariati Ali , Jung Dong won , Mohammad-Sedighi Hamid , Żur Krzysztof Kamil , Habibi Mostafa , Safa Maryam
Published: April 2020

In this article, vibration of viscoelastic axially functionally graded (AFG) moving Rayleigh and Euler–Bernoulli (EB) beams are investigated and compared, aiming at a performance improvement of translating systems. Additionally, a detailed study is performed to elucidate the influence of various factors, such as the rotary inertia factor and axial gradation of material on the stability borders of the system. The material properties of the beam are distributed linearly or exponentially in the longitudinal direction. The Galerkin procedure and eigenvalue analysis are adopted to acquire the natural frequencies, dynamic configuration, and instability thresholds of the system. Furthermore, an exact analytical expression for the critical velocity of the AFG moving Rayleigh beams is presented. The stability maps and critical velocity contours for various material distributions are examined. In the case of variable density and elastic modulus, it is demonstrated that linear and exponential distributions provide a more stable system, respectively. Furthermore, the results revealed that the decrease of density gradient parameter and the increase of the elastic modulus gradient parameter enhance the natural frequencies and enlarge the instability threshold of the system. Hence, the density and elastic modulus gradients play opposite roles in the dynamic behavior of the system.
Chiral Dualism as an Instrument of Hierarchical Structure Formation in Molecular Biology
Authors: Tverdislov Vsevolod A. , Malyshko Ekaterina V.
Published: April 2020

The origin of chiral asymmetry in biology has attracted the attention of the research community throughout the years. In this paper we discuss the role of chirality and chirality sign alternation (L–D–L–D in proteins and D–L–D–L in DNA) in promoting self-organization in biology, starting at the level of single molecules and continuing to the level of supramolecular assemblies. In addition, we also discuss chiral assemblies in solutions of homochiral organic molecules. Sign-alternating chiral hierarchies created by proteins and nucleic acids are suggested to create the structural basis for the existence of selected mechanical degrees of freedom required for conformational dynamics in enzymes and macromolecular machines.
Centipede Venom Peptides Acting on Ion Channels
Authors: Chu YanYan , Qiu PeiJu , Yu RiLei
Published: April 2020

Centipedes are among the oldest venomous arthropods that use their venom to subdue the prey. The major components of centipede venom are a variety of low-molecular-weight peptide toxins that have evolved to target voltage-gated ion channels to interfere with the central system of prey and produce pain or paralysis for efficient hunting. Peptide toxins usually contain several intramolecular disulfide bonds, which confer chemical, thermal and biological stability. In addition, centipede peptides generally have novel structures and high potency and specificity and therefore hold great promise both as diagnostic tools and in the treatment of human disease. Here, we review the centipede peptide toxins with reported effects on ion channels, including Nav, Kv, Cav and the nonselective cation channel polymodal transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1).
Expansion and Conservation of Biosynthetic Gene Clusters in Pathogenic Pyrenophora spp.
Authors: Moolhuijzen Paula M. , Muria-Gonzalez Mariano Jordi , Syme Robert , Rawlinson Catherine , See Pao Theen , Moffat Caroline S. , Ellwood Simon R.
Published: April 2020

Pyrenophora is a fungal genus responsible for a number of major cereal diseases. Although fungi produce many specialised or secondary metabolites for defence and interacting with the surrounding environment, the repertoire of specialised metabolites (SM) within Pyrenophora pathogenic species remains mostly uncharted. In this study, an in-depth comparative analysis of the P. teres f. teres, P teres f. maculata and P. tritici-repentis potential to produce SMs, based on in silico predicted biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), was conducted using genome assemblies from PacBio DNA reads. Conservation of BGCs between the Pyrenophora species included type I polyketide synthases, terpene synthases and the first reporting of a type III polyketide synthase in P teres f. maculata. P. teres isolates exhibited substantial expansion of non-ribosomal peptide synthases relative to P. tritici-repentis, hallmarked by the presence of tailoring cis-acting nitrogen methyltransferase domains. P. teres isolates also possessed unique non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS)-indole and indole BGCs, while a P. tritici-repentis phytotoxin BGC for triticone production was absent in P. teres. These differences highlight diversification between the pathogens that reflects their different evolutionary histories, host adaption and lifestyles.
Interaction between PHB2 and Enterovirus A71 VP1 Induces Autophagy and Affects EV-A71 Infection
Authors: Su Weitao , Huang Shan , Zhu Huimin , Zhang Bao , Wu Xianbo
Published: April 2020

Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) is a major pathogen that causes severe and fatal cases of hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD). HFMD caused by EV-A71 seriously endangers children’s health. Although autophagy is an important antiviral defense mechanism, some viruses have evolved strategies to utilize autophagy to promote self-replication. EV-A71 can utilize autophagy vesicles as replication scaffolds, indicating that EV-A71 infection is closely related to its autophagy induction mechanism. VP1, a structural protein of EV-A71, has been reported to induce autophagy, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. In this study, we found that the C-terminus (aa 251–297) of VP1 induces autophagy. Mass spectrometry analysis suggested that prohibitin 2 (PHB2) interacts with the C-terminus of the EV-A71 VP1 protein, and this was further verified by coimmunoprecipitation assays. After PHB2 knockdown, EV-A71 replication, viral particle release, and viral protein synthesis were reduced, and autophagy was inhibited. The results suggest that PHB2 interaction with VP1 is essential for induction of autophagy and the infectivity of EV-A71. Furthermore, we confirmed that EV-A71 induced complete autophagy that required autolysosomal acidification, thus affecting EV-A71 infection. In summary, this study revealed that the host protein PHB2 is involved in an autophagy mechanism during EV-A71 infection.
A Preliminary Study of the Virome of the South American Free-Tailed Bats (Tadarida brasiliensis) and Identification of Two Novel Mammalian Viruses
Authors: Bolatti Elisa M. , Zorec Tomaž M. , Montani María E. , Hošnjak Lea , Chouhy Diego , Viarengo Gastón , Casal Pablo E. , Barquez Rubén M. , Poljak Mario , Giri Adriana A.
Published: April 2020

Bats provide important ecosystem services as pollinators, seed dispersers, and/or insect controllers, but they have also been found harboring different viruses with zoonotic potential. Virome studies in bats distributed in Asia, Africa, Europe, and North America have increased dramatically over the past decade, whereas information on viruses infecting South American species is scarce. We explored the virome of Tadarida brasiliensis, an insectivorous New World bat species inhabiting a maternity colony in Rosario (Argentina), by a metagenomic approach. The analysis of five pooled oral/anal swab samples indicated the presence of 43 different taxonomic viral families infecting a wide range of hosts. By conventional nucleic acid detection techniques and/or bioinformatics approaches, the genomes of two novel viruses were completely covered clustering into the Papillomaviridae (Tadarida brasiliensis papillomavirus type 1, TbraPV1) and Genomoviridae (Tadarida brasiliensis gemykibivirus 1, TbGkyV1) families. TbraPV1 is the first papillomavirus type identified in this host and the prototype of a novel genus. TbGkyV1 is the first genomovirus reported in New World bats and constitutes a new species within the genus Gemykibivirus. Our findings extend the knowledge about oral/anal viromes of a South American bat species and contribute to understand the evolution and genetic diversity of the novel characterized viruses.
Optimization of Green Infrastructure Practices in Industrial Areas for Runoff Management: A Review on Issues, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Jayasooriya Varuni M. , Ng Anne W.M. , Muthukumaran Shobha , Perera Chris B.J.
Published: April 2020

In urbanized lands, industrial areas are generally located close to residential and commercial areas due to ease of access for material and human resources. These industrial areas annually discharge large volumes of contaminated stormwater to receiving waters. Green Infrastructure (GI) practices, which were initially introduced as a land conservation strategy to enhance green space in urban areas, can provide benefits in source control of runoff generated in industrial areas with higher percentage of impermeable surfaces. Even though industrial areas across the world are currently looking at the applications of GI to reduce the impacts of excessive runoff and mitigate flash floods, several debates exist in optimization of these practices for such areas. In the current practice, optimal selection of GI practices for such areas are generally conducted based on expert judgement, and there are no systematic methodologies currently available for this process. This paper presents a review on various issues, challenges, and opportunities in the optimum applications of GI practices for industrial areas. The Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) analysis conducted in this review by focusing on the applications of GI practices for industrial areas, helped to identify the existing research gaps for the optimization. Furthermore, the review showed the importance of engaging the multi-disciplinary stakeholders in the GI optimization process for industrial areas. In conclusion, the present review highlights the importance of introducing a systematic methodology for the optimum applications of GI practices for industrial areas to manage stormwater.
Upcycling of Electroplating Sludge to Prepare Erdite-Bearing Nanorods for the Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Electroplating Wastewater Effluent
Authors: Liu Yanwen , Khan Asghar , Wang Zhihua , Chen Yu , Zhu Suiyi , Sun Tong , Liang Dongxu , Yu Hongbin
Published: April 2020

Electroplating sludge is a hazardous waste produced in plating and metallurgical processes which is commonly disposed of in safety landfills. In this work, electroplating sludge containing 25.6% Fe and 5.5% Co (named S1) and another containing 36.8% Fe and 7.8% Cr (S2) were recycled for the preparation of erdite-bearing particles via a facile hydrothermal route with only the addition of Na2S·9H2O. In the sludges, Fe-containing compounds were weakly crystallized and spontaneously converted to short rod-like erdite particles (SP1) in the presence of Co or long nanorod (SP2) particles with a diameter of 100 nm and length of 0.5–1.5 μm in the presence of Cr. The two products, SP1 and SP2, were applied in electroplating wastewater treatment, in which a small portion of Co in SP1 was released in wastewater, whereas Cr in SP2 was not. Adding 0.3 g/L SP2 resulted in the removal of 99.7% of Zn, 99.4% of Cu, 37.9% of Ni and 53.3% of Co in the electroplating wastewater, with residues at concentrations of 0.007, 0.003, 0.33, 0.09 and 0.002 mg/L, respectively. Thus, the treated electroplating wastewater met the discharge standard for electroplating wastewater in China. These removal efficiencies were higher than those achieved using powdered activated carbon, polyaluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate or pure Na2S·9H2O reagent. With the method, waste electroplating sludge was recycled as nanorod erdite-bearing particles which showed superior efficiency in electroplating wastewater treatment.
Managed Aquifer Recharge of Monsoon Runoff Using Village Ponds: Performance Assessment of a Pilot Trial in the Ramganga Basin, India
Authors: Alam Mohammad Faiz , Pavelic Paul , Sharma Navneet , Sikka Alok
Published: April 2020

The managed aquifer recharge (MAR) of excess monsoonal runoff to mitigate downstream flooding and enhance groundwater storage has received limited attention across the Indo-Gangetic Plain of the Indian subcontinent. Here, we assess the performance of a pilot MAR trial carried out in the Ramganga basin in India. The pilot consisted of a battery of 10 recharge wells, each 24 to 30 m deep, installed in a formerly unused village pond situated adjacent to an irrigation canal that provided river water during the monsoon season. Over three years of pilot testing, volumes ranging from 26,000 to 62,000 m3 were recharged each year over durations ranging from 62 to 85 days. These volumes are equivalent to 1.3–3.6% of the total recharge in the village, and would be sufficient to irrigate 8 to 18 hectares of rabi season crop. High inter-year variation in performance was observed, with yearly average recharge rates ranging from 430 to 775 m3 day−1 (164–295 mm day−1) and overall average recharge rates of 580 m3 day−1 (221 mm day−1). High intra-year variation was also observed, with recharge rates at the end of recharge period reducing by 72%, 88% and 96% in 2016, 2017 and 2018 respectively, relative to the initial recharge rates. The observed inter- and intra-year variability is due to the groundwater levels that strongly influence gravity recharge heads and lateral groundwater flows, as well as the source water quality, which leads to clogging. The increase in groundwater levels in response to MAR was found to be limited due to the high specific yield and transmissivity of the alluvial aquifer, and, in all but one year, was difficult to distinguish from the overall groundwater level rise due to a range of confounding factors. The results from this study provide the first systematic, multi-year assessment of the performance of pilot-scale MAR harnessing village ponds in the intensively groundwater irrigated, flood prone, alluvial aquifers of the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
Concentrations and Loads of Dissolved and Particulate Organic Carbon in Urban Stormwater Runoff
Authors: Kalev Stefan , Toor Gurpal S.
Published: April 2020

Urban landscapes are significant contributors of organic carbon (OC) in receiving waters, where elevated levels of OC limit the light availability, increase the transport of pollutants, and result in high costs of potable water treatment. Our objective in this study was to investigate the concentrations, fractions (dissolved and particulate), and loads of OC in a residential catchment (3.89 ha drainage area) located in Florida, United States. The outlet of the stormwater pipe draining the residential catchment was instrumented with an automated sampler, a flowmeter, and a rain gauge. The rainfall and runoff samples collected over 25 storm events during the 2016 wet season (June to September) were analyzed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total organic carbon (TOC), with particulate OC (POC) calculated as the difference between TOC and DOC. Mean concentration of DOC was 2.3 ± 1.7 mg L−1 and POC was 0.3 ± 0.3 mg L−1 in the rainfall, whereas DOC was 10.5 ± 6.20 mg L−1 and POC was 2.00 ± 4.05 mg L−1 in the stormwater runoff. Concentrations of DOC were higher during the rising limb of the hydrograph in 15 out of 25 storm events, suggesting flushing of DOC, with an increase in the amount of runoff, from the landscape sources in the residential catchment. The estimated total export of OC during the 2016 wet season was 66.0 kg ha−1, of which DOC was 56.9 kg ha−1 (86.2% of TOC), and POC was 9.1 kg ha−1 (13.8% of TOC). High concentrations and loads of OC, especially DOC, in the stormwater runoff imply that residential catchments in urban watersheds are hot-spots of DOC influx to water bodies. Reducing DOC transport in the urban landscapes is complex and require identifying the origin of DOC and then using site-specific targeted approaches to mitigate DOC loss.
Groundwater Circulation in Fractured and Karstic Aquifers of the Umbria-Marche Apennine
Authors: Tamburini Andrea , Menichetti Marco
Published: April 2020

The Umbria-Marche Apennine has a large number of springs that drain water stored in carbonate formations. Spring groundwater constitutes a crucial freshwater resource for many countries, regions, and cities around the world. This study aimed to understand the hydrological mechanisms behind groundwater circulation and their relationship to the structural and stratigraphic settings of specific aquifers. Recession analysis and time series analysis were applied to the daily discharge of six springs monitored over eight years. Both analyses indicated the presence of two types of aquifers: aquifer with unimodal behavior and aquifer with bimodal behavior. The first are characterized by two hydrodynamic sub-regimes, in which fracture networks control the baseflow and conduit networks control the quickflow. In contrast, other springs present only one hydrodynamic sub-regime related to fracture network drainage. Time series analysis confirms the results of recession analysis, showing a large memory effect and a large response time, implying the dominance of the baseflow sub-regime. These results indicate that the Maiolica Formation is characterized by a high degree of fracturation and slight karstification, which control infiltration and percolation, whereas the Calcare Massiccio Formation regulates groundwater circulation in the deeper zones of the aquifer, characterized by a high degree of karstification through moderately developed conduit networks.
Sociohydrologic Systems Thinking: An Analysis of Undergraduate Students’ Operationalization and Modeling of Coupled Human-Water Systems
Authors: Lally Diane , Forbes Cory
Published: April 2020

One of the keys to science and environmental literacy is systems thinking. Learning how to think about the interactions between systems, the far-reaching effects of a system, and the dynamic nature of systems are all critical outcomes of science learning. However, students need support to develop systems thinking skills in undergraduate geoscience classrooms. While systems thinking-focused instruction has the potential to benefit student learning, gaps exist in our understanding of students’ use of systems thinking to operationalize and model SHS, as well as their metacognitive evaluation of systems thinking. To address this need, we have designed, implemented, refined, and studied an introductory-level, interdisciplinary course focused on coupled human-water, or sociohydrologic, systems. Data for this study comes from three consecutive iterations of the course and involves student models and explanations for a socio-hydrologic issue (n = 163). To analyze this data, we counted themed features of the drawn models and applied an operationalization rubric to the written responses. Analyses of the written explanations reveal statistically-significant differences between underlying categories of systems thinking (F(5, 768) = 401.6, p < 0.05). Students were best able to operationalize their systems thinking about problem identification (M = 2.22, SD = 0.73) as compared to unintended consequences (M = 1.43, SD = 1.11). Student-generated systems thinking models revealed statistically significant differences between system components, patterns, and mechanisms, F(2, 132) = 3.06, p < 0.05. Students focused most strongly on system components (M = 13.54, SD = 7.15) as compared to related processes or mechanisms. Qualitative data demonstrated three types of model limitation including scope/scale, temporal, and specific components/mechanisms/patterns excluded. These findings have implications for supporting systems thinking in undergraduate geoscience classrooms, as well as insight into links between these two skills.
Spatial Forecasting of Dissolved Oxygen Concentration in the Eastern Black Sea Basin, Turkey
Authors: Nacar Sinan , Bayram Adem , Baki Osman Tugrul , Kankal Murat , Aras Egemen
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to model, as well as monitor and assess the surface water quality in the Eastern Black Sea (EBS) Basin stream, Turkey. The water-quality indicators monitored monthly for the seven streams were water temperature (WT), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC), as well as luminescent dissolved oxygen (LDO) concentration and saturation. Based on an 18-month data monitoring, the surface water quality variation was spatially and temporally evaluated with reference to the Turkish Surface Water Quality Regulation. First, the teaching–learning based optimization (TLBO) algorithm and conventional regression analysis (CRA) were applied to three different regression forms, i.e., exponential, power, and linear functions, to predict LDO concentrations. Then, the multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) method was employed and three performance measures, namely, mean absolute error (MAE), root means square error (RMSE), and Nash Sutcliffe coefficient of efficiency (NSCE) were used to evaluate the performances of the MARS, TLBO, and CRA methods. The monitoring results revealed that all streams showed the same trend in that lower WT values in the winter months resulted in higher LDO concentrations, while higher WT values in summer led to lower LDO concentrations. Similarly, autumn, which presented the higher TDS concentrations brought about higher EC values, while spring, which presented the lower TDS concentrations gave rise to lower EC values. It was concluded that the water quality of the streams in the EBS basin was high-quality water in terms of the parameters monitored in situ, of which the LDO concentration varied from 9.13 to 10.12 mg/L in summer and from 12.31 to 13.26 mg/L in winter. When the prediction accuracies of the three models were compared, it was seen that the MARS method provided more successful results than the other methods. The results of the TLBO and the CRA methods were very close to each other. The RMSE, MAE, and NSCE values were 0.2599 mg/L, 0.2125 mg/L, and 0.9645, respectively, for the best MARS model, while these values were 0.4167 mg/L, 0.3068 mg/L, and 0.9086, respectively, for the best TLBO and CRA models. In general, the LDO concentration could be successfully predicted using the MARS method with various input combinations of WT, EC, and pH variables.
Correction: Mayer, A., et al. A Comprehensive Modelling Approach to Assess Water Use Efficiencies of Different Irrigation Management Options in Rice Irrigation Districts of Northern Italy. Water 2019, 11, 1833
Authors: Mayer Alice , Rienzner Michele , de Maria Sandra Cesari , Romani Marco , Lasagna Alberto , Facchi Arianna
Published: April 2020

In the published article [1] the authors noticed an error in the ‘Percolation or Capillary Rise’ values reported in Table 4, column 4, and wish to make the following correction to their paper [1]: Table 4 should be replaced with the following: Actual Evapotranspiration (mm) Irrigation (mm) Percolation (−) or Capillary Rise (+) (mm) WUE (%) Maize 449 620 (438, 705) −589 (−243, −732) 50 (61, 44) Irrigated poplar 348 300 (300, 300) −247 (−215, −252) 57 (50, 58) Rainfed poplar 487 0 −18 (+232, −57) 159 (149, 159) WDA rice 537 1394 (964, 1620) −1002 (−491, −1206) 34 (43, 29) WFL rice 592 1852 (1508, 2210) −1266 (−860, −1693) 28 (32, 23) [...]
The Influence of Residual Coagulant Al on the Biofilm EPS and Membrane Fouling Potential in Wastewater Reclamation
Authors: Sun Shu , Zhao Zhenhao , Cui Xiaochun , Huo Mingxin , Geng Zhi
Published: April 2020

Biofouling is inevitable in wastewater reclamation when using membrane technology. In particular, the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) from biofilm is a major contributor to biofouling. Coagulation is critical in the process of reusing wastewater before membrane treatment, and residual coagulants (e.g., Al salts) are able to alter the characteristics of the biofilm EPS. However, the distribution of residual Al across varying biofilm EPS fractions and its effect on the membrane fouling potential resulting from biofilm EPS remains unclear. We found that 34% of the residual Al was present in the soluble EPS (S-EPS), 26% in the loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS) and 40% in the tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS). Moreover, compared with the control groups, the residual Al in biofilm induced more biofilm formation and more EPS formation. Al reduced the zeta potential and increased the hydrophobicity of the EPS. These changes induced a significant rise in the membrane fouling potential of S-EPS and LB-EPS. This work provides coagulation support for wastewater reclamation using membrane technology.
Controlled Reservoir Drawdown—Challenges for Sediment Management and Integrative Monitoring: An Austrian Case Study—Part A: Reach Scale
Authors: Hauer Christoph , Haimann Marlene , Holzapfel Patrick , Flödl Peter , Wagner Beatrice , Hubmann Michael , Hofer Bernhard , Habersack Helmut , Schletterer Martin
Published: April 2020

For Europe, a reduction of 80% of the potential storage volume due to reservoir sedimentation is predicted by 2080. Sedimentation processes trigger the decrease of the storage volume and a related restriction in hydropower production. Further, the artificial downstream flushing of deposited fines has manifold effects on the aquatic ecology, including changes in morphology and sediment quality, as well as increased turbidity and subsequent stress for aquatic species. However, it is common to lower the water surface of reservoirs for technical inspections, which is not comparable to reservoir flushing operations. The presented case study deals with such a controlled drawdown beyond the operational level of the Gepatsch reservoir (Tyrol, Austria). Based on the awareness of possible ecological consequences, an advanced set of measures and an integrative monitoring design, consisting of a detailed event-based quantification of suspended sediments, changes in the morphology, especially with respect to fine sediments, and analyses of the biological quality element fish on the reach scale along the Inn River have been developed.
Living at the Water’s Edge: A World-Wide Econometric Panel Estimation of Arable Water Footprint Drivers
Authors: Gracia-de-Rentería Pilar , Philippidis George , Ferrer-Pérez Hugo , Sanjuán Ana
Published: April 2020

As part of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for ensuring clean water and sanitation worldwide by 2030, SDG target 6.4 seeks to attain sustainable withdrawals of freshwater through efficiency gains with a view to relieving water stress in vulnerable populated areas. The water footprint (WF) is a key metric to measure this concept, although the dynamics of the drivers of the WF through space and time remain relatively under-researched, whilst in foresight studies, the WF is often subject to simplistic assumptions. Thus, constructing a panel dataset of 130 countries and 156 crops for the period 2002–2016, this paper empirically assesses the sign and magnitude of WF drivers of agricultural crop activities, employing a careful selection of demographic, economic and climatic drivers. The study uncovers evidence of significant deviations in WF drivers across regions segmented by relative wealth, relating specifically to the stage of economic development and the presence (absence) of economies of scale, whilst we confirm that geographical coordinates have a major bearing on the climatic WF driver. Moreover, examining the temporal dimension, there is compelling evidence supporting a structural break in the role that technical progress exerted on the WF prior to, and in the wake of, the 2008 financial crisis.
Pengaruh Latihan Lompat Paralon Karet terhadap Hasil Lompat Jauh Gaya Jongkok pada Siswa Ekstrakurikuler SD Negeri 8 Mendobarat
Authors: Armanda Yuda , Ulfah Widati Amalin , Walton Erick Prayogo
Published: April 2020

Paralon karet adalah peralatan modifikasi yang terbuat dari pipa plastik dan menggunakan karet gelang sebagai mistar dibagian atas paralon. Latihan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh latihan lompat paralon karet terhadap hasil lompat jauh gaya jongkok pada siswa ekstrakurikuler SD Negeri 8 Mendobarat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dengan One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa yang aktif dalam mengikuti ekstrakurikuler di SD Negeri 8 Mendobarat. Sampel yang digunakan berjumlah 20 orang siswa yang aktif dalam mengikuti ekstrakurikuler. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah sampling jenuh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa nilai hasil uji normalitas dari pretest (tes awal) adalah 0,149, sedangkan hasil postest (tes akhir) adalah 0,173. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t berhubungan diperoleh nilai thitung > ttabel pada taraf signifikan 0,05 yaitu 2,857 > 1,729, sehingga dapat diambil keputusan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini membuktikan, ada pengaruh signifikan latihan lompat paralon karet terhadap hasil lompat jauh gaya jongkok pada siswa ekstrakurikuler SD Negeri 8 Mendobarat.
Pengaruh Latihan Kelincahan terhadap Kemampuan Menggiring Bola pada Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Sepakbola SMA Negeri 1 Jebus
Authors: Asfanza Asfanza , Putranto Dedy , Oktarina Oktarina
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi kurangnya kemampuan menggiring bolapada siswa saat melakukan teknik menggiring pada permainan sepakbola belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan kelincahan terhadap kemampuan menggiring bola pada siswa ekstrakurikuler sepakbola SMA Negeri 1 Jebus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan metode penelitian eksperimen, desain yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu one grouppretest-postest design, populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa ekstrakurikuler sepakbola SMA Negeri 1 Jebus yang berjumlah 30 siswa. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan teknik Sampling jenuh. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes menggiring bola. Untuk analisis data peneliti menggunakan uji normalitas, dan uji hipotesis. Berdasarkanhasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t berhubungan diperoleh nilai thitung  > ttabel pada taraf signifikan 0,05 yaitu 11,549 >1,699, sehingga dapat diambil keputusan bahwa Hoditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini membuktikan, ada pengaruh signifikan latihan kelincahan terhadap kemampuan menggiring bola pada siswa ekstrakurikuler sepakbola SMA Negeri 1 Jebus.
Pengaruh Latihan Media Karet Ban terhadap Keterampilan Servis Bawah Bola Voli Siswa Ekstrakurikuler di SMP Negeri 5 Pangkalpinang
Authors: Supratio Bambang , Putranto Dedy , Oktarina Oktarina
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh latihan media karet ban terhadap keterampilan servis bawah bola voli siswa ekstrakurikuler di SMP  Negeri 5 Pangkapinang. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, metode True Eksperimental Design, dengan bentuk desain penelitian Pretest Posttest Control Group Design dengan 1 macam perlakuan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan pengukuran. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa yang mengikuti kegiatan ekstrakurikuler di SMP Negeri 5 Pangkalpinang yang berjumlah 24 siswa. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berumlah 24 siswa dengan pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik sampling jenuh. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah keterampilan servis bawah bola voli dari Nurhasan. Setelah semua data dianalis dengan berbagai tahapan yang dimulai dengan uji statistika untuk menentukan mean, median, modus, standar deviasi, varian dan range. Kemudian dilakukan uji normalitas data, uji homogenitas dan uji hipotesis dengan syarat thitung lebih besar dari ttabel. Hasil hipotesis menggunakan uji-t, diperoleh hasil thitung lebih besar dari ttabel yaitu thitung 3,548 > ttabel 2,074 yang berarti H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh latihan media karet ban terhadap keterampilan servis bola voli siswa ekstrakurikuler di SMP Negeri 5  Pangkalpinang.
Pengaruh Latihan Fartlek terhadap Daya Tahan Cardiovascular pada Siswa Ekstrakurikuler Futsal Madrasah Aliyah Al-Ittihadiyah Al-Islamiyah Sungaiselan
Authors: Lavenia Nia , Putranto Dedy , Walton Erick Prayogo
Published: April 2020

Fartlek (speedplay) adalah suatu sistem latihan daya tahan tubuh yang dimaksudkan untuk membangun, mengembangkan dan memelihara kondisi tubuh seseorang. latihan yang tujuannya untuk meningkatkan daya tahan dan kecepatan dalam waktu yang lama. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan one group pretest-postest design yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan fartlek terhadap daya tahan cardiovascular siswa ekstrakurikuler futsal Madrasah Aliyah AIAI Sungaiselan. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswa ekstrakurikuler futsal yang berjumlah sebanyak 20 orang siswa yang akan diberikan perlakuan latihan fartlek. Pertemuan dilakukan sebanyak 16 kali pertemuan, sudah termasuk pretest dan postes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa nilai hasil uji normalitas dari pretest (tes awal) adalah -438,68, sedangkan hasil postest (tes akhir) adalah -694,97. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t berhubungan diperoleh nilai thitung  > ttabel pada taraf signifikan 0,05 yaitu 11,83 > 1,729, sehingga dapat diambil keputusan bahwa Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini membuktikan, ada pengaruh signifikan latihan fartlek terhadap daya tahan cardiovascular siswa ekstrakurikuler futsal Madrasah Aliyah AIAI Sungaiselan.
Pengaruh Latihan Juggling Menggunakan Bola Karet terhadap Kemampuan Sepak Sila Permainan Sepak Takraw pada Ekstrakurikuler Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Lepar Pongok
Authors: Sandi Sandi , Yuanita Yuanita , Oktarina Oktarina
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Latihan Juggling Menggunakan Bola Karet Terhadap Kemampuan Sepak Sila dalam Permainan Sepak Takraw di SMA Negeri 1 Lepar Pongok. Latihan bola karet digunakan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan sepak sila sehingga kemampuan sepak sila siswa akan meningkat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, penelitian eksperimen dengan bentuk desain pretest dan posttest control group design dengan 1 macam perlakuan, teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tes dan pengukuran, populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa ekstrakurikuler sepak takraw di SMA Negeri 1 Lepar Pongok yang berjumlah 26 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukan, bahwa nilai hasil uji normalitas dari pretest (tes awal) adalah 0,196 sedangkan hasil postest (tes akhir) adalah 0,198 berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji-t berhubungan diperoleh nilai  >  Pada taraf signifikan 0,05 yaitu, 3,704>2,060, sehingga dapat diambil keputusan bahwa  ditolak dan  diterima, hal ini membuktikan, ada pengaruh siknifikan Latihan Juggling Menggunakan Bola Karet terhadap Kemampuan Sepak Sila dalam Permainan Sepak Takraw pada Ekstrakurikules Siswa SMA Negeri 1 Lepar Pongok.
THE INFLUENCE OF INTELLECTUAL CAPITAL AND SHARIA COMPLIANCE TO THE BANKING FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Azzahra Khoirunnisa
Published: April 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of intellectual capital and Sharia Compliance on Financial Performance. This study also uses several variables that are identified as factors that affect Financial Performance including intellectual capital as measured by using Value Added Intellectual Coefficient (VAIC), and sharia compliance as measured by using Islamic Income Ratio (IsIR) proxy. The research method used is quantitative descriptive by using multiple linear regression test models. Sampling was carried out using a purposive sampling method so that 7 Islamic banks in Indonesia were obtained with 42 researched data used as research samples and hypothesis testing was performed using simultaneous significant tests (F test) and partial significant tests (t test) with ɑ = 5%. F Test results show that intellectual capital, and sharia compliance together have a significant positive effect on financial performance. T test results show that intellectual capital and Sharia Compliance have a significant positive effect on financial performance.
COST OF GOODS SOLD OF WAJIK AT CAP KUDA TERBANG SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISE IN BLITAR: AN ANALYSIS
Authors: Suprianto Suprianto , Elvianita Martanti Diana
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine the calculation of cost of goods sold of Wajik at Mrs. Sulasmi’s Cap Kuda Terbang Small and Medium Enterprise (UKM) in Kademangan, Blitar Regency. This research was carried out to figure out how to determine the selling price of Wajik, and to analyze whether the selling price was appropriate. The research method used in this research was qualitative approach so that it can develop and obtain in-depth findings. Data were obtained through interviews and observations. The data of interview and observation were subsequently analyzed to find out how to determine the selling price of Wajik at UKM Cap Kuda Terbang, and to analyze whether the prize has yet to be approriate. The technique used to check the validity of the data was the triangulation technique. Findings show that the cost of goods sold based on full costing method was higher than the cost of goods sold calculated by the company; it appears that there are differences in the calculation of cost of goods sold according to the company after being evaluated.
PARADIGM CONTESTATION IN NATIONAL LEGAL SYSTEM: A STUDY OF UNIFICATION OF MARITAL AGE REGULATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Khaidarulloh Khaidarulloh
Published: April 2020

This article focuses on the study of the unification of marital age in Indonesia with the contestation of legal paradigms that occur, both on the government side through legislators and on non-government parties such as the influence of religious ideology or the role of other humanitarian activists. The issue of marital age is not a dynamic issue, either juridical or sociological problems are strongly reflected in the discourse that has developed to date. The results of the study show that even though marital age has been compared to the new rules through Law No. 16 of 2019 stating that the minimum marital age for the bride and groom is 19 years, yet the potentials of the legal paradigm contestation in the national marriage legal system will always develop along with the social dynamics of the community.
Application development using MicroServices
Authors: Gill Karanbir , Ramesh Praneeth , Fiaidhi Jinan
Published: April 2020

Application development has been in a trend for a while in which all small services can be scaled, deployed and tested independently. In this paper we have discussed the micro service architecture and moreover how to implement a simple set of micro services and integrating it with a memory database.
Encrypted Communications: All is not what it seems
Authors: Vankayalapati Nikhil , Sapkota Roshan , Fiaidhi Jinan
Published: April 2020

The paper discusses about a symmetric encryption process called Fernet which is used for encrypting and decrypting the data. It also describes various types of attacks on encrypted data and why encryption is never 100% secure from attacks.
A Novelty in Blahut-Arimoto T ype Algorithms: Optimal Control over Noisy Commu nication Channels
Authors: Zamanipour Makan
Published: April 2020

A probability-theoretic problem under information constraints for the concept of optimal control over a noisy-memoryless channel is considered. For our \textit{Observer-Controller} block, i.e., the lossy joint-source-channel-coding (JSCC) scheme, after providing the relative mathematical expressions, we propose a \textit{Blahut-Arimoto}-type algorithm $-$ which is, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time. The algorithm efficiently finds the probability-mass-functions (PMFs) required for .......................................
Deep Complex-valued Convolutional Neural Network for Drone Recognition Based on RF Fingerprinting
Authors: Gu Hao , Qing Guangwei , Wang Yu , Hong Sheng , Gui Guan , Gacanin Haris , Adachi Fumiyuki
Published: April 2020

Drones-aided ubiquitous applications play more and more important roles in our daily life. Accurate recognition of drones is required in aviation management due to their potential risks and even disasters.

Radio frequency (RF) fingerprinting-based recognition technology based on deep learning is considered as one of the effective approaches to extract hidden abstract features from RF data of drones. Existing deep learning-based methods are either a high computational burden or low accuracy.

In this paper, we propose a deep complex-valued convolutional neural network (DC-CNN) method based on RF fingerprinting for recognizing different drones.

Compared with existing recognition methods, the DC-CNN method has the advantages of high recognition accuracy, fast running time and small network complexity.

Nine algorithm models and two datasets are used to represent the superior performance of our system.

Experimental results show that our proposed DC-CNN can achieve recognition accuracy of 99.5\% and 74.1\% respectively on 4 and 8 classes of RF drone datasets.
Introduction to Blockchain and Cryptocurrenncy
Authors: Pitroda Vidhi , Shah Vraj , Fiaidhi Jinan
Published: April 2020

In recent years blockchain technology has become
mainstream research topic because of its decentralized, peer to peer
transaction and anonymity properties. There are several applications of
blockchain which are secure and easy as compare to the current techniques. One
of the applications is a smart contract. Smart contracts are lines of code
which are stored on a blockchain and automatically executed when the conditions
defined by the it (developer) are met. This smart contract with the addition of
blockchain technology can do task fast and with high security. In this paper we have developed a smart
contract for a generalized notary application on solidity, Ethereum and the application
is tested using the truffle suite. Furthermore, applications and their methodology
for notary applications are also mentioned.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA JENIS TERAPI HIPERTENSI PADA ANGKA KEJADIAN GAGAL GINJAL DI RSUD DR. R. SOEDJONO SELONG
Authors: Nauval Muhammad , Hasanah Uswatun
Published: April 2020

Hipertensi merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya end-stage renal disease (ERDS) bersama dengan diabetes mellitus. Hipertensi yang berlangsung lama dapat mengakibatkan perubahan-perubahan struktur pada arteriol di seluruh tubuh, ditandai dengan fibrosis dan sklerosis dinding pembuluh darah. Organ sasaran utama keadaan ini adalah salah satunya ginjal. Beratnya pengaruh hipertensi pada ginjal tergantung dari tingginya tekanan darah dan lamanya menderita hipertensi. Semakin tinggi tekanan darah dalam waktu lama maka semakin berat komplikasi yang dapat ditimbulkan. Pemberian terapi hipertensi yang adekuat akan dapat mencegah komplikasi yang di timbulkan oleh penyakit hipertensi. Terapi kombinasi diberikan untuk meningkatkan kontrol tekanan darah dalam batas normal pada penderita hipertensi.Subjek penelitian merupakan pasien hipertensi kronis dengan lama hipertensi > 3 tahun. Jumlah sample dalam penelitian ini adalah 79 orang. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan penelusuran rekam medis pasien hipertensi kronis yang berobat di RSUD DR. R Soedjono selong. Subjek pria sebanyak 35 orang (44,3%) dan wanita 44 orang (55,7%). Sebanyak 34 (43,03%) orang mendapatkan monoterapi, dan 45 (56,96%) orang lainnya menerima terapi kombinasi.Jenis penelitian ini adalah observasional analitik dengan pendekatan rancangan Cross sectional. Tempat penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. R. Soedjono Selong. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan April-Mei 2017.Hasil Uji Chi Kuadrat (X2) diperoleh nilai signifikan 0,001 (p<0,05) dan CI 95% 1.106-1.303, berarti terdapat hubungan bermakna antara jenis terapi hipertensi dengan kejadian gagal ginjal pada RSUD DR. R. Soedjono Selong. Odds Ratio (OR) di dapatkan sebesar 5.147. (CI 95% : 1.960-13.513) menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara jenis terapi hipertensi dengan kejadian gagal ginjal.
DIAGNOSIS DAN PENATALAKSANAAN ANGIOEDEMA DI BIDANG THT-KL
Authors: Oka Sari Utari I Gusti Ayu , Sudiasa Sudiasa , Prapyatiningsih R Yully
Published: April 2020

Angioedema adalah edema yang melibatkan lapisan yang lebih dalam dari kulit yaitu dermis, jaringan subkutan, mukosa dan submukosa karena terjadinya peningkatan permeabilitas kapiler akibat mediator inflamasi. Angioedema pertama kali disebarluaskan oleh Heinrich Quincke pada tahun 1882 sehingga angioedema sering juga disebut dengan Quincke edema. Pada angioedema, edema yang timbul adalah non-pitting, berbatas tegas, pucat dan tidak gatal namun angioedema dapat juga timbul   bersamaan dengan urtikaria sehingga bisa disertai gatal-gatal dan kemerahan. Angioedema dapat terjadi pada daerah wajah terutama di daerah bibir dan mata, telinga, saluran pernafasan, saluran pencernaan, kardiovaskuler, tangan, kaki dan   alat kelamin. Apabila terjadi pada lidah dan saluran pernafasan bagian atas serta berlangsung dengan cepat, dapat mengancam nyawa karena terjadinya obstruksi jalan nafas.Gejala angioedema terkadang sangat mirip dengan beberapa kelainan yang lain. Pengetahuan mengenai cara mendiagnosis angioedema sangat penting sehingga dapat dilakukan penatalaksanaan yang tepat. Dengan demikian penulis tertarik untuk membuat suatu tinjauan pustaka mengenai diagnosis dan penatalaksanaan angioedema khususnya di bidang THT.