bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternative sputum collection methods for diagnosis of childhood intrathoracic tuberculosis: a systematic literature review
Authors: Ioos Vincent , Cordel Hugues , Bonnet Maryline
Published: August 2018

Background

Diagnosis of intrathoracic tuberculosis (ITB) is limited in children partly by their difficulty to produce sputum specimen.

Objective

To systematically review the detection yields of mycobacterial culture and Xpert MTB/RIF from induced sputum (IS), nasopharyngeal aspirate (NPA) and gastric aspirate (GA) in children with presumptive ITB.

Design

Pubmed, Embase and Biosis databases and grey literature were searched. Randomised controlled trials, cohort, cross-sectional or case control studies using IS, GA and NPA for diagnosis of ITB published between January 1990 and January 2018 were included. Data were extracted on study design, case definition of presumptive ITB, sample collection methods, outcome measures and results.

Results

30 studies were selected, including 11 554 children. Detection yields for culture ranged between 1% and 30% for IS, 1% and 45% for GA and 4% and 24% for NPA. For Xpert MTB/RIF, it was between 2% and 17% for IS, 5% and 51% for GA and 3% and 8% for NPA. There was a tendency of better yields with IS when the pretest probability of ITB was low to moderate and with GA when it was high. Sampling a second specimen contributed for 6%–33% of the cumulative yield and combination of different methods significantly increase the detection yields.

Conclusions

Despite the important study heterogeneity, any of the specimen collection methods offers good potential to confirm childhood ITB. However, their operational challenges were poorly evaluated. In the absence of a sensitive non-sputum based test, only a minority of children with ITB can be confirmed.
Synthesis, characterization, and anticancer evaluation of some new N1-(anthraquinon-2-yl) amidrazone derivatives
Authors: Sweidan Kamal , Zalloum Hiba , Sabbah Dima A. , Idris Ghada , Abudosh Khadija , Mubarak Mohammad S.
Published: August 2018

A new series of novel N1-anthraquinon-2-yl amidrazones incorporating N-piperazines and related congeners were synthesized via reaction of the hydrazonoyl chloride derived from 2-qaminoanthraquinone with the appropriate piperazine (secondary amine). Structures of the new compounds were confirmed by a panel of spectroscopic methods including IR, NMR, and MS and by elemental analysis. The antitumor activity of the newly prepared compounds was evaluated in vitro against MCF-7 breast cancer, K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia, and dermal fibroblasts cell lines by means of a cell viability assay using the tetrazolium dye 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide. Results revealed that compounds 13a and 13d exhibit the highest inhibitory activity against K562 and MCF-7 cell lines. These two compounds could be considered as promising as potential anticancer drugs.
EIGENFORMS ON FRACTALS WITH CONNECTED INTERIOR AND THREE VERTICES
Authors: ELIA MATTEO , PEIRONE ROBERTO
Published: August 2018

An important problem in analysis on fractals is the existence and the determination of an eigenform on a given finitely ramified fractal. It is known that on every fractal either with three vertices or with connected interior, an eigenform exists for suitable weights on the cells. In this paper, we prove that if the fractal has three vertices and connected interior, the form having all coefficients equal to [Formula: see text] is an eigenform for suitable weights on the cells.
On the magnitude of the integer solutions of the semi-diagonal equation ax2 + by2 + cz2 + dxy = 0
Authors: Leal-Ruperto José Luis
Published: August 2018

In this paper, I generalize Holzer’s theorem for semi-diagonal equation.
Vanishing of the coefficients of a half Lerch sum
Authors: Chen Shi-Chao
Published: August 2018

We consider the vanishing problem on a [Formula: see text]-series related to Lerch sum and the first moment of crank partitions and overpartitions. We prove that almost all of the coefficients of this series vanish. We also bound the small values of the coefficients, which improve recent work of Xiong.
Mini-Flash Crashes, Model Risk, and Optimal Execution
Authors: Bayraktar Erhan , Munk Alexander
Published: August 2018

Oft-cited causes of mini-flash crashes include human errors, endogenous feedback loops and the nature of modern liquidity provision. We develop a mathematical model which captures aspects of these explanations. Empirical features of recent mini-flash crashes are present in our framework. For example, there are periods when no such events will occur. If they do, even just before their onset, market participants may not know with certainty that a disruption will unfold. Our mini-flash crashes can materialize in both low and high trading volume environments and may be accompanied by a partial synchronization in order submission.

Instead of adopting a classically-inspired equilibrium approach, we borrow ideas from the optimal execution literature. Each of our agents begins with beliefs about how his own trades impact prices and how prices would move in his absence. They, along with other market participants, then submit orders which are executed at a common venue. Naturally, this leads us to explicitly distinguish between how prices actually evolve and our agents’ opinions. In particular, every agent’s beliefs will be expressly incorrect.
Constraint-aware software-defined network for routing real-time multimedia
Authors: Oginni Oluwaseyi , Bull Peter , Wang Yonghao
Published: August 2018

Traditional Ethernet-based IP networks do not have the capability to provide the Quality of Service (QoS) required for professional real-time multimedia applications. This is because they operate on a best-effort network service model that does not provide service guarantee. Network operators and service providers require a novel network architecture to efficiently handle the increasing demands of this changing network domain. Software-Defined Networking has emerged as an effective network architecture that decouples the control plane and data plane, which makes it capable of handling the dynamic nature of future network functions and intelligent applications while reducing cost through simplified hardware, software, and management.

This paper presents an SDN architecture for real-time low latency applications that offer adaptive path provisioning based on the calculated end-to-end delay, available bandwidth, and traditional shortest path first algorithm. The SDN architecture utilises the Ryu OpenFlow application programming interface (API) to perform real-time monitoring to collect network statistics and computes the appropriate paths by using this information. The experiment to ascertain the feasibility and evaluate the effectiveness of this approach is carried out in an emulated network environment using Mininet.
Core Network Contributions to Remembering the Past, Imagining the Future, and Thinking Creatively
Authors: Beaty Roger E. , Thakral Preston P. , Madore Kevin P. , Benedek Mathias , Schacter Daniel L.
Published: August 2018

The core network refers to a set of neural regions that have been consistently associated with episodic memory retrieval and episodic future simulation. This network is thought to support the constructive thought processes that allow the retrieval and flexible combination of stored information to reconstruct past and construct novel future experiences. Recent behavioral research points to an overlap between these constructive processes and those also engaged during divergent thinking—the ability to think creatively and generate novel ideas—but the extent to which they involve common neural correlates remains unclear. Using fMRI, we sought to address this question by assessing brain activity as participants recalled past experiences, simulated future experiences, or engaged in divergent thinking. Consistent with past work, we found that episodic retrieval and future simulation activated the core network compared with a semantic control condition. Critically, a triple conjunction of episodic retrieval, future simulation, and divergent thinking revealed common engagement of core network regions, including the bilateral hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, as well as other regions involved in memory retrieval (inferior frontal gyrus) and mental imagery (middle occipital gyrus). The results provide further insight into the roles of the hippocampus and the core network in episodic memory retrieval, future simulation, and divergent thinking and extend recent work highlighting the involvement of constructive episodic processes in creative cognition.
Technology Acquisition in Korea’s Automobile Industry
Authors: Kim Ga Hyung , Mah Jai S.
Published: August 2018

The automobile industry developed very rapidly in Korea from the mid-1970s onwards. In the early stage of its development, it used both foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows and technology licensing contracts to utilize advanced foreign technologies. The government mainly preferred technology licensing to FDI inflows to gain access to production technologies. A specific case of FDI is displayed in the joint venture between General Motors and Daewoo Motors. Although there were several improvements and assistances provided to the latter, its performance was relatively unsatisfactory. In contrast, Hyundai Motors relied on technology licensing, which turned out to be successful. Korea’s experience of technology acquisition in the automobile industry shows that for a developing country considering development of its own automobile industry, it would be beneficial to utilize technology licensing rather than FDI inflows.
Old Ideas for New Times: Radical History in International Political Economy
Authors: Williams Gregory P.
Published: August 2018

This article suggests that the field of international political economy (IPE) would benefit from greater engagement with radicalism. Radical political economy (RPE) continues to be a relevant counterweight to moderate forms ofIPE. Radicalism is portrayed in this work as a vision of history, distinct from static and evolutionary interpretations of the past. And, like their moderate counterparts, radicals are divided as to what will happen in the twenty-first century. Some scholars believe that the capitalist nation-state system will stabilize, while others predict it will transform into some type of post-capitalist and post-national system. By pairing visions of history with expectations for the future, this article offers a typology of six distinct world-historical opinions. It concludes that radicals offer an important alternative perspective to the writings of moderates and yet, in being split about the future, are remarkably similar to others wrestling with questions of transformation.
The Fukushima Disaster and the Framing of Nuclear Energy in India
Authors: Deb Nikhil
Published: August 2018

Most research on Fukushima has been directed at technical and epidemiological aspects; yet the ways in which emerging nuclear powers such as India have responded to the meltdown is inadequate. This article investigates (1) the Fukushima meltdown as an epitome of risk associated with nuclear energy to understand what role this disaster has played in the Indian nuclear energy policy; and (2) whether the Indian nuclear authority has renewed its effort to shape the public mind in favor of nuclear safety in the wake of a deadly nuclear disaster in Fukushima. I use content analysis of statements made by nuclear personnel in response to the Fukushima meltdown from newspaper articles published in five major English-language newspapers in India. The findings suggest that the Fukushima meltdown has little impact on India’s nuclear energy policy. Instead, the Indian nuclear authority uses language to shape the public opinion surrounding nuclear energy.
the design of electronic equipment for meteorological communications
Authors: Reins E. R. , Wolff P. M.
Published: August 2018

Specially built equipments for high-speed transmission of weather charts and data by land-line and radio are described. Included are computer to plotter, computer to computer, and magnetic tape to magnetic tape systems, all built by Fleet Numerical Weather Facility. Monterey, at a fraction of the cost of comparable commercial gear. The integration of these units into a modern system is illustrated, and some results from experience with the Fleet Weather Central, Honolulu, to Monterey to Fleet Weather Central, Suitland, link are listed.
on the rotation of dust devils1
Authors: Sinclair Peter C.
Published: August 2018

A number of authors have, in the past, been of the opinion that dust devil direction of rotation is controlled by the earth's rotation. While this contention can be easily attacked through theoretical arguments, actual observations become the deciding factor. The observations presented, believed to be the largest collection on record, show quite conclusively that dust devils in general have no preferred direction of rotation.
behold the abstract
Authors: Landsberg H. E.
Published: August 2018

Abstracts are an important link in scientific communications. They should summarize succinctly the important findings of papers. Authors are enjoined to write them with meticulous care. Editors should insist that they reflect the conclusions of the contributions. This will help in producing abstract journals and in reducing time lag between primary and secondary publication.
absolute and relative humidities in towns
Authors: Chandler Tony J.
Published: August 2018

There are very few studies of absolute and relative humidities in towns although it is obvious that they are subject to a wide variety of controls. Readings taken with a specially instrumented vehicle in Leicester, a town of 270,000 in the English Midlands, suggest that one of the most important determinants is the character of the urban windfield. There is clear evidence that night-time absolute humidities are frequently higher in cities than in the nearby country.
the place of government programs in weather modification*
Authors: Kahan Archie M.
Published: August 2018

The activities which are grouped together as “weather modification” cover a wide range and have important differences as well as similarities. Many governmental agencies in pursuing long standing interests in the relation of the atmosphere to their missions, have become involved in individual weather modification programs which are similar enough to prompt the assumption that their efforts are empire building, duplicative and competitive. Study of the details of what is going on provides little evidence that serious empire building or duplicative efforts are the rule.

Cooperation and coordination exist between Federal agencies but should be improved particularly in the areas of planning for the future and attracting the participation of the additional skilled people.
an automated aircraft instrumentation system for cloud nucleation studies
Authors: Langer G. , Biter C. , Dascher A.
Published: August 2018

An aircraft instrumentation system for cloud nucleation studies has been developed. It continuously measures and records ice nucleus concentration, aerosol concentration and size distribution in the 0.5–9 μ range, temperature, dew point, static pressure (altitude), dynamic pressure, magnetic heading, ground speed, and drift angle.
On guilt and post-truth escapism: Developing a theory
Authors: Kalpokas Ignas
Published: August 2018

This article provides a framework for understanding post-truth politics by employing the ideas of Nietzsche and Schmitt. It posits pre-moral and pre-economic guilt and debt, relating human non-self-sufficiency, at the heart of social and political existence and alleges that guilt and debt are the hey bonds that hold human groupings together. Following Schmitt, romantic attitudes to politics are seen as negating this underlying reality, opting instead for escapist fantasy of self-mastery and unlimited creative potential. The author claims that these promises in particular are picked up by post-truth politics, placing the human person and their preconceptions at the heart of the world and handing over to them prime creative power at least as a matter of fantasy. Nevertheless, this escapism merely hides the persistence of guilt and debt. However, despite being an inadequate way of perceiving the world, the post-truth fantasy still constitutes a severe challenge to political bonds.
Hemolytic characteristics of three suctioning systems for use with a newly developed cardiopulmonary bypass system
Authors: Michinaga Yuki , Takano Tamaki , Terasaki Takamitsu , Miyazaki Souma , Kikuchi Noritoshi , Okada Kenji
Published: August 2018

Introduction:

We have been developing a closed-circuit cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) system (“Dihead CPB”) for application during coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and valve surgery. To strive for minimal hemolysis during Dihead CPB, we compared the hemolysis caused by three different suction systems and performed a clinical study with the newly applied suction system.

Materials & Methods:

We evaluated the hemolysis caused by roller-pump suction, the SmartSuction® Harmony® and wall suction systems with respect to suction speed and compared the systems by means of in vitro studies. A clinical study was also performed on 15 volunteers to assess hemolysis and the adequacy of the newly applied suction system with Dihead CPB.

Results:

Pressure inside the suction cannula was −22.5 ± 0.1 mmHg at a maximum flow of 1.5 L/min for roller-pump suction and −43.4 ± 0.1 mmHg at −150 mmHg of the set vacuum pressure of wall suction. With the SmartSuction, the pressure inside the cannula varied from −76.3 ± 1.0 to −130.3 ± 1.5 mmHg, depending on suctioning conditions. Suction speed (to suction 50 ml of blood) was fastest with the SmartSuction (69.7 ± 3.58 s) whereas, with roller suction, it was 117.3 ± 8.47 s and with wall suction 96.9 ± 7.10 s. The SmartSuction had the highest hemolysis rate (2.00 ± 0.33%) vs. 0.61 ± 0.10% for roller suction and 0.41 ± 0.11% for wall suction (p<0.001). The clinical study with wall suction showed no significant increase in plasma free hemoglobin during or after CPB compared with before surgery.

Conclusions:

Wall suction had less hemolysis than roller suction or the SmartSuction in the in vitro study and the clinical study with wall suction showed efficient suction speed and acceptable hemolysis, suggesting that Dihead CPB with wall suction is feasible for CABG.
Hip arthroplasty in haemophilia: a systematic review
Authors: Parsa Ali , Azizbaig Mohajer Mohammad , Mirzaie Maryam
Published: August 2018

Background:

Rigorous haemostatic control and careful rehabilitation are essential for haemophilic patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Aim:

to examine the current literature regarding THA in patients with haemophilia in order to determine clinical outcomes and complication rates.

Methods:

We included 11 case reports/series and 9 original articles. There was a total of 206 patients who underwent 226 THAs.

Findings:

The number of patients enrolled in the selected articles varied from 1 in case reports to 34 in the original articles. Gender was documented in 10. Mean age at surgery was 41 years. Mean follow-up was 73 months (standard deviation [SD] 35 months). All but 4 articles specified whether implants were cemented or uncemented, with 95% being uncemented, 3.5% being cemented, and 1.5% being hybrid (uncemented acetabular component, cemented femoral stem).

Conclusion:

Controlled hypotensive anaesthesia (to reduce preoperative blood loss), consult with haematologist, precise control of haemostasis status per the guidelines defined by the World Federation joint replacement, can improve the success rate and hip replacement surgery can be performed safely.
Exploring youth awareness, intention and opinion on green travel: The case of Malaysia
Authors: Kasim Azilah , Wickens Eugenia
Published: August 2018

Green travel is a construct that has drawn a lot of attention among researchers. The literature acknowledges the importance of green travel and its role in helping to protect the environment by encouraging practices such as travelling light and sticking to the path to avoid trampling. This paper presents findings from an empirical study on youth and their tendencies to take ‘green’ actions during travel. The study was conducted in Malaysia’s northern region, September–December 2015. The analysis of quantitative data obtained from a random sample of 200 college students aged 19–30 from three universities shows no significant difference across sociodemographic variables in relation to green travel engagement. Nonetheless, there is a link between youth awareness, attitude and opinion and their green travel tendencies. The paper concludes that this new insight could add to the existing knowledge on green travel and youth. Theoretical and managerial implications of the study’s findings are considered at the end of the paper.
Hepatic safety of ambrisentan alone and in combination with tadalafil: a post‐hoc analysis of the AMBITION trial
Authors: Patel Krishna R. , Blair Christiana J. , Tislow James D.
Published: August 2018

Treatment with endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA) can result in adverse hepatic effects in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). We evaluated the hepatic safety of ambrisentan (ABS), an ERA, used as monotherapy, or with tadalafil (TAD), a phosphodiesterase‐5 (PDE5) inhibitor as initial combination therapy (ABS + TAD) in the AMBITION trial. This was a retrospective analysis set in academic and private outpatient clinics and research centers. This analysis included 596 patients with PAH who were randomized to ABS or TAD as monotherapy or ABS + TAD as initial combination therapy and received at least one dose of study drug, and who had baseline and follow‐up hepatic function data. Treatment options following a clinical failure event included blinded combination therapy (BCT). The proportion of patients with elevations in alanine or aspartate aminotransferases (ALT/AST) > 3 × upper limit of normal (ULN), and those with total bilirubin (TBili) > 2× ULN and ALT or AST > 3 × ULN (referred to as potential Hy’s law), were determined before BCT as well as including time on BCT. Elevations in ALT/AST > 3 × ULN during the study were in the range of 3.4–3.7%, with an annualized incidence of 2.1–2.93%. The majority of patients with elevations in ALT/AST had elevations > 3 to ≤ 5 × ULN. Three patients (0.5%) had ALT/AST > 3 × ULN plus TBili > 2 × ULN. All three patients had probable alternative causes (cardiogenic shock, liver metastases, lymphoma) for the elevations. Our analysis of the AMBITION trial demonstrated that ABS and ABS + TAD were not associated with drug‐induced liver injury.
The role of endothelial leak in pulmonary hypertension (2017 Grover Conference Series)
Authors: Zhou Chun , Francis C. Michael , Xu Ningyong , Stevens Troy
Published: August 2018

The canonical transient receptor potential 4 (TRPC4) protein contributes to the molecular make‐up of endothelial store‐operated calcium entry channels. Store‐operated calcium entry is a prominent mode of calcium influx in endothelium. Store‐operated calcium entry channels are activated by inflammatory mediators and growth factors, and in endothelium, this process induces inter‐endothelial cell gaps that increase permeability. Pulmonary endothelium within extra‐alveolar segments, including pulmonary arteries, is especially sensitive to the activation of store‐operated calcium entry. Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by endothelial cell dysfunction in arteries. As one of the topics for the 2017 Grover Conference Series, we examined whether an endothelial cell permeability defect accompanies PAH and, if so, whether TRPC4 contributes to this defect. Through a series of studies conducted over the past five years, we find endothelial cell barrier dysfunction occurs early in the progression of experimental PAH. Endothelium within the arterial segment, and perhaps in other vascular segments, is highly susceptible to disruption secondary to both activation of store‐operated calcium entry channels and high flow. This phenomenon partly depends upon TRPC4 channels. We discuss whether endothelial cell hyperpermeability is relevant to human disease, and more specifically, whether it is relevant to all groups of pulmonary hypertension.
Switching inhaled iloprost formulations in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension: the VENTASWITCH Trial
Authors: Richter Manuel J. , Stollfuß Barbara , Roitenberg Alexander , Kleinjung Frank , Graeff Valentin , Berghaus Sabine , Müller Christian , Ghofrani Hossein‐Ardeschir
Published: August 2018

Inhaled iloprost is an effective therapy for patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, some patients experience extended inhalation times when using the V10 formulation (10.0 µg/mL) to deliver a 5 ‐µg dose (at mouthpiece) and are at risk of incomplete inhalations and reduced inhalation frequency. VENTASWITCH was an observational, case‐crossover study to evaluate inhalation behavior in patients with PAH switched from iloprost V10 to V20 (20.0 µg/mL) formulation for delivering a 5 ‐µg dose using the I‐Neb® AAD® device. Adults with PAH participating in a German Ventavis® (iloprost) patient‐support program, who were switched from the V10 to V20 formulation, were enrolled. The co‐primary endpoints were mean daily proportion of complete inhalations and mean daily inhalation frequency. The secondary endpoint was mean daily inhalation duration. Data were collected for three months before and after switching. Overall, 63 patients were included. Switching from V10 to V20 resulted in a significant increase in the mean daily proportion of complete inhalations (92% vs. 97%, P < 0.0001) and inhalation frequency (4.6 vs. 4.9 inhalations/day, P = 0.0430), and reduction in mean inhalation duration (11.8 vs. 6.5 min; P < 0.0001). Greater increases in daily proportions of complete inhalations were observed in older patients (≥ 65 vs. < 65 years) and those receiving more (3 vs. < 3) concomitant PAH medications. Switching from V10 to V20 iloprost formulation significantly improved inhalation behavior in patients with PAH and may facilitate improved adherence to therapy.
Evaluation of a multi-level intervention to improve post-partum intrauterine device services in Rwanda
Authors: Ingabire Rosine , Nyombayire Julien , Hoagland Alexandra , Da Costa Vanessa , Mazzei Amelia , Haddad Lisa , Parker Rachel , Sinabamenye Robertine , Mukamuyango Jeannine , Smith Julie , Umutoni Victoria , Mork Ellen , Allen Susan , Karita Etienne , Wall Kristin M.
Published: August 2018

Background. The copper intrauterine device is one of the most safe, effective, and cost-effective methods for preventing unintended pregnancy. It can be used post-partum irrespective of breastfeeding to improve birth spacing and reduce unintended pregnancy and maternal-child mortality. However, this method remains highly underutilized.

Methods. We developed a multi-level intervention targeting supply, demand, and sustainability to increase uptake of the post-partum intrauterine device (PPIUD, defined as insertion up to six weeks post-delivery) in Kigali, Rwanda. High-volume hospitals and health centers were selected for implementation of promotions and service delivery. Formative work informed development of a PPIUD promotional flipchart delivered in-clinic (during antenatal care, labor and delivery, or infant vaccination visits) or in the community. Two-day PPIUD didactic counseling, insertion/removal, and follow-up trainings were provided to labor and delivery and family planning nurses followed by a mentored practicum certification process. Stakeholders were involved from intervention development through dissemination of results.

Results. Two hospitals (and their two associated health centers) and two health centers were selected. In the 6-months prior to our intervention, only one nurse and one midwife from each hospital were providing PPIUD services, and just 46 PPIUDs had been placed at the selected health facilities. From August 2017-July 2018, we trained 83 promotional agents and 39 providers to provide PPIUD services. N=9,073 women received PPIUD promotions who later delivered at a selected health facility, and of those n=2,633 had PPIUDs inserted (29% uptake). Most PPIUDs (60%) were inserted within 10 minutes of delivery of the placenta, with an additional 13% intra-cesarean, 17% between 10 minutes and 48 hours after delivery, and 8% between 4 and 6 weeks after delivery.

Conclusions. This successful, comprehensive intervention has the potential to make a significant impact on PPIUD uptake in Rwanda. The intervention is scalable and adaptable to other sub-Saharan African countries.
Laisvės kapsulėje
Authors: Putinaitė Nerija
Published: August 2018

[tekstas lietuvių kalba]
Deparpolisasi Partai Sebagai Motif Timbulnya Calon Perseorang
Authors: Yunus Nur Rohim
Published: August 2018

Salah satu fungsi partai politik adalah menjadi sarana partisipasi politik warga negara Indonesia. Tetapi sayangnya, fungsi sentral tersebut mengalami degradasi. Sedikit demi sedikit, partai politik mengalami proses pelemahan yang sering disebut sebagai deparpolisasi. Deparpolisasi terjadi sebagai akibat dari adanya perubahan peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan hakim, maupun persepsi publik, atau sikap amoral dari anggota partai politik. Adanya deparpolisasi ini mengakibatkan partai politik mengalami krisis kepercayaan yang berakibat pada timbulnya calon kepala daerah yang berasal dari perseorangan atau independen.Deparpolisasi terjadi sebagai akibat dari adanya perubahan peraturan perundang-undangan, putusan hakim, maupun persepsi publik, atau sikap amoral dari anggota partai politik. Adanya deparpolisasi ini mengakibatkan partai politik mengalami krisis kepercayaan yang berakibat pada timbulnya calon kepala daerah yang berasal dari perseorangan atau independen.
Integritas Hakim Indonesia
Authors: Nurhalimah Siti
Published: August 2018

Integritas dalam diri seorang hakim, merupakan salah satu kode etik dan perilaku hakim sedunia yang disepakati dalam The Bangalore Principles of Judicial Conduct (Konferensi Peradilan Internasional di Bangalore, India pada tahun 2001). Hal tersebut mutlak dimiliki seorang hakim sebagai kunci utama untuk membuka pintu-pintu keadilan bagi masyarakat sebagaimana yang dijanjikan UUD 1945. Namun saat ini, hakim Indonesia sedang dilanda krisis integritas. Terlihat dari banyaknya pelanggaran terhadap pedoman perilaku hakim, ditambah banyaknya deretan hakim  yang tertangkap tangan terlibat kasus korupsi.
Menuntut Anggota DPR Mampu Menjaga Marwah Lembaga
Authors: Anam Sam’ul
Published: August 2018

Badan Kehormatan merupakan badan pengawas etika, sebagaimana tertuang pada BAB II Peraturan DPR-RI Nomor 1 Tahun 2011 Tentang Kode Etik. Dalam peraturan tersebut ditegaskan mengenai keharusan anggota DPR menjaga kewibawaannya sebagai anggota dewan yang menjadi perwakilan dari rakyatnya, mengedepankan kepentingan publik dari pada kepentingan partai politiknya, bahkan kepentingan pribadinya. DPR memiliki tugas untuk menjalankan amanat yang diberikan warga negara atau masyarakat yang telah memberikan kepercayaan dan menanam harapan untuk dilaksanakan sebaik mungkin. DPR pun tidak diperkenankan melakukan hal-hal yang tidak pantas, melanggar norma, menyalahgunakan kekuasaan dan turus serta dalam proses-proses peradilan (Nur Habibi 2014: 50). Karenanya peran dan kedudukan Badan Kehormatan DPR-RI sangat diperlukan, karena dapat dijadikan sebagai alat kontrol anggota DPR dalam menjaga marwah dan kewibawaannya sebagai wakil rakyat. Selain dasar hukum BK-DPR ini sangatlah jelas dan dapat menjalankan peraturannya dengan baik dan perlunya apresiasi mengingat hal ini turut dapat menunjang hasil yang ingin dicapai oleh negara Republik Indonesia.
The effect of vortex structures in the river bed on the concentration and size differentiation of the fish population
Authors: Chemagin A. A.
Published: August 2018

On the basis of recent hydroacoustic method with using “PanCor” computerized program-technological complex, research was conducted on the distribution of fish of different taxonomic groups in the water area of Irtysh, a large trans-border river on the bend (meander) with a vortex zone. A hydroacoustic complex allows one to conduct remote size-taxonomic identification of fish. It is demonstrated that on the examined area of the river, fish of different taxonomic groups and sizes concentrate in the zones of increased turbidity and intense whirlpools (vortices) which form as a result of opposite currents at the river meander. The largest concentrations of fish form in the deepest zone of the examined water area and in front of it – vortex zone. It was determined that in the zone of recorded vortices, the number of fish of different taxonomic groups (Cyprinidae, Percidae, Coregonus, Esocidae, Sturgeon, burbot) is on average 2.14–2.61 times reliably higher compared to the observations at the studied part of the river with no vortices at comparable parameters of depth. The size structure of the fish was dominated by small individuals (<10 cm) in the vortices, and large fish out of these zones, which can be an additional element of the survival strategy. The peculiarities of the studied area of the river with vortices, on one hand, are the factors of formation of fish concentrations, and on the other hand – factors of differentiation by taxonomical and size parameter, related to inability of certain groups of organisms to resist the hydrodynamic force of the vortex structure.
Long-term dynamics of flora of karst lakes: Changes and current state
Authors: Belyakov E. A. , Garin E. V.
Published: August 2018

Long-term observations of the rates and pattern of changes in flora and vegetation contribute to understanding of one of the most important contemporary global problems, the eutrophication of water bodies. In this study, using classical floristic methods, we attempt to determine (for a period of almost 80 years) the nature and possible causes of changes in the floristic composition of the lakes of karst origin, Velikoe and Parovoe (Pustinskaya lake-river system, the right bank of Nizhny Novgorod oblast). The paper shows that over a long period of observations a significant transformation of the vegetation cover has occurred in the lakes. The process was accompanied by the disappearance of a number of native species and appearance of others, including adventitious ones (for example, Elodea canadensis Michx., Zizania latifolia (Griseb.) Stapf, Bidens frondosa L. and Epilobium adenocaulon Hausskn.). The weak saturation of the flora with adventive species indicates that the reservoirs are subject to moderate anthropogenic transformation. This is also indicated by the presence of characteristic indicator species, for example, Najas minor All., Glyceria fluitans (L.) R. Br., Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. and Stratiotes aloides L. in the plant communities. In addition, the studied water bodies are subject to a further increase in the degree of eutrophication. This can be judged by scattered records of Potamogeton trichoides Cham. et Schlecht., the disappearance of a number of species (such as Elatine alsinastrum L. and Callitriche hermaphroditica L.), as well as the presence of a significant number of macrophyte indicators of the eutrophic state of water bodies. We suggest that a gradual increase in the trophicity of the studied water bodies is due to a combination of anthropogenic impact (water withdrawal for economic needs, recreational load), natural and climatic features of the region (alternation of high and low water periods) and the natural succession processes associated with the current fundamental changes in the conditions of the runoff formation in the Volga River basin. As a result of studies conducted by authors in 2014–2015, it has been shown that in general the taxonomic and ecological structures of the flora of both lakes are quite diverse and traditional for the territory and the European part of Russia. Meanwhile, the flora of these two reservoirs insignificantly differs in taxonomic composition, which is due to their individual morphometric characteristics, the physical and chemical properties of the aquatic environment, and the nature of the anthropogenic load. At the same time, the equilibrium balance of coastal and aquatic plants in the flora of Lake Parovoe (in contrast to Lake Velikoe) indicates a degree of successional stability of its floristic complex.
From the Editor
Authors: Savchuk V. S.
Published: August 2018

Dear Scientists,

The Journal STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHYLOSPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY is a specialized scientific publication on theoretical and philosophical (Philosophy of Science) sciences. The journal, founded in 1993, was published under the title «Herald of Dnipropetrovsk University. Series History and Philosophy of Science and Technology». Under this name, 25 issues of the journal were issued by 2017 inclusive. Due to the change in the name of Dnipropetrovsk University, the need to change the name of the magazine is necessary. From No. 26 the magazine begins to come out under the new name which is indicated on its cover.

Since the journal STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHYLOSPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY is the successor of the journals "The Bulletin of the University of Dnipropetrovsk. Series History and Philosophy of Science and Technology ", the numbering of the journals with the changed name will continue.

The editorial board of the magazine, which consists of well-known specialists in the field of historical and philosophical sciences (both domestic and foreign), ask the scientists of these areas of scientific research to send their research materials for publication in the scientific professional journal STUDIES IN HISTORY AND PHYLOSPHY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ З ІСТОРІЇ І ФІЛОСОФІЇ НАУКИ І ТЕХНІКИ). The site of the journal: vestnikdnu.dp.ua

Sincerely,Chief Editor Doctor of History, prof. V. S. Savchuk
Odessa Inhabitants A. O. Skalkovsky and A. S. Borinevich: the leaders of domestic statistical science of the XIX century
Authors: Isaeva O. I.
Published: August 2018

The contribution to the development of urban statistics, demography, history of famous Odessa scientists and public figures Apollon Skalkovsky (1808-1898) and Anton Borinevich (1855-1946) is analyzed in the article. A parallel was made between the activities of both scientists, as well as their influence on the development of branches of domestic science.
Los espectros de las dictaduras militares en América Latina
Authors: Lifschitz Javier Alejandro
Published: August 2018

En este texto discutimos la cuestión de los espectros en la política, tema que fue abordado por Derrida en relación al legado marxista y que nos parece elocuente para discutir una dimensión que los testigos del terrorismo de Estado abrieron en el campo político y jurídico en los países de América Latina. El testigo es una figura emblemática del campo jurídico, pero en los casos en que existieron violaciones a los derechos humanos adquirieron una proyección política y cultural singular al permitir dar voz a los desaparecidos. Instauraron así una dimensión espectral que puso en cuestionamiento toda una concepción política y jurídica hegemónica, que se intentó conjurar de diferentes formas.***Os espectros das ditaduras militares na América Latina***Este texto retoma a questão dos espectros na política, tema que foi abordado por Derrida com relação ao legado marxista e que consideramos apropriado para discutir uma dimensão que as testemunhas do terrorismo de Estado abriram no campo político e jurídico nos países da América Latina. A testemunha é uma figura representativa do campo jurídico, mas nos casos em que existiram violações aos direitos humanos adquiriram uma projeção política e cultural singular, ao permitir dar voz aos desaparecidos. Instauraram assim uma dimensão espectral, que colocou em questionamento toda uma concepção política e jurídica hegemônica, que intentou-se conjurar de diferentes formas.
“A Constituição de 1988 os paradoxos da democracia brasileira” – entrevista com Olivier Dabène
Authors: Louault Fredéric , Marques Teresa Cristina Schneider
Published: August 2018

Olivier Dabène é doutor em Ciência Política pelo Institut d’Études Politiques de Grenoble (Sciences Po – Grenoble). Atualmente é professor do Institut d’Études Politiques de Paris (Sciences Po – Paris), onde atua desde 2005. Dabène é fundador e presidente do Observatório político da América Latina e Caribe (OPALC). Foi professor convidado em diversas universidades no exterior, inclusive no Brasil. Convém ainda destacar a sua atuação enquanto responsável cultural no Consulado da França em São Paulo-SP, Brasil, entre 2000 e 2002. Suas pesquisas se voltam para a análise dos processos de integração regional nas Américas e da democracia na América Latina.
Alerta Rosa: Novel Alert and Navigation Breast Cancer Program in Nuevo Leon, Mexico, for Reducing Health System Interval Delays
Authors: Mireles-Aguilar Teresa , Tamez-Salazar Jaime , Muñoz-Lozano Jose F. , Lopez-Martinez Edna A. , Romero Cristina , Platas Alejandra , Villarreal-Garza Cynthia
Published: August 2018

Background

In Mexico, the median time between breast cancer (BC) symptom detection and treatment initiation is approximately 7 months. Alerta Rosa is a program that was developed with the intent of breaking down medical care barriers and reduce delays.

Patients and Methods

Through several media campaigns, we reached out to patients with breast symptoms or abnormal imaging studies. Patients contacted our call center or Facebook page. A navigator recorded their main complaint and scheduled a medical consultation with a specialist. We prioritized patients according to clinical risk. Those diagnosed with BC were referred to their health affiliation unit for care.

Results

To date, 656 patients have contacted our program. Median age was 44 years (range, 7–82). Patients reported becoming aware of Alerta Rosa mainly by word of mouth and TV. A total of 446 medical consultations were scheduled, and 309 patients attended their appointments. A biopsy procedure was solicited for 39 patients, and 22 were diagnosed with BC. Most patients had stage II (45%) or stage III (32%) disease. The median time from alert activation to treatment initiation was 33 days (range, 19–56) and from first medical evaluation to treatment initiation was 28 days (range, 16–48).

Conclusion

In low- or middle-income countries, where BC screening programs do not effectively reach the target population, it is crucial to focus efforts in identifying and prioritizing symptomatic patients or those with abnormal imaging studies to ultimately downstage BC. Alerta Rosa proved to be successful in reducing health system intervals and could be replicated and adapted for other limited resource settings.

Implications for Practice

In countries such as Mexico, infrastructure and financial drawbacks limit the implementation of effective screening mammography programs. This article presents a novel and effective alternative to optimize resources and reduce health system intervals, so that patients in limited-resource settings can have access to prompt quality care. This strategy for early breast cancer detection focused efforts in prioritizing symptomatic women and those with abnormal breast imaging studies. This article presents novel information that will be useful for the development of effective early breast cancer detection with a focus on opportunistic rather than population-screening mammography in low-resource settings.
Osimertinib for EGFR-Mutant Lung Cancer with Brain Metastases: Results from a Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Xie Lijia , Nagpal Seema , Wakelee Heather A. , Li Gordon , Soltys Scott G. , Neal Joel W.
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Osimertinib is a third-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, initially approved for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with T790M acquired resistance, and now approved in the first-line setting. However, data supporting the use of osimertinib in untreated brain metastases are limited, although it has established central nervous system (CNS) activity. Our study compares the clinical outcomes of patients experiencing progressing brain metastases treated with cranial irradiation and osimertinib with those treated with osimertinib alone.

Methods

Forty patients who were treated with osimertinib at the Stanford Cancer Center from November 2015 to December 2016 were identified by searching an electronic medical record database. Eleven patients had progressing brain metastases and did not receive radiation (group A), 9 patients had progressing brain metastases and received radiation when starting osimertinib (group B), and 20 patients had stable brain metastases at the time of initiating osimertinib (group C). Patient and disease characteristics, radiographic responses, and survival outcomes were evaluated retrospectively for the three groups.

Results

The CNS response rate was 32.3%. Median time to treatment failure (TTF), overall progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were 10.0 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.5–11.8), 8.8 months (95% CI, 6.2–12.1), and 16.2 months, respectively. Median TTF was 15.1 months for group A (95% CI, 1.7–28.5), 7.7 months for group B (95% CI, 0–15.5), and 10.7 months for group C (95% CI, 9.0–12.5). The median PFS was 8.8 months for group A (95% CI, 4.3–13.4), not reached for group B, and 8.4 months for group C (95% CI, 5.6–11.1). The median OS was not reached for group A and C, and was 16.2 months for group B. There was no apparent difference in TTF, PFS, or OS between the three groups.

Conclusion

Receiving radiation prior to starting osimertinib for patients with progressing brain metastases did not prolong TTF, PFS, or OS in our series. To minimize the risks of radiation-related toxicity, delaying radiation could be considered for some patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC with brain metastases who initially respond to osimertinib in the second-line setting.
Chemical attributes of a of a saline soil under the effect of organomineral compound
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE Alciênia Silva , Santos Rivaldo Vital dos , Fonseca Nathan Castro
Published: August 2018

O manejo inadequado dos solos irrigados resulta na degradação por salinização, sendo necessário o conhecimento de seus atributos químicos e de técnicas para a adoção de correções eficientes. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito do gesso agrícola e doses de rejeitos de vermiculita e de caulim, sobre os atributos químicos (pH, condutividade elétrica-CE e Na) de um solo salinizado. O experimento foi conduzido em telado no Centro de Saúde e Tecnologia Rural, Patos-PB, sendo que o solo foi coletado em lote salinizado do Perímetro Irrigado Engenheiro Arco Verde, Condado-PB. Foi adotado um experimento num esquema fatorial 2x2x5, sendo dois tipos de compostos (rejeito de caulim mais esterco bovino e rejeito de vermiculita mais esterco bovino) presença e ausência de gesso agrícola e cinco doses de cada composto (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60% v/v) com três repetições, totalizando 60 vasos com capacidade para 9L. Após aplicação dos compostos, foram realizadas seis lavagens do solo, das quais foram coletadas a solução eluída para análise dos parâmetros de pH, CE e Na. A análise da solução mostrou uma redução nos valores de pH, na dose máxima dos dois compostos. Já nos teores de Na e na CE, observou-se que o composto formado por caulim mais esterco bovino, promoveu uma maior lixiviação dos sais, melhorando as propriedades do solo.