bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relative uteroplacental insufficiency of labor
Authors: Ghi Tullio , Fieni Stefania , Ramirez Zegarra Ruben , Pereira Susana , Dall'Asta Andrea , Chandraharan Edwin
Published: August 2024

Relative uteroplacental insufficiency of labor (RUPI‐L) is a clinical condition that refers to alterations in the fetal oxygen “demand–supply” equation caused by the onset of regular uterine activity. The term RUPI‐L indicates a condition of “relative” uteroplacental insufficiency which is relative to a specific stressful circumstance, such as the onset of regular uterine activity. RUPI‐L may be more prevalent in fetuses in which the ratio between the fetal oxygen supply and demand is already slightly reduced, such as in cases of subclinical placental insufficiency, post‐term pregnancies, gestational diabetes, and other similar conditions. Prior to the onset of regular uterine activity, fetuses with a RUPI‐L may present with normal features on the cardiotocography. However, with the onset of uterine contractions, these fetuses start to manifest abnormal fetal heart rate patterns which reflect the attempt to maintain adequate perfusion to essential central organs during episodes of transient reduction in oxygenation. If labor is allowed to continue without an appropriate intervention, progressively more frequent, and stronger uterine contractions may result in a rapid deterioration of the fetal oxygenation leading to hypoxia and acidosis. In this Commentary, we introduce the term relative uteroplacental insufficiency of labor and highlight the pathophysiology, as well as the common features observed in the fetal heart rate tracing and clinical implications.
Medical perspectives on Israeli children after their release from captivity – A retrospective study
Authors: Ziv Noa , Mozer‐Glassberg Yael , Bron‐Harlev Efrat , Goldberg Lotem , Niv Omer , Saar Shirley , Yaron Shlomit , Singer‐Harel Dana , Eliakim‐Raz Noa , Fennig Silvana , Livni Gilat , Yarden‐Bilavsky Havatzelet
Published: August 2024

Aim

Following the Hamas terror attack on Israeli towns on October 2023, 250 individuals were taken into captivity. On November–December 2023, during the cease‐fire deal, 26 women and children were released. This study is the first to describe the physical and behavioural findings in children and their mothers in the immediate phase of returning home from captivity.

Methods

This is a retrospective study describing the clinical characteristics of the returnees after 49–53 days in captivity. Patients were admitted to a designated unit in the Schnieder Children's Medical Center of Israel on November–December 2023. The hospitalisation duration was 1–9 days. All patients were evaluated according to a detailed protocol and were treated respectively.

Results

Patient population included 19 children (ranged 2–18 years old) and 7 women (ranged 34–78 years old). The most common clinical findings upon return included significant weight loss, psychological trauma, complications of poor hygiene and complications of recent shrapnel injuries. Microbiology tests were positive for multiple gastrointestinal pathogens. Serologic screening tests were positive for various infectious diseases.

Conclusion

Clinical findings in this time period were diverse and required the attention of a multidisciplinary team. Long term clinical and psychological effects are yet to be known.
Human in vivo baseline intrarenal pressure, peristaltic activity and response to ureteric stenting
Authors: Croghan Stefanie M. , Cunnane Eoghan M. , O’Meara Sorcha , Cunnane Connor V. , Forde James C. , Manecksha Rustom P. , Walsh Michael T. , Breen Kieran J. , McGuire Barry B. , O’Brien Fergal J. , Davis Niall F.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

To assess human in vivo intrarenal pressure (IRP) and peristaltic activity at baseline and after ureteric stent placement, using a narrow calibre pressure guidewire placed retrogradely in the renal pelvis.

Patients and Methods

A prospective, multi‐institutional study recruiting consenting patients undergoing ureteroscopy was designed with ethical approval. Prior to ureteroscopy, the urinary bladder was emptied and the COMET™ II pressure guidewire (Boston Scientific) was advanced retrogradely via the ureteric orifice to the renal pelvis. Baseline IRPs were recorded for 1–2 min. At procedure completion, following ureteric stent insertion, IRPs were recorded for another 1–2 min. Statistical analysis of mean baseline IRP, peristaltic waveforms and frequency of peristaltic contractions was performed, thereby analysing the influence of patient variables and ureteric stenting.

Results

A total of 100 patients were included. Baseline mean (±SD) IRP was 16.76 (6.4) mmHg in the renal pelvis, with maximum peristaltic IRP peaks reaching a mean (SD) of 25.75 (17.9) mmHg. Peristaltic activity generally occurred in a rhythmic, coordinated fashion, with a mean (SD) interval of 5.63 (3.08) s between peaks. On univariate analysis, higher baseline IRP was observed with male sex, preoperative hydronephrosis, and preoperative ureteric stenting. On linear regression, male sex was no longer statistically significant, whilst the latter two variables remained significant (P = 0.004; P < 0.001). The mean (SD) baseline IRP in the non‐hydronephrotic, unstented cohort was 14.19 (4.39) mmHg. Age, α‐blockers and calcium channel blockers did not significantly influence IRP, and no measured variables influenced peristaltic activity. Immediately after ureteric stent insertion, IRP decreased (mean [SD] 15.18 [5.28] vs 16.76 [6.4] mmHg, P = 0.004), whilst peristaltic activity was maintained.

Conclusions

Human in vivo mean (SD) baseline IRP is 14.19 (4.39) mmHg in normal kidneys and increases with both hydronephrosis and preoperative ureteric stenting. Mean (SD) peristaltic peak IRP values of 25.75 (17.9) mmHg are reached in the renal pelvis every 3–7 s and maintained in the early post‐stent period.
Late Middle Pleistocene Wolstonian Stage (MIS 6) glaciation in lowland Britain and its North Sea regional equivalents – a review
Authors: Gibson Sebastian M. , Gibbard Philip L.
Published: August 2024

Two major glaciations have been identified on land in England during the Middle Pleistocene. The earliest occurred during the Anglian Stage (= Elsterian, c. Marine Isotope Stage, MIS 12), evidence for which is best developed in lowland Britain, as well as offshore in the southern North Sea and Irish Sea basins. The second took place during the late Middle Pleistocene, with the most compelling evidence found in the West Midlands, intermediate between the Hoxnian (= Holsteinian; broadly MIS 11) and Ipswichian (= Eemian; broadly MIS 5e) interglacial stages during the Late Wolstonian Substage. Until recently this younger glacial episode was less clearly represented in the Pleistocene record and, as a result, had been little studied and weakly defined. Interpreted as the Moreton Stadial glaciation during the Late Wolstonian Substage (= Late Saalian Substage/Drenthe Stadial, c. MIS 6), it was originally recognized in the English Midlands, subsequently being identified in Yorkshire, Lincolnshire and northern East Anglia, and potentially further SW as far as the Bristol Channel. Mapping, in particular by members of the British Geological Survey, however, resulted in the Wolstonian Stage glacial deposits being thought to pre‐date the stage. This was particularly so in East Anglia where there was considerable controversy concerning the number and relationships of glacial sequences, during the 1970–1980s. Yet to the west of East Anglia there remained unequivocal evidence for glaciation during the stage, particularly in Fenland and the eastern English Midlands. Recent radiometric dating across lowland Britain on glacial sediments long thought to belong to a glaciation event in the Wolstonian Stage have now placed a geochronological control on the established regional stratigraphy and confirmed that glaciation occurred in two phases between 199 and 147 ka during the Late Wolstonian Substage. The glacial events of the British Middle Pleistocene can clearly be correlated with the European continent.
Genetic landscape of hearing loss in prelingual deaf patients of eastern Iran: Insights from exome sequencing analysis
Authors: Alerasool Masoome , Eslahi Atieh , Vona Barbara , Kahaei Mir Salar , Mojaver Nasrin Kaseb , Rajati Mohsen , Pasdar Alireza , Ghasemi Mohammad Mehdi , Saburi Ehsan , Ardehaie Reza Mousavi , Aval Majid Hadadi , Tale Mohammad Reza , Nourizadeh Navid , Afzalzadeh Mohammad Reza , Niknezhad Hamid Tayarani , Mojarrad Majid
Published: August 2024

Hearing loss is one of the most prevalent genetic disorders in humans. Locus and allelic heterogeneity cause fundamental challenges in hearing loss genetic diagnosis and management of patients and their families. This study examined the genetic profile of patients with prelingual hearing loss who were referred to the Genetic Foundation of Khorasan Razavi spanning over a decade. Deleterious variants in GJB2 were evaluated through Sanger sequencing among 745 non‐syndromic hearing loss patients. Furthermore, exome sequencing was applied in 250 patients with negative GJB2 sequencing results and 30 patients with syndromic hearing loss. The findings revealed a relatively low frequency of GJB2 variants among the studied patients. Exome sequencing successfully identified the genetic causes of hearing loss in 70% of the patients. Moreover, variants in 10 genes, namely SLC26A4, MYO15A, TMPRSS3, TMC1, OTOF, CDH23, PJVK, MYO7A, TECTA, and PCDH15, accounted for 66% of the positive exome sequencing findings in this study. At least three prevalent founder alleles in the hearing‐impaired population of eastern Iran were identified. This study emphasizes the efficiency of exome sequencing as a powerful tool for determining the etiology of prelingual hearing loss in the eastern Iranian population.
SMFS‐GAN: Style‐Guided Multi‐class Freehand Sketch‐to‐Image Synthesis
Authors: Cheng Zhenwei , Wu Lei , Li Xiang , Meng Xiangxu
Published: August 2024

Freehand sketch‐to‐image (S2I) is a challenging task due to the individualized lines and the random shape of freehand sketches. The multi‐class freehand sketch‐to‐image synthesis task, in turn, presents new challenges for this research area. This task requires not only the consideration of the problems posed by freehand sketches but also the analysis of multi‐class domain differences in the conditions of a single model. However, existing methods often have difficulty learning domain differences between multiple classes, and cannot generate controllable and appropriate textures while maintaining shape stability. In this paper, we propose a style‐guided multi‐class freehand sketch‐to‐image synthesis model, SMFS‐GAN, which can be trained using only unpaired data. To this end, we introduce a contrast‐based style encoder that optimizes the network's perception of domain disparities by explicitly modelling the differences between classes and thus extracting style information across domains. Further, to optimize the fine‐grained texture of the generated results and the shape consistency with freehand sketches, we propose a local texture refinement discriminator and a Shape Constraint Module, respectively. In addition, to address the imbalance of data classes in the QMUL‐Sketch dataset, we add 6K images by drawing manually and obtain QMUL‐Sketch+ dataset. Extensive experiments on SketchyCOCO Object dataset, QMUL‐Sketch+ dataset and Pseudosketches dataset demonstrate the effectiveness as well as the superiority of our proposed method.
Efficacy and safety of batroxobin in patients with acute ischemic stroke: A multicenter retrospective analysis
Authors: Liu Shu , Wang Shengyuan , Zou Qian , Pu Yinshuang , Li Xiaobo , Hang Zhenlun , Cai Zhiyou , Wang Chuanling
Published: August 2024

Aims

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of batroxobin in improving functional outcomes and reducing stroke recurrence among patients with acute ischemic stroke beyond the therapeutic time window for thrombolytic therapy.

Methods

This multicenter, retrospective study enrolled 492 patients with acute moderate‐to‐severe ischemic stroke within 24 h. 238 patients were given standard (basic) therapy. On the basis of standard treatment, 254 patients received an initial intravenous infusion of batroxobin 10 U on day 1, followed by subsequent infusions of batroxobin 5 U on the 3rd and 5th days, respectively.

Results

In the batroxobin group, 8.3% of patients experienced recurrence stroke, compared to 17.2% in the control group (HR, 0.433; 95% CI, 0.248 to 0.757; p = 0.003). Furthermore, intravenous batroxobin significantly improved the distribution of 90–120 day disability. Moderate‐to‐severe bleeding events were reported in three patients (1.2%) in the batroxobin group and one patient (0.4%) in the control group (p = 0.369).

Conclusions

Among patients with acute moderate‐to‐severe ischemic stroke beyond the time window for thrombolytic therapy, treatment with intravenous batroxobin had a lower risk of stroke recurrence and a better recovery of function outcome without increasing bleeding events. Prospective studies are needed to further confirm.
S100A9 deletion in microglia/macrophages ameliorates brain injury through the STAT6/PPARγ pathway in ischemic stroke
Authors: Liu Xi , Wang Junmin , Jin Jian , Hu Qiongqiong , Zhao Ting , Wang Jian , Gao Jianbo , Man Jiang
Published: August 2024

Background

Microglia and infiltrated macrophages (M/M) are integral components of the innate immune system that play a critical role in facilitating brain repair after ischemic stroke (IS) by clearing cell debris. Novel therapeutic strategies for IS therapy involve modulating M/M phenotype shifting. This study aims to elucidate the pivotal role of S100A9 in M/M and its downstream STAT6/PPARγ signaling pathway in neuroinflammation and phagocytosis after IS.

Methods

In the clinical study, we initially detected the expression pattern of S100A9 in monocytes from patients with acute IS and investigated its association with the long‐term prognosis. In the in vivo study, we generated the S100A9 conditional knockout (CKO) mice and compared the stroke outcomes with the control group. We further tested the S100A9‐specific inhibitor paqunimod (PQD), for its pharmaceutical effects on stroke outcomes. Transcriptomics and in vitro studies were adopted to explore the mechanism of S100A9 in modulating the M/M phenotype, which involves the regulation of the STAT6/PPARγ signaling pathway.

Results

S100A9 was predominantly expressed in classical monocytes and was correlated with unfavorable outcomes in patients of IS. S100A9 CKO mitigated infarction volume and white matter injury, enhanced cerebral blood flow and functional recovery, and prompted anti‐inflammation phenotype and efferocytosis after tMCAO. The STAT6/PPARγ pathway, an essential signaling cascade involved in immune response and inflammation, might be the downstream target mediated by S100A9 deletion, as evidenced by the STAT6 phosphorylation inhibitor AS1517499 abolishing the beneficial effect of S100A9 inhibition in tMCAO mice and cell lines. Moreover, S100A9 inhibition by PQD treatment protected against neuronal death in vitro and brain injuries in vivo.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence for the first time that S100A9 in classical monocytes could potentially be a biomarker for predicting IS prognosis and reveals a novel therapeutic strategy for IS. By demonstrating that S100A9‐mediated M/M polarization and phagocytosis can be reversed by S100A9 inhibition in a STAT6/PPARγ pathway‐dependent manner, this study opens up new avenues for drug development in the field.
Electroencephalography microstate alterations reflect potential double‐edged cognitive adaptation in Ménière's disease
Authors: Li Yi‐Ni , Li Jie , Wang Peng‐Jun , Yu Dong‐Zhen , Chen Zheng‐Nong , Shi Zheng‐Yu , Wu Ya‐Qin , Qi Wei‐Dong , Lu Wen , Shi Hai‐Bo
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To explore the microstate characteristics and underlying brain network activity of Ménière's disease (MD) patients based on high‐density electroencephalography (EEG), elucidate the association between microstate dynamics and clinical manifestation, and explore the potential of EEG microstate features as future neurobiomarkers for MD.

Methods

Thirty‐two patients diagnosed with MD and 29 healthy controls (HC) matched for demographic characteristics were included in the study. Dysfunction and subjective symptom severity were assessed by neuropsychological questionnaires, pure tone audiometry, and vestibular function tests. Resting‐state EEG recordings were obtained using a 256‐channel EEG system, and the electric field topographies were clustered into four dominant microstate classes (A, B, C, and D). The dynamic parameters of each microstate were analyzed and utilized as input for a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to identify significant microstate signatures associated with MD. The clinical significance was further explored through Spearman correlation analysis.

Results

MD patients exhibited an increased presence of microstate class C and a decreased frequency of transitions between microstate class A and B, as well as between class A and D. The transitions from microstate class A to C were also elevated. Further analysis revealed a positive correlation between equilibrium scores and the transitions from microstate class A to C under somatosensory challenging conditions. Conversely, transitions between class A and B were negatively correlated with vertigo symptoms. No significant correlations were detected between these characteristics and auditory test results or emotional scores. Utilizing the microstate features identified via sequential backward selection, the linear SVM classifier achieved a sensitivity of 86.21% and a specificity of 90.61% in distinguishing MD patients from HC.

Conclusions

We identified several EEG microstate characteristics in MD patients that facilitate postural control yet exacerbate subjective symptoms, and effectively discriminate MD from HC. The microstate features may offer a new approach for optimizing cognitive compensation strategies and exploring potential neurobiological markers in MD.
Mitochondrial plasticity and synaptic plasticity crosstalk; in health and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sayehmiri Fatemeh , Motamedi Fereshteh , Batool Zehra , Naderi Nima , Shaerzadeh Fatima , Zoghi Anahita , Rezaei Omidvar , Khodagholi Fariba , Pourbadie Hamid Gholami
Published: August 2024

Synaptic plasticity is believed to underlie the cellular and molecular basis of memory formation. Mitochondria are one of the main organelles involved in metabolism and energy maintenance as plastic organelles that change morphologically and functionally in response to cellular needs and regulate synaptic function and plasticity through multiple mechanisms, including ATP generation, calcium homeostasis, and biogenesis. An increased neuronal activity enhances synaptic efficiency, during which mitochondria's spatial distribution and morphology change significantly. These organelles build up in the pre‐and postsynaptic zones to produce ATP, which is necessary for several synaptic processes like neurotransmitter release and recycling. Mitochondria also regulate calcium homeostasis by buffering intracellular calcium, which ensures proper synaptic activity. Furthermore, mitochondria in the presynaptic terminal have distinct morphological properties compared to dendritic or postsynaptic mitochondria. This specialization enables precise control of synaptic activity and plasticity. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to synaptic failure in many neurodegenerative disorders, like Alzheimer's disease (AD). In AD, malfunctioning mitochondria cause delays in synaptic vesicle release and recycling, ionic gradient imbalances, and mostly synaptic failure. This review emphasizes mitochondrial plasticity's contribution to synaptic function. It also explores the profound effect of mitochondrial malfunction on neurodegenerative disorders, focusing on AD, and provides an overview of how they sustain cellular health under normal conditions and how their malfunction contributes to neurodegenerative diseases, highlighting their potential as a therapeutic target for such conditions.
Machine Learning Model Predicts Postoperative Outcomes in Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps
Authors: Gata Anda , Raduly Lajos , Budișan Liviuța , Bajcsi Adél , Ursu Teodora‐Maria , Chira Camelia , Dioșan Laura , Berindan‐Neagoe Ioana , Albu Silviu
Published: August 2024

Objective

Evaluating the possibility of predicting chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) disease course using Artificial Intelligence.

Methods

We prospectively included patients undergoing first endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for nasal polyposis. Preoperative (demographic data, blood eosinophiles, endoscopy, Lund‐Mackay, SNOT‐22 and depression PHQ scores) and follow‐up data was standardly collected. Outcome measures included SNOT‐22, PHQ‐9 and endoscopy perioperative sinus endoscopy (POSE) scores and two different microRNAs (miR‐125b, miR‐203a‐3p) from polyp tissue. Based on POSE score, three labels were created (controlled: 0–7; partial control: 8–15; or relapse: 16–32). Patients were divided into train and test groups and using Random Forest, we developed algorithms for predicting ESS related outcomes.

Results

Based on data collected from 85 patients, the proposed Machine Learning‐approach predicted whether the patient would present control, partial control or relapse of nasal polyposis at 18 months following ESS. The algorithm predicted ESS outcomes with an accuracy between 69.23% (for non‐invasive input parameters) and 84.62% (when microRNAs were also included). Additionally, miR‐125b significantly improved the algorithm's accuracy and ranked as one of the most important algorithm variables.

Conclusion

We propose a Machine Learning algorithm which could change the prediction of disease course in CRSwNP.
Hindcasting long‐term data unveils the influence of a changing climate on small mammal communities
Authors: Lupone Luke , Cooke Raylene , Rendall Anthony R. , Siegrist Angelina , Penton Cara , Carlyon Matt , Ouchtomsky Tim , White John G.
Published: August 2024

Aim

Shifting climates are reshaping ecosystems globally and are projected to intensify over the coming century. Understanding how biodiversity will respond to these shifts is crucial for developing effective climate adaptation measures. We generate predictive models built from long‐term data to hindcast historic fluctuations in small mammal abundances as they have responded to shifting rainfall and fire conditions. This data set serves as the basis for predicting historical variations (hindcasting) in small mammal abundances, allowing us to examine their responses to decadal changes in fire and rainfall conditions within our study landscape.

Location

Australia (Victoria).

Taxa

Small mammals (Mammalia).

Time Period

1970–2022.

Methods

Small mammal abundance was surveyed at 36 long‐term trapping sites and modelled against coinciding fire history, vegetation productivity and rainfall using generalized additive mixed models. Six species were then used in predictive modelling against these variables for the decades preceding our monitoring programme (1970–2007).

Results

All species abundances increased with higher rainfall. Time since fire was also an important variable in all but one species model, with species displaying varying responses to time since fire. Hindcasting predictions for small mammal abundances varied with some species showing marked declines over time. Clear trends emerged, indicating more volatile population fluctuations in response to intensified fire and rainfall extremes in the 21st century. This suggests that periods of higher rainfall and less frequent fire events in the decades preceding our monitoring period supported higher and more stable small mammal abundances.

Conclusions

Native species show distinct sensitivity to the combined effects of drought and fire, which has occurred in recent times. Intensification of these drivers has caused increased volatility in small mammal abundances with low abundance extremes occurring more frequently.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors reduce the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in people with heart failure without diabetes: An analysis of real‐world, cohort data
Authors: Henney Alex E. , Riley David R. , Heague Megan , Hydes Theresa J. , Anson Matthew , Alam Uazman , Cuthbertson Daniel J.
Published: August 2024

Aim

Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), used as a glucose‐lowering therapy in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D), have significant cardiorenal benefits, reducing hospitalization for heart failure (HF) and cardiovascular mortality in patients with and without T2D. Recent clinical trial evidence suggests their potential utility in preventing incident T2D among the high‐risk HF populations. Therefore, we aimed to assess whether this finding was reproducible in a real‐world setting.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of 484 643 patients with HF, without baseline diabetes, prescribed either angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers with/without SGLT2is (treatment, n = 42 018; reference, n = 442 625) across 95 global health care organizations, using a large real‐world ecosystem. Propensity score matching balanced arms 1:1 for confounders (n = 39 168 each arm). Subgroup analysis further evaluated the impact on patients with prediabetes and the efficacy of dapagliflozin/empagliflozin, specifically, on incident T2D and secondary outcomes, including all‐cause mortality, acute pulmonary oedema and hospitalization.

Results

Treatment with SGLT2is significantly reduced incident T2D {hazard ratio (HR) 0.71 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.63, 0.75]} in patients with HF. The analysis of patients with prediabetes found that SGLT2is further reduced incident T2D [HR 0.62 (95% CI 0.45, 0.80)]. The magnitude of reduction in incident T2D was higher in patients prescribed dapagliflozin [HR 0.47 (95% CI 0.39, 0.56)] versus empagliflozin [HR 0.81 (95% CI 0.70, 0.93)].

Conclusion

Treatment with SGLT2is in patients with HF was associated with a reduced risk of incident T2D, most strikingly in people with prediabetes.
Dark tea consumption is associated with a reduced risk of dysglycaemia and increased urinary glucose and sodium excretion in Chinese adults
Authors: Li Tingting , Sang Miaomiao , Wang Jinbang , Sun Zilin , Wang Duolao , Xie Cong , Huang Weikun , Rayner Christopher K. , Horowitz Michael , Qiu Shanhu , Wu Tongzhi
Published: August 2024

Aim

To examine the associations of tea consumption (both frequency and type) with (1) prediabetes and diabetes and (2) urinary glucose and sodium excretion in Chinese community‐dwelling adults.

Materials and Methods

In 1923 participants (457 with diabetes, 720 with prediabetes, and 746 with normoglycaemia), the frequency (occasional, frequent, daily, or nil) and type (green, black, dark, or other) of tea consumption were assessed using a standardized questionnaire. Morning spot urinary glucose and urine glucose‐to‐creatinine ratios (UGCRs) were assessed as markers of urinary glucose excretion. Tanaka's equation was used to estimate 24‐h urinary sodium excretion. Logistic and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed.

Results

Compared with non‐tea drinkers, the corresponding multivariable‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for prediabetes and diabetes were 0.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.48, 0.83) and 0.58 (95% CI 0.41, 0.82) in participants drinking tea daily. However, only drinking dark tea was associated with reduced ORs for prediabetes (0.49, 95% CI 0.36, 0.66) and diabetes (0.41, 95% CI 0.28, 0.62). Dark tea consumption was associated with increased morning spot urinary glucose (0.22 mmol/L, 95% CI 0.11, 0.34 mmol/L), UGCR (0.15 mmol/mmol, 95% CI 0.05, 0.25 mmol/L) and estimated 24‐h urinary sodium (7.78 mEq/day, 95% CI 2.27, 13.28 mEq/day).

Conclusions

Regular tea consumption, especially dark tea, is associated with a reduced risk of dysglycaemia and increased urinary glucose and sodium excretion in Chinese community‐dwelling adults.
Dispersal limits poleward expansion of mangroves on the west coast of North America
Authors: Cavanaugh Kyle C. , Carroll Dustin , Bardou Rémi , Van der Stocken Tom
Published: August 2024

While much attention has been paid to the climatic controls of species' range limits, other factors such as dispersal limitation are also important. Temperature is an important control of the distribution of coastal mangrove forests, and mangrove expansion at multiple poleward range limits has been linked to increasing temperatures. However, mangrove abundances at other poleward range limits have been surprisingly insensitive to climate change, indicating other drivers of range limitation. For example, along the west coast of North America, the poleward mangrove range limits are found on the Baja California and mainland coasts of Mexico, between 26°48ʹ and 30°18ʹN. Non‐climatic factors may play an important role in setting these range limits as 1) the abundance of range limit populations has been relatively insensitive to climate variability and 2) an introduced population of mangroves has persisted hundreds of kilometers north of the natural range limits. We combined a species distribution model with a high‐resolution oceanographic transport model to identify the roles of climate and dispersal limitation in controlling mangrove distributions. We identified estuarine habitat that is likely climatically suitable for mangroves north of the current range limits. However, propagules from current mangrove populations are unlikely to reach these suitable locations due to prevailing ocean currents and geomorphic factors that create a patchy distribution of estuarine habitat with large between‐patch distances. Thus, although climate change is driving range shifts of mangroves in multiple regions around the world, dispersal is currently limiting poleward mangrove expansion at several range limits, including the west coast of North America.
Bulbar muscle impairment in patients with late onset Pompe disease: Insight from the French Pompe registry
Authors: Retailleau Emilie , Lefeuvre Claire , De Antonio Marie , Bouhour Françoise , Tard Celine , Salort‐Campana Emmanuelle , Lagrange Emmeline , Béhin Anthony , Solé Guilhem , Noury Jean‐Baptiste , Sacconi Sabrina , Magot Armelle , Pakleza Aleksandra Nadaj , Orlikowski David , Beltran Stéphane , Spinazzi Marco , Cintas Pascal , Fournier Maxime , Bouibede Fatma , Prigent Hélène , Nicolas Guillaume , Taouagh Nadjib , El Guizani Taissir , Attarian Shahram , Arrassi Azzeddine , Hamroun Dalil , Laforêt Pascal
Published: August 2024

Background and purpose

Late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a rare neuromuscular disorder caused by a deficit in acid alpha‐glucosidase. Macroglossia and swallowing disorders have already been reported, but no study has focused yet on its frequency and functional impact on patients' daily life.

Methods

We reviewed 100 adult LOPD patients followed in 17 hospitals in France included in the French national Pompe disease registry. The Swallowing Quality of Life Questionnaire and the Sydney Swallow Questionnaire were completed by patients, and a specialist carried out a medical examination focused on swallowing and assigned a Salassa score to each patient. Respiratory and motor functions were also recorded. Subgroup analysis compared patients with and without swallowing difficulties based on Salassa score.

Results

Thirty‐two percent of patients presented with swallowing difficulties, often mild but sometimes severe enough to require percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (1%). Daily dysphagia was reported for 20% of our patients and aspirations for 18%; 9.5% were unable to eat away from home. Macroglossia was described in 18% of our patients, and 11% had lingual atrophy. Only 15% of patients presenting with swallowing disorders were followed by a speech therapist. Swallowing difficulties were significantly associated with macroglossia (p = 0.015), longer duration of illness (p = 0.032), and a lower body mass index (p = 0.047).

Conclusions

Swallowing difficulties in LOPD are common and have significant functional impact. Increased awareness by physicians of these symptoms with systematic examination of the tongue and questions about swallowing can lead to appropriate multidisciplinary care with a speech therapist and dietitian if needed.
Baseline engagement with healthy lifestyles and their associations with health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis enrolled in an online multimodal lifestyle course
Authors: Yu Maggie , Neate Sandra , Nag Nupur , Bevens William , Jelinek George , Simpson‐Yap Steve , Davenport Rebekah A. , Fidao Alex , Reece Jeanette
Published: August 2024

Background and Purpose

Healthy lifestyle behaviour modification may improve health outcomes in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), but empirical evidence is needed to confirm prior study findings. We developed an online multimodal lifestyle intervention (Multiple Sclerosis Online Course) to examine the impact of lifestyle modification on health outcomes in pwMS via a randomized control trial (RCT). However, the present study specifically analyses baseline data to assess engagement with healthy lifestyles by RCT participants and cross‐sectional associations with health outcomes.

Methods

Baseline engagement with six “healthy lifestyle behaviours” of the intervention course (high‐quality, plant‐based diet; ≥5000 IU/day vitamin D; omega‐3 supplementation; ≥30 min physical activity 5 times/week; ≥30 min/week meditation; and nonsmoking) was examined. Associations between individual versus collective behaviours (individual behaviours summated) and health outcomes (quality of life [QoL]/fatigue/disability) were evaluated using multivariate modelling (linear/log‐binomial/multinomial).

Results

At baseline, 33.7% and 30.0% of participants (n = 857) engaged in one or two healthy behaviours, respectively. In total, engagement with healthy lifestyles by participants was as follows: nonsmoking, 90.7%; omega‐3 supplementation, 34.5%; vitamin D supplementation, 29.8%; physical activity, 29.4%; diet, 10.7%; and meditation, 10.5%. Individual behaviours (nonsmoking/physical activity/diet) were independently associated with better health outcomes. Engagement with multiple behaviours, especially diet and physical activity, was associated with better outcomes; engaging with ≥4 behaviours was associated with a 9.0‐point higher mental QoL and a 9.5‐point higher physical QoL, as well as 23% and 56% lower prevalence of fatigue and moderate disability, respectively.

Conclusions

Baseline engagement with ≥4 healthy behaviours, including diet and physical activity, was associated with better health outcomes.
Comparative insight into the regenerative mechanisms of the adult brain in zebrafish and mouse: highlighting the importance of the immune system and inflammation in successful regeneration
Authors: Chen Jincan , Sanchez‐Iranzo Hector , Diotel Nicolas , Rastegar Sepand
Published: August 2024

Regeneration, the complex process of restoring damaged or absent cells, tissues, and organs, varies considerably between species. The zebrafish is a remarkable model organism for its impressive regenerative abilities, particularly in organs such as the heart, fin, retina, spinal cord, and brain. Unlike mammals, zebrafish can regenerate with limited or absent scarring, a phenomenon closely linked to the activation of stem cells and immune cells. This review examines the unique roles played by the immune response and inflammation in zebrafish and mouse during regeneration, highlighting the cellular and molecular mechanisms behind their divergent regenerative capacities. By focusing on zebrafish telencephalic regeneration and comparing it to that of the rodents, this review highlights the importance of a well‐controlled, acute, and non‐persistent immune response in zebrafish, which promotes an environment conducive to regeneration. The knowledge gained from understanding the mechanisms of zebrafish regeneration holds great promises for the treatment of human neurodegenerative diseases and brain damage (stroke and traumatic brain injuries), as well as for the advancement of regenerative medicine approaches.
An Economic Evaluation of Family‐Based Versus Traditional Helicobacter pylori Screen‐and‐Treat Strategy: Based on Real‐World Data and Microsimulation Model
Authors: Ma Yue , Zhou Xianzhu , Liu Yashi , Xu Shihan , Ma Aixia , Du Yiqi , Li Hongchao
Published: August 2024

Objective

There is an economic evaluation on the family‐based Helicobacter pylori screen‐and‐treat strategy (FBHS) in China. This study aimed to compare the cost‐effectiveness of the FBHS with the traditional H. pylori screen‐and‐treat strategy (TBHS).

Materials and Methods

A seven‐state microsimulation model, including H. pylori infection and gastric cancer states, was constructed on the basis of the target family samples from 29 provinces in China. Taking a lifetime horizon from a healthcare system perspective, the long‐term costs and health outcomes of the FBHS and TBHS screening strategies were simulated separately, and economic evaluations were performed. The model parameters were primarily derived from real‐world data, published literature, and expert opinions. The primary outcome was the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) expressed as cost/quality‐adjusted life‐year (QALY) gained. One‐way sensitivity analysis, probabilistic sensitivity analysis, and scenario analysis were performed to assess the uncertainty of the results.

Results

The base‐case analysis revealed that the average costs for FBHS and TBHS were 563.67 CNY and 574.08 CNY, respectively, with corresponding average QALYs of 14.83 and 14.79. The ICER for the comparison between the two strategies was −214.07, indicating that FBHS was an absolutely dominant strategy with better cost‐effectiveness. The results of both one‐way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis were robust. When taking into account the added benefit of the higher H. pylori eradication rate in FBHS, the average costs were further reduced, and the average QALYs were increased, solidifying its position as an unequivocally dominant strategy.

Conclusion

The FBHS is an absolutely dominant and cost‐effective strategy that enables an optimized allocation of screening resources. Decision‐makers should prioritize FBHS when developing H. pylori prevention and control strategies.
Developing a Consensus Statement to Target Oral Health Inequalities in People With Severe Mental Illness
Authors: Mishu Masuma Pervin , Aggarwal Vishal , Shiers David , Peckham Emily , Johnston Gordon , Joury Easter , Chew‐Graham Carolyn A. , Goodall Katie , Elliott Emma , French Paul , Harris Rebecca , Laverty Louise , Palmier‐Claus Jasper
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Oral diseases are more prevalent in people with severe mental illness (SMI) compared to those without mental illnees. A greater focus on oral health is needed to reverse unacceptable but often neglected oral health inequality in people with SMI. This provided the impetus for developing ‘The Right to Smile’ consensus statement. We aimed to develop and disseminate a consensus statement to address oral health inequality, highlighting the main areas for concern and recommending an evidence‐based 5‐year action plan to improve oral health in people with SMI.

Methods

The Right to Smile consensus statement was developed by experts from several professional disciplines and practice settings (mental, dental and public health) and people with lived experience, including carers. Stakeholders participated in a series of online workshops to develop a rights‐based consensus statement. Subsequent dissemination activities were conducted to maximise its reach and impact.

Results

The consensus statement was developed to focus on how oral health inequalities could be addressed through a set of 5‐year improvement targets for practice, policy and training. The consensus was reached on three 5‐year action plans: ‘Any assessment of physical health in people experiencing SMI must include consideration of oral health’, ‘Access to dental services for people with SMI needs to improve’ and ‘The importance of oral health for people experiencing SMI should be recognised in healthcare training, systems, and structures’.

Conclusion

This consensus statement urges researchers, services and policymakers to embrace a 5‐year action plan to improve oral health for people with SMI.

Patient or Public Contribution

The team included people with lived experience of SMI, their carers/family members and mental and dental health service providers. They were involved in every stage of developing the consensus statement, from conception to development and dissemination.
How do students engage with parallel corpora in translation? A multiple case study approach
Authors: Liu Kanglong , Su Yanfang , Lai Chun , Jin Tan
Published: August 2024

While emerging research has contributed significantly to our understanding of the efficacy of parallel corpora in translation education, specifically concerning student performance and perception, however, there remains a noticeable gap in the literature regarding the examination of student engagement with parallel corpora during the translation process. To address this research gap, the present study seeks to comprehensively analyse the behavioural, cognitive, and affective engagement of three MA students when utilizing parallel corpora in Chinese–English translation tasks. A multiple case study design was implemented, drawing upon a diverse range of data sources, including screencasts capturing students’ translation processes, the resultant translation outputs, corpus search logs, and in‐depth interviews. The findings of this investigation reveal distinct engagement patterns exhibited by individual students and underscore the intricate interplay of these three dimensions of engagement. Furthermore, student engagement with the parallel corpus significantly influences their translation performance. This research also unveils various factors that impact student engagement patterns, including the perceived affordances of the parallel corpus, students’ self‐perception, and learning motivation.
Predictors of initiating biologics in the treatment of psoriasis
Authors: Linnemann Emilia , Nielsen Mia‐Louise , Maul Lara Valeska , Richter Clara , Dommann Isabella , Zink Alexander , Schlapbach Christoph , Yawalkar Nikhil , Conrad Curdin , Cozzio Antonio , Kündig Thomas , Navarini Alexander , Egeberg Alexander , Maul Julia‐Tatjana
Published: August 2024

Background

Biologics are among the most effective therapies for psoriasis. However, many patients are only introduced to them at advanced stages of the disease course.

Objectives

Our aim was to identify predictors of initiating biologic therapy in patients with psoriasis and compare patients initiating biologics early versus late in their disease course.

Methods

Kaplan–Meier curves visualized time to biologic initiation, while Cox regression models further explored variables as predictors of biologic initiation. Mann–Whitney U and chi‐squared tests compared patients who started biologics early with those who began biologics later in the disease course.

Results

Our primary analysis included 233 psoriasis patients. Cox regression showed that age at diagnosis (P = 0.007), general physical well‐being (P = 0.02), and nail psoriasis severity (P = 0.02) were significantly associated with time to biologic initiation. Our secondary analysis, the comparisons between patients starting biologics early versus later in the disease course, included a total of 378 patients. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age at diagnosis was 34.5 (25.0–51.2) years for patients initiating biologics within 5 years, compared to 22.0 (15.0–32.8) years for patients initiating biologics later (P < 0.0001). The median (IQR) age at initiation was 37.0 (27.0–53.2) and 45.0 (36.0–55.0) years for patients initiating biologics earlier versus later than 5 years (P = 0.04).

Conclusions

Age at diagnosis, general well‐being, and severity of nail psoriasis significantly predicted future initiation of biologic treatment. Patients initiating biologics early in their disease course were generally older at diagnosis but younger at the time of biologic initiation compared to patients initiating biologics later in their disease course.
Effects of virtual reality training on clinical skill performance in nursing students: A systematic review, meta‐analysis and meta‐regression
Authors: Kim Yoojin , Park Ha‐Young
Published: August 2024

Aims

This review examined the impact of virtual reality (VR) training on nursing students' clinical skill performance and identified essential features of VR training.

Background

VR provides immersive content, simulating real‐life scenarios and preventing errors in clinical settings.

Design

This systematic review and meta‐analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines.

Data sources

Studies were obtained from Ovid‐EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL and PubMed.

Review methods

Studies related to VR training published from 1 January 2000 to 8 May 2024 were included. Comprehensive Meta‐Analysis 4.0 software was used for meta‐analysis and random effects meta‐regression. The overall effect was assessed with Hedges' g and Z‐statistics (p < 0.05). Heterogeneity was measured using I‐squared (I2) statistics.

Results

Among the 31 476 studies, 11 randomized controlled trial studies were included. Meta‐analysis demonstrated a significant improvement in clinical skill performance, with a medium to large effect (g = 0.61) in the VR group (Z = 3.80, p < 0.001). Subgroup analyses highlighted higher nursing skills in the VR training topic. Meta‐regression revealed that the VR training topic (β = 1.23, p < 0.001) and method of VR training (β = −0.53, p = 0.05) were significant covariates influencing clinical skill performance.

Conclusion

VR training improves nursing students' clinical skill performance, addressing shortcomings in the clinical practicum.
Characteristics of chronic ulcer patients by gender and ulcer aetiology from a multidisciplinary wound centre
Authors: Kuikko Katarina , Salmi Teea , Huhtala Heini , Kimpimäki Teija
Published: August 2024

Chronic ulcer patients form a heterogenous group of patients with various medical backgrounds. Cost‐effective targeted treatment necessitates more knowledge about specific features related to different subgroups of ulcer patients. Hence, this study aimed to characterize ulcer patients according to gender and ulcer aetiology. A total of 946 consecutively recorded chronic ulcer patients in the Tampere Wound Registry (TWR) were included and data were gathered from the TWR and patient medical records. Comparisons were made between males and females and patients with venous‐, arterial or mixed‐, diabetic foot‐, pressure‐ and atypical ulcers. Male patients were found to have diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and obesity significantly more often than females (59.2% vs. 39.6%; p < 0.001, 46.5% vs. 33.3%; p = 0.001, 42.7% vs. 35.9%; p = 0.017 respectively), whereas autoimmune diseases were more common among females (30.6% vs. 15.6%; p < 0.001). Recurrence of ulcers was most common among patients with venous ulcers (p < 0.001) and multimorbidity among those with diabetic foot ulcers (p < 0.001). To conclude, males with chronic ulcers would benefit particularly from lifestyle advice, multidisciplinary treatment should be targeted specifically at those with diabetic and arterial or mixed ulcers and preventive measures at those with venous ulcers.