bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'asymétrie de l'ion cuivre bivalent dans des combinaisons du « type NaCl » et du « type Spinelle ». II — Étude des spinelles M2CuO4 et de leurs solutions solides
Authors: Delorme Claude
Published: October 2018

Dans une première partie nous avons étudié les déformations quadratiques du réseau NaCl des solutions solides NiO — CuO et CoO — CuO. Nous poursuivons cette étude de l'influence de l'asymétrie de l'ion cuivre bivalent dans le cas du réseau spinelle. Parmi les spinelles M₂CuO₄ que nous passons en revue certains sont nouveaux. Deux sont quadratiques : Fe₂CuO₄ et Cr₂CuO₄. La déformation quadratique est étudiée en fonction de la substitution d'ions bivalents au cuivre et d'ions trivalents au fer et au chrome. Dans l'étude du système Fe₂₋ₓAlₓCuO₄ nous considérons les variations d'énergie correspondant aux migrations d'ions. La part d'origine électrostatique peut être aisément calculée en utilisant la méthode que nous exposons dans le chapitre II-I. Certains de nos résultats s'expliquent, selon les hypothèses de Goodenough et Loeb, en supposant des liaisons covalentes «carrées » responsables des déformations quadratiques. Pour conclure nous supposons une asymétrie de l'ion Cu⁺⁺ mais seulement au voisinage d'un métal de transition.
Gallates et aluminates isomorphes de la géhlénite
Authors: Durif-Varambon André , Forrat F.
Published: October 2018

On décrit les gallates et aluminates de formule CaTM₃O₇ où M = Al ou Ga et T = Métal de terre rare. Les aluminates ont été préparés avec T = La, Pr, Sm et Y ; les gallates avec T = La, Pr, Nd et Sm. Ces composés dérivent de la géhlénite : Ca₂Al₂SiO₇ par la double substitution Si + Ca = Al + T.

L'étude montre une fois de plus la possibilité de substitution totale du silicium dans un silicate sans changement de structure.
Les groupes de symétrie bicolores et leurs applications
Authors: Le Corre Yves
Published: October 2018

La théorie des groupes bicolores cristallographiques à une, deux et trois dimensions est esquissée. L'étude de ces groupes est aisée lorsqu'on a dénombré les nouveaux réseaux de Bravais et les nouvelles classes de symétrie.

Les groupes à deux dimensions rendent compte de la symétrie des projections de Fourier généralisées.

Les groupes à trois dimensions sont utiles pour l'étude et la nomenclature des associations cristallographiques (macles, domaines, changements de phase) et des structures antiferromagnétiques. Ils permettent de tenir compte de la symétrie par rapport au temps et prévoient l'existence de 69 classes piézomagnétiques.
Structure protonique de NaBr. 2H2O
Authors: Van Meerssche Maurice , Dereppe Jean-Marie , Lobo Pedro W.
Published: October 2018

La position des protons dans NaBr.2H₂O a été déterminée par l'analyse des spectres de R. M. N. d'un monocristal. Les deux molécules d'eau forment trois liaisons d'hydrogène rectilignes avec des bromes (H˗Br moyen : 2,37 Å). L'entourage positif des bromes (2Na 4H) est prismatique trigonal.
La cummingtonite de Senones (Vosges)
Authors: Nicolas A. , Pierrot Roland
Published: October 2018

La cummingtonite apparaît dans des cornéennes représentant le produit de la transformation d'un niveau gréso-pélitique, intercalé dans une série dévono-dinantienne, ayant subi le métamorphisme de contact du granite de Senones. Description et étude de cette cummingtonite.
Histoire et identité des Juifs du Maroc : "des siècles d'altérité paradoxale"
Authors: Sebag-Serfaty Nicole
Published: October 2018

La dispersion de la société judéo-marocaine et sa réduction à l'état de microsociété sur sa terre natale n'ont pas réduit pour autant la persistance de ses revendications identitaires fondées sur des siècles d'enracinement. L'analyse des marqueurs historiques démontre qu'elle avait esquivé les méfaits de l'immobilisme, qu'elle s'était adaptée aux différentes reconfigurations identitaires en réussissant le double exploit de changer en restant la même. La combinaison de ces repères avec les marqueurs identitaires font apparaître autant les clivages avec leurs voisins musulmans que l'adhésion à un patrimoine culturel commun ou encore les tentatives de rapprochements favorisant la configuration d'une identité paradoxale.
Les origines des Juifs de Mogador/Essaouira
Authors: Ohayon Jacob
Published: October 2018

Ce texte inédit, daté de 1945, est sans doute le dernier écrit de mon grand-père, puisque celui-ci est mort du typhus cette même année.

Il nous éclaire sur le jeu de concurrence entre les empires français et britannique à la fin du XIXe siècle, et dont les juifs de Mogador furent un des pions. Il nous apporte également quelques éléments sur les relations entre musulmans, juifs et européens à cette époque. Il évoque le réseau relationnel des mogadoriens, avec l'Angleterre et la France. Ils étaient aussi en relation avec d'autres pays dont il ne parle pas, dont l'Allemagne et le Brésil. Il est parti de Mogador en 1930, suite à la crise de 1929 qui fit chuter les affaires commerciales dans le monde entier. Des mogadoriens sont partis à Casablanca, d'autres à Agadir et dans d'autres villes du Maroc, certains sont partis en France.
L'image de l'Africain dans la presse anarchiste de l'exil espagnol
Authors: Domergue Lucienne
Published: October 2018

Il peut sembler déconcertant de prime abord de voir les anarchistes espagnols exilés en France donner de l'Afrique et en particulier des Marocains une image négative, dont leur presse (articles et surtout dessins) se fait le reflet. La faute en revient avant tout à Franco qui a fait d'un « protectorat » récent le tremplin de son ascension.
Une littérature arabe « immigrée »
Authors: Miloud Gharrafi Mohammed
Published: October 2018

L'article se penche sur la lecture de deux récits (romans ?) arabes appartenant à la nouvelle littérature de l'immigration. Il rend compte des différentes thématiques abordées et met en évidence ce qui distingue cette littérature de celle des générations précédentes. Il se veut plus une contribution à la découverte de la littérature arabe de l'immigration clandestine qu'une approche critique.
La jeunesse africaine : entre autochtonie et cosmopolitisme
Authors: Diouf Mamadou
Published: October 2018

Le projet nationaliste a tenté un double pari : maintenir la frontière entre aînés /cadets pour légitimer sa vocation de texte fondateur de la restauration des valeurs africaines d'une part et, d'autre part, d'inscrire les jeunes et la jeunesse au centre de son dispositif idéologique de développement économique et de libération nationale. Quel a été le destin de ce projet social post- Indépendance et quelle est la situation aujourd'hui ?
La migration transnationale des africains subsahariens au Maghreb. L'exemple de l'étape marocaine
Authors: Alioua Mehdi
Published: October 2018

Depuis les années 1990 des milliers de migrants subsahariens se retrouvent, une fois le Sahara franchi, au Maghreb, après avoir traversé l'Afrique du sud au nord, souvent «illégalement», avec comme projet de passer en Europe. Ils circulent collectivement de territoire en territoire connectant ainsi par leur mobilité des espaces différenciés par du lien social en étalant leurs réseaux migratoires transnationaux. Je décrirai comment les acteurs de cette migration transnationale apprennent à jouer sur plusieurs espaces comment ils contournent les contrôles des États-nations, redessinant « par le bas » les rapports sociopolitiques dans cette région. Je mettrai alors un accent sur le lien social qui caractérise cette configuration migratoire en décrivant comment ils compensent une absence de territoire en concentrant des volontés individuelles de mobilité dans des groupes sociaux particuliers : les collectifs de transmigrants subsahariens aux origines diverses qui organisent, lors de leurs étapes, la coopération et la solidarité autour de leur complémentarité.
De la cuisine de rue au restaurant
Authors: Rambourg Patrick
Published: October 2018

On a longtemps occulté la cuisine de rue qui pourtant témoigne d'identités culinaires plus que séculaires. Dès la fin du Moyen Âge, une véritable culture du prêt-à-manger s'est ainsi développée dans les grandes villes, créant des habitudes de consommation et une longue tradition de professionnels de bouche qui contribuèrent à l'émergence des restaurants dans la France des Lumières...
La perte chez Ghassan Kanafani dans Retour à Haïfa
Authors: Radi Mohamed
Published: October 2018

L’oeuvre de Ghassan Kanafani montre la proximité entre la perte d’une partie de soi et celle de la patrie. Ce roman incarne la déception d’un peuple mais aussi le désir de mettre fin à l’occupation. La perte est le moteur central autour duquel s’organise tout le roman. L’auteur y met en lumière des événements qui ont eu des tournures sur le niveau personnel et sur le niveau collectif. Notre étude essaie de montrer comment ce thème se manifeste dans les deux niveaux, et de mettre en évidence les modalités d’une telle rencontre. Doctorat en Lettres Modernes à l’université Stendhal Grenoble 3 en 2005 sous la direction de Mme Chantal Massol (mention très honorable). Pendant la thèse, attaché au centre de recherche É. CRI. RE (Équipe de recherches sur la CRise de la REprésentation). Il s’intéresse aux littératures francophones d’Afrique du Nord et du Moyen Orient et travaille également sur l’oeuvre de Gustave Flaubert. Actuellement, enseigne des cours de langue, de culture francophone et de littérature française et francophone à l’université Al-Hussein Bin Talal en Jordanie. Participation au colloque international à l’université de Tartu (Estonie), du 22 au 23 septembre 2006 qui avait pour thème «lecteur comme spectateur dans la littérature», parution de la contribution dans le prochain numéro de Studia Romanica Tartuensia.
De l’importance de la tradition pour le roman arabe moderne
Authors: Ġiṭānī Ǧamāl al-
Published: October 2018

Contrairement à ceux, parmi les intellectuels arabes, qui pensent que la culture arabe est acculée ou à imiter l’occident ou à puiser dans la tradition, G. Ghitany montre, à travers son expérience personnelle, d’une part, comment cette opposition est erronée, et d’autre part, qu’il ne peut y avoir d’universalité qu’à travers ce rapport vivant à la tradition et à sa spécificité.
Nédroma, une référence algérienne
Authors: Grandguillaume Gilbert
Published: October 2018

Nédroma, petite ville historique de l’ouest algérien, dont l’existence est attestée dès le XIe siècle, présente les caractéristiques classiques des cités islamiques dites médina (madîna). Elles les a conservées jusqu’à l’indépendance, marquée par un brassage important de la population. Relativement rares en Algérie les médina témoignent d’une existence précoloniale de ce pays, et lui offrent le modèle d’une société sachant allier tradition et mouvement, capable d’assumer la multiplicité de ses origines et ainsi d’incarner une référence algérienne.
Du théâtre algérien en langue arabe dialectale
Authors: Guardi Jolanda
Published: October 2018

Dans cet article on cherche à lire le parcours du théâtre algérien d’expression arabe dialectale considéré comme façon d’entendre la dramaturgie caractéristique de cette expression artistique en Algérie. Pour cela faire, après une introduction sur les supposées origines du théâtre au sens occidental dans le pays on présente, à titre d’exemple, la figure de Rachid Qsantini pour souligner que cette question du dialectal est comme le fil rouge qui parcourt toute la question de l’expression. On présente enfin des considérations sur l’utilisation d’une certaine langue dans le théâtre contemporain, visant à souligner comme la création de nouveaux modèles esthétiques dans le domaine de la culture est lié au domaine politique et social.
Les gardiens du secret : réflexions sur la convivencia dans deux romans historiques espagnols
Authors: Gilmour Nicola
Published: October 2018

La période de coexistence entre Chrétiens, Musulmans et Juifs dans la Péninsule Ibérique, généralement connue comme « l'Espagne des trois cultures », s'est avérée une puissante source d'inspiration pour les auteurs de romans historiques populaires. Partant du constat que ces romans nous révèlent fréquemment bien plus sur les attitudes de l'époque dans laquelle ils furent écrits que sur l'époque où le récit se déroule, et que la culture populaire met souvent au jour des tensions présentes dans la société ou la culture d'origine, ce travail analysera les représentations des Musulmans, des Juifs et de l'idéal de « cohabitation » dans deux romans historiques récents pour examiner leur représentation du concept de « l'Espagne des trois cultures ».
Unique Tracks Drive the Scatter of the Spatially Resolved Star Formation Main Sequence
Authors: Hall Christine , Courteau Stéphane , Jarrett Thomas , Cluver Michelle , Meurer Gerhardt , Carignan Claude , Audcent-Ross Fiona
Published: October 2018

The scatter of the spatially resolved star formation main sequence (SFMS) is investigated in order to reveal signatures about the processes of galaxy formation and evolution. We have assembled a sample of 355 nearby galaxies with spatially resolved Hα and mid-infrared fluxes from the Survey for Ionized Neutral Gas in Galaxies and the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, respectively. We examine the impact of various star formation rate (SFR) and stellar mass transformations on the SFMS. Ranging from 106 to 1011.5
M
⊙ and derived from color to mass-to-light ratio methods for mid-infrared bands, the stellar masses are internally consistent within their range of applicability and inherent systematic errors; a constant mass-to-light ratio also yields representative stellar masses. The various SFR estimates show intrinsic differences and produce noticeable vertical shifts in the SFMS, depending on the timescales and physics encompassed by the corresponding tracer. SFR estimates appear to break down on physical scales below 500 pc. We also examine the various sources of scatter in the spatially resolved SFMS and find morphology does not play a significant role. We identify three unique tracks across the SFMS by individual galaxies, delineated by a critical stellar mass density of log(

) ∼ 7.5. Below this scale, the SFMS shows no clear trend and is likely driven by local, stochastic internal processes. Above this scale, all spatially resolved galaxies have comparable SFMS slopes but exhibit two different behaviors, resulting likely from the rate of mass accretion at the center of the galaxy.
The SINS/zC-SINF Survey of z ∼ 2 Galaxy Kinematics: SINFONI Adaptive Optics–assisted Data and Kiloparsec-scale Emission-line Properties∗
Authors: Schreiber N. M. Förster , Renzini A. , Mancini C. , Genzel R. , Bouché N. , Cresci G. , Hicks E. K. S. , Lilly S. J. , Peng Y. , Burkert A. , Carollo C. M. , Cimatti A. , Daddi E. , Davies R. I. , Genel S. , Kurk J. D. , Lang P. , Lutz D. , Mainieri V. , McCracken H. J. , Mignoli M. , Naab T. , Oesch P. , Pozzetti L. , Scodeggio M. , Griffin K. Shapiro , Shapley A. E. , Sternberg A. , Tacchella S. , Tacconi L. J. , Wuyts S. , Zamorani G.
Published: October 2018

We present the “SINS/zC-SINF AO survey” of 35 star-forming galaxies, the largest sample with deep adaptive optics (AO)–assisted near-infrared integral field spectroscopy at z ∼ 2. The observations, taken with SINFONI at the Very Large Telescope, resolve the Hα and [N ii] emission and kinematics on scales of ∼1.5 kpc. The sample probes the massive (M
⋆ ∼ 2 × 109 − 3 × 1011
M
⊙), actively star-forming (SFR ∼ 10–600 M
⊙ yr−1) part of the z ∼ 2 galaxy population over a wide range of colors ((U − V)rest ∼ 0.15–1.5 mag) and half-light radii (R

e,H
∼ 1–8.5 kpc). The sample overlaps largely with the “main sequence” of star-forming galaxies in the same redshift range to a similar K
AB = 23 mag limit; it has ∼0.3 dex higher median specific SFR, ∼0.1 mag bluer median (U − V)rest color, and ∼10% larger median rest-optical size. We describe the observations, data reduction, and extraction of basic flux and kinematic properties. With typically 3–4 times higher resolution and 4–5 times longer integrations (up to 23 hr) than the seeing-limited data sets of the same objects, the AO data reveal much more detail in morphology and kinematics. The complete AO observations confirm the majority of kinematically classified disks and the typically elevated disk velocity dispersions previously reported based on subsets of the data. We derive typically flat or slightly negative radial [N ii]/

gradients, with no significant trend with global galaxy properties, kinematic nature, or the presence of an AGN. Azimuthal variations in [N ii]/

are seen in several sources and are associated with ionized gas outflows and possibly more metal-poor star-forming clumps or small companions. The reduced AO data are made publicly available (http://www.mpe.mpg.de/ir/SINS/SINS-zcSINF-data).
Biology, distribution and geographic variation of loliginid squids (Mollusca: Cephalopoda) off southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Martins Rodrigo Silvestre , Juanicó Marcelo
Published: October 2018

The biology and ecology of southwestern Atlantic loliginid squids have been intensively researched in the last few decades, mostly off the Brazilian southern coast. However, information gathered by scientific research cruisers, either past or recent, is limited. Three species of loliginid squids – the warm-tempered Doryteuthissanpaulensis (Brakoniecki, 1984), plus the tropical D.pleii (Blainville, 1823) and Lolligunculabrevis (Blainville, 1823) – were sampled along 16 degrees of latitude on the southwestern Atlantic (22–38°S). The samples were obtained mostly from oceanographic surveys, but also included squids caught by commercial fisheries, and a few specimens from museum collections. Squid response to abiotic variables, morphological variation and circadian behaviour were surveyed in detail. Doryteuthissanpaulensis can be divided into at least six distinguishable geographical groups, which do not form a cline. In contrast, D.pleii can be divided into only two morphological groups that are very similar. Doryteuthis spp. were heterogeneously distributed on the shelf, whereas L.brevis was confined nearshore. Our data extended the southernmost distribution range of D.pleii by at least nine degrees of latitude, owing to specimens obtained at ~38°S (Mar del Plata, Argentina). Small, immature D.sanpaulensis were sampled inside the Patos Lagoon estuary (~32°S). The morphologically similar Doryteuthis spp. apparently avoid direct competition by concentrating at different depths, displaying different thermal preferences, and inverse circadian levels of activity. The information reported herein may be regarded as a “snapshot” of the ecology of sympatric squids in a marine environment that has not been deeply affected by climate change.
« C’est normal docteur ? » Normal et pathologique en médecine générale
Authors: Meidani Anastasia
Published: October 2018

Le présent article se propose d’interroger le processus de normalisation à l’œuvre, au sein de la médecine générale, à partir d’un triple corpus des données recueillies dans plus de 800 articles de la revue Prescrire et une série d’entretiens auprès des médecins généralistes exerçant en libéral (N = 20) et étudiés en amont dans le cadre des séances d’observation in situ dans leur cabinet médical (N = 100h). L’ambition dépasse le seul cadre d’une sociographie des pratiques des soins et rend compte du contexte normatif qui cherche à réguler la production du pathos porteur de label médical. Étudiées au prisme des normes véhiculées dans la revue Prescrire, les relations soignants/soignés en œuvre dans les cabinets des généralistes participent de la fabrique des « anormaux », au même titre que les représentations qui parcourent les récits de ces soignants. L’article montre alors la place centrale que la médecine générale occupe au sein de ce processus, face à l’obsession contemporaine de la normalité, recouvrant à la fois l’élaboration collective des conduites individuelles, jugées non conformes selon un état de santé estimé pathologique, et le projet sociomédical de les « corriger ». Signaler la déviance biologique suffirait-il alors pour générer de la déviance sociale ?
Les fins de la psychanalyse ou quelle érotique peut-on attendre d’une psychanalyse ?
Authors: Marie Pierre
Published: October 2018

On oublie souvent que la psychanalyse est le nom d’une méthode thérapeutique dont la visée est la suspension de la contrainte de répétition du symptôme par une opération appelée castration ; on oublie plus souvent encore que cette opération bouleverse de part en part le rapport du sujet à l’Autre, et donc à son monde, à ses objets, à sa jouissance, celle dite phallique en œuvre dans la relation sexuelle avec son partenaire, mais aussi celle dite autre en œuvre sans qu’il n’en sache rien.
Le temps (réel), c’est de l’argent
Authors: Pfister Christian
Published: October 2018

À l’âge du trading haute fréquence sur les marchés financiers et de la mise en place de services de paiements instantanés dans le commerce de détail, on peut trouver étrange que l’échéance la plus courte négociée sur le marché monétaire soit le « au jour le jour ». Cette situation est le reflet de politiques menées par les banques centrales qui fournissent gratuitement la liquidité intra-journalière au système bancaire. De telles politiques sont difficiles à fonder en théorie et comportent des limites auxquelles les banques centrales pourraient remédier en conduisant des politiques monétaires en temps réel. L’article détaille comment, à la suite de cette décision, les banques centrales pourraient adapter certaines caractéristiques de leur cadre opérationnel de politique monétaire et de leurs systèmes de réglement brut en temps réel. En tout état de cause, les avantages potentiels d’un tel choix devraient être soigneusement pesés en contrepartie des coûts pour les banques centrales, les intermédiaires financiers et la société.
Résistances à la laïcisation
Authors: Jusseaume Anne
Published: October 2018

À partir de la fin des années 1870, le Conseil municipal de Paris et l’Assistance publique lancent la laïcisation des hôpitaux et bureaux de bienfaisance. En parallèle de la laïcisation scolaire, cette politique vise directement les congrégations charitables. La loi de 1901 et la décennie qu’elle ouvre constituent l’acmé de la politique anticléricale de la Troisième République, donnant lieu à de nombreuses fermetures d’établissements congréganistes, de procès et perquisitions. Pourtant, à l’échelle de la ville et plus encore de l’arrondissement, les congrégations soignantes bénéficient de la bienveillance des municipalités et du Préfet de la Seine. Inscrites dans le tissu urbain du quotidien, leur utilité sociale – dévouement féminin et soignant conforme à leur genre – ainsi que leur absence de troubles à l’ordre public et de rôle politique, sont des arguments souvent mobilisés pour justifier leur autorisation. Sans échapper à l’anticléricalisme de certains maires ni à la laïcisation de la plupart des maisons de secours de l’Assistance – qui dans certains endroits se déroule sans heurts, les réseaux laïcs et ecclésiastiques permettant le transfert des sœurs et de leurs œuvres dans des établissements paroissiaux – les congrégations soignantes traversent la politique anticléricale de la République et affirment leur ancrage dans la ville jusqu’en 1914.
Légalisation de l’homosexualité en Inde, illustration de l’activisme de la Cour Suprême indienne
Authors: Rousse Hana
Published: October 2018

Le 6 septembre 2018, la Cour Suprême indienne a décriminalisé l’homosexualité en Inde. Alors que le Code Pénal indien incriminait les relations homosexuelles consenties, des militants LGBT ont déposé plainte auprès de la Cour Suprême pour violation de leurs droits fondamentaux. La Cour a fait primer la moralité constitutionnelle et les droits fondamentaux des demandeurs sur la moralité sociale, invoquée en défense par l’Etat indien.
With whom are you Dealing? Using Social Network Analysis as a Tool to Strengthen Service Delivery Structures for Low Socioeconomic Status Populations
Authors: Prevo Lotte , Mercken Liesbeth , Jansen Maria , Kremers Stef
Published: October 2018

Background

Health disparities between populations with different socioeconomic status (SES) are increasing. Although a wide variety of support service organizations and arrangements are in place, no general overview of this social network, its reach, and harmonization of services surrounding low-SES populations are available. The present participatory health research study examined the current network structure and the utility of using social network analysis (SNA) as a tool to improve service delivery structures.

Design and methods

We applied a mixed-methods study design. An online-questionnaire was used to examine the relationships among organizations assumed to support low-SES individuals in the municipality of Vaals, the Netherlands. In addition, semi-structured interviews and a networking session were used to examine the current network structure and to explore opportunities for improvement.

Results

The SNA revealed a weak network structure, and all interviewed professionals mentioned that the current structure should be improved. Participants indicated that a first step would be to install a central information system.

Conclusions

SNA can be a useful tool to gain more in-depth insights into the relations within a service delivery network. The professionals were assisted in discovering new organizations that could help them reach low SES populations and in harmonizing and improving their service delivery.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Health Campaign Effectiveness
Authors: Rath Jessica M. , Greenberg Marisa , Ganz Ollie , Pitzer Lindsay , Hair Elizabeth C. , Xiao Haijun , Cantrell Jennifer , Vallone Donna
Published: October 2018

Campaign costs are rising, making ad execution testing more critical to determine effectiveness prior to media spending. Premarket testing occurs prior to messages’ airing while in-market testing examines message attributes when messages are aired within a real-world setting, where context plays an important role in determining audience response. These types of ad testing provide critical feedback to help develop and deploy campaigns. Due to recent changes in media delivery platforms and audience tobacco use behavior, this study analyzes two nationally representative youth samples, aged 15-21, to examine if pre-market ad testing is an indicator of in-market ad performance for public health campaigns, which rely on persuasive messages to promote or reduce health behaviors rather than selling a product. Using data from the Truth® campaign, a national tobacco use prevention campaign targeted to youth and young adults, findings indicate strong associations between pre-market scores and in-market ad performance metrics.
More on the cardinality of a topological space
Authors: Bonanzinga M. , Carlson N. , Cuzzupè M. V. , Stavrova D.
Published: October 2018

In this paper we continue to investigate the impact that various separation axioms and covering properties have onto the cardinality of topological spaces. Many authors have been working in that field. To mention a few, let us refer to results by Arhangel’skii, Alas, Hajnal-Juhász, Bell-Gisburg-Woods, Dissanayake-Willard, Schröder and to the excellent survey by Hodel “Arhangel’skii’s Solution to Alexandroff’s problem: A survey”.

Here we provide improvements and analogues of some of the results obtained by the above authors in the settings of more general separation axioms and cardinal invariants related to them. We also provide partial answer to Arhangel’skii’s question concerning whether the continuum is an upper bound for the cardinality of a Hausdorff Lindelöf space having countable pseudo-character (i.e., points are Gδ). Shelah in 1978 was the first to give a consistent negative answer to Arhangel’skii’s question; in 1993 Gorelic established an improved result; and further results were obtained by Tall in 1995.  The question of whether or not there is a consistent bound on the cardinality of Hausdorff Lindelöf spaces with countable pseudo-character is still open. In this paper we introduce the Hausdorff point separating weight Hpw(X), and prove that (1) |X| ≤ Hpsw(X)aLc(X)ψ(X), for Hausdorff spaces and (2) |X| ≤ Hpsw(X)ωLc(X)ψ(X), where X is a Hausdorff space with a π-base consisting of compact sets with non-empty interior. In 1993 Schröder proved an analogue of Hajnal and Juhasz inequality |X| ≤ 2c(X)χ(X) for Hausdorff spaces, for Urysohn spaces by considering weaker invariant - Urysohn cellularity Uc(X) instead of cellularity c(X). We introduce the n-Urysohn cellularity n-Uc(X) (where n≥2) and prove that the previous inequality is true in the class of n-Urysohn spaces replacing Uc(X) by the weaker n-Uc(X). We also show that |X| ≤ 2Uc(X)πχ(X) if X is a power homogeneous Urysohn space.
Effects of mixing state on optical and radiative properties of black carbon in the European Arctic
Authors: Zanatta Marco , Laj Paolo , Gysel Martin , Baltensperger Urs , Vratolis Stergios , Eleftheriadis Konstantinos , Kondo Yutaka , Dubuisson Philippe , Winiarek Victor , Kazadzis Stelios , Tunved Peter , Jacobi Hans-Werner
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Atmospheric aging promotes internal mixing of black carbon
(BC), leading to an enhancement of light absorption and radiative forcing.
The relationship between BC mixing state and consequent absorption
enhancement was never estimated for BC found in the
Arctic region. In the present work, we
aim to quantify the absorption enhancement and its impact on radiative
forcing as a function of microphysical properties and mixing state of BC
observed in situ at the Zeppelin Arctic station (78∘ N) in the
spring of 2012 during the CLIMSLIP (Climate impacts of short-lived pollutants
in the polar region) project. Single-particle soot photometer (SP2) measurements showed a mean mass
concentration of refractory black carbon (rBC) of 39 ng m−3, while the
rBC mass size distribution was of lognormal shape, peaking at an rBC mass-equivalent diameter (DrBC) of around 240 nm. On average, the
number fraction of particles containing a BC core with
DrBC>80 nm was less than 5 % in the size range (overall
optical particle diameter) from 150 to 500 nm. The BC cores were internally
mixed with other particulate matter. The median coating thickness of BC cores
with 220 nm < DrBC< 260 nm was 52 nm, resulting
in a core–shell diameter ratio of 1.4, assuming a coated sphere morphology.
Combining the aerosol absorption coefficient observed with an Aethalometer
and the rBC mass concentration from the SP2, a mass absorption cross section
(MAC) of 9.8 m2 g−1 was inferred at a wavelength of 550 nm.
Consistent with direct observation, a similar MAC value (8.4 m2 g−1
at 550 nm) was obtained indirectly by using Mie theory and assuming a
coated-sphere morphology with the BC mixing state constrained from the SP2
measurements. According to these calculations, the lensing effect is
estimated to cause a 54 % enhancement of the MAC compared to that of bare
BC particles with equal BC core size distribution. Finally, the ARTDECO
radiative transfer model was used to estimate the sensitivity of the
radiative balance to changes in light absorption by BC as a result of a varying
degree of internal mixing at constant total BC mass. The clear-sky noontime
aerosol radiative forcing over a surface with an assumed wavelength-dependent
albedo of 0.76–0.89 decreased, when ignoring the absorption enhancement, by
−0.12 W m−2 compared to the base case scenario, which was constrained
with mean observed aerosol properties for the Zeppelin site in Arctic spring.
The exact magnitude of this forcing difference scales with environmental
conditions such as the aerosol optical depth, solar zenith angle and surface
albedo. Nevertheless, our investigation suggests that the absorption
enhancement due to internal mixing of BC, which is a systematic effect,
should be considered for quantifying the aerosol radiative forcing in the
Arctic region.
Multi-mode retrievals for aerosol microphysical and optical properties
Authors: Fu Guangliang , Hasekamp Otto
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Polarimeter retrievals can provide detailed and accurate information on aerosol microphysical and optical properties. The SRON-Aerosol algorithm is one of the few retrieval approaches that can fully exploit this information. The algorithm core is a 2-mode retrieval where effective radius (reff), effective variance (veff), refractive index, number column are retrieved for each mode, the fraction of spheres for the coarse mode, and an aerosol layer height. Further, land and ocean properties are retrieved simultaneously with the aerosol properties. In this contribution, we extend the SRON-Aerosol algorithm by implementing a multi-mode approach where each mode has fixed reff and veff. In this way the algorithm gets more flexibility in describing the aerosol size distribution and avoids the high non-linear dependence of the forward model on the aerosol size parameters. On the other hand, the approach depends on the choice of the modes used in the multi-mode approach. We compare the performances of multi-mode retrievals (varying mode number from 2 to 10) with those based on the original (parametric) 2-mode approach. Experiments with both synthetic measurements and real measurements (PARASOL satellite level-1 data of intensity and polarization) are conducted. The synthetic data experiments show that multi-mode retrievals are good alternatives to the parametric 2-mode approach. It is found that for multi-mode approaches, with a small number of modes the retrieval results can be already good for most parameters. The real data experiments (validated with AERONET data) show that, for the Aerosol Optical Thickness (AOT), multi-mode approaches achieve higher accuracy than the parametric 2-mode approach. A tendency is found that the accuracy gets better as the mode number increases. For Single Scattering Albedo (SSA), both approaches have similar performances.
Autonomous seawater pCO2 and pH time series from 40 surface buoys
and the emergence of anthropogenic trends
Authors: Sutton Adrienne J. , Feely Richard A. , Maenner-Jones Stacy , Musielwicz Sylvia , Osborne John , Dietrich Colin , Monacci Natalie , Cross Jessica , Bott Randy , Kozyr Alex , Andersson Andreas J. , Bates Nicholas R. , Cai Wei-Jun , Cronin Meghan F. , Carlo Eric H. De , Hales Burke , Howden Stephan D. , Lee Charity M. , Manzello Derek P. , McPhaden Michael J. , Meléndez Melissa , Mickett John B. , Newton Jan A. , Noakes Scott E. , Noh Jae Hoon , Olafsdottir Solveig R. , Salisbury Joseph E. , Send Uwe , Trull Thomas W. , Vandemark Douglas C. , Weller Robert A.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Ship-based time series, some now approaching over three decades long, are critical climate records that have dramatically improved our ability to characterize natural and anthropogenic drivers of ocean carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake and biogeochemical processes. Advancements in autonomous marine carbon sensors and technologies over the last two decades have led to the expansion of observations at fixed time series sites, thereby improving the capability of characterizing sub-seasonal variability in the ocean. Here, we present a data product of 40 individual autonomous moored surface ocean pCO2 (partial pressure of CO2) time series established between 2004 and 2013, of which 17 also include autonomous pH measurements. These time series characterize a wide range of surface ocean carbonate conditions in different oceanic (17 sites), coastal (13 sites), and coral reef (10 sites) regimes. A time of trend emergence (ToE) methodology applied to the time series that exhibit well-constrained daily to interannual variability and an estimate of decadal variability indicates that the length of sustained observations necessary to detect statistically significant anthropogenic trends varies by marine environment. The ToE estimates for seawater pCO2 and pH range from 8 to 15 years at the open ocean sites, 16 to 41 years at the coastal sites, and 9 to 22 years at the coral reef sites. Only two open ocean pCO2 time series, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Hawaii Ocean Time-series Station (WHOTS) in the subtropical North Pacific and Stratus in the South Pacific gyre, have been deployed longer than the estimated time of trend emergence and, for these, deseasoned monthly means show estimated anthropogenic trends of 1.9 ± 0.3 µatm yr−1 and 1.6 ± 0.3 µatm yr−1, respectively. In the future, it is possible that updates to this product will allow for estimating anthropogenic trends at more sites; however, the product currently provides a valuable tool in an accessible format for evaluating climatology and natural variability of surface ocean carbonate chemistry in a variety of regions. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.7289/V5DB8043 and https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/ocads/oceans/Moorings/ndp097.html.
Comparison between upwind and downwind designs of a 10 MW
wind turbine rotor
Authors: Bortolotti Pietro , Kapila Abinhav , Bottasso Carlo L.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The size of wind turbines has been steadily growing in the pursuit of a lower cost of energy by an increased wind capture. In this trend, the vast majority of wind turbine rotors has been designed based on the conventional three-bladed upwind concept. This paper aims at assessing the optimality of this configuration with respect to a three-bladed downwind design, with and without an actively controlled variable coning used to reduce the cantilever loading of the blades. A 10 MW wind turbine is used for the comparison of the various design solutions, which are obtained by an automated comprehensive aerostructural design tool. Results show that, for this turbine size, downwind rotors lead to blade mass and cost reductions of 6 % and 2 %, respectively, compared to equivalent upwind configurations. Due to a more favorable rotor attitude, the annual energy production of downwind rotors may also slightly increase in complex terrain conditions characterized by a wind upflow, leading to an overall reduction in the cost of energy. However, in more standard operating conditions, upwind rotors return the lowest cost of energy. Finally, active coning is effective in alleviating loads by reducing both blade mass and cost, but these potential benefits are negated by an increased system complexity and reduced energy production. In summary, a conventional design appears difficult to beat even at these turbine sizes, although a downwind non-aligned configuration might result in an interesting alternative.
Emerging roles of health information professionals for library and information science curriculum development: a scoping review
Authors: Ma Jinxuan , Stahl Lynne , Knotts Erica
Published: October 2018

Objective:This scoping review identified the emerging and evolving roles of health information professionals (HIPs) in a range of tasks and settings, as they adapt to varied user needs, while keeping up with changing medical landscapes to provide evidence-based information support in grand rounds and scholarly research. The review aims to inform library school students about expected entry-level job qualifications and faculty about adaptable changes to specialized HIP curricula.Methods: The authors examined 268 peer-reviewed journal articles that concentrated on evolving HIP roles, professional settings, and contexts by retrieving results from several multidisciplinary databases.Results: HIPs, who generally serve as “embedded librarians,” are taking on more active roles as collaborators, research experts, and liaisons, replacing more passive and exclusive roles as information providers and outreach agents or research assistants. These evolving roles in the reviewed literature were broken into nine categories in approximate order of prominence.Conclusions: A new model linking these evolving roles to the Medical Library Association (MLA) fundamental professional competencies was developed to provide an operational examination and research-based evidence for adapting HIP continuing education curriculum learning outcomes, course content and delivery, and student career pathways for existing graduate HIP specialization courses in library programs. The model indicates each role’s connection to the MLA professional competencies, based on MLA’s detailed description of each competency. A better understanding of HIP demands and expectations will enhance the capacity of library programs to prepare students in HIP specializations. This article has been approved for the Medical Library Association’s Independent Reading Program.
How to earn a reputation as a great partner
Authors: Humphreys Betsy L.
Published: October 2018

Boundary spanning is a core activity for health sciences librarians. To be effective, librarians must bridge internal silos and reach across borders to partner with other disciplines, groups, and organizations. Common sense strategies and practical implementation steps can help librarians to earn a reputation as a trustworthy and effective partner.
Information and Innovation: A Natural Combination for Health Sciences Libraries
Authors: Earl Martha F.
Published: October 2018

As partners with innovators, librarians can offer resources and services for research, evidence, training, dissemination venues, and collaborative physical spaces with state-of-the-art equipment, including 3D printers, models, scanners, and video monitors. This book can be used by educators, instructional designers, and information technology professionals in academic health sciences and hospital settings, as well as by their library colleagues.
Hospital librarians as publishers: expanding our role
Authors: Samsundar Devica R. , Figueredo Carrie
Published: October 2018

Librarians at Baptist Health South Florida (BHSF) launched the first peer-reviewed journal from BHSF, Nursing & Health Sciences Research Journal (NHSRJ). This article discusses how it was developed, the role of the librarians, and future goals of the journal.This article was selected by the Virtual Projects Advisory Committee of technology experts after an annual call for projects in MLA-FOCUS and announcements to encourage submissions from all types of libraries.
Surveillance of Arteriovenous Accesses with the use of Duplex Doppler Ultrasonography
Authors: Malik Jan , Kudlicka Jaroslav , Novakova Ludmila , Adamec Josef , Malikova Hana , Kavan Jan
Published: October 2018

Stenosis is the most frequent vascular access complication and is responsible for access thrombosis and thus long-term patency limitation. Regular arteriovenous graft (AVG) examination by ultrasonography and preemptive balloon angioplasty prolong AVG cumulative patency according to some, but by far not all trials. This was why the routine use of ultrasound surveillance is not recommended recently.

In this review we show huge differences in the definition of stenosis significance among the trials and other probable factors, which may have caused the contradiction of the results. Without precise definition of stenosis significance, many AVGs have been undergoing unnecessary balloon interventions with high morbidity, high cost and low benefit.
ORDER TO USE APPROPRIATE OF THE PROVISIONS REGARDING MUNICIPAL COUNCILORS TO THE DISTRICT COUNCILORS CAPITAL CITY OF WARSAW
Authors: Gurdek Magdalena
Published: October 2018

The Act on the Constitution of the Capital City of Warsaw provides for differences in the organizational structure of Warsaw being a city with poviat rights. It orders that municipality, for example, to create auxiliary units in the form of districts. Legislator in art. 8 of the Act included a clause on the proper application to the councilors of the district of regulations regarding municipal councilors. This application, due to the differences between the current system of the commune and the district system, is a difficult procedure and requires in-depth analysis in each specific case. In this article, the Author draws attention to various possible ways of understanding the formula of appropriate application of the pro¬visions in this case, indicating the consequences of these discrepancies and the numerous circumstances that should be borne in mind when performing this procedure.
GEORGIAN ATTEMPTS TO BECOME INDEPENDENT. 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF DECLARATION OF DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF GEORGIA (1918)
Authors: Lityński Adam
Published: October 2018

After February Revolution of 1917 in Russia, the nations of the previous Russian Imperium began their efforts to get their independency, among them were three nations of Transcaucasia: Armenians (Armenia), Azeris (Azerbaijan), Georgians (Georgia). After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk of 3rd March 1918, Bolshevik Russia in reality handed over the territory of Transcaucasia to Germans and Turks. Especially Turkey became aggressive and expansive. Armenia together with Azerbaijan and then together with Georgia set up Trans-caucasian Federal Democratic Republic which collapsed soon.
There were significant discrepancies among the nations. Azerbaijan wanted to get union with Turkey, but Georgia preferred Germany and Armenia counted on “white” Russia (ge¬neral Denikin). Each of these three countries set up own independent republics, among other Democratic Republic of Georgia. Soon Germany and Turkey lost the First World War, but north Caucasus was attacked by troops of General Denikin supported by England and France. Later on, in 1920, Bolsheviks entered this territory. The Red Army of Bolsheviks conquered each of the independent republics one by one, set up own governments and in¬corporated the territories into Russian Socialistic Federal Soviet Republic [RSFSR]. On 16 March 1921, RSFSR signed friendship agreement with Turkey. As a result of this agreement, Russia and Turkey divided the territory of Transcaucasian between them.
PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE ON MARTIAL LAW: NOTE FROM THE MEETING OF THE CHAIRMAN OF THE COUNCIL OF STATE WITH THE PROSECUTORS OF THE GENERAL PROSECUTOR’S OFFICE ON FEBRUARY 15, 1982
Authors: Romanowska Elżbieta
Published: October 2018

Martial law was introduced in Poland on December 13th, 1981. It started the pe¬riod of massive repressions against the public, going on with varying intensity until the end of the People’s Republic of Poland. Immediately after the imposition, the regulations of martial law were implemented in the units of the PRL Prosecutor’s Office. The formation of proper cri¬minal repression by prosecutors in particular categories of crime, especially in cases conducted ad hoc was of particular importance for the authorities. It was demanded that prosecutors influence court rulings, mainly through active participation in court hearings. Specific basic penalties and additional penalties were expected to be imposed, as well as legal remedies for wrongful decisions from the point of view of power. During the martial law period, a great deal of emphasis was placed on improving the work inside the PRL Prosecutor’s Office, improving the efficiency of its operation, principality, loyalty and availability to the party.
THE BASIS OF A LEGAL SYSTEM IN THE GERMAN COLONIES
Authors: Kuźnik Grzegorz
Published: October 2018

The aim of this article is to present the basis of the legal order in force in the Ger¬man Empire colonial areas. The first two parts of the article outline the international conditions for the development of German colonies, and the legal basis of their establishment. The third part discusses the legal status they had in the German legal order. Here the author thoroughly analyses the legal solutions employed for the states of emergency. The fourth part presents the legal issues concerning the loss of colonies. The article includes the analysis of the provisions of the German Empire Constitution of 1871, which were applied when the colonial areas were formed. The paper also discusses other legal acts. Furthermore, the emperor’s orders for declaring the states of emergency were part of the detailed analysis. The paper also explored the attainment of German doctrine, which studied the particular legal issues in depth.