bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Base-free Copper-Catalysed Azide–Alkyne Click Cycloadditions (CuAAc) in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green and Catalytic Reaction Media
Authors: Giofrè Salvatore V. , Tiecco Matteo , Ferlazzo Angelo , Romeo Roberto , Ciancaleoni Gianluca , Germani Raimondo , Iannazzo Daniela
Published: December 2020

The click cycloaddition reaction of azides and alkynes affording 1,2,3-triazoles is a transformation widely used to obtain relevant products in chemical biology, medicinal chemistry, materials science and other fields. In this work, a set of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents (NADESs) as “active” reaction media has been investigated in the copper-catalysed azide–alkyne cycloaddition reactions (CuAAc). The use of these green liquids as green and catalytic solvents has shown to improve the reaction effectiveness, giving excellent yields. The NADESs proved to be “active” in this transformation for the absence of added bases in all the performed reactions and in several cases for their reducing capabilities. The results were rationalized by DFT calculations which demonstrated the involvement of H-bonds between DESs and alkynes as well as a stabilization of copper catalytic intermediates. The green experimental conditions, namely the absence of a base, the low temperatures, the loweringof reagents and the possibility of recycling of these green solvents, outline the great potential of NADESs for CuAAc and in general, for green organic synthesis.
The choice of effective treatment for infectious and inflammatory diseases of the pharynx
Authors:   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Morozova Svetlana V. , Shchennikova Ekaterina S. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

Sore throat is one of the most common patients' complaints at outpatient appointments in otorhinolaryngologists, general practitioners', and pediatrics' practice. Pain in tonsillopharyngitis is due to local factors, so local treatment plays an overwhelming role either for anti-inflammatory or painkilling effects. Nevertheless systemic antibacterial treatment is widespread during this pathology. But since this condition is usually caused by the viral infection, systemic antibiotic therapy should be prescribed strictly according to indications. Thereby, symptomatic treatment is the first line treatment that should be used in the patients with sore throat. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are considered to be the most effective in that condition. According to the results of the number of studies, OKI is shown to be safe and effective against the symptoms of sore throat.
Change in anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies (COVID-19) among the population of the Russian Federation regions and in convalescents in dynamics
Authors:   Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital №1, Moscow, Russia, Smetanina Svetlana V. , Isaev Andrej N. ,   DNKOM, Moscow, Russia, Isaeva Yuliya O. ,   DNKOM, Moscow, Russia, Nurmukhametova Elena A. ,   Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital №1, Moscow, Russia, Blokhina Natalya P. ,   Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital №1, Moscow, Russia, Nikolaev Nikolaj A. ,   Omsk State Medical University, Omsk, Russia, Ershov Anton V. ,   Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia, Ershov Ershov ,   Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2020

Materials and methods. The article presents the results of laboratory tests for the presence of IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in 2112 patients living in 5 regions of the Russian Federation. In the main group of the study, 50 people were under dynamic observation for 6 months. Depending on the severity, the main group was divided into two subgroups: group I1 (n=25), represented by patients with moderate coronavirus infection, and group I2 (n=25), consisting of patients with a severe course of coronavirus infection. Blood sampling was carried out on the 14th day of illness (from the moment the first symptoms appeared) in the conditions of the procedure room of the Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital №1, subsequent blood sampling (44 and 74 days, 3–6 months). Results. During a three-month observation of patients in the main group, there were no significant changes in the content of IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, and all fluctuations were characterized only by a trend. By the 4th month of observation, the decrease in antibody titer relative to the maximum level (as a rule, 14–44 days) was 43.3% in subgroup I1, and 37.6% in subgroup I2. By the 5th month, the level of IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in sub-group I1 was 40.9% relative to the maximum value (on day 44), and in subgroup I2 – 35.0% relative to the maximum value (on day 14). After 6 months from the start of observation, the content of IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus in both groups did not differ significantly from the control (p>0,05). Conclusion. We found that there were no significant changes in the level of IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus from the 14th day of illness to the 3rd month of observation from the moment of the first symptoms of the disease. Starting from the 4th month of observation, the level of antibodies decreased in both groups by multiples in relation to the maximum values, decreasing by the 6th month of observation to the values of the control group.
COVID-19 and Dentistry — Are we Ready
Authors: Nandini Prakash Hake  , Kumar Gaurav Chhabra  , Akib Sheikh  , Sayali Limsay  , Simran Nathani  , Gargi Nimbulkar  , Amit Reche
Published: December 2020

The pandemic of coronavirus infection 2019 (COVID-19) started from Wuhan, China, in December a year ago and has become a significant test to general wellbeing China as well as nations around the globe. Affecting the population of 4,735,622 in the world and leads to the death of 316,289 till 19th May 2020, according to reports of WHO. The COVID-19 spread rapidly by a human to human contact through small droplets from mouth and nose. Other possible routes of transmission for COVID-19, include airborne spread via aerosols produces during dental procedures. The dentists are at higher risk of getting infected by coronavirus disease with many routine dental procedures having the possibility to transmit the virus through aerosols. During the time of COVID-19 pandemic disease, the health care workers should be provided with protective apparatus including face shields, goggles, mask, gloves, gown or coverall, headcover and rubber boots. American Dental Association has maintained a consistency neutral stance since the pandemic was recognized. They appealed dental health care workers to put off elective dental procedures for dental patients and to provide only urgent dental care. Essential phone screening to distinguish suspected patients or likely COVID-19 contaminated can be correctly done during routine dental arrangements. This review highlights on the structure of coronavirus, its modes of communication, how dental health care workers are at higher risk, urgent dental procedures that should only begin during the crisis and basis preventive measures taken by dental health care workers.
Coated stainless steel archwires' discoloration measured by computerized system (An in-vitro study)
Authors: Mahmood Abeer  B
Published: December 2020

Background: Aesthetic archwires are used to overcome the aesthetic problems of stainless steel wires but the color of the coating layer can be changed with time when exposed to oral environments. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of color change of different aesthetic archwires from different companies under different coloring solutions. Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty samples of coated archwires from three companies (Highland, G&H and Dany) were immersed in 5 solutions (artificial saliva, turmeric, tea, coffee and Miranda) to evaluate the degree of color changes after 7, 14 and 21 days using visible spectrophotometer. Data were collected and analyzed using one way ANOVA and post hoc Tukeyâ€™s tests. Results: Turmeric solution caused high color change than other solutions. Aesthetic archwires from Highland company showed the highest degree of color change than archwires from other companies. Conclusions: Turmeric solution produced more discoloration than other solutions and the effects of these solutions are related to different chemical compositions of those solutions.
Effect of ageing media on shear bond strength of metal orthodontic brackets bonded with different adhesive systems (A comparative in-vitro study)
Authors: Hatf Ahmed  D , AL-Khatieeb Mustafa M
Published: December 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength (SBS) and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of different orthodontic adhesive systems after exposure to aging media (water storage and acid challenge). Materials and methods: Eighty human upper premolar teeth were extracted for orthodontic purposes and randomly divided into two groups (40 teeth each): the first group in which the bonded teeth were stored in distilled water for 30 days at 37Â°C, and the second group in which the bonded teeth were subjected to acid challenge. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups (10 teeth each) according to the type of adhesive system that would be bonded to metal brackets: either non-fluoride releasing adhesive (NFRA), fluoride releasing adhesive (FRA), Fluoride releasing bond with self-etching primer (FRBSP), or powder and liquid orthodontic fluoride releasing adhesive (PLFRA). After 30 days of water storage and acid challenge ageing procedures, the SBS was determined using Instron testing machine with a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. The ARI was assessed using a stereomicroscope with 10 X magnification. Result: The SBS testing revealed significant differences (p< 0.05) among the four tested adhesive systems in water storage and acid challenge groups using ANOVA F-test. In both groups, the NFRA subgroup exhibited the highest mean SBS value, followed by FRASP, then FRA subgroups, while the PLFRA subgroup had the lowest value of mean SBS. The independent t-test showed non-significant differences in mean SBS values between water storage and acid challenge groups. In respect to the ARI analysis, the Chi-square test showed significant differences among the tested adhesive systems. Conclusion: The shear bond strength of the fluoride releasing adhesive system was less than that of the non-fluoride releasing adhesive system, but still above the clinically acceptable range.
Flora of Singapore precursors, 20: Notes on the genus Piper (Piperaceae) from Singapore
Authors: Gajurel P.R. , Lua H.K.
Published: December 2020

Nomenclatural notes on six species of Piper occurring in Singapore are provided. Nine names are typified. Additional relevant information on the species is also included.
Studying Semigroups Using the Properties of Their Prime m-Ideals
Authors:   Government Postgraduate College, Munir M. , Kausar N. ,   Agriculture University, Davvaz B. ,   Yazd University, Gulistan M. ,   Hazara University, Gulzar M. ,   Government College University Faisalabad
Published: December 2020

In this article, we present the idea of m-ideals, prime m-ideals and their associated types for a positive integer m in a semigroup. We present different chrarcterizations of semigroups through m-ideals. We demonstrate that the ordinary ideals, and their relevent types differ from the m-ideals and their assocated types by presenting concrete examples on the maximal, irreducible and strongly irreducible m-ideals. We conclude from the study that the introduction of the m-ideal will explore new fields of studies in semigroups and their applications.
重视两极分化，整体提高小学数学教学效果
Authors: 鲍 晓燕
Published: December 2020

数学是小学教育体系中的一门基础性课程，对学生逻辑思维形成和学科综合素养培养具有十分重要的作用。然而，联系实际，发现小学数学教学两极分化现象较为严重，需要教师对学生数学学习两极分化现象及导致原因进行细致分析，并采取极具针对性措施进行改善，使小学数学教学效果得到提升。基于此，论文对重视两极分化，提高小学数学教学效果展开分析和探讨。
新疆农业大学“三进两联一交友”活动的师生认知度调查及实施情况分析
Authors: 牛 秋雨 , 吾勒帕 吾拉孜别克 , 布勒布勒 吐勒恒 , 依达尔别克 马丁 , 达里亚 扎克依坎 , 韩 芳
Published: December 2020

“三进两联一交友”活动是贯彻落实中国新疆高校立德树人、探索培育和践行社会主义核心价值观路径的活动载体，是新疆各高校共同开展的重要课题。2016年10月25日根据陈全国书记重要讲话指示，新疆农业大学围绕立德树人的根本任务，广泛开展“三进两联一交友”活动。论文以新疆农业大学“三进两联一交友”活动为例，采用文献研究法、问卷调查法、统计分析法，从师生对于“三进两联一交友”活动的认知以及新疆农业大学“三进两联一交友”活动的实施现状出发，根据调查数据分析归纳出新疆农业大学“三进两联一交友”活动取得的成效以及存在的问题，并对于存在的问题提出相关对策建议。
中职声乐教育方法浅谈
Authors: 宋 晓丹
Published: December 2020

随着中国经济的快速发展，国家越来越重视中职声乐教育教学方法。为了进一步提升中职声乐教学质量，需要根据实际情况扩招音乐专业的人员，改进声乐教学模式，结合当前的社会声乐教学要求了解中职院校声乐教学中存在的问题。因此，论文主要针对中职声乐教育方法进行简要分析，并提出合理化建议。
关于以人为本的高校学生思想教育的思考
Authors: 李 海青
Published: December 2020

中国高校以人为本的思想教育工作需要结合高校自身教育的特点与高校教育的发展规律相协调，要充分考虑高校大学生的特点。在新时期与新形势下，高校以人为本思想教育工作仍然存在一些问题，需要加以重视并积极应对。通过建立健全实践教学的保障机制、做好实践教学的师资队伍的建设、构建一个稳定的实践教学基础等一系列措施，更好地实现中国高校以人为本的思想教育工作的发展。
Trends of Robot Application——Ethical Response
Authors: Li Lunfei
Published: December 2020

With the rapid development of science and technology and the arrival of the information age, computer technology has also gained rapid development, and has a very wide application prospect in the current social environment. But at the same time, robots may also induce a variety of ethical problems, the existence of these ethical problems also affect the sustainable development of robots. This paper mainly aims at the change of robot application trend and related ethical issues, hoping to provide some reference for robot application and development.
Engaging, Standing, and Stepping
Authors: Cepek Michael
Published: December 2020

Anthropologists and activists portray the lives and lands of Ecuador’s Indigenous Cofán people as a case study of the damage caused by petroleum extraction. Yet during my fieldwork on the issue, I began to question the nature of the Cofán-oil encounter when the community in which I worked decided to allow oil companies onto their land. In this article, I examine my own involvements with Cofán oil politics in dialogue with Stuart Kirsch’s concept of ‘engaged anthropology’ and Kim TallBear’s call for researchers to ‘stand with’ their research subjects. I argue that anthropological activism is necessarily a complex and shifting affair, especially when our collaborators’ perspectives diverge from our own regarding the best possible paths to their wellbeing. I suggest that the most ethical option is for anthropologists to commit themselves to continuous, co-con-structed partnerships in which they are perpetually prepared to transform their most basic political and intellectual positions.
Trial by Fire
Authors: Douglas-Jones Rachel , Mathur Nayanika , Trundle Catherine , Vaeau Tarapuhi
Published: December 2020

In this Introduction, we take two persistent tropes of fieldwork, the ‘trial by fire’ and the ‘heroic fieldworker’ to task. Our analysis traces out what we call everyday decentering of these tropes, which we argue is necessary for fieldwork to be taught and engaged with beyond romanticised twentieth century masculinist heroics. We argue that anthro-pology and related field research based disciplines might be better served by adopting a more ethnographic approach towards the lived reality of fieldwork. Through our review, we situate the contribution that the six pieces in this volume make to pedagogies of the field. Readers are invited to continue this conversation about fieldwork futures in anthropology’s second century.
CAUSES OF CORROSION OF METALS AND SEVERAL WAYS TO PREVENT CORROSION OF METALS
Authors:   Tashkent Institute of Railway Engineers of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Nazirov Nozimjon , Akhmedova Nilufar , Ergasheva Hikoyat
Published: December 2020

Causes of corrosion of liquid steel-bearing steel products under the influence of external and internal environment in industrial and public areas today. Methods of prevention of corrosion of corrosive metals by today's technologies. Various methods have been used to address the main problems of the industrial use of gold, steel and silver metals, the causes of corrosion of metals
SYNTHESIS OF A NEW DERIVATIVE OF DIPHENYLCARBAZIDEBASEDON N1', N1'-DIDEOXYMETHYLCHLORAZONE ESTER AND ITS STUDY AS AN ENVIRONMENTALLY EFFECTIVE INHIBITOR
Authors:   Baku State University Of Azerbaijan, Hajiyeva S.R. , Shamilov N.T. , Bayramov G.I. , Huseynov F.E. , Rustamova U.N. , Aliyeva T.I.
Published: December 2020

Based on N1 ', N1'-dideoxymethylchlororazone ether, we have synthesized for the first time a new, previously unknown in the literature derivative of diphenylcarbazide: N1-(N1', N1'- didesoxymethyl) azone –N2–(N1 ', N1'dideoxy-methyl) azone –N4 -(N1 ', N1'-dideoxymethyl) azone-N5-(N1', N1'-dideoxymethyl) -azondiphenylcarbazide (compound B-2). During research, it was found that the inhibitory efficacy of compound B-2 even at its low concentrations of 0.25; 0.5; 1.0 mg / L is 99.92-100% and it is an environmentally efficient corrosion inhibitor.
GENETIC FACTORS FOR DIABETIC POLYNEUROPATHY IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE I –DIABETES
Authors:   Bukhara State Medical Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Xodjiyeva Dilbar , Axrorova Shaxlo , Xaydarova Dildora
Published: December 2020

The results of the study justify the need to conduct ENMG, quantitative sensory and autonomous testing when examining patients with type I-diabetes in the early stages of the disease,whichisimportantforprescribingtimelytreatmentatthesubclinicalstage.Itwasfound that the study of the lipid spectrum, as well as the identification of late complications of diabetes (retinopathy) can be used in clinical practice to determine the presence of risk factors for the development of DPN severity. The results of the study allow us to develop recommendations for identifying patients with a sub clinical stage of neuropathy
CLINICAL FEATURES OF NEUROTIC DISORDERS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors:   Samarkand State Medical Institute of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Toirov Erkin , Abdullaeva Nargiza , Akhmedov Ibrat
Published: December 2020

When examining 168 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (113 women, 55 men), neurotic disorders were found in 72.6% of patients: 22.6% -mild, 35.1% –moderate, and 14.9%-severe. At low RA activity, neurotic disorders were diagnosed in 56.8% of patients, and at medium and high levels-in 73.9 and 84.3% of patients. The most common types of disorders were asthenic and vegetative disorders, the frequency of which was 60.7 and 63.1%. 24.4% of patients were diagnosed with emotional disorders, 12.5% with hypochondriacal disorders, 9.5% with hysterical disorders, and 4.8% with obsessive -compulsive disorders
CONSERVATIVE TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH SPINAL STENOSIS OF CERVICAL LOCALIZATION
Authors:   Urgench branch of the Tashkent Medical Academy of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Adambaev Zufar , Kilichev Ibodulla , Kilichev Xurshid , Xodjanova Tuygunoy ,   Neurological clinic "Global Med System" of the Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: December 2020

110 patients with spinal stenosis of the cervical spine were examined. The clinical picturediffers with polymorphism of combinations of reflex, radicular and spinal syndromes, reflecting multiple and multilevel involvement of various structures of the spinal canal -roots, vessels,vegetative fibers and spinal cord. Our conservative treatment of spinal stenosis has a positive clinical effect, which makes it possible to recommend it to a wider application in outpatient and inpatient practice
Avaliação da influência da precipitação pluviométrica na qualidade do tratamento de esgoto tipo filtro biológico e decantação secundária
Authors: Oliveira Diogo Botelho Correa de , Silva André Edson Lima de Andrade , Holanda Marco Aurélio Calixto Ribeiro de , Soares Willames de Albuquerque
Published: December 2020

No sistema separador absoluto as águas pluviais e o efluente doméstico são transportados por canalizações distintas. Quando existem interferências entre esses dois sistemas impactos diretos encaminhados ao processo de tratamento de esgoto. Na estação de tratamento de Peixinhos, umas das principais da Região Metropolitana do Recife, PE, avaliou-se separadamente dias considerados secos e dias chuvosos, analisando parâmetros próprios para estes tipos de estudo: vazão de entrada, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio, Demanda Química de Oxigênio, concentração de Óleos e graxas e a eficiência de tratamento. O aumento médio entre as vazões foi de 75 L.s-1, cerca de 19% da vazão de projeto. A DBO, DQO, OG tiveram sias concentrações reduzidas devido ao aumento de fluxo e a eficiência do tratamento foi reduzida em aproximadamente 5%, com diferenças significativas entre as duas populações, segundo teste estatístico de intervalo de confiança.  Evaluation of the influence of rainfall on the quality of biological sewage treatment and secondary decantation A B S T R A C TIn the absolute separator system, rainwater and domestic effluent are transported through different pipes. When there are interferences between these two systems, direct impacts are sent to the sewage treatment process. At the Peixinhos treatment plant, one of the main ones in the Metropolitan Region of Recife, PE, days considered dry and rainy days were evaluated separately, analyzing specific parameters for these types of studies: inlet flow, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Chemical Demand of Oxygen, concentration of oils and greases and treatment efficiency. The average increase between flows was 75 L.s-1, about 19% of the project flow. BOD, COD, OG had serious concentrations reduced due to increased flow and treatment efficiency was reduced by approximately 5%, with significant differences between the two populations, according to the statistical confidence interval test.Keywords: efficiency of sewage treatment plant, urban drainage, BOD, COD.
Achatina fulica na zona rural de Maringá, Paraná: relações ambientais
Authors: Eduvirgem Renan Valério , Ferreira Maria Eugênia Moreira Costa
Published: December 2020

O objetivo da pesquisa é avaliar a distribuição espacial do molusco Achatina fulica, espécie exótica, na zona rural do município. Para caracterizar e explicar a ocorrência positiva da espécie foram avaliados os seguintes elementos: localização em coordenada, temperatura, umidade, insolação, altitude e avaliação da arborização/cobertura vegetal. Em campo, foram detectados 40 propriedades rurais que possuem a espécie exótica, dispersa nas proximidades das residências, barracões, e não em meio às culturas temporárias. As entrevistas indicaram que a maior parte dos entrevistados aplicam os procedimentos de contato manual de forma adequada, cujo propósito é evitar a contaminação pelo helminto Angiostrongylus sp. Entretanto, o risco não está isento, pois há pessoas que têm contato com a espécie sem proteção nas mãos e, em mais de 50% das residências há roedores (ratos), que são hospedeiros definitivos do verme. Achatina fulica in rural zone of Maringá, Paraná: environmental relations A B S T R A C TThe objectives of this research are: 1) map the current spatial distribution of the mollusc Achatina fulica in the rural zone and its interaction with the environmental conditions in which they are found in the rural area of the municipality of Maringá, Paraná; 2) evaluate the potential risks to human health through the questionnaires used during the interviews; 3) assess whether the population is vulnerable to contamination by the giant African snail. The methodological procedures were established in the following steps: determining the sample size; distribution of points using the grid to not influence the choice of locations to be interviewed; authorization from the ethics board; field interviews; collections of variables in the field to relate to the snail; organize and tabulate the results; generate cartographic products; promote statistical analysis. 40 rural properties were detected that have the exotic species, dispersed in the vicinity of the residences, sheds, and not among the temporary cultures. The interviews indicated that most of the interviewees apply the procedures of manual contact in an appropriate way, whose purpose is to avoid contamination by the helminth Angiostrongylus sp. The risk is not exempt, as there are people with contact with the species without protection in their hands and, in more than 50% of the residences there are rodents (rats) - according to information raised with the residents. The snail was found at intermediate altitudes with declines of up to 12%. It was concluded that the rural area has favorable environmental conditions for the survival and reproduction of Achatina fulica, however, snails are found in specific places, thus increasing the chances of success in controlling the species.Keywords: Biogeography, environmental analysis, geographic distribution, exotic Species.
Aproximación a una síntesis sobre el crecimiento y la sustentabilidad de los ecosistemas urbanos
Authors:   Secretaría Distrital de Planeación de Bogotá, Gaitán Victoria Camilo Enrique
Published: December 2020

En este capítulo se plantean algunas consideraciones sobre el crecimiento y la sustentabilidad de los ecosistemas urbanos para contribuir un poco en la comprensión de sus relaciones «implicadas» más importantes. Se construye una propuesta de síntesis aproximada, que desde el pensamiento complejo ayudaría a unificar la confusa variedad de criterios en el problemático juego del ordenamiento espacial, urbano y territorial de las sociedades urbanas globalizadas; para ello se relacionan algunos aspectos epistemológicos y metodológicos sobre la dialéctica, la sistémica y la hermenéutica, en función de ciertos aspectos teóricos relativos al crecimiento y a la sustentabilidad urbana. Se obtiene como resultado un esquema compuesto que conjuga de manera tácita la interdependencia cíclica y holística entre las aparentemente indeterminadas e infinitesimales singularidades específicas sucedidas en el devenir cotidiano y sus presuntos determinantes y patrones generales, inmanentes, sustantivos y trascendentes que se concretan de manera histórica y evolutiva, conduciendo ello nuevamente hacia una lectura íntegra, que virtual e históricamente se ha procurado desde diferentes momentos y saberes, en espera quizás de florecer aún, porque todavía resulta pertinente, en medio de la necesidad de respuestas y soluciones profundas frente a las dificultades que tienen las ciudades para sustentarse naturalmente en un planeta cada vez más alterado por sus dinámicas. Aunque no por ello se concluye ni se agota la discusión, pues se trata es de sugerir su puesta en la escena de la reflexión y del conocimiento urbanístico.
Performance of Retaining Walls with Compressible Inclusions under Seismic Loading
Authors: Dram Abdelkader , Benmebarek Sadok , Balunaini Umashankar
Published: December 2020

This paper investigates the possible application of recycled tyre shreds as compressible inclusion behind retaining walls under dynamic loading. It is a novel method to reduce the magnitude of earthquake-induced dynamic forces against rigid earth retaining wall structures. A numerical model to analyze the behavior of retaining walls with compressible cushion was developed in PLAXIS 2D, a two-dimensional finite element analysis based software, and the results were validated by comparison with experimental findings from physical models. The study evaluates the effects of thickness of compressible cushion and the friction angle of the backfill on the seismic performance of retaining walls. To assess the effect of frequency on wall performance with and without cushion, the wall was subjected to 15 cycles of sinusoidal excitation with acceleration amplitudes of 0.1g to 0.3g at a frequency of 7 Hz. The results from the numerical analysis indicate that the permanent displacements of the wall were reduced in the range of 38% to 52% and the horizontal earth pressures were reduced by about 55% to 76% due to the presence of tyre shreds as a compressible cushion between the wall and backfill. Results showed that the dynamic load against the retaining wall can be considerably reduced through the proposed technique. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2020-03091631 Full Text: PDF
Application of the method of mathematical modeling for forecasting channel deformations at the underwater crossing of the main pipeline
Authors:   Pipeline Transport Institute, LLC, Gruzdev Valery А. , Mosolov Georgy V. ,   Pipeline Transport Institute, LLC, Sabayda Ekaterina A. ,   Pipeline Transport Institute, LLC
Published: December 2020

In order to determine the possibility of using the method of mathematical modeling for making long-term forecasts of channel deformations of trunk line underwater crossing (TLUC) through water obstacles, a methodology for performing and analyzing the results of mathematical modeling of channel deformations in the TLUC zone across the Kuban River is considered. Within the framework of the work, the following tasks were solved: 1) the format and composition of the initial data necessary for mathematical modeling were determined; 2) the procedure for assigning the boundaries of the computational domain of the model was considered, the computational domain was broken down into the computational grid, the zoning of the computational domain was performed by the value of the roughness coefficient; 3) the analysis of the results of modeling the water flow was carried out without taking the bottom deformations into account, as well as modeling the bottom deformations, the specifics of the verification and calibration calculations were determined to build a reliable mathematical model; 4) considered the possibility of using the method of mathematical modeling to check the stability of the bottom in the area of TLUC in the presence of man-made dumping or protective structure. It has been established that modeling the flow hydraulics and structure of currents, making short-term forecasts of local high-altitude reshaping of the bottom, determining the tendencies of erosion and accumulation of sediments upstream and downstream of protective structures are applicable for predicting channel deformations in the zone of the TLUC. In all these cases, it is mandatory to have materials from engineering-hydro-meteorological and engineering-geological surveys in an amount sufficient to compile a reliable mathematical model.
Study of the causes for wax deposition under the operating conditions of main oil pipelines
Authors:   Pipeline Transport Institute, LLC, Sunagatullin Rustam Z. , Karimov Rinat M. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Tashbulatov Radmir R. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Mastobaev Boris N. ,   Ufa State Petroleum Technological University
Published: December 2020

The results of investigations of the main causes and the most significant factors of intensification of paraffin deposition in main oil pipelines are presented. A comprehensive analysis of the composition and properties of commercial oils and their sediments was carried out, according to which phase diagrams of equilibrium of oil dispersed systems were obtained using the example of commercial oils from Bashkir fields. Based on the phase diagrams, a curve of wax oil saturation was constructed, the analysis of which confirms that the existing thermobaric conditions during the operation of main oil pipelines do not allow transporting oil without the risk of waxing. It was noted a special influence of the value of the temperature gradient in the near-wall zone and the imbalance of the ratio of high-molecular oil components in commercial batches formed in the process of joint pumping on the intensity of waxing of sections of oil pipelines complicated by deposits, which was confirmed by statistical data on the frequency of pigging. The regularities obtained in this way are proposed to be used as an express method for predicting complications associated with intensive waxing of main oil pipelines. In order to quickly assess the risks of waxing of sections of main oil pipelines, an indicator is introduced that characterizes the ratio of the content of solid paraffins to the total content of resins and asphaltenes of oil, called the criterion of instability of a commercial oil batch.
R&D economic efficiency valuation methods and specifics of their application
Authors:   Transneft, Serikov Pavel Y. , Sivolotsky Konstantin A. ,   Transneft, Balakirev Аndrey А. ,   Transneft
Published: December 2020

Valuation of research and development projects (R&D) is crucial for technological development, financial and operational performance improvement of companies. However, R&D valuation methods are not fully and in detail disclosed in publications, a single concept for assessing the effectiveness of R&D has not yet been developed. The cause of this scientific and practical problem is that scientific developments are carried out in conditions of increased risk and uncertainty, often aimed at solving strategic, long-term tasks, which does not allow at the initial stage to reliably evaluate their final effect of innovations. The object of research in the article are methods for assessing the economic efficiency of R&D. The aim of the article is to formulate an approach to R&D valuation method selection based on applicability criteria developed by the authors. In the course of the study, a review of existing methods for assessing effectiveness was conducted, their advantages and disadvantages were identified, and the feasibility of using a specific assessment method based on the specifics of scientific development was analyzed. There were considered R&D economic efficiency valuation models (discounted cash flows, Monte-Carlo simulations, real option valuation, decision tree analysis, relief from royalty method) as well as methods for determining discount rates used in these methods. When applying various valuation methods, the discount rate may vary due to differences in risk accounting approaches. There were also considered examples of alternative methods for R&D efficiency valuation such as grading system and integral efficiency index. The theoretical result is a review of R&D valuation methods and generalization of the information. The practical result of the work is the description of approach for selection of optimal R&D economic efficiency valuation method and possible implementation of the described approach in practice.
Determinación de las Características Físico-Químicas de una Zeolita Natural
Authors: Pérez-González Nelly Karina , Legorreta-García Felipe , Díaz-Guzmán Damián , Vargas-Ramírez Marissa , Flores-Zamora María Isabel , Reyes-Cruz Víctor Esteban
Published: December 2020

La Mordenita es una zeolita natural que gracias a sus propiedades es de las más comunes en diversas aplicaciones. Por lo que, es importante determinar su contenido mineralógico, morfología, composición química y propiedades de porosidad. En este trabajo se presenta una caracterización física y química de una zeolita natural tipo Mordenita empleando las técnicas de difracción de rayos X (XRD), microscopia electrónica de barrido (MEB – EDS) y análisis mediante la adsorción de . De acuerdo a los resultados por XRD se encuentran las fases cristalinas Cuarzo, Feldespato y Mordenita, siendo este último el de mayor abundancia entre ellas. Se muestra por medio de caracterización morfológica que los microcristales observados por MEB son acordes con la morfología típica de la Mordenita. La adsorción por  muestra una isoterma del tipo IIb con histéresis tipo H4, en lugar de la usual H3
Evaluación de la actividad antiepiléptica de extractos de menta en modelos inducidos con pentilentetrazol
Authors: López-Duran Esteban , Villeda-Gutiérrez Erika Adriana , Gómez y Gómez Yolanda de las Mercedes , Jiménez-Zúñiga Marcos Ignacio , Hurtado-Mariles Alejandro Jonathan
Published: December 2020

La epilepsia se define por dos o más convulsiones no provocadas, estas convulsiones son episodios breves de movimientos involuntarios que pueden afectar a una parte del cuerpo o su totalidad, se deben a descargas eléctricas excesivas de células cerebrales (neuronas) que pueden producirse en diferentes partes del cerebro. El presente proyecto evaluó la extracción de metabolitos secundarios de Mentha piperita y Mentha poleo como agentes protectores contra la epilepsia. Las plantas se sometieron en maceración con agua hasta obtener los extractos, se procedió a analizar por pruebas cualitativas y cuantitativas la presencia de metabolitos secundarios, los extractos se utilizaron para ensayos en modelos in vivo con inducción del pentilentetrazol (PTZ); se dividieron en 5 grupos de 5 ratones machos cada uno, se administró clonazepam 1mg/kg, carbamazepina 100 mg/kg, menta piperita 200 mg/kg, menta poleo 200 mg/kg y solución salina, después de 1h de administrar los tratamientos  se procedió a la inducción con PTZ para observar su comportamiento durante 30 min. Los extractos presentaron fenoles, flavonoides y taninos estos metabolitos son de interés farmacológico con efectos neuroprotectores
Notas sobre design, socialização e um conceito de projeto em Tomás Maldonado
Authors: Barbosa Carlos Alberto
Published: December 2020

Partindo do entendimento que a atividade projetual constrói e participa das relações entre indivíduo, sociedade, e os ambientes natural e artificial, este artigo retoma as preocupações acerca das questões da autonomia e heteronomia, e como a atividade projetual lida com essas questões. Para tanto, são observadas as diferentes perspectivas sobre a formação dos processos de socialização em Durkheim e Simmel, bem como as diferenças sobre o entendimento do conceito de projeto em um texto de Tomás Maldonado.
Design hacker e as customizações de interface gráfica
Authors: Braga Danilo
Published: December 2020

Compilado e revisita de descobertas da pesquisa de mesmo nome, este artigo se divide em três pilares: no primeiro, é realizado um exercício livremente inspirado na arqueologia de interface, com foco na customização na história da computação. Investigamos como as opções de customização se consolidam em sistemas operacionais desktop para Macintosh. O segundo pilar é dedicado à definição e exploração da figura do hacker, seu surgimento, atuação, grupos, ética e classes. Por fim, exploramos as técnicas do jailbreak, na qual hackers aplicam técnicas e ferramentas que buscam modificar a estrutura do sistema operacional iOS e as customizações de interface desbloqueadas por essa prática.
Precisamos Problematizar o Processo Criativo das Imagens e Saúde Mental no Design
Authors: Nani da Fonseca Annelise
Published: December 2020

Esta pesquisa analisa, por meio do trânsito entre design, arte e tecnologia, a importância da análise de imagem e de uma formação transdisciplinar para a compreensão da relevância das imagens no contexto do design contemporâneo e o seu impacto na saúde mental das pessoas. Como estudo de caso, serão analisadas campanhas de perfume, em virtude de serem veiculadas por mais tempo e por realizarem um trânsito transdisciplinar para posicionar-se com eficiência. A metodologia elegida para as análises de imagem é a Abordagem Triangular proposta por Ana Mae Barbosa (1998) e dos Estudos Culturais proposta por Brea (2005) e Efland (2003). Por fim, a pesquisa destaca a necessidade da análise de imagem, de uma formação transdisciplinar que assimile as contribuições de diversas áreas, como as pesquisas decoloniais, do movimento negro e feminista, para que as imagens sejam concebidas com mais responsabilidade e respeito, conscientes do seu impacto na formação de imaginários e na saúde mental das pessoas.
Fetus in fetu, presentación de dos casos: diagnóstico diferencial y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Lubinus Federico , Zuñiga-Hadechni Evelin , López-Martínez Luis Andrés , Rueda-Hernández César Andrés
Published: December 2020

Introducción. Fetus in fetu es una rara entidad congénita en la cual se presenta un gemelo monocigótico que en la mayoría de los casos está incorporado en el abdomen del hermano. La presentación más frecuente es una masa retroperitoneal. La diferenciación diagnóstica entre fetus in fetu y teratoma es discutida. El objetivo de este trabajo es describir el caso de dos pacientes con fetus in fetu, mediante una revisión reducida de la literatura en sus hipótesis etiológicas y métodos diagnósticos. Reporte de casos. Se presentan 2 casos, el primer caso es un lactante menor con distensión abdominal persistente, en quien se palpó masa abdominal. El segundo caso es un recién nacido con diagnóstico prenatal de masa abdominal. Ambos casos presentan imágenes radiológicas que evidencian masa abdominal compatible con fetus in fetu, razón por la cual posteriormente fueron intervenidos quirúrgicamente para resección de la masa. Discusión. Es importante tener presente esta patología como diagnóstico diferencial de masa abdominal en los pacientes infantes, ya que el poder diferenciarlo de un teratoma maduro nos indicaría que se trata de una alteración del desarrollo embriológico y no de una patología tumoral. Para esto, son necesarios métodos imagenológicos y en algunos casos pruebas cromosómicas o histopatológicas, con el fin de esclarecer el diagnóstico del fetus in fetu. Conclusión. El fetus in fetu es una patología rara con pocos casos diagnosticados prenatalmente, la cual se diagnostica principalmente en la infancia. Las imágenes radiológicas y en algunos casos las pruebas cromosómicas o histopatológicas, son de gran importancia para el diagnóstico definitivo.
Caso clínico de enfermería: Implementación del modelo del logro de las metas a sujeto con diagnóstico de Sarcoma de Ewing
Authors: Alvarado-Alvarado Andres Leonardo , Hernández-Mogollón Ruby Alexandra , Bustamante-Gil Camila Andrea , Rodríguez-Herrera Rosaida
Published: December 2020

Introducción. El sarcoma de Ewing se define como una neoplasia ósea de alta agresividad y su origen se atribuye a una patología de tipo endotelial vascular, caracterizándose como un tumor formado por células redondas indiferenciadas. Se ha descrito su presentación en lugares como el sistema nervioso central y paravertebral. Respectivamente afectando a niños y adolescentes. El objetivo de este trabajo es implementar el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería a sujeto de cuidado adolescente con diagnóstico médico de Sarcoma de Ewing. Metodología. Caso clínico de enfermería con un período de seguimiento de 3 meses a sujeto de cuidado con diagnóstico médico de Sarcoma de Ewing mediante la aplicación de la teoría del logro de las metas de Imogene King y la implementación del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, correlacionando la taxonomía diagnóstica de la North American Nursing Diagnosis Association (NANDA), describiendo los resultados esperados de la Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) y la implementación de las intervenciones descritas en la Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) respectivamente, en relación con los resultados esperados. Resultados. Se plantea el Proceso de Atención de Enfermería con diagnóstico de enfermería: Deterioro de la movilidad física; con el resultado de enfermería: Movimiento articular e intervenciones de enfermería: Terapia de ejercicios: Movilidad articular. Evidenciándose la mejoría de la fuerza muscular del sujeto de cuidado. Conclusión. Mediante las intervenciones realizadas se evidenció el progreso del sujeto de cuidado. La relación del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería, teoría de enfermería y las herramientas de diagnóstico, objetivo e intervenciones de enfermería permitieron el manejo holístico del sujeto de cuidado..
Frecuencia de contaminación por enteroparásitos en pasamanos de autobuses de Barquisimeto, Venezuela
Authors: Traviezo Valles Luis Eduardo , Villamediana Moncada Camila , Jaimes Peña Luis
Published: December 2020

Introducción. La contaminación enteroparasitaria en autobuses por parte de usuarios infectados con malas conductas sanitarias potencia el riesgo de infección del resto de los pasajeros con el subsecuente peligro del desarrollo de patologías gastrointestinales. Por esto se evaluó la frecuencia de contaminación de autobuses con el fin de aportar datos que son desconocidos en Venezuela e inexistentes en Latinoamérica. Metodología. El trabajo fue descriptivo, transversal, con muestra no probabilística y accidental, donde la obtención de la muestra consistió en frotar el pasamanos de cada autobús (100 vehículos examinados) tres veces con un hisopo impregnado en solución salina isotónica 0.85%, resuspendiendolo en un tubo de ensayo con 10 ml de solución salina. La muestra se centrifugó a 3000 rpm por diez minutos para luego observar el sedimento al microscopio. Resultados. El 16% de las muestras presentaron contaminación, encontrándose solo dos especies de enteroparásitos, Blastocystis spp. (14% del total de muestras examinadas) y Endolimax nana (5%). Discusión. La abundancia del potencial patógeno Blastocystis sp., se relaciona con lo descrito en exámenes de heces de habitantes de Barquisimeto y del estado Lara, demostrando que los usuarios enfermos con malas conductas higiénicas convierten a los autobuses en un foco de infección que debe ser controlado. Conclusión. La falta de aseo constante en unidades de transporte público y la ausencia de conciencia sanitaria de algunos pasajeros infectados facilitan la transmisión de enteroparásitos endémicos potencialmente productores de enfermedades gastrointestinales.
Pengetahuan Pedagogi Mahasiswa Calon Guru dalam Perencanaan Pengajaran Matematika dan Hubungannya dengan Keyakinan
Authors: Muhtarom Muhtarom
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this research is to describe the pedagogical knowledge of prospective teachers in designing mathematics learning and its relationship with beliefs about teaching. This research participant was a prospective teacher who was a constructivist belief that had taken a micro-teaching course and had excellent communication skills, as demonstrated by the fluency in delivering ideas. Data is collected through semi-structured interview techniques. The data obtained were coded, simplified, presented, triangulated time for the credibility data, and concluded. The results show that prospective teachers knew in preparing lesson plans and learning media by the curriculum to facilitate students learning in class. The selection of verbal representations, symbol representations, and the selection of contextual problems is in line with his belief that the teacher's role is to guide students and help them discover mathematical concepts actively. Prospective teachers have good knowledge about choosing the right time to ask questions to students. Prospective teachers know when to ask questions, when to reflect on students' answers, and when to ask new questions or give new assignments. Prospective teachers know assessment techniques, namely the assessment of learning outcomes obtained from the way students find solutions to problems and the suitability of problems with solutions made by students.