bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Una propuesta de uso del Software de Geometría Dinámica como milieu para el diseño de una actividad aritmética: la división como un reparto justo.
Authors: Santos Torres Julián Humberto
Published: February 2022

Este artículo presenta una idea de diseño orientado teóricamente que promueve el aprendizaje por adaptación en fases de trabajo autónomo y discusiones conjuntas en fases de trabajo con el grupo entero sobre los conocimientos construidos en esas fases. El fin es atender a las nuevas exigencias de enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas a causa del confinamiento por la pandemia, principalmente el aprovechamiento del tiempo en el trabajo individual por los estudiantes y la optimización de los tiempos de trabajo conjunto con el profesor. Se usó el Software de Geometría Dinámica: DGPad-Colombia como un milieu con el cual los estudiantes interactúan en los espacios de trabajo autónomo para aprender.
¿Son útiles las Escape Rooms educativas? El lado oscuro de pi. Análisis del feedback inicial.
Authors: Ferrando Lara , Rey-Lorenzo Lucía
Published: February 2022

El uso del juego matemático en el aula puede direccionar alumnado, independientemente del nivel, a mejorar sus habilidades de aprendizaje, y a la vez producir una mayor motivación e interés, por las matemáticas. Por lo tanto, a continuación, se muestran dos Escape Rooms Digitales como experiencia de enseñanza-aprendizaje para el alumnado de educación primaria y para el de educación secundaria. En este trabajo se han recopilado diferentes datos, desde las primeras impresiones de todas aquellas personas que han realizado las Escapes Rooms hasta las edades, grados de formación e incluso nacionalidad de estas. Los resultados muestran que aunque en algunos casos el nivel de la actividad haya resultado ser de grado medio, ha gustado la experiencia. Como trabajo futuro esta previsto realizar la puesta en práctica de la adaptación al aula.
Arachnoid Cyst: A Solitary Intracranial Cyst in the Occipital Lobe of the Cerebrum in a Cadaver
Authors: Ravishankar MV , Vidya CS , Patel Sapna , Suma MN
Published: February 2022

Cyst is a closed sac, having distinct envelop; they may be filled with air, fluid, semi-solid material etc. Often cyst is a self-limiting and uneventful condition; they may get resolve with some time duration. If they fail to self-limit by themselves, depending on its size and location it needs timely surgical intervention. A cerebral cyst is a lesion with fluid filled sac in the brain. It may be benign, or malignant. This may be filled with blood, pus, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF), etc. Intracranial arachnoid cysts are congenital lesions of an arachnoid membrane which accounts for 1% of cases of intracranial space occupying lesions. Clinically, a brain cyst may remain silent, often it is an accidental finding on radiological investigations which are correlated in the patients with a history of vague neurological complaints. Often, headaches are a chronic complaint presented with underlying causative factors ranging from psychological stress to severe neurological deficits. The primary brain cyst that exists congenitally by birth will have no definite causality; a secondary brain cyst may exist with diversified aetiological factors including trauma. Elucidation of chronic symptoms dominated with migraine-like headache is very much essential; despite showing a good relief with a palliative treatment it will warrant clinicians to rule out cerebral cystic lesions. Such accidental findings during the dissections set as a natural cadaveric illustration, which build curiosity, and motivation among preclinical student learning from the point of integration of basic subjects. One such case of the cerebral cyst was found during the dissection in the Department of Anatomy, JSS Medical College, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. The present case is of a 70-year-old male cadaver diagnosed with the arachnoid cerebral cyst along with other varieties of cystic brain swellings.
Effect of Iron Nutrition on Growth, Quality and Yield of Soybean (Glycine Max. L.) Grown on Problematic Inceptisol
Authors: Kamble B. M. , Meena Rajkumar , Gajbhiye P. N.
Published: February 2022

Aims: To study the effect of soil and foliar application of iron on growth parameters, quality and yield of soybean (Glycine max.L.).

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in randomised block design with three replications.

Place and Duration of the Study: Agricultural Research Station, Kasbe Digraj, Dist: Sangli (MS) India. The study was conducted during Kharif 2018-19.

Methodology Applied: The present investigation consisted of eight treatments such as absolute control, general recommended dose of fertilizer (GRDF), GRDF + soil application of FeSO4 @ 10 and 20 kg ha-1 with and without two foliar sprays of chelated Fe @ 0.2 per cent at 30 and 50 days after sowing (DAS) , GRDF + soil application of FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1, GRDF + FeSO4 @ 10 kg ha-1 + cow dung slurry @ 500 litre ha-1.

Results: The basal application of FeSO4 @ 10 or 20 kg ha-1 along with two foliar sprays of chelated Fe @ 0.2 per cent at 30 and 50 days after sowing improved growth parameters of soybean viz; chlorophyll content, average number of days to 50 per cent flowering, plant height, number of branches, number of pods and effective root nodules as compare to only soil application or foliar spray of iron. Significantly higher grain yield, straw yield, 100 grain weight, oil and crude protein yield of soybean were obtained in soil application of FeSO4 @ 20 kg ha-1 along with two foliar sprays of chelated Fe @ 0.2% at 30 and 50 days after sowing.

Conclusion: Integrated approach of iron nutrition in soybean both as soil and foliar application could result in better growth and the enhanced yield of soybean.
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Related to Healthcare Ethics among Medical and Dental Postgraduate Students in Central India
Authors: Kale Bhairavi , Ninave Sudhir , Subhadarsanee Chitrika , Jaiswal Priyanka
Published: February 2022

Aim: To assess knowledge, practices and attitudes to health care ethics among Postgraduate Medical and Dental Students

Materials and Methods: The total number of 180 post graduates students will be participated in the study during the Period of 6 months. This will be the Questionnaire based cross sectional study, carried within the span of 1st January 2020 to 30th June 2020. The pre validated questionnaire will be validated and then manually distributed among all the medical and dental post graduate students. After receiving the feedback of the questionnaires the data will be studied and resulted.

Results: Postgraduate students in medical and dental education face various ethical dilemmas during their day to day working in their clinics. These ethics related doubts and issues will be cleared during their postgraduate life. The postgraduate students will be cleared with all the dilemmas and that will be useful for them throughout the clinical practices.

Conclusion: The questionnaire feedback will be useful to the postgraduate students for their future clinical practice following the Ethics.
Epidemiological Study of Fingertip Injuries in a Tertiary Care Center in Kancheepuram District, India
Authors: Jayachandiran Anand Prasath , Bose Sandip V. , Mahipathy Surya Rao Venkata , Durairaj Alagar Raja , Sundaramurthy Narayanamurthy , Suresh P.
Published: February 2022

Background and Aim: Although fingertip injuries are common, there is limited literature on its epidemiology. This study examines the clinical characteristics of fingertip injuries in adults treated at a tertiary medical hospital. The aim of the study is to investigate and examine the epidemiological variables impacting patients' fingertip injuries in a tertiary care hospital in Kancheepuram.

Methods: An epidemiological study of patients with fingertip injuries managed at a tertiary hospital in Kancheepuram over a period of twelve months (March 2020-March 2021). The patients’ profile as well as the clinical presentation, management options and the outcome of care of the patients were documented and analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results: Fifty one fingertips patients were managed. The median age was 23.50 years, with 88% of male. 36 [70%] injuries involved accidents in their workplace. A total of 34 [66%] injuries occurred in the fingers of the right hand. The management offered included PSS (Primary Skin Suturing), V-Y flap, RHAF, Nail bed repair and K wire fixation. About 91.5 % of the patients reported a satisfactory outcome.

Conclusion: In the workplace, right-handed males between the ages of 18 and 25 are more prone to have fingertip injuries. While proper diagnosis and adequate response are critical for a positive result in fingertip injuries, a safer environment and workplace would assist to alleviate the burden.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Study on Effects of Smoking, Alcohol and Substance Abuse on Human Health among Students
Authors: Abishek V. C. , Kannan R.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: It is well documented that tobacco, alcohol and drug use can be detrimental to health. However, little is known about the impact of smoking, alcohol and substance abuse on human among students. The aim of this study was to study the effect of smoking, alcohol and substance abuse on human among students.

Methods: The study was carried out on 51 students comprising of 26 M.B.B.S and 25 non-M.B.B.S students. The students were given a pretested questionnaire and asked to fill up the questions. The responses were collected and analyzed using appropriate statistical tools for parametric and non-parametric data with the help of SPSS for Windows version 22 software.

Results: The knowledge of participants on Effects of smoking, alcohol and substance abuse was 73%.

The participants had a positive attitude towards the complete ban of advertising of tobacco products and most of them (58%) had a positive attitude towards the complete ban of tobacco usage.

19.6% of participants consumed alcohol and 22.2% had at least once smoked a cigarette and 9.8% practiced substance abuse.

Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a definitive and palpable practice of smoking, alcohol and substance abuse among students. To prevent such practices awareness must spread among the students.
Ex vivo drug sensitivity screening in multiple myeloma identifies drug combinations that act synergistically
Authors: Giliberto Mariaserena , Thimiri Govinda Raj Deepak B. , Cremaschi Andrea , Skånland Sigrid S. , Gade Alexandra , Tjønnfjord Geir E. , Schjesvold Fredrik , Munthe Ludvig A. , Taskén Kjetil
Published: February 2022

The management of multiple myeloma (MM) is challenging: An assortment of available drug combinations adds complexity to treatment selection, and treatment resistance frequently develops. Given the heterogeneous nature of MM, personalized testing tools are required to identify drug sensitivities. To identify drug sensitivities in MM cells, we established a drug testing pipeline to examine ex vivo drug responses. MM cells from 44 patients were screened against 30 clinically relevant single agents and 44 double‐ and triple‐drug combinations. We observed variability in responses across samples. The presence of gain(1q21) was associated with low sensitivity to venetoclax, and decreased ex vivo responses to dexamethasone reflected the drug resistance observed in patients. Less heterogeneity and higher efficacy was detected with many combinations compared to the corresponding single agents. We identified new synergistic effects of melflufen plus panobinostat using low concentrations (0.1–10 nm and 8 nm, respectively). In agreement with clinical studies, clinically approved combinations, such as triple combination of selinexor plus bortezomib plus dexamethasone, acted synergistically, and synergies required low drug concentrations (0.1 nm bortezomib, 10 nm selinexor and 4 nm dexamethasone). In summary, our drug screening provided results within a clinically actionable 5‐day time frame and identified synergistic drug efficacies in patient‐derived MM cells that may aid future therapy choices.
microRNA‐99a‐5p induces cellular senescence in gemcitabine‐resistant bladder cancer by targeting SMARCD1
Authors: Tamai Motoki , Tatarano Shuichi , Okamura Shunsuke , Fukumoto Wataru , Kawakami Issei , Osako Yoichi , Sakaguchi Takashi , Sugita Satoshi , Yonemori Masaya , Yamada Yasutoshi , Nakagawa Masayuki , Enokida Hideki , Yoshino Hirofumi
Published: February 2022

Patients with advanced bladder cancer are generally treated with a combination of chemotherapeutics, including gemcitabine, but the effect is limited due to acquisition of drug resistance. Thus, in this study, we investigated the mechanism of gemcitabine resistance. First, gemcitabine‐resistant cells were established and resistance confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Small RNA sequencing analyses were performed to search for miRNAs involved in gemcitabine resistance. miR‐99a‐5p, selected as a candidate miRNA, was downregulated compared to its parental cells. In gain‐of‐function studies, miR‐99a‐5p inhibited cell viabilities and restored sensitivity to gemcitabine. RNA sequencing analysis was performed to find the target gene of miR‐99a‐5p. SMARCD1 was selected as a candidate gene. Dual‐luciferase reporter assays showed that miR‐99a‐5p directly regulated SMARCD1. Loss‐of‐function studies conducted with si‐RNAs revealed suppression of cell functions and restoration of gemcitabine sensitivity. miR‐99a‐5p overexpression and SMARCD1 knockdown also suppressed gemcitabine‐resistant cells in vivo. Furthermore, β‐galactosidase staining showed that miR‐99a‐5p induction and SMARCD1 suppression contributed to cellular senescence. In summary, tumor‐suppressive miR‐99a‐5p induced cellular senescence in gemcitabine‐resistant bladder cancer cells by targeting SMARCD1.
Immobilization of Lewis Basic Nitrogen Sites into a Chemically Stable Metal–Organic Framework for Benchmark Water‐Sorption‐Driven Heat Allocations
Authors: Li Bin , Lu Feng‐Fan , Gu Xiao‐Wen , Shao Kai , Wu Enyu , Qian Guodong
Published: February 2022

Developing efficient and stable water adsorbents for adsorption‐driven heat transfer technology still remains a challenge due to the lack of efficient strategies to enhance low‐pressure water uptakes. The authors herein demonstrate that the immobilization of Lewis basic nitrogen sites into metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) can improve water uptake and target benchmark coefficient of performances (COPs) for cooling and heating. They present the water sorption properties of a chemically stable MOF (termed as Zr‐adip), designed by incorporating hydrophilic nitrogen sites into the adsorbent MIP‐200. Zr‐adip exhibits S‐shaped sorption isotherms with an extremely high water uptake of 0.43 g g−1 at 303 K and P/P0 = 0.25, higher than MIP‐200 (0.39 g g−1), KMF‐1 (0.39 g g−1) and MOF‐303 (0.38 g g−1). Theoretical calculations reveal that the incorporated N sites can serve as secondary adsorption sites to moderately interact with water, providing more binding sites to strengthen the water binding affinity. Zr‐adip achieves exceptionally high COPs of 0.79 (cooling) and 1.75 (heating) with a low driving temperature of 70 °C, outperforming MIP‐200 (0.78 and 1.53) and KMF‐1 (0.75 and 1.74). Combined with its ultrahigh stability, excellent cycling performance, and easy regeneration, Zr‐adip represents one of the best water adsorbents for adsorption‐driven cooling and heating.
A predictive algorithm for identifying children with sickle cell anemia among children admitted to hospital with severe anemia in Africa
Authors: Olupot‐Olupot Peter , Connon Roisin , Kiguli Sarah , Opoka Robert O. , Alaroker Florence , Uyoga Sophie , Nakuya Margret , Okiror William , Nteziyaremye Julius , Ssenyondo Tonny , Nabawanuka Eva , Kayaga Juliana , Williams Mukisa Cynthia , Amorut Denis , Muhindo Rita , Frost Gary , Walsh Kevin , Macharia Alexander W. , Gibb Diana M. , Walker A. Sarah , George Elizabeth C. , Maitland Kathryn , Williams Thomas N.
Published: February 2022

Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is common in sub‐Saharan Africa where approximately 1% of births are affected. Severe anemia is a common cause for hospital admission within the region yet few studies have investigated the contribution made by SCA. The Transfusion and Treatment of severe anemia in African Children Trial (ISRCTN84086586) investigated various treatment strategies in 3983 children admitted with severe anemia (hemoglobin < 6.0 g/dl) based on two severity strata to four hospitals in Africa (three Uganda and one Malawi). Children with known‐SCA were excluded from the uncomplicated stratum and capped at 25% in the complicated stratum. All participants were genotyped for SCA at trial completion. SCA was rare in Malawi (six patients overall), so here we focus on the participants recruited in Uganda. We present baseline characteristics by SCA status and propose an algorithm for identifying children with unknown‐SCA. Overall, 430 (12%) and 608 (17%) of the 3483 Ugandan participants had known‐ or unknown‐SCA, respectively. Children with SCA were less likely to be malaria‐positive and more likely to have an affected sibling, have gross splenomegaly, or to have received a previous blood transfusion. Most outcomes, including mortality and readmission, were better in children with either known or unknown‐SCA than non‐SCA children. A simple algorithm based on seven admission criteria detected 73% of all children with unknown‐SCA with a number needed to test to identify one new SCA case of only two. Our proposed algorithm offers an efficient and cost‐effective approach to identifying children with unknown‐SCA among all children admitted with severe anemia to African hospitals where screening is not widely available.
Clinical relevance of impaired consciousness in accidental hypothermia: a Japanese multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Fukuda Masahiro , Nozawa Masahiro , Okada Yohei , Morita Sachiko , Ehara Naoki , Miyamae Nobuhiro , Jo Takaaki , Sumida Yasuyuki , Okada Nobunaga , Watanabe Makoto , Tsuruoka Ayumu , Fujimoto Yoshihiro , Okumura Yoshiki , Kitamura Tetsuhisa , Matsuyama Tasuku
Published: February 2022

Aim

This study aimed to investigate the association between level of impaired consciousness and severe hypothermia (<28°C) and to evaluate the association between level of impaired consciousness and inhospital mortality among accidental hypothermia patients.

Methods

This was a multicenter retrospective study using the J‐Point registry database, which includes data regarding patients whose core body temperature was 35.0°C or less and who were treated as accidental hypothermia in emergency departments between April 1, 2011 and March 31, 2016. We estimated adjusted odds ratios of the level of impaired consciousness for severe hypothermia less than 28°C and inhospital mortality using a logistic regression model.

Results

The study included 505 of 572 patients in the J‐Point registry. Relative to mildly impaired consciousness (Glasgow Coma Scale [GCS] 13–15), the adjusted odds ratios for severe hypothermia less than 28°C were: moderate (GCS 9–12), 3.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69–6.25); and severe (GCS < 9), 4.68 (95% CI, 2.40–9.14). Relative to mildly impaired consciousness (GCS 13–15), the adjusted odds ratios for inhospital mortality were: moderate (GCS9–12), 1.65 (95% CI, 0.95–2.88); and severe (GCS < 9), 2.10 (95% CI, 1.17–3.78).

Conclusion

The level of impaired consciousness in patients with accidental hypothermia was associated with severe hypothermia and inhospital mortality.
Magnetic Field Dependent Kondo Transport through Double Quantum Dots System
Authors: Cheng YongXi , Li ZhenHua , Zheng Xiao , Wei JianHua , Luo Hong‐Gang , Lin Hai‐Qing , Yan YiJing
Published: February 2022

The Kondo transport associated with the magnetic field in parallel‐coupled double quantum dots (PDQDs) is theoretically investigated using the hierarchical‐equation‐of‐motion approach (HEOM). In this system, the interdot tunneling induces an effective antiferromagnetic interaction; thus, its ground state is an orbital singlet associated with approximately zero differential conductance. When an appropriate large magnetic field is applied, the two spins of the two dots have a possibility with a parallel arrangement, and thus the singlet and one of the triplets are degenerated. At the degenerate point, a distinct zero‐energy resonance peak appears, associated with significant differential conductance. The Kondo scale behavior at the degenerate point and the total and spin resolved spectral functions around the degenerate point are examined. The results confirm the spin‐1/2 Kondo resonance near the singlet‐triplet transition point. The differential conductance phase diagram, as well as thermoelectric transport, is also quantitatively presented.
Intermolecular Photocatalytic Chemo‐, Stereo‐ and Regioselective Thiol–Yne–Ene Coupling Reaction
Authors: Burykina Julia V. , Kobelev Andrey D. , Shlapakov Nikita S. , Kostyukovich Alexander Yu. , Fakhrutdinov Artem N. , König Burkhard , Ananikov Valentine P.
Published: February 2022

The first example of an intermolecular thiol–yne–ene coupling reaction is reported for the one‐pot construction of C−S and C−C bonds. Thiol–yne–ene coupling opens a new dimension in building molecular complexity to access densely functionalized products. The employment of Eosin Y/DBU/MeOH photocatalytic system suppresses hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) and associative reductant upconversion (via C−S three‐electron σ‐bond formation). Investigation of the reaction mechanism by combining online ESI‐UHRMS, EPR spectroscopy, isotope labeling, determination of quantum yield, cyclic voltammetry, Stern–Volmer measurements and computational modeling revealed a unique photoredox cycle with four radical‐involving stages. As a result, previously unavailable products of the thiol–yne–ene reaction were obtained in good yields with high selectivity. They can serve as stable precursors for synthesizing synthetically demanding activated 1,3‐dienes.
Predicting the Solubility of Inorganic Ion Pairs in Water
Authors: Rahman Tasnim , Petrus Enric , Segado Mireia , Martin Nicolas P. , Palys Lauren N. , Rambaran Mark A. , Ohlin C. Andre , Bo Carles , Nyman May
Published: February 2022

Polyoxometalates (POMs), ranging in size from 1 to 10’s of nanometers, resemble building blocks of inorganic materials. Elucidating their complex solubility behavior with alkali‐counterions can inform natural and synthetic aqueous processes. In the study of POMs ([Nb24O72H9]15−, Nb24) we discovered an unusual solubility trend (termed anomalous solubility) of alkali‐POMs, in which Nb24 is most soluble with the smallest (Li+) and largest (Rb/Cs+) alkalis, and least soluble with Na/K+. Via computation, we define a descriptor (σ‐profile) and use an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict all three described alkali‐anion solubility trends: amphoteric, normal (Li+>Na+>K+>Rb+>Cs+), and anomalous (Cs+>Rb+>K+>Na+>Li+). Testing predicted amphoteric solubility affirmed the accuracy of the descriptor, provided solution‐phase snapshots of alkali–POM interactions, yielded a new POM formulated [Ti6Nb14O54]14−, and provides guidelines to exploit alkali–POM interactions for new POMs discovery.
Electrochemical Cage Activation of Carboranes
Authors: Yang Long , Zhang Zi‐Jing , Bongsuiru Jei Becky , Ackermann Lutz
Published: February 2022

Carboranes are boron–carbon molecular clusters that possess unique properties, such as their icosahedron geometry, high boron content, and delocalized three‐dimensional aromaticity. These features render carboranes valuable building blocks for applications in supramolecular design, nanomaterials, optoelectronics, organometallic coordination chemistry, and as boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) agents. Despite tremendous progress in this field, stoichiometric chemical redox reagents are largely required for the oxidative activation of carborane cages. In this context, electrosyntheses represent an alternative strategy for more sustainable molecular syntheses. It is only in recent few years that considerable progress has been made in electrochemical cage functionalization of carboranes, which are summarized in this Minireview. We anticipate that electrocatalysis will serve as an increasingly powerful stimulus within the current renaissance of carborane electrochemistry.
A study of visually linked keywords to support exploratory browsing in academic search
Authors: Hoeber Orland , Shukla Soumya
Published: February 2022

While the search interfaces used by common academic digital libraries provide easy access to a wealth of peer‐reviewed literature, their interfaces provide little support for exploratory browsing. When faced with a complex search task (such as one that requires knowledge discovery), exploratory browsing is an important first step in an exploratory search process. To more effectively support exploratory browsing, we have designed and implemented a novel academic digital library search interface (KLink Search) with two new features: visually linked keywords and an interactive workspace. To study the potential value of these features, we have conducted a controlled laboratory study with 32 participants, comparing KLink Search to a baseline digital library search interface modeled after that used by IEEE Xplore. Based on subjective opinions, objective performance, and behavioral data, we show the value of adding lightweight visual and interactive features to academic digital library search interfaces to support exploratory browsing.
The impact of health‐policy‐driven subsidisation of prostate magnetic resonance imaging on transperineal prostate biopsy practice and outcomes
Authors: Wei Gavin , Reeves Fairleigh , Perera Marlon , Kelly Brian D. , Esler Stephen , Bolton Damien , Jack Greg
Published: February 2022

Background

From 1 July 2018, the Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) introduced rebates for multi‐parametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) for the workup for prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to determine if subsidisation of mpMRI prior to transperineal biopsy altered our institution's prostate biopsy practice patterns and outcomes.

Methods

All patients who underwent transperineal prostate biopsy at an Australian tertiary institution from 1 January 2017 to 1 January 2020 were identified. Patients with known PCa were excluded. Patients were stratified into two groups: a pre‐subsidisation cohort comprising patients biopsied prior to the introduction of mpMRI subsidisation on 1 July 2018 and a post‐subsidisation cohort comprising patients biopsied after 1 July 2018. Histopathological results were compared with further stratification based on mpMRI results. Clinically significant cancer was defined as ISUP Grade Group ≥ 2.

Results

Six hundred and fifty men fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Three hundred and sixty‐one patients were in the pre‐subsidisation cohort and 289 in the post‐subsidisation cohort. Of the patients in the pre‐subsidisation group, 36.3% underwent a pre‐biopsy mpMRI compared with 77.5% in the post‐subsidisation group. Of the patients in the pre‐subsidisation group, 59.6% had positive biopsies (p = 0.024) compared with 68.2% in the post‐subsidisation group. The rate of clinically significant PCa was lower in the pre‐subsidisation group (39.1%) compared with the post‐subsidisation (49.5%, p = 0.008). The negative predictive value of mpMRI for clinically significant PCa was 86.5%.

Conclusion

Our institution experienced a reduction of negative prostate biopsies and an increase in clinically significant PCa within transperineal biopsy specimens after the Australian healthcare system introduced financial subsidisation of mpMRI.
Financial constraints, investments, and environmental strategies: An empirical analysis of judicial barriers
Authors: Falavigna Greta , Ippoliti Roberto
Published: February 2022

This work analyzes the relation between the judicial system and financial constraints, investigating whether inefficiency in enforcing credit rights can amplify companies' difficulties in collecting resources on the capital market, limiting their access to the funds needed to support investments and environmental sustainability. Considering the Italian manufacturing industry and according to the selected insolvency procedures, our results suggest that, if the time necessary to settle cases decreases by 20%, we can expect an increase in the financial debt ratio between 0.92% and 5.08% and a decrease in the trade credit ratio between 0.81% and 2.71%, as well as an increase in investments between 0.46% and 3.22%. These results are robust under a variety of tests and support the hypothesis that judicial inefficiency represents a barrier to environmental sustainability, preventing investments in key technologies able to support green strategies, as well as the key role of trade dynamics as alternative funding strategy for their business. The economic implications of our evidence could be far‐reaching for the whole economy, not only reducing the competitiveness and financial stability of the national system but also triggering a cascade effect on the market and undermining environmental strategies.
DNA image cytometric analysis of bronchial washings as an adjunct for the detection of lung cancer in a clinical setting
Authors: Hu Yan , Yu Qing , Guo Cuiyan , Wang Guangfa
Published: February 2022

Background

DNA aneuploidy has a potential to become an adjunct to conventional cytology for diagnosis of lung cancer, but its value in bronchial washings has not been well evaluated.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study on patients who underwent bronchoscopy and the bronchial washings were submitted for both cytology and DNA image cytometry (DNA‐ICM) examination. The sensitivity and specificity of two methods and both in combination were compared. Analysis of clinical subgroups and DNA histogram were also performed.

Results

The study included 626 patients (326 patients with lung cancer and 300 patients with benign lung diseases). The sensitivity of cytology, DNA‐ICM, and combination test for lung cancer were 53.3%, 62.3%, and 75.8%, respectively, and the sensitivity of DNA‐ICM and combination test were superior to that of cytology (p < 0.05). A modest reduction of specificity was found in DNA‐ICM compared with cytology (91.3% vs. 98.3%, p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis showed there was no significant difference in sensitivity of DNA‐ICM between the visible tumor group and the invisible tumor group (66.5% vs. 56.9%, χ2 = 3.114, p = 0.078). Among 101 patients with invisible endobronchial tumor, the positive rates for DNA‐ICM of washing, cytology of washing, brushing and biopsy were 62.4%, 41.6%, 40.6%, and 45.5%, respectively. DNA‐ICM in combination with the basic bronchoscopy techniques could increase the sensitivity from 67.3% to 87.1% (p = 0.000). The DNA histogram analysis showed 25.3% washing samples of lung cancer were diploid pattern, 49.4% were scattered aneuploid cells pattern, and 25.3% were aneuploid peaks pattern. Small cell lung cancer had the highest proportion of aneuploid peaks pattern (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

DNA‐ICM could be used as an adjunct for the detection of lung cancer. The combination of DNA‐ICM and basic bronchoscopy techniques could significantly increase the sensitivity, especially for the patients suspected of peripheral lung cancer, and contribute to select subjects for advanced bronchoscopy.
The relationship between Turkish mothers' childhood trauma experiences and parenting styles
Authors: Subasi Damla Ozcevik , Sümengen Aylin Akça , Ekim Ayfer , Ocakci Ayşe Ferda
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between mothers’ childhood traumatic experiences and parenting styles. This descriptive study was conducted with 355 participants in Turkey. Data were collected using the Participant Information Form, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire between September and December 2019. Descriptive statistics, Student t‐test, one‐way ANOVA and correlation analysis were performed. Parenting styles did not change according to the socio‐demographic characteristics of the mothers. It was found that as the childhood traumatic experiences increased, their authoritarian and permissive styles increased while their authoritative styles decreased. It would be helpful to explore parents' experiences of childhood trauma and then provide support accordingly and appropriately.
Novel truncating variant in KMT2E associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and velopharyngeal dysfunction
Authors: Abreu Nicolas J. , Siemon Amy E. , Baylis Adriane L. , Kirschner Richard E. , Pfau Ruthann B. , Ho Mai‐Lan , Hickey Scott E. , Truxal Kristen V.
Published: February 2022

KMT2E‐related neurodevelopmental disorder is a recently described intellectual disability syndrome often with speech difficulties. Here, we describe an individual with a heterozygous frameshift variant in KMT2E (NM_182931.2:c.2334_2337delTTAC, p.[Tyr779AlafsTer41]), intellectual disability, cerebellar hypoplasia, and velopharyngeal dysfunction. This case suggests potential mechanisms of speech disturbance in the disorder, requiring further investigation.
Locally advanced perforated appendiceal cancer: Case report and review
Authors: Patel Samik H. , Bihlmeyer Sharon , Eggenberger John C. , Shanker Beth‐Ann , Cleary Robert K.
Published: February 2022

Appendiceal cancers may be difficult to diagnose even after comprehensive investigation. This report of locally advanced perforated appendiceal adenocarcinoma attached to the terminal ileum, cecum, and rectosigmoid illustrates the management challenges that require comprehensive knowledge of pathologic variations and range from simple appendectomy to cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy.
Peritoneal perforation and peritonitis after antegrade double‐J stent insertion: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Haghpanah Abdolreza , Ahmed Faisal , Hosseini Seyed Hossein , Mashayekh Ali , Dehghani Anahita , Rastin Sourena
Published: February 2022

Penetration of peritoneal cavity during antegrade double‐J (DJ) stenting is rare. A 52‐year‐old woman presented with signs of peritonitis for 3 days after left PCNL. Abdominal CT scan revealed a perforation of the peritoneum by the distal coil of DJ stent, which was reinserted into the bladder by ureteroscopy.
Multiple endocrine disorders manifested as gynecomastia in a patient with renal pelvis cancer
Authors: Bilim Vladimir , Hoshi Senji
Published: February 2022

A 95‐year‐old man was diagnosed with left renal pelvis cancer which presented with rapid tumor growth, multiple metastases, and bilateral tender gynecomastia. Elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone were detected. The patient's condition rapidly deteriorated, and he passed away.
Dehydration of Amides to Nitriles over Heterogeneous Silica‐Supported Molybdenum Oxide Catalyst
Authors: Nagasaki Yo‐hei , Tamura Masazumi , Yabushita Mizuho , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tomishige Keiichi
Published: February 2022

Silica‐supported molybdenum oxide (MoOx/SiO2) with 4.8 wt% Mo (0.5 mmol g−1) was an effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for dehydration of 2‐furamide to 2‐furonitrile (96 % yield). The catalyst was applicable to the dehydration of various amides including heteroaromatic, aromatic and alkyl amides, providing the corresponding nitriles in high yields (87‐97 %). Based on the results of catalyst characterizations (XRD, TEM, UV‐vis, Raman) and activity tests, MoOxspecies are highly dispersed over SiO2, and heptamolybdate anion ([Mo7O24]6−) and isolated dioxo ((O=)2MoO2) were mainly formed on the SiO2support of the optimal MoOx/SiO2catalyst. The strong Brønsted acid sites (Mo‐OH−Si site) can be formed from the MoOxspecies and the adjacent silanol group, and the acid‐base pair site (Mo(=O)−OH−Si site) of the strong Brønsted acid site (Mo−OH−Si site) and base site (Mo=O) over MoOx/SiO2catalyst could be the main active site for the dehydration of amides.
Synthesis of P, S, N, Triple‐Doped Porous Carbon from Steam Explosion Pretreated Peanut Shell as Electrode Material Applied on Supercapacitor
Authors: Li Xin , Ding Dayong , Liu Zhong , Hui Lanfeng , Guo Taoli , You Tingting , Cao Yunpeng , Zhao Yumeng
Published: February 2022

Triple‐doped (P, S and N) peanut‐shell carbon (PSN‐PSC) was fabricated by a flexible one‐step strategy. The obtained carbon displayed large specific surface area and multiple porous structures, hence it was suitable in applying on supercapacitor as electrode materials. Steam explosion was performed to pretreat peanut shells for the purpose of preliminarily creating pore structure. Potassium phosphate was used as activating agent and supplied phosphorus atom. Thiourea was added as pore‐generating agent, as well as nitrogen and sulfur sources. The extremely high specific surface area (2046 m2 g−1) and hierarchical porous structure of the PSN‐PSC increased the accessibility of the carbon surface to the electrolyte, which shortened the ion diffusion pathway. Besides, the heteroatoms (P, S, N) doping improved the ability of energy storage and capacitive property. The synergistic effect of heteroatom doping and hierarchical structure endowed PSN‐PSC with the highest specific capacitance of 334.7 F g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and with remarkable cycle stability of 96 % retention for 10000 cycles in 6 m KOH electrolyte in a three‐electrode system with a 3.0 mg cm−2 mass loading of PSN‐PSC. Furthermore, the PSN‐PSC symmetric supercapacitor reached an excellent energy density of 19.92 Wh kg−1 under 70 W kg−1 in a 6 m KOH electrolyte. This work demonstrates a novel, convenient method for fabricating heteroatom doped carbon electrode materials, especially based on pretreated biomass wastes.
Impact of the Cancer and Aging Research Group score and treatment intensity on survival and toxicity outcomes in older adults with advanced noncolorectal gastrointestinal cancers
Authors: Nishijima Tomohiro F. , Deal Allison M. , Williams Grant R. , Sanoff Hanna K. , Nyrop Kirsten A. , Muss Hyman B.
Published: February 2022

Background

Little is known regarding the predictive value of the Cancer and Aging Research Group (CARG) score, a validated chemotherapy toxicity prediction tool for older adults with cancer, for survival outcomes.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study of patients ≥65 years old receiving first‐line chemotherapy for advanced noncolorectal gastrointestinal cancer for which combination chemotherapy is the standard of care. Overall survival (OS), time to treatment failure (TTF), which was defined as the time from the start of first‐line chemotherapy to the discontinuation of first‐line chemotherapy for any reason, and toxicity were compared in 4 groups of patients: 1) non–high‐risk (nHR) CARG score (<10) and standard‐intensity therapy (ST), 2) nHR score and reduced‐intensity therapy (RT), 3) high‐risk (HR) CARG score (≥10) and ST, and 4) HR score and RT.

Results

Fifty patients (median age, 71 years) were enrolled. The median OS in months was 19.7 in nHR/ST (n = 19) group, 12.7 in nHR/RT (n = 9) group, 4.5 in HR/ST (n = 12) group, and 3.9 in HR/RT (n = 10) group (log‐rank test, P = .005). The median TTF in months was 9.1 in nHR/ST group, 2.5 in nHR/RT group, 2.3 in HR/ST group, and 3.0 in HR/RT group (log‐rank test, P = .04). The CARG‐score category was prognostic of OS (HR, 3.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59‐5.83, P = .001) and TTF (HR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.31‐5.20, P = .007). The incidence of grade 3‐5 toxicity was 68% in nHR/ST group, 33% in nHR/RT group, 92% in HR/ST group, and 70% in HR/RT group (Fisher exact test, P = .048).

Conclusions

Risk‐adapted chemotherapy based on the CARG‐score may improve treatment outcomes.
Energy efficient and delay aware clustering in mobile adhoc network: A hybrid fruit fly optimization algorithm and whale optimization algorithm approach
Authors: Saminathan Karunakaran , Thangavel Renukadevi
Published: February 2022

The energy efficient and delay are the two important optimization issues in the mobile adhoc network (MANET), where the nodes move randomly at any direction with limited battery life, resulting in occasional change of network topology. In this article, a hybrid fruit fly optimization algorithm and whale optimization algorithm (FOA‐WOA) is proposed for energy efficient with delay aware cluster head (CH) selection. The major objective of the proposed method is “to solve the problems of energy efficient with delay and develop a clustering mechanism”. The performance of the hybrid FOA‐WOA is evaluated based on packet delivery ratio (PDR), delay, energy consumption, and throughput. Moreover, the proposed method is analyzed with two existing algorithms, like ant colony optimization (ACO) and genetic algorithm (GA). The experimental results show that the proposed method attains 11.6% better than ACO and 1.8% better than GA based on packet delivery ratio, 57.6% better than ACO and 27.3% better than GA based on delay and 15.3% better than ACO and 36.4% better than GA based on energy consumption.
A blind robust color image watermarking method based on discrete wavelet transform and discrete cosine transform using grayscale watermark image
Authors: Gul Ertugrul
Published: February 2022

With the rapid development of internet technology, digital images are easily accessed and tampered by unauthorized users. Therefore, copyright of color images has become an important challenge in nowadays. Robust color image watermarking methods have emerged to provide copyright. However, robust watermarking methods must satisfy the requirements such as robustness, imperceptibility, capacity, and security. Therefore, researchers are focused on methods using grayscale watermark instead of the binary watermark to increase capacity. Grayscale watermark based robust color image watermarking methods are mostly semi‐blind and non‐blind. However, these methods have limited utilization areas since the original image, original watermark, or side information is required. To address these drawbacks, we propose a blind robust color image watermarking method using grayscale watermark. In the proposed watermark embedding procedure, one‐level discrete wavelet transform is performed on the Cb color component. Then, scrambled watermark pixels are hidden into coefficients of discrete cosine transform (DCT) matrices of LL subband by using dividing‐based new watermark embedding formula. In the watermark extracting procedure, watermark pixels are extracted from coefficients of DCT matrices by using dividing‐based extracting formula. The performance is demonstrated against various attacks and experimental results indicate that the presented method ensures robustness while preserving imperceptibility.
Introducing a New d0 Sc3+ Asymmetric Ion for Functional Materials: Large Birefringence Enhancement by ScO6 in Ba3Sc2(BO3)4
Authors: Zhou Jingfang , Li Rukang
Published: February 2022

Transition metal ions with d0 electronic states (Ti4+, Zr4+, Nb5+ and Ta5+) are widely investigated as functional materials. This work first illustrates that Sc3+ ion, long‐time ignored, displays a second‐order Jahn‐Teller (SOJT) effect similar to asymmetric oxide‐coordinated transition metal ions, thus providing a new ground to seek for asymmetric functional materials with enhanced performances. In Ba3Sc2(BO3)4, BO3 groups are parallelly arranged, satisfying the ideal arrangement to produce large birefringence. Importantly, distorted octahedral ScO6 with Sc3+ ion in its d0 electronic state enlarges birefringence unexpectedly up to 0.149 @ 550 nm, which is larger than previously reported borates containing solely BO3, even to B3O6 units. Subsequently, the SOJT influence of distorted ScO6 octahedra on birefringence is verified by a comparison between experimental data and theoretical calculations. In addition, Ba3Sc2(BO3)4 also displays a high transmittance in the range of 230 nm–3.5 μm with a UV cut‐off wavelength at 198 nm and a large laser induced damage threshold (2.7 GW/cm2), comparable to α‐BaB2O4. Above characteristics imply that the title compound may be a promising birefringent material.
Cannabis, alcohol, and psychosis links scrutinized by AJP
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2022

The January issue of the American Journal of Psychiatry (AJP) focuses on the interactions between alcohol use, cannabis use, substance use disorders (SUDs), and other psychiatric illnesses. One of the biggest questions for clinicians treating patients with first‐episode psychosis when cannabis has been involved is the chicken‐and‐egg question — was the psychosis brought on by cannabis use or was the patient using it to self‐medicate?
Adolescent chronic unpredictable stress causes a bias in goal‐directed behavior and distinctively changes the expression of NMDA and dopamine receptors in the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum in male rats
Authors: Wu Chao , Zheng Wei , Jia Xiaohua , Li Yonghui , Shen Fang , Haghparast Abbas , Liang Jing , Sui Nan , Zhang Jian‐Jun
Published: February 2022

The distinct preferences between goal‐directed and habit‐directed behaviors involve numerous neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Chronic stress during adulthood biases behavior toward habit‐oriented strategies. However, it remains to be studied how adolescence, as a stage in which brain regions are still undergoing development, suffering stress will affect this preference. Here, we exposed rats to chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) at PND 21 to PND 33 and PND 34 to PND 47 to examine its effect on sugar pellet‐based instrumental behavior in adulthood. We showed that rats exposed to CUS in middle adolescence had a biased goal‐directed strategy rather than a habit‐oriented strategy in adulthood, whereas CUS exposure in early adolescence did not have this effect. Moreover, middle adolescent CUS caused the downregulation of the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor subtype 2 B (NR2B) in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) rather than in the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), whereas no change was observed in NR2A or the dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) or the dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) in the DLS. Together, these findings suggest that CUS in middle adolescence inhibits habitual behavior in adulthood and downregulates the expression of NR2B in DLS, providing new evidence to understand the molecular mechanisms of abnormal habitual behaviors induced by adolescent stress.
Sensitization of depressive‐like behavior is attenuated by disruption of prostaglandin synthesis days following brief early attachment‐figure isolation
Authors: Hennessy Michael B. , Miller John A. , Carter Kendra A. , Molina Andrea L. , Schiml Patricia A. , Deak Terrence
Published: February 2022

Childhood psychological trauma appears to sensitize stress‐related neuroinflammatory systems to increase later vulnerability for depression and other stress‐related mental disorders. Isolation of guinea pig pups from the maternal attachment figure for 3 h in threatening surroundings leads to a sensitization of inflammatory‐mediated, depressive‐like behavior and fever during later isolations. A previous study found the non‐selective COX inhibitor naproxen administered before the initial isolation moderated depressive‐like behavior and its sensitization. Here, we examined effects of naproxen given following early isolation. Male and female guinea pig pups surgically implanted with telemetry devices to measure core temperature were isolated for 3 h on 2 consecutive days near weaning (first isolation Day 20–24). Several days later, they began 4 consecutive days of injection with either saline vehicle or 10 or 20 mg/kg naproxen prior to a third isolation in early adolescence, that is, 10 days after their first isolation. Across the first two isolations, depressive‐like behavior and fever sensitized. Both doses of naproxen attenuated depressive‐like behavior during the third isolation. Fever was unaffected. Results suggest prostaglandin mediation of sensitization of depressive‐like behavioral, but not febrile, responses to subsequent isolation. Findings also support further study of anti‐inflammatory treatments to mitigate lasting consequences of early‐attachment disruption.