bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Ultraviolet Radiation on Dyed Man-Made Textile Fibers Using UV-Vis Microspectrophotometry (MSP): Technical Aspects on Spectral Alterations in Time
Authors: Buzzini Patrick , King Dempsey Meggan , Laughlin Gary J. , Sparenga Sebastian B.
Published: March 2023

Little is known about changes in dyed man-made fibers caused by environmental conditions, especially exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation over long periods of time. Even less known are the deviations of the spectral curves collected from these samples using UV-visible microspectrophotometry (UV-Vis MSP) from the spectral curves collected from unexposed fiber samples. Spectral alterations, however, may derive from undesired causes inherent to the operation of the instrument or the samples themselves. Hence, the primary goal of this research was to study the effect of UV radiation on various combinations of man-made fiber types, color, and dye types. A UV radiation box was constructed as a controlled (indoor) environment and was compared to a dedicated (outdoor) natural exposure facility in Buckeye, AZ. In both settings, the fiber samples were exposed up to 32 weeks and collected and analyzed at intervals of 8 weeks. The undesired causes of UV exposure of induced photobleaching inherent to the xenon source of the spectrophotometer and the latent polarization of the selected fiber samples as a function of their orientation on the stage of the microscope were also evaluated. Although issues due to latent polarization from the samples were not identified, induced photobleaching was observed within 8 seconds of exposure to the xenon source in a few instances. In this study, different types of spectral alterations were observed, which occurred both in the visible and the UV spectral regions. These alterations were the same as observed in the indoor setting, the outdoor setting, and the instrument-induced photobleaching study, although their times of occurrence differed. This study focused on technical aspects related to the proper use of UV-Vis MSP to the analysis of textile fibers exposed to UV radiation. It has led to the formulation of recommended measures that aim at minimizing the risks of spectral alterations resulting from causes other than the environmental UV exposure of interest.
ANALISIS PEMAHAMAN MATEMATIS MAHASISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL ANALISIS REAL 1 DITINJAU DARI COGNITIVE STYLE FIELD DEPENDENT DAN FIELD INDEPENDENT
Authors: Jurniyati  , Takdir  , Fitriani
Published: March 2023

Analysis of Students' Mathematical Understanding in Solving Real 1 Analysis Question Viewed from the Cognitive Style Field Dependent and Field Independent of Mathematic Education Study Program IAI Muhammadiyah Sinjai. Thesis. Sinjai: Mathematic Education Study Program. Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training IAI Muhammadiyah Sinjai, 2021. This study aims to describe: (1) students' mathematical understanding in solving real 1 analysis questions in terms of cognitive style field dependent; (2) students' mathematical understanding in solving real 1 analysis questions in terms of cognitive style field independent. This research is a case study research using a qualitative approach. The subjects of this study were students of fourth semester of the Mathematic Education Study Program. The method of data collection is by interview and solve question test. While the data analysis is done through data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that students' mathematical understanding in solving real 1 analysis questions in terms of cognitive style field dependent, namely students understand the problem by reading the problem, making an understood plan of completion and then completing the solution plan based on the understanding of previous learning, then checking the answers by rereading the question. Thus, students do not understand mathematically the test of solving real 1 analysis question given. Meanwhile, students' mathematical understanding in solving real 1 analysis questions in terms of cognitive style field independent, namely students understand the problem by reading the questions, making a solution plan that is understood and considered appropriate and then completes the plan based on the steps that have been made and understanding in previous learning then checks the answers by testing the solution steps. Thus, students do not understand mathematically the test of solving real 1 analysis question given even though students have completed the test and can explain the steps for solving it.
IDENTIFIKASI KESULITAN SISWA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL OPERASI HITUNG BILANGAN BULAT PADA SISWA SMP KRISTEN ENDE TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021/2022
Authors: Benge Yohana , Peni Natalia , Meke Konstantius Denny Pareira
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the difficulties of students and the factors experienced by students in solving addition and subtraction problems of integers in seventh grade students of Ende Christian Middle School. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques using diagnostic tests, interviews, and documentation. The subjects of the research were the eighteenth grade students of Ende Christian Middle School as many as 22 students who completed the diagnostic test questions, there were 5 students whose data was taken to conduct interviews. Data analysis was carried out through the stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. From the data from interviews conducted, it shows that in solving problems students do not understand the concept of addition and subtraction of integers, and it is difficult to convert story questions into mathematical models and the factors that cause difficulties experienced by students in solving problems are the lack of willingness to learn from within students. themselves, students are often lazy to learn mathematics, do not want to listen to the teacher's explanation when the lesson is in progress, students do not concentrate fully during teaching and learning activities, students are afraid to ask the teacher when they do not understand the material being taught, students always assume that mathematics is very difficult, students are not careful when working on questions.
Detection of Extracellular Enzymes Produced by Fungi Isolated from Dried Fruits
Authors: Alghalibi Saeed M.
Published: March 2023

Screening of 57 fungal isolates isolated from dried fruits for the production of lipase, cellulase, invertase, and protease showed that there is a variation in enzyme production not only among the different genera and species, but also among the different isolates in the same species. Thirty two of tested fungi (66%) belonging to A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, A. tamarii, Cochliobolus spicifer, Humicola insolens, F. oxysporium, P. glaprum, P. oxalicum, P. stekii, P. variabile and Phoma sp. had a high ability to produce lipase. Ten of tested isolates representing 24.39% of tested fungi had a moderate ability to produce cellulase enzyme. These isolates were belonging to Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. parasiticus, A. versicolor, Curvularia

lunata, Penicillium griseofulvum, P. oxalicum, P. stekii, P. variabile and Ulocladium atrum. Twenty seven isolates representing 37.64 % of

tested isolates belonging to A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. parasiticus, A. terreus, A. versicolor, Fusarium oxysporium, Mucor

fuscus, P. glaprum, P. griseofulvum, P. oxalicum, P. variabile, Phoma sp., and U. atrum were moderate invertase producers. Sixteen fungal

isolates representing 28.07 % of tested isolates were moderate protease producers, these isolates were belonging to A. flavus, A.

niger, A. terreus, A. tamarii, A. versicolor, C. lunata, F. oxysporium, H. insolens, P. corylophilum, P. griseofulvum, P. oxalicum, P. stekii,

P. vinaceum, Rhizopus stolonifer.
A Study on the Prevalence of Mange Among Arabian Camels in Najaf Province / Iraq
Authors: Ramahi H. M. , Khalaf A. M.
Published: March 2023

The study was carried out at Najaf abattoir and some nomadic areas,

for a period of five months , between January and May 2000 . A tota1

of (434) camels were examined clinically, and skin scrapings collected

from suspected animals for laboratory investigation. Sarcoptic mange

was diagnosed in (114) camels with an infestation rate of (25,

9%).The highest prevalence rate was recorded in January (38%), and

the lowest was in May (14.8%).

The main clinical findings observed included easlessness, intensive

itching, and the affected areas of the skin became hairless, thickened,

corrugated and grey in color. Regarding affected regions of the body

the highest incidence of mange lesions were recorded on the neck

(60.5%) and the lowest incidence were on the tail (5.2%).There were

no lesions observed on the hump.

Sex of animals showed no effect on the prevalence as well as the

severity of the disease. Regarding age, the higher prevalence rate of

the disease occurred in animals under 4 years of age.
التحري عن متبقيات المضادات الحيویة في اللحوم الحمراء وتأثير المعاملات الحراریة عليها
Authors: المشهداني ضاري عليوي
Published: March 2023

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى الكشف عن متبقيات المضادات الحيویة في اللحوم الحمراء الناتجة من الأبقѧار

والأغنام والمѧاعز المعروضѧة للبيѧع فѧي محѧلات بيѧع اللحѧوم فѧي مدینѧة ذمѧار ، ودراسѧة تѧأثير آѧل مѧن

التبرید والتجميد والطبخ على تواجد هذه المتبقيات.

شملت الدراسة (300 (ذبيحة وبواقع (100 (ذبيحة لكل من الأبقار والأغنام والماعز ، ومن آل ذبيحة

تم أخذ أربعة نماذج تمثل العضلات والكبد والكليتين والقلب .

أجѧري الفحѧص بأسѧتخدام الطریقѧة المایكروبایولوجيѧة المباشѧرة ، واسѧتعملت لهѧذه الدراسѧة جرثومѧة

subtilus Bacillus لاختѧـبار الكـــــѧشف عـــــѧـن متبقـــѧـيات المѧضادات الحيــــــѧـویة فــــѧـي هـѧـذه

الأنواع من اللحوم الحمراء .

أظهرت النتائج أن أعلى نسبه لتواجد متبقيات المضادات الحيویة آانت في ذبائح الأبقѧار تليهѧا الاغنѧام

ثم الماعز، حيث بلغت النسبة (5.8) ، (%0.6 (%و (3.4 (%على التوالي .

وأتѧѧضح مѧѧن الدراسѧѧة أن هنالѧѧك تѧѧأثيراً واضѧѧحاً لدرجѧѧة حѧѧرارة التبریѧѧد علѧѧى بعѧѧض المتبقيѧѧات مѧѧن

المѧضادات الحيویѧة المتواجѧدة فѧي اللحѧوم الحمѧراء ، فѧي حѧين لѧم تتѧأثر هѧذه المتبقيѧات بدرجѧة حѧرارة

التجميد ( – 18 مْ ) ولمدة (30 (یوماً .

وعند أجراء عملية الطبخ ( درجة الغليان ) ولمدة ( 60 ( دقيقة على العينات الموجبة لتواجѧد متبقيѧات

المضادات الحيویة لوحظ التأثير الواضح لهذه العملية على تلك المتبقيات .

وقد تمت مناقشة الأهمية الصحية لتواجد متبقيات المضادات الحيویة في اللحوم الحمراء والѧدور الѧذي

تقوم به هذه المتبقيات في إحداث الكثير من المخاطر الكبيرة على صѧحة الإنѧسان سѧواء تلѧك المخѧاطر

الناجمة عن التفاعلات السمية أو عن الحѧالات الѧســرطانية أو عѧن المقاومѧة الجرثوميѧة أو غيرهѧا مѧن

المخاطر الأخرى .
Etiological Spectrum of Obstructive Jaundice: "Our Experience in Two University Hospitals in Yemen"
Authors: Al-Bahlooli Saeed H. , Al-Bahlooli Mohammed A. H. , Shaban Mohammed A.
Published: March 2023

Background: Obstructive jaundice is a surgical emergency with preoperatively uncertain diagnosis. Its early diagnosis and treatment is important to avoid fatal complications.

Objective: to determine the etiology of obstructive jaundice.

Patients and methods: The data of patients, who were operated for obstructive jaundice at department of Surgery in Sana'a University Hospital and Thamar University Hospital between January 2004 and December 2008, were prospectively analyzed in relation to the causes of obstructive jaundice. The study included 134 patients (91 females and 43 males). Their ages varied from 8-90 years.

Results: Among 9 underlying causes of obstructive jaundice, the common bile duct stones were the most common cause, 68 patients (50.7%). Malignancies of pancreas and hepatobiliary tract came in the second place, 33 patients (24.6%), followed by 13 patients with stenosis of papilla of Vater (9.7%) and benign strictures of extrahepatic biliary ducts, 10 patients (7.4%).

Ascaris in common bile duct was found in 3 patients. Mirrizi's syndrome was found in 2 patients. Obstruction due to ruptured hydatid cyst was found in 2 patients. Two patients had amoebic liver abscesses One patient had pancreatic pseudocyst.

Conclusion: Obstructive jaundice of Yemeni patients in our series was most often due to common bile duct stones followed by malignancy of pancreas and hepatobiliary tract. Cancer of the pancreas was the most common malignant cause. Rare causes such as ascaris in common bile duct was detected. Cooperation between surgeon and radiologist is highly recommended
Mineralogical Composition of Some Iraqi Soil Samples
Authors: Al-Nuaimi Taha , AL-Bassam Khaldoun , Al-Hazaa Sawsan
Published: March 2023

Twenty five soil samples were collected from various parts of uncultivated areas in Iraq including Rabe'a, Mosul, Hatra, Beygee, Balad, Radhwnaia, Abu Graib, Wasit, Anbar and Basrah. These samples were examined by XRD to determine the mineral constituents. Clay fractions were separated for clay mineralogy.

The results showed that the clay minerals represent about 40% of the mineral constituents of the samples, dominated by montmorillonite, illite, palygorskite and chlorite having various proportions. The non-clay minerals are represented by calcite and dolomite which present as detrital grains and representing about 32% of the mineral constituents. Quartz comes with about 22% and feldspars with about 5%. The water-soluble salts in the soil samples varied according to the sampling location and represented about 0.3% on average, increasing from north to south.

The study showed the relation of the soil mineralogy with source rocks, and the most of the Iraqi soils are the results of erosion, weathering and transported by rivers. The authigenic minerals are locally precipitated from near-surface saline ground waters.
Study of 2-Amino-2-Methyl-1-Propanol Effect on Corrosion of Boiler Low Carbon Steel Pipes in Presence of Sodium Sulfite
Authors: Jafar Saad Ahmad
Published: March 2023

This paper studies the effect of 2-Amino-2-mthyl-1-propanol (C3H11NO) on corrosion behavior of boiler steel pipes with low carbon content at sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) in the additive mixtures form as oxygen scavengers in the boiler feed water.

Experiments were done at temperatures (100 - 150) ºC and pressures (5 - 9) × 101.3 KN/m² in cylinder autoclave with 7.4 ppm dissolved oxygen in used water, then the corrosion rate is measured by weight loss technique and the concentration of dissolved oxygen in feed water was determined before and after the experiment by Winkler method (Titration).

This analysis can provide valuable information for mixture scavengers and corrosion behavior on boiler steel pipes with range of used temperature and pressure. The better ratios found is 60 ppm for every one of amine and sulfite, with the best result in decreasing corrosion rate in acceptable way. The above mentioned ratio is optimal and recommended. This opens up the field for formulation synergetic packages of additives as O2 scavengers.

Keywords: Oxygen Scavenger, Na2SO3, C3H11NO, Boiler Steel Pipes, NA-Sulfite & 2-Amino-2-mthyl-1-propanor Additive Package
Study The Effect of Substitution Ag on behavior of The High Temperature of YBa2Cu3-xAgxO6.5+δ Superconductor
Authors: Faisal Widad  Mahmood
Published: March 2023

Solid state reaction used to prepared the high temperature superconductor of YBa2Cu3-xAgxO6.5+δ compounds, Ag was isovalent substitution Cu for (x=0.0, 0.15, 0.25, 0.35, 0.45). Iodometric titration used to determine the oxygen content in the samples. The value of O2 was varies from sample to another .The result of titration exhibited value of δ is increasing when increasing of concentration of Ag. The samples was analyzed by x-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns has been used to determine the purity of the used materials ,calculation of the lattice constants and determination of its phase .The study shows a high purity samples with an orthorhombic single phase ,resistivity measurement by four probe technique and morphological analysis by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).These parameters are the forming pressure of the pellets , the sintering temperature was 950oC for sintering time (30hours) with the flow of oxygen gas of about (1.25)L/min. The maximum Tc value was 94.2K for YBa2Cu5.5Ag0.45O6.5+δ, it is found Tc value increasing when increased x in the YBa2Cu3-xAgxO6.5+δ supercomputers.
Malignant Hypertension in the Al-Thawarah Hospital-Sana’a
Authors: Al-Zendani Aziz S.
Published: March 2023

Background: Malignant hypertension (MHTN) is characterized by very high blood pressure (BP), and organ damage. It is a complication of uncontrolled hypertension. Malignant hypertension requires immediate treatment and admission to the hospital to manage and control the high elevation of the blood pressure. Systemic hypertension is increasing in our society in recent years due to the changes in the lifestyle of the Yemenis and chewing Khat in large scale in most governments than before. Hypertension is a silent disease in which the majority of patients do not have symptoms. Lack of early detection, proper management of hypertension, routine medical check up and awareness of the society, lead to the malignant hypertension and its end organ damage.

Aim of the study: To study the clinical presentation and complications of the malignant hypertension in patients admitted to the cardiac centre at Al thawrah hospital (TMGH), Sanaa in one year time (May 2009-May 2010)

Method of the study: Descriptive Study including all patients admitted to the cardiac centre at TMGH, Sanaa with a diagnosis of MHTN between May 2009-May 2010.

Results: 16 cases were reported, with a mean age of 54.7± 7.8 years. 65.3% of them were male. A 62.5% (10 patients) discovered to have HTN on admission, and 37.5 % (6 patients) were presented with history of hypertension, only 2 of them (12.5%) were on antihypertension medication but with improper doses and 25% (4 patients) refused to take medications. The measurement of the systolic BP on admission showed 81.2% (13 cases) had systolic BP between 180-200 mmHg ,12.5% (2cases) were between 210-220 mmHg and 6.25%(1case) the reading was 240mmHg , 50% (8 patients) had a diastolic BP of 130 mmHg, 25% (4 cases) had >130mmHg and 18.7% (3 cases) was
Bacterial Etiology of Acquired Community Pneumonia Among Yemeni Patients Whose Diagnosed Clinically as A Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Authors: Al-Mahbashi Anas A. , Al-Mahdi Abdullah Y. , Al-Jaufy Ahmed Y.
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted to determine the incidence of bacterial pneumonia among Yemeni patients whose diagnosed clinically as a pulmonary tuberculosis infection attending the National Tuberculosis Control Center in Sana’a city, Yemen.

All patients were out patients and sent to the laboratory for laboratory investigation. Patient’s age ranged from 6 to 56 years and were from both sexes.

Three hundreds and eighty eight sputum samples were collected from the patients, stained and cultured on the appropriate media. Sociodemographic and health information were collected using questionnaire filled by the patients.

Results showed that the rate of infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis was 13/388 (3.4%) whereas the infection by bacterial pneumonia other than tuberculosis was 166/388 (42.8%).

Isolated bacterial etiologies were; Staphylococcus aureus (17.5%), Streptococcus pneumonia (12.4%), Klebsiella pneumonia (9.8%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.1%).

Pneumonia was most predominant among the age group 46-55 years and occurred more commonly among females (44%) than males (41.4%). There was statistically significant correlation between family size and pneumonia infection but the correlation between pneumonia and other predisposing illness like diabetes mellitus, arthritis, Kidney and liver diseases were not significant.
A Proposed Model for Focused Crawling and Automatic Text Classification of Online Crime Web Pages
Authors: Hazaa Muneer A. S. , Ba-Alwi Fadl M. , Albared Mohammed
Published: March 2023

With the exponential growth of textual information available from the Internet, there has been an emergent need to find relevant, in-time and in-depth knowledge about crime topic. The huge size of such data makes the process of retrieving and analyzing and use of the valuable information in such texts manually a very difficult task. In this paper, we attempt to address a challenging task i.e. a crawling and classification of crime-specific knowledge on the Web. To do that, a model for online crime text crawling and classification is introduced. First, a crime-specific web crawler is designed to collect web pages of crime topic from the news websites. In this crawler, a binary Naive Bayes classifier is used for filtering crime web pages from others. Second, a multi-classes classification model is applied to categorize the crime pages into their appropriate crime types. In both steps, several feature selection methods are applied to select the most important features. Finally, the model has been evaluated on manually labeled corpus and also on online real world data. The experimental results on manually labeled corpus indicate that Naive Bayes with mutual information and odd ratio feature selection methods can accurately distinguish crime web pages from others with an F1 measure of 0.99. In addition, the experimental results also show that the Naive Bayes classification models can accurately classify crime documents to their appropriate crime types with Macro-F1 measure of 0.87. Our results also on online real word data show that the focused crawler with two-level classification is very effective for gathering high-quality collections of crime Web documents and also for classifying them.
Synthesis, Characterization and Study of DC Electrical Conductivity of Poly[MWCNT/Ester] Composites
Authors: Al-Shuja’a Omar , Obeid Abeer O. , Al-Shekeil Yousif A.
Published: March 2023

The Poly [MWCNT/ester] composites were synthesized by solution blending method from reacted MWCNT-COOH with Hydroquinone (HQ), Catechol (CA) and Ethylene glycol (EG).The obtained poly-composites were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, XRD, TEM, SEM, TGA, D
Rare Infantile Inguinal Hernia Containing Uterus, Fallopian Tubes and Ovaries
Authors: Al-Bahlooli Saeed H.
Published: March 2023

The presence of ovaries and fallopian tubes in the sac of female inguinal hernia is rare especially in childhood. However; complete herniation of the uterus side by side with ovaries and tubes constitutes extreme rarity. We herein present a 6-years old female patient whose inguinal hernia contains uterus in addition to ovaries and fallopian tubes. The aim of this report is to attract attention of the surgeons to this rare possibility during surgical management of hernia in order to avoid the likely damage to herniated structures.
رؤية مستقبلية لاستراتيجية التنمية العمرانية لمديرية عتمة محافظة ذمار - اليمن
Authors: يفاعة أحمد محمد
Published: March 2023

يأتي هذا البحث ليناقش مجموعة من الرؤى والتصورات لاستراتيجية التنمية العمرانية في مديرية عتمة, محافظة ذمار, الجمهورية اليمنية اعتمادا على الدراسات والبيانات والمعلومات والإحصاءات, سواء من الجهات الرسمية ذات العلاقة أو من الدراسات والأبحاث التي تناولت بعض الجوانب المتعلقة بموضوع البحث.

ويهدف البحث إلى وضع الملامح الأساسية والخطوط العريضة لرؤية مستقبلية لاستراتيجية التنمية العمرانية لمديرية عتمة بناءٌ على دراسة وتحليل كافة الأنشطة والمقومات الاقتصادية التي تتمتع بها المديرية, والعمل على الاستفادة من المقومات والإمكانات الطبيعية والاقتصادية بهدف تحقيق التوازن بين عدد السكان والموارد المتاحة, وتوفير الخدمات للمجتمع, والارتقاء بالقائم منها مع مراعاة حماية البيئة الطبيعية وتحقيق التوازن البيئي في المديرية.

وقد اعتمدت منهجية البحث على:

- دراسة وتحليل الأنشطة الاقتصادية (زراعية, سياحية, تنوع بيئي وثروة حيوانية).

- دراسة أهم المشاكل التي تعيق عملية التنمية, وذلك من خلال جمع وتحليل المعلومات والبيانات حول الوضع الراهن من كافة الجهات الحكومية والمنظمات ذات العلاقة.

- دراسة الاعتبارات الرئيسية لإنشاء التجمعات العمرانية.

- دراسة الإمكانات المتاحة وتحديد المشاريع اللازمة وطرق التمويل بالإضافة إلى توجهات التنمية العمرانية بالمديرية (المركز والمخاليف).
"ESCHATOLOGICAL THEMES IN ISLAMIC STATE PROPAGANDA MIHAI MURARIU"
Authors:   West University of Timișoara, Murariu Mihai
Published: March 2023

This paper will focus on an important but otherwise underresearched change which gradually occurred in the propaganda efforts of Islamic State – namely its transition from an emphasis on eschatological immediacy to one of generational struggle, whilst pointing to the propaganda magazines Dabiq and Rumiyah. By making an effective use of modern communication strategies and eschatological themes, the movement signals its total commitment to its worldview and to the challenge it represents for all those outside of it.
"REVIVAL OF THE TRADITIONAL CULTURE OF BANAT IN THE DIGITAL ERA – CADE STUDY: THE DOWRY CHEST FESTIVAL"
Authors:   Ioan Slavici University Timișoara, Marincu Popa Adela
Published: March 2023

In the modern era and in the context of globalization, communities are rediscovering the value and importance of traditional anchors offered by local tradition. In the specific case of popular culture, it manages to combine the fundamental elements that give sense of community and belonging, overcrowded living conditions of information and influence because of the accessibility offered online. This paper addresses the ways "Dowry Chest" Festival in Timis county showcase traditional cultural heritage of Banat and its projection in cyberspace through digital communication channels.
"ZUR SPRACH- UND KULTURVERMITTLUNG DURCH INTERKULTURELLE BEGEGNUNGEN ANHAND VON FACE-TOFACE CONTACTS, ETHNOGRAPHY, TANDEM LERNEN, NETZ- UND MEDIENGESTÜTZTEN LEHR- UND LERNPROZESSEN UND KULTURSENSIBILISIERENDEN METHODEN "
Authors:   Politehnica University Timişoara, Ruthner Andreea Rodica
Published: March 2023

Ob der Kontakt zu fremdkulturellen Gemeinschaften im Rahmen von Auslandsaufenthalten anhand von persönlichen interkulturellen Treffen (face-to-face contacts und face-to-face Tandem Lernen) aufgenommen wird oder mithilfe virtueller Interaktionsformen, d.h. in virtuellen Klassenräumen und in Internetforen, durch Videoconferencing, Videoarbeit oder e-mail-Tandem-Lernen hergestellt wird, ermöglicht er jedes Mal interkulturelle Lernprozesse. Von den erwähnten methodischen Vorschlägen sind viele eher in heterogenen Gruppen wirksam, in Rumänien arbeiten jedoch Lehrer für gewöhnlich mit kulturell homogenen Lerngruppen, deswegen sind interkulturelle Vermittlungsmodelle in diesem Fall von besonderer Bedeutung.
MEDIA LITERACY AS A 21ST KEY COMPETENCE. A CASE STUDY OF ROMANIA.
Authors:   Tibiscus University of Timisoara, Rotaru Ileana
Published: March 2023

This study argues the necessity of implementation of media literacy in schools by interpreting media literacy in relation to 'communication' and knowledge and information society, which are included in the key competences of European Union. In the Romanian educational system, the media literacy competence is not aimed in any educational curriculum. Few efforts have been made in the past ten years, efforts initiated by the civil society experts and not adapted to the national curriculum yet. Based on the literature review and on the content analyses of the national curriculum, this study contrived media literacy strands and standards including performance objectives and basic teaching and learning contents. By theoretically systemizing media literacy, this study is expected to promote the understandings of media literacy in schools and promote its implementations in the classrooms.
The quantum nature of the weak interaction
Authors:   University of Tübingen, Germany, Blau Melissa
Published: March 2023

From the fundamental noνα = 1 formula, the up quark was identified as an exchange particle based on its mass, which implies that the particle is newly formed and not, as the current theory says, transformed from the d quark through ß-decay. The quark rotation most possibly imparts a fast oscillatory rotation to the quarks (weak interaction), which in turn imparts the rotation to the nucleon. The transferred rotation is partially decoupled from the quarks, which means that the transferred rotation velocity does not depend on the oscillation velocity of the quark structure, but on its radius r, where r is the virtual quantized radius of the quark rotation or quark oscillation. In case of the week interaction, when the quarks begin to oscillate, the rotation is partially decoupled from the individual quarks and transferred to the triple quark structure in the transverse direction to the main axis of rotation. From this, a unified formula for the gravitation and EM forces could be deduced.
Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Pelaksanaan Arisan Kurban Studi Kasus Di Desa Pamijahan Kecamatan Pamijahan Kabupaten Bogor
Authors: Armen Rio Erismen , Mualim Mualim , Rukiah Rukiah
Published: March 2023

Saat ini berkembang ada satu tradisi di mana masyarakat melakukan arisan agar dapat melaksanakan ibadah kurban, mengigat bahwa ibadah kurban memerlukan biaya yang tidak sedikit. Salah satunya adalah seperti yang dipraktikkan oleh masyarakat di Desa Pamijahan Kecamatan Pamijahan Kabupaten Bogor. Mereka telah melaksanakan kegiatan arisan kurban tersebut sejak tahun 2018. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan arisan kurban dan bagaimana tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap pelaksanaan arisan kurban yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di Desa Pamijahan Kecamatan Pamijahan Kabupaten Bogor.

Metode penelitian yang diambil yaitu metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Jenis penelitian yang akan diambil yaitu penelitian lapangan (field research). penelitian ini sumber data yang akan digunakan adalah  sumber data primer dan sumber data sekunder sekaligus. Sumber data primer berupa wawancara, dokumen dan dokumentasi. Sumber data sekunder berupa buku-buku, jurnal yang berkitan dengan arisan kurban. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Adapun analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mereduksi data, mendisplay data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.

Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah menurut Hukum Islam terhadap pelaksanaan arisan kurban oleh masyarakat di Desa Pamijahan Kecamatan Pamijahan Kabupaten Bogor ini fasad (rusak) karena terdapat permasalahan yang berkaitan dengan objek akad yaitu hewan kurban, objek tersebut dinilai tidak memenuhi syarat dalam perjajian (akad) karena adannya kenaikan harga hewan kurban setiap tahunnya sehingga menimbulkan penambahan dan perbedaan yang tidak menentu pada iuran setiap anggota hal ini bisa menimbulkan sifat riba dan gharar.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP INKONSISTENSI GAMBAR PRODUK DENGAN WUJUD ASLI DALAM JUALAN ONLINE DI PLATFORM LAZADA
Authors: Zulkifli Zulkifli , Yustiloviani Yustiloviani
Published: March 2023

Studi ini mengkaji tentang kesesuaian foto produk dengan wujud aslinya dalam jualan online di platform Lazada. Permasalahannya adalah cideranya unsur kerelaan dalam akad jual beli ketika barang yang diterima oleh pemesan tidak sesuai dengan wujud aslinya. Dari permasalahan ini muncul pertanyaan penelitian bagaimana bentuk-bentuk inkonsistensi foto pruduk dengan wujud aslinya di platform Lazada dan bagaimana tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap inkonsistensi antara foto produk dengan wujud asli tersebut? Penelitian ini adalah penelitian lapangan (field research), dalam bentuk data penelitian kualitatif, dengan pendekatan observasi dan dokumentasi. Analisis data disajikan dengan naratif kualitatif, dikaitkan dengan data-data ynag relevan dengan tema yang diteliti, sehingga kevalidan ditemukan melalui perbandingan antara satu sumber dengan sumber yang lain untuk tema yang sama. Hasil penelitian bahwa kasus ketidaksesuaian foto gambar dan wujud asli produk dalam jualan online di platform Lazada pada segmentasi pakaian itu terjadi real bukan hanya hipotesa peneliti saja. Terjadi feedback keluhan konsumen kepada para penjual di platform Lazada dari mulai keluhan adanya ketidaksesuaian ukuran, warna, bentuk, dan bahan yang berbeda dengan yang ada di deskripsi foto gambar. Transaksi yang terjadi dalam jual beli online secara keseluruhan sudah memenuhi syarat sahnya jual beli online, tetapi transaksi jual beli online yang terjadi di platform Lazada pada segmentasi pakaian tidak sah karena adanya syarat sah jual beli yang tidak terpenuhi dalam syarat benda yang diperjual belikan (muslam fiih).
Pengaruh Zakat Terhadap Kegiatan Usaha dan Kesejahteraan Mustahik
Authors: Hafizd Jefik Zulfikar
Published: March 2023

BAZNAS Kabupaten Kuningan memiliki beberapa program salah satunya yaitu program ekonomi. Sasarannya fakir dan miskin. BAZNAS mempunyai LPEM (Lembaga Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Mustahik) yang tugasnya khusus menyalurkan dibidang ekonomi programnya yang sedang dijalani yaitu pemberdayaan para pengusaha kecil melalui program Z-Mart (Zakat Mart) yaitu BAZNAS mempunyai ritel sehingga para mustahik yang mempunyai warung dan mereka kekurangan modal, BAZNAS membantu agar mereka dapat meningkatkan omzetnya sehingga yang tadinya mustahik bisa menjadi muzakki dikemudian hari. Adanya permasalah yang terjadi yaitu pengaruh zakat mart terhadap kegiatan usaha dan kesejahteraan mustahik. Dengan tujuan ingin mengetahui pengaruh zakat mart terhadap kegiatan usaha dan kesejahteraan mustahik.Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan mencocokan antara realita dan empiric dengan teori yang berlaku dengan menggunakan metode lapangan. Zakat mempunyai pengaruh besar terhadap kesejahteraan mustahik, artinya dana Zakat yang disalurkan kepada masyarakat/mustahik berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan mustahik dan pertumbuhan kegiatan usaha di Kabupaten Kuningan.
Studi Komparatif Antara Hukum Islam dan Hukum Positif Terhadap Akad Tabarru’ dan Mudharabah pada Asuransi Syariah
Authors: Bakri Mukhlis
Published: March 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) pandangan hukum Islam terhadap akad tabarru’ dan mudharabah pada asuransi syariah (2) pandangan hukum positif terhadap akad tabarru’ dan mudharabah pada asuransi syariah (3) komparasi penerapan akad tabarru’ dan mudharabah pada asuransi syariah dalam tinjauan hukum Islam dan hukum Positif. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kepustakaan (library research), dimana penulis mengumpulkan data dan informasi yang bersumber dari data-data kepustakaan seperti buku, jurnal, kitab dan artikel. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode dokumentasi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis data induktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hukum penerapan akad tabarru’ dan mudharabah pada asuransi syariah tidak bertentangan dengan prinsip syariah, adapun hukum positif yang mengatur tentang Perasuransian adalah Undang-Undang N0. 20 Tahun 2014, tetapi Undang-Undang tersebut masih perlu pengawasan dari Fatwa DSN MUI. Hukum Islam dan hukum positif tentang asuransi syariah sama-sama memiliki tujuan untuk saling tolong menolong, namun pada proses akad dan administrasinya berbeda, kedua hukum tersebut tidak memiliki kekuatan dalam hukum nasional karena dalam Undang-Undang tidak dituliskan secara rinci tentang operasional asuransi syariah yang harus dijalankan, hanya memuat pengertian asuransi syariah saja.
Pre-departure psychological distress, depression, anxiety, stress and perception of risk factors at workplace among migrant workers of Nepal: A pilot study
Authors: Poudel Om Prakash , Thapa Bijay , Bhandary Shital
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Migration is a stressful process and perception regarding risk factors at workplace can impact the mental health of migrant workers early from pre-departure phase. Around 23% percent of returnee migrants of Nepal reported having mental problems. Yet, only few researches were conducted on the mental health of Nepali migrant workers during pre-departure phase and this study aims to fill that gap.

Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 39 migrant workers during the pre-departure phase to measure the level of psychological distress, depression, anxiety and stress. It was also used to validate the locally developed pre-departure risk factor perception scale (PD-RFPS) at workplace. Validated DASS-21 and PD-RFPS tools in Nepali language were self-administered in two pre-departure orientation institutes of Kathmandu valley. Consensus index was used to summarize the perception of migrant workers on the possible risk factors at workplace.

Result: Prevalence of psychological distress, depression, anxiety and stress were identified as 28.21%, 35.9%, 41.03% and 20.51% respectively. The DASS-21 scale and sub-scales were found to have good internal consistencies. DASS-Depression and DASS-Anxiety subscales showed concurrent validity with Beckâ€™s Depression Inventory (BAI) and Beckâ€™s Anxiety Inventory (BAI). The PD-RFPS tool also showed good internal construct reliability. Migrant workers perceived differently about the risk factors at workplace as consensus index ranged between 41.61% and 73.96%.

Conclusion: Prevalence of psychological distress, depression, anxiety and stress among the migrant workers at pre-departure phase suggests the presence of symptoms of mental health problems. It also warrants further study with large sample size and representative sampling methods.
Knowledge and attitude of visitor on triage system in emergency room at Patan hospital, Nepal
Authors: Rijal Suraj , Adhikari Sunil
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Though Triage is a crucial part of every modern emergency room, it is not well informed to patient parties which sometimes create a problem. Emergency triage is the process by which patient is classified according to the type and urgency of their conditions to get the right patient to the right place at the right time with the right care provider. It effectively reduces the manpower in the resource poor settings like ours and helps to decrease the crowd. The most important part of it is it helps to identify sick patient early with prompt initiation of adequate management, thus decreasing mortality and morbidity of the patients. Contrary to its importance, its knowledge to visitors is very low.

Method: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study carried out in Patan Hospital Emergency Room for two and half monthâ€™s duration. The sample size is 384 participants. It is a self structured questionnaire study done on patient parties who met the inclusion criteria. Stratified random sampling was carried out by dividing participants into three strata viz. morning, evening and night shifts.

Results: Total 384 participants were given self structured knowledge and attitude questions and descriptive analysis done using SPSS-17. There seems to be a fair association between the correct answers and the different variables used. Education level of the participants, age, address, religion and previous visit to emergency room have positive association with the knowledge and attitude of the participants about triage.

Conclusion: The knowledge and attitude of the visitor about triage is fairly good contrary to assumption probably due to limitations. In spite of the importance of the triage, we have done too little to educate about triage and its importance to the patient parties.
Pneumonia a major pediatric disease admitted from emergency department of Patan Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Sitaram
Published: March 2023

Introduction: In Nepal, annual incidence of pneumonia in under- five years children is 90/1000. So, this study is done to see thepediatric admission from emergency with the diagnosis of pneumonia in comparison to other admitting diagnosis.

Method: This is a hospital based retrospective and descriptive study seeing the pediatric admission through emergency from April 2017 to March 2018. This study was conducted at department of general practice and emergency medicine department of Patan Academy of Health Sciences.

Result: During one year period 39349 patients had visited emergency department and among them 5951(15%) got admission in different wards of this hospital and among all admitted patients, 887 got admitted to pediatric department, which is 2.2% of the total patients visiting emergency and 14.9% of admitted patients. Respiratory problem was the most common cause of admission 257(28.9%) amongst all pediatric admission

Conclusion: Pneumonia was the most common cause of hospital admission in this study.
Comparison of CURB 65 and SCAP score in predicting outcome of CAP: A single center study
Authors: Sharma Lucky , Pant Subash , Neopane Arpana
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Community acquired pneumonia is one of the leading cause of death. CURB-65 and SCAP score are tools to measure the severity of disease. CURB-65 uses relatively less variables than SCAP in scoring, this study is designed to measure the usefulness of both score in predicting outcome in our context.

Method: This is descriptive, cross sectional quasi experimental study conducted in Kathmandu Medical College teaching hospital from July 2012 December 2012. Patient more than 18 years were scored and with CURB-65 and SCAP score and followed to see the outcome. Sensitivity and specificity was calculated. Both scores were compared for outcome using McNemerâ€™s test.

Result: Total 127 patient with mean age of 57 years were included. Total number of patient included in the study was 127 Mean age of patient was 57.66 years with two standard deviation of 19.46 years. Mortality rate was 5.5%. Male were 48(37.8%) and female were 79(62.2%). There was positive correlation with both CURB-65 (0.19, p=0.02) and SCAP (0.18, p=0.04) score on level of care required at hospital. There was no difference between CURB 65 and SCAP score in predicting outcome (p>0.05).

Conclusion: There was no significant difference between predicting outcome with CURB-65 and SCAP score. Though CURB-65 uses less variables than SCAP score, it is equally effective in predicting the outcome or severity of disease.
Evaluating maternal mortality ratios of Nepal with 2003 Nepal world health survey estimates
Authors: Bhandary Shital
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Maternal mortality is an important indicator for womenâ€™s health. It is estimated as pregnancy related maternal mortality ratio (PRMR) in Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHS). However, 2011 National Population and Household Census (NPHC) gave a very high estimate of this indicator and challenged the 1996 and 2006 NDHS estimates. This warrants the evaluation of these estimates using another reliable source and this study aims to fill that gap.

Method: The 2003 Nepal World Health Survey (WHS) data files were used to get PRMR for 1995-2002. SPSS syntax was used to create sibling history to compute PRMR for the country. Standard error was computed to get 95% confidence interval (CI) and compare it with NDHS and NPHC estimates. 

Result: Data quality of sibling history was found to be reliable for getting maternal mortality estimates as age and age at death data was good. Adjusted PRMR of 285 was obtained for 1996-2002 with 95% CI of 161-391. This CI overlapped for 2006 NDHS estimate but it did not overlap the 1996 NDHS and 2011 NPHC estimates. 

Conclusion: PRMR from 2003 Nepal WHS were found to be consistent with 1996 and 2006 NDHS as per reported confidence intervals but it was not consistent with the 2011 NPHC estimate. As NPHC used indirect method due to poor data quality of observed deaths and live births, it cannot be considered as a reliable estimate of PRMR. Thus, it is recommended to use surveillance based methods to get valid and reliable estimate of PRMR and MMR for Nepal.

Key words: Maternal Mortality, World Health Survey, Demographic and Health Survey, Census, Nepal
Capillary refill time vs serum lactate measurement in septic shock patients: Which is better in Emergency department?
Authors: Adhikari Sunil
Published: March 2023

Clinical Question: Does the use of a resuscitation strategy that targets normalization of capillary refill time compared with a strategy that targets serum lactate levels reduce mortality among patients in septic shock?

Article Chosen: Glenn HernÃ¡ndez, Gustavo A. Ospina-TascÃ³n, Lucas Petri Damiani et al.  Effect of a Resuscitation Strategy Targeting Peripheral Perfusion Status vs Serum Lactate Levels on 28 Day Mortality Among Patients with Septic Shock. The ANDROMEDA-SHOCK Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2019;321(7):654-664.1

Objective: The studyâ€™s objective was to determine if a resuscitation strategy guided by peripheral perfusion using capillary refill time was superior to lactate-guided resuscitation among adults admitted to the intensive care unit with early septic shock.

Conclusion: Assessing capillary refill time is an age-old easy manner to assess tissue perfusion. It is more applicable to our settings where lactate measurement may not be available in all health centres and assessing capillary refill time can guide us in resuscitation and reduce mortality together with or without serum lactate measurement.
The clinical profile, etiology and short term outcome of neonatal seizures at Patan Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Kansakar Prerana
Published: March 2023

Introduction: The incidence of seizure is as high as 5/1000 live births and the mortality rate can be up to 15%. So this study was conducted to find out the clinical profile, causes and immediate outcome of neonatal seizures at Patan Hospital. Methods: In this retrospective study, all neonates (aged 0-28 days) with seizure admitted to Patan Hospital over a period of one year from January 2015 to December 2015 were included. The data were obtained from hospital records and analyzed using SPSS 12. Results: There were 32 cases of neonatal seizures admitted over the period of one year out of which 23 were born at Patan Hospital. The incidence of neonatal seizure was 2.9 cases of per 1000 live birth. Among neonates with seizure, 63% were male, 81% were term and 69% were of birth weight more than 2500gm. The cause of seizure was hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in 25% of cases and no cause could be found in 15% of cases. Phenobarbitone alone controlled seizure in more than 50% of cases. The mortality rate was 9.3% with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy being the most common cause. Conclusion: The most common cause of neonatal seizure is hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and is also the leading cause of death in neonates with seizure. Therefore improvement in healthcare during the delivery of newborns can decrease the incidence and death due to neonatal seizure.
Factors affecting post-partum amenorrhea in Nepalese women
Authors: Shrestha Ira , Bhandary Shital
Published: March 2023

Introduction: Postpartum Amenorrhea (PPA) is important method of birth control and birth spacing especially in developing countries. Following a live birth, a woman generally experiences a 6-week period of amenorrhea related to the hormonal concomitants of pregnancy but not much work has been done in Nepal regarding the effects of various demographic factors and socioeconomic statuses of women on their postpartum amenorrhea.

Methods: This study was based on the 2011 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) datasets. The duration of PPA was the response variable whereas key demographic and socio-economic variables of women and her children were explanatory variables. Since PPA period was not defined for some of women as they were still going through the PPA at the time of the survey, their data were censored. Therefore, survival analysis techniques: Life Tables and Semi-Parametric Hazard (Cox) Models were used.

Results: All the demographic and socio-economic variables except the sex of child had statistically different median PPA durations. The bivariate cox models also revealed similar result in terms of relative risk associated with the reference categories. However, multivariate cox model revealed breast feeding, parity, birth interval, survival of the child, education of the mother and wealth quintile of the mother influenced the PPA after controlling the effect of other variables.

Conclusions: This study revealed that longer the duration of breastfeeding, greater the delay in the return of menstrual cycle. Survival of child was the most important indicator for PPA among Nepalese women. The gender of the child and place of residence did not make any difference with respect to PPA. Mothers with birth interval of 3-4 years had lesser risk of return of monthly cycle.