bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parametric Dependence and Characterization of Laser Brazed Copper-Stainless Steel Joints
Authors: Lal Sohan , Paul C.P. , Premsingh C.H. , Bhargava P. , Mishra S.K. , Raghuvanshi V.K. , Kukreja L.M. , Deb S.K.
Published: November 2012

Joining of dissimilar metals leading to better material utilization with improved functionality encouraged the research thrust on various dissimilar material joining processes including laser brazing. This papers reports the development of laser brazing joints and their characterization for 3 mm thick Cu sheet with 3 mm thick AISI 316L stainless steel (SS) sheet in butt joint configuration using 63Ag-35.25Cu-1.75Ti active brazing foil as filler metal. Comprehensive experiments were carried out to identify the optimum processing parameters for controlled simultaneous heating of the filler metal and sh-7eets by laser beam resulting in melting of the filler metal without melting Cu and SS sheets. Using this methodology, a number of brazed joints were successfully prepared at different set of processing parameters. The brazed joints were subjected to various non-destructive (visual and dye-penetrant test) and destructive (microscopic examination, energy dispersive spectroscopy, four point bend testing etc.) characterization techniques. The results demonstrated that laser energy per unit length of 100 J/m is threshold limit for feasibility of brazing process for selected metal and thickness combination. Microscopic studies of transverse section of laser brazed joint showed full penetration across the thickness without the melting of parent metals. EDS studies showed the diffusion of filler material (Ag) more towards the Cu sheet as compared to that of SS sheet. Four point bend test showed that the alignment of laser beam-metal joint was critical for the brazing joint strength and improved joint strength was achieved when the beam was at the centre of the brazing joint. A maximum joint strength of 343.7 MPa was achieved for laser power of 550 W at scan speed of 3 mm/min.
Developing and Characterizing Polyurethane-Nanoclay Coatings for Better Scratch & Mar Resistance
Authors: Verma Gaurav , Kaushik Anupama , Ghosh Anup K.
Published: November 2012

A combined processing scheme is used to develop polyurethane (PU) coatings with a nanoclay in three different weight percentages (1, 3 and 5 wt %). TEM of polymer-nanoclay suspensions shows exfoliation, intercalation and even agglomeration of clay layers. XrD studies also indicate expansion in gallery spacing of nanoclay layers in PU coatings. Improvement in scratch and mar resistance occurs, although the gloss values are reduced to some extent. Coating properties show improvement with addition of less than 3wt% clays.
Corrosion Resistance of a New Cu-Alloy (Low Ni) vis-à-vis Cu-10Ni Alloy in Sulfide Polluted Synthetic Seawater
Authors: Khan Adeeba F. , Patil Awanikumar P. , Rao T. Subba
Published: November 2012

Cu-10Ni alloy suffers accelerated corrosion in sulfide polluted seawater. As an alternative, a new single phased, Cu-28%Zn-5%Ni-5%Mn-2%Fe alloy (hereby referred as CNZ-alloy) is developed and tested for the corrosion resistance in clean and sulfide polluted synthetic seawater. The CNZ-alloy showed better corrosion resistance than the standard Cu-10Ni alloy in both the test solutions i.e. clean and sulfide polluted synthetic seawater with . The results are discussed on the basis of polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The better corrosion resistance of CNZ-alloy is attributed to the formation of protective ZnS and MnS2 films.
Effect of Plasma Treatment on Surface Properties of Polymeric Membrane
Authors: Saber Jasim Awatif , Ibrahim Khaleel Khalaf , Abdul Kareem Ahmed Muhamad , Y K Vijay , Surve Sachin
Published: November 2012

In the present work the effect of plasma treatment has been used to improve the surface properties of polymeric membranes. The polymeric membranes of polycarbonate (PC) were synthesized using solution cast method. The plasma treatment was done in high vacuum chamber using nitrogen gas and the pressure for the plasma treatment was » 10-2 mbar. The effect of plasma treatment on surface properties like morphology, roughness, wettability and optical properties has been characterized using optical microscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy for different time of plasma treatment.
Effect of Micro-Size Cenosphere Content on Friction and Dry Sliding Wear Behavior of Vinylester Composites – A Taguchi Method
Authors: Chauhan S.R. , Thakur Sunil
Published: November 2012

In this paper the friction and wear characteristics of vinylester and vinylester composites have been investigated under dry sliding conditions for different applied normal load, sliding speed and sliding distance. The experiments have been carried on a pin on disc arrangement at normal room temperature conditions. The influence of friction and wear parameters like normal load, speed, sliding distance and percentage of filler content on the friction and wear rate has been investigated. In this study, a plan of experiments based on the techniques of Taguchi was performed to acquire data in a controlled way. An orthogonal array L27 (313) and Analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to investigate the influence of process parameters on the coefficient of friction and sliding wear behaviour of these composites. The Taguchi design of experiment approach eliminates the need for repeated experiments and thus saves time, material and cost. The results showed that with increase in the applied normal load and sliding speed the coefficient of friction and specific wear rate decreases under dry sliding conditions. It is also found that a thin film formed on the counterface seems to be effective in improving the tribological characteristics. The results showed that the inclusion of cenosphere as filler materials in vinylester composites will increase the wear resistance of the composite significantly.
Improving the Tribological Properties of Mg Based AZ31 Alloy Using Friction Stir Processing
Authors: Arora H.S. , Singh Harpreet , Dhindaw Brij Kumar , Grewal Harpreet S.
Published: November 2012

Materials with improved tribological properties have become the pre-requisite of advanced engineering design. Surface metal matrix composites (SMMCs) exhibit a unified combination of good tribological properties and high toughness of the interior bulk metal when compared with monolithic materials. Friction stir processing, a microstructure modification technique, has emerged as one of the processes used for fabrication of SMMCs. Commercial cast or wrought type Mg–Al–Zn AZ-series alloys, such as AZ91, AZ61 or AZ31 with 3–9 wt.% Al and 1 wt.% Zn, have been widely used in automobiles or electronic appliances. Due to low percentage of alloying elements/second phase elements in these alloys, the grain refinement and hence the mechanical properties such as hardness cannot be appreciably enhanced. In this study, FSP was used to fabricate AZ31 based nanocomposite using TiC as reinforcement. FSP was performed at a fixed volume fraction of TiC under varying cooling conditions. Tribological performance of the fabricated composite was investigated using pin-on-disc wear test arrangement. The analysis of the wear surfaces as well as wear debris analysis was done using SEM equipped with EDS. The fabricated composite was found to exhibit superior wear resistance.
Hardness and Wear Behavior of CoO Doped Fe-Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) Synthesized via Powder Metallurgy (P/M) Technique
Authors: Gupta Pallav , Kumar Devendra , Parkash Om , Jha A.K.
Published: November 2012

In the present paper results of investigations on addition of cobalt oxide in the Fe-Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composite (MMC) synthesized via Powder Metallurgy (P/M) technique on phase, microstructure and mechanical characteristics are reported. X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy, density, hardness and wear measurement were used for characterization. XRD and SEM reveal that addition of cobalt oxide addition retards the formation of iron aluminate phase. Mechanical properties investigated include hardness and wear respectively. The measurement of wear of the specimens was done at a constant sliding velocity of 4 m/sec and under a load of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 Kg. A correlation behavior was set up between the hardness and wear behavior of the composite specimens. It was found that due to non reactive sintering the hardness of the specimens was low and wear was high in comparison to undoped Fe-Al2O3 MMC specimens. However, the ductility was improved and overall mechanical behavior of specimens was significantly improved.
Evaluation and Development of Economically Viable Coatings for Erosion Protection of Hydroturbines
Authors: Grewal Harpreet S. , Singh Harpreet , Agrawal Anupam , Arora Harpreet S.
Published: November 2012

Hydrotubines do face regular exposure to cavitating environment, causing damage to guide vanes, impeller, nozzle, buckets and spear. Quite a large number of surface modification techniques have been employed to counter such a deleterious effect. Among these large numbers of techniques, thermal spray coatings has been mostly focused and studied. In the present work one such technique has been opted for study. Selection of coating technique and composition was made keeping their economical viability in mind. Hardness and toughness have been identified as significant factors effecting cavitation erosion of materials. In-depth analysis of erosion mechanism of coated and un-coated samples was undertaken using SEM/EDS, micro-hardness tester and XRD. Erosion mechanism of steel was mainly plastic deformation, whereas in case of coating, (i) lack of adhesion between splats (ii) lower toughness of alumina (iii) loosely bonded un-melted alumina particles, were dominant factor controlling the erosion mechanism of coating.
Defect Depth Quantification Using Pulsed Thermography
Authors: Sharath D. , Menaka M. , Venkatraman B.
Published: November 2012

Pulsed Thermography is an advanced NDE technique which is becoming popular due to fast inspection rate, non contact nature and it gives full field image. Pulsed Thermography is successfully applied for defect detection, defect depth estimation, coating thickness evaluation and delamination detection in coatings but it is limited for evaluation of subsurface defects (of the order of few mm). In this paper we discuss the application of Pulsed Thermography for defect quantification and effect of defect size on it in AISI 316 grade SS which are important structural materials used in nuclear and other industries. Log First Derivative method is considered for defect depth quantification and the results are compared with Finite Difference Modeling carried out using ThermoCalc 6L software.
Study on Lüders Deformation in Welded Mild Steel Using Infrared Thermography and Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Srinivasan N. , Raghu N. , Venkatraman B.
Published: November 2012

Studies on characterizing heterogeneous deformations in many materials under different loading conditions using imaging NDE techniques like Infrared thermography (IRT) and Digital image correlation (DIC) began in the last decade and have been reported by many researchers. This work aims in experimental investigation of one such heterogeneous deformation namely Lüders band phenomenon in welded IS 2062 E250-B mild steel during monotonic, uniaxial tensile testing using IRT and DIC. Also attempt has been made to study the generation of pre-yield microstrain in welded material. An understanding of nucleation and propagation of Lüders band in welded specimen is made based on temperature and strain changes.
Synthesis and Analysis of High Surface Area Vanadium Carbide Nanoparticles
Authors: Mahajan M. , Singh K. , Pandey O.P.
Published: November 2012

Vanadium carbide is known for its applications due to extreme hardness and high melting point. In this present work, vanadium carbide nanoparticles have been synthesized in a specially designed stainless steel autoclave by solvothermal route using vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) as precursor along with a hydrocarbon acetone (C3H6O) in the presence of reducing agent magnesium (Mg). The optimization of reaction time was studied at constant temperature of 800oC. The product powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Brunauer – Emmett – Teller (BET) techniques. The results indicate that the product was vanadium carbide having particle size of about 30 nm with high surface area.
Preparation, Characterization and Visible-Light Photocatalytic Properties of BiOCl/BiOI Nanocomposites
Authors: Huang Kai Jin , Liu Hou Guang , Yuan Fang Li , Xie Chang Sheng
Published: November 2012

BiOCl/BiOI nanocomposites were synthesized using a thermal impregnation method for the first time. The intense visible-light absorption and large specific surface area gave 4wt.％BiOCl/BiOI nanocomposites the best visible-light photocatalytic properties among all the catalysts for the photodegradation of methyl orange,about 78％ after 2 h. But decreased activities were obtained with the increase of BiOCl content in the nanocomposites. Considering the light absorption,specific surface area and the quantum efficiency, the high recombination of the photoinduced electron-hole pairs of the catalysts that lowed the quantum efficiency was believed to be the critical factor for their decreased photocatalytic activities.
Effect of Fiber Length on Impact Resistance of Fiber Cement-Based Composites Containing Silica Fume
Authors: Lin Wei Ting , Han Ta Yuan , Wu Yuan Cheih , Huang Chin Cheng
Published: November 2012

This study is aimed to evaluate the impact performance of cement-based composites which comprise steel fibers and silica fume in the mixes. Material variables include water-cementitious ratio, dosage of silica fume, steel fiber length and dosage. Test results indicate that the impact resistance increase with increasing fiber content and water-cementitious ratio, and with decreasing silica fume content. For a given volume fraction, short fiber performs better than its long counterpart in improving the impact performance. In addition, the combination of silica fume and fibers enhances better impact behavior than individual constituents of silica fume, due to reduced the crack formation and offer the toughness of cement-based composites under impact loadings.
Observation of High Speed Glass Bottle Fracture Behaviors by Underwater Shockwave
Authors: Nagata Kosuke , Sakamoto Hidetoshi , Ohbuchi Yoshifumi , Kuramae Hiroyuki , Nakamachi Eiji
Published: November 2012

This paper described new effective glass bottle fracture process for glass recycling by underwater shockwave. The high-speed fracture behaviors of glass bottles by explosive energy were discussed. In the proposed technique, the washing process can be skipped because the bottle crushing process execute in water. As a result, the recycling cost can be decreased. In order to clarify the behaviors of glass bottle fracture, the bottle was painted by 5 colors. The crushing experiment was executed under four explosive conditions. The influence of various explosive conditions on the cullet sizes were calcified by using painted bottle.
The Preparation and Characteristics of Chitosan-Acetaminophen Drug-Loading Micropheres
Authors: Zhou Hao Ran , Zhang Jing Yu , Jiang Hao
Published: November 2012

CS-ACAP drug-loading microsperes are prepared with using CS and ACAP as the main raw materials by emulsification-crosslinking method. Orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the preparation process of the CS-ACAP drug-loading microspheres. FT-IR and SEM were applied to characterize the structure and morphology of microspheres. The sustained release effect of CS-ACAP microsphere was measured by sustained release measurement. The results showed that the CS-ACAP drug-loading micropheres were successfully prepared by emulsification-crosslinking method. Obtained microspheres as a perforated sphere, the average particle size of the microspheres was 30μm and the microspheres had a uniformly particle size distribution; the drug-loaded microspheres had good sustained release effect.
Study on Preparation of Obsidian Slag Cleanser for Molten Iron
Authors: Zhang Guo Zhi , Zhang Ya Jing , Liu Xing Gang
Published: November 2012

The deslaging effects of Obsidian powder after heat treatment were researched, the results show that the water content in Obsidian can be adjusted by controlling heat treatment temperature and time, so that Slag cleanser coverage spreading speed and slag shell uniformity were improved, and the deslaging mechanism ware analyzed.
Research on NPM Used in Flame Retardant Epoxy Potting
Authors: Zhou Hao Ran , Yang Hao Cheng , Sun An , Zhao Shuang
Published: November 2012

As the epoxy potting compound widely used, their flame retardant properties were concerned day by day.This paper neopentyl glycol phosphate melamine salt (NPM) was synthesised via phosphorus oxychloride as the acid source, neopentyl glycol as carbon source, melamine as gas source. The structure of NPM was characterized via infrared spectroscopic analysis (IR). Then the flame retardant properties of NPM/epoxy resin systerm were researched via the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning experiment, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) . The result shows that When the dosage of NPM is 27%, limiting oxygen index of epoxy resin have a extremum, is 32.4, char yield is 18.7% at 600°C. NPM can play a significant role in the improvement of the flame retardant properties of the epoxy.
Multifunctional Finishing of Ramie Fabric Using Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Zheng Guang Hong , Ji Feng Long , Ren Jian Hua
Published: November 2012

A kind of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (nano-TiO2) product was employed for the multifunctional finishing of ramie fabric. A series of working baths with varying content of nano-TiO2 were prepared and the ramie fabrics were coated with nano- nano-TiO2 via a dip-pad-dry process. In order to enhance the washing durability, the ramie fabrics were pretreated by citric acid. It was proved that ramie fabrics coated with nano-TiO2 gave rise to prominent photocatalytic degradation of formaldehyde. The ramie fabrics coated with nano-TiO2 were proved to exhibit good antibacterial property. When the working bath contained 0.8 g/L nano-TiO2 the percentage of bacteria reduction approached to 100%. The ramie fabrics loaded with nano-TiO2 also showed excellent UV protective property when the content of nano-TiO2 increased to 0.8 g/L. The pretreatment of fabric by citric acid could effectively improve the washing durability of the TiO2¬ coated ramie fabrics.
Fabrication Applications of GRIN Materials
Authors: Li Yu Lin , Hu Bao Wen , He Zheng Quan , Zhang Min Rui , Huo Jun Min , Yao Sheng Li
Published: November 2012

In recent years, a series of gradient index (GRIN) materials including Optical glass and polymer have been Research and developed in our laboratory. The Micro-lenses and arrays with the special optical materials also have been fabricated mainly by using Ion-exchange method through refractive index profile, which are applied to micro-optic devices and other applications—— especially in the coupled and connected devices for fiber communications and medical endoscope or they are used primarily for document scanning equipments.
Influence of Microstructure and Precipitates on the Strength of Container Steel
Authors: Ma Jia Yan , Liang Wen , Han Rong Dong , Guan Yun , Deng Zhao Jun
Published: November 2012

The variation rules of strength with the microstructure and precipitates of container steel were studied by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results show that the microstructures of four kinds of test steels are all bainite and M/A island, but the number and size of islands of M/A and precipitates exist obvious difference: two kinds of test steels have fewer precipitates and more M/A islands, however, the other two kinds of steels are on the contrary. As for the former two kinds steels, the number of M/A islands is larger, and the size is smaller, the strength of steel is higher; For the later two kinds steels, the number of precipitates less than 30nm is larger, and distribution is more uniform dispersion, the strength is higher, precipitation strengthening effect is better. Getting lots of small and uniform M/A islands or precipitates is an effective way of improving the performance of steel.
Kinetics on the Leaching of Polyphenol from Arctium lappal Root
Authors: Li Jin , Deng Chong , Zhao Peng , Wang Na , Wang Lu
Published: November 2012

The kinetics parameters in the leaching of polyphenol from Arctium lappal root was studyed in this paper. According to second Fick’s law of diffusion, the kinetic equation for polyphenol leaching process was established with ball model. The results can provide the valuable theory basis for the technical design and further research of polyphenol from Arctium lappal root leaching process.
Feature Selection of Sudden Failure Based on Affinity Propagation Clustering
Authors: Li Li Min , Wang Zhong Sheng
Published: November 2012

When diagnosing sudden mechanical failure, in order to make the result of classification more accurate, in this article we describe an affinity propagation clustering algorithm for feature selection of sudden machinery failure diagnosis. General methods of feature selection select features by reducing dimension of the features, at the same time changing the data in the feature space, which would result in incorrect answer to the diagnosis. While affinity propagation method is based on measuring similarity between features whereby redundancy therein is removed, and selecting the exemplar subset of features, while doesn't change the data in the feature space. After testing on clustering and taking the result of PCA and affinity propagation clustering as input of a same SVM classifier, we get the conclusion that the latter has lower error than the former.
The Influence of Nonlinear Factors of Mechanical Transmission on the NC Machining Accuracy
Authors: Zhang Fu Rong
Published: November 2012

The machining accuracy is greatly affected by the precision of mechanical transmission of the NC machine. Through analyzing the nonlinear factors of mechanical transmission components of the NC machine, the reasons for affecting the positioning accuracy and the contour- following accuracy are obtained. Therefore the methods of improving the positioning accuracy and the contour- following accuracy are put forward.
The Effect of Porous Block Pavement with Rainwater Storage on Heat Island Mitigation
Authors: Kim Ree Ho , Park Jong Bin , Mun Jung Soo , Baek Wo Nok
Published: November 2012

The recent abnormal climate and extreme weather events have frequently given unexpected casualties and damages. In particular, in cases accompanying with heavy rainfall or extremely hot weather in a short period of time, there increases possibility leading financial damage by flooding, heat island phenomenon etc.. One of the main factors that are caused these problems is impermeable area including asphalt and concrete pavement which is increased by urbanization. So, it is interested in porous pavement to solve the environmental problems in Korea. In this study, a block pavement system for sidewalk to control surface temperature of pavement and rainwater runoff was developed. The block pavement system is composed of permeable or water-retentive block and rainwater storage which can harvest and supply rainwater. Surface temperature of permeable block pavement is reduced about 10°C compare with it of impermeable block pavement. Also, rainwater runoff was not happened during the period of rainfall.
Experimental Research on Measuring Two-Dimensional Stress Field Using Digital Holographic Photo-Elastic Method
Authors: Gong Bo , Xu Wei , Wang Chao , Qian Xiao Fan , Zhang Ya Ping , Zhang Li Ming , Ouyang Dan Tong
Published: November 2012

According to the holographic optical theory, based on the method of rotating reference light polarization plane, through the simultaneous solution of light intensity equations transformed by the hologram, the digital holographic nondestructive testing of two-dimensional stress field is introduced. This technology does not require additional experimental means and numerical method for separate fringes, determining fringe order and solving stress. It is a convenient, accurate and non-destructive measurement of two-dimensional stress field. The paper first introduces the basic theory of digital holographic photo-elastic method, and then verifies it by experiments and simulation. Light intensity images are obtained through the comparative experiments and theoretical solutions. The results prove the strong feasibility of the method in experiments, and lay the foundation for further experimental study.
Real-Time Three-Dimensional Object Capturing and Mapping with Optical Correlators
Authors: He Zheng Quan , Li Yu Lin , Huang Xiang Sheng , Kong De Pong , Zhang Min Rui , Guo Xiao Yi
Published: November 2012

In this paper a new strategy for real-time three-dimensional object capturing and mapping is proposed by using optical correlators. A spatial light modulator is applied in the new strategy. Owing to the properties of quickly parallel processing of optical correlation algorithm the technique can also implement real time object capturing and track, and, as for human body recognition the gesture of body parts can also be portrayed.
A New Model for Fast Analysis of Leveling Process
Authors: Petruška Jindřich , Návrat Tomas , Šebek František
Published: November 2012

The paper deals with numerical analysis of the process of roller leveling of long products. The problem of multiple elastic plastic bending is solved by a program in Matlab, which is based on the Finite Element Method. The aim is to provide a simple, user friendly tool, capable of quick and reliable analysis of the process without the necessity to work with large multipurpose FEM packages. Direct solution of the problem is formulated, starting from the roll intermeshing and product geometry. Roller loading, product deflection, curvature and plastification are the output parameters of the program. With fast and reliable solution of the direct problem, optimal setting of the leveling process will be sought in an iterative process.
Finite Element Analysis of the Mobile Plate Electrostatic Precipitator Wide Column Parts
Authors: Jin Jia Qi , Wang Yu , Zeng Hai Quan
Published: November 2012

Based on the large general finite element analysis software ANSYS Workbench, a type of large electrostatic precipitator main bearing parts wide pillar and a wide column in the connection of the wall structure based on the finite element analysis, the research in various kinds of loads of joint action of wide pillar and a wide and wall body after connection of stress (strain), and displacement (distortion) situation results show that analysis and calculation has higher precision, model of mesh and their calculation method is very reasonable, can be used for dust removal machine steel body structure of further optimization analysis.
Numerical and Experimental Studies on DNA Combing Used in Fabricating Nanochannel Electroporation (NEP) Chips
Authors: Lin Samuel I En
Published: November 2012

Microelectromechanical processes were used to generate a stamp with array of micro pillars. This stamp was subjected to DNA combing and imprinting to form nanostrands between the micro pillars, followed by sputter coating with gold, vapour deposition and imprinting processes in order to produce the required nanochannels for the gene chip. These preparation processes have been widely used to create implementations for cell manipulation and electroporation. However, the underlying mechanism of DNA stretching has only been demonstrated experimentally and is not fully understood. It, therefore, arrives unstable yield rate when process parameters are changed. This study investigated the DNA combing and imprinting processes using two-phase flow and moving mesh methods to analyse the variation of flow field at the micron level. It shows that while withdrawing from water, a smaller velocity difference in each location and the velocity difference of pillars are the major determinants of DNA stretching and curing. The simulation results showed that a bigger α and θ led to a greater difference in flow velocity on the PDMS stamp surface; greater flow velocity difference could affect the adhesion of DNA (subsequently compromising the formation of the nanochannels). As suggested by our experimental data, longer nanochannels (3 μm) displayed a wider range of stretching speed with yield rate >90%.
An Ellipsoidal Tool as a Nanoscale Removal Processes for Computer and Digital System
Authors: Pa P.S.
Published: November 2012

A newly designed ellipsoidal electrode tool used for micro-electrochemical etching (μ-ECE) in a precise reclamation process that removes defective In2O3SnO2 conductive microstructure from the surface of LCD color filters is presented. The electrochemical removal of ITO film eliminates the danger of scoring the surface of the substrate. The efficiency of the electrochemical process, enhanced by the ellipsoidal shaped electrode, also allows the feed rate of the workpiece (display color filter) to be higher and this reduces production costs. In the current study, a higher current rating and a faster workpiece feed effectively resulted in more effective removal. An ellipsoidal anode with a small major axis coupled with a narrow gap between the cathode and the workpiece also reduces the time taken to remove the In2O3SnO2. An ellipsoidal anode with small minor axis also provides better discharge mobility and removal. A thin cathode or one with a small arc radius also gives a higher removal rate for In2O3SnO2. The effective ellipsoidal anode provides more discharge mobility and removes the In2O3SnO2 easily and cleanly in a short time. The surface roughness, the average light transmittance and chromaticity of the three primary colors is also maintained at the same level after the μ-ECE process as it was before the removal of the ITO.
The Localized Mode and its Photoluminescence Characteristics of the Nematic-Liquid-Crystal-Filled One Dimensional Photonic Crystal
Authors: Li Bing Xiang , Xie Ying Mao , Zeng Chun Xiang
Published: November 2012

The localized mode and its Photoluminescence Characteristics of one dimensional liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal with a defect layer (1DNLCFPC) were studied numerically by the transfer matrix method. Nematic liquid crystal (NLC) could be treated as uniaxial media when the external electric field intensity over the threshold. The angle θ was the angle between the direction of the vertical incident light and the direction of the electric field. When θ increased, the results could be found as follow: the 1DNLCFPC’s band gap gets wide and the wavelengths of both band edges get small; the defect mode’s wavelength of 1DNLCFPC gets small. The half-width at the defect modes’ half maximum is less than 0.2nm. The localized phenomenon can be found in the defect modes, meanwhile, light energy is localized nearby the defect layer. The largest relative light intensity in the localized layers has large value when the pump rate is very small.
Preparation and Hydrogen Storage Kinetics of Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Mg20Ni8M2 (M=Cu, Co) Alloys
Authors: Zhang Yang Huan , Yang Tai , Shang Hong Wei , Zhang Guo Fang , Li Xia , Zhao Dong Liang
Published: November 2012

In order to obtain a nanocrystalline and amorphous structure, the Mg20Ni8M2 (M=Cu, Co) hydrogen storage alloys were fabricated by the melt spinning technology. The microstructures of the alloys were characterized by XRD, SEM and HRTEM. The effects of the melt spinning on the hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of the alloys were investigated. The results indicate that the as-spun (M=Cu) alloys hold an entire nanocrystalline structure even if the limited spinning rate is applied, while the as-spun (M=Co) alloys display a nanocrystalline and amorphous structure as the spinning rate grows to 30 m/s, suggesting that the substitution of Co for Ni facilitates the glass formation in the Mg2Ni-type alloy. The melt spinning remarkably improves the gaseous hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of the alloys. As the spinning rate grows from 0 (As-cast was defined as the spinning rate of 0 m/s) to 30 m/s, the hydrogen absorption saturation ratio ( ) is enhanced from 56.72% to 92.74% for the (M=Cu) alloy and from 80.43% to 94.38% for the (M=Co) alloy. The hydrogen desorption ratio ( ) is raised from14.89% to 40.37% for the (M=Cu) alloy and from 24.52% to 51.67% for the (M=Co) alloy.
Preparation and Properties of cis-1,4-Polybutadiene Rubber/OMMT/AT Nanocomposites
Authors: Gu Zheng , Song Guo Jun , Liu Wei Sheng
Published: November 2012

The cis-1,4-polybutadiene rubber(BR)/organic montmorillonite(OMMT) /attpulgite(AT) nanocomposites were prepared by using solution method. The results of TEM showed that the OMMT and AT layers were dispersed in BR matrix on nano-scale. Compared with the pure BR, the tensile strength of BR/OMMT/AT nanocomposites increased by 600% when added 6% OMMT/AT. The results showed that the conversion of butadiene polymerization was higher than 90% by using recycled solvent. The nanocomposites had excellent thermal stability. The dynamic mechanical analysis showed that Tg of BR/OMMT/AT nanocomposites shifted to higher temperature, and the nanocomposites had a good rolling resistance. The composites displayed better dynamic mechanical properties.
Response and Biochemical Alteration of Vibrio parahaemolyticus to Chlorine-Containing Disinfectants
Authors: Gao Xiao Chuang , Sun Yi Wen , Sun Xiao Hong , Zhao Yong , Liu Cheng Chu
Published: November 2012

Three Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates 17802(tdh﹣, trh﹢, tlh﹢), 33846(tdh﹢, trh﹣, tlh﹢) and 05432 (tdh﹣, trh﹣, tlh﹢) were exposed to chloramine-T and sodium hypochlorite to investigate their susceptibility and resistance to chlorine-containing disinfectants. Results showed that sublethal disinfectant condition contributed to the formation of resistant strains, which minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were 2 folds higher than original strains. Differences were observed in physiological and biochemical properties between the original and resistant strains including growth kinetics, cultural character and biochemical characterizations, the resistant strains demonstrated higher lag phase than the original strains in the growth of tryptic soy broth (TSB) with adding 2.5% NaCl. They lost the abilities to grow in thiosulfate citrate bile sucrose（TCBS）media and chromogenic (CHROM) agar and to produce certain proteases such as lysine decarboxylase, ornithine decarboxylase and urease. The most significant change in biochemical characters of the strains was that the resistant strains could grow in the media without containing salts while the original strains could not.
Finite Element Modeling for Prediction of Stress – Strain at Several Feed Rates and Cutting Speeds for Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) Alloy
Authors: Ali Moaz H. , Khidhir Basim A. , Mohamed Bashir
Published: November 2012

Titanium (Ti-6Al-4V) alloy is a desirable material for the aircraft industry because of their excellent properties behaves of high specific strength, fracture resistant characteristics, lightweight and general corrosion resistance. This paper presents a study on a two-dimensional orthogonal cutting process by using a face-milling operation through ABAQUS/EXPLICIT finite-element software. Several tests were performed at various feed rates and cutting speeds while the depth of cut remains constant. The results led to the conclusion that the stress components at integration points (Von - Mises) and the equivalent strain (PEEQ) were increased with increasing the feed rate and cutting speed during the machining process.
A Solution for Corrosion Effect of Durable Concrete Structures
Authors: Dungi Jagath Kumari , Rao K. Srinivasa
Published: November 2012

Corrosion of reinforcements has been one of the major challenges that the civil engineers have been facing. Corrosion leads to the formation of rust which results in the spalling of concrete which in turn leads to the exposure of rebars to the aggressive environment. This will accelerate the ill effects and ultimately leads to the breakdown of the structure. Corrosion mainly occurs in areas of aggressive environment such as coastal regions. It was discovered that structures such as highways, bridge decks, parking ramps and marine installations, designed to last from 50 to 100 years, required replacement or extensive repairs in just 10 years. The problem was found to be the absorption of airborne pollutants, acids and chloride salts through the surface which eventually found their way to the reinforcing steel, causing it to corrode. It is very important that corrosion of reinforcement must be prevented in order to have a durable structure. Even though there are many methods to prevent corrosion, most of them are uneconomical and requires great skill. Studies on corrosion of reinforcement in various parts of the world have revealed that High Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) concrete can protect the steel reinforcement effectively, so that it can resist corrosion, and thus the structure as a whole. Similarly coating of rebars is the best and cheapest solution for corrosion attack, because prevention is better than cure. Epoxy coated reinforcement rebar can be used in construction to protect steel more efficiently from corrosion. Epoxy coating works by preventing chlorides and moisture reaching the surface of the steel. So, it is the most practical and scientific way for protecting the steel reinforcement against corrosion effect. This paper reviews the HVFA concrete with fusion bonded epoxy coated rebars is the solution for corrosion effect.
Implication of Unbondedness in Reinforced Concrete Beams
Authors: Rafeeqi S.F.A. , Khan S.U. , Zafar N.S. , Ayub T.
Published: November 2012

In this paper, behaviour of nine (09) RC beams (including two control beams) after unbonding and exposing flexural reinforcement has been studied which were intentionally designed and detailed to observe flexural and shear failure. Beams have been divided into three groups based on failure mode and unbounded and exposed reinforcement. Beams have been tested under two-point loading up to failure. Experimental results are compared in terms of beam behaviour with respect to flexural capacity and failure mode which revealed that the exposed reinforcement does not altered flexural capacity significantly and unbondedness positively influences shear strength; however, serviceability performance of beams with unbonded and exposed reinforcement is less.
Application of Slow Curing Bitumen as a Rejuvenating Agent in Aged Bituminous Mixes
Authors: Kavussi Amir , Tanzadeh Rashid
Published: November 2012

Recycling of bituminous mixes is extending worldwide with the aim of conserving natural resources and the environment. Rejuvenating agents are generally used in recycling processesin order to soften the aged binders in mixes. Cutback bitumens have been used in Iran mainly in preparing conventional cold mixes. However, the long term good performance of these cold mixes in various parts of the country has shown less hardening of these mixes, compared with conventional HMA mixes. In this research the application of a cutbackbitumen has been investigatedas a rejuvenating agent in mixes containing laboratory aged binders. A 60-70 penetration grade bitumen from Refinery of Tehran was aged under Thin Film Oven Testing (TFOT) conditions. Asphalt Concrete samples were prepared using TFOT aged and virgin binders. Additional samples were prepared using the aged binders together with various amounts of a slow curing SC-250 cutback bitumen from the above refinery. The compacted four inchdiameter samples were tested under static creep testing. The results showed promising effects of the cutback binder in rejuvenating the aged mixes. Based on the results of this study, a mix design criteria wasset for recycled mixes containing cutback bitumen as the rejuvenating agent.
Comparison of Field Performance between Bamboo-Geotextile Composite Embankment and High Strength Geotextile Embankment
Authors: Marto Aminaton , Othman Bakhtiar Affandy , Kasim Fauziah , Bakar Ismail
Published: November 2012

Trial embankment approximately 3 meters height, 10 meters of length, 16 meters width, and a slope of 1V: 2H was completed on soft clay site at RECESS, UTHM, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. Two embankments were respectively reinforced by a high strength geotextile (HSG) and the combination of bamboo and low strength geotextile or bamboo-geotextile composite (BGC) at the interface between embankment fill and foundation soil. Each embankment was installed with the same geotechnical instrumentation scheme for monitoring purposes. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the field performance for both embankments in terms of improving settlement embankment under the embankment. For this purpose, the settlement under the embankment, settlement at the surface of the embankment and the excess pore water pressure response were measured through geotechnical instrumentation for over 418 days. The results showed that the BGC system is more practical than HSG in terms of settlement and also in terms of cost, without compromising the quality of the embankment performance.
Microstructural Study of Cement Composites Produced by Hazardous Waste Stabilization/Solidification
Authors: Vacenovska Bozena , Drochytka Rostislav , Cerný Vit
Published: November 2012

This paper deals with the chosen hazardous waste solidification/stabilisation (S/S) under the catalogue code 190811 using cement matrix with addition of classic fly ash and fluid fly ash as secondary raw binders. The main task of the research works was a microstructural study of the most successful S/S formula that will be used for development of new reclamation material. The S/S process product was subject to X-Ray analysis and to the electron microscopy analysis two years after its production to evaluate the possibility of degradation of the cement composite and releasing the contaminants into environment.
Fault Diagnosis for Rack Vibration of Brush Roll in Washing Section of Galvanization Unit in Cold Rolling Plant by Means of HP35670A Dynamic Signal Analyzer
Authors: Zhu Ke Gang , Zhang Zhao Gang , Liu Bao Quan , Meng Shu Juan , Wang Ren Sheng
Published: November 2012

The paper determines the real-time location of and the real-time reasons for equipment failures on the premise of the integration of equipment, through the online detection and the real-time analysis of the vibration abnormities and faults in the driving side as well as the service side of rack of brush roll in the washing groove that lies in washing section 2# of the galvanization unit in a plant, by employing the HP35670A dynamic signal analyzer.
Radius Measurement of Tegular Rounded Material Based on Sublevel Concentration Sample Method
Authors: Li Yao Qiu , Wang Rui
Published: November 2012

Radius measurement is based on sublevel concentration sample method for the tegular rounded material, which analyzes its mathematical model and principal, while the measurement error is also discussed. In the measurement, at first, capture image of the material by image capturing card, extract edge of the material with image processing technique, scan out coordinate of the point that is on top of edge. Then choose three points which have a considerable distance in between as sampling ones, find out coordinate of circle center by computer software programming and measure out the exact pixel value of radius. Final pixel value is deal with data calibration, after which actual value of radius of tegular rounded material can therefore be obtained. Through the analysis of measurement result, the maximum deviation is not strayed from the uncertainty and the error is less.
Measuring and Modeling Analysis of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy for Hydration Procedure of Cement Materials
Authors: Xian Xiang Ping , Wang Yan Shuai , Xing Feng , Dong Bi Qin
Published: November 2012

In this paper, the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method is applied to characteristic the hydration procedure in cement materials. And a new equivalent circuit model is developed to express the hydration procedure of cement material. As cement paste is a complicated electrochemical system with multi-phase transmission, the equivalent circuit model is considered with the additional double layer capacitance effect at the interface among the hydration products in cement materials. It can express the electrochemical station in cement material, as the multi-phase mass transmission in the cement-based material during the hydration procedure.
Development on Remote Monitoring System for Air Compressors
Authors: Fu Wen Tao
Published: November 2012

Research status of state monitoring technology for air compressor and existing problems were analyzed, meanwhile, the necessity of designing a remote monitoring system was discussed in the paper. On the basis of analyzing the air compressor’s working principle, a remote monitoring system for air compressors was constructed by King-view configuration software, according to the technology of Ethernet and computer communication. With this system, real-time remote monitoring of compressors’ state and related operation parameters was realized; in addition, the latent faults of compressors on working could be predicted and warned. And that the efficiency of air compressors is improved, and the accidents of air compressors are avoided efficiently.
Videogrammetry and its Application on Attack Angle Measuring in Wind Tunnel Testing
Authors: Huang Xu Hui , Zhang Zheng Yu
Published: November 2012

The videogrammetric measurement is a favorite technology in wind tunnel testing, because it neither destroys the model’s shape, nor changes the stiffness or strength. In this paper, a videogrammetric measurement system(VMS) is introduced, and it is used to measure model’s attack angle. Three engineering videogrammetric experiments of attack angle in 2 meter supersonic wind tunnel testing have demonstrated that the precision of VMS established by this paper is ≤0.0094°, so it is useful and effective.
Research on Construction Schedule Real-Time Control of High Core Rock-Fill Dam Based on Digital Monitoring
Authors: Chang Jun , Cui Bo , Zhong Deng Hua
Published: November 2012

The real-time control of the construction schedule for the high core rock-fill dam is researched, and the construction schedule forecasting and analysis method for the high core rock-fill dam is proposed based on the real-time monitoring and simulation. According to the basic principles of schedule control, the control process of construction schedule for the high core rock-fill dam is established, and the implementation method of the dynamic adjustment and control for construction schedule of the high core rock-fill dam is put forward by comparing the current construction schedule with the plan and combining measures such as earthwork dynamic balance optimization and dynamic adjustment and optimization of construction method. The achievement has been used in a hydropower project in southwest China, which provides strong technical support for the high standard construction of the project.
Inspection of Timberwork with Pinhole Camera Technology
Authors: Zhang Shi Min , Li Deng Hui , Zhang Jue , Lin Jin Tao
Published: November 2012

This thesis introduces the basic principles and work methods of the pinhole camera detection technology. And the feasibility and veracity of pinhole camera detection technology are proved in the aspect of testing timberwork with an engineering project. And then according to the steps of determining the parameters, choosing an appropriate set of lens, choosing a suitable drill, drilling holes, removing the dust and debris and collecting data, the quality of the reinforced timberwork are confirmed to reach the standard after the processing and analyzing of the actual measured data The paper provide a new way for the quality check of the reinforced timberwork.