bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Topic Modeling based Text Classification Regarding Islamophobia using Word Embedding and Transformers Techniques
Authors: Saeed Ammar , Khan Hikmat Ullah , Shankar Achyut , Imran Talha , Khan Danish , Kamran Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Attique
Published: November 2023

Islamophobia is a rising area of concern in the current era where Muslims face discrimination and receive negative perspectives towards their religion, Islam. Islamophobia is a type of racism that is being practiced by individuals, groups, and organizations worldwide. Moreover, the ease of access to social media platforms and their augmented usage has also contributed to spreading hate speech, false information, and negative opinions about Islam. In this research study, we focused to detect Islamophobic textual content shared on various social media platforms. We explored the state-of-the-art techniques being followed in text data mining and Natural Language Processing (NLP). Topic modelling algorithm Latent Dirichlet Allocation is used to find top topics. Then, word embedding approaches such as Word2Vec and Global Vectors for word representation (GloVe) are used as feature extraction techniques. For text classification, we utilized modern text analysis techniques of transformers-based Deep Learning algorithms named Bidirectional Encoders Representation from Transformers (BERT) and Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT). For results comparison, we conducted an extensive empirical analysis of Machine Learning algorithms and Deep Learning using conventional textual features such as the Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, N-gram, and Bag of words (BoW). The empirical based results evaluated using standard performance evaluation measures show that the proposed approach effectively detects the textual content related to Islamophobia.

In the corpus of the study under Machine Learning models Support Vector Machine (SVM) performed best with an F1 score of 91%. The Transformer based core NLP models and the Deep Learning model Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) when combined with GloVe performed best among all the techniques except SVM with BoW. GPT, SVM when combined with BoW and BERT yielded the best F1 score of 92%, 92% and 91.9% respectively, while CNN performed slightly poor with an F1 score of 91%.
Fintech Key-Phrase: A New Chinese Financial High-Tech Dataset Accelerating Expression-Level Information Retrieval
Authors: Jin Weiqiang , Zhao Biao , Zhang Yu , Sun Gege , Yu Hang
Published: November 2023

Expression-level information extraction is a challenging task in natural language processing (NLP), which aims to retrieve crucial semantic information from linguistic documents. However, there is a lack of up-to-date data resources for accelerating expression-level information extraction, particularly in the Chinese financial high technology field. To address this gap, we introduce Fintech Key-Phrase: a human-annotated key-phrase dataset for the Chinese financial high technology domain. This dataset comprises over 12K paragraphs along with annotated domain-specific key-phrases. We extract the publicly released reports, Chinese management’s discussion and analysis (CMD&A), from the renowned Chinese research data services platform (CNRDS) and then filter the reports related to high technology. The high technology key-phrases are annotated following pre-defined philosophy guidelines to ensure annotation quality. In order to better understand the limitations and challenges in the purposed dataset, we conducted comprehensive noise evaluation experiments for the Fintech Key-Phrase, including annotation consistency assessment and absolute annotation quality evaluation. To demonstrate the usefulness of our released Fintech Key-Phrase in retrieving valuable information in the Chinese financial high technology field, we evaluate its significance using several superior information retrieval systems as representative baselines and report corresponding performance statistics. Additionally, we further applied ChatGPT to the text augmentation approach of the Fintech Key-Phrase dataset. Extensive comparative experiments demonstrate that the augmented Fintech Key-Phrase dataset significantly improved the coverage and accuracy of extracting key phrases in the finance and high-tech domains. We believe that this dataset can facilitate scientific research and exploration in the Chinese financial high technology field. We have made the Fintech Key-Phrase dataset and the experimental code of the adopted baselines accessible on Github: https://github.com/albert-jin/Fintech-Key-Phrase. To encourage newcomers to participate in the financial high-tech domain information retrieval research, we have developed a series of tools, including an open website1and corresponding real-time information retrieval APIs.2
Optimal Model Partitioning with Low-Overhead Profiling on the PIM-based Platform for Deep Learning Inference
Authors: Kim Seok Young , Lee Jaewook , Paik Yoonah , Kim Chang Hyun , Lee Won Jun , Kim Seon Wook
Published: November 2023

Recently Processing-in-Memory (PIM) has become a promising solution to achieve energy-efficient computation in data-intensive applications by placing computation near or inside the memory. In most Deep Learning (DL) frameworks, a user manually partitions a model’s computational graph (CG) onto the computing devices by considering the devices’ capability and the data transfer. The Deep Neural Network (DNN) models become increasingly complex for improving accuracy; thus, it is exceptionally challenging to partition the execution to achieve the best performance, especially on a PIM-based platform requiring frequent offloading of large amounts of data.

This article proposes two novel algorithms for DL inference to resolve the challenge: low-overhead profiling and optimal model partitioning. First, we reconstruct CG by considering the devices’ capability to represent all the possible scheduling paths. Second, we develop a profiling algorithm to find the required minimum profiling paths to measure all the node and edge costs of the reconstructed CG. Finally, we devise the model partitioning algorithm to get the optimal minimum execution time using the dynamic programming technique with the profiled data. We evaluated our work by executing the BERT, RoBERTa, and GPT-2 models on the ARM multicores with the PIM-modeled FPGA platform with various sequence lengths. For three computing devices in the platform, i.e., CPU serial/parallel and PIM executions, we could find all the costs only in four profile runs, three for node costs and one for edge costs. Also, our model partitioning algorithm achieved the highest performance in all the experiments over the execution with manually assigned device priority and the state-of-the-art greedy approach.
DeepMark: A Scalable and Robust Framework for DeepFake Video Detection
Authors: Tang Li , Ye Qingqing , Hu Haibo , Xue Qiao , Xiao Yaxin , Li Jin
Published: November 2023

With the rapid growth of DeepFake video techniques, it becomes increasingly challenging to identify them visually, posing a huge threat to our society. Unfortunately, existing detection schemes are limited to exploiting the artifacts left by DeepFake manipulations, so they struggle to keep pace with the ever-improving DeepFake models. In this work, we propose DeepMark, a scalable and robust framework for detecting DeepFakes. It imprints essential visual features of a video into DeepMark Meta (DMM) and uses it to detect DeepFake manipulations by comparing the extracted visual features with the ground truth in DMM. Therefore, DeepMark is future-proof, because a DeepFake video must aim to alter some visual feature, no matter how “natural” it looks. Furthermore, DMM also contains a signature for verifying the integrity of the above features. And an essential link to the features as well as their signature is attached with error correction codes and embedded in the video watermark. To improve the efficiency of DMM creation, we also present a threshold-based feature selection scheme and a deduced face detection scheme. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of DeepMark on DeepFake video detection under various datasets and parameter settings.
Factorized Recurrent Neural Network with Attention for Language Identification and Content Detection
Authors: Belay Birhanu Hailu , Gebremeskel Gebeyehu Belay , Bezabih Belete Biazen , Gebeyehu Seffi
Published: November 2023

Language identification and content detection are essential for ensuring effective digital communication, and content moderation. While extensive research has primarily focused on well-known and widely spoken languages, challenges persist when dealing with indigenous and resource-limited languages, especially between closely similar languages such as Ethiopian languages. This article aims to simultaneously identify the language of a given text and detect its content, and to achieve this, we propose a novel attention-based recurrent neural network framework. The proposed method has an attention-embedded Bidirectional-LSTM architecture with two classifiers that identify the language of a given text and content within the text. The two classifiers share a common feature space before they branched at their task-specific layers where both layers are assisted by attention mechanism. We use five different topics in Six Ethiopian Languages the dataset consists of nearly 22,624 sentences. We compared our result with the classical NLP techniques, the proposed method shortened the data prepossessing steps. We evaluated the model performance using the accuracy metric, achieving results of 98.88% for language identification and 96.5% for text content detection. The dataset, source code, and pretrained model are available at
https://github.com/bdu-birhanu/LID_TCD
.
rHDP: An Aspect Sharing-Enhanced Hierarchical Topic Model for Multi-Domain Corpus
Authors: Zhang Yitao , Wan Changxuan , Xiao Keli , Wan Qizhi , Liu Dexi , Liu Xiping
Published: November 2023

Learning topic hierarchies from a multi-domain corpus is crucial in topic modeling as it reveals valuable structural information embedded within documents. Despite the extensive literature on hierarchical topic models, effectively discovering inter-topic correlations and differences among subtopics at the same level in the topic hierarchy, obtained from multiple domains, remains an unresolved challenge. This article proposes an enhanced nested Chinese restaurant process (nCRP), nCRP+, by introducing an additional mechanism based on Chinese restaurant franchise (CRF) for aspect-sharing pattern extraction in the original nCRP. Subsequently, by employing the distribution extracted from nCRP+ as the prior distribution for topic hierarchy in the hierarchical Dirichlet processes (HDP), we develop a hierarchical topic model for multi-domain corpus, named rHDP. We describe the model with the analogy of Chinese restaurant franchise based on the central kitchen and propose a hierarchical Gibbs sampling scheme to infer the model. Our method effectively constructs well-established topic hierarchies, accurately reflecting diverse parent-child topic relationships, explicit topic aspect sharing correlations for inter-topics, and differences between these shared topics. To validate the efficacy of our approach, we conduct experiments using a renowned public dataset and an online collection of Chinese financial documents. The experimental results confirm the superiority of our method over the state-of-the-art techniques in identifying multi-domain topic hierarchies, according to multiple evaluation metrics.
Triple Dual Learning for Opinion-based Explainable Recommendation
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Sun Ying , Zhuang Fuzhen , Zhu Yongchun , An Zhulin , Xu Yongjun
Published: November 2023

Recently, with the aim of enhancing the trustworthiness of recommender systems, explainable recommendation has attracted much attention from the research community. Intuitively, users’ opinions toward different aspects of an item determine their ratings (i.e., users’ preferences) for the item. Therefore, rating prediction from the perspective of opinions can realize personalized explanations at the level of item aspects and user preferences. However, there are several challenges in developing an opinion-based explainable recommendation: (1) The complicated relationship between users’ opinions and ratings. (2) The difficulty of predicting the potential (i.e., unseen) user-item opinions because of the sparsity of opinion information. To tackle these challenges, we propose an
overall preference-aware opinion-based explainable rating prediction
model by jointly modeling the multiple observations of user-item interaction (i.e., review, opinion, rating). To alleviate the sparsity problem and raise the effectiveness of opinion prediction, we further propose a
triple dual learning-based framework with a novelly designed triple dual constraint
. Finally, experiments on three popular datasets show the effectiveness and great explanation performance of our framework.
Second-order Confidence Network for Early Classification of Time Series
Authors: Lv Junwei , Chu Yuqi , Hu Jun , Li Peipei , Hu Xuegang
Published: November 2023

Time series data are ubiquitous in a variety of disciplines. Early classification of time series, which aims to predict the class label of a time series as early and accurately as possible, is a significant but challenging task in many time-sensitive applications. Existing approaches mainly utilize heuristic stopping rules to capture stopping signals from the prediction results of time series classifiers. However, heuristic stopping rules can only capture obvious stopping signals, which makes these approaches give either correct but late predictions or early but incorrect predictions. To tackle the problem, we propose a novel second-order confidence network for early classification of time series, which can automatically learn to capture implicit stopping signals in early time series in a unified framework. The proposed model leverages deep neural models to capture temporal patterns and outputs second-order confidence to reflect the implicit stopping signals. Specifically, our model exploits the data not only from a time step but also from the probability sequence to capture stopping signals. By combining stopping signals from the classifier output and the second-order confidence, we design a more robust trigger to decide whether or not to request more observations from future time steps. Experimental results show that our approach can achieve superior results in early classification compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
Refractive Index-Modulated LSPR Sensing in 20–120 nm Gold and Silver Nanoparticles: A Simulation Study
Authors: Bradley Zoe , Cunningham David , Bhalla Nikhil
Published: November 2023

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) based sensing has been a simple and cost-effective way to measure local refractive index changes. LSPR materials exhibit fascinating properties that have significant implications for various bio/chemical sensing applications. In many of these applications, the focus has traditionally been on analyzing the intensity of the reflected or transmitted signals in terms of the refractive index of the surrounding medium. However, limited simulation work is conducted on investigating the refractive index sensitivity of LSPR materials. Within this context, here we simulate the refractive index sensing properties of spherical gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles ranging from 20–120 nm diameter within 1.0 to 1.50 refractive index units (RIU). After analyzing the peak optical efficiency and peak wavelength, we report the sensing performance of these materials in terms of sensitivity, linearity and material efficiency, which we refer to as the figure of merit (FOM). Overall, our observations have revealed greatest FOM values for the smallest sized nanoparticles, a FOM of 6.6 for 20 nm AuNPs and 11.9 for 20 nm AgNPs with refractive index of 1.
T-cells regulate albuminuria but not hypertension, renal histology, or the medullary transcriptome in the Dahl SSCD247+/+ rat
Authors: Dayton Alex , Almutlaq Rawan N. , Guntipally Sridhatri , Ross Jaryd , Evans Louise C.
Published: November 2023

In vivo studies in a T-cell-deficient rat model of salt-sensitive hypertension (SSCD247−/− rats) were used to evaluate the role of T-cells on the development of hypertension and renal damage. Detailed physiological and transcriptomic analysis demonstrated no difference in blood pressure between rats with (SSCD247+/+) or without (SSCD247−/−) T-cells. Despite this, albuminuria was significantly lower in SSCD247−/− rats than SSCD247+/+ rats.
Wilms’ tumor gene 1: lessons from the interface between kidney development and cancer
Authors: Torban Elena , Goodyer Paul
Published: November 2023

In 1990, mutations of the Wilms’ tumor-1 gene ( WT1), encoding a transcription factor in the embryonic kidney, were found in 10–15% of Wilms’ tumors; germline WT1 mutations were associated with hereditary syndromes involving glomerular and reproductive tract dysplasia. For more than three decades, these discoveries prompted investigators to explore the embryonic role of WT1 and the mechanisms by which loss of WT1 leads to malignant transformation. Here, we discuss how alternative splicing of WT1 generates isoforms that act in a context-specific manner to activate or repress target gene transcription. WT1 also regulates posttranscriptional regulation, alters the epigenetic landscape, and activates miRNA expression. WT1 functions at multiple stages of kidney development, including the transition from resting stem cells to committed nephron progenitor, which it primes to respond to WNT9b signals from the ureteric bud. WT1 then drives nephrogenesis by activating WNT4 expression and directing the development of glomerular podocytes. We review the WT1 mutations that account for Denys–Drash syndrome, Frasier syndrome, and WAGR syndrome. Although the WT1 story began with Wilms’ tumors, an understanding of the pathways that link aberrant kidney development to malignant transformation still has some important gaps. Loss of WT1 in nephrogenic rests may leave these premalignant clones with inadequate DNA repair enzymes and may disturb the epigenetic landscape. Yet none of these observations provide a complete picture of Wilms’ tumor pathogenesis. It appears that the WT1 odyssey is unfinished and still holds a great deal of untilled ground to be explored.
Correlation between LSM1 Expression and Clinical Outcomes in Glioblastoma and Functional Mechanisms
Authors: Cai Changcheng , Chen Xingyu , He Jimin , Xiang Chengwei , Liu Yinggang , Wu Ke , Luo Ke
Published: November 2023

Background. Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive form of brain tumor characterized by limited treatment options and a bleak prognosis. Although the role of Like-Sm 1 (LSM1), a component of the mRNA splicing machinery, has been studied in various cancers, its significance in GBM remains unclear. The purpose of this research was to investigate the expression of LSM1 and its role in driving GBM progression. Methods. We analyzed gene expression data obtained from TCGA and GTEx databases to compare the levels of LSM1 expression between GBM and normal brain tissues. To assess the impact of LSM1, we conducted experiments using U87 GBM cells, wherein we manipulated LSM1 expression through overexpression and knockdown techniques. These experiments allowed us to evaluate cellular behaviors such as proliferation and invasion. Additionally, we explored the correlation between LSM1 expression and immune cell infiltration in GBM. Results. Our analysis of TCGA and GTEx datasets revealed a significant upregulation of LSM1 expression in GBM compared to normal brain tissues. In our in vitro experiments using U87 cells, we observed that LSM1 overexpression promoted cell proliferation and invasion, while LSM1 knockdown exerted the opposite effects. Moreover, we discovered correlations between LSM1 expression and immune cell infiltration in GBM, specifically involving TFH cells, CD56bright cells, macrophages, and Th2 cells. Conclusions. The findings of this study demonstrate the upregulation of LSM1 in GBM and its contribution to tumor progression by enhancing cell proliferation, invasion, and influencing immune cell infiltration. Our research sheds light on the potential oncogenic role of LSM1 in GBM and suggests its viability as a therapeutic target for this aggressive brain tumor.
Supplementary Table 6 from A Compendium of Syngeneic, Transplantable Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Models Reveals Subtype-Specific Therapeutic Vulnerabilities
Authors: McNicholas Michael , De Cola Antonella , Bashardanesh Zahedeh , Foss Amelia , Lloyd Cameron B. , Hébert Steven , Faury Damien , Andrade Augusto Faria , Jabado Nada , Kleinman Claudia L. , Pathania Manav
Published: November 2023

ssGEA signatures derived from snRNA-seq data.
Allosteric PI3Kα Inhibition Overcomes On-target Resistance to Orthosteric Inhibitors Mediated by Secondary PIK3CA Mutations
Authors: Varkaris Andreas , Fece de la Cruz Ferran , Martin Elizabeth E. , Norden Bryanna L. , Chevalier Nicholas , Kehlmann Allison M. , Leshchiner Ignaty , Barnes Haley , Ehnstrom Sara , Stavridi Anastasia-Maria , Yuan Xin , Kim Janice S. , Ellis Haley , Papatheodoridi Alkistis , Gunaydin Hakan , Danysh Brian P. , Parida Laxmi , Sanidas Ioannis , Ji Yongli , Lau Kayao , Wulf Gerburg M. , Bardia Aditya , Spring Laura M. , Isakoff Steven J. , Lennerz Jochen K. , Del Vecchio Kathryn , Pierce Levi , Pazolli Ermira , Getz Gad , Corcoran Ryan B. , Juric Dejan
Published: November 2023

PIK3CA mutations occur in ∼8% of cancers, including ∼40% of HR-positive breast cancers, where the PI3K-alpha (PI3Kα)-selective inhibitor alpelisib is FDA approved in combination with fulvestrant. Although prior studies have identified resistance mechanisms, such as PTEN loss, clinically acquired resistance to PI3Kα inhibitors remains poorly understood. Through serial liquid biopsies and rapid autopsies in 39 patients with advanced breast cancer developing acquired resistance to PI3Kα inhibitors, we observe that 50% of patients acquire genomic alterations within the PI3K pathway, including PTEN loss and activating AKT1 mutations. Notably, although secondary PIK3CA mutations were previously reported to increase sensitivity to PI3Kα inhibitors, we identified emergent secondary resistance mutations in PIK3CA that alter the inhibitor binding pocket. Some mutations had differential effects on PI3Kα-selective versus pan-PI3K inhibitors, but resistance induced by all mutations could be overcome by the novel allosteric pan-mutant-selective PI3Kα-inhibitor RLY-2608. Together, these findings provide insights to guide strategies to overcome resistance in PIK3CA-mutated cancers.

Significance:

In one of the largest patient cohorts analyzed to date, this study defines the clinical landscape of acquired resistance to PI3Kα inhibitors. Genomic alterations within the PI3K pathway represent a major mode of resistance and identify a novel class of secondary PIK3CA resistance mutations that can be overcome by an allosteric PI3Kα inhibitor.

See related commentary by Gong and Vanhaesebroeck, p. 204 .

See related article by Varkaris et al., p. 240 .

This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 201
FIGURE 4 from Antitumor Effects of PRMT5 Inhibition in Sarcomas
Authors: Verbeke Stéphanie , Bourdon Aurélien , Guegan Jean-Philippe , Leroy Laura , Chaire Vanessa , Richard Elodie , Bessede Alban , Italiano Antoine
Published: November 2023

PRMT5 inhibition impairs glycolysis in STSs. A, Western blot analysis showing key proteins involved in glycolysis. Sarcoma cell lines were treated for 10 days without or with GSK595 at the IC80 before protein extraction. B, Quantitation of Western blot bands (n = 2 or more). C and D, Relative glucose uptake and lactate production were measured by colorimetric assay after 10 days of treatment with GSK595 at the IC80. All values were normalized to the total amount of protein (n = 3 or more; *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001, multiple t test using the Holm‒Sidak method).
FIGURE 3 from Antitumor Effects of PRMT5 Inhibition in Sarcomas
Authors: Verbeke Stéphanie , Bourdon Aurélien , Guegan Jean-Philippe , Leroy Laura , Chaire Vanessa , Richard Elodie , Bessede Alban , Italiano Antoine
Published: November 2023

Transcriptome analysis of PRMT5 inhibition in STSs. A, Volcano plot showing differential gene expression after RNA-seq with the IB111 cell line that was untreated or treated with GSK595 for 10 days at the IC50 in biological triplicates. A total of 556 genes (green dots) and 486 genes (red dots) were significantly downregulated or upregulated after treatment. B, Pathway analysis of RNA-seq shown in A. MSigDB and FGSEA were used to identify hallmark pathways or Gene Ontology (GO) biological process terms in which the genes of an identified set were enriched. C and D, Four sarcoma cell lines (the IB111, IB114, IB115, and IB128 cells lines) were untreated or treated with GSK595 for 10 days at IC80 in triplicate, and their transcriptomes were analyzed using an nCounter Metabolic Pathways Panel from NanoString. C, Volcano plot showing differentially expressed genes in the panel. Blue dots and red dots represent significantly downregulated and upregulated genes after treatment, respectively. Gray dots represent nonsignificantly regulated genes. D, The three pathways showing the highest gene enrichment as determine with NanoString gene signatures following the single-sample GSEA method.
Inhalation of Spray-Dried Extract of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn Alleviates Lung Inflammatory, Oxidative, and Remodeling Changes in Asthmatic Rats
Authors: Rajizadeh Mohammad Amin , Bejeshk Mohammad Abbas , Aminizadeh Amirhashem , Yari Abolfazl , Rostamabadi Fahimeh , Bagheri Fatemeh , Najafipour Hamid , Nematollahi Mohammad Hadi , Amirkhosravi Arian , Mehrabani Mehrnaz , Mehrabani Mitra
Published: November 2023

Introduction: For centuries, Salvia rosmarinus Spenn has been applied as folk medicine to cure different diseases due to its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, and antitumor effects. To find bioactive medicinal herbs exerting a protective effect on airway inflammation and remodeling, we assessed the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of an aqueous spray-dried extract of Salvia rosmarinus Spenn. (rosemary) in an ovalbumin-induced asthmatic rat model. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into normal control (control), asthma, asthma+rosemary extract (RE) (13 mg/kg), asthma+RE (50 mg/kg), and asthma+budesonide groups. After 50 days, animals were anesthetized, and then blood, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and lung tissues were collected for subsequent serological and pathological studies. Histopathology of lung tissues was evaluated by H&E staining. The oxidative stress parameters and airway inflammation factors in BALF and lung tissue were explored. Results: Using thin layer chromatography, the presence of rosmarinic acid was confirmed in aqueous extract of rosemary. Furthermore, RE markedly decreased immunoglobulin E levels (50 mg/kg; p < 0.001 vs. asthma group) and inflammatory cytokines (50 mg/kg; p < 0.001 vs. asthma group) and increased antioxidant enzymes (50 mg/kg, p < 0.001 vs. asthma group). Furthermore, RE at a concentration of 50 mg/kg obviously reduced the number of inflammatory cells, goblet cells, and pathological changes compared to the asthma group. Conclusion: The results showed that RE administration might prevent or alleviate allergic asthma-related pathological change, probably via antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Development of Primal World Beliefs
Authors: Lansford Jennifer E. , Kerry Nicholas , Al-Hassan Suha M. , Bacchini Dario , Bornstein Marc H. , Chang Lei , Deater-Deckard Kirby , Di Giunta Laura , Dodge Kenneth A. , Gurdal Sevtap , Junla Daranee , Oburu Paul , Pastorelli Concetta , Rothenberg W. Andrew , Skinner Ann T. , Sorbring Emma , Steinberg Laurence , Uribe Tirado Liliana Maria , Yotanyamaneewong Saengduean , Alampay Liane P.
Published: November 2023

Primal world beliefs (“primals”) capture individuals’ basic understanding of what sort of world this is. How do children develop beliefs about the nature of the world? Is the world a good place? Safe or dangerous? Enticing or dull? Primals were initially introduced in social and personality psychology to understand beliefs about the world as a whole that may influence well-being and personality. This article introduces the concept of primals to developmental scientists and reviews preliminary research examining how primals relate to sociodemographic and well-being indicators. The article then situates the concept of primals in some classic developmental theories to illustrate testable hypotheses these theories suggest regarding how primals develop. Understanding how individuals develop basic beliefs about the nature of the world deepens insights into the human experience, including how malleable these beliefs might be and how they may be influenced by, and in turn influence, other domains of development.
Application of the Enduring Legacy of the Integrative Model to Investigating White Adolescent Ethnic-Racial Identity Development
Authors: Satterthwaite-Freiman Megan , Umaña-Taylor Adriana J.
Published: November 2023

Intervening in White youths’ ethnic-racial identity (ERI) development during adolescence can support the development of positive anti-racist ideologies and behaviors that challenge privilege and oppression, increase awareness of and reduce implicit bias, and embrace positive intergroup contact attitudes; yet, little is known within developmental science regarding how White adolescents develop their ERI within the United States' sociohistorical context. Thus, this paper reviews the current literature on White ERI development and applies the Integrative Model (Garcia Coll et al., 1996), through its keen attention to how structures of power, privilege, and oppression have a direct impact on various environments and experiences for young people, to White youths’ ERI development. The social stratification of whiteness, school ethnic-racial socialization, color-evasive and anti-racist adapting cultural systems, and ethnic-racial socialization in White families are explored as mechanisms that impact White adolescents’ ERI development within a macrosystem characterized by white supremacy.
Desejo e mediação em Ōgai e Sōseki: as molduras de leitura de J. Keith Vincent e Iida Yūko
Authors: Monzani João
Published: November 2023

Neste artigo apresentaremos as molduras de análise de J. Keith Vincent e Iida Yūko a respeito da mediação do desejo nas narrativas por eles denominadas de homossociais de Natsume Sōseki e Mori Ōgai. Ambos utilizam os mesmos pressupostos teóricos e realizam uma releitura da fortuna crítica de romancistas da era Meiji e Taishō. Após reconstruir seus argumentos, mostraremos como que, apesar das premissas similares, os críticos operam com visões diferentes no tangente à representação da sexualidade e do desejo nas obras, abrindo espaço para a o debate a respeito da historização de tais elementos, bem como seu funcionamento dentro de narrativas ficcionais.
Preparativos da aula de japonês com o uso de obras literárias: análise e estratégias
Authors: Sekino Kyoko
Published: November 2023

O uso de obras literárias no ensino de LE tem sido reconhecido benéfico, especialmente no aumento de vocabulário, esclarecimento contextual, melhoria na motivação dentre outros. Ao compreender a obra, há evidências da utilização da tradução mental para facilitar o processamento cognitivo eficaz na LM. No entanto, a análise textual pelo professor para estabelecer estratégias no ensino é pouco estudada, apesar da complexidade do texto literário. Nesta pesquisa, utiliza-se a ferramenta de text-mining, AntConc, para observar um texto usado em uma disciplina de japonês na Universidade de Brasília. O resultado demonstra várias características da obra como: personagens principais, frequência de ocorrência dos verbos, diferentes usos de partículas/auxiliares verbais. Por meio desses resultados, ressalta-se a importância da análise textual no uso de obras literárias para o ensino de LE, em que o professor decide o que e como ensinar a língua com eficácia, dentro da fluidez da história.
Ilíada e Heike Monogatari: comparando temas, estruturas literárias e influências nas respectivas sociedades
Authors: Sakamoto Osni , Yamamoto Lilian
Published: November 2023

O gênero literário épico é muito bem representado no Ocidente pelas obras de Homero, porém, poucos trabalhos focam obras congêneres de sociedades orientais como China, Coreia e Japão; os estudos comparativos entre épicos ocidentais e orientais também são infrequentes. Este artigo propõe uma comparação entre a obra japonesa Heike Monogatari e a Ilíada, obra grega de Homero, buscando semelhanças de tema, estrutura literária, características dos líderes e heróis de cada obra e das influências que exerceram em suas respectivas sociedades como fontes historiográficas, bem como seus reflexos na herança cultural.
Jonas Mekas underground
Authors: Mourão Patrícia
Published: November 2023

In Lost Lost Lost, Jonas Mekas, the filmmaker, critic and underground cinema advocate, retraces his first years in the United States. Starting at a sequence in the last reel of film that symbolizes his adaptation to the new world, we would like to investigate the consolidation, in the 1960s, of the avant-garde cinema culture in New York in its relation with the art system, that has moved after the post war from Europe to the United States.
A ética do olhar: alteridade, experiência e mimesis no decálogo de Krzysztof Kieslowski
Authors: Triana Bruna Nunes da Costa
Published: November 2023

We propose here a reflection on the interface between film and anthropology. Our intention is to analyze the specificity of the relationship between cinema and society, in thinking of film as an art which, like photography, allows for the resurgence of “mimesis”, which in turn is responsible for causing a “sensible knowledge” and thus updating the “experience” (Erfahrung). Considering the impact and the technical and thematic innovations of Krzysztof Kieslowski’s The Decalogue (1988), and also considering that cinema provokes experiences, these concepts will be used from an anthropological perspective, in order to analyze how the films that comprise the The Decalogue series, both through their formal structure and narrative, problematize human relations in the contemporary world.
Genealogia de uma cidade
Authors: Santos Paulo Rogério dos
Published: November 2023

Ao mesmo tempo vigias e vigiados, um clima de medo acompanha crianças e adultos, independente da classe social a que pertençam, assim como de sua cor de pele. Esses medos das personagens de O Som ao Redor parecem ligados de maneira singular ao espaço que habitam: as novas terras de Francisco, velho senhor de engenho, as quais parecem, ainda que tenham se transformado ao longo do tempo, guardar memórias e sentimentos dos tempos em que senhores e escravos, ou, mais recentemente, camponeses e seus patrões, ali viviam. Conflitos que ali ocorreram de alguma maneira parecem ainda latentes e assombram a rua onde se passa o filme, e se manifestam de maneira particular na configuração espacial do lugar e por meio das relações sociais.
Perspectivas sobre o cinema amador de ficção no Brasil: o caso das “bordas”
Authors: Cánepa Laura Loguercio , Suppia Alfredo
Published: November 2023

This paper discusses the concept of amateur fiction film (Shand 2013) under the perspective of borderline cinema (Lyra 2009). The purpose of this discussion is to offer different ways of mapping the Brazilian audiovisual production in order to attain a more comprehensive and inclusive history of the Brazilian independent film scene. In this sense, borderline cinema, as both a genre and a method of approach, will be related to the history of Brazilian amateur film (Foster 2010; Foster 2013) and to discussions of amateur fiction films worldwide (Edmonds 2013; Craven 2013).
Nota sobre o emprego de filmes roubados
Authors: Debord Guy
Published: November 2023

Sobre a questão dos filmes roubados, ou seja, os fragmentos pré-existentes de filmes de terceiros incorporados aos meus próprios filmes – notadamente em A Sociedade do Espetáculo (Guy Debord, 1974) – (considero aqui principalmente os filmes que interrompem e pontuam, com seus próprios diálogos, a narração derivada do livro), é preciso notar os seguintes pontos: Já se podia ler em “Mode d’emploi du détournement” (Lèvres nues, n. 8): “É preciso conceber um estado paródico-sério onde a acumulação de elementos distorcidos... é empregada para restituir um certo sublime”. A “distorção” não é inimiga da arte. Os inimigos da arte são, ao contrário, aqueles que não consideram as lições positivas da “arte degenerada”.
From Junk To Funk To Punk To Link
Authors: Baldwin Craig
Published: November 2023

Among the rich and richly varied filmways of the Bay Area can be found that rather special practice known as the “Found-Footage” (FF) film. There can be little doubt that this mode of making has enjoyed a particularly prominent place in the local tradition…but why, exactly? As an FF practitioner myself, I would like to float a few possible contributing factors, and then sketch out a (necessarily partial) chronology of this curious activity in these here parts. Even curiouser, how could the overt use of pre-fabricated industrial images flourish in a regional film culture that so vigorously valorizes “the personal”?
(Ri)Scritture Anonime e Operatori Perforati: Il Found-Footage Fotofilmico di Paolo Gioli
Authors: Gioli Bruno Di Mariano
Published: November 2023

Se entendermos o termo found footage em um sentido mais amplo - como penso que deveria ser, incluindo não apenas filmes, mas também fotografias ou imagens de televisão - então muito do cinema de Paolo Gioli pode ser considerado found footage, não apenas porque usa de material pré-existente (imagens estáticas depois animadas, clipes de filmes "encontrados", inserções de outro tipo), mas também porque conceitualmente se refere a técnicas primitivas, renovando-as (ou modificando dispositivos, portanto máquinas já existentes) com a intenção de fazer homenagem a artistas e criadores do passado (Muybridge, Marey, Escher, Fox Talbot, Rothko, Duchamp, etc.). Claro que os filmes de Gioli baseados em sequências produzidas desde a origem são diferentes, mas a originalidade em si não é importante, aliás, poderíamos dizer que na sua poética fotofílmica, o que importa mesmo é repensar a imagem.
O ensaio cinéfilo como forma: innisfree e o trabalho das ruínas
Authors: Guimarães Victor
Published: November 2023

The cinephilic essay, considered here as a formidable exercise of freedom, combines the most heterogeneous gestures: interviews with local folks, juxtaposition of footage from fordian works, images of the present, roaming through stunning landscapes, reenactment of entire sequences of the original film, testimonies on the experience of filming, stories of survival in hostile terrain, construction of small fictional situations, and drunken militant songs in a bar table.
()
Authors: Fisher Morgan
Published: November 2023

A origem de ( ) foi meu fascínio pelas inserções. As inserções são um tipo de plano crucial para a sintaxe do filme narrativo. As inserções mostram manchetes de jornais, cartas e tipos semelhantes de detalhes significativos que devem ser incluídos para maior clareza ao contar a história. Há muito tempo que fico impressionado com uma qualidade de inserções que pode ser chamada de alienígena e também de alienada.
On the Credibility of Religion
Authors: Weingartner Paul
Published: November 2023

This paper proposes two criteria for the credibility of religion, where “religion” is understood as a belief system. We distinguish between scientific (SBS) and religious belief systems (RBS) and focus on them in this study, although we do not rule out others like metaphysical ones or world views. The criteria consist of two theses and two norms. The two theses defend the proposal that for every particular belief system there is an upper bound and a lower bound for the credibility of it. The upper bound (lower bound) is a threshold beyond (below) which a rational justification of this belief system is impossible. Norm 1 says that it should not be required that the degree of credibility of an RBS must be higher than that of any SBS, nor notably higher than the upper bound of some SBS. Norm 2 says that if it is required that the level required for the credibility of an SBS must be higher than or equal to the lower bound of it, then this must also be required for an RBS otherwise there are too few or weak reasons for its credibility. Unless both norms are fulfilled, a rational justification of the respective belief system is impossible. The norms are understood as methodological norms of the respective belief system.
Polygenic Risk Score Associates With Atherosclerotic Plaque Characteristics at Autopsy
Authors: Cornelissen Anne , Gadhoke Neel V. , Ryan Kathleen , Hodonsky Chani J. , Mitchell Rebecca , Bihlmeyer Nathan A. , Duong ThuyVy , Chen Zhifen , Dikongue Armelle , Sakamoto Atsushi , Sato Yu , Kawakami Rika , Mori Masayuki , Kawai Kenji , Fernandez Raquel , Ghosh Saikat Kumar B. , Braumann Ryan , Abebe Biniyam , Kutys Robert , Kutyna Matthew , Romero Maria E. , Kolodgie Frank D. , Miller Clint L. , Hong Charles C. , Grove Megan L. , Brody Jennifer A. , Sotoodehnia Nona , Arking Dan E. , Schunkert Heribert , Mitchell Braxton D. , Guo Liang , Virmani Renu , Finn Aloke V.
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for coronary artery disease (CAD) potentially improve cardiovascular risk prediction. However, their relationship with histopathologic features of CAD has never been examined systematically.

METHODS:

From 4327 subjects referred to CVPath by the State of Maryland Office Chief Medical Examiner for sudden death between 1994 and 2015, 2455 cases were randomly selected for genotyping. We generated PRS from 291 known CAD risk loci. Detailed histopathologic examination of the coronary arteries was performed in all subjects. The primary study outcome measurements were histopathologic plaque features determining severity of atherosclerosis, including %stenosis, calcification, thin-cap fibroatheromas, and thrombotic CAD.

RESULTS:

After exclusion of cases with insufficient DNA sample quality or with missing data, 954 cases (mean age, 48.8±14.7 years; 75.7% men) remained in the final study cohort. Subjects in the highest PRS quintile exhibited more severe atherosclerosis compared with subjects in the lowest quintile, with greater %stenosis (80.3%±27.0% versus 50.4%±38.7%; adjusted
P
<0.001) and a higher frequency of calcification (69.6% versus 35.8%; adjusted
P
=0.004) and thin-cap fibroatheroma (26.7% versus 9.5%; adjusted
P
=0.007). Even after adjustment for traditional CAD risk factors, subjects within the highest PRS quintile had higher odds of severe atherosclerosis (ie, ≥75% stenosis; adjusted odds ratio, 3.77 [95% CI, 2.10–6.78];
P
<0.001) and plaque rupture (adjusted odds ratio, 4.05 [95% CI, 2.26–7.24];
P
<0.001). Moreover, subjects within the highest quintile had higher odds of CAD-associated cause of death, especially among those aged ≤50 years (adjusted odds ratio, 4.08 [95% CI, 2.01–8.30];
P
<0.001). No statistically significant associations were observed with plaque erosion after adjusting for covariates.

CONCLUSIONS:

This is the first autopsy study investigating associations between PRS and atherosclerosis severity at the histopathologic level in subjects with sudden death. Our pathological analysis suggests PRS correlates with plaque burden and features of advanced atherosclerosis and may be useful as a method for CAD risk stratification, especially in younger subjects.
Endothelial YAP Mediates Hyperglycemia-Induced Platelet Hyperactivity and Arterial Thrombosis
Authors: Li Zhiyu , Zhang Jiachen , Ma Zejun , Zhao Guobing , He Xue , Yu Xuefang , Fu Qiang , Wu Naishi , Ding Zhongren , Sun Haipeng , Zhang Xu , Zhu Yi , Chen Liming , He Jinlong
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND:

Hyperglycemia—a symptom that characterizes diabetes—is highly associated with atherothrombotic complications. However, the underlying mechanism by which hyperglycemia fuels platelet activation and arterial thrombus formation is still not fully understood.

METHODS:

The profiles of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in the plasma of patients with diabetes and healthy controls were determined with targeted metabolomics. FeCl
3
-induced carotid injury model was used to assess arterial thrombus formation in mice with endothelial cell (EC)–specific YAP (yes-associated protein) deletion or overexpression. Flow cytometry and clot retraction assay were used to evaluate platelet activation. RNA sequencing and multiple biochemical analyses were conducted to unravel the underlying mechanism.

RESULTS:

The plasma PGE
2
(prostaglandin E
2
) concentration was elevated in patients with diabetes with thrombotic complications and positively correlated with platelet activation. The PGE
2
synthetases COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) and mPGES-1 (microsomal prostaglandin E synthase-1) were found to be highly expressed in ECs but not in other type of vessel cells in arteries from both patients with diabetes and hyperglycemic mice, compared with nondiabetic individuals and control mice, respectively. A combination of RNA sequencing and ingenuity pathway analyses indicated the involvement of YAP signaling. EC-specific deletion of YAP limited platelet activation and arterial thrombosis in hyperglycemic mice, whereas EC-specific overexpression of YAP in mice mimicked the prothrombotic state of diabetes, without affecting hemostasis. Mechanistically, we found that hyperglycemia/high glucose–induced endothelial YAP nuclear translocation and subsequently transcriptional expression of COX-2 and mPGES-1 contributed to the elevation of PGE
2
and platelet activation. Blockade of EP3 (prostaglandin E receptor 3) activation by oral administration of DG-041 reversed the hyperactivity of platelets and delayed thrombus formation in both EC-specific YAP-overexpressing and hyperglycemic mice.

CONCLUSIONS:

Collectively, our data suggest that hyperglycemia-induced endothelial YAP activation aggravates platelet activation and arterial thrombus formation via PGE
2
/EP3 signaling. Targeting EP3 with DG-041 might be therapeutic for diabetes-related thrombosis.
Wasta and Democratic Attitudes in the Middle East
Authors: Ridge Hannah M.
Published: November 2023

The Middle East faces ongoing challenges in democratization and in corruption. This article examines the influence of wasta – a Middle Eastern form of clientelism – on citizens’ political attitudes. Although wasta is situated between citizen services and corruption, many citizens view wasta as corrupt. Using Arab Barometer survey data, this article shows that the widespread use of wasta in the Middle East makes citizens less satisfied with their current largely non-democratic governments. Wasta also increases their interest in democracy as an egalitarian alternative regime structure. Wasta users, however, are protective of the personal advantages that wasta networks afford them. Widespread wasta thus represents a challenge to democratization.