bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ergonomics at work – Health and well-being of workers
Authors: Santos Adelcio Machado , Skiavan Adriana da Silva
Published: September 2023

The objective was to identify the consequences of ergonomics on the health of workers. This qualitative study sought, through literature review, to make a theoretical debate between several authors on the following topics: Ergonomics at work, Legislations that describe the rights and duties of workers, accidents, and occupational diseases at work, in addition to presenting suggestions for educational measures and models of business successes. As a result, it was shown that when promoting improvement proposals that are aimed at health and well-being at work, the worker feels valued and cared for, generating therefore, an increase in his/her happiness, greater engagement, and improvement in the production of his/her tasks, in addition to the recognition and elevation of his/her profession and workplace. It is concluded that a company that works following solid ergonomic bases at work is ready to obtain significant advantages, impacting its results and its competitiveness in the market.
A sociocultural approach to mathematical knowledge and its relations with shipbuilding in the Amazon
Authors: Dias Robson do Carmo Dutra , Brandemberg João Cláudio , Moia Romulo Everton de Carvalho
Published: September 2023

The work in question approaches mathematical knowledge and its relations with shipbuilding in the Amazon, evidencing the sociocultural practices of artisanal naval carpenters of the Lower Tocantins Mesoregion/PA, based on the consequences of the implementation of large government projects in the practices of these professionals, such as the construction of the Tucuruí Hydroelectric Power Plant (UHT), as well as the development of cities and population growth. It aims to present some studies that deal with mathematical knowledge and its relations with artisanal naval carpentry. It makes relations of sociocultural practices with an Ethnomathematical approach, based on authors such as: D'Ambrosio (2005), Mendes and Farias (2014), Knijnik (1993), among others. It was found that mathematical knowledge and other so-called scientific knowledge are acquired through learning from older carpenters and also through mistakes and successes in daily practice. The little school knowledge they have does not interfere with the making of the boats. However, the sociocultural practices of these subjects, as well as mathematical knowledge, are few or not used in the context of school mathematics.
Development of four genera of orchids in open and closed environment in the Sertão Paraibano
Authors: Wanderley Paulo Alves , Moraes Francisca Gilma M. de , Silva Maria da Guia Alves da , Sousa Franklin Alyson Pedrosa de , Moreira Joserlan Nonato , Sousa Adinaele Pereira de , Delfino Francisco Iramirton , Batista Renata Gabriele Barbosa , Sousa Dulcineide Bezerra de , Silva Izabela Maria Formiga da
Published: September 2023

In this work we verified the survival among orchids in two types of environments, performing the tests with four genera Phalaenopsis, Cattleya, Cymbidium and Dendrobium. the environments that were arranged the plants, were greenhouse protected with shading, and open environment that in this case had as host plants trees of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and Juazeiro (Ziziphus joazeiro), were placed in pots and fixed at a height of approximately 1.5 meters. Climate of 20 oC of minimum and 38 oC, in the region of Sousa-PB in the District of Pereiros in a private orchid garden. The same type of substrates were used in both environments, coconut fiber, in the analysis were observed number of live stems, number of leaves, number of flowers, number of fruits, number of tillers and number of dehydrated stems. The tests verified that the genus Phalaenopsis had better development in both types of environments, however there was no significant difference between environment x genus, but the plants arranged in the experiment had good results, of survival, not being verified death of any specimen, with no loss of the material.
Epidemiological transition, aging and physiotherapy
Authors: Scandiani Karla Malheiros , Silva Maria Carolina Pereira e , Sogame Luciana Carrupt Machado
Published: September 2023

The epidemiological transition is characterized by changes in health and disease patterns over time. Thus, this chapter intends to reflect on the impact of the epidemiological transition on population aging, as well as the importance of physiotherapy for health promotion and disease prevention. A literature review was carried out using texts published between 1997 and 2023, in Portuguese and English with the keywords: epidemiological transition, aging, physiotherapy and elderly health. It was found, based on the literature consulted, that the increase in life expectancy must be accompanied by approaches that take into account the quality of life of these individuals, involving issues related to their health and limitations in their functioning that affect their daily actions and life goals. In this sense, the main health indicators of the elderly population must take into account their full functioning and the focus of health care must respond to real needs, such as the long-term management of chronic conditions, including, in particular, the expansion and strengthening of rehabilitation and its impact on functionality and disability. Thus, physiotherapy, as a health strategy, incorporating rehabilitation and prevention, becomes one of the main health strategies of the 21st century.
Alaska Winter's Relationship to Domestic Violence and Alcohol Abuse
Authors:   , Read Jennifer
Published: September 2023

Alaska is known for its long, dark, cold winter months. Daylight savings time exists to cope with months that have little sunlight, but that still leaves on average, five hours of daylight. Special light bulbs exist to help with the darkness by providing light that tricks the body into thinking it is getting more sun than it really is. As daylight decreases, the weather turns colder; depression, alcohol, and domestic violence begin to rise. Studies show alcohol related crime and domestic violence occur more during the winter months in Alaska. This research paper will analyze the data pertaining to alcohol and domestic violence crimes in Alaska to see if a relationship exists with the winters.
Introduction
Authors: Thakar Heather B. , Fernandez Carola Flores , Tushingham Shannon
Published: September 2023

This introductory chapter sets the stage for interrogation of the application of theoretical models derived from human behavioral ecology through critical review and careful argument regarding the role of theory in the reconstruction of human behavior, and the particular value of this approach in coastal contexts. A deep dive into coastal ethnographic and ethnoarchaeological examples of traditional foraging models (e.g., prey choice, path choice, ideal free distribution, costly signalling) facilitates consideration of coastal adaptations and the application of these models to coastal environments. We also engage with current critiques of human behavioral ecology and address how emerging directions (traditional ecological knowledge, indigenous archaeology, niche construction theory) can help refine their models to better understand the full spectrum of human adaptive capacities.
Human Behavioral Ecology and the Complexities of Arctic Environments
Authors: West Catherine F. , Gjesfjeld Erik , Anderson Shelby , Fitzhugh Ben
Published: September 2023

Arctic and subarctic landscapes present some of the most challenging environments inhabited by human populations in the past. This chapter examines the coastal geographies of the Beringian corridor and the variable habitats that have conditioned the adaptive strategies of human groups in this region for millennia. The goal is to examine complex decisions made by past foragers living in Beringia through the application of human behavioral ecology models that explore how ecological forces influence long-term changes in the archaeological record. A series of case studies that apply a modelling approach are highlighted as examples of research in Northern latitudes that draw inspiration from human behavioral ecology to explore diet, population dynamics, and settlement patterns. We conclude that human behavioral ecology provides a valuable starting point for examining the history of people living in circumpolar regions but future research must continue to develop approaches that incorporate the impact of seasonality on foraging decisions, social networks, and even social inequality.
Aging and Childcare
Authors: Shreyer Sofiya , Hemment Julie
Published: September 2023

Biological anthropologists have acknowledged the evolutionary importance of grandmothers by examining their impacts on human reproduction and life history. This chapter draws on a biocultural study of grandmothering in Ukraine, an interesting context because of Ukraine’s tumultuous Soviet and post-Soviet political and economic history and the deeply held assertions about what it means to be a grandmother. This chapter reveals that grandmothers see themselves as a primary source of identity and assistance for their children and grandchildren. Older women actively involved with their grandchildren reported higher energy levels and better overall health and well-being. Women with less access to their grandchildren suffered from more depression and loneliness, key deterrents to a healthy aging process. Weaving together historical, cultural, and biological perspectives this study reveals aging to be a gendered and socially situated process, in which some women benefit from grandmothering, but others are marginalized.
The Archaeology of the Homed and the Unhomed
Authors: Sayers Daniel O.
Published: September 2023

In a time when the idea of home has become central to living the American dream, The Archaeology of the Homed and the Unhomed brings to the forefront the concept of homelessness. The book points out that homelessness remains underexplored in historical archaeology, a fact which may reflect societal biases and marginalization, and it provides the field’s first comprehensive discussion of the subject. Daniel Sayers argues that the unhomed and the home have been inherently interconnected in the real world across the past several centuries. Sayers builds a conceptual model that focuses on this dynamic and uses it to generate new insights into pre–Civil War communities of Maroons and Indigenous Americans, Great Depression–era hobo communities, and Midwest farmsteads. In doing so, he highlights the social complexities, ambiguities, and significance of the home and the unhomed in the archaeological record. Using a variety of data sources including documentary records and material culture and drawing on extensive fieldwork, Sayers illuminates how homelessness can be created, reproduced, and disparaged by the dominant culture. The book also emphasizes the importance of applied archaeology. Through these studies, Sayers contends that activist archaeologists have a role—and responsibility—to share their knowledge to help policy makers and stakeholders understand the unhomed, homelessness, and the American experience in this area.
Ethnography and the Interpretation of Ancient Sociopolitical Structure in the Middle Fraser Canyon, British Columbia
Authors: Prentiss Anna Marie , Williams-Larson Alexandra , Hampton Ashley
Published: September 2023

The traditional culture of the St’at’imc people, occupants of the Middle Fraser Canyon in southern British Columbia, has long presented a conundrum to archaeologists and ethnographers. Ethnography and contemporary traditional knowledge indicate that the St’at’imc maintained permanent winter villages held by powerful clans that controlled access to critical resources, maintained long distance trade partnerships, and hosted ceremonial events including potlatches. Because this pattern is different from typical cultural patterns elsewhere in the Plateau region (egalitarian family bands lacking clans) it has often been assumed that either the ethnographic St’at’imc cultural pattern was recently borrowed from Coastal neighbors or that older generation ethnographers were simply wrong in their characterizations. In this chapter, we draw on archaeological data from villages pre-dating 1000 years ago to test alternative sociopolitical scenarios. We argue that at ca. 1200–1300 years ago, St’át’imc sociopolitical organization likely included permanent long-lived villages, ranked house groups, and clans extending socioeconomic influence across multiple villages. We conclude that the St’át’imc cultural pattern had an ancient origin within the Mid-Fraser Canyon.
Unangax̂ Complexity in the Rat Islands, Alaska
Authors: Funk Caroline , Hornbeck Bobbi , Taivalkoski Ariel
Published: September 2023

This chapter identifies one form of fisher-hunter-gatherer complexity as intensive multilevel cooperation enacted through social memory and the high intimacy transmission of bundled information. It places social memory-based complexity adjacent to other forms of socioeconomic complexity. Relying on data from archaeology, zooarchaeology, ethnohistory, and oral history, the chapter describes information sharing and cooperative practices performed by ancestral Unangax̂ in the Aleutian Islands. It considers the movement of bundled information about particular dimensions of experience both horizontally, among islands, and vertically through generations. Markers of bundled information transmission and social memory-based complexity include mound building, human engagements with birds, and plant use.
Envisioning Variations in Complexity among Complex Hunter-Gatherers
Authors: Kidder Tristram R.
Published: September 2023

Studies of hunter-gatherer complexity—including the chapters in this volume—invariably contrast complexity with simplicity. Attempts to define and analyze hunter-gatherer complexity make assumptions that humans live in a rigid social world where one is either simple or complex, but not both. This chapter explores the notion that complexity is best understood as a continuous variable within historically situational contexts. Using the Poverty Point site and the contemporary culture of the same name, the chapter advocates against a fixed typology of complexity and simplicity instead suggesting that we should emphasize instead models of social fluidity, where individuals move among and between social statuses and identities. Religious knowledge is perhaps one of the most important ways individuals can move between simple political identities and ones we more commonly associate with complexity.
Revolutions in Cuba and Venezuela
Authors: Pedraza Silvia , Romero Carlos A.
Published: September 2023

Revolutions in Cuba and Venezuela compares the sociopolitical processes behind two major revolutions—Cuba in 1959, when Fidel Castro came to power, and Venezuela in 1999, when Hugo Chávez won the presidential election. With special attention to the Cuba-Venezuela alliance, particularly in regards to foreign policy and the trade of doctors for oil, Silvia Pedraza and Carlos Romero show that the geopolitical theater where these events played out determined the dynamics and reach of the revolutions. Updating and enriching the current understanding of the Cuban and Venezuelan revolutions, this study is unique in its focus on the massive exodus they generated. Pedraza and Romero argue that this factor is crucial for comprehending a revolution’s capacity to succeed or fail. By externalizing dissent, refugees helped to consolidate the revolutions, but as the diasporas became significant political actors and the lifelines of each economy, they eventually served to undermine the social movements. Using comparative historical analysis and data collected through fieldwork in Cuba and Venezuela as well as from immigrant communities in the U.S., Pedraza and Romero discuss issues of politics, economics, migrations, authoritarianism, human rights, and democracy in two nations that hoped to make a better world through their revolutionary journeys.
Advances in the chemistry of composites of metal-organic frameworks
Authors: Dzhardimalieva G. I. , Zhinzhilo V. A. , Uflyand I. E.
Published: September 2023

The review addresses the current state of research in the synthesis, structure and properties of composites of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with functional materials, which are classified into four types depending on their dimensionality: zero-, one-, two- and three-dimensional materials. Due to the wide variety of functional materials, numerous MOF composites with unique properties and characteristics have been obtained. In addition to combining the advantages of MOFs (chemical versatility, structural adaptability and flexibility, high porosity due to hierarchical pore structure) and functional materials of various types (special catalytic, optical, electrical and magnetic properties and mechanical strength), a synergistic effect may appear in the composites. This gives rise to new physicochemical properties or a set of properties. The design of composites based on MOFs represents a new stage in the development of the chemistry of composite materials, in which the surface area, morphology and pore size can be controlled. The interest in these composites is associated with the wide scope of their practical application.
 The bibliography includes 480 references.
Microwave heating technology for electrolytes of solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Yu Sh. , Gu Yu. , Bi L.
Published: September 2023

The performance of the electrolyte material, being the core component, directly affects the output performance and working temperature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). However, when conventional high-temperature heating methods are used to prepare electrolytes, many problems arise such as uneven grain growth and element evaporation. To solve these problems, microwave heating (MH) is widely used in the preparation of SOFC electrolytes because of its fast and uniform heating. In this review, the application of MH technology in the preparation and sintering densification of precursors of oxygen ion-conducting SOFC (O-SOFC) electrolytes and proton-conducting SOFC (P-SOFC) electrolytes is reviewed. Furthermore, the superiority of MH technology over conventional heating (CH) technology is emphasized. Examples of high-performance electrolyte materials prepared by microwave sintering are presented. In addition, we also identify various issues that arise with the use of MH technology in the preparation of electrolytes and discuss the future research directions for the application of MH technology in the preparation of electrolytes. The purpose of this review is to draw the community's attention to the application of MH technology to solid oxide fuel electrolytes and to provide valuable guidance for the future development of SOFCs. The bibliography includes 175 references.
Intermolecular hydrogen transfer reactions as key stages in the catalytic cracking: achievements and outlook
Authors: Potapenko O. V. , Doronin V. P. , Sorokina T. P. , Likholobov V. A.
Published: September 2023

The review summarizes and critically analyzes the results of exploratory and basic studies carried out mainly in the last 10 years concerning the mechanism and role of hydrogen transfer reactions in hydrocarbon conversion processes. A discussion addresses the established views on the regularities of these reactions (mainly involving hydrogen–hydrogen, carbon–carbon and carbon–hydrogen bonds) in various systems containing cations of d-, p - and s-elements. The features of intermolecular hydrogen transfer reactions involved in the zeolite-catalyzed cracking of hydrocarbons are considered. Data on the development of compositions and investigation of properties of modern zeolite-based catalysts for hydrocarbon cracking are discussed. The attention is focused on the role of intermolecular hydrogen transfer in this process, especially in the transformations of heteroatomic compounds. Regarding zeolite compositions, the main attention is paid to the influence of the acid site distribution on the zeolite surface on the hydrogen transfer reactions and the role of extra-framework aluminium species and added modifier cations in these processes. The results of studies of hydrogen transfer by model calculations and by drawing analogies are presented. It is demonstrated that intermolecular hydrogen transfer reactions must be taken into account while addressing problems of improving the cracking catalysts and creating catalytic compositions for joint processing of sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen compounds together with hydrocarbons in the catalytic cracking.
 The bibliography includes 249 references.
Dielectric elastomer actuators: materials and design
Authors: Bezsudnov I. V. , Khmelnitskaia A. G. , Kalinina A. A. , Ponomarenko S. A.
Published: September 2023

The review describes the dielectric elastomer actuators (DEAs), a class of soft mechanical actuators made of functional polymeric materials and composites, which are capable to act as artificial muscles. The principles of operation, design, methods of DEAs fabrication and the required equipment are comprehensively described. Most frequently used DEA polymers (polyacrylates, polyurethanes, siloxanes) are considered in detail, and various modern advanced modification methods are listed. Polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMSs) are the most promising materials as DEA membranes. The review presents the state-of-the-art techniques for significant improvement of the performance of PDMSs: the reinforcement of a silicone matrix with different dispersed fillers, the chemical modification using compounds with large dipole moments to finely tune the dielectric characteristics of the silicones, etc. A new classification of DEAs is proposed. The design of more than 20 DEA devices are presented.
 The bibliography includes 269 references.
2D nanocrystals of metal oxides and hydroxides with nanosheet/nanoflake morphology in biomedicine, energy and chemistry
Authors: Tolstoy V. P. , Gulina L. B. , Meleshko A. A.
Published: September 2023

The review addresses the structural and chemical features of 2D nanocrystals of metal oxide and hydroxides in the form of nanosheets (nanoflakes), basic methods for their synthesis and their applications. Nanocrystals with this type of morphology are characterized by high anisotropy of properties, exceptionally high proportion of surface atoms capable of interacting with the environment, relatively large number of defects in the structure, and a special quantum confined electronic subsystem. Nanosheets can be functionalized with various low-molecular-weight reagents. These features account for the unique physicochemical properties of metal oxide and hydroxide nanosheets and largely determine their practical significance. Consideration of issues of the preparative chemistry of these nanocrystals is focused on soft chemistry methods using solutions of metal salts, in particular chemical precipitation (including methods using templates), successive ionic layer deposition and reactions on the surface of bulk metals and at the solution/gas interface. Special attention is paid to the conditions of synthesis of nanosheet arrays, a sort of packages of single particles arranged in an ordered fashion on the substrate and oriented relative to the substrate. The applications of metal oxide and hydroxide nanosheets are considered. It is demonstrated that they are of considerable interest for applications in biomedicine, electrochemical energy engineering, chemical sensorics and photo- and electrocatalysis as parts of various functional nanomaterials with a unique set of physicochemical properties, including magnetic, electrophysical, electrochemical, optical, sorption and other properties.
 The bibliography includes 317 references
Low-dimensional group IV–VII transition metal polychalcogenides and chemical aspects of their applications
Authors: Grayfer E. D. , Artemkina S. B. , Ivanova M. N. , Brylev K. A. , Fedorov V. E.
Published: September 2023

This review analyzes literature on polymeric transition metal polychalcogenides of group IV–VII This review systematizes literature data on polymeric polychalcogenides of group IV–VII transition metals (TiS3, VS4, NbSe3, MoSx, ReS4, etc.). It covers the structural characteristics of crystalline compounds and the proposed structural models of amorphous phases. The latest advances in the synthesis of these low-dimensional materials at the nanoscale are presented. Their chemical properties are discussed, in particular, those arising from the presence of the dichalcogenide bonds. It is emphasized that the properties of the S–S (or Se–Se) groups largely determine the distinctive features of polychalcogenides and the unusual phenomena observed in them. In particular, these groups play an important role in the performance of electrode materials in metal-ion batteries, photo- and electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction, and mercury vapour sorbents based on transition metal polychalcogenides, which is also addressed in this review.
 The bibliography includes 304 references.
Single-atom catalysts in methane chemistry
Authors: Kolesnichenko N. V. , Ezhova N. N. , Snatenkova Yu. M.
Published: September 2023

The review integrates and systematizes literature data on the use of single-atom catalysts in methane chemistry, with the emphasis on the most recent results. The single-atom catalysts are heterogeneous catalysts of the latest generation in which single metal atoms supported on an inorganic material act as the active sites. The features of CH4 activation on the surface of these catalysts are considered and compared with the behaviour of other known heterogeneous catalysts containing metal nanoclusters or active metal nanoparticles in relation to the direct oxidative and non-oxidative conversion of methane into various chemicals. The efficiency of application of single-atom catalysts of various compositions and types (supported single metal atoms, mono- and polymetallic monoatomic contacts, complex disperse compositions, etc.) is considered for reactions involving methane, including dry, steam and oxidative reforming, partial oxidation to methanol, oxidative carbonylation and carboxylation to acetic acid, non-oxidative and oxidative methane coupling to ethane/ethylene, methane dehydroaromatization, and methylation of benzene with methane. The new prospects opened up in methane chemistry by using single-atom catalysts are discussed.
 The bibliography includes 307 references.
The New Frontier
Authors: O'Dell Gary A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter dives deeper into the westward expansion of the English colonies across the Appalachian Mountains. Georgetown founder, Elijah Craig, is among the settlers whose motivations for leaving Virginia despite considerable topographic and political obstacles are examined. The author explores the road that lead to the Revolutionary War and its aftermath as it pertains to the Inner Bluegrass region and the Ohio River Valley.
The Land of Springs
Authors: O'Dell Gary A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter outlines the importance of Royal Spring to the pioneer settlement of Georgetown. Serving as the community's primary water source, providing power for the mills that stimulated its industrious growth, and lending a picturesque setting for the nexus of Scott County's civil life, the reign of the spring is difficult to understate.
Blue Grass Park and the Civil War
Authors: O'Dell Gary A.
Published: September 2023

The mid 1850s witnessed the start of what would become a lifelong love affair between Scott County and horse racing. Alexander Keene Richards, a resident of the land west of Royal Spring, embarked on an ambitious pursuit when he transformed a Scott County farm into one of the nation's premier Thoroughbred breeding and training establishments. Richards' dreams were interrupted, however, as Confederate and Union soldiers turned the Bluegrass into a stage of the Civil War. Here again, Georgetown's Royal Spring provided troops with a refreshing respite.
Gulping Down Royal Spring Sewage
Authors: O'Dell Gary A.
Published: September 2023

This chapter navigates the long history of water sanitation as it pertains to Royal Spring and the community that depends on it. Georgetown had relied on Royal Spring for over 120 years as its primary source of water, trusting the age-old misconception that spring water was always pure and safe. Advances in scientific and medical knowledge spurred by the cholera and typhoid epidemics of the 19th and 20th centuries turned Georgetown's attention towards Royal Spring's complex water network in the effort to locate possible sources of contamination.
Royal Spring Park
Authors: O'Dell Gary A.
Published: September 2023

An initial flurry of interest soon settled into a slow-burning ember of civil activism in favor of Royal Spring Park. The 1970s, however, witnessed a notable increase in effort and wholehearted support to establish a greenspace of historical and cultural significance that would elevate Georgetown's prestige as a popular heritage attraction. Also discussed in this chapter is the construction of a replica of McClelland's Station fort, the renovation of Scott County's old jail building, and the contribution of the Kentucky Horse Park to Georgetown's equine culture and economy.
Introduction
Authors: Lucas Patrick Lee
Published: September 2023

Unfolding the principles that underlie the work that lie in visual and material culture as a means of constructing regional antebellum identity.
Myths of the Land
Authors: Lucas Patrick Lee
Published: September 2023

Exploring the myth of an "Athens" and an imagined wilderness on the American landscape within the frames of national character, sectional division, centering on the European settlement of the western frontier, viewed as both a wilderness and a middle ground.
Conclusion
Authors: Lucas Patrick Lee
Published: September 2023

Offering explanations for the conflation of the Grecian-style and the "Old South" myth.
Conclusion
Authors: Rountree Travis A.
Published: September 2023

This conclusion describes the most recent update on a rhetorical remembering for the shoot-out through a podcast called 57 Shots in 90 Seconds. The podcast stands as a current uptake that continues to echo the rememberings previously mentioned in earlier chapters. These rememberings clearly demonstrate Appalachian stereotypes of masculine violence and feuding. The text ends with the turn towards realistic and empathetic portrayals of the shoot-out through the women's stories in the plays as well as modern depictions of Appalachia that show brutal honesty that truly reflections the complexities of the region.
Black Abolitionism and the New Slavery in the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Griffler Keith P.
Published: September 2023

The chapter takes up the legacy of twentieth century Black abolitionism. Antislavery in the twenty-first century continues to be shaped in important ways by that history, including in the form of the international law it has inherited. Alongside this mainstream antislavery there also exist movements that have inherited the mantle of Black abolitionism reacting to the genealogical descendants of the new slavery that are far more widely dispersed in the world today. The Black abolitionist definition of slavery provides a powerful tool to expose the legacy forms of the new slavery. The chapter argues that antislavery will not be brought to its successful conclusion until the inherent connection between it and antiracism severed in the twentieth century is restored in the twenty-first. That quest begins by recognizing and adopting the farsighted principles bequeathed by Black abolitionism across all of its historical phases.
The Association Between Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Bronchial Anthracosis
Authors: Mehrabi Samrad , Aram Nahid
Published: September 2023

Background: Anthracosis is a form of pneumoconiosis induced by frequent contact with smoke from biomass, air pollution, charcoal smoke, or dust particles. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the association between anthracosis and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 401 patients undergoing bronchoscopy were recruited, and their demographic characteristics, clinical features, bronchoscopy and imaging results, pathologic-cytologic reports, and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear were recorded and analyzed. Results: The bronchoscopic results of 220 patients (54.9%) were normal, 93 (23.2%) had anthracosis, and 32 patients (8%) had anthracofibrosis. Positive pulmonary TB was significantly higher in patients with anthracosis or anthracofibrosis compared to those without (17.6% vs 4%; odds ratio (OR) = 5.09; P < 0.001). Patients with TB and anthracosis or anthracofibrosis had more prolonged contact with biomass (P = 0.002). Logistic regression showed age (P = 0.003) and the presence or absence of anthracosis or anthracofibrosis (P = 0.006) as associated factors with pulmonary TB. Conclusions: Anthracosis is associated with other pulmonary diseases, including TB; therefore, if anthracosis or anthracofibrosis is diagnosed, coincidental pulmonary TB should also be evaluated.
Fillmore’s Case Grammar in the Short Story Al-Yatîm By Fatima Mohsen
Authors: Hariyani Nety Novita , Abyad Habil , Maula Siti Zulfa Hidayatul , Rofidah Ni’ma
Published: September 2023

Background: Case grammar emerged with Fillmore's response to developments in transformational grammar, making it a subject of interest to syntacticians and semanticists for several decades.
Purpose: This study aims to (1) uncover the dalâm modality of Fatima Mohsen's Al-Yatîm short story; and (2) to describe the dalâm proposition of Fatima Mohsen's Al-Yatîm short story  based on the grammatical theory of the case of Charles J Fillmore.
Method: This research includes descriptive-qualitative research.  The primary data sources used are lâh excerpts da lâm short stories Al-Yatîm by Fatima Mohsen, and secondary data sources used there arelâhbooks and journals related to research studies. The technique of data and data inthis study islâhthe read-record technique. The data analysis techniques used are therelâhdata analysis Miles and Huberman.
Results and Discussion: The results of this research include: (1) thereare 5 types of modalities, namely time (madhi, p, mustaqbal), sign (janib madhi, janib hal,   janib mustaqbal), negation (lâ,  lâ ysa , lan), adbverbs (taroddad, darojah), and mood (irshadiyah); and (2)there are 8 types of propositional cases, namely agentif cases (dhomir ana, dhomir mustatir nahnu, waliid, wahiid, at-tiflu as-shoghir), experiens cases (tahmilu), instrument cases (jihaz), objective cases (zaujatahu, kalâmaha), source cases (ta'uda, i'adah,  ajro' ), the case of the purpose (i lâ at-thobib, ila  al-mabna), the case of the locative  (ma'mal, daaril aytam, maktabil mudiroh), and the case of time (tsalâ one asyhur,  at-tsanawatil khams).
Conclusions and Implications: Case grammar studies not only focus on English grammar, but can also be applied to all grammatical languages including Arabic. In the grammar of the Fillmore case, each case has a semantic role in the sentence aiming to exp lâ in the relâtionship between the predicate and the noun phrase. With this research, readers are expected to be able to understand the grammar of cases, and be able to apply it in the learning process. Re lâ ted to the suggestion that needs to be looked at for future researchers is to examine more references and other theories re lâted to case grammar, as well as be better prepared in the process of data analysis so that they can get good research results. In addition, researchers understand that this study is far from perfect. Therefore, researchers ask for constructive advice from readers so that in the future they can present better research or other written works.
Sosiolinguistik (Campur Kode Masyarakat Kampung Arab Gorontalo)
Authors: Adam Abdul Azis , Sarif Suharia , Yasin Zohra , Hairuddin Hairuddin
Published: September 2023

Latar Belakang: Penelitian ini membahas tentang fenomena campur kode bahasa yang digunakan masyarakat kampung arab gorontalo.

Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan benuk campur kode dalam tutur bahasa yang digunakan masyarakat kampung arab gorontalo.

Metode: Penelitian  ini  dilakukan  dengan  menggunakan  jenis  penelitian  kualitatif  dengan pendekatan   deskriptif.

Hasil: Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa dalam tutur bahasa etnis arab kampung arab gorontalo terdapat capur kode berupa penyisipan kata dari bahasa indonesia ke bahasa arab
Tafsir Mushafi Tentang Fonologi dan Ragam Modelnya
Authors: Husain Nasir  , Abubakar Achmad , Galib Muhammad , Kasim Amrah , Mahfudz Muhsin
Published: September 2023

Artikel ini ditulis untuk mengusulkan studi fonologi modern vokal Arab dengan mengacu pada ayat- ayat Al-Qur’an. Kita tahu bahwa vokal bahasa Arab dibagi menjadi tiga jenis yang berbeda, fathah, kasrah, dan dammah. Hari ini, kita perlu meninjau kembali dan merevisi apa yang telah diusulkan oleh para sarjana sebelumnya, dan mengeksplorasi cara-cara baru dalam penelitian akademis. Oleh karena itu, kami akan mengusulkan pendekatan dan metode baru mengenai masalah vokal bahasa Arab. Perlu dicatat bahwa Qari dan penelitian cendekiawan sebelumnya, diberikan perhatian penuh; namun kami telah menemukan aturan fonetik baru yang lebih cocok dan sesuai dengan temuan bidang akademik saat ini.

Kami telah menerapkan pendekatan deduktif dan alat analisis generatif dan telah menyarankan fitur khas dari setiap suara dalam penelitian ini. Aturan fonologis disajikan dengan cara yang diformalkan, dan penjelasan lebih lanjut yang tidak diformalkan diberikan untuk mengilustrasikan distribusi vokal. Derivasi dan aturan fonologis diterapkan pada ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an untuk menunjukkan proses masing- masing. Referensi utama yang memberikan corpus untuk penelitian ini adalah al-Našr fi al-Qirāʾat al- ʿAšr, yang merupakan salah satu sumber utama dan penting dalam bidang penelitian ini.
The Teaching of Doctrine in Casarosa’s Film “Luca”
Authors: Anastasia Happy
Published: September 2023

Background: Films seen from the element of doctrine are very interesting to be used as positive lessons, because every action can have consequences for choices in attitude.
Purpose: This study aims to observe the doctrine in the film "Luca" by Enrico Casarosa, so that it can be known the consequences must be accepted by Luca as the main character, the attitude that must be carried out in response to the doctrine.
Method: This research is a literature research. The primary data source was obtained by Casarosa's film "Luca" published in 2021.  The data analysis method uses content-based qualitative analysis of dialogue words, sentences, images, cuts, scenes, paragraphs, and descriptive film narratives as well as the responses of the main character "Luca" who have elements of doctrination. Data analysis techniques are carried out through three stages: data reduction, data display, and conclusion pulling/verification
Results and Discussion: The results of this study show that there is a doctrine in the film "Luca" by Casarosa. Doctrine against the main character, Luca: Among them are 1) obedience, which is marked by running into hiding; he must not have contact with man; It is not allowed to talk, discuss, and even approach the surface of the sea. As a consequence, if Luca does not comply, he will be captured and killed by humans. 2) Freedom, which is characterized by humans having their own vehicle in life, does not need anyone without pressure. As a consequence, if he does not follow Alberto's character, he will not get freedom, cannot adventure in the human world, and will still feel afraid of everything. 3) Continue to learn, create and innovate, this is indicated by the existence of a telescope that can observe distant objects seen closely; You can travel in the universe and galaxies only through small tools such as telescopes. As a consequence, if he hadn't followed Giulia, he would never have had the experience of a telescope adventure. This tells us about the importance of going to school.
Conclusions and Implications: The film "Luca", Casarosa inserts several doctrines to serve as lessons such as: 1) Whenever we see danger or murderers, we need to run to hide. Unless, we will be killed. 2) Whenever we have worries or fears in mind, we need to encourage them all and build our own ways to manage them as a force. Unless, we will continue to feel afraid of facing problems. 3) Dare to learn more, to experience more, to adventure more, especially to the world, universe, and galaxy, then our knowledge will increase. If we just stay and do nothing, we will only continue to be like a frog in a shell. 4) Learn more to increase knowledge, then we will know how to adventure the world and universe. If we do not develop ourselves by learning, then we will only become like people who stutter in knowledge.
Phases of Work Immersion and Students Performance: Basis for a Localized Internship Program
Authors:   Secondary School Teacher II, Callejon National High School, Callejon, San Antonio, Quezon, Philippines, J. Pestijo Jocelyn
Published: September 2023

This study utilized descriptive research design. The respondents of the study are Grade 12 work immersion students composed of (57) respondents. A teacher-made questionnaire was employed to determine the perception of the respondents in work immersion. The study was conducted at Callejon National High School Senior High School in San Antonio, Quezon, during the Second semester first quarter of the school year 2022-2023. The researcher also made a test and survey questionnaire to determine students' knowledge about the phases of work immersion. Frequency and percentage were utilized to determine the respondents’ perceptions on the phases of work immersion. The statistical treatment that used are, weighted mean Paired t- test , Pearson-r were utilized. In the phases of work immersion as to Pre- immersion, Immersion Proper, Post- Immersion there is a positive impact in their experiences on student learning and development. The work immersion program has been effective in improving the students' understanding and proficiency in the different aspect.. Then, the null hypothesis is not supported. There is no significant relationship between the perceived work phases and students’ performance. Then, the null hypothesis is rejected. It may be suggested that the teachers, administrators, students and future researcher may utilize the localized internship program. Since the study is about the phases of work immersion program experienced by the students.
ESENSI AGAMA DALAM KONFLIK SOSIAL DI KABUPATEN POSO MENGGUNAKAN TEORI KARL MARX: SEBUAH LITERATUR REVIEW [THE ESSENCE OF RELIGION IN SOCIAL CONFLICT AT POSO REGENCY USING THE THEORY OF KARL MARX: A LITERATURE REVIEW]
Authors: Sulhan M. , Januri Muhammad Rizal
Published: September 2023

This paper aims to describe the factors behind the conflict that occurred in Poso Regency through analysis of Karl Marx’s theory of conflict and the function of religion as a measure to reduce conflict. In this study, the writing used a qualitative approach and literature review. The results of this study describe that the conflict in Poso Regency is a series of cases that have occurred since 1998 and peaked in 2001. The background of the conflict is in accordance with the assumptions used by Marx: First, using economic determinism, namely by seeing that economic factors are the basic things in structural changes to society. Second, historical determinism, namely the structural change of society through three stages: thesis (affirmation), anti-thesis (negation), and synthesis (reconciliation of opposites). Meanwhile, efforts to reduce religion are based on the function of religion, patterned on the existence of religion in the community, not only as a system of beliefs and beliefs, but religion has several functions, both directly related and in direct contact with the social life of the community, which provide solutions to problems, rules and laws, source of unity, kindness, and glue the relationship between individuals.
KETERKAITAN ANTARA POLA ASUH DAN INNER CHILD PADA PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA DINI: SEBUAH TINJAUAN KONSEPTUAL [THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PARENTING PATTERNS AND INNER CHILD IN EARLY CHILDHOOD'S DEVELOPMENT: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW]
Authors: Nuroh Siti
Published: September 2023

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between parenting and the inner child in early childhood development. This study uses a literature study approach with a descriptive type of research. The results of this study are three kinds of impacts of different parenting styles on early childhood development, namely: (1) If someone knows the inner child and is bad at responding, then it is also bad in producing responses when interacting; (2) If someone knows the inner child and is good at accepting it, it will give birth to good activities or interactions and be able to develop themselves to be even better; and (3) If a person is aware of the inner child and is able to process his wounds into positive or good things, then good things will also be born.
UPAYA GURU TAHFIDZ AL-QUR’AN DALAM MEMBENTUK KEPRIBADIAN QUR’ANI PADA SISWA SMP AL-QUR’AN PONDOK PESANTREN TRI BHAKTI AT-TAQWA LAMPUNG TIMUR [THE EFFORT OF TEACHER TAHFIDZ AL-QUR’AN IN FORMING THE QUR'ANI PERSONALITY IN STUDENTS OF SMP AL-QUR’AN PONDOK PESANTREN TRI BHAKTI AT-TAQWA LAMPUNG TIMUR]
Authors: Suwardi S , Jannah Siti Roudhotul , Syaifullah Muhammad
Published: September 2023

This study aims to describe the efforts of Tahfidz Al-Qur'an teachers in shaping the Qur'anic personality for students of SMP Al-Qur’an Pondok Pesantren Tri Bhakti At-Taqwa Lampung Timur. The research method uses a qualitative study with a case study approach. The data collection techniques used in this study were observation, interviews, and documentation. The results obtained are to form a Qur'anic personality which consists of a repentant soul formed by a teacher acting as a corrector, to form a pious spirit, a teacher acts as a motivator, to form an ihsan soul, a teacher acts as a facilitator, and to form a spirit of ihsan, a teacher acts as an motivator, and to form a positive spirit then a teacher acts as an organizer.
Penanganan Perdagangan Anak Oleh Ditreskrimum di Wilayah Hukum Polda NTT Berdasarkan Konvensi Hak Anak 1989
Authors: Made Dwiky Aryana Ekantara I , Tadeus Dhey Wego , Tukan Elisabeth N. S. Bota
Published: September 2023

Kasus Perdagangan anak merupakan kejahatan yang mengalami pertumbuhan paling cepat di dunia. Nusa Tenggara Timur merupakan salah satu daerah yang tercatat memiliki kasus Perdagangan anak yang signifikan. Penanganan terhadap perdagangan anak menjadi tanggung jawab Kepolisian Republik Indonesia Dalam hal ini Ditreskrimum Polda NTT. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam Penelitian ini adalah dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris. Yaitu menyangkut peraturan (KHA) yang dipakai dalam pemenuhan hak-hak anak sebagai korban perdagangan manusia. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa Ditreskrimum Polda NTT dalam menangani perkara perdagangan anak telah berpedoman pada Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 Tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak (SPPA). Pihak kepolisian Subdit IV Renakta Polda NTT sudah mengedepankan the best of child (kepentingan terbaik untuk anak) di dalam menjalankan proses penyidikan hal ini tentu sejalan dengan teori perlindungan hukum Terhadap anak.
Pengaruh Penyidikan Pajak Terhadap Tingkat Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak dan Penerimaan Pajak
Authors: Waskitho Hutomo Pradito
Published: September 2023

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