bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling the impact of the habituation effect on information spreading processes with repeated contacts under an SI model
Authors: Bartków Piotr , Bortko Kamil , Jankowski Jarosław , Pazura Patryk
Published: April 2023

People are exposed to information from different sources whether or not such exposure is desired. Due to a limited ability to process information, only parts of the messages may be absorbed, and other parts may be ignored. Repeated stimuli lead to lower responses due to the learning process and the habituation effect. While this effect has been intensively studied, mainly in relation to visual stimulus, it is also incorporated in information spreading processes. Information spreading models often assume the possibility of repeated contact, but no habituation effect, which lowers the level of responsiveness of nodes in the network, has been implemented. Here, we study the impact of the habituation effect on information spreading with a susceptible–infected (SI) model, which is often the basis for other models. We assume that a decrease in habituation has an impact on propagation processes. Analysis of the results shows that the course of these propagation processes behave differently, significantly worsening their results. These processes are very sensitive, even to small changes in the level of habituation.
TReSR: A PCR-compatible DNA sequence design method for engineering proteins containing tandem repeats
Authors: Davey James A. , Goto Natalie K.
Published: April 2023

Protein tandem repeats (TRs) are motifs comprised of near-identical contiguous sequence duplications. They are found in approximately 14% of all proteins and are implicated in diverse biological functions facilitating both structured and disordered protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. These functionalities make protein TR domains an attractive component for the modular design of protein constructs. However, the repetitive nature of DNA sequences encoding TR motifs complicates their synthesis and mutagenesis by traditional molecular biology workflows commonly employed by protein engineers and synthetic biologists. To address this challenge, we developed a computational protocol to significantly reduce the complementarity of DNA sequences encoding TRs called TReSR (forTandemRepeat DNASequenceRedesign). The utility of TReSR was demonstrated by constructing a novel constitutive repressor synthesized by duplicating the LacI DNA binding domain into a single-chain TR construct by assembly PCR. Repressor function was evaluated by expression of a fluorescent reporter delivered on a single plasmid encoding a three-component genetic circuit. The successful application of TReSR to construct a novel TR-containing repressor with a DNA sequence that is amenable to PCR-based construction and manipulation will enable the incorporation of a wide range of TR-containing proteins for protein engineering and synthetic biology applications.
Double burden of malnutrition and associated factors among adolescent in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Gezaw Aragaw , Melese Wolde , Getachew Bekalu , Belachew Tefera
Published: April 2023

Background

As adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood malnutrition occurring at this age resonates through generations. Although there were many individual studies in Ethiopia about different form of malnutrition among adolescent, their results are inconclusive indicating the need for generating a pooled estimate of adolescent nutritional status and associated factors. This review and meta-analyses aimed at estimating the pooled prevalence of different forms of malnutrition and associated factors among adolescents in Ethiopia.

Method and materials

We searched data bases from Pub Med, Cochrane Library, Health Inter Network Access to Research Initiative (HINARI), Science Direct and search engines; Google and Google Scholar and other sources; Reference of References and expert contact which were used to select the studies. Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal tool was applied to identify eligible studies. STATA/SE V.14 was used to analyze the data. Effect size with 95% Confidence Interval (CI) and heterogeneity were estimated. Heterogeneity of studies was quantified with I2statistic >50% used as an indicator of heterogeneity. Potential publication bias was assessed using Funnel plots and Egger’s regression test. Trim and fill analysis was also performed. The presences of a statistical association between independent and dependent variables were declared at P <0.05. The PROSPERO registration number for the review is CRD42020159734.

Results

The pooled prevalence of overweight/obesity, stunting and thinness were 10.63% (95% CI: 8.86, 12.40), 20.06% (95% CI: 15.61, 24.51) and 21.68% (95% CI: 9.56, 33.81), respectively. Being female (OR: 2.02, CI: 1.22–3.34), low dietary diversity score (OR: 2.26 CI: 1.28–3.99) and high physical activity (OR: 0.36, 95%CI: 0.14–0.88) were significantly associated with adolescent overweight/obesity. Urban residence (OR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.68–0.99), protected drinking water source (OR: 0.50, CI: 0.27–0.90) and having family size<5 people (OR: 0.54, CI: 0.44–0.66) were independent predictors of adolescent stunting. Early adolescent age (10–14 years) (OR: 2.38, CI: 1.70–3.34), protected water source for drinking (OR: 0.36, CI: 0.21–0.61), low wealth index (OR: 1.80, CI: 1.01–3.19) and family size <5 people (OR: 0.50, CI: 0.28–0.89) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with adolescent thinness.

Conclusion

The prevalence of overweight/obesity, stunting and thinness are high in Ethiopian adolescents indicating the upcoming challenge of double burden of malnutrition. The results imply the presence of double burden of malnutrition among adolescents which heralds the need for programmatic and policy response in terms of addressing modifiable risk factors including: dietary practices, physical activity, water source and economic status of these adolescents.
Use of machine learning to identify risk factors for insomnia
Authors: Huang Alexander A. , Huang Samuel Y.
Published: April 2023

Importance

Sleep is critical to a person’s physical and mental health, but there are few studies systematically assessing risk factors for sleep disorders.

Objective

The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for a sleep disorder through machine-learning and assess this methodology.

Design, setting, and participants

A retrospective, cross-sectional cohort study using the publicly available National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) was conducted in patients who completed the demographic, dietary, exercise, and mental health questionnaire and had laboratory and physical exam data.

Methods

A physician diagnosis of insomnia was the outcome of this study. Univariate logistic models, with insomnia as the outcome, were used to identify covariates that were associated with insomnia. Covariates that had a p<0.0001 on univariate analysis were included within the final machine-learning model. The machine learning model XGBoost was used due to its prevalence within the literature as well as its increased predictive accuracy in healthcare prediction. Model covariates were ranked according to the cover statistic to identify risk factors for insomnia. Shapely Additive Explanations (SHAP) were utilized to visualize the relationship between these potential risk factors and insomnia.

Results

Of the 7,929 patients that met the inclusion criteria in this study, 4,055 (51% were female, 3,874 (49%) were male. The mean age was 49.2 (SD = 18.4), with 2,885 (36%) White patients, 2,144 (27%) Black patients, 1,639 (21%) Hispanic patients, and 1,261 (16%) patients of another race. The machine learning model had 64 out of a total of 684 features that were found to be significant on univariate analysis (P<0.0001 used). These were fitted into the XGBoost model and an AUROC = 0.87, Sensitivity = 0.77, Specificity = 0.77 were observed. The top four highest ranked features by cover, a measure of the percentage contribution of the covariate to the overall model prediction, were the Patient Health Questionnaire depression survey (PHQ-9) (Cover = 31.1%), age (Cover = 7.54%), physician recommendation of exercise (Cover = 3.86%), weight (Cover = 2.99%), and waist circumference (Cover = 2.70%).

Conclusion

Machine learning models can effectively predict risk for a sleep disorder using demographic, laboratory, physical exam, and lifestyle covariates and identify key risk factors.
Economic impact of nature-based tourism
Authors: Gupta Anubhab , Zhu Heng , Bhammar Hasita , Earley Elisabeth , Filipski Mateusz , Narain Urvashi , Spencer Phoebe , Whitney Edward , Taylor J. Edward
Published: April 2023

Protected areas (PAs) can help address biodiversity loss by promoting conservation while fostering economic development through sustainable tourism. Nature-based tourism can generate economic benefits for communities in and around PAs; however, its impacts do not lend themselves to conventional impact evaluation tools. We utilize a Monte Carlo simulation approach with econometric estimations using microdata to estimate the full economic impact of nature-based tourism on the economies surrounding three terrestrial and two marine PAs. Simulations suggest that nature-based tourism creates significant economic benefits for communities around PAs, including the poorest households, and many of these benefits are indirect, via income and production spillovers. An additional tourist increases annual real income in communities near the PAs by US$169—$2,400, significantly more than the average tourist’s expenditure. Conversely, lost tourism due to the COVID-19 pandemic and economic costs of human-wildlife conflict have disproportionately large negative impacts on local incomes.
‘All together now’: Facilitators and barriers to engagement in mutual aid during the first UK COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: Cocking Chris , Vestergren Sara , Ntontis Evangelos , Luzynska Katarzyna
Published: April 2023

Despite undeniable hardship, the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic also saw an outpour of community solidarity and mutual aid towards those in need. This study explored why people participated in mutual aid during the pandemic as well as the factors that contributed to continued involvement and/or its decline. We conducted remote interviews with 17 people in South-east England who had been involved in volunteering and local community mutual aid support groups during the first UK lockdown from March to May 2020. Using thematic analysis, we identified two themes: 1)The emergence of social groups and their psychosocial effects, and 2)Enduring connections and barriers to continued participation. Participants often reported an emergent shared identity, preferring the localised nature of these groups and the associated mutual nature of support. They also reported intentions to continue providing such support, should the need arise again, and any barriers to continued involvement in mutual aid were better explained by structural and systemic issues, rather than individual motivational factors.
Family cohesion predicts long-term health and well-being after losing a parent to cancer as a teenager: A nationwide population-based study
Authors: Birgisdóttir Dröfn , Grenklo Tove Bylund , Kreicbergs Ulrika , Steineck Gunnar , Fürst Carl Johan , Kristensson Jimmie
Published: April 2023

Background

Parentally bereaved children are at increased risk of negative consequences, and the mediating factors most consistently identified are found to be related to family function after the loss, including cohesion. However, existing evidence is limited, especially with respect to children and youths’ own perception of family cohesion and its long-term effects on health and well-being. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate self-reported family cohesion the first year after the loss of a parent to cancer and its association to long-term psychological health and well-being among young adults that were bereaved during their teenage years.

Method and participants

In this nationwide population-based study, 622 of 851 (73%) young adults (aged 18–26) responded to a study-specific questionnaire six to nine years after losing a parent to cancer at the age of 13 to 16. Associations were assessed with modified Poisson regression.

Results

Bereaved youth that reported poor family cohesion the first year after losing a parent to cancer had a higher risk of reporting symptoms of moderate to severe depression six to nine years after the loss compared to those reporting good family cohesion. They also had a higher risk of reporting low levels of well-being, symptoms of anxiety, problematic sleeping and emotional numbness once a week or more at the time of the survey. These results remained statistically significant after adjusting for a variety of possible confounding factors.

Conclusion

Self-reported poor family cohesion the first year after the loss of a parent to cancer was strongly associated with long-term negative psychological health-related outcomes among bereaved youth. To pay attention to family cohesion and, if needed, to provide support to strengthen family cohesion in families facing bereavement might prevent long-term suffering for their teenage children.
EASIER corpus: A lexical simplification resource for people with cognitive impairments
Authors: Alarcon Rodrigo , Moreno Lourdes , Martínez Paloma
Published: April 2023

Thanks to technologies such as the Internet and devices now available to people, we have increasingly greater access to larger quantities of information. However, people with ageing disabilities or intellectual disabilities, non-native speakers, and others have difficulties reading and understanding information. For this reason, it is essential to provide text simplification mechanisms when accessing information. Natural Language Processing methods can be applied to simplify textual content and improve understanding. These methods often use machine learning algorithms and models which require resources, such as corpora, to be trained and tested. This article presents the EASIER corpus, a resource that can be used to build lexical simplification methods to process Spanish domain-independent texts. The EASIER corpus is composed of 260 annotated documents with 8,155 words labelled as complex and 5,130 words with at least one proposed context-aware synonym associated. Expert linguists in easy-to-read and plain language guidelines have annotated the corpus based on their experience adapting texts for people with intellectual disabilities. Sixteen annotation guidelines that discriminate between complex and simple words have been defined to help other groups of experts to generate new annotations. Additionally, an inter-annotator agreement test was performed to validate the corpus, obtaining a Fleiss Kappa coefficient of 0.641. Furthermore, a qualitative evaluation was conducted with 45 users (including people with intellectual disabilities, elderly people, and a control audience). Complex word identification tasks achieved moderate results, but the synonyms proposed to replace complex words achieved almost perfect ratings. This resource has been integrated into the EASIER platform, a tool that helps people with cognitive impairments and intellectual disabilities to read and understand texts more easily.
BlockTicket: A framework for electronic tickets based on smart contract
Authors: Aldweesh Amjad
Published: April 2023

As the use of digital subscription services like electronic tickets (E-ticketing) has grown in the age of e-commerce, so too have instances of copyright and violation. Because it is dependent on the centralized authority administration of authoritative institutions, the traditional E-ticketing system has a significant cost associated with it. Blockchain, which is a distributed system, has the characteristics of decentralization, anonymity, auditability, security, and persistency. These attributes allow it to address the problems that are currently being experienced by the E-ticketing system. In this study, we present a framework for E-ticketing that makes use of blockchain technology. The blockchain-based electronic ticketing model eliminates the involvement of third parties while also lowering the potential of data leaks and improving users’ levels of privacy. This is accomplished by separating the credential information of users from the financial transactions. In the meanwhile, a blockchain implementation of the existing E-ticketing architecture has the potential to improve throughput, reduce the amount of redundant work, and boost the efficiency of consensus. An examination of the experimental data shows that the framework has a number of advantages, some of which are a high throughput, flexible scalability, and efficient ticket holding times.
Household food insecurity and associated factors in South Ari district, Southern Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Toma Temesgen Mohammed , Andargie Kassahun Tamene , Alula Rahel Abera , Kebede Bahiru Mulatu , Gujo Mintesinot Melka
Published: April 2023

Background

Household food insecurity is a major public health problem in Ethiopia despite the presence of various interventions implemented by the government. However, there is a dearth of evidence regarding the prevalence and responsible factors in Ethiopia, specifically in the South Ari district. This study, therefore, aimed to assess household food insecurity and associated factors in South Ari district, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A community-based cross-sectional study was employed from March 11 to April 11, 2021, at South Ari district, Southern Ethiopia. A two-stage sampling technique was used to draw a sample of 717 households. Data were checked and entered into Epi-Data V3.2., and exported to SPSS V25.0 for data exploration and analysis. Variables with a p-value <0.25 in bivariable logistic regression were candidates for multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was fitted to determine factors associated with household food insecurity. Hosmer–Lemeshow goodness-of-fit statistic was used to check model fitness and was satisfied. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine the strength of association. P-value <0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.

Result

The prevalence of household food insecurity was 44.8% (95% CI: 41.1%, 48.5%). Larger family size (8 and above) (AOR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.10, 3.30), high dependency ratio (AOR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.67, 4.40), medium dependency ratio (AOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.62), poor wealth index (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI: 1.53, 3.46), not using agricultural extension service (AOR = 2.25, 95% CI: 1.57, 3.23), and non-beneficiary of productive safety net program (AOR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.01, 2.87) were factors significantly associated with household food insecurity.

Conclusions

The findings of this study showed a significant proportion of households were food insecure in South Ari District. Larger family size, high and medium dependency ratio, poor wealth index, not using agricultural extension service, and non-beneficiary of productive safety net program were significant risk factors associated with household food insecurity. Therefore, rigorous work is highly needed to enhance income-generating activities, strengthen agricultural productivity, expand the productive safety net program, and limit population pressure through improved family planning use.
Epidemiology of strongyloidiasis determined by parasite-specific IgG detections by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on urine samples using Strongyloides stercoralis, S. ratti and recombinant protein (NIE) as antigens in Northeast Thailand
Authors: Eamudomkarn Chatanun , Ruantip Sirowan , Sithithaworn Jiraporn , Techasen Anchalee , Kopoolrat Kulthida Y. , Worasith Chanika , Wongphutorn Phattharaphon , Bethony Jeffrey M. , Laha Thewarach , Sithithaworn Paiboon
Published: April 2023

Detection of anti-Strongyloides IgG in urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis reportedly has comparable performance to conventional serum assays. Initial comparisons of urine assays using commercial ELISA kits designated for serology have shown its diagnostic potential but sub-optimal accuracy. In the present study, we optimized urine ELISA protocols based on different antigen types and evaluated their accuracies in determining the epidemiology of strongyloidiasis in Northeast Thailand. Paired urine and fecal samples of 966 individuals from the study community were collected for three consecutive days and tested for strongyloidiasis. We compared three ELISA protocols using different antigens including crude S. stercoralis antigen (Ss-ELISA), crude S. ratti antigen (Sr-ELISA) and recombinant NIE antigen (NIE-ELISA) and fecal examination by agar plate-culture (APCT) technique and formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT). The optimized ELISA protocols using three different antigen sources yielded significantly higher prevalence rates of strongyloidiasis (58.9–65.1%) than those by fecal examination methods (19.7%). The prevalence of strongyloidiasis determined by ELISA protocols significantly increased with age (p value < 0.0001) and males had higher prevalence than females (p value < 0.0001). Diagnostic agreements between ELISA protocols were moderate (κ = 0.461–0.586) and the agreement between each ELISA protocol and fecal examinations were slight (κ = 0.139–0.210). The results obtained by urine ELISA protocols using three different antigens showed comparable diagnostic performances, provided further supports for the utility of urine as an alternative clinical specimen for diagnosis of strongyloidiasis.
Perceptions about COVID-19 preventive measures among Ghanaian women
Authors: Kyei-Arthur Frank , Agyekum Martin Wiredu , Afrifa-Anane Grace Frempong , Larbi Reuben Tete , Kisaakye Peter
Published: April 2023

Though the advent of COVID-19 vaccines has significantly reduced severe morbidity and mortality, infection rates continue to rise. Therefore, adhering to COVID-19 preventive measures remains essential in the fight against the pandemic, particularly in Africa, where vaccination rates remain low. However, the perceived risk associated with COVID-19 and public education and awareness campaigns has waned over time. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy is consistently high among women globally. This study, therefore, assessed the facilitators, and barriers to adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. A qualitative descriptive study was conducted among Ghanaian women. Twenty-seven in-depth interviews were conducted with women in the Greater Accra and Ashanti regions. All interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim into English. The data were analysed using NVivo 10 software. While some participants found the use of face masks as the easiest, others found it as the most difficult. In addition, institutional and policy decisions such as access to water and the use of public transport impacted individual level adherence to preventive measures. In conclusion, the fight against COVID-19 is not over; hence public education and the provision of facilities that would enhance compliance with preventive measures should continue to be prioritised.
‘An anchor in a stormy sea’: An arts in health project for healthcare staff during COVID-19
Authors: Flahavan Claire , O’Keeffe Antonia , Finucane Emma , Grehan Mary , Twohig Aoife
Published: April 2023

This case study provides an overview of ‘Sidestep’, an arts in health project for staff at a specialist child sexual abuse unit in an Irish paediatric hospital, undertaken during the COVID-19 pandemic. The focus of the project was to provide a ‘virtual creative space’ to support staff across this period of professional and personal challenge. The project was evaluated using pencil and paper questionnaires, and participant feedback is included here, to illuminate the value of an art-based approach to supporting staff well-being at times of crisis and change. Staff described participation in the project as a unique experience which allowed for connection and a sense of ballast during remote working conditions, as well as providing opportunities for meaning-making and reflection. The article is accompanied by images from the project to illustrate the ways in which participants used the image-making process to explore experiences of the pandemic.
Exploring artmaking in a virtual community during COVID-19
Authors: Ridley Susan , Einstein Tamar , McNutt Jill
Published: April 2023

The pressures of caring for those affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and taking care of self and family have put an untold burden on healthcare professionals and educators. This has exacerbated the risk of mental health issues and burnout. It is important for mental health professionals to engage in self-care strategies in dealing with this on-going trauma. Art therapists have creativity to help them cope with difficult circumstances and technology to help connect in community. This report discusses the art salon created by three arts therapists to manage stressors during COVID-19. Through art-based reflective practice, emergent themes surfaced including creating a sacred space, rituals, connections and communication, and creative expression and transformation.
‘You wish to follow your heart, and I wish to nurture my mind’: The figures of the spinster and widow in Bridgerton
Authors: Wyatt Bethany
Published: April 2023

As a romantic drama fictionalizing the Regency marriage mart, Bridgerton () is a series which privileges women’s experiences. From the debutantes entering society, to their ‘ambitious mamas’, feminine narratives play out across the two seasons which have aired to date. Warranting particular attention are the figures of the widow and the ‘spinster’, whose representations this article explores. Bridgerton’s widows are presented as dynamic characters at the centre of their families and the ‘bon ton’, embodying the freedoms elite widows could enjoy. In contrast, the spinster is a topic of (negative) discussion but absent physically, despite the many elite Georgian women who never married. Ideals of independence are explored in some of Bridgerton’s young protagonists, but these are ultimately limited in the constraints of the drama’s romanticized Regency world.
The history behind Bridgerton
Authors: Froide Amy M.
Published: April 2023

While the Bridgerton () series does not present itself as historically accurate, shows set in the past always lead to historical questions. In this article I argue for using fictional historical series as a tool in the classroom and to engage with the public. Bridgerton is a useful entrée into topics it emphasizes, such as the British aristocracy, fashion and design, courtship and marriage and the British colony of India, as well as those that it ignores: male monarchy, patriarchy, singleness and Atlantic slavery.
Primetime pathology: This Is Us and heteronormative ideals
Authors: Kunert-Graf Rachel
Published: April 2023

Despite its popularity with viewers, the television series This Is Us, which aired between 2016 and 2022, has received relatively little scholarly attention. Yet there is an emerging critical consensus that viewers’ self-image and behaviour is informed by the lessons they learn from the series. This article explores the series’ representation of gender as ideological precept, analysing the ways characters modify their behaviour to conform to gendered expectations at the same time as those ideological behaviours lead to relationship conflict. I argue that This Is Us sells viewers the fantasy of good intention and performative affection, whilst implicitly normalizing unhealthy behaviours: poor communication, impulsiveness and self-centred decision-making. That the characters in the show exhibit these traits – these pathologies – is justified in the logic of the show, which paints them as righteous protagonists. Reading the series against the grain reveals that these individual shortcomings can only be understood as pathologies, presented as they are in the series with no material base.
Competencia científica en Educación Primaria: diseño y validación de un instrumento
Authors: Santamaría-Domínguez Mónica , Jiménez-Vivas Amparo , Gómez-Marcos Mayte
Published: April 2023

La etapa de Educación Primaria es esencial en la formación del alumnado, en parte porque en ella se recibe la base de su educación científica. Saber cómo acceden a las distintas materias relacionadas con dicho contenido, cuál es su nivel de conocimiento previo, su predisposición al aprendizaje y cómo son capaces de transferirlo, puede resultar clave para instaurar motivación e interés por el conocimiento científico. Además, la competencia científica conlleva el entendimiento de la realidad desde la evidencia científica y permite tomar decisiones responsables en la vida. Por ello, el propósito fue diseñar y determinar la fiabilidad y validez de un cuestionario de evaluación de la competencia científica en Educación Primaria (COCIP). Así, tras una amplia y exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica, se construyó un cuestionario compuesto por 30 ítems divididos en seis bloques. Posteriormente, se realizó la consulta a jueces expertos, quienes valoraron positivamente la adecuación del cuestionario. A continuación, se realizó un estudio piloto con 20 estudiantes, el cual permitió hacer algunas mejoras del cuestionario. Finalmente, se aplicó el instrumento a una muestra de 709 estudiantes de sexto de Educación Primaria. El análisis de la confiabilidad se calculó a través del análisis de su consistencia interna, y la calidad técnica de cada ítem se analizó a través del modelo de Rasch de la Teoría de Respuesta al Ítem. Los resultados y el análisis permiten concluir que la prueba es original, novedosa y presenta unas buenas propiedades psicométricas, calificándola como un instrumento fiable y válido para medir la competencia científica.
Anti-fasciolic effect of raw seeds of Nigella sativa, Fumaria parviflora (aerial), in naturally infected Buffaloes
Authors: Qureshi Asma Waheed , Akhtar Tanveer , Khan Luqman , Numan Muhammad
Published: April 2023

In the present study Nigella sativa (seeds) and Fumaria parviflora (aerial), were used to treat buffaloes naturally infected with fasciolosis and their efficacy (%) was compared. In vivo, pre-and post-treatment (50 mg, 100 mg, and 150 mg/ kg body weight of the two medicinal plants) fecal egg counts were determined following standard fecal egg count reduction in buffaloes (Babulus sp.) of Nili Ravi breed naturally parasitized with Fasciola sp. The infected buffaloes were randomly divided into 3 main groups’ i.e. A, B, and C. Animals in groups A and B were further subdivided into three subgroups i.e. A1, A2, A3; B1, B2, B3. Sub-groups A1 and B1 were given dose levels of 50mg/kg body weight, A2, and B2, 100mg while A3 and B3, 150mg/kg body weight of Nigella sativa (seeds) and Fumaria parviflora (aerial), respectively. Group C with infected animals served as a control. 2 medicinal plants has been found significantly (P<0.05) efficient (42-100%) and safe to use against fasciolosis.
BERDAKWAH SAMBIL MERAWAT KELUARGA: Aktivitas Khurūj Jama’ah Tabligh Keamiran Metro Lampung pada Masa Pandemi
Authors: Santoso Dri , Syarifudin Ahmad
Published: April 2023

Khuruj is a Tablighi Jamaat program that requires members to leave their homes for a period of time in order to proselytize Islam's principles. According to some academics, khuruj has resulted in the ignoring of some married couple rights and obligations. Due to the restriction of social movement during the covid-19, khuruj was performed with some adjustments to avoid the transmission of coronavirus. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of khurûj on family function among Tablighi Jamaat in Metro Lampung during the pandemic era. This article argues that Tablighi Jamaat in Metro City is divided into two factions, namely Tablighi Jamaat Keamiran and Tablighi Jamaat Syuro Alami. Tablighi Jamaat Keamiran still performs Khurûj throughout the pandemic. From the perspective of family function, the researcher discovered Tablighi Jamaat Keamiran, which has been running on Khurûj in a pandemic situation, does not allow the members of Tablighi to Khurûj while disregarding family members. They must prepare for all the requirements of the family. Khuruj adalah program Jamaah Tabligh yang mengharuskan anggotanya meninggalkan rumah mereka untuk jangka waktu tertentu untuk menyebarkan ajaran Islam. Beberapa riset menunjukkan bahwa khuruj telah berakibat pada pengabaian beberapa hak dan kewajiban pasangan suami isteri. Dalam masa pandemi, akibat pembatasan gerakan sosial selama masa covid-19, khuruj dilakukan dengan beberapa penyesuaian untuk menghindari penularan virus corona. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak khurûj terhadap fungsi keluarga di kalangan Jamaah Tabligh di Metro Lampung pada masa pandemi. Artikel ini berpendapat bahwa Jamaah Tabligh di Kota Metro terbagi menjadi dua kubu, yaitu Jamaah Tabligh Keamiran dan Jamaah Tabligh Syuro Alami. Jamaah Tabligh Keamiran tetap melaksanakan Khurj selama masa pandemi. Ditinjau dari fungsi keluarga, peneliti menemukan Jamaah Tabligh Keamiran yang selama ini menjalankan Khurj dalam situasi pandemi, tidak membolehkan anggota Tabligh untuk Khurj jika dilakukan dengan mengabaikan anggota keluarga. Mereka harus mempersiapkan semua kebutuhan keluarga.
PENGELOLAAN HARTA PUSAKA TINGGI DI MINANGKABAU: Studi Kasus di Kubang Putiah Kecamatan Banuhampu Kabupaten Agam Sumatra Barat
Authors: Indrasukma Andre
Published: April 2023

A change in the management of pusaka tinggi (high heritage assets) in Nagari Kubang Putiah, Minangkabau, prompted this research. This article examines the position of pusaka tinggi in Nagari Kubang Putiah, as well as whether high inheritance management in Nagari Kubang Putiah is governed by Islamic law. The primary data came from interviews, while the secondary data came from literature studies on high heirlooms in Kubang Putiah. The findings show that, first, the position of high heirloom in Nagari Kubang Putiah is as a customary inheritance; second, the management of high heritage assets in Kubang Putiah has changed, not following the applicable provisions; and third, the management of high inheritance assets is following Islamic law, such as hibah (grants). Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya suatu perubahan pengelolaan harta pusaka tinggi di Nagari Kubang Putiah, Minangkabau. Artikel ini menganalisis bagaimana kedudukan harta pusaka tinggi di Nagari Kubang Putiah, apakah pengelolaan harta pusaka tinggi di Nagari Kubang Putiah itu sesuai dengan Hukum Islam. Artikel ini merupakan hasil penelitian lapangan. Sumber data primer diperoleh dari wawancara, sedang data sekunder dari kajian literatur yang terkait dengan harta pusaka tinggi di Kubang Putiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, kedudukan harta pusaka tinggi di Nagari Kubang Putiah adalah sebagai harta waris adat; kedua, pengelolaan harta pusaka tinggi di Kubang Putiah mengalami perubahan; ketiga, dari perspektif hukum Islam, pengelolaan harta pusaka tinggi dapat disamakan dengan harta hibah.
HUKUM PERKAWINAN ISLAM DI RUANG DIGITAL: Bias Gender dalam Wacana Hukum Perkawinan di Instagram
Authors: Handayani Yulmitra
Published: April 2023

This study departs from the widespread social media content created and distributed by conservative groups. One of the topics frequently addressed by this group is family law discourse, which includes instructions for selecting a mate, marriage advice, the fulfillment of rights and obligations in the family, and other topics related to relationships in domestic life. Using Foucault's discourse analysis approach, this article investigates the dominant narratives that portray family law. The data for this study was gathered by examining discourse on the Instagram platforms @nikahsyari.com, @nikahbarokah, and @yuknikah.syari. These platforms were selected based on their popularity—number of followers. This research finds that marriage content on those Instagram platforms reflects what I refer to as fiqh-oriented and gender bias. The vast number of followers divided into online premarital classes enables account managers to subtly support and spread their ideology while attracting as many members as possible to their online courses. As a result, this conservative teaching influences the religious views and practices of their members, particularly regarding marriage and gender relations in the household.Kajian ini berangkat dari maraknya kehadiran konten-konten di media sosial yang dibuat dan disebarkan oleh kelompok konservatif. Salah satu wacana yang sering diusung oleh kelompok ini adalah hukum perkawinan seperti petunjuk memilih jodoh, anjuran menikah, pemenuhan hak dan kewajiban dalam rumah tangga serta topik-topik lain seputar relasi dalam kehidupan rumah tangga. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membedah narasi-narasi dominan yang merepresentasikan hukum keluarga dengan pendekatan analisis wacana Foucault. Data penelitian ini didapatkan dengan cara menginvestigasi wacana dalam platform “@nikahsyari.com”, “@nikahbarokah”, dan “@yuknikah.syar_i”. Platform ini dipilih berdasarkan banyaknya pengikut. Penelusuran terhadap konten-konten pernikahan di Instagram ini merepresentasikan hukum perkawinan dengan berorientasi fikih dan bias gender. Jumlah pengikut yang terbilang ratusan hingga ribuan, yang terbagi kedalam kelas-kelas pranikah online, membuat pengelola akun memiliki kuasa atas pengiringan opini dan penyebaran ideologinya sekaligus menarik sebanyak-banyaknya member dalam kelas onlinenya. Konsekuensinya, ajaran konservatif ini mempengaruhi praktik keagamaan dan cara pandang para member terhadap perkawinan dan relasi gender dalam rumah tangga khususnya.
CONSERVATIVE MUSLIM ON THE SCREEN: The Narrative of Islamic Family Law in Indonesian Films
Authors: Hadi Mukhammad Nur
Published: April 2023

This article focuses on the paradigm of Islamic family law in four Indonesian Islamic films: When Cinta Bertasbih 2 (2009), The Unmissable Heaven (2015), Talak 3 (2016), and Wedding Agreement (2018). This article brings a discussion of family law issues that were constructed in these films, with the purpose to find out what kind of family law tendencies are presented. This research utilizes a qualitative content analysis approach. It means the data was collected by examining scene by scene related to family law issues in the four films and then analyzed. As a result, this article argues that a variety of Islamic family law issues, including unregistered marriage, polygamy, triple talaq, and marriage agreements in the films, tend to result in conservative rather than progressive fiqh. This demonstrates that there is an attempt (wittingly/unwittingly) to emphasize the conservative Islamic family law paradigm in these Islamic films'.Artikel ini fokus pada paradigma hukum keluarga Islam di beberapa film islami Indonesia. Film-film yang dimaksud adalah Ketika Cinta Bertasbih 2 (2009), Surga Yang Tak Dirindukan (2015), Talak 3 (2016), dan Wedding Agreement (2018). Artikel ini menyajikan diskusi isu hukum keluarga yang direka dalam beberapa film tersebut, di mana tujuannya adalah untuk menemukan seperti apa kecenderungan hukum keluarga yang dihadirkan. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan pendekatan analisis isi (content analysis) secara kualitatif. Artinya, data-data dikumpulkan dengan menelaah adegan demi adegan yang berkaitan dengan isu hukum keluarga Islam dalam keempat film tersebut, kemudian dianalisis. Alhasil, artikel ini berargumen bahwa ragam isu hukum perkawinan, seperti nikah siri, poligami, talak tiga, hingga perjanjian perkawinan dalam film-film itu cenderung mengarah kepada fikih konservatif, bukan progresif. Hal ini menandakan adanya geliat mengutamakan paradigma hukum keluarga Islam yang bernalar konservatif dalam film-film tersebut, terlepas apakah itu disengaja atau tidak.
PERFECTION OF SEX FOR THE INTERSEX (KHUNṠA) TO GET MARRIED: Maqāṣid Syarīah Perspective on Corrective Surgery
Authors: April Muhammad , Saiin Asrizal
Published: April 2023

This paper sheds light on the reasons for performing corrective surgery for intersex person to get married. The data were collected through the examination of works on intersex. The results of this study reveal that Islamic law, following the maqāṣid syarīah approach, allows the intersex person to perform corrective surgery with/without the intention of marriage. The choice to conduct corrective surgery does not violate the five principles of maqāṣid syarīa: the principle of religion (ḥifẓ ad-dīn), the principle of the soul (ḥifẓ an-nafs), the principle of mind (ḥifẓ al-‘aql), the principle of descent (ḥifẓ an-nasl), and the principle of property (ḥifẓ al-māl).  However, corrective surgery is limited to the people who biologically have sexual disorders and the surgery must be safe according to medical science.Artikel ini menjelaskan alasan melakukan operasi kelamin bagi orang interseks untuk menikah. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan cara menelaah berbagai literatur yang membahas interseks. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa berdasarkan pendekatan maqāṣid syarīah, hukum Islam membolehkan orang interseks melakukan operasi penyempurnaan kelamin, baik disertai niat untuk menikah maupun tidak terlebih dahulu. Pilihan untuk melakukan operasi penyempurnaan kelamin tidak melanggar kelima prinsip maqāṣid syarīah, yakni prinsip agama (ḥifẓ ad-dīn), prinsip jiwa (ḥifẓ an-nafs), prinsip akal (ḥifẓ al-‘aql), prinsip keturunan (ḥifẓ an-nasl), dan prinsip harta (ḥifẓ al-māl).Namun, operasi penyempurnaan kelamin hanya dapat dilakukan bagi orang yang memang benar-benar secara biologis mengalami kelainan seksual. Dan operasi yang dilakukan harus memenuhi standar ilmu kedokteran.
الزواج بين مختلفي الدين وآثاره في إندونيسيا (دراسة فقهية تحليلية)
Authors: Muqorobin Ahmad
Published: April 2023

The purpose of this study is to examine the law governing interfaith marriage in Indonesia and its implications for the validity of marriage. This research departs from the juridical-normative approach. The data were gathered through an examination of the Marriage Law and a series of regulations, including fatwas issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) and the opinions of classical fiqh scholars on interfaith marriages. The result of this study indicates that the Marriage Law does not confirm the validity of interfaith marriages, while the fatwa of MUI and the Compilation of Islamic Law confirm that the marriage is invalid. This illegitimacy results from the application of the principle of safeguarding the public interest and avoiding harm, particularly with regard to religion. The implication is that marriages between Muslims and non-Muslims are considered illegal throughout Indonesia.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hukum perkawinan beda agama di masyarakat Indonesia, serta implikasinya pada keabsahan perkawinan tersebut. Penelitian ini beranjak dari pendekatan yuridis-normatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara menelaah Undang-Undang Perkawinan, serta serangkaian peraturan di bawahnya (termasuk fatwa Majelis Ulama Indonesia dan pendapat-pendapat ulama fikih klasik) yang berkaitan dengan pernikahan lintas agama. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa, Undang-Undang Perkawinan tidak menegaskan keabsahan pernikahan beda agama, sedangakan peraturan di bawahnya, yaitu: fatwa Majlis Ulama Indonesia dan Kompilasi Hukum Indonesia menegaskan bahwa pernikahan tersebut tidak sah. Ketidakabsahan ini berasal dari penerapan prinsip menjaga kemaslahatan umat dan menghindari kerusakan, terutama menjaga agama. Implikasinya, pernikahan ummat Islam dengan nonmuslim dianggap tidak sah di seluruh Indonesia.هدف هذا البحث لدراسة مكثفة في تحليل القانوني الفقهي بأمر زواج بين المسلمين والديانات الأخرى في مجتمعات إندونيسي، وإبراز الآثار المترتبة من نوع هذا الزواج. واعتمد من خلال هذا البحث بالمنهج الوصفي التحليلي والمنهج الاستقرائي معًا في تناول قانوني الزواج بين مختلفي الدين وحقيقته، ثم استقراء قانون الزواج المطبق من خلال إبراز المشاكل التي فيه والإجابة عنها. ويحصل هذا البحث على نتائج عديدة ومن أبرزها أن قانون الزواج لا يؤكد بصحة الزواج بين الأديان، أما الفتوى مجلس العلماء الإندونيسي وتمشيا مع قرار مجموعة الأحكام الإسلامية يؤكد ببطلان زواج المسلمين من الديانات الأخرى، وذلك لأجل باب جلب مصالح الأمة ودرء المفسدة، وأيضا سد الذريعة في حماية الدين، ومن الآثار المترتبة في نوع هذا الزواج عدم صحة الزواج عند كل الأديان في إندونيسيا.
THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN NUSYŪZ AND DOMESTIC VIOLENCE: The Relevance of Muhammad Sa’id Ramadhan Al-Buthi Thought in Contemporary Context
Authors: Hakim Abdul , Alkosibati Ali
Published: April 2023

Domestic violence is often justified as being legitimized in fiqh. It culminates in a discussion about nusyūz when a husband can beat his wife in response to her resistance. Al-Buthi is a scholar who discusses nusyūz and domestic violence with great vigor. In the context of defending the compatibility of Islamic law in the contemporary era, he argues that nusyūz and domestic violence are not the same. This paper explains Al-Buthi's thoughts on the distinction between nusyūz and domestic violence. Data were gathered by investigating the works of Al-Buthi and other scholars' works related to his thought on the discussed topic and then analyzed qualitatively. This study argues that Al-Buthi emphasizes that nusyūz in Islam is different from domestic violence. In the case of nusyūz, even though the husband is allowed to beat his wife, it is not permissible to beat her seriously. If there are defects caused, then the husband must be responsible. By just refining the meaning of beating, Al-Buthi provides an understanding that the nusyūz rules in Islamic law are still relevant to the current context, particularly to women's rights. Apart from his argument on the stance on women's rights, his thoughts tend to the side of Islamic legal conservatism.[Kekerasan dalam rumah tangga seringkali dijustifikasi sebagai praktek yang dilegitimasi dalam fikih. Puncaknya dalam diskusi tentang nusyūz, ketika seorang suami dapat memukul istrinya sebagai respon atas pembangkangannya. Al-Buthi adalah seorang ulama yang cukup intens membahas nusyūz dan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Dalam konteks mempertahankan kompatibilitas hukum Islam di era kontemporer, ia berpendapat bahwa nusyūz dan KDRT tidaklah sama. Tulisan ini menjelaskan pemikiran Al-Buthi tentang distingsi antara nusyūz dan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Data dikumpulkan dengan menelaah karya-karya Al-Buthi dan artikel jurnal yang terkait dengan pemikirannya dan kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Al-Buthi hanya menegaskan nusyūz dalam Islam berbeda dengan kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Dalam kasus nusyūz, meskipun suami diperbolehkan memukul istrinya, tidak boleh memukulnya dengan serius. Jika ada cacat yang ditimbulkan, maka suamilah yang harus bertanggung jawab. Dengan hanya memperhalus makna dan konsekuensi memukul, Al-Buthi berargumentasi bahwa aturan nusyūz dalam hukum Islam masih relevan dengan konteks saat ini, khususnya menyangkut hak-hak perempuan. Terlepas dari argumennya membela hak perempuan, pemikirannya cukup lebih lebih menonjolkan konservatisme hukum Islam.]