bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of KI as X-Ray Computed Microtomography Contrast Agents for Murine and Chicken Epidermal Tissues Applications
Authors: KOÇ Mümin Mehmet
Published: June 2020

X-ray computed tomography (CT) vastly used in many different applications in different fields such as materials science, medical science, entomology, anatomy, marine sciences. Since the X-ray is highly penetrable, 3D image of almost any material can be achieved by CT. The high quality image of the materials, which compose in different types of atoms, can easily be achieved. However, obtain the high quality images of the materials which has similar types of atoms or relatively soft structure becomes a problem. Scientists investigating the soft tissues such as flesh, muscle, cartilage or animals in soft structure suffer from this problem. At this point, staining procedures, treating materials with contrast agents help the researcher to enhance the image quality. In this work, optimisation of KI based staining to obtain enhanced image quality in CT imaging of murine and chicken dermal tissues were studied. Results indicate that overstaining or staining the tissues in less concentration significantly affects the quality of the obtained CT images.
Cevherleşme sahasında gelişmiş topraklardaki ağır metal kirliliği
Authors: VURAL Alaaddin , ÇİÇEK Bilal
Published: June 2020

Cevherleşme sahalarında gelişmiş
topraklardaki ağır metal kirliğinin araştırılması amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bu
çalışmada Gümüşhane, Torul ilçesi sınırları içinde bulunan Gümüştuğ köyünün
hemen yakınında bulunan antimonit cevherleşmesi sahasında gelişmiş toprakların
ağır metal içeriklerinin araştırılması amacıyla toprak örnekleri alınmış ve
belli başlı ağır metallerin topraktaki konsantrasyonlarını tespit etmek
amacıyla analiz edilmiştir. Topraktaki kirlilik derecesi yaygın olarak
kullanılan jeobirikim indeksi (Igeo) ve kirlilik indeksi (PI) parametreleri hesap
edilerek incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar dikkate alındığında, cevherleşme sahasında
gelişmiş topraklarda özellikle antimon ve bakır açısından yüksek jeobirikim ve
kirlilik indeksi değerleri tespit edilmiştir. Dolayısıyla çalışma sahasında üst
kabuk ortalama değerlerine göre antimon ve bakır açısından kirliliğin/zenginleşmenin
olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sahadaki antimon ve bakır kirliliği/zenginleşmesinin
bölgede gelişmiş alterasyon ve cevherleşmeyle ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Yapılan bu çalışma göstermiştir ki cevherleşme alanları, sahada herhangi bir
madencilik faaliyeti yapılmamış olsa bile ağır metal kirliği riski taşıyan
sahalardır. Dolayısıyla cevherleşme sahalarında ve/veya cevherleşme için
potansiyel olan alterasyon sahalarında ağır metal kirliliği/çevresel amaçlı
jeokimya çalışmaların yapılmasının önemli olduğu görülmektedir.
Binge Drinking and Educational Participation among Youth in the COMPASS Host Study (Year 5: 2016/2017): School Connectedness and Flourishing as Compensatory Factors
Authors: Holligan Simone D. , Qian Wei , De Groh Margaret , Jiang Ying , Patte Karen A. , Battista Katelyn , Leatherdale Scott T.
Published: June 2020

The current study investigated resilience factors influencing the associations between binge drinking and measures of educational participation among Canadian youth. Self reported data were collected during the 2016/2017 school year from 5238 students in Grades 9 through 12 (2744 females, 2494 males) attending 14 secondary schools in Ontario and British Columbia as part of the COMPASS study. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine relationships between binge drinking, school connectedness and flourishing on measures of educational participation. Binge drinking was associated with increased likelihood of skipping classes, going to class without completing homework, lower Math and English scores, and having educational and/or training expectations and aspirations beyond high school only. Decreased flourishing was linked to increased likelihood of going to class with incomplete homework, lower Math and English scores, and decreased likelihood of aspiring and expecting to achieve education and/or training beyond high school only. Increased school connectedness was associated with decreased likelihood of skipping classes and going to class with incomplete homework, higher Math and English scores, and increased the likelihood of aspiring to and expecting to achieve education and/or training beyond high school only. Lower flourishing was additive in its effect on current binge drinking in negatively impacting class attendance and homework completion and academic performance, while higher school connectedness was compensatory in its effect on these outcomes. This study suggests that, for high school students who are susceptible to binge drinking, those who are more connected to school and have a higher sense of wellbeing can maintain active participation in school and achieve their educational goals.
ANALISIS KUALITAS LAYANAN TERHADAP KEPUASAN MAHASISWA: STUDI KASUS PADA STIE MDP PALEMBANG
Authors: Hamzah Ruth Samantha , Almalik Diaz
Published: June 2020

This study aims to analyze the relationship of service quality towards student satisfaction at STIE MDP Palembang in 2016. This is a quantitative study which collected data from questionnaires that were distributed to 30 samples by purposive sampling method. Gap analysis and quadrant analysis have been used in this study. The results have shown that the level of gap service between expectation and perception of customers toward service quality of STIE MDP were measured by the calculation of each dimensions. This measurement can be seen on gap 2, 3, and 4 which showed the dominant positive gap scores, respectively. Therefore, periodic improvements are needed in order to enhance the service quality in achieving student satisfaction optimally.
MODEL DINAMIS DALAM MEMPREDIKSI TIMBULAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA BAUBAU
Authors: Nurfatmala Nurfatmala , Mallongi Anwar , Birawida Agus Bintara
Published: June 2020

Sampah sering dianggap sebagai masalah dalam kehidupan manusia. Di satu sisi sampah merupakan bahanbahanyang tidak bernilai ekonomis sehingga dibuang, disisi lain ada pihak yang menganggap sampah sebagaibarang berguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi timbulan sampah diKota Baubau selama 25 tahun (2017-2042) dan efektifias skenario model timbulan sampah dengan pendekatan model dinamis.Jenis penelitian adalahCross Sectional dengan pendekatan model sistem dinamis yakni pengumpulan data untuk mendesain model yangbertujuan mendeskripsikan dan prediksi ke depan timbulan sampah rumah tangga di Kota Baubau. Populasidalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh rumah yang ada di delapan kelurahan tersebut.Sampel dalam penelitian iniadalah rumah yang berada di kelurahan yang terpilih dengan prosedur simple random sampling dan besar sampel359 rumah. Analisis data yaitu analisis sistem dinamis dengan menggunakan program Stella 5.0. Pemodelandinamik diawali dengan membangun Diagram Alir Model Timbulan sampah. Hasil penelitian ini untuk skenarioI timbulan sampah rumah tangga 25 tahun yang akan datang (2017-2042) meningkat sebesar 0,99 kali lipat.Skenario II menurunkan timbulan sampah rumah tangga 25 tahun yang akan datang (2017-2042) sebesar 1,01kali lipat. Skenario III menurunkan timbulan sampah rumah tangga 25 tahun yang akan datang (2017-2042)sebesar 2 kali lipat. Skenario IV menurunkan timbulan sampah rumah tangga 25 tahun yang akan datang (2017-2042) sebesar 2,82 kali lipat. Skenario ini lebih efektif menekan jumlah timbulan sampah rumah tanggadibandingkan dengan skenario pesimis dan moderat. Disimpulkan estimasi rata – rata timbulan sampah rumahtangga di Kota Baubau, berdasarkan hasil simulasi model dinamis selama 25 tahun (2017-2042) dengan skenariobank sampah, akan mengalami penurunan sebesar 1,01 kali lipat dari total sampah.
ERKEN DÖNEM MEKKÎ SURELERDEKİ NEFİY VE İSTİSNA İLE YAPILAN HASR / KASR BELAGATİ ÜZERİNE HERMENEUTİK BİR DENEME
Authors: KARATAŞ Ali
Published: June 2020

Bir
kimse sözlerini, bir amaca bağlı olarak,  bir üsluba göre dile getirir. Kısacası hale
uygun konuşur. Muhatabın durumuna uymayan ve muhatapla diyaloğun mahiyetine
uygun düşmeyen hitaplar veya hitap ifadeleri halin gereği olmayan ifadelerdir.
Böyle olunca taraflar arasında gerçekleşen iletişim, etkili bir iletişim olmayacaktır.
İletişimdeki unsurları, bir toplumun kendisi üretir. Bu nedenle üsluplar
topluma göre değişir. Üslupların anlamını o üslubu üreten toplum belirler. Bu
durum Arapçadaki üsluplar ve Kur’an için de geçerlidir. Hitabı daha etkili hale
getirmek için muhatabın durumuna ve olaylara göre ifade şekillerini kullanarak
konuşmak gereklidir. Bu anlamda Kur’ân, etkili bir üslup özelliğine sahiptir. Muhatapları
ile iletişim şekli zaman zaman değişmektedir. Kur’an’ın iletişimdeki üslupları
Arap toplumunda kullanılan üsluplardır. Kur’ân’ın, muhataplarına mesajını
iletirken kullandığı üsluplardan birisi hasr/kasr belagatidir. Hasr
bir tekit türü olarak bir ifadedeki bir lafzın veya lafızlar grubunun
diğerlerine özel şekilde tahsis edilmesi ve bu yolla konuşmanın daha etkili
hale getirilmesi olarak değerlendirilebilir. Kur’ân’da da hasr zaman zaman kullanılarak
anlam tekit edilmiştir. İlk dönem Mekkî surelerindeki hasr genellikle müşriklerin
inkârlarını reddetmektedir. Ayrıca onların, iddialarında gerçek bilgiye
dayanmadıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu makale ilgili hususu ele almaktadır. Hasrın
birçok şekli vardır; ancak bu araştırmamızda nefy ve istisna yolu ile yapılan hasr
türünü ele alacağız. Bunu Kur’an’ın tamamında değil, nüzul sürecinin ilk
surelerindeki hasrlarda araştıracağız. Bunun için ilk surelerdeki hasrın bulunduğu
ayetlerde anlamı, hasrın yapılma gerekçelerine göre değerlendireceğiz.
Ayetlerin dilsel izahlarını yaparken ayetlerin indiği bağlam içerisindeki
muhatapla ilişkisini tespit etmeye çalışacağız. Bunun yanı sıra hasrın geçtiği
ayeti değerlendirirken sure bütünlüğünü de dikkate alacağız. İlk surelerde hasrın
kullanılması muhatabın durumuna bağlı olmuştur. Bu tür ayetlerin geliş
nedenlerini tespit etmek hasrın geçtiği ayetleri anlamada etkili bir yoldur. Hasrın
kullanılma nedenlerini bilmek de ayetlerin gelmesindeki psikolojik vasatı
tespit etmeye katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu nedenle Kur’an’ın tamamında hasrın geçtiği
ayetleri incelemek önem arz etmektedir. Fakat bu, araştırmamızın çerçevesini
aşacağı için biz daha özel bir bağlamda hasr üslubunu inceleyeceğiz.
Araştırmamızda yaklaşık olarak Habeşistan’a hicretin gerçekleştiği dönemde
nazil olan Necm suresine kadarki ilk sureleri esas alacağız. Necm suresinden
önce iniş sırası açısından 22 sure bulunmaktadır; ancak bunlardan yedi
tanesinde nefy ve istisna edatı ile yapılan hasr vardır. Bu yedi suredeki hasrın
bulunduğu ayetler vahyin ilk dönemlerinde inanmayanların nasıl bir tutumla Hz.
Peygamber’e karşı çıktıklarını anlatmaktadır.
بناء الشخصيات وأبعادها الاجتماعيّة والنفسيّة في رواية "حمامات بيض ونارجيلة" لأحمد زياد محبّك
Authors: TURKEY Mohamad
Published: June 2020

يُسلّطُ هذا البحثُ الضوءَ على
الشّخصيّات الرّوائيّة وعلى أبعادِها الاجتماعيّةِ والنّفسيّة في رواية
"حمامات بيض ونارجيلة" للرّوائي أحمد زياد محبّك، لِمَا للشّخصيّة من
أهمّيّة كبيرة في أي عمل روائي من جهةٍ؛ فالشّخصيّاتُ تصنعُ الأحداثَ وتحدّدها
زماناً ومكاناً، وهي من الجانبِ الموضوعيِّ أداةُ الروائي ووسيلتُه للتعبيرِ عن
رؤيتِه، وهي من الوجهةِ الفنيّةِ بمثابةِ الطاقةِ الدافعة التي تتحلّقُ حولَها
كلُّ عناصرِ السّرد، والعنصرِ الأساسيِّ الذي تلتقي عنده هذه العناصر كافة. وبغيةَ
توضيحِ الأساليبِ السّرديّة التي استثمرها الروائيُّ في بناء الشخصيات من جهةٍ
ثانيةٍ.ولكي تنطبعَ معالمُ هذه الشخصيات،
وتكونَ قابلةً للحياة في ذهنِ المتلقّي، إلى حدّ تكوينِ صورةٍ مكتملةِ الملامحِ عن
الشخصية الروائية لا بدّ من اطّلاع المتلقي على ما تعيشُه من ظروفٍ حياتيّةٍ
مختلفةٍ، ومعرفةِ مستواها الاجتماعي والاقتصادي والعلمي والثقافي، والمستوى
النّفسي لها وما يرتبط به من أحاسيسَ ومشاعر متنوّعة، والوقوفِ على علاقاتها
المتعدّدة مع الشخصيّات الأخرى في المجتمع الرّوائي الذي تعيش فيه.وجاء اختيار هذه الرواية دون غيرها لأهميّة المرحلة التي تتناولها في تاريخ
سورية عامّة، وحلب خاصة، وهي النصف الثاني من القرن العشرين وبداية القرن الحادي
والعشرين. وقد شهدت هذه المرحلة دخول مدينة حلب ميدان الصناعة، وتشكّلت طبقة جديدة
في المجتمع هي طبقة عمّال المصانع، ورافق ظهور هذه الطبقة فساد إداري مكّن بعض
الأشخاص من استغلاله لصالحهم في حيازة أموال ونقل ملكيات آخرين لا حقّ لهم فيها،
وذلك عن طريق التزوير، ولم تكتف هذه الفئة من الناس عند حدّ سرقة أصحاب رؤوس
الأموال بالتزوير، بل عملت أيضًا على استغلال الطبقة العاملة بعد أن دخلت ميدان
الصناعة، وراحت تعيث فسادًا لزيادة رأسمالها، ولتحقيق أغراض شخصيّة أخرى.هذا الوضع الاجتماعي الجديد ولّد حالةً من القلق والاضطراب النّفسي لدى
الطبقة العاملة والفئة المستغلَّة التي سُرِقت أموالها، وقد نتج عن هذا القلق والاضطراب ردود
أفعال سلبية على الحياة الاجتماعية عامّة.

وقد جاء هذا البحث على جزئيّات، هي:
مقدّمة، وتعريف بالروائي، وملخّص الرّواية، وأنواع الشّخصيّات، وأساليب بناء
الشّخصيّات، وتسمية الشخصيات والعلامة اللغوية لها، والأبعاد الاجتماعية والنّفسية
للشّخصيّات وتجلّياتها في الرواية، وخاتمة ونتائج عامّة، ثمّ توضيح المصادر
والمراجع.
CERH-TA‘DÎLDE RIVAYETLERIN MUÂRAZASI: HAMMÂD B. SELEME’NIN KAYS B. SA‘D RIVAYETI ÖZELINDE
Authors: ÖZÇELİK Fikret
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmada Hammâd b. Seleme’nin Kays b. Sa‘d’dan naklettiği
rivayetler incelenmiştir. Hammâd b. Seleme Hadis münekkitleri tarafından sika
kabul edilmiş; ancak onun Kays b. Sa‘d’dan rivayet ettiği hadisler tartışılmış
ve bundan olsa gerektir ki, bazı âlimler ondan rivayet etmekten imtina
etmiştir. Hadis âlimleri, Hammâd’ın hatasının nedeninin Kays’ın kitabını
kaybetmesi ve ezberinden rivayet etmesi olduğunu söylemişlerdir. Bu söyleme
binaen de “Hammâd, Kays’tan rivayet ettiği hadislerde hata yapmıştır” gibi
genel bir yaklaşım benimsenmiş ve bu ifade birçok cerh-ta‘dîl ve ilel eserinde
yer almıştır. Biz de bu iddiadan yola çıkarak Hammâd b. Seleme’nin Kays b.
Sa‘d’dan rivayet ettiği hadisleri muâraza yöntemiyle ele aldık. Zira bu
yöntemle herhangi bir râvinin rivayetini başka râvilerin hadislerine arz ederek
söz konusu râvinin zabtı, sika râvilere muhalefeti ve hadiste teferrüdü gibi
râvinin cerhine sebep olabilecek durumların tespiti yapılabilmektedir.

Hammâd b. Seleme ile ilgili yaptığımız arz neticesinde aslında
Hammâd’ın, Kays’tan rivayet ettiği birçok hadiste sika râvilere muhalefet
etmediğini, bilakis onun rivayet ettiği hadislerin başka sika râviler
tarafından da nakledildiğini tespit ettik. Aynı şeklide Hammâd’ın teferrüd
ettiği hadislerin de çok az olduğunu gördük. Bu bağlamda Hammâd b. Seleme’nin
Kays’tan rivayet ettiği hadislerde hata yaptığını düşünmenin ve hadis ilminde
otorite olan bazı âlimlerin ondan rivayette bulunmamasının Hammâd ile ilgili
ağır bir tenkit olduğu düşünülebilir. Bazı âlimler de Hammâd’ın ömrünün son
döneminde hafıza kaybına maruz kaldığını ve bundan dolayı hata yaptığını ifade
etmişlerdir. Bu iddia doğru kabul edilse bile yine Hammâd’ın Kays’tan rivayet
ettiği hadislerin terkini gerekli kılmaz. Zira Hammâd ile ilgili olan olumsuz düşünceyi
zayıf kılan en önemli delil, Hammâd’ın Kays’tan rivayet ettiği hadislerin sika
kabul edilen râvilerin rivayetlerine uygunluk arz etmesidir. Bu gerçeklerden
hareketle Hammâd ile ilgili yapılan tenkitlerin pratiğe yani Hammâd’ın
rivayetlerine pek de uymadığı söylenebilir. Dolayısıyla Hammâd, Kays’tan
rivayet ettiği hadislerde hata yapmıştır gibi genel yaklaşımda bulunmak yerine
Hammâd’ın Kays’tan rivayet ettiği hadislerin tek tek incelenmesi gerektiğini
düşünüyoruz. Biz de çalışmamızda bunu yapmaya çalıştık.
Flower Garlands in the Flemish Painting of the XVII Century
Authors: Alice Joan Hu
Published: June 2020

The paper aims to trace the history of flower garlands in the Flemish painting of the XVII century. Scientific originality of the study involves justifying the thesis that the motive itself and the “flower garland” religious painting genre were very popular in the art of Flanders in the XVII century; its origin is associated with the most important trends in historical development of the West European countries. The following conclusions are justified: flower garlands appeared in the Flemish painting in the XVII century, their history is closely associated with the Catholic faith; “flower garland” paintings performed different functions, the most important of which was specified in statutes of the Council of Trent.
Drug-Induced Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Pereverzev A. P. , Ostroumova O. D.
Published: June 2020

Drug-induced fatty liver disease (DIFLD) covers a group of adverse drug reactions whose prevalence accounts for about 10% of all adverse reactions. The aim of this review was to analyse and summarise data on medicines that can potentially lead to the development of DIFLD, as well as on the pathophysiological mechanisms of its development, methods of its diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. The analysis of scientifi c literature showed that most often this complication occurred following the use of amiodarone, methotrexate, tamoxifen, valproic acid, and some other medicines. It was demonstrated that the main risk factors for developing DIFLD are comorbidity/polymorbidity and mitochondrial dysfunction. Due to the lack of pathognomonic clinical manifestations of DIFLD the best approach to making diagnosis is to obtain a thorough medical history, including medication history, to use RUCAM and Naranjo scales, to analyse a number of blood chemistry parameters (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase), and, if necessary, to perform liver biopsy. Whenever DIFLD is observed in a patient, it is necessary, if possible, to discontinue the use of the medicine that caused the adverse reaction, or to lower its dose and to exclude the factors that may potentially aff ect the patient’s condition. The following measures will help healthcare professionals to prevent and detect DIFLD in a timely manner: observing the requirements of the patient information leafl et, taking into account any comorbidity and potential adverse drug interactions, as well as regular monitoring of the condition of patients taking medicines with known hepatotoxic eff ects.
Evgeny Nikolaevich Sedov: a leading breeder of pome fruit crops in Russia
Authors: Galasheva A. M. , Yanchuk Т. V. , Krasova N. G.
Published: June 2020

Acad. Evgeny Nikolaevich Sedov, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, Full Member of the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Full Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, Scientist Emeritus, is an outstanding researcher and breeder, author of 90 apple and pear cultivars, founder of a scientific school specializing on priority trends in pome fruit breeding: – development of adaptable triploid apple cultivars with regular fruiting, high marketability of fruits, and increased self-fertility; – development of apple cultivars immune or highly resistant to scab; – development of triploid apple cultivars with immunity to scab; – development of columnar apple cultivars for super-intensive orchards and main technology elements for their cultivation; – development of apple cultivars with improved biochemical composition of fruits with higher content of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and Р-active substances (vitamin Р).
Ranking the VIR collection of maize (Zea mays L.) according to the traits valuable for breeding in the soil and climate environments of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Govor Ye. M. , Khatefov E. B.
Published: June 2020

Background. Studying the maize collection held by VIR requires a comprehensive assessment of all its traits of breeding value. The soil and climate conditions in Gomel Province, Republic of Belarus, are characterized by insufficient levels of rainfall and total active temperatures during the initial stages of organogenesis in maize plants, therefore it is important to take into account these specific climate features when selecting the source material for breeding.

Materials and methods. Sixty-seven maize accessions from the VIR collection (reproductions of 1975–1980) were phenotyped according to major traits of breeding value. The experiments were performed in 2016 and 2017 in two replications.

Results. Analyzing the duration of the period from emergence to cob flowering helped to identify 61% of the accessions that were classified into early- and mid-ripening groups; 55% that were severely damaged by Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., and 45% showing weak and medium damage; 7.5% severely affected by Ustilago maydis (DC.) Corda, and 67% without damage. Maize lines were identified (YuV24, CM7, TF907, Fc1554) with low harvesting moisture content in grain (up to 20%), lines (TF907, TF903, TF901, CM25, YuV24) with high grain yield per cob (80%), and lines (P346, Fc1554, Q184, TF903, F676) prone to the formation of two ears.

Conclusion. The research results proved the efficiency of the assessment of maize accessions from VIR for traits of breeding value in the water- and heatdeficient environments of Belarus in order to use them as source material in hybrid breeding.
Plant breeding evaluation of the red currant cultivar ‘Podarok Pobeditelyam’ and its inbred progeny
Authors: Golyaeva O. D. , Panfilova O. V. , Kalinina O. V.
Published: June 2020

Background. Inbreeding, as a way to produce progenies from organisms in different degrees of kinship, is an important genetic and breeding technique used to improve various crops, including fruit and berry plants. Inbreeding has not been extensively used with red currant, so a study of the possibility to employ closely related crosses in breeding practice with this crop remains relevant. The purpose of this study was to assess the breeding potential of the red currant cultivar ‘Podarok Pobeditelyam’ by disclosing economic and biological characteristics in its inbred progeny.

Methods and materials. The research was carried out at the red currant breeding site of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK, Orel) in 2016–2018. The seedlings obtained from the self-pollination of a new red currant cultivar, ‘Podarok Pobeditelyam’, were the objects of the study. Records and observations were carried out according to the program and methodology for breeding and variety studies of fruit, berry and nut crops.

Results and conclusion. The percentage of long-cluster seedlings (cluster length > 10 cm) in the inbred progeny of cv. ‘Podarok Pobeditelyam’ was 21.8%; segregation of large-fruited seedlings (berry weight > 0.65 g) was observed at the level of 17%; the maximum degree of transgression (Tsmax) was 42%; and the incidence of transgressive seedlings was 37%. The analysis of the progeny showed that cv. ‘Podarok Pobeditelyam’ is a homozygote for the dominant Rc gene that controls the red color of the berries, and displays donor properties for the trait “dry detachment of berries”. The study of the cultivar’s self-pollinated progeny did not reveal any inbreeding depression in F1 seedlings from closely related crosses as far as plant condition or productivity is concerned. The selected seedlings are of interest for further variety research and use in breeding practice as new source material.
Chemical composition of bird cherry fruits in the Northwestern region of Russia
Authors: Orlova S. Yu. , Yushev A. A. , Shelenga T. V.
Published: June 2020

Background. Among stone fruit plants, a special place belongs to bird cherry (Padus Mill.). As a food plant, it has found use in areas with harsh climate conditions. Since the breeding of bird cherry cultivars for food purposes continues to develop, there is a need to know the chemical composition of its fruits. The aim of this research was to study bird cherry in the environments of the Russian Northwest and isolate genotypes with an optimal biochemical composition for subsequent use.

Materials and methods. Fruit composition in 21 accessions from the bird cherry collection was analyzed in 2009 and 2011–2013 at the Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory of the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR). Biochemical studies were performed using the methods adopted at VIR. Statistical processing of the data obtained was made using the Microsoft Excel software package.

Results. The best genotypes were selected for each chemical component: for increased soluble solid content (SSC), accessions of Group I ‘Nevesta’ (29.63%), 1-1-8 (30.35), ‘Carpaty 5’ (30.87), ‘Chaika’ (33.9); for accumulation of sugars, ‘Granatovaya grozd’ (Group III; 12.13%), 1-1-8 (Gr. I; 12.5), ‘Pamyati Salamatova’ (Gr. IV; 12.8); for low acid content, ‘Sibirskaya krasavitsa’ (Gr. II; 1.03%), 1-1-8 (Gr. I; 1.14) ‘Granatovaya grozd’ (Gr. III; 1.17), ‘Zelenoplodnaya’ (Gr. I; 1.21), ‘Pozdnyaya radost’ (Gr. III; 1.25); for high content of ascorbic acid, 1-1-8 (Gr. I; 19.1 mg/100 g), ‘Sakhalinskaya chernaya’ (Gr. I; 19.35) ‘Rannyaya kruglaya’ (Gr. IV; 20.65), ‘Krasny shater’ (Gr. II; 21.23); for triterpene (ursolic, oleanolic) acids, ‘Cherny blesk’ (Gr. IV; 0.045%) and ‘Atica’ (Gr. I; 0.056).

Conclusion. Significant differences were found in SSC between accessions of Groups I (P. avium) and II (P. avium × P. virginiana); and in the sugar/acid ratio (SAR), between I (P. avium) and IV (seedlings of cv. ‘Pamyati Salamatova’); II (P. avium × P. virginiana) and III (P. virginiana × P. avium); III (P. virginiana × P. avium) and IV (seedlings of cv. ‘Pamyati Sala matova’).
Determinants of students’ entrepreneurial intention
Authors: Zovko Luka , Bilić Ivana , Dulčić Želimir
Published: June 2020

As to contribute to the literature on entrepreneurial intention, a survey was conducted on a sample of Croatian students and their entrepreneurial intentions, by using Ajzen's (1991) theory of planned behaviour. This theory determines intention through attitudes, behavioural control (self-efficacy), and social norms. Additional four determinants were investigated: role models, education, needs for achievement, and propensity towards risk. We propose that individuals exposed to role models and entrepreneurial education, as well as those who have a higher level of need for achievement and propensity towards risk, are more likely to set up a venture. The survey was conducted at the Faculty of Economics, Business and Tourism, University of Split, Croatia and the obtained data were analysed by using the structural equation modelling technique. A total of 160 survey responses from students were obtained. It was found that attitudes and propensity towards risk positively affect entrepreneurial intention. Surprisingly, self-efficacy and social norms, in addition to role models, education, and the need for
achievement, failed to produce a significant effect on entrepreneurial intention.
Open innovation and business performance improvement in strategic business alliances
Authors: Strašek Aleksander , Pušavec Franci , Likar Borut
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the research was to investigate whether the companies involved in strategic business alliances (henceforth referred to as the SBA) have a higher level of open innovation and better business results in the metal industry in the EU country, namely Slovenia. The survey was carried out in 115 companies, where the aforementioned relations and their influence were studied applying appropriate statistical methods (e.g. the Mann-Whitney Test, Chi-Square statistics, t-test, etc.). The sample encompassed four clusters and R&D centres from metal-processing industry. The results showed that SBA have a significantly strong impact on companies’ open innovation as well as more efficient cooperation with universities and research institutions. Among the companies involved in SBA, the portion of innovations generated in cooperation with their business partners accounted for 57.7%, while those, not involved in SBA, the same indicator amounts to 19%. In addition, the results showed that the majority of business results, in companies involved in SBA, were above average, compared to the industry sector average values. The value added per employee within companies involved in the SBA was significantly higher than the industry average, as well as the profits; difference was more than threefold. It may be concluded that SBA represent an important bridge in the transformation from a closed innovation model to a model of open innovation, resulting in better business performance. Important implication for companies is related to the message that cooperation with competitors may bring value added to all companies involved.
Training and Assistance in Preparing Class Action Research Proposals for Science Teachers in Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency
Authors: Dewantara Dewi , Zainuddin Zainuddin , Wati Mustika , Suyidno Suyidno , Misbah Misbah , Haryandi Surya , Rahmattulah Panji , Munir M Jiddan Mishbahul
Published: June 2020

This article has a focus on describing the effectiveness of the training and assistance in preparing class action research proposals for science teachers in Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency. This training activity took place at SMPN 10 Barabai, which was attended by 36 science / science teachers in Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency. The effectiveness of training and mentoring can be seen from the achievements of teachers as seen from the pretest and posttest. The results of the pretest and posttest were tested whether there was a significant difference between the pretest and posttest values using the paired sample t-test. If the paired sample t-test results indicate significant differences between the pretest and posttest values, then proceed with the N-gain test. The effectiveness of the conclusion is the training and assistance in preparing class action research proposals for science teachers in the Hulu Sungai Tengah Regency in the high category. Thus, it is recommended that further training be carried out related to writing class action research reports. This kind of training is also needed for teachers in other regions, as well as in other subjects.
Endoscopic stenting for malignant tumors in the area of the bauginium fl ap
Authors: Vodoleev A. S. , Burdyukov M. S. , Pirogov S. S. , Karpova E. S. , Sukhin D. G. , Perfiliev I. B. , Veselov V. V. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: June 2020

Introduction. Stenting in the ileocecal region is not a routine procedure. Proximal colonic obstruction is generally managed with primary surgery, although there are no RCTs to support this assumption. Recent reports have shown that emergency right colon resection can be associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. We report about 8 cases of obstructive ileocecal cancer for palliative treatment. Case report. Four men and 4 women (mean age, 69 years; range, 62–82 years) were stenting for obstructive ileocecal cancer between September 2014 and December 2019. Emergency SEMS placement was attempted in the remaining 5 cases. An uncovered colonic stent (S&G Biotech; Boston Scientifi c) 22, 24, 25 mm in diameter, 6, 8or 9cm in length, was used. Clinical success is achieved in all cases. One patient was diagnosed with stent migration 4 weeks after stenting, and repeated stenting was performed. Five patients received chemotherapy after stenting, two patients refused further treatment. Discussion. Placing SEMS for ileocecal obstruction is technically challenging for the following reasons. The long distance from the anus, tortuosity of the bowel and angled anatomy of stricture make an ileocecal lesion difficult to reach endoscopically. SEMS can be an alternative to emergency surgery for obstruction due to right colon cancer. In our study, we had migration in 1 case, no perforations or stent ingrown were detected. Conclusion. Stenting for malignant tumors of the ileocecal region, complicated by intestinal obstruction is an eff ective and safe minimally invasive intervention, and can be used as an alternative to emergency surgery.
Neuroendocrine tumors of the appendix
Authors: Trifanov V. S. , Kit O. I. , Kolesnikov E. N. , Snezhko A. V. , Sanamyanz S. V. , Kozhushko M. A. , Mesheryakova M. Yu.
Published: June 2020

The aim. The aim of our study was to analyze the available data from literature sources concerning the issues of epidemiology, pathology, clinic, diagnosis, and features of surgical treatment of neuroendocrine tumors of the vermiform process. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of foreign and domestic literature sources that contain upto-date information about the state of the problem of neuroendocrine tumors of the vermiform process Results. Appendicular neuroendocrine tumors (ANEO) account for up to 16.7% of all neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. In 54% of cases, ANEO show themselves for the fi rst time with a picture of an acute abdomen that resembles that of acute appendicitis. The main method of treatment is surgical. So far, there are no clinical guidelines that specify clear criteria for performing an appendectomy or right-sided hemicolectomy. Although gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors are less sensitive to it, there is evidence of a good response to temozolomide therapy (CAPTEM scheme: temozolomide+capecitabine). Octreotide can also be eff ective, especially in the group of functionally active ANIOS. The 5-year survival rate of patients with ANEO is 94% for tumors up to 1 cm in diameter, 70.5% for tumors larger than 2 cm, and 33.7% for distant metastases at the time of diagnosis. Conclusion. Treatment of patients with ANEO gives rise to the following confl ict situation: on the one hand, the risk of recurrence of the disease in the long term is quite low, but if it occurs, it signifi cantly worsens the prognosis and, consequently, signifi cantly affects the overall survival. We emphasize the need to further study the biological properties of ANIO, the importance of generalizing all available data, which is possible only with close international contact of scientists around the world.
Use interleukin-10 as the therapeutic agent for COVID-19
Authors: Hu Wan-Chung
Published: June 2020

The global outbreak of COVID-19 has a detrimental impact on public health. COVID-19 is usually manifested as pneumonia which can progress into acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Currently, we have not yet a very successful therapeutic agent to manage this disease. The most promising drug, Remdesivir, has the effectiveness in 30% of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. We still need effective agents to treat the coronavirus as well as to treat acute lung injury and other complications caused by this coronavirus. The host immunological pathway against virus is typically a THalpha/beta immune response. The THalpha/beta immunity is triggered by type 1 interferon and interleukin 27. The main effector cells of THalpha/beta immune response is interleukin 10 secreting CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, NK cells, and IgG1 producing B cells. Besides, interleukin 10 has a potent immunomodulatory or anti-inflammatory effect. In addition, IL-10 is an anti-fibrotic agent to reduce fibrosis. Interleukin 10 can ameliorate acute lung injury or ARDS, especially caused by viruses. The pathogenesis of ARDS is overt immune activation in lung. Thus, I suggest to use interleukin 10 for the possible treatment agent for COVID-19.
Does Messengerhood Ended?
Authors: Ali Abdella Yimam
Published: June 2020

Does Messengerhood Ended?
Odd-skipped related 2 (OSR2) is differentially expressed in high-grade serous ovarian cancers.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: June 2020

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer (1). We sought to identify genes associated with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) by comparing global gene expression profiles of normal ovary with that of primary tumors from women diagnosed with HGSC using published microarray data (2,3). We previously identified forkhead box L2 (4), (FOXL2) as among the genes whose expression was most different in HGSC ovarian tumors when compared to the ovary. Here, we find that potential FOXL2 transcriptional target (5,6) odd-skipped related gene OSR2 (7) is differentially expressed in high-grade serous ovarian cancer, and could be observed in independent tumor microarray data (2,3). These data reveal perturbed expression of a target gene of a key transcription factor and specifier of ovarian cell fate in high-grade serous ovarian cancers.
A variational approach to scripts
Authors: Albarracin Mahault , Constant Axel , Friston Karl , Ramstead Maxwell
Published: June 2020

This paper proposes a formal reconstruction of the script construct by leveraging the activeinference framework, a behavioural modelling framework that casts action, perception,emotions, and attention as processes of (Bayesian or variational) inference. We propose afirst principles account of the script construct that integrates its different uses in thebehavioural and social sciences. We begin by reviewing the recent literature that uses thescript construct. We then examine the main mathematical and computational features ofactive inference. Finally, we leverage the resources of active inference to offer a formalmodel of scripts. Our integrative model accounts for the dual nature of scripts (as internal,psychological schema used by agents to make sense of event types and as constitutivebehavioural categories that make up the social order) and also for the stronger and weakerconceptions of the construct (which do and do not relate to explicit action sequences,respectively).
Exposure to COVID-19 Pandemic Stress: Associations with Depression and Anxiety in Emerging Adults in the U.S.
Authors: Kujawa Autumn , Green Haley , Compas Bruce , Dickey Lindsay , Pegg Samantha
Published: June 2020

Background: Stressful events due to the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to have profound effects on mental health, and validated methods for assessing these experiences and associations with psychopathology are needed. We developed the Pandemic Stress Questionnaire (PSQ) and tested its psychometric properties, characterized experiences in emerging adults, and examined associations with internalizing symptoms. Methods: Emerging adults (N=450) completed the PSQ and measures of internalizing symptoms and perceived stress through an online platform in May 2020. One month later, 288 participants completed a follow-up questionnaire to assess reliability of the PSQ and longitudinal associations between stress and internalizing symptoms. Results: Results supported the validity/reliability of the PSQ and indicated that stressful events were highly prevalent in May, particularly among younger, female, and Black emerging adults. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were high overall, but decreased at the follow-up assessment. Pandemic-related stress was moderately associated with both depression and anxiety at each assessment, but baseline stress did not predict change in symptoms when controlling for baseline symptoms. Conclusions: Results provide empirical evidence that emerging adults are at high risk for depression and anxiety related to the psychosocial effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, and highlight specific types of experiences associated with greatest risk. Further, this study provides support for a questionnaire measure of experiences related to the COVID-19 pandemic that can be applied in future work to advance understanding of risk and resilience in response to stressful events.
Don’t overthink: fast decision making combined with behavior variability perceived as more human-like
Authors: Marchesi Serena , Pérez-Osorio Jairo , De Tommaso Davide , Wykowska Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

Understanding the human cognitive processes involved in the interaction with artificial agents is crucial for designing socially capable robots. During social interactions, humans tend to explain and predict others’ behavior adopting the intentional stance, that is, assuming that mental states drive behavior. However, the question of whether humans would adopt the same strategy with artificial agents remains unanswered. The present study aimed at identifying whether the type of behavior exhibited by the robot has an impact on the attribution of mentalistic explanations of behavior. We employed the Instance Questionnaire (ISQ) pre and post-observation of two types of behavior (decisive or hesitant). We found that decisive behavior, with rare and unexpected “hesitant” behaviors lead to more mentalistic attributions relative to behavior that was primarily hesitant. Findings suggest that higher expectations regarding the robots’ capabilities and the characteristics of the behavior might lead to more mentalistic descriptions.
“To clean or not to clean?” Reducing daily routine hotel room cleaning by letting tourists answer this question for themselves
Authors: Cvelbar Ljubica Knezevic , Grün Bettina , Dolnicar Sara
Published: June 2020

Changing default settings has proven to be a powerful approach to influencing consumer decisions without denying consumers the possibility of choosing freely. This is only the second study investigating the effectiveness of defaults in tourism, and the first testing also the combined effect of default changes and pro-environmental appeals in the context of changing room cleaning defaults in hotels from automatic daily cleaning (with the choice of opting out) to no daily routine cleaning (with the choice of opt-in and requesting a free room clean every day). Results from a quasi-experimental study conducted in a three-star city hotel suggest that the change in defaults significantly reduced room cleaning, with only 32% of room cleans requested on average. Adding a pro-environmental appeal to the change in defaults did not further reduce room cleaning overall, but has an effect on certain segments of hotel guests.
Nonspecific food dependant exercise-induced anaphylaxis with seizure: a case report
Authors: Karadan Ummer , Manappallil Robin George , Zacharia Ivin Panakkel , Anand Thushara
Published: June 2020

Exercise has been associated with several systemic reactions. These reactions can vary from mild symptoms to life threatening situations like anaphylaxis. In many of these cases, a predisposing factor in the form of food has been noticed. People may develop anaphylaxis on exercising after consumption of a nonspecific or specific food item. The patient being described developed anaphylaxis with seizure on exercising after having his meal. Nonspecific food dependant exercise-induced anaphylaxis is a rare scenario. Proper history taking is essential, as it can be lifesaving.
The Effect of Lansium domesticum Corr. (Duku) Seed Extract on Wound Healing
Authors: Umar Tungki Pratama , Wijaya Fernando , Ernanto Junoretta Haviva , Parulian Theodorus
Published: June 2020

Background: A wound is an injury caused by a cut, blow, or any else that typically involves laceration. For the treatment of infections and promoting wound healing, povidone-iodine is usually used but sometimes it can lead to irritation. The researcher would like to develop Lansium domesticum Corr. (duku) seed extract ointment to promote wound healing.

Materials and Methods: This experimental study was done on 30 rats which are divided into six groups namely negative control, positive control (povidone-iodine 10%), the experimental group with three different concentration of Lansium domesticum seed extract ointment (2.5%, 5%, and 10%) and followed for three days to assess wound size. Approval was acquired by the Research Ethics Committee of the Sriwijaya University Faculty of Medicine, Palembang, Indonesia. In vitro capacity of Lansium domesticum extract also assessed by measuring inhibitory diameter.

Results: After three days of treatment, there is a significant difference in wound closure for all groups (p<0.05) except for the negative control group. The best wound closure was found in a 10% extract group with average wound size decreasing by 0.3 cm. For in vitro activity, only 10% Lansium domesticum seed extract ointment which is showing inhibitory zone at 3 mm of diameter.

Conclusion: Lansium Domesticum Corr. seed extract ointment has the potency to promote wound healing on rats in addition to its small antimicrobial activity.
Knowledge and Preference for Refractive Surgery and Preferred Methods of Refractive Correction among Patients with Significant Refractive Errors Attending Bharatpur Eye Hospital, Nepal
Authors: Giri Puspa , Bhandari Gopal , Sah Ranjeet
Published: June 2020

Background: Refractive errors are a major cause of defective vision in all age groups. Although contact lens and refractive surgery are popular, still spectacles are the traditional and most widely used method of optical correction. The main objective of the study was to determine the knowledge and preference for refractive surgery and preference for refractive correction.

Materials and Methods: Questionnaire based study was conducted among 252 participants aged between 22-40 years with significant refractive errors (>±1.00D) for a period of three months between June to August 2017. Participants who had prior refractive surgery and not willing to participate were excluded from the study.

Results: One hundred and forty (55.6%) were males and majority (76.6%) of the participants were in the age range 22-30 years. Myopia (60%) was more prevalent followed by astigmatism (38%) and hypermetropia (2%) with refractive power between 1-3 D in 72.5% of participants. Only 61(24%) of the participants had knowledge about refractive surgery.  Forty three percentages of them knew from their friends, internet was source of information for 36% and only 19% of them knew from eye care professionals. Majority (87.3%) preferred spectacles 4.8% preferred contact lens and only 8% preferred refractive surgery as methods of refractive correction. Only 44% showed willingness for refractive surgery when available at Bharatpur Eye Hospital. Participants with prior knowledge (p=0.002), higher refractive error and longer duration of glass wear (P=0.005) had more preference for refractive surgery.

Conclusion: The knowledge, preference and willingness for refractive surgery were less with spectacle being the most preferred methods of refractive correction.
O inwencyjnym zapleczu Kazania przy przyjmowaniu świątości małżeństwa Józefa Wereszczyńskiego
Authors: Sitko Anna
Published: June 2020

The article presents Stadło małżeńskie by Jan Płoczywłos Mrowiński (1514–1580) as one of the inspirational sources of Kazanie przy przyjmowaniu świątości małżeństwa by Józef Wereszczyński (b. after 1531, d. 1598). In the latter work, the quotations taken from the first work on marriage in the Polish language are intertwined with excepts from Żywot człowieka poczciwego [Life of an Honest Man] by Mikołaj Rej (1505–1569). As an author of the sermon in question prepared for the occasion of Stanisław Piotrowski’s betrothal, Wereszczyński rarely utilised the excerpts from Mrowiński’s treatise mechanically. He rather tends to abbreviate the fragments of Stadło małżeńskie, translocate them, develop on their pattern, and device substitution (e.g. by replacing biblical quotes with proverbs). It has to be emphasized that the Catholic preacher shared Mrowiński’s conviction regarding the voluntariness of entering into marriage, which ought to be based on mutual love.
Od-zdarzanie się zdarzeń. (O liryce Stanisława Czerniaka)
Authors: Dybel Paweł
Published: June 2020

The article discusses philosophical poems by Stanisław Czerniak published in recent years, where a perceivably intensified motif has been the criticism of contem-porary culture more and more dependent on the Internet-based virtual worlds. The accuracy of the said criticism is pointed out, for it reveals the superficial and illusionary character of individual identity built upon those worlds. A lot of space is devoted in the article to the analysis of sophisticated “word plays”, characteristic for Czerniak’s works, imbuing it with a character that remains exceptional, distinctively individual in contemporary Polish poetry.