bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D-Pharmacophore and Molecular Docking Studies for AcrAB-TolC Efflux Pump Potential Inhibitors from DrugBank and Traditional Chinese Medical Database
Authors: Phan Thien-Vy , Nguyen Cao-Hoang-Hao , Nguyen Vu-Thuy-Vy
Published: December 2022

Background: Due to the widespread resistance to several antibiotics, the AcrAB-TolC tripartite efflux pump is the primary multi-drug efflux system of Escherichia coli. One of the most promising treatments since the discovery of efflux pump inhibitors is the combination of them with antibiotics.
AIM: Based on the efflux pump inhibitor database and the structure of AcrB, the research was created the virtual screening models with prediction capabilities for the efflux pump inhibitory effects of candidates from the DrugBank and Traditional Chinese Medical databank.
Methods: The pharmacophore models were developed by MOE 2015.10 software using a database of 119 efflux pump inhibitors discovered in 12 research publications and belonged to different structural classes. The binding site was found on the AcrB protein (PDB: 4DX7) by LeadIT 2.0.2 software that corresponds to the hydrophobic trap in the proximal pocket.
Results: The potential inhibitors which satisfied the pharmacophore model and had docking scores under -20 kJ.mol-1 have been established. In which, TCM_20290, DB00303, DB04642, DB08116, TCM_29530, and 2,5-dimethyl-3-O-D-glucopyranosyl-naphthol have the best docking scores of -32.76, -26.59, -26.14, -25.62, -24.88, and -22.82 kJ.mol-1, respectively.
Conclusions: After the screening, the result was obtained six compounds may be potential efflux pump inhibitors that can be used for additional studies. In the future, further in vitro and in vivo research should be required to confirm the effects of these compounds. The ongoing battle against antibiotic resistance shows promise with the finding on initiators that can obstruct AcrAB–TolC multidrug efflux pumps.

Keywords: AcrAB-TolC, inhibitors, Escherichia coli, pharmacophore, molecular docking.
Changement climatique, migration et (bio)politiques
Authors: Bettini Giovanni , Dessendier Emmanuel
Published: December 2022

Depuis des années, Giovanni Bettini poursuit des recherches à l’université de Lancaster sur les effets politiques des discours concernant l’environnement et le climat. Dans cet article ancien de 2017 1 , il développe des thèses qui méritent d’être connues du public français en raison de leur force et de leur persistante actualité. En partant du constat que le changement climatique touche plus durement les plus faibles et les plus exposés, dont font souvent partie les migrants ainsi que ceux qui sont trop pauvres pour se déplacer, il se demande comment le lien climat-migration peut être abordé de manière juste et équitable. Il met en évidence que les discours des démocraties néolibérales, qu’ils soient humanistes ou sécuritaires, se rejoignent pour considérer la « migration climatique » comme un problème à résoudre . Mais la catégorie, qui cache des cas de figure très variés, est un mot-valise qui légitime des politiques publiques tour à tour utilitaristes, sécuritaires, voire racistes, incitant ou contraignant les migrants à l’(auto)adaptation, sans aucunement se soucier des problèmes collectifs et planétaires d’inégalités sociales et de justice climatique.
Violences dans la famille : quels accompagnements pour les enfants victimes et auteurs ?
Authors: Corré Sonia , Mazoyer Anne-Valérie
Published: December 2022

Dans l’accompagnement des enfants et adolescents, la rencontre avec des configurations familiales aux limites de l’irreprésentable demande une approche spécifique et des prises en charge adaptées. Dans une filiation psychanalytique freudienne et post-freudienne, nous nous intéressons aux mouvements mélancoliques masqués derrière des agirs clastiques de l’adolescent, au travers de deux situations cliniques. La première concerne le vécu de l’enfant survivant d’une tentative d’infanticide, la seconde, un adolescent auteur de violences sexuelles intrafamiliales, permettant des développements autour du fantasme d’infanticide et de sa réalisation. La présentation de ces cliniques extrêmes (protection de l’enfance, suivi judiciaire des mineurs) nous permettra d’engager des réflexions sur les modalités d’accompagnement des enfants, pris dans de telles souffrances afin de dénouer des liens d’emprise familiaux.
La psychothérapie adulte attachement informée, approche qualitative : le cas de Julie
Authors: Moreau Mathieu
Published: December 2022

De nombreuses études empiriques semblent montrer la pertinence d’adopter une approche attache ment informée en psychothérapie adulte. Elle ne prescrit pas de direction à suivre, elle ne nous indique pas les décisions à prendre, mais elle donne une information sur le processus psychothérapique et sur ce qui « marche » pour tel patient et pourquoi « cela marche ». Nous cherchons à montrer que l’attention portée à la relation avec le soignant ou le psychothérapeute est le catalyseur du changement thérapeutique. Nous adoptons une approche qualitative, basée sur l’étude de cas et l’étude du discours. Nous cheminerons donc à travers la situation de Julie, patiente rencontrée au sein des appartements de coordination thérapeutique.
A class of HOC finite difference method for elliptic interface problems with imperfect contact
Authors: Cao Fujun , Yuan Dongfang
Published: December 2022

The elliptic interface problems with imperfect contact have found applications in numerical solutions of the Stefan problem of the solidification process and crystal growth, composite materials, multi-phase flows, etc. In this paper a 1D elliptic interface problem with imperfect contact is considered. A class of high-order compact finite difference schemes are constructed on body-fitted and non-body-fitted mesh, respectively. For each case, the second-, third- and fourth-order approximations of implicit jump conditions are provided by using the jump conditions and its high-order derivatives. Numerical examples are provided to verify the performance of the schemes. The numerical results demonstrate that the schemes have theoretical accuracy for elliptic interface problems with imperfect contact.
Experimental Investigations of Surface Finish Generated by Wire Electrical Discharge Machining
Authors: Hadi Ali Hasan , Khleif Ali Abbar
Published: December 2022

Abstract. This study aims to investigate wire electrical discharge machining of copper alloys. Extensive research was done to design an optimum cutting method with adequate wire balance to achieve the requisite surface smoothness and geometrical dimensional correctness. Parameters were used in this work to simulate the process pulse-on time, pulse-off time, peak current, servo feed-rate, servo-volt, wire-feed rate, wire tension, and water pressure. For each given treatment requirement, the primary impacting elements are highlighted. The results are the best standard settings that have been designed to satisfy the client’s varied developing needs. A low pulse achieves superior surface polish on time and a high pulse off time. According to the (ANOVA) findings, the most significant cutting parameter is the pulse on-time (Ton), which affects surface roughness by (42.922)%, followed by pulse off time (Toff), which affects surface roughness by (24.860)%, and servo feed (SF), which affects surface roughness by (6.850)%. The impact of the process variables was wire tension on response characteristics, dimensional deviation, cutting rate, and surface roughness.
Experimental Investigations on the Effect of Yarn Speed and Wrap Angle on Yarn-Solid and Yarn-Yarn Friction using Warp Knitting Machines
Authors: Bruns Mathis , Krentzien Maximilian , Beitelschmidt Michael , Cherif Chokri
Published: December 2022

Warp knitting is appointed as a manufacturing method for high-performance and high-quality textiles due to its versatility and production speed. To ensure a continuous and error-free manufacturing process under highly dynamic production conditions, a high level of knowledge of the yarn and machine interaction is required. Mechanical stresses from the machine are transferred to the yarn via friction points, as well as during the stitching process from one yarn to another, where the yarn is subjected to high stresses.Therefore, the focus of this research is the investigation of the friction between the yarn and yarn guiding elements and the friction between the yarns themselves during the stitch formation. For this reason, all contact points between yarn and yarn guiding elements as well as between the yarns themselves are examined and classified. A test rig is set up to determine all occurring frictions as a function of various machine parameters.The knowledge gained and the derived analytical expressions between machine settings and occurring friction can thus become the basis for modeling the friction points of the warp knitting machine, which is also presented. Furthermore, based on the findings a design improvement of the machine can be achieved and the friction model can serve as part of a simulation model of the entire warp knitting machine, which will be the focus of further publications.
Conducting Behavior of Bischalcone Derivatives
Authors: Aswini R. , Lakshmi Devi D. , Kothai S.
Published: December 2022

With the scope of bischalcone-based copolyesters can be used as semiconductors; two copolyesters were synthesized by the solution polycondensation method. The Bischalcone diol was analyzed by UV-Visible, FTIR, NMR (1H, 13C NMR) spectroscopy. Using the UV-Visible data, the bandgap energy of the Bischalcone diol was calculated and found to be 2.82 eV. The Physico-chemical properties like Inherent viscosity and refractive index of the copolyesters were determined. Spectral studies such as FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The thermal property of the copolyesters was analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry. The melting temperature of the PTMI is observed at 320°C, and PTMT exhibits 360°C. The PTMT shows higher stability than the PTMT copolyester. The highest ionic conductivity for PTMI is 3.50 x 10-4 (S cm-1). The PTMT copolyester shows -0.0035 KJ mol-1 whereas the PTMI copolyester shows 0.0005 KJ mol-1. The electrochemical impedance analysis and conductivity measurement were examined for the two copolyesters expecting semi-conducting behavior which can be a good candidate for the optoelectronics application.
Construction of Magnetic Z-Scheme P-Doped Biobr/CoFe2O4 Nanocomposite for Expeditious Visible Light Photocatalytic Palm Oil Mill Effluent Degradation via the Assistance of IO4- and S2O82-
Authors: Sin Jin Chung , Lam Sze Mun , Zeng Hong Hu
Published: December 2022

P-BiOBr/CoFe2O4 nanocomposite was fabricated through a surfactant-free hydrothermal route and combined with electron acceptors (IO4- and S2O82-) for the first time to examine the palm oil mill effluent (POME) degradation and concurrently evaluated the biogas formation under visible light irradiation. The POME degradation efficiency reached 100% in 120 min over P-BiOBr/CoFe2O4/IO4-, which was much higher than the P-BiOBr/CoFe2O4/S2O82- (80.6%). Interestingly, the evaluation of the biogas production demonstrated that the P-BiOBr/CoFe2O4/IO4- photocatalysis generated greater amount of biogas (CH4 + CO2) compared to other systems. The great photocatalytic enhancement was due to the efficient charge carrier separation thanks to the Z-scheme heterojunction between P-BiOBr and CoFe2O4, and the electron trapping by IO4-. The hydroxyl radicals and photogenerated holes contributed majorly to POME degradation. Ultimately, the P-BiOBr/CoFe2O4 with IO4- and S2O82- assisting under visible light provided an effective and feasible method to degrade POME.
Preliminary DOE Analysis of the Polishing Process of AISI P20 Mould Steel by Ultrasonic Erosion, Using Alumina and Diamond Hard Particles
Authors: Bressan Caroline Zanini , Correa Rodrigo Noguerol , Bressan José Divo
Published: December 2022

The present work examines the surface finishing of AISI P20 tool steel, average hardness of 31.5 HRc, in the polishing process by ultrasonic erosion by loose abrasive particles. The study was performed in laboratory equipment, using various alumina and diamond hard particle sizes, ultrasonic frequencies and times. P20 steel is widely employed in the fabrication of polymer injection mould cavities due to its good machinability, homogeneous microstructure, hardness, corrosion and abrasion wear resistance. Mould cavity polishing processes represents the second longest manufacturing process time required to achieve the mould surface finish for good quality polymer parts. This time-consuming and largely artisanal polishing process contributes to high mould costs. Thus, several studies have been carried out in the literature to automate the mould polishing process, aiming to reducing surface roughness and polishing time. Present investigation was carried out in a surface cleaning equipment by the ultrasonic technique with commercial paste of abrasive hard particles used in mould polishing. Three factors were investigated: abrasive particle size, ultrasonic frequency and polishing time. The investigated alumina particle sizes were 0.05, 0.3, and 1.0 micron and the diamond particle size was 1.5 micron, which are the common sizes available in commercial paste for polishing metallography samples. The studied frequencies of the ultrasonic polishing process were 28 and 40 kHz, and the times of polishing process were 15, 30, and 45 minutes. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) of factor effects and two types of DOE analysis were employed to obtain the roughness Ra outcomes by empirical response surface modelling: 3x3 partial factorial design and 4x2 factorial design were used to investigate the surface roughness. The response surface modelling results indicate that the minimum surface roughness Ra of 0.21 micron obtained by ultrasonic polishing correspond to the frequency of 40 kHz, 20 minutes of polishing and alumina particle size of 0.7 microns.
Comparative Study of the Mechanical Properties of Spot Welded Joints
Authors: Fakhri Marwah Sabah , Al-Mukhtar A.M. , Mahmood Ibtihal A.
Published: December 2022

This work presents a comparative study of the mechanical properties of resistance spot welded joints (RSW). RSW is widely used in sheet joining. Hence, the mechanical properties and their strength are presented. The main parameter is the welding current that has a big role on the heat generation and joint strength. The strength improvement due to the current increasing is regular and more effective than the weld time and the electrode pressure. Stainless steel has good weldability in sheet form. Galvanized steel, aluminum and carbon steel have been widely spot-welded. Moreover, dissimilar materials are also spot weldable where the two sheets of different metals can be joined. For the same sheet thickness at 1 mm, it was shown the shear strength of mild steel 3.8 KN, while for aluminum 1.4 KN this mean the shear strength of mild steel higher than aluminum. For the same metals, the increasing of the thickness will increase the strength. This is due to the weld area increasing. All the values were taken at the pull-out fracture condition. Hence, the suitable weld area at the welding condition was assumed. Fatigue strength for some metals has been presented. Fatigue strength of MS1300 is higher than those of steel DQSK, and steel DP800 at the for 1.6 mm thickness and stress ratio, R= 0.1. Because of the thickness, it has a minor effect on the fatigue properties of spot welded joints.
From Waste to Fuel: Pyrolysis of Plastic Packaging
Authors: Mitan Nona Merry Merpati , Asy-Syifa Rizqi Alifia Nur , Nasution Rahmad Gunawan , Fitri Ayu Silvia , Sasmita Mazaya Aurora Rasyika , Zaldinur Sava Kamilah , Rofiah Rofiah
Published: December 2022

The problem of plastic waste has recently attracted more attention due to the non- biodegradable of plastic. The thermochemical method through pyrolysis is one of the most effective methods used in processing of plastic waste into fuel. Here we report on the pyrolysis of plastic packaging using a batch pyrolysis reactor at 430 °C. The derived liquid has a compound distribution starting from the light aliphatic compounds. In addition, this liquid has a gross calorific value of 11090.9 kcal/kg. This value is in the range of the gross calorific value of commercial gasoline. Thus, the pyrolysis process of plastic packaging has the potential to become a fuel.
Influence of Loading Speed on Tensile Strengths of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite Experimental and Numerical Studies
Authors: Chafiq Jalal , El Fqih Mohamed Ait , Ouchte Ilham
Published: December 2022

The thermomechanical behavior of glass fiberreinforced polymer (GFRP) composite was studied. The thermal characteristics and the mechanical properties are determined over a temperature range from ambient to 60°C. The calcium carbonate filler of the amount 15% of the weight of the resin have been used in order to improve the mechanical proprieties and attempt to observe the possibility of replacement a part of expensive resin by cheap filler. The loading speed refers to the crosshead velocity, which has direct Proportionality with strain rate. After the specimens are exposed to temperatures ranging from 20 , 40 to 60 , the results show a greater elongation indicate a greater ductility that explain we improved the tenacity of specimens, Especially for temperature 60, this propriety is more suitable for vehicle industry. Results in terms of simulation using a code program (Abaqus) are presented, The Johnson–Cook (JC) model was chosen as the constitutive model and then the finite element solutions were compared to the experimental results. A good agreement of the numerical curves with the target loading curves was found.
Kinetic Inhibition Effect of Valine on Methane Hydrate Nucleation Time in Oil System
Authors: Almashwali Abdulrab Abdulwahab , Lal Bhajan , Maulud Abdulhalim Shah , Siak Foo Khor
Published: December 2022

Amino acids are known as novel kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) for hydrate mitigation, however, the performance in oil system is not well justified up to date. In this study, the kinetics of methane hydrates in oil dominated systems using valine amino acid has been studied in a high-pressure gas hydrate reactor at 80 bar and 1 °C using the constant cooling method. Drilling oil was used in this work to mimic the oil phase in flow assurance. The results shows that valine delays hydrate formation nucleation time 4 times compared with pure water systems. This finding is contrary to most claims in literature that shows that valine promotes hydrate in gas dominated system. However, the inhibition impact of valine exhibited in this work might be due to the presence of oil with is absence in the most literature studies. The findings in the work are useful for hydrate mitigation using amino acids in flow assurance.
Efficient Adsorption and Removal of Organic Dyes from Wastewater Using Magnetic UiO-66 Composites
Authors: Liu Pan Pan , Bai Peng
Published: December 2022

In this study, the magnetic UiO-66 composite was prepared and used as an adsorbent to effectively remove Rhodamine B (RhB) from water. The as-prepared magnetic MOFs composites not only retain the unique structure and properties of MOFs materials, but also can be quickly recovered and separated from aqueous solution by applying a magnetic field. The effects of contact time, initial concentration on the adsorption properties were studied. For RhB, pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model could well explain the adsorption process of magnetic UiO-66 composite, indicating that the adsorption process of the RhB was mainly performed by chemisorption on uniform surface, and the maximum adsorption capacity is 188.68 mg/g. The possible mechanism for RhB was further proposed, revealing that electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking interactions mainly affected the adsorption process.
Experimental Study on Improving Frost Resistance of Ca Mortar
Authors: Wang Li Kun , Zhao Li Hua , Zhang Ji Song
Published: December 2022

Cement asphalt mortar (CA mortar) is one of the key materials of slab ballastless track structure, and its performance directly affects the overall quality of ballastless track. The design of CA mortar mix proportion is studied by orthogonal exerimental method, and the reasonable dosage of cement, emulsified asphalt, sand and other materials is determined. The change of gas content of CA mortar is analyzed by adding air entraining agent and adjusting stirring process. The working properties, mechanical properties and freezing resistance of CA mortar are tested. The results show that the reasonable dosage of cement, emulsified asphalt and sand in CA mortar are 280~325kg/m3, 420~555kg/m3 and 360~690kg/m3, respectively. The dosage of cement has the most obvious influence on the 28d compressive strength of CA mortar, followed by emulsified asphalt. With the increase of air entraining agent content, stirring speed and stirring time, the air content in mortar will increase. Through the test of mortar's working performance, mechanical properties and frost resistance, it is shown that the appropriate amount of air entraining agent and mixing process can improve the frost resistance of CA mortar.
Reliability Evaluation of 0.57wt.% Carbon Steel for Springs with Different Types of Shot Peening
Authors: Gu Kyoung Hee , Lee Gum Hwa , Oh Chang Seok , Nam Ki Woo
Published: December 2022

Springs acting as suspension systems can damaged by external collisions, such as those with stones. Corrosion pitting occurs in the damaged areas, and cracks will initiate and fracture. However, the allowable corrosion pitting size can be increased by inducing residual stresses via shot peening. In this study, residual stresses are induced through shot peening (SP) and stress shot peening (SSP). Then, the harmless crack depth (ahml), the crack depths (a25, a50) that reduce the fatigue limit of non-SP smooth materials by 25% and 50%, and the crack depths (ahml) that can be detected using non-destructive inspection (NDI) are evaluated. The residual stress affects ahml: the larger the residual stress, the larger ahml will be. The aspect ratio also affects ahml. Because both SP and SSP exhibit ahml> (a25, a50), (a25, a50) can be rendered harmless. Hence, (a25, a50) can secure the safety and reliability of the steel via SP and SSP. Because both SP and SSP exhibit (aNDI1, aNDI2) > (a25, a50), the crack depths of and cannot be detected using NDI.
Preparation of Mixed Matrix Membranes Containing COF Materials for CO2 Removal from Natural Gas/Review
Authors: Abdulabbas Ali A. , J. Mohammed Thamer , Al-Hattab Tahseen A.
Published: December 2022

Gas separation membranes are one of the most important processes in purifying natural gas. CO2 reduction of natural gas is essential for purifying the gas and increasing its calorific value. A covalent organic framework (COF) has been developed as a filler in mixed-matrix membranes (MMM) to separate gases. COF materials were chosen because of their economical rate, good thermal and chemical stability, and flexible microporous structure. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) have received significant interest for their improved permeability and selectivity in natural gas purification. The results of using COF combined with other chemicals added to MMM. It has been observed that CO2 permeability increases as the COF content in the MMM increases, which enhances the gas-separation performance of the MMM. This review evaluated and analyzed the current scientific and the technical breakthroughs in developing MMMs, especially the unique type of organic fillers, which has been the basis of numerous new research for CO2 separation.
Novel Study of Surface Morphological Properties of Commercial Catalytic Reforming Catalysts Used in Iraqi Refineries by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
Authors: Shakir Issam M.A. , Falah Zaineb F.
Published: December 2022

Catalytic reforming is one of the most significant processes in the field of petroleum refineries and catalysts as they are considered as the heart of these processes .this paper presents the utilization of Atomic scale microscopy (AFM) to investigate the morphological and the surface properties of two catalytic reforming catalysts that are used in Iraqi refineries (RG582 & PR9). This paper provides a new insight into the study of catalysts since reaction routs significantly rely upon the used catalysts and their basic properties such as morphology, topography, roughness, growth regime and grain size. Keywords: Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), catalytic reforming catalysts (CRC), surface properties.
Acta Commercii 22nd edition
Authors: Goldman Geoffrey A.
Published: December 2022

No abstract available.
Medical laboratory practice in Malawi – Current status
Authors: Nayupe Symon F. , Mbulaje Patrick , Munharo Steven , Patel Parth , Lucero-Prisno III Don E.
Published: December 2022

No abstract available.
Gender-based violence in South Africa: A narrative reflection
Authors: Buqa Wonke
Published: December 2022

The pervasiveness of gender-based violence (GBV) against women and children constitutes the most severe expression of discrimination and dehumanisation of women and children in South Africa. Even before the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic came, domestic violence was already one of the greatest human rights violations. Women for centuries suffered different forms of violation and continue to struggle in subtle forms in the 21st century. This article investigates the sociocultural theories, narrative reflections and COVID-19 pandemic challenges associated with the prevalence of GBV in South Africa. The article argues that patriarchal culture, religion, gender norms, lockdown and violence in South Africa perpetuate gender-based abuse. Therefore, the article unfolds this research through a literature review and narrative approach which is used to allow the co-researchers to share their stories. The article embarks on sociocultural experiences, the scourge of GBV in South Africa, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic, qualitative interviews and theological reflections and concludes by suggesting future possibilities to fight GBV.Contribution: This article contributes to an understanding that abafazi nabantwana baphefumla ngenxeba [women and children are breathing through the wound] amid the global COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses the prevalence of GBV, the intersection of religious cultural effects, social sciences, gender inequality and the continued oppression of women and children.
Prevalence and under-reporting of sexual abuse in Ruwa: A human rights-based approach
Authors: Chibango Conrad , Chibango Sheila T.
Published: December 2022

The under-reporting of sexual abuse reduces the chances of winning the battle against sexual abuse of women and children in Zimbabwe. It leaves girl children powerless and vulnerable, despite the country’s determination to put an end to injustice and gender discrimination in line with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), in particular, SDG 5, which focuses on gender and equality, and SDG 16, which is concerned with justice and peace. The aim of this study was to explore the barriers to reporting sexual abuse in Ruwa. Informed by the human rights-based approach, the study adopted a quantitative research design. Survey data were solicited from 51 randomly selected female respondents. Results revealed that 69% of the respondents were abused, yet only 2% of the total respondents reported the abuse to authorities, while 67% did not report incidences of abuse. About 98% of respondents believed that most sexual abuse cases in Ruwa went unreported. Results also showed that barriers to reporting sexual abuses comprised cultural and economic factors, most of which were characterised by shame, embarrassment, and fear, as well as the desire to protect male breadwinners. The results are consistent with existing literature generalisations on sexual abuse, particularly in terms of the prevalence of sexual abuse and under-reporting. It is also argued that culture is the determinant factor for most of the barriers to reporting sexual abuse, as well as the effects of reporting.Based on the results and in view of promoting and protecting human rights associated with sexuality, the study recommends that local authorities and social institutions implement awareness programmes and campaigns on reporting sexual abuse in the community.Contribution: This study is the first of its kind in Ruwa. Its significance is embedded in how it reflects on the role played by culture, religion and societal views on matters of sexual abuse.
The profile of Black South African men diagnosed with prostate cancer in the Free State, South Africa
Authors: Benedict Matthew O.A. , Steinberg Wilhelm J. , Claassen Frederik M. , Mofolo Nathaniel
Published: December 2022

Background: Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks high in terms of morbidity and mortality, especially in Africa. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening remains a practical method of screening for and thereby detecting PCa early, especially among African men who are more negatively affected. Modifiable risk factors for PCa are mostly behavioural and lifestyle. Understanding community-specific determinants is important when developing health promotion interventions.Objective: This study aimed to determine the profile of African men with PCa in the Free State, South Africa.Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted using case record information and self-administered questionnaires among 341 African men with PCa attending the oncology and urology clinics of a tertiary hospital.Result: Participants’ median age at diagnosis was 66 years. Only 76 (22.3%) participants had ever heard of PCa prior to being diagnosed with the disease, 36 (47.4%) of whom had ever had screening performed. The majority (n = 298, 87.4%) were symptomatic; 50% sought medical help within six months. At diagnosis, 133 (39.0%) men presented with stage T3 or T4 disease, 75 (22.0%) with metastatic disease and 84 (24.6%) with Gleason score ≥ 8. Factors associated with advanced and high-grade disease included smoking, decreased sunlight exposure and physical activity, relatively increased ingestion of dairy products and red meat. Factors associated with early stage and low-grade disease included relatively increased ingestion of fruits, vegetables and fish.Conclusion: Advanced and high-grade PCa disease is not uncommon among men ≥ 60 years in this study setting. Certain modifiable risk factors associated with advanced disease were established in this study. The majority had lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) prior to PCa diagnosis, but they were of poor health-seeking behaviour. Although there seems not to be a systematic delay in the definitive diagnosis and initiation of treatment for PCa, there is a need to improve on health education and awareness in the study setting.
LncRNA Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed Promotes Glycolysis of Liver Cancer Cells by Regulating Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α
Authors: Tang Dan , Zhao Lijin , Mu Rui , Ao Yu , Zhang Xuyang , Li Xiongxiong
Published: December 2022

LncRNAs are associated with tumorigenesis of liver cancer. LncRNA Colorectal Neoplasia Differentially Expressed (CRNDE) was identified as an oncogenic lncRNA and involved in tumor growth and metastasis. The role of CRNDE in liver cancer was investigated. CRNDE was elevated in liver cancer cells. Knockdown of CRNDE decreased cell viability and inhibited proliferation of liver cancer. Moreover, knockdown of CRNDE reduced levels of extracellular acidification rate, glucose consumption, and lactate production to repress glycolysis of liver cancer. Silence of CRNDE enhanced the expression of miR-142 and reduced enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Over-expression of HIF-1α attenuated CRNDE silence-induced decrease of glucose consumption and lactate production. Injection with sh-CRNDE virus reduced in vivo tumor growth of liver cancer through up-regulation of miR-142 and down-regulation of EZH2 and HIF-1α. In conclusion, knockdown of CRNDE suppressed cell proliferation, glycolysis, and tumor growth of liver cancer through EZH2/miR-142/HIF-1α.
Leonurine Suppresses Prostate Cancer Growth in vitro and in vivo by Regulating miR-18a-5p/SLC40A1 Axis
Authors: Liang Bin , Cui Shouxi , Zou Songnian
Published: December 2022

Prostate cancer is a leading cause of cancer-associated death in males. Leonurine (Leo) is a pleiotropic anti-tumor agent isolated from traditional Chinese herb that was used in gynecologic treatments. However, its pharmacological effect against prostate cancer progression remains unclear. Here, we showed that Leo dose dependently inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and induced cell cycle arrest. Moreover, we noticed that miR-18a-5p was downregulated and the solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1) is upregulated by Leo treatment. SLC40A1 knockdown by siRNA abrogated the inhibitory effect of Leo on prostate cancer progression. Notably, Leo also significantly inhibited prostate cancer progression in a subcutaneous xenograft tumor mouse model in vivo. This study further unveiled the mechanism by which Leo inhibited prostate cancer progression, which provides a promising potential for its future clinical application.
Etiology of Femoral Head Avascular Necrosis in Patients
Authors: Teimouri Mehdi , Motififard Mehdi , Hatami Saeed
Published: December 2022

Background:

Avascular necrosis (AVN), known as osteonecrosis, aseptic necrosis, or ischemic bone necrosis, results in the destruction of bone cells. In the present study, we aimed to report the most common causes of AVN in in patients referred to Isfahan educational and medical centers.

Materials and Methods:

This study is a cross-sectional study that was performed on all patients with AVN in medical educational centers in Isfahan during 2019 and 2020. We included all patients diagnosed with AVN. Patients' information including age, sex, cause of femoral head necrosis, medical history, and drug usage were collected. Finally, reliable data from 99 patients were recorded.

Results:

We collected data of 99 patients in this study. The most prevalent cause of ANV was corticosteroids use (32.3%), and it was more prevalent among women (51.4%); the second prevalent cause of AVN in our study sample was trauma (28.28%), and it was more prevalent among men (32.8%).

Conclusion:

The most common cause of AVN was corticosteroids, which was consistent with previous studies. Other main causes of AVN were traumatic or idiopathic issues.
Candida albicans Prosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Sarzaeem Mohammad Mahdi , Beigi Amin Norouz , Darestani Reza Tavakoli , Omrani Farzad Amuzadeh , Baroutkoub Mojtaba , Rasi Alireza Manafi
Published: December 2022

In this article, a 75-year-old patient with pain in left knee and restricted range of motion following total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is presented. Serological evaluation and aspiration of knee joint suggested a fungal prosthetic joint infection. After the diagnosis was confirmed, treatment started with antifungal drugs, removing prosthesis, exhaustive debridement, and revision of TKA after efficient antifungal treatment. At one-year follow-up, she has a painless motion range of 10 to 90 degrees, and there was no recurrence of infection observed.
Co-Expression of Chaperones for Improvement of Soluble Expression and Purification of An Anti-HER2 scFv in Escherichia Coli
Authors: Estabragh Amir Mirzapour , Sadeghi Hamid Mir Mohammad , Akbari Vajihe
Published: December 2022

Background:

Single-chain fragment variable (scFv) is one of the most commonly used antibody fragments. They offer some advantages over full-length antibodies, including better penetration to target tissues. However, their functional production has been a challenge for manufacturers due to the potential misfolding and formation of inclusion bodies. Here we evaluated the soluble expression and purification of molecular chaperone co-expression.

Materials and Methods:

E. coli BL21(DE3) cells were co-transformed with the mixture of plasmids pKJE7 and pET22b-scFv by the electroporation method. First, L-arabinose was added to induce the expression of molecular chaperones, and then IPTG was used as an inducer to start the expression of anti-HER2 scFv. The effect of cultivation temperature and IPTG concentration on soluble expression of the protein with or without chaperones was evaluated. The soluble expressed protein was subjected to native purification using the Ni-NTA affinity column.

Results:

SDS-PAGE analysis confirmed the successful co-expression of anti-HER2-scFv and DnaK/DnaJ/GrpE chaperones. Co-expression with chaperones and low-temperature cultivation synergistically improved the soluble expression of anti-HER2 scFv. Co-expression with chaperone also exhibited an approximately four-fold increase in the final yield of purified soluble protein.

Conclusion:

The combination of co-expression with chaperones and low temperature presented in this work may be useful for the improvement of commercial production of other scFvs in E. coli as functionally bioactive and soluble form.
Risk Factors for In-Hospital Mortality among Patients with Coronavirus-19 in Isfahan City, Iran
Authors: Riahi Roya , Ghasemi Marziye , Shatouri Zahra Montazeri , Gharipour Mojgan , Maghami Mahboobeh , Melali Hamid , Sami Ramin , Tabatabaei Aminreza , Hosseini Sayed Mohsen
Published: December 2022

Background:

The aim of the study is to explore the risk factors of mortality for hospitalized patients in three designated hospitals in Isfahan province.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective cohort study was conducted on all positive coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 patients admitted to Khorshid, Isabn Maryam, and Amin hospitals in Isfahan province. The demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome data of patients who were died or discharged from February 24, 2020, to April 18, 2020, were extracted from patient's medical records.

Results:

Overall 1044 COVID-19 patients were included in this analysis. Based on the findings of this study, older age (≥65 years) (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 2.06; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.13–3.76), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) history (aHR: 2.52; 95% CI: 1.09–5.83), white blood cell (WBC) counts more than 10 × 10^3/L (aHR: 3.05; 95% CI: 1.42–6.55), Hb level <13 gr/L (aHR: 2.82; 95% CI: 1.34–5.93), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (aHR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.12–3.64) at admission, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (aHR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.01–3.47), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (aHR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.04–4.18) during hospitalization were risk factors for in-hospital mortality in patients with COVID-19.

Conclusions:

Multiple factors were found related to the severity and death among COVID-19 patients. We were found that older age (≥65 years) with COPD history, high level of WBC, low level of Hb (<13 g/L), bilateral pulmonary infiltrates at admission, development of ARDS, and ICU admission during hospitalization were identified as risk factors of death among COVID-19 patients. More related studies are needed in the future.
Effects of Methadone on the Toll-like Receptor 4 Expression in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A549 Cell Line Using In-silico and In vitro Techniques
Authors: Vaseghi Golnaz , Rashidi Nastaran , Zare Nasrin , Ghasemi Fahimeh , Pourhadi Marjan , Rafiee Laleh , Javanmard Shaghayegh Haghjooy
Published: December 2022

Background:

In this study, the effects of methadone and naloxone on the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) gene have been evaluated in human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cell line migration using in-silico and in vitro techniques.

Materials and Methods:

Lung cancer A549 cell cultures were stimulated for 24 h with methadone (5, 10, and 20 μM) and naloxone (20 and 40 μM) concentrations. The level of TLR4 expression was determined by the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Migration of the A549 cells was investigated after a 4-h incubation period with methadone using the Boyden Chamber assay.

Results:

Migration rate of the A549 cells treated with 5 (P < 0.05) and 20 (P < 0.01) μM methadone was, respectively, increased and decreased with 20 μM naloxone (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the TLR4 expression was enhanced with 5 (P < 0.05) and 20 (P < 0.01) μM methadone and decreased with 20 (P < 0.05) and 40 μM naloxone (P < 0.01). In addition, in silico docking analysis revealed docking of methadone to MD-2 and TLR4.

Conclusion:

According to the present DATA, methadone affects the TLR4 expression. It may however cause adverse consequences by increasing the TLR4 expression. Therefore, the useful analgesic properties of methadone should be separated from the unwanted TLR4-mediated side effects.
Exercise and the Brain in Cardiovascular Disease: A Narrative Review
Authors: Taylor Jenna L.
Published: December 2022

Patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (including heart failure) are at increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Vascular risk factors contribute to cognitive decline through cerebral small vessel diseases, pathological brain changes, and hypoperfusion. Habitual exercise and increased cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with higher cognitive function, greater cerebral blood flow, and attenuation of the decline in gray matter volume and white matter integrity. Furthermore, moderate-vigorous exercise training has been shown to improve cognitive function in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a class 1A recommendation for patients with CVD, which involves exercise training and intensive risk factor modification. This article reviews the current evidence for the effect of exercise-based CR on cognitive function, cerebrovascular function, and brain structure in patients with CVDs. Overall, exercise-based CR appears to improve global cognitive function and attention-psychomotor functions but not language processes. Furthermore, the effect of exercise-based CR on executive function and memory is less clear and there is limited research into the effect of exercise-based CR on cerebrovascular function and brain structure.
Preparedness of primary & secondary care health facilities for the management of non-communicable diseases in tribal population across 12 districts in India
Authors: Kaur Prabhdeep , Borah P.K. , Gaigaware Pooja , Mohapatra P.K. , Das Nabajit K.R. , Uike Pankaj V. , Tobgay Karma Jigme , Tushi Aonungdok , Zorinsangi  , Mazumdar Gautam , Marak Bibha , Pizi Dirang , Chakma Tapas , Sugunan A.P. , Vijayachari P. , Bhardwaj Rakesh R. , Arambam Probin C. , Kutum Tridip , Sharma Anand , Pal Piyalee , Shanmugapriya P.C. , Manivel Prathab , Kaliyamoorthy Neelakandan , Chakma Joy , Mathur Prashant , Dhaliwal R.S. , Mahanta J. , Mehendale Sanjay M.
Published: December 2022

Background and objectives:

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are highly prevalent in the tribal populations; however, there are limited data regarding health system preparedness to tackle NCDs among these populations. We estimated the availability of human resources, equipment, drugs, services and knowledge of doctors for NCD management in the selected tribal districts in India.

Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 12 districts (one from each State) with at least 50 per cent tribal population in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Himachal Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and eight northeastern States. Primary health centres (PHCs), community health centres (CHCs) and district/sub-district hospitals (DHs) were surveyed and data on screening and treatment services, human resources, equipment, drugs and information systems indicators were collected and analysed. The data were presented as proportions.

Results:

In the present study 177 facilities were surveyed, including 156 PHCs/CHCs and 21 DHs. DHs and the majority (82-96%) of the PHCs/CHCs provided outpatient treatment for diabetes and hypertension. Overall, 97 per cent of PHCs/CHCs had doctors, and 78 per cent had staff nurses. The availability of digital blood pressure monitors ranged from 35 to 43 per cent, and drugs were either not available or inadequate. Among 213 doctors, three-fourths knew the correct criteria for hypertension diagnosis, and a few correctly reported diabetes diagnosis criteria.

Interpretation & conclusions:

The results of this study suggest that the health system of the studied tribal districts was not adequately prepared to manage NCDs. The key challenges included inadequately trained workforce and a lack of equipment and drugs. It is suggested that capacity building and, procurement and distribution of equipment, drugs and information systems to track NCD patients should be the key focus areas of national programmes.
Relevance of Sonological Evaluation in Medial Knee Injuries and Its Comparison with Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings – A Prospective Study
Authors: Mohanan Gayathri , Chandan Kumar , Unnikrishnan J. , Job Suma
Published: December 2022

Background:

Ultrasonography offers several unique strengths over magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that makes it a promising technique for the evaluation of certain disorders of the knee. Ultrasonography has higher spatial resolution than MRI, which may be helpful in evaluating the superficial structures and popliteal fossa of the knee in detail. Visualizing the medial collateral ligament (MCL) under ultrasound is relatively easy due to its superficial location, spanning from the medial femoral condyle to the medial tibial metaphysis. Meanwhile, MRI is expensive, not advisable to all due to its claustrophobia and ferromagnetic property. Ultrasound, on the other hand, is an inexpensive, widely available, and non-invasive technique which also allows dynamic imaging. Our objective is to assess the validity of ultrasound in the diagnosis of medial knee injuries in comparison with MRI findings.

Materials and Methods:

Patients attending the Department of Orthopaedics are referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis of Government (TD) Medical College, Alappuzha, who were clinically suspected to have medial knee injury, during the study. This study was a prospective study. Prospective patients with clinically suspected medial knee injuries scheduled for MRI of the knee were evaluated by ultrasound examination before the MRI. Sonographic findings were then compared to MRI results.

Results and Discussion:

Sixty patients were enrolled in the study. 73.3% of the study population were male and most of them belonged in their 2nd and 3rd decades. Most of the injuries were left-sided (60%) and majority (65%) presented for radiological evaluation within 1 week–1 month of history of injury. The accuracy of ultrasound in the diagnosis of MCL and medial meniscus injuries were 86.7% and 85%, respectively. Ultrasonography demonstrated 89.6% sensitivity and 75% specificity for MCL injuries and 85.3% sensitivity and 84.6% specificity for medial meniscus tears. The most frequent knee finding in this study was joint effusion which was seen in 50 (83.3%) of patients.

Conclusion:

Ultrasonography gives high accuracy and specificity in the detection of MCL and medial meniscal injuries. Ultrasound may have a role as the initial rapid imaging modality in patients with suspected MCL or medial meniscus injuries, and it may serve as an effective low-cost screening tool for patients with medial meniscal or MCL injuries and avoid performing the high-cost MRI.