bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Göğü Delen Adam: Papalagi
Authors: ZADEOĞLU Seda , SAĞIR Adem
Published: March 2016

Öz Kültür, öznelerin herkes gibi davranmaya zorlandığı ve davranışların önceden kestirebildiği bir durumu ifade eder. Böylece bir kültür içerisinde kendini kurmaya çalışan birey, farklılıkların olmadığı bir özneye doğru kayacaktır. Üretmek ve inşa etmek, etkenlikten çıkarak edilgenleşecektir. Belli bir kültür içerisinde öteki ve onun sahibi olduğu yerellik, her zaman düzeni tehdit ettiği için tehlikeli sayılacaktır. Modern toplum ötekinin varlığına ihtiyaç duyar, çünkü tehdit söylemleriyle oluşturulan korku psikolojisi altında ortak amaçlar oluşturmak kolaydır. Çoğu durumda ise ortak amaçlar yapıyı ayakta tutmanın temel motifleridir. Bu şekilde korku, medeniyetlerin temel dinamizmi olurken, aynı zamanda kuvvetli olanın dünyayı şekillendirdiği 'savaşların’ da temel mantığı olmuştur. Bu tebliğde temel amaç, Göğü Delen Adam: PAPALAGİ kitabını, bu süreçle ilişkilendirerek değerlendirmektir.
Türk Rivayetlerinde "Bozkurt" / The Bozkurt in Turkish Mythology
Authors: Kemaloğlu Muhammet
Published: March 2016

Bozkurt -Türk, Moğol ve Altay mitolojisinde kutsal hayvan ve ulusal sembol. Bozgurt (Boskord, Pusgurt) olarak da söylenir. Bozkaskır, Çalkurd sözcükleri yine aynı anlama gelir. Moğollar Börteçine (Börteşına, Börtöşono) derler. Gök kurt veya Gökbörü / Kökbörü tabiri de yine niteleyici olarak kullanılır. Yol gösterici, kutlu kurt, tüm Türk ve Moğol boylarının ortak totemidir. Bazı Türk ve Moğol boyları, soylarının bu kutlu varlıktan türediğine inanırlar. Kurt sürülerinin başında bulunup idare eden kurtlara da Gökkurt denilir. Kaskır ve Börü kelimeleri de değişik lehçe ve şivelerde kurt demektir. Bozkurt gökyüzünü temsil eder. Bu çalışmada Abdülkadir İnan’ın Türkiyat Mecmuası, II. Cilt. 1926-1928, s.131-138’deki makalesinin Latin alfabesine aktarımı yapılmıştır.
Fetih Derneği ve İstanbul’un Fethinin 500. Yılı / Association of Conquest and The 500th Anniversary of Conquest of Istanbul
Authors: Tağmat Çağla Derya
Published: March 2016

Fetih Derneği ve İstanbul’un Fethinin 500. Yılı

Öz

Türkiye’de, 500. yıldönümü 1953 yılında kutlanacak olan İstanbul’un Fethi kutlamaları için hazırlıklara Cumhurbaşkanı İsmet İnönü döneminde başlanmış ve 1950 yılında 500. Yıl ve Müteakip Fetih Yıllarını Kutlama Derneği adıyla bir dernek kurulmuştur. 1950 yılında yapılan seçimler sonucunda yaşanan hükümet değişimi fetih kutlama planlarına gölge düşürmemiş ve hazırlıklar devam etmiştir. Demokrat Parti iktidarı döneminde hazırlıklarına hızlı bir şekilde devam eden cemiyet, yaşadığı maddi imkânsızlıklara rağmen çeşitli faaliyetler organize etmiştir. Başbakan Adnan Menderes ve Cumhurbaşkanı Celal Bayar’ın katılmadığı kutlama etkinlikleri, çeşitli eksiklikler ve devlet erkânının katılmamasından dolayı basın tarafından sert eleştirilere maruz kalmıştır. Diğer yandan devlet erkânının törenlere katılmamış olması kutlanılan olayın bir diğer muhatabı Yunanistan tarafından da bir sağduyu örneği olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, Demokrat Parti döneminde faaliyet gösteren Fetih Derneği, derneğin yapısı, organizasyonları ve kutlama faaliyetleri arşiv belgeleri ve süreli yayınlar kullanılarak incelenmiştir.  

Association of Conquest and The 500th Anniversary of Conquest of Istanbul

Abstract

In Turkey, the preperations of conquest celebrations of Istanbul, of which 500th anniversary would be celebrated in 1953, were begun in the period of President Ismet Inonu and an association called Association of 500th Anniversary and Celebrating the Following Anniversaries of Conquest of Istanbul was founded. The governmental change as a result of 1950 elections did not overshadow to the plans of conquest celebrations and then preparations continued. The association which proceeded its preparations rapidly in the Democratic Party era, organised several activities inspite of financial impossibilities. The celebration activities in which Prime Minister Adnan Menderes and President Celal Bayar didn’t attend were criticised rigorously by press because of the deficiencies of organizations and absence of high officials. On the other hand the absence of the president and the prime minister in the celebrations, was qualified as an example of common sense by the other part of the case, Greece. In this study the Association of Conquest which was active in Democrat Party era, the structure and organizations of the association and its celebration activities were analysed in the light of archival documents and periodicals. 
The effect of fluid composition, salinity, and acidity on subcritical crack growth in calcite crystals
Authors: Bergsaker Anne Schad , Røyne Anja , Ougier‐Simonin Audrey , Aubry Jérôme , Renard François
Published: March 2016

Chemically activated processes of subcritical cracking in calcite control the time‐dependent strength of this mineral, which is a major constituent of the Earth's brittle upper crust. Here experimental data on subcritical crack growth are acquired with a double torsion apparatus to characterize the influence of fluid pH (range 5–7.5) and ionic strength and species (Na2SO4, NaCl, MgSO4, and MgCl2) on the propagation of microcracks in calcite single crystals. The effect of different ions on crack healing has also been investigated by decreasing the load on the crack for durations up to 30 min and allowing it to relax and close. All solutions were saturated with CaCO3. The crack velocities reached during the experiments are in the range 10−9–10−2 m/s and cover the range of subcritical to close to dynamic rupture propagation velocities. Results show that for calcite saturated solutions, the energy necessary to fracture calcite is independent of pH. As a consequence, the effects of fluid salinity, measured through its ionic strength, or the variation of water activity have stronger effects on subcritical crack propagation in calcite than pH. Consequently, when considering the geological sequestration of CO2 into carbonate reservoirs, the decrease of pH within the range of 5–7.5 due to CO2 dissolution into water should not significantly alter the rate of fracturing of calcite. Increase in salinity caused by drying may lead to further reduction in cracking and consequently a decrease in brittle creep. The healing of cracks is found to vary with the specific ions present.
Nitrate ion spikes in ice cores not suitable as proxies for solar proton events
Authors: Duderstadt Katharine A. , Dibb Jack E. , Schwadron Nathan A. , Spence Harlan E. , Solomon Stanley C. , Yudin Valery A. , Jackman Charles H. , Randall Cora E.
Published: March 2016

Nitrate ion spikes in polar ice cores are contentiously used to estimate the intensity, frequency, and probability of historical solar proton events, quantities that are needed to prepare for potentially society‐crippling space weather events. We use the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model to calculate how large an event would have to be to produce enough odd nitrogen throughout the atmosphere to be discernible as nitrate peaks at the Earth's surface. These hypothetically large events are compared with probability of occurrence estimates derived from measured events, sunspot records, and cosmogenic radionuclides archives. We conclude that the fluence and spectrum of solar proton events necessary to produce odd nitrogen enhancements equivalent to the spikes of nitrate ions in Greenland ice cores are unlikely to have occurred throughout the Holocene, confirming that nitrate ions in ice cores are not suitable proxies for historical individual solar proton events.
Single‐Molecule Light Microscopy
Authors: Yserentant Klaus , Herten Dirk‐Peter
Published: March 2016

The complexity of biological processes requires experimental techniques which are able to resolve events on appropriate temporal and spatial scales. As all biological processes are ultimately driven by the dynamics and interactions of individual molecules, studies on the single‐molecule level provide important insights about a large variety of parameters at thermodynamic equilibrium and without ensemble averaging. In the life sciences, single‐molecule experiments are preferentially performed using fluorescence light microscopy owing to its high sensitivity, its temporal resolution and its ability to address live and thus dynamic specimen. By today, a range of single‐molecule techniques such as single‐pair Förster resonance energy transfer (
FRET
), single‐molecule tracking and different counting techniques are readily available to characterise molecular interactions, conformational dynamics, complex stoichiometries and translational mobilities in biological systems both
in vitro
and
in situ
.

Key Concepts

Single‐molecule analysis of biological processes allows to observe the behaviour of individual molecules rather than ensemble averages.

Owing to its sensitivity, fluorescence microscopy is the dominating single‐molecule technique used in the life sciences.

Detection of individual fluorescently labelled biomolecules requires dilution of the sample and spatial restriction of the observation volume.

A variety of single‐molecule fluorescence microscopy techniques is now being routinely applied in many laboratories.

The recent introduction of single‐molecule DNA sequencers illustrates the commercial impact of single‐molecule techniques in the life sciences.

The absolute stoichiometry of individual macromolecular complexes can be determined by different counting methods such as photobleaching step analysis.

Single‐pair Förster resonance energy transfer (spFRET) can be used to measure molecular interactions and intramolecular distances at the nanometre level.

Tracking of individual molecules in their native context helps understanding how their behaviour is influenced by interactions with other molecules and by cellular processes.

Among other things, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) can be used to investigate the diffusion of individual molecular species and the interaction of multiple species with each other.
Posthumanism
Authors: Bolter Jay David
Published: March 2016

The term “posthumanism” is applied to a range of contemporary theoretical positions put forward by researchers in philosophy, science and technology studies, literary studies, critical theory, theoretical sociology, and communication studies. The term designates a new way of understanding the human subject and its relationship to the natural world. Posthumanist theory claims to offer a new epistemology not centered in Cartesian dualism. It seeks to undermine the traditionally firm boundaries between the human, the animal, and the technological.
Communication Theory and the Disciplines
Authors: Pooley Jefferson D.
Published: March 2016

Communication theory, like the communication discipline itself, has a long history but a short past. This entry traces the range of contributions to communication theory, some influential and others neglected, from the disciplines beyond communication studies. The treatment is divided into three disciplinary categories: (1) the social sciences; (2) cognate fields (like film studies) whose domains overlap with communication; and (3) the humanities. The entry concludes that, despite the many influential theories imported over the last 60 years, a great many have failed to register in our traditions. The line dividing influence from indifference, in other words, has remained strikingly arbitrary.
Epitaxial Coherence at Interfaces as Origin of High Magnetoelectric Coupling in Multiferroic BaTiO3–BiFeO3 Superlattices
Authors: Lorenz Michael , Lazenka Vera , Schwinkendorf Peter , Van Bael Margriet J. , Vantomme André , Temst Kristiaan , Grundmann Marius , Höche Thomas
Published: March 2016

Multiferroic superlattices consisting of 15 double layers BaTiO3–BiFeO3 show a very high magnetoelectric voltage coefficient αME of up to 49 V cm−1 Oe−1 at 300 K, measured at 1 kHz with zero direct current (DC) bias magnetic field. However, the microscopic origins of such high αME values, and the temperature and DC magnetic field dependencies of αME are not understood up to now. Therefore, in this study two superlattices grown at high/low oxygen partial pressures having high/low αME values, respectively, are compared. While at high growth pressure the strain contrast in high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images is limited to few layers at the substrate interface, the low‐pressure sample shows much more pronounced microstrain. This is additionally visualized in Fourier transformed images, and the out‐of‐plane lattice parameter of the single BaTiO3 layer is increased near the interface. In addition to a low density of oxygen vacancies, it seems to be important to avoid micromechanical clamping of the 2D single‐phase nanolayers of the multiferroic BaTiO3–BiFeO3 superlattices to achieve high magnetoelectric coupling.
Easy Access to a Library of Alkylindoles: Reductive Alkylation of Indoles with Carbonyl Compounds and Hydrosilanes under Indium Catalysis
Authors: Nomiyama Shota , Hondo Takehiro , Tsuchimoto Teruhisa
Published: March 2016

By applying carbonyl compounds as sources of alkyl groups to the indium‐catalyzed reductive alkylation of indoles, a reliable and practical method capable of offering a wide range of alkylindoles with structural diversity has been developed. An important feature of this method is that the loading of the indium catalyst can be reduced by more than that of the original alkyne‐based system.

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Modeling and Optimization of the Injection‐Molding Process: A Review
Authors: Fernandes Célio , Pontes António José , Viana Júlio César , Gaspar‐Cunha António
Published: March 2016

The purpose of this article is to review the research done in the field of mathematical modeling and optimization of the injection‐molding (IM) process. Various papers related to the mathematical description of the filling, postfilling, and plasticating phases of the IM process were assessed, and some recent advances on the IM field are described. In addition, research devoted to the optimization of the IM process based on various techniques is also discussed. These optimization techniques include design of experiments, artificial neural networks, and evolutionary algorithms. The strengths and weaknesses of each approach were discussed. Finally, this paper also discusses the optimization research performed in the IM process regarding some of the specific features associated with the processes such as runner system and cooling channel configurations, process conditions, gate location, and cavity pressure balancing.
Numerical simulations of the effect of ionic surfactant/polymer on oil–water interface using dissipative particle dynamics
Authors: Wang Shuyan , Yang Shanwen , Wang Xu , Liu Yang , Yang Shuren , Dong Qun
Published: March 2016

Effects of the ionic surfactant (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and polymer (styrene‐maleic acid copolymers) on the oil/water interface are studied using dissipative particle dynamics at the mesoscopic scale. Effects of the water content on equilibrated morphology of the oil/water emulsion are studied with the help of ionic surfactant. In addition, oil/water emulsion has the patterns of the compound emulsifier at the very low and very high water content. The interfacial tension increases, reaches maximum, and then decreases with an increase of water content. Both experiments and simulations show that the inorganic salts can improve the interfacial efficiency of the ionic surfactants, and lower the interfacial tension. The influence of polymer number is studied on their ability to reduce interfacial tension. The distributions of interfacial tension and mean interfacial density are predicted. The lower the interfacial tension and faster oil coalescence are, the more polymers are. In addition, the influence of the polymer on the surfactant aggregation behavior of the oil–water interface is discussed. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving green emission of Tb3+ ions in BaO‐B2O3‐P2O5 glasses by means of Al3+ ions
Authors: Kalpana T. , Gandhi Y. , Sudarsan V. , Piasecki M. , Ravi Kumar V. , Veeraiah N.
Published: March 2016

BaO‐B2O3‐P2O5 glasses doped with a fixed concentration of Tb3+ ions and varying concentrations of Al2O3 were synthesized, and the influence of the Al3+ ion concentration on the luminescence efficiency of the green emission of Tb3+ ions was investigated. The optical absorption, excitation, luminescence spectra and fluorescence decay curves of these glasses were recorded at ambient temperature. The emission spectra of terbium ions when excited at 393 nm exhibited two main groups of bands, corresponding to 5D3 → 7Fj (blue region) and 5D4 → 7Fj (green region). From these spectra, the radiative parameters, viz., spontaneous emission probability A, total emission probability AT, radiative lifetime τ and fluorescent branching ratio β, of different transitions originating from the 5D4 level of Tb3+ ions were evaluated based on the Judd‐Ofelt theory. A clear increase in the quantum efficiency and luminescence of the green emission of Tb3+ ions corresponding to 5D4 → 7F5 transition is observed with increases in the concentration of Al2O3 up to 3.0 mol%. The improvement in emission is attributed to the de‐clustering of terbium ions by Al3+ ions and also to the possible admixing of wave functions of opposite parities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction‐based probe for hydrogen sulfite: dual‐channel and good ratiometric response
Authors: Cheng Xiaohong , He Ping , Zhong Zhicheng , Liang Guijie
Published: March 2016

We designed and synthesized a new series of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) molecules (compounds T1, T2 and T3) by attaching various electron‐donating thiophene groups to the triphenylamine backbone with aldehyde group as the electron acceptor. Based on the nucleophilic addition reaction between hydrogen sulfite and aldehyde, all compounds could act as ratiometric optical probe for hydrogen sulfite and displayed efficient chromogenic and fluorogenic signaling. Upon the addition of hydrogen sulfite anions, probe T3 displayed apparent fluorescent color changes from yellowish‐green to blue, with a large emission wavelength shift (Δλ = 120 nm). T3 responded to hydrogen sulfite with high sensitivity and the detection limit was determined to be as low as 0.9 μM. At the same time, apparent changes in UV–vis spectra could also be observed. By virtue of the special nucleophilic addition reaction with aldehyde, T3 displayed high selectivity over other anions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiac dysfunction and prenatal exposure to venlafaxine
Authors: Araújo Ana R , Marçal Mónica , Tuna Madalena , Anjos Rui
Published: March 2016

Key Clinical Message

Venlofaxine, a widely used antidepressant, is known to cause a withdrawal syndrome. We present a case of neonatal transient ventricular dysfunction in a neonate exposed to venlafaxine in utero. Other causes of ventricular dysfunction were excluded. Neonatal ventricular dysfunction can be a possible side effect of maternal use of this drug.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal and Electronic Structure of the Quaternary Sulfides Ln2CuMS5 (Ln: La, Ce; M: Sb, Bi).
Authors: Kussainova Ardak M. , Akselrud Lev G. , Suen Nian‐Tzu , Voss Leonard , Stoyko Stanislav , Bobev Svilen
Published: March 2016

Ln2CuMS5 (Ln: La, Ce; M: Sb, Bi) are prepared by solid state reactions of stoichiometric mixtures of Ln, Cu, M, and S (1173 K, 3 d; 70—80% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structure, and Electronic Properties of the Five ABaMQ4 Compounds RbBaPS4, CsBaPS4, CsBaVS4, RbBaVSe4, and CsBaVSe4.
Authors: Mesbah Adel , Prakash Jai , Rocca Dario , Lebegue Sebastien , Beard Jessica C. , Lewis Benjamin A. , Ibers James A.
Published: March 2016

As an example for the title compounds, RbBaPS4 is prepared by solid state reaction of a 1:1:1:4 molar mixture of Ba, P2S5, S, and RbCl (C‐coated evacuated silica tube, 1123 K, 4 d; cooling to 673 K at a rate of 2.5 K/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photocatalytical Properties of Ba3Ta5O14N.
Authors: Anke B. , Bredow T. , Soldat J. , Wark M. , Lerch M.
Published: March 2016

Phase‐pure Ba3TaV5O14N is prepared via a sol‐gel based Pechini route by heating (200 °C) a 3:5 molar mixture of BaCl2 and TaCl5 in EtOH/citric acid/ethylene glycol prior to calcination at 400 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Resistivities of the Two New Ternary Uranium Selenides, Er3USe8 and Yb3USe8.
Authors: Prakash Jai , Mesbah Adel , Beard Jessica C. , Malliakas Christos D. , Ibers James A.
Published: March 2016

Er3USe8 and Yb3USe8 are prepared reaction of the elements in the molar ratio of Er (Yb):U:Se = 2:1:10 in a PbI2 flux (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Construction of Six‐Membered Rings by Cyclization of Allenes with Dinuclear Gold Catalysis.
Authors: Qiu Youai , Zhou Jing , Li Junzhao , Fu Chunling , Guo Yinlong , Wang Haoyang , Ma Shengming
Published: March 2016

The Cu/Zn‐catalyzed reaction of alkyne (I) with aldehydes (II) in the presence of (S)‐α,α‐diphenylprolinol affords (S)‐allenes (III), which are converted into chiral 1‐aryl‐1,4‐dihydronaphthalenes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Aza‐Michael Addition of Anilines to 1‐Nitro Cyclohexene by Intramolecular Protonation.
Authors: Ghisu Lorenza , Melis Nicola , Secci Francesco , Frongia Angelo
Published: March 2016

The title reaction proceeds with high stereoselectivity to form the corresponding trans‐products.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Michael Reactions Using β‐Nitrocarbonyl Nucleophiles.
Authors: Gietter‐Burch Amber A. S. , Mitrut Roxana E. , Watson Donald A.
Published: March 2016

The diastereomeric outcome is independent of the diastereomeric ratio of the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Catalysis: Calcium and Camphorsulfonic Acid Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Diynols.
Authors: Rauser Marian , Schroeder Sebastian , Niggemann Meike
Published: March 2016

The cascade cycloisomerization of diynols to bicyclic 2H‐pyrans proceeds readily in the presence of benzaldehyde as a weakly Lewis‐basic electron pair donor and a new catalytic system comprising Ca(NTf2)2, N,N‐dimethylanilinium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate, and 10‐camphorsulfonic acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Friedel—Crafts Acylation Reaction Promoted by 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoro‐2‐propanol.
Authors: Motiwala Hashim F. , Vekariya Rakesh H. , Aube Jeffrey
Published: March 2016

Arylalkanoic acids are intramolecularly cyclized in a 2‐step procedure via the intermediate acid chlorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of Annulated Pyrido[3,4‐b]indoles via Rh(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclization.
Authors: Varelas Jonathan G. , Khanal Satyam , O'Donnell Michael A. , Mulcahy Seann P.
Published: March 2016

Title compounds (V) and (IX) are synthesized in three steps via Sonogashira coupling, desilylation, and Rh‐catalyzed cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Aerobic Oxidation of Benzylic sp3 C—H Bonds of Ethers and Alkylarenes Promoted by a Recyclable TEMPO Catalyst.
Authors: Zhang Zhiguang , Gao Yuan , Liu Yuan , Li Jianjun , Xie Hexin , Li Hao , Wang Wei
Published: March 2016

The utility of this method is demonstrated in the synthesis of mellein (XVII).
ChemInform Abstract: Activation of a Hydroamination Gold Catalyst by Oxidation of a Redox‐Noninnocent Chlorostibine Z‐Ligand.
Authors: Yang Haifeng , Gabbai Francois P.
Published: March 2016

The design and synthesis of gold trihalostiborane complexes with enhanced σ‐accepting properties is described and their utility as catalyst for the hydroamination of terminal alkynes is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Synthesis of 2‐Allyloxy‐1‐methylpyridinium Triflate for the Allylation of Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Strayer Timothy A. , Culy Caleb C. , Bunner Matthew H. , Frank Amie R. , Albiniak Philip A.
Published: March 2016

Treatment of 2‐allyloxypyrimidine with methyl triflate gives the title intermediate which is an efficient reagent for the allylation of various acids (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Two‐Phase Oxidations with Aqueous Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Amphiphilic Pyridinium and Diazinium Salts.
Authors: Hartman Tomas , Sturala Jiri , Cibulka Radek
Published: March 2016

This novel oxidation method takes advantage of interim covalent bonding of hydrogen peroxide to an amphiphilic pyridinium or diazinium salt to increase the lipophilicity of the hydroperoxide species which eventually allows for oxidation in a non‐polar medium.
ChemInform Abstract: A Concise Synthesis of Chiral Indanes as α1A Adrenoceptor Partial Agonists.
Authors: Roberts Lee R. , et al.
Published: March 2016

A rhodium catalyzed cyclocarbonylation is used for preparation of key indan‐1‐ones which are further functionalized a C1 by standard transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spiro[benzo[d]pyrrolo[2,1‐b]thiazole‐3,3′‐indolines] via Cycloaddition Reaction of N‐Phenacylbenzothiazolium Bromides and 3‐Methyleneoxindoles.
Authors: Shen Guo‐Liang , Sun Jing , Yan Chao‐Guo
Published: March 2016

An efficient protocol for the diastereoselective synthesis of the title compounds by 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of N‐phenacylbenzothiazolium and N‐phenacylthiazolium bromides with several oxindoles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible‐Light‐Mediated Generation of Nitrogen‐Centered Radicals: Metal‐Free Hydroimination and Iminohydroxylation Cyclization Reactions.
Authors: Davies Jacob , Booth Samuel G. , Essafi Stephanie , Dryfe Robert A. W. , Leonori Daniele
Published: March 2016

The novel hydroimination and iminohydroxylation cyclization reactions proceed via formation of iminyl radicals from O‐aryl oximes.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed syn‐Carboamination of Alkenes via a Transient Directing Group.
Authors: Piou Tiffany , Rovis Tomislav
Published: March 2016

The syn‐carboamination of various disubstituted alkenes is achieved using a novel bulky cyclopentadienyl ligand that alters the inherent chemoselectivity of the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Allylic C—H Oxidation for the Synthesis of Chromans.
Authors: Wang Pu‐Sheng , Liu Peng , Zhai Yu‐Jia , Lin Hua‐Chen , Han Zhi‐Yong , Gong Liu‐Zhu
Published: March 2016

The title reaction is achieved in the presence of a Pd‐complex of a chiral phosphoramidite ligand and o‐fluorobenzoic acid as co‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of O‐ and N‐Alkylated Products of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydrobenzo[c][2,7]naphthyrin‐5(6H)‐one.
Authors: Bommagani Shobanbabu , Lee Na‐Ra , Zhang Xuan , Dwoskin Linda P. , Zheng Guangrong
Published: March 2016

O‐Alkylated products (IV) are prepared via reduction‐cyclization cascade reaction of ester (I) followed by selective O‐alkylation reaction of the key‐precursor (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Four New Isomeric Sesquiterpene Lactone Dimers from Carpesium faberi.
Authors: Xu Xi‐ke , Ye Ji , Chen Li‐ping , Zhang Wei‐dong , Yang Yong‐xun , Li Hui‐liang
Published: March 2016

Guaianodilactones A—D (I)—(IV) are isolated from the title plant.
ChemInform Abstract: Isomerism in Complexes with the Decahydro‐Closo‐Decaborate Anion
Authors: Avdeeva Varvara V. , Malinina Elena A. , Kuznetsov Nikolay T.
Published: March 2016

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Assembly of Organosilver (I) Networks with Multinuclear Supramolecular Synthons Containing All‐Carbon and Carbon‐Rich Anionic Ligands
Authors: Hau Sam S. K. , Hu Ting , Tam Dennis Y. S. , Mak Thomas C. W.
Published: March 2016

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Coupling in Cyclometalated Ruthenium Complexes
Authors: Zhong Yu‐Wu , Gong Zhong‐Liang , Shao Jiang‐Yang , Yao Jiannian
Published: March 2016

Review: 206 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyridinoacridine Alkaloids of Marine Origin: NMR and MS Spectral Data, Synthesis, Biosynthesis and Biological Activity
Authors: Sandjo Louis P. , Kuete Victor , Biavatti Maique W.
Published: March 2016

Review: [101 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Chemistry: From Aromatic Foldamers to Solution‐Phase Supramolecular Organic Frameworks
Authors: Li Zhan‐Ting
Published: March 2016

Review: [94 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Organometallic Reagents to Extended Michael Acceptors
Authors: Schmid Thibault E. , Drissi‐Amraoui Sammy , Crevisy Christophe , Basle Olivier , Mauduit Marc
Published: March 2016

Review: [42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of γ‐Valerolactone from Carbohydrates and Its Applications
Authors: Zhang Zehui
Published: March 2016

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in C—H Functionalization
Authors: Davies Huw M. L. , Morton Daniel
Published: March 2016

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radicals and Dormant Species in Biology and Polymer Chemistry
Authors: Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Ferreri Carla , Matyjaszewski Krzysztof
Published: March 2016

Review: 151 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Quaternary Phosphonium Salts as Phase‐Transfer Catalysts for Environmentally Benign Asymmetric Transformations
Authors: Liu Shiyao , Kumatabara Yusuke , Shirakawa Seiji
Published: March 2016

Review: [37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Routes to Pyrazole‐3(5)‐carboxylates
Authors: Khidre Rizk E. , Abdel‐Wahab Bakr F. , Farahat Abdelbasset A. , Mohamed Hanan A.
Published: March 2016

Review: 123 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical C—H Functionalization to Construct Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Yu Jin‐Tao , Pan Changduo
Published: March 2016

Review: [72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical Cation Salts: From Single‐Electron Oxidation to C—H Activation
Authors: Jia Xiaodong
Published: March 2016

Review: [36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isoxazolines: A Novel Chemotype Highly Effective on Ectoparasites
Authors: Weber Tina , Selzer Paul M.
Published: March 2016

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multitarget Opioid Ligands in Pain Relief: New Players in an Old Game
Authors: Turnaturi Rita , Arico Giuseppina , Ronsisvalle Giuseppe , Parenti Carmela , Pasquinucci Lorella
Published: March 2016

Review: 120 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Experimental Demonstrations of Spontaneous, Solar‐Driven Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Ager Joel W. , Shaner Matthew R. , Walczak Karl A. , Sharp Ian D. , Ardo Shane
Published: March 2016

Review: 109 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods in Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Koptyug Igor V.
Published: March 2016

Review: 203 refs.
The Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Prasugrel and Clopidogrel in Healthy Japanese Volunteers
Authors: Umemura Kazuo , Iwaki Takayuki
Published: March 2016

The dosing regimen of prasugrel adjusted for Japanese patients was compared with that of clopidogrel by analyzing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in 40 healthy Japanese subjects in a randomized, single‐blind crossover study. In period 1, the subjects received either 300 mg clopidogrel or 20 mg prasugrel; after a >2‐week interval (period 2), the drug was switched. Blood samples of 36 of the 40 subjects were collected for analysis of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and CYP2C19 genotypes. The plasma concentration of the active metabolite of prasugrel increased rapidly and reached its peak 30 minutes postadministration, whereas that of the active metabolite of clopidogrel reached its peak 1 hour postadministration. The mean AUC and Cmax of the active metabolite of clopidogrel, but not those of prasugrel, were CYP2C19 genotype dependent. Prasugrel rapidly inhibited platelet aggregation, reaching its maximum effect 1 hour postadministration. Clopidogrel, on the other hand, showed maximum inhibition 2 hours postadministration. Platelet aggregation inhibition by clopidogrel was significantly lower in the poor‐metabolizer subjects than in the extensive‐metabolizer subjects. Overall, prasugrel inhibited platelet aggregation more rapidly and more effectively in healthy Japanese subjects than was observed for clopidogrel.
The Construal of Midwives by Pregnant Women with a Body Mass Index Greater Than or Equal to 30 kg/m2 (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2): A Repertory Grid Study
Authors: Hodgkinson Emma L , Smith Debbie M , Hare Dougal Julian , Wittkowski Anja
Published: March 2016

Objective

To explore the construal of midwives by pregnant women with a body mass index greater than 30 kg/m2 (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2).

Method

Ten pregnant women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 were recruited from antenatal clinics at a maternity hospital in the North West of England. Each participant completed a repertory grid. The participants chose people to match roles including themselves, pregnant women, midwives of different BMIs and hypothetical elements. They also generated psychological constructs to describe them.

Results

Pregnant women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 construed themselves as vulnerable and self‐conscious. Some women endorsed obesity‐related stereotypes for themselves and felt responsible for their weight. The midwife with a BMI 18 < 30 kg/m2 was considered to be most similar to the ideal midwife, while the midwife with a BMI ≤ 18 kg/m2 was construed as having an undesirable interpersonal style. The midwife with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 was often construed as sharing similar experiences to the pregnant women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, such as struggling with the psychological consequences of a raised BMI. Some women construed the midwife with a BMI 30 < 40 kg/m2 in a positive way, whereas others viewed it as sharing similar feelings about weight as the midwife with a BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2.

Conclusions

The pregnant women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 in this study described perceptions of themselves and the midwives responsible for their care, which may affect their engagement and satisfaction with services. Pregnant women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 should be involved in service development activities to ensure the structure of services and the language used by midwives are acceptable and do not confirm weight‐related stereotypes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message

Pregnant women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 construe themselves as vulnerable and self‐conscious and perceive themselves responsible for their weight.

Pregnant women with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 construe midwives with a low BMI as having an undesirable, cold, interpersonal style.

Midwives with a raised BMI are construed as similar to the women, because they share the uncomfortable psychological consequences of a raised BMI.

The nature of pregnant women's construal may affect their engagement and satisfaction with maternity services and midwifery care.
Estimation of quality of service parameters for OFDM–TDMA networks using Markov chains and service curve
Authors: Vieira Flávio H. T. , Costa Victor H. T. , Rocha Flávio G. C. , Ling Lee L.
Published: March 2016

This paper presents a model based on Queueing Theory for Orthogonal Frequency‐Division Multiplexing–Time‐Division Multiple Access (OFDM–TDMA) networks. This network model requires a Markovian model to the traffic processes. Thus, we present a Markov Modulated Fluid Model (MMFM) with autocorrelation function fitting for the network traffic, in order to evaluate the performance of the transmission link in OFDM–TDMA systems. That is, we deduce equations for estimating QoS parameters of OFDM–TDMA systems. The obtained results confirm that the proposed network model is efficient in describing the OFDM based link performance. A novel equation is also introduced for estimating the buffer overflow probability in OFDM–TDMA systems using a proposed network service curve. The computational effort is reduced compared to the Queueing Theory based method of overflow probability estimation. Besides, the results show that the estimates are very close to those obtained by simulations.
Examining the indirect effects of religious orientations on well‐being through personal locus of control
Authors: Osborne Danny , Milojev Petar , Sibley Chris G.
Published: March 2016

Religiosity often positively correlates with well‐being. Some orientations towards religion may, however, adversely affect well‐being by decreasing perceptions of personal locus of control—a critical antecedent of mental health. We examined this possibility in a New Zealand‐based national sample of religiously identified adults (N = 1486). As predicted, fundamentalism had a negative indirect effect on life satisfaction, but a positive indirect effect on psychological distress. Conversely, people's intrinsic religious orientation had a positive indirect effect on life satisfaction, but a negative indirect effect on psychological distress. Notably, all four indirect effects were transmitted through personal, but not God, locus of control. These results highlight the diversity of religious orientations and show that religious orientations that deemphasize people's personal locus of control have negative consequences for well‐being.
Three‐dimensional beam‐truss model for reinforced concrete walls and slabs – part 1: modeling approach, validation, and parametric study for individual reinforced concrete walls
Authors: Lu Yuan , Panagiotou Marios , Koutromanos Ioannis
Published: March 2016

A three‐dimensional beam‐truss model for reinforced concrete (RC) walls developed by the first two authors in a previous study is modified to better represent the flexure–shear interaction and more accurately capture diagonal shear failures under static cyclic or dynamic loading. The modifications pertain to the element formulations and the determination of the inclination angle of the diagonal elements. The modified beam‐truss model is validated using the experimental test data of eight RC walls subjected to static cyclic loading, including two non‐planar RC walls under multiaxial cyclic loading. Five of the walls considered experienced diagonal shear failure after reaching their flexural strength, while the other three walls had a flexure‐dominated response. The numerically computed lateral force–lateral displacement and strain contours are compared with the experimentally recorded response and damage patterns for the walls. The effects of different model parameters on the computed results are examined by means of parametric analyses. Extension of the model to simulate RC slabs and coupled RC walls is presented in a companion paper. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bias correction and characterization of climate forecast system re‐analysis daily precipitation in Ethiopia using fuzzy overlay
Authors: Berhanu Belete , Seleshi Yilma , Demisse Solomon S. , Melesse Assefa M.
Published: March 2016

Knowledge of spatiotemporal variability of rainfall magnitude, pattern and trend is fundamental for understanding hydrological systems and runoff prediction for both gauged and ungauged catchments. These variables can be derived from rainfall‐monitoring programmes with adequate spatial distribution and temporal coverage. However, rainfall‐gauging stations in most developing countries are distributed sparsely. Remotely sensed rainfall datasets are becoming alternative rainfall data sources for larger area applications and are proven to have adequate spatiotemporal resolutions. Climate forecast system re‐analysis (CFSR) is one such dataset provided by the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). This dataset captures the rainfall pattern in Ethiopia but with s magnitude bias of over‐ and underestimations. In this study, magnitude bias correction of the CFSR dataset with a linear scaling technique resulted in a rainfall grid of the country with ∼38 km spatial resolution of a 32 year (1979–2010) daily rainfall dataset. For the bias correction, observed annual rainfall from 930 and daily rainfall from 195 rain gauges were used. The study also attempted to understand the space and time variability of the rainfall through the construction of shape, magnitude and composite rainfall regimes for the entire country. The rainfall regimes of the country were developed using the fuzzy overlay technique with multi‐indices of rainfall. The rainfall regimes address the frequency, duration, timing and magnitude variability of rainfall. The performance of the dataset generation and rainfall regime classification was evaluated using Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and percent bias (PBIAS) values, which were found to be 0.8 and 1.3, respectively.
Maternal vitamin B6 deficient or supplemented diets on expression of genes related to GABAergic, serotonergic, or glutamatergic pathways in hippocampus of rat dams and their offspring
Authors: Almeida Mara Ribeiro , Mabasa Lawrence , Crane Courtney , Park Chung S , Venâncio Vinícius Paula , Bianchi Maria Lourdes Pires , Antunes Lusânia Maria Greggi
Published: March 2016

Scope

Vitamin B6 plays crucial roles on brain development and its maternal deficiency impacts the gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, serotonergic, glutamatergic, and dopaminergic systems in offspring. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these neurological changes are not well understood. Thus, we aimed at evaluating which components of those neurotransmitter metabolism and signaling pathways can be modulated by maternal vitamin B6‐deficient or B6‐supplementated diets in the hippocampus of rat dams and their offspring.

Methods and results

Female Wistar rats were fed three different diets: control (6 mg vitamin B6/kg), supplemented (30 mg vitamin B6/kg) or deficient diet (0 mg vitamin B6/kg), from 4 weeks before pregnancy through lactation. Newborn pups (10 days old) from rat dams fed vitamin B6‐deficient diet presented hyperhomocysteinemia and had a significant increase in mRNA levels of glutamate decarboxylase 1 (Gad1), fibroblast growth factor 2 (Fgf2), and glutamate‐ammonia ligase (Glul), while glutaminase (Gls) and tryptophan hydroxylase 1 (Tph1) mRNAs were downregulated. Vitamin B6 supplementation or deficiency did not change hippocampal global DNA methylation.

Conclusion

A maternal vitamin B6‐deficient diet affects the expression of genes related to GABA, glutamate, and serotonin metabolisms in offspring by regulating Gad1, Glul, Gls, and Tph1 mRNA expression.
Preconditioning techniques for an image deblurring problem
Authors: Chen Ke , Fairag Faisal , Al‐Mahdi Adel
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we consider the solution of a large linear system of equations, which is obtained from discretizing the Euler–Lagrange equations associated with the image deblurring problem. The coefficient matrix of this system is of the generalized saddle point form with high condition number. One of the blocks of this matrix has the block Toeplitz with Toeplitz block structure. This system can be efficiently solved using the minimal residual iteration method with preconditioners based on the fast Fourier transform. Eigenvalue bounds for the preconditioner matrix are obtained. Numerical results are presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dp71Δ78‐79 dystrophin mutant stimulates neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells via upregulation and phosphorylation of HspB1
Authors: Merino‐Jiménez Candelaria , Aragón Jorge , Ceja Víctor , Rodríguez‐Martínez Griselda , Cázares‐Raga Febe E. , Chardonnet Solenne , Pionneau Cédric , Rendon Alvaro , Montañez Cecilia
Published: March 2016

PC12 cells acquire a neuronal phenotype in response to nerve growth factor (NGF). However, this phenotype is more efficiently achieved when the Dp71Δ78‐79 dystrophin mutant is stably expressed in PC12‐C11 cells. To investigate the effect of Dp71Δ78‐79 overexpression on the protein profile of PC12‐C11 cells, we compared the expression profiles of undifferentiated and NGF‐differentiated PC12‐C11 and PC12 cells by 2DE. In undifferentiated cultures, one protein was downregulated, and five were upregulated. Dp71Δ78‐79 overexpression had a greater effect on differentiated cultures, with ten proteins downregulated and seven upregulated. The protein with the highest upregulation was HspB1. Changes in HspB1 expression were validated by Western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Interestingly, the neurite outgrowth in PC12‐C11 cells was affected by a polyclonal antibody against HspB1, and the level of HspB1 and HspB1Ser86 decreased, suggesting an important role for this protein in this cellular process. Our results show that Dp71Δ78‐79 affects the expression level of some proteins and that the stimulated neurite outgrowth produced by this mutant is mainly through upregulation and phosphorylation of HspB1.
Aqueous Terminalia arjuna extract modulates expression of key atherosclerosis‐related proteins in a hypercholesterolemic rabbit: A proteomic‐based study
Authors: Rather Riyaz Ahmad , Malik Vivek Singh , Trikha Dimple , Bhat Owais , Dhawan Veena
Published: March 2016

Purpose

The present study evaluates the effect of an aqueous extract of Terminalia arjuna (aqTAE) on protein expression in aortic plaques of hypercholesterolemic rabbits using a proteomic approach.

Experimental design

Thirty male New Zealand rabbits (n = 6) were employed as Gp1 (stock diet); Gp2 (high‐fat diet [HFD]); Gp3 (stock diet + aqTAE); Gp4 (HFD + aqTAE); and Gp5 (HFD + atorvastatin) and followed for 6 months. Protein lysates of aortic tissues were separated by 2DE and proteins were identified by MALDI‐TOF/MS.

Results

Serum lipids were found to be significantly increased by an HFD and reduced by aqTAE both at 3 and 6 months (Gp4 vs. Gp2; p < 0.05). Total 79 spots were differentially expressed, among which 60 individual proteins were identified, 31 grouped as atherosclerosis‐related proteins and 29 classified as others. aqTAE significantly attenuated the protein expression of tumor necrosis factor α, cyclooxygenase‐2, MMP‐9, HSP60, ICAM‐5, Endothelin‐3, Vimentin, Protein S100‐A9 besides others. Many of the observed proteins are known to be consistently associated with endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, plaque rupture, and immune imbalance.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

Strong hypolipidemic effects of aqTAE and attenuation of these signature atherogenic biomarkers using proteomics highlights the fact that aqTAE may be useful in the prevention and management of atherosclerosis.
Peculiarities of CdS nanocrystal formation at annealing of a Langmuir‐Blodgett matrix
Authors: Svit Kirill , Protasov Dmitry , Teys Sergey , Sveshnikova Larisa , Maksim Yakushev , Zhuravlev Konstantin
Published: March 2016

Formation and assembling of CdS nanocrystals (NC) on highly‐ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and on oxidized silicon substrates have been investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). NC were initially formed within a Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) matrix of cadmium behenate. The LB matrix was then removed by annealing in an ammonia atmosphere. It is shown that the NC self‐assembling is mainly determined by the LB matrix wetting properties. In case of wettable HOPG substrate homogeneous matrix evaporation occurs that leads to coarsening of the NC arrays as the main self‐assembly process. Otherwise, NC prepared on non‐wettable SiO2‐Si substrate demonstrate arrays formation determined by the LB matrix dewetting process. For the both cases, the influence of kinetic limitations connected with matrix evaporation rate on the self‐assembly process is observed. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative studies of CdSe/ZnSe quantum dot structures epitaxially grown with or without a sub‐monolayer CdTe stressor
Authors: Rakhlin M. V. , Belyaev K. G. , Sedova I. V. , Sorokin S. V. , Gronin S. V. , Usikova A. A. , Sitnikova A. A. , Brunkov P. N. , Ivanov S. V. , Toropov A. A.
Published: March 2016

We report on comparative studies of the emission properties of CdSe/ZnSe quantum dots (QDs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy either with or without predeposition of a sub‐monolayer CdTe stressor, and in the latter case, either with or without in‐situ thermal annealing. The emission of a limited number of QDs was registered in all samples by micro‐photoluminescence confocal spectroscopy through 500‐nm‐size round apertures opened in a non‐transparent gold mask by ball assisted etching technique. The measurements reveal the lowest density of emitting QDs in the sample grown with the in‐situ annealing that is attributed to both ripening of the CdSe QDs and strain relaxation in the largest QDs, followed by formation of defects serving as centres of nonradiative recombination. The employment of the CdTe stressor causes narrowing of the total QDs emission band and simultaneous broadening of the single‐QD lines that is consistent with the formation of a relatively homogeneous dense array of type‐I CdSe/ZnSe QDs adjoining type‐II Zn(Cd)Te/ZnSe nanostructures. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)