bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subject‐ and resource‐specific monitoring and proactive management of parallel radiofrequency transmission
Authors: Deniz Cem M. , Alon Leeor , Brown Ryan , Zhu Yudong
Published: July 2015

Purpose

Develop a practical comprehensive package for proactive management of parallel radiofrequency (RF) transmission.

Methods

With a constrained optimization framework and predictive models from a prescan based multichannel calibration, we presented a method supporting design and optimization of parallel RF excitation pulses that accurately obey the forward/reflected peak and average power limits of the RF power amplifiers in parallel transmit imaging experiments and Bloch simulations. Moreover, local SAR limits were incorporated into the parallel RF excitation pulses using electromagnetic field simulations. Virtual transmit coils concept for minimization of reflected power (effecting subject‐specific matching) was additionally demonstrated by leveraging experimentally calibrated power models.

Results

Incorporation of experimentally calibrated power prediction models resulted in accurate compliance with prescribed hardware and global specific absorption rate (SAR) limits. Incorporation of spatial average 10 g SAR models, facilitated by simplifying numerical approximations, provided assurance of patient safety. RF pulses designed with various constraints demonstrated excellent excitation fidelity—the normalized root‐mean‐square error of the simulated excitation profiles was 2.6% for the fully constrained pulses, comparable to that of the unconstrained pulses. An RF shimming example showed a reduction of the reflected‐to‐forward power ratio to 1.7% from a conventional approach's 8.1%.

Conclusion

Using the presented RF pulse design method, effective proactive management of the multifaceted power and SAR limits was demonstrated in experimental and simulation studies. Magn Reson Med 76:20–31, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mapping Cohesive Fracture and Fragmentation Simulations to Graphics Processor Units
Authors: Alhadeff A. , Celes W. , Paulino G. H.
Published: July 2015

A graphics processor units(GPU)‐based computational framework is presented to deal with dynamic failure events simulated by means of cohesive zone elements. The work is divided into two parts. In the first part, we deal with pre‐processing of the information and verify the effectiveness of dynamic insertion of cohesive elements in large meshes in parallel. To this effect, we employ a novel and simplified topological data structure specialized for meshes with triangles, designed to run efficiently and minimize memory occupancy on the GPU. In the second part, we present a parallel explicit dynamics code that implements an extrinsic cohesive zone formulation where the elements are inserted ‘on‐the‐fly’, when needed and where needed. The main challenge for implementing a GPU‐based computational framework using an extrinsic cohesive zone formulation resides on being able to dynamically adapt the mesh, in a consistent way, by inserting cohesive elements on fractured facets. In order to handle that, we extend the conventional data structure used in the finite element method (based on element incidence) and store, for each element, references to the adjacent elements. This additional information suffices to consistently insert cohesive elements by duplicating nodes when needed. Currently, our data structure is specialized for triangular meshes, but an extension to tetrahedral meshes is feasible. The data structure is effective when used in conjunction with algorithms to traverse nodes and elements. Results from parallel simulations show an increase in performance when adopting strategies such as distributing different jobs among threads for the same element and launching many threads per element. To avoid concurrency on accessing shared entities, we employ graph coloring. In a pre‐processing phase, each node of the dual graph (bulk elements of the mesh as graph nodes) is assigned a color different from the colors assigned to adjacent nodes. In that fashion, elements of the same color can be processed in parallel without concurrency. All the procedures needed for the insertion of cohesive elements along fracture facets and for computing nodal properties are performed by threads assigned to triangles, invoking one kernel per color. Computations on existing cohesive elements are also performed based on adjacent bulk elements. Experiments show that GPU speedup increases with the number of nodes and bulk elements. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MPC‐based tracking for real‐time systems subject to time‐varying polytopic constraints
Authors: Manrique T. , Fiacchini M. , Chambrion T. , Millerioux G.
Published: July 2015

This paper presents a real‐time MPC‐based tracking strategy for linear systems subject to time‐varying constraints. The framework is quite general because the time‐varying constraints can apply both to the state and to the input. To handle the problem, a polytopic invariant set computed off‐line is homogeneously dilated or contracted on‐line to fit the polytopic time‐varying constraints. The invariant set is used as an admissible terminal constraint set so that it guarantees stability and convergence in the tracking task. The on‐line cost of the homothetic invariant set computation is low enough to cope with systems subject to stringent real‐time constraints. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Loss of neprilysin alters protein expression in the brain of Alzheimer's disease model mice
Authors: Nilsson Per , Loganathan Krishnapriya , Sekiguchi Misaki , Winblad Bengt , Iwata Nobuhisa , Saido Takaomi C. , Tjernberg Lars O.
Published: July 2015

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease displaying extracellular plaques formed by the neurotoxic amyloid β‐peptide (Aβ), and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles consisting of protein tau. However, how these pathologies relate to the massive neuronal death that occurs in AD brains remain elusive. Neprilysin is the major Aβ‐degrading enzyme and a lack thereof increases Aβ levels in the brain twofold. To identify altered protein expression levels induced by increased Aβ levels, we performed a proteomic analysis of the brain of the AD mouse model APPsw and compared it to that of APPsw mice lacking neprilysin. To this end we established an LC‐MS/MS method to analyze brain homogenate, using an 18O‐labeled internal standard to accurately quantify the protein levels. To distinguish between alterations in protein levels caused by increased Aβ levels and those induced by neprilysin deficiency independently of Aβ, the brain proteome of neprilysin deficient APPsw mice was also compared to that of neprilysin deficient mice. By this approach we identified approximately 600 proteins and the levels of 300 of these were quantified. Pathway analysis showed that many of the proteins with altered expression were involved in neurological disorders, and that tau, presenilin and APP were key regulators in the identified networks. The data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium with identifiers PXD000968 and PXD001786 (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD000968 and (http://proteomecentral.proteomexchange.org/dataset/PXD001786). Interestingly, the levels of several proteins, including some not previously reported to be linked to AD, were associated with increased Aβ levels.
A PBC‐DFT study of electronic properties of substituted polythiophenes
Authors: Vikramaditya Talapunur , Saisudhakar Mukka , Sumithra Kanakamma
Published: July 2015

The electronic properties of polythiophenes substituted with various electron‐withdrawing and electron‐donating groups are investigated by employing periodic density functional calculations. The polymer is modeled as infinite one‐dimensional system with periodic boundary condition along the molecular direction. The effect of substitution on bandgaps is studied with various substituents like alkyls, halogens, aromatic and alkoxy groups in different regioregular forms. The alkoxy groups are found to substantially lower the bandgap of unsubstituted polythiophene, and aromatic groups in head–head/tail–tail forms are found to increase the bandgap. Irrespective of the type of substituents, groups that show deviations in planarity in oligomeric forms have shown an increase in bandgap in contrast to the general perception that head–head linkage always results in an increase in bandgap. Our study also confirms the previous findings that scaling from the oligomer bandgaps poses serious limitation to the prediction of polymeric bandgaps and that it should be evaluated with the infinite polymer system employing periodic boundary condition. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lethal trap trees: a potential option for emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) management
Authors: McCullough Deborah G , Poland Therese M , Lewis Phillip A
Published: July 2015

BACKGROUND

Economic and ecological impacts of ash (Fraxinus spp.) mortality resulting from emerald ash borer (EAB) (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) invasion are severe in forested, residential and urban areas. Management options include girdling ash trees to attract ovipositing adult beetles and then destroying infested trees before larvae develop or protecting ash with a highly effective, systemic emamectin benzoate insecticide. Injecting this insecticide and then girdling injected trees a few weeks later could effectively create lethal trap trees, similar to a bait‐and‐kill tactic, if girdling does not interfere with insecticide translocation. We compared EAB larval densities on girdled trees, trees injected with the emamectin benzoate insecticide, trees injected with the insecticide and then girdled 18–21 days later and untreated controls at multiple sites.

RESULTS

Pretreatment larval densities did not differ among treatments. Current‐year larval densities were higher on girdled and control trees than on any trees treated with insecticide at all sites. Foliar residue analysis and adult EAB bioassays showed that girdling trees after insecticide injections did not reduce insecticide translocation.

CONCLUSIONS

Girdling ash trees to attract adult EAB did not reduce efficacy of emamectin benzoate trunk injections applied ≥18 days earlier and could potentially be used in integrated management programs to slow EAB population growth. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Establishing Good Practices for Exposure–Response Analysis of Clinical Endpoints in Drug Development
Authors: Overgaard RV , Ingwersen SH , Tornøe CW
Published: July 2015

This tutorial aims at promoting good practices for exposure–response (E‐R) analyses of clinical endpoints in drug development. The focus is on practical aspects of E‐R analyses to assist modeling scientists with a process of performing such analyses in a consistent manner across individuals and projects and tailored to typical clinical drug development decisions. This includes general considerations for planning, conducting, and visualizing E‐R analyses, and how these are linked to key questions.
Changes in the loadings on the shoulder girdle in the case of scapulothoracic fusion
Authors: Atmaca Halil , Uğur Levent , Özkan Arif , Grassi Mantelli Alberto , Erzincanli Fehmi
Published: July 2015

Background

Scapulothoracic fusion (STF) may be an alternative and salvage procedure in the treatment of scapular winging. The biomechanical effects of this procedure on the shoulder girdle have not been previously considered. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the relationship between STF and the stress distribution pattern of the shoulder girdle.

Methods

Three‐dimensional solid modeling of the shoulder girdle was carried out using virtual finite element modeling. STF was applied to the reference model obtained in a computer environment. Dynamic and nonlinear analysis was performed.

Results

Stress distributions in joints and ligaments were calculated. With respect to loading on the joints, maximum equivalent stresses increased on acromioclavicular (AC) and GH joints in the case of STF during abduction and flexion respectively.

Conclusion

Results revealed that STF is a non‐physiological, static procedure leading to load increase on GH and AC joint cartilages, which may be a cause of potential joint osteoarthritis. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving dimensional measurement from noisy atomic force microscopy images by non‐local means filtering
Authors: Chen Yuhang
Published: July 2015

Quantitative evaluation of dimensional parameters from noisy atomic force microscopy (AFM) images was investigated. Non‐local means (NLM) denoising was adopted to reduce noise and maintain fine image structures. Major tuning parameters in NLM filtering, such as the patch size and the window size, were optimized on simulated surface structures. The ability of dimensional evaluation from noisy data was demonstrated to be improved by almost 15 times. Finally, NLM filtering with optimal settings was applied on experimental AFM images, which were scanned on a patterned few‐layer graphene specimen. Evaluations of the step height and the pattern size were verified to be much more accurate and robust. Such a data processing method can enhance the AFM dimensional measurements, particularly when the noise‐level is reached. SCANNING 38:113–120, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systems Thinking Orientation Assessment Framework (STOAF): Towards Identifying the Key Characteristics of the Systems Thinker and Understanding Their Prevalence in the Layperson
Authors: Burnell Dean
Published: July 2015

This research project sets out to attempt to answer a simple question: to what extent are systems thinking behaviours and attitudes prevalent in the layperson? It questions the extent to which systems thinking is essentially an academic construct for experiential learning, developed in response to life experiences. This research, undertaken using a triangulation of methods including storytelling, interviews and a quantitative survey, suggests that it may be possible to define the key orientations of the systems thinker, that it could be possible to test for ‘systems thinking orientation’ and that systems thinking education is not essential to the attainment of a ‘systemic outlook’. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From High‐Entropy Alloys to High‐Entropy Steels
Authors: Raabe Dierk , Tasan Cemal Cem , Springer Hauke , Bausch Michael
Published: July 2015

Inspired by high‐entropy alloys, we study the design of steels that are based on high configurational entropy for stabilizing a single‐phase solid solution matrix. The focus is placed on the system Fe–Mn–Al–Si–C but we also present trends in the alloy system Fe–Mn–Al–C. Unlike in conventional high‐entropy alloys, where five or more equiatomically proportioned components are used, we exploit the flat configurational entropy plateau in transition metal mixtures, stabilizing solid solutions also for lean, non–equiatomic compositions. This renders the high‐entropy alloying concept, where none of the elements prevails, into a class of Fe‐based materials which we refer to as high‐entropy steels. A point that has received little attention in high‐entropy alloys is the use of interstitial elements. Here, we address the role of C in face‐centered cubic solid solution phases. High‐entropy steels reveal excellent mechanical properties, namely, very high ductility and toughness; excellent high rate and low‐temperature ductility; high strength of up to 1 GPa; up to 17% reduced mass density; and very high strain hardening. The microstructure stability can be tuned by adjusting the stacking fault energy. This enables to exploit deformation effects such as the TRIP, TWIP, or precipitation determined mechanisms.
Checking for Understanding Digitally During Content Area Learning
Authors: Fisher Douglas , Frey Nancy
Published: July 2015

In this column, we focus on the various ways that teaches can check for understanding. We organize the information into four categories: speaking and listening, audience response, writing, and projects. For each of these areas, we provide digital tools that teachers can use to determine students’ understanding of the text.
‘Micro‐managers’ of hepatic lipid metabolism and NAFLD
Authors: Liu Wei , Cao Hongchao , Yan Jun , Huang Ruimin , Ying Hao
Published: July 2015

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is tightly associated with insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. As the defining feature of NAFLD, hepatic steatosis develops as a consequence of metabolic dysregulation of de novo lipogenesis, fatty acid uptake, fatty acid oxidation, and triglycerides (TG) export. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous small noncoding RNAs, play critical roles in various biological processes through regulating gene expression at post‐transcriptional level. A growing body of evidence suggests that miRNAs not only maintain hepatic TG homeostasis under physiological condition, but also participate in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge of the hepatic miRNAs associated with the development of liver steatosis and the regulatory mechanisms involved, which might be helpful to further understand the nature of NAFLD and provide a sound scientific basis for the drug development. WIREs RNA 2015, 6:581–593. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1295

This article is categorized under:

RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease
Using GPS collars to determine parturition and cause‐specific mortality of moose calves
Authors: Severud William J. , Giudice Glenn Del , Obermoller Tyler R. , Enright Thomas A. , Wright Robert G. , Forester James D.
Published: July 2015

Global positioning system (GPS) collars have been deployed on adult moose (Alces americanus) and other ungulates to study various aspects of their ecology, but until the current study they have not been fitted to moose neonates. The moose population in northeastern Minnesota, USA, has been declining since 2006, and information on neonatal survival and cause‐specific mortality are needed. We monitored hourly movements of GPS‐collared females for indications of calving. During 2 May–2 June 2013 we observed 47 of 73 collared females (50 known pregnant, 17 not pregnant, 6 unknown pregnancy status) make “calving movements” followed by a clustering of locations. After allowing a mean bonding time of 40.2 hr, we approached their calving sites and captured and GPS‐collared 49 neonates from 31 dams. We closely monitored dam–calf movements and launched rapid investigative responses to calf mortality notifications to determine cause of mortality. Mean response time was 53.3 hr, but ranged from 0.3 hr to 579 hr, depending on collar accessibility and proper functioning of the GPS component. We censored capture‐related mortalities and slipped collars. Twenty‐five of 34 calves (74%) died of natural causes as of 31 December 2013, including 1 after natural abandonment, 1 after abandonment of unknown cause, 1 drowning, 1 unknown predator kill, 1 lethal infection from wolf (Canis lupus) bites, 4 black bear (Ursus americanus) kills, 12 wolf kills, and 4 “probable wolf kills.” As this technology develops, the quantity and quality of survival, cause‐specific mortality, movement, and habitat use data generated from intense monitoring of GPS‐collared adults and offspring will have unprecedented value associated with management at the population and landscape scales. © 2015 The Wildlife Society.
Synthesis, Structures, and Luminescent Properties of Two Four‐connected Polymers Based on 2, 2‐Dimethylsuccinic Acid
Authors: Ding Fang , Qi Yan‐Guo , Xu Yun , Yang Pei‐Pei , Zhou Yong‐Hong , Zhu Li‐Li
Published: July 2015

The polymers [Cd(L)(H2O)] (1) and [Zn(L)(4, 4′‐bipy)(H2O)3] (2) (L = 2, 2‐dimethylsuccinated anion) were synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by IR spectrosopy, elemental analyses, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The latter reveals that the polymer 1 exhibits a four‐connected dia‐topology net based on the novel tetranuclear CdII units, whereas polymer 2 displays a 4‐connnected CdSO4 topology net. Moreover, the photoluminescent properties of 1 and 2 were investigated.
Uso de variables mediadoras y moderadoras en la explicación de la lealtad del consumidor en ambientes de servicios
Authors: Bustamante Juan Carlos
Published: July 2015

El presente artículo tiene por objeto desarrollar un modelo que permita explicar la lealtad del consumidor en un ámbito de servicios al incorporar al análisis variables mediadoras y moderadoras del comportamiento del consumidor. Para contrastar el modelo se realizó un estudio a consumidores de telefonía móvil y televisión por suscripción en Venezuela, a partir de lo cual se realizó una estimación mediante modelos de estructura de covarianza. La investigación produjo un modelo que demuestra la importancia del uso de variables mediadoras (valor percibido y confianza) en la predicción de la lealtad del consumidor en ambientes de servicio. El efecto moderador que produce la aversión a la pérdida quedó reflejado principalmente en el valor percibido y la confianza del consumidor, afectando así a las variables resultado, satisfacción y lealtad
Consilience in Action: Lessons from an International Childhood Trauma Conference
Authors: Tucci Joe , Mitchell Janise
Published: July 2015

In August 2014, the Australian Childhood Foundation ran a conference on childhood trauma using a unique format. We gathered together a range of the world's master knowledge-builders in the field of interpersonal neurobiology. We asked them to explore themes that were relevant to the ways in which those affected by trauma could heal through connection and care.
On the dimensions of a family of overlapping self-affine carpets
Authors: FRASER JONATHAN M. , SHMERKIN PABLO
Published: July 2015

We consider the dimensions of a family of self-affine sets related to the Bedford–McMullen carpets. In particular, we fix a Bedford–McMullen system and then randomize the translation vectors with the stipulation that the column structure is preserved. As such, we maintain one of the key features in the Bedford–McMullen set-up in that alignment causes the dimensions to drop from the affinity dimension. We compute the Hausdorff, packing and box dimensions outside of a small set of exceptional translations, and also for some explicit translations even in the presence of overlapping. Our results rely on, and can be seen as a partial extension of, Hochman’s recent work on the dimensions of self-similar sets and measures.
Invariant sets near singularities of holomorphic foliations
Authors: CAMACHO CÉSAR , ROSAS RUDY
Published: July 2015

Consider a complex one-dimensional foliation on a complex surface near a singularity $p$. If ${\mathcal{I}}$ is a closed invariant set containing the singularity $p$, then ${\mathcal{I}}$ contains either a separatrix at $p$ or an invariant real three-dimensional manifold singular at $p$.
Eigenvalues and strong orbit equivalence
Authors: CORTEZ MARÍA ISABEL , DURAND FABIEN , PETITE SAMUEL
Published: July 2015

We give conditions on the subgroups of the circle to be realized as the subgroups of eigenvalues of minimal Cantor systems belonging to a determined strong orbit equivalence class. Actually, the additive group of continuous eigenvalues $E(X,T)$ of the minimal Cantor system $(X,T)$ is a subgroup of the intersection $I(X,T)$ of all the images of the dimension group by its traces. We show, whenever the infinitesimal subgroup of the dimension group associated with $(X,T)$ is trivial, the quotient group $I(X,T)/E(X,T)$ is torsion free. We give examples with non-trivial infinitesimal subgroups where this property fails. We also provide some realization results.
On the random dynamics of Volterra quadratic operators
Authors: JAMILOV U. U. , SCHEUTZOW M. , WILKE-BERENGUER M.
Published: July 2015

We consider random dynamical systems generated by a special class of Volterra quadratic stochastic operators on the simplex $S^{m-1}$. We prove that in contrast to the deterministic set-up the trajectories of the random dynamical system almost surely converge to one of the vertices of the simplex $S^{m-1}$, implying the survival of only one species. We also show that the minimal random point attractor of the system equals the set of all vertices. The convergence proof relies on a martingale-type limit theorem, which we prove in the appendix.
Effective results on nonlinear ergodic averages in CAT spaces
Authors: LEUŞTEAN LAURENŢIU , NICOLAE ADRIANA
Published: July 2015

In this paper we apply proof mining techniques to compute, in the setting of CAT$(\unicode[STIX]{x1D705})$ spaces (with $\unicode[STIX]{x1D705}>0$), effective and highly uniform rates of asymptotic regularity and metastability for a nonlinear generalization of the ergodic averages, known as the Halpern iteration. In this way, we obtain a uniform quantitative version of a nonlinear extension of the classical von Neumann mean ergodic theorem.
Stretched-exponential mixing for skew products with discontinuities
Authors: ESLAMI PEYMAN
Published: July 2015

Consider the skew product $F:\mathbb{T}^{2}\rightarrow \mathbb{T}^{2}$, $F(x,y)=(f(x),y+\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}(x))$, where $f:\mathbb{T}^{1}\rightarrow \mathbb{T}^{1}$ is a piecewise $\mathscr{C}^{1+\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}$ expanding map on a countable partition and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}:\mathbb{T}^{1}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is piecewise $\mathscr{C}^{1}$. It is shown that if $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$ is not Lipschitz-cohomologous to a piecewise constant function on the joint partition of $f$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}$, then $F$ is mixing at a stretched-exponential rate.
Commutator criteria for strong mixing
Authors: TIEDRA DE ALDECOA R.
Published: July 2015

We present new criteria, based on commutator methods, for the strong mixing property of discrete flows$\{U^{N}\}_{N\in \mathbb{Z}}$and continuous flows$\{e^{-itH}\}_{t\in \mathbb{R}}$induced by unitary operators$U$and self-adjoint operators$H$in a Hilbert space${\mathcal{H}}$. Our approach put into light a general definition for the topological degree of the maps$N\mapsto U^{N}$and$t\mapsto e^{-itH}$with values in the unitary group of${\mathcal{H}}$. Among other examples, our results apply to skew products of compact Lie groups, time changes of horocycle flows and adjacency operators on graphs.
THE PLACE OF WORSHIP IN SOLEMNIZATION OF A MARRIAGE
Authors: Kennett Wendy
Published: July 2015

The recent decision of the United Kingdom Supreme Court in Regina (Hodkin and another) v Registrar General for Births, Deaths and Marriages concerned the registration of the premises belonging to the Church of Scientology in London as a place of worship, specifically for the purpose of enabling a marriage to take place there which would be valid in law. This article examines the continuing significance of a registered place of worship in the English law rules on formalities of marriage. It provides a brief history of the role of religion in the solemnization of marriages in England and Wales, and the emergence of the “place of worship” as a constituent element in the celebration of a valid marriage. The role of marriage at a registered place of worship in the current legislation governing the formalities of marriage is considered, along with the impact on that scheme of the Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013. The exceptional character of the approach adopted by English law is highlighted by a comparative survey of laws on the solemnization of marriages, which also demonstrates some of the problems arising out of alternative solutions. Finally, recent attempts to reform the law are noted, followed by some concluding remarks on possible future developments.
Media Content and Political Behavior in Observational Research: A Critical Assessment
Authors: Fazekas Zoltán , Larsen Erik Gahner
Published: July 2015

This article discusses possible issues of how media content and exposure were linked in previous research. It argues that the original conclusions of the article ‘Who's Afraid of Conflict? The Mobilizing Effect of Conflict Framing in Campaign News’ do not hold due to the chosen operationalization. It also demonstrates that using the proposed methodology, both exposure to conflictual and non-conflictual news yield the same substantive conclusion. In addition to re-evaluating the role of conflict, the article contributes to the discussion on how to integrate media and individual-level measures in the study of electoral behavior.
Can behavioural differences inPlatypus cylindrus(Coleoptera: Platypodinae) from Portugal and Tunisia be explained by genetic and morphological traits?
Authors: Bellahirech A. , Inácio M.L. , Nóbrega F. , Henriques J. , Bonifácio L. , Sousa E. , Ben Jamâa M.L.
Published: July 2015

Platypus cylindrusis an important wood borer of cork oak trees (Quercus suber) in the Mediterranean region, namely Portugal, Morocco and Algeria where its presence has drastically increased in the past few decades. On the contrary, the insect is not a relevant pest in Tunisia. The aim of this work is to analyze morphological and genetic differences among Tunisian and Portuguese populations in order to understand their role in the diverse population dynamics (e.g., aggressiveness) of the insect. The information could be used as a novel tool to implement protective measures. Insects were collected from cork oak stands in Tunisia (Ain Beya, Babouch and Mzara) and Portugal (Chamusca and Crato). Morphological traits of female and male mycangial pits were determined, using scanning electron microscopy but no significant differences were found. Genetic differences were analyzed using nuclear (internal simple sequence repeat polymerase chain reaction) and mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I (COI)) molecular markers. The results showed a very low level of intraspecific polymorphism and genetic diversity. The alignment of COI sequences showed high percentage of identical sites (99%) indicating a very low variation in nucleotide composition. Other variables related with the ecology of the insect and its associated fungi must be studied for a better understanding of the differences in the insect population's dynamic in Mediterranean countries.
REGULARITY CRITERION AND CLASSIFICATION FOR ALGEBRAS OF JORDAN TYPE
Authors: SHEN Y. , ZHOU G.-S. , LU D.-M.
Published: July 2015

We show that Artin–Schelter regularity of a $\mathbb{Z}$-graded algebra can be examined by its associated $\mathbb{Z}$r-graded algebra. We prove that there is exactly one class of four-dimensional Artin–Schelter regular algebras with two generators of degree one in the Jordan type. This class is strongly noetherian, Auslander regular, and Cohen–Macaulay. Their automorphisms and point modules are described.
THE CANCELLATION NORM AND THE GEOMETRY OF BI-INVARIANT WORD METRICS
Authors: BRANDENBURSKY MICHAEL , GAL ŚWIATOSŁAW R. , KĘDRA JAREK , MARCINKOWSKI MICHAŁ
Published: July 2015

We study bi-invariant word metrics on groups. We provide an efficient algorithm for computing the bi-invariant word norm on a finitely generated free group and we construct an isometric embedding of a locally compact tree into the bi-invariant Cayley graph of a nonabelian free group. We investigate the geometry of cyclic subgroups. We observe that in many classes of groups, cyclic subgroups are either bounded or detected by homogeneous quasimorphisms. We call this property the bq-dichotomy and we prove it for many classes of groups of geometric origin.
FACTORIALS AND THE RAMANUJAN FUNCTION
Authors: BRAVO JHON J. , LUCA FLORIAN
Published: July 2015

In 2006, F. Luca and I. E. Shparlinski (Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.)116(1) (2006), 1–8) proved that there are only finitely many pairs (n, m) of positive integers which satisfy the Diophantine equation |τ(n!)|=m!, where τ is the Ramanujan function. In this paper, we follow the same approach of Luca and Shparlinski (Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (Math. Sci.)116(1) (2006), 1–8) to determine all solutions of the above equation. The proof of our main theorem uses linear forms in two logarithms and arithmetic properties of the Ramanujan function.
STABLE PROPERTIES OF HYPERRELEXIVITY
Authors: ELEFTHERAKIS G. K.
Published: July 2015

Recently, a new equivalence relation between weak* closed operator spaces acting on Hilbert spaces has appeared. Two weak* closed operator spaces ${\mathcal{U}}$, ${\mathcal{V}}$ are called weak TRO equivalent if there exist ternary rings of operators ${\mathcal{M}}$i, i = 1, 2 such that ${\mathcal{U}}=[{\mathcal{M}}_2{\mathcal{V}}{\mathcal{M}}_1^*]^{-w^*}, {\mathcal{V}}=[{\mathcal{M}}_2^*{\mathcal{U}}{\mathcal{M}}_1]^{-w^*}.$ Weak TRO equivalent spaces are stably isomorphic, and conversely, stably isomorphic dual operator spaces have normal completely isometric representations with weak TRO equivalent images. In this paper, we prove that if ${\mathcal{U}}$ and ${\mathcal{V}}$ are weak TRO equivalent operator spaces and the space of I × I matrices with entries in ${\mathcal{U}}$, MIw(${\mathcal{U}}$), is hyperreflexive for suitable infinite I, then so is MIw(${\mathcal{V}}$). We describe situations where if ${\mathcal{L}}$1, ${\mathcal{L}}$2 are isomorphic lattices, then the corresponding algebras Alg($\mathcal{L}$1), Alg($\mathcal{L}$2) have the same complete hyperreflexivity constant.
MOTIVIC DONALDSON–THOMAS THEORY AND THE ROLE OF ORIENTATION DATA
Authors: DAVISON BEN
Published: July 2015

In this paper we introduce and motivate the concept of orientation data, as it appears in the framework for motivic Donaldson–Thomas theory built by Kontsevich and Soibelman. By concentrating on a single simple example we explain the role of orientation data in defining the integration map, a central component of the wall crossing formula.
A COMBINATORIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE LAGRANGIAN GRASSMANNIAN LG(3,6)()
Authors: SCHILLEWAERT J. , VAN MALDEGHEM H.
Published: July 2015

We provide a combinatorial characterization of LG(3,6)(${\mathbb{K}}$) using an axiom set which is the natural continuation of the Mazzocca–Melone set we used to characterize Severi varieties over arbitrary fields (Schillewaert and Van Maldeghem, Severi varieties over arbitrary fields,Preprint). This fits within a large project aiming at constructing and characterizing the varieties related to the Freudenthal–Tits magic square.
COX RINGS OF MINIMAL RESOLUTIONS OF SURFACE QUOTIENT SINGULARITIES
Authors: DONTEN-BURY MARIA
Published: July 2015

We investigate Cox rings of minimal resolutions of surface quotient singularities and provide two descriptions of these rings. The first one is the equation for the spectrum of a Cox ring, which is a hypersurface in an affine space. The second is the set of generators of the Cox ring viewed as a subring of the coordinate ring of a product of a torus and another surface quotient singularity. In addition, we obtain an explicit description of the minimal resolution as a divisor in a toric variety.
LEBESGUE DECOMPOSITION FOR REPRESENTABLE FUNCTIONALS ON *-ALGEBRAS
Authors: TARCSAY ZSIGMOND
Published: July 2015

We offer a Lebesgue-type decomposition of a representable functional on a *-algebra into absolutely continuous and singular parts with respect to another. Such a result was proved by Zs. Szűcs due to a general Lebesgue decomposition theorem of S. Hassi, H.S.V. de Snoo, and Z. Sebestyén concerning non-negative Hermitian forms. In this paper, we provide a self-contained proof of Szűcs' result and in addition we prove that the corresponding absolutely continuous parts are absolutely continuous with respect to each other.
ON THE EXISTENCE OF A GLOBAL NEIGHBOURHOOD
Authors: COATES TOM , IRITANI HIROSHI
Published: July 2015

Suppose that a complex manifoldMis locally embedded into a higher-dimensional neighbourhood as a submanifold. We show that, if the local neighbourhood germs are compatible in a suitable sense, then they glue together to give a global neighbourhood ofM. As an application, we prove a global version of Hertling–Manin's unfolding theorem for germs of TEP structures; this has applications in the study of quantum cohomology.
THE GROUP OF BI-GALOIS OBJECTS OVER THE COORDINATE ALGEBRA OF THE FROBENIUS–LUSZTIG KERNEL OF SL(2)
Authors: BICHON JULIEN
Published: July 2015

We construct, for q a root of unity of odd order, an embedding of the projective special linear group PSL(n) into the group of bi-Galois objects over uq(sl(n))*, the coordinate algebra of the Frobenius–Lusztig kernel of SL(n), which is shown to be an isomorphism at n=2.
The use of benzodiazepines for tinnitus: systematic review
Authors: Jufas N E , Wood R
Published: July 2015

Objectives:

To investigate the effectiveness of benzodiazepine use for subjective tinnitus and to consider this in the context of the concomitant side effects.

Methods:

A systematic search of several databases using the terms ‘tinnitus’ and ‘benzodiazepines’ was conducted to find clinical trials of benzodiazepines and comparators in tinnitus patients. These studies were then assessed for risk of bias.

Results:

Six clinical trials were included. Clonazepam was found to be effective in three studies, but these studies had limitations regarding adequate blinding. The effectiveness of alprazolam was equivocal. Diazepam was not effective in two studies and oxazepam was effective in one study.

Conclusion:

Benzodiazepine use for subjective tinnitus does not have a robust evidence base. Clonazepam has the most evidence to support its use and is relatively less likely to lead to abuse because of its longer half-life, but caution is still needed given the other serious side effects.
The King Who Would Be Prefect: Authority and Identity in the Cottian Alps
Authors: Cornwell Hannah
Published: July 2015

This paper examines the language of power and authority in the Italian Alps, after the Roman pacification of the area in 14b.c.The focus of the examination is an arch set up at Segusio to Augustus by a local dynast named Cottius, which allows us to consider how the incorporation of the region into the Roman Empire was perceived and presented from a ‘local’ point of view, and how we might use our interpretations to construct ideas of identity and power relationships integral to early imperial provincial administration.
“Money is the Only Advantage”: Reconsidering the History of Gender, Labor, and Emigration among US Teachers in the Late Nineteenth Century
Authors: Leroux Karen
Published: July 2015

Lacking the power to improve the terms and conditions of school teaching at home, more than seventy US women migrated to work for the Argentine government in the last third of the nineteenth century. Only a few studies have researched this episode in the history of teachers, interpreting it as an uplifting, civilizing mission and characterizing the teachers as valiant, benevolent, and occasionally misguided reformers. Yet these migrant teachers' own words suggest that the desire to uplift played little part in their migration decisions, whereas low pay and limited employment opportunities for women figured prominently. Drawing on diaries, correspondence, newspapers, and census records, this study explores how these migrant teachers understood themselves, their work, and their social location. The analysis offers new insight into these teachers' identities as workers both at home and abroad. While acknowledging how teachers' labor served reform objectives, the essay argues that the long history of teaching in the United States needs to be reconsidered as a labor history.
Who Speaks for Workers? Japan and the 1919 ILO Debates Over Rights and Global Labor Standards
Authors: Cobble Dorothy Sue
Published: July 2015

Contrary to conventional wisdom, some of the most contentious disputes over international labor standards and worker rights occurred not between Western nations and the “rest” but within single nations. To explore the deep fissures in Japanese society over the rights of women and workers, I offer the first scholarly account of Japan's only woman representative to the ILO's inaugural 1919 Washington conference, elite social feminist Tanaka Taka, grandniece of renowned Japanese capitalist Shibusawa Eiichi. I recount her efforts in Japan and in Washington to secure free speech and economic rights for Japan's workers, men and women, and detail the hostilities she encountered from employers and organized labor. In addition, I reconstruct the parallel tale of factory supervisor Masumoto Uhei whose appointment as Japan's labor delegate led to widespread labor protests and a power struggle between trade unions and the state in Japan. The debate over who would speak for Japan's workers at the ILO and whether Japan would accept the labor standards being proposed by Western nations captured worldwide attention. It changed ideas in the East and the West about what Japan's workers deserved and desired and had lasting consequences for global politics and social policy.
“Oceans without Borders”: Dialectics of Transcolonial Labor Migration from the Indian Ocean World to the Atlantic Ocean World
Authors: Hurgobin Yoshina , Basu Subho
Published: July 2015

By investigating the hitherto unstudied trans-colonial migration between Mauritius and the Caribbean in the nineteenth century, this article complicates liberal Eurocentric perceptions of global labor force formation under the auspices of colonial capital. Indeed, coercion, as depicted in liberal historiography, was a crucial component of indentured migration but indentured workers themselves sometimes availed of the opportunity of the global demand for their labor by engaging in trans-colonial migration. The dialectic of the formation of globalized indentured labor regime was such that while capital sought to confine workers to specific plantations, the very nature of the demand for labor enabled workers to defy the dictates of capital and further enabled them to move from one colony to another in search of better livelihoods and thus made them globally mobile. These migrations did not follow the so-called boundaries between the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. Rather such migrations reflected workers’ search for jobs through trans-colonial networks within the framework of imperial domination.
Boundary singularities on a wedge-like domain of a semilinear elliptic equation
Authors: Gkikas Konstantinos T.
Published: July 2015

Letn≥ 2 and letbe a Lipschitz wedge-like domain. We construct positive weak solutions of the problem

that vanish in a suitable trace sense on∂Ω, but which are singular at a prescribed ‘edge’ ofΩifpis equal to or slightly above a certain exponentp0> 1 that depends onΩ. Moreover, for the case in whichΩis unbounded, the solutions have fast decay at infinity.
Serological evidence for the circulation of flaviviruses in seabird populations of the western Indian Ocean
Authors: JAEGER A. , LECOLLINET S. , BECK C. , BASTIEN M. , LE CORRE M. , DELLAGI K. , PASCALIS H. , BOULINIER T. , LEBARBENCHON C.
Published: July 2015

Birds play a central role in the epidemiology of several flaviviruses of concern for public and veterinary health. Seabirds represent the most abundant and widespread avifauna in the western Indian Ocean and may play an important role as host reservoirs and spreaders of arthropod-borne pathogens such as flaviviruses. We report the results of a serological investigation based on blood samples collected from nine seabird species from seven islands in the Indian Ocean. Using a commercial competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay directed against the prototypic West Nile flavivirus, antibodies against flaviviruses were detected in the serum of 47 of the 855 seabirds tested. They were detected in bird samples from three islands and from four bird species. Seroneutralization tests on adults and chicks suggested that great frigatebirds (Fregata minor) from Europa were infected by West Nile virus during their non-breeding period, and that Usutu virus probably circulated within bird colonies on Tromelin and on Juan de Nova. Real-time polymerase chain reactions performed on bird blood samples did not yield positive results precluding the genetic characterization of flavivirus using RNA sequencing. Our findings stress the need to further investigate flavivirus infections in arthropod vectors present in seabird colonies.
Toward a developmentally informed approach to parenting interventions: Seeking hidden effects
Authors: Brock Rebecca L. , Kochanska Grazyna
Published: July 2015

Drawing from developmental psychology and psychopathology, we propose a new, developmentally informed approach to parenting interventions that focuses on elucidating changes in the unfolding developmental process between the parent and child. We present data from 186 low-income mothers of toddlers, randomly assigned to a child-oriented play group or a play-as-usual group. We examined the maladaptive cascade from child difficulty to mother adversarial, negative parenting to child maladjustment, well documented in the literature. The measures incorporated multiple observations and reports. As expected, the sequence from child difficulty (pretest) to mother adversarial, negative parenting (Posttest 1, after 3-month intervention) to child maladjustment (Posttest 2, 6 months later) was present in the play-as-usual group, but absent, or defused, in the child-oriented play group. The findings are consistent with a view of intervention presumably enhancing the mother–child relationship, which in turn served to moderate future mother–child dynamics, altering its otherwise anticipated negative trajectory. A closer examination of the cascade revealed that, at Posttest 1, mothers in the play-as-usual group engaged in more adversarial, negative parenting (controlling for pretest) than did mothers in the child-oriented play group when their children were of high difficulty. The intervention appears to exert its primary influence on the cascade by weakening the link between child difficulty and maternal adversarial, negative parenting.
Evaluation of splittable pseudo-random generators
Authors: SCHAATHUN HANS GEORG
Published: July 2015

Pseudo-random number generation is a fundamental problem in computer programming. In the case of sequential processing the problem is very well researched, but parallel processing raises new problems whereof far too little is currently understood. Splittable pseudo-random generators (S-PRNG) have been proposed to meet the challenges of parallelism. While applicable to any programming paradigm, they are designed to be particularly suitable for pure functional programming. In this paper, we review and evaluate known constructions of such generators, and we identify flaws in several large classes of generators, including Lehmer trees, the implementation in Haskell's standard library, leapfrog, and subsequencing (substreaming).
Gavin Hamilton of Calcutta and the Nicobar Breadfruit
Authors: NOLTIE HENRY J.
Published: July 2015

Two drawings made on Carnicobar Island, possibly early in 1786, by the Calcutta merchant Gavin Hamilton (1754-1820), are discussed. One of them has previously been attributed to Robert Hyde Colebrooke so his later visit to the Nicobar Islands is discussed as is the earlier one of Nicola Fontana. Also discussed is the work of Sir William Jones on the Carnicobar breadfruit (Pandanus leram).
Dislocations in French–English bilingual children: An elicitation study
Authors: HERVÉ CORALIE , SERRATRICE LUDOVICA , CORLEY MARTIN
Published: July 2015

This paper presents the results of two sentence production studies addressing the role of language exposure, prior linguistic modelling and discourse-pragmatic appropriateness on the phenomenon of cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in bilingual 5-year-olds. We investigated whether French–English bilingual children would be as likely as monolingual children to use a left-dislocation structure in the description of a target scene. We also examined whether input quantity played a role in the degree of accessibility of these syntactic constructions across languages. While the results indicate a significant effect of elicitation condition only in French, the relative amount of language exposure in each language predicted the likelihood of producing a left-dislocation in both French and English. These findings make a new contribution to the role of language exposure as a predictor of CLI. The data also support the recent proposal that CLI arises out of processing mechanisms.