bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of malocclusion in public school students in the mixed dentition phase and its association with early loss of deciduous teeth
Authors: FADEL Marianella Aguilar Ventura , SANTOS Bianca Zimmermann , ANTONIAZZI Raquel Pippi , KOERICH Leonardo , BOSCO Vera Lúcia , LOCKS Arno
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the prevalence of malocclusion and its association with the early loss of deciduous teeth and other factors in children in the mixed dentition phase, aged six to eight years, enrolled in public schools in southern Brazil. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 528 children from municipal public schools in 2009. Data collection involved a clinical examination for the determination of early tooth loss, dental caries, tongue pressure and malocclusion (outcome), as well as the administration of a questionnaire. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was used to model the association between malocclusion and the independent variables. Results: The prevalence of malocclusion and early tooth loss was 69.1% and 21.8%, respectively. In the raw data analysis, malocclusion was associated with age, early tooth loss, dental caries and tongue pressure. After the adjustment, the likelihood of malocclusion was greater among children older than eight years, those who exerted tongue pressure on the teeth and those with early tooth loss. The likelihood of malocclusion was 24% greater among children with early tooth loss, compared to those without tooth loss. Conclusion: The early loss of deciduous teeth was associated with the occurrence of malocclusion in the children studied.
Comparison of second molar protraction using different timing for piezocision application: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: ALHAIJA Elham S. ABU , AL-AREQI Marwan M. , MAAITAH Emad F. AL
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare second molar protraction between early, late and no piezocision groups. Material and Methods: Forty subjects with bilaterally extracted mandibular first molars were selected to participate in the study. Subjects were subdivided into two groups: piezocision and no piezocision. The piezocision group was further subdivided into two subgroups: early piezocision (piezocision performed immediately before second molar protraction) and late piezocision (piezocision performed three months after starting molar protraction). In the no piezocision group, molar protraction was done without surgery. The intervention (piezocision group and timing of piezocision/side within group) was randomly allocated using the permuted random block size of 2, with 1:1 allocation ratio. The amount of second molar protraction, duration of space closure and anterior anchorage loss were measured. A repeated measures analysis of variance was conducted to define the differences between the measured variables at the different time intervals. Differences between groups were assessed using ANOVA test. Results: No difference was detected between early and late piezocision groups in the amount of molar protraction at the end of space closure. Duration of complete space closure was 9 and 10 months in the piezocision and no piezocision groups. Anchorage loss was similar between the three studied groups. Conclusions: Early and late piezocision have similar effect and both increased the amount of second molar protraction temporarily in the first 2-3 months after surgery. Duration of mandibular first molar space closure was reduced by one month when piezocision was applied. Anchorage loss was similar in the three groups.
Assessment of the relationship between tooth inclination and gingival and alveolar bone dimensions using computed tomography of the maxillary anterior teeth: a cross-sectional study
Authors: MONTANHA-ANDRADE Katia , CRUSOÉ-REBELLO Ieda Margarida , BARRETO Mauricio , NEVES Frederico Sampaio , SANTOS Jean Nunes dos , CURY Patricia Ramos
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth inclination and gingival and bone dimensions in maxillary anterior teeth. Methods: This cross-sectional study included cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 160 maxillary anterior teeth (30 individuals). Tooth inclination, gingival and bone thickness, and distances from cementoenamel junction to alveolar bone crest and gingival margin were measured in the labial surface. The correlations were analyzed using Pearson and partial correlation tests (p≤0.05). Results: In the central incisors, tooth inclination was positively and significantly related to apical bone thickness (R = 0.34, p= 0.001). In the canines, tooth inclination was negatively and significantly related to cervical bone thickness (R = - 0.34, p= 0.01) and positively associated to apical bone thickness (R = 0.36, p= 0.01) and to gingival margin-cementoenamel junction distance (R = 0.31, p= 0.03). In the lateral incisors, tooth inclination was not associated with gingival or bone dimensions. Conclusions: In the central incisors, the greater the labial tooth inclination, the greater is the apical bone thickness. In the canines, the greater the labial tooth inclination, the smallest is the cervical bone thickness, the greater is the apical bone thickness, and the greater is the gingival margin. Gingival and bone dimensions should be assessed when planning orthodontic treatment involving buccal movement of central incisors and canines.
Dental autotransplantation as a alternative treatment for the loss of permanent anterior teeth in children
Authors: AMBRÓSIO Marcos Flávio Spínola , CANÇADO Renata Pittella , OLIVEIRA Bruna Carolina Gonçalves de , MASIOLI Marco Antônio , CUNHA Deise Lima
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT Introduction: Autotransplantation is defined as the surgical movement or transposition of a tooth from its original site to a recipient alveolus, in the same patient. It has high success rates when performed within predefined parameters. Objective: This study aims to describe the advantages of a dental autotransplantation protocol based on a multidisciplinary approach and using cone beam computed tomography, computer-aided planning, and rapid prototyping of the donor tooth, enabling the preparation of a surgical guide and postoperative protective plate. This article discusses the indications and contraindications for autotransplantation, as well as the selection criteria for the tooth to be transplanted and the transoperative care essential for its success. The parameters for post-operative control are described, in addition to the variables of success and failure to be considered. Conclusions: When analyzing the treatment options available for children with anterior tooth loss and the psychosocial impact on these patients, autotransplantation is considered not only an alternative treatment, but the only viable option for their functional, aesthetic, and social reestablishment.
How dehydration affects stem bending stiffness and leaf toughness after sampling of the liana Amphilophium crucigerum (L.) L.G.Lohmann (Bignoniaceae)
Authors: Gerolamo Caian Souza , Fogaça Mariana Dutra , Bastos Carolina Lopes
Published: September 2022

Lianas are woody climbers and their stems and leaves deal with different environmental pressures such as resistance to mechanical damage and dehydration. The damage resistance of plants can be biomechanically evaluated by their stiffness, bending and toughness. Despite the well-known relationship between physical resistance and moisture of plant organs in woody plants, this relationship is uncertain and has not been previously evaluated in lianas. Thus, this study investigated experimentally the effect of stems and leaf dehydration on the structural Young’s modulus in the stem and fracture toughness in leaves across time in the liana Amphilophium crucigerum (Bignoniaceae). Ten stem and leaf samples were collected and assigned to two distinct conditions: (i) samples kept moist and (ii) samples underwent gradual dehydration with natural moisture loss by air exposition. Successive measures of structural Young’s modulus and fracture toughness were taken every 4 hours during a 48-hour period for both conditions. Stem and leaf samples which underwent gradual dehydration showed greater bending stiffness and fracture toughness, respectively, while the samples kept moist presented no changes in any studied biomechanical features during the entire experiment. We concluded that the moisture of both stem and leaf samples are critical factors to estimate the biomechanical properties of lianas stem and leaves.
Perception of women about telehealth during the coronavirus pandemic (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Barros Maria Clara Santos , Andrade Bruna Fonseca de , Costa Juliana Monteiro , Farias Marina Nunes Pereira de , Veiga Manuella Lapenda , Guendler Julianna de Azevedo
Published: September 2022

Abstract Introduction Since the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was declared a pandemic, health care was one of the fields that underwent significant changes. Telemedicine, that uses technological and communication resources to provide health care, was deemed a safe alternative to continue patient care while quarantine and social isolation measures were in place. Objective To analyze the perception of women treated at an outpatient clinic in relation to remote health care implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods Descriptive research conducted at the Women’s Physiotherapy Outpatient Clinic of the Prof. Fernando Figueira Comprehensive Medicine Institute (IMIP) in Recife, Pernambuco state, Brazil. The study included women above the age of 18 years who were being remotely treated and excluded those who discontinued treatment. Data were collected from November 2020 to July 2021, using a questionnaire which was sent to the participants via WhatsApp. Results Twenty-six women with an average age of 52 ± 10.1 years were interviewed. Most (61.54%) were being treated for urinary incontinence at the outpatient clinic and 38.5% had been undergoing physiotherapy for at least six months. A total of 92.3% of the participants reported feeling safe with remote health care and 70.4% noticed an improvement in their symptoms. Conclusion Most patients noticed an improvement in their symptoms, felt comfortable and safe with teleservices and would agree to continue even after returning to in-person care. However, to ensure more effective results, patients need to be well informed and have some prior knowledge about the proposed treatment.
Distribution of physiotherapy professionals and services in public health in Goiás: coverage according to socioeconomic variables
Authors: Sousa Kemil Rocha , Barbosa Aurélio de Melo , Barros Patrícia de Sá
Published: September 2022

Abstract Introduction Public health in Brazil goes beyond social production, with an expanded view of health. Its complex structure includes physical therapy. Objective To characterize physical therapy in Goiás based on the National Registry of Health Facilities (CNES in Portuguese). Methods Data on specialty, municipality, place of employment, working hours, employment relationship, type of contract and establishment, number of physical therapists, administrative setting, macroregion and health region were tabulated. The following were correlated: municipal population; people dependent on the National Health System (SUS in Portuguese); municipal per capita gross domestic product (GDP); municipal Human Development Index (HDI); percentage of inhabitants dependent on the municipal SUS; number of people covered by municipal physiotherapy (NPCAF). Results In the CNES, (reference July/2019) in Goiás, we found 2,187 physiotherapists in public/private facilities, in 3,353 workplaces. In establishments that serve the SUS, we identified 1,673 physiotherapists in 2,436 workplaces, 32.9% of which are linked to primary and 67.1% to specialized care. The weekly workload was 38 hours and 26 hours per workplace. Only 30.1% of the municipalities had adequate NPCAF. Health regions and macroregions had inadequate coverage. The NPCAF showed an inverse correlation with GDP (r = -0.20; p < 0.001) and HDI (r = -0.14; p = 0.02) and a direct correlation with the population (r = 0.46; p < 0.001). Conclusion Goiás has inadequate coverage in 69.9% of the municipalities, in the macroregions and health regions. Expanding the number of workplaces available to physiotherapists is essential to achieve universal and comprehensive health care, reducing inequity and favoring equitable distribution.
Brazilian Foreign Policy and Family Farming: Internationalisation Processes through the Analysis of ‘Forums and Arenas’
Authors: Luiz Juliana Ramos , Milani Carlos R. S.
Published: September 2022

Abstract Brazil’s federal government officially defined family farming (FF) as a public policy agenda in 1996; however, since then, Brazil’s foreign policy in the field of agriculture has given priority to the role of agribusiness in the export of commodities and its contribution to the country’s GDP and trade. While questioning the governmental narrative rooted in a dual agricultural structure (wherein FF and agribusiness would both be similarly relevant), this article also highlights the internationalisation processes of FF through the analysis of different forums in Brazilian foreign policy. Our goal is to understand how each of these forums and arenas has contributed to the international acknowledgement of FF as a ‘best practice’, but also to analyse the strengths and sustainability of what we label as the internationalisation resilience of FF, particularly when we consider the severe reflux of FF policies in Brazil since 2016.
Policy Transfer and International Organisations: The Complex Relationship between Brazil and the World Bank in the Implementation of the Bolsa Família Program
Authors: Leite Cristiane Kerches da Silva , Mafra Júlia , Oliveira Osmany Porto de
Published: September 2022

Abstract This article discusses the complex relationship between the World Bank and the Brazilian government regarding the implementation of the Bolsa Família Program (Family Allowance Program) from 2004 onwards. The hypothesis is that there was an alignment of the agendas for combating hunger and poverty among the entities. This made it possible to transfer Brazilian instruments and experiences to the world through World Bank. Based on a triangulation technique, it argues that the development of state capacity for the implementation of the program took place on a more cooperative basis than an imposition on the part of the World Bank, in a positive-sum game. Brazil gained the World Bank’s seal of approval as a model of policy transfer to the world and the international organisation found new experience of best practices, which renewed the Bank’s portfolio of policy instruments. As a result, in the last years of Lula’s second term, Brazil became an export platform for social policies in an international context, specifically concerning conditional cash transfer and poverty reduction policies.
How Do Experts Resist a Development Cooperation Project? The Case of the Mozambique-Brazil Generic Medicine Factory
Authors: Antonielli Alila Brossard
Published: September 2022

Abstract The cooperation between Brazil and Mozambique to set up a state-owned generic medicines factory in Mozambique has been identified as an innovative unorthodox South-South development collaboration. Its implementation – with its translations, adaptations, gaps and contradictions – makes it an interesting object for the socio-anthropology of development and public action. One approach in this field is to focus on the resistance by target groups of development projects. Previous research highlighted the criticisms of the ‘factory project’ implementation or the discrepancies of discourse and representations of the project between Mozambican and Brazilian officials. However, during the negotiation process, key health experts from both countries voluntarily withdrew from the project design or were critics of its conception and evolution. Focusing on what could be seen as a form of resistance, we will analyse who are the experts that distanced themselves, their reasons, and interrogate how their withdrawal led to some of the gaps and translation issues in the implementation process. The present article draws on interviews in Brazil, Mozambique and Europe with health and pharmaceutical experts, diplomats and government officials. We also analysed government reports from both countries, including archives from the Brazilian Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
Anthology of a resume: schizoanalytic notes for mapping serial narratives
Authors: Gurgel Evanilson , Maknamara Marlécio
Published: September 2022

Abstract Inspired by the lines of force of Gilles Deleuze and Félix Guattari’s philosophies of difference, this article explores some schizoanalytical notes for the cartography of a curriculum of a cultural artifact. From the contributions of post-critical theories and their connections with the field of cultural studies, we understand serialized narratives as a curriculum. The text operates, in its stylistics, through an (auto)-fictional elaboration, bringing takes narrated by the Mapmaker, a character who presents some methodological notes of our cartographic investigation from fragments of his memories. The argument explored is that the constitutive lines of the curriculum of serialized narratives have presented a multiplicity that makes it understandable as an “anthological curriculum,” allowing us to visualize its control regions, derived from the state apparatus, and its contagion zones, typical of war machines. In this sense, the “anthological curriculum” is produced in the clash between the hard, flexible, and escape lines that compose it. Our conclusion is that the different ways in which we become ourselves and the different subject positions we assume throughout life are at stake in this artifact. Thus, we believe that the serialized narrative curriculum, by triggering lines of escape, opens spaces for other exits, providing less normative reasoning for subjects crossed by gender and sexuality dissidences.
The social invisibility of Mapuche people in the teaching of History in Chile
Authors: Rodríguez Alexis Sanhueza , Blanch Joan Pagès , González-Monfort Neus , González-Valencia Gustavo
Published: September 2022

Abstract This article proposes a substantive theory intended to explain the Mapuche people’s social invisibility phenomenon in the History and Social Sciences school curriculum, based on what elementary school teachers think, say and do in Chile. The research method was designed using Grounded Theory through its systematic and reflexive modality.This study was developed by means of a triangulation method combining questionnaires, interviews and participant observations, applied to elementary school teachers. The investigation integrated the different elements of Grounded theory into an organizational scheme that included the structure proposed by Strauss and Corbin (2002) and the research process for the purpose of developing our theory. The data codification process was conducted with the help of ATLAS.ti software. The results show an oficial knowledge policy that operates within the curriculum and makes the Mapuche history and memory invisible in the History school curriculum. Furthermore, there are certain mechanisms that intervene in the maintenance of this social invisibility, such as standardized tests, the professional development of elementary school teachers and the educational community.
La invisibilidad social del pueblo mapuche en la enseñanza de la historia en Chile
Authors: Rodríguez Alexis Sanhueza , Blanch Joan Pagès , González-Monfort Neus , González-Valencia Gustavo
Published: September 2022

Resumen El artículo propone una teoría sustantiva que busca explicar el fenómeno de la invisibilidad social del pueblo mapuche en el currículo escolar de Historia y Ciencias Sociales a partir de lo que piensan, dicen y hacen los profesores y profesoras de educación primaria en Chile. La investigación se llevó a cabo través de la teoría fundamentada en su modalidad sistemática y reflexiva. El estudio se desarrolló a partir de la triangulación de cuestionarios, entrevistas y observaciones participantes aplicadas a docentes del ciclo básico. El proceso de investigación integró los diversos componentes de la teoría fundamentada en un esquema organizativo que incluyó la estructura propuesta por Strauss y Corbin (2002) con el objetivo de formar nuestra teoría. La codificación de los datos fue realizado con el apoyo del software ATLAS.ti. Los resultados revelan una política oficial del conocimiento que opera en el currículo y que transforma en invisible la historia y la memoria mapuche en el currículo de Historia. Además, intervienen ciertos mecanismos que mantienen la invisibilidad social como las pruebas estandarizadas, la formación de docentes y la comunidad educativa.
A formação de educadores de adultos implicados no reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais
Authors: Paulos Catarina , Cavaco Carmen
Published: September 2022

Resumo O texto trata do processo de formação de educadores de adultos responsáveis pela implementação do reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais em Portugal. As investigações realizadas neste domínio revelam que, de forma geral, esses educadores não têm uma formação de base específica, no âmbito da educação formal, que os prepare para o desempenho profissional do processo de reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais, contudo assumem funções que exigem o domínio de metodologias inovadoras e complexas. Deste modo, o texto, ao centrar-se no processo de formação dos educadores de adultos que trabalham no reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais de adultos pouco escolarizados, visa analisar o modo como eles aprenderam a desempenhar essa atividade profissional. A problematização e a reflexão, apresentadas no texto, são orientadas pelo pressuposto de que a formação é um processo amplo e difuso, que ocorre ao longo da vida, nos múltiplos espaços e tempos. A análise é resultado de uma investigação qualitativa, cujos dados empíricos são oriundos de entrevistas biográficas com educadores de adultos, responsáveis pela implementação do processo de reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais. Os dados empíricos recolhidos evidenciam que a formação dos educadores de adultos decorreu, essencialmente, da sua experiência profissional no âmbito deste processo. Os educadores de adultos aprenderam com os pares, no contexto de trabalho, através das dinâmicas dos próprios centros de educação de adultos, resultantes da missão, das metodologias utilizadas e da especificidade do processo de reconhecimento e validação de adquiridos experienciais. Deste modo, sua formação resultou do contato direto com a ação, da reflexão e da apropriação das experiências vividas no trabalho.
The teaching area: drawing from Bourdieu’s field theory
Authors: Ostermann Fernanda , Rezende Flavia , Nascimento Matheus Monteiro , Massi Luciana
Published: September 2022

Abstract Pierre Bourdieu’s theoretical contributions pave the way for studying a wide range of social spaces, such as the academia. Through using Bourdieusian fields, our objective was to investigate whether the teaching area of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) can be considered a relatively autonomous scientific field. Therefore, this study is motivated by two research questions: 1) what is the distribution of scientific capital in the teaching area; and 2) what are the implications of this distribution on its constitution as a scientific field. By crossing data on professors of programs in the field of education with the evaluation grade assigned by Capes to each of these programs, our analysis revealed that this area does not constitute a scientific field. Differently from what happens in well-established fields, most teaching advisors come from many different scientific backgrounds and do not recognize this field’s specific intellectual production as scientific capital. Assuming that the existing disputes between professors with less and more scientific capital can generate new conformations in the area, a possible structure could be a stabilization of the subgroup of professors with greater scientific capital and its constitution as a scientific field, whose agents become increasingly aware that their cognitive structure and ideals of education/research are different from what Capes intended to homogenize with the creation of a teaching area. We believe that our results can be a reference for critical reflection on the structure of the field of teaching, which is still driven by its agents.
Área de ensino: reflexões a partir da teoria dos campos de Pierre Bourdieu
Authors: Ostermann Fernanda , Rezende Flavia , Nascimento Matheus Monteiro , Massi Luciana
Published: September 2022

Resumo As contribuições teóricas de Pierre Bourdieu permitem estudos sobre os mais diferentes espaços sociais, e, dentre eles, o espaço acadêmico. A partir da teoria bourdieusiana dos campos, nosso objetivo foi investigar se a área de ensino da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) pode ser considerada um campo científico relativamente autônomo. Para tanto, buscamos discutir duas questões de pesquisa: 1) qual é a distribuição do capital científico na área de ensino; e 2) quais as implicações dessa distribuição sobre sua constituição como um campo científico. A partir do cruzamento de dados sobre os docentes dos programas da área de ensino com a avaliação dos programas pela Capes, nossa análise revelou que esta área não se constitui enquanto campo científico. Diferentemente do que acontece em campos bem estabelecidos, a maioria dos orientadores da área de ensino provém de muitas áreas científicas diferentes e não reconhece a produção intelectual específica dessa área enquanto capital científico. Supondo que as disputas existentes entre docentes com menos e mais capital científico possam gerar novas conformações da área, uma possível configuração seria a estabilização do subgrupo de docentes de maior capital científico e sua constituição enquanto campo científico, na medida em que seus agentes se tornem cada vez mais conscientes de que sua estrutura cognitiva e seus ideais de educação e de pesquisa são diferentes do que se pretendeu homogeneizar com a criação da área de ensino da Capes. Acreditamos que nossos resultados podem ser uma referência para a reflexão crítica sobre a configuração da área de ensino, ainda a ser realizada por seus agentes.
Análisis de conflictos intraempresariales en grupos de funcionamiento familiar. Aplicación del Conflict Analysis Typology
Authors: Herrera Bernal Luis Lauro
Published: September 2022

Las empresas familiares son un campo fértil para el conflicto. Cuando se intenta modificar la empresa familiar a medida que avanza hacia otra etapa pueden surgir conflictos, por lo que el uso de herramientas como el CAT son de gran utilidad para resolución de controversias familiares. Objetivo. Realizar un estudio cualitativo de análisis de literatura para comprender el papel del CAT como parte importante de la resolución de conflictos en empresas familiares. Metodología. Se realizó un análisis y revisión de artículos, lo que permitió establecer patrones y posibles efectos para estructurar nuevas herramientas de acción que generen resultados satisfactorios en la resolución de conflictos. Resultados. Los patrones dominantes identificados son de información, atributivos, poder y legitimación. Conclusiones. La identificación permite visualizar y comprender a través de un análisis a profundidad la estrategia más adecuada para la resolución de conflictos.
El microcrédito: efectos en las microempresas del sector belleza de Bogotá
Authors: Rojas Gómez Cindy Julieth , Malgarejo Zuray
Published: September 2022

El microcrédito fue creado como una herramienta para contribuir al desarrollo económico de las personas a través de la financiación de proyectos productivos con el objetivo de reducir la pobreza. Objetivo. Determinar los efectos del microcrédito sobre los microempresarios para comprender si este cumple con su finalidad. Metodología. Se utilizó el estudio de caso múltiple a microempresas del sector belleza en Bogotá, aplicando entrevistas semiestructuradas. Resultados. El acceso al microcrédito no promueve el crecimiento de la empresa. Adicionalmente se observa que la asertividad para la mejora en la situación económica de la microempresa con los fondos obtenidos depende más de la buena planeación y uso de los recursos que realiza el microempresario. Conclusión. El microcrédito posee bastantes limitaciones debido a la dificultad en su acceso, además requiere que el empresario tenga una buena planeación y conocimientos en temas financieros.
Distance Learning: Does it Have an Impact on the Readiness of Physical Education Teachers in Coastal Areas?
Authors: Susanto Ermawan , Mulyaningsih Farida , Mujriah Mujriah , Satriawan Rabwan , Sulfandi Sulfandi
Published: September 2022

Study purpose. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an effect of distance learning on the readiness of physical education teachers in coastal areas.

Materials and methods. This study used an experimental method with one group pre-test-post-test design. The research participants were physical education teachers in junior high schools in coastal areas (n = 60). Primary data collection to measure teacher readiness was the Online Teaching Readiness Survey consisting of 41 questions with a validity level of 0.76 and a reliability of 0.91. Secondary data collection was performed using literature study.

Results. The results of the paired sample t-test showed 0.754 > 0.01, indicating the data variance was the same. By looking at the assumed equal variances, the significance result shows that .000 < .01 (confidence interval = 99%), then H0 is rejected. Based on the data, there are 10 teachers or 16% who are ready to carry out distance learning, 36 teachers or 60% are not ready, and 14 teachers or 24% are unprepared.

Conclusions. There is an impact of distance learning on the readiness of PE teachers in coastal areas. The effect in question shows the unpreparedness of PE teachers in implementing distance learning. The recommendation from the findings is that teachers need virtual learning training and adequate support to succeed in distance learning.
The Effect of Limb Muscle Explosive Power, Flexibility, and Achievement Motivation on Sickle Kick Performance in Pencak Silat Learning
Authors: Ihsan Nurul , Hanafi Rudi , Sepriadi Sepriadi , Okilanda Ardo , Suwirman Suwirman , Mario Deby Tri
Published: September 2022

Study Purpose. This study background is that the performance of the sickle kick in Pencak Silat learning is very important to improve the athlete’s performance during the match, both when attacking and defending. The objective is to analyze the performance of the Pencak Silat sickle kick in terms of the quality of physical conditions (such as leg muscle explosive power and flexibility), and psychological elements (such as achievement motivation).

Materials and methods. This study involved Pencak Silat athletes of Tangan Mas College, Padang, Indonesia. The participants who became the study sample were 30 male athletes aged 14–17 (athletes in the adolescent category). The sample selection was based on the sample criteria providing that participants had participated in regional level competitions and had attended training for at least 2 years. Data were obtained from several tests and measurements: leg muscle explosive power was measured using the Vertical Jump Test and then processed by the Lewis formula (nomogram). Flexibility was measured using the Side Split Test, achievement motivation was assessed using a questionnaire validated by experts, and a sickle kick performance was tested. The data obtained were analyzed using simple regression analysis and multiple regression analysis, followed by path analysis to calculate the coefficient value of each variable.

Results. The data obtained were analyzed using structural model path analysis. Results: (1) there is an effect of leg muscle explosive power on the sickle kick performance by 21.59%; (2) there is an effect of flexibility on the sickle kick performance by 6.94%; (3) there is an effect of achievement motivation on the sickle kick performance by 9.74%; (4) there is an effect of leg muscle explosive power through achievement motivation on the sickle kick performance by 38.14%; (5) there is an effect of flexibility through achievement motivation on the sickle kick performance by 13.51%; and (6) there is a simultaneous effect of these variables by 51,41%.

Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the three factors above, it was concluded that leg muscle explosive power is the dominant factor and needs to be taught and trained seriously. However, the other factors are no less important. Future studies are urgently needed to include other variables that affect the results of this study, as well as a wider number of samples to validate the results of this study.
Association between Club Sports Participation and Physical Fitness of 6–10-Year-Old Macedonian Children
Authors: Morina Besnik , Gjonbalaj Malsor , Gontarev Seryozha , Georgiev Georgi
Published: September 2022

Background. Physical inactivity is associated with poor physical fitness and weight gain. Organized sports activities can be a significant component in providing adequate fitness which, on its part, is an important aspect of general health and well-being. The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between participation in organized sports activity and obesity as well as physical fitness of 6–10-year-old children from the region of the city of Skopje in the Republic of North Macedonia.

Materials and methods. The height, weight, body mass composition, and various components of physical fitness were measured in 940 children (aged 8.98 ± 3.39). The sports participation and confounding variables, such as parents’ education and body weight as well as parents’ sports activities, were estimated through a questionnaire completed by parents. In order to achieve the study purpose, the study used the multinomial logistic regression analysis and the multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).

Results. Less-than-once-a-week sports participation was established in 41.1% of the children, once or twice a week – in 48.4%, and more often – in 10.5%. Obesity was established in 38.1% of the children. Children that had organized sports activity 1-2 times a week or more often showed a higher physical fitness level.

Conclusions. Even though causality cannot be established, facilitation of organized sports activities may be a crucial aspect in public health efforts addressing the growing problems associated with overweight and obesity.
Children’s Attitudes towards Inclusion of Visually Impaired Students in Physical Education Classes: Gender Differences
Authors: Nemček Dagmar
Published: September 2022

Study purpose. The study purpose was to investigate gender differences in children’s attitudes toward the inclusion of a student with visual impairment in physical education classes.

Materials and methods. The study sample comprised 419 able-bodied primary school students in 6th to 9th grade (boys, n=204, mean age 13.23±1.17 years; girls, n=215, mean age 13.08±1.19 years). A modified version of the standardized attitudinal questionnaire CAIPE-R for the inclusion of visually impaired (VI) students was used as a research method. The internal reliability of CAIPE-R was measured using Cronbach’s α. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of sample distribution. The non-parametric Mann-Whitney U-test was used to assess differences between boys and girls, and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test assessed differences between general and sport-specific attitudes.

Results. Boys presented rather neutral or indifferent (mean scores 3.19, 3.44 points) attitudes, and girls had slightly positive (mean scores 3.59, 3.74 points) attitudes toward inclusive physical education (PE). Girls, compared to boys, expressed more positive general (U=16786, p=0.000) as well as sport-specific (U=16586, p=0.003) attitudes towards the inclusion of the VI student in PE classes. Both groups of children declared more positive general attitudes than sport-specific attitudes towards the inclusion of VI students (boys, Z=-4.230, p=0.000; girls, Z=-3.015, p=0.003).

Conclusions. Girls expressed more positive general and sport-specific attitudes towards the inclusion of VI students in PE classes than boys. Boys’ attitudes were only neutral or indifferent, and girls’ attitudes were only moderately positive. Both genders declared more positive general attitudes towards the inclusion of VI students in PE classes compared to sport-specific attitudes. Taking into consideration the above, to find the most appropriate solutions as regards the inclusion of students with different kinds of disabilities in PE classes, it is necessary to learn more about the attitudes towards inclusion from students, teachers, and school management.
Floristic Diversity Analysis of Ait Baâmrane Region‒Sidi Ifni Province, in South-Central Morocco and The Ecological Factors That Control and Influence Its Geographic Distribution
Authors: YOUS Fatima Zahra , BEN LEKBIR Awatif , ZINE Hamza , ALIFRIQUI Mohamed , OUHAMMOU Ahmed
Published: September 2022

Aim of study: Aim was to characterize and analyses the vascular flora along coastal transect to continental of the Ait Baamrane region.

Area of study: The territory of Ait Baâmrane is located in the South-central Morocco. Its location, in the nearness of the Atlantic Ocean, the Canary Islands, and the pre-Sahara, makes it a well-defined geographical entity where a large natural area is distinguished.

Material and methods: The flora was characterized by the specific richness, the endemism and the conservation status. Further, plant diversity was evaluated by Shannon diversity, Evenness, disturbance and Jaccard similarity indices, as well as the plant functional groups were identified in three geographic zones; the littoral zone (A), the plateau’s zone (B), and the continental zone (C).

Main results: The studied area highlighted an important floristic richness with 281 vascular species and subspecies. Therophytes are the most represented (43.42%). The endemic flora represented 21.35% of all inventoried species. Concerning the rate of threatened species, 7% of the inventoried flora were considered as threatened, and 11% are near threatened. The diversity parameters vary according to the continentality.

Highlights: The studied region is quite diverse by its flora and endemic species. This diversity is linked to the global location of the region and particular ecological conditions.
Surface Hardness of Three Types Varnish Applied to Fresh and Naturally Aged Wood
Authors: KILIÇ Kenan , SÖĞÜTLÜ Cevdet
Published: September 2022

Aim of study: This study was carried out to determine the surface hardness values of some varnishes applied to the surface of naturally aged wood material. Material and methods: Acrylic, polyurethane and water-based varnish was applied to the surface of the experimental samples prepared from naturally aged and fresh Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), sessile oak (Quercus petrea L.) and chestnut (Castanea sativa M.) wood materials. A total of 360 test samples, 10 for each wood type, cutting direction, age period, and varnish type were prepared then the surface hardness values of these samples were determined. Main results: As a result of the experiments, the effect of the age period on the surface hardness of the varnish layer was found to be insignificant. The highest surface hardness value in wood material was obtained in the tangential section of oak wood and the difference between oak wood and chestnut wood was statistically insignificant. As a varnish type, the highest surface hardness value was obtained in polyurethane varnish, followed by acrylic varnish and water-based varnish, respectively. In addition, the surface hardness of the varnish layer in the tangential section of the wood material was found to be higher than that of the radial section. Highlights: In cases where high surface hardness is required in the varnish layer, polyurethane varnish can be preferred. As a result of the experiments, water-based varnish with a low surface hardness value will be able to give a working performance compatible with wood material with a hygroscopic structure, thanks to its high elasticity. For this reason, wood with a high amount of dimensional change can be used to protect the material against external influences.
Determination of Trace Elements of Some Cladonia Species from Turkey by ICP-MS
Authors: KÖPRÜ Semiha , DOKAN Fatma , KOCAKAYA Zekiye , PER Sedat , ÇADIR Mehmet , KOCAKAYA Mustafa
Published: September 2022

Aim of study: Lichens are biological indicators of environmental pollution of both natural and artificial origin in terms of various elements. In 9 samples (Cladonia coniocraea, C. fimbriata, C. firma, C. foliacea, C. furcate, C. pocillum, C. pyxidata, C. rangiformis and C. subulata) belonging to the genus Cladonia collected from different regions of Turkey; Aluminum, Chromium, Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc, Arsenic, Selenium, Strontium, Cadmium, Tin, Mercury and Lead element amounts were investigated.

Area of study: Lichen samples belonging to the same genus were collected in field studies conducted in 7 different cities in Turkey.

Material and methods: All samples were analyzed independently after solubilization in acid medium in microwave system and in triplicate. The accuracy of the results has been confirmed by analysis of 1547 Peach Leaf certified reference material.

Main results: Sources of metals, metal accumulation mechanisms and how much they are absorbed by lichens were determined. The highest Al, Cr, Ni concentrations in Cladonia firma are 429.3, 3.04, 13.53 µg/g, respectively. The highest Co, Sr, Cu, Se, Hg concentrations in Cladonia subulata are 0.81, 33.59, 13.16, 0.158, 0.060 µg/g, respectively. The highest Pb, Cd, Sn concentrations in Cladonia pyxidata are 5.90, 0.30, 6.50 µg/g, respectively. The highest Fe, Mn, Zn, As concentrations were 228.7, 17.8, 26.44 and 1.335 µg/g, respect.

Highlights: The results showed that metal accumulation in lichens was directly related to the environment in which lichens were collected.
Contributions to Geometridae (Lepidoptera) Fauna of Karabük Province
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Mustafa
Published: September 2022

Aim of study: The present study aimed to contribute Geometridae (Lepidoptera) fauna of Karabük province. Area of study: The study was carried out in Karabük province located in Western Black Sea Region. Material and methods: The samples were collected by light trap in May-October between in 2008-2012. Main results: In this study, 755 samples were evaluated. As a result of the study, 88 species belonging to 5 subfamilies have been determined as Orthostixinae (1 species), Geometrinae (5), Sterrhinae (27), Larentiinae (25) and Ennominae (30). Highlights: Knowledge of the Geometridae fauna of Karabük province was very limited. There were 83 species recorded from Karabük province for the first time during this research. Faunistic records on Cyclophora punctaria fritzae were discussed and figure of male genitalia presented
A New Alien Species for The Flora of Türkiye: Spiraea japonica (Rosaceae)
Authors: TERZİOĞLU Salih , COŞKUNÇELEBİ Kamil
Published: September 2022

Aim of study: This study aimed to contribute the alien flora of Türkiye.

Area of study: Broadleaf forest along streamside and roadside of Kayaköy (Kemalpaşa/Artvin) in NE Anatolia.

Materials and methods: Samples collected from four adjacent areas during the excursion on an ongoing project in the years 2020 and 2021 were used in the present study. Voucher were identified using relevant literatures and stored in the herbarium of KATO and KTUB at Karadeniz Technical University.

Main results: Spiraea japonica L. f. (Rosaceae) is reported from natural habitat as a new alien species for the flora of Türkiye.

Research highlights: This study reveals the introduction of Japanese spirea, widely used as ornamental plants in European countries including Türkiye, into the natural habitat in NE Anatolia.
Magnetic Bead DNA/RNA extraction using the NucleoMag DNA/RNA Water kit and the 96 manual magnetic bead extractor – 96 well format v1
Authors: A Hempel Christopher
Published: September 2022

Protocol for magnetic Bead DNA/RNA extraction using the NucleoMag DNA/RNA Water kit and the 96 manual magnetic bead extractor – 96 well format
Genomic DNA isolation from fixed cells v1
Authors: Dhekne Herschel
Published: September 2022

This protocol details the procedure of genomic DNA isolation from fixed cells.
L1 stage C. elegans dissociation for FACS isolation and RNA-seq analysis of intestine-specific cells v1
Authors: TP Williams Robert
Published: September 2022

This protocol is for generating a single cell suspension suitable for isolation of intestine-specific cells through Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) from L1 stage C. elegans. This protocol utilizes treatment with SDS-DTT solution and Pronase E to disrupt the cuticle. Worms are mechanically homogenized with a dounce homogenizer.
Sokak Oyunlarından Sanal Oyunlara Dijital Oyunların Gelişimsel Süreçlerinin Çocuk Kullanıcıların Ahlaki Gelişimleri Açısından Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: YILMAZ Eyup
Published: September 2022

20. yüzyılın ortalarında akademik amaçlı olarak başlayan ilk dijital oyun denemeleri, 1970’li yılların başlarından itibaren ticari amaçlı üretilmeye başlandı ve böylece günümüzde yüz milyarlarca dolar değerine ulaşan dijital oyun endüstrisinin temeli atılmış oldu. Bu tarihten itibaren günümüze kadar pastadan en büyük payı elde etme yarışına giren oyun şirketleri, her geçen gün daha gelişmiş özelliklere sahip oyunları kullanıcıların hizmetine sunmaya başladı. Kullanıcıların daha sık ve uzun süre dijital oyun oynamalarına neden olan bu yarış, aynı zamanda “dijital oyunların çocukların ahlaki gelişimleri üzerindeki etkileri” sorunsalını beraberinde getirmiştir. Çünkü dijital oyunlar, eğlence ve haz sağlamalarının yanı sıra belirli mesajları kullanıcıların bilinçaltına göndermek için kullanılırlar. Bazı dijital oyunlarda cinselliği çağrıştıran sahnelere ve söylemlere sıklıkla yer verildiği görülmektedir. Yine erkek karakterlerin genelde beyaz tenli, kaslı, güçlü ve şiddete meyilli olarak; kadın karakterlerin ise ya korunmaya muhtaç ve zayıf ya da güçlü ancak cinselliği çağrıştıran obje olarak tasvir edilmesi en sık başvurulan yöntemlerdendir. Öte yandan dijital oyunlar aracılığıyla çocukların empati becerileri geliştirilebilir, etik algıları güçlendirilebilir ya da sosyalleşmeleri sağlanabilir. Dolayısıyla dijital oyun içerikleri iyi analiz edilmeli ve uygun içeriğe sahip olanların oynanmasına izin verilmelidir.
Identification of Pathogenic Fungi Causing Leaf Spot of Urtica cannabina and Malus sieversii in the Wild Fruit Forest of Tianshan Mountain, Xinjiang, China
Authors: Tang Jieshi , Liu Yu , Zhang Chi , Han Caixia , Shao Hua
Published: September 2022

Degradation of the wild apple trees in the wild fruit forest of Tianshan mountain of Xinjiang Province, China, has attracted great attention in recent years, and pathogens are believed to be an important responsible factor. We observed that Malus sieversii and its understory plant, Urtica cannabina, exhibited similar symptoms of leaf spot disease, and we suspect that they are caused by the same pathogens. DNA sequencing using ITS1 and ITS4 primers was applied to identify the pathogenic fungi from diseased leaves of U. cannabina and M. sieversii, which led to the identification of Alternaria sp. and Fusarium sp. as active pathogens causing same symptoms on leaves of both species. Our results implied that these two plants shared the same pathogenic fungi that cause leaf spot disease, and infection of the understory species U. cannabina might provide a reservoir of the pathogens which can attack M. sieversii and contribute at least in part, to the degradation of M. sieversii.