bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Output feedback stabilization for nonholonomic systems with unknown unmeasured states‐dependent growth
Authors: Yu Jiangbo , Liu Yungang , Wu Yuqiang
Published: January 2020

This paper is concerned with the global output feedback stabilization for a class of nonholonomic systems with unknown parameter, polynomial‐of‐output, and unmeasurable states dependent growth. A dynamic high‐gain observer is first designed to reconstruct the unmeasurable system states and, in addition, to compensate the serious parameter unknowns in nonlinear drifts. Then, we design a compact adaptive controller without invoking the backstepping technique, which reduces the complexity of controller. Additionally, a switching control strategy is employed to overcome the smooth feedback obstacle associated with nonholonomic systems. It is shown that the proposed control laws guarantee that all closed‐loop system states are globally bounded and ultimately converge to zero. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
A study on how startups approach sustainable development through intellectual property
Authors: Kwon Ohsung
Published: January 2020

Sustainability is an important concept in various fields, from public policy to detailed principles associated with society, the economy, and the environment. Therefore, revealing the dynamic patterns of the sustainability sector is important for understanding how startups have used the sustainability concept. This study analyzes a sample dataset consisting of patents associated with sustainability and registered by startups. The results are as follows. First, the sustainability sector exhibits diversified patterns, which indicates the growth potential of the sector, measured as the number of International Patent Classification classes, Herfindahl–Hirschman index, and Shannon entropy for the robustness. Second, the corresponding technologies can be classified into three groups: The recent sustainability trend in terms of startups involves consumer‐focused technologies, whereas basis and traditional technologies have diminished in focus. Thus, the environmental government agency should consider this discrepancy when deciding future research and development investments and provide subsidies to startups effectively.
What is a pivot? Explaining when and how entrepreneurial firms decide to make strategic change and pivot
Authors: Kirtley Jacqueline , O'Mahony Siobhan
Published: January 2020

Research Summary

Most theories of strategic change focus on how large, established firms recognize or fail to recognize the need for strategic change. Little research examines how early‐stage entrepreneurs decide when and how to change their strategies. With a longitudinal field study of seven entrepreneurial firms developing innovations in energy and cleantech, we examined 93 strategic decisions at risk for change. We found that decision‐makers chose to change their strategies only after new information conflicted with or expanded their beliefs. Furthermore, a pivot, or strategic reorientation, was not achieved with a single decision, but by incrementally exiting or adding strategy elements over time, accumulating into a pivot. We contribute a grounded definition of what constitutes a pivot and explain when and how entrepreneurial firms pivot.

Managerial Summary

The term “pivot” is used extensively by practitioners and scholars alike, yet little is known about when and how entrepreneurial firms actually choose to change their strategies and when that change constitutes a pivot. We find that entrepreneurial firms choose to change their strategies only after receiving new information that conflicts with or expands their beliefs about their firm or uncertainties they face. However, this is more rare than the norm. Rather than make wholesale change with one decision, firms incrementally exit or add a single element to their strategies. A firm pivots and reorients their strategic direction by reallocating or restructuring the firm's activities, resources, and attention through an accumulated series of decisions to address the on‐going stream of problems and opportunities early‐stage firms confront.
The theoretical foundation(s) for Systems Engineering?
Authors: Yearworth Mike
Published: January 2020

I present a short argument for the enlargement of the theoretical foundations of Systems Engineering beyond Systems Science/General Systems Theory.
Mesenchymal stem cells elicit macrophages into M2 phenotype via improving transcription factor EB-mediated autophagy to alleviate diabetic nephropathy
Authors: Yuan Yujia , Li Lan , Zhu Lingling , Liu Fei , Tang Xi , Liao Guangneng , Liu Jingping , Cheng Jingqiu , Chen Younan , Lu Yanrong
Published: January 2020

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a leading cause of end-stage renal disease. Chronic inflammation is recognized as a key causal factor in the development and progression of DN, and the imbalance of M1/M2 macrophages (Mφ) contributes to this process. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been reported to prevent renal injuries via immune regulation in diabetic models, but whether these benefits are owing to the regulation of Mφ, and the underlying signaling pathways are unknown. Here, we showed that MSCs elicited Mφ into M2 phenotype and prevented renal injuries in DN mice, but these effects were abolished when the Mφ were depleted by clodronate liposomes (Lipo-Clod), suggesting that Mφ were necessary for renal protection of MSCs in DN mice. Moreover, the MSCs promoted M2 polarization was attributable to the activation of transcription factor EB (TFEB) and subsequent restore of lysosomal function and autophagy activity in Mφ. Furthermore, in vivo adoptive transfer of Mφin vivo (Mφ from DN + MSCs mice) or MφMSCs (Mφ cocultured with MSCs in vitro) to DN mice improved renal function. While, TFEB knockdown in Mφ significantly abolished the protective role of MφMSCs. Altogether, these findings revealed that MSCs suppress inflammatory response and alleviate renal injuries in DN mice via TFEB-dependent Mφ switch.
Defect inspection of coated automobile roofs using a single camera
Authors: Zhang Jing , Kikuta Masaki , Zhang Chao , Ito Akiyoshi , Anmi Kenichi , Matsui Yoichi , Akashi Takuya
Published: January 2020

Automobile surface defects, such as scratches and dents, can largely affect the first impressions of consumers. These defects are likely to occur during the processes of manufacturing and painting. Most global automobile companies still rely on visual inspection to detect the defects, which results in instability and inefficiency in the inspection procedure. In this paper, a low‐cost detection system is proposed. The hardware part of the system consists of only light emitting diode (LED) tubes and a single camera. The software part of the system first obtains defect candidates greedily by thresholding binarization result. Then, candidates in each frame are filtered using a differential image. Finally, as the main contribution, our algorithm further filters the candidates using tracking trajectories of defect candidates over multiple frames. Experimental results demonstrate that our method is able to detect defects while suppressing false‐positive detections and is effective in real‐world situations. © 2020 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
One‐way mesoscale‐microscale coupling for simulating a wind farm in North Texas: Assessment against SCADA and LiDAR data
Authors: Santoni Christian , García‐Cartagena Edgardo J. , Ciri Umberto , Zhan Lu , Valerio Iungo Giacomo , Leonardi Stefano
Published: January 2020

One‐way nested mesoscale to microscale simulations of an onshore wind farm have been performed nesting the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and our in‐house high‐resolution large‐eddy simulation code (UTD‐WF). Each simulation contains five nested WRF domains, with the largest domain spanning the north Texas Panhandle region with a 4 km resolution, while the highest resolution (50 m) nest simulates microscale wind fluctuations and turbine wakes within a single wind farm. The finest WRF domain in turn drives the UTD‐WF LES higher‐resolution domain for a subset of six turbines at a resolution of ∼5 m. The wind speed, direction, and boundary layer profiles from WRF are compared against measurements obtained with a met‐tower and a scanning Doppler wind LiDAR located within the wind farm. Additionally, power production obtained from WRF and UTD‐WF are assessed against supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system data. Numerical results agree well with the experimental measurements of the wind speed, direction, and power production of the turbines. UTD‐WF high‐resolution domain improves significantly the agreement of the turbulence intensity at the turbines location compared with that of WRF. Velocity spectra have been computed to assess how the nesting allows resolving a wide range of scales at a reasonable computational cost. A domain sensitivity analysis has been performed. Velocity spectra indicate that placing the inlet too close to the first row of turbines results in an unrealistic peak of energy at the rotational frequency of the turbines. Spectra of the power production of a single turbine and of the cumulative power of the array have been compared with analytical models.
Filtering‐based approaches for functional data classification
Authors: Jiang Ci‐Ren , Chen Lu‐Hung
Published: January 2020

Because of its many practical applications, classifying functional data has received considerable attention over the last decades. Most classification approaches for functional data are extended from those for multivariate data. During the extension, two strategies, namely filtering and regularization, have commonly been employed to tackle the issues raised by the fact that functional data are intrinsically infinite‐dimensional. Because of space limitations, we focus on the filtering methods in this review.

This article is categorized under:

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Analysis of High Dimensional Data

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Clustering and Classification
An International Collaborative Study on Surgical Education for Quality Improvement (ASSURED): A Project by the 2017 International Society of Surgery (ISS/SIC) Travel Scholars International Working Group
Authors: Joshi Anip , Borraez‐Segura Bernardo , Anwer Mariyah , Ladipo‐Ajayi Oluwaseun , Schlottmann Francisco , Le Diem Nguyen Ngoc , Hill Andrew G. , Sarr Michael G.
Published: January 2020

Background

There is a huge difference in the standard of surgical training in different countries around the world. The disparity is more obvious in the various models of surgical training in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) compared to high‐income countries. Although the global training model of surgeons is evolving from an apprenticeship model to a competency‐based model with additional training using simulation, the training of surgeons in LMICs still lacks a standard pathway of training.

Methods

This is a qualitative, descriptive, and collaborative study conducted in six LMICs across Asia, Africa, and South America. The data were collected on the status of surgical education in these countries as per the guidelines designed for the ASSURED project along with plans for quality improvement in surgical education in these countries.

Results

The training model in these selected LMICs appears to be a hybrid of the standard models of surgical training. The training models were tailored to the country's need, but many fail to meet international standards. There are many areas identified that can be addressed in order to improve the quality of surgical education in these countries.

Conclusions

Many areas need to be improved for a better quality of surgical training in LMICs. There is a need of financial, technical, and research support for the improvement in these models of surgical education in LMICs.
A randomized, double-blind, single-dose study to evaluate the biosimilarity of QL1101 with bevacizumab in healthy male subjects
Authors: Liu Ya-nan , Huang Jie , Guo Can , Yang Shuang , Ye Ling , Wu Shu-ting , Zhang Xing-fei , Yang Xiao-yan , Han Cui-cui , Pei Qi , Huang Lu , He Qing-nan , Yang Guo-ping
Published: January 2020

Purpose

This is the first study to compare the pharmacokinetics of QL1101, a proposed bevacizumab biosimilar, with Avastin® sourced from Roche Diagnostics GmbH.

Methods

In this double-blind, single-dose, parallel-group study, healthy male subjects were randomized 1:1 to receive QL1101 or Avastin® 3 mg/kg intravenously. Pharmacokinetic assessments were conducted for 85 days, with additional safety and immunogenicity assessments until day 90. Primary study endpoints were area under the concentration–time curve (AUC) from time zero to infinity (AUC0–∞), AUC from time zero to the last quantifiable concentration (AUC0–last), and maximum serum concentration (Cmax). Pharmacokinetic equivalence was shown if the 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean ratios (GMRs) of the C0–max, AUC0–last, and AUC0–∞ were within the predefined bioequivalence margin of 80–125.00%.

Results

A total of 82 subjects were randomized to the following groups: 42 to QL1101 and 40 to Avastin®. The 90% CIs of the GMRs of AUC0–∞, AUC0–last, and Cmax of QL1101 and Avastin® were (97.8%, 107.0%), (94.5%, 106.9%), and (94.1%, 107.3%), respectively, which were all within the bioequivalence margin. The incidence of adverse events was 90.5% and 95.0% in the QL1101 and Avastin® groups, respectively. Mean serum concentration–time profiles, secondary pharmacokinetic parameters, and safety and immunogenicity profiles were comparable across the two treatment groups.

Conclusions

The study demonstrated the pharmacokinetic equivalence of QL1101 to Avastin®. QL1101 (3 mg/kg, iv) is safe and tolerable in healthy Chinese subjects. These data support the further clinical evaluation of QL1101 as a bevacizumab biosimilar.
Review on uncertainty of the first-flush phenomenon in diffuse pollution control
Authors: Mamun Abdullah Al , Shams Shahriar , Nuruzzaman Md.
Published: January 2020

Several definitions and criteria of the first-flush are being used to assess and control the nonpoint source (diffuse) pollution. The common consensus is that the first-flush is generally noticed in the small catchments (e.g. < 10 ha) of regular shapes. It is also considered that 80% of the pollution load can be captured by capturing 30% of the runoff volume, which is assumed to be due to first-flush of the storm event. However, such phenomenon is uncertain in the considerably large catchments, principally due to the dilution and delay in transport of the pollutant. This paper critically examines the ‘first-flush’ phenomenon in controlling diffuse pollution based on various studies conducted by the researchers. Based on the review, it can be inferred that the first-flush may be an effective criterion for sizing on-site treatment facilities for small catchments (with similar dimensions of length and width), from where the runoff is expected to reach the treatment facility (roughly) at the same time. However, for the large and elongated catchments with an area covering more than 10 ha, a huge volume of storm runoff needs to be captured that would make the treatment system large or less effective. As such, for the community and regional facilities; the presence of the first-flush needs to be confirmed based on the sampling and analysis of data collected from several storm events of different durations and intensities. Therefore, the use of the first-flush phenomenon should not be applied for the design of storm runoff treatment facility in large drainage system (say > 10 ha) without on-site monitoring being conducted. However, it is also recommended to come up with a simplistic approach of designing the best management practices (BMPs) to capture and treat certain depth of the initial storm runoff (e.g. first 20 mm), which will help reduce the effect of nonpoint source (NPS) pollution.
Photon treatment effect on the surface and figure of merit of thermoelectric material Bi2Te3−xSex
Authors: Belonogov E. , Grebennikov A. , Dybov V. , Kannykin S. , Kostyuchenko A. , Kuschev S. , Serikov D. , Soldatenko S. , Sumets M.
Published: January 2020

The phase composition, structure, morphology, and thermal conductivity of Bi2Te3−xSex-based semiconductor solid solution after photon treatment (PT) were studied by X-ray diffractometry, SEM, TEM, and the laser flash techniques. It was revealed that PT leads to recrystallization of the subsurface layers of the solid solution with the formation of a heterogeneous nanocrystalline structure. The thermoelectric figure of merit of the semiconductor Bi2Te3−xSex (n-type) solid solution increases after PT due to modification of the surface layers. This is due to the decrease of the thermal conductivity of the studied material after PT.
Can the GDPR and Freedom of Expression Coexist?
Authors: Reventlow Nani Jansen
Published: January 2020

The General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes important transparency and accountability requirements on different actors who process personal data. This is great news for the protection of individual data privacy. However, given that “personal information and human stories are the raw material of journalism,” what does the GDPR mean for freedom of expression and especially for journalistic activity? This essay argues that, although EU states seem to have taken their data protection obligations under the GDPR seriously, efforts to balance this against the right to freedom of expression have been more uneven. The essay concludes that it is of key importance to ensure that the GDPR's safeguards for data privacy do not compromise a free press.
Who Led Leeds? Public service between the wars: building a biographical library through collaboration
Authors: Kumbhat Pushpa
Published: January 2020

Few biographical databases exist giving any information about the lives of ‘ordinary’ local leaders. Who Led Leeds? was a public engagement project that aimed to create a biographical collection at the Leeds Central Library, detailing the lives of Leeds city councillors who served between 1918 and 1939. This article describes the project and considers the extent to which the project was successful. It also reflects on how the creation of such archives using existing resources in local studies and family history libraries has the potential to expand and enrich the field of urban history.
Low-cost thin-film passive RFID circuits and detector system
Authors: El-Sawy Salma , Nawaz Wasim , Osama Mohamed , Tekin Ahmet
Published: January 2020

This paper discusses the design of chip-less RFID tags of a standard pocket size of 69 mm by 156 mm. These tags are based on lumped elements of copper metal traces constructed on a thin polyamide flexible substrate. Moreover, a low-cost single-chip Bluetooth detector circuit system is demonstrated. Two different detection methods: variable coil load coupling and optical light intensity detection were combined to yield 256 unique ID codes. In the first method, by utilizing simple 4 MHz digital drivers and an integrated analog to digital converter (ADC) in the reader controller; various inductively coupled resonant loads corresponding to multiple distinct tags could be differentiated, yielding eight different (3-bit) ID codes. The additional via-based hole pattern reflectometer method creates additional 32 distinct levels (5-bit) utilizing 650 nm visible light-emitting diode and a simple trans-impedance operational along with the same analog ADC pins of a Bluetooth controller. The printed circuit board trace coil on the two-layer low-cost FR-4 waterproof sealed detector unit is simultaneously used as a Qi wireless power receiver to charge the120 mAh 2450 Lithium Polymer (LiR) battery. The device could remain operational for more than a month with a single charge; remaining connected with a mobile device and enabling 10 readouts daily.
Dual-polarized, monostatic antenna array with improved Tx–Rx isolation for 2.4 GHz in-band full duplex applications
Authors: Nawaz Haq , Niazi Ahmad Umar , Basit M. Abdul , Shaukat Furqan , Usman Muhammad
Published: January 2020

This paper presents a two-elements based, dual polarized, single layer, patch antenna array with improved isolation between transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) ports for 2.4 GHz in-band full duplex (IBFD) or simultaneous transmit and receive wireless applications. The differential feeding deployed at the Rx port effectively suppresses the coupling which is termed as self-interference from the Tx port to achieve high Tx–Rx interport isolation. A simple 3 dB/180° ring hybrid coupler with nice amplitude and phase balance characteristics has been used for differential Rx operation. The mathematical description for a differential feeding based self-interference cancellation mechanism is also presented for the proposed dual polarized IBFD antenna array. The measurement results for the implemented prototype of the antenna array demonstrate very nice levels of Tx–Rx interport isolation. The implemented single layer, compact antenna array presents 10 dB return-loss bandwidth of more than 50 MHz for both Tx and Rx ports. The prototype achieves >80 dB peak interport isolation and 75 dB (65 dB) isolation in 20 MHz (50 MHz) bandwidth.
Using Conceptual Models to Relate Multiparameter Satellite Data to Subsurface Volcanic Processes in Latin America
Authors: Reath K. , Pritchard M. , Biggs J. , Andrews B. , Ebmeier S. K. , Bagnardi M. , Girona T. , Lundgren P. , Lopez T. , Poland M.
Published: January 2020

Satellite data have been extensively used to identify volcanic behavior. However, the physical subsurface processes causing any individual manifestation of activity can be ambiguous. We propose a classification scheme for the cause of unrest that simultaneously considers three multiparameter satellite observations. The scheme is based on characteristics of the volcanic system (open, closed, and eruptive) and unrest mechanisms (intrusion, evolution, and withdrawal) occurring at shallow depths in the volcanic system. We applied these models to satellite observations acquired at 47 of the most active volcanoes in Latin America. Of the volcanoes studied, 44 had a robust enough dataset for classification and were clustered into 4 groups and 10 subgroups with common behavioral characteristics. By identifying that these volcanoes can be clustered into a number of groupings significantly less than the number of volcanoes, we have demonstrated that commonalities in behavior patterns exist among diverse volcanic systems. Identifying volcanoes with similar characteristics underpins the use of past observations at one volcano to forecast activity at another and diverges from typical volcanic groupings, which are focused on geologic parameters (i.e., composition, volcano type, and tectonic setting). Based on satellite data alone, we have identified preeruptive intrusion prior to 15 eruptions at 12 different volcanoes, magma evolution prior to 18 eruptions at 13 volcanoes, and magma withdrawal at 3 eruptions and 3 volcanoes. Improvements to the spatial and temporal resolution are needed to make these relations robust. This classification scheme provides a framework for future automated clustering of volcanoes.
On the Differences Between the South Pacific Meridional and Quadrupole Modes
Authors: Ding Ruiqiang , Li Jianping , Yang Ruowen , Tseng Yu‐heng , Li Yang , Ji Kai
Published: January 2020

The South Pacific quadrupole (SPQ) and South Pacific meridional mode (SPMM) are the dominant modes of South Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability. Both SST modes have been found to affect the occurrence of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. In this study, the authors examine the differences between the SPQ and SPMM in terms of their spatial structure, temporal variations, and impacts on ENSO using observational and Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) model data. As a local SST mode defined in the subtropical southeast Pacific, the SPMM has large‐amplitude SST anomalies (SSTAs) mainly confined in the southeast Pacific. In contrast, as a basin‐scale SST mode defined in the South Pacific basin, the SPQ has large‐amplitude SSTAs over the southeast Pacific as well as over the southwest Pacific and high‐latitude South Pacific. In addition, the SPQ has its temporal variability independent of the SPMM, and the occurrence of strong SPQ events is not always simultaneous with strong SPMM events. The SPQ is more closely linked than the SPMM to ENSO, possibly because the SPQ includes an additional component of SSTAs in the southwest Pacific and high‐latitude South Pacific. These findings suggest that compared with the SPMM, the SPQ may act as an improved precursor signal for ENSO events. The results have implications for understanding the respective roles of SSTAs over different regions of the South Pacific in influencing ENSO.
Grain Reynolds Number Scale Effects in Dry Granular Slides
Authors: Kesseler Matthew , Heller Valentin , Turnbull Barbara
Published: January 2020

Scale effects are differences in physical behavior that manifest between a large event and a geometrically scaled laboratory model and may cause misleading predictions. This study focuses on scale effects in granular slides, important in the environment and to industry. A versatile 6 m long laboratory setup has been built following Froude similarity to investigate dry granular slides at scales varied by a factor of 4, with grain Reynolds numbers Re in the range of 10
to 10
. To provide further comparison, discrete element method simulations have also been conducted. Significant scale effects were identified; the nondimensional surface velocity increased by up to 35%, while the deposit runout distance increased by up to 26% from the smallest to the largest model. These scale effects are strongly correlated with Re, suggesting that interactions between grains and air are primarily responsible for the observed scale effects. This is supported by the discrete element method data, which did not show these scale effects in the absence of air. Furthermore, the particle drag force accounted for a significant part of the observed scale effects. Cauchy number scale effects caused by unscaled particle stiffness resulting in varying dust formation with scale are found to be of secondary importance. Comparisons of the laboratory data to that of other studies and of natural events show that data normalization with Re is an effective method of quantitatively comparing laboratory results to natural events. This upscaling technique can improve hazard assessment in nature and is potentially useful for modeling industrial flows.
A New Framework for Exploring Process Controls of Flow Duration Curves
Authors: Ghotbi Saba , Wang Dingbao , Singh Arvind , Blöschl Günter , Sivapalan Murugesu
Published: January 2020

The flow duration curve (FDC) is effectively the cumulative distribution function of streamflow. For a long time, hydrologists have sought deeper understanding of the process controls on the shape of FDC, which has been a challenge due to contrasting processes controlling the fast flow and slow flow components of streamflow and their interactions. In this paper, we outline a new framework for exploring the process controls of the FDC, which involves studying fast and slow flow components of FDC separately and combining them statistically, explicitly accounting for their dependence. We illustrate the potential of the framework by constructing empirical fast flow duration (FFDC) and slow flow duration (SFDC) curves from the flow components obtained by traditional baseflow separation. Streamflow time series data from 245 MOPEX catchments across the continental United States are used. The dependence of FFDC and SFDC components is captured by the Gumbel copula, the strength of which varies regionally. In catchments where FFDC and SFDC are independent, FDC can be approximated by a simple convolution of FFDC and SFDC. The proposed conceptual framework opens the way for future modeling studies to explore process controls of fast and slow components of streamflow separately, their dependence, and their relative contributions to the shape of the FDC.
Aromatization of ethylene over zeolite-based catalysts
Authors: Uslamin Evgeny A. , Saito Hikaru , Kosinov Nikolay , Pidko Evgeny , Sekine Yasushi , Hensen Emiel J. M.
Published: January 2020

Elucidating the role of metal modification and confined hydrocarbon species in the aromatization of ethylene on zeolite catalysts.
The influence of inorganic anions on photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Lin Jinliang , Li Youfeng
Published: January 2020

The influence of common inorganic anions on photocatalytic CO2 reduction has been investigated in a semiconductor/complex (CdS/Co(bpy)3Cl2) system.
ARS–TiO2 photocatalyzed direct functionalization of sp2 C–H bonds toward thiocyanation and cyclization reactions under visible light
Authors: Koohgard Mehdi , Hosseinpour Zeinab , Sarvestani Abdollah Masoudi , Hosseini-Sarvari Mona
Published: January 2020

An ARS–TiO2 photocatalyst has been prepared, by a simple method through stirring a mixture of ARS and TiO2 at room temperature in the dark, to extend the photocatalytic response of titanium dioxide toward the visible light spectrum.
A Ti-based bi-MOF for the tandem reaction of H2O2 generation and catalytic oxidative desulfurization
Authors: Liao Xiaoyuan , Wei Wenjie , Zhou Yiqian , Zhang Meng , Cai Yi , Liu Haitang , Yao Yue , Lu Shuxiang , Hao Qinglan
Published: January 2020

In the past, H2O2 has been used as an oxidant when Ti-based materials are used as catalysts at ambient conditions.
Microbiota modulation and effects on metabolic biomarkers by orange juice: a controlled clinical trial
Authors: Fidélix Melaine , Milenkovic Dragan , Sivieri Katia , Cesar Thais
Published: January 2020

Regular consumption of 300 ml of orange juice d−1for 60 days altered the intestinal microbiota, increasingAkkermansiaandLactobacillus, whileRuminococcusdecreased. These changes were inversely correlated with metabolic biomarkers in women.
A protein nanocomposite for ultra-fast, efficient and non-irritating skin decontamination of nerve agents
Authors: Wang Jiapeng , Li Yao , Huang Jingyi , Li Wanhua , Luo Yuan , Sui Xin , Li Jin , Wang Yongan , Yang Jun
Published: January 2020

The nanocomposite would decontaminate nerve agents within several seconds without irritating the skin, reducing the poisoning degree in vivo.
Light and complex 3D MoS2/graphene heterostructures as efficient catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Teich Jonah , Dvir Ravit , Henning Alex , Hamo Eliran R. , Moody Michael J. , Jurca Titel , Cohen Hagai , Marks Tobin J. , Rosen Brian A. , Lauhon Lincoln J. , Ismach Ariel
Published: January 2020

Atomic Layer Deposition of MoS2 with controlled crystallinity on nanoporous graphene foams are highly promising hierarchical materials for numerous applications. A trade-off between the defect density and crystallinity for improved HER performance is reported.
Epoxy vitrimers incorporating physical crosslinks produced by self-association of alkyl chains
Authors: Altuna F. I. , Casado U. , dell'Erba I. E. , Luna L. , Hoppe C. E. , Williams R. J. J.
Published: January 2020

Vitrimers synthesized from epoxy-carboxylic acid-alkylamine (Cn) formulations exhibit tunable mechanical properties and stress relaxation without using external catalysts.
Precise polyethylene derivatives bearing mesogenic side-chains: delicate self-assembly depending on graft density
Authors: Chang Wen-Ying , Shi Dong , Jiang Xu-Qiang , Jiang Jia-Di , Zhao Yang , Ren Xiang-Kui , Yang Shuang , Chen Er-Qiang
Published: January 2020

Precise polyethylene derivatives bearing mesogenic side-chains demonstrate a sophisticated side-chain spacing effect on the local coupling and spatial arrangement of the backbone and side-chains.
Doping free transfer of graphene using aqueous ammonia flow
Authors: Hassanpour Amiri Morteza , Heidler Jonas , Hasnain Ahmar , Anwar Saleem , Lu Hao , Müllen Klaus , Asadi Kamal
Published: January 2020

The paper addresses the technical challenge of producing doping-free transferred graphene layers produced by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD), thereby preventing uncontrolled shift of the Dirac point in comprising field-effect transistors.
Programmable adenine deamination in bacteria using a Cas9–adenine-deaminase fusion
Authors: Zhang Ya , Zhang Hongyuan , Wang Zhipeng , Wu Zhaowei , Wang Yu , Tang Na , Xu Xuexia , Zhao Suwen , Chen Weizhong , Ji Quanjiang
Published: January 2020

We report a pABE system which enables highly efficient adenine to guanine conversion in bacteria. Key residues of a staphylopine/metal complex transportercntBCwere systematically screenedviathe pABE system.
Breaking scaling relations for efficient CO2 electrochemical reduction through dual-atom catalysts
Authors: Ouyang Yixin , Shi Li , Bai Xiaowan , Li Qiang , Wang Jinlan
Published: January 2020

Monolayer C2N supported heteronuclear dual-atom catalysts are designed for efficient CO2 electrochemical reduction.
Concerted proton-electron transfer oxidation of phenols and hydrocarbons by a high-valent nickel complex
Authors: Fisher Katherine J. , Feuer Margalit L. , Lant Hannah M. C. , Mercado Brandon Q. , Crabtree Robert H. , Brudvig Gary W.
Published: January 2020

A high-valent nickel(III) compound performs fast concerted proton–electron transfer on O–H and C–H bonds. Thermodynamic analysis suggests that the oxidizing power of the compound and the formation of a strong ligand O–H bond lead to high reactivity.
Synergy between plant phenols and carotenoids in stabilizing lipid-bilayer membranes of giant unilamellar vesicles against oxidative destruction
Authors: Zhou Yi-Ming , Liu Xiao-Chen , Li Yu-Qian , Wang Peng , Han Rui-Min , Zhang Jian-Ping , Skibsted Leif H.
Published: January 2020

The synergistic antioxidant effect of plant phenols and carotenoids at the lipid–water interface was consistent with the Marcus theory.
Enhancement of elastohydrodynamic friction by elastic hysteresis in a periodic structure
Authors: Moyle Nichole , Wu Haibin , Khripin Constantine , Bremond Florian , Hui Chung-Yuen , Jagota Anand
Published: January 2020

Lubricated friction of soft contacts is enhanced by periodic variation of substrate compliance.
Eutectoid nano-precipitates inducing remarkably enhanced thermoelectric performance in (Sn1−xCdxTe)1−y(Cu2Te)y
Authors: Qi Xia , Huang Yi , Wu Di , Jiang Binbin , Zhu Bin , Xu Xiao , Feng Jianghe , Jia Baohai , Shu Zhong , He Jiaqing
Published: January 2020

Eutectoid CdTe/Cu2Te precipitates and Cu interstitials leading to a superlow lattice thermal conductivity in SnTe.
Novel highly active and self-healing Co(CO3)xOHy cocatalysts on BiVO4 photoanodes for effective solar water oxidation
Authors: Wu Lijun , Wang Lei , Zhu Jie , Sun Mao , Liu Xianhu , Schmuki Patrik , Zhang Jun
Published: January 2020

Highly active and self-healing Co(CO3)xOHy for solar water splitting.
Multifunctional, fluorescent DNA-derived carbon dots for biomedical applications: bioimaging, luminescent DNA hydrogels, and dopamine detection
Authors: Pandey Pankaj Kumar , Preeti  , Rawat Kamla , Prasad Tulika , Bohidar H. B.
Published: January 2020

Here, we describe the synthesis of 2–3 nm, hydrophilic, blue fluorescence-emitting carbon dots (C-Dots, made using a DNA precursor) by the hydrothermal route from the gelling concentration of 2% (w/v) DNA.
Ag-Conjugated graphene quantum dots with blue light-enhanced singlet oxygen generation for ternary-mode highly-efficient antimicrobial therapy
Authors: Yu Yunjian , Mei Lin , Shi Yanmei , Zhang Xinge , Cheng Kesong , Cao Fengyi , Zhang Liuxue , Xu Jia , Li Xiumin , Xu Zhenlong
Published: January 2020

A broad-spectrum antibacterial system was produced in which silver nanoparticle-conjugated graphene quantum dots were utilised as a blue light-enhanced nanotherapeutic for efficient ternary-mode antimicrobial therapy.
VEGAS: a VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey
Authors: Iodice Enrichetta , Spavone Marilena , Cattapan Arianna , Bannikova Elena , Forbes Duncan A. , Rampazzo Roberto , Ciroi Stefano , Corsini Enrico Maria , D’Ago Giuseppe , Oosterloo Tom , Schipani Pietro , Capaccioli Massimo
Published: January 2020

Context. This paper is based on the multi-band VST Early-type GAlaxy Survey (VEGAS) with the VLT Survey Telescope (VST). We present new deep photometry of the IC 1459 group in g and r band.

Aims. The main goal of this work is to investigate the photometric properties of the IC 1459 group, and to compare our results with those obtained for other galaxy groups studied in VEGAS, in order to provide an initial view of the variation of their properties as a function of the evolution of the system.

Methods. For all galaxies in the IC 1459 group, we fit isophotes and extract the azimuthally averaged surface-brightness profiles, the position angle, and ellipticity profiles as a function of the semi-major axis. We also extract the average colour profile. In each band, we estimate the total magnitude, effective radius, mean colour, and total stellar mass for each galaxy in the group. We then look at the structure of the brightest galaxies and the faint features in their outskirts, considering also the intragroup component.

Results. The wide field of view, long integration time, high angular resolution, and arcsec-level seeing of OmegaCAM at VST allow us to map the light distribution of IC 1459 down to a surface brightness level of 29.26 mag arcsec−2 in g band and 28.85 mag arcsec−2 in r band, and out to 7−10Re, and to detect the optical counterpart of HI gas around IC 1459. We also carry out an in-depth exploration of three low-density environments and provide information to understand how galaxy and group properties change with the group evolution stage.

Conclusions. Good agreement is found between our results and predictions of numerical simulations regarding the structural properties of the brightest galaxies of the groups. We suggest that the structure of the outer envelope of he brightest cluster galaxies (i.e. the signatures of past mergers and tidal interactions), the intra-group light, and the HI amount and distribution may be used as indicators of the evolutionary stage and mass assembly of galaxy groups.
Neuroblastome de haut risque
Authors: Valteau-Couanet Dominique , Minard-Colin Véronique , Pasqualini Claudia
Published: January 2020

Le neuroblatome de haut risque reste un défi thérapeutique de l’oncologie pédiatrique puisque qu’il touche de très jeunes patients (90 % ont moins de 5 ans), dont les chances de survie restent inférieures à 50 % malgré des traitements très lourds. Une immunothérapie par l’anticorps monoclonal anti-GD2 dinutuximab bêta (Qarziba®) a cependant été validée par le groupe européen SIOPEN pour le traitement d’entretien des neuroblastomes de haut risque et l’administration de cet anticorps a permis un progrès significatif avec une amélioration d’environ 15 % de la survie des patients. Des voies sont actuellement en cours d’exploration afin d’optimiser le potentiel thérapeutique des anticorps anti-GD2. Notamment, des études visent à évaluer si l’administration de ces anticorps en combinaison avec de la chimiothérapie ou d’autres agents immunomodulateurs améliore leur efficacité, ou si l’utilisation d’anticorps mieux ciblés peut diminuer leur toxicité.
Déterminer la dose à injecter lors des premières études cliniques menées avec un anticorps monoclonal
Authors: Viala Marie , Tosi Diego
Published: January 2020

Les anticorps monoclonaux constituent une arme thérapeutique de plus en plus utilisée en oncologie car ils permettent de cibler très précisément les cellules cancéreuses tout en présentant l’avantage d’épargner les cellules saines des effets du traitement, avec, par conséquent, une réduction très importante de la toxicité. L’absence de toxicité significative et d’une relation directe entre dose et efficacité pour les anticorps rendent toutefois peu utiles les méthodes de sélection de la dose traditionnellement utilisées pour les médicaments de chimiothérapie. Il n’existe toutefois pas de consensus sur des paramètres alternatifs qui permettraient de sélectionner pendant les essais de phase précoce la meilleure dose de ces molécules pour le développement clinique ultérieur.
Anticorps biosimilaires versus princeps
Authors: Pivot Xavier , Goupille Philippe
Published: January 2020

Les biosimilaires sont des produits ayant montré leur équivalence avec le traitement biologique de référence, selon un cahier des charges strict imposé par les agences d’enregistrement, la FDA et l’EMA. Leur développement et leur utilisation sont justifiés par le coût très élevé des biomédicaments, et de fortes incitations à leur prescription font espérer des économies substantielles, permettant le financement d’autres molécules innovantes. Le trastuzumab a marqué l’histoire des traitements du cancer du sein, quatre biosimilaires étant désormais disponibles pour une utilisation en routine. Nous détaillerons ici les points clés de leur développement.
L’immunothérapie, une révolution en oncologie
Authors: Dubois Manon , Ardin Camille , André Fanny , Scherpereel Arnaud , Mortier Laurent
Published: January 2020

L’utilisation des inhibiteurs de points de contrôle immunitaire a révolutionné la prise en charge et le pronostic de nombreux patients atteints de cancer. L’arrivée de ces nouveaux traitements s’est accompagnée de la découverte de nouveaux effets indésirables nécessitant des prises en charge spécifiques. De plus, l’évolution tumorale et sa surveillance sous immunothérapie est différente de celle sous traitements classiques, et ont nécessité une adaptation des critères radiologiques et du suivi des lésions tumorales. De nombreuses autres cibles thérapeutiques existent, et pourraient potentiellement être associées aux inhibiteurs des points de contrôle immunitaires. Il existe donc encore de nombreux défis à relever afin de mieux comprendre et d’optimiser l’utilisation de ces nouvelles molécules.
Les anticorps etscaffoldbispécifiques, des médicaments innovants en oncologie impliquant le ciblage des cellules immunitaires
Authors: Chames Patrick , Wurch Thierry
Published: January 2020

Une connaissance approfondie de la biologie et de l’immunologie des tumeurs, mais aussi la conception de formats innovants d’anticorps et d’autres charpentes (ouscaffolds) protéiques ont permis de générer une véritable explosion de nouvelles molécules à visée thérapeutique au cours de ces 10 dernières années. Dans ce cadre, les anticorps bispécifiques (Abs) tiennent une place de choix. Ils permettent en effet, (1) d’apporter des propriétés biologiques et pharmacologiques nouvelles qui dépendent de l’engagement simultané des deux cibles, (2) d’améliorer le profil de sécurité par rapport à une combinaison d’anticorps en favorisant sa localisation tumorale en oncologie, et également (3) de combiner en une seule molécule les activités de deux anticorps conventionnels, réduisant ainsi les coûts de développement clinique et de fabrication. Cet article de revue a pour objectif d’analyser les différentes molécules bispécifiques décrites à ce jour dans le domaine de l’immuno-oncologie, et de présenter leurs différents formats et principales propriétés.
Leistungsvergütung: Das DRG-System muss sich weiter entwickeln
Authors: Bornemeier Olaf
Published: January 2020

Unabhängig von gesetzgeberischen Aktivitäten bleiben säkulare Entwicklungen bestehen.
KIS-Markt im umbruch: Nach Agfa will sich auch Cerner von KIS trennen
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: January 2020

Branchenführer Agfa steht vor dem Verkauf des in deutschen Krankenhäusern am häufigsten installierten Krankenhausinformationssystems (KIS) Orbis an den italienischen Interessenten Dedalus. Nun folgt der zweitgrößte KIS-Hersteller in Deutschland: Cerner will sich ebenfalls von KIS-Systemen trennen.
Club der Gesundheitswirtschaft: Richtungsweisende Projekte gewinnen Zukunftspreis
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: January 2020

Um die Potenziale der Digitalisierung im Gesundheitswesen auszuschöpfen, gilt es, innovative Ideen mit Anwendern zusammenzubringen. Wie das geht, macht der jährlich verliehene cdgw-Zukunftspreis vor. Die beiden Projekte der diesjährigen Preisträger bieten nicht nur für Kliniken und Ärzte, sondern auch für Patienten entscheidende Vorteile.
Nichtproprietäre Anästhesieplattform: Revolution in den Startlöchern
Authors: Kucera Martin
Published: January 2020

Als erstes Medizintechnikunternehmen hat die Firma Dräger mit dem Clinical Assistance Package ein Update für ihre Anästhesiearbeitsplätze auf den Markt gebracht, das den neuen Interoperabilitätsstandard SDC aktiv unterstützt. Die unscheinbare Software birgt großes Potenzial – vorausgesetzt, andere Hersteller ziehen nach.
Sprechstunde in der PR-Ambulanz: Wie gestalten wir unsere Weihnachtskarten?
Authors: Endele Kerstin
Published: January 2020

Kerstin Endele ist zur Hälfte Journalistin und zur Hälfte Biochemikerin. Seit mehr als 15 Jahren ist sie Expertin für Gesundheitskommunikation und war fünf Jahre Kommunikationschefin und Pressesprecherin der Charité. Wenn sie nicht Klinikvorstände aus Krisen rettet und Pressesprechern diverser Krankenhäuser dabei hilft, ein bisschen Strategie ins übliche Chaos zu bringen, betreibt sie mit der PR-Ambulanz (www.pr-ambulanz.com) einen der größten Blogs zur Klinikkommunikation in Deutschland.
Management of the First Patellar Dislocation: A Narrative Review
Authors: Bulgheroni Erica , Vasso Michele , Losco Michele , Di Giacomo Giovanni , Benigni Giorgio , Bertoldi Luciano , Schiavone Panni Alfredo
Published: January 2020

First patellar dislocation is a common injury of the knee, involving often adolescents and the active population. The consequences of the first episode can be various and potentially disabling. Among these, acute patellar dislocation can often result in recurrent patellar instability. Recurrent patellar instability is certainly multifactorial but depends primarily on the injury of the medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL), the major soft-tissue stabilizer of the patella. Some classifications are extremely useful in establishing the diagnosis and therapy in patellofemoral disease, in particular in terms of instability. Among those, Henri Dejour and WARPS (weak atraumatic risky anatomy pain and subluxation)/STAID (strong traumatic anatomy normal instability and dislocation) classifications are certainly the most frequently used. There is no clear agreement on the management of the first patellar dislocation. A conservative approach seems to be the first choice in most of cases, but the presence of patellar displacement or osteochondral fractures makes surgery mandatory at the beginning. In addition, there is no clear consensus on which surgical strategy should be used to approach first dislocation, in relation to the possible variation in location of the MPFL injury, and to the eventual presence of preexisting predisposing factors for patellar instability. MPFL reconstruction may theoretically be more reliable than repair, while there is no clear evidence available that osseous abnormality should be addressed after the first episode of patellar dislocation. A narrative review was conducted to report the etiology, the diagnosis and all the possible treatment options of the first patellar dislocation. Modern classifications of the patellofemoral instability were also presented.