bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disaster Training Following COVID-19 for Pediatric Medical Residents: Demand and Format
Authors: Boggs Kaitlyn , Goodwin Tress , Simpson Joelle
Published: June 2021

Objectives:

Assess the knowledge, confidence, and attitudes of residents toward disaster medicine education in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) era.

Methods:

Survey distributed to pediatric residents at a tertiary care center, assessing confidence in disaster medicine knowledge and skills, and preferred educational methods. Based on residents’ responses, virtual and in-person educational session implemented with a postsurvey to analyze effectiveness of education.

Results:

Distributed to 120 residents with a 51.6% response rate. Almost half (46.8%) of residents had less than 1 h of disaster training, with only 9.7% having experience with a prior disaster event. However, most residents were motivated to increase their knowledge of disaster medicine due to COVID-19 and other recent disasters, with 96.8% interested in this education as a curriculum standard. Simulation and peer learning were the most preferred method of teaching. Subsequent virtual and in-person educational session demonstrated improvement in confidence scores. However, 66.7% of the virtual subset conveyed they would have preferred in-person learning.

Conclusions:

COVID-19 has highlighted to trainees that disasters can affect all specialties, and pediatric residents are enthusiastic to close the educational gap of disaster medicine. However, residents stressed that, although virtual education can provide a foundation, in-person simulation is preferred for effective training.
Design, installation and commissioning of the ELI-Beamlines high-power, high-repetition rate HAPLS laser beam transport system to P3
Authors: Borneis S. , Laštovička T. , Sokol M. , Jeong T.-M. , Condamine F. , Renner O. , Tikhonchuk V. , Bohlin H. , Fajstavr A. , Hernandez J.-C. , Jourdain N. , Kumar D. , Modřanský D. , Pokorný A. , Wolf A. , Zhai S. , Korn G. , Weber S.
Published: June 2021

The design and the early commissioning of the ELI-Beamlines laser facility’s 30 J, 30 fs, 10 Hz HAPLS (High-repetition-rate Advanced Petawatt Laser System) beam transport (BT) system to the P3 target chamber are described in detail. It is the world’s first and with 54 m length, the longest distance high average power petawatt (PW) BT system ever built. It connects the HAPLS pulse compressor via the injector periscope with the 4.5 m diameter P3 target chamber of the plasma physics group in hall E3. It is the largest target chamber of the facility and was connected first to the BT system. The major engineering challenges are the required high vibration stability mirror support structures, the high pointing stability optomechanics as well as the required levels for chemical and particle cleanliness of the vacuum vessels to preserve the high laser damage threshold of the dielectrically coated high-power mirrors. A first commissioning experiment at low pulse energy shows the full functionality of the BT system to P3 and the novel experimental infrastructure.
ON GROUPS WHOSE SUBGROUPS ARE EITHER MODULAR OR CONTRANORMAL
Authors: DE MARI FAUSTO
Published: June 2021

A subgroup H of a group G is said to be contranormal in G if the normal closure of H in G is equal to G. In this paper, we consider groups whose nonmodular subgroups (of infinite rank) are contranormal.
Swarm Observations of Dawn/Dusk Asymmetries Between Pedersen Conductance in Upward and Downward Field‐Aligned Current Regions
Authors: Olifer L. , Feltman C. , Ghaffari R. , Henderson S. , Huyghebaert D. , Burchill J. , Jaynes A. N. , Knudsen D. , McWilliams K. , Moen J. I. , Spicher A. , Wu J.
Published: June 2021

The locations of region 1 and 2 field‐aligned current systems were determined using fluxgate magnetometer measurements from 875 dawn‐dusk passes of the Swarm A satellite. Within each field‐aligned current region, the ionospheric Pedersen conductance was derived from the newly corrected Swarm electric and magnetic field measurements. The Pedersen conductances are generally consistent with photoionization models. However, we show that the in situ method of determining Pedersen conductance allows for a more complete description of magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling and should be used in future studies when possible. We show that, overall, the Pedersen conductance is larger in the upward current region than in the downward region by ∼0.6 S on the dawn side of the Earth. Meanwhile, the dusk side Pedersen conductance is equivalent in both current regions. We attribute this asymmetry to dawn side energetic electron precipitation, commonly associated with substorm electron injections from the magnetotail.
Spatial Evolution of Wave‐Particle Interaction Region Deduced From Flash‐Type Auroras and Chorus‐Ray Tracing
Authors: Ozaki Mitsunori , Inoue Tomohiro , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Yagitani Satoshi , Kasahara Yoshiya , Shiokawa Kazuo , Miyoshi Yoshizumi , Imamura Kousuke , Hosokawa Keisuke , Oyama Shin‐ichiro , Kataoka Ryuho , Ebihara Yusuke , Ogawa Yasunobu , Kadokura Akira
Published: June 2021

In‐situ observations of spatial variations of the wave‐particle interaction region require a large number of satellite probes. As an alternative, flash‐type auroras, a kind of pulsating aurora, driven by discrete chorus elements, can be used to investigate the interaction region with a high spatial resolution. We estimated the spatial extent of wave‐particle interaction region from ground‐based observations of flash aurora at Gakona (62.39°N, 214.78°E), Alaska at subauroral latitudes, and found that the auroral expansion was predominantly to the low‐latitude side. The spatial displacement is thought to be caused by the propagation effects of chorus waves in the magnetosphere. Using ray tracing analysis to take into account chorus wave propagation, we reconstructed the spatiotemporal evolution of the volume emission rate and confirmed that the predominant expansion is toward the lower‐latitude side in the ionosphere. This study shows that chorus wave propagation in the magnetosphere gives new insight for characterizing the transverse size (across the geomagnetic field line) of wave‐particle interaction regions. The calculated spatial scale of the column auroral emission shows a correlation with the magnetic latitude of the resonance region at magnetic latitudes within 10° of the equatorial plane of the magnetosphere. Our results suggest that the spatial scale of a flash aurora is indirectly related to the chorus amplitude because the latitudinal range of the wave‐particle interaction is important for the growth of wave amplitude.
Maintenance power requirements of anammox bacteria “Candidatus Brocadia sinica” and “Candidatus Scalindua sp.”
Authors: Okabe Satoshi , Kamigaito Atsushi , Kobayashi Kanae
Published: June 2021

Little is known about the cell physiology of anammox bacteria growing at extremely low growth rates. Here, “Candidatus Brocadia sinica” and “Candidatus Scalindua sp.” were grown in continuous anaerobic membrane bioreactors (MBRs) with complete biomass retention to determine maintenance energy (i.e., power) requirements at near-zero growth rates. After prolonged retentostat cultivations, the specific growth rates (μ) of “Ca. B. sinica” and “Ca. Scalindua sp.” decreased to 0.000023 h−1 (doubling time of 1255 days) and 0.000157 h−1 (184 days), respectively. Under these near-zero growth conditions, substrate was continuously utilized to meet maintenance energy demands (me) of 6.7 ± 0.7 and 4.3 ± 0.7 kJ mole of biomass-C−1 h−1 for “Ca. B. sinica” and “Ca. Scalindua sp.”, which accorded with the theoretically predicted values of all anaerobic microorganisms (9.7 and 4.4 kJ mole of biomass-C−1 h−1at 37 °C and 28 °C, respectively). These me values correspond to 13.4 × 10−15 and 8.6 × 10−15 watts cell−1 for “Ca. B. sinica” and “Ca. Scalindua sp.”, which were five orders of magnitude higher than the basal power limit for natural settings (1.9 × 10−19 watts cells−1). Furthermore, the minimum substrate concentrations required for growth (Smin) were calculated to be 3.69 ± 0.21 and 0.09 ± 0.05 μM NO2− for “Ca. B. sinica” and “Ca. Scalindua sp.”, respectively. These results match the evidence that “Ca. Scalindua sp.” with lower maintenance power requirement and Smin are better adapted to energy-limited natural environments than “Ca. B. sinica”, suggesting the importance of these parameters on ecological niche differentiation in natural environments.
Thermodynamic non-ideality and disorder heterogeneity in actinide silicate solid solutions
Authors: Marcial J. , Zhang Y. , Zhao X. , Xu H. , Mesbah A. , Nienhuis E. T. , Szenknect S. , Neuefeind J. C. , Lin J. , Qi L. , Migdisov A. A. , Ewing R. C. , Dacheux N. , McCloy J. S. , Guo X.
Published: June 2021

Non-ideal thermodynamics of solid solutions can greatly impact materials degradation behavior. We have investigated an actinide silicate solid solution system (USiO4–ThSiO4), demonstrating that thermodynamic non-ideality follows a distinctive, atomic-scale disordering process, which is usually considered as a random distribution. Neutron total scattering implemented by pair distribution function analysis confirmed a random distribution model for U and Th in first three coordination shells; however, a machine-learning algorithm suggested heterogeneous U and Th clusters at nanoscale (~2 nm). The local disorder and nanosized heterogeneous is an example of the non-ideality of mixing that has an electronic origin. Partial covalency from the U/Th 5f–O 2p hybridization promotes electron transfer during mixing and leads to local polyhedral distortions. The electronic origin accounts for the strong non-ideality in thermodynamic parameters that extends the stability field of the actinide silicates in nature and under typical nuclear waste repository conditions.
Classical variational simulation of the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Medvidović Matija , Carleo Giuseppe
Published: June 2021

A key open question in quantum computing is whether quantum algorithms can potentially offer a significant advantage over classical algorithms for tasks of practical interest. Understanding the limits of classical computing in simulating quantum systems is an important component of addressing this question. We introduce a method to simulate layered quantum circuits consisting of parametrized gates, an architecture behind many variational quantum algorithms suitable for near-term quantum computers. A neural-network parametrization of the many-qubit wavefunction is used, focusing on states relevant for the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). For the largest circuits simulated, we reach 54 qubits at 4 QAOA layers, approximately implementing 324 RZZ gates and 216 RX gates without requiring large-scale computational resources. For larger systems, our approach can be used to provide accurate QAOA simulations at previously unexplored parameter values and to benchmark the next generation of experiments in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era.
Preclinical study of a novel therapeutic vaccine for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Lee Maxwell Y. , Metenou Simon , Brough Douglas E. , Sabzevari Helen , Bai Ke , Jochems Caroline , Schlom Jeffrey , Allen Clint T.
Published: June 2021

Activation of antigen-specific T-lymphocyte responses may be needed to cure disorders caused by chronic infection with low-risk human papillomavirus (lrHPV). Safe and effective adjuvant therapies for such disorders are needed. The safety and efficacy of a novel gorilla adenovirus vaccine expressing a protein designed to elicit immune responses directed against HPV6 and HPV11, PRGN-2012, was studied using in vitro stimulation of T lymphocytes from patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, in vivo vaccination studies, and therapeutic studies in mice bearing tumors expressing lrHPV antigen. PRGN-2012 treatment induces lrHPV antigen-specific responses in patient T lymphocytes. Vaccination of wild-type mice induces E6-specific T-lymphocyte responses without toxicity. In vivo therapeutic vaccination of mice bearing established HPV6 E6 expressing tumors results in HPV6 E6-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte immunity of sufficient magnitude to induce tumor growth delay. The clinical study of PRGN-2012 in patients with disorders caused by chronic infection with lrHPV is warranted.
Prediction model for early graft failure after liver transplantation using aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin and coagulation factor
Authors: Rhu Jinsoo , Kim Jong Man , Kim Kyunga , Yoo Heejin , Choi Gyu-Seong , Joh Jae-Won
Published: June 2021

This study was designed to build models predicting early graft failure after liver transplantation. Cox regression model for predicting early graft failure after liver transplantation using post-transplantation aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and international normalized ratio of prothrombin time was constructed based on data from both living donor (n = 1153) and deceased donor (n = 359) liver transplantation performed during 2004 to 2018. The model was compared with Model for Early Allograft Function Scoring (MEAF) and early allograft dysfunction (EAD) with their C-index and time-dependent area-under-curve (AUC). The C-index of the model for living donor (0.73, CI = 0.67–0.79) was significantly higher compared to those of both MEAF (0.69, P = 0.03) and EAD (0.66, P = 0.001) while C-index for deceased donor (0.74, CI = 0.65–0.83) was only significantly higher compared to C-index of EAD. (0.66, P = 0.002) Time-dependent AUC at 2 weeks of living donor (0.96, CI = 0.91–1.00) and deceased donor (0.98, CI = 0.96–1.00) were significantly higher compared to those of EAD. (both 0.83, P < 0.001 for living donor and deceased donor) Time-dependent AUC at 4 weeks of living donor (0.93, CI = 0.86–0.99) was significantly higher compared to those of both MEAF (0.87, P = 0.02) and EAD. (0.84, P = 0.02) Time-dependent AUC at 4 weeks of deceased donor (0.94, CI = 0.89–1.00) was significantly higher compared to both MEAF (0.82, P = 0.02) and EAD. (0.81, P < 0.001). The prediction model for early graft failure after liver transplantation showed high predictability and validity with higher predictability compared to traditional models for both living donor and deceased donor liver transplantation.
Life expectancy estimations and determinants of return to work among cancer survivors over a 7-year period
Authors: Chen Wei-Liang , Chen Yuan-Yuei , Wu Wei-Te , Ho Ching-Liang , Wang Chung-Ching
Published: June 2021

Due to advances in medical science and technology, the number of cancer survivors continues to increase. The workplace needs and employment difficulties cancer survivors face after treatment need to be addressed to protect these individuals’ right to work and to maintain the overall labor force of the country. We conducted a retrospective cohort study with a follow-up period from 2004 to 2010. All data analyzed in the study were obtained from the Labor Insurance Database, the Taiwan Cancer Registry of the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the National Health Insurance Research Database. The relationships between risk factors and the presence of returning to work were analyzed by a Cox proportional hazard model. The survival rates of patients with different cancer stages were evaluated using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Among the employees with an initial diagnosis of cancer, 70.4% remained employed through 1 year after the diagnosis, accounting for 83.4% of all cancer survivors; only 51.1% remained employed through 5 years after the diagnosis, accounting for 78.7% of all cancer survivors, a notable decrease. Age, gender, salary, treatment method, company size, and cancer stage were the factors that affected whether employees could return to work or not. The long-term survival of people diagnosed with cancer depends on their chances of returning to work. Strengthening existing return-to-work policies and assisting cancer survivors with returning to work after the treatment should be priorities for protecting these individuals’ right to work and for maintaining the overall labor force.
The LIM domain protein nTRIP6 modulates the dynamics of myogenic differentiation
Authors: Norizadeh Abbariki Tannaz , Gonda Zita , Kemler Denise , Urbanek Pavel , Wagner Tabea , Litfin Margarethe , Wang Zhao-Qi , Herrlich Peter , Kassel Olivier
Published: June 2021

The process of myogenesis which operates during skeletal muscle regeneration involves the activation of muscle stem cells, the so-called satellite cells. These then give rise to proliferating progenitors, the myoblasts which subsequently exit the cell cycle and differentiate into committed precursors, the myocytes. Ultimately, the fusion of myocytes leads to myofiber formation. Here we reveal a role for the transcriptional co-regulator nTRIP6, the nuclear isoform of the LIM-domain protein TRIP6, in the temporal control of myogenesis. In an in vitro model of myogenesis, the expression of nTRIP6 is transiently up-regulated at the transition between proliferation and differentiation, whereas that of the cytosolic isoform TRIP6 is not altered. Selectively blocking nTRIP6 function results in accelerated early differentiation followed by deregulated late differentiation and fusion. Thus, the transient increase in nTRIP6 expression appears to prevent premature differentiation. Accordingly, knocking out the Trip6 gene in satellite cells leads to deregulated skeletal muscle regeneration dynamics in the mouse. Thus, dynamic changes in nTRIP6 expression contributes to the temporal control of myogenesis.
A subset of lung cancer cases shows robust signs of homologous recombination deficiency associated genomic mutational signatures
Authors: Diossy Miklos , Sztupinszki Zsofia , Borcsok Judit , Krzystanek Marcin , Tisza Viktoria , Spisak Sandor , Rusz Orsolya , Timar Jozsef , Csabai István , Fillinger Janos , Moldvay Judit , Pedersen Anders Gorm , Szuts David , Szallasi Zoltan
Published: June 2021

PARP inhibitors are approved for the treatment of solid tumor types that frequently harbor alterations in the key homologous recombination (HR) genes, BRCA1/2. Other tumor types, such as lung cancer, may also be HR deficient, but the frequency of such cases is less well characterized. Specific DNA aberration profiles (mutational signatures) are induced by homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and their presence can be used to assess the presence or absence of HR deficiency in a given tumor biopsy even in the absence of an observed alteration of an HR gene. We derived various HRD-associated mutational signatures from whole-genome and whole-exome sequencing data in the lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous carcinoma cases from TCGA, and in a patient of ours with stage IVA lung cancer with exceptionally good response to platinum-based therapy, and in lung cancer cell lines. We found that a subset of the investigated cases, both with and without biallelic loss of BRCA1 or BRCA2, showed robust signs of HR deficiency. The extreme platinum responder case also showed a robust HRD-associated genomic mutational profile. HRD-associated mutational signatures were also associated with PARP inhibitor sensitivity in lung cancer cell lines. Consequently, lung cancer cases with HRD, as identified by diagnostic mutational signatures, may benefit from PARP inhibitor therapy.
Timed daily exercise remodels circadian rhythms in mice
Authors: Hughes Alun Thomas Lloyd , Samuels Rayna Eve , Baño-Otálora Beatriz , Belle Mino David Charles , Wegner Sven , Guilding Clare , Northeast Rebecca Catrin , Loudon Andrew Stewart Irvine , Gigg John , Piggins Hugh David
Published: June 2021

Regular exercise is important for physical and mental health. An underexplored and intriguing property of exercise is its actions on the body’s 24 h or circadian rhythms. Molecular clock cells in the brain’s suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) use electrical and chemical signals to orchestrate their activity and convey time of day information to the rest of the brain and body. To date, the long-lasting effects of regular physical exercise on SCN clock cell coordination and communication remain unresolved. Utilizing mouse models in which SCN intercellular neuropeptide signaling is impaired as well as those with intact SCN neurochemical signaling, we examined how daily scheduled voluntary exercise (SVE) influenced behavioral rhythms and SCN molecular and neuronal activities. We show that in mice with disrupted neuropeptide signaling, SVE promotes SCN clock cell synchrony and robust 24 h rhythms in behavior. Interestingly, in both intact and neuropeptide signaling deficient animals, SVE reduces SCN neural activity and alters GABAergic signaling. These findings illustrate the potential utility of regular exercise as a long-lasting and effective non-invasive intervention in the elderly or mentally ill where circadian rhythms can be blunted and poorly aligned to the external world.
Adaptive bidirectional extracellular electron transfer during accelerated microbiologically influenced corrosion of stainless steel
Authors: Li Ziyu , Chang Weiwei , Cui Tianyu , Xu Dake , Zhang Dawei , Lou Yuntian , Qian Hongchang , Song Hao , Mol Arjan , Cao Fahe , Gu Tingyue , Li Xiaogang
Published: June 2021

Microbiologically influenced corrosion of metals is prevalent in both natural and industrial environments, causing enormous structural damage and economic loss. Exactly how microbes influence corrosion remains controversial. Here, we show that the pitting corrosion of stainless steel is accelerated in the presence of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 biofilm by extracellular electron transfer between the bacterial cells and the steel electrode, mediated by a riboflavin electron shuttle. From pitting measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Mott-Schottky analyses, the addition of an increased amount of riboflavin is found to induce a more defective passive film on the stainless steel. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveals that enhanced bioanodic and biocathodic process can both promote the corrosion of the stainless steel. Using in situ scanning electrochemical microscopy, we observe that extracellular electron transfer between the bacterium and the stainless steel is bidirectional in nature and switchable depending on the passive or active state of the steel surface.
Photoacclimation by phytoplankton determines the distribution of global subsurface chlorophyll maxima in the ocean
Authors: Masuda Yoshio , Yamanaka Yasuhiro , Smith Sherwood Lan , Hirata Takafumi , Nakano Hideyuki , Oka Akira , Sumata Hiroshi
Published: June 2021

Subsurface chlorophyll maxima are widely observed in the ocean, and they often occur at greater depths than maximum phytoplankton biomass. However, a consistent mechanistic explanation for their distribution in the global ocean remains lacking. One possible mechanism is photoacclimation, whereby phytoplankton adjust their cellular chlorophyll content in response to environmental conditions. Here, we incorporate optimality-based photoacclimation theory based on resource allocation trade-off between nutrient uptake and light harvesting capacity into a 3D biogeochemical ocean circulation model to determine the influence of resource allocation strategy on phytoplankton chlorophyll to carbon ratio distributions. We find that photoacclimation is a common driving mechanism that consistently explains observed global scale patterns in the depth and intensity of subsurface chlorophyll maxima across ocean regions. This mechanistic link between cellular-scale physiological responses and the global scale chlorophyll distribution can inform interpretation of ocean observations and projections of phytoplankton responses to climate change.
One-step fabrication of bimetallic CuCoOS as an efficient catalyst for Cr(vi) reduction
Authors: Li Xueqing , Chen Dongyun , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Hua , He Jinghui , Lu Jianmei
Published: June 2021

A one-step synthesis method of bimetallic CuCoOS is reported, and the morphology and structure of the catalyst are designed by changing the molar ratio of Cu and Co. The CuCoOS can effectively treat Cr(vi) in wastewater in a dark environment.
Towards the understanding of halogenation in peptide hydrogels: a quantum chemical approach
Authors: Bettens Tom , Lacanau Valentin , Van Lommel Ruben , De Maeseneer Tess , Vandeplassche Wouter , Bertouille Jolien , Brancart Joost , Barlow Thomas M. A. , Woller Tatiana , Van den Brande Niko , Moldenaers Paula , De Proft Frank , Madder Annemieke , Hoogenboom Richard , Martin Charlotte , Ballet Steven , Alonso Mercedes
Published: June 2021

Halogenation matters! The stacking between phenylalanine side chains can be tuned by halogen atoms attached to the aromatic ring. Herein, computational data are successfully applied in the design of peptide hydrogels with increased stiffness.
Photoredox initiated azole-nucleophilic addition: oxo-azolation ofgem-difluoroalkenes
Authors: Wu Xing , Ma Guojian , Peng Xichao , Ning Zuozhou , Lin Zirun , Chen Xiaoguang , Tang Yu , Feng Pengju
Published: June 2021

A protocol for photoredox initiated oxo-azolation of gem-difluoroalkenes has been demonstrated. The strategy offers a facile access to a series of synthetically useful azolated difluoroacetonarenes and tolerates a wide range of functional groups.
Effect of roasting temperature on lipid and protein oxidation and amino acid residue side chain modification of beef patties
Authors: Xia Chao , Wen Pingping , Yuan Yaming , Yu Xiaofan , Chen Yijing , Xu Huiqing , Cui Guiyou , Wang Jun
Published: June 2021

The relative number of peptides modified by the amino acid residues of actin from raw beef patties and those cooked at different roasting temperatures.
Oort cloud Ecology
Authors: Portegies Zwart Simon , Torres Santiago , Cai Maxwell X. , Brown Anthony G. A.
Published: June 2021

Jan Hendrik Oort hypothesized the existence of a distant cloud of cometary objects that orbit the Sun based on a spike in the reciprocal orbital separation at 1∕a  ≲  10−4au−1. The Oort cloud is the source of long-period comets, but has not been observed directly, and its origin remains theoretical. Theories on its origin evoke a sequence of events that have been tested individually but never as a consistent chronology. We present a chronology of the formation and early evolution of the Oort cloud, and test the sequence of events by simulating the formation process in subsequent amalgamated steps. These simulations start with the Solar System being born with planets and asteroids in a stellar cluster orbiting the Galactic center. Upon ejection from its birth environment, we continue to follow the evolution of the Solar System while it navigates the Galaxy as an isolated planetary system. We conclude that the range in semi-major axis between ~100 au and several ~103au still bears the signatures of the Sun being born in a ≳1000M⊙pc−3star cluster, and that most of the outer Oort cloud formed after the Solar System was ejected. The ejection of the Solar System, we argue, happened between ~20 Myr and 50 Myr after its birth. Trailing and leading trails of asteroids and comets along the Sun’s orbit in the Galactic potential are the by-product of the formation of the Oort cloud. These arms are composed of material that became unbound from the Solar System when the Oort cloud formed. Today, the bulk of the material in the Oort cloud (~70%) originates from the region in the circumstellar disk that was located between ~15 au and ~35 au, near the current location of the ice giants and the Centaur family of asteroids. According to our simulations, this population is eradicated if the ice-giant planets are born in orbital resonance. Planet migration or chaotic orbital reorganization occurring while the Solar System is still a cluster member is, according to our model, inconsistent with the presence of the Oort cloud. About half the inner Oort cloud, between 100 and 104au, and a quarter of the material in the outer Oort cloud, ≳104au, could be non-native to the Solar System but was captured from free-floating debris in the cluster or from the circumstellar disks of other stars in the birth cluster. Characterizing this population will help us to reconstruct the history of the Solar System.
One-dimensional wave equation with set-valued boundary damping: well-posedness, asymptotic stability, and decay rates
Authors: Chitour Yacine , Marx Swann , Mazanti Guilherme
Published: June 2021

This paper is concerned with the analysis of a one dimensional wave equation ztt − zxx = 0 on [0, 1] with a Dirichlet condition at x = 0 and a damping acting at x = 1 which takes the form (zt(t, 1), −zx(t, 1)) ∈ Σ for every t ≥ 0, where Σ is a given subset of ℝ2. The study is performed within an Lp functional framework, p ∈ [1, +∞]. We aim at determining conditions on Σ ensuring existence and uniqueness of solutions of that wave equation as well as strong stability and uniform global asymptotic stability of its solutions. In the latter case, we also study the decay rates of the solutions and their optimality. We first establish a one-to-one correspondence between the solutions of that wave equation and the iterated sequences of a discrete-time dynamical system in terms of which we investigate the above mentioned issues. This enables us to provide a simple necessary and sufficient condition on Σ ensuring existence and uniqueness of solutions of the wave equation as well as an efficient strategy for determining optimal decay rates when Σ verifies a generalized sector condition. As an application, we solve two conjectures stated in the literature, the first one seeking a specific optimal decay rate and the second one associated with a saturation type of damping. In case the boundary damping is subject to perturbations, we derive sharp results regarding asymptotic perturbation rejection and input-to-state issues.
Local artistic style formation in urban environment design
Authors: Mikhailov Sergey , Mikhailova Aleksandrina , Nadyrshine Neil , Koshkin Dmitry , Egorov Danila
Published: June 2021

The article presents the corporate style as the leading project method in design in XXth century and its use in the design of the urban environment in the form of a local architectural and artistic style of the ensemble. It has become widespread in the organization of pedestrian streets in urban centers as a means of stylistic harmonization of diverse buildings and increasing the artistic expressiveness of the spatial ensemble. The striking example is the reconstruction of the Nikolayviertel in Berlin and his development into a territorial brand. At the same time, the graphic, artistic and stylistic accompaniment of the territorial brand became a logical continuation and development of its local architectural and artistic style, embedded in the architectural context, enhancing its imaginative component and the general artistic «positive». The modern post-industrial society brings with it changes that have affected the artistic and aesthetic qualities of the environment. Instead of an «open-air museum» with a clearly organized historical and architectural exposition, the visitor is offered a «settled» and a little shabby in the «shabby chic» style urban environment with picturesque green corners of cafes and restaurants.
The emergence and development of transport hubs in Russia
Authors: Shaimardanova Camilla , Prokofiev Evgeny
Published: June 2021

The transport interchange hubs development (TIH) has recently become an important urban issue. In our country, this problem being quite new is determined by urban planning approaches aimed at solving it. The transport hub includes a complex of several transport modes performing operations for servicing transit, local and urban transportation of goods and passengers.
Temporary identification style of urban areas
Authors: Koshkin Dmitry , Kudryasheva Elena , Khafizov Rafik , Salyakhutdinov Rishat , Ibragimova Ainaz
Published: June 2021

This article introduces a new concept of ‘temporary identification style of urban areas’ into design terminology and thoroughly considers the features of the term ‘city identification style’ and related concepts. Such types of identification style as the temporary style of an event and the permanent style of a place are analysed. Both of the concepts are considered on the example of the city of Kazan, as in 2017 Kazan has applied for World Design Capital (WDC) status. Different identification style elements expressed in the means of visual communication within the urban environment were systematised, such as art objects, small architectural forms, banners, signboards, flags, and unique landscaping. The city’s temporary identification style creation and implementation principles were developed. Thereby, each concept corresponds to one of the principles formulated, as follows: urban space refers to the principle of actualisation and temporary thematic renewal of the external appearance of the urban environment; urban infrastructure – to the principle of harmonising the city’s subject-spatial environment; cultural life – to the principle of public involvement in creating the urban environment image; the sphere of urban governance and social partnership – to the principle of city management and development through design; informing and information promoting is the principle of implementing design into everyday life.
Formation factors of the architecture of multi-level public spaces on the example of the countries of North America and Asia
Authors: Pokka Ekaterina , Ponomarev Evgeny , Timakova Viktoria
Published: June 2021

The goal of the study is to identify characteristic features of multilevel public spaces (MPS’s) and perspectives of their development, based on complex analysis of their formation in the late 20thto early 21st centuries.Authors were able to identify architectural planning factors of MPS formation and functioning in North America and Asia by summarizing the experience in creation of multilevel public spaces by architectural planning means.
Preserving identity while reorganizing urban spaces
Authors: Stepanchuk Alena , Salyakhova Margarita , Salyakhova Victoria
Published: June 2021

The article discusses the issues of preserving the local identity of urban areas, identifying its tangible and intangible components during the reorganization of open public spaces. The concept of festivalization of space, as a way of reflecting the intangible aspects of the history of the territory, as well as adding or changing the scenario of using the urban environment, is disclosed. The classification of temporary architectural structures, which are an integral part of the process of festivalization of public spaces, is proposed. The territory chosen for the study was a park in Kazan which has a rich history and was reorganized. In the study of the territory, general scientific methods, methods of field research, of interdisciplinary synthesis, analysis of participatory design’s results, as well as demographic, urban planning analysis were used. The complex of the carried-out studies made it possible to identify the problems and resources of the territory. The results of the study are recommendations for the formation of public urban spaces, taking into account local identity, preserving the function of socio-cultural interaction of residents, organizing scenario use by means of festivalization with the inclusion of temporary architectural structures.
The identity of architectural and lighting solutions of stone mosques of the late XVIII – early XX centuries in Kazan
Authors: Rachkova Olga , Khabibulina Albina
Published: June 2021

The work aims to analyze the influence of translucent fences on the light environment in the prayer hall and internal premises with the traditional volumetric-spatial solution of stone mosques of the late XVIII - early ХХ centuries in Kazan (Republic of Tatarstan, Russia). Based on the study of stone mosques in Kazan it was revealed that the main factor was the creation of a complete architectural image of the mosque following the temporary style and solution of the internal light environment through windows and stained-glass windows. Windows and stained-glass windows were scaled using architectural elements and decor for the holistic perception of the object. The significance of the obtained results for architecture is to present recommendations for the organic use of the studied techniques and methods of work on the objects of the architectural heritage in the restoration and design of modern mosques.
The concept of creating a form-based code of Zelenodolsk
Authors: Zakirova Yulia , Latypova Maria , Gafurova Svetlana
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify and compare territorial zones, volumetric-spatial characteristics of buildings and the peculiarities of the formation of open public spaces in Zelenodolsk. The main results of the study are that a comprehensive urban planning analysis was carried out, on the basis of which the features of the formation of territorial zones in the city were revealed, the boundaries of spatial-environmental morphotypes, their environmental features were identified, and the specificity of the formation of a design code for different areas of the city was determined. The significance of the results obtained for architecture and urban planning lies in the fact that the concept of the form-based code developed in the study for Zelenodolsk can become the basis for updating (or updating) urban planning documents (Local standards for urban planning, General plan, urban planning regulations, City beautification rules). The method of identifying and forming spatial-environmental morphotypes in the city is also of great importance, as the basis for creating a form-based code for Russian small and medium-sized industrial cities.
Standards for achieving a comfortable design for the Alzheimer's patients pathways
Authors: Alshawaf Radwan , Krasnobaev Ivan
Published: June 2021

The elderly is an essential part of society because of their interaction with their surrounding environment and their personal experiences. They were categorized into several levels based on the physiological and psychological needs. Alzheimer's patients constitute a good percentage within society, but there is no accurate data. In cases where the patient suffers from a progressive lack of spatial awareness, studies have developed several criteria to study semi-open spaces intended for the elderly. However, it did not set design standards. Consequently, this paper examines the design standards and requirements for Alzheimer's patients. It is a virtual practical study that simulates optimal standards.
Italia 2090. Post-Urban/Super-Urban
Authors: Mucciolo Laura
Published: June 2021

The significant put in crisis related to city, coupled to the renewed attention in confront of extra-urban context (inner territories), has rekindled the spotlights on countryside, as to semi-inhabited land, even to re-encode. This research is proposed to foreshadow a possible interpretative key on next future’s inhabit (under specific conditions), in the light of some visible changes which have already flourished in the Now, by using project as checking exercise of theorical research. Verona is scientific test bench, in which dualism city-countryside vanishes to the advancing of the wide and dense definition of «post-urban landscape». A vegetal-built basement, that radiates its tentacles in open/not-bound field, renewed cathedral protectress of life and evolution, structured (with project’s rules) with Super-Cartesian layers giving rise to a Hyper-rational mesh, jeopardized from obsessive and frequent interference. Chameleon monoliths, fixed objects in Continuous Movement as paradoxical reply to mutual adaptation’s dwelling, in which «not the strongest will survive, but the most suitable». This ability to adaptations is the key point on tomorrow’s questions, according to inhabiting as a form of «stamina», without that the rigid streamlining reduced dwelling to legislative and tabular count; but, going back to crucial questions involving, will always involve, the first and the last man. Psychedelic spatiality in which techè, shape and response line up in restless and controversial out-of-scales, as skeletal membranes. Super-Architectures, as total tool for life’s governance, unusual and redundant, last devices that translate culture and society’s knowledge.
Empirical study of the mental representation of the image of the city (on the example of Kazan and Naberezhnye Chelny)
Authors: Latypova Maria , Mingalimova Elvira , Rubtsova Angelina , Tazov Arthur
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study is to identify the formed image of the territory in the perception of its inhabitants, using empirical research data for this. The main results of the study are that a comprehensive analysis of the mental representation of the urban space was carried out, on the basis of which the key elements of the image of the territory, the boundaries of the vernacular districts of the city, their urbanonymy were identified, as well as the significant role of urban open public spaces in the formation of the image of the territory. The authors come to the conclusion about the peculiarities of building images of cities, centered on symbolically significant elements and spaces that act as anchors for forming the image of a city in the perception of residents, attaching the population to the territory and constructing local identity.
Astronomical Observatory as an identifier of the architectural ensemble of Kazan Imperial University
Authors: Nadyrova Khanifa
Published: June 2021

In the article, the author examines the building of the Astronomical Observatory (1833-1837), which was a part of the architectural ensemble of Kazan Imperial University in the first third of the 19th-early 20th centuries (now – Kazan Federal University). The primary purpose of the study is to identify the specific features of the university ensemble. The task is to set the value of the Astronomical Observatory as the basic identifier of the ensemble. The research methodology is based on the theory of identity in architecture and urban planning and the application of a systematic analysis of the ensemble and its components. The author determined the importance of the Astronomical Observatory's building in the university ensemble in the context of the theory of identity. The features of the space-planning solution of the observatory building, its placement in the city landscape, and its great importance in the formation and development of astronomical science in Kazan allow us to conclude that the Astronomical Observatory was one of the identifiers of Kazan Imperial University ensemble. The significance of the research results lies in the development of the theory of identity when one of the objects of the ensemble becomes its identification code.
Road safety research in a safety audit
Authors: Mukhametshina Rumiya , Zagidullin Ramil
Published: June 2021

The article reviews the option of how to make the top pavement of asphalt-concrete mixture adhere reliably to the base, which is the underlying cement-concrete coating. The bitumen-latex emulsion is suggested as a binder for the two pavement layers.
Modification of bituminous binders for guss asphalt
Authors: Vysotskaya Marina , Kurlykina Anastasia , Shiryaev Artem , Tkacheva Anna , Litovchenko Dmitry
Published: June 2021

Over the past few years, the research of the use of cast asphalt concrete mixtures in the upper layers of the coating of bridge structures has been actively carried out. The experience gained allows us to conclude that one of the most common effective ways to improve the durability and thermal stability of cast asphalt concrete pavements is the use of modified bituminous binders. The modified bitumen part of cast asphalt concrete acts as a medium capable of initiating the «self-healing» of the composite, independently eliminating structural defects. This study aims to research the rheological characteristics of modified bituminous binders. Bitumen grade BND 50/70 was used as a raw material in the study; the following types of additives were used as its modifiers: rubber modifier (RM), EVATHERM and SBS. The optimal concentrations of the proposed additives for modification allowing to achieve the effect of structuring the mastic component of cast asphalt concrete with insignificant increases in the temperatures of mixing and compaction of mixtures based on them have been revealed.
Bank destruction in the middle section of the Amudarya River
Authors: Bazarov Dilshod , Norkulov Bekhzod , Vokhidov Oybek , Jamalov Farkhod , Kurbanov Azizali , Rayimova Ikboloy
Published: June 2021

The paper presents the results of a full-scale study of the banks destruction in the middle section of the Amudarya River. The article presents the main factors of coastal destruction during floods and low water periods. Recommendations for the protection of banks from erosion are also developed. As a result of studies of the intensive local re-formation process of an easily washed-out channel, the plan for hydraulic schemes for the occurrence of local erosion of the coast both with a steady and unsteady movement in an open flow was developed.
Calculations of the rigidity and the strength of concrete filled steel deck diaphragms
Authors: Efimov Oleg , Gimranov Linur , Fattakhova Alsou
Published: June 2021

Calculations of horizontal loads such as wind are required even for low-rise buildings. With stores number increasing their influence increases. The horizontal loads are perceived by the flooring discs. Steelreinforced concrete floors with profiled decking are most often used in steel frame buildings. Floor slabs and frame’s joint work is ensured by shear studs. The article discusses a shear studs’ stress determining method from horizontal load. There are different slab supporting variants: slap supported on two sides and along slab's perimeter. The goal was to determine shear stress in each flexible stop. The tasks were solved by calculating and by computing. Then the results were compared. Therefore, the resulting formula allows determining shear stresses not only in square slab but in rectangular ones too. Shear stress knowledge in the studs allows to determinate frames’ displacements by horizontal loads. Frame displaces relative to the floor slab due to studs shear and flexibility. The derived displacements determining formula takes into account shear deformations and anchor compliance in different directions. Herewithin the article, proposed displacements formula is not checked, but only the components determining a method is proposed.
Structural solution of the horizontal joint of floor slabs in girderless frame
Authors: Mironova Juliya
Published: June 2021

Despite the widespread use of monolithic construction, precast concrete remains in demand in the construction of residential and administrative buildings. Regardless of the advantages in technology and the quality of work, it is necessary and appropriate to modernize the existing design solutions, which allows you to simplify and speed up the technological operations during construction. Moreover, in the construction of complex nodes and joints, the qualification of workers is important, so simplifying the work without losing the quality of construction and ensuring strength, stability and durability is an important task. This problem can be solved by using modern embedded parts in the joints that do not require welding and other complex technological operations. In this paper, a constructive solution of the horizontal joint of the floor slabs located in the zone of action of minimal forces is proposed on the example of a girderless frame. The purpose of the study is to determine the stress-strain state of the proposed structural solution of the horizontal joint of floor slabs using loopshaped embedded parts «PFEIFER» and to develop recommendations for determining the shear compliance. Based on the analysis of the results of numerical modeling, the features of the stress-strain state of the joint during shear operation are revealed. The results obtained can be used in the design of buildings with precast-monolithic ringless frames, in the modernization of existing standard solutions of precast-monolithic frames, as well as other load-bearing systems made of precast concrete.