bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of genetic variants with skin pigmentation phenotype among populations of west Maharashtra, India
Authors: Jonnalagadda Manjari , Norton Heather , Ozarkar Shantanu , Kulkarni Shaunak , Ashma Richa
Published: February 2016

Objectives

South Asians exhibit extensive variation in skin melanin index (MI) which is observed across the broader region of South Asia as well as within restricted geographic regions. However, the genetic variants associated with variation in the skin pigmentation phenotype are poorly understood in these populations. The present study examines the association between MI measures and genetic variants from 5 candidate pigmentation genes among 533 individuals representing 6 populations of West Maharashtra.

Methods

Associations between five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) known to play a role in pigmentation (rs1426654‐SLC24A5, rs1042602‐TYR, rs16891982‐SLC45A2, rs6058017‐ASIP, and rs642742‐KITLG) and MI measures were tested using standard one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) within each population. Multiple linear regression was used to test the effects of these SNPs in the full West Maharashtra sample using sex, age, and population or social group as covariates.

Results

rs1426654 showed significant association with MI in all six study populations (P < 0.01). Association tests using sex, age, and population as covariates showed rs1426654 and rs1042602 to be significantly (P < 0.01) associated with lighter skin pigmentation in West Maharashtra as a whole. By contrast, when social group was added as a covariate instead of population, rs1426654, rs1042602, and rs16891982 were significantly (P < 0.01) associated with lighter skin pigmentation.

Conclusions

Only rs1426654 is significantly associated with MI in each individual population; however, rs1426654, rs1042602, and rs16891982 are significantly associated with pigmentation in the broader West Maharashtra region after controlling for population and social group, with rs1426654 (SLC24A5) explaining the majority of the observed variation. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:610–618, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient Synthesis of Indole Derivatives via Tandem Cyclization Catalyzed by Magnetically Recoverable Palladium/Magnetite (Pd‐Fe3O4) Nanocrystals
Authors: Kwon Jungmin , Chung Jooyoung , Byun Sangmoon , Kim B. Moon
Published: February 2016

A magnetically recyclable Pd‐Fe3O4 heterodimeric nanocrystal system has been utilized as a catalyst for an efficient synthesis of 2‐substituted indoles from 2‐haloanilines. The synthesis involves the Sonogashira coupling reaction of a 2‐haloaniline and an alkyne followed by the tandem cyclization of the resulting Sonogashira product to give indole derivatives in the presence of 1 mol % of Pd‐Fe3O4 nanocrystals and one equivalent of CuI. The Pd‐Fe3O4 nanocrystals were recovered with an external magnet and used up to ten times without loss of their catalytic activity.
Capture CO2 from Ambient Air Using Nanoconfined Ion Hydration
Authors: Shi Xiaoyang , Xiao Hang , Lackner Klaus S. , Chen Xi
Published: February 2016

Water confined in nanoscopic pores is essential in determining the energetics of many physical and chemical systems. Herein, we report a recently discovered unconventional, reversible chemical reaction driven by water quantities in nanopores. The reduction of the number of water molecules present in the pore space promotes the hydrolysis of CO32− to HCO3− and OH−. This phenomenon led to a nano‐structured CO2 sorbent that binds CO2 spontaneously in ambient air when the surrounding is dry, while releasing it when exposed to moisture. The underlying mechanism is elucidated theoretically by computational modeling and verified by experiments. The free energy of CO32− hydrolysis in nanopores reduces with a decrease of water availability. This promotes the formation of OH−, which has a high affinity to CO2. The effect is not limited to carbonate/bicarbonate, but is extendable to a series of ions. Humidity‐driven sorption opens a new approach to gas separation technology.
New polymer to enhance the permanent memory effect of polymer dispersed liquid crystal films
Authors: Mouquinho Ana , Luís Nélia , Sotomayor João
Published: February 2016

Conventional polymer dispersed liquid crystals (PDLC) are devices with recognized applications. New PDLCs with permanent memory effect (PME) can be used as digital memory devices. The synthesis and characterization of a new monomer [pentaerythritoltetramethacrylate (PE4MA)] is here described. A PDLC was produced using the synthesized monomer (PE4MA) copolymerized with commercially available monomethacrylate oligomer poly(propyleneglycol) methacrylate (PPGMA) and 70% (w/w) liquid crystal (E7), showing 98% permanent memory effect, with 72% memory state contrast (MSC) and an electric field required to achieve 90% of the maximum transmittance (E90) of 3 V µm−1. The synthesized monomer (PE4MA) copolymerized with PPGMA seems to be a prospective material for preparation of PDLC with permanent memory effect with a view to application for digital memory devices based on write‐read‐erase cycles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43482.
Synthesis, characterization, and curing behavior of carborane‐containing benzoxazine resins with excellent thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability
Authors: Qi Shicheng , Wang Hongrui , Han Guo , Yang Zhen , Zhang Xiao A , Jiang Shengling , Lu Yafei
Published: February 2016

Two benzoxazine precursors bearing carborane moiety (1 and 2) were designed and synthesized successfully by the Mannich reaction of corresponding carborane bisphenol (3 and 4) with aniline and formaldehyde in 1,4‐dioxane. The obtained precursors were characterized by using multiple spectroscopic techniques including GPC, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 11B NMR. Nonisothermal DSC studies showed that precursor 1 owned lower apparent activation energies (Ea) than 2. The optimum curing processes of benzoxazine precursors were also obtained on the basis of DSC data. TGA analyses manifested that the incorporation of carborane moiety endowed the obtained benzoxazine resins (cured 1 and 2) with excellent thermal stability and unique thermo‐oxidative stability. The Td data showed that the initial degradation of both cured 1 and 2 under nitrogen and air was postponed to some extent owing to the shielding effect of carborane moiety on adjacent organic fragments. At higher temperature three‐dimensional polymer networks with B‐O‐B and B–C linkages were formed as chars by the reaction of carborane cage with atmospheric moisture, degradation products such as phenolic hydroxyl, and oxygen (under air). Under nitrogen this network hindered the motion of radicals formed at elevated temperature and thus inhibited further polymer degradation processes. While under air, the formed boron‐rich networks could hardly be further oxidized into carbon dioxide so that the carborane‐containing benzoxazine resins also showed very high char yields. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43488.
Effects of processing parameters on the properties of microwave‐devulcanized ground tire rubber/polyethylene dynamically revulcanized blends
Authors: Danielli Bastos de Sousa Fabiula , Scuracchio Carlos Henrique , Hu Guo‐Hua , Hoppe Sandrine
Published: February 2016

This work aimed to evaluate the effects of processing parameters on properties of dynamically revulcanized blends based on 60 wt % of devulcanized ground tire rubber (GTR) and 40 wt % of high density polyethylene (HDPE). Devulcanization of the GTR was carried out in a system comprised of a conventional microwave oven adapted with a motorized stirring system with speed control. The resulting devulcanized GTR contained 26 wt % soluble in toluene. It was processed with HDPE in a twin screw extruder to produce a dynamically revulcanized blend. Processing parameters such as screw speed and feeding mode were varied. Their effects were evaluated based on tensile, dynamic mechanical, thermal and rheological properties, as well as on morphology. The results show the importance of the processing parameters involved in the production of blends with dynamically revulcanized rubber phase in the extruder, and good match between the residence time of the rubber and its revulcanization kinetics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43503.
Nonmonotonic piezoresistive effect in elastomeric composite films
Authors: Paliy M. , Trebicky T. , Guo Q. , Kobe B. , Suhan N. , Arsenault G. , Ferrari L. , Yang J.
Published: February 2016

We compared the change of electrical resistance with elongation (piezoresistive effect) in thin films made of conductive multiwalled carbon nanotubes embedded in eight different elastomers. Two distinct forms of piezoresistive effect were observed: (i) in the “monotonic” (M) case, the film resistance always increased with the applied strain; (ii) the “nonmonotonic” (NM) case showed an initial increase in the resistance, while with further elongation the resistance began to decrease. By varying the amount of nitrile and/or styrene groups in the polymer matrix one can alter the piezoresistive effect qualitatively: composites with ∼25 wt % or more of nitrile or styrene functional side groups exhibited M piezoresistance, while others, with no, or methyl side groups only, showed NM piezoresistance. Influence of the second filler (either conductive carbon black or nonconductive nanoclay) in the ternary composites on the piezoresistive effect was explored. The possibility to modify the piezoresistive behavior of the conductive elastomer composites, for example, via chemical modification of the polymeric matrix, opens up a new venue for practical applications such as diverse types of sensors and, in NM case, complex dynamical systems (bistable elements, electromechanical oscillators, etc.) in the MEMS field. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43518.
The Skull of Phyllomedusa sauvagii (Anura, Hylidae)
Authors: Ruiz‐Monachesi Mario R. , Lavilla Esteban O. , Montero Ricardo
Published: February 2016

The hylid genus Phyllomedusa comprises charismatic frogs commonly known as monkey, leaf or green frogs, and is the most diverse genus of the subfamily Phyllomedusinae, including about 31 species. Although there is some information about the anatomy of these frogs, little is known about the osteology. Here the adult skull of Phyllomedusa sauvagii, both articulated and disarticulated, is described and the intraspecific variation is reported. Additionally, cartilage associated with the adult skull, such as the nasal capsules, auditory apparatus, and hyobranchial apparatus, are included in the analysis. Further examination of disarticulated bones reveals their remarkable complexity, specifically in the sphenethmoid and of the oocipital region. The description of disarticulated bones is useful for the identification of fossil remains as well as providing morphological characteristics that are phylogenetically informative. When comparing the skull morphology with the available information of other species of the genus, Phyllomesusa sauvagii skull resembles more that of P. vaillantii and P. venusta than P. atelopoides. Anat Rec, 299:557–572, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fabrication of High‐Energy Li‐Ion Cells with Li4Ti5O12 Microspheres as Anode and 0.5 Li2MnO3⋅0.5 LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 Microspheres as Cathode
Authors: Dai Chenguang , Ye Jing , Zhao Shiyong , He Ping , Zhou Haoshen
Published: February 2016

In this work, we propose an effective way to prepare nanosized Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) microspheres and 0.5 Li2MnO3⋅0.5 LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 (NCM) microspheres by similar spray‐drying methods. Both obtained materials are accumulated by primary nanoparticles and show a spherical morphology with particle distribution of 10–20 μm. The LTO microspheres deliver a tap density of 1.04 g cm−3, while the tap density of NCM microspheres is 2.07 g cm−3, which means an enhanced volumetric energy density. The as‐prepared LTO microspheres have a reversible capacity of 170 mA h g−1 at 0.1 C and a capacity retention of 97 % after 250 cycles at 1 C. The NCM microspheres have an initial discharge capacity of 270 mA h g−1 with a corresponding Coulombic efficiency of 88 % at 0.03 C. Both materials show a relatively good rate capability. The Li4Ti5O12/0.5 Li2MnO3⋅0.5 LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 cells deliver a high cathode specific capacity of 273 mA h g−1 and good initial Coulombic efficiency of 88 % at 0.03 C, and can be developed for powering hybrid and plug‐in hybrid vehicles.
Advection errors in an orthogonal terrain‐following coordinate: idealized 2‐D experiments using steep terrains
Authors: Zou Xun , Li Yiyuan , Li Jinxi , Wang Bin
Published: February 2016

This study illustrated the importance of smoothed vertical layers and orthogonal grids in an orthogonal terrain‐following coordinate (an OTF‐coordinate) in reducing advection errors over steep terrain. Three coordinates, namely, classic terrain‐following coordinate, hybrid terrain‐following coordinate (HTF‐coordinate) and OTF‐coordinate, were employed in Schär‐type advection experiments for various terrains. The results demonstrated that the OTF‐coordinate could diminish the grids with high skewness in the HTF‐coordinate over steep terrain; the orthogonal grids share the same importance in reducing advection errors with smoothed vertical layers. Therefore, the advection errors in the OTF‐coordinate are considerably reduced than those in the corresponding HTF‐coordinate over steep terrain.
Using Percentile Schedules to Increase Academic Fluency
Authors: Clark Alison M. , Schmidt Jonathan D. , Mezhoudi Nabil , Kahng SungWoo
Published: February 2016

After a learner becomes accurate with a task, fluency must be shaped over time to reach the target goal. However, shaping criteria can be somewhat arbitrary; thus, an objective criteria has the potential to improve implementation consistency. One such method is through the use of percentile schedules. The purpose of the current study was to use a percentile schedule as a means of determining the reinforcement criterion to improve the fluency for three academic tasks. The participant was a 14‐year‐old boy diagnosed with developmental disabilities. The use of the percentile schedule based reinforcement criterion resulted in increased fluency with two of the three academic tasks. This study suggests that percentile schedules may provide an objective criterion for improving fluency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triboluminescence and crystal structure of the centrosymmetric complex [Tb(NO3)2(Acac)(Phen)2]·H2O
Authors: Bukvetskii B. V. , Shishov A. S. , Mirochnik A. G.
Published: February 2016

The atomic structure of crystals of the complex [Tb(NO3)2(Acac)(Phen)2]·H2O, (AA – acetylacetonate anion, Phen – 1,10‐phenanthroline) characterized by an intensive luminescence and triboluminescence has been determined by means of an X‐ray structural analysis method. Centrosymmetric crystals have a monoclinic syngony: a = 11.2298(1), b = 9.6492(1), c = 13.2745(1) Å, β = 101.290(1), space group P2/n, Z = 2, ρcalc = 1.790 g/cm3. The crystal structure is represented by individual С29Н25N6O9Tb complexes linked through van der Waals interactions with clearly expressed cleavage planes. The Tb(III) atom coordination polyhedron reflects the state of a distorted square antiprism. The structural aspects of the suggested model of formation of the triboluminescent properties were considered and the role of the cleavage planes discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoluminescence and thermoluminescence properties of Eu2+ doped and Eu2+,Dy3+ co‐doped Ba2MgSi2O7 phosphors
Authors: Sao Sanjay Kumar , Brahme Nameeta , Bisen D.P. , Tiwari Geetanjali
Published: February 2016

In this work, we report the preparation, characterization, comparison and luminescence mechanisms of Eu2+‐doped and Eu2+,Dy3+‐co‐doped Ba2MgSi2O7 (BMSO) phosphors. Prepared phosphors were synthesized via a high temperature solid‐state reaction method. All prepared phosphors appeared white. The phase structure, particle size, and elemental analysis were analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy‐dispersive X‐ray (EDX) analysis. The luminescence properties of the phosphors were investigated by thermoluminescence (TL) and photoluminescence (PL). The PL excitation and emission spectra of Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ showed the peak to be around 381 nm and 490 nm respectively. The PL excitation spectrum of Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu2+Dy3+ showed the peak to be around 341 nm and 388 nm, and the emission spectrum had a broad band around 488 nm. These emissions originated from the 4f6 5d1 to 4f7 transition of Eu2+. TL analysis revealed that the maximum TL intensity was found at 5 mol% of Eu2+ doping in Ba2MgSi2O7 phosphors after 15 min of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. TL intensity was increased when Dy3+ ions were co‐doped in Ba2MgSi2O7:Eu2+ and maximum TL intensity was observed for 2 mol% of Dy3+. TL emission spectra of Ba1.95MgSi2O7:0.05Eu2+ and Ba1.93MgSi2O7:0.05Eu2+,0.02Dy3+ phosphors were found at 500 nm. TL intensity increased with UV exposure time up to 15 min, then decreased for the higher UV radiation dose for both Eu doping and Eu,Dy co‐doping. The trap depths were calculated to be 0.54 eV for Ba1.95MgSi2O7:0.05Eu2+ and 0.54 eV and 0.75 eV for Ba1.93MgSi2O7:0.05Eu2+,0.02Dy3+ phosphors. It was observed that co‐doping with small amounts of Dy3+ enhanced the thermoluminescence properties of Ba2MgSi2O7 phosphor. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [Correction added on 5 April 2016, after first online publication: The following parts of the abstract have been edited for consistency. '4f65d1' has been corrected to '4f6 5d1', '4f7' has been corrected to '4f7', 'Ba1.95' has been corrected to 'Ba1.95' and 'Ba1.93' has been corrected to 'Ba1.93' respectively.]
Proteomic differences in recombinant CHO cells producing two similar antibody fragments
Authors: Sommeregger Wolfgang , Mayrhofer Patrick , Steinfellner Willibald , Reinhart David , Henry Michael , Clynes Martin , Meleady Paula , Kunert Renate
Published: February 2016

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most commonly used mammalian hosts for the production of biopharmaceuticals. To overcome unfavorable features of CHO cells, a lot of effort is put into cell engineering to improve phenotype. “Omics” studies investigating elevated growth rate and specific productivities as well as extracellular stimulus have already revealed many interesting engineering targets. However, it remains largely unknown how physicochemical properties of the recombinant product itself influence the host cell. In this study, we used quantitative label‐free LC‐MS proteomic analyses to investigate product‐specific proteome differences in CHO cells producing two similar antibody fragments. We established recombinant CHO cells producing the two antibodies, 3D6 and 2F5, both as single‐chain Fv‐Fc homodimeric antibody fragments (scFv‐Fc). We applied three different vector strategies for transgene delivery (i.e., plasmid, bacterial artificial chromosome, recombinase‐mediated cassette exchange), selected two best performing clones from transgene variants and transgene delivery methods and investigated three consecutively passaged cell samples by label‐free proteomic analysis. LC‐MS‐MS profiles were compared in several sample combinations to gain insights into different aspects of proteomic changes caused by overexpression of two different heterologous proteins. This study suggests that not only the levels of specific product secretion but the product itself has a large impact on the proteome of the cell. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1902–1912. © 2016 The Authors. Biotechnology and Bioengineering Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing-derived variables to predict in-hospital morbidity after major colorectal surgery
Authors: West M A , Asher R , Browning M , Minto G , Swart M , Richardson K , McGarrity L , Jack S , Grocott M P W , Challand C , Wan Lai C , Struthers R , Sneyd R , Psarelli E
Published: February 2016

Background

In single-centre studies, postoperative complications are associated with reduced fitness. This study explored the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness variables derived by cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) and in-hospital morbidity after major elective colorectal surgery.

Methods

Patients underwent preoperative CPET with recording of in-hospital morbidity. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and logistic regression were used to assess the relationship between CPET variables and postoperative morbidity.

Results

Seven hundred and three patients from six centres in the UK were available for analysis (428 men, 275 women). ROC curve analysis of oxygen uptake at estimated lactate threshold (V˙o2 at θ^L) and at peak exercise (V˙o2peak) gave an area under the ROC curve (AUROC) of 0·79 (95 per cent c.i. 0·76 to 0·83; P < 0·001; cut-off 11·1 ml per kg per min) and 0·77 (0·72 to 0·82; P < 0·001; cut-off 18·2 ml per kg per min) respectively, indicating that they can identify patients at risk of postoperative morbidity. In a multivariable logistic regression model, selected CPET variables and body mass index (BMI) were associated significantly with increased odds of in-hospital morbidity (V˙o2 at θ^L 11·1 ml per kg per min or less: odds ratio (OR) 7·56, 95 per cent c.i. 4·44 to 12·86, P < 0·001; V˙o2peak 18·2 ml per kg per min or less: OR 2·15, 1·01 to 4·57, P = 0·047; ventilatory equivalents for carbon dioxide at estimated lactate threshold (V˙E/V˙co2 at θ^L) more than 30·9: OR 1·38, 1·00 to 1·89, P = 0·047); BMI exceeding 27 kg/m2: OR 1·05, 1·03 to 1·08, P < 0·001). A laparoscopic procedure was associated with a decreased odds of complications (OR 0·30, 0·02 to 0·44; P = 0·033). This model was able to discriminate between patients with, and without in-hospital morbidity (AUROC 0·83, 95 per cent c.i. 0·79 to 0·87). No adverse clinical events occurred during CPET across the six centres.

Conclusion

These data provide further evidence that variables derived from preoperative CPET can be used to assess risk before elective colorectal surgery.
Diterpenoids of Gorgonian Corals: Chemistry and Bioactivity
Authors: Lei Hui
Published: February 2016

During the past seven years, many complex and structurally unique secondary metabolites have been isolated from gorgonian corals. In this review, 244 diterpenoids isolated from gorgonian corals complete with their structures, names, references, and biological activities are reported. The article covers the literature published during the period from 2008 to 2014 with 95 citations.
Activation of TLR5 induces podocyte apoptosis
Authors: Lin Xu , Huang Haiting , You Yanwu , Tang Chunrong , Gu Xiangjun , Huang Meiying , Tan Junhua , Wang Jie
Published: February 2016

The apoptosis plays a critical role in a number of inflammatory disorders. Bacterial infection is one of the causes inducing apoptosis. This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which activation of TLR5 induces podocyte apoptosis. In this study, a podocyte cell line was cultured in RPMI1640 medium. The expression of TLR5 was assessed by real‐time PCR and Western blotting. The Fas ligand gene transcription was assessed by immunoprecipitation and chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. The results showed that the expression of TLR5 was observed in the podocytes at both mRNA and protein levels. Exposure to TLR5 ligand, flagellin, induced Fas ligand expression and podocyte apoptosis. p300, one of the histone acetyltransferases, mediated the Fas ligand gene transcription in podocytes. In conclusion, TLR5 activation plays an important role in the induction of podocyte apoptosis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epb41l3 suppresses esophageal squamous cell carcinoma invasion and inhibits MMP2 and MMP9 expression
Authors: Zeng Rong , Huang Jun‐peng , Li Xu feng , Xiong Wei‐bin , Wu Gang , Jiang Zhao‐jing , Song Shu‐jie , Li Ji‐qiang , Zheng Yan‐fang , Zhang Ji‐ren
Published: February 2016

EPB41L3 may play a role as a metastasis suppressor by supporting regular arrangements of actin stress fibres and alleviating the increase in cell motility associated with enhanced metastatic potential. Downregulation of epb41l3 has been observed in many cancers, but the role of this gene in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. Our study aimed to determine the effect of epb41l3 on ESCC cell migration and invasion. We investigated epb41l3 protein expression in tumour and non‐tumour tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Expression in the non‐neoplastic human esophageal cell line Het‐1a and four ESCC cell lines – Kyse150, Kyse510, Kyse450 and Caes17 – was assessed by quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) and Western blotting. Furthermore, an EPB41L3 overexpression plasmid and EPB41L3‐specific small interfering RNA were used to upregulate EPB41L3 expression in Kyse150 cells and to downregulate EPB41L3 expression in Kyse450 cells, respectively. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by wound healing and transwell assays, respectively. The expression levels of p‐AKT, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 were evaluated. Expression of epb41l3 was significantly lower in tumour tissues than in non‐tumour tissues and in ESCC cell lines compared with the Het‐1a cell line. Kyse450 and Caes17 cells exhibited higher expression of epb41l3 than Kyse150 and Kyse510 cells. Overexpressing epb41l3 decreased Kyse150 cell migration and invasion, whereas EPB41L3‐specific small interfering RNA silencing increased these functions in Kyse450 cells. Furthermore, overexpressing epb41l3 led to downregulation of MMP2 and MMP9 in Kyse150 and Kyse510 cells. Our findings reveal that EPB41L3 suppresses tumour cell invasion and inhibits MMP2 and MMP9 expression in ESCC cells. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Encapsulation of Living Cells within Giant Phospholipid Liposomes Formed by the Inverse‐Emulsion Technique
Authors: Chowdhuri Sampreeti , Cole Christian M. , Devaraj Neal K.
Published: February 2016

Liposomes form spontaneously by the assimilation of phospholipids, the primary component of cell membranes. Due to their unique ability to form selectively permeable bilayers in situ, they are widely used as nanocarriers for drug and small‐molecule delivery. However, there is a lack of straightforward methodologies to encapsulate living microorganisms. Here we demonstrate the successful encapsulation of whole cells in phospholipid vesicles by using the inverse‐emulsion technique of generating unilamellar vesicles. This method of liposome preparation allows for a facile encapsulation of large biomaterials that previously was not easily attainable. Using Escherichia coli as a model organism, we found that liposomes can protect the bacterium against external protease degradation and from harsh biological environments. Liposomes prepared by the inverse‐emulsion method were also capable of encapsulating yeast and were found to be naturally susceptible to hydrolysis by enzymes such as phospholipases, thus highlighting their potential role as cell delivery carriers.
Dramatic improvement of severe acne pustolosa after adalimumab in a patient with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Rispo Antonio , Musto Dario , Imperatore Nicola , Testa Anna , Rea Matilde , Castiglione Fabiana
Published: February 2016

Key clinical message

A 22‐year‐old male with extensive steroid‐dependent/azathioprine‐refractory ulcerative colitis and preexistent severe refractory acne pustolosa (AP) was successfully treated with adalimumab for both conditions. Severe AP could be considered a further indication, instead of a relative restriction, to anti‐TNFα in steroid‐dependent IBD patients needing therapy with this class of drugs.
Methyltransferases: Green Catalysts for Friedel–Crafts Alkylations
Authors: Tengg Martin , Stecher Harald , Offner Lisa , Plasch Katharina , Anderl Felix , Weber Hansjörg , Schwab Helmut , Gruber‐Khadjawi Mandana
Published: February 2016

A set of S‐adenosyl‐l‐methionine (SAM) dependent methyltransferases has been characterized as versatile catalysts for the enzymatic Friedel–Crafts (alkylation) reaction. Although the substrate specificity of the enzymes range from high (in the case of SfmM2, SacF, and ORF19) to moderate (in the case of NovO and CouO), the cofactor spectrum is broad. Modified cofactors decorated with alkyl groups other than methyl were used for biocatalytic Friedel–Crafts alkylation, and conversions up to 99 % were achieved. In contrast to the classical chemical reaction the biotransformation is very selective and environmentally compatible.
DFT Study of Synergistic Catalysis of the Water‐Gas‐Shift Reaction on Cu–Au Bimetallic Surfaces
Authors: Saqlain Muhammad Adnan , Hussain Akhtar , Siddiq Dr Muhammad , Leenaerts Ortwin , Leitão Alexandre A.
Published: February 2016

The water‐gas‐shift reaction (WGSR) is an important industrial process that can be significantly enhanced at suitable catalyst surfaces. In this work, we investigate the catalytic behavior of metallic Cu(1 0 0) and bimetallic Cu–Au(1 0 0) surfaces. With density functional theory calculations, the variation in the Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), the activation barriers, and the rate constants for the WGSR are calculated. The variation in ΔG° for water dissociation shows that the process is spontaneous up to 520 K on the bimetallic surface and up to 229 K on the Cu(1 0 0) surface. The calculated rate constants for the process also show that the bimetallic surface is much more reactive than the Cu(1 0 0) surface. The calculated pressure–temperature phase diagram for water dissociation shows that the partial pressure of H2O required for water dissociation on the bimetallic surface is substantially lower than that on the Cu(1 0 0) surface at all the studied temperatures. Additionally, the calculations demonstrate that the kinetics of the water‐gas‐shift reaction is dominated by redox processes on both the surfaces.
Palladium Nanoparticles Encapsulated in a Silicalite‐1 Zeolite Shell for Size‐Selective Catalysis in Liquid‐Phase Solution
Authors: Liu Chang , Liu Jian , Yang Shuliang , Cao Changyan , Song Weiguo
Published: February 2016

Size‐selective catalysis is of great significance in both fundamental research and industrial applications. One well‐known example is zeolite‐based catalysts, which show remarkable size selectivity in gas‐phase reactions. However, very few of these catalysts are realized in liquid‐phase solution. Herein, we report an efficient route to produce a composite composed of Pd nanoparticles encapsulated in a silicalite‐1 zeolite shell. This composite shows sharp size‐selective catalysis in the hydrogenation of olefin aldehydes in aqueous solution. Owing to the pore‐size limitation of the silicalite‐1 zeolite shell (0.53×0.56 nm), the catalyst shows high activity in the hydrogenation of 3‐methyl‐2‐butenal (0.38×0.62 nm) and cinnamaldehyde (0.54×0.92 nm) but no activity for the hydrogenation of 3,3‐diphenylacrylaldehyde (0.81×1.0 nm). A catalyst with this type of structure can be applied to load other metal nanoparticles and can serve as a useful platform to study heterogeneous size‐selective catalysis in liquid solution.
Nickel‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Photocathode: Towards Proton Reduction Using a Molecular Nickel Catalyst and an Organic Dye
Authors: van den Bosch Bart , Rombouts Jeroen A. , Orru Romano V. A. , Reek Joost N. H. , Detz Remko J.
Published: February 2016

To construct an efficient dye‐sensitized photo‐electrochemical tandem cell for hydrogen production, it is crucial to understand the working principles of both the photoanode and the photocathode. Herein, the anchoring of a proton‐reduction catalyst and an organic dye molecule on metal oxides is studied for the preparation of a photocathode. On TiO2, the Ni catalyst behaves as a good electrocatalyst (−250 μA cm−2) in acidic water (pH 2). The Ni catalyst and the organic dye were co‐immobilized on NiO to form a solely Ni‐based photocathode. The electron‐transfer steps were investigated by using various techniques (IR, UV/Vis, and fluorescence spectroscopy, and (photo)electrochemistry). Despite the observed successful single‐electron‐transfer steps between all of the components, photocatalysis did not yield any hydrogen gas. Possible bottlenecks that prevent photocatalytic proton reduction are poor electron transfer because of aggregation, charge recombination from the catalyst to the NiO, or instability of the catalyst after the first reduction.
Dioxygen Activation by a Macrocyclic Copper Complex Leads to a Cu2O2 Core with Unexpected Structure and Reactivity
Authors: Garcia‐Bosch Isaac , Cowley Ryan E. , Díaz Daniel E. , Siegler Maxime A. , Nam Wonwoo , Solomon Edward I. , Karlin Kenneth D.
Published: February 2016

We report the CuI/O2 chemistry of complexes derived from the macrocylic ligands 14‐TMC (1,4,8,11‐tetramethyl‐1,4,8,11‐tetraazacyclotetradecane) and 12‐TMC (1,4,7,10‐tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane). While [(14‐TMC)CuI]+ is unreactive towards dioxygen, the smaller analog [(12‐TMC)CuI(CH3CN)]+ reacts with O2 to give a side‐on bound peroxo‐dicopper(II) species (SP), confirmed by spectroscopic and computational methods. Intriguingly, 12‐TMC as a N4 donor ligand generates SP species, thus in contrast with the previous observation that such species are generated by N2 and N3 ligands. In addition, the reactivity of this macrocyclic side‐on peroxo‐dicopper(II) differs from typical SP species, because it reacts only with acid to release H2O2, in contrast with the classic reactivity of Cu2O2 cores. Kinetics and computations are consistent with a protonation mechanism whereby the TMC acts as a hemilabile ligand and shuttles H+ to an isomerized peroxo core.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VON PHOSPHINSAEURECHLORIDEN AUS PHOSPHINSAEUREAMIDEN
Authors: ELLIS K. , SMITH D. J. H. , TRIPPETT S.
Published: February 2016

Beim Sättigen einer Lösung des Amids (I) in Benzol mit HCl entsteht das Säurechlorid (II) in guter Ausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: MASSENSPEKTROMETRISCHE UNTERSUCHUNG VON OXID‐ UND SULFIDHALOGENIDEN DER UEBERGANGSMETALLE
Authors: SINGLETON DONALD L. , STAFFORD FRED E.
Published: February 2016

Die massenspektrometrische Untersuchung von Mo0Cl4, W0Cl4, WSCl4, ReOCl4 und OsOCl4 zeigt, daß in Dampfform vorwiegend die entsprechenden Monomeren vorliegen.
ChemInform Abstract: STRUKTURMECHANISCHE PARAMETER UND CHEMISCHE STABILITAET KRISTALLISIERENDER GLAESER, DIE EINE UNTERSCHIEDLICHE THERMISCHE BEARBEITUNG DURCHLAUFEN
Authors: EREMEEVA A. S. , ROGOZHIN YU. V. , ZAIONTS L. A.
Published: February 2016

Kristallisierende Gläser mit Spodumen‐Zusammensetzung weisen nach bestimmter thermischer Behandlung eingefrorene elastische Spannungen auf, die eine Verformung der Selbsttorsion hervorrufen.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTRISCHE LEITFAEHIGKEIT ALKALIMETALLFREIER OXID‐FLUOROPHOSPHAT‐GLAESER
Authors: ARTYUSHKINA N. G. , BYRDINA V. A. , EVSTROP'EV K. K. , KHALILEV V. D.
Published: February 2016

Die Leitfähigkeit von Gläsern der Systeme (I‐II) bei 200‐300°C wurde gemessen.
ChemInform Abstract: PHASENGLEICHGEWICHTE IM SYST. DY2O3‐WO3
Authors: IVANOVA M. M. , REZNIK E. M.
Published: February 2016

Durch DTA und Röntgenphasenanalyse wird das Zustandsdiagramm des Titelsystems ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: OPTISCHE SPEKTREN UND GLEICHGEWICHTSVERTEILUNG VON POLYSULFIDIONEN IN WAESSRIGER LOESUNG BEI 20 GRAD
Authors: GIGGENBACH W.
Published: February 2016

Die optischen Absorptionsspektren von wäßrigen Polysulfidlösungen werden im pH‐Bereich von 6,8‐17,5 bei 20°C und bestimmten Ionenstärken 2 2,0 aufgenommen.
ChemInform Abstract: SELEKTIVE IONENAUSTAUSCHER MIT ISONITROSOACETAMID‐FUNKTIONSGRUPPEN 2. MITT. EIGENSCHAFTEN UND ANWENDUNG
Authors: SYKORA V. , DUBSKY F.
Published: February 2016

Ionenaustauscher mit der funktionalen Gruppe ‐NHCOCH=NOH besitzen stark selektive Eigenschaften für Pdztlonen.
ChemInform Abstract: ACIDITAET UND SAEURESTAERKE VON ZEOLITHKATALYSATOREN
Authors: IKEMOTO MISAKO , TSUTSUMI KAZUO , TAKAHASHI HIROSHI
Published: February 2016

Der Einfluß der Vorbehandlungstemperatur, des Molverhältnisses SiO2/ Al2O3, der Kationenart, des Kationenaustauschverhältnisses zur Anzahl der Säureplätze und der Säurestärke auf die Zeolithkatalysatoren wird durch Titration mit Aminen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: UNTERSUCHUNG DER KONZENTRATIONSABHAENGIGKEIT DER EIGENSCHAFTEN VON SCHLACKENGLAESERN UND IHREN KRISTALLISATIONSPRODUKTEN DURCH SIMPLEXGITTERPLANUNG
Authors: PAVLUSHKIN N. M. , LISOVSKAYA G. P. , MANEVICH V. E. , CHEMLEVA T. A.
Published: February 2016

Durch Bestimmung der Erweichungstemperaturen und Biegefestigkeiten von Gläsern und deren Kristallisationsprodukten des Systems CaO‐Al2O3‐SiO2 mit Zusatz von F2, Na2O und FeS an 28 Versuchspunkten werden Gleichungen 5 höherer Ordnung abgeleitet, die die Eigenschafts/Zusammensetzungs‐Abhängigkeit der Gläser des Sechsstoffsystems wiedergegeben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYSTEMATIK VON FLUOROSILICATEN UND FLUOROGERMANATEN 2. MITT. DIE VERBINDUNG CA12AL2(SIF6)4(SO4)3F16.45H2O (I)
Authors: HAJEK B. , BENDA F.
Published: February 2016

Für die Titelverbindung (I) wird eine reproduzierbare Darstellungsmethode ange‐ 1 geben.
ChemInform Abstract: POTENTIOMETRISCHE MIKROBESTIMMUNG VON FLUOR IN ORGANISCHEN SUBSTANZEN
Authors: HELESIC L.
Published: February 2016

Es wird die Titration von Fluoriden mit La‐, Gd‐, Pr‐ und Yb‐nitratlösungen im wäßrigen Medium und im 80%igen wäßrigem Äthanol mit und ohne HNO3‐ Zugabe unter Verwendung der selektiven Fluoridelektrode "Crytur" durchgefuhrt.
ChemInform Abstract: NATURSTOFFE AUS ECHINODERMEN
Authors: GROSSERT J. S.
Published: February 2016

Literaturübersicht mit 98 Zitaten.
ChemInform Abstract: EMISSIONSEIGENSCHAFTEN AROMATISCHER AMINE IN LOESUNG, DAS PHENOXAZIN‐SYST.
Authors: HUBER J. ROBERT , MANTULIN W. W.
Published: February 2016

Die Absorptions‐ und Lumineszenzeigenschaften von Phenoxazin und IO‐Phenylphenoxazin in Lösung werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE CHEMILUMINESZENZ VON TETRACHLORAETHYLEN‐CARBONAT UND AEHNLICHEN VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: MAULDING D. R. , ROBERTS B. G.
Published: February 2016

Die cyclischen Carbonate (Ia) und insbesondere (Ib) sowie die analogen Verbindungen (II)‐(Va) und (Vb) ergeben mit Wasserstoffperoxid in Gegenwart von 9,10‐Bis‐phenyläthinylanthracen (VI) als Sensibilisator Chemilumineszenz‐Erscheinungen.
ChemInform Abstract: NICKEL‐KATALYSIERTE RK. UNTER BETEILIGUNG GESPANNTER SIGMA‐BINDUNGEN 4. MITT. NICKEL(0)‐KATALYSIERTE RK. VON METHYLENCYCLOPROPAN MIT OLEFINEN, ORIENTIERUNG UND STEREOCHEMIE
Authors: NOYORI R. , KUMAGAI Y. , UMEDA I. , TAKAYA H.
Published: February 2016

Methylencyclopropan (I) reagiert mit dem [D2]Methylacrylat (II) unter Stickstoff in Gegenwart von Bis‐[acrylonitril]‐nickel(0) zum Addukt (III).
ChemInform Abstract: RK. MIT NITROSONIUMIONEN 2. MITT. RK. VON TRIPHENYLMETHYL‐, BENZHYDRYL‐ UND BENZYLAZID MIT NITROSONIUM‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: DOYLE MICHAEL P. , WIERENGA WENDELL
Published: February 2016

Das Azid (I) ergibt in Acetonitril mit dem Tetrafluoroborat (II) über die Interme‐ g diärprodukte (III) und (IV) nach Zugabe von Wasser den Alkohol (V), das Amid (VI) sowie die Carbonylverbindungen (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: RK. MIT NITROSONIUMIONEN 3. MITT. RK. VON ALKYLAZIDEN MIT NITROSONIUM‐VERBINDUNGEN, EINFLUSS DES LOESUNGSMITTELS, ABFANGREAGENZIEN UND NITROSONIUM‐VERBINDUNGEN
Authors: DOYLE MICHAEL P. , WIERENGA WENDELL
Published: February 2016

Das Azid (I) reagiert mit Nitrosoniumtetrafluoroborat in Acetonitril nach Zugabe von Wasser zum Amid (IIa) und dem Alkohol (IIIa) sowie den Carbonylverbindungen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOCHEMIE UND REAKTIVITAET UNGESAETTIGTER VERBINDUNGEN 20. MITT. PRODUKTE DER DIEN‐KONDENSATION VON ISOPREN MIT ZIMTALDEHYD UND ZIMTSAEURE
Authors: KUGATOVA‐SHEMYAKINA G. P. , GRAMENITSKAYA V. N. , ISAEVA L. G.
Published: February 2016

Isopren (I) reagiert mit Zimtaldehyd (IIa) in Gegenwart von Hydrochinon in Toluol bei 220°C zu einem Gemisch (Ausbeute 60%) der Addukte cis‐(IIIa), trans‐(IIIa), cis‐(IVa) und trans‐(IVa); in Gegenwart von BF3‐Ätherat in Benzol entsteht schon bei 20°C selektiv trans‐(IIIa) (56%).
ChemInform Abstract: MERCAPTOACETAT‐DERIVATE 1. MITT. RK. VON THIOCYANATOESSIGSAEUREESTERN MIT ALDEHYDEN
Authors: HAYASHI TOSHIO
Published: February 2016

Äquimolare Reaktion der Ester (II) mit aromatischen Aldehyden, wie z.B. (I), in Gegenwart von NaH bei ‐5°C und anschließende Behandlung des Reaktions‐ gemisches mit trockenen Halogenwasserstoffsäuren, z.B. HCl, führt zu den Oxathiolanen (III) (Spuren ‐3 8% Ausbeute) und den Dihydrozirntsäureestern (IV) (45 ‐95%).
ChemInform Abstract: NEUARTIGE SPALTUNG DER C‐C‐DREIFACHBINDUNG
Authors: FUJITA HIROSHI , ENDO ROKURO , MURAYAMA KEISUKE , ICHII TAKESHI
Published: February 2016

Bei der Reaktion des Amidins (I) mit dem Diamin (II) in saurem Medium erfolgt nucleophile Addition am β‐C‐Atom der Acetylenbindung unter Bildung des Benzimidazols (III).
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VON ACETYLEN‐AMINO‐ALKOHOLEN UND DEREN UMWANDLUNG IN ACETYLEN‐DIAMINO‐ALKOHOLE
Authors: COUTURIER D.
Published: February 2016

α‐Amino‐tetrahydropyrane (I) reagieren mit Äthinylmagnesiumbromid (II) zu den Acetylen‐amino‐alkoholen (III) (Ausbeute 70‐96%), die mit Formaldehyd (IV), Amin (V),Kupferacetat zu den Acetylen‐diamino‐alkoholen (VI) (Ausbeuten 70‐93%) Weiterreagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: ALPHA‐ UND BETA‐TRIFLUORMETHYLTHIO‐ACRYLSAEURE‐DERIVATE
Authors: HARRIS J. F.
Published: February 2016

Trifluormethylsulfenylchlorid (I) reagiert mit Acrylester (II) zu einem Gemisch der Addukte (III)‐(V), die getrennt und z.B. über NMR‐Spektren identifiziert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. VON ISONITRILEN MIT THALLIUM(III)‐NITRAT, EINE GLATTE SYNTH. FUER CARBAMATE
Authors: KIENZLE F.
Published: February 2016

Thallium(III)‐nitrat‐hydrat (II) überführt Isonitrile (I) in Methanol (III) glatt in die entsprechenden Carbamate (IV) unter Ausfällung von Thallium(I)‐nitrat.
ChemInform Abstract: CIS‐ UND TRANS‐ISOMERE EINIGER NITROCYCLOPROPANE
Authors: BAKOVA O. V. , ELAGIN L. M. , PEREKALIN V. V. , SOPOVA A. S. , TRESHCHOVA E. G.
Published: February 2016

Die aus β‐Brom‐β‐nitro‐styrolen und Na‐malonsäuredimethylester dargestellten Ester (I) gehen unter der Einwirkung von Triäthylamin in Benzol bei 18°C in die trans‐Nitrocyclopropane (II) (Ausbeute 30‐69%) über.
ChemInform Abstract: DIE FAEHIGKEIT VON CROWN‐AETHERN ZUR ERHOEHUNG DER AKTIVITAET VON KALIUM‐ALKOHOLATEN IN DIMETHYLSULFOXID
Authors: MASKORNICK M. J.
Published: February 2016

Die Isomerisierung von Methyl‐norbornadien (I) zur Methylen‐Verbindung (II) in Gegenwart von Kalium‐Ionen wird untersucht und insbesondere der Einfluß von (III) hinsichtlich der Wirksamkeit der Kaliumionen ermittelt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. EINIGER TETRACYCLO(4,4,0,0(2,4),0(3,9))DECAN‐ UND TRICYCLO(3,3,1,0(2,4‐ENDO))NONAN‐DERIVATE
Authors: KLUMPP G. W. , ELLEN G. , JAPENGA J. , DE HOOG G. M.
Published: February 2016

Die beiden bekannten Carbonsäuren (Ia) und (Ib) liefern über ihre Säurechloride die Diazoketone (IIa) und (IIb), die beim Erhitzen in Gegenwart von Cu zu den tetracyclischen Ketonen (IIIa) und (IIIb) cyclisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: ELEKTROPHILE AROMATISCHE SUBSTITUTION 7. MITT. DER EINFLUSS DER NITROSIERUNG AUF DAS O0P‐VERHAELTNIS BEI DER NITRIERUNG VON BIPHENYL
Authors: TAYLOR R.
Published: February 2016

Die Nitrierung von Biphenyl wurde unter sehr unterschiedlichen Bedingungen durchgeführt und in Abhängigkeit von den Bedingungen die Anteile an o‐ und p‐ sowie an Dinitro‐Verbindung bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: SAEUREKATALYSIERTE UMLAGERUNG VON 4,8B‐DIMETHYL‐1,2‐DI‐DIPHENYL‐2A,8B‐DIHYDRO‐CYCLOBUTA(A)NAPHTHALIN, NEUE SYNTH. VON TRIARYLAETHYLENEN
Authors: COLLIN P. J. , TEITEL T. , SASSE W. H. F.
Published: February 2016

Unter dem Einfluß von Trifluoressigsäure lagert sich die Titelverbindung (I) zum Z‐ und E‐Isomeren des Stilbens (II) um.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND BIOLOGISCHE EIGENSCHAFTEN NEUER STICKSTOFFDERIVATE VON 1,2‐NAPHTHOCHINON
Authors: RIESZ EUGENE , HEURTEL‐LAGET CHANTAL
Published: February 2016

Durch Reaktion des Naphthochinonsulfonates (I) mit den Aminen (II) bzw. (IV) werden die Derivate (III) bzw. (V) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: E‐HOMO‐UMLAGERUNG DES NOR‐KETO‐LACTONS AUS DER QUECKSILBERACETAT‐OX. VON ACETYL‐BETULINSAEURE
Authors: KHASTGIR H. N. , BOSE S. N. , NASKAR D. B.
Published: February 2016

Aus Acetylbetulinsäure kann das Lacton (I) bei der Quecksilberacetat‐Oxidation erhalten werden, das in das Lacton (V) in der angegebenen Weise übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTH. UND SPASMOLYTISCHE AKTIVITAET BASISCHER AMIDE VON PHENYL‐ALPHA‐THIENYL‐HYDROXYESSIGSAEURE
Authors: CLEMENCE FRANCOIS , LE MARTRET ODILE , FOURNEX ROBERT , PLASSARD GUY , DAGNAUX MICHELE
Published: February 2016

Die Darstellung der Titelverbindungen (V) erfolgt entweder durch Reaktion ies Glyoxylsäurechlorids (I) mit den Diaminen (II) über die intermediären Glyoxamide (III) (5 5‐77% Ausbeute) und anschließende Reaktion mit α‐Thienyl‐ MgBr (IV) oder durch Reaktion von α‐Thienyl‐glyoxylsäurechlorid mit (II) über die entsprechenden α‐Thienyl‐glyoxamide und anschließende Reaktion mit Phenyl‐MgBr.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMIE UND BIOCHEMIE DER PFLANZENSTOFFE 32. MITT. SYNTHESE VON FLAVANOL‐DERIVATEN
Authors: REICHEL LUDWIG , PRITZE PETER , GRAGERT HELGA
Published: February 2016

Durch katalytische Hydrierung werden aus den entsprechenden Chalkonen (I) die Propanole (II) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: RK. SUBSTITUIERTER FLAVONE MIT THIONYLCHLORID UND MIT SULFURYLCHLORID
Authors: MERCHANT J. R. , REGE D. V. , BHAT A. R.
Published: February 2016

Die Chlorflavone (I) reagieren mit Thionylchlorid (II) zu den Dichlorderivaten (III).
ChemInform Abstract: EINFACHE SYNTH. VON 2,3‐DIHYDRO‐1H‐CHINOLONEN‐(4)
Authors: MERCHANT J. R. , CHOTHIA D. S.
Published: February 2016

Aromatische Amine wie substituierte Xylidine und Dichloraniline reagieren mit ungesättigten Säuren wie (II), Methacryl‐ oder Crotonsäure (nicht aber mit β,β‐ Dimethyl‐acryl‐ oder Zimtsäure) in Gegenwart von Polyphosphorsäure (PPA) (2,3 Std. bei 100°C) unter Cyclokondensation zu den entsprechenden 2,3‐Dihydro‐1H‐chinolonen‐(4) (40‐75% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: MESOIONISCHE VERBINDUNGEN 16. MITT. 1,4‐DIPOLARE CYCLOADDITIONSRK. MIT PYRIMIDINIUM‐BETAINEN
Authors: POTTS K. T. , SORM M.
Published: February 2016

Aus den N,N′‐disubstituierten Amidinen (I) entstehen mit Kohlenstoffsuboxid (II) die Pyrimidinium‐Betaine (III), die mit Acetylendicarbonsäureester (IV) zu den Bicyclen (V) und weiter unter Eliminierung von Phenylisocyanat (VI) zu den Pyridonen (VII) reagieren.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,4‐DIAMINO‐PYRIMIDINE AUS DICYANDIAMID 4. MITT. KONDENSATION MIT BICYCLISCHEN AROMATISCHEN KETONEN
Authors: SENGUPTA S. K. , CHATTERJEE S. , PROTOPAPA H. K. , MODEST E. J.
Published: February 2016

R 0516 Bei der Kondensation von 2‐Tetralon (I) mit Dicyandiamid (II) entsteht das Benzo(f)chinazolin (III), das bei der Aromatisierung in Tetralin in Gegenwart von 2‐Äthoxy‐äthoxy‐äthanol zum Äther (IV) und zum isomeren kondensierten Diamino‐pyrimidin (V) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,4‐TRIAZINE 2. MITT. KONDENSIERTE 1,2,4‐TRIAZINONE DURCH UMSETZUNG VON HETEROCYCLISCHEN AMIDRAZONEN MIT UNGESAETTIGTEN DICARBONSAEUREESTERN
Authors: BRUGGER MANFRED , WAMHOFF HEINRICH , KORTE FRIEDHELM
Published: February 2016

Die aus den entsprechenden Lactimäthern und Hydrazin in situ gewonnenen Amidrazone (I) cyclokondensieren sich mit dem Diester (II) (exotherme Reaktion) zu den Heterocyclen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: BLDG. VON SELENHETEROCYCLEN DURCH RK. VON SELENWASSERSTOFF MIT EINEM AMIN‐FORMALDEHYD‐GEMISCH
Authors: DRAGUET CLAUDE , DELLA FIORENTINA HENRI , RENSON MARCEL
Published: February 2016

Gemische aus den Aminen (I) und Formaldehyd (II) reagieren mit H2Se zu den relativ instabilen Heterocyclen (III), von denen (IIIa) beim Erwärmen das Diselenazin (IV) gibt.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINOSAEUREDERIVATE VON BENZO‐1,5‐DIAZEPIN
Authors: LEVSHINA K. V. , YUMASHEVA E. I. , SAFONOVA T. S. , KRAVCHENKO A. I. , CHERNOV V. A.
Published: February 2016

Das Benzylbromid (I) reagiert mit den Aminosäureestern (II) unterder Einwirkung von Säureakzeptoren zu den Benzylarninosäureestern (III), die teils bei der sauren und teils bei der alkalischen Hydrolyse in die Säuren (IV) übergehen.