bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of PM2.5 and PM10 Concentrations Using XGBoost and LightGBM Algorithms: A Case Study in Lima, Peru
Authors: Oblitas Mantilla Johan Andrés , Escobedo Cárdenas Edwin Jhonatan
Published: December 2024

Air pollution is a major problem that affects both human health and the environment, causing millions of premature deaths annually worldwide and severely degrading the state of the planet. Exposure to fine particulate matter, which is highly hazardous, enables these particles to penetrate deeply into the lungs and lead to serious health issues, including a reduction in life expectancy by more than two years. In response to this problem, it is crucial to identify effective ways to monitor the levels of these pollutants in our daily surroundings. This article presents a case study conducted in the district of San Borja, Lima, Peru, where prediction models for PM2.5 and PM10 were implemented using the XGBoost and LightGBM algorithms. Employing data from the SENAMHI portal and a correlation analysis of variables, two different scenarios were developed for training the models. In scenario 1, prediction models for PM2.5 and PM10 were trained using all available meteorological and pollution variables. In scenario 2, the models were trained for PM2.5 excluding the PM10 variable, and vice versa. The results showed that both models achieved high accuracy, measured by the coefficient of determination, with no statistically significant difference indicating the superiority of either model. Furthermore, the analysis of the proposed scenarios revealed that excluding key variables can result in significantly less accurate predictions, potentially undermining the effectiveness of environmental management strategies.
Microdistrict Analysis of Urban Differentiation on the Example of Ulaanbaatar (Mongolia)
Authors:   V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS, Dugarova G. B. , Bogdanov V. N. ,   V. B. Sochava Institute of Geography SB RAS
Published: December 2024

The presented article is a continuation of long-term studies about the spatial differentiation of Ulaanbaatar. In the article, the authors present the study results at the level of microdistricts (horoo), where the dependencies between these factors are clearly traced. According to the results obtained, that the city's population is gradually shifting towards new apartment buildings around the center, where social conditions are relatively good. However, a large proportion of the urban population still remains in old yurt microdistricts with a low quality of life.
Flood Hazard Assessment on the Lena River Section Using the Analytical Hierarchy Method, GIS and Remote Sensing Data
Authors:   Larionov Institute of the Physical-Technical Problems of the North SB RAS, Kapitonova T. A. , Struchkova G. P. ,   Larionov Institute of the Physical-Technical Problems of the North SB RAS, Tikhonova S. A. ,   Larionov Institute of the Physical-Technical Problems of the North SB RAS, Tarskaya L. E. ,   Larionov Institute of the Physical-Technical Problems of the North SB RAS
Published: December 2024

In the modern world, there is an increase in the number of natural and man-made disasters. In order to effectively cope with the rising costs associated with damage from them, decision makers need appropriate tools for assessing the risks of dangerous phenomena. Rapid response, spatial planning, and measures, both preventive and mitigation, play an important role in integrated disaster risk management. Floods are one of the main natural disasters that cause huge damage and threaten the safety of people's lives, property, and business facilities. It is noted that the active use of satellite images, geographic information systems, and data mining methods has led to the emergence of new methods for assessing flood hazards, which usually surpass more traditional approaches. It is indicated that the initial materials for the construction of predictors and assessment of the danger of flooding were remote sensing data obtained from the following open sources: Landsat 8-OLI, ASTER GDEM images. The sufficient accuracy of the analytical hierarchy method and the possibility of integration with geographic information systems have determined the widespread use of such approaches to assess the risk of natural emergencies. It is proved that geospatial technologies provide the best potential for analyzing and providing the results necessary for prompt and effective decisionmaking about floods. It is assumed that flood risk maps can be effective tools to reduce damage from natural disasters.
Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Infrastructure of Health and Recreation in the Irkutsk Region
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Levasheva M. V. , Vasileva I. E. ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: December 2024

The paper considers a wide range of issues related to the development of resources and the formation of the infrastructure of health and wellness recreation in the Irkutsk region. It has been established that four health resort zones are currently fully functioning: Ust-Kut, IrkutskCheremkhovo, Pribaikalskaya and Bratskaya. Based on the updated information, an analysis of the territorial differentiation of the infrastructure of health and wellness recreation in the context of municipal districts was conducted. Spatial analysis showed that the institutions are confined to two main settlement strips that have historically developed in the region along the main transport highways. The historical retrospective reflects the trends in the development of health resort practice in the region. The practical significance of the work lies in the use of the obtained results for the development of strategies for the social and economic development of the region and individual municipalities in the process of forming the relevant sections of the regional subprograms "Development of domestic and inbound tourism in the Irkutsk region", the strategy for the development of the health resort complex of the Irkutsk region.
APRENDIZAGEM MATEMÁTICA NOS TRÊS PRIMEIROS ANOS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: REFLEXOS DA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL DE PROFESSORES
Authors: Leseux Sandro Luiz , Silva Adelmo Carvalho da , Darsie Marta Maria Pontin , Silva Lucenildo Elias da
Published: December 2024

Mediante a um contexto em que não há o movimento de formação continuada específica para professores que ensinam matemática, este texto buscou apresentar uma discussão em torno do cenário da aprendizagem matemática nos três primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental, tendo como pano de fundo, as metodologias de ensino da matemática enquanto reflexo da formação inicial de professores. A gênese dos dados em que a discussão desta temática se assenta, é uma ação de formação continuada que foi vivenciada juntamente com professores que atuam nos três primeiros anos da etapa fundamental da Educação Básica. A formação continuada, centrou-se em dois movimentos: refletir sobre as metodologias de ensino praticadas em sala enquanto objeto resultante da formação inicial, e analisar os reflexos destas no desenvolvimento das aprendizagens matemáticas. Para essas finalidades, com base nas concepções epistemológicas contemporâneas, foram realizados estudos e debates sobre os temas, e como forma de examinar as aprendizagens, utilizou-se de uma lista de situações de resolução de problema matemático a qual foi aplicada aos estudantes do 4º ano do Ensino Fundamental. Destarte, as reflexões e discussões construídas no grupo sob à luz desse tríplice observatório (formação inicial, metodologia de ensino e aprendizagem matemática) produziram evidências que apontam para um cenário configurado por densos desafios quanto a aprendizagem matemática nos três primeiros anos do Ensino Fundamental, e consequentemente para a necessidade de programas de formação continuada de professores que atuam nos anos iniciais e, portanto, ensinam matemática.
Efficiency and Fairness Optimization in Energy Management
Authors: Zalewski Grzegorz , Granat Janusz , Makowski Marek
Published: December 2024

The paper proposes a solution to the problem of distributing electricity originating from various sources. In the proposed model, each source has a different cost of acquisition and is characterized by varying energy efficiency factors. Additionally, in the case of renewable sources, the costs of storing energy are taken into consideration as well. This work presents a fair and cost-efficient approach to distributing the demands of energy providers. A model has been developed and verified for the purpose of corroborating the process.
Frequency and prevention of stent-related pathological symptoms after uretero- and pyelolithotripsy
Authors: Ukhal M.I. , Pustovoit I.P. , Semaniv O.M. , Diulher V.I. , Samumzhy G.A.
Published: December 2024

The frequency of stent-related pathological symptoms was studied in 38 patients who had internal JJ stents installed after ureterolithotripsy (10 patients) and pyelolithotripsy (28 patients), and the effectiveness of their drug correction was studied. We found out that internal stents cause the development of pathological symptoms in patients are dysuria, nocturia, pain and such formidable complication the acute reflux - pyelonephritis. Drug pathogenetic therapy with silodosin and oxybutynin hydrochloride prevents the development of stent-related pathological symptoms.
Effect of ikametebiwawo bars as an alternative high protein supplement on the
nutritional status of stunting toddlers
Authors: Darawati M. , Yunianto A.E. , Doloksaribu T.H. , Chandradewi A.A.S.P.
Published: December 2024

Ikametebiwawo bars are complementary foods made from local food typical of West Nusa
Tenggara which contains essential amino acids as an alternative food for stunting toddlers.
This study aimed to analyze the effect of giving ikametebiwawo bars as an alternative
high-protein supplement to the nutritional status of stunted toddler. It is a healthy soft bar
with the local food as primary raw materials such as mackerel fish, red beans, soybean
tempeh, sweet potatoes, pumpkin (yellow pumpkin), and carrots. This study used a pre
post quasi-experimental design with a non-equivalent control group design. The subjects
of this study were 20 toddlers who were divided into 2 groups consisting of 10 stunted
toddlers in the intervention group and 10 toddlers with normal nutritional status in the
control group. The food bar for this intervention was 40 g/day with an intervention
duration of 90 days. Paired t-test was used to test the mean difference before and after the
intervention. There was a significant effect of giving Ikametebiwawo Bars to stunting
toddlers with an increase in serum albumin (p = 0.007), body weight (p = 0.025), and
height (p = 0.048), while there was no effect on lymphocyte levels (p = 0.075) and
hemoglobin levels (p = 0.068). Ikametebiwawo bars administration had a significant effect
on increasing serum albumin, height and weight. The author recommends ikametebiwawo
bars as an additional food high in amino acids to overcome stunting problems in toddlers.
Functional properties of raw and roasted jackfruit seed flour: a mini review
Authors: Teo D.C.K. , Abidin M.Z. , Malik N.H. , Abdullah N.
Published: December 2024

Jackfruit seed flour is a potential ingredient in food formulation. It can be used in
applications of the food industry. Previous research showed that jackfruit seed flour has
high water absorption capacity and bulk density, which can be used as a thickener and
binding agent in the baking sector. The findings of different studies have shown that the
functional properties of jackfruit seed flour are influenced by the roasting temperature and
roasting time. The functional properties of jackfruit seed flour such as water absorption
capacity, oil absorption capacity, water solubility index, bulk density, foam capacity and
foam stability are very important because they determine the suitability of jackfruit seed
flour to be used in food production. This review will provide an overview of the functional
properties of raw and roasted jackfruit seed flour, which is significant in the processing of
food products incorporated with jackfruit seed flour.
President's Column
Authors: Stewart Lucy
Published: December 2024

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Research Progress on the Correlation between Oral Diseases and Chronic Kidney Diseases
Authors: Shao Yuhan
Published: December 2024

Objective: To review the research progress on the correlation between oral diseases and chronic kidney diseases. Methods: Recent Chinese literature on the treatment, analysis, and correlation studies of oral diseases and chronic kidney diseases was collected. A comprehensive review, analysis, induction, and organization of the literature were conducted. Results: A high correlation exists between oral diseases and chronic kidney diseases, which mutually reinforce each other. Conclusion: A deep-level association exists between oral diseases and chronic kidney diseases. Persistent inflammatory symptoms can promote the elevation of C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, thereby exacerbating the development of chronic kidney diseases. Therefore, clinicians should comprehend the mechanism of interaction between oral diseases and chronic kidney diseases to foster diverse clinical thinking, improve the treatment efficacy of chronic kidney diseases, and effectively shorten disease duration.
STATE REGISTER OF MEDICAL DEVICES AS A SOURCE OF INFORMATION FOR COMMODITY
Authors: S.Z. Umarov , R.F. Golubenko , L.E. Frolov
Published: December 2024

The State Register of Medical Devices and Organizations Engaged in the Production and Manufacture of Medical Devices is one of the most important sources of information on medical devices actually registered for circulation in the Russian Federation, which is widely used in commodity studies of the national market assortment. However, so far there has been no characterization of the categories of information provided by the Register as a source of information from the point of view of medical and pharmaceutical commodity science research.
Purpose of the study: To review the categories of information on medical devices contained in the Register and to assess the possibility of their use in commodity studies.
Materials and methods: The search was conducted on the official website of the Register of Medical Devices on the website of Roszdravnadzor, as well as on an Excel spreadsheet version of the Register available for download on the same website. Regulatory documents are quoted from the Rossiyskaya Gazeta edition.
Results: The comparison of the attributes of the register records (categories of information of the register) with the requirements of the Decree on Approval of the Rules of the Register, as well as the analysis of these categories, shows their great importance for general and private commodity studies. However, the difficulties encountered in using this information in scientific work, caused by various reasons, have allowed us to divide the categories of information in the Register into four groups: relevant information; information with subjective difficulties of use; information with objective difficulties of use; irrelevant information. The first group consists of attributes that are undoubtedly useful for research; the second group consists of attributes whose use is complicated by unresolved disciplinary problems; the third group consists of attributes whose use is complicated by imperfections in the Register itself; the fourth group consists of attributes that are of no interest to commodity science.
This classification and the associated characteristics of each attribute reflect the peculiarities of using the Register's information in profile studies within the framework of medical and pharmaceutical commodity science. In addition, the conclusions reached require a substantive and in-depth examination of these problems in order to resolve them.
The possibilities of using the digital economy in monetary policy in developing countries: the case of Azerbaijan
Authors: Abbasov Sebuhi
Published: December 2024

The widespread use and development of information technologies in modern times has led to the growth of the role of the digital economy in the overall world economy. Taking into account that information technology is fast and convenient, new methods have been developed based on its application in all areas. This change has not gone unnoticed by the economy. The implementation of the digital economy was addressed during the research. Digital economy refers to all economic components created by information technologies. This includes digital exchanges, blockchain technologies, web economy, cryptocurrencies, e-commerce, e-money, internet banking, digital marketing, etc. such components are attributed. When we take into account the current inflation situation in the world as well as the damages inflation has caused to the national economy throughout history, we can easily express how important the issue of combating inflation is. The main task in the fight against inflation falls to the monetary policies of countries. For this reason, this study evaluates the possibilities of creating a more sustainable economic policy in countries that utilize the modern capabilities of the digital economy. The issue of creating a more effective anti-inflation policy as a result of the application of the digital economy to monetary policy was discussed. The research is based on the economies of developing countries. Because developed countries are in a more advantageous position due to their technological and economic advantages. It would be more useful to look at the possibilities of utilizing the digital economy in developing countries. The Republic of Azerbaijan was chosen as a model developing country when evaluating the application of the digital economy to the country's economy. The issue was evaluated from the point of view of the state of economic policy and development opportunities of the Azerbaijani state, and the possibilities of using the digital economy in the monetary policy of combating inflation were investigated.
Світовий досвід цифровізації ринкових відносин
Authors: Popova Liubov
Published: December 2024

Цифровізація значно впливає на розвиток національних економік, міжнародних відносин і тягне за собою необхідність перегляду досвіду провідних країн у галузі цифровізації ринкових відносин. У статті досліджено світовий досвід цифровізації ринкових відносин, необхідність та важливість формування стратегій розвитку цифрових технологій та державної підтримки регулювання процесів цифровізації. Розглянуто ключові напрями регулювання цифровізації ринкових відносин в США, ЄС, Японії, Китаї, Сінгапурі. Акцентовано увагу на тому, що сьогодні уряди можуть створювати надійні апаратні та програмні рішення для національної цифрової економіки за допомогою добре розроблених законів та міжнародних угод для глобальної цифрової економіки. Окреслено спільні проблеми цифровізації та перспективні напрямки. Визначено, що вирішення зазначених проблем знаходиться, перш за все, у сфері правового регулювання цифрової економіки.
Теоретико-методичні основи застосування аналітичних процедур в аудиті фінансово-господарської діяльності аграрних формувань
Authors: Lysenko Alla , Akimov Serhii
Published: December 2024

У статті систематизовано теоретико-методичні підходи щодо застосування аналітичних процедур в аудиті фінансово-господарської діяльності аграрних формувань. Встановлено, що аналітичні процедури є сукупністю дій аудитора, спрямованих на виявлення причин відхилень між фактичними й очікуваними показниками, визначення взаємозв’язку між даними, оцінку тенденцій змін у господарській діяльності. Акцентується увага на тому, що на зміст та обсяги аналітичних процедур в аудиті фінансово-господарської діяльності аграрних формувань впливає специфіка сільськогосподарського виробництва, види діяльності, форми та системи обліку, особливості побудови системи внутрішнього контролю та обробки даних у системі обліку. Рекомендовано не обмежувати аналітичні процедури рамками перевірки фінансової звітності, вивчати аналітичні процедури як складову аудиторських процедур з урахуванням взаємозв’язку понять «прийом» - «метод» - «процедура», враховуючи, що аудиторські докази для формування аудиторського звіту збираються на основі урахування зв’язку між методами та процедурами аудиту.
Strengthening energy security of Ukraine
Authors: Hlushko Alina
Published: December 2024

As part of the conducted research, the current situation in Ukraine regarding energy security was analyzed, revealing several critical factors that adversely affect the country's energy independence. These factors include dependence on imported energy resources, the presence of excessive transit capacities, and an insufficient level of energy efficiency in the national economy, as evidenced by the high energy intensity of GDP. The primary task in strengthening Ukraine's energy security amidst the challenges and threats posed by martial law is to ensure stable energy production and usage to support economic growth and improve the quality of life for the population. It is substantiated that to achieve energy independence, Ukraine must adopt a comprehensive approach that includes diversifying energy sources, modernizing infrastructure – particularly through the integration of digital technologies – decentralizing energy systems, enhancing energy efficiency, and actively collaborating with international partners. This will enable Ukraine to bolster its energy security and increase its level of energy independence.
Social Exclusion of Mothers of Children on the Autism Spectrum as Presented in Popular Publications
Authors:   Casimir Pulaski Radom University, Żabińska Agnieszka
Published: December 2024

The text provides an introduction to analyses of the social exclusion of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorders. The aim is to highlight and discuss several stories from the increasing number of printed accounts by mothers describing their daily struggles with disability and social judgment. The discourses of exclusion concerning this social group are a hihgly interesting research topic due to its multidimensionality and stereotypes ingrained in society.
VECTOR ALGEBRA FOR GAMEDEV
Authors: Trofymenko Olena , Zadereyko Оlexander , Balandina Nataliia , Tolocknov Anatoly , Huselnikov Illia
Published: December 2024

The article highlights the importance of mathematical skills development among IT students for working with various software and Game Development (GameDev) in particular. It is the mathematical tools in the software code that realize the game scenes construction and displaying as well as the game characters’ behavior, movement and interaction correlated with events, game environment and rules. The objective of the article is to analyze the role of Vector Algebra application in the Game Development field using case studies to motivate IT students to take the appropriate sections of Higher Mathematics. In game programming vectors are often used to describe a game character’s fundamental characteristics: position, velocity, and distance between two objects. Each object in the game has its own coordinates which determine its position in the virtual world. The implementation of Vector Algebra allows programmers to accurately determine a character’s or object route ensuring the movement smoothness and realism. The specific examples of C# program code fragments for the Unity 3D game environment were considered to demonstrate the methods of the player's movement in the virtual space. The results demonstrate that the mathematical modeling of the player’s or object behaviors on the playing field in the Cartesian coordinates is impossible without Vector Algebra and Trigonometry expertise. The given examples of Vector Algebra elements tailoring in curriculum are an evident demonstration of the relevance and importance of mathematical competences for Game Developers. Mathematical knowledge can be beneficial for Software Developers in designing high-quality products. IT students’ motivation supported by Math teachers has an influential effect on studying the relevant sections of Higher Mathematics. The introductory information about the case studies, expediency, further application of relevant mathematical knowledge and its impact on IT career in Software Development field might be rather effective.
COMMUNICATION PROCESSES SECURITY USING VISUAL CRYPTOGRAPHY
Authors: Rymchuk Iryna , Kostiuchko Serhii , Polishchuk Mykola , Hryniuk Serhii , Konkevych Liudmyla
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the study of data encryption technologies with an emphasis on visual cryptography, which is a modern and promising method of ensuring information confidentiality. The main attention is paid to the analysis of information encryption existing methods and the solutions development that allow to ensure reliable communications protection. Visual cryptography, as one of the modern methods, is relevant due to the growing need for protecting confidential data in the face of increasing cybersecurity threats. The paper describes the basic principles of visual cryptography, its advantages and application practical possibilities in areas where information confidentiality is of crucial importance, such as state security, the military, financial institutions and healthcare systems. The visual cryptography advantages are described, which allows transmitting encrypted messages in the form of images that can be decrypted by physically superimposing parts. This expands the potential of the technology in the authentication context and access systems. In addition, the article contains a software tools description for implementing information encryption and decryption, as well as a detailed overview of the possibilities of using programming languages to solve such problems. Key encryption algorithms and methods are considered, assessing their effectiveness and implementation possibilities in real information protection systems. Thanks to the conducted research, various approaches to data protection were analyzed and the visual cryptography advantages compared to other methods were identified. The results of the study demonstrate the visual cryptography effectiveness as a information protection method, especially in cases where it is necessary to avoid dependence on complex digital technologies. Prospects for further research include the development of more advanced visual encryption algorithms, adaptive to different conditions of use, as well as the implementation of technology for protecting critical data in various industries.
The influence of paratypical factors on the character of the lactation curve of Simmental ? Holstein cows
Authors: Velmatov Anatoly Anatolievich , Guryanov Alexander Mikhailovich , Velmatov Anatoly Pavlovich , Tishkina Tatyana Nikolaevna , Projoga Alexander Vladimirovich , Tishkina Alina Fedorovna
Published: December 2024

The nature of the lactation curve and milk productivity have been studied in hybrid “Simmental ? red-and-white Holstein” cows with the genotype 1/4   of Simmental breed +3/4 red-and-white Holstein breed and 1/8+7/8 of the same pedigree. The experiment was carried out at Agrosoyuz LLC in Ruzaevka district of Mordovia Republic. According to the study, cows with the 1/8 Simmental +7/8 red-and-white Holstein genotype of autumn-winter calving had the highest milk productivity. Their milk yield amounted to 8224 kg. The milk yield of cows with the 1/4 Simmental + 3/4 red-and-white Holstein genotype was 6901 kg. The coefficient of lactation constancy (CLC) in cows of autumn-winter calving was 96.0 and 97.9%. Next in terms of productivity are winter calving cows, whose milk yield amounted to 6800-8031 kg, with CLC of 94.9 - 97.8%. The lowest productivity was obtained from cows of summer calving period. The LP increases from 88.7 to 97.0% with the increase in cows live weight at first calving in the group of animals with the 1/4 Simmenta l +3/4 red-and-white Holstein genotype. In animals with the 1/8 Simmental +7/8 red-and-white Holstein genotype, the CLC increases from 97.6 to 98.1%. Based on the research conducted, we can conclude that the live weight of first-calf cows should be 580-600 kg. Under these conditions, high milk productivity is very likely. Analysis of the degree of influence of the service period value on the CLC showed the following: this indicator increased by 6.0% in 3/4 Holstein-bred genotype animals with the extension of the service period from 110.7 to 169.9 days; the increase of this indicator was only 1.1% in cows with 7/8 red-and-white Holstein genotype with a service period of 116.0-173.3 days. In highly productive cows, regardless of genotype, an increase in milk yield is associated with higher CLC.
Comparative assessment of bulls for service on economically useful features of daughters
Authors: Smirnova Yulia Mikhailovna
Published: December 2024

One of the main objectives of breeding is to increase the genetic potential of farm animal populations in dairy cattle breeding. Along with milk productivity of cows, an important factor promoting efficiency of animal husbandry is productive longevity and reproductive qualities of animals. For these purposes, we carried out a comparative assessment of stud bulls according to economically useful traits of their daughters. We found that the highest number of offspring belonged to the W.B. Aidial 1013415 line (32.3%) and the lowest number of cows belonged to the M. Chiftein 95679 line at 6.2%.Daughters of the Holstein lines bulls were characterized by higher milk yield in the first and third lactations, with the productivity of 7,8 – 9,6 thousand kilogram of milk, and higher fat content (3,91 and 4,03%). According to the parameters of productive longevity, we can point out daughters of the following bulls: Bonus 36 of the R. Sovering 198998 line with duration of economic use of 3,5 lactations and lifetime productivity of 21,7 thousand kg, Duplet 10101 of the A. Adema 30587 line (3,2 lactations and 22,2 thousand kg), and Muravei 413 of the S.T. Rokit 252803 line (3,3 lactations and 23,3 thousand kg). According to the number of live calves, we can distinguish daughters of the following bulls: Bonus 36 of the R. Sovering 198998 line (4.1 head), Duplet 10101 of the A. Adema 30587 line (3.8 head) and Muravei 413 of the S.T. Rokit 252803 line (3.6 head).  Daughters of the same bulls produced the highest number of heifers – 2.3, 2.0 and 2.2 head, respectively. Taking into account the safety of young stock and the number of culls during the breeding period, only one first-calf heifer will be introduced into the main herd, which in turn will lead to the absence of the selection element in breeding work. Consequently, identification, selection and intensive use of improving bulls, whose daughters have high productive longevity and good reproductive qualities, is an extremely necessary selection method in the improvement of breeding cattle.
Theoretical study of the formation process of mushroom substrate blocks in a piston press
Authors: Pavlov Pavel Ivanovich , Smotryakov Dmitri Andreevich , Dzyuban Ivan Leonidovich
Published: December 2024

The article discusses the interaction of a piston press with a substrate when forming blocks for growing mushrooms. Existing piston press designs have a rectangular channel, which determines the nature of the pressing process and the forces acting on the material. A block can be formed with a non-constant density across the cross-section. To equalize the density in the proposed press, the pressing channel is made in the form of a cone. The conducted force analysis made it possible to establish analytical expressions for determining the forces on the piston. To work in a channel of variable cross-section, the piston is made in the form of two movable contacting working plates with the ability to move relative to each other.
Mechanical and mathematical justification of the operation of the upper sieve extension of the combine harvester cleaning system
Authors: Startsev Alexander Sergeevich , Iksanov Konstantin Valerievich , Demin Evgeniy Evgenievich , Gdansky Nikolay Ivanovich , Vasilchikov Valentin Vladimirovich
Published: December 2024

The article describes the process of separating the grain pile on the extension of the upper sieve of the combine harvester cleaning system. Mathematical modeling of the extension operation process was carried out, as a result of which mathematical expressions were obtained to determine the weight of loose grain and unpolished ears in the recycling auger when it passes through the extension and when it descends from the extension into the chaff. The variables are the average values of the coefficients that affect the performance of the cleaning system and the extension of the upper sieve. Based on the results obtained, graphical dependencies are constructed. The simulation result showed that the percentage of loose grain and unpolished ears in the recycling auger was 9.9–13.5 % of the grain pile supply to the upper sieve of the cleaning system, and when it descended from the extension into the chaff – 0.86–5.05 %.
Substantiation of the composition and parameters of the on-board electric system of an electric vehicle, a breeding combine
Authors: Yuferev Leonid Yurievich , Sporov Anton Pavlovich
Published: December 2024

The improvement of agricultural machinery, including electric combines and electric tractors, is due to the evolution of technology, especially in the field of electric drive. The on-board electric system plays a key role in providing power supply to the assemblies and systems of the electric combine and electric tractor, which increases its productivity, improves the operator's working conditions and reduces energy consumption. According to Rosstat reports for 2023, tractors account for 50 to 60%, and combines for 30 to 40% of the total number of agricultural machines, while the number of electric agricultural machinery is less than 1%, and electric combines are not produced at all. The composition and parameters of the on-board network of an electric mobile vehicle and electric vehicles for agricultural purposes have been determined and justified. The sources of power supply for the breeding combine and the electric tractor have been determined, and a flow chart of the power supply of the on-board electric system of agricultural vehicles with electric drives have been developed. Groups of electrical equipment have been identified depending on their functionality and the purpose of vehicle components. The parameters of possible consumers of electricity in electric combines, electric tractors are established and their functional purpose has been described. To ensure reliable power supply for all systems, the development of an on-board electrical network is required. The optimized on-board electric system helps to increase the productivity of vehicles, improves the operator's working conditions and reduces energy consumption as a whole.
Study of physiological diversity of leguminous (chickpea, lentil, soybean) based on the biochemical parameters of green mass and grain in the Volga Region
Authors: Kibkalo Ilya Anatolievich , Pominov Alexey Vladimirovich , Zhuk Ekaterina Alekandrovna
Published: December 2024

Based on the study of the relationship between biochemical parameters of green mass of soybean, chickpea and lentil accessions and grain yield and its quality, as well as criteria of laboratory tests for drought resistance in lentil, interspecific and intraspecific features of physiological reactions of leguminous plants in arid conditions of the Volga region are indicated at the phenotypic and genotypic levels. A general downward trend in grain protein content during the development of mechanical tissues in a green plant has been revealed, which, nevertheless, may be a mechanism of drought resistance, as in soybean. The useful substances and moisture accumulated in chickpea were most effective for crop formation and its quality. Lentil experienced the highest level of stress. It has been demonstrated that the degree of cell membrane damage, as well as the content of carotenoids and fats in the green mass of lentil can be criteria for its relative drought resistance.
A competitive variety of winter wheat Zhila with high-quality grain
Authors: Kovtun Viktor Ivanovich , Kovtun Liudmila Nikolaevna
Published: December 2024

Winter wheat is Russia's leading strategic crop. It ensures sustainable grain production, largely determines food security, and political and economic stability of the country. The aim of the research is to create adaptive, stress-resistant genotypes of wheat of a universal type with a complex of basic economic characteristics for cultivation in the conditions of the North Caucasus, Lower Volga and Central Chernozem regions of Russia. The creation of new wheat varieties is carried out using modern methods of classical, haploid and marker-assisted breeding. The basis of these methods is a complex, step-by-step hybridization and purposeful, continuous individual selection in all parts of the breeding process, starting with the third generation of hybrids. The selection of adaptive, competitive wheat genotypes is carried out according to the characteristics of the model of universal varieties of different intensity developed by us. The varieties were studied according to the type of competitive tests, the method of placing variants was systematic, the repetition was 4-fold. At the last stage of crosses, the Solokha wheat variety was used as the maternal form, the Smuglyanka variety was the paternal form. The Zhila variety belongs to the erythrospermum variety. This is a high-yielding variety, on average, over the years of study, the grain yield excess over the standard Grom variety was high, reliable and amounted to 1.62 t/ha. The variety is quickly-ripening; its growing season is 4 days shorter compared to the mid-ripening Grom variety. It has a high resistance to lodging and belongs to the intensive-type varieties. In terms of the main structural elements of yield (the number of grains per ear, the weight of the grain and the weight of 1000 grains) significantly exceeds the Grom variety. The Zhila variety is characterized by high drought resistance and heat resistance. According to flour-baking indicators, the new variety corresponds to strong wheat. It is characterized by high field resistance to a complex of diseases (powdery mildew, brown, yellow and stem rust, loose smut, tan spot, fusarial wilt, septoriose).
Yield formation of Chinese mustard varieties depending on seeding rate in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region
Authors: Gushchina Vera Aleksandrovna , Lykova Anna Sergeevna , Prokhorova Yulia Alekseevna
Published: December 2024

Recently, mustard has become increasingly relevant and of general interest, as it is a universal multi-purpose crop. To realize the biological potential of new mustard varieties under certain conditions, it is necessary to improve the cultivation technology. Experimental work on the study of new mustard varieties and optimization of the seeding rate was carried out in 2022-2023 on the meadow-chernozem soil of the collection site of the Penza State Agrarian University. On average, over two years, field germination decreased from 81.0% at a seeding rate of 1.0 million of viable seeds per 1 ha to 78.7% at a higher rate (3.0 million of viable seeds per 1 ha), the survival of plants was 73.0 and 62.5%, or 64.6 and 132.8 plants per 1 m2, respectively. The optimal number of plants:   101.9–120.3 per 1 m2 is in crops with seeding rates of 2.0 and 2.5 million of seeds per 1 m2. In the Pervotarovskaya variety, their density was 94.0–115.3 per 1 m2, in Valenta 98–112.8 per 1 m2 with the number of branches on the plant of 3.9–3.7 and 4.3–3.9 pcs., respectively. Each plant formed 45.5–50.4 pods, which contained 14.3–16.0 large and full seeds. The weight of 1000 pieces reached 3.64 and 3.36 g, respectively. The varieties Pervotarovskaya (2.33 t/ha) and Valenta (2.25 t/ha) had the maximum biological potential for the conditions of the Middle Volga region with a seeding rate of 2.5 million of viable seeds per 1 ha.
A comparative evaluation of compound feed storage methods in terms of quality and safety
Authors: Belyshkina Marina Evgenievna , Serebryakova Oksana Vladimirovna , Zagoruiko Mikhail Gennadievich
Published: December 2024

Maintaining the quality and safety of compound feeds during long–term storage is one of the main directions of the feed industry development. The purpose of the study was to analyze the physico-chemical and microbiological quality indicators of compound feeds as a complete diet for laying hens after different designed storage methods. Research objective was to determine the effect of storage methods on the quality and safety of compound feed for laying hens. Four groups of laying hens compound feeds were prepared and stored in different ways: storage at a temperature of 18-20 ° C – in vacuum packaging, in a warehouse, in a package made of special "food" polypropylene fiber of high strength, in a warehouse at a temperature of 18–20°C with ozonation of the room and samples in a refrigerating room at the temperature is 5–8°C. As a control, samples were stored in a package made of high-strength "food grade" polypropylene fiber in a warehouse at a temperature of 18–20°C without ozonation of the room and samples. The physicochemical parameters, microbiological safety indicators, and the vitainin-B content  in experimental and control groups were studied. Based on the results of  this  experiment, it was found that, the suitable methods to preserve the physico-chemical parameters, the degree of biological activity and microbiological safety of complete compound feeds for laying hens, are to store compound feed in vacuum packages and in refrigerating rooms with a temperature of no more than 5–8°C.
A technique for representing algorithms for controlling a pumping plant in a greenhouse in the form of BPMN notation
Authors: Kargin Vitaly Aleksandrovich , Mokrushin Sergey Aleksandrovich , Solovyov Dmitry Aleksandrovich , Strelnikov Vladimir Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2024

A modern greenhouse includes a number of engineering systems allowing to control technological processes for maximizing the yield of crop production. However, the use of existing automatic control systems, designed mainly for industrial greenhouses with high production, seems impractical for small farms. In particular, the technological process that ensures high yields is water supply. The creation of an automatic control system for a pumping unit using programmable technical means, for example, industrial logic controllers (PLC), to compensate for uneven water consumption in greenhouses is quite prospective. To implement structured logic circuits in programming, it is important to develop control algorithms. This article presents an approach for the use of Business Process Model and Notation to represent algorithms for controlling a pumping plant for greenhouse water supply. The method allows to record in detail all the stages of the process, and improve the visualization of the sequence of steps and the logic of actions.
Study of the technical capabilities of mobile equipment for the corn grain conditioning in the field
Authors: Novikova Alla Vladimirovna
Published: December 2024

Every year, the country records an increase in yields for strategically important crops. Corn belongs to such crops and has its own technological features during cultivation and storage. It is difficult to ensure the safety of corn grains, since the timing of its harvesting falls on the autumn-winter period, which affects its humidity. The existing material and technical base of the elevator fund does not provide adequate operational acceptance and conditioning of grain during the period of active harvesting time, which affects the quality of storage of grain piles with high humidity. For this reason, hundreds of hectares of uncollected crops remain in the field every year. The shortage of stationary grain storage sites and the low throughput of grain receiving points and elevators forces the agricultural producers to look for ways to work on the harvested crop to reduce weed impurities and humidity. The purpose of the work is to determine the technical capabilities of mobile equipment for corn grain processing in the field. The objectives of the study are to give a production characteristic to mobile installations (grain cleaning equipment and a grain dryer); to perform timing and establish the actual performance of mobile equipment in the field during corn grain conditioning; to determine the optimal conditions for corn grain conditioning in the field. The experience of grain conditioning on low-power mobile equipment: grain cleaning plant OVS-25 and grain dryer brand PEDROTTI 120 at the input quality of corn grain (humidity up to 30 %; weed admixture up to 3 %) has been studied. A comparative analysis of the production capacity of the equipment in the autumn-winter period is carried out. The optimal conditions for drying grain on a mobile grain dryer have been determined. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations are given to the production.
Improvement of working bodies of machines and tools for soil cultivation based on a rheological model of the soil state
Authors: Ruzhev Vyacheslav Anatolievich , Kalinin Andrey Borisovich , Teplinsky Igor Zinovievich , Kalinina Valentina Andreevna , Savenkov Bogdan Viktorovich , Sergeev Alexandr Sergeevich
Published: December 2024

One of the reasons for the high energy costs of tillage is the use of traditional methods for constructing the working surfaces of tillage working bodies. Due to the fact that there are no quantitative relationships between the parameters of the working surfaces and the values of the indicators of technological operations, the main properties of the processed layer, as well as the properties of structural materials, are taken into account in the calculations. At the same time, intrasoil rheological processes are insufficiently counted, which allow assessing the energy costs required for the deformation and destruction of the processed soil layer. The theoretical studies were based on a rheological model of the soil state, the system of equations of which allows to describe the mechanism for creating the shape of the working surface, as well as to select the parameters and operating modes of the working bodies. It was found that the destruction of the soil layer occurs on the basis of the patterns established by Mohr's strength theory, which takes into account the difference in the properties of the material under tension and compression. Full-scale experimental studies were conducted to comparatively assess the quality of the performance of technological processes by working bodies with a serial and improved shape of the working surface, as well as energy costs for soil cultivation. The results were assessed using statistical methods, taking into account the random nature of the information obtained in the probabilistic-statistical sense. The presented methodology for improving the shape of the working surface using a rheological model allows intensifying the processes of soil layer destruction by tillage working bodies performing technological operations of soil crumbling and loosening. When using loosening shovels with an improved shape of the working surface, the mathematical expectations of soil hardness in the processed layers have lower values compared to the soil condition after passing shovels with a standard shape of the working surface. It is evident that in the 5 cm soil horizon the decrease was 30 %, and at a depth of 35 cm – 8 %. This means that the soil has a looser structure due to the increased intensity of crumbling of the processed layer. subsoiler and undercutting share of the potato harvester.