bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Designing culturally-rich local games for mathematics learning
Authors: Susanti Elly , Sholikin Nur Wiji , Marhayati Marhayati , Turmudi Turmudi
Published: May 2020

[English]: This study aimed to design and implement local games-based mathematics learning (das-dasan) to support students' mathematical strategic competence. It consisted of three stages, namely the identification and analysis of traditional game, the design of learning activities based on Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), and the implementation in the classroom which involved twenty 7th-grade students. Data about the local game was collected through observations and interviews with five residents where the game is originated. Data on students’ strategic competence was achieved through a test given to the students after learning. The analysis of test results refers to the indicators of mathematical strategic competence. The present study found that fifteen students are able to achieve all indicators (formulating, representing, and solving the problems) with high scores. Meanwhile, five students could only represent the problems but have not fulfilled the last two indicators. The findings of this study indicate that learning mathematics based on traditional the das-dasan games has a potential to help students develop mathematical strategic competence.

Keywords: Learning design, Ethnomathematics, Local game, Das-dasan, RME

[Bahasa]: Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang dan mengujicoba pembelajaran matematika berbasis permainan tradisional (das-dasan) sebagai upaya untuk mengembangkan kompetensi strategis matematis siswa. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu: identifikasi dan analisis permainan tradisional, perancangan pembelajaran berbasis permainan tradisional berdasarkan Realistic Mathematics Education (RME), dan implementasi dalam pembelajaran di kelas yang melibatkan 20 siswa kelas VII. Data terkait permainan tradisional dikumpulkan melalui pengamatan dan wawancara dengan lima warga tempat permainan tersebut berasal. Data kemampuan strategis matematis siswa diperoleh melalui tes yang diberikan setelah pembelajaran. Analisis hasil tes siswa merujuk pada indikator kompetensi strategis matematis siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 15 siswa berhasil memenuhi semua indikator kompetensi strategis matematis dengan kategori nilai akhir sangat baik. Sedangkan 5 siswa berhasil mencapai indikator pertama (merumuskan masalah) namun belum semua memenuhi indikator merepresentasikan dan menyelesaikan masalah. Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran matematika berbasis permainan tradisional das-dasan memiliki potensi untuk membantu siswa mengembangkan kemampuan strategis matematis.
Kata kunci: Rancangan pembelajaran, Etnomatematika, Permainan lokal, Das-dasan, RME
Collaborative learning within critical mathematics education
Authors: Avci Bulent
Published: May 2020

[English]: This article investigates ways in which collaborative learning in critical mathematics education can promote critical citizenship and democracy to counter neoliberal hegemony in education. Drawing on critical participatory action research in a U.S. high school classroom, the article argues that collaborative learning in critical mathematics education is a coherent alternative to neoliberal approaches to collaborative learning to promote justice based participatory democracy.  
Keywords: Critical mathematics education, Collaborative learning, Neoliberal pedagogy, Citizenship, Democracy
[Bahasa]: Artikel ini menyelidiki bagaimana pembelajaran kolaboratif dalam pendidikan matematika kritis dapat mendorong terwujudnya demokrasi dan sikap warga negara yang kritis untuk melawan hegemoni neo-liberal dalam pendidikan. Merujuk pada penelitian tindakan kelas berbasis partisipasi kritis di kelas sekolah menengah atas di Amerika Serikat, artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa pembelajaran kolaboratif dalam pendidikan matematika kritis merupakan alternatif yang koheren terhadap pendekatan neo-liberal dalam pembelajaran kolaboratif untuk mendorong partisipasi demokratis berbasis keadilan. 
Kata kunci: Pendidikan matematika kritis, Pembelajaran kolaboratif, Pedagogi neo-liberal, Kewarganegaraan, Demokrasi
Identifying the structure of students’ argumentation in covariational reasoning of constructing graphs
Authors: Sutini Sutini , Aaidati Iffana Fitrotul , Kusaeri Kusaeri
Published: May 2020

[English]: This study aimed to identify students’ claim, evidence, and reasoning in covariational reasoning of constructing the graphs of a function. Covariational reasoning is one of the approaches to solve the problems of function. The study involved thirty grade 11 students. Data was collected through a covariation test and interview. The results of the test were grouped based on the criteria of mental action of covariational reasoning (Carlson et al., 2002), then the students who solve correctly two or three problems in the test were selected as the subjects. The interview data were analyzed to confirm and further dig students' structure of argumentation. The findings of this study indicate that only one student fulfils five mental actions of covariational reasoning; meanwhile, the other three students have similar components of argumentation which do not meet the mental actions. The claim and reasoning used by the latter students in covariational reasoning to construct graph are not identified in mental action 5 and the evidence is not found in mental action 3 (major coordination of change), mental action 4 (coordination the average rate of change), and mental action 5 (coordination of the instantaneous rate of change).

Keywords: Argumentation, Claim, Evidence, Reasoning, Covariational reasoning

[Bahasa]: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi klaim, bukti, dan alasan siswa pada penalaran kovariasional dalam mengonstruk grafik fungsi. Penalaran kovariasional merupakan salah satu pendekatan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan fungsi. Penelitian ini melibatkan 30 siswa kelas 11. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan tes kovariasi dan wawancara. Data hasil hasil tes kovariasi siswa dikelompokkan berdasarkan kriteria aksi mental penalaran kovariasional (Carlson et al., 2002), kemudian dipilih siswa yang mampu menyelesaikan minimal dua soal kovariasi. Data hasil wawancara dianalisis untuk mengonfirmasi dan menggali lebih dalam argumentasi siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hanya satu siswa yang memenuhi lima aksi mental penalaran kovariasional sedangkan ketiga siswa lain memiliki persamaan komponen argumentasi yang tidak memenuhi aksi mental. Untuk ketiga siswa tersebut, klaim dan alasan yang digunakan dalam membangun grafik fungsi tidak berada pada aksi mental 5 sedangkan bukti tidak berada pada aksi mental 3 (koordinasi besar perubahan), aksi mental 4 (koordinasi laju perubahan rata-rata), dan aksi mental 5 (koordinasi laju perubahan sesaat).

Kata kunci: Argumentasi, Klaim, Bukti, Alasan, Penalaran kovariasional
Analysis of Utilization Bandwidth and Power Transponder Extended C-Band On The Satellite Telkom 3S VSAT SCPC
Authors: Romadhona Shinta , Nur Faizah Intan Rizqiyani , Budi Imam MP
Published: May 2020

On satellite communication systems, bandwidth and power are limited and expensive resources. Optimization of bandwidth and power utilization in Telkom 3S Satellite could be achieved if the ratio value of the percentage of bandwidth and power is 1: 1. The optimization conditions are influenced by the calculation of the link budget, the use of appropriate modulation and FEC settings. QPSK and 8-PSK modulation techniques with FEC used are ¾, 7/8, and 0.9 with a 9 m Hub antenna and VSAT SCPC with a diameter of 2.4 m and the same data rate of 1024 kbps. Based on the results of this research, the lower the modulation technique used, the lower the ratio of bandwidth and power. The most optimal FEC value to be used is 8-PSK modulation at FEC 0.93 with the resulting percentage is 97.25%, where the total carrier bandwidth generated is 93.415, and the amount of carrier power is 96.05, while the worst is modulation QPSK is at the FEC of 3/4 by producing a percentage of 35% which falls into the limited power category. Thus, the most appropriate modulation used on the Telkom 3S Satellite is the 8-PSK modulation with an FEC of 0.93.
Outage Performances of 5G Channel Model Influenced by Barometric Pressure Effects in Yogyakarta
Authors: Larasati Solichah , Yuliani Serli Ridho , Danisya Achmad Rizal
Published: May 2020

The need of using telecommunications networks is driving develop to increasing a cellular technology. Cellular technology has reached the fifth-generation (5G) which is expected to be launched in 2020. 5G technology is predicted to use high frequencies, where high frequencies present a new challenge namely wave propagation attenuation problems that are affected by natural conditions such as barometric pressure, rain rate, humadity, and vegetation density. Differences from the shape of the earth's contours and natural conditions in each region require research to find the most appropriate channel model to be used in the region.The channel model is obtained based on the representative value of Power Delay Profile (PDP) simulation resul ts using the NYUSIM channel simulator. The frequency used is 28 GHz with a scenario under the influence of minimum and maximum barometric using environment parameters based on the city of Yogyakarta. PDP value is used to calculate the outage probability of channel capacity (C) is smaller than the coding rate (R) so that it indicates a failure of detection at the receiver based on the shannon theory. Outage probability is obtained by the cumulative distribution function of the capacity evaluated against the coding rate. Outage probability result in both scenarios are able to reach a point of 10-4, for coding rate ½ it needs 17.649883 dB, for coding rate ¾ it needs 20.020953 dB, dan coding rate 1 it needs 22 dB. This shows that barometric does not significantly influence the performance of the 5G communication system.
The Communication System of Building from Outdoor to Indoor with AMC at 10 GHz
Authors: Eska Andrita Ceriana
Published: May 2020

The propagation model of communication systems was used propagation from outdoor to indoor of building. In the inside that building used partition with brick. That propagation condition used downlink condition from mobile station side. The communication frequency used 10 GHz. Some parameter variation was used in this research such as radio base station coverage, mobile station location of building, and code rate communication. The coverage variation of radio base station used femtocell and picocell. As the result described signal to noise ratio (SNR)at every node communication, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) variation, and coverage area percentage in the building. The modulation and coding scheme (MCS) was used consist of QPSK, 16 QAM, and 64 QAM
A Study of Right Shoulder Injury in Collegiate and Professional Orchestral Cellists: An Investigation Using Questionnaires and Physical Assessment
Authors: Rickert Dale , Barrett Margaret , Halaki Mark , Driscoll Tim , Ackermann Bronwen
Published: May 2020

PURPOSE: Cellists sustain high levels of playing-related injury and are particularly susceptible to right shoulder pain, yet no studies have attempted to propose a mechanism for disease or establish possible causal factors. The aim of this study was to investigate shoulder injury levels
and causes in two populations: professional orchestral cellists and college-level student cellists. METHODS: A questionnaire and physical testing protocol was applied to both groups of participants, eliciting information on lifestyle, playing habits, and self-reported injury rates as well
as physical data on shoulder strength, range of motion, and signs of injury. RESULTS: Right shoulder injuries are common among both student (20%) and professional (42%) cellists and seem to be associated with measures indicating potential lack of strength in the scapular stabilisers as well
as potential degenerative changes in the rotator cuff. Significant differences were found in the lifestyle and playing habits of the two groups. There were increased signs of pain and stiffness in the professionals and evidence of decreased muscular support in the students. Male cellists showed
less scapular stability; female cellists, however, generally had higher levels of pain. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that injuries at the shoulder, potentially involving impingement-type pathologies, are a common cause of pain in cellists. Based on this study, future research for cello
players could focus on targeted interventions, such as exercises for the scapular stabilisers and muscles of the rotator cuff.
Examination of Weight Transfer Strategies During the Execution of Grand Battement Devant at the Barre, in the Center, and Traveling
Authors: Krasnow Donna , Wilmerding M Virginia , Stecyk Shane , Wyon Matthew , Koutedakis Yiannis
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine grand battement devant at the barre, in the center, and traveling through space. The primary focus was to consider weight transfer in three conditions: from two feet to one foot for the barre and center conditions, and from one foot to the other
foot in traveling. Forty female dancers volunteered (mean age 30.0 ± 13.0 yrs) and were placed in three groups: beginner (n = 12), intermediate (n = 14), and advanced (n = 14). Data were collected with a 7-camera Vicon motion capture system using a Plug-in Gait Full Body Marker set
and with two Kistler force plates. Dancers executed five grand battement devant in each of three conditions in randomized order: at the barre in 1st position, in the center in 1st position, and traveling through space. Four variables were investigated: center of gravity of the full trunk,
center of gravity of the pelvis, center of gravity of the upper trunk, and center of mass. Data were analyzed in three intervals—stance to battement initiation (STN to GBI), initiation to battement peak (GBI to GBP), and peak to end (GBP to END)—and in the x-axis and y-axis. The
main effect condition was significant for all four variables in both x-axis and y-axis (p<0.001). There were no significant differences for training and no significant condition 3 training interactions. Condition was significant for all three intervals (STN to GBI, GBI to GBP, and GBP to
END) for all four variables in both axes (p<0.01). Dance educators might consider the importance of allocating sufficient time in dance practice to each of the three conditions—barre, center, and traveling—to ensure development of a variety of motor strategies for weight transfer.
Effects of Rehearsal Time and Repertoire Speed on Extensor Carpi Radialis EMG in Conservatory Piano Students
Authors: Baeyens Jean-Pierre , Serrien Ben , Goossens Maggie , Veekmans Katia , Baeyens Regs , Daems Walter , Cattrysse Erik , Clijsen Ron
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Repetitive actions while playing piano may overload forearm muscles and tendons, leading to playing-related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs), including lateral epicondylitis. METHODS: In this pilot study, surface electromyography (sEMG) activity of the extensor carpi radialis
(ECR) was captured in 10 conservatory piano students while playing a fast and a slow music score selected from the individual’s repertoire, each 3 minutes long. Measurements were made at baseline and again after 2 hrs and 4 hrs of rehearsal time of the piano études. The amplitude
of the sEMG signal was processed by a smoothing algorithm, and the frequency component with a non-orthogonal wavelets procedure. Amplitude of the sEMG was expressed in percent of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) at baseline. Statistical analysis encompassed 2-way repeated measures ANOVAs
for the amplitude and frequency components of the sEMG signal (a set at 5%). The students also rated the intensity of rehearsals using a VAS. RESULTS: The ECR presented with a mean amplitude of 23%MVC for the slow scores, which increased significantly to 36%MVC for the fast scores. The sEMG
signal presented a significant though small decrease of 1.9%MVC in amplitude between baseline and 4 hrs of rehearsal time and no shift in frequency, which may indicate that the rehearsals were held at a physiological steady-state and suggesting optimization or complementary muscle loading.
CONCLUSIONS: These data accentuated that the loading of the ECR (as reflected in the amplitude component) was higher than that seen for computer keyboard workers. The augmented loading of the ECR and reduced blood flow to forearm muscles may be a factor in the development of PRMDs in pianists.
Characteristics, Properties, and Associations of Self-Assessed Pain Questionnaires: A Literature Review and Prospective Cohort Study Among Dance Students
Authors: van Rijn Rogier M , Stubbe Janine H
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVES: To provide an overview of measurement properties of the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire (OSTRCQ), pain visual analogue scale (VAS-pain) and Self-Estimated Functional Inability Because of Pain (SEFIP) scale in dance populations, and to investigate the relationship
between these questionnaires in pre-professional contemporary dancers. METHODS: A search of PubMed was conducted and studies were included if they 1) used one of the three questionnaires within a dance population and 2) assessed the reliability, validity, or responsiveness of the questionnaire(s).
134 dance students (67.5% female; 19.4±1.5 yrs) were prospectively followed during 1 academic year. The OSTRCQ, VAS-pain, SEFIP, and injuries were self-assessed on a monthly basis. Pearson correlation analyses and repeated measures correlation analyses were performed to identify possible
associations. RESULTS: The literature overview resulted in two studies describing measurement properties of the SEFIP (n=1) and OSTRCQ (n=1). Prevalence of injuries ranged from 23.1 to 42.6%. Weak monthly correlations (r=0.14–0.50) were found between OSTRCQ and SEFIP. Moderate monthly
correlations (r=0.54–0.71) were found between OSTRCQ and VAS-pain, and weak/moderate monthly correlations (r=0.30–0.62) were found between SEFIP and VAS-pain. Repeated measures correlation demonstrated a moderate overall correlation between ORSTCQ and VAS-pain (r=0.57), with weak
overall correlations between ORSTCQ and SEFIP (r=0.26) and SEFIP and VAS-pain (r=0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Studies on measurement properties of questionnaires in dance are scarce. Weak/moderate associations were found between the OSTRCQ, SEFIP, and the VAS-pain questionnaires. Future high-quality
research should investigate measurement properties of these questionnaires within dance populations. The results contribute by substantiating choices when developing a surveillance system.
Quantitative assessment of neural elements in a rat model using nerve growth factor after remnant-preserving anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction:a haematoxylin and eosin staining and immunofluorescence study
Authors: Lee Sung Hyun , Cho Hyung Gyu , Song Jin Soo , Chun Keun Churl , Chun Churl Hong
Published: May 2020

Background: Immunofluorescence analyses of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) allografts following remnant-preserving ACL reconstruction using Achilles tendon allografts have provided evidence for the presence of neural elements. In this study, we aimed to examine the expression of neural elements and quantify the presence of neural cells in ACL remnants and Achilles allografts using nerve growth factor (NGF) therapy after remnant-preserving ACL reconstruction.Methods: Experiments were conducted on 5 pairs of rats (approximately 8 weeks old and weighing 320 g at the time of surgery). Longitudinally split Achilles tendons from the paired rats were freshly frozen and later defrosted with warm saline and allografted onto the right ACL of the other rat that was partially detached at the femoral attachment site. A sham operation was conducted on the left knee to be used as a control. NGF was injected into both knee joints every week for 6 weeks after surgery. The presence of neural cells in the ACL of the sham-operated knee, allografted Achilles tendon, and ACL remnant was examined 6 weeks post-surgery using H and E and immunofluorescent staining.Results: H and E staining did not reveal neural cells in any of the three groups. However, immunofluorescence analysis showed the presence of nestin-positive neural elements in the normal ACL tissues as well as ACL remnants. Additionally, neural elements were examined in 7 of the 8 (87.5%) allograft tissues. Quantitative analysis showed no difference in the number or area of nuclei among the three groups. However, the number and area of neural cells in the Achilles allografts were significantly lower than those in the other two groups (p=0.000 and p=0.001, respectively).Conclusion: Our observations indicate that ACL remnants promote the new ingrowth and persistence of neural cells. We suggest that the ingrowth of neural elements can support the persistence and new ingrowth of mechanoreceptors, thereby enhancing the functional stability of knee joints. Moreover, the expression of neural cells in the Achilles allografts was lower than that in normal ACL tissues and ACL remnants in the quantitative evaluation, thereby confirming the essential role of ACL remnants in knee joint functionalization.
Program on high value cost-conscious education in Intensive Care:Educational program on prediction of outcome and cost awareness on Intensive Care admission
Authors: Wagenberg Linda van , Beurskens Charlotte J. P. , Stegeman Inge , Müller Marcella C. A.
Published: May 2020

Background: Intensive Care (ICU) involves extended and long lasting support of vital functions and organs. However, current training programs of ICU residents mainly focus on extended support of vital functions and barely involve training on cost-awareness and outcome. We incorporated an educational program on high-value cost-conscious care for residents and fellows on our ICU and measured the effect of education. Methods: A cohort study with factorial survey design, in which ICU residents and fellows were asked to evaluate clinical vignettes, was performed on the mixed surgical-medical ICU of the Amsterdam University Medical Centre. Residents were offered an educational program focusing on outcome and costs of ICU care. Before and after the program they filled out a questionnaire, which consisted of 23 vignettes, in which known predictors of outcome of community acquired pneumonia (CAP), pancreatitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cardiac arrest were presented, together with varying patient factors (age, body mass index (BMI), acute kidney failure (AKI) and haemato-oncological malignancy). Participants were asked to either admit the patient or estimate mortality.Results: BMI, haemato-oncological malignancy and severity of pancreatitis were discriminative for admission to ICU in clinical vignettes on pancreatitis and CAP. After education, only severity of pancreatitis was judged as discriminative. Before the intervention only location of cardiac arrest (in- vs out of hospital) was distinctive for mortality, afterwards this changed to presence of haemato-oncological malignancy.Conclusion: We incorporated an educational program on high-value cost-conscious care in the training of ICU physicians. Based on our vignette study, we conclude that the improvement of knowledge of costs and prognosis after this program was limited.
IgG anti-hinge antibodies against IgG4 F(ab’)2 fragments generated using pepsin are useful diagnostic markers for rheumatoid arthritis: implications of the possible roles of metalloproteinases and IgG subclasses in generating of immunogenic hinge epitopes.
Authors: Ota Toshiyuki , Ota Shun-ichiro , Uchino Ayumi , Nagano Shuji
Published: May 2020

Background. Pepsin agglutinators, discovered over 50 years ago, have been recently referred to as anti-hinge antibodies (AHAs) because of their reaction with the IgG hinge epitope. AHAs have different reactivity for each hinge epitope generated by each protease that cleaves the hinge region at different sites. Moreover, AHAs have different reactivity against different hinge epitopes derived from each IgG subclass even when the same protease is used. Since the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) is enhanced in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), AHA production could also be increased. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the levels of AHAs against IgG hinge epitopes produced by MMP-3 are elevated in RA.Methods. The serum levels of IgG or IgA AHAs against the IgG1/IgG4 F(ab’)2 fragments, generated by either MMP-3 or pepsin, was measured using ELISA in 111 patients with RA and 81 healthy controls (HC). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used for obtaining optimal cutoff values and cutoff values indicating high specificity (>95%) of the AHA. The targeted epitope of a specific AHA was investigated through inhibition ELISA. Results. Seven AHAs were statistically higher in RA patients than HC, except IgG AHA against IgG1 F(ab’)2, which was generated by MMP-3 proteolytic cleavage. The areas under the ROC curve were of 0.66--0.80, although the sensitivities at high specificity were low (5.4--24.3%). The cumulative number of positive AHAs in each individual was statistically higher in RA patients than HC, suggesting the extreme extent of AHA repertoires in RA. Inhibition studies revealed that IgG AHAs against IgG4 F(ab’)2 fragments generated by pepsin cross-reacted with IgG1 F(ab’)2 fragments generated by pepsin. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the IgG AHA against IgG4 F(ab’)2 fragments generated by pepsin as an independent variable for RA diagnosis, even in RA patients who were negative for both RF and ACPA (odds ratio 1.18, 95% CI: 1.06−1.32; P=0.003). Additional experiments using non-RA patients finally strengthened the diagnostic utility.Conclusion. In RA patients, we observed diversification and amplification of AHA repertoires and diagnostic utility of the specific AHA against IgG4 F(ab’)2 fragments generated by pepsin but not MMP-3.
Diagnostic performance of ultrasonography, dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, and early and delayed 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT in preoperative parathyroid gland localization in secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Zhang Rongqin , Zhang Zhanwen , Huang Pinbo , Li Zhi , Hu Rui , Zhang Jie , Qiu Wanglin , Hu Ping
Published: May 2020

Background: Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) usually requires parathyroidectomy when drug regimens fail. However, obtaining an exact preoperative map of the locations of the parathyroid glands is a challenge. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of US, dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, and early and delayed 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT in patients with SHPT.Methods: Sixty patients with SHPT who were undergoing dialysis were evaluated preoperatively by US, dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy, and early and delayed 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT. Postoperative pathology served as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were determined for each method. Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyse the correlation of hyperplastic parathyroid calcification with serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and parathyroid hormone (PTH).Results: A total of 229 lesions in 60 patients were pathologically confirmed to be parathyroid hyperplasia, with 209 lesions in typical sites, 15 lesions in the upper mediastinum and 5 lesions in the thyroid. A total of 88.33% (53/60) of patients had four lesions. US and early and delayed 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT had significantly higher sensitivity and accuracy (P < 0.001) than dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy. Furthermore, early 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT had significantly higher sensitivity (χ2 = 17.521, P < 0.001, χ2 = 35.027, P < 0.001) and accuracy (χ2 = 11.076, P = 0.001, χ2 = 16.289, P < 0.001) than US and delayed 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT. In patients with ectopic hyperplastic parathyroid glands, the sensitivity of early 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT (90%) was significantly higher than that of US (55%) and dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy (50%) (P = 0.039 and P = 0.039). The Spearman correlation results showed a significant linear association between calcification and both serum PTH (r = 0.398, P = 0.002) and ALP (r = 0.415, P = 0.002).Conclusion: The ability of early 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT to detect hyperplastic parathyroid glands in patients with SHPT is superior to that of US, dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI scintigraphy and delayed 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT; furthermore, dual-phase 99mTc-MIBI SPECT/CT is not essential.
Healthcare Providers’ Perspectives on Family Presence During Resuscitation in the Emergency Departments of the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Abuzeyad Feras , Elhobi Ahmed , Kamkoum Wael , Bashmi Luma , Qasim Ghada Al , Alqasem Leena , Mansoor Naser Mohamed Ali , Hsu Stephanie , Das Priya
Published: May 2020

Background: Worldwide, policies exist on family presence during resuscitation (FPDR), however, this is still lacking in the Gulf Corporation Countries (GCC) in general and in the Kingdom of Bahrain in particular. The aim of this study is to assess the perspectives of healthcare providers (HP) on FPDR among those working in the emergency departments (EDs) in the Kingdom. Methods: A self-administered anonymous electronic survey was collected from 146 HPs (emergency physicians and nurses) working in the three major EDs in the Kingdom of Bahrain. Besides demographic data, 18 items measuring HPs’ perceptions of FPDR were generated using the 5-point Likert scale.Results: Surveys (n= 146) from physicians and nurses were analysed (45.9% vs. 54.1%, respectively). There were significant differences between physicians and nurses in terms of personal beliefs, FPDR enhancing professional satisfaction and behaviour, and the importance of a support person and saying goodbye (p< 0.001). However, general responses demonstrated that the majority of HPs encouraged and supported FPDR, but with greater support from physicians than nurses. Conclusion: The study reflects that many HPs in EDs participated in and are familiar with FPDR, with the majority of ED physicians supporting it. Further studies should investigate the reasons for the lack of support from nurses. Results may contribute to the development of hospital ED policies that allow FPDR in the region.
Prognostic Value of Circulating Tumour Cells detected with the CellSearch System in Esophageal Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Li Yiding , Wu Guiling , Yang Wanli , Wang Xiaoqian , Duan Lili , Niu Liaoran , Zhang Yujie , Liu Jinqiang , Hong Liu , Fan Daiming
Published: May 2020

Background: Esophageal carcinoma (EC) is the seventh-most prevalent tumour in the world, which is still the primary cause of tumour-related death. Identifying noteworthy biomarkers for EC is particularly significant in guiding active and effective treatment. Recently, circulating tumour cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood (PB) were intensively discussed as prognostic markers in patients with EC. However, an ongoing controversy still exists regarding the prognostic significance of CTCs determined using the CellSearch System in EC sufferers. This meta-analysis was designed to approach this topic. Methods: We systematically conducted searches using PubMed, Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Library for relevant studies, which were published through February 20, 2020. Using the random-effects model, our study was performed in Review Manager software, with odds ratios (ORs), risk ratios (RRs), hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) as effect values. Results: In total, 7 articles were finally included in this study. For clinicopathological characteristics, the pooled results on TNM stage indicated that the III/IV group had higher incidence of CTCs compared with the I/II group (OR=1.36, 95% CI (0.68,2.71), I2=0%). Incidence of CTCs was higher among patients on T3/T4 stage (OR=2.92, 95% CI (1.31,6.51), I2=0%) and distant metastasis group (OR=5.18, 95% CI (2.38,11.25), I2=0%) compared to patients on T1/T2 stage or non-metastatic group. The pooled analysis revealed that CTC positivity detected in EC patients was correlated with poor overall survival (OS) (HR =2.83, 95% CI (1.99,4.03), I2=0%) and relapse-free survival (RFS) (HR =4.71, 95% CI (2.73,8.13), I2=0%). When pooling the estimated RR, a poor therapeutic response to chemoradiotherapy was discovered in patients with CTC positivity (RR =1.99, 95% CI (1.73,2.29), I2=60%). Conclusions: In summary, our meta-analysis demonstrated that CTCs from PB of EC patients determined using the CellSearch System are correlated with the prognosis of EC patients and might indicate a poor therapeutic response to chemotherapy in EC patients.
Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio as a predictor for diagnosis of early Periprosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Yu BaoZhan , Fu Jun , Chai Wei , Hao LiBo , Chen Jiying
Published: May 2020

Background
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a catastrophic complication after total knee or hip arthroplasty. The diagnosis of PJI is very difficult, especially in the early postoperative period. The value of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is useful for diagnosing infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the NLR for the diagnosis of early PJI after total knee or hip arthroplasty.
Methods
We retrospectively evaluated consecutive primary total knee or hip arthroplasty and identified the patients who readmitted within the first 90 days postoperatively between January 2011 and October 2018. There were 20 cases diagnosed early PJI and 101 uninfected cases on the basis of the modified Musculoskeletal Infection Society (MSIS) criteria. The serum parameters including C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), white blood-cell (WBC) count, NLR, interleukin-6 (IL-6) were compared between the two groups. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated to estimate the optimal cutoff values for each parameter. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for each parameter were calculated.
Results
The CRP, ESR, WBC, NLR and IL-6 values were all significally higher in the infected group than the uninfected group. The mean CRP (infected = 59.06, uninfected = 10.09), ESR (infected = 35, uninfected = 17), WBC(infected = 7.95 × 109,uninfected = 6.16 × 109), NLR (infected = 4.89, uninfected = 2.18), IL-6 (infected = 40.68, uninfected = 7.46).. The best parameter for the diagnosis of early PJI was IL-6 (AUC = 81.4%; optimal cutoff value 8.07 pg/ml) followed by the NLR (AUC = 80.2%; optimal cutoff value 2.13), CRP (AUC = 79.3%; optimal cutoff value 9.27 mg/l), ESR (AUC = 74.4%; optimal cutoff value 22 mm/h) and WBC (AUC = 63.2%; optimal cutoff value 8.91 × 109).
Conclusions
This study is the first to show that NLR values are more accurate than CRP and may be considered as useful parameters for the diagnosis of early PJI because it is a cheap and convenient parameter to be calculated in daily practice without extra costs.
Developing implementation research capacity: longitudinal evaluation of the King’s College London Implementation Science Masterclass, 2014-19
Authors: Davis Rachel , Mittman Brian , Boyton Madelene , Keohane Aoife , Goulding Lucy , Sandall Jane , Thornicroft Graham , Sevdalis Nick
Published: May 2020

The authors have removed this preprint from Research Square.
The Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Dental Pulp in Modular Alginate-Gelatin/Nano-Hydroxyapatite Microcapsules
Authors: Alipour Mahdieh , Firouzi Nima , Aghazadeh Marziyeh , Samiei Mohammad , Montazersaheb Soheila , Khoshfetrat Ali Baradar , Aghazadeh Zahra
Published: May 2020

Background Microcapsule is considered as a promising 3D microenvironment for Bone Tissue Engineering (BTE) applications. Microencapsulation of cells in an appropriate scaffold not only protects cells against excess stress but also promotes cell proliferation and differentiation. Methods In the current study, human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) were cultivated in Alginate/Gelatin (Alg/Gel) and Alginate/Gelatin/nano-Hydroxyapatite (Alg/Gel/nHA) microcapsules. The proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of these cells were evaluated by MTT assay, qRT-PCR, Alkaline phosphatase, and Alizarine Red S.Results The results revealed that microencapsulation by Alg/Gel/nHA could improve cell proliferation and induce osteogenic differentiation. The cells cultured in the Alg/Gel and Alg/Gel/nHA microcapsules after 28 days showed 2.5-fold and 4-fold more activity of BMP-2 gene expression in comparison with the cells cultured on the polystyrene surface as a control group. The nHA addition to hDPSCs-laden Alg/Gel microcapsule could also up-regulate the bone-related gene expressions of osteocalcin, osteonectin, and RUNX-2 during a 28-day culture period. Calcium deposition and ALP activities of the cells were obsereved in accordance with the proliferation results as well as the gene expression analysis. Conclusion The study demonstrated that microencapsulation of hDPSCs inside Alg/Gel/nHA hydrogel can be a potential approach for regenerative dentistry in the near future.
A Novel tsRNA-16902 Regulating the Adipogenic Differentiation of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Authors: Wang Tao , Mei Jun , Li Xing-nuan , Xu Xiao-yuan , Ma Bai-cheng , Li Wei-dong
Published: May 2020

Background: Transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs) are a recently discovered form of non-coding RNA capable of regulating myriad physiological processes. The role of tsRNAs in hMSC adipogenic differentiation, however, remains incompletely understood. Methods: In this study we conducted transcriptomic sequencing of hMSCs after inducing their adipogenic differentiation, and we were thereby able to identify tsRNA-16902 as a tsRNA that was potentially differentially regulated in this context by a series of molecular biology methods. Results: When we knocked down tsRNA-16902 expression, this impaired hMSC adipogenic differentiation and associated marker gene expression. Bioinformatics analyses further revealed tsRNA-16902 to target retinoic acid receptor γ (RARγ). Luciferase reporter assays also confirmed the ability of tsRNA-16902 to bind to the RARγ 3’-untranslated region. Consistent with this, RARγ overexpression led to impaired hMSC adipogenesis. Further analyses additionally revealed that Smad2/3 phosphorylation as increased in cells that either overexpressed RARγ or in which tsRNA-16902 had been knocked down. We also assessed the adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs in which tsRNA-16902 was knocked down and at the same time as Smad2/3 inhibitor was added to disrupt Smad2/3 phosphorylation. The adipogenic differentiation of hMSCs in which tsRNA-16902 was knocked down was further enhanced upon the addition of a Smad2/3 signaling inhibitor relative to tsRNA-16902 knockdown alone. Conclusions: Through a comprehensive profiling analysis of tsRNAs that were differentially expressed in the context of hMSC adipogenic differentiation, we were able to identify tsRNA-16902 as a previously uncharacterized regulator of adipogenesis. tsRNA-16902 is able to regulate hMSC adipogenic differentiation by targeting RARγ via the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. Together our results may thus highlight novel strategies of value for treating obesity.
AC-YVAD-CMK Inhibits Caspase-1-mediated Imflammatory Response to Improve Bone Marrow Stromal Cells on Neuroprotection After Sci in Rats
Authors: Zhang Xiangtong , Qu Faling , Gao Aili , Li Yonghua , Shi Yue , Jin Chenfei , Zhu Guoxu , Chen Xin , Long Yu , Jiang Zhenfeng , Yang Kongbin , Liang Hongsheng
Published: May 2020

Background: Stem cell transplantation maybe an advantaged method for curing spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the adverse environment of the injured area makes the treatment effects on transplantation unsatisfactory. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AC-YVAD-CMK could change enviroment by inhibiting caspase-1-mediated imflammatory response to improve Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) transplantation on neuroprotection after SCI.Methods: Firstly, BMSCs were prepared and cultured in vitro and the SCI rat model was constructed. Then, AC-YVAD-CMK and BMSCs were injected into the SCI model at the same time. Western blot and ELISA were used to detect the production of inflammatory factors and neurotrophic factors in the injured area, meanwhile immunohistochemistry was employed to clarify the effect of AC-YVAD-CMK on BMSCs transplantation. Finally, we evaluated the recovery of limb motor function by BBB score in SCI rats.Result: In the AC-YVAD-CMK + BMSCs group, the active caspase-1, IL-18 and IL-1β expressed less than those in the BMSCs group or AC-YVAD-CMK group at 1 week after SCI (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, increasing brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) levels, the PKH26 labeled BMSCs with some being neurofilament protein-200 (NF-200)-positive were still observed in the contusion site. Furthermore, the restoration of motor connections across the injury sites was positively correlated with the recovery of spinal cord function in cotreatment group (P < 0.01).Conclusions: These results show that caspase-1-mediated inflammatory response is inhibited by AC-YVAD-CMK to enhance BMSCs transplantation to improve neuroprotection after SCI.
Self-adjusting ventilator control strategy based on PID
Authors: Shi Peng , Wang Na , Xie Fei , Su Hang
Published: May 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Dynamic Characteristics of High-speed Water-lubricated Spiral Groove Thrust Bearing based on Turbulent Cavitating Flow Lubrication Model
Authors: Lin Xiaohui , Wang shun , Jiang shuyun , Zhang shaowen
Published: May 2020

In this paper, a turbulent cavitating flow lubrication model based on two-phase fluid and population balance equation of bubbles was established to analyze dynamic characteristics of high speed water-lubricated spiral groove thrust bearings(SGTB). Stiffness and the damping coefficients of the SGTB were calculated using the perturbation pressure equations. An experimental apparatus was developed to verify the theoretical model. Simulating and experimental results show that the small-sized bubbles tend to generate in the turbulent cavitating flow when at a high rotary speed, and the bubbles mainly locate at the edges of the spiral groove. The simulating results also show that the direct stiffness coefficients are increased due to cavitation effect, and cross stiffness coefficients and damping coefficients are hardly affected by the cavitation effect. Turbulent effect on the dynamic characteristics of SGTB is much stronger than the cavitating effect.
COVID-19 and a novel initiative to improve safety by 3D printing personal protective equipment parts from computed tomography
Authors: Cote John , Haggstrom John , Vivkanandan Ranuga , Coté Kristin Ann , Real Daniel , Weber David P , Cheng Anne V , Dubay Nicholas Gregory , Farias-Eisner Robin
Published: May 2020

Background Powered air-purifying respirators are in short supply and can break down with extended use. Replacement parts can become hard to acquire. The aim of this study was to create an innovative quality improvement proof of concept using rapid prototyping. Methods Here we report three cases of 3D printed powered air-purifying respirator parts. 3D printing was performed on all parts using fused deposition modeling with standard polylactic acid, in the same way that presurgical models would be created. Measurements using an electronic caliper as well as CT scans were used to compare an original part to its corresponding 3D printed parts for accuracy. Results Electronic caliper and computed tomography measurements both showed accuracy consistant with current published norms. Conclusions Ultimately, there will be questions surrounding intellectual property, effectiveness and potential long-term safety for these types of 3D printed parts. Future research should look into the addition of specific nanoparticles from the position of cost, efficacy, safety and improved accuracy.
Mathematical modeling of COVID-19 spreading with asymptomatic infected and interacting peoples
Authors: SERHANI Mustapha , Labbardi Hanane
Published: May 2020

In this article we propose a modified compartmental (SIR) model describing the transmission of COVID-19 in Morocco. It takes account on the asymptomatic people and the strategies involving hospital isolation of the confirmed infected person, quarantine of people contacting them, and the home containment of all population to restrict mobility. We establish a relationship between the containment control coefficient $c_0$ and the basic reproduction number $\mathcal{R}_0$. Different scenarios are tested with different values of $c_0$, for which the stability of a Disease Free Equilibrium (DFE) point is correlated with the condition linking $\mathcal{R}_0$ and $c_0$. A worst scenario in which the containment is not respected in the same way during the period of confinement leads to several peaks of pandemic. It is shown that the home containment, if lived well, played a crucial role in controlling the disease spreading.
Classification Of X-ray Images For Detecting Covid-19 Using Deep Transfer Learning
Authors: Bansal Nidhi , S.Srid
Published: May 2020

The coronavirus disease COVID-19 eruption is stated as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. It is affecting around 212 countries and territories across the globe. There is a need to constantly analyze and find patterns from lungs X-Ray images. Early diagnosis can constraint the exposure of person and aids to bound the feast of the virus. The manual diagnosis is quite tedious and time-consuming process. The main aim of this paper is to explore the transfer learning potential. A deep learning framework is proposed adopting the capability of pretrained Deep Convolutional Neural Network models with transfer learning. This assists in classification of the chest X-Ray Images with high level of accuracy. An analysis is done with utilization of six pretrained models – VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50V2, InceptionV3, Xception and NASNetLarge. The experiment results showed that the highest accuracy obtained was 97% using VGG16 and VGG19 with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 94% respectively.