bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Alendronate Functionalized Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Osteoporosis Treatment- Development and Release Kinetics Study
Authors: Sandhya Pathak  , Satyendra Kumar Tripathi  , Archna Pandey
Published: January 2022

Osteoporosis means "Porous bone” is a disease characterized by progressive bone thinning. The deterioration of bone tissue can lead to bone fragility and fracture, especially of the hip, spine, shoulder and wrist. Osteoporosis is caused generally due the decreasing bone mineral density (BMD). Osteoporosis affects 30-40% women after menopause all around the world. Bisphosphonates are the most commonly prescribed drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis in the US and many other countries including India. Alendronate- sodium (AS) is a widely used anti-osteoporosis drug, exhibits strong inhibitory effect on bone resorption performed by osteoclast cells and acts as a potent, specific inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. AS was the first FDA approved bisphosphonate for treatment of osteoporosis in the US in 1995. The objective of the present study was to develop, optimize, and evaluate Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLN) of Alendronate-sodium drug which improve the solubility, dissolution rate and enhance the bioavailability of the drug. AS loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles have been developed using Glyceral Monosterate (GMS) as lipid and poloxamer 407 as the emulsifier by Emulsion -Solvent evaporation method. Different process variables i.e. concentration of surfactant, homogenization speed and time have been optimized. Formulated SLNs with GMS showed low particle size and high entrapement efficiency. The SLNs were characterized using Zeta sizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In-vitro drug release study was performed by dialysis bag diffusion method and different mathematical models were applied for the release study.
Pharmacological Importance of Some Transition Metal Complexes of Schiff Bases Derived From Substituted Anilines: A Review
Authors: Amita Chaturvedi  , Suman Malik  , Archana Singh
Published: January 2022

Schiff bases are condensation products of primary amines with carbonyl compounds. They are an important class of ligands that coordinate via azomethine nitrogen to metal ions and have been studied extensively. Transition metals ions are the trace elements present in the biological system. Schiff bases and their transition metal complexes are widely used for industrial purposes and they also exhibit a broad range of pharmacological activities including antifungal, antibacterial, antimalarial, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antifertility, herbicidal and antipyretic and many more. Present review deals with the pharmacological importance of some of the transition metal complexes of Schiff bases derived from substituted anilines.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrical Properties of Copolymer Derived from 2-Amino 6-nitrobenzothiazole, Dithiooxamide and Formaldehyde
Authors: Punam G. Gupta  , W. B. Gurnule  , R. H. Gupta
Published: January 2022

The BDF-II copolymer was synthesized by reacting2-amino 6-nitrobenzothiazole and dithiooxamidewith formaldehydein the presence of 2 M hydrochloric acid as a catalyst in 2:1:3 molar ratios. UV-visible, FTIR, and proton NMR spectral analysis were used to figure out the structure of the copolymer.The surface features of the copolymer were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The semiconducting nature of the copolymer was determined through electrical conductivity measurements. The electrical properties of the BDF-II copolymer were measured over a wide temperature range from 313-428K, the activation energy of electrical conduction was calculated, and the plot of log б vs 1000/T was found to be linear over a wide temperature range, classifying it as a semiconductor.
Chemistry and Sustainable Development
Authors: Manju Singh
Published: January 2022

One cannot ignore the part that chemistry plays in sustainable development because of how enormous this contribution is. The role chemistry towards this end comprises but not limited to:
• Boosting eco-friendly green chemical manufacturing and use;
• Limiting the use of non-renewable resources and utilizing renewable resources;
• Limiting the use of hazardous materials;
• Devising and making available eco-friendly and economical techniques for employment invarious industries.
One could define sustainable development as an undertaking that influences development to occur across all areas to seek new chemicals and new ways to create these chemicals in order to serve the larger purpose of developing and maintaining a sustainable society and environment. According to the former Director-General of UNESCO, green chemistry is imperative in order to fix the damage caused by climate change, to eliminate poverty, and to improve health. Since chemistry is such a huge and ever-growing subject of study that covers entire molecular structures, it is obvious that such a subject would play a massive role in sustainable development. Sustainable chemistry or green chemistry is something that is being embraced and promoted by a number of countries and it is something that is proving to be a significant part of a host of research initiatives, networks, etc. Sustainable development is conservation and management of resources in environment friendly manner.
Bio plastics, bio fuels, bio energy, green catalysts, green solvents, green and renewable products all are environmentally benign products, contribute toward the sustainable future of society. Few environment friendly tools are discussed in the present paper.
Structural and Photocatalytic Analysis of Nanostructured CdO, ZnO and their Composite Useful to Remove Textile Dyes Waste from the Drainage System
Authors: Chitra Bhukkal  , Rachna Ahlawat
Published: January 2022

In recent years, the fabrication of semiconductor nanostructures has increasingly been adopted as the stimulating mechanism in nanoscience and nanotechnology. The comprehensive investigation and environmental impact of CdO, ZnO, and their nanocomposite executed in this direction with the help of a profitable co-precipitate approach at room temperature. In the prepared sample, the diffractogram is having rock salt CdO and wurtzite ZnO crystalline phase while the composite sample has combinedpeaks of both.We have investigated the modified intensity, FWHM, crystalline size, and microstrain present in the synthesized samples. The texture of the surface is evaluated by SEM micrographs for prepared nanocrystallites. In the present study, Rhodamine B dye is being selected for decomposition and investigated the catalytic efficiency of prepared samples under visible light.
Pharmacognostic Anatomical and Preliminary Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Weed Plants Found in Bhandara Region. (M.S.)
Authors: Sayeda Parveen Qureshi
Published: January 2022

In the past two decades, concurrently with the renewed interest in drugs of plant origin as novel sources of bioactive compounds, extensive scientific research have been addressed on the properties of traditional plant against several diseases, as anthelmintic ,digestive, laxative and many others. Weeds are unwanted plants, but all unwanted plants may not be weeds.Generally weeds have been neglected and their use for medicinal purpose has not been considered on a large scale. Weeds flora of Bhandara District is very rich. The different phytochemicals like Alkaloids, Cellulose, Carbohydrates, Flavonoides, Glycosides, Phenols, Quinons, Saponins, Tannins, Terepenoids, Steroids and many others screen out in the plants are key reservoirs of many new essential drugs. Some important medicinal weeds studied in the present investigation were carried out they are Euphorbia hirta, Tridax procumbens, Parthenium Hysterophorus, Cassia tora, Achyranthus aspera. The present investigation is an attempt to analyze the crude drug of the whole plant. Such type of work can be utilized for identification and authenticity of the drug required for the standerdisation of the plant.
Study of Nutrition Content and Medicinal Value in Some Edible Wild Forest Vegetables Commonly Found in Bhandara District (M.S.)
Authors: Renuka P. Chopde  , Sanjay Meshram  , Kanchan Khaparde  , Amit Tembhurne
Published: January 2022

Wild edible plants play a major role in meeting the nutritional requirement of the rural population. The use of wild plants by human as a source of food is in practice since time immemorial. Most tribals are still depend on wild food bearing vegetal plants for food, medicine and nutritional supplement. These people are consuming near about 57 species of plants, which are seasonally available and especially tribal communities more consuming wild plants, which are Gond, Dhamdii. Wild foods are nutritious and powerful for improving the health and provide medicine, especially for pregnant women’s and children. In present study documented as such 20 wild forest vegetables species from core area forest, reserve forest, villages fringe, home courtyard and backyard, farm, lake, river side, canal with the help of native shepherd, eco-guides, farmers, local teachers and villagers from Sakoli, Umari, Lavhari, Parsodi, Jambhali, Kosamtondi, Pathri, Tudamapuri. There are mix communities living in periphery of Bhandara District, which is Kohali (Patil), Dhivar, Gond, Mana, Dhamdii, Pradhan and some other backward classes. These wild forest vegetables provide macronutrients such as Fat, Carbohydrates, Dietary fibre, Sugars, Protein, Moisture, as well as micronutrients as Folic acid, Ascorbic Acid, Alpha Tocopherol, Beta Carotene, Lycopene, anthocyanins, Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Manganese, amino acid, cholesterol, and Iron, Cobalt, Chromium. Zinc, Copper and Boron.
Geotrichum Candids Inciting Fruit Rot of Ivy Gourd in Synergistics Effect of Agrochemicals on Carbendazim
Authors: Vaishali S. Chatage
Published: January 2022

There was variation in the MIC of carbendazim among the Geotrichumcandidus incitant of fruit rot of Ivy gourd (Cucurbitaceae) fruits and isolate on (CZA) CzapekDox agar medium plates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) on CZA plates ranged from 4000 µg/ml while it was more resistant with resistant factor 2. Use of carbendazim with–other agrochemicals like Fungicides (mancozeb, copper oxychloride, chlorothalonil), Insecticides (phorate, chlorpyriphos and endosulfan), Herbicides (metribuzin, sodium salt and atrazine), Antibiotics (bacipen, ambistryn–s and penicillin), Salts (mercuric, chloride, stannous chloride and barium chloride), and Fertilizers (MOP, urea, 10:26:26) inhibited the growth of the pathogen in invitro studies.
Synthesis and PL Characterization of Zn4B6O13 : Eu3+ Phosphor
Authors: Vandana R. Kharabe
Published: January 2022

Modified solid state synthesis had been used to synthesize Zn4B6O13:Eu3+ phosphor. Compared to other methods, modified solid-state synthesis has several advantages.. Zn4B6O13:Eu3+ phosphor’s’ photoluminescence properties have been investigated.. The PL excitation spectra shows sharp peak at 393nm due to transition of 4f→5d. The shoulder peak of the PL emission spectra is observed at 614nm due to the 5Do→ 7F2 (red) transition of Eu3+ ion while the other peak is observed at 593nm due to the 5Do→ 7F1 (orange). All of the properties of the developed Zn4B6O13:Eu3+phosphor indicate that it could be beneficial in the lamp industry and solid state lighting.
QuEChERS: A Microextraction Technique for Pesticide Residue Analysis in Food Commodities
Authors: Geeta Singh  , Seema Mishra
Published: January 2022

Pesticide residues in food commodities has become a major cause of concern all-over the world. Analysis of pesticide residues from vegetable and fruit samples to ensure the safety of consumers is becoming increasingly important. The most important step of any analytical methodologies is sample preparation step because it determines the efficiency of any method. A good microextraction technique reduces the sample and solvent volume, maintaining the high performance, low-cost and improvement of the sampling steps such as extraction, concentration, isolation of analytes, and clean-up. Lots of analytical methods are developed to analysed multiple pesticide residues analysis and contaminantcontroloffoodproducts,feedstuff,andenvironmentalsamples. While in starting, the QuEChERS was introduced for pesticides residues analysis in fruits and vegetables, but over a period of time, it is gaining significant popularity in the analysis of wide spectrum of analytes. QuEChERS method provided high quality results in a fast, easy, an inexpensive approach. The method is very effective and gives recovery for most of the pesticides in the range of 80 -120 percent and the ruggedness of the method is evident from reproducibility, repeatability being within acceptable range in all the tested samples. Liquid-liquid partitioning using acetonitrile and purifying the extract using dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) is the key point of this method. The objective of this paper is to give an overview of the benefit of QuEChERS and the recent developments in the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) approach for sample preparation.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biological Evaluation of 4-(4-Bromo-1-Hydroxy Naphthalen-2-Yl)-6-(4-Methoxy Phenyl)-5,6-Dihydropyrimidine-2(1h)-One
Authors: V. M. Sherekar  , K. P. Kakade  , N. S Padole
Published: January 2022

1-(4- Bromo -1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-ethan-1-one was prepared by refluxing 4- bromonaphthalen-1-ol with glacial acetic acid in presence of fused ZnCl2. By condensing 1-(4- bromo -1-hydroxynaphthalen-2- yl)-ethan-1-ones with 4- methoxy benzaldehyde, to prepared by 1-(4- bromo -1- hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-3-(4-methoxy phenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one were synthesized.1-(4- bromo -1- hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-3-(4-methoxy phenyl)-prop-2-en-1-one, urea and concentrated HCl in DMF were added and refluxed. Cool and pour in crushed ice. Treat it with cold NH4OH solution to obtain titled compounds. The compounds thus synthesized have been characterized by physical and spectral data. All of these titled synthesized compounds have been screened for antimicrobial study and are found to possess excellent antimicrobial activities.
Physico-Chemical Properties of Fly Ash and Its Applications in Agriculture Field
Authors: Suresh D. Dhage
Published: January 2022

The Physical properties of fly ash is depending upon the coal type, boiler type, ash content in coal, combustion method and collector setup. The factor affecting or influencing the physical properties are also responsible for wide variation of chemical properties of fly ash. Two types of fly ash are generated in the thermal power plants; it is also contain micro and macro nutrients, required for growth of plants. Quality of soil is affects the growth of plant, due to low pH of soil plant growth has been affected, it is minimizing with external addition. Fly ash has many micro and macro nutrients with application of fly ash in soil pH of soil becomes controlled.
Safe use of Wheat Flour by Knowing Gluten Content
Authors: A. H. Bendale  , S. K. Patil  , A. P. Rajput  , L. M. Mahajan
Published: January 2022

There is greater demand for fast food in the form of noodles, pasta, pizza, bread, etc. in younger generation. Wheat is a staple food of many Indians. Wheat flour is the main ingredient of fast food products. The main contents of wheat are proteins and carbohydrates. Gluten is the protein part of wheat flour which gives elasticity and strength to dough. Wheat with high gluten content is preferred by many food industries however gluten is responsible for digestive discomfort and also found to be allergic, under such circumstances it is necessary for us to select wheat with less percentage of gluten for consumption. Hence in present study wheat flour gluten was analysed and the quantification of gluten was done by calculating wet gluten, dry gluten. The gluten index is also studied by using biochemical test (Folin-Lowry method). In all six local varieties of wheat were analyzed for gluten content, and out of them many showed high gluten content. Present study gives an idea to select the variety of wheat to be used for consumption.
Pitting Corrosion Susceptibility of Microstructural Features in a Compositionally Complex Ferritic Steel as a Function of Titanium Concentration
Authors: Wischhusen Mark , Glover Carol , Liaw Peter K. , Scully John R. , Agnew Sean
Published: January 2022

Compositionally and/or microstructurally complex alloys present multiple opportunities for achieving and optimizing desirable qualities that are not typically accessible through traditional, single-principle-component alloying methodologies, without significant compromise. FBB8+Ti, a novel ferritic steel strengthened by Heusler- and B2-strengthening phases, is one such alloy and is investigated here across a range of titanium concentrations for its corrosion performance in a chloride environment. Pitting potentials, corrosion rates, and passivation current densities were established during full immersion in 0.01 M NaCl for alloys prepared with a (a) 0.05 μm finish and (b) subsequent ion-polish, in separate experiments. A scanning electron microscopy was used to identify microstructural features that were vulnerable to metastable pitting on a sub-feature length scale, enabled by a series of potentiostatic holds in the passive region where nascent breakdown/repair occurs. No significant trend in corrosion behavior was observed with titanium content variance for specimens polished to a 0.05 μm finish within the range of compositions investigated, suggesting that alloy design may be optimized in terms of mechanical and thermal performance brought about by exploring titanium content without consideration on the effects of corrosion. Preferred sites of pit initiation were sensitive to the surface finish, highlighting the delicate balance between the susceptibility of possible favored pitting sites. Results were compared to stainless steel 316L where the passive current density for the FBB8 alloys was found to be favorable, despite slightly lower pitting potentials.
PROCESS OF POSSIBLE CURE OF YELLOW FEVER INFECTION THROUGH LYOPHILIZATION OF THE LIQUID DRUG OF THE MITIGATIONAL VIRUS AND ITS ADMINISTRATION IN THE FOREST THROUGH SPRAYING
Authors: Vilela de Faria Nunes Wanessa
Published: January 2022

The research opted for the general purpose of formulating the drug on a large scale and its dissemination after lyophilization by spraying. And for the following specific objectives: to apply the methodology in a specific laboratory; evaluate the level of cure by spraying the mosquito on a large scale; determine the possible cure through research. The mosquito Aedes aegypti is the main transmitter of the yellow fever virus in cities, this virus is also present in forests, the virus in turn contaminates the mosquito which in turn stings the monkey, which then begins to suffer from the disease. Then the problem arises: a virus-free insect that sucks the blood of this contaminated primate starts charging the yellow fever cause. And then you can pass it on to another monkey, which can spread it to another mosquito, in the forest regions, the insects of the genera Haemagogus or Sabethes bite monkeys with the disease and then pass it on to humans in the vicinity. It is plausible that Aedes Aegypti disseminates yellow fever in the cities, it is a vicious circle that has occurred for many, many years in the Brazilian forests. Mosquitoes of the genera Haemagogus and Sabethes only circulate through areas of forest. Now, if a person visits a forest or lives near another, for example, they may be bitten by one of those infected mosquitoes. And there, you run the risk of having wild yellow fever.
THE IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN THE CONSERVATION OF LIFE ON THE GROUND
Authors: De Oliveira Ramos Tatiana , Abrão Inácio Isabelle , Velozo da Silva Gleycon
Published: January 2022

The soil has an innumerable diversity of living beings, whose function is to maintain balance and proper functioning, which is why these beings can be known as bioindicators of soil quality. Thus, this theme becomes very important in environmental education, which in many places addresses this issue through research and teaching projects that aim to encourage people to think more sustainably in relation to the soil and especially the environment. The present work provides a survey of information on the subject and highlights the importance of soil invertebrates.
Strangers No More: Kinship, Clanship, and the Incorporation of Newcomers in Northern Iroquoia
Authors: Micon Jonathan , Birch Jennifer , Williamson Ronald F. , Lesage Louis
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we consider how institutions of kinship facilitated the integration of peoples originating in the St. Lawrence Valley into ancestral Huron-Wendat communities in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries AD. We present some general principles regarding the role of kinship in structuring social relations, processes of population movement, and the integration of newcomers. Data on the distributions and frequencies of characteristic St. Lawrence Iroquoian artifacts on four ancestral Huron-Wendat village sites in Ontario, Canada are utilized to infer the scale of population movement and processes of incorporation into lineages and clan segments. We argue that interpretive frameworks that explicitly incorporate categories and institutions of relatedness with traditional material culture analyses can shed new light on how groups of newcomers of varying scale and composition were integrated into Huron-Wendat households and communities.
Rethinking the Iroquoian Occupation of Northern New York
Authors: Abel Timothy J.
Published: January 2022

Recent Bayesian modeling of new high-precision AMS dates has caused a revision of the Iroquoian chronology of northern New York. The Iroquoian occupation is now estimated to date between AD 1425–1520, with no good evidence for developmental precursors in the region. The more than 50 village components in the region must now fit into almost half the temporal span as previously believed. All the settlement clusters now seem to have been contemporary and dual village settlement for some of the clusters now seems likely. For the ceramic seriation to remain true, one of the cluster sequences must be chronologically reversed, having significant implications for its culture history. Finally, while their dispersal from northern New York remains complex, it must be rethought considering the new chronology.
La Policía Nacional Civil a la defensiva
Authors: Editor El
Published: January 2022

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ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 52, No. 584, 1997: 607-612.
A Rare Presentation of Congenital Aryepiglottic Cyst With Concurrent Laryngomalacia
Authors: Wee Lim Yi , Mohamad Hazama , Sheikh Ab Hamid Suzina , Aziz Azliana
Published: January 2022

Congenital laryngeal cyst remains a rare but possible cause of airway obstruction that requires urgent referral to an otorhinolaryngology centre. Vallecular cyst commonly present immediately after birth with variable degree of airway obstruction symptoms depending on its size, but presentation of aryepiglottic cyst with concurrent laryngomalacia remains a conundrum as there are very few cases reported. Unlike the more obvious manifestation of stridor or increasing respiratory effort in most supraglottic cyst or laryngomalacia, the neonate presented only with weak cry which masqueraded early suspicion and referral of an airway pathology. We provide discussion on the rare clinical presentation aryepiglottic cyst with synchronous laryngomalacia and its management.
The relative effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation in conjunction with soft tissue treatment, as compared with soft tissue treatment alone, in the management of tension-type headaches in children
Authors:   , De Busser Nikki Lauren
Published: January 2022

Episodic tension-type is a highly prevalent condition with a significant functional impact at home and school (Schwartz et al. 1998). In children as in adults, it is the most common form of headache that a chiropractor will encounter in clinical practice (Davies 2000). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of chiropractic manipulation in conjunction with soft tissue treatment, as compared with soft tissue treatment alone, in the management of Episodic tension-type headache in children and adolescents. It was hypothesised that manipulation in conjunction with soft tissue treatment would provide a significant long-term benefit in comparison to soft tissue treatment alone. This study was performed as a clinical trial conducted at the Technikon Natal Chiropractic Day Clinic. Thirty children between the ages of eight to eighteen presenting with Episodic tension-type headache were selected to participate in the study and were randomly allocated into two equal groups. Patients in both groups were treated six times over a period of three weeks and were monitored with respect to their headache using a headache diary for one week prior to and one week following the course of treatment. A final assessment was performed once the patients had completed the headache diary for the second time. Both groups received a ten minute massage of the cervical and upper thoracic musculature, while patients in group A received chiropractic manipulation of the cervical and upper thoracic spine as well.
The effect of intermittent, mechanical cervical traction in the chiropractic management of mechanical neck pain
Authors:   , Wood Timothy George
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the relative effectiveness of two seemingly different approaches to manipulation of the cervical spine in the treatment of cervical spine dysfunction. The researcher postulated that a manual manipulation would have a greater effect in reducing pain and increasing range of motion that accompanies cervical dysfunction than an instrumental, low force, high velocity thrust delivered by means of an Activator Adjusting Instrument. The reason for this is that it provides greater joint movement. Methods This randomised controlled trial consisted of two treatment groups. Each group consisted of 15 subjects, between the ages of 16 and 65 years, selected from the general population and randomly allocated to treatment group A or B. Group A received instrumental thrusts delivered by an Activator Adjusting Instrument (AAI), while group B received standard diversified manual manipulations to the dysfunctional joints in the cervical spine. Each subject was assessed by using subjective measures of the CMCC Neck Disability Index, Numerical Pain Rating Scale and McGill Short- Form questionnaire; and the objective measure of degrees of cervical range of motion obtained using a cervical goniometer (CROM). Two tailed statistical analysis was conducted at a = 0.05, using the non-parametric Wilcoxin Signed Rank Test and the Mann-Whitney U Test comparing intra-group and inter-group data respectively. Further assessment of the data was conducted using power analysis. This data as well as the descriptive statistics were presented in tables and bar charts.
The effect of a homoeopathic preparation in the control of tobacco mosaic virus
Authors:   , Webb Kathleen A.
Published: January 2022

Most economically important crop plants may become infected with viruses. Several of these virus diseases are limiting factors in agricultural production and have contributed to serious economic and social hardship in many countries, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. Homoeopathic microdoses have been investigated for their role in the control of virus diseases, with good results. However, few of the studies contain statistical analyses. The object of this study was to assess the effect of a homoeopathic preparation of a leaf infected with tobacco mosaic virus (TM Viricum) in the contol of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The potencies used were 6CH, 12CH, 30CH and 200CH. iv Trays of 24 tomato seedlings per tray were the subjects of this study. Tomato plants were systemically infected with TMV. Four trays were used per treatment. There was an uninoculated and an inoculated control group. The rest of the test population was divided into two groups.
The effectiveness of needling of myofascial trigger points on internal- external muscle peak torque and total work ratios of the shoulder rotator myoatatic unit in overhead throwing athletes suffering from myofascial pain and dysfunction syndrome
Authors:   , Royce Nicholas
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine whether dry needling of myofascial trigger points (TrP's), found in the shoulder rotator myotatic unit, had an effect on the peak torque and total work parameters of the shoulder myotatic unit and by inference, the relative external rotation strength deficit in over-head throwing athletes. Athletes who perform overhead throwing sports such as: baseball, javelin, swimming/waterpolo and tennis, are susceptible to sustaining a micro-traumatic injury of the rotator myotatic unit of the shoulder, owing to repetitive high velocity mechanical stress placed on the shoulder at the extreme ranges of motion. The inherent structure of the shoulder, with three external rotators and five internal rotators, causes a muscle imbalance before an activity, such as throwing occurs, and this can predispose an athlete to Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSI) as a result of overuse or overload. The incidence and activation of TrP's in shoulder muscles can be accounted for on the basis of mechanical stress such as overuse / overload and thus could change muscle fiber co-ordination (muscle activity) and precipitate a painful lesion. It can be seen in current literature that TrP's produce a number of signs and symptoms such as: spasm of other muscles, weakness of involved muscle function, loss of co-ordination and decreased work tolerance of the involved muscle . Therefore the TrP's present in the shoulder rotator unit could contribute to changes in internal/external rotation ratios in over head athletes, and thus by deactivating or eliminating these TrP's, it is possible that these ratios may be
The Effect of the Old Fermentation of Liquid Organic Fertilizer with Rice Waste on Nitrogen Content, Phosphorus, and Potassium With the Addition of Human Urine
Authors: Fadhilah Achmad  , Mariani H. Mansyur
Published: January 2022

One source of organic fertilizer that is abundantly available in the environment is urine from humans. Urine is believed to affect the quality of the soil as a plant growing media. In addition, fertilizers are processed from stale rice waste too widely used by farmers in increasing crop productivity. In general, this research was conducted to produce liquid organic fertilizer made from waste rice and human urine. In particular this research implemented to determine the length of fermentation of liquid organic fertilizer made from the best waste of rice and human urine based on chemical content analysis (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) and look for the concentration of waste rice and urine humans are good for fertilization. The stage of this research methodology began by performing a liquid organic fertilizer formulation made from rice waste human urine is added and stored in a closed container for 4, 6, and 8 days then chemical analysis was carried out. The result show that the longer the fermentation of liquid organic fertilizer, the higher the content of N, P, and K produced. The 8-day fermentation time with a human urine concentration of 250 ml produced the best content with a nitrogen content of 3.17%, a phosphorus content of 2.68%, and a potassium content of 3.48%.   Therefore, it is expected that the use of stale rice waste with the addition of human urine as a source of liquid organic fertilizer which is abundant in everyday life is easier to apply by the community and can contribute to entrepreneurship.
When Hope And Tension Collide
Authors: Ongkowidjojo Hendry
Published: January 2022

Through a narrative criticism approach, this article describes how the theme of hope-and-tension form a common thread for the entire Gospel of Mark. Understanding how Mark maintains hope and tension throughout his Gospel will help readers explore Mark's Gospel in a more vivid, integral, and relevant way.
Theology As A Science And Ascience
Authors: Lumintang Stevri Penti Novri Indra
Published: January 2022

Doubting theological science and limiting the primacy of theology has been a subject of debate among scientists and theologians for centuries. The study aims to answer scientists who doubt theology as a science and warn theologians who only recognize theology as science but do not recognize theology as ascience. To achieve this goal, researchers use content analysis methods. The results found that, on the one hand, theology is science essentially, not because of the recognition of theologians, but because of its understanding, characteristics, activities, and dimensions as a science. On the other hand, in accordance with its nature, theology is ascience because of its understanding and presupposition, position, adequacy, certainty, and superiority over science. These findings confirm that theology is indeed the queen of all science. If theology is recognized as science and ascience, scientists and theologians will realize knowledge and life that is entirely integrative.
ANALISIS PERILAKU KONSUMEN DALAM KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN ONLINE SEBELUM DAN SELAMA PANDEMI COVID-19 STUDI KASUS PADA PENGGUNA APLIKASI SHOPEE DI KOTA MAKASSAR
Authors: S HERNIAH , N NORMIYATI
Published: January 2022

This research aimed to determine the differences between consumer behavior before and during the pandemic of Covid-19 as well as online purchasing decisions before and during the pandemic of Covid-19. The type of this research was quantitative by using a comparative approach. The samples of this research were 100 users of Shopee application in the Makassar. The technique of sampling in this research was used non-random sampling, namely by using purposive sampling technique. The results of this research used comparative analysis and obtain the results that there were differences between consumer behavior in purchasing before and during the pandemic of Covid-19 on Shopee application users in the Makassar, and the results showed that there were no differences in online purchasing decisions before and during the pandemic of Covid-19 on Shopee application users in Makassar.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara perilaku konsumen sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19 serta keputusan pembelian online sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif dangan menggunakan pendekatan komparatif. Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 100 pengguna aplikasi Shopee di kota Makassar. Adapun teknik penentuan sampel yang akan dilakukan dalam penelitian ini bersifat tidak acak (non-random sampling) yaitu dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis komparatif dan memperoleh hasil bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara perilaku konsumen dalam pembelian sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19 pada pengguna aplikasi Shopee di kota Makassar, serta di dapatkan hasil bahwa tidak ditemukan perbedaan keputusan pembelian online sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19 pada pengguna aplikasi ShopeeMakassar.
MISTERY BOX SEBAGAI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF KOMPETENSI SIKLUS AKUNTANSI PERUSAHAAN DAGANG
Authors: ARUMSASI DIAH
Published: January 2022

Conventional learning tends to be teacher-centered, making learning monotonous and boring, students are not active and lazy so that student understanding becomes low. The use of the right media can be a stimulus for students to be more enthusiastic in participating in the teaching and learning process. This requires creative ideas from the teacher as a designer and implementer of learning scenarios in the classroom. The purpose of this study is to find out whether the Problem Base Learning Model can improve students' understanding and mastery of the concept of the Trading Company Accounting Cycle. This Best Practice also uses recycled materials in the form of cardboard which is formed as a medium called "Mystery Box" to provide illustrations and simulations to students regarding trading company materials. The "Mystery Box" was carried out in the learning process as well as the Lesson Study program which was carried out together with the observation and assistance of the 2013 Curriculum Team from the LPMP Central Java Province and the Demak Regency Senior High School supervisor at SMA Negeri 2 Mranggen Class XII IPS 5 on the material of the Accounting Cycle of Trading Companies in 2018 is expected to have a positive impact on the teaching and learning process as well as schools and teachers of the 2013 Curriculum Implementation model.

ABSTRAK Pembelajaran konvensional cenderung berpusat pada guru menjadikan pembelajaran monoton dan membosankan, siswa tidak aktif dan malas sehingga pemahaman siswa menjadi rendah. Pemakaian Media yang tepat mampu menjadi stimulus bagi siswa untuk lebih antusias dalam mengikuti proses belajar mengajar. Hal ini memerlukan ide kreatif dari guru sebagai perancang dan pelaksana skenario pembelajaran di kelas.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Mengetahui apakah Model Pembelajaran Problem Base Learning dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan penguasaan siswa mengenai konsep Siklus Akuntansi Perusahaan dagang. Dalam Best Practise ini juga menggunakan bahan daur ulang berupa Kardus yang dibentuk sebagai media bernama “Mistery Box” untuk memberikan ilustrasi dan simulasi kepada siswa mengenai materi perusahaan dagang. “Mistery Box” yang dilakukan pada proses pembelajaran sekaligus program Lesson Study yang dilaksanakan bersama dengan observasi dan pendampingan Tim Kurikulum 2013 dari LPMP Propinsi Jawa Tengah dan pengawas SMA Kabupaten Demak di SMA Negeri 2 Mranggen Kelas XII IPS 5 pada materi Siklus Akuntansi Perusahaan Dagang pada tahun 2018 diharapkan mampu memberi dampak positif dalam proses belajar mengajar sekaligus sebagai sekolah dan guru model Implementasi Kurikulum 2013.
UBERIZAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DE TRÊS CATEGORIAS MARXISTAS
Authors: do Nascimento Araújo José Júlio César , de Souza Natividade Juliêuza , Botelho Mourão Arminda Rachel , de Oliveira Alencar Simone
Published: January 2022

Discute se a uberização pode ser nominada como um fenômeno do “tipo novo”. A pesquisa se insere na abordagem qualitativa e a pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada entre março e junho de 2020. A análise apresenta a uberização como um fenômeno resultante da configuração socioeconômica que tem produzido uma exacerbada precarização do trabalho, gerada pela nova era digital. Conclui-se que não se trata de um fenômeno novo, mas uma nuance construída para garantir a apropriação dos meios de produção pelo padrão para além da força de trabalho, resultando na perda da liberdade, da subjetividade e dos direitos trabalhistas, numa estratégia de imposição e falseamento da realidade por uma romantização das condições de exploração. Por outro lado, na uberização há controle absoluto do trabalhador, as formas de expropriação são evidentes, porém não localizáveis, visto que não são tributáveis nos países onde a extração da mais valia ocorre.
AS PERCEPÇÕES DOS DIRETORES DE CRECHE SOBRE A INTERAÇÃO DAS CRIANÇAS COM A NATUREZA
Authors: Bezerra de Lima Maria Isabel , Garcia Paulo Sérgio
Published: January 2022

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a percepção dos diretores escolares e as indicações presentes nos documentos oficiais das escolas sobre a interação das crianças com a natureza, nas creches da cidade de Santo André. A metodologia qualitativa foi utilizada, a partir de entrevistas com os diretores e análise de documentos oficiais das escolas. Os resultados indicaram que os documentos continham elementos de interação das crianças com natureza, todavia de forma mais subentendida do que explícita. Neste contexto, a interação era vista como um elemento pedagógico procedimental, um meio para se dar conta de um conteúdo. Os diretores sinalizaram, por um lado, que a interação da criança com a natureza é fundamental e que ela acontecia cotidianamente na creche, por outro, indicaram a falta de espaços para promover essa interação. Esses profissionais também indicaram as dificuldades para realização de ações relativas à interação associadas ao âmbito da escola e dos professores. Os dados desta presente pesquisa podem ser utilizados para promover discussões no nível do sistema, nas secretarias de educação, no nível escolar, entre os gestores, e na sala de aula, entre os professores.
SISTEM PENILAIAN KINERJA TENAGA PENDIDIK DAN TENAGA KEPENDIDIKAN BERBASIS WEB DI STEKOM SEMARANG
Authors: Arsito Ari Kuncoro  , Eko Haryono  , Paulus Hartanto
Published: January 2022

STEKOM College which has branch campuses in several places. Employee performance appraisals are carried out by superiors and branch campus coordinators using Ms. Excel. The results of the performance assessment are sent to the staffing department via e-mail. The personnel department will recap the results of the performance appraisal to be conveyed to the leadership. This assessment process takes a long time and tends to be inefficient. In this study, a web-based Employee Performance Appraisal System was developed that can be accessed online by relevant appraisers at the central campus and STEKOM branch campuses. The System Development Method uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach. Assessment elements include 6 (six) aspects, namely: Service Orientation, Integrity, Commitment, Discipline, Cooperation and Leadership. The results of the performance appraisal of educators (lecturers) apart from being used internally as a measurement of lecturers' work behavior, can also be used externally for the assessment of work behavior when the lecturer makes Employee Performance Targets (SKP), as well as being used to assess the performance of education personnel. System modeling uses the Unified Modeling Language (UML). Making the source code program using the Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) programming language with a web-based MySQL database using Notepad ++ software. The results obtained from the use of the employee performance appraisal system, performance reports can be obtained more quickly, making it easier for the staffing department to obtain data on employee performance appraisals effectively and efficiently.
Retrieving ice nucleating particle concentration and ice multiplication factors using active remote sensing validated by in situ observations
Authors: Wieder Jörg , Ihn Nikola , Mignani Claudia , Haarig Moritz , Bühl Johannes , Seifert Patric , Engelmann Ronny , Ramelli Fabiola , Kanji Zamin A. , Lohmann Ulrike , Henneberger Jan
Published: January 2022

Abstract. Understanding the evolution of the ice phase within mixed-phase clouds (MPCs) is necessary to reduce uncertainties related to the cloud radiative feedback in climate projections and precipitation initiation. Both primary ice formation via ice nucleating particles (INPs) and secondary ice production (SIP) within MPCs are unconstrained, not least because of the lack of atmospheric observations. In the past decades, advanced remote sensing methods have emerged which provide high resolution data of aerosol and cloud properties and could be key in understanding microphysical processes on a global scale. In this study, we retrieved INP concentrations, and ice multiplication factors (IMFs) in wintertime orographic clouds using active remote sensing and in situ observations obtained during the RACLETS campaign in the Swiss Alps. INP concentrations in air masses dominated by Saharan dust and continental aerosol were retrieved from a polarization Raman lidar and validated with aerosol and INP in situ observations on a mountaintop. A calibration factor of 0.0204 for the global INP parameterization by DeMott et al. (2010) is derived by comparing in situ aerosol and INP measurements improving the INP concentration retrieval for continental aerosols. Based on combined lidar and radar measurements, the ice crystal number concentration and ice water content were retrieved and validated with balloon-borne in situ observations, which agreed with the balloon-borne in situ observations within an order of magnitude. For seven cloud cases the ice multiplication factors (IMFs), defined as the quotient of the ice crystal number concentration to the INP concentration, were calculated. The median IMF was around 80 and SIP was active (defined as IMFs > 1) nearly 85 % of the time. SIP was found to be active at all observed temperatures (−30 °C to −5 °C) with highest IMFs between −20 °C and −5 °C. The introduced methodology could be extended to larger datasets to better understand the impact of SIP not only over the Alps but also at other locations and for other cloud types.
A new method for inferring city emissions and lifetimes of nitrogen oxides from high-resolution nitrogen dioxide observations: a model study
Authors: Liu Fei , Tao Zhining , Beirle Steffen , Joiner Joanna , Yoshida Yasuko , Smith Steven J. , Knowland K. Emma , Wagner Thomas
Published: January 2022

Abstract. We present a new method to infer emissions and lifetimes of nitrogen oxides (NOx) based on tropospheric nitrogen dioxide
(NO2) observations together with reanalysis wind fields for cities located in polluted backgrounds. Since the accuracy of the method is
difficult to assess due to lack of “true values” that can be used as a benchmark, we apply the method to synthetic NO2 observations
derived from the NASA-Unified Weather Research and Forecasting (NU-WRF) model at a high horizontal spatial resolution of
4 km × 4 km for cities over the continental United States. We compare the inferred emissions and lifetimes with the values given by
the NU-WRF model to evaluate the method. The method is applicable to 26 US cities. The derived results are generally in good agreement with the
values given by the model, with the relative differences of 2 % ± 17 % (mean ± standard deviation) and 15 % ± 25 %
for lifetimes and emissions, respectively. Our investigation suggests that the use of wind data prior to the satellite overpass time improves the
performance of the method. The correlation coefficients between inferred and NU-WRF lifetimes increase from 0.56 to 0.79 and for emissions increase
from 0.88 to 0.96 when comparing results based on wind fields sampled simultaneously with satellite observations and averaged over 9 h data prior
to satellite observations, respectively. We estimate that uncertainties in NOx lifetime and emissions arising from the method are
approximately 15 % and 20 %, respectively, for typical (US) cities. The total uncertainties reach up to 43 % (lifetimes) and 45 %
(emissions) by considering the additional uncertainties associated with satellite NO2 observations and wind data. We expect this new
method to be applicable to NO2 observations from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) and geostationary satellites, such as
Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) or the Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring Pollution (TEMPO) instrument, to estimate urban
NOx emissions and lifetimes globally.