bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The function of Early Natufian grooved basalt artefacts from el-Wad Terrace, Mount Carmel, Israel: Preliminary results of a use-wear analysis
Authors: Groman-Yaroslavski Iris , Rosenberg Danny , Yeshurun Reuven , Kaufman Daniel , Weinstein-Evron Mina
Published: October 2016

[Report]Grooved items are usually regarded as tools used for modifying other implements made of bone, stone, plants or wood, whether referred to as shaft straighteners, smoothers, polishers or sharpening tools. They were also attributed to various symbolic meanings in Neolithic and Chalcolithic sites in the southern Levant and they were also associated with bead manufacturing process in the Neolithic. Grooved basalts found on Early Natufian (ca. 14,000 BP) living floors at el-Wad Terrace, Mount Carmel, Israel, were the subject of microscopic use-wear analysis. Here we present the preliminary results of the research, introducing our functional reconstruction based on experiments. The most outstanding result is that traces on the perimeters, attributed to shaping of the artefact, are different from the traces inside the groove which are related to the use of the artefact. We conclude that the groove is a part of the instrument, shaped before its use in order to work the abraded materials. Traces indicate that the shaping of the perimeters was done by abrasion against a very hard rock, probably using water to enhance the smoothing of the stone. Traces inside the groove indicate, as was previously assumed for these artefacts, that the groove was used as a shaft straightener. However, traces also indicate that the groove was used to abrade different types of materials which might not be related to the preparation of shafts including reeds, wood, and especially minerals such as ochre. Our preliminary results indicate the multi-functional nature of these items shedding light on their production, use and discard history.
Plant use from the grinding stones’ viewpoint: Phytolith analyses from Aeneolithic Monjukli Depe, Turkmenistan
Authors: Öğüt Birgül
Published: October 2016

[Resesarch Article]Recent archaeological examinations include an increasing amount of natural science analyses. They are often carried out by external specialists and their results are often accepted by archaeologists without question. This may lead to incomplete integration of the results into an archaeological context. One of those methods, increasingly employed in the field of archaeology, is phytolith analysis. Phytoliths, microscopic silica bodies from genera-specific plant cells, allow searching for traces of plant material in archaeological contexts where methods based on macroscopic analysis have reached their limits. This paper combines natural science approaches with archaeological data by examining the social life of artefacts via phytolith analyses that can provide data to precisely determine the interpretation and variety of grinding stones, which are often misinterpreted. In this pilot study, the analyses confirmed the macroscopic observations for grinding plant material in some cases, but also opened new areas of study such as mineral-related activities, possible use of wooden implements and the connection between the different archaeological and botanical information. The analysed objects are grinding stones from Monjukli Depe, a small village in modern southern Turkmenistan that was occupied in the Neolithic and Aeneolithic periods. The site was excavated in the 1960s by Soviet archaeologists and restudied since 2010 by a team from the Free University Berlin.
The use of stone at Ohalo II, a 23,000 year old site in the Jordan Valley, Israel
Authors: Spivak Polina , Nadel Dani
Published: October 2016

A wide range of stones were found at the 22,000-24,000 year old lakeshore camp of Ohalo II, the Sea of Galilee, Israel. The well-preserved camp includes the floors of six brush huts, several open-air hearths, a grave, a midden, and small installations. Stones were found in all excavated loci. These include a small assemblage of basalt and limestone tools, among which bowls, grinding implements and weights are the most common. Use-wear analysis supports the identification of the grinding tools, suggesting that cereals were indeed processed with them, but not in an intensive manner. The presence of thousands of cereal grains as well as several sickle blades accord well these finds. Bowls were all shallow and only their fragments were found. Weights were likely used as fishing net sinkers. Limestone and basalt flakes indicate local knapping. Basalt and limestone fragments, shattered from heat, were abundant in all the excavated loci. Their original use is yet to be verified, but their shattering from heat was affirmed by a series of experiments. Stones were also used as wall supports. The range of types, contexts and activities reflected by stone tools and natural stones is unprecedented in other contemporaneous sites in the southern Levant.
Imaginarios sociales de educabilidad: el caso de una maestría en educación de la Universidad Católica de Manizales
Authors: Mazenett Gonzáles Elsa Victoria
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: presentar el ejercicio investigativo sobre la comprensión de los imaginarios sociales que configuran los maestros en formación de la maestría en Educación de la Universidad Católica de Manizales. Metodología: se acudió al enfoque de complementariedad sugerido por Murcia y Jaramillo (2008); al análisis del discurso desde las dimensiones referencial, expresiva y pragmática; así como a los imaginarios sociales como teoría de apoyo. El diseño comprendió tres momentos: la búsqueda de categorías foco; la elaboración del esquema de inteligibilidad inicial y, por último, el trabajo de campo en profundidad y la compresión mediada por la triangulación de la información. Conclusiones: se reconoció la emergencia de nuevas posibilidades transformadoras y de otras que aún están ancladas en la tradición.
Incidencias de la interrupción de la formación universitaria en la Institución Universitaria Antonio José Camacho de Cali, Colombia
Authors: Hernández González Edilberto , Castañeda Gamboa Gloria Irina , Trejos Trejos Lina María
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: identificar algunas incidencias, cuando un sujeto decide afrontar la vida desligándose de una institución de educación. Metodología: la investigación se desarrolló desde una perspectiva de investigación cualitativa, con un diseño exploratorio y fenomenológico. El análisis privilegió una perspectiva crítico-comprensiva. Hallazgos: el fenómeno denominado deserción responde a una decisión personal, no necesariamente asociada a factores institucionales donde generalmente se centra la mirada; sino que responde a dinámicas de búsqueda y construcción subjetiva. Conclusiones: se destaca la capacidad para tomar decisiones, participar en dinámicas de movilidad social y construirse subjetivamente desde las propias expectativas.
Reflexiones en torno a la sistematización de experiencias: una miradas desde el trabajo investigativo con tres organizaciones comunitarias del pacífico colombiano
Authors: Orozco Vallejo Mauricio , Franco Chávez Fanny Patricia
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: reconstruir participativamente experiencias en las que emerjan saberes prácticos que sustenten la acción política y los discursos de colectivos, grupos u organizaciones que trabajan por la defensa del territorio–región Pacífico. Metodología: sistematización de experiencias. Conclusiones: reflexiones que parten del reconocimiento de los saberes derivados de las experiencias que han construido las comunidades negras del Pacífico colombiano en el marco de su apropiación territorial y de sus distintas concepciones sobre el buen vivir.
Perspectivas de otras educaciones
Authors: Fernández Arbeláez Olga Lucía
Published: October 2016

El presente artículo de revisión se constituye en un recorrido que identifica los momentos claves en el desarrollo de las diferentes concepciones de la educación y su influencia en épocas y contextos histórico-sociales, que respondieron a ciertas necesidades de formación académica. Para lograr lo anterior, se aplicó una metodología de revisión documental incluyendo fuentes primarias y secundarias, páginas web, revistas de circulación nacional, legislación y normatividad sobre educación y otros textos académicos, lo que permitió comprender los desarrollos que han tenido los tipos de educación que se alejan de la educación formal.
Inclusión de la persona con discapacidad visual en la enseñanza de la trigonometría
Authors: Gómez Urrea Jhon Jairo
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: fortalecer los procesos de aprendizaje de la trigonometría en una estudiante con discapacidad visual. Metodología: la población del estudio fue una niña con discapacidad visual de la Institución Educativa Adolfo Hoyos. La Investigación Acción Educativa –IAE, se inscribe en un enfoque cualitativo, con metodología mixta. Hallazgos: falta comunicación entre los agentes educativos y las entidades que deben velar por las personas con discapacidad. Conclusiones: la discapacidad no se genera por deficiencia sino por falta de interés. No es necesaria alta tecnología o grandes inversiones de dinero para empezar a cerrar la brecha de la inclusión. Una buena comunicación es el primer paso para que los estudiantes de trigonometría puedan entender y resolver problemas relacionados con ella. Palabras clave: educación especial, educación integradora, análisis matemático.
Transformar realidades inclusivas desde pequeños territorios: una oportunidad para mirar al otro
Authors: Bernal Mejía Ana María , Buitrago Echeverri Beatriz Lorena , Espinal Gutiérrez Anna María , Montejo Niño Lilia Yaneth , Peña Fernández María del Carmen
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: buscar alternativas pedagógicas para asumir desde los contextos institucionales y del aula, la inclusión educativa de la población con barreras para el aprendizaje y la participación. Metodología: ejercicio crítico/social. El artículo reflexiona respecto a las posibilidades de apertura de espacios educativos auténticos que respondan a las necesidades contextuales de los educandos con barreras para el aprendizaje y la participación, desde la conversación y confrontación directa con los maestros de la escuela pública en Armenia, Quindío. Conclusión: es necesario construir equipos de trabajo que movilicen la inclusión escolar como un asunto propio de las instituciones y no como una tarea de entes externos.
La educación matemática desde la cultura Guambiana
Authors: López Herrera Yolanda , Marín Idárraga Fredy Enrique
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: identificar los aspectos centrales de la cultura Guabiana, relacionados con el proceso de enseñanza de las matemáticas. Metodología: la investigación se inscribe en la tipología histórica hermenéutica, con un enfoque cualitativo. Hallazgos: se resaltan elementos sobre la enseñanza de las matemáticas coherentes con la forma de vida del pueblo Misak. Conclusiones: las narraciones de los taitas, las mamas y los líderes del resguardo dan cuenta de las experiencias de vida que se relacionan con la cosmovisión, los trabajos desarrollados con la madre tierra y la construcción de los conceptos matemáticos a partir de las prácticas cotidianas dentro de sus contextos.
El contexto de los menores trabajadores como estrategia para la comprensión de la noción de magnitud y cantidad
Authors: López Jaramillo Alba Marien , Aldana Bermúdez Eliécer
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: propiciar el aprendizaje del objeto matemático de magnitud y cantidad en menores trabajadores, mostrándoles cómo la educación es una alternativa para superar su condición de vulnerabilidad. Metodología: se utiliza como marco teórico las situaciones didácticas, de acuerdo con los lineamientos de atención educativa a poblaciones vulnerables; se parte del contexto del estudiante y con una metodología de ingeniería didáctica apoyada en la resolución de problemas en contexto, se desarrollan secuencias de enseñanza y de aprendizaje. Hallazgos: el menor aprende en la práctica de su labor. Conclusión: aprovechando el contexto del menor trabajador, se logra optimizar el proceso de enseñanza de conceptos matemáticos.
El currículo incluyente y diverso de la clase de religión en escuelas del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Roa Quintero Luisa Fernanda , Restrepo Jaramillo Luis Guillermo
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: comprender las relaciones existentes entre las creencias religiosas de los estudiantes de la básica primaria y el diseño curricular de la educación religiosa escolar en el departamento del Cauca. Metodología: proceso etnográfico para reconocer los credos religiosos presentes en el aula y la posibilidad de una visibilidad de los mismos en la propuesta formativa de la clase de religión. Conclusión: la labor docente es orientar e interactuar con el entorno en cuanto al saber religioso.
La enseñanza de las matemáticas en un contexto multicultural hacia un currículum intercultural
Authors: López Herrera Yolanda , Victoria Ochoa Darwin Alexis
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: fortalecer los conocimientos matemáticos y su razonamiento lógico desde una matemática intercultural en estudiantes de diferentes nacionalidades que presentan el examen de desarrollo de educación general. Metodología: enfoque mixto con predominancia cualitativa, se inscribe bajo el tipo de Investigación Acción. La población estudiada está conformada por 24 estudiantes inmigrantes hispanoamericanos. Como instrumentos de recolección de información se utilizaron entrevistas, un test diagnóstico y uno pos test. Hallazgos: se evidencia el efecto negativo en el manejo del lenguaje matemático en algunas culturas. Se encontró un vacío en la relación de las matemáticas con el contexto. Conclusiones: el currículum intercultural favorece la interconexión entre las culturas y el conocimiento. La ayuda didáctica ayudó a fortalecer conocimientos matemáticos.
Las comunidades de aprendizaje en la enseñanza de las habilidades de lectura crítica de textos hipermediales
Authors: Villa Lombana Vanessa
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: contribuir a la didáctica de la lectura crítica en la educación media utilizando algunos medios y tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC). Metodología: investigación cualitativa y enfoque de teoría fundamentada. Se realizó un proceso de intervención con un docente y 24 estudiantes de grado once. Como instrumentos de recolección de información se tuvieron entrevistas, grupos focales y un registro mediante una matriz de observación en cada sesión de trabajo. Resultados: con la implementación de una estrategia didáctica para apoyar la enseñanza de la lectura crítica de textos hipermediales en el contexto de una comunidad virtual de aprendizaje, se lograron identificar los factores que intervienen en el desarrollo de dicha propuesta y determinar el potencial didáctico de la plataforma educativa de medio social Edmodo, como mediadora de la comunidad virtual. Conclusiones: es necesario desarrollar procesos investigativos que aprovechen el valor didáctico de las TIC y el carácter social del aprendizaje que promueven, en el fortalecimiento de una alfabetización digital crítica de los ciudadanos mediante modelos y estrategias innovadoras.
Educandos y su tránsito por el mundo complejo: elementos de la transdisciplinariedad en el currículo de una institución educativa del municipio de Palmira
Authors: Osorio González John Jairo
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: mostrar una propuesta de inclusión de elementos de transdisciplinariedad en el currículo de una institución educativa, con el fin de establecer conexiones que favorezcan en los educandos el acercamiento, deconstrucción, reconstrucción y construcción de un conocimiento más significativo. Metodología: enfoque cualitativo que utilizó como método el trayecto hologramático. Hallazgos: el acercamiento al contexto dejó apreciar disparidades entre lo que se dice y se cree saber y lo que se hace en el aula por parte de los profesores. Conclusiones: la propuesta pretende asumir de una manera distinta el ejercicio educativo en la institución al reestructurar el plan de estudios, romper el tradicional “asignaturismo” y posibilitar que los profesores establezcan puentes temáticos/problemáticos entre las diferentes áreas del saber, desde una óptica global sin dejar de lado lo local.
Modelo de evaluación continua, progresiva, lúdica y formativa en el área de tecnología e informática
Authors: Agudelo Marín Alejandra , Medina Ramírez Yudy Viviana , Patiño Trujillo Sandra Lucía , Sánchez Cárdenas Carlos Andrés , Vargas Aguirre John Fredy
Published: October 2016

Objetivo: desarrollar un modelo de evaluación continua, progresiva, lúdica y formativa en el área de tecnología e informática en perspectiva de transformar las estrategias evaluativas tradicionales con estudiantes de grado tercero y quinto en básica primaria y grado sexto en básica secundaria. Metodología: tipología de investigación evaluativa con un enfoque cualitativo. Hallazgos: es posible evaluar los procesos de aprendizaje desde otras estrategias teniendo en cuenta una evaluación lúdica y progresiva. Conclusiones: el despliegue de la evaluación en los contextos escolares convoca a los docentes a romper con la linealidad de este proceso. El modelo sustentado en los principios de la evaluación formativa, continua, lúdica y progresiva favorece los aprendizajes de los estudiantes en el área de tecnología e informática.
Psychometric evaluation and short form development of The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR-6)
Authors: Subotic Sinisa , Dimitrijevic Strahinja , Radetic-Lovric Sanja
Published: October 2016

The goals of this research were to evaluate the Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian
(BCS) translation of the BIDR-6 scale, develop its short form, and to present
its initial convergent/discriminative validation. The sample included 827
participants. MIRT CFA analysis revealed that fourfactor model (containing
32/40 items) fits the data best, with Self-Deceptive Enhancement (SDE) and
Impression Management (IM) both splitting into the denial (SD-D and IM-D) and
enhancement (SD-E and IM-E) factors. Fit and item properties were generally
mediocre. SD-D and IM-E subscales were the strongest sources of misfit, thus
SD-E and IM-D subscales were retained in the short form, which had good fit
and replicated almost all main patterns of associations with other variables
of interest (e.g., HEXACO personality traits) typically reported for the full
SDE and IM scales in other research. Thus, 17-item BIDR-6 short form,
containing only SD-E and IM-D subscales, is recommended for use in the BCS
speaking area.
Effects of symmetry and familiarity on the attractiveness of human faces
Authors: Mentus Tatjana , Markovic Slobodan
Published: October 2016

The effects of both symmetry (perceptual factor) and familiarity (cognitive
factor) on facial attractiveness were investigated. From the photographs of
original slightly asymmetric faces, symmetric left-left (LL) and right-right
(RR) versions were generated. Familiarity was induced in the learning block
using the repetitive presentation of original faces. In the test block
participants rated the attractiveness of original, previously seen (familiar)
faces, original, not previously seen faces, and both LL and RR versions of
all faces. The analysis of variance showed main effects of symmetry. Post hoc
tests revealed that asymmetric original faces were rated as more attractive
than both LL and RR symmetric versions. Familiarity doesn?t have a
significant main effect, but the symmetry-familiarity interaction was
obtained. Additional post hoc tests indicated that facial attractiveness is
positively associated with natural slight asymmetry rather than with perfect
symmetry. Also, unfamiliar LL symmetric versions were rated as more
attractive than familiar LL versions, whereas familiar RR versions were rated
as more attractive than RR unfamiliar faces. These results suggested that
symmetry (perceptual factor) and familiarity (cognitive or memorial factor)
play differential roles in facial attractiveness, and indicate a relatively
stronger effect of the perceptual compared to the cognitive factor. [Projekat
Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. ON179018 i br. ON179033]

 This article has been corrected. Link to the correction 10.2298/PSI1701101E
Two-dimensional echocardiographic evaluation in liver cirrhosis patients in prediction of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Dinic-Radovic Violeta , Nagorni Aleksandar , Radovic Milan , Apostolovic Svetlana , Bjelakovic Goran , Radovanovic-Dinic Biljana , Tesic-Rajkovic Snezana
Published: October 2016

Background/Aim. Cirrhotic cardiomyopathy (CCM) is a clinical syndrome in liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, which is characterized by the abnormal cardiovascular (CV) response to physiologic, pathologic, or pharmacologic stress provocation, but normal to increased cardiac output and contractility at rest. The aim of the study was to identify the structural and functional myocardial changes in patients with LC of various origins in advanced stages of the disease, by transthoracic two-dimensional echocardiography Doppler imaging evaluation in the prediction of CCM. Methods. The research was performed as a prospective, nest case-control study, on carefully selected 40 patients in the advanced stage of LC and negative personal medical history on previous CV disease and 40 healthy subjects as the control, from January 2012?December 2014. There were determining significant echocardiographic parameters in LC patients as predictors for the development and/or presence of CCM. Results. Most of the LC patients were alcoholic (80%), dominantly in Child-Pough C stage of the disease (70%). The average value of QT interval in the LC patients was significantly higher (0.44 ? 0.03 ms vs 0.42 ? 0.01 ms; p < 0.001), as well as brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) serum level (284.61 ? 181.44 ng/L vs 69.41 ? 31.08 ng/L; p < 0.001) compared to those in the healthy subjects. A significant association with serum BNP level in LC patients was shown with left atrial diameter (p = 0.031), left ventricular ejection fraction (p = 0.014), pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) (p = 0.000) and the presence of tricuspid valve regurgitation of 2+ (p = 0.000), affecting its change of 41.6%. Conclusion. The obtained results suggest that LC patients have significant echocardiographic signs of myocardial dysfunction, as well as the increased BNP serum level. Left atrial diameter, left ventricular ejection fraction, PASP and tricuspid valve regurgitation are valuable echocardiographic predictors of CCM.
Reninoma as a cause of severe hypertension and poor pregnancy outcome in young woman
Authors: Stamenkovic-Pejkovic Danica , Sumarac-Dumanovic Mirjana , Bojanic Nebojsa , Markovic-Lipkovski Jasmina , Vjestica Jelena , Ivanovic Aleksandar , Cvijovic Goran , Gligic Ana , Bumbasirevic Uros , Jelic Svetlana , Polovina Snezana , Micic Dragan
Published: October 2016

Introduction. Juxtaglomerular cell tumor (JGCT) or reninoma is a very rare cause of curable hypertension among young people. The early diagnosis is the most important based on the clinical presentation, hormonal and radiological findings observed on computed tomography (CT) and/or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The final confirmation of the JGCT is the lateralization of the plasma renin activity (PRA) during the selective renal venous sampling. Case report. This report presents a typical case of young women with JGCT which was manifested for the first time with severe hypertension during the pregnancy and was the reason of fetal death. After the miscarriage, the diagnosis of JGCT was made by the CT scanning and confirmed by the selective renal venous sampling. After the partial nephrectomy, the blood pressure and serum potassium normalized without the medications. Conclusion. Reninoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis as a cause of severe hypertension in pregnancy and also should be suspected in young hipertensives (especially females) with hypokalemia and secondary hyperaldosteronism after the exclusion of other causes particularly renal artery stenosis. A dynamic contrastenhanced CT, MRI and selective renal venous sampling are the most important tools in the diagnosis of JGCT.
Etiology and resistance patterns of bacteria causing ventilator-associated pneumonia in a respiratory intensive care unit
Authors: Injac Vlada , Batranovic Uros , Matijasevic Jovan , Vukoja Marija , Hadnadjev Mirjana , Bukumiric Zoran , Trajkovic Goran , Jankovic Slobodan
Published: October 2016

Background/Aim. Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) incidence, causative pathogens, and resistance patterns are different among countries and intensive care units (ICUs). In Europe, resistant organisms have progressively increased in the last decade. However, there is a lack of data from Serbian ICUs. The aims of this study were to evaluate etiology and antimicrobial resistance for pathogens causing VAP in ICU patients, to examine whether there were differences among pathogens in early-onset and late-onset VAP and to identify mortality in patients with VAP after 30 and 60 days of hospitalization. Methods. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in the respiratory ICU and all adult patients diagnosed with VAP from 2009 to 2014 were included. Results. Gram negative organisms were the major pathogens (80.3%). The most commonly isolated was Acinetobacter spp (59.8%). There was a statistically significant increase in the incidence of infection with Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.9% vs 25.6%; p = 0.019). Extensively drugresistant strains (XDR) were the most common (78.7%). Lateonset VAP was developed in 81.1% of patients without differences among pathogens in comparison with early-onset VAP. Acinetobacter spp was susceptible to tigecycline and colistin with a significant increase in resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam (30.2% vs 58.6%; p = 0.01). Resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae to carbapenems was 38% and 11%, respectively. In methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus no resistance was observed against vancomycin and linezolid. There was no difference in mortality rate between patients with earlyonset and late-onset VAP after 30 and 60 days of hospitalization. Conclusion. Gram negative organisms were the primary cause of bacterial VAP of which the most common was the XDR strain of Acinetobacter spp. Patients with early- and late-onset VAP had the same pathogens. There was no difference in mortality between this two group of patients during 60 days of hospitalization.
School Organizational Contexts, Teacher Turnover, and Student Achievement
Authors: Kraft Matthew A. , Marinell William H. , Shen-Wei Yee Darrick
Published: October 2016

We study the relationship between school organizational contexts, teacher turnover, and student achievement in New York City (NYC) middle schools. Using factor analysis, we construct measures of four distinct dimensions of school climate captured on the annual NYC School Survey. We identify credible estimates by isolating variation in organizational contexts within schools over time. We find that improvements in school leadership especially, as well as in academic expectations, teacher relationships, and school safety are all independently associated with corresponding reductions in teacher turnover. Increases in school safety and academic expectations also correspond with student achievement gains. These results are robust to a range of threats to validity suggesting that our findings are consistent with an underlying causal relationship.
The Importance of Minority Teachers
Authors: Cherng Hua-Yu Sebastian , Halpin Peter F.
Published: October 2016

The demographic divide between teachers and students is of growing public concern. However, few studies have explicitly addressed the common argument that students, and particularly minority students, have more favorable perceptions of minority versus White teachers. Using data from the Measure of Effective Teaching study, we find that students perceive minority teachers more favorably than White teachers. There is mixed evidence that race matching is linked with more favorable student perceptions. These findings underscore the importance of minority teacher recruitment and retention.
Making Space for Sanctions: The Economics of German Natural Gas Imports from Russia, 1982 and 2014 Compared
Authors: Gross Stephen G.
Published: October 2016

This article explores the economic context behind Germany’s decision to impose sanctions on Russia in 2014 in response to the Ukraine crisis, through the lens of energy and natural gas. It does so by comparing 2014 with another moment in German-Russian relations when questions of energy, economics, sanctions, and transatlantic politics converged—the Yamal natural gas pipeline in 1982. Then, West Germany had little economic latitude to disrupt trade with Russia because of its high unemployment rate, its balance of payments problems, and the large investments major German corporations had made in Yamal. Consequently, Bonn broke with the United States over the question of sanctions. In 2014, by contrast, Germany’s strong economy, robust balance of payments, and the absence of a united business front opposing sanctions gave Berlin the space to pursue a non-economic agenda and support the United States in imposing sanctions. The article concludes that these cases illustrate how Germany should not be characterized as a “geo-economic power,” insofar as Berlin still has the space to prioritize goals such as the advancement of democracy and human rights over its need to promote exports and secure imports of raw materials.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bach Jonathan , Dichter Heather L. , Fulk Kirkland Alexander , Wochnik Alexander , Hardenberg Wilko Graf von , Hager Carol
Published: October 2016

Jon Berndt Olsen, Tailoring Truth: Politicizing the Past and
Negotiating Memory in East Germany, 1945-1990 (New York:
Berghahn Books, 2015)
Reviewed by Jonathan Bach

Micahel Krüger, Christian Becker, and Stefan Nielsen, German
Sports, Doping, and Politics: A History of Performance Enhancement
(Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2015)
Reviewed by Heather L. Dichter

Susanne Rinner. The German Student Movement and the Literary
Imagination: Transnational Memories of Protest and Dissent
(New York: Berghahn Books, 2013)
Reviewed by Kirkland Alexander Fulk

Kristen Kopp, Germany’s Wild East: Constructing Poland as Colonial
Space (Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 2012)
Reviewed by Alexander Wochnik

Sean Ireton and Caroline Schaumann, eds., Heights of Reflection:
Mountains in the German Imagination from the Middle Ages to the
Twenty-First Century, Studies in German Literature, Linguistics,
and Culture (Rochester: Camden House, 2012).
Reviewed by Wilko Graf von Hardenberg

Frank Uekötter, The Greenest Nation? A New History of German
Environmentalism (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2014).
Reviewed by Carol Hager
Registration of ‘Prevail’ Hard Red Spring Wheat
Authors: Glover K. D. , Kleinjan J. L. , Jin Y. , Osborne L. E. , Ingemansen J. A. , Turnipseed E. B. , Ohm J. B.
Published: October 2016

Grower and end‐user acceptance of new hard red spring wheat (HRSW; Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars largely depends on satisfactory agronomic performance, end‐use quality potential, and disease resistance levels. Additional characteristics, such as desirable plant height, can also contribute to grower acceptance. The objective of this research was to release a short‐statured HRSW cultivar with competitive grain yield and acceptable levels of end‐use quality characteristics and Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance. ‘Prevail’ (Reg. No. CV‐1121; PI 672486) HRSW was developed at South Dakota State University (SDSU) and released by the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station (SDAES) in early 2014. The cross SD3720/MN98389‐A was completed during fall 2002, and the resulting population was advanced via an early‐generation bulk‐testing program where F6:8 seed was included in the 2008 preliminary yield trial and the line was designated as SD4178. SD4178 also was tested in the advanced yield trial from 2009 through 2013. Prevail was released primarily for its combination of high yield potential and desirable plant height that is significantly shorter than most other HRSW cultivars developed by the SDSU‐HRSW breeding program.
Solar Access Assessment in Dense Urban Environments: The Effect of Intersections in an Urban Canyon
Authors: Garcia-Nevado Elena , Pages-Ramon Anna , Coch Helena
Published: October 2016

The urban canyon model has been recurrently used as a basis for many solar access studies. However, its conception as endless structures disregards the effect of street intersections, despite being characteristic elements of urban fabrics. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of street discontinuities on solar access over building façades. The potential of crossings to increase the available radiation has been assessed through computer simulations in dense urban environments in a Mediterranean location. For the cases studied, results show that local effects of an intersection almost disappear beyond a speciﬁc distance for each aspect ratio, which can be helpful to determine the suitable level of detail for solar analyses at an urban fabric scale.
Quantitative Determination of 3-O-Acetyl-11-Keto-βBoswellic Acid (AKBA) and Other Boswellic Acids in Boswellia sacra Flueck (syn. B. carteri Birdw) and Boswellia serrata Roxb
Authors: Mannino Giuseppe , Occhipinti Andrea , Maffei Massimo
Published: October 2016

Boswellia serrata and Boswellia sacra (syn. B. carteri) are important medicinal plants widely used for their content of bioactive lipophilic triterpenes. The qualitative and quantitative determination of boswellic acids (BAs) is important for their use in dietary supplements aimed to provide a support for osteoarthritic and inflammatory diseases. We used High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-Diode Array Detector (DAD) coupled to ElectroSpray Ionization and tandem Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) for the qualitative and quantitative determination of BAs extracted from the gum resins of B. sacra and B. serrata. Limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), and Matrix Effect were assessed in order to validate quantitative data. Here we show that the BAs quantitative determination was 491.20 g·kg−1 d. wt (49%) in B. sacra and 295.25 g·kg−1 d. wt (30%) in B. serrata. Lower percentages of BAs content were obtained when BAs were expressed on the gum resin weight (29% and 16% for B. sacra and B. serrata, respectively). The content of Acetyl-11-Keto-β-Boswellic Acid (AKBA) was higher in B. sacra (70.81 g·kg−1 d. wt; 7%) than in B. serrata (7.35 g·kg−1 d. wt; 0.7%). Our results show that any claim of BAs content in either B. sacra or B. serrata gum resins equal to or higher than 70% or AKBA contents of 30% are simply unrealistic or based on a wrong quantitative determination.
A Single Lineage of Hepatitis E Virus Causes Both Outbreaks and Sporadic Hepatitis in Sudan
Authors: Elduma Adel , Zein Mai , Karlsson Marie , Elkhidir Isam , Norder Heléne
Published: October 2016

Few studies have reported sporadic hepatitis E virus (HEV) infections during non‐outbreak periods in Africa. In this study, the prevalence of HEV infection in Sudan was investigated in 432 patients with acute hepatitis from 12 localities in North Kordofan, and from 152 patients involved in smaller outbreaks of hepatitis in the neighbouring Darfur. HEV infection was diagnosed in 147 (25%) patients: 98 from Kordofan and 49 from Darfur. The mortality was 10%; six of the patients who died from the infection were pregnant women. HEV RNA was detected by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) in 38 (26%) patients: 22 from Kordofan and 16 from Darfur. Partial open reading frame (ORF) 1 and ORF2 were sequenced from HEV from nine and three patients, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Sudanese strains belonged to genotype 1 (HEV1), and confirmed the segregation of African HEV1 strains into one branch divergent from Asian HEV1. It also revealed that the Sudanese strains from this study and from an outbreak in 2004 formed a separate clade with a common ancestor, distinct from strains from the neighbouring Chad and Egypt. This HEV strain has thus spread in a large area of Sudan, where it has caused both sporadic hepatitis E and outbreaks from at least 2004 and onwards. These data demonstrate that hepatitis E is a constant, on‐going public health problem in Sudan and that there is a need for hepatitis E surveillance, outbreak preparedness, and general improvements of the sanitation in these remote areas of the country.
Evaluation of an intra-articular synthetic ligament for treatment of cranial cruciate ligament disease in dogs: a six-month prospective clinical trial
Authors: Maritato Karl , Schankereli Kemal , Wotton Harry , Naber Steven , Barnhart Matthew
Published: October 2016

Objective: Evaluate the short-term outcomes of a novel synthetic ligament for treatment of naturally occurring canine cranial cruciate ligament disease.

Study design: Prospective clinical study.

Animals: Dogs with unilateral cranial cruciate ligament disease (n = 50).

Methods: Patient parameters evaluated included a five-point lameness score, evaluation of craniocaudal stifle instability, and radiographic findings over 24 weeks. Any postoperative complications were recorded.

Results: Thirty-four out of 42 dogs experienced significant improvements in lameness between the preoperative and 24 week time points. Lameness scores in those dogs improved significantly at all measured time intervals after postoperative week 2. Recurrence of stifle instability increased significantly over the study period from immediate postoperative measurements. Cranial drawer recurred in seven out of 42 of dogs by week 4 and 18/42 by week 24. Implant changes were not noted between the immediate and six-month postoperative radiographs except where complications occurred. Overall, 25 dogs experienced a total of 32 complications (22 major and 10 minor). Sixteen dogs had major complications, and nine had minor complications.

Conclusion: The procedure was generally effective at improving lameness scores, but did not consistently maintain postoperative stifle stability and had an unacceptably high complication rate. This synthetic ligament procedure cannot be recommended for use in its current form.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-15-12-0206.
Analysis of gusset plate of contemporary bridge truss girder
Authors: Siekierski Wojciech
Published: October 2016

Trussed structures in modern bridge building usually have “W” bracing. Structural joints are often based on application of gusset plates. Experimental tests of stress distribution in such gusset plates are rather sparse. Lab testing of scaled bridge truss girder was carried out in Poznań University of Technology in Poznań. Investigation into stress distribution in gusseted joint was carried out. Test results were put against results obtained from analyses of two finite element models: beam-element model and shell-element model. Normal stress and Huber-Mises equivalent stress distributions within gusseted joint were analysed. General conclusions are: a) normal stress distribution in gusseted joint cross-section, perpendicular to truss flange axis, is nonlinear and extreme stresses occur near cross-section edges, b) Huber-Mises equivalent stress distribution in the cross-section of gusset plate near its connection to truss flange is nonlinear and extreme stresses occur near centre of the cross-section, c) assessment of normal stresses in gusseted joints should not be carried out with an aid of beam-element modelling, d) it is possible to assess Huber-Mises equivalent stresses in gusset plate near its welded connection to rigid flange with an aid of beam-element modelling if non-uniform distribution of shear stress is taken into account, e) shell-element modelling of gusseted joint provides satisfactory accuracy of normal and equivalent stress assessment, f) beam-element modelling of friction grip bolts is sufficiently accurate for shell-element models of steel joints analysed within elastic range of behaviour.
Evaluation of a current vehicle load model using weigh-in-motion records: a case in China
Authors: Xu Zigang , Han Qiang , Jia Junfeng , Zhong Zilan , Huang Chao
Published: October 2016

In order to assess the vehicle load carrying capacity of existing bridges on the national highway G103 in Beijing, the vehicle load model for the practical traffic flow conditions needs to be determined. Based on the traffic axle load data measured by the weigh-in-motion system and the methods proposed by General Code for Design of Highway Bridges and Culverts (JTG D60-2004) and Code for Design of Highway Reinforced Concrete and Prestressed Concrete Bridges and Culverts (JTG D62-2004), the vehicle load parameters under practical traffic flow conditions are investigated. A typical 6-axle vehicle model with a 2-1-3 axial pattern is proposed by using the statistical analysis of total weight, axial weight, etc. The live load effects of Daliushu No. 2 Bridge, one highway bridge on the national highway G103, are analyzed using the proposed model and compared to the vehicle load model given in the Chinese code. The results show that there are great differences in the vehicle load parameters and the live load effects from the proposed vehicle load model increased by 20–50% compared with the model given by the code. The overweight vehicles are potential threats to the safety of existing bridges.
Analytical Support to Norwegian Long-Term Defence Planning
Authors: Glrum Sigurd , Hennum Alf Christian
Published: October 2016

A major challenge in defence planning is to establish a clear audit trail between security challenges, political ambitions and the recommended force structure. This paper describes a capability- and scenario-based methodology combined with a software toolset called JDARTS that gives long term defence planners a systematic approach to create links from high level security challenges to force structure recommendations. The security challenges are represented by mission types exemplified by scenarios which give concrete requirements. These requirements are represented by capabilities which are matched against the capabilities of force structure elements. The matching is a selection process where the outcome is the cheapest set of the force structure elements that fulfil the requirements. The JDARTS-software supports this method. Even though the future is uncertain, the defence planner's job is to help decision makers prioritize between economic constraints, national preparedness and international commitment.
Drafting EU Global Security Strategy. Challenges arisen by frozen conflicts in its eastern neighbourhood
Authors: Bogzeanu Cristina
Published: October 2016

Although the EU global security strategy has to offer orientation on multiple levels and domains, the present paper approaches the challenges emerging from the Union's eastern neighbourhood. The argumentation includes theoretical aspects of strategy, main characteristics of the Black Sea security environment, trends of frozen conflict evolution, and the EU's approach in this entire context. The study concludes that the serious challenges the EU faces nowadays in its eastern vicinity are the result of phenomena with a consistent history and deficient management by the EU. In our opinion, this train of events¨makes the project of a new EU security strategy so challenging that it could become a new document of an over-general character, with little practical value.
Qu’est-ce que grandir ?
Authors: Golse Bernard
Published: October 2016

Ce travail aborde, du point de vue du développement psycho-affectif précoce, quelques aspects généraux de la croissance et de la maturation psychiques : se différencier, s’autonomiser, se raconter, se socialiser. Grandir s’avère évidemment le fruit d’une coconstruction entre l’enfant et les adultes (parents et professionnels) qui en prennent soin, sur le fond d’une néoténie spécifique de notre espèce, néoténie qui laisse une grande place à l’épigenèse et qui ouvre sur une diversité développementale dont la richesse anthropo-logique est certainement fort précieuse.
« Quand je serai grand »
Authors: Korff-Sausse Simone
Published: October 2016

L’auteure se propose d’étudier comment le handicap évolue à travers les âges de la vie : le bébé, l’enfant, l’adolescent, l’adulte, la personne vieillissante. Grandir avec un handicap est une situation difficile qui met à l’épreuve aussi bien l’enfant lui-même que sa famille, ainsi que les soignants. L’environnement n’arrive pas à anticiper sur un futur possible pour cet enfant. L’enfant n’a pas d’âge. D’où une tendance à l’infantilisation, qui entraîne des problèmes d’autonomie et de la vie sexuelle. L’étude se consacrera principalement au passage à l’adolescence. L’auteure constate que le devenir du handicap diffère lorsque ce sont des filles ou des garçons qui grandissent, question peu étudiée. Quant aux propositions psychothérapeutiques, cette clinique exige une approche plus active que la technique habituelle. Enfin, les difficultés qui se présentent pour la famille et l’enfant lorsque celui-ci grandit soulignent l’importance primordiale de la prise en charge précoce des familles.
Mouvement de grandir et quête d’une identité personnelle : le modèle développemental d’Erikson
Authors: Colin Dominique
Published: October 2016

Cet article a pour objet de mettre en évidence les diverses conditions psychosociales d’accès et de maintien de la « vitalité mentale » tout au long de la vie, et ce, à partir d’une présentation théorico-clinique du modèle de développement d’Erikson qui pose la quête d’identité comme directement liée à l’éclosion puis au renforcement de huit dispositions psychologiques fondamentales. Interroger ce qu’il en est de chacune de ces dispositions, en situation de handicap, constitue très certainement une façon de renouveler une approche compréhensive des problèmes de développement qui peuvent en découler.
Penser le passage de la pédiatrie en service d’adultes à la lumière du processus adolescent
Authors: Bonnichon Delphine
Published: October 2016

Cet article se propose d’interroger les résonances du processus adolescent et ses enjeux en termes de remaniements psychiques chez l’adolescent atteint d’une maladie neuromusculaire. Ces maladies sont à l’origine d’un handicap moteur et imposent aux jeunes une dépendance accrue et des soins quotidiens. Elles ont un retentissement majeur sur la construction du sujet et la relation aux autres. Dans ce contexte, nous interrogerons la nécessité d’opérer un passage du service de pédiatrie au service d’adultes au cours de l’adolescence. L’ensemble de la réflexion sera soutenue par des vignettes cliniques.
De la capitale du froid aux « centres de la France »
Authors: Monferran Jean-Christophe , de La Soudière Martin
Published: October 2016

Nombre de hauts lieux sont reconnus pour leur valeur patrimoniale, culturelle ou historique. Cependant, d’autres sont définis à partir de caractéristiques météorologiques ou géographiques (température, ensoleillement, altitude, centralité territoriale). L’article examine la manière dont, en France, ces titres de capitales géographiques sont attribués, contestés, et dont les communes qui en bénéficient essaient de tirer parti.
Les capitales improbables et le rire
Authors: Moulinié Véronique
Published: October 2016

À partir de trois exemples pris dans le Sud‑Ouest de la France (Moncrabeau capitale des menteurs, Cancon capitale de la noisette et Condom capitale du préservatif), l’auteur analyse les relations entre rires et identité capitulaire. Elle montre ainsi que l’acceptation de cette identité capitulaire tient moins à l’objet de leur grandeur qu’au contexte de sa mise en scène.