bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pre-Existence and Project – Álvaro de Campos Municipal Library
Authors: Lacerda Neto Filipe
Published: September 2019

The Portuguese architecture – from traditional architecture to nowadays – is universally famous for the attention that gives to its territorial implementation. The way the architecture is placed in a particular location, as well as the way the location is changed by the presence of the architecture – the way it is redefined – are questions inherent in any architecture, particularly the Portuguese architecture, which has responded with special care in general terms. This document aims to investigate the pre-existence in architecture, to see it as a starting point and an essential tool that allows the creation of unique projects. The purpose is to obtain a more comprehensive and deeper understanding of the topic in question, in order to understand the processes that create buildings and cities through the ruins. Tavira is a Portuguese city in the district of Faro, region and subregion of Algarve, and one of Algarve’s cities that has a strong tradition regarding its built past. It is in this context of a strong urban identity that Álvaro de Campos Municipal Library is implemented. The architectural proposal is born in the old prison of Tavira, built in the 20th century and converted into a municipal library. Thus, we intend to study and investigate the potential of Álvaro de Campos Municipal Library and, based on its analysis, to substantiate the explanation of the project, its architectural strategies and solutions.
Analysis of Influence of the Dolomite Inactive Mineral Filler Quantity on Properties of Deep Cold Recycled Mixtures with Foamed Bitumen
Authors: Buczynski Przemyslaw , Iwanski Marek
Published: September 2019

The subject of research presented in article was an assessment of the impact of inactive mineral filler content, i.e. dolomite dust, on the recycled cold mix properties with foamed bitumen. The analysis of the impact of dolomite mineral dust was made on the basis of the experiment design type 33. It consisted of three levels of foamed bitumen factor in the range from 1.2% to 3.6% with a 1.2% step and the amount of mineral dust factor in range from 5% to 20% with a 7.5% step. Dolomite dust is a waste material derived from aggregate mining. Foamed bitumen was obtained from foaming process of the neat bitumen 50/70 at water temperature of 25ºC and its amount of 2.7%. In order to increase the cohesion of the recycled cold mix with foamed bitumen, Portland cement CEM I 32.5 R in amount of 2.0% was used. The assessment of the impact of quantitative variables was carried out in accordance with the adopted plan of the experiment that assumed the determination of physical and mechanical properties such as: resistance to climatic factors, dynamic modulus (E*) and phase angle. Analysis of the test results shown that factors quantity affects the variability of analysed features. In the entire scope of experiment plan, the obtained free space values met the requirements in required guidelines. The highest sealing of the recycled mixture was observed for the entire dolomite dust dosage but at maximum amount of foamed bitumen amounted to 3.6%. It was also observed that the maximum water resistance (TSR) was obtained for mixtures with a minimum amount of mineral dust (5%) as well as the maximum amount of dust in the recycled cold mix (20%). However, it was depended of the amount of foamed asphalt in a recycled mixture composition. The study also was considered the influence of the amount of dolomite mineral dust on the change in stiffness modulus tested by means of IT-CY and DTC-CY procedure. It was shown that either stiffness modulus measured by IT-CY or DTC-CY are foam bitumen and dust amount dependent. To assess the rheological properties, the direct compression-compression test (DTC-CY) was used. All samples were subjected to a cyclic sinusoidal constant strain with an amplitude of εo <25με. The tests were carried out in the temperature range (-7ºC, 5ºC, 13ºC, 25ºC, 40ºC) and loading time (0.1 Hz, 0.3 Hz, 1 Hz, 3 Hz, 10 Hz, 20 Hz). It was found a significant variability of recycled base stiffness depending on loading time and temperature.
Marano and Grado Lagoon: Narrowing of the Lignano Inlet
Authors: Petti Marco , Bosa Silvia , Pascolo Sara , Uliana Erika
Published: September 2019

The morphological evolution of a lagoon tidal inlet over a medium-long period is a very important research topic since it can greatly affect both the hydrodynamic balance of the coastal environment and all the several human activities related to its proper functioning. The morphodynamic balance, which is the result mainly of the complex interaction of tidal currents and wind waves, can also be deeply influenced by the presence of maritime structures that are required for sea defence. This is the case of the Lignano inlet, which has undergone a progressive narrowing during last decades. In order to investigate the causes of this process and to evaluate possible solutions for the consequent filling of the port access canal, a morphodynamic-spectral coupled model has been applied to this context. Results are presented and discussed confirming that the numerical modelling can be used as a useful engineering tool for the correct management and the integrated planning of coastal zones.
Structural and Thermal Insulation Materials Based on High-Strength Anhydrite Binder
Authors: Yakovlev Grigory , Drochytka Rostislav , Pervushin Grigory , Grahov Valery , Kalabina Darya , Gordina Anastasia , Ginchitskaya Julia
Published: September 2019

The properties of a structural and thermal insulation composition based on a high-strength anhydrite binder based on fluoroanhydrite and expanded perlite sand have been studied. Fluoroanhydrite is a waste product of hydrofluoric acid and it is an eco-friendly material. Due to the processing of man-made anhydrite, it is possible to reduce the harm caused to nature in places of raw materials dumps, as well as significantly reduce the cost of producing new construction materials. The use of anhydrite compounds in the manufacture of products is limited with low speed setting and hardening. To activate the structure formation of the anhydrite binder, 3% aqueous solution of sodium phosphate Na3PO4 was used. Expanded perlite sand was used as an ultralight aggregate. As a result of the experiments, it was possible to obtain a lightweight composition possessing high strength. Studies of the microstructure and X-ray microanalysis showed new formations appearing in the interfacial zone at the border of the anhydrite binder and expanded perlite, which is confirmed by the results of the infrared spectroscopy. Also there has been noted the consolidation of the anhydrite binder structure by nanodispersed structures formed in the intercrystallite pores of the anhydrite binder. The developed composition can serve as a cheap substitute for gypsum in the production of warm plaster, gypsum boards, architectural elements by molding, tongue-and-groove slabs, wall blocks, as well as wall thermal insulation during frame construction, including for filling hollow masonry.
Required model content and information workflows enabling proficient BIM usage
Authors: Cesnik Jure , Zibert Marko , Lah Martin , Skalja Matic
Published: September 2019

The modern issue within the construction industry is its conservative approach to innovation and poor data management. In a world where information means everything and efficient workflows are becoming the norm for advanced businesses, not using the attainable data pool is a recipe for stagnation and even regression. Different ways to mitigate the risks involved in building projects have been developed at the design company Elea iC to become more flexible and efficient. Through several large-scale high-rise and tunnelling BIM projects in the past four years, engineers at Elea iC have identified two crucial development barriers for advanced proficient BIM usage. The first is organizing the BIM models: internal model structure, information required in models, and how this information is written into models. The second barrier is establishing crucial information workflows to achieve valuable practical results. Exploration of the required model content and its organization together with data workflows are thus the main purposes of this article. Incremental improvement from project to project was needed to provide a much-needed baseline for crucial project data which makes 4D, 5D and 6D BIM modelling possible. A database structure for model properties was developed, from which consistent properties can be inserted into all project BIM models. This provides a unified internal standard ensuring the correct level of information modelling. At the same time essential workflows for BIM implementation, modelling, data sharing, and information management were also developed. Standard BIM software was used to create the base models, but collaboration with other software developers and adapting their solutions was needed in order to attain the desired outcomes of advanced BIM analyses. As more and more clients require advanced BIM solutions for their projects, neglecting to develop and implement new ways of using BIM will diminish companies’ potential in the market in the long run. This paper demonstrates that BIM, coupled with databases including standard model content requirements and information workflows, can provide a credible solution for proficient project data management in the construction industry. Therefore, BIM must not be seen as an impractical tool only requiring additional expenses, but as a system that needs internal company development to be adequately utilized and profited from.
Hybrid Approach to Predict the Track Deterioration in a Railway in-Service: A Conceptual Design
Authors: de Melo Andre L. O. , Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Papaelias Mayorkinos
Published: September 2019

The track supports the loads of the railway vehicles and guides their movements. Its excellence determines the permissible wheel load, speed, safety and reliability of the rail operation. None railway can expect to survive in a competitive economy if its track is an obstacle to safety, reliability and proper service. The effects of all adverse features on the track are cumulative and track components require a routine of attention and renewal at frequent intervals. If the permanent way is not perfectly levelled and aligned, irregularities cause oscillations or vibrations of the train, which can cause discomfort to the passenger and damage to the freight, and the worst: a catastrophic accident. In planning a new track or improving one in-service, it is important to be able to predict the probable asset deterioration rate as a function of the variables related to the train and its periodicity. This may contribute significantly in planning, engineering, operational, and maintenance activities. The aim of this paper is to present a conceptual design of a hybrid numerical and experimental approach to predict the track deterioration in a railway in-service based on empirical-mechanistic and probabilistic theories.
Parameters and Boundary Conditions in Modelling the Track Deterioration in a Railway System
Authors: de Melo Andre L. O. , Kaewunruen Sakdirat , Papaelias Mayorkinos
Published: September 2019

The main function of the railway track is to support the loads of the railway vehicles and to guide their movements. To investigate the effect of a specific load on the track, the evaluation of the different function of the elements is necessary. Each track component has its own mechanical parameters, which in most case cannot be restored without parts replacements. The development of the track structure has some component properties more important than others. With Finite Element Model (FEM) software packages available, the use of them for simulation and analysis of track components has become an accurate tool when supported by a hybrid approach. In FEM, special attention needs to be given to the boundary conditions and linear or nonlinear interactions between track components. The aim of this paper is to present, in applying to model the track deterioration in a railway system, the mapping of both parameters and boundary conditions, their descriptions, properties, interfaces and how these occur in a railway track in-service.
Differences in the Cost Calculation for Construction Work, Road Transport and Water Supply
Authors: Nowak Jiří , Mrňová Zuzana , Tichá Alena , Tichý Jan , Vázlerová Marcela
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a method of cost and price calculation of construction work, road transport and water and sewerage charges in the Czech Republic. Costs represent an important economic category that is closely related to the price. Each company must perfectly manage costing, especially absorption costing, which consists of budgeting overhead costs on the production (performance, products and services). Absorption costing is characterized by including indirect (overhead) costs together with direct costs of production into the calculation, i.e. it must absorb them completely into the costs. The absorption method is represented by the surcharge calculation. However, creating the calculation formula for absorption costing and the procedure of cost and price calculation have their specifics in various branches of the economy. Differences can be seen in examples of selected case studies. They deal with the representative cost and price calculation of construction work on a particular construction, cost and price calculation of the road transport and one-component and two-component cost and price calculation of the water and sewerage charges. All types of calculation must reflect the economic situation of the company marketing of a new product. The diversity of the product types mentioned above indicates the need for other inputs in the calculation and different calculation procedures. Without mastering absorption costing, it is not possible to introduce more accurate calculation methods, such as the Dynamic Calculation with Contribution Margin or in the next step implement the Balanced Scorecard. Correct absorption costing can be checked by the fact that the sum of all company production costs must correspond to the sum of the financial accounting cost accounts. However, cost control is not the subject of this article.
Microstructure of High C3A Portland Slag Cement Pastes, Modified with Accelerating Admixtures for Concrete
Authors: Pizon Jan , Lazniewska-Piekarczyk Beata
Published: September 2019

Modern concrete technology includes mineral additives and chemical admixtures usage. It is caused by their beneficial influence on properties of concrete mix and hardened concrete. Accelerating admixtures for concrete are commonly used for shortening of time demanded for demoulding and repeat use of forms in precast facilities. They allow to conduct works during low-temperature season. Main advantage of accelerating admixtures is enhancement of early strength of concrete. Alas they may cause decrease of long-term strength and durability of concrete or increase its shrinkage One of the most popular mineral additives is ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS). It is non-clinker main constituent of CEM II, CEM III and CEM V. GGBFS may be also used as additive with latent hydraulic properties for concrete. GGBFS as constituent of concrete increases consistency, long-term strength and durability, and decreases hydration heat evolution. Early compressive strength of concrete with GGBFS is lower than for Portland cement concrete. Accelerating admixtures and ground granulated blast furnace slag show advantages and disadvantages that can be equalized. In early terms calcium nitrate and crystal seeds enhanced compressive strength. Their efficiency is similar. Cement kiln dust also caused increase of compressive strength but not as much as former ones. Sodium hydroxide caused great increase of compressive strength after 12 hours but not in longer terms. In case of cements rich with C3A the compressive strength in early stage of hardening is shaped by C-S-H phase and well-developed ettringite crystal skeleton. In spite of minor differences in non-modified and calcium nitrate modified cement pastes microstructure, the compressive strength of calcium nitrate modified mortars is significantly greater in comparison to non-modified ones. The greatest compressive strength was achieved by mortar modified with crystal seeds. Responsible for this increase is more well-developed C-S-H phase. Mortars modified with sodium hydroxide are weaker after 2 days of curing in comparison to non-modified mortar. It is caused by sparse ettringite crystal skeleton. Microstructures of non-modified and modified with cement kiln dust (CKD) cement pastes are similar. It is connected with similarity of chemical composition of CKD and Portland clinker. The compressive strength of CKD modified mortars is slightly greater than non-modified one.
Numerical Analysis of Electrodes Position for Delamination Detection by Using Electric Resistance Change Method
Authors: Kovalovs Andrejs
Published: September 2019

The electric resistance method for detection of the internal delamination in laminated carbon-fiber-reinforced polymers composite material has been explored in the paper. The effect of spacing between electrodes on the crack detection efficiency has been investigated. The problem has been solved by the method of planning of the experiment and response surface method by using 2-D finite element model. The distance between the electrodes and the crack length have been selected as the parameters of the study. The results of the numerical solution have been obtained by using the four probe method of measurement of the surface and oblique electrical resistance. The optimal distance between the inner and outer probes for the effective detection of the crack and delamination has been determined. The influence of the distance between the internal and external probes has been identified to have greater effect on the detection of the crack than the distance between the internal probes.
Simulation of Heat Losses of a Distribution Network with Different Technical Structure and Under Different Operating Conditions for a District Heating and Cooling System
Authors: Zwierzchowski Ryszard , Niemyjski Olgierd
Published: September 2019

The paper presents a simulation of heat losses of a distribution network with different technical structure and under different operating conditions for a District Heating and Cooling (DHC) system. The DHC system consists of a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) plant and a Distribution Network (DN) with chambers and heat and cold substations. The different operating conditions of the DHC systems result in the DNs having variable transportation losses. The result of the analysis was used to verify the models and calculation methods of the fluid flow and heat losses in the DN, when cold is generated using either absorption or adsorption chillers. Different technical structure of a DN means a system of connected underground and aboveground piping with different diameters. DNs in Poland are usually installed as an underground, traditionally insulated piping placed in the concrete ducts (large diameter main pipelines) or a pre-insulated piping placed directly in the ground. The total heat losses of the DN differ according to the individual systems and depend on the size of the DHC system, its heating loads and quality of insulation of the piping. This paper presents the results of the numerical calculation of the temperature distribution in the soil around the piping channel using an FDA model. These results were utilized for numerical simulation of the water and heat flow through the DN and calculation of heat transportation losses. The numerical simulation of heat losses was performed for the particular system of connected underground and aboveground piping with different diameters. Finally, the heat transportation losses of the DN were calculated and compared for analyzed District Heating (DH) system i.e. without cold consumers and for the DHC system, when cold for consumers is generated using either the absorption or the adsorption chillers.
Fuzzy AHP for selecting suppliers of construction materials
Authors: Biruk Slawomir , Jaskowski Piotr , Czarnigowska Agata
Published: September 2019

The selection of suppliers is one of the key issues of supply logistics of any business entity. Due to the globalization of the economy and the rapid technological progress, the choice of products and the number of vendors is growing, which makes the selection process difficult. The specific character of the construction projects (one-off contracts with no incentives of the steady orders from one client, the need to adjust the batch size to the pace of the construction works whereas this pace is affected by risks and uncertainties, short time for planning, etc.) poses extra challenges to the suppliers’ production and transportation capacities and defines what “capable suppliers” mean for the project success. Therefore, the criteria of a construction project supplier selection go far beyond the obvious “price”. They need to refer to the supplier’s bid as well as the supplier’s own qualities (financial standing, reputation, flexibility). Though the selection process is expected to be based on unequivocal and objective input, in practice, it rests upon opinions and artificial measures used in lieu of the complete information. This input is, thus, fuzzy by nature and ignoring this fact may lead to wrong decisions. Therefore, the authors analyze the ways of quantifying supplier selection criteria and the methods of using them in the decision-making process presented in the literature. Then, they present a numerical example of supplier selection based on AHP with the fuzzy input, juxtaposing it with the results of the “classical” AHP with a crisp input. The results are different. Though this difference cannot be generalized, it indicates that the method of analysis may strongly affect the decision-makers choices.
Operational Problems in Structural Nodes of Reinforced Concrete Constructions
Authors: Szymczak-Graczyk Anna , Ksit Barbara , Laks Ireneusz
Published: September 2019

Reinforced concrete structures are frequently designed and executed in such facilities as: halls, warehouses, factories, multi-family buildings, single-family buildings, tanks, silos and many others. For this type of structures, it is particularly relevant to provide an appropriate thickness of concrete lagging, which aims at protecting reinforcement against corrosion, and to design it with appropriate spacing allowing the in-between space to be filled with a concrete mix. A frequent problem met while making reinforced concrete structures is such a density of reinforcing bars, particularly within structural nodes, that there is no possibility of filling the space between them with a concrete mix or it is not possible to vibrate the concrete mix in order to prevent segregation of mixture components. Structural nodes are points where special attention should be paid to careful compaction of concrete mixes and application of measures that prevent concrete from adhering to molds. The case study illustrates two structural nodes connecting a column with a bolt, located in a wall with a column-transom structure. During the modernisation works carried out in the production hall there were exposed two structural nodes completely unfilled with a concrete mix and with visible reinforcing bars that showed little buckling and the onset of corrosion. The columns, due to their location in the general static scheme of the wall, were subjected to compression or locally compressed and affected by bending. Particularly unfavourable was the fact that the columns did not feature the concrete lagging in the compression zone of the element. Removal of concrete lagging in the compression zone always results in decrease in the bearing capacity of a structure. It can be concluded that due to faulty workmanship the columns had a lower load bearing capacity than anticipated in the building permit design. The paper provides software-derived guidelines for repairing reinforced concrete columns so as to obtain the value of load bearing capacity equal or higher than expected in the design and on the assumption that repair works would be carried out on columns subjected to loading.
Air purification in highly-urbanized areas with the use of TiO2. New approach in designing urban public space with beneficial human condition
Authors: Januszkiewicz Krystyna , Kowalski Karol G.
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with the possibilities of architectural design benefiting human conditions, which encompasses physical well-being, environmental quality of life in highly-urbanized areas. Nowadays, the urban pollution is rising on a global scale. The paper is focused on a new possibility to resolve the problem of air purification in big cities by advanced architectural design of public use spaces in the urban environment. The first part of the paper depicts possible usage of Titanium dioxide (TiO2) technology - nanoparticles of TiO2, as a building materials component. These components are the latest findings in the field of nanomaterials development, and their effectiveness due to the usage of the photocatalysis, which depends on eliminating various atmospheric pollutants and especially clears the atmosphere from nitrogen oxides. These components, together with calcium carbonate which neutralizes any acidic gasses that may be absorbed, are beneficial. Photoactive construction materials are mainly activated under UV light irradiation. The second part presents the results of the research program Climate Change Adapted Architecture and Building Structures, which has been conducted by Krystyna Januszkiewicz (the Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture for a few years at West Pomeranian University of Technology (WPUT) in Szczecin). The presented designs were developed with co-operation of Magdalena Janus and Kamila Bogacz (Institute of Chemical and Environmental Engineering) as applications samples of titanium dioxide technology (photocatalytic active building materials) in the urban space. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the usage of titanium technology, as a construction materials component such as concrete and gypsum, or as a component of active membrane fabrics, opening a new way in architecture and structure designing in the urban public space. This is all indispensable to improve citizens’ health and to clear the atmosphere from nitrogen oxides or the volatile organic compounds. Moreover, it also serves as the basis for newly-built communities.
Halina Skibniewska’s Good Flat
Authors: Szustakiewicz Iwona
Published: September 2019

The search for the best solutions in residential architecture has been one of the major areas of interest of architects connected with Warsaw University of Technology’s Faculty of Architecture ever since it was founded in 1915. Great achievements in the field were made by Halina Skibniewska (1921-2011), who designed many housing developments Warsaw: Sady Żoliborskie (1958-1963), Sadyba (1972-1974), Szwoleżerów (1974), the Winogrady estate in Poznań (1963-1964) and the Białołęka district of Warsaw (1975-1986). Her contribution to residential construction led her to receiving numerous awards, including the Mister Warsaw title given for the best building in the city, although the true measure of her success was the fact that all of her contemporaries wanted to “live at Skibniewska’s”. The article describes the most important objectives assumed by Halina Skibniewska when designing residential buildings and estates, illustrated with examples of her designs. It was her conviction that designing is the culmination of a long process and should be preceded by analysis, taking into account the local landscape conditions, and sociological, demographic, psychological and economic aspects. She valued direct social consultation just as much as she did scientific research, even carrying out discussions with children. She paid a great deal of attention to the structure of the family as the main users of residential buildings, and to the effects of this structure on the spatial and functional arrangement of the home, which was reflected in the doctoral dissertation. These studies resulted in the creation of the so-called open home model method, which is a concept of a flexible flat which can be modified in response to the changing needs of its users. Halina Skibniewska’s social sensitivity meant that she was the first person in Poland to analyse the problems of elderly and disabled people, and to design flats in response to the conditions shaped by the state of their health and how able-bodied they are. An extremely important question for Halina Skibniewska were the surroundings of buildings, which she considered a kind of extension of home. She became famous not only as a designer who was concerned with providing housing developments with the necessary services and facilities, but also as a zealous defender of existing nature, capable of changing the location of the stairs on a block of flats being designed in order to preserve two old mulberry trees for future residents. Not all the suggestions of this Warsaw architect proved possible to implement in the politicised economic conditions at that time, but many of her ideas were reflected in the architecture of housing developments and estates, which had and still has a positive influence on the residents’ quality of life. There is no doubt that many of her views are still valid today, and can be an inspiration for contemporary architects in their quests.
Behavior of glulam beams strengthened with BFRP bars
Authors: Rajczyk Marlena , Jonczyk Damian
Published: September 2019

Currently, FRP fiber composites are increasingly used in construction. They can be used in the form of: tapes, mats and bars. Composite rods are already widely used in reinforced concrete structures as replacements for steel rods. They are also used as elements for repairing various types of structures: reinforced concrete, timber, steel and masonry. It is much less popular to use composite rods as reinforcement elements for laminated timber beams at the production stage. The paper presents the results of experimental and numerical analysis of glued laminated timber beams, reinforced with BFRP basalt-epoxy rods to determine the effect of the distribution of composite reinforcement on the load-bearing capacity of reinforced joists. The tested elements were reinforced with bars of various diameters, arranged differently at the cross-section. The beams were made of GL24h wood, while basalt-epoxy bars with a diameter of 7 and 9 mm were used to strengthen the beams. During the experimental investigations, the deflection of beams, the value of the destructive force and the form of destruction, were investigated. Computer calculations based on the Finite Element Method (FEA) were also obtained, achieving good consistency of displacement results. In numerical studies, wood and composite rods have been modeled as an orthotropic material. The numerical analysis was carried out in the elastic range. In experimental studies, significant differences in the values of deflections and destructive forces in the scope of one research series were observed, which may be due to the inaccuracy of execution. Values of destructive forces in experimental studies were not directly related to the value of reinforcement percentage of different series of beams.
Visual Perception of Architecture According to the Theory of Juliusz Żórawski
Authors: Trebacz Pawel
Published: September 2019

Visual perception is the most important psychological process which allows to perceive an architectural object. Drawing on the principles of human perception, Juliusz Żórawski - a graduate of the Faculty of Architecture at the Warsaw University of Technology and a famous Polish architect of the interwar period - formed his theory during World War II. The purpose of this article is to introduce the main assumptions of his theory. According to Żórawski, every person perceives the world in an individual and unique way. Transmission of the perceived images to another person requires working out a simplified perception code. This code is not based on the meaning of context but on the sequence of perceptual decoding, common for all people. The most important element in this code is the arrangement of characteristic points, called “communication points,” which hold the viewer’s attention. Decoding the points as a sequence of glances, which move from a point to a point creates a set of straight lines. This set of straight lines is the code for reading the spatial structure of an architectural object. Therefore, an important element of any architectural design is to propose a set of highly explicit focal points. In conclusion, the essence of Juliusz Żórawski’s theory lies in the characteristics of the human psyche like the search for straight lines, trying to understand what is being seen, the perception of the outside world as a set of arrangements against the surrounding background. It should be emphasized that the main elements of his theory are confirmed by contemporary neuropsychological findings. This shows how many disciplines of science the art of architecture comprises.
Closure Solutions for a Non-Compliant Landfill: Case Study from Parța Non-Compliant Landfill, Timiș County, Romania
Authors: Ioana-Alina Cretan , Anca Moscovici
Published: September 2019

Non-compliant landfills contain significant amounts of waste accumulated for years, representing significant sources of soil, air and groundwater pollution and population illness. All non-compliant urban landfills have closed storage before the year 2009. The non-compliant urban deposits in Timis County were unfinished and did not meet the conditions for the protection of environmental factors according to the Government Decision no. 349/2005 on waste disposal, Decision transposing Directive no. 1999/31 / EC on the storage of waste, therefore the required closure procedures that were finalized in the year 2015. The paper aims to present closing procedures that were taken to close the Parț a non-compliant landfill as part of the Integrated Waste Management System in Timis County, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), through the Sectoral Operational Program Environment 2007 - 2013, Priority Axis 2, “Development of integrated waste management systems and the rehabilitation of contaminated historical sites”
Influence of the Type of HMA and Free Space Content and the Thermal Conductivity Coefficient λ
Authors: Mieczkowski Pawel , Budzinski Bartosz
Published: September 2019

The surface temperature is diversified in cross-section and varies with external conditions. The dynamics of these changes depend on the possibility of taking over heat through the top layer and from its further flow to the lower layers of the structure. The heat transfer through pavements takes place due to convective heat exchange with air and radiation. Further heat transfer through the surface layers is due to conduction and is defined by the Fourier equation. The solution to the equation is the method of separating variables in the form of the product of two functions: time and space. The parameter decisive for the heat flow rate into the surface is the thermal conduction coefficient λ. For the purpose or type of HMA the value of this coefficient is not constant, assigned to the layer or type of asphalt mixture. It depends on the type of aggregate (its thermal properties), the volume shares of individual components (asphalt, aggregate), the structure of the material and the content of free spaces. The value of the thermal conductivity coefficient is also influenced by the degree of material moisture and temperature. The article presents the results of tests of the thermal conductivity coefficient of sixteen HMA. They were different due to the type of mixture (asphalt concrete, stone mastic asphalt, porous asphalt, macadam mix), the type of aggregate used (granite, diabase), the volume of free space and the temperature of the designation. The choice of aggregates was dictated by their diversity in terms of origin, acidity and thermal and physical properties. In both cases, they are igneous rocks, where the diabase belongs to the vein group (with a composition similar to basalts), and the granite to the deep-sea ones. They differ from each other in terms of acidity (diabase is a basic rock - alkaline, whereas granite is an example of acidic rock - salic), thermal parameters (thermal conductivity, specific heat and emissivity of radiation) and physical (density). The choice of the type of binder was conditioned by the intended use of the mixture. 50/70 asphalt was used for the abrasive layer, while the binding layer and foundation as well as the 35/50 asphalt macadam mix were used. The content of free spaces in the mixes ranged from 2.0% to 33.8%. The test was carried out at 20 ° C and 50 ° C. The obtained results indicate that concrete-type mixes (AC) are characterized by higher thermal conductivity coefficients than mixtures with an increased grit fraction (SMA, PA, Macadam). The basic parameter influencing the value of the thermal conductivity coefficient was the content of free spaces. With its increase, the heat conductivity decreased.
How different are dwellings whose energy efficiency impacts price formation?
Authors: Chen Ai , Marmolejo-Duarte Carlos
Published: September 2019

Housing energy-efficiency has become a relevant issue since it is mandatory to exhibit an Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) when transacting real estate in the European Union. A number of studies have focused on energy-efficiency marginal prices using hedonic models from cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives. Some of them have found that the increase of relevance of EPC ranks (i.e. marginal prices) is not the same for all the A-G classes. This study aims to explore the differences in terms of architectonic and location attributes between the apartments depicting an increase of EPC ranking marginal prices regarding those where energy efficiency seems not to play a role in price formation. In doing so, a pooled spatial error hedonic model is done using selling information for multifamily housing in Barcelona for the years of 2014 and 2016. Furthermore, it is shown which EPC ranks do exhibit an increase in terms of marginal prices in the period studied. Finally, we compare the architectonic and locative attributes for the set of homes where the energy efficiency has increased in terms of price importance to the set of homes where it has not increased. The results suggest that dwellings with high and medium EPC ranks (e.g. A for 2014; and B, C and D for 2016) are more expensive, larger and boasting of better architectonic qualities than the rest of homes where EPC ranks failed to have a role in price formation. On the contrary, the location attributes are different: while A-ranked dwellings of 2014 are located on peripheries where new housing completions are placed; B, C and D-ranked homes of 2016 are located in more centric locations. These findings have implications for future analysis regarding the energy premium and energy poverty, since specific characteristics in different submarkets may have a different impact on housing prices.
On Innovative Concrete-Rubber Composite Blocks Reducing Effects of Dynamic Mechanical Impact: The Review of Structural Solutions
Authors: Kulinski Krzysztof
Published: September 2019

In this paper structural solutions concerning innovative precast concrete hollow blocks with rubber injects are discussed. Knowing that the concrete material has relatively low damping factor, injecting in blocks additional rubber layers improves the overall damping coefficient against propagation of mechanical waves. In order to prepare in the concrete block required hollows under the rubber injects, special form made of plastic or steel is required. Discussed solution is very cheap to achieve. Prepared form could be placed into the cuboid form, where concrete mix has already been poured. After the congeal process both forms could be removed and in the premade hollows, rubber material could be injected. According to that, production process is changed in only a small manner in comparison to the original concrete blocks production. Moreover, as an inject, recycled rubber material may be used. Research conducted by other researchers mainly concerns case, where crumbed rubber is added to the concrete mix in order to obtain desired composite parameters. In this paper different approach is discussed, where rubber is injected into hollow concrete blocks. There were and are performed dynamic and thermal numerical analyses with different shapes or rubber injects. One of the main aims of performed studies is to estimate the damping factor against propagation of mechanical wave in blocks. On the other hand, heat transfer of proposed blocks is also very important from the economical point of view. Despite of analysing single precast concrete-rubber hollow blocks, analyses concerning utilization of that blocks in three-layered wall have also been performed. ADINA code has been used, which is fully based on finite element method. As a concrete material describing hollow blocks C16/20 and C20/25 concrete strength classes have been adopted, which are the most popularly used in Poland. Rubber has been represented via Mooney-Rivlin and/or Zahorski material model. In order to use Zahorski model, special modification of ADINA material library has been introduced. Through the analyses, it has been shown that shape of rubber injects have significant influence on mechanical waves refraction and their dissipation. Moreover, due to relatively small volume of rubber injects in comparison to the whole concrete block, the reduction of block compressive strength would be insignificant. Presented in this paper prototype solutions may be treated as innovative because of rarely met combination of concrete with rubber as well as relatively easy and cheap implementation in the production process.
Studies on reconstruction of the Holy Cross wooden church in Wodzisław Śląski
Authors: Pocisk-Dobrowolski Jerzy
Published: September 2019

Wooden churches used to commonly appear in Silesia through the past centuries. Their location was the result of local people’s needs and the accessibility of materials necessary to construct them. The form and the nature of those churches were the fruit of intermingling influences of various national cultures of the inhabitants of those areas, craftsmanship experience of various structure builders and depended on the extent of wealth of the cities, towns and villages they were erected in. Wodzisław Śląski was among the places with wooden sacred objects, in the 19th century, it was a small town with population consisting mainly of Poles, Germans and Jews.The Holy Cross wooden church was a hospital object. The church itself was situated on top of a low hill with a brook flowing in its direct vicinity. In the periods of heavy rainfalls, the rapid stream used to wash out the hill, thus, affecting the church foundations, directly contributing to deterioration of the structure’s technical condition. The critically bad condition of the church structure was the main reason for the decision to pull it down after 1826. Throughout the recent years, the growth of the local patriotism induced the interest in the town’s history and its historical panorama. Relatively few pieces of information on the church and no drawings thereof have been preserved. The archeological and architectural research revealed a lot of interesting facts related to the church and concerning its structure and its supposed non-typical form. A realistic method to satisfy the curiosity how the church looked like in the period of its splendor was the construction of its model based on the research and studies carried out, the very construction of the miniature model in progress being a test site verifying some suppositions about the church’s appearance. The model built was added to the exhibits of the Wodzisław Śląski Museum, becoming a contribution to the discussion on methods of the dissemination of information on the historical view of the town and including the research results in the papers concerning the future form and the panorama of modern Wodzisław Śląski.
Modeling of Water Quality Evolution with Advanced Hydroinformatic Tool. Study Case: Bega Channel Sector
Authors: Petrica Hausler-Cozma Dorian , Beilicci Erika , Beilicci Robert
Published: September 2019

Water quality evolution modeling is very important to predict the changes in surface water quality for water resources and environmental management in the world. Worldwide, in the last decades, hundreds of surface water quality models have been developed. Water quality models based on advanced hydroinformatic tools are an efficient way to simulate and predict the pollutant transport in water courses, lakes and reservoirs, which can contribute to saving the cost of labors and materials for a large number of sampling and chemical experiments to determine the degree of pollution of water bodies. Surface water quality models are useful tools to simulate and predict the levels, distributions, and risks of chemical pollutants in a given water body, in different scenarios of pollution (point source, distributed source and accidentally pollution). The modeling results from these models are very important components of environmental impact assessment and can provide a basis and a technique support for specialists from the water resources and environmental management authorities to make the right decisions. For the case study, we use MIKE11 advanced hydroinformatic tool. MIKE11, part of the DHI software products, is a professional engineering software package for the simulation of flows, water quality and sediment transport in estuaries, rivers, irrigation systems, channels and other water bodies. MIKE11 is a user-friendly, fully dynamic, one-dimensional modeling tool for the detailed analysis, design, management and operation of both simple and complex river and channel systems. The used modules for modeling are Hydrodynamic Module and ECOLab module. The case study was realized on Bega channel sector (city of Timisoara – state border with Serbia), Timis county, Romania.
The impact of the cultural value on the seismic vulnerability of a historical building
Authors: Onescu I. , Onescu E. , Mosoarca M.
Published: September 2019

Romania is a country located in Eastern Europe. It has two important seismic areas, Vrancea and Banat. Vrancea seismic region is located close to the biggest city of Romania, Bucharest, which is also the capital, while Banat seismic area is located in the western part of the country. The most important city from the Banat area is Timisoara, which was also elected to be the European Capital of Culture 2021. Beside the general seismicity of the area, which is characterised by shallow earthquakes of crustal type, Timisoara city presents also two seismic faults that cross the western part of the city. The peak ground acceleration is considered to be ag=0.20g, while the maximum recorded magnitude was MW=5.6-5.8. The paper is a part of a larger research work which aims to assess the seismic vulnerability of the historical buildings in Timisoara city and their specific failure mechanisms, through both empirical simplified and mechanical numerical analysis. This study presents a new methodology that was previously proposed by the authors in their work and that considers also the influence of the cultural value in the process of assessing the seismic vulnerability. The consideration of the architectural, artistic, urbanistic and social elements can considerably influence the seismic vulnerability of a building. The highest the cultural value, the highest the need for rehabilitation work. The study is focused on one of the most important historical buildings of the city, Elite’s Palace, and compares the results of the empirical seismic vulnerability assessment with and without considering the cultural value. This kind of research could provide valuable information for the local authorities and could represent the base of a prioritization list for the future rehabilitation work.