bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of mother education level in delivery method preference
Authors: ARDİC Cuneyt
Published: April 2018

Introduction:
Cesarean
section rate (CS) has increased to 15.5% in 2012 while it was 12% in 2000s, in
general. Information during these follow-ups is very important for pregnant
women to decide on delivery method. Another aspect that affects women’s
delivery method is the education level. The objective of this study is to
investigate the effect of education level on delivery method for pregnant
women.Method: This
descriptive study was carried out by the participation of 500 pregnant women
who were regularly followed in Family Physician Polyclinic in Rize between
January 2016 and December 2017. Each pregnant woman was followed up in Family
Health Center at least 4 times during pregnancy. Methods
of delivery of pregnants participating in the study were determined, and the
factors affecting them were investigated with appropriate statistical methods.Results: Of 500
pregnant women included in the study, 254 (50.8%) women were between the ages
of 20-35 and the majority (n=282; 56.4%) were primary and secondary school
graduates. 52 (10.4%) of the mothers were smoking while 104 (20.8%) mothers
were working at any job. The mean age of the mothers participating to study is
28.8±9.8. No correlation was found between the delivery method and age groups.
(p=0.651) Patients were divided into three groups as primary and secondary
school graduates, high school graduates and university graduates according to
the education level. University and higher education group was significantly
choosing cesarean section more than primary school graduates groups. (p=0.021)

Conclusion: In this
study carried out in Turkey, where cesarean section is performed in the world
at most, we have figured out that there is a relation between high education
level and socio-economic status of pregnant women and cesarean delivery
preference.
Pengaruh pH Dan Suhu Terhadap Stabilitas Antosianin Dari Ekstrak Kulit Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea Batatas (L.) Lam.)
Authors: Fendri Sandra Tri juli
Published: April 2018

The aim of this research is to knowing about the stability of anthocyanin dye against the influence of pH and temperature, and also degradation of color from purple sweet potato’s peel extracts. The process of sweet potato extraction was done by maceration using ethanol 96%. Anthocyanin stability test was performed on the pH, and variation of pH are 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9. While, temperature variation that used are room temperature, 40°C, 60°C, 80°C and 100°C. To know the absorbance value for color degradation of anthocyanin was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 528 nm wavelength maximum. The results of analysis data statistic by using (ANOVA) two way advanced to Duncan test (SPSS 17.0) in stability of pH and temperature are showed that samples more stabile at pH 1 than pH 3 and 5 because there are significant value. The result of % color degradation from pH sample 1, 3 and 5 respectively are 1,47% ; 49,63%  and 52,32%.
Pembuatan Lahan Percontohan Tanaman Padi (Oriza Sativa L.) melalui Recovery Logam Berat
Authors: Ngatijo Ngatijo
Published: April 2018

Telah dilakukan sintesis material amonium kuaterner hibrida silika (AKHS) dari abu sekam padi (ASP) sebagai prekursor silika. Proses modifikasi silika dengan  gugus amin  digunakan 3-aminopropriltrimetoksisilan (3-APTMS) untuk membentuk silika termodifikasi amin (STA). Proses reaksi metilasi digunakan metil iodida dengan pelarut dimetil formamida (DMF) dan toluena, sehingga terbentuk material AKHS. Karakterisasi dilakukan dengan spektroskopi infra merah (FTIR) dan difraksi sinar-X (XRD). Morfologi permukaan dan komposisi unsur diidentifikasi dengan SEM-EDX. Pengaruh pH larutan diperoleh pada pH optimum untuk ion Au(III) dan Hg(II) berturut-turut pada pH 3 dan 5. Logam berat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan padi (Oriza Sativa L.) pada lahan bekas penambangan emas.
The effect of haloperidol, aminooxyacetic acid and (-)-nuciferine on prolonging survival time of mice with tetanus
Authors: Mujezinovic Indira , Smajlovic Ahmed , Cupic Vitomir
Published: April 2018

Introduction. Tetanus, also known as lockjaw, is a very dangerous, infectious, acute, usually afebrile disease characterised by muscle spasms. The causative agent of the disease is the bacterium Clostridium tetani. This pathogen produces a specific neurotoxin, termed tetanus toxin, with two components: tetanospasmin and tetanolysin. Light chains of tetanospasmin cleavage synaptobrevin, which in turn prevent release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA into the synaptic cleft. The ?-motor neurons are, therefore, under no inhibitory control, as a result of which they undergo sustained excitatory discharge causing the characteristic motor spasms of tetanus. Materials and Methods. In this research, we attempted to normalise disorders caused by tetanus toxin by using haloperidol (at doses of 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 mg/kg b.w.), alone and in combination with (-)-nuciferine (at a dose of 5 mg/kg b.w.) or aminooxyacetic acid (at a dose of 20 mg/kg b.w.). Experiments were conducted on albino mice. Experimental tetanus was induced by application of tetanus toxin. Results and Conclusions. Application of haloperidol (alone and in combination with (-)-nuciferine and aminooxyacetic acid) was carried out 24 h following the application of tetanus toxin. It was found that haloperidol, given alone in a dose of 4 mg/kg, prolonged the average survival time of mice with experimental tetanus by 24.35 h compared to the control animals. Additionally, the combination of haloperidol with (-)-nuciferine slightly, but non-significantly, extended survival time , while the combination of haloperidol with aminooxyacetic acid produced the best effect on extension of survival time (mice survived on average 27.74 h longer than control mice).
Doc2b Protects β-Cells Against Inflammatory Damage and Enhances Function
Authors: Aslamy Arianne , Oh Eunjin , Olson Erika M. , Zhang Jing , Ahn Miwon , Moin Abu Saleh Md , Tunduguru Ragadeepthi , Salunkhe Vishal A. , Veluthakal Rajakrishnan , Thurmond Debbie C.
Published: April 2018

Loss of functional β-cell mass is an early feature of type 1 diabetes. To release insulin, β-cells require soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) complexes, as well as SNARE complex regulatory proteins like double C2 domain–containing protein β (Doc2b). We hypothesized that Doc2b deficiency or overabundance may confer susceptibility or protection, respectively, to the functional β-cell mass. Indeed, Doc2b+/− knockout mice show an unusually severe response to multiple-low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ), resulting in more apoptotic β-cells and a smaller β-cell mass. In addition, inducible β-cell–specific Doc2b-overexpressing transgenic (βDoc2b-dTg) mice show improved glucose tolerance and resist MLD-STZ–induced disruption of glucose tolerance, fasting hyperglycemia, β-cell apoptosis, and loss of β-cell mass. Mechanistically, Doc2b enrichment enhances glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and SNARE activation and prevents the appearance of apoptotic markers in response to cytokine stress and thapsigargin. Furthermore, expression of a peptide containing the Doc2b tandem C2A and C2B domains is sufficient to confer the beneficial effects of Doc2b enrichment on GSIS, SNARE activation, and apoptosis. These studies demonstrate that Doc2b enrichment in the β-cell protects against diabetogenic and proapoptotic stress. Furthermore, they identify a Doc2b peptide that confers the beneficial effects of Doc2b and may be a therapeutic candidate for protecting functional β-cell mass.
Association of Hemoglobin A1c and Wound Healing in Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Fesseha Betiel K. , Abularrage Christopher J. , Hines Kathryn F. , Sherman Ronald , Frost Priscilla , Langan Susan , Canner Joseph , Likes Kendall C. , Hosseini Sayed M. , Jack Gwendolyne , Hicks Caitlin W. , Yalamanchi Swaytha , Mathioudakis Nestoras
Published: April 2018

OBJECTIVE

This study evaluated the association between hemoglobin A1c (A1C) and wound outcomes in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a retrospective analysis of an ongoing prospective, clinic-based study of patients with DFUs treated at an academic institution during a 4.7-year period. Data from 270 participants and 584 wounds were included in the analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to assess the incidence of wound healing at any follow-up time in relation to categories of baseline A1C and the incidence of long-term (≥90 days) wound healing in relation to tertiles of nadir A1C change and mean A1C change from baseline, adjusted for potential confounders.

RESULTS

Baseline A1C was not associated with wound healing in univariate or fully adjusted models. Compared with a nadir A1C change from baseline of −0.29 to 0.0 (tertile 2), a nadir A1C change of 0.09 to 2.4 (tertile 3) was positively associated with long-term wound healing in the subset of participants with baseline A1C <7.5% (hazard ratio [HR] 2.07; 95% CI 1.08–4.00), but no association with wound healing was seen with the mean A1C change from baseline in this group. Neither nadir A1C change nor mean A1C change were associated with long-term wound healing in participants with baseline A1C ≥7.5%.

CONCLUSIONS

There does not appear to be a clinically meaningful association between baseline or prospective A1C and wound healing in patients with DFUs. The paradoxical finding of accelerated wound healing and increase in A1C in participants with better baseline glycemic control requires confirmation in further studies.
Understandings of Students’ Environmental Ethics About Importance of Biodiversity in Kars
Authors: GÜRBÜZOĞLU YALMANCI Sibel
Published: April 2018

Turkey is among the most important biodiversity areas of the world. For this reason Biodiversity education is a necessity for Turkey and researches on this issue is important. The identification of environmental ethics approaches that will form the basis for students’ thinking about important environmental issues such as biodiversity will present different perspectives for the solution of this issue which has become an environmental problem and will affect environmental behavior. The aim of this study is to determine tthe students’ environmental ethics approaches for the importance of biodiversity. The case study was used in the study within the qualitative research model. As a data collection tool, a questionnaire form consisting of open ended questions was used. Content analysis and percent value calculations were made for the analysis of collected data. Categories and codes were created in the light of the answers given to the questions. According to the results of the study, students answered the most anthropocentric ethical approach in all questions. It can be said that this approach is more dominant in students.
Penalization of bribery and differentiation of liability for it in the Soviet criminal law
Authors:   Kuban State University, Rassokhina Anna Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2018

The paper analyzes the approaches to establishing criminal liability for bribery during the Soviet period of the Russian state. The novelty lies in the fact that this research is one of the few studies that focuses on penalization and differentiation of criminal liability. The judicial practice of this historical period is analyzed, and the relevant statistics are presented. The author notes the anti-bribery activity conducted throughout the entire Soviet state. Laws and regulations being in force in the above-mentioned period are discussed. The paper identifies the evolving approaches to differentiation of liability for bribery and its penalization in criminal law. It is concluded that many provisions of the amended Soviet law are reflected in the current Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The paper reveals the aspects of penalization and differentiation of criminal liability for bribery in the Soviet period and determines the reasons for the ineffective fight against corruption offences at this historical stage.
The main barriers to the creation and management of the social image of business organization (a case study of Volgograd)
Authors:   Volgograd Institute of Management,  Branch of Russian Presidential Academy of  National Economy and Public Administration, Sagaydak Varvara Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2018

In today’s information society, there is a trend towards the increased interest in the non-core aspects of business organization, including its social image. The research analyzes the main barriers to the creation and management of the social image of business organization. It is important to understand these barriers in order to develop an effective strategy for the social image management. The creation and management of the social image of Volgograd business organizations are reviewed on the basis of sociological research conducted in 2015–2016. The author concludes that the main barriers to the management of the social image of business organizations are the lack of free financial resources, high costs of the creation of the organization’s social image, and the lack of specially trained staff.
Professional career in the gender dimension
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of  Economics and Management, Ilyinykh Svetlana Anatolyevna , Bychkova Maria Mikhailovna ,   Novosibirsk State University of  Economics and Management
Published: April 2018

Professional career is an important progressive process of individual advancement through official stages of professional development. Both men and women are particularly suited to the rapid career development but gender stereotypes impede this process. Based on empirical research, the authors demonstrate that the social status of respondents as an indicator of the high efficiency of their activity and the conformity of activity to self-esteem play an important role while building a career. Respondents have an idea of the professional qualities that help both men and women build a career and relate to different semantic fields. The active position of moving “forward” is important for men during the career enhancement, while remaining in their posts, which is deep in essence but the local in terms of possibilities, is the priority for women. When assessing the qualities that hinder career advancement, the authors identify the gender-specific inconsistencies.
Concerning the history of child abuse in the family and society
Authors:   East Siberian State University of  Technology and Management, Bazarova Ayuna Viktorovna , Osokheeva Balzhima Radnazhapovna ,   East Siberian State University of  Technology and Management
Published: April 2018

The paper deals with the problem of child abuse in the family and society throughout human history. Domestic violence and child abuse in society are a social disease which has a long history and is still relevant today. The research reviews the phenomenon of infanticide, religious sacrifices, the postulates of family education mentioned in the Bible, Domostroy and other legal instruments. The causes of child abuse are distinguished by historical periods and types of society. Thus, in the Barbarian society, it served as a means of regulating the population in the context of food scarcity and was dictated by the need to survive in the harsh climate. In Patriarchal societies, violence was a way of preserving the status of the father, a man as a head of the family which was supported, inter alia, by religion and social ideology.
Sanatta Esinlenme Süreçleri, Beethoven'dan Tolstoy'a Tolstoy'dan Günümüze: Kreutzer Sonat
Authors: ALİEVA Zoumroud
Published: April 2018

Makalenin
amacı, « Kreutzer Sonat » olarak da bilinen, Ludwig Van Beethoven’ın
keman ve piyano için yazdığı 9 numaralı sonatının, dünyadaki bir
çok sanatçının eserlerinin yaratılma süreçlerini nasıl etkilemiş olduğunu
irdelemektir. Buna en önemli örnek olarak Lev Tolstoy’un 1889 yılında
yayımladığı aynı isimli romanı ‘Kreutzer
Sonat’ ı gösterebiliriz. Bu uzun öykü mutsuz bir çiftin hayatını yok eden yıkıcı bir aşk, yakıcı bir öfke ve
öldürücü bir kıskançlığı
konu alır. Tolstoy’un bu eseri Rus edebiyatında 19.yüzyıl ayrıcalıklı
sınıfların kültüründe kadının rolünü, aile düzenini sorgulayan, aşk, evlilik ve
kadın cinselliği ile ilgili farklı düşünceleri ifade eden ve zamanında uygunsuz
olarak algılanan bir eser olarak tanınır. Lev Tolstoy’un uzun öyküsüne
Beethoven’ın Kreutzer Sonat’ı
ile aynı ismi vermiş olması Beethoven’ın müzikte yaptığı devrimsel tavıra adeta
bir göndermedir. Edebiyatçı kimliğiyle Tolstoy’un, birkaç düzeyde
« Kreutzer » kelimesine çeşitili anlamlar yüklediğini 
görmekteyiz. Eserin, yaratma sürecinde biçimsel, dönemsel, düşünsel ve benzeri tüm engelleri aşan bir
atılımla sanatta özgür ve özgün düşüncenin gelişmesinde Beethoven’nın atılımına
benzer bir çizgi izlediğini
göstermiştir. Tolstoy’un bu eserinin gerek isminin seçilmesinde, gerekse
içeriğindeki tavırda, müziğe bu kadar vakıf olmasının da rolü vardır. Yakın
arkadaşı Nikolai Rubinstein’ın Tolstoy’un
bir sorusuna cevap olarak Beethoven’ın Kreutzer Sonatı’nın çağının kalıplarını kıran birinci bölümüne dikkat çekmesinin bu esinlenmede büyük bir rolü olduğu düşünülür. Makale
öncelikle bu iki büyük sanatçının eserlerinin ortaya çıkış ve tarihte yer alış
süreçlerini mercek altına alacak ve yine Beethoven’in sonatın müzikal
kalıplarını  kırıp, müzik dünyasında önce derin şaşkınlık ve daha sonra
hayranlık yaratan Kreutzer Sonatı’nın, tarihte diğer sanatlarda da hiç bitmeyen
yansımalarına ve bundan esinlenmiş diğer  sanat eserlerine dikkat
çekecektir.
Türk-Yunan Mübadelesinde Hilâl-i Ahmer Cemiyeti 27. İmdad-ı Sıhhî Heyeti’nin Selanik’teki Faaliyetleri (Ekim 1923-Ekim 1924)
Authors: ÇAVDAR Hüseyin
Published: April 2018

Lozan görüşmelerinde kabul

edilen Türk-Yunan ahalisinin mübadelesi sözleşmesi 25 Ağustos 1923 tarihinde TBMM

tarafından yürürlüğe konuldu. Bu sözleşmeye göre İstanbul’da yaşayan Ortodoks

Rumlar ile Batı Trakya’da yaşayan Müslüman Türkler sözleşmenin dışında tutulmuş

ve geri kalan ahalinin mübadelesine 1 Mayıs 1923’ten itibaren başlanılması

kararlaştırılmıştır. Sözleşmenin yürürlüğe girmesinden sonra mübadele işleri

ile alakadar olması için Eylül 1923’te Mübadele İmar ve İskân Vekâleti

kurulmuştur. Vekâlet’in bütçesi ve teşkilatlanma biçimi mübadele işlerini tek

başına gerçekleştirmesini mümkün kılmamıştı. Bundan dolayı Vekâlet Eylül 1923

tarihinden itibaren Hilâl-i Ahmer Cemiyeti ile görüşmelere başlamış ve Hilâl-i

Ahmer Cemiyeti de mübadele işlerine dâhil edilmiştir. Cemiyet tarafından gerek

Türkiye’de gerekse Yunanistan’da imdad heyetleri teşkil edilmiş ve bu imdad

heyetleri vasıtasıyla Türkiye’ye sevk edilecek olan mübadillerin ihtiyaçları

ile ilgilenilmiştir. Cemiyetin kurmuş olduğu imdad heyetlerinden biri de 27.

Selanik İmdad Heyeti’dir. Bu heyet, mübadele boyunca yüz binlerce kişinin

sağlık, iaşe, iskân ve diğer sorunlarıyla ilgilenmiştir.

Bu makalede Kızılay Arşivi,

Hilâl-i Ahmer Mecmuası, TBMM Zabıt Cerideleri, Hilâl-i Ahmer Cemiyeti

tarafından hazırlanan raporlar ve araştırma eserler incelenerek, mübadelede

Hilâl-i Ahmer Cemiyeti 27. İmdad-ı Sıhhî Heyeti’nin Selanik’teki faaliyetleri

incelenmiştir.
Osmanlı Seferleri’nde Orducu Esnafı’nın Fonksiyonları
Authors: ÇELİK Bülent
Published: April 2018

Bu

çalışma Osmanlı Askeri sistemi içinde yer alan ancak üzerinde pek durulmamış ve

diğer askeri birliklerle karşılaştırıldığında küçük bir topluluğu kapsayan ve

üstelik muharip olmayan bir grubu, orducuları ya da ordu esnafını ele almaktadır.

Günümüzde özellikle Osmanlı askeri yapısı, teknolojisi ve lojistiğine yönelik

bilimsel çalışmalarda bir artış gözlenmektedir. Çeşitli yıllara ait askeri

seferler, sefer lojistiği, ordu yapısı, taktikler ve savaş araç gereçlerindeki

değişimler ya da tek başına savaşlar bilimsel bir gözle değerlendirilmekte,

neden-sonuç ilişkileri kurulmaya çalışılmaktadır. Orducu esnafının Osmanlı

savaş aygıtındaki yeri ve önemini ele alacak bir çalışma makale boyutunu aşacak

düzeydedir. Kısmen de olsa bu çalışmamızda, sefer sırasında Osmanlı ordusunun

çeşitli ihtiyaçlarını gideren ve orducu adıyla seferde istihdam edilen lonca

üyeleri ve üretimleri hakkında bilgi verilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Türk-Moğol Tarihindeki Vezirlik Kurumunun İlhanlı Hanedanlığındaki Uygulamaları Çerçevesinde Yeniden Düşünmek
Authors: DALKESEN Nilgün
Published: April 2018

Türk-Moğol tarihinde hanlar ve beyler

hep mücadele içinde olmuşlar ve hanlar beylere karşı otoritelerini korumaya

çalışmışlardır. Türk-Moğol devlet adamları İslam medeniyet dairesi içine

girdikten sonra, bu medeniyetin sunduğu merkezi bürokratik siyasi anlayışını,

ülkelerini daha iyi yönetebilmek ve hükümdarın güç ve otoritesini arttırmak

için büyük bir hevesle kabul etmişlerdir. Nizâmü’l-Mülk’ün Siyasetnâme adlı eserinde en sistematik bir şekilde vücut bulan bu

yeni siyasi anlayışa göre hükümdar, başında vezirin bulunduğu bürokratlarla

birlikte onların engin devlet yönetme bilgi ve tecrübelerinden yararlanarak

ülkelerinin mutlak hâkimi olacaktı. Ancak vezirler, hükümdarlar onlara sözünü

geçirebilecek kadar güçlü olduklarında, onların yanında hanedanlığın ve ülkenin

çıkarları için çalıştılar. Merkezi otorite zayıfladığında ise kendi şahsi

çıkarlarına göre hareket etmişlerdir. Dolayısı ile siyasi ve ekonomik

sorunların oluşmasında ve büyümesinde çok etkili olmuşlardır. Buna rağmen

tarihsel kaynaklarda ve tarih yazımında genel olarak Türk-Moğol kabileleri ve

onların liderleri olan emirler siyasi ve ekonomik çıkar peşinden koştukları

için görev ve yetkilerini kötüye kullanan, her fırsatta hükümdara muhalif olan

kişiler olarak tasvir edilmişlerdir. Bu çalışmada “Tarihte ehl-i kalem ve ehl-i kılıç

zümreleri neden iki zıt kutup gibi gösterilmişlerdir? Bunun sebepleri nelerdir?

sorularına İlhanlı İmparatorluğu’nda vezir ve bürokratların İran ve Anadolu’da

yapmış oldukları siyasi ve ekonomik faaliyetler çerçevesinde cevap aranmaya

çalışılacaktır. 
Sovyetler Birliği’nin Rusçayı Azerbaycan’da Hâkim Kılma Politikaları
Authors: SUBAŞI Turgut , ABBASLI Sabina
Published: April 2018

XX. yüzyılın ilk çeyreğinde Azerbaycan’da Çarlık rejiminin

dağılması ve bağımsız Azerbaycan Cumhuriyetinin kurulması dil ve millileşme

açısından gerçekleştirilecek önemli politikaların habercisiydi. Ancak 26 Nisan

1920 yılında Kızıl Ordu’nun Bakü’ye girmesiyle Azerbaycan’da 71 sene hükmedecek

Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti kurulmuş oldu. SSCB adı altında Rusya ile birleştirilen

15 devletten biri olan Azerbaycan’da 1828 yılından itibaren Çarlık Rusya’sı

tarafından gerçekleştirilen Ruslaştırma politikaları devam ettirilmiştir. SSCB’nin

kurulduğu ilk yıllarda milletlere ve dillere sözde özgürlük verileceği vaat

edilmiş, dillerin hukuki eşitliğinden bahsedilmiştir. Ancak ilerleyen yıllarda

yapılan uygulamalarla bütün bunların sadece boş bir vaat olduğu görülmüştür. SSCB

döneminde hiçbir resmi belgede ve yazışmalarda Rusçanın devlet dili olmasından

bahsedilmemiştir. Ancak yumuşak güç politikasıyla, zor kullanmadan Rusça

insanların hayatında bir ihtiyaç haline getirilmiştir. Resmi olmasa da, fiili

olarak Rusça resmi dil konumuna gelmiştir. Bu makalede SSCB döneminde dil

üzerinde uygulanan politikalar ve yöntemler ele alınmaktadır.
İzmir’de Tüketime Sunulan Çeşitli Firmalara Ait Erişte ve Noodle Ürünlerinin Bazı Kimyasal ve Fiziksel Kalite Nitelikleri
Authors: KEMAHLIOĞLU Kemal , DEMİRAĞ Kemal
Published: April 2018

Bu

çalışmada çeşitli firmaların erişte ve yağda kızarmış çabuk erişte (noodle)

örneklerinin bazı kimyasal ve fiziksel kalite özelliklerinin araştırılması

amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlara göre, erişte örneklerinin değerlerinin

rutubet, kül, protein, yağ, tuz ve aw değerlerinin sırasıyla %10.36-12.96;

%0.49-1.30; %11.45-13.55; %0.27-2.11; %0.06-0.61 ve 0.479-0.662 aralığında, noodle

örneklerinin ise rutubet %4.42-5.71; kül %1.0-2.42; protein %9.65-10.95; yağ

%17.15-23.59; tuz %0.36-0.58 ve aw değerlerinin 0.284-0.418

aralığında olduğu saptanmıştır. Fiziksel özelliklerden renk değerlerinin erişte

örnekleri için L 54.08-77.99; a 3.49-10.44; b 19.58-43.91 olduğu belirlenirken,

noodle örnekleri için ölçülen L 70.91-75.27; a 2.23-6.56; b 25.48-32.34 renk

değerleri arasında değiştiği ve eriştelere göre daha açık renkli oldukları

belirlenmiştir. Pişmiş eriştelerin sertlik değerleri 252.95-997.63gf arasında

değişirken, pişmiş noodle örnekleri için ölçülen 242.20-336.91gf sertlik değerine

göre daha sert oldukları saptanmıştır.
SOL HEMİPLEJİ VE DİZARTRİ İLE BAŞVURAN MULTİPL SKLEROZ TANILI HASTADA AKUT İSKEMİK İNME
Authors: Say Bahar , Tunç Mehmet , Yardımcı İlknur , Alpua Murat , Ergün Ufuk
Published: April 2018

Multipl Sklerozda, santral sinir sistemindeki kronik
inflamasyonun indüklediği endotelial disfonksiyon ve buna bağlı ateroskleroz
serebrovasküler hastalık riskini artırır. Multipl Skleroz (sekonder progressif)
ve hipertansiyon (regüle) tanıları olup EDSS skoru 6 olan
54 yaşındaki bayan hasta intravenöz yüksek doz pulse steroid tedavisi sonrası
sol tarafında ani güç kaybı, konuşma ve yutma bozukluğu ile getirildi. Acil
servisteki difüzyon MR’da mezensefalon ile pons sağ kesiminde, serebellar
hemisferlerde difüzyon kısıtlaması gösteren akut enfarkt alanları izlendi. İnme
etiyolojisine yönelik yapılan karotis-vertebral doopler ultrasonografi ve transtorasik
ekokardiografi normaldi. Ritm holterde, aritmi izlenmedi. Rutin laboratuar
tetkikleri, tromboz ve vaskülit markerlerinde patoloji saptanmadı. Olguda inme
nedeni olarak Multipl Skleroz ve immobilite düşünüldü.

Multipl Skleroz hastalarında yeni gelişen nörolojik
disfonksiyon durumunda atak dışı neden, inme olasılığı da her zaman akılda
tutulmalıdır.
Análisis sobre la implantación del singular modelo de Cartas de Servicios en Cataluña
Authors: Caraza Cristín María del Mar
Published: April 2018

En Cataluña, las Cartas de Servicios cuentan con una regulación singular, hasta el momento única. La Ley de Transparencia, Acceso a la Información Pública y Buen Gobierno de esta Comunidad las ha dotado de carácter reglamentario y efectos jurídicos vinculantes. Han pasado de ser soft law a hard law. Y este hecho tiene también importantes consecuencias en el campo de la responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración. Dos años después de la entrada en vigor de la citada Ley, es el momento de analizar cuál ha sido la implantación real de esta novedosa regulación y sacar conclusiones.
La inaudita STC 108/2017, de 21 de septiembre, sobre la Ley del Parlamento de Cataluña 8/2015, de 10 de junio, de creación del municipio de Medinyà
Authors: Pons-Portella Miquel
Published: April 2018

El Tribunal Constitucional, con su Sentencia núm. 108/2017, de 21 de septiembre, ha declarado inconstitucional la Ley del Parlamento de Cataluña 8/2015, de 10 de junio, de creación del municipio de Medinyà. Se trata de una localidad de la provincia de Girona que ha luchado desde la década de 1970 por su segregación municipal, llegando incluso a tramitarse un expediente singularmente convulso que acabó siendo denegado en 2003 por carecer la población de suficientes habitantes. Su creación mediante ley fue concebida entonces como la única posibilidad para satisfacer las aspiraciones de Medinyà. Sin embargo, interpuesto recurso por el Presidente del Gobierno, el Tribunal Constitucional llega a la conclusión de que la Ley de creación del municipio de Medinyà incurre en un vicio insalvable de inconstitucionalidad mediata al no respetar el mínimum demográfico que para la constitución de nuevos municipios contempla la normativa básica del Estado sobre régimen local desde su reforma de 2013. El razonamiento del Tribunal es muy claro, pero su pronunciamiento no despeja en absoluto las dudas que genera el modo cómo tendrá que cumplirse.
La alteración de términos municipales en la reforma local de 2013: crónica de un fracaso anunciado
Authors: Carbonell Porras Eloisa
Published: April 2018

La reforma de la legislación básica de régimen local operada por la Ley 27/2013, de 27 diciembre, de Racionalización y Sostenibilidad de la Administración Local, ha incidido en la planta municipal para intentar corregir los problemas de minifundismo en un doble plano: por un lado, se han endurecido los requisitos para crear municipios por segregación; y, por otro, se aprueban medidas de fomento de la fusión de municipios, regulando el convenio de fusión voluntaria. Estas modificaciones delimitan el objeto de este estudio que analiza los principales problemas jurídicos que la interpretación de estos cambios suscita así como sus consecuencias reales. Sobre su base, se concluye que, aunque los cambios sí son relevantes para impedir nuevos municipios, tienen una eficacia muy limitada para reducir los municipios pequeños existentes.
El municipio turístico de Andalucía: claves sustantivas de su nueva regulación
Authors: Núñez Lozano María del Carmen
Published: April 2018

Este trabajo estudia los aspectos sustantivos de la nueva regulación de Andalucía sobre los municipios turísticos. El análisis jurídico del Decreto 72/2017 permite concluir que la calidad es el principal objetivo de la norma; que se acentúa la consideración de la declaración de Municipio Turístico de Andalucía como un punto de partida y no una meta de llegada; y que la finalidad de este régimen no es compensar los mayores gastos que supone la afluencia de visitantes sino la de mantener y elevar el atractivo turístico del municipio.
Autores en este número
Authors: Redacción REALA
Published: April 2018

Autores que han colaborado en el número 9 de REALA
Good Governance According to Islamic Perspective
Authors: Mohamad Yunus Mohamad Ismail Bin
Published: April 2018

The objectives of the professional agencies must embody provisions that promote good governance and embrace values of integrity and accountability and seek support from the public and the government of the day to provide an independent view on all matters. The universal truth is that everything should be done in the public good. Professionals form the backbone of human infrastructure in any economy, politics, social and legal growth. Their contributions through professional performance enhance the good delivery system that facilitates policies making and management for public sector. They provide the skills and talent in balancing the pursuits of maximization of services. The expression “good governance” has constantly been used lately in both public sector as well as private sector in Malaysia. In the context of a private body, it should be within the framework of the statute, which governs the body and also its constitution. In the public sector, it means that the administrators should act professionally and not to abuse or misuse the power or authority given to them. They are regarded as the trustees of the public at large. The scope of this article is on good public governance in the public sector or to be exact, good governmental administration as interpreted by the judiciary especially through its judicial review power and Islamic Perspective based on the principles of Maqasid As Shariah (Objectives of Islamic Law). Keywords: Good Governance, Public Sector, Malaysian Law, Islamic Perspective, Maqasid As-Shariah.
The Identity Politics of the Minority in Knitting the Constitutionality (The Legal review of Sunda Wiwitan Community of Cigugur, Kuningan, West Java)
Authors: Sarip Sarip
Published: April 2018

The Identity Politics of Sunda Wiwitan community, which nowadays is rated as a form of self-preservation to meet the economic needs of families, has been considered to get restraints from the state. The economic needs make the identity politics as a means to save oneself. The Identification card, which is known as KTP and in which there is a religion column, has created discrimination of the identity for the Sunda Wiwitan Community (KSW). The KSW still runs the obedience to the teachings of the ancestors but to save the economy, the status of the religion is willingly written to be recognized as other religions by the state. There is no other way to save the economic life for the sake of the family survival than to fill in the religion column with the state-recognized religions. The situation is certainly influential for the KSW against other identities such as marriage and education cards. The discussion uses the result that comes from the interviews and some literature. Then the result becomes something ideal for KSW to save themselves in the economic field by changing the identity on the ID card. It is the way from KSW in passing the identity politics to meet the economic needs while the other side becomes the weakness of the Indonesian national law that does not provide any space for KSW in order to have equal opportunity as the Indonesian citizen.  Keywords: The Identity Politics, KSW, Constitutionality.
The Development of Legal Education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Salameh Muamar Hasan , Fotouh Jaida Aboul
Published: April 2018

In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), Islamic Shariah is the foundation of the laws of the state. While the modern Saudi legal system encompasses both written and unwritten laws, Shariah is still considered supreme and hence directs most of the state’s regulations. Nevertheless, currently, those who aim to practice law need to acquire a foundation of all prevailing laws. Due to the supremacy of Shariah, most universities still do not offer comprehensive degree plans, which often poses limitations to the development of legal education in the Kingdom. This study aims to address this conundrum by examining the various degree plans in Saudi universities, scrutinizing whether they offer comprehensive degrees, which should encompass both Shariah laws yet also the newly codified rules. This research draws upon secondary sources, which analyze the progress of the legal education in KSA and its effects on future legal practitioners. Results suggest that the legal curricular should be redesigned to improve the capabilities of prospective legal professionals by integrating the non-codified rules of law with the Islamic law in a more practical, realistic and efficient manner.  Keywords: Legal education, Shariah, Saudi Arabia.
Immature Politicians and Oligarchy As a Threat to Democracy
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Zulfan , Jurdi Fajlurrahman
Published: April 2018

The rise of oligarchy in political democracy in Indonesia has more potential to exterminate democracy in Indonesia itself. Democracy might be used as just a tool by the oligarchy. Oligarchy is the cause that some immature politicians with a very short experience are now holding vital positions such as regents, a party leader, or local parliament member. Some of them might have no integrity, and there is a big possibility that they only just a freeloader from their parents or family experience in politics.  Keywords: Political party, Oligarchy, Immature Politicians
Regulation on Foreign Workers and Principle of Non – Discrimination in ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) based upon Nationality
Authors: Sirait Yohanes Hermanto , Permatasari Ai
Published: April 2018

Abstrak

Setiap Negara wajib menjamin ketersediaan pekerjaan bagi warga negaranya sehingga prioritas pekerja lokal utamanya dilakukan. Meskipun demikian, dengan disahkannya Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (AEC) di awal tahun 2016 in ASEAN, setiap Negara anggota terikat untuk membuka kesempatan bagi tenaga kerja asing untuk bekerja di seluruh Negara anggota ASEAN. Kesepakatan ini dapat saja membawa pada suatu benturan antara kebiajakan nasional yang harus mengutamakan tenaga kerja lokal dengan kewajiban arus bebeas tenaga kerja di ASEAN, khususnya pekerjaan yang diatur dalam Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRAs). Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peraturan mengenai tenaga kerja asing dan implementasi prinsip non-diskriminasi berdasarkan kebangsaan di AEC. Penelitian ini tentunya berkaitan dengan peran Negara dalam menjamin stabilitas tenaga kerja asing dan kesuksesan dari AEC. Pada akhirnya, tulisan ini mendorong setiap Negara anggota ASEAN untuk melakukan harmonisasi guna membuat suatu standar baru bagi tenaga kerja asing berdasarkan MRAs.

Kata kunci: Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN; Tenaga Kerja Asing; Kebangsaan; Prinsip Non-Diskriminasi
A Remark on Maksimova's Variable Separation Property in Super-Bi-Intuitionistic Logics
Authors: Badia Guillermo
Published: April 2018

We provide a sucient frame-theoretic condition for a super bi-intuitionistic logic to have Maksimova's variable separation property. We conclude that bi-intuitionistic logic enjoys the property. Furthermore, we offer an algebraic characterization of the super-bi-intuitionistic logics with Maksimova's property.
Non-Classical Circular Definitions
Authors: Standefer Shawn
Published: April 2018

Circular denitions have primarily been studied in revision theory in the classical scheme. I present systems of circular denitions in the Strong Kleene and supervaluation schemes and provide complete proof systems for them. One class of denitions, the intrinsic denitions, naturally arises in both schemes. I survey some of the features of this class of denitions.
Skolem Functions in Non-Classical Logics
Authors: Øgaard Tore Fjetland
Published: April 2018

This paper shows how to conservatively extend theories formulated in non-classical logics such as the Logic of Paradox, the Strong Kleene Logic and relevant logics with Skolem functions. Translations to and from the language extended by Skolem functions into the original one are presented and shown to preserve derivability. It is also shown that one may not always substitute s=f(t) and A(t, s) even though A(x,y) determines the extension of a function and f is a Skolem function for A.
Burn all your textbooks
Authors: Akman Varol
Published: April 2018

The standard propositional exposition of necessary and sufficient conditions, as available in introductory logic texts, leads to a contradiction. It should be abolished.
Inference as doxastic agency. Part II: Ramifications and refinements
Authors: Wansing Heinrich , Olkhovikov Grigory K.
Published: April 2018

Justification stit logic is a logic for reasoning about proving as a certain kind of activity, namely seeing to it that a proof is publicly available. It merges the semantical analysis of deliberatively seeing-to-it-that from stit theory (Belnap, Perloff, Xu 2001) and the semantics of the epistemic logic with justification from (Artemov and Nogina 2005). In this paper, after recalling its language and basic semantical definitions, various ramifications and refinements of justification stit logic are presented and discussed: imposing natural restrictions upon the class of models under consideration, making use of modalities that assert the existence of a proof, introducing a variant of justification stit logic based on a semantics introduced by M. Fitting, and adding variable-binding operators and extending the set of proof polynomials.
Exploring the Gap: An Expliration of the Difference in INcome Received from Wages and Salaries by Women and Men in Full-Time Employment
Authors: Kirkwood Heather
Published: April 2018

The difference between the income received by employed women and men in New Zealand is widely recognised. Often referred to as the "gender wage gap"1 , this income differential has prevailed despite significant improvements in the past 50 years including changes in society's attitudes towards women in employment and increasing numbers of women in paid work. What then can this difference be attributed to? Is it structural factors such as age and occupation, or are there other un-measurable factors at work? Confining itself to the wages and salaries of women and men in full-time employment, this paper presents some of the results of recent analysis conducted by Statistics New Zealand's Analytical Support Division. Using data from the 1997 New Zealand Income Survey and several different multivariate techniques, this analysis attempts to explore some of the factors behind this "earnings gap". Originally conducted for an upcoming Statistics New Zealand analytical publication, this research first explores the factors responsible for prescribing the level of earnings for all people then applies these results in a process of standardisation. The results leave much scope for both discussion and a continuation of analysis.
Releasing the Potential of Nursing Labour
Authors: Pye Michael
Published: April 2018

The recent release of the "Report of the Ministerial Taskforce on Nursing: Releasing the Potential of Nursing" provides a useful point of reference to analyse again the changing division of labour in the production of health and sickness services in New Zealand following a period of significant reform. Sociological inquiry into the relationships between the various occupational groups engaged in the provision of health services has, in the past, tended to focus on the professionalising projects of the respective occupations, and on the contestation/cooperation at the 'closure boundaries' between those groups. This paper argues that, in the reformed health sector, with its cascade of principals and agents, output based contracts and contestable contracting; the historic form of analysis is adequate. A different form of analysis is needed to explore the new changing relationships both within and between the health occupational groups themselves; and secondly and perhaps more importantly, to analyse the changing relationships between the health industry occupations and the State.
Workfare: Reading Women's Social Status?
Authors: Bedggood Janet
Published: April 2018

This paper looks at the proposal for a community wage for domestic purpose beneficiaries as an initiative that recasts the gendered nature of welfare allocation. It raises broader theoretical questions on the implications of workfare for women's social status which has traditionally been defined in terms of their unpaid domestic work. It concludes that the government's retreat from an imposed workfare regime on domestic purpose beneficiaries with young children amounts to a reaffirmation of the primacy of the domestic role for women by the state. The paper takes the line that this state reproduction of women's domestic role legitimates women’s inferiority.
Regulating the Irregular: Accident Compensation Law and Policy - A Case Study of 'Contact' Shearing Employers in the New Zealand Wool Industry
Authors: Angus Burney Jills
Published: April 2018

On-going developments continue to effect the provision of ACC for those in the rural workforce, particularly the levying of shearing contractors in the wool industry. Atypical high wage transaction costs for 'contract employers' problematise the non-wage cost of individual employers' liability levies. Modem relations of labour between shearing contractors and their workers are largely informal. The fluidity of workers entering and exiting the industry is one part of the fluidity, as it is for contractors entering and exiting the industry. This paper focuses on exposing these contradictions to collapse the assumption of a binary contractual relationship between shearing industry parties in the provision of 'workers' compensation' in woolshed relations.
Registered Interest: Industrial Reglations and the 'Neglect Deimension' of Registration in the Meat and Waterfront Industries
Authors: Curtis Bruce , Reveley James
Published: April 2018

Despite the centrality of registers to the arbitration system in New Zealand, very little work has been done on the role of registers in state-society relationships, and in the structuration of actors and interests in specific industries. This paper uses registers in examining the industrial relations processes and outcomes in two major industries - meat processing and the waterfront which historically have been central to NZ as a small state in a world market. Our paper focuses on what we call the 'neglected dimension' of registration – registration systems that operated outside the industrial relations (i.e. arbitration) system per se, but had considerable industrial relations consequences. Our argument is that in the meat and waterfront industries these registers were as important, if not more important, for industrial relations than the conventional arbitration system registers, surviving both changes in technology and the law. The focus will thus be on the 'unintended consequences' of the specific form of registration scheme that was institutionalised by the State in each industry. Further, in each case, the unintended consequences were central to attempts by state actors to reform the industries. Pressures to reform industrial relations practices in these industries were intertwined with the abolition .of the industry-specific registration schemes. As a result, reform of industrial relations hinged on developments other than the Employment Contracts Act 1991.
Mapping Social Exclusion: The Geography of Unemployment
Authors: Soldera Paul
Published: April 2018

This paper analyses the relationship between the spatial distribution of unemployment in an urban area and economic growth. According to the hysteresis argument inertias build up in recessions that are not dispelled during periods of growth. The most common manifestation is the continued growth of long-term unemployment. Long durations of unemployment reduce skill levels, confidence, contacts and the chances of regaining paid work. This paper examines the possibility that these duration effects are also tied to the spatial distribution of unemployment, generating a form of spatial hysteresis. According to this argument clusters of unemployment that grow during recessions fail to shrink during periods of growth. These spatial concentrations of unemployment create a range of negative externalities that inhibit individuals in their search for employment. Using a GIS applied to census data a clustering statistic was employed to analyse the changing spatial distribution of the unemployed in the Wellington metropolitan regions over the period 1986 to 1996. Statistically significant clusters that persisted over the decade strongly support the spatial hysteresis argument.
Statistics New Zealand's Data Laboratory
Authors: McDonald Sandra
Published: April 2018

Statistical microdata is an essential input to social science and economic research. Demand for microdata has been growing with increased emphasis on policy integration and targeting. As well, technological and methodological advances mean that researchers are increasingly able to undertake microdata analysis. With the introduction of the Data Laboratory, Statistics New Zealand's microdata is more accessible for significant research projects. This presentation will look at eligibility for using the Data Laboratory, the process that researchers will need to follow and some of the conditions that are imposed.
Research into Labour, Employment and Work in New Zealand: Overview of the Ninth Conference
Authors: Morrison Philip
Published: April 2018

Each new conference in this series produces research which advances the field, often in unexpected directions. The ninth conference focussed our attention on two rapidly growing areas of labour market research: the dynamics of the labour market and its geography. Our understanding of labour, employment and work was advanced in other directions as well including woman in the labour force, the role of community institutions in employment generation, tho potential impacts of aging on the labour market and, for the first time in the LEW series, the employment experience of Pacific Island peoples in New Zealand. The following overview offers a synopsis of the key arguments in each of the 35 papers.
Regional Labour Market Adjustment and the Movements of People: Directions for Future Work
Authors: Mare David C. , Choy Wai Kin
Published: April 2018

This paper summarises work that is under way in the Treasury 10 investigate the link between internal migration and regional labour market adjustment. We are currently working on a scoping document to assist in focusing our on-going work. This larger document will contain a review of relevant international and New Zealand literature, and will outline proposals for future research. The current paper outlines the motivation and scope of our enquiry, and discusses the three key questions that we plan to pursue. The first question examines whether migration helps or hinders regional labour market adjustment. The second question investigates how important migration is as a regional labour marker adjustment mechanism. The final question looks at who is moving and whether it matters for regional labour market adjustment.