bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The implementation and impact of a pilot hydrocele surgery camp for LF-endemic communities in Ethiopia
Authors: Beyene Andualem Deneke , Kebede Fikreab , Mammo Belete Mengistu , Negash Biruck Kebede , Mihret Addisalem , Abetew Solomon , Oucha Asfaw Kejella , Alene Shigute , Backers Sharone , Mante Sunny , Sifri Zeina , Brady Molly , McPherson Scott
Published: October 2021

Background

Ethiopia aims to eliminate lymphatic filariasis by 2020, through a dual approach of mass drug administration to interrupt transmission and morbidity control which includes making hydrocele surgery available in all endemic areas. Locating patients requiring surgery, providing high quality surgeries, and following up patients are all formidable challenges for many resource-challenged or difficult-to-reach communities. To date, hydrocele surgery in Ethiopia has only occurred when a patient has the knowledge, time and resources to travel to regional hospitals. Ethiopia tested the novel approach of using a surgical camp, defined as mobilizing, transporting, providing surgery at a static site, and following up of a large cohort of hydrocele patients within a hospital’s catchment area, to address delays in seeking and receiving care.

Methodology and results

Health extension workers mobilized 252 patients with scrotal swelling from a list of 385 suspected hydrocele cases from seven endemic districts in the region of Beneshangul-Gumuz. Clinical health workers and surgeons confirmed 119 as eligible for surgery. Of 70 additional patients who self-referred, 56 were eligible for surgery. Over a two-week period at a regional hospital, 175 hydrocele excision surgeries were conducted. After discharge three days after surgery, trained clinical health workers followed up with the patients on Day 5, Day 8, Day 14 and 1st-month benchmarks with a randomized follow-up of a selection of patients conducted at 9–12 months. There were no post-operative complications upon discharge at Day 3 and 22, while minor complications occurred (12.6%) between Day 3 and one month. The 9–12 month follow-up found patients self-reported an improvement in quality of life, health and economic status.

Conclusion

A hydrocele surgery camp was effective at providing a large number of quality surgeries in a short time. Using peripheral health workers to mobilize and follow up patients helped address delays in seeking and receiving quality care. Mainstreaming patient mobilization and follow-up into a community health system could be effective in other countries. The camp’s results also influenced two regions in Ethiopia to change their policies in order to offer free hydrocele surgery (including patient transport, consultation, surgery, diagnostic tests and necessary medications).
Cellular and biochemical response to chaperone versus substrate reduction therapies in neuropathic Gaucher disease
Authors: Ivanova Margarita M. , Dao Julia , Kasaci Neil , Adewale Benjamin , Nazari Shaista , Noll Lauren , Fikry Jacqueline , Sanati Armaghan Hafez , Goker-Alpan Ozlem
Published: October 2021

Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by deficiency of the lysosomal membrane enzyme glucocerebrosidase (GCase) and the subsequent accumulation of its substrate, glucosylceramide (GC). Mostly missense mutations of the glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) cause GCase misfolding and inhibition of proper lysosomal trafficking. The accumulated GC leads to lysosomal dysfunction and impairs the autophagy pathway. GD types 2 and 3 (GD2-3), or the neuronopathic forms, affect not only the Central Nervous System (CNS) but also have severe systemic involvement and progressive bone disease. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) successfully treats the hematologic manifestations; however, due to the lack of equal distribution of the recombinant enzyme in different organs, it has no direct impact on the nervous system and has minimal effect on bone involvement. Small molecules have the potential for better tissue distribution. Ambroxol (AMB) is a pharmacologic chaperone that partially recovers the mutated GCase activity and crosses the blood-brain barrier. Eliglustat (EGT) works by inhibiting UDP-glucosylceramide synthase, an enzyme that catalyzes GC biosynthesis, reducing GC influx load into the lysosome. Substrate reduction therapy (SRT) using EGT is associated with improvement in GD bone marrow burden score and bone mineral density parallel with the improvement in hematological parameters. We assessed the effects of EGT and AMB on GCase activity and autophagy-lysosomal pathway (ALP) in primary cell lines derived from patients with GD2-3 and compared to cell lines from healthy controls. We found that EGT, same as AMB, enhanced GCase activity in control cells and that an individualized response, that varied with GBA mutations, was observed in cells from patients with GD2-3. EGT and AMB enhanced the formation of lysosomal/late endosomal compartments and improved autophagy, independent of GBA mutations. Both AMB and EGT increased mitochondrial mass and density in GD2-3 fibroblasts, suggesting enhancement of mitochondrial function by activating the mitochondrial membrane potential. These results demonstrate that EGT and AMB, with different molecular mechanisms of action, enhance GCase activity and improve autophagy-lysosome dynamics and mitochondrial functions.
Adjusting the family’s life: A grounded theory of caring for children with special healthcare needs in rural areas, Thailand
Authors: Moonpanane Katemanee , Kodyee Salisa , Potjanamart Chomnard , Purkey Eva
Published: October 2021

This study aims to understand the experiences of families of children with special healthcare needs in rural areas in Thailand. Grounded theory (GT) was employed to understand families’ experiences when caring for children with special healthcare needs (CSHCN) in rural areas. Forty-three family members from thirty-four families with CSHCN participated in in-depth interviews. Interviews were recorded and transcribed. The constant comparative method was used for data analysis and coding analysis. Adjusting family’s life was the emergent theory which included experiencing negative effects, managing in home environment, integrating care into a community health system, and maintaining family normalization. This study describes the process that families undergo in trying to care for CSHCN while managing their lives to maintain a sense of normalcy. This theory provides some intervention opportunities for health care professionals when dealing with the complexities in their homes, communities and other ambulatory settings throughout the disease trajectory, and also indicates the importance of taking into consideration the family’s cultural background.
CFD study of the water production in mature heavy oil fields with horizontal wells
Authors: Pinilla Andrés , Asuaje Miguel , Pantoja Camila , Ramirez Luis , Gomez Jessica , Ratkovich Nicolás
Published: October 2021

Excessive water production in mature heavy oil fields causes incremental costs, energy consumption, and inefficiency. Understanding multiphase flows near the wellbore is an alternative to improve production efficiency. Therefore, this study conducts a series of numerical experiments based on the full set of the Navier-Stokes equations in 3D to simulate multiphase flows in porous media for heavy oil production horizontal wells. The solution given by this advanced mathematical formulation led to the description of the movement of the fluids near the wellbore with unprecedented detail. A sensitivity analysis was conducted on different rock and fluid properties such as permeability and oil viscosity, assuming homogeneous porous media. The influence of these parameters on the prediction of the breakthrough time, aquifer movement, and the severity of water production was noticed. Finally, the numerical model was verified against field data using two approaches. The first one was conducting a history match assuming homogeneous rock properties. In contrast, the second one used heterogeneous rock properties measured from well logging, achieving a lower deviation than field data, about 20%. The homogeneous numerical experiments showed that the breakthrough occurs at the heel with a subsequent crestation along the horizontal well. Moreover, at adverse mobility ratios, excessive water production tends to happen in water connings at the heel with an inflow area less than 1% of the total inflow area of the completion liner. Different aquifer movement dynamics were found for the heterogeneous case, like the breakthrough through multiple locations along the horizontal well. Finally, critical hydraulic data in the well, such as the pressure and velocity profiles, were obtained, which could be used to improve production efficiency. The numerical model presented in this study is proposed as an alternative to conducting subsurface modeling and well designs.
A bid for memorialization: Negotiating public memory
Authors: Kujur Rini Pratik , Majumdar Puja Sen
Published: October 2021

In March 2018, following the defeat of the Left Front by the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) led alliance in the Assembly elections in Tripura, India, one witnessed the demolition of Lenin’s statue in South Tripura amidst cries of, ‘Bharat Mata Ki Jai!’. The Tripura governor, as a response, tweeted – ‘[w]‌hat one democratically elected government can do another democratically elected government can undo, and vice versa’ (: n.pag.). In May 2019, newspaper reports stated that workers from the right-wing political organization, BJP had defaced a statue of Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar in Vidyasagar College, Kolkata, India. Of the many criticisms levelled against this incident, one in particular took a nativist and elitist tone and posited that the rally consisted of ‘outsiders’, i.e., people from the neighbouring states of Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Jharkhand. As these ‘outsiders’ were not cognizant of Vidyasagar’s contributions to the sociocultural and political fabric of West Bengal, it made them more prone to committing said acts of vandalism. To that end, this article will closely examine the contemporary debates concerning the vandalism and restoration of statues in South Asia, which brings up pertinent questions regarding state power and the narratives propagated in the daily lives of its citizens and the iconographic function of statues which allows for communities, both real and imagined to rally around it. As structures of cultural, religious and political significance rise to the fore with increasing frequency, debates on their utility, significance, allegiance and symbolism are burgeoning with multiple meanings. To that end, in an attempt to historicize said events it is imperative to unpack the categories of culture, religious and political representation and what goes into their production in order to better address the questions: ‘Who is represented?’ and ‘[w]ho gets to represent?’. This article will locate the discussion around how statues are related at once to the mundane, the local and the national and when they are vandalized, how are discourses around communities affected as a result within the contours of cultural and religio-political representation.
Risk factors associated with ticks and Rickettsia spp. exposure in wild boars (Sus scrofa), hunting dogs, and hunters of Brazil
Authors: Kmetiuk Louise Bach , Martins Thiago Fernandes , Bach Renato van Wilpe , Martins Camila Marinelli , de Barros-Filho Ivan Roque , Lipinski Leandro Cavalcante , Fávero Giovani Marino , dos Santos Andrea Pires , Biondo Alexander Welker
Published: October 2021

Background and Aim: Wild boars have recently been implicated as the maintainers and carriers of Amblyomma spp. ticks, which are essential for Rickettsia spp. transmission. Consequently, wild boar hunting may increase the risk of tick exposure and subsequent human tick-borne infection and disease. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the risk factors for ticks and Rickettsia spp. exposure in wild boars, hunting dogs, and hunters in Brazilian biomes.

Materials and Methods: The statistical relationship of Rickettsia spp. antibodies were evaluated using the Chi-square test in 80 wild boars, 170 hunting dogs, and 49 hunters.

Results: The only statistically significant difference in seropositivity found in this study was between male and female wild boars (p=0.034), probably associated with in-park exposure to Amblyomma brasiliense infected with Rickettsia spp.

Conclusion: The absence of statistical differences in the associated risk factors for hunting dogs and hunters may indicate a random exposure to Rickettsia spp.
Об одной нелокальной краевой задаче для нагруженного параболо-гиперболического уравнения с тремя линиями изменения типа
Authors: Исломов Бозор Исломович , Islomov Bozor Islomovich , Холбеков Журат Абдинабиевич , Xolbekov Jurat Abdunabievich
Published: October 2021

Приводится доказательство единственности и существования решения одной нелокальной задачи для нагруженного параболо-гиперболического уравнения с тремя линиями изменения типа. Единственность решения доказана с помощью представления общего решения, существование решения доказано методом интегральных уравнений. Установлены необходимые условия на параметры и заданные функции для однозначной разрешимости интегральных уравнений Вольтерра второго рода со сдвигом, эквивалентным исследуемой задаче.
Competencias para la formación inicial de los docentes en la enseñanza del emprendimiento
Authors: Ibáñez-Cubillas Pilar , Gijón Puerta José
Published: October 2021

El emprendimiento se considera un elemento clave a desarrollar por los ciudadanos del siglo XXI y de especial interés para la formación inicial de los docentes desde la perspectiva de la formación basada en competencias. El propósito de nuestra investigación ha sido establecer un modelo de emprendimiento como “competencia”, buscando sus elementos o competencias clave. Pretendemos que este modelo recoja la opinión de los expertos en formación inicial de los docentes, convocados a través de la Research and Development Community Enabling Teachers for Entrepreneurship Education (RDC ENTENP-ED[1]), dentro de la Association for Teacher Education in Europe (ATEE). Se seleccionaron 13 profesionales de la educación mediante un cuestionario para determinar su nivel de experto en el ámbito del emprendimiento. Se les propuso una colección de competencias del emprendimiento, creada por miembros del RDC ENTENP-ED a partir de un análisis de la literatura existente, y se les preguntó su opinión sobre los distintos ítems propuestos. Aplicando dos oleadas Delphi, se obtuvo un decálogo de competencias, que permiten desarrollar en su conjunto la competencia “emprendimiento”. Este decálogo podrá servir de base para la creación y difusión de materiales específicos para la formación inicial de docentes para la enseñanza del emprendimiento.
Study of Biodiversity of the Arak University Watershed
Authors: Ansari Amir
Published: October 2021

Biodiversity has declined in many areas because of human activities and loss of habitats. The Watershed of Arak University with a total area of 625.65 hectares is located on the southwestern slope of Mount Mudar, northwest, adjacent of Arak city and north of Karahrod. Biodiversity information of the area was collected with using linear transect and dotted transect methods by installing camera trap, camera and GPS. The results indicate that biodiversity history dates back more than 65 million years. Currently, lives 55 species of dominant rangeland species and 50 species of animal include: 34 species of birds, 10 species of mammals and 6 species of reptiles and amphibians in the area. Falcon and Fritillaria are the Endangered (EN) and Greek tortoise and persian toad agama are the Vulnerability (VU). The most important threats to biodiversity include are development of the city of Arak in the region, habitat destruction, uncontrolled hunting, livestock and dogs, road construction and the abandonment of habitats with surrounding habitats, feeding wildlife from urban waste, nature tourism and informal climbing.
High-rate laser processing with ultrashort laser pulses by combination of diffractive elements with synchronized galvo scanning
Authors: Gafner Markus , Remund Stefan M. , Chaja Michalina W. , Neuenschwander Beat
Published: October 2021

The combination of diffractive optical elements or spatial light modulators with fully synchronized galvo scanners offers a possibility to scale up machining processes with ultra-short pulses to several 100 W of average power with minimal thermal impact. This will be demonstrated with the high-rate applications multi-pulse drilling on the fly and material removal with special intensity distributions up to an average power of 162 W and a removal rate of 16.5 mm3/min. Based on the experimental results strategies to achieve drilling rates of several 10,000 holes/s or removal rates of multiple 10 mm3/min will be discussed.
Labor Analgesia reduces the risk of postpartum depression: A cohort study
Authors: Ren Li , Chen Qibin , Min Su , Peng Fangliang , Wang Bin , Yu Jian , Zhang Yuxi
Published: October 2021

Background

Postpartum depression (PPD) is a frequent mental disorder after delivery. In China, most parturients give birth with the assistance of labor analgesia (LA) or by cesarean section (CS); however, it is still unclear whether these two approaches reveal different effects on PPD.

Methods

One hundred and ninety-eight patients with single pregnancy at full term were allocated to receive either group LA or group CS. Maternal and neonatal variables in the perinatal period were recorded. Multivariate logistical regression analysis was conducted to evaluate the associated factors of PPD.

Results

The incidence of PPD in group LA was lower than in group CS. Besides, eight factors were found to be potential predictors of PPD. Multivariate logistic model showed that LA was a protective factor against PPD. However, high family income and Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) scores at 3 days postpartum were associated with an increased risk of PPD.

Conclusion

LA could reduce the incidence of PPD in women with single pregnancy at full term. Family income and EPDS scores in the early postpartum period were also related with PPD. Large sample size studies are needed to verify the impact of LA on the psychological states of postpartum women.
Pemanfaatan Youtube Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Bahasa Jepang di SMAN 10 Malang Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Hermawan Dhevi Amalia
Published: October 2021

SMAN 10 Malang began implementing learning from home activities since the issuance of a circular from the government regarding the implementation of education policies during the Covid-19 emergency. Japanese language learning which is one of the subjects at SMAN 10 Malang that is studied by students majoring in Language and Mathematics and Natural Sciences, is also carried out online. In meeting these challenges, Youtube media is used for Japanese language learning during home learning activities (BDR). This study aims to describe the use of Youtube in Japanese language class dan to determine how interest and student learning outcomes in Japanese language learning using Youtube media during BDR activities. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method with the process of collecting primary data through the results of student response questionnaires, as well as secondary data through the results of evaluation of student learning in Japanese language learning using Youtube media. The results of data analysis showed that students' interest in using Youtube media as a medium for learning Japanese language during BDR activities was in highest criteria. Moreover, the data has shown a satisfactory result in learning Japanese language through Youtube as a learning media.
The Usage of 'Otsukare' among Japanese Students
Authors: Santiar Lea , Dewangga Jascha
Published: October 2021

Greetings are one of the keys to strike a conversation. The relationship between the speakers could be measured through the greetings used. Therefore understanding greeting usage is necessary for maintaining an interpersonal relationship. Nevertheless, there seems to be a difference between greetings thought within Japanese textbooks and greetings in daily usage. Thus, this study will discuss the usage of ‘otsukare’ in Japan, especially amongst Japanese university students. The textbook "Minna no Nihongo" will be used to comprehend how aisatsu is taught to Japanese language learners. In this research, Japanese university students will answer a questioner regarding the usage of ‘otsukare’.  A questionnaire was designed based on sociolinguistics concepts to discover how Japanese university students use ‘otsukare’, such as when to whom, and in what manner. 40 university students of native Japanese participated and as the result, four points were discovered regarding the usage of ‘otsukare’ First, ‘otsukare’ is used to greet seniors, juniors, and friends. Second, native Japanese speakers prefer to use ‘otsukare’ on departing. Third, nevertheless, some people also use ‘otsukare’ to greet people as an opening greeting. Native Japanese speakers consider the usage of ‘otsukare’ in the morning as opening greetings is not against the rule of greetings. Finally, the gap between Japanese teaching abroad is that ‘otsukare’ is not proper to be used as an opening greeting.
DIFFERENTIATION OF ABSORPTION PROCESSES IN INHOMOGENEOUS INSULATION BY CURVE OF RECOVERING VOLTAGE OF POWER HIGH VOLTAGE CABLES
Authors:   National Technical University ", Bezprozvannych G.V. ,   Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute",   , st. Kirpicheva, 2, Kharkov, 61002, Ukraine, Kostukov I.O. ,   National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", st. Kirpicheva, 2, Kharkov, 61002, Ukraine, Moskvitin E.S. ,   National Technical University "Kharkiv Polytechnic Institute", st. Kirpicheva, 2, Kharkov, 61002, Ukraine
Published: October 2021

Based on the proposed model of spatially inhomogeneous two-layer insulation in the form of a series-parallel substitution scheme with three relaxation chains, the calculated recovery voltage curves of phase and belt paper-impregnated insulation of power cables are obtained. The model was verified by comparison with the experimental voltage curve of the power cable with paper-impregnated insulation at a voltage of 6 kV. The possibility of separation of delayed absorption processes in inhomogeneous insulation is substantiated on the basis of the analysis of high-frequency components of the spectrum of time dependences of the recovery voltage curves. The effectiveness of wavelet transform for detailing the absorption characteristics of inhomogeneous insulation of power cables is confirmed. The presence of two maxima and the dynamics of change of the ratio between them in the process of aging of inhomogeneous insulation on the reproducible curves of the regenerative voltage of power cables are established. Based on the relationship between the two amplitude values of the reproducible reduction voltage, the preferred absorption processes are determined and the appropriate criteria for assessing the state of inhomogeneous insulation of power cables are established. References 16, figure 5.
Occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis (Nematoda, Onchocercidae) in Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Suburbs of Kharkiv (Ukraine)
Authors: Liulin P. V. , Prykhodko Yu. O. , Mazannyі O. V. , Fedorova H. V. , Nikiforova O. V. , Kryvoruchenko D. O.
Published: October 2021

Dirofilariasis of animals and humans is a disease caused by nematodes of the genus Dirofilaria (Railliet et Henry, 1911). The role of wild predators, particularly the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) (Linnaeus, 1758) in the distribution of pathogen of the genus Dirofilaria in the world remains unclear. We studied the occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856) in a population of the red fox. Twenty-seven foxes were examined during the winter hunting season of 2019–2020 in Dergachi district, Kharkiv region of Ukraine. All 27 examined foxes were older than 1.5–2 years old, 5 of them (18.5 %) were 4–5 years old. Dirofilaria immitis was found in 22.2 % of foxes. The intensity of infection ranged from 2 to 4 specimens of nematodes per host. In four foxes (66.7 % of infected hosts), the same number of male and female nematodes was detected, while two foxes (33.3 %) had each 1 male and 2 females of D. immitis. The length of D. immitis males (7 specimens) was 13.96 ± 0.29 cm and the length of females (9 specimens) was 19.58 ± 0.55 cm. Prevalence of infection of foxes with D. immitis presumably depends on their habitat and the presence of mosquitos (vectors of the nematode) in these areas.
Submicroscopic Changes in the Hepatopancreas of Freshwater Mollusks Infected with Parthenites of Trematodes Echinoparyphium aconiatum (Echinostomida) and Plagiorchis elegans (Plagiorchiida)
Authors: Zhytova O. , Kot T. , Huralska S. , Andreieva O. , Moroz V.
Published: October 2021

The study contains the results of the electron microscopic research of the hepatopancreas of Lymnaea stagnalis (Linné, 1758) molluscs infected with Plagiorchis elegans (Rudolfi, 1802) Braun, 1902 and Echinoparyphium aconiatum Dietz, 1909 trematodes. With a high degree of invasion, fibrous connective tissue growth between lime and liver cells was observed. The number of vacuoles in the cell cytoplasm increased, and the structural organization of the plasma membrane was disrupted. Heterochromatin content decreases in the nucleus, karyorrhexis could occur. The cytoplasm contained single organelles and a large number of electron-dense granules, some cells were destroyed. At a high degree of invasion of L. stagnalis by partenites and cercariae of P. elegans, the nature of the destructive changes in hepatic and lime cells of the hepatopancreas had same orientation as in mollusks with parasitic trematode E. aconiatum. However, the severity of the destructive changes in the hepatopancreas acini of mollusks infected with trematode P. elegans was much smaller, as evidenced by the absence of complete destruction of hepatic and lime cells.
Historical inferences from traditions of origins of Tarok and some Chadic languages in Central Nigeria
Authors: Longtau Selbut
Published: October 2021

Contact between the Tarokoid languages of Sur, Yangkam, Pe, Vaghat Cluster, Tarok and some Chadic languages found in southeast Plateau State of central Nigeria and its implications for the sketching of a history for the area is the main thesis of this work. A brief outline of oral traditions of origin of the sub-groupings of Tarok language is presented and interpreted in the light of linguistic data to illustrate how the methodology works. The underlying principles of this paper are based on the theoretical premise that oral traditions can shed some light in the interpretation of linguistic data and vice versa. Lexical items found in secondary sources and an Ngas wordlist I took were examined for cognates between the Chadic languages and Tarok proper.
Préliminaires à une étude du saba, langue tchadique orientale du Tchad (région de Melfi)
Authors: Jungraithmayr Herrmann
Published: October 2021

L'article fournit les premières informations sur le saba, une langue minoritaire tchadique de l’Est, parlée par environ 1500 locuteurs dans le district de Melfi, région du Guéra, au Nord-Est de Melfi. L'accent principal est mis sur les structures grammaticales du verbe, qui sont basées sur un système aspectuel binaire, c'est-à-dire avec une opposition perfectif-imperfectif. Un pourcentage considérable de verbes sont «forts» dans la mesure où ils affichent des alternances vocaliques internes, par exemple le verbe signifiant «tuer»: perfectif: dèegè (passé), imperfectif: díggà (présent) et dàagà (futur). Selon les différents systèmes vocaliques, sept classes de verbes forts peuvent être distinguées. Phonologiquement, le Saba appartient plutôt au petit groupe de langues tchadiques ayant deux phonèmes vocaliques centralisés, c'est-à-dire ə et ʌ.
Operando bulk and interfacial characterization for electrochemical energy storage: Case study employing isothermal microcalorimetry and X-ray absorption spectroscopy
Authors: Li Wenzao , Vila Mallory N. , Housel Lisa M. , Sadique Nahian , Renderos Genesis D. , Ehrlich Steve , Bock David C. , Wang Lei , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Marschilok Amy C.
Published: October 2021

The global shift to electricity as the main energy carrier will require innovation in electrochemical energy storage (EES). EES systems are the key to the “electron energy economy,” minimizing losses and increasing reliability between energy supply and demand. However, steep challenges such as cost, cycle/calendar life, energy density, material availability, and safety limit widespread adoption of batteries for large-scale grid and vehicle applications. Battery innovation that meets today’s challenges will require new chemistries, which can originate from understanding charge transport phenomena at multiple time and length scales. The advancement of operando characterization can expedite this progress as changes can be observed during battery function. This article highlights progress in bulk and interfacial operando characterization of batteries. Specifically, a case study involving Fe3O4 is provided demonstrating that combining X-ray absorption spectroscopy and isothermal microcalorimetry can provide real-time characterization of productive faradaic redox processes and parasitic interfacial reactions during (de)lithiation.

Graphic abstract
Cognitive dissonance: its role in decision making
Authors: Borah Tulika , Gogoi Sampreety , Dutta Ankita
Published: October 2021

Cognitive dissonance theory proposes that when people hold two psychologically inconsistent cognitions (ideas, beliefs), dissonance arises. People generally consider the experience of tension to be both undesirable and unsustainable, thus, people seek to reduce tension when it occurs. In general, people attempt to avoid situations that may result in cognitive dissonance. According to festinger, when dissonance does occur, people attempt to reduce it in one of three ways: change one of the dissonant cognitions, add new cognitions that are consonant with what one already believes or decrease the perceived importance of the dissonant cognition. When making decisions humans commonly become victim of cognitive dissonance. Festinger (1957) found that cognitive dissonance can provide a serious hindrance to proper decision making, and reducing dissonance may significantly improve decision making skills.
The nurse’s professional identity on the Primary Health Care users perception
Authors: Ribeiro Denis Fernandes da Silva , Gaspar Diana Ruth Farias Araujo , Santos Lorena Prado , Silva Margarete Bernardo Tavares da
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to understanding the perception of Primary Health Care users about the professional identity of nurse. Methods: this is an exploratory, descriptive, cross-sectional and quantitative study, using the STROBE instrument. The sample included 94 users grouped according to the Family Health Strategy coverage. Results: the idealized identity of nurses dates back to the past of the profession. The subjects, in 81.9%, associate the female gender to the profession. 63.8% of them believed that the nurse is a subordinate, and from these, 90% believed they were subordinate to physicians. The analysis of the perception of the activities under responsibility of the nurse showed the predominance of assistance activities that are not exclusive to them. Conclusions: the findings indicate partial awareness about the identity and the role of nurses in Primary Health Care. The main deficits are related to the competences of this professional. The understanding of the role of the nurse was higher in the population under the coverage of the Family Health Strategy.
Interruption in the work of nursing professionals: conceptual analysis
Authors: Freitas Weslen Carlos Junior de , Menezes Aline Carrilho , Mata Luciana Regina Ferreira da , Lira Ana Luisa Brandão de Carvalho , Januário Letícia Helena , Ribeiro Helen Cristiny Teodoro Couto
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the concept of “interruption in the work of nursing professionals”. Methods: conceptual study according to the method proposed by Walker and Avant through integrative literature review. The study searched the databases using the descriptors: “Attention”, “Attention Bias”, “Health Personnel”, “Nurses”, “Patient Safety” and “Medical Malpractices”. The sample consisted of 36 studies. Results: the antecedents were alarms, answering phone calls, providing patient care, and lack of material/medicine. The defining attributes were pause, suspension, breakage, and intrusion. In relation to the consequences, the study highlighted the increase in frequency and severity of medication errors and change of focus. Final Considerations: theconceptual analysis identified the attributes, antecedents, and consequences and allowed to build an operational definition for “interruption in the work of nursing professionals”. It will contribute to the improvement of the work process and the creation of strategies that ensure safer care for the patient.
Reflexões sobre nomeações a cargos públicos no Brasil: a experiência de três secretarias entre 2011 e 2018
Authors: Albrecht Nayara F. Macedo de Medeiros
Published: October 2021

Resumo: O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os desafios e as potencialidades das pesquisas sobre politização da burocracia no Brasil. Para tanto, o artigo apresenta uma revisão integrativa da literatura, uma análise exploratória de dados e estudos aprofundados de três casos relativos à ocupação de cargos em órgãos ministeriais entre 2011 e 2018. O artigo destaca as lacunas da literatura no que tange ao papel de grupos de interesse no processo de nomeação a postos de alto escalão. Como poucos estudos tratam do lobby nas decisões relativas às nomeações, recorre-se à literatura especializada sobre política de pressão. Ademais, a análise de três secretarias nacionais de diferentes domínios de políticas públicas oferece aportes teóricos à classificação e à mensuração do conceito de politização. Espera-se, assim, trazer contribuições para a agenda de pesquisa sobre política e burocracia.
In vitro propagation and conservation of Cattleya tigrina A. Rich
Authors: Menezes-Sá Thays Saynara Alves , Costa Andréa Santos da , Arrigoni-Blank Maria de Fátima , Blank Arie Fitzgerald , Moura Giulia Milenna Santos , Soares Caroline Alves
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: Cattleya tigrina A. Rich has been suffering heavy losses in its natural habitat and it is now included in the list of plants that are vulnerable to extinction. The development of in vitro propagation and conservation methodologies, as well as acclimatization, are considered important for species at the risk of extinction, as they promote the multiplication and conservation of the species, hence avoiding the loss of their genetic variability. The present study established the protocol of micropropagation and the in vitro conservation of C. tigrina. For the in vitro propagation, the study tested two volumes of the MS medium and two medium consistencies (stationary liquid and semi-solid). For acclimatization, the substrate mixtures containing pine bark, charcoal, vermiculite, and coconut coir were analyzed. For the in vitro conservation, different concentrations of the salts were tested in the MS medium, together with the osmotic regulators (sucrose, mannitol, and sorbitol), and at two temperatures (18 and 25 °C). The results obtained inferred that the semi-solid medium was superior to the stationary liquid medium in the variables of survival and the presence of roots, while the liquid medium was superior to the semi-solid medium in the number of shoots. For acclimatization, pine bark was the substrate where the plants developed an improved height, with sprouting, and rooting. The conservation was satisfactory and the plants remained viable for a period of 730 days, with the MS medium with 25% of the salts, and at temperatures of 18 ºC or 25 ºC. The plants were propagated in the stationary liquid MS medium (10 mL) and the semi-solid medium (25 mL), while they were acclimatized in pine bark and preserved in the MS medium with 25% of the salts (18 ºC or 25 ºC).
Morphogenetic and structural traits of Ipyporã grass subjected to nitrogen fertilization rates under intermittent grazing
Authors: Camargo Francisco Carlos , Difante Gelson dos Santos , Montagner Denise Baptaglin , Euclides Valéria Pacheco Batista , Taira Carolina de Arruda Queiroz , Gurgel Antonio Leandro Chaves , Souza Daniele Lopes de
Published: October 2021

ABSTRACT: This study examined the effects of annual nitrogen (N) rates of 100 and 200 kg ha-1 on the morphogenetic and structural traits of Ipyporã grass (Brachiaria brizantha × Brachiaria ruziziensis) under intermittent grazing during the seasons of the year. The experiment was laid out in a randomized-block design with two treatments and three area replicates. Ipyporã grass pastures were grazed by beef cattle. Morphogenetic and structural traits of the forage canopy were evaluated using the marked-tiller technique. Forage accumulation and tiller density (TD) were also evaluated. Significant interaction effects (P < 0.05) between N rates and seasons were observed for the rest period, leaf lifespan (LLS), phyllochron, stem elongation rate (SER) and final leaf length (FLL). During winter, the rest period was shorter (40 vs. 50 days) in the pastures fertilized with 200 kg ha-1 N. Conversely, in winter, the pastures fertilized with 100 kg ha-1 N showed higher LLS, SER and phyllochron values, but lower FLL values. There was no isolated effect of N rates (P > 0.05) on forage accumulation rate; leaf appearance, elongation or senescence rates; leaf:stem ratio; or TD. However, the effect of seasons was significant for these variables, with the highest values occurring during spring and summer. The use of 200 kg ha-1 N in Ipyporã grass pastures reduces the seasonality of forage production.
Crime e policiamento durante a pandemia de COVID-19 no Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Authors: Monteiro Joana da Costa Martins , Carvalho Eduardo Fagundes de , Gomes Ramón Chaves
Published: October 2021

Resumo Este trabalho analisa os indicadores de Segurança Pública no Rio de Janeiro durante os primeiros meses da pandemia de COVID-19. Os resultados demonstram uma queda ampla nos índices de atividade criminal a partir de abril, em especial nos delitos contra o patrimônio, cujo nível de ocorrência foi particularmente incomum para o padrão anterior dos dados. Esse comportamento parece estar associado à retração no fluxo de pessoas em áreas do estado. Para os bairros em que se tem informação de deslocamento, é possível demonstrar que as reduções mais expressivas de roubos de rua ocorreram onde houve maior diminuição na circulação de pessoas. As atividades policiais registraram uma redução semelhante aos indicadores criminais, em particular as apreensões de drogas e as prisões. A exceção a esse cenário foi representada pelo número de mortes por intervenção de agentes do Estado: em abril, esse indicador observou um aumento superior à média dos últimos quatro anos; a partir de maio, entretanto, assumiu um movimento de queda, que se transformou em um desempenho extraordinariamente baixo em junho. A oscilação no uso da força pelas polícias reforça a dissonância entre a letalidade policial e as dinâmicas criminais no Rio de Janeiro, configurando-se como um contexto relevante para a compreensão da violência policial fluminense.
Social isolation relaxation and the effective reproduction number (Rt) of COVID-19 in twelve Brazilian cities
Authors: Castro Mônica Silva Monteiro de , Tavares Amarilis Busch , Martins Ana Luísa Jorge , Silva Gabriela Drummond Marques da , Miranda Wanessa Debôrtoli de , Santos Fausto Pereira dos , Paes-Sousa Rômulo
Published: October 2021

Abstract We analyzed the social isolation relaxation strategies adopted by the twelve biggest Brazilian cities in 2020, in relation to the number of cases, number of deaths and the effective reproduction number (Rt), which are internationally considered the fundamental epidemiological criteria for allowing wider population mobility in public spaces. The Brazilian central government has not set unique guidelines neither for closure nor for opening, and states and cities have taken the lead in strategy definition. Until July 31 2020, in Belém do Pará, Fortaleza, Manaus, Recife and Rio de Janeiro, where the epidemic peak had already been surpassed, and in Salvador and São Paulo, in which the peak seemed to be already reached, the Rt curve followed a decreasing path after the openings. Porto Alegre, a city in which the epidemic curve was flattened, had an increase in Rt after the start of relaxation. In Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Curitiba and Goiânia, where the curve was also flattened, the Rt remained stable after the opening. The decision on how to operationalize the relaxation of social isolation and the speed with which it happened was heterogeneous among the cities studied. Also, broad population testing strategies were not done in any of the cities.
Governança e capacidade estatal frente à COVID-19 na Alemanha e na Espanha: respostas nacionais e sistemas de saúde em perspectiva comparada
Authors: Pereira Adelyne Maria Mendes , Machado Cristiani Vieira , Veny Miquel Bennasar , Juan Aina Maria Yañez , Recio Sonia Navas
Published: October 2021

Resumo O objetivo foi analisar, em perspectiva comparada, estratégias e ações políticas adotadas em resposta à pandemia de COVID-19 na Alemanha e na Espanha em 2020. Baseando-se no institucionalismo histórico, o foco foi a institucionalidade da atuação governamental em cinco dimensões de atuação. Os resultados evidenciaram diferentes capacidades estatais na coordenação, implementação e efetividade de estratégias. Pontos fortes da gestão e governança da crise estão relacionados ao reconhecimento da sua gravidade e capacidade de negociação; capacidade de produção nacional de insumos e equipamentos; e amplo direcionamento de recursos fiscais e financeiros do governo central para as áreas sanitária, social e econômica. Esses aspectos variaram entre os casos, atuando como diferencial relevante na resposta governamental. Outros diferenciais foram: estrutura do sistema de saúde; disponibilidade de trabalhadores; e sistema nacional de ciência e tecnologia, destacando a importância de investimentos de médio e longo prazo.
Inadequação de macro e micronutrientes oferecidos em duas escolas de tempo integral públicas no Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Araújo Neide Sheyla de Melo , Antunes Maria de Fátima Rebouças , Rolim Karla Maria Carneiro , Verde Sara Maria Moreira Lima , Araújo Shirley Christina Melo , Silva Carlos Antônio Bruno da
Published: October 2021

Resumo O Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar garante por meio da transferência de recursos financeiros a alimentação de alunos em escolas públicas e filantrópicas. Na adolescência, a boa nutrição é influenciada pelas taxas de crescimento físico e de alterações na composição corporal, sendo um período importante de vulnerabilidade nutricional. Objetivou-se analisar a adequação de macro e micronutrientes oferecidos aos adolescentes de escolas públicas de tempo integral no Nordeste do Brasil. Os cardápios foram avaliados utilizando os parâmetros para o atendimento de 70% das necessidades nutricionais diárias de macronutrientes e micronutrientes dos alunos beneficiários. Nota-se que, na maioria das faixas etárias, não houve o atendimento das necessidades energéticas, atingindo o percentual máximo de adequação de 86,2%. Houve adequação de proteínas em quatro dias apenas. O valor médio de carboidratos e lipídios estiveram abaixo do recomendado para todos os grupos etários. Os teores de Vitamina C, zinco e cálcio estiveram abaixo na maioria das preparações oferecidas. A quantidade de ferro foi alcançada em todas as faixas etárias. Conclui-se que deve haver um melhor planejamento na elaboração dos cardápios para tentar alcançar as necessidades previstas pelo Programa.
O papel do Sistema Único de Saúde no combate à sindemia global e no desenvolvimento de sistemas alimentares sustentáveis
Authors: Machado Alisson Diego , Bertolini Ana Maria , Brito Letícia da Silva , Amorim Mirelly dos Santos , Gonçalves Mônica Rocha , Santiago Raquel de Andrade Cardoso , Marchioni Dirce Maria , Carvalho Aline Martins de
Published: October 2021

Resumo As pandemias de desnutrição e obesidade, em conjunto com as mudanças climáticas, constituem uma sindemia global e apresentam um importante ponto de convergência, que é a insustentabilidade dos sistemas alimentares atuais. O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o papel de políticas públicas de saúde, particularmente do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) no âmbito da Atenção Primária à Saúde, no combate à sindemia global e no desenvolvimento de sistemas alimentares sustentáveis. Nesse contexto, a Política Nacional de Alimentação e Nutrição se destaca como uma importante ferramenta intersetorial para a alimentação adequada e saudável e à segurança alimentar e nutricional. Além disso, o Guia Alimentar se apresenta como um instrumento estratégico de apoio às ações de educação alimentar e nutricional. De modo essencial, destaca-se a necessidade de articulação das políticas de saúde, agricultura e meio ambiente para que o desenvolvimento sustentável possa ser efetivado. Assim, o SUS tem capacidade de ser palco das principais discussões sobre essa temática, atuando como um potencializador de ações individuais, coletivas e institucionais para promover um sistema alimentar mais justo, saudável e sustentável.
Amamentação e utilização de medicamentos: qual a orientação presente nas bulas de anticoncepcionais e anti-infecciosos?
Authors: Pizzol Tatiane da Silva Dal , Pinto Alessandra Nunes , Silveira Marysabel Pinto Telis , Caetano Maria Carolina de Campos , Giugliani Camila
Published: October 2021

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a concordância entre bulas e fontes bibliográficas baseadas em evidências científicas quanto à presença de contraindicação do uso de anticoncepcionais e anti-infecciosos durante a amamentação. Foram selecionados medicamentos anticoncepcionais e anti-infecciosos, segundo a ATC, com registro na ANVISA e presentes nas fontes bibliográficas: Manual Amamentação e Uso de Medicamentos e Outras Substâncias, Medications and Mother’s Milk, LactMed®, Micromedex® e UpToDate®. As informações foram extraídas das seções “Contraindicações” e “Advertências e precauções” das bulas e comparadas com as informações das fontes. Foi avaliada a presença de informação contraindicando o uso do medicamento durante a amamentação. Em cinco (55,5%) dos nove anticoncepcionais foi verificada contraindicação na bula. Entre as fontes bibliográficas, o percentual variou de 0% a 55,5%, dependendo da fonte. Para os anti-infecciosos, o percentual de contraindicação foi de 46,3% na bula, variando de 0% a 12,9% nas fontes. Existe concordância entre as bulas e as fontes bibliográficas com relação aos anticoncepcionais; no caso dos anti-infecciosos, as bulas apresentam contraindicação para o uso durante a amamentação com mais frequência.