bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ileal perforation associated with dengue in the paediatric age group: an uncommon presentation
Authors: Kumar Piyush , Gupta Archika , Pandey Anand , Kureel Shiv Narain
Published: August 2016

Acute abdomen in dengue, a common arboviral disease found in tropical and subtropical countries, is not uncommon and can occasionally present as acute surgical emergency requiring urgent surgical intervention. The spectrum of acute abdomen presenting as surgical emergency in dengue infection that raises suspicion of an abdominal catastrophe includes acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, appendicitis and, rarely, intestinal perforation. All cases of intestinal perforation including appendicular, gastric and jejunal perforation have been reported in adult patients during the course of dengue infection. However, intestinal perforation during the course of dengue infection in the paediatric age group has never been reported. We report two cases of ileal perforation in children occurring during the course of dengue infection.
Uptake of childhood influenza vaccine from 2012–2013 to 2014–2015 in the UK and the implications for high-risk children: a retrospective observational cohort study
Authors: Rajaram Sankarasubramanian , Steffey Amy , Blak Betina , Hickman Matthew , Christensen Hannah , Caspard Herve
Published: August 2016

Objectives

To evaluate changes in influenza vaccination rates in healthy and at-risk children following the implementation of the UK's childhood influenza immunisation programme.

Design

Observational cohort study before and after initiation of the UK's childhood influenza immunisation programme over three influenza seasons (2012–2013, 2013–2014 and 2014–2015) using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD).

Setting

More than 500 primary care practices in the UK.

Population

All individuals aged 2–17 years on 1 September, with at least 12 months of medical history documented in CPRD were retained in the analysis.

Intervention

Starting in 2013–2014, all children aged 2 and 3 years were offered influenza vaccination through general practice, and primary school-aged children were offered influenza vaccination in selected counties in England (described as pilot regions). The vaccination programme was extended to all children aged 4 years in England in 2014–2015.

Main outcome measure

Cumulative vaccination rate from 1 September to 28 February of the next calendar year as assessed by a time-to-event statistical model (vaccination uptake). Age group, sex, region and type of high-risk medical condition were assessed as predictors.

Results

Vaccination uptake increased considerably from 2012–2013 to 2013–2014 in targeted children aged 2–3 years, both in children with a high-risk medical condition (from 40.7% to 61.1%) and those without (from 1.0% to 43.0%). Vaccination rates increased also, though less markedly, in older children. In 2014–2015, vaccination rates remained higher than 40% in healthy children aged 2–3 years, although they decreased slightly from 2013–2014 (from 43.0% to 41.8%). Vaccination rates in older healthy children continued to increase, driven primarily by an increase in children aged 4 years to 31.3% in 2014–2015.

Conclusions

The introduction of a universal childhood vaccination policy in the UK increased vaccination rates for targeted children, including those with high-risk conditions.
Direct access to potential research participants for a cohort study using a confidentiality waiver included in UK National Health Service legal statutes
Authors: Taylor Rachel M , Fern Lorna A , Aslam Natasha , Whelan Jeremy S
Published: August 2016

Objectives

To describe our experience of using a confidentiality waiver (Section 251) in the National Health Service (NHS) Act to identify and recruit potential research participants to a cohort study and consider its use in a wider research context.

Design

Methodological discussion.

Setting

NHS Trusts in England.

Methods

We established a research recruitment process with quality health (QH), administrators of the National Cancer Patient Experience Survey, after an amendment to a Section 251 approval (reference number ECC-8-05d-2011). NHS Trusts agreeing to implement the process were requested to send the details of 16–24-year-olds, identified by a relevant ICD-10 code indicating a cancer diagnosis within a specified time period to QH. QH sent study information and a consent-to-be-contacted form which allowed QH to send details to BRIGHTLIGHT, for BRIGHTLIGHT to contact the treating team confirming eligibility and for an interviewer from Ipsos MORI to contact them. Written consent was to be obtained at interview.

Results

The method was implemented in 98 trusts; 75 supplied patient details. QH sent information to 441 young people, of whom 64 (15%) responded. Of these, 23 had already consented to participate. Adverse events were reported by 6 (1%) invitees: 4 were distressed because they did not have cancer, their details being submitted to QH due to incorrect hospital coding, and 1 young person was distressed about their diagnosis and requested no further contact and 1 young person found out they had cancer from the invitation.

Conclusions

Application of Section 251 of the NHS Act (2006) to directly approach participants can facilitate recruitment to research projects where routinely collected NHS data are available to select eligible patients. The benefits of this method are that it requires fewer resources to recruit across multiple sites, and is quicker. Further information on the impact on bias and adverse event profile are required.
Echo-Doppler determinants of outcomes in patients with unoperated significant mitral regurgitation in current era
Authors: Rafique Asim M , Zarrini Parham , Singh Nirmal , Beigel Roy , Tadwalkar Rigved , Chonde Meshe , Slipczuk Leandro , Cercek Bojan , Kar Saibal , Siegel Robert J
Published: August 2016

Objective

One-half of patients with severe symptomatic mitral regurgitation (MR) do not undergo surgery due to comorbidities. We evaluated prognosticators of outcomes in patients with unoperated significant MR.

Methods

In this observational study, we retrospectively evaluated medical records of 75 consecutive patients with unoperated significant MR.

Results

All-cause mortality was 39% at 5 years. Non-survivors (n=29) versus survivors (n=46) were: older (77±9.8 vs 68±14, p=0.006), had higher New York Heart Association (NYHA) class (2.7±0.8 vs 2.3±0.8, p=0.037), higher brain natriuretic peptide (1157±717 vs 427±502 pg/mL, p=0.024, n=18), more coronary artery disease (61% vs 35%, p=0.031), more frequent left ventricular ejection fraction <50% (20.7% vs 4.3%, p=0.026), more functional MR (41% vs 22%, p=0.069), higher mitral E/E′(12.7±4.6 vs 9.8±4, p=0.008), higher pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP; 52.6±18.7 vs 36.7±14, p <0.001), more ≥3+ tricuspid regurgitation (28% vs 4%, p=0.005) and more right ventricular dysfunction (26% vs 6%, p=0.035). Significant predictors of 5-year mortality were PASP (p=0.001) and E/E′(p=0.011) using multivariate regression analysis.

Conclusions

Patients with unoperated significant MR have high mortality. Elevated PASP and mitral E/E′were the most significant predictors of 5-year survival in patients with unoperated significant MR. Current American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines provide a limited incorporation of echo-Doppler parameters in the preoperative risk stratification of patients with severe MR.
Multi-scale symbolic time reverse analysis of gas–liquid two-phase flow structures
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Zhai Lusheng , Jin Ningde , Wang Youchen
Published: August 2016

Gas–liquid two-phase flows are widely encountered in production processes of petroleum and chemical industry. Understanding the dynamic characteristics of multi-scale gas–liquid two-phase flow structures is of great significance for the optimization of production process and the measurement of flow parameters. In this paper, we propose a method of multi-scale symbolic time reverse (MSTR) analysis for gas–liquid two-phase flows. First, through extracting four time reverse asymmetry measures (TRAMs), i.e. Euclidean distance, difference entropy, percentage of constant words and percentage of reversible words, the time reverse asymmetry (TRA) behaviors of typical nonlinear systems are investigated from the perspective of multi-scale analysis, and the results show that the TRAMs are sensitive to the changing of dynamic characteristics underlying the complex nonlinear systems. Then, the MSTR analysis is used to study the conductance signals from gas–liquid two-phase flows. It is found that the multi-scale TRA analysis can effectively reveal the multi-scale structure characteristics and nonlinear evolution properties of the flow structures.
Analysis of cantilever NEMS in centrifugal-fluidic systems
Authors: Mohsen-Nia Mohsen , Abadian Fateme , Abadian Naeime , Dehkordi Keivan Mosaiebi , Keivani Maryam , Abadyan Mohamadreza
Published: August 2016

Electromechanical nanocantilevers are promising for using as sensors/detectors in centrifugal-fluidic systems. For this application, the presence of angular speed and electrolyte environment should be considered in the theoretical analysis. Herein, the pull-in instability of the nanocantilever incorporating the effects of angular velocity and liquid media is investigated using a size-dependent continuum theory. Using d’Alembert principle, the angular speed is transformed into an equivalent centrifugal force. The electrochemical and dispersion forces are incorporated considering the corrections due to the presence of electrolyte media. Two different approaches, i.e., the Rayleigh–Ritz method (RRM) and proposing a lumped parameter model (LPM), were applied to analyze the system. The models are validated with the results presented in literature. Impacts of the angular velocity, electrolyte media, dispersion forces, and size effect on the instability characteristics of the nanocantilever are discussed.
Enhancing the sensitivity of mesoscopic light reflection statistics in weakly disordered media by interface reflections
Authors: Park Daniel J. , Pradhan Prabhakar , Backman Vadim
Published: August 2016

Reflection statistics have not been well studied for optical random media whose mean refractive indices do not match with the refractive indices of their surrounding media. Here, we theoretically study how this refractive index mismatch between a one-dimensional (1D) optical sample and its surrounding medium affects the reflection statistics in the weak disorder limit, when the fluctuation part of the refractive index [Formula: see text] is much smaller than the mismatch as well as the mean refractive index of the sample [Formula: see text]. In the theoretical derivation, we perform a detailed calculation that results in the analytical forms of the mean and standard deviation (STD) of the reflection coefficient in terms of disorder parameters [Formula: see text] and its correlation length [Formula: see text] in an index mismatched backscattering system. Particularly, the orders of disorder parameters in STD of the reflection coefficient for index mismatched systems are shown to be lower [Formula: see text] than that of the matched systems [Formula: see text]. By comparing STDs of the reflection coefficient values of index matched and mismatched systems, we show that reflection coefficient at the sample boundaries in index mismatched systems can enhance the signal of the STD to the “disorder parameters” of the reflection coefficient. In terms of biophotonics applications, this result can lead to potential techniques that effectively extract the sample disorder parameters by manipulating the index mismatched conditions. Potential applications of the technique for enhancement in sensitivity of cancer detection at the single cell level are also discussed.
A New Medical Image Edge Detection Algorithm Based on BC-ACO
Authors: Zhang Jingyu , Teng Jianfu , Bai Yu
Published: August 2016

Taking the improved ant colony algorithm based on bacterial chemotaxis as a means, this paper proposes one new swarm intelligence optimization algorithm to solve the medical image edge detection problem. The improved ant colony algorithm based on bacterial chemotaxis mainly aims at the shortcoming that the basic ant colony algorithm lacks initial pheromone, and combines bacterial chemotaxis algorithm with basic ant colony algorithm. Firstly, feasible better solution can be found through bacterial chemotaxis algorithm and fed back as initial pheromone. Then ant colony algorithm is implemented to search for the global optimal solution. The algorithm test indicates that the improved ant colony algorithm is more effective in the aspects of searching precision, reliability, optimization speed and stability compared with basic ant colony algorithm. Finally, the improved ant colony algorithm is applied into the edge detection of medical image. It can be seen from the computer simulation that compared with other operators and basic ant colony algorithm on the issue of solving medical image edge detection, the improved ant colony algorithm has superiority and the detected edge is clearer.
MAXIMUM SECONDARY ELECTRON YIELDS FROM SEMICONDUCTORS AND INSULATORS
Authors: XIE A. G. , LIU Z. H. , XIA Y. Q. , ZHU M. M.
Published: August 2016

Based on the processes and characteristics of secondary electron emission and the formula for the yield due to primary electrons hitting on semiconductors and insulators, the universal formula for maximum yield [Formula: see text] due to primary electrons hitting on semiconductors and insulators was deduced, where [Formula: see text] is the maximum ratio of the number of secondary electrons produced by primary electrons to the number of primary electrons. On the basis of the formulae for primary range in different energy ranges of [Formula: see text], characteristics of secondary electron emission and the deduced universal formula for [Formula: see text], the formulae for [Formula: see text] in different energy ranges of [Formula: see text] were deduced, where [Formula: see text] is the primary incident energy at which secondary electron yields from semiconductors and insulators, [Formula: see text], are maximized to maximum secondary electron yields from semiconductors and insulators, [Formula: see text]; and [Formula: see text] is the maximum ratio of the number of total secondary electrons produced by primary electrons and backscattered electrons to the number of primary electrons. According to the deduced formulae for [Formula: see text], the relationship among [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and high-energy back-scattering coefficient [Formula: see text], the formulae for parameters of [Formula: see text] and the experimental data as well as the formulae for [Formula: see text] in different energy ranges of [Formula: see text] as a function of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were deduced, where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the original electron affinity and the width of forbidden band, respectively. The scattering of [Formula: see text] was analyzed, and calculated [Formula: see text] values were compared with the values measured experimentally. It was concluded that the deduced formulae for [Formula: see text] were found to be universal for [Formula: see text].
Time as Technique
Authors: Bear Laura
Published: August 2016

A rapprochement between the anthropology of history and the anthropology of capitalism has created a temporal turn. This temporal turn has generated new theoretical insights into the times of capitalist modernity and vectors of inequality. Yet research has so far been divided into three separate streams of inquiry. Work addresses the techne (techniques), episteme (knowledge), or phronesis (ethics) of time, following traditions in the social sciences derived from Aristotelian categories. This review explores the potential and limits of such distinctions. It also traces contemporary dominant representations and experiences of time such as short-term market cycles, the anticipatory futures of the security state, and precarity. It follows how time-maps are assembled into technologies of imagination with associated material practices. In conclusion, it proposes a new theoretical vista on time for anthropology based on the heuristic of timescapes. From this perspective, the dynamic interrelationships among techniques, knowledge, and ethics of time can be traced and the inequalities generated by conflicts in time become visible.
The Eccentric Kozai-Lidov Effect and Its Applications
Authors: Naoz Smadar
Published: August 2016

The hierarchical triple-body approximation has useful applications to a variety of systems from planetary and stellar scales to supermassive black holes. In this approximation, the energy of each orbit is separately conserved, and therefore the two semimajor axes are constants. On timescales much larger than the orbital periods, the orbits exchange angular momentum, which leads to eccentricity and orientation (i.e., inclination) oscillations. The orbits' eccentricity can reach extreme values, leading to a nearly radial motion, which can further evolve into short orbit periods and merging binaries. Furthermore, the orbits' mutual inclinations may change dramatically from pure prograde to pure retrograde, leading to misalignment and a wide range of inclinations. This dynamical behavior is coined the “eccentric Kozai-Lidov mechanism.” The behavior of such a system is exciting, rich, and chaotic in nature. Furthermore, these dynamics are accessible from a large part of the triple-body parameter space and can be applied to a diverse range of astrophysical settings and used to gain insights into many puzzles.
The Evolution of the Intergalactic Medium
Authors: McQuinn Matthew
Published: August 2016

The bulk of cosmic matter resides in a dilute reservoir that fills the space between galaxies, the intergalactic medium (IGM). The history of this reservoir is intimately tied to the cosmic histories of structure formation, star formation, and supermassive black hole accretion. Our models for the IGM at intermediate redshifts (2≲z≲5) are a tremendous success, quantitatively explaining the statistics of Lyα absorption of intergalactic hydrogen. However, at both lower and higher redshifts (and around galaxies) much is still unknown about the IGM. We review the theoretical models and measurements that form the basis for the modern understanding of the IGM, and we discuss unsolved puzzles (ranging from the largely unconstrained process of reionization at high z to the missing baryon problem at low z), highlighting the efforts that have the potential to solve them.
Values, Norms, and Intrinsic Motivation to Act Proenvironmentally
Authors: Steg Linda
Published: August 2016

Environmental problems can be reduced if people more consistently engage in proenvironmental actions. In this article, I discuss factors that motivate or inhibit individuals to act proenvironmentally. Many people are intrinsically motivated to engage in proenvironmental actions, because protecting the environment makes them feel good about themselves. People are more likely to be intrinsically motivated to act proenvironmentally over and again when they strongly endorse biospheric values. However, people may be less likely to act on their biospheric values when these values are not supported by the context, or when competing values are activated by factors in a choice context. Next, I discuss strategies to encourage proenvironmental actions by strengthening biospheric values, or by empowering and motivating people to act on their biospheric values. Moreover, I discuss factors influencing the acceptability of environmental policies that aim to encourage proenvironmental behavior.
GRETINA and Its Early Science
Authors: Fallon Paul , Gade Alexandra , Lee I-Yang
Published: August 2016

γ-Ray spectroscopy continues to be an important tool for the study of nuclei. Excitation energies can be measured directly and in model-independent ways, and thus are among the key observables that can guide our understanding of atomic nuclei. With the availability of short-lived rare-isotope beams, the development of position sensitivity of γ-ray detection systems has been crucial in combating the Doppler broadening encountered for the energies of γ-rays emitted in flight, which are necessary to obtain good energy resolution while maintaining high efficiency. The advanced γ-ray tracking array GRETINA began its science mission at the National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory (NSCL), where rare-isotope beams are produced at velocities exceeding 30% of the speed of light. With selected examples from nuclear structure physics and nuclear astrophysics, we show the breadth and reach of the science program afforded by GRETINA and provide an outlook for what can be accomplished with the full 4π array GRETA at the Facility for Rare Isotope Beams (FRIB).
Predicting Long-Term Food Demand, Cropland Use, and Prices
Authors: Hertel Thomas W. , Baldos Uris Lantz C. , van der Mensbrugghe Dominique
Published: August 2016

This review seeks to survey, understand, and reconcile the widely divergent estimates of long-run global crop output, land use, and price projections in the current literature. We review the history of such projections and the different models and assumptions used in these exercises. We then introduce an analytical partial equilibrium model of the global crops sector, which provides a lens through which we can evaluate this previous work. The resulting decomposition of model responses into demand, extensive supply, and intensive supply elasticities offers important insights into the diversity of model parameterizations being employed by the existing models. Along with the methodology for implementing productivity growth, this helps explain some of the divergences in results. We employ a numerical version of the analytical model, which serves as an emulator of this entire class of models, to explore how uncertainties in the common underlying drivers and economic responses contribute to uncertain projections of output, prices, and land use in 2050. We place each of the published estimates reviewed here into the resulting empirical distribution of outcomes at mid-century. In addition, we quantify the sensitivity of these projections to model inputs. Our findings suggest that the top priority for future research should be improved estimation of agricultural factor supply elasticities, a topic that has been largely neglected in recent decades.
Clinical Behavior of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma in Young Patients: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Sen Volkan , Bozkurt Ozan , Demir Omer , Esen Ahmet Adil , Mungan Ugur , Aslan Guven , Kefi Aykut , Celebi Ilhan
Published: August 2016

Background. There is not enough evidence about clinical behavior of bladder cancer in younger patients.Objective. We aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of bladder urothelial carcinoma patients under the age of 40 years.Methods. Medical records of patients listed in our cancer database were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 40 patients who were initially diagnosed with bladder urothelial carcinoma at the age less than 40 years were included in the study. Patients’ records were reviewed for recurrence and progression rates, demographic data, medical history, and treatment modalities.Results. Pathological results revealed 33 (82.5%) Ta low-grade, 6 (15%) T1 high-grade, and 1 (2.5%) T2 high-grade urothelial carcinomas. Recurrence was detected in 14/39 (35.9%) patients but progression was not observed in any patients. The mean age of recurrent patients was significantly higher than nonrecurrent patients (34.8 versus 28.5 years;p<0.05). Besides, recurrence was detected in only 1 patient with the age under 30 years (6.2%) and 13 patients (54.1%) between 30 and 40 years old, respectively (p<0.05).Conclusion. Bladder urothelial carcinoma diagnosed at young age tends to be a low pathologic stage, with relatively low rate of recurrence and progression.
The Adrenal Gland Volume Measurements in Manifestation of the Metabolic Status in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Serifoglu Ismail , Oz Ibrahim Ilker , Bilici Muammer
Published: August 2016

Objectives. The aim of our study was to investigate the differences in adrenal gland volume between nondiabetic controls and Type-2 diabetic patients and to examine the influence of glycemic control in diabetes mellitus on adrenal gland volume.Methods. From March 2 to November 25, 2015, 62 consecutive patients with Type-2 DM along with 62 nondiabetics matched by age, gender, and BMI were enrolled in this prospective study. Our diabetes patients were categorized into two groups, well-controlled and poorly controlled diabetes groups. Adrenal volumetric measurements were performed by two radiologists, prospectively and independently, with semiautomatic software. Interobserver reliability was studied using the interobserver correlation coefficient (ICC).Results. The total adrenal volume (TAV) was significantly higher in Type-2 diabetic patients when compared with nondiabetic patients (p<0.05). When we investigated diabetic patients according to glycemic controls, the TAVs in controlled diabetic patients were significantly higher than in those of the poorly controlled or uncontrolled diabetic patients (p<0.05). Nondiabetic control patients have significantly smaller TAVs when compared to controlled and poorly or noncontrolled diabetic patients (p<0.05).Conclusion. Our study suggests that adrenal gland volume measurement may be used as an indirect marker of glycemic control in patients with diabetes.
RANK Signaling Blockade Reduces Breast Cancer Recurrence by Inducing Tumor Cell Differentiation
Authors: Yoldi Guillermo , Pellegrini Pasquale , Trinidad Eva M. , Cordero Alex , Gomez-Miragaya Jorge , Serra-Musach Jordi , Dougall William C. , Muñoz Purificación , Pujana Miguel-Angel , Planelles Lourdes , González-Suárez Eva
Published: August 2016

RANK expression is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer even though its therapeutic potential remains unknown. RANKL and its receptor RANK are downstream effectors of the progesterone signaling pathway. However, RANK expression is enriched in hormone receptor negative adenocarcinomas, suggesting additional roles for RANK signaling beyond its hormone-dependent function. Here, to explore the role of RANK signaling once tumors have developed, we use the mouse mammary tumor virus-Polyoma Middle T (MMTV-PyMT), which mimics RANK and RANKL expression patterns seen in human breast adenocarcinomas. Complementary genetic and pharmacologic approaches demonstrate that therapeutic inhibition of RANK signaling drastically reduces the cancer stem cell pool, decreases tumor and metastasis initiation, and enhances sensitivity to chemotherapy. Mechanistically, genome-wide expression analyses show that anti-RANKL therapy promotes lactogenic differentiation of tumor cells. Moreover, RANK signaling in tumor cells negatively regulates the expression of Ap2 transcription factors, and enhances the Wnt agonist Rspo1 and the Sca1-population, enriched in tumor-initiating cells. In addition, we found that expression of TFAP2B and the RANK inhibitor, OPG, in human breast cancer correlate and are associated with relapse-free tumors. These results support the use of RANKL inhibitors to reduce recurrence and metastasis in breast cancer patients based on its ability to induce tumor cell differentiation. Cancer Res; 76(19); 5857–69. ©2016 AACR.
Checkpoint Immunotherapy: Picking a Winner
Authors: Teng Michele W.L. , Khanna Rajiv , Smyth Mark J.
Published: August 2016

Summary: Robust biomarkers of response that predict which patients will or will not respond to immune checkpoint blockade need to be identified. New data suggest that the presence of an adaptive immune signature in the tumor biopsies of patients with melanoma early on therapy compared to pretreatment can identify responders from nonresponders. Cancer Discov; 6(8); 818–20. ©2016 AACR.

See related article by Chen et al., p. 827.
Life-Threatening Hemolytic Anemia after Intrapleural Instillation of OK-432 for Treatment of Congenital Chylothorax
Authors: Sze Steve W.P. , Ng Pak C. , Lam Hugh S.
Published: August 2016

Recent reports have advocated treatment of congenital chylothorax with chemical pleurodesis via intrapleural administration of OK-432. Severe complications have not been reported, but recently we have encountered a life-threatening case of massive hemolysis after the procedure. The hemoglobin of the infant decreased from 8.7 to 3.1 g/dl within 48 h, with concomitant severe hyperbilirubinemia (472 μmol/l) requiring exchange transfusion. Frontline neonatologists should be aware of this rare but potentially life-threatening adverse reaction. In addition, it is possible that a longer indwelling time (3.5 vs. 0.5 h) for OK-432 pleurodesis may alter the therapeutic response.
Somatic cell counts as an indicator of mammary infection in periparturient cows
Authors: Reis Juliana França dos , Leite Renata Freitas , Silva Cynthia Pereira da Costa e , Baccili Camila Costa , Melville Priscilla Anne , Benites Nilson Roberti , Gomes Viviani
Published: August 2016

A contagem de células somáticas (CCS) é um teste de triagem para avaliação de infecção intramamária, porém, as alterações na composição do colostro observadas durante a colostrogênese podem promover o aumento fisiológico da CCS e inviabilizar o uso desta prova para diagnóstico da mastite. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a CCS do colostro como parâmetro indicativo de infecção mamária em vacas Holandesas periparturientes. Para tanto, foram colhidas 80 amostras de colostro de primeira ordenha, provenientes de 20 vacas, para a CCS manual e exame bacteriológico (EB). Observou-se crescimento bacteriano em 36,62% dos cultivos, com predomínio de Staphylococcus coagulase-negativa (SCN) (76,92%). O valor mediano da CCS de vacas infectadas (1,8 x106 células/mL) foi maior do que o obtido para as vacas sadias (0,9 x106 células/mL) (P=0,0451). A sensibilidade (100 a 15%), especificidade (100 a 2,2%) e falso-positivo (100 a 2,2%) diminuíram gradativamente quando os limiares de 0,2 a 10,0 x106 células/mL foram adotados. Em contrapartida, a proporção de falso-negativo (0 a 84,6%) apresentou perfil inverso. O limiar de maior concordância entre a CCS e EB foi de 10,0 x106 células/mL, porém os índices de sensibilidade (15,4%), especificidade (2,2%) e falso-positivo (2,2%) foram muito baixos. Com base nos resultados encontrados, conclui-se que a CCS apresentou elevação diante dos processos infecciosos da glândula mamária (GM), causados especialmente por bactérias do grupo SCN. No entanto, as alterações fisiológicas decorrentes da colostrogênese resultaram em baixa concordância entre a CCS e o exame bacteriológico do colostro.
Chemical dependence on crack: experiences and perceptions of internship students of a medical school
Authors: Peixoto Audenis L. A. , Vieira Maria de Lourdes F. , Costa Antonio C. S. , Freitas Daniel A.
Published: August 2016

Study design: Cross-sectional and qualitative study. Objectives: This study investigates experiences and identifies the perceptions of ninth-term intern medical students of a public university on the crack addiction issue. Methods: A qualitative-approach and cross-sectional study which had as the research tool a semi-structured, individual interview allowing broad speech of students. Recording reports were transcribed and content analysis carried out according to Bardin. Results: categories were identified concerning the feeling of experience, the students’ perception on crack addiction and their learning on the subject, physical impairments and additional damages, besides how society should deal with the addiction on crack. The feelings of compassion and preservation are present in their experiences. Students point out economic, professional and family issues as the sources of serious crack addiction consequences. They also take into account the social and existential damages, the self-destruction, violence and weight loss caused on crack users, as well as the codependency. There is a great concern on the part of students related to prevention, education, information, elimination of prejudice, as well as demands of government efforts to combat crack. Conclusion: The intern medical students consider crack addiction both a social problem and a disease; define learning about addiction by crack insufficient throughout the course. Their experiences and perceptions generate positive impacts since they prospect better prepared graduates who shall receive the one addicted and his family in a broader, more effective and humane way
Association between cardiovascular diseases and hospitalization among patients users of the Brazilian National Health System
Authors: Queiroz Dayane C. , Cantarutti Débora C. , Turi Bruna C. , Fernandes Rômulo A. , Codogno Jamile S.
Published: August 2016

Study Design: Cross-sectional. Objective of the study: To investigate the relationship between cardiovascular disease and hospitalizations among users of the Brazilian Public Healthcare System of Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil. Methods: The sample was composed by patients from two Basic Healthcare Units of Presidente Prudente / SP. Hospitalizations, presence of disease, habitual physical activity, body mass index and blood pressure measures were the variables analyzed. Spearman correlation indicated relationship between variables and statistical significance was set at p-value < 5%. Results: 514 adults of both sexes were interviewed. The occurrence of hospitalization in the previous year was 14.9%. There was relationship between habitual physical activity, diagnosis of hypertension, arrhythmia and stroke with number of days hospitalized. After adjustment for confounders, patients with two and three/four diagnostic for cardiovascular diseases were more frequent hospitalized compared to patients without diagnoses. Conclusion: It was found relationship between hospitalizations and diagnosis of hypertension, arrhythmia, stroke and lower levels of habitual physical activity among patients users of the public healthcare system in Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
Haematological response of cyclists after competition
Authors: Ferreira Brunno E , Morel Erika A , Tsalikis Jaqueline , Costa Cynthia H , Muller Paulo T G , Pontes Elenir R J C
Published: August 2016

The aim of the study was to analyze the hematologic response of cyclists after a nationwide competition level. Participated in 20 athletes (35 ± 7,90 years old, 1,75 ± 0,06m of height, 18,71 ± 4,12% of body fat, VO2max 57,90 ± 6,80 ml/kg/min, 345 ± 50,90W, 202 ± 6,77bpm of maximum heart rate), which underwent two blood samples, monitoring of body weight and water intake. After the competition was observed decrease in body weight (78,20 ± 9,10 to 76,70 ± 9,20 kg, p = 0,0001) with an average consumption of 620 ± 532,20 mL of water, and a significant increase (p = 0,0001) in the concentration of erythrocytes (5,28 ± 0,44 6 ± 0,41 million/mm3), hemoglobin (15,80 ± 1 to 17,70 ± 0,95 g/%), the platelets (211.950 ± 42.488,2 to 285.050 ± 47.097,2 un/mm3) and hematocrit (47 ± 2,97 to 54 ± 2,79%). Strong correlation (r > 0.7) between hematocrit with erythrocytes level and hemoglobin was observed. It was concluded that there is an increase in the number of hematological components of cyclists after competition with weak correlation with the water intake, body weight and the maximum volume of oxygen level
Evaluation of structure and process in care in Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zacharias Fabiana C. M. , Pinto Ione C. , Bulgarelli Alexandre F. , Arcênio Ricardo A. , Ferro Denise , Gomide Mariana F. S. , Figueira Brisa P. G.
Published: August 2016

Objective: Evaluate health care to patients with Diabetes mellitus type 2 by means of human resources, records of professional and technical activities in a School Health Center. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive evaluative study through observation and analysis of 150 patients with DM at a School Health Center in São Paulo. Results: The physical structure follows most of the requirements of the National Health Surveillance Agency; the material resources cater the needs in the quantities and quality. The medical records 145 (96.6%) indicates that work organization was focused on the biomedical model. The registration of anthropometric measures was considered low, and in only 4 (2.6%) had the measure of waist circumference. Only 5 (3.3%) patients had consultation with the nurse. These consultations were punctual and highlighting specific guidelines on use of medications and there seems to be not in the service routine. Conclusion: We considered the structure of the service as appropriate but the process is a factor to be reviewed by the health team
How the Working Memory functioning? Influences in learning of children with typical development and development coordination disorder
Authors: Zanella Larissa W. , Valentini Nadia C.
Published: August 2016

Children with learning disabilities may have limitations on the ability to store and / or organize information properly handled and need for implementation of school and / or motor tasks. Working memory, also called short-term memory, cognition is a variable widely investigated in recent years. The objectives of this systematic literature review were: (1) verify the function of the components of working memory in school-age children; (2) verify the influence of working memory in cognitive performance and learning difficulties of children of school age; (3) verify the limitations of working memory in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder. The search for articles occurred between February and May 2013. The PubMed and EBSCO data, resulting in a total of 60 included articles were used. Working memory affects the learning and specific deficits are observed in school-age children with learning difficulties as well as in children with Developmental Coordination Disorder
Pulmonary function and functional capacity of illicit drug users in detoxification process
Authors: Palú Marina , Santos Karoliny dos , Scalco Janaína Cristina , Cani Katerine Cristhine , Santos Jefferson Jovelino Amaral dos
Published: August 2016

Importance of the problem: The use of psychoactive substances represents a public health problem, causing complications that go beyond the social. Aim: Investigate the pulmonary function and functional capacity of drug addicts admitted to a rehabilitation center. Methods: Case reports with 13 men (24 ± 2.9 years), drug users and abstinence time of up to nine months, perform a protocol consisting of sociodemographic interview, spirometry and six minute walk test. Results: In the six-minute walk test, traveled on average 129% of the scheduled distance and pulmonary function showed no impairment. The majority began substance use in adolescence; in addition, presented the combined substance use and family history of consumption of psychoactive substances and alcohol. Comments: The findings suggest that the use of illegal drugs for less in twenty years does not alter pulmonary function and functional capacity
A ZONA DE CONVERGÊNCIA DO ATLÂNTICO SUL E A PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIAL DO MUNICÍPIO DE VILA VELHA (ES): REPERCUSSÕES SOBRE AS INUNDAÇÕES
Authors: Marchioro Eberval , Silva Graziani Mondoni , Correa Wesley De Souza Campos
Published: August 2016

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar a influência da Zona de Convergência do Atlântico Sul (ZCAS) sobre o comportamento pluviométrico no município de Vila Velha (ES), relacionando-o à ocorrência de inundação. A área em estudo é sistematicamente atingida por eventos de inundação, que vem causando anos após anos sérios danos sociais e econômicos a população local. Neste estudo identificaram-se os episódios de ZCAS, o comportamento pluviométrico e os eventos de inundações, por meio da revista Climanálise, do INMET, do Sistema Integrado de Informações sobre Desastres (S2ID) e do jornal A Tribuna, respectivamente. A partir desses dados foi possível constatar que a ação da ZCAS influência a variação da pluvisiodade aumentando os totais de chuva que acabam gerando ocorrências de inundações no município de Vila Velha (ES). A pesquisa demostrou que a ZCAS exerce papel importante sobre o comportamento pluvial e este pode desencadear a ocorrência de desastres naturais, trazido por meio das inundações, sendo assim aprofundar o assunto faz-se necessário.
A CLASSIFICAÇÃO FLUVIAL DE ROSGEN APLICADA EM CÓRREGOS DA REGIÃO OESTE DO ESTADO DO PARANÁ, BRASIL
Authors: Fernandez Oscar Vicente Quinonez
Published: August 2016

O artigo apresenta a aplicação da classificação de Rosgen em córregos da região Oeste do estado do Paraná, inserida no planalto basáltico da Bacia do Paraná. A classificação tem quatro níveis de detalhamento: caracterização morfológica básica (nível I), descrição morfológica (nível II), levantamento das condições de estabilidade do rio (nível III) e verificação (nível IV). No nível I, a classificação divide os canais em nove tipos principais (Aa+, A, B, C, E, F, G, D e DA). No nível II, a classificação prevê a divisão dos nove tipos citados em 94 subtipos baseado no padrão fluvial, grau de entrincheiramento do canal, relação largura/profundidade, índice de sinuosidade, declividade do fluxo e material de fundo. Neste trabalho foi aplicado o nível II da classificação por representar um instrumento útil para inventariar as condições morfológicas e sedimentológicas dos cursos fluviais de uma região. Dentre os 18 trechos estudados, 12 foram agrupados nos subtipos E4, E5 e G5c. Nos seis canais restantes não foi possível aplicar a classificação de Rosgen, pela falta de enquadramento das variáveis sinuosidade e declividade dentro dos limites da classificação. Estas variáveis mostraram valores abaixo dos limites da classificação em 50% dos trechos levantados com respeito a sinuosidade e 11% na declividade. A classificação mostrou suas limitações nos córregos do planalto basáltico paranaense na aplicação da variável sinuosidade, cujos baixos índices podem ser favorecidos por lineamentos tectônicos presentes nas rochas basáltica.
Urinary 11‐Dehydro‐Thromboxane B
2
as a Predictor of Acute Myocardial Infarction Outcomes: Results of Leukotrienes and Thromboxane In Myocardial Infarction (LTIMI) Study
Authors: Szczeklik Wojciech , Stodółkiewicz Edyta , Rzeszutko Marcin , Tomala Marek , Chrustowicz Anton , Żmudka Krzysztof , Sanak Marek
Published: August 2016

Background

Urinary 11‐dehydro‐thromboxane (
TX
)B
2
has been described as a potential predictive biomarker of major adverse cardiovascular events (
MACE
s) in high cardiac risk patients. This part of
LTIMI
(Leukotrienes and Thromboxane In Myocardial Infarction) study aimed to evaluate the relationship between 11‐dehydro‐
TXB
2
and
MACE
s in patients with acute myocardial infarction (
AMI
).

Methods and Results

LTIMI
was an observational, prospective study in 180 consecutive patients with
AMI
type 1 referred for primary percutaneous coronary intervention. On admission and at follow‐up visits (1 month, 1 year), 11‐dehydro‐
TXB
2
was measured in urinary samples by using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The primary outcome was occurrence of composite
MACE
s during 1‐year after
AMI
. Left ventricular ejection fraction was assessed in echocardiography on admission and at 1‐year follow‐up. Analyses of 11‐dehydro‐
TXB
2
(pg/mg creatinine) were performed on log‐transformed data and expressed as median with
IQR
(Q1–Q3). 11‐Dehydro‐
TXB
2
level on admission was 7.39 (6.85–8.01) and decreased at 1 month (6.73, 6.27–7.12;
P
<0.001) and 1‐year follow‐up (6.37, 5.91–6.94;
P
<0.001). In univariate analysis, baseline 11‐dehydro‐
TXB
2
was higher in patients with
MACE
s (n=60; 7.73, 7.07–8.60) compared with those without
MACE
s (n=119; 7.28, 6.68–7.79;
P
=0.002). In multivariate regression model, 11‐dehydro‐
TXB
2
and 3 other variables (diabetes, multivessel disease, and left ventricular ejection fraction) were found to be best 1‐year cumulative
MACE
predictors with odds ratio for 11‐dehydro‐
TXB
2
of 1.58 (95%
CI
1.095–2.33;
P
=0.017) and area under the curve (in receiver operating characteristic analysis of 0.8). Baseline 11‐dehydro‐
TXB
2
negatively correlated with both left ventricular ejection fraction on admission (
R
=−0.21;
P
=0.006) and after 1 year (
R
=−0.346;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

11‐Dehydro‐
TXB
2
predicts 1‐year cumulative
MACE
s in
AMI
patients and provides prognostic information on the left ventricular performance.
Mediations on a Digital Workforce
Authors: burrough xtine
Published: August 2016

The work presented here ranges from small-scale interventions on Amazon.com ’s Mechanical Turk virtual crowdsourcing job board to collaborations with the Turkers (workers) for exhibition and festival play. Virtual job boards have a tendency to commodify digital labor, often resulting in exploitative practices. In these works, the author offers the Turkers a reprieve from the tensions between play and labor (play/bor) with an opportunity to express themselves while being paid for their creativity.
Porphyrocrinus daniellalevyae n. sp. (Echinodermata: Crinoidea), a sea lily from the tropical western Atlantic with a unique crown pattern
Authors: MESSING CHARLES G.
Published: August 2016

Porphyrocrinus daniellalevyae, new species, is described from irregular, hard-substrate, deep island slope habitats in the tropical western Atlantic Ocean (northwestern Bahamas and, probably, Honduras). It represents the first record of the genus from the western Atlantic, and is the first crinoid, living or fossil, known to gradually increase its number of rays with increasing size and, ostensibly, growth. The four known specimens have 8, 12, 14 and 15 radial ossicles, which give rise to undivided arms. The method of augmentation is unknown, although the possibility of autotomy of one and regrowth of two in its place is discussed. Augmentation of radial number may also account for the absence of an aboral nerve ring associated with the radial ring, unlike the arrangement in almost all living crinoids in which the nervous system has been examined. Ligamentary articulations (trifascial synarthries) exhibit fulcral ridge-and groove architecture between arm ossicle pairs that remains to be described for other members of the genus. The species also exhibits a filamentous arm tip lacking pinnules that has only been described for one other species of Porphyrocrinus.
A new species of Bathynomus Milne Edwards, 1879 (Isopoda: Cirolanidae) from The Bahamas, Western Atlantic
Authors: SHIPLEY OLIVER N. , BRUCE NIEL L. , VIOLICH MACKELLAR , BACO AMY , MORGAN NICOLE , RAWLINS SCOTT , BROOKS EDWARD J.
Published: August 2016

A new species of cirolanid isopod, Bathynomus maxeyorum sp. nov., from The Bahamas, Western Atlantic, is described. This species represents the fourth species of Bathynomus to be described from the tropical and sub-tropical Western Atlantic. Bathynomus maxeyorum sp. nov. is characterized by 7 broad short pleotelsonic spines, with setation running along ~80% of the posterior margin of the pleotelson. Genetic analysis indicates a ~14% sequence divergence from the sympatric species Bathynomus giganteus.