bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimierte Beleuchtung im Bode‐Museum Berlin
Authors: Kaase Heinrich , Aydınlı Sırrı , Gramm Stefan
Published: December 2015

Die Optimierung der Museumsbeleuchtung basiert auf der gleichzeitigen Berücksichtigung energetischer, beleuchtungstechnischer, farbmetrischer und konservatorischer Aspekte, die sich auf den ersten Blick unter Umständen widersprechen. Am Beispiel des Berliner “Bode‐Museums“ konnte gezeigt werden, dass der Ersatz der bisher verwendeten HGL‐ durch LED‐Leuchten eine Reduzierung des Energieumsatzes um bis zu 70 % ermöglicht. Im gedimmten Betrieb kann sich dieser Wert aufgrund der besser geeigneten Dimmkennlinie der LEDs noch weiter erhöhen. Gleichzeitig ist mit einer verringerten Objektschädigung durch UV‐ und kurzwellige sichtbare Strahlung und deutlich verringerter thermischer Belastung der Objekte durch IR‐Strahlung zu rechnen. Außerdem ermöglicht die Kombination verschiedener LEDs in einer Leuchte eine variable Lichtfarbe mit sehr guter Farbwiedergabe. Bei der Auswahl der LED‐Lösungen ist eine Abwägung der konservatorischen Anforderungen unerlässlich, als einfachstes Bewertungskriterium kann dabei die ähnlichste Farbtemperatur herangezogen werden. Werden alle diese Gesichtspunkte berücksichtigt, ermöglicht die LED‐Technik erstmals die Kombination einer energieeffizienten verbesserten Beleuchtung bei gleichzeitig verbessertem Objektschutz.

Optimized lighting for the Bode‐Museum in Berlin. The optimization of museum lighting is based on energetic, luminous, colorimetric and conservation aspects, which seems to contradict each other in part. As an example the energy expenditure of the illumination of the “Bode‐Museum” could be reduced by up to 70 % when replacing conventional HGL‐ by LED‐luminaires. In dimmed mode, this value may increase even further due to a more appropriate dimming characteristic of LED. This is accompanied by a reduced damage by UV radiation and short wavelength part of the visible radiation and at the same time without thermal loading of objects by IR radiation. In addition, the combination of different LED in one luminaire creates a variable luminous colour with very good colour rendering properties. The consideration of the conservation requirements is essential when choosing the correct LED‐lighting, for a simple evaluation criterion the correlated colour temperature can be used. If all these aspects are taken into account, the LED technology enables the combination of enhanced energy‐efficient lighting with improved preservation requirements.
Residential agricultural pesticide exposures and risks of selected birth defects among offspring in the San Joaquin Valley of California
Authors: Carmichael Suzan L. , Yang Wei , Roberts Eric , Kegley Susan E. , Brown Timothy J. , English Paul B. , Lammer Edward J. , Shaw Gary M.
Published: December 2015

Background

We examined associations of birth defects with residential proximity to commercial agricultural pesticide applications in California. Subjects included 367 cases representing five types of birth defects and 785 nonmalformed controls born 1997 to 2006.

Methods

Associations with any versus no exposure to physicochemical groups of pesticides and specific chemicals were assessed using logistic regression adjusted for covariates. Overall, 46% of cases and 38% of controls were classified as exposed to pesticides within a 500 m radius of mother's address during a 3‐month periconceptional window.

Results

We estimated odds ratios (ORs) for 85 groups and 95 chemicals with five or more exposed cases and control mothers. Ninety‐five percent confidence intervals (CI) excluded 1.0 for 11 ORs for groups and 22 ORs for chemicals, ranging from 1.9 to 3.1 for groups and 1.8 to 4.9 for chemicals except for two that were <1 (noted below).

Conclusion

For groups, these ORs were for anotia/microtia (n = 95 cases) and dichlorophenoxy acids/esters and neonicotinoids; anorectal atresia/stenosis (n = 77) and alcohol/ethers and organophosphates (these ORs were < 1.0); transverse limb deficiencies (n = 59) and dichlorophenoxy acids/esters, petroleum derivatives, and triazines; and craniosynostosis (n = 79) and alcohol/ethers, avermectins, neonicotinoids, and organophosphates. For chemicals, ORs were: anotia/microtia and five pesticides from the groups dichlorophenoxy acids/esters, copper‐containing compounds, neonicotinoids, organophosphates, and triazines; transverse limb deficiency and six pesticides – oxyfluorfen and pesticides from the groups copper‐containing compounds, 2,6‐dinitroanilines, neonicotinoids, petroleum derivatives and polyalkyloxy compounds; craniosynostosis and 10 pesticides – oxyfluorfen and pesticides from the groups alcohol/ethers, avermectins, n‐methyl‐carbamates, neonicotinoids, ogranophosphates (two chemicals), polyalkyloxy compounds (two chemicals), and pyrethroids; and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (n = 62) and a copper‐containing compound. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:27–35, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High doses of alcohol during pregnancy cause DNA damages in osteoblasts of newborns rats
Authors: Carvalho Isabel Chaves Silva , Dutra Tamires Pereira , De Andrade Dennia Perez , Balducci Ivan , Pacheco‐Soares Cristina , Rocha Rosilene Fernandes da
Published: December 2015

Background

Alcohol exerts teratogenic effects and its consumption during pregnancy can cause deficit of bone development. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the genotoxic effects of prenatal exposure to ethanol on newborn rat osteoblasts.

Methods

Wistar rats were initially divided into two groups: Ethanol group which received Ethanol 20% V/V in liquid diet and solid diet ad libitum, and Control group, which received solid diet and water ad libitum. Each group received a specific diet for 8 weeks before breeding and throughout three weeks of gestation and the treatment was finished on the day the pups were killed. On the fifth day of life, the pups from each group were killed for removal of the calvaria and isolation of osteogenic cells by sequential enzymatic digestion. The cells were cultured for a maximum period of 14 days. The detection of genotoxic effects of alcohol was investigated by the comet and the micronucleus assay.

Results

Micronucleus and comet assay showed significant increases in DNA damage at 7 days in Ethanol group (p = 0.0302, p = 0.0446, respectively). However, at 14 days both assay showed no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.6194, p = 0.8326, respectively).

Conclusion

Our results showed that prenatal exposure to ethanol induced DNA damage in osteoblasts, as shown by micronucleus formation and higher percentage of DNA in the comet tail. It can be concluded that prenatal exposure to ethanol damages osteoblast DNA in newborns exposed to high doses of ethanol during pregnancy, suggesting that prenatal ethanol consumption has a direct effect on fetal osteoblasts. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:122–132, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hospitalization charges for children with birth defects in Texas, 2001 to 2010
Authors: Moffitt Karen B. , Case Amy P. , Farag Noha H. , Canfield Mark A.
Published: December 2015

Background

State‐specific information about hospitalizations of children with birth defects can improve understanding of changes in occurrence, treatment practices, and health care financing policies. This study analyzed aggregated data on hospital charges and length of stay for a large, diverse population.

Methods

We extracted hospitalization data for children diagnosed with birth defects from the Texas Hospital Inpatient Discharge Public Use Data File (2001−2010). Analyses compared total charges and length of stay for children with and without a diagnosis code of any birth defect among 45 standard categories. We also examined trends for total charges by expected payer type.

Results

In Texas, 431,296 hospital stays were reported for children with birth defects, with total charges of $24.8 billion. Mean hospital stay for children with birth defects was more than twice that of those without, whereas mean of hospital total charges was approximately six times greater. Pyloric stenosis accounted for the largest number of hospitalizations, followed by certain cardiac defects. Pediatric hospitalizations for birth defects increased 273.7%, compared with a 214.7% increase overall. The percentage of charges with Medicaid as expected payer (2004–2010) ranged from 56.5 to 62.0%.

Conclusion

Charges associated with these conditions are far greater than those associated with pediatric hospitalizations for other causes, whether in the newborn period or beyond. However, these charges vary depending on specific diagnoses, expected payer source, and year of treatment. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:155–163, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acardiac twinning: High resolution three‐dimensional reconstruction of a low resistance case
Authors: van Lier Monique G.J.T.B. , Lopriore Enrico , Vandenbussche Frank P.H.A. , Streekstra Geert J. , Siebes Maria , Nikkels Peter G.J. , Oepkes Dick , van Gemert Martin J.C. , van den Wijngaard Jeroen P.H.M.
Published: December 2015

Background

Acardiac twinning is a rare anomaly of monochorionic twin pregnancies. Acardiac fetuses lack a functional heart but are passively perfused by arterial blood from their pump co‐twin. Although four acardiac morphological types have been classified, the various paths of anatomical and circulatory acardiac twin development, and the potential influence of acardiac size and perfusion flow as possible predictors of pump twin morbidity and mortality are poorly understood. This report presents the first high resolution three‐dimensional reconstruction of the vasculature of an acardiac twin by cryomicrotome imaging.

Case

A small, approximately 7.5‐cm‐diameter ball‐shaped acardius amorphous of 30 5/7 weeks had caused pump twin cardiac decompensation that necessitated an emergency cesarian section. The pump twin survived well. The acardiac body had a partially intact vascular system with large diameter arteries and veins and multiple zones that appeared devoid of perfusion. The three‐dimensional reconstruction showed neither recognizable organ structures nor identifiable blood vessels except for the umbilical artery and vein.

Conclusion

Our case showed a small acardiac mass with large diameter vessels and consequential low outflow resistance that caused pump twin complications. This indicates that the development of a method that allows pump twin prognosis is likely more successful if based on the use of acardiac versus pump twin perfusion flows than on body volume ratios. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:213–217, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Desktop exposure system and dosimetry for small scale in vivo radiofrequency exposure experiments
Authors: Gong Yijian , Capstick Myles , Tillmann Thomas , Dasenbrock Clemens , Samaras Theodoros , Kuster Niels
Published: December 2015

This paper describes a new approach to the risk assessment of exposure from wireless network devices, including an exposure setup and dosimetric assessment for in vivo studies. A novel desktop reverberation chamber has been developed for well‐controlled exposure of mice for up to 24 h per day to address the biological impact of human exposure scenarios by wireless networks. The carrier frequency of 2.45 GHz corresponds to one of the major bands used in data communication networks and is modulated by various modulation schemes, including Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and wireless local area network, etc. The system has been designed to enable exposures of whole‐body averaged specific absorption rate (SAR) of up to 15 W/kg for six mice of an average weight of 25 g or of up to 320 V/m incident time‐averaged fields under loaded conditions without distortion of the signal. The dosimetry for whole‐body SAR and organ‐averaged SAR of the exposed mice, with analysis of uncertainty and variation analysis, is assessed. The experimental dosimetry based on temperature measurement agrees well with the numerical dosimetry, with a very good SAR uniformity of 0.4 dB in the chamber. Furthermore, a thermal analysis and measurements were performed to provide better understanding of the temperature load and distribution in the mice during exposure. Bioelectromagnetics. 37:49–61, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Two decades of axillary management in breast cancer
Authors: Beek M A , Verheuvel N C , Luiten E J T , Klompenhouwer E G , Rutten H J T , Roumen R M H , Gobardhan P D , Voogd A C
Published: December 2015

Background

Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) in patients with breast cancer provides prognostic information. For many years, positive nodes were the most important indication for adjuvant systemic therapy. It was also believed that regional control could not be achieved without axillary clearance in a positive axilla. However, during the past 20 years the treatment and staging of the axilla has undergone many changes. This large population-based study was conducted in the south-east of the Netherlands to evaluate the changing patterns of care regarding the axilla, including the introduction of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in the late 1990s, implementation of the results of the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z0011 study, and the initial effects of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer AMAROS study.

Methods

Data from the population-based Eindhoven Cancer Registry of all women diagnosed with invasive breast cancer in the south of the Netherlands between January 1993 and July 2014 were used.

Results

The proportion of 34 037 women staged by SLNB without completion ALND increased from 0 per cent in 1993–1994 to 69·0 per cent in 2013–2014. In the same period the proportion undergoing ALND decreased from 88·8 to 18·7 per cent. Among women with one to three positive lymph nodes, the proportion undergoing SLNB alone increased from 10·6 per cent in 2011–2012 to 37·6 per cent in 2013–2014.

Conclusion

This population-based study demonstrated the radical transformation in management of the axilla since the introduction of SLNB and following the recent publication of trials on management of the axilla with a low metastatic burden.
An exercise on hardware/software codesign following the RISC model
Authors: Joseph Diya , Kaur Geetika , Chakraborty Pinaki
Published: December 2015

This paper presents an exercise to demonstrate the benefits of hardware/software codesign. A RISC processor and a high‐level language have been designed together to make best use of the features of one another. A CPU simulator, an assembler and a compiler have been implemented based on the design. The exercise is suitable for students of computer engineering and electronics engineering students nearing their graduation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:305–312, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21711
Physician experiences and preferences in the treatment of HR+/HER2− metastatic breast cancer in the United States: a physician survey
Authors: Lin Peggy L. , Hao Yanni , Xie Jipan , Li Nanxin , Zhong Yichen , Zhou Zhou , Signorovitch James E. , Wu Eric Q.
Published: December 2015

Sequential endocrine therapy (ET) is recommended for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor‐positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2‐negative (HER2−) metastatic breast cancer (mBC) and without visceral symptoms. Chemotherapy (CT) can be considered after sequential ETs, but is associated with adverse side effects. We assessed physicians' preferences and self‐reported prescribing patterns for ET and CT in the treatment of HR+/HER2− mBC at community practices in the United States. Community‐based oncologists/hematologists from a nationwide online panel who treated postmenopausal women with HR+/HER2− mBC were invited to complete a survey, blinded to the identity of study sponsor. Treatment preferences were collected by treatment class of ET‐based regimens versus CT and by agent for postmenopausal HR+/HER2− mBC patients after prior nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor use in the adjuvant or mBC setting. Among 213 physicians who completed the survey, 78% were male, 71% were based in small/intermediate practices (2–9 oncologists/subspecialists), 55% had >10 years of experience, and 58% referred to the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines when treating mBC. Among first‐line ETs, anastrozole was the most frequently used treatment (35%), followed by everolimus‐based (EVE, 34%) and fulvestrant‐based (FUL, 15%) therapy. After first‐line ET, the most preferred second‐ and third‐line treatments were ET monotherapy (48% and 39%), ET combination therapy (31% and 19%), and CT monotherapy (13% and 30%). Comparing EVE versus FUL, physicians preferred EVE in all lines but first line. Efficacy was the most important consideration for treatment choice. Physicians prescribed CT in early lines mainly because of visceral symptoms. This survey of treatment patterns for HR+/HER2− mBC in community practice suggested that after first‐line ET, ET mono‐ or combination therapy was commonly used for the second‐ and third‐line treatments and CT monotherapy for third‐ or later line treatments. CTs were used in early lines for patients with visceral symptoms.
The effect of aloe emodin–encapsulated nanoliposome‐mediated r‐caspase‐3 gene transfection and photodynamic therapy on human gastric cancer cells
Authors: Li Kai‐Ting , Duan Qin‐Qin , Chen Qing , He Juan‐Wen , Tian Si , Lin Hai‐Dan , Gao Qing , Bai Ding‐Qun
Published: December 2015

Gastric carcinoma (GC) has high incidence and mortality rates in China. Surgery and chemotherapy are the main treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has become a new treatment modality, appearing in recent experimental studies and clinical trials in various tumors. This study explores the combined effect of gene transfection with PDT on GC cells using aloe emodin (AE)–encapsulated nanoliposomes, which acted as gene carrier as well as one photosensitizer (PS). AE‐encapsulated nanoliposomes (nano‐AE) were prepared by reverse evaporation method. Electron microscopy and nano‐ZS90 analyzer were used to detect its morphology, size, and wavelength. Western blot was used to detect the expression of the caspase‐3 after transfection. MTT assay and flow cytometry were employed to determine the cytotoxic and apoptotic rates, respectively. Hoechst 33342 staining was adopted to detect the morphological changes in death gastric cancer cells. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) contents were measured by DCFH‐DA staining. Outcomes demonstrated that the nano‐AE has good properties as gene delivery carriers as well as a PS. The group in which the recombinant plasmid of r‐caspase‐3 was transfected had higher protein expression of the caspase‐3 than controls, meanwhile the proliferation rates of the transfected cells were inhibited by the nano‐AE‐mediated PDT in an energy‐dependent manner. In addition, in the transfected cells, the death rate increased to 77.3% as assessed 12 h after PDT (6.4 J/cm2). Hochest 33342 staining also revealed that the death rate increased significantly in the transfected group compared with other groups. Compared to control groups, the production of ROS in nano‐AE PDT group had quadrupled in SGC‐7901 cells as early as 1 h after PDT, while it is similar to the group of nano‐AE transfection and PDT. Nano‐AE‐mediated r‐caspase‐3 gene transfection coupled with PDT could inhibit the proliferation rate and increase the apoptotic rate remarkably in human gastric cancer cells.
Understanding risk for nonsuicidal self‐injury
Authors: Liu Richard
Published: December 2015

Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) involves the intentional infliction of harm to one's own bodily tissue in the absence of any suicidal intent. Although it has traditionally been viewed as existing along the same spectrum of self‐harm as suicidal behavior, but falling on the milder end of this spectrum, there has been an increasing amount of research suggesting that, despite some shared conceptual similarities, it is a distinct clinical phenomenon in its own right. For this reason, NSSI has received increasing attention over the last 10 to 15 years in both clinical and research settings.
Keep your eye on …
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2015

The adverse outcomes of dual use of marijuana and alcohol in adolescence

The importance of involving the parent in treating disruptive behavior disorders
Report: To reduce teen substance use, create resilience and treat mental illness
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2015

Trust for America's Health, an advocacy organization, issued a report in late November focusing on how to reduce teen substance misuse. The task involves a lot more than prevention, although that is the first and best solution. For teens who are at risk, the problems may have started early in childhood, and addressing those factors, such as trauma, can prevent future substance use.
From the shadows: Children of incarcerated parents
Authors: Paccione‐Dyszlewski Margaret R.
Published: December 2015

It was the year 2000. I was standing in the inmate visiting area of what is now named the Howard R. Young Correctional Institution in Wilmington, Delaware. An attractive but tired‐looking young black woman entered the room carrying a preschooler. The little girl's eyes darted around the room and then dropped to the ground. I read anticipation and apprehension in her body language.
Terrorism, the news, and children
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: December 2015

While being informed about current events is an important part of growing up, children need to be shielded from news that is itself going to terrorize them, or turn them into bigots. When you have the radio on in the car, for example, everyone in the back seat can hear what you're hearing, but they don't necessarily have the maturity or experience to be able to sift fact from prejudice, and reporting from hyperbole, or put the images of bloodshed and guns out of their minds when they try to get to sleep that night. But it's going to be impossible to shield them from reality; they'll hear about it at school, from other children, maybe in a way that is not truthful and is even harmful. If you are Muslim, you will need to take extra care to shield your child from harmful comments.
Cancer‐associated retinopathy as the leading symptom in colon cancer
Authors: Weixler Benjamin , Oertli Daniel , Nebiker Christian Andreas
Published: December 2015

Key clinical message

Cancer‐associated retinopathy (CAR) is a rare paraneoplastic visual syndrome. Its early detection may lead to the diagnosis of the causative malignancy. As many different types of malignancies are known to be associated with CAR, it is important that clinicians are aware of the phenomenon of CAR.
Reasons for Filter Bag Failure and Method Development to Improve its Life Span
Authors: Patnaik Asis , Anandjiwala Rajesh D.
Published: December 2015

Reasons for filter bag failure at steel plants were analyzed and a suitable approach to overcome such problems is proposed. Clean and used filter bags were tested to evaluate tensile and bursting strengths and air permeability properties. In order to simulate the behavior of the filter bags under acidic conditions normally encountered in actual working environment, an acid dew point test was conducted on the clean bags. The structural changes in all bags were determined by scanning electron microscopy. A significant reduction in tensile and bursting strengths was observed after acidic treatment. In order to improve the durability of the bags, they were coated with a mixture of acrylic binder and nanoclay. Commercial filter bags as well as the developed samples showed improved resistance without any failure behavior.
A Three‐Electrode, Battery‐Type Swagelok Cell for the Evaluation of Secondary Alkaline Batteries: The Case of the Ni–Zn Battery
Authors: Garcia Grecia , Schuhmann Wolfgang , Ventosa Edgar
Published: December 2015

Three‐electrode cells are essential in understanding battery materials under operando conditions. A three‐electrode, battery‐type Swagelok cell for electrochemical studies of secondary alkaline batteries, in particular Ni–Zn batteries, is presented. The relevance of the three‐electrode battery‐type cell (i.e. sealed and non‐flooded) configuration is demonstrated as analytical tool with three observations: 1) The Ni electrode is shown to limit the system in the first cycles, while the Zn electrode becomes limiting in subsequent cycles. 2) Non‐woven separators (NWSs) clearly improve the performance of the battery. Besides the known fact of hindering the dendritic growth of Zn, NWSs inhibit the evolution of oxygen and hydrogen at the positive and negative electrodes. 3) The kinetics of the Ni electrode is much slower than that of the Zn electrode, as derived from the charge‐transfer resistance of the Ni electrode, which is substantially larger than that of the Zn electrode.
ChemInform Abstract: Charge Modulation in Graphitic Carbon Nitride as a Switchable Approach to High‐Capacity Hydrogen Storage.
Authors: Tan Xin , Kou Liangzhi , Tahini Hassan A. , Smith Sean C.
Published: December 2015

Electrical charging of graphitic g‐C4N3 and g‐C3N4 nanosheets is proposed as a strategy for high‐capacity and electrocatalytically switchable H2 storage.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Ammonium Vanadium Bronze (NH4)0.6V2O5 and Its Application in Li‐Ion Battery.
Authors: Ma Yining , Ji Shidong , Zhou Huaijuan , Zhang Shuming , Li Rong , Zhu Jingting , Li Wenjing , Guo Hehe , Jin Ping
Published: December 2015

The new title compound is hydrothermally synthesized from NH4VO3 in aqueous formic acid solution (autoclave, 250 °C, 8 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Alkene Carboaminations Enabled by Oxidative Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer.
Authors: Choi Gilbert J. , Knowles Robert R.
Published: December 2015

A catalytic system comprising an iridium photocatalyst and a weak phosphate base is efficiently applied for intramolecular alkene carboamination reactions (25 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Mediated Efficient Oxidative Benzylic sp3 C—H to Ketone Derivatives Obtained under Mild Conditions Using O2.
Authors: Yi Hong , Bian Changliang , Hu Xia , Niu Linbin , Lei Aiwen
Published: December 2015

The photooxidation of diarylmethanes (I) in the presence of 9‐mesityl‐10‐methylacridinium perchlorate as a photocatalyst yields benzophenones (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Perfluoroalkyl α,β‐Unsaturated Esters via Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Reactions.
Authors: Yamazaki Takashi , Mano Noriko , Hikage Reo , Kaneko Tsutomu , Kawasaki‐Takasuka Tomoko , Yamada Shigeyuki
Published: December 2015

Various title esters are obtained with high (E)‐stereoselectivity by condensation reactions of in situ produced halogenated ketones with Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Baeyer—Villiger Oxidation under Payne Epoxidation Conditions.
Authors: Bradley Tyne D. , Dragan Andrei , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O.
Published: December 2015

The novel method for the Baeyer—Villiger oxidation of ketones involves a transition metal‐free activation of H2O2 under Payne epoxidation conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Tropones by Sequential Rh‐Catalyzed [5 + 2] Cycloaddition and Elimination.
Authors: Song Wangze , Xi Bao‐min , Yang Ka , Tang Weiping
Published: December 2015

Starting from acyloxy‐1,4‐enynes and various 2‐substituted or 2,2‐disubstituted propargyl alcohols a regioselective access to acetyl protected tropone derivatives is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of 1,4‐Bis(3‐methylimidazolium‐1‐yl)butane Ditribromide [bMImB]·(Br3)2 Ionic Liquid Reagent for Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides.
Authors: Manesh Abbas Amini , Eshbala Fereshteh Hosseini , Hemmati Saba , Veisi Hojat
Published: December 2015

No over‐oxidation is observed, allylic and alcoholic functions remain intact.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimeric TADDOL Phosphoramidites in Asymmetric Catalysis: Domino Deracemization and Cyclopropanation of Sulfonium Ylides.
Authors: Klimczyk Sebastian , Misale Antonio , Huang Xueliang , Maulide Nuno
Published: December 2015

The diastereo‐ and enantioselective intramolecular cyclopropanation of allylic esters is achieved in the presence of the novel bimetallic gold catalyst (AUP).
ChemInform Abstract: The p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid‐Catalyzed Transformation of Polyfluorinated 2‐Alkynylanilines to 2‐Aminoarylketones and Indoles.
Authors: Politanskaya Larisa , Shteingarts Vitalij , Tretyakov Evgeny , Potapov Alexander
Published: December 2015

The reaction pathways significantly depend on the substituents on the alkynylaniline to provide the corresponding ketones or indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Alumina‐Supported Copper Iodide: An Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 1,4‐Disubstituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles via Three‐Component Reaction in Water.
Authors: Agalave Sandip G. , Pharande Shrikant G. , Gade Swapna M. , Pore Vandana S.
Published: December 2015

The reaction proceeds well with benzyl halides and arylalkynes while halobenzenes fail and alkylalkynes (e.g., 1‐hexyne and cyclohexylalkyne) give complex mixtures.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of 2H‐Chromene: A New Entry to Pyrano[2,3‐c]carbazoles.
Authors: Ranjith Reddy K. , Siva Reddy A. , Dhaked Devendra K. , Rasheed S. K. , Pathania Anup Singh , Shankar Ravi , Malik Fayaz , Das Parthasarathi
Published: December 2015

Suzuki—Miyaura cross‐coupling of (het)arylboronic acids with chromene derivative (I) provides the corresponding 5‐(het)arylated chromenes that can be subjected to Cadogan reaction to give the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Addition of Pyridyl Aluminum Reagents to Aldehydes Catalyzed by a Titanium(IV) Catalytic System of (R)‐H8‐BINOLate.
Authors: Zhang Lijun , Tu Bing , Ge Min , Li Yimei , Chen Liangyu , Wang Wei , Zhou Shuangliu
Published: December 2015

A series of optically active pyridyl methanols is available with the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Poly(N‐bromo‐N‐ethyl‐benzene‐1,3‐disulfonamide) [PBBS] and N,N,N′,N′‐Tetrabromobenzene‐1,3‐disulfonamide [TBBDA] as New Efficient Reagents for One‐Pot Synthesis of Furano and Pyrano Pyrimidinones (Thiones).
Authors: Ghorbani‐Vaghei Ramin , Maghbooli Yaser , Mahmoodi Jafar , Shahriari Azadeh
Published: December 2015

TBBDA gives slightly better yields than the corresponding PBBS reagent.
ChemInform Abstract: Subergane‐Type Sesquiterpenes from Gorgonian Coral Subergorgia suberosa with Antibacterial Activities.
Authors: Huang Qixi , Cheng Wei , Long Hailin , Liu Huagang , van Ofwegen Leen , Lin Wenhan
Published: December 2015

Epoxysubergorgic acid (I) is isolated from the gorgonian coral Subergorgia suberosa along with seven known sesquiterpenes.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Cyclopropyl‐Triterpenoid from Ochradenus arabicus.
Authors: Ali Liaqat , Ahmad Riaz , Ur Rehman Najeeb , Latif Khan Abdul , Hassan Zahid , Shamim Rizvi Tania , Al‐Harrasi Ahmed , Khan Shinwari Zabta , Hussain Javid
Published: December 2015

The new cyclopropyl‐triterpenoid is isolated along with four known compounds from the aerial parts of Ochradenus arabicus.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Formal Insertion of Carbenoids into Aminals via C—N Bond Activation.
Authors: Qin Guiping , Li Lixin , Li Jiawen , Huang Hanmin
Published: December 2015

This method gives α,β‐diamino acid esters with tertiary and quaternary α‐carbon‐centers in good yields and under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Fusarielin Analogue(I) from Penicillium sp. Isolated from the Mediterranean Sponge Ircinia oros.
Authors: Chen Huiqin , Aktas Nihal , Konuklugil Belma , Mandi Attila , Daletos Georgios , Lin Wenhan , Dai Haofu , Kurtan Tibor , Proksch Peter
Published: December 2015

isolation, structure elucidation, and cellular cytotoxicity
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of Phenylpiracetam and Its Methyl Derivative: Improvement of the Pharmacological Profile
Authors: Veinberg Grigory , Vavers Edijs , Orlova Natalja , Kuznecovs Jevgenijs , Domracheva Ilona , Vorona Maxim , Zvejniece Liga , Dambrova Maija
Published: December 2015

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemotherapeutic Potential of Acridine Analogues: An Ample Review
Authors: Sharma Sahil , Singh Harminder , Singh Harbinder , Mohinder Singh Bedi Preet
Published: December 2015

Review: [118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Meso‐N‐Arylamino‐ and N, N‐Diarylaminoporphyrinoids: Syntheses, Properties and Applications
Authors: Sakamoto Ryota , Mustafar Suzaliza , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: December 2015

Review: 162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Couplings: Efficient One‐Pot Syntheses of Nitrogen Heterocycles
Authors: Odom Aaron L. , McDaniel Tanner J.
Published: December 2015

Review: 40 refs.
Spiegelbildliche Nukleinsäuren als pharmakologische Wirkstoffe
Authors: Hoehlig Kai , Klussmann Sven
Published: December 2015

In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten wurde eine Reihe von Methoden entwickelt, die den Einsatz von Nukleinsäuren für therapeutische Zwecke ermöglichen. Mit Hilfe spezieller kurzer RNA‐ und DNA‐Moleküle kann die Expression einzelner Gene gezielt unterdrückt werden (gene silencing). Aptamere bieten eine Alternative zu monoklonalen Antikörpern. Eine Voraussetzung für die pharmakologische Verwendung von Nukleinsäuren ist eine hohe Stabilität gegenüber abbauenden körpereigenen Enzymen. Dies kann durch den Einsatz nicht‐natürlicher spiegelbildlicher Nukleinsäuren erreicht werden. Der Artikel beschreibt die Prinzipien der Stereochemie, die diesem Ansatz zugrunde liegen und zeigt, wie diese für die Identifizierung spiegelbildlicher Aptamere genutzt werden. Gleichzeitigt wird erläutert, warum die Stereospezifität der Watson‐Crick‐Basenpaarungen den Einsatz spiegelbildlicher Nukleinsäuren beim gene silencing verhindert und welche neuen Ansätze dies in Zukunft überwinden könnten.
Nobelpreis für Chemie 2015
Authors: Kaina Bernd
Published: December 2015

Er war überfällig. Und es war sicherlich keine einfache Entscheidung für das Nobel‐Komitee, die Kandidaten herauszufiltern, deren Arbeiten auf dem großen Gebiet der DNA‐Reparatur eine Schlüsselstellung einnehmen.
Economic MPC of deep cone thickeners in coal beneficiation
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yin Xunyuan , Liu Jinfeng
Published: December 2015

The thickener is an important operating unit in a coal handling and preparation plant (CHPP). The optimal control and operation of the thickener is critical for the efficiency and economics of a CHPP. In this work, we apply a computationally efficient economic model predictive controller (EMPC) to a deep cone thickener and compare its performance to a proportional‐integral controller and a regular model predictive controller (MPC). Based on a detailed model of the deep cone thickener that is appropriate for controller design purpose, the three control designs are compared on different aspects, including average water recovery rate and controller execution time, via extensive simulations. The robustness of the EMPC is also investigated in the presence of random disturbances in feed flow rate. The results demonstrate that the EMPC has the potential to significantly improve water recovery rate compared to the proportional‐integral control and the regular MPC.
Young investigator challenge: Cytomorphologic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid in 70 pediatric patients with medulloblastoma and review of the literature focusing on novel diagnostic and prognostic tests
Authors: Damiani Domenico , Suciu Voichita , Andreiuolo Felipe , Calderaro Julien , Vielh Philippe
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor and is currently treated with combined therapies. Recent advances in genetics and protein expression in this entity have led to the elaboration of a new molecular classification, and novel targeted therapies are currently under trial. This objective of this study was to describe the cytomorphologic features of MB in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

METHODS

The authors conducted a retrospective study of 194 CSF samples from 70 pediatric patients who had a history of primary MB. The samples consisted of CSF cytospins that were stained according to the May‐Grunwald Giemsa and/or Papanicolaou methods.

RESULTS

In 32 patients, it was possible to establish a confident diagnosis of metastatic MB. Common morphologic features included cell clustering, nuclear irregularity, molding and enlargement, and prominent nucleoli. Multinucleation as well as mitotic and apoptotic figures were less frequently observed. Fifteen samples that presented neither cell clustering nor nuclear molding were classified as suspicious.

CONCLUSIONS

Cell clustering with nuclear molding is a key feature for the diagnosis of leptomeningeal metastasis of MB. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:644–649. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
The atypical urothelial cell category in the Paris System: Strengthening the Achilles' heel
Authors: Brimo Fadi , Auger Manon
Published: December 2015

The category of atypical urothelial cell has to date been an equivocal diagnostic category, causing frustration to both cytopathologists and clinicians. The new Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology now offers well‐defined criteria that will help to standardize this problematic category as well as gather meaningful, comparable follow‐up data from diverse institutions.
Space‐discretization error analysis and stabilization schemes for conduction velocity in cardiac electrophysiology
Authors: Pezzuto S. , Hake J. , Sundnes J.
Published: December 2015

In cardiac electrophysiology, the propagation of the action potential may be described by a set of reaction–diffusion equations known as the bidomain model. The shape of the solution is determined by a balance of a strong reaction and a relatively weak diffusion, which leads to steep variations in space and time. From a numerical point of view, the sharp spatial gradients may be seen as particularly problematic, because computational grid resolution on the order of 0.1 mm or less is required, yielding considerable computational efforts on human geometries. In this paper, we discuss a number of well‐known numerical schemes for the bidomain equation and show how the quality of the solution is affected by the spatial discretization. In particular, we study in detail the effect of discretization on the conduction velocity (CV), which is an important quantity from a physiological point of view. We show that commonly applied finite element techniques tend to overestimate the CV on coarse grids, while it tends to be underestimated by finite difference schemes. Furthermore, the choice of interpolation and discretization scheme for the nonlinear reaction term has a strong impact on the CV. Finally, we exploit the results of the error analysis to propose improved numerical methods, including a stabilized scheme that tends to correct the CV on coarse grids but converges to the correct solution as the grid is refined. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blood transcript immune signatures distinguish a subset of people with elevated serum ALT from others given acetaminophen
Authors: Fannin RD , Gerrish K , Sieber SO , Bushel PR , Watkins PB , Paules RS
Published: December 2015

The diagnosis of drug‐induced liver injury is hindered by the limited utility of clinical chemistries. We have shown that hepatotoxicants can produce peripheral blood transcriptome “signatures” (PBTS) in rodents and humans. In this study, 42 adults were treated with acetaminophen (APAP; 1 g every 6 hours) for seven days, followed by three days of placebo. Eleven subjects received only placebo. After five days, 12 subjects (30%) had increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels (“responders”). PBTS of 707 and 760 genes, respectively, could distinguish responders and nonresponders from placebos. Functional analysis of the responder PBTS revealed increased expression of genes involved in TH2‐mediated and innate immune responses, whereas the nonresponders demonstrated increased gene expression consistent with a tolerogenic immune response. Taken together, these observations suggest that the clinical subjects with transient increases in serum ALT failed to maintain or intensify a hepatic tolerogenic immune response.
On the influence of inversion on thermal properties of magnesium gallium spinel
Authors: Schwarz Linda , Galazka Zbigniew , Gesing Thorsten M. , Klimm Detlef
Published: December 2015

Measurements of thermal diffusivity κ (using laser flash analysis) for temperatures from 100 °C to 1200 °C and of the inversion parameter x (using X‐ray analysis) for the single crystal spinel MgGa2O4 have been performed. X‐ray analysis showed a small change in x for samples annealed at 800 °C (x = 0.838) and 1200 °C (x = 0.834). Thermal diffusivity revealed a significant rise of κ for temperatures higher than 950 °C, deviating from the typical 1/T drop of κ. An additional systematic rise of κ with time is observed for temperatures between 950 °C and 1100 °C. A connection between cation disordering processes typical for spinels at elevated temperatures and the observed deviation of κ is proposed: Data indicate that cations changing their occupancy site at equilibration processes contribute significantly to κ and therefore represent a new type of heat transport.
Intercontinental correlation of organic carbon and carbonate stable isotope records: evidence of climate and sea‐level change during the Turonian (Cretaceous)
Authors: Jarvis Ian , Trabucho‐Alexandre João , Gröcke Darren R. , Uličný David , Laurin Jiří
Published: December 2015

Carbon (δ13Corg, δ13Ccarb) and oxygen (δ18Ocarb) isotope records are presented for an expanded Upper Cretaceous (Turonian–Coniacian) hemipelagic succession cored in the central Bohemian Cretaceous Basin, Czech Republic. Geophysical logs, biostratigraphy and stable carbon isotope chemostratigraphy provide a high‐resolution stratigraphic framework. The δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg profiles are compared, and the time series correlated with published coeval marine and non‐marine isotope records from Europe, North America and Japan. All previously named Turonian carbon isotope events are identified and correlated at high‐resolution between multiple sections, in different facies, basins and continents. The viability of using both carbonate and organic matter carbon isotope chemostratigraphy for improved stratigraphic resolution, for placing stage boundaries, and for intercontinental correlation is demonstrated, but anchoring the time series using biostratigraphic data is essential. An Early to Middle Turonian thermal maximum followed by a synchronous episode of stepped cooling throughout Europe during the Middle to Late Turonian is evidenced by bulk carbonate and brachiopod shell δ18Ocarb data, and regional changes in the distribution and composition of macrofaunal assemblages. The Late Turonian Cool Phase in Europe was coincident with a period of long‐term sea‐level fall, with significant water‐mass reorganization occurring during the mid‐Late Turonian maximum lowstand. Falling Δ13C (δ13Ccarb – δ13Corg) trends coincident with two major cooling pulses, point to pCO2 drawdown accompanying cooling, but the use of paired carbon isotopes as a high‐resolution pCO2 proxy is compromised in the low‐carbonate sediments of the Bohemian Basin study section by diagenetic overprinting of the δ13Ccarb record. Carbon isotope chemostratigraphy is confirmed as a powerful tool for testing and refining intercontinental and marine to terrestrial correlations.
Effects of early adolescent environmental enrichment on cognitive dysfunction, prefrontal cortex development, and inflammatory cytokines after early life stress
Authors: do Prado Carine H. , Narahari Tanya , Holland Freedom H. , Lee Ha‐Neul , Murthy Shashi K. , Brenhouse Heather C.
Published: December 2015

Early postnatal stress such as maternal separation causes cognitive dysfunction later in life, including working memory deficits that are largely mediated by the prefrontal cortex. Maternal separation in male rats also yields a loss of parvalbumin‐containing prefrontal cortex interneurons in adolescence, which may occur via inflammatory or oxidative stress mechanisms. Environmental enrichment can prevent several effects of maternal separation; however, effects of enrichment on prefrontal cortex development are not well understood. Here, we report that enrichment prevented cognitive dysfunction in maternally separated males and females, and prevented elevated circulating pro‐inflammatory cytokines that was evident in maternally separated males, but not females. However, enrichment did not prevent parvalbumin loss or adolescent measures of oxidative stress. Significant correlations indicated that adolescents with higher oxidative damage and less prefrontal cortex parvalbumin in adolescence committed more errors on the win‐shift task; therefore, maternal separation may affect cognitive dysfunction via aberrant interneuron development. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 482–491, 2016.
Pre‐analytical and analytical aspects of EDTA‐plasma iron measurement
Authors: Leuenberger Nicolas , Baume Norbert , Robinson Neil , Saugy Martial
Published: December 2015

It has been demonstrated that quantification of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)‐plasma iron could complement the already existing Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) variables and provide additional evidence for blood transfusion. Here, a fast preparation of a blood sample was proposed directly in the EDTA‐blood tube without performing an aliquoting step. In addition, correlations in paired serum and EDTA‐plasma samples and storage stability were investigated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photocurrent Response of Two ­Metal(II) Complexes Based on Rigid Ligands
Authors: Zhang Pan , Gong Yun , Lin Jian‐Hua
Published: December 2015

Two metal(II) complexes formulated as Cd3L(L1)3(H2O) (1) and Zn3L(BTC)2(H2O)·7H2O (2) {L = 4‐[4‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)phenyl]‐2,6‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)pyridine, H2L1 = 2,5‐bis(3′‐carboxylphenyl)pyridine, H3BTC = 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid} were synthesized and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Complex 1 displays a two‐nodal (3,7)‐connected 3D architecture with a novel (4.62)(48.610.83) topology, in which a Cd3 unit with a Cd···Cd separation of 3.5 Å is observed. Complex 2 possesses two kinds of Zn2 units, and it shows a (3,4,7)‐connected 3D architecture with a novel (4.62)6(43.66.811.10)2(64.82) topology. Complexes 1 and 2 both exhibit quasireversible redox properties, and a photocurrent could be produced on the two complexes upon visible‐light illumination (650 nm > λ > 350 nm). However, different photocurrent responses were observed on the two complexes, and complex 1 yielded a photocurrent density that was higher than that of the bare Si wafer and complex 2, probably because of different charge‐transfer impedances at the interfaces and charge‐carrier concentrations in the photoelectrodes.
The Synthesis of Quinolone Natural Products from Pseudonocardia sp.
Authors: Salvaggio Flavia , Hodgkinson James T. , Carro Laura , Geddis Stephen M. , Galloway Warren R. J. D. , Welch Martin , Spring David R.
Published: December 2015

The synthesis of four quinolone natural products from the actinomycete Pseudonocardia sp. is reported. The key step involved a sp2–sp3 Suzuki–Miyaura reaction between a common boronic ester lateral chain and various functionalised quinolone cores. The quinolones slowed growth of E. coli and S. aureus by inducing extended lag phases.