bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of Diabetes Mellitus Using Euphorbia helioscopia Leaf Ethanolic Extract by Modulating GCK, GLUT4, IGF, and G6P Expressions in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Raza Ahmed , Mushtaq Muhammad Naveed , Hassan Sadia , Sharif Ali , Akhtar Bushra , Akhtar Muhammad Furqan
Published: September 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder. Synthetic antidiabetics are the commonly used treatment options associated with complications. The objective of this study was to explore the antioxidative and antidiabetic potential of Euphorbia helioscopia whole plant ethanolic extract using in vitro and in vivo models. For that purpose, the antioxidative potential was explored by using 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl analysis. In vitro antidiabetic potential of the extract was evaluated using amylase inhibitory analysis. In vivo antidiabetic activity of the extract was assessed in diabetic rats using streptozotocin/nicotinamide (60 mg/kg/120 mg/kg) as an inducing agent. Metformin was used as standard. The results indicated the presence of significant quantities of phenolic 82.18 ± 1.28 mgg−1 gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and flavonoid 66.55±1.22 mgg−1 quercetin equivalent (QE) contents in the extract. Quantitation of phytoconstituents exhibited the presence of sinapic acid, myricetin, and quercetin using HPLC analysis. The extract inhibited α‐amylase by 84.71%, and an antiglycemic potential of 50.34% was assessed in the OGTT assay. Biochemical analysis demonstrated a reduction in urea, creatinine, cholesterol, low‐density lipoprotein, and alkaline phosphatase (p < 0.001) as compared to diabetic control rats at the dose of 500 mg/kg. An upregulation in the expressions of glucokinase, glucose transporter 4, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, and insulin‐like growth factor was observed in treated rats in contrast to G6P expression, which was downregulated upon treatment. In conclusion, this study provided evidence of the antioxidative and antidiabetic potential of E. helioscopia whole plant ethanolic extract through in vitro and in vivo analysis and emphasized its promising role as a natural alternative.
Sail Wind Power Stations: Evaluating the Efficiency of Converting Mechanical Energy into Electrical Energy
Authors: Sholanov Korganbay , Zhakipov Nazhmitden , Omarov Anuar , Assainov Gibrat
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to improve the design of an automatically controlled sail wind power station (SWPS). The peculiarity of the considered SWPS design is that its working body (WB) is rigidly connected to the upper platform of a Sholkor parallel manipulator that has six degrees of freedom. Six actuators connect the manipulator’s upper platform to the fixed lower platform. Each actuator is multifunctional and converts mechanical energy from wind action into electrical energy while controlling the WB’s movements. This wind energy conversion, by which the SWPS’s structural efficiency is evaluated, largely depends on the actuator’s coefficient of performance (CP). To meet the study objective, a prototype actuator was experimentally investigated to establish its efficiency. For this, a new experimental methodology was proposed, which involved sequentially experimenting on wind characteristics to obtain data, establishing a database, processing and preparing the initial data, and conducting a force analysis of the SWPS. Based thereon, the predicted power of the input load on the actuators was determined using Mathcad software. In the experimental setup, this predicted power was used as the actuator’s input, and the experimental value of the generated electrical energy (the output power) gave the actuator prototype’s efficiency. The actuator’s average experimental CP was  = 0.56−0.58, which demonstrates that this geometry’s dimensions and parameters are acceptable. The results of the study will be used to improve the design. The article emphasizes the potential of SWPSs for producing wind energy.
Real‐World Experience of Secukinumab Treatment in Patients with Moderate‐to‐Severe Plaque Psoriasis in Greece: 3‐Year Interim Results of the SERENA Study
Authors: Ioannides Dimitrios , Rigopoulos Dimitrios , Papakonstantis Markos , Chasapi Vasiliki , Deligiannis Panagiotis , Rigatos Panagiotis , Lefaki Ioanna , Papadavid Evangelia , Pokas Eteoklis , Tsilifis Spyridon , Roussaki-Schulze Angeliki-Viktoria , Barkis Ioannis , Lazaridou Elisabeth , Fotiadou Christina , Zisimou Chrysa , Kallidis Panagiotis , Chatzakis Vasileios , Oikonomou Chrysa , Madia Xenia
Published: September 2024

SERENA is an ongoing European noninterventional longitudinal study evaluating retention, effectiveness, safety, and quality of life (QoL) in secukinumab‐treated patients with active moderate‐to‐severe plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Herein, 3‐year interim results among patients with psoriasis enrolled in Greece are presented. Consented adults receiving secukinumab according to the approved label for ≥16 weeks were included. Of 292 patients enrolled, 290 eligible patients (mean age 48.4 years, 71.7% male) were analyzed. At treatment initiation, 65.9% of patients were biologic‐naïve and mean total Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) score was 29.0. At enrolment, mean treatment duration was approximately 1.0 year. The treatment retention rate at 1/2/3 years after enrolment was 94.4/87.3/85.9%; main reasons for discontinuation were lack of effectiveness and adverse events (AEs) (43.6% and 28.2% of discontinuations, respectively). At enrolment, the mean PASI score was 4.0, 61.3% of patients had PASI ≤ 3, 71.7% had Physician’s Global Assessment (PGA) score 0/1, 59.5% had Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score 0/1, while the mean EuroQoL Visual Analogue Scale (EQ‐VAS) score was 82.0. At 1/2/3 years postenrolment, the mean PASI score was 1.9/1.6/1.0, 86.6/89.4/90.0% had PASI ≤ 3, 89.5/94.8/97.5% had PGA 0/1, 71.1/75.9/81.8% had DLQI 0/1, and mean EQ‐VAS score was 85.7/90.0/92.0. Of enrolled patients, 7.2% experienced secukinumab‐related AEs, while special interest AEs (candida infections, malignancy, and major adverse cardiovascular events) were reported in ≤2 patients, each. These results demonstrate high secukinumab persistence in the Greek population up to three years after study enrolment, accompanied by sustained improvements in both clinical and QoL parameters and a favorable safety profile.
Evaluation of Natural Radioactivity Level in Surface Soil from Bambasi District in Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Kidane Yared Birhane , Deressu Tilahun Tesfaye , Belete Guadie Degu
Published: September 2024

The study assessed the concentration of natural radionuclides in soil samples from the Bambasi district in Ethiopia’s Benishangul Gumuz region using a gamma‐ray spectrometer equipped with a high‐purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The measured activity concentrations of 238U, 232Th, and 40K in soil samples varied from 46.2 ± 2.25 to 88.49 ± 5.73 Bq/kg, 73.4 ± 4.12 to 119.65 ± 8.45 Bq/kg, and 176.78 ± 8.63 to 396.71 ± 25.39 Bq/kg, respectively. The average concentration of 238U and 232Th exceeded the recommended worldwide population weighted average values of 32.0 and 45.0 Bq/kg, respectively, while the average concentration of 40K was below the recommended value of 420.0 Bq/kg. The mean absorbed dose rate was calculated to be 91.6 ± 5.1 nGy/h, which is above the recommended safe value of 59 nGy/h. The average annual effective dose equivalents for indoor and outdoor exposure were determined to be 2.65 ± 0.14 mSv/y and 0.66 ± 0.1 mSv/y, respectively. The calculated mean values of the internal hazard index, external hazard index, and gamma index across all soil samples were 0.72 ± 0.05, 0.55 ± 0.02, and 0.72 ± 0.02, respectively, all below the recommended safe threshold of one. These findings suggest that the activity concentrations observed in the soil samples exceed safe levels, indicating the necessity for further investigation into radioactivity levels and epidemiological studies regarding potential hazards from high background radiation.
Seismic Fragility Analysis of Arch Dam Based on IDA and ETA Methods
Authors: Ma Tianxiao , Zhang Liaojun , Xu Wei , Zhang Hanyun , Wang Weiqiang , Wang Yi
Published: September 2024

In the assessment of the seismic performance of ultrahigh‐arch dams, challenges such as complex structural models, extensive degrees of freedom, and extended computation times are commonly encountered. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop a more streamlined and effective approach for investigating the seismic behavior of ultrahigh‐arch dams. The endurance time method, a novel approach in seismic analysis, is increasingly favored for the dynamic analysis of large structures. In this study, the dynamic damage characteristics of an ultrahigh‐arch dam are analyzed based on the endurance time method, and the seismic fragility analysis is evaluated. Utilizing a case study of an ultrahigh‐arch dam in southwest China, a comprehensive three‐dimensional nonlinear model encompassing dam, bedrock, and water interactions is developed. This model incorporates considerations of dam and bedrock damage, cracking, dynamic behavior of contraction joints, and the interaction between the dam and reservoir water. The nonlinear least‐squares function is used to generate three endurance time acceleration functions (ETAFs) based on the response spectra of the hydraulic structure seismic design standard. The dynamic analysis of the above model is carried out by using the endurance time method and the incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) method. The results indicate that the endurance time method can well reflect the fragility of ultrahigh‐arch dams under different intensities of ground motions, with significant computational efficiency.
Improve the Intelligent Convenience of Multivariate Optimization of Concrete Mix Ratio and the Development of Corresponding Applications
Authors: Yang Zhanfei , Chen Bin , Zhou Jianfen , Huang Saihua
Published: September 2024

In order to be more efficient in the optimization of concrete mixture, a new intelligent optimization model of concrete mixture was established by using particle swarm optimization on the basis of the original optimization model, and the specific performance was fitted and predicted by using the support vector machine. Using the optimization model established in this work, the test results of 1,443 groups of mixed ratios show that the prediction accuracy of the new model is better than that of the traditional model. The average relative errors of the 7‐ and 28‐day compressive strengths and initial collapse were 10.42%, 7.43%, and 17.14%, respectively. This method is used in a practical project where a set of C25, C30, C35, and C40 concrete mix ratios are designed. The prediction and actual error of 7‐day intensity and 28‐day intensity are −14.4% to −6.1% and −17.6% to 0.6%, respectively, while the predicted value and actual slump error are 15%. The results show that the error between the measured value and the design value is basically within 15%, which meets the design requirements. The method can reduce the time and cost of concrete production, with the cost per cubic meter after optimization is 3.5–8 CHY lower than the concrete mix calculated by the conventional method. The relative decrease ranges from 1.53% to 3.22%. Finally, a practical quality and cost control system (compos) is established to make the strategy easier to apply.
Assessing Social Networks: Validation of the Informal Supporter Readiness Inventory (ISRI) for Use in an Australian Context
Authors: Davies Ryan L. , Rice Kylie , Rock Adam J.
Published: September 2024

Objective. This research aimed to validate the Informal Supporter Readiness Inventory (ISRI) for evaluating the preparedness of informal supporters, in an Australian sample, to provide assistance in the context of intimate partner violence (IPV). Method. The ISRI’s four distinct factors were each assessed with separate confirmatory factor analyses (CFA). Reliability was calculated using Cronbach’s alpha values, and test‐retest reliability was evaluated using intraclass correlation coefficients. Additionally, the ISRI’s validity was assessed through Pearson’s correlations with both convergent and divergent measures. Results. The CFAs supported the four distinct factors of the ISRI: normative, individual, situational‐emotion, and situational‐assessment. The measure exhibited good‐to‐excellent internal consistency across these factors and good test‐retest reliability at four weeks. Convergent validity was supported by a strong positive correlation with the Intent to Help Friends Scale, while its weak association with the Generic Job Satisfaction Scale supported divergent validity. Discussion. The ISRI has emerged as a practical instrument with relevance to certain Australian sociocultural dynamics, offering utility in both research and clinical settings. The ISRI supports a network‐oriented approach to IPV survivor support, assisting the alliance between formal and informal support mechanisms. Future research should focus on broadening the ISRI’s applicability by assessing its effectiveness across diverse Australian populations.
Establishment of HPLC Fingerprints for Feiqizhong Tablets and Simultaneous Determination of Fourteen Constituents
Authors: Yang Ting , Deng Fang , Yang Xuejun , Li Shunxiang
Published: September 2024

Aim. To establish the HPLC fingerprints for Feiqizhong tablets and to simultaneously determine fourteen contents in Feiqizhong tablets. Methods. The analysis of the methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 30°C thermostatic Shimadzu Shim‐pack GIST‐C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 um), with the mobile phase comprising acetonitrile (A) −0.1% phosphoric acid (B) flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner (0–10 min, 88% A; 10–30 min, 88%–50% A; 30–60 min, 50%–30% A; 60–65 min, 30% A; 65–70 min, 30%–88% A; 70–75 min, 88% A), and the detection wavelength was fixed at 246 nm. Results. There were one hundred and five common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of twenty batches of samples with similarities of more than 0.953. Among them, fourteen major active components with a high response value in the chromatogram were selected for quantification, including eupalinolide B, tanshinone IIA, chlorogenic acid, psoralenoside, isopsoralenoside, icariin, amygdalin, caffeic acid, calycosin‐7‐O–β‐D‐glucoside, salvianolic acid B, quercetin, psoralen, isopsoralen, and bakuchiol. Fourteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ≥ 0.9985), whose average recoveries were 90.71–106.14% with RSD values of 0.23–1.22%. Conclusion. A rapid and effective method for the separation and detection of components in Feiqizhong tablets is established, which can provide a basis for quality control and quantitative detection.
Seroepidemiological Survey on Bluetongue Virus (BTV) among Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in Gadarif State, Eastern Sudan
Authors: Abraheem Hatim H. , Hussien Mohammed O. , Elhassan Amira M. , Enan Khalid A. , Musa Azza B. , Ahmed Selma K. , El Hussein Abdel Rahim M.
Published: September 2024

Bluetongue (BT) is an arthropod‐borne viral disease that primarily affects ruminants in tropical and temperate regions. In the present study, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted to define the seroprevalence of Bluetongue virus and to identify the possible risk factors correlated with BTV seropositivity among cattle, sheep, and goats during the period 2015‐2016 in Gadarif State. A total of 420 cattle, 877 sheep, and 641 goat serum samples were collected randomly from 12 localities. Information about age, sex, breed, area ecology, and location was obtained for each sample. Bluetongue seroprevalence was estimated using competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). The overall seroprevalence of BTV was 92.9% (390/420), 76.4% (670/877), and 85.3% (547/641) among cattle, sheep, and goats, respectively. Multivariate analysis followed univariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) between location, area ecology and age groups of cattle, sheep, and goats, and seropositivity to BTV. In addition, a significant association (p < 0.05) was observed between sex and seropositivity to BTV in sheep. In conclusion, BTV antibodies are highly prevalent in Gadarif State and susceptible livestock are at risk of exposition with BTV. Consequently, these animals have protection against specific BTV serotypes.
Ethical Reflections on the Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Construction of Smart Cities
Authors: Wang Bingjie
Published: September 2024

With the increasing reliance and demand for artificial intelligence in the construction of smart cities, AI has been embedded in various applications and infrastructures. However, uncertainties, concerns, and even fears about AI are constantly emerging. This study based on actor‐network theory (ANT) showcases the application practices of artificial intelligence in smart city, including smart transportation, smart water management, smart healthcare, smart grids, and smart city evaluation standards, and analyzes the process of constructing an actor‐network involving governments, technology development companies, and urban residents. It demonstrates the interactive network processes such as problem statement, interest alignment, recruitment, and mobilization. It explores the relationships among humans, humans and technology, and the self‐challenges faced by technology, such as digital ethics, machine ethics, and relational alienation. In the future, it is necessary to establish explainable, transparent, safe, and responsible AI in the development of smart cities, grant certain rights, and respect to nonhuman actors such as data, AI, and machines, and formulate a series of laws and ethical guidelines to ensure the sustainable development of smart city.
Fraction of Pore Pressure and Calculation of Earth Pressure for Saturated Cohesive Soils
Authors: Rong Xuening , Gao Lirong , Han Aimin , Ji Chaoling , Xu Riqing , Wu Jiaqi
Published: September 2024

Earth pressure for saturated cohesive soils is closely related to the effective stress expression. For cohesionless soils, previous research indicated that the fraction of pore pressure (factor η) in the effective stress expression is below unity at high pressures. However, for cohesive soils, reliable η‐value has not been reported. In this study, experimental data from direct shear and triaxial tests were analyzed in order to derive the η‐values of two cohesive soils. It was shown that η‐value of cohesive soils decreases significantly with increasing effective stress, and the values of η derived from different experiments were consistent with each other. The obtained values of η were applied to the calculations of lateral earth pressure. The lateral earth pressure based on real η was compared with the results of traditional methods, i.e., effective stress analysis (ESA) and total stress analysis (TSA). The traditional ESA was conservative because of the overestimation of active earth pressure. Such conservatism was more significant for high plasticity clay. Contrastingly, TSA results were risky for both of the two cohesive soils.
Figure 3 from A Drug Discovery Pipeline for MAPK/ERK Pathway Inhibitors in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Gorgoń Szymon , Billing Ola , Eriksson Anna U. , Hemmingsson Oskar
Published: September 2024

Readouts for toxicity and MAPK/ERK pathway inhibition from fluorescence-based scoring. Heatmaps showing means from three independent experiments for each drug and concentration. A, Putative toxicity measured as percent larvae at time of analysis. B, MAPK/ERK pathway inhibition as mean number of vulvae per adult worm. C, Assay screening performance, estimated by Z-factors. *Dabrafenib and vemurafenib were assayed up to 20 μmol/L instead of 50 μmol/L, which was nonpermissive for larval growth.
Table S2 from Estrogen Receptor Blockade Potentiates Immunotherapy for Liver Metastases by Altering the Liver Immunosuppressive Microenvironment
Authors: Benslimane Yasmine , Amalfi Kevin , Lapin Sara , Perrino Stephanie , Brodt Pnina
Published: September 2024

Flow cytometry antibodies.
Figure S3 from Estrogen Receptor Blockade Potentiates Immunotherapy for Liver Metastases by Altering the Liver Immunosuppressive Microenvironment
Authors: Benslimane Yasmine , Amalfi Kevin , Lapin Sara , Perrino Stephanie , Brodt Pnina
Published: September 2024

In situ hybridization by RNAscope controls. Shown in the top panels are the RNAscope positive and negative controls, shown in the bottom panels are the immunofluorescence staining for the CD3 antibody mouse IgG1 isotype control and the donkey anti-mouse AF488 secondary antibody alone.
Preclinical Evaluation of STI-8811, a Novel Antibody–Drug Conjugate Targeting BCMA for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Springer Aaron D. , Wang Rengang , Wang Jiawei , Du Qinyi , Pi Willie , Nguyen Austin Q. , Li Xiaoqing , Khasanov Alisher , Zhu Tong , Yan Zheng , Hong Yufeng , Zhou Heyue , Zhang Yanliang , Kerwin Lisa , Li Lingna , Ji Henry , Zhang Hong
Published: September 2024

Treatment for patients with multiple myeloma has experienced rapid development and improvement in recent years; however, patients continue to experience relapse, and multiple myeloma remains largely incurable. B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has been widely recognized as a promising target for treatment of multiple myeloma due to its exclusive expression in B-cell linage cells and its critical role in the growth and survival of malignant plasma cells. Here, we introduce STI-8811, a BCMA-targeting antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) linked to an auristatin-derived duostatin payload via an enzymatically cleavable peptide linker, using our proprietary C-lock technology. STI-8811 exhibits target-specific binding activity and rapid internalization, leading to G2/M cell-cycle arrest, caspase 3/7 activation, and apoptosis in BCMA-expressing tumor cells in vitro. Soluble BCMA (sBCMA) is shed by multiple myeloma cells into the blood and increases with disease progression, competing for ADC binding and reducing its efficacy. We report enhanced cytotoxic activity in the presence of high levels of sBCMA compared with a belantamab mafodotin biosimilar (J6M0-mcMMAF). STI-8811 demonstrated greater in vivo activity than J6M0-mcMMAF in solid and disseminated multiple myeloma models, including tumor models with low BCMA expression and/or in large solid tumors representing soft-tissue plasmacytomas. In cynomolgus monkeys, STI-8811 was well tolerated, with toxicities consistent with other BCMA-targeting ADCs with auristatin payloads in clinical studies. STI-8811 has the potential to outperform current clinical candidates with lower toxicity and higher activity under conditions found in patients with advanced disease.

Significance: STI-8811 is a BCMA-targeting ADC carrying a potent auristatin derivative. We report unique binding properties which maintain potent cytotoxic activity under sBCMA-high conditions that hinder the clinical efficacy of current BCMA-targeting ADC candidates. Beyond disseminated models of multiple myeloma, we observed efficacy in solid tumor models of plasmacytomas with low and heterogenous BCMA expressions at a magnitude and duration of response exceeding that of clinical comparators.
Clinical and Radiological Profile of Nine Patients with Metachromatic Leukodystrophy
Authors: Kasapkara Çiğdem Seher , Civelek Ürey Burcu , Bilginer Gürbüz Berrak , Küçükçongar Yavaş Aynur , Keçeli Avni Merter , Öncül Ümmühan , Gündüz Mehmet , Biberoğlu Gürsel , Çıtak Kurt Ayşegül Neşe , Gürkaş Esra , Kılıç Esra , Güleç Ceylan Gülay , Özbek Namık Yaşar
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare, demyelinating, autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease caused by a deficiency in the arylsulfatase A enzyme (ASA), which is encoded by ARSA gene. A lack of ASA activity results in an accumulation of sulfatides in the myelin sheaths of both the central and peripheral nervous systems, leading to developmental and neurocognitive progressive deterioration that can be observed in all age groups. Methods: We present a total of 9 patients with MLD with an average age of 61 months, whose clinical, laboratory and cranial magnetic resonance imaging findings were evaluated, and who underwent an ARSA gene molecular analysis. Results: Of the 9 patients, 7 had the late infantile form of the condition, 2 had the juvenile form, and 3 were identified through family screening. The median age at diagnosis was 30 months (min 3–max 73 months), the mean ASA activity value was 2 nmol/h/mgprt and the median cranial MR imaging severity score was 10 (min 5–max 18). The grey and white matter volumes of all patients, evaluated using volBrain software, were within the normal range. At an average age of 48 months, the late-infantile MLD patients were unable to control any body part. Conclusions: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), a treatment option for both the juvenile and adult forms of MLD in asymptomatic or early symptomatic patients, was performed on two of the asymptomatic and early symptomatic patients, and post-HSCT ASA activity settled within the normal range and their developmental milestones stabilized. It is important to diagnose MLD in the asymptomatic period and newborn screening can support early diagnosis.
EGFR plus MET Targeted Therapies for Overcoming Treatment Resistance in EGFR-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Martínez-Hernandez Maria F. , Lara-Mejía Luis , Izquierdo-Tolosa Carlos , Cabrera-Miranda Luis , Arrieta Oscar
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Oncogenic-addicted non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has emerged as the most prevalent form of lung cancer, presenting a dynamic landscape in treatment modalities. Among these, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant NSCLC remains the predominant oncogenic mutation, particularly prevalent in regions such as Asia and Latin America. Case Presentation: This case study highlights the experience of a woman diagnosed with EGFR-sensitive (del exon 19) mutant NSCLC who demonstrated an extended duration of response to third-generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy. Upon disease progression, detection of MET gene amplification prompted the addition of a selective MET inhibitor to the existing EGFR-TKI regimen, resulting in a complete response for the patient. Discussion: The molecular heterogeneity of this condition has significantly increased in complexity over recent years, marked by the identification of baseline co-alterations and development of a broad spectrum of resistance mechanisms post-EGFR-TKI therapy. This complexity poses a substantial challenge to clinicians. Despite the rapid advancement of targeted therapies and the implementation of treatment escalation through combination strategies, there remains an ongoing debate regarding which patients would benefit most from combination therapies, both in the initial treatment phase and in the setting of disease progression, particularly when off-target resistance mechanisms or co-alterations are identified.
АНАЛІЗ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ АНТИБАКТЕРІАЛЬНИХ ЗАСОБІВ У КОМПЛЕКСНОМУ ЛІКУВАННІ ХВОРИХ НА НЕГОСПІТАЛЬНУ ПНЕВМОНІЮ
Authors: Samohalska O. Ye. , Tiurina V. F. , Mandziy Z. P. , Markiv I. M. , Savitska I. I.
Published: September 2024

Мета роботи. Провести аналіз частоти призначення антибактеріальних препаратів різних груп пацієнтам із негоспітальною пневмонією (НП) в умовах стаціонару, а також клініко-фармакологічну оцінку терапії цими засобами.
Матеріали і методи. У роботі використано карти стаціонарних хворих на НП (J13-J15 за МКХ-10), які перебували на лікуванні в Тернопільській міській комунальній лікарні № 3 з 21 березня 2019 р. до 13 вересня 2023 р. Статистичну обробку одержаних даних проводили за допомогою електронних таблиць Excel версії XP.
Результати й обговорення. Результати ретроспективного аналізу карт стаціонарних хворих показали, що НП було діагностовано в 21 (51,22 %) чоловіка й у 20 (48,78 %) жінок. Вік хворих коливався від 34 до 95 років (середній вік (57,7+3,9) року). Найбільш частими симптомами були: кашель, підвищення температури, загальна слабість. 29 пацієнтів (70,73 %) мали різні супутні захворювання. Антибіотикотерапія хворих на НП включала лікування цефалоспоринами (препарат «Цефтріаксон» чи «Цефазолін»), яку отримували 30 (73,17 %) пацієнтів, фторхінолонами (засіб «Левофлоксацин») – 9 (21,95 %), комбінації пеніцилінів з інгібіторами бета-лактамази (препарат «Амоксицилін» чи «Клавуланова кислота») – 2 (4,88 %). Серед препаратів лідерами за призначенням були: «Цефтріаксон», «Цефазолін», «Левофлоксацин». Застосування антибактеріальних препаратів у хворих на НП мало позитивний вплив на суб’єктивний та об’єктивний стани пацієнтів. У всіх хворих зникли симптоми захворювання, нормалізувались лабораторні та інструментальні показники.
Висновки. Результати проведеного клініко-фармакологічного аналізу антибактеріальних препаратів у лікуванні хворих на НП, які застосовували у терапевтичному відділенні Тернопільської міської комунальної лікарні № 3, показали переважне застосування цефалоспоринів (73,17 %), позитивний вплив на клініку, лабораторні та інструментальні показники у всіх пацієнтів.
РИЗИКИ ТА ФАКТОРИ РИЗИКІВ НЕСПРИЯТЛИВИХ НАСЛІДКІВ ФАРМАКОТЕРАПІЇ У ГЕРІАТРИЧНИХ ПАЦІЄНТІВ
Authors: Zaychenko G. V. , Diachenko O. I.
Published: September 2024

Мета роботи. Провести аналіз захворювань у пацієнтів геріатричної когорти, їх причин, ризиків та факторів ризиків, що сприяють виникненню цих хвороб, впливають на процес лікування, а також на створення класифікації факторів ризику.
Матеріали і методи. У роботі використано бібліосемантичний, аналітичний методи, експертних оцінок, моделювання.
Результати й обговорення. Лікування геріатричних пацієнтів супроводжується низкою таких ризиків: значний рівень несприятливих наслідків застосування лікарських засобів (ЛЗ); зростання супутніх захворювань; інфікування; зростання смертності; зростання фінансових витрат на лікування та ведення геріатричних пацієнтів.
У результаті проведеного аналізу фактори ризику поділили на такі групи:
– зумовлені особливостями організму: старіння, фізіологічні зміни, фармакокінетичні та фармакодинамічні зміни ЛЗ, зменшення опірності;
– спричинені супутніми захворюваннями: полімобідність, ускладнення перебігу основного захворювання, зменшення ефективності його лікування, хронізація захворювань;
– зумовлені лікуванням: поліфармація, поліпрагмазія, часта антибіотикотерапія;
– зумовлені особливостями надання медичної допомоги: подовження термінів госпіталізації, особливості надання медичної допомоги, медичні помилки та проблеми, пов’язані з ліками.
Висновки. Лікування геріатричних пацієнтів супроводжується низкою ризиків. Пропонуємо ризики фармакотерапії геріатричних пацієнтів поділити на такі групи:
–         зростання несприятливих наслідків при застосуванні ЛЗ;
–         збільшення супутніх захворювань;
–         висока ймовірність інфікування;
–         зростання смертності;
–         збільшення фінансових ресурсів, які витрачають на купірування несприятливих наслідків лікування та ведення геріатричних пацієнтів.
Існують фактори ризику, що сприяють маніфестації ризиків лікування геріатричних пацієнтів. Вважаємо за доцільне усі виявлені фактори ризику фармакотерапії геріатричних пацієнтів поділити на чотири групи, згідно з причинами їх виникнення:
–         зумовлені особливостями організму пацієнта;       
–         спричинені супутніми захворюваннями;       
–         зумовлені лікуванням;        
–       спричинені особливостями надання медичної допомоги.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ ВПРОВАДЖЕННЯ Е-РЕЦЕПТУ НА РЕАЛІЗАЦІЮ АНТИБАКТЕРІАЛЬНИХ ЛІКАРСЬКИХ ЗАСОБІВ ДЛЯ СИСТЕМНОГО ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ З АПТЕК НА ПРИКЛАДІ ХЛОРАМФЕНІКОЛУ
Authors: Kotvitska A. A. , Volkova A. V. , Korzh Iu. V. , Sevriukov O. V. , Nozdrina A. A.
Published: September 2024

Мета роботи - аналіз впливу впровадження електронних рецептів на антибактеріальні лікарські засоби для системного застосування групи J01 на їх реалізацію з аптек на прикладі препаратів хлорамфеніколу.
Матеріали і методи. Матеріалами дослідження стали нормативно-правові акти з питань регулювання відпуску антибактеріальних засобів, а також дані управлінського обліку аптек, що входять до всеукраїнських аптечних мереж та розташовані у містах, селищах та селах всіх регіонів України. Використано методи контент-аналізу, ретроспективного та статистичного аналізу, графічні методи та узагальнення.
Результати й обговорення. Встановлено, що реалізація хлорамфеніколу у натуральному вимірі у 2022 р. була без суттєвих сезонних коливань, одночасно визначено, що у липні 2022 р., після анонсування МОЗ України про введення е-рецепту в рамках посилення контролю за обігом антибактеріальних засобів та висвітленню цієї новини у медіа, спостерігається суттєве збільшення реалізації хлорамфеніколу всіх виробників в усіх дозах. Крім того, у серпні 2022 р., після впровадження е-рецепту продажі хлорамфеніколу у натуральному виміру не тільки не зменшилися, але залишалися більшими, ніж у попередніх місяцях.
Аналіз показника середнього обсягу реалізації хлорамфеніколу у натуральному виміру однією аптекою протягом 2022-2023 рр. показав, що у березні та квітні 2023 р. обсяги реалізації хлорамфеніколу однією аптекою збільшилися на 81% та 22,73 % відповідно порівняно з 2022 р.
Висновки. За результатами аналізу визначено, що впровадження е-рецепту, як додаткового регулюючого механізму за обігом АБЛЗ для системного застосування, було малоефективним для препаратів хлорамфеніколу. Анонсування змін в організації рецептурного відпуску АБЛЗ для системного застосування призвело до спонтанного, клінічно необумовленого ажіотажного попиту серед населення на лікарські засоби даної групи, коли збільшується реалізація, в даному випадку хлорамфеніколу, яка не корелює з певним захворюванням, що підтверджено даними за минулі роки в той самий період.
ВИВЧЕННЯ ПРОТИЗАПАЛЬНОЇ ТА МЕМБРАНОСТАБІЛІЗУВАЛЬНОЇ АКТИВНОСТЕЙ ГЕЛЮ «ЖИВІТАН»
Authors: Maloshtan L. M. , Demchenko I. I. , Yudina Yu. V. , Hrubnyk I. M.
Published: September 2024

Мета роботи. Вивчення антиексудативної та мембранопротекторної активностей гелю «Живітан» та його складових.
Матеріали і методи. Дослідження проводили на статевозрілих щурах. В якості об’єкта вивчення було використано гель «Живітан» та його діючі речовини – екстракт каштану кінського та екстракт живокосту в профілактичному режимі. Протизапальну активність вивчали на моделі карагенінового набряку лапи у щурів. Мембранопротекторну активність вивчали на моделі спонтанного гемолізу еритроцитів.
Результати й обговорення. Результати показали, що гель «Живітан» виявив найбільш виражену антиексудативну активність наприкінці експерименту на 3–4 год. Діючи компоненти – екстракти каштану кінського та живокосту показали помірну антиексудативну активність. Гель «Траумель С» поступився за протизапальною активністю перед гелем «Живітан». За результатами мембранопротекторної активності найвираженішу дію проявили гель «Живітан» та екстракт живокосту. Гель «Траумель С» виявив помірну мембраностабілізувальну дію і поступився перед гелем «Живітан».
Висновки. Гель «Живітан» на основі діючих речовин – екстрактів кінського каштану та живокосту володіє антиексудативною активністю за рахунок здатності зменшувати карагеніновий набряк кінцівки у щурів та пригнічувати простагландин-кінінову систему. На моделі спонтанного гемолізу еритроцитів у щурів гель «Живітан» проявляє виражену мембранопротекторну дію. Гель «Живітан» за антиексудативною та мембранопротекторною активностями перевищує референтний препарат.
Auto-organização do jogo de basquetebol: flutuações do sistema e suas influências
Authors: Malachias Weslley Matheus , Barros João Antônio Volpini , Morbi Murilo dos Reis , Menezes Rafael Pombo , Morato Márcio Pereira
Published: September 2024

Due to the dynamism of events during matches, basketball can be understood as a complex and dynamic system. The objective was to understand the self-organization of the basketball game. All men's basketball matches of the Rio 2016 Olympic Games were analyzed. The analysis protocol was based on game action variables and classification of the end of each offensive process. The results demonstrate that finishing on target is the main attractor of the game, with 2 points as the main success indicator. The most relevant fluctuations are ratings without completion and 3+ points. The classification helped to understand the basketball self-organization and presents a possibility to analyze the basketball game.
A obtenção direta do VO2máx não é influenciada pela característica dos protocolos de teste de esforço máximo
Authors: Sá Filho Alberto Souza , Silva Thiago Albernaz , Sales Marcelo Magalhães , Oliveira-Silva Iransé , Agostinho Gilberto Reis , Machado Sérgio , Costa Gustavo de Conti Teixeira , Rubini Ercole da Cruz
Published: September 2024

The values of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) obtained indirectly are influenced by the characteristic or exercise protocol configuration. However, it is unclear in the literature if this prerogative is true when VO2max is measured directly. The objective was to compare the values of VO2max and maximal heart rate (HRmax) obtained through a maximum incremental protocol (Tmax) and a continuous time to exhaustion (TLim) protocol, based on the power of the VO2max. Twelve males cyclists (Age = 36,0 ± 9,3 years; height = 173,2 ± 5,9 cm; mass = 78,5 ± 10,7 kg), trained for regional proves of long distance participated in the study. A Tmax was performed on the cycle ergometer with increments of 22.5 W every minute, with an initial load of 157.5 W maintaining a standard rotation of 90 RPM. TLim was performed at the same rotation until exhaustion from the lowest occurrence power of VO2max (PVO2max). Student's t-test was used to compare the dependent variables (p≤0.05). There was no significant difference in the obtained values of VO2max and HRmax (TMax = 45.02 ± 7.21 ml · kg-1 · min-1 vs. TLim = 44.17 ± 7.21 ml · kg-1 · min-1) e (HRTmax = 182.9 ± 9.2 bpm vs. HRTLim =  181.3 ± 7.5 bpm), respectively, when compared both tests. The TLim on PVO2Max provided reliable values of VO2max and HRmax, and a shorter total test time performed, compared to a maximal incremental protocol.
Efeito agudo de uma sessão de body balance na amplitude de movimento articular de membros inferiores e na percepção subjetiva de esforço
Authors: Silva Josinaldo Jarbas da , Gomes Willy Andrade , Camargo Leandro Borelli de , Corrêa Daniel Alves , Lopes Charles Ricardo , Magalhães Roberto Aparecido , Vilela Junior Guanis de Barros , Marchetti Paulo Henrique
Published: September 2024

The aim of the study was to evaluate the body balance (BB) session in the passive range of motion of the ankle, knee, and hip joints and subjective perception of exertion (RPE). Thirteen men (age: 21±4 years and height: 176.5±4 cm) physically active and inexperienced with BB attended one session. The passive range of motion (ROMP) in the hip, knee and ankle joints was assessed before the BB session (PRE) followed by questioning about their subjective perception of exertion (PSE - PRE). The BB session lasting 45 minutes and self-selected intensity. After the BB session, the ADMP in the hip, knee and ankle joints in different conditions: immediately after (POST0), five minutes after (POST5), ten minutes after (POST10) and fifteen minutes after (POST15) was evaluated. After the 15 minutes of the BB session, the subjects were asked about their RPE during the session.The results showed that one BB session was enough to increase the ADMP of the ankle joints between conditions (PRE: 12.46°±1.43 vs AFT0: 17.23°±1.40; P=0.015 and PRE: 12.46°±1.43 vs AFTT5: 15.61°±1.29; P=0.034), and of the knee between the conditions: (PRE: 152°±2.30 vs AFT5: 159.07°±1 .73; P=0.045) for 10 minutes, but not for the hip. There was a significant increase between conditions: (PRE: 0.3±0.4 A.U. vs. AFT: 5.6±0.6 A.U., respectively, P=0.001) for RPE. It is concluded that a BB session increases RPE 15 minutes after and ADMP of the ankle and knee joints for up to 5 minutes after the session.
Alinhamento toraco-lombo-pélvico em adolescentes que frequentam aulas de balé clássico
Authors: Oliveira Viviane Maria Moraes de , Siqueira Gisela Rocha de , Schulze Nina Bretas Bittar , Silva Giselia Alves Pontes da
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to assess factors associated with altered thoraco-lumbo-pelvic alignment among adolescents who attend classical ballet class. 57 adolescents were distributed into a case group formed by student ballet dancers with altered thoraco-lumbo-pelvic alignment and a control group formed by student ballet dancers with neutral alignment. The adolescents were subjected to an anthropometric and postural evaluation (photographic record of posture in the lateral view analysed using the vector graphics editor software Corel Draw 3), abdominal muscle strength test and questionnaire. The practice of ballet through Royal Academy of Dancing (RAD) method was 10.47 times more likely to be associated with altered thoraco-lumbo-pelvic alignment than the practice through Vaganova method in adolescents, and muscle strengthening was 6.23 times more likely to be associated with altered alignment when controlling for the other study variables. RAD method combined with muscle strengthening was associated with altered thoraco-lumbo-pelvic alignments among adolescents who showed weak or normal abdominal muscle strength, performed another physical activity, danced ballet for five years or less, had a weekly training load over three hours and usually slept in the prone position. The practice of ballet by the RAD method, in addition to the practice of muscle strengthening, was a factor associated with altered thoraco-lumbar-pelvic alignment.
Escalando no estado de São Paulo: levantamento dos ginásios e dos praticantes
Authors: Pereira Dimitri Wuo , Silva Julia Maria Rosa da , Souto Maior Yasmin de Brito
Published: September 2024

The practice of sport climbing has been growing, especially in recent years, with the inclusion of this sport in the Olympic Games, showing greater adherence of the population, despite the need for investment to practice it. The present study surveyed and analyzed the spaces of this indoor practice in the state of Sao Paulo and the climbers who attend these spaces. The method used was exploratory descriptive research with the application of a questionnaire, whose sample consisted of 28 climbing spaces and 152 subjects, all climbers divided in 102 men and 50 women, all aged 18 years or older. As a result, it was possible to realize that the spaces are concerned in promoting the sport; with the practice guided by qualified professionals; provide events for socialization and dissemination of climbing; offer specific equipment and other activities to improve the technique and performance of climbers. Regarding to climbers it was observed that they use these spaces to prepare themselves for later climbing in natural environment; as well to health gains; they practice recreationally rather than competitively, preferring mainly the guided/top rope style and; they have in the psychological factor their greatest difficulty. It is possible to conclude that indoor climbing has expanded in the state of Sao Paulo, as well as the interest of practitioners in this practice, especially for women.
Online Personal Training in Patients With Marfan Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Study of Its Impact on Quality of Life and Physical Capacity
Authors: Jouini Steeve , Milleron Olivier , Eliahou Ludivine , Jondeau Guillaume , Vitiello Damien
Published: September 2024

Background

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a genetic disorder affecting the vascular and musculoskeletal systems. Limited knowledge exists regarding the exercise benefits for this population. This study aimed to explore the impact of a structured exercise program on the quality of life (QoL) and physical capabilities of patients with MFS.

Methods and Results

This was a randomized, controlled, parallel‐group trial. Patients with MFS were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either a training group or a control group. The trial included a 3‐month online supervised training program. Seventy patients with MFS were compared with healthy subjects. They were randomized into a training group (MFS‐T) and a control group (MFS‐C). The training consisted of 2 supervised online sessions weekly for 3 months. The primary outcome was QoL, assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study Short‐Form 36 questionnaire. Baseline QoL in all dimensions was lower in patients with MFS. Their peak oxygen uptake was 25% lower, and muscle elasticity was diminished compared with healthy subjects. Postintervention, significant improvements were observed in the MFS‐T group relative to the MFS‐C group: QoL (+20.2±14.3 versus +0.7±0.5), peak oxygen uptake (+34% versus +14%), muscle elasticity index (11.5±8.2 versus +1.2±1.7), reduced blood pressures during isometric squats (systolic −19±30 versus 0±6; diastolic −27±39 versus +2±15), and reduced pulse wave velocity at rest (−1.20±1.89 versus −0.40±1.61) and postexercise (−0.42±0.45 versus +0.08±0.48). The aortic diameter remained stable in both groups (MFS‐T−0.19±1.1 versus MFS‐C+0.11±0.78). After training, QoL remained lower in MFS‐T than in healthy subjects, but peak oxygen uptake, pulse wave velocity at rest, and postexercise were similar to those of healthy subjects.

Conclusions

The 3‐month online training program significantly enhanced QoL and cardiovascular/muscular metrics in patients with MFS without affecting aortic root diameter, suggesting its potential as part of a management strategy for MFS.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04553094.
Studies on the genus Sinochlora Tinkham, 1945 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae), I. Establishment of species groups and description of three new species
Authors: WU CHAO , LIU CHUN-XIANG
Published: September 2024

The genus Sinochlora Tinkham, 1945 is a diverse Phaneropterinae genus in the Oriental region. Previously, the genus included 16 species, distributed in East Asia region; most species are distributed in China. After examining numerous specimens of all known species of Sinochlora, we propose that the genus Sinochlora be divided into four species groups. We also describe three new species from Pan-Himalaya and Guangxi, China: S. dulongensis sp. nov., S. makuensis sp. nov. and S. latifolia sp. nov.. A key to the species group of Sinochlora, necessary illustrations and life images of Sinochlora species are presented. The distribution of the three new species is discussed and mapped.
Taxonomic Review of the Genus Didymocorypha Wood-Mason, 1877 (Mantodea: Eremiaphilidae) with description of a new species from India
Authors: KAMILA A. P. , SURESHAN P. M.
Published: September 2024

The genus Didymocorypha Wood-Mason, 1877 (Mantodea: Eremiaphilidae: Iridinae), distributed in the Oriental Region, is revised with data on morphology, ecology, distribution and life history. A new species, D. wayanadensis sp. nov., is described from three specimens from India. This new species is the first record of Didymocorypha from Kerala and Punjab states, India. A key to the world species of Didymocorypha is included.
Description of the final stadium larva of Cryptophaea vietnamensis (van Tol & Rozendaal, 1995) (Odonata: Euphaeidae) from Vietnam
Authors: PHAN QUOC TOAN , KEETAPITHCHAYAKUL TOSAPHOL SAETUNG
Published: September 2024

The final stadium larva of the Cryptophaea vietnamensis (van Tol & Rozendaal, 1995) from Vietnam is described and illustrated based on specimens reared to adulthood. This is the first record of a larva of the genus Cryptophaea Hämäläinen, 2003. The larvae of C. vietnamensis are seldom encountered, but where present they may co-occur with larvae of the genera Anisopleura Selys, 1853, Bayadera Selys, 1853, and Euphaea Selys, 1840. The larvae of Cryptophaea are very similar to those of Bayadera but can be separated from known larvae of that genus by the distal margin of the ligula being a pronounced bilobed structure and the spurs on outer margin of mandible being poorly developed.