bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical analysis of 116 children with Meckel’s diverticulum and review of the literature
Authors: Zhang TingTing , Zhang RuiYun , Cai Peng , Zhu Jie , Zhao HaoWei , Jiang YuLiang , Wang Qi , Zhu MengLei , Zhou XiaoGang , Hu FeiLong , Gu ZhiCheng , Zhu ZhenWei
Published: October 2023

Objective: We aimed to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics of pediatric Meckel’s diverticulum to improve the understanding and diagnosis of Meckel’s diverticulum in children.
Methods: The clinical data of 116 hospitalized children with Meckel’s diverticulum diagnosed by surgery in the Department of Pediatric Surgery, Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, between January 2017 and January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively.
Results: A total of 95 boys and 21 girls were included in this study, with a male-to-female ratio of 4.524:1. The observed clinical manifestations could be roughly divided into the following three categories: gastrointestinal bleeding in 68 cases (59%), intestinal obstruction in 35 cases (30%), and abdominal inflammation in 10 cases (9%). The positive rate of 99mTc-pertechnetate dynamic imaging (99TcmO4-ECT) was higher than that of abdominal ultrasound in all patients and patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. The sensitivity and specificity of 99TcmO4-ECT were 98% and 25%, respectively. The surgical methods of Meckel’s diverticulum are mainly divided into two types: either wedge resection of the diverticulum or resection of the diverticulum and adjacent bowel after laparoscopic or open exploration. The average distance between the diverticulum and ileocecal junction was 50.5 ± 18.2 cm, the average length of the diverticulum was 3.25 ± 1.6 cm, and the average width of the diverticulum was 1.52 ± 0.7 cm. According to the pathological examination results, the incidence of ectopic mucosal tissue in Meckel’s diverticulum in the gastrointestinal bleeding group was higher than that in the non-gastrointestinal bleeding group. The clinical symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding in children with Meckel’s diverticulum are related to the presence of ectopic mucosal tissue.
Conclusions: Gastrointestinal bleeding is the most common clinical manifestation of Meckel’s diverticulum in children, and it is closely related to the presence of ectopic mucosal tissue. 99TcmO4-ECT is an important imaging examination for the diagnosis of Meckel’s diverticulum. Once Meckel’s diverticulum is suspected, immediate surgical resection is advocated.
Exosomes derived from IFNγ-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells protect photoreceptors in RCS rats by restoring immune homeostasis through tsRNAs
Authors: A Luodan , Qu Linghui , He Juncai , Ge Lingling , Gao Hui , Huang Xiaona , You Tianjing , Gong Hong , Liang Qingle , Chen Siyu , Xie Jing , Xu Haiwei
Published: October 2023

Background Retinitis pigmentosa is a neurodegenerative disease with major pathologies of photoreceptor apoptosis and immune imbalance. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been approved for clinical application for treating various immune-related or neurodegenerative diseases. The objective of this research was to investigate the mechanisms underlying the safeguarding effects of MSC-derived exosomes in a retinal degenerative disease model.Results IFNγ-stimulated exosomes (IFNγ-Exos) secreted from MSCs were isolated, purified, and injected into the vitreous body of RCS rats on postnatal day (P) 21. Morphological and functional changes in the retina were examined at P28, P35, P42, and P49 in RCS rats. The mechanism was explored using high-throughput sequencing technology and confirmed in vitro. Treatment with IFNγ-Exo produced better protective effects on photoreceptors and improved visual function in RCS rats. IFNγ-Exo significantly suppressed the activated microglia and inhibited the inflammatory responses in the retina of RCS rats, which was also confirmed in the lipopolysaccharide-activated microglia cell line BV2. Furthermore, through tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA) sequencing, we found that IFNγ-Exos from MSCs contained higher levels of Other-1_17-tRNA-Phe-GAA-1-M3, Other-6_23-tRNA-Lys-TTT-3, and TRF-57:75-GLN-CGG-2-m2 than native exosomes, which mainly regulated inflammatory and immune-related pathways, including the mTOR signaling pathway and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance.Conclusion IFNγ stimulation enhanced the neuroprotective effects of MSC-derived exosomes on photoreceptors of the degenerative retina, which may be mediated by immunoregulatory tsRNAs acting on microglia.
Functional data geometric morphometrics with machine learning for craniodental shape classification in shrews
Authors: Pillay Aneesha Balachandran , Pathmanathan Dharini , Dabo-Niang Sophie , Abu Arpah , Omar Hasmahzaiti
Published: October 2023

This work proposes a functional data analysis (FDA) approach for morphometrics in classifying three shrew species (S. murinus, C. monticola and C. malayana) from Peninsular Malaysia. Functional data geometric morphometrics (FDGM) for 2D landmark data is introduced and its performance is compared with classical geometric morphometrics (GM). The FDGM approach converts 2D landmark data into continuous curves, which are then represented as linear combinations of basis functions. The landmark data was obtained from 90 crania of shrew specimens based on three craniodental views (dorsal, jaw, and lateral). Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied to both GM and FDGM methods to classify the three shrew species. This study also compared four machine learning approaches (naïve Bayes, support vector machine, random forest, and generalised linear models) using predicted PC scores obtained from both methods (combination of all three craniodental views and individual views). The analyses favoured FDGM and the dorsal view was the best view for distinguishing the three species. Overall, the generalised linear models (GLM) was the most accurate (95.4% accuracy) among the four classification models.
WGCNA and multiple machine learning methods identified SV2C and DENR as novel biomarkers for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Wu Jiecong , Wu Wenqi , Jiang Ping , Xu Yuhao , Yu Ming
Published: October 2023

In the past servel years, the incidence of Parkinson's disease has continued to rise globally, placing a heavy burden on patients and society. Nevertheless, diagnostic and therapeutic tools for the disease have not been completely optimized. Consequently, the current study concentrated on determining promising biomarkers in the brain tissues of Parkinson's disease individuals and performing functional analyses. In the present work, we aimed to determine the hub genes providing Diagnostic and therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease. GSE8397, GSE20292, GSE20163, GSE20164, and GSE49036 from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were analyzed. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and DEGs determined 42 intersecting genes. Subsequently, the genes SV2C and DENR were identified as biomarkers of Parkinson's disease with machine learning. Finally, functional analysis suggested that SV2C may be involved in dopamine vesicle transport. Immune infiltration analysis revealed remarkable differences between SV2C for multiple immune cells. DENR and SV2C expression was demonstrated in PD cell models and clinical human samples.. In conclusion, The SV2C and DENR genes in brain tissue are viable biomarkers and therapeutic targets for Parkinson's disease which can facilitate diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice.
Hotspots and frontiers in PSMA research for prostate cancer: a bibliometric and visualization analysis over the past 20 years
Authors: Zhang Hanfei , Liu Xiao , Xie Hangyu , Li Lin
Published: October 2023

Background: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted imaging and therapy have significantly changed the management of patients with prostate cancer (PCa) at different disease stages. This advancement has attracted the attention of scholars, leading to a prolific output of scholarly publications. This study comprehensively outlines the knowledge framework associated with PSMA-based diagnosis and treatment of PCa through the application of bibliometric analysis, and discusses the potential research trends and foci.
Methods: Articles and reviews related to PSMA for prostate cancer from 2003 to 2022 were retrieved from Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer, Citespace, and R-bibliometrix were primarily employed to execute and visually represent co-authorship, co-citation, and co-occurrence analysis of countries, institutions, authors, references and keywords in this field.
Results: A total of 3830 papers were included. The papers on the field of PSMA-based PCa therapy and imaging had been continuously increased since 2003, but the rate has slowed from 2020. The United States made the largest contribution in this field, in terms of publications 997 (26.03%), H-index (110) and total citations (53,167 times). We identified the most productive institution were Technical University of Munich, and Australian institutions had become very active in recent years. Journal of Nuclear Medicine was the most prominent journal in this field. Professors Matthias Eiber and Martin G Pomper made great achievements, while Ali Afshar-Oromieh was the most co-cited author. According to the result of keywords and topics analysis, “ga-68 labeled psma ligand”, “radiation dosimetry” and “HBED-CC” were major research areas in the near future, while "Extended pelvic lymph node dissection" was considered to be the future research foci.
Conclusions: The field of psma-based PCa therapy and imaging is in the stage of vigorous development and has a bright prospect. The United States and Germany have achieved outstanding results in this area, while Australia has recently developed rapidly. It is foreseeable that more research foci will be lied in the early detection of pelvic lymph nodes and the multimodal imaging-guided surgery.
Short Communications: Assessing morphological preservation of gastrointestinal helminths in ethanol versus formalin
Authors: Hass Joelle , Henriquez Megan C. , Churcher Jessica , Hamou Hadjira , Morales Suheidy Romero , Melin Amanda D.
Published: October 2023

The accurate identification of gastrointestinal parasites from animal feces is vital for understanding many aspects of host-parasite interactions. Copromicroscopic parasite identification is a longstanding, frequently used, and cost-effective method, but its efficacy depends on the storage medium of the samples. In this study we compare the preservation of parasite larvae and eggs in ethanol versus formalin-preserved fecal samples collected from a wild population of Costa Rican capuchin monkeys (Cebus imitator). Samples were collected, halved, and stored in either 10% formalin or 96% ethanol at ambient temperature, then screened for the presence of parasites using a modified Wisconsin sedimentation technique and microscopy. Parasites were morphologically identified and graded on their preservation using a rubric we developed. We identified more parasitic morphotypes in samples preserved in formalin but found no difference in counts of parasites per fecal gram between mediums. The two most prevalent genera of parasites, Filariopsis and Strongyloides, were found in similar numbers in the different mediums and while Filariopsis larvae were better preserved in formalin, strongyle eggs showed no difference in preservation between mediums. Parasites preserved in ethanol and formalin were morphologically identifiable in samples stored up to 2 years, highlighting the suitability of both mediums in morphological parasite identification. While formalin-preserved samples may not be suitable for subsequent genetic analyses, ethanol-preserved samples can be studied further using molecular methods. Future studies may build on our current understanding of parasite ecology by pairing morphological and molecular methods to explore taxonomic diversity and deepen our understanding of host-parasite relationships.
Short-term Results of arthroscopic arthrodesis of Ankle with excessive varus deformity by complete deltoid release technique
Authors: Khan Abdul Aleem , Zhang Kaibin , Li Yang , Jiang Yiqiu , Tao Tianqi , Gui Jianchao
Published: October 2023

Purpose
The objective of our study is to provide a better treatment option to patients with degenerative ankle deformities with varus of greater than 250 to achieve painless mobilization.
Methods
Our senior Surgeon performed arthroscopic fusion for varus ankle deformities of larger than 25 degrees in 64 of our patients. Prior to surgery, we managed our patients conservatively for a period of 6 months. Following surgery, we follow the patients for 6 up to 18 months. We used the curved curetteor and microfacture tool to release the deltoid ligament allowing us to fix larger degree of deformities. X-ray was used pre-operatively to assess the damage and deformity of the ankle and post operatively to assess the union during follow up. SPSS 17.0 windows software (Chicago,IL) was used for statistic to compare our group of patients with a groups of patients with ankle deformities of less than 25 0. The Wilcoxon Signed Rank (WSR) test was used for repeated measures. Categorical variables were compared using Fisher’s Exact (FE) test and the Mann–Whitney (MW) test was used to analyze pre-and postoperative AOFAS. We used the modified Mazur Grading System to evaluate the ankle union.
Results
The Union rate achieved in both Groups was ≥ 90%.
Conclusion
This technique is successful in treating varus ankle arthritis larger than 25 degrees.
Mass dependence of binding energy in three-nucleon system
Authors: Filikhin Igor , Kuzmichev Yury B. , Vlahovic Branislav
Published: October 2023

We consider the 3H nucleus within the AAA model that includes mass identical particles interacting through a phenomenological nuclear potential. We extend the three-nucleon Hamiltonian \(\beta{\widehat{{H}}}_{0}+{V}_{nucl.}\) using the parameter β = m0/m* that determines the variations m* of the averaged nucleon mass m0 = (mn + mP)/2. It was found that the 3H binding energy is a linear function of the mass m*/m0 when it changes within the ranges 0.9 < m* / m0 < 1.25. Thus, the relation between energy and mass is expressed by an analogy to the well-known formula E = mc2. This effect takes a place in small vicinity around the experimentally motivated value of the nucleon mass due to Taylor expanding the general relation E～1/m. The equivalent mass of a nucleon, defined by using this energy-mass dependence, can phenomenologically describe the effect of the proton/nucleon mass difference on 3N binding energy.
The role of cross-link in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures with pedicle screw fixation at fracture vertebrae—a finite element analysis
Authors: Pan Junpeng , Liu Fumin , Huang Ruipeng , Xu Shaoqing , Zhao Chengliang
Published: October 2023

Objective: To study the role of cross-link in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures (TLBF) with pedicle screw fixation at fracture vertebrae (PFFV), and to study the optimal placement of cross-link.
Methods: The thoracolumbar model of healthy volunteers was constructed by finite element analysis (FEA), and the TLBF model was established by osteotomy. The internal fixation methods of Through spinous process cross-link (ESPC), Excision spinous process cross-link (TSPC), and No cross-link (NC) were constructed, and three spinal models after internal fixation were removed after recovery also established. The displacement and range of motion (ROM) and the equivalent stress of pedicle screw and connecting rod were measured by simulating daily motions. Two independent sample t-test was used to compare the difference in displacement and ROM.
Results: The displacement and ROM of TSPC were the smallest, followed by ESPC, and NC was the largest. The displacement and ROM of TSPC were 20 % -30 % lower than NC in different motions, and those of ESPC were 10 % -20 % lower than NC in different motions. ESPC reduced the equivalent stress of pedicle screw of the vertebrae adjacent to the fracture vertebrae and increased the stress of connecting rod. After internal fixation was removed, the displacement and ROM of the excision spinous process spine in flexion and extension were greater than those of the intact spine.
Conclusion: Internal fixation with TSPC had higher stability and safety, and should be used in the treatment of TLBF with pedicle screw fixed at fracture vertebrae.
Liquid-liquid equilibria data and thermodynamic modeling for ternary system of mesityl oxide + diethoxymethane + water at 303.15, 313.15, 323.15 K under 101.325
Authors: li tao , Guo Hongyue , Li Qingsong , li Zhongtao
Published: October 2023

Liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) data for the ternary mixture of mesityl oxide + diethoxymethane + water were measured at 303.15, 313.15, 323.15 K under 101.325 kPa. The extraction ability of mesityl oxide for separating diethoxymethane from water was evaluated using distribution coefficients (D) and selectivity coefficients (S). The reliability of experimental data of the ternary mixture was validated by the Bachman and Hand method, in which the linear correlation (R2) ≥ 0.99. This experimental data were correlated with the NRTL and UNIQUAC thermodynamic model with all of the RMSD values below 0.47% meaning that the ternary system had satisfactory agreement at temperatures studied. Both models successfully correlated experimental data.
Can low-dose intravenous immunoglobulin be an alternative to high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of children with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ren Xiangge , Zhang Miaomiao , Zhang Xiaohan , Zhao Peidong , Zhai Wensheng
Published: October 2023

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is a first-line treatment for children with newly diagnosed immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Higher doses of IVIg are associated with a more insupportable financial burden to pediatric patients' families and may produce more adverse reactions. Whether low-dose IVIg (LD-IVIg) can replace high-dose IVIg (HD-IVIg) has yet to be established. We conducted a comprehensive literature search from the establishment of the database to May 1, 2023, and eventually included 22 RCTs and 3 cohort studies compared different dosages of IVIg. A total of 1989 patients were included, with 991 patients in the LD-IVIg group and 998 patients in the HD-IVIg group. Our results showed no significant differences between the two groups in the effective rate (LD-IVIg: 91% vs. HD-IVIg: 93%; RR: 0.99; 95%CI: 0.96–1.02) and the durable remission rate (LD-IVIg: 65% vs. HD-IVIg: 67%; RR: 0.97; 95༅CI: 0.89–1.07). Similar results were also found in the time of platelet counts (PC) starting to rise (MD: 0.01, 95%CI: -0.06–0.09), rising to normal (MD: 0.16, 95%CI: -0.03–0.35), and achieving hemostasis (MD: 0.11, 95%CI: -0.02–0.23) between the two groups. Subgroup analysis showed the effective rate of 0.6g/kg was equal to 1g/kg subgroup (91%) but higher than 0.8g/kg subgroup (82%), and a combination with glucocorticoid may contribute to effect enhancement (combined with glucocorticoid: 91% vs. IVIg alone: 86%) whether combined with dexamethasone (92%) or methylprednisolone (91%). Besides, the incidence rate of adverse reactions in the LD-IVIg group (3%) was significantly lower than the HD-IVIg group (6%) (RR: 0.61; 95༅CI: 0.38–0.98). So low-dose IVIg (≤ 1g/kg) is effective, safe, and economical, which can replace high-dose IVIg (2g/kg) as an initial treatment.
Diagnostic classification of autism spectrum disorder in the frequency domain using resting-state fMRI
Authors: haghighat hossein
Published: October 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with problems in social interactions, verbal and non-verbal communication, repetitive behaviors, and limited interests in a person. Considering the problems of diagnosing ASD using behavioral symptoms by experts, it seems necessary to propose computer-aided diagnosis systems (CADS) for ASD. We proposed an age-dependent CADS based on functional connectivity (FC) in the frequency domain for ASD using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI). Also, the features and classification accuracy obtained in the frequency and time domains were compared. First, preprocessing was performed on the rs-fMRI data. Then, group-independent component analysis (GICA) was used to obtain resting state networks (RSNs). This was followed by obtaining separate components of RSNs for each individual using dual regression. Then, coherence analysis was used to extract the features of FC in the frequency domain between RSNs. To consider the role of age in the classification process, three age groups of children, adolescents, and adults were considered, and feature selection for each age group was applied separately using an embedded approach, in which all WEKA classifiers were used simultaneously. Finally, classification accuracy was obtained for each age group. The proposed CADS was able to classify 95.23% in the children group, 88.1% in the adolescent group, and 92.8% in the adult group. In addition, the frequencies whose features obtained the most distinction in each age group were reported, which may play an effective role in diagnosing and monitoring the rehabilitation process in ASD.
Deltoid tuberosity index obtained by computed tomography versus radiography for measuring bone quality in proximal humeral fractures: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Labronici Pedro José , Pereira Lucas Fávero , Cabral Guilherme Guimarães , Magalhães Gabriela Sulz , Belangero William Dias , Pires Robinson Esteves , Silva Gustavo Waldolato , Dyer George S. M. , Giordano Vincenzo
Published: October 2023

Background
In cases of proximal humeral fractures, fracture severity and the patient’s osteoporotic condition should be assessed to achieve the best possible treatment outcomes. The Tingart measurement is commonly used to assess bone quality, but it can be problematic if the measurement area is affected by the fracture. Recently, the deltoid tuberosity index (DTI) has been developed as another index to evaluate bone quality. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of the DTI obtained by X-ray imaging with computed tomography (CT) in assessing bone quality for proximal humeral fractures.
Methods
Fifteen patients with proximal humeral fractures were included, and the images were assessed twice by two independent evaluators with an interval of 1 month between each assessment. According to DTI values measured by X-ray, values greater than 1.4 were considered positive for osteoporosis, while values less than or equal to 1.4 were considered negative. The inclusion criteria were patients over 18 years old with a proximal humeral fracture who underwent anteroposterior radiography and CT. Pathological fractures, pre-existing humeral fractures, and metabolic diseases were excluded.
Results
There was good agreement between the CT and X-ray measurements. However, there were significant differences between them, with the CT measure being higher than the X-ray measure in 46.7% of the evaluations. The best cut-off points for diagnosing osteoporosis were found to be the same for CT and DTI: 1.4. CT diagnosis had an accuracy of 73.3%, a sensitivity of 65.2%, and a specificity of 78.4% when compared to X-ray diagnosis. False-positive diagnoses were 14.3%, and false-negative diagnoses were 13.3%.
Conclusions
CT can be considered a good method for diagnosing osteoporosis in proximal humeral fractures. The findings of this study allow the surgeon to use the CT as a new tool to make the diagnosis of osteoporosis and to define the patient under risk for surgical procedure.
Safety and Efficacy of Botulinum toxin Toxin A combined with Radiofrequency Home- Device for Rejuvenation
Authors: Hai Su , Qin XiaoLei , Li Kai , Yao MeiJuan , Chen Meijiao , Wang Lin , Luo Yingqi
Published: October 2023

Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is confirmed to be effective and one of the most widely used cosmetic injection techniques for treating dynamic wrinkles. In principle, it has been proven to reduce wrinkles by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from presynaptic nerve endings, causing chemical denervation and resultant muscle paresis [1-3]. To maintain the effects continuously, continuous injections at regular intervals are required because the neuronal and muscular changes that occur after BoNT-A administration are completely reversible, and the duration of maintenance is limited [4]. Furthermore, it can only improve dynamic wrinkles, not wrinkles and lines that have already formed. In recent times, many studies have reported clinical benefits of radiofrequency (RF) home-use devices in reducing wrinkles on the skin by heating dermal tissue and firming collagen fibers[5-7]. These devices are highly suitable for daily skincare maintenance or for prolonging the duration of results after undergoing aesthetic procedures, with their safety and efficacy well-established [8, 9].In this study, we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of home-use RF device combined with botulinum toxin A treatment for periocular wrinkles.
Efficient Atrazine Degradation and Toxicity Assessment Using ZnO-Cerium Catalysts: A Path Towards Environmental Remediation
Authors: Cesar Pedro , Caetano Aline , Chagas Pricila , Lopes Paloma , Carvalho Iara
Published: October 2023

Atrazine, a widely used chlorinated pesticide, poses a significant threat to the environment due to its persistence and potential toxicity to non-target organisms. In this study, we investigated the efficiency of various catalysts in the photocatalytic degradation of atrazine and assessed the toxicity of the degradation products on the nematode Panagrellus redivivus. Our research aimed to shed light on the environmental fate of atrazine and the potential hazards associated with its degradation. We synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) catalysts doped with cerium (Ce) at different concentrations (ZnOCe1% and ZnOCe10%) and compared their performance to direct UV photolysis. The results demonstrated that ZnOCe1% and ZnOCe10% exhibited superior catalytic efficiency in degrading atrazine compared to pure ZnO and photolysis. The degradation of atrazine led to a reduction in mortality rates of P. redivivus to negligible levels, indicating a potential mitigation of toxicity. Furthermore, we evaluated the toxicity of atrazine and its degradation intermediates on P. redivivus. Interestingly, we found that the toxicity of atrazine followed a hump-shaped dose-response curve, suggesting that even low concentrations of atrazine can have significant adverse effects. Additionally, the formation of intermediates during photocatalysis produced varying toxic effects, with ZnO-mediated intermediates showing more pronounced toxicity, as evidenced by reduced body sizes and impaired behavior. These findings underscore the importance of understanding the dynamics of atrazine toxicity, the efficiency of catalysts in its degradation, and the potential hazards posed by degradation intermediates. Our study contributes to the broader field of environmental contamination and toxicology, highlighting the need for continued research on the fate and effects of atrazine in the environment.
Attosecond Core-Level Absorption Spectroscopy Reveals the Electronic and Nuclear Dynamics of Molecular Ring-Opening
Authors: Biegert Jens , Severino Stefano , Reduzzi Maurizio , Summers Adam , Sun Hung-Wei , Chien Ying-Hao , Ziems Karl Michael , Gräfe Stefanie
Published: October 2023

We show that attosecond core-level spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating molecular dynamics due to its combined attosecond temporal resolution and the broad coherent spectrum that allows deciphering the signatures of nuclear and electronic motion through their different energetic signatures. The method reveals the correlated real-time electronic and nuclear wave packet dynamics nonadiabatic transitions across conical intersections, identifies electronic and nuclear coherences, and registers symmetry changes directly in the x-ray absorption spectrum. We demonstrate the method's efficacy to unveil the entire time history of the ring-opening dynamics of furan. The investigation establishes attosecond core level spectroscopy as a potent method to investigate the real-time dynamics of photochemical reaction pathways in molecular systems.
Appropriate evaluation of rapid evolutionary responses to seasonal environmental variability in a wild Drosophila population
Authors: Ueno Takahisa , Takenoshita Akiko , Hamamichi Kaiya , Sato Mitsuhiko P. , Takahashi Yuma
Published: October 2023

Seasonal environmental change is one of the most rapid and striking environmental variables. Although relatively rapid adaptation to environmental changes over several years or several decades has been described in many taxa, rapid responses to seasonal environments are delicate, and therefore, the detection of the evolutionary responses requires sensitive methods. Here, we examined the evolutionary response to seasonal environmental changes in terms of thermal tolerance and morphological traits using Drosophila lutescens collected at the spring and autumn periods in a single location. We first demonstrated that flies in the two seasonal periods were almost genetically identical using double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing and analysis. With an experimental design that eliminated the effect of possible confounding environmental factors that influence thermal tolerance, we showed that the heat tolerance of D. lutescens was significantly higher in the autumn than in the spring. Furthermore, cold tolerance was slightly higher in the spring than in the autumn. Although wing length and thorax length did not change significantly between seasons, the ratio of wing length to thorax length changed significantly between them. These results indicate that seasonal environmental heterogeneity can induce evolution within a year. The present study demonstrates rapid evolutionary responses to environmental fluctuations.
Evaluation of neutralizing capacity of tixagevimab plus cilgavimab: a case-series study with comparison to a vaccinated population
Authors: Gillot Constant , Bayart Jean-Louis , Maloteau Vincent , Dogné Jean-Michel , Douxfils Jonathan , Favresse Julien
Published: October 2023

AZD7442 (150 mg of tixagevimab plus 150 mg cilgavimab) has been approved for the pre-exposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 and for the treatment of adults and adolescents with COVID-19 who do not require supplemental oxygen and who are at increased risk of severe COVID-19. In this study, two patients received AZD7442 for immunoprophylaxis. A cohort of subject who had received the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID‐19 vaccine has been included to compare strategies. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against several variants were measured (wild-type, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Omicron BA.5 and XBB.1.5). Binding antibodies have also been measured. NAbs T1/2 for AZD7442 was 8.1 days (95% CI: 5.1–19.5 days) and was 11.8 days (95% CI: 7.9–23.7 days) for the primo-vaccination cohort. The time to reach NAbs negativity was 108.3 days (95% CI: 66.9–130.7) for AZD7442 compared to 95.4 days (95% CI: 31.0–119.7 days) for primo-vaccination cohort. The time to reach NAbs negativity differs between variants with the maximum value obtained for the Alpha (i.e., 101.1 days (95% CI: 30.0–135.4 days)) and the minimum obtained for the Beta (i.e., 61.2 days (95% CI: 37.8–77.1 days)). Our results reinforces the need of reviewing the use of AZD7442 in relation to variant of concern and potentially adapting its administration schedule. AZD7442 could be indicated for short-term prophylaxis in frail patients who may be acutely exposed to SARS-CoV-2.
Molecular Junctions for Terahertz Switches and Detectors.
Authors: Hnid Imen , Yassin Ali , Arbouch Imane , Guérin David , Dyck Colin van , Sanginet Lionel , Lenfant Stéphane , Cornil Jérôme , Blanchard Philippe , Vuillaume Dominique
Published: October 2023

Molecular electronics targets tiny devices exploiting the electronic properties of the molecular orbitals, which can be tailored and controlled by the chemical structure/conformation of the molecules. Many functional devices have been experimentally demonstrated; however, these devices were operated in the low frequency domain (mainly, dc to MHz). This represents a serious limitation for electronic applications, albeit molecular devices working in the THz regime were theoretically predicted. Here, we experimentally demonstrate molecular THz switches at room temperature. The devices consist of self-assembled monolayers of molecules bearing two conjugated moieties coupled through a non-conjugated linker. These devices exhibit clear negative differential conductance behaviors (peaks in the current-voltage curves), as confirmed by ab initio simulations, which were reversibly suppressed under illumination with a 30 THz wave. We analyze how the THz switching behavior depends on the THz wave properties (power, frequency), and we benchmark that these molecular devices would outperform actual THz detectors.
Sentiment Analysis of Tweets Using Machine Learning
Authors: Rasalkar Prateek , Patel Prof.Javed , Velankar Vikram , Chordiya Naman
Published: October 2023

Twitter is social networking platform were users can post updates in form of tweets to friends/relatives, etc. It has grown to such an extent that it has a giant dataset of the so-referred to as sentiments. Sentiment analysis of twitter is the study of feelings, emotions based on the tweets. In this paper, we have introduced an approach based on Information Gain and object extraction method (most repeating words). In addition, we also propose a sentiment analysis model to classify the most repeated words is either positive or negative. Its goal is to more effectively study sentiment. This model excelled in accurately and effectively analysing emotions.[5]
Anionic Nanoplastic Contaminants Promote Parkinson’s Disease-Associated α-Synuclein Aggregation
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , Sokratian Arpine , Duda Addison , Xu Enquan , Stanhope Christina , Fu Amber , Strader Samuel , Li Huizhong , Yuan Yuan , Bobay Benjamin , Sipe Joana , Bai Ketty , Lundgaard Iben , Liu Na , Hernandez Belinda , Rickman Catherine Bowes , Miller Sara , West Andrew
Published: October 2023

Recent studies have identified increasing levels of nanoplastic pollution in the environment. Here we find that anionic nanoplastic contaminants potently precipitate the formation and propagation of α-synuclein protein fibrils through a high-affinity interaction with the amphipathic and non-amyloid component (NAC) domains in α-synuclein. Nanoplastics can internalize in neurons through clathrin-dependent endocytosis, causing a mild lysosomal impairment that slows the degradation of aggregated α-synuclein. In mice, nanoplastics combine with α-synuclein fibrils to exacerbate the spread of α-synuclein pathology across interconnected vulnerable brain regions, including the strong induction of α-synuclein inclusions in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. These results highlight a potential link for further exploration between nanoplastic pollution and α-synuclein aggregation associated with Parkinson’s disease and related dementias.
Diversity of sambal types in Indonesia
Authors: Rahmah L. L. , Ansori A. N. M.
Published: October 2023

Sambal is a processed chili paste with a spicy taste. The history of sambal begins with the arrival of chili seeds brought by the Portuguese in the 16th century, which was like a cultural renaissance of spicy foods. The methodology used for this research included analysis of food ethnographic literature, origin, function and types of sambal found in relevant articles and book chapters. The results show that the population with the highest consumption of sambal lives on the Sumatra Islands. There are two types of sambal preparation methods, namely slicing and mashing. Some chili sauces can be cooked or eaten raw. Sambal diversity is influenced by several factors, namely resources, geographical factors, history, and culture. Thus, sambal is considered to be an important contributor to food diversity in Indonesia because every local cuisine includes sambal and it is never left behind.
Technological adequacy of sugar beet products used in the food industry
Authors: Egorova M. I. , Puzanova L. N. , Mikhaleva I. S. , Vlasenko A. S.
Published: October 2023

Beet sugar production in Russia annually gives about 6 million tons of white sugar and 1.5 million tons of beet molasses, which must have technological adequacy, when used as raw materials. The purpose of the work was to substantiate the concept of technological adequacy of beet sugar production, its indicator markers and their threshold values, to assess the actual technological adequacy of white sugar and molasses, to verify the hypothesis about the relationship between individual indicators of white sugar and empirical knowledge about an increase in the content of micronutrients with a decrease in the category. The objects of the study were terminology related to the characteristics of food products and raw materials in terms of consumer expectations and indicators of their assessment. Technological adequacy was evaluated for 230 samples of white sugar and 134 samples of beet molasses. Indicator markers were determined according to standardized and known methods. Technological adequacy of white sugar and beet molasses is the compliance of their specific functional properties with the requirements of the production of a particular food product, in which they are raw ingredients. A measure of compliance is indicator markers in the form of physicochemical parameters of the composition. Indicators of white sugar for three food technologies and indicators of beet molasses for two technologies and storage were substantiated; their technological adequacy was assessed. Empirical knowledge about an increase in the content of micronutrients with a decrease in the category and the hypothesis about the relationship between individual indicators of white sugar were confirmed. It is shown that all white sugar of extra and TC1 categories has technological adequacy for the use in food production, while only 62% of TC2 sugar and some batches of beet molasses have the necessary technological suitability. The results obtained will be a tool for regulating the production of competitive products and developing a control scheme for the technological flow of sugar production.
Prospects for including edible insects into the food composition
Authors: Kuznetsova K. G. , Sitnov V. Yu. , Ryabukhin D. S.
Published: October 2023

The use of insects as an alternative protein source is considered a promising strategy for the agricultural development that facilitates solution to the problem of feeding the world’s population. Introduction of insects as a raw material resource into the existing food systems allows enriching products with valuable nutrients and improving their quality characteristics. The review aims at assessment of the world regulatory normative base, analysis of the risks linked with consumption of the new type of foods containing processed insects and determination of promising and profitable directions for sales markets. The paper considers Russian and European technical documentation related to food production and safety, presents traditional methods for processing of entomological biomass to produce semi-finished products from insects, shows specific features of enrichment of certain food products with insect meal and describes changes in the technological parameters improved as a result of these manipulations. Despite the world trend toward inclusion of alternative food resources into human diets, popularity of products from insects in Russia largely depends on public awareness about benefits and taste of such products, public confidence in their safety and support from the government and business. Among advantages of edible insects is their growing in the areas of compact settlement without specific requirements for volumes of land and water resources, as well as their ability to process secondary resources that are not used in human nutrition. However, to realize such an ambitious plan on revision of human food habits, more accurate and reliable studies of control methods and prevention of adulteration of products with insects are necessary.
Adiabatic deformations of quantum Hall droplets
Authors: Oblak Blagoje , Estienne Benoit
Published: October 2023

We consider area-preserving deformations of the plane, acting on electronic wave functions through “quantomorphisms” that change both the underlying metric and the confining potential. We show that adiabatic sequences of such transformations produce Berry phases that can be written in closed form in terms of the many-body current and density, even in the presence of interactions. For a large class of deformations that generalize squeezing and shearing, the leading piece of the phase is a super-extensive Aharonov-Bohm term (\propto N^2∝N2 for NN electrons) in the thermodynamic limit. Its gauge-invariant subleading partner only measures the current, whose dominant contribution to the phase stems from a jump at the edge in the limit of strong magnetic fields. This results in a finite Berry curvature per unit area, reminiscent of the Hall viscosity. We show that the latter is in fact included in our formalism, bypassing its standard derivation on a torus and suggesting realistic experimental setups for its observation in quantum simulators.
Non-invertible symmetry webs
Authors: Bhardwaj Lakshya , Bottini Lea E. , Schäfer-Nameki Sakura , Tiwari Apoorv
Published: October 2023

Non-invertible symmetries have by now seen numerous constructions in higher dimensional Quantum Field Theories (QFT). In this paper we provide an in depth study of gauging 0-form symmetries in the presence of non-invertible symmetries. The starting point of our analysis is a theory with GG 0-form symmetry, and we propose a description of sequential partial gaugings of sub-symmetries. The gauging implements the theta-symmetry defects of the companion paper [SciPost Phys. 15, 122 (2023)]. The resulting network of symmetry structures related by this gauging will be called a non-invertible symmetry web. Our formulation makes direct contact with fusion 2-categories, and we uncover numerous interesting structures such as symmetry fractionalization in this categorical setting. The complete symmetry web is derived for several groups GG, and we propose extensions to higher dimensions. The highlight of this analysis is the complete categorical symmetry web, including non-invertible symmetries, for 3d pure gauge theories with orthogonal gauge groups and its extension to arbitrary dimensions.
Skyrmion crystals in the triangular Kondo lattice model
Authors: Wang Zhentao , Batista Christian D.
Published: October 2023

We present a systematic study of the formation of skyrmion crystals in a triangular Kondo Lattice model for generic electron filling fractions. Our results indicate that the four-sublattice chiral antiferromagnetic ordering that was reported more than one decade ago can be understood as the dense limit of a sequence of skyrmion crystals whose lattice parameter is dictated by the Fermi wave-vector. This observation has important implications for the ongoing search of skyrmion crystals in metallic materials with localized magnetic moments.
STUDY OF A CONCRETE FORMULATION APPROACH WITH POZZOLANIC ADDITION BASED ON THE DREUX GORISSE METHOD: THE CASE OF MILLET POD ASH
Authors:   Laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics (LEMA)., Soglo Arsene , K. Doko Valery ,   Laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics (LEMA)., Ganmavo Boris ,   Laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics (LEMA)., C. Senouwa Boaz ,   Laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics (LEMA)., Vianou Antoine ,   Laboratory of Energetics and Applied Mechanics (LEMA).
Published: October 2023

Environmental issues have led construction researchers to work on reducing the amount of cement used in cement concrete, a material that is harmful to the environment because of its high CO2 emissions. Their approach has been to use concretes in which some of the cement is replaced by pozzolanic materials. In this case, the binder used in pozzolanic concrete is an equivalent binder (cement + pozzolan). The difficulty lies in mastering the behavior of the equivalent binder so that it can be integrated into one of the concrete formulation methods. The aim of this study was to investigate the behavior of the equivalent binder (cement+ millet pod ash) for integration into the DREUX-GORISSE concrete mix design method. To this end, the effect of millet bean ash on the binders strength class was studied, in order to adjust the quantity of water to maintain the desired workability. The absolute density of the millet husk ash is taken into account when determining the absolute volumes of the aggregates. After processing the results, the strength class of the equivalent binder is the product of the strength class of the cement and the pozzolanic activity index of the pozzolan used. The quantity of water required to achieve a given workability is the sum of the quantity of water required for workability in the case of cement alone and the product of the mass of pozzolan by a coefficient equal to 0.66.
POTENT ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTS OF TERMINALIA SUPERBA ENGL. AND DIELS (COMBRETACEAE) BARK EXTRACTS
Authors:   Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Non Transmissibles et le Cancer (UR-MNTC), Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquee, Ecole Polytechnique dAbomey-Calavi, Universite dAbomey-Calavi. 01BP 2009 Cotonou, Benin., E.E. Kougnimon Fifame , C. M. Medehouenou Thierry ,   Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Non Transmissibles et le Cancer (UR-MNTC), Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquee, Ecole Polytechnique dAbomey-Calavi, Universite dAbomey-Calavi. 01BP 2009 Cotonou, Benin., A.D.F. Migan Marcos ,   Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Non Transmissibles et le Cancer (UR-MNTC), Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquee, Ecole Polytechnique dAbomey-Calavi, Universite dAbomey-Calavi. 01BP 2009 Cotonou, Benin., D. Akpovi Casimir ,   Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Non Transmissibles et le Cancer (UR-MNTC), Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquee, Ecole Polytechnique dAbomey-Calavi, Universite dAbomey-Calavi. 01BP 2009 Cotonou, Benin., Loko Frederic ,   Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Non Transmissibles et le Cancer (UR-MNTC), Laboratoire de Recherche en Biologie Appliquee, Ecole Polytechnique dAbomey-Calavi, Universite dAbomey-Calavi. 01BP 2009 Cotonou, Benin.
Published: October 2023

Antibiotic misuse has caused widespread multi-resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. Our study investigates Terminalia superba (T. superba) extracts against Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL)-producing strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using broth microdilution (Mueller-Hinton, 106 CFU/mL). The extract concentrations ranged from 0.078 to 80 mg/mL. We evaluated T. superba extracts Î²-lactamase inhibition of nitrocefin hydrolysis, estimated inhibition percentages, and IC50 values for each extract. The double-disk test confirmed the presence of ESBLs in the strains, as all of them exhibited hydrolytic activity. The results indicated that the T. superba extracts displayed dose-dependent inhibitory effects on beta-lactamase. Among them, the hydro-ethanolic extract displayed potent inhibitory activity against Î²-lactamases produced by ESBL-E. coli (IC50 = 0.065 mg/mL), ESBL-K. pneumoniae (IC50 = 0.076 mg/mL), and ESBL-P. mirabilis (IC50 = 0.082 mg/mL). However, following the removal of tannins, the hydro-ethanolic extracts anti-Î²-lactamase activity was reduced. Our findings highlight the remarkable in vitro activity of T. superba extracts against ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, suggesting their potential clinical utility in addressing infections caused by these drug-resistant pathogens. The exploration of T. superba extracts as a possible source of effective anti-ESBL agents could contribute significantly to combating antibiotic resistance.