bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corneal collagen crosslinking in a child with keratoconus
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Markova E.Y. , Avakyants G.V. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

This clinical case describes medical history of the patient who came to the clinic with complaints of progressive decrease in visual acuity and intolerance of spectacle correction. In the following article all methods of diagnostic are fully described. We are also mentioning and discuss aspects of modern methods of diagnostic and treatment of keratoconus in children such as corneal collagen crosslinking. Key words: keratoconus, keratoconus in children, corneal collagen crosslinking.
Changes in the organ of vision in children and adults with confirmed COVID-19 and anti-epidemic measures
Authors:   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Brzheskiy V.V. , Konikova O.A. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Sadovnikova N.N. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, Efimova E.L. ,   St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic revealed several aspects of the problems directly related to the Ophthalmologists: damage to the eyes of patients with the SARS-CoV-2 virus; organization of medical work in a pandemic, including in a medical department redesigned to treat patients infected with SARS-CoV-2; side effects of personal protective equipment usage and anti-epidemic measures aimed to protect the organ of vision. Ocular manifestations were noted in 15–23% of children and 4–31% of adults with COVID-19. They were usually limited to acute conjunctivitis with «clear» discharge, hyperemia, edema and folliculosis of the conjunctiva, which reduced in 7–14 days without any treatment or on symptomatic therapy. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the tear and epithelium of the conjunctiva does not always correlated with the presence and severity of conjunctivitis and therefore had no clinical significance. There were also other problems associated with anti-epidemic measures (dry eye syndrome when wearing personal protective equipment, computer visual syndrome, etc.), which also requires attention of Ophthalmologists. Key words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, ocular manifestations in children and adults.
Transpupillary laser thermotherapy for retinoblastoma
Authors:   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Volodin D.P. , Kotova E.S. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chochaeva A.M. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kotelnikova A.V. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yarovoy A.A. ,   S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

The review article presents the literature data concerning the history of the use of thermotherapy in the treatment of intraocular tumors, in particular, retinoblastoma (Rb). The article describes the historical aspects of the use of transpupillary thermotherapy (TTT) and the possibility of using this method in the treatment of RB nowadays. The analysis of Russian and foreign publications on the main parameters of laser radiation and the multiplicity of TTT was carried out. The efficacy of TTT as an independent method of Rb treatment has been demonstrated. The frequency of the main complications of TTT in Rb is presented. Key words: ophthalmology, retinoblastoma, transpupillary thermotherapy, laser treatment, pediatric oncology.
Nörodejeneratif Hastalıklarda Umut Verici Bir Terapötik Hedef: Sestrin-2
Authors: BARAN Ahmet Hüsamettin
Published: October 2021

Alzheimer, Parkinson, Huntington ve amyotrofik lateral skleroz dâhil olmak üzere nörodejeneratif hastalıklar günümüz dünyasında giderek daha yaygın hale gelen, multifaktöriyel ve ilerleyici tipte hastalıklardır. Nörodejeneratif bozuklukların yaygın etiyolojilerinin başında yaşlanma, oksidatif stres ve mitokondriyal disfonksiyon gelmektedir. Nörodejeneratif hastalıkların tedavisinde kullanılan güncel ilaçlar hastanın yaşam kalitesini iyileştirse de hastalığın gelişimini ve ilerlemesini yavaşlatan veya önleyen bir tedavi henüz mevcut değildir. Bu ilaçların en büyük dezavantajı ise kronik kullanımlarında ciddi yan etkilerle karşılaşılmasıdır. Bu kapsamda yeni terapötik hedeflere yönelik uzun vadede yan etki profili düşük yeni ajanlara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Son zamanlarda gerçekleştirilen çalışmalarda, stresle indüklenebilir bir metabolik protein olan Sestrin-2’nin reaktif oksijen türlerini baskıladığı, metabolizma ve inflamasyonu düzenlediği ve genotoksisite ve oksidatif stres, mitokondriyal disfonksiyon, endoplazmik retikulum stresi ve hipoksi dâhil olmak üzere çeşitli zararlı uyaranlara karşı hücresel koruma sağladığı gösterilmiştir. Sestrin-2’nin düzenlenmesi ve sinyal mekanizmalarına ilişkin çığır açan araştırmalarla, potansiyel rolü ve konak yanıtındaki önemi konusundaki bilgilerimiz önemli derecede artmış olsa da Sestrin-2’nin nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda işlevleri için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, nörodejeneratif hastalıklarda önemli bir terapötik hedef olma potansiyeline sahip Sestrin-2’ye dikkat çekmek amacıyla literatürdeki bilgiler detaylı bir şekilde derlenmiştir.
Beitrag zum dielektrischen Verhalten des Öl-Papier-Isoliersystems unter Gleich- und Mischspannungsbelastung
Authors:   , Gabler Tobias
Published: October 2021

Converter transformers of HVDC transmission systems connect HVDC and HVAC systems. To ensure a reliable operation during the entire lifetime, their oil-paper-insulation system must be designed appropriately. An optimized dielectric design demands a fundamental understanding of the dielectric stresses as well as a reliable modeling of the insulation system both under operating voltages and under superimposed, transient overvoltages. Hence, in this work the dielectric behavior of the oil-paper-insulation system is investigated. Based on dielectric tests the investigations are performed under DC voltage stress and a composite voltage stress of a DC voltage in stationary conditions superimposed by a lightning impulse voltage. The comparison of numerical calculations using a charge-carrier-based approach according to Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) with breakdown experiments clarifies the dielectric stress of the oil-paper-insulation system. Furthermore, the comparison with results determined by the established, resistive-capacitive calculation models shows that it is mandatory to take the influence of the charge carrier accumulation into account. The presented results, which were obtained at oil-paper-insulated arrangements which represent the dielectic stress of real arrangements, show the influence of the charge carriers accumulating at interfaces or in the paper insulationon on the dielectric stress. The results confirm the calculations and the assumptions according to the charge-carrier-based model as well. Due to the charge carrier accumulation, the highest dielectric stress occurs in the mineral oil and not in the paper insulation. In contrast, the findings obtained assuming an ohmic conductivity would results in a higher dielectric stress of the oil-paperinsulated arrangements. Furthermore, polarity effects in homogeneous but asymmetrical, paper-insulated electrode arrangements or the influence of the surrounding oil in the test vessel demonstrate the effects of the charge carriers. Under composite voltage stresses it is also shown, that the applied superimposed voltage as well as the fast polarity reversal does not lead to a higher dielectric stress of the arrangements compared to the pure DC voltage stress. Commonly used calculation models would determine higher stresses due to the fast polarity reversal instead. Consequently, the applicability of the charge-carrier-based PNP calculation model is verified qualitatively in the presented investigations. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the simplified assumptions of the commonly used calculation models cannot simulate the dielectric stresses under DC voltage stress and under the investigated superimposed voltage stresses. Hence, the determination of the dielectric stresses of oil-paper-insulation systems under DC voltage stress according to the commonly used calculation models assuming an ohmic conductivity does not correspond to the current state of research.
Characterization of Impurities in Acarbose Hydrate by using LCMS/MS and NMR
Authors: Maruthi R  , Chandan R S  , Anand Kumar Tengli
Published: October 2021

An accurate and lively LC-MS/MS and NMR analytical methods have been developed for the recognition and characterization of key impurities in Acarbose. Acarbose is a diabetic medication used to treat Diabetes mellitus Type II and prediabetes in certain countries. Three unknown impurities were detected in Acarbose hydrate bulk drug substance using RP-HPLC method at RT 17.65 min, 18.4 min and 25.85 min. Such impurities have been separated by HPLC and are further characterized by the use of techniques LC-MS / MS and NMR. The C18 reverse phase column and Methanol and Ammonium Type analysis (80:20) have been conducted for the purpose of analysis. With an injection volume of 10 μL, the flow rate was maintained at 0,5mL / min. With binary gradient program, the separations were achieved and the column was kept at ambient temperature. The MS conditions adopted for this analysis with a scan range of m/z = 50 to 500 with a dwell time of 3 seconds. NMR was carried out using DMSO as solvent. Based on spectral data, the impurities have been characterized as IMP B, IMP D and IMP E.
Avaliação da precipitação estimada por sensor orbital no Pantanal Mato-Grossense
Authors: Schuartz Yngrid Nantes Henriques , Danelichen Victor Hugo de Morais , Pereira Osvaldo Alves , Da Silva Ramon Felipe Bicudo
Published: October 2021

Neste trabalho foi realizada uma análise comparativa entre dados de precipitação observados e dados de precipitação estimados pelo satélite TRMM, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficiência da precipitação estimada pelo sensor orbital em três sítios experimentais do bioma Pantanal mato-grossense localizadas próximas à Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural (RPPN) Sesc Pantanal, no município de Barão de Melgaço, considerada a maior reserva particular natural do Brasil, distante 160 km de Cuiabá, MT. Foram utilizados para o desenvolvimento do projeto, dados de precipitação de torres meteorológicas (pluviômetro) e o sensor orbital Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) produto 3B43. A avaliação dos dados foi realizada por meio de alguns indicadores: exatidão – índice de Willmott (d); erro quadrático médio (EQM), erro médio absoluto (EMA), coeficiente de correlação (r) e coeficiente de determinação (R2). Os resultados obtidos indicam a existência de boa correlação entre os dados de precipitação observados e do sensor TRMM. Tais resultados mostram a eficiência da utilização do satélite TRMM 3B43.Palavra-chave: Processamento de imagens, Satélites, Índices de vegetação.     Evaluation of precipitation estimated by an orbital sensor in the Pantanal Mato-Grossense A B S T R A C TIn this work a comparative analysis was carried out between observed precipitation data and precipitation data estimated by the TRMM satellite with the objective of evaluating the precipitation efficiency estimated by the orbital sensor at three experimental sites in the Pantanal biome of Mato Grosso located near the Private Reserve of the Natural Heritage (RPPN) Sesc Pantanal, in the municipality of Barão de Melgaço considered the largest private nature reserve in Brazil, 160 km away from Cuiabá, MT. Precipitation data from meteorological towers (pluviometer) and the orbital sensor Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) product 3B43 were used for the development of the project. Data evaluation was performed using some indicators: accuracy - Willmott index (d); mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), correlation coefficient (r) and determination coefficient (R2). The results obtained indicate the existence of a good correlation between the observed precipitation data and the TRMM sensor. These results show the efficiency of using the TRMM 3B43 satellite.Keywords: Image processing, Satellites, Vegetation indexes.
Análise morfométrica da microbacia hidrográfica do córrego João Moreira, São João da Ponte - MG
Authors: Barbosa Vanessa Veloso , Costa Luis Ricardo Fernandes da
Published: October 2021

O presente trabalho teve como objeto a micro bacia hidrográfica do Córrego João Moreira, localizada na zona rural do município de São João da Ponte, MG. Seu objetivo foi proceder à caracterização morfométrica dessa micro bacia, como contribuição às ações de recuperação ambiental do Projeto Meu Rio, planejadas pelo Instituto Grande Sertão. Por se tratar de uma micro bacia, com área menor que 10km², a análise morfométrica se tornou viável a partir de imagens aéreas obtidas com uso de VANTs - Veículos Aéreos Não Tripulados, também conhecidos como Drones. As imagens foram processadas em softwares especializados, gerando um ortomosaico de alta resolução, o que permitiu a aquisição dos parâmetros morfométricos selecionados, utilizando-se o programa ArcGis e fórmulas consagradas na literatura.      Morphometric analysis of the watershed of the João Moreira stream, São João da Ponte – MG A B S T R A C TThe present work had as object the micro hydrographic basin of the Córrego João Moreira, located in the rural area of the municipality of São João da Ponte, MG. Its objective was to proceed with the morphometric characterization of this micro basin, as a contribution to the environmental recovery actions of the Meu Rio Project, planned by the Grande Sertão Institute. As it is a micro basin, with an area smaller than 10km², the morphometric analysis became viable from aerial images obtained with the use of UAVs - Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, also known as Drones. The images were processed in specialized software, generating a high resolution orthoosaic, which allowed the acquisition of the selected morphometric parameters, using the ArcGis program and formulas established in the literature.Key words: morphometry, watershed, drones.
Escoamento em baixos níveis associado ao deficit de precipitação do verão 2019/2020 do município de Pelotas - RS
Authors: Moraes Santiago Maicon , Pitone Cardoso Iulli , Becker Nunes André
Published: October 2021

A ocorrência de deficit de precipitação pode provocar estiagem, acarretando prejuízos econômicos e desabastecimento para uma determinada região ou município. O estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) é atingido por diversos sistemas meteorológicos que influenciam em seus regimes de precipitação. No verão 2019/2020 foi observado uma brusca redução nos acumulados mensais de precipitação no município de Pelotas - RS, ocasionando problemas para seu abastecimento urbano, bem como impactando diretamente nas safras agrícolas. O principal transporte de umidade em grande escala é realizado pelo escoamento do vento em baixos níveis (850 hPa). Assim, este trabalho analisou, por meio de dados de reanálise do ERA5, se durante o período de dezembro de 2019 à março de 2020 ocorreu alguma alteração no escoamento climatológico que explique, mesmo que parcialmente, a anomalia negativa de precipitação. Observou-se que os quatro meses em estudo apresentaram alterações no escoamento em baixos níveis, que teve diminuída ou eliminada a sua componente de norte, o que acarretou em valores de umidade e água precipitável menores que o normal.       Flow at levels associated with the 2019/2020 summer precipitation deficit in the municipality of Pelotas - RS A B S T R A C TThe occurrence of rainfall deficit can cause drought, leading to economic losses and shortages for a given region or city. The State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, is reached by several meteorological systems that influence its precipitation rates. In the summer of 2019/2020 a sharp reduction of monthly precipitation rates in the municipality of Pelotas – RS was observed, causing problems for its urban water supply, as well as directly impacting agricultural crops. The main large scale transport of moisture is carried out by the low levels (850 hPa) wind flow. Thus, this study analyzed, using ERA5 reanalysis data, whether during the period from December 2019 to March 2020 there was any change in the climatological flow that explains, even partially, the negative precipitation anomaly. It was observed that these four months showed changes at low levels flow, presenting its northern component decreased or eliminated, leading to a decrease of the contribution of amazonian moisture, which resulted in lower than normal values of humidity and total column rain water.Keywords: Drought, ERA5, Rainfall Anomaly.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR CERITA RAKYAT EPOS BERBANTUAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL BERBASIS PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER PATRIOTIK UNTUK SMK KABUPATEN DEMAK
Authors: Fauziyah Ana , Asrofah Asrofah , Umaya Nazla Maharani
Published: October 2021

Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah: 1) Bagaimana kebutuhan awal siswa terhadap bahan ajar cerita rakyat epos berbantuan media audio visual berbasis pendidikan karakter patriotik untuk SMK di Kabupaten  Demak? 2). Bagaimana prototype bahan ajar cerita rakyat epos berbantuan media audio visual berbasis pendidikan karakter patriotik untuk SMK di Kabupaten Demak? Tujuan Penelitian adalah sebagai berikut: 1) Mendeskripsikan kebutuhan awal siswa terhadap bahan ajar cerita rakyat epos berbantuan media audio visual berbasis pendidikan karakter patriotik untuk SMK di Kabupaten Demak. 2) Mendeskripsikan prototype bahan ajar cerita rakyat epos berbantuan media audio visual berbasis pendidikan karakter patriotik untuk SMK di Kabupaten Demak.Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Reseach and Development oleh Borg dan Gall. Hasil penilaian validasi pakar ahli menunjukkan presentase keseluruhan yang didapat adalah 90% atau jika dikonversikan ke dalam kriteria atau kategori mendapat predikat sangat layak diujicobakan. Setelah divalidasi bahan ajar diujicobakan di sekolah uji coba dan mendapatkan penilaian guru bahasa Indonesia di dua sekolah tersebut didapatkan hasil yaitu kelayakan penyajian bahan ajar 98% sedangkan aspek penerapan aspek cerita rakyat epos mendapat nilai 100% atau jika dikonversikan ke dalam kriteria atau kategori mendapat predikat sangat layak.
Analisis dan Desain Software Jejaring Kata Menggunakan Graph Database
Authors: Musthofa Muhammad Rizal , Huda Bintang Miftaqul , Maulana Muhammad Zaim , Yaqin Muhammad Ainul
Published: October 2021

Jejaring kata atau wordnet merupakan representasi hubungan semantik berupa sinonim antar kata. Saat ini penelitian terkait wordnet berbahasa Indonesia masih begitu minim. Adapun wordnet berbahasa Indonesia yang ada, belum menggunakan graph database sehingga belum bisa menampilkan kemiripan antar kata secara visual. Oleh karena itu, masalah yang dirumuskan pada penelitian ini yaitu bagaimana mengembangkan software jejaring kata untuk menghitung kemiripan kata berabahasa Indonesia. Paper ini bertujuan untuk membuat software wordnet berbahasa Indonesia untuk menentukan tingkat kemiripan antar kata berbahasa Indonesia. Dengan Wordnet ini akan memudahkan proses pencarian nilai similaritas pada suatu kata. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengembangan aplikasi ini menggunakan metode waterfall model yang terdiri dari tahap requirement, desain, implementasi, verifikasi, dan maintenance. Aplikasi ini terdiri atas struktur dataset kata berbahasa Indonesia berbentuk graph database Neo4J yang digunakan dalam pencarian kemiripan antar dua kata. Proses pencarian nilai similaritas dalam aplikasi ini menggunakan metode path similarity sehingga diperolah nilai kemiripan dari dua kata yang diinputkan ke dalam sistem. Adapun penelitian ini hanya menggunakan dataset kata berbahasa Indonesia dan memiliki jumlah dataset yang masih terbatas. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam pengembangan software jejaring kata berbahasa Indonesia menggunakan graph database. Hasil penelitian yang didapat berupa software jejaring kata untuk menghitung kamiripan kata menggunakan graph database. Dengan adanya pengembangan software tersebut, mampu menyelesaikan permasalahan seputar perhitungan kemiripan kata.
K-Means Clustering Untuk Segmentasi Produk Berdasarkan Analisis Recency, Frequency, Monetary (RFM) Pada Data Transaksi Penjualan
Authors: Fithriyah Maulidah , Yaqin Muhammad Ainul , Zaman Syahiduz
Published: October 2021

Pada bisnis online maupun clustering seringkali ditemukan kendala pada proses pengelolaan stok produk. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan adanya strategi yang tepat untuk mengetahui kebutuhan dan permintaan pelanggan pada suatu produk. Salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan segementasi produk yang memiliki karakter berbeda sehingga dapat memudahkan pemilik bisnis untuk mengetahui produk yang banyak diminati clustering, meminimalisir kekurangan maupun kelebihan stok, dan pemenuhan permintaan clustering dapat disiapkan tepat waktu .  Pada penelitian ini variabel dari model RFM digunakan dalam analisis data transaksi produk untuk mendapatkan nilai indeks dari masing-masing produk. Semua data produk yang ada dalam data transaksi produk di kelompokkan menggunakan algoritma k-means clustering berdasarkan nilai indeksnya. Proses clustering dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali dengan jumlah cluster 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan jumlah cluster yang paling optimal dalam mengelompokkan data produk yang ada. Selanjutnya, hasil masing–masing proses clustering dievaluasi dengan menggunakan rumus silhoutte untuk mengetahui kualitas dari hasil clustering. Dari hasil pengujian didapatkan nilai silhoutte tertinggi adalah 0,4314  pada clustering ke 2 dengan jumlah 3 cluster. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan 3 kelompok produk dengan karakter yang berbeda. C1 berupa kelompok produk dengan nilai recency, recency, dan recency paling baik. Pada C2 berisi kelompok produk yang memiliki nilai recency, recency, dan nilai recency paling buruk.  Pada C3 berisi kelompok produk yang memiliki nilai recency, recency, dan recency yang cukup baik
Rancang Bangun Pengaman Motor Honda Beat Menggunakan Sistem Arduino Uno
Authors: Sunaryatin Heri , Rikarda Willy Artika , Mualim Imam
Published: October 2021

Kemajuan teknologi saat ini sangatlah pesat. Masyarakat luas menggunakan kendaraan sepeda motor untuk memudahkan akses ke berbagai tempat. Namun, maraknya pencurian dan pembegalan  yang terjadi pada sepeda motor khususnya Sepeda Motor Merk Honda Beat membuat banyak orang berusaha untuk lebih meningkatkan sistem keamanan sepeda motor tersebut,  baik menggunakan alat-alat pengaman, Untuk mengurangi hal-hal yang tidak kita inginkan kunci kontak sepeda motor diganti dengan kartu.yang di atur dan mempunyai kode khusus,yaitu Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode Riset and Development  yang bertujuan menghasilkan produk tertentudan menguji keefektifan produk tersebut. Metode ini diterapkan pada prosedur penelitian dalam 7 tahapan yaitu : (1) mulai, (2) analisa kebutuhan, (3) perencanaan dan perancangan, (4) analisa kebutuhan sistem, (5) pengujian alat, (6)  analisa data (7) membuat laporan. Kunci Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) juga menggunakan kartu tag ID sebagai kartu  identitas atau pengenal ketika hendak menghidupkan atau mematikan mesin sepeda motor Honda Beat. Kinerja kartu ini juga didukung oleh microcontroller Arduino Uno dan relay. Dalam perancangan alat ini, kami menghubungkan kabel-kabel  terdiri dari hardware Arduino Uno, RFID reader, Relay dan saklar O/I dengan sistem kelistrikan sepeda motor Honda Beat. Untuk penggunaan alat ini, dilakukan dengan tiga tahap (scan) untuk  menghidupkan dan  mematikan mesin sepeda motor. Scan pertama, untuk memposisi ON kan kelistrikan sepeda motor. Scan kedua, untuk menghidupkan mesin sepeda motor. Scan ketiga, untuk mematikan mesin sepeda motor.
Implementasi Model Spiral Untuk Pengembangan E-Learning Berbasis Moodle Di Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar
Authors: Umam Faizin Choirul , Fauzan Abd. Charis , Putra Fatra Nonggala
Published: October 2021

Saat ini Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar masih menggunakan model perkuliahan secara tatap muka, dengan adanya pandemi semua Dosen dituntut untuk melakukan perkuliahan secara Daring (Online) . Selama ini para dosen menggunakan aplikasi yang sudah ada seperti Google Class Room, Google Meet, Edmodo, Zoom untuk perkuliahan online. Dengan perbedaan setiap aplikasi yang digunakan tentunya akan menyulitkan berbagai pihak terutama dalam perekapan nilai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah bisa mengimplementasikan model spiral untuk pengembangan e-learning berbasis moodle di Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data mahasiswa ilmu komputer. Dalam pengembangan ini menggunakan model spiral, model spiral menunjukan bahwa semakin besar iterasi maka semakin lengkap versi perangkat lunaknya.  Dari awal lintasan, ada masalah terhadap kebutuhan pada objektif, alternatif dan batasan serta resiko, maka dibuat prototipe pada engineering  untuk memecahkan masalah dan memperbaiki kebutuhan setelah itu customer mengevaluasi hasil engineering lalu mengusulkan perbaikan. Berdasarkan evaluasi dari customer, langkah selanjutnya adalah menganalisis resiko. setelah itu diputuskan jika resiko tidak terlalu besar maka proyek bisa di lanjutkan dan sebaliknya jika resiko terlalu besar maka proyek dapat dihentikan.  Untuk mengetahui hasil dari penelitian ini maka dibuat kuesioner evaluasi pelanggan. Dari 52 responden total skor likert adalah 3686 dan indeksnya adalah 82,6 % Setelah didapat nilai indeks nya maka dapat disimpulkan e-learning ini sangat layak diterapkan  sebagai alternatif model pembelajaran di Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Blitar.
Yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğretiminde teknoloji destekli akran öğretiminin konuşma kaygısına etkisi
Authors: İNCE Bekir
Published: October 2021

İletişimin iki temel boyutu vardır: Anlama ve anlatma. Dil konuşurları açısından her iki boyutun da farklı farklı zorlukları bulunmaktadır. Ancak bir dili yabancı dil olarak öğrenen bireyler açısından bakıldığında iki boyut içerisinde özellikle ifade etme becerilerinin belirli bir zorluk içerdiği söylenebilir. Bilhassa konuşma becerisinin öğrenciler açısından önemli bir kaygı kaynağı olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada yabancı dil olarak Türkçe öğrenen bireylerin ana dili konuşuru olan akranları ile teknoloji destekli etkileşime girmelerinin konuşma kaygılarına etkisi araştırılmıştır. Tarama modelinde betimsel nitelikli bu çalışmada veri toplama tekniklerinden sormaca tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bu bağlamda 5’li likert ile 10 soruluk bir sormaca hazırlanmıştır. Çalışma ile Sakarya Üniversitesi TÖMER’de öğrenim gören 56 öğrenci ile Sakarya Üniversitesi Türkçe Öğretmenliği bölümünde yabancı dil olarak Türkçe dersini alan 56 Türkçe öğretmeni adayının teknoloji destekli akran öğretimi modeli ile bir araya gelmeleri sağlanarak bu modelin Türkçe öğrenen yabancıların konuşma kaygılarında nasıl bir etkisi olduğu araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, Türkçe öğrenen yabancılarda teknoloji destekli akran öğretiminin konuşma kaygısı üzerinde olumlu etkisi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Nitekim öğrenicilerin büyük çoğunluğu daha önce yoğun olarak yaşadıkları bazı konuşma kaygılarında nispi azalma olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir.
Entheseal Changes: Benefits, Limitations and Applications in Bioarchaeology
Authors: Sick Jess
Published: October 2021

Reconstructing physical activities in ancient humans has long been pursued in bioarchaeology to understand our history and development. Entheseal changes (EC)––variations to muscle, tendon, and ligament attachment sites on bone––have been used in bioarchaeology since the 1980s to reconstruct activities in past populations such as changes in mobility, subsistence strategy, and gendered division of labour. EC research is based on bone functional adaptation, where bone responds to mechanical stress on entheses through bone formation or destruction in varying degrees of expression. However, the relationship between EC and activity is more complex than simple cause-and-effect, as it involves multiple confounding variables, which can affect EC morphology. This article addresses the use of EC research in bioarchaeology through two parts: Part 1 defines entheses and EC, including observational and quantitative methods developed in bioarchaeology to study EC. Part 2 will summarize the main known factors that influence EC beyond activity such as age, sex, and body size. The article concludes with a discussion of varying benefits and limitations to EC research in bioarchaeology including the use of archaeological samples, historical collections, and animal experimental models. Overall, EC research can be difficult to link with activity due to its multifactorial etiology, challenges of efficacy in developing methods, and limitations of working with human remains. However, recent studies are showing more positive results, demonstrating the usefulness of EC as a way to reconstruct activity.
Coexistence of common gallstones and sinusoidal obstruction syndrome: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Furkan Karahan , Nihan Acar , Arzu Avcı , Osman Nuri Dilek
Published: October 2021

Purpose: The sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS) of the liver is an obliterative vasculitis that involves the terminal branches of the hepatic venules and sinusoids. When it is not treated, it will be a serious risk of mortality. Here, we aim to present our patient who has been associated with recurrent cholangitis attacks due to cholelithiasis and choledocholithiasis and is associated with sinusoidal obstruction syndrome with the literature. Description of the case: A 30 years old male patient had complaints of abdominal pain and nausea for a long time. The patient had a history of choledocholithiasis and cholangitis attacks. Although ERCP was performed and a stent was placed in the biliary tract, his jaundice did not disappear. Liver function tests were high. Tumor markers were negative. Methods: We could not make a definitive diagnosis with imaging methods and biopsy and we planned surgery. We performed segmental liver resection and biliary diversion in the surgery. Histopathological examination of the resected liver tissue was compatible with SOS. Conclusion: Many studies have been done on the etiology of SOS and different causes have been revealed. Accompanied with clinical findings, a definitive diagnosis is made with the exclusion of the presumptions considered. Surgery can be performed for both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. If patients with elevated liver function tests and bilirubin have long-term abdominal pain, SOS should be bear in mind.
Fungal diversity in selected coastal mangrove ecosystems in East Berbice Corentyne, Guyana, South America
Authors: Wazim R Sharif  , Phillip NB Da Silva
Published: October 2021

There is limited data on the fungal diversity in mangrove ecosystems in Guyana. This study investigated fungal diversity during the dry season in three selected coastal mangrove ecosystems along the Corentyne Coast of East Berbice, Guyana. Sampling was conducted within randomly established 50 m x 50 m plots containing 20 mini transects of length 12.5 m x 10 m in the overwash mangrove ecosystem at each of six study sites within the three study locations. Samples retrieved from the study plots included leaf, bark, soil and fruiting bodies. These were placed into separate bags and labelled appropriately. Environmental parameters were recorded at each study plot. Fruiting bodies were used to identify macrofungal species, and the leaf, bark and soil were used to prepare cultures from which microfungal samples were identified. The species that were identified were used to compile a checklist of fungal species, and diversity indices were calculated. A total of thirty (30) species were recorded, nine (9) of which were microfungi identified from the cultured samples and twenty-one (21) species were identified from macrofungal fruiting bodies retrieved at the study sites. The results further revealed that an increase in pH and salinity and a decrease in temperature resulted in an increase in species richness. Tidal activity also appeared to reduce species richness. Aspergillus, Rhizopus and Trichoderma were the dominant species at the three study sites with high relative species abundance. There also appeared to be some instances of substrate specificity.
Correlation between enhancing stresses and trends of self-medication among young girls in Chandigarh
Authors: Ankush Wats  , Maansi  , Meenu Wats
Published: October 2021

Chandigarh, a U.T., is an educational hub in North India having all types of professional and non-professional institutions invites recurring gush of students from all its adjoining states and countries. The city with its two satellite towns hosts many universities, more than two dozen of colleges and numerous other training institutions. The city has witnessed an exponential growth of native and migrant female’s population in the past 2-3 decades. Majority of these female have been found to be the first generation migrants from their native places. This fair sex population was found subjected to multi-factorial distresses which manifest in the form of varied types of health issues that push them to get trapped in the vicious cycle of self-medication. The present study was an outcome of personal interactions, group interactions and collection of data through questionnaires from 150 young females comprising of undergraduate and postgraduate students and young employees (50 each). The results were presented in the form of percentages within their respective group and amongst total respondents. The study revealed the prevalence of maximum distress (>85%) amongst young professionals or early age employees followed by final year P.G. students (>60%) and UG students (>50%). Prevalence of self-medication has also been found in parallel lines with the stress levels of the respondents. [Professionals (82.6%) > P.G. (69.7%) >UG (42.8%)]. The most commonly used drugs by them were belonging to various categories like analgesic, antipyretics, antibiotics, weight reduction formulations, dermatological applications, anti-anxiety drugs etc. The results projected that such an indiscriminate use of these drugs is a matter of social, medical and economic concerns. Present study also purposes some of the suggestive measures to check this menace.
Seed quality indicators of winter bread wheat accessions depending on the grain size
Authors: Skrypnyk O. O. , Leonov O. Yu. , Shyianova T. P. , Suvorova K. Yu. , Usova Z. V.
Published: October 2021

Purpose and objectives. To evaluate the effect of sorting seeds by size on their quality indicators: germination energy, laboratory germinability and 1000-grain weight.

Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out in the experimental field of the Plant Production Institute named after V.Ya. Yuriev of NAAS in accordance with the field experimentation method in 2016–2018; 26 winter bread wheat lines and varieties were studied. The varieties and lines were grown in variety trial experiments; the plot area was 10 m2. Seeds were separated on sieves of a laboratory separator RLU-3; the 1000-grain weight was measured; the laboratory germinability and germination energy were determined.

Results and discussion. When winter bread wheat seeds are sorted on sieves, they are separated into fractions with various 1000-grain weights. The separated fractions of winter wheat seeds have different sowing qualities. The 2.5 x 20 mm seeds and 2.8 x 20 mm seeds are of the best quality (germination energy, germinability). It was found that in 2016–2018, the germination energy, laboratory germinability and 1000-gain weight changed depending on the growing conditions. They were the highest in 2017. The varieties with a high 1000-grain weight have been identified: Doskonala, Pryvablyva, Smuhlianka, and Haiok. The highest germination energy and germinability were intrinsic to varieties Yednist, Harmonika and Bunchuk. Yednist (93.3%), Harmonika (94.3%), Metelytsia Kharkivska (94.5%), Bunchuk (94.7%), Alians (93.3%), Podolianka (92.5%), Patriotka (93.6%), Zapashna (93.3%), Dyvo (93.7%), Doskonala (93.6%), Krasa Laniv (94.0%), Smuhlianka (93.1%), and Erythrospermum 408-13 (93.7%) had a high germinability of small seeds (2.2 x 20 mm). To clean these varieties, especially in years with low seed yields, it is recommended to use seeds of the standard size (2.2–2.5 x 20 mm).

Conclusions. The relationships between the grain size and sowing qualities of seeds have been established. Separation of seeds is an effective technological method allowing for selection of top-quality seeds
Allium longicuspis Regel в условиях Башкирского Предуралья
Authors: Тухватуллина Л. А.
Published: October 2021

Приведены результаты изучения Allium longicuspis: фенология, морфометрия, продуктивность плодов, особенности размножения. Дана оценка успешности и перспективности вида в культуре. A. longicuspis является дикой расой культурного чеснока (A. sativum). По срокам цветения — среднецветущий лук. По характеру вегетации A. longicuspis — коротковегетирующий, летнезеленый вид. Период от отрастания до созревания плодов составляет в среднем 110 дней. Высота стебля — 106,4 ± 3,16 см, толщина — 0,8 ± 0,04 см; длина листа — 29,7 ± 4,19 см, ширина — 1,78 ± 0,08 см; диаметр соцветия — 4,8 ± 0,21 см. В соцветии образуется 260,8 ± 13,28 шт. воздушных луковичек длиной 1,1 ± 0,07 см, шириной 0,6 ± 0,04 см. Масса бульбочек 1 соцветия — 17,1 ± 0,65 г, 1000 бульбочек — 68,9 ± 0,99 г. Коэффициент (естественного) вегетативного размножения равен 2,5 – 3. Рекомендуется как пищевое (витаминное) и редкое растение для выращивания в Южно-Уральском регионе в целом.
Содержание почвы в интенсивных садах
Authors: Хамурзаев Салман Магомедович , Мадаев А. А.
Published: October 2021

Важную роль в повышении плодородия в садах играют эффективные системы содержания почвы. Они способствуют равномерному распределению органического вещества по всему почвенному профилю. При этом улучшается эффективное и потенциальное плодородие почвы. Работу проводили в плодоносящем яблоневом саду предгорной зоны Чечни с 2015 г. на сортах Голден Делишес и Гренни Смит, привитых на М-9. Результаты показали, что в садах яблони интенсивного типа наиболее эффективной системой содержания почвы является дерново-перегнойная или паро-сидеральная с обработкой приствольных полос по методу гербицидного пара.
Относительная важность злаковых и зернобобовых культур как для Великобритании, так и других стран мира
Authors: Шаванов Муса Вахаевич , Сукманова Нина Юрьевна , Амаева Асет Ганиевна
Published: October 2021

На долю зерна и продуктов переработки зерновых культур приходится большая часть энергетической и белковой составляющей суточного рациона каждого человека в мире. В системе обеспечения продовольственной безопасности как в Великобритании, так и во всех остальных странах мира продовольственные культуры играют основополагающую роль. Распространению зерновых культур, в особенности хлебных злаков, способствовали, кроме высокой питательности и разносторонности использования, их разнообразие по биологическим свойствам, а также сравнительно простые технологии выращивания, хранения и переработки. Рассмотрены особенности выращивания злаковых и зернобобовых культур в Великобритании и других странах.
Pengaruh Senam Terhadap Ibu Hamil
Authors: Abdullah Cita Qanitah
Published: October 2021

Untuk mengetahui manfaat senam terhadap Ibu hamil.
MENGETAHUI TENTANG KURANG ENERGI KRONIS YANG MEMUNGKINKAN AKAN MENGANCAM KESEHATAN PADA IBU HAMIL
Authors: Darwin Nurul Khaerah
Published: October 2021

KEK merupakan kekurangan energi atau asupan nutrisi yang berlangsung lama. KEK sering terjadi pada ibu hamil, berdasarkan data Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Bantul prevalensi ibu hamil KEK di Puskesmas Pajangan tahun 2016 sebesar 16,20 %, tahun 2017 sebesar 14,91 % dan tahun 2018 sebesar 13,42%.Dampak KEK pada ibu hamil yaitu anemia, pendarahan, berat badan ibu tidak bertambah secara normal, terkena penyakit infeksi serta menjadi penyebab tidak langsung kematian ibu.Dampak pada bayi yaitu berat badan lahir, angka kematian perinatal, keadaan kesehatan perinatal, dan pertumbuhan bayi setelah kelahiran. KEK pada ibu hamil yang tidak ditangani dapat meningkatkan angka kesakitan hingga angka kematian ibu dan anak. Deteksi dini KEK belum tersedia karena pemerintah daerah (pemda) setempat masih berfokus untuk hal-hal yang bersifat kuratif (Kemenkes RI, 2015). Begitu pun dengan tenaga kesehatan yang tersedia juga masih lebih mengutamakan penanggulangan KEK daripada melakukan pencegahan seperti mendeteksi sejak dini kondisi ibu hamil. Adapun kendala dalam membuat sistem deteksi dini KEK semakin dipersulit karena adanya anggaran Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Pemulihan (PMT-P) ibu hamil. Dalam anggaran tersebut KEK masih terpusat dan belum dapat dikelola oleh pemerintah setempat bersama dengan puskesmas selaku pelaksana (Rusiati, komunikasi pribadi, 23 Maret, 2021). Kekurangan Energi Kronis pada ibu hamil merupakan suatu keadaan ibu kurangnya asupan protein dan energi pada masa kehamilan yang dapat mengakibatkan timbulnya gangguan kesehatan pada ibu dan janin.
Kesehatan Ibu Hamil
Authors: W Siti Sri Rezki
Published: October 2021

Menjadi seorang ibu merupakan kodrat seorang perempuan. Hamil, melahirkan, dan mempunyai anak juga hal yang sangat dinanti-nantikan oleh perempuan yang telah hidup berkeluarga. Menurut Manggarsari (2010) bahwa ibu yang sedang mengalami kehamilan dan ingin melahirkan secara normal, dituntut tidak hanya harus siap secara fisik, tetapi juga harus siap secara mental. Pada masa kehamilan ini terdapat berbagai komplikasi atau masalah-masalah yang terjadi, seperti halnya mual muntah yang sering dialami oleh ibu hamil yang merupakan salah satu gejala awal masa kehamilannya (Lina Silvia Santi, 2017).Kehamilan adalah suatu proses pertemuan atau fertilisasi, menempel atau nidasi serta berkembangnya sel ovum dan sel sperma untuk menjadi janin dalam uterus selama 9 bulan 10 hari (Maulana, 2009). Menurut Federasi Obstetri Ginekologi Internasional dalam Prawirohardjo (2008), kehamilan didefinisikan sebagai fertilisasi atau penyatuan dari spermatozoa dan ovum dan dilanjutkan dengan nidasi atau implantasi. Bila dihitung dari saat fertilisasi hingga lahirnya bayi,kehamilan normal akan berlangsung dalam waktu 40 minggu atau 10 bulan atau 9 bulan menurut kalender internasional.
PERILAKU MAKANAN YANG TIDAK SEHAT LEBIH BERESIKO LEBIH TINGGI DALAM KEJADIAN PREEKLAMSIA PADA KESEHATAN IBU HAMIL
Authors: widyastuti.s putri
Published: October 2021

Preeklamsia (PE) merupakan penyumbang mortalitas dan morbiditas ibu dan bayi. Preeklamsia adalah penyebab terbesar kedua kematian ibu, mempengaruhi 3% sampai 8% wanita hamil di seluruh dunia. Prevalensi kejadian preeklamsia pada ibu hamil di Kabupaten Magetan tahun 2017 sebanyak 189 orang, sedangkan pada tahun 2018 sebanyak 270 orang. Terjadi peningkatan angka kejadian preeklamsia dari tahun 2017 ke tahun 2018 yaitu sebanyak 81 orang.
Tinjauan Pustaka_GANGGUAN TIROID (HIPERTIROIDISME) PADA MASA KEHAMILAN
Authors: atira Nurul
Published: October 2021

Penyakit tiroid sering terjadi pada usia reproduktif termasuk saat kehamilan. Kadar hormon tiroid abnormal, baik kurang maupun berlebih, dapat berdampak buruk bagi ibu hamil dan juga janinnya. Kondisi hipotiroid pada ibu hamil harus dikoreksi, sedapat mungkin sebelum kehamilan, dengan suplementasi dan asupan makanan karena merupakan penyebab kerusakan neurologis utama di seluruh dunia. Hipertiroid dalam kehamilan dapat memberikan komplikasi serius, mulai dari penyulit obstetrik seperti preeklamsia, komplikasi gagal jantung pada ibu, hingga kelahiran prematur dan kematian janin. Hipertiroid dalam kehamilan sering memberikan gejala tidak khas, pengobatannya harus mempertimbangkan efek obat yang mungkin teratogenik.
Kesehatan Ibu Hamil
Authors: Rahmayanti
Published: October 2021

Anemia pada ibu hamil sangat berpengaruh terhadap kualitas manusia yang akan dilahirkan dan kualitas sumber daya manusia (SDM) generasi yang akan datang. Selain itu, anemia pada ibu hamil dapat meningkatkan kejadian abortus, prematus, berat badan lahir rendah (BBLR), serta dapat menyebabkan kematian pada ibu hamil pada waktu dan sesudah melahirkan.
Ocean model response to stochastically perturbed momentum fluxes
Authors: O'Kane Terence , Fiedler Russell , Collier Mark , Kitsios Vassili
Published: October 2021

In climate model configurations, standard approaches to the representation of unresolved, or subgrid scales, via deterministic closure schemes are being challenged by stochastic approaches inspired by statistical dynamical theory. Despite gaining popularity, studies of various stochastic subgrid scale parameterizations applied to atmospheric climate and weather prediction systems have revealed a diversity of model responses, including degeneracy in the response to different forcings and compensating model errors, with little reduction in artificial damping of the small scales required for numerical stability. Due to the greater range of spatio-temporal scales involved, how to best sample subgrid fluctuations in a computationally inexpensive manner, with the aim of reduced model error and improvements to the simulated climatological state of the ocean, remains an open question. While previous studies have considered perturbations to the surface forcing or subsurface temperature tendencies, we implement an energetically consistent, simple, stochastic subgrid eddy parameterization of the momentum fluxes in regions of the three-dimensional ocean typically associated with high eddy variability. We consider the changes in the modelled energetics of low-resolution simulations in response to stochastically forced velocity tendencies whose perturbation statistics and amplitudes are calculated from an eddy resolving ocean configuration. Kinetic energy spectra from a triple-decomposition reveal a systematic redistribution from the seasonal (climatological minus mean) potential energy to preferentially generate small scale transient kinetic energy while the total energy spectra remains largely unchanged. We show that stochastic parameterization generally improves model biases, noticeably so for the simulated energetics of the Southern Oceans.
TEKNIK DRAMA OR PSYCHODRAMA DALAM PROSES KONSELING
Authors: Lara Lara
Published: October 2021

Psikodrama adalah permainan peran yang dimaksudkan agar konseli dapat memperoleh pengertian yang lebih baik tentang dirinya, menemukan konsep dirinya, menyatakan kebutuhan-kebutuhan dan menyatakan reaksinya terhadap tekanan-tekanan terhadap dirinya (Sunarty, 2012 dalam tulisan Febrianti Cici dan Irmayanti Rima). Tujuan dari teknik psikodrama ini, untuk membantu individu dapat meringankan permasalahan yang dialaminya. Selain itu dapat membantu individu untuk melepaskan emosi-emosi yang negatif yang ada pada individu. Pada teknik ini setiap individu akan memainkan peran mereka masing-masing, dengan tujuan mereka dapat memposisikan diri mereka kepada orang lain. Teknik ini dapat digunakan pada populasi anak-anak, remaja, dewasa, dan juga lansia.