bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical supervision: an important part of every nurse's practice
Authors: Bifarin Oladayo , Stonehouse David
Published: March 2017

Clinical supervision involves a supportive relationship between supervisor and supervisee that facilitates reflective learning and is part of professional socialisation. Clinical supervision can take many different forms and may be adapted to suit local circumstances. A working agreement is required between the parties to the supervision and issues surrounding confidentiality must be understood. High-quality clinical supervision leads to greater job satisfaction and less stress. When it is absent or inadequate, however, the results can be serious and it is particularly important that student nurses are well supported in this way. Further research in this area is necessary.
Walk this way: improving activity levels
Authors: Glasper Alan
Published: March 2017

Emeritus Professor Alan Glasper, from the University of Southampton, discusses ways of increasing daily exercise, especially walking, as a way of tackling obesity and its effects on health
Health promotion for patients and their families
Authors: Gracia Michelle
Published: March 2017

Michelle Gracia, Third Year Student Nurse (Adult), School of Health Studies, Gibraltar Health Authority
Making decisions for patient safety
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: March 2017

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse at Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, looks at providing leadership and taking appropriate action when a fitness-to-practise concern is raised
The provision of therapy mattresses for pressure ulcer prevention
Authors: Pagnamenta Fania
Published: March 2017

Preventing pressure ulcers is complex and involves skin care, the provision of therapy mattresses, repositioning, the management of incontinence and adequate nutritional support. This article describes a model of therapy mattress provision that is based on non-powered products. Evaluating the efficiency of this model is challenging, due to the complexities of care, but Safety Thermometer data and incidents reports offer reassurance that non-powered therapy mattresses can provide adequate pressure ulcer prevention. Therapy mattress provision is only one of the five interventions and these are described in details to give readers a fuller picture of the model used at the author's trust.
Extended writing questions
Authors: Webb Helen
Published: March 2017

As part of her work on improving feedback to students, Helen Webb focused on improving performance in GCSE science extended writing questions. She discusses her findings
Sentidos e valores penais na contemporaneidade: a busca dos elos de pensamento necessários entre media e justiça criminal
Authors: Simões Rita Basílio de
Published: March 2017

A investigação no âmbito da comunicação e dos media, por um lado, e do crime e da justiça criminal, por outro, tem investido na compreensão das relações existentes entre os seus objetos de estudo. Este tem sido, porém, um investimento marcado pelo descaso recíproco, senão mesmo pela desconfiança mútua, apesar de partilharem influências teóricas e metodológicas e preocupações intelectuais. Neste artigo, trazemos à colação algumas teorias sobre os sentidos e valores penais que, ao interessarem-se pelas questões da justiça, da comunicação e da cultura e com o lugar dos media no sistema social, têm contribuído para aproximar estas áreas de estudo. Realçando a pertinência dessas propostas, demonstraremos a imprescindibilidade deste pensamento para melhor entender e dirimir as tensões entre os media e a justiça. Fá-lo-emos em particular enunciando os resultados de dois estudos empíricos da mediatização de processos de reforma legal baseados em análises de imprensa.
Tendências, boas-práticas e inovação para o ensino do empreendedorismo no jornalismo e nas indústrias criativas
Authors: Crespo Miguel , Foà Caterina , Cardoso Gustavo
Published: March 2017

O presente artigo apresenta os resultados preliminares de uma análise acerca dos modelos de ensino de empreendedorismo e inovação no campo das indústrias criativas e do jornalismo atualmente em vigor ao nível global, acrescentando como caso de estudo empírico as primeiras aplicações práticas do projeto Crebiz.eu, a nível do projeto-piloto de ensino implementado em Portugal, a sua avaliação e as reflexões conclusivas sobre as práticas implementadas e a aprendizagem realizadas na ótica da continuação do projeto. O enquadramento teórico é alicerçado pela análise de 60 exemplos de modelos de ensino do empreendedorismo aplicado a diferentes áreas científicas, retirados do panorama nternacional e selecionados como boas-práticas para a contextualização do cenário atual e identificação de tendências, tendo sido identificados como base contributiva para o desenvolvimento do Business Development Laboratory Study Module.
Performing Ogaranya: Kalu Ezelu Uwaoma, Male Slavery, and Freedom Politics in Southeastern Nigeria, c. 1860–1940
Authors: Mbah Ndubueze L.
Published: March 2017

Kalu Uwaoma’s social mobility from slave to slaver, warrant chief, Presbyterian elder, and British knight between 1865 and 1940 provides a subaltern view of enslavement and the attainment of freedom in the Bight of Biafra. In securing freedom without legal manumission, Kalu harnessed the muscles of emerging colonialism, Western education, and Christian modernity as well as local configurations of power and masculinity. This study restores Kalu to historical memory by drawing attention to his autobiography, one of two known personal narratives of pre-twentieth- century Igbo-Africans. Kalu’s biography was an argument against re-enslavement, a social projection of his freedom, and a rebellious manipulation of a new form of masculinity known as ogaranya (wealth-power), which signaled the masculinization of wealth and the emergence of men as arbiters of more powerful political institutions.
Settling Ọhọri: Reassessing Rebellion, Gender, and Foundation “Myths” in Colonial Dahomey
Authors: Filippello Marcus
Published: March 2017

This article offers critical examinations of archival and oral data and tradition to show how members of a small community in southeastern colonial Dahomey responded to early French policies that featured arrest and banishment as mechanisms of coercion in their experiments with early modalities of indirect rule. In highlighting historical change through the prism of local politics, the article adds to historical discourses on colonial and gendered West African pasts in three notable and interconnected ways. First, it demonstrates how younger generations of Africans disaggregated from a colonial apparatus and local elders aligned with French administrators by resettling and operating outside of the purview of colonial rule. An emphasis on the role that women played in reshaping a collective anticolonial identity also offers new gendered and temporal dimensions to West African foundation traditions. Finally, the inability of colonial troops to restrict mobility reveals how some Africans considered imperial boundaries as insignificant and voluntary.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF MARINE SPATIAL PLANNING AND ITS APPLICATION FOR FLOATING FISH NET CULTURE
Authors: Sutrisno Dewayany
Published: March 2017

Marine spatial planning has become the crucial issues for an archipelagic state such as Indonesia. The global market demand on marine economic species has been initiated the exploitation of the marine species which will become the hindrance in maintaining the sustainable marine biodiversity. Besides that, the degradation of marine species will also become the problem for traditional fishermen. Therefore, a model has to be employed to spatially manage the coastal waters as the alternative for fishermen activities during closed seasons, such as floating fish net culture.  The aim of this study was to develop marine spatial planning model based on ecological approach in order to identify the potentiality of marine waters for marine culture such as floating fish net culture. The method for the model consisted of social assessment using the Delphi for developing the rule of marine planning for floating fish net culture and the spatial analysis technique for determining the model of marine spatial planning for floating fish net culture. The area of Kupang Bay waters, East Nusa Tenggara was used as the study area. The result indicated that the model can be used to sustainable marine spatial planning, especially for floating fish net culture. The model considered the aspects of potential area for marine culture, the management of zonation and transportation lanes, the conservation and protected area and the strategic area. Application in Kupang bay illustrated the aspect of technology input such as raceways since the majority of the area of Kupang Bay waters is classified as medium potential. Further research still needs to optimum the application of model to others marine area.
Evaluasi Implementasi Masterplan Kawasan Agropolitan Ciwidey Menggunakan Logic Models
Authors: Agustina Isnaeni , Artiningsih A.
Published: March 2017

The rural development should be encouraged to reduce inequalities in urban and rural areas, including through the program of agropolitan area development. The government of Bandung District has compiled the Masterplan of Agropolitan Ciwidey in 2007, implemented in 2008-2012, and evaluated in 2013-2016. This study aims to find out the performance of the Ciwidey’s agropolitan development programs and activities. The study was conducted using logic models analysis that describes the input, output, outcome, and impact on a diagram and then described using causality description. The findings address that the development program of Ciwidey agropolitan has the positive impacts for physical and social characteristics, while it has adverse effects for economic characteristics. This study recommends that the robust support from the institutional of agribusiness activity is needed to develop an agropolitan area.
Prioritas Arahan Pemanfaatan Ruang Kawasan Sekitar Jalan Lingkar Ambarawa Berdasarkan Potensi dan Limitasi
Authors: Tunjung Biru Pingkan Ellotama , Haryanto Ragil
Published: March 2017

The development of Ambarawa Ring Road leads to the increase of land conversion from the non-built-up area into the built-up area around Ambarawa Ring Road. The study aims to analyze the priority of spatial utilization of Ambarawa Ring Road area based on the potential and limitations by considering the experts’ perceptions. This study was conducted by the quantitative method through Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The findings indicate that the spatial criteria is the main criteria for determining the spatial utilization in Ambarawa Ring Road. The weighted result for each sub-criteria that compares the potential and limitations also shows that respondents prefer to prioritize the scenario to maintain the area around Ambarawa Ring Road as non-built-up area. In addition, the alternative scenario revealed that the area around the Ambarawa Ring Road directed to developing as tourism area while considering the environmental balance. Spatial planning plays a significant role in determining the direction of space utilization around Ambarawa Ring Road.
Novel immunoassays for detection of CUZD1 autoantibodies in serum of patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
Authors: Farkona Sofia , Soosaipillai Antoninus , Filippou Panagiota , Liaskos Christos , Bogdanos Dimitrios P. , Diamandis Eleftherios P. , Blasutig Ivan M.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Pancreatic autoantibodies (PABs) are detected in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Their prevalence is higher in Crohn’s disease (CrD) than in ulcerative colitis (UC). Glycoprotein 2 (GP2) and, more recently, CUB and zona pellucida-like domain-containing protein 1 (CUZD1) have been identified as target autoantigens of PAB. The clinical utility of CUZD1 autoantibodies has only recently been assessed by indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) assays. In this study, we developed and validated novel immunoassays for the detection of CUZD1 autoantibodies.

Methods:

Recombinant CUZD1 protein was utilized as a solid-phase antigen for the development of two immunoassays for the detection of IgG and IgA CUZD1 autoantibodies. Serum samples from 100 patients with CrD, 100 patients with UC, 129 patients assessed for various autoimmune diseases (vADs) and 50 control individuals were analyzed.

Results:

Two immunofluorometric assays for the detection of IgG and IgA CUZD1-specific antibodies were developed. CUZD1 autoantibodies were detected in 12.5% (25/200) IBD patients, including 16% of patients with CrD and in 9% of patients with UC (CrD vs. UC, p<0.05), compared with 3.1% (4/129) patients suspected of having vADs (CrD vs. ADs, p<0.05; UC vs. ADs, p=0.08). CUZD1 autoantibody positivity was not found to be related to disease location, age of disease onset or disease phenotype.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to describe novel IgA and IgG CUZD1 autoantibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. These immunoassays agree well with standard IIF techniques and can be utilized in multicenter studies to investigate the diagnostic and clinical utility of CUZD1 autoantibodies.
The Effect of a Dissipative Ladle Shroud on Mixing in Tundish: Mathematical and Experimental Modelling
Authors: Zhang Jiangshan , Yang Shufeng , Li Jingshe , Tang Haiyan , Jiang Zhengyi
Published: March 2017

The effect of a dissipative ladle shroud (DLS) on mixing in tundish was investigated, compared with that of a conventional ladle shroud (CLS) using mathematical and physical modelling. The tracer profiles of mathematical results, achieved using large eddy simulation, were validated by physical observations employing high-speed cinephotography. The design of a DLS dramatically changed the flow patterns and contributed the intermixing of fluid elements inside the ladle shroud. The vortex flow encouraged the turbulent mixing and was verified by tracking of physical tracer dispersion inside the DLS. Residence Time Distribution (RTD) curves were obtained in two different sized tundishes to examine the mixing behaviours. The findings indicated that the DLS benefited the tundish mixing in terms of increasing active volume. The effect seemed to be more remarkable in the smaller tundish. The DLS gave rise to a more plug-like flow pattern inside the tundish, showing potential to shorten the transition length during grade change.
A Quantitative Concordance Measure for Comparing and Combining Treatment Selection Markers
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Ma Shujie , Nie Lei , Soon Guoxing
Published: March 2017

Motivated by an HIV example, we consider how to compare and combine treatment selection markers, which are essential to the notion of precision medicine. The current literature on precision medicine is focused on evaluating and optimizing treatment regimes, which can be obtained by dichotomizing treatment selection markers. In practice, treatment decisions are based not only on efficacy but also on safety, cost and individual preference, making it difficult to choose a single cutoff value for all patients in all settings. It is therefore desirable to have a statistical framework for comparing and combining treatment selection markers without dichotomization. We provide such a framework based on a quantitative concordance measure, which quantifies the extent to which higher marker values are predictive of larger treatment effects. For a given marker, the proposed concordance measure can be estimated from clinical trial data using a U-statistic, which can incorporate auxiliary covariate information through an augmentation term. For combining multiple markers, we propose to maximize the estimated concordance measure among a specified family of combination markers. A cross-validation procedure can be used to remove any re-substitution bias in assessing the quality of an optimized combination marker. The proposed methodology is applied to the HIV example and evaluated in simulation studies.
Evaluation of Reactive Power Support and Loss Allocation in a Pool Based Competitive Electricity Market
Authors: Moger Tukaram , Dhadbanjan Thukaram
Published: March 2017

This paper presents a new approach using modified Y-bus matrix to compute the reactive power support and loss allocation in a pool based competitive electricity market. The inherent characteristic of the reactive power in system operation is properly addressed in the paper. A detailed case study on a 11-bus equivalent system is carried out to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It is also tested on a large 259-bus equivalent system of Indian western region power grid. A comparison is also made with other existing approaches in the literature to highlight the features of the proposed approach. Simulation results show that the reactive power support and loss allocation from the proposed approach is carried out in a systematic manner which takes into consideration the power demand and the relative location of the nodes in the network.
Student-Directed Video Validation of Psychomotor Skills Performance: A Strategy to Facilitate Deliberate Practice, Peer Review, and Team Skill Sets
Authors: DeBourgh Gregory A. , Prion Susan K.
Published: March 2017

Background

Essential nursing skills for safe practice are not limited to technical skills, but include abilities for determining salience among clinical data within dynamic practice environments, demonstrating clinical judgment and reasoning, problem-solving abilities, and teamwork competence. Effective instructional methods are needed to prepare new nurses for entry-to-practice in contemporary healthcare settings.

Method

This mixed-methods descriptive study explored self-reported perceptions of a process to self-record videos for psychomotor skill performance evaluation in a convenience sample of 102 pre-licensure students.

Results

Students reported gains in confidence and skill acquisition using team skills to record individual videos of skill performance, and described the importance of teamwork, peer support, and deliberate practice.

Conclusion

Although time consuming, the production of student-directed video validations of psychomotor skill performance is an authentic task with meaningful accountabilities that is well-received by students as an effective, satisfying learner experience to increase confidence and competence in performing psychomotor skills.
A non-invasive method to rule out transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN): fetal pulmonary artery acceleration to ejection time ratio
Authors: Büke Barış , Akkaya Hatice
Published: March 2017

Objective:

To investigate whether fetal pulmonary artery acceleration to ejection time (PATET) ratio can predict or rule out subsequent diagnosis of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN).

Methods:

This prospective cohort study included 105 pregnant women in labor, who met the inclusion criteria. Eighteen of these women were removed from the study cohort, because of an inability to acquire sufficient Doppler waveforms and a longer duration of deliveries. According to subsequent diagnosis of TTN in the neonate, the two groups were constituted, TTN+ and TTN−.

Results:

There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding maternal obstetric and demographic features. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) submission rate was significantly higher in the TTN+ group (100%, 17%, P<0.0001, respectively). Regarding the fetal pulmonary artery Doppler findings, PATET ratio in the TTN+ group was significantly lower than the TTN− group (0.307 vs. 0.389, P<0.0001, respectively). The PATET ratio and diagnosis of TTN were inversely correlated (r=−0.41, P<0.001), even if adjusted for birth weight, gestational age and fetal gender (r=0.42, P=0.0021). The cut-off value of 0.319 provided 82.7% specificity, 83.3% sensitivity, 96% negative predictive value and 41.6% positive predictive value. Additionally intraobserver ICC for PATET was found to be 0.86.

Conclusion:

The fetal PATET ratio seems to serve as a promising tool to rule out subsequent diagnosis of TTN.
Access to Scholarly Research Information in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review
Authors: Malapela Thembani
Published: March 2017

Since the year 2000, the world has witnessed an increased call for improved access to scholarly information. The cost of scholarly content is a major barrier in accessing needed research information. In order to fully contribute to the global knowledge economy, African scholars need to access both global information resources and locally published works. Few studies have focused on the African knowledge production vis-à-vis access to scholarly research information in Africa. This paper examines access to scholarly research information in sub-Saharan Africa. The review focuses on available published works on access to scientific literature in Africa and seeks to understand Africa’s scholarly publishing scene. In the process, challenges and opportunities regarding access to scholarly research information are explored. Three approaches in addressing these issues emerge in literature – namely (i) open access, (ii) donor-funded schemes and (iii) negotiated access schemes for scholarly content. This review shows that these approaches have leveraged information access to the African researchers who now have almost the same levels of access to scientific literature as their peers in the developed world. African governments, institutions, researchers and librarians still need to exploit the potential of open access. There remain, however, infrastructural issues that need to be addressed to ensure that the African scholar enjoys access to current scientific information.
Molecular dynamics simulations of hexopyranose ring distortion in different force fields
Authors: Plazinski Wojciech , Plazinska Anita
Published: March 2017

The four classical, biomolecular force fields designed to study hexopyranose-based carbohydrates (GROMOS 56a6CARBO/56a6CARBO_R, GROMOS 53a6GLYC, CHARMM and GLYCAM06) have been tested in the context of ring-inversion properties. These properties were evaluated for both unfunctionalized monomers of all hexopyranoses of the d series and for residues in a chain composed of uniform units connected by α(1→4) and β(1→4) glycosidic linkages. The results indicate that the tested force fields differ in their predictions of the ring-inversion properties of both monomers and residues in a chain. The comparison with the available experimental data and with the semi-empirical Angyal scheme reveals that, at the level of monomers, GROMOS 56a6CARBO, GROMOS 53a6GLYC and CHARMM correctly reproduce the ring-inversion free energies. However, due to the lack of analogous reference data we cannot state which force field is more or less accurate in the context of ring distortion of residues in a chain. Therefore, the use of ab initio potentials is recommended in the prospective, quantitative studies on the related subject.
Characterization of Thermochemically Surface-Hardened Titanium by Light Optical Microscopy
Authors: Gammeltoft-Hansen Niklas , Munch Steffen S. , Jellesen Morten S. , Somers Marcel A. J. , Christiansen Thomas L.
Published: March 2017

Thermochemically treated titanium grades 2 and 5 were investigated by light optical microscopy and hardness indentation. Gaseous oxidation in oxygen and N2O containing atmospheres resulted in a diffusion zone of oxygen in solid solution in titanium with a hardness up to 1000 HV. A surface scale consisting of oxide can be present depending on the treatment conditions. A new type of carbo-oxidation treatment was applied, where carbon and oxygen are simultaneously incorporated into the surface. This resulted in new microstructural features such as a deep zone of mixed interstitial solid solution, i.e., a diffusion zone, and surface regions consisting of a mixed interstitial compound (TiCXO1 − X structure). Carbo-oxidation yields hardness values in excess of 2500 HV in the mixed interstitial compound and values up to 1500 HV in the diffusion zone. Simultaneously, with the surface hardening treatment, core hardening of the material can be obtained.
Using kisspeptin to assess GnRH function in an unusual case of primary amenorrhoea
Authors: Vimalesvaran S , Narayanaswamy S , Yang L , Prague J K , Buckley A , Miras A D , Franks S , Meeran K , Dhillo W S
Published: March 2017

Primary amenorrhoea is defined as the failure to commence menstruation by the age of 15 years, in the presence of normal secondary sexual development. The potential causes of primary amenorrhoea extend from structural to chromosomal abnormalities. Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common cause of secondary amenorrhoea but an uncommon cause of primary amenorrhoea. An early and prompt diagnosis of PCOS is important, as up to 30% of these women are predisposed to glucose intolerance and obesity, with the subgroup of women presenting with primary amenorrhoea and PCOS displaying a higher incidence of metabolic dysfunction. We describe a case of an 18-year-old female presenting with primary amenorrhoea of unknown aetiology. Although initial investigations did not demonstrate clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism or any radiological evidence of polycystic ovaries, a raised luteinising hormone (LH) suggested a diagnosis of PCOS. If PCOS was the correct diagnosis, then one would expect intact hypothalamic GnRH and pituitary gonadotropin release. We used the novel hormone kisspeptin to confirm intact hypothalamic GnRH release and a GnRH stimulation test to confirm intact pituitary gonadotroph function. This case highlights that kisspeptin is a potential unique tool to test GnRH function in patients presenting with reproductive disorders.

Learning points:

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) can present with primary amenorrhoea, and therefore, should be considered in the differential diagnosis.

PCOS is a heterogeneous condition that may present in lean women with few or absent signs of hyperandrogenism.

GnRH stimulation tests are useful in evaluating pituitary function; however, to date, we do not have a viable test of GnRH function. Kisspeptin has the potential to form a novel diagnostic tool for assessing hypothalamic GnRH function by monitoring gonadotropin response as a surrogate marker of GnRH release.

Confirmation of intact GnRH function helps consolidate a diagnosis in primary amenorrhoea and gives an indication of future fertility.
"The World is Wide Enough for Us Both”: The Manitoba School for the Deaf at the Onset of the Oralist Age, 1889-1920
Authors: Barron Sandy
Published: March 2017

Historical research on the oralist era in North American deaf education has typically been undertaken through a national lens. This study asserts that a more localized and regional view of the communication methods practiced at deaf schools will aid in the creation of a more complex picture of how oralism spread in Canadian and North American deaf schools. Based on an analysis of the papers of the Manitoba Ministry of Public Works; the archives of Silent Echo, the Manitoba School’s newspaper; and published works by the school’s principals, this paper contends that strict oralism faced fierce resistance in Manitoba from both Deaf citizens and teachers, as well as the school’s hearing principal, before 1920. Principal Duncan McDermid and deaf teacher J.R. Cook published and republished arguments in the Echo against oralism and in favour of moderation in the sign debate. In consideration of all three characteristics of strictly oralist schools in the early twentieth century – a ban on sign language, separation of deaf students from Deaf communities, and the expulsion of deaf teaching staff – the Manitoba School for the Deaf emerges as an exception to the trend of encroaching oralism in Canadian deaf schools during the early twentieth-century.
Review of DeShazer, Mammographies: The Cultural Discourses of Breast Cancer
Authors: Hardy Kristen A.
Published: March 2017

Women’s breasts hold a complex place in contemporary Western culture—as objects of fascination, sexualisation, fetishisation, adornment, nourishment, consternation, and regulation. For women themselves, they often serve as sites of anxiety and fear related to appearance, function, or health. For an unfortunate percentage, they also become the locus of cellular changes that will ultimately prove life-altering or even fatal.
Review of Rioux, Pinto & Parekh, Rights Monitoring, and Social Change: Building Power out of Evidence
Authors: Lockhart Grace M.
Published: March 2017

Disability, Rights Monitoring, and Social Change is an innovative and informative anthology that examines attitudes toward disability as they relate to disability rights, and the monitoring of disability rights in order to create social change.
¿Qué imagen construyen los y las adolescentes sobre la vejez? Esencias y desafíos para una nueva cultura gerontológica
Authors: Cabrera Marsden Ana María , Hernández Martín Ana
Published: March 2017

La población cubana envejece a ritmos acelerados; para el año 2025, Cuba será uno de los países más envejecidos de América Latina.Promover acciones que, desde diferentes ámbitos de socialización, contribuyan a resignificar el papel de las personas adultas mayores en este contexto, permitirá asumir la edad desde una visión más positiva, participativa, saludable y exitosa. Las y los adolescentes cubanos crecen en un entorno que, cada vez con más frecuencia, aboga por patrones hegemónicos, androcéntricos y con marcadas incidencias en el valor de lo juvenil como lo verdaderamente importante. Los medios de comunicación masiva, la familia, la escuela y el barrio muchas veces promueven un tipo de vejez que acentúa la dimensión más negativa del asunto: deterioro, invalidez física y mental, dependencia, pérdidas de roles sociales, depresión, pasividad. Todos estos elementos se entrecruzan en la aprehensión de una cultura que aboga por una mirada paternalista y desde la carencia al llegar a la tercera edad. Una mirada a estos agentes de socialización en la adolescencia nos permite develar la presencia de valores negativos asociados a la vejez y al envejecimiento, los cuales dificultan una construcción positiva de la edad. Comienzan, sin embargo, a emerger algunas pautas en este contexto que permiten ir reconstruyendo esa cultura gerontológica. El presente trabajo devela algunos elementos de los diferentes agentes de socialización que dificultan la construcción de esa nueva cultura gerontológica desde edades tempranas y apunta hacia aquellos que, aun cuando son insuficientes, abogan por una construcción diferente del imaginario social sobre la tercera edad.
El voluntariado de la Cátedra del Adulto Mayor de La Universidad de La Habana: sus motivos esenciales
Authors: Semino Garcia Carlos Luis
Published: March 2017

El presente trabajo pretende caracterizar los motivos que orientan a un grupo de adultos mayores a participar como voluntarios en la CátedraUniversitaria del Adulto Mayor de La Habana (CUAM). Se identifican los motivos generales y los motivos asociados a la participación como voluntarios; se describe su jerarquía y se explora el grado de satisfacción con su desempeño a partir de sus motivaciones esenciales asociadas al proyecto. La ausencia de estudios sobre el voluntariado y la importancia de este proyecto educativo para los adultos mayores constituyen las motivaciones fundamentales para este artículo.Este es un estudio cualitativo que responde a un diseño transversal exploratorio y emplea el método clínico al recurrir a técnicas de expresión abierta e indirecta: técnica “Cinco deseos” y “Cinco deseos vinculados con la labor en el voluntariado de la CUAM”; “Técnica de satisfacción con la actividad como voluntario”; “Composición ‘Trabajo en la cátedra porque…’”; y la “Entrevista individual semiestructurada sobre el voluntariado”. El grupo de estudio estuvo compuesto por 21 adultos mayores, miembros del consejo técnico ampliado de la CUAM, que participan como voluntarios en el rol de coordinador. Los motivos generales giran en torno a la familia, salud, deber humanitarismo, condiciones materiales y voluntariado.Los motivos que se asocian a la actividad del voluntariado son: crecimiento del proyecto de la CUAM, preparación profesional y personal, permanencia y sostenibilidad del proyecto de la CUAM, reconocimiento social, relación con otras instituciones, condiciones materiales y calidad de las actividades como voluntarios.
Breastfeeding, Cognitive and Noncognitive Development in Early Childhood: A Population Study
Authors: Girard Lisa-Christine , Doyle Orla , Tremblay Richard E.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

There is mixed evidence from correlational studies that breastfeeding impacts children’s development. Propensity score matching with large samples can be an effective tool to remove potential bias from observed confounders in correlational studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of breastfeeding on children’s cognitive and noncognitive development at 3 and 5 years of age.

METHODS:

Participants included ∼8000 families from the Growing Up in Ireland longitudinal infant cohort, who were identified from the Child Benefit Register and randomly selected to participate. Parent and teacher reports and standardized assessments were used to collect information on children’s problem behaviors, expressive vocabulary, and cognitive abilities at age 3 and 5 years. Breastfeeding information was collected via maternal report. Propensity score matching was used to compare the average treatment effects on those who were breastfed.

RESULTS:

Before matching, breastfeeding was associated with better development on almost every outcome. After matching and adjustment for multiple testing, only 1 of the 13 outcomes remained statistically significant: children’s hyperactivity (difference score, –0.84; 95% confidence interval, –1.33 to –0.35) at age 3 years for children who were breastfed for at least 6 months. No statistically significant differences were observed postmatching on any outcome at age 5 years.

CONCLUSIONS:

Although 1 positive benefit of breastfeeding was found by using propensity score matching, the effect size was modest in practical terms. No support was found for statistically significant gains at age 5 years, suggesting that the earlier observed benefit from breastfeeding may not be maintained once children enter school.
Magnesium-based biodegradable alloys: Degradation, application, and alloying elements
Authors: Pogorielov Maksym , Husak Eugenia , Solodivnik Alexandr , Zhdanov Sergii
Published: March 2017

In recent years, the paradigm about the metal with improved corrosion resistance for application in surgery and orthopedy was broken. The new class of biodegradable metal emerges as an alternative for biomedical implants. These metals corrode gradually with an appropriate host response and release of corrosion products. And it is absolutely necessary to use essential metals metabolized by hosting organism with local and general nontoxic effect. Magnesium serves this aim best; it plays the essential role in body metabolism and should be completely excreted within a few days after degradation. This review summarizes data from Mg discovery and its first experimental and clinical application of modern concept of Mg alloy development. We focused on biodegradable metal application in general surgery and orthopedic practice and showed the advantages and disadvantages Mg alloys offer. We focused on methods of in vitro and in vivo investigation of degradable Mg alloys and correlation between these methods. Based on the observed data, a better way for new alloy pre-clinical investigation is suggested. This review analyzes possible alloying elements that improve corrosion rate, mechanical properties, and gives the appropriate host response.
Evaluación... más de los mismo desafiando formatos y modalidades sin libreto
Authors: Rigo Daina Yamila , Donolo Danilo
Published: March 2017

El objetivo del trabajo es profundizar el planteo y la discusión sobre la necesidad de una evaluación más acorde con las nuevas concepciones del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. El propósito general es describir las modalidades de evaluación más comunes en el aula, para generar propuestas educativas alternativas, delimitando criterios teóricos-prácticos para su formulación y puesta en acción. La investigación se realizó en el nivel primario de educación, junto a docentes y alumnos de sexto grado. Se diferenciaron dos etapas del estudio llevado a cabo. Primero, se observaron las prácticas más comunes y frecuentes de evaluación dentro de la asignatura de Ciencias Sociales, a modo de registrar su tipología y formato. Segundo, considerando la metodología estudio de diseño, se llevó a cabo una propuesta de evaluación, definida como contextualiza, auténtica y formativa. Para recolectar los datos se usó la observación y registro de grabaciones, asimismo, se administró un cuestionario con preguntas abiertas y cerradas a los estudiantes para rescatar su perspectiva sobre ambas modalidades de evaluación. Los resultados de la investigación muestran que la modalidad de evaluación propuesta ofreció un espacio para promover mejores aprendizajes en tanto es dinámica, progresiva y se encuentra ligada a un cambio en las prácticas de instrucción que soportan buenas instancias de feedback y la toma de decisiones por parte de los alumnos.
Las políticas de evaluación universitaria en Argentina: balance y desafíos
Authors: Nosiglia María Catalina , Mulle Verónica
Published: March 2017

La evaluación educativa fue una de las políticas más sobresaliente de la década de los ´90 en Argentina. Esta temática estuvo presente en la agenda de las políticas neoliberales de todos los niveles educativos, asociada a una cuestión más amplia: la preocupación por la calidad de la educación. Las orientaciones políticas en esta materia suponían la necesidad de competencia interinstitucional, la mayor responsabilidad de las instituciones y los docentes por los resultados y la rendición de cuentas como mecanismos para garantizarla.En el nivel universitario en Argentina, la introducción de los mecanismos de evaluación institucional y la acreditación de carreras de grado y posgrado fueron establecidos en 1995 a partir de la Ley de Educación Superior N° 24.521 (LES).El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar algunas reflexiones sobre las tensiones de las políticas de evaluación universitaria, distinguiendo analíticamente cuatro cuestiones que atraviesan este campo y que plantean relaciones complejas: evaluación y autonomía, evaluación y planeamiento, evaluación y calidad, evaluación y pertinencia social. Asimismo, se incluyen algunas características de la conformación del campo de la evaluación y acreditación universitaria en Argentina, haciendo especial referencia al caso de la Universidad de Buenos Aires. Finalmente, se plantean consideraciones para futuras investigaciones y revisiones de esta política, tras dos décadas de implementación
Nota sobre el concepto de Bienestar o Felicidad y los Sucesos de vida: una aproximación a partir de hallazgos teóricos y empíricos
Authors: Escalante Gómez Eduardo
Published: March 2017

En este trabajo se abordan los conceptos de bienestar subjetivo (BS), bienestar psicosocial (BPS), y su relación con el concepto de sucesos de vida (SV), a partir de una revisión de diferentes evidencias empíricas disponibles en la literatura científica. El bienestar se entiende como equivalente al concepto de la felicidad. Esta revisión explora las principales perspectivas teóricas, indicando que muchos intentos focalizan sus dimensiones en lugar de la necesaria definición.Las teorías del bienestar referidas a lo subjetivo y lo psicológico, estudian procesos psicológicos similares, pero proceden a medir distintos factores. El bienestar subjetivo se lo h investigado más como una cuestión emocional para en seguida relacionarla con la felicidad o la satisfacción vital. Por lo que se detecta, que en general los investigadores tratan como sinónimos el bienestar subjetivo o grado de felicidad.Se hace referencia a que el bienestar podría alcanzarse, a través de procesos tan internos o dependientes de la persona como pueden ser: el cambio de sus aspiraciones, la percepción que tiene de sí misma y de su entorno, la acción sobre ella misma o la modificación de lo que se está experimentando en el día a día. Es decir, las preocupaciones investigativas focalizan el bienestar psicológico y el bienestar social. El enfoque estudia el desarrollo del individuo, las formas que usan para enfrentar los sucesos de vida y la manera como se valoran las circunstancias. Es a partir, de la integración de ambos conceptos, bienestar subjetivo y bienestar psicosocial que estimamos que se puede trabajar el constructo “felicidad (bienestar) organizacional. En la actualidad, son diversos los organismos que postulan que el bienestar, subjetivo y psicosocial, constituyen una meta organizacional deseable.
Evaluar el impacto de una campaña de marketing social emitiendo un comercial de televisión acerca de la epilepsia en Colombia
Authors: Parra Rodriguez David Fernando
Published: March 2017

El desconocimiento de la Epilepsia como una enfermedad tan común como cualquier otra, hace que quienes la padecen y sus familiares sean estigmatizados religiosa, cultural y socialmente. Muchos de los individuos afectados con esta enfermedad carecen de conocimiento acerca de los diferentes tratamientos medicinales, no medicinales y herramientas legales, que puedan contribuir mejorando su calidad de vida, razón por la cual es importante cuestionarnos acerca de la importancia de generar el conocimiento de la Epilepsia, para así crear conciencia y sensibilidad social. (Carrizosa Moog, 2009)

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo evidenciar las percepciones de la sociedad colombiana frente a la epilepsia, documentándonos en diferentes estudios a nivel mundial conociendo sus metodologías y aplicando algunas de ellas para así plantear futuros planes de acción, con el fin de aplicar una estrategia de marketing social que logre influir en el comportamiento de la sociedad mejorando o cambiando su percepción frente a las personas que padecen esta condición.
Identificación de Insights para el desarrollo de aplicaciones de consumo colaborativo a través de análisis de sentimientos en redes sociales.
Authors: Vargas Rodríguez Iván Andrés
Published: March 2017

El propósito del siguiente trabajo es exponer los beneficios y contras de la aplicación del análisis de sentimientos, en la búsqueda de Insights para el desarrollo de aplicaciones de consumo colaborativo, en su primera etapa se encuentra presentada su justificación y la definición de conceptos construida desde una revisión sistemática de lectura.
Intención de uso de la tecnología biométrica en el sector financiero: efecto de la utilidad sobre los riesgos percibidos por el consumidor
Authors: Soto Beltrán Laura Lorena
Published: March 2017

Mediante un análisis de revisión sistemática de literatura, se evidenció que existen múltiples riesgos percibidos por el consumidor asociados al uso de las tecnologías biométricas, los cuales son la mayor barrera de entrada de esta tecnología, principalmente en los entornos financieros. Dado que no se han realizado estudios que evalúen si la utilidad de la misma y sus beneficios son mayores a los riesgos percibidos por el consumidor, el presente estudio busca medir la intención de uso de las tecnologías biométricas en entornos financieros y evaluar si la utilidad de la tecnología es mayor a los riesgos percibidos, para así y según los resultados obtenidos, realizar las recomendaciones a las entidades que aplicarán estas tecnologías a fin de facilitar su adopción por parte sus clientes o proponer modificaciones a las mismas para adaptarlas a las necesidades del consumidor y de las entidades. 
Barreras de gestión de marketing para la prestación del servicio niños diabéticos Tipo I desde la perspectiva de docentes en instituciones educativas en Bogotá
Authors: Espinosa Tobon Veronica
Published: March 2017

La siguiente investigación tiene como propósito identificar las barreras de gestión del marketing para la prestación del servicio  de niños diabéticos  tipo 1, desde la perspectiva de docentes en colegios de la ciudad de Bogotá, analizando la importancia de  los elementos del marketing mix dentro de la gestión de marketing, tales como, alianzas estratégicas, personas, procesos, así como la comunicación de información efectiva para este grupo objetivo, que permita identificar las falencias o fortalezas de las mismas, para en un futuro mejorar el servicio y consecuentemente mejorar la calidad de vida de este segmento de la población. Se pretende a través de una investigación cualitativa, trasversal y multicéntrico con técnica de muestreo de bola de nieve, indagar los conocimientos que sobre la enfermedad y su manejo poseen estos actores importantes dentro de la vida de los niños diabéticos tipo 1, estableciendo la relación directa con los elementos del marketing mix mencionados, para de esta forma generar  conocimiento que permita el planteamiento de futuros proyectos en pro de mejorar la calidad de vida de este grupo de la población. 
Sevicescape social, su importancia en la venta de televisores de alta gama en el retail frente al canal tradicional en Bogota
Authors: Castro Sarmiento Camilo Alfredo
Published: March 2017

En diversos estudios se han concentrado el entorno físico en cuanto al servicescape, sin embargo pocos estudios han profundizado en cuanto al servicescape social del proceso de compra de un consumidor, para conocer su comportamiento en el punto de venta y como es la influencia de entorno social, entendido este como las personas que interactúan con el consumidor en este último paso para la adquisición de un televisor de alta gama, y que valoración le da este a este entorno en el punto de venta.

Esta investigación tiene como fin determinar la percepción del consumidor  y cuál es el impacto del servicescape social, comparando las experiencias de compra tanto en el canal retail y canal tradicional.
Implementación de un análisis de sentimientos (minería de opinión) en las redes sociales Facebook y Twitter de un club de fútbol colombiano con objetivo de mejorar sus comunicaciones en dichas redes
Authors: Vargas Rodríguez Iván Andrés
Published: March 2017

En los últimos años el análisis de sentimientos (minería de opinión) se ha venido desarrollando como una tendencia de investigación en los países desarrollados, en consecuencia, de los altos volúmenes de contenido que generan los usuarios de las redes sociales, a pesar de ser utilizada en varios sectores como el político, económico y de servicios ha sido escaso la aplicación de estas para le mejora de la comunicación en redes sociales. La presente investigación busca caracterizar la disposición que tienen los seguidores de un club deportivo antes, durante y después de un encuentro futbolístico en el contexto local con objetivo de servir de soporte en la mejora de las comunicaciones emitidas por el club deportivo en Facebook y Twitter.
Atributos de mayor relevancia en el diseño visual de logo-simbolos de marcas del mercado de vehículos en Bogotá
Authors: Gallego Aguilar Julian Fernando
Published: March 2017

Las marcas son el activo más valioso de las empresas, para que logren ser relevantes en el mercado se debe tener en cuenta una arquitectura impecable y una gestión estratégica que ayude al correcto posicionamiento de las mismas y puedan competir significativamente en un mercado. El diseño de una marca no se debe basar en un logo ‘’bonito’’, va mucho más allá de algo tan superficial (Sin desmeritar su importancia), la arquitectura o diseño de una marca debe contemplar los atributos del diseño visual con rigurosidad, permitiendo que sea un activo que transmita correctamente la identidad y los valores de la empresa, por otro lado que logre atraer a los consumidores a los que se dirige. El estudio de las marcas tiene diferentes variables de estudio, en el siguiente texto nos enfocaremos en el diseño visual de logo-símbolos.