bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização hidrodinâmica e hidrodispersiva de um latossolo amarelo na microrregião do brejo paraibano
Authors: Netto André Maciel , Lima Luciano José de Souza , Antonino Antonio Celso Dantas , Souza Eduardo Soares de , Angulo-Jaramillo Rafael
Published: March 2013

Para modelar o fluxo de água e o transporte de soluto em solos são necessários parâmetros hidrodinâmicos e hidrodispersivos como dados de entrada nos modelos numéricos. O experimento de infiltração axissimétrica utilizando um infiltrômetro de anel simples com um traçador conservativo (KCl) é um método simples e eficiente para determinar esses parâmetros no campo. O objetivo deste trabalho consistiu na caracterização hidrodinâmica e hidrodispersiva de um Latossolo Amarelo situado na microrregião do brejo paraibano, no município de Areia, PB, em nível de campo, por meio da infiltrometria de anel simples. Os experimentos foram realizados em uma área cultivada com feijão em uma malha de 50 x 50 m. A condutividade hidráulica saturada, Ks, e a sorvidade, S, foram estimadas pelas análises de infiltração tridimensional axissimétrica para tempos curto e longo. O soluto inerte (Cl-) foi utilizado para o cálculo da fração de água móvel, Φ, por meio da medição da concentração de soluto na camada do solo (0-15 cm) ao final do experimento de infiltração. Um modelo numérico de transferência de soluto com base no conceito de convecção-dispersão (CD) foi utilizado para definir os parâmetros (D e R) de transporte. A infiltrometria de anel simples demonstrou ser um método simples e eficiente para obtenção dos parâmetros hidrodinâmicos e hidrodispersivos. Observou-se boa concordância entre os valores medidos e calculados (v, D e R) com o modelo CD observado pelos coeficientes de determinação (r²).
Anatomia descritiva aplicada à cinesiologia e biomecânica básica dos músculos da cintura peitoral, estilopódio e zeugopódio do jacaré do papo amarelo
Authors: Romão Mariluce Ferreira , Santos André Luiz Quagliatto , Lima Fabiano Campos
Published: March 2013

Objetivou-se identificar os parâmetros de origem e inserção musculares da cintura peitoral e membro torácico de Caiman latirostris, mediante abordagem anatômica, cinesiológica e biomecânica básica. Foram utilizados dois exemplares de C. latirostris, machos, medindo, em média, 1,50cm de comprimento, adultos, pertencentes ao acervo do Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Animais Silvestres, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia/MG, Brasil. Foi notada postura isométrica entremeando movimentos rotativos, além de grande área de secção transversa, na maioria dos músculos extensores e estabilizadores, conferindo-lhes, maior força, denotando inferências funcionais e organizacionais. Foi possível reconhecer e predefinir o comportamento da espécie investigada, relacionando duração, direção e dimensão dos níveis de ação.
Linfadenectomia laparoscópica em cadela com neoplasia mamária
Authors: Souza Fernando Wiecheteck de , Brun Maurício Veloso , Nardi Andrigo Barboza de , Huppes Rafael Ricardo , Quarterone Carolina , Raposo Talita Mariana Morata , Kasper Priscila Natasha , Oliveira Marília Teresa de , Guedes Rogério Luizari
Published: March 2013

A linfadenectomia laparoscópica é realizada de forma rotineira na medicina, contudo é pouco utilizada na veterinária. Neste relato, um canino fêmea apresentando tumores na cadeia mamária esquerda (M4 e M5), foi submetido à aplicação intradérmica do azul de metileno estéril, ao redor do maior tumor (M5), buscando-se demarcação dos vasos linfáticos e linfonodos regionais. Após 15 minutos, iniciou-se a linfadenectomia abdominal videolaparoscópica na região inguinal esquerda, seguida da ovário-histerectomia (OVH) lapararoscópica com três portais. Realizou-se ainda mastectomia total unilateral esquerda. Pela histologia, obtiveram-se dois linfonodos abdominais livres de células tumorais. A paciente não apresentou recidiva em 60 dias.
Preocupação e insatisfação com o corpo, checagem e evitação corporal em pessoas com transtornos alimentares
Authors: Campana Angela Nogueira Neves Betanho , Tavares Maria da Consolação Gomes Cunha Fernandes , Garcia Júnior Celso
Published: March 2013

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar aspectos da imagem corporal em uma amostra de pessoas com anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa e transtorno alimentar não-especificado. A amostra foi composta por 14 voluntárias atendidas pelo Ambulatório de Transtornos Alimentares da Universidade Estadual de Campinas. O Software de Avaliação Perceptiva foi utilizado para avaliar a insatisfação com o corpo. A preocupação com o corpo, checagem e evitação corporal foram avaliadas pelo Body Shape Questionnaire, Body Checking Questionnaire e Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire, respectivamente. A análise descritiva e as correlações entre as medidas mostraram elevados níveis de insatisfação, checagem, evitação e preocupação com o corpo, com associações significantes. Estes achados evidenciaram a importância dos parâmetros investigados na dinâmica dos transtornos alimentares. Conhecer esses componentes da imagem corporal favorece a ampliação das possibilidades de melhor compreender como se organiza a representação mental do corpo dessas pacientes e planejar mais cuidadosamente as intervenções no decurso do tratamento.
Confiabilidade dos dados de uma população de muito baixo peso ao nascer no Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos 2005-2006
Authors: Guimarães Patrícia Viana , Coeli Claudia Medina , Cardoso Regina Coeli Azeredo , Medronho Roberto de Andrade , Fonseca Sandra Costa , Pinheiro Rejane Sobrino
Published: March 2013

O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a completitude e a concordância entre informações do Sistema de Informação sobre Nascidos Vivos (SINASC) e registros hospitalares em uma situação de elevado risco neonatal. Foi realizado o relacionamento probabilístico entre dados de uma Unidade de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatal pública e do SINASC (2005-2006), o que tornou possível analisar os dados de 170 nascidos vivos, com muito baixo peso ao nascer (500g - 1.499g) presentes em ambas as bases. As variáveis analisadas foram: idade materna, número de consultas de pré-natal, tipo de parto, sexo, peso ao nascer, Apgar 1º e 5º minutos e idade gestacional. A completitude no SINASC variou de 91,8% (Apgar 1º minuto) a 100% (sexo, parto e idade materna). Para avaliação da concordância foram utilizados o coeficiente kappa para variáveis dicotômicas, o coeficiente kappa ponderado para variáveis ordinais, e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) e a abordagem gráfica de Bland-Altman para variáveis contínuas. A concordância foi considerada boa a excelente para Apgar 1º minuto (kappa = 0,98), tipo de parto (kappa = 0,96), idade materna (ICC 0,95), Apgar 5º minuto (kappa = 0,93), sexo (kappa = 0,92) e consultas de pré-natal (kappa = 0,76); mas apenas razoável para idade gestacional (kappa = 0,50) e peso ao nascer (ICC = 0,57). Embora o peso ao nascer possa ser mais susceptível a erros de registro em uma população de risco neonatal elevado, a elevada confiabilidade observada na maioria das variáveis analisadas corrobora a importância do SINASC como fonte de informações para estudos de epidemiologia perinatal, mesmo para situações de elevado risco neonatal.
E-survey with researchers, members of ethics committees and sponsors of clinical research in Brazil: an emerging methodology for scientific research
Authors: Dainesi Sonia Mansoldo , Goldbaum Moisés
Published: March 2013

INTRODUCTION: The growth of Internet users enables epidemiological studies to be conducted electronically, representing a promising methodology for data collection. METHODS: Members of Ethics Committees, Clinical Researchers and Sponsors were interviewed using questionnaires sent over the Internet. Along with the questionnaire, participants received a message explaining the survey and also the informed consent. Returning the questionnaire meant the consent of the participant was given. No incentive was offered; two reminders were sent. RESULTS: The response rate was 21% (124/599), 20% (58/290) and 45% (24/53) respectively for Ethics Committees, Researchers and Sponsors. The percentage of return before the two reminders was about 62%. Reasons for non-response: participant not found, refusal to participate, lack of experience in clinical research or in the therapeutic field. Characteristics of participants: 45% of Ethics Committee participants, 64% of Researchers and 63% of Sponsors were male; mean age (range), respectively: 47 (28-74), 53 (24-72) and 40 (29-65) years. Among Researchers and Sponsors, all respondents had at least a university degree and, in the Ethics Committees group, only two (1.7%) did not have one. Most of the questionnaires in all groups came from the Southeast Region of Brazil, probably reflecting the highest number of clinical trials and research professionals in this region. CONCLUSION: Despite the potential limitations of a survey done through the Internet, this study led to a response rate similar to what has been observed with other models, efficiency in obtaining responses (speed and quality), convenience for respondents and low cost.
Estudo MONISA: características e aspectos metodológicos
Authors: Sousa Thiago Ferreira de , Fonseca Silvio Aparecido , José Helma Pio Mororó , Nahas Markus Vinicius
Published: March 2013

O objetivo é apresentar as características e os procedimentos metodológicos adotados no Estudo Monitoramento dos Indicadores de Saúde e Qualidade de Vida de Acadêmicos (MONISA). Trata-se de um estudo prospectivo, do tipo painel, com inquéritos bianuais em amostras representativas de estudantes de uma universidade pública do Estado da Bahia. Este estudo realizará cinco inquéritos, perfazendo 10 anos de monitoramento (2010 a 2018). A amostra é estratificada e proporcional aos cursos de graduação presenciais, período de estudo (noturno e diurno) e ano de ingresso na universidade. Por fim, os estudantes universitários são selecionados em cada estrato, por meio da lista de matrícula em ordem alfabética. Para obtenção das informações é utilizado um questionário estruturado, com as seguintes seções: indicadores sociodemográficos; indicadores do estilo de vida e saúde; hábitos alimentares e controle do peso corporal; atividades físicas e opções de lazer; comportamentos preventivos; e, indicadores do ambiente e condições de aprendizagem. O pioneirismo do Estudo MONISA poderá auxiliar no esclarecimento de possíveis tendências relacionadas à saúde de estudantes universitários brasileiros e subsidiar informações para propor programas ou projetos de promoção da saúde e qualidade de vida em nível organizacional local.
A influência da prática do aleitamento materno na aquisição de hábitos de sucção não nutritivos e prevenção de oclusopatias
Authors: Moimaz Suzely Adas Saliba , Rocha Najara Barbosa da , Garbin Artênio José Isper , Saliba Orlando
Published: March 2013

OBJETIVO: Neste estudo, objetivou-se verificar a associação entre prática do aleitamento materno, aquisição de hábitos de sucção não nutritivos e oclusopatias. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Trata-se de uma pesquisa do tipo transversal, retrospectiva, na qual foram realizadas entrevistas com 330 mães de crianças de 3 a 6 anos de idade de Araçatuba-SP, após consentimento esclarecido, utilizando-se questionário semiestruturado, testado em estudo piloto. Exames clínicos foram realizados nas crianças (n = 306) para verificação de oclusopatias. Dois pesquisadores foram calibrados (Kappa = 0,91) para realização das entrevistas e exames. Os testes Qui-Quadrado (χ²) e Exato de Fischer foram utilizados para verificar associações, em nível de significância de 5% (p < 0,05). Os dados foram processados no programa EpiInfo e GraphPad®. RESULTADO: A maioria das mães (86,4%) amamentou seus filhos, entretanto, apenas 33,4% delas amamentaram exclusivamente no peito até seis meses de vida. As oclusopatias estiveram presentes em 54% das crianças e, entre estas, 83% não foram amamentadas no peito até seis meses de idade. Os hábitos de sucção não nutritivos estiveram presentes em 53,3% (176) das crianças, sendo o uso de chupeta (31,2%), o mais prevalente. Houve associação significante direta entre a falta de aleitamento materno total e as seguintes variáveis: presença de oclusopatias (p < 0,0001); mordida aberta (p = 0,0001); mordida cruzada anterior (p = 0,0346); hábitos de sucção não nutritivos (p < 0,0001), e uso de chupeta (p < 0,0001). A falta de aleitamento materno exclusivo esteve associada com uso de chupeta (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: O aleitamento materno, além de inúmeras vantagens, exerce papel preventivo na aquisição de hábitos de sucção não nutritivos e na prevalência de oclusopatias.
Effectiveness of gutta-percha and Resilon in filling lateral root canals using thermomechanical technique
Authors: Tanomaru-Filho Mário , Bosso Roberta , Sant'anna-Júnior Arnaldo , Berbert Fábio Luiz Camargo Villela , Guerreiro-Tanomaru Juliane Maria
Published: March 2013

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of gutta-percha and Resilon in filling lateral root canals in cervical, middle, and apical third using a thermomechanical technique. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Root canals of artificial teeth were prepared using a standard preparation. The lateral canals were fabricated using a 0.3-mm-diameter bur at 3 parts of each root. By using Tagger's hybrid technique with a McSpadden thermomechanical compactor, the root canal was filled using the following filling materials: Dentsply gutta-percha, Endopoint gutta-percha, and Resilon cones. The root canal fillings were evaluated using digitized radiographs and the Image Tool software. The percentage of filled area of each lateral canal was determined. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests at a 5% significance level. RESULT: Resilon showed better effectiveness as a filling material. When the three thirds were compared, Resilon was more effective in the apical third than in the cervical third (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Resilon is an effective filling material for lateral root canals using a thermomechanical technique.
Real-Time Evaluation of Carbon Dioxide Production and Sequestration in a Gas Field
Authors: Aschehoug M.. , Kabir C.S.. S.
Published: March 2013

The production of a substantial fraction of carbon dioxide (CO2) in any hydrocarbon-gas stream poses a significant challenge in terms of separation and sequestration. Both environmental concerns and economic incentives encourage the operators to search for safe, cost-effective ways of disposing of CO2.

This paper presents a case study in which a pragmatic solution of CO2 separation at surface and its disposal in a saline aquifer occur in close proximity to its source. A suite of both modern and classical analytical tools is used to understand the production behavior of individual wells. This understanding is imperative because production volume is dictated by the ability to dispose of the associated CO2 volumes to honor the fault-activation pressure limit. The analytical tool kit—transient-productivity index (PI), combined static and dynamic material-balance (MB) methods, and rate-transient analysis (RTA), among others—allowed for the rapid assessment of both the producing gas reservoir and the saline aquifer receiving the CO2 stream.

The use of real-time data allowed a comprehensive assessment of in-place volumes for the source gas and the capacity of the aquifer. The injection of supercritical CO2 suggests that the terminal aquifer pressure has been reached by encountering less-than-expected storage volume and by the lowering of fracture-pressure gradient. On-time learning has allowed the asset team to search for alternative CO2-disposal solutions to ensure continuous gas production from this field.
A new methodological protocol for the use of dendrogeomorphological data in flood risk analysis
Authors: Díez-Herrero A. , Ballesteros-Cánovas J. A. , Bodoque J. M. , Ruiz-Villanueva V.
Published: March 2013

Dendrogeomorphology uses information sources recorded in the roots, trunks and branches of trees and bushes located in the fluvial system to complement (or sometimes even replace) systematic and palaeohydrological records of past floods. The application of dendrogeomorphic data sources and methods to palaeoflood analysis over nearly 40 years has allowed improvements to be made in frequency and magnitude estimations of past floods. Nevertheless, research carried out so far has shown that the dendrogeomorphic indicators traditionally used (mainly scar evidence), and their use to infer frequency and magnitude, have been restricted to a small, limited set of applications. New possibilities with enormous potential remain unexplored. New insights in future research of palaeoflood frequency and magnitude using dendrogeomorphic data sources should: (1) test the application of isotopic indicators (16O/18O ratio) to discover the meteorological origin of past floods; (2) use different dendrogeomorphic indicators to estimate peak flows with 2D (and 3D) hydraulic models and study how they relate to other palaeostage indicators; (3) investigate improved calibration of 2D hydraulic model parameters (roughness); and (4) apply statistics-based cost–benefit analysis to select optimal mitigation measures. This paper presents an overview of these innovative methodologies, with a focus on their capabilities and limitations in the reconstruction of recent floods and palaeofloods.
Historic floods in the city of Prague – a reconstruction of peak discharges for 1481–1825 based on documentary sources
Authors: Elleder L. , Herget J. , Roggenkamp T. , Nießen A.
Published: March 2013

The paper aims to reconstruct peak discharges of historic floods in an urbanized area of the historic city of Prague based on documentary sources from pre-instrumental and the early instrumental period (1481–1825). Approximately 20–30 maximum water levels are denoted by flood-marks, accounts describing or related at unchanged sites, or by early instrumental measurements. The challenge in this reconstruction is the identification and consideration of man-made floodplain modifications influencing the cross-section area and the hydraulic roughness. In order to overcome this problem, a simple approach to estimate peak discharges of historic floods has been developed and applied to the River Vltava. This approach includes a procedure for reconstructing the hydraulic parameters of the river channel and inundated floodplain, coupled with an approach for the verification of estimated peak discharge reliability. As a result of the different hydraulic characteristics associated with ice jam floods all winter-flood events are excluded to avoid their potential inclusion. We present 18 reconstructed discharge maxima. The validation of the technique by comparison with the recent gauged flood of 2002 reveals results of adequate accuracy. The comparison also shows that the flood event of 2002 was conspicuously greater than all calculated summer floods in 1481–1825.
Eolian and fluvial sedimentation in the southwestern Sinai Mountains, Egypt: a record of flash floods during the late Pleistocene
Authors: Völkel Jörg , Grunert Jörg , Leopold Matthias , Hürkamp Kerstin , Huber Juliane , Murray Andrew
Published: March 2013

Wadis emerging from the southwestern Sinai Mountains (Egypt) westwards to the Gulf of Suez are filled by >40 m thick late Pleistocene sediments, which have been subsequently incised to bedrock after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Sedimentation and erosion resulted from changes in the basin's hydrological conditions caused by climate variations. Sediment characteristics indicate distinct processes ranging from high to low energy flow regimes. Airborne material is important as a sediment source. The fills are associated with alluvial fans at wadi mouths at the mountain fronts. Each alluvial fan is associated and physically correlated with the respective sediment fill in its contributing wadi. The alluvial fans have steep gradients and are only a few kilometers long or wide. The alluvial fans converge as they emerge from the adjacent valleys. According to optically stimulated luminescence dating, the initial sediment has an age of ∼45 ka and the sedimentation ends ∼19 ka, i.e., happened mainly during marine isotope stage (MIS) 3 and early MIS 2 formation and initial incision sometime during LGM. As the delivery of sediments in such a hyper-arid environment is by extreme floods, this study indicates an interval of intense fluvial activity, probably related to increased frequency of extreme floods in Southern Sinai. This potentially indicates a paleoclimatic change in this hyper-arid environment.
Preface by the Editor
Authors: Szallasi Arpad
Published: March 2013

With over 600 reviews, Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels arguably represent today’s most extensively reviewed pharmacological targets. The literature on TRP channels is vast and still growing: it has exploded from a mere 21 papers in 1995 to over 2,000 in the past two years. In the past fifteen years, the field had shown spectacular progress. From the cloning of the vanilloid (capsaicin) recep a novel class of analgesic agents.tor TRPV1 in 1997 it has taken only a decade for the first small molecule TRPV1 antagonists to enter clinical trials as

So why to add another review collection to this already overwhelming body of literature? First, new therapeutic tar-gets are emerging (e.g. TRPA1 and TRPV3) that look even more promising than TRPV1. Second, even the most studied TRP channel, TRPV1, continues to surprise. One might ar-gue that we are still at the beginning of the long and arduous road to obtain clinically useful analgesic drugs targeting TRP channels. It remains to be discovered if TRP channels are really Targets for Pain Relief, but it has already been clear that Bernd Nilius was right in calling TRP channels “Truly
Remarkable Proteins.”
Roles of TRPA1 in Pain Pathophysiology and Implications for the Development of a New Class of Analgesic Drugs
Authors: Radresa Olivier , Dahllöf Henrik , Nyman Eva , Nolting Andreas , Albert Jeffrey S. , Raboisson Patrick
Published: March 2013

The Transient Receptor Potential A1 (TRPA1) ion channel has evolved in animals to respond to signals from a variety of sensory stimuli. Many structural determinants of its multimodal activation have been identified to date. TRPA1 activities include responses to exogenous chemical irritants, responses to endogenous inflammatory mediators, zinc, voltage, temperature or stretch and subtle yet critical modulation by calcium ions. TRPA1 has emerged as an important target for several types of pain and inflammatory conditions because of its limited expression profile and its demonstrated roles in mediating different types of pain and sensitization of peripheral sensory afferents. Despite observed species differences in channel pharmacology, recent genetic evidence in human brings some hope that preclinical efficacy in disease models will translate to patient condition. During the past decade, various groups have investigated the development of a new class of analgesic drugs or anti-tussive agents aimed at blocking TRPA1 activity in primary sensory afferents. Several
companies are advancing toward clinical proof of concept studies. This review aims to summarize key advances in the understanding of TRPA1 with regard to its roles and implications for patient conditions.
Salinity effects on yield, yield components and nutrient ions in rapeseed genotypes
Authors: Rameeh Valiollah , Cherati Ali , Abbaszadeh Farid
Published: March 2013

Soil salinity is a major restriction to crop production in many areas of the
world. Seven spring types of rapeseed genotypes were evaluated in four
salinity levels of irrigation water including 0, 4, 8 and 12 dsm-1. A
factorial experiment based on completely randomized design with 3
replications was considered for evaluation of 28 treatments at green house
condition. Significant mean square of salinity levels was observed for plant
height, pods per plant, 1000-seed weight, seed yield, calcium (Ca), potassium
(K) and sodium (Na), indicating significant differences of salinity levels
for these traits. The genotypes had significant differences for all the
studied traits except Ca. Significant positive correlations were detected
among plant height and seed yield and other yield associated traits including
number of pods per plant, 1000-seed weight and K, therefore the genotypes
with high plant height in saline environment will have high seed yield and
yield associated traits. The genotype L18 with high mean values of 1000-seed
weight and seed yield was more tolerant to salinity than the other genotypes.
Correlation function and electronic spectral line broadening in relativistic plasmas
Authors: Douis S. , Meftah M.T.
Published: March 2013

The electrons dynamics and the time autocorrelation function Cee(t) for the
total electric microfield of the electrons on positive charge impurity
embedded in a plasma are considered when the relativistic dynamic of the
electrons is taken into account. We have, at first, built the effective
potential governing the electrons dynamics. This potential obeys a nonlinear
integral equation that we have solved numerically. Regarding the electron
broadening of the line in plasma, we have found that when the plasma
parameters change, the amplitude of the collision operator changes in the
same way as the time integral of Cee(t). The electron-impurity interaction is
taken at first time as screened Deutsh interaction and at the second time as
Kelbg interaction. Comparisons of all interesting quantities are made with
respect to the previous interactions as well as between classical and
relativistic dynamics of electrons.
German experiences in documenting and presenting information about past crimes to the public
Authors: Nikolic-Ristanovic Vesna
Published: March 2013

This paper aims to present German experiences in documenting the crimes of
the past using Berlin as a case study. The first part provides a brief
overview of the history and the broader social context in which the process
of dealing with the past took place in Germany in general, and in Berlin in
particular, as well as the most important characteristics of data on crimes
that were presented to the public. The second part provides an overview and
analysis of the data presented in two memorials: the Topography of Terror and
the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe. These two memorials are examples
of presenting information about war crimes that can be considered as fairly
inclusive, thus the goal of their presentation is to highlight the potential
that these approaches may have in creating a social memory and the overall
attitude of society toward the past. The findings presented in this paper are
the result of the research carried out by the author in Berlin in June 2011.
Steps towards improving the system of records, collection and monitoring of data relevant to statistics within the system of juvenile justice in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Stevanovic Ivana
Published: March 2013

The paper emphasises the importance of ?good statistics of juvenile justice?
as one of the basis for a clearer overview of the juvenile crime situation,
in order to create unique policies at local and national levels for the
suppression and prevention of this phenomenon, and to create appropriate
areas for action in terms of improving the system reform. The author
particularly gives a review of the ?Global Indicators in Juvenile Justice?
which present the basic set of data and comparative tool that provides a
basis for the assessment and evaluation of services and policies in the field
of juvenile justice, and highlights the importance of compatibility of
?national indicators? with them. Particular attention in the paper has been
devoted to the overview and analysis of the necessary measures to improve
this field, that were prepared and delivered to the relevant ministries and
institutions by the Council for Monitoring and Promoting the work of Bodies
Engaged in Criminal Proceeding and Enforcement of Juvenile Criminal Sanctions
Involving Juveniles - Juvenile Justice Council (hereinafter: the Council). It
was pointed, first of all, at the suggestions made by the Council to the
Ministry of Justice with the aim to improve the Program for automated record
keeping, at the necessary changes of the Court rules, and certain amendments
to Forms SK- 3 and SK- 4 of the Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia
were presented.
Concentration of crime as a measure of repeat victimization
Authors: Vasiljevic-Prodanovic Danica
Published: March 2013

It is well known that large proportion of all crimes are commited against
victims who have been victimized before. Focusing preventive measures on
repeat victims may help reduce repeat victimization as well as the crime
rate. In order to achieve this, we have to identify cases of repeat
victimization. Research on concentration of crime is very important for
understanding crime trends and detecting areas with repeated victimization.
Knowledge of concentration of crime may help planning of preventive
strategies. If there is a high concentration of crime, prevention strategy
will be oriented to individuals that are at risk of repeated victimization.
The aim of this paper is to highlight the significance of research on
concentration of crime as a parameter indicating the extent of repeated
victimization.
Place of the victim in records of violence against children
Authors: Stevkovic Ljiljana
Published: March 2013

The possibility of identifying the scope, prevalence and incidence of
violence against children, at the national and international level, is
determined by the way of measurement and the kind of information available on
this type of crime. The starting point for successful preventive and
combative measures of victimization of children is an efficient system of
recording and presenting the data on violence to which they are exposed to,
based on the information from the incident, the family, the perpetrator and
the victim. This paper aims to identify and analyze ways of recording and the
type of available data on violence against children, as well as the place of
child victim in the officially presented data at the global and national
level. In doing so, the paper was based on the research of relevant
international and national literature in the field of judicial and social
protection statistics, publications based on data from the judiciary, those
based on the use of victimization surveys and other prospective or
retrospective research of violent victimization experiences in childhood. At
the very least an analysis of the Serbian approach to this area is given.
War brought home: Post-traumatic stress disorder in the post-Vietnam America through the documentary form of Emily Mann‘s play still life
Authors: Radovanovic Aleksandar
Published: March 2013

The collective moral dilemma that the United States society plunged into
during the Vietnam War was intensified by the problem of Post-Traumatic
Stress Disorder, which assumed undreamed- of proportions among returnees from
the front. In her play Still Life, Emily Mann uses the example of a war
veteran in order to examine PTSD not only in the context of war brutality
which scars the warrior?s psyche, but also in the light of malign social
circumstances which contribute to the development of the illness. The play
suggests that the spread of PTSD was rooted not only in the technological
advancement which enhanced the destructive potential of weaponry, but also in
the state ideology which manifested itself in dehumanization of the enemy,
shifting the burning issue of racism to the frontline, and enlistment policy
based on class and racial discrimination. Traumatic experiences of the play?s
protagonists create an image of America in which boot camp for Vietnam was
not limited to Parris Island, but pervaded the society through family and
institutional dysfunction. Their confessions trace the war on its way back
home, as a place from which it has sprung and is still being waged in,
finding its victims both in veterans and people in their immediate
surroundings. The playwright employs ?Theatre of Testimony? in order to
dramatize and simultaneously document her findings, which is why this paper
deals in equal measure with her dramatic method and the way the content of
the play interacts with the Vietnam heritage.
Conceptualizing child labour trafficking and exploitation: The case of Roma children in Montenegro
Authors: Arhin Antonela
Published: March 2013

Trafficking of children for labour exploitation is a profit-oriented criminal
activity by which children are recruited, transported, harboured or received
for the purpose of labour exploitation irrespective of whether or not force,
abduction, fraud or other means were used. This paper examines child labour
trafficking in the context of human rights violations and as the worst form
of child labour. In an attempt to situate the discourse of alleged labour
exploitation and trafficking of Roma children in Montenegro, focusing in
particular on instances of child begging, this paper offers an overview of
the international legal framework as well as the Government of Montenegro?s
policy framework relevant to this issue; an analysis of implicated
historical, familial and cultural structures; and focuses on identifying root
causes in terms of push-pull factors that are associated with enhancing
children?s vulnerability and proneness to exploitation. Along with a set of
recommendations, in closing, the paper calls for a more sophisticated
analysis of child labour trafficking and, in the case of Roma children, a
more nuanced understanding of historical and cultural pretexts against the
backdrop of labour trafficking.
Reconstruction of the equation of state for the cyclic universes in homogeneous and isotropic cosmology
Authors: Bamba Kazuharu , Yesmakhanova Kuralay , Yerzhanov Koblandy , Myrzakulov Ratbay
Published: March 2013

We study the cosmological evolutions of the equation of state (EoS) for the universe in the homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) space-time. In particular, we reconstruct the cyclic universes by using the Weierstrass and Jacobian elliptic functions. It is explicitly illustrated that in several models the universe always stays in the non-phantom (quintessence) phase, whereas there also exist models in which the crossing of the phantom divide can be realized in the reconstructed cyclic universes.
Investigation of turbulent flow field in a Kenics static mixer by Laser Doppler Anemometry
Authors: Murasiewicz Halina , Jaworski Zdzislaw
Published: March 2013

The main purpose of the present paper was to apply the Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) technique to measure turbulent liquid flow in a Kenics static mixer. The LDA set-up was a one-channel backscatter system with argon-ion laser. Measurements in the static mixer were carried out for three values of the Reynolds number: 5000, 10000, and 18000. Water was used as the process liquid. Values of the axial and tangential components of the local, mean, and root mean square velocities were measured inside the static mixer. It was observed that the shape of the velocity profile depends strongly on the Reynolds number, Re, as well as on the axial, h, and radial, α, position of the measurement point. Strong dependence of the velocity fluctuations on the Reynolds number was found in the investigated range of Re and the measurement point position. Furthermore, one-dimensional energy spectra of the velocity fluctuations were also obtained by means of the Fast Fourier Transform. Fluctuation spectra of the axial and tangential velocities provided information about the energy density of velocity fluctuations in the observed range of Reynolds numbers. A study of the energy spectra led to the conclusion that the energy density increases with the increasing radial distance from the mixer walls at constant values of h, Re, and α. Minor variations in the mean value of the energy density, E, were observed together with variations of the measurement point angular position, α. In addition, it was observed that an increase of the Reynolds number causes significant increase of the power spectral density.
Butterfly diversity and abundance with reference to habitat heterogeneity in and around Neora Valley National Park, West Bengal, India
Authors: Roy Utpal Singha , Mukherjee Mayukh , Mukhopadhyay S. K.
Published: March 2013

Butterfly diversity in and around Neora Valley National Park (NVNP), West Bengal, India was studied from three different habitat types that included thick vegetation assemblage with closed canopy cover, edges of forest and areas of human intervention during April – May 2010. A total of 30 butterfly species belonging to the families of Hespeririidae (3.33%), Papilionidae (16.65%), Pieriidae (13.32%), Nymphalidae (53.28%) and Lycaenidae (13.32%) were identified in the present investigation. Highest butterfly diversity and abundance was recorded from areas of forest edges (54.83% of individuals represented by 16 different species), while dense forest (30.64 % of individuals represented by 11 different species) and areas with human habitats (14.52 % of individuals represented by 8 different species) showed lower butterfly diversity and abundance. Accordingly highest Shannon Weiner diversity score of 2.32 was recorded from areas of forest edges. The butterflies that showed high occurrences were Indian Tortoise Shell (Aglais cashmiriensis), Yellow Coster (Acraea issoria) and Himalayan Five Ring (Ypthima sakra). Only 1 butterfly species, Yellow Coster (A. issoria) was found to co-occur in all the three sites. Accelerating human civilizations has lead to destruction of much of the global natural habitats while it has often been found to exert adverse effects on biodiversity. Findings made during this study also indicate negative influence of anthropogenic intervention on overall butterfly diversity from the present location.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7751
Comparative Study of Carp Pituitary Gland (PG) Extract and Synthetic Hormone Ovaprim Used in the Induced Breeding of Stinging Catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis (Siluriformes: Heteropneustidae)
Authors: Hossain Md. Belal , Rahman Md. Mosaddequr , Sarwer Md. Golam , Ali Md. Yusuf , Ahamed Ferdous , Rahman Sharmeen , Fulanda Bernerd , Rahman Mohammad Mustafizur , Subba Bharat Raj , Hossain Md. Yeamin
Published: March 2013

The present study compared the effectiveness of the Carp pituitary gland extract (PGE) and the synthetic hormone Ovaprim on spawning success of the stinging catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis during induced breeding. The PGE hormone was administered at 6 mg/kg of body weight for females and 2 mg/kg of body weight for males. In contrast, Ovaprim was administered at 0.3 ml/kg body weight and 0.1 ml/kg of body weight for females and males, respectively. The spawning success was higher in the Ovaprim-induced individuals with better performance recorded at all stages of spawning including latency period, ovulation, fertilization, hatching and incubation period compared to the PGE-induced individuals. In the Ovaprim induced individuals, the latency period occurred within 10 hours while in PG-induced individuals, the latency was after 15 hours. Similarly, ovulation rate was 90% for Ovaprim injected fish but lower 78.7% for PGE injected fish. Higher rate of fertilization was observed in the eggs of Ovaprim treated fishes 86.7% compared to 69.2% in PGE induced fish. On the other hand, hatching rate was 76.9% in eggs spawned from Ovaprim induced individuals compared to 72.7% in PGE induced fish and the incubation period was also shorter at 3.5 h for eggs from Ovaprim-induced fish while the PGE induced fish eggs required a 5-h incubation period. Finally, the results showed that Ovaprim treated fish yielded better results compared the PGE treated fish in terms of ovulation, fertilization and hatching rates of H. fossilis.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7755
Metal Pollution Indices of Surface Sediment and Water from the Upper Reaches of Sombriero River, Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Howard Ibigoni Clinton , Olulu Briggs Amonia
Published: March 2013

Metal pollution indices of the surface sediments and water of the upper reaches of Sombriero river was investigated using Absorption Spectrophotometery. The data obtained for the metals- Cd, Pb, V, Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn showed consistency in the metal pollution indices of the various stations of the study area.   The stations with higher pollution indices were related to areas of intense activities.  Several metal pair correlations were obtained in the surface sediments than in the surface water. Both media had Zn-Cd and Cu-Fe metal pair correlations. The pattern of the metals in the surface water at 95% significant level is Fe>Zn = Cu = Pb = N = Cd = V while that of the sediment is Fe>Zn = Cu = Ni = Pb = V = Cd. Each of the metals differed significantly between the media (P<0.05) sediment > water, indicating the former to be a better monitoring index of aquatic pollution by these metals. In comparison to other related work the degree of contamination of the upper reaches of the Sombriero River is low but a gradual enrichment of these pollutants could have a deleterious effect on the aquatic resources of the area and the consumers thereof.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7783
Cytological Effects of Leaf Extract of Artemisia vulgaris L. on Meristematic Cells of Allium cepa L.
Authors: Rai P.D. , Paudel N. , Shakya S.R.
Published: March 2013

Artemisia vulgaris L., a perennial aromatic shrub with bitter taste, is considered as a medicinal plant and water extract of it consists of active components like psilostachyin A, psilostachy C, Exiguaflavanone A, Maackiain, fernenol with both anti-bacterial and medicinal value. It has been used to perserve crops and stored grains both in liquid and powder by farmers. The cytological effect was observed in 5, 7.5, 10 and 20% concentrations of Leaf Extract of Artemisia vulgaris (LEA) on Allium cepa L. in five different time durations. The present study showed the correlation between concentration of LEA and duration of treatment in controlled state. Higher concentrations of LEA as well as longer duration of treatment generate the inhibitory effect on the division of cells. Lower concentration of LEA showed less effect on Mitotic Index value (MI) in comparison with control value, which is attributed to delay in metabolic activities. It also showed the change in phase indices and induced chromosomal abnormalities among the phases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7787
Redescription of leaf miners (Agromyzidae) infesting pods of legumes from India and Nepal
Authors: Thapa Ram Bahadur
Published: March 2013

Two species of pod flies under the genus Melanagromyza Hendel were reared, redescribed and illustrated from India. These were Melanagromyza albisquama (Malloch) and Melanogromyza obtusa (Malloch). Melanagromyza albisquama (Malloch) was reared from seeds of Alysicarpus moniliform Dc., Alysicarpus rugosus Dc. (Linn.), Alysicarpus vaginalis (Linn.) Dc. and Desmodium gangeticum Dc. from Uttar Pradesh India. This is a first report from India. The second species reared, re-described and illustrated from India was Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) from pods of Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp. and Flemingia congesta Roxb. Melanagromyza obtusa (Malloch) was also reared from pods of Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp. from Biratnagar, eastern Nepal (Thapa, 2000) and this is the first report from Nepal. Variation within these species, were also described and illustrated, with genitalia preparation. The biology of albisquama (Malloch) has been clarified from India (Thapa, 1991). Descriptions and genitalia illustration broadly agreed with the illustrations figured by (Spencer, 1963, 1977). Variation within the species was also studied by the author (Thapa, 1991). Sehgal (1987) had also collected and reared large series of this species from several localities in Terai and Kumaon and Garhwal regions of Northern India on its widely cultivated host plants, Cajanus cajan (Linn.) Millsp. and an alternate wild host Flemingia congesta Roxb. Spencer (1973, 1977) has listed Cajanus indicus Spreng, Flemingia sp. and Phaseolus radiatus Linn. as leguminous hosts of this species. Six new species of other stem flies infesting mostly legumes were also discovered under the genus Melanagromyza (stem flies) from Pantnagar, northen India. These were: M . pathaki new;  M .glycini new species; M . denticulata Willd. new species; M . pisiphaga new species; M . sehgali new species ; M .vicivora new species.New names have been proposed to them as per International rules of Zoological Nomenclature. Thapa (2012) has redescribed M. sojae (Zehntner) under Melanagromyza Hendel from India and Nepal.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7794
Population Status Studies and Anthropogenic Impact on Birds of Biratnagar Sub-Metropolis
Authors: Jha Kanchan , Subba Bharat Raj
Published: March 2013

Birds have always fascinated man by their exquisite coloration. They have their functional role in the ecosystem as potential pollinators and scavengers, indeed rightly called bioindicators. Nepal being a mega diversity centre harbors more than 873 species of birds which amounts to 10% of the world. Recently with increase consciousness for biodiversity census and monitoring, many new species have been added to the list. The subtropical climate and greenery of Biratnagar sub-metropolis provide good habitat for several bird species but in the past three decades drastic changes have taken place in the environment of this place because of anthropogenic activities and climate change. Several commonly visible birds’ species have left to turn out. Habitats of birds have shrunk here in such a way that very limited species of birds have become successful to show their representatives in this situation. Considering gradual loss of habitats because of increasing anthropogenic impacts and climate change, an attempt was made to study the present bird status of Biratnagar- sub metropolis. In twelve months of regular observation, eighty-one species of birds belonging to thirty-three families were recorded. Frequency of bird was counted by line transect method. The main five sites Tintolia- Balwahi (Latitude 26°26'32.4"N and Longitude 087°18'09.4"E), Baijnathpur, Ginaghat (Latitude 26029’59.8”N and Longitude 087017’53.2”E)”, Keshaliyakhola (Latitude 26°27'00"N and Longitude 087014.4’48.5”E), Dudhfarm (Latitude 26029’57.6”N and Longitude 087016’44.5”E) and Old airport (Latitude 26025’40.8”N Longitude 087016’34.3”E) were selected for study. On the basis of feeding habit birds recorded were carnivore 28.38%, omnivore 14.80%, insectivore 40.72%, fructivore 3.70%, grainivore 11.70% and nectivore 1.23%. The Shannon Wiener diversity index in summer and winter were found to be 3.68361 and 4.1328 respectively. The recorded birds were common 59.23%, fairly common 28.38% and 12.34% uncommon.  The main causes of declining bird population in Biratnagar were found to have been anthropogenic impacts such as encroachment of habitats and feeding and breeding areas, use of insecticides, change in land use pattern, urbanization, poaching and effect of climate change.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7796
Redescription of Cyclestheria hislopi (Baird, 1859) (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Diplostraca: Cyclestherida) from Chennai, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sonia R. , Ramanibai R. , Kanniga S.
Published: March 2013

Conchostracans are commonly known as “Clam Shrimps” because their superficial resemblance with that of bivalved molluscs. There are five families established under this group and their ineterrelationships to each other are unclear until today. All of them possess a bivalved carapace with two valves joined by a strong adductor muscle. Reduced abdomen and their ability to be completely enclosed within a bivalved carapace is the key and unique character which isolate this group from other anostracans and notostracans.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7797