bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tactics of combined/complex treatment of patients with breast cancer with isolated metastatic lesions of supraclavicular or parasternal lymph nodes
Authors: Kupriyanov P. , Zikiryakhodzhaev A. , Reshetov I. , Rasskazova E. , Khugaeva F. , Butova Yu. , Duadze I.
Published: March 2024

Purpose. To evaluate the treatment tactics for patients with breast cancer (BC) with isolated metastatic lesions of the supraclavicular or parasternal lymph nodes (LNs). Material and methods. We analyzed the data of 134 patients with breast cancer, who were divided into 2 groups: 1st (n=83) – patients with lesions of the supraclavicular and parasternal lymph nodes, both isolated and in combination with lesions of any other groups of lymph nodes; 2nd (n=51) – patients with isolated or combined lesions of only subclavian or axillary lymph nodes. In group 1, lymphadenectomy was performed in 27 patients (subgroup 1A), radiation therapy of the affected lymph nodes was performed in 56 (subgroup 1B). In group 2, patients received chemotherapy for the affected lymph nodes. Results. Survival after 1 year of observation was almost the same in subgroups 1A (surgical treatment of lymph nodes) and 1B (radiation therapy of lymph nodes) – 96.3 and 96.4%, respectively; after 3 years of observation – 77.8 and 80.4%, respectively; 5-year survival rate – 33.3 and 44.6%, respectively. However, the data obtained were statistically unreliable. Conclusion. When comparing 5-year overall survival, surgical removal of metastatic supraclavicular and parasternal lymph nodes is inferior to radiation therapy. Thus, it can be assumed that excluding the surgical stage of LN treatment does not worsen the results of therapy in the group of patients with breast cancer and metastatic lesions of supraclavicular or parasternal LNs.
The Implementation of The Social Role of Sociology Teachers in The Community (Study of Teachers in North Lombok)
Authors: Masyhuri Masyhuri , Suud Suud , Ilyas Muhammad
Published: March 2024

This research aims to describe the implementation of the social role of high school sociology teachers in North Lombok within the community and the influencing factors. This is a qualitative descriptive study. The research subjects are high school sociology teachers in North Lombok. The informants are community leaders in the areas where the research subjects reside. Data were collected using interview techniques, observation, and documentary study. Data analysis was conducted through qualitative analysis steps, including data reduction, data presentation, verification/conclusion drawing. The results of the research show that the implementation of the social role of high school sociology teachers in North Lombok in the community includes: (1) as leaders in the community, both formal leaders and informal leaders. Formal leaders serve as village heads, while informal leaders serve as heads of local community organizations, women's groups, and mosque/musalla construction committees. (2) as facilitators in finding donors to support public facility development. (3) as mediators connecting youth with local community leaders to communicate various programs initiated by the youth. (4) as initiators of various activities, including initiating the establishment of Islamic schools, initiating the creation of Quranic reading centers, initiating the renovation of mosques and musallahs, and initiating social service activities. (5) as participants, with sociology teachers actively participating in various community activities, such as community work groups, community cleanup, reforestation, social service activities, sports events, and local community competitions. Factors influencing the implementation of the social role of high school sociology teachers in North Lombok within the community include supporting factors and hindering factors. Supporting factors consist of family support and local community solidarity. Hindering factors include the busyness of the community with unpredictable work schedules and the relatively low level of education in the local community, which makes it challenging to build understanding and awareness among the local population.
High fluorescent lymphocytes in dengue infection; A navigator for hematopathologists.
Authors: Fariha Nasreen  , Attika Khalid  , Madeeha Rehan  , Asma Shaikh  , Humaira Rehman
Published: March 2024

Objective: The aim of this research is the early detection of dengue infection on the basis of presence of high fluorescent lymphocyte (HFL) which enables the clinicians to tailor further investigations and early commencement of treatment to prevent complications and thus can reduce mortality and morbidity in dengue patients. Study Design: Prospective Research. Setting: Fauji Foundation Hospital in Rawalpindi. Period: February 2022 to July 2022. Material & Methods: Samples of Full blood counts (FBC) received in Pathology laboratory were processed on automated Hematology analyzer Sysmex XN-series (XN-1000). All the FBCs that were of known dengue patients were excluded from the study. The FBCs with High Fluorescent Lymphocytes on White blood cell differential fluorescence (WDF) scattergram were selected and evaluated. Detection of dengue infection was done by using Dengue Virus ELISA (IgM and IgG) test. Results: Among one hundred samples with High Fluorescence Lymphocyte there were 77% were Dengue Positive. Binomial test did give a significant association of Dengue with High Fluorescence Lymphocyte (p<0.01). Conclusion: We draw the conclusion that presence of high fluorescent lymphocytes helps in the early detection of dengue positive cases.
Neo-onset myocardial infraction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft with and without long cross clamp time.
Authors: Muhammad Ammar  , Madeeha Ghafoor  , Shahbaz Hussain  , Ammar Azam  , Syed Muhammad Bahar Ali Bukhari  , Yumna Zaheer
Published: March 2024

Objective: To compare the frequency of new onset perioperative myocardial infarction in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft with and without long cross clamp time. Study Design: Randomized Control Trial. Setting: Department of Cardiac Surgery at the CH. Muhammad Akram Teaching and Research, Lahore. Period: 10th Feb 2023 to 10th June 2023. Material & Methods: Patients were admitted through out-patient department one week prior to the operation and randomized to Group L (longer aortic cross-clamp time) and Group S (shorter time). Preoperative electrocardiogram was recorded for every patient. After surgery patients were shifted to intensive care unit. Development of perioperative myocardial infarction was the major outcome variable. Results: In our study, frequency of perioperative myocardial infarction in both groups was 7% in Group-L and 3% in Group-S with a p value was 0.19. Conclusion: In summary, our study sheds light on the notable difference in the frequency of perioperative myocardial infarction among patients undergoing CABG, particularly in relation to cross clamp time. While our findings present valuable insights, the necessity for further validation through multicenter trials with a larger sample size is evident.
Effect of pre-morbid frailty status on in hospital mortality in critically ill patients.
Authors: Ravi Kumar  , Fakhir Raza Haidri  , Nazia Arain  , Adnan Abbas Rizvi  , Heeralal  , Ramesh Kumar
Published: March 2024

Objective: To determine the pre-morbid frailty and its association with in-hospital mortality among critically ill patients admitted in intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: ICU of Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation, Karachi, Pakistan. Period: December 2022 to July 2023. Material & Methods: Patients of age 18 years or older, admitted to the ICU were included. Frailty was defined as per Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS). Detailed history was taken to assess frailty status two weeks prior to hospital admission. Patients were classified as pre-morbid frail if their score was higher than 4. Results: Total 151 patients were analyzed with median age of 47 (IQR= 33-59) years. There were 106 (70.2%) male patients, whereas and 92 (60.9%) were having comorbidities. Median CFS score was 4 (IQR=3-5). Out of 151 patients admitted to ICU, 56 (37.1%) had frail. Odds of frailty were increasing with increasing age and among those who had comorbidity. Mechanical ventilation (MV) days (p=0.234), hemodynamic support days (p=0.216) and LOS (p=0.903) were not significantly different among frail and non-frail patients. Nearly half of the patients had died (49%). Mortality was noted in 74 (49.0%) patients. Need of MV, hemodynamic support, APACHEII and SOFA score were associated with mortality (p<0.05). Conclusion: There was considerable burden of frailty among critically ill patients admitted in ICU. However, in-hospital outcomes including mechanical ventilation, hemodynamic support and mortality were not associated with frailty status.
Correlation between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Authors: Huma Liaqat  , Muhammad Salman Aamir  , Shahida Perveen  , Saba Samreen  , Haris Gul  , Babur Salim
Published: March 2024

Objective: To figure out correlation between neutrophils to lymphocyte ratio in rheumatoid arthritis and its relationship with the disease severity. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Department of Rheumatology Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Period: July 1st to December 31st, 2021. Material & Methods: Study population included rheumatoid arthritis patients fulfilling American college for rheumatology criteria. On the basis of disease activity score-28 (DAS-28), the subjects were categorised into active and remission groups. The control group consisted of healthy age and gender matched subjects. Relationship between neutrophils to lymphocytes ratio with disease activity was analyzed. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: 140 patients with RA were evaluated along with 70 healthy control subjects. NLR was higher in active RA (1.99±0.84) as compared to RA with remission (1.76±0.41) and controls (1.77±0.79). p value<0.05 was obtained which was statistically significant. NLR is significantly correlated with CDAI and SDAI (r=0.24, p=0.04 each). CRP and ESR were also significantly higher in active RA patients compared to those in remission (p<0.005 and p<0.00 respectively) and control group. Conclusion: The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is a measure derived from a simple blood test. An elevated NLR is often considered an indicator of systemic inflammation. High NLR values may suggest increased inflammation and immune system activation, which are key features of RA. NLR may serve as a less expensive and easily accessible marker to detect inflammation in RA. It can be utilized in future as disease assessment tool.
REDE DE ENFRENTAMENTO Á VIOLÊNCIA CONTRA A MULHER E O PAPEL DA DELEGACIA NA PROMOÇÃO DA ODS 16
Authors: Santos Luiza Beatriz Saraiva , Santos Matheus Xavier , Silveira Camilly Vitoria , Ramos Emmanuelle Muniz , Guimarães Anny Caroline Fagundes
Published: March 2024

A violência de gênero é uma problemática recorrente que envolve não apenas agressões físicas, mas também
a desvalorização e submissão das mulheres. Historicamente, a maioria das sociedades foram domin
MODERN DESIGN TOOLS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GRAPHIC DESIGN DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Hussain Abdualee Almnshdawy
Published: March 2024

A scheme for considering design as a complex system with appropriate linguistics and a significant replenishment of the design system with new categories useful for further theoretical research and practical use is developed. The state of modern design is considered, its purpose is the expediency of existence, the harmony of the architectural and subject environment, the technical perfection of products with technological feasibility and economic efficiency, ergonomic comfort and environmental priority. Its social significance is the creation of a secure and decent way of life and work, artistic imagery of the object world, social self-organization and humanization of society, the formation of social consciousness, inspiration, purification, ennoblement of a person, his or her spiritual revival and recovery, the acquisition of labor and creative motivation and, as a result, the progressive economic development of society. The article discusses media design as an innovative development of design, paying attention to media design in the system of modern Internet technologies. Information and communication technologies as a set of methods and software and hardware expand the scope of media design in the information space, which contributes to the meaningful assimilation of information. Thanks to high-quality media design and its mobility, modern information Internet technologies provide relevance, selectivity, interactivity, multimedia, rapid production and distribution of interactive technologies.
AI-POWERED LOGISTICS AND DIGITAL MARKETING FOR BUSINESS OPTIMISATION
Authors: Ponomarenko Ihor , Ponomarenko Dmytro
Published: March 2024

The purpose of the work is to determine the characteristics of the use of artificial intelligence in logistics systems and digital marketing strategies of companies. The aim of the study is to determine the impact on companies of the simultaneous use of logistics and digital marketing based on artificial intelligence in the promotion and sale of products on domestic and foreign markets. The methodology used in this study includes a statistical analysis of the dynamics of the logistics market and the artificial intelligence market, as well as specialised software for digital marketing. A comprehensive study of scientific works has made it possible to identify the main trends in the development of artificial intelligence, logistics and digital marketing. The processes of globalisation and digitalisation are encouraging companies to actively adopt innovative technologies in order to secure a highly competitive position in the long term, which is stimulating relevant scientific research. The creation of personalised recommendations based on machine learning algorithms and the reduction of the time taken to deliver products to users, with the involvement of autonomous robotic couriers, make it possible to increase the popularity of the company on the market. AI engagement targets Generation Y, Z and Alpha users who are active consumers of products and interested in innovation in the promotion and delivery of goods and services. Stimulating demand on the internet using digital marketing tools based on artificial intelligence involves identifying highly specialised groups of users, interacting with them based on specific communication patterns and using relevant content. Thanks to AI, modern content can be generated and promptly placed on specialised social media, stimulating user interest in relevant brands. For modern companies, the combination of artificial intelligence, logistics and digital marketing is an important area of activity that relates to long-term strategic tasks and enables the achievement of optimal economic results.
Pengaruh Potongan Harga dan Tampilan dalam Toko terhadap Pembelian Impulsif
Authors: Hidayat Nuzul , Sulhaini Sulhaini
Published: March 2024

One of the modern businesses that is increasingly popular is the retail business where consumers also show an increase in impulsive buying behavior. This research aims to test and analyze the influence of price cuts and in-store displays on impulse purchases. The sample used was 75 samples chosen using a nonprobability sampling technique with a purposive sampling method. The data analysis method used in this research is the multiple linear regression analysis method using a statistics program. The results show that the two independent variables, namely price cuts and in-store display, have a positive and significant influence on the dependent variable, namely impulse buying. This means that the higher the price discount or the better the display in a shop, the possibility of impulse purchases by consumers will also increase. The results of this research can be used as a reference for policy-making by companies in stimulating impulse buying.
De Medicinae studio recte instituendo d’Andrés Piquer: Le regard d’un médecin des Lumières sur l’art médical
Authors: Ángel y Espinós Jesús
Published: March 2024

En este trabajo el autor intenta arrojar nuevos datos sobre el opúsculo De medicinae studio recte instituendo, que apareció como prólogo a la tercera edición (Madrid, 1758) del tratado Medicina vetus et nova (editio princeps: Valencia, 1738), la opera prima del doctor Andrés Piquer (1711-1772). Este prefacio presenta la particularidad de que contiene un resumen, dirigido a los estudiantes, de las concepciones médicas y científicas de Piquer, así como sus propias reflexiones sobre las diferentes escuelas médicas desde un punto de vista didáctico.
Manual de métodos para el estudio de extremófilos
Authors: Trujillo Tapia Ma. Nieves , Hidalgo Lara María Eugenia , Batista García Ramón Alberto , Camacho Ruiz Rosa María
Published: March 2024

En un principio, se pensó que si era posible encontrar vida en ambientes con elevada o baja temperatura, con valores de pH muy ácidos o alcalinos o en lugares con baja disponibilidad de agua, alta presión y elevados niveles de salinidad, entonces se podía hallar vida en otros planetas cuyas condiciones fueran similares. Es así como se exploraron los desiertos, glaciares, géiseres, lagos salados, volcanes, ventanas hidrotermales y numerosos lugares extremos. No obstante, el estudio de los ambientes extremos nos ha llevado a la mejor comprensión de la evolución de la vida en la Tierra y a entender las interacciones que se establecen en las comunidades bacterianas para sobrevivir en ambientes hostiles. Esta publicación, compilada por miembros de la Red Mexicana de Extremófilos (REMEX), se concibió con el propósito de contribuir a la difusión de los procedimientos que la comunidad científica nacional ha desarrollado para el estudio de los ambientes extremos y de los organismos que en estos pueden encontrarse. El manual está organizado en ocho capítulos que abordan temas como: aislamiento, identificación, conservación de microorganismos, extracción, producción, cuantificación, prospección, aplicaciones de sus biomoléculas, así como enfoques bioinformáticos y metagenómicos. Incluye además recomendaciones para buenas prácticas y manejo de residuos. Esta edición busca, además, introducir a investigadores y estudiantes al estudio de la vida en condiciones extremas.
Hacer frente a la exclusión social. Estrategias discursivas de resistencia del colectivo mantero en Barcelona
Authors: Gil Toscano Ester , Balinhas Pérez Daniel
Published: March 2024

En los últimos años, asistimos al auge del fenómeno mantero como práctica urbana y debate público en Barcelona, así como su cobertura mediática en términos de conflicto social. Esto ha generado cambios legales que intensifican el control social sobre colectivos no regularizados, especialmente los manteros. En 2015 nace el Sindicato Popular de Vendedores Ambulantes, una plataforma para legitimar la actividad y defender sus derechos. Este artículo entiende que la construcción del fenómeno mantero emerge en el marco de un conflicto intergrupal, de ámbito urbano y marcado eje xeno-racista. En el presente artículo se analizan un corpus de comunicados y manifiestos del Sindicato de manteros de Barcelona, así como testimonios personales de los manteros. Teóricamente nos apoyamos con las perspectivas del Análisis Crítico del Discurso y la Psicología Discursiva. Entre los resultados se hallan estrategias discursivas de resistencia que resignifican la figura del mantero y dotan al colectivo de una nueva identidad.
“Vienen, votan y se van”: los migrantes uruguayos en la discusión pública sobre el voto exterior
Authors: Carrancio Pasilio Noelia
Published: March 2024

En el presente artículo, analizamos la discusión pública de 2017 en torno al voto exterior para uruguayos en una tertulia radial entre dos legisladores uruguayos en ejercicio. Desde la perspectiva del análisis del discurso, reconstruimos los elementos más sobresalientes: en tanto polémica, que nos permiten indagar acerca de las argumentaciones polares y dicotomizadas que surgen en la interacción discursiva sobre el voto exterior. Sostenemos que el foco de la discusión no es la implementación del voto exterior en sí mismo, sino que se formula en la construcción y validación del “ser uruguayo”, quién merece o no el voto y bajo qué condiciones y los valores democráticos de igualdad y justicia.
Consideraciones sobre arte y activismo: la singularización del deseo multitudinario
Authors: Espinoza Galindo Alejandro
Published: March 2024

El siguiente texto presenta una serie de consideraciones sobre los parámetros históricos y teóricos que definen las relaciones entre arte y activismo, para mostrar el vínculo entre los estatutos del arte y los de la acción política. Con este fin, se retoma el modo de operación de las vanguardias históricas, que puso en marcha un ejercicio de irrupción que buscaba eliminar el afán contemplativo del objeto de arte, para llevarlo al ámbito de la esfera pública. De esta manera, a través de múltiples disciplinas y participaciones socioestéticas, se introdujeron las estrategias que hoy en día emplean las y los artistas activistas para el devenir práctico de su acción política y estética, con las cuales apelan a la transformación de la singularidad individual para transitarla al ámbito colectivo.
Edukasi Pencegahan Stroke dan Penyakit Jantung Melalui Pemeriksaan Darah di Dupak Surabaya
Authors: Andriani Chenny , Herliani Olivia , Indahsari Noer Kumala , Masfufatun Masfufatun
Published: March 2024

Penyakit Tidak Menular (PTM) merupakan penyakit kronis yang tidak menular. Menurut Riskesdas 2013, yang termasuk kedalam kategori penyakit tidak menular antara lain asma, penyakit paru obstruktif, kanker, diabetes melitus, hipertiroid, hipertensi, penyakit jantung koroner, gagal jantung, gagal ginjal kronis, batu ginjal dan penyakit sendi atau rematik. Berdasarkan data kementerian kesehatan pada tahun 2014, Tiga PTM utama di Indonesia yang menyebabkan angka kematian tertinggi yaitu stroke (21,1%), penyakit jantung koroner (12,9%), dan diabetes melitus dengan komplikasi (6,7%). Etiologi dari PTM ini bersifat multifaktorial, ada yang tidak dapat dihindari namun juga ada yang dapat dihindari. Melalui hasil pemeriksaan profil lipid dan kadar gula darah diharapkan dapat membuat seseorang menjadi sadar akan pentingnya pola hidup yang sehat. Hal tersebut mendorong pengabdi untuk melakukan penyuluhan dan pelayanan kesehatan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pemeriksaan profil lipid dan kadar glukosa darah untuk menghindari terjadinya stroke dan penyakit jantung. Kegiatan yang dilakukan berupa penyuluhan, pemeriksaan kesehatan dan laboratorium kepada 53 orang peserta dari warga Dupak Surabaya. Hasil yang didapatkan berupa rata-rata nilai pre dan post test yang diberikan sebelum dan sesudah penyuluhan. Uji statistik Paired Sample T Test diperoleh harga sig (2-tailed) = 0,000, yaitu < 0,05 berarti ada perbedaan antara sebelum dan sesudah perlakuan. Kegiatan ini menyimpulkan bahwa penyuluhan yang diberikan dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan kesadaran peserta tentang pentingnya pencegahan stroke dan penyakit jantung.
A Vision for the Future of Learning
Authors: Nasir Na’ilah Suad
Published: March 2024

In this article, based on my Presidential Address for the 2022 American Educational Research Association (AERA) Annual Meeting, I offer some thoughts on the education and learning systems we need for the future. Specifically, I take up two core questions: (1) How do we organize education and learning systems for a multicultural democracy? (2) How do we build systems that transcend and transform how we have been doing “education” and that are designed to support rich and engaging learning and critical thinking skills and to fully educate young people in ways that honor their whole humanity, their developmental needs, and their families and communities? As I take up these questions, I draw on multiple pieces of research literature and craft a vision for the future of learning rooted in the hope of what is possible.
HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAN GADGET DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR PADA REMAJA KELAS VII DI SMP NEGERI 1 BLITAR
Authors: Rahma Kartika Dwi , Anjaswari Tri , Sulastyawati Sulastyawati , Wiyono Joko
Published: March 2024

Gadget merupakan teknologi terbaru yang diciptakan dengan berbagai aplikasi yang dapat menyajikan berbagai media berita, jejaring sosial bahkan hiburan. Tingginya penggunaan gadget pada kalangan remaja akibat perkembangan teknologi menuntut remaja untuk menggunakan gadget setiap hari. Penggunaan gadget yang tinggi pada malam hari seperti waktu penggunaan, durasi penggunaan, dan aktivitas menggunakan gadget merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas tidur pada remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan dari penggunaan gadget dengan kualitas tidur pada remaja Di SMP Negeri 1 Blitar. Jenis penelitian korelasional dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional. Dilaksanakan di SMPN 1 Blitar dengan total responden sebanyak 40, yang diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel merupakan siswa kelas VII yang aktif menggunakan gadget minimal 3 – 6 bulan. Analisis untuk menentukan hubungan antar variabel menggunakan uji spearman-rho.Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa responden dengan penggunaan gadget tinggi sebanyak 45%. Dan sebagian besar dari responden yang termasuk dalam kategori rendah 37,5% yang artinya sebagian besar remaja mengalami kesulitan tidur.  Dari hasil ujistatistik diperoleh nilai p = 0,001 dan nilai r = 0,509. Penggunan gadget memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kualitas tidur pada remaja kelas VII di SMPN 1 Blitar. Remaja mulai kehilangan waktu bersosialisasi akibat penggunaan gadget yang tertarik pada aplikasi yang ada di dalamnya.
Modeling Short Time Dilatometry Testing of High Carbon Steels
Authors: Goldstein Robert , Buchner Ethan , Cryderman Robert
Published: March 2024

Dilatometry test systems are commonly used for characterizing the transformation behavior in steels and induction heating is commonly the heating source. In these systems, the steel test article is assumed to have a uniform temperature throughout the sample. This is a good assumption for slow heating rates with small samples, however, for induction hardening cycles this may or may not be accurate. Using computer models, it is possible to predict the temperature dynamics of the sample, both radially and axially, during the thermal processing cycle (heating and cooling). O1 tool steel was utilized to characterize and model heating and cooling temperature gradients. Specimens instrumented with multiple thermocouples were induction heated and gas quenched. The test data and geometry were evaluated with 1- D and 2-D models to characterize transient temperature gradients. The goal of the modeling is to better characterize temperature corrections required when rapid heating and cooling processes are used to determine transformation behavior in induction hardenable steels.
Microstructure and Notched Fracture Resistance of 0.56% C Steels After Simulated Induction Hardening
Authors: Cryderman Robert , Speer John
Published: March 2024

Historically, steels with carbon contents above about 0.45% C that are quenched to attain hardness above about 53 HRC (560 HV) are prone to premature brittle fracture when stressed in uniaxial or cyclic tension. In this study, five laboratory melted steels containing nominally 0.56% C and no grain refining additions (Ti, Al, V, or Nb) were heat treated on a Gleeble 3500 simulator to emulate thermal heating and quenching cycles for induction hardening. Limiting the peak heating temperatures and times produced very fine grained austenite with final hardness above 60HRC (700HV). Fracture resistance measured by the peak breaking load in notched bend tests increased by up to 3 fold for the short low temperature heating cycles as compared to longer higher temperature cycles. Fracture surfaces showed trans-granular crack propagation for the short low temperature cycles as compared to inter-granular propagation for the longer higher temperature cycles.
Development of Thermal Spray Coating Solution for Ceramic Substrates
Authors: Toma F.-L. , Berger L.-M. , Hoffmann T. , Klotzbach U. , Scheitz S. , Thiele S. , Fries M.
Published: March 2024

This work assesses the challenges of preparing dense technical ceramic substrates for thermal spraying and evaluates the capabilities of laser ablation in comparison with sandblasting. Sintered Si3N4 and AlN substrates were prepared by both methods and surface roughness was measured before and after treatment. Alumina coatings were deposited by suspension-HVOF and atmospheric plasma spraying, and coating cross-sections were analyzed by optical microscopy and SEM. Sandblasting had little or no effect on surface roughness and cracks were observed in coating cross-sections at the near-surface region of the substrate. Laser ablation, on the other hand, significantly increased surface roughness for both ceramics, producing hole patterns that are shown to vary with laser power and pulse timing. In the case of plasma spraying, the best coatings were achieved when the holes in the substrate were less than 100 µm in depth. With suspension sprayed coatings, the best results were obtained on substrates with deeper (> 100 µm) holes.
Characterization of Cold-Sprayed Copper Coatings with New Evaluation Parameter of EBSD Method
Authors: Watanabe Yusuke , Ichikawa Yuji , Nonaka Isamu , Miura Hideo
Published: March 2024

This study investigates a new evaluation method that has the potential to differentiate between particle interfaces and grain boundaries in cold spray coatings. The method uses confidence index (CI) and image quality (IQ) values obtained from EBSD analysis to determine the location of grain boundaries as well as grain orientation and crystallinity of the deposit. In the case of a cold-sprayed copper deposit, the new method helps to explain the observed characteristics of the coating.
The Effect of Shock-Induced Plastic Deformation on Alumina Deposition during Vacuum Kinetic Spraying
Authors: Park Hyungkwon , Cao Fei , Kwon Juhyuk , Lee Changhee
Published: March 2024

This work investigates the role of shock-induced plasticity in vacuum kinetic spraying. Alumina powder with an average diameter of 300 nm was deposited on glass and alumina substrates and the resulting coatings were examined. Finite-element simulations were performed to analyze the dynamic impact behavior of the submicron-sized particles and the results were compared with SEM and TEM images. Above a threshold velocity, the ceramic particles undergo not only shock-induced plasticity but also fragmentation with no bounce-off. With increasing particle velocity up to 500 m/s, the ratio of plastic deformation to fracture gradually increases with plasticity generally occurring in the substrate and the upper part of the particle. Beyond 500 m/s, the plastic portion decreased while the fractured portion abruptly increased. Fragment scattering and surface erosion, however, caused a reduction in the growth rate of the coating.
Investigation and Characterization of HVAF WC-Co-Cr Coatings and Comparison to Galvanic Hard Chrome Coatings
Authors: Bobzin K. , Kopp N. , Warda T. , Schäfer M. , Verstak A.
Published: March 2024

In this study, WC-CoCr coatings are deposited on grit-blasted steel substrates by high-velocity airfuel (HVAF) spraying. A cross-sectional image of the feedstock powder shows that the WC grains are evenly distributed in the Co-Cr matrix. As-sprayed coating cross-sections are examined under different levels of magnification, coating hardness is measured, and coating and powder phases are analyzed by XRD. In addition, the corrosion behavior of coated and uncoated substrates is analyzed and compared with a reference hard chrome coating.
A Numerical Investigation: Influence of the Operating Gas on the Flow Characteristics of a Three-Cathode Air Plasma Spraying System
Authors: Bobzin K. , Kopp N. , Warda T. , Schäfer M. , Öte M.
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the effect of gas composition on the flow characteristics of a three-cathode air plasma torch. A numerical model that couples fluid dynamic, electromagnetic, and thermal relationships is used to simulate temperature and velocity fields at the outlet of the torch. Different gases, including argon, nitrogen, and hydrogen, and gas mixtures are examined in the context of the study. The results show that the use of N2 or H2 as a secondary gas improves the output power and efficiency of the torch.
Development of Low Power Plasma Spray Process Using Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Plasma
Authors: Yasui T. , Redza A. , Fukumoto M.
Published: March 2024

In this study, atmospheric pressure microwave plasma spraying is evaluated as a potential coating process for heat susceptible materials. The work was carried out using an experimental setup consisting of a 2.45 GHz microwave generator and a modified plasma torch. To characterize the spraying process, investigators measured plasma temperature, plume shape, and particle velocities for different gas flow rates, nozzle diameters, and spray distances and correlated the results with the flattening behavior of particles as captured in SEM images. Spray trials were then conducted to optimize the deposition of hard chrome on carbon-fiber reinforced polymer substrates and TiO2 powder on stainless steel. In both cases, the coatings were successfully applied; the former by decreasing the nozzle diameter, the latter by reducing heat input to spray particles.
ANALYSIS OF DEMOGRAPHIC PROCESSES IN THE REPUBLIC OF AZERBAIJAN AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE LABOR MARKET
Authors: ABDURAKHMANOV KAMRAN VAHID
Published: March 2024

Topicality. Regarding the relevance of the article, it is necessary to note that the demographic process develops under the influence of other social processes: economic, political and others. In turn, the demographic process affects the course of all other social processes. Demographic processes in the Republic of Azerbaijan and their impact on the labor market are studied in the article. In the study, a systematic approach was used, which allows applying the best scientific ideas of economic theory to analyze the modern labor market in the context of the development of population decline processes.Aim and tasks. The study aims to investigate various aspects of demographic processes, such as population growth, birth and death rates, migration patterns, age structure, and urbanization trends in Azerbaijan. By analyzing these factors, the study seeks to provide insights into the changing composition and dynamics of the population in the country.Materials and methods. Data collection, demographic analysis, literature review, policy implications were used in the study. The study would require collecting relevant data on demographic processes and labor market indicators in Azerbaijan. This data can be obtained from various sources such as national statistical agencies, labor market surveys, census data, administrative records, and other relevant databases. The study would involve analyzing demographic processes in Azerbaijan, including population growth rates, birth and death rates, fertility rates, mortality rates, migration patterns, age distribution, and urbanization trends. This analysis can be conducted using statistical methods and demographic models to understand the dynamics and trends of the population.Research results. In the course of the research, the national concept of labor market management was studied, state programs on demographic, socio-economic development, effective socio-economic policy and labor market development models in non-standard conditions were reviewed.Conclusion. The study involves analyzing the labor market in Azerbaijan, including labor force participation rates, employment rates, unemployment rates, occupational patterns, wage levels, skill requirements, and other relevant labor market indicators. This analysis can be conducted using statistical techniques and econometric models to assess the impact of demographic factors on the labor market. The future study on the topic would aim to provide policy recommendations based on the findings and analysis. These recommendations can inform policymakers, government agencies, and other stakeholders about potential interventions, strategies, or policy changes that could address the challenges or harness the opportunities arising from demographic changes in Azerbaijan's labor market.
Sound Insulation of Single-Layer Glazing, Single- and Double-Glazed Windows
Authors: OVSYANNIKOV S.N. , SAMOKHVALOV A.S.
Published: March 2024

The analysis of known analytical solutions to the problem of calculating transmission the sound insulation of one- two- and three-layer glazing in comparison with the results of laboratory measurements is presented. The wave theory of sound transmission through single-layer and multi-layer enclosing structures with air gaps is used. Based on calculations of sound insulation of single-layer glazing, it is shown that the theory underlying the methodology of GOST R EN 12354-1–2012 “Acoustics of buildings. Methods for calculating the acoustic characteristics of buildings based on the characteristics of their elements. Part 1. Sound insulation of air noise between rooms”, most adequately takes into account the processes of non-resonant and resonant sound transmission. Its use in the formulation of models of sound transmission through double and triple glazing, taking into account internal losses and the influence of resonant processes, made it possible to obtain analytical solutions to the problem of sound insulation of single-chamber and double-chamber double-glazed windows, which showed good convergence with the experimental results. The proposed method for calculating sound insulation through single- and double-chamber double-glazed windows can be used in engineering calculations after additional studies of internal losses in multilayer glazing, as well as additional measurements of a number of “standard” types of glazing to verify the methodology.
Determination of the Reduced Heat Transfer Resistance of Opaque Sections of Facade Translucent Structures
Authors: YURYSHEV E.S. , VERKHOSKIY A.A. , POTAPOV S.S.
Published: March 2024

The thermal engineering characteristics of the facade translucent structures (FTS) are considered. The analysis of the results of thermal engineering tests of structures in the climate chamber for various manufacturers has been carried out. As a result of comparing the test results with the calculated data of the reduced resistance to heat transfer, their significant discrepancy was revealed. A method has been developed for determining the coefficient of linear inhomogeneity of the opaque part of the FTS based on laboratory tests with different fillings for different outdoor temperatures. Based on the coefficients of linear inhomogeneity of the opaque part of the CFS determined in laboratory conditions, it is proposed to determine reliable values of their reduced resistance to heat transfer for different design options.
Photopolymer Materials in the Practice of Restoration and Conservation Works on Objects of Historical and Cultural Value
Authors: IL'INA V.V. , STROKOVA V.V.
Published: March 2024

The evolution is analyzed and modern approaches to carrying out restoration, conservation and reconstruction works at objects of historical and cultural value are presented from the standpoint of the limits of the permissibility of using non-authentic materials. The principles of choosing materials for restoration and conservation work are considered. An analysis of the experience of using photopolymer materials in the creation of protective, decorative or reconstructive layers and coatings in order to preserve or recreate objects of historical and cultural significance is presented. The results of studies on the use of liquid photopolymer compositions based on acrylates in restoration and conservation work are presented. The prospects of using photopolymer materials in the practice of restoration and reconstruction are shown, and directions for further research are formulated.
Belonging in the “Big Picture”
Authors: Krause Eva G. , Christensen Jan , Svendsen Mette N.
Published: March 2024

What makes recognition of veterans “authentic,” and how does authentic recognition shape and establish “war veteranship” among wounded veterans? Through ethnographic fieldwork and interviews, this article explores how Danish wounded veterans experience and evaluate official recognition ceremonies. We demonstrate that recognition ceremonies alone do not establish effective recognition. Rather, for recognition to be perceived as authentic, it must be mutual, grounded in the moral originality of the recognizers, and manifested in words as well as actions. Authentic recognition, we argue, establishes a reciprocal relationship between wounded veterans and the state, which positions veterans as valuable contributors to society. Conversely, the absence of authentic recognition generates experiences of misrecognition and invisibility, leading in some cases to wounded veterans feeling “like immigrants” in their own country.
Intersectional Barriers Faced by Urban Somali Refugee Girls in Uganda
Authors: Kagan Manya , Nakatudde Winnie
Published: March 2024

We based this article on a qualitative study that focuses on barriers to the integration of Somali Muslim urban refugee girls in Uganda. We were interested in how different ethnic and gender identities influence Somali refugee girls’ access to education and participation in society. Based on 75 semi-structured interviews with refugee children between 10 and 16 years of age in Kampala, we used constant comparative analysis to explore the intersectional experiences of Somali refugee girls. We found that they face specific gender-based discrimination and temporal and spatial restraints. This plays a key role in their ability to integrate into society. We conclude that it is important to avoid homogenizing refugee children's experiences and to incorporate intersectional analysis in studying integration.
Phosphorylation of Endothelin Converting Enzyme-1 Isoforms: Relevance to Subcellular Localization
Authors: Jafri Farahdiba , Ergul Adviye
Published: March 2024

Endothelin-converting enzyme (ECE)-1 is a metalloenzyme with four subisoforms, which differ only in their amino-terminal domain. ECE-1a and c are the most common isoforms and are found at the plasma membrane and in the Golgi complex, whereas ECE-1b displays lysosomal localization. We have recently shown that ECE-1a but not ECE-1b also colocalizes with nuclear membrane markers, and that maintenance of cells in high glucose (25 m M) promotes relocalization of ECE-1a from the membrane to the intracellular compartment. To investigate the mechanisms involved in this process, we conducted a search for potential phosphorylation sites, which yielded a different number of putative sites for protein kinase (PK)-C and PKA in the amino-terminal region. Stimulation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged human ECE-1a or ECE-1b with 100 n M phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) resulted in phosphorylation of ECE-1a, as determined by immunoprecipitation with an antibody to GFP followed by immunoblotting with an antibody to phosphoserine. Stimulation of cells with PMA also promoted intracellular relocalization, as seen in cells grown under high-glucose conditions. Incubation of cells grown in 25 m M glucose with the PKC inhibitor, calphostin C (100 n M), partially prevented the relocalization of ECE-1a from the plasma membrane to intracellular compartments. Stimulation of cells with 100 n M forskolin caused phosphorylation of ECE-1b and not ECE-1a, which is consistent with the lack of a putative PKA site in the ECE-1a amino-terminal sequence. Although phosphorylation is not required for ECE-1 enzymatic activity, these results suggest that ECE-1 isoforms are phosphorylated and that phosphorylation might play an important role in the regulation of intracellular trafficking of ECE-1 subisoforms.
Reversal of Elevated Cardiac Expression of TGFβ1 and Endothelin-1 in OLETF Diabetic Rats by Long-Acting Calcium Antagonist
Authors: Jesmin Subrina , Zaedi Sohel , Maeda Seiji , Mowa Chishimba N. , Sakuma Ichiro , Miyauchi Takashi
Published: March 2024

The effects of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on complications associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) have been well studied in clinical and basic science investigations. Cardiovascular complications are a common feature of type 2 DM, and insulin resistance is an early clinical manifestation of type 2 DM. CCBs are widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases in patients with DM. In this study, we used a spontaneous type 2 diabetic rat model, Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats, at a highly insulin-resistant stage with modest hyperglycemia. We examined cardiac expression of transforming growth factor–β1 (TGFβ1) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) in male OLETF rats. At 8 weeks of age, OLETF rats were treated for 12 weeks with the long-acting CCB benidipine (1 mg/kg/day or 3 mg/kg/day, po, n = 12), with hydralazine hydrochloride (3 mg/kg/day, po, n = 12), or with vehicle (OLETF, n = 12), and male age-matched genetic control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO, n = 12) rats were used. Blood pressure was significantly higher in OLETF rats than in LETO rats, and benidipine treatment at both dosages in OLETF rats for 12 weeks did not significantly reduce blood pressure, whereas hydralazine treatment significantly lowered blood pressure in OLETF rats. Hydralazine and both dosages of benidipine significantly reduced upregulated cardiac ET-1 levels in OLETF rats. Plasma and cardiac TGFβ1 levels were remarkably higher in OLETF rats compared with LETO rats and were normalized by treatment with benidipine (3 mg/kg/day). Our results suggest that CCBs are effective in normalizing upregulated cardiac TGFβ1 and ET-1 levels at the insulin-resistant stage in OLETF rats, which may improve cardiac morphology and function in this rat model without altering blood pressure and plasma glucose levels. In contrast, hydralazine treatment also normalizes cardiac ET-1 levels while significantly reducing blood pressure.
Lab Handbook of the Digital Geography Lab : Department of Geosciences and Geography University of Helsinki
Authors: Toivonen Tuuli
Published: March 2024

Our research lab was established in 2009. We started with the name Accessibility Research Group of the University of Helsinki. In 2016, we changed our name to Digital Geography Lab to reflect our growth and broader research scope. At the release of this handbook, we are 20 researchers in the lab. Many more researchers have worked in the lab over the years. Most have moved forward to positions they had dreamt of. Five have received professorships while still at the lab or soon after. We are a diverse group in terms of academic backgrounds and nationalities. Currently, there are seven nationalities from three continents in the group. Each present and past member has contributed to the lab practices by making suggestions, initiating new practices, participating in the lab life, or passing on the traditions. We run several projects at the same time. Now our project portfolio has 11 projects, including a large ERC Consolidator Grant project GREENTRAVEL and several H2020 or other international projects. Each of the projects has their own respective practices, but we attempt to keep them somehow aligned with the lab practices. This document concentrates on the lab level activities and how they are arranged. We share the document with the hope that other labs would find something useful from here and we could, in our turn, learn from others. Naturally, our practices will change as we develop as professionals and as a group.