bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
South-South cooperation and foreign policy: Challenges and dilemmas in the perception of Brazilian diplomats
Authors: Milani Carlos R. S. , Klein Magno
Published: May 2020

Brazil’s government has historically engaged with other developing countries to promote technical cooperation. Since the 1988 federal Constitution, different presidents have paid attention to this foreign policy agenda. However, it was particularly under the Workers’ Party’s administrations (2003–2016) that South-South cooperation (SSC) gained political ground, rooted in official principles of South-South solidarity, horizontality, non-interference in domestic affairs, and the defence of a multipolar world-vision. In this article, based on the argument that international development cooperation (IDC) is a key instrument of a country’s economic diplomacy, we analyse the perceptions of Brazilian diplomats about SSC in order to understand Brazil’s interests and motivations in this field. Methodologically, the article discusses the main results of a survey conducted between 25 August and 23 September 2016 among 349 Brazilian individuals, who correspond to approximately 22 per cent of Brazil’s active diplomats. The survey results showed that Brazilian diplomats generally have a favourable perception on Brazil’s SSC programmes, and that a great majority of them has already acted in SSC activities. Still, the issue of political conditionality brings in cleavages, indicating that there is a large group of Brazilian diplomats who openly support SSC as an instrument of national interests and not because of the official narratives related to a ‘solidarity with the South’ or ‘the promotion of human rights’. As a consequence, with the exception of perceptions on political conditionalities and economic criteria, the majority of diplomats share commonalities that also correspond to the government’s official rhetoric between 2003 and 2016. This article is structured around the following three sections: (1) South-South cooperation as a foreign policy agenda, (2) Diplomats as agents of Brazil’s South-South cooperation and (3) Presenting and discussing the perceptions of Brazilian diplomats.
The influence of self-leadership strategies, psychological resources, and job embeddedness on work engagement in the banking industry
Authors: Harunavamwe Martha , Nel Petrus , Van Zyl Ebben
Published: May 2020

This study used a model to determine the combined effect of psychological resources, self-leadership strategies, and job embeddedness on work engagement for employees in the banking sector. A descriptive quantitative research framework was adopted; data were collected from a sample of 303 banking sector employees. The results indicated that self-leadership strategies influence work engagement through psychological resources and job embeddedness. The three constructs combined explained 70.3% of variance in work engagement. Psychological resources have the strongest direct influence on work engagement, and self-leadership is a strong determinant of the psychological resources and moderate determinant of job embeddedness. The study concluded that implementing self-leadership strategies, encouraging the practice of psychological capital, and ensuring strong links and fit (job embeddedness) would aid in enhancing an engaged workforce. The results indicate that accumulating and expanding internal and job resources from psychological capital, self-leadership, and job embeddedness significantly influence work engagement and buffer the effects of job demands.
Narrative Gerontology in Practice: Students’ Experiences With Conducting Autoethnography
Authors: Lee Othelia E. , Conner Laneshia , Davis Boyd
Published: May 2020

This study examines the benefits of introducing autoethnographic writing as part of an ageism intervention to familiarize students with the life course. In this mixed-methods study, 186 graduate and undergraduate students conducted interviews with a grandparent or older adult and subsequently assumed the identity of the grandparent to write introductions of themselves as if they were that grandparent, using “I” statements in an online discussion forum. Most assumed grandparents were women (78.0%), and White (63.8%) with an average age of 77.3 ( SD = 12.3). Emerging themes were categorized into three levels: structural, familial, and individual. The number of times a certain theme was mentioned was counted and major themes were analyzed. Findings indicated how autoethnographic reflections can promote student examination of self-awareness, cultural heritages, and personal growth. This technique is encouraging as an educational ageism intervention and warrants further adaptation and testing.
The Cost of Baptism? The Case for Paul’s Ritual Compensation
Authors: Bell Brigidda
Published: May 2020

Historical materials offer evidence for the compensation of ritual workers in antiquity: individuals offering ritual services were compensated in various ways, including through monetary payment. Paul’s letters document his expertise in ritual activities such as the performance of baptisms, offerings of ritual prescriptions, and various pneumatic practices. Given Paul’s statements regarding the free proclamation of the gospel in the Corinthian and Thessalonian correspondence, scholars have not examined the idea of compensation for ritual activity. Compensation for gospel and ritual should not, however, be conﬂated, as Paul distinguishes between the gospel and baptism (1 Cor. 1.17). The lack of explicit mentions of compensation for rituals in the Pauline correspondence does not negate rewards received, as references to compensation in antiquity are often framed in different forms of exchange, such as in the language of friendship and gifts. The larger evidence for the compensation of ritual workers in antiquity suggests that Paul would have been compensated for ritual services such as baptism.
Sacrifice, Session and Intercession:The End of Christ’s Offering in Hebrews
Authors: Moore Nicholas J.
Published: May 2020

A growing number of scholars have argued that Christ’s offering in Hebrews is not limited to the cross but extends into heaven; in recent work David Moffitt contends that Christ’s heavenly, atoning offering is perpetual and coextensive with his intercession. This article calls this further step into question, by examining the function of Christ’s heavenly session in Hebrews’ construal of sacrificial process, and by exploring the nature of his heavenly intercession and its relation to his offering and enthronement. It argues that Christ’s session is a hinge, marking an emphatic close to his sacrificial work for the forgiveness of sins, and inaugurating his royal reign and priestly prayer.
Factors Affecting the Value-Relevance of Capitalized Exploration and Evaluation Expenditures Under IFRS 6
Authors: Ferguson Andrew , Kean Stephen , Pündrich Gabriel
Published: May 2020

This study examines factors affecting the value-relevance of financial and nonfinancial disclosure in the context of the long contentious International Financial Reporting Standard 6 (IFRS 6). Relative to the capitalization of R&D expenditures, IFRS 6 follows a far less restrictive approach, delaying the requirement for probable future economic benefits in settings of high uncertainty. We compare the value-relevance of this asset with that of nonfinancial information commonly reported by mining firms, namely mineral resource estimates. We report evidence that investors utilize nonfinancial information to assess the value-relevance of financial information, initially focusing on whichever information is timelier. We do not find evidence that investors prefer conservative reporting practices in a setting with high uncertainty; rather we provide evidence that investors interpret the capitalization decision as a signal of project viability. This finding is of particular relevance to the ongoing Intangible Assets project being conducted by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB).

JEL classifications: G12, G14
The Curse of Extremes: Generalist Career Experience and CEO Initial Compensation
Authors: Mueller Philipp E.M. , Georgakakis Dimitrios , Greve Peder , Peck Simon , Ruigrok Winfried
Published: May 2020

Studies argue that generalist CEOs are more valued by the market for executive labor and receive higher initial compensation. Challenging this prevailing assumption, we acknowledge the drawbacks of extensive career mobility and predict an inverted U-shape relationship between CEO generalist career experience and CEO initial compensation. Integrating the generalism and specialization views of human capital, we postulate that at an initial level, the acquisition of experience breadth from different firms and industries enables CEOs to broaden their knowledge base, obtain a variety of skills, and thus increase their labor market value and initial compensation. After a threshold, however, the accumulation of extensive levels of career generalism through frequent job hopping across firm and industry contexts gradually causes a lack of experience depth and insufficient career specialization, thereby triggering lower CEO market value and initial pay. Data from 197 CEO appointments in large, publicly traded firms support our predictions. Our results also show that the observed inverted U-shape relationship varies with factors nested at different layers of context, highlighting the contingent nature of this area of research.
Indymedia and the long story of rebellion against neoliberal capitalism
Authors: Fenton Natalie
Published: May 2020

Indymedia was born of the anti-globalisation movement of the late 1990s and quickly spread to become a social movement in its own right. This article reflects on how prescient the claims of the anti-globalisation movement have proven to be and how 20 years ago Indymedia and the anti-globalisation movement predicted there was trouble ahead and that neoliberalism was a central part of the problem. It notes how a history of struggle and protest emanating from the days of Indymedia has developed over time building a counter-politics that is becoming ever wiser about the multiple intersectional harms of capitalism and ever more sophisticated in its political response. The challenge is what comes next.
Parenting Practices and Child Mortality in Remarried/Repartnered Families in Cambodia
Authors: Eng Sothy , Grace Kelly , Szmodis Whitney
Published: May 2020

Based on the patriarchal gender role perspective, this study examines the associations between parenting practices and child mortality. Using the 2014 Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey consisting of 7,165 ever-married women (M=28.70 years old), the results showed that mothers’ and fathers’ level of involvement and nutritional feeding were lower in remarried/re-partnered households compared to those in first-time married and divorced households. Remarried/re-partnered families reported a higher number of deceased sons and daughters compared to their first-time married and divorced counterparts. Hierarchical linear regression analyses showed significant interaction effects between marital status and fathers’ involvement, indicating that the highest number of deceased sons was reported in remarried/re-partnered households with the lowest level of father involvement. Other predictors for deceased sons and daughters included lower socioeconomic status, older mothers and older fathers. Families with a larger number of children were more likely to report having a deceased son. This study contributes to our understanding of the challenges faced by remarried/re-partnered women and their children in Cambodia where the traditional patriarchal gender roles are enforced.
A Case Study Exploring the Experiences of a Transgender Athlete in Synchronized Skating, a Subdiscipline of Figure Skating
Authors: Herrick Shannon S. C. , Rocchi Meredith A. , Couture A. Lauren
Published: May 2020

The inclusion of transgender athletes in sport challenges a number of long-standing cis-heteronormative beliefs within athletics at all levels of competition. There are limited studies examining the integration and experiences of transgender athletes within amateur sport. The following case study follows the experiences of a transgender synchronized figure skater, Mason, who was able to continue competing throughout his transition process. We conducted eight semi-structured one-on-one interviews with Mason, his teammates, his team manager, and his past and present coaches. All interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed verbatim, and subject to thematic analysis which resulted in four overarching themes: (a) building inclusivity: “promote a safe space,” (b) acknowledging stress, (c) disclosure: “I didn’t want to talk about my past,” and (d) celebration. Results are interpreted as recommendations for coaches on how to adopt inclusive practices to better support transgender athletes.
A Medication Management Intervention for Patients and Families with SCI and ABI
Authors: Oyesanya Tolu O. , LeCroy Tiffany , Sweatman Mark , Hatch Daniel , Nyankori Liv , Kang Yong , MacCaughelty Tara , O’Pry Laura , Johnson Susan
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop and test the efficacy of a pre-discharge, medication management intervention to improve perceived knowledge and perceived confidence for post-discharge medication management for rehabilitation patients with spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and families of patients with SCIs or acquired brain injuries (ABIs). We used a quasi-experimental, matched-pair design. Treatment participants ( n = 112) completed the intervention with pre- and post-tests assessing perceived knowledge and perceived confidence for post-discharge medication management. Control participants ( n = 95) enrolled at 60-days post-discharge. All participants ( N = 207) completed measures on perceived knowledge, perceived confidence, and medication management by phone at 60-days post-discharge. The intervention significantly increased treatment participants’ perceived knowledge and perceived confidence from pre- to post-test. Sex, injury severity, and income were associated with primary outcomes. Treatment participants used more tools for medication management post-discharge. Our findings suggest that patients and family members may benefit from pre-discharge medication management interventions.
Telemedicine During the COVID‐19 Pandemic: A Pediatric Otolaryngology Perspective
Authors: Maurrasse Sarah E. , Rastatter Jeff C. , Hoff Stephen R. , Billings Kathleen R. , Valika Taher S.
Published: May 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic has created a situation unparalleled in our lifetime. As the medical community has attempted to navigate a sea of ever‐changing information and policies, this uncertainty has instead bred creativity, community, and evolution. Necessity is the mother of invention, and one of the by‐products of our rapidly changing environment is the increased reliance on telemedicine. Here, we discuss our experience with incorporating telemedicine into an urban academic pediatric otolaryngology practice, the challenges that we have encountered, and the principles unique to this population.
Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery Protocol From the Frontlines: Transnasal Surgery During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Spock Todd , Kessler Remi , Lerner David , Filip Peter , Del Signore Anthony , Colley Patrick , Morgenstern Peter , Schaberg Madeleine , Bederson Joshua , Govindaraj Satish , Iloreta Alfred Marc , Shrivastava Raj
Published: May 2020

Objective

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic disrupted the standard management paradigms for care of patients with sinus and skull base presentations due to concern for patient and health care provider safety, given the high aerosol‐generating potential of endonasal procedures.

Data Sources

We reviewed the relevant literature complied from available sources, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and otolaryngology journals providing electronic manuscripts ahead of indexing or publication.

Review Methods

Incorporating available evidence and the projected infection control and resource limitations at our institution, we collectively authored a dynamic set of protocols guiding (1) case stratification, (2) preoperative assessment, (3) operative setup, and (4) postoperative care of patients with sinus or skull base presentations. Due to the rapidly evolving nature of COVID‐19 publications, lack of rigorous data, and urgent necessity of standardized protocols, strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were not employed.

Conclusions

As scarce hospital resources are diverted to COVID‐19 care and staff are redeployed to forward‐facing roles, endonasal procedures have largely ceased, leaving patients with ongoing sinonasal and skull base complaints untreated. Skull base teams now weigh the urgency of surgery in this population with the regional availability of resources.

Implications for Practice

The COVID‐19 pandemic will have an enduring and unpredictable impact on hospital operations and surgical skull base practices and will require a dynamic set of management protocols responsive to new evidence and changing resources. In the current resource‐limited environment, clinicians may utilize these protocols to assist with stratifying patients by acuity, performing preoperative assessment, and guiding peri‐ and postoperative care.
Macrophages and T Lymphocytes in the Ovine Placenta After Experimental Infection With Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Castaño Pablo , Fuertes Miguel , Fernández Miguel , Ferreras M. Carmen , Ferre Ignacio , Ortega-Mora Luis Miguel , Pérez Valentín , Benavides Julio
Published: May 2020

Early abortion in ovine toxoplasmosis has had limited investigation. This study evaluated the immune response in the placenta of sheep orally infected with Toxoplasma gondii and euthanized between 2 and 4 weeks postinfection. Toxoplasma infection of the placenta was only found at 4 weeks after infection. Parasitic debris in foci of necrosis were immunolabeled in the maternal caruncle, whereas well-preserved intracellular parasitic vacuole-like structures were found in trophoblasts of fetal cotyledon. Early abortions had increased macrophages in caruncular septa, whereas in later abortions the placentas containing the parasite had an increase of T lymphocytes and macrophages mainly in the fetal cotyledons. This study suggests that the immune response in both the fetal and maternal compartments of the placenta may contribute to the pathogenesis of ovine toxoplasmosis and that these responses differ between early and late presentations of the disease.
Characterizing Influence of Water Access Condition during Freezing on Resilient Behavior of Alaskan Base Course Materials
Authors: Li Lin , Liu Jenny , Zhang Xiong , Saboundjian Steve , Li Peng
Published: May 2020

Accurate characterization of the resilient behavior of the base course materials under different climatic conditions is critical for the design of reliable and cost-effective pavement structures. In Alaska, the resilient behavior of base course materials usually undergoes significant variation due to seasonal change and extreme climatic conditions. Previous studies have revealed that the resilient behavior of base course materials could be significantly influenced by the freezing process. In this study, the freezing process under two extreme conditions (i.e., free and no water access conditions) that base course materials could possibly experience in the field was simulated using a one-dimensional frost heave cell. The influences of the water access condition during freezing on the frost heave and resilient modulus (MR) of the base course materials with different fines and initial water contents was assessed based on the results from the freezing process and repeated load triaxial tests. A pressure plate test was also performed to build the relationship between suction and water content of soils with different fines content. Suction was then introduced to model MR of the materials tested under unfrozen conditions before and after a freeze–thaw cycle. The adoption of suction significantly simplified the equation for MR prediction. Finally, structural analyses were conducted using BISAR and Alaska Flexible Pavement Design (AKFPD) software and the results revealed that free water access during freezing can significantly accelerate cracking and reduce pavement service life.
Methodology to Evaluate the Quality of Service of Traffic Flow on Intercity Expressway Sections by using Follower Percentage
Authors: Konda Hiroyuki , Nakamura Hideki
Published: May 2020

This study estimated composite headway distributions consisting of follower and non-follower headway elements and used the follower percentage obtained as the estimated parameters of those distributions to evaluate the quality of service (QOS) of traffic flow on Japanese intercity expressways under uncongested conditions. Analysis of pulse data obtained by vehicle detectors at multiple points with differing geometric structures showed that follower percentage is influenced by lane traffic volume, vehicle pair, and lane operation. Use of follower percentage also enabled clear and quantitative comparison and evaluation of the QOS of traffic flow for different lane operation formats, which could not be adequately expressed by such conventional macroscopic indices as average speed and traffic density. This indicates that follower percentage is a suitable performance measure for evaluating the QOS of traffic flow.
Friction and Texture Retention of Concrete Pavements
Authors: Komaragiri Satyavati , Amirkhanian Armen , Bhasin Amit
Published: May 2020

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Alabama Department of Transportation (ALDOT), U.S., noticed a decline in skid trailer numbers on concrete pavements shortly after grinding operations. The engineers at the time suspected that the coarse aggregate caused the decline in these numbers and the resulting conclusion led to a ban of carbonate aggregates in mainline concrete pavement in Alabama that is still in place. This detailed laboratory study re-examines the fundamental friction issues that led to this policy. A total of 48 aggregate, grinding, and grooving combinations were tested as part of this study. Three aggregate sources were examined: a siliceous source, a “hard” limestone source, and a “soft” limestone source. Two blade spacings were examined for grinding operations: 52 blades/ft and 60 blades/ft. Some ground specimens were also grooved. Finally, a set of specimens had the Next Generation Concrete Surface (NGCS) applied to them. The specimens were polished with the National Center for Asphalt Technology (NCAT) three-wheel polishing device (TWPD). The dynamic friction tester was used to evaluate friction values at various points through the polishing process. After the polishing, the macrotexture was characterized using the circular track meter. Across the board, the highest performing texture was that with no grooves and 52 blades/ft. Very generally, the loss of friction decreased with increasing siliceous content. However, some of the trends were extremely minor and, in a few cases, siliceous aggregates caused higher friction loss. There were numerous instances when blended carbonate/siliceous concrete pavement surfaces performed better than sole siliceous concrete pavement surfaces.
Driveway Access Spacing Considerations for Rural Highways with High Truck Volumes
Authors: Brewer Marcus A. , Fitzpatrick Kay , Cline James C.
Published: May 2020

Increased traffic and heavy truck percentages associated with energy exploration in West Texas have placed unprecedented demands on the region’s highway network as well as driveway access to and from that network. Access management principles have proven to be effective in improving operations and safety in numerous locations, but many of those locations have been in urban or suburban locations where land uses and traffic patterns are different from those typically found in rural West Texas, so guidelines for driveway spacing and other access management treatments in rural, high-speed areas are not as commonplace. This paper describes the study of a corridor with high volumes, high truck percentages, high speeds, high turning volumes, and high demand for access. The study team reviewed the applicable guidelines and policies for driveway spacing in Texas, as well as relevant findings from other guidelines and research, to develop a set of recommended driveway spacing values for cars and for trucks on high-speed rural roads.
The Use of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone to Protect Against Muscle Weakness in Patients Undergoing Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Pilot, Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Mendias Christopher L. , Enselman Elizabeth R. Sibilsky , Olszewski Adam M. , Gumucio Jonathan P. , Edon Daniel L. , Konnaris Maxwell A. , Carpenter James E. , Awan Tariq M. , Jacobson Jon A. , Gagnier Joel J. , Barkan Ariel L. , Bedi Asheesh
Published: May 2020

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears are common knee injuries. Despite undergoing extensive rehabilitation after ACL reconstruction (ACLR), many patients have persistent quadriceps muscle weakness that limits their successful return to play and are also at an increased risk of developing knee osteoarthritis (OA). Human growth hormone (HGH) has been shown to prevent muscle atrophy and weakness in various models of disuse and disease but has not been evaluated in patients undergoing ACLR.

Hypothesis:

Compared with placebo treatment, a 6-week perioperative treatment course of HGH would protect against muscle atrophy and weakness in patients undergoing ACLR.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 19 male patients (aged 18-35 years) scheduled to undergo ACLR were randomly assigned to the placebo (n = 9) or HGH (n = 10) group. Patients began placebo or HGH treatment twice daily 1 week before surgery and continued through 5 weeks after surgery. Knee muscle strength and volume, patient-reported outcome scores, and circulating biomarkers were measured at several time points through 6 months after surgery. Mixed-effects models were used to evaluate differences between treatment groups and time points, and as this was a pilot study, significance was set at P < .10. The Cohen d was calculated to determine the effect size.

Results:

HGH was well-tolerated, and no differences in adverse events between the groups were observed. The HGH group had a 2.1-fold increase in circulating insulin-like growth factor 1 over the course of the treatment period ( P < .05; d = 2.93). The primary outcome measure was knee extension strength, and HGH treatment increased normalized peak isokinetic knee extension torque by 29% compared with the placebo group ( P = .05; d = 0.80). Matrix metalloproteinase–3 (MMP3), which was used as an indirect biomarker of cartilage degradation, was 36% lower in the HGH group ( P = .05; d = –1.34). HGH did not appear to be associated with changes in muscle volume or patient-reported outcome scores.

Conclusion:

HGH improved quadriceps strength and reduced MMP3 levels in patients undergoing ACLR. On the basis of this pilot study, further trials to more comprehensively evaluate the ability of HGH to improve muscle function and potentially protect against OA in patients undergoing ACLR are warranted.

Registration:

NCT02420353 ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier)
La gouvernance a-t-elle bon goût ? L’impact d’une mention « coopérative » sur le goût perçu des produits alimentaires.
Authors: Faure-Ferlet Axelle , Capelli Sonia , Sabadie William
Published: May 2020

L’objectif de cette recherche est d’étudier si une mention de la gouvernance coopérative de l’entreprise influence le goût perçu du produit à travers un processus de transfert de sensation. Une première étude mesure le goût implicitement (via un Test d’Association Implicite) et explicitement (via un questionnaire) perçu en l’absence de marque sur l’emballage. La mention améliore le goût implicitement et explicitement perçu. Une deuxième étude reproduisant les mêmes protocoles en présence de marques nationales confirme ce résultat sur le goût implicitement perçu mais l’effet de la mention sur le goût explicitement perçu disparait. Considérant que les attitudes implicites sont plus prédictives des comportements d’achat routiniers en grandes surfaces que les attitudes explicites, les résultats préconisent l’affichage de la gouvernance coopérative sur les produits alimentaires.
COVID-19: Safe Guidelines for Breast Imaging During the Pandemic
Authors: Seely Jean M. , Scaranelo Anabel M. , Yong-Hing Charlotte , Appavoo Shusheila , Flegg Carolyn , Kulkarni Supriya , Kornecki Anat , Wadden Nancy , Loisel Yves , Schofield Stephanie , Leslie Sandra , Gordon Paula
Published: May 2020

During the COVID-19 pandemic, breast imaging must be performed using safe practices. Balancing the need to avoid delays in the diagnosis of breast cancer while avoiding infection requires careful attention to personal protective equipment and physical distancing and vigilance to maintain these practices. The Canadian Society of Breast Imaging/Canadian Association of Radiologists guideline for breast imaging during COVID-19 is provided based on priority according to risk of breast cancer and impact of delaying treatment. A review of the best practices is presented that allow breast imaging during COVID-19 to maximize protection of patients, technologists, residents, fellows, and radiologists and minimize spread of the infection. The collateral damage of delaying diagnosis of breast cancer due to COVID-19 should be avoided when possible.
Toward an Effective Workplace Response to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Giesbrecht Crystal J.
Published: May 2020

This qualitative study adds to the relatively small body of research on the workplace impact of intimate partner violence (IPV), provides further insight into the various ways that IPV impacts survivors at work, and offers recommendations for improving the workplace response to IPV. Twenty-seven participants (survivors of IPV, workers, managers, union employees, and human resources professionals) took part in focus groups or one-on-one interviews. Three themes emerged from the data: the workplace impact of IPV, interventions in the workplace, and IPV policy suggestions for organizations. Recommendations for improving workplace response to IPV are offered, including legislative and policy changes, workplace leaves, and workplace accommodations for workers impacted by IPV. Findings illustrate the need for workplace training and information on how to recognize IPV, how to respond, and referral sources. This article offers suggestions of steps that workplaces can take to support employees who experience IPV as well as improving workplace safety, functionality, and productivity.
Flat-upper-surface wing for experimental high altitude unmanned aerial vehicle
Authors: Galiński Cezary , Gronowska Magdalena , Stalewski Wieńczysław , Gumowski Konrad
Published: May 2020

Technology of photovoltaic cells and lithium batteries is developing rapidly. As a result, more and more attempts are made to build solar high altitude long endurance airplanes. Unfortunately, data on altitude impact on photovoltaic cells and batteries performance are not easily available. Moreover, acquisition cost of cells is still high. As a result, high altitude long endurance airplanes design is expensive and risky. Therefore, a tool for inexpensive testing of cells is needed. A small and very light unmanned aerial vehicle can be used for this purpose. It could fly as high as the envisaged high altitude long endurance airplane with a small number of cells and batteries, providing valuable information on them. The weight of such an experimental unmanned aerial vehicle could be minimized because long endurance would not be required, so heavy load of lithium batteries could be minimized, reducing also weights of other components. Wings of this unmanned aerial vehicle should enable installation of various types of photovoltaic cells including rigid ones. Therefore, it would be advantageous to apply an airfoil with a flat-upper-surface as large as possible. Unfortunately, flat-upper-surface airfoils are not popular in airfoils catalogs. Therefore, an attempt was undertaken to design an airfoil with 75% flat upper surface. The research focused on maximization of the lift-to-drag ratio and power factor assuming low Reynolds numbers conditions since it was designed for a small unmanned aerial vehicle for photovoltaic cells testing. This paper contains description of design methodology, design assumptions, and the obtained results. Moreover, the authors describe the experiment undertaken to verify the design. The wind tunnel and a semi-span model used for this experiment are presented together with the obtained results. The model has a similar structure to the envisaged structure of unmanned aerial vehicle, so flexibility of the wing is taken into account.
Reduced-order models for radiative heat transfer of hypersonic vehicles
Authors: Yan Xiaoxuan , Han Jinglong , Yun Haiwei , Chen Xiaomao
Published: May 2020

Aerothermoelastic analysis of hypersonic vehicles is a complex multidisciplinary coupling problem. Thus, accurate modeling of varying disciplines with low computational cost is necessary. This work developed a tractable approach-based reduced-order modeling technology to solve the radiative thermal transfer problem in a hypersonic simulation. A method that combines proper orthogonal decomposition and unassembled discrete empirical interpolation method is developed to construct the reduced-order modeling. First, high-dimensional original systems are projected on the optional basis generated by proper orthogonal decomposition, and the nonlinear term is further approximated by unassembled discrete empirical interpolation method. Then, a numerical integration method for the solution of the reduced system of nonlinear differential equations is provided. Case studies that use a classical hypersonic control surface model, in which the time history and spatial distribution of the thermal load are known a priori, are conducted to validate the accuracy and efficiency of the reduced-order modeling methodology and to assess the robustness of the reduced-order modeling for thermal solution. Results indicate the ability of reduced-order modeling to reduce the nonlinear system size with reasonable accuracy.
A novel adaptive second-order nonsingular terminal sliding mode guidance law design
Authors: Xu Shuai , Gao Min , Fang Dan , Wang Yi , Li Baochen
Published: May 2020

Aiming at the problem of missile attacking ground target in pitch plane, combined with a composite fast nonsingular terminal sliding mode, a new adaptive finite-time stable guidance law with attack angle constraint is designed based on the second-order sliding mode control. The improved extended state observer is used to estimate the uncertainties and compensate the control quantity, and the dynamic control gains are designed to avoid the problem about “excessive estimation” of the parameter upper limit. According to the Lyapunov stability theory, it is proved that the system states can converge into a small neighborhood near the equilibrium point in a finite time. Monte Carlo simulation is carried out by randomly generating initial conditions, which proves that the guidance law has strong adaptability to different initial conditions and has good guidance precision.
Integrated celestial navigation for spacecraft using interferometer and Earth sensor
Authors: Xiong Kai , Wei Chunling
Published: May 2020

An integrated celestial navigation scheme for spacecrafts based on an optical interferometer and an ultraviolet Earth sensor is presented in this paper. The optical interferometer is adopted to measure the change in inter-star angles due to stellar aberration, which provides information on the velocity of the spacecraft in the plane perpendicular to the direction of the observed star. In order to enhance the navigation performance, the measurements obtained from the ultraviolet Earth sensor is used to eliminate the unfavorable effect caused by the gravitational deflection of starlight. As the prior knowledge about the optical path delay bias of the optical interferometer may be ambiguous, a Q-learning extended Kalman filter is derived to fuse the two types of measurements, and estimate the kinematic state together with the optical path delay bias. The solution of the autonomous navigation system consists of position, velocity and attitude of the spacecraft. Numerical simulation shows that an evident improvement in navigation accuracy can be achieved by introducing the ultraviolet Earth sensor into the navigation system. In addition, it is shown that the Q-learning extended Kalman filter performs better than the traditional extended Kalman filter.
Truth, Lies, and Gossip
Authors: Peters Kim , Fonseca Miguel A.
Published: May 2020

It is widely assumed that people will share inaccurate gossip for their own selfish purposes. This assumption, if true, presents a challenge to the growing body of work positing that gossip is a ready source of accurate reputational information and therefore is welfare improving. We tested this inaccuracy assumption by examining the frequency and form of spontaneous lies shared between gossiping members of networks playing a series of one-shot trust games ( N = 320). We manipulated whether gossipers were or were not competing with each other. We showed that lies make up a sizeable minority of messages and are twice as frequent under gossiper competition. However, this had no discernible effect on trust levels. We attribute this to the findings that (a) gossip targets are insensitive to lies and (b) some lies are welfare enhancing. These findings suggest that lies need not prevent—and may help—gossip to serve reputational functions.
Development and Content Validation of an Instrument to Measure Baseline Standards for Pediatric Oncology Nursing in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Day Sara W. , Sullivan Courtney E. , Morrissey Lisa , Abramovitz Linda , Segovia Lorena , Punjwani Rehana , Challinor Julia
Published: May 2020

The Nursing Working Group of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology developed baseline standards for pediatric oncology nursing care in low- and middle-income countries. The standards represent the foundational support required to provide quality nursing care and address barriers such as inadequate staffing, lack of support, limited access to education, and unsafe nursing environments. The purpose of the current study was to develop and validate an instrument to accurately measure the standards. Content validity was assessed by a panel of expert pediatric oncology nurses from all geographical regions of the World Health Organization. The experts were informed about the study’s purpose and provided the publications used to develop the instrument. The experts rated how well each criterion measured the corresponding standard by using a 4-point scale. A content validity index (CVI) was computed by using the percentage of total standards given a score of 3 or 4 by the experts. A CVI of .98 was obtained from the panel’s evaluation. A CVI of more than .80 is recommended for a newly developed instrument. On the basis of the panel’s recommendations, minor modifications were made to the instrument. We developed and validated the content of an instrument to accurately measure baseline standards for pediatric oncology nursing care. This instrument will aid future research on the effect of nursing standards on clinical outcomes, including mortality and abandonment of treatment, with the potential to influence health policy decisions and improve nursing support in low- and middle-income countries.
Tetralogy of Fallot With Pulmonary Atresia: Anatomy, Physiology, Imaging, and Perioperative Management
Authors: Ganigara Madhusudan , Sagiv Eyal , Buddhe Sujatha , Bhat Aarti , Chikkabyrappa Sathish M.
Published: May 2020

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) with pulmonary atresia (ToF-PA) is a complex congenital heart defect at the extreme end of the spectrum of ToF, with no antegrade flow into the pulmonary arteries. Patients differ with regard to the sources of pulmonary blood flow. In the milder spectrum of disease, there are confluent branch pulmonary arteries fed by ductus arteriosus. In more severe cases, however, the ductus arteriosus is absent, and the sole source of pulmonary blood flow is via major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs). The variability in the origin, size, number, and clinical course of these MAPCAs adds to the complexity of these patients. Currently, the goal of management is to establish pulmonary blood flow from the right ventricle (RV) with RV pressures that are ideally less than half of the systemic pressure to allow for closure of the ventricular septal defect. In the long term, patients with ToF-PA are at higher risk for reinterventions to address pulmonary arterial or RV-pulmonary artery conduit stenosis, progressive aortic root dilation and aortic insufficiency, and late mortality than those with less severe forms of ToF.
Exploring the Usage of a Violence Prevention and Response App Among Community College Students
Authors: Potter Sharyn J. , Moschella Elizabeth A. , Smith Delilah , Draper Nora
Published: May 2020

Sexual assault is a significant problem on college campuses. To date, much of the research on prevention and response has been conducted with students enrolled at traditional 4-year institutions. Limited research exists on 2-year institutions (also known as community colleges), which enroll a more diverse population (e.g., economic, gender, racial, and ethnic minorities) who are more vulnerable to victimization. Yet, 2-year institutions have few resources dedicated to the prevention of and response to sexual violence. Advances in technology, including mobile apps, have provided additional avenues to easily disseminate prevention and response information to college students. Mobile apps may be especially beneficial for community colleges given their diverse population and limited resources. Therefore, the present study examined a sample of community college students who reported downloading a violence prevention and response mobile app, uSafeUS, and their reasons for downloading. Participants were recruited from seven community colleges in a northeastern state and completed an online campus climate survey. Results indicate that participants who downloaded uSafeUS were more likely to perceive they were safe from campus sexual violence and receive information regarding campus sexual violence from their college than participants who did not download the app. Participants also reported downloading uSafeUS to keep themselves safe, to help a friend, and because they liked the sexual violence prevention and resource features. Female participants were more likely than male participants to download uSafeUS to keep themselves safe and because they liked the sexual violence resource information. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Responding to Campus Climate Data: Developing an Action Plan to Reduce Campus Sexual Misconduct
Authors: Swartout Kevin M. , Wood Leila , Busch-Armendariz Noël
Published: May 2020

Hundreds of U.S. institutions of higher education have conducted campus climate surveys recently to assess students’ experiences with sexual misconduct and perceptions of institutions’ related policies and procedures. Many of these surveys were implemented in response to the recommendation by the 2014 White House Task Force to Protect Students from Sexual Assault. The several options for campus climate surveys, ranging from free measures campuses can implement themselves to full-service survey implementation packages, have streamlined and facilitated the climate data collection process. Unfortunately, there is little guidance on how institutions can use and respond to their climate data. This article presents a framework that institutions could use to develop an action plan based on findings from their campus climate survey, predicated on a process that begins before the survey is implemented and lasts long after data collection concludes. Each institution of higher education is different, and individual campus action plans can vary based on campus structure, dynamics, and climate survey findings.
Sustained Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports Implementation: School Leaders Discuss Their Processes and Practices
Authors: Scaletta Michael , Tejero Hughes Marie
Published: May 2020

The purpose of the study was to investigate the leadership practices that elementary school administrators and leadership teams utilize to promote effective, successful, and sustainable schoolwide positive behavioral interventions and supports (SWPBIS). The study focused on the practices, processes, and challenges that administrators and school leaders indicated led to the successful implementation of the SWPBIS framework. Twenty-four school leaders (six administrators; 18 leadership team members) from five elementary schools with platinum recognition for their high-quality SWPBIS implementation participated. School administrators participated in an in-person interview, and leadership team members participated in focus group interviews. Results revealed that successful SWPBIS framework implementation was promoted by establishing a distributed leadership approach that leveraged teachers as leaders while shaping their buildings’ systems of practices and processes, providing training and professional development to staff, establishing buy-in by stakeholders, and engaging stakeholders in their PBIS efforts.
Tomographic characteristics of focal choroidal excavation and its association with retinal disorders
Authors: Inanc Merve , Tekin Kemal , Teke Mehmet Yasin , Kiziltoprak Hasan
Published: May 2020

Purpose:

To evaluate the morphological, clinical, and tomographic characteristics of focal choroidal excavation in the context of concomitant retinal pathologies.

Methods:

This case series included 13 eyes of 13 patients with focal choroidal excavation diagnosed by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Morphologic characteristics of excavation and quantitative thicknesses of retinal layers and choroid were analyzed in excavation area, area adjacent to excavation, and fellow eye without focal choroidal excavation by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Results:

At the initial examinations, one eye had a history of blunt trauma, three eyes were diagnosed with choroidal neovascularization, one with choroidal osteoma, one with angioid streaks, one with retinal detachment, one with diabetic macular edema, one with optic pit, one with torpedo maculopathy, and the rest three with idiopathic focal choroidal excavation. The mean choroidal thickness in the area of focal choroidal excavation was statistically significantly thinner compared to in the area adjacent to focal choroidal excavation and fellow eye ( p < 0.001) and total average outer nuclear layer thickness was statistically significantly thicker in the area of excavation compared with fellow eye ( p = 0.007).

Conclusion:

This study confirmed the presence of focal choroidal excavation in various ocular diseases and the evaluation of focal choroidal excavation using the spectral-domain optical coherence tomography demonstrated choroidal thinning and outer nuclear layer thickening in the area of the excavation.