bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The intracellular signaling pathways governing macrophage activation and function in human atherosclerosis
Authors: Wilson Heather M.
Published: November 2022

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by lipid accumulation and plaque formation in arterial vessel walls. Atherosclerotic plaques narrow the arterial lumen to increase the risk of heart attacks, ischemic stroke and peripheral vascular disease, which are major and worldwide health and economic burdens. Macrophage accumulation within plaques is characteristic of all stages of atherosclerosis and their presence is a potential marker of disease activity and plaque stability. Macrophages engulf lipids and modified lipoproteins to form foam cells that express pro-inflammatory and chemotactic effector molecules, stress inducing factors and reactive oxygen species. They control plaque stability and rupture through secretion of metalloproteinases and extracellular matrix degradation. Although macrophages can worsen disease by propagating inflammation, they can stabilize atherosclerotic plaques through tissue remodeling, promoting the formation of a fibrous cap, clearing apoptotic cells to prevent necrotic core formation and through vascular repair. In atherosclerosis, macrophages respond to dyslipidaemia, cytokines, dying cells, metabolic factors, lipids, physical stimuli and epigenetic factors and exhibit heterogeneity in their activation depending on the stimuli they receive. Understanding these signals and the pathways driving macrophage function within developing and established plaques and how they can be pharmacologically modulated, represents a strategy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis. This review focusses on the current understanding of factors controlling macrophage heterogeneity and function in atherosclerosis. Particular attention is given to the macrophage intracellular signaling pathways and transcription factors activated by biochemical and biophysical stimuli within plaques, and how they are integrated to regulate plaque formation and stability.
Investigating Perceptual Subgroups in Speakers With Ataxic Dysarthria: An Auditory Free Classification Approach
Authors: Spencer Kristie A. , Amaral Jessica , Lansford Kaitlin
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

Ataxic dysarthria has presented with considerable heterogeneity in the presentation of speech characteristics. Converging evidence supports the existence of subgroups, specifically related to the instability and inflexibility of motor patterns as a possible explanation of this variability.

Method:

To further examine the alignment of the speech characteristics of ataxic dysarthria with the instability/inflexibility framework, 23 graduate student listeners participated in an auditory free classification task and a guided classification task. Listeners grouped 15 speakers with ataxic dysarthria based on their judgment of the most salient perceptual characteristics during two speaking tasks: alternating motion rates (AMRs) and connected speech (one to two sentences). Listener ratings were then compared with a priori determinations of speakers who fit the instability subgroup profile and the inflexibility subgroup profile.

Results:

Results of both the free classification and guided classification listening paradigms provided supportive evidence of subgroups, particularly for the AMR task, in the context of strong inter- and intrarater reliability.

Conclusion:

This study adds to the growing evidence of the existence of instability and inflexibility subgroups in ataxic dysarthria and serves as a proof of concept for use of the auditory free classification paradigm in dysarthria subgroup research.
Video frame interpolation via residual blocks and feature pyramid networks
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Haoran , Qu Zhe , Feng Zhiquan , Tian Jinglan
Published: November 2022

Various deep learning‐based video frame interpolation methods have been proposed in the past few years, but how to generate high quality interpolated frames in videos with large motions, complex backgrounds and rich textures is still a challenging issue. To deal with this limitation, a frame interpolation method based on residual blocks and feature pyramids is proposed. U‐Net is the main architecture of our method, which can capture multi‐layer information, segment objects from the background and obtain parameters with motion information to guide frame interpolation. However, the upsampling and subsampled of U‐Net will lose important information. In order to acquire more detailed contextual information, shortcut connection is used in the encoder basic module. At the same time, feature pyramid network is employed to capture features at different scales of the decoder to improve the representation of inter‐frame spatial‐temporal features. The experimental results show that the proposed method outperform the baseline methods in both of objective and subjective evaluations on different datasets. In particular, the method has obvious advantages on datasets which contain complex background.
Retracted: A conceptual framework for crowdsourcing requirements engineering in SCRUM‐based environment
Authors: Alatawi Mohammed Naif
Published: November 2022

Retraction: [Mohammed Naif Alatawi, A conceptual framework for crowdsourcing requirements engineering in SCRUM‐based environment, IET Software 2022 (https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12077)].

The above article from IET Software, published online on 22 November 2022 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Hana Chockler, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal’s peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
The microscopic characteristics of particle matter and image algorithm based on fractal theory
Authors: Tan Piqiang , Yin Yifan , Wang Deyuan , Lou Diming , Hu Zhiyuan
Published: November 2022

The effects of ash and sulfur content on the morphology of particulate matter (PM) in diesel particle filter (DPF) were investigated with five different components of lubricants. The aggregate morphology of primary particles in diesel were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fractal dimensions of carbon particles were calculated by box-counting method (BCM), differential box-counting method (DBC), relative differential box-counting method (RDBC) and MAD-based box counting method (MAD-DBC), and the results were compared. The results showed that the microstructure of PM developed from chain-like structure to agglomerate structure with the increase of sulfur and ash content in lubricating oil. The fractal dimension of carbon particles increased with the increase of sulfur and ash content. The SSE of RDBC fitting results was smaller, and the R-square is larger. MAD-DBC fitting results had stronger anti-noise interference performance.
Real driving emissions evaluation for a heavy duty vehicle based on engine-in-the-loop methodology
Authors: Wang Xiaowei , Jing Xiaojun , Gao Tao , Wu Linlin , Zhang Youyuan
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the engine-in-the-loop (EIL) methodology was used to study real driving emissions of a heavy-duty vehicle on an engine test bed. The virtual vehicle was combined with the actual engine to establish an EIL test platform. The result of the vehicle speed followability shows that the difference between the EIL simulated vehicle speed and the actual vehicle speed is within ±2 km/h, indicating that the vehicle cycle can be well reproduced on the engine test bed by EIL method. The EIL method shows high coincidence of engine operating points. Compared with real driving, the CO2, NOx and PN of EIL is 3.6%, 72.3% and 40% lower for this vehicle, respectively. Analysis shows that equipment difference is the key influencing factor for PN test accuracy of EIL, while the control of exhaust temperature and intercooler temperature play important roles in NOx test accuracy of EIL.
Feasibility study on mornitoring NOx emissions of China-VI natural gas engines with the NOx sensor
Authors: Zhang Lin , Chen Xiong , Li Su , Zou Lin
Published: November 2022

Based on a heavy-duty stoichiometric natural gas engine which can meet the requirement of China-VI regulations, steady-state and transient cycles were carried out to measure the exhaust NOx concentration out of TWC by a NOx sensor and a gaseous emission analyzer simultaneously. The results show that the measurement results of NOx sensor are relatively higher when the NOx emission concentrations are lower than 50 ppm, and the accuracy is not high enough. Due to the obviously smaller proportion of lower NOx concentrations, especially for the concentrations below 10ppm, the average concentration measured by the NOx sensor was 24.3% higher than the average concentration measured by the emission analyzer during the whole testing process. When the NOx concentrations are higher than 50ppm, the frequency distributions of NOx concentration measured by NOx sensor and emission analyzer are almost the same, and the deviations of average NOx concentrations between these two measurement methods can be within ±4.5%, which represent a significantly high reliability of NOx sensor.
Research on the influence of different calculation methods of deterioration factors on light-duty vehicle emissions
Authors: Yang Zhengjun , Liu Le , Wang Yuwei , Zou Xionghui , Geng Peilin , Zhao Haiguang
Published: November 2022

The calculation method of deterioration factor of durability test in China 6 emission regulation of light-duty vehicle is studied. The difference between multiplication and addition in the implementation of the regulations is obtained. The results show that the additive DF can keep the actual deterioration level of the car, while the multiplication DF will change the deterioration level of the car and enlarge the error; With the decrease of emission limit, multiplication DF makes it more difficult for vehicles to pass through emission limit value than add DF; For emission consistency inspection, the two degradation factors have advantages in different regions.
A review of on-road vehicle emission inventory
Authors: Yang Daoyuan , Zhang Yonglin , Wu Rui , Song Yuanyuan , Xu Honglei
Published: November 2022

The large increase in the on-road vehicle population in China has raised sustainability concerns regarding air pollution prevention, energy conservation, and climate change mitigation. Vehicle emission inventory is an irreplaceable tool to characterize the temporal and spatial distribution of the air pollutant and provide guidance to the policy makers with effective vehicle emission controls. This review paper reviewed two kinds of typical vehicle emission inventories. The top-down vehicle emission inventories is calculated based on the static datasets (e.g., vehicle population, vehicle kilometer traveled, and fuel consumption). These inventories could track historical emissions abatement progress and examine potential benefits from future regulations. The technological evolution in intelligent transportation systems have facilitated emission inventories to satisfy the increasing sophisticated management demand. The bottom-up link-level vehicle emission inventories are development based on the availability of the real-world traffic profiles. To simulate the temporal and spatial patterns with high-resolution, traffic demand model and machine learning methods are employed to elucidate traffic emissions.
Experimental and kinetic modeling studies on oxidation of n-heptane under oxygen enrichment in a jet-stirred reactor
Authors: Wang Can , Zhong Xin , Liu Haifeng , Song Tengda , Wang Hu , Yang Bin , Yao Mingfa
Published: November 2022

Oxygen-enriched combustion can improve thermal efficiency and reduce CO, unburned hydrocarbons and soot emissions in internal combustion engines. There are significant differences in the combustion process and pollutant emissions between oxygen-enriched and air condition. In order to develop an improved understanding of the effect of oxygen concentration on n-heptane oxidation, the jet-stirred reactor oxidation characteristics of n-heptane were experimentally tested at temperatures of 450-950 K and pressures of 1.03 atm with the residence time (τ) of 2 s, under the condition of oxygen mole fractions from 0.055 to 0.6. Meantime, the simulations were performed on CHEMKIN. Results show that, firstly, with the increase of oxygen concentration, the NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) effect is weakened, mainly due to the strengthening of low-temperature reaction path, which is also the reason for the improvement of ignition stability in cold-start condition of engines. Secondly, the activity of the reaction system improves with the increase of oxygen concentration. Within 500-750 K, it is due to enhancement of the low-temperature reaction path. When the temperature is higher than 750 K, the improvement is due to the enhancement of decomposition of H2O2 and addition reaction of H and O2. Thirdly, with the increase of oxygen concentration, both the generation and consumption of CO are strengthened, which leads to the tip of the diesel spray flame changing from soot area under air condition to the CO chemiluminescence.
A covering model of 3d-teeth analysis for holes filling
Authors: Zhu Shijiao , Zhu Xue , Wang Lin , Zheng Ganmin , Liao Mingjun
Published: November 2022

This paper discusses the construction and implementation of teeth holes filling mathod. The architecture and model of the combination of PONN multi-layer to cover teeth and fill holes of teething. Finally, the position of teeth is found, and the tooth model is placed through 3D space. Experimental results show that the method has good expansibility and superiority.
Design of high friction elastic surface double eccentric wheel self-clamping structure and unlocking mechanism
Authors: Cai Yingying , Chen Nuo , Zhu Jingwen , Wang Weicheng , Huang Li
Published: November 2022

Discussed The eccentric-wheel clamping mechanism which used for clamping workpieces in industry, how to use the design method with double eccentric wheel self-clamping mechanism for civil life, and through this method to designed and realized a small clamping device which can be used for desktop or wall hanging. After extensive measurements for the practical use of mug drainage, the effectiveness of the design method discussed in this article is verified. It has been proved that even if the volume is not more than 85 * 85 * 40mm, it is possible to use a double eccentric wheel clamping mechanism to achieve a long time (>72 hours) can be effectively fixed. And can be achieved at low cost using ordinary 3D printing materials (PLA) and adhesive tape, etc., with the potential for large-scale mass production. In addition, through this example, it is also shown that pure mechanical equipment still has great practical significance in some long-term, low-energy consumption applications, and has the value of further in-depth exploration and development.
Underground cable modeling and sheath grounding fault simulation
Authors: Li Hai , Yuan Jialiang , He Bangle , Wang Zhenxing , Zou Xiangyu
Published: November 2022

The modeling of single core cable has an important influence on the calculation of cable sheath cross-connected grounding current and voltage. A suitable equivalent circuit can greatly reduce the complexity of the model. In this paper, the theoretical calculation of π type equivalent circuit of cable is analyzed, and the equivalent circuit of cable sheath grounding system is analyzed. Then the calculation equation of sheath circulation and induced voltage is obtained. Finally, by simulating two kinds of sheath grounding faults, two kinds of sheath grounding fault location are summarized.
Capacitor voltage balance control strategy based on MMC-MTDC
Authors: Ju Pengfei , Zhao Bowen , Zhang Yanchi , Din Tian , Liao Wanting , Fang Jun
Published: November 2022

The MMC is composed of a large number of sub-modules. The operating conditions of each sub-module are different, which will inevitably affect the capacitor voltage of each sub-module, resulting in the difference of the capacitor voltage of each sub-module. The problem of uneven voltage of the sub-module capacitor voltage of the MMC system is unavoidable, and the uneven voltage of the capacitor will greatly affect the stable operation of the MMC system. This paper studies the multi-terminal flexible DC transmission system (MMC-MTDC) based on modular multi-level converters. The multi-terminal MMC-MTDC system model is established through the MMC-MTDC converter station level and the MMC-MTDC system level controller, and then according to the shutdown process of MMC-MTDC system, several optimal control methods are proposed to realize energy feedback and sub-module discharge to achieve capacitor voltage balance. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by building a simulation model.
Nataf transformation based univariate decomposable polynomial RSM for engineering reliability analysis
Authors: Liu Gaixia , Zhang Wentong
Published: November 2022

For engineering problems, the correlation exists among the common random variables. For those with highly correlated variables accompanying the high nonlinearity, large error would be induced if ignoring the influence of their correlation matrix. Considering correlated variables, an executing mode of polynomial response surface method based on Nataf transformation and univariate decomposition is introduced in this paper, called as N-UDPRSM. The correlated variables can be converted into the independent standard normal space and all of the univariate component polynomials can be determined separately. Besides, high order terms can be adopted into N-UDPRSM to balance the accuracy and efficiency for high nonlinear engineering problems. The corresponding practical implementation for engineering reliability analysis is designed in detail. A typical engineering structure is studied. The results indicate that it performs well in balancing accuracy and efficiency, and it also preserve some superiority contrast with other state-of-art methods.
Research on shear lag effect of cantilever concrete box beam with double chambers
Authors: Pan Jinglan , Chen Kongliang
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the authors used finite element method to investigate the longitudinal and transverse shear lag effects and the effect of aspect ratio on the shear lag of double-chamber cantilever concrete box girder under uniform distributed load. The results show that the root section is positive shear lag, and the mid-span section is negative shear lag. In the longitudinal direction, positive and negative shear lag changes appear in box girder. The effect of shear lag at fixed end is significantly affected by aspect ratio, and the effect degree is different in different parts. The positive and negative values of shear lag must be determined by the stress curve.
Design and analysis of relay protection system for AC DC hybrid system
Authors: Lv Zhaorui , Yang Ying
Published: November 2022

With the national new energy policy, AC DC integrated distribution network is more and more common, in the AC DC hybrid grid, the interaction between AC and DC side will lead to complicated fault characteristics, which further affect the relay protection system strategy, with typical system as the object of the AC DC relay protection strategy, fault characteristics aimed at different short dot simulation study are done, and verify the correctness and feasibility of the system configuration.
Automatic parking trajectory tracking control strategy on LQR and PID
Authors: Zhong Jinghong , Yang Bin , Li Jianping , Sun Renyun
Published: November 2022

This study selects two degree of freedom dynamic model as the research object, and the automatic parking process is analyzed. The longitudinal cascade controller of speed PID and position PID is used to control the longitudinal motion of the vehicle. The lateral tracking controller based on LQR optimal theory is adopted, and the feedforward control is added to form the optimal feedforward LQR controller as the lateral tracking controller. Based on the co-simulation platform of MATLAB/Simulink and CarSim, the function of the designed automatic parking trajectory tracking control strategy is verified. The car test was completed. The ultrasonic sensor, raspberry pie and Arduino were used as the main parts to build an intelligent car test platform to simulate the performance of the designed tracking control strategy in the real vehicle. Software simulation results and vehicle test results showed that the designed control strategy can ensure the path tracking performance of vehicle under normal parking speed, and has good tracking accuracy, real-time performance and vehicle driving stability.
Therapie und Training bei Tendinopathien
Authors: Köcker Sebastian , Kubosch Eva Johanna , Morath Oliver , Buhl Julian
Published: November 2022

Tendinopathien sind ein häufiges Krankheitsbild in der physiotherapeutischen Praxis, und es stellt sich die Frage, wie wirksam trotz der Schmerzsymptomatik Therapie und Training sind. Dies vor allem auch vor dem Hintergrund, dass der genaue Mechanismus für das Entstehen einer Tendinopathie nicht vollständig geklärt ist. Dieser Refresher-Artikel erklärt die aktuellen Hypothesen zur Entstehung einer Tendinopathie und zeigt Therapieansätze sowie Trainingsprinzipien für das im Wesentlichen überlastungsinduzierte Beschwerdebild.
Bayesian inference and calibration of magnetic diagnostics
Authors: Phung K. H. , Romero J. A. , Roche T. ,   TAE Team
Published: November 2022

The magnetic diagnostics across TAE Technologies’ compact toroid fusion device include 28 internal and 45 external flux loops that measure poloidal flux and axial field strength, 64 three-axis (radial, toroidal, and axial) Mirnov probes, and 22 internal and external, axial-only Mirnov probes. Imperfect construction, installation, and physical constraints required a Bayesian approach for the calibration process to best account for errors in signals. These errors included flux loops not fitted to a perfect circle due to spatial constraints, Mirnov probes not perfectly aligned against their respective axes, and flux pickup that occurred within the insert (feedthrough) of the Mirnov probes. Our model-based calibration is derived from magnetostatic theory and the circuitry of the sensors. These models predicted outputs that were compared against experimental data. Using a simple least-squares optimization, we were able to predict flux loop data within 1% of relative error. For the Mirnov probes, we utilized Bayesian inference to determine three rotation angles and three amplifier gains. The results of this work not only gave our diagnostic measurements physical meaning, but also act as a safeguard to spot when instruments have malfunctioned, or when there is an error in database maintenance. This paper will go into the details of our calibration procedure, our Bayesian modeling, and the accuracy of our results compared to experimental data.
Finite-time recurrence analysis of chaotic trajectories in Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Palmero Matheus S. , Caldas Iberê L. , Sokolov Igor M.
Published: November 2022

In this work, we show that a finite-time recurrence analysis of different chaotic trajectories in two-dimensional non-linear Hamiltonian systems provides useful prior knowledge of their dynamical behavior. By defining an ensemble of initial conditions, evolving them until a given maximum iteration time, and computing the recurrence rate of each orbit, it is possible to find particular trajectories that widely differ from the average behavior. We show that orbits with high recurrence rates are the ones that experience stickiness, being dynamically trapped in specific regions of the phase space. We analyze three different non-linear maps and present our numerical observations considering particular features in each of them. We propose the described approach as a method to visually illustrate and characterize regions in phase space with distinct dynamical behaviors.
Single polaron hopping in Fe doped glassy semiconductors: Structure–electrical transport relationship
Authors: Ghosh Jiban , Sengupta Anwesha , Halder Prolay , Ojha Swarupa , Panda Goutam Kr , Bhattacharya Sanjib
Published: November 2022

The development of glassy nanocomposites, xFe-(1−x) (0.5 V2O5–0.4 CdO–0.1 ZnO) is particularly important not only for exploring their microstructures using x-ray diffraction, FT-IR, and UV–Vis techniques but also for exploring their electrical conduction mechanism in terms of hopping of small polarons. The presence of various nanophases, such as ZnO, CdO, Cd9.5Zn0.5, ZnV, and Zn3V2O8, have been identified and the size of estimated nanocrystallites is found to decrease with more incorporation of the Fe content in the compositions. As the value of lattice strain increases with the increase of the Fe content in the compositions, the present system becomes more and more unstable, which may be favorable for better electrical transport phenomena via the polaron hopping process. Electrical conductivity of the system has been analyzed using modified correlated barrier hopping model, Almond–West formalism, and the alternating-current conductivity scaling. Experimental data reveal that both optical photon and acoustical phonon transitions are responsible for the entire electrical conduction process. Polaron hopping is expected to be of percolation type, which has been validated from an estimated range of frequency exponents. All experimental data have been used to frame a schematic model to explore the conduction mechanism inside the present glassy system.
Synchronous analyses between electroencephalogram and surface electromyogram based on motor imagery and motor execution
Authors: Zhang Yue , Chen Weihai , Lin Chun-Liang , Pei Zhongcai , Chen Jianer , Wang Daming
Published: November 2022

The functional coupling of the cerebral cortex and muscle contraction indicates that electroencephalogram (EEG) and surface electromyogram (sEMG) signals are coherent. The objective of this study is to clearly describe the coupling relationship between EEG and sEMG through a variety of analysis methods. We collected the EEG and sEMG data of left- or right-hand motor imagery and motor execution from six healthy subjects and six stroke patients. To enhance the coherence coefficient between EEG and sEMG signals, the algorithm of EEG modification based on the peak position of sEMG signals is proposed. Through analyzing a variety of signal synchronization analysis methods, the most suitable coherence analysis algorithm is selected. In addition, the wavelet coherence analysis method based on time spectrum estimation was used to study the linear correlation characteristics of the frequency domain components of EEG and sEMG signals, which verified that wavelet coherence analysis can effectively describe the temporal variation characteristics of EEG–sEMG coherence. In the task of motor imagery, the significant EEG–sEMG coherence is mainly in the imagination process with the frequency distribution of the alpha and beta frequency bands; in the task of motor execution, the significant EEG–sEMG coherence mainly concentrates before and during the task with the frequency distribution of the alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands. The results of this study may provide a theoretical basis for the cooperative working mode of neurorehabilitation training and introduce a new method for evaluating the functional state of neural rehabilitation movement.
Thermosensitive methylcellulose spray-dried microcapsules as a controlled release carrier for soil management
Authors: Xiang Kailing , Wu Youzhi , Li Shuhong , Chen Jiacheng , Xu Mengyang , Dai Weisen , Wang Jincheng
Published: November 2022

The excessive use of chemical products in agricultural production has brought many problems such as water pollution, air pollution, soil acidification and eutrophication of water bodies. Biodegradable methylcellulose microcapsules are used as carriers to achieve pollution-free and intelligent controlled release of agricultural chemical products. Methylcellulose was used as a coating material, loaded with fulvic acid (FA) and attapulgite (ATP), and then prepared into microcapsules by spray drying. The preparation process had good repeatability, and the obtained microcapsules possessed uniform particle size distribution. Methylcellulose microcapsules showed good heat sensitivity during water absorption process. The water absorption ratio was more than 10 times that of its own weight at 25°C, and the swelling ratio was 5–7 times that of its own weight at 35°C. The microcapsules reduced the loss of FA nearly 50% during the leaching process. Planting experiments showed that the microcapsules had good biocompatibility and exhibited obvious positive effects on the wheat growth.
A gut microbial metabolite of dietary polyphenols reverses obesity-driven hepatic steatosis
Authors: Osborn Lucas J. , Schultz Karlee , Massey William , DeLucia Beckey , Choucair Ibrahim , Varadharajan Venkateshwari , Banerjee Rakhee , Fung Kevin , Horak Anthony J. , Orabi Danny , Nemet Ina , Nagy Laura E. , Wang Zeneng , Allende Daniela S. , Willard Belinda B. , Sangwan Naseer , Hajjar Adeline M. , McDonald Christine , Ahern Philip P. , Hazen Stanley L. , Brown J. Mark , Claesen Jan
Published: November 2022

The molecular mechanisms by which dietary fruits and vegetables confer cardiometabolic benefits remain poorly understood. Historically, these beneficial properties have been attributed to the antioxidant activity of flavonoids. Here, we reveal that the host metabolic benefits associated with flavonoid consumption hinge, in part, on gut microbial metabolism. Specifically, we show that a single gut microbial flavonoid catabolite, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4-HPAA), is sufficient to reduce diet-induced cardiometabolic disease (CMD) burden in mice. The addition of flavonoids to a high fat diet heightened the levels of 4-HPAA within the portal plasma and attenuated obesity, and continuous delivery of 4-HPAA was sufficient to reverse hepatic steatosis. The antisteatotic effect was shown to be associated with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα). In a large survey of healthy human gut metagenomes, just over one percent contained homologs of all four characterized bacterial genes required to catabolize flavonols into 4-HPAA. Our results demonstrate the gut microbial contribution to the metabolic benefits associated with flavonoid consumption and underscore the rarity of this process in human gut microbial communities.
Numeral classifiers in Kazakh
Authors: Jumabay Uldanay , Nevskaya Irina , Tazhibayeva Saule
Published: November 2022

Many languages distinguish numeral classifiers in their grammar systems categorizing nominals in terms of their inherent nature, such as animacy, shape, form, and arrangement. Kazakh, a Turkic language of Central Asia, distinguishes numeral classifiers, which are used in numeral classifier constructions consisting of a numeral, a numeral classifier and a specified noun. Numeral classifiers in such constructions can be optional. This paper aims at a preliminary description of the features, types, and usage of numeral classifiers in Kazakh.
What does image schema facilitate in English L2 vocabulary processing?
Authors: Sato Takeshi , Ogura Masa’aki , Burden Tyler
Published: November 2022

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of image-schema-oriented visual aids to cohesively process the semantic information of English (L2) phrasal verbs (PVs), leading to the proper understanding of their senses. As previous studies suggested the advantage of image-schema-based L2 vocabulary learning, our study hypothesizes that image-schema-oriented visual aids in a multimedia environment can develop the motivated semantic networks of L2 PVs, leading to their successful processing and comprehension. To verify the hypothesis, we administered two empirical studies to Japanese undergraduates learning with image-schema-oriented visual aids. Although they were administered in different settings, both studies showed that the participants could obtain significant learning gains, especially figurative meanings. This finding suggests that the use of image-schema-oriented aids could successfully process semantic information of L2 PVs enough to develop a motivated semantic network and reconfirm the significance of image schema in terms of enhancing learners’ metaphoric competence.
Weldability of Nickel/Aluminum Dissimilar Materials Laser Welding Part I: Microstructure Development, Solidification Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Polycrystalline Nickel-based Superalloy
Authors: Gao Zhiguo
Published: November 2022

Weldability-related issues, including asymmetrical weld pool shape, γ phase multicomponent microstructure development, solidification behavior and mechanical properties, of γʹʹ precipitation-strengthened polycrystalline nickel-based superalloy are experimentally analyzed during keyhole laser welding repair. The crucial relationship between them provides weldability improvement opportunities and defect-free high quality weld for feasible aerospace materials laser processing. Attractive neck transition region of weld is more vulnerable to coarser dendrite than bottom part in the vicinity of fusion boundary, and this location is also liable to abundant Laves/γ eutectic phase formation because of heat and solute accumulation. The dominant chemical inhomogeneity brings about microstructure anomalies and irregular morphology to deteriorate hot cracking resistance. Because of thermometallurgical factors of selective alloying partition in the molten pool, partition-resistant Cr is chemically accumulated in dendrite core, while partition-susceptible Ti, Al, Mo and Nb are enriched in high-supersaturation interdendrite region, which consequently result in serious segregation and extensive Nb-rich intermetallic phase formation across solidification interface. Dendrite refinement and aggressive Laves/γ eutectic phase formation suppression are not simultaneously satisfied by low heat input under nonequilibrium solidification conditions. Therefore, mechanical properties are only partially improved by diffusion-limited microstructure refinement as result of phase instability. In other words, reductions of tensile strength and ductility are attributed to brittle Laves/γ eutectic phase formation during terminal stage of solidification. The severity of eutectic reaction thermodynamically depends on nail-shaped keyhole profile, solidification conditions and solute redistribution ahead of solid/liquid interface. Additionally, viable control of weld metallurgical and mechanical properties progressively encourages optimal combination of laser power and welding speed to interdendritically minimize disadvantages of eutectic phase formation by a variety of welding conditions optimization.
Effects of Vanadium on the Kinetics of Austenitization from Pearlite in Fe–V–C Alloys
Authors: Hu Shihu , Kong Lingnan
Published: November 2022

Vanadium effects on the kinetic characteristics of the austenit transformation in Fe-V-C ternary alloys were investigated by microstructure analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov model (JMAK). The results show that the vanadium gives rise to the refinement of pearlite lamellar spacing before transformation, the original austenite grain size decreases after transformation, and and the increase of the amount of carbide at the grain boundarsy. Studies on kinetics showed that the austenization of the Fe-V-C ternary alloys is characterized by JMAK model involving site saturation nucleation, diffusion-controlled growth, and impingement correction. V increases the diffusion activation energy and decreases the pre-exponential factor for diffusion.
Particle Generation from Aluminum Alloy Surfaces Irradiated by 355nm Pulsed Laser and Multi-shots Laser Pretreatment Method at Low Fluences
Authors: Zhang Jihua , He Yupu , Guo Naihao , Chu Hongxu , Wang Jingxuan
Published: November 2022

The studies focus on particle generation from aluminium alloy surfaces irradiated by a Q switched Nd:YAG laser at 355 nm wavelength at low fluencies. The particles number increase with laser fluence but reduces with pulse number. The average initial threshold laser fluence for particles generation is 26.64 mJ/cm2. Larger particle with a diameter more than 5μm are found for fluencies above 76.54 mJ/cm2. After 40 pulsed laser shots at 72 mJ/cm2, it can effectively reduce the generation of metal particles. Our results demonstrated that 7075 aluminum alloy has the best laser resistance and the method of multi-shots laser pretreatment can reduced the generated particles by 76.92%. The SEM results shows that laser pretreatment process lead the passivation effct which smoothed the microstructure on the initial surface. The XPS results shows that zinc aluminate was generated during laser pretreatment process which has good thermodynamic properties. This study has important value for reducing metal particle contamination due to laser irradiation on metal surface in high power laser facilities and improving the service life of optical components.
Magnetic anisotropy of a selective laser melted Fe-Si-B alloy
Authors: Erutin Danil , Borisov Evgenii , Popovich Anatoly , Sufiiarov Vadim
Published: November 2022

Selective laser melted 1CP alloy sample was obtained. Sample is partially amorphous, otherwise it consist of α–Fe(Si) and ordered Fe3Si. In the direction parallel to the axis of the sample the coercivity is slightly lower than in the perpendicular direction and the saturation magnetization is greater. Magnetic anisotropy in sample is not weakened by held annealing: heating of 10 C°/min to 440C°, holding for 30 minutes, followed air cooling. After heat treatment coercivity in the direction parallel to the sample axis decreased from 50 Oe to 38 Oe (34%).
Ship Matrix-Deck and Analysis of Its Mechanical Properties
Authors: Chen Zhuoyuan , Qin Aizhong , Li Peiyang , Gao Zhihua , Zhao Jianbo , Liu Xiaoyong
Published: November 2022

Ship deck is generally made of steel materials. With the development of ship technology and the demand of ship lightweight design, a lightweight and modular ship deck is needed. In this paper, a ship deck is designed based on the form of matrix; The deck is mainly made of engineering plastics and filled with load-bearing materials. The overall strength of the material is analyzed by FEM simulation. According to the simulation results, the compressive strength of this grid composite structure is basically equivalent to that of C30 concrete, but the weight can be reduced by 30% compared with C30 concrete The matrix-deck has the characteristics of high strength and low density, and is suitable for occasions with high requirements for material strength and material quality.
Design and Research on the Structure of the Radar Antenna Array Unfolding and Retracting System
Authors: Tao Guocan , Fang Jingshi , Li Biao , Shi Haitao
Published: November 2022

In order to realize the efficient and rapid erection and flexible unfolding of super large active array meter wave radar with an area of more than 100 square meters, this study takes a meter wave radar antenna array unfolding and retracting system as the research object, makes a detailed structural design of the unfolding and retracting system, and establishes a three-dimensional model of the unfolding and retracting system on this basis to to Simulate the stiffness and strength of it. The changes of stiffness and strength of the array under different wind loads and wind angles are compared and analyzed. The results show that the unfolding and retracting system has high reliability under the condition of rapid erection and mobility, and has a good application and popularization prospect in the automatic unfolding and retracting system of super large radar array.
Effect of applied voltage to the characteristic of TiO2 nanofibers fabricated using electrospinning technique
Authors: Safriani L , Ardiansyah M I , Faizal F
Published: November 2022

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is an attractive semiconductor oxide compound due to its good stability properties both in chemical and photochemical. TiO2 in the form of nanofibers offers many advantages such as high surface area, flexibility of structures and mechanical properties such as stiffness and tensile strength. In this study, we reported the synthesis of TiO2 nanofibers using electrospinning technique. TiO2 nanofibers were produced from titanium (IV) iso-propoxide precursor solution at different applied voltages of 10 kV and 12 kV, while the flowrate was kept constant at 0.7 ml/hours during the process. The electrospinning process produced a thin layer of nanofibers which was then calcined for 1 hour at different calcination temperature. Based on the SEM images, we found that at applied voltage of 12 kV uniform and continuous nanofibers had already formed with the average diameter of nanofibers was in the order of sub microns. The diffraction pattern of TiO2 nanofibers shows that at a calcination temperature of 450°C, the phase was dominated by the anatase phase, while at 500°C it has a combination of anatase and rutile phases. Based on UV-Vis spectroscopy, it was found that the energy gap of TiO2 nanofibers calcined at temperature of 450°C and 500°C were 3.32 eV and 3.22 eV, respectively.
Low-Cost Prototype Multidiameter Measurement for Vertical Cylinder Tank
Authors: Firmansyah V , Ahmad K , Nugroho P , Firmansyah D A , Kuntawati M D
Published: November 2022

The vertical cylinder tank can serve as a measuring tool and as a storage device. When the vertical cylinder tank is used as a measuring instrument, it needs to be calibrated. In this process, measuring the diameter of the vertical cylinder tank is the most important step. The diameter of the tank is divided into several parts, the first part is referred to as a reference, where the results of the reference measurement will be used in the measurement of other parts. To conduct this measurement, a prototype consisting of two sensors, namely, laser distance and rotary encoder, is build. The prototype was tested using five variations in standard tube diameters measured using a steel ruler. The results of this test produce an average correction of +0.17 mm with an error of 0.59%. Furthermore, the prototype is used to measure the diameter of the vertical cylinder tank, which is compared with the certificate of the results of tank measurements using a theodolite. Testing the prototype with a vertical cylindrical tank produces a correction of +8.73 mm with an error of 0.03%. This error value is within the error limit according to the OIML International Recommendation of R-071 for vertical tanks.
Vibration Effects on Soil Slope Detected by using Arduino System
Authors: Azharudin M A A , Daud N N Nik
Published: November 2022

Slope failure is a phenomenon occurs when a slope rupture due to several factors and often happen in many countries including our country, Malaysia. These factors lead to slope failure which are underground movement due to vibration, erosion, soil characteristics, heavy rainfall, and others. Thus, monitoring process is important to conduct at risky slope. The purpose of this study is to develop a system that can monitor the slope before a failure can happen using an Internet of Things (IoT), Arduino programming. The process involved by developing a vibration effect using the mini-shaking table and sensors (accelerometer, tilt) will use by incorporating it with Arduino UNO kit. The slope of physical model was prepared in lab scale by using the soil sample collected at specific slope at varsity area. Basically, the whole works were covered a lab-based experiment and slope simulation when different vibration of the force was applied on the slope, the Arduino sensor will detect the value due to induced vibration. The created force causes movement of slope which will detected by accelerometer applied and the acceleration values will be recorded using Arduino kit. Based on the graph of acceleration against time, the values of acceleration will be analysed. Particle size distribution of soil sample results shown that the soil consists more fine particles which is 54% and low silt (ML) also agreeable by plasticity index chart. The optimum water content and maximum dry density for the soil sample are 13.35% and 16.95 g/cm3. The strength parameters indicated a cohesion value, c is 18.9 kPa and internal friction angle, ϕ is 32.3°. From physical model observations, it is shown that when the vibration force is applied with certain voltage, the slope tends to fail and there is significant reading was recorded. It can be summarized that the response of the soil is dependent on the type of soil, as well as the amplitude of the vibration.
Effect of Disaster Preparedness Training on Knowledge Regarding Flood and Landslides Disaster Management among Family with Elderly
Authors: Fatmah
Published: November 2022

Elderly population is among vulnerable populations during disasters. This study aimed to assess the effect of disaster preparedness training on knowledge on flood and landslide disaster preparedness and management in families with elderly. This was a quasi-experimental pre-post study on 30 respondents participating in natural disaster preparedness training. A significant change in general knowledge on disaster, flood, and landslide (12.9, 20, and 12.4 points, respectively). Disaster preparedness practice was good as reflected in actions performed before, during, and after disaster. Before flood occurs, families prepare a disaster preparedness bag for important documents as well as logistics (food) for emergencies and equipment for evacuation while also store valuable goods in a safe place. During flood, families prioritize elderly evacuation while seeking information on the flood through neighbors, handy talky, handphone, television, and radio and ensure the availability of sufficient logistics. After disaster, families clean their properties and house; provide clean water and toilet facilities for the family; check the health of family members that may be impacted by the flood; and make sure that all electrical panels safe. Disaster training affects the knowledge of flood and landslide disaster management in families with elderly.
Heritage Community Resilience: The Experience of Stakeholders in Calle Real, Iloilo City, Philippines
Authors: Ibabao Rhodella A. , Balinas Vicente , Camena Jerilee , Trance Rene , Defiesta Gay , Grio Mary Earl , Oreta Andres Winston , Penaredondo Suzette
Published: November 2022

Cultural heritage is a significant part of the UN Agenda 2030 in making cities safe and resilient. Yet, the role of cultural heritage on resilience has not been sufficiently investigated. The study contributes to the discussion of the role of knowledge and practices in the prevention and recovery from risks within the frameworks of heritage preservation and community-based disaster management approach. The research aims to describe the knowledge about the heritage structures as well as the heritage-related practices of stakeholders employed in Calle Real, Philippines, an urban heritage zone in Iloilo City, Philippines. Through a social survey with 200 stakeholders, key results showed that respondents are aware that the unique character of Calle Real is worth preserving. Moreover, the multiplicity of uses of the buildings makes these prone to rapid wear and tear. Also, a majority of the respondents are aware of the buildings’ susceptibility to fire, seismic hazards, and strong winds. There is a gap, however, between the respondents’ awareness of the risks of the buildings and their heritage preservation practices. Few respondents reported being affiliated with heritage advocacy groups or to take part in actual conservation activities. There are possible ways to address the disparities in knowledge and practices with the goal of enhancing heritage resilience to natural & man-made hazards.