bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fashioning the New Woman
Authors: Rabinovitch-Fox Einav
Published: May 2022

The chapter analyzes the image of the New Woman and its feminist meanings by looking at the outfits that became most identified with her: the shirtwaist and the bicycle skirt. Focusing on the image of the Gibson Girl, the most popular archetype of the New Woman at the turn of the century, it explores how college students, White immigrant garment workers, and middle-class African American women appropriated her fashions to further claims for freedom and equality. The chapter also explores the ways middle-class White women used the popularity of the bicycle to negotiate new political presence in the public sphere, looking specifically at the efforts of the Rainy Day Club to popularize shorter bicycle skirts for everyday wear, associating ideas of feminine beauty with ideas of freedom.
Styling Women’s Rights
Authors: Rabinovitch-Fox Einav
Published: May 2022

Focusing on suffragists and Greenwich Village bohemian feminists, this chapter explores how they developed both practical and theoretical approaches to fashion that made it instrumental to feminist ideology in the early twentieth century. The chapter examines how these activists adopted and adapted the mainstream styles to popularize the suffrage cause and to express their feminist identities, using clothing and appearance as a political tool to promote women’s rights and to transform the image of “the feminist” in the public eye. By presenting themselves as fashionable modern women, adopting suits and Oriental-style clothing, both suffragists and bohemian feminist forged a more positive relationship of feminism with fashion.
Dressing the Modern Girl
Authors: Rabinovitch-Fox Einav
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the construction of the flapper image and how her styles became the main arena where contemporaries articulated and debated women’s freedom and modernity in the 1920s. It discusses how the rise of the American ready-made industry provided women across class, race, and geographical regions with the possibilities to further their claims for independence, self-fulfillment, and sexual expression. Especially for African American flappers, access to consumer culture and leisure enabled them to articulate claims for gender and racial equality vis-à-vis both Blacks and Whites. The chapter focuses on the debates over skirts’ hemlines by the end of the decade, and how women framed their adherence to shorter lengths in political terms, thus offering a new model of feminist activism and resistance.
Maxixe and Its Antecedents
Authors: Sandroni Carlos
Published: May 2022

This chapter looks at maxixe, the musical genre most directly associated, in the historiography, with “old” style samba. Maxixe emerged in the 1870s as a type of dance practiced in working-class neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro. Maxixe was danced to the sound of lundus, Brazilian polkas (sometimes called polcas-lundu), and Brazilian tangos. These genres are discussed in this chapter, with particular attention paid to composer Ernesto Nazareth’s Brazilian tangos. In the late nineteenth century, the term maxixe also began to be used to mean a musical genre. Over the course of the twentieth century, the samba historiography came to consider samba as having been heavily influenced by maxixe between 1917 and 1930.
On the Gramophone
Authors: Sandroni Carlos
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the stylistic change of samba between 1917 and 1933 through an analysis of commercial recordings of the era. After a brief methodological introduction to the issue, the first part of the chapter studies samba songs recorded between 1917 and 1921, looking at the work of the composers Sinhô, Donga, and Caninha on recordings by the singers Bahiano and Eduardo das Neves. The second part of the chapter studies samba songs recorded between 1927 and 1933, looking at the work of the composers Sinhô, Heitor dos Prazeres, Bide, Ismael Silva, Nilton Bastos, and Noel Rosa on recordings made by the singers Francisco Alves and Mário Reis. The analysis is based on musical transcriptions of a selection of twenty-eight samba songs, demonstrating the role of the 3-3-2 Paradigm in the old samba style and of the Estácio Paradigm in the new samba style.
The Critique of Being
Authors: Turner Rory
Published: May 2022

Turner identifies participatory and experiential features of the ethnographic method as a means of opening ourselves and our students to alternative cultural logics that help decenter the dominant modes of thinking now threatening to permanently and catastrophically alter planetary conditions. He identifies the forms and performances of expressive culture as spaces for connection, mutual recognition, and the exercise of radical critical empathy, and concludes that our curriculum can be enriched by expanding our pedagogies to include opportunities for students to learn and perform folklore genres and to immerse themselves in the life-worlds of others through study abroad and fieldwork. By privileging experience and relationship-building with others over the textualization and categorization of their nature-cultures, we might capitalize on the opportunity to open ourselves to alternative world-making projects.
Singing for the Whales
Authors: Akibara Chie Sak
Published: May 2022

This chapter demonstrates the ways that performances of expressive culture can strengthen bonds based on shared ways of life and on a powerful human-nonhuman identification, even across geographic and cultural distance. The author recounts how nineteenth century Iñupiat whaling communities adopted Azorean and Cape Verdean sailors who fled the harsh life on Portuguese commercial whaling ships, creating transnational bonds of kinship. In both communities, spiritual connections to the whale became intertwined with local versions of Christianity. As climate change has made ways of life in the Arctic and island communities of the Atlantic increasingly precarious, both communities turn to music-making and festivals to commemorate the past and revitalize their spiritual and cultural relationships to the whale.
An Ecological Approach to Folklife Studies, Expressive Culture, and Environment
Authors: Titon Jeff Todd
Published: May 2022

Titon examines the performance of sacred language in the northeastern edge of Appalachia to argue that the performed word articulates relations among living beings and their environments, and that people imbue sacred language with the power to change these relations and the course of future events. His ecological approach combines historical and ethnographic approaches to trace changes in land use, religious values, and social relationships. Describing the subsistence activities of farmers in the Blue Ridge region of Appalachia, Titon evokes local uses of the concept of husbandry, in both spiritual and environmental realms, as a cultural resource aiding Appalachians in their history of recursive ecological challenge. He shows how this community continues to locate resilience in a vision of the previous way of life in the mountains.
Reenvisioning Mexican(a) Labor History across Borders
Authors: Hernández Sonia
Published: May 2022

This introductory chapter places the case of a transnational labor network anchored in Tampico in a greater geographic and historiographical context. It outlines transnational feminisms as a principal theoretical framework to understand both the uniqueness of anarchist labor organizing in this region as well as similarities with other anarchist movements. It also outlines the major works focused on Tampico’s labor history and its gradual inclusion of women’s historical experiences that have led to a richer, more nuanced Mexican and women’s labor historiography.
The Circulation of Radical Ideologies, Early Transnational Collaboration, and Crafting a Women’s Agenda
Authors: Hernández Sonia
Published: May 2022

This chapter retraces the emergence of anarchism in the Gulf of Mexico region and along the Texas-Mexico borderlands at the turn of the twentieth century. It examines the gradual inclusion of women’s issues in early revolutionary organizations as well as the gradual call for women’s participation in labor activism. The introduction of anarchism, which challenged the idea of geopolitical boundaries and the centrality of the state, combined with the rise of the petroleum industry, which attracted migrants from different parts of the country and the world, ultimately transformed Tampico and its working-class enclave of Villa Cecilia into a site of anarchist radical activism.
Feminismos Transfronterizos in Caritina Piña’s Labor Network
Authors: Hernández Sonia
Published: May 2022

This chapter focuses on Caritina Piña’s role as secretary of correspondence in the Comité Internacional Pro-Presos Sociales, which positioned her at the center of the anarcho-syndicalist movement in the region. It examines the role of the Comité and Piña’s interactions with local activists such as Esteban Méndez Guerra, as well as with labor organizations outside of Mexico. Piña directly helped to produce and reproduce knowledge about labor issues from her native Tamaulipas and across the Texas-Mexico border. She helped to promote the idea of a borderless world practicing a feminismo transfronterizo or transnational feminism to free political prisoners and activists in Mexico and the United States. Notwithstanding ideas about race and ethnicity, nationalism, community, and gender, which influenced Piña’s own labor activism, she represented an emerging female activist voice in the postrevolutionary Mexican borderlands.
A Last Stand for Anarcho-Feminists in the Post-1920 Period
Authors: Hernández Sonia
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the limits of transnational feminism in the wake of the Emilio Portes Gil administration’s use of women’s political engagement as a tool with which to modernize gender inequality. This was at the core of Portes Gil’s state-sanctioned, Partido Socialista Fronterizo (PSF). The PSF and the state cast women as loyal compañeras and promoted state-sanctioned socialism to promote unity and nationalism by further marginalizing and criminalizing anarchism and communism. Radical labor activism, outside of the confines of the state, was deemed unacceptable and thus repressed.
Change and Continuity
Authors: Blevins Brooks
Published: May 2022

Chapter 1 charts the intersection of the modernization of the turn-of-the-twentieth-century Ozarks (through the extension of railroads) and the beginnings of the creation of a regional social construct, primarily in the pages of local color novelists and travel writers. The socially constructed image of the region as a haven of pure-blooded mountain whites living in a world mostly untouched by modernity would achieve maturity in the years between World War I and the Great Depression, an age defined by nativism and Jim Crow segregation.
Putting on a Show
Authors: Blevins Brooks
Published: May 2022

Chapter 6 shifts to a lighter side of regional history, following the growth of the tourism industry after World War II. Especially important to this story among the Ozarkers was the centrality of the hillbilly/mountaineer image, as well as the massive dam-building campaign undertaken by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers between the late 1930s and the 1970s. The establishment of Silver Dollar City in 1960 marked a major regional milestone, and musical entertainment played a key role, illustrated by Springfield’s Ozark Jubilee country music TV show and the rise of Branson as a center of live music shows.
Conclusion
Authors: Blevins Brooks
Published: May 2022

John Moody was not the first young man to look for a fresh start in the Ozarks, but he was definitely a pioneer. Abandoning a native ground that was short on opportunity and long on poverty, he journeyed to northwestern Arkansas, where he found steady work, married a local woman, and settled down. On visits back home he described the place he had found as a land of hope and promise. Like the chain migrations that drew thousands of nineteenth-century Tennesseans, Kentuckians, and Carolinians to the hearths of kinfolk in a new hill country, Moody’s relatives and old neighbors gradually followed him through the “door of opportunity.” In a few years a trickle became a migratory flood....
Sort of a Dream
Authors: Contreras Ayana
Published: May 2022

1968 marked a turning point on the West Side of Chicago. The uprisings that tore the community apart in the wake of Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination left a scar that never fully healed. But in their wake, a number of fruitful entrepreneurial and creative interventions, including an iconic record store called George’s Record Room and a powerful children’s play called The Black Fairy attempted to turn the tide, particularly in the minds of the next generation.
Stax Fax
Authors: Contreras Ayana
Published: May 2022

A chance encounter with a Stax Records fan club magazine unearths the exciting history of Black Christmas in Chicago, a holiday strategically reimagined in the 1960s by the Southern Christian Leadership Coalition’s Operation Breadbasket as an exercise in Black Power to enrich the culture and the economic situation of the Black community. Many years later, the idea of using ritual to uplift the community was employed by a collective of Black artists in order to combat negative imagery.
It’s a Tom Tom, Part 2
Authors: Contreras Ayana
Published: May 2022

“The music” in Black Chicago is treasured not only by fans, but by its creators. The passing down of the knowledge (known as iron sharpening iron) is a time-honored tradition of education that happens in schools, clubs, even in alleys. But as more and more venues in Black Chicago shutter, legendary producers and arrangers Tom Tom Washington and Gene Barge have made it their unwavering mission to keep the knowledge alive, and many younger musicians feel deeply rooted in the legacy of previous generations.
Visions of Soul
Authors: Contreras Ayana
Published: May 2022

Don Cornelius was more than a television host: he was a producer and an entrepreneur who broadcast visions of Soul (with a capital S) to Omaha, Nebraska, Hartford, Connecticut, and all points in between. But Soul Train was born in Chicago, and the signature sponsor of the show, Black-owned Johnson Products, sold more than hair care—it sold a Chicago-bred vision of beauty, empowerment, and pride with the help of the Chicago-based, pioneering Black advertising firm headed by Vince Cullers. Perhaps not coincidentally, during the show’s peak in the 1970s, a number of films were shot in Chicago (like Cooley High), some of which also became visual shorthand for Soul.
Dhol Manifested
Authors: Schreffler Gibb
Published: May 2022

This chapter introduces the material object (the dhol drum), the sound-forms played upon it (dhol as genre), and contexts in which the sounds are given meaning. These all contribute to making dhol a uniquely resonate emblem of both Punjabi culture and dholis. An exposition of common rhythmic structures and their contextualized applications is offered to supply points of reference to understand players’ aesthetic and practical values. The chapter frames a broad distinction between the application of dhol to practical forms of communication and more purely aesthetic performances. One will see in subsequent chapters that dholis’ identities are located in reference to these points of distinction.
A Portrait of a Dholi and His Community
Authors: Schreffler Gibb
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides an exposition of the Bazigar, one of the representative ethnic communities of dholis. The Bazigar (also known as Goaar) were significant in supporting Indian Punjab’s folkloric programming, which in turn situated dhol in the position of representing Punjabi identity. A once-itinerant people historically concentrated in western Punjab, the Bazigar were composed of tribes that supplemented their income through ad hoc entertainment performances. The 1947 Partition compelled most Bazigars to migrate to eastern Punjab, to take up a settled lifestyle, and to adapt their skills to the burgeoning cultural heritage industry. Among the Bazigar dholis whose life trajectory was shaped by these developments was master Garib Dass, through whose biography one sees the status-raising possibilities afforded by dhol playing in mid-20th-century India.
Dhol Players in a New World
Authors: Schreffler Gibb
Published: May 2022

Dhol playing in the diaspora is a relatively recent affair, with roots dating back half a century yet only gaining prevalence in the past two decades. This chapter offers observations of diaspora dhol activities across time. The narrative moves from the immigrant pioneers, to the growth of local lay players, to the recent increase in visits and residencies of dholis from Punjab. The advent of dhol playing in the diaspora opened the door for the instrument to be played by large numbers of people outside the ethnic communities and life-experiences of the traditional dholis. The chapter illustrates how being a dhol player differs in contexts outside Punjab, and notes effects of dhol activities in the diaspora on current dhol traditions.
Return to Punjab, Turning Punjab
Authors: Schreffler Gibb
Published: May 2022

Returning to Punjab, this chapter takes stock of changes to the social environment of dholis during the 2010s. Dholis adapted to a changed, oversaturated market. The institution of master-and-disciple deteriorated in part because individuals maintaining the values of a master had exited the stage. The middle-aged generation’s vitality was sapped by existential despair and poor health. There was a consequent disconnect between the youngest generation and the oldest. Developments in the diaspora had fed back to the homeland with enough critical mass to raise concern for the coherence of local dhol traditions. Popular recognition and adaptive strategies worked at the expense of undermining the preferred dholi identity. In the fragile ecosystem of dhol, injuries to one part of the system threatened the sustainability of all.
Sounds of Silence
Authors: Scott Kimberly A.
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents tensions observed when participants acted out their developing consciousness as social actors. The role of silence and resistance and the interplay of both as constructs that can both inhibit and empower girlhoods of color is explored. How the tension affects expectations, particularly those claiming to be critical pedagogues, is problematized.
I Have Something to Say
Authors: Scott Kimberly A.
Published: May 2022

How participants maintain and accommodate their agency as community members shapes the primary two stories herein. From the COMPUGIRLS urban context to the site on Native American land, called the rez, girls reveal their journeys toward activism, warts and all.
“Vardis Fisher Was Not a Mormon”
Authors: Austin Michael
Published: May 2022

This chapter introduces Vardis Fisher and provides a brief introduction to his writing. It includes sections on his early life and education, his brief university teaching career, his directorship of the Depression-Era Federal Writers’ Project in Idaho, and his long residency in Hangerman, Idaho, where he lived and wrote from 1939 until his death in 1968. The discussion of Fisher’s life and work is framed within the 1978 controversy between his widow, Opal Laurel Holmes, and Mormon historian Leonard Arrington over his connection to Mormonism.
The Not Quite Not Mormon Worldview of the Testament of Man
Authors: Austin Michael
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores the influences of Mormonism on Fisher’s twelve-volume Testament of Man series. Mormonism is mentioned by name only in the final volume, Orphans in Gethsemane, a rewriting of Fisher’s autobiographical tetralogy. However, the plan of the series—to create a third “testament” to supplement the two testaments of the Bible—parallels the purpose of the Book of Mormon, and nearly all of the books have prophet characters modeled, at least partially, on Joseph Smith. Two of the novels feature religious nonbelievers trying to navigate the periphery of a close-knit religious community for the sake of their loved ones—a position Fisher himself was often in. The chapter argues that Fisher’s personal experience with religion, which came almost entirely through Mormonism, had a significant impact on the shape of the Testament of Man.
Journalism and the World It Built
Authors: Bedingfield Sid , Forde Kathy Roberts
Published: May 2022

The introduction explores Journalism & Jim Crow’s central argument: For decades after Reconstruction in the South, white newspaper publishers and editors worked closely with political and business allies in the Democratic Party to build a white supremacist society and, in the process, destroy interracial democracy for generations to come. The Black press, South and North, fought against these efforts. This chapter introduces important social, political, and economic topics and concepts in the story this book tells: convict leasing, peonage, lynching, disfranchisement, the Reconstruction era amendments, federal and state law, industrialism, Populism, railroad building, the Solid South, the New South, and the journalism landscape and political world of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in the United States.
Mississippi Plan
Authors: Greene II Robert
Published: May 2022

This chapter documents the role of newspapers and print culture in what became white Mississippi’s long-range disfranchisement scheme. The first phase of “The Mississippi Plan” emerged in 1875 when Ethelbert Barksdale, editor of that state’s leading Democratic paper, devised a campaign of violence, fraud, and propaganda to undermine the Republican government and end Reconstruction. The second phase began in 1890, when Mississippi became the first state to rewrite its constitution to disfranchise Black voters. In the years between, African American , like George Washington Williams, T. Thomas Fortune, and W. Calvin Chase, fought back the best way they could – by raising their voices in opposition and challenging their erstwhile allies in the federal government to reject these unconstitutional and anti-democratic acts.
Convict Wars, Tennessee
Authors: Sibii Razvan
Published: May 2022

This chapter demonstrates how the ideology and mechanisms of convict labor and New South industrialism were built across state lines, with newspapers as a critical tool. Arthur S. Colyar was to Tennessee who Henry Grady was to Georgia: a leading proponent of New South ideology, political power broker, and newspaper editor. But unlike Grady, Colyar was himself an industrialist, with vast holdings in coal mines—he was a founder of the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company—and a proponent and holder of the state convict lease. He used newspaper campaigns to protect the convict lease and his business interests and to fight against free labor. In Tennessee, free labor repeatedly fought against the convict lease system, producing dramatic episodes of labor insurrection.
Tourist Empires, Florida
Authors: Forde Kathy Roberts , Bowman Bryan
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines how captains of industry built the modern state of Florida and controlled newspapers to protect their business interests and shape public opinion. Standard Oil tycoon Henry M. Flagler and railroad magnate Henry B. Plant held controlling interests in the most powerful white newspapers in the state, including the Jacksonville Times-Union, to control information flow and public opinion about their use of convict leasing and immigrant peonage to build their respective railroad and hotel empires. Using his control of the press and related business and political interests, Flagler was able to successfully quash a robust Justice Department investigation of his slave labor camps in the Florida Keys.
The Arrival of James Cleveland
Authors: Marovich Robert M.
Published: May 2022

This chapter traces the early career of the Reverend James Cleveland. Born in Chicago in 1931, Cleveland strived aggressively to rise in the gospel music industry. The chapter chronicles his collaborations with the Caravans, the Meditation Singers, and the Voices of Tabernacle. Although Cleveland received national acclaim during his mid-1950s tenure with the Caravans, his work with Detroit’s Voices of Tabernacle church choir, especially its commercially and critically successful 1959 debut album The Love of God, secured his place among the genre’s top commercial talents. Signing with Savoy Records as a solo artist in 1960, Cleveland sought to replicate the musical magic he made with the Voices of Tabernacle by partnering with Roberts and the Angelic Choir.
In Search of the Authentic: The Live In-Service Recording
Authors: Marovich Robert M.
Published: May 2022

Recording gospel music before a live audience or congregation is ubiquitous today, but it was not always so. This chapter chronicles the history and development of the live in-service gospel recording, beginning in the mid-1920s with simulations of live congregations on studio-recorded sermonettes. The chapter goes on to survey the pioneering authentic live recordings of Sister Rosetta Tharpe, the Spirit of Memphis, Daddy Grace’s church in Harlem, the 1955 Shrine Auditorium concert (which included James Cleveland and the Caravans), and Columbia Records’ recording of the Abyssinian Baptist Church Gospel Choir in Newark. These disks set the stage for the nearly decade-long series of This Sunday--in Person albums by Cleveland and the Angelic Choir, of which Peace Be Still was Volume 3.
This Sunday—In Person
Authors: Marovich Robert M.
Published: May 2022

This chapter describes the production of the first two volumes of the This Sunday--in Person albums by James Cleveland and the Angelic Choir at First Baptist Church. It explores the sonic and lyrical content of each album and the record trade’s response to each upon their release. Some of the musical architecture established on these albums would inform arrangements used for Peace Be Still. A description of the final live recording produced in the original First Baptist Church, by the Roberta Martin Singers, precedes the razing of the church building and plans to erect a modern sanctuary on the site. Most of the funding for the new building would depend on sales of Angelic Choir recordings.
The Spirit of Soul Food
Authors: Carter Christopher
Published: May 2022

This book suggests that the genesis of Black American foodways, and soul food in particular, was the survival and preservation of the Black community. However, if soul food is to remain a response to social and food injustice in the Black community, given the myriad of ways industrial agriculture harms Black people—economically, environmentally, ideologically—what should soul food look like today? In seeking to answer this question, this book explores the relationship between and among food, Christian, and cultural identity among African Americans by examining the U.S. food system and the impact that current policies and practices have on Black, Indigenous, and other people of color. Using liberation theology and decolonial methods, the book argues for and constructs an anti-oppressive theological anthropology that serves as the foundation for liberatory Black foodways. The book concludes by offering three theologically grounded food practices as a way to begin addressing food injustice and to move toward food sovereignty in Black and other marginalized communities: soulfull eating (of which an agent and context specific black veganism is seen as ideal), seeking justice for food workers, and caring for the earth.
Introduction
Authors: Carter Christopher
Published: May 2022

This chapter provides and overview of the entire book and introduces key ideas and assumptions that inform the entire text. It suggests that the shadow of racism, particularly anti-Black and anti-Indigenous, is long-reaching and is evidenced in the development and unsustainability of the US domestic food system. As such, it argues that food justice is significant for Black people due to the negative impact our food system has on Black people and Black communities. Given that soul food emerged as a cuisine of resistance to white supremacy, it is suggested that a decolonized version of soul food could be used to promote food justice among Black people today. Black veganism, a type of agent and context specific veganism, is posited as an ideal way to decolonize soul food by eating in ways that preserve and promote Black and our biotic communities. Given the legacy contemporary importance of Christian faith and practice among Black people, and the religious and affective dimensions of food, the chapter describes why the inclusion of religion is crucial to address food injustice in Black communities.
Transatlantic Soul
Authors: Carter Christopher
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this chapter then is to unearth some of the dietary and agricultural practices among enslaved Africans to lay the epistemological foundation for the development of new liberatory and anti-oppressive foodways. To do so, the chapter explores the history and development of African American eating by surveying how dietary practices evolved from West Africa to slave plantations to our contemporary kitchens. It pays special attention to the gendered ideologies that evolved around Black foodways, particularly the racialized and racist ideologies that sustain current notions of what constitutes soul food. The chapter seeks to answer questions such as: how might a reevaluation of what we think we know about gender, African agriculture, and Black foodways help us envision something new? What role can compassion play in helping attend to the trauma that lingers within so many Black people with respect to farming and Black foodways?
Making Sense
Authors: Hahn Tomie
Published: May 2022

“Making Sense” presents the primary aims of the book, including how sensory information situates the body, self, and embodied knowledge. The basic theoretical stance regarding the body, senses, and experience is discussed alongside the pedagogical approaches incorporated into the various exercises. Details on how to use the book, specifically the recipe format, are provided. Underlying themes raised by the exercises are discussed, including processing sensory experience; writing and drawing (sensibilities, freewriting, freedrawing); use of anticipation, curiosity, mystery, and surprise; sensory juxtapositions; collaboration; improvisation; and communication and creativity.
Tantalizing Recipes
Authors: Hahn Tomie
Published: May 2022

“Tantalizing Recipes” contains thirty-four exercises, or “recipes.” The exercises are written in a consistent cooking recipe format for easy-to-deliver workshops using sensory prompts. The recipes range from engagements of sound, movement, touch, and smell to shifting perspective, memory, time, absence, pareidolia, and so on. As noted, some exercises require preparation, while others little or none. The recipes that can be delivered easily online are noted with an asterisk in the table of contents “Menu.”
Introduction
Authors: Maskell Shayna L.
Published: May 2022

This first chapter introduces the reader to DC hardcore—the sound, the music, and the bands that are emblematic of this music, including Bad Brains, Minor Threat, Government Issue, State of Alert, and Faith. A short background of each of these bands is discussed, along with their key albums and sonic qualities. The chapter ends with an outline of the remainder of the book.
DC Rising
Authors: Maskell Shayna L.
Published: May 2022

Chapter 1 contextualizes the city of Washington, DC, musically, culturally, and politically. First, the chapter examines the musical history of Washington, DC, as a city, looking at both its broader cultural narrative and the specific kinds of music and types of bands that preceded the creation of hardcore punk. Then the chapter investigates the city of DC in the late 1970s and early 1980s, charting the shifting political landscape and mapping the changing, and often dramatic, racial and socioeconomic demographic differences in certain neighborhoods of the District.
The Sounds of Stratification
Authors: Maskell Shayna L.
Published: May 2022

Chapter 3 dissects the performances, and contradictions within those performances, of class by Teen Idles and Minor Threat, as well as other DC hardcore bands. The chapter primarily focuses on how these bands’ music is used as a performance of working-class ideology, specifically through the sonic romanticism of their instrument choice, compositional minimalism, lyrics and aesthetic of simplicity, unruliness and brashness. The chapter aims to complicate these bands’ performance of class by studying the paradoxes of this downward class passing, particularly in the bands’ technical deftness and their exaltation of the personal in their lyrics.
Masculinity as Music
Authors: Maskell Shayna L.
Published: May 2022

Chapter 4 surveys three other DC hardcore bands— State of Alert, Government Issue, and Faith, focuses on how their music constructs—and at times, complicates—conventional representations of (white, privileged) masculinity. The chapter looks at the texture, timbre, volume, and lyrical content of S.O.A., GI, and Faith’s combined five albums through the lenses of hegemonic masculinity: anger and aggression, emphatic sexuality, and the privilege of power and control.
Do-It-Yourself Cultural Production
Authors: Maskell Shayna L.
Published: May 2022

In chapter 5, the hardcore ethos of Do-It-Yourself (DIY) is explored. This philosophy frames a discussion of hardcore performances and venues and delves into the ways in which DYI flyers—the marketing of hardcore shows—worked to fight against commodification and helped construct a sense of place and ownership for and of the scene. Local DC hardcore ’zines are also analyzed as a form of collective identity, with meaning(s) of the scene being negotiated through articles, reviews, and letters. Finally, Dischord Records, the independent label created by Ian MacKaye and Jeff Nelson is discussed, both as an attempt to decommodify music and as a form of power and agency.
The Transformation of Hardcore
Authors: Maskell Shayna L.
Published: May 2022

The transformation of the social, cultural, and musical landscape of DC hardcore is considered in the concluding chapter, investigating how and why the sound of hardcore changed after 1983. Covering four key DC post-hardcore bands—Rites of Spring, Marginal Man, Beefeater, and Embrace—the chapter tracks the modifications and adjustments in sound through the frameworks of tempo, melodies, complexity, and genre-crossing, emotional vocals and lyrics, and the overt inclusion of politics in songs. The chapter continues with a discussion of the ways in which the sonic changes in post-hardcore in DC were happening across the country, spurring new crossover genres and expanding and questioning the limitations of hardcore.
Monumentality and Social Complexity in the Upano Valley, Upper Amazon of Ecuador
Authors: Pazmiño Estanislao M.
Published: May 2022

In recent years there has been a growing archaeological interest in the emergence of social complexity in the Upper Amazon, resulting in a number of new investigations within the region. These investigations have not only documented the existence of complex cultural developments within the upper Amazon but have provided alternative approaches for understanding of the emergence of social complexity. This work examines recent research within the Upano Valley in the Upper Amazon of Ecuador, which present a model of complex social organization and the emergence of ancient urbanism based on systematic landscaping strategies. Between 400 BC and AD 400, the Upano culture would construct highly organized, and densely occupied settlements and earthworks that would result in the dramatic modification of the Upano River Valley landscape. This chapter discuss the tangible effects of the landscape modification in the Upper Amazonian cultural developments of pre-Columbian Ecuador.
Over the Andes and through Their Goods
Authors: Hechler Ryan Scott
Published: May 2022

While highland Peru’s Late Intermediate Period (AD ~1000–1476) is characterized by community isolation, regional violence, and shrinking exchange networks, the contemporary northern Ecuadorian Late Integration Period (~AD 950–1500) was a time of large-scale interregional activity that saw the flourishing of market economies. The northern Ecuadorian Andes demonstrated highly diverse cultural practices amongst an intimately connected Barbacoan world that stretched from the highlands of northern Ecuador and southwestern Colombia to the Amazon and the Pacific coast. Late Integration Period groups such as the Quijos, Caras, Yumbos, and Pastos were intimately connected via political affiliation, economic exchange, and linguistic similarity – relations that were built and sustained in highly varied environments. This region proved the most difficult to subdue during the late Inca conquest of the region. The Incas’ imperial attempts to segregate the subjugated highland Caras from surrounding groups via constructing the highest concentration of fortifications in the pre-Columbian Andes proved insufficient to quell ties with unconquered ceja de selva communities, particularly the Quijos who maintained complex interregional relations during Inca and early Spanish colonialism.
Goodwyn and the Democratic Coalition of Texas
Authors: Krochmal Max
Published: May 2022

Historian Max Krochmal chronicles the history of the Democratic Coalition of Texas, bringing together Black, Latino, and white Democrats in the state in the 1960s. Larry Goodwyn played an interesting role as a political operative in this story, and it deeply informed his later work as an historian of the Populist and Solidarity movements.
Goodwyn Taught Me How to Live in 2019 Two Decades Ago
Authors: Lioz Adam
Published: May 2022

Adam Lioz reflects on experiences in Goodwyn’s classes at Duke and how they shaped his current work as a public interest lawyer. The deep changes the country needs to make often come from seeds planted in young people that can take decades to sprout. Young people need encouragement, and need to be challenged to face the fundamental truths of the country.
“Can I Buy You a Beer?”
Authors: Neather Andrew
Published: May 2022

British journalist Andrew Neather recalls his experience as a student with Goodwyn, whose problem-solving approach made him more interested in the mechanics of insurgent movement-building than in theory or in simply recovering the past. Neather discusses the significant challenges in working with Goodwyn but concludes that the latter’s relentless optimism in the country’s democratic promise formed a foundation that captivates him still.
Ask Unsanctioned Questions
Authors: Hogan Wesley C.
Published: May 2022

An alumni of the Oral History Program, Wesley Hogan, reflects on ways Goodwyn taught her to interview social movement participants. What makes for a good interview? How do you develop strong rapport? All of these skills are best developed in conversation over a longer period of time than the usual semester format can cover.
Epilogue
Authors: Hogan Wesley C. , Ortiz Paul
Published: May 2022

Hogan and Ortiz sum up the reality that social and political fabric has broken for all but the wealthiest in the United States over the last three decades and to remind readers that we wrote the book to provide readers with tools, historical case studies, and examples from struggles past and present that provide pathways to building the kind of solidarity needed to mobilize people power and take our country back.
Education as Heritage Practice in Belize’s Colonial and Independence Periods
Authors: Ebbitt McGill Alicia
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the Colonial and Independence Periods of education in Belize through colonial minute papers, education reports and policies, and community petitions. Colonial education served as a form of statecraft used to enforce British rule, manage cultural difference among subject-citizens, and promote development and modernization agendas. Imperial policies and Belizean education reports were replete with racial ideologies, references to perceived cultural deficits, and denigrations and exclusions of Kriol history and culture. However, Kriol citizens in rural communities also resisted education by choosing not to attend school, manipulating development rhetoric in requests for resources, and maintaining linguistic and other cultural practices. Independence Period education was shaped by efforts to “Belizeanize” education, and social and economic development rhetoric. Imperialist and internationalist actors thought education could smooth the transition to independence while nationalist actors called for social and economic autonomy and education focused on citizenship, national identity, and culturally relevant programing.
The Politics of Names in Ulysses
Authors: Mecsnóber Tekla
Published: May 2022

Focusing on one of the most salient aspects of linguistic politics, the politics of naming, Mecsnóber establishes a parallel between the fictional migrations and name changes connected to the family of Leopold Bloom, the Dublin-born protagonist of James Joyce’s 1922 novel Ulysses, and real historical processes in the Europe that the writer knew. Starting with readings of accounts of the names and migrations of Bloom’s ancestors in “Circe” and “Ithaca,” the Mecsnóber explores the context of Jewish assimilation and European nationalisms, and finally zooms in on the period surrounding World War I. Involving extensive border changes and inducing large-scale migrations of ethnic minorities, both the war and the peace treaties triggered a wave of name changes: territories and cities were officially renamed and citizens were encouraged to express their national allegiance through changing foreign-sounding personal names into “national” ones. Writing most of Ulysses during the war and inserting most of the references to specific name changes into the text in the year following the Paris Peace Conference, 1921, Joyce’s composition history suggests a response to a very topical issue: the revision of borders and names with a view to obliterate and rewrite complex histories of migrations.
Ulysses and the Transformation of Typography
Authors: Mecsnóber Tekla
Published: May 2022

Mecsnóber begins chapter 4 by tracing Joyce’s textual attention to visual aspects of printing in Ulysses and places it into the context of the writer’s increased involvement with the production of the first, 1922 edition of the novel. Sharing an interest in textual materiality with much recent critical work, Mecsnóber focuses on one salient visual aspect of Genette’s paratexts and McGann’s bibliographic codes: typeface choice. Mecsnóber identifies a range of typographic functions and highlights Joyce’s insistence on asserting his authorial intentions through interpretive design. Reviewing the design of all significant periodical and book publications of the novel during Joyce’s life as well as some related publicity materials, Mecsnóber also seeks to recover the cultural significance of other visual clues as well, employed to attribute selected qualities to Joyce’s text or to the “little” magazines in which they appeared. Read in the broader context of the typographic transformations of the late-nineteenth and early twentieth-century print culture, the design of Ulysses editions shows the enabling impact of the historicist fine printing movement arising out of William Morris’s Arts and Crafts Movement, progressive design movements like New Typography, and the surge in the production and international exchange of typographic resources.
Finnegans Wake and the Cultural Economy of Typography
Authors: Mecsnóber Tekla
Published: May 2022

In chapter 5, Mecsnóber investigates the typographical “face” which fragments of James Joyce’s “Work in Progress,” the later Finnegans Wake, presented to the public as they were published in periodicals (including modernist little magazines), deluxe limited editions, and cheaper trade editions between 1924 and 1939. Stressing Joyce’s efforts to assert his authorial intentions also through engagement with design issues, Mecsnóber investigates the textual materiality of Joyce’s texts through relying on contemporary assessments of the typefaces involved. It highlights Joyce’s interpretive interventions, traces the increasing use of historicist typefaces and fine printing conventions, exposes the emphatic distinction of the later fine press editions, and uncovers the impact that the publication of Ulysses had on the graphic presentation of Joyce’s last major work through mobilizing the symbolic capital associated with the previous text.
It Takes Two
Authors: Caudill Tamara Bentley
Published: May 2022

This chapter uses “imagined performances” to reconsider the voice of the female lyric persona in the male-female tenso, or Old Occitan debate poem. Because the anonymous trobairitz is often assumed to be the invention of a male troubadour, her words are frequently interpreted as nothing more than the expression of male desire, effectively silencing the possibility of female subjectivity when voice is read as a mere metaphor for speech. However, this chapter, influenced by the work of Adriana Cavarero, counteracts the devocalization of the female subject by means of the unique, audible human voice. Imagining the female lyric persona of the tenso as a singing woman, rather than reading her as a silent text, endows her with a sense of agency and selfhood, otherwise neglected, as in the canso. In performance, the tenso does not suppress female desire, as commonly argued. Rather it permits its fulfillment, satisfying the longing of both male and female lyric personae, consistent with their expression in the single-voiced canso.
Chansons polies?
Authors: Colton Lisa
Published: May 2022

The ars antiqua motet flourished in northern France in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries and was distinguished generically by its polyphony (in up to four voices) and by polytextuality. Placing voices in dialogue, superimposing them, and playing with sound and silence in the ars antiqua motet allowed musicians to explore questions of gender and power in performance. The three case studies presented here concern pieces found in the La Clayette manuscript: Mout m’a fait / Hé, Diex! / Gentes (Cl 50); Pour escouter le chant du roussignol / L’autrier jouer m’en aler / Seculorum Amen (Cl 55); and Hé, Dieu! De si haut si bas! / Mau batu longuement pleure / Cumque evigilasset Iacob (Cl 35), whose expressive potential was enhanced through a combination of contrasting gendered and emotional subjectivities.
Voiceover
Authors: Delogu Daisy
Published: May 2022

This chapter explores Anne de Graville’s Beau Romant, an early sixteenth-century adaptation of Giovanni Boccaccio’s Teseida, dedicated to Queen Claude of France. Also the author of a rewriting into rondeaux of Alain Chartier’s famous Belle dame sans mercy, de Graville both reprises and exceeds the works of two prestigious medieval authors in order to define a literary, ethical, and political sphere that elevates women. In de Graville’s Beau Romant, the character Emilia recuperates Chartier’s Fair Lady. Though the latter was denounced for refusing her would-be lover’s suit, Emilia’s exemplary reason, courtesy, and wise speech allow her to accommodate the conflicting desires of male characters and to preserve her reputation for female virtue. De Graville thus intervenes strategically in the Querelle des femmes, while also establishing her relevance in universal terms by joining the long philosophical and ethical tradition focused on how to withstand the vicissitudes of Fortune. Thus “voiceover” in this chapter describes the actions of both de Graville and Emilia, as the author re-voices a canonical male-authored work for an explicitly female readership, and re-focuses the value of its female protagonist by giving voice to her virtue and exemplarity.