bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modern determinants of legal awareness
Authors: Zahorodnyuk D. A.
Published: August 2024

The article substantiates the presence of correlation dependence of such processes as the growth of digital literacy and legal awareness, and also reveals other factors of legal capacity in the era of digital transformation. It has been proven that understanding this essential interdependence provides answers to a number of questions regarding the priority ways of developing the legal system of Ukraine.
Increasing digital and legal awareness is depicted as a logical step towards active participation in the management of public affairs. Online deliberation is depicted as a means of positive influence on the perception of the relevant tools of democracy. In this context, political crowdsourcing is defined as a way of finding effective solutions and a positive impact on civic cohesion.
It has been demonstrated that the era of digital technologies provides wider opportunities for the realization of human and citizen rights and freedoms, but at the same time creates new challenges and threats to ensure these rights and freedoms. Legislation regulating relations in the field of digitization is also becoming less transparent.
It is noted that virtual space opens up new opportunities for manipulating public opinion, and deliberate functioning in the conditions of new threats of instrumentalization of virtual communication depends on the appropriate configuration of communication platforms. With this in mind, priority issues of scientific discourse and regulatory improvement are highlighted, namely: political crowdsourcing and participatory democracy, online deliberation and principles of cooperation with stakeholders, dissemination and support of fact-checking initiatives to verify the reliability of information, legal status of bloggers, fixers and other media participants as opinion leaders.
It is concluded that a certain level of legal literacy, together with digital competence, is a prerequisite for effective participation in modern democratic practices, but this participation can also increase the level of legal awareness of citizens, in particular due to the fact that the Internet plays an important role in shaping the agenda and developing the critical potential of the public.
Peculiarities of the legal status of creditors and their representative bodies in cases of bankruptcy of limited liability companies
Authors: Polishchuk R. M.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the legal status of creditors and their representative bodies in bankruptcy cases of limited liability companies. It is noted that one of the main tasks of the Code of Ukraine on bankruptcy procedures is to satisfy the demands of creditors. On the basis of judicial practice, it is determined that the mandatory task of bankruptcy proceedings is the fair satisfaction of the entire set of creditors’ claims in the order of priority established by law. Therefore, proceedings in bankruptcy cases are objectively formed on the basis of creditor competition. Therefore, the purpose of bankruptcy proceedings is to balance the realization of the rights and legitimate interests of the participants in the case. An urgent task is to develop and apply an effective mechanism for the interaction of creditors with other participants in bankruptcy proceedings, to establish at the legislative level and in the practical aspect the proper regulation of the legal status of creditors in order to provide them with effective means of protection against the dishonest behavior of other participants in bankruptcy procedures and to fairly satisfy them requirements It is proposed, in particular, to amend a number of provisions of the Code of Ukraine on Bankruptcy Procedures, in particular, to the second part of Article 90 of the Code of Ukraine on Bankruptcy Procedures and to put it in the wording determined by the author, to return the provisions of the second part of Article 11 of the Law of Ukraine «On Restoring the Debtor’s Solvency or Recognition of bankrupt», etc. Peculiarities of the legal status of secured, current, bankruptcy creditors in bankruptcy cases of limited liability companies are analyzed. Attention is drawn to the fact that with the adoption of the Code of Ukraine on bankruptcy procedures compared to the previous Law of Ukraine «On restoring the debtor’s solvency or declaring him bankrupt», the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of secured creditors has improved by improving the legal regulation of bankruptcy procedures. It was concluded that the creditors interact with each other by convening and holding creditors’ meetings and making a decision to create a representative body - the creditors’ committee, determine its quantitative composition and elect its members. At the same time, creditors of companies must take into account and take into account the rights and legitimate interests of each other, observing the principles of inadmissibility of abuse of procedural rights, competition and legality.
Problems of legal regulation of requisitioned property of business entities
Authors: Radchenko O. Y. , Feshchuk K. O.
Published: August 2024

Problems of legal regulation of requisitioned property of business entities.
The article focuses on the problematic aspects of the practical side of property requisition from business entities.
The authors define the legal grounds for the procedure of alienation of selected objects.
According to the current legislation, the author outlines the rights of the owner and possible alternatives for obtaining compensation in monetary equivalent, property in exchange for similar functional purposes or return of the alienated property.
The list of entities of state authorities and local self-government bodies which are authorized to make decisions on the alienation of property for defense needs is specified.
The authors analyse the moment when requisitioned property becomes the property of the State and consider the expediency of real estate appraisal of alienated property in terms of mandatory, timely and objective assessment in proportion to the real market value.
Based on the research conducted, in particular, the analysis of court practice, authors provide the grounds for owners of requisitioned property to apply to courts to protect their violated rights and legal interests. Among them: making a decision on requisitioning by an entity that did not have legal grounds for it, in particular, this applies to local military administrations. It is noted that at the stage of applying to court, the problem of determining the jurisdiction of the dispute arises, since there is both an element of a public law dispute (appeal against actions or inaction of public authorities) and a private law aspect (the dispute concerns property owned by a business entity).
Authors focus on the fact that in the context of the introduction of the legal status of martial law, it is imperatively determined that only the military command is authorized to make decisions on the requisition of certain property. Specific features of making relevant decisions (orders, instructions), which certainly depends on the territory where such property is located are considered.
The research analyzes the legal positions of the Supreme Court regarding the jurisdiction of these disputes and proposes to define the relevant rules at the legislative level, inter alia, by the legal status of the owner of the requisitioned property.
Reasons and consequences of cancellation of the Commercial code in Ukraine
Authors: Segal E. A.
Published: August 2024

The article analyses the reasons and potential consequences of the abolition of the Commercial Code of Ukraine. It is noted that the Ukrainian legal system, like any other, must adapt to changes in society. Among the key factors influencing the need for changes are European integration processes and the consequences of the Russian-Ukrainian war. It also highlights internal problems and contradictions between different legislative acts that need to be resolved. The Commercial Code of Ukraine was adopted in 2003 to regulate economic relations between business entities and public authorities. It consisted of nine chapters covering various aspects of economic activity. Over time, shortcomings of the Code were identified, such as fragmentation of legal provisions and conflicts of consistency with other legislative acts. This necessitated its revision and improvement. It is emphasised that there are several approaches to solving the problem. Some experts believe that the contradictions between the Commercial and Civil Codes can only be resolved by cancelling the Commercial Code. Others are convinced that the Code can be modernised by removing contradictory provisions and harmonising it with other legislation. The abolition of the Commercial Code may lead to significant changes in the legal framework, create a period of legal uncertainty and cause problems for legal entities engaged in economic activity. However, it may also help to simplify the legal regulation of economic relations, making it more transparent and understandable for business entities in other societies. This can create the basis for the development of the business sector and attract investment to our country. It is important to carefully prepare for the abolition of the Commercial Code, ensure a smooth transition to the new legal framework and minimise possible risks to Ukraine’s economy and legal system.
The role and functions of the audit committee of the board of directors
Authors: Sert O. V.
Published: August 2024

In the article there is an analysis of the national legal norms regarding the activities of audit committees, based on which the author concludes about their role in corporate governance in Ukraine. The determination of the economic competence of the audit committee of the board of directors is the article objective, which is achieved through the study and analysis of legislative acts and relevant scientific researches. The author states that the board of directors, in the course of exercising its economic competence, may, and in certain cases must, establish committees, including an audit committee, from among its members and other individuals, for the preliminary study and preparation of issues for discussion at meetings. The author concludes that the majority of members of the audit committee of a socially significant enterprise should not be affiliated with that enterprise (hold positions within it), and the chair of the committee should be appointed from among independent members. Taking into account the current national legal norms, the author concludes that the establishment of an audit committee by the board of directors may be mandatory, conditionally mandatory, voluntary, or conditionally voluntary. The grounds for such classification of prerequisites for the establishment of an audit committee by the board of directors are elaborated by the author in the article. To achieve the article objective, the author analyses the difference between external and internal audits. Based on the fact that several national corporations are required to conduct internal audits and establish an internal audit function (appoint an internal auditor), the article explores the boundaries of competence between the internal audit function (internal auditor) and the audit committee of the board of directors, and concludes that their competencies are not identical. Since the failure to establish an audit committee or not assigning relevant functions to an entity (subdivision) may lead to administrative liability for responsible individuals, the author examines the grounds for such liability. However, the conclusion is that the practical implementation of the relevant national norm regarding liability is currently absent due to the lack of amendments to the Code of Ukraine about Administrative Offenses.
Features of court decisions made based on the results of the consideration of separate proceedings
Authors: Fedorenko Yu. S.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the features of court decisions made based on the results of the consideration of separate proceedings. It is emphasized that bankruptcy should be understood not only as a mechanism for the liquidation of a legal entity or relief from the debts of individuals, but also as a mechanism for restoring solvency. In the process of bankruptcy, it is sometimes necessary to consider property disputes in which the debtor is a party. Thus, there is a special type of proceeding in the bankruptcy procedure – a separate proceeding aimed at restoring the solvency of individuals or legal entities and meeting the demands of creditors. The fulfilment of the purpose of economic litigation depends on what decision will be made in these proceedings – the effective protection of violated, unrecognized or contested rights and legitimate interests of individuals and legal entities, the state.
The principles on the basis of which the decision is made are analysed, namely the principles of the rule of law, legality and reasonableness. The interrelationship between the decisions adopted in the procedure of consideration of the bankruptcy case and the separate proceedings was studied. Court decisions adopted in separate proceedings are based on the principles developed by established European judicial practice. Their peculiarity is that they, like decisions in bankruptcy cases, are aimed at protecting the rights of the debtor and correspond to the task of economic justice defined in the legislation of Ukraine.
The signs of implementation of the principles in the adoption of a court decision are singled out: compliance of the laws, on the basis of which the stated demands are subject to consideration and decision, to the Constitution of Ukraine; correct assessment of the evidence collected in the manner established by law in the case; establishment of the factual circumstances of the case, based on the ratio of the activity of the court and the competitiveness of the parties established by the procedural law; exact establishment of the norms of material and procedural law that are subject to application; application of substantive law norms aimed at restoring violated subjective rights and interests protected by law, taking into account the actual circumstances of the case.
It is noted that decision-making in the economic court is aimed at resolving disputes, ensuring justice, protecting rights, creating legal precedents and maintaining order in the economic sphere. Court decisions act as the basis of the legal system, contributing to the efficient and fair administration of justice.
Opening of bankruptcy proceedings at the initiative of the creditor
Authors: Iarmolenko O. S.
Published: August 2024

In cases where a debtor in an obligation becomes unable to pay “on account” any more, the only way left to the creditor or creditors of such debtor to protect their financial interests is to open bankruptcy proceedings against such debtor. However, in practice, not everything is so simple, which makes it necessary to study this issue. The purpose of the article is to reveal relevant issues that arise during the opening of bankruptcy proceedings at the initiative of the creditor, to study the problems that arise in this area and to formulate proposals for improving Ukrainian bankruptcy legislation.
The creditor’s appeal to the court with an application to open bankruptcy proceedings against his debtor is one of the manifestations of the right of the initiating creditor to judicial protection. It is emphasized that the possibility of the creditor to apply to the debt repayment mechanisms of his insolvent debtor through bankruptcy procedures is provided only for those creditors who have monetary claims against legal entities. If the debtor of the creditor is a natural person, then such a creditor is limited in the ability to protect his rights through bankruptcy procedures, and can use all the tools offered by the legislation in this area, only in the event that the debtor himself – a natural person shows a desire to initiate proceedings in an insolvency case against himself. It is proposed to provide in the legislation of Ukraine the right of a creditor to initiate bankruptcy proceedings against a debtor who is an individual entrepreneur.
The conditions for opening bankruptcy proceedings at the creditor’s request have been studied. The presence of a legal dispute as a reason for refusing to open bankruptcy proceedings was analyzed, and judicial practice in this area was studied.
The provisions of the bankruptcy legislation regarding the ability of the initiating creditor to submit a proposal for the nomination of an arbitration manager to perform the powers of a property manager or a restructuring manager before the day of the start of operation of the Unified Judicial Information and Telecommunication System in the application for opening proceedings in the bankruptcy case have been analyzed.
Access to justice as an element of the rule of law in the modern democratic state
Authors: Kelbya S.
Published: August 2024

The article examines access to justice as an element of the rule of law in a modern democratic state. The issue of securing access to justice in the legislative practice of countries is detailed. Practice is analyzed, where access to justice is considered as an opportunity for any interested person to go to court without hindrance and participate in the legal process at all its stages. At the same time, it is emphasized that such access implies access to national and international justice systems. This significantly contributes to a person’s ability to defend himself against encroachments on his rights, compensation for damage caused by offenses and self-defense in criminal proceedings. It is proven that access to justice is increasingly included in the international and national practice of states and begins to occupy an important place in the organization and functioning of the judiciary. It is noted that today the concept of access to justice does not have a unified approach to its understanding in the circles of the scientific community. The development of this issue continues for a considerable period of time. Long-standing discussions give reasons to testify that access to justice is an extremely broad concept that can be distinguished as a separate concept, principle or right. It is emphasized that in this context it is extremely important to emphasize the mechanisms of human rights protection, that is, its application to those categories of the population that do not have the opportunity and resources to go to court. In view of this, it is extremely important to apply the principle of equality before the court in practice. This will make it possible to ensure equal access to the trial for all participants in the process. The international experience of access to justice and its generalization in legal practice is analyzed. It is noted that international law has singled out an important component of access to justice, which is the right to access international mechanisms for ensuring the protection of human rights. It is emphasized that the justice system can use the norms of international law, including anti-discrimination norms. The key in this process is ensuring access to justice, which is an important basis for the conclusion of international treaties and the effective functioning of international human rights organizations.
Some aspects of tactical medicine in service and combat activities of police officers under the conditions of the legal regime of martial state: problem issues in critical situations and combat conditions
Authors: Dusiak O. , Tinin D.
Published: August 2024

The article highlights the problematic issues of tactical training of law enforcement officers in today’s conditions, considers the actual problems and challenges that law enforcement officers may face during the performance of official duties and the provision of first aid in combat conditions and emergency situations.
The issue of the interaction of the National Police of Ukraine with other rescue services at the scene for the effective provision of first aid was considered. It is noted that the interaction of the police and other rescue services at the scene of the event in the conditions of martial law requires a special approach and careful planning. It is necessary to ensure a clear coordination of actions, an appropriate level of protection for the personnel of the rescue services, and to take into account the peculiarities of work in the conditions of hostilities. Effective interaction between different services will minimize the consequences of emergency situations and ensure the safety of the population in the conditions of martial law.
The article highlights the algorithm of actions for providing assistance to injured persons by police officers under fire, considers the key issues of training law enforcement officers to provide effective first aid in conditions of martial law or extreme situations in general. The authors of the article emphasize the importance of unified training programs for police officers in tactical medicine, which should include both theoretical knowledge and practical skills.
Special attention is paid to ensuring a high level of readiness of police officers for quick and effective response to emergency situations and saving lives in the conditions of an aggravated conflict. Service situations in which police officers may find themselves are often accompanied by conflicts and their escalation, up to “fire contact” with the offender. Therefore, for the training of police officers, the section of tactical medicine is the most relevant, which teaches the basic skills of providing self- and mutual aid in combat conditions, which are primarily aimed at eliminating the preventive causes of death, taking into account the threat from combat operations or an active shooter. Unfortunately, there are infamous cases of the death of police officers while performing law enforcement tasks, which indicates the need for mandatory integration of first aid standards into their training and operations in various tactical situations. In addition, it is important to note that training police officers in tactical medicine will not only help them provide effective care to victims, but will also increase their level of safety while performing their duties. Therefore, unified training programs for police officers in tactical medicine should be an integral part of the training of law enforcement officers.
Problematic issues of international legal regulation of the use, reproduction and protection of specially protected flora
Authors: Arzamastseva O. A.
Published: August 2024

The article is devoted to the study of some aspects of international legal regulation of the use, reproduction and protection of specially protected flora. Unfortunately, the expansion of the scope of international environmental law does not adequately reflect the state of the environment. The problems of climate change, the destruction of the Earth’s ozone layer, deforestation, desertification, conservation of migratory species of animals, fish and birds, transboundary water and air pollution, natural disasters, preservation of biodiversity and the natural heritage of mankind, which directly affect flora, have now become global. Everyone in the world is interested in a high-quality environment, careful use of natural resources and fair distribution of income from natural resources. However, the current international environmental law is not a sufficiently perfect tool to address the problem of regulating the use, reproduction and protection of specially protected plant species. In particular, it is not properly systematised and codified.
The author analyses that the problem identified in the article is not solved by the existing international legal acts of a general nature - the Stockholm Declaration on the Environment, the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992), and the World Charter for Nature (1982). These documents are not legally binding and are not systemically important for international environmental law. Other international environmental legal acts are not universal. They were adopted at different times, by different actors, and contain many gaps. Often, the documents are declarative, contradictory and not based on the modern international legal doctrine of environmental law development.
Irrigation and food security in the context of water shortage: legal issues and perspectives
Authors: Hryhorieva K.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the legal problems and prospects of ensuring the irrigation of agricultural land in conditions of a lack of traditional water resources. Modern hydromelioration reform in the form in which it is currently implemented is not a panacea. It mostly solves property and administrative-functional issues, but leaves a call for attention to environmental and natural resource problems. In view of the tendency to decrease the quantity and quality of water in the country, the question arises about the prospects of irrigation under such conditions. In recent decades, there has been a constant search for innovative solutions of not only technological, but also legal nature in the world for solving the complex problems of distributing limited resources and providing agriculture with vital moisture for maintaining food security. The objective problem of the lack of water suitable for irrigation against the background of the rapid growth of such needs is getting worse every year and in the long run can endanger the food security of the country. World experience demonstrates the approbation of various approaches to solving the problem of sufficient irrigation. According to the main way of achieving the goal, these approaches are presented by us in the form of three groups: 1) use of alternative sources of water resources (use of underground water, treated wastewater, desalinated salt water); 2) application of alternative irrigation technologies (modernization of irrigation systems; use of micro-irrigation); 3) use of alternative crops (voluntary and mandatory transition). Having analyzed the foreign and domestic experience of the legal regulation of selected methods of solving the problem of water shortage for irrigation, it is possible to trace some general trends: a) self-removal of the state from the implementation of large-scale irrigation projects, the need for which is generated by global environmental challenges; b) slow ecological transformation of legislation regulating agricultural irrigation; c) the predominance of separate legal norms and separate legal mechanisms aimed at regulating alternative irrigation, and the lack of comprehensive regulatory and legal support for the reconstruction of the irrigation system taking into account objective environmental problems.
Introduction of the position of the Commissioner for Environmental Human Rights in Ukraine taking into account the increase in negative factors affecting the state of the environment
Authors: Kuznetsova M. , Gres N. , Shapran V.
Published: August 2024

The article examines theoretical and legal issues related to the need to introduce the institution of the Commissioner for Environmental Rights in Ukraine. In order to clarify this issue, the legislation of Ukraine and international legal acts, the provisions of which relate to environmental human rights, are analyzed. In addition, the authors researched the foreign experience of various models of the implementation of the position of the environmental ombudsman – the USA, Great Britain, Austria and the Republic of the Philippines. Taking into account the increase in factors influencing the state of the environment, the issue of protecting violated human environmental rights is becoming increasingly important. It is especially important to ensure the protection of environmental rights in the period of martial law in connection with the mass of their violation by the aggressor state. The issue of the relationship between the environment and human rights is considered. The article proposes the introduction of the position of the Commissioner for Environmental Rights in Ukraine with the definition of his main tasks, in particular: the implementation of the state environmental policy and strategies for the sustainable development of regions in the field of environmental protection, the implementation of monitoring in order to detect violations of environmental human rights, the initiation of the investigation of committed violations in the absence of a statement from other individuals or legal entities about offenses, taking measures to prevent violations of environmental human rights, conducting educational and educational events for individuals and legal entities. Additionally, the grounds for the presence of regional representatives of the Environmental Ombudsman have been established. Attention is drawn to achieving the goal of sustainable and green economic development, taking into account climate goals, as well as protection of legal foundations, including environmental and social components.
Administrative-legal regulation of the provision of services by the State Employment Service to a separate category of persons in wartime conditions
Authors: Bezdieniezhna D. O.
Published: August 2024

The article examines the concept of administrative legal regulation of service provision by the State Employment Service in the context of wartime. Particular attention is paid to servicing certain categories of citizens who have suffered the most from the war in Ukraine. These categories include internally displaced persons, combatants and persons with disabilities.
The author emphasizes the importance of distinguishing these categories of persons from others due to their increased mental and emotional vulnerability and significant socio-economic losses caused by the war in Ukraine. The State Employment Service, as a key executive body in the field of employment promotion, plays a critical role in providing social support and integration of certain categories of people, especially in wartime. Its functions include not only employment assistance, but also the provision of comprehensive services aimed at the socio-economic adaptation of internally displaced persons, combatants and persons with disabilities to everyday life.
The article provides a detailed analysis of three key services provided by the State Employment Service. Firstly, it’s the organization of vocational education for registered unemployed individuals in specialized vocational training centers that are part of the service’s structure. Secondly, it’s the mechanism of providing vouchers for higher education in accredited higher education institutions with the assistance of the State Employment Service. Thirdly, it’s support in the form of grants aimed at stimulating entrepreneurial activity and starting your own business. Among the main problems in the mechanism of providing these services, attention is focused on overcoming primarily psychological barriers in recipients, difficulties in providing informational support regarding the offered services, as well as simplifying the process of obtaining and further implementing these services. Emphasis is placed on the necessity of expanding the classifier of professions for which one can receive a free voucher for education in higher educational institutions, in order to meet the needs of the majority of service users, taking into account their individual abilities and preferences.
The conclusion is drawn that successful administrative - legal regulation of service provision for specific categories of individuals is conditioned by the cooperation of state structures, higher education institutions, charitable organizations, and the service recipients themselves to ensure their successful integration into socio-economic life, including the rehabilitation of internally displaced persons, combatants, and persons with disabilities in the community.
Administrative liability for violations of civil firearms circulation rules as a component of state control
Authors: Bilak M. M.
Published: August 2024

The article provides an analysis of the compositions of administrative offenses in the sphere of circulation of civilian firearms. During the research, a number of problematic aspects were identified that could negatively affect the application of the relevant provisions of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses, and a series of proposals were put forward to address these gaps. In particular, the publication emphasizes the need to differentiate in Article 85 of the Code of Administrative Offenses the administrative responsibility for violations of hunting rules depending on the type of animals that have been hunted or attempted to be hunted by the subject of the respective offense, taking into account the rates for calculating the compensation for damages caused as a result of violations of legislation in the field of hunting and game management (except for species listed in the Red Book of Ukraine). The paper also highlights the expediency of differentiation of liability in the aforementioned article of the Law for Fisheries with the use of firearms based on the criterion of causing or not causing damage to ichthyofauna by relevant actions. Furthermore, the author proposes to amend Article 174 of the Code of Administrative Offenses regarding the use of firearms in the following version: ‘Shooting with firearms in an uncleared area of a populated area, in an uncleared area outside a populated area, or in a cleared area in violation of the established procedure’ and to differentiate responsibility in the specified norm depending on the place of commission of the administrative offense as a feature of the objective side. Moreover, with the aim of improving and enhancing the effectiveness of the application of administrative-legal prescriptions, the scientific article focuses on the controversial aspects of the object, objective side, and subject of the composition of the administrative offense envisaged by Article 190 of the Code of Administrative Offenses; normative formulation of the title and disposition of Article 192 of the Code of Administrative Offenses; the circle of persons constituting the subjective composition of administrative offenses envisaged in Articles 191–195 of the Code of Administrative Offenses; sanctions for committing administrative offenses provided for in Parts 1, 2, 4 of Article 85 and Articles 174, 190–195 of the Code of Administrative Offenses.
Organizational factors influencing the growth of Canada’s scientific and research potential in the field of artificial intelligence
Authors: Hachkevych A. , Fainyk A. , Fediura V.
Published: August 2024

A comprehensive analysis of the Pan-Canadian Artificial Intelligence Strategy and its implementation measures aimed at the growth of Canada’s scientific and research potential in the field of artificial intelligence forms the foundation of this study. Canada’s selection as the subject of study is attributed to its distinction as a pioneering country to adopt a strategy of this nature, and proving its status through drafting the Artificial Intelligence and Data Act, known as AIDA. The authors have discerned and deliberated on the main organizational factors that have positioned Canada as one of the leading nations in artificial intelligence in accordance with AI country rankings. This article presents the components of the Pan-Canadian Strategy, encompassing principal tasks and areas, including the practical introduction of novel technologies due to second-phase commercialization. It outlines the key focus areas of Canada’s public policy, including research, development and retention of skilled professionals, and the creation of essential infrastructure. The article also consolidates some significant societal outcomes realized during its implementation while identifying current trends. The foundation and activities of national institutions are underscored as pivotal in fostering scientific and research potential, with special emphasis on the initiative to establish a new institute dedicated to the safety of artificial intelligence under the strong influence of AI Safety Summit at Bletchley Park. The authors identify the key participants in the artificial intelligence ecosystem who have the most influence on implementing the Strategy. The conclusions drawn from the article aid in fostering a deeper comprehension of the role played by organizational and administrative processes in propelling advancements in the field of artificial intelligence. The favorable impact on societal development is highlighted, provided risks are mitigated. Given Ukraine’s historical association with high intellectual potential, the findings of this study can be instrumental in honing the national policy pertaining to artificial intelligence in Ukraine.
The single tax in Ukraine: reform or repeal
Authors: Ignatenko S. S.
Published: August 2024

The institution of a simplified taxation system provided for in the tax system of Ukraine is characterized by permanent variability, which is always aimed at achieving an optimal balance between national interests (reduction of the shadow economy sector; attracting funds to budgets; reducing the level of tax administration costs; preventing the use of simplified taxation system in minimization schemes; etc.) and individual interests of taxpayers (reducing the tax burden; promoting the competitiveness of taxpayers; improving the convenience of paying taxes; minimizing the amount of tax reporting; etc.). Since the introduction of the simplified taxation system, it has been significantly transformed and, compared to 1998, is qualitatively better. Despite this, discussions in political and scientific circles about the need to take steps to further modify this special tax regime, up to its complete abolition, do not stop.
The article considers the National Revenue Strategy until 2030 approved by the supreme executive body of Ukraine, which defines a medium-term roadmap for reforming tax policy and tax administration in Ukraine. The article outlines the main principles that should be followed in modernizing the national simplified taxation system and considers the goals that the state seeks to achieve through the practical implementation of the approved strategy. The author describes in detail the key measures envisaged by this national strategy for reforming the simplified taxation system, including in the context of Europeanization of the tax system of Ukraine, and points out the uncertainty of certain elements of these measures, which leads to complications in the tax planning process for entities. The author concludes that the approved national strategy, which is aimed at approximating the national tax policy and tax legislation of Ukraine to the provisions of the European Union legislation, provides for depriving legal entities (including agricultural producers) of the right to tax their income with a single tax, and defines measures to tighten the requirements for single tax payers (individual entrepreneurs) and increase their tax burden.
Modern approaches to determining the goals of the norms of administrative law
Authors: Kantor N. Y.
Published: August 2024

The article examines modern approaches to determining the goals of the norms of administrative law. It was found that when institutions or sub-branches of administrative law, a separate norm of administrative law or its interaction with other norms of national law are analyzed, then in all these cases we are talking about a norm of law, which according to quantitative parameters has acquired a new “internal quality” and in relation therefore, it has changed its manifestation in the surrounding world, which, in turn, affects the goal-setting of the norms of administrative law: a) as the smallest element in the legal system; b) in synergy with other norms of the legal institution; c) in synergy with other industry standards; d) in synergy with other norms of national law. It was established that according to the target orientation of the norms of administrative law, they should be divided into five groups: 1) primary regulatory - aimed at regulating basic social relations (consolidating the rights and obligations of civil servants as participants in administrative legal relations); 2) regulatory and encouraging – aimed at maintaining law-abiding behavior in society and in a specific person (consolidation of nationwide incentive measures for education workers); 3) regulatory and protective - aimed at protecting basic legal relations from possible encroachments (consolidation of administrative offenses in the Code of Administrative Offenses); 4) regulatory-protective – aimed at protecting already violated basic legal relations (consideration of public-law disputes in the administrative court according to the requirements of the CAS of Ukraine); 5) regulatory-perspective – determine benchmarks that should be strived for, but which for various reasons remain unattainable here and now (for example, Ukraine’s integration into the European political, economic, security, and legal space). It is proposed to divide the goals of the norms of administrative law depending on the level of legal regulation (basic, sectoral, national goals and goals of legal institutes), depending on the expected results (functional and substantive goals), depending on the potential terms of their achievement (staged and non-staged purposes), depending on the scope of implementation and obtaining a useful effect (legal, non-legal and mixed purposes).
The theoretical aspect of accessibility in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine during communication with persons with mental disorders: analysis of foreign experience
Authors: Kiblyk D. V.
Published: August 2024

The urgency of researching this topic is one of the most urgent for Ukrainian society and law enforcement agencies. At this stage, Ukraine is not only about the struggle for independence, for values, Ukraine is primarily about development and innovation. A fairly basic and fundamental vector or direction of the country for guaranteeing human and citizen rights, as well as ensuring a safe environment, has been established. Ratification and adoption of international acts in the field of human rights and freedoms is a step towards increasing the level of protection of citizens’ rights, first of all it shows the country’s responsibility and obligation to meet international standards.
Quite often, during the performance of tasks of maintaining public order and fighting crime, police officers, in addition to establishing the facts of crimes, must carry out proper communication, especially with persons who have mental disorders, such as autism (ASD). It is quite interesting that the issue of autism in Ukraine is not new, but it is not sufficiently researched. Especially in the law enforcement system. This article is aimed at theoretical research and coverage of the problem of barrier-freeness in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine during communication with persons who have mental disorders. The work analyzes the foreign experience of the concept of autism in the context of police work and the peculiarities of interaction with persons with various mental disorders. The principles and methods of ensuring unimpeded access to police services and measures aimed at improving the effectiveness of communication with this category of persons are considered. This study aims to determine the optimal strategies of police interaction with persons with mental disorders in order to ensure safety and protect their rights. On the basis of theoretical research, practical recommendations will be offered regarding the training of police officers in the skills of communication and interaction with this audience in order to improve the quality of service to persons with mental disorders in the activities of the National Police of Ukraine.
Activities of public administration entities in the field of standardization, licensing and accreditation of healthcare in Ukraine
Authors: Kozin S. M.
Published: August 2024

According to the provisions of the Basic Law of our state, life and health, honor and dignity, inviolability and security of a person are the highest social value. In order to ensure the guaranteed right to health care, the state, in the form of authorized bodies, takes the necessary organizational and legal measures and methods aimed at preserving human health. The human right to health covers a wide range of health-related phenomena and practices. Standardization, licensing and accreditation as means of ensuring the human right to health care directly belong to this spectrum of social relations. Taking into account the fact that the health care of citizens is based on a number of principles enshrined in the Constitution and laws of Ukraine, the article emphasizes that standardization, licensing and accreditation, which are the guarantee of life and health care, occupy a specific weight in health care citizens. Through the prism of legislative regulation and the analysis of subordinate regulatory legal acts, the author of the article examines the impact of regulatory legal acts on the regulation of relations in the field of standardization, licensing, and accreditation. The author focuses on the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, the State Service of Ukraine for Medicinal Products and Drug Control, as well as other public administration entities that play a leading role in licensing, standardization and accreditation of business entities, as well as other participants in relations in the field of health care. In general, the article draws attention to the important role of public law entities in regulating relations in the field of standardization, licensing, and accreditation, as well as draws attention to the legal mechanism of compulsory licensing.
It is concluded that the modern system of public administration in the researched sphere of public relations is carried out primarily by authorized state bodies. It is emphasized that the subject of further research should be the issue of determining the system of public and private law entities involved in the process of regulating relations in the sphere of health care of Ukraine, the disclosure of the legal mechanism of compulsory licensing in order to ensure the health of the population, the defense of the state, environmental safety and other public interests, as well as the activities of public entities during the martial law regime.