bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability Assessment Model of the Buriganga River Restoration Project in Bangladesh: A System Dynamics and Inclusive Wealth Study
Authors: Kumar Bipul , Mizunoya Takeshi
Published: January 2022

The Bangladesh government initiated the Buriganga River Restoration Project in 2010 to clean the heavily polluted Turag-Buriganga River. This study assessed the dynamic impact of the project on intergenerational well-being and developing a sustainable river system. The project outcomes were modeled for three future scenarios—varying waste control, streamflow, and migration control levels. System dynamics modeling—based on Streeter-Phelps’ water quality model and inclusive wealth (IW) index—was applied to secondary data (including remotely sensed data). The simulation model indicated that the project (with increasing streamflow up to 160 m3/s) will not ensure sustainability because dissolved oxygen (DO) is meaningfully decreasing, biological oxygen demand (BOD) is increasing, and IW is declining over time. However, sustainability can be achieved in scenario 3, an integrated strategy (streamflow: 160 m3/s, waste control: 87.78% and migration control: 6%) that will ensure DO of 8.3 mg/L, BOD of 3.1 mg/L, and IW of 57.5 billion USD in 2041, which is equivalent to 2.22% cumulative gross domestic product by 2041. This study is the first to use combined modeling to assess the dynamic impacts of a river restoration project. The findings can help policymakers to achieve sustainability and determine the optimal strategy for restoring polluted rivers.
Ionic Mass Transfer at Point Electrodes Located at Cathode Support Plate in an Electrorefining Cell in Presence of Rectangular Turbulent Promoters
Authors: Subbaiah Tondepu , Vijetha Ponnam , Marandi Barsha , Sanjay Kali , Minakshi Manickam
Published: January 2022

Current density plays a major role in deciding the plant size, current efficiency, and energy consumption in electrorefining cells. In general, operating current density will be 40% of the limiting current density. Forced circulation of the electrolyte in the presence of promoters improves the mass transfer coefficient. In the present study, rectangular turbulence promoters are fitted at the bottom side of the cell to improve the mass transfer coefficient at the cathode support plate. The limiting current density technique is used to measure the mass transfer coefficient. The variables covered in the present study are the effects of flow rate, promoter height, and spacing among the promoters. The electrolyte consists of copper sulfate and sulphuric acid. At a regulated flow rate, the electrolyte is pumped from the recirculation tank to the cell through an intermediate overhead tank. The limiting current density increased with an increasing flow rate in the presence of promoters, and thus the overall mass transfer coefficient on the cathode support plate also improved. With an increase in the flow rate of the electrolyte from 6.67 × 10−6 to 153.33 m3/s, limiting current density increased from 356.8 to 488.8 A/m2 for spacing of 0.30 m, with a promoter height of 0.01 m. However, it is noteworthy that when the promoter height is increased from 0.01 to 0.07 m, the overall mass transfer coefficient is found to increase up to 60%, but with the further increase in the promoter height to 0.30 m the mass transfer coefficient starts to decrease. Therefore, the optimized cell parameters are established in this work. The current sustainable concept of employing rectangular turbulence promoters will bring benefits to any precious metal refining or electrowinning tank house electrolytes.
Simulating Physiological Potentials of Daylight Variables in Lighting Design
Authors: Ravn Mimi , Mach Gabriela , Hansen Ellen Kathrine , Triantafyllidis Georgios
Published: January 2022

A holistic approach to daylight dynamics in our built environment can have beneficial outcomes for both physiological and visual effects on humans. Simulations of how daylight variables affect light levels on the horizontal work plane are compared to their physiological effects, measured as melanopic EDI (Melanopic Equivalent Daylight Illuminance) on a vertical plane. The melanopic EDI levels were calculated in a simulated office space in ALFA software (Adaptive Lighting for Alertness) employing the daylight variables of orientation, time of day, season, sky conditions and spatial orientation. Results were analyzed for how daylight design can contribute to the physiological effects of dynamic light in office buildings. Daylight is shown to be a sufficient light source in the majority of cases to meet the recommended values of EDI and provide the suggested horizontal lx level according to the Danish Standards. A mapping of daylight conditions, focusing on the specific factors presented here, can provide guidelines in the design process and future smart building systems. The complex interrelationship between these parameters is important to acknowledge when working with daylight dynamics as a sustainable element in architecture and lighting design.
Critical Influences on Responsible Tourism Behavior and the Mediating Role of Ambivalent Emotions
Authors: Hu Hsin-Hui (Sunny) , Sung Yung-Kun
Published: January 2022

This research employed a behavioral model to confirm and elucidate the critical influence of place attachment, destination involvement, and ambivalent emotion on responsible tourism behaviors. A total of 415 questionnaires were collected from tourists visiting Penghu Island in Taiwan. Following data analysis using structural equation modeling, the results suggested that place attachment, destination involvement, and ambivalent emotion critically impact responsible tourism behaviors, and that place attachment is negatively related to ambivalent emotion. In addition, ambivalent emotion was found to mediate the relationship between place attachment and responsible tourism behaviors. Finally, implications for the promotion of sustainable tourism development were thoughtfully provided based on these findings.
Nutrient Analysis and Species Diversity of Alpine Grasslands: A Comparative Analysis of Less Studied Biodiversity Hotspots
Authors: Wani Ishfaq Ahmad , Verma Susheel , Gupta Renu , Ganaie Masood Majaz , Nigam Gaurav , Shafik Hesham M. , Al-Misned Fahad A.
Published: January 2022

The alpine grasslands of Kashmir Himalaya act as a treasure house of floristic biodiversity. They have remained largely unstudied because of their remoteness and inaccessibility. It is imperative to have quantitative studies of these areas to allow the long-term monitoring of flora in these fragile ecosystems. During the present study, nutrient analysis and species diversity of some alpine grasslands were investigated. Electroconductivity (EC) of the soils ranged between 0.12 and 0.33 (dSm−1). With an increase in altitude and precipitation and a decrease in temperature, soil pH and available macro-nutrients (OC, N, P, K) show a considerable decrease. Sixty-six plant species belonging to twenty-nine families and fifty-one genera were reported with members predominantly from the Asteraceae, Rosaceae and Plantaginaceae families. Seven species were common to all study areas and Renyi diversity profiles showed that Kongwattan was the most diverse followed by Poshpathri and Yousmarg. The results of the Sorensen β diversity index showed a relatively lower dissimilarity index among the three studied alpine sites. In the majority of the growth forms, growth initiation was recorded in April, whereas senescence occurred in September. The highest bloom was seen in June-July. The plant species exhibited a greater variability in their phenophases under different environmental conditions and altitudinal gradients. Plants were more vigorous at lower altitudes and showed rapid response to the prevailing conditions. Stoloniferous forbs and tussock forming graminoids such as Sibbaldia cuneata, Trifolium repens, Plantago major, Trifolium pratense, Poa compressa, Poa angustifolia, and Plantago lanceolata showed a greater importance value index (IVI). The sedentary system of livestock rearing at Yousmarg resulted in the decreased density of the palatable species. This study allowed us to conclude that direct knowledge of soil nutrient composition and species diversity in alpine ecosystems can enhance conservation and ensure better management practices over a period of time.
Safe Working Cycle: Is It a Panacea to Combat Construction Site Safety Accidents in Hong Kong?
Authors: Chan Daniel W. M. , Aghimien Douglas O.
Published: January 2022

In Hong Kong, the accident statistics of the construction industry is still comparatively higher than other industries. However, accident rates within the industry have significantly decreased, starting from the implementation of diverse safety initiatives, including the Safe Working Cycle (SWC). In this study, a post-positivist philosophical stance was adopted, and a questionnaire survey was launched to gather empirical data on the application of SWC in construction projects, the effectiveness of the safety initiative, and the benefits thereof. The data gathered from 197 construction participants were analysed using descriptive statistics, mean score, Mann–Whitney U-Test, Kendall’s concordance analysis, Chi-square value, Spearman rank-order correlation test and exploratory factor analysis. The findings revealed significant adoption of SWC in the Hong Kong construction industry. Furthermore, daily, weekly, and monthly inspections and supervisions and safety committee meetings are effective items of this safety initiative. The benefits of adopting SWC can be grouped into the safety of frontline workers and increase in the organisation’s safety commitment and reputation. This study has created an excellent theoretical platform for future research work on the usefulness of the SWC in the construction industry at large.
GGE Biplot Analysis to Explore the Adaption Potential of Italian Common Wheat Genotypes
Authors: Bosi Sara , Negri Lorenzo , Fakaros Antonio , Oliveti Giulia , Whittaker Anne , Dinelli Giovanni
Published: January 2022

Given the substantial variation in global wheat yield, insufficient research in cultivar selection for climate change, and the lack of suitable germplasm in sustainable agroecosystems, there is a requisite for soft wheat genotypes, with stable grain yield as well as quality parameters. The present study was aimed at genotype evaluation (GGE biplot for “mean performance versus stability”) not only for yield, but also for technological, phytosanitary and functional quality parameters of 24 Triticum aestivum L. genotypes (eight landraces, old and modern varieties, respectively) within a single organic farm location (Argelato, Emilia-Romagna, Italy) over three consecutive years. Overall, high yield stability was shown for the landraces and old varieties. In particular, the landraces Piave and Gamba di Ferro, as well as the old variety Verna, showed high stability with above-average means for numerous quality parameters of interest. Additionally, relative stability combined with above-average mean for quality parameters was also demonstrated for the high-yielding Gentil Bianco and Guà 113. Aside from Verna, these “unrecognized” resilient genotypes were also shown to meet the requisites for suitable germplasm in sustainable agroecosystems. Future potential utilization of these more stable landraces in addressing climate change would also ultimately facilitate the survival of valuable genetic resources.
Motivating Users to Manage Privacy Concerns in Cyber-Physical Settings—A Design Science Approach Considering Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Oppl Sabrina , Stary Christian
Published: January 2022

Connectivity is key to the latest technologies propagating into everyday life. Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications enable users, machines, and technologically enriched objects (‘Things’) to sense, communicate, and interact with their environment. Albeit making human beings’ lives more comfortable, these systems collect huge quantities of data that may affect human privacy and their digital sovereignty. Engaging in control over individuals by digital means, the data and the artefacts that process privacy-relevant data can be addressed by Self-Determination Theory (SDT) and its established instruments. In this paper, we discuss how the theory and its methodological knowledge can be considered for user-centric privacy management. We set the stage for studying motivational factors to improve user engagement in identifying privacy needs and preserving privacy when utilizing or aiming to adapt CPS or IoT applications according to their privacy needs. SDT considers user autonomy, self-perceived competence, and social relatedness relevant for human engagement. Embodying these factors into a Design Science-based CPS development framework could help to motivate users to articulate privacy needs and adopt cyber-physical technologies for personal task accomplishment.
A Strategic Double-Loop Learning Method for Organisational Decision-Making toward Servitisation
Authors: Tsutsui Yusuke , Mitake Yuya , Funami Yuki , Shimomura Yoshiki
Published: January 2022

In recent years, manufacturing industries have been expected to achieve servitisation—namely, a shift from product sales to product-service systems—in order to achieve sustainable production and consumption patterns. In order to achieve servitisation, manufacturing firms should grasp the business environment and encourage organisational learning to develop the knowledge for servitisation in their environment. The existing knowledge management studies enable the empirical acquisition and reuse of knowledge from past case studies and make efforts to support organisational learning. However, they do not cover the guiding of firms engaged in servitisation to learn appropriately for their business environment. The learning required for manufacturing firms engaged in servitisation is learning that focuses on questioning and modifying existing product-oriented premises—double-loop learning. This paper proposes a method to support strategic double-loop learning within manufacturing companies engaged in servitisation. This method evaluates the compatibility between the implicit premises that manufacturers refer to as the rationale for their decision toward servitisation and the external environment and enables to formulate a practical strategy for double-loop learning. The proposed method was applied to the case of a cassette tape music player to demonstrate its usefulness. This study suggests theoretical foundations for future research into knowledge management for traditional manufacturing companies’ decisions concerning servitisation, and suggests that these should be carried out dynamically according to the business environment.
Experimental Research of Gaseous Emissions Impact on the Performance of New-Design Cylindrical Multi-Channel Cyclone with Adjustable Half-Rings
Authors: Chlebnikovas Aleksandras , Paliulis Dainius , Kilikevičienė Kristina , Kilikevičius Artūras
Published: January 2022

Cyclones are widely used for separating particles from gas in energy production objects. The efficiency of conventional centrifugal air cleaning devices ranges from 85 to 90%, but the weakness of many cyclones is the low collection efficiency of particles less than 10 μm in diameter. The novelty of this work is the research of the channel-type treatment device, with few levels adapted for precipitation of fine particulate matter, acting by a centrifugal and filtration principle. Many factors have an impact on cyclone efficiency—humidity, temperature, gas (air) composition, airflow velocity and etc. Many scientists evaluated only the effect of origin and size of PM on cyclone efficiency. The effect of gas (air) composition and temperature, and humidity on the multi-channel cyclone-separator efficiency still demands contributions. Complex theoretical and experimental research on air flow parameters and the efficiency of a cylindrical eight-channel system with adjustable half-rings for removing fine-dispersive particles (<20 μm) was carried out. The impact of air humidity and temperature on air flow, and gaseous smoke components on the removal of wood ashes was analyzed. The dusty gas flow was regulated. During the experiment, the average velocity of the cyclone was 16 m/s, and the temperature was 20–50 °C. The current paper presents experimental research results of wood ash removal in an eight-channel cyclone and theoretical methodology for the calculation of airflow parameters and cyclone effectiveness.
The Drivers and Barriers of Corporate Social Responsibility: A Comparison of the MENA Region and Western Countries
Authors: Alizadeh Amin
Published: January 2022

(1) Although numerous articles have been published to address the drivers or barriers of corporate social responsibility (CSR), some parts of the world have received less attention. In this study, I reviewed the literature from 2010 to 2021 to identify drivers and barriers of CSR in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and compare them with the findings in Western countries. (2) Methods: For this study, I used a structured literature review method. By setting the inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 28 articles remained from the selected database. (3) Results: The findings revealed that some CSR drivers, such as leadership styles, profitability, reputation, moral commitment, and environmental conservation, are common in both regions. There are also some differences between CSR drivers, for example, religious beliefs, low concentration of ownership, and company characteristics are some of the drivers in the MENA region. Maintaining social license to operate, and avoiding the risks of community opposition, pressure from the government, and consumer demand tend to be more important in Western countries. Common barriers in both regions are lack of financial resources, cost, lack of CSR knowledge and awareness, and ownership concentration. This review also highlighted that lack of law enforcement, lack of stakeholder communication, lack of management commitment, lack of interests, corruption, and financial debts are some of the barriers of CSR addressed in the MENA region, whereas cost/benefit ratio, lack of customer interest, and lack of scientific frameworks are special barriers in Western countries. (4) Conclusions: Although researchers in Western countries have more focus on the energy sector, there is a lack of research about the drivers and barriers of CSR in the MENA region in several industries, including oil and gas.
Implementing E-Commerce from Logistic Perspective: Literature Review and Methodological Framework
Authors: Zennaro Ilenia , Finco Serena , Calzavara Martina , Persona Alessandro
Published: January 2022

E-commerce is always more diffused as a selling channel around the whole world market, and its importance has increased and continues to increase with the COVID-19 pandemic emergency. It provides enterprises a lot of opportunities, as the importance of physical stores to sell goods is bypassed. However, it has also changed the role of logistics in the supply chain. For this reason, this work aims to identify the main logistics research areas related to e-commerce implementation and the factors and key performance indicators, which should be taken into account for each logistics research area, with particular attention to sustainable aspects. For doing this, a structured and comprehensive literature analysis is carried out. Keywords associated with e-commerce and logistics areas are matched to identify the most interesting works related to its implementation. From the analysis, five main research areas are identified: Supply Chain Network Design (SCND); Outbound Logistics (OL); Reverse Logistics (RL); Warehousing (WR); and IT and data management (E-IT). For each area, key factors, strategies and performance indicators have been identified. Finally, a methodological framework that summarizes the results of the analysis is presented; this is a useful tool for managers to implement or expand their e-commerce business. Many works are focused on one research area, carrying out critical factors, models, and methods to implement that topic. Instead, the methodological framework presented here summarizes multiple research areas from a logistic point of view, identifying for each one input and output variables and how they influence each other.
DIGDH: A Novel Framework of Difference Image Grafting Deep Hiding for Image Data Hiding
Authors: Duan Xintao , Li Lei , Su Yao , Wang Wenxin , Zhang En , Wang Xianfang
Published: January 2022

Data hiding is the technique of embedding data into video or audio media. With the development of deep neural networks (DNN), the quality of images generated by novel data hiding methods based on DNN is getting better. However, there is still room for the similarity between the original images and the images generated by the DNN models which were trained based on the existing hiding frameworks to improve, and it is hard for the receiver to distinguish whether the container image is from the real sender. We propose a framework by introducing a key_img for using the over-fitting characteristic of DNN and combined with difference image grafting symmetrically, named difference image grafting deep hiding (DIGDH). The key_img can be used to identify whether the container image is from the real sender easily. The experimental results show that without changing the structures of networks, the models trained based on the proposed framework can generate images with higher similarity to original cover and secret images. According to the analysis results of the steganalysis tool named StegExpose, the container images generated by the hiding model trained based on the proposed framework is closer to the random distribution.
Respiratory Safety Evaluation in Mice and Inhibition of Adenoviral Amplification in Human Bronchial Endothelial Cells Using a Novel Type of Chlorine Dioxide Gas Reactor
Authors: Yang Hae-Sung , Kim Kyeong-Min , Boonpraman Napissara , Yoon Sun-Mi , Seo Jeong-Eun , Park Min-Woo , Moon Jong-Seok , Yoo Su-Young , Yi Sun-Shin
Published: January 2022

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a growing demand for effective and safe disinfectants. A novel use of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) gas, which can satisfy such demand, has been reported. However, its efficacy and safety remain unclear. For the safe use of this gas, the stable release of specific concentrations is a must. A new type of ClO2 generator called Dr.CLOTM has recently been introduced. This study aimed to investigate: (1) the effects of Dr.CLOTM on inhibiting adenoviral amplification on human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells; and (2) the acute inhalation safety of using Dr.CLOTM in animal models. After infecting HBE cells with a recombinant adenovirus, the inhibitory power of Dr.CLOTM on the virus was expressed as IFU/mL in comparison with the control group. The safety of ClO2 gas was indirectly predicted using mice by measuring single-dose inhalation toxicity in specially designed chambers. Dr.CLOTM was found to evaporate in a very constant concentration range at 0–0.011 ppm/m3 for 42 days. In addition, 36–100% of adenoviral amplification was suppressed by Dr.CLOTM, depending on the conditions. The LC50 of ClO2 gas to mice was approximately 68 ppm for males and 141 ppm for females. Histopathological evaluation showed that the lungs of female mice were more resistant to the toxicity from higher ClO2 gas concentrations than those of male mice. Taken together, these results indicate that Dr.CLOTM can be used to provide a safe indoor environment due to its technology that maintains the stable concentration and release of ClO2 gas, which could suppress viral amplification and may prevent viral infections.
Ocular Autonomic Nervous System: An Update from Anatomy to Physiological Functions
Authors: Wu Feipeng , Zhao Yin , Zhang Hong
Published: January 2022

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) confers neural control of the entire body, mainly through the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. Several studies have observed that the physiological functions of the eye (pupil size, lens accommodation, ocular circulation, and intraocular pressure regulation) are precisely regulated by the ANS. Almost all parts of the eye have autonomic innervation for the regulation of local homeostasis through synergy and antagonism. With the advent of new research methods, novel anatomical characteristics and numerous physiological processes have been elucidated. Herein, we summarize the anatomical and physiological functions of the ANS in the eye within the context of its intrinsic connections. This review provides novel insights into ocular studies.
Achieving Partial Nitritation in Anammox Start-Up Environment
Authors: Pathak Sabin , Wang Shuai , Janka Eshetu
Published: January 2022

Removing ammonium via the partial nitritation anammox (PNA) process has been widely applied because of its cost and energy effectiveness. However, the first stage of PNA, partial nitritation, is hard to implement practically due to the challenging suppression of nitrate oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and should be achieved in the anammox environment to extend it to one stage PNA. Hence, this article evaluates different techniques, such as the combination of low dissolve oxygen (DO) and high free ammonia (FA), and the intermittent aeration cycle to achieve partial nitritation in an anammox start-up environment. For this purpose, a 10.5 L lab-scale moving bed biofilm reactor was set up and fed with synthetic wastewater and the transformation of influent ammonium into nitrate and nitrite was measured. The results showed that, despite applying low DO and higher free ammonia than the inhibition range of NOB, the nitrate production rate (NPR) was consistently higher than the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR), signifying no sufficient NOB suppression, partial nitritation under continuous aeration and up to a 0.27 gN/m2·d surface ammonium loading rate (SALR). Higher SALR than 0.27 gN/m2·d could result in partial nitritation since nitrogen compounds transformation was closer to partial nitritation when the reactor was subjected to 0.27 gN/m2·d rather than 0.14 gN/m2·d. Lifting up the SALR, on the other hand, results in a bad anammox environment and cannot prolong it to one-stage PNA. An intermittent aeration cycle with four different cycle lengths sets, obtained by monitoring nitrogen compound transformation, was, therefore, applied to the reactor. The relatively shorter aerobic length of 10 min ON and 30 OFF intermittent aeration cycle with 0.5 mg/L aerated DO was successful in achieving the partial nitritation with NPR, NAR, and ammonium removal efficiency (ARE) values of 17%, 78%, and 37%, respectively, showing that shorter aerated length suppresses NOB to a high degree due to less available time for NOB after oxygen starvation.
Prediction of Shoreline Change for the Calculation of the Integrated Littoral Sediment Budget
Authors: Kim Yeon-Joong , Yoon Jong-Sung
Published: January 2022

The severe coastal erosions are being accelerated along the east coast of South Korea owing to the intermittent erosions and depositions caused by the imbalance between the effective sediment volume supplied from coasts and rivers and the sediment transport rate. Consequently, many studies are being conducted to develop coastal-erosion reduction measures. To accurately determine the cause of coastal erosion, the causes of the erosion and deposition should be accurately diagnosed, and a comprehensive evaluation system for the sediment transport mechanism in the watershed and sea while considering regional characteristics is required. In particular, realizing the evaluation of the effective sediment volume that flows from the river to the sea through observations is a highly challenging task, and various research and developments are required to realize it, as it is still in the basic research stage. The purpose of this study was to systematically analyze the comprehensive sediment budget for coastal areas. First, an analytical system was developed. Then, a shoreline model was constructed by considering the size of the mixed particles. The parameters required for developing the model were determined using the observation data to improve the shoreline model. A sediment runoff model was applied to evaluate the effective sediment volume supplied from the river to the sea, and the applicability of this model was evaluated by comparing it with the sediment supply volume according to the soil and water assessment tool model. The representative wave and the input parameters of the model were set using the observation data of several years. It was found that the prediction performance of the shoreline change model improved when the effective sediment volume was considered, and the particles of the sediment on the shore were assumed to comprise multiple sizes. In particular, the prediction performance improved when the balance of the sediment budget was adjusted by applying a groin having a structurally similar performance to take into consideration the geographic features of the Deokbongsan (island) in front of the river mouth bar. The model demonstrated a good performance in reproducing long-term shoreline changes when the characteristics of the sea waves and the effective sediment volume were considered.
Assessing Groundwater Withdrawal Sustainability in the Mexican Portion of the Transboundary Santa Cruz River Aquifer
Authors: Tapia-Villaseñor Elia M. , Shamir Eylon , Cruz-Ayala Mary-Belle , Megdal Sharon B.
Published: January 2022

The impact of climate uncertainties is already evident in the border communities of the United States and Mexico. This semi-arid to arid border region has faced increased vulnerability to water scarcity, propelled by droughts, warming atmosphere, population growth, ecosystem sensitivity, and institutional asymmetries between the two countries. In this study, we assessed the annual water withdrawal, which is essential for maintaining long-term sustainable conditions in the Santa Cruz River Aquifer in Mexico, which is part of the U.S.–Mexico Transboundary Santa Cruz Aquifer. For this assessment, we developed a water balance model that accounts for the water fluxes into and out of the aquifer’s basin. A central component of this model is a hydrologic model that uses precipitation and evapotranspiration demand as input to simulate the streamflow into and out of the basin, natural recharge, soil moisture, and actual evapotranspiration. Based on the precipitation record for the period 1954–2020, we found that the amount of groundwater withdrawal that maintains sustainable conditions is 23.3 MCM/year. However, the record is clearly divided into two periods: a wet period, 1965–1993, in which the cumulative surplus in the basin reached ~380 MCM by 1993, and a dry period, 1994–2020, in which the cumulative surplus had been completely depleted. Looking at a balanced annual groundwater withdrawal for a moving average of 20-year intervals, we found the sustainable groundwater withdrawal to decline from a maximum of 36.4 MCM/year in 1993 to less than 8 MCM/year in 2020. This study underscores the urgency for adjusted water resources management that considers the large inter-annual climate variability in the region.
Surface Water Flow Balance of a River Basin Using a Shallow Water Approach and GPU Parallel Computing—Pescara River (Italy) as Test Case
Authors: Pasculli Antonio , Longo Roberto , Sciarra Nicola , Di Nucci Carmine
Published: January 2022

The analysis and prevention of hydrogeological risks plays a very important role and, currently, much attention is paid to advanced numerical models that correspond more to physical reality and whose aim is to reproduce complex environmental phenomena even for long times and on large spatial scales. Within this context, the feasibility of performing an effective balance of surface water flow relating to several months was explored, based on accurate hydraulic and mathematical-numerical models applied to a system at the scale of a hydrographic basin. To pursue this target, a 2D Riemann–Godunov shallow-water approach, solved in parallel on a graphical processing unit (GPU), able to drastically reduce calculation time, and implemented into the RiverFlow2D code (2017 version), was selected. Infiltration and evapotranspiration were included but in a simplified way, in order to face the calibration and validation simulations and because, despite the parallel approach, it is very demanding even for the computer time requirement. As a test case the Pescara river basin, located in Abruzzo, Central Italy, covering an area of 813 km2 and well representative of a typical medium-sized basin, was selected. The topography was described by a 10 × 10 m digital terrain model (DTM), covered by about 1,700,000 triangular elements, equipped with 11 rain gauges, distributed over the entire area, with some hydrometers and some fluviometric stations. Calibration, and validation were performed considering the flow data measured at a station located in close proximity to the mouth of the river. The comparison between the numerical and measured data, and also from a statistical point of view, was quite satisfactory. A further important outcome was the capability to highlight any differences between the numerical flow-rate balance carried out on the basis of the contributions of all known sources and the values actually measured. This characteristic of the applied modeling allows better calibration and verification not only of the effectiveness of much more simplified approaches, but also the entire network of measurement stations and could suggest the need for a more in-depth exploration of the territory in question. It would also enable the eventual identification of further hidden supplies of water inventory from underground sources and, accordingly, to enlarge the hydrographic and hydrogeological border of the basin under study. Moreover, the parallel computing platform would also allow the development of effective early warning systems, for example, of floods.
O uso de biomateriais para reparo ósseo na odontologia: Uma revisão de literatura / The use of biomaterials for bone repair in dentistry: A literature review
Authors: Miranda Maria Cecília , Hartmann Ivo
Published: January 2022

Objetivo: realizar uma revisão na literatura a fim de pontuar os principais biomateriais disponíveis dentro da odontologia atualmente, assim como suas vantagens e desvantagens, para que haja um melhor entendimento sobre seus respectivos usos. Metodologia: realização de levantamento nas bases de dados PubMed, Scielo e LILACS, utilizando como descritores os termos biomateriais na odontologia, enxerto ósseo, biocompatibilidade e cirurgia bucal, nos idiomas português e inglês. Resultados: há hoje no mercado uma grande quantidade de biomateriais disponíveis, que promovem a reparação histológica por meio dos mecanismos de osteogênese e/ou osteoindução e/ou osteocondução. Esses materiais podem ser naturais, por exemplo, os utilizados para enxerto autógenos (transplantados de um lugar para outro no mesmo indivíduo), os alógenos (transplantados entre indivíduos da mesma espécie) e os xenógenos (transplantados entre indivíduos de espécies diferentes, geralmente o doador sendo bovino ou suíno). Outra categoria pode ser a dos biomateriais sintéticos, que abrange cerâmicas (hidroxiapatita e tricálcio fosfato), metais, polímeros, vidros bioativos, entre outros. Considerações finais: Apesar das várias pesquisas na área, atualmente ainda não há um Biomaterial considerado ideal e o que mais se aproxima disso é o enxerto autógeno devido ao fato de ser o único osteogênico, osteoindutor e osteocondutor ao mesmo tempo e não desencadear resposta imunológica. Enquanto pesquisadores procuram a substância exemplar, é função do cirurgião-dentista dominar todas as técnicas e materiais disponíveis no mercado e adequar um tratamento específico a cada paciente.
Об оптимальном управлении стохастическим уравнением с дробным винеровским процессом
Authors: Кнопов Павел Соломонович , Пепеляева Татьяна Владимировна , Шпига Сергей Петрович
Published: January 2022

В теории стохастических дифференциальных уравнений в последние годы возникло новое направление исследований, а именно стохастические дифференциальные с дробным винеровским процессом. Такой класс процессов позволяет достаточно адекватно описывать многие реальные явления стохастической природы в финансовой математике, гидрологии, биологии и многих других областях. Эти явления в целом описываются не стохастическими системами, удовлетворяющими условиям сильного перемешивания или слабой зависимости, а системами с сильной зависимостью, и эта сильная зависимость регулируется так называемым параметром Харста, который является характеристикой этой зависимости. В данной работе исследуются задачи существования оптимального управления для стохастического дифференциального уравнения с дробным винеровским процессом. Относительно существования оптимального управления возникают те же трудности, что при исследовании задачи существования оптимального управления для стохастических уравнений с обычным винеровским процессом. Во многих реальных задачах класс допустимых управлений достаточно широк, и для оптимальных руководств могут не выполняться условия существования сильных решений для рассматриваемых уравнений. В статье рассматривается задача существования оптимального управления для стохастического дифференциального уравнения с дробным винеровским процессом, в котором присутствует коэффициент диффузии, дающий более точные результаты моделирования. Доказана теорема существования оптимального управления процессом, которому удовлетворяет соответствующее стохастическое дифференциальное уравнение. Основной результат получен с использованием теоремы Гирсанова для таких процессов и теоремы существования слабого решения стохастических уравнений с дробным винеровским процессом.
Факторы и уровни планирования эксперимента, эффективный выбор с учетом ограничений
Authors: Смирнов Сергей Анатолиевич
Published: January 2022

Исследуется задача планирования эксперимента с ресурсными ограничениями. Для сложной системы, предназначенной для экспериментального исследования, прежде чем использовать известные развитые методы факторного планирования эксперимента, нужно предварительно создать упрощенную математическую модель, представляющую неполное сокращенное описание системы. При этом упрощение из всех объективно существующих независимых параметров системы остаются лишь наиболее значимыми, что является вынужденной процедурой вследствие природных ограничений ресурсов, подобных для выполнения экспериментального исследования. Те же ограничения лимитируют и число значений, назначаемых каждому из параметров (уровню факторов). Статья посвящена модификации существующего метода дискретизации такой модели с рациональным выбором параметров дискретизации в соответствии с существующими ограничениями, однако с крайне ненадежной относительно сходимости итерационной процедурой решения. Главные идеи модифицированного подхода следующие: 1) выбор числа уровней факторов пропорционально значимости соответствующих параметров и сведению задачи к поиску неподвижной точки (как в известном методе); 2) разбиение по вероятности (вместо разбиения на интервалы равной длины) для дискретизации и выбора представительских значений параметра, позволяющего найти точное простое выражение для его энт-ропии Шенона; 3) переход от много- к однопараметрическому (коэффициент пропорциональности как показатель параметризации) представление нелинейного отображения, его декомпозиция и упрощение итерационного процесса; 4) нахождение начального значения коэффициента пропорциональности по фактору с средней релевантностью и расчеты для других факторов с последующим итерационным уточнением. Итерационный процесс гарантированно совпадает, так как рассмотрение малых и больших значений скалярного параметра позволяет использовать теорему с промежуточным значением непрерывной функции. Далее на основе разработанной процедуры решены две задачи о назначении числа уровней факторов для ситуаций с малым и большим ресурсным ограничением, указаны соответствующие усложнения в расчетах и способы их преодоления.
Про пришвидшення оптимізаційних методів для задачі синтезу багатошарових оптичних покриттів
Authors: Міца Олександр Володимирович , Стецюк Петро Іванович , Левчук Олександр Миколайович , Пецко Василь Іванович , Повхан Ігор Федорович
Published: January 2022

Розглянуто п’ять способів для пришвидшення багатовимірного пошуку розв’язку задачі синтезу багатошарових оптичних покриттів за допомогою методів нульового та першого порядків. Перший спосіб — це використання аналітичної похідної для цільової функції якості багатошарового покриття. Він дозволяє точно (у межах комп’ютерної арифметики) обчислити значення градієнта гладкої цільової функції та узагальненого градієнта негладкої цільової функції. Перший спосіб потребує таку ж кількість арифметичних операцій, як і скінченно-різницеві способи обчислення градієнта та узагальненого градієнта. Другий спосіб — це використання пришвидшеного знаходження градієнта цільової функції за допомогою використання префікс- та суфікс-масивів у аналітичному способі обчислення градієнта. Цей прийом дозволяє зменшити кількість арифметичних операцій втричі для задач великої розмірності. Третій спосіб — це використання табуляції значень тригонометричних функцій для обчислення характеристичних матриць. Цей прийом зменшує час виконання операцій множення характеристичних матриць у десятки разів в залежності від характеристик комп’ютера. Для деяких архітектур комп’ютера ця перевага становить більше ніж 140 разів. Четвертий спосіб — це використання методу золотого перерізу для одновимірної оптимізації в задачах синтезу оптичних покриттів. Зокрема, при розв’язанні однієї часткової задачі показано, що метод тернарного пошуку потребує приблизно на 40 % більше часових затрат, ніж метод золотого перерізу. П’ятий спосіб — це використання ефективної реалізації множення двох матриць. Вона полягає у зміні порядку другого і третього циклів для загальновідомого методу множення двох матриць та фіксації у звичайній змінній значення елемента першої матриці. Це дозволяє суттєво прискорити виконання операції множення двох матриць. Для матриць розмірності 1000×1000 придшвидшення складає від 2 до 15 разів — залежно від характеристик комп’ютера.
О верхних и нижних разрешающих функциях в игровых задачах динамики
Authors: Чикрий Алексей Аркадиевич , Чикрий Кирилл Аркадиевич
Published: January 2022

Изучаются квазилинейные конфликтно-управляемые процессы общего вида на предмет сближения траекторий с заданным цилиндрическим множеством. В основу исследований положен метод верхних и нижних решающих функций. Основное внимание уделено ситуации, когда нет места условию Понтрягина, к тому же телесная часть терминального множества не является выпуклой. Предложена схема метода, которая позволяет в случае невыпуклости телесной части зафиксировать некоторую точку в ней, точку прицеливания, и реализовать процесс сближения. Получены достаточные условия для решения задачи сближения для разных классов стратегий. При этом использованы стробоскопические стратегии Хайека, определяющие управление М.М. Красовским. Процесс сближения состоит из двух этапов: активного и пассивного. На активном этапе накапливается верхняя разрешающая функция первого типа, а после момента переключения используется нижняя разрешающая функция второго типа. Эти функции дают возможность построить измерительное управление первого игрока на основе теорем об измеримом выборе, в частности теоремы Филиппова-Кастена. Полученные результаты для обобщенных квазилинейных процессов позволяют охватить широкий круг функционально-дифференциальных систем, систем с дробными и частными производными. Указаны возможности для развития предложенной методики.
Ситуация неопределенности, возникающая в задачах семантики, и способы ее решения
Authors: Тимофеева Надежда Константиновна
Published: January 2022

Рассматриваются различные виды неопределенности, которые возникают при решении задач семантики. В теории принятия решений исследуют ситуацию неопределенности, связанную с неполной входящей, текущей и нечеткой информацией. Но неопределенность в задачах семантики имеет другие проявления. Решение ее проводится различными способами в зависимости от вида неопределенности. Задачи этого класса относятся к распознаванию, и при установлении сущности определенных объектов вводятся меры сходства, являющиеся субъективной оценкой. Для разных мер значение целевых функций может отличаться вследствие неоднозначности результата, полученного по этим функциям или выбранной степени сходства, и не удовлетворять цели исследования. При выборе результата возникает ситуация неопределенности. Но по некоторым мерам сходства можно найти и глобальное решение. Такие задачи выделяются в подклассы решаемых задач. Поскольку задачи семантики сводятся к задачам комбинаторной оптимизации, аргументом целевой функции в которых комбинаторные конфигурации, то ситуация неопределенности может быть связана с особой структурой множества комбинаторных конфигураций. Для ее решения необходимо вводить несколько целевых функций или проводить оптимизацию по нескольким критериям, которые сводятся к взвешенному критерию (линейной свертке). Нахождение оптимального решения проводится самонастраивающимися алгоритмами с учетом постоянных и переменных критериев, которые вводятся в процессе решения задачи. То есть в процессе работы алгоритма генерируется дополнительная текущая информация (критерии качества), влияющая на прогнозирование будущих результатов. Ситуация неопределенности проявляется и вследствие нечетко разработанных правил обработки и оценки информации и при выборе оптимального решения по нескольким критериям в многокритериальной оптимизации. Для выхода из этой ситуации разрабатывают самоналадочные алгоритмы, используют введение в процессе решения задачи формальных параметров, с помощью которых генерируется вспомогательная текущая информация, которую невозможно задать во входных данных. Также для решения ситуации неопределенности используются подклассы решаемых задач, проводится структуризация эталонной библиотеки для сведения неразрешимых задач к решенным.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat tentang Covid-19 dan Perilaku Masyarakat di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Mukhlis Siti Hidayati , Karminingtyas Sikni Retno
Published: January 2022

Covid-19 merupakan penyakit infeksi pernafasan yang disebabkan oleh SARS-COV2. Pandemi Covid-19 dianggap sebagai bencana kesehatan global yang paling krusial pada abad ini dan tantangan terbesar yang dihadapi umat manusia sejak Perang Dunia ke-2. Jumlah kasus di Indonesia terus meningkat setiap hari dan mengakibatkan ancaman bagi masyarakat dalam hal kesehatan, ekonomi, dan sosial. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat tentang Covid-19 dan perilaku masyarakat di masa pandemi Covid-19 di Desa Montong Beter Kecamatan Sakra Barat. Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan Cross-Sectional Study. Jumlah sampel 100 responden dengan metode pengambilan consecutive sampling  menggunakan kuesioner google form dan disebarkan melalui WhatsApp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat dalam kategori baik yaitu sebanyak 85 responden (85%). Perilaku masyarakat Desa Montong Beter di masa pandemi Covid-19 terkait upaya dalam pencegahannya dalam kategori cukup baik yaitu sebesar 54 responden (54%). Uji gamma diperoleh nilai p 0,005 (sig <0,05) dan koefisien korelasi 0,657 yang menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang kuat antara pengetahuan masyarakat dengan perilaku pencegahan Covid-19. Simpulan penelitian ini pengetahuan masyarakat dalam kategori baik, sedangkan perilaku masyarakat dalam kategori cukup baik dan terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku masyarakat dalam upaya pencegahan Covid-19.