bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OPTIMIZED DEEP LEARNING WITH OPPOSITION-BASED ANT LION APPROACH FOR CRACK IDENTIFICATION OF THICK BEAMS
Authors: PITCHAIAH DASARIPALLE , SRINIVASA RAO PUTTI
Published: November 2019

Crack identification in thick beams has improved increasing considerations from the scientific and building areas since the unpredicted structural failure may cause disastrous, catastrophic and life trouble. The goal of the present examination is to predict the unknown crack location and its depth in thick beams from the information of frequency data obtained from experimental examination. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is approved by numerical simulations in view of experimental data for a cantilever beam, free-free beam and simply supported beam. With the improvements in delicate figuring, optimization strategies are acknowledged to be an extremely proficient instrument to offer an answer for crack identification issue. In the simulation modeling, the parameters, for example, shift; modal assurance criterion (MAC) and stiffness, are predicted by utilizing optimized deep learning neural network (ODNN) approach in view of crack location and size. To improve the weight in DLNN, the opposition-based ant lion (OAL) is used by minimizing the mean square error (MSE) rate. The result shows that the proposed model achieves the optimal performance compared with existing techniques.
Power commuting traces of bilinear maps on invertible elements
Authors: Franca Willian , Louza Nelson
Published: November 2019

Let [Formula: see text] be a unital simple ring. Under a mild technical restriction on [Formula: see text], we characterize bilinear mappings [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] for all unit [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text]. As an application we describe bijective linear maps [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text] for all invertible [Formula: see text]. Precisely, we will show that [Formula: see text] is an isomorphism.
Graph approximations to the Laplacian spectra
Authors: Lu Jinpeng
Published: November 2019

I prove that the spectrum of the Laplace–Beltrami operator with the Neumann boundary condition on a compact Riemannian manifold with boundary admits a fast approximation by the spectra of suitable graph Laplacians on proximity graphs on the manifold, and similar graph approximation works for metric-measure spaces glued out of compact Riemannian manifolds of the same dimension.
Adaptive Neural Network Control of a Class of Fractional Order Uncertain Nonlinear MIMO Systems with Input Constraints
Authors: Wang Changhui , Liang Mei , Chai Yongsheng
Published: November 2019

An adaptive backstepping control scheme for a class of incommensurate fractional order uncertain nonlinear multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) systems subjected to constraints is discussed in this paper, which ensures the convergence of tracking errors even with dead‐zone and saturation nonlinearities in the controller input. Combined with backstepping and adaptive technique, the unknown nonlinear uncertainties are approximated by the radial basis function neural network (RBF NN) in each step of the backstepping procedure. Frequency distributed model of a fractional integrator and Lyapunov stability theory are used for ensuring asymptotic stability of the overall closed‐loop system under input dead‐zone and saturation. Moreover, the parameter update laws with incommensurate fractional order are used in the controller to compensate unknown nonlinearities. Two simulation results are presented at the end to ensure the efficacy of the proposed scheme.
Numerical Study on the Explosive Separation of Pyrotechnic Cutter
Authors: Xiong Shihui , Ye Yaokun , Li Yanhua , Wen Yuquan
Published: November 2019

Pyrotechnic cutters are widely used in the wrapping‐band connecting structures of carrier rockets. In this article, a three‐dimensional (3D) finite element model of a pyrotechnic cutter is proposed to determine the influence of the explosive dynamic fracture process and the cutter blade acceleration distance on the cutting effect, using AUTODYN finite element simulation software. Numerical simulations of the cutting process reveal that the initial shear speed, the maximal speed, and the speed at which the cutter connects the rod increase linearly with increasing distance between the cutter blade and the cutting board. As the distance increases, the difference between the initial cutting speed and the maximal speed of the cutter gradually decreases and effectively disappears for a distance of 8.5 mm. At this time, the acceleration effect of the gunpowder gas on the cutter is nearly maximal. When the distance between the cutter and the connecting rod is less than 7.5 mm, the cutting time decreases significantly with increasing spacing. For distances between 7.5 mm and 8.5 mm, the distance has little effect on the cutting time as it increases. There is a small increase in the cutting time, and it can be seen that there is an optimal distance between the cutter and the cutting board during the cutting process. The cutting effect is the strongest for this distance. For the cutter studied in this article, the optimal distance was 7.5 mm. In addition, numerical studies were also performed by varying the maximal cutting diameter of the connecting rod of the pyrotechnic cutter. The discrepancy between the simulation results and actual test data was under 10%, and the simulation result for the cut state of the connecting rod was also consistent with the test result. The simulation results in this article can deepen the understanding of the action mechanism and process of the pyrotechnic cutter and reveal the maximal cutting diameter of the connecting rod of the pyrotechnic cutter under different charging conditions. This provides a reference for future cutter design optimization.
Combined Fundal and Segmental Adenomyomatosis of the Gallbladder in a Child: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Kinoshita Hidetoshi , Ariga Hiromichi , Shirota Jun , Sasaki Kyosuke , Shibukawa Yasuko , Fukuda Yutaka , Nagasawa Katsutoshi , Ogata Seiya , Shimizu Hirofumi , Yamashita Michitoshi , Tanaka Hideaki
Published: November 2019

Adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder (AMG) is characterized by mucosal hyperplasia leading to invagination through the thickened muscle layer, which is relatively common in adults, but is rare in childhood. We report a 12-year-old boy with adenomyomatosis of the gallbladder combined segmental and fundal type. This combined type is rare in adults and is first reported here in childhood. Although initial imaging with computed tomography (CT) suggested the presence of a circular solid mass-like lesion because of its rare morphology, repeated ultrasonography (US) was useful for leading to a correct diagnosis.
Medical Application of Hydrogen in Hematological Diseases
Authors: Qian Liren , Wu Zhengcheng , Cen Jian , Pasca Sergiu , Tomuleasa Ciprian
Published: November 2019

Hydrogen gas has been reported to have medical efficacy since the 1880s. Still, medical researchers did not pay much attention to hydrogen gas until the 20th century. Recent research, both basic and clinical, has proven that hydrogen is an important physiological regulatory factor with antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. In the past two decades, more than 1000 papers have been published on the topic, including organ ischemia-reperfusion injury, radiation injury, diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, or cancer. We have previously hypothesized and proven the therapeutic effects of hydrogen gas in graft-versus-host disease following stem cell transplantation. In the current manuscript, we present the clinical advances of hydrogen gas in hematological disorders.
Analysis and FPGA Realization of a Novel 5D Hyperchaotic Four‐Wing Memristive System, Active Control Synchronization, and Secure Communication Application
Authors: Yu Fei , Liu Li , He Binyong , Huang Yuanyuan , Shi Changqiong , Cai Shuo , Song Yun , Du Sichun , Wan Qiuzhen
Published: November 2019

By introducing a flux‐controlled memristor with quadratic nonlinearity into a 4D hyperchaotic system as a feedback term, a novel 5D hyperchaotic four‐wing memristive system (HFWMS) is derived in this paper. The HFWMS with multiline equilibrium and three positive Lyapunov exponents presented very complex dynamic characteristics, such as the existence of chaos, hyperchaos, limit cycles, and periods. The dynamic characteristics of the HFWMS are analyzed by using equilibria, phase portraits, poincare map, Lyapunov exponential spectrum, bifurcation diagram, and spectral entropy. Of particular interest is that this novel system can generate two‐wing hyperchaotic attractor under appropriate parameters and initial conditions. Moreover, the FPGA realization of the novel 5D HFWMS is reported, which prove that the system has complex dynamic behavior. Finally, synchronization of the 5D hyperchaotic system with different structures by active control and a secure signal masking application of the HFWMS are implemented based on numerical simulations and FPGA. This research demonstrates that the hardware‐based design of the 5D HFWMS can be applied to various chaos‐based embedded system applications including random number generation, cryptography, and secure communication.
The Influence of Injected Fluids on Microscopic Pore Structures in the Intersalt Dolomitic Shale Oil Reservoirs
Authors: Zhou Tong , Yan Wei , Su Jianzheng , Tang Xianglu , Tian Hao , Li Wenbo , Wang Kongyang , Sun Ting , Wang Ruyue , Zhang Rusheng , Niu Jun
Published: November 2019

Given their low porosity and permeability, intersalt dolomitic shale oil reservoirs need to be developed via large-scale hydraulic fracturing to achieve economic effects. However, various lithologies and salt materials make these reservoirs vulnerable to salt mineral dissolution and recrystallization and salt plugging during development. This study investigated the variation rules of pore structures, porosity, and permeability of intersalt dolomitic shale oil reservoirs under the influence of hydraulic fracturing fluid. Correspondingly, a series of experiments (i.e., high-temperature and high-pressure soaking experiments, focused ion beam scanning helium ion microscope analyses, and porosity and pulse permeability tests) is performed on the Qian 34-10 rhythmic intersalt dolomitic shales. Results show that distilled water dissolves the salt crystals inside the matrix pores to improve the reservoir permeability. However, the distilled water-rock interaction will cause the massive migration of salt minerals. By contrast, the supercritical CO2 can disperse salt particles, dredge the channels, and enlarge pores by expansion, but it has an overall weak capability of changing the pore structure and matrix permeability. To simulate the supercritical CO2 composite fracturing, the mixed solution of supercritical CO2 and distilled water favors the salt dissolution effect in the water-based fracturing fluid and recovery enhancement by CO2. This solution can remarkably improve the reservoir porosity and permeability and avoid massive salt mineral migration and salt crystallization damage. This study is theoretically and practically important to the effective and enhanced development of intersalt dolomitic shale oil reservoirs.
A Pellet 3D Printer: Device Design and Process Parameters Optimization
Authors: Liu Shiyi , Zhao Peng , Wu Senyang , Zhang Chengqian , Fu Jianzhong , Chen Zichen
Published: November 2019

A novel pellet 3D printer was first developed, and its structure was constructed out of three main parts. The material used in this device was polycaprolactone (PCL), which was praised for its good characteristics in the biomanufacturing and chemical industries. Three essential parameters that had important effects on the diameter of the printed fibers were systematically studied using a L9(34) orthogonal design table. Using the fused deposition modelling (FDM) method, some products were printed with this machine. Results showed that the stepper motor’s speed had the most significant effect on the diameter of the printed fibers. The optimal parameters were, a stepper motor speed of 1.256 mm3 s−1, a nozzle moving speed of 9.6 mm s−1, and 1.1 mm of height between the nozzle and the platform. Defects like gaps, warping, and poor surface quality were found to be related to different combinations of process parameters. By using the developed pellet 3D printer, the pre-step of making filaments can be avoided, which will bring convenience to FDM 3D printing.
Student Perceptions of Growth-Facilitating and Growth-Constraining Factors of Practice Placements: A Comparison between Japanese and United Kingdom Occupational Therapy Students
Authors: Miyamoto Reiko , Green Dido , Bontje Peter , Suyama Natsuka , Ohshima Nobuo , Fever Sally S. A. , Butler Jenny
Published: November 2019

This study compared growth-facilitating and growth-constraining experiences of practice placements as perceived by occupational therapy students from Japan and the United Kingdom (UK). Fifteen students from Japan and 14 from the UK used a nominal group technique (NGT) to rank, individually and in groups, their subjective learning experiences during practice placements. Qualitative analysis and simple tabulation based on ranking of items obtained in the NGT were performed. Five item categories were identified from both Japanese and UK students: self-reflection, the role of supervisor, sense of responsibility, clinical knowledge and skills, and time management. Results showed that all students perceived opportunities for self-reflection and feedback from supervisors as growth facilitating and students’ passive attitudes towards requirements of practice placements as growth constraining. Country-specific differences between students were observed in clinical knowledge and skills, sense of responsibility, and time management. Japanese students perceived that preparatory study led to successfully treating clients during placement, and they tended to commit to placement assignments at the expense of time outside. UK students valued working independently with a sense of responsibility but considered time-management problems within their placement hours as growth constraining. These differences can be explained by different social norms and expectations of students from Japan and the UK.
Effectiveness of Punishment and Operating Subsidy in Supervision of China’s Pension PPP Projects: An Evolutionary Game and Simulation Analysis
Authors: Yue Xianghua , Lin Yuming
Published: November 2019

Aiming at solving problems of service quality supervision in China’s pension PPP projects, this paper mainly analyses the influences of “punishment” and “operating subsidy” on the evolutionary stability strategies of both players through constructing an evolutionary game model between private investors and government regulators. The results show that improving operating subsidy can effectively motivate private investors to improve service quality, and under the active supervision of government regulators, increasing punishment can restrain private investors from violating rules. If government regulators fail to perform their duties, however, punishment will be ineffective to private investors who have broken the rules. Therefore, the Chinese government should take appropriate measures to improve the sense of responsibility of government regulators who appropriately punish private investors providing low‐quality services and appropriately increase operating subsidies to private investors offering high‐quality services.
Marsh Mallow (Althaea officinalis L.) and Its Potency in the Treatment of Cough
Authors: Mahboubi Mohaddese
Published: November 2019

Althaea officinalis has been traditionally used for management of cough and other respiratory problems. The aim of this review article was to evaluate its efficacy in modern research according to its traditional beliefs. All information was extracted from scientific resources of PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, Wiley, Springer, SID, accessible books, reports, and theses. The results of animal and clinical studies confirmed the efficacy of A. officinalis extracts alone in treatment of dry cough, while combination of A. officinalis with Zataria multiflora, Zingiber officinalis, or Helix hedera increased the efficacy of A. officinalis and improved all kinds of cough. Different mechanisms are involved in expectorant and antitussive effects of A. officinalis in treatment of cough. Therefore, A. officinalis in combination with other plant extracts in different forms of drug could be a good choice for cough, sore throat, and other respiratory ailments.
Integrative Network Analysis of Multi-Omics Data in the Link between Plasma Carotenoid Concentrations and Lipid Profile
Authors: Tremblay Bénédicte L. , Guénard Frédéric , Lamarche Benoît , Pérusse Louis , Vohl Marie-Claude
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Carotenoids, which are a reliable biomarker of fruit and vegetable consumption, are positively associated with the lipid profile. Circulating carotenoid concentrations may interact with several omics profiles including genome, transcriptome, and epigenome. Few studies have used multi-omics approaches, and they rarely include environmental factors, such as diet. Objective: The objective of this observational study was to examine the potential role of multi-omics data in the interconnection between diet, represented by total carotenoids, and lipid profile using weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Methods: Blood leukocyte DNA methylation levels of 472,245 CpG sites and whole blood gene expression levels of 18,160 transcripts were tested for associations with total carotenoid concentrations using regressions in 48 healthy subjects. WGCNA was used to identify co-omics modules and hub genes related to the lipid profile. Results: Among genes associated with total carotenoid concentrations, a total of 236 genes were identified at both DNA methylation and gene expression levels. Using WGCNA, six modules, consisting of groups of highly correlated genes represented by colors, were identified and linked to the lipid profile. Probes clustered in the turquoise and green modules correlated with plasma lipid concentrations. A total of 28 hub genes were identified. Conclusions: Genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression levels were both associated with plasma total carotenoid concentrations. Several hub genes, mostly involved in lipid metabolism and inflammatory response with several genetic variants associated with plasma lipid concentrations, came out of the integrative analysis. This provides a comprehensive understanding of the interactive molecular system between carotenoids, omics, and plasma lipid profile.
Interleukin-33 Promotes Th2/Th17 Response in Eosinophilic and Non-Eosinophilic Nasal Polyps
Authors: Luo Xianglin , Li Chuling , Wang Yuanming , Yang Gang , Xu Yaxiong , Li Guanquan , Liao Fang , Tan Shujuan
Published: November 2019

Background: Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is reported to be involved in Th2-skewed eosinophilic inflammation. A recent study also found that IL-33 exerted opposite effects on Th17 response in different diseases. However, the role of IL-33 in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (NPs) was not explored. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression and function of IL-33 in chronic rhinosinusitis with NPs. Materials and Methods: NP tissues from 60 NP patients and normal tissues of the inferior turbinate from 20 controls were sampled in operation. Immunochemistry was performed to identify eosinophilic or non-eosinophilic NPs. The expressions of IL-33 and Th1/2/17 cytokines were compared between different subtypes of NPs. The effect of IL-33 on Th response was detected in dispersed nasal polyp cells (DNPCs), and the signaling pathways involved in the process were detected using Western blot. Results: The concentration of IL-33 was signiﬁcantly elevated in both eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic NPs compared with controls. By in vitro study, we found that IL-33 can induce IL-4 and IL-5 production from eosinophilic DNPCs through the PI3K/AKT pathway, whereas IL-33 can induce IL-17 production from non-eosinophilic DNPCs through the ERK1/2 pathway. Conclusion: IL-33 is involved in Th2/Th17 response in NPs. Our study suggests that different types of NPs need a different treatment target.
Association between Plasma Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness among Male and Female Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease on Hemodialysis
Authors: Shemies Rasha Samir , Gaber Tamer Zaki , Radwan Samar Tharwat , Mansour Mostafa , Mofreh Mohamed , Albehairy Ahmed , Bahriz Rania , Nagy Eman , Sayed Ahmed Nagy , Nassar Mohammed Kamal
Published: November 2019

Background and Aim: Serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S) is known to be lower in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and in those with cardiac disease, and correlates with a poor cardiovascular outcome. This study aimed to assess the correlation between DHEA-S and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) as a predictor of cardiovascular disease in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Methods: A total of 88 HD patients were included in this cross-sectional study. They included 53 male (group I) and 35 female patients (group II). In addition to conventional history taking, clinical examination, and routine laboratory investigations, serum DHEA-S and CIMT were measured for all patients. CIMT was measured using B-mode ultrasonography, and the mean of maximum CIMT was recorded. The 2 patient groups were further classified according to the level of DHEA-S. The correlation between serum DHEA-S and CIMT was studied. Results: In male patients, CIMT and age were significantly higher in the group with low DHEA-S level (p = 0.003 and 0.001, respectively), while there was no significant difference in both parameters in females. A higher percentage of HCV-positive patients is present in the male group with low DHEA-S level (p = 0.009). Serum DHEA-S is significantly negatively correlated with CIMT in males (p = 0.003) but not in females, and has a significant negative correlation to age in both genders (p = 0.001 and 0.04, respectively). Conclusion: Endocrinal disturbance representing as lower serum DHEA-S is associated with increased CIMT, which is considered a predictor of cardiovascular disease in male HD patients, although it is largely explained by advancing age.
Cutaneous Pili Migrans: A Case Report
Authors: Ingkapairoj Kawina , Triwongwaranat Daranporn , Jiamton Sukhum , Varothai Supenya
Published: November 2019

Hair-induced creeping eruption is a rare condition characterized by a fragment of hair embedded in the superficial layer of the skin. Mainly cases from Asia are reported. We report a 39-year-old Thai female who experienced painful blackish linear eruption on the right side of the neck. The proximal end of the lesion was excised, and the rest of it was removed using forceps. The lesion suddenly disappeared. The black line that was removed from the lesion appeared to be hair. In conclusion, this condition is important and should be considered when patients present with creeping eruption.
Ribociclib in Breast Cancer Brain Metastases: A Case Report
Authors: Radke Isabel , von Wahlde Marie-Kristin , Schülke Christoph , Tio Joke
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women. It frequently metastasizes to the lung, liver, and bones. Due to the improvement of therapeutic strategies and therefore longer patient survival, brain metastases have become more frequent. However, evidence-based therapeutic options of systemic treatment are limited because patients with breast cancer brain metastases are often excluded from clinical trials. Case Presentation: Here, we show a patient with brain and orbital metastases from a hormone receptor-positive, Her2neu-negative breast cancer that led to one-sided blindness. She was treated with a combination therapy of the CDK4/6 inhibitor ribociclib and the aromatase inhibitor anastrozole and showed a fast and durable response for 9 months with good tolerability of the treatment. Conclusion: Systemic treatment with a CDK4/6 inhibitor and endocrine therapy can be considered in breast cancer brain metastases.
Isolated Right Ventricular Metastasis in a Woman with Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma after Palliative Therapy
Authors: Fan Chun-Ting , Lin Wei-Wen , Chen Ming-Jer , Shiu Sz-Iuan
Published: November 2019

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cardiac metastasis represents a group of rarity and poor prognosis. Few case reports have described this patient entity, and it remains unclear regarding the optimal treatment and predicted outcome for these patients. In our case, we represented a 67-year-old female patient with presentations of dyspnea and heart murmur, which conducted to the diagnosis of advanced HCC with isolated right ventricular metastasis. Because of multiple comorbidities regarding cardiac and pulmonary systems, she received best supportive care and survived 2 months after initial diagnosis. A systemic literature review of 80 published cases (including our patient) since the 1950s was also performed from PubMed, and the data were gathered from the medical record and literature reviews. In our review, patients with advanced HCC and cardiac metastasis involved the right heart mainly with a predominance of right atrium (53%). Meanwhile the overall 3-month survival rate in our review was 70.7%. In subgroup analysis, the overall 3-month survival was highest (97%) in patients treated with surgery and other therapies, and lowest (27%) in patients with best supportive care. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive literature review addressing the epidemiology, optimal treatment, and prognosis for advanced-stage HCC with cardiac metastasis. We suggest that abnormal cardiac murmur in patients with history of HCC should prompt investigation for tumor involvement of the heart. We also emphasize individualized treatment as well as prognostic measurement accordingly.
Retinal Microcirculation in Predicting Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients without Retinopathy
Authors: Cankurtaran Veysel , Inanc Merve , Tekin Kemal , Turgut Faruk
Published: November 2019

Purpose: To evaluate retinal thicknesses and retinal microcirculation in healthy controls and in diabetic patients with or without microalbuminuria. Methods: Eighty-six diabetic patients without diabetic retinopathy (DR) (44 normoalbuminuric, 42 microalbuminuric) and 51 healthy controls were enrolled in this cross-sectional, prospective study. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA) were performed. Correlations between OCTA parameters with mean urinary albumin levels were evaluated. Results: The mean vessel densities of superficial capillary plexus (SCP), whole disc, and peripapillary area were significantly decreased in patients with microalbuminuria compared to patients with normoalbuminuria and controls (p < 0.05 for all). The mean vessel density of deep capillary plexus was significantly reduced in patients with microalbuminuria compared to controls (p < 0.05 for all). There were no significant differences in retinal thickness between groups (p > 0.05). Both duration of diabetes and urinary albumin levels were significantly and moderately correlated with mean vessel density of whole SCP in diabetic patients (r = 0.330, p = 0.021; r = 0.356, p = 0.017, respectively). Conclusion: Diabetic eyes without clinically detectable DR show impaired retinal microcirculation. Microalbuminuria is associated with alterations of retinal microcirculation in diabetic patients without DR. Evaluation of retinal microcirculation is likely useful for detecting early changes related to microvascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients.
A Gendered Reading of Purity and Boundaries: 4QTohorot A (4Q274) as a Case Study
Authors: Keady Jessica M.
Published: November 2019

To understand purity from both the male and the female perspective within the Qumran ‎communities, this article will be using 4QTohorot A (4Q274) as a case study to: review the formation and function of gender within the manuscript; permit a broadening of the critique of purity to include a range of gender ‎issues; enable a discussion of the position of women in relation to ‎female purification laws; and permit exploration of the male perspective and ‎experience from a masculinist perspective. ‎By concentrating on the ‎functionality of this particular scroll, further insights will be gained to understand the gendered ‎and identity politics at play behind such strict purity regulations in order to discern—and to ‎imagine—what it actually meant to be a constant threat of potential pollution within ‎communities where purity ruled all aspects of everyday life, and how such regulations worked on a gendered ‎level.
Ne Bis In Idem in Article 20(3) of the Rome Statute and Non-State Courts
Authors: Nuridzhanian Gaiane
Published: November 2019

Article 20(3) of the Rome Statute bars the International Criminal Court from trying a person for conduct proscribed by the Statute if the person has already been tried in relation to the same conduct before “another court,” provided that the proceedings in the other court were genuine. The article discusses application of Article 20(3) of the Rome Statute and, by implication, of the Court’s admissibility framework to non-State courts. It argues that Article 20(3) applies where there has a been a trial before a court of a State, whether that State is a party or not to the Rome Statute. Article 20(3) can in principle apply to a trial before a non-State court were the trial to satisfy the customary international law rules on attribution of conduct to a State.
Ears on the Hand: Reaching Three-Dimensional Targets With an Audio-Motor Device
Authors: Hanneton Sylvain , Hoellinger Thomas , Forma Vincent , Roby-Brami Agnes , Auvray Malika
Published: November 2019

Understanding the processes underlying sensorimotor coupling with the environment is crucial for sensorimotor rehabilitation and sensory substitution. In doing so, devices which provide novel sensory feedback consequent to body movement may be optimized in order to enhance motor performance for particular tasks. The aim of the study reported here was to investigate audio-motor coupling when the auditory experience is linked to movements of the head or the hands. The participants had to localize and reach a virtual source with the dominant hand in response to sounds. An electromagnetic system recorded the position and orientation of the participants’ head and hands. This system was connected to a 3D audio system that provided binaural auditory feedback on the position of the virtual listener located on the participants’ body. The listener’s position was computed either from the hands or from the head. For the hand condition, the virtual listener was placed on the dominant hand (the one used to reach the target) in Experiment 1 and on the non-dominant hand, which was constrained in order to have similar amplitude and degrees of freedom as that of the head, in Experiment 2. The results revealed that, in the two experiments, the participants were able to localize a source within the 3D auditory environment. Performance varied as a function of the effector’s degrees of freedom and the spatial coincidence between sensor and effector. The results also allowed characterizing the kinematics of the hand and head and how they change with audio-motor coupling condition and practice.
Wood anatomy of Ceiba speciosa (A. St.-Hil.) Ravenna under urban pollution
Authors: de Vasconcellos Thaís Jorge , Callado Cátia Henriques
Published: November 2019

Urban pollution is one of the current environmental problems which most threatens the human and environmental health. In a fast-changing world, trees stand out among the sessile organisms that withstand the variations imposed by the environment throughout their lifespan. Thus, trees have become important objects of study in the evaluation of phenological, physiological and/or morphological plasticity. Previous studies have demonstrated the impact of urban environment on cambium anatomy and dendrochronology ofCeiba speciosa(Malvaceae), a native species of the Atlantic Forest. In the present study, our objective is to evaluate the impact of the urban environment on wood structure and consequently on the hydraulic architecture ofCeiba speciosa. Wood samples were collected by a non-destructive method, processed and analyzed according to the usual techniques for plant anatomy. Samples were collected in two sites: the first, an important forest remnant of the Atlantic Forest, and the second next to Avenida Brasil, the largest avenue in Rio de Janeiro, the fourth largest city in Latin America. Trees showed plasticity in seven anatomical features and significant differences in wood structure between both groups studied. Urban trees have lower hydraulic conductivity, shorter vessels and fibres, and larger, more frequent rays. These features demonstrate that in stressful situations, such as those observed in urbanized environments,Ceiba speciosainvests in more safety for water transport and in lower wood resistance, with a trade-off between high production of cells of low energy cost and providing storage of water and metabolic products for unfavorable periods.
The Creation of a Norwegian-American Identity in the usa
Authors: Joranger Terje Mikael Hasle
Published: November 2019

Ethnic identity formation is the result of a process wherein the migrant combines both pre-existing values and attitudes and present experiences of the same group and its relations with other groups. This article discusses identity formation among Norwegian immigrants in the United States in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. In other words, how did Norwegian immigrants arriving from a homogeneous society develop a separate identity in the multicultural society of the United States, and to what factors can we attribute this development? In a cultural process of change called ‘ethnicisation’, immigrants were transformed from the status of ‘foreigners’ to become ‘ethnics’, that is ‘Norwegian-Americans’. Identity is thus connected to the term ‘ethnicity’, and I will first present different perspectives on the term ethnicity, followed by a short summary of Norwegian migration patterns to the United States up until the early twentieth century. I will end the article by discussing components that explain the existence of a Norwegian-American identity.
Synthesis of 1,4-Dihydropyridine as a Fluorescent and Colorimetric Chemosensor for Detection of Fe3+ Ion
Authors: Kordi Zohreh Kheil , Ziarani Ghodsi Mohammadi , Badiei Alireza , Lashgari Negar
Published: November 2019

A new fluorescent and colorimetric sensor for Fe3+ ion were synthesized via four-component reaction of acetophenone, dimedone, benzaldehyde and ammonium acetate in the presence of SrFe12O19. The chemosensor shows excellent sensitivity toward Fe3+
ion. The sensing ability of the chemosensor was studied by fluorescent and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The detection limits for Fe3+ were calculated respectively about 8.3 × 10–6 M and 2.3 × 10–6 M for fluorescence and UV-Vis techniques.
Optical Fibre Sensors for Photonic Applications
Authors: Raj Rajnish , Lohia Pooja , Dwivedi D. K.
Published: November 2019

Recent development in optical fiber and numerous advantages of light over electronic system have boosted the utility and demand for optical fibre sensor in modern era. Optical fibre sensor is used to measure the various parameters like temperature, pressure, vibration, rotation etc.
Optical fibre sensor offers a wide spectrum of advantage over traditional sensing system in terms of longer lifetime and small in size. Optical fibre has been considered as not only the substitutes of conventional sensors but also the unique solutions in the field of scientific engineering
and industrial research. This paper reports the status of optical fibre sensor and its application in detail.
Cardiologists’ and patients’ views about the informed consent process and their understanding of the anticipated treatment benefits of coronary angioplasty: A survey study
Authors: Astin Felicity , Stephenson John , Probyn Joy , Holt Janet , Marshall Keith , Conway Dwayne
Published: November 2019

Background:

Percutaneous coronary intervention is a common revascularisation technique. Serious complications are uncommon, but death is one of them. Seeking informed consent in advance of percutaneous coronary intervention is mandatory. Research shows that percutaneous coronary intervention patients have inaccurate perceptions of risks, benefits and alternative treatments.

Aim:

To assess cardiologists’ and patients’ views about the informed consent process and anticipated treatment benefits.

Methods:

Two cross-sectional, anonymous surveys were distributed in England: an electronic version to a sample of cardiologists and a paper-based version to patients recruited from 10 centres.

Results:

A sample of 118 cardiologists and 326 patients completed the surveys. Cardiologists and patients shared similar views on the purpose of informed consent; however, over 40% of patients and over a third of cardiologists agreed with statements that patients do not understand, or remember, the information given to them. Patients placed less value than cardiologists on the consent process and over 60% agreed that patients depended on their doctor to make the decision for them. Patients’ and cardiologists’ views on the benefits of percutaneous coronary intervention were significantly different; notably, 60% of patients mistakenly believed that percutaneous coronary intervention was curative.

Conclusions:

The percutaneous coronary intervention informed consent process requires improvement to ensure that patients are more involved and accurately understand treatment benefits to make an informed decision. Redesign of the patient pathway is recommended to allow protected time for health professionals to engage in discussions using evidence-based approaches such as ‘teach back’ and decision support which improve patient comprehension.
Burden, risk factors and maternal and offspring outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA): a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Natamba Barnabas Kahiira , Namara Arthur Araali , Nyirenda Moffat Joha
Published: November 2019

Background

The burden, determinants and outcomes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in sub-Saharan Africa are not known. We summarized existing evidence on the prevalence, risk factors and complications of GDM in the region.

Methods

PubMed was searched from inception to January 31st 2019. Studies were included if carried out in any of the sub-Saharan Africa countries and were available as abstracts or full texts. Interventional studies and those only including qualitative data were excluded. We employed random effects modelling to estimate the pooled GDM prevalence and risk ratios (RRs) for risk factors and outcomes of GDM and their 95%CI.

Results

283 papers were identified in the initial search, 33 of which met the inclusion criteria. Data on GDM burden suggest a pooled prevalence of 9% (95%CI, 7–12%). Family history of type 2 diabetes and previous history of GDM, macrosomia, stillbirth and abortion were important risk factors of GDM. In addition, being overweight or obese, over 25 years of age or hypertensive increased the risk of GDM. In terms of complications, GDM more than doubles the risk macrosomia (RR; 95%CI: 2.2; 1.1–4.4).

Conclusions

There is a high burden of gestational diabetes mellitus in sub-Saharan Africa, but more studies are needed to document locally important risk factors as well as maternal and offspring outcomes. Interventions to reduce obesity among older African women might lead to reduced risk of GDM in sub-Saharan Africa.
Low psoas muscle index is a poor prognostic factor for lower gastrointestinal perforation: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Authors: Kayano Hajime , Nomura Eiji , Abe Rin , Ueda Yasuhiko , Machida Takashi , Fujita Chikara , Uchiyama Shohei , Endo Kazuyuki , Murakami Katsuki , Mukai Masaya , Makuuchi Hiroyasu
Published: November 2019

Background

Various body composition indices have been reported as prognostic factors for different cancers. However, whether body composition affects prognosis after lower gastrointestinal tract perforation requiring emergency surgery and multidisciplinary treatment has not been clarified. This study examined whether body composition evaluations that can be measured easily and quickly from computed tomography (CT) are useful for predicting prognosis.

Methods

Subjects comprised 64 patients diagnosed with perforation at final diagnosis after emergency surgery for a preoperative diagnosis of lower gastrointestinal tract perforation and penetration. They were divided into a survival group and a non-survival (in-hospital mortality) group and compared. Body composition indices (psoas muscle index (PMI); psoas muscle attenuation (PMA); subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI); visceral adipose tissue index (VATI); visceral-to-subcutaneous fat area ratio (VSR)) were measured from preoperative CT. Cross-sectional psoas muscle area at the level of the 3rd lumbar vertebra was quantified. Optimal cut-off values were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Poor prognostic factors were investigated from multivariate logistic regression analyses that included patient factors, perioperative factors, intraoperative factors, and body composition indices as explanatory variables.

Results

The cause of perforation was malignant disease in 12 cases (18.7%), and benign disease in 52 cases (81.2%). The most common cause was diverticulum of the large intestine. Emergency surgery for the 64 patients led to survival in 52 patients and death in 12 patients. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of poor prognosis were Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (odds ratio 1.908; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.235–3.681; P = 0.0020) and PMI (odds ratio 13.478; 95%CI 1.342–332.690; P = 0.0252). The cut-off PMI was 4.75 cm2/m2 for males and 2.89 cm2/m2 for females. Among survivors, duration of hospitalization was significantly longer in the low PMI group (29 days) than in the high PMI group (22 days, p = 0.0257).

Conclusions

PMI is easily determined from CT and allows rapid evaluation of prognosis following lower gastrointestinal perforation.
Primary healthcare and school health service utilisation by adolescents and young adults in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Doyle Aoife M. , Mchunu Lerato , Koole Olivier , Mthembu Sandile , Dlamini Siphephelo , Ngwenya Nothando , Ferguson Jane , Seeley Janet
Published: November 2019

Background

Young people aged 10–24 years are a vulnerable group with poor health service access relative to other populations. Recent South African initiatives, the She Conquers campaign, the Integrated School Health Policy and the Adolescent & Youth Health Policy, include a focus on improving the breadth and quality of youth-friendly health service delivery. However, in some settings the provision and impact of scaled-up youth friendly health services has been limited indicating a gap between policy and implementation. In this study we reviewed existing sources of data on health service utilisation to answer the following question: ‘What health conditions do young people present with and what services do they receive at public health clinics, mobile clinics and school health services?’

Methods

We conducted a retrospective register review in three purposively selected primary healthcare clinics (PHCC), one mobile clinic, and one school health team in Hlabisa and Mtubatuba sub-districts of uMkhanyakude District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The focus was service utilisation for any reason by 10–24 year olds. We also conducted descriptive analysis of pre-existing data on service utilisation by young people available from the District Health Information System for all 17 PHCC in the study sub-districts.

Results

Three quarters of 4121 recorded young person visits in the register review were by females, and 40% of all young person visits were by females aged 20–24 years. The most common presenting conditions were HIV-related, antenatal care, family planning, general non-specific complaints and respiratory problems (excluding TB). There were relatively few recorded consultations for other common conditions affecting young people such as mental health and nutritional problems. Antibiotics, antiretrovirals, contraceptives, vitamins/supplements, and analgesics were most commonly provided. Routine health registers recorded limited information, were often incomplete and/or inconsistent, and age was not routinely recorded.

Conclusions

Measuring morbidity and service provision are fundamental to informing policy and promoting responsive health systems. Efforts should be intensified to improve the quality and completeness of health registers, with attention to the documentation of important, and currently poorly documented, young people’s health issues such as mental health and nutrition.
“We just get paid for 12 hours a day, but we work 24”: home health aide restrictions and work related stress
Authors: Shotwell Jillian L. , Wool Eve , Kozikowski Andrzej , Pekmezaris Renee , Slaboda Jill , Norman Gregory , Rhodes Karin , Smith Kristofer
Published: November 2019

Background

Home-bound patients in New York State requiring long-term care services have seen significant changes to their benefits due to turmoil in the Managed Long Term Care (MLTC) market. While there has been research conducted regarding the effect of MLTC challenges on beneficiaries, the impact of MLTC regulatory changes on home health aides has not been explored.

Methods

Qualitative interviews were conducted with formal caregivers, defined as paid home health aides (HHAs) (n = 13) caring for patients in a home-based primary care program in the New York City metropolitan area. HHAs were asked about their satisfaction with the home based primary care program, their own job satisfaction, and whether HHA restrictions affect their work in any way. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed.

Results

Two main themes emerged: (1) Pay, benefits and hours worked and (2) Concerns about patient well-being afterhours. HHAs are working more hours than they are compensated for, experience wage stagnation and loss of benefits, and experience stress related to leaving frail clients alone after their shifts end.

Conclusions

HHAs experience significant job-related stress when caring for frail elderly patients at home, which may have implications for both patient care and HHA turnover. As government bodies contemplate new policy directions for long-term care programs which rely on HHAs the impact of these changes on this vulnerable workforce must be considered.