bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparisons of dissolved organic matter and its optical characteristics in small low and high Arctic catchments
Authors: Coch Caroline , Juhls Bennet , Lamoureux Scott F. , Lafrenière Melissa J. , Fritz Michael , Heim Birgit , Lantuit Hugues
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Climate change is affecting the rate of carbon cycling,
particularly in the Arctic. Permafrost degradation through deeper thaw and
physical disturbances results in the release of carbon dioxide and methane to
the atmosphere and to an increase in lateral dissolved organic matter (DOM)
fluxes. Whereas riverine DOM fluxes of the large Arctic rivers are well
assessed, knowledge is limited with regard to small catchments that cover
more than 40 % of the Arctic drainage basin. Here, we use absorption
measurements to characterize changes in DOM quantity and quality in a low
Arctic (Herschel Island, Yukon, Canada) and a high Arctic (Cape Bounty,
Melville Island, Nunavut, Canada) setting with regard to geographical
differences, impacts of permafrost degradation, and rainfall events. We find
that DOM quantity and quality is controlled by differences in vegetation
cover and soil organic carbon content (SOCC). The low Arctic site has higher
SOCC and greater abundance of plant material resulting in higher
chromophoric dissolved organic matter (cDOM) and dissolved organic carbon
(DOC) than in the high Arctic. DOC concentration and cDOM in surface waters
at both sites show strong linear relationships similar to the one for the
great Arctic rivers. We used the optical characteristics of DOM such as cDOM
absorption, specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA), ultraviolet (UV)
spectral slopes (S275–295), and slope ratio (SR) for assessing quality
changes downstream, at base flow and storm flow conditions, and in relation to
permafrost disturbance. DOM in streams at both sites demonstrated optical
signatures indicative of photodegradation downstream processes, even over
short distances of 2000 m. Flow pathways and the connected hydrological
residence time control DOM quality. Deeper flow pathways allow the export of
permafrost-derived DOM (i.e. from deeper in the active layer), whereas
shallow pathways with shorter residence times lead to the export of fresh
surface- and near-surface-derived DOM. Compared to the large Arctic rivers,
DOM quality exported from the small catchments studied here is much fresher
and therefore prone to degradation. Assessing optical properties of DOM and
linking them to catchment properties will be a useful tool for understanding
changing DOM fluxes and quality at a pan-Arctic scale.
Estimating the disequilibrium in denudation rates due to divide migration at the scale of river basins
Authors: Sassolas-Serrayet Timothée , Cattin Rodolphe , Ferry Matthieu , Godard Vincent , Simoes Martine
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Basin-averaged denudation rates may locally exhibit a wide dispersion, even in areas where the topographic steady state is supposedly achieved regionally. This dispersion is often attributed to the accuracy of the data or to some degree of natural variability of local erosion rates which can be related to stochastic processes such as landsliding. Another physical explanation of this dispersion is local and transient disequilibrium between tectonic forcing and erosion at the scale of catchments. Recent studies have shown that basin divide migration can potentially induce such perturbations, and they propose metrics to assess divide mobility based on cross-divide contrasts in headwater topographic features. Here, we use a set of landscape evolution models assuming spatially uniform uplift, rock strength and rainfall to assess the effect of divide mobility on basin-wide denudation rates. We propose using basin-averaged aggressivity metrics based on cross-divide contrasts (1) in channel χ, an integral function of position in the channel network; (2) in channel local gradient; and (3) in channel height, measured at a reference drainage area. From our simulations, we show that the metric based on differences in χ is the most reliable to diagnose local disequilibrium. The other metrics are more suitable for relatively active tectonic regions such as mountain belts, where contrasts in local gradient and elevation are more important. We find that the ratio of basin denudation associated with drainage migration to uplift can reach a factor of 2, regardless of the imposed uplift rate, erodibility, diffusivity coefficient or critical hillslope gradient. A comparison with field observations in the Great Smoky Mountains (southern Appalachians, USA) underlines the difficulty of using the metric based on χ, which depends on the – poorly constrained – elevation of the outlet of the investigated catchment. Regardless of the considered metrics, we show that observed dispersion is controlled by catchment size: a smaller basin may be more sensitive to divide migration and hence to disequilibrium. Our results thus highlight the relevance of divide stability analysis from digital elevation models as a fundamental preliminary step for basin-wide denudation rate studies based on cosmogenic radionuclide concentrations.
Highly accurate dating of micrometre-scale baddeleyite domains through combined focused ion beam extraction and U-Pb thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (FIB-TIMS)
Authors: White Lee F. , Tait Kimberly T. , Kamo Sandra L. , Moser Desmond E. , Darling James R.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Baddeleyite is a powerful chronometer of mafic magmatic and meteorite impact processes. High precision and accuracy U-Pb ages can be measured from single grains by isotope dilution thermal ionisation mass spectrometry (ID-TIMS), but this requires destruction of the host rock for highly challenging grain isolation and dissolution. As a result, the technique is rarely applied to precious samples with very limited availability (such as lunar, Martian and asteroidal meteorites and returned samples) or samples containing small baddeleyite grains that cannot readily be isolated by conventional mineral separation techniques. Here, we use focused ion beam (FIB) techniques, utilising both Xe+ plasma and Ga+ ion sources, to liberate baddeleyite subdomains in-situ, allowing their extraction for ID-TIMS dating. We have analysed the U-Pb isotope systematics of domains ranging between 200 um and 10 um in length and 5 ug to 0.1 ug in mass. In total, seven domains of Phalaborwa baddeleyite extracted using a Xe+-pFIB yield a weighted mean 207 Pb/206 Pb age of 2060.1 ± 2.4 Ma (0.12 %; all uncertainties 2 sigma), within uncertainty of reference values. The smallest extracted domain (ca. 10 × 15 times; 10 um) yields an internal 207 Pb/206 Pb uncertainty of ±0.15 %. Comparable levels of precision are achieved using a Ga+-source FIB instrument (±0.20 %), though the slower cutting speed limits potential application to larger grains. While the U-Pb data are between 0.5 and 13.6 % discordant, the results generate a precise upper intercept age in U-Pb concordia space of 2061.1 × 7.4 Ma; (0.72 %). Importantly, the extent of discordance does not correlate with the ratio of material to ion-milled surface area, showing that the FIB extraction does not induce disturbance of U-Pb systematics even the smallest extracted domains. Instead, we confirm the natural U-Pb variation and discordance within the Phalaborwa baddeleyite population observed with other geochronological techniques. Our results demonstrate the FIB-TIMS technique to be a powerful tool for high-accuracy in-situ U-Pb dating, which makes a wide range of targets and processes newly accessible to geochronology.
BUNDLE ADJUSTMENT ACCURACY ASSESSMENT OF UNORDERED AERIAL DATASET COLLECTED THROUGH KITE PLATFORM
Authors: Abate D. , Murtiyoso A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The introduction into the commercial market of affordable and off-the-shelves Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS), have lately boosted the mapping capabilities of archaeologists. Hardware solutions have been indeed supported by more accurate flight planning software allowing to increase the reliability of 3D models in terms of spatial resolution and geometric accuracy. However, during the last decades, aerial photography was mainly performed exploiting imaging sensors mounted on kites, balloons and poles. Although being an affordable and user-friendly solution, the use of these platforms did not allow the collection of images following an ordered data collection, hence introducing factors in the network design which could hamper the photogrammetric reconstruction. This study aims to assess the Bundle Adjustment (BA) accuracy and the reliability of the photogrammetric reconstruction by reprocessing various dataset collected over the UNESCO archaeological site of Khirokitia Vouni (Cyprus) using a commercial software and DBAT (Damped Bundle Adjustment Toolbox).
EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION: REALITY BASED SURVEY AND DERIVATIVE MODELS
Authors: di Luggo A. , Campi M. , Repola L. , Cera V. , Scandurra S. , Pulcrano M. , Falcone M.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Three-dimensional acquisition systems for architecture have significantly evolved over just a few decades, with them allowing point clouds to be generated through active and passive optical sensor equipment.Accuracy levels vary considerably in relation to both the equipment and techniques used, with the data obtained acting as a scaffolding for the creation of derived models that allow specific analyses to be carried out.Ongoing research on Palazzo Donn’Anna, a Neapolitan sixteenth-century building of particular historical and artistic value, is being carried out in this context and the first results are presented in this paper.The entire building has been the subject of an instrumental survey. The north-east façade was proposed as a case-study for the experimentation of diversified reality-based sensors so as to compare the accuracy and precision of the data. The comparison was also aimed at evaluating the performance of some processing softwares. Finally, in order to obtain an estimate of the data in the transcription from the point cloud to a derived 3D model, the reproduction of the same portion of the prospectus in a derivative model of both object-oriented and NURBS types was experimented.
FISHEYE LENS IMAGE CAPTURE ANALYSIS FOR INDOOR 3D RECONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION
Authors: León-Vega H. A. , Rodríguez-Laitón M. I.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The following article has as its purpose to solve a series of questions related to the acquisition of fisheye lens images made in the Benchmark FINE, making use of this data and images to generate a reconstruction to the tower of the chapel of San Vigilio in 3D using SFM photogrammetry and its application methodologies using low-cost instruments and sensors such as non-metric digital cameras. The fisheye lens has a wide range of focus and field of view that makes it possible to capture a scene with a limited number of images more quickly and efficiently. An analysis is intended to be carried out on the basis of the results obtained by assessing their accuracy and quality to determine the feasibility in the proposed initial use for the assessment of spaces difficult access by maintaining geometry without distances, scale, defined orientation in images, or ground control points (GPCs).
FIRST ASSESSMENTS ON HERITAGE SCIENCE ORIENTED IMAGE-BASED MODELING USING LOW-COST MODIFIED AND MOBILE CAMERAS
Authors: Adamopoulos E. , Rinaudo F. , Bovero A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Three-dimensional modeling of cultural heritage, especially concerning large scale studies, as for example, archaeometry, diagnostics and conservation intervention applications, which usually require high-resolution and multi-spectral analyses, necessitates the use of complicate and often expensive equipment. Recent developments regarding low-cost commercially available spectrally modified digital reflex cameras, smartphones with good quality image sensors, mobile thermal cameras in combination with automated or semi-automated photogrammetric software implementing Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multiview Stereo (MVS) algorithms constitute some cheaper and simpler alternatives. Although, the results of the integration of these types of sensors and techniques are often not evaluated as metric products. The presented research combines the above-mentioned instrumentation and software to implement and evaluate low-cost 3D modeling solutions on heritage science-oriented case studies, but also to perform some first assessments on the resulting models' metric properties, quality of texture and usefulness for further scientific investigations.
3D MODELING OF ROMAN BRIDGE BY THE INTEGRATION OF TERRESTRIAL AND UAV PHOTOGRAMMETRIC SURVEY FOR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS PURPOSE
Authors: Pepe M. , Costantino D. , Crocetto N. , Restuccia Garofalo A.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The 3D survey of the masonry bridges is rather complex and may require the integration of terrestrial and aerial surveys. In fact, in order to perform the survey of the superstructure of a bridge, the photogrammetric survey may be realized by the use UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) since it allows acquiring all the details of the upper part of the bridge. Indeed, especially the extreme lateral parts of the bridge cannot be performed through a traditional terrestrial survey. In addition, the UAV photogrammetry allows speeding up and optimizing work. As regards the terrestrial survey, instead, it has the advantage of being able to use highly performing optics and cameras (high resolution of the sensor, stabilized optics, etc.). However, these types of sensors are quite heavy and, in general, could not be mounted on an aerial platform on commercial and low-cost drones. In any case, beyond the payload of common commercial drones at low cost, there is also the problem that the digital cameras mounted on the UAV platforms cannot observe the arches of the bridge from the bottom upwards by low-cost tools. Therefore, a simple way to build a unique 3D model consists in the integration of terrestrial and aerial surveys; in this way, using a suitable procedure, sensor and software based on the Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi View Stereo (MVS) approaches, it was possible to build detailed, precise and textured three-dimensional models of structures, such as the buildings, historical artefact, bridges etc.In this paper, a case study concerning the construction of a three-dimensional model according a photogrammetric method of a Roman bridge is discussed. In particular, the bridge taken under investigation, belong to the Cultural Heritage, is called “San Cono” and is located in south of Italy. After built the 3D model of masonry bridge (3D point cloud and 3D mesh), it was identified a special procedure that allowed to obtain the model of the bridge suitable for a structural analysis within of dedicate software.
LOW COST TECHNIQUES FOR THE DIGITAL SURVEY OF A MINOAN ARCHITECTURE IN THE ARCHEOLOGICAL SITE OF PHAISTOS (CRETE)
Authors: Aiello D. , Buscemi F. , D'Agostino G. , Galizia M. , Militello P. , Santagati C.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The paper shows the results of an experimentation on the use of low cost tools such as action cameras for the photogrammetric surveying of relevant archaeological sites characterized by the presence of narrow and complex rooms. The archaeological site chosen for this experimentation is the South-Western Quarter, also known as Quartiere Levi, of the Minoan Palace of Phaistos (Crete), one of only two cases of buildings surviving up to the third floor in the Aegean world. The research foresaw the setting up of a pipeline aimed at obtaining a complete scaled, photorealistic and navigable 3D model, with a considerable economy in terms of work time and number of photographs. For this purpose, many efforts have been paid on solving all the issues related to the complexity of the site and on comparing the performances of traditional (Canon EOS 70D) and action (GoPro Black Hero 6) cameras as well as of two of the current most used software in the field.
TOWARDS AN ACCURATE LOW-COST STEREO-BASED NAVIGATION OF UNMANNED PLATFORMS IN GNSS-DENIED AREAS
Authors: Shtain Z. , Filin S.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. While lightweight stereo vision sensors provide detailed and high-resolution information that allows robust and accurate localization, the computation demands required for such process is doubled compared to monocular sensors. In this paper, an alternative model for pose estimation of stereo sensors is introduced which provides an efficient and precise framework for investigating system configurations and maximize pose accuracies. Using the proposed formulation, we examine the parameters that affect accurate pose estimation and their magnitudes and show that for standard operational altitudes of ∼50 m, a five-fold improvement in localization is reached, from ∼0.4–0.5 m with a single sensor to less than 0.1 m by taking advantage of the extended field of view from both cameras. Furthermore, such improvement is reached using cameras with reduced sensor size which are more affordable. Hence, a dual-camera setup improves not only the pose estimation but also enables to use smaller sensors and reduce the overall system cost. Our analysis shows that even a slight modification in camera directions improves the positional accuracy further and yield attitude angle as accurate as ±6’ (compared to ±20’). The proposed pose estimation method relieves computational demands of traditional bundle adjustment processes and is easily integrated with other inertial sensors.
“OLD AND LOW-COST SENSOR” FOR MICROPHOTOGRAMMETRY. CASE STUDY: THE EMPEROR MAXIMIANUS HERCULEUS’ MEDALLION AT THE CORRER MUSEUM (VENICE)
Authors: Berto S. , Salemi G.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The microphotogrammetric survey of the roman emperor Maximianus Herculeus’ medallion, described in this report, demonstrated that, despite the use of an “old” and, nowadays, “low cost” camera sensor it is still possible to obtain a detailed 3D textured model useful for different scientific purposes and virtual enhancement. Here are presented the photogrammetric results reached with the selection of the best solutions in terms of number of images, in order to speed up the entire photogrammetric workflow and pursue the goals previously explained. This medallion is one of the most important examples of roman medallions which belongs to the numismatic collection stored at the Correr Museum in Venice. Its 3D survey was developed as a parallel step of a main project which aims to acquire in three-dimensions, with a structured light scanner, the complete roman collection of medallions. This digitization project proposes to record the volumetric information of these small archaeological remains and to realize an online virtual gallery in the web site of the museum (using 3DHOP, an open source web viewer developed by the Visual Computing Lab of the CNR-ISTI of Pisa). At the end of the microphotogrammetric workflow, a distance analysis was computed to highlight the differences between the meshes obtained with a photogrammetric approach and a structured light scanner.
HYBRID MOBILE AUGMENTED REALITY: WEB-LIKE CONCEPTS APPLIED TO HIGH RESOLUTION 3D OVERLAYS
Authors: Boutsi A.-M. , Ioannidis C. , Soile S.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR) aligns toward current technological advances with more intuitive interfaces, realistic graphic content and flexible development processes. The case of overlaying precise 3D representations exploits their high penetration to induct users to a world where data are perceived as real counterparts. The work presented in this paper integrates web-like concepts with hybrid mobile tools to visualize high-quality and complex 3D geometry on the real environment. The implementation involves two different operational mechanisms: anchors and location-sensitive tracking. Three scenarios, for indoors and outdoors are developed using open-source and with no limit on distribution SDKs, APIs and rendering engines. The JavaScript-driven prototype consolidates some of the overarching principles of AR, such as pose estimation, registration and 3D tracking to an interactive User Interface under the scene graph concept. The 3D overlays are shown to the end user i) on top of an image target ii) on real-world planar surfaces and iii) at predefined points of interest (POI). The evaluation in terms of performance, rendering efficacy and responsiveness is made through various testing strategies: system and trace logs, profiling and ‗end-to-end‖ tests. The final benchmarking elucidates the slow and computationally intensive procedures induced by the big data rendering and optimization patterns are proposed to mitigate the performance impact to the non-native technologies.
Seeking Happiness through Materialism, Gratitude and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from Pakistani Employees, with the Mediatory Role of Feeling Experiences
Authors: - Misbah , Siddiqui Danish Ahmed
Published: November 2019

This research paper proposed a theoretical framework that focused on the link between materialism and dissatisfaction with life. Through modifying J. A. Roberts (2015) model, we proposed that Seeking Happiness through Materialism is associated with positive or negative feeling experiences, and these experiences produce an effect on one’s life satisfaction. Furthermore, we also explored bi-directional impact of gratitude and materialism in two models. In first model, the effect of materialism and life satisfaction was explored with the mediating role of gratitude and feeling experiences, whereas, in second model, the impact of gratitude on life satisfaction was analyzed with the mediation of materialism and experiences. The link was empirically established by collecting the data on 205 employees working in different sectors and professions in Pakistan. Data was collected by means of close ended questionnaire and was analyzed using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Structure Equation Modeling. The results showed a significant effect of materialism in employee’s life satisfaction and gratitude plays a mediating role. The negative relationship between materialism and life satisfaction among employees indicated as materialism increased satisfaction with life decrease. This was experience directly and through the mediation of feeling experiences. Moreover, Materialism negatively affected gratitude. In the second model, Employees having either high gratitude shows less materialism and positive feeling effect, whereas, employees having low gratitude shows high negative feeling effect because they are seeking happiness through material things. Additionally, those employees who are able to appreciate what they have, are happier and enjoying their life. Thus, feelings, gratitude, and materialism are crucial factors influencing employee’s life satisfaction either positively or negatively.
Short communication: Evaluation of tubal patency in repeat breeder Holstein cows
Authors: Garrido María R. , Peña Ana I. , Herradon Pedro G. , Becerra Juan J. , Sande Javier , Quintela Luis A.
Published: November 2019

Aim of study: To evaluate tubal patency in repeat breeder Holstein cows with the purpose of estimating the frequency of oviduct obstruction as a cause of the repeat breeding syndrome.Area of study: Lugo (NW Spain)Material and methods: In 50 repeat breeding cows, a solution of the dye phenol-sulphon-phthalein (PSP) was instilled into one uterine horn with the aid of a balloon catheter. Urine was collected 15, 25 and 45 min post-PSP infusion. Urine of a reddish color was used as indicator of tubal patency, as the PSP had passed across the oviduct into the abdominal cavity and was eliminated in urine. The other oviduct was evaluated on a different day.Main results: Of the 50 cows tested, 44% had some degree of oviduct obstruction: 4% had bilateral oviduct occlusion, 20% unilateral oviduct occlusion, 16% bilateral oviduct stenosis and 4% unilateral oviduct stenosis. No significant relationship could be established between tubal impermeability and postpartum reproductive or metabolic diseases.Research highlights: Tubal stenosis or occlusions were frequent and they are likely to contribute to the repeat breeding syndrome in dairy cows; thus, tubal patency should be routinely evaluated in repeat breeders. The PSP test is easy to perform, well tolerated by animals, and allows evaluating both oviducts separately.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for English Language Teaching Vol 12 No 12
Authors: Yu Gavin
Published: November 2019

Reviewer acknowledgements for English Language Teaching, Vol. 12, No. 12, 2019
Measuring Moral Judgment of Education Profession Ethics Among Pre-Service Teachers of the School of Educational Sciences at the University of Jordan
Authors: Al-Disi Nisreen M. , Rawadieh Saleh Moh’d
Published: November 2019

This study aimed at identifying moral judgment for education profession ethics among pre-service teachers programs of the School of Educational Sciences at the University of Jordan. Accordingly, the researchers developed a Moral Judgment Scale based on Kohlberg (1984), and on the Adult Moral Judgment Scale localized by Abdul-Fattah (2001). The scale consisted of five dilemmas related to ethics in education profession. Validity and reliability of the scale were confirmed. Study population involved (420) students from (5) programs in the academic year 2018/2019. The results of the study showed that the prevailing moral judgement is the second level (conventional morality) of Kohlberg with (308) students of (89.3%), and the fourth stage (Upholding/enforcing norms and laws) with (245) students of (71%) of total students. No students were in the first level, stage 1, stage 2, nor in stage 6. However, significant differences were observed in the level of moral judgment attributable to the academic achievement variable, while no differences were attributable to the program specialization. Moreover, significant differences were found in the moral judgment stages attributable to the academic achievement and students’ program. These findings argue for investment in pre-service teachers’ education to increase their moral judgment during education profession.
Sustainability Indicators: Relevance, Public Policy Support and Challenges
Authors: Batalhao Andre C. S. , Teixeira Denilson , Martins Maria de Fatima , Bellen Hans Michael van , Caldana Adriana Cristina Ferreira
Published: November 2019

Sustainability is a topic that has gained importance in several fields of knowledge, including the public, private and society spheres, based on the discussions that involve the definition of several public policies. Sustainability Indicators (SI) are metrics that seek to measure the level of sustainability and compile information for better decision-making concerning policies, programs, projects and actions related to sustainability. Demonstrated their relevance to public policies the SI appears as an essential tool for evaluating development goals as a sustainable proposal. In this way, this research aimed to discuss the main challenges and methodological limitations found in the use of SI, emphasizing the main fragilities identified in the literature. In methodological terms, the research has exploratory characteristics, supported by the mixed methods approach using a theoretical-empirical analysis, from the available literature on the subject and the methodologies used and the experience of researchers about the topic addressed. The main results demonstrated that Sustainability Indicators are tools that should be used to define, implement, evaluate and monitor public policies at all levels, considering the potentialities/weaknesses and priorities of each context.
The Trends of Al-Balqa' Applied University Students towards Jordanian Woman's Political Participation in Parliamentary Elections
Authors: Irsheid Mohamed Nur Hussein Bani , Nasur Nader Ibrahim Mohammed Bani , Olimat Abeer Rashid , Al-Adwan Wadah Soud
Published: November 2019

This study aimed at investigating Al Balqa' Applied University Students attitude towards Jordanian woman's political participation in parliamentary elections. Researchers used a questionnaire in order to obtain needed data for the study. The sample of the study consisted of (1327) male and female students (589 male) and (738 female) students.

The study posed the following questions:

1) What are the attitudes of Al-Balqa Applied University students towards woman’s participation in politics in Jordan?

2) Are there any statistically significant differences due to gender, college education level, and residency variables?

In order to achieve the study's objectives, researchers used various statistical analyses, such as averages account, triple t - test, and Shiva posteriori comparisons. The study reached the following results:

1) Students attitude towards woman’s political participation in all questionnaire items were medium with means of (3.68).

2) The paragraph that read "woman better able to understand the status of woman" comes in the first place with means of (4.35), and the paragraph that reads "woman’s participation in parliamentary elections increases herself confidence" came in second place with means of (4.17), and The paragraph that reads I support the election of a woman who has high education and culture came in third place with means of (4.14), while the paragraph that reads "woman is well qualified physically and intellectually for political participation" came in the last place, with means of (3.06).

There is statistically significant differences due to gender variable in favor of female student.

There is no statistically significant difference due to residency; there are statistically significant differences due to study level in favor of fourth year students.

There are no statistically significant differences due to college type. Recommendations are expressed.
The King’s Prerogatives in the Jordanian Constitutional System
Authors: al-refaie Ahmad
Published: November 2019

Forms of governments vary depending on the standard we want. In terms of the method of access to government, governments are divided into Republican Governments and Royal Governments. Royal government refers to the government by which the governor takes over governance through inheritance for an indefinite period. As for the Republican government it refers to the government by which the governor takes power through elections and for a defined period.

In this paper, we will recognize the King’s Prerogatives as stated in the Jordanian Constitution as we will recognize the legislative and executive King’s Prerogatives.
Legal Protection for Assignee over Repeated Cession Based on Indonesia Legal System
Authors: Sewu Pan Lindawaty Suherman , Octora Rahel , Veronica Oey Jaya Melizabeth
Published: November 2019

Humans require fundings in fulfilling their needs in life, such as primary, secondary, and tertiary necessities. Funds are used for some purposes such as venture development, working capital, investment, etc. In accordance to the function of bank which is to gather and distribute fundings to the society, banks may distribute such fundings in the form of loan. The granting of loan from banks as creditors is written in a loan agreement document. In fact, there will always be risk of non performing loan, which lead to the process of Cession, to shift the creditor’s right to claim debt payment, from Bank (as Assignor) to a new creditor (as Assignee). Repeated process in assigning right to claim receivables may cause loss to the Assignee, and the right of the Asignee has to be protected by the law. The method used in this study is the juridical normative method on a descriptive analytical nature. The study also uses statue approach and conceptual approach. The aims of this research is to have further review and analysis, about how Indonesian legal system regulates the settlement of credit, related with cession / assignment, which has been done more than once. The conclusion that can be drawn is: Cession is a legal action which causes a main legal consequences, that is shifted right to claim payment of debt, from first creditor to the new creditor. Debtor still have obligation to pay the debt, but now to the new creditor. In fact, cession is done because the first creditor consider several conditions in the debtor, that makes the debt potentially unpaid. The new creditor has to consider and understand the risks before signing cession agreement. Repeated cession has no clear regulation in Indonesia, but it’s commonly done by bankers and credit practicioners. This research sugests: government should issue regulation regarding the implementation of repeated cession, in order to protect the rights of the last Assignee. For bankers and credit practicioners, repeated cession should not be considered as recommended way to solve non-performing loans.
Territorial Diagnosis of Ecotourism in Tunisian Mountain Protected Areas: Stakeholders, Positions and Power Relations
Authors: Olfa Boughamoura , Khelifa Samiha
Published: November 2019

Since the 2000s, projects and studies have been multiplied for the development of ecotourism in Tunisian protected areas. Despite these efforts, the Tunisian case faces several failures. As part of this study, we aim to provide elements of reflection on a contractual scheme for a sustainable territorial development plan by ecotourism, around mountain protected areas in Tunisia. For this reason, we adopted the strategic prospective analysis revealing and analyzing the relationships between the different actors involved in ecotourism in the protected area. A Matrix of Alliances, Conflicts, Tactics and Objectives among MACTOR actors was developed in a participatory way to analyze the actors' strategies. After doing a triangular analysis which consists in to an inventory of the projects and studies about the protected area of Ichkeul and Cape Negro-Jbel Chitana, semi-structured interviews with personals from different sectors, we invited the actors met on the field or mentioned in the projects in a workshop organized in partnership with the General Directorate of Forests in Tunis in order to identify the different categories of actors and analyze the balance of power between them. This analysis is done through a matrix notation system. Eight categories of actors have been identified: international cooperation, resource managers, politic policy etc. Thanks to the matrix notation systems, we have been able in a participative way to classify these eight categories of actors into four types: dominant actors, relay actors, autonomous actors and dominated actors. Thus, the MACTOR method allowed us to identify actors who played a role in the development of ecotourism projects in Tunisia and to be able to diagnose their balance of power. This allowed showing the multidisciplinarity and complexity of the sector as well as the strong influence of certain actors such as international cooperation and public decision-makers. To conclude, the MACTOR analysis of the ecotourism actors in the protected area of Ichkeul and Cap Negro-Jbel Chitana enters into a methodology of prospective territorial analysis in this area to understand the points that caused the failure of several experiments.
Social Policies and the Financing of Social Development Programs in Ecuador
Authors: Nina Dante Ayaviri , Llanos Maria Rivera , Fernandez Gabith Quispe
Published: November 2019

This article explores and examines the social policies implemented in Ecuador, aiming to determine how social programs of education, health and housing impact on social development programs and beneficiary population. For analysis, an econometric model of multiple linear regression is applied, which allows to analyze and demonstrate the relationship between studied variables, in turn, is accompanied by a survey of 146 beneficiaries in communities receiving the programs. The effect of financing such policies – implemented through social programs – has had significant impact on social development programs, as well as on the population receiving them, contributing to well-being and quality of life improvement.
Hotel Energy Application Practices in Abuja Nigeria
Authors: Shehu A. I. , Inuwa I. I. , Husseini I. U. , Yakubu Ibrahim
Published: November 2019

The recent increase in prices of energy resources and effects of global warming propelled the growing relevance of improving energy efficiency especially in an energy intensive industry like hotels. This study examines the hotel energy application practices in Abuja Nigeria. The study administered questionnaires to hoteliers in Abuja Nigeria. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive technique. The results indicate hotels in the study area are of divergent physical and operational characteristics implying varying energy consumption and efficiency positions. The respondents aggregated mean ranking on hotel service provision shows all identified services as excellently or very well provided, except for electricity warmed pools which was ranked neutral. Predominantly three types of energy resources were utilized by hotels in the study area which includes grid supplied electricity, diesel and cooking gas respectively. The study recommends the adoption of Demand side management approach to checkmate guest and staff inefficient behaviors’ in addition to regular energy audits and employing renewable resources to straighten the track of the hotel’s energy consumption towards sustainability.
The Hunger of Nations: An Empirical Study of Inter-relationships among the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
Authors: Larson Paul D. , Larson Natalie M.
Published: November 2019

The United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates that more than 820 million people suffer from chronic undernourishment, and it identifies poverty as the principal cause of hunger. According to the World Bank, 767 million people live on less than $1.90 per day, i.e. below the international poverty line. Other causes of hunger include conflict, political instability, food and agricultural policies and climate change. To these causes, this paper adds gender inequality. The study uses regression analysis of secondary data to test the impact of gender inequality, income and environmental performance on the hunger of nations. Statistical results confirm interrelationships among several of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Policy implications include a call to identify and address root causes of hunger and to adopt a long-term focus.
The Development of a Sustainable Operation Model for Small Non-Community Drinking Water Systems in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Sekercioglu Mehmet Fatih , White Jerry , Shrubsole Dan
Published: November 2019

The provision of safe drinking water in Ontario’s small non-community drinking water systems (SDWSs) poses a challenge for many system owners. Our study aims at developing a sustainable operation model for SDWSs by recognizing the importance of source water protection. Although the current literature on Ontario’s SDWSs is limited, the review of the existing water management strategies in Canada and across the world provided fruitful results to create a unique model for Ontario’s SDWSs using the Multiple-Barrier Approach framework. Our sustainable operation model consists of five main components: 1. Commitment to providing safe drinking water; 2. Assessment of the system and source water; 3. System operation and operator training; 4. Management of incidents and emergencies; 5. Communication and raising awareness. Our model addresses the areas that need more attention for today, and in the future, such as protecting source water, financial stability enhanced communication and increased awareness. A sustainable operation model for SDSWs based on the Multiple-Barrier Approach framework addresses the shortcomings of the current water management framework for SDWSs and offers a viable strategy to establish a sustainable operation model with an integrated approach.
Opolskie voivodeship secondary school students’ knowledge about fetal alcohol syndrome and its determinants
Authors: Szwamel Katarzyna
Published: November 2019

Background: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy may result in a wide range of morphological and neurodevelopmental abnormalities, most notably fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS).
Objectives: To evaluate: (1) Opolskie Voivodeship high school students’ level of knowledge on the subject of FAS (2) the factors contributing to this level of knowledge (3) sources of information about FAS which are accessible and preferred by secondary school students.

Materials and methods: The study was conducted in 2018 among 228 adult students of Opole secondary schools. The authors used a diagnostic survey based on original questions they developed for the study. The students’ knowledge was assessed using a four-level scale (very good, good, sufficient, and insufficient).
Results: Only 37.28% (85) of students surveyed had ever heard of FAS. A total of 135 people (59.21%) had sufficient knowledge, 57 respondents (25.00%) had a good level of knowledge, 28 respondents (12.28%) had insufficient knowledge, and 8 respondents (3.51%) had very good knowledge. The level of women's knowledge was higher than that of men (p=0.001). The majority claimed that there was a need to raise awareness of FAS (77.19%; 176). Respondents indicated they believe teachers (51.75%; 118) and family members (50.88%; 116), followed by health care workers (42.11%; 96) should be primarily responsible for this education.
Conclusions: A definitive minority of those surveyed had a good or very good level of knowledge about FAS, which indicates the necessity of increasing the education level of this group on this specific topic. Taking into account students’ expectations that teachers aid in such education, FAS educational programs should be implemented at schools.
Populismus und Verfassung. Der autoritäre Populismus als Herausforderung für die liberale Demokratie
Authors: Möller Kolja
Published: November 2019

Der Beitrag geht dem Verhältnis von Populismus und Verfassung nach. Populistische Politikformen, so die These, sind kein neues Phänomen, sondern ein konstanter Begleiter des demokratischen Konstitutionalismus: Sie beanspruchen die verfassungsgebende Gewalt des Volkes - die Volkssouveränität - für sich und bringen sie innerhalb des politischen Systems gegen die »Eliten« in Stellung. Der Beitrag zeigt auf, wie sich in unserer Gegenwart eine spezifisch autoritäre Variante des Populismus verbreitet. Insbesondere ist die Rückkehr einer identitären Lesart der Volkssouveränität zu beobachten, die nicht nur die Parlamente und die Öffentlichkeit, sondern auch die Rechts- und Verfassungsdimension ergreift. Versteht man den Populismus nicht zuerst als freistehende Ideologie, sondern als Oppositionsmöglichkeit, die im politischen System und seiner Verfassung angelegt ist, verändert dies den Umgang mit autoritären Populismen: Eine Antwort kann nicht in einer bloß von außen her verfahrenden Kritik bestehen, die den Bezug auf die verfassungsgebende Gewalt des Volkes (pouvoir constituant) still stellt, sondern nur in Kommunikationsformen, die das oppositionelle Moment - die Kritik an der Verselbstständigung der Eliten und Organgewalten - angemessen für die globalisierte Welt respezifizieren.
Kosmopolitismus versus Kommunitarismus: eine neue Konfliktlinie in den Parteiensystemen?
Authors: Decker Frank
Published: November 2019

Der starke Zulauf rechtspopulistischer Parteien wird von manchen Autoren auf die Herausbildung eines vermeintlich neuen Cleavages in den Parteiensystemen zurückgeführt, das zwischen kosmopolitischen und kommunitaristischen Positionen verlaufe. Bei Lichte betrachtet handelt es sich dabei jedoch nur um eine Reformulierung der vorhandenen ökonomischen und kulturellen Konfliktlinien, die begrifflich unscharf bleibt und keinen theoretischen Mehrwert bietet. Um die Veränderung der Parteiensysteme zu verstehen, sollte der Blick auf das jeweilige Gewicht der ökonomischen und kulturellen Konflikte sowie auf deren Wechselbeziehungen gerichtet werden.
Lässt sich Carl Schmitts Verfassungsverständnis entnazifizieren? Oder: Carl Schmitts doppeldeutiger Begriff des »bürgerlichen Rechtsstaats«
Authors: Reiß Tim
Published: November 2019

Der Beitrag wendet sich kritisch gegen Versuche, Schmitts Verfassungstheorie zu einer normativ attraktiven Theorie des wehrhaften Liberalismus zu stilisieren. Es wird im Zuge einer genauen Lektüre seiner verfassungsrechtlichen Schriften nachgewiesen, dass Schmitts »Verteidigung« der Weimarer Reichsverfassung eine fundamentale Doppeldeutigkeit im Begriff des »bürgerlichen Rechtsstaats« zugrunde liegt. Schmitt interpretiert den Rechtsstaat zu einer institutionellen Gesamt-Garantie der bürgerlichen Gesellschaftsordnung um. Dieses Verfassungsverständnis lässt sich nicht liberalisieren. Seine Aktualität liegt auf einer anderen Ebene: Es sensibilisiert für den Zusammenhang von »autoritärem Liberalismus« und »illiberaler Demokratie«.
Wie viel Zeitautonomie bieten flexible Arbeitszeiten?
Authors: Seifert Hartmut
Published: November 2019

Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, inwieweit flexible Arbeitszeitformen den Beschäftigten Zeitautonomie bieten. Dabei wird der Stand der empirischen Forschung diskutiert und Forschungsdefizite werden dargelegt. Für die am stärksten verbreitete Form flexibler Arbeitszeit, Zeitkonten, zeigen Dokumentenanalysen von knapp 600 Betriebs- und Dienstvereinbarungen ein gewisses Potenzial für Zeitautonomie, das aber durch betriebliche Belange jederzeit begrenzt werden kann. Neuere gesetzliche und tarifliche Regelungen über Arbeitszeitoptionen versprechen mehr Zeitautonomie, weil sie im Unterschied zu Zeitkonten den Beschäftigten verbriefte Rechte einräumen. Insgesamt aber steckt die empirische Forschung über Zeitautonomie noch in den Anfängen. Vor allem methodisch ist sie defizitär.
The Value Adding Web Concept of Clusters – Strengthening and Extending the Fundament: Resources, Capabilities and Rents
Authors: Royer Susanne , Gretzinger Susanne , Brown Kerry
Published: November 2019

A sound understanding of the key resources and capabilities that span firm boundaries in regional clusters is important for firms embedded in networked structures to exploit strategic opportunities and manage associated challenges. A resource-based perspective of value creation in clusters to develop a better conceptualisation of strategic competitive advantage on different levels is also a relevant topic from a strategic management perspective. Therefore, the aim of this research is to strengthen and extend a resource-oriented perspective on clusters, according to the value adding web (VAW) approach developed by Brown et al. (e.g., 2008, 2010). This contribution complements the state of the art of contemporary concepts with a coherent fundament for the resource-based value adding web concept and thereby develops the basis for further empirical studies. In this conceptual paper, we focus on the interaction between actors and relationships as sources for value creation within clusters as well as gaining a better understanding of value creation based on shared relational resources. We illustrate this approach through a discussion of a maritime cluster. Specifically the role of social capital and the relevance of knowledge-related resources on different cluster levels is elaborated. Building on a descriptive and theoretical fundament, we present a set of propositions reflecting our chain of arguments.
Investigating the influence of consumer socio-demographic characteristics on the preferred type of consumption experience
Authors: Kacprzak Agnieszka , Dziewanowska Katarzyna
Published: November 2019

The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of consumers’ socio-demographic characteristics on their preferred types of experiences. A quantitative study (CATI) on a representative sample of 1045 Polish consumers was conducted to achieve the research objective. The results of the study show that Polish consumers are interested mostly in immersive and passive participation in consumption experiences. Demographic variables such as gender, age, income and place of residence appear to have a statistically significant influence on the preferred type of consumption experience. The conducted research contributes to the discussion on understanding the dimensions of the consumer experience.