bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cohort profile: health effects monitoring programme in Ndilǫ, Dettah and Yellowknife (YKHEMP)
Authors: Chan Hing Man , Hu Xue Feng , Cheung Janet S. , Parajuli Rajendra Prasad , Rosol Renata , Yumvihoze Emmanuel , Williams Linna , Mohapatra Asish
Published: September 2020

Purpose

The Yellowknife Health Effects Monitoring Programme (YKHEMP) was established to examine the relationship of exposure to arsenic and other chemicals of potential concern such as antimony, cadmium, lead, manganese and vanadium and health outcomes.

Participants

A total of 2037 individuals were recruited, including children (age 3–19) and adults (age 20+), residing in Dettah, Ndilǫ and Yellowknife, in the Northwest Territories, Canada, in two waves in Fall 2017 and Spring 2018. In Yellowknife, there were 891 (675 adults, 216 children), randomly selected participants with a participation rate of 64%. In addition, we also recruited a total of 875 (669 adults, 206 children) volunteer participants. A total of 225 (137 adults, 88 children) of the Yellowknives Dene First Nation (YKDFN), and 46 (33 adults, 13 children) of the North Slave Métis Alliance participated in the study. Each participant answered a lifestyle questionnaire as well as provided toenail clippings and urine for contaminant testing and saliva samples for testing of genetic polymorphisms associated with arsenic metabolism. Participants also provided consent to have their medical records reviewed by the research team for the past 5 years to allow for the investigation between exposure and health outcomes.

Findings to date

The adult YKHEMP participants had lower urinary total arsenic but the children had higher inorganic arsenic than the general Canadian population. There was no difference in urinary total arsenic concentrations between adults and children, however, urinary inorganic arsenic concentrations were generally higher in children than in adults in all four YKHEMP sampling groups. The adult YKDFN participants had lower urinary total arsenic and inorganic arsenic concentrations compared with the random selected and volunteer participants.

Future plans

YKHEMP is designed as a prospective cohort study; the children participants will be re-examined in 2022 and both adult and children participants in 2027.
Systematic review of the impact of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease on mortality and adverse clinical outcomes for individuals with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Hydes Theresa , Buchanan Ryan , Kennedy Oliver J , Fraser Simon , Parkes Julie , Roderick Paul
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To investigate if non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) impacts mortality and adverse outcomes for individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Design

Systematic review.

Data sources

PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science were searched up to 1 February 2020 with no restriction on the earliest date.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Observational cohort studies that reported either the risk of all-cause mortality, incidence of non-fatal cardiovascular events (CVE) or progression of kidney disease among adults with established CKD who have NAFLD compared with those without.

Data extraction and synthesis

Two reviewers extracted data and assessed bias independently.

Results

Of 2604 records identified, 3 studies were included (UK (n=852), South Korea (n=1525) and USA (n=1413)). All were judged to have a low or moderate risk of bias. Data were insufficient for meta-analysis. Two studies examined the influence of NAFLD on all-cause mortality. One reported a significant positive association for NAFLD with all-cause mortality for individuals with CKD (p<0.05) (cardiovascular-related mortality p=ns), which was lost following adjustment for metabolic risk factors; the second reported no effect in adjusted and unadjusted models. The latter was the only study to report outcomes for non-fatal CVEs and observed NAFLD to be an independent risk factor for this (propensity-matched HR=2.00, p=0.02). Two studies examined CKD progression; in one adjusted rate of percentage decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate per year was found to be increased in those with NAFLD (p=0.002), whereas the other found no significant difference.

Conclusions

Few studies have examined the influence of NAFLD on prognosis and major adverse clinical outcomes within the CKD population. The studies identified were diverse in design and results were conflicting. This should be a focus for future research as both conditions continue to rise in prevalence and have end-stage events associated with significant health and economic costs.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020166508.
Population Health Management to identify and characterise ongoing health need for high-risk individuals shielded from COVID-19: a cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Kenward Charlie , Pratt Adrian , Creavin Sam , Wood Richard , Cooper Jennifer A
Published: September 2020

Objectives

To use Population Health Management (PHM) methods to identify and characterise individuals at high-risk of severe COVID-19 for which shielding is required, for the purposes of managing ongoing health needs and mitigating potential shielding-induced harm.

Design

Individuals at ‘high risk’ of COVID-19 were identified using the published national ‘Shielded Patient List’ criteria. Individual-level information, including current chronic conditions, historical healthcare utilisation and demographic and socioeconomic status, was used for descriptive analyses of this group using PHM methods. Segmentation used k-prototypes cluster analysis.

Setting

A major healthcare system in the South West of England, for which linked primary, secondary, community and mental health data are available in a system-wide dataset. The study was performed at a time considered to be relatively early in the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK.

Participants

1 013 940 individuals from 78 contributing general practices.

Results

Compared with the groups considered at ‘low’ and ‘moderate’ risk (ie, eligible for the annual influenza vaccination), individuals at high risk were older (median age: 68 years (IQR: 55–77 years), cf 30 years (18–44 years) and 63 years (38–73 years), respectively), with more primary care/community contacts in the previous year (median contacts: 5 (2–10), cf 0 (0–2) and 2 (0–5)) and had a higher burden of comorbidity (median Charlson Score: 4 (3–6), cf 0 (0–0) and 2 (1–4)). Geospatial analyses revealed that 3.3% of rural and semi-rural residents were in the high-risk group compared with 2.91% of urban and inner-city residents (p<0.001). Segmentation uncovered six distinct clusters comprising the high-risk population, with key differentiation based on age and the presence of cancer, respiratory, and mental health conditions.

Conclusions

PHM methods are useful in characterising the needs of individuals requiring shielding. Segmentation of the high-risk population identified groups with distinct characteristics that may benefit from a more tailored response from health and care providers and policy-makers.
High-resolution image-guided WEB aneurysm embolization by high-frequency optical coherence tomography
Authors: Vardar Zeynep , King Robert M , Kraitem Afif , Langan Erin T , Peterson Lindsy M , Duncan Benjamin H , Raskett Christopher M , Anagnostakou Vania , Gounis Matthew J , Puri Ajit S , Ughi Giovanni J
Published: September 2020

Background

High-frequency optical coherence tomography (HF-OCT) is an intra-vascular imaging technique capable of assessing device-vessel interactions at spatial resolution approaching 10 µm. We tested the hypothesis that adequately deployed Woven EndoBridge (WEB) devices as visualized by HF-OCT lead to higher aneurysm occlusion rates.

Methods

In a leporine model, elastase-induced aneurysms (n=24) were treated with the WEB device. HF-OCT and digital subtraction angiography (DSA) were performed following WEB deployment and repeated at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Protrusion (0-present, 1-absent) and malapposition (0-malapposed, 1-neck apposition >50%) were binary coded. A device was considered ‘adequately deployed’ by HF-OCT and DSA if apposed and non-protruding. Aneurysm healing on DSA was reported using the 4-point WEB occlusion score: A or B grades were considered positive outcome. Neointimal coverage was quantified on HF-OCT images at 12 weeks and compared with scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Results

Adequate deployment on HF-OCT correlated with positive outcome (P=0.007), but no statistically significant relationship was found between good outcome and adequate deployment on DSA (P=0.289). Absence of protrusion on HF-OCT correlated with a positive outcome (P=0.006); however, malapposition alone had no significant relationship (P=0.19). HF-OCT showed a strong correlation with SEM for the assessment of areas of neointimal tissue (R²=0.96; P<0.001). More neointimal coverage of 78%±32% was found on ‘adequate deployment’ cases versus 31%±24% for the ‘inadequate deployment’ cases (P=0.001).

Conclusion

HF-OCT visualizes features that can determine adequate device deployment to prognosticate early aneurysm occlusion following WEB implantation and can be used to longitudinally monitor aneurysm healing progression.
Endovascular treatment as the main approach for Spetzler–Martin grade III brain arteriovenous malformations
Authors: Baharvahdat Humain , Blanc Raphaël , Fahed Robert , Pooyan Ashkan , Mowla Ashkan , Escalard Simon , Delvoye François , Desilles Jean Philippe , Redjem Hocine , Ciccio Gabriele , Smajda Stanislas , Hamdani Mylène , Mazighi Mikael , Piotin Michel
Published: September 2020

Background

Because Spetzler–Martin (SM) grade III brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions with various combination of sizes, eloquence, and venous drainage patterns, their management is usually challenging. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical/imaging outcomes and the procedural safety of endovascular approach as the main treatment for the cure of SM grade III bAVMs.

Methods

In this retrospective study, prospectively collected data of SM grade III bAVMs treated by endovascular techniques between 2010 and 2018 at our hospital were reviewed. Patients older than 16 years with angiographic follow-up of at least 6 months after endovascular treatment were entered in the study. The patients had a mean follow-up of 12 months. The data were assessed for clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale), permanent neurological deficit, post-operative complications, and optimal imaging outcome, defined by complete exclusion of AVM. The independent predictive variables of poor outcome or hemorrhagic complication were assessed using binary logistic regression.

Results

Sixty-five patients with 65 AVMs were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 40.0±14.4. Most common presentation was hemorrhage (61.5%). The patients underwent one to eight endovascular procedures (median=2). Mean nidus diameter was 30.2±13.0. A complete obliteration of AVM was achieved in 57 patients (87.7%). Post-procedure significant hemorrhagic and ischemic complications were seen in 13 (20%) and five (7.7%) patients respectively, leading to five (7.7%) transient and four (6.2%) permanent neurological deficits. Eight patients (12.3%) experienced worsening of mRS after embolization. Ten patients (15.4%) had poor outcome (mRS 3–5) at follow-up and two (3%) died.

Conclusions

Endovascular treatment can achieve a high rate of complete exclusion of grade III AVM but may be associated (as in other treatment modalities) with significant important complications.

Clinical trial registration number

NCT02879071.
Proposed α-cut CUSUM and EWMA Control Charts for Fuzzy Response Observations
Authors: Al-Refaie Abbas , Abbasi Ghaleb , Ghanim Dina
Published: September 2020

This research proposesalpha ([Formula: see text]-cut Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) and Cumulative Sum (CUSUM) control charts with fuzzy response observations in a manufacturing process under the existence of mean shift utilizing the fuzzy logic. In this research, the replicate’s observation is a fuzzy number represented by a triangular membership function, with the lower, average, and upper observation values. The fuzzy numbers are then normalized and assigned as input to the fuzzy logic, while a common output measure (COM) value is the output. Finally, the original values of the COM values are employed in developing the EWMA and CUSUM control charts with different [Formula: see text]-cut values. Three real case studies are adopted to illustrate the proposed EWMA and CUSUM control charts; including piston inside diameter, cap’s angel, and tablet weight. Results showed that the proposed EWMA and CUSUM control charts efficiently monitor fuzzy observations and detect the shift in process means. Moreover, the amount mean shift and [Formula: see text]-cut values affect the decision on process condition. In conclusion, the proposed approach is found effective in monitoring quality characteristic of fuzzy observations under mean shift which can be applied in a wide range of business applications.
A Survey on Energy Expenditure Estimation Using Wearable Devices
Authors: Álvarez-García Juan A. , Cvetković Božidara , Luštrek Mitja
Published: September 2020

Human Energy Expenditure (EE) is a valuable tool for measuring physical activity and its impact on our body in an objective way. To accurately measure the EE, there are methods such as doubly labeled water and direct and indirect calorimetry, but their cost and practical limitations make them suitable only for research and professional sports. This situation, combined with the proliferation of commercial activity monitors, has stimulated the research of EE estimation (EEE) using machine learning on multimodal data from wearable devices. The article provides an overview of existing work in this evolving field, categorizes it, and makes publicly available an EEE dataset. Such a dataset is one of the most valuable resources for the development of the field but is generally not provided by researchers due to the high cost of collection. Finally, the article highlights best practices and promising future direction for designing EEE methods.
A Taxonomy and Survey of Power Models and Power Modeling for Cloud Servers
Authors: Lin Weiwei , Shi Fang , Wu Wentai , Li Keqin , Wu Guangxin , Mohammed Al-Alas
Published: September 2020

Due to the increasing demand of cloud resources, the ever-increasing number and scale of cloud data centers make their massive power consumption a prominent issue today. Evidence reveals that the behaviors of cloud servers make the major impact on data centers’ power consumption. Although extensive research can be found in this context, a systematic review of the models and modeling methods for the entire hierarchy (from underlying hardware components to the upper-layer applications) of the cloud server is still missing, which is supposed to cover the relevant studies on physical and virtual cloud server instances, server components, and cloud applications. In this article, we summarize a broad range of relevant studies from three perspectives: power data acquisition, power models, and power modeling methods for cloud servers (including bare-metal, virtual machine (VM), and container instances). We present a comprehensive taxonomy on the collection methods of server-level power data, the existing mainstream power models at multiple levels from hardware to software and application, and commonly used methods for modeling power consumption including classical regression analysis and emerging methods like reinforcement learning. Throughout the work, we introduce a variety of models and methods, illustrating their implementation, usability, and applicability while discussing the limitations of existing approaches and possible ways of improvement. Apart from reviewing existing studies on server power models and modeling methods, we further figure out several open challenges and possible research directions, such as the study on modeling the power consumption of lightweight virtual units like unikernel and the necessity of further explorations toward empowering server power estimation/prediction with machine learning. As power monitoring is drawing increasing attention from cloud service providers (CSPs), this survey provides useful guidelines on server power modeling and can be inspiring for further research on energy-efficient data centers.
Causality-based Feature Selection
Authors: Yu Kui , Guo Xianjie , Liu Lin , Li Jiuyong , Wang Hao , Ling Zhaolong , Wu Xindong
Published: September 2020

Feature selection is a crucial preprocessing step in data analytics and machine learning. Classical feature selection algorithms select features based on the correlations between predictive features and the class variable and do not attempt to capture causal relationships between them. It has been shown that the knowledge about the causal relationships between features and the class variable has potential benefits for building interpretable and robust prediction models, since causal relationships imply the underlying mechanism of a system. Consequently, causality-based feature selection has gradually attracted greater attentions and many algorithms have been proposed. In this article, we present a comprehensive review of recent advances in causality-based feature selection. To facilitate the development of new algorithms in the research area and make it easy for the comparisons between new methods and existing ones, we develop the first open-source package, called CausalFS, which consists of most of the representative causality-based feature selection algorithms (available at https://github.com/kuiy/CausalFS). Using CausalFS, we conduct extensive experiments to compare the representative algorithms with both synthetic and real-world datasets. Finally, we discuss some challenging problems to be tackled in future research.
Unveiling the Mystery of Internet Packet Forwarding
Authors: Bu Kai , Laird Avery , Yang Yutian , Cheng Linfeng , Luo Jiaqing , Li Yingjiu , Ren Kui
Published: September 2020

Validating the network paths taken by packets is critical in constructing a secure Internet architecture. Any feasible solution must both enforce packet forwarding along end-host specified paths and verify whether packets have taken those paths. However, the current Internet supports neither enforcement nor verification. Likely due to the radical changes to the Internet architecture and a long-standing confusion between routing and forwarding, only limited solutions for path validation exist in the literature. This survey article aims to reinvigorate research on the essential topic of path validation by crystallizing not only how path validation works but also where seemingly qualified solutions fall short. The analyses explore future research directions in path validation aimed at improving security, privacy, and efficiency.
Removing Kode
Authors: Neville-Neil George V.
Published: September 2020

Removing dead code from systems is one of KV's favorite koding pastimes because there is nothing quite like that feeling you get when you get rid of something you know wasn't being used. Code removal is like cleaning house, only sometimes you clean house with a flame thrower, which, honestly, is very satisfying. Since you're using a version-control system (you had better be using a VCS!), it's very easy to remove code without worry. If you ever need the code you removed, you can retrieve it from the VCS at will.
Circadian mutant mice with obesity and metabolic syndrome are resilient to cardiovascular disease
Authors: Reitz Cristine J. , Alibhai Faisal J. , de Lima-Seolin Bruna Gazzi , Nemec-Bakk Ashley , Khaper Neelam , Martino Tami A.
Published: September 2020

We examined whether obesity and metabolic syndrome underlie the development of cardiac dysfunction in circadian mutant ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice. Surprisingly, we demonstrate that although ClockΔ19/Δ19 mice develop metabolic dysfunction, they are protected from cardiac hypertrophy, left ventricular remodeling, and diastolic dysfunction, in contrast to wild-type controls, even when challenged with a chronic high-fat diet. These findings shed new light on the circadian regulation of oxidative stress pathways that can mediate resilience to cardiovascular disease.
Intestinal barrier dysfunction as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular disease
Authors: Lewis Caitlin V. , Taylor W. Robert
Published: September 2020

The gut microbiome and intestinal dysfunction have emerged as potential contributors to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Alterations in gut microbiome are well documented in hypertension, atherosclerosis, and heart failure and have been investigated as a therapeutic target. However, a perhaps underappreciated but related role for intestinal barrier function has become evident. Increased intestinal permeability is observed in patients and mouse models of CVD. This increased intestinal permeability can enhance systemic inflammation, alter gut immune function, and has been demonstrated as predictive of adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The goal of this review is to examine the evidence supporting a role for intestinal barrier function in cardiovascular disease and its prospect as a novel therapeutic target. We outline key studies that have investigated intestinal permeability in hypertension, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, heart failure, and myocardial infarction. We highlight the central mechanisms involved in the breakdown of barrier function and look at emerging evidence for restored barrier function as a contributor to promising treatment strategies such as short chain fatty acid, probiotic, and renin angiotensin system-targeted therapeutics. Recent studies of more selective targeting of the intestinal barrier to improve disease outcomes are also examined. We suggest that although current data supporting a contribution of intestinal permeability to CVD pathogenesis are largely associative, it appears to be a promising avenue for further investigation. Additional studies of the mechanisms of barrier restoration in CVD and testing of intestinal barrier-targeted compounds will be required to confirm their potential as a new class of CVD therapeutic.
Effects of long-term intradialytic oral nutrition and exercise on muscle protein homeostasis and markers of mitochondrial content in patients on hemodialysis
Authors: Gamboa Jorge L. , Deger Serpil Muge , Perkins Bradley W. , Mambungu Cindy , Sha Feng , Mason Olivia J. , Stewart Thomas G. , Ikizler T. Alp
Published: September 2020

Patients with end-stage kidney disease on maintenance hemodialysis commonly develop protein-energy wasting, a syndrome characterized by nutritional and metabolic abnormalities. Nutritional supplementation and exercise are recommended to prevent protein-energy wasting. In a 6-mo prospective randomized, open-label, clinical trial, we reported that the combination of resistance exercise and nutritional supplementation does not have an additive effect on lean body mass measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. To provide more mechanistic data, we performed a secondary analysis where we hypothesized that the combination of nutritional supplementation and resistance exercise would have additive effects on muscle protein accretion by stable isotope protein kinetic experiments, muscle mass by MRI, and mitochondrial content markers in muscle. We found that 6 mo of nutritional supplementation during hemodialysis increased muscle protein net balance [baseline: 2.5 (−17.8, 13.0) µg·100 mL−1·min−1 vs. 6 mo: 43.7 (13.0, 98.5) µg·100 mL−1·min−1, median (interquartile range), P = 0.04] and mid-thigh fat area [baseline: 162.3 (104.7, 226.6) cm2 vs. 6 mo: 181.9 (126.3, 279.2) cm2, median (interquartile range), P = 0.04]. Three months of nutritional supplementation also increased markers of mitochondrial content in muscle. Although the study is underpowered to detected differences, the combination of nutritional supplementation and exercise failed to show further benefit in protein accretion or muscle cross-sectional area. We conclude that long-term nutritional supplementation increases the skeletal muscle anabolic effect, the fat cross-sectional area of the thigh, and markers of mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle.
Cerebral blood flow regulation in end-stage kidney disease
Authors: Sprick Justin D. , Nocera Joe R. , Hajjar Ihab , O’Neill W. Charles , Bailey James , Park Jeanie
Published: September 2020

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) experience an increased risk of cerebrovascular disease and cognitive dysfunction. Hemodialysis (HD), a major modality of renal replacement therapy in ESKD, can cause rapid changes in blood pressure, osmolality, and acid-base balance that collectively present a unique stress to the cerebral vasculature. This review presents an update regarding cerebral blood flow (CBF) regulation in CKD and ESKD and how the maintenance of cerebral oxygenation may be compromised during HD. Patients with ESKD exhibit decreased cerebral oxygen delivery due to anemia, despite cerebral hyperperfusion at rest. Cerebral oxygenation further declines during HD due to reductions in CBF, and this may induce cerebral ischemia or “stunning.” Intradialytic reductions in CBF are driven by decreases in cerebral perfusion pressure that may be partially opposed by bicarbonate shifts during dialysis. Intradialytic reductions in CBF have been related to several variables that are routinely measured in clinical practice including ultrafiltration rate and blood pressure. However, the role of compensatory cerebrovascular regulatory mechanisms during HD remains relatively unexplored. In particular, cerebral autoregulation can oppose reductions in CBF driven by reductions in systemic blood pressure, while cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2may attenuate intradialytic reductions in CBF through promoting cerebral vasodilation. However, whether these mechanisms are effective in ESKD and during HD remain relatively unexplored. Important areas for future work include investigating potential alterations in cerebrovascular regulation in CKD and ESKD and how key regulatory mechanisms are engaged and integrated during HD to modulate intradialytic declines in CBF.
Diagnosis and Exercise Rehabilitation of Knee Joint Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Based on 3D-CT Reconstruction
Authors: Zhang Shunchao , Lv Zhihan
Published: September 2020

The joint capsule of the knee joint is attached to the edges of various articular surfaces and is thin and loose. Therefore, ligament reinforcement is needed to protect the knee joint and increase the stability of the joint. It plays a vital role in human activities. In this paper, a 3D-CT three-dimensional reconstruction method is used to reconstruct the ACL natural femoral imprint and double-bone tract. The relative positional relationship between the two center points is compared, and the law is summarized to guide the improvement of ACL anatomic double-beam reconstruction under arthroscopy. The 3D reconstruction results suggest that the bone layer in the anterior medial portion is the thickest, forming a peak, and the thickness of the bone layer in the posterior medial portion gradually decreases in a stepwise manner. The entire bone tissue in the anterior medial portion and posterior medial portion is integrated into one body. The tissues are connected as a whole, and the thickness is relatively uniform. The two parts of the bone tissues are not connected. The CF tissue was inserted into the bone tissue in a zigzag pattern. The changes of CF tissues in the anterior medial and posteromedial CF tissues were similar, and they were distributed stepwise from the inside to the outside. According to the bone and CF spatial structure and changing rules, ACL is divided into medial and lateral beams. According to this study, it can be summarized that (1) 3D reconstruction can clearly reconstruct the natural footprint of ACL femoral stops and postoperative osseous position and (2) 3D reconstruction can be used to evaluate the position of osseous postoperative ACL anatomic double-beam reconstruction. Arthroscopy double-beam reconstruction of ACL is instructive.
Hierarchical Multiobjective Dispatching Strategy for the Microgrid System Using Modified MOEA/D
Authors: Wan Xiaofeng , Lian Hai , Ding Xiaohua , Peng Jin , Wu Yining , Li Xin
Published: September 2020

The large-scale electric vehicles connected to the microgrid have brought various challenges to the safe and economic operation of the microgrid. In this paper, a hierarchical microgrid dispatching strategy considering the user-side demand is proposed. According to the operation characteristics of each dispatch unit, the strategy divides the microgrid system into two levels: source-load level and source-grid-load level. At the source-load level, priority should be given to the use of the renewable energy output. On the basis of considering the user demand, energy storage, electric vehicles, and dispatchable loads should be utilized to maximize the consumption of the renewable energy and minimize the user’s electricity cost. The source-grid-load level can smooth the tie-line power fluctuation through dispatching of the power grid and diesel generators. Furthermore, the study presents a modified MOEA/D algorithm to solve the hierarchical scheduling problem. In the proposed algorithm, a modified Tchebycheff decomposition method is introduced to obtain uniformly distributed solutions. In addition, initialization and replacement strategies are introduced to enhance the convergence and diversity. A wind-photovoltaic-diesel-storage hybrid power system is considered to verify the performance of the proposed dispatching strategy and the modified algorithm. The obtained results are compared with other dispatching approaches, and the comparisons confirm the effectiveness and scientificity of the proposed strategy and algorithm.
Research and Analysis of Sports Training Real-Time Monitoring System Based on Mobile Artificial Intelligence Terminal
Authors: Ma Biao , Nie Shangqi , Ji Minghui , Song Jeho , Wang Wei
Published: September 2020

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, related technologies and applications come into being, and industries based on artificial intelligence are booming, among which image recognition and target tracking technologies are widely used in various fields, especially in the fields of security monitoring and augmented reality. In this paper, combined with the characteristics of athletes, based on mobile artificial intelligence terminal technology, the C/S mode of athlete training process monitoring system is developed and designed, which uses GPS to obtain the real-time position information of athletes and provide real-time guidance for athletes. In order to reveal the changing rules of various indexes of athletes in training state, the author makes synchronous tracking analysis from the aspects of individual sports function characteristics of athletes, training plan arrangement of coaches, brain function state, routine physiological and biochemical indexes, nutrition regulation, and injury conditions.
What Is Gratitude? Ingratitude Provides the Answer
Authors: Navarro Jessica L. , Tudge Jonathan R.H.
Published: September 2020

Current scholarship on “gratitude” has largely ignored its opposite – ingratitude. As a result, gratitude is no longer distinguishable from constructs such as appreciation and happiness. This was not the case over previous centuries – ingratitude was viewed as something monstrous, a failure to reciprocate would loosen the bonds holding society together. The opposite, gratitude, was seen as a virtue. Reciprocity has come under attack because “obligation” has been understood in only one of two possible senses. The first relates to contracts and justice – one has a heteronomous obligation to pay off a debt or fulfill a contract. The second is a sense of obligation that comes from within, autonomously – the desire to help those that have helped us. Here, we argue, is where gratitude and ingratitude are situated. This view has two important consequences; one relates to the measurement of gratitude and the other to raising youth to be grateful people.
Os significados de uma Unidade de Acolhimento transitória para usuários de drogas
Authors: Foppa Diogo Fiorello , Grigolo Tânia Maris
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: este estudo teve como objetivo compreender os significados da experiência do acolhimento residencial transitório, em uma Unidade de Acolhimento, da perspectiva dos usuários. Método: para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa utilizando-se da etnografia como estratégia metodológica. O procedimento de coleta de dados envolveu a observação participante com o total de doze usuários eentrevistas abertas com sete destes. A análise foi feita por meio da triangulação dos dados e, para a apresentação, utilizou-se da História Natural da Pesquisa. Resultados: os resultados apontaram que a unidade representa um local de vínculo, com possibilidade do cuidado de si e em liberdade, além da possibilidade da redução do uso de drogas. Conclusão: concluiu-se que se trata de um espaço potenteque pode ser utilizado tanto para a saída efetiva quanto apenas temporária das ruas.
Características clínicas de usuários abusivos de substâncias psicoativas internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva
Authors: Pereira Gabriela Botelho , Silveira Karine Langmantel , Borges Carla Luciane dos Santos , Oliveira Michele Mandagará de
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: descrever as causas de internação e comorbidades de pacientes com diagnóstico de abuso/dependência de substâncias psicoativas internados em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: estudo retrospectivo, descritivoexploratório, transversal e quantitativo. Resultados: pesquisaram-se 865 prontuários entre 2012 e 2015, e a prevalência de uso de substâncias foi de 51,9%. Destes, 22% são usuários de álcool e 48,7%, de tabaco. Entre os usuários com dependência diagnosticada, as principais causas de internação encontradas foram doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (100%) e hemorragia digestiva (84%), e a maioria dos pacientes apresentou mais do que uma comorbidade simultaneamente. Conclusão: os resultados apontaram inúmeras causas de internação e comorbidades que demonstraram o comprometimento físico e psíquicoque pode estar relacionado ao consumo excessivo de substâncias psicoativas.
Estudo das propriedades psicométricas do Addiction Severity Index (ASI): revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Fernandes Lídia Reis , Sartes Laisa Marcorela Andreoli , Ferreira Maira Leon
Published: September 2020

Introdução: O Addiction Severity Index (ASI) é um instrumento que permite avaliar informações sobre vários aspectos da vida de pessoas com problemas associados ao uso de álcool e outras drogas.  Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura das propriedades psicométricas do ASI. Método: Foram incluídos estudos indexados nas bases de dados Pubmed, PsycInfo, Scielo e Lilacs, que abordavam estudos de avaliação psicométrica da quitna e sexta versão do ASI. Resultados: Descritos em categorias classificadas quanto ao número de métodos de análises, mostram manuscritos de diversos países que utilizaram métodos clássicos para as análises de validação e confiabilidade da quinta e da sexta versão do ASI. Ambas as versões apresentaram boas propriedades psicométricas, embora algumas áreas, apresentaram algumas limitações quanto à confiabilidade e a consistência interna. A maioria dos estudos mostra uma correlação moderada entre os escores sumários do ASI e outros instrumentos.  As análises apoiaram a multidimensionalidade do ASI, porém, tiveram algumas exceções. Conclusão: Apesar das limitações, o ASI é utilizado amplamente em todo o mundo, por profissionais de diferentes áreas, psicólogos, enfermeiros, assistentes sociais e psiquiatras.  Tem auxiliado clínicos e pesquisadores, contribuindo para a elaboração de um plano terapêutico, determinando as prioridades clínicas, bem como o manejo dessas.
Simulation model for bull:cow ratio in beef cattle
Authors: Filipini Valdir Trindade , Isola José Victor Vieira , Neves Adriana Pires , Barbosa Marlon Risso , Wienke Barbara Cristina dos Santos , Scherer Natálie Pontes , Fontoura Júnior José Acélio Silveira da
Published: September 2020

The most used reproduction method in beef cattle in Brazil is natural breeding, which corresponds to 84% of calves born. Breeders adopt the bull:cow ratio of 1:25, which results in a sub utilization of bulls, making natural breeding antieconomic and underestimating the reproductive ability of competent bulls. The bull:cow ratio is determined by several factors, such as climate and nutrition, but the most determining factor is the fertility of the bull, estimated with more precision through breeding soundness examination of bulls. The aim of this study was to develop a simulation model as an aid to choose the best bull:cow ratio according to the combination of the many factors that determine this ratio. It is a conceptual, empiric, static, and determinist model which, through the processing of the input data, simulates the best BCR. Developed on the Vensim PLE 6.1 software, the model describes variables related to bulls and cows. Two equations were generated to predict the mating potential of males. In the same way, according to the reproductive status of females, equations were generated to predict the cyclicity rate of the cows. The sum of these equations originated the one that determines BCR according to the reproductive status of females. This model might serve as a tool to support decisions as to the best BCR and could be used with several combinations of models´ characteristics.
Gestantes em uso de substâncias psicoativas atendidas por enfermeiros na Atenção Primária à Saúde
Authors: Peters Ângela Aparecida , Cruzeiro Hugo Ramalho , Bertolini Otávia Gonçalves Paulino , Assis Giselle Paula , Silva Adriana Dias , Peres Maria Angélica Almeida
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: discorrer sobre o pré-natal realizado por enfermeiros na Atenção Primária à Saúde a gestantesusuárias de substâncias psicoativas. Método: estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado em seis Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde em um município de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada com nove enfermeiros que realizavam consultas de pré-natal. A técnica de análise do conteúdo foi utilizada para o tratamento dos dados. Resultados: dificuldades com a adesão das gestantes ao pré-natal e sua participação em grupos educativos. Os enfermeiros também identificaram as substâncias psicoativas mais utilizadas pelas gestantes e relataram abordar os malefícios do uso das substâncias, a fim de estimularem a decisão pela redução. Conclusão: o interesse das gestantes pelo tratamento foi pequeno e resultou na baixa adesão aos programas oferecidos na Atenção Primária, o que se revelou um problema de saúde pública, que requer práticas reorientadas de atenção a esta clientela.
Adults With Mild‐to‐Moderate Congenital Heart Disease Demonstrate Measurable Neurocognitive Deficits
Authors: Perrotta Melissa L. , Saha Priyanka , Zawadzki Roy , Beidelman Mark , Ingelsson Erik , Lui George K. , Priest James R.
Published: September 2020

Background

Neurocognitive impairment is a common complication of congenital heart disease (CHD) as well as acquired cardiovascular disease. Data are limited on neurocognitive function in adults with CHD (ACHD).

Methods and Results

A total of 1020 individuals with mild‐to‐moderate ACHD and 497 987 individuals without ACHD from the volunteer‐based UK Biobank study underwent neurocognitive tests for fluid intelligence, reaction time, numeric memory, symbol‐digit substitution, and trail making at enrollment and follow‐up. Performance scores were compared before and after exclusion of preexisting stroke or coronary artery disease as measures of cerebro‐ and cardiovascular disease. Individuals with ACHD had significantly poorer performance on alpha‐numeric trail making, a measure of visual attention and cognitive flexibility, spending 6.4 seconds longer on alpha‐numeric trail making (95% CI, 3.0–9.9 seconds,
P
=0.002) and 2.5 seconds longer on numeric trail making (95% CI, 0.5–4.6 seconds,
P
=0.034), a measure of visual attention and processing speed. The ACHD cohort had modestly lower performance on symbol‐digit substitution, a measure of processing speed, with 0.9 fewer correct substitutions (95% CI, − 1.5 to − 0.2 substitutions,
P
=0.021). After excluding preexisting stroke or coronary artery disease, individuals with ACHD continued to show poorer performance in all 6 domains (
P
=NS).

Conclusions

Individuals with mild‐to‐moderate ACHD had poorer neurocognitive performance, most significantly in tests of cognitive flexibility, analogous to deficits in children with CHD. These differences appear to be driven by increased burden of cerebro‐ and cardiovascular disease among individuals with ACHD.
Association of Changes in Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Risk of Subsequent Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality
Authors: Gaye Bamba , Tajeu Gabriel S. , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Lassale Camille , Allen Norrina B. , Singh‐Manoux Archana , Jouven Xavier
Published: September 2020

Background

The extent to which change in cardiovascular health (CVH) in midlife reduces risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease and mortality is unclear.

Methods and Results

CVH was computed at 2 ARIC (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities) study visits in 1987 to 1989 and 1993 to 1995, using 7 metrics (smoking, body mass index, total cholesterol, blood glucose, blood pressure, physical activity, and diet), each classified as poor, intermediate, and ideal. Overall CVH was classified as poor, intermediate, and ideal to correspond to 0 to 2, 3 to 4, and 5 to 7 metrics at ideal levels. There 10 038 participants, aged 44 to 66 years that were eligible. From the first to the second study visit, there was an improvement in overall CVH for 17% of participants and a decrease in CVH for 21% of participants. At both study visits, 28%, 27%, and 6% had poor, intermediate, and ideal overall CVH, respectively. Compared with those with poor CVH at both visits, the risk of cardiovascular disease (hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; 95% CI, 0.20–0.34) and mortality (HR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.29–0.44) was lowest in those with ideal CVH at both measures. Improvement from poor to intermediate/ideal CVH was also associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular disease (HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59–0.75) and mortality (HR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.72–0.89).

Conclusions

Improvement in CVH or stable ideal CVH, compared with those with poor CVH over time, is associated with a lower risk of incident cardiovascular disease and all‐cause mortality. The change in smoking status and cholesterol may have accounted for a large part of the observed association.
ALKOL TÜKETİMİ İLE ALKOL ÜZERİNDEN ALINAN ÖZEL TÜKETİM VERGİSİ İLİŞKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: KOÇ Özgür Emre , KOÇ Neslihan
Published: September 2020

Alkollü içecekler üzerinden alınan vergilerin neden olduğu fiyat artışlarının tüketimi ve dolayısıyla neden olduğu dışsal maliyetleri azaltması beklenmektedir. Çalışmamızda Türkiye’de alkolü ürünler üzerinden alınan Özel Tüketim Vergisi (ÖTV) ile alkollü ürünlerin tüketim miktarı arasındaki ilişki kısa ve uzun dönem nedensellik testleri (Granger ve Toda-Yamamato) ve doğrusal regresyon analizi tekniği kullanılarak açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, alkollü içecekler üzerinden alınan ÖTV ile alkollü içeceklerin tüketim miktarları arasında kısa ve uzun dönemde tek yönlü bir nedensellik tespit edilirken; regresyon analizinde alkollü ürünlerin tüketim miktarı ile alkollü ürünler üzerinden alınan vergiler arasındaki ters yönlü ilişkinin varlığını belirten literatürü destekler sonuç elde edilmiştir.
TÜRKİYE BANKACILIK SİSTEMİNDEKİ YABANCI SERMAYELİ MEVDUAT BANKALARININ RİSK DERECELENDİRMESİ: CAMELS TABANLI VIKOR MODELİ UYGULAMASI
Authors: BAYRAMOĞLU Mehmet Fatih , GÜLLÜ Elif
Published: September 2020

Ekonomik alanda yaşanan gelişmeler ve bankacılık sektöründe gerçekleştirilen reformlar yabancı sermayeli bankaların sistem içerisindeki payının artmasını sağlamıştır. Yabancı sermayeli bankaların bankacılık sektöründeki paylarının gün geçtikçe artması risk derecelendirmelerinin de öneminin artmasına neden olmuştur. Bu çalışmada 2013-2017 yıllarını kapsayan 5 yıllık dönem için Türkiye Bankalar Birliği (TTB)’ne ait resmi web sayfasında yayımlanan “Seçilmiş Rasyolar” tablolarından yararlanılarak, Türkiye bankacılık sisteminde yer alan özel ve kamusal sermayeli mevduat bankaları grup bazlı, Türkiye’de kurulmuş olan yabancı sermayeli mevduat bankaları ise hem banka hem de grup bazlı CAMELS tabanlı VIKOR modeli ile risk-performans analizi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada yabancı sermayeli mevduat bankalarının banka bazında değerlendirmesinde en iyi performansa sahip olan bankanın Deutsche Bank A.Ş. olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Grup bazlı değerlendirmede ise kamusal sermayeli mevduat bankalarının performansında düşüş, özel ve yabancı sermayeli mevduat bankaları grubunda ise dalgalanmalar yaşanmasına rağmen önemli derecede değişimin yaşanmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Service is Not Perishable: Nurturing Ongoing Participation with Conceptual Models
Authors: Kim Miso
Published: September 2020

This article explores the nature of conceptual models for designing service participation. Conceptual models are both a representation and a hypothesis, dialectically creating conditions of participation. I first study the nature of a conceptual model and then explore the four arts with focus on the notion of form. Each art reveals a mode of thought regarding the form of the participatory whole: grammatical model of coproduction, rhetorical model of argumentation, poetic model of experience, and dialectic model of commitment. Along with the arts, I present case studies of four distinctive conceptual models that have been used to design for participation.
From Psychoacoustics to Brain Waves: A Longitudinal Approach to Novel Word Learning
Authors: Barbaroux Mylène , Norena Arnaud , Rasamimanana Maud , Castet Eric , Besson Mireille
Published: September 2020

Musical expertise has been shown to positively influence high-level speech abilities such as novel word learning. This study addresses the question whether low-level enhanced perceptual skills causally drives successful novel word learning. We used a longitudinal approach with psychoacoustic procedures to train 2 groups of nonmusicians either on pitch discrimination or on intensity discrimination, using harmonic complex sounds. After short (approximately 3 hr) psychoacoustic training, discrimination thresholds were lower on the specific feature (pitch or intensity) that was trained. Moreover, compared to the intensity group, participants trained on pitch were faster to categorize words varying in pitch. Finally, although the N400 components in both the word learning phase and in the semantic task were larger in the pitch group than in the intensity group, no between-group differences were found at the behavioral level in the semantic task. Thus, these results provide mixed evidence that enhanced perception of relevant features through a few hours of acoustic training with harmonic sounds causally impacts the categorization of speech sounds as well as novel word learning. These results are discussed within the framework of near and far transfer effects from music training to speech processing.