bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shame and the origin of physician-patient conflict
Authors: Martin James T.
Published: June 2019

Shame is a powerful negative emotion that motivates much intrapersonal and interpersonal conflict. The relationship between patient and physician can turn to conflict if the medical environment elicits shame in the patient; conflict arises when the patient externalizes the cause and blames the physician for negative feelings. Patients who suffer from hyperactive and reactive shame responses may require particularly sensitive care. Including the assessment of shame reactivity in the medical history can help identify such persons. Measures that reduce shame should improve compliance and reduce the incidence of malpractice suits.
Marshland restoration benefits Collembola recruitment: a long-term chronosequence study in Sanjiang mire marshland, China
Authors: Dou Yongjing , Zhang Bing , Sun Xin , Chang Liang , Wu Donghui
Published: June 2019

To examine the biodiversity restoration of marshlands after human-induced disturbances, a long-term chronosequence study of Collembola communities was completed that included cultivated treatment (marshes with 15 years of soybean cultivation; CU15), two restored treatments (with 6 and 12 years of agricultural abandonment; RE06 and RE12, respectively), and an intact marshland (IM) as a reference in the Sanjiang Plain, Northeastern China. Changes in the soil properties and Collembola communities under different treatments were analyzed. Soil parameters (i.e., soil organic carbon, available N, P and K, soil moisture) significantly increased from the cultivated treatment to the 6-year agricultural abandoned, and then 12-year agricultural abandoned treatment, indicating that the degraded soil began to recover after agricultural abandonment. The density, species richness and diversity of Collembola in RE12 were significantly higher than in RE06 and CU15, and even surpass the IM, indicating marshland restoration (after 12 years of agricultural abandonment) benefited recruitment and reconstruction of Collembola community. We found soil surface-dwelling Collembola recovered faster than eu-edaphic species, that is probably due to some common traits (i.e., parthenogenesis and fast dispersal) between epi- and hemi-edaphic species. The changes in the vegetation and soil properties during long-term soybean cultivation and agricultural abandonment were the key factors affecting the composition, density, and species richness of soil Collembola.
Formulation and Utilization of Isabgol Dietetic Cookies for Boosting the Digestive Process
Authors: Tripathi Devika , Tiwari Ritesh Kumar
Published: June 2019

Aim: The present research was carried out to characterize and utilize Isabgol, for preparation of dietetic cookies. The production of cookies enriched with Isabgol can be considered as an alternative way to include this health promoter fiber in human nutrition.

Place and Duration of Study: Isabgol, (Psyllium husk) was procured from the local market were collected from the local area of Bareilly region, India. The plant material was identified and authenticated by the Department of Pharmacognosy of Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering & Technology (Pharmacy), Bareilly, India.

Methodology: Six different formulations of cookies were prepared using varying concentrations of Isabgol. All the preparations were according to the guidelines of AACC (2000). Physical and chemical traits diameter, thickness, moisture content, crude protein, of prepared cookies were evaluated.

Results: Straight grade flour was replaced with Isabgol in different combinations such as 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. Regarding the characterization of Isabgol, mean values obtained for moisture, crude protein, crude fat, the crude fiber in husk were 6.43±0.05,  2.08±0.06, 0.09±0.01, and respectively. Moreover, total dietary fiber was found to be 76.63±1.32. Physical characteristics of dietetic cookies i.e. diameter and spread ratio were diminished with the addition of Isabgol while thickness was increased. Results regarding the storage of the cookies showed an increase in diameter and spread ratio whilst thickness depicted a decreasing trend. The chemical assay revealed higher crude protein content in control cookies.

Conclusion: Softer cookies with low gross energy were obtained with the addition of Isabgol. Isabgol based cookies showed gradual enhancement in dietary fiber content as the amount of husk was increased in the formulation. The resultant cookies may have the potential to manage the digestion and bowel function in human subjects.
XRCC1 A910G Polymorphism and Gastric Cancer Risk in an Brazilian Population in the Amazon Region
Authors: Oliveira Gabriel Neto , Jr Olavo Magalhães Picanço , Rodrigues Artemis Socorro do N.
Published: June 2019

The objective of this study was to examine the association between the XRCC1 A910G polymorphism in gastric cancer patients in the city of Macapá, State of Amapá, Amazonia, Brazil.  DNA samples were obtained from 102 individuals, of which 40 were cancer patients and 62 controls. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was carried out to detect polymorphism, followed by PCR-RFLP analysis with the restriction enzyme HhaI. Of the 40 patients analysed, 22.5% had the Thr910Thr (A/A) genotype, while Ala910Ala (G/G) and Thr910Ala (A/G) genotypes accounted for 25% and 52.5% of samples, respectively. In the control group, of the 62 samples analysed, 74.1% had the Thr910Thr (A/A) genotype, while Ala910Ala (G/G) and Thr910Ala (A/G) represented 9.6% and 16.1% of samples, respectively. Our findings demonstrate that A910G polymorphism was found in most of the patients with gastric cancer in the study population. The G allele was frequently found in the analysed samples, as also observed in the genotype frequency, where AG and GG genotypes were present in cancer patients. This is the first study in Brazil to report the association between A910G polymorphism and gastric cancer.
Liquid biopsy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: current status of circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA
Authors: Lee Jee‐Soo , Park Sung Sup , Lee Young Kyung , Norton Jeffrey A. , Jeffrey Stefanie S.
Published: June 2019

Reliable biomarkers are required to evaluate and manage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA are shed into blood and can be relatively easily obtained from minimally invasive liquid biopsies for serial assays and characterization, thereby providing a unique potential for early diagnosis, forecasting disease prognosis, and monitoring of therapeutic response. In this review, we provide an overview of current technologies used to detect circulating tumor cells and circulating tumor DNA and describe recent advances regarding the multiple clinical applications of liquid biopsy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
C
oprothermobacteraceae
Authors: Pavan María Elisa , Pavan Esteban E. , Kämpfer Peter , Pettinari María Julia , López Nancy I.
Published: June 2019

Co.pro.ther.mo.bac.te.ra.ce'ae. N.L. masc. n.
Coprothermobacter
type genus of the family; ‐
aceae
ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Coprothermobacteraceae
the family of
Coprothermobacter
.

Coprothermobacterota / Coprothermobacteria / Coprothermobacterales / Coprothermobacteraceae

Rod‐shaped cells. Stains Gram‐negative. Nonmotile. No spore formation. Strictly anaerobic. Thermophilic. Chemoorganotrophs. Proteolytic fermenters that produce acetic acid, H
2
, and CO
2
as the main end products. Able to reduce thiosulfate, but not sulfate, to sulfide. Deep‐branching bacterial phylogenetic lineage based on 16S rRNA genes and phylogenomic analyses (
see
Coprothermobacterota
).
Coprothermobacteraceae
is the only family of the order
Coprothermobacterales
. The family currently accommodates a single genus,
Coprothermobacter
.

DNA G+C content (mol%)
: 42.5–44.8.

Type genus
:
Coprothermobacter
Rainey and Stackebrandt 1993, 858
VP
.
M
ethanofollis
Authors: Lai Mei‐Chin
Published: June 2019

Me.tha.no.fol'lis. N.L. neut. n.
methanum
methane; N.L. pref.
methano
‐, pertaining to methane; L. masc. n.
follis
, a cushion or pillow inflated with air, a bag; N.L. masc. n.
Methanofollis
, methane‐producing bag.

Euryarchaeota / Methanomicrobiales / Methanomicrobiales / Methanomicrobiaceae / Methanofollis

Cells belonging to
Methanofollis
are irregular cocci, occurring singly, 1.2–3.0 µm in diameter. Cells lyse upon the addition of 1% SDS (w/v) due to its proteinaceous S‐layer composed of hexagonally arranged glycoprotein subunits with an apparent molecular mass of 118–139 kDa. Cells stain Gram‐negative. Some strains are motile with peritrichous flagella. Strictly anaerobic methane‐producing archaeon. Substrates for growth and methane production are H
2
/CO
2
or formate. Some species may use 2‐propanol, 2‐butanol, ethanol, 1‐propanol, and 1‐butanol as electron donors in place of H
2
. Acetate is a required as carbon source for growth. Mesophilic (range 20–45°C, optimal temperature 37–40°C). The optimum pH for growth is about 7.0 (pH range 5.6–8.8). Some species may have other complex nutrient requirements, usually fulfilled by yeast extract. NaCl may be required or stimulatory for growth (Table 1). The growth of cells is usually promoted by supplementation of the medium with 1–2 μM tungstate. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny analyses, the genus
Methanofollis
is a member of family
Methanomicrobiaceae
and order
Methanomicrobiales
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 54–60 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Methanofollis tationis
(Zabel, König and Winter 1984) Zellner, Boone, Keswani, Whitman, Woese, Hagelstein, et al. 1999, 253
VP
(
Methanogenium tationis
Zabel, König and Winter 1986, 355).
D
esulfobacca
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: June 2019

De.sul.fo.bac'ca. L. pref.
de
from; L. n.
sulfur
sulfur; N.L. pref.
desulfo
desulfuricating, used to characterize a dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing prokaryote; L. fem. n.
bacca,
bacca
berry, especially olive; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfobacca
, a sulfate‐reducing olive‐shaped bacterium.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobaccia / Desulfobaccales / Desulfobaccaceae / Desulfobacca

Cells are oval‐to‐rod shaped, which occur singly or in pairs. Gram‐stain‐negative. Endospores are not observed. Nonmotile. Strict anaerobe with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotroph. Acetate is used as the sole electron donor and carbon source and is oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate, sulfite, and thiosulfate are used as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. The optimal pH range for growth is 7.1–7.5. The optimal temperature range for growth is between 36 and 40°C. The major menaquinone is unknown. The pattern of polar lipids and the cellular fatty acid profiles were not determined. The genus currently accommodates a single species
Desulfobacca acetoxidans
. The type strain of the genus was isolated from an anaerobic sludge reactor fed with acetate and sulfate. So far only found in freshwater habitat and soil.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 52.9 (genome data).

Type species
:
Desulfobacca acetoxidans
Oude Elferink, Akkermans‐van Vliet, Bogte and Stams 1999, 349
VP
.
D
esulfovermiculus
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: June 2019

De.sul.fo.ver.mi'cu.lus. L. prefix
de
; from L. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; L. masc. n.
vermiculus
, a little worm; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfovermiculus
, vermiform sulfate‐reducing bacterium.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfohalobiaceae / Desulfovermiculus

Rod‐ or oval‐shaped curved cells, 0.5–1.5 × 1.0–3.0 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. At stationary growth phase, cells elongate to 15–20 µm. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. Motility might occur depending on the species. Strict anaerobe with a respiratory type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotroph and chemolithoautotroph (only
Desulfovermiculus halophilus
), using short‐chain fatty acids, alcohols, and simple organic compounds as electron donors and carbon sources; these compounds are completely oxidized to CO
2
via the anaerobic C
1
pathway (carbon monoxide dehydrogenase or Wood–Ljungdahl pathway). Sulfate and thiosulfate are terminal electron acceptors and reduced to H
2
S. Fermentation of substrates has not been observed. The optimal pH range for growth is around 6.8–7.2. Mesophilic. The optimal temperature for growth is 37°C. The major menaquinone is MK‐7 (determined only for
D. halophilus
). The major cellular fatty acids were only determined for
Desulfovermiculus utahensis
and are iso‐C
15
:0
, iso‐C
17
:0
, and iso‐C
17
:1
ω9
c
. The genus currently accommodates two species. Anoxic media containing a reductant (usually sulfide) are required. Moderately halophilic. NaCl is required for growth; the optimum is between 80 and 100 g/l. MgCl
2
is necessary for the growth of
D. utahensis
. Vitamins or yeast extract are not required. Isolated from highly mineralized stratal water of an oil field and an anoxic hypersaline sediment.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 51.4–56.8 (
T
m
, genome, LC).

Type species
:
Desulfovermiculus halophilus
Belyakova, Rozanova, Borzenkov, Tourova, Pusheva, Lysenko and Kolganov 2007, 1371
VP
(Effective publication: Belyakova, Rozanova, Borzenkov, Tourova, Pusheva, Lysenko and Kolganov 2006, 169).
D
ethiosulfatarculus
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: June 2019

De.thi.o.sul.fat.ar'cu.lus. L. pref.
de
, from; N.L. n.
thiosulfas ‐atis
, thiosulfate; N.L. masc. n.
arculus
, a small bow; N.L. masc. n.
Dethiosulfatarculus
, a bow‐shaped thiosulfate reducer.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfarcalia / Desulfarculales / Desulfarculaceae / Dethiosulfatarculus

Vibrio‐shaped cells that occur singly, in pairs, or in larger aggregates. Spore formation is not observed. Gram‐stain‐negative. The type species is motile. Strict anaerobe with respiratory or fermentative type of metabolism. Chemolithoautotroph and chemoorganoheterotroph, using H
2
plus CO
2
, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, yeast extract, and alanine as electron donors and carbon sources; organic compounds are oxidized to acetate. For autotrophic growth, the carbon monoxide dehydrogenase pathway (Wood–Ljungdahl pathway) is used. Only thiosulfate serves as a terminal electron acceptor and is reduced to H
2
S. Sulfate and sulfite are not reduced. Fermentative growth on pyruvate, oxaloacetate, and yeast extract. Mesophilic, with an optimal temperature for growth between 30 and 37°C. Neutrophilic, with an optimal pH for growth between 6.0–7.2. Anoxic media (with sulfide as a reductant) are necessary for growth.
Dethiosulfatarculus sandiegensis
was isolated from a methanogenic, long‐chain‐paraffin degrading consortium enriched from the marine sediments of San Diego Bay, CA, USA.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 52.0 (genome data).

Type species
:
Dethiosulfatarculus sandiegensis
Davidova, Wawrick, Callaghan, Duncan, Marks and Suflita 2016, 1247
VP
.
H
aloimpatiens
Authors: Fang Mingxu , Zhu Xu‐Fen
Published: June 2019

Ha.lo.im.pa'ti.ens. Gr. n.
hals
,
halos
salt; L. adj.
impatiens
intolerant; N.L. masc. n.
Haloimpatiens
salt‐intolerant.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Clostridiaceae / Haloimpatiens

Haloimpatiens
is a genus in the family
Clostridiaceae
. The genus currently has only one validated species,
Haloimpatiens lingqiaonensis
. The cells of
H
.
lingqiaonensis
are chemoorganotrophic rods that can ferment only on complex proteinaceous compounds. This strictly anaerobic bacterium can grow in mildly thermophilic (up to 48°C) and neutral pH conditions. The cells do not require NaCl for growth. No isoprenoid quinone is detected. The main fatty acids are C
14
:0
and C
16
:0
. The major polar lipids are diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, several phospholipids, and glycolipids. Although the only species was isolated from paper mill waste water, phylogenetically related environmental sequences revealed that the potential members in the genus
Haloimpatiens
can also be found in soils and feces.

DNA G
+
C content
(
mol
%): 30.0 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Haloimpatiens lingqiaonensis
Wu, Zhang, Sun, Zhang, Han, Pan et al., 2016, 631
VP
.
H
alotalea
Authors: Ntougias Spyridon , Zervakis Georgios I.
Published: June 2019

Ha.lo.ta'le.a. Gr. n.
hals
,
halos
salt; L. fem. n.
talea
a staff, rod; N.L. fem. n.
Halotalea
, a rod‐shaped organism living in saline conditions.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Halomonadaceae / Halotalea

The genus
Halotalea
, classified within the family
Halomonadaceae
, order
Oceanospirillales
, and in the class
Gammaproteobacteria
, currently consists of a single species,
Halotalea alkalilenta
, isolated from alkaline alperujo, an alkaline sludge‐like olive mill waste sampled in the vicinity of Toplou Monastery, Sitia (Crete), Greece. Cells are nonsporulating Gram‐negative, motile by peritrichous flagella, rods. Colonies on agar plates are small and nonpigmented, coloring pale yellow. The organism is alkalitolerant, growing up to pH 11; extremely halotolerant, tolerating up to 2.6 M NaCl; and sugar tolerant, resisting up to 2.5 and 1.7 M
d
‐glucose and maltose, respectively. It is a mesophilic facultative anaerobe, which lacks cytochrome c oxidase activity and displays delayed fermentation ability on glucose and dulcitol. It is chemoorganotrophic, capable of degrading phenolics, which utilizes a range of amino acids, sugars, alcohols, and organic acids as sole carbon and energy sources. Ubiquinone‐9 is the only quinone detected, and C
18:1
ω7
c
, C
16:0
, C
19:0
cyclo ω8
c
, C
12:0
3‐OH, and C
16:1
ω7
c
/iso‐C
15:0
2‐OH are the major membrane fatty acids determined. Representatives have been isolated from diverse ambient and engineered environments, including wastes, marine specimens, rhizosphere, and plant material.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 64.3–64.6 (genome sequences).

Type species
:
Halotalea alkalilenta
Ntougias, Zervakis and Fasseas 2007, 1981
VP
.
C
oprothermobacterota
Authors: Pavan María Elisa , Pavan Esteban E. , Kämpfer Peter , Pettinari María Julia , López Nancy I.
Published: June 2019

Co.pro.ther.mo.bac.te.ro'ta. N.L. masc. n.
Coprothermobacter
type genus of the type order of the phylum; ‐
ota
ending to denote the phylum; N.L. neut. pl. n.
Coprothermobacterota
, the phylum of the class
Coprothermobacteria
.

Coprothermobacterota

This phylum constitutes one of the primary lines of descent in the bacterial domain, a position strongly supported by phylogenomic analysis. The phylum is currently represented by a single class, order, family, and genus. Nonmotile rods. Stains Gram‐negative. Non‐spore‐forming. Obligately anaerobic, thermophilic, and proteolytic bacteria. Chemoorganotrophs. Acetic acid, H
2
, and CO
2
are the main fermentation end products. Able to reduce thiosulfate but not sulfate to sulfide.

Type class
:
Coprothermobacteria
Pavan, Pavan, Glaeser, Etchebehere, Kämpfer, Pettinari and López 2018, 1631.
Relaxation for online frequency estimator of bias‐affected damped sinusoidal signals based on Dynamic Regressor Extension and Mixing
Authors: Vedyakov Alexey A. , Vediakova Anastasiia O. , Bobtsov Alexey A. , Pyrkin Anton A.
Published: June 2019

This paper considers the problem of continuous‐time online frequency estimation for a biased damped sinusoidal signal. The previous result for a sinusoidal signal with time‐varying amplitude requires a persistency of excitation condition for regressor, which is not satisfied in the considered case. To relax this condition, we propose to use Dynamic Regressor Extension and Mixing method on the first step to replace nth‐order regression with n first‐order regression models. On the second step, two simple relaxation methods are proposed to establish necessary excitation for the first‐order gradient‐based estimator. The efficiency of the proposed approach is demonstrated through the set of numerical simulations for the exponentially damped sinusoidal signal.
Flexible Hybrid Electronics for Digital Healthcare
Authors: Ma Yinji , Zhang Yingchao , Cai Shisheng , Han Zhiyuan , Liu Xin , Wang Fengle , Cao Yu , Wang Zhouheng , Li Hangfei , Chen Yihao , Feng Xue
Published: June 2019

Recent advances in material innovation and structural design provide routes to flexible hybrid electronics that can combine the high‐performance electrical properties of conventional wafer‐based electronics with the ability to be stretched, bent, and twisted to arbitrary shapes, revolutionizing the transformation of traditional healthcare to digital healthcare. Here, material innovation and structural design for the preparation of flexible hybrid electronics are reviewed, a brief chronology of these advances is given, and biomedical applications in bioelectrical monitoring and stimulation, optical monitoring and treatment, acoustic imitation and monitoring, bionic touch, and body‐fluid testing are described. In conclusion, some remarks on the challenges for future research of flexible hybrid electronics are presented.
Engineering of the Back Contact between PCBM and Metal Electrode for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Efficiency and Stability
Authors: Xiong Shaobing , Yuan Meng , Yang Jianming , Song Jingnan , Guo Xuewen , Li Xiang , Li Bo , Liu Xianjie , Duan Chungang , Liu Feng , Fahlman Mats , Bao Qinye
Published: June 2019

The cathode interface plays a critical role in achieving high‐performance fullerene/perovskite planar solar cells. Herein, the simple molecule Isatin and its derivatives are introduced at the back contact [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/Al as a cathode modification interlayer. It is revealed that the Isatin interlayers facilitate electron transport/extraction and suppress electron recombination, attributed to the formation of negative dipole potential steps and the passivation of the interfacial trap density. The average power conversion efficiencies of the resulting devices are significantly improved by 11% from 17.68% to 19.74%, with an enhancement in all device parameters including short‐circuit current, open‐circuit voltage, and fill factor. The hysteresis index is found to disappear. In addition, such interlayer enhances device stability under ambient conditions compared to the control devices due to suppression of moisture‐induced degradation of the perovskite films. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the engineering of the back contact between PCBM and the metal electrode to improve efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells.
Novel Stretchable Ambipolar Electrochromic Devices Based on Highly Transparent AgNW/PDMS Hybrid Electrodes
Authors: Chen Wei‐Hao , Li Fang‐Wei , Liou Guey‐Sheng
Published: June 2019

Novel stretchable ambipolar electrochromic devices (ECDs) based on highly transparent silver nanowire (AgNW)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) hybrid electrodes are successfully prepared in this study. A facile fabrication methodology has been proposed for the preparation of highly transparent and stretchable ECDs by judiciously combining electrochromic materials and AgNW/PDMS hybrid electrodes. Additionally, these stretchable ECDs are composed of an ambipolar system based on triphenylamine derivatives and heptyl viologen. The obtained stretchable ECDs based on the AgNW/PDMS hybrid electrodes are initially colorless; these ECDs exhibit high transparency at the neutral state and reveal various colors according to different ambipolar redox couples at the related applied potentials.
Seamless MoTe2 Homojunction PIN Diode toward 1300 nm Short‐Wave Infrared Detection
Authors: Lee Han Sol , Lim June Yeong , Yu Sanghyuck , Jeong Yeonsu , Park Sam , Oh Kyunghwan , Hong Seongjin , Yang Seunghoon , Lee Chul‐Ho , Im Seongil
Published: June 2019

Homojunction PN and PIN diodes based on 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) MoTe2 are reported in this work. Up to date, for PN junction diodes, type II‐based heterojunction diodes are mainly seen in report, but homojunction PN diodes using 2D‐layered materials are still rare although they enable seamless integration. Recently, hydrogen (H)‐doped n‐type MoTe2, achieved via atomic layer deposition (ALD) on top of a p‐type MoTe2 surface, was reported. Consequently, a lateral homojunction PN diode was realized by H‐doping. In fact, MoTe2‐based devices with a thickness on the order of nanometers can be applied for short‐wave infrared (SWIR) detection in the range of ≈1300 nm, a wavelength that Si‐based devices cannot properly address. Here, a seamless MoTe2 homojunction PIN diode is demonstrated, achieving the detection of visible to 1300 nm SWIR photons. This thin MoTe2 initially forms a PN junction by selective H‐doping, but a PIN diode is even obtained using two split gates. Compared to the PN diode mode, the PIN mode greatly enhances the photoresponse in the visible to 1300 nm wavelength range because of the increased built‐in electric field. The Franz–Keldysh effect is regarded strongly responsible for the effective absorption of 1300 nm SWIR photons in MoTe2. It is anticipated that this development may support Si photodetectors for integration on Si devices.
Ecological niche modeling and a lack of phylogeographic structure in Vriesea incurvata suggest historically stable areas in the southern Atlantic Forest
Authors: Aguiar‐Melo Camila , Zanella Camila M. , Goetze Márcia , Palma‐Silva Clarisse , Hirsch Luiza D. , Neves Beatriz , da Costa Andrea F. , Bered Fernanda
Published: June 2019

Premise

Despite the efforts to understand the processes that shape neotropical biodiversity, the complexity of certain biomes, such as the Atlantic Forest (AF), prevents the generalization of patterns. Initially, ecological niche modeling (ENM), with phylogeographic studies, identified past stable areas in the central and northern portions of the AF, while the southern portion was thought to be highly fragmented. Here, we examined the phylogeography, historical patterns, genetic diversity, and population structure of Vriesea incurvata, an endemic species of the southern portion of the AF.

Methods

We evaluated 149 individuals using two plastid DNA regions (cpDNA) and 13 nuclear microsatellite markers (nuSSRs) to access the historical patterns, genetic diversity, and structure of V. incurvata populations. We also conducted historical demography and ENM analyses.

Results

We found moderate to high genetic diversity and low population structure for both genomes. The cpDNA network revealed high haplotype sharing. The ENM suggested no drastic changes in suitable areas for V. incurvata occurrence, corroborating the finding of no phylogeographic structure.

Conclusions

Contrary to some studies, our results indicate that the southern AF was a historically stable climate region for V. incurvata occupation after southward colonization by the species. Past climatic changes probably did not cause structuring among its populations.
On the sunny side of (new) life: Effect of sunshine duration on age at first reproduction in Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata)
Authors: Pflüger Lena S. , Pink Katharina E. , Böck Anja , Huffman Michael A. , Wallner Bernard
Published: June 2019

To produce offspring early in life is energetically demanding and depends greatly on environmental conditions. In female primates, age at first reproduction (AFR) has been associated with social parameters (e.g., population density and social rank), food availability and meteorological conditions (e.g., photoperiod, rainfall patterns, and temperature). Regarding the latter, less attention has been given to the influence of sunshine. In nonhuman primates, including the northern‐most distributed Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata), sunbathing is an effective thermoregulatory strategy to maintain sufficient energy intake during harsh winter months. Furthermore, the energetic value of sunshine and its role in the synthesis of essential vitamins important for sexual development and overall fertility is well investigated using human and animal models. In the present study, we hypothesized that female's AFR is influenced by the amount of sunshine in a semi‐free‐ranging, provisioned a group of Japanese macaques. To test this, we gathered data on sunshine duration in the year females theoretically experienced the onset of puberty. This phase of the female life cycle is particularly prone to the effects of environmental conditions. In addition to the investigation of sunshine duration and other meteorological conditions (i.e., rainfall and temperature) we controlled for social parameters (i.e., group size and sex ratio) as potential covariates. We found a clear effect of sunshine duration on female AFR: Females who entered puberty in years with more sunshine reproduced for the first time at significantly younger ages than females who experienced less sunshine during this specific period of their development. Possible mechanisms for how the sunshine influences sexual maturation in Japanese macaques are discussed.
Central compartment involvement in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease: the role of allergy and previous sinus surgery
Authors: DelGaudio John M. , Levy Joshua M. , Wise Sarah K.
Published: June 2019

Background

Evidence for a relationship between allergy and chronic rhinosinusitus with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is equivocal. Central compartment (CC) atopic disease is a nasal inflammatory condition related to inhalant allergy. CC involvement is common in aspirin‐exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD), a subset of CRSwNP, and we hypothesize it is related to allergic status.

Methods

This study was a retrospective analysis of a single‐institution database for the January 2016 to February 2019 time period. Data regarding endoscopic CC findings, clinical allergy history, and results of allergy testing were collected. Statistical analysis was performed, with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results

Seventy‐two AERD patients met the inclusion criteria. Fifty‐nine patients had CC involvement (53 bilateral, 6 unilateral). For patients with documented allergy status, 100% of patients with endoscopic CC disease had clinical allergic rhinitis (AR), and 45 of 48 (93.8%) had positive allergy testing. Thirteen patients had no CC involvement (4 with clinical AR; 3 of 7 with positive allergy testing). CC endoscopic findings in AERD were significantly associated with clinical allergy (p < 0.0001, phi = 0.771). Overall, patients with CC involvement averaged 3.8 surgeries vs 3.2 for those without CC involvement (p = not statistically significant). However, patients with septal involvement averaged 4.2 surgeries vs 2.0 for those without septal involvement (p = 0.004). As the number of sinus surgeries increases, middle turbinate (MT) resection (r = 0.300, p = 0.022) and septal involvement (r = 0.372, p = 0.004) significantly increase. All patients with MT resection had septal disease, whereas none without CC disease had MT resection.

Conclusion

Most AERD patients exhibit AR, and this correlates with CC disease. As the number of surgeries increases, MT resection may predispose to polyposis of the septum.
Das Periodensystem – eine universelle Ikone: seine Entstehung vor 150 Jahren und seine Verbreitung durch Literatur, Kunst und Musik
Authors: Shaik Sason , Cremades Eduard , Alvarez Santiago
Published: June 2019

Dieser Essay beleuchtet den sprühenden Geist Mendeleevs. Seine Leistungen führten zur Aufstellung des Periodischen Systems, durch das die gesamte Welt chemischer Materie auf einem Handteller Platz hat. Das Periodensystem basiert auf einem zentralen Denkmuster und bedeutet für die Chemie so viel wie Newtons Errungenschaften für die Physik oder Darwins Thesen für die Biologie. Darüber hinaus beschäftigt sich der Essay mit der Verbreitung des Periodensystems durch die Literatur von Primo Levi, Oliver Sacks und anderen, sowie durch Musik und die darstellende Kunst, von Musikern und Künstlern wie Jerry Feldman, der King Crimson Band, Tom Lehrer und George Brecht, Blair Bradshaw, Eugènia Balcells, etc.
An Olefin‐Linked Covalent Organic Framework as a Flexible Thin‐Film Electrode for a High‐Performance Micro‐Supercapacitor
Authors: Xu Junsong , He Yafei , Bi Shuai , Wang Mao , Yang Peng , Wu Dongqing , Wang Jianjian , Zhang Fan
Published: June 2019

Developing effective synthetic strategies as well as enriching functionalities for sp2‐carbon‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) still remains a challenge. Now, taking advantage of a variant of Knoevenagel condensation, a new fully conjugated COF (g‐C34N6‐COF) linked by unsubstituted C=C bonds was synthesized. Integrating 3,5‐dicyano‐2,4,6‐trimethylpyridine and 1,3,5‐triazine units into the molecular framework leads to the enhanced π‐electron communication and electrochemical activity. This COF shows uniform nanofibrous morphology. By assembling it with carbon nanotubes, a flexible thin‐film electrode for a micro‐supercapacitor (MSC) can be easily obtained. The resultant COF‐based MSC shows an areal capacitance of up to 15.2 mF cm−2, a high energy density of up to 7.3 mWh cm−3, and remarkable rate capability. These values are among the highest for state‐of‐the‐art MSCs. Moreover, this device exhibits excellent flexibility and integration capability.
Reevaluating Protein Photoluminescence: Remarkable Visible Luminescence upon Concentration and Insight into the Emission Mechanism
Authors: Wang Qian , Dou Xueyu , Chen Xiaohong , Zhao Zihao , Wang Shuang , Wang Yunzhong , Sui Kunyan , Tan Yeqiang , Gong Yongyang , Zhang Yongming , Yuan Wang Zhang
Published: June 2019

It is a textbook knowledge that protein photoluminescence stems from the three aromatic amino acid residues of tryptophan(Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and phenylalanine (Phe), with predominant contributions from Trp. Recently, inspired by the intrinsic emission of nonaromatic amino acids and poly(amino acids) in concentrated solutions and solids, we revisited protein light emission using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model. BSA is virtually nonemissive in dilute solutions (≤0.1 mg mL−1), but highly luminescent upon concentration or aggregation, showing unique concentration‐enhanced emission and aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics. Notably, apart from well‐documented UV luminescence, bright blue emission is clearly observed. Furthermore, persistent room‐temperature phosphorescence (p‐RTP) is achieved even in the amorphous solids under ambient conditions. This visible emission can be rationalized by the clustering‐triggered emission (CTE) mechanism. These findings not only provide an in‐depth understanding of the emissive properties of proteins, but also hold strong implications for further elucidating the basis of tissue autofluorescence.
Herstellung von polyfunktionellen Arylzinkreagenzien in Toluol mittels Halogen/Zink‐Austauschreaktionen
Authors: Balkenhohl Moritz , Ziegler Dorothée S. , Desaintjean Alexandre , Bole Leonie J. , Kennedy Alan R. , Hevia Eva , Knochel Paul
Published: June 2019

Unter Verwendung von bimetallischen Reagenzien des Typs R′2Zn⋅2 LiOR (R′=sBu, tBu, pTol) wurde innerhalb von 10 min bis 5 h in Toluol eine breite Menge an polyfunktionellen Diaryl‐ und Diheteroarylzinkreagenzien mittels eines I/Zn‐ oder Br/Zn‐Austausches erhalten. Hochempfindliche funktionelle Gruppen, wie zum Beispiel ein Triazin, ein Keton, ein Aldehyd oder eine Nitrogruppe, wurden in diesen Austauschreaktionen toleriert, was nach Abfangreaktionen mit verschiedenen Elektrophilen zu einer Fülle an funktionalisierten (Hetero)aromaten führte. Die Einsicht in die Konstitution und Reaktivität dieser bimetallischen Verbindungen offenbarte die Bildung von hochreaktiven Lithium‐diorganodialkoxyzinkaten des Typs [R′2Zn(OR)2Li2].
The Periodic‐Table—A Universal Icon: Its Birth 150 Years Ago, and Its Popularization Through Literature Art and Music
Authors: Shaik Sason , Cremades Eduard , Alvarez Santiago
Published: June 2019

This Essay projects the spark of genius of Mendeleev, whose efforts led to the effective formulation of the periodic table, which has placed the entire world of chemical matter on a palm. The periodic table gave rise to a central paradigm, which did for chemistry what Newton had done for physics and Darwin for biology. Subsequently the Essay recounts the popularization of the Periodic Table through literature by Primo Levi, Oliver Sacks and others, and through music and art by composers and artists, such as Jerry Feldman, the King Crimson band, Tom Lehrer, and George Brecht, Blair Bradshaw, Eugènia Balcells, etc.
Effect of Media Components and Growth Conditions for Improved Linoleic Acid Production by Beauveria Species
Authors: Sanghi Smrati , Chirmade Tejas , More Snehal , Prabhune Asmita , Gupta Vidya , Kadoo Narendra
Published: June 2019

Beauveria species are well‐known insect pathogenic fungi, and Beauveria bassiana is used as a biopesticide against various pests in agriculture. However, the Beauveria species has not been reported as producers of microbial oils. In this study, Beauveria spp. MTCC 5184 was used to produce microbial oil with high linoleic acid (LA) content. Ten experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of several media parameters, such as carbon and nitrogen sources, pH, various concentrations of carbon and nitrogen, growth duration, and oleic acid (OLA) supplementation for maximum LA and dry biomass production by the fungus. Several of these parameters had a significant impact on the production of LA, as well as dry biomass. The glucose yeast extract (GYE) medium supplemented with 1.5% (w/v) peptone yielded maximum LA (0.32 ± 0.01 g L−1) and biomass (5.51 ± 0.26 g L−1). However, through the addition of 1.0% (w/v) OLA, the precursor of LA, LA production was enhanced 12‐fold (1.24 ± 0.03 g L−1), and the biomass production increased by 5‐fold (11.05 ± 0.46 g L−1) in comparison to those in the basal (GYE) medium. Using lactose as the sole carbon source produced the lowest LA (0.05 ± 0.00 g L−1) and biomass (1.04 ± 0.10 g L−1). The results of this study will be useful for the commercial exploitation of this fungus for the production of LA‐rich microbial oil for use in the production of lubricants, greases, paints, cosmetics, etc.
Back to Basics: Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Spruce Lisa
Published: June 2019

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are the conditions that people are born into and live under that affect their health. Nurses are responsible for addressing these determinants when possible. Perioperative nurses encounter the effects of SDOH when patients express concern about surgery scheduling times, transportation, child care, and other support‐related issues during the perioperative period. Some SDOH are related to social identity (eg, race, ethnicity, sexual orientation) as a result of the oppression and discrimination that some groups experience. Perioperative nurses can establish trust with their patients by identifying their needs and partnering with community‐based organizations to address some of those needs (eg, transportation, legal assistance), which may help relieve stress for their patients and promote better postsurgical outcomes. Although health care workers can assist individual patients to address the effects of SDOH on their health and life, policy change is needed to ensure long‐term benefits.
A Practical Guide to Performance Improvement: Implementation of Systematic Methodologies
Authors: Dawson Anthony
Published: June 2019

This article discusses performance improvement (PI) and the various methods that PI teams can use to provide a framework for improvement. Teams that complete successful PI projects use a systematic methodology that guides them through the process in a step‐by‐step manner, with each step building upon the previous one using data collection methods and analytics. Personnel involved with PI projects may need to use various methodologies to achieve improvement. These tools range from Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act cycles to more complex methods such as Six Sigma, which uses a define, measure, analyze, improve, and control process as its foundation. This article includes examples of how PI project team members can implement various methodologies and analysis tools to improve processes across the PI project continuum. After reviewing this article, the reader should have a better understanding of the systematic methodologies supporting the PI process. This is the third article of a six‐part series about performance improvement.
A pH‐based experimental method for carbon dioxide exchange evaluation in cylindrical hollow fiber membrane oxygenators
Authors: Tabesh Hadi , Gholami Mohammad Hossein , Torabi Dorsa , Mottaghy Khosrow
Published: June 2019

Carbon dioxide transfer rate (CTR) is an important performance characteristic of a hollow fiber membrane oxygenator (HFMO), which is used as an artificial lung in clinical practices. In vitro measurement of CTR through HFMOs is challenging specifically in investigations with natural blood. In this study, a straightforward and applicable method is presented in order to simulate blood CO2 exchange through HFMOs and consequently calculate the corresponding CTR. The method is based on CO2 dissociation in deionized water resulting in pH drop of the aqueous solution. The results of proposed method are then validated comparing with in vitro investigations using native porcine blood (NPB) in two types of commercially available HFMOs. Moreover, an innovative relationship between effective membrane surface area, blood retention time, and mixing ratio of CO2 and N2 gases in pH drop experiment is introduced in order to simulate the CTR of complicated NPB investigations. The results reveal a good agreement between pH‐based calculated CTRs and those investigated conventionally using NPB. This method would be principally applicable not only for other cylindrical HFMOs but also for other configurations of hollow fiber membrane contactors.
Development and status of resin composite as dental restorative materials
Authors: Zhou Xinxuan , Huang Xiaoyu , Li Mingyun , Peng Xian , Wang Suping , Zhou Xuedong , Cheng Lei
Published: June 2019

Dental composites are comprised of a polymerizable matrix and reinforcing fillers that can be hardened into a solid restoration in the prepared tooth cavity. Composites are becoming increasingly popular due to their esthetics and improved mechanical and physical properties. However, dental composites still encounter several problems, mainly secondary (recurrent) caries, restoration fracture, excessive wear, marginal degradation, and tooth sensitivity. Therefore, extensive efforts are underway to improve the composite compositions and microstructure, and enhance their clinical performance and longevity. Relying on advances in materials science and technology, dental composites have been continuously improved and their clinical applications have been expanded. In this review article, the development of dental composites was summarized, including compositional changes, performance improvements in key areas, current research hot spots, and outlook for future direction. The intention is to provide a review of the history and development of dental composites with a discussion of strategies on addressing the current challenges facing dental composites. In addition, this review will provide a better understanding of dental composites and their properties for the practicing clinicians, to contribute to improving the quality of composite restorations. The review of literature indicates that while current composites are generally bio‐inert and can replace the missing tooth structure, future composites should be bioactive and therapeutic to inhibit caries, modulate biofilms, and protect the surrounding tooth structures, in order to increase the restoration longevity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48180.
Revealing the coral habitat effect on benthopelagic fauna diversity in the Santa Maria di Leuca cold‐water coral province using different devices and Bayesian hierarchical modelling
Authors: Capezzuto Francesca , Calculli Crescenza , Carlucci Roberto , Carluccio Angela , Maiorano Porzia , Pollice Alessio , Sion Letizia , Tursi Angelo , D'Onghia Gianfranco
Published: June 2019

Data from two experimental longline surveys and two video inspections carried out in Santa Maria di Leuca cold‐water coral province (Mediterranean Sea) during spring–autumn 2010 were used in order to compare the benthopelagic abundance and diversity between coral and non‐coral habitats and between different devices. The sampling was carried out in two types of habitat: a coral habitat with carbonate mounds and a non‐coral habitat characterized by intermound sea floor.

A Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach to accommodate factors influencing community assemblages was used considering the number of species, the Shannon–Wiener diversity index and the two most abundant species represented by the European conger (Conger conger) and blackbelly rosefish (Helicolenus dactylopterus).

A relevant effect of the habitat factor was observed for both the number of species and the diversity index, showing a higher species number and diversity index in the coral habitat than in the non‐coral habitat. Concerning the relevance of fixed effects from the model on the probability of observing non‐zero (positive) abundances, the devices considered, longline and baited lander, did not show different influence for either C. conger or H. dactylopterus. In the case of positive abundance, a relevant device effect was only observed for H. dactylopterus, showing higher abundances for longline than for baited lander. A habitat effect was detected, with positive abundances for both species in the coral habitat.

This study proves that structurally complex habitats generated by cold‐water corals influence the distribution and diversity of the benthopelagic fauna, and that the use of different devices can provide complementary useful results. Increased knowledge about the role of cold‐water corals in the associated benthopelagic fauna could lead to better conservation of one of the most important hot spots of biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea.
Scalable synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of 2‐(3‐(N‐(substituted phenyl)sulfamoyl)ureido)benzothiazoles
Authors: Cheraiet Zinelaabidine , Meliani Saida , Nessaib Mounir , Hessainia Sihem , Boukhari Abbas , Djahoudi Abdelghani , Regainia Zine
Published: June 2019

A new series of 2‐(3‐(N‐(substituted phenyl)sulfamoyl)ureido)benzothiazoles was synthesized via a one‐pot efficient and scalable method, involving the condensation of 2‐aminobenzothiazoles derivatives, substituted anilines, and chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. The products were obtained in good yield with a simple workup, and their structures were confirmed from their spectral analyses. The synthesized compounds were further screened for their antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative pathogenic strains. The molecules show promising activity in the MIC value range of 2–0.25 µg/ml against selected bacterial strains, especially against nonfermentative carbapenem‐resistant bacteria (Pseudo VIM‐2 and Acinetobacter baumanni).
A new video‐camera‐based visiometer system
Authors: Yu Zhibin , Wang Jingli , Liu Xulin , He Liu , Cai Xiaowei , Ruan Shunxian
Published: June 2019

We provide a novel design of atmosphere visibility measurement system with the contrast principle used in the naked eye visibility observation. The new digital photography visiometer system (DPVS), composed of a CCD camera and two identical targets, utilizes the contrast of dual targets to measure the visibility. Two operational modes are designed to enable the DPVS to accommodate the lighting conditions of the day and night. Two passive targets, black bodies, are employed for daytime visibility measurement, and two active lights, LED panels, are utilized for nighttime. The mathematical models of the dual targets for both daytime and nighttime are developed, and the sensitivity analysis shows the requirements of the hardware to achieve desired accuracy. The design of the target including the blackbody and the LED panel is briefly discussed, and the temperature dependence and stability of the LED panels are measured experimentally. Finally, the DPVS is compared with two commercial visibility devices, a forward scatter meter and a transmission meter for field validation. A 5‐day comparative experiment shows that the measurements of the DPVS generally well agree with those of the transmissometer and the forward scatter meter for visibility up to 15 km, and the relative bias of 87% of the DPVS measurements lies between −0.2 and 0.2.