bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal variation characteristics of extreme precipitation in the upper reaches of the Hongshui River Basin during 1959–2016
Authors: Huang Ya , Yi Ling , Xiao Weihua , Hou Guibing , Zhou Yuyan
Published: March 2021

Understanding changes in the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation is vital for flood control, disaster mitigation, and water resource management. In this study, 12 extreme precipitation indices and the best-fitting extreme value distribution were used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme precipitation in the upper reaches of the Hongshui River Basin (UHRB). The possible links between extreme precipitation and large-scale circulation were also investigated. Most extreme precipitation indices increased from west to east in the UHRB, indicating that the eastern region is a humid area with abundant precipitation. The indices for consecutive wet days (CWD) and precipitation events (R0.1) decreased significantly, indicating that the UHRB tends to be dry, with few precipitation events. The probability distribution functions of most extreme precipitation indices, especially that of R0.1, shifted significantly to the left in 1988–2016 compared with 1959–1987, further indicating that the UHRB has experienced a significant drying trend in recent decades. The East Asian summer monsoon and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation/Pacific Decadal Oscillation were confirmed to influence extreme precipitation in the UHRB. These findings are helpful for understanding extreme precipitation variation trends in the UHRB and provide references for further research.
Tocilizumab: From Rheumatic Diseases to COVID-19
Authors: Raiteri Alberto , Piscaglia Fabio , Granito Alessandro , Tovoli Francesco
Published: March 2021

Tocilizumab is a humanised interleukin-6 receptor-inhibiting monoclonal antibody that is currently
approved for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other immune-related conditions. Recently, tocilizumab
has been investigated as a possible treatment for severe coronavirus-induced disease 2019 (COVID-19). Despite
the lack of direct antiviral effects, tocilizumab could reduce the immune-induced organ damage caused by
severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection. Until recently, most reports on tocilizumab
for COVID-19 included a limited number of patients, preventing an overall evaluation of its efficacy
and safety for this specific condition. Therefore, we reviewed the literature regarding the physiopathological rationale
of tocilizumab for COVID-19 and its outcomes. We searched the MEDLINE database with the string
“(SARS-CoV-2 OR coronavirus OR COVID-19 OR MERS- cov OR SARS-cov) AND (IL-6 OR interleukin 6
OR tocilizumab)”. While the scientific rationale supporting tocilizumab for COVID-19 is solid, the evidence regarding
the outcomes remains controversial. Available data and results from ongoing trials will provide useful
information in the event of new COVID-19 outbreaks or future pandemics from different coronaviruses.
Administration of Exogenous Surfactant and Cytosolic Phospholipase A2α Inhibitors may Help COVID-19 Infected Patients with Chronic Diseases
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Abdalla
Published: March 2021

Background :

Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide public health
problem causing 347,070 deaths from December 25, 2019, till May 25, 2020. Phospholipids are
structural components of mammalian cytoskeleton and cell membranes. Phosphatidylglycerol is an
anionic lipid found in mammalian membranes in low amounts (1–2%) of the total phospholipids.
Also, phosphatidylglycerol suppresses viral attachment to the plasma membrane and subsequent replication
in lung cells. Phosphatidylglycerol depletion caused by over expression of cytosolic phospholipase
A2α induces lipid accumulation in lung alveoli and promotes acute respiratory distress
syndrome (ARDS). An exogenous-surfactant replacement has been successfully achieved in ARDS
and improved oxygenation and lung mechanics. Inhibition of cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha impairs
an early step of COVID-19 replication.

Aim:

The present study was carried out to explain the correlation between the administration of exogenous
artificial surfactant as well as cytosolic phospholipase A2α inhibitors to improve oxygenation
and lung mechanics and inhibit COVID-19 replication.

Methods:

Database research was carried out on Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, country-specific
journals, and following-up WHO reports published between December 25, 2019 – May 25,
2020.

Results:

Till 25 May 2020, coronavirus cases were 5,307,298, with 347,070 deathsand 2,314,849
recovered cases. According to the WHO reports, most COVID-19 deaths seen are in people who
suffered from other chronic diseases characterized by phospholipidosis and phosphatidylglycerol
deficiency, including hypertension, liver, heart, and lung diseases and diabetes. Phospholipases A2
(PLA2) catalyze the cleavage of fatty acids esterified at the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids
leading to enhanced inflammation and lung damage. Also, cytosolic phospholipase A2α inhibitors
may reduce the accumulation of viral proteins and RNA. In addition, administration of exogenous
phospholipid surfactant may help COVID-19 infected patients with ARDS to remove inflammatory
mediators.

Conclusion:

The present study showed a relation between phosphatidylglycerol deficiency in
COVID-19 infected patients with ARDS and/or chronic diseases and their mortality. These findings
also showed an important approach for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 infections
by using cytosolic phospholipase A2α inhibitors and exogenous administration of a specific phospholipid
surfactant.
Genomic Variation and Treatment Strategies of COVID-19: A Descriptive Review
Authors: Kundu Satyabrata , Singh Shamsher
Published: March 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was spread across China and affected more than 180 countries worldwide to date. SARS-CoV-2 is a beta coronavirus that shows genomic similarity with bat coronaviruses. The intermediate source in human viral transmission is caused by dromedary camels for MERS-CoV and civet cats for SARS-CoV. Transmission of the virus from human-to-human is achieved through close contact with infected persons. The genome of the coronavirus consists of four structural proteins, including Spike (S), Membrane (M), Envelop (E), and Nucleocapsid (N) proteins. These structural proteins are encoded within the genome 3' end. The spike protein is responsible for virus attachment to the host cell surface receptors (angiotensin converting enzyme-2 receptor), resulting in fusion and subsequently cell damage. The N protein, after binding, causes RNA genomic changes. The accessory proteins present in SARS-CoV open read frames (ORFs) are very similar to COVID 19. The COVID-19 infection triggered a number of deaths and even now affecting a number of confirmed cases. Coronavirus patients are characterized by pneumonia, cytokine storms, weakened lymphocytes, lymphocytopenia, and respiratory failure. However, the lack of antiviral vaccines permits emergency clinical trials since January 2020. Recently, several anti-viral drugs are being repositioned and restructured as part of an immediate investigation. In this review, we discussed the genomic sequence of SARS-CoV-2, its different features and current therapeutic strategies to combat this serious condition.
Work climate and employee performances: a literature observation
Authors: Permatasari Julia , Ratnawati Intan
Published: March 2021

This article mainly discusses the relationship between work climate and employee performance. Research on the relationship between work climate and employee performance still shows mixed results. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between work climate and employee performance by comparing the results of primary research on these two variables. The method used is a conceptual analysis of various previous studies in the last ten years. The results show that there is a significant and positive relationship between work climate and employee performance, especially in the Indonesian context where social relations take priority in society. This implies that managers must be able to create a favorable work climate to encourage employee performance improvement, although this is not the only thing that must be considered.
Focus. Een mijlpaal in de gereformeerde theologie
Authors: Moehn W.H.Th.
Published: March 2021

N.a.v.: Andreas J. Beck, William den Boer en Riemer A. Faber (red.), Synopsis Purioris  Theologiae/Synopsis of a Purer Theology: Latin Text and English Translation: dl. 3,  Disputations 43-52 [Studies in Medieval and Reformation Traditions, 222/Texts & Sources, 9]  (Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2020) xiii + 716 p., € 99,00 (ISBN 9789004329966).
Research Recommendations to Address Dementia Workforce Development Needs
Authors:   Bureau of Health Workforce, Health Resources and Services Administration, 5600 Fishers Lane, Rockville, MD, USA, Weiss Joan , Tumosa Nina , Espinoza Robert , Bragg Elizabeth , Morgan Jennifer Craft , Flatt Jason D. , McConnell Eleanor S. , Whiting Grace
Published: March 2021

This policy paper presents workforce development recommendations for research, clinical care and public stakeholders as they plan future research activities to strengthen the workforce to support the healthcare and social needs of persons living with dementia and their families and caregivers. To create these recommendations, the 2020 National Research Summit on Care, Services and Supports for Persons with Dementia and Their Caregivers (2020 Summit) convened a Workforce Development Stakeholder Workgroup. The Stakeholder Workgroup consisted of an interprofessional team of health professionals from academia, professional organizations, and the federal government with expertise in dementia workforce development. The resulting ten workforce development recommendations represent four themes: (1) Accountability by addressing progress towards implementing the 2017 Research Summit on Care, Services, and Supports for Persons with Dementia and their Caregivers (2017 Summit) workforce recommendations; (2) Improving recruitment, retention, and job quality for direct care workers; (3) Creating a tech-savvy and culturally competent workforce; and (4) Developing educational core competencies, domains and milestones. These recommendations will positively impact the ability of persons living with dementia and their caregivers to access person- and family-centred dementia care that promotes independence and quality of life among those navigating their dementia journey.
Displayed Depression Symptoms on Facebook at Two Time Points: Content Analysis
Authors: Moreno Megan A , Gaus Quintin , Wilt Megan , Arseniev-Koehler Alina , Ton Adrienne , Adrian Molly , VanderStoep Ann
Published: March 2021

Background

Depression is a prevalent and problematic mental disorder that often has an onset in adolescence. Previous studies have illustrated that depression disclosures on social media are common and may be linked to an individual’s experiences of depression. However, most studies have examined depression displays on social media at a single time point.

Objective

This study aims to investigate displayed depression symptoms on Facebook at 2 developmental time points based on symptom type and gender.

Methods

Participants were recruited from an ongoing longitudinal cohort study. The content analysis of text-based Facebook data over 1 year was conducted at 2 time points: time 1 (adolescence; age 17-18 years) and time 2 (young adulthood; ages 20-22 years). Diagnostic criteria for depression were applied to each post to identify the displayed depression symptoms. Data were extracted verbatim. The analysis included nonparametric tests for comparisons.

Results

A total of 78 participants’ Facebook profiles were examined, of which 40 (51%) were male. At time 1, 62% (48/78) of the adolescents had a Facebook profile, and 54% (26/78) displayed depression symptom references with an average of 9.4 (SD 3.1) references and 3.3 (SD 2.3) symptom types. Of the 78 participants, 15 (19%) females and 12 (15%) males displayed depression symptom references; these prevalence estimates were not significantly different by gender (P=.59). At time 2, 35 young adults displayed symptoms of depression with an average of 4.6 (SD 2.3) references and 2.4 (SD 1.3) symptom types. There were no differences in the prevalence of symptoms of depression displayed between males (n=19) and females (n=16; P=.63).

Conclusions

This content analysis study within an ongoing cohort study illustrates the differences in depression displays on Facebook by developmental stage and symptom. This study contributes to a growing body of literature by showing that using social media to observe and understand depression during the emerging adult developmental period may be a valuable approach.
Executive Function After Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Children in a South African Population: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Louw Jacobus Gidion , van Heerden Alastair , Olivier Leana , Lambrechts Tersius , Broodryk Mandi , Bunge Liska , Vosloo Martlé , Tomlinson Mark
Published: March 2021

Background

Alcohol is a teratogen; its consumption during pregnancy can lead to negative birth outcomes, collectively referred to as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. Neurodevelopmental delays in higher-order cognitive functions that affect development of executive functions are a common feature. Studies on executive function in children have focused on children diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, and there is a lack of information on the impact on children not diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder but who had been exposed to alcohol.

Objective

The aim of this study was to compare the development of executive function in children between 4 and 6 years of age with and without prenatal exposure to alcohol.

Methods

Children both exposed and not exposed to alcohol were recruited as part of a feasibility RCT evaluating a computer-based cognitive training program for improving executive function development. The study was conducted in a low–socioeconomic status community in South Africa with a high prevalence of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. Neurodevelopment was assessed in participating children; NEPSY-II standardized scores for executive function domains were compared using a multivariate analysis of variance with group membership as the predictor variable.

Results

No significant differences in executive functions assessments (P=.39) were found between children in the alcohol-exposed group (n=76) and those in the nonexposed group (n=40). Both groups showed moderate to severe delays in domains. In all but one subtest, the average score for both groups was below the 25th percentile of expected norms.

Conclusions

We expected that alcohol exposure would have a measurable impact on executive function development. The lack of differences highlights the prevalence of developmental delays in low–socioeconomic status communities in South Africa and suggests that children are exposed to various threats to cognitive development.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR2-10.2196/14489
Recommendations for Health Equity and Virtual Care Arising From the COVID-19 Pandemic: Narrative Review
Authors: Shaw James , Brewer LaPrincess C , Veinot Tiffany
Published: March 2021

Background

The COVID-19 health crisis has disproportionately impacted populations who have been historically marginalized in health care and public health, including low-income and racial and ethnic minority groups. Members of marginalized communities experience undue barriers to accessing health care through virtual care technologies, which have become the primary mode of ambulatory health care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. Insights generated during the COVID-19 pandemic can inform strategies to promote health equity in virtual care now and in the future.

Objective

The aim of this study is to generate insights arising from literature that was published in direct response to the widespread use of virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic, and had a primary focus on providing recommendations for promoting health equity in the delivery of virtual care.

Methods

We conducted a narrative review of literature on health equity and virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic published in 2020, describing strategies that have been proposed in the literature at three levels: (1) policy and government, (2) organizations and health systems, and (3) communities and patients.

Results

We highlight three strategies for promoting health equity through virtual care that have been underaddressed in this literature: (1) simplifying complex interfaces and workflows, (2) using supportive intermediaries, and (3) creating mechanisms through which marginalized community members can provide immediate input into the planning and delivery of virtual care.

Conclusions

We conclude by outlining three areas of work that are required to ensure that virtual care is employed in ways that are equity enhancing in a post–COVID-19 reality.
Beyond Getting Rid of Stupid Stuff in the Electronic Health Record (Beyond-GROSS): Protocol for a User-Centered, Mixed-Method Intervention to Improve the Electronic Health Record System
Authors: Otokiti Ahmed Umar , Craven Catherine K , Shetreat-Klein Avniel , Cohen Stacey , Darrow Bruce
Published: March 2021

Background

Up to 60% of health care providers experience one or more symptoms of burnout. Perceived clinician burden resulting in burnout arises from factors such as electronic health record (EHR) usability or lack thereof, perceived loss of autonomy, and documentation burden leading to less clinical time with patients. Burnout can have detrimental effects on health care quality and contributes to increased medical errors, decreased patient satisfaction, substance use, workforce attrition, and suicide.

Objective

This project aims to improve the user-centered design of the EHR by obtaining direct input from clinicians about deficiencies. Fixing identified deficiencies via user-centered design has the potential to improve usability, thereby increasing satisfaction by reducing EHR-induced burnout.

Methods

Quantitative and qualitative data will be obtained from clinician EHR users. The input will be received through a form built in a REDCap database via a link embedded in the home page of the EHR. The REDCap data will be analyzed in 2 main dimensions, based on nature of the input, what section of the EHR is affected, and what is required to fix the issue(s). Identified issues will be escalated to relevant stakeholders responsible for rectifying the problems identified. Data analysis, project evaluation, and lessons learned from the evaluation will be incorporated in a Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) manner every 4-6 weeks.

Results

The pilot phase of the study began in October 2020 in the Gastroenterology Division at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City, NY, which includes 39 physicians and 15 nurses. The pilot is expected to run over a 4-6–month period. The results of the REDCap data analysis will be reported within 1 month of completing the pilot phase. We will analyze the nature of requests received and the impact of rectified issues on the clinician EHR user. We expect that the results will reveal which sections of the EHR have the highest deficiencies while also highlighting issues about workflow difficulties. Perceived impact of the project on provider engagement, patient safety, and workflow efficiency will also be captured by evaluation survey and other qualitative methods where possible.

Conclusions

The project aims to improve user-centered design of the EHR by soliciting direct input from clinician EHR users. The ultimate goal is to improve efficiency, reduce EHR inefficiencies with the possibility of improving staff engagement, and lessen EHR-induced clinician burnout. Our project implementation includes using informatics expertise to achieve the desired state of a learning health system as recommended by the National Academy of Medicine as we facilitate feedback loops and rapid cycles of improvement.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/25148
Implementation of the Operating Room Black Box Research Program at the Ottawa Hospital Through Patient, Clinical, and Organizational Engagement: Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Boet Sylvain , Etherington Nicole , Lam Sandy , Lê Maxime , Proulx Laurie , Britton Meghan , Kenna Julie , Przybylak-Brouillard Antoine , Grimshaw Jeremy , Grantcharov Teodor , Singh Sukhbir
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

A large proportion of surgical patient harm is preventable; yet, our ability to systematically learn from these incidents and improve clinical practice remains limited. The Operating Room Black Box was developed to address the need for comprehensive assessments of clinical performance in the operating room. It captures synchronized audio, video, patient, and environmental clinical data in real time, which are subsequently analyzed by a combination of expert raters and software-based algorithms. Despite its significant potential to facilitate research and practice improvement, there are many potential implementation challenges at the institutional, clinician, and patient level. This paper summarizes our approach to implementation of the Operating Room Black Box at a large academic Canadian center.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to contribute to the development of evidence-based best practices for implementing innovative technology in the operating room for direct observation of the clinical performance by using the case of the Operating Room Black Box. Specifically, we outline the systematic approach to the Operating Room Black Box implementation undertaken at our center.

METHODS

Our implementation approach included seeking support from hospital leadership; building frontline support and a team of champions among patients, nurses, anesthesiologists, and surgeons; accounting for stakeholder perceptions using theory-informed qualitative interviews; engaging patients; and documenting the implementation process, including barriers and facilitators, using the consolidated framework for implementation research.

RESULTS

During the 12-month implementation period, we conducted 23 stakeholder engagement activities with over 200 participants. We recruited 10 clinician champions representing nursing, anesthesia, and surgery. We formally interviewed 15 patients and 17 perioperative clinicians and identified key themes to include in an information campaign run as part of the implementation process. Two patient partners were engaged and advised on communications as well as grant and protocol development. Many anticipated and unanticipated challenges were encountered at all levels. Implementation was ultimately successful, with the Operating Room Black Box installed in August 2018, and data collection beginning shortly thereafter.

CONCLUSIONS

This paper represents the first step toward evidence-guided implementation of technologies for direct observation of performance for research and quality improvement in surgery. With technology increasingly being used in health care settings, the health care community should aim to optimize implementation processes in the best interest of health care professionals and patients.
Public Interest in Cosmetic Surgical and Minimally Invasive Plastic Procedures During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Infodemiology Study of Twitter Data (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Wenhui , Wei Zhiru , Cheng Xu , Pang Ran , Zhang Han , Li Guangshuai
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic has brought drastic changes to the field of plastic surgery. It is critical for stakeholders in this field to identify the changes in public interest in plastic procedures to be adequately prepared to meet the challenges of the pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to examine tweets related to the public interest in plastic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic and to help stakeholders in the field of plastic surgery adjust their practices and sustain their operations during the current difficult situation of the pandemic.

METHODS

Using a web crawler, 73,963 publicly accessible tweets about the most common cosmetic surgical and minimally invasive plastic procedures were collected. The tweets were grouped into three phases, and the tweeting frequencies and Google Trends indices were examined. Tweeting frequency, sentiment, and word frequency analyses were performed with Python modules.

RESULTS

Tweeting frequency increased by 24.0% in phase 2 and decreased by 9.1% in phase 3. Tweets about breast augmentation, liposuction, and abdominoplasty (“tummy tuck”) procedures consecutively increased over the three phases of the pandemic. Interest in Botox and chemical peel procedures revived first when the lockdown was lifted. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a negative impact on public sentiment about plastic procedures. The word frequency pattern significantly changed after phase 1 and then remained relatively stable.

CONCLUSIONS

According to Twitter data, the public maintained their interest in plastic procedures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stakeholders should consider refocusing on breast augmentation, liposuction, and abdominoplasty procedures during the current phase of the pandemic. In the case of a second wave of COVID-19, stakeholders should prepare for a temporary surge of Botox and chemical peel procedures.
Community Based Diversity Management: Analysis of Community Activities Building Post-Conflict Social Harmony in Tual, Maluku Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rumahuru Yance Zadrak , Gaspersz Agustinus C. W.
Published: March 2021

Ethnic and religious diversity have often been used as a source of conflict between different groups of people. However, pluralistic societies’ local wisdom offers a potential tool for long-term building of peace. This study investigated the practice of diversity management by post-conflict communities in Tual, Maluku Province, Indonesia, along with the factors that support community-based diversity management and forms of activities that contribute to the creation of social harmony in the city. Research was conducted in 2017 through a field study, using qualitative methods to observe the ways in which community groups in the region developed post-conflict social harmony, with data constantly updated to determine the dynamics of diversity management in the community. Two important findings were made. First, shared cultural and historical factors, availability of public spaces for encounters, and traumatic transformation influence and support diversity management and contribute to the creation of social harmony in Tual. And second, several communities were built by community initiatives as the foundation of managing diversity.Community daily activities proved to be effective in ensuring long-term peace building. Based on the reality of social lives in Tual, this study confirmed that a cultural approach is still relevant in efforts to end communal conflict and build social harmony, and synergy between stakeholders is needed to strengthen the social and cultural capital owned by community groups in conflict areas.
Is Foreign Aid Effective?—A Review of William Easterly’s The White Man’s Burden
Authors: Zhu Elizabeth
Published: March 2021

This book review addresses the arguments against foreign aid that William Easterly sets forth in The White Man’s Burden. Specifically, it challenges Easterly’s distinction between “Planners” and “Searchers”, his support of homegrown solutions and criticism of the lack of feedback and accountability within aid agencies, and his skepticism of Western humanitarian intervention.
The Relationship of Teaching, Social and Cognitive Presence with Course Satisfaction in a TESL Programme Course in a Public University in Sabah, East Malaysia
Authors: Keong Tan, Choon , Keong Kon, Onn
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine whether teaching presence, social presence and cognitive presence were significant predictors of course satisfaction in a blended learning course at a public university in Sabah, East Malaysia. The research design was based on the Community of Inquiry framework survey involving 32 third-year undergraduates majoring in TESL (Teaching of English as a Second Language). Pearson r correlational analysis was used to determine the relationship between teaching presence, social presence, cognitive presence and course satisfaction. The findings of this study showed that both social presence and cognitive presence were significantly associated with course satisfaction, but not with teaching presence.
Transición de la educación media superior a la educación superior: estudio en la UNAM
Authors: Sánchez Mendiola Melchor , Herrera Penilla Careli Johana , Buzo Casanova Enrique Ricardo , García Minjares Manuel , Maya López Marypaola Janett , Martínez González Adrián
Published: March 2021

La Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) posee una matrícula diversa y basta. En el contexto de una institución de Educación Media Superior (EMS) y Educación Superior (EMS), el seguimiento de las trayectorias escolares de sus estudiantes, al considerar la transición entre estos niveles educativos, es una valiosa herramienta que permite identificar de manera precisa y adecuada, las necesidades de acompañamiento que se requieren a fin de abatir el abandono y el rezago escolar. En este estudio se explora el desempeño escolar y la eficiencia terminal de los estudiantes de la generación 2009 del bachillerato de la UNAM (ENP y CCH), durante su paso por dicho nivel educativo, así como su interrelación con el desempeño escolar y la regularidad durante el primer año de la licenciatura.
De un total de 34 070 estudiantes, el análisis de sus trayectorias escolares durante la EMS presentó abandono y rezago considerables, además de una baja eficiencia terminal (56.6%). Asimismo, se observa que uno de cada cuatro estudiantes que ingresa al bachillerato de la UNAM y lo concluye, es regular al término del primer año de la es. Derivado de estos resultados se hace evidente la importancia de seguir realizando este tipo de estudios, a fin de identificar de manera precisa las necesidades existentes dentro de estos niveles educativos en la UNAM, así como la inminente necesidad de desarrollar e impulsar estrategias institucionales que permitan amortiguar el impacto que genera la transición de la EMS a la es en los estudiantes.
Palabras clave: trayectoria escolar, desempeño académico, rezago escolar, eficiencia terminal, abandono escolar, educación media superior, educación superior.
Gambling in adolescents during the financial crisis in Greece
Authors: Paleologou Αssimina , Lazaratou Helen , Anagnostopoulos Dimitris , Trimpouki Afroditi , Economou Marina , Malliori Melpomeni , Papageorgiou Charalampos
Published: March 2021

Problem gambling emerges as a serious and ever growing problem of modern societies, largely affecting adolescents as well. The etiology of gambling disorder is complex and multifaceted as it is governed by multiple and interrelated factors. In this context and in light of the pervasive financial crisis in Greece, we conducted a study in order to explore adolescents’ gambling involvement in Athens region and also to identify the socio-economic characteristics of adolescents who have engaged into gambling activities. Students were recruited from a sample of schools in Athens area. For the assessment of gambling involvement in adolescents, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV Multiple Response Adapted for Juveniles Questionnaire (DSM-IV-MR-J) was administered. Additional self-constructed questions enquired about students’ socio-demographic and economic characteristics. Our results indicate that adolescents that had problem with gambling or had at least one pathological item on DSM were more likely to be boys and to have been born in a country other than Greece. Additionally, the proportion of those having at least one pathological item on DSM was greater in those with low school grades. Τhe lack of food in the household due to inability of providing food during the last month was significantly associated with both having problem with gambling and having at least one pathological item on DSM. Furthermore, having been worried that there would not be enough food during the last month and having been fed with a restrained variety of food due to lack of recourses were associated with at least one pathological item on DSM. These findings are congruent with the literature suggesting that youth living under poverty often resort to gambling. In conclusion, our results point out the adverse effects of the financial crisis on the development of problem gambling in adolescents within the Greek society. Problem gambling may have developed in response to the ubiquitous insecurity characterizing the Greek society during this rough time period. Interventions should prioritize endowing adolescents with the necessary coping skills for dealing with daily obstacles or life adversities productively and without losing their self-control.
KREATIVITAS GURU BERSERTIFIKASI DALAM PEMANFAATAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DI MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH NEGERI (MIN) 2 BANDA ACEH (The Creativity of Certified Teacher in Utilizing Learning Media in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 2 Banda Aceh)
Authors: Rahmadayani Ita , Lailatussaadah Lailatussaadah , Nya Dhin Cut
Published: March 2021

The quality of education is determined by teacher performance. While report shows that teacher performance is satisfactory, on the other hand, the quality of education in Aceh is desperate. The purpose of this study is to describe the creativity of certified teachers in utilizing learning media in MIN 2 Banda Aceh. The type of this research is qualitative and the subjects of this study were certified teachers and school principal. The data collection technique is through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data were analysed by Miles and Huberman's theory. The results of this research showed that there are four types of teacher creativities in utilizing learning media at MIN 2 Banda Aceh. First, fluency in thinking, teachers have the initiative in preparing learning media. Second, the flexibility of thinking, teachers use variety of learning medias in teaching. Third is originality, teachers’ innovation in preparing and using learning media. Fourth, elaboration, teachers and students collaborate in preparing learning media. The more creative the certified teacher in utilizing learning media, the more motivations in learning the students get. Thus, it improves student’s learning outcomes that contributes to the school quality and accreditation. Therefore, the teacher needs to be given further assistance so that the teacher can create and develop learning media with students, not only using the media that is already available.
A variação na concordância de número no sintagma nominal no português rural da serra fluminense: deriva ou contato?
Authors: Dália Jaqueline de Moraes Thurler , Ramacciotti Dante Eustachio Lucchesi
Published: March 2021

O artigo apresenta uma análise sociolinguística em tempo aparente da variação na concordância de número no Sintagma Nominal (SN), no português rural da Região Serrana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foi observada a aplicação ou não da regra no SN como um todo, no que se denominou abordagem sintagmática ou não-atomística. A análise variacionista baseou-se em uma amostra de fala vernácula colhida na zona rural do município de Nova Friburgo, com 35 informantes de duas gerações, distribuídos pelos dois sexos. Os dados colhidos na amostra de fala foram submetidos ao processamento quantitativo de cálculo multivariado, com a utilização do programa GoldVarb, para identificar os condicionamentos sociais do fenômeno variável. Assumiu-se que a variação na concordância nominal de número é o resultado de uma mudança induzida pelo contato entre línguas ocorrida no passado, considerando a história sociolinguística do Brasil como um todo e particularmente o multilinguismo presente na história da região, que congregou colonos suíços e alemães, além de colonos portugueses e brasileiros e africanos escravizados. Portanto, a hipótese que norteou toda a análise foi a de que o mecanismo da concordância nominal teria se erodido no passado em função do contato linguístico e atualmente estaria se recompondo em função do nivelamento linguístico que caracteriza o português popular desde meados do século XX, no contexto da polarização sociolinguística do Brasil. Os resultados empíricos comprovaram que o contato entre línguas atuou fortemente na formação das variedades populares do português do Brasil, afetando principalmente os mecanismos gramaticais que não têm valor informacional.
Ascensão de uma norma endógena do Português em Moçambique: Desafios e perspectivas
Authors: Firmino Gregório Domingos
Published: March 2021

O artigo apresenta a situação da língua portuguesa em Moçambique, mostrando aspectos relacionados com o percurso da sua implantação no país, desde o período colonial até ao momento actual. Depois de evidenciar aspectos históricos desta implantação, o artigo aponta que a língua portuguesa está num processo de nativização simbólica e estrutural, de que emergem formas peculiares do seu uso. Por fim, o artigo discute os desafios e perspectivas que a nativização impõe, face a necessidade do reconhecimento de uma norma endógena.
LANGUAGE AND ETHNICITY AMONG COLOURED STUDENTS IN CAPE TOWN
Authors: Savedra Mônica Maria Guimarães , Rosenberg Peter , Macedo Anderson Lucas
Published: March 2021

This paper raises the issue of the relationship between language and identity. This subject has been present not only in Sociolinguistics, but also in other social sciences in recent decades. The focus here is to describe and present the relationship between the Afrikaans language spoken by university students who are members of the Coloured population and the ethnolinguistic identity perceived by these speakers. The locus is the multicultural and multilingual Cape Town, located in the South African Western Cape province, where European colonization began. To achieve the objective of this article, we briefly present the language in question: its emergence, its history and by whom it is currently spoken. In addition, since we are dealing with a somehow hybrid ethnicity (“coloured”), we also use anthropological theoretical approaches to understand what is perceived as “ethnicity”. With regard to data collection, we use qualitative content analysis. Internet interviews were conducted through the platform known as Zoom. Eight students were interviewed and answered a set of questions about the social role of the varieties of Afrikaans in Cape Town, attitudes concerning language status and linguistic representation of identity and belonging, in which language(s) they feel best represented, among other issues. The results obtained from the interviews brought a broad understanding of the linguistic practices of these Coloured speakers.
L’essor d’une norme endogène au Québec : l’exemple du dictionnaire Usito
Authors: Cajolet-Laganière Hélène
Published: March 2021

L’article s’inscrit dans la thématique de la francophonie et l'essor de normes endogènes.  Il retrace les différentes étapes qui ont été parcourues au Québec, des quelques dizaines de canadianismes de bon aloi prescrits par l’Office de la langue française (OLF), en 1969, à une description scientifique du français en usage au Québec, explicitée et diffusée dans le dictionnaire en ligne Usito depuis 2014. L’article fait état des diverses études visant à caractériser le français québécois standard, notamment les marques et spécificités linguistiques propres au français québécois standard (particularités orthographiques, typographiques, morphologiques et lexicales dans tous les domaines de la vie courante et professionnelle). Il présente également l’aménagement de la variation linguistique et l’explicitation de la norme endogène dans le dictionnaire en ligne Usito. Il décrit, entre autres éléments, avec exemples tirés du dictionnaire, le traitement de la variation linguistique, la hiérarchisation des usages, dont les marques normatives, et autres éléments faisant partie de la norme endogène au Québec. Il montre en outre l’importance des marqueurs de l’identité culturelle (exemplification, citations, articles thématiques, etc.). Il s’attarde enfin aux aspects pédagogiques du dictionnaire (tolérance à l’erreur, structuration des articles, important réseau de liens hypertextes, tableau latéral à droite des articles, interface de navigation, etc.). Il conclut quant à l’importance de la mise à jour constante du contenu du dictionnaire, de son adaptation aux diverses clientèles visées et au renouvellement des fonctionnalités au regard de l’évolution des technologies, afin d’offrir une utilisation simple et instinctive de tous les aspects de la langue.
Languages in contact: sociolinguistic perspectives
Authors: Ledegen Gudrun , Pereira Telma
Published: March 2021

FOREWORD: Languages in contact: sociolinguistic perspectives
PRESUPPOSITION IN KIM NAMJOON’S SPEECH AT UNITED NATION GENERAL ASSEMBLY
Authors: Aminah Sayyidah
Published: March 2021

This research entitled ”Presupposition in Kim Nam Joon’s Speech at United Nation General Assembly. It is a descriptive analysis of speech that used types of presuppositions”. The objectives of this research are to know the types of presupposition and to find out the most dominant type of presupposition in the speech of Kim Namjun. The research method used qualitative descriptive and it is used to analyse the speech as a sample based on Guswita & Widodo's theory. They mention that six types of presupposition, there are; existential presupposition, factive presupposition, lexical presupposition, structural presupposition, non-factive presupposition, and counterfactual presupposition. In analyzing, the research watched the speech which lasts about six minutes, then transcribed, and analysed based on Guswita & Widodo's theory (2019). The result of this study shows that there are four types of presupposition in the speech; existential presuppositions, lexical presupposition, non-factive presupposition, and structural presupposition. With the percentage of existential is 20 or 62.05%, lexical are 9 or 28, 12%, structural are 2 or 6.25 %, and the last non-factive is just 1 or 3,12%. So, the most dominant type is commonly used in the Kim Namjun’s Speech at UNs General Assembly is existential presuppositions. Keywords:  Presupposition, UN’ General Assembly, Kim Namjoon’s Speech
TEACHING READING COMPREHENSION USING GROUP DISCUSSION
Authors: Rizwan Muhamad , Rachmijati Cynantia
Published: March 2021

English as the first foreign language in Indonesia has important learn. Some aspects in leaning  English cover listening, speaking reading and writing. All aspects are crucial for learners to be mastered thus, reading can be the essential aspect of all. In English reading, the difficulties that occur during the lesson is the activity.  It is necessary  for  teachers to establish a good reading activity to cover the teaching and learning activity. The author implemented group discussion to answer the problem in reading activity. The research is established by quantitative method quasi experimental design with pre test and posttest as the instrument of the research. The population is seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 4 CikalongWetan and the sample is 30 students of  7 A as experiment class and 30 students of 7 B as control class. The data collected is analyzed by SPSS using Mann Whitney U test with 0.05 level of significance. The result shows value of significance is 0.010 which is less than 0.05 coefficient level (0.010<0.05) which shows that the null hypothesis is rejected. In conclusion, there is significant difference between students’ reading comprehension in both class.Key Words : Group Discussion, Reading Comprehension
THE IMPLEMENTATION AND THE STUDENT'S RESPONSES OF GUIDED QUESTION TECHNIQUE IN TEACHING WRITING RECOUNT TEXT
Authors: Pertiwi Sinta , Kareviati Evie
Published: March 2021

The research is aimed to investigate the implementation and to find out student’s responses to the guided questions technique in teaching writing recount text. The research used descriptive qualitative method. The data was obtained from observation and questionnaire. The research was conducted at SMPN 5 Cimahi which the participant was the 35 students of VIII – G. The result of the research showed that the guided question technique was implemented under the theory. It can be seen from the use of basic questions to gathering the ideas and the steps of implementing the guided question technique were done while the teaching-learning process. Guided questions technique also helps students in understanding the material. Meanwhile, the students gave a positive response toward the guided questions technique's implementation with 76.3% of students agree that the guided question technique is interesting and easy to use. Moreover, with the average 97%, attention aspect being the highest average indicator which can be illustrated that the guided questions technique was interesting and enjoyable. Keywords: Writing, Recount text, Guided question, Student's response
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING TYPE TEAMS GAME TOURNAMENT (TGT) METHOD TO IMPROVE STUDENTS MOTIVATION IN LEARNING ENGLISH
Authors: Pransiska Ira Setia
Published: March 2021

The objective of this research is to describe the implementation of teams game tournament in learning English at SMP Pasundan 1 Cimahi. The research using descriptive qualitative method, and took 33 samples from seventh grade students. The writer collected data by interviewing and spreading questionnaires asked the students motivation which have 10 items adopted from Muhlisin, (2018). Percentage and descriptive explanations are applied in data processing. Based on this study, the writer found that; 1. The students became more active in learning activities, 2. The student’s teamwork and courage were increasing while discussing group time, and 3. The materials were easier to be accepted and understood by students. Those results indicated that the implementation of this method has enhanced the interest of students in learning English. From the questionnaires and interviews most of  the students choose to agree statements too. So, it showed us that the implementation of cooperative learning type teams game tournament method was successfully improving student’s motivation in learning English.Keywords:  Cooperative Learning, Teams Game Tournament, Students Motivation
THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN ONLINE LEARNING: AN EXAMINTATION TOWARDS ENGLISH TEACHERS’ PERCEPTION AND PRATICES
Authors: Mafruudloh Naajihah , Arifatin Fais Wahidatul , Chasanah Uswatun
Published: March 2021

Information technology is well developed today. This is shown by several applications that support online activities, social activities, commerce, services, and learning. In this pandemic situation (covid-19), several institutions provided policies to carry out online learning to prevent and minimize the spread of the Covid-19 virus. In this case, the institution committees ask the teachers and lecturers to provide online learning to students, especially in learning English. The purpose of this study was to determine the teachers' perceptions in online language learning. Researchers used a questionnaire instrument to conduct surveys and interviews to obtain qualitative data. This is aimed to observe the teachers’ perception towards online language teaching practices and changes in teaching to online teaching. The things encountered during learning, as well as obstacles faced by the English teacher. In online learning, teachers must be able to involve students so that the situation runs like face-to-face learning. The final results of this study will be useful for online language teachers, institutions, and all aspects involved in education.