bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of microalgae incorporation on physicochemical and textural properties in wheat bread formulation
Authors: García-Segovia Purificación , Pagán-Moreno María J , Lara Irene F , Martínez-Monzó Javier
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of different microalgae on physicochemical and textural properties of bread. Four species of microalgae Isochrysis galbana, Tetraselmis suecica, Scenedesmus almeriensis, and Nannochloropsis gaditana were used in this study. Properties such as water activity, pH, microbiological counts, viscosity, and color were analyzed to determine the effect of microalgae addition on sourdough. The technological quality of breads was analyzed in terms of physicochemical properties, color, texture profile, and porosity. The main effect of microalgae addition was changes in bread color, crust, and crumb that implies an increase of browning and an evolution to more green-yellow tonalities. The textural parameters of breads such as hardness, chewiness, and resilience are not modified by microalgae addition.
The Impact of Disasters and Major Incidents on Vulnerable Groups: Risk and Medical Assessment of Swedish Patients With Advanced Care at Home
Authors: Khorram-Manesh Amir , Yttermyr Jakob , Sörensson Josef , Carlström Eric
Published: March 2017

In this study, we assessed the overall risks that influence advanced care at home (ACH) patients enrolled in 8 municipalities in the western region of Sweden. We also conducted a medical assessment of a limited number of ACH cases based on the registered information from the university hospital in Gothenburg, with regard to survival after a disaster. Two different questionnaires were distributed, and the results were collected separately and analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis. The results indicate that there is a low level of preparedness among the health care service providers for addressing the needs of ACH patients following a major incident or disaster. For this group, the impact of a disaster depends on their vulnerability, specific diagnosis, the medical support required, and the duration of the incident or disaster.
State access patterns in stream parallel computations
Authors: Danelutto Marco , Kilpatrick Peter , Mencagli Gabriele , Torquati Massimo
Published: March 2017

We introduce a set of state access patterns suitable for managing accesses to states in parallel computations operating on streams. The state access patterns are useful for modelling typical stream parallel applications. We present a classification of the patterns according to the extent and way in which the state can be structured and accessed. We define precisely the state access patterns and discuss possible implementation schemas, performances and possibilities to manage adaptivity (parallelism degree) in the patterns. We present experimental results relative to implementations built on top of the structured parallel programming framework FastFlow that demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed access patterns.
Therapeutic Interventions of Cancers Using Intrinsically Disordered Proteins as Drug Targets: c-Myc as Model System
Authors: Kumar Deepak , Sharma Nitin , Giri Rajanish
Published: March 2017

The concept of protein intrinsic disorder has taken the driving seat to understand regulatory proteins in general. Reports suggest that in mammals nearly 75% of signalling proteins contain long disordered regions with greater than 30 amino acid residues. Therefore, intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) have been implicated in several human diseases and should be considered as potential novel drug targets. Moreover, intrinsic disorder provides a huge multifunctional capability to hub proteins such as c-Myc and p53. c-Myc is the hot spot for understanding and developing therapeutics against cancers and cancer stem cells. Our past understanding is mainly based on in vitro and in vivo experiments conducted using c-Myc as whole protein. Using the reductionist approach, c-Myc oncoprotein has been divided into structured and disordered domains. A wealth of data is available dealing with the structured perspectives of c-Myc, but understanding c-Myc in terms of disordered domains has just begun. Disorderness provides enormous flexibility to proteins in general for binding to numerous partners. Here, we have reviewed the current progress on understanding c-Myc using the emerging concept of IDPs.
Predicting horizontal impact sound transmission for complex floor systems: Using EN 12354-2:2000, finite element method, statistical energy analysis and analytical techniques
Authors: Park Aaron , Finley Richard , Cater John
Published: March 2017

Modifications to the New Zealand Building Code are currently being considered, which may create a requirement to assess impact noise horizontally not just vertically. The test would be similar to vertical tests as described in ISO 140-7:1998, but sound pressure levels are proposed to be measured instead in the closest living space in an adjacent apartment which shares a common floor system. This work seeks to identify and validate different mathematical and computational methods for predicting the results of horizontal impact tests. Three methodologies were tested: finite element method software, statistical energy analysis and an analytical solution derived from the governing partial differential equations. These methods were applied to two different floor systems: a concrete double tee floor and a concrete floor supported by concrete beams and columns. Limitations were found for all of the methods, and caution is advised when using these to design to horizontal impact noise criteria.
The effects of business cycles on tourism demand flows in small island destinations
Authors: Croes Robertico , Ridderstaat Jorge
Published: March 2017

This study examines the liaison between business cycles and tourism demand flows to Aruba and Barbados by considering the between- and within-dimensions of business cycle effects. The study demonstrates that business cycles have a causal, dynamic bearing on tourism demand cycles, depending on the intrinsic dimensions that connect the two cycles. The methodology includes panel data analysis (unit root, cointegration, and Granger causality testing) on a transformed annual time series from 1970 to 2014. The study reveals that negative cycles indicate larger effects than positive cycles. However, these effects are not always present, are of short-term duration, and transitory in nature—depending on the cycle interval, the source country, and the destination. The study indicates the nature of the relationship between business and tourism demand flow cycles, which could help tourism managers and policy makers refine their tourism development strategies.
Co-producing a digital educational programme for registered children’s nurses to improve care of children and young people admitted with self-harm
Authors: Latif Asam , Carter Timothy , Rychwalska-Brown Lucy , Wharrad Heather , Manning Joseph
Published: March 2017

Despite the increasing prevalence of hospital admissions for self-harm in children and young people (CYP), there is paucity of registered children’s nurse (rCN) training or involvement of children to improve care for this often stigmatized patient group. This article describes a participatory approach towards using co-production with CYP and rCN to develop a digital educational programme to improve nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and confidence in caring for CYP with self-harm injuries. A priority-setting workshop with rCNs was used to establish consensus of information needs. This was followed by an e-learning content development workshop undertaken with CYP whom had previously experienced hospital admissions for self-harm injuries. Findings from the nurse priority-setting workshop identified three educational priorities: (1) knowledge of self-harm, (2) effective communication and (3) risk management. The CYP subsequently developed these topic areas to ensure the contents and design of the e-learning resource had fidelity by reflecting the experiences of CYP and needs when cared for in hospital. This article illustrates that involving service users to co-develop educational materials is a feasible and important step in designing educational resources and ensures the content is relevant, appropriate and sensitive to both the recipient of care and those responsible for its delivery.
Who should pay for humanitarian intervention?
Authors: Hjorthen Fredrik D
Published: March 2017

While some suggestions have been made as to how the duty to undertake humanitarian intervention should be assigned to specific states, the question of how to assign the duty to carry the economic and material costs remains underexplored. In this paper, I argue that the most plausible answer to this question is found in a pluralist approach. First, we should look to the Contribution to Problem Principle, according to which the costs are shared based on the historical responsibility of states for the occurrence of atrocities. For the many cases where this principle does not apply or needs to be supplemented, I suggest a novel alternative in the Entitlement-adjusted Ability Principle, according to which costs should be distributed based on states' levels of resources that have been tainted by historical rights violations.
Developing Students’ Creative Self-Efficacy Based on Design-Thinking: Evaluation of an Elective University Course
Authors: Ohly Sandra , Plückthun Laura , Kissel Dorothea
Published: March 2017

The development of novel and useful ideas is a process that can be described in multiple steps, including information gathering, generating ideas and evaluating ideas. We evaluated a university course that was developed based on design thinking principles which employ similar steps. Our results show that the course was not effective in enhancing students' creative self-efficacy, the belief that they are able to generate novel and useful ideas. Comparison to previous training approaches lead to conclusions on how to improve the course, and to implications for future research.
Assessing glare, Part 4: Generic models predicting discomfort glare of light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yang Y , Luo MR , Huang WJ
Published: March 2017

Two generic models to predict the influence of the luminance uniformity and spectral power distribution of light-emitting diode luminaires on discomfort glare were developed. One model was an extension of the empirical Unified Glare Rating, the other was based on a colour appearance model for unrelated colours. A new experiment was carried out to verify the performance of the generic models. There were twelve glare sources, having three types of luminance uniformity and four spectral power distributions. The results showed both generic models outperformed Unified Glare Rating but gave similar performance to each other. The generic model based on the colour appearance model bridges the gap between glare perception and human vision theory.
From Criminological Heterogeneity to Coherent Classes
Authors: Fox Bryanna , DeLisi Matt
Published: March 2017

Although juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) are a pressing topic among researchers and juvenile justice practitioners, empirically driven typologies of JSOs using U.S. data are lacking. Here, we develop the first statistical typology of male and female JSOs using data from the United States selected from a sample of 4,143 JSOs referred to the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice. Significant predictors of juvenile sex offending (age of criminal onset, criminal history, impulsivity, empathy, depression, psychosis, and childhood sexual abuse) derived from the literature were used as grouping covariates to develop a profile of male and female JSOs using a latent class analysis (LCA). Results of the LCA show four unique subtypes of male JSOs and two subtypes of female JSOs exist within the data. These groups had differential compositions for key features such as criminal history and onset, psychopathologies, empathy and impulsivity, and sexual abuse victimization. These differences may be critical toward developing more tailored and effective correctional and treatment responses that balance containment and therapeutic approaches depending on the individual needs of the JSOs based upon their profile. Other practical and theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.
Prevalence and psychological sequelae of sexual abuse among individuals with an intellectual disability: A review of the recent literature
Authors: Byrne Gary
Published: March 2017

The impact of sexual abuse among those with an intellectual disability is an area in need of further research. The current article provides an in-depth narrative review of the sexual abuse literature relevant to individuals with an intellectual disability. The 29 articles included in this study focused on (a) the prevalence of sexual abuse, (b) the risk factors associated with this population, and (c) the psychological impact of abuse. The findings confirmed that children and adults with an intellectual disability are at a higher risk of sexual abuse than nondisabled peers. Research regarding risk factors is equivocal, with a range of possible factors indicated. Similarly, evidence suggests that there is no single diagnostic trajectory when dealing with the sequelae of sexual abuse among those with an intellectual disability. The article concludes by discussing recommendations for future research and development of policy around this area.
Broadcasting sport: Analogue markets and digital rights
Authors: López-González Hibai , Stavros Constantino , Smith Aaron CT
Published: March 2017

The future of sport broadcasting is uniquely positioned between the analogue paradigm of long-standing television broadcast networks and the digital prototype of agile new entrants. Juxtaposed between the two, sport consumers are being marshalled into digital enclosures for efficient commodification. In this article, we map the collision and the disorderly consequences of this juxtaposition between the analogue and the digital markets. We consider the current development of digital media rights through a series of brief illustrative examples in key sports and markets and then look ahead to explore what the future of sport broadcasting might become and posit the impact of digital technologies on the business models of broadcasters, sport content owners, and consumers.
Applying a health literacy lens to youth sport: a focus on doping prevention in Germany
Authors: Vamos Sandra , Steinmann Annika
Published: March 2017

There are two camps when it comes to youth in high-performance sports and whether competition is good or destructive. Despite opportunities for positive development, the demands of increasing competitive levels and related situational stressors among young athletes can be a double-edged sword. Doping is becoming increasingly popular and more readily available to the youth sports population. Improving the health of youth in competitive sport requires us to think about health and its determinants in a more sophisticated manner. We share a current initiative in Germany that reflects this broader thinking by integrating ‘education for health literacy’ as one strategy in youth sport settings with regard to doping prevention. Implications and emerging opportunities to take further action for doping prevention and health improvement applicable for German and global contexts are offered.
Large Mammal Use of Linear Remnant Forests in an Industrial Pulpwood Plantation in Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Yaap Betsy , Magrach Ainhoa , Clements Gopalasamy Reuben , McClure Christopher J. W. , Paoli Gary D. , Laurance William F.
Published: March 2017

Riparian forests are often the last remaining areas of natural vegetation in agricultural and plantation forestry landscapes. Covering millions of hectares of land in Indonesia, industrial pulpwood plantations have rapidly replaced native forests. Our study aimed to better understand the conservation importance of linear remnants of riparian forest by examining their use by larger (>1 kg) mammal species. Our study site was located within an extensive acacia ( Acacia mangium) plantation adjoining Tesso Nilo National Park in Sumatra, Indonesia. Camera traps were used to detect mammals at 57 sites to assess the effects of corridor design and land cover covariates and species behavioral traits on mammal habitat use of four linear riparian forests. We recorded 17 species (including one International Union for Conservation of Nature [IUCN] Critically Endangered, two Endangered, and four Vulnerable) in riparian forests inside the plantation, including the Sumatran tiger ( Panthera tigris sumatrae), Malay tapir ( Tapirus indicus), and sun bear ( Helarctos malayanus). Some threatened species were only detected in the park buffer zone. Species varied in their responses to riparian forests, but distance to the national park, remnant width, and percent forest cover around the camera site were common predictors of remnant use. Many mammal species used riparian forests regardless of whether they were surrounded by intact acacia forests or recently cleared land. Our results indicate that linear remnant riparian forests ≤ 200 m in width can facilitate local (< 4 km) movements of many large mammal species in Sumatra, but wider riparian remnants would likely be more effective at promoting mammal movements over longer distances.
Long-term prognostic value of delirium in elderly patients with acute cardiac diseases admitted to two cardiac intensive care units: a prospective study (DELIRIUM CORDIS)
Authors: Falsini Giovanni , Grotti Simone , Porto Italo , Toccafondi Giulio , Fraticelli Aureliano , Angioli Paolo , Ducci Kenneth , Liistro Francesco , Pieroni Maurizio , Taddei Tamara , Romanelli Serena , Rossi Roberto , Bolognese Leonardo
Published: March 2017

Background:

Delirium is a frequent in-hospital complication in elderly patients, and is associated with poor clinical outcome. Its clinical impact, however, has not yet been fully addressed in the setting of the cardiac intensive care unit (CICU). The present study is a prospective, two-centre registry aimed at assessing the incidence, prevalence and significance of delirium in elderly patients with acute cardiac diseases.

Methods:

Between January 2014 and March 2015, all consecutive patients aged 65 years or older admitted to the CICU of our institutions were enrolled and followed for 6 months. Delirium was defined according to the confusion assessment method.

Results:

During the study period, 726 patients were screened for delirium. The mean age was 79.1±7.8 years. A total of 111 individuals (15.3%) were diagnosed with delirium; of them, 46 (41.4%) showed prevalent delirium (PD), while 65 (58.6%) developed incident delirium (ID). Patients 85 years or older showed a delirium rate of 52.3%. Hospital stay was longer in delirious versus non-delirious patients. Patients with delirium showed higher in-hospital, 30-day and 6-month mortality compared to non-delirious patients, irrespective of the onset time (overall, ID or PD). Six-month re-hospitalisation was significantly higher in overall delirium and the PD group, as compared to non-delirious patients. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a significant reduction of 6-month survival in patients with delirium compared to those without, irrespective of delirium onset time (i.e. ID or PD). A positive confusion assessment method was an independent predictor of short and long-term mortality.

Conclusions:

Delirium is a common complication in elderly CICU patients, and is associated with a longer and more complicated hospital stay and increased short and long-term mortality. Our findings suggest the usefulness of a protocol for the early identification of delirium in the CICU. Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02004665
Emerging Between Two Worlds
Authors: Polenova Elena , Vedral Amie , Brisson Leanna , Zinn Leanne
Published: March 2017

This study examines career identity formation of Asian American college students from first-generation immigrant families as a model of acculturation. The interaction between collectivist and individualistic values was explored through analysis of longitudinal interview data. The semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 participants across 4 years of college. We utilized a hybrid deductive–inductive approach for thematic analysis of interviews and matrices to visualize longitudinal trajectories. Factors impacting career identity development were family influence—including cultural values, parental pressure, cultural capital and family obligation, and individual characteristics—including identity style, locus of control, and personal motivation. Longitudinal development proceeded along four trajectories: continual foreclosure, moratorium to achievement, foreclosure to achievement, and continual diffusion. Our results indicate that career identity development for Asian American college students is characterized by the interaction between two cultures and individual characteristics. Implications for counseling and higher education are discussed.
Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Repair Versus Reconstruction for Recurrent Patellar Instability
Authors: Dragoo Jason L. , Nguyen Michael , Gatewood Corey T. , Taunton Jacob D. , Young Simon
Published: March 2017

Background:

Patellar instability remains a challenging problem for both the patient and surgeon. Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) repair has historically had poor results, and due to this, there is currently a trend toward reconstruction.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

This study was undertaken to investigate experience with repair versus reconstruction of the MPFL using a multifactorial treatment algorithm approach. Our hypothesis was that there will be no significant difference in outcome scores between patients in the MPFL repair and reconstruction groups.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A total of 24 patients with recurrent (≥2) lateral patellar dislocations were included. All had failed nonoperative treatment for more than 6 months, and all were observed for a minimum of 2 years. First, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to find the location of the MPFL tear. A tilt test was used to determine whether a lateral retinacular lengthening was required to allow the patella to have neutral tilt. If the MRI showed a tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance greater than 20 mm, a tibial tubercle osteotomy (TTO) was recommended. An MPFL reconstruction was performed if the entire ligament was inadequately visualized on MRI or if it was torn from both insertion sites. Failure was defined as recurrent lateral patellar instability after surgery. As a secondary outcome measure, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), Lysholm score, and Tegner score were calculated.

Results:

All patients were evaluated with a mean follow-up of 51 months (range, 25-79 months). Sixteen patients initially underwent MPFL repair, 8 underwent reconstruction, and 3 also underwent TTO. MPFL reconstructions were performed in all patients who underwent TTO. One MPFL repair was to the anatomic femoral origin and 15 were to the patellar insertion corresponding to the site of tearing on MRI. A lateral retinacular lengthening was performed in 21 patients. There was 1 failure in the repair group (6%) and none in the reconstruction group. However, the patient who failed had a TT-TG distance of 26 mm but refused a TTO. She subsequently underwent revision with a TTO and MPFL reconstruction and did not have any further instability events. There were no significant differences between groups for any of the secondary outcome scores.

Conclusion:

Using an algorithm-based approach, MPFL repair or reconstruction may lead to clinically acceptable results at 2-year follow-up.
Bayesian Analysis of the Association between Family-Level Factors and Siblings’ Dental Caries
Authors: Wen A. , Weyant R.J. , McNeil D.W. , Crout R.J. , Neiswanger K. , Marazita M.L. , Foxman B.
Published: March 2017

We conducted a Bayesian analysis of the association between family-level socioeconomic status and smoking and the prevalence of dental caries among siblings (children from infant to 14 y) among children living in rural and urban Northern Appalachia using data from the Center for Oral Health Research in Appalachia (COHRA). The observed proportion of siblings sharing caries was significantly different from predicted assuming siblings’ caries status was independent. Using a Bayesian hierarchical model, we found the inclusion of a household factor significantly improved the goodness of fit. Other findings showed an inverse association between parental education and siblings’ caries and a positive association between households with smokers and siblings’ caries. Our study strengthens existing evidence suggesting that increased parental education and decreased parental cigarette smoking are associated with reduced childhood caries in the household. Our results also demonstrate the value of a Bayesian approach, which allows us to include household as a random effect, thereby providing more accurate estimates than obtained using generalized linear mixed models.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: Siblings living in the same household tend to share caries status, and selected household factors, such as parental education and smoking, are strongly associated with caries development among siblings. These high-risk households might be targeted for appropriate educational and other interventions to reduce caries risk.
The Auckland Endophthalmitis Study
Authors: Cunningham William James , Michael Eugene , Welch Sarah , Crosby Niall , Host Benjamin , Polkinghorne Philip
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

To report on the incidence and management of endophthalmitis following intravitreal bevacizumab in Auckland, New Zealand.

Method:

A survey of facilities in Auckland performing intravitreal bevacizumab between January 2007 and December 2014 was undertaken. The clinical notes of patients presenting with bevacizumab-related endophthalmitis were analyzed.

Results:

During the study period, 39 657 intravitreal bevacizumab injections were performed, with 21 patients undergoing treatment for bevacizumab-related endophthalmitis. The incidence of endophthalmitis was 0.053% (1 per 1888 injections). Most patients (76%) were treated within 4 hours from admission to hospital. Fifteen patients received vitreous tap and inject as primary treatment. From 2013 onward, there was a trend toward vitrectomy surgery as the primary intervention, with 72% of cases receiving vitrectomy as first-line treatment. Those who underwent vitrectomy were more likely to return a culture-positive result ( P = .030). After treatment, the majority of patients displayed an improvement in visual acuity (67%).

Conclusion:

Endophthalmitis is a rare complication of intravitreal bevacizumab treatment, with an incidence of 1 per 1888 injections in our region. There has been a shift favoring primary vitrectomy surgery in the treatment of endophthalmitis, with those undergoing vitrectomy more likely to return a positive culture result.
Pulmonary endarterectomy in the management of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension
Authors: Jenkins David , Madani Michael , Fadel Elie , D'Armini Andrea Maria , Mayer Eckhard
Published: March 2017

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a type of pulmonary hypertension, resulting from fibrotic transformation of pulmonary artery clots causing chronic obstruction in macroscopic pulmonary arteries and associated vascular remodelling in the microvasculature.

Pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA) offers the best chance of symptomatic and prognostic improvement in eligible patients; in expert centres, it has excellent results. Current in-hospital mortality rates are <5% and survival is >90% at 1 year and >70% at 10 years. However, PEA, is a complex procedure and relies on a multidisciplinary CTEPH team led by an experienced surgeon to decide on an individual's operability, which is determined primarily by lesion location and the haemodynamic parameters. Therefore, treatment of patients with CTEPH depends largely on subjective judgements of eligibility for surgery by the CTEPH team.

Other controversies discussed in this article include eligibility for PEAversusballoon pulmonary angioplasty, the new treatment algorithm in the European Society of Cardiology/European Respiratory Society guidelines and the definition of an “expert centre” for the management of this condition.
Size Limitations for Piles in Seismic Regions
Authors: Di Laora Raffaele , Mylonakis George , Mandolini Alessandro
Published: March 2017

A novel theoretical study exploring the importance of pile diameter in resisting seismic actions of both the kinematic and the inertial type is reported. With reference to a pile under a restraining cap, it is shown analytically that for any given set of design parameters, a range of admissible pile diameters exists, bounded by a minimum and a maximum value above and below which the pile will yield at the top even with highest material quality and amount of reinforcement. The critical diameters depend mainly on seismicity, soil stiffness and safety factor against gravity loading, and to a lesser extent on structural strength. This scale effect is not present at interfaces separating soil layers of different stiffness, yet it may govern design at the pile head. The work at hand deals with both steel and concrete piles embedded in soils of uniform or increasing stiffness with depth. Closed-form solutions are derived for a number of cases, while others are treated numerically. Application examples and design issues are discussed.
Effects of Sevoflurane on Hemodynamics and Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase/Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Signaling Pathway in a Rat Model of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Authors: Qin Gang , Luo Hui , Yin Xiaoqing , Wang Lu , Zhang Junjie , Cao Yanan , Zhang Zhong , Ye Zhi , Wang E.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND:

The effects of sevoflurane on right ventricular (RV) function are incompletely understood. In a rat model of experimentally induced pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), we studied effects of sevoflurane on RV function and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase/soluble guanylate cyclase (iNOS/sGC) signaling pathway. We hypothesized that sevoflurane would improve RV function in rats with PAH via a iNOS/sGC pathway.

METHODS:

To induce PAH, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to treatment with monocrotaline or normal saline. Four weeks later, rats were then randomly assigned to either control or sevoflurane inhalation. After rats were anesthetized and instrumented with a pulmonary artery or RV conductance catheter, they were treated with inhaled sevoflurane at 3 doses for 90 minutes each. Hemodynamic changes and expression of iNOS and sGC were recorded.

RESULTS:

Sevoflurane inhalation depressed RV function in both normal and PAH rats. However, RV dP/dtmax fell to a lesser degree in rats with PAH than normal rats. Sevoflurane inhalation increased iNOS expression, but decreased sGC expression.

CONCLUSIONS:

Sevoflurane depressed RV contractility to a lesser degree in PAH than in normal rats. Sevoflurane also upregulated iNOS expression and downregulated sGC expression in PAH, but not control rats. This observation may explain the differential effects of sevoflurane on RV function in rats with and without PAH.
In the Beginning—There Is the Introduction—and Your Study Hypothesis
Authors: Vetter Thomas R. , Mascha Edward J.
Published: March 2017

Writing a manuscript for a medical journal is very akin to writing a newspaper article—albeit a scholarly one. Like any journalist, you have a story to tell. You need to tell your story in a way that is easy to follow and makes a compelling case to the reader. Although recommended since the beginning of the 20th century, the conventional Introduction-Methods-Results-And-Discussion (IMRAD) scientific reporting structure has only been the standard since the 1980s. The Introduction should be focused and succinct in communicating the significance, background, rationale, study aims or objectives, and the primary (and secondary, if appropriate) study hypotheses. Hypothesis testing involves posing both a null and an alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis proposes that no difference or association exists on the outcome variable of interest between the interventions or groups being compared. The alternative hypothesis is the opposite of the null hypothesis and thus typically proposes that a difference in the population does exist between the groups being compared on the parameter of interest. Most investigators seek to reject the null hypothesis because of their expectation that the studied intervention does result in a difference between the study groups or that the association of interest does exist. Therefore, in most clinical and basic science studies and manuscripts, the alternative hypothesis is stated, not the null hypothesis. Also, in the Introduction, the alternative hypothesis is typically stated in the direction of interest, or the expected direction. However, when assessing the association of interest, researchers typically look in both directions (ie, favoring 1 group or the other) by conducting a 2-tailed statistical test because the true direction of the effect is typically not known, and either direction would be important to report.
The “Natural Rhythm” Of Chinese Poetry: Physical and Linguistic Perspectives Since 1919
Authors: Cheng Yu-yu
Published: March 2017

During the literary revolution, Hu Shi 胡適 (1891–1962) advocated the concept of natural rhythm, emphasizing the liberation of sound and the segmentation of meaning. Since 1919, his writings have attracted a great number of writers to reconceptualize the meaning and function of poetry and language. This study reviews critical discussions of the relationships among sound, meaning, and poetry by a number of Chinese scholars, from Tang Yue 唐鉞 (1891–1987) and Hu Pu'an 胡樸安 (1878–1947), to Chen Shih-hsiang 陳世驤 (1912–71), among others. Their discussions of rhythm and the relation it has to emotion and motion have yet to attract enough critical attention in the English-speaking world. This article explains how these scholars built on or challenged Hu Shi's findings to provide new ways of assessing the production of sound and meaning in Chinese language and literature.
In Search of Humanity in the Mao Era: The Contemporary Classical Poetry of Chen Yinke, Nie Gannu, and Wang Xindi
Authors: Zhongyi Xia
Published: March 2017

This article argues that the classical verse of three twentieth-century writers, Chen Yinke 陳寅恪 (1890–1969), Nie Gannu 聶紺弩 (1903–86), and Wang Xindi 王辛笛 (1912–2004), is significant to the canon of contemporary Chinese literature. The literary historical merit of their poetry is due not only to its aesthetic accomplishments but even more to the poets' specific responses to the challenges posed to human dignity during the thought reform campaigns of the 1950s and the Cultural Revolution. Whereas Chen Yinke's last twenty years demonstrate the faith and hauteur of a scholar who wore the mantle of the entire classical tradition, Nie Gannu expresses the deepest despair through deceptively humorous rustic topics, and Wang Xindi's grief over separation and loss recall Du Fu's poetry of the An Lushan Rebellion. Although the thirty years between the establishment of the People's Republic of China through the end of the Cultural Revolution may have been a time when intellectuals were intimidated into conformity or silence, these three poets show that such hardship created an opportunity to exalt the spirit of individual dignity, if only through poetry.
Analysis of axonal trafficking via a novel live imaging technique reveals distinct Hedgehog transport kinetics
Authors: Daniele Joseph R. , Baqri Rehan M. , Kunes Samuel
Published: March 2017

The Drosophila melanogaster (Dmel) eye is an ideal model to study development, intracellular signaling, behavior, and neurodegenerative disease. Interestingly, dynamic data is not commonly employed to investigate eye-specific disease models. Using axonal transport of the morphogen Hedgehog (Hh), which is integral to Dmel eye-brain development and implicated in stem cell maintenance and neoplastic disease, we demonstrate the ability to comprehensively quantify and characterize its trafficking in various neuron types and a neurodegeneration model in live early 3rd instar larval Drosophila. We find that neuronal Hh, whose kinetics have not been reported previously, favors fast anterograde transport and varies in speed and flux with respect to axonal position. This suggests distinct trafficking pathways along the axon. Lastly, we report abnormal transport of Hh in an accepted model of photoreceptor neurodegeneration. As a technical complement to existing eye-specific disease models, we demonstrate the ability to directly visualize transport in real time in intact and live animals and track secreted cargoes from the axon to their release points. Particle dynamics can now be precisely calculated and we posit that this method could be conveniently applied to characterizing disease pathogenesis and genetic screening in other established models of neurodegeneration.
A novel proteolytic event controls Hedgehog intracellular sorting and distribution to receptive fields
Authors: Daniele Joseph R. , Chu Tehyen , Kunes Sam
Published: March 2017

The patterning activity of a morphogen depends on secretion and dispersal mechanisms that shape its distribution to the cells of a receptive field. In the case of the protein Hedgehog (Hh), these mechanisms of secretion and transmission remain unclear. In the developing Drosophila visual system, Hedgehog is partitioned for release at opposite poles of photoreceptor neurons. Release into the retina regulates the progression of eye development; axon transport and release at axon termini trigger the development of postsynaptic neurons in the brain. Here we show that this binary targeting decision is controlled by a C-terminal proteolysis. Hh with an intact C-terminus undergoes axonal transport, whereas a C-terminal proteolysis enables Hedgehog to remain in the retina, creating a balance between eye and brain development. Thus, we define a novel mechanism for the apical/basal targeting of this developmentally important protein and posit that similar post-translational regulation could underlie the polarity of related ligands.
How are base excision DNA repair pathways deployed in vivo?
Authors: Thapar Upasna , Demple Bruce
Published: March 2017

Since the discovery of the base excision repair (BER) system for DNA more than 40 years ago, new branches of the pathway have been revealed at the biochemical level byin vitrostudies. Largely for technical reasons, however, the confirmation of these subpathwaysin vivohas been elusive. We review methods that have been used to explore BER in mammalian cells, indicate where there are important knowledge gaps to fill, and suggest a way to address them.
Recent advances in managing and understanding uveitis
Authors: Chen Shih-Chou , Sheu Shwu-Jiuan
Published: March 2017

Uveitis is a sight-threatening disease entity with intraocular inflammation that arises from various causes. It mainly affects working-age individuals and may lead to irreversible visual loss if not treated properly in a timely manner. This article reviews recent advances in the management and understanding of uveitis since 2014, including treatment with new immunosuppressive therapies that use biological agents, local therapy with steroid implants, and imaging studies for the evaluation of uveitis.
State Youth Policy: Peculiarities of Implementation and Reflection in the State Programs of the Russian Federation and Moscow City
Authors: Любина  , Lyubina O.
Published: March 2017

The article considers the essence of the state youth policy and the directions of its implementation at the level of the Russian Federation and Moscow city. The analysis of government programs is made from a position of reflection in them of youth policy events. The necessity of common approaches development to the legal regulation of the state youth policy in the Russian Federation and its subjects is expressed.
Corporate Governance in Companies with State Participation
Authors: Харчилава  , Kharchilava Khvicha , Боттаев  , Bottaev A.
Published: March 2017

In modern conditions the ongoing development of corporate governance in our country due to several

factors. First of all, the Russian economy is increasingly involved in the economic processes of globalization,

increased interaction of large Russian companies with the global financial market. In addition, Russia’s

largest company significantly expanded its international activities, including through the acquisition of foreign

assets. Joint-stock medium-sized companies have realized the need to attract external financing through

the search for a strategic investor or access to stock markets. Significant changes made to the corporate

legislation.
Mobile health (m-Health) for diabetes management
Authors: Istepanian Robert S H , Casiglia Donatella , Gregory John W
Published: March 2017

Diabetes is a major health challenge with a global impact regardless of age, country or economic condition. The increased prevalence of diabetes is reaching alarming levels. The necessity and urgency to find innovative care delivery solutions is becoming more important, particularly in the digital age. It is expected in the near future that more people with diabetes, especially the younger generations will be empowered by their smartphones and relevant mobile health (m-Health) innovations, to take more responsibility of their condition. Clinicians and healthcare providers are increasingly likely to assume the role of ‘navigators’ and ‘advisors’ rather than simply the medical gatekeeper for their patients. In this article, we describe the general architecture of current m-Health systems and applications for diabetes management. We also discuss the clinical evidence for impact from these important and innovative approaches to diabetes self-care and management and likely future trends in their usage. The latest statistics indicate that there are more than 1200 diabetes smartphone ‘apps’ and this area is growing exponentially in terms of ideas, technologies, devices and the associated industry. M-Health for diabetes care is now a major business stream for the medical device, mobile phone and IT telecommunication industries with high expectations arising from the potential benefits to be gained by both patients and healthcare providers. However, this potential has not yet been fully developed on the clinical side. This may be due to many factors including the reluctance of clinicians to engage with these technologies due to the lack of clinical evidence for their efficacy, poor adherence of people with diabetes to long-term use of these apps and the reluctance of healthcare funders to reimburse mobile diabetes.
Why people dance – evolution, sociality and dance
Authors: Grau Andrée
Published: March 2017

Dance, along with song and body percussion, emanates from the body. All three therefore can be said to belong to the most elementary artistic processes. Anthropologist John Blacking believed that they were ‘a special kind of exercise of sensory, communicative and cooperative powers that is as fundamental to the making and remaking of human nature as speech’. The article engages with such an idea and examines the significance of dance in human evolution, moving away from the usual schema that presents bipedalism and the development of language as the two key moments in human evolution. It proposes instead another stage in-between, that it was the ability to move together in time that allowed collaboration among individuals, which led to the acquisition of language, and, therefore, culture. The article also investigates what can be loosely called the ‘power’ of dance. Dance is seen as powerful because it integrates intellect, our mental apparatus that engages primarily with reason and cognition, and affect, which emphasizes feeling and emotion. Three examples from Europe, Oceania, and Africa are discussed to demonstrate the similarities of the ways dancers have articulated what can be called, for expediency, a shared aesthetic experience bringing a heightened state of consciousness. Through such examples, dance is presented as a multi-sensory pursuit that connects human beings in a particular kind of relationship, which gives dance its power.
Inspiration or prototype? Appropriation and exploitation in the fashion industry
Authors: Ayres Jennifer
Published: March 2017

In this article I focus on the fashion industry’s relationship to vintage garments as design inspiration and product prototype. I analyse how appropriation of vintage is rationalized in standard industry practice and how ethical boundaries are drawn and maintained between ‘appropriation’ and ‘inspiration’ in the creative process. When talking with designers the discussion of inspiration and appropriation quickly becomes a personal and subjective discussion about the integrity of the design process and labour. So any discussion of creativity and industry practices has a responsibility to address the rank and file workers who bring artistic visions to life. Interns and employees in the industry were expected to knock-off other designs and designers while their own creativity was stifled and/or exploited. The central contradiction that emerges from this research is how an industry known for its creativity and ingenuity – notably an industry that polices copyright infringements around the world – routinely engages in practices of forgery that weaken both its claims to authorship and the lucrative status of designer-as-artistic-genius. I contend it is crucial to explore these issues through the situated and local everyday practices in the fashion industry in order to understand how these contradictions are navigated and even made profitable.
Exhibition Reviews
Authors: Williams Gwyneth I. , Winters Nina
Published: March 2017

LITTLE BLACK DRESS: FROM MOURNING TO NIGHT, MISSOURI HISTORY MUSEUM, ST. LOUIS, MO, USA, 2 APRIL 2016–5 SEPTEMBER 2016

ALEXANDER MCQUEEN: SAVAGE BEAUTY, LONDON, 14 MARCH–2 AUGUST 2015
Book Reviews
Authors: Anders Ellen , Becker Annette , Becker Annette , Brewster Maureen , Kinley Tammy , Delgado Henry Navarro
Published: March 2017

COSTUME DESIGN SINCE 1945: HISTORICAL DRESS FROM COUTURE TO STREET STYLE, DEIRDRE CLANCY (2015) 2nd ed. London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 280 pp., ISBN: 9781472539403, h/bk/ ISBN: 9781472524249, p/bk, €21.99

THE DRESS DETECTIVE, INGRID MIDA AND ALEXANDRA KIM (2015) London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 224pp., ISBN: 9781472573971, p/bk, $39.95

THE FIRST BOOK OF FASHION: THE BOOK OF CLOTHES OF MATTHÄUS & VEIT KONRAD SCHWARZ OF AUGSBURG, ULINKA RUBLACK AND MARIA HAYWARD (EDS) (2015) London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 410pp., ISBN: 9780857857682, h/bk, $38.99

THE BIRTH OF COOL: STYLE NARRATIVES OF THE AFRICAN DIASPORA, CAROL TULLOCH (2016) 1st ed., London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 254 pp., ISBN: 9781859734704, p/bk, $34.95

DRESS, FASHION AND TECHNOLOGY: FROM PREHISTORY TO THE PRESENT, PHYLLIS G. TORTORA (2015) London: Bloomsbury Academic, 245 pp., ISBN: 9780857851901, h/bk, $102.00/ISBN: 9780857851918, p/bk, $27.99

STREET STYLE: AN ETHNOGRAPHY OF FASHION BLOGGING, BRENT LUVAAS (2016) London: Bloomsbury Academic, 336 pp., ISBN: 9780857855756, p/bk, £19.99