bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Mata Kuliah Drama Dengan Pendekatan Berbasis Masalah
Authors: Mikaresti Pamela , Dewi Yusra
Published: October 2018

Abstrak

Penelitian ini  bertujuan mengembangkan dan menyusun bahan ajar mata kuliah drama dengan pendekatan pembelajaran berbasis masalah. Hal ini dalandasi oleh perubahan kurikulum yang belum diiringi dengan tersedianya sumber belajar yang memadai dan berbagai hal lain. Untuk menggali masalah yang dialami mahasiswa, digunakan angket terbuka. Dari hasil angket ini disusun draft bahan ajar.  Hasilnya, mereka membutuhkan materi yang berkaitan dengan tata rias, tata lampu, tata busana, dan tata panggung. Materi yang memungkinkan dikembangkan adalah tata rias dan tata busana. Alasannya, kedua materi ini berkaitan dengan penampilan seorang tokoh drama pertunjukan. Pengembangan bahan ajar dimulai dengan tahap analisis kebutuhan, perancangan, pengembangan, evaluasi, dan revisi. Untuk menguji pemahaman mahasiswa terhadap bahan ajar yang telah disusun, dilakukan uji coba atau praktek mengaplikasikan materi tata rias dan tata busana. Uji coba ini memperlihatkan hasil bahwa mahasiswa memahami dengan baik bahan ajar yang telah disusun. Bahan ajar ini divalidasi oleh dua orang. Satu orang validator adalah yang dipandang ahli dalam penelitian pengembangan dan satu orang lagi dipandang ahli dalam bidang drama. Hasilnya, bahan ajar ini layak dipakai dengan hasil secara umum sudah bagus. Sarannya, penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan membuat video pembelajaran untuk materi yang dikembangkan ini.

 

Kata kunci: bahan ajar, drama, pendekatan berbasis masalah

Abstract

This research aims to develop and compile teaching materials for Drama subjects at Department of Indonesian Language and Arts Education by using Problem-Based Learning Approach. Shifts in curriculum have not been followed by availability of adequate learning resources. This research used questionaire to explore possible problems experienced by the students in Drama course. This questionaire informed the drafting of teaching materials. Findings of this research showed that students need materials related to makeup, lighting, costume design, and the stage. Materials that were selected to develop were makeup and costume design. These topics are important for preparing students’ Drama performance. The development of teaching materials comprised some stages i.e. requirements analysis, design, development, evaluation, and revision. In order to measure students’ understanding of the materials developed, students were tested on their ability to apply make-up and costum design. The teaching materials were validated by an expert in research and development and an expert in Drama. They confirmed that the teaching materials developed by the researchers are good and fit for use. This research recommends that the next research will focus on developing video from the materials. 

Key words: teaching materials, drama, problem-based approach
Novel Pukat Karya Tere Liye Sebagai Materi dan Pengembang Moral: Kajian Literasi Moral
Authors: Idris Akhmad
Published: October 2018

Abstrak

 

Pendidikan memegang peran sentral dalam pembentukan karakter siswa. Melalui lembaga pendidikan diharapkan terbentuk seorang siswa yang cerdas dan melek moral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan literasi moral dalam novel Pukat karya Tere Liye yang berupa kepekaan etika, kemampuan penalaran etis, dan imajinasi moral. Penelitian ini berjenis deskriptif kualitatif dan menggunakan pendekatan objektif. Pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik pustaka, sedangkan penganalisisan data menggunakan teknik analisis konten. Analisis konten dilakukan dengan cara inferensi dan analisis. Teori yang digunakan adalah Literasi Moral milik Nancy Tuana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk kepekaan etika dalam novel Pukat karya Tere Liye terdapat pada hubungan pertemanan dan praktik kejujuran. Bentuk penalaran etis terdapat pada penalaran terhadap kebaikan dan hakikat kejujuran. Imajinasi moral terdapat pada sebutan diri dan cita-cita.

Kata kunci: Literasi Moral, Sastra, dan Tere Liye

 

Abstract

 

Education holds a central role in the formation of the character student’s. Through educational institutions are expected to take shape a intelligent student’s and moral literate. This research aims to explain the moral literacy in Pukat Novel by Tere Liye include ethical sensitivity, ethical reasoning ability, and moral imagination. This research is a qualitative descriptive research using an objective approach. Library techniques are used as the Data Collection, while content analysis techniques are used as the Data Analysis.Content analysis is done by way of inference and analysis. This study uses Nancy Tuana's Moral Literacy theory. The results show that the ethical sensitivity in Pukat Novel is friendship and honesty practice.The ethical form of reasoning in is the moral goodness and honesty. The moral imagination form is the name of self-identity and ideals.

Keywords: Moral Literacy, Literature, Tere Liye
Earth as a material for construction of modern houses
Authors: Jovanovic Milena , Miric Aleksandra , Jovanovic Goran , Petronijevic Momcilovic
Published: October 2018

Earth was used for construction of residential buildings in the past. Due to
the more widespread tendency toward the use of sustainable local materials,
earth is present as one of the dominant materials for building of modern
houses. The implemented techniques for construction of earth houses differ
depending on the characteristics of a region and architectural tradition.
This paper presents the characteristics of earth as a building material,
traditional techniques for construction of residential buildings using
earth, regulations which permit the construction in many countries of the
world, as well as traditional residential building constructing techniques
which use earth. Likewise, through the emblematic realizations of
contemporary architecture it was shown that earth houses have the potential
to provide the modern standard of living and to satisfy the aesthetic
requirements.
Channel capacity of the macrodiversity SC system in the presence of kappa-mu fading and correlated slow gamma fading
Authors: Smilic Marko , Jaksic Branimir , Milic Dejan , Panic Stefan , Spalevic Petar
Published: October 2018

In this paper macrodiversity system consisting of two microdiversity SC
(Selection Combiner) receivers and one macrodiversity SC receiver are
analyzed. Independent ?-? fading and correlated slow Gamma fading are
present at the inputs to the microdiversity SC receivers. For this system
model, analytical expression for the probability density of the signal at
the output of the macrodiversity receiver SC, and the output capacity of the
macrodiversity SC receiver are calculated. The obtained results are
graphically presented to show the impact of Rician ? factor, the shading
severity of the channel c, the number of clusters ? and correlation
coefficient ? on the probability density of the signal at the output of the
macrodiversity system and channel capacity at the output of the
macrodiversity system. Based on the obtained results it is possible to
analyze the real behavior of the macrodiversity system in the presence of
?-? fading.
The Main Characteristics of Arabic Borrowed Words in Bahasa Melayu
Authors: Al-Zubaidi Khairi
Published: October 2018

Bahasa Melayu (Malaysian Language) like other languages has borrowed a number of words from other languages. This paper presents a study of Arabic borrowed words in Bahasa Melayu. It illustrates the main characteristics of the Arabic borrowed words: nouns of different types, adjectives, astrology, sciences, finance, trade, commerce, religious words and daily expressions. The researcher brought together ten categories of loan words (in three languages, Malay, Arabic and English). In conclusion, the researcher finds out that the main stream of Arabic borrowed words in Bahasa Melayu is due to the large influence of Islam. This study will provide the groundwork for further researches which will lead to enrich the linguistics and Islamic studies.
EFEKTIVITAS METODE MNEMONIK TERHADAP DAYA INGAT PADA MATERI PROTISTA DI KELAS X SMA BUDI MURNI 3 MEDAN TAHUN AJARAN 2017/2018
Authors: Simamora Susrani , Sidabutar Hudson
Published: October 2018

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of student biology learning using mnemonic method on protista material in grade X SMA Budi Murni 3 Medan School Year 2017/2018. The population of this study were all students of grade X SMA Budi Murni 3 Medan which amounted to 67 students consisting of two classes namely X A and X B. Sampling in this study was done randomly (random sampling) that is class X A consisting of 32 students. This research is a pre-experiment research. Instruments used to collect data are objective tests in multiple choice that have been tested to try validity, reliability, difficulty and distinguishing power. The instrument used is 25 questions. From the data analysis, students recalled in classical manner that is 70,5%. Based on the results of the data, the effectiveness can be illustrated with individual students' recollections of 15 students having R ≥ 70 (46.87%), 11 students having 60 <R <70 (34.37%) and 6 students having R <60 (18 , 75%). The effectiveness of treatment is not met where t count is greater than ttable that is 15,33> 1,6955 so H1 accepted where there is difference siginfikan between result of posttest and retest. So it can be concluded that the use of methods of mnemonics in protista material in grade X SMA Budi Murni 3 Medan Year Learning 2017/2018 is not effective.Keywords: Mnemonics, Effectiveness, Memory
"FAST-TRACK" IN SIMULTANEOUS OPERATIONS AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF WIDESPREAD PERITONITIS
Authors: Mykhaylichenko V. Yu. , Gerbali O. Yu. , Basnaev U. I. , Karakursakov N. E.
Published: October 2018

Aim. This research was conducted to study the possibility and effectiveness of the "Fast-track" fast recovery program application when performing simultaneous operations against the background of widespread peritonitis.

Materials and methods. In the course of the study were examined 66 patients, the ratio of woman/man was 45:21. The main group – 32 (48,5%) patients with the major disease of constricted postoperative hernia complicated by the widespread peritonitis and chronic calculous cholecystitis (a prospective analysis of surgical treatment). The comparison group – 34 (51,5%) patients with the identical pathology – the retrospective analysis of surgical treatment. The treatment of patients of the main group was supplemented with the application of the elements of the «Fast-track» program. Whereas, the treatment of patients of the comparison group was performed exclusively according to the standard scheme of the patient management with widespread peritonitis.

Results. Clinical, laboratory and instrumental data indicate the positive effect of the "Fast-track" program on the process of rehabilitation of patients in the postoperative period. There was a significant acceleration in the recovery of motorevacuation function of the intestine in patients of the main group in relation to the comparison group and a smaller number of complications in the main group in relation to the comparison group against the background of the application of this technique. As a result, the average duration of hospitalization of patients from the comparison group was 10- 5 days (average 12±2,4 days). While the average duration of hospitalization of patients from the comparison group was 17-20 days (on average 18±1,2 days).

Conclusion. The use of the "Fast-track" program in simultaneous operations does not increase the effectiveness of surgical treatment, thereby accelerating the process of rehabilitation of patients in the postoperative period.
PREDICTING THE RISK OF ATRIAL FIBRILLATION AND CORONARY HEART DISEASE DEVELOPMENT WITH MUTATION OF HEMOSTASIS SYSTEM GENES
Authors: Panchenko D. I. , Adamchik A. S.
Published: October 2018

Aim.This study was conducted to assess the risk of atrial fibrillation and coronary heart disease development with mutation of hemostasis system genes.

Materials and methods. Genes polymorphisms of factor GII210A II (FII), G169A factor V (FV), Arg 353G1p factor VII (FVII), C677T MTHFR, 22Met (66a-g) MTRR, 675 5G / 4G PAI type 1 and 455G-A fibrinogen β (FGB) were examined in the patients of the main group and control group. The genotyping was carried out by PCR method using competing TagMan probes complementary to the polymorphic region of DNA.

Results. As a result of the research, there was identified a reliable prognostic risk of the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) and atrial fibrillation paroxysms (AFP) in patients with mutations of the VII blood coagulation factor genes, mutations in the MTHFR gene, mutations in the MTRR gene.

Conclusion. The obtained results indicate the risk of CHD and AFP development in patients with mutations of the VII gene of the clotting factor, mutation in the MTHFR gene and mutation in the MTRR gene. It may be the basis for early diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of this category of patients.
DEVELOPMENT AND JUSTIFICATION OF THE ESTIMATION ALGORITHM OF THE BONE SYSTEM METABOLISM IN CHILDREN WITH TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Ivchenko L. G. , Bykov I. M. , Basov A. A. , Gilmiyarova F. N. , Domenyuk D. A. , Budaychiev G. M.-A. , Ivanyuta S. O.
Published: October 2018

Aim. This study was conducted to develop the optimal methodological approaches to early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children by creating an estimation algorithm of the bone system metabolism based on the results of the studies of calcium phosphorus metabolism, calcium-regulating hormones and bone mineral density.

Materials and methods. There was carried out a general clinical, laboratory, X-ray examination of 114 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 7 to 12 years with an endocrinopathy experience from eight months to ten years. The obtained data were compared with the results of the examination of 35 “healthy” and “practically healthy” children of this age group. The densitometric measurement of the bone tissue mineral density in the lumbar spine was performed by the densitometer "Lunar iDXA" with the automatic calculation of the Z-test. Orthopantomography of the jaw bones was carried out by a digital orthopantomograph "ORTHOPHOS XG 3 DS" with the subsequent calculation of the Fuchs index and the X-ray index. Laboratory diagnosis of serum indicators included calcium study (total, ionized), inorganic phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, calcitonin, osteocalcin, parathormone, 25- Hydroxyvitamin D. Indices of the bone resorption were evaluated by the level of a product of degradation of helical protein collagen type I C-terminal telopeptides (CTx, Beta-Cross laps) in blood serum.

Results. At the early stages of development of type 1 diabetes mellitus the speed of bone tissue remodeling increases with increased bone formation. At the late stages of development of endocrine pathology the processes of bone remodeling are slowed down with the predominance of bone resorption processes over bone formation processes as well as a significant decrease in bone mineral density (Z-score <-1SD) with the predominance of criteria "within the expected age norms" and "low mineral density in relation to the average age norm" in the bone tissue structure. A statistically significant decrease in bone mineral density in children with a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus for more than five years is indicative of absolute insulin deficiency of pancreatic β cells as well as an early debut of endocrinopathy during the growth and development of bone tissue, triggering the formation of osteopenic syndrome.

Conclusion. The introduction of the algorithm for evaluating bone tissue metabolism based on modern high-tech laboratory radiology methods for diagnosing the state of musculoskeletal system in practical public health will make it possible to identify the pathological changes at early stages, when the implementation of integrated therapeutic and prophylactic measures will have the greatest impact and improve the quality of life of children suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus.
THE FACULTY OF DENTISTRY OF THE KUBAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY. FROM FOUNDATION TO THE PRESENT DAYS
Authors: Alekseenko S. N.
Published: October 2018

This article is dedicated to the 55th anniversary of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Kuban State Medical University. This article contains the history of its development, the description of formation stages as well as the prospects of further development. Each department of the Faculty of Dentistry values its traditions and history. The administration of the University congratulates all its employees, graduates and students on this historical date.
RESULTS OF THE ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC STUDY OF MASSETERS IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERMOBILITY OF HEADS OF THE MANDIBLE BY STANDARD TREATMENT AND USING TRANSCRANIAL ELECTRICAL STIMULATION
Authors: Sidorenko A. N. , Sidorenko R. A. , Tarasova T. V. , Starchenko T. P.
Published: October 2018

Aim. This research was designed to study the functional state of masseters in patients with hypermobility of heads of the mandible by the traditional treatment and using transcranial electrostimulation.

Materials and methods. There was conducted the examination and treatment of 80 patients with hypermobility of heads of the mandible. All patients were divided into two groups: the 1st group (n=20) received standard treatment, the second group (n=60) received traditional treatment with the inclusion of myogymnastics, massage in the temporomandibular joint area, transcranial electrostimulation, use of the apparatus of A. Sidorenko that limits the movement of the lower jaw. The control group included 10 volunteers without the pathology in the temporomandibular joint. The masseters were studied by an electromyography method before the treatment, in 1 month and in 6 months after the treatment using the computer and Miokom electromyograph. The obtained results were processed with use of the "Statistica Statsoft" program version 6.1 and "Microsoft Excel 2010".

Results. The analysis of the amplitude of bioelectric potentials of the masseters made it possible to establish that when using transcranial electrostimulation and the proposed intraoral apparatus of Sidorenko AN, limiting the amplitude of mouth opening, in 6 months after the end of the treatment in patients with hypermobility of the lower jaw the increased bioelectrical activity of the masseters in the state of relative physiological dormancy disappeared, the amplitude of their contractions (93.2%) normalized.

Conclusion. The results of the electromyographic study of temporal and masseter muscles made it possible to conclude that use of the transcranial electrostimulation and the intraoral apparatus of Sidorenko AN, limiting the movement of the lower jaw, has a positive effect on the functional state of the muscular apparatus in patients with hypermobility of the mandible heads. In the state of relative physiological dormancy the bioelectric potentials of the temporal and masseter muscles decrease, the amplitude of the bioelectric potentials while chewing and maximum compression of the jaws increases.
Modern approaches to management of cardiovascular risk factors at patients with diabetes mellitus type 2
Authors: Verbovoy A F , Pashentseva A V , Verbovaya N I , Madyanov I V , Sharonova L A , Galkin R A
Published: October 2018

Diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 is the serious progressing chronic disease representing independent risk factor of development of cardiovascular complications. The mortality from cardiovascular diseases at the persons suffering from DM type 2 continues to grow around the world, despite constant augmentation of expenses on treatment and prophylaxis. In this article factors of cardiovascular risk at DM are analyzed and possible ways of their correction are surveyed.
On respiratory manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Abrosimov V N , Ponomareva I B , Nizov A A , Solodun M V
Published: October 2018

One of the manifestations of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is extraesophageal symptoms, in particular, from the upper and lower respiratory tract. Gastroesophageal reflux is capable of both causing respiratory symptoms independently and aggravating the course of already existing diseases of the respiratory system. The article presents available in the literature current information on the pathogenesis of GERD respiratory symptoms, their clinical course, considerations of diagnosis and treatment.
Effectiveness of mebeverine in patients with post-cholecystectomy gastrointestinal spasm: results of prospective observational program “odyssey”
Authors: Maev I V , Kucheravy Yu A , Tsukanov V V , Eremnia E Yu , Andreev D N , Abdulhakov S R , Akhmedov V A , Batskov S S , Vasyutin A V , V’yuchnova E S , Ivanchenko D N , Luzina E V , Krapivnaya O V , Onuchina E V , Osipenko M F , Simanenkov V I , Tonkih Yu L , Khomeriki N M , Shklyaev A E , Akimov A V , Sokolov K A
Published: October 2018

Aim: to assess the effectiveness of mebeverine 200 mg BID in patients with post-cholecystectomy gastrointestinal spasm not requiring surgical treatment. Materials and methods. 218 patients were included in 16 clinical centers in 14 cities in Russia. All patients had post-cholecystectomy gastrointestinal spasms, not requiring surgical treatment and received mebeverine (Duspatalin®) 200 mg BID. The observational assessment period lasted from the moment of their inclusion into the study up to 6 weeks post inlusion. The therapy results were evaluated using visual analog scales (GPA and 11-point numeric rating scale) by patient self-assessment of the dynamics of spasm/discomfort and other post-cholecystectomic gastrointestinal symptoms after 2 and 6 weeks of treatment. Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index (GIQLI) was used to assess patient quality of life. Results and discussion. All 218 patients completed the 2-week mebeverine treatment course, 101 of them finished the 6-week course (“prolonged population”). Significant positive changes in the relief of abdominal pain and dyspepsia were noted as well as normalization of stool frequency and consistency. A more marked change in values was observed during prolonged (up to 6 weeks) therapy. Both 2-week and 6-week mebeverine courses led to a normalization of patient quality of life. After 6 week therapy, an effect of mebeverine on the quality of life 91% of patients was observed comparable to cholecystectomy itself, speficially related to the quality of life subscore ‘symptoms’. Conclusion. The results of our study demonstrate that mebeverine (Duspatalin®) therapy leads to an effective elimination of clinical symptoms associated with post-cholecystectomy GI-spasm disorders, like abdominal pain, symptoms of dyspepsia and stooldisorders. A more marked change in values was observed during prolonged (up to 6 weeks) therapy.
Pharmacotherapy of chronic pancreatitis in terms of current clinical recommendations
Authors: Maev I V , Bideeva T B , Kucheryavyy Yu A , Andreev D N , Bueverov A O
Published: October 2018

The article reflects the main positions of the latest Russian and pan-European clinical recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP), devoted to the pharmacotherapy of this disease. The main objectives of pharmacotherapy for CP are to reduce or arrest pain abdominal syndrome and prevent or compensate for functional pancreatic insufficiency.
EVALUATION OF TANK MIXTURES OF HERBICIDES PROPONIT AND PLEDGE WHEN APPLIED BEFORE EMERGENCE OF SOYBEANS
Authors: Morokhovets V. N. , Basay Z. V. , Morokhovets T. V. , Shterbolova T. V. , Vostrikova S. S.
Published: October 2018

The work presents the results of testing tank mixtures of herbicides Proponit and Pledge applied in different doses to soybean crops during preemergence Treatment. The tests were carried out in Primorsky territory by standard methods in the form of the plot experiment in the trial field with brown meadow podzolized soils (by mechanical composition characterized as medium clay, content of humus 3.8%, labile phosphorus and exchange potassium in the soil 16 and 120 mg/kg respectively, PH 5.3). Hydrothermal conditions during the experiment were favorable for the implementation of the herbicidal potential of soil preparations. Trial tank mixtures showed high herbicidal activity against annual grass weeds (Echinochloa crusgalli, Setaria spp), annual dicotyledonous species (Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Acalypha australis, Abutilon theophrasti, Elsholtzia pseudocristata, Chenopodium album), Commelina communis and certain perennial dicotyledonous weeds. The use of mixtures of Proponit and Pledge in higher doses contributed to an increase in protective action and increase in the total herbicidal activity of preparations. The highest yield of soybean in the experiment, 2.41 t/ha, which exceeded the control value by 3.5 times, was achieved in the variant of the soil treatment with a mixture of herbicides in the maximum recommended rates (Proponit 3.0 l/ ha + Pledge 0.12 kg/ha). The economic efficiency of chemical weeding amounted to 39.0 thousand rubles/ha. Thus, in the conditions of soya crops contamination mainly by sensitive annual weed species and with optimal soil moisture, preemergence use of Proponit + Pledge tank mixtures was sufficient for reliable protection of soybean crops and eliminated the need for foliar herbicides.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PAPRIKA PADA BERBAGAI INTENSITAS RADIASI SURYA DI DATARAN RENDAH, BATAM
(GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF SWEET PEPPER CULTIVATED UNDER DIFFERENT SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY AT LOWLAND REGION OF BATAM)
Authors: Noor Z. , Simatupang B.F. , Koesmaryono Yonny
Published: October 2018

An experiment has been conducted in Batam Island to study the response of sweet pepper which cultivated at lowland of 20 m asl, during November 2001 to May 2002. Five varieties have been used namely, Bangkok, Gold Flame, New Zealand, Spartacus and Tropica. Plants cultivated using hydroponic system under plastic house with ultra violet protection. The radiation of 100% (control) and it reduce of 25% and 50% used as treatment in order to determine the microclimate favourable for growing pepper in lowland. The results shown that reducing radiation intensity has influenced significantly on vegetatif growth, except leaf area index. The plants were grown under 100% and 25% radiation intensity performed taller with more branches compare to the plants under 50%. Variety of Spartacus has grew tallest than others. Stem diameter of control plants performed bigger than other plants, while reducing radiation intensity has no effect significantly to leaf area index. Experiment also revealed that reducing radiation intensity has significant effect on number and weight of peppers per plant, and thickness of flesh, compare to control. In general, Gold flame has produced best quality than others varieties although it has less number of fruits compare to Tropica.
Bahaya Zat Pemanis dan Zat Pewarna pada Makanan
Authors: Novianti Arfina , Sodik Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2018

ABSTRAKPenggunaan bahan tambahan pangan yang dilarang dan pemanis buatan pada makanan yang berlebih terutama pada jajanan anak masih sering kali ditemui. Pewarna makanan merupakan bahan tambahan pangan yang ditambahkan ke dalam makanan untuk mendapatkan warna yang lebih pekat dan menarik. Zat pewarna yang digunakan untuk makanan diantaranya karamel, karotenoid, karmoisin dan eritrosin. Pemanis merupakan senyawa kimia yang sering ditambahkan dan digunakan untuk keperluan produk olahan pangan, industri, serta minuman dan makanan kesehatan. Pemanis berfungsi untuk meningkatkan cita rasa dan aroma, memperbaiki sifat-sifat fisik, sebagai pengawet, memperbaiki sifat-sifat kimia sekaligus merupakan sumber kalori bagi tubuh, mengembangkan jenis minuman dan makanan dengan jumlah kalori terkontrol, mengontrol program pemeliharaan dan penurunan berat badan, mengurangi kerusakan gigi, dan sebagai bahan substitusi pemanis utama (Cahyadi, 2006).Penelitian Badan POM terhadap Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah (PJAS) yang diambil dari 886 Sekolah Dasar/Madrasah Ibtidaiyah yang tersebar di 30 kota di Indonesia. Selama Tahun 2011 telah diambil sebanyak 4.808 sampel PJAS terdapat 1.705 (35,46%) sampel diantaranya tidak memenuhi syarat kemanan dan mutu pangan, dimana dari 3.925 sampel PJAS juga ditemukan 421 (10,73%) sampel mengandung pemanis siklamat, 52 (1,32%) sakarin, 10 (0,25%) asesulfam yang melebihi batas persyaratan (BPOM, 2011).
Forward—Police Misconduct and Kibbe v. City of Springfield
Authors: Freeman Harris
Published: October 2018

Published: Harris Freeman, Forward—Police Misconduct and Kibbe v. City of Springfield, 40 W. NEW ENG. L. REV. 393 (2018). The Law Review’s 2017 symposium, “Perspectives on Racial Justice in the Era of #BlackLivesMatter,” appropriately opened with a panel that addressed the ongoing challenge of combatting police misconduct, as seen through the lens of Kibbe v. City of Springfield, a civil rights case that unfolded in Western Massachusetts and reached the United States Supreme Court thirty years ago. Kibbe presented the Court with the question of what the proper standard of liability should be for a municipality accused of a civil rights violation under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 for inadequately training a police officer who violates a person’s civil rights.
Introduction
Authors: de Bruijn Mirjam , Both Jonna
Published: October 2018

The enduring experience of hardship, in the form of layers of various crises, can become deeply ingrained in a society, and people can come to act and react under these conditions as if they lead a normal life. This process is explored through the analytical concept of duress, which contains three elements: enduring and accumulating layers of hardship over time, the normalization of this hardship, and a form of deeply constrained agency. We argue that decisions made in duress have a significant impact on the social and political structures of society. This concept of duress is used as a lens to understand the lives of individual people and societies in Central and West Africa that have a long history of ecological, political, and social conflicts and crises.
PELATIHAN PERENCANAAN PARTISIPATIF DALAM PENATAAN KAWASAN KUMUH MERANTI KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Putri Lusi Dwi
Published: October 2018

Kegiatan PKM ini bertujuan membantu mitra dalam menyusun perencanaan secara partisipatif yaitu dokumen Rencana Penataan Lingkungan Permukiman/RPLP yang berisikan informasi perencanaan penataan kawasan kumuh permukiman dari tingkat basis (RT/RW) dan dihimpun di tingkat kelurahan mencakup profil permukiman, pemetaan swadaya, rencana aksi tingkat basis dan indikasi program. Rumusan penanganan kawasan kumuh prioritas skala kota tahun 2017 harus mengacu pada dokumen RPLP ini. Target dan luaran yang ingin dicapai adalah penerapan jasa pembelajaran masyarakat  dengan cara meningkatkan pemahaman mitra dalam memetakan potensi dan permasalahan di lingkungan mereka sendiri secara partisipatif. Metode yang digunakan adalah pembelajaran di kelas dan di lapangan/praktik. Metode yang digunakan berupa ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab serta On The Job Training/OJT.  Hasil yang diperoleh adalah mitra memahami tentang dokumen RPLP, dari 24 (dua puluh empat) orang peserta dengan nilai ‘Sangat Baik’ sebesar 45,8%, nilai ‘Baik’ sebesar 37,8% nilai ‘Sedang’ 16,8% dan nilai ‘Tidak Tampil’ sebesar 0%. Mitra juga mampu membuat rumusan rencana aksi tingkat basis. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah meningkatnya kapasitas mitra dalam perencanaan penataan lingkungan secara partisipatif melalui peran strategis Tim Inti Perencanaan Partisipatif (TIPP).
NAOWARAT KAKHAY TEKSTİL MÜZESİ DOKUMALARINDAN ÖRNEKLER
Authors: UZGİDİM Gözde
Published: October 2018

Tayland, uzak doğuda bulunan
yabancı turistlerin ilgi odağı olan ve ipekböcekçiliği ile ünlü bir ülkedir.
Dünyada ipek üretiminde önemli bir role sahip olan ülkede, thai ipeği ile
bilinen Bombyx mori
ipekböceği türü yetiştirilmektedir. İpekböcekçiliğinin geliştirilmesi ve daha
ileri seviyeye taşınması için çeşitli projeler üretilmektedir. Ülkenin el
sanatlarında özellikle tekstil sanatlarında ipeğin önemi oldukça fazladır.
Dokumalarının hammaddesi genellikle ipek olup, çeşitli süsleme malzemesi olarak
da ipek kullanılmaktadır.

Pattaya,
ülkenin önemli şehirlerinden birisidir. Naowarat
Kakhay tarafından 2016 yılında şehirde tekstil müzesi açılmıştır. Ülkenin dört
bir yanından gelen yöresel dokumalar müzede bulunmaktadır. Bu dokumalar
bulundukları bölgeye ait geleneksel motifler ile dokunmuştur. Kültürümüzden
farklı bir bölgenin dokumalarını tanımak, incelemek, motif, desen ve
kompozisyon özelliklerini belirlemek araştırmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır. Bu
amaç doğrultusunda müzede incelemeler yapılmış, müzede bulunan yetkiliden bilgi
alınmış ve eserler fotoğraflanarak belgelenmiştir.
TASARIM EĞİTİMİNDE DÜŞÜNCEYİ (3 BOYUTLU) NESNELEŞTİRMEDE TEMEL TASARIM İLKELERİNİN METAL AYAKKABI HEYKELLERDE UYGULANMASI
Authors: YAĞMUR Önder , AYDIN Nazmiye , SARAL Nermin , BULAT Serap
Published: October 2018

Günümüz
uygulamalı sanatlara ekonomik, kültürel ve yaşam tarzındaki hızlı
değişikliklerin etkisi sanat ürünlerinin işlevsel ve estetik kavramlarıyla bütünleşik
bir durum oluşturmaktadır. Uygulamalı sanatların plastik ve estetik kurgusunun
çağdaş ve özgün biçimlerde yapılandırılması sağlam bir sanat eğitimiyle
birlikte özgür ifade ortamlarının sunulmasına bağlıdır.

Tasarım eğitiminde,
düşünsel zeminde oluşan tasarımların üç boyutlu uygulamalarını sanatsal bir
anlatım diliyle şekillendirmelerinde sağlam bir alt yapıya sahip olmalarını
amaçlayan bu çalışma Atatürk Üniversitesi Güzel Sanatlar Fakültesi öğretim
elemanları ve Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Trabzon Meslek Yüksekokulu Tekstil,
Giyim, Ayakkabı ve Deri Bölümü öğrencileriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Heykel
sanat disiplini ve temel tasarım ilkeleriyle, metal malzemeden ayakkabı
heykeller tasarlanmış ve bu heykellere plastik değerler açısından yaklaşımlara
çalışmada yer verilmiştir.
The Impact of Educational Intervention of HighRisk Pregnancy and HighRisk Childbirth on Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior in Recognizing Danger Signs in Pregnancy: A Single Blind Clinical Trial
Authors: Adjie JM Seno , Malik Devi M
Published: October 2018

Objective: To assess the impact of additional educational interventions given to pregnant women in identifying high-risk pregnancy and high-risk childbirth by measuring changes in knowledge, attitudes and behaviors in the pregnancy and after childbirth.

Methods: This study was a single blind clinical trial conducted at obstetrics out-patient clinic of Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Total sample were 52 responders, for the 26 responders to the control group and 26 responders to the intervention group. The research instrument was a questionnaire form, which include knowledge, attitude and behaviour of a number of 48 questions. Analysis was performed using SPSS 20 with bivariate analysis.

Results: We did not found significant differences in a range of age (30.65  29.38 with 1.20  0.75), education (both groups showed a high level of education) and employment for both groups. We found significant differences on knowledge, behaviour (p = 0.001 and = 0.042, respectively) on the first antenatal care compared with after childbirth.

Conclusion: The educational intervention gives significant impact in attitude and behaviour.

[Indones J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 5-2: 69-72]

Keywords: attitude, behaviour, educational intervention, knowledge
Effect of Solanum melongena peel extract in the treatment of arsenic-induced Bowen’s disease
Authors: Sarah Quazi Sahely , Misbahuddin Mir
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to see the effectiveness of Solanum melongena peel extract in the treatment of arsenic-induced Bowen’s disease. In total 8 patients of arsenic-induced Bowen’s disease were selected from the two arsenic-endemic areas. The peel extract containing ointment was provided to each patient and instructed him/her to apply twice daily on the site of the lesion for 12 weeks. The measurement of the lesion size as well as photograph were collected both before and at the end of the study. The mean (± SD) diameter of the lesion was 3.8 ± 1.9 cm which reduced to 2.5 ± 1.7 cm (reduction 34%). The result was statistically significant.
Modeling of Aerosol Radiation-Relevant Parameters in the Troposphere of Siberia on the Basis of Empirical Data
Authors: Panchenko Mikhail V. , Terpugova Svetlana A. , Pol’kin Victor V. , Kozlov Valerii S. , Chernov Dmitry G.
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the generalized empirical model of the aerosol optical characteristics in the lower 5-km layer of the atmosphere of West Siberia. The model is based on the data of long-term airborne sensing of the vertical profiles of the angular scattering coefficient, aerosol disperse composition, as well as the content of absorbing particles. The model provides for retrieval of the aerosol optical characteristics in visible and near IR wavelength ranges (complex refractive index, scattering and absorption coefficients, optical depth, single scattering albedo, and asymmetry factor of the scattering phase function). The main attention in the presented version of the model is given to two aspects: The study of the effect of the size spectrum of the absorbing substance in the composition of aerosol particles on radiative-relevant parameters (the single scattering albedo (SSA) and the asymmetry factor (AF)) and the consideration of different algorithms for taking into account the relative humidity of air. The ranges of uncertainty of SSA and AF at variations in the modal radius of the absorbing fraction at different altitudes in the troposphere are estimated.
Characteristics of pathogenic bacteria isolates associated with the gut and gill of molluscan shellfish, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Famewo Elizabeth Bosede , Afolayan Anthony Jide
Published: October 2018

Introduction: Infectious diseases attributable to the consumption of raw and lightly cooked molluscan shellfish are caused by bacterial agents that are associated either with human waste disposed into the ocean or those of marine origin. This has led to the increase in prevalence of bacterial diseases and microbial resistance to antibiotics.

Method: Samples of P. perna were dissected and homogenized for bacterial isolation. Six bacteria were isolated, identified and evaluated for their antimicrobial susceptibility profiling.

Results: The microbial counts obtained revealed significant differences in the pathogenic bacteria populations found in the gut and gill of Perna perna. The morphological characteristics of the isolates were found to be of different shapes. All the isolates were catalase and oxidase positive except Vibrio spp. which was negative to the latter. Chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacillin were the most effective antibiotics against all the isolates, each exhibiting 100% efficacy. The highest resistance to ampicilin was observed in Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus xylosus.

Conclusions: The results revealed that marine habitats are reservoirs of bacterial pathogens and there is increased resistance to antibiotic therapy, thereby constituting risks to public health. Therefore, appropriate surveillance measures to safeguard the health of shellfish consumers’ should be established.
The VLA Nascent Disk and Multiplicity Survey of Perseus Protostars (VANDAM). V. 18 Candidate Disks around Class 0 and I Protostars in the Perseus Molecular Cloud
Authors: Segura-Cox Dominique M. , Looney Leslie W. , Tobin John J. , Li Zhi-Yun , Harris Robert J. , Sadavoy Sarah , Dunham Michael M. , Chandler Claire , Kratter Kaitlin , Pérez Laura , Melis Carl
Published: October 2018

We present the full disk-fit results VANDAM survey of all Class 0 and I protostars in the Perseus molecular cloud. We have 18 new protostellar disk candidates around Class 0 and I sources, which are well described by a simple, parametrized disk model fit to the 8 mm VLA dust continuum observations. 33% of Class 0 protostars and just 11% of Class I protostars have candidate disks, while 78% of Class 0 and I protostars do not have signs of disks within our 12 au disk diameter resolution limit, indicating that at 8 mm most disks in the Class 0 and I phases are <10 au in radius. These small radii may be a result of surface brightness sensitivity limits. Modeled 8 mm radii are similar to the radii of known Class 0 disks with detected Keplerian rotation. Since our 8 mm data trace a population of larger dust grains that radially drift toward the protostar and are lower limits on true disk sizes, large disks at early times do not seem to be particularly rare. We find statistical evidence that Class 0 and I disks are likely drawn from the same distribution, meaning disk properties may be defined early in the Class 0 phase and do not undergo large changes through the Class I phase. By combining our candidate disk properties with previous polarization observations, we find a qualitative indication that misalignment between inferred envelope-scale magnetic fields and outflows may indicate disks on smaller scales in Class 0 sources.
A Deep Near-infrared [Fe ii]+[Si i] Emission Line Image of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A
Authors: Koo Bon-Chul , Kim Hyun-Jeong , Lee Yong-Hyun , Raymond John C. , Lee Jae-Joon , Yoon Sung-Chul , Moon Dae-Sik
Published: October 2018

We present a long-exposure (∼10 hr), narrowband image of the supernova (SN) remnant Cassiopeia A (Cas A) centered at 1.644 μm emission. The passband contains [Fe ii] 1.644 μm and [Si i] 1.645 μm lines, and our “deep [Fe ii]+[Si i] image” provides an unprecedented panoramic view of Cas A, showing both shocked and unshocked SN ejecta, together with shocked circumstellar medium at subarcsecond (∼0.″7 or 0.012 pc) resolution. The diffuse emission from the unshocked SN ejecta has a form of clumps, filaments, and arcs, and their spatial distribution correlates well with that of the Spitzer [Si ii] infrared emission, suggesting that the emission is likely due to [Si i] not [Fe ii] as in shocked material. The structure of the optically invisible western area of Cas A is clearly seen for the first time. The area is filled with many quasi-stationary flocculi (QSFs) and fragments of the disrupted ejecta shell. We identified 309 knots in the deep [Fe ii]+[Si i] image and classified them into QSFs and fast-moving knots (FMKs). The comparison with previous optical plates indicates that the lifetime of most QSFs is ≳60 yr. The total H+He mass of QSFs is ≈0.23 M
⊙, implying that the mass fraction of dense clumps in the progenitor’s mass ejection immediately prior to the SN explosion is about 4%–6%. FMKs in the deep [Fe ii]+[Si i] image mostly correspond to S-rich ejecta knots in optical studies, while those outside the southeastern disrupted ejecta shell appear Fe-rich. The mass of the [Fe ii] line emitting, shocked dense Fe ejecta is ∼3 × 10−5
M
⊙.
Relativistic MR-MP Energy Levels for L-shell Ions of Sulfur and Argon
Authors: Santana Juan A. , Lopez-Dauphin Nahyr A. , Morales Butler Emmanuel J. , Beiersdorfer Peter
Published: October 2018

Calculated level energies for valence and K-vacancy states are provided for the ion series S vii–S xiv and Ar ix–Ar xvi. The calculations were performed with the relativistic Multi-Reference Møller–Plesset Perturbation Theory method (MR-MP). The data set includes all the level energies with configurations

,

,

,

,

, and

, where 1 ≤ q ≤ 8, n ≤ 5, and l ≤ 3. We have compared our results with data from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) online database and with previous calculations. The average deviation of valence level energies ranges from 0.16 eV in Ne-like ions to 0.01 eV in Li-like ions, showing that the present MR-MP valence level energies are highly accurate. In the case of K-vacancy states, the deviation is generally below 0.3 eV for Li-like S xiv and Ar xvi. The deviation for K-vacancy energies in other L-shell ions (Be-, B-, C-, N-, and O-like Ar ions) is higher but likely because the NIST-recommended values have a higher uncertainty. The data set includes many n = 4 and n = 5 valence and K-vacancy levels in L-shell ions of S and Ar that have not been previously reported. The data can be used for line identification and modeling of L-shell ions of S and Ar in astrophysical and laboratory-generated plasmas, and as energy references in the absence of more accurate laboratory measurements.
Genèse vs théorie de l’évolution
Authors: Hansen-Löve Aage A. , Valtat Nelly , Roussin Philippe
Published: October 2018

Le premier formalisme russe distinguait entre la logique interne de l’évolution des phénomènes littéraires et les influences non littéraires (psychologie, idéologie, sociologie, etc.) subsumées sous le concept de « genèse ». Chez Tynjanov, le questionnement des lois de mutation des processus littéraires a débouché sur une définition du « genre » littéraire comme configuration dynamique et changeante de traits et de signes distinctifs. Tynjanov est à la recherche des « principes constructifs » qui transforment une configuration d’éléments en un champ mouvant de potentialités, où facteurs dominés et dominants sont en lutte permanente pour la « survie ». L’une des idées les plus novatrices est celle de l’homologie structurelle entre la syntaxe des textes et les séries diachroniques. Chaque texte particulier demande un afflux de matériaux ou de procédés non encore automatisés ; de même, la reconstitution du centre de la dynamique culturelle nécessite un apport de matériaux neufs, provenant de la périphérie du système littéraire ou culturel. Il y a là un cycle permanent nouveau-ancien-nouveau. Genres et styles oubliés sont rapatriés des marges culturelles vers le centre.
Une généalogie du structuralisme
Authors: Glanc Tomaš , Cirac Stéphanie , Roussin Philippe
Published: October 2018

Quels liens relient le formalisme au structuralisme ? L’article suggère que toute théorie est aussi une narration qui peut être analysée à partir du contexte de son élaboration et du parcours de ses auteurs – Roman Jakobson, René Wellek, Jan Mukařovský, suivis de la jeune génération des années 1960. Le récit qui se dégage ne suit pas toujours une ligne claire et continue ; en étudiant ce type de construction narrative, on saisit ses mutations, ruptures et silences. L’article interroge ces silences en montrant que ceux-ci peuvent être porteurs de sens. Dans son analyse des transferts de connaissance entre les mouvements formaliste et structuraliste, l’auteur s’intéresse à la réception de ces théories, et fait ressortir les clichés qu’ont pu véhiculer certaines représentations, souvent idéologiques, ainsi que les écarts qui ont distingué à l’époque les lectures occidentales et tchécoslovaques de ces théories, et, partant, de leurs liens.
Mixail Baxtin redécouvre les formalistes au sortir de la nuit stalinienne
Authors: Emerson Caryl , Depretto Catherine , Roussin Philippe
Published: October 2018

L’article examine la relation entre deux visions opposées des études littéraires : l’une, intuitive, philosophique, synthétique et personnelle (Mixail Baxtin) ; l’autre, scientifique, quantitative, analytique et impersonnelle (les formalistes russes). Notre approche s’inspire d’un bref essai rédigé par Baxtin dans ses carnets de travail à la fin des années 1960 : « Mon attitude à l’égard du formalisme ? » et « Mon attitude à l’égard du structuralisme ? ». Cette attitude est restée remarquablement constante. Baxtin a écrit sa première critique du formalisme en 1924, la poursuivant entre 1943 et 1945 dans quelques textes plus confidentiels. Les textes écrits durant la guerre insistent sur plusieurs concepts auparavant associés au formalisme russe – « spécifisation », « réification », rôle de la cognition dans l’« esthétique matérielle » – Baxtin en vient à associer l’amour et la liberté au temps ouvert, et la violence et le manque de liberté à l’espace limité. Le travail se clôt sur une analyse d’une esquisse d’essai de Baxtin sur Flaubert (1944), dans laquelle les capacités d’analyse et de synthèse du modernisme sont envisagées comme dans une impasse paralysante au sein du monde post-carnavalesque.