bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlated decline of cognitive and motor phenotypes and ADRD pathologies in old age
Authors: Buchman Aron S. , Wang Tianhao , Oveisgharan Shahram , Zammit Andrea R. , Agrawal Sonal , Yu Lei , Bennett David A.
Published: June 2023

INTRODUCTION

Examining motor and cognitive decline in separate models may underestimate their associations.

METHODS

In a single trivariate model, we examined the levels and rates of decline of three phenotypes, sensor‐derived total daily physical activity, motor abilities, and cognition in 1007 older adults during 6 years of follow‐up. In 477 decedents, we repeated the model adding fixed terms for indices of nine brain pathologies.

RESULTS

Simultaneous rates of decline of all three phenotypes showed the strongest correlations with shared variance of up to 50%. Brain pathologies explained about 3% of the variance of declining daily physical activity, 9% of declining motor abilities, and 42% of cognitive decline.

DISCUSSION

The rates of declining cognitive and motor phenotypes are strongly correlated and measures of brain pathologies account for only a small minority of their decline. Further work is needed to elucidate the biology underlying correlated cognitive and motor decline in aging adults.
A three‐dimensional method for morphological analysis and flow velocity estimation in microvasculature on‐a‐chip
Authors: Rota Alberto , Possenti Luca , Offeddu Giovanni S. , Senesi Martina , Stucchi Adelaide , Venturelli Irene , Rancati Tiziana , Zunino Paolo , Kamm Roger D. , Costantino Maria Laura
Published: June 2023

Three‐dimensional (3D) imaging techniques (e.g., confocal microscopy) are commonly used to visualize in vitro models, especially microvasculature on‐a‐chip. Conversely, 3D analysis is not the standard method to extract quantitative information from those models. We developed the μVES algorithm to analyze vascularized in vitro models leveraging 3D data. It computes morphological parameters (geometry, diameter, length, tortuosity, eccentricity) and intravascular flow velocity. μVES application to microfluidic vascularized in vitro models shows that they successfully replicate functional features of the microvasculature in vivo in terms of intravascular fluid flow velocity. However, wall shear stress is lower compared to in vivo references. The morphological analysis also highlights the model's physiological similarities (vessel length and tortuosity) and shortcomings (vessel radius and surface‐over‐volume ratio). The addition of the third dimension in our analysis produced significant differences in the metrics assessed compared to 2D estimations. It enabled the computation of new indices, such as vessel eccentricity. These μVES capabilities can find application in analyses of different in vitro vascular models, as well as in vivo and ex vivo microvasculature.
Intramolecular Palladium Catalyst Transfer on Benzoheterodiazoles as Acceptor Monomers and Discovery of Catalyst Transfer Inhibitors
Authors: Sugita Hajime , Kamigawara Takeru , Miyazaki Sou , Shimada Ryusuke , Katoh Takayoshi , Ohta Yoshihiro , Yokozawa Tsutomu
Published: June 2023

Intramolecular catalyst transfer on benzoheterodiazoles was investigated in Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions and polymerization reactions with tBu3PPd precatalyst. In the coupling reactions of dibromobenzotriazole, dibromobenzoxazole, and dibromobenzothiadiazole with pinacol phenylboronate, the product ratios of monosubstituted product to disubstituted product were 0/100, 27/73, and 89/11, respectively, indicating that the Pd catalyst undergoes intramolecular catalyst transfer on dibromobenzotriazole, whereas intermolecular transfer occurs in part in the case of dibromobenzoxazole and is predominant for dibromobenzothiadiazole. The polycondensation of 1.3 equivalents of dibromobenzotriazole with 1.0 equivalent of para‐ and meta‐phenylenediboronates afforded high‐molecular‐weight polymer and cyclic polymer, respectively. In the case of dibromobenzoxazole, however, para‐ and meta‐phenylenediboronates afforded moderate‐molecular‐weight polymer with bromine at both ends and cyclic polymer, respectively. In the case of dibromobenzothiadiazole, they afforded low‐molecular‐weight polymers with bromine at both ends. Addition of benzothiadiazole derivatives interfered with catalyst transfer in the coupling reactions.
Multiply exo‐Methylated Corannulenes
Authors: Miwa Kazuhira , Aoyagi Shinobu , Amaya Toru , Sasamori Takahiro , Morisako Shogo , Kurogi Takashi , Yorimitsu Hideki
Published: June 2023

The curved π‐conjugated surface of bowl‐shaped corannulene has been multiply methylated to form exo‐di‐, ‐tetra‐, and ‐hexamethylated corannulenes. The multimethylations became possible through in‐situ iterative reduction/methylation sequences that involve the reduction of corannulenes using sodium to form the anionic corannulene species, and the subsequent SN2 reaction of the anionic species with reduction‐resistant dimethyl sulfate. X‐ray diffraction analyses, NMR, MS, UV‐Vis measurements, and DFT calculations have revealed the molecular structures of the multimethylated corannulenes and the sequence of the multimethylation. This work has the potential to contribute to the controlled synthesis and characterizations of multifunctionalized fullerenes.
Lipase‐Responsive Rifampicin‐Based Biodegradable PCL Nanocarrier for Antibacterial Treatment
Authors: Osehontue Uroro Evelyn , Bright Richard , Yang Quek Jing , Vasilev Krasimir
Published: June 2023

Rifampicin (RFP) is a first‐line drug used to treat a variety of infections, including wound infections but has limitations in its use due to its toxicity. Hence, an urgent need exists for the development of suitable carriers for the delivery of the antibiotic. In this study, a novel approach is introduced for drug administration, employing stimulus‐responsive carriers to achieve an on‐demand strategy. This innovative method aims to minimize the dosage and frequency of drug administration, consequently lowering cytotoxicity levels. We used the lipases‐sensitive polycaprolactone (PCL) to produce nanocomposites loaded with rifampicin (PCL−RFP NPs). Nanoparticles were prepared by a single‐step emulsion solvent evaporation method. The size distribution of blank nanoparticles (PCL NPs) and PCL−RFP NPs were 172±30 nm and 229±58 nm, respectively. The liberation of RFP from PCL−RFP NPs was monitored over a period of 72 h in the absence and the presence of lipase was 9.46±0.24 % and 53.3±3.33 %, respectively, indicating responsive behavior. The minimum inhibitory concentration to lipase‐expressing Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of PCL−RFP NPs was significantly improved compared to the free drug. Cytotoxicity tests using human dermal fibroblasts showed that the nanocomposites had better biocompatible when compared to the free drug. These findings indicate that the developed nanocomposite carriers have the potential to be promising candidates for delivering antibiotics in the field of biomedicine.
High‐dose vitamin D during first two years linked to reduced psychiatric risk
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: June 2023

Daily vitamin D3 supplementation at higher than standardized doses for the first two years of life decreases the risk of psychiatric symptoms at ages 6 to 8 years, a new study has found. The study, a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial with 346 children, found that those randomized to higher vitamin D3 supplementation were less likely to have clinically significant internalizing problems later.
A new 4‐D hyperchaotic two‐scroll system with hidden attractor and its field‐programmable gate array implementation
Authors: Vaidyanathan Sundarapandian , Benkouider Khaled , Ovilla‐Martinez Brisbane , Tlelo‐Cuautle Esteban , Sambas Aceng , Darwin P.
Published: June 2023

This research work reports the finding of a new 4‐D hyperchaotic two‐scroll system having three second‐order nonlinear terms. It is detailed that the system does not have any rest point for non‐zero values of the system parameters. Thus, we deduce that the new hyperchaotic system has a hidden attractor. The main findings of the new hyperchaotic system include a detailed bifurcation analysis, coexisting attractors, and offset‐boosting control. The new 4‐D hyperchaotic two‐scroll system with hidden attractor is prototyped using the field‐programmable gate array (FPGA) Zybo Z7‐20 development board, Xilinx Vivado tool, and the hardware description by VHDL. It is highlighted that the simulation of the circuit design, and the experimental results from the FPGA synthesis, all of them are in good agreement with theoretical simulations.
Dynamic spatiotemporal modeling of a habitat‐defining plant species to support wildlife management at regional scales
Authors: Tredennick Andrew T. , Monroe Adrian P. , Prebyl Thomas , Lombardi John , Aldridge Cameron L.
Published: June 2023

Sagebrush (Artemisiaspp.) ecosystems provide critical habitat for the Greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus), a species of conservation concern. Thus, future loss of sagebrush habitat because of land use change and global climate change is of concern. Here, we use a dynamic additive spatiotemporal model to estimate the effects of climate on sagebrush cover dynamics at 32 sage‐grouse management (core) areas in Wyoming. We use the fitted models to quantify the sensitivity of each management area to precipitation and temperature, and to make probabilistic projections of sagebrush cover from present to 2100 under three climate change scenarios. Global circulation models predict an increase in temperature and no change in precipitation for Wyoming. Sensitivity to climate varied among management areas, but the most common response (70% of management areas) was a positive effect of temperature on sagebrush performance. The combination of positive sensitivity to temperature and the predicted increase in temperature under all climate change scenarios resulted in projections of increased sagebrush cover for most management areas. We characterized management areas as “optimal” or “suboptimal” based on the percentage of grid cells in each management area with sagebrush cover exceeding a nesting habitat target value. Only 18% of management areas are projected to switch from being currently optimal to suboptimal in the future. Thirty‐five percent of management areas are projected to switch from being suboptimal to optimal. The most common outcome (47%) was for currently suboptimal management areas to remain suboptimal, even though average cover tended to increase in those areas. The direct effects of climate change appear to favor sagebrush performance in the future for most sage‐grouse core areas in Wyoming. Our approach is broadly applicable to quantitative climate change assessments where remotely sensed estimates of habitat‐defining vegetation are available.
Rational Design and Construction of a CdS QDs/InVO4 Atomic‐Layer (110)/(110) Facet S‐Scheme Heterojunction for Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of C2H4
Authors: Dong Yuanpeng , Ji Peizhu , Xu Xinyue , Li Rong , Wang Yin , Homewood Kevin Peter , Xia Xiaohong , Gao Yun , Chen Xuxing
Published: June 2023

Exploring high efficiency S‐scheme heterojunction photocatalysts with strong redox ability for removing volatile organic compounds from the air is of great interest and importance. However, how to predict and regulate the transport of photogenerated carriers in heterojunctions is a great challenge. Here, density functional theory calculations were first used to successfully predict the formation of a CdS quantum dots/InVO4 atomic‐layer (110)/(110) facet S‐scheme heterojunction. Subsequently, a CdS quantum dots/InVO4 atomic‐layer was synthesized by in‐situ loading of CdS quantum dots with (110) facets onto the (110) facets of InVO4 atomic‐layer. As a result of the deliberately constructed built‐in electric field between the adjoining facets, we obtain a remarkably enhanced photocatalytic degradation rate for ethylene. This rate is 13.8 times that of pure CdS and 13.2 times that of pure InVO4. In‐situ irradiated X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, photoluminescence and time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements were carried out. These experiments validate that the built‐in electric field enhanced the dissociation of photoexcited excitons and the separation of free charge carriers, and results in the formation of S‐scheme charge transfer pathways. The reaction mechanism of the photocatalytic C2H4 oxidation is investigated by in‐situ electron paramagnetic resonance. This work provides a mechanistic insight into the construction and optimization of semiconductor heterojunction photocatalysts for application to environmental remediation.
Psychiatric comorbidities in older adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review
Authors: Baltjes Froukje , Cook Joan M. , van Kordenoordt Maaike , Sobczak Sjacko
Published: June 2023

Background

Psychiatric comorbidity is high in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), with up to 90% having at least one additional condition, and two‐thirds having two or more other diagnoses. With an increasing aging population in industrialized counties, knowing which psychiatric disorders frequently co‐occur in older adults with PTSD can have implications to improve diagnosis and treatment. This systematic literature review explores the current empirical literature on psychiatric comorbidity in older adults with PTSD.

Method

Literature databases PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were searched. The following inclusion criteria were applied: research done since 2013, PTSD diagnosis based on diagnostic criteria according to Diagnostic and Statistics Manual‐Fifth Edition, International Classification of Diseases—10th Revision (ICD‐10), or ICD‐11, and studies include individuals aged 60 years or older.

Results

Of 2068 potentially relevant papers identified, 246 articles were examined based on titles and abstracts. Five papers met the inclusion criteria and were included. Major depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder were the most frequently studied and diagnosed psychiatric comorbidities in older adults with PTSD.

Conclusions and implications

Screening for depression and substance use in older adults should include an assessment of trauma and PTSD. Additional studies in the general older adult population with PTSD and a broader range of comorbid psychiatric disorders are needed.
Benefits, barriers, and facilitators of using speech recognition technology in nursing documentation and reporting: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Dinari Fatemeh , Bahaadinbeigy Kambiz , Bassiri Somayyeh , Mashouf Esmat , Bastaminejad Saiyad , Moulaei Khadijeh
Published: June 2023

Background and Aim

Nursing reports are necessary for clinical communication and provide an accurate reflection of nursing assessments, care provided, changes in clinical status, and patient‐related information to support the multidisciplinary team to provide individualized care. Nurses always face challenges in recording and documenting nursing reports. Speech recognition systems (SRS), as one of the documentation technologies, can play a potential role in recording medical reports. Therefore, this study seeks to identify the barriers, benefits, and facilitators of utilizing speech recognition technology in nursing reports.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional was conducted through a researcher‐made questionnaire in 2022. Invitations were sent to 200 ICU nurses working in the three educational hospitals of Imam Reza (AS), Qaem and Imam Zaman in Mashhad city (Iran), 125 of whom accepted our invitation. Finally, 73 nurses included the study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0.

Results

According to the nurses, “paperwork reduction” (3.96, ±1.96), “performance improvement” (3.96, ±0.93), and “cost reduction” (3.95, ±1.07) were the most common benefits of using the SRS. “Lack of specialized, technical, and experienced staff to teach nurses how to work with speech recognition systems” (3.59, ±1.18), “insufficient training of nurses” (3.59, ±1.11), and “need to edit and control quality and correct documents” (3.59, ±1.03) were the most common barriers to using SRS. As well as “ability to fully review documentation processes” (3.62, ±1.13), “creation of integrated data in record documentation” (3.58, ±1.15), “possibility of error correction for nurses” (3.51, ±1.16) were the most common facilitators. There was no significant relationship between nurses' demographic information and the benefits, barriers, and facilitators.

Conclusions

By providing information on the benefits, barriers, and facilitators of using this technology, hospital managers, nursing managers, and information technology managers of healthcare centers can make more informed decisions in selecting and implementing SRS for nursing report documentation. This will help to avoid potential challenges that may reduce the efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity of the systems.
An 8‐year retrospective study of fixed prosthodontics clinical unit completions in a postgraduate prosthodontics program
Authors: Dudley James
Published: June 2023

Background and Aims

The range of aesthetic fixed prosthodontics materials utilizing digital manufacturing techniques has expanded in recent years ostensibly replacing traditional laboratory techniques and materials. This retrospective study conducted over eight consecutive years aimed to analyze the types of laboratory fabricated fixed prosthodontics clinical units completed in a postgraduate prosthodontics specialist training program and determine meaningful trends.

Methods

The logbooks of eight postgraduate prosthodontics completions from 2014 to 2021 were reviewed and the different types of laboratory fabricated fixed prosthodontics units and total number of fixed prosthodontics units completed were recorded. The data was categorized and presented in tabulated and chart form using Microsoft Excel software (version 2016). Paired t‐tests and Mann−Kendall trend tests were performed to analyze for statistical significance between the different restoration types across the program completions.

Results

Porcelain bonded to metal (PBM) crowns represented 42.05% of all fixed prosthodontics units completed over all study years followed by all‐ceramic crowns (ACC) (18.14%) and full gold crowns (FGC) (10.70%). Jointly, PBM, ACC and FGC's encompassed 70.88% of all fixed prosthodontics units. Over the 8‐year study period, there were observed trends of reduced use of PBM's, increased use of ACC's, statistically significant reduced use of FGC's (p = 0.035) and a statistically significant difference in the use of complete and partial coverage restorations (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

PBM crowns were the dominant laboratory fabricated fixed prosthodontic clinical unit across postgraduate prosthodontics program completions. The trend in later years indicating ACC as the dominant crown type warrants further investigation.
Comparison of vaginoscopic hysteroscopy and traditional hysteroscopy: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Khoiwal Kavita , Zaman Rabia , Bahurupi Yogesh , Gaurav Amrita , Chaturvedi Jaya
Published: June 2023

Background

Outpatient hysteroscopy is a safe, feasible, and optimum procedure for the diagnosis and management of intrauterine pathologies.

Objective

To determine the best approach of outpatient hysteroscopy (vaginoscopic vs traditional) in terms of pain, duration of procedure, feasibility, safety, and acceptability.

Search Strategy

PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and Scopus were searched from January 2000 to October 2021. No filters or restrictions were applied.

Selection Criteria

Randomized controlled trials comparing vaginoscopic hysteroscopy with traditional hysteroscopy in an outpatient setting.

Data Collection and Analysis

Two authors independently performed a comprehensive literature search and collected and extracted data. The summary effect estimate was determined using both fixed effects and random‐effects models.

Results

Seven studies with 2723 patients (vaginoscopic [n = 1378] and traditional hysteroscopy [n = 1345]) were included. Vaginoscopic hysteroscopy was associated with a significant reduction in intraprocedural pain (standardized mean difference, −0.05 [95% confidence interval (CI), −0.33 to −0.23], I2 = 0%), procedural time (standardized mean difference, −0.45 [95% CI, −0.76 to −0.14], I2 = 82%), and fewer side effects (relative risk, 0.37 [95% CI, 0.15–0.91], I2 = 0%). The procedure failure rate was similar in both approaches (relative risk, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.71–1.32], I2 = 43%). Complications were mostly documented with traditional hysteroscopy.

Conclusion

Vaginoscopic hysteroscopy reduces the pain and duration compared with traditional hysteroscopy.
Critical care pharmacists have a rich history and evolving roles
Authors: Jacobi Judith , Kane‐Gill Sandra , Boucher Bradley
Published: June 2023

Critical care (CC) pharmacists have been contributing to patient outcomes, team effectiveness, education, research and quality improvement for approximately 50 years. Current CC specialists are evolving the practice, science and scholarship into new and exciting areas as described in the series of articles collected for a special series in this journal. To summarize past accomplishments and contemplate how next level achievements may develop, brainstorming by experienced CC specialists, researchers, educators, and scholars was done to establish a foundation for this paper and three of that group summarized it into an overview of the challenges of the past and opportunities that are shaping the future. A small group of CC pharmacists identified need and opportunity to improve patient care in a limited number of settings but subsequent CC pharmacists have expanded into numerous specialties and subspecialties. Comprehensive medication management of CC patients and survivors of their critical illness is now a standard, but delivery may be influenced by new technology and equipment. Improved quality of care and outcome measures are being developed and measured. The imperative to move practice forward and adopt new practices while maintaining a core set of guideline‐based practices may be facilitated by technology such as wearable devices, personalized medicine, machine learning or artificial intelligence. However, these new tools may create new obstacles. Similar changes in education and expansion into administrative roles afford new opportunities and challenges. CC pharmacists have created a solid foundation, but continued growth in number and expansion of roles requires the next generation to continue to push ahead and continue to demonstrate value in key areas.
Short‐ and long‐term outcomes of laparoscopic radical gallbladder resection for gallbladder carcinoma: A multi‐institutional retrospective study in Japan
Authors: Minagawa Takuya , Itano Osamu , Hasegawa Shinichiro , Wada Hiroshi , Abe Yuta , Kitago Minoru , Katsura Yoshiteru , Takeda Yutaka , Adachi Tomohiko , Eguchi Susumu , Oshima Go , Aiko Satoshi , Ome Yusuke , Kobayashi Toshiki , Hashida Kazuki , Nara Satoshi , Esaki Minoru , Watanabe Jota , Ohtani Hiromi , Endo Yutaka , Shirobe Takashi , Tokumitsu Yukio , Nagano Hiroaki
Published: June 2023

Background/Purpose

Laparoscopic resection of gallbladder carcinomas remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic procedures for suspected gallbladder carcinoma (GBC).

Methods

In this retrospective study, data regarding suspected GBC treated with laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy before 2020 in Japan, was included. Patient characteristics, surgical procedure details, surgical outcomes, and long‐term outcomes were analyzed.

Results

Data of 129 patients with suspected GBC who underwent laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy were retrospectively collected from 11 institutions in Japan. Among them, 82 patients with pathological GBC were included in the study. Laparoscopic gallbladder bed resection was performed in 114 patients and laparoscopic resection of segments IVb and V was performed in 15 patients. The median operation time was 269 min (range: 83–725 min), and the median intraoperative blood loss was 30 mL (range: 0–950 mL). The conversion and postoperative complication rates were 8% and 2%, respectively. During the follow‐up period, the 5‐year overall survival rate was 79% and the 5‐year disease‐free survival rate was 87%. Recurrence was detected in the liver, lymph nodes, and other local tissues.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic radical cholecystectomy is a treatment option with potential favorable outcomes in selected patients with suspected GBC.
A chitosan N‐ium acetate catalyzed Michael‐aldol‐dehydration‐imino‐Diels‐Alder reaction: One‐pot synthesis of new angular acridine‐fused heterocycles
Authors: Atara Hiralben D. , Brahmbhatt Gaurangkumar C. , Parmar Vishalkumar M. , Barot Avinashkumar A. , Sutariya Tushar R. , Parmar Narsidas J.
Published: June 2023

A highly efficient domino protocol, Michael‐aldol‐dehydration‐imino‐Diels‐Alder (MAD‐IDA) reaction, that allows the intermediate MAD to combine effectively with the arylamine released from the slow reduction of nitroarene via IDA reaction has been described and several new V‐shaped acridine‐heterocycles have been synthesized after stirring 2‐mercapto‐quinoline‐carbaldehydes/2‐mercapto‐pyridine carbaldehyde/2‐hydroxy‐naphthaldehyde, citral/croton‐aldehyde, and NaSH in chitosan N‐ium acetate in aqueous ethanol at room temperature. The stereo and regioselectivities of the reaction were confirmed by the 2D NMR experiment and the density functional theory level calculations.
Sexual violence and antiretroviral adherence among women of reproductive age in African population‐based surveys: the moderating role of the perinatal phase
Authors: Schrubbe Leah A. , Stöckl Heidi , Hatcher Abigail M. , Calvert Clara
Published: June 2023

Introduction

Women face challenges in antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and achieving viral suppression despite progress in the expansion of HIV treatment. Evidence suggests that violence against women (VAW) is an important determinant of poor ART adherence in women living with HIV (WLH). In our study, we examine the association of sexual VAW and ART adherence among WLH and assess whether this association varies by whether women are pregnant/breastfeeding or not.

Methods

A pooled analysis was conducted among WLH from Population‐Based HIV Impact Assessment cross‐sectional surveys (2015−2018) from nine sub‐Saharan African countries. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between lifetime sexual violence and suboptimal ART adherence (≥1 missed day in the past 30 days) among reproductive age WLH on ART, and to assess whether there was any evidence for interaction by pregnancy/breastfeeding status, after adjusting for key confounders.

Results

A total of 5038 WLH on ART were included. Among all included women, the prevalence of sexual violence was 15.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.3%−17.1%) and the prevalence of suboptimal ART adherence was 19.8% (95% CI: 18.1%−21.5%). Among only pregnant and breastfeeding women, the prevalence of sexual violence was 13.1% (95% CI: 9.5%−16.8%) and the prevalence of suboptimal ART adherence was 20.1% (95% CI: 15.7%−24.5%). Among all included women, there was evidence for an association between sexual violence and suboptimal ART adherence (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.69, 95% CI: 1.25−2.28). There was evidence that the association between sexual violence and ART adherence varied by pregnant/breastfeeding status (p = 0.004). Pregnant and breastfeeding women with a history of sexual violence had higher odds of suboptimal ART adherence (aOR: 4.11, 95% CI: 2.13−7.92) compared to pregnant and breastfeeding women without a history of sexual violence, while among non‐pregnant and non‐breastfeeding women, this association was attenuated (aOR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.00−1.93).

Conclusions

Sexual violence is associated with women's suboptimal ART adherence in sub‐Saharan Africa, with a greater effect among pregnant and breastfeeding WLH. To improve women's HIV outcomes and to achieve the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV, violence prevention efforts within maternity services and HIV care and treatment should be a policy priority.
Trends in the incidence of cirrhosis in global from 1990 to 2019: A joinpoint and age‐period‐cohort analysis
Authors: Wu Zenghong , Wang Weijun , Zhang Kun , Fan Mengke , Lin Rong
Published: June 2023

Cirrhosis remains a major public health concern globally; the burden of cirrhosis should be further clarified worldwide and helped us to understand the current situation of cirrhosis. In the present study, we estimate DALYs and mortality rates attributable to several major cirrhosis risk factors and use joinpoint and age‐period‐cohort methods to determine the trends of cirrhosis incidence and deaths in the global population in the 1990–2019 period. Globally, from 1990 to 2019, the incidence of cirrhosis, deaths due to cirrhosis, and cirrhosis DALY cases increased from 1274 (103, 95% uncertainty interval [UI]: 1027.2–1548.5) to 2051.6 (103, 95% UI: 1661.4–2478.1), 1013 (103, 95% UI: 948.9–1073.9) to 1472 (103, 95% UI: 1374.6–1578.7), and 34727.7 (103, 95% UI: 32383.0–37132.8) to 46189.4 (103, 95% UI: 43027.1–49551.3), respectively. Hepatitis virus was the most important cirrhosis mortality risk factor. Globally, hepatitis virus infection (HBV+HCV) accounted for more than 45% of the incidence of cirrhosis cases and about 50% of cirrhosis deaths. Importantly, from 1990 to 2019, the proportion of cirrhosis incidence due to HBV decreased from 24.3% to 19.8%, whereas that due to alcohol use increased from 18.7% to 21.3%. Additionally, the proportion of NAFLD‐induced cirrhosis incidence increased from 5.5% to 6.6% over the same period. Our findings on the global disease burden of cirrhosis provide a valuable resource for developing targeted prevention strategies.
MicroRNA‐34a‐5p promotes the progression of osteoarthritis secondary to developmental dysplasia of the hip by restraining SESN2‐induced autophagy
Authors: Wang Jun , Li Xiaopeng , Guo Xiang , Wang Congcong , Liu Zezhong , Liu Xiaoguang , Sun Yanshan , Chen Xiaohua , Zhang Yimin , Chen Gaoyang
Published: June 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA), a late‐stage complication of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), is a key factor leading to further degeneration of joint function. Studies have shown that Sestrin2 (SESN2) is a positive regulator in protecting articular cartilage from degradation. However, the regulatory effects of SESN2 on DDH‐OA and its upstream regulators remain obscure. Here, we first identified that the expression of SESN2 significantly decreased in the cartilage of DDH‐OA samples, with an expression trend negatively correlated with OA severity. Using RNA sequencing, we identified that the upregulation of miR‐34a‐5p may be an important factor for the decrease in SESN2 expression. Further exploring the regulation mechanism of miR‐34a‐5p/SESN2 is of great significance for understanding the mechanism of DDH occurrence and development. Mechanistically, we showed that miR‐34a‐5p could significantly inhibit the expression of SESN2, thereby promoting the activity of the mTOR signaling pathway. We also found that miR‐34a‐5p significantly inhibited SESN2‐induced autophagy, thereby suppressing the proliferation and migration of chondrocytes. We further validated that knocking down miR‐34a‐5p in vivo resulted in a significant increase in SESN2 expression and autophagy activity in DDH‐OA cartilage. Our study suggests that miR‐34a‐5p is a negative regulator of DDH‐OA, and may provide a new target for the prevention of DDH‐OA.
Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets
Authors: Si Qingying , Wu Linlin , Pang Deshui , Jiang Pei
Published: June 2023

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that are naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They are derived from endosomes and are wrapped in lipid membranes. Exosomes are involved in intracellular metabolism and intercellular communication. They contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites from the cell microenvironment and cytoplasm. The contents of exosomes can reflect their cells’ origin and allow the observation of tissue changes and cell states under disease conditions. Naturally derived exosomes have specific biomolecules that act as the “fingerprint” of the parent cells, and the contents changed under pathological conditions can be used as biomarkers for disease diagnosis. Exosomes have low immunogenicity, are small in size, and can cross the blood–brain barrier. These characteristics make exosomes unique as engineering carriers. They can incorporate therapeutic drugs and achieve targeted drug delivery. Exosomes as carriers for targeted disease therapy are still in their infancy, but exosome engineering provides a new perspective for cell‐free disease therapy. This review discussed exosomes and their relationship with the occurrence and treatment of some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications of exosomes in the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders were evaluated in this review.
Recurrent motor branch neuropathy in carpal tunnel syndrome: An ultrasound study
Authors: Picasso Riccardo , Zaottini Federico , Pistoia Federico , Beronio Alessandro , Bovis Francesca , Hamedani Mehrnaz , Schenone Angelo , Martinoli Carlo
Published: June 2023

Introduction/Aims

The reason for the variable rate of progression of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) to thenar muscles impairment is not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of ultrasound signs of recurrent motor branch (RMB) neuropathy in patients with CTS and to correlate imaging findings with clinical and electrophysiological data.

Methods

Two cohorts were recruited, one consisting of CTS patients with electrodiagnostic evidence of prolonged median distal motor latency from wrist to thenar eminence and another consisting of sex‐ and age‐matched healthy controls. Ultrasound reliability of RMB measurement was assessed by the calculation of the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Patients were evaluated with electrodiagnostic tests and asked to complete the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. The difference between the RMB diameter in patients and controls was analyzed using a t test. Correlations between RMB diameter and other parameters were assessed using linear mixed models.

Results

46 hands from 32 patients with CTS and 50 hands from 50 controls were evaluated. The intra‐ and interobserver agreements in RMB measurement were very good (ICC = 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75 to 0.90) and good (ICC = 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.87). The RMB diameter was significantly larger in patients than in controls (P < .0001). No significant correlation was found between the RMB diameter and other variables, except for BMI and median nerve cross‐sectional area.

Discussion

Ultrasound is reliable in identifying the RMB and characterizing its abnormalities. In this patient cohort, ultrasound allowed for detection of definite signs of RMB compression neuropathy.
Nursing managers' perspectives on facilitators of and barriers to evidence‐based practice: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Hosseini‐Moghaddam Fatemeh , Mohammadpour Ali , Bahri Narjes , Mojalli Mohamad
Published: June 2023

Aim

This study aimed to determine the facilitators and barriers to evidence‐based practice (EBP) from the perspective of Iranian nursing managers.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Data were collected from 335 top nursing managers of Iran. The research instruments included three electronic questionnaires for demographics, facilitators and barriers of evidence‐based practice. Descriptive statistics and appropriate analysis tests were used to clarify the strength of relationships between the factors.

Results

A total of 277 nursing managers participated in the study (response rate of 82%). Iranian nursing managers believed that organizational factors were the most important domain for both facilitators (34.7 ± 9.2) and barriers (28.37 ± 6.2) to EBP. Regarding the Perspectives of nursing managers on Necessity and Extent of EBP implementation, 79.8% (n = 221) considered EBP to be essential, while 45.8% (n = 127) regarded its implementation as moderate.
Relationships between nursing leadership and organizational, staff and patient outcomes: A systematic review of reviews
Authors: Hult Marja , Terkamo‐Moisio Anja , Kaakinen Pirjo , Karki Suyen , Nurmeksela Anu , Palonen Mira , Peltonen Laura‐Maria , Häggman‐Laitila Arja
Published: June 2023

Aim

To assess and describe reviews of nursing leadership styles associated with organizational, staff and patient outcomes.

Design

A systematic review of reviews.

Methods

Reviews describing a search strategy and quality assessment. The review followed the PRISMA statement. Nine databases were searched in February 2022.

Results

After screening 6992 records, 12 reviews were included reporting 85 outcomes for 17 relational, nine task‐oriented, five passive and five destructive leadership styles. Transformational leadership, which is one of the relational styles, was the most studied among all the styles. Of the outcomes, staff outcomes were the most reported, notably job satisfaction, and patient outcomes were less reported. Also, mediating factors between relational leadership styles and staff and patient outcomes were identified.

Conclusion

Extensive research shows the beneficial impacts of relational leadership; however, destructive leadership research is lacking. Relational leadership styles should be conceptually assessed. More research is needed on how nurse leadership affects patients and organizations.
Helpful social support for chronic pain in long‐term care residents: “With a little help I manage on my own”
Authors: de Matos Marta Osório , Bernardes Sónia Figueira
Published: June 2023

Aims and Objectives

To understand older adults' experiences of receiving formal pain‐related social support and to identify which caregivers' responses are perceived as (un)helpful to chronic pain adjustment.

Background

Chronic pain is highly prevalent in long‐term care residents, negatively impacting their psychological, physical and social functioning. However, research has lacked to address the extent to which residents' experiences with staff responses, to their pain, may influence chronic pain outcomes.

Design

Qualitative study.

Methods

Twenty‐nine older adults (7 men, 22 women, Mage = 87.7) were interviewed online through semi‐structured interviews, and a thematic analysis was conducted. COREQ guidelines were followed.

Results

Two main themes emerged: (1) support during a pain crisis aiming at its relief and (2) support with daily activities because of pain to overcome pain interference. Findings indicate pain‐related support is helpful when residents feel their psychological and functional autonomy is protected, and the interactions convey connection and intimacy. Furthermore, residents actively try to shape the support to be received. Also, gender roles and expectations seem to influence pain‐related supportive interactions.

Conclusion

Pain‐related social support may contribute to the maintenance of older adults' health status and autonomy, ensuring a fulfilling and healthy aging process despite chronic pain.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Findings can inform effective pain‐related care practices in long‐term care, regarding (1) how residents can shape the support they need; (2) which kind of support should be provided, and (3) how caregivers and organizations should provide pain‐related support.

Patient or Public Contribution

Older adults who participated in the study were recruited from 3 long‐term care facilities in Lisbon, in which they resided for longer than 3 months, had persistent/intermittent pain for more than 3 months; were able to maintain a conversation, recollect real episodes, and to fully provide informed consent to participate.
Effect of family integrated care on breastfeeding of preterm infants: A scoping review
Authors: Ding Lijing , Chen Yanli , Zhang Wenyan , Song Jianqi , Yao Xiao , Wan Yue , Huang Rong
Published: June 2023

Aims

The aims are to describe the key components of family integrated care intervention for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and assess the impact on breastfeeding outcomes for those infants.

Design

A scoping review.

Methods

We conducted a systematic study search based on the databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, MEDLINE, CINAHL, CNKI and Wanfang Database in December 2022. The search time ranged from database establishment to 31 December 2022. Papers by manual searching were also listed on the references. We adopted Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer's Manual methodology and followed the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA‐ScR) to conduct the review. Two independent reviewers filtered the papers, extracted data and synthesized the findings. A table was used to extract data and synthesize results.

Results

After systematic searching, 11 articles that implemented family integrated care (FIcare) were finally included in this scoping review. By analysing the implementation of this nursing model, we identified seven main components: NICU staff training, parent education, parent participation in infants' care, parent involvement in medical plans, peer support, NICU environmental support and mobile app for parents. Based on the extracted breastfeeding data, this scoping review concludes that family integrated care shows a positive effect on increasing breastfeeding rates at discharge. Through this scoping review, we find that family integrated care is feasible and it can support breastfeeding of preterm infants. Further studies will be needed to provide more evidence that family integrated care could facilitate breastfeeding of preterm infants.

Impact

This scoping review provides evidence for the positive role of family integrated care on breastfeeding outcomes. The analysis may contribute to the implementation of family integrated care.

No patient or public contribution

No further public or patient contribution was made in view of the review‐based nature of the research.
How to measure the angle of repose of hazardous substances in the test centres for dangerous goods packagings
Authors: Schlick‐Hasper Eva , Bethke John , Goedecke Thomas
Published: June 2023

The flow properties of powdery or granular filling substances for dangerous goods packagings are safety‐relevant parameters. To specify the flow behaviour, the angle of repose is measured in the recognized test centres for dangerous goods packagings in Germany. Previous investigations performed on non‐hazardous substances revealed that some of the methods currently used have disadvantages in application. Additionally, for occupational health and safety reasons, it was generally viewed critically to carry out measurements of the angle of repose for dangerous goods at all. Instead, the dimensionless Hausner ratio to describe the flow behaviour was proposed. In this work, the investigations were extended to real hazardous substances to concretize the assessment. Five exemplary hazardous substances were tested for their angle of repose using the methods commonly applied in the test centres. The Hausner ratio was also determined. In addition, the influence of a different climatic preconditioning on the angle of repose measurement was examined using three selected non‐hazardous bulk materials. The results show that the measurement of the angle of repose is not fundamentally excluded for dangerous goods. However, for reasons of applicability, repeatability and occupational health and safety, only the ISO method can be applied for dangerous filling substances. This method provides conservative results regarding a safety‐related evaluation of flow properties for the transport of dangerous goods. In principle, both the ISO method and the determination of the Hausner ratio can be used for dangerous goods. It is also essential especially with finely powdered filling goods, to carry out controlled preconditioning.
Robust adaptive tube tracking model predictive control for piece‐wise constant reference signals
Authors: Peschke Tobias , Görges Daniel
Published: June 2023

Robust tracking of piece‐wise constant reference signals for constrained systems with parametric plant uncertainty and additive disturbances is addressed in this paper. The parametric uncertainty is decreased online by set‐membership estimation and a nominal model is updated for improving set‐point tracking. The online estimated parametric uncertainty is used for an online‐determined terminal set which enlarges the set of reachable references close to the system constraints when compared to an offline worst‐case consideration. An artificial target state is introduced which can deviate from the nominal target state. This new target state is used to ensure recursive feasibility for unreachable references and changes in the reference signal. Moreover, a novel “recovery mode” is specified which is deployed in case the new nominal model yields an infeasible control problem. Control algorithms are developed for time‐invariant systems and systems with arbitrarily fast changing plants but known relative bounds. Constraint satisfaction and ‐stability are guaranteed for the proposed algorithms. Controlling the engine load of a self‐propelled work machine is used as a practical example.
The observed mode dependent controller design problem for a class of continuous‐time hidden semi‐Markov jump systems
Authors: Wang Bao , Zhu Quanxin
Published: June 2023

This paper studies the stability analysis and stabilization synthesis problems for a class of continuous‐time jump systems with hidden system modes. To precisely model the switching signals of the considered systems, a novel definition of continuous‐time hidden semi‐Markov process is proposed based on the notions of emission probability and time varying dual‐index transition rate. By virtue of such definition, a dual‐index Lyapunov function is utilized to derive the sufficient stability conditions of the considered systems. By adopting a technology that can decouple the nonlinear terms in the above conditions, the numerically testable existence conditions of the controller for the resulting stabilizing systems are presented. An example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
Prediction of ACE‐inhibitory and antioxidant peptides from storage proteins of edible seeds and nuts using in silico approaches
Authors: Deka Archana , Saikia Viveeyan
Published: June 2023

Recently, plant protein‐derived peptides with diverse bioactivities have gained special attention with regards to health promoting and disease prevention. Among the different plant sources, edible seeds and nuts are known to contribute essential nutritional needs and promote several health benefits. Storage proteins of edible seeds and nuts are known to fulfill the essential nutritional needs and impart several health promoting benefits. In the present study, we attempt to use in silico approaches to divulge storage proteins derived peptides with angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (ACE)‐inhibition and antioxidant properties. In silico hydrolysis of 10 storage proteins using 8 proteases released multiple peptides exhibiting numerous bioactivities. The storage proteins majorly released ACE inhibitory peptides which were subjected for further evaluation (BIOPEP, PeptideRanker, ToxinPred, AllerTOP, and Pepsite2). A total of 25 peptides were considered potential ACE‐inhibitory peptides. Additionally, AnOxPePred webserver was used to evaluate the potential of storage proteins as precursors of antioxidant peptides. As evident from docking analysis (HPEPDOCK), peptides PGCR, GFEWIAFK, GFFYR, and HFR displayed significant interaction with key residues of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1, a modulator of intracellular oxidant status. Non‐toxic peptide PGCR exhibited both antioxidant and antihypertensive activities and was found to be the most promising peptide. This study opened new avenue for storage proteins of edible seeds and nuts as ingredients in development of nutraceutical formulations.