bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geoinformation analysis russian health system: modeling, visualization, analysis
Authors: Panin Alexander N. , Tikunov Vladimir S. , Eshrokov Vitaly M. , Vatlina Tamara V.
Published: November 2023

In the Russian Federation, noticeable differences remain among its constituent entities in terms of citizens’ access to high-quality medical care. The primary challenges in the development of the nation’s healthcare system and its various regions are closely linked to demographic trends and the need to address mortality problems. The state of regional healthcare systems plays a pivotal role in influencing mortality rates, which, in turn, serves as a reflection of the regional and municipal healthcare systems’ overall development. Consequently, the development of an algorithm or methodology for assessing the effectiveness of healthcare systems, as mandated by strategic and territorial planning documents at all administrative levels, has become a pressing scientific concern and the focal point of this research. The development of the algorithm involved a multifactor analysis and geoinformation mapping methods. The authors have developed specific criteria to evaluate the current state of healthcare systems in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and municipalities, taking into account their impact on target socio-economic indicators and mortality rates aligned with the national objectives of the Russian Federation, as well as the goals outlined in the National Projects «Healthcare» and «Demography.» Through a comprehensive analysis of demographic and socio-economic factors, the research has unveiled distinctive characteristics in the spatial organization and structure of healthcare systems, both at the municipal and constituent entity levels within the Russian Federation. This analysis has facilitated the development of typologies for the constituent entities based on a comprehensive composite indicator that encompasses both medical and non-medical factors. The authors have introduced a system of cartographic indicators designed to evaluate the efficiency of the spatial organization of healthcare systems at various territorial levels, encompassing constituent entities of the Russian Federation, municipalities, and settlements. To support this evaluation, the authors have prepared a series of original cartographic materials for each level, featuring corresponding assessment indicators.
Aquatic microdiversity from urban cenotes in Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico
Authors: Díaz-Hernández Job Alí , Ugalde-Silva Paul , Berriozabal-Islas Christian , Novelo Alejandro , Hernández-Uc Jaqueline , Arana-May Abigail , Pech-Patrón Sheila Denisse , Nava-Jiménez Iris Aurora , Borbolla-Vázquez Jessica
Published: November 2023

The microdiversity of cenotes in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico has been little studied, with the phytoplankton and protists being the most representative species. However, all previous studies have been focused on cenotes associated with touristic activities, leaving a gap in the understanding of cenotes located within urban areas. The present study is dedicated to the identification of phytoplankton and protists in the cenotes of Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. We conducted our research in four urban cenotes, collecting samples using a 150 µm plankton net, filtering them with a 45 µm membrane, and examining them under optical microscopy. Subsequently, we calculated the abundance, richness, and completeness of the samples. Our findings revealed a total of 6 phyla, 4 subphyla, 10 classes, 8 subclasses, 15 orders, 15 families, 18 genus, and 17 species and 4 species indeterminata in the cenotes of Cancun, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Among these, there were 8 species of phytoplankton and 1 species indeterminata, while 9 species of protists and 3 species indeterminata. These results highlight the remarkable species richness and the complex structure and composition of urban cenotes, suggesting that some species may be unique to this particular ecosystem. Currently, there is limited knowledge regarding the behavior of these aquifers (urban cenotes), and a comprehensive inventory or characterization of their microdiversity is lacking. Such information could be instrumental in the management, conservation, and sustainable use of these valuable aquifers.
Comment le Temple vint aux Maçons
Authors: Marcos Ludovic
Published: November 2023

Des récits légendaires du Métier aux spéculations théologiques britanniques du XVII e siècle, comment la représentation du Temple est devenue un modèle à vocation humaniste et universelle, figure archétypale pour la franc-maçonnerie moderne.
Replacer les biens publics mondiaux dans un contexte de polycrise
Authors: Gardes-Landolfini Charlotte
Published: November 2023

Tandis que le monde est confronté à une « polycrise » sans précédent, la fourniture – et la durabilité – des biens publics mondiaux s'en retrouve profondément affectée. En premier lieu, le climat et la nature, mais également les autres biens publics mondiaux que fournissent les communs, qu'il s'agit de protéger. Définir les biens publics mondiaux dans ce contexte revient à mettre en exergue tant leur caractère central – condition préalable à la durabilité dans un monde interconnecté –, mais aussi leur caractère profondément politique. Leur offre insuffisante et les défis de gouvernance qui leur sont propres doivent ainsi être réinterrogés. Cet article s'attache à décrire les caractéristiques des biens publics mondiaux, leur multiplicité, mais également les liens qui les unissent, les nombreux défis auxquels ils sont confrontés et les esquisses de solutions à l'œuvre. Classification JEL : A10, A13, E61, F63.
Le problème du « destructeur clandestin » et les biens publics mondiaux
Authors: Agarwal Ruchir , Røttingen John-Arne
Published: November 2023

Le présent article examine le problème du « destructeur clandestin », qui représente une menace pour les biens publics mondiaux. Le terme « destructeur clandestin » peut se définir comme quelqu'un qui détériore ou détruit quelque chose qui est bénéfique pour tout le monde, mais qui nécessite la coopération de tout le monde pour être fourni ou protégé. Nous présentons six exemples concrets du problème du « destructeur clandestin », dont une étude de cas fondée sur la pandémie de Covid-19. Nous proposons d'impliquer différentes parties prenantes, de développer une structure de gouvernance mondiale solide et inclusive et de mettre en place des mécanismes de financement innovants. La fourniture et la préservation des biens publics mondiaux exigent une action collective urgente si l'on veut atténuer les conséquences potentiellement catastrophiques. Classification JEL : D62, H87, I18, O30, Q54.
Des taxes affectées pour financer les biens publics mondiaux : pertinence et mise en œuvre
Authors: Dequiedt Vianney , de Ubeda Audrey-Anne , Rota-Graziosi Grégoire
Published: November 2023

Financer les biens publics mondiaux avec le produit de taxes affectées est une idée régulièrement débattue et mise en pratique en France depuis le rapport Landau de 2004 et la taxe de solidarité sur les billets d'avion ou la taxe sur les transactions financières. Dans cet article, nous proposons une grille d'analyse d'un tel mécanisme de financement, inspirée de la théorie de la conception de mécanismes, scrutant ses propriétés en termes d'efficacité et d'équité, de facilitation de l'engagement et de la coordination des acteurs ainsi que de transparence et de contrôle. Nous utilisons cette grille pour mettre en lumière les forces et les faiblesses de deux cas pratiques : le Fonds de solidarité pour le développement et les fonds internationaux d'indemnisation pour les dommages dus à la pollution par les hydrocarbures, tous deux abondés par une fiscalité affectée. Il ressort de cette analyse que les modalités précises de mise en œuvre de la taxe affectée sont importantes pour juger de la pertinence de ce mécanisme de financement. Classification JEL : F55, H23, H87.
Les équivoques de l’exception
Authors: Lamballe Théo
Published: November 2023

Il existe une tendance du pouvoir exécutif à étendre les dispositifs d’exceptions à des situations de droit commun, notamment l’utilisation détournée des périmètres de protection. Le contrôle du juge n’en est que plus nécessaire.
Les larmes des hommes au cinéma
Authors: Desbarats Carole
Published: November 2023

Les personnages masculins qui pleurent sont plus courants dans le cinéma du xxi e  siècle, y compris dans des films qui s’adressent au grand public. Cet homme sensible devrait figurer dans l’éducation artistique des enfants.
Mère-Nation et ses fils virils
Authors: Bozarslan Hamit
Published: November 2023

La Turquie d’Erdogan et la Russie de Poutine opposent leur virilité armée à une prétendue coalition occidentale LGBT. Mais les jeunes hommes rechignent au sacrifice et les femmes résistent à la militarisation de la société.
Presque l’abîme
Authors: Autréaux Patrick
Published: November 2023

Un jour, l’écrivain Patrick Autréaux connaît une crise intérieure, qui fait s’effondrer sa croyance en un salut par la littérature. Comme Pascal, il fait alors l’expérience de l’abîme. Il se tient depuis au bord du gouffre.
Comme une danse
Authors: de Saint-Cheron Jean
Published: November 2023

La Danseuse (Gallimard, 2023) de Patrick Modiano dépeint avec nostalgie une errance dans des atmosphères parisiennes. La littérature y est ascétique comme une danse, peut-être mystique, dans un monde trop dur.
Le bassin du Rhin face au changement climatique
Authors: Schmid-Breton Adrian
Published: November 2023

La Commission internationale pour la protection du Rhin (CIPR), organisation intergouvernementale fondée en 1950 et regroupant huit États situés dans le bassin du Rhin ainsi que l’Union européenne, travaille depuis 2007 sur la thématique du changement climatique dans un contexte transfrontalier. Elle a réalisé des études sur les répercussions possibles du changement climatique sur le régime des eaux, la température de l’eau et l’écologie. Sur la base de scénarii de débit pour le futur proche (jusqu’en 2050) et le futur éloigné (jusqu’en 2100), la CIPR a mis au point en 2015 une stratégie d’adaptation au changement climatique qui sera remise à jour d’ici 2025 selon le programme « Rhin 2040 ». Les principales répercussions négatives du changement climatique ainsi que l’action de la CIPR face à elles sont décrites dans cet article.
Le Varenne agricole de l’eau et du changement climatique : pour une gestion durable et équilibrée de l’eau sur les territoires
Authors: Servant Luc
Published: November 2023

La réponse au besoin en eau de l’agriculture devient un enjeu crucial face au changement climatique et à l’objectif de souveraineté alimentaire. Avec des ressources en eau et une disponibilité de plus en restreinte en été sur les territoires en tension, il convient de trouver des solutions durables pour répondre aux différents enjeux. La sobriété reste la priorité mais le changement climatique pourrait accroître les besoins en eau, notamment dans l’agriculture. Les ressources seront-elles suffisantes ? Le Varenne agricole de l’eau et du changement climatique, lancé par le gouvernement en mai 2021, et sa thématique 3 sur les besoins en eau pour l’agriculture, ont permis de mettre l’ensemble des acteurs et des usagers de l’eau autour de la table. Si la recherche de solutions doit se faire au plus près des territoires, il convient de considérer l’ensemble des usages et des ressources disponibles pour partager une gestion durable et équilibrée de l’eau. Le Projet de Territoire pour la Gestion de l’Eau (PTGE) est conforté comme outil de planification. Il devra définir l’ensemble des besoins et des ressources disponibles sur son territoire et être accompagné par les collectivités locales et les pouvoirs publics pour sa mise en œuvre.
Efficiency with endogenous population growth. Do children have too many rights?
Authors: Pérez-Nievas Mikel
Published: November 2023

Fertility rates are declining in many countries. But are fertility rates
inefficiently low? This paper addresses this question by exploring the efficiency properties of equilibria in an overlapping generations setting with endogenous fertility and dynastic parental altruism, using the notion of

P
‐efficiency proposed by Golosov, Jones and Tertilt (2007). In contrast to Schoonbroodt and Tertilt (2014), who show that any equilibrium for which nonnegativity constraints on intergenerational transfers are binding is

A
‐inefficient (and, under the assumption that new lives always increase social welfare, also

P
‐inefficient), I characterize symmetric,

P
‐efficient allocations as the equilibria arising from different distribution of rights among the agents, and show that many equilibria exhibiting binding constraints on transfers are

P
‐efficient. To be more precise, except for dynamically inefficient equilibria, there is no need to alter children's rights so as to achieve efficiency.
Bad apples in symmetric repeated games
Authors: Sugaya Takuo , Wolitzky Alexander
Published: November 2023

We study large‐population repeated games where players are symmetric but not anonymous, so player‐specific rewards and punishments are feasible. Players may be commitment types who always take the same action. Even though players are not anonymous, we show that an anti‐folk theorem holds when the commitment action is “population dominant,” meaning that it secures a payoff greater than the population average payoff. For example, voluntary public goods provision in large populations is impossible when commitment types never contribute, even if monetary rewards can be targeted to contributors; however, provision is possible if noncontributors can be subjected to involuntary fines. A folk theorem under incomplete information provides a partial converse to our result. Along the way, we develop some general results on symmetric games with incomplete information and/or repeated play.
Cyclotella alvarniensis (Stephanodiscaceae): ¿Diatomea moderna o fósil?
Authors: Quevedo-Ortiz Guillermo , Bonada Núria , Gomà Joan
Published: November 2023

Cyclotella alvarniensis es considerada una especie fósil de diatomea del Mioceno Superior. La presencia de esta especie suele estar asociada a su proximidad a zonas de explotación de diatomita. Se han encontrado frústulas en algunas regiones de España (Murcia-Albacete), Francia, Suiza y recientemente en Senegal. Sin embargo, las causas de su dispersión aérea y su distribución geográfica no están claras. Durante un estudio de seguimiento y dispersión de diatomeas realizado en el Parque Natural de Sant Llorenç del Munt i l’Obac (Barcelona, España), registramos la presencia de C. alvarniensis por primera vez en Cataluña. Concretamente, aparecieron en cuatro tipos distintos de sustratos: sobre biopelículas de agua corriente, pozas artificiales o mesocosmos, pozas naturales desconectadas y sedimento rehidratado. Dadas las formas de aparición de C. alvarniensis en nuestras muestras y a la ausencia de depósitos de diatomita cercanos, discutimos la posibilidad de que también sea una especie actual de las comunidades de diatomeas de agua dulce.
ChatGPT and the General Concepts of Education: Can Artificial Intelligence-Driven Chatbots Support the Process of Language Learning?
Authors: Habeb Al-Obaydi Liqaa , Pikhart Marcel , Klimova Blanka
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the correspondence between the use of ChatGPT and the generally accepted definitions of learning. The study compares the data provided by ChatGPT with well-known definitions of learning in order to determine if the use of the chatbot supports language learning. The research questions focus on the alignment between ChatGPT and the definitions of learning, the potential behavioral changes resulting from learning via ChatGPT, the learning experience provided by the chatbot, and the support it offers for language learning and the development of linguistic and social skills. The methodology of the study involves a qualitative approach, collecting data from university students who used ChatGPT to complete writing assignments. The participants were observed during their interaction with ChatGPT, and interviews were conducted to gather their perspectives. The collected data were compared to a list of definitions and concepts of learning and language learning. The results indicate that learning via ChatGPT did not lead to immediate behavioral changes, as observed in the participants’ interactions. However, the use of ChatGPT, if repeated, could provide an experience that may contribute to learning, particularly in terms of motivation and engagement. The study also found that the learning process with ChatGPT lacked the traditional elements of student-teacher interaction and specific learning materials but offered a wide range of general material for consultation. Furthermore, the use of ChatGPT was seen to support language learning and the development of linguistic and social skills if it is used with other learning strategies. This paper sheds light on the potential of AI-driven chatbots, specifically ChatGPT, for language learning in relation to the use of writing composition and dialogues which leads to more laziness and dependence unless it is used with other learning techniques in language learning context. The use of ChatGPT serves more content knowledge in all disciplines more than oral skills of language learning. It highlights the need for further research to understand the limitations and risks associated with such technology and to explore its effective integration in educational settings.
Dynamique fluviatile et évolution du paysage tardiglaciaire et holocène dans le Bassin rennais (Ille-et-Vilaine, France)
Authors: Gebhardt Anne , Bernard Vincent , Aubry Laurent , Marguerie Dominique
Published: November 2023

Les travaux de construction de la station de métro “République”, au cœur des quartiers historiques de la ville de Rennes, ont révélé un remplissage sédimentaire de l’ancien lit de la Vilaine sur trois mètres d’épaisseur maximum. Étant donné le peu de travaux concernant les dépôts alluviaux quaternaires de la Vilaine disponibles à ce jour, cette opération archéologique préventive a grandement motivé une étude paléoenvironnementale complète.Les deux transects réalisés perpendiculairement au cours actuel de la Vilaine ont tenu compte des contraintes techniques qui incombent à une fouille urbaine profonde et en milieu humide. Toutes les coupes ont été relevées, mais seules trois d’entre elles ont été décrites dans le détail et échantillonnées en vue d’analyses sédimentologiques, paléobotaniques et chronométriques.La dynamique fluviale de la Vilaine montre une première phase assez active jusqu’au Subboréal, suivie par l’abandon de certains chenaux latéraux, l’écoulement principal se faisant alors plus au sud, au cœur du lit majeur. La variabilité de la dynamique d’écoulement et le recoupement de nombreux chenaux génèrent des lacunes sédimentaires difficiles à caler chronologiquement. Si la présence de l’homme reste discrète avant l’apparition des premières traces de bois travaillés (4550-4325 cal BC), en revanche, l’ouverture anthropique du milieu forestier devient évidente à la fin de l’Atlantique. Ces déforestations plus ou moins localisées sont suivies d’une remontée des nappes phréatiques, voire des déplacements latéraux de la rivière, qui provoque le dépérissement des arbres en bord de rivière par asphyxie. Au Subboréal, le site est régulièrement inondé. Lors du creusement de la cale du xixe siècle, les niveaux antiques et historiques anciens sont détruits. La séquence sédimentaire se termine alors par un dépôt calme d’argiles organiques dont le matériel archéologique et l’étude pollinique révèlent un environnement fortement anthropisé.Cette étude paléoenvironnementale a permis de suivre la dynamique de la Vilaine depuis le Tardiglaciaire jusqu’au Subatlantique, de comparer son évolution avec le schéma général d’évolution des autres grands fleuves du nord de la France et de préciser les grandes étapes de l’interaction sociétés-milieux dans le bassin rennais.
There is a life before activism: embodied emotions during the childhood and youth of activists related to gender, racism, and climate change matters in Portugal
Authors: Sarrouy Alix Didier
Published: November 2023

What is the influence of early life trajectories, filled with experiences, encounters and emotions, on young to-be activists? Based on qualitative research done for the project “ArtCitizenship – youth and the arts of citizenship: creative practices, participatory culture and activism” (2019-2022), this article looks into individual trajectories, during childhood and youth, of 30 activists in Portugal. The collected data presents a set of “before activism” categories that reveal the importance of including early-life experiences to better understand future involvement with activism and social movements. One is not born an activist, actions for a given cause are a response to cumulative interactions and emotions felt from very early years. It shows how bodily-inscribed are the personal experiences and how, more than an interest in activism, there can be a physical and emotional urge for it.
Temporalidad de la cooperación comunitaria transnacional: impactos en la gobernanza comunitaria
Authors: Hernández-Diaz Jorge
Published: November 2023

En este texto discute la temporalidad de las relaciones entre los de migrantes y sus comunidades de origen. Basado en información de experiencias observadas en localidades de la microrregión Zoogocho en la región de la Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, México, se documentan los problemas que enfrenta la manutención de la gobernanza comunitaria a consecuencia del debilitamiento o desaparición de los apoyos sociales de los migrantes y de la disminución y envejecimiento de su población ocasionada por el proceso migratorio. El examen de estas relaciones permite poner de relieve la contingencia de aquellas relaciones que hasta hace poco hacían posibles acciones políticas transnacionales que han distinguido a las organizaciones de migrantes oaxaqueños. Neste texto fala-se da temporalidade das relações entre os migrantes e as suas comunidades de origem. Com base em informações de experiências observadas em localidades da microrregião Zoogocho na região da Sierra Norte de Oaxaca, no México, documentam-se os problemas enfrentados pela manutenção da governação comunitária em resultado do enfraquecimento ou desaparecimento dos apoios sociais dos migrantes e da diminuição e envelhecimento da sua população causados pelo processo de migração. O exame destas relações permite destacar a contingência das relações que até há pouco tempo tornaram possíveis ações políticas transnacionais que têm distinguido as organizações migrantes oaxaquenhas.
Internet of Things Systems to Optimize Agricultural Processes in Developing Countries
Authors: Mutalemwa Lilian C.
Published: November 2023

Farmers use internet of things (IoT) devices to implement smart agriculture and optimize agricultural processes. This chapter identifies different types of IoT devices for smart agriculture. Then, advantages of using IoT-based smart agricultural systems are outlined. Subsequently, key issues to consider when deploying IoT for smart agriculture in developing countries are explored. Challenges such as limited number agricultural specialists, poor network infrastructure and internet connectivity, and farmers' inability to afford IoT devices are considered. Furthermore, techniques to use IoT systems to provide agricultural advisory services to smallholder farmers are discussed. Also, techniques to use IoT system for early detection of plant diseases are presented. Finally, based on the observations, recommendations are presented to promote the adoption of IoT solutions for agriculture in developing countries.
A Conceptual Framework for ICT Adoption in Tribal Areas
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Kumar Harish , Kumar Sumit
Published: November 2023

According to prior research on a developmental project in the tribal area in India, tribal people are said to be laggards in terms of technology acceptance and adoption. It is because of some factors such as geographical location and illiteracy rate. This chapter examines the whole issue using a new perspective - the use of theories of information systems (IS) for acceptance and adoption of technology in tribal areas. The chapter evaluates through these IS theories the basic understanding of the reasons behind the laggard behavior of tribal people, keeping the Indian context in mind.
Blended Learning
Authors: Efthymiou Iris-Panagiota
Published: November 2023

The chapter provides an overview of blended learning, an instructional method that integrates traditional classroom instruction with eLearning experiences. Blended learning offers a flexible and dynamic learning experience that allows learners to benefit from the interaction and guidance of in-person instruction while also having access to self-paced, personalized eLearning content outside of the classroom. It discusses the various forms and methods of delivering blended learning, including flipped classrooms, web-enhanced courses, flexible labs, and combined modes. The chapter also discusses challenges associated with blended learning and highlights the benefits it offers for learners, teachers, and organizations. These benefits include improved student performance, enhanced teacher effectiveness, and cost savings for organizations. Finally, it provides practical strategies for implementing blended learning in the classroom and features case studies and examples of blended learning in education, such as Rocketship Education and Khan Academy.
A Survey on Cyber Security Awareness
Authors: Sangeetha G. , Logeshwari G. , Archana  , Lavanya L. , Sai Harshitha
Published: November 2023

Nowadays, android phones are making a huge impact globally. According to the F-secure, the report says that 99% of current malwares are targeting the android OS. The main method of targeting the android is their permission system, where the software asks permission for the personal information of the users. The malware developers had two ways of attacking the android OS; one is reverse engineering technique, and another one is getting well-versed in the android permission system. Still, people are not aware of the real cyber security where the hackers are extracting our sensitive information without knowing. Since people are lacking knowledge about cyber security or social awareness, the hackers are gaining their success of getting our information and using it for incorrect purpose. This results in the threatening of the data and mitigation of the data. Now people have to be more conscious of keeping their data secure so that they can avoid this risky situation.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Cybersecurity Applications and Challenges
Authors: Sinha Aditya Roshan , Singla Kunal , Victor Teresa Matoso Manguangua
Published: November 2023

This chapter discusses the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to revolutionize cybersecurity by automating threat detection and response. It reviews the key use cases for AI and ML in cybersecurity, such as network security, threat intelligence, and incident response, and the technical challenges involved in developing AI and ML-based cybersecurity solutions, such as data labeling and model interpretability. It also discusses the broader societal implications of the increasing use of AI and ML in cybersecurity, such as the potential for the creation of new security vulnerabilities and the need for ethical considerations in the development and deployment of these technologies. The chapter aims to provide practical insights and recommendations for organizations looking to implement AI and ML in their cybersecurity strategies, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges that arise when applying these technologies to the complex and rapidly evolving landscape of cybersecurity.
Fake News Detection With the Help of Computation Time to Increase Accuracy
Authors: Umamaheswari P. , Umasankari N. , Selvakumar Samuel
Published: November 2023

Newspapers were the primary source of receiving news. Though they were slow in getting us the news, they were reliable since almost every piece of an article printed in newspapers is proofread. But things are changing rapidly and we are reliant on other sources for news (such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, WhatsApp). This paved the way for information, whether it is fake or real, that has never been witnessed in human history before. However, ever since social media boomed and the spread of information became easy, it has been difficult to find and stop the spread of fake and fabricated news. Existing solutions identify fake news usage either or some of the machine learning algorithms. In this work, an ensemble machine learning model is developed using ensemble method and evaluate their performance for the computation time to increase the accuracy of fake news detection using datasets. The experimental evaluation confirms the superior performance of our proposed ensemble learner approach in comparison to individual learners.
Incorporation of Bottom Ash as Aggregates in High-Volume Fly Ash (HVFA) Concrete
Authors: Putri Assa Prima Dasti , Subari Subari , Erlangga Bagus D. , Aliah Hasniah
Published: November 2023

Research has been conducted on the utilization of coal combustion residues, specifically fly ash and bottom ash, in order to produce concrete products that meet national standards. Fly ash is employed as a high-volume replacement for cement in what is known as high-volume fly ash (HVFA) concrete. On the other hand, bottom ash is used as both fine and coarse aggregates, serving as a substitute for sand in the concrete mixture. Various characterizations were performed, encompassing the examination of the constituent minerals, crystallinity levels of bottom ash, water absorption, porosity, abrasion resistance, compressive strength, and morphological properties of the concrete specimens. Both fly ash and bottom ash exhibit significant proportions of SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, and CaO, which possess pozzolanic properties and contribute to the compressive strength of the concrete. Concrete samples were produced with varying amounts of bottom ash and other ingredients according to the mix design. The highest compressive strength achieved after 28 days of curing was 27.57 MPa (designated as code B5), accompanied by the lowest porosity of 6.25%. Specimens with code B5 also displayed the lowest abrasion rate of 0.02 mm/minute and water absorption of 1.1%. These results suggest that the formulated mixture has the potential for developing concrete products suitable for walls and paving, adhering to the requirements specified in standard SNI 03-0349-1989 and SNI 03-0691-1996.
Investigation of the Microstructure of Porous Tube-Shaped Elements Made of Ti-Powder Materials
Authors: Blumbergs Ervīns , Mironovs Viktors , Zemchenkovs Vjačeslavs , Abramovskis Vitālijs
Published: November 2023

The method of powder metallurgy for the manufacture of titanium products has the advantages of low cost of raw titanium, short technological process, low energy consumption, and less equipment investments. This allows to significantly reduce the total costs. The method is a potential technology to manufacture inexpensive products from titanium alloys. Due to its high strength, low specific weight and high corrosion resistance, titanium is widely used in aerospace and automotive industries and biomedicine. Among various applications of titanium, tube- and disc-shaped products from titanium powder are essential. The paper presents the results on the investigation of products made of titanium powder by the method of magneto-pulse pressing. Titanium powders with a particle size of 160-1000 mm produced by grinding titanium sponge and its powder compositions were used in the investigation. Investigation results on microstructure and porosity are also discussed. The mean porosity of the samples after sintering was 25-28% for products of 4-6 mm thick. With increasing thickness, the porosity increases to 35% and more, while it was non-uniform both over the cross-section of a tube-shaped product and along its length. The outer surface of the product was found to have a looser microstructure. This can be explained by the application of an intermediate fusible layer to the inner wall of the shell, which makes easier the removal of the shall after pressing. The studies generally confirm the possibility tof using the magneto-pulse pressing of titanium powders in shells to manufacturesmall product batches.
Composite soldering materials for high-temperature stable solder joints
Authors: Novikov Andrej , Nowottnick Mathias
Published: November 2023

The thermal load on electronic assemblies is constantly increasing. The reasons for this increase are, on

the one hand, the integration of power electronic components in an ever smaller space and thus an

increasing power density and, on the other hand, the increasingly harsh environmental conditions with high

temperature load. In addition to electronic components and substrate materials, the soldered connections are

also exposed to this stress and must withstand it. The thermal stability is primarily determined by the

melting temperature of the solder material or by the remelting temperature of the final solder

interconnection. The remelting temperature can be purposefully increased through diffusion soldering. The

advantage of diffusion soldering is that the operating temperature of the final solder joint can exceed the

joining process temperatures. By using the composite soldering materials and diffusion soldering process it

is possible to produce the solder interconnections that can withstand the high thermal and thermomechanical

stress [1].

In this work, the composite solder material, consisting of the base solder alloy BiSnAg in eutectic

composition with a melting point of 139 °C and added copper particles, was examined. The added copper

particles have a direct influence on the dynamics of the diffusion process. Diffusion can also be influenced

by adjusting the soldering process parameters, such as maximum temperature and time above liquidus of

the base solder alloy, with the aim of achieving isothermal solidification. The solidification can take place

through the parallel reactions: the reaction between tin and copper with the formation of high-melting

intermetallic phases Cu3Sn and Cu6Sn5 and the growth of bismuth crystals through coarsening of the

structure and tin depletion in the original eutectic solder alloy [2].
Bonding with brazing alloys as high-temperature interconnection filler through self-propagating exothermic reaction
Authors: Liu Canyu , Zhou Zhaoxia , Liu Changqing
Published: November 2023

There has been growing interest in wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors including SiC and GaN due to the increasing demands for electronic devices serving at high temperatures. However, to maximise the potential capacity of WBG devices, new high-temperature interconnection materials and processes are indispensable as the current existing Sn-based solder alloys and bonding processes developed for Si devices are unable to meet the reliability requirements. In the present work, reactive brazing alloys including Cu-15Ag-5P and Incusil (Ag-27.25Cu-12.5In-1.25Ti) with melting points above 600°C have been utilized as the interconnection materials which offer excellent properties under high operation temperature. The self-propagating exothermic reaction (SPER) was applied for the bonding process via an intense rapid local heating and cooling at a millisecond scale. The strong Cu/Cu-15Ag-5P/Cu and Cu/Incusil/Cu sandwich bonded structures have been created with the assistance of SPER, where the nanofoil was applied from the outside of stacked structures as an external heat source and the bonding process was conducted in the ambient atmosphere without using flux. It has been found that the P element in Cu-15Ag-P alloy has the self-flux effect, which is beneficial for the ultra-fast interfacial reaction process. The experiments where the nanofoil was placed inside of stacked structures between two sheets of brazing alloys have also been conducted, which exhibited the well-bonded interface microstructures between nanofoil and brazing alloys. The outlook on the design for practicality and industrial uses for SPER-assisted bonding with brazing alloys has also been discussed, as a potential viable assembly route for the high-temperature and high-power electronics packaging.
Extended Lifetime Testing of SiC CMOS Electronics at 500°C
Authors: Andarawis Emad , Chen Cheng-Po (Paul) , Popp Jeremy , Yin Liang , Shaddock David
Published: November 2023

Silicon Carbide (SiC) CMOS electronics is a promising approach for realizing high level of integration, especially for implementing digital functions, while significantly reducing the power dissipation on chip compared to NMOS-only, or JFET approaches. Gate oxide in MOSFET-based electronics pose a potential reliability challenge for operating at extreme temperatures. GE has previously developed gate oxide reliability models that predicted reliable operation at 500°C, but experimental validation had not been conducted previously.

Recent testing results of testing of 500°C operation of SiC CMOS based integrated circuit over 60 days of continuous operation are presented. The results show the gate oxide surviving extended operating time of both NMOS and PMOS devices at 500°C. and thereby enabling a roadmap towards realizing more complex digital function at extreme temperature >=500°C.
High temperature operation of Beta-Ga2O3 transistors
Authors: Islam Ahmad E. , Sepelak Nicholas P. , Liddy Kyle J. , Kahler Rachel , Williams Jeremiah , Dryden Daniel M. , Green Andrew J. , Chabak Kelson D.
Published: November 2023

We studied the application of Beta-Ga2O3 for high temperature operation up to 500C. Field effect transistors were fabricated using epitaxial films grown on insulating Beta-Ga2O3 substrates. Variable temperature DC measurements were performed in vacuum and air ambient. Measurements revealed a reduction in on/off ratio for the devices due to increase in thermionic emission over the gate/dielectric barrier of MOSFET and over the gate/semiconductor barrier of MESFET. Devices also exhibited detrapping of electrons from interface traps with the increase in temperature. After the devices were tested intermittently at different high temperatures in vacuum or in air ambient, suggesting no change in semiconductor and contact properties.
AlScN-on-SiC Diaphragm Multimode Micromechanical Resonators for High-Temperature Sensing Applications
Authors: Sui Wen , Wang Haoran , Lee Jaesung , Qamar Afzaal , Rais-Zadeh Mina , Feng Philip X.-L.
Published: November 2023

We demonstrate circular diaphragm multimode micromechanical resonators made of heterostructure thin

film of aluminum scandium nitride (AlScN) sputtered on cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC). We systematically

characterize the multimode resonators from room temperature up to 600ºC high-temperature environment.

We observe clear consistency in resonances measured in heating up and cooling down processes, validating

that the AlScN/SiC diaphragm resonators can operate robustly in high-temperature environment up to 600°C

without observable degradation. Raman spectroscopy results indicate that the turning points of the peak

positions of the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon modes of both 3C-SiC and AlScN occur in almost the same

temperature region where the turning point of temperature coefficient of resonance frequency (TCf) is

observed. We calibrate the device temperature by measuring Raman peak of the silicon (Si) substrate of the

chip, yielding a crystal lattice temperature of 410ºC at the heater setting temperature being 600ºC. The heating

efficiency can be improved by clamping the chip using a clip or jig with lower thermal conductivity.
The Red-throated pipit Anthus cervinus is a regular wintering in Sicily
Authors: Surdo Salvatore , Galasso Paolo , Zafarana Manuel Andrea
Published: November 2023

We present a review of the phenology of the Red-throated Pipit Anthus cervinus and its wintering status in Sicily. We collected and analysed 91 different records related to a total of 280 individuals. Data were collected both through direct observations on the field and by consulting recent literature and ornithological databases. The species has been regularly found overwintering during the last 11 winters (December 2012-January 2023), with the only exception of the winter of 2014/2015, likely due to the lack of coverage and targeted research, with an estimated population of 180-190 individuals. The average value is 3.07 individuals/records observed in 18 different locations related to four Sicilian provinces (Caltanissetta, Catania, Siracusa, Trapani), mainly near wetlands and, more specifically, in Mediterranean and thermo-Atlantic halophytic meadows and Mediterranean salt meadows. The number of wintering sites in the recent years appears to be increasing.
Giant cell tumour of Hand-a rare case report
Authors: Gomes Nihal , Mathur Ashwani K , Berwal Ayush
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Giant cell tumours (GCBs) are locally aggressive osteolytic benign tumours characterized by multinucleated giant cells. Recurrence rates are high after curettage and less after resection. However, reconstruction of the middle finger with large bone gaps is difficult.

Case presentation

The author describe the case of a 30-year-old male who presented with massive right-hand swelling and had a wide bone gap after the resection of a giant cell tumor. Of the various treatment modalities of giant cell tumours, the author describe the surgical approach to which the patient has a good functional outcome to where he can pinch and grasp objects. At 12 months postoperatively, there was no evidence of recurrence.

Conclusion

In summary, at 12 months, the author describe an original case report of the Orthopaedics and oncology interest in which the patient had improved strength and range of motion and good joint stability. There were no signs of failure or malunion. Author have described an acceptable alternative to current methods of curettage and reconstruction. The author believe that this method combines the strengths of the other approaches to minimize the risk of tumor recurrence and restore joint function. And hence reporting this case for the purpose of its complexity and good outcome.
Proximal tibial osteotomy osteoclasis in infantile genu-varum: improving the technique and managing potential complications
Authors: Shafik Ahmed M , Helal Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Genu-varum is a common problem encountered in pediatric orthopedic. Correction of pathological deformity is mandatory to ensure normal load transfer through the knee. In this study, we describe a new technique of osteotomy osteoclasis in order to evaluate if it is an effective and reliable method in management of infantile genu varum.

Methods

70 children with 122 legs suffering significant infantile genu-varum were treated by percutaneous osteotomy-osteoclasis technique. The mean age was 46 months. Genu-varum was bilateral in 52 children and unilateral in 18 with a mean preoperative proximal medial tibial angle 66.67 ± 2.67°. Under general anesthesia, transverse osteotomy osteoclasis was performed below the tibial tuberosity. Follow-up radiograph was done immediate postoperative, eight weeks postsurgery and at time of the final follow-up to assess alignment and consolidation.

Results

All children were evaluated clinically and radiologically. The mean follow-up was 28.60 ± 4.01 months. The mean operative time was 20 ± 3.96 min. All cases (100%) reported complete consolidation and the cast was removed within 8.69 ± 1.0 weeks (range: 7-11 weeks). The average proximal medial tibial angle improved from a mean 66.67 ± 2.67° (range 60 – 70) preoperatively to 90.15 ± 1.16° (range 88–92) postoperative (P < 0.05) and this was maintained till the end of follow-up. All patients’ caregivers reported their satisfaction by the final end results.

Conclusion

Osteotomy osteoclasis is an effective reliable method in the management of infantile genu-varum.
Nutrition morbidity interactions in pre-school children
Authors: Ramachandran Prema , Kalaivani K. , Lakshmi R.V. , Kalaivani M. , Pandey R.M. , Subapriya M. Sylvia
Published: November 2023

Background & objectives:

Research studies in the 1970s reported that in pre-school children, undernutrition increased the risk of infections and infections aggravated undernutrition. Over decades, there has been a reduction in prevalence of undernutrition and improvement in access to healthcare for treatment of infections. A mixed longitudinal study was undertaken to assess whether over time there were any changes from the earlier reported effect of undernutrition prior to infection on the risk of morbidity and effect of morbidity on nutritional status in pre-school children.

Methods:

Pre-school (0-59 months of age) children from urban low- and middle-income families whose parents were willing to allow their participation in the study were enrolled. Information on sociodemographic profile of the families was collected at enrolment. Weight of all children and length in infants were recorded every month; length/height in children 12-59 months of age was recorded once in three months. Morbidity information was collected through fortnightly visits.

Results:

3888 pre-school children were followed up in 74636 home visits. Among these children, underweight and wasting were associated with a small increase in risk of infections. The odds ratio for risk of infection for underweight children was 1.09 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.16) and for wasting was 1.18 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.29). The deterioration in Z scores for weight-for-age and body mass index-for-age in children during illness and convalescence was small but significant (P<0.001).

Interpretation & conclusions:

The increased risk of infections in undernourished children living in overcrowded tenements in areas with poor environmental hygiene was not significant, perhaps because the risk of infection in normally nourished children was also high. The deterioration in nutritional status following infection was small because of the ready access to and utilization of health and nutrition care.
Evaluation of cell adhesion molecules (LFA-1 and L-selectin) in ankylosing spondylitis patients after treatment with β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000)
Authors: Fattahi Mohammad Javad , Rehm Bernd H.A. , Matsuo Hidenori , Cuzzocrea Salvatore , Jafarnezhad-Ansariha Fahimeh , Ahmadi Hossein , Tofighi-Zavareh Farzaneh , Oraei Mona , Aghazadeh Zahra , Mirshafiey Abbas
Published: November 2023

Background & objectives:

To examine β-D-mannuronic acid (M2000) effects on L-selectin shedding and leucocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) expression as mechanisms of action of this drug in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods:

To investigate the molecular consequences of β-D-mannuronic acid on L-selectin shedding, flow cytometry method was used. Furthermore, the effect of it on LFA-1 gene expression was analyzed by using quantitative real time (qRT)-PCR technique.

Results:

The LFA-1 expression in patients with AS was higher than controls (P=0.046). The LFA-1 expression after 12 wk therapy with β-D-mannuronic acid was meaningfully decreased (P=0.01). After 12 wk treatment with β-D-mannuronic acid, the frequency of CD62L-expressing CD4+ T cells in patients with AS, was not considerably altered, compared to the patients before therapy (P=0.5). Furthermore, after 12 wk therapy with β-D-mannuronic acid, L-selectin expression levels on CD4+ T-cells in patients with AS, were not remarkably changed, compared to the expression levels of these in patients before treatment (P=0.2).

Interpretation & conclusions:

The results of this study for the first time showed that β-D-mannuronic acid can affect events of adhesion cascade in patients with AS. Moreover, β-D-mannuronic acid presented as an acceptable benefit to AS patients and could aid in the process of disease management.