bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suppression of hydrodynamic escape of an H2-rich early Earth atmosphere by radiative cooling of carbon oxides
Authors: Yoshida Tatsuya , Terada Naoki , Kuramoto Kiyoshi
Published: November 2024

Radiative cooling by molecules is a crucial process for hydrodynamic escape, as it can efficiently remove the thermal energy driving the outflow, acquired through X-ray and extreme UV absorption. Carbon oxides, such as CO and CO2, and their photochemical products are anticipated to serve as vital radiative cooling sources not only in atmospheres dominated by carbon oxides but also in H2-rich atmospheres. However, their specific effects on the hydrodynamic escape, especially in H2-rich atmospheres, have been inadequately investigated. In this study, we conduct 1-D hydrodynamic escape simulations for H2-rich atmospheres incorporating CO, CO2, and their chemical products on an Earth-mass planet. We consider detailed radiative cooling processes and chemical networks related to carbon oxides to elucidate their impacts on the hydrodynamic escape. In the escape outflow, CO2 undergoes rapid photolysis, producing CO and atomic oxygen, while CO exhibits photochemical stability compared to CO2. The H2 oxidation by atomic oxygen results in the production of OH and H2O. Consequently, the hydrodynamic escape is significantly suppressed by the radiative cooling effects of CO, H2O, OH, and H3+ even when the basal mixing fraction of CO and CO2 is lower than ~ 0.01. These mechanisms extend the lifetime of H2-rich atmospheres by about one order of magnitude compared to the case of pure hydrogen atmospheres on early Earth, which also results in negligible escape of heavier carbon- and nitrogen-bearing molecules and noble gases.
Implant-supported fixed prostheses with cantilever: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kondo Yusuke , Sakai Kiyoshi , Minakuchi Hajime , Horimai Takuya , Kuboki Takuo ,   JSOI Clinical Guideline Working Group collaborators, Atsuta Ikiru , Hasuike Akira , Takaoka Kazuki , Tanabe Norimasa , Yamauchi Kensuke , Aita Hideki , Akiyama Kentaro , Furuya Junichi , Hiroyasu Kazuhiko , Oshima Masamitsu , Sato Yohei , Sawase Takashi , Yamada Yoichi , Ayukawa Yasunori , Kurosaki Yoko , Mino Takuya , Sakamoto Takashi , Kondo Hisatomo , Miyazaki Takashi , Hosokawa Ryuji
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This systematic review (SR) aimed to investigate whether the presence of a cantilever affects the results of implant treatment for partial edentulism, including an analysis of the anterior and posterior regions of the dental arches.

Methods

An electronic search was performed, and original articles published between 1995 and November 2023 were included. The outcomes were the implant survival rate, patient satisfaction, occurrence of mechanical complications, and marginal bone loss around the implants. Two SR members independently examined the validity of the studies, extracted evidence from the included studies, and performed risk of bias assessment, comprehensive evidence evaluation, and meta-analysis.

Results

Nine studies met our inclusion criteria. Implant survival rate tended to be lower in the cantilever group, and marginal bone loss tended to be higher in the cantilever group; however, there was no significant difference. There was no significant difference in patient satisfaction based on the presence or absence of a cantilever. Moreover, the incidence of mechanical complications was significantly higher in the cantilever group. According to the analysis of anterior and posterior regions, implant survival rate tended to be lower in the cantilever group of the posterior region, and marginal bone loss around the implants tended to be higher in the cantilever group of the anterior region.

Conclusion

Implant-supported fixed prostheses with cantilevers did not negatively affect implant survival rate, marginal bone loss, or patient satisfaction. However, the incidence of mechanical complications significantly increased in the cantilever group.
Pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy preserving blood supply for pancreatic cancer with a history of proximal gastrectomy and sigmoidectomy: a case report
Authors: Nakane Yuto , Minami Takayuki , Kurumiya Yasuhiro , Mizuno Keisuke , Sekoguchi Ei , Sugawara Gen , Inoue Masaya , Kato Takehiro , Akita Naohiro
Published: November 2024

Background

Blood supply to the remnant stomach should be preserved during pancreatectomy in patients with a history of gastrectomy. Moreover, ischemic complications should be considered when performing pancreatoduodenectomy in patients with celiac axis and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) stenosis. However, whether these surgical procedures can be safely performed remains unclear.

Case presentation

A 75-year-old man had a history of laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (PG) with double-flap technique for gastric cancer and laparoscopic sigmoidectomy for sigmoid cancer treated 4 years ago. Follow-up computed tomography (CT) revealed an irregular nodular tumor measuring 13 mm in the pancreatic head. The patient was diagnosed with resectable pancreatic head cancer without lymph node metastasis (cT1cN0M0, cStageIA) according to the Union for International Cancer Control, 8th edition. As a standard pancreatic cancer treatment, two courses of preoperative chemotherapy with gemcitabine plus S-1 were administered. CT after preoperative chemotherapy identified no significant changes in tumor size but revealed SMA stenosis due to atherosclerosis. Blood flow to the left-sided colon was supplied from the middle colic artery via the SMA because of the past sigmoidectomy with inferior mesenteric artery detachment. Therefore, SMA stent placement was performed 1 day preoperatively. Subsequently, pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) was performed, preserving the remnant stomach with the right gastroepiploic (RGE) artery and vein. After resection, indocyanine green fluorescence imaging confirmed a good blood supply to the remnant stomach. The operation time was 467 min, and the blood lost was 442 mL. Histopathologically, the tumor was diagnosed as moderate adenocarcinoma and pT1cN0M0, Stage IA. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 23. S-1 as adjuvant chemotherapy was administered on postoperative day 63. The patient has been alive without recurrence for 7 months.

Conclusions

We performed PPPD preserving blood supply for pancreatic head cancer in a patient with benign SMA stenosis and a history of PG and sigmoidectomy. Blood supply was preserved through preoperative SMA stent placement and a surgical procedure preserving the RGE vessels. Furthermore, S-1 adjuvant chemotherapy was successfully initiated. These multimodal therapies contributed to a favorable clinical outcome.
Left atrial rupture during on-pump beating coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Hidaka Hideaki , Sadanaga Tatsuaki , Hirota Takafumi , Horibe Tatsuya , Takaki Jun , Nishigawa Kosaku , Yoshinaga Takashi , Fukui Toshihiro
Published: November 2024

Background

On-pump beating coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a procedure that uses cardiopulmonary bypass to maintain circulation and it is a useful technique for CABG in patients with severely impaired cardiac function. Here, we report a case of left atrial rupture that occurred during CABG. Reports of left atrial injury are rare, and there have been no previous reports of such cases associated with on-pump beating CABG.

Case presentation

An 80-year-old man with a history of myocardial infarction was admitted to another hospital for acute heart failure. Coronary angiography revealed triple-vessel disease, and echocardiography showed reduced left ventricular function and moderate mitral regurgitation. He was transferred to our hospital for coronary artery bypass grafting and the operation was scheduled. Surgery was started with the intention of off-pump CABG, but due to circulatory instability, the patient was converted to on-pump beating CABG. While the heart was being dislocated and anastomosis was being performed, sudden bleeding from the left atrium occurred. To achieve hemostasis, we needed to arrest the patient's heart. A 5-cm laceration along the posterior mitral annulus was found in the left atrium and repaired with a bovine pericardial patch. Mitral annuloplasty with a flexible ring was performed simultaneously. He recovered uneventfully.

Conclusions

The left atrial rupture during on-pump beating coronary artery bypass grafting is extremely rare. The wall of the atrium is thought to have been damaged by the stress applied during the displacement of the heart and the impact of the enlarged mitral regurgitant jet. Repair under cardiac arrest is necessary, and in some cases, mitral annuloplasty may be additionally required.
Corrected partial anomalous pulmonary vein connection associated with lung resection: a case report
Authors: Nakata Kosuke , Takaki Jun , Fukui Toshihiro
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection (PAPVC) is a potential cause of right-sided heart failure. Notably, a risk of sudden circulatory failure exists during lung surgery. Only a few reports of PAPVC complicated by lung cancer requiring lobectomy exist. Here, we report a case of left lower lung lobectomy complicated by an anomalous connection of the left upper pulmonary vein requiring revascularization.

Case presentation

A 66-year-old man was found with an abnormal mass shadow in the left lower lung field on chest radiography. Bronchoscopy revealed lung adenocarcinoma. Preoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography showed that the left upper pulmonary vein did not perfuse the left atrium but was connected to the left brachiocephalic vein. Preoperative transthoracic echocardiography revealed right atrial and ventricular enlargement. The clinical diagnosis was stage IB (T2aN0M0). We decided to perform a left lower lobectomy and correct the PAPVC to maintain oxygenation after the lobectomy. The PAPVC was ligated, and the stump of the left upper pulmonary vein was anastomosed to the left atrial appendage without cardiopulmonary bypass. Postoperative contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed intact reconstructed vessels. Postoperative transthoracic echocardiography showed no right ventricular overload. The patient’s postoperative clinical course following the surgical procedure was uneventful. Furthermore, the patient was followed up without any complications.

Conclusions

This rare case of successful surgical correction can inform clinicians of similar cases.
Soil properties drive nitrous oxide accumulation patterns by shaping denitrifying bacteriomes
Authors: Bano Saira , Wu Qiaoyu , Yu Siyu , Wang Xinhui , Zhang Xiaojun
Published: November 2024

In agroecosystems, nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions are influenced by both microbiome composition and soil properties, yet the relative importance of these factors in determining differential N₂O emissions remains unclear. This study investigates the impacts of these factors on N₂O emissions using two primary agricultural soils from northern China: fluvo-aquic soil (FS) from the North China Plain and black soil (BS) from Northeast China, which exhibit significant differences in physicochemical properties. In non-sterilized controls (NSC), we observed distinct denitrifying bacterial phenotypes between FS and BS, with BS exhibiting significantly higher N₂O emissions. Cross-inoculation experiments were conducted by introducing extracted microbiomes into sterile recipient soils of both types to disentangle the relative contributions of soil properties and microbiomes on N₂O emission potential. The results showed recipient-soil-dependent gas kinetics, with significantly higher N₂O/(N₂O + N₂) ratios in BS compared to FS, regardless of the inoculum type. Metagenomic analysis further revealed significant shifts in denitrification genes and microbial diversity of the inoculated bacteriomes influenced by the recipient soil. The higher ratios of nirS/nosZ in FS and nirK/nosZ in BS indicated that the recipient soil dictates the formation of different denitrifying guilds. Specifically, the BS environment fosters nirK-based denitrifiers like Rhodanobacter, contributing to higher N₂O accumulation, while FS supports a diverse array of denitrifiers, including Pseudomonas and Stutzerimonas, associated with complete denitrification and lower N₂O emissions. This study underscores the critical role of soil properties in shaping microbial community dynamics and greenhouse gas emissions. These findings highlight the importance of considering soil physicochemical properties in managing agricultural practices to mitigate N₂O emissions.
Local QSAR based on quantum chemistry calculations for the stability of nitrenium ions to reduce false positive outcomes from standard QSAR systems for the mutagenicity of primary aromatic amines
Authors: Muto Shigeharu , Furuhama Ayako , Yamamoto Mika , Otagiri Yasuteru , Koyama Naoki , Hitaoka Seiji , Nagato Yusuke , Ouchi Hirofumi , Ogawa Masahiro , Shikano Kisako , Yamada Katsuya , Ono Satoshi , Hoki Minami , Ishizuka Fumiya , Hagio Soichiro , Takeshita Chiaki , Omori Hisayoshi , Hashimoto Kiyohiro , Chikura Satsuki , Honma Masamitsu , Sugiyama Kei-ichi , Mishima Masayuki
Published: November 2024

Background

Primary aromatic amines (PAAs) present significant challenges in the prediction of mutagenicity using current standard quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) systems, which are knowledge-based and statistics-based, because of their low positive prediction values (PPVs). Previous studies have suggested that PAAs are metabolized into genotoxic nitrenium ions. Moreover, ddE, a relative-energy based index derived from quantum chemistry calculations that measures the stability nitrenium ions, has been correlated with mutagenicity. This study aims to further examine the ability of the ddE-based approach in improving QSAR mutagenicity predictions for PAAs and to develop a refined method to decrease false positive predictions.

Results

Information on 1,177 PAAs was collected, of which 420 were from public databases and 757 were from in-house databases across 16 laboratories. The total dataset included 465 Ames test-positive and 712 test-negative chemicals. For internal PAAs, detailed Ames test data were scrutinized and final decisions were made using common evaluation criteria. In this study, ddE calculations were performed using a convenient and consistent protocol. An optimal ddE cutoff value of -5 kcal/mol, combined with a molecular weight ≤ 500 and ortho substitution groups yielded well-balanced prediction scores: sensitivity of 72.0%, specificity of 75.9%, PPV of 65.6%, negative predictive value of 80.9% and a balanced accuracy of 74.0%. The PPV of the ddE-based approach was greatly reduced by the presence of two ortho substituent groups of ethyl or larger, as because almost all of them were negative in the Ames test regardless of their ddE values, probably due to steric hindrance affecting interactions between the PAA and metabolic enzymes. The great majority of the PAAs whose molecular weights were greater than 500 were also negative in Ames test, despite ddE predictions indicating positive mutagenicity.

Conclusions

This study proposes a refined approach to enhance the accuracy of QSAR mutagenicity predictions for PAAs by minimizing false positives. This integrative approach incorporating molecular weight, ortho substitution patterns, and ddE values, substantially can provide a more reliable basis for evaluating the genotoxic potential of PAAs.
Nanocochleate-based delivery of quercetin with enhanced therapeutic potential: formulation, cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetics study
Authors: Kapare Harshad S. , Patil Nagesh , Bhosale Mayuri , Kulkarni Deepak , Bhole Ritesh
Published: November 2024

Background

Quercetin has well-proven anticancer potential through various mechanisms, but its applications in drug delivery are limited due to poor biopharmaceutical properties. The present study was aimed to formulate quercetin nanocochleates (QNC) in order to overcome these limitations. QNC formulation was fabricated by a trapping method, optimized and evaluated for various formulation aspects, in vitro cytotoxicity and pharmacokinetic parameters.

Result

Developed nanocochleates possess particle size and encapsulation efficiency of 205.6 ± 2.55 nm and 76.36 ± 0.88%, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity study performed using MCF-7 cell lines revealed the comparative efficiency of QNC over pure quercetin. Total growth inhibition concentration (TGI) for pure quercetin was 96.73 μg/ml, while for QNC it was 83.29 μg/ml. Pharmacokinetic study results showed improvement in Cmax and AUC after QNC formulation with increased Tmax showing sustained release.

Conclusion

Overall, the developed QNC formulation markedly improved cytotoxic potential and biopharmaceutical aspects.
Identification of Individuals With Hereditary Cancer Risk Through Multiple Data Sources: A Population-Based Method Using the GARDE Platform and The Utah Population Database
Authors: Del Fiol Guilherme , Madsen Michael J. , Bradshaw Richard L. , Newman Michael G. , Kaphingst Kimberly A. , Tavtigian Sean V. , Camp Nicola J.
Published: November 2024

PURPOSE

The GARDE platform uses family history reported in the electronic health record (EHR) to systematically identify eligible patients for genetic testing for hereditary cancer syndromes. The goal of this study was to evaluate the change in effectiveness of GARDE to identify eligible individuals when more comprehensive family history data are provided, thus quantifying the impact of underdocumentation.

METHODS

A cohort of 133,764 patients at the University of Utah Health was analyzed with GARDE comparing identification rates using EHR data versus EHR plus data from a statewide population database, the Utah Population Database (UPDB).

RESULTS

Compared with EHR alone, EHR + UPDB increased the rate of individuals eligible for genetic testing from 4.1% to 9.2%. In the 44,692 individuals with the most comprehensive family history, eligibility more than quadrupled from 4.6% (EHR alone) to 19.3% (EHR + UPDB). The increase was significant across all demographics, but disparities still remained for historically marginalized minorities (9.2%-13.9% in non-White races compared with 19.7% in White races).

CONCLUSION

Augmenting EHR data with family history data from the UPDB substantially improved the detection of individuals eligible for genetic testing of hereditary cancer syndromes in all subgroups. This underscores the importance of improving methods for acquiring family history, in person or in silico. However, these increases did not ameliorate disparities. Continuous disparities are unlikely to be explained by incomplete family history alone and may also be because susceptibility genes, risk variants, and screening guidelines were discovered and developed largely in White races. Addressing disparities will require intentional data collection of family history in historically marginalized minorities and the promotion of genetic and risk assessment studies in more diverse populations to ensure equity and health care.
Exploring the Correlation between LC–MS Multi-Attribute Method and Conventional Chromatographic Product Quality Assays through Multivariate Data Analysis
Authors: Jiang Tingting , Kwofie Francis , Attanasio Nick , Haas Matthew , Higgins John , Kosanam Hari
Published: November 2024

Biotherapeutics are subject to inherent heterogeneity due to the complex biomanufacturing processes. Numerous analytical techniques have been employed to identify, characterize, and monitor critical quality attributes (CQAs) to ensure product safety, and efficacy. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based multi-attribute method (MAM) has become increasingly popular in biopharmaceutical industry due to its potential to replace multiple traditional analytical methods. However, the correlation between MAM and conventional methods remains to be fully understood. Additionally, the complex analytical workflow and limited throughput of MAM restricts its implementation as a quality control (QC) release assay. Herein, we present a simple, robust, and rapid MAM workflow for monitoring CQAs. Our rapid approach allowed us to create a database from ~700 samples, including site-specific post-translational modifications (PTMs) quantitation results using MAM and data from traditional charge variant and oxidation characterization methods. To gain insights from this database, we employ multivariate data analysis (MVDA) to thoroughly exploit the data. By applying partial least squares regression (PLSR) models, we demonstrate the ability to quantitatively predict charge variants in ion exchange chromatography (IEX) assay and oxidation abundances in hydrophobic-interaction chromatography (HIC) assay using MAM data, highlighting the interconnectivity between MAM and traditional product quality assays. These findings help evaluate the suitability of MAM as a replacement for conventional methods for release, and more importantly, contribute to enhanced process and product understanding.

Graphical Abstract
Genetic and Clinical Characteristics of 185 Japanese Children With 46,XY Differences of Sex Development
Authors: Hayashi Mie , Narumi Satoshi , Sato Takeshi , Amano Naoko , Suwanai Ayuko Suzuki , Haruna Hidenori , Muroya Koji , Adachi Masanori , Asanuma Hiroshi , Ohashi Hirofumi , Ishii Tomohiro , Hasegawa Tomonobu
Published: November 2024

Context

46,XY differences of sex development (DSD) are heterogeneous in etiology. The detailed phenotypes of 46,XY DSD patients with monogenic disorders have not been fully elucidated.

Objectives

To estimate the proportion of monogenic disorders in 46,XY DSD and to characterize the clinical phenotypes of patients with monogenic disorders.

Methods

A total of 185 Japanese patients (178 families) were enrolled. We sequenced 25 genes related to 46,XY DSD and assessed the pathogenicity of the identified sequence variants according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics guidelines, supplemented by in silico and/or in vitro analyses. We analyzed the clinical phenotypes of patients with monogenic disorders, with particular attention to the external or internal genitalia.

Results

We identified 51 patients (47 families) with any monogenic disorders (26%), who possessed pathogenic variants in AR (11%), SRD5A2 (4.5%), NR5A1 (4.0%), SRY (2.8%), WT1 (1.1%), STAR (1.1%), CYP17A1 (0.56%), HSD3B2 (0.56%), or MAP3K1 (0.56%). The proportion of monogenic disorders was significantly higher in subjects with detected Müllerian derivatives (57%) than in those undetected (26%) (P = .029), and in subjects with female-typical genitalia (91%) than in those with ambiguous genitalia (19%) (P < .001).

Conclusion

The proportion of monogenic disorders in Japanese 46,XY DSD patients was approximately 26%. Monogenic disorders were frequent among patients with severe undermasculinization of the external or internal genitalia.
Pharmacokinetics of Methadone in Adult Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Salas Wilbaldo E. , Cortinez Luis I. , López Rodrigo A. , Rolle Augusto , Elgueta Francisca , Godoy Cesar O. , Giordano Ady , Contreras Víctor , Anderson Brian J.
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces profound physiological changes that may alter the pharmacokinetics of methadone. We aimed to describe the pharmacokinetics of an intravenous bolus of methadone racemate in adult patients undergoing heart surgery with CPB.

METHODS:

We prospectively studied 29 patients aged 45 to 75 years scheduled for cardiac surgery with CPB who received methadone 0.2 mg/kg after anesthesia induction. Arterial blood samples (n = 10) were taken, before, during, and after CPB. Pharmacokinetic analysis was undertaken using nonlinear mixed effects models.

RESULTS:

All patients completed the study. The median [interquartile range] methadone concentrations decreased from 34.8 [23.9–48.2] ng/mL (10 minutes before CPB) to 18.2 [9.9–26] ng/mL after 60 minutes of CPB (P < .001). A 3-compartment model adequately described the observed changes in methadone concentrations. The influence of CPB on methadone pharmacokinetics was best described by hemodilution in a fixed volume of 1.5 L (CPB circuit volume) and by sequestration from the CPB components (CLSEQ = 93.4 L/h, 95%CI 59–124, P < .01). The observed effect of CPB in methadone pharmacokinetics can be compensated by giving a supplementary bolus dose of 0.05 mg/kg at the end of CPB.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results confirmed a decay in methadone concentrations during CPB, which, in our modeling analysis, was attributed to hemodilution and sequestration within the CPB components.
Preoperative Biofluid Biomarkers for Predicting Postoperative Neurocognitive Disorders in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sim Ming Ann , Wilding Helen , Atkins Kelly J. , Silbert Brendan , Scott David A. , Evered Lisbeth Anne
Published: November 2024

Preoperative biofluid biomarkers reflecting pathophysiological, neuronal injury, and inflammation as well as those for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be valuable tools for the risk stratification of perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PNDs) in older adults. We summarized current evidence relating these preoperative biomarkers to PND beyond 7 days, in older surgical participants aged ≥60 years. Studies that evaluated the association of preoperative biomarkers with cognitive decline as an outcome, beyond 7 days, were identified through searches of 6 databases and 3 trial registries to 17 January 2024. Preclinical studies, intracranial surgical, or studies with participants aged <60 years were excluded. Studies varied widely in the assessment of PND, so a wide range of cognitive outcomes was accepted, including those using the term postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) to define cognitive decline. The pooled incidence of POCD utilizing a binary cognitive outcome was summarized. Fifteen studies involving 2103 participants were included. Marked heterogeneity was evident in the cognitive outcome metrics, assessment timeframes, limiting a quantitative synthesis. Of the 9 studies using binarized cognitive outcomes, the incidence of POCD was 23.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6–46.2) at <3 months, 11.4% (95% CI, 8.1–15.0) at 3 to <12 months, and 6.9% (95% CI, 1.9–14.5) at ≥12 months postoperatively. Of the 15 studies, 9 described blood-based biomarkers, 4 described cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers, and 2 measured both blood and CSF markers. The biomarkers evaluated reflected the pathogenic indicators neuronal injury (9 studies), inflammation (5 studies) and of amyloid (5 studies), and Tau (1 study). The studies included were of medium to high quality. Evidence was the most promising for amyloid biomarkers, with 4 of 5 included studies demonstrating associations of lower preoperative biofluid amyloid biomarker levels with increased risk of POCD. In conclusion, preoperative biofluid amyloid biomarkers may hold potential utility for the prediction of POCD, although current evidence remains limited. Other potential preoperative biomarkers for POCD included p-Tau181 and Neurofilament Light, however small sample sizes, study heterogeneity, and conflicting results limited conclusions drawn. Standardized cognitive outcome metrics and common assessment timeframes are additionally required in future studies to ascertain the prognostic utility of these biomarkers for POCD.
The Novel and the Ottoman Institution of Slavery: Domesticity and Slave Labor in Namık Kemal's İntibah
Authors: Camoglu Arif
Published: November 2024

This article makes a case for a critical engagement with the Ottoman institution of slavery and slave trade in its globalist rethinking of the rise of the novel. It argues that production of late Ottoman Turkish novelistic writing hinged on a domestic imagination to which the labor of enslaved women was indispensable. Placing Namık Kemal's İntibah in conversation with other novels contemporaneous with it, the article underscores the interlacement between the genre-conscious crafting of novelistic writing in the nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire and the ubiquitous presence of enslaved women in the fictions from the period. As such, it highlights the necessity of reframing the transnational history of the novel by expanding the interrogation of its gendered and racialized economy to hitherto neglected Ottoman contexts of enslavement.
Why Are So Many U.S. Mothers Becoming Their Family's Primary Economic Support?
Authors: Pepin Joanna R. , McErlean Kimberly , Glass Jennifer L. , Raley R. Kelly
Published: November 2024

Although the growing prevalence of primary-earning mothers is well established, this article uses 1996 and 2014 Survey of Income and Program Participation data to show U.S. mothers’ rate of transition to primary-earner status increased by nearly 50% over the observed period. The rate of transition to primary earning predominantly increased among mothers with some college experience and mothers racialized as White, largely catching up to the rate among mothers identifying as Black. A decomposition analysis determined that relationship instability in marital and cohabiting relationships accounts for less than 20% of the increased transition rate, although somewhat more for Hispanic mothers. Roughly 75% of the growth in maternal primary-earning spells was attributed to situations in which the mother's earnings increased in isolation or, for mothers with a partner, often paired with a decrease in the partner's earnings. This latter circumstance was particularly the case for mothers identifying as Black or Asian. Findings show that most of the growth in mothers becoming primary earners from the mid-1990s to the mid-2010s occurred not because mothers experienced more household economic changes (frequency), but because household economic changes often increased mothers’ relative financial contributions (impact). The impact component accounted for the entire increased transition rate across mothers’ educational attainment and racial and ethnic identity.
The New Militancy
Authors: Roy Tania
Published: November 2024

This special section, entitled “Memory Wars,” marks the twentieth anniversary of Cultural Politics and was initiated a few months after Russia's full-scale invasion of Ukraine in February 2022. Taking as a cue the question of a belligerent revision of history, the journal convened a symposium on “memory wars” in collaboration with the Winchester School of Art, University of Southampton, in June 2023. Geopolitical alignments of Europe and the United States around Ukraine have been catalyzed since by the incursion of Hamas fighters into Israel on October 7, 2023, and the campaign of extermination that has been subsequently waged by Israel on the Gaza Strip. The contributions to this special section engage the current, militarized politics of memory through the premise of increasingly authoritarian forms of liberalism—such militant liberalism is consolidated around an essentially epigonal understanding of the world, which combines reified languages of Holocaust memory culture with refurbished binaries of the Cold War. Entries range from the Russia-NATO war in Ukraine (Tarik Cyril Amar in conversation with Tania Roy), through the cultural domain of Germany and the limits of liberal freedoms of speech and artistic expression before and after October 7 (ruangrupa in conversation with Sophie Goltz), to the crisis of Israel-Palestine now (Ayelet Ben-Yishai).
Efficacy and safety profile of 2nd line Anti TB drugs in DRTB patients in a tertiary care hospital of South Punjab
Authors: Rizwan Hafiz Muhammad , Atif Moazzam Ali , Hussain Mazhar , Nazeer Rimsha
Published: November 2024

Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the efficacy and safety profile of 2nd line Anti TB drugs in DR TB patients in a tertiary care hospital of South Punjab.
Method: This retrospective cohort study included patients who received therapy for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) between March 2018 and June 2021 at the Pulmonology Department of Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Sociodemographic data, TB treatment history, treatment schemes, safety profiles, weight measures, and sputum smear results were obtained from medical records. Outcome variables of interest included body weight, sputum smear grading for treatment efficacy, and ADRs for safety assessment.
Results: The study showed a progressive decline in positive sputum smear results over the 24-month treatment for MDR-TB, with an increase in negative smear results from 33 (9.50%) at baseline to 97 (28.0%) by Month 24. Furthermore, the mean body weight significantly increased every three months throughout the trial. Beginning at 43.83 kg at baseline, the mean weight increased to 50.02 kg by the end of 24 months. ADRs were mostly mild to moderate, including depression (18.4%), arthralgia (17.1%), anxiety (16.5%), and Qtc prolongation (11.0%). The treatment adhered to international guidelines, using a tailored combination of second-line drugs and adjusting regimens based on drug resistance patterns from sputum culture and DST.
Conclusion: The study findings suggest the efficacy of second-line anti-TB drug regimens in achieving sputum smear conversion and positive treatment outcomes in patients with MDR-TB. However, the occurrence of ADRs highlights the need for careful monitoring and management during treatment.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.8605
How to cite this: Rizwan HM, Atif MA, Hussain M, Nazeer R. Efficacy and safety profile of 2nd line Anti TB drugs in DRTB patients in a tertiary care hospital of South Punjab. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2665-2674. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.8605
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Mentor-Mentee relationship in Medicine: How to develop trust?
Authors: Mukhtar Khadijah , Mukhtar Mahnoor , Haider Syed Abdullah , Iram Sadia
Published: November 2024

A mentor-mentee relationship, also known as a mentoring relationship, is a professional or personal partnership in which a more experienced or knowledgeable individual (the mentor) provides guidance, support, and advice to a less experienced or knowledgeable individual (the mentee). The primary purpose of this relationship is to facilitate the mentee’s personal and professional growth. Mentors typically share their expertise, wisdom, and experiences to help mentees navigate their career or personal development paths. In this qualitative exploratory study 10 mentees were interviewed and analysis was done based on their answers to find out the strengthening factors of a mentor-mentee relationship particularly focusing on the qualities and traits required to build trust. The results of this research indicate that trust among mentors and mentees could be developed by respect, confidentiality, empathy, humbleness, hard work and good communication from both sides.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9372
How to cite this: Mukhtar K, Mukhtar M, Haider SA, Iram S. Mentor-Mentee relationship in Medicine: How to develop trust? Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2748-2751. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9372
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Vitamin-D deficiency as a potential indicator of defective placentation in preeclampsia
Authors: Ali Sanum , Huma Zilli , Yasmin Haleema , Hussain Sehrish
Published: November 2024

Objective: To determine the association of serum Vitamin-D levels and placental laminin expression in pre-eclamptic and normotensive women.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to February 2021, in the Department of Anatomy, Basic Medical Sciences Institute (BMSI) in collaboration with the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics after the approval from Institutional Review Board (IRB), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre JPMC, Karachi. The placentae were collected from 120 women, segregated into two cohorts as normotensive (NT) (n=60) and pre-eclamptic (PE) (n=60) and serum Vitamin-D levels measured. All placentae were examined for histological changes by Hematoxylin & Eosin stain and the expression of Laminin (LN) was calculated by the optical density using ImageJ.
Results: The serum Vitamin-D levels (ng/ml) in normotensive were significantly higher as compared to pre-ecclamptics (p-value = 0.001). The Syncytial knots, cytotrophoblast proliferation and basement membrane thickness were also significantly different among normotensive and pre-eclamptics (p-value= 0.001)When compared with normal placenta the optical density (expression) of LNs was significantly lower (p-value 0.001) in preeclampsia placentae. The association between serum Vitamin-D and laminin expression was highly positively significant. NT (r=0.811, p-value 0.001) and PE group (r=0.79, p-value 0.001)
Conclusion: Our results show a strongly positive association between serum Vitamin-D levels, LN expression and severity of histopathological changes between normotensive and pre-eclamptic women.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9825
How to cite this: Ali S, Huma Z, Yasmin H, Hussain S. Vitamin-D deficiency as a potential indicator of defective placentation in preeclampsia. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(11):2619-2625. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.11.9825
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
In silico analysis of the action of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids against Echinococcus granulosus fatty-acid-binding protein 1
Authors: Paco-Chipana Margot , Mena-Ulecia Karel , Hidalgo Rosa Yoan , Herrera Valdivida Maria Isabel , Goyzueta-Mamani Luis Daniel , Cardenas-Pillco Berly , Chavez-Fumagalli Miguel Angel , Barazorda-Ccahuana Haruna Luz
Published: November 2024

Background The zoonotic infection caused by tapeworms Echinococcus is a neglected tropical disease in poor regions with limited access to suitable sanitary conditions. Hydatid cysts produced by Echinococcus granulosus use fatty-acid-binding proteins (FABP) to obtain the fatty acids and cholesterol necessary for their survival from the host. In this work, we analyzed the behaviour of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids against EgFABP1. Methods We used computational biology and chemistry techniques and binding free energy estimations by molecular mechanics generalized Born surface area (MM/GBSA). Results This research has enabled us to clarify the EgFABP1 isoforms identified in the database, suggesting their potential involvement in diverse cellular activities of Echinococcus granulosus. Conversely, examining the global and local chemical reactivity of 14 fatty acids revealed that liposolubility is contingent upon the degree of unsaturation in the FAs. Additionally, FAs exhibited acceptable levels of oral absorption and bioavailability. The binding of EgFABP1 with FAs analyzed by molecular dynamics simulation showed us that these are highly stable, where the best affinity was with docosahexaenoic acid. Conclusions Our results suggest that the action of fatty acids could play an interesting role in detecting early Echinococcus granulosus.
Understanding decision making for the use of atraumatic restorative approach based on non-clinical factors by Indian pedodontists - a conjoint analysis.
Authors: Nadar Bhuvaneshwari , GV Usha , Almalki Sultan , Gowdar Inderjit
Published: November 2024

Background Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) approach is considered as one of the minimally invasive interventions. The success of restoration depends on various clinical factors like material, patient and operator factor. Conjoint analysis is a technique for measuring individual’s preference structures via systematical variations of products attributes in an experimental design. Aim Assess Pedodontists’ perception of non-clinical factors and investigate influence of child’s age, level of cooperation and vulnerability status on their decisions to perform Atraumatic Restorative Approach (ART) approach using hypothetical patient scenario’s and conjoint design. Materials and methods A cross-sectional exploratory survey using a web-based questionnaire was performed among Pedodontists registered as life members under Indian Association of Pedodontic and Preventive Dentistry. Self-designed structured scenario-based questionnaire was prepared and validated. Three non-clinical factors Age of child, Cooperation level and Vulnerability status were considered. Using orthogonal design, SPSS software nine profiles were created randomly along with two holdouts. Final study proforma consisted of three sections with description of eleven clinical scenarios. It was administered to participants using Google forms. Using SPSS conjoint software relative utilities for each factor on decision for using ART was estimated. Results Four hundred and thirty-two pedodontists had completed the survey (35.9%). Pedodontists considered vulnerability status of the child as the most important factor for their decision to use ART treatment. For the vulnerability status, the factor vulnerable had the greatest utility (-0.364) compared to non-vulnerable factor (0.364). For cooperation level, factor uncooperative had greater utility (-0.343), as compared to moderately cooperative (0.066) and uncooperative (0.277). For the age factor, the age of 4 years had the greatest utility (-0.175) compared with age 6 (-0.013) and age 12 (0.19). Conclusion The most preferred scenario by pedodontists to consider ART as treatment of choice was child belonging to vulnerable section, being very young and uncooperative.
Supporting contraceptive self-care and reproductive empowerment with a digital health game in Barbados: Development and Pre-implementation study for What’s My Method?
Authors: Bertozzi Elena , Bertozzi-Villa Clara , Sabato Erin , Alleyne Nicole , Watson-Miller Sonia , Jordan Tiffany , Langdon Anderson
Published: November 2024

Effective contraceptive education is essential to reducing unwanted pregnancy, increasing uptake of modern contraceptive methods, and thoughtfully planning desired births. New World Health Organization (WHO) and family planning organization guidelines recommend situating contraceptive education and counseling within a broader context of self-care that emphasizes individual agency and reproductive empowerment. Digital health interventions, and games for health specifically, have been validated as effective and scalable tools for self-guided and interactive health education, especially among younger tech-savvy individuals. Barbados currently supplements provider-based contraceptive counseling with analog materials (pamphlets and posters) and informational videos that play on a screen in the waiting room. As part of an implementation framework, this study seeks to conduct a formative evaluation of the What’s My Method? (WMM) game intervention as a tool to support contraceptive counseling and increase reproductive empowerment among childbearing persons in Barbados. We test-deployed the WMM game in Bridgetown, Barbados, conducting playtests and unstructured discussions with prototypes of the WMM game among three groups of stakeholders (youth contraception ambassadors: n=8; healthcare providers: n=7; and nursing students: n=27) to determine acceptability of the intervention, efficacy of the game as a learning tool, and willingness to adopt the tool in their healthcare context. Feedback on acceptability of the game was largely positive. Detailed constructive comments informed modifications and improvements to the game. The questionnaire used to assess contraceptive knowledge gain did not prove effective. Results indicate that the WMM game is well-received and accepted by the healthcare professionals who would be deploying it. This pilot testing has informed the design of the modified WMM for a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to test the deployment of the game in a healthcare setting.
ESG-transformation in the public administration system: network analysis
Authors: Pesotskaya Anna
Published: November 2024

The purpose of the study is to analyze the nature of the interaction of political networks between the authorities of St. Petersburg and representatives of large businesses during the implementation of projects in the field of ESG. The author chose the method of network analysis based on graph theory, in which a network model is formed - a graphical representation of a network consisting of nodes and connections between them. It is concluded that large St. Petersburg companies followed the trend of ESG transformation, while not only engaged in social investment, but also actively contact the authorities in solving these tasks. However, the number of links in the implementation of ESG projects over the period 2019-2021 has not changed significantly in the direction of increase or decrease, which indicates a stagnation in the pace of the transformation under consideration. The theoretical significance of the study lies in deepening the tools for researching the policies of economic and political actors in the field of ESG. The practical significance of the research lies in expanding the scope of network analysis in political research, including with the help of the Pajek program.
Łukasza Schubbego Carmen de nova constitutione Gymnasii Thoruniensis z 1568 r. w zbiorach Wojewódzkiej Biblioteki Publicznej - Książnicy Kopernikańskiej w Toruniu
Authors: Dreikopel Tomasz
Published: November 2024

W roku 1568 formalnie rozpoczęło swoją działalność zreformowane i poddane reorganizacji Gimnazjum Toruńskie. Wydarzenie to uczcił okolicznościowym utworem poetyckim konrektor Łukasz Schubbe. Napisane przezeń Carmen de nova constitutione Gymnasii Thoruniensis pozostaje w pełni wartościowym źródłem do poznania dziejów toruńskiej szkoły w II poł. XVI w. Opracowanie zawiera uwagi wstępne, ujednoliconą pod kątem ortograficznym oraz interpunkcyjnym transliterację wiersza Schubbego, przekład na język polski oraz komentarz.
Dragoun, Michal et al. Knižní kultura českého středověku [Czech Book Culture in the Middle Ages]. Vydání první. Dolní Břežany: Scriptorium, 2020. 399 pp. ISBN 978-80-7649-012-3.
Authors: Brozovska Onderkova Jana
Published: November 2024

The monograph Knižní kultura českého středověku [Czech Book Culture in the Middle Ages] presents in four chapters the history of the manuscript and partially printed books and book culture, especially the area of book painting and book binding in the Czech lands in the Middle Ages until about the end of the 15th century. There is also an additional topic connected with book history, the period of incunabula. The authors of the individual chapters are Michal Dragoun, Jindřich Marek (Institute of Information Studies and Librarianship, Faculty of Arts, Charles University), Kamil Boldan (National Library of the Czech Republic), Milada Studničková (Institute of Art History, Czech Academy of Sciences). It summarizes new knowledge in areas previously summarized in the publications published in the early 1990s, Česká kniha v proměnách staletí [Czech Book through the centuries], compiled by a collective of authors under the leadership of Mirjam Bohatcová, and Josef Krása’s study České iluminované rukopisy 13.–16. století [Czech Illuminated Manuscripts 13th to 16th centuries]. The reviewed book is based on many years of research done by the members of the author’s team and also on partial studies by personalities of Czech and Moravian codicology and library science (e.g., Jiří Hlaváček, Petr Voit, Ladislav Dokoupil, and others).