bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child psychoanalytic psychotherapy in the UK National Health Service: an historical analysis
Authors: Rous Elizabeth , Clark Andrew
Published: November 2009

This review developed from a discussion with the late Professor Richard Harrington about interventions in Child and Adolescent Mental Health services (CAMHS) that lacked an evidence base. Our aim is to investigate the literature for signs that child psychoanalysis is a declining paradigm within the Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in the United Kingdom (UK). We present the literature chronologically since the inception of the UK National Health Service. This study shows that there have been a number of threats to child psychoanalytic psychotherapy, but no significant consistent decline. The profession is beginning to develop the social profile of a scientific discipline. We conclude that child psychoanalytic psychotherapy does not consistently demonstrate features of a declining scientific paradigm.
The vocabulary of madness from Homer to Hippocrates. Part 2: The verbal group of βακχεύω and the noun λύσσα
Authors: Perdicoyianni-Paléologou Hélène
Published: November 2009

In Part 2 of this two-part paper, I examine the evolution and the aspects of the concept of madness expressed by the various forms — verbal and nominal, simple and compound — of the verbal group of βακχεύω and the noun λύσσα, its nominal and derivatives, in the archaic and classical periods. I conclude that the verbal group of βακχεύω is apt to indicate bacchic frenzy that manifests either in the celebration of Bacchos’s mysteries or in the delirium instilled by Dionysos In addition, λύσσα, its nominal and verbal derivatives, refer to either a violent and wild state of soul resulting from divine intervention or pathological madness caused by a dog’s bite.
Psychiatry and homosexuality in mid-twentieth-century Edinburgh: the view from Jordanburn Nerve Hospital
Authors: Davidson Roger
Published: November 2009

There has been little historical research into the post-war treatment of homosexuality, especially in Scotland. Using surviving records from the Jordanburn Nerve Hospital (JNH) in Edinburgh for the 1950s, this paper sets out to rectify this omission. The views of homosexuality held by the psychiatrists, and the main treatment strategies adopted (categorized as hospitalization, suppression, reorientation/‘cure’, and adjustment) are surveyed and illustrated from particular cases. The Edinburgh experience is also compared with perceptions and practices relating to the treatment of homosexual problems in Glasgow. It is concluded that psychiatrists at the JNH adopted a cautious, ad hoc approach to therapy, reflecting both ideological and resource constraints and an attachment to taxonomies of deviance rooted in established notions of sexual pathology.
‘On alterations in the form of speech and on the formation of new words and expressions in madness’ by L. Snell (1852)
Authors: Berrios G.E.
Published: November 2009

This Classic Text is a translation of an 1852 paper on neologisms and other disorders of language in the insane by Ludwig Snell (1817—92). It illustrates the impact on descriptive psychopathology caused by the early nineteenth-century view that language shaped thought and culture. Developed by Herder, Humboldt and others, this view was to govern the way in which disorders of language were to be studied in psychiatry until well into the twentieth century. After World War II, the so-called ‘cognitive revolution’ returned to the view that thought was more important than language. This encouraged psychiatrists to neglect the study of psychotic neologisms per se and consider ‘thought disorder’ as a primary abnormality in schizophrenia.
Holocene vegetation changes in NW Iberia revealed by anthracological and palynological records from a colluvial soil
Authors: Carrión Yolanda , Kaal Joeri , López-Sáez José Antonio , López-Merino Lourdes , Martínez Cortizas Antonio
Published: November 2009

Macroscopic charcoal, pollen and non-pollen palynomorphs were isolated from a colluvial soil located on a small hill in Campo Lameiro (NW Spain) in order to elucidate the vegetation history of the area and its relation to fire and human activities. The presence of macroscopic charcoal throughout the 2.10 m thick soil (42 samples) is evidence of frequent fires during the last c. 6300 years. The charcoal record was dominated by Quercus (probably Q. robur), Ericaceae (probably Arbutus unedo and Erica arborea) and Fabaceae (mainly Genista type). Abrupt changes in the charcoal assemblage are less explicit in the pollen sequence, probably as a result of pollen inflow from the downhill surroundings of the study site. Combined results indicated that the original oak woodland was gradually replaced by pyrophytic shrubs (Ericaceae and Fabaceae) as a result of fire recurrence. Non-pollen palynomorphs strongly suggested that vegetation was deliberately ignited by past human societies to facilitate grazing. No evidence of local agricultural practices was found. Episodes of accelerated shrubland expansion occurred c. 6000—5500 cal. BP, c. 4000—3500 cal. BP and c. 1700 cal. BP, the latter of which caused the definitive settlement of shrublands dominated by Ericaceae and Fabaceae which are nowadays widespread in NW Iberia.
A 622-year regional temperature history of southeast Tibet derived from tree rings
Authors: Bao Yang  , Xingcheng Kang  , Bräuning Achim , Jian Liu  , Chun Qin  , Jingjing Liu
Published: November 2009

A tree ring-width record spanning from AD 1377—1998 was developed from Tibetan juniper ( Cupressus gigantea) growing at sites north of the deep gorge of the Yarlung Tsangbo River of southeast Tibet. A linear regression model between ring width and mean January—June temperature accounts for 35% of January—June temperature variance for the period 1961—1998. Based on this model, we reconstructed January—June temperature variation history for the study region during the past 622 years. Warm conditions occurred during AD 1385—1418, 1443—1466, 1482—1501, 1523—1548, 1570s, 1705—1759, 1770—1790, 1851—1888, 1910s, and 1938—1965, and periods of relatively cold years are identified for AD 1419—1442, 1470s, 1502—1522, 1550—1569, 1610—1640, 1680—1700, 1760s, 1791—1850, 1900s and 1965—1995. Spatial correlation between tree rings and observed temperatures indicates that the reconstruction is representative of temperature change for southeast Tibet. Regional cold conditions during AD 1625, 1685, 1760, 1800—1850, 1890—1930 and 1965—1995, and warm conditions during 1710, 1730—1750, 1850—1890 and 1930—1960 can be identified in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Our reconstruction shows good agreement with modelled regional temperatures derived from an ECHO-G model simulation. Common cold periods around 1470, 1685 and 1845 corresponding to the Spörer Minimum, the Maunder Minimum and the Dalton Minimum periods of low solar activity and increased volcanic activity were identified, indicating that solar and volcanic activity played an important role in temperature change of this region. The discrepancy between modelled and reconstructed temperatures was noted around 1965, reflecting that temperature decrease in the late 20th century (1965—1995) is anomalous.
Dendroecological investigations at Venner Moor (northwest Germany) document climate-driven woodland dynamics and mire development in the period 2450—2050 BC
Authors: Eckstein Jan , Leuschner Hanns Hubert , Giesecke Thomas , Shumilovskikh Lyudmila , Bauerochse Andreas
Published: November 2009

Excellently preserved subfossil pine and oak tree remains from the bottom layer of raised bog peat were dendroecologically investigated at Venner Moor (northwest Germany). Tree-ring analyses were combined with observations of stem and root morphology, preservation state, mineral soil relief, peat stratigraphy and pollen analysis to reconstruct in great detail environmental changes leading to the start of the raised bog formation. Hydrology was identified as the main determinant influencing tree growth and population dynamics at Venner Moor, as documented by different growth patterns and dying-off dates in relation to the mineral soil elevation. The woodland phase has been dendrochronological dated to the period from 2421—2077 BC (4371—4027 cal BP). In this period, a general change from more or less open landscape with dominating heath to wet pine forest and eventually to open raised bog occurred at the site. Comparisons with pine population dynamics at the nearby Voerdener Moor and with the independent Lower Saxony Bog Oak Chronology (LSBOC) indicate that the reconstructed ecological changes at Venner Moor are mainly triggered by climate variations, in particular wet shifts on the decadal timescale. This example shows the value of subfossil pine layers from northwest German bogs as a high resolution proxy archive of Holocene humidity fluctuations.
Review: Low-molecular-weight heparin-induced osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures: A myth or an existing entity?
Authors: Lefkou E. , Khamashta M. , Hampson G. , Hunt BJ
Published: November 2009

Long-term use of unfractioned heparin data has been associated with a 2.2—5% incidence of heparin-induced osteoporotic fracture, but for low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) data is scarce and there is lack of clarity of the risks of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. In this paper we review the differential diagnosis of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, and we conduct a systematic review of all related cases from case reports and trials. Two new cases of possible LMWH-induced osteoporosis are also presented and the difficulties in making the diagnosis are highlighted. The authors conclude that, until large clinical trials are designed to investigate pre- and post-treatment bone density and to compare different dosages of LMWH effect on the bone density in different patient groups, no safe conclusions can be made.
Intercultural Communication in a Dynamic Environment
Authors: Bhawuk Dharm P.S.
Published: November 2009

Intercultural training modules and programmes need to be grounded in theory, and this article presents a theoretical framework that is grounded in economy-based differences between countries, an area that has been hitherto neglected. The framework captures 10 key economy-based differences that can help orient business people to the differences beyond cultural differences in work values. This framework can be readily adopted for education and training purposes by allowing participants to work in a group to develop an understanding of the 10 characteristics of economically developing and developed societies, and discussing ways to deal with various related communication barriers emerging from them. It is hoped that other such frameworks will be explored to enrich the training tool kit of intercultural trainers and academics beyond cultural theory-based frameworks.
Psychological Health of Earthquake Survivors in Pakistan
Authors: Suhail Kausar , Malik Farah , Mir Iftikhar Ahmad , Hasan Syeda Salma , Sarwar Abida , Tanveer Samra
Published: November 2009

This study investigated post-traumatic symptoms among survivors of the October 2005 earthquake in Pakistan. A total of 125 survivors who were admitted in different hospitals of Lahore city were interviewed using following measures: Detailed Assessment of Post-traumatic Stress (DAPS), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) and Other Dimensions of Trauma (ODOT). Both quantitative and qualitative analyses were carried out on the data. The respondents showed significantly higher scores on all subscales of the DAPS and GHQ. Women showed significantly greater symptoms of stress both at the DAPS and GHQ. Signifi cantly greater number of people were coping by crying and requesting God to forgive their sins. On the basis of current findings, both short and long-term counselling strategies were suggested for psychological rehabilitation of the victims.
The Relevance of National Identity Narratives in Shaping Foreign Policy
Authors: Commuri Gitika
Published: November 2009

This article explores the following question: are India’s relations with Pakistan more confrontational and less cooperative when the political elite constituting the government espouses religious–cultural identity narratives as opposed to one that articulates a secular conception of self? In order to understand whether and how national narratives play a role in shaping interstate politics, I analyse national identity discourses and events (1990–2003). My findings indicate that while the political elite articulating a religious–cultural identity undertook more assertive forms of coercive diplomacy in the period under consideration, it was not unrestrained, because at the same time, this very political elite also engaged in more cooperative actions vis-à-vis Pakistan, in contrast to parties articulating a secular self. These findings contribute to our understanding of Indo-Pak relations and to the discussion on the relevance of identity within constructivism in IR theory.
Lives in Motion
Authors: Gardner Katy
Published: November 2009

Through a series of ethnographic examples drawn from long term research in Bangladesh, this article examines the relationship between different forms of migration and movement and the life course, focusing in particular upon how the life course influences peoples’ pro-pensity to move rather than how movement affects peoples’ experiences of the life course. Understanding the latter as inherently gendered, contextually varied and constructed by history, culture and global economies as well as physiology, the cases detailed in the article illustrate how human migration must be understood both in terms of the vagaries of individual lives and biographies (and hence micro-levels of analysis) as well as broader structural factors. The article is thus a reminder that the study of migration must involve appreciation of the interconnection of both micro- and macro-levels of analysis.
Modeling and Comparison of Bimorph Power Harvesters with Piezoelectric Elements Connected in Parallel and Series
Authors: Yabin Liao  , Sodano Henry A.
Published: November 2009

Power harvesting devices are designed to convert the ambient energy surrounding a system to usable electric energy. The strong desire to create self-powered systems, which do not rely on traditional energy sources such as electrochemical batteries has led to the rapid growth of this field. One type of energy harvesting is the use of piezoelectric materials to directly transform ambient vibration to electrical energy. In the majority of applications the piezoelectric is configured as a bimorph bender, where the two patches of piezoceramic material can be electrically connected in either series or parallel. A reduced model will be used here to develop a set of closed form solutions to the power harvesting performance of the system based on the electrical connection of the piezoelectrics. It will be theoretically and experimentally shown that the maximum power output and efficiency is independent of the electrical connection. However, the voltage (and current) outputs between a series and parallel conditions are related by a factor of two with a symmetric system. Additionally, a critical impedance will be derived to serve as a criterion on selecting the appropriate electrical connection between the piezoelectrics to tune the systems performance based on the impedance of external circuitry. Key
A Minds-On Approach to Active Learning in General Music
Authors: Scott Sheila
Published: November 2009

Minds-on engagement in active learning is explored through the experiences of Margaret Sanders, a general music teacher. Minds-on learners think about their experiences. They are actively involved as questioners and problem solvers while they complete musical tasks and reflect on their work after it is completed. Minds-off learners focus on their actions but not on the thinking required to complete a given task. This idea is explored in relation to the use of classroom routines to direct instruction. Routines serve a valuable function in moving students through their school day, assisting their progress from class to class to their dismissal at the end of the day. However, teachers may assume that students are involved in minds-on learning when, due to instructional routines, students’ responses represent a minds-off engagement in their learning. Teachers of general music must constantly challenge students in unexpected ways to maintain their minds-on engagement in music.
Inflammation in Aging Part 1: Physiology and Immunological Mechanisms
Authors: Hunt Katherine J. , Walsh Bronagh M. , Voegeli David , Roberts Helen C.
Published: November 2009

During the aging process, remodeling of several body systems occurs, and these changes can have a startling effect upon the immune system. The reduction in sex steroids and growth hormones and declines in vitamin D concentration that accompany the aging process are associated with increases in the baseline levels of inflammatory proteins. At the same time, inflammation arising from atherosclerosis and other chronic diseases further contributes to the inflammatory milieu and effects a state of chronic inflammation. This chronic inflammation, or ‘‘inflammaging’’ as it has been termed, seems to be associated with a host of adverse effects contributing to many of the health problems that increase morbidity and decrease both quality of life and the ability to maintain independence in old age. For nurses to be truly informed when caring for older people and to ensure that they have a detailed understanding of the complexities of older people’s health needs, they must have a knowledge of the physiological and immunological changes with age. This is the first of a two-part article on inflammatory processes in aging. These age-related changes are presented here, including an examination of the impact of genetic and lifestyle factors. The effect of these changes on the health of the individual and implications for practice are described in Part 2.
Inflammation in Aging Part 2: Implications for the Health of Older People and Recommendations for Nursing Practice
Authors: Hunt Katherine J. , Walsh Bronagh M. , Voegeli David , Roberts Helen C.
Published: November 2009

Aging is accompanied by declining function and remodeling of body systems. In particular, changes to the immune and endocrine systems have far-reaching effects that cause an increase in cytokine release and decrease in anti-inflammatory feedback systems. The chronic inflammation that ensues has been named ‘‘inflammaging.’’ Inflammaging is associated with many detrimental effects that combine to increase morbidity and mortality. The sickness behavior that arises from inflammatory processes and the side effects of chronic diseases lead to a constellation of symptoms that decrease quality of life and affect the well-being of the individual. Part 2 of this two-part article provides an overview of the health effects of inflammaging, addressing the extent to which it contributes to the syndromes of frailty and disability with aging.
Leaders in need of followers: Emerging powers in global governance
Authors: Schirm Stefan A.
Published: November 2009

Emerging powers such as Brazil and Germany increasingly articulate their desire for leadership in global governance. Examples comprise the bids for permanent membership in the UN Security Council and the founding of the G20 at the WTO meeting in Cancùn. Emerging powers, however, often fail to achieve their goals. This article focuses on followership as a core condition for success and failure of emerging power leadership in global governance. I argue that in order to perform successfully, any leadership must be accepted by followers and that followership depends on the credible inclusion of the interests and/or ideas of potential followers into the leadership project. This argument is tested in case studies on Brazil’s and Germany’s bids for structural power in the UNSC, for directorship in international organizations and for policy positions in the WTO trade negotiations.
American ‘pain-ology’ in the war on terror: a critique of ‘scientific’ torture
Authors: Welch Michael
Published: November 2009

Questionable tactics in America’s war on terror continue to undergo scrutiny due to their threats to human rights, chief among them ‘enhanced’ interrogation and torture. Indeed, a growing chorus of criticism has been leveled at the political, legal, and ethical considerations of those policies and practices. Scholars, nonetheless, have neglected other important aspects of the controversy, for instance, the extent to which modern torture has been influenced by ‘scientific’ claims involving the effectiveness and appropriateness of certain procedures. Filling the void, this analysis explores the invention of modern torture as it draws on behavioral and psychological research in developing a new paradigm for pain. Delving into the assertions of ‘enhanced’ techniques, the critique focuses on a science studies perspective aimed at deciphering the allure of science in policing as well as in the war on terror. Such ‘scientification’, as discussed herein, reinforces the illusion that the state’s capacity to unveil the truth is infallible.
Civilization, economic change, and trends in interpersonal violence in western societies
Authors: Mares Dennis M.
Published: November 2009

This article moves forward on recent studies on historical trends in violence. Whereas many studies agree that levels of interpersonal violence have subsided since the late Middle Ages, some have found periods of strong increases within this general decline. Building on Norbert Elias’s civilizing thesis, this article proposes to incorporate a greater degree of attention to economic processes. Using illustrative evidence from Western Europe and the USA, this article demonstrates how within the overall decline of violence, cycles of increasing and decreasing violence can be tied to the development of both state formation and the growth of a world economic system.
Cyberbullying and its correlation to traditional bullying, gender and frequent and risky usage of internet-mediated communication tools
Authors: Erdur-Baker Özgür
Published: November 2009

This study examined the relationships between cyber and traditional bullying experiences regarding gender differences. Also, the contributions of frequent and risky usage of internet to cyberbullying experiences were examined. The participants were 276 adolescents (123 females, 151 males and 2 unknown) ranging in age from 14 to 18 years. The results revealed that 32 percent of the students were victims of both cyber and traditional bullying, while 26 percent of the students bullied others in both cyber and physical environments. Compared to female students, male students were more likely to be bullies and victims in both physical and cyber-environments.The multivariate statistical analysis indicated that cyber and traditional bullying were related for male students but not for female students. Moreover, the multiple regression analysis revealed that both frequent and risky usage of internet account for a significant variance of cyberbullying but their contributions differ based on genders.
Chinese culture and software copyright
Authors: Lu Jia
Published: November 2009

This article explores the impacts of Chinese culture on users’ attitudes and intentions about software copyright and piracy. The findings reject the pervasive position that Chinese culture resists software copyright and encourages piracy behaviors. Instead, the study reports that Chinese culture has no significant impact on users’ intentions to use pirated software programs. Meanwhile, collectivistic and individualistic cultural components are found to coexist in the Chinese value system. The users with higher scores in the collectivistic component have more negative attitudes towards software companies, while the users with higher scores in the individualistic component have less negative attitudes towards software products. The coexistence of individualistic and collectivistic components prevents software users from falling into either direction of supporting or opposing software copyright and calls for a balanced account between software owners and users.
The limits of networks as models for organizing the social
Authors: Mejias Ulises A.
Published: November 2009

Social network services exhibit dual processes that enable both the creation of new public spaces and the controlling and monitoring of these spaces through mechanisms facilitated by the architecture of the network itself. This article explores how network science informs the design of for-profit networking services by providing templates for organizing the social. As the case of social networking websites illustrates, networks have gone from scientific frameworks or even mere descriptive metaphors to actualized models that normalize a particular kind of privatized sociality. In an attempt to theorize forms of resistance to these templates of social organization, I suggest two concepts crucial to the articulation of a critical theory of networks: nodocentrism and paranodality. The goal of such a critique is not a complete rejection of networks as models for organizing sociality but rather a shift in our ways of knowing the world through the epistemological exclusivity of the node.
Social news, citizen journalism and democracy
Authors: Goode Luke
Published: November 2009

This article aims to contribute to a critical research agenda for investigating the democratic implications of citizen journalism and social news. The article calls for a broad conception of ‘citizen journalism’ which is (1) not an exclusively online phenomenon, (2) not confined to explicitly ‘alternative’ news sources, and (3) includes ‘metajournalism’ as well as the practices of journalism itself. A case is made for seeing democratic implications not simply in the horizontal or ‘peer-to-peer’ public sphere of citizen journalism networks, but also in the possibility of a more ‘reflexive’ culture of news consumption through citizen participation. The article calls for a research agenda that investigates new forms of gatekeeping and agenda-setting power within social news and citizen journalism networks and, drawing on the example of three sites, highlights the importance of both formal and informal status differentials and of the software ‘code’ structuring these new modes of news production.
New media and fat democracy: the paradox of online participation1
Authors: Davis Aeron
Published: November 2009

This piece speculates on the internet’s wider influences on the shape of institutional politics in representative ‘actually existing democracies’. Findings, based on 100 semi-structured interviews with political actors (politicians, journalists and officials) operating around the UK Parliament, suggest two contrasting trends. On the one hand, more political actors at the immediate edges of the UK institutional political process are being further engaged in a sort of centrifugal movement going outwards from the centre. At the same time, the space between this extended political centre and its public periphery is increasing. This fatter, democratic elitist shift in UK politics may be interpreted as ‘new’ and ICT-driven. It might equally be argued that new media is exacerbating pre-existing political party and media trends in mature democracies which fail to engage ordinary citizens.
Enacting a virtual ‘ekklesia’: online Christian fundamentalism as vernacular religion
Authors: Howard Robert Glenn
Published: November 2009

Based on the interactive features of websites, researchers have distinguished between ‘religion online’ and ‘online religion’.Approaching online religious expression as ‘vernacular religion’ can transcend the distinction by focussing on the lived experience of believers. In this study, qualitative interviews and close textual analysis are deployed to locate four traits that define the ‘vernacular ideology of Christian fundamentalism’. Tracing these traits in public discourse, they are seen to emerge as a set in the early 20th century. Collecting a sample of 40 sites, the traits are located in association with biblical prophecy. Based on qualitative interviews conducted with four individuals in the sample, linked websites connect individuals in a virtual ‘ekklesia’ based on their shared interest. Locating religion in lived experience instead of media artifacts, this research suggests that a limiting tendency found in this form of fundamentalism is the result of individual choices facilitated by network media.
The paradoxical consequences of the White House faith-based and community initiative for black churches
Authors: Kvasny Lynette , Lee Roderick
Published: November 2009

This article examines black churches located in economically challenged neighborhoods in a northeastern US city. Employing the concepts of the organizational divide and Heek’s design—actuality model, we conducted interviews with clergy at seven black churches to understand their level of information and communication technology (ICT) use and capacity to secure funding from the White House Office of Community and Faith-Based Initiatives (FBCI). Through the use of e-government services, the FBCI is expanding public—private partnerships with faith-based organizations to implement social programs that address community challenges. Our findings suggest that black churches are rich storehouses of local information and have a long history of providing social support and spiritual strength. This may make them logical beneficiaries of the FBCI. Paradoxically, the black churches that provide social programs to economically challenged citizens are often underresourced and lack the organizational capacity to secure FBCI resources.
Media Spectacle and the 2008 Presidential Election
Authors: Kellner Douglas
Published: November 2009

Presidential campaigns in the U.S., but also globally, have become major media spectacles, often decided by orchestrated spectacles. During the 2004 U.S. presidential election, media spectacle was a major determinant of the campaign with the so-called Swift Boat attacks on John Kerry’s war record and daily ads and Republican demonstrations dramatizing Kerry's alleged “flip-flopping.” In this article, I review the role of media spectacle in the Democratic Party primaries where it played a major role and in the general election contest between Barack Obama and John McCain. I argue that the Democratic primary race between Hillary Clinton and Barack Obama included a spectacle of race vs. gender and that Obama emerged as master of the spectacle during the primaries, a role he successfully carefully out in the Fall 2008 presidential election. My argument is that media spectacle is an important and often overlooked element of recent presidential elections and I offer concluding comments on “Deconstructing the spectacle” as an important component of political and media literacy.
What’s Left? On Turning Backs and Facing Facts
Authors: Bratich Jack
Published: November 2009

This essay, written a couple weeks after Barack Obama’s inauguration, examines the changing politics of faciality and the implications for dissent.
Toward a Politics of Hope: Performing Political Reality in the Age of Obama
Authors: Giardina Michael D.
Published: November 2009

This performance text situates itself within and against the 2008 Democratic National Convention, Republican National Convention, Election Day, and the January 20, 2009, Inauguration of Barack Obama as the 44th president of the United States. Melding popular fictions, media coverage, and the real (and at times fictionalized) voices of the Washington punditry and other contemporary figures, the text presents an alternative voice to the cultural pedagogies at play during the historic election season, underpinned as it was by the eight-year legacy of one of the worst presidencies in U.S. history—a presidency that witnessed a major terrorist attack on American soil, two wars of aggression, the drowning of a major city, and an economic meltdown of the likes not seen since the Great Depression.
W: A Legacy of Shame
Authors: Weems Mary E.
Published: November 2009

This autoethnographic text takes a critical look at the aftermath of the George W. Bush era from an African American female’s, lived experience perspective. It references three specific and unforgettable defining moments: No Child Left Behind, The War on Terror and Hurricane Katrina.
Obama’s Betrayal of Public Education? Arne Duncan and the Corporate Model of Schooling
Authors: Giroux Henry A. , Saltman Kenneth
Published: November 2009

This article criticizes Obama’s appointment of Arne Duncan as U.S. Secretary of Education suggesting that it represents a corporate and penal model of school reform. The authors contend that Duncan’s record as “CEO” of the Chicago Public Schools represents the implementation of educational policies and pedagogical approaches antithetical to the democratic values of public and critical education.
“An Ugly and Sickening Business,” or, the Bush “Legacy” and the Decimation of Iraq
Authors: Hartnett Stephen John
Published: November 2009

Interweaving five meditations on imperial power, this article appraises the consequences of the U.S. invasion of Iraq. By including excerpts of poetry from the U.S./Mexican War, the Vietnam War, Plato, the Iraq War, and ancient Buddhist texts, the article raises larger questions about the ethics of resistance, the dilemmas of complicity, and the possibility of hope.
Secret Muslims
Authors: Stonebanks Christopher D.
Published: November 2009

Using counter-narrative connected to three video clips regarding Obama’s supposed “secret Muslim” status, this article examines the accepted Islamophobia that had been a significant part of the 2008 US presidential elections.
Rehearsing Disaster’s Rehearsal: The Election and Its Aftermath in Obamerica
Authors: McLaren Peter
Published: November 2009

This essay criticizes the media coverage of the election campaigns of the 2008 U.S. Presidential election. It also comments on the limitations facing democracy in capitalist societies.
A Novel Approach to Treating Anxiety and Enhancing Executive Skills in an Older Adult With Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Mohlman Jan , Reel Dorian Hunter , Chazin Daniel , Ong Diana , Georgescu Bianca , Tiu Jade , Dobkin Roseanne D.
Published: November 2009

Scientific interest in the nonmotoric symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has increased dramatically, and psychiatric symptoms (e.g., cognitive impairment, anxiety, and mood disorders) are now considered prime targets for treatment optimization. Psychiatric complications in PD are quite common, affecting as many as 60% to 80% of patients. This study describes the case of a 74-year-old male with PD who presented with complaints of anxiety and trouble with memory and attention. A combined cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and cognitive enhancement intervention was delivered in ten 90-to-120 minute sessions.The patient showed a reduction in anxiety symptoms that was of sufficient magnitude to meet criteria for “responder” status. His cognitive skills were mostly unchanged, despite the rigorous rehabilitation practice. Implications for treatment and strategies for enhancing therapeutic benefits are discussed.
Concurrent Treatment of Substance Abuse, Child Neglect, Bipolar Disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, and Domestic Violence: A Case Examination Involving Family Behavior Therapy
Authors: Donohue Brad C. , Romero Valerie , Herdzik Karen , Lapota Holly , Abdel Al Ruwida , Allen Daniel N. , Azrin Nathan H. , Van Hasselt Vincent B.
Published: November 2009

High rates of co-occurrence between substance abuse and child neglect have been well-documented and especially difficult to treat. As a first step in developing a comprehensive evidence-based treatment for use in this population, the present case examination underscores Family Behavior Therapy (FBT) in the treatment of a mother who evidenced Substance Dependence, child neglect, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, Bipolar I Disorder, and domestic violence. Utilizing psychometrically validated self-report inventories and objective urinalysis, treatment was found to result in the cessation of substance use, lower risk of child maltreatment, improved parenting attitudes and practices, and reduced instances of violence in the home. The importance of utilizing validity scales in the assessment of referrals from child welfare settings is discussed, and future directions are reported in light of the results.
Advances in Cognitive Therapy for Schizophrenia: Empowerment and Recovery in the Absence of Insight
Authors: Perivoliotis Dimitri , Grant Paul M. , Beck Aaron T.
Published: November 2009

Lack of awareness of a mental disorder is a prevalent feature of schizophrenia and is associated with poor outcome. Cognitive therapy (CT) is a promising adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia but is believed to be less efficacious for patients with poor insight. This article describes a goal-oriented CT approach that was innovated to circumvent limited insight in a young woman with severe paranoid delusions and auditory hallucinations. The treatment facilitated recovery by targeting avoidance, inactivity, and social withdrawal, and by promoting detachment from psychotic experiences without directly challenging delusional beliefs. The case study demonstrates the involvement of family in CT and the use of behavioral exercises to modify dysfunctional beliefs and behaviors. Results are consistent with recently advanced cognitive conceptualizations of schizophrenia and suggest that when appropriately tailored and focused on functional goals, CT can promote recovery in the absence of insight.
Psychotherapy of Schizophrenia: A Brief History and the Potential to Promote Recovery
Authors: Lysaker Paul H. , Silverstein Steven M.
Published: November 2009

With growing awareness of the likelihood of recovery from schizophrenia, interest has arisen about the potential role of psychotherapy within emerging treatment regimens. Could psychotherapy uniquely promote recovery by addressing symptoms, the achievement of psychosocial milestones, and/or helping to enhance the extent to which persons diagnosed with schizophrenia experience themselves as meaningful agents in the world? As an introduction to a set of case studies of how psychotherapy can promote recovery this article briefly reviews the history of the psychotherapy of schizophrenia. In particular the appearance and course of psychoanalytically oriented treatments, as well as cognitively and interpersonally based treatments are detailed. Evidence supporting these approaches and remaining questions for research are discussed.
More Sustainable Masonry Façades: Preheating Ventilation Air Using a Dynamic Buffer Zone
Authors: Richman R.C. , Cianfrone C. , Pressnail K.D.
Published: November 2009

During sunny conditions, surface temperatures on masonry façades can rise to over 40°C above the ambient temperatures. Conventional wall designs minimize the benefits of this solar heat through the use of thermal insulation. However, air that is drawn from the outdoors, between the façade and sheathing, can be used to recover heat from the masonry. The system, which utilizes a dynamic buffer zone (DBZ), acts as a solar air collector. This system can provide an effective way to preheat ventilation air at little to no extra cost, while not compromising the architectural features of the masonry wall system. A numerical model was developed to predict the amount of heat recovery possible using a DBZ. The numerical model was verified by comparing results with a commercial computational fluid dynamics software package and by conducting laboratory experiments. Preliminary results indicate that the DBZ as a solar air collector can achieve as high as 33% daily solar efficiency and seasonal solar efficiencies of up to 27%. Since this system is low-cost, yet effective, it may offer designers an opportunity to build more sustainable masonry wall systems.
The Frenzy of the Visible in Comic Book Worlds
Authors: Ndalianis Angela
Published: November 2009

This article argues that the comic book form is anything but static. The panels that litter its pages are riddled with a dynamism and motion that presents its own unique articulation of time and space. Some of the narrative action represented within a comic book panel can ‘freeze’ time, but other panels — while remaining visually static as still images on a page — open up complex depictions of time and space that create modes of perception that are particular to comics. The comic represents the animated flux of time and space through stasis.
Movements within Movements: Following the Line in Animation and Comic Books
Authors: Atkinson Paul
Published: November 2009

Animation and comic books share a common field in that both are composed of images sequenced in time: one is driven mechanically and electronically in projection, and the other by the peripatetic and wilful actions of the reader. However, the single comic book panel has its own duration which is co- ordinated both by the exigencies of the narrative and the graphic properties of the two-dimensional pictorial plane. The gestural movement of the artist is implied in each line and it is this movement that presents itself as a ground for understanding movement in both comic books and two-dimensional drawn animation. It is movement that is retained in the animated figure, in the form of the outline, but also runs tangentially in the articulation of both reading movement and artistic gesture.
Derrida, Deleuze and a Duck: The Movement of the Circulating Differential in Comic Book Analysis
Authors: Pitkethly Clare
Published: November 2009

The search for the ‘secrets between the panels’ in the ‘strange and wonderful’ medium of the comic book certainly evokes the appeal of a narrative adventure — a quest to find a hidden treasure in an unknown realm — but when comic book analysis is consumed by the search to locate a hidden ‘x’ that ‘marks the spot’ of a concealed presence in the medium, does the logocentric form the academic treasure hunt prevent the journey from being anything other than a linear quest progressing towards a concealed presence? In this article, the author applies Deleuze’s extra-structural object = x to the structuring of sense in comic book analysis; she submits this third thing to the ‘irreducible difference’ of Derridean and Deleuzian thought and proposes an alternate reading of the medium, one which attempts to avoid closure through an aporetic reading of the formal structure.
Dryden Goodwin in Conversation with Barnaby Dicker
Authors: Goodwins Dryden , Dicker Barnaby
Published: November 2009

Dryden Goodwin’s frame-based films both challenge and reaffirm the principles and conventions of animation. A fundamental component of his wider artistic project, this form of filmmaking is intertwined with his other concerns, which include drawing, portraiture and notions of ‘series’. In this interview, Barnaby Dicker invites Goodwin to discuss, from a number of perspectives, his approach to frame-based cinematography and how it relates to his work in general. Dicker finds this a rich and important but neglected topic in animation studies; a problem the present interview aims to contribute to correcting. The interviewer is particularly interested in the links between Goodwin’s work and 19th-century chronophotography, which he proposes is more usefully applicable here as photochronography — Etienne-Jules Marey’s original term for the process. A further link is drawn between the ‘documentary’ aspects of Goodwin’s art and Jean-Louis Comolli’s theory of direct cinema. Although the two would seem to be poles apart, the interviewer finds a number of Comolli’s remarks exemplified through Goodwin’s approach. Other themes running through the interview include the role of film within gallery and installation contexts and the relationships between classical and contemporary art practices and technologies.
Congenital erythropoietic porphyria: a novel uroporphyrinogen III synthase branchpoint mutation reveals underlying wild-type alternatively spliced transcripts
Authors: Bishop David F. , Schneider-Yin Xiaoye , Clavero Sonia , Yoo Han-Wook , Minder Elisabeth I. , Desnick Robert J.
Published: November 2009

Splicing mutations account for approximately 10% of lesions causing genetic diseases, but few branchpoint sequence (BPS) lesions have been reported. In 3 families with autosomal recessive congenital erythropoietic porphyria (CEP) resulting from uroporphyrinogen III synthase (URO-synthase) deficiency, sequencing the promoter, all 10 exons and the intron/exon boundaries did not detect a mutation. Northern analyses of lymphoblast mRNAs from 2 patients and reverse-transcribed polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of lymphoblast mRNAs from all 3 patients revealed multiple longer transcripts involving intron 9 and low levels of wild-type message. Sequencing intron 9 RT-PCR products and genomic DNA in each case revealed homozygosity for a novel BPS mutation (c.661-31T→G) and alternatively spliced transcripts containing 81, 246, 358, and 523 nucleotides from intron 9. RT-PCR revealed aberrant transcripts in both wild-type and CEP lymphoblasts, whereas BPS mutation reduced the wild-type transcript and enzyme activity in CEP lymphoblasts to approximately 10% and 15% of normal, respectively. Although the +81-nucleotide alternative transcript was in-frame, it only contributed approximately 0.2% of the lymphoblast URO-synthase activity. Thus, the BPS mutation markedly reduced the wild-type transcript and enzyme activity, thereby causing the disease. This is the first BPS mutation in the last intron, presumably accounting for the observed 100% intron retention without exon skipping.
Interleukin-24 inhibits the plasma cell differentiation program in human germinal center B cells
Authors: Maarof Ghyath , Bouchet-Delbos Laurence , Gary-Gouy Hélène , Durand-Gasselin Ingrid , Krzysiek Roman , Dalloul Ali
Published: November 2009

Complex molecular mechanisms control B-cell fate to become a memory or a plasma cell. Interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a class II family cytokine of poorly understood immune function that regulates the cell cycle. We previously observed that IL-24 is strongly expressed in leukemic memory-type B cells. Here we show that IL-24 is also expressed in human follicular B cells; it is more abundant in CD27+ memory B cells and CD5-expressing B cells, whereas it is low to undetectable in centroblasts and plasma cells. Addition of IL-24 to B cells, cultured in conditions shown to promote plasma cell differentiation, strongly inhibited plasma cell generation and immunoglobulin G (IgG) production. By contrast, IL-24 siRNA increased terminal differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. IL-24 is optimally induced by BCR triggering and CD40 engagement; IL-24 increased CD40-induced B-cell proliferation and modulated the transcription of key factors involved in plasma cell differentiation. It also inhibited activation-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT-3), and inhibited the transcription of IL-10. Taken together, our results indicate that IL-24 is a novel cytokine involved in T-dependent antigen (Ag)–driven B-cell differentiation and suggest its physiologic role in favoring germinal center B-cell maturation in memory B cells at the expense of plasma cells.