bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Podobe o Branislavi Sušnik med Slovenci v Argentini: Migracija, življenje v Paragvaju in povezave z domovino
Authors: Repič Jaka
Published: January 2021

Članek predstavlja življenje in raziskovalno delo Branislave Sušnik, ki se je po drugi svetovni vojni najprej izselila v Argentino in nato v Paragvaj, kjer je delovala na raziskovalnih področjih jezikoslovja, antropologije in kulturne zgodovine staroselskih ljudstev. Osredotoča se na analizo njenih migracijskih izkušenj, povezav z domovino, predvsem pa na podobe, ki so se o njej kot izseljenski znanstvenici med Slovenci v Argentini izoblikovale v tisku.
Med ustvarjalnostjo in migracijami: Biografski portret umetnice in begunke Bare Remec
Authors: Toplak Kristina
Published: January 2021

Avtorica v članku analizira življenje Bare Remec – umetnice, učiteljice, begunke, planinke, filantropinje, ženske, in to od otroštva in mladosti v Ljubljani ter iz­obraževanja v Zagrebu do begunstva in konca življenja v Barilochah v Argentini. Biografski portret sloni na številnih virih, med katerimi je le malo intervjujev z umetnico in prvoosebnih zapisov njenih sodobnikov. Poleg metodoloških izzivov med pisa­njem biografskega portreta avtorica postavlja v ospredje umetničin življenjski potek, ki ga je pisala s pomočjo manj znanih podatkov o odvisnosti Bare Remec od migracije ter spolne in identitetne definiranosti njenega časa.
Marija Sreš, misijonarka, ki je postala indijska pisateljica: K novim smerem proučevanja misijonskih sester
Authors: Jelnikar Ana
Published: January 2021

Prispevek obravnava življenjsko zgodbo misijonarke in nagrajene pisateljice Marije Sreš ter odpira nove poglede na misijonske ženske migracije. Predstavlja spoj verske s posvetno poklicanostjo, ki opredeljuje migracijske poti in literarno ustvarjanje Marije Sreš v Indiji, pri čemer misijonarka-avtorica pogosto izstopa iz predpisanih spolnih vlog. Prispevek njeno zgodbo umešča v širši kontekst katoliške internacionale sedemdesetih let prejšnjega stoletja. Družbeni angažma Marije Sreš temelji na osebni veri v Kristusa, ki ji ponuja legitimacijo za žensko delovanje v misijonih in možnost večje samorealizacije (tudi s pisanjem).
Evropski mejni režim: Tihotapljenje ljudi in paradoks kriminalizacije solidarnosti
Authors: Zorn Jelka
Published: January 2021

Članek razpravlja o tihotapljenju ljudi v kontekstu evropskega mejnega režima. Oriše teptanje pravice do azila, razčleni demonizacijo tihotapcev in prikaže paradoks kriminalizacije solidarnosti. Kot tržna nelegalna storitev se tihotapljenje ljudi bistveno razlikuje od solidarnosti z ljudmi na poti. Protitihotapska zakonodaja pa ukinja razlike med tihotapljenjem in solidarnostnimi praksami, saj materialna korist ni nujen element kriminalizacije pomoči pri migraciji. Ugotavlja, da »nasilne meje« in državni pregon antagonizem tihotapstvo-solidarnost umeščajo na isti kontinuum in da so solidarnostne prakse upor proti nasilnim mejam, tihotapljenje pa njihov učinek.
Odnos prebivalstva ob slovenski državni meji do priseljencev: Študija občin Kostel in Osilnica
Authors: Zupančič Rok , Denis
Published: January 2021

Avtorja v članku preučujeta stališča prebivalcev občin Kostel in Osilnica ob slovensko-hrvaški meji do ljudi na poti. Na tem območju skušajo migranti množično prečkati mejo, zato je posrednih ali neposrednih stikov med lokalnim prebivalstvom in migranti več kot drugod po državi. Zanimalo ju je, ali so stališča tamkajšnjega prebivalstva v primerjavi s stališči celotnega prebivalstva Slovenije o vprašanjih, povezanih z migranti, drugačna, in ali so povezana z nekaterimi demografskimi dejavniki (s spolom, starostjo, z izobrazbo, veroizpovedjo). Pričujočo mikroštudijo, ki temelji na terenski anketi, leta 2020 izvedeni v Kostelu in Osilnici, postavljata tudi v kontekst raziskav Slovensko javno mnenje.
Reprezentacije islama in muslimanov v slovenskih osnovnošolskih učbenikih
Authors: Porić Ela , Črnič Aleš
Published: January 2021

Članek obravnava reprezentacije islama in muslimanov v slovenskih osnovnošolskih učbenikih. Kritično diskurzivno analizo usmerja na štiri tematske poudarke, okoli kate­rih se zgoščajo reprezentacije: varnost in nasilje, geografsko kulturno umestitev, vlogo žensk in odnose med spoloma ter prispevek muslimanov k razvoju zahodne civilizacije. Rezultati kažejo redke primere očitno problematičnih reprezentacij, celostna anali­za pa razkriva, da šele množica manjših pristranskosti in/ali pretiravanj ob odsotnosti nekaterih tematik in/ali vizualnih ilustracij tvori popačeno reprezentacijo, ki reproducira nekatere stereotipe in starodavni strah pred muslimani in islamom.
General considerations for sample size estimation in animal study
Authors: Ko Mun Jung , Lim Chi-Yeon
Published: January 2021

The aim of this paper is to introduce basic concepts and methods for calculating sample size in animal studies. At the planning stage of clinical studies, the determination of the sample size is a very important process to show the validity, accuracy, and reliability of the study. However, not all studies require a sample size to be calculated. Before conducting the study, it is essential to determine whether the study objectives suggest a pilot and exploratory study, as well as the purpose of testing the hypothesis of interest. Since most animal experiments are pilot and exploratory studies, it would be more appropriate to review other considerations for conducting an experiment while maintaining scientific and qualitative levels rather than sample size estimation. Sample size is calculated in various situations in animal studies. Therefore, it can be estimated according to the situations and objectives through the methods of precision analysis, power analysis, and so on. In some cases, nonparametric methods can be employed if the assumptions of normality is not met or a small sample is available for the study.
ĐIỀU CHẾ γ-Al2O3 BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP KHUẾCH TÁN DÒNG LIÊN TỤC
Authors: THỊ DIỄM BÙI
Published: January 2021

Nhôm hydroxid được điều chế bằng phương pháp khuếch tán acid và khuếch tán base. Nhôm hydroxid này được nung phân hủy trong môi trường hơi nước ở 550oC trong 4 giờ đã thu được dạng γ-Al2O3. Sản phẩm có kích thước hạt khoảng 50 nm, diện tích bề mặt riêng từ 233.3 đến 336.4 m2/g đối với phương pháp khuếch tán acid và từ 127.7 đến 263.7 m2/g đối với phương pháp khuếch tán base. Sử dụng γ-Al2O3 được sử dụng làm chất mang cho xúc tác Ni để xử lý khí thải NOx ở nhiệt độ 350oC. Kết quả cho thấy mẫu xúc tác Ni/γ-Al2O3 với chất mang γ-Al2O3 được điều chế bằng phương pháp khuếch tán acid và base đều cho kết quả chuyển hóa NOx tốt, cao nhất khoảng 67% (mẫu γ-Al2O3 điều chế bằng phương pháp khuếch tán acid).
DIELECTRIC PHENOMENA AT PHASE TRANSITION TEMPERATURE OF NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON FERROELECTRICS AND NANOCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE ACETOBACTER XYLINUM
Authors: HOAI THUONG NGUYEN , BICH DUNG MAI , THI LAN HUONG NGUYEN , VAN DAT DOAN
Published: January 2021

Dielectric phenomena at phase transition temperature for nanoparticles of triglycine sulfate (TGS) and Sodium Nitrite (NaNO2) embedded into the pores of bacterial nanocrystalline cellulose Acetobacter Xylinum have been investigated. It was shown that the phase transition temperature of these ferroelectrics at nanoscale level strongly changes as compared to those of the massif ferroelectrics: for hydrogen-containing triglycine sulfate nanoparticles the phase transition temperature was shifted to higher temperatures and for non-hydrogen-containing Sodium Nitrite nanoparticles – lower temperatures. The obtained results are explained by knowledge of size effects and the interaction between the matrix and ferroelectric inclusions through hydrogen-bond system as well as dipole-dipole interaction between TGS nanoparticles using a mathematical expansion based on Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire theory.
Başka Dilde Göç: Biutiful Filminde Göç ve Göçmenlik Halleri
Authors: GÜNDÜZ Fırat
Published: January 2021

Sinema, sosyolojik araştırmaya veri sunan bir alan olarak, son zamanlarda sosyal bilimsel çalışmalara bir çeşit laboratuvar olarak katkı sağlamaktadır. Bunun en temel sebebi, sinemanın toplumsal olayları/olguları yansıtma potansiyeline sahip olması ve bir nevi projektör misyonu üstlenmesinden ileri gelmektedir. Tam da bu sebeple, bu çalışmada Biutiful filmi göç, göçmenlik halleri ve göçmenlerin hayatta kalma stratejileri çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Avrupa’ya daha iyi yaşam şansı yakalamak için göçmüş birey ve grupların sorunlarını incelemektir. Biutiful filmine bakarken, bu yazı, iki ana yoldan ilerlemeyi tercih etmiştir. İlki, ana karakterin kişisel hikayesini göçmen-baba alegorisi üzerinden ele almak, ikincisi ise filme konu olan göçmenlerin (Çinli ve Afrikalı -özellikle Sahraaltı ülkeleri-) hareketinin kuramsal boyutlarını inceleyip hayatta kalma stratejileri ve göçmenlik hallerine bakmaktır. Göçmenlerin hayatta kalma stratejilerinde iki önemli kavram ön plana çıkmaktadır: İlki göçmenleri istihdamdaki rolünü imleyen terhane (sweetshop) kavramıyken ikincisi göçmenlerin sosyal dünyada “atık” ve “işe yaramaz” olduğu algısını ifşa eden (Bauman’a referansla) “ıskarta hayatlar” alegorisidir.
Kültürel Sermayenin Ortaya Çıkardığı Şiddeti Eğitim Alanı ve Mesleki Eğilimler Üzerinden Görünür Kılmak
Authors: TATAR Levent
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışma, hali hazırda Türkiye’deki meslek seçimi ve kariyer gelişim süreçlerine hakim ‘tözcü’ teorilerin süreci eksik ve hatalı bir şekilde kavradıklarına odaklanarak, ülkemizdeki mesleki danışmanlık sürecindeki eksiklikleri, Pierre Bourdieu tarafından ilişkisel bakış ekseninde geliştirilen “Kültürel Sermaye” ve “Simgesel Şiddet” kavramlarıyla, yeniden düşünmeyi amaç edinmiştir. Araştırma yöntemi olarak nitel ve nicel araştırma yöntemlerini kapsayan karma yöntem kullanılmıştır. Halen örgün lise eğitimlerine devam eden 296 öğrenciye anket uygulanmış ve 19 öğrenci ile de derinlemesine mülakatlar ve odak grup görüşmeleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen verile SPSS paket programı kullanılarak frekans, çaprazlama, korelasyon tablolarına dönüştürülerek analiz edilmiş, bulgular mülakatlar ve fenomeneolojik gözlemlerle elde edilen bilgilerle desteklenmiştir. Araştırmada, meslek seçim ve kariyer gelişim sürecinde etkili oldukları anlaşılan “Kültürel Sermaye” ve “Simgesel Şiddet” kavramları arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu saptanmıştır. Alanın ilişkisel analizi ekseninde mesleki hiyerarşinin öğrenciler tarafından kabul edildiği, okullar bazında fırsat eşitsizliği açısından anlamlı farklılıklar olduğu, mesleki tasnifin dolaşımda olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu çalışma son olarak; ülkemizdeki mesleki danışmanlık hizmetlerine tözcü bir bakışın hakim olduğu, meslek seçimi ve kariyer gelişim süreçlerinin ilişkisel bir bakışla yeniden kavranması gerektiği, “Kültürel Sermaye” ve “Simgesel Şiddet” kavramlarının meslek tercih sürecinin daha sağlıklı ilerlemesi açısından operasyonel kavramlar olduğu, fırsat eşitliği bağlamında eğitim sisteminin üzerine yeniden düşünülmesi gerektiği hususlarını ileri sürmektedir.
Sur un modèle de compétition et de coexistence dans le chémostat
Authors: Fekih Salem Radhouane , Sari Tewfik , Abdellatif Nahla
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we consider the mathematical model of two microbial species competition on a single resource in a chemostat. We take into account the interspecific interactions between the two populations of micro-organisms and intraspecific interactions between individuals themselves. The growth functions are monotonic and the dilution ratios are distinct. We determine the equilibrium points, and their local stability.

Dans ce travail, nous considérons le modèle mathématique de deux espèces microbiennes en compétition sur une seule ressource dans un chémostat, où on prend en considération les interactions interspécifiques entre les deux populations de micro-organismes et les interactions intraspécifiques entre les individus eux-mêmes. Les fonctions de croissance sont strictement monotones et les taux de dilution sont distincts. Nous déterminons les points d'équilibre, ainsi que leur stabilité locale.
An Unusual Cause of Hypoglycemia: Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome
Authors: AYDOĞAN ÜNSAL Yasemin , ÖZ GÜL Özen , CANDER Soner , ERSOY Canan , ÜNSAL Oktay , AYDEMİR Ensar , ERTÜRK Erdinç
Published: January 2021

Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a rare cause of hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia characterized by antibodies to endogenous insulin without exposure to exogenous insulin. In this report, we presented a case of insulin autoimmune syndrome with a history of fasting hypoglycemia. After work up and exlusion of other causes such as insulinoma, hyperinsulinemic hypogylcemic state of the patient was considered to have been induced by etofenamate. Although IAS is generally self limiting and dietary management and withdrawal of trigger drug are enough to maintain euglycemia, in some cases corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, rituximab can be used for treatment. In our case, despite dietary management, hypoglycemia was severe and the patient’s life quality was adversely effected. After treatment with prednisolone, hypoglycemic episodes became less and less frequent. IAS should be considered as a differential diagnosis of hyperinsulinemic hypogylcemic states to avoid unnecessary interventions.
Investigation of the Relationship Between Individuals' Knowledge Levels Regarding Coronavirus Disease and E-Health Literacy Levels
Authors: YILDIZ Metin , YILDIRIM Mehmet Salih , OKYAR Güray
Published: January 2021

Objectives: This research investigated the relationship between individuals' knowledge levels regarding coronavirus disease and e-health literacy levels. Methods: This study was designed as a descriptive and correlational type, was carried out between June and July 2020 by individuals living in the eastern provinces of Turkey. Results: According to the findings obtained from the study, it was found that the total mean score of individuals for Coronavirus disease was 13.59 ± 2.30. E-Health Literacy Level total score mean was found to be 26.12 ± 9.35. It was found that there was a positive statistically significant relationship between the level of knowledge regarding coronavirus disease and the total score means of e-health literacy (p
Assessment of The Performances of Hepatitis C Virus Viral Markers, Age-Platelet Index and Aspartate aminotransferase to Alanine Aminotransferase Ratio Scores, in Predicting Liver Histopathology
Authors: BAKIR Ayfer , GÜNEY Mustafa , ERDAL Harun , YAVUZ Özlem , GÜNAL Armağan , GÜLŞEN Mustafa , YAVUZ Mehmet Tevfik
Published: January 2021

Introduction This study aimed to reveal the utility of age-platelet (AP) index and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR), which are non-invasive markers, in patients with chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in prediction of fibrosis and evaluate whether viral markers could be used for that purpose or not. Methods A total of treatment-naïve 49 patients with chronic HCV who underwent liver biopsy were included in this retrospective study. Anti-HCV S/CO and HCV-RNA viral load (copy/ml) values measured simultaneously with biopsy were determined. AP index and AAR score were calculated and compared. Results Staging of liver biopsy samples of 49 HCV patients was assessed. Comparable diagnostic accuracies of AP index and AAR in prediction of significant fibrosis (F≥2) were showed with ROC curve analysis. The areas under the ROC (AUROCs) were 0.713 and 0.506 respectively. Diagnostic accuracy of API in prediction of significant fibrosis was superior to that of AAR (p=0.03). AUROC of HCV-RNA viral load in prediction of F≥2 was 0.531. Anti-HCV S/CO value (AUROC=0.464) was not found as a suitable marker in prediction of fibrosis. Conclusions AP index, AAR score and HCV viral load among non-invasive markers assessed in this study were useful in predicting significant fibrosis. Especially API was the most useful test in predicting significant fibrosis. AP index can be preferred in patients with near normal ALT values.
Preliminary results from a plantation of semi-arid hybrid of Paulownia Clone in vitro 112® under conditions of the Czech Republic from the first two years
Authors: Kadlec Jiří , Novosadová Kateřina , Pokorný Radek
Published: January 2021

A private owner established a plantation of a semi-arid hybrid of Paulownia Clone in vitro 112® near the village of Střelice u Brna in 2016. We split the plantation according to terrain micro-relief (into three expositions: South slope, Plain area and North slope) and according to the applied biotechnology of planting (into two parts: each with planting into 20 and 30 cm holes in diameter). We tested different winter protection techniques for above and belowground plant organs. The results suggest that plants inside the 30 cm holes survive and grow better than those inside the 20 cm ones, regardless of terrain micro-relief. On the other hand, plants inside the 20 cm holes survive and grow better on flat areas compared to the others. The most effective protection of the root system against frost during the wintertime seems to be simple soil covering. We have also recognized that bandage of non-woven fabric is the best protection for the above-ground parts of the plants. However, growing conditions in the Czech Republic (CR) are different to those in semi-arid climate for which researchers bred the Paulownia Clone in vitro 112®. It is possible to achieve well-growing and surviving Paulownia plants under growing conditions of the CR when appropriate biotechnology and continuous treatment are applied. Keywords: Paulownia Clone in vitro 112®, plantation, exposition, mortality, growth, protection against frost damage
Forest soil charcoal and historical land use
Authors: Tomson Pille , Kaart Tanel , Sepp Kalev
Published: January 2021

Charcoal deposits in forest soils have been considered mainly in the context of wildfires. However, slash-and-burn cultivation has been widespread in Northern Europe until the beginning of the 20th century and extensive areas of former swiddens are now covered by forests.

The study sites were in Karula National Park in Southern Estonia. 19th-century cadastral maps were used to identify the historical land use. Macroscopic (visible) charcoal was studied in 57 soil pits, located in historical slash-and-burn sites, forests, former arable fields, recent forest fire sites, and experimental slash-and-burn fields. The locations of charcoal in the soil profile were recorded. In four sites, the charcoal samples were dated.

Charcoal is widespread in boreal forest soils. A considerable proportion of this could originate from historical slash-and-burn cultivation. The charcoal depth was related to agricultural land use duration and methods at different intensities. The location of the charcoal-rich layer reflected the historical cultivation best, though patchy spatial distribution and the evident translocation of charcoal from different fire events complicates the interpretation of the charcoal pattern. Not all translocation mechanisms have yet been explained.
Covid-19: Procedimentos Minimamente Invasivos Em Odontopediatria
Authors: Gomes Laura Marcelly Teixeira , Veloso Alice Duarte Santos , Filho Antônio Cavalcanti Oliveira , França Ítalo Filipe , Ramos Maria Fernanda Souza , Oliveira Maria José Lages de , Dias Verônica Oliveira
Published: January 2021

Em meio à pandemia da doença Coronavírus (COVID-19), a prática odontopediátrica passa por novo cenário, considerando que crianças podem ser portadoras assintomáticas do vírus e o ambiente odontológico considerado um local de risco. Procedimentos odontológicos envolvem exposição à saliva e secreções nasofaríngea, produção de aerossóis e gotículas, fontes de transmissão. Além dos cuidados de biossegurança comuns nos consultórios e dos recomendados pela Organização Mundial da Saúde contra o Coronavírus, procedimentos odontológicos minimamente invasivos visando reduzir ou eliminar a produção dos aerossóis adquirem neste momento grande importância. Objetivo: Apresentar revisão bibliográfica narrativa sobre procedimentos minimamente invasivos utilizados na Odontopediatria diante da pandemia da COVID-19. Método: Foi realizada uma revisão da literatura utilizando à base de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, dos últimos 10 anos, empregando os descritores: Coronavírus; COVID-19; Crianças; Odontopediatria; Tratamento conservador. Resultados: Na literatura possui diversas opções de procedimentos minimamente invasivos que podem ser usados em Odontopediatria e que cumprem eficientemente sua função diante da pandemia pela COVID-19. Conclusões: Considerando que crianças podem ser assintomáticas para COVID-19, devem ser tratadas como potenciais portadoras do vírus. Os procedimentos odontológicos minimamente invasivos, visando reduzir ou eliminar a produção dos aerossóis, são considerados uma opção de grande relevância no atual cenário.
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of Pancreas, Presentation and Management of a Rare Case
Authors:   Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Sana Nasim , Noman Shahzad ,   Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Akbar Mistry ,   Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Qurratulain Chundriger ,   Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, Khwaja Muhammad Inam Pal ,   Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
Published: January 2021

Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare neoplasm that typically affects young females. It is a low-grade malignant tumor which is quite commonly misdiagnosed as pancreatic pseudo-cyst. We report a case of SPN in a young female who presented with epigastric pain. Computerized Tomographic (CT) scan of pancreas revealed well demarcated lesion in the head of pancreas. She underwent Whipple procedure. Histopathology confirmed the diagnosis. She did not need any further treatment.
A Case of Wasp-induced Pain Treated with Topical Phenytoin Cream
Authors:   Institute for Neuropathic Pain, Spoorlaan 2a, 3735 MV Bosch en Duin, The Netherlands, Jan M keppel Hesselink
Published: January 2021

Phenytoin cream has been evaluated in many patients suffering from peripheral neuropathic pain. Its onset of action has been documented to be within 30 minutes. Its mechanism of action is via the inhibition of sodium channels of the nociceptors in the skin, as well as the inhibition of a number of secondary targets in the skin, such as the keratinocytes and possibly immune-competent cells. Here we describe for the first time the successful treatment of lingering neuralgiformic pains after a wasp sting. Within 20 minutes after application of 10% phenytoin cream, the pain vanished completely. Phenytoin cream might therefore also be of use in the treatment of pain induced by stinging insects.
Prostate Calculi Causing Crepitus on Physical Exam
Authors:   University of Michigan, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Shadi Azar , Daniel Barkmeier ,   University of Michigan, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Published: January 2021

Crepitus on digital rectal examination is a rare physical exam finding, but can be clinically concerning in a patient with infective symptoms and may prompt extensive workup for severe infection with a gas-forming organism. Historical urologic literature suggests that this finding typically relates to large prostatic calculi, however. Here we present a case of significant prostatic stone burden in a symptomatic patient causing crepitus in the prostate on physical exam.
Splenic Embolization for Recalcitrant Post-TIPS Encephalopathy
Authors:   Radiology-Interventional, University of Colorado Hospital, USA, Premal Travedi , Michael Kriss ,   Radiology-Interventional, University of Colorado Hospital, USA, Scott Biggins ,   Radiology-Interventional, University of Colorado Hospital, USA, Thor Johnson ,   Radiology-Interventional, University of Colorado Hospital, USA
Published: January 2021

Encephalopathy in the setting of transjugular portosystemic shunts (TIPS) is a difficult clinical problem. Shunt reduction often improves encephalopathy but increases the risk of portal hypertension related complications. In this case we describe the use of partial splenic artery embolization in a 60-year-old female who presented with both TIPS dysfunction and refractory encephalopathy. Prior to treatment the patient had an elevated TIPS gradiant, visible varices by endoscopy, and encephalopathy that was severe and refractory enough to be considered for hospice. Following 60% splenic volume embolization, encephalopathy resolved, varices decompressed, and patient was able to be discharged home. This demonstrates that splenic embolization may be considered as a potential alternative to TIPS reduction in the setting of TIPS dysfunction and encephalopathy.
An Interesting Case Report of a Giant Bladder Calculi in China
Authors:   Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, Chen Hui ,   Department of Urology, Qingyan City People's Hospital, Guangdong, China, Huang Maping ,   Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, Huang Tianhai ,   Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, Yang Xiaoyi ,   Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, Ni JJ ,   Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, Li Qingqing ,   Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, Liu Qiuling ,   Department of Urology, Guangdong Provincial Work Injury Rehabilitation Hospital and Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, Jiang Chonghe ,   Department of Urology, Qingyan City People's Hospital, Guangdong, China, Xie Keji ,   Department of Urology, Guangzhou First Municipal People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
Published: January 2021

Objective: To report a giant bladder calculi in a 52-year-old man. Methods: The patient was diagnosed as bladder calculi since 1998. Due to the lack of sufficient medical and health conditions in the countryside, he only received the Chinese traditional treatment and did not seek any urologic treatments for more than 20 years. In April 2018, he was referred to our hospital with dysuria. Results: A big bladder calculi (8.0 cm × 10.0 cm × 6.0 cm in size) was revealed by ultrasound and intravenous pyelography and removed by open cystolithotomy. Conclusions: Our case demonstrates the necessity of early treatment for patients with bladder calculi.
Mammary Myofibroblastoma in a Male Patient
Authors:   Radiology Department, The University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA, Eslam Youssef ,   Diagnostic and Radiology Department, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, Xiaochen Liu ,   Radiology Department, The University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA, RaeLynne MacBeth ,   Diagnostic and Radiology Department, Cairo University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, Mazzin Elsamaloty ,   The University of Toledo College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, USA, Dalia Ibrahim ,   Pathology Department, The University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA, Haitham Elsamaloty ,   Radiology Department, The University of Toledo Medical Center, Toledo, OH, USA
Published: January 2021

A mammary myofibroblastoma is a rare benign lesion found within the breast tissue of both males and females. Although it is a benign mass, it may mimic breast carcinoma on mammography and sonographic imaging. This is a case report of a 68-year-old male with a history of prostate cancer presenting with a tender and palpable mass of the left breast in the 11 o’clock position. Ultrasound-guided core biopsy was performed and pathology confirmed the diagnosis of myofibroblastoma of the breast. Mammary myofibroblastoma should be considered in a patient presenting with a breast mass, particularly older men and postmenopausal women. A core biopsy should be obtained to rule out a more serious diagnosis.
Seminomas in the Elderly: A Rare Situation but a Challenging Problem
Authors:   Orlando Health UF Health Cancer Center, USA, Daniel Landau , Michael Landis ,   University of Central Florida Medical College, USA, Becca Trieu ,   University of Central Florida Medical College, USA
Published: January 2021

While typically a disease of younger men, seminomas do occasionally occur beyond the age of 70. There is less clarity on the treatment for men in this age range. Herein we describe a case of a man in his 80s with aggressive disease, review available literature, and highlight the challenges of treatment men in this age range.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Drug Discovery and Medicine
Authors:   Drug Safety Assessment, Novel Drug Discovery and Development, Lupin Limited (Research Park), Pune, India, Varun Ahuja
Published: January 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a branch of computer science that deals with the development of algorithms that seek to simulate human intelligence. The phrase “artificial intelligence” was likely coined during a conference at Dartmouth College in 1956. The earliest work of medical AI dates back to the early 1970s. Over years, AI has found implications in various fields. In this article, we summarize its applications in drug discovery and medicine.
Effectiveness of Financial Literacy Interventions Provided to Homeless; Will It Increase Self-sufficiency?
Authors:   North Carolina Central University, North Carolina, USA, Natasha Price , Shanika Lavi Wilson ,   North Carolina Central University, North Carolina, USA, Christopher Solomon ,   North Carolina Central University, North Carolina, USA
Published: January 2021

Financial literacy can empower clients who experience homelessness. Individuals who learn financial literacy are informed about their current financial crisis, current budget, past financial issues, and will provide budget tips, coping skills, and informative information becoming self-sufficient by becoming aware of financial status and financial needs.
Conjunctival polymerase chain reaction tests (RT-PCR) of COVID-19 patients in Shenyang, China
Authors:   Department of ophthalmology, Shenyang Fourth People’s Hospital, China, Xu Li
Published: January 2021

We report the laboratory results of conjunctival RT-PCR tests and some clinical features of these patients infected with COVID 19 in Shenyang, China
Knowledge, Attitude and Perceived Partner and Socio-cultural Support for Family Planning among Women of Reproductive Age in a Rural Community in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Azuogu BN , Akamike IC , Okedo-Alex IN , Adeke AS , Agu AP , Akpa CO , Obiechina NC , Akpa WR , Nwali DC , Anyigor CE
Published: January 2021

Background: Family planning has been adopted as one of the strategies for improving maternal and child health. Family planning is beneficial in reducing maternal and child mortality and therefore, a vital strategy to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. This study determined the knowledge, attitude, perceived partner and socio-cultural support for family planning among women of reproductive age in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 113 respondents attending antenatal clinic in a Primary health care facility in Nwezenyi village of Izzi Local Government Area. Data collection was in January 2019 over a 4-week period using interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and 95% confidence interval was used with a p-value of < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Chi square statistics was used to determine the relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and family planning knowledge. Predictors of family planning knowledge were determined with binary logistic regression using odds ratio as the measure of effect. Results: More than half of the respondents (65.5%) had good knowledge while almost all respondents (93.8%) had good attitude towards family planning. Few of the respondents reported that their doctrine/religion and culture supported family planning (23.9% and 23% respectively). Increasing age (AOR: 5.84, 95%CI: 1.85-18.46) and higher education (AOR: 16.69, 95%CI: 4.63-60.20) were predictors of family planning knowledge. Conclusion: There was good knowledge and positive attitude towards family planning among respondents, but cultural and doctrinal support of family planning were poor. Higher education and older age were predictors of family planning knowledge.
Immunisation-related Knowledge, Attitudes and Promotive Practices among Mothers in an Urban Primary Health Care Centre in South-East Nigeria: a Call for Improved Clinic-based Education
Authors: Okedo-Alex I , Akamike I , Adeke A , Uneke C
Published: January 2021

Background: Nigeria is among the five countries accounting for half of the world’s unimmunised children. Maternal knowledge and attitude play key roles in uptake and timeliness of routine childhood vaccination. This study assessed immunisation-related knowledge, attitudes and promotive practices among mothers in Abakaliki Ebonyi State Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among 117 mothers with children aged 0-23 months attending a Primary Health Care Centre in Abakaliki, Ebonyi State. Data were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire and analysed using SPSS version 20 with a p value of ≤ 0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: Over half (55.6%) of the respondents were aged 26-35years while 47% had secondary school education. Majority (91.5%) had previously vaccinated their children, but only 31.7% knew the dosing of polio vaccine. Less than half (42%) of the mothers had adequate knowledge about routes of vaccine administration. About half (49.7%) had adequate knowledge about the children’s next vaccination appointments. Most (94%) considered immunisation important in preventing childhood diseases with up to 95% of them willing to bring their children for immunisation. Only 57.3% were satisfied with the adequacy of immunisation-related information received from the clinic. Majority (81.2%) were timely in accessing immunisation for their babies. Educational status (P=0.035) and child’s age (P=0.008) were associated with knowledge and practice of immunisation respectively. Conclusion: Mothers in this study had good immunisation-related practices and positive attitude towards immunisation. Although majority had good knowledge, some knowledge gaps were identified. We recommend improved maternal education and content of clinic-based education on immunisation.
Assessment of Sexual Risk Behaviours among Young People Patronizing Alcoholic Beverage Selling Outlets in Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: Audu O , Ogbeyi GO , Omole VN , Joshua IA , Gobir AA , Anejo-Okopi JA
Published: January 2021

Background: Young people constitute 16% of the global population and in Benue State Nigeria, majority of them take alcohol which is one of the identified drivers of high risk sexual behaviours. However, intervention strategies at the pubs where alcoholic beverages are sold remain peripheral. This study assessed the sexual risk taking behaviours among young people who patronized alcoholic beverage selling outlets in Makurdi, the Benue State capital.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study using interviewer administered questionnaire was conducted among 273 young people sampled from 4 night clubs and 28 bars. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between alcohol use and risky sexual practices with statistical significance set at p =0.05Results: Seventy-four percent of the respondents had history of sexual intercourse with mean age of 18.2 (±3.0) years at sexual debut. Ninety eight (48.5%) had sexual intercourse within a week prior to the study, 73.8% took alcohol before the last sexual intercourse and the practice corroborates a cycle of sexual risk behaviour which include: heterosexual (100%), one-night stand (62.2%), sex without condoms (48.0%), oral sex (42.6%), sex in exchange for money (32.7%), anal sex (26.5%) and group sex (9.2%). Those who take alcohol are 8.5 times at higher risk of engaging in anal sex {(OR- 8.464) (95% CI = 2.919 – 24.53) (p= 0.0433)}.Conclusion: Policymakers working on risk taking behaviour intervention should consider night clubs and other drinking establishments in order to mitigate the effects of diseases transmitted through high risk sexual behavior among young people.
ظاهرة بروز غسيل الدماغ الإلكتروني مع ظهور التنظيمات الإرهابية
دراسة في توظيف تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية (داعش) للتقنيات الرقمية في تجنيد الشباب والمراهقين
Authors: الربيعي أكرم فرج , إبراهيم سعد معن
Published: January 2021

الملخص: تنطلق هذه الدراسة من محورين رئيسيين، الأول: تأصيل مصطلح غسيل الدماغ الإلكتروني بعد أن رافق الغموض المصطلح الاتصالي النفسي (غسيل الدماغ التقليدي)، والثاني: البحث في الأساليب الإلكترونية لغسيل الدماغ التي تتبعها التنظيمات الإرهابية وتحديدا تنظيم الدولة الإسلامية المعروفة إعلاميا بـ(داعش) في تجنيد الشباب والمراهقين، ومقارنة هذه الأساليب بمراحل وأساليب غسيل الدماغ التقليدي، فضلا عن كيفية توظيف التقنيات الرقمية في عملية غسيل الدماغ، ومدى تعرض الشباب الجامعي موضوع الدراسة للتقنيات الرقمية ورسائل التنظيمات الإرهابية التي تبثها على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي أو مواقع إلكترونية أخرى على الشبكة الدولية (الإنترنت)، وقد كشفت هذه الدراسة عن خمس علامات إذا ظهرت واحدة منها أو جميعها على أي شاب يستخدم التقنيات الرقمية بإدمان فأنها تدل على تعرضه لمحاولة غسيل دماغه وتجنيده إلكترونيا، وهذه العلامات على التوالي هي: (الانعزال، شرود الذهن، سرعة الغضب اثناء النقاش، تغير مفاجئ بالسلوك، التعنت في ابداء الرأي)، إذ ثبت إحصائيا وجود علاقة طردية موجبة بين التعرض للمواقع الإلكترونية الإعلامية الخاصة بالتنظيمات الإرهابية وظهور هذه العلامات على الشباب.
كلمات مفتاحية: غسيل الدماغ الإلكتروني، التنظيمات الإرهابية، داعش، التقنيات الرقمية.
The Relation between Pregnant Women's Self-Efficacy and Their Maternal-Fetal Attachment
Authors: Amasha Hadayat A. , Abdel-Haleem Shaymaa A. , El Maghawery Abeer M. , Elbahlowan Gehan A.
Published: January 2021

Context: Several prenatal and postnatal factors may influence Maternal-Fetal-Attachment (MFA). Few local types of research addressed the relation between MFA and maternal self-efficacy.

Aim: To assess the relation between pregnant women's self-efficacy and their MFA.

Methods: The study was carried out at the Specialized Maternity Hospital in Port-Said, Egypt, using a cross-sectional analytic study design on a sample of 240 pregnant women attending the setting for follow-up singleton normal pregnancy. The data were collected using a structured interview questionnaire with two standard scales, namely the Maternal Self-Efficacy Scale and Maternal-Fetal Attachment (MFA) Scale. The fieldwork lasted from December 2019 to April 2020.

Results: Women ages ranged between 17 and 42 years, and 50% were primigravida. The self-efficacy scores had a wide range (1.3-5.0), with a median of 2.90 from a maximum of 5.00. The median MFA score was 3.59 from a maximum of 5.00. A significant positive correlation was found between self-efficacy and MFA scores (r=0.197). In multivariate analysis, the duration of marriage and income were significant positive predictors of self-efficacy score, while age and previous abortions were significant negative predictors.  As an MFA score, the level of education, husband age, planned pregnancy, and self-efficacy score was its positive predictors.

Conclusion: Pregnant women’s self-efficacy has a positive influence on their prenatal MFA. Therefore, increasing pregnant women’s self-efficacy through training and support is highly recommended during antenatal care (ANC) visits.
Health Belief Model and Nursing Students' Perception about Benefits of Pre Conceptional Folic Acid Intake
Authors: Ramadan Elham A.
Published: January 2021

Context: Preconception folic acid intake is necessary for optimal embryogenesis. Using the health belief model is excellent to improve the young women's belief towards recommended healthy behaviors of taking folic acid.

Aim: The study aimed to examine the effect of the health belief model on nursing students' perception of the benefits of pre-conceptional folic acid intake.

Methods: A quasi-experimental design (pre-posttest) was used. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Nursing, Benha University on a purposive sample of (120) 4th-year female nursing students. Two tools of data collection were used. They are a self-administrated questionnaire and a Health Belief Model Scale.

Results:  There was a highly statistically significant difference concerning all items of nursing students' knowledge regarding pre conceptional folic acid intake pre and post-program (P ≤ 0.001). Furthermore, the mean total score of the health belief model subscales post-preventive program is significantly higher than a pre-preventive program (P ≤ 0.001). Meanwhile, the mean score of perceived barriers post-preventive program is significantly lower than a pre-preventive program (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusion: The health belief model improved nursing students' perception of pre-conceptional folic acid intake benefits. The study recommended applying the health belief model for all female university students as preventive behavior toward the benefits of pre-conceptional folic acid intake.
Beliefs and Attitudes towards Mental Illness: Comparative Study between Rural and Urban Male Adolescents in Beni-Suef Governorate
Authors: Abozeid Aziza M. , Ramadan Eman N.
Published: January 2021

Contents: Community mental health literacy is important in dealing with mental illness to improve related attitudes and correct false beliefs.

Aim:  To compare the beliefs and attitudes towards mental illness between rural and urban male adolescents in Beni­-Suef Governorate.

Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in governmental secondary schools for males in urban and rural areas in the Beni-Suef governorate. It included 360 adolescents from urban areas and 180 from rural areas selected from a random sample of ten schools in urban areas and five schools in rural areas. A self-administered questionnaire, including a scale for the Beliefs about Mental Illness and a scale for Attitude toward Mental Illness, was used for data collection. The fieldwork lasted from February to May 2019.

Results: The median age was 14.0 years in both groups, with more illiterate parents in the rural sample. Significantly adolescents from rural areas were aware of mental illness about two-thirds (66.1%) and had read about it (91.7%). Adolescents in both samples had low scores of stigma beliefs and negative attitudes towards mental illness.  The adolescents in the urban sample had significantly higher total beliefs (p=0.006) and a negative attitude (p=0.005). A higher percentage of urban adolescents had a high stigma belief (18.3%) and negative attitude (39.2%) compared to those in rural areas, 8.9%, and 29.4%, respectively. The multivariate analysis identified rural residence as an independent significant negative predictor of adolescent's stigmatization belief score. 

Conclusion: Adolescents from urban or rural areas in Beni-Suef Governorate differ in their beliefs and attitudes towards mental illness, with more stigmatization among those from urban settings. School-based educational interventions are recommended to improve adolescents’ attitudes towards mental illness, with studies evaluating their effectiveness.
The Relationship between Preoperative Educational Session and Anxiety Level among Women Undergoing Cesarean Section: A Scoping Review
Authors: AlSufyani Fatimah A. , Thabet Hala A. , Katooa Nouran E. S.
Published: January 2021

Context: Anxiety is felt in women undergoing elective cesarean section. In obstetric patients, literature has reported a higher level of preoperative anxiety than the general surgical population. One of the commonest surgical procedures in obstetrics is Caesarean section (CS). Preoperative anxiety has been described as being associated with several adverse physiological and psychological effects.

Aim: This review aimed to determine the relationship between preoperative educational sessions and anxiety levels among women undergoing cesarean section.

Methods: The search strategy of this study relies on some of the electronic bibliographic databases under the Medicine, Nursing, and Health Sciences departments. Various databases have been used to include different perspectives in the findings, CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE, Pub Med, and Embase databases used to collect primary articles for this study.

Results: The current review of the literature included seven quantitative studies that fulfill the inclusion criteria. The included studies revealed the intervention used as mental health training (one study), video is used in three studies, and health instruction in five studies. Two studies used both video and health instruction. In terms of the effect of preoperative sessions on anxiety level, four out of seven studies reported a decrease in the anxiety level. In comparison, the remaining three studies reported a non-significant educational intervention effect in decreasing the women’s anxiety.

Conclusion: Most of the reviewed studies indicated that preoperative education intervention could positively impact anxiety levels among women undergoing CS. This makes the reviewed theme open for further randomized control intervention studying.
Effect of Educational Program on Outcomes of Patients Undergoing Permanent Pacemakers’ Implantation
Authors: Khalil Hala H. S. , Soliman Manal S. S. , Ahmed Hoda A. H. , Hamza Enaam A. F.
Published: January 2021

Contents: Patients undergoing permanent implantable pacemaker, challenge with multiple physical, psychological along with social complications. Teaching patients the essential points involving pacemaker management can prevent complications.

Aim:  The current study aimed to evaluate the effect of an educational program on outcomes of patients undergoing permanent pacemakers' implantation.

Methods: A quasi-experimental pre/posttest and follow-up design were used to conduct this study. A convenient sample of 35 adult patients from both genders undergoing permanent pacemaker implantation was recruited from Beni-Suef University hospital's catheter lab, inpatient department, ICU, CCU, and outpatient cardiology clinic. Patients' interviewing questionnaire, patient performance checklist, pacemaker self-efficacy scale, and Aga Khan University Anxiety and Depression Scale were used to achieve this study's aim.

Results: 91.4% of the studied patients had unsatisfactory total knowledge at the baseline, improved to 85.7% had a satisfactory knowledge immediately post educational intervention, and relatively maintained to 68.6% of them had a satisfactory level of total knowledge after four weeks of program implementation. 97.1% of the studied patients had unsatisfactory total practice at the baseline, improved to 65.7% had a satisfactory practice immediately post educational intervention, and improved to 77.1% of them had a satisfactory level of total practice after four weeks of program implementation. 71.4%, 85.7% of the studied patients were not confident at all with their ability to control symptoms and maintain their usual functions respectively before education. 91.4% of them reported a total low self-efficacy score before the educational intervention. In comparison, 45.7% were very confident in controlling symptoms and moderately confident in maintaining usual functions at the follow-up phase. Besides, 65.7 exhibited total high self-efficacy at the follow-up assessment. 57.1% of the studied patients exhibit severe anxiety at the baseline assessment, while 65.7% and 74.3% exhibit mild anxiety at the post and follow-up assessment.

Conclusion: A statistically significant improvement in patients' knowledge, practice, self-efficacy, anxiety, and depression immediately and after four weeks compared to their baseline. The study recommended that the educational program be an essential part of the total management of patients undergoing implanted pacemakers.