bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of Helicobacter pylori with migraine headaches and the effects of this infection and its eradication on the migraine characteristics in adults: A comprehensive systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bawand Rashed , Ghiasian Masoud , Samadyan Mustapha , Qaderi Sorush
Published: August 2023

Background

Migraine is one of the most common neurological disorders that can severely overshadow people's quality of life, and Helicobacter pylori infection is a health problem in different societies. During the last two decades, many original studies have been conducted on the various aspects of the relationship between these two disorders; however, they have reported different and sometimes contradictory results.

Methods

This study was conducted based on the PRISMA protocol. We performed a comprehensive literature search in the online databases up to May 2023, and 22 studies that contained original data on the relationship between H. pylori infection and migraine headaches in adults were included. For performing the meta‐analysis, we calculated the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), using a random‐effects model, and to determine the possible causes of heterogeneity, we conducted a subgroup meta‐analysis.

Results

The overall OR for the association of H. pylori infection and migraine headaches through 493,794 evaluated individuals was 2.80 [95% CI = 1.75–4.48; I2 = 89.20, p < 0.01], which reveals a statistically significant association between these disorders. It was found that the studies that were conducted in Asian regions and the recently published ones have clearly shown a higher association between migraine and H. pylori infection. On the other hand, migraine patients who are infected with H. pylori have similar signs and symptoms as H. pylori‐negative migraineurs; meanwhile, the clinical trials conducted in this field strongly emphasize the benefits of eradicating H. pylori infection in migraine patients and have estimated its effectiveness in improving migraine headaches equivalent to current common migraine treatments. Furthermore, it was reported that white matter lesions were 2.5‐fold higher on brain MRI in patients with H. pylori‐positive migraine compared with H. pylori‐negative migraineurs; however, the evidence does not support the role of oxidative stress in patients suffering from H. pylori infection and migraine and refuses the role of Cag‐A‐positive strains of H. pylori in migraine headaches.

Conclusion

According to the currently available data, it seem reasonable that patients with a definite diagnosis of migraine who also suffer from gastrointestinal problems, undergo the H. pylori detection tests and if the evaluations are positive, H. pylori eradication treatment can be considered even before any migraine treatment.
HISTORY: A HANDMAID'S TALE
Authors: Vaidik Aparna
Published: August 2023

Historians are generally coy and diffident when it comes to engaging with the moral question despite it being a critical aspect of doing history. However, historians of empire cannot evade the moral question given the ethical dilemmas that imperialism posed for the men at its helm. To portray the colonists as hypocrites is too facile and cynical an explanation. So, what allowed the British colonists to manage the conscience that they indeed possessed? As Priya Satia boldly argues in Time's Monster: How History Makes History, the answer to this question resides in historicism, which became the new ethical idiom from the nineteenth century onward. It enabled the British colonists to assuage their conscience and made the empire an ethically thinkable reality. It helped whitewash colonial violence and generate public acceptance for colonization. The historians’ power lay in anointing history as providence and in using it to paper over the cracks in the British conscience. Being able to narrate was itself a manifestation of power. It was only after the Second World War that history renounced its pact with power and a reimagination of the historical idiom emerged. Various shades of South Asian and Caribbean anti‐colonial leaders and postcolonial writers began to think beyond the historicist category of the empire. These efforts to dismantle the empire's historical narratives were paralleled by the writings of British historian E. P. Thompson, although he remained tied to the idea of history as progress. The moral question, however, remains unsettled. It endures for present‐day historians because the teleserials, nostalgic period dramas, and “great men” histories continue to hold sway over the public mind, generate debates about the “benefits” of the empire, and feed Britain's anti‐immigrant sentiments. Satia's book lies at the intersection of three sets of historiographies—histories of British political thought, postcolonial writings that highlight alternate conceptions of the past and the significance of orality, memory, and community history, and, lastly, histories of violence—all of which engage the moral question in some form or another.
Between transnational engagements and local integration of Chinese communities in Italy: An analysis of the role of migrant organisations
Authors: Wang Zi , Turrisi Alessandra
Published: August 2023

Chinese communities represent one of the largest migrant groups in Italy. Current scholarship overwhelmingly focuses on Chinese ethnic businesses and identity issues. This article addresses an important but under‐researched topic: the role of migrant organisations in enhancing migrant transnationalism and/or local integration. We examine three predominant types of Chinese migrant organisations in Italy—civic, educational, religious—across multiple cities. We show that, at first sight, educational and religious organisations aim to serve the communities in maintaining transnational links with the Chinese‐speaking world, while civic organisations directly promote interactions with the local society. However, deeper analyses reveal that all three types of organisations can play an active role in fostering both migrant transnationalism and local integration, to different degrees in different domains. We discuss policy implications and how potential synergetic collaborations between host society stakeholders and migrant organisations could be explored.
Diagnosis and management of endothelial disorders following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: McEwan Ashley , Greenwood Matthew , Ward Christopher , Ritchie David , Szer Jeff , Gardiner Elizabeth , Colic Andriana , Sipavicius Julija , Panek‐Hudson Yvonne , Kerridge Ian
Published: August 2023

Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a mainstay of therapy for numerous malignant and nonmalignant diseases. Endothelial activation and dysfunction occur after stem cell transplantation, driven by various patient‐ and transplant‐specific factors. This can manifest as one of the relatively uncommon endothelial injury syndromes, such as sinusoidal obstruction syndrome, transplant‐associated thrombotic microangiopathy, idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, capillary leak syndrome, engraftment syndrome or posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. This review focuses on the pathogenesis, classification and diagnosis of these disorders, as well as provides guidance on risk mitigation and treatment.
Unions as insurance: Workplace unionization and workers' outcomes during COVID‐19
Authors: Braakmann Nils , Hirsch Boris
Published: August 2023

We investigate to what extent workplace unionization protects workers from external shocks by preventing involuntary job separations. Using the COVID‐19 pandemic as a plausibly exogenous shock hitting the whole economy, we compare workers who worked in unionized and non‐unionized workplaces directly before the pandemic in a difference‐in‐differences framework. We find that unionized workers were substantially more likely to remain working for their pre‐COVID employer and to be in employment. This greater employment stability was not traded off against lower working hours or labor income.
Paleoenvironmental models for Australia and the impact of aridification on blindsnake diversification
Authors: Tiatragul Sarin , Skeels Alexander , Keogh J. Scott
Published: August 2023

Aim

Shifts in diversification rates of Australian flora and fauna have been associated with aridification, but the relationship between diversification rates and aridity has never been quantified. We employed multiple approaches to reconstruct paleoenvironments of Australia for the first time. We used this information, and phylogenetic‐based analyses, to explore how changes in temperature and increasing aridity during the Neogene influenced the diversification of the Australian blindsnakes. We tested whether diversification rates differ between arid‐adapted and mesic‐adapted lineages.

Taxon

Typhlopidae, Anilios blindsnakes.

Location

Australia.

Materials and Methods

We estimated the historical biogeography of blindsnakes using BioGeoBEARS. We synthesised multiple approaches to reconstruct paleotemperature and paleoaridity of Australia during the Neogene. We fitted several birth‐death models and estimated diversification rates under paleoenvironmental conditions using RPANDA. We further compared diversification rates between arid‐adapted lineages versus mesic‐adapted lineages using ClaDS and GeoHiSSE.

Results

Ancestral area estimation indicated Australian blindsnakes have tropical grassland origins. We found that Australia‐specific regional paleotemperature and paleoaridity provided a better explanation for diversification rate variation than global paleotemperature. Specifically, our best‐fitting model indicated that speciation rates of blindsnakes decreased with increasing aridity. We found no difference in diversification rates between arid‐ and mesic‐adapted lineages.

Main Conclusions

Soon after dispersing to Australia, the common ancestors of Australian blindsnakes diversified rapidly in mesic habitats during the early Miocene. However, as the continent became increasingly arid, diversification rates decreased. We found that shifts in the environment led to the emergence of two major clades: one remaining in primarily mesic habitats and the other adapting to the expanding arid biome. Our results emphasise the importance of both arid and tropical biomes as sources and sinks of diversification.
Dry suction water seal system for management of pericardial fluid during epicardial ablation
Authors: Powell Benjamin , Coons Tricia , Lesiczka Magdalena , Markert Cate , Mehta Rohit , Misra Satish
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Epicardial ablation is an important approach in the management of patients with complex ventricular arrhythmias. Irrigated ablation catheters present a challenge in this potential space due to fluid accumulation that can cause hemodynamic compromise, requiring frequent manual fluid aspiration. In this series, we report our initial experience with the use of a dry suction water seal system for pericardial fluid management during epicardial ablation.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing epicardial ventricular tachycardia (VT) ablation at a single center were included. All patients underwent epicardial access via a subxiphoid approach with a single operator. A deflectable sheath was advanced into the pericardial space, and the side port was attached to a dry suction water seal system attached to wall suction at −20 mmHg. Procedural information including patient characteristics, outcomes, and adverse events. After a period of initial experience, pericardial fluid infusion and aspiration volumes were recorded.

Results

Eleven patients were included in this series. All patients underwent epicardial ablation with complete success achieved in 8 of the 11 patients and partial success in the remaining patients. Pericardial fluid intake ranging from 485 to 3050 mL with aspiration of 350–3050 mL using the dry suction water seal system. No adverse events occurred.

Conclusion

Dry suction water seal drainage systems can provide a safe strategy for efficient pericardial fluid management during epicardial VT ablation, potentially shortening procedure duration.
Higher power achieves greater local impedance drop, shorter ablation time, and more transmural lesion formation in comparison to lower power in local impedance guided radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Yamashita Shu , Mizukami Akira , Ono Maki , Hiroki Jiro , Miyakuni Shota , Ueshima Daisuke , Matsumura Akihiko , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Sasano Tetsuo
Published: August 2023

Background

Since the local impedance (LI) of the ablation catheter reflects tissue characteristics, the efficacy of higher power (HP) compared to lower power (LP) in LI‐guided ablation may differ from other index‐guided ablations.

Objective

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of HP ablation in LI‐guided ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted, enrolling patients undergoing de novo ablation for AF. Pulmonary vein isolation was performed using point‐by‐point ablation with a RHYTHMIA HDxTM Mapping System and an open‐irrigated ablation catheter with mini‐electrodes (IntellaNav MIFI OI). Ablation was stopped when the LI drop reached 30 ohms, three seconds after the LI plateaued, or when ablation time reached 30 s. To balance the baseline differences, a unique method was used in which the power was changed between HP (45 W to anterior wall/40 W to posterior wall) and LP (35 W/30 W) alternately for each adjacent point.

Results

A total of 551 ablations in 10 patients were analyzed (HP, n = 276; LP, n = 275). The maximum LI drop was significantly larger (HP: 28.3 ± 5.4 vs. LP: 24.8 ± 6.3 ohm), and the time to minimum LI was significantly shorter (HP: 15.0 ± 6.3 vs. LP: 19.3 ± 6.6 s) in the HP setting. The unipolar electrogram analysis of three patients revealed that the electrogram indicating transmural lesion formation was observed more frequently in the HP setting.

Conclusion

In LI‐guided ablation, the HP could achieve a larger LI drop and shorter time to minimum LI, which may result in more transmural lesion formation compared to a LP setting.
Editorial: Generative artificial intelligence and the ecology of human development
Authors: Schuengel Carlo , van Heerden Alastair
Published: August 2023

Commercial applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in the form of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Generative AI have taken centre stage in the media sphere, business, public policy, and education. The ramifications for the field of child psychology and psychiatry are being debated and veer between LLMs as potential models for development and applications of generative AI becoming environmental factors for human development. This Editorial briefly discusses developmental research on generative AI and the potential impact of generative AI on the hybrid social world in which young people grow up. We end by considering that the rapid developments justify increasing attention in our field.
Evaluation of combined treatment with Er:YAG laser and long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser for the treatment of recalcitrant warts: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Jiryis B. , Avitan‐Hersh E. , Mirmovich O. , Judith Nevet M. , Khamaysi Z.
Published: August 2023

Background

Viral warts are common infectious skin disease induced by human papillomavirus (HPV). Lasers have been used for warts treatment in recent years with variable success rates.

Objective

This study aimed to prospectively evaluate combined treatment with Er:YAG laser and long‐pulsed Nd:YAG laser compared to Er:YAG laser for the treatment of recalcitrant warts after one session.

Materials and Methods

This study included 240 lesions from 24 patients. All the lesions were diagnosed clinically as recalcitrant warts after failure of topical treatment and cryotherapy. About 120 lesions underwent a combined therapy of Er:YAG and long‐pulsed (LP) Nd:YAG lasers, and the remaining 120 lesions underwent Er:YAG laser therapy only. The clearance rate was evaluated 5 weeks after and classified by three‐graded evaluation: complete response, partial response and poor response.

Results

The clearance rate in the combined Er:YAG + LP Nd:YAG lasers group was, statistically significant, higher than that of the Er:YAG laser group (p = 0.008). The complete response rate was 48% (58 of 120 warts) for the Er:YAG +LP Nd:YAG lasers group and only 29% (35 of 120 warts) for the Er:YAG laser group.

Conclusion

The combination of Er:YAG and long‐pulsed Nd:YAG lasers is more effective than Er:YAG laser alone in treating recalcitrant warts after single session.
Digital health interventions in dermatology—Mapping technology and study parameters of systematically identified publications
Authors: Reinders Patrick , Augustin Matthias , Kirsten Natalia , Fleyder Anastasia , Otten Marina
Published: August 2023

Digital health interventions (DHI) potentially improve the efficiency and effectiveness of dermatological care. Currently, an overview clustering and characterizing the evidence on DHIs is missing. This systematic mapping of the literature aims to analyse published research on DHIs in dermatology to identify trends and gaps in research. For this purpose, a systematic search of the MEDLINE database was conducted in August 2022 to identify original publications on DHIs in dermatology. Data on country, targeted audience, DHI category, indication, outcome parameter and study design were extracted. Out of 12,009 records identified in MEDLINE, 403 studies were included in the final analysis. Studies on DHIs mainly performed in western countries, headed by the United States (n = 133), Germany (n = 32) and Spain (n = 23). Of all identified DHIs, 261 targeted healthcare providers (HCP), 66 clients (e.g. patients, caregivers, healthy individuals) and 67 both clients and HCPs. A majority of DHIs focussed on establishing a diagnosis (n = 254). Every other study analysed store‐and‐forward teledermatology (n = 187), followed by artificial intelligence applications for image analysis (n = 65). The most often analysed DHI category for clients was a support of health behaviour change (n = 31). Monitoring of clients was targeted by 77 studies. Skin cancer (n = 148), wounds (n = 29) and psoriasis (n = 29) were the most targeted indications by DHIs. Most studies analysed diagnostic performance (n = 166), fewer studies analysed acceptance (n = 92) and effectiveness (n = 98). Usability (n = 32) and efficiency (n = 36) were investigated only to a small extent. Studies on DHIs in dermatology have focused on teledermatology and AI applications, with an emphasis on skin cancer diagnosis. Apart from that, a range of DHIs for different user groups, purposes and indications were identified, demonstrating the broad potential for DHIs in dermatology. Further research with a wider set of outcome parameters is needed to fully understand the potential of DHIs and ensure their sustainable implementation into dermatological care.
Value of gingival crevicular fluid TREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and IL‐1β levels during menopause
Authors: Yakar Nil , Emingil Gülnur , Türedi Asena , Şahin Çağdaş , Köse Timur , Bostanci Nagihan , Silbereisen Angelika
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association of GCF TREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and IL‐1β levels with periodontal health in pre‐ and postmenopausal women.

Background

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 (TREM‐1), activated through its ligand peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 (PGLYRP1), stimulates proinflammatory cytokine production, such as interleukin (IL)‐1β, during periodontal inflammation. Postmenopausal changes may modulate these immune‐inflammatory functions. No clinical study has yet investigated the effect of menopause on TREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and IL‐1β levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF).

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included 148 women (age range = 35–65 years), divided into postmenopausal women (PMW) (n = 76, mean age = 54 ± 5 years) and regularly menstruating premenopausal women (RMPW) (n = 72, mean age = 40 ± 4 years). Clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. TREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and IL‐1β levels were quantified with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. Pearson's Chi‐squared test and Mann–Whitney‐U test were used to compare categorical and numerical variables, respectively. Spearman's Rho correlation analysis was used to test the linear relationship between variables. Analyte level data were categorized based on the periodontal diagnosis and menopause status (2 × 2 nonparametric factorial ANOVA).

Results

No significant differences in TREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and IL‐1β levels between PMW and RMPW were observed (p > .05). Mean values of periodontal indexes including probing depth did not differ significantly between PMW and RMPW groups (p = .474). TREM‐1 levels were significantly higher in both PMW and RMPW with periodontitis, compared to gingivitis or health (p = .0021).

Conclusion

Menopause‐related changes have no observable effect on GCF levels of TREM‐1, PGLYRP1, and IL‐1β. Higher GCF TREM‐1 levels in women with periodontitis regardless of their menopausal status indicate that TREM‐1 may be an indicator for periodontitis both in premenopausal and postmenopausal women.
Linked selection and recombination rate generate both shared and lineage‐specific genomic islands of divergence in two independent Quercus species pairs
Authors: Shi Yong , Zhou Biao‐Feng , Liang Yi‐Ye , Wang Baosheng
Published: August 2023

A fundamental question in speciation genomics is how evolutionary processes shape the genomic landscape of differentiation between species. Regions of elevated differentiation, referred to as genomic islands, could be shared among closely related species (shared islands) or specific to a lineage (lineage‐specific islands). Shared islands are typically assumed to result from background selection. However, simulations and empirical studies have suggested that positive selection contributes to both shared and lineage‐specific islands. Here, we utilized comparative population genomics to examine the contributions of different evolutionary processes to patterns of genetic differentiation when gene flow and incomplete lineage sorting are minimal. We used whole‐genome resequencing data for 135 individuals from four oak species, including two independent species pairs, Quercus variabilis Blume and Quercus acutissima Carruth. in the subgenus Cerris, and Quercus dentata Thunb. and Quercus griffithii Hook.f. & Thomson ex Miq. in the subgenus Quercus. We found that both shared and subgenus‐specific islands were caused by positive selection, including selective sweeps in current populations and in their most recent common ancestors. Moreover, the recombination rate was a better predictor of genomic differentiation than gene density. Overall, our results reveal that recombination and positive selection impacted genomic differentiation considerably and provide a more precise grasp of how genomic islands formed in Quercus.
Range‐wide evolutionary relationships and historical demography of brown bears (Ursus arctos) revealed by whole‐genome sequencing of isolated central Asian populations
Authors: Tumendemberel Odbayar , Hendricks Sarah A. , Hohenlohe Paul A. , Sullivan Jack , Zedrosser Andreas , Sæbø Mona , Proctor Michael F. , Koprowski John L. , Waits Lisette P.
Published: August 2023

Phylogeographic studies uncover hidden pathways of divergence and inform conservation. Brown bears (Ursus arctos) have one of the broadest distributions of all land mammals, ranging from Eurasia to North America, and are an important model for evolutionary studies. Although several whole genomes were available for individuals from North America, Europe and Asia, limited whole‐genome data were available from Central Asia, including the highly imperilled brown bears in the Gobi Desert. To fill this knowledge gap, we sequenced whole genomes from nine Asian brown bears from the Gobi Desert of Mongolia, Northern Mongolia and the Himalayas of Pakistan. We combined these data with published brown bear sequences from Europe, Asia and North America, as well as other bear species. Our goals were to determine the evolutionary relationships among brown bear populations worldwide, their genetic diversity and their historical demography. Our analyses revealed five major lineages of brown bears based on a filtered set of 684,081 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found distinct evolutionary lineages of brown bears in the Gobi, Himalayas, northern Mongolia, Europe and North America. The lowest level of genetic diversity and the highest level of inbreeding were found in Pakistan, the Gobi Desert and Central Italy. Furthermore, the effective population size (Ne) for all brown bears decreased over the last 70,000 years. Our results confirm the genetic distinctiveness and ancient lineage of brown bear subspecies in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia and the Himalayas of Pakistan and highlight their importance for conservation.
Hydrogen: Fueling EU‐Morocco Energy Cooperation?
Authors: Plank Friedrich , Daum Britta , Muntschick Johannes , Knodt Michèle , Hasse Christian , Ott Ingrid , Niemann Arne
Published: August 2023

The war in Ukraine and the looming threat of climate change are driving the strategic need to diversify sources of energy, including renewables. Therefore, the European Union aims to develop energy relations with non‐EU member states, and Morocco has become a key priority. Both Brussels and Rabat are pursuing ambitious green policies and cooperation initiatives, including on hydrogen. Drawing on theories of international institutions and political economy, this article analyzes hydrogen‐related relationship patterns and explains demand and supply factors as drivers of institutionalized energy cooperation. We examine the EU's hydrogen approach and development, its relations with Morocco, and the political interests of both sides. Our analysis shows that the complex interdependencies in the evolving EU‐Morocco hydrogen relations indicate that demand can be met by supply. However, challenges remain, including the need to deepen the partnership and prepare the market for commercial hydrogen production.
Acoustic recordings, biological observations, and genetic identification of a rare(?) beaked whale in the North Pacific: Mesoplodon carlhubbsi
Authors: Ballance Lisa T. , Pitman Robert L. , Barlow Jay , Pusser Todd , DeAngelis Annamaria I. , Hayslip Craig , Irvine Ladd , Steel Debbie , Baker C. Scott , Gillies Daniel , Baumann‐Pickering Simone , Trickey Jennifer S. , Gisborne Brian
Published: August 2023

Although Hubbs' beaked whale (Mesoplodon carlhubbsi) was previously known from over 60 strandings on both sides of the North Pacific, it had been identified alive in the wild only once, off Oregon in 1994. In September 2021, we conducted a search effort for beaked whales off the coast of Oregon using a towed hydrophone array and a visual search team. Approximately 350 km off the Columbia River mouth, we detected the vocalizations of an unidentified mesoplodont whale; we stopped our vessel and waited in the area until two unidentified juvenile Mesoplodon surfaced and stayed near our vessel for almost 2 hr. During that time, we took numerous photographs and videos, made behavioral observations, and recorded their vocalizations. The DNA sequence from a biopsy sample identified them as M. carlhubbsi. In this paper, we discuss our biological observations, including color patterning and acquired markings, behavioral observations, and describe for the first time the acoustic characteristics of this species. We confirm that M. carlhubbsi is the source of a previously unidentified acoustic signal known as BW37V, and we update what is known about the at‐sea distribution of this species based on previous recordings and observational records.
Contraception‐related knowledge, attitude, belief contexts among US women experiencing homelessness: A scoping review
Authors: Galvin Annalynn M. , Garg Ashvita , Akpan Idara N. , Spence Emily E. , Thompson Erika L.
Published: August 2023

Contraception provision may help reduce undesired pregnancies, but women experiencing homelessness may have low health literacy, specific attitudes, and certain beliefs that influence contraception uptake. This scoping review identifies what is known about pregnancy prevention and contraception knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs among US women experiencing homelessness. This review examined English articles that measured the context of knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to contraceptive use for avoiding pregnancy among US women experiencing homelessness. Using PRISMA‐ScR guidelines, articles published before May 2022 were located via PubMed, EBSCOhost, and Embase. The initial search identified 1204 articles, and 10 met the inclusion criteria. There were five quantitative, four qualitative, and one mixed‐methods study, published between 2000 and 2022, with samples of 15–764 women ranging from ages 15–51. Contraception knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to pregnancy prevention suggested several knowledge gaps (e.g., contraception efficacy), contraception preferences and past experiences, interpersonal relationship influences, and vulnerability to clinic and shelter‐specific barriers. These findings may ultimately inform contraception interventions in partnership with the community of US women who experience homelessness and the health care and social service organizations who serve them.
Drought affects both photosystems in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hu Chen , Elias Eduard , Nawrocki Wojciech J. , Croce Roberta
Published: August 2023

Drought is a major abiotic stress that impairs plant growth and development. Despite this, a comprehensive understanding of drought effects on the photosynthetic apparatus is lacking. In this work, we studied the consequences of 14‐d drought treatment on Arabidopsis thaliana.

We used biochemical and spectroscopic methods to examine photosynthetic membrane composition and functionality.

Drought led to the disassembly of PSII supercomplexes and the degradation of PSII core. The light‐harvesting complexes (LHCII) instead remain in the membrane but cannot act as an antenna for active PSII, thus representing a potential source of photodamage. This effect can also be observed during nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) induction when even short pulses of saturating light can lead to photoinhibition. At a later stage, under severe drought stress, the PSI antenna size is also reduced and the PSI‐LHCI supercomplexes disassemble. Surprisingly, although we did not observe changes in the PSI core protein content, the functionality of PSI is severely affected, suggesting the accumulation of nonfunctional PSI complexes.

We conclude that drought affects both photosystems, although at a different stage, and that the operative quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) is very sensitive to drought and can thus be used as a parameter for early detection of drought stress.
The evil companion of OSCC: Candida albicans
Authors: Yang Zhixin , Zhang Shiyu , Ji Ning , Li Jing , Chen Qianming
Published: August 2023

Objective

Microbial dysbiosis and microbiome‐induced inflammation may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most prevalent opportunistic pathogenic fungus in the oral cavity, and Candida infection is considered as one of its high‐risk factors. Although oral microbiota–host interactions are closely associated with the development of OSCC, the interrelationship between fungi and OSCC is poorly understood compared to that between bacteria and viruses.

Results

We accumulated knowledge of the evidence, pathogenic factors, and possible multiple mechanisms by which C. albicans promotes malignant transformation of OSCC, focusing on the induction of epithelial damage, production of carcinogens, and regulation of the tumor microenvironment. In addition, we highlight the latest treatment strategies for Candida infection.

Conclusion

This review provides a new perspective on the interrelationship between C. albicans and OSCC and contributes to the establishment of a systematic and reliable clinical treatment system for OSCC patients with C. albicans infection.
Aridity and soil fertility, not species richness, interact to affect temporal stability of primary productivity along a natural gradient in northern China
Authors: Huang Mengjiao , de Vries Job , Zhou Shurong , Hautier Yann
Published: August 2023

There is mounting evidence from experimental studies that drought and nutrient enrichment can interact to impact the biodiversity and productivity of terrestrial ecosystems. Whether such interactive effect influences plant diversity and the temporal stability of community productivity of natural ecosystems is unknown. To fill this knowledge gap, we combined a field survey of plant diversity and soil conditions with remote sensing temporal estimates of primary productivity in grasslands along a natural gradient in northern China. We found that aridity and soil ammonium (NH4+‐N) interacted to influence temporal stability of NDVI. That is, the relationship between ammonium and temporal stability of NDVI shifted from positive to negative due to increased standard deviation of NDVI with increasing aridity. Species richness was not related to temporal stability because it influenced the mean and standard deviation of NDVI proportionally. As a result, soil fertility outweighed the contribution of species richness to temporal stability. Our study demonstrates the synergistic effect of aridity and soil fertility, but not species richness, on temporal stability along a large natural gradient. Predicting how environmental drivers affect diversity and the stable provisioning of ecosystem services in real‐world ecosystems therefore requires a better understanding of the complex interactions among environmental drivers.
Utilizing Filipino key informants to guide community outreach for cancer prevention in Hawai‘i
Authors: Willingham Mark L. , Sy Angela , Taafaki Munirih , Bodnar Reyna , Diaz Tressa P. , Somera Lilnabeth P. , Porte Christina Lucy , Ceria‐Ulep Clementina D. , Pingul Annilet , Bissell Jeny , Cassel Kevin D.
Published: August 2023

Objective/design

The University of Hawai‘i Cancer Center works with academic and community partners to examine health disparities and inequities that persist among Pacific Island Populations through the Pacific Island Partnership for Cancer Health Equity (PIPCHE). The Partnership's Community Outreach Core (COC) assists and promotes cancer research and helps to ensure the integration of historically excluded community perspectives by utilizing community‐engaged and culturally‐grounded approaches to reduce cancer burdens. However, cancer health disparities among Filipinos demonstrate a need for cancer‐control initiatives within this community.

Sample/measurements

COC staff conducted five semi‐structured key informant interviews with Filipino nurse and healthcare leaders in Hawai‘i to establishpartnerships with the community, as well as provide community‐driven guidance for future cancer prevention and control efforts.

Results

The informants provided recommendations for COC community engagement, relationship building, and future areas of directed cancer focus. The interviews also initiated relationship‐building and community collaborations for directed cancer education and resources within Filipino communities.

Conclusion

The themes uncovered from the interviews provided guidance on how to begin addressing cancer concerns, and led to the informants’ subsequent membership in our Outreach Advisory Council to engage in future collaboration with the Filipino community and a framework for future community‐engaged cancer prevention efforts.
Warming exacerbates the impacts of ultraviolet radiation in temperate diatoms but alleviates the effect on polar species
Authors: Cao Lixin , Bi Dongquan , Fan Wei , Xu Juntian , Beardall John , Gao Kunshan , Wu Yaping
Published: August 2023

Under global change scenarios, the sea surface temperature is increasing steadily along with other changes to oceanic environments. Consequently, marine diatoms are influenced by multiple ocean global change drivers. We hypothesized that temperature rise mediates the responses of polar and temperate diatoms to UV radiation (UVR) to different extents, and exposed the temperate centric diatoms, Thalassiosira weissflogii and Skeletonema costatum, and a polar pennate diatom Entomoneis sp., to warming (+5°C) for 10 days, then performed short‐term incubations under different radiation treatments with or without UVR. The effective quantum yields of the three diatoms were stable during exposure to PAR, but decreased when exposed to PAR + UVR, leading to significant UV‐induced inhibition, which was 3% and 9%, respectively, for T. weissflogii and S. costatum under ambient temperature but increased to 12% and 17%, respectively, in the cells acclimated to the warming treatment. In contrast, UVR induced much higher inhibition, by about 45%, in the polar diatom Entomoneis sp. at ambient temperature, and the warming treatment alleviated the UV‐induced inhibition, which dropped to 36%. The growth rates were significantly inhibited by UVR in S. costatum under the warming treatment and in Entomoneis sp. under ambient temperature, while there was no significant effect for T. weissflogii. Our results indicate that the polar diatom was more sensitive to UVR though warming could alleviate its impact, whereas the temperate diatoms were less sensitive to UVR but warming exacerbated its impacts, implying that diatoms living in different regions may exhibit differential responses to global changes.
Constant small‐cell changes and variable LEF1 expression in DUSP22‐rearranged primary cutaneous anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma: Analysis of the repeated biopsies of three patients
Authors: Osakada Akio , Fujimoto Masakazu , Ueshima Chiyuki , Kaku Yo , Nishikori Momoko , Inoue Norihito , Takeuchi Kengo , Haga Hironori
Published: August 2023

DUSP22‐rearranged primary cutaneous anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma (pcALCL) has a biphasic histological pattern defined by large dermal atypical lymphocytes and epidermotropic small lymphocytes resembling pagetoid reticulosis, but the positivity rate of the biphasic pattern in DUSP22‐rearranged pcALCL is unknown. Immunohistochemically, LEF1 expression in >75% of tumor cells is associated with DUSP22‐rearrangement (DUSP22‐R) in systemic ALCL. However, whether this association applies to pcALCL remains unclear. To analyze these pathological clues for screening DUSP22‐R, we reviewed 11 skin biopsies from three patients with DUSP22‐rearranged pcALCL. All specimens showed a biphasic pattern, of which three showed nonpagetoid infiltration of the epidermis. In all lesions, small‐cell changes of tumor cells were observed not only within the epidermis but also under the epidermis. LEF1 positivity rates varied by lesion (range: 30%–90%, mean: 59.6%) with only three patients expressing LEF1 in more than 75% of tumor cells. In conclusion, the biphasic pattern was a constant finding in DUSP22‐rearranged pcALCL, but it was not always pagetoid reticulosis‐like. The recognition of small‐cell change outside the epidermis may be helpful in diagnosing DUSP22‐rearranged pcALCL. However, LEF1 expression was variable and its diagnostic usefulness may be limited.
Simultaneous or staged lateral ridge augmentation: A clinical guideline on the decision‐making process
Authors: Yu Shan‐Huey , Saleh Muhammad H. A. , Wang Hom‐Lay
Published: August 2023

Lateral ridge augmentation is a standard surgical procedure that can be performed prior to (staged) or simultaneously with implant placement. The decision between a simultaneous or staged approach involves considering multiple variables. This paper proposed a decision‐making process that serves as a guideline for choosing the best treatment choice based on the available evidence and the author's clinical experience.
Suicidal thoughts and behaviors in youth seeking mental health treatment in Texas: Youth Depression and Suicide Network research registry
Authors: Kennard Beth D. , Hughes Jennifer L. , Minhajuddin Abu , Slater Holli , Blader Joseph C. , Mayes Taryn L. , Kirk Claire , Wakefield Sarah M. , Trivedi Madhukar H.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Suicidality in youth is a serious public health problem. The Texas Youth Depression and Suicide Research Network (TX‐YDSRN) was initiated in 2020 to create a research registry for youth with depression and/or suicidality in Texas. This report presents baseline clinical/demographic characteristics of the first 1000 participants, focusing on suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

Methods

The registry includes 8–20‐year‐old youth receiving treatment for depression, or who screen positive for depression and/or suicidal ideation/behavior. Baseline data include diagnosis, depression/anxiety severity, suicidal ideation/behavior, trauma history, and measures of resilience.

Results

We present baseline data on the first 1000 participants. Most (79.6%) of the sample had a primary depressive disorder. The sample had moderate to severe depression (Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents, PHQ‐A; 12.9 ± 6.4) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder, GAD‐7; 11.3 ± 5.9). Nearly half reported ≥1 lifetime suicide attempts and 90% reported lifetime or current suicidal ideation. Participants with past/current suicidality (attempts and/or ideation) had greater illness severity (depression, anxiety, and suicidal thoughts/behaviors), lower resilience, and higher rates of trauma exposure than those without suicidality.

Conclusions

Baseline data indicate moderate levels of depression, anxiety, and suicidality and their correlates in this cohort. Future reports will determine trajectories of outcomes and predictors, moderators, and social determinants related to these outcomes.
S/kinship: The relational ontology of tattoos in contemporary Australian discourse and practice
Authors: Ostojic Susannah , Taylor John
Published: August 2023

In examining affective motivations and meanings associated with kin‐based tattooing, this article proposes a practice of ‘s/kinship’: the tangible inscription of relational personhood on the body. While research on the practice of Western tattooing has long been drawn into discourses of deviance and individual identity, little attention has been paid to the tattooing of social relations. Drawing on surveys and interview data, this article highlights the significance of kinship and other forms of relationality in tattooing, bringing attention to how these are manifested through the skin as expressions of social proximity, permanence, and porosity. In doing so an analytic approach to s/kinship is developed to foreground the practice of tattooing as an expression of relational personhood, one that highlights the permeability of personhood as a salient ontological feature in the social life of tattoos and the tattooed.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐B*51:384 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Blandin Lucie , Cargou Marine , Wojciechowski Elodie , Rouzaire Paul , Lemal Richard
Published: August 2023

HLA‐B*51:384 differs from HLA‐B*51:01:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 267 in exon 4.
Exceptional diversity of KIR and HLA class I in Egypt
Authors: Montero‐Martin Gonzalo , Kichula Katherine M. , Misra Maneesh K. , de Brito Vargas Luciana , Marin Wesley M. , Hollenbach Jill A. , Fernández‐Viña Marcelo A. , Elfishawi Sally , Norman Paul J.
Published: August 2023

Genetically determined variation of killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIR) and their HLA class I ligands affects multiple aspects of human health. Their extreme diversity is generated through complex interplay of natural selection for pathogen resistance and reproductive health, combined with demographic structure and dispersal. Despite significant importance to multiple health conditions of differential effect across populations, the nature and extent of immunogenetic diversity is under‐studied for many geographic regions. Here, we describe the first high‐resolution analysis of KIR and HLA class I combinatorial diversity in Northern Africa. Analysis of 125 healthy unrelated individuals from Cairo in Egypt yielded 186 KIR alleles arranged in 146 distinct centromeric and 79 distinct telomeric haplotypes. The most frequent haplotypes observed were KIR‐A, encoding two inhibitory receptors specific for HLA‐C, two that are specific for HLA‐A and ‐B, and no activating receptors. Together with 141 alleles of HLA class I, 75 of which encode a KIR ligand, we identified a mean of six distinct interacting pairs of inhibitory KIR and HLA allotypes per individual. We additionally characterize 16 KIR alleles newly identified in the study population. Our findings place Egyptians as one of the most highly diverse populations worldwide, with important implications for transplant matching and studies of immune‐mediated diseases.
Circadian regulation of metabolism across photosynthetic organisms
Authors: de Barros Dantas Luíza Lane , Eldridge Bethany M. , Dorling Jack , Dekeya Richard , Lynch Deirdre A. , Dodd Antony N.
Published: August 2023

Circadian regulation produces a biological measure of time within cells. The daily cycle in the availability of light for photosynthesis causes dramatic changes in biochemical processes in photosynthetic organisms, with the circadian clock having crucial roles in adaptation to these fluctuating conditions. Correct alignment between the circadian clock and environmental day–night cycles maximizes plant productivity through its regulation of metabolism. Therefore, the processes that integrate circadian regulation with metabolism are key to understanding how the circadian clock contributes to plant productivity. This forms an important part of exploiting knowledge of circadian regulation to enhance sustainable crop production. Here, we examine the roles of circadian regulation in metabolic processes in source and sink organ structures of Arabidopsis. We also evaluate possible roles for circadian regulation in root exudation processes that deposit carbon into the soil, and the nature of the rhythmic interactions between plants and their associated microbial communities. Finally, we examine shared and differing aspects of the circadian regulation of metabolism between Arabidopsis and other model photosynthetic organisms, and between circadian control of metabolism in photosynthetic and non‐photosynthetic organisms. This synthesis identifies a variety of future research topics, including a focus on metabolic processes that underlie biotic interactions within ecosystems.
Arabidopsis cell suspension culture and RNA sequencing reveal regulatory networks underlying plant‐programmed cell death
Authors: Burke Rory , McCabe Aideen , Sonawane Neetu Ramesh , Rathod Meet Hasmukh , Whelan Conor V. , McCabe Paul F. , Kacprzyk Joanna
Published: August 2023

Programmed cell death (PCD) facilitates selective, genetically controlled elimination of redundant, damaged, or infected cells. In plants, PCD is often an essential component of normal development and can mediate responses to abiotic and biotic stress stimuli. However, studying the transcriptional regulation of PCD is hindered by difficulties in sampling small groups of dying cells that are often buried within the bulk of living plant tissue. We addressed this challenge by using RNA sequencing and Arabidopsis thaliana suspension cells, a model system that allows precise monitoring of PCD rates. The use of three PCD‐inducing treatments (salicylic acid, heat, and critical dilution), in combination with three cell death modulators (3‐methyladenine, lanthanum chloride, and conditioned medium), enabled isolation of candidate core‐ and stimuli‐specific PCD genes, inference of underlying regulatory networks and identification of putative transcriptional regulators of PCD in plants. This analysis underscored a disturbance of the cell cycle and mitochondrial retrograde signaling, and repression of pro‐survival stress responses, as key elements of the PCD‐associated transcriptional signature. Further, phenotyping of Arabidopsis T‐DNA insertion mutants in selected candidate genes validated the potential of generated resources to identify novel genes involved in plant PCD pathways and/or stress tolerance.