bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of dynamic, static, and delayed total-body PET imaging in the detection and differential diagnosis of oncological lesions
Authors: Wu Yaping , Fu Fangfang , Meng Nan , Wang Zhenguo , Li Xiaochen , Bai Yan , Zhou Yun , Liang Dong , Zheng Hairong , Yang Yongfeng , Wang Meiyun , Sun Tao
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Commercialized total-body PET scanners can provide high-quality images due to its ultra-high sensitivity. We compared the dynamic, regular static, and delayed 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) scans to detect lesions in oncologic patients on a total-body PET/CT scanner.

Materials & methods

In all, 45 patients were scanned continuously for the first 60 min, followed by a delayed acquisition. FDG metabolic rate was calculated from dynamic data using full compartmental modeling, whereas regular static and delayed SUV images were obtained approximately 60- and 145-min post-injection, respectively. The retention index was computed from static and delayed measures for all lesions. Pearson’s correlation and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to compare parameters.

Results

The number of lesions was largely identical between the three protocols, except MRFDG and delayed images on total-body PET only detected 4 and 2 more lesions, respectively (85 total). FDG metabolic rate (MRFDG) image-derived contrast-to-noise ratio and target-to-background ratio were significantly higher than those from static standardized uptake value (SUV) images (P < 0.01), but this is not the case for the delayed images (P > 0.05). Dynamic protocol did not significantly differentiate between benign and malignant lesions just like regular SUV, delayed SUV, and retention index.

Conclusion

The potential quantitative advantages of dynamic imaging may not improve lesion detection and differential diagnosis significantly on a total-body PET/CT scanner. The same conclusion applied to delayed imaging. This suggested the added benefits of complex imaging protocols must be weighed against the complex implementation in the future.

Clinical relevance

Total-body PET/CT was known to significantly improve the PET image quality due to its ultra-high sensitivity. However, whether the dynamic and delay imaging on total-body scanner could show additional clinical benefits is largely unknown. Head-to-head comparison between two protocols is relevant to oncological management.
Reducing pediatric total-body PET/CT imaging scan time with multimodal artificial intelligence technology
Authors: Zhang Qiyang , Hu Yingying , Zhou Chao , Zhao Yumo , Zhang Na , Zhou Yun , Yang Yongfeng , Zheng Hairong , Fan Wei , Liang Dong , Hu Zhanli
Published: January 2024

Objectives

This study aims to decrease the scan time and enhance image quality in pediatric total-body PET imaging by utilizing multimodal artificial intelligence techniques.

Methods

A total of 270 pediatric patients who underwent total-body PET/CT scans with a uEXPLORER at the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively enrolled.18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) was administered at a dose of 3.7 MBq/kg with an acquisition time of 600 s. Short-term scan PET images (acquired within 6, 15, 30, 60 and 150 s) were obtained by truncating the list-mode data. A three-dimensional (3D) neural network was developed with a residual network as the basic structure, fusing low-dose CT images as prior information, which were fed to the network at different scales. The short-term PET images and low-dose CT images were processed by the multimodal 3D network to generate full-length, high-dose PET images. The nonlocal means method and the same 3D network without the fused CT information were used as reference methods. The performance of the network model was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analyses.

Results

Multimodal artificial intelligence techniques can significantly improve PET image quality. When fused with prior CT information, the anatomical information of the images was enhanced, and 60 s of scan data produced images of quality comparable to that of the full-time data.

Conclusion

Multimodal artificial intelligence techniques can effectively improve the quality of pediatric total-body PET/CT images acquired using ultrashort scan times. This has the potential to decrease the use of sedation, enhance guardian confidence, and reduce the probability of motion artifacts.
A case with a trend of QT interval prolongation due to the introduction of methadone to a pancreatic cancer patient on levofloxacin
Authors: Ouchi Ryusuke , Nagao Munenori , Suzuki Shinju , Yamagata Toshihiro , Chiba Mie , Kurata Naoko , Usui Kensuke , Watanabe Takashi , Koyama Kaori , Okada Kouji
Published: January 2024

Background

As methadone can prevent the development of opioid resistance, it has application in alleviating cancer-related pain that proves challenging to manage with other opioids. QT interval prolongation is a serious side effect of methadone treatment, with some reported deaths. In particular, owing to the increased risk of QT interval prolongation, caution should be exercised when using it in combination with drugs that also prolong the QT interval.

Case presentation

This study presents a case in which methadone was introduced to a patient (a man in his 60s) already using levofloxacin, which could prolong the QT interval—a serious side effect of methadone treatment—and whose QTc value tended to increase. Given that levofloxacin can increase the risk of QT interval prolongation, we considered switching to other antibacterial agents before introducing methadone. However, because the neurosurgeon judged that controlling a brain abscess was a priority, low-dose methadone was introduced with continuing levofloxacin. Owing to the risks, we performed frequent electrocardiograms. Consequently, we responded before the QTc increased enough to meet the diagnostic criteria for QT interval prolongation. Consequently, we prevented the occurrence of drug-induced long QT syndrome.

Conclusions

When considering the use of methadone for intractable cancer pain, it is important to eliminate possible risk factors for QT interval prolongation. However, as it may be difficult to discontinue concomitant drugs owing to comorbidities, there could be cases in which the risk of QT interval prolongation could increase, even with the introduction of low-dose methadone. In such cases, frequent monitoring, even with simple measurements such as those used in this case, is likely to prevent progression to more serious conditions.
Involving parents of children treated for cancer in Sweden as public contributors to inform the design and conduct of an evaluation of internet-administered self-help for parents of children treated for cancer: a protocol
Authors: Woodford Joanne , Reuther Christina , Ljungberg Johan Lars , von Essen Louise
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Public contribution in research can facilitate the design and conduct of meaningful research, resulting in feasible and sustainable solutions to healthcare challenges. However, the evidence concerning the acceptability, feasibility, and impact of public contribution in research is limited. We will embed a mixed-method examination of public contribution activities into the CHANGE trial. The overall aim of the CHANGE trial is to evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of an internet-administered, guided, low-intensity cognitive behavioral therapy-based self-help intervention (EJDeR) plus treatment as usual (TAU) versus TAU for symptoms of depression and/or Generalized Anxiety Disorder in a superiority randomized controlled trial with an internal pilot phase. In this protocol we describe how we aim to: (1) involve parents of children treated for cancer in the managing and undertaking, analysis and interpretation, and dissemination phases of the CHANGE trial; and (2) examine the acceptability, feasibility, and perceived impact of Parent Advisory Board contribution to the trial from the perspective of board members and public contribution coordinators.

Methods

We will recruit around six parents of children treated for cancer to the Parent Advisory Board. Board members will contribute throughout the trial during online workshops and steering group meetings. An impact log will be used during workshops to record activities and examine the perceived impact of activities according to board members and public contribution coordinators, including anticipated and unanticipated changes to the research process and potential benefits and harms. Activities will be reported using the Guidance for Reporting Involvement of Patients and the Public checklist. We will conduct semi-structured interviews with board members and public contribution coordinators 6 months after the board is established and at the end of the trial to examine the acceptability, feasibility, and perceived impact of public contribution activities. We will also conduct interviews with board members and public contribution coordinators who withdraw participation. Findings will be reported in accordance with the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist.

Discussion

We hope adding public contribution to the CHANGE trial will provide guidance on how to embed public contribution in research and add to the evidence base concerning the impact of public contribution.
Evaluation of retinal structural and functional changes after silicone oil removal in patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a retrospective study
Authors: Dou Ran , Li Rui , Li Rui-chan , Yu Yan-ru , Zhou Jin-xiu , Li Rui-mei , Wang Xia-ping , Zhang Dong-chang , Jiang Jian , Chen Song
Published: January 2024

Background

To evaluate retinal structural and functional changes after silicone oil (SO) removal in eyes with macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).

Methods

Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) testing, microperimetry, and optical coherence tomography angiography were performed in 48 eyes with macula-off RRD before and 3 months after SO removal. The values of healthy contralateral eyes were used as control data. Correlations between retinal vessel density (VD), retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (RNFLT), the interval between retinal detachment and surgery, the duration of SO tamponade, the follow-up time after SO removal, and visual function were analyzed.

Results

Significant increases in 2˚ fixation rate (FR), 4˚ FR, 2˚ mean retinal sensitivity (MRS), 6˚ MRS, parafoveal superficial capillary plexus VD and RNFLT were observed after SO removal (all P < 0.05). The increase of 2˚ MRS and 6˚ MRS were correlated with the duration of SO tamponade and the follow-up time after SO removal respectively (all P < 0.05). The last 2˚ MRS and 6˚ MRS were correlated with the duration of SO tamponade, the interval between retinal detachment and surgery, and the follow-up time after SO removal (all P < 0.01). The last FR in RRD eyes was close to that of contralateral eyes (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

Retinal structure and function improved to different degrees after SO removal. Fixation stability and retinal sensitivity increased more than BCVA postoperatively. Retinal sensitivity, which was affected by the interval between retinal detachment and surgery and the duration of SO tamponade, gradually recovered after SO removal.
Discrimination against HIV/AIDS patients and associated factors among women in East African countries: using the most recent DHS data (2015–2022)
Authors: Terefe Bewuketu , Jembere Mahlet Moges
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The biggest health problem in East Africa is the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Combating stigma and discrimination related to HIV/AIDS is a key goal of many international organizations in their efforts to ensure universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, care, and support programs. However, previous studies in various regions of Africa have shown that the prevalence of discriminatory attitudes related to HIV/AIDS is particularly high. Furthermore, there is a current evidence gap in the region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of discriminatory attitude toward HIV/AIDS patients, and its associated factors among women in East African countries.

Methods

The data we utilized were gathered from the most recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), which were carried out in east African nations between 2016 and 2022. We integrated DHS data from ten countries into our investigation. For our analysis, a weighted sample of 139,812 women overall was employed. The analysis used multiple logistic regressions. The adjusted odds ratio and its 95% confidence interval were then shown, and components with binary logistic regression p values of less than or equal to 0.2 and < 0.05 were regarded as significant predictors of discrimination against HIV/AIDS patients.

Results

In this study, 32.73% (95% CI 34.48–32.97) of respondents had a discriminatory attitude toward HIV/AIDS patients. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, being in the older age groups, having a better education level, being from a wealthy household, having employment status, having ANC follow-up, institutional delivery, mass media exposure, and having female household heads were associated with higher odds of not having a discriminatory attitude toward HIV/AIDS patients. However, being unmarried and living far from the health facilities were associated with higher odds of discriminatory attitudes toward HIV/AIDS patients.

Conclusion

This study concluded that women in East Africa still had a very discriminatory attitude toward HIV/AIDS patients. The good news for East Africa is that prevalence has decreased when compared to earlier findings. Improving women's empowerment, maternal health services, and health facilities' accessibility are crucial.
Revisiting bicoid function: complete inactivation reveals an additional fundamental role in Drosophila egg geometry specification
Authors: Baumgartner Stefan
Published: January 2024

Introduction

The bicoid (bcd) gene in Drosophila has served as a paradigm for a morphogen in textbooks for decades. Discovered in 1986 as a mutation affecting anterior development in the embryo, its expression pattern as a protein gradient later confirmed the prediction from transplantation experiments. These experiments suggested that the protein fulfills the criteria of a true morphogen, with the existence of a homeodomain crucial for activation of genes along the anterior-posterior axis, based on the concentration of the morphogen. The bcd gene undergoes alternative splicing, resulting in, among other isoforms, a small and often neglected isoform with low abundance, which lacks the homeodomain, termed small bicoid (smbcd). Most importantly, all known classical strong bcd alleles used in the past to determine bcd function apparently do not affect the function of this isoform.

Results

To overcome the uncertainty regarding which isoform regulates what, I removed the bcd locus entirely using CRISPR technology. bcdCRISPR eggs exhibited a short and round appearance. The phenotype could be ascribed to smbcd because all bcd alleles affecting the function of the major transcript, termed large bicoid (lgbcd) showed normally sized eggs. Several patterning genes for the embryo showed expression in the oocyte, and their expression patterns were altered in bcdCRISPR oocytes. In bcdCRISPR embryos, all downstream segmentation genes showed altered expression patterns, consistent with the expression patterns in “classical” alleles; however, due to the altered egg geometry resulting in fewer blastoderm nuclei, additional constraints came into play, further affecting their expression patterns.

Conclusions

This study unveils a novel and fundamental role of bcd in shaping the egg’s geometry. This discovery demands a comprehensive revision of our understanding of this important patterning gene and prompts a reevaluation of past experiments conducted under the assumption that bcd mutants were bcdnull-mutants.
Position paper to facilitate patient access to radiopharmaceuticals: considerations for a suitable pharmaceutical regulatory framework
Authors: Korde Aruna , Patt Marianne , Selivanova Svetlana V. , Scott Andrew M. , Hesselmann Rolf , Kiss Oliver , Ramamoorthy Natesan , Todde Sergio , Rubow Sietske M. , Gwaza Luther , Lyashchenko Serge , Andersson Jan , Hockley Brian , Kaslival Ravindra , Decristoforo Clemens
Published: January 2024

Background

Nuclear medicine has made enormous progress in the past decades. However, there are still significant inequalities in patient access among different countries, which could be mitigated by improving access to and availability of radiopharmaceuticals.

Main body

This paper summarises major considerations for a suitable pharmaceutical regulatory framework to facilitate patient access to radiopharmaceuticals. These include the distinct characteristics of radiopharmaceuticals which require dedicated regulations, considering the impact of the variable complexity of radiopharmaceutical preparation, personnel requirements, manufacturing practices and quality assurance, regulatory authority interfaces, communication and training, as well as marketing authorisation procedures to ensure availability of radiopharmaceuticals. Finally, domestic and regional supply to ensure patient access via alternative regulatory pathways, including in-house production of radiopharmaceuticals, is described, and an outlook on regulatory challenges faced by new developments, such as the use of alpha emitters, is provided.

Conclusions

All these considerations are an outcome of a dedicated Technical Meeting organised by the IAEA in 2023 and represent the views and opinions of experts in the field, not those of any regulatory authorities.
Epidemiology of soil-transmitted helminth infections and the differential effect of treatment on the distribution of helminth species in rural areas of Gabon
Authors: Edoa Jean Ronald , Adégbitè Bayodé Roméo , Honkpéhèdji Yabo Josiane , Zinsou Jeannot Fréjus , Boussougou-Sambe Stravensky Térence , Woldearegai Tamirat Gebru , Mordmüller Benjamin , Adegnika Ayola Akim , Dejon‑Agobé Jean Claude
Published: January 2024

Background

Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections are a public health concern in endemic areas. For efficient control, the epidemiology of the disease needs to be monitored. This report assesses the prevalence, incidence, post-treatment infection (PTI) rate, and risk factors for STH infections in two rural areas of Gabon.

Method

In this longitudinal and prospective study, participants aged six to 30 years from the vicinity of Lambaréné and selected households using a simple randomization process were included and followed in two consecutive periods of six and nine months. Stool samples were obtained at the beginning and the end of each follow-up phase (FUP). The Kato-Katz technique was used for the detection of STH eggs, while the Harada-Mori technique and coproculture were used for the detection of larvae in stool processed within a maximum of four hours of collection. Prevalence was determined at the three main time points of the study, incidence was assessed during the two study phases, and PTI was defined as an infection detected nine months post-treatment.

Results

A total of 262 participants were included. The overall prevalence of STH infections was 42% (95%CI: 34–50) and 44% (95%CI: 37–51) at baseline for the six and nine month FUPs, respectively. Trichuris trichiura was the most prevalent species at each time point of assessment. The cumulative incidence of STH at the 6- and 9-month follow-ups was 18% (95%CI: 12–27) and 35% (95%CI: 27–43), respectively, while the incidence rates were 41 (95%CI: 28–55) and 56 (95%CI: 46–67) per 100 person-years, respectively. The PTI rates at the 9-month follow-up for T. trichiura, hookworm, and Ascaris lumbricoides were 58% (95%CI: 41–74), 31% (95%CI: 11–59) and 18% (95%CI: 5–40), respectively. The STH infection intensity was generally light.

Conclusion

The prevalence level of STH infection is moderate in the vicinity of Lambaréné, with T. trichiura being the most prevalent species. Our results reveal a rapid spread of the disease in the population mainly following intervention, particularly for trichuriasis, and therefore call for the full implementation of the World Health Organization’s recommendations in the area.

Trial registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT02769013. Registered 21 April 2016, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02769013
Impact of prenatal, neonatal, and postnatal factors on epilepsy risk in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ketata Imen , Ellouz Emna , Mizouri Rahil
Published: January 2024

Background

Epilepsy is a common, long-term neurological condition. Several previous case-control, cohort and cross-sectional studies have highlighted the role of prenatal, delivery and postnatal factors in the onset of epilepsy. In this systematic review, we evaluate the impact of these factors on the development of epilepsy in children and adolescents.

Methods

We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for literature on the relationship between prenatal, delivery and postnatal factors and the occurrence of epilepsy. The research was performed according to the PRSIMA 2020 flowchart and checklist. Data were extracted and pooled according to the ReviewManager 5.3 software using a random-effects model. Sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis were used to evaluate the source of heterogeneity.

Results

We identified 25 reports, including 45,044 cases with confirmed epilepsy and 2,558,210 controls. Premature birth is significantly associated with the risk of epilepsy (pooled OR = 4.36 [95% CI: 1.26–15.09],P = 0.02). Smoking during pregnancy significantly increases this risk by 28% (pooled OR = 1.28 [95% CI:1.1–1.49],P = 0.002). Furthermore, maternal epilepsy confers a pooled OR of 2.06 [95% CI:1.26–3.36]. Eclampsia is linked to a 16.9-fold increased risk of epilepsy. In addition, both pregnancy metrorrhagia and maternal infection are significantly associated with the epilepsy risk (pooled OR = 2.24 [95% CI: 1.36–3.71] and 1.28 [95% CI: 1.17–1.41], respectively). For delivery conditions, cord prolapse (pooled OR = 2.58 [95% CI: 1.25–5.32]), prolonged labor (> 6 h) (OR = 6.74 [95% CI: 3.57–12.71]) and head trauma (pooled OR = 2.31 [95% CI: 1.54–3.48]) represent a meaningful risk of epilepsy occurrence. Moreover, birth complications (OR = 3.91 [95% CI: 2.43–6.29]), low birth weight (pooled OR = 1.83 [95% CI: 1.5–2.23]) and male birth (pooled OR = 1.18 [95% CI: 1.06–1.32]) are associated with an elevated risk of epilepsy in childhood and adolescence.

Conclusions

Epilepsy in children and adolescents can be attributed to a multitude of intricate factors, notably those during pregnancy, delivery and the postnatal period. These findings highlight the crucial role of prenatal and postnatal care in reducing the impact of these factors on epilepsy occurrence.
Traditional smoking of Wallachian cheeses and sausages in Polish and Slovak parts of the Carpathian Mountains
Authors: Migdał Władysław , Marcinčák Slavomír , Walczycka Maria , Domagała Jacek , Pluta-Kubica Agnieszka , Filipczak-Fiutak Magda , Migdał Anna , Migdał Łukasz
Published: January 2024

Wallachian expansion brought to the Carpathian Mountains a system of shepherd economy—farming, production of Wallachian cheeses, animals adapted to life in difficult mountain conditions—mainly sheep of the Cakiel breed group. Mountain sheep's milk is used to produce traditional cheeses: bundz, bryndza podhalańska, oscypek, redykołka—on the Polish side and Slovenská bryndza, Slovenská parenica, Slovenský oštiepok, Ovčí hrudkový syr salašnícky—on the Slovak side. Also sausages are made from sheep meat. These cheeses and sausages are salted and then traditionally smoked. The source of heat and smoke is hard wood with appropriate humidity, burned in the hearth located in the shepherd's hut, over which the cheeses are placed under the roof. Among several hundred smoke components, there are also polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which, on the one hand, give the smoked product its taste and aroma, and on the other hand have carcinogenic and mutagenic properties. Sausages and cheeses from Poland and Slovakia, made from milk and meat of native sheep breeds, preserved by traditional smoking, were analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons content. The analyzed cheeses were characterized by a trace or low content of benzo[a]pyrene and the sum of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and chrysene. In cheeses from outer Eastern Carpathians subprovince (Bieszczady), the high content of naphthalene, acenaphthylene, fluorene and phenanthrene is noteworthy. Polish lamb sausages were characterized by a higher content of benzo(a)pyrene and the sum of benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, benzo(b)fluoranthene and chrysene. The differences result from the method of smoking (warm or cold in the south of the Carpathians—hot in the north) and the type of wood used for smoking.
An approach towards identification of leather from leather-like polymeric material using FTIR-ATR technique
Authors: Narayanan Priya , Janardhanan Sreeram Kalarical
Published: January 2024

Leather, a by-product of the meat industry, has unique strength, elasticity, water vapor permeability, resistance to abrasion, durability, and longevity. In the background of ISO 15115:2019, the authenticity of leather has become a subject matter of concern. There is a need to distinguish leather (animal origin) from other leather-like materials derived from fossil fuel (PU, faux leather, etc.) and agro-product-driven vegan materials, which are also sold in the market as leather. For this purpose, this work relies on the signature FTIR bands of collagen (the skin-making protein) as a starting point to distinguish between animal origin and rest. A detailed investigation of all types of materials used in lifestyle products has been carried out to assess the boundary lines of this hypothesis. It is reasonably concluded that the signature Amide I, II, and III bands of collagen occurring at 1600, 1500, and 1200 cm−1 could serve as the first line to distinguish against all materials other than nylon and in the case of nylon, and the Amide A band at 3200 cm−1, forms the basis for differentiation from nylon. In essence, the FTIR spectra can be used as a robust, easy and unambiguous technique to distinguish leather from leather-like materials currently available on the market.

Graphical Abstract
Preserving coronal knee alignment of the knee (CPAK) in unicompartmental knee arthroplasty correlates with superior patient-reported outcomes
Authors: Kim Sung Eun , Yun Kuk-Ro , Lee Jae Min , Lee Myung Chul , Han Hyuk-Soo
Published: January 2024

Background

The optimal alignment target for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) remains controversial, and literature suggests that its impact on patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) varies. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between changes in the coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) and PROMs in patients who underwent UKA.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 164 patients who underwent UKA was conducted. The types of CPAK types categorized into unchanged, minor (shift to an adjacent CPAK type, e.g., type I to II or type I to IV), and major changes (transitioning to a nearby diagonal CPAK type or two types across, such as type I to V or type I to III). PROMs were assessed preoperatively and 1 year postoperatively using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scores, Knee Society (KS) scores, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), and Forgotten Joint Scores (FJS). Comparison was performed between patients who experienced and who did not experience any changes in the CPAK.

Results

Patients with preserved native CPAK alignment demonstrated significantly superior 1 year postoperative outcomes, with higher HSS, KS knee, and WOMAC pain scores (p = 0.042, p = 0.009, and p = 0.048, respectively). Meanwhile, the degree of change in CPAK did not significantly influence the PROMs, and patients who experienced minor and major changes in the CPAK showed comparable outcomes.

Conclusion

Preserving the native CPAK in UKA procedures is important for achieving favorable clinical outcomes at 1 year postoperative. The extent of change in the CPAK type exerted a limited impact on PROMs, thus emphasizing the importance of change in alignment itself.
Effect of health education program on knowledge, stress, and satisfaction among infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization injection
Authors: Mohamed Heba M. , Badia Treza S. , Khalaf Shimaa A. , Abdullah Saleh O. , Farghaly Tarek A. , Fetih Ahmed N. , Aly Shimaa Elwardany
Published: January 2024

Background

Stress and dissatisfaction are common issues among patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF). The process of IVF can be emotionally and psychologically challenging, leading to stress, anxiety, and depression in patients. This can be exacerbated by factors such as the length of infertility, the uncertainty of the outcome, and the financial burden of treatment. Additionally, the physical demands of the treatment, the side effects of medication, and the fear of failure can contribute to dissatisfaction and emotional strain in IVF patients. This pre-post intervention study design aimed to evaluate the effect of a health education program on knowledge, stress, and satisfaction among 100 infertile women undergoing IVF attending the Woman’s Health Hospital’s infertility outpatient clinic and IVF unit at Assiut University. Knowledge and stress were measured by women’s knowledge about IVF and the perceived stress scale, respectively. The satisfaction was measured using the Scale of Patient Satisfaction about IVF.

Results

There is a marked improvement in the knowledge of infertile women, with a significant reduction in their stress levels after the health education program. Furthermore, the satisfaction scores of the women who participated in the program improved significantly.

Conclusion

The health education program demonstrated a positive impact on knowledge, stress levels, and satisfaction among infertile women undergoing IVF. These findings highlight the positive impact of the program on the participants and emphasize the importance of continuous educational programs regarding IVF to improve knowledge, decrease stress levels, and increase their overall satisfaction with the treatment.
LDL-receptor gene polymorphism as a predictor of coronary artery disease: an Egyptian pilot study: relation to lipid profile and angiographic findings
Authors: El-Sayed Kefaya , Youssef Amany R. , Hay Nehal M. Abdel , Osman Adel M.
Published: January 2024

Background

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the main cause of death in Egypt. Many LDL-R gene locus single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) are found to be associated with the risk of CAD. This research aimed to assess the allelic and genotypic frequencies of rs1122608 SNP and their association with the extent of vessel affection and lipid profile in a population of Egyptians.100 CAD patients and 100 healthy controls of Egyptians were included. PCR–RFLP was used to genotype rs1122608 SNPs.

Results

Significantly higher proportion of ‘T’ allele among patient (risk allele). This association is of low strength (ϕ lies between 0.1 and 0.3). A participant with ‘T’ allele has 1.95 times higher odds to exhibit CAD versus a participant with ‘G’ allele. Significantly higher proportion of ‘T/T’ genotype among cases versus control (risk genotype). This association is of low strength (Cramer’s V lies between 0.1 and 0.3). A participant with ‘T/T’ genotype has 4.5 times higher odds to exhibit CAD versus a participant with ‘G/G’. Gensini score showed no significant association with rs1122608 genotypes (p = 0.863).

Conclusions

The mutant GT and TT genotypes and minor T allele of rs1122608 were positively correlated with CAD and considered as independent risk factors for CAD.
Evaluating the index of panoramic X-ray image quality using K-means clustering method
Authors: Imajo Satoshi , Tanabe Yoshinori , Nakamura Nobue , Honda Mitsugi , Kuroda Masahiro
Published: January 2024

Background

A panoramic X-ray image is generally considered optimal when the occlusal plane is slightly arched, presenting with a gentle curve. However, the ideal angle of the occlusal plane has not been determined. This study provides a simple evaluation index for panoramic X-ray image quality, built using various image and cluster analyzes, which can be used as a training tool for radiological technologists and as a reference for image quality improvement.

Results

A reference panoramic X-ray image was acquired using a phantom with the Frankfurt plane positioned horizontally, centered in the middle, and frontal plane centered on the canine teeth. Other images with positioning errors were acquired with anteroposterior shifts, vertical rotations of the Frankfurt plane, and horizontal left/right rotations. The reference and positioning-error images were evaluated with the cross-correlation coefficients for the occlusal plane profile, left/right angle difference, peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), and deformation vector fields (DVF). The results of the image analyzes were scored for positioning-error images using K-means clustering analysis. Next, we analyzed the correlations between the total score, cross-correlation analysis of the occlusal plane curves, left/right angle difference, PSNR, and DVF. In the scoring, the positioning-error images with the highest quality were the ones with posterior shifts of 1 mm. In the analysis of the correlations between each pair of results, the strongest correlations (r = 0.7–0.9) were between all combinations of PSNR, DVF, and total score.

Conclusions

The scoring of positioning-error images using K-means clustering analysis is a valid evaluation indicator of correct patient positioning for technologists in training.
Testicular leukaemic infiltration in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a case report
Authors: Qader Abdul Qadir , Akhgar Javid , Tan Stephanie Wai Yee , Abdul Hamid Hamzaini
Published: January 2024

Background

Although paediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) have improved survival following modern chemotherapy treatment, disease relapses still occur in 20–25% of them. Our case had relapsed ALL with testicular leukaemic infiltration, which is rare, with less than 2% incidence.

Case presentation

We describe a case of an 11-year-old boy with a background history of ALL presenting with painless unilateral scrotal swelling. An initial ultrasound of the testes showed heterogeneity throughout with hypervascularity on colour-flow imaging on the affected testis. Some areas are hypoechoic with dilated tubules. The histopathology of the follow-up testicular biopsy revealed malignant cells and leukaemic infiltration. Patient subsequently received chemotherapy treatment at another centre.

Conclusions

Testicular relapse of ALL is relatively rare with the use of improved contemporary frontline treatment with better outcomes. With its non-specific symptoms, radiological imaging can significantly facilitate timely diagnosis and contribute to appropriate further management and improved prognosis.
Artificial intelligence-based optimal EVCS integration with stochastically sized and distributed PVs in an RDNS segmented in zones
Authors: Rene Ebunle Akupan , Fokui Willy Stephen Tounsi
Published: January 2024

The growing interest in electric vehicles (EVs) for transportation has led to increased production and government support through legislation since they offer environmental benefits such as reduced air pollution and carbon emissions compared to conventional combustion engine vehicles. This shift toward EV technology aligns with the goal of preserving the natural environment. To fully utilize EVs, effective management of the power grid is crucial, particularly in radial distribution network systems (RDNS) as they pose stress and deviation of power system parameters from their normal. This study proposes a novel strategy for maximizing EV utilization through EV charging stations (EVCSs) in an RDNS by considering factors such as load voltage deviation, line losses, and the presence of distributed solar photovoltaic systems at load centers. The research begins by segmenting the RDNS into zones, followed by the application of an artificial intelligence-based hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) approach known as hybrid GA–PSO. This approach identifies optimal locations for EVCSs integrated with photovoltaics within the network. Subsequently, the employment of individual GA and PSO algorithms to optimize EVCS placement focuses on minimizing power loss and enhancing voltage. The effectiveness of the hybrid GA–PSO algorithm is compared to that of separate GA and PSO methods. Extensive simulations using the IEEE 33-node test feeders validate the proposed techniques, demonstrating the usefulness of the hybrid GA–PSO algorithm in identifying optimal EVCS placement within each zone. The results also highlight the advantages and novelty of hybrid GA–PSO in achieving optimal EVCS placement with stochastically sized and distributed photovoltaic in an RDNS.
A market definition paradigm equilibrium voltage analysis of ageing and temperature in lithium-ion cells
Authors: Enochoghene Samuel O. , Yesufu Thomas K.
Published: January 2024

This study was on the use of the market definition paradigm (MDP) to track ageing and temperature effects in lithium–ion cells. This was with a view to using the technique to obtain a sequence of equilibrium voltages from readily available datasets in order to profile the effects of ageing and temperature on cells and batteries. The method employed involved using the MDP with its capability to obtain a sequence of equilibrium voltages for lithium-ion cells. This approach integrated radio incidence with radio geometry, transmission and emergence in a simplified form of the cell’s equilibrium voltage (and amperage). A standard dataset was obtained from the centre for advanced life cycle engineering repository. The data were processed and analysed using Coulomb counting, charging and discharging energy comparison methods on Python 3.8 programming tool and LibreOffice spreadsheet software. Results obtained show a close tracking of ageing and temperature phenomena in the cells studied. A respective maximum and minimum equilibrium voltages of 3.23 V and 3.10 V over two thousand (2000) cycles were similarly obtained for ageing and temperature investigations. The equilibrium voltage shows a downward trend as the battery ages and is more reliable for studies on these cells than the open circuit voltage traditionally used to track phenomena in such cells. In conclusion, typical lithium-ion cells can be classified at begin-of-life using the equilibrium voltage and useful predictions made with respect to end-of-life. This approach is relatively inexpensive, requiring fewer data points and low-cost hardware and extensible to online applications.

Graphical Abstract
Comparative study between radiation exposure in common urological procedures
Authors: Elmarakbi Akrm A. , Elnoiry Ali Korany , Deiab Nashaat , Lotfy Amr M.
Published: January 2024

Background

Fluoroscopy has become essential to urological surgery since advancement of endourology. Fluoroscopy use has increased, placing urologists as well as staff members at risk for occupational radiation exposure and related dangers. This study compared radiation exposure for staff personnel in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), ureteroscopy (URS) and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL). Then, study determined the maximum number of PCNL, URS and ESWL cases that staff members can handle safely each year.

Results

Radiation exposure in PCNL group was higher than URS and ESWL especially for surgeon. Dose of radiation exposure in ESWL for surgeon, assistant and nurse was 2.4 microsievert (μSv), 0.9 μSv and 0.8 μSv, respectively. Dose of radiation exposure in URS for surgeon, assistant and nurse was 18.5 μSv, 14.3 μSv and 13.1 μSv, respectively. Dose of radiation exposure in PCNL for surgeon, assistant and nurse was 73 μSv, 51.3 μSv and 47.6 μSv, respectively.

Conclusion

Increased stone size and increased fluoroscopy time were associated with high radiation exposure. PCNL procedure was 8.8 times more likely to exhibit high-dose exposure than other procedures. Urologists can perform: 274 PCNL case, 1081 URS case and 8333 ESWL case per year within safe radiation exposure limits advised by International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP).
Correlation between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio with proteinuria in different stages of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Aneez Fathima Azra , Shariffdeen Nifla , Haleem Fathima Asra , Thangarajah Brammah R , Rasaratnam Karunaithas
Published: January 2024

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive failure of renal function with ongoing systemic inflammation. Inflammatory markers such as neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and proteinuria were documented as independent predictors of CKD progression. Although proteinuria estimated by the protein to creatinine ratio (UPCR) is generally employed to screen the disease progression of CKD, the correlation of NLR and PLR with different stages of CKD is yet to be studied. Consequently, this study strived to find the stage-wise correlation between NLR and PLR with proteinuria in CKD patients.

Methods

Eighty-five CKD patients with proteinuria who visited the Nephrology Clinic at Teaching Hospital Jaffna, Sri Lanka, were randomly selected and categorized as stages II to IV based on the estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR). Blood samples were collected and subjected to investigate patients’ NLR and PLR. Furthermore, urine protein and creatinine were measured and UPCR was calculated. Participants’ demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from patients’ clinical registry. Spearman’s rank correlation and receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was done, and the p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Amongst the total participants, males were predominant (58.8%), with a mean age of 58.1. Severity analysis based on the e-GFR revealed that 17.64%, 18.82%, 29.41%, and 34.11% of CKD patients were in stages II, IIIA, IIIB, and IV, respectively. Stage-wise correlation and ROC curve analysis indicated that NLR and PLR were positively correlated with UPCR in stages IIIA, IIIB, and IV of CKD with more than 80% predictive sensitivity and specificity.

Conclusion

NLR and PLR can be used as novel predictive markers for monitoring the severity of CKD; however, further large-scale cohort studies of NLR and PLR with serial monitoring and multiple closely spaced measurements are recommended to develop these markers into clinically acceptable markers for CKD progression.
Exploring the relation between the central auditory processing functions and language development among Arabic-speaking children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Hegazi Mona Abdel-Fattah , Khalil Ghada Moharram , Mohamed Sarah Mosaad , Khodeir Mona Sameeh
Published: January 2024

Background

Debate still exists on the effect of central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) on the language of children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). This study aimed to explore the deficits of the central auditory processing (CAP) functions and their relation to language development and ADHD symptoms in 30 Egyptian Arabic-speaking children with ADHD between 4 and ≤ 7 years old. ADHD symptoms were rated by Conners’ Parent Rating Scale–Revised. Language development was assessed by the Modified Pre-school Language Scale (PLS) 4th edition, the Arabic version, and the Egyptian Arabic Pragmatic Language Test. CAP functions were tested by the Pediatric Speech Intelligibility (PSI) test (Arabic version).

Results

Sixty percent of the ADHD children had comorbid CAPD with predominance among ADHD children of combined type. There was a significant positive correlation between all PSI subtests assessing the monotonic auditory closure and dichotic auditory separation abilities in both ears and the language ages by the modified PLS-4. There was also a significant positive correlation between scores of the Egyptian Arabic Pragmatic Language Test (EAPLT) and the monotonic auditory closure ability in both ears and auditory separation ability in the right ear only.There was a non-significant mild difference in scores of the modified PLS-4 in favor of the ADHD children with normal CAP functions.

Conclusion

Not all children with ADHD have central auditory processing disorder as both ADHD and CAPD are independent disorders. Better central auditory processing functions are associated with well-developed language and higher pragmatic skills in ADHD children.
Predictors of mortality in critically ill children hospitalized with laboratory- confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia
Authors: Elmeazawy Rehab , EL-Moazen Ahmed Mohammed Farid
Published: January 2024

Background

Children with COVID-19 infection had fewer severe symptoms, which made it challenging to publish clinical data for this age group. This study aimed to determine the clinical features, laboratory markers, and predictors of mortality in children hospitalized in Pediatric Critical Care Units with COVID-19 pneumonia.

Methods

This retrospective research included all children between the age of ≥ 1 month and 18 years with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia through reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) from nasopharyngeal swabs who were admitted to Pediatric Critical Care Units between January 2022 and December 2022.

Results

The study included 62 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection. Out of the 62 patients, 43 (69.4%) survived and 19 (30.6%) succumbed. High-grade fever, cough, altered level of consciousness, convulsion, CO-RADS IV, elevated blood CRP, urea, D-dimer, ferritin, and sodium were linked to significantly higher mortality risk. (OR: 15.867, p = 0.001, OR: 1.543, p = 0.044, OR: 7.321, p = 0.026, OR: 15.00, p = 0.017, OR: 10.833, p = 0.001, OR: 1.015, p = 0.032, OR: 1.028, p = 0.040, OR: 3.315, p < 0.0001, OR: 1.004, p = 0.049, OR: 1.111, p = 0.006 respectively).

Conclusion

Our study revealed high in-hospital mortality among critically ill children with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia. Identification of critically ill children with risk factors for death, such as high-grade fever, cough, altered consciousness, convulsion, CO-RADS IV and V, and raised inflammatory markers at the time of admission could minimize excess mortality during COVID-19 waves.