bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CIOMS Cumulative Pharmacovigilance Glossary
Authors:   CIOMS
Published: August 2022

Since its inception, CIOMS has published over 10 reports on various topics in the field of pharmacovigilance, and this CIOMS Cumulative Pharmacovigilance Glossary compiles all the definitions within these reports. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic seems to be a particularly appropriate time to publish this glossary, given the increased interest in pharmacovigilance globally to address the safety and effectiveness of medicinal products for prevention and treatment of COVID-19. The CIOMS Cumulative Pharmacovigilance Glossary does not cover CIOMS reports on the subjects of ethics, clinical pharmacology, product development, the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA), or publications resulting from CIOMS Roundtable Discussions. Including terms and definitions on the subject of vaccines is currently under discussion.
CIOMS Cumulative Glossary, with a focus on pharmacovigilance
Authors:   CIOMS Glossary Advisory Board
Published: August 2022

The CIOMS Cumulative Glossary is an organized collection of the terms and definitions included in published CIOMS Working Group reports, with a focus on pharmacovigilance. It includes links to the reports and, where applicable, provides references to the sources from which the definitions were adopted or modified. Version 2.x covers the terms included in CIOMS reports on pharmacovigilance as well as related topics. The glossary does not cover CIOMS reports on the subjects of ethics, pharmacogenetics, clinical pharmacology, the development and use of standardised MedDRA queries, or publications resulting from CIOMS Roundtable Discussions (1967-1997).
A Test of the (hu)MANid Program on a Diverse Sample of Mandibles
Authors: Lynch Paige , Lorenzo Cabo-Pérez Luis
Published: August 2022

The (hu)MANid program is a free, web-based software using mandibular metric and morphoscopic variables to estimate sex and ancestry. The database consists of 1,745 individuals from 15 populations (modern, historic, and prehistoric). The required use of a mandibulometer presents two limitations. It is an expensive piece of equipment not available in all labs, and many users do not have experience using a mandibulometer, so error can be high. To address this, three-dimensional surface scans (3D scans) provide an alternative method for data collection. Here, the authors assess the accuracy of the (hu)MANid program on a diverse sample, compare accuracy from 3D scans and physical measurements, and evaluate whether mandibulometer measurements increase classification rates. Six metric and morphoscopic variables were collected from 3D scans (Ntotal = 555) and from bone (Ntotal = 41). Three additional mandibulometer measurements were collected from bone. Mixture discriminant analysis and non-stepwise options were applied due to reported higher correct classification and no significant difference when using stepwise options. Test samples with matching reference groups from the digital measurements had higher than chance average correct classifications for ancestry and sex/ancestry combined. Pooled sexes had correct classifications higher than chance for all comparisons except females using digital measurements. Physical measurements had a higher correct classification rate than digital measurements despite the small sample size. Including mandibulometer measurements did not significantly increase classification rates for physical measurements. Results indicate that hu(MAN)id is better than chance but suggest additional testing due to a lack of diversity in the physical measurements.
Cruelty, Sadism, and the Joy of Inflicting Pain for its Own Sake
Authors: Statman Daniel ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2022

The paper offers a theory of cruelty that includes the following claims: First, cruelty is best understood as a disposition to take delight in the very infliction of suffering on others. Thus understood, cruelty is the same phenomenon as that studied and operationalized by psychologists in the last decade or so under the heading of everyday sadism. Second, for people to be cruel, they need not have proper understanding of the moral standing of their victims. Third, ascriptions of cruelty do not depend on judgments regarding the moral wrongness of the assumed cruel act. Fourth, since cruelty is primarily a property of agents rather than of actions, and since actions are not always a reliable indication of cruelty, identifying cruelty is a more challenging task than usually thought.
A Model for a Practiced, Global, Liberatory Virtue Ethics Curriculum
Authors: Dutmer Evan ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2022

Many introductory courses in ethics stress competence in ethical theories popular in modern Western, Anglophone philosophy. This is limiting to ethics students in two ways: 1) it privileges theory over practice in the area of philosophy that has the most intuitive practical importance and application and 2) it privileges modern Western ethical theory at the expense of philosophical and practical engagement with all other world ethical systems. This essay seeks to provide a pedagogical corrective for both of these trends in the context of a virtue ethics course in offering 1) a blueprint for a course in practiced virtue ethics at the high school level based on my version of a required course, “Ethics and the Cultivation of Character” in the Leadership Education Department at Culver Academies (where I am one of the Ethics instructors) that 2) draws on a theoretical apparatus for virtue ethics derived from both Western and non-Western world philosophies.
But Can I Take a Selfie?: Utilizing Photography as an Interdisciplinary Approach to Environmental Philosophy Assignments
Authors: DePalma Victoria ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: August 2022

This paper discusses the value in implementing photography as a means of assessment in philosophy courses. I specifically discuss how I utilize this interdisciplinary method in my honors environmental philosophy course with encouraging results, and how it can be easily employed in other philosophy courses as well. Photography is the basis for one of my larger course projects, the environmental philosophy in photo project (EPPP). The EPPP offers students novel methods of applying and understanding environmental ethical theories and new ways of making meaning. In the following, I offer a defense of photographic methods for philosophical assessments, project instructions, student learning objectives and feedback, overall effectiveness of the project, and potential uses of photographic methods in other philosophy courses.
The research background to the final report of the Future of the Corporation programme on �Policy & Practice for Purposeful Business�
Authors: Mayer Colin
Published: August 2022

This article introduces four research papers that were written for the final report of the British Academy Future of the Corporation programme. It focuses on three areas � corporate law, measurement, and finance. The overarching concept that the programme has developed is of corporate purpose being about creating profitable solutions to problems of people and planet, not profiting from producing problems for either. Adoption and implementation of this requires corporate law to reflect the extension of the boundaries of the firm beyond their conventional ones of property ownership and contractual claims to include the impact that the firm has on others. That should be incorporated in measurement systems that determine the success and profit of a company and in particular account for the costs of rectifying and remedying detriments that it inflicts on others. The purpose of financial systems and institutions in this context is to ensure that the necessary financial resources and forms of investor engagement are available to allow firms to deliver on their purposes. Finally, several cases studies illustrate the extent to which companies are implementing meaningful purposes and the challenges they face in doing so.
Application of RBF artificial neural networks to precipitation and temperature forecasting in Paraná, Brazil
Authors: Milléo Carla , Almeida Ricardo Carvalho de
Published: August 2022

Precipitation and temperature have an impact on various sectors of society, such as agriculture, power generation, water availability, so it is essential to develop accurate monthly forecasts. The objective of this study is to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model for monthly temperature and precipitation forecasts for the state of Paraná, Brazil. An important step in the ANN model is the selection of input variables, for which the forward stepwise regression method was used. After identifying the predictor variables for the forecasting model, the Radial Basis Function (RBF) ANN was developed with 50 neurons in the hidden layer and one neuron in the output layer. For the precipitation forecasting models, better performances were obtained for forecasting the data smoothed by the three-month moving average, since noisy data, such as monthly precipitation, are more difficult to be simulated by the neural network. For the temperature forecasts, the ANN model performed well both in the monthly temperature forecast and in the 3-month moving average forecast. This study showed the suitability of forecasting precipitation and temperature with the use of RBF ANNs, especially in the forecast of the monthly temperature.
Experiência exitosa de reconhecimento internacional de projeto de pesquisa: implementação de ações sustentáveis
Authors: Paula Cristiane Cardoso de , Padoin Stela Maris de Mello , Kirsten Vanessa Ramos , Bick Marília Alessandra , Ferreira Tamiris , Sampaio Clécia de Oliveira
Published: August 2022

O trabalho não apresenta resumo.
Fragilidades e potencialidades do cuidado de enfermagem em aleitamento materno na atenção primária: revisão integrativa
Authors: Zanlorenzi Gisele Basso , Wall Marilene Loewen , Aldrighi Juliane Dias , Benedet Deise Cristine Forlin , Skupien Suellen Vienscoski , Souza Silvana Regina Rossi Kissula
Published: August 2022

Objetivo: identificar as fragilidades e potencialidades do cuidado de enfermagem no apoio ao aleitamento materno na atenção primária à saúde (APS). Método: revisão integrativa realizada nas bases LILACS, BDENF, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science e biblioteca Scielo em março de 2021. Resultados: compuseram a amostra 19 estudos. Fragilidades envolvem embasamento teórico/prático incipiente dos profissionais de enfermagem, cuidado limitado voltado ao aleitamento materno e à (des)organização do serviço e do processo de trabalho. Como potencialidade, identificou-se a educação em saúde, desenvolvida pelo enfermeiro, durante o pré-natal e pós-parto. Conclusão: o embasamento teórico/prático incipiente é responsável pela limitação do cuidado, e a desorganização do serviço e do processo de trabalho é considerada um entrave no apoio ao aleitamento materno na APS. Ações de educação em saúde demonstram ser uma potência e uma possibilidade de oferta de cuidado de qualidade diante das barreiras impostas pela falta de conhecimento.
Design of specific mobile health-care communication encryption system based on natural language processing
Authors: Li Wei
Published: August 2022

Aiming at the problem of poor real-time and security caused by symmetric encryption in common communication encryption systems, a specific mobile communication encryption system based on natural language processing is designed. In the hardware part of the system, the hardware encryption module of communication terminal is designed. In the software part of the system, after the communication content is processed by natural language processing, the elliptic curve encryption algorithm is used to encrypt the specific communication content. Through comparative experiments, it is proved that the success rate of key agreement in encryption system processed by natural language is more than 93%, which has better security.
Musical Instruments in the Sephardic Illuminated Bibles
Authors: Shaked Guy
Published: August 2022

Some Iberian Hebrew Bibles produced from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century feature depictions of musical instruments within the full-page illustrations of the Temple implements. These instruments have been found to be similar to those in two contemporary Iberian Christian manuscripts: Cantigas de Santa Maria Codex E and Peter Comestor’s Historia Scholastica. The trumpets and ram’s horn appear next to one another in the Bibles and their appearance together is a unique feature in Jewish art. Also noteworthy is the fact that most of the trumpets have some gold or are entirely of gold or are gilded whereas the Temple’s and Tabernacle’s trumpets were specifically said to be made of pure silver. This article suggests that these two features reflect an attempt on the part of Iberian Jews to associate their music with that of the court of King Alfonso X and his heirs, as the illustrations imply that they and the king had shared musical roots.
Paediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy: Experience in Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Eke C B , Brown R A , De Lacy R J , Goddard E A
Published: August 2022

Background. Endoscopy is an important diagnostic and therapeutic mode of management in children with gastrointestinal disorders.

Objective. To determine the indications, endoscopic yields and impact of the service on the ongoing health and complications among children who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town.

Methods. A 10-year (2007 - 2016) retrospective study of children <18 years old who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy was undertaken using relevant patients’ variables obtained from their hospital medical records. Data were analysed using Stata 13.1 (p<0.05).

Results. A total of 402 children underwent a total of 695 gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: 592 (85.2%) were gastroscopies, 78 (11.2%) combined gastroscopies with colonoscopies and 25 (3.6%) colonoscopy-only procedures, respectively. The main diagnostic indications for gastroscopy, gastroscopy combined with colonoscopy and colonoscopy-only were chronic abdominal pain (n=49; 12.2%), suspected inflammatory bowel disease (n=30; 7.5%) and rectal bleeding (n=13; 52.0%) respectively. The most common therapeutic indication for gastroscopy was change of a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (n=143; 35.6%) while for colonoscopy 6 (5.8%) had polypectomy. Abnormal histopathological results were made from both macroscopically normal- and abnormal-looking tissues, though with no statistically significant relationship.

Conclusion. Endoscopy offers diagnostic and therapeutic options in children. Positive histological findings were obtained in some cases where gastrointestinal mucosae appeared normal. There is need to obtain biopsies from both macroscopically normal- and abnormallooking gastrointestinal mucosae as positive histological findings could be made from them and hence improve diagnostic yield.
Infant injuries treated at Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Storm K K , Van Dyk M , Van As A B
Published: August 2022

Background. Infants are entirely dependent on their caregivers, especially <6  months old when they are not yet mobile. While the epidemiology of injury among children in general has been described, the exact causes of infant injury have never been investigated in South Africa (SA).

Objective. To describe causes of injury in infants aged <12 months, stratified for the four quarters of the first year of life, in order to identify opportunities for targeted prevention strategies based on local data.

Methods. This retrospective audit study used data collected by ChildSafe SA from the Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital in Cape Town, SA, over a 4-year period from January 2013 to December 2016. Infants <1 year of age presenting to the hospital’s trauma casualty department were included. Additionally, mortuary data on traumatic infant deaths in the hospital’s catchment area were collected.

Results. A total of 2 279 injured infants were identified. More than half were male (55%; n=1 250) and the median age was 8 months (interquartile range 5 - 10 months). Leading causes of injury were falls (42%; n=957) and burns (32%; n=736). A significant association between the age group and the cause of injury (p<0.001) was found. From 2014 to 2016, an additional 27 infants were traumatically injured and died before arriving at the hospital.

Conclusion. Falls and burns are a significant contributor to the burden of infant injuries in Cape Town. This underlines the urgent need for targeted prevention strategies to improve safety, taking poverty into account.
Phylogenetic position of the enigmatic genus Atherospio and description of Atherospio aestuarii sp. nov. (Annelida: Spionidae) from Japan
Authors: Abe Hirokazu , Kan Kotaro
Published: August 2022

Background

There are currently two species within the small enigmatic genus Atherospio Mackie & Duff, 1986, which belongs to the Pygospiopsis-Atherospio group in the family Spionidae Grube, 1850. The taxonomic relationship of the genus Atherospio with other spionid or spioniform genera is currently not well understood due to its unusual morphological characteristics.

Methods

Here, we describe a new Atherospio species, Atherospio aestuarii sp. nov., based on materials collected from three localities in Japan: Hirota Bay (Iwate Prefecture), Ago Bay (Mie Prefecture), and Yakushima Island (Kagoshima Prefecture). We have also evaluated the possible systematic position of this new species by conducting molecular phylogenetic analyses using the nuclear 18S, 28S, and mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences.

Results

The morphology of A. aestuarii sp. nov. resembles that of A. disticha Mackie & Duff, 1986 and A. guillei (Laubier & Ramos, 1974) in having branchiae fused to the notopodial lamellae on a restricted number of segments from chaetiger 7, modified neurochaetae on chaetiger 5, and at least some bidentate neuropodial hooks with the secondary tooth below the main fang. The form and arrangement of the modified aristate neurochaetae in double vertical rows closely resemble those found on chaetigers 4 and 5 of A. disticha. The new species lacks the occipital antenna present in A. disticha. In this respect it resembles A. guillei, however, that species differs in having robust neuropodial spines on chaetiger 5 and peristomial papillae, and a preponderance of unidentate neurochaetae. Both A. guillei and the new species have slender needle-like notochaetae in their posteriormost chaetigers. Atherospio aestuarii sp. nov. is distinguished from both congeneric species by its branchial and neuropodial hook distributions. The new species is also unique in that it was recorded at relatively shallow depths, which included intertidal zones. The results of our molecular phylogenetic analysis indicate that the new species was included in a clade that included the genera of the Polydora complex, Pygospio Claparède, 1863, Glandulospio Meißner, Bick, Guggolz, Götting, 2014, Spio Fabricius, 1785, Microspio Mesnil, 1896, Marenzelleria Mesnil, 1896, Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936, Scolelepis Blainville, 1828, Dispio Hartman, 1951, and Malacoceros Quatrefages, 1843 with robust statistical support. The new species formed a clade with Dispio and Scolelepis, however, statistical support for the node was not significant.
Heterochronies and allometries in the evolution of the hominid cranium: a morphometric approach using classical anthropometric variables
Authors: Pérez-Claros Juan Antonio , Palmqvist Paul
Published: August 2022

This article studies the evolutionary change of allometries in the relative size of the two main cranial modules (neurocranium and splanchnocranium) in the five living hominid species and a diverse sample of extinct hominins. We use six standard craniometric variables as proxies for the length, width and height of each cranial module. Factor analysis and two-block partial least squares (2B-PLS) show that the great apes and modern humans share a pervasive negative ontogenetic allometry in the neurocranium and a positive one in the splanchnocranium. This developmental constraint makes it possible to interpret the cranial heterochronies in terms of ontogenetic scaling processes (i.e., extensions or truncations of the ancestral ontogenetic trajectory) and lateral transpositions (i.e., parallel translations of the entire trajectory starting from a different shape for a given cranial size). We hypothesize that ontogenetic scaling is the main evolutionary modality in the australopithecines while in the species ofHomoit is also necessary to apply transpositions. Both types of processes are coordinated inHomo, which result in an evolutionary trend toward an increase in brain size and in the degree of paedomorphosis from the earliest habilines.
Determinants of Fixed Asset Revaluation and Sustainability Report Disclosure on Firm Value
Authors: Wiriartha Ida Bagus Anom , Widyastuti Tri , Daito Apollo
Published: August 2022

This study analyzes the determinants of the effect of investment opportunities, leverage, Information asymmetry, ownership structure, liquidity, and company size on asset revaluation and sustainability reports and their impact on firm value. This study uses secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Stock Exchange data center. The research period is for all IDX industries in 2015 -2019 with a sample of 138 companies that carry out asset revaluation and Sustainability Reports. The data analysis technique used the least square part. The results of this study show Investment opportunities have no effect on revaluation of fixed assets, Leverage has no effect on revaluation of fixed assets, Information asymmetry has no effect on revaluation of fixed assets, Ownership structure has a positive effect on revaluation of fixed assets, Liquidity has a negative effect on revaluation of fixed assets, Firm size has a positive effect on revaluation fixed assets , investment opportunities have no effect on the sustainability report, leverage has no effect on the sustainability report, information asymmetry has a positive effect on the sustainability report, ownership structure has no effect on the sustainability report , liquidity has no effect on the sustainability report, company size has no effect on the sustainability report, fixed asset revaluation has no effect on firm value,  Sustainability report does not affect the value of the company , investment opportunities positive effect on firm value, leverage has a positive effect on firm value , information asymmetry has no effect on firm value, ownership structure has a positive effect on firm value, liquidity has no effect on firm value, firm size has a positive effect on firm value.
Evaluation of Local Clays from Edo and Delta State as Feedstock in Drilling Fluid Formulation
Authors: Obioma Irabor Lily , Dune Kingdom Kponanyie , Dagde Kenneth Kekpugile
Published: August 2022

This work investigates the suitability of clay samples collected from Ogwashi-Ukwu and Oyede in Delta State as well as Ikpeshi and Afuze in Edo State for drilling mud formulation. The American Petroleum Institute (API) Standard for drilling mud formulation was adopted using 350 ml of water and 21.0 g of fresh unweathered clay samples collected at 5 ft depth from the mentioned location. The Clay Samples were processed (Weighed, dried, and sieved) and the drilling mud formulated with other additives (Carboxyl Methyl Cellulose, NaOH and Barite). The results from the four samples showed that the pH of Ikpeshi was alkaline while the other samples were acidic. When the mud was mixed with NaOH at 0.5 g, 1.0 g, 1.5 g, 2.0 g, 2.5 g and 3.0 g, the pH rose to 13 and 14 for the Ikpeshi and Ogwashi-Ukwu, while the pH values of the mud formulated with the standard clay gave 9 and increased to 13 when 3.0g of NaOH was added.  The mud densities for the four mud samples formulated were within 8.40 to 8.60ppg before addition of chemical additives. After beneficiation addition with Barite, the densities of the four formulated mud rose and almost equal to that of the standard mud of 8.95 ppg at 3 g additive. The plastic viscosity of  the locally formulated mud were within 1 to 2 cp before adding cmc and increased to 30cp for Ikpeshi mud, 27 cp for Ogwashi-Ukwu, 17 cp for Afuze and 18 cp for Oyede. The filtration rate for Afuze and Ikpeshi mud was 33 ml and 36 ml for 30 mins and may need additional filtration agent to be up to standard. The results have shown that the Nigeria Clay can be used with beneficiation. Therefore, the production of mud materials locally, should be encourage to reduce the cost of drilling by avoiding importation.
Formulation and Physicochemical Characterization of Glibenclamide Solid Dispersion Using Various Carriers
Authors: Rahman Mst. Mahfuza , Nupur Monia Akter , Barman Ranjan Kumar , Khan Md. Rafiqul Islam , Iwao Yashunori , Wahed Mir Imam Ibne
Published: August 2022

Aims: Glibenclamide is an oral hypoglycemic agent exhibits inadequate aqueous solubility resulting in poor and unpredictable bioavailability. The study was designed to enhance the solubility and dissolution of glibenclamide by solid dispersion.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh between June 2017 and July 2018.

Methodology: Solid dispersions of glibenclamide were prepared by solvent evaporation technique using mixture of PEG-8000, sodium citrate, HPMC as additives in different ratios and subsequently, in-vitro dissolution studies were performed. The characterization of solid dispersions was done by Differential Scanning Calorimetry, Powder X-ray Diffractometer, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscope.

Results: Out of twelve formulations, the GCHP-4 composed of glibenclamide: HPMC: Na-citrate: PEG-8000 1:1:1:1) demonstrated highest percentage of yield (87.76%) and encapsulation efficiency (95.68%). The maximum dissolution of glibenclamide obtained from GCHP-4 (3.34 µg/ml), which was 5.2-fold higher than that of pure glibenclamide (0.64 µg/ml) at 120 min. The mechanism of increased solubility of glibenclamide from solid dispersion might be resulted due to the conversion of its crystalline form into amorphous state and no interaction between drug and carriers which was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy respectively.

Conclusion: The dissolution rate of glibenclamide was greatly increased when loaded in solid dispersions which might be responsible for the improvement of its bioavailability in aqueous medium.
“Bicha burra nasce hétera”
Authors: Balduino Diogo Maicon Krevoniz
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem o objetivo de investigar quais identidades são consideradas interacionalmente relevantes; para isso utiliza como metodologia de trabalho a Análise de Conversa e a Análise de Categorias de Pertença. O banco de dados é composto por transcrições de interações ocorridas durante uma viagem de fim de semana entre um grupo de amigos. O foco da análise está em uma atividade específica: um jogo de beber que apresenta memes brasileiros que na época eram populares entre os membros da comunidade LGBTQIA+. A pesquisa revela que os participantes negociam suas identidades por meio do uso de complexas categorias que fluem da forma gramatical masculina para a feminina (e vice-versa) para os mesmos referentes, bem como pela reapropriação de termos injuriosos — destacando, assim, os complexos vínculos entre a linguagem e a construção e negociação de identidades. Ao relatar como os falantes de português brasileiro negociam localmente suas identidades na interação, este artigo ilustra como a combinação da AC e ACP pode ser uma abordagem frutífera para guiar estudos identitários.
Além do binário
Authors: De Oliveira Bento da Silva Jude , Eloi Carla Luã
Published: August 2022

Este texto é uma tradução do trabalho de conclusão de curso de Lori Puopolo. (PUOPOLO, 2018) Em seu estudo, e autore se baseia em pesquisas que analisam como profissionais da medicina e da saúde mental utilizam a visão transmedicalista para limitar o acesso de pessoas trans a tratamentos de afirmação de gênero, com a finalidade de compreender como os discursos propagados por eles afetam, especificamente, o acesso de pessoas não binárias ao processo transexualizador. Desse modo, Puopolo observa que enquanto esses especialistas usam um discurso dominante sobre indivíduos transvestigeneres para regular os corpos de sujeitos não binários, esses sujeitos internalizam essas mesmas falas e, por isso, também atrasam seus próprios tratamentos. Puopolo descobre que a internet é o meio de comunicação usado por essas pessoas não binárias para discutir e se informar sobre as possibilidades da transição, notando que à medida que elas têm acesso a mais explicações, elas se tornam mais dispostas a procurar pelos tratamentos desejados.
Fotografias e Monstros
Authors: Carvalho Lina Ferrari de , Oliveira João Manuel de
Published: August 2022

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as fotografias de Diane Arbus, especificamente os (des)enquadramentos dos corpos freaks/monstruosos. Para isso, inicialmente, problematizamos a ética na fotografia e sua utilização como um dispositivo disciplinar que reifica a norma, principalmente quando se trata do controle e da vigilância dos corpos. Posteriormente, analisamos a vida e algumas obras de Diane, além da relação que a fotógrafa estabelecia com as pessoas fotografadas. Foi possível identificar nas fotos desta artista uma “outra” estética que abre fissuras epistemológicas ao queer e crip e rompe com enquadramentos fotográficos históricos de captura dos corpos freaks/monstruosos a partir das lentes da espetacularização e/ou da tragédia. As fotografias de Arbus permitem que vejamos corpos não passíveis de serem aprisionados e retratam existências que rechaçam a norma; corpos monstruosos desejantes, vidas vivíveis.
Ataques recentes às perspectivas das interseccionalidades
Authors: Colling Leandro
Published: August 2022

O artigo destaca a importância das interseccionalidades e critica textos de Wilson Gomes e de Richard Miskolci que atacam ativistas e movimentos identitários no Brasil que usam perspectivas interseccionais em suas lutas. Foram analisadas as reflexões do primeiro autor, publicadas no site da Revista Cult, e o livro Batalhas morais, de autoria do segundo. Conclui-se que os autores responsabilizam os movimentos sociais identitários, especialmente quando atuam em perspectivas interseccionais, por problemas na democracia e pela ascensão da extrema direita no Brasil.
What All Physicians Need to Know About the Polio Resurgence in New York State
Authors: Larkin Howard
Published: August 2022

This Medical News article discusses the first reported instance of polio in the US since 2013.
The Inflation Reduction Act Is a Foot in the Door for Containing Health Care Costs
Authors: Levitt Larry
Published: August 2022

This JAMA Forum discusses prior health care reform attempts and one of the major provisions, the power of the government to negotiate the prices of some drugs in Medicare, of the Inflation Reduction Act.
Recent Progresses in Wearable Triboelectric Nanogenerators
Authors: Dassanayaka Dumindu G. , Alves Tiago M. , Wanasekara Nandula D. , Dharmasena Ishara G. , Ventura João
Published: August 2022

Integrating electronics with clothing and the human body to support people's lifestyle is quickly becoming a reality. Some of these electronics, including health sensors, communication devices, and personal electronics, contain the potential to revolutionize life in the future. One of the most demanding aspects of such electronic designs is their power supply systems, which necessitate not only a continuous power supply, but also wearable characteristics and durability, which many conventional power‐supply methods have failed to fulfill. The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which depends on static charging between materials, can convert mechanical vibrations into electricity. TENGs are foreseen as a leading candidate to power wearable electronics due to their advantages such as high instantaneous power outputs and efficiency, low cost, ease of fabrication, lightweight, and wearability. This paper is a comprehensive review on the most prominent wearable TENG categories; textiles‐based TENGs for clothing applications, footwear‐incorporated TENG designs, and other TENG accessories. Herein, the most important developments in these categories, with a focus on their materials, fabrication, features, advantages, and drawbacks, are examined. Finally, a detailed analysis is provided on the main challenges impeding the progress of wearable TENGs with the insights into potential improvement techniques, targeting the widespread commercialization of this technology.
Intergranular Diffusion‐Assisted Liquid‐Phase Chemical Vapor Deposition for Wafer‐Scale Synthesis of Patternable 2D Semiconductors
Authors: Seo Jihyung , Kim Jiha , Lee Junghyun , Koo Donghwan , Jeong Gyujeong , Choi Yunseong , Son Eun bin , Park Hyesung
Published: August 2022

2D semiconductors have attracted considerable interest in the quest to overcome some of the challenges associated with 3D bulk semiconductors. The application of 2D semiconductors in transistor‐based electronic devices requires a reliable patterning technology with thickness controllability for continued transistor scaling. In this study, a facile synthesis approach is developed that allows direct patterning of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with thickness controllability at the wafer scale through intergranular diffusion‐assisted liquid‐phase chemical vapor deposition using a sacrificial metal layer. By depositing a liquid‐phase transition metal precursor onto the pre‐patterned polycrystalline Ni/SiO2 substrate, a directly patterned transition metal layer can be formed on SiO2 via intergranular diffusion through the Ni grain boundaries, enabling the growth of patternable TMDs with a controllable thickness. The as‐synthesized directly patterned WS2 transistor exhibits typical n‐type transport behavior with a stable photoswitching performance. The proposed patterning technique can make the application of 2D semiconductors in advanced electronic devices more viable.
Magnetostrictive and Electroconductive Stress‐Sensitive Functional Spider Silk
Authors: Spizzo Federico , Greco Gabriele , Del Bianco Lucia , Coïsson Marco , Pugno Nicola M.
Published: August 2022

Electronics and soft robotics demand the development of a new generation of hybrid materials featuring novel properties. Among these, remarkable mechanical properties are required to sustain mechanical stresses, and electrical and magnetic properties are essential to design the devices’ interface. In this study, a hybrid material is presented, consisting of a spider silk thread, providing mechanical robustness, coated with a layer of a magnetostrictive FeCo alloy, which ensures both electrical conductivity and stress‐sensitive magnetic properties. The durability and the homogeneity of the composite are validated, as well as its ability to respond to magnetic and mechanical stimuli. Despite the coating, the soft nature of the silk and its mechanical performances are preserved. The magnetic study reveals that the magnetic behavior of the film is strongly affected by the silk thread–FeCo layer interaction, especially under mechanical stresses. Indeed, when the composite is subjected to tensile strain, the magnetic signal changes accordingly, indicating that the layer–silk interaction is maintained and can be exploited to reveal the tensional state of the sample even under severe cycles. Therefore, the presented hybrid material is a flexible fiber with properties that are suitable for magneto‐electronics applications, e.g., magnetic actuators as well as strain/stress sensors.
Inhibition of H2 and O2 Recombination: The Key to a Most Efficient Single‐Atom Co‐Catalyst for Photocatalytic H2 Evolution from Plain Water
Authors: Hwang Imgon , Mazare Anca , Will Johannes , Yokosawa Tadahiro , Spiecker Erdmann , Schmuki Patrik
Published: August 2022

In the present work, it is shown that anodic TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) can be decorated with Pt, Pd, Rh, and Au single atoms (SAs) by a simple “dark deposition” approach. Such TiO2 NTs with surface trapped noble metal SAs provide a high activity for photocatalytic H2 generation from pure water, i.e., in absence of a sacrificial agent. However, noble metals also act as active centers in the undesired hydrogen back‐oxidation (H2 + O2 → H2O), leading to a decrease in the overall photocatalytic H2 production efficiency. Here it is reported that the use of noble metal co‐catalysts, in the form of single atoms, can inhibit this recombination. From the different noble‐metal SAs investigated, Pd SAs yield the highest H2 production rate of 0.381 µmol h−1 cm−1 at a density of 0.41 × 105 Pd atoms µm−2. Overall, the results provide a path to a highly efficient photocatalytic performance for water splitting by the suppression of the H2/O2 recombination, which can be effectively achieved using Pd in the form of SAs as photocatalytic co‐catalysts.
Near‐Infrared Light‐Emitting Diodes from Organic Radicals with Charge Control
Authors: Cho Hwan‐Hee , Kimura Shun , Greenham Neil C. , Tani Yuki , Matsuoka Ryota , Nishihara Hiroshi , Friend Richard H. , Kusamoto Tetsuro , Evans Emrys W.
Published: August 2022

Organic radicals with fluorescence from doublet‐spin energy manifolds circumvent efficiency limits from singlet–triplet photophysics in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). The singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) in radicals enables the higher potential performance. The SOMO also presents substantially lower energy frontier orbitals compared to conventional fluorescent emitters for device operation, which can cause severe electron trapping that limits the performance of radical OLEDs. To improve optoelectronic performance, electron donor–acceptor‐mixed hosts are used to control charge transport for enhanced radical electroluminescence by charge recombination on SOMO and frontier orbitals. The (2‐chloro‐3‐pyridyl)bis(2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methyl‐based radical is designed to test the charge‐controlled device architectures in OLEDs by transient analysis and device characterization studies. Efficient radical OLEDs with 4.7% maximum external quantum efficiency are reported—showing substantial advances in performance for OLEDs with peak emission beyond 800 nm. In addition, substantially improved performance at higher current density operation and more than two orders of higher lifetime stability are achieved with mixed hosts. These results enable pathways to infrared‐emitting devices with applications ranging from communications to bioimaging.
Color Palette Tactic for Multicolor Electrochromics Enabled by Electrolyte Thermochromic Engineering
Authors: Xing Xing , Wang Mi , Meng Hong
Published: August 2022

Electrochromism is a reversible color change triggered by the external electrical field, which can be utilized in smart windows, displays, etc. The ability to display multiple colors in a single electrochromic device is highly beneficial for the versatile applications of the electrochromic technique. Yet, achieving the ability to adopt multiple colors in one electrochromic device has proven to be a challenging task by merely using the conventional chemical structure engineering of the electrochromic materials. In this study, a thermochromic electrolyte is introduced. A multicolor electrochromic prototype device is produced by integrating the thermochromic engineered electrolyte together with electrochromic material in which both can independently contribute to the coloring of the device. This “color palette” strategy gives an additional degree of freedom and extensive flexibility to the design of multicolor electrochromic devices. It introduces a new pathway for producing multicolor electrochromic devices and removes a bottleneck imposed by conventional strategies merely depending on the electrochromic material structure engineering. Moreover, it inspires further development of electrolytes, that share the responsibility of tuning the optical properties of electrochromic devices together with the electrochromic materials, thereby accelerating and diversifying the applications of electrochromics in industry.
Preserving High‐Q Lattice Plasmon Resonances for Poor Spatial Coherence of Light: Application in Enhanced Second Harmonic Generation
Authors: Zhu Yisong , Yuan Qingchen , Yu Peng , Movsesyan Artur , Li Peihang , Caputo Roberto , Govorov Alexander O. , Gan Xuetao , Wang Zhiming
Published: August 2022

Surface lattice plasmon resonances (SLPR) in periodic arrays of metal nanostructures can feature a narrow spectral linewidth in case of the spectral overlap between the localized plasmons and Rayleigh anomalies. However, because of strong angular dispersion in experimental realizations, the excitation of SLPR requires collimated light, which has high spatial coherence. Here, excellent quality (Q)‐factor preservation in 1D all‐metallic nanograting metasurfaces due to the unique angular dispersion is reported. A high Q‐factor around 400 is obtained even when poor collimation, a numerical aperture (NA) objective with NA = 0.4, is employed for focusing the excitation light. With the advantages of highly focused excitation and high Q‐factor of the SLPR, a strong enhancement of second harmonic generation is realized from the proposed metasurface integrated with a few‐layers of GaSe flake. The results demonstrate that a 1D all‐metallic nanograting metasurface can overcome the demand for collimated light for the SLP resonances and manipulate focused light beams. The avenue of research proposed in this paper can open the door for the use of plasmonic metamaterials with SLPRs in many practical applications involving poorly coherent light sources, like the optoelectronic devices utilizing solar and daylight illuminations.
Blue‐Light‐Excited Lead‐Free Double Perovskite Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6/xKBr(KI) at Room Temperature and Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Gong Xiao‐Kai , Li Lan , Xu Jian‐Ping , Ding Ru‐Kun , Zhang Zhao‐Wei , Li Qian , Liu Long , Zhang Xiao‐Song
Published: August 2022

Lead‐free halide double perovskites continue to draw increasing attention in view of their nontoxicity and stability compared to lead‐based perovskites. High‐end full‐color displays and white light illumination are based on blue‐light excitation. However, the excitation of blue light of lead‐free halide double perovskites Cs2AgInCl6 at room temperature faces a great challenge, which is crucial to its commercial application. In this study, Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6/xKBr(KI), which can be excited under blue light, have been synthesized by solid‐phase compression method. Under blue‐light excitation, Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6/16KBr and Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6/16KI emit 605 nm orange light and 665 nm red light, respectively. Based on that, orange and red light‐emitting devices are fabricated excited by blue light. The performance of blue‐light excitation can not only make the double perovskites widely used in light‐emitting devices, but also as a light‐emitting down‐shift layer in photovoltaic devices to improve the performance of photovoltaic modules. With the Cs2Ag0.6Na0.4In0.8Bi0.2Cl6/16KBr, the power conversion efficiency of the Si solar cell increases 4.80% and 8.14% under the sunlight and white light‐emitting devices, respectively. The blue‐light excitation of lead‐free double perovskites at room temperature offers greater development potential in the field of display devices and optoelectronics.
Broadband Chiro‐Optical Effects for Futuristic Meta‐Holographic Displays
Authors: Khaliq Hafiz Saad , Kim Joohoon , Naeem Taimoor , Riaz Kashif , Badloe Trevon , Seong Junhwa , Akbar Jehan , Zubair Muhammad , Mehmood Muhammad Qasim , Massoud Yehia , Rho Junsuk
Published: August 2022

Futuristic holographic displays will essentially require broadband chiro‐optical effects for medical imaging, virtual reality, smart security, and optical encryption. However, conventional metasurfaces cannot provide such on‐chip realization of broadband chiro‐optical effects. Moreover, the simultaneous conversion of amplitude, polarization, and phase (APP) at optical wavelengths to introduce giant chirality has not been realized yet. In this paper, a planar all‐dielectric metasurface is proposed incorporating extra degrees of freedom to comprehend the conversion of APP with broadband chiro‐optical effects in terms of giant asymmetric transmission with maximum efficiency of ≈77% at the wavelength of 567 nm. The underlying mechanism behind induced chiro‐optical effects is also investigated using higher‐order multipolar dielectric resonances. Moreover, experimental validation is performed using the reproduced polarization‐encrypted meta‐holograms at broadband visible wavelengths. This work expands the scope of meta‐nanophotonics with potential applications in bioimaging and polarization‐encrypted displays for healthcare and smart security applications.
Enhanced Thermal Stability and Energy Transfer by Crystal‐Field Engineering in a Garnet Phosphor for Thermometry and NIR‐LED
Authors: Zhou Luhui , Lyu Zeyu , Sun Dashuai , Shen Sida , Tan Taixing , Wang Lixuan , Zhao Hanwei , You Hongpeng
Published: August 2022

It is of significant importance to tailor the luminescent properties of Cr3+ ions as efficient near‐infrared (NIR) emitter for extended optical applications. Here, crystal field engineering is explored to tailor the luminescent properties of a Cr3+‐doped garnet, Lu2Ca1 ‐ xSrxAl4SiO12 (x = 0–1). As Ca2+ is substituted by Sr2+, the emission of Cr3+ becomes sharper with longer lifetime, indicating that the 2Eg→4A2g transition becomes dominant. More importantly, the thermal stability is greatly improved, as the emission intensity at 480 K increases from 83% to 111% of that at 300 K. Moreover, the efficiency of the energy transfer from the Cr3+ to Yb3+/Nd3+ increases from 60–70% to 80–90%. The intensity ratio of I810/I706 from the Lu2SrAl4SiO12:Cr3+,Nd3+ can be applied to thermometry, with the maximum relative sensitivity value of 1.43% K–1 at 303 K. Compared with the blue emission from light‐emitting diode (LED) chip, a clearer and more accurate imaging is established with NIR emission from Cr3+. Furthermore, the intensity ratio of the emissions from the Cr3+ and Yb3+ ions is applied to differentiate pork, chicken, and beef. These findings provide an avenue to optimize the thermal stability and energy transfer of Cr3+‐activated NIR emitters for the applications in thermometry and NIR‐LED.
Emerging Ultraviolet Persistent Luminescent Materials
Authors: Wang Xianli , Mao Yuanbing
Published: August 2022

Ultraviolet (UV, 200–400 nm) persistent luminescence (PersL) is an emerging topic of luminescent materials due to their “self‐sustainable” high‐photon‐energy characteristics. Although the family of UV PersL materials is fast‐growing, especially in the past few years, an overview on the current status in terms of material development, mechanism investigation, promising applications, research challenges, future directions, and the correlations of these aspects is absent. Many potential applications of UV PersL have recently been demonstrated and proposed depending on where UV PersL falls in the UVA (315–400 nm), UVB (280–315 nm), or UVC (200–280 nm) range. Hence, here the state‐of‐the‐art UV PersL materials, the theoretical and experimental attempts and explanations of UV PersL mechanisms, and strategies utilized to improve UV PersL performance are summarized. Also their unprecedented application promises spanning “solar‐blind” tagging (“glow‐in‐the‐bright” tagging), persistent disinfection, persistent photocatalysis, and “device‐free” skin phototherapy that are beyond the capabilities of the “glow‐in‐the‐dark” visible and infrared PersL are discussed. Facing challenges in understanding their complicated mechanisms, meeting their high charging requirement, and easing the public concerns, a bright future for UV PersL materials from lab to market is envisaged.