bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXHIBITION REVIEWS
Authors: Tedford Catherine , Glessing Jill , Fotiadi Eva
Published: June 2012

STUCK UP: A SELECTED HISTORY OF ALTERNATIVE & POP CULTURE TOLD THROUGH STICKERS Curated by DB Burkeman, first exhibited at SCOPE Art Fair, Miami, FL, 29 November–4 December 2011. Traveling to Maxwell Colette Gallery, Chicago, IL, 20 January–3 March 2012; 323East Gallery,
Royal Oak, MI, 24 March–15 April 2012; U.G.L.Y. Gallery, New Bedford, MA, 21 April–4 May 2012; and other venues.

STICKERS: FROM PUNK ROCK TO CONTEMPORARY ART, DB BURKEMAN, WITH MONICA LOCASCIO New York: Rizzoli (2010), 300 pp., ISBN 978-0-7893-2081-0, Paperback, US$35.00

SANJA
IVEKOVIĆ: SWEET VIOLENCE Curated by Roxana Marcoci, Museum of Modern Art, New York, 18 December 2011 – 26 March 2012

RECOLLECTIONS, PARTI: BEWOGEN BEWEGING (1961) AND DYLABY (1962) Curated by Margriet Schavemaker, Stedelijk Museum Amsterdam/Temporary Stedelijk 2, 3 March–8
July 2011
WEBSITE REVIEW
Authors: Rounthwaite Hilary
Published: June 2012

THE JEALOUS CURATOR Blogger, Danielle Krysa, www.thejealouscurator.com/blog/, 2009–date

ART FAG CITY Editorial Director, Paddy Johnson, www.artfagcity.com/, 2005–date
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Zebarjad Negin , Langill Caroline Seck , Roberts Cynthia
Published: June 2012

THE FUTURE OF TRADITION – THE TRADITION OF FUTURE: 100 YEARS AFTER THE EXHIBITION MASTERPIECES OF MUHAMMADAN ART IN MUNICH, CHRIS DERCON, LEÓN KREMPEL AND AVINOAM SHALEM (EDS) Munich/London: Haus der Kunst/Prestel (2010), ISBN 978-3-7913-5085-1, 128 pp., Hardback, US$49.95

RETHINKING
CURATING: ART AFTER NEW MEDIA, BERYL GRAHAM AND SARAH COOK Cambridge, MA: MIT Press (2010), 376 pp., ISBN 978-0-262-01388-8, Hardback, US$34.95

CURATING ARCHITECTURE AND THE CITY, SARAH CHAPLIN AND ALEXANDRA STARA (EDS) London and New York: Routledge (2009), 272 pp., ISBN10: 0-415-48983-0,
Paperback, US$53.95
CONFERENCE REVIEWS
Authors: Ashmore Nicola , Schäfer Friederike
Published: June 2012

EXHIBITIONISM: A SYMPOSIUM ON QUEER CURATORIAL PRACTICES Organized by John David Rhodes and Pawel Leszkowicz. Sponsored by the Centre for Visual Fields and the Centre for the Study of Sexual Dissidence and Cultural Change at the University of Sussex, and the Royal Pavilion & Museums,
Brighton & Hove. Held at the Old Courthouse, Brighton, UK, 16 November 2011.

BEYOND THE WHITE CUBE? AUSSTELLUNGS ARCHITEKTUR, RAUMGESTALTUNG UND INSZENIERUNG HEUTE Symposium organized by Diana Brinkmeyer, Anke Kugelmann, Christina Landbrecht and Philip Norten, Berlinische Galerie, Landesmuseum
fr Moderne Kunst, Fotografie und Architektur, Berlin, 25 March 2011
A Republican Natural History in Spain around 1900: Odón Buen (1863–1945) and His Audiences
Authors: Nieto-Galan Agustí
Published: June 2012

This paper discusses the political dimension of Odón de Buen's (1863–1945) expository practices—teaching and popularizing—as a university professor of natural history in Barcelona and later in Madrid at the turn of the nineteenth century. De Buen appropriated Ernst Haeckel's ideas on evolution in order to promote an ambitious political agenda, based on republican, freethinking, anticlerical values. To that end, he moved beyond the confines of academic science within the university and sought to bring modern concepts of natural history into elementary schools, athenaeums, political clubs and associations, scientific trips, popular books, periodicals, and the daily press. In such places, de Buen's natural history acted as an intellectual weapon with which to confront the conservative monarchic attitudes of the Spanish Restoration, but it also provided a moral backing to a society, which felt backward in terms of science and technology and was desperately seeking new sources of inspiration and national pride.
From Mechanical Objectivity to Instrumentalizing Theory: Inventing Radio Ionospheric Sounders
Authors: Yeang Chen-Pang
Published: June 2012

While the discovery of the ionosphere through wireless communications technology in the mid-1920s had built a close connection between atmospheric science and radio, the full-fledged use of radio waves as a geophysical probe did not start until an instrumental development occurred a few years later. This article examines this advance, which centered on the invention of radio sounders of the ionosphere. Like the earlier radio experiments on the ionosphere, the sounders bounced radio waves off the upper atmosphere and inferred its properties from the returns. But the new apparatuses contained valuable innovations. In the 1930s, researchers at American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T), Britain's Radio Research Board (RRB), the Technical University of Munich, and the U.S. National Bureau of Standards (NBS) automated data recording with oscilloscopic displays and inscription gadgets. They also devised control mechanisms to synchronize the acquisition of data with the change of transmitting signals. On the one hand, such automation was consistent with Lorraine Daston and Peter Galison's "mechanical objectivity," which minimizes human interference, makes experiments repeatable, and reduces personal equations, most notably perhaps with the Bureau of Standards' automatic single-frequency sounder. On the other hand, however, the automation also embodied mechanically theory-laden experimental procedures—it instrumentalized a theory that underlay the experimental scheme. The British and Americans' sweep-frequency recorder reckoned precisely the mandate of the magneto-ionic theory, the dominant model of radio-wave propagation. The sweep-frequency recorder incorporated the magneto-ionic theory by producing an easy-to-measure critical condition that the theory had predicted.
Elucidating the identity and behavior of spermatogenic stem cells in the mouse testis
Authors: Yoshida Shosei
Published: June 2012

Spermatogenesis in mice and other mammalians is supported by a robust stem cell system. Stem cells maintain themselves and continue to produce progeny that will differentiate into sperm over a long period. The pioneering studies conducted from the 1950s to the 1970s, which were based largely on extensive morphological analyses, have established the fundamentals of mammalian spermatogenesis and its stem cells. The prevailing so-called Asingle(As) model, which was originally established in 1971, proposes that singly isolated Asspermatogonia are in fact the stem cells. In 1994, the first functional stem cell assay was established based on the formation of repopulating colonies after transplantation in germ cell-depleted host testes, which substantially accelerated the understanding of spermatogenic stem cells. However, because testicular tissues are dissociated into single-cell suspension before transplantation, it was impossible to evaluate the Asand other classical models solely by this technique. From 2007 onwards, functional assessment of stem cells without destroying the tissue architecture has become feasible by means of pulse-labeling and live-imaging strategies. Results obtained from these experiments have been challenging the classical thought of stem cells, in which stem cells are a limited number of specialized cells undergoing asymmetric division to produce one self-renewing and one differentiating daughter cells. In contrast, the emerging data suggest that an extended and heterogeneous population of cells exhibiting different degrees of self-renewing and differentiating probabilities forms a reversible, flexible, and stochastic stem cell system as a population. These features may lead to establishment of a more universal principle on stem cells that is shared by other systems.
Bovine preimplantation embryos with silenced nucleophosmin mRNA are able to develop until the blastocyst stage
Authors: Toralová Tereza , Benešová Veronika , Kepková Kateřina Vodičková , Vodička Petr , Šušor Andrej , Kaňka Jiří
Published: June 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of silencing nucleophosmin in the development ofin vitro-produced bovine embryos. Nucleophosmin is an abundant multifunctional nucleolar phosphoprotein that participates, for example, in ribosome biogenesis or centrosome duplication control. We showed that although the transcription of embryonic nucleophosmin started already at late eight-cell stage, maternal protein was stored throughout the whole preimplantation development and was sufficient for the progression to the blastocyst stage. At the beginning of embryogenesis, translation occurs on maternally derived ribosomes, the functionally active nucleoli emerge during the fourth cell cycle in bovines. We found that nucleophosmin localisation reflected the nucleolar formation during bovine preimplantation development. The protein was detectable from the beginning of embryonic development. Before embryonic genome activation, it was dispersed throughout the nucleoplasm. The typical nucleolar localisation emerged with the formation of active nucleoli. At the blastocyst stage, nucleophosmin tended to localise especially to the trophectoderm. To see for how long is maternal nucleophosmin preserved, we silenced the nucleophosmin mRNA using RNA interference approach. Although a large portion of nucleophosmin was degraded in embryos with silenced nucleophosmin mRNA, an amount sufficient for normal development was preserved and we detected only a temporal delay in nucleophosmin relocalisation to nucleoli. Moreover, we observed no defects in nuclear shape or cytoskeleton previously found in somatic cells and only a non-significant decrease in embryonic developmental competence. Thus, our results show that the preserved amount of maternal nucleophosmin is sufficient for preimplantation development of bovine embryo.
Conjugated linoleic acids attenuate FSH- and IGF1-stimulated cell proliferation; IGF1, GATA4, and aromatase expression; and estradiol-17β production in buffalo granulosa cells involving PPARγ, PTEN, and PI3K/Akt
Authors: Sharma Isha , Singh Dheer
Published: June 2012

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has drawn much interest in last two decades in the area ranging from anticancer activity to obesity. A number of research papers have been published recently with regard to CLA's additional biological functions as reproductive benefits. However, not much is known how this mixture of isomeric compounds mediates its beneficial effects particularly on fertility. In this study, we demonstrated the cross talk between downstream signaling of CLA and important hormone regulators of endocrine system, i.e. FSH and IGF1, on buffalo granulosa cell function (proliferation and steroidogenesis). Experiments were performed in primary serum-free buffalo granulosa cell culture, where cells were incubated with CLA in combination with FSH (25 ng/ml) and IGF1 (50 ng/ml). Results showed that 10 μM CLA inhibits FSH- and IGF1-induced granulosa cell proliferation; aromatase,GATA4, andIGF1mRNA; and estradiol-17β production. Western blot analysis of total cell lysates revealed that CLA intervenes the IGF1 signaling by decreasing p-Akt. In addition, CLA was found to upregulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARG) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) level in granulosa cells. Further study using PPARG- and PTEN-specific inhibitors supports the potential role of CLA in granulosa cell proliferation and steroidogenesis involving PPARG, PTEN, and PI3K/Akt pathway.
The expression, regulation and function of secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich in the follicle–luteal transition
Authors: Joseph Chitra , Hunter Morag G , Sinclair Kevin D , Robinson Robert S
Published: June 2012

The role of the tissue remodelling protein, secreted protein, acidic, cysteine-rich (SPARC), in key processes (e.g. cell reorganisation and angiogenesis) that occur during the follicle–luteal transition is unknown. Hence, we investigated the regulation of SPARC in luteinsing follicular cells and potential roles of SPARC peptide 2.3 in a physiologically relevant luteal angiogenesis culture system. SPARC protein was detected mainly in the theca layer of bovine pre-ovulatory follicles, but its expression was considerably greater in the corpus haemorrhagicum. Similarly, SPARC protein (western blotting) was up-regulated in luteinising granulosa but not in theca cells during a 6-day culture period. Potential regulatory candidates were investigated in luteinising granulosa cells: LH did not affect SPARC (P>0.05); transforming growth factor (TGF) B1 (P<0.001) dose dependently induced the precocious expression of SPARC and increased final levels: this effect was blocked (P<0.001) by SB505124 (TGFB receptor 1 inhibitor). Additionally, fibronectin, which is deposited during luteal development, increased SPARC (P<0.01). In luteal cells, fibroblast growth factor 2 decreased SPARC (P<0.001) during the first 5 days of culture, while vascular endothelial growth factor A increased its expression (P<0.001). Functionally, KGHK peptide, a SPARC proteolytic fragment, stimulated the formation of endothelial cell networks in a luteal cell culture system (P<0.05) and increased progesterone production (P<0.05). Collectively, these findings indicate that SPARC is intricately regulated by pro-angiogenic and other growth factors together with components of the extracellular matrix during the follicle–luteal transition. Thus, it is possible that SPARC plays an important modulatory role in regulating angiogenesis and progesterone production during luteal development.
DNA methylation and mRNA expression profiles in bovine oocytes derived from prepubertal and adult donors
Authors: Diederich Mike , Hansmann Tamara , Heinzmann Julia , Barg-Kues Brigitte , Herrmann Doris , Aldag Patrick , Baulain Ulrich , Reinhard Richard , Kues Wilfried , Weißgerber Christian , Haaf Thomas , Niemann Heiner
Published: June 2012

The developmental capacity of oocytes from prepubertal cattle is reduced compared with their adult counterparts, and epigenetic mechanisms are thought to be involved herein. Here, we analyzed DNA methylation in three developmentally important, nonimprinted genes (SLC2A1, PRDX1, ZAR1) and two satellite sequences, i.e. ‘bovine testis satellite I’ (BTS) and ‘Bos taurusalpha satellite I’ (BTαS). In parallel, mRNA expression of the genes was determined by quantitative real-time PCR. Oocytes were retrieved from prepubertal calves and adult cows twice per week over a 3-week period by ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration after treatment with FSH and/or IGF1. Both immature andin vitromatured prepubertal and adult oocytes showed a distinct hypomethylation profile of the three genes without differences between the two types of donors. The methylation status of the BTS sequence changed according to the age and treatment while the methylation status of BTαS sequence remained largely unchanged across the different age and treatment groups. Relative transcript abundance of the selected genes was significantly different in immature andin vitromatured oocytes; only minor changes related to origin and treatment were observed. In conclusion, methylation levels of the investigated satellite sequences were high (>50%) in all groups and showed significant variation depending on the age, treatment, orin vitromaturation. To what extent this is involved in the acquisition of developmental competence of bovine oocytes needs further study.
Measurement of Concentrations of Thioglycolic Acid, Dithiodiglycolic Acid and Ammonia in Indoor Air of a Beauty Salon
Authors: Oikawa Daisuke , Takeuchi Wataru , Murata Shinichiro , Takahashi Kazuyo , Sekine Yoshika
Published: June 2012

Measurement of Concentrations of Thioglycolic Acid, Dithiodiglycolic Acid and Ammonia in Indoor Air of a Beauty Salon: Daisuke OIKAWA, et al. Kankyo Research Co., Ltd.—

Objectives

Among the many chemicals used in a hair salon, exposure to thioglycolic acid (TGA) used for permanent waving solutions (PWS) potentially causes adverse health effects. However, no report has been previously published on the indoor air concentrations of TGA in a beauty salon that contributes to assessment of exposure to TGA of hairdressers and their customers. This study aimed to demonstrate the present concentration levels of TGA in indoor air of a beauty salon where the PWS containing ammonium thioglycolate was actually used for perm treatments.

Methods

A field measurement of TGA, dithiodiglycolic acid (DTDGA, a reaction product of TGA and cysteine residues of hair keratin) and ammonia was carried out in a beauty salon located at Tokyo, Japan, from June 30 to July 2. Both TGA and DTDGA were collected in water using an impinger and determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Results

The indoor air concentrations of TGA were below the limit of detection of 0.008 mg m−3 at every event and much lower than occupational safety guideline levels set by the NIOSH and ACGIH. Meanwhile, the concentrations of ammonia ranged from 0.15 to 0.87 mg m−3, and relatively higher concentrations were found during perm events and in samples collected near stations used for perm treatments. Concentrations of DTDGA varied from <0.026 mg m−3 to 0.75 mg m−3.

Conclusions

There was a different emission process of TGA and ammonia from PWS, and airborne TGA is not important as a possible exposure route for hairdressers and customers in this beauty salon.
Validation of a Novel, Objective Measure of Occupational Sitting
Authors: Ryde Gemma C. , Gilson Nicholas D. , Suppini Alessandro , Brown Wendy J
Published: June 2012

Validation of a Novel, Objective Measure of Occupational Sitting: Gemma C. RYDE, et al. St Lucia Campus, School of Human Movement Studies, The University of Queensland, Australia—

Objective

To test the validity of a sitting pad (SP) to measure desk based sitting time and transitions, against camera derived direct observation; and to compare the data with those from inclinometers in the ActivPAL3(AP) and ActiGraph GT3X+ (AG).

Methods

Australian employees (n=13; 9 women; mean age 30 ± 6.5 years) were provided with a SP, AG and AP in 2011. A camera recorded chair based transitions during a prescribed and a free living protocol. Mean sitting time and transitions were calculated for each device and intra‐class correlations (ICCs) and mean differences between (a) the SP and the camera and (b) the AP, AG and camera, were compared.

Results

During the prescribed protocol, the smallest mean differences compared with the camera were for the SP; sitting time 0.30 ± 0.21 minutes, transitions –0.46 ± 0.78. During free living, both the SP and AP (set to record events greater than 3 seconds) showed excellent levels of agreement with the camera for sitting time (0.999 and 0.990 respectively) and transitions (0.997 and 0.928 respectively). Agreement between the camera and the AG was poor for both sitting time and transitions (0.257 and 0.033 respectively).

Conclusions

The SP is a highly accurate measure of desk based sitting time and transitions and provides novel measurement and intervention opportunities for research into occupational sitting.
The hormonal system of the unicellular Tetrahymena: A review with evolutionary aspects
Authors: Csaba György
Published: July 2012

The unicellular ciliate,Tetrahymenahas receptors for hormones of the higher ranked animals, these hormones (e.g. insulin, triiodothyronine, ACTH, histamine, etc.) are also produced by it and it has signal pathways and second messengers for signal transmission. These components are chemically and functionally very similar to that of mammalian ones. The exogenously given hormones regulate different functions, as movement, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, cell growth, secretion, excretion and the cells’ own hormone production. The receptors are extremely sensitive, certain hormones are sensed (and response is provoked) at 10−21M concentration, which makes likely that the function could work by the effect of hormones produced by theTetrahymenaitself. The signal reception is selective, it can differentiate between closely related hormones. The review is listing the hormones produced by theTetrahymena, the receptors which can receive signals and the signal pathways and second messengers as well, as the known effects of mammalian hormones to the life functions ofTetrahymena. The possible and justified role of hormonal system in theTetrahymenaas a single cell and inside theTetrahymenapopulation, as a community is discussed. The unicellular hormonal system and mammalian endocrine system are compared and evolutionary conclusions are drawn.
Intraguild Predation between Lady Beetles and Lacewings: Outcomes and Consequences Vary with Focal Prey and Arena of Interaction
Authors: Noppe Christophe , Michaud J P , Clercq Patrick De
Published: July 2012

We examined reciprocal intraguild predation (IGP) and cannibalism among various combinations of Coleomegilla maculata DeGeer and Chrysoperla cornea Stephens larvae as they developed feeding on greenbugs, Schizaphis graminum Rondani, on sorghum plants in microcosms. Pairs of C. maculata larvae suppressed aphids better than pairs of C. carnea larvae or heterospecific larval pairs and yielded the highest rate of plant survival. IGP by C. carnea larvae occurred mostly in the first instar, whereas C. maculata larvae were more aggressive in later instars. Although C. carnea was the superior intraguild predator, winning 62.7% of contests in microcosms, this value increased to 88.9% when the experiment was repeated in petri dishes without plant material, regardless of whether greenbugs or eggs of Ephestia kuehniella Zeller were offered as focal prey. Provision in petri dishes of the sessile, higher quality prey (Ephestia) as opposed to greenbugs, improved the survival of solitary larvae and delayed cannibalism and IGP until later developmental stages in both species. Larvae of C. maculata that cannibalized took longer to develop and weighed less at pupation, independent of the arena or prey offered. Although larvae of C. carnea did not pay a cost for cannibalism or IGP in microcosms, there were some negative developmental effects of IGP in petri dishes, particularly on the Ephestia diet. These results illustrate how the plant, as a substrate, can mediate the strength of IGP interactions and how the relative suitability of the focal prey can influence both the timing and consequences of cannibalism and IGP.
Three New Species and a New Record of Cycloneuroterus (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) Inducing Galls on Cyclobalanopsis in Japan
Authors: Ide Tatsuya , Wachi Nakatada , Abe Yoshihisa
Published: July 2012

The following three new species of Cycloneuroterus Melika et Tang (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) from Japan are described: C. akagashiphilus from Quercus (Cyclobalanopsis) acuta and C. hisashii and C. arakashiphagus from Q. (C.) glauca. Quercus (C.) acuta is recorded as a host plant of Cynipini for the first time. Cycloneuroterus fortuitusus Tang et Melika, previously known from Taiwan, is newly recorded for Japan. A key to all eight recognized species of Cycloneuroterus is provided. The hitherto known five species of Cycloneuroterus were recorded in Taiwan only and four of them induce galls on the strictly Asian subgenus Cyclobalanopsis. Therefore, the discovery of the three new species of Cycloneuroterus in Japan confirms the close association between Cycloneuroterus and Cyclobalanopsis, and suggests the existence of the potentially diverse cynipid fauna on this subgenus in Asia. More extensive sampling is expected to reveal the species richness in the Cynipini in the region.
Early Leaf Abscission Has Little Effect on Larval Mortality of Ectoedemia cerviparadisicola (Lepidoptera, Nepticulidae) Associated with Quercus gilva
Authors: Shinozaki Yukari , Yamamoto Ayaka , Oishi Masako , Sato Hiroaki
Published: July 2012

There has been an argument as to whether early leaf abscission substantially affects larval mortality of leafminers because of leaf senescence. Recently, a study reported that leaf abscission considerably increased the mortality of a leafminer (Ectoedemia cerviparadisicola Sato, sp. nov.) associated with Quercus gilva (Blume) in Nara Park, central Japan, where sika deer (Cervus nippon (Temminck)) have been protected for 1,200 yr, because deer consumed many abscised leaves containing living larvae. The study, however, did not investigate the life history of the leafminer or survey the leaf-fall pattern of Q. gilva through the season, so that it failed to quantify larval mortality because of deer predation. To test whether deer have a substantial effect on larval mortality of this leafminer, we regularly collected abscised and nonabscised leaves of Q. gilva through the season, examining mines and larvae in those leaves. Over 90% of mined leaves abscised in the period of peak leaf fall, when almost all larvae had already emerged from mines to pupate. Most dead larvae in abscised leaves were judged to have already died at the time of abscission from their instars and body features. The proportion of living larvae in abscised leaves was estimated to be <1.8%. Thus, even when deer preyed upon all living larvae in abscised leaves, they would hardly contribute to the increase in larval mortality. These results indicate that the effect of leaf abscission on leafminer mortality via deer predation and other causes is limited. The leafminer was described as new to science in the Appendix.
Comparison of Herbicide Tactics to Minimize Species Shifts and Selection Pressure in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean
Authors: Johnson Gregg , Breitenbach Fritz , Behnken Lisa , Miller Ryan , Hoverstad Tom , Gunsolus Jeffrey
Published: July 2012

There are significant concerns over the long- and short-term implications of continuous glyphosate use and potential problems associated with weed species shifts and the development of glyphosate-resistant weed species. Field research was conducted to determine the effect of herbicide treatment and application timing on weed control in glyphosate-resistant soybean. Ten herbicide treatments were evaluated that represented a range of PPI, PRE, and POST-only application timings. All herbicide treatments included a reduced rate of glyphosate applied POST. PRE herbicides with residual properties followed by (fb) glyphosate POST provides more effective control of broadleaf weed species than POST-only treatments. There was no difference in soybean yield between PRE fb POST and POST-only treatments in 2008. Conversely, PRE fb POST herbicide treatments resulted in greater yield than POST-only treatments in 2009. Using PRE fb POST herbicide tactics improves weed control and reduces the risk for crop yield loss when dealing with both early- and late-emerging annual broadleaf weed species across variable cropping environments.
Preemergence Herbicides Influence Sprig Establishment of ‘TifEagle’ Bermudagrass
Authors: McCullough Patrick E. , Schwartz Brian M. , Grey Timothy , Webster Theodore
Published: July 2012

The presence of weeds during bermudagrass putting green establishment can reduce growth and turf quality. Three field experiments were conducted in Georgia to investigate efficacy of dimethenamid,S-metolachlor, and oxadiazon on the establishment of ‘TifEagle’ bermudagrass from sprigs. Dimethenamid at 0.85 and 1.7 kg ai ha−1,S-metolachlor at 1.1 and 2.2 kg ai ha−1, and oxadiazon at 1.1, 2.2, and 4.4 kg ai ha−1did not reduce bermudagrass cover from the untreated after 8 wk.S-metolachlor at 4.4 kg ha−1was the only treatment that reduced sprig cover from the untreated after 12 wk. AllS-metolachlor and oxadiazon treatments provided excellent (≥ 90%) green kyllinga control by 8 wk after treatment (WAT) while dimethenamid at 0.85, 1.7, and 3.4 kg ha−1provided 78, 85, and 92% control, respectively. Dimethenamid treatments provided poor control (< 70%) of spotted spurge but fair control (70 to 79%) was achieved fromS-metolachlor at 4.4 kg ha−1and oxadiazon at 2.2 and 4.4 kg ha−1by 8 WAT. Overall, low to middle rates of the herbicides tested appear to temporarily inhibit TifEagle bermudagrass sprig establishment but high rates of dimethenamid andS-metolachlor may reduce cover from the untreated.
Concise Drug Review: Pazopanib and Axitinib
Authors: van Geel Robin M.J.M. , Beijnen Jos H. , Schellens Jan H.M.
Published: June 2012

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify the current indications for pazopanib and axitinib.Describe the mechanism of action and the pharmacokinetics of pazopanib and axitinib.Enumerate the clinical benefits of pazopanib and axitinib, and describe the position of these drugs in the treatment paradigm of metastatic renal cell cancer.

CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Pazopanib and axitinib are both U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved ATP-competitive inhibitors of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor. Pazopanib and axitinib have been shown to be effective and tolerable treatment options for patients with metastatic renal cell cancer and therefore have enlarged the armamentarium for this disease. This concise drug review discusses the clinical benefits, clinical use, mechanism of action, bioanalysis, pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, pharmacodynamics, drug resistance, toxicity, and patient instructions and recommendations for supportive care for these two drugs.
Design forces for groups of six cylindrical silos by artificial neural network modelling
Authors: Yuksel Suleyman B. , Arslan Musa H.
Published: June 2012

A huge amount of various granular materials can be stored in and between the cells of grouped reinforced concrete cylindrical silos. The determination of design forces for reinforced concrete groups of six cylindrical silos requires significant computational effort owing to structural continuity and force transfer between adjacent silos. In this study, the efficiency of artificial neural network models in predicting the design forces and moments of groups of six cylindrical silos due to interstice loadings was investigated. Previously obtained finite-element analysis results in the literature were used to train and test the artificial neural network models. Each parameter (silo wall thickness, intersection wall thickness and the central angle spanning the intersection walls of the groups of six cylindrical silos) affecting design forces and moments was included in the input vector. The outputs of the artificial neural network models are the bending moments, hoop forces and shear forces at the supports and crowns of the interstice walls owing to interstice loadings. All artificial neural network models were trained and tested using 11 different three-layered back-propagation methods widely used in the literature. The results obtained demonstrated that all the back-propagation methods are capable of predicting the design forces and design moments at the interstice walls of the groups of six cylindrical silos.
Assessment of vibrations induced in factories by automated guided vehicles
Authors: Lee Chien-Liang , Wang Yen-Po , Su Ray Kai Leung
Published: June 2012

This study proposes a simplified sub-structural model to explore the floor micro-vibration induced by automated guided vehicles in thin-film transistor liquid crystal display factories. Time history analyses of a sequence of automated guided vehicles moving loads considering various car spacings on an equivalent three-span continuous beam model of a thin-film transitor liquid crystal display factory were simulated. The effectiveness of vibration control using viscoelastic dampers was also examined. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the simplified method can predict the measured floor vibration spectra with satisfactory accuracy and that the automated guided vehicles induced floor vibrations without control exceed the acceptable VC-B level required for the installation of specific precision process tools. The application of energy dissipation devices has shown to be effective in vibration mitigations as they enhance the damping characteristics of a multi-span floor system. The maximum response of the whole continuous beam induced by a group of automated guided vehicles can be effectively suppressed to a desired VC-B level if multiple viscoelastic dampers are implemented along the automated guided vehicles moving bay and the spacing between each automated guided vehicle is properly adjusted. The simplified analytical method can help engineers quickly assess the level of automated guided vehicles-induced floor vibration and assist in the design of low-vibration floor systems in high-technology factories.
Increased nitrogen cycling facilitates native forest regeneration: Potential for restoring extinct ecological processes?
Authors: Tanentzap Andrew J. , Lee William G. , Monks Adrian
Published: July 2012

Ecological processes often maintain the plant communities with which they have a long evolutionary association, and so their loss may favor invasions by nonnative species. We simulated the effects of fecal deposition and soil turnover by the extinct avian megafauna of New Zealand to test their influence on woody plant regeneration and nonnative plant invasion in a cool temperate rain forest. Hen manure increased soil available NO3−, leading to greater seedling regeneration relative to control plots. Although soil P was elevated within plots treated with hen manure, concentrations also increased within plots treated with liquid fertilizer, which did not have different seedling densities relative to controls. Simulated avian soil disturbance did not increase seedling densities, and none of the three treatments affected the proportion of woody seedlings that were nonnative. However, pretreatment variation in NO3− availability, which reflected longer‐term rates of nitrogen cycling, reduced community invasibility. Our findings suggest that avian‐derived nitrogen inputs increase the regeneration of native forests, raising the question of whether the functional role of extinct megaherbivores is absent in New Zealand.
Relationships Among Self-Efficacy, Social Support, Social Problem Solving, and Self-Management in a Rural Sample Living With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hunt Caralise W. , Wilder Barbara , Steele Michael M. , Grant Joan S. , Pryor Erica R. , Moneyham Linda
Published: July 2012

Self-management behaviors are important for control of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Therefore, determining factors that promote effective self-management behaviors may be significant for improving the well-being of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study examined relationships among self-efficacy, social support, social problem solving, and diabetes self-management behaviors. Further, this study evaluated whether social support and social problem solving were mediators of the relationship between self-efficacy and diabetes self-management behaviors in those living with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Using a cross-sectional, descriptive correlational design, data from a convenience sample of 152 rural people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus were examined. Findings indicated that self-efficacy was a strong predictor of diabetes self-management. The effect of social support on diabetes self-management differed among men and women in the sample. Social support and social problem solving were significantly associated with diabetes self-management in men. Neither social support nor social problem solving were mediators of the relationship between self-efficacy and diabetes self-management in this sample. These findings suggest that nurses need to consider implementing interventions to improve patients’ self-efficacy and potentially influence diabetes self-management.
Synthesis and root growth activity of some new acetylhydrazinecarbothioamides and 1,2,4-triazoles substituted with 5H-dibenzo[a,d]annulene moiety
Authors: Socea Laura , Apostol Theodora , Şaramet Gabriel , Bărbuceanu Ştefania , Draghici Constantin , Dinu Mihaela
Published: July 2012

New hydrazinecarbothioamides 5a-d bearing 5H-dibenzo[a,d]an-nulene moiety
were synthesized using classical procedures. 1H-NMR analysis indicated the
existence of two conformational isomers, a major axial (about 75%) and a
minor equatorial one (25%) which are interconvertible by middle ring
inversion. Cyclization of 5a-d compounds in NaOH solution produced the
corresponding 1,2,4-triazoles-3(4H)-thiol 6a-d compounds which proved to be
pure axial isomers. All the new compounds were extensively characterized by
elemental analysis, IR-, UV-, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy and biological
investigated using phytobiological tests.
Graeber Companies, Inc.: Examining Impairment of Equity-Owned Investments
Authors: Needles Belverd E
Published: June 2012

The Graeber Companies, Inc. case illustrates the implications of the Fair Value Measurements Standard (FASB ASC 820 or IFRS 13) and the Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities (FASB ASC 825 or IAS 39) on the accounting and auditing issues regarding fair value accounting. Based on an actual company's experience, the case provides an application of the new standards on fair value measurement, which is one major achievement of the FASB/IASB convergence project. Graeber Companies, Inc. is a 100-year-old financial boutique firm that, through its wholly owned and partially owned subsidiaries, is engaged in financial service activities. One of Graeber's proprietary investments is an equity investment in Advisor Group, Inc. (AGI)—an early stage development company. Students evaluate AGI's financial performance and strategic activities, including operating losses, issuance of preferred stock and proposed acquisitions by another investor company relative to its materiality, and potential impairment of Graeber Companies' equity-owned investment. The case study requires a determination of materiality of the equity investment and introduces students to the different valuation techniques such as Discounted Cash Flow Analysis, Public Market Analysis, Precedent Transaction Analysis, and the waterfall schedule method. The usefulness of these methods is then analyzed in determining the fair value of an investment in the situation where there have been no recent market transactions. Through analysis of the financial statements, relevant footnotes, and obtaining/obtained fair market value using different valuation approaches, students make a recommendation on materiality and on the fairness of the Graeber Companies management conclusion that no impairment of its investment in Advisor Group has taken place.
Rapid and Weight-Independent Improvement of Glucose Tolerance Induced by a Peptide Designed to Elicit Apoptosis in Adipose Tissue Endothelium
Authors: Kim Dong-Hoon , Sartor Maureen A. , Bain James R. , Sandoval Darleen , Stevens Robert D. , Medvedovic Mario , Newgard Christopher B. , Woods Stephen C. , Seeley Randy J.
Published: June 2012

A peptide designed to induce apoptosis of endothelium in white adipose tissue (WAT) decreases adiposity. The goal of this work is to determine whether targeting of WAT endothelium results in impaired glucose regulation as a result of impaired WAT function. Glucose tolerance tests were performed on days 2 and 3 of treatment with vehicle (HF-V) or proapoptotic peptide (HF-PP) and mice pair-fed to HF-PP (HF-PF) in obese mice on a high-fat diet (HFD). Serum metabolic variables, including lipid profile, adipokines, individual fatty acids, and acylcarnitines, were measured. Microarray analysis was performed in epididymal fat of lean or obese mice treated with vehicle or proapoptotic peptide (PP). PP rapidly and potently improved glucose tolerance of obese mice in a weight- and food intake–independent manner. Serum insulin and triglycerides were decreased in HF-PP relative to HF-V. Levels of fatty acids and acylcarnitines were distinctive in HF-PP compared with HF-V or HF-PF. Microarray analysis in AT revealed that pathways involved in mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative phosphorylation, and branched-chain amino acid degradation were changed by exposure to HFD and were reversed by PP administration. These studies suggest a novel role of the AT vasculature in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism.
Effect of Glycemia on Plasma Incretins and the Incretin Effect During Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Authors: Salehi Marzieh , Aulinger Benedict , D’Alessio David A.
Published: June 2012

The incretin effect, reflecting the enhancement of postprandial insulin secretion by factors including the intestinal hormones glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, increases in proportion to meal size. However, it is unknown whether the incretin effect is dependent on ambient glucose. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of plasma glycemia on the incretin effect. Thirteen healthy subjects consumed 50 g oral glucose solution mixed with d-xylose during fixed hyperglycemia at 8 and 10.5 mmol/L, on 3 separate days, twice at lower glycemia (LOW) and once at higher values (HIGH). The relative increase in insulin release after glucose ingestion at fixed hyperglycemia, a surrogate for the incretin effect, was similar among all three studies. The GLP-1 response to oral glucose was significantly lower at higher plasma glycemia, as was the appearance of d-xylose after the meal. Between the two LOW studies, the reproducibility of insulin release in response to intravenous glucose alone and intravenous plus ingested glucose was similar. These findings indicate that the incretin contribution to postprandial insulin release is independent of glycemia in healthy individuals, despite differences in GLP-1 secretion. The incretin effect is a reproducible trait among humans with normal glucose tolerance.
Primary Endoscopic Dacryocystorhinostomy with or without Silicone Tubing: A Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Al-Qahtani Ali S.
Published: June 2012

Background

Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) is an effective surgical procedure to treat saccal and postsaccal stenosis or nasolacrimal duct obstruction. The use of silicone tube after endoscopic DCR is still controversial. A prospective randomized study was conducted to compare the success rate between the use of silicone stent and no use of silicone stent in endoscopic DCR.

Methods

A prospective randomized study was conducted at Aseer Central Hospital and Abha Private Hospital, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, on all patients undergoing endoscopic DCR between July 1, 2006 and 30 June 30, 2010. Patients were allocated randomly for endoscopic DCR with or without stent. The data collection included age, sex, diagnosis, method, and duration of surgery. Patients were followed up postoperatively at 1 week, 1 month, and then every 3 months for 1 year.

Results

During the period of the study a total of 173 cases of postsaccal stenosis underwent endoscopic DCR (67 male and 106 female subjects). The mean age was 51.8 years (range, 18–72 years). A stent was used in 92 patients (53.2%) and not used in 81 patients (46.8%). With silicone tubing the success rate was 96%, and without silicone tubing it was 91%, an overall success rate of 94%. The odds ratio of failure without a silicone tube was 3.25 but confidence interval was from 0.84 to 12.60 and the difference between these two groups was statistically not significant (p = 0.117).

Conclusion

In this study, there was no statistically significant advantage of using endoscopic DCR with stent over the endoscopic DCR without stent.
A Population-Based 5-Year Follow-Up of Allergic Rhinitis in Chinese Children
Authors: Kong Weijia , Chen Jianjun , Wang Yanjun , Xiang Jisheng , Zhang Xujing , Wang Jinghui , Yin Xiaoyan
Published: June 2012

Background

There have been few longitudinal investigations of allergic rhinitis (AR) in Chinese children. We previously conducted an investigation of the prevalence of AR in 3- to 6-year old children for the year of 2005–2006. The aim of this study was to observe the natural course of AR in children in the previously investigated population during a cohort study for 5 years.

Methods

A total of 1211 children in the previously investigated population were included in this study. Telephone interviews were conducted three times during the 1st, 3rd, and 5th year from the previous study. 14 Questions including duration, severity of nasal symptoms, asthma, and related problems of allergy were examined. Skin-prick tests (SPTs) were performed again on those children who had done SPTs in the previous study 14 after the last follow-up (i.e., after 5 years).

Results

Of the 1211 children, 870 (71.8%) completed the 5-year observation period. In the 5th year, the prevalence of positive sal symptoms was 29.4% (256 of the 870 children), including 64/70 (91.4%) of those who were formerly symptom positive and SPT+, 45/104 (43.3%) of those who were formerly symptom positive and SPT−, 40/66 (60.6%) of those who were formerly symptom positive with SPTs not performed (SPTs[x]), and 107/630 (17.0%) of those who were formerly symptom negative. SPT results showed that 96.1% (73/76) of previous SPT+ children remained SPT+; only 3.9% (6/154) became SPT+ in previous SPT− children.

Conclusion

We concluded that the natural course of AR (symptom positive and SPT+) and non-AR (symptom positive and SPT−) children were quite different.
From the desk of Editor-in-Chief Vol.1(1)
Authors: Rauniyar RK
Published: June 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v1i1.6314 Nepalese Journal of Radiology Vol.1(1)
Diagnostic and Complication Rate of Image-guided Lung Biopsies in Raigmore Hospital, Inverness: A Retrospective Re-audit
Authors: Khadka S
Published: June 2012

Background: Suspected lung malignancies that are deemed inaccessible by bronchoscopic biopsy undergo image-guided biopsies to obtain samples for histological study. A previous audit performed in 2008 assessed the diagnostic and complication rate of computed tomography (CT)-guided lung biopsies. This retrospective re-audit aimed to reassess the lung biopsies done in 2010. Standards: British thoracic society guidelines for Radiologically guided lung biopsy. Materials and Method: All patients who underwent image-guided lung biopsies at Raigmore Hospital, Inverness, in 2010 were included in the study. The imaging was either CT or ultrasound (US) and either fine-needle aspirate or core-biopsy samples were collected. Information on diagnostic rate, complications such as pneumothorax and haemoptysis, age, sex, size and depth of lesion were collected. Results: 108 biopsies were obtained by image guided lung biopsies from 101 patients during 2010. 80 lesions were malignant, 19 were benign and 2 undiagnostic. 7 biopsies had to be repeated. Diagnostic accuracy was 91.7% (99 biopsies). 21 patients (19.4%) had pneumothorax. 19 suffered from small pneumothorax while 2 (1.9%) required chest drain. 7 patients (6.5%) developed minor haemoptysis. Only 3 out of 108 biopsies were done under US scan. Conclusion: The diagnostic and pneumothorax rates are well within British thoracic society guidelines, whilst the minor haemoptysis rate is slightly higher. Further large-scale studies are indicated to assess the possible role of ultrasound as a potential imaging method for pleural based lung biopsies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v1i1.6315 Nepalese Journal of Radiology Vol.1(1): 1-7