bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Yeast Mutant Screen Identifies TORC and Lys63 Polyubiquitination Pathway Genes among Determinants of Sensitivity to the Cancer Stem Cell-Specific Drug Salinomycin
Authors: Donald Rozario  , Sammer Zeglam  , Wolfram Siede
Published: September 2021

The antibiotic salinomycin (SM) acts as a selective potassium ionophore. In budding yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), we describe that the agent inhibits cell growth, elevates reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and prominently causes mitochondrial damage, as revealed by the emergence of perpetually respiration-defective cells. The collection of systematic gene deletions in haploid yeast was screened to characterize genes whose deletion confers SM sensitivity or resistance if glycerol is provided as the only carbon source, thus requiring active respiration for growth. Mutants conferring the highest SM resistance were those of the Mms2-Ubi13 E2-ubiquitin conjugating enzyme (Lys63 polyubiquitination) and the TORC pathway, such as Sch9. Sch9 phosphorylation is reduced after SM treatment and, whereas initial SM-enhanced ROS levels are not diminished in the mutant, we suggest that a protective response is mounted in the absence of Sch9 that promotes mitochondrial stability under conditions of potassium ion loss. As indicated by other isolated mutants with altered SM sensitivity, levels and modifications of ribosomal proteins may also play a role in these responses. SM has attracted considerable attention due to its cancer stem-cell specific mode of action. Even if not all of its cancer stem cell targets may have an equivalent in yeast, these studies may suggest strategies for mitigating its side effects during treatment of cancer patients.
Trends of Stem Cell-Based Clinical Trials in Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases
Authors: Zahra Jabbarpour  , Mohammad H. Ghahremani  , Massoud Saidijam  , Jafar Kiani  , Naser Ahmadbeigi
Published: September 2021

Stem cells have great potential to be applied as a treatment for various types of disorders. These cells exert therapeutic effects by modulating the immune system with the capability to secrete cytokines and chemokines. Previous studies have indicated that stem cells could be used as a therapeutic agent for different complaints, such as gastrointestinal diseases. For a long time now, researchers have moved toward stem cells' clinical application in this context. With the increasing number of trials in stem cell therapy of gastrointestinal disease, it is now time to evaluate these clinical trials' status. This paper reviews clinical trials that have used stem cells for the treatment of gastrointestinal tract diseases.
Serum Biomarkers Study and the Establishment of Diagnostic Models for Hepatitids B-Related HCC
Authors: Jing Bai  , Haishun Liu  , Hongfei Wan  , Xiangyi Liu
Published: September 2021

China's HCC accounts for 90% of HBV related HCC. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment are the key to effective control of HCC. By measuring the levels of expression of AFP, DCP and GP73 in the serum of HBV-related HCC patients, the diagnostic value of single and combined detection of the above indicators in HBV-related HCC shall be discussed, and the mathematical model of differential diagnosis by SVM shall be established to provide reference for the diagnosis of HBV-related HCC. A total of 301 patients and healthy persons from March 2016 to January 2018 from Beijing Tongren Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University have been selected. These lection includes 57 cases of HBV-related HCC, 61 cases of non- HBV-related HCC, 52 cases of HBV-related cirrhosis, 57 cases of chronic HBV, and 74 healthy persons in the same period. The levels of serum DCP, AFP and GP73 in each group were measured. Combined diagnosis of three indexes is better than single diagnosis, P<0.001. Using SVM mathematical diagnosis model, the specificity and sensitivity of diagnosing HBV-related HCC and healthy controls reached 98.7% and 97.6%, while the specificity and sensitivity of diagnosing HBV-related HCC and HBV-related cirrhosis reached 90.91% and 96.3%, respectively. Serum DCP, AFP and GP73 can be used independently as a useful reference for diagnosing HBV-related HCC patients. Combined detection of the three indicators can improve the sensitivity of HBV-related HCC diagnostic test. The SVM model can be used to diagnose and identify liver diseases at different stages.
Acute Haematological Variations in Patients Receiving Radiotherapy and its Correlation with Volume of the Bone Marrow and Radiation Dose
Authors: Rajesh Javarappa  , Ramesh Bilimagga  , V. Chendil  , B.R. Kiran Kumar  , Amrut S. Kadam
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Radiation treatment of all malignancies inevitably includes certain percentage of bone marrow in the site and volume of irradiation. The purpose is to study the magnitude of radiation induced early haematological toxicity in relation to the total dose and volume of the marrow in the field of irradiation. Materials & Methods: A Prospective analysis was done in 60 patients treated with telecobalt. Haemoglobin, WBC and platelet counts were done before starting treatment and then weekly till the completion of treatment. The volume of bone marrow in the radiation fields was also recorded. Results: The haemoglobin percentage change between baseline and 5th week was 5.19%(p=0.026) and7.35% (p=0.049) in <5%, 5-20% &>20% of bone marrow irradiated respectively. The percentage of change between baseline and 5th week total WBC count was 23.79% (p=0.000), 35.53% (p=0.006) and 27.90% (p=0.000) in <5%, 5-20% &>20% of bone marrow irradiated respectively. The percentage change in platelets between baseline and 5th week of 22.14%, 24.66% & 24.80% in patients with <5%, 5-20% and >20% of bone marrow irradiated respectively (overall p=0.000). Conclusion: The percentage of active bone marrow in the field of irradiation, dose per fraction and the total dose received are the best parameters for the study of haematological variations in patients being treated with radiotherapy. There is significant Haematological variations with decreasing trend in relation to volume of bone marrow irradiated and radiation dose.
Tryptophan Metabolism and Cancer Progression
Authors: K. Wu Kenneth
Published: September 2021

Abstract: Intracellular tryptophan (Trp) is catabolized to a large repertoire of metabolites via two major pathways: indoleamine and tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenases (IDO/TDO) and Trp hydroxylase (TPH) pathways. The catabolites possess diverse biological activities and carry out various physiological functions. Several catabolites such as kynurenine (Kyn) and serotonin promote while melatonin and 5-methoxytryptophan (5-MTP) suppress cancer growth and metastasis. Cancer cell-derived Kyn enhances cancer growth and evasion of immunosurveillance by interacting with cancer cell and immune cell membrane aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AHR), respectively. Serotonin exerts its tumor-promoting activities through type 1 and type 2 serotonin receptors. 5-MTP and melatonin suppress cancer growth and metastasis by common mechanisms, i.e., inhibition of p300 histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and NF-κB activation, and suppression of cyclooxygenase-2 and cytokine transcription. Both metabolites block p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Human cancer tissues express increased levels of IDO, TDO and kynurenine monooxygenase (KMO) which are correlated with reduced patient survival. In summary, cancer Trp metabolism regulates cancer growth and metastasis by complex mechanisms. 5-MTP and melatonin provide valuable lead to develop new drugs for chemo-prevention and adjuvant therapy of cancer.
Metastatic Model of Cerebellar Medulloblastoma Cells to Peritoneal Cavity: Exploration of Circulating Tumor Cells
Authors: Mehdipour P. , Javan F. , Jouibari M. Faghih , Khaleghi M.
Published: September 2021

Background: Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are the reliable key for an early detection. The cell-based/classified/personalized diagnostic approaches are unavailable. Therefore, it was aimed to explore the expression behavior of tumor (T) cells in brain, peritoneal cavity (PC) and genomic level to deliver the hypothetical model through the metastatic events.

Patients and Methods: The focal assay included protein expression (PE) by immunofluorescence in T-cells of cerebellarmeduloblastoma (CM), PC, and CTCs in a metastatic patient. The CCL2, VEGF, EGF, CD133/Cyclin E/ P21/Neuronal marker (NM), and CD45 were explored.

Result: Frequency of T-cells lacking PE and the Ratio of T/CTCs in different sections of CM- tumor cells in brain and the metastatic PC revealed the diverse expression and co-expression of the involved proteins. The poor prognosis is offered upon the value of PE at T/CTCs ratio. High PE and harmonic co-expression played the influential role in the metastatic process and manner of evolution.

Conclusions: Single cell- based analysis of expression and co-expression is the directive channel to unmask the heterogeneity through the metastatic process at genomic and somatic levels for providing the metastatic model. Present findings deliver the somatic/genomic ratio-based prognosis for further clinical managements.
Comparison of Teachers' Attitudes to Family Participation in Different Early Childhood Approaches
Authors: ÖZGEN Zeliha , ATAY Mesude
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine the teachers’ attitudes working in preschool education institutions that implement the practices of Montessori, Reggio Emilia, and the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) program. This study was carried out in descriptive research (survey) method. The study group was composed of 81 teachers working at Montessori, Reggio Emilia-inspired and MoNE preschools in Kadıköy, Maltepe and Ataşehir districts of İstanbul. "Attitude Scale for Family Participation Studies for Teachers" was used as a data collection tool. In the analysis of the data, Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney U tests were used. As a result of data analysis; the attitude scores of the teachers working in the Reggio Emilia-inspired preschools were higher than the Montessori-inspired and MoNE preschools. In this context, it was detected that the Reggio Emilia approach is determinative on the teachers’ attitudes regarding the family participation practices in preshools included in the study. According to the findings of the research, it was concluded that family participation studies of different educational approaches should be considered and implemented as an integrated approach according to the needs in Turkey.
Die Konstruktion des Eigenen und des Fremden – eine Grundfrage der transkulturellen therapeutischen Arbeit
Authors: Küchenhoff Joachim
Published: September 2021

Wer der oder die Fremde ist, wie ein Zugang zu ihm oder ihr möglich sein kann, diese Fragen stellen sich in der psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischen Praxis täglich, in jeder klinischen Begegnung. Besonders die transkulturelle Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie machen es sich zur Aufgabe, neue Antworten auf diese Fragen zu finden. Die Begegnung mit kulturell Fremden zwingt dazu, sich mit dem Umgang mit Fremden und mit Fremdem auseinanderzusetzen. Die transkulturelle Arbeit hält der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie insgesamt den Spiegel vor und erlaubt es, zu sehen, worum es immer und überall in der klinischen Arbeit geht. Es ist eine ständige Aufgabe jeder Diagnostik und Therapie, eine Balance von Eigenem und Fremdem neu zu finden, und zwar in allen Feldern psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischer Praxis. Der Umgang mit dem Fremden verlangt nach einer flexiblen und oszillierenden Haltung; einerseits soll Fremdheit in der Therapie verringert, ja vielleicht sogar aufgehoben werden, andererseits gilt es aber auch, sie zu bewahren und anzuerkennen. Anhand von sechs Thesen wird dargestellt, wie eine solche Haltung aussehen könnte.
Gelingt es, ohne Feindbilder zu leben?
Authors: Haubl Rolf
Published: September 2021

Der Aufsatz analysiert den Prozess, wie Feindbilder entstehen und welche sozialen und psychischen Funktionen sie in der Begegnung mit Menschen erfüllen, die einander fremd sind. Betont wird, dass diese Imagines in einem erheblichen Ausmaß unbewusst wirken, weshalb es kaum möglich ist, sie mittels rein rationaler Aufklärungsstrategien zu beeinflussen. Soll heißen: Wer von Kindheit an gelernt hat, Fremde als Feinde wahrzunehmen, wird erfahrungsresistent; er sieht sich immer wieder in seinen Vorurteilen bestätigt. Am Beispiel der Islamophobie, die Muslime reflexartig zu Terroristen entstellt, wird skizziert, wie Feindbilder politisch eingesetzt werden können, um Fremdenfeindlichkeit zu legitimieren. Dabei wird am bedrohlich erlebten Fremden gewalttätig abgewehrt, was am Eigenen so schreckt, dass es nicht Thema werden darf.
Familiale Möglichkeitsräume bei einem Kind mit Behinderung – Väterliche Elternzeit als Zeitgewinn?
Authors: Aunkofer Stefanie
Published: September 2021

Die Änderung des Elternzeitgesetzes 2007 eröffnet Vätern die Möglichkeit eines stärkeren familialen Engagements und erweitert die Möglichkeitsräume von Familien. Es bestehen jedoch weiterhin betriebliche, institutionelle oder paarinterne Hürden. Im Falle einer Behinderung des Kindes werden sie zudem durch weitere gesellschaftliche Barrieren tangiert. Am Fallbeispiel einer Familie, deren erstgeborenes Kind mit einer Behinderung zur Welt kam, werden diese Ambivalenzen illustriert. Bei den erheblichen Zeitproblemen der Familie stellt die väterliche Elternzeitnahme einen Zeitgewinn zur Schaffung familialer Möglichkeitsräume dar.
Das »Kindeswohl« im Rahmen von »Regenbogenfamilien«-Politiken
Authors: Nay Yv E.
Published: September 2021

Der Beitrag nimmt die rechtlichen und politischen Regulierungen von Näheund Fürsorgeverhältnissen in sogenannten Regenbogenfamilien zum Ausgangspunkt für die Erörterung der Frage, wie und welche familialen Lebensweisen normalisierenden Einschluss in politisch-rechtliche Regime erfahren. Indem die politische Debatte um das sogenannte Kindeswohl in Familien mit lesbisch, schwul, bisexuell und/oder trans* lebenden Eltern analysiert wird, macht d_ Autor_in deutlich, wie die Figur des »Glücks« darin zum Leitmotiv wird.
Einige systematische Überlegungen zur Grundlegung einer Psychoanalytischen Erziehungsund Bildungswissenschaft
Authors: Crepaldi Gianluca
Published: September 2021

Jener erziehungswissenschaftliche Fachbereich, der als Psychoanalytische Pädagogik tradiert wird und dessen Erkenntnisinteresse vor allem die Reflexion des Interaktionsfelds Pädagoge-Edukand betrifft, vermag den paradigmatischen, gesellschaftstheoretischen und kulturkritischen Stellenwert der Psychoanalyse in den modernen Erziehungsund Bildungswissenschaften nicht ausreichend abzubilden. Um den Fortbestand der Psychoanalyse im Kontext der Bildungswissenschaften längerfristig sicherzustellen, ist es aus Sicht des Autors notwendig geworden, systematische Überlegungen anzustellen, die auf eine Erweiterung des Gegenstandsbereichs und des Gegenstandsverständnisses der traditionellen Psychoanalytischen Pädagogik abzielen und letztlich die konsequente Umbenennung des Fachs in »Psychoanalytische Erziehungsund Bildungswissenschaft« sinnvoll erscheinen lassen.
The natural route of infection of guinea pigs from cows with tuberculosis in a cattle farm
Authors: Naymanov A.H. , Kalmykova M.S. , Tolstenko N.G. , Vangeli E.P. , Myasoedov Yu.M.
Published: September 2021

The success of the fight against tuberculosis depends on timely and accurate diagnosis, since the identification and removal of animals suspected of the disease from the herd at the very beginning of the development of the infectious process is the main condition for recreational activities. Prevention of tuberculosis is based on the implementation of measures to prevent the introduction of the pathogen into a safe economy. Control of well-being is achieved by checking the number of cattle by intradermal tuberculin test twice a year (in spring and autumn), young cattle from two months of age and cattle of the feeding group - once a year. Carrying out such studies is quite sufficient, since it is known that the delayed-type hypersensitivity state develops 7-45 days after infection of cattle with M. bovis tuberculosis pathogen. The main disadvantage of allergic studies is the well-known fact that the reaction to the intradermal administration of tuberculin indicates only the sensitization of the animal's body by various types of mycobacteria. Non-tuberculosis mycobacteria do not cause pathological changes characteristic of tuberculosis in cattle and even in guinea pigs that are very sensitive to infection. Therefore, when monitoring the welfare of farms, the results of allergic studies are considered indicative, and the reacting animals are suspected of being infected. Decisive in the diagnosis is pathological or laboratory confirmation of tuberculosis in animals killed for diagnostic purposes. There is little data in the literature on the timing of the development of the infectious process and the identification of pathological changes in cattle characteristic of tuberculosis. Data on the timing of the detection of changes characteristic of tuberculosis in guinea pigs with natural infection from sick cows was not found. Previously conducted studies in an experiment on natural infection of cattle with tuberculosis, the authors found that when healthy cows are introduced into a dysfunctional herd, they become infected with tuberculosis with the formation of characteristic pathological changes approximately 12 months after they are kept together with sick animals. In an experiment on natural infection of guinea pigs, the authors found that guinea pigs in the same room with cows infected with M. bovis become infected and develop tuberculosis. Changes characteristic of tuberculosis in experimental guinea pigs are detected 5 months after they are kept together with sick cows. Based on a review of the literature and the results of the studies conducted, the authors propose to use guinea pigs as a laboratory model for reproducing tuberculosis in order to control the welfare of livestock farms in safe farms or to assess the quality of recreational activities in farms with tuberculosis.
Effective ways of keeping queen bees before and after instrumental insemination
Authors: Shimelkova R.Zh. , Temirbayeva K.A. , Demidova I.V. , Aldiyarova A.K. , Nuralieva U.A. , Moldakhmetova G.A.
Published: September 2021

The article presents theoretical and experimental data on the results of the instrumental insemination and alimentation of queen bees. Queen bees were bred and inseminated. It has been established that when using various methods of keeping queen bees, a dynamic pattern is observed when there is safekeeping of queen bees. So, in 2019, before insemination in all experimental groups, the death of 1 to 4 infertile queens was observed. The highest indicator was recorded in the first experimental group; this is due to the fact that there were not enough young bees in the transfer cells to fully feed the infertile queen. In 2020, when using various methods of keeping queen bees before and after insemination, a similar pattern is observed with respect to the safety of queen bees. In a comparative aspect, before and after insemination, a high death rate of queens was recorded in the I-experimental group - 4 pcs, respectively fetal - 16 pcs. Whereas in the II-experimental and IV-experimental groups, the safest keeping of 18-19 queens was recorded respectively. Whereas in 2021, the greatest safety of fetal queen bees was in the IV-experimental group - 90%, and in the II-experimental and III-experimental groups, 85% each in comparison with the I-experimental group - 75%. Consequently, when using the method of keeping infertile queens in the transfer cells with accompanying bees, 5 pieces each, there is a high death rate of queen bees. It was also confirmed that the method of keeping queens in a nursery frame without accompanying bees is less effective compared to the method of keeping queens in a nursery frame without accompanying bees. Also, when obtaining fetal queens by instrumental insemination, attention should be focused on phenotypic indicators when selecting infertile queens, since the size of the queen bee is directly correlated with the number of egg tubes and, accordingly, affects the egg production of the fetal queen bee.
Effect of the functional feed PristineGoldVet on clinical and biochemical blood parameters of sables
Authors: Belyakova J.G. , Usha B.V.
Published: September 2021

Currently, against the background of a decrease in the quality of feed rations, the use of protein hydrolysates is a certain novelty in fur farming. PristineGoldVet functional food is a natural product obtained by vacuum lyophilization. With systematic use, it has a regulating effect on clinical blood parameters, optimization of homeostasis, biochemical reactions and physiological functions in the body of animals through the normalization of the microecological status. It contains (in 100 g): 19 amino acids: alanine – 5.16 g, asparagine – 6.75 g, arginine – 8.15 g, serine – 3.45 g, tyrosine – 2.27 g, proline – 1.17 g, cysteine – 1.06 g, ornithine – 0.07 g, glycine – 3.53 g, glutamine – 11.74 g, valine – 2.59 g, threonine – 4.32 g, isoleucine – 4 , 17 g, leucine – 7.12 g, methionine – 2.97 g, lysine – 8.76 g, phenylalanine – 3.69 g, tryptophan – 1.09 g, histidine – 1.71 g; 12 vitamins: B1 – 32 mg, B2 – 1100 mg, B3 – 1652 mg, B5 – 5200 mg, B6 – 38 mg, B9 – 84 mg, B12 – 1.6 mg, C – 2400 mg, D3 – 4 mg, E – 1100 mg, K – 150 mg, H – 4 mg; 10 microelements: potassium – 261 mg, calcium – 41.5 mg, phosphorus – 280 mg, magnesium – 15.8 mg, sodium – 20.3 mg, manganese – 3.5 mg, zinc – 1.9 mg, iron – 13.6 mg, nickel 0.1 mg, copper 0.1 mg. The article presents the results of studies of the dynamics of changes in hematological and biochemical blood parameters in clinically healthy sables when using the functional food "PristineGoldVet" aimed at maintaining the functions of the digestive and endocrine systems, improving the quality of fur and increasing the gain in live weight of young animals. When using a protein hydrolyzate, it was established: an increase in the content of erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin and albumin fraction and a decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). In addition, an increase in live body weight was observed in animals. It has been proven that the use of PristineGoldVet functional food in the diets of sables can increase their feed value, which has a beneficial effect on digestion indices.
Cost-Benefit Analysis of Palm Mill Oil Effluent Becomes Bio-CNG as HSD Fuel Substitution in West Kalimantan Province
Authors:   Indonesia Defense University, Indonesia, Yoesgiantoro Donny , Fahrizki Johan , Supriyadi Imam
Published: September 2021

Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world and West Kalimantan Province is the second largest province in the palm oil industry with an area of 1.8 million hectares of plantation land. In palm oil processing at the plant, several types of waste are produced. One of them is liquid waste called Palm Mill Oil Effluent (POME). POME can be used as biogas with an Anaerobic Biological process. Biogas that has been purified and packaged in high pressure tubes is called Bio-CNG. Methane gas levels in Bio-CNG are 96-98% and CO² gas is 2-3%. The province of West Kalimantan has limited electricity infrastructure, so it relies a lot on diesel power plants (PLTD) to generate electricity. The installed capacity of PLN UIW West Kalimantan in 2019 is 211,713 KW with a PLTD capacity of 125,768 KW or 59% of the total installed capacity. The use of fossil energy sources cannot be sustained because Indonesia's oil production continues to decline and imports of fuel continue to increase. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the costs and benefits of POME into Bio-CNG as a substitute for HSD fuel in PLTD with the CBA (Cost Benefit Analysis) method. The result shows that the potential of POME energy into Bio-CNG in West Kalimantan Province meets the needs of PLTD PLN UIW West Kalimantan as a substitute for HSD fuel. In addition, based on the cost and benefit analysis that has been carried out on the Bio-CNG project obtained a greater value of benefits than the cost, so that the utilization of POME into Bio-CNG as a substitute for HSD fuel in PLTD is feasible to run.
Comparison of "Learning," "Teaching," and "Teacher" Metaphors of Pre-Service and In-Service Science Teachers
Authors:   Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University (Turkey), Ural Evrim , Pekbalcı Muhammed ,   Gazi University (Turkey)
Published: September 2021

The study aims to examine science teachers' and pre-service science teachers' metaphors about learning, teaching, and teacher concepts and compare their metaphors. The study is designed according to phenomenology research design. The study participants consisted of 62 in-service science teachers working in government schools and 45 pre-service science teachers attending a government university’s science teaching department. The data was collected during the 2017-2018 academic year. The participants were requested to fill in the blanks of three statements: "Learning is like…..; because …….", "Teaching is like…..; because…….", "Teacher is like….; because……". The results displayed that teachers and pre-service teachers generally have different meaning categories. While teachers expressed the concept of “teacher,” they took their own experiences and professional lives into consideration since they are actively working as teachers. On the other hand, pre-service teachers expressed their own teachers and their behaviors while defining the concept of “teacher.” Similarly, when we take a look at the results related to the concept of “student,” while teachers started off with the children they taught, pre-service teachers talked about their own experiences since they are students.
Determination of Psychological Counsellor Candidates’ Competency Levels and Educational Needs in terms of Therapeutic Conditions in the Process of Individual Counselling
Authors:   Usak University, Turkey, Bek Hafız , Gülveren Hakan
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the present study is to enhance the quality of psychological counselling education by identifying needs and competencies in the field. The lack of specific studies on therapeutic conditions in psychological counseling education on a national scale has led us to conduct the current study. The study group consists of 20 students (12 female, 8 male) taking Individual Counselling course during spring term in 2019- 2020 academic year. According to the audio recordings, the participants were seen to be unable to behave at expected level under the title of concreteness of therapeutic conditions. In addition, they were observed not to provide necessary conditions under the title of transparency. However, it has been revealed that they managed to develop empathy. Moreover, they were seen to be unable to fulfill here and now principle at expected level. Finally, they were found to perform respect conditions.
Opinions of Primary School Teachers about Mathematics Teaching During the Covid-19 Pandemic Period
Authors:   Inonu University, Turkey, Kilinc Esma , Akkaya Sumeyra , Kapidere Metin
Published: September 2021

This study was conducted to reveal the aspect of distance education studies on teaching of mathematics with the evaluation by class teachers during the Covid-19 Pandemic period. 24 primary school teachers from Onikisubat district of Kahramanmaras province have participated in the research. The semi-structured interview form developed in line with the expert opinions was applied to the primary school teachers separately. This study was required in order to evaluate the events experienced in the distance education process due to the coronavirus pandemic and the effects of the pandemic on the field of education in the direction of the opinions of the class teachers. Qualitative research was carried out to interpret any situation from a different perspective in the study, and a case study has been conducted to reach the depth of the situation. As a data collection tool, a semi-structured interview form was prepared with the approval of expert opinions. After the data were brought together, content analysis was carried out by giving similar descriptions and describing them in a way that the reader could comprehend. The sample of the study consisted of teachers who personally experienced the process in the nearby environment, which consists of easily accessible situation sampling in order to accelerate the study. It is thought that it will be important to work properly execution of the processes that may occur in such times by determining the causes and consequences of the situations experienced in the field of education due to reasons such as the suspension of face-to-face education and the cessation of schools after the pandemic in the world. As a result of the research, suggestions will be made for the studies that can be done about teaching mathematics in distance education.
Ischemic Stroke in a Young Adult Female Caused by Takayasu’s Arteritis: A Case Report
Authors:   Hasanuddin University, Indonesia, Akbar Muhammad , Bahar Ashari , Goysal Yudy , Karmilayanti, Karmilayanti , Basri Muhammad Iqbal
Published: September 2021

Takayasu's arteritis is one of the causes of ischemic stroke at a young age, but the occurrence is still rarely reported in Indonesia. Here we report the case of a 19-year-old Indonesian female who was admitted to the Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital with a sudden onset of right-sided hemiplegia. Other features of Takayasu’s arteritis were observed, including a discrepancy of more than 10 mmHg between the left and right arm systolic blood pressure, claudication of the extremities, and decreased brachial artery pulse. Left hemisphere cerebral infarction was confirmed on the computed tomography (CT) scan. Angiogram abnormalities were also present, showing occlusion of the left proximal inner carotid artery after branching at the aortic arch, and occlusion of the left subclavian artery. Although no fever was observed on presentation, the patient had an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of 44 mm/hour. In conclusion, Takayasu’s arteritis should be considered as a potential cause of ischemic stroke in young adults.
Ley matemática de los sistemas dinámicos cardiacos: reducción de su tiempo de evaluación a 18 horas
Authors: Rodríguez Velásquez Javier Oswaldo , Correa Herrera Sandra Catalina , Pizano Alejandro , Ronderos Miguel Alberto , Prieto Bohórquez Signed Esperanza , Godoy Carol , Rojas Juan Alexander , Benitez Juan , Rodríguez Correa Dharma , Avilan Eliana
Published: September 2021

Introducción: Anteriormente se desarrolló una ley físico-matemática para la evaluación de registros electrocardiográficos continuos y Holters con la cual se dedujo la totalidad atractores cardíacos y se diferenció normalidad, estados patológicos y evolución entre estados.
Método: Fueron tomadas 200 dinámicas cardiacas, 150 con diferentes tipos de patologías cardiacas y 50 normales, a las cuales se aplicó la ley exponencial, en 18 y 21 horas. Para ello, se simuló una secuencia de frecuencias cardiacas, con la cual fue construido el atractor caótico. A continuación, se determinó el diagnóstico matemático a partir de la ley, con base en la ocupación espacial del atractor y se calculó la dimensión fractal. Finalmente, se realizó la validación estadística del método matemático en 18 horas frente al Gold Standard.
Resultados: Sujetos con dinámicas cardiacas caóticas normales presentaron valores en la rejilla Kp entre 205 y 384, mientras que los sujetos con dinámicas patológicas presentaron valores entre 61 y 191 en 18 horas.  La evaluación de la concordancia entre el diagnóstico matemático en 18 horas y la evaluación convencional tomada Gold Standard, dio como resultado valores de sensibilidad y especificidad de 100% y un coeficiente Kappa de 1.
Conclusión: Se confirmó la capacidad clínica de la ley para diagnosticar de forma objetiva y reproducible en 18 horas.
A BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR: SEUS REFLEXO SOBRE A PRATICA PEDAGOGICA E O USO DA METODOLOGIAS NA EDUCAÇÃO INAFNTIL.
Authors: CARVALHO DOS SANTOS MARIA ANTONETE
Published: September 2021

Este artigo buscou analisar a Base Nacional Comum Curricular e seus reflexos sobre a prática pedagógica e o uso de metodologias na Educação Infântil, no município de Cametá, no ano de 2020. ” A metodologia utilizada foi o estudo Misto, com desenho DITRAS, tendo o enfoque Misto direcionado pelo alcance exploratório e analítico. Seguido das seguintes interrogantes: Quais os reflexos da Base Nacional Comum Curricular no ambiente da Educação Infântil? Como ocorre as mudanças na prática pedagogia com a implementação da BNCC na Educação Infântil? De que maneira se evidencia o uso de metodologias no contexto da formação na infância? A educação Infantil é direcionada por políticas públicas especificas para a infância mais que precisam ser fiscalizadas, para que estas sejam posta em pratica como determina a lei de diretrizes e base da educação.
Medical therapy, radiofrequency ablation or cryoballoon ablation as first-line treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: interpreting efficacy through restricted mean survival time and network meta-analysis
Authors: Messori Andrea , Bartoli Laura , Ferracane Elisa , Trippoli Sabrina
Published: September 2021

When multiple treatments are available, network meta-analysis can evaluate data to rank the relative effectiveness. We applied this approach to first-line treatments for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (medical therapy, radiofrequency ablation or cryoballoon ablation). Individual trials were analysed based on the restricted mean survival time (RMST). Randomised controlled trials (RCT) assessing first-line treatments for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation were referenced from PubMed and the websites of regulatory agencies. The primary end-point was atrial fibrillation recurrence-free survival at 12 months. The treatments assessed for their relative effectiveness were medical therapy, radiofrequency ablation and cryoballoon ablation. Individual trials were examined based on RMST. A Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted to comparatively evaluate these treatments. Five trials were included in the analysis: two compared radiofrequency with medical treatment and three cryoballoon ablation with medical treatment. The indirect comparison of radiofrequency ablation vs cryoballoon ablation was assessed in the absence of RCTs. Differences in RMST (with 95% credible intervals) were estimated for all binary comparisons (direct or indirect). Radiofrequency and cryoballoon ablation showed significantly increased effectiveness compared with medical treatment. In the indirect comparison, radiofrequency showed a non-significant advantage over cryoballoon ablation. The ranking of effectiveness was as follows: (1) radiofrequency; (2) cryoballoon ablation; (3) medical treatment. In conclusion, we found that radiofrequency was the most effective treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation according to a Bayesian probabilistic model.
Management of myocardial infarction with Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA): a subset of acute coronary syndrome patients
Authors: Matta Anthony G. , Nader Vanessa , Roncalli Jerome
Published: September 2021

Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery disease (MINOCA) represents a significant proportion (up to 15%) of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) population. MINOCA is diagnosed in patients who fullfilled the fourth universal definition of AMI in the absence of significant obstructive coronary artery disease on coronary angiography. MINOCA is a group of heterogeneous diseases with different pathophysiological mechanisms requiring multimodality imaging. Left ventriculography, cardiac magnetic resonance imaging and intra-coronary imaging (IVUS, OCT) are useful tools playing a pivotal role in the diagnostic work-up. There are no standard guidelines on the management of MINOCA patients and the therapeutic approach is personalized, thereby detecting the underlying aetiology is fundamental to initiate an early appropriate cause-targeted therapy.
Atrial fibrillation and coronary artery disease: a review on the optimal use of oral anticoagulants
Authors: Bocchino Pier Paolo , Angelini Filippo , Toso Elisabetta
Published: September 2021

Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents the most prevalent supraventricular arrhythmia in adults population and up to 15% of AF patients undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for coronary artery disease (CAD) during their life. While oral anticoagulants (OACs) exert a protective effect in the setting of stroke prevention and systemic embolization in AF patients, patients undergoing PCI are recommended to receive dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, recurrent myocardial infarction and stent thrombosis. When these two scenarios coexist, as all antithrombotic regimens are burdened by an increase in bleeding risk, antithrombotic regimen and therapy duration must be cautiously tailored on individual patients’ characteristics after attentive assessment of ischemic and bleeding risks. Non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs), directly inhibiting either thrombin or factor Xa of the coagulation cascade, have progressively replaced warfarin as first choice OACs in several scenarios; recently, randomized controlled trials have compared antithrombotic regimens including NOAC molecules vs vitamin K antagonists in AF patients undergoing PCI to explore the efficacy and safety of NOACs in this setting. These studies have provided a deeper understanding of antithrombotic therapy after PCI in AF patients and have been promptly implemented by the most recent guidelines on AF and CAD management. The aim of the present review was to summarize the current available literature on the perils and benefits of individual OAC molecules in AF patients with acute and/or chronic coronary syndromes in order to provide guidance on the optimal use of OACs in these complex scenarios.
Changes in left ventricular size, geometry, pump function and left heart pressures during healthy aging
Authors: Peverill Roger E
Published: September 2021

There are cross-sectional and longitudinal imaging studies using echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance in healthy adult subjects which have demonstrated associations of left ventricular (LV) structure and pump function with age. There are also cross-sectional data regarding the relationships of age with invasively measured left heart chamber pressures. Increasing age is associated with decreases in LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), end-systolic volume (LVESV), end-diastolic length (LVEDL), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO), and increases in relative wall thickness (RWT), LV mass/LVEDV ratio (LVMVR) and ejection fraction (LVEF). Older age is not accompanied by a change in mean left atrial (LA) pressure, but there is both direct and indirect evidence which suggests that LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) increases with age. LVEDV remains lower in older than younger subjects during fluid infusion and the resulting increases in LA pressure. The combination of an increase in LVEF with reductions of both SV and CO demonstrates an age-related increase in divergence between LVEF and LV pump function. A lower LVEDV in older compared to younger subjects can be characterized as an aging-related decrease in LV capacity, with the higher LVEDP in older subjects also indicating a reduction of preload reserve.
Current management and prognosis of patients with recurrent myocardial infarction
Authors: Luca Leonardo De , Paolucci Luca , Nusca Annunziata , Putini Rita Lucia , Mangiacapra Fabio , Natale Enrico , Ussia Gian Paolo , Colivicchi Furio , Grigioni Francesco , Musumeci Francesco , Gabrielli Domenico
Published: September 2021

Recurrent myocardial infarction (re-MI) is a common event following acute coronary syndrome (ACS), especially during the first year. According to epidemiological studies, patients who experience re-MI are at higher risk of all-cause cardiovascular events and mortality. The cornerstones of re-MI prevention include complete functional coronary revascularization, effective dual antiplatelet therapy and secondary prevention strategies. Notwithstanding this, some controversy still exists on the definition and management of re-MI, and no dedicated studies have been designed or conducted so far in this setting. We here provide an overview of epidemiological and prognostic data on ACS patients experiencing re-MI, along with current available treatment and preventive options.
Role of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in glucose metabolism
Authors: Zhao Shiyuan , Sun Wenxue , Jiang Pei
Published: September 2021

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) helps to regulate cardiovascular function, the maintenance of electrolyte and fluid balance, and blood pressure. The RAS contains two axes; the angiotensin-converting enzyme/angiotensin II/Ang II type 1 receptors (ACE/Ang II/AT1) classic axis, which has a role in regulating blood pressure, vascular oxidative stress, coagulation, and cellular proliferation. The other is the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptors (ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas) axis, which can inhibit the former axis, improve fat metabolism, reduce inflammation and oxidative stress, and enhance glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis is found in blood vessels, kidneys, liver, pancreas and the brain. It can protect the body from abnormalities in glucose metabolism. The ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis can enhance glucose tolerance and improve insulin sensitivity by protecting pancreatic β cells, increasing insulin secretion, improving glucose metabolism in adipose tissue, enhancing glucose uptake by skeletal muscle, and inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis. This article reviews the main characteristics and functions of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis and its regulation of glucose metabolism in order to demonstrate its potential as a target for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes.
Sudden cardiac death in patients with myocardial infarction: 1.5 primary prevention
Authors: Feng Yun-Tao , Feng Xiang-Fei
Published: September 2021

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most common causes of death in the world. Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the root cause of most patients with SCD, and myocardial infarction (MI) is the main cause of SCD among all types of CHD. Early identification of high-risk patients after an MI, and the application of related prevention strategies and disease-specific treatments will be the key to reduce SCD. The mechanism of SCD after MI varies over time, and the relevant risk prediction indicators are also dynamic and different. In the existing guidelines for MI patients, the static and slightly single stratification of primary (PP) and secondary (SP) prevention has significant room for improvement. The 1.5 primary prevention (1.5PP) is defined as patients with PP who also had the following risk factors: non-sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT), frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), severe heart failure (left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF <25%), and syncope or pre-syncope. The emergence of 1.5PP has provided a new method for the stratification and management of SCD after an MI.
Effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Wanting , Feng Zhaoqiang , Bai Jinghui
Published: September 2021

Evaluation of the effects of alirocumab on cardiovascular (CV) events, CV mortality and all-cause mortality. Data search was carried out using the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. The search time is up to November 18, 2020. All randomized clinical trials (AEs) comparing alirocumab with placebo were searched. Meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager version 5.3 (The Cochrane Collaboration, Copenhagen, Denmark), and the heterogeneity between studies was tested by Cochrane’s Q test and measured with I2 statistics. A total of 13 randomized controlled trials with 24,815 participants were included. Alirocumab usage can considerably lower the incidence of CV events when compared to the control group (risk ratio(RR) 0.89, 95% confidence interval(CI) 0.83–0.95). No significant difference in CV mortality between the two groups was observed (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.74–1.04). Treatment with alirocumab has been associated with a major decrease in all-cause mortality compared to placebo (RR 0.80, 95% CI 0.66–0.96). The incidence of serious adverse events (AEs) was similar in the two groups (RR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90–0.99). Alirocumab can reduce CV events and all-cause mortality. The AEs were mild and tolerable.
Cardiac amyloidosis presenting with coronary artery embolization
Authors: Papageorgiou Christos , Tsagalou Eleftheria , Baraboutis Ioannis , Tampakis Konstantinos , Kastritis Efstathios , Dimopoulos Meletios-Athanasios
Published: September 2021

Amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis is a multisystemic disease. Among its clinical manifestations, vein and arterial thromboembolic events are included. We report the unusual case of a 57-year-old female patient with AL amyloidosis presenting with an ST segment elevation myocardial infarction due to coronary artery embolization (CE). The patient reported a history of exertional dyspnoea along with episodes of haemoptysis for the last few months. Her coronary angiography demonstrated embolization of the distal segment of the left anterior descending artery. The main findings of her cardiac ultrasound included concentric left ventricular hypertrophy, mildly impaired left ventricular systolic function, left atrium enlargement and a restrictive-like filling pattern, while her chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrated bilateral pleural effusions. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging that was performed afterwards, indicated areas of microvascular infarction, a small apex infarct and findings compatible with possible amyloidosis, a diagnosis that was confirmed later by fat tissue biopsy. Patient was referred for an oncology consultation, started therapy with direct oral anticoagulants, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, statins and anti-plasma cell therapy. She has been improving since then and has been free of cardiovascular events for a follow-up period of 12 months. Cardiologists ought to be aware of amyloidosis as a rare but possible cause of coronary embolization, while close collaboration with oncologists is required for the establishment of the correct diagnosis.
A preliminary study on the radiation dose reduction during catheterization procedures using simple partial patient shielding
Authors: Serati Alireza , Hashemi Ashkan , Sharifkashani Babak , Nourbakhsh Sourmah , Hashemi Arash , Emami Sepideh , Movahed Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2021

Reduction in X-ray exposure during cardiac catheterization is important to reduce radiation risks to operators and personnel. Reducing scattered radiation from the patient can achieve this goal. The goal of this study was to evaluate the reduction in radiation using simple partial shielding of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. By putting a lead-based apron on the lower extremities of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization, we analyzed the reduction in total radiation dose with and without this shielding. One hundred and twelve patients were divided into two groups. In one group, the protective lead-based apron was put on the lower extremities of patients. Another group did not have any shielding. Total duration of angiography was 332 minutes and 45 seconds in the first group and 269 minutes and 10 seconds in the second group. The total radiation exposure was 33 μGy in the first group vs 606 μGy in the second group. Despite higher exposure time, total radiation dose was 22 times lower in the simple shielded group. Our simple method without any additional cost can significantly reduce radiation exposure in the cardiac catheterization laboratory.