bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Dual Cross-linking Reagent for Dentin Bonding Interface Stability
Authors: Tian Z.L. , Wang H.M. , Yang S.H. , Qiao S.W. , Han X.Z. , Zhu S. , Shi Z.S.
Published: December 2024

The cross-linking reagent has been proposed as a means of modifying dentin collagen, inhibiting matrix metalloproteinase activities, and enhancing bond durability during dentin bonding procedures. This study aimed to synthesize an operation-friendly dual cross-linking reagent—3-(4-formyphenoxy)-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (FPA)—to assess its ability to cross-link dentin collagen and reduce enzymatic activity at the bonding interface. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by a cell counting kit–8 test and calcein AM/propidium iodide assay. Attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and molecular docking of FPA-collagen showed that FPA can mediate covalent bonding and hydrogen bonding. The hydroxyproline release test and thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that FPA-collagen can resist exogenous proteases and thermolysis. The gelatin zymography and in situ zymography indicated that FPA can reduce enzymatic activity at the bonding interface. The bonded samples were subjected to microtensile bond strength analysis after 24 h and thermocycling. The bonding interface quality was evaluated by the water contact angle, confocal laser scanning microscope, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and nanoleakage assessment. This study demonstrated the effectiveness and significant clinical potential of the dual cross-linking reagent FPA in that it increases the longevity of resin-dentin bonds and reduces dentin matrix metalloproteinase activities at the bonding interface.
Using a moral economy perspective to understand working-class finance and the decline of home credit in the United Kingdom
Authors: Marks Abigail , Terry Esme
Published: December 2024

This article considers how discord between dominant and alternative moral economies has contributed to the decline of the home credit industry in the United Kingdom. Drawing on qualitative data from over 70 interviews, as well as media reporting and grey literature, authentic historical analysis is utilised to examine how collective values and perceptions shape discourse and reproduce inequalities. It is argued here that media, political, academic and business actors operating within the dominant moral economy may perpetuate hegemonic (mis)understandings of alternative practices. This article advances Graeber’s work on debt and develops Polanyi’s and Thompson’s theorising on the moral economy, by arguing that social and cultural relations should be understood as being connected to – but separable from – economic relations. Analysis of the decline of home credit illustrates how cultural and economic behaviours converge to create unjust and partitioned moral economies.
Using Organic Data in Migration Research
Authors: Donato Katharine , Jacobs Elizabeth , Singh Lisa , Arab Ali , Wycoff Nathan
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces a special issue of International Migration Review and overviews the promise and limitations of organic data for migration research. We explain different approaches to collecting and analyzing timely open-source organic data, and how it can be integrated with traditional administrative and survey data. After identifying the promise and limitations of specific organic data sources, we offer two empirical examples that illustrate how organic data may be used in research on migration and displacement. One example uses Ukrainian-language tweets to capture changing day-to-day dynamics during the initial stages of an emerging conflict. The second examines how a significant policy change in Colombia is associated with xenophobic conversation about Venezuelan migrants using Spanish-language tweets. Together, they illustrate how organic data may be used to examine the shifting dynamics of migration and forced migration.
Investigation of Mo microalloying-induced intragranular ferrite and grain refinement
Authors: Li Yao , Chen Wei , Chen Ying , Cui Zhi-min , Sun Feng-jie , Zhu Li-guagn , Zhang Qing-jun
Published: December 2024

In this work, the Mo microalloying-induced intragranular ferrite and grain refinement are studied through macroscopic experimental research and microstructural simulation. The microstructure and precipitates in high-strength low-alloy steel (DH36 steel) were characterised by an optical microscope and transmission electron microscope to investigate the effect of Mo on fine crystal strengthening and intragranular ferrite induction. It is demonstrated through first-principle calculations that the surface energy of the MoC(100) plane is the lowest and the structural stability is the best, and molecular dynamic simulations confirmed that the phenomena observed in TEM experiments: the α-Fe (100) surface is the optimal orientation surface of the MoC(100) surface. The solidification structure of DH36 steel during the continuous casting process was simulated based on the cellular automaton-finite element (CAFE) model. Based on these observations, solidification structure simulations confirmed the phenomena observed in metallographic experiments. Meanwhile, it is proposed that the grain refinement and microstructure optimisation effect can be controlled by Mo microalloy content, so as to provide important theoretical data for practical shipbuilding steel DH36 production and improvement of the continuous casting quality.
Beliefs Supporting Positive Attitudes Toward Corporal Punishment in Ecuadorian Middle-Class Households
Authors: Serrano-Flores Alexandra , Melo Cevallos Mario , Peña Terán Paola , León Crespo Gabriela
Published: December 2024

Corporal punishment (CP) is a widely extended practice within Ecuadorian households. However, there is international pressure to ban it, CP is not considered a topic of relevance either for researchers nor public policy, and there is a lack of information about this phenomenon, its causes, and effects in this specific context. That is why this research aims to identify common beliefs supporting CP usage inside homes since beliefs have been found to shape individual behavior at the same time they are socially and culturally produced. Concerning CP, beliefs have a relevant paper determining favorable attitudes for its usage in childrearing. Understanding beliefs could give some clues to designing culturally appropriate means to eradicate this practice. For this research, in-depth interviews were conducted with 24 middle-class, college-educated adults between 20 and 59 years of age residing in the urban areas of Guayaquil and Puyo. It is a qualitative research of grounded theory with axial coding. Data analysis was made through open coding and focused coding methods. As a result, four common beliefs supporting CP were identified: (a) CP is “fair” violence because its goal is to raise good citizens; (b) it is possible to distinguish between “fair” CP and children abuse; (c) children, not parents, are responsible for receiving CP because of their misbehavior and; and (d) CP is traditional childrearing means proved through generations. In conclusion, CP in the Ecuadorian middle-class society plays an essential social role because it is a means for cultural transmission. Also, the lack of a definite ban on CP makes it difficult to change beliefs endorsing CP. Based on our findings, we suggest that public policy related to the CP ban should focus on changing beliefs through educative, not punitive, initiatives.
Tough but fair: The first infringement ruling against an ex-Member State (Case C-516/22, European Commission v. United Kingdom)
Authors: Turmo Araceli
Published: December 2024

The judgment in Case C-516/22, European Commission v. United Kingdom constitutes an important precedent on several legal issues. A further development in the Micula saga, it finds that the UK Supreme Court violated its obligations deriving from Article 4(3) TEU and Articles 108(3), 267 and 351 TFEU, which still bound it as a result of the transitional period which followed the UK's formal withdrawal from the EU. This makes it the first finding of an infringement committed by a third country. Moreover, this is only the second time the Court has explicitly found an infringement to have been caused by a decision not to refer a preliminary question. Last, this judgment is a further development in the Achmea line of precedents, consolidating the Court's position on the conflict between EU law and intra-EU international arbitration.
Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Leon Melissa , Rubin Joseph , Raverty Stephen , Ghosh Kazal
Published: December 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most important bacteria responsible for clinical bovine mastitis globally, leading to significant economic losses in the dairy industry. Antimicrobials used to treat and prevent mastitis can lead to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in S. aureus. We retrospectively evaluated AMR of S. aureus isolates from clinical bovine mastitis cases submitted to the Animal Health Centre in British Columbia from 2013 to May 2024. S. aureus was isolated from 15.0% of submitted bovine milk samples. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done on 611 of 1,347 S. aureus isolates. No methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates were detected based on cefoxitin susceptibility test results, which is encouraging. The highest frequencies of resistance were found for penicillin (46.6%) and ampicillin (42.1%). The lowest frequencies of resistance were to ceftiofur and sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim (0.2% each) and cephalothin (0.3%). AMR trends over our study period were generally stable, except for penicillin and ampicillin; penicillin resistance increased from 15.2% to 71.1%, and ampicillin resistance increased from 18.2% to 70.1%. The information in our study could help guide clinicians when choosing antimicrobial treatments to treat mastitis caused by S. aureus, particularly in the province of British Columbia. Because S. aureus has a broad host range and is of importance to both human and veterinary medicine, continued monitoring to detect the emergence of resistance is warranted.
Mobile Applications Designed for Sexual or Dating Violence Prevention Targeting Adolescents and Emerging Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fraley Hannah E. , Chechel Laura , Varthala Balaji
Published: December 2024

Adolescents and emerging adults are at highest risk for sexual violence. While technology-based interventions are emerging in the literature, little is known regarding mobile applications specifically for use with young people. The objective was to identify and map available mobile-based applications designed to reach adolescent or emerging adult users at risk of sexual or dating violence. The Joanna Briggs Institute methodology for scoping reviews and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis extension for scoping reviews were employed. All available English language studies and methodological papers describing mobile-based applications designed to prevent and/or mitigate sexual violence targeting young persons were included with no time limits. Abstracts and full-text readings were carried out by three independent reviewers, followed by data charting and thematic analysis, presented in narrative. Mobile applications targeting young people show promise ( N = 15). Most applications target emerging adults over the age of 18 years, with a scarcity of mobile applications designed for adolescents. The myPlan Safety Planning app is the most reported in the literature, adapted to three countries, demonstrating promise across three available randomized controlled trials. Mobile applications can aid in reaching young people at the highest risk for sexual violence. Findings may inform further mobile application development and intervention research. This scoping review was registered prospectively on the Open Science Framework (https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/QWZBE).
The Subjective Experience of Social Stigma on Mental Health among Cisgender Women Sex Workers in Colombia
Authors: Perdomo Sandoval Luis Albeiro , Goberna-Tricas Josefina
Published: December 2024

This qualitative and phenomenological study, through 16 in-depth face-to-face interviews and two discussion groups, elucidates the subjective experience of social stigma on mental health among 34 cisgender women sex workers in Colombia. After reflective and inductive thematic analysis of the data, two general themes emerged with their respective subthemes: (1) institutional stigma, insensitivity of healthcare providers, abuse of power by the police force, societal disapproval of the occupation, and unequal social treatment; (2) interpersonal stigma, language as a perpetrator of social stigma, family abandonment, conflict with work identity, and social isolation. A holistic approach is needed that addresses unmet needs and high vulnerability to deterioration of mental well-being due to social stigma against this group.
PICC management for bladder tumor patient with toxic epidermal necrolysis: A crisis intervention case report
Authors: Li Shanquan , Liu Yeqing , Wang Bo , Ning Yanting
Published: December 2024

Crisis intervention is crucial in managing acute medical crises to improve outcomes. Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), a severe skin reaction often triggered by drug exposure, poses challenges, especially in chemotherapy patients. Evidence on nursing care for TEN patients with Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) retention during chemotherapy is limited. We present a 69-year-old male with recurrent bladder tumor receiving atezolizumab via PICC, developing TEN and catheter-associated skin impairment (CASI). Despite extensive skin breakdown, PICC retention was essential and innovative PICC care was necessary. A crisis management team implemented a six-step crisis intervention model, ensuring safety and treatment adherence. A three-layer dressing protocol was used to optimize wound care, prevent further CASI, and ensure the patient’s comfort. This case underscores the efficacy of crisis intervention in managing TEN with PICC during chemotherapy, highlighting interdisciplinary collaboration and innovation in complex medical scenarios.
Cognitive reserve predicts long-term cognitive trajectories in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: Maggi Gianpaolo , Altieri Manuela , Risi Mario , Rippa Valentina , Borgo Riccardo Maria , Lavorgna Luigi , Bonavita Simona , Buonanno Daniela , D’Ambrosio Alessandro , Bisecco Alvino , Santangelo Gabriella , Tessitore Alessandro , Gallo Antonio
Published: December 2024

Background:

The effect of cognitive reserve (CR) on cognition in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (pwRRMS) has been partially investigated.

Objectives:

We aimed to explore the long-term cognitive trajectories of pwRRMS based on their CR, measured using the Vocabulary Knowledge Test (VOC).

Methods:

78 pwRRMS underwent a neuropsychological evaluation at baseline and after a mean follow-up of 6.5 years. We carried out several mixed-design ANCOVA to test the effect of CR on longitudinal cognitive trajectories, controlling for the effects of disability and depression. Regression analyses were performed to assess the clinical predictors of longitudinal cognitive variation.

Results:

At follow-up, we observed improvements in cognitive scores within pwRRMS with high CR and a decline within pwRRMS with low CR. VOC scores increased at follow-up evaluation in the whole sample, and this change was associated with the female sex. VOC emerged as the only predictor of cognitive changes over time.

Conclusions:

CR, estimated by VOC, can increase over time by engaging in intellectually enriching activities, and may predict long-term cognitive outcomes in pwRRMS. The identification of pwRRMS with low CR, and therefore, most at risk of future cognitive decline, should prompt the implementation of CR enhancement interventions to delay the onset of cognitive impairment.
A Systematic Review of the Existing Evidence on Early Year Interventions for Trauma and Violence Prevention
Authors: Badger Sophie , Wilkinson Dean , Chopra Isha
Published: December 2024

Exposure to violence in early childhood is considered a public health issue and is a significant predictor of becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence later in life. There has been a significant increase in violence intervention and prevention programs that are available for children and young people; however, there are few evidence-based interventions for younger children. This review systematically explores the existing impact evidence for available intervention and prevention programs targeted at young children (ages 3–8) across the United States and United Kingdom. It also explores the feasibility and methodological issues faced with school-based prevention work. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, six electronic databases were systematically searched. Of the initial 766 articles, 13 met the final inclusion criteria. The findings showed that early intervention programs for vulnerable children can promote prosocial behaviors and protective factors. Outcomes included improved academic achievement, implementation of Social Emotional Learning-based learning, decrease in violence and criminal justice-related outcomes, and increased resiliency and emotional development among children. Evidence also showed that trauma-informed training for staff and teachers can increase teacher awareness of trauma and the importance of trauma-informed practices. Most programs showed a positive change in children as a result of early intervention programs. We discuss important issues for policy and practice in early years teaching, particularly for high-risk populations, and the importance of trauma-informed practices in the long-term, public health approach to violence prevention and reduction. We also highlight important areas for future research on violence prevention programs.
A Randomized Control Trial of a Virtually Delivered Program for Increasing Upper Limb Activity After Stroke
Authors: Simpson Lisa A. , Barclay Ruth , Bayley Mark T. , Brasher Penelope M. A. , Dukelow Sean P. , MacIntosh Bradley J. , MacKay-Lyons Marilyn , Menon Carlo , Mortenson W. Ben , Peng Tzu-Hsuan , Pollock Courtney L. , Pooyania Sepideh , Silverberg Noah D. , Teasell Robert , Yao Jennifer , Eng Janice J.
Published: December 2024

Background

Upper limb activity following stroke is low, which may limit recovery. We investigated whether a virtually-delivered upper limb program, that included a wearable device with reach-to-grasp feedback, would increase upper limb activity after stroke.

Methods

This was a parallel-group, assessor-blinded, randomized control trial conducted at 6 sites across 5 provinces of the CanStroke Recovery Trials Platform between 2020 to 2022. Participants (n = 73) were community-living, less than 1 year post stroke, and had residual arm movement and upper limb use limitations. Participants were randomized via a central web-based randomization service to receive a virtually delivered program (Virtual Arm Boot Camp [V-ABC], n = 36) or waitlist control (n = 37) receiving usual care. V-ABC consisted of a home exercise program, feedback from a wrist-worn device to monitor reach-to-grasp counts, and 6 virtual sessions with a trained therapist over 3 weeks. The primary outcome was the average daily reach-to-grasp counts over 3 days at 4 weeks post baseline assessment. Secondary outcomes included upper limb function, self-reported use, and quality of life. Within-subject changes between pre, post treatment, and 2 months follow up for all participants were also examined as a tertiary analysis.

Results

The V-ABC group demonstrated greater average daily reach-to-grasp counts (primary outcome) at 4 weeks compared to control (mean difference = 368, 95% confidence interval = 6-730, P = .046).

Conclusions

This study provided evidence that a virtually delivered upper limb program that consists of exercise, feedback from a wearable device, and therapist support can increase real-world upper limb activity following stroke.

Clinical Trial Registration:

NCT04232163.
Ten-day vonoprazan–amoxicillin dual therapy versus 14-day esomeprazole–amoxicillin dual therapy for first-line Helicobacter pylori eradication: a prospective multicenter randomized controlled trial
Authors: Zhou Ben-Gang , Guo Ming-Wen , Zhang Li-Juan , Liu Zhi-Dong , Liu Chun-Hua , Li Xue-Feng , Li Shun-Song , Xiao Peng , Bao Bing , Ai Yao-Wei , Ding Yan-Bing
Published: December 2024

Background:

The efficacy of the 14-day esomeprazole–amoxicillin (EA) dual therapy in eradicating Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori) has been widely discussed previously. Vonoprazan, a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker, presents rapid, potent, and long-lasting acid inhibitory effects compared to esomeprazole. However, there is currently a scarcity of direct comparisons between the 10-day vonoprazan–amoxicillin (VA) and the 14-day EA dual therapy for H. pylori eradication.

Objectives:

This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of the 10-day VA and the 14-day EA dual therapy for H. pylori first-line eradication.

Design:

This study was a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized controlled trial.

Methods:

The study was conducted at 10 hospitals in China. In total, 570 newly diagnosed H. pylori-infected patients were recruited from April 2023 to February 2024. These patients were randomly assigned to either the 10-day VA group (vonoprazan 20 mg twice daily + amoxicillin 1000 mg three times daily) or the 14-day EA group (esomeprazole 20 mg four times daily + amoxicillin 750 mg four times daily). The primary outcome was the eradication rate, with secondary outcomes including adverse events and compliance.

Results:

The 10-day VA regimen outperformed the 14-day EA regimen in terms of eradication rates in intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis (85.4% vs 76.7%, p = 0.008), modified ITT analysis (90.7% vs 84.8%, p = 0.036), and per-protocol (PP) analysis (91.1% versus 85.5%, p = 0.047). The non-inferiority p-values in all three analyses were less than 0.001. No statistically significant difference was observed in the incidence of adverse events between the two groups (9.1% vs 11.7%, p = 0.308). The 10-day VA regimen demonstrated higher compliance compared to the 14-day EA regimen ( p = 0.006).

Conclusion:

The 10-day VA dual therapy showed a satisfactory eradication rate of 91.1% (PP analysis), demonstrating good safety and better compliance compared to the 14-day EA dual therapy as the first-line eradication.

Trial registration:

This trial was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration number: ChiCTR2300070475) on April 12, 2023.
Neurotrophic factors for Parkinson's disease: Current status, progress, and remaining questions. Conclusions from a 2023 workshop
Authors: Barker Roger A , Saarma Mart , Svendsen Clive N , Morgan Catherine , Whone Alan , Fiandaca Massimo S , Luz Matthias , Bankiewicz Krystof S , Fiske Brian , Isaacs Lyndsey , Roach Arthur , Phipps Thomas , Kordower Jeffrey H , Lane Emma L , Huttunen Henri J , Sullivan Aideen , O’Keeffe Gerard , Yartseva Valeria , Federoff Howard
Published: December 2024

In 2023, a workshop was organized by the UK charity Cure Parkinson's with The Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research and Parkinson's UK to review the field of growth factors (GFs) for Parkinson's disease (PD). This was a follow up to a previous meeting held in 2019. 1 This 2023 workshop reviewed new relevant data that has emerged in the intervening 4 years around the development of new GFs and better models for studying them including the merit of combining treatments as well as therapies that can be modulated. We also discussed new insights into GF delivery and trial design that have emerged from the analyses of completed GDNF trials, including the patient voice, as well as the recently completed CDNF trial. 2 We then concluded with our recommendations on how GF studies in PD should develop going forward.
Measuring the Impact of Services for Human Trafficking Survivors: Tracking Clinically Significant Improvement Across Outcomes
Authors: Levine Ethan Czuy , Smith David
Published: December 2024

Evaluations of anti-trafficking services typically use statistical significance to determine effectiveness. However, statistically significant increases in quantitative assessments do not necessarily indicate substantive changes in survivors’ lives. This study employs clinically significant improvement as a standard for measuring outcomes among survivors who received services at the Coalition to Abolish Slavery & Trafficking (Cast, N = 167). Analyses focus on Emotional, Medical, Housing, and Social Support needs as measured through a multidimensional assessment administered every three to six months. We operationalize “measurable improvement” as an increase of 0.5 points (12.5 percent of the scale) and “substantial improvement” as an increase of 1.0 point (25 percent of the scale). We use time-to-event analysis to model improvement over time. Median time to measurable improvement ranged from seven to 10 months across dimensions and median to substantial improvement ranged from 12 to 20 months. Labor trafficking survivors had significantly longer timelines to improvement for Medical and Social Support needs than survivors who had experienced both labor and sex trafficking.
Pilon Fractures: An Ideal Model to Understand Biological Factors Implicated in the Pathogenesis of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis
Authors: Foster Jeffrey A. , Griffin Jarod T. , Muhammad Maaz , Sierra-Arce Carlos R. , Southall Wyatt G.S. , Borgida Jacob S.W. , Wagner Robert K. , Ismaeel Ahmed , McCarthy John J. , Ly Thuan V. , Srinath Arjun , Landy David C. , Aneja Arun
Published: December 2024

Category:

Ankle Arthritis; Trauma

Introduction/Purpose:

Intraarticular pilon fractures have a high rate of posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) despite anatomic reduction of the articular surface. Elevated synovial inflammatory proteins triggered by injury contribute to PTOA development.MicroRNAs (miRNA), regulators of gene expression, are dysregulated in the cartilage of osteoarthritic joints, and their modulation may deter cartilage destruction. Specifically, miRNA-146a is associated with normal cartilage development and prevents overexpression of inflammatory proteins in degenerative osteoarthritis but is yet to be studied in clinical PTOA. This novel study aims to determine the effect of acute intraarticular pilon fracture on miRNA-146a expression and its association with inflammatory proteins.

Methods:

Bilateral ankles of patients with unilateral pilon fracture were aspirated for synovial fluid at the time of external fixation and/or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF). After processing, synovial fluid samples were sequenced for small RNA analysis. Measured levels of miRNA-146a in injured ankles were compared to the contralateral uninjured ankles, which served as baseline controls.

Results:

Five patients with unilateral pilon fractures consented to participate in the study. miRNA-146a was readily detectable in all patient samples. Using uninjured ankles (n=5) as a control, mean fold miRNA-146a expression was 1.0 ±0.93 [Mean ± Standard Deviation (SD)]. In comparison, mean fold miRNA-146a in injured ankles (n=5) was 0.4 ± 0.53(p=0.07). Additional results will be analyzed and available to present at the 2024 AOFAS Annual Meeting.

Conclusion:

Though not statistically significant, our preliminary data demonstrated that miRNA-146a was lower in injured ankles when compared to uninjured ankles. This study aims to better characterize the effect of acute pilon fracture on miRNA-146 expression and its association with inflammatory proteins. Anticipated results will help elucidate the role of miRNA-146a in the pathogenesis of PTOA following pilon fracture, impacting future PTOA research on the diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities of miRNAs.
Radiological and Clinical Outcomes of the Dovetailed Notch Scarf Osteotomy for Correcting the First Metatarsal Pronation in Moderate to Severe Hallux Valgus Deformity: A Comparative Study
Authors: Zhang Ming-Zhu , Wang Chao
Published: December 2024

Category:

Bunion; Midfoot/Forefoot

Introduction/Purpose:

The traditional scarf osteotomy (TSO) has limited ability to correct the first metatarsal pronation. A novel modification which we refer to as a “dovetailed notch Scarf osteotomy” (DNSO) has been developed to enhance the ability to correct coronal plane pronation. The study aimed to observe and compare TSO to DNSO in the treatment of moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 78 feet that had a TSO and 105 feet that had a DNSO.Minimum follow-up was 24 months.Weightbearing CT (WBCT) and weightbearing anterior-posterior (AP) radiographs were taken preoperatively and at the last follow-up. We measured the intermetatarsal angle (IMA), hallux valgus angle (HVA), distal metatarsal articular surface angle (DMAA) on AP radoigrpahs and first metatarsal coronal pronation angle (α angle), tibial sesamoid coronal grading (TSCG), and first metatarsal length (FML) on WBCT. Clinical assessment was done using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM), and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). The occurrence of postoperative complications was also documented.

Results:

The DNSO group exhibited a significantly higher correction amount of α angle and IMA (14.3±9.9° and 10.3±4.6°) than the TSO group (8.6±5.9 °and 5.4±5.9°) during the final follow-up assessment (P<.05).The DNSO group (10.1±6.9°and 4.8±3.1°) demonstrated significantly smaller α angle and IMA compared to the TSO group (15.3±5.7°and 9.1±5.0°) at 24 months post-surgery (P<.05). (P<.05 ).The postoperative FAAM-ADL and SF-36-PF scores were significantly higher in the DNSO group (97.2±3.3 and 95.7±4.4 points) compared to the TSO group (92.3±3.3 and 87.7±8.7 points) (P<.05). Additionally, hallux varus occurred in one case in the DNSO group, while four cases were observed in the TSO group.

Conclusion:

Two osteotomy methods can effectively correct moderate to severe hallux valgus deformity. Compared with the TSO, the DNSO has stronger correction ability. The most crucial aspect lies in its controllability when correcting first metatarsal pronation, as well as its exceptional performance in addressing IMA.
Using simulation to augment root cause analysis for patient safety incidents at a tertiary care women's and children's hospital: A qualitative feasibility study
Authors: Burchell Drew , MacPhee Shannon , Sinclair Douglas , Curran Janet , Thebault Ashley , Burns Emma , Ornstein Amy , Foster Jennifer , Palmer Jane
Published: December 2024

Background

Rates of preventable harm in healthcare remain high despite comprehensive strategies to reduce and address patient safety issues. Newer methods such as simulation could add enhanced contextual understanding and may be a valuable tool to further understand and recommend changes based on patient safety incidents. However, the feasibility of simulation implementation needs to be considered to ensure its success. The Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) provides a structure to identify factors of behavior that could influence the adoption of simulation as a safety tool in a healthcare environment.

Objective

To examine staff and clinician perspectives on the feasibility of a simulation-based patient safety initiative at a tertiary care women's and children's hospital.

Methods

Sixteen individual, semi-structured interviews were conducted with health center staff and physicians about the potential of simulation as a patient safety tool. Qualitative data was analyzed using a deductive content analysis, using the 14 TDF categories as a framework.

Results

Barriers and enablers to a simulation-based patient safety initiative were identified. Main barriers included social influences (cultural belief that simulation for patient safety is punitive), emotions, and environmental context. Main enablers included social influences (culture that values patient safety), goals/intentions (wanting to deliver safest care to patients), and beliefs about consequences (simulation as a valuable learning experience leading to improved care).

Conclusions

Though several barriers were identified, participants had recommendations for how to mitigate them and overall indicated support for using simulation as a patient safety tool.
Lemmel’s Syndrome With an Unusual Clinical Onset: Lessons Learned Based on This Patient Case
Authors: Farina Renato , Inì Corrado , Foti Pietro Valerio , D’Urso Mattia , Motta Claudia , Cocuzza Giuseppe , Tiralongo Francesco , Aliotta Lorenzo , Amaduri Agata , Castiglione Davide , Basile Antonio
Published: December 2024

Lemmel’s syndrome is a rare disease caused by periampullary duodenal diverticula that can compress the bile ducts, causing non-obstructive jaundice. The diagnosis is not easy due to the lack of knowledge and non-specificity of symptoms. In most patients, the periampullary diverticulum causes mild compression and is asymptomatic, but if the compression of the bile ducts is significant and prolonged over time, it can cause cholangitis, lithiasis, as well as jaundice. Sonography can highlight the dilation of the left bile ducts that is typical of the disease and exclude the lithiasic nature of the obstruction. Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging contributes to the diagnosis and, in addition to highlighting the periampullary duodenal diverticulum, can exclude other causes of biliary tract compression. The diverticulum can also be highlighted with fluoroscopy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. The treatment of choice is surgery with removal of the diverticulum, but alternatively it can be conservative with endoscopic emptying of the diverticulum. This study documents a case with unusual onset and acute intestinal obstruction.
Superolateral capsule pathway: a new arthroscopic viewing approach for spotting femoral fixation device in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Ding Ming , Liao BingHui , Shangguan Lei , Wang YingChun , Xu Hu
Published: December 2024

Background

This study aimed to describe the arthroscopic superlateral capsule pathway technique for spotting femoral fixation device deployment, and to compare the results with normal procedure.

Methods

A total of 69 patients underwent ACLR (Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction) with or without the SCP (superolateral capsule pathway) during procedure were retrospectively selected and evaluated. A total of 36 patients underwent SCP and 33 patients underwent ACLR without SCP. Mean follow-up was 6 months after surgery. All patient noted joint fluid, underwent VAS and Lysholm score at follow-up, and statistical analysis was performed.

Results

No statistically significant differences were found in patient demographics, ACLR duration time (p = 0.076) and Lysholm score (p = 0.296). Significantly less postoperation pain was reported in the SCP group (p = 0.000), and fluid volume in SCP group was significantly lower (p = 0.001). The postoperative complications were rare in both group.

Conclusions

The superolateral capsule pathway approach is a minimally invasive and safe technique that can be used to accurately locate and implant suture button-based femoral fixation devices in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Perioperative risk factors for osteoporosis after radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer
Authors: Lee Hyun-Jae , Ahn Hye Seong , Han Dong-Seok
Published: December 2024

Background

Osteoporosis, a frequent complication of gastrectomy, increases with age, and the average age of gastric cancer patients continues to rise. This study aims to analyze perioperative factors of osteoporosis after radical gastrectomy.

Materials and methods

This retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry after gastrectomy due to gastric cancer between 2016 and 2019 at Seoul Boramae Medical Center. Data were analyzed from before surgery to 12 months after surgery. Statistical analyses identified osteoporosis risk factors among perioperative factors.

Results

Among 189 patients, osteoporosis was diagnosed in 72 patients and peaked at 36 months postoperatively (46.3%; 24 out of 54) with the lowest mean T score of -3.34 although Ca and vitamin D supplements were prescribed to 157 patients (83.1%) on average 32.4 months postoperatively. In multivariate analysis, age (P = 0.002; Adjusted OR: 1.059, 95% CI: 1.020–1.098), body weight (P = 0.009; Adjusted OR: 0.950, 95% CI: 0.914–0.987), sex (P = 0.021; Adjusted OR: 2.322, 95% CI: 1.138–4.739), and serum ALP (P = 0.009; Adjusted OR: 1.023, 95% CI: 1.006–1.040) were significant preoperatively. Additionally, age (P = 0.005; Adjusted OR: 1.067, 95% CI: 1.020–1.116), serum Ca (P = 0.046; Adjusted OR: 0.357, 95% CI: 0.130–0.980), Cr (P = 0.003; Adjusted OR: 0.021, 95% CI: 0.002–0.268), and ALP (P = 0.014; Adjusted OR: 1.017, 95% CI: 1.003–1.030) were observed significantly at 12 months postoperatively.

Conclusions

38.1% of patients were diagnosed with osteoporosis after radical gastrectomy, despite Ca and vitamin D supplements. Age, body weight, sex, serum Ca, Cr, and ALP correlated with osteoporosis perioperatively.
Black soldier fly larvae: a one health approach to investigate gut, and organ health and meat quality response in slow-growing chickens
Authors: Fiorilla Edoardo , Ferrocino Ilario , Gariglio Marta , Gai Francesco , Zambotto Valeria , Ozella Laura , Franciosa Irene , Giribaldi Marzia , Antoniazzi Sara , Raspa Federica , Cappone Eleonora Erika , Fabrikov Dmitri , Pozzo Sara , Bongiorno Valentina , Calissano Alice , Ippolito Dorotea , Bergagna Stefania , Srikanthithasan Karthika , Forte Claudio , Capucchio Maria Teresa , Schiavone Achille
Published: December 2024

Background

The inclusion of sustainable protein sources in poultry feed has become essential for improving animal welfare in livestock production. Black soldier fly larvae are a promising solution due to their high protein content and sustainable production. However, most research has focused on fast-growing poultry breeds, while the effects on native breeds, such as the Bianca di Saluzzo, are less explored. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of BSFL supplementation in the diet of slow-growing chickens, with a focus on growth, intestinal health and meat quality for final consumers.

Results

The study demonstrated that Black soldier fly larvae supplementation, both in dehydrated and live form, improved growth performance, with an increase in final weights compared to the control group. No significant differences were found in feed conversion ratio, liver and spleen weight or histomorphometry between groups. Black soldier fly larvae supplementation did not negatively affect immune function or liver metabolism. Higher production propionic acid was detected in the black soldier fly larvae fed groups compared to the control, suggesting an effect on volatile fatty acid production. Gut microbiota analysis showed an increase in beneficial bacteria, such as Faecalibacterium, in the live larvae group. Furthermore, the meat fatty acid profile and atherogenicity and thrombogenicity indices did not undergo significant changes, implying a low potential risk to consumers’ cardiovascular health.

Conclusions

Black soldier fly larvae supplementation in the diet of Bianca di Saluzzo improved growth without compromising animal health or meat quality. Moreover, the increase in beneficial volatile fatty acids and the modulation of gut microbiota suggest a positive impact on gut health. Finally, the absence of negative effects on meat lipid profiles confirms nutritional safety for consumers, making black soldier fly larvae a valid alternative in poultry feed. These results offer new perspectives for the use of Black soldier fly larvae in the nutrition of local breeds, contributing to sustainability in line with the One Health approach.
Family concerns in organ donor conversations: a qualitative embedded multiple-case study
Authors: van Oosterhout Sanne P. C. , van der Niet Anneke G. , Abdo Wilson F. , Boenink Marianne , van Gurp Jelle L. P. , Olthuis Gert
Published: December 2024

Background

Listening and responding to family concerns in organ and tissue donation is generally considered important, but has never been researched in real time. We aimed to explore in real time, (a) which family concerns emerge in the donation process, (b) how these concerns manifest during and after the donor conversation, and (c) how clinicians respond to the concerns during the donor conversation.

Methods

A qualitative embedded multiple-case study in eight Dutch hospitals was conducted. Thematic analysis was performed based on audio recordings and direct observations of 29 donor conversations and interviews with the family members involved (n = 24).

Results

Concerns clustered around six topics: 1) Life-event of a relative’s death, 2) Dying well, 3) Tensions and fears about donation, 4) Experiences of time, 5) Procedural clarity, and 6) Involving (non-)present family. Most concerns occurred in topics 1 and 2. Clinicians mostly responded to concerns by providing information or immediate solutions, while sometimes acknowledgement sufficed. When concerns were highly charged with emotion, the clinicians’ responses were less frequently attuned to families’ needs. Cues of less clearly articulated concerns gained less follow-up. Then, concerns often remained or reappeared.

Conclusion

The identified concerns and the distinction between clearly and less clearly articulated concerns may prove valuable for clinicians to improve family support. We advise clinicians to engage with a curious, probing attitude to enhance the dialogue around concerns, elaborate on less clearly articulated concerns and identify the informational needs of the family.
Multiplexed amplicon sequencing reveals the heterogeneous spatial distribution of pyrethroid resistance mutations in Aedes albopictus mosquito populations in southern France
Authors: Fontaine Albin , Mignotte Antoine , Lacour Guillaume , Nguyen Agnès , Gomez Nicolas , Chanaud Lionel , L’Ambert Grégory , Briolant Sébastien
Published: December 2024

Background

The risk of mosquito-borne disease transmission is increasing in temperate climates with the colonization and proliferation of the Asian tiger mosquito vector Aedes albopictus and the rapid mass transport of passengers returning from tropical regions where viruses are endemic. The prevention of major Aedes-borne viruses heavily relies on the use of insecticides for vector control, mainly pyrethroids. In Europe, only deltamethrin is authorized.

Methods

High-throughput molecular assays can provide a cost-effective surrogate to phenotypic insecticide resistance assays when mutations have been previously linked to a resistance phenotype. Here, we screened for the spatial distribution of knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations at a large scale using a two-step approach based on multiplexed amplicon sequencing and an unprecedented collection of field-derived mosquitoes from 95 sites in 61 municipalities, alongside a west-to-east transect in the south of France, from June to September 2021.

Results

We identified the presence of the V1016G allele in 14 sites. The V1016G allele was predominantly found in southeast France close to the Italian border, with two additional isolated sites close to Bordeaux and Marmande. All mosquitoes were heterozygous for this mutation and should not be phenotypically resistant to pyrethroid insecticide. Four other mutations were identified in our targeted genomic sequence: I1532T, M1006L, M1586L, M995L. Sequencing a section of maternally inherited mitochondrial genome confirmed that the spread of Ae. albopictus in France originated from founders within haplogroup A1.

Conclusions

These findings contribute to the broader understanding of resistance dynamics in Europe and can inform targeted approaches to mitigate the impact of resistance on vector control.
Allergic rhinitis
Authors: Rosenfield Lana , Keith Paul K. , Quirt Jaclyn , Small Peter , Ellis Anne K.
Published: December 2024

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disorder that is strongly linked to asthma and conjunctivitis. Classic symptoms include nasal congestion, nasal itch, rhinorrhea and sneezing. A thorough history, physical examination and assessment of allergen sensitization are important for establishing the diagnosis of AR. Intranasal corticosteroids and second-generation antihistamines are the mainstay of treatment. Allergen immunotherapy is an effective immune-modulating treatment for use in addition to or as an alternative to pharmacologic therapy. This article provides an overview on the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and appropriate management of AR.
Kinematic source rupture on listric faults for the 2024 Noto Peninsula, Japan, earthquake (Mw 7.5) estimated from near-field strong-motion waveforms
Authors: Guo Yujia , Miyakoshi Ken , Sato Toshiaki
Published: December 2024

On January 1, 2024, an Mw 7.5 reverse-fault earthquake occurred along the submarine active faults just offshore of the Noto Peninsula in central Japan. This earthquake is one of the largest inland crustal earthquakes that ever recorded in Japan. We performed inversions of near-field strong-motion waveforms (0.05–0.25 Hz) to investigate the kinematic rupture process of this earthquake. For the inversions, we assumed listric fault planes, where the dip angles are steeper near the seafloor and become gentler with increased depth, based on the location of the submarine fault offsets, the structure at shallow depths revealed by seismic reflection surveys, and the relocated aftershock distribution at deep depths. To constrain our kinematic source model, we also utilized geodetic information published by the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan. We identified that the rupture process had three phases. The first phase was the initial rupture with a small slip of ~ 2 m around the rupture initiation area. After several seconds, the second and third phases, which were the main ruptures, propagated in the southwest and northeast directions, respectively. During the second and third phases, five large slip areas with average slips of 5–6 m significantly contributed to the strong-motion waveforms. By forward-simulating the geodetic data, we found that the rupture at shallow depths included an oblique component close to a right-lateral component and that, in the eastern part of the source region, the rupture transferred from a southeastward-dipping fault to a northwestward-dipping fault. The listric fault with high dip angles at shallow depths is better than a planar fault with a single dip angle for accurately modeling the fault slip near the surface and the coseismic displacement close to the fault trace during the reverse-fault earthquake.

Graphical abstract