bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The Languo of Flows”
Authors: Brannigan John , Ryfield Frances , Crowe Tasman , Cabana David
Published: November 2019

“Flow” is a key concept in our era of liquid modernity, across a broad range of ecological, economic, and cultural discourses. In this essay, we examine the material flows integral to naturecultures through the specific case study of Seascale on the Cumbria coast in the UK. Through an analysis of cultural representations, we show the construction of Seascale as a seaside resort in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, and the rapid and irrevocable sinking of its cultural value since the commissioning of the nuclear power and reprocessing plant at Sellafield in 1947. By following the “flows” of pleasure, emotion, energy, and waste through Seascale, we explore the legacies of nuclear contamination for coastal communities, within a broader regime of the commodification of nature. This essay emerges from a transdisciplinary research project to investigate the cultural influences and impacts of ecosystem change in coastal environments around the Irish Sea. A collaboration between environmental humanities and ecological sciences, the project sought a materialist intervention in the conceptualization and practice of ecosystem assessment so as to capture and map a more inclusive and multidirectional sense of the flows that are integral to ecosystems, and to move beyond the limitations of dominant models of environmental stewardship. In contrast to the ways in which flow metaphors have been employed in contemporary economic and environmental discourse, the project attempts to analyze the material flows integral to naturecultures through particular places, perspectives, and agencies.
Chronophilia; or, Biding Time in a Solar System
Authors: Hall Marcus
Published: November 2019

Having evolved in a dynamic solar system, all life on earth has adapted to and depends on recurring and repeating cycles of light, heat, and gravity. Our sleep cycles, reproductive cycles, and emotional cycles are all linked in varying ways to planetary motion even though we continually disrupt, modify, or extend these cycles to go about our personal and collective business. This essay explores how our sense of time is both physiological and cultural, with deep ramifications for confronting such challenges as jet lag, navigation, calendar construction, shift work, and even life span. Although chronobiologists have posited the existence of a Zeitgeber, or external master clock that serves to reset our internal clocks, it has become clear that any master clock relies as much on natural elements (such as a rising sun) as cultural elements (such as an alarm clock). Moreover the “circa” of circadian rhythms, suggests that our activities and emotions recur, not in exact twenty-four-hour cycles, but in more plastic and approximate cycles that, according to circumstance and individual, may span somewhat longer or shorter periods than one earthly rotation. Or as one chronobiologist explains, “Any one physiologic variable is characterized by a spectrum of rhythms that are genetically anchored, sociologically synchronized . . . and influenced by heliogeophysical effects.” As we contemplate faster and further travel and other activities that disrupt our biorhythms, we need to develop greater awareness of chronophilia, our attachment to rhythm, our love of familiar time.
Self-Assembly of Radially π-Extended Tetrathiafulvalene Tetramers for Visible and Near Infrared Electrochromic Nanofiber
Authors: Hasegawa Masashi , Iyoda Masahiko
Published: November 2019

The self-assembly and electrochromic nanofiber formation of radially π-extended tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) tetramers anchored to 1,2,4,5-tetraethynylbenzene were investigated. The tetramer with SBu-substituents underwent self-assembly in solution. Cationic species of the tetramer, obtained by chemical oxidation with Fe(ClO4)3, exhibited a marked electrochromism in the solution. Their electronic spectra revealed absorption bands corresponding to intermolecular mixed-valence aggregation based on (TTF//TTF)•+, and π-aggregation based on (TTF•+//TTF•+) due to the strong molecular association in the cationic species. Furthermore, the tetramer formed an entangled nanoscale fibrous material from CHCl3–hexane. Electrochemical oxidation of the nanofiber on an indium tin oxide electrode revealed a repeatable redox profile. The nanofiber displayed remarkable electrochromic behavior: the color of the fiber changed from purple (neutral) to brown/brownish green (dication and trication) and green (tetracation). These color changes of the nanofiber are similar to those in solution, and the electronic spectra of the oxidized nanofibers reflected the stacked TTF units in the cationic nanofibers.
Force-sharing within the Triceps Surae: An Achilles Heel in Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: CROUZIER MARION , TUCKER KYLIE , LACOURPAILLE LILIAN , DOGUET VALENTIN , FAYET GUILLEMETTE , DAUTY MARC , HUG FRANÇOIS
Published: November 2019

Purpose

The primary aim of this study was to determine whether the distribution of force between the three heads of the triceps surae differs between people with Achilles tendinopathy and controls. We also aimed to determine the effect of this force distribution on subtendon strain.

Methods

Data were collected for 21 participants with Achilles tendinopathy and 21, case-wise paired, asymptomatic controls. Ultrasonography was used to measure muscle volume, fascicle length, pennation angle and subtendon length at rest. Muscle activation was estimated using surface electromyography during maximal and submaximal isometric plantarflexion tasks. The product of normalized activation, physiological cross-sectional area, and the cosine of the pennation angle was considered as an index of individual muscle force. Displacement of the distal myotendinous junction of each muscle was measured during the submaximal contractions.

Results

The contribution of the gastrocnemius lateralis to the overall triceps surae physiological cross-sectional area and activation was 8.5% (P = 0.047, d = 0.75) and 24.7% lower (main effect group P = 0.009, d = 0.67) in people with Achilles tendinopathy than in the controls, respectively. Consequently, gastrocnemius lateralis contributed approximately 28% less (main effect group P = 0.025, d = 0.62) of the triceps surae force in people with Achilles tendinopathy. The contribution of gastrocnemius medialis and soleus was not different between groups. Subtendon strain was not different between groups (P = 0.835).

Conclusions

These results provide evidence for a difference in force-sharing strategy within the triceps surae in people with Achilles tendinopathy compared with the controls. Whether this altered strategy is a cause or a consequence of Achilles tendinopathy should be explored further.
The Violent Legacy of Conflict: Evidence on Asylum Seekers, Crime, and Public Policy in Switzerland
Authors: Couttenier Mathieu , Petrencu Veronica , Rohner Dominic , Thoenig Mathias
Published: November 2019

We study empirically how past exposure to conflict in origin countries makes migrants more violence-prone in their host country, focusing on asylum seekers in Switzerland. We exploit a novel and unique dataset on all crimes reported in Switzerland by the nationalities of perpetrators and of victims over 2009–2016. Our baseline result is that cohorts exposed to civil conflict/mass killing during childhood are 35 percent more prone to violent crime than the average cohort. This effect is particularly strong for early childhood exposure and is mostly confined to co-nationals, consistent with inter-group hostility persisting over time. We exploit cross-region heterogeneity in public policies within Switzerland to document which integration policies are best able to mitigate the detrimental effect of past conflict exposure on violent criminality. We find that offering labor market access to asylum seekers eliminates two-thirds of the effect. (JEL D74, F22, K42, Z18)
The Term Structure of Currency Carry Trade Risk Premia
Authors: Lustig Hanno , Stathopoulos Andreas , Verdelhan Adrien
Published: November 2019

Fixing the investment horizon, the returns to currency carry trades decrease as the maturity of the foreign bonds increases. Across developed countries, the local currency term premia, which increase with the maturity of the bonds, offset the currency risk premia. Similarly, in the time-series, the predictability of foreign bond returns in dollars declines with the bonds’ maturities. Leading no-arbitrage models in international finance do not match the downward term structure of currency carry trade risk premia. We derive a simple preference-free condition that no-arbitrage models need to reproduce in the absence of carry trade risk premia on long-term bonds. (JEL E43, G12, G15)
Recent advances in Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Robinson Caitlin G. , Tan Daniel , Yu Siegrid S.
Published: November 2019

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine skin cancer that has been historically associated with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In the past 10 years, research in MCC has progressed significantly, demonstrating improved outcomes when treating with immunotherapy, particularly PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, when compared with conventional chemotherapy. There is also increasing evidence of the abscopal effect, a phenomenon describing the regression of untreated, distant MCC tumors following local radiation therapy. Additionally, antibodies to Merkel cell polyomavirus oncoproteins have been found to correlate with disease burden in a subset of patients, providing a useful tool for surveillance after treatment. Guidelines for the management of MCC will likely continue to change as research on surveillance and treatment of MCC continues.
The Impact of Service-Learning on EFL Teacher Candidates’ Academic and Personal Development
Authors: Simsek Meliha R.
Published: November 2019

Despite its well-documented benefits for training a wide range of professionals, including teacher candidates in almost all content areas, the incorporation of service-learning into foreign language teacher education is relatively new, and most research only dealt with narrative accounts of non-work-related charitable activities. Consequently, this study sought to investigate the impact of the 20-hour peer-tutoring project on the teaching beliefs, community service attitudes, personal and professional development of 14 Turkish EFL teacher candidates. A comparison between their pre- and post-service metaphors revealed a conceptual shift not only in their teaching perspectives from the behaviorist to constructivist paradigm for knowledge acquisition, but also in their community partnership approaches from the unidirectional to reciprocal pattern of altruism towards their tutees. The classification of their written reflections into six types of significant learning demonstrated that despite a relatively greater focus on expressing their foundational knowledge and application practices, a more balanced distribution of learning gains was achieved between the two overarching spheres of academic learning and personal growth, when coursework engagement and multimodal reflections were co-implemented. They reported developing effective teacher dispositions, interpersonal skills and social responsibility, valued intrinsic rewards for their contributions to the youth well-being, and also appreciated the informal professional learning opportunities the peer-tutoring service offered, though without establishing their own learning agendas.
Thermal and temporal stability of the nitridated Ru/B4C multilayer for high-flux monochromator application
Authors: Liu Yang , Huang Qiushi , Qi Runze , Feng Yufei , Zhang Zhong , Yin Guangzhi , Zhang Xingmin , Jiang Hui , Wang Zhanshan
Published: November 2019

A nitridated

R
u

/

B

4

C

multilayer with period of 3.0 nm and
80 bilayers were fabricated to study thermal and temporal stability.
The multilayer was annealed from room temperature to 490°C, and the
in situ X-ray measurements showed that
the reflectivity remains mostly unchanged up to 300°C. An essential
drop of the reflectivity occurred at 490°C with significantly
increased interface roughness. A new layered structure with larger
thickness than the original multilayer started to appear at 400°C. The
nitridated

R
u

/

B

4

C

multilayer remains intact after two
years of storage in air, which demonstrated a very good temporal
stability.
Peeling Onions with Granny: On being moved to collaborate
Authors: Murjas Teresa
Published: November 2019

This article contemplates the work of UK-based artists' collective Peeling Onions with Granny (POWG). It explores the synergies between four mixed-media projects. These centre on inter-generational legacies of forced displacement. Each artist discussed was born in the United Kingdom in the 1960s/70s. However, during or shortly after the Second World War, our parents and/or grandparents fell victim to Soviet mass deportations from Poland and Latvia to Siberia. The article reflects on the ethical dimensions of our creative engagement with these legacies. It asks what, in a politically volatile 'pre-Brexit' climate, we as both practitioners and descendants of immigrants are bringing to the 'feast'.
Relationship between certain serum biochemical values and serostatus against Anaplasma marginale in dairy cows
Authors: Alekish Myassar O. , Ismail Zuhair Bani
Published: November 2019

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the possible association between values of certain serum biochemical parameters and seropositivity against Anaplasma marginale in dairy cows. Materials and Methods: Serum samples from 60 seropositive and 40 seronegative cows were used to determine the values of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), glucose, creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) using commercially available kits and reagents. The serostatus of cows against A. marginale was determined using a commercially available cellular enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Significant differences in serum biochemical values between seropositive and seronegative groups were evaluated using independent Student's t-test. Possible associations between the serostatus of the cows and different biochemical parameters were evaluated using univariate followed by multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results: There was a statistically significant increase (p≤0.05) in values of total protein, BHB, LDH, and AST in seropositive cows compared to seronegative cows while a non-significant increase in values of ALP, ALT, and GGT was detected in seropositive cows. A strong correlation (R=0.69) between serum levels of BHB, LDH, and AST and seropositivity against A. marginale was detected. Conclusion: There is evidence of a possible association between A. marginale infection and liver damage/hepatic fatty degeneration in dairy cows. Further studies, however, are required to elucidate the exact pathophysiological mechanisms of this relationship.
PENDEKATAN CULTURE INDEPENDENT UNTUK ANALISIS KOMUNITAS BAKTERI
Authors: Afianti Nur Fitriah , Darmayati Yeti
Published: November 2019

CULTURE INDEPENDENT APPROACH FOR BACTERIAL COMMUNITY ANALYSIS. Analysis of bacterial community can be through two approaches, through cultivation (culture dependent) and without cultivation (culture independent). Culture dependent approach is conventional method which only covered few bacteria because not all bacteria could be cultured. Culture independent approach with molecular techniques based on DNA communities can provide more information about the structure and diversity of bacteria in nature, both culturable bacteria and unculturable bacteria. 16S rRNA gene is commonly target gene used in bacterial communities analysis. Other specific target genes also being developed for specific groups of bacteria. Several methods are developed for the analysis of molecular markers 16S rRNA or other specific genes, including Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE), Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (TRFLP), and Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP).
POTENSI PEMANFAATAN DRONE UNTUK PENYEDIAAN DATA WILAYAH PESISIR
Authors: Prayudha Bayu
Published: November 2019

POTENTIAL USE OF DRONE FOR PROVIDING DATA ON COASTAL AREA. The accurate data and information are needed for the decision maker to manage coastal area. However, the data and information of the coastal area are still lack because Indonesia has vast area and some of the locations are difficult to reach. Remote sensing is a technology that can be utilized to answer those needs. Some of the remote sensing data, especially satellite imagery can be freely acquired from various service providers using online media. Nevertheless, high resolution imagery data is still not available freely because it takes high cost and not always available at any time. One of the potential vehicle to acquire high resolution imagery data of coastal area is Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle (UAV) or widely known as drone.
MENGENAL UNDUR-UNDUR LAUT (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: HIPPIDAE) DAN MANFAATNYA BAGI KEHIDUPAN
Authors: Pratiwi Rianta
Published: November 2019

GET CLOSER TO KNOW THE SEA MOLE CRAB (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: HIPPIDAE) AND THE BENEFITS FOR LIFE. The mole crab or also known as yutuk is an animal belonging to the group of crustaceans. The crab has a small body size and live immersed in the open beach sand in the tropics and sub-tropics. In Indonesia, many are found along the beaches around Yogjakarta, Central Java. One of the most common of species is Emerita emertus, Hippa adactyla and Hippa ovalis. It is highly hunted by the locals as the crab has high economic value, especially for source of nutrious food. Ecologically the crab is an important component in the food chain, in which the crab acts as an initial consumer in trophic level. Continuous and large-scale harvesting can disrupt the stability of the population in nature, therefore knowledgebased management is required to sustain the balanced population
PENGINDERAAN JAUH UNTUK KAJIAN PESISIR
Authors: Fawzi Nurul Ihsan , Iswari Marindah Yulia
Published: November 2019

REMOTE SENSING FOR COASTAL STUDIES. Coastal ecosystem is an ecological  system that is important and the most productive area on earth. On the other hand, pressure on coastal ecosystems for human necessity cause decrease quality of coastal ecosystems. Utilization of coastal areas requires the proper management and suitable with objective. Good management requires appropriate information for decisionmaking. For spatial data, acquisition of information through remote sensing data is the best option. This paper will discuss the utilization of using remote sensing for coastal analysis. Coastal management requires information accurately and quickly to follow up issues or problems that growth up. Remote sensing has provided the capability to provide that information by translating information from digital number to thematic information. Regardless from the problem existing mapping method, utilization remote sensing in the future will be the main data on coastal management, especially in the monitoring and measurement of biophysical parameter in coastal areas.
IMPLANTAÇÃO DE NORMAS DE SEGURANÇA E SAÚDE NO TRABALHO EM UMA EMPRESA DE ENERGIA EÓLICA
Authors: DE CARVALHO JAINARA ALVES , DE ARAÚJO MARIA VALÉRIA PEREIRA , BRITO MARIA ISABEL DE MEDEIROS , XAVIER TÚLIO MEDEIROS
Published: November 2019

A criação do Programa de Incentivo às Fontes Alternativas de Energia Elétrica (PROINFA) atraiu empresas multinacionais para ampliar e diversificar a matriz energética brasileira por meio de fontes renováveis de energia. A Alfa Engenharia, empresa fictícia de origem alemã, veio para o Brasil em 2006 e construiu dois parques eólicos no estado do Ceará, região nordeste do país. No Brasil, não é exigida certificação OHSAS 18001 ou ISO 45001 para implantação de empresas eólicas. A empresa dispunha de sistema de gestão de saúde e segurança do trabalho que não era certificado. Porém não registrou acidentes com afastamento por mais de cinco anos. Em setembro de 2013 essa realidade muda. Um trabalhador ficou afastado de suas funções por 15 dias, impactando negativamente na performance de Segurança do Trabalho da Alfa Brasil. Questionada pela presidência da matriz, que havia registrado seu último acidente em 1993, a diretora geral da empresa, Carla Damares, vive um dilema: adotar um controle mais rígido no sistema de gestão atual ou solicitar uma certificação internacional?
Averaged semi-discrete scheme of sum-approximation for one nonlinear multi-dimensional integro-differential parabolic equation
Authors: Jangveladze Temur , Kiguradze Zurab
Published: November 2019

The paper is devoted to
the construction and study of the additive averaged semi-discrete
scheme for one nonlinear multi-dimensional integro-differential
equation of parabolic type. The studied equation is based on the
well-known Maxwell’s system arising in mathematical simulation of
electromagnetic field penetration into a substance.
Pain therapy to reduce perioperative complications
Authors: Freys Stephan M. , Pogatzki-Zahn Esther
Published: November 2019

The incidence rates of adverse events secondary to any operation are a well-known problem in any surgical field. One outstanding example of such adverse events is postoperative pain. Thus, the incidence of acute postoperative pain following any surgical procedure and its treatment are central issues for every surgeon. In the times of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) programs, acute pain therapy became an increasingly well investigated and accepted aspect in almost all surgical subspecialties. However, if it comes to the reduction of postoperative complications, in the actual context of postoperative pain, surgeons tend to focus on the operative process rather than on the perioperative procedures. Undoubtedly, postoperative pain became an important factor with regard to the quality of surgical care: both, the extent and the quality of the surgical procedure and the extent and the quality of the analgesic technique are decisive issues for a successful pain management. There is growing evidence that supports the role of acute pain therapy in reducing postoperative morbidity, and it has been demonstrated that high pain scores postoperatively may contribute to a complicated postoperative course. This overview comprises the current knowledge on the role of acute pain therapy with regard to the occurrence of postoperative complications. Most of the knowledge is derived from studies that primarily focus on the type and quality of postoperative pain therapy in relation to specific surgical procedures and only secondary on complications. As far as existent, data that report on the recovery period after surgery, on the rehabilitation status, on perioperative morbidity, on the development of chronic pain after surgery, and on possible solutions of the latter problem with the institution of transitional pain services will be presented.
Investigation of the reactivity of 4-amino-5-hydrazineyl-4H-1,2, 4-triazole-3-thiol towards some selected carbonyl compounds: synthesis of novel triazolotriazine-, triazolotetrazine-, and triazolopthalazine derivatives
Authors: El-Shaieb Kamal M. , Mohamed Asmaa H. , Abdel-latif Fathy F.
Published: November 2019

The reactivity of 4-amino-5-hydrazineyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol (1) towards several carbonyl compounds was investigated. We have found that on treatment of 1 with isatoic anhydride (2), 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (4), diphenic anhydride (6), pyromellitic dianhydride (8), and tetrabromophthalic anhydride (10), the reaction proceeds to give triazolotetrazine- and triazolophthalazine derivatives in good yields using simple experimental procedures. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed using different spectroscopic data (1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis). The mechanism of the obtained products was also discussed.
A Vapor Testing Device for Evaluating the Effect of Steam on Compacted Bentonite
Authors: Tan Yun-zhi , Peng Fan , Limunga Gideon Mbwenga
Published: November 2019

The effect of steam on the buffer material used in high-level radioactive waste (HLW) repositories has led to incessant uncertainty on the safety assessment because of the likelihood of loss in isolating potential. Hydraulic properties of compacted bentonite during vapor treatment is not fully and directly understood because of the difficulty of performing necessary tests under repository conditions. This article presents a vapor testing device conceived of and developed to monitor the evolution of swelling pressure and gas pressure during steam treatment and hydraulic conductivity after treatment under constant volume conditions. Although heat lag and thermal expansion were observed, the heating procedures were cautiously controlled and the swelling pressures were corrected, accordingly. Furthermore, the hydraulic properties of compacted bentonite during and after treatment were tested with a water-to-solid ratio of 1.3 and at different temperatures. Overall, the developed apparatus has demonstrated itself as an effective tool to better comprehend the interaction between bentonite and water vapor as regards to the temperature gradient and boundary conditions.
Walking Contemporary Indigenous Songlines as Public Pedagogies of Country
Authors: Somerville Margaret , Tobin Leanne , Tobin Jacinta
Published: November 2019

The singing and dancing of Darug peoples once echoed throughout the Hawkesbury Nepean riverlands in ceremony. A long and challenging walk through bushland along the Nepean River, from Emu Green to Yarramundi on the Hawkesbury River, invites the walker to meditate on the presences and absences of these river places. Yarramundi is an important site for Darug people today, as it holds the history and cultural memories of singing the rivers in song and ceremony. Walking contemporary Indigenous songlines asks how we can come to know the river through walking the contemporary songlines of Darug songwriters and artists that sing the country of the riverlands today, and what is produced when this is enacted as public pedagogy. The paper explores a process of walking the Nepean River Trail, from my home at Emu Green to the Shaws Creek and Yellomundee Aboriginal cultural trails. The walk is reproduced as public pedagogy with collaborators Leanne and Jacinta Tobin, who have deep family connections to Yarramundi: connections that were temporarily lost through their early lives, and recreated through art, language and music practices in contemporary creations of ancestral songlines and connections. The public pedagogy performance was enacted at the Circular Quay International Passenger Terminal in a presentation of three songs, 73 artworks, and a short explanatory talk to an audience of 700members of the Australian Institute of Landscape Architects. This paper asks: What does this public pedagogy produce? What does it mean to enact it at this historic site of colonial invasion and contemporary arrival of both temporary and permanent immigrants to this landscape?
The Importance of Considering Model Choices When Interpreting Results in Computational Neuroimaging
Authors: Sprague Thomas C. , Boynton Geoffrey M. , Serences John T.
Published: November 2019

Model-based analyses open exciting opportunities for understanding neural information processing. In a commentary published ineNeuro, Gardner and Liu (2019) discuss the role of model specification in interpreting results derived from complex models of neural data. As a case study, they suggest that one such analysis, the inverted encoding model (IEM), should not be used to assay properties of “stimulus representations” because the ability to apply linear transformations at various stages of the analysis procedure renders results “arbitrary.” Here, we argue that the specification of all models is arbitrary to the extent that an experimenter makes choices based on current knowledge of the model system. However, the results derived from any given model, such as the reconstructed channel response profiles obtained from an IEM analysis, are uniquely defined and are arbitrary only in the sense that changes in the model can predictably change results. IEM-based channel response profiles should therefore not be considered arbitrary when the model is clearly specified and guided by our best understanding of neural population representations in the brain regions being analyzed. Intuitions derived from this case study are important to consider when interpreting results from all model-based analyses, which are similarly contingent upon the specification of the models used.
Predicting the Partition of Behavioral Variability in Speed Perception with Naturalistic Stimuli
Authors: Chin Benjamin M. , Burge Johannes
Published: November 2019

A core goal of visual neuroscience is to predict human perceptual performance from natural signals. Performance in any natural task can be limited by at least three sources of uncertainty: stimulus variability, internal noise, and suboptimal computations. Determining the relative importance of these factors has been a focus of interest for decades but requires methods for predicting the fundamental limits imposed by stimulus variability on sensory-perceptual precision. Most successes have been limited to simple stimuli and simple tasks. But perception science ultimately aims to understand how vision works with natural stimuli. Successes in this domain have proven elusive. Here, we develop a model of humans based on an image-computable (images in, estimates out) Bayesian ideal observer. Given biological constraints, the ideal optimally uses the statistics relating local intensity patterns in moving images to speed, specifying the fundamental limits imposed by natural stimuli. Next, we propose a theoretical link between two key decision-theoretic quantities that suggests how to experimentally disentangle the impacts of internal noise and deterministic suboptimal computations. In several interlocking discrimination experiments with three male observers, we confirm this link and determine the quantitative impact of each candidate performance-limiting factor. Human performance is near-exclusively limited by natural stimulus variability and internal noise, and humans use near-optimal computations to estimate speed from naturalistic image movies. The findings indicate that the partition of behavioral variability can be predicted from a principled analysis of natural images and scenes. The approach should be extendable to studies of neural variability with natural signals.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAccurate estimation of speed is critical for determining motion in the environment, but humans cannot perform this task without error. Different objects moving at the same speed cast different images on the eyes. This stimulus variability imposes fundamental external limits on the human ability to estimate speed. Predicting these limits has proven difficult. Here, by analyzing natural signals, we predict the quantitative impact of natural stimulus variability on human performance given biological constraints. With integrated experiments, we compare its impact to well-studied performance-limiting factors internal to the visual system. The results suggest that the deterministic computations humans perform are near optimal, and that behavioral responses to natural stimuli can be studied with the rigor and interpretability defining work with simpler stimuli.
Development of product costing in Lithuania (1918–2019)
Authors: Tamulevičienė Daiva , Mackevičius Jonas
Published: November 2019

Appropriate product costing helps not only to estimate the cost of production correctly but also to evaluate the activity results, forecast product prices, make reasonable economic decisions. The article analyses the development of product costing in Lithuania from 1918 to 2019. The following stages of development of product costing were distinguished: 1) between the world wars when Lithuania was independent and during the Second world war (1918–1944); 2) during the years of Soviet occupation (1944–1990); 3) after reinstating the independence of Lithuania (1990–2019). The most important provisions of normative documents related to product costing of every stage were analysed, opinions, statements and suggestions how to improve product costing by different Lithuanian authors were evaluated.
Una mirada desde el proceso de enfermería modificado al manejo del sobrepeso y obesidad
Authors: Ospina Ayala Camila , Cañon Montañez Wilson , Rodríguez Acelas Alba Luz
Published: November 2019

La obesidad continúa siendo un grave problema de salud pública y un factor de riesgo relevante para el desarrollo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles que generan la mayor carga de morbimortalidad en el mundo1. Esta condición se define como un estado de exceso de grasa corporal y se caracteriza como una enfermedad crónica compleja y multifactorial que involucra factores ambientales, genéticos, fisiológicos, metabólicos y de comportamiento2.
La prevalencia general de sobrepeso y obesidad aumentó aproximadamente un 28% en adultos y 47% en niños entre 1980 y 2013. El problema no solo afecta a los países desarrollados, ya que ahora hay un aumento significativo en el sobrepeso y la obesidad en el mundo en desarrollo3.
The disaster is the message. An analysis of the written press and Facebook, on the floods in Tultitlan, Mexico/El desastre es el mensaje. Un análisis de la prensa escrita y Facebook, sobre las inundaciones en Tultitlán, México.
Authors: Oropeza Oscar Adán Castillo
Published: November 2019

En este artículo se analizan las formas de comunicación de riesgo o desastre que se presentan, a partir de las inundaciones ocurridas en el municipio de Tultitlán, Estado de México. Se trata de cuestionarse sobre cómo se construyen los discursos sobre el riesgo o desastre en los medios de comunicación, principalmente en la prensa escrita y las redes sociales, específicamente Facebook. Para ello, se realizó el análisis hemerográfico de diferentes noticias de dos principales periódicos y el seguimiento de noticias en diferentes páginas de Facebook. Además, se utilizaron algunos documentos oficiales y trabajos de investigación previos. Todo esto con la finalidad de contribuir a los análisis de comunicación del riesgo, pero desde una perspectiva diferente.
Urban conflictivity in Chalco, notes on a contemporary socio-anthropological problem/Conflictividad urbana en Chalco. Notas sobre una problemática socioantropológica contemporánea
Authors: Casas Álvarez José Gustavo
Published: November 2019

En este trabajo se presentan resultados de observación etnográfica, durante el primer momento del conflicto territorial suscitado entre 2005 y 2007 en la región oriente de la Zona Metropolitana de la Ciudad de México (ZMCM). La información que se presenta deriva de la tesis doctoral titulada: Sembrando casas: Proceso de urbanización, drama social e identidades colectivas en el municipio de Chalco, Estado de México. Se presenta en este artículo la relación entre el proceso de desarrollo urbano y la resistencia social, a través de la estrategia de teórica-metodológica denominada drama social.
Contributions of the French administrative thought to public administrative science: From Jean Bodino to Charles-Jean Bonnin/Aportes del pensamiento administrativo francés a la Ciencia de la Administración Pública: Recorrido histórico
Authors: Fuenmayor de Fernández Jennifer Joan
Published: November 2019

Este artículo de investigación tiene como propósito estudiar los aportes del pensamiento francés a la ciencia de la administración pública. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio, histórico y de revisión documental. Los resultados revelan que: en un primer momento se encuentran los aportes de Jean Bodino, considerado el primer teórico de la Administración Pública. En un segundo momento están los aportes del pensamiento administrativo de Anne Roberto Jacobo Turgot, administrador público al servicio del absolutismo francés; Alexis de Tocqueville, quien enfocó su atención a la actividad del estado y Carlos de Secondat, Barón de Montesquieu, quien divulga en occidente el sistema descubierto por Aristóteles: La división de poderes. En un tercer momento se tiene el pensamiento administrativo del absolutismo: las ciencias camerales y la ciencia de la policía como el antecedente más cercano a la ciencia de la administración pública y finalmente en un cuarto momento están los aportes del pensamiento de Carlos Juan Bautista Bonnin, quien publica dos importantes obras en el contexto de la Revolución Francesa a finales del siglo XVIII. Se concluye que los aportes del pensamiento administrativo francés se constituye en el antecedente fundamental del desarrollo de la Ciencia de la Administración Pública y coincidimos con Guerrero (1986a) quien señala que la Ciencia de la Administración Pública nace en Francia en 1808, con el pensamiento de Bonnin, lo que  permite afirmar que la Administración Pública es una disciplina científica.
Overcoming barriers to resident scholarly productivity and research at a large academic institution
Authors: Dennis Michael , Batalini Felipe , Demers Lindsay , Upadhyay Ashish
Published: November 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Background: Scholarship is an important component of resident education that can increase future opportunities in academic medicine. Each year the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education surveys internal medicine (IM) residents for their satisfaction with scholarship opportunities. The IM residents at our large academic center have consistently reported scores that were lower than expected. We designed this study to identify barriers to resident scholarship and successful interventions. Objective: Identify barriers to resident scholarly productivity and report the results of several interventions aimed at improving resident scholarship. Methods: Leaders within the IM residency program were interviewed with a standardized questionnaire, and an online survey was distributed to IM residents. Comparisons were made between program leader interviews and resident survey responses. Results: Program leaders unanimously agreed there are abundant research opportunities, that resident research is prioritized, and that time is the major research barrier. Conversely, only 72% of residents reported satisfaction with research opportunities, 56% felt that the program prioritized research, and finding a mentor was the most frequently reported research barrier (60%). Residents considered early discussions about research the most successful intervention to improve scholarship. Conclusion: Finding a mentor was the most important barrier to resident scholarship and discussing research early in the intern year was the most successful intervention.
Interpretable Charge Prediction for Criminal Cases with Dynamic Rationale Attention
Authors: Chao Wenhan , Jiang Xin , Luo Zhunchen , Hu Yakun , Ma Wenjia
Published: November 2019

Charge prediction which aims to determine appropriate charges for criminal cases based on textual fact descriptions, is an important technology in the ﬁeld of AI&Law. Previous works focus on improving prediction accuracy, ignoring the interpretability, which limits the methods’ applicability. In this work, we propose a deep neural framework to extract short but charge-decisive text snippets – rationales – from input fact description, as the interpretation of charge prediction. To solve the scarcity problem ofrationale annotatedcorpus, rationalesare extractedinareinforcement stylewiththe only supervision in the form of charge labels. We further propose a dynamic rationale attention mechanism to better utilize the information in extracted rationales and predict the charges. Experimental results show that besides providing charge prediction interpretation, our approach can also capture subtle details to help charge prediction.
Physical Activity and Exercise in Lung Cancer Care: Will Promises Be Fulfilled?
Authors: Avancini Alice , Sartori Giulia , Gkountakos Anastasios , Casali Miriam , Trestini Ilaria , Tregnago Daniela , Bria Emilio , Jones Lee W. , Milella Michele , Lanza Massimo , Pilotto Sara
Published: November 2019

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Affected patients frequently experience debilitating disease-related symptoms, including dyspnea, cough, fatigue, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and pain, despite the progresses achieved in term of treatment efficacy.

Physical activity and exercise are nonpharmacological interventions that have been shown to improve fatigue, quality of life, cardiorespiratory fitness, pulmonary function, muscle mass and strength, and psychological status in patients with lung cancer. Moreover, physical fitness levels, especially cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular strength, are demonstrated to be independent predictors of survival. Nevertheless, patients with lung cancer frequently present insufficient levels of physical activity and exercise, and these may contribute to quality of life impairment, reduction in functional capacity with skeletal muscle atrophy or weakness, and worsening of symptoms, particularly dyspnea.

The molecular bases underlying the potential impact of exercise on the fitness and treatment outcome of patients with lung cancer are still elusive. Counteracting specific cancer cells’ acquired capabilities (hallmarks of cancer), together with preventing treatment-induced adverse events, represent main candidate mechanisms.

To date, the potential impact of physical activity and exercise in lung cancer remains to be fully appreciated, and no specific exercise guidelines for patients with lung cancer are available. In this article, we perform an in-depth review of the evidence supporting physical activity and exercise in lung cancer and suggest that integrating this kind of intervention within the framework of a global, multidimensional approach, taking into account also nutritional and psychological aspects, might be the most effective strategy.
A simple model for tertiary creep in geomaterials
Authors: Osman Ashraf S , Birchall Thomas J , Rouainia Mohamed
Published: November 2019

This paper presents a constitutive modelling approach for the viscoplastic-damage behaviour of geomaterials. This approach is based on the hyperelasticity framework, where the entire constitutive behaviour is derived from only two scalar potentials: a free-energy potential and a dissipation function. The novelty of the new proposed model, in addition to being thermodynamically consistent, is that it requires only a few parameters that can be derived from conventional laboratory testing. The model has been specifically tested for its ability to reproduce a series of triaxial compression tests on core rock samples. The comparison between the viscoplastic-damage model predictions and experimental results shows that the model is remarkably successful in capturing the stress–strain response both at peak stress and in the region of material softening and the time to reach failure.
Strategic Liquidity Mismatch and Financial Sector Stability
Authors: Silva André F.
Published: November 2019

This paper examines whether banks strategically incorporate their competitors’ liquidity mismatch policies when determining their own and how these collective decisions impact financial sector stability. Using a novel identification strategy exploiting the presence of partially overlapping peer groups, I show that banks’ liquidity transformation activity is driven by that of their peers. These correlated decisions are concentrated on the asset side of riskier banks and are asymmetric, with mimicking occurring only when competitors are taking more risk. Accordingly, this strategic behavior increases banks’ default risk and overall systemic risk, highlighting the importance of regulating liquidity risk from a macroprudential perspective.
Tájváltozások társadalmi hátterének vizsgálata alföldi példákon
Authors: Kovács András Donát , Farkas Jenő Zsolt
Published: November 2019

Társadalmi életünk összetett mechanizmusok révén jelentős hatást gyakorol a tájakra. Úgy véljük, hogy ezen összetett földrajzi területi egységek állapotában az állami elképzelések, fejlesztési irányelvek, az intézményesült struktúrák, valamint a közösségi és egyéni érdekek és cselekvések is egyaránt megnyilvánulnak. Feltevésünk szerint a kultúrtájakban nyomon követhető események jól tükrözik az adott társadalom környezethez való viszonyát, így a tájak használatával összefüggő folyamatok, avagy a „tájtermelés” az „új környezeti paradigma” egyfajta indikátorának tekinthető. E folyamatok alaposabb megértéséhez − kritikai, strukturalista megközelítésekre, kvalitatív és kvantitatív, térinformatikai elemzésekre támaszkodva − a földhasználati módokban bekövetkezett változásokat és az ezek mögött rejlő társadalmi hajtóerőket vizsgáljuk meg. Az elmúlt fél évszázadra vonatkozóan megpróbáljuk érzékeltetni, hogy a tájgazdálkodásban jelentős szerepet játszó természetvédelem és a mezőgazdaság miként alakította a hazai, alföldi térségek jellegét, ehhez kapcsolódóan pedig melyek voltak az egyes korszakok meghatározó mozzanatai. Továbbá feltárjuk, hogy hogyan értékelik az említett ágazatok szereplői az ökológiai szempontokat és az agrárium jelentőségét, valamint az ezeket befolyásoló beavatkozásokat. Duna‒Tisza közi mintaterületeinken − a természetvédelem által eltérő mértékben érintett kunsági, illetve bácskai példákon – bemutatjuk azt is, hogy milyen konfliktusok keletkeznek és milyen dilemmák feloldása lesz szükséges a természetközeli állapotok megőrzése és az ezzel gyakran ellentétesen ható mezőgazdálkodás között. Végül az eredmények alapján megállapítjuk, hogy az új paradigma megerősödését eltérő társadalmi érdekek akadályozzák. A környezettudatos elvek ugyan megjelentek, de a tájgazdálkodásban átfogó előrelépés, illetve a tájak állapotában javulás, az elmúlt évtizedekben összességében nem történt.
Újratermelődő „gettók”? A helyi fejlesztés lehetőségei és korlátai egy szélsőségesen marginalizált kistelepülésen
Authors: Mihály Melinda
Published: November 2019

A szélsőséges társadalmi-térbeli marginalizáció eredményeként a társadalmilag kirekesztett csoportok területileg is koncentrálódnak, vidéki „gettókba” „záródnak” (Mihály 2019a). A szegregátumokban kialakuló, a többségi társadalomtól elzárt párhuzamos intézményrendszer (pl. szegregált iskola, óvoda, illegális bolt, közmunka) tovább nehezíti a helyiek számára a marginalizált helyzetből, terekből való kitörést. Ha a (társadalmi) teret a cselekvés forrásának is tekintjük (Lefebvre 1991 [1974]), akkor a „gettósodó” kistelepülések lakóit is képesnek kell tekintenünk arra, hogy tevőlegesen alakítsák a helyzetüket (Mihály 2019a). A szélsőségesen marginalizált teret Henri Lefebvre és Edward Soja után „az ellenállás terének” is tekintem. A helyi szereplők cselekvőképességét elméletileg az autonómia egyéni, kollektív és szervezeti értelmezéseivel igyekszem megragadni empirikusan pedig etnografikus módszerekkel. Az esettanulmányomul szolgáló gettósodó településen létrejött civil kezdeményezés megmutatta, hogy a strukturális elnyomás ellenére a szélsőségesen marginalizált csoportoknak is van cselekvő ereje. Azonban éppen a strukturális elnyomás az, ami miatt szüksége van a „gettósodó” falvakba záródott lakosságnak a külső segítségre. Egy fejlesztő szervezet több módon is hozzájárulhat a helyiek autonómiájának növeléséhez:  tudatosan reflektálva a hatalmi egyenlőtlenségekre és bevonva a marginalizált csoportokat is a döntéshozatalba, illetve reflektálva a nemi alapú és rasszizált strukturális elnyomásra. Annak ellenére, hogy az Egyenlőség Alapítvány ígéretesen segíti a szélsőségesen marginalizált vidéki térbe ragadt tarnóti lakosságot az ellenállásra, maga a kezdeményezés éppen abból adódóan, hogy civil kezdeményezés súlyos egzisztenciális kihívásokkal kell, hogy szembenézzen. A civilellenes kormányzati intézkedések kontextusában az ígéretes eredményeket elért Egyenlőség Alapítvány a túlélésért küzd.