bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the diamond films growth on the tungsten carbide surface by a copper underlayer
Authors: Vokhmyanin D. S. , Oglezneva S. A.
Published: March 2019

Surface preparation is a prerequisite for ensuring the required properties of a diamond film obtained by gas-phase deposition. The paper considers the effect of temperature and concentration of the etchant CuSO4 on the structural and phase composition of the surface of hard-alloy materials. The structural and phase composition of a continuous polycrystalline diamond film at its growth stages was also studied. Adhesion of the obtained diamond films to the surface of carbide materials was qualitatively determined. It has been established that surface treatment of a hard alloy in a CuSO4 solution at a temperature t = 23 °C leads to unequal removal of the cobalt bond with chipping of WC grains and the formation of a porous structure in the surface layer of the WC–6%Co alloy. The treatment with an etchant CuSO4 at t = –2 °С ensures uniform etching of the Co-bond along the WC grain boundaries and the formation of a chemically uniform surface. The orientational growth and adhesion of the diamond film depend on the elemental composition of the surface of the WC–Co alloy after treatment with a CuSO4 solution. If the treatment was carried out at a tsolution = 23 °C, then during the synthesis of the diamond film, the removal of copper from the defective surface layer of WC is difficult. This provides the multidirectional growth of diamond crystals in the film in two directions: <111> and <110>, which causes critical biaxial compressive stresses (2,5 GPa) and leads to low adhesion of the film to the surface of the hard alloy. If the treatment was carried out at tsolution = –2 °C, then the orientational growth of diamond crystals in the film occurs in one preferential crystallographic direction <111>. It reduces the biaxial compressive stresses (1,7 GPa) and increases the adhesive adhesion of the film to the surface of the hard alloy . The structure defect, calculated from the ratio of the lines of integrated intensities I1333 / I1580 using the Raman spectroscopy, decreases with concentration growth for negative temperatures and increases for positive ones of CuSO4 solution during surface preparation.
Çocuk Refahı Alanında Sosyal Dışlanmayla Mücadele: Sosyal Hizmet Eğitimi Bir Mücadele Aracı Olarak Kullanılabilir Mi?
Authors: ÖZATEŞ GELMEZ Özge Sanem
Published: March 2019

Ebeveynlerinin vefatı, ailenin çocuğun bakımı için gereken
temel ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacak ekonomik güce sahip olmaması, ihmal ve/veya
istismar gibi nedenlerle bakım ve korunma sorumluluğuna devletin dahil olduğu
“korunma gereksinimi olan çocuklara” sunulan hizmetlerin planlanması ve
yürütülmesi, çocuk refahı alanının çalışmaları arasında yer almaktadır. Sosyal
hizmetin temel alanlarından birisi olan çocuk refahı alanında çalışan sosyal
hizmet uzmanlarının temel sorumlulukları arasında da korunma gereksinimi olan
çocukların haklarının ve iyilik hallerinin korunması bulunur. Korunma
gereksinimi içinde bulunan çocuklar için sunulan hizmetler kadar önemli olan ve
sosyal hizmet uzmanlarının gayretini gerektiren bir diğer konu da söz konusu
çocuklara yönelik toplumdaki ayrımcı yargı ve söylemlerle mücadele edilmesidir.
Bu mücadelenin gerçekleştirilebilmesi için sosyal hizmet öğrencilerinin,
korunma gereksinimi olan çocuklarla ilgili mevcut olumsuz yargılar üzerine,
lisans eğitimleri süresince farkındalık geliştirmeleri gerekmektedir. Bu
farkındalığın geliştirilebilmesi amacıyla Hacettepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Hizmet
Bölümü lisans programında yer alan zorunlu derslerden biri olan Sosyal Hizmet
Ortamlarında İnceleme dersi kapsamında, korunma kararlı çocuklar konusu ele
alınmıştır. Ders kapsamında, öğrencilerin, korunma kararlı çocuklara ve bu
alanda sunulan hizmetlere dair bilgi edinmesi ve farkındalık kazanması amacıyla
çalışmalar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında söz konusu dersi alan ve
araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturan 189 öğrenciye yansıtıcı günlükler
uygulanmıştır. Yansıtıcı günlüklerin içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz
edilmesinin ardından nitel araştırma verilerine ulaşılmıştır. Bu çalışmada
paylaşılan araştırma sonuçlarında, öğrencilerin korunma kararlı çocuklara
ilişkin toplumdaki ayrımcı yargılara ilişkin değerlendirmeleri, sosyal
dışlanmanın farklı görünümleri olarak acıma, şefkat ve suçlama temaları altında
ele alınmaktadır.
Роста и субструктура пленок ниобата лития
Authors: Dybov Vladislav А. , Serikov Dmitrii V. , Ryzhkova Galina S. , Dontsov Aleksey I.
Published: March 2019

Проведены исследования начальных стадий роста пленок ниобата лития на Si в процессе ВЧМР, исследовано влияние условий ВЧМР и последующих обработок (ТО, ИФО, БТО) на структуру, субструктуру и ориентацию получаемых покрытий. Установлено, что начальные стадии роста пленок ниобата лития в процессе ВЧМР на подогретой до 550 °С Si подложке характеризуются островковым зарождением кристаллитов и последующей их коалесценцией. Показана возможность управления текстурой пленок ниобата лития в процессе ВЧМР в условиях воздействия плазмы ВЧ-разряда, путем изменения состава рабочего газа. Показан эффект ИФО в кристаллизации аморфных пленок состава ниобата лития, заключающийся в формировании однофазной нанокристаллической пленки ниобата лития, в процессе обработки на воздухе.

 

ИСТОЧНИК ФИНАНСИРОВАНИЯ

Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 18-33-00836.

 

 

ЛИТЕРАТУРА

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Электрофизические измерения твердых растворов InxAl1-xAs
Authors: Mikhailyuk Ekaterina A. , Prokopova Tatyana V. , Zhukalin Dmitry A.
Published: March 2019

Методом вольт-фарадных характеристик исследованы тонкие (~ 1 мкм) преднамеренно нелегированные слои InxAl1-xAs, выращенные методом MBE на полуизолирующей подложке InP. Показано, что исследованные при комнатной температуре слои InxAl1-xAs имеют n – тип проводимости. При экспериментальном исследовании температурных зависимостей дифференциальной проводимости обнаружен центр локализации заряда, эффективное значение энергии которого находится в запрещенной зоне твердого раствора InxAl1-xAs (, Eg = 1.5 эВ) и составляет ~ 0.49 эВ до верха зоны проводимости твердого раствора.

 

БЛАГОДАРНОСТИ

Авторы выражают искреннюю благодарность всему коллективу Новосибирского Института физики полупроводников СО РАН, лично Гилинскому Александру Михайловичу за предоставленные образцы  и Воронежскому государственному университету инженерных технологий за плодотворное обсуждение полученных экспериментальных результатов.

 

 

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Pediatric Glioma NucSeq v1
Authors: Shore Marni , Nomura Masashi
Published: March 2019

Dissociation and sorting of pediatric glioma for Nuc Seq
Selection of stable transformants in Ostreococcus tauri, Ostreococcus lucimarinus and Bathycoccus prasinos v3
Authors: bouget Francois-Yves
Published: March 2019

This protocol describes the selection and growth of stable transformants in semi solid agarose medium. Developped initially for Ostreococcus tauri, it also works for Ostreococcus lucimarinus and Bathycoccus.
Hepatotoxicity during 6-thioguanine treatment: protocol for a systematic review v1
Authors: Natalie Toksvang Linea , Hebo Larsen Rikke , Leth Frandsen Thomas , Schmiegelow Kjeld , Utke Rank Cecilie
Published: March 2019

Hepatotoxicity was recognised as a complication of 6-thioguanine (6TG) in 1976. Since then, 6-TG associated hepatotoxicity in the form of acute sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), also known as veno-occlusive disease (VOD), has notably been reported in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), whereas chronic nodular regenerative hyperplasia (NRH) has been reported in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as well as in childhood ALL. However, SOS and NRH should be considered part of a spectrum of microvascular disorders caused by endothelial injury. Nevertheless, the cellular mechanisms responsible for the sinusoidal damage, being pivotal to their development, remain to be established. 6TG-related SOS and NRH have been hypothesised to be dose-related, since they do not seem to occur with low cumulative doses. The recent finding that higher levels of thioguanine nucleotides incorporated into leucocyte DNA (DNA-TGN) correlate to a lower relapse risk, calls for reappraisal of the feasibility of prolonged 6TG treatment for childhood ALL, while avoiding the risk of SOS and NRH. Objectives - Primary objective: To assess the incidence of hepatotoxicity in patients treated with 6TG compared to 6MP or standard care. - Secondary objective: To explore if a safe dose of 6TG can be established.
The impact of formal transformations in the structure of architectural identity Duhok city case study
Authors: Sideeq Siber , Fathy Prof. Dr. Ihsan , Ali Assist. Prof. Dr. Alan
Published: March 2019

The architectural identity has witnessed a problem and transformation in its form and context as a result of community contact with other civilizations. Therefore, in order to realize these formal transformations and architectural identity problem, this research focused on diagnosing the relationship and the impact of formal transformations with its types and different levels on the formative structure of architectural identity. So the research problem is emerged and represented by the “lack of knowledge clarity related to the nature of formal transformations impact and their different levels on the formative structure of architectural identity in Duhok city. And the objective of the research is to "determine the level of influence of these formal transformations in the structure of the architectural identity products in Duhok city." The research was carried out within the theoretical framework (structural approach) in uncovering the variables associated with the transformative structure within the architectural identity, and then applied this framework to selected architectural models from Dohuk city, to analyze the results and determine the conclusions.
Effect of repair methods on mechanical behaviors of repair area in composite laminate fuselage skin with different damage size
Authors: Liu 1 Liping , Wang 1 Yucan , Tian 1 Jing , Wang 1 Ruifeng , Xu 1 Jianxin
Published: March 2019

Composite laminates are widely used in the large civil aircrafts because of their excellent mechanical properties. The maintenance and repair of composite laminates become essential. In this paper, a new adhesive-rivet hybrid repair of composite laminate fuselage skin is presented. For the circular hole damage with the diameter of 90mm and 50mm, the finite element simulation models of adhesive repair and adhesive-rivet hybrid repair were built respectively. Uniform pressure load was applied on these finite element models. The mechanical properties of laminate motherboard, patch and adhesive film for these four models were analyzed. The effects of adhesive repair, adhesive-rivet hybrid repair on mechanical behaviors of repair areas of composite laminate fuselage skins with different damage size were studied. By analyzing the mechanical behaviors of these two repair methods, a suitable repair method can be obtained.
Mechanical properties and flexural behaviour of fibrous cementitious composites containing hybrid, kenaf and barchip fibres in cyclic exposure
Authors: Samsudin 1* Muhamad Fadli , Ramli 1 Mahyuddin , Ban 1 Cheah Chee
Published: March 2019

In this study, the mechanical properties and flexural behaviour of the fibrous cementitious composites containing hybrid, kenaf and barchip fibres cured in cyclic exposure were investigated. Waste or by-product materials such as pulverized fuel ash (PFA) and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) were used as a binder or supplementary cementitious to replace cement. Barchip and kenaf fibre were added to enhance the mechanical properties and flexural behaviour of the composites. A seven mix design of the composites containing hybrid, kenaf and barchip fibre mortar were fabricated with PFA-GGBS at 50% with hybridization of barchip and kenaf fibre between 0.5% and 2.0% by total volume weight. The composites were fabricated using 50 × 50 × 50 mm, 40 × 40 × 160 mm and 350 × 125 × 30 mm steel mould. The flexural behaviour and mechanical performance of the PFA-GGBS mortar specimens were assessed in terms of load-deflection response, load compressive response, and crack development, compressive and flexural strength after cyclic exposure for 28 days. The results showed that specimen HBK 1 (0.5% kenaf fibre and 2.0% barchip fibre) and HBK 2 (1.0% kenaf fibre and 1.5% barchip fibre) possessed good mechanical performance and flexural behaviour. As conclusion, the effect of fibres was proven to enhance the characteristics of concrete or mortar by reducing shrinkage, micro crack and additional C-S-H gel precipitated from the pozzolanic reaction acted to fill pores of the cement paste matrix and cement paste aggregate interface zone between mortar matrix and fibre bonding.
Properties of Glass fiber hybridized woven Flax and sisal fabric hybrid composites
Authors: KALAGI GANESH , PATIL RAJASHEKAR
Published: March 2019

In recent years, the natural Fiber reinforced composites have attracted significantly among automobiles, wind turbine blades and electrical applications. The only use of natural fiber cannot satisfy the needs of composites. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of incorporation of glass fiber at different loading (0, 5 and 10 weight fraction) on physical, moisture absorption and mechanical properties of two different hybrid composition of woven flax and sisal fabric (15/15 and 20/20 weight fraction) separately. Experimental results indicated that increases in incorporation of glass fiber into woven flax and sisal fabric hybrid composites can be significantly increases tensile strength, flexural strength and water resistance of composites significantly but less effect on impact strength and density. Fractography analysis was carried out to examine the nature of fractured specimen using Scanning Electron Microscope.
Mechanical and structural properties of termite soil as a partial replacement to cement for different applications
Authors: Mahamat 1 Assia A. , Azeko 2 Salifu T.
Published: March 2019

This paper presents the results of the experimental and theoretical study of the mechanical and structural properties of termite soil as a partial replacement to cement for different applications, especially in the building/construction industry. Different volume fractions of termite soil are mixed with Portland cement and their compressive and flexural strengths as well as fracture toughness values are determined. The mechanical properties of the composites are also elucidated after curing the samples for 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. The study shows that the 28 days Compressive strength decreases with increasing volume percentage of termite soil for volume percentages up to 60%. The 28 day strength was also greater than the requirement of (NIS 87: 2000) for non-bearing load walls (δmin=2.8N/mm²› 2.5 N/mm²). The flexural strength for 20% replacement (at all curing days) was greater than 7 N/mm². The fracture toughness was also observed to decrease with increasing volume percentage of termite soil up to 20 vol. %. This resulted in a maximum fracture toughness of 4.24  for the materials with 20 vol. % of termite soil stabilization. The samples are then characterized via X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX). The implications of the results are discussed for the development of sustainable termite-stabilized building materials.
Physical-Chemical Properties of L-asparaginase Mutants From Rhodospirillum Rubrum which Showed Antitelomerase Activity
Authors: Pokrovskaya M.V. , Aleksandrova S.S. , Veselovsky A.V. , Zdanov D.D. , Pokrovsky V.S. , Eldarov M.A. , Grishin D.V. , Gladilina Yu.A. , Toropigin I.Yu. , Sokolov N.N.
Published: March 2019

Rru_A3730 protein is a bacterial Rhodospirillum rubrum L-asparaginase (RrA), which is known by its anticancer activity. RrA variants with point amino acid substitutions in the region of 150 amino acids residues: RrA17N, K149E, RrAE149R, V150P, F151T, RrА17N, E149R, V150P, RrAE149R, V150P, showed antiproliferative properties, and also by their ability to suppress telomerase activity. This work is devoted to comparison of physical-chemical and catalytic properties of these mutant forms of RrA. It is shown that pH optimum is in the alkaline zone (8.5 – 9.3); L-glutaminase and D-asparaginase activity is respectively not more than 0.1% and 1.6% of L-asparaginase for all studied variants of RrA. The presence of the N17-terminal amino acid sequence MASMTGGQMGRGSSRQ of the capsid protein of bacteriophage T7 in the RrA structure leads to an increase in the thermal stability of mutant RrA analogues (from 50°C to 56°C) and their resistance to denaturation in the presence of 3 – 4 M urea. It is of Metal ions exhibit multidirectional effects on L-asparaginase activity of RrA. K+, Ca2+, Zn2+, Cs+, Co2+ in significantly affect the activity of L-asparaginase, while Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ ions inhibit it. There was no correlation between antitelomerase (antiproliferative) activity and kinetic properties of mutant forms of L-asparaginase RrA.
A prospective study of fetomaternal outcome in cases of placenta previa
Authors: Kadikar Gunvant K. , Gandhi Mayur R. , Kapadia Rakesh R.
Published: March 2019

Background: The incidence of placenta previa ranges from 0.5-1% amongst hospital deliveries. Placenta previa is major cause of antepartum haemorrhage and is potentially devastating complication. Obstetric haemorrhage is most common cause for maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in India. This study aimed to determine frequency, type of placenta previa, risk factors and adverse fetomaternal outcomes of placenta previa.Methods: This was a prospective study carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College and Sir-T hospital, Bhavnagar from July 2007 to July 2009 to analyze fetomaternal outcome in cases of placenta previa. All patients of placenta previa with gestational age > 28 weeks up to full term were included in the study. All cases were confirmed by Ultrasound examination. All cases were carefully analyzed to find out the incidence, type of placenta previa, its clinical presentation and its outcome in relation to mode of delivery, birth weight, maternal and perinatal morbidity.Results: There was total 50 cases of placenta previa out of 5636 deliveries. The prevalence of placenta previa was 0.88% and was more commonly present among multiparous women (82%). Most common type was type IV placenta previa in 23 (46%) cases followed by type III in 11 (22%) cases. Out of 50 cases, 06 (12%) cases had atonic PPH and 02 (04%) cases underwent peripartum hysterectomy. Most common predisposing factors were age >35 years (04%), multiparity (50%), previous cesarean section (16%) and previous history of abortion (12%). All cases of perinatal mortality were between 28 to 30 weeks weighing between 1-1.5 kg. There was no maternal mortality in this study.Conclusions: Managing a case of placenta previa during pregnancy poses a great challenge to every obstetrician in present day obstetrics due to its increased risk of maternal and perinatal complications.
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor in COS-IUI cycles
Authors: Shetty Pradnya Devdas , Lad Nikita , Vishwekar Pallavi , Shivtare Mamta Vijay
Published: March 2019

Background: An unresolved assisted reproductive technique problem is the unresponsive, thin endometrium. Approximately 0.6%-0.8% of patients do not reach the minimum thickness. Using endometrial co culture, G-CSF>130pg/mL was associated with significantly improved pregnancy rate in ART cycles. This is a retrospective study that included all unexplained infertility cycles with controlled ovulation stimulation –IUI protocols. Aim was to note the effects of G-CSF on thin endometrium and pregnancy rate in G-CSF administered COS-IUI cycles.Methods: This study was done in the IVF department of Dr D Y Patil University, Navi Mumbai, India. Thin endometrium was defined as ET<7mm on transvaginal ultrasound. Clomiphene citrate was used for ovulation induction in strengths of 100mg or 50mg on day 2 of their cycle based on the antral follicle count. Trigger used was injection 10,000µg urinary hCG. On the same day when the trigger injection was given, 300 units G-CSF was instilled into the uterus. Post 36 hours IUI was done under aseptic precautions .After 16 days β-hCG levels were done to determine whether there is a pregnancy.Results: In present study,200 COS-IUI cycles were analysed.50 cycles showed a thin endometrium and in them G-CSF was used. The chemical pregnancy rates was 32%, the intrauterine pregnancy rate was 28%, ectopic pregnancy rate was 4%.Conclusions: Present study concluded that G-CSF increases ET significantly in COS-IUI cycles in the event of thin endometrium. In view of small cohort size further larger randomized controlled trials may be required  to substantiate the above conclusions.
Consequences of antepartum hemorrhage and its maternal and perinatal outcome
Authors: Jharaik Himang , Dhiman Bishan , Verma S. K. , Sharma Aditi
Published: March 2019

Background: Antepartum haemorrhage, a life-threatening event, is defined as bleeding per vaginum occurring after the fetus has reached the period of viability, considered to be 20 weeks in developed countries and 28 weeks in countries with low resource settings. We evaluated the consequences of antepartum haemorrhage, their maternal and perinatal outcome so as to outline the proper management of patient in order to improve both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: This one-year prospective study totaled 133 cases of APH fulfilling the inclusion criteria were studied. Data was recorded on the MS excel sheet for further analysis and processing.Results: Total 6693 deliveries were conducted out of which 133 presented as APH and incidence of APH was found out to be 1.98%. Placenta previa was most common. APH was commonly associated with multigravida and most cases were in age group of 26-30 years. Most of the PP and abruption cases were admitted at 34-37 weeks and 31-33 weeks respectively. High risk factors included previous LSCS and D and C, hypertension, multiple pregnancies and malpresentations. Most of the patients underwent preterm LSCS. Most fetal complications were due to prematurity. 58.6% patients were transfused blood. Overall perinatal mortality was 20.1% and maternal mortality was zero.Conclusions: Early diagnoses, timely referrals and transfusion facilities along with trained team of doctors with well-equipped ICU facility goes a long way in avoiding APH related maternak and fetal complications.
Aetiology of jaundice in pregnancy: observational study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Vinayachandran S. , K. Anaswara
Published: March 2019

Background: Jaundice in pregnancy has potentially serious consequences to both mother and foetus. This study aims to find out the aetiology of jaundice and its severity in pregnancy.Methods: This is an observational prospective study over a period of one and a half years conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Government Medical College, Kozhikode. Antenatal patients who presented with jaundice was included in this study.Results: Out of 24060 deliveries in the study period of one and a half years there were 52 cases of jaundice complicating pregnancy. Incidence of jaundice complicating pregnancy was found to be 0.22%. Largest number of women belonged to the age group 21-25 years of age. Most of the cases occurred in the third trimester. 55.8% of the cases were multigravidas Most common cause of jaundice in pregnancy was found to be HELLP syndrome (34.6%) followed by Hepatitis A (32.7%) 67.3% of the cases had only mild elevation of bilirubin levels (2-5.9mg/dl). 65.4% had an SGOT value of less than 200U/litre and 67.3 % had an SGPT value of less than 200U/litre.Conclusions: The decrease in the number of cases of viral hepatitis may be due to the increased awareness about the transmission of disease and improvement in sanitary conditions.
Hysteroscopy versus transvaginal ultrasonography: finding the better modality for evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding
Authors: Bhoj Mishika , Yadav Shakti Kumar
Published: March 2019

Background: The most common cause of postmenopausal bleeding is benign pathology, but likelihood of malignancy must be promptly excluded. As excision of localized lesion has higher disease-free survival rate and lower morbidity as opposed to treatment for regional-stage disease. Commonly employed blind dilatation and curettage followed by histopathology is the current standard. A screening method with high sensitivity and specificity can help to prevent the invasive procedure and can also improve the accuracy of the biopsy. The objective of the present study was to study and compare the diagnostic accuracy of hysteroscopy and transvaginal ultrasonography in diagnosis of postmenopausal bleeding.Methods: 80 female patients with complaints of postmenopausal bleeding were enrolled and followed up for a period of 10 months. Each patient underwent transvaginal ultrasonography and hysteroscopy followed by endometrial biopsy. Result were analyzed to find sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV and NPV taking histopathological diagnosis as gold standard.Results: Authors found that in 40 patients (50%), the cause of post-menopausal bleeding was caused atrophic endometrium followed by endometrial hyperplasia seen in 14 patients (17.5%). Hysteroscopy had higher overall sensitivity, specificity, NPV and accuracy as compared to transvaginal ultrasonography. Hysteroscopy was found to be highly accurate in diagnosing endometrial carcinoma (100%) and endometrial polyps (100%). However, both methods showed similar accuracy (97.5%) in diagnosis of proliferative endometrium and hyperplasia.Conclusions: Hysteroscopy is comparable to histopathology and superior to transvaginal sonography in the diagnosis of intrauterine causes for postmenopausal bleeding, it also offers the possibility of visualizing macroscopic or focal intra-uterine abnormalities.
Management of stillbirths: an observational analysis at a rural tertiary care centre in Kerala, India
Authors: K. K. Ajini , R. P. Reena , K. R. Radha
Published: March 2019

Background: Stillbirth is a distressing event, both for the expecting mother and the obstetrician. Several maternal, social and circumstantial factors influence its occurrence. These women with intrauterine fetal death need to be treated in a considerate manner. Our aim was to analyse different methods   of induction, management of labour and their outcomes in women with antepartum fetal demise.Methods: All women admitted to a tertiary care centre with intrauterine fetal death after 22 weeks during the study period of 24 months were recruited. Maternal sociodemographic characteristics and relevant investigations were studied. Induction of labour was achieved with mechanical and pharmacological methods.  Stillborn babies, placentae and umbilical cord were examined after delivery.Results: There were 175 women with IUFD   admitted during the study period. The stillbirth rate was 38.6 per1000 live births.148 women (84.57%) required induction of labour while16 women had spontaneous onset of labour. Among the 44 women with previous Cesarean section, 11 underwent elective Cesarean section. 19 women (57.6%) out of 33 cases of trial of labour after Cesarean had a successful vaginal delivery. There were 2 cases of rupture uterus and 10 women required ICU admissions. Intrauterine growth restriction was the leading cause of stillbirth (41.8%) followed by hypertensive disorders (27.7%).Conclusions: Present study has shown that vaginal birth can be achieved in most women with mechanical and pharmacological methods of induction within a reasonable period of time.
Comparison of maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancy with altered thyroid profile and euthyroid patients: a prospective, observational and case control study in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Singh Vandna , Natu Neeta , Gupta Artika Sudhir
Published: March 2019

Background: Thyroid disease is one of the commonest endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, and when untreated during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of complications. The objective of this review was to increase awareness and to provide a review on adverse effect of thyroid dysfunction on maternal and perinatal outcome.Methods: This prospective, observational hospital-based case-control study carried on women coming for antenatal check-up in a Tertiary Care Hospital in INDORE from May 2018-December 2018. 50 known booked antenatal (case) patient with established thyroid disorder, more than 32 week of gestation, and 50-matched euthyroid patients (control) were taken.Results: Women suffering from overt and subclinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are nulliparous in 72% cases as compared to 32% in euthyroid patient. Increased maternal age was associated with higher incidence of thyroid dysfunction. Normal vaginal delivery by spontaneous labour seen in 56% of euthyroid, while it is reduced with thyroid dysfunction. 38% of altered thyroid profile patient undergo induction of labour and 24% cases undergo caesarean section as compared to control (17%). Adverse fetal outcome like intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth and ICU admission seen increased with thyroid dysfunction  as compared to euthyroid patients.Conclusions: Thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy, although has a low incidence, but is associated with adverse maternal and fetal implications. Thus, thyroid screening should be done in antenatal period to improve fetomaternal outcome.
Term pregnancy with large anterior wall intramural fibroid: an intra-operative challenge
Authors: Mehrotra Seema , Singh Urmila , Solanki Vandana , Shanker Nidhi
Published: March 2019

Leiomyomas are the most common benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus. The incidence during pregnancy ranges between 1.6 to 10%. The management of fibroids encountered during caesarean section poses a therapeutic dilemma. We present a case of giant anterior wall lower segment leiomyoma complicating term pregnancy which posed a great surgical challenge. Myomectomy was performed before delivering the baby by lower segment caesarean section by locating the tumor free area using preoperative ultrasound. The tumor mass weighed 3kg. This case highlights the preoperative use of ultrasound in emergency caesarean section to avoid classical caesarean section and to prevent fetal mortality and morbidity by avoiding time consuming caesarean myomectomy before the delivery of the baby.
A study of the symptoms of gastro oesophageal reflux disease and the associated risk factors in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Manickam Santni , Sethuraman Ganesh , Kuppusamy Jayachandran
Published: March 2019

Background: Gastro esophageal reflux disease is the commonest pathologies encountered by gastroenterologist in day to day practice. Longstanding and untreated gastro esophageal reflux disease can lead to many complications including adenocarcinoma. This study was conducted to evaluate the various symptoms and to analyze the lifestyle and dietary factors influencing gastro esophageal reflux disease which can be modified.Methods: Hundred patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease of age more than 18 years were enrolled in the study. Various patient details including demographic details, lifestyle information and symptomatology data were analyzed and compared with complications.Results: Mean age of gastro esophageal reflux disease patients was 56.09±15.93 years. Gastro esophageal reflux disease is more prevalent in males than females. Gastro esophageal reflux disease is more frequent in BMI <25, greater number of co morbidities and in non-vegetarians.  Mean age of gastro esophageal reflux disease with complications was 67±11.53 years and without complications was 52.64±15.57 years. No strong association of smoking, alcohol, spicy foods, fried foods, citrus fruits, heavy meals, tea/coffee, aerated drinks, sleep disturbance and effect on work was identified in gastro esophageal reflux disease.Conclusions: Classical symptoms of gastro esophageal reflux disease were not present in all the patients. Higher age of the patient infers higher risk of complications. Daily episodes of heartburn, regurgitation and retrosternal chest pain implies higher risk of complications. Presence of Helicobacter pylori in gastro esophageal reflux disease patients signify higher risk of complications.
Donor notification in reactive donors and their response to communication
Authors: Basnotra Ritika M. , Sidhu Meena D.
Published: March 2019

Background: Blood transfusion is associated with the risk of transmitting transfusion transmissible infections (TTI) even after the thorough mandatory TTI screening of blood units. To prevent disease transmission, it is important to inform, notify and counsel the donors about their seroreactive status at the blood centre. The present study determines the response of various TTI reactive donors for post donation counselling after notification and their persistence in society as reactive donors.Methods: It was a retrospective study conducted at tertiary care center from 1May2015 to 30April2017. Re-active donors were called to the blood bank by telephonic call and letters. Reactive donors on complying at center were retested, counselled and referred to appropriate centre for further management.Results: There were 34,204 blood donations over period of two years, out of which 375[1.09%] were reactive donors. Of these HBV reactive comprises of 166/34204(0.48%), HCV were 40/34204(0.11%), HIV reactive donors comprises of 26/34204(0.07%), Syphilis 138/34204[0.40%] and there were five cases of co-infection, two for HIV+ HCV, two cases HIV+HBV and one case of co-infection with HBV+ Syphilis. A total of 375 TTI reactive donors were identified, out of which (227/375) 60.5% contacted by tele-phone calls and letters and remaining (148/375) 39.46% cannot be contacted. Out of 227 contacted donors only 117 donors reported for post donation counselling i.e. response rate of 51.54%.Conclusions: Donor notification is efficient method of curtailing TTI but undermined by communication failure with donors, resulting in persistent load of blood transmissible infectious risk.
Clinical and investigational study for the aetiological evaluation of patients in nontraumatic altered sensorium and its outcome
Authors: Jali Siba Narayan , Nayak Sachida Nanda , Alexander Biju K. , Tripathy Diptimayee , Behera Bijaya K.
Published: March 2019

Background: Apart from head injury many patients present to the tertiary care hospital in unconscious state, the etiology of which is obscure in most of the cases. The present study was conducted with on objective to provide insight into the clinical features and diagnostic methods to know the aetiology of patients with non-traumatic cases of altered sensorium and to study the outcome of these patients.Methods: This is an observational study on 100 patients of altered sensorium of non-traumatic origin during the period from October 2012 to September 2014 conducted in the Department of General Medicine, MKCG Medical College Hospital, Berhampur, Odisha, India. All patients were selected for the study based on the inclusion exclusion criteria. Detailed history, clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations like neuroimaging studies etc. were carried out. Statistical data analysis was done using Graph pad Prism 6 and Microsoft Excel. P value <0.0001 was considered statistically extremely significant.Results: Out of 100 patients of altered sensorium, 64 were males and 36 were females. All patients were in the age group of 19 to 89 years. Cerebrovascular accident was the most common aetiology of altered sensorium followed by metabolic encephalopathy and infection. Altered sensorium in patients with CVA carries a high mortality. Metabolic causes and younger age indicated a better prognosis, patients with low (Glasgow Coma Score) GCS score of 3 to 4 had poorer prognosis.Conclusions: The results suggest that clinical assessments yield accurate predictive information about the potential for recovery in cases of altered sensorium. So, this study concludes that empirically based estimates of prognosis in the neurologically severely ill provides great reassurance to those involved in a decision-making process, including patients’ families and physicians.
Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from waste macadamia nut shells and their antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermis
Authors: Dang Huu , Fawcett Derek , Poinern Gerrard Eddy Jai
Published: March 2019

Background: The study for the first time demonstrates an eco-friendly and room temperature procedure for biosynthesizing gold (Au) nanoparticles from waste Macadamia nut shells. Currently Australia contributes around 40% to the global market and generates around AUS $150 million of export revenue. However, a consequence of large nut production is the generation of large quantities of waste nut shells. The green chemistry-based method is clean, nontoxic and eco-friendly. The method presented in this study produced a variety of Au nanoparticle sizes and shapes.Methods: The straightforward green chemistry-based technique used waste Macadamia nut shells to generate Au nanoparticles, which were subsequently studied using several advanced characterization techniques. Furthermore, the Kirby-Bauer sensitivity method was used to evaluate the antibacterial properties of the extracts and synthesized gold nanoparticles.Results: Advanced characterisation revealed the Au nanoparticles were crystalline, ranged in size from 50nm up to 2µm, and had spherical, triangular and hexagonal morphology. The gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli produced a maximum inhibition zone of 11mm, while Staphylococcus epidermidis produced a maximum inhibition zone of 9mm.Conclusions: The study has shown that waste Macadamia nut shell extracts have no antibacterial activity, but the synthesised Au nanoparticles did display antibacterial activity to both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Thus, the present work has demonstrated a waste valorisation strategy that can be used to produce high-value Au nanoparticles with antimicrobial properties for use in future pharmaceuticals.
Evaluation of risk factors for lower extremity amputation in diabetic foot ulcer: a hospital based observational study in Northern India
Authors: Bal Bhavkaran Singh , Khanna Gagan , Bhardwaj Aditya , Singh Kamalpreet
Published: March 2019

Background: The present prospective observational study was done to analyse the risk factors leading to minor or major lower extremity amputation (LEA) in diabetic patients.Methods: A 139 patients were divided into Group A (n=113) and Group B (n=26) who underwent minor and major LEA respectively.Results: Majority of the patients in group B were from rural and lower socioeconomic background.  Duration of diabetes (p=0.017) and  of DFU was significantly longer in group B (P <0.001) The pro-portion of patients with Wagner Grade 4 and 5  ulcer were significantly higher in group B than in group A (P <0.001) Wound infection and maggots were significantly higher in group B though polymicrobial infection was higher in group A. Biochemical investigations were abnormally altered but difference between two groups was not significant.Conclusions: Socioeconomic burden on the society due to LEA can be reduced by making diabetic patients aware of foot hygiene, regular medical check-up for control of diabetes and associated complications.
A correlative study of body mass index with oxidative stress parameters (serum uric acid and serum malondialdihyde) in essential hypertension
Authors: Shrivastav Chanchal , Parekh Paras Arvindbhai , Kumar G. Indra
Published: March 2019

Background: Hypertension is most commonly documented modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. A growing body of data proposes an appreciated pathogenic role of an elevated serum uric acid in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Increased oxidative stress could be involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Oxidative stress marker, serum uric acid (SUA) and serum malondialdyhyde level (S. MDA) are affected by both genetic and environmental factors and related to biological factors as gender, age and body mass. So, the aim of the study is to access the association of body mass index (BMI) with oxidative stress parameters in essential hypertension (EHT).Methods: For the said purpose, this case control study was carried out on a total of 200, age and sex matched 75 hypertensives, 75 prehypertensive and 50 healthy subjects. After diagnosis of cases, SUA was estimated by standard kit method and S. MDA was estimated manually by Buege and Aust method.Results: This study represents that systolic and diastolic blood pressure were increased with increased BMI in all groups. Oxidative stress marker, SUA and S. MDA level increased significantly with increasing BMI in all groups and were positively correlated.Conclusions: Our study indicates that monitoring of the blood pressure, SUA and S. MDA at regular interval and maintaining of the oxidative balance would be helpful in preventing the development of hypertension and associated cardio-vascular morbidities.
Medical students perception of ultrasound and computed tomography sessions in gross anatomy curriculum: a study in an Indian medical college
Authors: Chaudhury Subhramoy , Ghosh Anasuya , Pandit Narayan , Roy Asit Chandra , Kabiraj Shankar Prasad
Published: March 2019

Background: Integration of Ultrasonography (USG) and Computed Tomography (CT) sessions into medical curriculum has been started and numerous studies show that they could be useful in anatomy teaching as an adjunct to traditional ways including didactic lectures, cadaveric material or 3D models. Information regarding the benefit and feasibility of integrating radiology sessions into Indian medical curriculum is still lacking.Methods: We introduced didactic and practical sessions of USG and CT focusing on Liver morphology into first year anatomy course and found out student’ perception by Likert- scale type questionnaire at the end. We collected opinions once again from the same cohort during their clinical rotations as junior doctors regarding the effectiveness of radiological sessions at very beginning of their career.Results: The first year students stated that radiology sessions were very interesting (97%) and effective (95%) to improve their anatomy understanding, 93% indicated it will make them more confident while taking practical examinations, 97% indicated such sessions should be incorporated in current anatomy curriculum. Majority of junior doctors (88% of responders) accepted the importance of early exposure to practical radiology in medical curriculum and recommended to include practical USG and CT sessions in anatomy course.Conclusions: This study was first to experiment the impact of practical radiology sessions in anatomy and collect feedback from both first year students and junior doctors in an Indian medical college. Our study shows it is possible and beneficial to include structured ultrasonography and CT sessions to the present MBBS curriculum in conjunction with traditional teaching methods.