bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systemic, Mucosal Immune Activation and Psycho-Sexual Health in ART-Suppressed Women Living with HIV: Evaluating Biomarkers and Environmental Stimuli
Authors: Nijhawan Parni , Carraro Anna , Vita Serena , Del Borgo Cosmo , Tortellini Eeva , Guardiani Mariasilvia , Zingaropoli Maria Antonella , Mengoni Fabio , Petrozza Vincenzo , Di Troia Luciana , Marcucci Immacolata , Kertusha Blerta , Scerpa Maria Cristina , Turriziani Ombretta , Vullo Vincenzo , Ciardi Maria Rosa , Mastroianni Claudio Maria , Marocco Raffaella , Lichtner Miriam
Published: April 2023

Gender medicine is now an approach that can no longer be neglected and must be considered in scientific research. We investigated the systemic and mucosal immune response in a population of women living with HIV (WLWH) who were receiving successful ART and the sexual and psychological repercussions of HIV infection on the women’s health. As control group, healthy women (HW) matched for age and sex distribution, without any therapy, were included. In summary, our study highlighted the persistence of immune-inflammatory activation in our population, despite virological suppression and a normal CD4 cell count. We found a hyperactivation of the systemic monocyte and an increase in inflammatory cytokine concentrations at the systemic level. The analysis carried out showed a significantly higher risk of HPV coinfection in WLWH compared to HW. Furthermore, our data revealed that WLWH have a profile compatible with sexual dysfunction and generalized anxiety disorders. Our study underlines that patients living with HIV should be evaluated by multidisciplinary teams. These findings also support the idea that more and different immunological markers, in addition to those already used in clinical practice, are needed. Further studies should be carried out to clarify which of these could represent future therapy targets.
Detection of IgA and IgG Antibodies against the Structural Proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in Breast Milk and Serum Samples Derived from Breastfeeding Mothers
Authors: Cortés-Sarabia Karen , Guzman-Silva Vianey , Martinez-Pacheco Karla Montserrat , Meza-Hernández Jesús Alberto , Luna-Pineda Víctor Manuel , Leyva-Vázquez Marco Antonio , Vences-Velázquez Amalia , Beltrán-Anaya Fredy Omar , Del Moral-Hernández Oscar , Illades-Aguiar Berenice
Published: April 2023

Background: COVID-19 vaccination or natural infection is associated with the development of immunity. The search of IgA and IgG antibodies against all the structural proteins (spike, nucleocapsid, membrane, and envelope) of SARS-CoV-2 in breastfeeding mothers is associated with immunity that can help the newborn avoid development of the infection. Methods: In this study, we analyzed 30 breastfeeding women that provided samples of breast milk and serum and evaluated the presence of IgA, total IgG, and subclasses against the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Results: We reported a high seroprevalence to IgA (76.67–100%) and negativity to IgG against all analyzed proteins in breast milk. Seroprevalence in serum samples was around 10–36.67% to IgA and 23.3–60% to IgG. Finally, we detected the presence of the subclasses IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 against all the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: This work provides evidence of the presence of IgA and IgG antibodies against the four structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in breast milk and serum samples derived from breastfeeding women, which can confer immunity to the newborn.
SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection and Severity of the Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nguyen Nhu Ngoc , Nguyen Y Ngoc , Hoang Van Thuan , Million Matthieu , Gautret Philippe
Published: April 2023

Since the discovery of SARS-CoV-2, changes in genotype and reinfection with different variants have been observed in COVID-19-recovered patients, raising questions around the clinical pattern and severity of primary infection and reinfection. In this systematic review, we summarize the results of 23 studies addressing SARS-CoV-2 reinfections. A total of 23,231 reinfected patients were included, with pooled estimated reinfection rates ranging from 0.1 to 6.8%. Reinfections were more prevalent during the Omicron variant period. The mean age of reinfected patients was 38.0 ± 6. years and females were predominant among reinfected patients (M/F = 0.8). The most common symptoms during the first and second infection were fever (41.1%), cough (35.7% and 44.6%), myalgia (34.5% and 33.3%), fatigue (23.8% and 25.6%), and headaches (24.4% and 21.4%). No significant differences of clinical pattern were observed between primary infection and reinfection. No significant differences in the severity of infection were observed between primary infection and reinfection. Being female, being a patient with comorbidities, lacking anti-nucleocapsid IgG after the first infection, being infected during the Delta and Omicron wave, and being unvaccinated were associated with a higher risk of reinfection. Conflicting age-related findings were found in two studies. Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 suggests that natural immunity is not long-lasting in COVID-19 patients.
Engaging Faith-Based Organizations for Promoting the Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccine in India: A Case Study of a Multi-Faith Society
Authors: Soni Gopal Krishna , Bhatnagar Anumegha , Gupta Anil , Kumari Amrita , Arora Sonal , Seth Surbhi , Rastogi Apurva , Kanagat Natasha , Fields Rebecca
Published: April 2023

Mass vaccination, currently the most promising solution to contain communicable diseases, including COVID-19 requires collaboration between a variety of partners to improve the supply and demand and alleviate vaccine inequity. Vaccine hesitancy features in WHO’s list of top 10 threats to global health, and there is plethora of disinformation instigating conflict between COVID-19 vaccination drive and religious sentiments. Negotiating public health partnerships with FBOs (Faith Based Organizations) has always been challenging. A handful of faith leaders have always shown resistance to ideas such as child immunization, and family planning. Many others have been supportive on other fronts like helping people with food, shelter, and medical aid in the times of public health crisis. Religion is an important part of life for the majority of the Indian population. People confide in faith-based leaders in the times of difficulty. This article presents experiences from the strategic engagement with FBOs (entities dedicated to specific religious identities, often including a social or moral component) to promote uptake of COVID-19 vaccination, especially among the vulnerable and marginalized communities. The project team collaborated with 18 FBOs and more than 400 religious institutions to promote COVID-19 vaccination and build confidence for the vaccination program. As a result, a sustainable network of sensitized FBOs from diverse faiths was created. The FBOs mobilized and facilitated vaccination of 0.41 million beneficiaries under the project.
Low Vaccine Coverage and Factors Associated with Incomplete Childhood Immunization in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and Rural Groups, Central Brazil
Authors: de Oliveira Roque e Lima Juliana , Pagotto Valéria , Rocha Bárbara Souza , Scalize Paulo Sérgio , Guimarães Rafael Alves , de Lima Márcio Dias , da Silva Leandro Nascimento , da Silva Oliveira Michele Dias , Moura Winny Éveny Alves , Teles Sheila Araújo , Rosso Claci Fátima Weirich , Caetano Karlla Antonieta Amorim
Published: April 2023

Discrimination and limited access to healthcare services in remote areas can affect vaccination coverage. Therefore, this study aimed to estimate vaccination coverage for children living in quilombola communities and rural settlements in the central region of Brazil during their first year of life and to analyze the factors associated with incomplete vaccination. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on children born between 2015 and 2017. The percentage of children who received all vaccines recommended by the National Immunization Program in Brazil by 11 months and 29 days was used to calculate immunization coverage. Children who received the following vaccines were considered as having a complete basic vaccination schedule: one dose of BCG; three doses of Hepatitis B, of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis (DPT), of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), and of Poliovirus (Polio); two doses of Rotavirus, of 10-valent pneumococcal (PCV10), and of Serogroup C meningococcal conjugate (MenC); and one dose of Yellow Fever (YF). Measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) and other doses recommended at or after 12 months were not included. Consolidated logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with incomplete vaccination coverage. Overall vaccination coverage was 52.8% (95% CI: 45.5–59.9%) and ranged from 70.4% for the Yellow Fever vaccine to 78.3% for the Rotavirus vaccine, with no significant differences between the quilombola and settler groups. Notably, the likelihood of incomplete general vaccination coverage was higher among children who did not receive a visit from a healthcare professional. Urgent strategies are required to achieve and ensure health equity for this unique and traditionally distinct group with low vaccination coverage.
COVID-19 Vaccine Refusal and Delay among Adults in Italy: Evidence from the OBVIOUS Project, a National Survey in Italy
Authors: Gori Davide , Capodici Angelo , La Fauci Giusy , Montalti Marco , Salussolia Aurelia , Soldà Giorgia , Di Valerio Zeno , Scognamiglio Francesca , Fantini Maria Pia , Leask Julie , Larson Heidi J. , Profeti Stefania , Toth Federico , Lenzi Jacopo ,   on behalf of the other researchers of the OBVIOUS BOARD
Published: April 2023

Background: Vaccine hesitancy was defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2019 as a major threat to global health. In Italy, reluctance to receive vaccines is a widespread phenomenon that was amplified during the COVID-19 pandemic by fear and mistrust in government. This study aims to depict different profiles and characteristics of people reluctant to vaccinate, focusing on the drivers of those who are in favor of and those who are opposed to receiving the COVID-19 vaccine. Methods: A sample of 10,000 Italian residents was collected. A survey on COVID-19 vaccination behavior and possible determinants of vaccine uptake, delay, and refusal was administered to participants through a computer-assisted web interviewing method. Results: In our sample, 83.2% stated that they were vaccinated as soon as possible (“vaccinators”), 8.0% delayed vaccination (“delayers”), and 6.7% refused to be vaccinated (“no-vaccinators”). In general, the results show that being female, aged between 25 and 64, with an education level less than a high school diploma or above a master’s degree, and coming from a rural area were characteristics significantly associated with delaying or refusing COVID-19 vaccination. In addition, it was found that having minimal trust in science and/or government (i.e., 1 or 2 points on a scale from 1 to 10), using alternative medicine as the main source of treatment, and intention to vote for certain parties were characteristics associated with profiles of “delayers” or “no-vaccinators”. Finally, the main reported motivation for delaying or not accepting vaccination was fear of vaccine side effects (55.0% among delayers, 55.6% among no-vaccinators). Conclusion: In this study, three main profiles of those who chose to be vaccinated are described. Since those who are in favor of vaccines and those who are not usually cluster in similar sociodemographic categories, we argue that findings from this study might be useful to policy makers when shaping vaccine strategies and choosing policy instruments.
Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses to Vaccination for COVID-19 Are Negatively Impacted by Senescent T Cells: A Case Report
Authors: Rosseto-Welter Eliane Aparecida , Rodrigues Silvia Sanches , de Figueiredo Amanda Braga , França Carolina Nunes , Oliveira Danielle Bruna Leal , Bachi André Luis Lacerda , do Amaral Jônatas Bussador , Siqueira Ricardo Andreotti , Bento Laiz Camerão , da Silva Ana Paula , Bacal Nydia Strachman , dos Santos Ferreira Carlos Eduardo , Mangueira Cristóvão Luis Pitangueira , Pinho João Renato Rebello
Published: April 2023

Background: Herein, we aimed to follow up on the cellular and humoral immune responses of a group of individuals who initially received the CoronaVac vaccine, followed by a booster with the Pfizer vaccine. Methods: Blood samples were collected: before and 30 days after the first CoronaVac dose; 30, 90, and 180 days after the second CoronaVac dose, and also 20 days after the booster with the Pfizer vaccine. Results: Whilst the positivity to gamma interferon-type cellular response increased after the first CoronaVac dose, neutralizing and IgG antibody levels only raised 30 days after the second dose, followed by a drop in these responses after 90 and 180 days. The booster with the Pfizer vaccine elicited a robust cellular and humoral response. A higher number of double-negative and senescent T cells, as well as increased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels were found in the participants with lower humoral immune responses. Conclusion: CoronaVac elicited an early cellular response, followed by a humoral response, which dropped 90 days after the second dose. The booster with the Pfizer vaccine significantly enhanced these responses. Furthermore, a pro-inflammatory systemic status was found in volunteers who presented senescent T cells, which could putatively impair the immune response to vaccination.
Development of an Integrated Continuous Manufacturing Process for the rVSV-Vectored SARS-CoV-2 Candidate Vaccine
Authors: Yang Zeyu , Paes Barbara Cristina Martins Fernandes , Fulber Julia Puppin Chaves , Tran Michelle Yen , Farnós Omar , Kamen Amine A.
Published: April 2023

The administration of viral vectored vaccines remains one of the most effective ways to respond to the ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, pre-existing immunity to the viral vector hinders its potency, resulting in a limited choice of viral vectors. Moreover, the basic batch mode of manufacturing vectored vaccines does not allow one to cost-effectively meet the global demand for billions of doses per year. To date, the exposure of humans to VSV infection has been limited. Therefore, a recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV), which expresses the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, was selected as the vector. To determine the operating upstream process conditions for the most effective production of an rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 candidate vaccine, a set of critical process parameters was evaluated in an Ambr 250 modular system, whereas in the downstream process, a streamlined process that included DNase treatment, clarification, and a membrane-based anion exchange chromatography was developed. The design of the experiment was performed with the aim to obtain the optimal conditions for the chromatography step. Additionally, a continuous mode manufacturing process integrating upstream and downstream steps was evaluated. rVSV-SARS-CoV-2 was continuously harvested from the perfusion bioreactor and purified by membrane chromatography in three columns that were operated sequentially under a counter-current mode. Compared with the batch mode, the continuous mode of operation had a 2.55-fold increase in space–time yield and a reduction in the processing time by half. The integrated continuous manufacturing process provides a reference for the efficient production of other viral vectored vaccines.
Efficacy of Six Different SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines during a Six-Month Follow-Up and Five COVID-19 Waves in Brazil and Mexico
Authors: Romero-Ibarguengoitia Maria Elena , Rivera-Salinas Diego , Sarti Riccardo , Levi Riccardo , Mollura Maximiliano , Garza-Silva Arnulfo , Rivera-Cavazos Andrea , Hernández-Ruíz Yodira Guadalupe , Barco-Flores Irene Antonieta , González-Cantú Arnulfo , Sanz-Sánchez Miguel Ángel , Guimarães Júnior Milton Henriques , Pozzi Chiara , Barbieri Riccardo , Morales-Rodriguez Devany Paola , Texeira Mauro Martins , Rescigno Maria
Published: April 2023

Comparisons among the different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are important to understand which type of vaccine provides more protection. This study aimed to evaluate the real-life efficacy through symptomatic infection and the humoral response of six different vaccines against SARS-CoV-2—BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S, CoronaVac, Ad26.COV2, and Ad5-nCoV. This multicentric observational longitudinal study involved hospitals from Mexico and Brazil in which volunteers who received complete vaccination schemes were followed for 210 days after the last dose. SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1–2 IgG levels were taken before receiving the first vaccine, 21 days after each dose, and the last sample at six months (+/−1 month) after the last dose. A total of 1132 individuals exposed to five COVID-19 waves were included. All vaccines induced humoral responses, and mRNA vaccines had the highest antibody levels during follow-up. At six months, there was a decline in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike 1–2 IgG antibody titers of 69.5% and 36.4% in subjects with negative and positive history of infection respectively. Infection before vaccination and after complete vaccination scheme correlated with higher antibody titers. The predictors of infection were vaccination with CoronaVac compared to BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1-S. In the presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, or dyslipidemia, CoronaVac lowered the risk of infection.
Factors of Compliance of Dental Patients in Primary Health Care Services during the Pandemic
Authors: Zachari Sofia , Papagiannis Dimitrios , Kotsiou Ourania , Malli Foteini , Fradelos Evangelos C. , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos I.
Published: April 2023

The compliance of dentists with good hygiene practices during the COVID-19 pandemic was essential to minimize the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 strains, and the pandemic has significantly interrupted the provision of oral health care to many individuals. We aimed to examine, in a cross-sectional study, factors affecting dental patients’ compliance in primary dental health settings during the pandemic period. The present study was conducted on 300 dental patients visiting four private dental offices in the city of Larissa in Central Greece during the period October–December 2021. The patients in the study sample were of an average age of 45.79 years with a standard deviation of 15.54 years, and 58% of the sample were females. A significant proportion of the participants, 22%, reported that they would be influenced if they knew that the dentist had been ill with COVID-19 despite being fully recovered. A total of 88% of the participants reported that they would feel safe if they knew their dentist was vaccinated against COVID-19. Regarding the information received by dentists, 88% of the participants agreed that the dentist’s role is important in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, and 89% of them agreed that the information they received from the dentist about the COVID-19 pandemic was sufficient. One-third of the total sample reported that COVID-19 negatively impacted keeping dental appointments, and 43% of the sample kept scheduled appointments. A total of 98% reported that the dentist followed all health protocols against COVID-19 and that their office was equipped to follow health protocols. In the present study, we observe that dentists had adequate knowledge of, attitudes towards, and practices of infection control protocols against COVID-19 during the second wave, according to patients’ perceptions.
A Systematic Review of Current Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Horses
Authors: Tuniyazi Maimaiti , Wang Wenqing , Zhang Naisheng
Published: April 2023

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a technique involving transferring fecal matter from a healthy donor to a recipient, with the goal of reinstating a healthy microbiome in the recipient’s gut. FMT has been used in horses to manage various gastrointestinal disorders, such as colitis and diarrhea. To evaluate the current literature on the use of FMT in horses, including its efficacy, safety, and potential applications, the authors conducted an extensive search of several databases, including PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, published up to 11 January 2023. The authors identified seven studies that met their inclusion criteria, all of which investigated the FMT application as a treatment for gastrointestinal disorders such as colitis and diarrhea. The authors demonstrated that FMT was generally effective in treating these conditions. However, the authors noted that the quality of the studies was generally suboptimal and characterized by small sample sizes and a lack of control groups. The authors concluded that FMT is a promising treatment option for certain gastrointestinal disorders in horses. Nevertheless, more research is required to determine the optimal donor selection, dosing, and administration protocols, as well as the long-term safety and efficacy of FMT in horses.
Chemical Characteristics and Controlling Factorsof Groundwater in Chahannur Basin
Authors: Gong Zhiqiang , Tian Xizhao , Fu Lulu , Niu Haobo , Xia Zongze , Ma Zhiyuan , Chen Jian , Zhou Yahong
Published: April 2023

This paper studies the spatial distribution characteristics and controlling factors of groundwater chemistry in the Chahannur Basin. One hundred and seventy shallow groundwater samples (50 m shallow) are collected, and seven ions, pH, TDS, TH, iron, manganese, COD, barium and other indicators, are detected. Piper triplex graph, Gibbs model, ion ratio, analysis of variance and Kriging interpolation are used to carry out the research. The results show that bicarbonate water is the main water chemical type in the Chahannur Basin, in which bicarbonate water accounts for 65.23%, chloride water accounts for 15.15% and sulfate water accounts for 19.62%. Bicarbonate water is mainly distributed in the mountainous areas in the north and south of the basin, and the main controlling factor is rock weathering. Sulfate-type water is mainly distributed in the lower reaches of the northern mountains of the basin, and the main controlling factors are rock weathering and evaporation concentration. The chloride water is mainly distributed in the Chahannur Lake area and the shallow groundwater buried area in the central region of the basin. The main controlling factors are evaporation concentration and human influence. Na+ is mainly derived from atmospheric precipitation and rock salt leaching, Ca2+ and Mg2+ are mainly derived from carbonate minerals leaching, and silicate minerals leaching is less. The pH of groundwater in the basin ranges from 6.3 to 9.18, with an average value of 7.50. The TDS in the basin ranges from 227 to 22,700 mg/L, with an average of 1661 mg/L. Iron in the catchment ranges from 0.01 to 15.343 mg/L, with a mean of 0.837 mg/L. The manganese content in the basin ranges from 0.005 to 3.802 mg/L, with an average value of 0.254 mg/L. COD in the basin ranges from 0.71–32.72 mg/L, with an average value of 3.49 mg/L. Barium in the basin ranges from 0.005 to 0.312 mg/L, with an average of 0.075 mg/L. The research results provide basic scientific data support for groundwater hydrochemistry research in the Chahannur Basin and show that the types of water chemistry in the study area are complex and diverse, and although the distribution is still controlled by terrain and geological conditions, the area affected by human activities accounts for a high proportion, so attention should be paid to the impact of human activities on groundwater in this area.
Research on the Damage Law and Prevention Measures of the Substrate under the Action of Water and Rock
Authors: Zheng Qiushuang , Pang Lifu
Published: April 2023

The potential of sudden water accidents induced by damage to the bottom slab that forms a water channel due to the action of karst water calls for research on the damage law of coal seam floors under the coupling effect of mining and karst water. In this study, the coupling situation of karst water and floor rock was analyzed based on the theory of rock mechanics and fracture mechanics, combined with the actual geological conditions of a coal seam floor. The law of water-rock coupling was investigated using theoretical analysis and mechanical tests. Results indicate that the strength of the bottom slab rock decreased significantly when the karst pore water was coupled with the bottom slab rock. A three-dimensional numerical model was established using FLAC3D software to simulate the mining situation of the working face under different water pressures. By analyzing the stress change, water pressure change, and plastic zone damage of the bottom slab, it was discovered that the damage effect of karst water pressure on the bottom slab continues to increase when the water pressure is greater than 3 MPa. The impact caused by water pressure greater than 6 MPa occurs gradually. Analysis of measures to prevent and control sudden water on the bottom slab indicates that grouting reinforcement can effectively prevent and control the bottom slab karst sudden water problem.
Analysis of the Effect of Climate Change on the Characteristics of Rainfall in Igeldo-Gipuzkoa (Spain)
Authors: López José Javier , Ayuso-Muñoz José Luis , Goñi Mikel , Gimena Faustino N.
Published: April 2023

In recent years, numerous studies have been carried out on changes in the temperature and precipitation regimes and in the frequency of the extreme events that are a result of climate change. While there is evidence of an increase in temperature at a global level, this globality does not seem to occur with precipitation. The Igeldo weather station (San Sebastian) has one of the longest recorded rainfall intensity series in Spain and can be considered as representative of the Cantabrian coast. This circumstance makes it the ideal place to analyse the trend of the pluviometric regime of this area, and this was precisely the objective of this study. A total of 165 series of pluviometric parameters were obtained to characterise the pluviometric regime. The Mann–Kendall and Spearman tests were applied to evaluate the trends of the different parameters, and the Pettitt test was applied to detect the existence of change points. In all the series, it was proven that there were no significant trends or change points. Significant increasing trends were only detected in the series of maximum winter precipitation. In general terms, it can be concluded that the precipitation regime in Igeldo is quite stationary in the context of climate change.
Analytical Solution of the One-Dimensional Transport of Ionic Contaminants in Porous Media with Time-Varying Velocity
Authors: Zeng Xing , Gao Tong , Xie Linhui , He Zijian
Published: April 2023

The one-dimensional convection–dispersion equation has been widely used to describe the migration process of contaminant leachate through barriers. However, most of the existing solutions are limited to simple conditions. In this study, a one-dimensional convection–dispersion model with time-dependent velocity was established while considering the change in the permeability coefficient. The analytical solution of the model was obtained by using the integral transformation method. Based on the analytical model, three special conditions were assumed for comparison. The results showed that the concentration levels of pollutants inside the barrier would significantly increase with the increase in the flow velocity, and the pollutant concentrations inside the barrier would be increased by four times compared with the normal flow velocity when the flow rate increased by two times. The transports of heavy metal ions with variable velocities through soil–bentonite and soil–attapulgite barriers were predicted under field conditions. The predicted results showed that the breakthrough time would be reduced by as much as two times. In engineering practice, a barrier’s service performance can be improved by controlling the temperature of the seepage field and improving the chemical compatibility of the barrier materials.
Analysis of Hotel Water-Use Behavior Based on the MLP-SEM Model
Authors: Cai Rong , Bai Xue , Liu Jialin , Hu Mengting
Published: April 2023

As a representative service industry, the hotel industry has a complex water-use structure and high water consumption. It is of great significance to investigate the mechanisms determining hotel water-use behavior for demand analysis, as this would make it possible to enhance water-use efficiency and enact targeted water-saving measures. Using Spearman’s hierarchical correlation coefficient, the multi-layer perceptron (MLP) neural network model, and the structural equation model (SEM), in this study, we explored the mechanism determining hotel consumers’ water-use behavior from different dimensions and constructed a typical water-use behavior model based on the MLP-SEM model. In terms of individual water-use behavior, the results showed that individual characteristics, water-conservation awareness, and consumption behavior possessed significant differences regarding their influence on and correlation with various water-use behaviors. The most relevant factors influencing each behavior, namely washing up, hand washing, and drinking, were daily stay in the hotel, education, and income. Gender had the greatest impact on bathing and toilet-flushing water-use behaviors. The importance of daily stay in the hotel was 0.181, which meant that this was the most significant factor influencing the direct water-use behavior of hotel guests. The following factors were identified: hotel type, income, age, and gender. Typical individual characteristics had a significant impact on main water-use behaviors, whereas typical consumption behaviors had no effect. These results can provide a foundation for relevant research in other industries and serve as a basis for a prediction model of water consumption in hotels based on water-use behavior. Furthermore, they provide a basis for the delicate management of water-use behavior in hotels, making it possible to effectively guide the public to consciously adopt water-saving habits, thus improving water efficiency, which could alleviate the shortage of water resources in the long-term.
Elemental Fractionation in Sabellariidae (Polychaeta) Biocement and Comparison with Seawater Pattern: A New Environmental Proxy in a High-Biodiversity Ecosystem?
Authors: Deias Claudia , Guido Adriano , Sanfilippo Rossana , Apollaro Carmine , Dominici Rocco , Cipriani Mara , Barca Donatella , Vespasiano Giovanni
Published: April 2023

The polychaete worm Sabellaria alveolata builds shallow-water aggregates of tubes by agglutinating sands using a secreted glue. Sabellarid bioconstructions represent fragile and dynamic habitats that host numerous associated organisms, playing a key ecological role. A two-year study on bioconstructions from three Sicilian sites (Simeto, Portopalo, and Falconara) investigated the balance between reef status and environmental parameters through a geochemical comparison of biocement tube portions and the surrounding waters. Water pollution by heavy metals, which is monitored in marine waters, is a result of river, domestic, and industrial discharges. The major constituents from the biocements of the three sites showed concentrations comparable to those in the seawater, while trace elements (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and As) showed concentrations significantly higher than the mean seawater composition. These similar trends confirm a close dependence between the presence of trace elements (metals) in the seawater and the subsequent bioaccumulation in the biocement produced by the worm. The results also showed that Ca and Mg are fractionated by biocement independent of their water concentrations, in contrast to the trace elements. Further studies addressing the biomineralization processes and the relative fractionation of trace elements in Sabellaria biocement will allow it to be validated as a valuable proxy for short- and long-term environmental studies.
Assessing the Quality of Prenatal Care: Use of the Kotelchuck Index Combined with Prenatal Care Data
Authors: de Aguiar Débora Melo , de Andrade Andréia Moreira , Ramalho Alanderson Alves , Martins Fernanda Andrade , Koifman Rosalina Jorge , Optiz Simone Perufo , da Silva Ilce Ferreira
Published: April 2023

The aim of the present study was to propose a quality prenatal (PN) care assessment model combining use and visit content (both adjusted for the weeks of gestation) to estimate inadequate PN care and associated factors in Rio Branco, Acre. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a population-based cohort of 1030 women in the city of Rio Branco in 2015. The use of PN care was classified according to the adapted Kotelchuck index by combining the performance of clinical-obstetric procedures adjusted for weeks of gestation. Levels of adequacy were built according to PN care use and content. Gross and adjusted odds ratios were estimated by using a logistic regression. The prevalence rates of inadequate prenatal care quality were 25.9% (Level-1), 54.8% (Level-2), 68.8% (Level-3), and 78.6% (Level-4). The factors associated with Level-1 were age ≤ 34 years (ORaj:3.74), not having a partner (ORaj:1.62), unplanned pregnancy (ORaj:1.73), and multiparity (ORaj:2.25); those for Level-2 comprised not having a partner (ORaj:1.82) and multiparity (ORaj:1.33); those for Level-3 were age ≤ 34 years (ORaj:3.31), not having a partner (Oraj:1.71), unplanned pregnancy (Oraj:1.45), PN in the private sector (Oraj:3.08), and multiparity (ORaj:2.17); those for Level 4 comprised not having a partner (ORaj:2.33), family income < 1 MW (ORaj:2.05), unplanned pregnancy (ORaj:1.41), PN in the private sector (ORaj:6.80), and multiparity (ORaj:1.49). The Kotelchuck index was proven efficient in assessing the combined effect of use and content in assessing PN care quality.
Efectos tributarios en las MIPYMES del sector comercial en tiempo de pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: Cuadrado Sánchez Gina , Becerra Molina Edison , Flores Flores María Eliza
Published: April 2023

El cierre masivo de empresas, especialmente de micro, pequeñas y medianas empresas (MIPYMES), desencadenó un aumento de 2.6% la tasa de desempleo alcanzando un 10,7% en 2020. El objetivo es analizar los efectos derivados de la política tributaria vigente en Ecuador durante la pandemia por COVID-19. El estudio se desarrolló bajo el diseño de campo no experimental de corte transeccional aplicando un instrumento a 191 empresarios de las MIPYMES del sector comercial de la zona 6 del austro ecuatoriano. Los principales resultados se resaltan que los regímenes tributarios en los que se ubican son el régimen general y el régimen de microempresas, la carga impositiva afecta al flujo de efectivo y que 52.36% considera que se torna difícil acatar las nuevas resoluciones emanadas por el gobierno. En conclusión, los efectos sufridos a causa de la pandemia obligan a que el gobierno establezca políticas que incentiven la reactivación económica de los contribuyentes a fin de baje carga tributaria para aliviar la necesidad de flujo de efectivo post pandemia.
A Critical Investigation of Factors Influencing Ugandan Family-Owned Manufacturing Businesses’ Performance
Authors: Kwoba Tadeo Bwire , Ebewo Patrick Ebong
Published: April 2023

Objective: This study investigated the role of resources, capabilities, entrepreneurial orientation, and stewardship on the performance of family-owned manufacturing businesses in Uganda to establish how a firm can identify the rare and valuable resources that simultaneously enable better performance levels and competitive advantage. Research Design & Methods: A qualitative study with 15 participants from six family manufacturing businesses using interviews. The transcribed data was analysed and grouped into themes. Findings: General management skills, financial management, marketing management, and technology benefits are key resources and capabilities that enhance the smooth operations of the family manufacturing businesses and play are pivotal in achieving better performance and sustainability. Secondly, it was found that proactiveness, risk management, and continuous evaluation and appraisals of their performance were practised among family-owned manufacturing businesses. Thirdly, decision-making systems and lines of authority, enabling them to constantly analyse market trends and know about competitors were in place. Lastly, although there are supporting programmes for the manufacturing industries to help family-owned manufacturing businesses acquire start-up resources and import raw materials, there still needs to be more consistency in implementing such support programmes in Uganda. Implications & Recommendations: Family business owners should embrace proactivity, risk management, and continuous evaluation and appraisals of business performance. Furthermore, a review of current government policies, particularly those about industry financing and labour management, is recommended. Contribution & Value Added: The study was the first attempt to examine the performance of family-owned manufacturing businesses in Uganda. An improved framework was developed for their entrepreneurial success.
Improving the performance of adjustable mechanisms by example gas distribution systems for KAMAZ engines.
Authors: Pegachkov A.
Published: April 2023

This article deals with issues related to increasing the performance potential of adjustable mecha-nisms, using the gas distribution system of KAMAZ 740.735 engine. At the same time, the main task is to optimize the technological process for the manufacturing the gas distribution mechanism, in order to increase the performance potential, for which a generalized “time- flow section” indicator is introduced, the parameters of which are studied experimentally, with further analysis and calculation of experimental data using the STATISTICA DOE software . As a result of the studies, it was decided to investigate the state of the selected gas distribution system during the operation period (before the 1-st maintenance), which will be able to increase the reliability of assessing the potential performance of selected gas distribu-tion mechanism.
FEATURES OF STRUCTURE FORMATION OF COMPOSITE GYPSUM BINDERS WITH A COMPLEX OF MINERAL AND ORGANIC ADDITIVES
Authors: Othman Azmi , Chernysheva N. , Drebezgova M.Yu. , Kovalenko E. , Vasheva S.
Published: April 2023

For the dynamically developing low-rise construction industry, there is a growing need to expand the range of building materials, including fast-hardening types of binders. Composite gypsum binders are effective, including a carefully selected mixture of gypsum binder, Portland cement and active mineral additives. Materials based on them harden quickly and gain the required strength. An increase in the performance characteristics of this type of binders is achieved when mineral and chemical additives are used in a complex. This helps to regulate the processes of their structure formation and hardening, depending on the activity of the components, changes in water demand, as well as the peptizing, adsorption and air-entrapping effects of chemical additives. The article presents the results of a study of the effect of chemical additives – superplasticizers MARF SU 84, MELFLUX 5581 F and the retarder of the setting time of PlastRetard PE – on the physico-mechanical properties of a hardened composite gypsum binder, including gypsum binder, Portland cement and a complex of mineral components (fine quartz sand, metacaolin VMK-45, limestone dust). The issues of management of its structuring processes are considered. It has been established that finely dispersed mineral additives from quartz sand, VMK-45 metacaolin and limestone dust are effective components for the production of composite gypsum binders. The developed complex chemical additives MARFSU 84 (0.1%)+PlastRetard PE (0.08%) and MELFLUX 5581 F (0.1%)+ PlastRetard PE (0.08%) can significantly slow down the beginning and end of setting of gypsum cement mixtures up to 45...48 min and increase the compressive strength of the hardened KGV after 28 days by 1.5 ...1.6 times (up to 18.3...20.4 MPa), respectively.
BACKGROUND OF GEOPOLYMER-BASED CELLULAR CONCRETE PRODUCTION
Authors: Kozhuhova N.
Published: April 2023

Geopolymer systems are currently quite promising among scientists in the field of building materials science in terms of free of cement binders and athermal synthesis materials due to a wide list of their positive properties that compete well with traditional analogs such as cement and cement concrete. The article provides a literary review of the current research and practical experience among Russian and foreign scientists on the issue of the synthesis of cellular concrete based on geopolymer. Based on a review analysis of modern publications in this field over the past 20-25 years, it has been shown that the key parameters that dominate the formation of a high-quality pore structure, as well as the thermophysical and mechanical properties of cellular geopolymer concrete are the following: choice and preparation of the main raw material, taking into account its chemical the nature and microstructure of the system, the type of modifying and pore-forming component, the sequence of introduction of components, the conditions and mode of hardening, the technology of pore formation, etc. As a result of analytical research, it was also revealed that, despite the rather large number of works devoted to obtaining cellular geopolymer systems, in general, today there is no deep understanding of the principles of formation and behavior of the pore structure during the operational period in geopolymer systems.
Résistance locale et émeutes dans les chef-villes brabançonnes aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles
Authors: Van Honacker Karin
Published: April 2023

Collective actions in the Brabant capital cities should rather be studied in relation to the policy of centralization of the princes than to cyclical fluctuations and years of crisis. Even though they manifested themselves in a variety of forms and originated as a result of divergent causes, they often appeared to have the same motives, to wit, the struggle for the preservation of spheres of influence. Usually, it were the guild leaders, being part of the city administration, who directed the resistance.
Femmes tondues et répression des « femmes à boches» en 1918
Authors: Le Naour Jean-Yves
Published: April 2023

After the liberation of the occupied territories in Northern France in 1918, the « bad women » who had slept with the enemy didn't have their shaved off as they did in Belgium and Germany. There was no gap between the german power and the french power, and the inhabitants of the recently liberated areas did not have the opportunity to exorcize their hatred against the women whose unbearable behavior had deeply hurt their patriotism. Thus, the crackdown that followed the first world war is an official, organized one : it was carried out by the army, and order was re-established by evacuating people or puting them in internment camps, not by shaving off any woman's hair.
L'inventaire du quotidien : le « papier journal » d'un marchand angevin et de sa femme au XVIIe siècle
Authors: Chatelain Claire
Published: April 2023

Reflections of a multi-dimensional field or research can be found in this diary of a « middle officeholder », also wine's merchant, and his wife, living in Montreuil-Bellay (Maine-et-Loire) and written drom 1612 to 1662. We can retrace in this book evidences in micro-economy, with records of his professional dealings, a record of his married life and family events (according to the rules found in Anjou) and the mentions of territorial political and religious relationships, with a strong hierarchy, and very intricated interreactions, evolving very slowly. It reveals for us the small world of Falligan's family.
Une guerre des images : Louis XVIII, Napoléon et la France en 1815
Authors: Duprat Annie
Published: April 2023

This subject, an important aspect of cultural history as well as the history of political images, examines the struggle between the imperial power of Napoleon 1st and Louis XVIII th, by studying political caricatures produced during the years 1814 and 1815. Many political symbols proceed from the old regime culture, others belong to the revolutionary times but there is a novelty, the « éteignoir », an old fashioned cap, pointing out the darkness of the restaured Bourbons monarchy. Finally, France is the great victim of these royal struggle.
L'historiographie française et le concept de « genre »
Authors: Riot-Sarcey Michèle
Published: April 2023

This article examines the cultural and institutional resistance to the use of gender as a category in French historiography. In France, history, and, more women's history, has not really assimilated the openings offered by the problematics of the construction of differences, nor the logical consequences of the use of gender. Cultural differences are partly responsible for this, and the polysémie nature of the word genre may add to the confusion. With a few exceptions, women's history in reluctant to engage in a historical analysis which would take into account the founding role of hierarchy and of relations of power and difference which are central to gender.
Sida, santé publique et politique du médicament au Brésil : autonomie ou dépendance ?
Authors: Loyola Maria Andréa
Published: April 2023

Aids, public health and drug policy : autonomy or dependency ?

Brazilian policy on Aids stands as a “ model” whose originality stems from the production of generic drugs for facilitating all patients’ access to treatments and therapies. This model, elaborated within state bureaucracies, has been inspired by the “ sanitary” movement which emerged in 1970’ s, with an aim at promoting health as a fundamental human right that must be guaranteed by the state. Brazilian policy on Aids has also been highlighted for the transformations it has brought about in the relations between national industry and large multinational pharmaceutical firms. Drawing upon in-depth interviews with various actors who have played strategic roles within Brazilian health system and economic bureaucracy from 1960’ s onwards, we will display the multiple interactions between public health policy, war on Aids, and drug policy. We will notably examine the complex configurations within which the issue of autonomy versus dependence of Brazilian pharmaceutical industry has been raised.
Les politiques de vaccination au Brésil : entre science, santé publique et contrôle social
Authors: Löwy Ilana
Published: April 2023

Vaccination policies in Brazil : science, public health and social control

This article opposes the history of smallpox vaccination in Brazil with the one of vaccination against yellow fever. First attempts to impose small pox vaccination were closely linked with efforts of forced “ sanitizing” popular neighborhoods of Rio de Janeiro. These efforts met popular resistance that culminated with the “ vaccination rebellion” of 1904. The overall success of Cruz’s sanitary campaign (1903-1907) led to enhancement of prestige of public health in Brazil, but public health measures rooted in control over populations continued to induce reactions of reject and resistance. The vaccination campaign against yellow fever that started in 1938, did not led, however, such reactions. This campaign was welcomed by local populations, and it popularity was not harmed by a series of vaccination accidents. The radical change of attitudes towards vaccination between 1904 and 1938 may be explained by the displacement of goals of vaccination from protection of spaces to protection of individuals at risk.