bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Farklı Yüksekliklere Uygulanan Yeop Chagi Tekmesinde Core Kas Aktivasyonunun İncelenmesi
Authors: Yılmaz Elif Aybüke , Ateş Osman
Published: April 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı üç farklı yüksekliğe uygulanan Taekwondo Yeop Chagi tekniği sırasında oluşan core bölgesi kas aktivasyonunu incelemektir. Araştırmaya son beş yıldır Poomsae kategorisi Türk milli takımında yer alan, 18-30 yaş grubunda ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde yarışan gönüllü 9 erkek ve 9 kadın (toplam 18) sporcu katılmıştır. Sporcuların kas aktivasyon ölçümleri için Noraxon Ultium EMG yüzeysel elektromyografi (sEMG) kullanılmıştır. sEMG kanalları ve elektrotlar core bölgesindeki seçili kaslara yerleştirilmiştir. Sporcular, tercih ettikleri baskın tekme bacaklarıyla (sağ) bel bölgesi, baş bölgesi ve maksimum yükseklikte Yeop Chagi tekmesi uygulamış ve en yüksek skorlar kaydedilmiştir. Ham verilerin filtrelenmesi sonucu elde edilen amplitüdler mikro volt (µV) cinsinde raporlanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler SPSS 25.0 paket programında Friedman testine ve ikili karşılaştırmalar (post hoc) testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. İstatistiksel analiz sonucunda aktivasyon ölçümü yapılmış tüm kaslarda bel- baş bölgesi yükseklikleri arasında anlamlı farklılık bulunmazken baş- maksimum yükseklikler arasında ve bel- maksimum yükseklikler arasında (maksimum yükseklikte daha fazla kasılma) anlamlı farklılıklar bulunmuştur (p
A Study of Adolescents' Behavioral Responses to Public Events and Guidance Trends in Social Media Platforms
Authors: Guan Yuxuan
Published: April 2024

With the popularization and development of social media, adolescence has become an important platform for adolescents to express their views, exchange information and participate in society. The purpose of this paper is to explore in depth adolescents' behavioral responses to public events on social media and their guiding trends and to analyze adolescents' motivations for using social media, the manifestation of public events on social media, the application of social movement theories in social media research, and the modern transformation of public sphere theories. Using a mixed-methods design that combines quantitative and qualitative data analysis, this study provides a comprehensive picture of adolescents' behavioral patterns, motivations for participation, and social impact on social media, as well as their roles and challenges in public discourse. The study revealed that adolescents respond to a variety of types of public events, including posting, commenting, sharing, and engaging in hashtags. Adolescents' interactive behaviors on social media information diffusion, opinion formation, and social mobilization are important social impacts of adolescents' social media behaviors. They accelerate the spread of information through sharing and retweeting, participate in the discussion of public issues and have a direct impact on the formation of public opinion. In addition, social media has become an effective tool for mobilizing social action, and adolescents promote practical action and participation in public issues by interacting with and organizing online activities. This study proposes a series of coping strategies, including improving users' media literacy and information discernment, social media platforms to strengthen the regulation and auditing of information dissemination, and the government and the community to strengthen the regulation and governance of the social media field. This study provides new perspectives for understanding adolescents' social participation in the digital age, showing how social media, as a new public sphere, affects public discourse, social mobilization, and the formation of civic identity. The findings not only provide rich empirical material for sociological theories but also provide valuable insights for promoting social public participation, improving information quality, and advancing social progress. Future research can further explore the impact of social media on adolescents' social participation in different cultural and social contexts, as well as how to optimize the efficacy of social media as a platform for public discourse and social mobilization through educational and policy interventions.
Exploring the Educational Significance of Competitions in Chinese Higher Education
Authors: Jiang Shan , Zhang Zhong
Published: April 2024

Competition is a widely welcomed and promoted means of ability cultivation and knowledge examination under the current education model. In order to better leverage the positive impact of competitions in education, this study conducted questionnaire surveys and face-to-face interviews with competition participants in higher education from the perspectives of gender differences, competition mentality, students' social skills and teamwork abilities to explore the advantages of competitions. The educational significance and impact on students provide effective experiences and suggestions for students, educators and educational managers. The conclusion is that in subject competitions, the psychological pressure of students, especially girls, needs to be appropriately relieved. Students have many ideas and purposes for participating in competitions, and the guidance and publicity of educators are the most important reasons. Students are willing to use their imagination and innovation ability in competitions, but they still need certain guidance and teaching in the process of transforming from theory to practice.
Legal Issues and Solutions for AI Face-swapping Technology in the Context of the rule of the Law
Authors: Yin Wenyi
Published: April 2024

In the context of the rule of law in the new era of network, the protection of personal information rights and interests is an important content of great concern. Through empirical research on the use of AI face-swapping technology, the legal issues in AI face-swapping can be categorized from civil infringement and criminal offense respectively. On this basis, the five aspects of regulating network technology, regulating network platforms, clarifying the main responsibility, improving Blockchain technology, and enhancing citizens' network rule of law literacy can be taken as the "entry point" to regulate the use of AI face-swapping technology, so as to safeguard network security and create a clear cyberspace environment.
Late emergency cervical cerclage placement in a patient with early recurrent pregnancy loss and bicorporeal uterus: A case report
Authors: Bashiri Asher , Zaga Asaf , Shpringer Amit Salinger , Abecassis Avishag
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Uterine Müllerian anomalies are relatively common among the population, affecting approximately 4% of women, and can lead to various pregnancy-related pathologies. Cervical cerclage, a surgical procedure involving the placement of a stitch around the cervix, has been recognized as an optional treatment to mitigate the risk factors associated with these anomalies.

Case Report: A 33-year-old woman with a bicorporeal uterus and a history of early recurrent pregnancy loss, who was diagnosed with a cervical os shortening during her second anatomy screening at 22+3 weeks gestation. A cervical cerclage was performed to prevent preterm delivery, and subsequently. An elective cesarean section was conducted at 37+0 weeks of gestation, resulting in the birth of a healthy baby boy.

Conclusion: Although the literature about the effectiveness of cervical cerclage in pregnant women with Müllerian anomalies is limited, this case highlights its potential as an effective treatment option.
IDENTIFIKASI POTENSI BAHAYA K3 DAN PENGENDALIAN RISIKO PADA KEGIATAN PEMBORAN DI BALAI DIKLAT TAMBANG BAWAH TANAH SAWAHLUNTO IDENTIFICATION OF POTENTIAL OHS HAZARDS AND RISK CONTROL IN DRILLING ACTIVITES IN THE SAWALUNTO UNDERGROUND MINING AND TRAINING CE
Authors: Muchtar Arifin  , Taufan Fachsa  , Amran Mulyadi  , Sepriadi Sepriadi
Published: April 2024

OHS in mining activities is generally known as the Mining Occupational Health and Safety Management System (MOHS) which will regulate how and what forms of prevention and control both potential hazards or risks occur during mining activities. Drilling is one of the stages carried out before blasting activities. This is to obtain drilling fast, with the right position. The drilling, which was carried out at the Underground Mining Training Center, used a Jumbo drill and Jackleg machine. Risk identification is the process of identifying hazards, assessing risks and developing management strategies. The application of risk management has benefits including being able to guarantee business continuity by reducing the risk of every activity that contains a hazard, while the purpose of this study is to identify potential hazards and control the risk of work accidents for both workers and trainees at the Sawalunto Underground Mining Training Center.
Perkembangan Sukuk Mudharabah terhadap Korporasi di Indonesia
Authors: Ramadan Hendra
Published: April 2024

Sukuk Mudharabah adalah instrumen keuangan yang semakin populer di Indonesia dalam beberapa tahun terakhir. Sukuk ini merupakan bentuk investasi yang didasarkan pada prinsip bagi hasil, dimana investor dan emiten berbagi keuntungan dari investasi tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi perkembangan Sukuk Mudharabah terhadap koorporasi di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi data historis Sukuk Mudharabah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Sukuk Mudharabah terus mengalami pertumbuhan yang signifikan selama periode penelitian, meskipun terjadi fluktuasi dari tahun ke tahun. Selain itu, ditemukan bahwa perkembangan Sukuk Mudharabah memberikan dampak positif terhadap perekonomian Indonesia dalam hal meningkatkan investasi, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan pembangunan infrastruktur.
Analysis of the Issue of Low Promotion Rates Among Asians in the United States
Authors: Zhang Yifan
Published: April 2024

Asian Americans have a relatively high proportion of employees in the United States, but it is worth noting that there are very few Asian Americans who can hold executive positions in companies. This social phenomenon is unfair to capable Asians and may also affect the reputation of businesses as a result. The goal of this study is to identify the causes of the problem and raise awareness of the difficulties faced by Asian Americans in the labor force. This article uses statistical data and practical cases to examine the actual situation of Asian Americans in the United States and analyzes the reasons for the low promotion rate of Asian Americans in the workplace. Finally, based on the conclusions drawn, suggestions were provided on what measures the company should take to change this situation and how to help Asian employees achieve higher professional standards.
Studies of the Discrimination Faced by the Sexual Minorities
Authors: Fan Kexin
Published: April 2024

Although the affirmative action movement of sexual minorities is gradually rising in the world, the survival situation of sexual minorities is still not optimistic. The number of sexual minority groups in China is huge. With the development of society, they have received more and more attention, but these groups are still in the shadow. Society still has a lot of misconceptions and stereotypes, which not only makes them discriminated against, but also aggravates their life pressure, and even affects their survival and life. Based on previous research reports on sexual minorities, this paper analyzes the plight of neutral minorities in China from the current aspects of workplace, marriage and campus, and the causes of such problems —— socioculture and family style and school spirit. Finally, the paper summarizes and points out that the solution is to improve institutional guarantees and give full play to the guiding role of the media and education.
The impact of artificial intelligence technology innovation on economic development -- from the perspective of generative AI products
Authors: Li Zhenzhen
Published: April 2024

The new generation of artificial intelligence products, represented by ChatGPT and Wenyan Yixin, is rapidly and extensively integrating into human production and life at an unprecedented pace, breadth, and depth. Generative artificial intelligence possesses distinct characteristics and functionalities compared to rule-based artificial intelligence, exerting a more prominent dual impact on the high-quality development of China's economy. On the one hand, it can promote high-quality economic development through empowering effects such as innovation-driven effects, enhanced production efficiency, and industrial transformation and upgrading effects. On the other hand, it may give rise to deep-seated risks, including labor market disruptions, market monopolization issues, national security risks, and misinformation phenomena, which could hinder high-quality economic development. It is crucial to have a correct understanding and a scientific approach, leveraging its positive effects while proactively addressing negative impacts, guiding it to better serve the needs of China's high-quality economic development.
The Dilemma of Chinese Postgraduate Employment: First-Degree Discrimination
Authors: Yang Jiahang
Published: April 2024

In recent years, with the expansion of graduate enrollment and the increase in the number of graduate students, competition for employment among graduates has intensified. Consequently, a novel form of discrimination has emerged in the job market, significantly impinging on equal employment opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students alike. This article elucidates the emergence of this discrimination by employing a labor market discrimination model framework. Then the article introduces the prevailing methodologies for examining the existence and impact of discrimination in economics, makes comparations of representative literature data to demonstrate its violation of the equal employment rights of postgraduate students from diverse undergraduate backgrounds, resulting in substantial disparities in their employment rates and starting salaries. Furthermore, this article proposes solutions from three perspectives: enhance legislative construction, establish more scientific recruitment criteria and government measures. However, further research is required to examine the specific impact of this discrimination due to limited data samples.
Age Discrimination in Chinese Internet Workplace
Authors: Liu Bo
Published: April 2024

Due to economic reforms, cultural biases, and rapid technological progress, age discrimination has become widespread in China's online business environment. China is making the transition from central planning to market economy, and measures such as "xiagang" have enabled state-owned companies in China to lay off elderly permanent staff and reduce permanent employee numbers. As the internet industry expands, younger workers who are dynamic are being favored over those perceived to be less adaptable such as older individuals. The "age 35 phenomenon" illustrates how prejudice has been deepened by cultural expectations around gender, family responsibilities, and age. This study investigates all of the elements that contribute to age discrimination and termination trends among Chinese internet businesses. This article covers topics like pertinent policies, shifting labor relations, gender roles and age discrimination - among many others. Research findings indicated that eliminating sociocultural prejudices was just as essential to meeting economic and regulatory challenges, both of which are equally essential. Countermeasures on a national, organizational, and individual level include antidiscrimination legislation, corporate social responsibility programs, retraining programmes, networking events, and skill development activities. Policies and practices that promote inclusiveness have the power to mitigate instability and inequality. This study sheds light on the multiple obstacles elder Chinese internet workers encounter while offering solutions.
Research on the Optimization Strategy of Facebook Employee Engagement in the Context of the VUCA Era
Authors: Ye Siya
Published: April 2024

Employee engagement has become one of the hottest topics in recent years. In both theory and practice, it is a crucial issue for management. Numerous hypotheses have been developed over the past few decades to explain the influencing factors and outcomes of employee engagement. There are also a number of previous studies that have utilized meta-analyses on this question. This paper will explain these issues by applying a specific VUCA era and some of its characteristics (Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous). It will describe improved employee engagement models for Facebook in this paper. The author compiles prior studies on employee engagement and the VUCA era and analyses the factors contributing to Facebook's low employee engagement around Facebook's CEO, Mark Zuckerberg's character flaws and management style. The studies showed that effective leadership is indispensable in times of turbulent economic environment. The CEO of Facebook is autocratic, does not communicate, constantly reprimands staff members, and prioritizes profits over all else. Due to the accumulation of these issues, Facebook experienced confusion in the VUCA era and steadily decreased employee engagement. All the preliminary results throw light on the nature of Facebook’s need to change its management model. The findings indicate that employee engagement can be improved by changing leadership styles, improving communication skills, providing development opportunities and modifying workplace culture.
Uncovering Factors and Solutions to Gender Inequity in the Workplace
Authors: Hu Ruoxi
Published: April 2024

With differences in income, promotion, and opportunity continuing to impede progress toward workplace equality, persistent gender inequality in the workplace remains a major concern. The study examines at the complex interplay of factors that cause gender inequality, from cultural standards to organizational biases. A qualitative methodology is used to assess the data from various workplaces. The survey found significant gender differences in pay, representation in leadership roles, and access to professional development opportunities. Additionally, it shows how biases and cultural norms support the upkeep of these disparities. To address these issues, the research proposes a multifaceted approach that includes changes to the law, initiatives for diversity and inclusion, and tactics for personal empowerment. The study can improve society overall and create a more just workplace by putting these solutions into reality. This research explains the problem of gender inequality in the workplace and offers practical mitigation measures. By promoting more inclusive and egalitarian professional environments, we may foster the circumstances for a more just and progressive society.
The Relation between Sexual Orientation and Employment
Authors: Dong Ziyi
Published: April 2024

This paper explores how sexual orientation affects employment. Some studies have shown that gay men are more likely to be hired than lesbian but some said transgenders are more likely to be discriminated in workplaces. However, in this study we want to find whether discrimination in workplace is more likely to happen in gay, lesbian, transgender or other LGBT people. To find the relation between sexual orientation and employment, we compared discrimination happened in different LGBTQ group and different discriminations happen in them. We also want to find solution   to solve these problems but various factors affect the results. Conceal sexual orientation or not is one feature that impacts the results, normally people who choose to conceal their sexual orientation can better adapt the environment in workplace and they have higher probability to be promoted than those who do not conceal their sexual orientation. At the end of the article, we list some solutions from different aspects (from government, individuals, company and so on).
Government Expenditure on Education and Economic Growth: An Econometric Study
Authors: Wang Qigege , Zhang Zimo
Published: April 2024

The increase in government expenditure on education is commonly considered to have a positive effect on economic growth by raising GDP per capita. This essay aims to examine the effectiveness of education investment in driving economic growth. The panel Ordinary Lease Square (OLS) model is used to establish a regression model with data sets for Asian least developed, developed, and developing countries from 1995 to 2015 and a case study on China and Malaysia. The regression model manifests public spending on education as having a stimulative effect on economic growth in countries that have a stable and relatively more developed economy. The case study investigated the relationships between six factors relating to the government’s expenditure in education and found that investment in secondary schools has a strong relationship with prominent economic returns.
The Challenge of Traditional Teaching Approach: A Study on the Path to Improve Classroom Teaching Effectiveness Based on Secondary School Students' Psychology
Authors: Hu Jinghang
Published: April 2024

Currently, the psychological issues faced by secondary school students and their impact on classroom instruction are widely discussed. Throughout the middle school years, adolescents experience both physical and cerebral development. As material living conditions improve and social attitudes diversify, secondary school children experience fast cognitive development, possess a strong sense of self, and may also exhibit anxiety and rebellious tendencies. Nevertheless, the present traditional classroom exhibits many drawbacks, including a singular teaching approach, disconnection from real-world applications, insufficient emphasis on perceptual skills development, and disregard for students' active engagement in information acquisition. Conventional classrooms are no longer capable of fulfilling the requirements of learners. Thus, considering the psychological traits of middle school children, this study proposes the following recommendations: Firstly, create a classroom environment that is focused on the needs and interests of the students. Secondly, use the cooperative learning approach inside the classroom. Lastly, incorporate the usage of multimedia tools and techniques for instructional purposes.
Advancements in computer network technologies: A review
Authors: Magnaye Nicko A.
Published: April 2024

This article presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in computer network technologies, emphasizing their impact on various sectors. The rapid evolution of computer networks has transformed communication, work, and business. From 5G networks and the Internet of Things (IoT) to network security and quantum networking, this review explores the current state of computer networks and their prospects.
Risk management strategies for smart hotel supply chain
Authors: Islam Mohammad Shahidul , Islam Md Shamimul
Published: April 2024

In the dynamic and interconnected world of hospitality, smart hotel supply chains play a pivotal role in maintaining operational efficiency and service excellence. However, these supply chains are susceptible to many risks, including transportation disruptions, supplier insolvencies, and cybersecurity threats, which can severely impact business continuity and degrade service quality. This conceptual paper proposes a holistic framework for identifying, assessing, and mitigating supply chain risks within the context of smart hotels. By integrating advanced technologies and strategic management practices, this study aims to reinforce smart hotel supply chains against potential vulnerabilities, ensuring sustainable business operations and superior guest satisfaction. The paper explores various risk management measures and leverages supply chain management, hospitality, and cybersecurity insights to develop a robust risk management strategy tailored for smart hotels.
An Investigation of the Mechanisms of Technology Transfer and Automation in Universities: A Case Study on Promoting Entrepreneurship and Startup Ecosystems at Bangladesh Open University
Authors: Nayem Syeda Zakia , Khatun Mariam , Hossain Md. Sabbir
Published: April 2024

This study conducts a thorough analysis of the processes involved in technology transfer, automation, and entrepreneurship at Bangladesh Open University (BOU), using a qualitative research methodology. The study utilizes thematic analysis, supported by NVivo, to extract valuable insights from interviews with 30 important stakeholders, including academics, students, and administrators. The results indicate moderate achievements in the transfer of technology, characterized by difficulties in commercializing university research and developing robust industry connections. Within the field of automation, the study emphasizes the important role it plays in improving access to education, while also acknowledging the difficulties created by limited digital skills and unequal distribution of resources. The expansion of the entrepreneurship ecosystem at BOU is clearly visible, but, it is limited by a requirement for stronger support systems, namely in the areas of mentorship and funding. These qualitative views provide a detailed and subtle viewpoint on how BOU aligns with or deviates from well-known ideas like the Triple Helix Model and Academic Entrepreneurship Theory. They emphasize the distinct problems and opportunities that arise in an open university environment. The study’s results make significant contributions to scholarly discussions, highlighting the importance of customized approaches in incorporating technology and fostering entrepreneurial growth in higher education, particularly in the context of developing nations.
Effects of biologic drug therapy on body weight, appetite, and blood lipid profile in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Yuksel Esma , Canat Harbiye , Yildirim Ozan , Turkoglu Zafer
Published: April 2024

Obesity and dyslipidemia are frequently observed in patients with psoriasis. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biological therapy on body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), appetite, and blood lipid profiles in patients with psoriasis. A total of 83 patients receiving biologic therapy (n=44) [anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) (n=5), interleukin (IL)-12/23 inhibitor (n=13), IL-17 inhibitor (n=20), and IL-23 inhibitor (n=6)] and conventional therapy (n=39) [methotrexate (MTX) (n=25) and acitretin (n=14)] were included in the study. The patient’s baseline and current BW, BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), plasma triglyceride values, and Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) were retrospectively screened. Appetite was assessed with the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). The mean BW percent change values were found to increase by 2.40±2.30 kg, 2.38±4.13 kg, and 0.40±3.47 kg in patients taking anti-TNFα, IL-12/23 inhibitor, and IL-17 inhibitor agents, respectively, decrease by -0.60±0.89 kg in those receiving an IL-23 inhibitor; increase by 0.52±3.40 kg and 1.38±2.79 kg in those receiving MTX and acitretin, respectively. The triglyceride percent change rates increased with MTX (27.46±52.87 mg/dl) (p=0.029). Anti-TNFα and ixekizumab increased HDL percent change rates (21.44±20.99 mg/dl and 24.4±35.40 mg/dl, respectively) (p=0.044 and p=0.005). Although the SNAQ scores were similar in patients using conventional and biological drugs, a negative correlation was observed between the SNAQ scores and the PASI change (p=0.049, r=-0.221). In addition, an increase in BMI had a negative correlation with the PASI change (p=0.01, r=-0.282). Anti-TNFα and IL-12-23 inhibitors increased BW. While MTX increased triglyceride levels, anti-TNFα and ixekizumab increased HDL levels. In the treatment of psoriasis, the presence of obesity and blood lipid profiles should be considered in the selection of the appropriate treatment for each patient.
Evaluation of elder abuse in elderly patients presenting to an emergency department
Authors: Aygun Ali , Teke Hacer , Koksal Adem , Caltekin Ibrahim , Kurtas Omer
Published: April 2024

With the increase in the elderly population worldwide, elder abuse and neglect cases are not increasing gradually. Elder abuse is not only physical abuse but also sexual, psychological, and economic. This study aimed to evaluate the findings of elderly individuals admitted to an emergency department for abuse and neglect. This study was performed on patients aged 65 years and older who were admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital. Between January 1, 2019 and January 4, 2019, a presurvey and the Hwalek-Sengstock Elder Abuse Screening Test (H-S/EAST) were administered. Among the elderly included in this study, 48.8% (n=240) were female and 51.2% (n=252) were male. The total scores of the general test were found to be statistically significantly higher (p<0.05) in the elderly who were living alone, widowed, illiterate, unemployed, did not have children, came to the emergency department with trauma findings, had a history of more than one previous trauma, or who felt that they had recently been subjected to violence or physically, psychologically, or economically abused. It should be kept in mind that elderly patients admitted to an emergency department may suffer from elder abuse and neglect. Providing the right communication and appropriate environment to detect elder abuse is important for diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation.
Depression and anxiety among Filipino myasthenia gravis patients seen in a public tertiary hospital in Metro Manila
Authors: Adiao Karen Joy , Espiritu Adrian , Prado, Jr. Mario
Published: April 2024

Anxiety and depression complicate treatment of Myasthenia Gravis (MG) as it overlaps with somatic symptoms related to the disease itself. While both are established factors for disease severity in developed countries, similar research in underdeveloped regions is lacking. This study aims to determine the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with MG in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines, and to identify the sociodemographic and illness related factors that affect both mental disorders. Locally validated Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale-Pilipino (HADS-P) questionnaires were administered to 59 consenting MG patients to screen for anxiety and depression. Those who scored more than 8 for each subset of HADS-P were presumed to have anxiety, depression or both. The prevalence of anxiety and depression was 50.9% and 15.3%, respectively. Among the factors analyzed, only the female sex had a significant association with anxiety (p=0.019). The total HADS-P score (p=0.009) and HADS-P score for anxiety (p=0.008) had significant positive correlation with MGFA class. The high prevalence of anxiety and depression in MG warrants proper screening and recognition to institute proper treatment and management. This will also prevent confusion with somatic symptoms associated with MG.
Article: A Change in the Law or A Guideline from the EU VAT Committee? Evaluating Soft Law Instruments for Clarifying EU VAT Law Through the Lens of Legitimacy
Authors: Geringer Stefanie
Published: April 2024

In addition to amendments to the European Union (EU) value added tax (VAT) statutory law and the case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), various types of soft law have increasingly been used in recent years to elucidate the essence of EU VAT provisions. These include the guidelines issued by the EU VAT Committee which is a body explicitly enshrined in the EU VAT Directive. This article is aimed at discussing the significance of the EU VAT Committee guidelines from a legitimacy perspective. It will be demonstrated that they do not correspond to the ideals of inclusive governance that have long been advocated at the Union level and thus generally show deficits in input legitimacy. Some recent examples relating to the amended special scheme for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) will be utilized to argue that the EU VAT Committee guidelines can only be considered to have a certain level of output legitimacy. They can thus be useful as a legal opinion that national authorities and courts should take into account when interpreting and applying EU VAT law. However, they must therefore comply with the mandate of the EU legislature enshrined in Article 398 paragraph 4 of the EU VAT Directive.

Value added tax (VAT), EU VAT law, EU VAT Committee, soft law, legitimacy, rule of law, interpretation of law, SME scheme, Amending Directive (EU) 2020/285
Article: Digital Services Tax: Analytical View of Challenges and Successes in Kenya and the United Kingdom
Authors: Mponwana Kgomotso , Ndlovu Jane
Published: April 2024

The rapid expansion of digital services is dramatically reshaping the panorama of global taxation. This transformation is notably impacting multinational enterprises (MNEs) that operate in countries where they lack a physical presence. In this study, the authors focus the attention on the implications of digital services offered by these non-resident MNEs operating in the Republic of Kenya and the United Kingdom and representing developing and developed economies, respectively.

The article delves into how the burgeoning digital economy challenges international tax laws by scrutinizing the implementation of the digital service tax (24DST) and highlighting the weaknesses of the two-pillar plan in comprehensively addressing the digitalization of the economy. It also broadens the comprehension of the unique obstacles and potential opportunities inherent in the digital economy from an international taxation perspective.

The significance of this research lies in its potential to inform tax policy in an increasingly digitalized global economy. Policymakers can develop strategies that are more effective in ensuring fair taxation practices by understanding the nuanced interactions between digital services and international tax regulations. Additionally, MNEs can use this research to better navigate the complex tax implications of their digital services in various economic contexts and thereby foster sustainable and ethical business practices.

Digital economy, digital service tax (DST), Kenya, multinational enterprises (MNEs), organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD), pillar one and pillar two, taxation, tax base, unilateral tax measure, United Kingdom (UK).
The Recent Development On The Discipline Of Services Domestic Regulation And The Debate On The Necessity Test: From The Perspective Of The CPTPP, RCEP, And SDR Reference Paper
Authors: Yan Yuhong
Published: April 2024

The discipline of services domestic regulation (“SDR discipline”), with a view to ensuring progressive liberalization of trade in services while also respecting the national regulatory prerogatives at the same time, addresses issues concerning the formulation, publication, and administration of SDR, and the authorization for the supply of a service. In addition to Article VI General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), an increasing number of international trade agreements has developed the SDR discipline with GATS-plus or GATS-extra characteristics, which helps enhance the transparency and regulatory quality of SDR, promote trade facilitation and increase the predictability and efficiency of authorization procedures for the services providers hoping to do business in foreign markets. This paper investigates the negotiating history of the SDR discipline at the multilateral, plurilateral, and regional levels, explores the evolving trends of the SDR discipline from the perspective of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP), and the Reference Paper on SDR, and addresses the debate on the necessity test surrounding the SDR discipline negotiation.

services domestic regulation, necessity test, transparency, trade facilitation, predictability of authorization, gender equality
The Context Of Text: Harmonizing Multilingual Texts Of The WTO
Authors: Meena Rishabha , Rao Advaith
Published: April 2024

Legal traditions of international institutions reflect how language shapes the interaction of individuals from various legal disciplines. Institutions like the European Union (EU), United Nations (UN) and World Trade Organization (WTO) cater to multilingualism by publishing different linguistic versions of their texts. These organizations have their own divisions to promote multilingualism – it is the General Assembly and Conference Management for the UN; the Directorate-General for Translation (DGT) in the EU; and the Language and Documentation Services Division (LDSD) for the WTO. In the context of the WTO, coordination among different language groups in drafting WTO documents appears to be lacking.

In addition to creating hurdles in substantive law, issues of multilingualism at the WTO also affect the procedural aspects of the dispute. This may have implications on third-party rights, selection of panellists, and timely resolution of disputes, thereby influencing a party’s strategy in a dispute. Against this background, the authors explore the issue of multilingualism at the WTO vis-à-vis the UN and EU by adopting a comparative research methodology. The Article provides recommendations in the form of best practices for improvements at the WTO in the context of multilingualism.

WTO, multilingualism, VCLT, translation, DSU, European Union, United Nations, Spanish, French, language
From Confrontation To Coexistence: An Appeal Opt-Out Arrangement As An Inclusive Approach To Revive The WTO Dispute Settlement System?
Authors: Ji Wenhua
Published: April 2024

Resolving the crisis in the dispute settlement system is a priority issue for the reform of the World Trade Organization (WTO), and Members have made sustained efforts in this regard. Since the Twelfth Ministerial Conference (MC12), discussions on the dispute settlement system have entered a new phase, focusing on facilitator-organized meetings and proposals from Members. The reform negotiations have made some progress, but still face a number of significant challenges, in particular with regard to the appellate procedures. It is highly uncertain whether a comprehensive solution can be reached by 2024 as mandated by the MC12. Taking into account the different positions of Members and the imminent approach of the Thirteenth Ministerial Conference (MC13), this paper recommends that Members show more pragmatism and flexibility, puts forward a compromise proposal to establish a multilateral arrangement that would allow Members to opt out of the appellate review process under the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes ( DSU), and argues that this could be conducive to restoring a fully and well-functioning dispute settlement system.

WTO, Appellate Body Crisis, Dispute Settlement Reform, Opt-out Arrangement
The Justification of Urdu Letters with Similar Sounds and Diacritics
Authors: Sattar Malik Dr. Abdul
Published: April 2024

Urdu script is derived from the Arabic script but Urdu differs from Arabic in its nature and unlike Arabic some sounds are pronounced like each other. Due to that some experts object to Urdu script and suggest the removal of letters with similar sounds. But the removal of these letters can create many complexities and difficulties which cannot be resolved. These eight specific sounds of Urdu are common to Pakistani languages ​​such as Punjabi, Sindhi, Pashto, Balochi, Kashmiri, and other local languages. How is it possible to exclude these words from all these languages? These sounds are the valuable capital of world languages ​​like Persian and Arabic. With this collaboration, Urdu emerges as a great global and scientific language. By removing these letters, Urdu will suffer a great loss in terms of knowledge. There will be an encounter, which cannot be compensated. In short, this change is not feasible in context with Urdu historical background and present linguistic geographical condition. The Urdu script is non- diacritical in its nature and diacritics in Urdu are not arranged in the same way as in Arabic. However, it is necessary to organize the essential diacritics in the basic textbooks. This article argues and analyses the justification of Urdu letters with similar sounds and diacritics in detail.
Study on Sustainable Development Model of Community Renewal based on the Green Development Model
Authors: Zhao Minting , Ge Teng , Chen Dan
Published: April 2024

The community is an important part of the city. With the city's development, it is faced with the problem of renewal and reconstruction of the old community. It is necessary to explore the sustainable development of the community. In this paper, evaluation and analysis of the coordinated development of the ecological environment and economy of the community are studied. The indicators were selected appropriately to reflect the SE and EE development status comprehensively. The results show that Nanjing, Wuhan and Xi'an take the top spot in terms of CCD, meaning it has the most harmonious relationship between the social-economic subsystem and eco-environment subsystem; Xi'an has the highest SE value, while Lianyungang has the lowest evaluation result. Nanjing has the highest EE value, indicating it has the best eco-environment development, while Suqian has the worst. This study provides a scientific basis and effective measures for sustainable development in China.
CLARICE LISPECTOR E O CAMPO LITERÁRIO NO RECIFE
Authors: Santana Maíra Honorato Marques de
Published: April 2024

Este artigo procura demonstrar a importância do conceito de campo literário de Pierre Bourdieu para compreender a trajetória da escritora Clarice Lispector, bem como conceitos caros à sociologia da cultura tais como ilusão e habitus. Neste sentido, observa-se a importância de destacar como o campo literário no Recife e o acúmulo de capitais institucionais, objetivados e incorporado culminaram em uma vasta obra e consagração no campo literário da autora. Analisar o espaço escolar, acesso a bibliotecas, conhecimento de outros idiomas faz parte de um conjunto de capitais que independem somente da vontade do escritor, a existência deste capital objetivado, através de teatros, boas escolas e dos hábitos de leitura tem relação com um conjunto de condições históricas e sociais, quando observamos a trajetória da família de Clarice Lispector bem como as questões emocionais e existências da mesma, importantes para a compreensão da tônica de sua obra.
A ATENÇÃO INTEGRAL EM SAÚDE JUNTO AOS INDÍGENAS
Authors: Lepesteur João David
Published: April 2024

De acordo com o Ministério da Saúde, a atenção integral à saúde indígena é composta por um conjunto de ações para a implementação da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) nos territórios indígenas, uma vez que em se tratando do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), o subsistema de atenção à saúde indígena (SASI) e a Política de Atenção à Saúde dos Povos Indígenas (PNASPI) foram criados como estratégia para garantir o acesso à saúde aos povos indígenas.  Tais ações visam promover a proteção, a promoção e a recuperação da saúde desses povos de maneira participativa e diferenciada, respeitando-se as especificidades epidemiológicas e socioculturais dos povos indígenas e articulando saberes no âmbito da atenção. O artigo em tela tem por objetivo evidenciar a forma pela qual a atenção integral em saúde é ofertada junto aos indígenas no Brasil e em Mato Grosso. A fim de atender ao objetivo proposto, realizamos uma pesquisa que, quanto à natureza, se caracteriza como pesquisa aplicada em ciências humanas, tendo em vista que busca contribuir para tentar solucionar um problema específico, no caso o atendimento médico em saúde junto aos indígenas. No que diz respeito à abordagem da pesquisa, para a concretização do objeto de estudo, utilizamos a metodologia qualitativa. Com relação aos objetivos da pesquisa, trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, que buscou analisar a forma pela qual se dá no Brasil e em Mato Grosso o atendimento junto à população indígena. O estudo evidencia que o cuidado ainda é centrado em práticas paliativas e emergenciais, geralmente baseado na remoção de pacientes, gerando altos custos. A superação desses desafios depende do fortalecimento da APS e de seu reconhecimento enquanto importante marco regulador do modelo organizacional da PNASPI.
The role of managerial competencies in fostering collaboration between higher education institutions and local communities
Authors: Sych Tetiana , Volodavchyk Viktoriia , Vasynova Nadiia , Ivanov Yevhen , Saienko Olga
Published: April 2024

Relevance. The relevance of the scientific work lies in the need to study the competencies of the heads of higher education institutions and territorial communities in Ukraine and the results of their relationships.

Purpose. The purpose of this research work is to identify the key competencies of senior officials of higher education institutions of Ukraine in 2023 and the results of their influence on the development of cooperation between higher education institutions and territorial communities.

Methodology. Theoretical and empirical research methods were used in the scientific work, namely description, analysis, systematization, generalization, the survey of employees of the structure of education and territorial community in the city of Poltava, as well as interviews.

Results. As a result of the scientific research, the necessary competencies of the manager were identified, which are a prerequisite for effective management of higher education institutions and territorial communities in Ukraine by the beginning of 2023. Also, the main characteristics of the leader’s personality and their influence on the establishment of interaction between territorial communities and institutions of higher education were determined in the research work. The main competencies of managers and necessary personal qualities are structured in this work.

Conclusions. The position of employees of the Taras Shevchenko Luhansk National University and members of the Poltava City Council, as representatives of the territorial community of the city of Poltava, was studied, with the help of a survey, regarding the presence of the necessary managerial competencies and personal qualities of the managers of the above-mentioned structures and their influence on the interaction between the structures. The results of research work can be used by scientists and researchers for further study of the main competencies of heads of higher education institutions and territorial communities in Ukraine.