bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Multidecadal Assessment of Mean and Extreme Wave Climate Observed at Buoys off the U.S. East, Gulf, and West Coasts
Authors: Jamous Mohammad , Marsooli Reza
Published: April 2023

The current understanding of wind-generated wave climate from buoy-based measurements is mainly focused on a limited number of locations and has not been updated to include measurements in the past decade. This study quantifies wave climate variability and change during the historical period of 1980–2020 through a comprehensive analysis of wave height measurements at 43 buoys off the U.S. Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf of Mexico Coasts. Variabilities and trends in the annual and monthly mean and 95th percentile significant wave heights (SWH) and the number of extreme wave events are quantified for the cold and warm seasons. We calculate the SWH long-term and decadal trends, and temporal variabilities using the ordinary least squares regression and coefficient of variation, respectively. Independent extreme wave events are identified using a method based on the peaks-over-threshold and the autocorrelation function, which accounts for the geographical variation in the timespan between independent extreme events. Results show that the warm season’s interannual variabilities in monthly and annual SWH are smaller in the Pacific while larger in the Atlantic and Gulf, with the largest variabilities observed at buoys in the Gulf and lower latitudes of the Atlantic. Strong significant alternating decadal trends in SWH are found in the Pacific and Atlantic regions. Buoys in the Atlantic and Gulf regions have experienced higher numbers of extreme wave events (anomalies) compared to the Pacific region. In general, the long-term trend in the number of extreme events during the cold season is positive at buoys located at higher latitudes but negative at lower latitudes.
Near-Bottom Magnetic Anomaly Features and Detachment Fault Morphology in Tianxiu Vent Field, Carlsberg Ridge, Northwest Indian Ocean
Authors: Du Shuang , Wu Zhaocai , Han Xiqiu , Wang Yejian , Li Honglin , Zhang Jialing
Published: April 2023

As a product of hydrothermal mineralization at spreading centers, seafloor massive sulfides (SMS) have become a research hotspot in the field of prospecting and exploring deep-sea mineral resources owing to their enrichment of various strategic metals. Since hydrothermal circulation changes the magnetic properties of host rocks and can generate magnetic anomalies, near-bottom magnetic surveying is an effective method to determine magnetic anomaly features of the seafloor. This technology has been applied to the detection of SMS deposits, in addition to its use in understanding hydrothermal fluid flow conduits and associated hydrothermal alterations. The Tianxiu Vent Field (TVF) is a detachment-fault-controlled, ultramafic-associated hydrothermal system located on the Carlsberg Ridge, Northwest Indian Ocean. During China’s DY57th cruise in 2019, near-bottom magnetic data were collected by an autonomous underwater vehicle. In this paper, we use bathymetric and magnetic data, as well as rock sampling information, to analyze and discuss the magnetic anomaly features of the TVF region. Then, we apply 2.5D magnetic anomaly profile forward modeling to determine the shallow magnetic structure and the pattern of detachment faults in the subsurface. Our results show that TVF is characterized by a significant positive magnetic anomaly, where stronger magnetization exists in the area with active hydrothermal vent clusters. The detachment fault has a dip of less than 30° at shallow depths, which steepens to a dip of ~70° at depths of around 300 m.
Integrated Underwater Detection and Communication System Based on P4 Code-Modulated OFDM Signal
Authors: Feng Xinglong , Zhao Zhenyi , Zhang Yuzhong , Hu Qiao
Published: April 2023

Because of the requirements of marine resources exploration and underwater cooperative operation, the underwater operation of common detection and communication equipment is difficult and unreliable. Therefore, it is urgent to establish an accurate underwater target detection and multi-node communication integrated system. An integrated method of underwater electric field detection and communication based on P4 code-modulated OFDM signal is proposed in response to the above requirements. The working principle, system structure, and signal processing of underwater electric field detection and electric field communication are similar. This article uses detection signal P4 code to modulate the phase of OFDM communication signal, thus realizing the integration of Underwater Detection and Communication System (IUDCS). The simulation results show that IUDCS can meet the detection range and velocity characteristics of underwater dynamic targets. The simulation results also meet the requirements for communication error rate and symbol error rate, thereby verifying the performance of underwater electric field IUDCS. This method is necessary for the realization of IUDCS in terms of reducing platform size, reducing power consumption, and enhancing concealment. Moreover, it shows good application prospects in underwater robot cluster operations.
Numerical Analysis of Propeller Wake Evolution under Different Advance Coefficients
Authors: Yu Duo , Zhao Yu , Li Mei , Liu Haitian , Yang Suoxian , Wang Liang
Published: April 2023

Propeller wake fields in an open-water configuration were compared between two loading circumstances using large-eddy simulation (LES) with a computational domain of 48 million grids and an overset mesh technique. To validate the results of the numerical simulation, available experimental data are compared, which indicates that the grid systems are suitable for the present study. The results indicate that the present LES simulations describe the inertial frequency range well for both high and low-loading conditions. Under high-loading conditions, the interlaced spirals and secondary vortices that connect adjacent tip vortices amplify the effects of mutual inductance, ultimately triggering the breakdown of the propeller wake systems. At a great distance from the propeller, the vortex system loses all coherence and turns into a collection of smaller vortices that are equally scattered across the wake. In contrast, under light-loading conditions, the wake vortex system exhibits strong coherence and has a relatively simple topology. The elliptic instability and pairing processes are only observed at a far distance from the propeller. The convection velocity transferring tip vortices downstream is larger under the light-loading condition, which leads to the larger pitch of the helicoidal vortices. The larger pitch weakens the mutual inductance or interaction effects among tip vortices, which delays the instability behaviors of the whole vortex system. The results and implications of this study serve as a guide for the development and improvement of next-generation propellers that function optimally when operating behind aquaculture vessels.
A Methodology to Design a Wind Transfer Function: Application to the Valdevaqueros Dune (SW Spain)
Authors: Martinez-Garcia Felix P. , Muñoz-Perez Juan J. , Contreras-de-Villar Antonio , Contreras Francisco , Jigena-Antelo Bismarck
Published: April 2023

In general, weather forecasting has been significantly developed at a large scale and, joined with statistical techniques, is used to predict at a local scale. However, there is no way to propagate winds between two nearby locations; this is a spatial transference, for example, for the waves. After studying coastal dunar systems affected by winds, we have proposed a way for the spatial propagation of wind for scales under 10 km. The proposed transference is based on local data, and it is developed in an easy and accurate way by different regression methods and the wind profile theory. The aim of this article is to establish a methodology for achieving a wind transfer function for local applications. For this purpose, we analyzed and compared data from a field experiment and from a nearby weather station. A combination of the wind profile and statistical downscaling technique formed the basis of this research, which leads to transfer equations for wind speeds and directions. To clarify the procedure, the proposed methodology was applied to the Valdevaqueros Coastal Dune in order to develop a transfer function using time series data from a nearby meteorological station located in Tarifa.
Consolidation of Gold and Gadolinium Nanoparticles: An Extra Step towards Improving Cancer Imaging and Therapy
Authors: Kouri Maria Anthi , Polychronidou Konstantina , Loukas Grigorios , Megapanou Aikaterini , Vagena Ioanna-Aglaia , Gerardos Angelica M. , Spyratou Ellas , Eftsathopoulos Eftstathios P.
Published: April 2023

The multifactorial nature of cancer still classifies the disease as one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Modern medical sciences are following an interdisciplinary approach that has been fueled by the nanoscale revolution of the past years. The exploitation of high-Z materials, in combination with ionizing or non-ionizing radiation, promises to overcome restrictions in medical imaging and to augment the efficacy of current therapeutic modalities. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have proven their value among the scientific community in various therapeutic and diagnostic techniques. However, the high level of multiparametric demands of AuNP experiments in combination with their biocompatibility and cytotoxicity levels remain crucial issues. Gadolinium NPs (GdNPs), have presented high biocompatibility, low cytotoxicity, and excellent hemocompatibility, and have been utilized in MRI-guided radiotherapy, photodynamic and photothermal therapy, etc. Τhe utilization of gadolinium bound to AuNPs may be a promising alternative that would reduce phenomena, such as toxicity, aggregation, etc., and could create a multimodal in vivo contrast and therapeutic agent. This review highlights multi-functionalization strategies against cancer where gold and gadolinium NPs are implicated. Their experimental applications and limitations of the past 5 years will be analyzed in the hope of enlightening the benefits and drawbacks of their proper combination.
Fungal Diversity and Community Composition across Ecosystems
Authors: Debeljak Pavla , Baltar Federico
Published: April 2023

Fungi have shaped the biosphere since the development of life on Earth. Despite fungi being present in all environments, most of the available fungal research has focused on soils. As a result, the role and composition of fungal communities in aquatic (marine and freshwater) environments remain largely unexplored. The use of different primers to characterise fungal communities has additionally complicated intercomparisons among studies. Consequently, we lack a basic global assessment of fungal diversity across major ecosystems. Here, we took advantage of a recently published 18S rRNA dataset comprising samples from major ecosystems (terrestrial, freshwater, and marine) to attempt a global assessment of fungal diversity and community composition. We found the highest fungal diversities for terrestrial > freshwater > marine environments, and pronounced gradients of fungal diversity along temperature, salinity, and latitude in all ecosystems. We also identified the most abundant taxa in each of these ecosystems, mostly dominated by Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, except in freshwater rivers where Chytridiomycota dominated. Collectively, our analysis provides a global analysis of fungal diversity across all major environmental ecosystems, highlighting the most distinct order and ASVs (amplicon sequencing variants) by ecosystem, and thus filling a critical gap in the study of the Earth’s mycobiome.
Metabolic Engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for Efficient Retinol Synthesis
Authors: Wang Xuan , Xu Xianhao , Liu Jiaheng , Liu Yanfeng , Li Jianghua , Du Guocheng , Lv Xueqin , Liu Long
Published: April 2023

Retinol, the main active form of vitamin A, plays a role in maintaining vision, immune function, growth, and development. It also inhibits tumor growth and alleviates anemia. Here, we developed a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain capable of high retinol production. Firstly, the de novo synthesis pathway of retinol was constructed in S. cerevisiae to realize the production of retinol. Second, through modular optimization of the metabolic network of retinol, the retinol titer was increased from 3.6 to 153.6 mg/L. Then, we used transporter engineering to regulate and promote the accumulation of the intracellular precursor retinal to improve retinol production. Subsequently, we screened and semi-rationally designed the key enzyme retinol dehydrogenase to further increase the retinol titer to 387.4 mg/L. Lastly, we performed two-phase extraction fermentation using olive oil to obtain a final shaking flask retinol titer of 1.2 g/L, the highest titer reported at the shake flask level. This study laid the foundation for the industrial production of retinol.
Equity Returns and the Output Shocks in a Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium Framework
Authors: Adrangi Bahram , D’Amico Juan Nicolás
Published: April 2023

We conducted a study analyzing the impact of productivity shocks on equity returns in the U.S. economy from Q1 1960 to Q1 2022 using an RBC DSGE model. Our results suggest that while initial productivity shocks lead to higher equity returns, this effect fades within eight quarters. Nonetheless, such shocks can still provide valuable signals for investors to strategically allocate their investments in sectors that may benefit the most. Our study also found that the responses of key macroeconomic variables, including real GDP, are consistent with those observed in other calibration based DSGE models of the U.S. in previous research.
Empowering Digital Marketing with Interactive Virtual Reality (IVR) in Interior Design: Effects on Customer Satisfaction and Behaviour Intention
Authors: Tang Yuk Ming , Lau Yui-yip , Ho Uen Lam
Published: April 2023

Interior design industries have evolved to adopt advanced digital and interactive virtual reality (IVR) technologies for promotion. Marketing using a platform with a virtual interior design feature is an approach that enables not only the building up of a positive image for an interior design firm but also allows customers to experience home design intuitively on the digital platform. This study researched the relationship between the three factors of aesthetics, ease of use, and information quality in digital marketing and consumer satisfaction. Data from 120 respondents were collected via the internet. The results generated from structural equation modelling indicated that the above factors positively influence customer satisfaction with a digital platform empowered with the IVR interior design. It was found that information quality has the most influence among the three factors. Despite numerous scholars having conducted in-depth research on digital marketing, existing research lacks a consumer perspective for examining what factors have the most significant impact on consumers. Moreover, relatively little work has been conducted to determine the customer’s perceptions towards the digital marketing approach using virtual interior design and its interactive features. A theoretical model for interactive virtual interior design features for digital marketing is thus proposed.
The Impact of Government Support and Social Networks on Peasants’ Effective Participation in High-Standard Farmland Construction: Evidence from Yancheng City, China
Authors: Zheng Huawei , Lou Kunyu , Yang Yuanyuan , Wang Han , Lu Yong
Published: April 2023

The effective participation of peasants can raise the quality of high-standard farmland construction (HSFC) in China. How to avoid inefficient participation is an urgent issue that needs to be solved in the field of HSFC. However, the factors that influence peasants’ effective participation in the HSFC remains to be further studied. This study used factor analysis and a comprehensive evaluation method to calculate social networks and the level of peasants’ effective participation in HSFC based on a survey dataset of 347 peasants in Yancheng City, China. The influence of information support, incentive support, constraint support, network interaction, network trust, and network norms on the level of peasants’ effective participation in HSFC was analyzed using an ordered logistic model. The results of the study indicate that: (1) The overall level of peasants’ effective participation in the HSFC is at a “medium” level, and the level of peasants’ effective participation needs to be further raised. (2) Government support considerably influences peasants’ effective participation in HSFC. Information support, incentive support, and constraint support significantly impact peasants’ effective participation in HSFC. (3) Social networks possess a significant positive impact on the level of peasants’ effective participation in HSFC, with the core variables contributing to peasants’ effective participation in the order of network interaction, network trust, and network norms. (4) Peasants’ cognition significantly impacts peasants’ effective participation in HSFC. Therefore, to enhance the level of peasants’ effective participation in HSFC, it is suggested to further improve government information support, incentive support, and constraint support; strengthen network interaction, enhance network trust, improve network norms, and effectively play the role of social networks; and to strengthen peasants’ education and training.
Study on the Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Poverty Inducements of Poverty-Stricken Villages in Henan Province
Authors: Zhang Xianping , Yu Lu , Xu Xiang
Published: April 2023

With the advancement of “targeted poverty alleviation”, the main problems we face at this stage are analyzing the causes of poverty and preventing poverty-stricken villages from falling back into poverty. Using the last batch of poverty-stricken villages that have been lifted out of poverty, which were announced by the Henan Provincial poverty alleviation and development office, as the research object, this research discusses the spatial distribution characteristics of 835 poverty-stricken villages in Henan Province from the perspective of the macro province by combining kernel density analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis, analyzes their influencing factors using the least squares linear regression model, and performs a quantitative analysis of their influencing factors. The results revealed the following: (1) The spatial distribution characteristics of poverty-stricken villages in Henan Province are characterized by significant agglomeration. A banded high-density area is formed in the east of Henan Province, with a sub-density area in the west of Henan Province, and it radiates outward with the “dikaryon” as its center. (2) High-density and sub-density areas of poverty-stricken villages are mainly located in flat areas, with spatial dependence on each other. The high-high clustering areas are mainly areas dominated by agricultural economies. The low-low clustering areas mainly have limited agricultural development and rapid urban–rural integration. (3) Geographical locations and socio-economic and basic public services are the main factors affecting poverty in poverty-stricken villages. At the same time, environmental livability is an advantageous condition in areas where poverty-stricken villages are located, of which the Temperature Humidity Index factor is most closely related to the distribution density of poverty-stricken areas. The research results are intended to provide information for the policies and program intervention strategies for poverty reduction and sustainable development in poverty-stricken villages in Henan Province, and this is conducive to consolidating the results of targeted poverty alleviation and preventing a return to poverty.
Optimizing Urban Stock Space through District Boundary Reorganization: Hangzhou’s Administrative Adjustment
Authors: Chao Fei , You Chen , Jin Wen
Published: April 2023

Since China is the largest developing country in the world, its urban reconstruction has significance for countries undergoing rapid urbanization. The recent development of its central cities has gradually changed from large-scale incremental expansion to stock optimization. District boundary reorganization has become a new trend in reforming China’s administrative division of central cities. From the perspective of scalar reorganization and regional reconstruction, the adjustment of urban administrative divisions can be regarded as a regional construction strategy initiated by city governments to reshape the spatial structure, improve the governance relationship, and enhance the cities’ competitiveness. This study takes Hangzhou, an important central city in eastern China, as a case study to illustrate two ways in which a central city can optimize its urban spaces through district boundary recombination: scale recombination and regional recombination. The findings demonstrate two advantages of district boundary reorganization for China’s central cities: it eases the integration of new city districts and urban areas and promotes balanced development within the city. In the future, more Chinese cities will likely choose to reorganize their district boundaries.
Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography: Beyond Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Tonet Elisabetta , Boccadoro Alberto , Micillo Marco , Cocco Marta , Cossu Alberto , Pompei Graziella , Giganti Melchiore , Campo Gianluca
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) has a role of paramount importance in the diagnostic algorithm of ischemic heart disease (IHD), both in stable coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute chest pain. Alongside the quantification of obstructive coronary artery disease, the recent technologic developments in CCTA provide additional relevant information that can be considered as “novel markers” for risk stratification in different settings, including ischemic heart disease, atrial fibrillation, and myocardial inflammation. These markers include: (i) epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), associated with plaque development and the occurrence of arrhythmias; (ii) late iodine enhancement (LIE), which allows the identification of myocardial fibrosis; and (iii) plaque characterization, which provides data about plaque vulnerability. In the precision medicine era, these emerging markers should be integrated into CCTA evaluation to allow for the bespoke interventional and pharmacological management of each patient.
A Numerical Procedure for Shakedown Analysis of Thick Cylindrical Vessels with Crossholes under Dual Cyclic Loadings
Authors: Chen Yangxi , Jin Xin , Guo Yan , Zhao Jian , Guo Sujuan
Published: April 2023

A modified numerical procedure for the shakedown analysis of structures under dual cyclic loadings, based on the Abdalla method, is proposed in this paper. Based on the proposed numerical procedure, the shakedown analysis of the thick cylindrical vessels with crossholes (TCVCs) under cyclic internal pressure and cyclic thermal loading was carried out. The effects of material parameters (elastic modulus and thermal expansion coefficient) and crosshole radius on the elastic shakedown limit of TCVCs are discussed and, finally, normalized and formularized. Furthermore, the obtained shakedown limit boundary formulation is compared with FEA results and is verified to evaluate the shakedown behavior of TCVCs under cyclic internal pressure and cyclic thermal loading.
Modeling the Tensile Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites: A Review
Authors: Ribeiro Paula de Oliveira , Krahl Pablo Augusto , Carrazedo Ricardo , Bernardo Luís Filipe Almeida
Published: April 2023

Strain-Hardening Cement-Based Composites (SHCCs) exhibit high toughness and durability, allowing the design of resilient structures. Despite the exceptional properties of SHCC and the current modeling techniques, the widespread use of the composite is limited. One limiting factor is developing and validating analytical models that could be used for optimizing mixes and designing structural elements. Furthermore, the composite mechanical response is complex and depends on several phenomena, such as fiber pullout, fiber orientation and distribution, size effect, fiber content, group effect, embedding length, fiber dimensions, and matrix strength. In this context, this research presents the state-of-the-art on the micro- and mesomechanisms occurring in SHCC during cracking and robust techniques to predict its tensile behavior accounting for such phenomena already proved experimentally. The study is relevant for designers and the scientific community because it presents the gaps for the research groups to develop new investigations for consolidating SHCC, which is a material to produce resilient structures.
Exploring Pyrrolo-Phenanthrolines as Semiconductors for Potential Implementation in Organic Electronics
Authors: Doroftei Corneliu , Leontie Liviu , Danac Ramona , Matarneh Cristina-Maria Al , Carlescu Aurelian
Published: April 2023

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of new organic semiconductors based on pyrrolo[1,2-i][1,7]phenanthrolines in the form of thin layers. The thin layers, produced via the spin coating method (with a thickness of 10–11 μm), were investigated for their electrical and optical properties. After heat treatment at temperatures ranging from 210 to 240 °C, the layers displayed consistent and reproducible properties. The layers exhibited n-type semiconductor behavior, with a thermal activation energy (Ea) in the range of 0.75–0.78 eV. Additionally, the layers showed transmittance values of 84–92% in the visible and near-infrared spectral ranges, with a direct optical band gap (Egod) ranging from 3.13 to 4.11 eV. These thin layers have potential applications in electronic devices such as thermistors, as well as in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics. Overall, these new organic semiconductors show promising properties for practical implementation in various electronic applications.
Structural and Scintillation Properties of Ce3+:Gd3Al3Ga2O12 Translucent Ceramics Prepared by One-Step Sintering
Authors: You Qi , Lin Hui , Hong Ruijin , Han Zhaoxia , Zhang Dawei , Ding Yuchong
Published: April 2023

Cerium-doped gadolinium aluminum gallium garnet (Ce3+:Gd3Al3Ga2O12, Ce3+:GAGG) ceramic is a promising scintillation material. In this study, Ce3+:Gd3Al3Ga2O12 scintillation ceramics were prepared by the one-step sintering of commercially available Gd2O3, Al2O3, Ga2O3, and CeO2 powders in a flowing oxygen atmosphere at 1600 °C by solid-phase reaction sintering. For all the Ce3+:Gd3Al3Ga2O12 ceramic samples doped with different amounts of Ce3+ doping, dense ceramics were obtained. The structure, photoluminescence, and scintillation properties of the Ce3+:Gd3Al3Ga2O12 ceramics have been investigated. The average grain size of samples sintered at 1600 °C is about 2 μm. The X-ray excitation luminescence peak is around 560 nm, which is consistent with that of Ce3+:Gd3Al3Ga2O12 single crystals, matching well with the computed tomography X-ray detector’s response sensitivity. The light yield is higher compared to the standard reference sample—lutetium yttrium orthosilicate single crystal.
Complete Generalization of the Equations for the Stress–Strain Curves of Concrete under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Domínguez-Cartes Vanesa , Ramos-Cabeza Daniel , de la Torre María Luisa , Salguero-Andújar Francisco
Published: April 2023

The existence of more than thirty stress–strain equations, including those proposed by the government regulations in many countries, seems to indicate that additional, unifying, and at the same time generalizing research is necessary for this subject. Many expressions can be found to set or determine the initial modulus of elasticity of concrete, i.e., the modulus of elasticity of concrete when no load has been applied to it. This work proposes a complete generalization of the equations based on scalar damage models, applicable to all types of concrete tested under uniaxial compression with any constant rate of stress or strain, although in no case can it be considered a constitutive model. We prefer to discuss an equation that models the shape of the stress–strain curve. Thus, the shape of this curve is studied here in the same way a forensic scientist would, which is why we could see this work as an autopsy carried out on the test specimen through the trace left in the plane σ-ε by the straining process up until its inevitable outcome. That is to say, we believe in a purely phenomenological approach. The results are compared with the data obtained experimentally by analyzing test specimens made using various mixed portions of cement, water, and aggregates.
Active Fault Diagnosis and Control of a Morphing Multirotor Subject to a Stuck Arm
Authors: Baldini Alessandro , Felicetti Riccardo , Freddi Alessandro , Monteriù Andrea
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we propose a fault tolerant control law for a morphing quadrotor, where the considered morphing ability is that of extendable/telescopic arms. This quite recent class of systems is able to provide a good trade-off between payload capabilities, maneuverability, and space occupancy. However, such degrees of freedom require dedicated servomotors, which in turn implies more possible faults. Thus, the problem of diagnosis for the telescopic servo motors subject to a stuck fault is considered. System symmetries are exploited and used in a residual generator design, which triggers an active fault isolation/identification phase. External disturbances are also taken into account and estimated through a nonlinear disturbance observer. A classical double-loop controller closes the loop, providing an overall control system structure that follows the disturbance observer-based control paradigm. The control scheme is validated through realistic numerical simulations, and the closed-loop performances are analyzed.
Spin-Topological Electronic Valve in Ni/hBN–Graphene–hBN/Ni Magnetic Junction
Authors: Wicaksono Yusuf , Harfah Halimah , Sunnardianto Gagus Ketut , Majidi Muhammad Aziz , Kusakabe Koichi
Published: April 2023

A spin-topological electronic valve was discovered in a Ni/hBN–graphene–hBN/Ni magnetic junction to control the in-plane conductance of graphene. By manipulating the mass-gapped Dirac cone (MGDC) of graphene’s topology using the magnetic proximity effect, the spin-topological electronic valve was made possible. The first-principles investigation was conducted to show how the mechanism of graphene’s MGDC is controlled. Twelve stacking configurations for the anti-parallel configuration (APC) and parallel configuration (PC) of the magnetic alignment of Ni slabs were calculated using spin-polarized density functional theory. Three groups can be made based on the relative total energy of the 12 stacking configurations, which corresponds to a van der Waals interaction between hBN and graphene. Each group exhibits distinctive features of graphene’s MGDC. The configuration of the Ni(111) surface state’s interaction with graphene as an evanescent wave significantly impacts how the MGDC behaves. By utilizing the special properties of graphene’s MGDC, which depend on the stacking configuration, a controllable MGDC using mechanical motion was proposed by suggesting a device that can translate the top and bottom Ni(111)/hBN slabs. By changing the stacking configuration from Group I to II and II to III, three different in-plane conductances of graphene were observed, corresponding to three non-volatile memory states. This device provides insight into MJs having three or more non-volatile memory states that cannot be found in conventional MJs.
Effect of Co-Doping on the Magnetic Ground State of the Heavy-Fermion System CeCu2Ge2 Studied by Neutron Diffraction
Authors: Tripathi Rajesh , Khalyavin Dmitry , Sharma Shivani , Adroja Devashibhai Thakarshibhai , Hossain Zakir
Published: April 2023

The antiferromagnetic phase transition of the heavy-fermion system Ce(Cu1−xCox)2Ge2 for x = 0.05 and 0.2, showing up in specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, and muon spin relaxation (μSR) data, has been further investigated. The neutron diffraction (ND) results show that Co-doping drastically reduces the moment size of Ce, without a qualitative change in the magnetic structure of the undoped compound CeCu2Ge2. An incommensurate magnetic propagation vector k = (0.2852, 0.2852, 0.4495) with a cycloidal magnetic structure with a Ce moment of 0.55 μB in the ab-plane has been observed for x = 0.05. Although for x = 0.2 the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility data reflect a phase transition with a broad peak and the muon relaxation rate shows a sharp peak at T = 0.9 K, our ND data dismiss the possibility of a long-range magnetic ordering down to 50 mK. The ND data, along with previously reported results for x = 0.2, are interpreted in terms of the reduced ordered state magnetic moments of the Ce3+ ion by Kondo screening and the presence of dynamical short-range magnetic correlations.
Novel Parametric Families of with and without Memory Iterative Methods for Multiple Roots of Nonlinear Equations
Authors: Thangkhenpau G , Panday Sunil , Mittal Shubham Kumar , Jäntschi Lorentz
Published: April 2023

The methods that use memory using accelerating parameters for computing multiple roots are almost non-existent in the literature. Furthermore, the only paper available in this direction showed an increase in the order of convergence of 0.5 from the without memory to the with memory extension. In this paper, we introduce a new fifth-order without memory method, which we subsequently extend to two higher-order with memory methods using a self-accelerating parameter. The proposed with memory methods extension demonstrate a significant improvement in the order of convergence from 5 to 7, making this the first paper to achieve at least a 2-order improvement. In addition to this improvement, our paper is also the first to use Hermite interpolating polynomials to approximate the accelerating parameter in the proposed with memory methods for multiple roots. We also provide rigorous theoretical proofs of convergence theorems to establish the order of the proposed methods. Finally, we demonstrate the potential impact of the proposed methods through numerical experimentation on a diverse range of problems. Overall, we believe that our proposed methods have significant potential for various applications in science and engineering.
Numerical Solution of Fractional Models of Dispersion Contaminants in the Planetary Boundary Layer
Authors: Koleva Miglena N. , Vulkov Lubin G.
Published: April 2023

In this study, a numerical solution for degenerate space–time fractional advection–dispersion equations is proposed to simulate atmospheric dispersion in vertically inhomogeneous planetary boundary layers. The fractional derivative exists in a Caputo sense. We establish the maximum principle and a priori estimates for the solutions. Then, we construct a positivity-preserving finite-difference scheme, using monotone discretization in space and L1 approximation on the non-uniform mesh for the time derivative. We use appropriate grading techniques for the time–space mesh in order to overcome the boundary degeneration and weak singularity of the solution at the initial time. The computational results are demonstrated on the Gaussian fractional model as well on the boundary layers defined by height-dependent wind flow and diffusitivity, especially for the Monin–Obukhov model.
Nonuniform Dependence of a Two-Component NOVIKOV System in Besov Spaces
Authors: Yu Shengqi , Liu Jie
Published: April 2023

Considered herein is the Cauchy problem of the two-component Novikov system. In the periodic case, we first constructed an approximate solution sequence that possesses the nonuniform dependence property; then, by applying the energy methods, we managed to prove that the difference between the approximate and actual solution is negligible, thus succeeding in proving the nonuniform dependence result in both supercritical Besov spaces Bp,rs(T)×Bp,rs(T) with s>max{32,1+1p},1≤p≤∞,1≤r<∞ and critical Besov space B2,132(T)×B2,132(T). In the non-periodic case, we constructed two sequences of initial data with high and low-frequency terms by analyzing the inner structure of the system under investigation in detail, and we proved that the distance between the two corresponding solution sequences is lower-bounded by time t, but converges to zero at initial time. This implies that the solution map is not uniformly continuous both in supercritical Besov spaces Bp,rs(R)×Bp,rs(R) with s>max{32,1+1p},1≤p≤∞,1≤r<∞ and critical Besov spaces Bp,11+1p(R)×Bp,11+1p(R) with 1≤p≤2. The proof of nonuniform dependence is based on approximate solutions and Littlewood–Paley decomposition theory. These approaches are widely applicable in the study of continuous properties for shallow water equations.
Computational Methods for Solving Higher-Order (1+1) Dimensional Mixed-Difference Integro-Differential Equations with Variable Coefficients
Authors: Mahdy Amr M. S. , Abdou Mohamed A. , Mohamed Doaa Sh.
Published: April 2023

The main purpose of this article is to present a new technique for solving (1+1) mixeddimensional difference integro-differential Equations (2D-MDeIDEs) in position and time with coefficients of variables under mixed conditions. The equations proposed for the solution represent a link between time and delay in position that has not been previously studied. Therefore, the authors used the technique of separation of variables to transform the 2D-MDeIDE into one-dimensional Fredholm difference integro-differential Equations (FDeIDEs), and then using the Bernoulli polynomial method (BPM), we obtained a system of linear algebraic equations (SLAE). The other aspect of the technique of separation of variables is explicitly obtaining the necessary and appropriate time function to obtain the best numerical results. Some numerical experiments are performed to show the simplicity and efficiency of the presented method, and all results are performed by Maple 18.
Proportional Itô–Doob Stochastic Fractional Order Systems
Authors: Ben Makhlouf Abdellatif , Mchiri Lassaad , Othman Hakeem A. , Rguigui Hafedh M. S. , Boulaaras Salah
Published: April 2023

In this article, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of proportional Itô–Doob stochastic fractional order systems (PIDSFOS) by using the Picard iteration method. The paper provides new results using the proportional fractional integral and stochastic calculus techniques. We have shown the convergence of the solution of the averaged PIDSFOS to that of the standard PIDSFOS in the context of the mean square and also in probability. One example is given to illustrate our results.
Differential Anti-Tumor Effects of IFN-Inducible Chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11 on a Mouse Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Line
Authors: Matsumoto Ari , Hiroi Miki , Mori Kazumasa , Yamamoto Nobuharu , Ohmori Yoshihiro
Published: April 2023

Chemokines are a group of cytokines involved in the mobilization of leukocytes, which play a role in host defense and a variety of pathological conditions, including cancer. Interferon (IFN)-inducible chemokines C-X-C motif ligand 9 (CXCL), CXCL10, and CXCL11 are anti-tumor chemokines; however, the differential anti-tumor effects of IFN-inducible chemokines are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of IFN-inducible chemokines by transferring chemokine expression vectors into a mouse squamous cell carcinoma cell line, SCCVII, to generate a cell line stably expressing chemokines and transplanted it into nude mice. The results showed that CXCL9- and CXCL11-expressing cells markedly inhibited tumor growth, whereas CXCL10-expressing cells did not inhibit growth. The NH2-terminal amino acid sequence of mouse CXCL10 contains a cleavage sequence by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), an enzyme that cleaves the peptide chain of chemokines. IHC staining indicated DPP4 expression in the stromal tissue, suggesting CXCL10 inactivation. These results suggest that the anti-tumor effects of IFN-inducible chemokines are affected by the expression of chemokine-cleaving enzymes in tumor tissues.
Biaxial Deformation Behavior of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy along RD and Diagonal Direction Degree between TD and ND
Authors: Mao Jiale , Fu Yuanjie , Cheng Yao , He Qiuju , Zhao Lingyu , Xin Yunchang , Chen Gang , Wu Peidong , Liu Qing
Published: April 2023

The multiaxial deformation behavior of magnesium alloys is an important factor in understanding the service performance of structures. In the present research, the deformation mechanism of a Mg AZ31 sheet under biaxial tension with various stress ratios (σRD:σ45) along the rolling direction (RD) and the diagonal direction (45° direction) between the normal direction (ND) and transverse direction (TD) was systematically studied for the first time using cruciform specimens. The impacts of the stress ratio, σRD:σ45, on the mechanical response, twinning behavior, texture and slip behavior were investigated. The results showed that the contribution of twinning to plastic deformation was limited and governed by the Schmid law. The activation of twinning induced a twin texture component with c-axes largely parallel to the 45° between ND and TD. The deformation induced by biaxial tension was accommodated mainly by prismatic and basal slips under the stress ratio of σRD:σ45=4:1, and the fraction of grains favoring basal slip increased with lower stress ratio along the RD. The characteristics of flow stress can be effectively explained by the relative activities of twinning and slip with stress ratio.
Improvement of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs Linearity Using Etched-Fin Gate Structure for Ka Band Applications
Authors: Lee Ming-Wen , Lin Yueh-Chin , Hsu Heng-Tung , Gamiz Francisco , Chang Edward-Yi
Published: April 2023

In this paper, AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with etched-fin gate structures fabricated to improve device linearity for Ka-band application are reported. Within the proposed study of planar, one-etched-fin, four-etched-fin, and nine-etched-fin devices, which have 50-μm, 25-μm, 10-μm, and 5-μm partial gate widths, respectively, the four-etched-fin gate AlGaN/GaN HEMT devices have demonstrated optimized device linearity with respect to the extrinsic transconductance (Gm) value, the output third order intercept point (OIP3), and the third-order intermodulation output power (IMD3) level. The IMD3 is improved by 7 dB at 30 GHz for the 4 × 50 μm HEMT device. The OIP3 is found to reach a maximum value of 36.43 dBm with the four-etched-fin device, which exhibits high potential for the advancement of wireless power amplifier components for Ka band applications.
Oil Biodegradation and Bioremediation in Cold Marine Environment
Authors: Truu Jaak
Published: April 2023

Petroleum hydrocarbons pose a substantial threat to marine ecosystems [...]
Clinical Characteristics and Associated Factors for Mortality in Patients with Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Ahn Jin Young , Ahn Sang Min , Kim Jung Ho , Jeong Su Jin , Ku Nam Su , Choi Jun Yong , Yeom Joon Sup , Song Je Eun
Published: April 2023

Background: Bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) significantly influences patient morbidity and mortality. We aimed to identify the characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors of mortality in adult patients with CRE bacteremia and elucidate the differences between carbapenemase-producing (CP)-CRE BSI and non-CP-CRE BSI. Methods: This retrospective study included 147 patients who developed CRE BSI between January 2016 and January 2019 at a large tertiary care hospital in South Korea. The patient demographic characteristics and clinical and microbiological data including the Enterobacteriaceae species and carbapenemase type were obtained and analyzed. Results: Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most commonly detected pathogen (80.3%), followed by Escherichia coli (15.0%). In total, 128 (87.1%) isolates were found to express carbapenemase, and most CP-CRE isolates harbored blaKPC. The 14-day and 30-day mortality rates for CRE BSI were 34.0% and 42.2%, respectively. Higher body mass index (odds ratio (OR), 1.123; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.012–1.246; p = 0.029), higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score (OR, 1.206; 95% CI, 1.073–1.356; p = 0.002), and previous antibiotic use (OR, 0.163; 95% CI, 0.028–0.933; p = 0.042) were independent risk factors for the 14-day mortality. A high SOFA score (OR, 1.208; 95% CI; 1.081–0.349; p = 0.001) was the only independent risk factor for 30-day mortality. Carbapenemase production and appropriate antibiotic treatment were not associated with high 14- or 30-day mortality rates. Conclusions: Mortality from CRE BSI was related to the severity of the infection rather than to carbapenemase production or antibiotic treatment, showing that efforts to prevent CRE acquisition rather than treatment following CRE BSI detection would be more effective at reducing mortality.
Gastroparesis: The Complex Interplay with Microbiota and the Role of Exogenous Infections in the Pathogenesis of the Disease
Authors: Mandarino Francesco Vito , Sinagra Emanuele , Barchi Alberto , Verga Maria Chiara , Brinch Daniele , Raimondo Dario , Danese Silvio
Published: April 2023

Gastroparesis (GP) is a disorder of gastric functions that is defined by objective delayed gastric emptying in the absence of mechanical obstruction. This disease is characterized by symptoms such as nausea, post-prandial fullness, and early satiety. GP significantly impacts patients’ quality of life and contributes to substantial healthcare expenses for families and society. However, the epidemiological burden of GP is difficult to evaluate, mainly due its significant overlap with functional dyspepsia (FD). GP and FD represent two similar diseases. The pathophysiology of both disorders involves abnormal gastric motility, visceral hypersensitivity, and mucosal inflammation. Moreover, both conditions share similar symptoms, such as epigastric pain, bloating, and early satiety. The latest evidence reveals that dysbiosis is directly or indirectly connected to gut–brain axis alterations, which are the basis of pathogenesis in both FD and GP. Furthermore, the role of microbiota in the development of gastroparesis was demonstrated by some clinical studies, which found that the use of probiotics is correlated with improvements in the gastric emptying time (GET). Infections (with viruses, bacteria, and protozoa) represent a proven etiology for GP but have not been sufficiently considered in current clinical practice. Previous viral infections can be found in about 20% of idiopathic GP cases. Moreover, delayed gastric emptying during systemic protozoal infections represents a huge concern for compromised patients, and few data exist on the topic. This comprehensive narrative review analyzes the relationship between microorganisms and GP. We explore, on the one hand, the correlation between gut microbiota dysbiosis and GP pathogenesis, including treatment implications, and, on the other hand, the association between exogenous infections and the etiology of the disease.