bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Autism Spectrum Disorders Stem Cell Resource at Children's Hospital of Orange County: Implications for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery
Authors: Brick David J. , Nethercott Hubert E. , Montesano Samantha , Banuelos Maria G. , Stover Alexander E. , Schutte Soleil Sun , O'Dowd Diane K. , Hagerman Randi J. , Ono Michele , Hessl David R. , Tassone Flora , Schwartz Philip H.
Published: October 2014

The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) comprise a set of neurodevelopmental disorders that are, at best, poorly understood but are the fastest growing developmental disorders in the United States. Because animal models of polygenic disorders such as the ASDs are difficult to validate, the derivation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by somatic cell reprogramming offers an alternative strategy for identifying the cellular mechanisms contributing to ASDs and the development of new treatment options. Access to statistically relevant numbers of ASD patient cell lines, however, is still a limiting factor for the field. We describe a new resource with more than 200 cell lines (fibroblasts, iPSC clones, neural stem cells, glia) from unaffected volunteers and patients with a wide range of clinical ASD diagnoses, including fragile X syndrome. We have shown that both normal and ASD-specific iPSCs can be differentiated toward a neural stem cell phenotype and terminally differentiated into action-potential firing neurons and glia. The ability to evaluate and compare data from a number of different cell lines will facilitate greater insight into the cause or causes and biology of the ASDs and will be extremely useful for uncovering new therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Some drug treatments have already shown promise in reversing the neurobiological abnormalities in iPSC-based models of ASD-associated diseases. The ASD Stem Cell Resource at the Children's Hospital of Orange County will continue expanding its collection and make all lines available on request with the goal of advancing the use of ASD patient cells as disease models by the scientific community.
Clinical Implication of Allogenic Implantation of Adipogenic Differentiated Adipose-Derived Stem Cells
Authors: Kim Inok , Bang Sa Ik , Lee Sung Koo , Park Soo Young , Kim Mihyung , Ha Hunjoo
Published: October 2014

We recently reported that autologous adipogenic differentiated adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) can potentially be used as an effective and safe therapy for soft-tissue regeneration. In the present study, we investigated whether adipogenic differentiated ASCs can be used for allogenic applications to enlarge their therapeutic use. The allogenic immune response of adipogenic differentiated ASCs was investigated by flow cytometry and mixed lymphocyte culture. To determine whether adipogenic differentiated ASCs can form new adipose tissue without immune rejection, these cells were implanted subcutaneously into allo- or xenogenic recipient mice. In addition, the safety of the allogenic implantation of adipogenic differentiated ASCs was explored in a phase I clinical study. Adipogenic differentiated ASCs do not express major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules and costimulatory molecules, and the expression levels of MHC class I decreased after differentiation. In addition, these cells do not elicit an immune response against MHC-mismatched allogenic lymphocytes and formed new adipose tissue without immune rejection in the subcutaneous region of MHC-mismatched mice. Moreover, these cells did not induce clinically significant local and systemic immune responses or adverse events in the subcutaneous region of donor-independent healthy subjects. These results suggest that adipogenic differentiated ASCs can be used as a “universal donor” for soft-tissue engineering in MHC-mismatched recipients.
Healthy Active Kids South Africa: How do we score?
Authors: Lambert Mike
Published: October 2014

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Fracture Healing and Biomarker Expression in a Diabetic Zucker Rat Model
Authors: Fontaine Javier La , Hunt Nathan A. , Curry Stacey , Kearney Tyler , Jupiter Daniel , Shibuya Naohiro , Lavery Lawrence A.
Published: October 2014

Background

Persons with diabetes have a higher incidence of fractures compared with persons without diabetes. However, there is little published information concerning the deleterious effect of late-stage diabetes on fracture healing. There are no studies using animal models that evaluate the effect of advanced diabetes on fracture healing. The purpose of our study was to evaluate cytokine expression, specifically macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor, in fracture healing in a type 2 diabetes rat model.

Methods

We evaluated biomarker expression after femur fracture using a rat model. The two groups consisted of 24 Zucker diabetic rats (study group) and 12 Zucker lean rats (control group). An independent reviewer was used to assess delayed union. We evaluated serum samples 2, 4, 7, and 14 days after surgery for MIP-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, leptin, and other cytokine levels.

Results

At 3 weeks, Kaplan-Meier estimates showed that 45.8% of femur fractures in Zucker diabetic rats had healed, whereas 81.8% of those in Zucker lean rats had healed (P = .02). A logistic regression model to predict fast healing that included the three cytokines and diabetes status showed that the only factor achieving significance was MIP-1α. Vascular endothelial growth factor was the only biomarker to show significance compared with delayed healing.

Conclusions

These results confirm significant differences in biomarker expression between diabetic and nondiabetic rats during bone healing. The key factors for bone healing may appear early in the healing process, whereas differences in diabetes versus nondiabetes are seen later in the healing process. Increased levels of MIP-1α were associated with the likelihood of delayed healing.
Efinaconazole 10% Solution in the Treatment of Onychomycosis of the Toenails
Authors: Joseph Warren S. , Vlahovic Tracey C. , Pillai Radhakrishnan , Olin Jason T.
Published: October 2014

Background

Efinaconazole 10% solution is a new triazole antifungal agent developed for the topical treatment of onychomycosis. This article reviews the pooled results of the two pivotal clinical trials of this drug that have been performed in the United States, Canada, and Japan.

Methods

The two studies of 1,655 patients were both double-blind, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group, randomized, multicenter studies designed to determine the efficacy and safety of efinaconazole 10% solution in the treatment of mild-to-moderate onychomycosis of the toenails caused by dermatophytes. Treatment was provided once daily for 48 weeks, and the primary end point was at week 52.

Results

The combined results show a 56% mycologic cure rate compared with 17% for vehicle at week 52. Clinical treatment success was achieved in 43% of patients treated with efinaconazole 10% solution at follow-up (week 52). Clinical treatment success was achieved in 47% of patients. As expected for a topical agent, the use of efinaconazole 10% solution was found to be safe, with mild, transient irritation at the site of application reported as the most common adverse event.

Conclusions

The efficacy and safety profile of efinaconazole 10% solution suggests that it may represent an important advance in the topical treatment of onychomycosis. Further studies will help us better understand the role of this agent for the treatment of this widespread podiatric medical condition.
The Development of a Charcot Foot after Significant Weight Loss in People with Diabetes
Authors: Murchison Rachel , Gooday Catherine , Dhatariya Ketan
Published: October 2014

Medication to aid weight loss and weight loss surgery are becoming more commonly available for people with diabetes. As a result of profound weight loss, diabetes may go into remission and many biochemical and physical parameters improve. However, some of the end organ damage associated with diabetes may not improve, peripheral neuropathy being an example. We present three cases in people with diabetes and pre-existing peripheral neuropathy who had lost significant weight. They became more mobile and developed a Charcot foot despite their diabetes improving significantly. People who have lost significant weight should continue to monitor their feet because the risks of foot disease remain even if diabetes goes into remission.
Reconstruction of the One-Digit Foot with an Osteocutaneous Fibula Flap
Authors: Sahin Ismail , Nisanci Mustafa , Aykan Andac , Guzey Serbulent , Ozturk Serdar , Isik Selcuk
Published: October 2014

The decision to amputate or reconstruct after high-energy foot injuries is controversial. A 25-year-old male patient was admitted to our clinic with a complex injury to his left foot sustained during a mine explosion, and the second to fifth digits and metatarsals of the left foot had been traumatically amputated before admission to our facility. The complex left foot defect was reconstructed with an osteocutaneous fibula flap during a single session. An osteotomy was performed on the bone segment of the flap, and both lateral longitudinal and transverse arches were repaired. Both aesthetic and functional outcomes were very satisfactory, including independent ambulation, light jogging, and full performance of activities of daily living without limitation. Many factors, including comorbidities, should be considered during the decision-making process of amputating or reconstructing complex foot injuries.
Schwannoma of the Left Foot
Authors: Kallini Joseph R. , Khachemoune Amor
Published: October 2014

In this article, we present a 25-year-old man who developed an asymptomatic schwannoma on his left lateral heel and review the salient features of this cutaneous condition. A schwannoma is a slowly growing neoplasm of Schwann cell origin. Histology shows high cellularity (Antoni A regions), nuclear palisades (Verocay bodies), and alternating myxoid regions (Antoni B regions). Very few cases have been reported on the foot or ankle. As with this patient, most schwannomas do not cause symptoms, but some result in dysesthesia and nerve dysfunction. Multiple schwannomas may indicate an underlying syndrome such as neurofibromatosis type 1, type 2, and schwannomatosis. The differential diagnosis for schwannoma includes fibrosarcoma, leiomyosarcoma, and neurofibroma. The definitive treatment is surgical excision. This usually results in complete resolution with minimal recurrence, as was the case for this patient.
Congenital Missing Tibial Sesamoid in a Marathon Runner
Authors: Shtofmakher Garry , Afesllari Endri , Rozenstrauch Adam , DeLauro Thomas M. , Cohen Randy E.
Published: October 2014

The absence of the hallucal tibial sesamoid is seldom seen in the clinical setting. We present a case of a symptomatic missing tibial sesamoid in a female marathon runner.
Delivery of circulating lipoproteins to specific neurons in the Drosophila brain regulates systemic insulin signaling
Authors: Brankatschk Marko , Dunst Sebastian , Nemetschke Linda , Eaton Suzanne
Published: October 2014

The Insulin signaling pathway couples growth, development and lifespan to nutritional conditions. Here, we demonstrate a function for the Drosophila lipoprotein LTP in conveying information about dietary lipid composition to the brain to regulate Insulin signaling. When yeast lipids are present in the diet, free calcium levels rise in Blood Brain Barrier glial cells. This induces transport of LTP across the Blood Brain Barrier by two LDL receptor-related proteins: LRP1 and Megalin. LTP accumulates on specific neurons that connect to cells that produce Insulin-like peptides, and induces their release into the circulation. This increases systemic Insulin signaling and the rate of larval development on yeast-containing food compared with a plant-based food of similar nutritional content.
The glucuronyltransferase B4GAT1 is required for initiation of LARGE-mediated α-dystroglycan functional glycosylation
Authors: Willer Tobias , Inamori Kei-ichiro , Venzke David , Harvey Corinne , Morgensen Greg , Hara Yuji , Beltrán Valero de Bernabé Daniel , Yu Liping , Wright Kevin M , Campbell Kevin P
Published: October 2014

Dystroglycan is a cell membrane receptor that organizes the basement membrane by binding ligands in the extracellular matrix. Proper glycosylation of the α-dystroglycan (α-DG) subunit is essential for these activities, and lack thereof results in neuromuscular disease. Currently, neither the glycan synthesis pathway nor the roles of many known or putative glycosyltransferases that are essential for this process are well understood. Here we show that FKRP, FKTN, TMEM5 and B4GAT1 (formerly known as B3GNT1) localize to the Golgi and contribute to the O-mannosyl post-phosphorylation modification of α-DG. Moreover, we assigned B4GAT1 a function as a xylose β1,4-glucuronyltransferase. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies confirmed that a glucuronic acid β1,4-xylose disaccharide synthesized by B4GAT1 acts as an acceptor primer that can be elongated by LARGE with the ligand-binding heteropolysaccharide. Our findings greatly broaden the understanding of α-DG glycosylation and provide mechanistic insight into why mutations in B4GAT1 disrupt dystroglycan function and cause disease.
The South American rainfall dipole: A complex network analysis of extreme events
Authors: Boers Niklas , Rheinwalt Aljoscha , Bookhagen Bodo , Barbosa Henrique M. J. , Marwan Norbert , Marengo José , Kurths Jürgen
Published: October 2014

Intraseasonal rainfall variability of the South American monsoon system is characterized by a pronounced dipole between southeastern South America and southeastern Brazil. Here we analyze the dynamical properties of extreme rainfall events associated with this dipole by combining a nonlinear synchronization measure with complex networks. We make the following main observations: (i) Our approach reveals the dominant synchronization pathways of extreme events for the two dipole phases, (ii) while extreme rainfall synchronization in the tropics is directly driven by the trade winds and their deflection by the Andes mountains, extreme rainfall propagation in the subtropics is mainly dictated by frontal systems, and (iii) the well‐known rainfall dipole is, in fact, only the most prominent mode of an oscillatory pattern that extends over the entire continent. This provides further evidence that the influence of Rossby waves, which cause frontal systems over South America and impact large‐scale circulation patterns, extends beyond the equator.
First Principles Calculations of Charge Transfer Excitations in Polymer–Fullerene Complexes: Influence of Excess Energy
Authors: Niedzialek Dorota , Duchemin Ivan , de Queiroz Thiago Branquinho , Osella Silvio , Rao Akshay , Friend Richard , Blase Xavier , Kümmel Stephan , Beljonne David
Published: October 2014

The ability of quantum simulations to predict the electronic structure at donor/acceptor interfaces and correlate it with the quantum efficiency of organic solar cells remains a major challenge. The need to describe with increased accuracy electron‐electron and electron‐hole interactions, while better accounting for disorder and environmental screening in realistic interfaces, requires significant progress to improve both the accuracy and computational efficiency of available quantum simulation methods. In the present study, the results of different ab initio techniques are compared, namely time‐dependent density functional and many‐body perturbation theories, with experimental data on three different polymer/fullerene heterojunctions. It is shown that valuable information concerning the thermodynamic drive for electron‐hole dissociation or recombination into triplets can be obtained from such calculations performed on model interfaces. In particular, the ability of these approaches to reproduce the Veldman and co–workers classification of the three studied interfaces is discussed, showing the success and limits of state‐of‐the‐art ab initio techniques.
Synthesis of an Advanced Model of Zetekitoxin AB Focusing on the N‐Acylisoxazolidine Amide Structure Corresponding to C13–C17
Authors: Nishikawa Toru , Wang Chao , Akimoto Takafumi , Koshino Hiroyuki , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: October 2014

Zetekitoxin AB (ZTX) is a neurotoxin bearing a saxitoxin core structure together with a characteristic nine‐membered macrocyclic lactam involving a N‐acylisoxazolidine moiety and a N‐hydroxylcarbonylmethyl group. We describe a synthesis of an advanced model for ZTX bearing saxitoxin core structure with N‐acylisoxazolidine moiety, i.e., C13–C17. In this synthesis, the isoxazolidine amide moiety of a ZTX analogue was constructed by reaction of an isoxazolidine with the carboxylic acid at C13 of STX, which was obtained by oxidation of the axially oriented alcohol at C13 2‐azaadamantane N‐oxyl (AZADO) in the presence of NaClO and NaClO2. The 13C NMR signal of C13 in the resulting ZTX analogue was discussed by comparison with the reported spectral data for natural product of ZTX.
Sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma and the prognostic implications of its histologic variants: a population‐based study
Authors: Vazquez Alejandro , Khan Mohemmed N. , Blake Danielle M. , Patel Tapan D. , Baredes Soly , Eloy Jean Anderson
Published: October 2014

Background

Variants of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) make up 15% of all cases of SCC of the upper aerodigestive tract. There are 5 main histologic variants of SCC in the head and neck region: verrucous (VSCC), papillary (PSCC), spindle cell (sarcomatoid) (SCSC), basaloid (BSCC), and adenosquamous (ASC). Conventional sinonasal SCC has been studied extensively, but far less is known about its major variants.

Methods

The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to extract frequency and survival data from 1973 to 2009. A total of 4382 cases of conventional sinonasal SCC and 328 cases of its major variants were found. Statistical comparisons of data for sinonasal SCC and its variants were carried out with respect to varying demographic and disease specific parameters, such as gender, race, age at diagnosis, and specific anatomic site affected.

Results

Sinonasal BSCC was diagnosed at a significantly lower mean age than sinonasal SCC. Sinonasal SCSC significantly affected the maxillary sinus more commonly than SCC. In the setting of advanced stage disease, sinonasal VSCC, PSCC, and BSCC appear to be associated with a better prognosis than conventional sinonasal SCC, whereas the impact of histologic subtype on prognosis in early stage disease appears to be more limited. Survival for SCSC and ASC, both regarded as more lethal variants, was statistically similar to conventional SCC.

Conclusion

Our study supports the practice of distinguishing between conventional sinonasal SCC and its major histologic variants, because histologic subtype appears to carry important prognostic implications.
Perioperative continuous cerebrospinal fluid pressure monitoring in patients with spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks
Authors: Xie Yanjun J. , Shargorodsky Josef , Lane Andrew P. , Ishii Masaru , Solomon David , Moghekar Abhay , Gallia Gary L. , Reh Douglas D.
Published: October 2014

Background

Elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) is an inciting factor for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and can be measured by CSF pressure (CSFP) monitoring. Current CSFP literature is limited to the assessments of opening pressure. This study reinvestigates a previously discussed monitoring approach that evaluates continuous CSFP parameters, physiologic measurements, and treatment outcomes in patients undergoing endoscopic repair of spontaneous CSF leaks.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal repair of spontaneous CSF leaks. All participants had a lumbar catheter placed for 24‐hour continuous preoperative pressure monitoring, and 24 hours of continuous monitoring starting 48 hours after repair. In addition to patient characteristics, mean and peak CSFP, pulse waveform amplitudes (PWAs), and related parameters were calculated.

Results

Twenty‐five patients underwent monitoring between 2004 and 2013, with a mean follow‐up of 526 days. The mean age was 49.2 years, the mean body mass index (BMI) 38.5, and 8 of 25 (32%) had obstructive sleep apnea. Although mean CSFP and PWA decreased after the repair, mean peak CSFP increased by 1.56 cmH2O (1.15 mmHg). Six patients (24%) had elevation in their CSFP >25 cmH2O (18.4 mmHg) for a minimum of 4% of the recording time. Based on their continuous pressure monitoring data, 9 patients (36%) underwent treatment for high ICP, either with acetazolamide or a ventricular shunt. There were no CSF leak recurrences.

Conclusion

Continuous perioperative CSFP monitoring provides valuable insight into multiple physiologic parameters. Systematic continuous CSFP monitoring can identify individuals in need of ICP‐lowering therapy, possibly improving the outcomes in CSF leak repair surgeries.
A highly efficient heterogeneous montmorillonite K‐10‐supported palladium catalyst for Suzuki–Miyauracross‐coupling reaction in aqueous medium
Authors: Gogoi Ankur , Chutia Sankar Jyoti , Gogoi Pradip K. , Bora Utpal
Published: October 2014

A heterogeneous montmorillonite K‐10‐supported palladium triphenylphosphine catalyst is reported for the Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction at room temperature. A library of electronically diverse aryl bromides and arylboronic acids underwent the cross‐coupling reaction at very good rates in aqueous solvent. The reusability of the catalyst was also examined and it was found to be effective up to three catalytic cycles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical Synthesis of a Synthetic Analogue of the Sialic Acid‐Binding Lectin Siglec‐7
Authors: Izumi Masayuki , Otsuki Akihisa , Nishihara Mika , Okamoto Ryo , Kajihara Yasuhiro
Published: October 2014

As a basis for the development of an artificial carbohydrate‐binding lectin, we chemically synthesized a domain of siglec‐7, a well‐characterized sialic‐acid‐binding lectin. The full polypeptide (127 amino acids) was constructed by sequential native chemical ligation (NCL) of five peptide segments. Because of poor cysteine availability for NCL, cysteine residues were introduced at suitable ligation sites; these cysteine residues were alkylated in order to mimic native glutamine or asparagine residues, or converted to an alanine residue by desulfurization after NCL. After folding the full‐length polypeptide, the sialic‐acid‐binding activity of the synthetic siglec‐7 was clearly demonstrated by STD NMR and ELISA experiments. We succeeded in the synthesis of siglec‐7 by installing three extra cysteine residues with side‐chain modifications and found that these modifications did not affect the binding activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanochemical Preparation of Nanocrystalline BaFCl Doped with Samarium in the 2+ Oxidation State.
Authors: Wang Xiang‐lei , Liu Zhi‐qiang , Stevens‐Kalceff Marion A. , Riesen Hans
Published: October 2014

Nanocrystalline BaFCl:Sm2+ phosphor is prepared at room temperature by ball milling of BaCl2, BaF2, and SmI2 under nitrogen atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of U3Se5 and U3Te5 Type Polymorphs of Ta3N5 by Combining High Pressure—Temperature Pathways with a Chemical Precursor Approach.
Authors: Salamat Ashkan , Woodhead Katherine , Shah S. Imran U. , Hector Andrew L. , McMillan Paul F.
Published: October 2014

The new title polymorphs of Ta3N5, which have previously been theoretically predicted, are prepared by laser heating of amorphous Ta3N5 precursors (obtained from Ta(NMe2)5 and ammonia) at 20 GPa and 1500—2000 K for several minutes.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel 2‐D Structure Constructed from Copper Complexes and Bi‐Capped Tungsten‐Based Keggin Clusters.
Authors: Liu Ya‐Bing , Fu Li‐Wei , Duan Wei‐Jie , Xiao Li‐Na , Hu Yang‐Yang , Zhao De‐Chuan , Guo Hai‐Yang , Cui Xiao‐Bing , Xu Ji‐Qing
Published: October 2014

The novel polyoxometalate [Cu(en)2(H2O)]{[Cu0.5(en)]3 [VVWVI6.5WV3V IV4.5O42Cu(en) 2]}·3.5H2O is hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Na2WO4, V2O5, CuSO4, (COOH)2 (molar ratio of 2:1:1:2), en, and H2O (autoclave, pH 7, 180 °C, 3 d, 60% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: Cascade Olefin Isomerization/Intramolecular Diels—Alder Reaction Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: Kowalczyk Marcin , Lupton David W.
Published: October 2014

Dienyl ester substrates are found to undergo NHC‐catalyzed cyclization by olefin isomerization of the diene system followed by intramolecular Diels—Alder reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid/Broensted Acid Mediated Benz‐Annulation of Thiophenes and Electron‐Rich Arenes.
Authors: Rafiq Settu Muhamad , Sivasakthikumaran Ramakrishnan , Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K.
Published: October 2014

A facile method is developed for the benzannulation of various heterocycles and electron‐rich arenes using tetrahydrofuran (II) as a four‐carbon synthon.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Sonogashira Couplings Mediated by an Amido Pincer Complex of Palladium.
Authors: Hung Yu‐Ting , Chen Ming‐Tsz , Huang Mei‐Hui , Kao Ting‐Yin , Liu Yu‐Sheng , Liang Lan‐Chang
Published: October 2014

The new complex PAP is used as a catalyst precursor for cross‐coupling reactions of terminal alkynes with aryl halides in the presence of copper bromide and aliphatic amines under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polynitrostilbenes from 2,4,6‐Trinitro‐m‐xylene and 2,4,6‐Trinitrotoluene by a Microwave‐Assisted Solvent Free Method.
Authors: Xu Junhui , Li Fangmei , Wei Jianping , Peng Xinhua
Published: October 2014

Polynitrostilbenes are prepared from 2,4,6‐trinitro‐m‐xylene and 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene by a microwave‐assisted solvent‐free method.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Direct Amination of Arenes with Nitrosobenzenes: A New Route to Diarylamines.
Authors: Du Juanjuan , Yang Yaxi , Feng Huijin , Li Yuanchao , Zhou Bing
Published: October 2014

An unprecedented RhIII‐catalyzed intermolecular addition of aryl C—H bonds to nitrosobenzenes, followed by cleavage of in situ generated hydroxylamines, is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of γ,δ‐Diamino Esters.
Authors: Chin Jik , Kwon Soon Ho , Kim Hyunwoo , Chin Peter , So Soon Mog , Kim B. Moon
Published: October 2014

Sequential reaction of enantiopure diamine (I) with aldehydes followed by diaza‐Cope rearrangement provides γ,δ‐diimino esters in moderate to good yields and WITH excellent stereospecifity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Diethyl Malonate to Chalcones Catalyzed by Cinchona Alkaloids‐Derivatived Bifunctional Tertiary Amine‐Thioureas Bearing Multiple Hydrogen‐Bonding Donors.
Authors: Liu Yulong , Wang Xie , Wang Xiaoyun , He Wei
Published: October 2014

Both catalysts used show excellent catalytic activities and enantioselectivities, giving the (R)‐ and (S)‐enantiomers of the adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Fluoride‐Catalyzed Conversion of CO2 to CO at Room Temperature.
Authors: Lescot Camille , Nielsen Dennis U. , Makarov Ilya S. , Lindhardt Anders T. , Daasbjerg Kim , Skrydstrup Troels
Published: October 2014

A mild protocol including CsF as catalyst and (Ph2MeSi)2 as oxygen accepting reagent is developed to convert carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring the Anionic Reactivity of Ynimines, Useful Precursors of Metalated Ketenimines.
Authors: Laouiti Anouar , Couty Francois , Marrot Jerome , Boubaker Taoufik , Rammah Mohamed M. , Rammah Mohamed B. , Evano Gwilherm
Published: October 2014

Ynimines are used as excellent precursors of metalated ketenimines generated in situ by the reaction with organolithium reagents or strong bases.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral Sulfur Nucleophiles: Synthesis of Thioethers and Thioesters by Substitution Reactions of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Boryl Sulfides and Thioamides.
Authors: Pan Xiangcheng , Curran Dennis P.
Published: October 2014

Boryl sulfide (I) and N‐borylthioamide (IV) are employed as neutral sources of sulfur nucleophiles in substitution reactions with alkyl‐ and acyl halogenides.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactivity of 3‐Substituted Fluorobenzenes in Palladium‐Catalyzed Direct Arylations with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Yan Tao , Zhao Liqin , He Mian , Soule Jean‐Francois , Bruneau Christian , Doucet Henri
Published: October 2014

Fluorobenzenes having electron‐withdrawing substituents at C‐3 undergo regioselective Pd‐catalyzed coupling with aryl bromides to form 2‐arylated products.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetic Diastereomer Differentiation in Au(III)‐ and Bi(III)‐Catalyzed Benzylic Arylation: Concise and Stereocontrolled Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐1,1‐diarylalkanes.
Authors: Chenard Etienne , Hanessian Stephen
Published: October 2014

Methoxybenzyl alcohols having an adjacent α‐nitro or α‐azido substituent undergo stereocontrolled Friedel—Crafts alkylation with electron rich arenes in the presence of AuCl3 or Bi(OTf)3 as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐ and Phosphane‐Free Sonogashira Coupling of Arenediazonium o‐Benzenedisulfonimides.
Authors: Barbero Margherita , Cadamuro Silvano , Dughera Stefano
Published: October 2014

Arenediazonium o‐benzenedisulfonimides (I) are found to be suitable substrates in Sonogashira coupling.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereoselective Synthesis of Chiral Furans with a Quaternary Carbon Substituent at the 2‐Position Using 8‐Phenylmenthol as the Chiral Auxiliary.
Authors: Katori Aki , Sashihara Yoshiaki , Iwamoto Akihisa , Kojima Satoshi , Yamamoto Yohsuke
Published: October 2014

The reaction of cyclopentane and cyclohexane carboxylates with cis‐pentenals (II) proceeds in the presence of a fluorinated cosolvent to afford the corresponding furan products with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Alkylideneisoindolinones and Isoindolones by a Horner—Wadsworth—Emmons Reaction.
Authors: Reyes‐Gonzalez Miguel Angel , Zamudio‐Medina Angel , Ramirez‐Marroquin Oscar Abelardo , Ordonez Mario
Published: October 2014

A series of 3‐alkylideneisoindolinones (III)/(IV) are synthesized by a simple HWE reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalysis Coupled with Visible Light Stimulation: Syntheses of Functionalized Indoles.
Authors: Cai Shunyou , Yang Kai , Wang David Zhigang
Published: October 2014

An oxidative photolytic cyclocondensation of N‐alkylated anilines with internal alkynes of type (II) and (V) is developed using Au‐catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereotopic Group Selection in Hydroxy‐Directed Intramolecular C—H Alkenylation of Indole under Oxidative Palladium(II) Catalysis.
Authors: Kandukuri Sandeep R. , Jiao Lin‐Yu , Machotta Axel B. , Oestreich Martin
Published: October 2014

The hydroxy group of bis(homoallyl)alcohol substrates is believed to act as a directing group in the C‐H bond activation step prior to the cyclization event.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper Powder‐Catalyzed N‐Arylation of Imidazoles in Water Using 2‐(Hydrazinecarbonyl)pyridine N‐Oxides as the New Ligands.
Authors: Wu Feng‐Tian , Yan Nan‐Nan , Liu Ping , Xie Jian‐Wei , Liu Yan , Dai Bin
Published: October 2014

The novel catalytic system allows the N‐arylation of imidazole and pyrrole with aryl iodides and bromides in water as the solvent without the need for an inert atmosphere.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Acyloxylation of 2‐Substituted 1,2,3‐Triazoles via Direct sp2 C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Wang Zechao , Kuang Chunxiang
Published: October 2014

2‐Phenyl‐2H‐1,2,3‐triazole derivatives undergo Pd‐catalyzed regioselective acyloxylation with carboxylic acids in the ortho‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: The Oxidative Annulation of Tertiary Benzyl Alcohols with Internal Alkynes Using an (Electron‐Deficient η5‐Cyclopentadienyl)Rhodium(III) Catalyst under Ambient Conditions.
Authors: Fukui Miho , Hoshino Yuki , Satoh Tetsuya , Miura Masahiro , Tanaka Ken
Published: October 2014

A convenient procedure is developed for the synthesis of a wide range of isochromenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,1‐Disubstituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines by Lithiation and Substitution, with in situ IR Spectroscopy and Configurational Stability Studies.
Authors: Li Xiabing , Coldham Iain
Published: October 2014

Lithiated (S)‐N‐Boc‐1‐phenyltetrahydroisoquinoline is configurationally stable at low temperature, and electrophilic quench provides high yields along with a high extent of retention.
ChemInform Abstract: An Aqua Mediated Facile Synthesis of Conformationally Restricted Polycyclic Dihydropyridines
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Kukreja Shuchi , Rastogi Shweta , Singhal Kavita , Mishra Neeraj Kumar
Published: October 2014

using a microwave accelerated three‐component reaction
ChemInform Abstract: Radical ipso‐Substitution of a Carbon—Fluorine Bond Leading to Fluoro‐7‐azaindolines and Fluoro‐7‐azaindoles.
Authors: Liu Zhibo , Qin Ling , Zard Samir Z.
Published: October 2014

Conversion of N‐allylated highly fluorinated aminopyridines (I) to xanthogenates of type (III) and subsequent ring‐closure to a range of 7‐azaindoles (IV) constitutes rare examples of a synthetically useful radical ipso‐substitution of a carbon‐fluorine bond.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Catalyzed Novel Monoarylation and Symmetrical/Unsymmetrical Diarylation of Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazines and Their in vitro Anticancer Activities.
Authors: Goel Richa , Luxami Vijay , Paul Kamaldeep
Published: October 2014

Suzuki—Miyaura coupling of dibromopyrazine (I) with arylboronic acids under standard conditions allows a quite selective monoarylation in the 8‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: OPHA (Oxidation—Passerini—Hydrolysis—Alkylation) Strategy: A Four‐Step, One‐Pot Improvement of the Alkylative Passerini Reaction.
Authors: De Moliner Fabio , Bigatti Martina , Banfi Luca , Riva Renata , Basso Andrea
Published: October 2014

A new straightforward methodology to overcome limitations of the Passerini reaction is developed affording alkoxyamide derivatives (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Cleavage of C—C and C—Si σ‐Bonds and Their Intramolecular Exchange.
Authors: Ishida Naoki , Ikemoto Wataru , Murakami Masahiro
Published: October 2014

The structural rearrangements of cyclobutanone‐silacyclobutane substrates are investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Tri(2‐pyridyl)phosphine with Electron‐Deficient Alkynes in Water: Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Pyridylvinylphosphine Oxides.
Authors: Arbuzova Svetlana N. , Gusarova Nina K. , Glotova Tatyana E. , Ushakov Igor A. , Verkhoturova Svetlana I. , Korocheva Anastasiya O. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: October 2014

Treatment of electron‐deficient alkynes with phosphine (II) in water is found to result in unusual formation of pyridylvinylphosphine oxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Dhilirolides E—N, Meroterpenoids Produced in Culture by the Fungus Penicillium purpurogenum Collected in Sri Lanka: Structure Elucidation, Stable Isotope Feeding Studies, and Insecticidal Activity.
Authors: Centko Ryan M. , Williams David. E. , Patrick Brian O. , Akhtar Yasmin , Garcia Chavez Miguel Angel , Wang Yan Alexander , Isman Murray B. , de Silva E. Dilip , Andersen Raymond J.
Published: October 2014

Dhilirolide L (II) shows significant feeding inhibition and sublethal development disruption in the cabbage looper at low concentration.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen‐Containing Dimeric nor‐Multiflorane Triterpene from a Turraea sp.
Authors: Rasamison Vincent E. , Rakotondraibe L. Harinantenaina , Slebodnick Carla , Brodie Peggy J. , Ratsimbason Michel , TenDyke Karen , Shen Yongchun , Randrianjanaka Lucien M. , Kingston David G. I.
Published: October 2014

Turranoic acid (I), esculentoic acid B (II), triptocallic acid B (III), and turraenine (IV) are isolated from the leaves of turrae sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Bioengineering—Chemical Synthesis Approach for the Efficient Preparation of Δ7‐Dafachronic Acid.
Authors: Kinzurik Matias I. , Hristov Lachezar V. , Matsuda Seiichi P. T. , Ball Zachary T.
Published: October 2014

The steroidal hormone Δ7‐dafachronic acid is prepared in 4 steps, including an olefin metathesis.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of the Mast Cell Inhibitory Alkaloid, (+)‐Monanchorin, via the Wittig Reaction of a Stabilized Ylide with a Cyclic Guanidine Hemiaminal.
Authors: Hale Karl J. , Wang Liping
Published: October 2014

The asymmetric synthesis of the alkaloid (+)‐monanchorin (I) is achieved via a Sharpless AD and a cyclic sulfate ring opening by an azide as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Nonracemic Synthesis of GK—GKRP Disruptor AMG‐3969.
Authors: Bourbeau Matthew P. , Ashton Kate S. , Yan Jie , St. Jean David J. Jr.
Published: October 2014

The title compound (I) are synthesized through a new route in five steps in an enantioselective manner in 29% yield and <99% enantiomeric excess.
ChemInform Abstract: A Rapid Synthesis of 4‐Oxazolidinones: Total Synthesis of Synoxazolidinones A and B.
Authors: Shymanska Nataliia V. , An Il Hwan , Pierce Joshua G.
Published: October 2014

Synoxazolidinones A (Ia) and B (Ib) are screened for their antimicrobial activity against several bacterial strains (S.
ChemInform Abstract: A Bifunctional Cr/Yb/Tm:Ca3Ga2Ge3O12 Phosphor with Near‐Infrared Long‐Lasting Phosphorescence and Upconversion Luminescence.
Authors: Chen Daqin , Chen Yan , Lu Hongwei , Ji Zhenguo
Published: October 2014

The title phosphor is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of CaCO3, Ga2O3, GeO2, Cr2O3, Tm2O3, and Yb2O3 (900 °C for 2 h in air followed by calcination at 1180 °C for 6 h in air).
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Cobalt‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Functionalization Reactions
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko
Published: October 2014

Review: [64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids via Homologation of Ni(II) Complexes of Glycine Schiff Bases. Part 3. Michael Addition Reactions and Miscellaneous Transformations
Authors: Acena Jose Luis , Sorochinsky Alexander E. , Soloshonok Vadim
Published: October 2014

Review: 131 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Hapalindoles, Fischerindoles, Ambiguines, and Welwitindolinones
Authors: Bhat Vikram , Dave Apurva , MacKay James A. , Rawal Viresh H.
Published: October 2014

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: HOF·CH3CN: Probably the Best Oxygen Transfer Agent Organic Chemistry Has to Offer
Authors: Rozen Shlomo
Published: October 2014

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetometry with Nitrogen‐Vacancy Defects in Diamond
Authors: Rondin L. , Tetienne J.‐P. , Hingant T. , Roch J.‐F. , Maletinsky P. , Jacques V.
Published: October 2014

Review: 148 refs.
„Zwerge“ aus dem Minilabor
Authors: Marmé Nicole , Aupperle‐Pauls Annegret , Pauls Frederik , Knemeyer Jens‐Peter
Published: October 2014

Die Nanotechnologie in all ihren Facetten wird für die moderne Gesellschaft immer wichtiger und gilt als eine der Schlüsseltechnologien des 21. Jahrhunderts. In diesem Artikel werden schulgerechte Synthesen von Gold‐ und Silber‐Nanopartikeln mit Hilfe eines Minilabors vorgestellt, die im außerschulischen Lernort, im Schülerpraktikum oder auch im Rahmen größerer Projekte eigenständig durchgeführt werden können. Außerdem wird ein schülerzentriertes Konzept für eine Nanotechnologie‐Unterrichtseinheit vorgestellt, welches auf den Erwerb von den in den Bildungsplänen geforderten Schlüsselkompetenzen zielt und den Schülerinnen und Schülern einen Einblick in den Wissenschaftsalltag und in wissenschaftliche Arbeits‐ und Vorgehensweisen geben soll.
Estimation of expectedness: Predictive accuracy of standard therapy outcomes in randomized phase 3 studies in epithelial ovarian cancer
Authors: Castonguay Vincent , Wilson Michelle K. , Diaz‐Padilla Ivan , Wang Lisa , Oza Amit M.
Published: October 2014

BACKGROUND

The anticipated clinical outcome of the standard/control arm is an important parameter in the design of randomized phase 3 (RP3) trials to properly calculate sample size, power, and study duration. Changing patterns of care or variation in the study population enrolled may lead to a deviation from the initially anticipated outcome. The authors hypothesized that recent changes in patterns of care in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) have led to challenges in correctly estimating the outcome of control groups.

METHODS

A systematic review of the literature was conducted for RP3 trials of EOC published between January 2000 and December 2010. The expected outcome of the control arm as well as the actual outcome achieved by this cohort was collected and a ratio (actual‐over‐expected ratio) was calculated. The estimation of outcome was deemed accurate if the outcome of the control arm was between 0.75 to 1.25 times the anticipated outcome.

RESULTS

A total of 35 trials were eligible for analysis. Fifteen trials had survival as the primary endpoint whereas 20 had a progression‐based primary endpoint. In total, 12 of 15 trials with a survival‐based endpoint significantly underestimated the outcome of the control arm, whereas only 4 of 20 trials with a progression‐based endpoint did. Studies with a survival endpoint underestimated outcome more frequently than those with a progression endpoint (P<.001).

CONCLUSIONS

Survival of the control arm has frequently been underestimated in recent EOC RP3 trials. This underestimation means that the initial statistical assumptions of these trials may have been inaccurate. Underestimating the outcome of the control arm may result in trials being underpowered to demonstrate the absolute benefit they were designed to show. Cancer 2015;121:413–422. © 2014 American Cancer Society.
Modification of D–A–π–A Configuration toward a High‐Performance Triphenylamine‐Based Sensitizer for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells: A Theoretical Investigation
Authors: Tarsang Ruangchai , Promarak Vinich , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Namuangruk Supawadee , Kungwan Nawee , Jungsuttiwong Siriporn
Published: October 2014

In an attempt to shed light on how the addition of a benzothiadiazole (BTD) moiety influences the properties of dyes, a series of newly designed triphenylamine‐based sensitizers incorporating a BTD unit as an additional electron‐withdrawing group in a specific donor–acceptor–π‐acceptor architecture has been investigated. We found that different positions of the BTD unit provided significantly different responses for light absorption. Among these, it was established that the further the BTD unit is away from the donor part, the broader the absorption spectra, which is an observation that can be applied to improve light‐harvesting ability. However, when the BTD unit is connected to the anchoring group a faster, unfavorable charge recombination takes place; therefore, a thiophene unit was inserted between these two acceptors, providing redshifted absorption spectra as well as blocking unfavorable charge recombination. The results of our calculations provide valuable information and illustrate the potential benefits of using computation‐aided sensitizer design prior to further experimental synthesis.
Photoresponsive Stripe Pattern in Achiral Azobenzene Liquid Crystals
Authors: Okano Kunihiko , Aya Satoshi , Araoka Fumito , Obara Haruki , Sato Shiori , Yamashita Takashi , Takezoe Hideo , Asakura Kouichi
Published: October 2014

A periodic stripe pattern is found in the nematic phase close to the smectic phase of photoresponsive achiral liquid‐crystalline compounds. The origin of the stripe patterns can be ascribed to an extremely large bent elastic constant K33. In addition, we succeeded in controlling the pattern by the following two methods: 1) the stripe disappears by a trans–cis photoisomerization upon UV light irradiation and reappears upon light termination, and 2) the stripe pattern is stabilized over the whole nematic phase, at approximately 10 °C, by polymerization of the compounds.
Catalytic Oxidation of Biorefinery Lignin to Value‐added Chemicals to Support Sustainable Biofuel Production
Authors: Ma Ruoshui , Xu Yan , Zhang Xiao
Published: October 2014

Transforming plant biomass to biofuel is one of the few solutions that can truly sustain mankind’s long‐term needs for liquid transportation fuel with minimized environmental impact. However, despite decades of effort, commercial development of biomass‐to‐biofuel conversion processes is still not an economically viable proposition. Identifying value‐added co‐products along with the production of biofuel provides a key solution to overcoming this economic barrier. Lignin is the second most abundant component next to cellulose in almost all plant biomass; the emerging biomass refinery industry will inevitably generate an enormous amount of lignin. Development of selective biorefinery lignin‐to‐bioproducts conversion processes will play a pivotal role in significantly improving the economic feasibility and sustainability of biofuel production from renewable biomass. The urgency and importance of this endeavor has been increasingly recognized in the last few years. This paper reviews state‐of‐the‐art oxidative lignin depolymerization chemistries employed in the papermaking process and oxidative catalysts that can be applied to biorefinery lignin to produce platform chemicals including phenolic compounds, dicarboxylic acids, and quinones in high selectivity and yield. The potential synergies of integrating new catalysts with commercial delignification chemistries are discussed. We hope the information will build on the existing body of knowledge to provide new insights towards developing practical and commercially viable lignin conversion technologies, enabling sustainable biofuel production from lignocellulosic biomass to be competitive with fossil fuel.
Sex‐specific winter distribution in a sexually dimorphic shorebird is explained by resource partitioning
Authors: Duijns Sjoerd , van Gils Jan A. , Spaans Bernard , ten Horn Job , Brugge Maarten , Piersma Theunis
Published: October 2014

Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) implies correlated differences in energetic requirements and feeding opportunities, such that sexes will face different trade‐offs in habitat selection. In seasonal migrants, this could result in a differential spatial distribution across the wintering range. To identify the ecological causes of sexual spatial segregation, we studied a sexually dimorphic shorebird, the bar‐tailed godwitLimosa lapponica, in which females have a larger body and a longer bill than males. With respect to the trade‐offs that these migratory shorebirds experience in their choice of wintering area, northern and colder wintering sites have the benefit of being closer to the Arctic breeding grounds. According to Bergmann's rule, the larger females should incur lower energetic costs per unit of body mass over males, helping them to winter in the cold. However, as the sexes have rather different bill lengths, differences in sex‐specific wintering sites could also be due to the vertical distribution of their buried prey, that is, resource partitioning. Here, in a comparison between six main intertidal wintering areas across the entire winter range of thelapponicasubspecies in northwest Europe, we show that the percentage of females between sites was not correlated with the cost of wintering, but was positively correlated with the biomass in the bottom layer and negatively with the biomass in the top layer. We conclude that resource partitioning, rather than relative expenditure advantages, best explains the differential spatial distribution of male and female bar‐tailed godwits across northwest Europe.
Applications of Carbohydrate‐Based Organocatalysts in Enantioselective Synthesis
Authors: Faísca Phillips Ana Maria
Published: October 2014

Carbohydrates have been widely used for stereochemical control, either as chiral auxiliaries or as ligands. Their natural abundance and rigidity of structure, together with the presence of many functional groups, have also in recent years made them attractive chiral modular units for the assembly of bifunctional organocatalysts. Applications have ranged from the more complex bifunctional carbohydrate‐based amine–(thio)ureas and prolinamides to simple amino alcohols. The presence of many hydroxy groups and their consequent water solubility has allowed for the study of reactions in aqueous media. Nowadays they have been applied to many reactions such as the aldol, Michael, Stetter, Biginelli, Morita–Baylis–Hillman, decarboxylative Mannich and other reactions, and even to the multistep synthesis of known drugs. This review provides an overview of developments in this field in the period from 2009 to mid‐2014.