bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The new frontier: utilizing ChatGPT to expand craniofacial research
Authors: Zhang Andi , Dimock Ethan , Gupta Rohun , Chen Kevin
Published: June 2024

Background: Due to the importance of evidence-based research in plastic surgery, the authors of this study aimed to assess the accuracy of ChatGPT in generating novel systematic review ideas within the field of craniofacial surgery.Methods: ChatGPT was prompted to generate 20 novel systematic review ideas for 10 different subcategories within the field of craniofacial surgery. For each topic, the chatbot was told to give 10 “general” and 10 “specific” ideas that were related to the concept. In order to determine the accuracy of ChatGPT, a literature review was conducted using PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane.Results: In total, 200 total systematic review research ideas were generated by ChatGPT. We found that the algorithm had an overall 57.5% accuracy at identifying novel systematic review ideas. ChatGPT was found to be 39% accurate for general topics and 76% accurate for specific topics.Conclusion: Craniofacial surgeons should use ChatGPT as a tool. We found that ChatGPT provided more precise answers with specific research questions than with general questions and helped narrow down the search scope, leading to a more relevant and accurate response. Beyond research purposes, ChatGPT can augment patient consultations, improve healthcare equity, and assist in clinical decisionmaking. With rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), it is important for plastic surgeons to consider using AI in their clinical practice to improve patient-centered outcomes.
The Relationship Between Ketamine and Memory Impairment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Al-badran Ghaith
Published: June 2024

Various studies have reported conflicting results regarding the effect of ketamine on cognitive function, although increasing evidence supports its impact. This study aimed to investigate the potential correlation between Ketamine usage and memory deterioration, which is crucial for informing clinical practice and public health interventions. A systematic review was conducted, and six databases were scanned according to the PRISMA guidelines. As a result, 50 studies were analyzed to investigate the relationship between Ketamine and memory deterioration. It was found that most studies provided evidence for the claim that there is a negative association between Ketamine and cognitive function, specifically in the realm of memory. Some studies emphasized gender differences; however, their results were inconclusive. Studies have also found that the impact of ketamine is not limited to cognitive functions; it extends to other aspects such as depression, suicidal ideation, and neurocognitive functions. In conclusion, it is evident that there is an association between Ketamine and memory deterioration however, this relationship is challenging to develop and further studies are required.
Treatment complexity in a twin adolescent pair with selective mutism: A case report
Authors: Şireli Özlem , Pakoz Seyda Muberra , Soyhan Merve , Mercan Işık Cansu , Abanoz Elif , Uzun Çiçek Ayla
Published: June 2024

Selective Mutism (SM) is a disorder characterized by the individual's persistent inability to speak in specific social situations (e.g., school) where speech is expected, even though the individual is able to speak in other situations. It is a rare anxiety disorder and is often seen in children between the ages of 4-8. The presence of SM in family members is important in terms of both etiology and clinical course. While family burden is a factor that increases the incidence of SM, according to some research results, the clinical symptoms of twin cases diagnosed with SM are more severe than those of non-twins. A positive family history negatively affects the prognosis of SM and increases resistance to treatment. In this article, the diagnosis and treatment process of 14-year-old monozygotic twin adolescents who have been followed up with the diagnosis of SM for a long time will be discussed. The main treatment methods for SM are medication and psychotherapy. It is known that psychotherapeutic interventions in particular vary depending on individual differences. The most important purpose of this article is to draw attention to the differences in treatment interventions of twin SM cases and to evaluate the clinical features of the cases in the light of the literature.
Device effects: Results from choice experiments in an agritourism context
Authors: Tavárez Héctor , Cortés Mildred
Published: June 2024

This study uses a questionnaire to examine device use effects in choice experiments and to estimate willingness to pay (WTP) values for agritourism-related activities. The results indicate that respondents using devices with large screens are more confident of their responses, dedicate more time to the valuation exercise, and select the status quo option less frequently. However, WTP for agritourism and perceived choice experiment complexity are invariant with regards to the device. Respondents’ WTP for selected agritourism activities varies from $5 to $21 per visit.
Mechanical Performance of Steel- Slag and Lime-Modified Asphalt Mixture: A Response Surface Approach
Authors: Oguntayo Daniel , Ogundipe Olumide , Aluko Oluwasegun , Aransiola Olawale
Published: June 2024

The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is a collection of methods used to create various experiment designs, determine relationships between experimental variables and responses, and use these relationships to identify the ideal conditions. This study uses RSM to forecast the mechanical characteristics of mixtures modified with steel slag and lime. Using the Box Behnken Design (BBD) method for the mix proportion, steel slag (0–100%), lime (0–4%), and bitumen content (4–8%) were considered independent variables, while the responses were the resilient modulus, indirect tensile strength, flexural stiffness, and compressive strength. Analysis of variance showed that the steel slag was the most influencing factor for the flexural stiffness property of the steel-slag and lime-modified asphalt mixtures. Also, the regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9214, 0.8380, 0.7412, and 0.8266 was obtained for the stiffness, Mr, compressive strength, and ITS, respectively. Some interaction effects on the responses were found between the steel slag and lime. The optimization findings show that 25.01% steel slag, 2.43% lime, and 5.51% bitumen content are the best values to satisfy the design criteria. The optimized mixture design will offer a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution, promoting resource conservation and sustainable development in the construction industry.
Stress and Strain of RCC Pavement with Cement Stabilized Base Depending on Load and Season of the Year
Authors: Mickevič Rafal , Vaitkus Audrius
Published: June 2024

Slip-form concrete (JPCP) has a number of years of good performance experience. An alternative to slip-form concrete is roller-compacted concrete (RCC). The RCC mixture has a significantly larger number of fine aggregates, which leads the concrete mix to be non-slip and compacted by rollers. RCC has the strength and performance of conventional concrete or even higher. Due to all the advantages, the use of RCC pavement in industrial areas and low-volume rural roads is very beneficial. Experimental test section of RCC pavement structure with cement and special additives stabilized base (CTB) was installed on local road No. 130 in Lithuania, which was reconstructed in 2021. The main objective of this study is to learn about the environmental impact on the pavement structure. To reach our aim at the stage of reconstruction of the local road temperature, humidity sensors and a strain gauge were installed under the RCC layer and CTB. During the lifetime of pavement structure temperature and humidity data were collected daily and bearing capacity was measured during spring thaw. In addition, an artificial wheel load simulation using a falling weight deflectometer was performed at the location of the installed strain gauge to analyse deflections and to calculate stresses under RCC layer. The stresses under the RCC layer calculated from the strain gauge were also compared with the theoretical stress calculated at the design stage of the pavement structure to learn more about performance of the pavement structure. The results showed that slight changes in humidity at the bottom of the CTB had no significant influence on the deformations at the bottom of the RCC layer. Comparison of stresses under RCC layer showed that stresses calculated from strain gauge were 1.80 times lower than those calculated theoretically.
How mutations affect function
Authors: Kuhlman Thomas
Published: June 2024

A new study reveals how naturally occurring mutations affect the biophysical properties of nucleocapsid proteins in SARS-CoV-2.
Missing data imputation using classification and regression trees
Authors: Chen Cheng-Yang , Chang Yu-Wei
Published: June 2024

Background

Missing data are common when analyzing real data. One popular solution is to impute missing data so that one complete dataset can be obtained for subsequent data analysis. In the present study, we focus on missing data imputation using classification and regression trees (CART).

Methods

We consider a new perspective on missing data in a CART imputation problem and realize the perspective through some resampling algorithms. Several existing missing data imputation methods using CART are compared through simulation studies, and we aim to investigate the methods with better imputation accuracy under various conditions. Some systematic findings are demonstrated and presented. These imputation methods are further applied to two real datasets: Hepatitis data and Credit approval data for illustration.

Results

The method that performs the best strongly depends on the correlation between variables. For imputing missing ordinal categorical variables, the rpart package with surrogate variables is recommended under correlations larger than 0 with missing completely at random (MCAR) and missing at random (MAR) conditions. Under missing not at random (MNAR), chi-squared test methods and the rpart package with surrogate variables are suggested. For imputing missing quantitative variables, the iterative imputation method is most recommended under moderate correlation conditions.
Application of multimodal ultrasonography to predicting the acute kidney injury risk of patients with sepsis: artificial intelligence approach
Authors: Tang Yidan , Qin Wentao
Published: June 2024

The occurrence of acute kidney injury in sepsis represents a common complication in hospitalized and critically injured patients, which is usually associated with an inauspicious prognosis. Thus, additional consequences, for instance, the risk of developing chronic kidney disease, can be coupled with significantly higher mortality. To intervene in advance in high-risk patients, improve poor prognosis, and further enhance the success rate of resuscitation, a diagnostic grading standard of acute kidney injury is employed to quantify. In the article, an artificial intelligence-based multimodal ultrasound imaging technique is conceived by incorporating conventional ultrasound, ultrasonography, and shear wave elastography examination approaches. The acquired focal lesion images in the kidney lumen are mapped into a knowledge map and then injected into feature mining of a multicenter clinical dataset to accomplish risk prediction for the occurrence of acute kidney injury. The clinical decision curve demonstrated that applying the constructed model can help patients whose threshold values range between 0.017 and 0.89 probabilities. Additionally, the metrics of model sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and area under the curve (AUC) are computed as 67.9%, 82.48%, 76.86%, and 0.692%, respectively, which confirms that multimodal ultrasonography not only improves the diagnostic sensitivity of the constructed model but also dramatically raises the risk prediction capability, thus illustrating that the predictive model possesses promising validity and accuracy metrics.
A priority experience replay actor-critic algorithm using self-attention mechanism for strategy optimization of discrete problems
Authors: Sun Yuezhongyi , Yang Boyu
Published: June 2024

In the dynamic field of deep reinforcement learning, the self-attention mechanism has been increasingly recognized. Nevertheless, its application in discrete problem domains has been relatively limited, presenting complex optimization challenges. This article introduces a pioneering deep reinforcement learning algorithm, termed Attention-based Actor-Critic with Priority Experience Replay (A2CPER). A2CPER combines the strengths of self-attention mechanisms with the Actor-Critic framework and prioritized experience replay to enhance policy formulation for discrete problems. The algorithm’s architecture features dual networks within the Actor-Critic model—the Actor formulates action policies and the Critic evaluates state values to judge the quality of policies. The incorporation of target networks aids in stabilizing network optimization. Moreover, the addition of self-attention mechanisms bolsters the policy network’s capability to focus on critical information, while priority experience replay promotes training stability and reduces correlation among training samples. Empirical experiments on discrete action problems validate A2CPER’s adeptness at policy optimization, marking significant performance improvements across tasks. In summary, A2CPER highlights the viability of self-attention mechanisms in reinforcement learning, presenting a robust framework for discrete problem-solving and potential applicability in complex decision-making scenarios.
Labeled-free quantitative proteomic analysis of cervical squamous cell carcinoma identifies potential protein biomarkers
Authors: Bai Hua , Zheng Hongyun
Published: June 2024

Background

Cervical cancer remains a prevalent cancer among women, and reliance on surgical and radio-chemical therapies can irreversibly affect patients’ life span and quality of life. Thus, early diagnosis and further exploration into the pathogenesis of cervical cancer are crucial. Mass spectrometry technology is widely applied in clinical practice and can be used to further investigate the protein alterations during the onset of cervical cancer.

Methods

Employing labeled-free quantitative proteomics technology and bioinformatics tools, we analyzed and compared the differential protein expression profiles between normal cervical squamous cell tissues and cervical squamous cell cancer tissues. GEPIA is an online website for analyzing the RNA sequencing expression data of tumor and normal tissue data from the TCGA and the GTEx databases. This approach aided in identifying qualitative and quantitative changes in key proteins related to the progression of cervical cancer.

Results

Compared to normal samples, a total of 562 differentially expressed proteins were identified in cervical cancer samples, including 340 up-regulated and 222 down-regulated proteins. Gene ontology functional annotation, and KEGG pathway, and enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed proteins mainly participated in metabolic pathways, spliceosomes, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton, and focal adhesion signaling pathways. Specifically, desmoplakin (DSP), protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 13 like (PPP1R13L) and ANXA8 may be involved in cervical tumorigenesis by inhibiting apoptotic signal transmission. Moreover, we used GEPIA database to validate the expression of DSP, PPP1R13L and ANXA8 in human cancers and normal cervix.

Conclusion

In this study, we identified 562 differentially expressed proteins, and there were three proteins expressed higher in the cervical cancer tissues. The functions and signaling pathways of these differentially expressed proteins lay a theoretical foundation for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of cervical cancer.
Resistance mechanisms of cereal plants and rhizosphere soil microbial communities to chromium stress
Authors: Zhao Pengyu , Li Yujing , Bai Xue , Jing Xiuqing , Huo Dongao , Zhao Xiaodong , Ding Yuqin , Shi Yuxuan
Published: June 2024

Agricultural soils contaminated with heavy metals poison crops and disturb the normal functioning of rhizosphere microbial communities. Different crops and rhizosphere microbial communities exhibit different heavy metal resistance mechanisms. Here, indoor pot studies were used to assess the mechanisms of grain and soil rhizosphere microbial communities on chromium (Cr) stress. Millet grain variety ‘Jingu 21’ (Setaria italica) and soil samples were collected prior to control (CK), 6 hours after (Cr_6h), and 6 days following (Cr_6d) Cr stress. Transcriptomic analysis, high-throughput sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) were used for sample determination and data analysis. Cr stress inhibited the expression of genes related to cell division, and photosynthesis in grain plants while stimulating the expression of genes related to DNA replication and repair, in addition to plant defense systems resist Cr stress. In response to chromium stress, rhizosphere soil bacterial and fungal community compositions and diversity changed significantly (p < 0.05). Both bacterial and fungal co-occurrence networks primarily comprised positively correlated edges that would serve to increase community stability. However, bacterial community networks were larger than fungal community networks and were more tightly connected and less modular than fungal networks. The abundances of C/N functional genes exhibited increasing trends with increased Cr exposure. Overall, these results suggest that Cr stress primarily prevented cereal seedlings from completing photosynthesis, cell division, and proliferation while simultaneously triggering plant defense mechanisms to resist the toxic effects of Cr. Soil bacterial and fungal populations exhibited diverse response traits, community-assembly mechanisms, and increased expression of functional genes related to carbon and nitrogen cycling, all of which are likely related to microbial survival during Cr stress. This study provides new insights into resistance mechanisms, microbial community structures, and mechanisms of C/N functional genes responses in cereal plants to heavy metal contaminated agricultural soils. Portions of this text were previously published as part of a preprint (https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2891904/v1).
Positive peritoneal lavage fluid cytology based on isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells indicates a high risk of peritoneal metastasis
Authors: Xuan Ying , Gao Qizhong , Wang Chenhu , Cai Dongyan
Published: June 2024

Background

Peritoneal metastasis (PM) is the most prevalent type of metastasis in patients with gastric cancer (GC) and has an extremely poor prognosis. The detection of free cancer cells (FCCs) in the peritoneal cavity has been demonstrated to be one of the worst prognostic factors for GC. However, there is a lack of sensitive detection methods for FCCs in the peritoneal cavity. This study aimed to use a new peritoneal lavage fluid cytology examination to detect FCCs in patients with GC, and to explore its clinical significance on diagnosing of occult peritoneal metastasis (OPM) and prognosis.

Methods

Peritoneal lavage fluid from 50 patients with GC was obtained and processed via the isolation by size of epithelial tumor cells (ISET) method. Immunofluorescence and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to identify FCCs expressing chromosome 8 (CEP8), chromosome 17 (CEP17), and epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM).

Results

Using a combination of the ISET platform and immunofluorescence-FISH, the detection of FCCs was higher than that by light microscopy (24.0% vs. 2.0%). Samples were categorized into positive and negative groups, based on the expressions of CEP8, CEP17, and EpCAM. Statistically significant relationships were demonstrated between age (P = 0.029), sex (P = 0.002), lymphatic invasion (P = 0.001), pTNM stage (P = 0.001), and positivity for FCCs. After adjusting for covariates, patients with positive FCCs had lower progression-free survival than patients with negative FCCs.

Conclusion

The ISET platform highly enriched nucleated cells from peritoneal lavage fluid, and indicators comprising EpCAM, CEP8, and CEP17 confirmed the diagnosis of FCCs. As a potential detection method, it offers an opportunity for early intervention of OPM and an extension of patient survival.
Microbial fungicides can positively affect aubergine photosynthetic properties, soil enzyme activity and microbial community structure
Authors: Wei Longxue , Zhu Jinying , Zhao Dongbo , Pei Yanting , Guo Lianghai , Guo Jianjun , Guo Zhihui , Cui Huini , Li Yongjun , Gao Jiansheng
Published: June 2024

Background

This study examined the effects of microbial agents on the enzyme activity, microbial community construction and potential functions of inter-root soil of aubergine (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.). This study also sought to clarify the adaptability of inter-root microorganisms to environmental factors to provide a theoretical basis for the stability of the microbiology of inter-root soil of aubergine and for the ecological preservation of farmland soil.

Methods

Eggplant inter-root soils treated with Bacillus subtilis (QZ_T1), Bacillus subtilis (QZ_T2), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (QZ_T3), Verticillium thuringiensis (QZ_T4) and Verticillium purpureum (QZ_T5) were used to analyse the effects of different microbial agents on the inter-root soils of aubergine compared to the untreated control group (QZ_CK). The effects of different microbial agents on the characteristics and functions of inter-root soil microbial communities were analysed using 16S rRNA and ITS (internal transcribed spacer region) high-throughput sequencing techniques.

Results

The bacterial diversity index and fungal diversity index of the aubergine inter-root soil increased significantly with the application of microbial fungicides; gas exchange parameters and soil enzyme activities also increased. The structural and functional composition of the bacterial and fungal communities in the aubergine inter-root soil changed after fungicide treatment compared to the control, with a decrease in the abundance of phytopathogenic fungi and an increase in the abundance of beneficial fungi in the soil. Enhancement of key community functions, reduction of pathogenic fungi, modulation of environmental factors and improved functional stability of microbial communities were important factors contributing to the microbial stability of fungicide-treated aubergine inter-root soils.
La intención de eludir en la norma general antielusión chilena: crítica a la concepción objetiva
Authors: Irribarra Sobarzo Eduardo
Published: June 2024

El presente trabajo analiza críticamente el actual entendimiento de que la elusión tributaria contenida en la norma general antielusión chilena se califica únicamente a partir de criterios objetivos, sin consideración a una intención de eludir por parte del contribuyente. Se postula aquí que no es posible entender la elusión sin una dimensión subjetiva, de tal manera que los elementos subjetivo y objetivo deben considerarse conjuntamente para acreditar la elusión, siendo el segundo elemento el encargado de dar cuenta de la eventual concurrencia del primero. Con ello, se propone una posición intermedia entre quienes entienden de forma excluyente la elusión únicamente a partir de elementos objetivos o bien subjetivos, principalmente a la luz de la redacción de la norma general antielusión chilena.
Correction of Class III Malocclusion in Late Adolescent Patient with Hyrax Appliance and Facemask Using Alt-RAMEC Protocol: A Case Report
Authors: Gupta Khyati , Muchhadia Rahul , Gupta Piyush , Niranjane Priyanka
Published: June 2024

Class III malocclusion is always a challenging treatment and has been the subject of interest in many investigations due to the challenges it poses. It can be caused by maxillary retrognathism, mandibular prognathism, or a combination of the two. In around 40% of Class III patients, the cause is maxillary retrognathia. The condition can be treated either by camouflage or by surgery to correct the skeletal disharmony. However, camouflage treatment doesn’t result in a drastic change to the facial profile when it involves skeletal disharmony and may recur after treatment is completed. To increase the stability of this treatment, the patient’s growth and age phase are decisive factors. In young children, the circumaxillary sutures are patent, and protraction of the maxilla can be aided by opening these sutures with orthopaedic force. Protraction appliances like face masks are used to support the growth of a deficient maxilla in cases of maxillary retrognathism. The current case report of a 13-year-six-month-old male presented the correction of class III skeletal malocclusion with an anterior crossbite in a growing patient using the “Alternate Rapid Maxillary Expansion and Constriction (Alt-RAMEC) protocol” and face-mask treatment with the Hyrax appliance. Skeletal class III can be due to mandibular excess, maxillary deficiency, or a combination of both. The treatment time was 18 months, and a notable improvement was observed in the soft tissue profile when assessed through cephalometric measurements and photographs
A Rare Complication of Atypical Pancreatic Pseudocysts: A Case of Psoas Abscess with Renal Abscess
Authors: Dnyanmote Anuradha , Patil Kuldip , Prashanth IAM , Modi Vidita , Tirmanwar Vedanth Rao
Published: June 2024

Pancreatic pseudocysts can extend beyond the boundaries of the pancreas due to the enzymatic nature of the fluid they contain. However, the extension of a pseudocyst beyond the retroperitoneum, into the psoas muscle, and within the subcapsular space of the left kidney is extremely rare, with only a few documented cases in the medical literature. In this report, authors present a case of a 36-year-old male with chronic pancreatitis and atypical pseudocysts that were left untreated due to his negligence. Secondary infection led to the formation of a psoas abscess, perinephric abscess, and a renal abscess. Complications such as intracystic haemorrhage, infection, and rupture of a pseudocyst are uncommon and can be fatal, if treatment is delayed. Pseudocysts in atypical locations, complicated by a secondary infection, are extremely rare and must be timely and effectively managed.
A Case of Junvenile Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibroma in Mandible: An Unconventional Variant
Authors: Pasalkar Lavanya , Mishra Sunil , Lokhande Sayali , Joshi Chetna , Patil Shruti
Published: June 2024

The uncommon fibro-osseous tumour known as ossifying fibroma is composed of both mature bone and fibrous tissue. It is divided into subgroups known as conventional and juvenile. Both variations affect the craniofacial bones, with the juvenile trabecular form being more common in the jaws and the juvenile psammomatoid variety being more prevalent in the paranasal sinuses. Hereby, the authors present a case report of 21-year-old male patient with extremely rare case of mandibular Juvenile Psammomatoid Ossifying Fibroma (JPOF), in which a patient reported a slow-growing, painless swelling of the mandible. After surgical removal of the tumour, histological analysis revealed that it was a psammomatoid variation of juvenile ossifying fibroma with numerous psammoma-like ossifications in the fibrous stroma. In this case study, authors discussed JPOF occurring at an unusual site, emphasising the importance of early detection, clinical findings, imaging results, differential diagnosis, histological characteristics, and conservative treatment of JPOF without evidence of recurrence.
Autonomic Cascade Secondary to Acute Urinary Retention in a Patient undergoing Open Reduction of Forearm Fracture under General Anaesthesia: A Case Report
Authors: Barman Lisa , Pandey Chaitali , Gowrishankar S
Published: June 2024

Acute Urinary Retention (UR) is a common perioperative complication with incidences between 5-70%. Orthopaedic patients tend to have this complication at a comparatively higher incidence rate (8-55%) than any other surgeries. Acute UR is multifactorial and can occur irrespective of any pre-existing urological condition. Acute distension due to UR is sometimes associated with comparatively rare manifestations of cardiovascular morbidity in the form of rhythm disturbances and massive haemodynamic alterations. In this case, a 62-year-old, 50 kg female with no co-morbidities was scheduled for open reduction of a fractured right forearm under General Anaesthesia (GA) in the supine position. Towards the end of the surgery, there was an abrupt change in the patient’s haemodynamics, starting from hypertension with tachycardia to hypotension with tachycardia followed by extreme bradycardia. A quick inspection revealed bladder overdistension due to the blockade of the urinary catheter. After saline flushing and decompression of the bladder, the haemodynamics returned to normal within five minutes. Acute bladder overdistension is a relatively benign complication that may prove fatal if not addressed promptly.
Phytochemical Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Hydroethanolic Extract from Acalypha indica L. (Euphorbiaceae) Collected in Togo
Authors: N’Paki Kpakou Mathieu , Domedjui Komi Lucien , Melila Mamatchi , Kanda Madjouma , Gbogbo Koffi Apeti , Folega Fousséni , Dourma Marra , Batawila Komlan , Akpagana Koffi
Published: June 2024

Native tropical floras are invaded by non-native species, creating some ecological disorders. Many of them are new reports for local flora but also, they are known to have some medicinal uses in their original regions for human therapy. That seems to be the case of Acalypha indica L. (Euphorbiaceae). This study aims to provide a synoptic overview of this species in Togolese country and to verify whether the bibliographically reported uses are scientifically verifiable. For this, the species’ leafy stem and root were harvested in the Agoè-Nyive 1 district (Lomé), then washed and dried under shade. The samples were crushed and macerated in hydroethanol solvent. Phytochemical screenings were performed. The antioxidant activities were estimated by FRAP method. In vitro antimicrobial activity was evaluated using microdilution method. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 700603, Enterococcus faecalis "resistant strain", E. coli "NDM resistant strain", K. pneumoniae "Oxa 48 resistant strain", Trichophyton tonsurans and T. mentagrophytes were tested. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phytochemical groups as polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins. The leafy stem showed better antioxidant activity than the root. Hydroethanol extracts showed that leafy stem and root of A. indica are microbiostatic against the strains tested.
An Assessment of Export Performance and Trade Competitiveness of Sorghum from India
Authors: Ralte Rohlupuii
Published: June 2024

The present study examines the trade performance, competitiveness and trade directions of sorghum. The secondary data was collected from ITC Trade Map, focusing on global and Indian sorghum exports and imports performance from 2012 to 2022. The analytical tools like Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Markov Chain analysis, and Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) are employed. USA, Australia, and Argentina are major sorghum exporters, while China, Japan and Spain are importers in the world. UAE, Bangladesh and Saudi Arabia are prominent destinations for Indian sorghum exports. Among the top five sorghum exporting nations, USA ranks first in all the indices of relative competitiveness demonstrating country’s potential to export sorghum in global market which is followed by Australia. Transitional probability matrix indicated that Bangladesh is the most stable market among the importers of sorghum followed by Saudi Arabia and UAE. On the other hand, Kuwait and Egypt has shown ‘zero’ probability of retention, indicating that these countries are unstable importers. The HHI for global sorghum exports and imports are indicating high concentration. In the case of Indian sorghum exports, the HHI means that there is moderate concentration. To reduce reliance on a small number of nations and to take advantage of the possibilities of a variety of markets, efforts should be made to increase India's sorghum exports. More research is recommended on the suitability of different varieties of sorghum to varying environmental conditions so that the best variety could be determined to further enhance production.
Nutritional and Quality Content of Biscuits Made from Plantain, Chara Pona Fish, and Acha Flour Blends
Authors: J. A Ayo, , B.M. Yunusa, , D.S Oyedele , A A Okpasu, , F. O Bello, , M. Tyolumun,
Published: June 2024

The high cost and demand for wheat flour necessitate exploring alternative ingredients like acha and plantain. Combining these with chara pona fish flour could enhance the nutritional value of biscuits while promoting the utilization of underused crops. Plantain (Musa balbisiana,), charapona (Labeorohita) fish flour and acha (Dititaria exilis) based biscuits were produced. Plantain and acha flours were substituted in acha flour at 5:5, 10:5, 15:5, 15:10 and 15:15% with 100% wheat, acha and plantain flours respectively as controls. The biscuits were then evaluated for the proximate composition, minerals and vitamins and sensory properties. The result of the study indicates the break strength and thickness increases while diameter, volume, weight and density of the biscuits samples decreased as the level of plantain and fish flour blends increases. The bulk density decreased whereas the foaming capacity, water absorption capacity and oil absorption capacity of the blend flours increased with increasing level of inclusion. The crude protein, fat, ash and crude fibre content increased while moisture and carbohydrate decrease from  77.46-67.76 with increase substitution of plantain and fish flour. The potassium and calcium increased from 208.17-325 mg/100g while magnesium decreased from 34.06 to 33.97 with addition of plantain and fish flour. Vitamin A, vitamins B1, and B2, of the flour blends biscuits increased from 0.61-0.86, 0.43-0.65 and 0.12-0.18 mg/100g respectively with increase in the level of plantain and fish flour. The acha-plantain and charapona fish blends biscuits were more acceptable up to 15:15%, but most of it was preferred at 75:15:10% added plantain, charapona fish and acha flours blends. The plantain and charapona fish flour could be used to enrich the quality of food products.
(Arachis hypogeae L.) as Affected by Sulphur and Planting Methods in Course Textured Soil of South-west Haryana, India
Authors: Saini Manoj , Jat Mukesh Kumar , Prakash Ram , Abhishek  , Singh Ankit , Saini Kamal
Published: June 2024

The groundnut, scientifically known as Arachis hypogea L., is a summer legume plant with rising importance in food, industry, and medicine. Sulphur is the master nutrient for oil seed crop production because it helps in the synthesis of cysteine, methionine, vitamins (B, biotin, and thiamine), metabolism of carbohydrates, oil content, protein content and also associated with growth and metabolism. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design in triplications on groundnut cultivar GNH 804 in Bawal utilizing three sulphur levels (0, 25, and 50 kg/ha) and three planting methods (flatbed, flatbed with earthing up, and ridge-furrow). The treatment with 50 kg/ha sulphur in the ridge-furrow method yielded the highest pod yield (2652 kg/ha) and superior nutrient content, including nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulphur, in both seeds and stover. This treatment also showed superior quality parameters such as oil and protein content and shelling percentage for groundnut. The treatment with 50 kg/ha of sulphur and the flatbed with earthing up method followed closely in performance.
Effect of Vermicompost and Biochar on Physio-chemical Properties of Soil Growth and Yield Attributes of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp)
Authors: Das Tanujit , David Arun Alfred , Thomas Tarence , Bharose Ram , Toppo Neha
Published: June 2024

A field investigation was conducted at department of soil science and agricultural chemistry under SHUATS, NAI, Prayagraj (Allahabad), Uttar Pradesh, India during Zaid season of 2023. The experimental field is located at 250 24’ 30” N latitude and 810 51’ 10” E longitude and 98 m above MSL (Mean -sea level).
The aim of the study was to assess “Effect of Vermicompost and Biochar on physio-chemical properties of soil growth and yield attributes of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp). The experimental plot was laid down into a randomized block design with 9 treatments replicated thrice, consisting of levels of RDF, 3 levels of vermicompost (0%, 50%, 100%) ,3 levels of Biochar (0%, 50%, 100%) respectively. The result revealed that maximum bulk density (Mg m-3), particle density (Mg m-3) and soil pH are found at T1 (Absolute Control). The other best soil parameters are pore space (%), water holding capacity (%), organic carbon (%), electrical conductivity, available nitrogen (kg ha-1), available phosphorus (kg ha-1), available potassium (kg ha-1) found maximum at T9 (RDF + Vermicompost @100% (5t ha-1) + Biochar @100% (3t ha -1). Other findings showed that growth parameters like plant height (cm), length of pod (cm), no. of pod plant-1 are maximum at T9 (RDF + Vermicompost @100% (5t ha-1) + Biochar @100% (3t ha -1)) may be because of proper availability of nutrients in adequate amount. Highest yield was recorded in T9 (RDF + Vermicompost @100% (5t ha-1) + Biochar @100% (3t ha -1)).Maximum economic parameters as maximum gross return (79,960.00₹ ha-1) find at T9 (RDF + Vermicompost @100% (5t ha-1) + Biochar @100% (3t ha -1)) , best cost benefit ratio (B:C) found (1:2.6) at T9 (RDF + Vermicompost @100% (5t ha-1) + Biochar @100% (3t ha -1)) and maximum net return found (₹31,260 ha-1) at T8 (RDF+Vermicompost @100% (5t ha-1) + Biochar @50% (1.5t ha-1)).
Effect of Long Term Tillage and Soil Moisture Regime on the Chemical Properties of Soil under Mung Bean-Wheat and Sorghum-Wheat Cropping System
Authors: Kochar Deepak , Kumar Rohtas
Published: June 2024

The field experiment was conducted during 2021-22 on an on-going long term experiment which was started since 2006-07 at Soil Research Farm, Department of Soil Science, CCS HAU, Hisar. The field experiment consisted of three tillage treatments i.e. CT-CT (Conventional tillage in both kharif and rabi season), ZT-CT (Zero tillage in kharif and conventional tillage in rabi) and ZT-ZT (Zero tillage in both kharif and rabi season). The experiment also consisted of two cropping system MW and SW (Mung bean-wheat and sorghum-wheat) and three soil moisture regimes (IW/CPE= 0.60, 0.75 and 0.90) with three replications. The results of the experiments revealed that the chemical properties of the soil were better under MW than SW cropping system. The adoption of long term zero tillage and soil moisture regimes improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil under mung bean and sorghum crop. The pH and electrical conductivity of the soil was highest under CT-CT followed by ZT-CT and the lowest were under ZT-ZT under both the cropping system. The soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content was highest under ZT-ZT followed by ZT-CT and the lowest were under CT-CT under both cropping system. Also, the pH and electrical conductivity of the soil were highest under M0.60 followed by M0.75 and the lowest were under M0.90 under both the cropping system. Similarly, the highest value of soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content in soil was under M0.90 followed by M0.75 whereas the lowest value was under M0.60 under both the cropping system.
Assessment of Physico-Chemical Properties of Soil from Different Blocks of Namchi District of Sikkim, India
Authors: Rai Amorna , Swaroop Narendra , Thomas Tarence , Mohanta Satya Ranjan , Thomas Ashima
Published: June 2024

The present study was carried out at Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry (U.P.), during the year 2023-2024. The soil samples were collected at three depths: 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, and 30-45 cm, from nine different villages of three different blocks under Namchi district A total of 27 soil samples were collected and analyzed for their physical and chemical parameters by using the standard Laboratory Technique. The result showed that the soil color varied from light brown to dark brown in dry condition and red to reddish brown/dark red in wet condition. The soil texture of Namchi, Temi and Sikkip blocks were mainly sandy clay loam. The Bulk Density reported 1.1 -1.29 Mg m-3, particle density reported 2.1- 2.6 Mg m-3, percent of pore Space varied 45-47.6%, water holding capacity ranged from 45-49.3 %.  The composition of available nitrogen ranged from 312kgha-1-200khha-1, available phosphorus ranged from15kgha-1- 26kgha-1 and available potassium ranged from 243kgha-1-309kgha-1.  Results suggest that farmers should adopt appropriate soil management techniques, such as crop rotation and conservation tillage, which will contribute to maintain the soil’s physical characteristics to ensure the sustainability of agricultural practices and the long-term health of the soil.
Phenol Profiling of Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) leaves by LC-MS
Authors: Solanki Urja B. , Chauhan B. P. , Shukla Y. M. , Sakure A. A.
Published: June 2024

A lab experiment was conducted at the Department of Biotechnology, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, during 2023. The study focused on phenol profiling of 28 genotypes of chilli along with ACCMS 1 (P1) and ACS 18-08 (P2) using LC-MS. Chilli leaf samples were collected three months after transplanting. A total of 20 phenolic acids were used as standards: salicylic acid, gallic acid, hydroquinone, esculin hydrate, pyrocatechol, methylumbelliferone, umbelliferon, quercetin, coumaric acid, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, syringaldehyde, fraxetin, 4-hydroxy cinnamaldehyde, aminobenzoic acid, catechin hydrate, sinapic acid, and epigallocatechin gallate. Among these, six phenolic acids—ferulic acid, caffeic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, sinapic acid, gallic acid, and quercetin—were detected in measurable quantities in the chilli leaves. The result indicated in present study that in parent ACCMS 1 ferulic acid, caffeic acid, epigallocatechin gallate, sinapic acid and gallic acid (0.0075 ppm, 0.0740 ppm, 0.0119 ppm, 0.0083 ppm and 0.1470, respectively) ppm were found lower as compared to parent ACS 18-08. Only one phenolic acid quercetin was only present in ACCMS 1 and not detected in ACS 18-08.
The Effect of Mg(NO3)2 Compound Fertilizer and N, P, K Fertilizer on N-Soil, N-Plant Total Contents, and Yield of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) on Inceptisols of Jatinangor
Authors: Sofyan Emma Trinurani , Devnita Rina , Ramdika Yudha
Published: June 2024

The research aimed to determine the effect of applying compound fertilizer Mg(NO3)2 combined with N, P, and K fertilizer on N-total content in the soil, N-plant content, and tomato yield; and to obtain the best dosage for tomato yields from Inceptisols from Jatinangor.  The research was carried out at the Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Laboratory Experiment Field and soil and plant analysis was carried out at the Soil Fertility and Plant Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang Regency, West Java during from October to December 2023.  The research used a Completely Randomized Block Design (CRBD), which consisted of 6 treatments that were repeated four times, namely as follows: A = control; B = 1 dose of N, P, K recommended (200 kg ha-1 Urea, 250 kg ha-1 SP-36, and 100 kg ha-1 KCl); C = 1 dose of Mg(NO3)2 compound fertilizer; D = ¾ dose of Mg(NO3)2  compound fertilizer + ¾ recommended dose of N, P, K (150 kg ha-1 Urea, 187.5 kg ha-1 SP-36, and 75 kg ha-1 KCl);  E = 1 dose of Mg (NO3)2 compound fertilizer + ¾ recommended dose of N, P, K (150 kg ha-1 Urea, 187.5 kg ha-1 SP-36, and 75 kg ha-1 KCl); and F = 1 ½ doses of Mg(NO3)2 compound fertilizer + ¾ recommended doses of N, P, K (150 kg ha-1 Urea, 187.5 kg ha-1 SP-36, and 75 kg ha-1 KCl).  The research results showed that the application of Mg(NO3)2 compound fertilizer and N, P, K fertilizer had a significant effect on the  N-total content of the soil, N-plant content, yield components, and fruit yield of tomato plants. Treatment of 1 dose of Mg(NO3)2 compound fertilizer + ¾ recommended dose of N, P, K fertilizer resulted in the highest N-total soil content, N-plant content, and fruit weight per plot, namely respectively 0,34%; 2.01%; and 6.13 kg plot-1 while the lowest was produced in treatment A (control), namely 0.13%; 0.99% and 1.40 kg plot-1.
Epidemiological Assessment of Hospitalizations Due to Falls among the Elderly in the Mesoregion of the Northwest of the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Jiquiriçá Larissa de Menezes , Alves Ana Paula Silva , Almança Rebeca Agnes de Oliveira e , Binicá Karina de Souza , Ferreira Nathalia Abreu , Filho Aloisio Tinoco de Siqueira , Mangiavacchi Wagner , Ramos Fabiana Pereira Costa , Filho Renato Mataveli Ferreira , Norberg Paulo Roberto Blanco Moreira , Norberg Antonio Neres
Published: June 2024

Background and Aim:  Falls are one of the leading causes of disability and mortality among the elderly. Risk factors for falls are multifactorial, and classified into intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The aim of this research is to investigate, using already available general public health data, the epidemiological aspects of fall-related hospitalizations among elderly individuals admitted to the Northwest mesoregion of the state of Rio de Janeiro, to establish the groundwork for future studies with specific evaluation methodologies the development of more appropriate Public Health policies.
Methods: The research was based on the data obtained from the Hospital Information System (DataSUS) and the 2022 census from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), assessing hospitalizations due to falls among individuals aged 60 and over in the Mesoregion of the Northwest of Rio de Janeiro between 2014 and 2023. The data were compiled for analysis of demographic distribution, fall incidence, gender distribution, and mortality rate.
Results: Significant variations in hospitalization rates were observed. Disparities in incidence rates were attributed to different degrees of exposure to risks considered as extrinsic factors predisposing to falls. The distribution of incidences by gender and age groups reflected trends observed in similar research, with women and individuals over 80 years old disproportionately requiring hospitalization. The mortality rate among elderly hospitalized for falls was 3.5%, lower than the national average.
Conclusion: The epidemiological analysis highlights the need for more effective Public Health interventions in Miracema and Itaocara. While some municipalities have succeeded in preventing falls among the elderly, others still face challenges. Sharing experiences among Municipal Health Departments, resource cooperation, joint planning of regional actions, and collaborative governance are recommended strategies to mitigate this serious Public Health issue.