bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improved estimates for the sharp interface limit of the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with space-time white noise
Authors: Baňas Ľubomír , Mukam Jean Daniel
Published: April 2024

We study the sharp interface limit of the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation with cubic double-well potential and additive space-time white noise

\varepsilon^{\sigma}\dot{W}

, where

\varepsilon>0

is an interfacial width parameter. We prove that, for a sufficiently large scaling constant

\sigma >0

, the stochastic Cahn–Hilliard equation converges to the deterministic Mullins–Sekerka/Hele-Shaw problem for

\varepsilon \rightarrow 0

. The convergence is shown in suitable fractional Sobolev norms as well as in the

L^{p}

-norm for

p\in (2, 4]

in spatial dimension

d=2,3

. This generalizes the existing result for the space-time white noise to dimension

d=3

and improves the existing results for smooth noise, which were so far limited to

p\in (2,\frac{2d+8}{d+2}]

in spatial dimension

d=2,3

. As a byproduct of the analysis of the stochastic problem with space-time white noise, we identify minimal regularity requirements on the noise which allow convergence to the sharp interface limit in the

\mathbb{H}^{1}

-norm and also provide improved convergence estimates for the sharp interface limit of the deterministic problem.
Isolation, Identification, and Biofloc Production: Potential of Floc-Forming Bacteria Using a Novel Monoculture Approach and Medium
Authors: Saeedi Khadem Hussain , Chapara Manjulatha
Published: April 2024

Biofloc is one of the suitable alternatives for decreasing food costs and increasing the immunity of cultured organisms against pathogens and diseases. This research aims to isolate, identify, and screen bioflocculant bacterial candidates to optimize practices for enhanced water quality management. Twelve bacteria were obtained from incubated shrimp pond water. These bacteria were tested for their ability to produce biofloc using a newly developed combination of Biofloc Standard Mineral Water (BSMW) and Biofloc Standard Medium (BSM) in a laboratory setting, utilizing an Imhoff cone. A novel medium was used for the first time for identifying biofloc-producing bacteria. Strain KBF-103 exhibited rapid biofloc production within 24 hours, making it suitable for pond water application. Strain KBF-103 was identified using molecular via 16S rRNA sequencing and shows a close relation with the Bacillus cereus strain.
Об одной непараметрической оценке пуассоновской функции регрессии
Authors: Babilua Petre , Nadaraya Elizbar A
Published: April 2024

В работе устанавливается предельное распределение интегрального квадратического уклонения непараметрической оценки типа ядра пуассоновской функции регрессии. Построен критерий проверки гипотезы о пуассоновской функции регрессии. Изучен вопрос состоятельности, и для некоторых сближающихся альтернатив исследована асимптотика поведения мощности.
О предельных теоремах для распределения максимального элемента последовательности случайных величин
Authors: Borovkov Alexander Alekseevich , Prokopenko Evgenii Igorevich
Published: April 2024

В работе изучается распределение максимального элемента $\overline{\xi}_n$ последовательности независимых (и не только) случайных величин $\xi_1,…,\xi_n$. Предлагается подход, более простой на наш взгляд, чем тот, который использовался ранее. Рассмотрены четыре класса распределений с неограниченным справа носителем, для которых найдены в явном виде предельные теоремы о распределении $\overline{\xi}_n$. Ранее рассматривались лишь два класса распределений, неограниченных справа, и заранее предполагалось, что нормировка величин $\overline{\xi}_n$ линейна; при этом компоненты нормировки в явном виде оставались неизвестными. Для двух новых рассматриваемых классов требуемая нормировка оказалась нелинейной.
Такого же рода результаты получены для четырех классов распределений с ограниченным справа носителем, являющихся аналогами названных выше четырех неограниченных справа распределений (ранее рассматривался лишь один класс распределений с ограниченным справа носителем).
Получены некоторые обобщения названных результатов.
Emergence of Quantum Computing Technologies in Automotive Applications: Opportunities and Future Use Cases
Authors: Kolodziejczyk Bart
Published: April 2024

Quantum computing and its applications are emerging rapidly, driving excitement
and extensive interest across all industry sectors, from finance to
pharmaceuticals. The automotive industry is no different. Quantum computing can
bring significant advantages to the way we commute, whether through the
development of new materials and catalysts using quantum chemistry or improved
route optimization. Quantum computing may be as important as the invention of
driverless vehicles.

Emergence of Quantum Computing Technologies in Automotive Applications:
Opportunities and Future Use Cases attempts to explain quantum
technology and its various advantages for the automotive industry. While many of
the applications presented are still nascent, they may become mainstream in a
decade or so.

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here to access the full SAE EDGETM
Research Report portfolio.
Human rights-based approach to development in Tanzania: a myth or realisable prospect?
Authors: Mbegu Malipula Mrisho , Hashim Msuya Norah
Published: April 2024

This article through a documentary review delves into the practical aspects impeding the realisation of a human rights-based approach to development in Tanzania and the prospects of realising the same. The article contends that Tanzania fails to convincingly implement a human rights-based approach to development due to the unenforceability of the provisions of the fundamental objectives and directive principles of state policy, limitations of the international human rights framework, the underperformance of its legal machinery, lack of awareness of human rights among development institutions, workers, and citizens, as well as a limited and incompetent international human rights framework to guarantee the realisation of a human rights-based approach to development. Against this backdrop, it is recommended that the Tanzanian state align its legislations with both the letter and spirit of human rights regimes, bolstering the capacity of the judiciary to discharge its adjudication function effectively and fostering awareness of human rights among development practitioners and citizens. We posit that ongoing legal system reforms, the expansion of legal studies opportunities, and the active participation of civil society in Tanzania hold the promise of advancing a human rights-based approach to development. Yet, we underscore the pivotal role of a resolute political will in ensuring the success of these endeavours and their effect on Tanzania's aspiration to achieve a developmental paradigm firmly rooted in human rights principles.
Health Risk Assessment Of Potentially Toxic Element Concentrations In Fish And Vegetables Obtained From Six Selected Dams In Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Dimeji Ishola A. , Keji Babatola B. , Idowu Folorunsho A.
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to assess the levels of certain heavy metals in tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus), as well as vegetables, and to evaluate  the potential health risks associated with the presence of toxic elements from Dec. 2019 to June 2023. A total of 60 tilapia fish, 12 okra  (Abelmoschus esculentus) and 12 bitter leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) from six major dams in Osun State were prepared for analysis using  wet digestion with aqua-regia. The concentrations of heavy metals were measured using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer  (Shimadzu AA-630). The health risk associated with fish consumption was estimated using various parameters. Statistical analysis was  conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. The concentrations of micro elements followed the order  of Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn in decreasing concentrations. These concentrations exceeded the permissible limits set by the World Health  Organization (WHO) for Ni, Cd, Pb, and Cr, which are 0.6, 0.3, 0.3, and 0.7 mg L-1, respectively. The results obtained for okra and bitter leaf  were within the limits established by the World Health Organization (WHO). Therefore, the presence of these metals indicates the  need for close environmental monitoring of the six selected dams.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Soil-Borne Microorganisms Isolated from Selected Dump-sites in Ogbomoso, Oyo State
Authors: Ishola A.D. , Lawal R.T. , Ishola L.T.
Published: April 2024

Due to the lack of a leachate collection mechanism at most dump-sites waste is known to be a source of soil pathogens. This study aimed  to detect microorganisms in dump-site soils coupled with testing the susceptibility of the detected microorganisms to selected antibiotics  Soil samples were collected from five separate dump-sites in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. From the soil samples that were  collected, eight species of bacteria and eight species of fungi were isolated. The bacterial and fungal derived from the collected soil  samples were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the conventional disc diffusion method. Results obtained indicate that the  microbial loads varied between 1.7 and 4.8 x 105 CFU/g for fungal isolates while it varied from 1.0 to 8.0 x 105 CFU/g for bacterial  population. Fungal isolates;Alternaria alternata, Candida albicans, Rhodotorula minuta, Fusariun oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus  tamarii, Fusarium solani and Penicillium digitatum were detected while bacterial isolates; Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus  epidermis, Clostridium sp., Acetobacter sp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were equally detected from  the dump-sites’ soil samples. The bacterial species tested were completely resistant to cefuroxime, but completely susceptible to  gentamicin and ofloxacin. At varying doses, the fungal isolates demonstrated resistance to and susceptibility to griseofulvin, itraconazole,  and ketoconazole.Based on the results of this study, antibiotics such as gentamicin and oflaxacin should be considered first  line of defense against infections caused by both soil-borne Gram-positive and Gramnegative bacteria
Prevalence of Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Co-Infection among People Living with HIV in Dutse Metropolis, Jigawa Nigeria
Authors: Kurawa Muslim Musa , Abdullah Tasiu , Musa Abuhuraira Ado , Dambazau Sabiu Murtala , Umar Mustapha , Oluwabukola Rashidat Owolabi , Umar Maryam Dahiru
Published: April 2024

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a known major global public health problem. HBV–HIV co-infection is not uncommon due to shared risk of  transmission particularly in areas of endemic HBV infection. The purpose of this study is to assess the prevalence of co-Infection of  human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among people living with HIV in Dutse metropolis, Jigawa Nigeria. A hospital-based cross-sectional study included 100 confirmed People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) attending General Hospital  Duste, Jigawa. Demographic information, risk factors, and serological analyses for HBV were obtained using a structured questionnaire  and the vein puncture technique. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS version 25, employing the Chi-square test for categorical variables. The  study revealed a statistically significant association between age groups and HIV/HBV co-infection (p = 0.006), with the highest prevalence  in the 29-39 age range. Primary education (p = 0.009) also exhibited significant associations. Employed individuals (8.51%)  exhibited a higher HIV/HBV co-infection rate than the unemployed (7.01%), with a non-significant association (p = 0.54). Males showed a  marginal elevation in co-infection rates (8%) compared to females (7.55%), but the gender difference was not statistically significant.  Divorced individuals had a significantly higher prevalence (22.22%) than married (6.67%) and single (6.25%) individuals. Risky behaviors  and residence did not show significant associations with co-infection. The overall prevalence of HBV/HIV co-infection in this study was 8%.  Our study showed a high prevalence of HBV/HIV co-infection among people living with HIV/AIDS attending the care and treatment  center in Dutse General Hospital Jigawa. These findings highlighted the complex interplay of behavioral and demographic factors that  contribute to the prevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection among people living with HIV/AIDS.
Detection of Mercury in Skin Lightening Cosmetics Marketed in Katsina Metropolis, Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Gafai Abubakar Mustapha , Gwaram Nura Suleiman , Musa Aminu , Lawal Abubakar , Sani Abubakar
Published: April 2024

Deliberate use of metals as active cosmetic ingredients has been banned in many countries due to their persistent nature, toxicity and  transdermal exposure over a certain period of time. Fifteen (15) samples were purposively sampled to cover the most frequently used  brands as the samples for the study. The samples cover five (5) of each of the skin lightening creams, lotions and soaps from different  cosmetics shops in Katsina central market and other outlets within the metropolis of Katsina. Qualitative inorganic analysis was  conducted for the detection of the presence of mercury in the samples. Also quantitative analysis of the mercury was carried out using  Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The results for the qualitative inorganic analysis showed that all the samples were mercury (II)  positive with 0.5N KI reagent through the formation of reddish orange precipitate, and no positive reaction of mercury was detected  using 2.0N NaOH reagent. Quantitative analysis of the mercury revealed the presence of mercury in all the analyzed samples. The  concentration of mercury ranged from 27.7 ± 0.0006 to 61.5 ±0. 0007 ppm. From the results obtained, it is thus evident that the analyzed  samples were mercury (II) positive and above the recommended WHO permissible limit. Therefore, there may be a serious health hazard  to the users of such products in Katsina metropolis. It is recommended that periodic analysis of such skin lightening products should be  conducted by the regulatory bodies to ascertain their safety to the users.
Responses of Broiler Chickens Under Dexamethasone-Induced Stress with or Without Seleno Methionine and Vitamin E Supplementation
Authors: Ademu L.A. , Ndubuisi D.I. , Osavuoma J. , Azera T. , Diji E.T.
Published: April 2024

Heat stress poses a significant threat to the health and productivity of both humans and animals, with modern commercial broilers being  particularly susceptible. This study explored the physiological responses of broiler chickens under chronic heat stress conditions with  antioxidant supplementation. A total of 135 unsexed Arbor acre broiler chicks were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: control, dexamethasone (DEX) only, and dexamethasone with selenomethionine and vitamin E supplementation (DEX+SeMet+Vit.E) and  replicated three times in a completely randomized design. The birds were exposed to daily doses of dexamethasone for 14 days.  Temperature-Humidity Index (THI) measurements revealed severe heat stress in the afternoons, impacting (p<0.05) respiratory rates and  body temperatures. Supplementation with selenomethionine and vitamin E improved (p<0.05) body temperature of the broiler  chickens. DEX significantly (p<0.05) affected all growth performance indices (feed intake, weight gain and feed conversion ratio), despite  antioxidant supplementation. SeMet and Vitamin E showed significantly (p<0.05) positive effect on leukocytes in spite of DEX administration. Intestinal morphometry revealed negative effects on villi area, perimeter, and width due to dexamethasone. It was  concluded that dexamethasone influenced thermoregulation, growth, blood and intestinal indices in broiler chickens, with antioxidant  supplementation with SeMet and Vitamin E partially ameliorating these effects.
Adsorption Isotherms and Thermodynamics of Thymol Blue Removal from Aqueous Solution Using Native Pear (Dacryodes edulis) Seed Biomass
Authors: Overah Loretta Chukwudumebi , Ujor Avwerosuo , Anwuli Almond
Published: April 2024

The release of dyes into watercourses not only upsets their beautiful nature but also hinders the transmission of sunlight into streams,  reducing photosynthesis and resulting in the loss of aquatic life and reduction of water quality. Therefore, there is need to remove such  colored substances. One of such dyes is thymol blue. This study was conducted with a view to removing thymol blue (TB) dye from an aqueous solution using a low-cost agricultural biomass, the African native pear (Dacryodes edulis), as the adsorbent. Batch experiments  showed that the process was affected by pH, temperature, contact time, and initial thymol blue concentration. Optimum dye adsorption  was achieved at pH 12. The data was analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The latter isotherm better described this  process than the former. The thermodynamic quantities like free energy change (∆G°), enthalpy change (∆H°), and entropy change (∆S°)  were also evaluated. It was inferred from the results that the adsorption process was spontaneous, feasible, endothermic in nature, and  occured by a physisorption mechanism. These findings indicate that the native peer seed is an efficient biosorbent for thymol blue   removal from an aqueous environment.
Performance and Cost Benefit of Organic Acid Supplementation in Broiler Diets Containing Graded Levels of Soaked Balanite Aegyptiaca Fruit Meal
Authors: Abdullahi I. , Idachaba C.U. , Oladipo M.F. , Silas S.W. , Yilwatda B.M. , Idris H.M. , Adeniyi A.K. , Kurdor P.N.
Published: April 2024

Balanite aegyptiaca fruit meal (BAFM) is an alternative feed source that requires processing and supplementation with additives to  enhance its utilization in broiler diets. A total of one hundred and twenty (120) day old broiler chickens were used for the study. They  were allotted to four experimental treatments each replicated thrice with ten (10) chickens per replicate in a completely randomized  design. Raw BAFM fruit was processed by soaking for 24 hours, dried and incorporated in the diets at 0.00, 2.50, 5.00 and 7.50% in T1, T2,  T3 and T4 respectively. Acidifier (Fysal®) was supplemented in the diets of T2-T4 at 0.1%. The study monitored the following parameters;  initial weight, final weight, weight gain, feed efficiency, and mortality rate. Cost benefit was also determined at the end of the study.  Results obtained indicate that growth performance was poorer in chickens fed the control diet compared to others. Starter-phase chicks  fed diets with the highest BAFM dietary inclusion level (7.5%) exhibited enhanced weight gain, improved feed conversion efficiency, and  reduced feed cost per unit weight gain, while the pooled performance showed that the parameters declined at 7.5%. Cost benefit showed  that feed cost per kilogram gain reduced up to 5% inclusion level of BAFM in the diets while it slightly increased at 7.5%, though  better than the control group. At 5% dietary inclusion of BAFM with acidifier supplementation, feed cost per kilogram gain reduced by  ₦95.22 (18.49%). Based on the results obtained in this study, it was concluded that soaked BAFM and acidifiers are good supplements that  can be utilized in broiler diets at 5.0% and 0.1% respectively.
Pharmacogenomics as a Tool in Addressing Genetic VariationDependent Adverse Drug Reactions
Authors: Anunobi Oluchukwu O.
Published: April 2024

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a cause of discontinuing drug development and withdrawal from market, as well as a very common  source of morbidity and mortality. Genetic variables may be the primary predictor of drug response for certain medications, but they are  estimated to account for 15– 30% of the variability in drug response. Many factors can contribute to adverse drug reactions, including  genetics and drug targeting/delivery. Genetic markers, such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in drug-metabolizing enzymes,  drug targets, and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotypes, have been associated with an increased risk of ADRs. Pharmacogenomics is  the study of the genetic variation in the way that different people react to different pharmaceuticals, including variations in the risk of  adverse drug reactions, dose requirements, and efficacy. The implementation of genetic data for predicting responses to medications  and ADRs is becoming a reality in clinical practice, offering the potential to reduce the incidence of ADRs and improve patient outcomes.  As pharmacogenomic research continues to advance, it holds great promise for enhancing drug safety and efficacy, ultimately leading to  more tailored and effective therapeutic interventions.
Fungal Isolation and Characterization from some Ornamental Plants in Baze University Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Mairami F.M. , Ahmad Bello
Published: April 2024

A research was carried out to isolate and characterize the fungal community present on some ornamental plants grown in Baze  University Abuja Nigeria. Leaf samples showing diseased symptoms were collected from four different ornamental plants in the area  (Indian shot, Canna indica; Plantain lily, Hosta undulata; Elephant ear, Caladium sp; and Song of India, Pleomelere flexa. The diseased portions were cut to form an aliquot. Serial dilutions were carried out and the samples were inoculated on Potato Dextrose Agar and  incubated at 27 oC for 5 days. Fungal colonies formed were counted and sub-cultured. Data obtained for occurrence was analyzed in  frequency and percentages while for enumeration using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Duncan’s New Multiple Range Test was used  to separate significant means at 5% level. The result obtained revealed the presence of ten fungal species represented by eight genera  associated with the plants: Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus parasiticus, Mucor racemosus, M. mucedo, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Fusarium  oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Alternaria alternata, Pythium aphanidermatum and Penicillium chrysogenum. Aspergillus niger is the  most predominant species. Elephant ear has the highest fungal loads. Four of the fungal species: A. alternata, Aspergillus parasiticus,  Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium oxysporum are potential pathogens while the remaining six species are saprophytes. This  implies that the plants are at risk of losing their aesthetic values as such proper attention need to be given to these plants.
Assessment of Patients’ Satisfaction with Pharmaceutical Services rendered in Staff Clinic, of Tertiary Hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State
Authors: Osarenmwinda Monday Ikponmwosa , Abolarin Oluwabusayo , Ole Joseph
Published: April 2024

The evaluation of patients’ satisfaction on various matters concerning healthcare services provides insight about the drawbacks of  different healthcare systems. The study aimed at assessing the level of patients’ satisfaction with pharmacy services in staff clinic of  tertiary hospital, Ilorin, Kwara State. In a cross-sectional study, data on the level of satisfaction with the pharmacy services among 130 patients who had their prescriptions filled at the pharmacy clinic during the period of April to October, 2019 was collected using a  validated adopted structured instrument. The data collected was entered into and analyzed using Statistical Packages for Social Sciences  (SPSS) version 20. Analyses were descriptive and inferential, and results were considered significant at P < 0.05. Very many (80.8%) of the  respondents had frequent patronage of the pharmacy, with majority (76.9%) which sought services for themselves, and 80.0% were  registered on National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS). The overall mean score, the respondents gave to satisfaction with pharmacy  services was 3.31. There was above average structure and process mean score (> 3) with respect to gender, patronage, payment status  and services sought for self or others. Services sought for self, was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the process mean score. There  was a positive correlation between mean overall satisfaction score and mean structure as well as process satisfaction score (r value is 0.  717 and 0.986 respectively with P < 0.0001). The overall mean patient satisfaction with services rendered is above average. The mean  process satisfaction score contributed more to the overall satisfaction score than the mean structure satisfaction score, and both aspects  correlated positively with the overall satisfaction score.
Curcuma Longa (Turmeric) Supplements Improved Fasting Blood Glucose Level and Anxiety-Like Behavior in Diabetic Wistar Rats
Authors: Salisu Shuaibu , Bababa Aliyu S. , Abdullahi Zainab A. , Usman Abdulhamid M. , Sulaiman Sulaiman A. , Garkuwa Adamu H. , Jibril Murtala M. , Ladan Ahmad Aliyu , Garkuwa Usman A.
Published: April 2024

Turmeric is a spice derived from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa (C. longa) which is a member of the ginger family (Zingiberaceae).  Curcuma longa is widely used for food spices, preservatives, and coloring agents. Anxiety disorders are the most frequently occurring  mental disorders, they encompass a group of conditions that share extreme or pathological anxiety as the principal disturbance of mood  or emotional tone. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of C. longa supplements on fasting blood glucose levels and anxiety-like  behavior in diabetic Wistar rats. Twenty (20) rats were randomly assigned into five (5) groups of four each (N=4). Group I served as  control and received distilled water (1 ml/kg), groups II, III, IV and V were diabetic and received glibenclamide (1mg/kg), and C. longa  supplements at 2.5%, 5% and 10% respectively. Diabetes was induced using intraperitoneal injection of freshly dissolved alloxan  monohydrate (150 mg/kg). All administrations were made for 21 days. Fasting blood glucose levels and anxiety-like behavior were  determined using a digital glucometer and elevated plus maze test respectively. Based on the results obtained from this study, there was  significant (p < 0.05) improvement in fasting blood glucose levels across all supplemented doses of C. longa (2.5%, 5% and 10% at 9.33 ±  0.46 mmol/L, 11.20 ± 0.68 mmol/L and 11.00 ± 0.40 mmol/L respectively) compared to control group (18.13 ± 1.28 mmol/L). Time spent in  the opened arm was also increased significantly (p < 0.05) in 5% (18.25 1.18 s) and 10% (19.25 1.49 s) groups after 21 days of  supplementation compared to before the commencement of supplementation (9.75 ± 1.11 s and 10.25 ± 1.49 s respectively). These findings suggested that the C. longa supplement improved fasting blood glucose and anxiety-like behavior in diabetic Wistar rats.
Enhanced Local Binary Pattern Algorithm for Facial Recognition Using Chinese Remainder Theorem
Authors: Adigun A.A. , Abolarinwa M.O. , Ojo O.E. , Oladimeji A.I. , Bakare O.S.
Published: April 2024

Current biometrics research focuses on achieving a high authentication success rate for identity management and discussing the threat  of various security attacks. Local Binary Pattern (LBP), one of the methods for feature extraction, and Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO),  one of the strategies for feature selection, were used for user identification and authentication. LBP requires high computational time to  extract features from the facial images. The Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) was used to reduce its computational time by formulating  an Enhanced Local Binary Pattern (ELBP). Michael Olugbenga Banji Abolarinwa (MOBA) database was created specifically for  this study. 600 frontal facial images of 200 people were collected, each with three images. 360 images were used for training while  240 images were used for testing. MATLAB (R2016a) was used to run the simulation. The time it took to classify the facial images when  LBP and CSO were combined and when ELBP and CSO were combined were enumerated. The LBP-CSO achieved a false-positive rate  (FPR) of 11.67%, a sensitivity (SEN) of 92.78%, a specificity (SPEC) of 88.33%, a precision (PREC) of 95.98%, and an accuracy of 91.67% in  119.10 seconds at 0.80 thresholds for face recognition. ELBP-CSO obtained an FPR of 5.00%, SEN of 95.00%, SPEC of 95.00%, PREC of  98.28%, and accuracy of 95.00% in 79.16 seconds. The results showed that LBP-CSO took an average of 119.10 seconds and ELBP-CSO took  an average of 79.16 seconds. In conclusion, the performance of CSO-ELBP justifies the usage of LBP enhancement with CRT.
Current perspectives of south african orthopaedic surgeons to the direct anterior approach in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Pietrzak J.R.T. , Geldenhuys D.B. , Sikhauli N. , Cakic J.N. , Mokete L.
Published: April 2024

Background: Despite the global increase in popularity for the use of the Direct Anterior Approach (DAA) for Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA),  the current beliefs and reasons for its use and disuse amongst South African orthopaedic surgeons is not well understood.
Objective: To  determine the perspectives regarding DAA compared to other surgical approaches to THA.
Methods: We conducted an anonymous  online survey sent to all current members of the South African Orthopedic Association (SAOA).
Results: The response rate was 24.25%  (n=194). There were 76 (39.18%) respondents that have performed DAA (DAA Performers) and 118 (60.82%) that have never performed  DAA (DAA nonperformers). A proportion of 50% and 11.84% of DAA performers were between 30 to 45 years and older than 60 years of  age, respectively (p<0.000). The DAA is the preferred approach to THA for 36.84% (n=28) of DAA performers, whilst 63.16% (n=48) prefer  an alternative approach. Both DAA performers who prefer DAA and those who prefer alternative approaches consider DAA more  satisfactory for length of hospital stay (p<0.000) and short-term functional outcomes (p=0.002) compared to other surgical approaches.  For DAA non-performers, the primary reasons for not performing DAA THA were inexperience in surgical technique (72.09%), increased  operative time (12.79%), unsatisfactory outcomes (27.91%) and learning curve (67.44%). There were 5 (18.52%) and 30 (70.33%) surgeons who have been in clinical practice for more than 10 years that do and do not intend to use DAA in the future, respectively (p<0.000).  
Conclusion: The trends of the adoption of the DAA by South African orthopaedic surgeons show increasing popularity, similar to patterns  seen in the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Younger surgeons are more likely to perform the DAA THA whilst  more experienced surgeons are less likely to deviate from their current standard of practice.
Clinical and microbiological profiling of infections in open tibia fractures at Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute
Authors: Mgisha W. , Majigo M. , Mwinga A. , Henry E. , Ambrose T. , Haonga B.T.
Published: April 2024

Background: Fracture-Related Infection (FRI) is a challenging complication after surgical fracture treatment. Consequences include  reoperations, increased medical costs, loss of function and even amputation.
Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the rate, predictors of infection, clinical-radiological presentation and microbial profiles of open  tibia FRI.
Methods: Between January 2022 and June 2022, a descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted at Muhimbili  Orthopaedic Institute (MOI) involving patients aged 18 years and above with surgically managed open tibial shaft fractures in the  preceding 12 months. Microbiological culture of three intraoperative tissue and bone specimens were taken by sterile techniques using  separate and sterile instruments.
Results: There were 190 patients between 18-72 years with a mean age of 35.6 ±10 years. After surgical debridement, all 190 (100%) were  managed with either an external fixator or an intramedullary nail. It was found, 49 (25.8%) patients had FRI. A smoking history was  identified as a predictor of infection (AOR= 2.21 95% CI 0.84-5.59, P value 0.108). Delayed union was a complication found in 70.3% of patients with infection attending 12th week follow-up and beyond. Almost all (96.5%) intraoperative tissue samples were culture positive,  yielding most isolates as polymicrobial (57.9%) and the predominant pathogen identified being Gram-negative bacteria in delayed and  late infections.
Conclusion: About one-quarter of open tibial shaft fractures are at risk of FRI. The risk is higher among smokers. Intraoperative tissue  sampling provides significant cultural yield with predominant gramnegative infection in delayed and late presentation.
Investigating Landsat data for continuous monitoring of ground electrical conductivity: implication for propagation at medium frequency in Ondo West
Authors: Adenodi R.A. , Ikusika A.
Published: April 2024

Ground electrical conductivity (GEC) has many applications, which makes it worthy of continuous research. Apart from the configurations  of the radio transmitter and receiver, it is a major determinant of the electric field intensity of radio waves in the Medium Frequency (MF)  band. It is usually measured in such a way that both the researcher and the measuring instrument are in direct contact with the ground,  and measurements are made at some predetermined constant intervals to ensure good spatial coverage and even spatial distribution.  The direct method becomes cumbersome when the field of study is large because the GEC over the licensed coverage area must be  known such that electric field intensity can be predicted. At the planning stage, this ensures all parts of the licensed region are reached by  useful signals that can suppress interference at all times and seasons. The study is motivated by the possibility of using Landsat to  estimate GEC. This study utilizes Landsat images to first estimate the normalized difference salinity index and then, with the aid of map  algebra, generate another raster 2 whose pixels' values are the GEC. The study covers a landmass of 967 km in the Ondo West Local  Government Area (OWLGA). During analysis, the GEC was divided into five classes. The results reveal that the ranges of very low, low,  moderate, high, and very high GEC are 0.124 to 0.437, 0.438 to 0.937, 0.938 to 1.635, 1.636 to 2.524, and 2.525 to 3.600 mS/m, which have  mean values of 0.346 ± 0.109, 0.754 ± 0.103, 1.071 ± 0.089, 1.351 ± 2 0.067, and 1.564 ± 0.106 mS/m, and are dispersed over 176.45, 202.24,  214.14, 374.17, and 228.56 km , respectively. The values of GEC, their respective coverage, and spatial distribution recorded in this study  are strong enough to sustain the propagation of useful electric field intensity over the entire landmass of Ondo West Local Government if  a medium wave is established. The study recommends that the change in GEC with time in this field be studied.
Advancing supercapacitor performance: a comprehensive review of electrochemical conversion of coconut shells into activated carbon nanofibers
Authors: Ajibade I.I. , Garba B. , Suriati P.
Published: April 2024

This assessment provides a comprehensive evaluation of the limitations associated with the application of supercapacitors, along with  the imperative to enhance their functionality. Following this, the advantages of Electrochemical Double Layer Capacitors (EDLC) are  discussed in comparison to other types utilized in supercapacitor contexts. The transformation of coconut shells into carbon nanofibers is  extensively investigated through various methodologies, highlighting both their benefits and limitations. It becomes evident that the  current utilization of coconut shells has not yet achieved optimal sustainability or viability for energy storage purposes. Nevertheless,  coconut shells offer a widely available and sustainable resource that can be converted into Activated Carbon nanofibers for energy  storage applications. Diverse techniques have been employed to produce these ACB nanofibers, each targeting specific objectives  including improved energy density, adaptable diameter, reduced energy consumption, and faster charging times. Despite these accomplishments, it is evident that numerous significant properties of carbon nanofibers derived from coconut shells remain unexplored,  leading to substantial knowledge gaps that must be addressed for each technique. Therefore, further research is warranted  to advance the comprehension of key parameters associated with various methods, ultimately facilitating the development of highly  desirable carbon nanofibers sourced from coconut shells and catering to the requirements of sustainable energy storage applications.
Effects of sprouting on the antioxidant potentials of garlic (Allium sativum L.) And onions (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Ebhomienlen J.O. , Azeke M.A , Kehinde B.D. , Nwikwe D.C. , Akintelu T.E. , Akwu B.P.
Published: April 2024

No Abstract
Microfacies and mineralogical analyses of the late cretaceous carbonate rocks from The Central Benue Trough, Nigeria
Authors: Aigbadon G.O. , Igbinigie N.S. , Obasi A.I , Akudo E.O , Christopher S.D. , Ocheli A. , Igwe D.O. , Francis A.J. , Joseph G.E. , Akor D.J.
Published: April 2024

The Cretaceous limestone facies from Yandev section in the central Benue Trough, Nigeria constitutes parts of the potential reservoirs  and sources rocks for petroleum prospects in the basin. The central Benue Trough is the least studied basin among its contemporaries  due to lack of subsurface data. Detailed mineralogical, facies analysis and diagenesis of these carbonate rocks in the basin have not  received significant study. The aim of this study was to employed multifaceted methodology such as sedimentological, facies analysis  petrographic and geochemical approaches which was lacking in previous research in the trough. The sedimentological analysis was done  to evaluate fabrics grain sizes, and lithology types. For petrographic analysis, thin sections were prepared and examined under a  petrographic microscope and categorized according to Dunham's classification. Geochemical analysis involved X-ray fluorescence (XRF),  X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) techniques to unveil  mineralogical, oxide, and elemental compositions. The sedimentological results revealed light to dark grey medium to fine-grained limestone facies with intercalation of dark grey shales and siltstones. The XRD mineralogy data, revealed calcite (60.00 - 64.10%), quartz  (14.30 - 51.00%), albite (12.30 - 19.00%), and chlorite (6.30 - 8.10%). Microfacies results revealed distinct sandy bioclastic wackstone and  sparitic intraclastic packstone, as well as micritic intraclastic wackestone and sparitic bioclastic packstone. SEM images highlighted the  intricate composition, including elongated structures, whites and dark spots suggesting varying conditions of deposition. Elemental  analysis through EDX emphasized significant proportions of carbon, oxygen, sodium, potassium, calcium, silicon, aluminum, iron, and  magnesium. Based on sedimentological, biofacies, lithofacies and geochemical evidence we infer that the carbonate sediments were  mainly deposited in a shallow marine depositional environment (inner to outer neritic).
Evaluation of Bioaccumulation and Toxicity of Bisphenol-A and Phthalates on Earthworm and Nitrifying Bacteria from Soil Collected in Waste Management Landfill, Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Atuanya E. I. , Uwaifo S. E.
Published: April 2024

Additives such as bisphenol-A (BPA) and phthalates are added to plastics during production processes in order to improve their properties. Since they are not covalently bound but simply mixed with the plastic polymer. They disperse easily in the environment, especially when plastic products are degraded into microplatics. Hence, the objective of this paper was to evaluate bioaccumulation and toxicity of bisphenol-A and phthalates on  earthworm (Apporrectoda ionga) and nitrifying bacteria from soil collected in Waste management landfill, Kaduna Sate, Nigeria using standard techniques. Data obtained shows that Bisphenol A, Diethytlphalate, Dimethylphthalate and Diethylhexylphalate were detected in the plastic enriched compositing soil while only bisphenol A was detected in the control soil sample. The physico-chemical analysis of the composted soil and the control had electrical conductivity 254.00, 61.00us/cm, chloride 66.15, 16.00mg/kg, potassium 171.5, 4.25mg/kg, nickel 1.00, 0.25mg/kg, Iron 17.40, 3.11mg/kg, Zinc 2.90, 0.67mg/kg, moisture 5.32, 7.21% total organic carbon 5.26, 0.71% and total nitrogen 0.52, 0.07% respectively. The bacteriological analysis for composted soil and control soil growth ranging from 4.0 x 103+0.12 to 3.5x103+104cfu/g and 3.2x103+0.4 to 2.8x103+0.10 respectively. There was significant difference (p<0.05) in the bacteria counts from the control soil sample. The toxicity analysis revealed higher percentage utilization of nitrite with LC50 values of 25.04, 23.93, 15.9 and 13.39 and higher bacteria inhibition with EC50 values of 52.00, 81.72, 111.31 and 123.13. The results suggest that autotrophic transformation by nitrifying bacteria which enhances soil fertility may be hindered in an ecosystem polluted with these plasticizers as nitrification process will reduced. Percentage survival rate of earth worms decreased with increase in plastic concentration (75.47-20.93%).
Biocontrol of Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) Spoilage Fungi by Trichoderma harzianum collected from Rivers and Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Akomah-Abadaike O. N. , Didia H. E.
Published: April 2024

Biocontrol is a technique of controlling pests, whether pest animals such as insects and mites, weeds, or pathogens affecting animals or plants by using other organisms. Hence, the objective of this paper as to investigate the biocontrol of Cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta) spoilage fungi by Trichoderma harzianum collected from Rivers and Abia States in Nigeria using standard microbiological methods. The results obtained show that the fungi isolated were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Mucor sp and Penicillium and Trichorderma sp. Antagonistic fungi was identified molecularly as Trichoderma harzianum strain A0H287. The inhibitory effect of the biological antagonist T. harzianum showed that it reduced the growth of A. niger by 50%, Mucor sp by 34.1%, Penicillium sp by 70% and A. flavus by 63.7%. The study showed that the biological antagonist, Trichoderma showed effectiveness in the reduction of the growth of majority of the pathogenic fungi and could be recommended as alternative to chemical fungicides.
Evaluation of Ovarian Histomorphology and Function Following Clomiphene Citrate and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Administration in Wistar Rats
Authors: Idemudia O. U. , Ataman J. E.
Published: April 2024

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), affecting 5-10% of women, is a leading cause of infertility affecting 10-15% of couples globally. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and clomiphene citrate (CC) are often utilized for the treatment of PCOS. Accordingly, this study explored the effects of CC and hCG on ovarian histomorphology and fertility parameters. Twenty adult female rats were divided into four groups as follows: Group A (control) received only feed and water; Group B received 0.7 mg/kg BW of CC twice daily for five days and was mated before sacrifice on day 19 (before litter); Group C received 0.7 mg/kg BW of CC twice daily for five days, followed by mating and allowed to litter before sacrifice; Group D received 0.7 mg/kg body weight (BW) of hCG on day one, followed by 0.7 mg/kg BW of CC twice daily for five days, and were mated before sacrifice on day 7 (before litter). Results showed that Group B rats had higher, more than other groups, Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Estradiol, Testosterone and Prolactin levels when compared to the control. Similarly, rats in Group B had higher levels of Progesterone while Group D had higher levels of Luteinizing hormone (LH) when compared to the control group. Histological findings demonstrated diverse impacts on ovarian structures, ranging from congested blood vessels to haemorrhages and follicular cysts. Consequently, this study underscores the complexities of drug interactions in reproductive health and provides preliminary insights into the possible adverse effects of CC and hCG on the ovary and fertility parameters.
Deformational History Reconstruction of Basement Complex Rocks in Okomita, Ojirami and Environs, South Western Nigeria
Authors: Ogbamikhumi A. , Ehinlaiye A. O. , Andrew C. K.
Published: April 2024

Deformation histories aid in remodeling the forces related to rock formation. Hence, the objectiveof this paper as to examine the deformational history of the Basement Complex rocks in Okomita, Ojirami and Environs, South Western Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Results of the field work embarked upon revealed that the major rocks encountered include older granite and metasediments like mica schist, quartzite and gneiss. The analysis of the structures contained in the rocks was achieved by plotting the orientation of the structures on rose diagrams and stereonet. The results show that the rocks were subjected to polyphase deformation, comprising of pre-Pan African and the Pan-African orogeny. While the Pan African orogeny left imprint of NE-SW trend as observed in all the rocks, the pre-Pan African orogeny generally has a NW-SE trend which was observed to be associated more commonly with only the metasediments.
Evaluating Relationship between Surface Water Quality and Zooplankton Diversity in Coastal Areas of Tien Giang Province, Vietnam
Authors: Giao N. T. , Dien N. T. C. , Nguyen H. T. , Nhu T. N. , Mi L. T. D. , Nhien H. T. H.
Published: April 2024

The zooplankton diversity is the most important ecological parameter for water quality assessment, as these small creatures are sensitive to any changes in water quality, hence the objective of this study as to evaluate the relationship between surface water quality and zooplankton diversity in the coastal areas of Tien Giang province, Vietnam using appropriate standard methods. The results showed that the coastal water quality had high concentrations of suspended solids, ammonium and coliforms. A total of 71 zooplankton species with a total density ranging from 3,219,383 to 24,993,634 individuals/m3 were identified. Among the zooplankton species, Copepoda nauplius appeared at all monitoring stations, predominating with a density ranging from 740,800 to 7,555,250 individuals/m3. The values of the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') ranged from 1.54 to 2.37, reflecting the coastal water quality in the study area from polluted to mildly polluted. The coastal water variables of pH, salinity, DO, NH4+-N and coliform were closely correlated with the density of zooplankton species. The relationship between surface water quality and zooplankton diversity could be a basis for selecting biological indicators to monitor coastal water quality.