bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cinnamon as a Complementary Therapeutic Approach for Dysglycemia and Dyslipidemia Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Molecular Mechanism of Action: A Review
Authors: Silva Maria Leonor , Bernardo Maria Alexandra , Singh Jaipaul , de Mesquita Maria Fernanda
Published: July 2022

The scientific evidence that cinnamon may exert beneficial effects on type 2 diabetes mellitus due to the biological activity of its bioactive compounds has been increasing in recent years. This review provides an overview of the effects of cinnamon on clinical parameters of diabetes and summarizes the molecular mechanisms of action of cinnamon on glucose and lipid metabolism. Search criteria include an electronic search using PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Library databases. English literature references from 2000 up to 2022 were included. Following title and abstract review, full articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. The results from the available evidence revealed that cinnamon improved glycemic and lipidemic indicators. Clinical trials clarified that cinnamon also possesses an anti-inflammatory effect, which may act beneficially in diabetes. Based on in vitro and in vivo studies, cinnamon seems to elicit the regulation of glucose metabolism in tissues by insulin-mimetic effect and enzyme activity improvement. Furthermore, cinnamon seems to decrease cholesterol and fatty acid absorption in the gut. The current literature search showed a considerable number of studies on diabetic subjects. Some limitations in comparing published data should be highlighted, including variability in doses, extracts and species of cinnamon, administration forms, and antidiabetic therapy.
Non-Responsive and Refractory Coeliac Disease: Experience from the NHS England National Centre
Authors: Penny Hugo A. , Rej Anupam , Baggus Elisabeth M. R. , Coleman Sarah. H. , Ward Rosalie , Wild Graeme , Bouma Gerd , Trott Nick , Snowden John A. , Wright Josh , Cross Simon S. , Hadjivassiliou Marios , Sanders David S.
Published: July 2022

We characterised the aetiology of non-responsive coeliac disease (NRCD) and provided contemporary mortality data in refractory coeliac disease (RCD) from our centre. We also measured urine gluten immunogenic peptides (GIPs) in patients with established RCD1 to evaluate gluten exposure in these individuals. Methods: This was a longitudinal cohort study conducted in Sheffield, UK. Between 1998 and 2019, we evaluated 285 adult (≥16 years) patients with NRCD or RCD. Patients with established RCD1 and persisting mucosal inflammation and/or ongoing symptoms provided three urine samples for GIP analysis. Results: The most common cause of NRCD across the cohort was gluten exposure (72/285; 25.3%). RCD accounted for 65/285 patients (22.8%), 54/65 patients (83.1%) had RCD1 and 11/65 patients (16.9%) had RCD2. The estimated 5-year survival was 90% for RCD1 and 58% for RCD2 (p = 0.016). A total of 36/54 (66.7%) patients with RCD1 underwent urinary GIP testing and 17/36 (47.2%) had at least one positive urinary GIP test. Conclusion: The contemporary mortality data in RCD2 remains poor; patients with suspected RCD2 should be referred to a recognised national centre for consideration of novel therapies. The high frequency of urinary GIP positivity suggests that gluten exposure may be common in RCD1; further studies with matched controls are warranted to assess this further.
A Comparison between Dietary Consumption Status and Healthy Dietary Pattern among Adults Aged 55 and Older in China
Authors: Zhang Siting , Wang Liusen , Jia Xiaofang , Zhang Jiguo , Jiang Hongru , Li Weiyi , Huang Feifei , Wang Huijun , Zhang Bing , Ding Gangqiang , Wang Zhihong
Published: July 2022

The nutrition and health of middle-aged and elderly people is crucial to the long-term development of a country. The present study aimed to analyze the dietary consumption status in Chinese adults by using baseline and follow-up data from the community-based Cohort Study on Nervous System Diseases between 2018–2020 and selecting those aged 55 and older (n = 23,296). Dividing 65 food items into 17 subgroups on the basis of a valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, we analyze the consumption amount and consumption rate of foods in relation to wave and sociodemographic factors by employing the Wilcoxon rank sum test, Kruskal–Wallis analysis, the Chi-squared test, and the Cochran–Armitage trend test and evaluate food intake status using the Chinese Dietary Guidelines Recommendations (2022). Compared to 2018, the median daily intake of livestock meat, poultry, and eggs increased in 2020 (p < 0.05), while the median daily intake of wheat, other cereals, tubers, legumes, fruits, and fish and seafood decreased (p < 0.05). The proportion of subjects with excessive intake of grain, livestock and poultry, and eggs was 46.3%, 36.6%, and 26.6%, respectively, while the proportion of subjects with insufficient intake of whole grains and mixed beans, tubers, legumes, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, and fish and seafood were 98.4%, 80.3%, 74.0%, 94.6%, 94.3%, 75.8%, and 86.5%, respectively, and more than 50% of subjects were non-consumers of dairy products, nuts, and whole grains and mixed beans. In conclusion, the problem of unhealthy dietary structure is prominent among adults aged 55 and older in China; insufficient or excessive intakes of various types of foods are common; and excessive consumption of edible oil and salt remains a serious problem.
Mendelian Randomization Studies on Nutritional Factors and Health Outcomes
Authors: Larsson Susanna C.
Published: July 2022

Poor diet is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality [...]
Punicalagin Protects against Diabetic Liver Injury by Upregulating Mitophagy and Antioxidant Enzyme Activities
Authors: Zhang Yahui , Tan Xiuying , Cao Yuan , An Xin , Chen Jihua , Yang Lina
Published: July 2022

Diabetic liver injury has received increasing attention as a serious complication of type 2 diabetes. Punicalagin (PU), a major component of pomegranate polyphenols, has various biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and lipid metabolism regulation. In this study, we observed the protective effect of punicalagin on a high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic liver injury in mice and revealed the underlying mechanism. The results showed that fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in diabetic liver injury mice were significantly decreased after punicalagin intervention. Simultaneously, the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), free fatty acids (FFA), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) in the serum and liver were significantly decreased, with reductions in fat lesions and inflammatory cells. Mitophagy is a selective autophagy that maintains a balance between the quality and quantity of intracellular mitochondria. Studies have shown that mitophagy is closely related to the occurrence and development of diabetic liver injury. In our study, the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was significantly increased in mice with diabetic liver injury after punicalagin intervention; the protein expression of Pink1, Parkin, Bnip3, LC3b, P62, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and catalase (CAT) was significantly increased in the liver; and the activities of MnSOD and CAT in the serum and liver were significantly increased, which is consistent with the results of in vitro experiments. In summary, our study provided evidence that punicalagin could reduce the level of oxidative stress in the liver by upregulating mitophagy and the activities of antioxidant enzymes, thus having a certain protective effect against diabetic liver injury.
Digested Human Colostrum Reduces Interleukin-8 Production in Induced Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells
Authors: Lyu Yang , Chen Yimin
Published: July 2022

Little is known about the impact of human colostrum on infant intestinal health following digestion. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of digested versus undigested human colostrum on inflammation and cytotoxicity in human intestinal epithelial cells (Caco2BBe) stimulated with lipopolysaccharides (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Colostrum samples (days 2–8 postpartum) from ten mothers of preterm infant were applied. Caco2BBe cells were pretreated by digested or undigested colostrum before stimulation with LPS or TNF. The inflammatory response was determined by measuring the production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) from cells using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Cytotoxicity was examined by measuring the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from the cells. Digested colostrum significantly reduced IL-8 production under LPS and TNF stimulation compared with undigested colostrum. Individual colostrum samples exhibited wide variance in the ability to suppress IL-8 production and cytotoxicity in Caco2BBe cells. In vitro-digested human colostrum suppressed an inflammatory response more than undigested human colostrum in an induced intestinal cell culture model.
Optical Properties of Tungsten: A Parametric Study to Characterize the Role of Roughness, Surface Composition and Temperature
Authors: Pappalardo Federica , Romero Lairado Francisco , Louis de Canonville Cyprien , Martin Céline , Giacometti Gregory , Serin Guillaume , Salomon Eric , Angot Thierry , Gallais Laurent , Bisson Régis , Minissale Marco
Published: July 2022

Tungsten (W) is the material selected for the divertor exhaust of the international nuclear fusion experiment ITER. In this harsh environment, the interactions of heat loads and ion fluxes with W can induce temporary or permanent evolution in the optical properties. Poor knowledge of such evolution during a plasma operation can lead to errors in temperature measurements performed by optical diagnostics. Therefore, it is of fundamental importance to characterize possible changes in W optical properties. In this work, we studied the role of morphology and temperature on the optical response of W. The reflectivities of five W samples with different roughness values (20–100 nm) were measured during laser annealing (25–800 °C) in the visible and near-infrared domains (500–1100 nm). We observed an increase in reflectivity after annealing and we demonstrated that it was due to a change in the chemical composition of the surface, in particular a reduction in the amount of native oxide. Moreover, we show that roughness does not sensibly vary in the investigated temperature range. By highlighting the role played by roughness and surface impurities (e.g., oxide), we provide insight in how W optical properties can evolve in tokamaks where high ion fluxes, heat loads, and impurities can induce the evolution of both the morphology and surface composition of W.
Hybridization Approach to Identify Salicylanilides as Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization and Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription 3 (STAT3)
Authors: Gargantilla Marta , Persoons Leentje , Kauerová Tereza , del Río Natalia , Daelemans Dirk , Priego Eva-María , Kollar Peter , Pérez-Pérez María-Jesús
Published: July 2022

The superimposition of the X-ray complexes of cyclohexanediones (i.e., TUB015), described by our research group, and nocodazole, within the colchicine binding site of tubulin provided an almost perfect overlap of both ligands. This structural information led us to propose hybrids of TUB015 and nocodazole using a salicylanilide core structure. Interestingly, salicylanilides, such as niclosamide, are well-established signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT3) inhibitors with anticancer properties. Thus, different compounds with this new scaffold have been synthesized with the aim to identify compounds inhibiting tubulin polymerization and/or STAT3 signaling. As a result, we have identified new salicylanilides (6 and 16) that showed significant antiproliferative activity against a panel of cancer cells. Both compounds were able to reduce the levels of p-STAT3Tyr705 without affecting the total expression of STAT3. While compound 6 inhibited tubulin polymerization and arrested the cell cycle of DU145 cells at G2/M, similar to TUB015, compound 16 showed a more potent effect on inhibiting STAT3 phosphorylation and arrested the cell cycle at G1/G0, similar to niclosamide. In both cases, no toxicity towards PBMC cells was detected. Thus, the salicylanilides described here represent a new class of antiproliferative agents affecting tubulin polymerization and/or STAT3 phosphorylation.
Current and Potential Pharmacologic Therapies for Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Tani Jowy , Wen Ya-Ting , Hu Chaur-Jong , Sung Jia-Ying
Published: July 2022

The present article reviewed the pharmacologic therapies of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including current and potential treatments. Pharmacologic therapies are an essential part of TBI care, and several agents have well-established effects in TBI care. In the acute phase, tranexamic acid, antiepileptics, hyperosmolar agents, and anesthetics are the mainstay of pharmacotherapy, which have proven efficacies. In the post-acute phase, SSRIs, SNRIs, antipsychotics, zolpidem and amantadine, as well as other drugs, have been used to manage neuropsychological problems, while muscle relaxants and botulinum toxin have been used to manage spasticity. In addition, increasing numbers of pre-clinical and clinical studies of pharmaceutical agents, including potential neuroprotective nutrients and natural therapies, are being carried out. In the present article, we classify the treatments into established and potential agents based on the level of clinical evidence and standard of practice. It is expected that many of the potential medicines under investigation will eventually be accepted as standard practice in the care of TBI patients.
Differential Pharmacokinetics of Liver Tropism for Iron Sucrose, Ferric Carboxymaltose, and Iron Isomaltoside: A Clue to Their Safety for Dialysis Patients
Authors: Rostoker Guy , Lepeytre Fanny , Merzoug Myriam , Griuncelli Mireille , Loridon Christelle , Boulahia Ghada , Cohen Yves
Published: July 2022

Anemia is a major complication of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and intravenous (IV) iron are the current backbone of anemia treatment in ESKD. Iron overload induced by IV iron is a potential clinical problem in dialysis patients. We compared the pharmacokinetics of liver accumulation of iron sucrose, currently used worldwide, with two third-generation IV irons (ferric carboxymaltose and iron isomaltoside). We hypothesized that better pharmacokinetics of newer irons could improve the safety of anemia management in ESKD. Liver iron concentration (LIC) was analyzed in 54 dialysis patients by magnetic resonance imaging under different modalities of iron therapy. LIC increased significantly in patients treated with 1.2 g or 2.4 g IV iron sucrose (p < 0.001, Wilcoxon test), whereas no significant increase was observed in patients treated with ferric carboxymaltose or iron isomaltoside (p > 0.05, Wilcoxon-test). Absolute differences in LIC reached 25 μmol/g in the 1.2 g iron sucrose group compared with only 5 μmol/g in the 1 g ferric carboxymaltose and 1 g iron isomaltoside groups (p < 0.0001, Kruskal–Wallis test). These results suggest the beneficial consequences of using ferric carboxymaltose or iron isomaltoside on liver structure in ESKD due to their pharmacokinetic ability to minimize iron overload.
Novel Esomeprazole Magnesium-Loaded Dual-Release Mini-Tablet Polycap: Formulation, Optimization, Characterization, and In Vivo Evaluation in Beagle Dogs
Authors: Kwon Taek Kwan , Kang Ji-Hyun , Na Sang-Beom , Kim Jae Ho , Kim Yong-Il , Kim Dong-Wook , Park Chun-Woong
Published: July 2022

Esomeprazole magnesium (EMP) is a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) that reduces acid secretion. EMP has a short plasma half-life (approximately 1.3 h); hence, nocturnal acid breakthrough (NAB) frequently occurs, disturbing the patient’s nighttime comfort and sleep. We aimed to develop a novel esomeprazole magnesium-loaded dual-release mini-tablet polycap (DR polycap) with a prolonged onset time and improved bioavailability to prevent NAB. The formulation of the EPM mini-tablet core resulted in rapid drug release. The core was coated with an inner coating and an Eudragit® L30D-55 aqueous dispersion coating to prepare the first-release mini-tablet. In addition, the core was coated with an inner coating and an aqueous dispersion of Eudragit® S100 and Eudragit® L100 coating to prepare the second-release mini-tablet. Each mini-tablet type was characterized using an in vitro dissolution test and microscopic examination. After testing, 10 of each mini-tablets were placed together in hard capsules to form DR polycaps. The combination of mini-tablets was optimized via in vitro release testing and in vivo pharmacokinetic studies. The AUC0–24h of the DR polycap was similar to that of a comparable commercial product (Nexium®); Cmax was lower by approximately 50%, and Tmax was extended by approximately 1.7-fold. In conclusion, DR polycap is an alternative to commercial products with improved NAB and dosing compliance because of its dual-release characteristics.
Mg2+ Ions Regulating 3WJ-PRNA to Construct Controllable RNA Nanoparticle Drug Delivery Platforms
Authors: Chen Le , Li Jingyuan
Published: July 2022

RNA nanotechnology has shown great progress over the past decade. Diverse controllable and multifunctional RNA nanoparticles have been developed for various applications in many areas. For example, RNA nanoparticles can participate in the construction of drug delivery nanoplatforms. Recently, a three-way junction packaging RNA (3WJ-pRNA) has been exploited for its characteristics of self-assembly and ultrahigh stability in many aspects. 3WJ-pRNA is the 3WJ part of bacteriophage φ29 pRNA and joins different components of φ29 as a linker element. In this work, we used all-atom MD simulation to study the thermal stability of 3WJ-pRNA and the underlying mechanisms. While 3WJ-pRNA can remain in its original structure without Mg2+ ions at room temperature, only Mg-bound 3WJ-pRNA still maintains its initial three-way junction structure at a higher temperature (T = 400 K). The Mg-free 3WJ-pRNA undergoes dramatic deformation under high temperature condition. The contribution of Mg ions can be largely attributed to the protective effect of two Mg clamps on the hydrogen bond and base stacking interactions in helices. Taken together, our results reveal the extraordinary thermal stability of 3WJ-pRNA, which can be regulated by Mg2+ ions. Comprehensive depictions of thermal stability of pRNA and the regulation mechanism are helpful for the further development of controllable RNA nanoparticle drug delivery platforms.
Caring for Whom? Racial Practices of Care and Liberal Constructivism
Authors: Bhandary Asha Leena
Published: July 2022

Inequalities in expectations to receive care permeate social structures, reinforcing racialized and gendered hierarchies. Harming the people who are overburdened and disadvantaged as caregivers, these inequalities also shape the subjectivities and corporeal habits of the class of people who expect to receive care from others. With three examples, I illustrate a series of justificatory asymmetries across gender and racial lines that illustrate (a) asymmetries in deference and attendance to the needs of others as well as (b) assertions of the rightful occupation of space. These justificatory asymmetries are cogent reasons to evaluate the justice of caregiving arrangements in a way that tracks data about who cares for whom, which can be understood by the concept of the arrow of care map. I suggest, therefore, that the arrow of care map is a necessary component of any critical care theory. In addition, employing a method called living counterfactually, I show that when women of color assert full claimant status, we are reversing arrows of care, which then elicits resistance and violence from varied actors in the real world. These considerations together contribute to further defense of the theory of liberal dependency care’s constructivism, which combines hypothetical acceptability with autonomy skills in the real world. Each level, in turn, relies on the transparency of care practices in the real world as enabled by the arrow of care map.
Study on Carbonization Characteristics and Deterioration Mechanism of Recycled Concrete with Tailings and Polypropylene Fiber
Authors: Li Tao , Zhan Meng , Chen Xiuyun , Xu Fan , Wang Sheliang , Liu Xinxin
Published: July 2022

To improve the deformation performance of recycled concrete with tailings (TRC), its carbonization characteristics and deterioration mechanism with different polypropylene fiber content were analyzed macroscopically and microscopically. The results showed that the fiber had little effect on the compressive strength, which increased first and then decreased, with the optimum content being 0.6%. The splitting tensile strength first increased and then tended to be stable, with the optimum dosage ranging from 0.6% to 0.9%. The more the content, the higher the peak strain and the lower the elastic modulus. The rising section of its constitutive curve changed little, while the falling section became more gentle. Carbonization made the relative dynamic elastic modulus change small with a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, and the optimum content was 0.6–0.9%. When the fiber content was small, the influence on the carbonization depth did not remain significant, but when it was large, the depth increased obviously, and this critical content was about 0.6%. Microscopically, through nuclear-magnetic resonance (NMR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, due to the strong tensioning effect of the fiber, when a small amount was added, the porosity and pore structure had not been significantly changed, so the impact on its resistance to carbonization was not obvious. However, after excessive addition, the interface transition zone (ITZ) between different materials became larger, resulting in a significant increase of its harmful cracks and a great impact on the anti-carbonization ability, with the optimal content being about 0.6%. This study provides a theoretical reference for the deformation performance improvement measure of TRC, which would be helpful for the rapid promotion and application of green concrete in engineering practice.
In Situ Observation of Shear-Induced Jamming Front Propagation during Low-Velocity Impact in Polypropylene Glycol/Fumed Silica Shear Thickening Fluids
Authors: Kurkin Anatoli , Lipik Vitali , Zhang Xin , Tok Alfred
Published: July 2022

Shear jamming, a relatively new type of phase transition from discontinuous shear thickening into a solid-like state driven by shear in dense suspensions, has been shown to originate from frictional interactions between particles. However, not all dense suspensions shear jam. Dense fumed silica colloidal systems have wide applications in the industry of smart materials from body armor to dynamic dampers due to extremely low bulk density and high colloid stability. In this paper, we provide new evidence of shear jamming in polypropylene glycol/fumed silica suspensions using optical in situ speed recording during low-velocity impact and explain how it contributes to impact absorption. Flow rheology confirmed the presence of discontinuous shear thickening at all studied concentrations. Calculations of the flow during impact reveal that front propagation speed is 3–5 times higher than the speed of the impactor rod, which rules out jamming by densification, showing that the cause of the drastic impact absorption is the shear jamming. The main impact absorption begins when the jamming front reaches the boundary, creating a solid-like plug under the rod that confronts its movement. These results provide important insights into the impact absorption mechanism in fumed silica suspensions with a focus on shear jamming.
Self-Jumping of a Liquid Crystal Elastomer Balloon under Steady Illumination
Authors: Ge Dali , Jin Jielin , Dai Yuntong , Xu Peibao , Li Kai
Published: July 2022

Self-oscillation capable of maintaining periodic motion upon constant stimulus has potential applications in the fields of autonomous robotics, energy-generation devices, mechano-logistic devices, sensors, and so on. Inspired by the active jumping of kangaroos and frogs in nature, we proposed a self-jumping liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) balloon under steady illumination. Based on the balloon contact model and dynamic LCE model, a nonlinear dynamic model of a self-jumping LCE balloon under steady illumination was formulated and numerically calculated by the Runge–Kutta method. The results indicated that there exist two typical motion regimes for LCE balloon under steady illumination: the static regime and the self-jumping regime. The self-jumping of LCE balloon originates from its expansion during contact with a rigid surface, and the self-jumping can be maintained by absorbing light energy to compensate for the damping dissipation. In addition, the critical conditions for triggering self-jumping and the effects of several key system parameters on its frequency and amplitude were investigated in detail. The self-jumping LCE hollow balloon with larger internal space has greater potential to carry goods or equipment, and may open a new insight into the development of mobile robotics, soft robotics, sensors, controlled drug delivery, and other miniature device applications.
Exploratory Research on Drainage Structure of Highway Tunnel Based on Reducing the Risk of Crystallization Blockage
Authors: Liu Shiyang , Zhang Xuefu , Chen Xiangge , Wang Cheng , Chen Yuchi
Published: July 2022

Crystal blockages of tunnel drainage systems severely undermine the tunnel lining structure and operation safety. In order to reduce the risk of crystal blockages of tunnel drainage systems, the distribution of highway tunnel defects was identified through a field survey, indoor test, and literature analysis, and an optimization method of tunnel drainage structures was proposed. The research suggested the following: (1) Lining water leakage and construction joint water leakage were the most common defects in the tunnel drainage system of Renhua–Xinfeng Expressway and Yingde–Huaiji Expressway in Guangdong Province, accounting for 60% and 32% of total defects, respectively. The number of defects that occurred in the drainage system of the tunnel was larger in the granite formation, with the number of road seepage and inspection chamber crystallization incidents reaching 2.5/km and 2.8/km, respectively. (2) The groundwater was mainly alkaline with a pH value of 8~12, Ca2+ (107 mg/L) was the cation with the largest ion concentration, and HCO3− (165 mg/L) was the anion with the largest ion concentration. The crystals in the tunnel drainage system were predominantly square, spindle, and rhombic calcite and aragonite composed of CaCO3, mixed with a small amount of sediment. (3) To reduce the risk of crystal blockages of the tunnel drainage system and ensure tunnel lining structure safety, a threefold optimization measure was proposed, namely, setting one-directional drainage pipes between the cable trench and the roadside blind drainage ditch, applying “π” type anti-crystallization drainage water-stop belts at the circular construction joints in the secondary lining, and both increasing the slope of the transverse drainage pipe and using an anti-crystallization drainage pipe. The research results will play an important role in guiding the design, construction, and maintenance of highway tunnel drainage systems in China.
Tinjauan Hukum Islam dan Positif Terhadap Perlindungan Perempuan dalam Proses Perceraian; Studi Kasus Dr. Letty
Authors: Fitriani Nurul Azizah
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted in relation to the provisions of protection by the state for women who are going through the divorce process, who often face risks that can threaten the safety of their lives. This study was conducted using a qualitative-library approach, to analyze the provisions of state law on the protection of women during the divorce process and protection efforts in the perspective of Islamic law and positive law. The results of this study indicate that legal protection for women has been regulated in Law no. 23 of 2004 concerning the Elimination of Domestic Violence. The government's efforts in dealing with Domestic Violence are formulating policies to eliminate domestic violence, providing information, communication and education as well as conducting socialization on domestic violence, providing gender-sensitive education and training.Studi ini dilakukan terkait ketentuan perlindungan oleh negara terhadap wanita yang sedang menjalani proses perceraian, yang tidak jarang  mendapat  risiko yang dapat mengancam keselamatan jiwanya.  Studi ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-kepustakaan, untuk menganalisis tentang ketentuan hukum Negara terhadap perlindungan perempuan selama proses perceraian dan upaya perlindungan dalam perspektif hukum Islam dan hukum Positif. Hasil  studi ini menunjukkan   bahwa   pelindungan   hukum terhadap  perempuan tersebut telah diatur dalam dalam  Undang-undang No. 23   Tahun   2004   Tentang Penghapusan   Kekerasan   Dalam   Rumah   Tangga. Adapun upaya pemerintah dalam menghadapi Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga ialah merumuskan kebijakan penghapusan KDRT, menyelenggarakan informasi, komunikasi dan edukasi serta menyelenggarakan sosialisasi tentang KDRT, menyelenggarakan pendidikan dan pelatihan sensitif gender.
Reseñas
Authors: Wasserman Martín L. E. , Presta Ana María , Oliveto Lía Guillermina , Pimenta João Paulo , Mitidieri Gabriela , Mauro Diego , Lorenz Federico
Published: July 2022

Reseña de Freeman, David (2020). A Silver River in a Silver World. Dutch Trade in the Río de la Plata, 1648-1678, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 226 pp. Por MARTÍN WASSERMAN.

 

Reseña de Sica, Gabriela (2019). Del Pukara al Pueblo de indios. La sociedad indígena colonial en Jujuy, Argentina. Siglo XVII al XIX. Córdoba: PHR-Ferreyra Editor, 490 pp. Por ANA MARÍA PRESTA Y LÍA GUILLERMINA OLIVETO.

 

Reseña de Ternavasio, Marcela (2021). Los juegos de la política. Las independencias hispanoamericanas frente a la contrarrevolución. Buenos Aires, Zaragoza: Siglo Veintiuno, Prensas de la Universidad de Zaragoza, 258 pp. Por JOÃO PAULO PIMENTA.

 

Reseña de Candioti, Magdalena (2021). Una historia de la emancipación negra. Esclavitud y abolición en la Argentina. Buenos Aires: Ed. Siglo XXI, 270 pp. Por GABRIELA MITIDIERI.

 

Reseña de Cruz Romeo, María; Salomón, María Pilar y Tabanera, Nuria (Eds.) (2021). Católicos, reaccionarios y nacionalistas. Política e identidad nacional en Europa y América latina contemporáneas. Granada: Comares, 242 pp. Por DIEGO MAURO.

 

Reseña de González Bernaldo de Quirós, Pilar; Amar, Marianne y Lavabre, Marie-Claire (Dirs.) (2020). Migraciones y museos. Una aproximación global. Rosario: Prohistoria Ediciones, 194 pp. Por FEDERICO LORENZ.
Simulasi Simulasi Ekstraksi Fitur Suara menggunakan Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient
Authors: Santoso Santoso , Hartayu Ratna , Anam Choirul , Dimas Abdul Aziz
Published: July 2022

Berbicara adalah cara komunikasi yang paling mudah dan banyak digunakan antara manusia. Pengembangan antarmuka komputer manusia untuk membangun dialog serupa antara mesin dan manusia adalah inspirasi di balik sistem pengenalan suara. Salah satu algoritma tersebut adalah koefisien Cepstral frekuensi Mel. Makalah ini menjelaskan semua tahapan teknik MFCC bersama dengan deskripsi singkat dari setiap proses. Dalam penelitian ini dijelaskan salah satu metode alternatif analisa pengenalan suara. Program simulasi menggunakan python. Penelitian ini menghasilkan analisa simulasi perubahan data sinyal suara, menggambarkan implementasi pengenalan pola suara. Dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan metode filter hamming window, fast fourier transform(FFT) dan MFCC
Two-Stage Solar Flare Forecasting Based on Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Chen Jun , Li Weifu , Li Shuxin , Chen Hong , Zhao Xuebin , Peng Jiangtao , Chen Yanhong , Deng Hao
Published: July 2022

Solar flares are solar storm events driven by the magnetic field in the solar activity area. Solar flare, often associated with solar proton event or CME, has a negative impact on ratio communication, aviation, and aerospace. Therefore, its forecasting has attracted much attention from the academic community. Due to the limitation of the unbalanced distribution of the observation data, most techniques failed to effectively learn complex magnetic field characteristics, leading to poor forecasting performance. Through the statistical analysis of solar flare magnetic map data observed by SDO/HMI from 2010 to 2019, we find that unsupervised clustering algorithms have high accuracy in identifying the sunspot group in which the positive samples account for the majority. Furthermore, for these identified sunspot groups, the ensemble model that integrates the capability of boosting and convolutional neural network (CNN) achieves high-precision prediction of whether the solar flares will occur in the next 48 hours. Based on the above findings, a two-stage solar flare early warning system is established in this paper. The F1 score of our method is 0.5639, which shows that it is superior to the traditional methods such as logistic regression and support vector machine (SVM).
Learning to Localize Cross-Anatomy Landmarks in X-Ray Images with a Universal Model
Authors: Zhu Heqin , Yao Qingsong , Xiao Li , Zhou S. Kevin
Published: July 2022

Objective and Impact Statement
. In this work, we develop a universal anatomical landmark detection model which learns once from multiple datasets corresponding to different anatomical regions. Compared with the conventional model trained on a single dataset, this universal model not only is more light weighted and easier to train but also improves the accuracy of the anatomical landmark location.
Introduction
. The accurate and automatic localization of anatomical landmarks plays an essential role in medical image analysis. However, recent deep learning-based methods only utilize limited data from a single dataset. It is promising and desirable to build a model learned from different regions which harnesses the power of big data.
Methods
. Our model consists of a local network and a global network, which capture local features and global features, respectively. The local network is a fully convolutional network built up with depth-wise separable convolutions, and the global network uses dilated convolution to enlarge the receptive field to model global dependencies.
Results
. We evaluate our model on four 2D X-ray image datasets totaling 1710 images and 72 landmarks in four anatomical regions. Extensive experimental results show that our model improves the detection accuracy compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Conclusion
. Our model makes the first attempt to train a single network on multiple datasets for landmark detection. Experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively show that our proposed model performs better than other models trained on multiple datasets and even better than models trained on a single dataset separately.
Air/Water Stability Problems and Solutions for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Yang Ming , Chen Liquan , Li Hong , Wu Fan
Published: July 2022

Recently, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have faced bottlenecks in terms of energy/power density and safety issues caused by flammable electrolytes. In this regard, all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) may be one of the most promising solutions. However, many key battery materials (such as solid electrolytes (SEs), cathodes, and anodes) are unstable to air/water, which greatly limits their production, storage, transportation, practical applications, and the development of ASSBs. Herein, the research status on air/water stability of SEs, cathodes, and anodes is reviewed. The mechanisms for their air/water instability are revealed in details. The corresponding modification methods are also proposed, with emphasis on the construction strategies of air/water stable protective layers, including ex situ coatings and in situ reactions. Moreover, the application of air/water-stable protective layers in ASSBs is discussed correspondingly. Last but not least, the advantages and disadvantages of various protective layer construction strategies are analyzed, in which their applications in practical production are prospected.
lncRNA HITT Inhibits Lactate Production by Repressing PKM2 Oligomerization to Reduce Tumor Growth and Macrophage Polarization
Authors: Zhao Kunming , Wang Xingwen , Zhao Dong , Lin Qingyu , Zhang Yi , Hu Ying
Published: July 2022

Lactic acid acidifies the tumor microenvironment and promotes multiple critical oncogenic processes, including immune evasion. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is a dominant form of pyruvate kinase (PK) expressed in cancers that plays essential roles in metabolic reprograming and lactate production, rendering it as an attractive therapeutic target of cancer. However, the mechanism underlying PKM2 regulation remains unclear. Here, we show that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) HIF-1
α
inhibitor at transcription level (HITT) inhibits lactate production in a PKM2-dependent manner. Mechanistically, it physically interacts with PKM2 mapped to a region that has been involved in both dimer (less-active) and tetramer (more-active) formation, inhibiting PKM2 oligomerization and leading to dramatic reduction of PK activity. Under glucose starvation, HITT was reduced as a result of miR-106 induction, which subsequently facilitates PKM2 oligomerization and increases vulnerability to apoptosis under glucose starvation stress. In addition, the interaction also reduces lactate secretion from cancer cells, which subsequently polarizes macrophages toward an M2-like anti-inflammatory phenotype and thus possibly contributes to immune escape
in vivo
. This study highlights an important role of an lncRNA in regulating PKM2 activity and also reveals a metabolic regulatory effect of PKM2 on macrophage polarization.
Combined Funtumia africana and Abutilon mauritianum Extract Improves Haematological and Antioxidant Parameters in Androgen-Induced Prostate Hyperplasia in Rats
Authors: Ikechukwu Uroko Robert , Ijioma Solomon Nnah , Chukwu Charles Nnanna , Ajah Obinna , Uko Ogwo Elisha
Published: July 2022

This study assessed the effects of combined Funtumia africana and Abutilon mauritianum (CFAAM) leaves on haematological and antioxidant parameters of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) induced rats. The study was divided into 5 groups with 6 rats in each group. Group 1 contained the standard control, while group 2 comprised BPH-induced rats that received no treatment. Group 3 had BPH induced rats treated with 5 mg/kg finasteride, whereas groups 4 and 5 consisted of BPH induced rats treated with 200 and 600 mg/kg body weight of CFAAM, respectively. BPH in the rats was induced by daily subcutaneous administration of 5 mg/kg testosterone propionate over a period of 28 days, while treatments with either Finasteride or CFAAM were via the oral route. The obtained results showed a significant (P<0.05) decline in the haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), and platelet counts in the BPH-induced untreated rats compared to the normal control. Glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities also declined significantly (P<0.05) in the BPH-induced rats compared to the normal control. Further, treatment with CFAAM significantly reversed the observed haematological and antioxidant anomalies in the BPH induced rats, but their total white blood cell (WBC) and differential WBC count values were not significantly altered (P>0.05). These findings suggested that CFAAM maintains a healthy haematological profile and improves the levels of antioxidant parameters under BPH conditions; furthermore, it may be of value in the search for new agents for inhibiting the development and progression of BPH.
Iron Chelating Activity of Nepeta Crispa Willd., an Endemic Plant in the West of Iran
Authors: Ranjbaran Parisa , Moradkhani Shirin
Published: July 2022

Background: Nepeta crispa Willd., a member of Lamiaceae family, is an annual plant native to western Iran, especially Hamedan, with many traditional uses. The plant effects have not been investigated yet. Iron chelating activity is a suitable test for measuring antioxidant activity. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate Iron-chelating activity of extract, fractions, and essential oil of the N. crispa, in vitro. Methods: The methanolic extract of N. crispa was prepared adopting maceration method. Then, the total methanolic extract was fractionated using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger-type apparatus. Chelating activity of total extract, each fraction and essential oil of N. crispa on Fe2+ ions was determined using Iron-chelating assay. EDTA was employed as positive control. Results: EDTA as positive control had the best activity with IC50=0.02±0.001 mg/mL, and ascorbic acid came second in this regard (IC50=0.386±0.021 mg/mL). The hexane fraction was the most active fraction among the different fractions of N. crispa (IC50=0.435±0.032 mg/mL). Chelating activity of hexane fraction was followed by aqueous, ethyl acetate, chloroform fractions, and methanolic extract with ICs50 of 1.433±0.098, 2.158±0.074 mg/mL, 3.624±0.112, and 3.051±0.174, respectively. The essential oil showed extremely poor activity in the tested concentrations. Conclusion: It was concluded that the n-hexane fraction had promising Iron chelating activity, and was likely capable of reducing Fe2+ ions concentration and preventing oxidative damage.
Intolerance to Milk Lactose, Diagnostic Tests and Dietary Management: A Recent Update
Authors: Shafi Azra , Husain Qayyum
Published: July 2022

Lactose intolerance is a common pathology that occurs due to the reduced activity of β-galactosidase leaving undigested lactose in the intestine. About 70% of the world population suffers from this condition. The gastro intestinal symptoms associated with this condition are diarrhoea, pain, nausea, bloating, flatulence, etc. It has been reported that these individuals are at a risk of developing several other pathologies like irritable bowel disease, osteoporosis, etc. Hence, proper diagnosis and treatment is essential for dealing with this condition. Various methods are used for providing an accurate diagnosis, such as hydrogen breath test (HBT), lactose intolerance test, genetic test, intestinal biopsy, etc. Depending on the type of intolerance, several methods are adopted for treating it, such as replacing enzyme, using exogenous enzymes, following lactose free diet, as well as consuming prebiotics and probiotics. Different methods are applied to synthesize lactose free dairy products to help lactose intolerant individuals suffering from important vitamins and minerals deprivation. Recently, plant-based milks are also used as a substitute for providing calcium and vitamins. The last few years have seen improvement in the quality and availability of lactose-free dairy products offering tempting foodstuffs to consumers. This narrative article aimed to review the existing science on lactose intolerance, along with its epidemiology, diagnosis, and clinical management.
Evidencing the Need to Broaden the Position of Trust Legislation to Include Sports Coaches
Authors: Rhind Daniel , Fellows Andrew , Davies Emily
Published: July 2022

When an individual is in a position of trust over another person, the age of consent is raised from 16 to 18 in the United Kingdom. Currently, the definition of a Position of Trust is restricted to professions such as teachers, care workers and youth justice workers. Recent high-profile cases have contributed to a growing consensus amongst key stakeholders of the need to broaden this legislation to include other roles, such as a sports coach. This study represents the first investigation into the number of concerns recorded by local authorities across England and Wales regarding sexual relationships between a person who is in a potential Position of Trust which is not currently covered by the legislation and someone who was aged 16 or 17 years old. Freedom of Information Requests resulted in full responses from 142 out of the 172 local authorities. A total of 653 cases were recorded over a 4-year period. The most prevalent of the identified roles were related to sport, however, roles related to religion, youth work, transport and uniform services were also cited. Regional differences regarding the number of cases recorded are highlighted and the implications of these findings are discussed.
Development and Validation of College Learning Community Programs Scales
Authors:   Korean Society for  Holistic Convergence Education, Lim Hyejin , Lee Moonsoo
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to measure learning community participant competence, managing the quality of the extracurricular program. By reviewed the previous studies, a measurement category for learning community performance was selected and content validity was conducted. The preliminary survey was conducted with 233 participants in the learning community in the first semester of 2021, and the main survey was conducted with 311 participants in the learning community in the second semester of 2021. The reliability of the scale was high and confirmatory factor analysis found that those extracted constructs were valid by showing good fit indices. The instrument developed a 20-item scale of learning community competence which consisted of four factors including self-directed learning competence, communication competence, interpersonal competence, and problem-solving competence.
FINANCIAL LITERACY ON INDIVIDUAL INVESTMENT DECISIONS THROUGH INCOME PERSPECTIVES AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON UNMARRIED EMPLOYEES IN DENPASAR CITY
Authors: Vini Elfarosa Ketut , Yasa I Ketut , Parnata I Ketut
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to explain the effect of financial literacy level and sociodemographic factors on individual investment decision behavior. Research respondents are unmarried employees in Denpasar City with a sample of 83 people. Determination of the sample using nonprobability sampling with an accidental sampling approach. Data were analyzed using the Multiple Linear Regression Analysis technique. The results of this study indicate that the level of financial literacy has a positive effect on the behavior of individual investment decisions, there are differences in the effect between males and females on the behavior of individual investment decisions and income has a negative effect on the behavior of individual investment decisions.
The effects of consumer clothes design engagement on brand love
and loyalty
Authors: ÖZBEK AHMET , TOR-KADIOĞLU CANSU
Published: July 2022

This study aims to investigate the effect of consumer engagement in the clothing industry on brand love and brand
loyalty. Besides social peer influence was added to the model as an independent variable affecting loyalty and consumer
engagement. In line with the research purpose, a model was developed that demonstrates the effect of consumer
engagement on brand loyalty and brand love. Data were obtained from 399 consumers through a questionnaire
designed to test the developed model. The variables in the established model were tested with confirmatory factor
analysis. Hypotheses were tested with path analysis in the AMOS structural equation model. Consumer engagement in
the design of clothes has positive effects on attitudinal loyalty and behavioural loyalty. No conclusion that consumer
engagement leads to brand love. According to the results, behavioural loyalty leads to brand love. However, this feeling
of consumers who show attitudinal loyalty is not effective on their brand loves. The variable that triggers consumers to
engage in product design is the social peer effect