bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of multiple sclerosis on cortical brain stiffness.
Authors: Herthum Helge , Silva Rafaela , Morr Anna , Shahryari Mehrgan , Anders Matthias , Safraou Yasmine , Hetzer Stefan , Braun Jürgen , Scheel Michael , Paul Friedemann , Infante-Duarte Carmen , Sack Ingolf
Published: August 2024

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disease that affects both white matter and cortical areas. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can image pathological changes in the white matter, it is limited in quantifying cortical tissue damage in MS. Therefore, cerebral 3D-MR elastography based on multifrequency wave excitation and tomoelastography postprocessing was developed to measure cortical stiffness. We found that the cerebral cortex in MS patients is markedly softer than global brain matter and deep gray matter indicating the use of cerebral tomoelastography as a potential new imaging marker for monitoring MS disability.
Development of in vivo human brain multifrequency DTIMRE (mDTIMRE)
Authors: Lin Shujun , Sutton Bradley , Magin Richard , Anderson Aaron , Klatt Dieter
Published: August 2024

Simultaneous acquisition of diffusion tensor imaging and multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography was examined in this preliminary study on in vivo human brain. The mDTIMRE was achieved by ensuring the same diffusion encoding using experiment parameters with different mechanical frequencies, while fulfilling the timing condition of simultaneous acquisition. By applying a multifrequency dual elasto-visco inversion approach, the effective image resolution of mechanical property maps is improved and enables quantitatively assessment of tissue properties in brain sub-regions. The experiment results show a good correlation between mDTIMRE and conventional measurements.
Transversely Isotropic MR Elastography with a Power Law Multi-Frequency Reconstruction
Authors: Caban-Rivera Diego , Van Houten Elijah , McGarry Matthew , Williams L. , Bayly Phil , Paulsen Keith , Johnson Curtis
Published: August 2024

This study combined multiexcitation MRE (ME-MRE), and multifrequency MRE (MF-MRE) with a transversely isotropic nonlinear inversion (TINLI) and axonal fiber directions from diffusion tensor imaging to investigate anisotropic and frequency-dependent material properties simultaneously. These preliminary results show that multifrequency-TINLI MRE can be readily applied to in vivo human data at distinct frequencies.
Improved Brain MRE Performance on a Compact, Lightweight 3T Scanner with High-Performance Gradients
Authors: Sui Yi , Murphy Matthew , Yin Ziying , Glaser Kevin , Ehman Richard , Bernstein Matt , Huston John , Shu Yunhong
Published: August 2024

We conducted a direct comparison of Brain MRE performance between a compact, lightweight 3T scanner (C3T) and a whole-body scanner (WB3T). We demonstrate in phantom and volunteers that the C3T scanner provides superior image quality and scanning efficiency for commonly performed brain MRE pulse sequences, especially for higher-resolution scanning.
Mesenteric Adipose Tissue in Crohn’s Disease assessed by in vivo MR Elastography
Authors: Reiter Rolf , Loch Florian , Kamphues Carsten , Shahryari Mehrgan , Garcia Stephan Marticorena , Siegmund Britta , Weidinger Carl , Kühl Anja , Hamm Bernd , Braun Jürgen , Sack Ingolf , Asbach Patrick , Jensen Laura
Published: August 2024

Despite increasing evidence that the functional involvement and structural changes of mesenteric adipose tissue influence the course of Crohn's disease, its viscoelastic properties remain elusive. We demonstrate the feasibility of in vivo MR elastography of mesenteric adipose tissue and present preliminary reference values for Crohn's disease patients and healthy controls in this explorative study. Our preliminary results show an excellent diagnostic performance in detecting Crohn's disease by assessing the viscoelastic properties of mesenteric adipose tissue using histopathology of surgical specimens as reference. Our results motivate further studies for the biophysical characterization of mesenteric adipose tissue in inflammatory bowel disease.
Simultaneously Applying Multiple Diffusion Models to Predict Histologic Grade of Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Guo Junting , Zhang Lu , Li Shuo , Li Ding , Fan Zhichang , Chen Meining , Yang Guoqiang , Li Yan , Wang Le , Wang Bin , Wang Xiaochun
Published: August 2024

Tumor grading is the most important single prognostic factor for bladder urothelial carcinoma. In this study, we compared 5 diffusion models for assessing low- and high-grade in bladder urothelial carcinoma, including continuous-time random-walk (CTRW), incoherent motion within the voxel (IVIM), stretched exponential model (SEM), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and fractional-order calculus (FROC). The study found that CTRW_D, DKI_Dapp, DKI_Kapp, FROC_D, IVIM_D and SEM_DDC were significantly different between low- and high-grade bladder urothelial carcinoma and could distinguish one from the other.
Determination of optimal parameters for accelerated whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) using simultaneous multi-slice (SMS)
Authors: Keaveney Sam , Dragan Alina , Hughes Julie , Rata Mihaela , Benkert Thomas , Messiou Christina , Koh Dow-Mu , Winfield Jessica
Published: August 2024

Simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) has the potential to accelerate whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI). This work presents quantitative and qualitative assessment of SMS image quality in phantoms and healthy volunteers, as a strategy to determine the optimal parameters for the clinical application of a research application SMS sequence. An SMS factor of 2 and a moderately reduced TR did not introduce significant bias to ADC measurements. The reduction in SNR for these acquisitions was statistically, but not clinically, significant. These parameters offer time savings of up to 24% with respect to non-SMS settings and should be investigated further in a patient population.
Time-dependence of perfusion fraction with flow-compensated intravoxel incoherent motion MRI in the brain
Authors: Rosenqvist Louise , Montelius Mikael , Ljungberg Maria , Jalnefjord Oscar
Published: August 2024

Using IVIM imaging for completely non-invasive perfusion MRI is gaining popularity. IVIM perfusion assessment depends not only on capillary network characteristics, but also on diffusion encoding-time. In this study, a flow-compensated pulse sequence with variable encoding-time was implemented and validated through phantom measurements, and subsequently used to study the encoding-time dependence of IVIM perfusion fraction in human brain tissue. Initial findings indicate a decrease in perfusion fraction as encoding-time increases.
Reproducible DL-based approach for liver PDFF quantification
Authors: Meneses Juan , Arrieta Cristobal , Irarrazaval Pablo , Tejos Cristian , Andía Marcelo , Long Carlos Sing , Uribe Sergio
Published: August 2024

Liver PDFF is a biomarker correlated with hepatic pathologies. Recently, several Deep Learning (DL) methods have been proposed to accelerate the necessary post-processing to estimate PDFF. However, none of these techniques had been assessed in terms of bias and precision, as suggested by the ISMRM quantitative MR study group. We propose a two-stages framework denoted Variable Echo Times neural Network (VET-Net), which considers multi-echo MR images and their echo times to estimate PDFF. VET-Net showed a bias of -1.35% when tested over a multi-site phantom dataset, and a within-standard deviation of 0.81% over liver MR images with different TEs.
Deep-learning and feature selection for fast, quantitative and specific CEST imaging
Authors: Maguin Cecile , Flament Julien
Published: August 2024

We propose an artificial neural network combined with a feature selection scheme for fast, quantitative CEST imaging, designed for specificity. Our NN was evaluated on glucose phantoms and glutamate/glucose mixed phantoms and goes beyond performances of classical fittings approaches.
DeepMRS-Net: QUANTIFICATION OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY MEGA-PRESS DATA USING DEEP LEARNING
Authors: Wu Christopher , Guo Jia
Published: August 2024

Quantification of metabolites in the human brain in vivo from magnetic resonance spectra (MRS) has many applications in medicine and psychology, but it remains a challenging task despite considerable research efforts. In this paper, we propose quantification of metabolites from MEGA-PRESS data using deep learning through an unsupervised learning approach. A regression framework based on the Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is introduced for estimation of spectral parameters including the relative concentrations of metabolites, line-broadening, and zero-order phase. The results show that the model is capable of reliably fitting in vivo data.
Spatial Distortion from Leksell G-frame for Stereotactic Neurosurgery at 1.5T and 3T
Authors: Seunarine Kiran , Tisdall Martin , De Vita Enrico
Published: August 2024

Stereo electroencephalography (sEEG) is a valuable tool for localising seizure-onset zones in focal epilepsy. Pre-surgical planning typically combines CT images, which have little spatial distortion, with MRI images, which have improved cerebral tissue contrast. However, the use of CT results in a potentially unnecessary radiation dose to the patient and additional demand on radiology services. In this work, we assess the additional distortion caused by the stereotactic Leksell G-frame in a single healthy volunteer at both 1.5T and 3T. We show that distortion is <1mm in 99.6% of the brain volume at 3T.
Mixed brain perfusion pattern and its association with epilepsy duration: The application of arterial spin labeling in older people with epilepsy
Authors: Yin Xuyang , Wang Jianhong , Zeng Yanwei , Xiao Zhenxu , Fu Junyan , Zhao Qianhua , Ding Ding , Zhang Jun
Published: August 2024

The early identification, evaluation and intervention are important for older people with epilepsy, which calls for techniques of high convenience, repeatability and practicality in clinical application. By applying arterial spin labeling (ASL), we detected perfusion differences between older people with epilepsy and healthy controls on whole-brain voxel-based level, and conducted linear regression between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and duration of epilepsy. Our findings revealed a mixed perfusion pattern for older people with epilepsy, and the significant correlation between CBF and duration of epilepsy. Therefore, ASL has potential value in early diagnosis and evaluation of seizure activity and severity for epilepsy.
Realistic human head phantoms for 7T sequence development, parallel transmission & spectroscopy methodology
Authors: Brunheim Sascha , Völzke Yannik , Dubbins Astrid , Pracht Eberhard , Stöcker Tony
Published: August 2024

An optimized human head phantom design for 7 Tesla field strength and its standardized fabrication process is presented. Two different phantom versions were produced: The first gel-only version can be set up quickly and provided realistic T1 and T2 values for its brain, muscle, and lipid compartments. The second version, with its liquid brain compartment containing several metabolites, can be utilized for spectroscopy sequence development. With the 3D model and the validated recipes mimicking head and brain tissue, extensions to other applications can be more easily achieved, such as system characterization, diffusion weighted imaging, or realistic flow phantoms.
Robust Resolution Improvement of UTE-MR Angiogram using 3D Super-Resolution Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Tessema Abel Worku , Cho HyungJoon
Published: August 2024

UTE-MRA is used to visualize the vasculature of the body. But the visibility of smaller blood vessels is highly dependent on the resolution which requires a long scanning time. We applied a customized 3D-SRGAN network on UTE-MRA data to increase the resolution and have achieved a structural similarity, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and mean squared error of 0.932, 32.001, and 0.00064 respectively compared with the ground truth high-resolution data. The proposed method performed better than 3D-SRGAN and cubic spline interpolation and can be used reduce the scanning time significantly and provide better image quality.
Toward the development of a B0 gradientless MRI system: Frequency-encoded Frequency-modulated Rabi Encoded Echoes.
Authors: Torres Efraín , Jenkins Parker , Idiyatullin Djaudat , Froelich Taylor , DelaBarre Lance , Pizetta Daniel , Marcolan Julia , Tannus Alberto , Garwood Michael
Published: August 2024

Frequency-encoded Frequency-modulated Rabi Encoded Echoes (FE-FREE) is a new method to perform spatial encoding using a B1 field gradient. FE-FREE is analogous to conventional frequency-encoding with a B0 gradient, except a B1 gradient is used. A first demonstration of FE-FREE is shown using the B1 gradient of a surface coil in a 0.5 T magnet with large B0 inhomogeneity (±3 ppm). Frequency encoding with FE-FREE is one approach that in the future might enable low cost MRI scanners without B0 gradient hardware and infrastructure.
Pilot Tone vs pTx Scattering: A Comparison between ‘RF Sensor’ Methods for Rigid Body Motion Detection of the Brain at 7T
Authors: Kent James , Valkovič Ladislav , Dragonu Iulius , Chiew Mark , Hess Aaron
Published: August 2024

RF sensor methods for motion correction require no (or minimal) additional hardware, are sequence independent and have high temporal resolution. Several RF sensor-based methods for rigid-body head motion detection have been demonstrated but which method offers the most sensitivity to motion is yet unknown. We aim to compare the sensitivity of PT and pTxS methods by simultaneously measuring these signals during continuous motion, training a linear model from EPI registered images and analysing the ability to predict rigid head positions. Currently, we see little difference in their ability to predict rigid head motion but further investigation is needed.
High-Performance FPGA-based Accelerator using Random Projection for pMRI method
Authors: Naeem Nimra , Inam Omair , Basit Abdul , Omer Hammad , Gul Tayaba
Published: August 2024

The random projection method reduces the dimensionality of the data to provide attractive computational advantages in the collection and processing of high-dimensional signals. In literature, it has been successfully applied for the pMRI method i.e., GRAPPA. This paper introduces a very sparse random projection matrix with the same statistical efficiency as dense matrix. The proposed method is implemented on FPGA (working with on-chip processor) device to speed up the GRAPPA reconstruction process. The reconstruction results for in vivo 30 channel human cardiac data set show 6x speed up with little loss in accuracy.
The Multi-Class Segmentation of the Human Cerebral Vasculature in TOF-MRA: A Supervised Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Fathy Karim , Dumais Felix , Côté Samantha , Frederick Blaise , Whittingstall Kevin
Published: August 2024

Currently, there is no accurate fully automated multi-class method to segment the whole cerebral arterial tree in time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA). We developed an artificial intelligence based software tool to identify cerebral arteries in TOF-MRAs. We trained a neural network on a TOF-MRA dataset and labeled the cerebral arterial tree using different image processing techniques. Our software tool is fast and reliable, with no human intervention, and allows for the conduction of large-scale TOF-MRA studies while being versatile in segmenting a diverse set of TOF-MRAs.
Detecting Spine Movements with a Navigator Echo for Motion Correction of Spinal Cord fMRI
Authors: Chu Ying , Finsterbusch Jürgen
Published: August 2024

Motion correction is crucial for functional neuroimaging, however, not straightforward for applications in the cervical spinal cord because its shape, size, and inner structure barely vary along the cord’s axis. Previous spinal cord fMRI studies involved motion correction in this direction based on the vertebral disks visible in the fMRI acquisitions but for transverse slices, this approach suffers from a low spatial resolution (slice thickness typically 3.5mm or more). Here, a columnar navigator positioned along the spine is used to detect spine movements with a high spatial resolution that could be used for motion correction of spinal cord fMRI.
Principal component subspace reconstruction for compressed sensing of radial quantitative MRI.
Authors: Paajanen Antti , Nykänen Olli , Kolehmainen Ville , Nissi Mikko
Published: August 2024

Quantitative MRI offers unique opportunities for compressed sensing reconstructions because the signal evolution is known. Here we compare a principal component subspace reconstruction to a standard total-variation regularized compressed sensing approach with a 3-D radial variable flip angle simulation data. The simulation data allows us to measure only the effect of the chosen reconstruction. The subspace approach consistently yields similar or better image quality and does not seem to require contrast dimension regularization to achieve it.
In Vivo Imaging of LC-NE Integrity: Mechanisms Underlying Heath Disparity for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ding Yu-Shin , Wang Jiacheng , Mikheev Artem , chen jingyun , Babb James
Published: August 2024

Although blacks are at 2-3 times higher prevalence rate of developing AD, blacks have been under-included in many prominent AD clinical trials. The current biomarker classification system (ATN) can’t explain the increased prevalence in blacks of both AD and vascular risk factors for AD such as diabetes and hypertension when compared to whites. Our decade-long PET/MR studies have demonstrated a special vulnerability of locus coeruleus (LC) to aging and stress. Our recent study showed that a faster decline of LC function occurs in blacks. Thus, imaging LC represents a novel biomarker approach to mechanisms underlying health disparity for AD.
Optic nerve thickening on high-resolution MRI predicts early-stage postlaminar optic nerve invasion of retinoblastoma.
Authors: de Bloeme Christiaan , van Elst Sabien , Göricke Sophia , de Graaf Pim , de Jong Marcus
Published: August 2024

Two radiologists with different levels of experience measured the anterior optic nerve to predict postlaminar optic nerve invasion (PLONI) in retinoblastoma. In addition, quantitative measurements were performed using a deep-learning method 3D U-net. The results showed that measurements performed by the radiologists had an AUC of 0.88 for the detection of PLONI, while the preliminary results of the quantitative approach had an AUC of 0.63. Both methods show promising results to predict early-stage PLONI in retinoblastoma patients.
Probing the diffusion of water and intracellular metabolites to assess white matter microstructure in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Govaarts Rosanne , Doorenweerd Nathalie , Broek Emma , Tamsma Maud , Ronen Itamar , Najac Chloé , Hollingsworth Kieren , Niks Erik , Straub Volker , Kan Hermien
Published: August 2024

Besides motor impairment, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients experience cognitive and behavioural symptoms. Altered white matter microstructure has been shown with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in this population. Here, we combined single volume 1H diffusion-weighted spectroscopy (DWS) and DTI to disentangle intra- and extracellular contributions. Mean apparent diffusion coefficients of N-acetyl aspartate, choline, and creatine were comparable between DMD patients and healthy controls. In the same volume, DMD patients showed increased mean water diffusivity. This suggests that altered white matter microstructure is likely due to extracellular, rather than intracellular, changes.
Myelin water and T1 mapping of lesions and normal appearing white matter in young adults with neonatal brain injury
Authors: Drottar Marie , Zhao Yansong , Bauer Corinna
Published: August 2024

This study used myelin water fraction (MWF) and geometric mean T2 time of the intra- and extra-cellular water fraction (IET2) derived from a multi-spin echo sequence with compressed sensing (METRICS)2, as well as T1 mapping derived from MP1RAGE to evaluate the long-term changes in myelination and white matter integrity in youths with neonatal brain injury. We observed significant differences in T1 values and IET2 of the normal appearing white matter, but not in the white matter lesions in a population of young adults with neonatal brain injury compared to controls.
Altered cerebellar lobular volumes correlate with neurodevelopment and cognitive scores in children with ASD and ASD-siblings at an early age
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Hiremath Chandrakanta , Bansal Eshita , Khokhar Sunil , Sagar Kommu , Narayanan Swetha , Girimaji Akhila , Yamini BK , Bharath Rose , Saini Jitender , Kishore M.
Published: August 2024

Neuroimaging methods comparing individuals with ASD and healthy-controls posited a distinction in various cerebellar regions; including arrested growth of posterior vermis and reduced gray matter in right Crus I, and lobule VIII and IX. Younger cohorts of ASD, ASD-siblings, and healthy-children demonstrates volumetric differences in cerebellar lobules and look for correlation with neurodevelopmental measures. Multiple cerebellar lobules demonstrate abnormal volumes in ASD compared to ASD-sibling and healthy controls, including Vermis, dentate, and lobule I-V. Lobular volumes were also significantly correlates with social quotient, language, and cognition measures in ASD.
Effects of MR-Guided Focused Ultrasound Pallidotomy on Dyskinesia and Cerebral Regional Homogeneity in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Furman Andrew , Jiang Li , Schumacher Justin , Zhuo Ziachen , Eisenberg Howard , Fishman Paul , Ghandi Dheeraj , Gullapalli Rao
Published: August 2024

MR-guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS) pallidotomy is a promising, non-invasive neurosurgical approach for treating the primary and secondary symptoms, such as levodopa-induced dyskinesia, of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). While the behavioral effects of MRgFUS pallidotomy in PD have been previously established, its impacts on brain circuity and how these changes relate to symptom resolution are currently unclear. In the current study, we compared measures of Regional Homogeneity (ReHo), a metric of spatiotemporal correlation thought to reflect the integrity and modularity of mesoscopic circuity, before and after FUS lesion of the Globus Pallidus internus (GPi).
Feasibility of a multimodal MR Imaging and Spectroscopy approach in understanding Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Authors: Kaur Raminder , Mehta Kashish , Ciok Alexander , Greeley Brian , Debelic Kati , Robertson Hilary , Nelson Todd , Tsai Melody , Zhang Lan , Glashutter Margit , Boulter Travis , Nacul* Luis , Song* Xiaowei
Published: August 2024

This first multimodal MRI/MRS study aiming to investigate whether an extensive multimodal neuroimaging approach is feasible for patients with ME/CFS. The study compared female ME/CFS participants to aged matched female healthy controls. The study showed successful completion of the entire protocol that included: anatomical imaging; functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) along with a working memory task; single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify metabolites at three locations (ACC, BS, and l-DLPC); and a hand-grip strength to observe whether fatigue is induced due to the scanning protocol. It also suggested a minimum impact of the MRI session on grip strength.
Brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in patients with end-stage renal disease: A Voxel-Based Morphometry Study
Authors: Li Yuan , Jiang Yuhan , Gao Bingbing , Qu Mingrui , Song Qingwei , Miao Yanwei
Published: August 2024

End-stage renal disease is the final stage of chronic kidney disease, often complicated by abnormal brain structure and neurocognitive function. In this study, a voxel-based morphometry (VBM) measurement was used to observe the volume change of gray matter structure in ESRD patients. Patients with ESRD were found to have atrophy in the right Cerebelum_Crus1, bilateral Cerebelum_6, left Temporal_Pole_Sup, left Putamen, bilateral Calcarine (CAL), bilateral Lingual (LING), left Rolandic_Oper, left Heschl, right Cuneus, bilateral Postcentral. Furthermore, the volumes of the right Cerebelum_Crus1, bilateral CAL, left Cerebelum_6, bilateral LING were positively correlated with overall cognitive score.
Glymphatic system impairment in migraine: relation with chronic pain
Authors: Wu Xinying , Fu Tong , Gao Yujia , Lin Hai , Dai Yongming , Huang Xiaobin , Zhang Di , Yin Xindao , Liu Lindong , Wang Peng
Published: August 2024

The glymphatic system is a recently discovered waste drainage system in the brain that involves movement of the cerebrospinal fluid along the perivascular space. In this study, we conducted a non-invasive method, diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), to investigate the glymphatic system’s function in migraine and its association with brain atrophy and clinical symptoms. Abnormalities were identified in the glymphatic system of patients with migraine, compared with normal controls. The associations between ALPS-index and neuropsychological performance suggested the potential of ALPS-index as a biomarker for brain dysfunction.
Reduced white matter axonal density in bipolar disorder using Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI)
Authors: Harmata Gail , Abdolmotalleby Hesam , Barsotti John , Fiedorowicz Jess , Williams Aislinn , Christensen Gary , Xu Jia , Shaffer Joseph , Long Jeffrey , Richards Jenny , Sathyaputri Leela , Schmitz Samantha , Wemmie John , Magnotta Vincent , Mani Merry
Published: August 2024

Bipolar disorder is a serious psychiatric condition whose cause remains unknown. Previous diffusion MRI studies suggest white matter alterations may be involved, but standard diffusion tensor scalars provide limited information regarding potential pathophysiology. Here we used Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) to examine select white matter bundles to provide additional information regarding changes in microstructure. We found that the uncinate fasciculus, cingulum hippocampus, and corpus callosum genu showed evidence of reduced axonal density, suggesting axonal loss or altered neurodevelopment. Additional work is necessary to determine how this pattern changes over time, and how it relates to mood lability.
Blood-brain barrier damage and new-onset refractory status epilepticus: an explorative study using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI
Authors: Li Huiping , Liu Xian , Wang Ruihong , Lu Aili , Ma Zhaohui , Wu Shibiao , Lu Hongji , Du Yaming , Deng Kan , Wang Lixin , Yuan Fang
Published: August 2024

This is the first study investigating blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in new-onset refractory status epilepticus (NORSE) using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI). BBBs of NORSE patients were impaired diffusely, and they had significantly higher BBB permeability in the basal ganglia and thalamus compared to encephalitis patients without status epilepticus (SE). Our preliminary findings demonstrate that BBB dysfunction in the basal ganglia and thalamus plays an important role in the pathophysiology of NORSE.
Diffusion Time Spectrum Analysis Observation of Aquaporin Functional Dynamics
Authors: Oku Ayano , Hata Junichi , Hayashi Naoya , Oshiro Hinako , Muta Kanako , Haga Yawara , Ito Taeko , Nakajima Ryousuke , Kishi Noriyuki , Okano Hideyuki
Published: August 2024

The function of water molecule exchange on the plasma membrane by aquaporins was evaluated using HEK293T cultured cells. Time-dependent diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in which diffusion time (DT) was varied in 14 steps from 13 to 784 ms, was used to observe differences in water molecules and the permeability of the cell membrane with and without aquaporin inhibition. The diffusion coefficient increased with increasing DT in normal cells, but not in aquaporin 4-inhibited cells. These results suggest that time-dependent diffusion MRI may capture the function of water molecule exchange at the plasma membrane.
Developing novel MRI biomarkers of amyloid beta aggregation and inflammation in APPswe/PS1dEd mouse model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Tazo Patricia , Selim Mohamed , Canals Santiago , Sanchez-Mut Jose , De Santis Silvia
Published: August 2024

We present a framework to extract novel MRI biomarkers, based on diffusion-weighted contrast, capable of capturing microstructural alterations in the APPswe/PS1dE9 mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. To validate the MRI framework, imaging was complemented with histology, with the aim of elucidating the cell-scale biological basis. We demonstrate that MRI signal carries the fingerprint of Alzheimer’s disease characteristic plaque aggregation and associated neuroinflammation patterns in a cohort of 18 months old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice as compared to healthy age-matched controls. This framework sets the basis for an in-vivo multimodal imaging protocol, translatable to humans, for early detection of Alzheimer-specific microstructural alterations.
Proton MRI-based oximetry
Authors: Ciobanu Cristian , Pazmiño Jorge Campos , Fortier Véronique , Levesque Ives
Published: August 2024

We will review 1H MR-oximetry techniques including R1, R2*, DCE, and susceptibility-based techniques. We will present the basic principles behind each technique and the results of representative studies that show the relationship between MR-derived markers and blood and tissue oxygenation or hypoxia. We will also discuss oxygen modulation techniques in animal models and humans, report on trends in 1H MR-based oximetry techniques over the last two decades, and summarize the current state and challenges in the field as a whole.
Evaluation the intramedullary severity and prognosis of early MRI in adult cervical spinal cord injury without radiologic abnormalities
Authors: Liu Yuan , Sun Peng , Kong Xiangchuang
Published: August 2024

The mpMRI biomarkers could be insightful for pathogenesis and prognosis in early-stage SCIWORA.
The potential role of FT - CMR for detecting left ventricular dysfunction in patients with PSP: a case control study
Authors: Peng Pengfei , Yue Xun , sun jia , Peng Pengfei
Published: August 2024

The potential role of feature tracking - CMR for detecting left ventricular dysfunction in patients with PSP
Investigation of mental state of patients after an examination in an MRI room with LED-backlight photoprints
Authors: Hoshiko Hiroyuki , Ninomiya Masaaki , Yamamoto Akiyoshi , Yoshida Seigo , Nakamura Katsumi
Published: August 2024

We investigated the psychological state of patients in an MRI examination room equipped with LED-backlit photoprints (SKY LIGHT). We surveyed patients who had completed their examinations in the room about their impressions of the room. The patients' responses were categorized into three types based on their words: positive, negative, and indifferent, and the percentages were calculated. 74.5% of the patients had positive impressions of the rooms after the examination. In conclusion, the results suggest that MRI rooms with SKY LIGHT can give positive impressions to patients.
The Quantitative Evaluation of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury with DSI and DTI MR Technology
Authors: Zhang JinRui
Published: August 2024

Compared with DTI (diffusion tensor imaging), DSI(diffusion spectrum imaging) has more accurate spatial resolution ability in mTBI(mild traumatic brain injury), and DSI-based fiber tracking technology has become an important tool for medium scale (mesocale) structural elucidation, building a bridge between microscopic and macroscopic scales, which provides the possibility for further exploration and integration of multi-scale analytical studies at the cellular level as well as at the subcellular level.
The Prospect of Brain and Behaviour, Reflecting the Role of Ankita from “Wake Up Life’s Calling” a Novel by Preeti Shenoy
Authors: Fathima Dr. Asma
Published: August 2024

The act of behaviour driven by impulsive actions forms an unique understanding with the moments of living present to the connected past. In its extreme state, the recapturing moments of the past experiences, the ones haunted or the most excited moments felt in extreme craze, any injury, pain; or nostalgia either cease to enable someone‟s thinking or push them backward in subjugation. The mental aspects of mind make attempts again and again to release from the haunted images that seem holding in the process. While reflecting the similar agony or stages felt by someone, in a novel Wake Up Life’s Calling by Preeti Shenoy, a character Ankita undergoes similar impulses as she fights an ordeal to rescue herself from the suppression of old thoughts that weigh on her mind in her present moments. She felt the only way to stay away from further mental conflict is by doing suicidal attempts on finding an instruction guide manual to suicide from her college library. Eventually, when she met the Professor, she changed her style of thinking, she practised blowing of agonies, stress, disorder and mental inflictions in the form of balloons and let go them in air as a therapy. The protagonist was under the suppression of old thoughts weighing heavy on her mind and in the process of counselling, she had then been able to recover gradually rescue herself with a positive spirit free from her haunted past.
The Effect of Transformational Leadership Style and Conflict Management of the Head Nursing Care for Mrs. R with a Medical Diagnosis of Mammary Tumors in the Kemuning Room of Waled Regional General Hospital, Cirebon Regency
Authors: Khasanah Uswatun , Devi Nadia , Maftuha Indah , Nurokhman Neneng , Purbaningsih Endah
Published: August 2024

Mammary tumors are abnormalities of cells in the breast that grow multiple times and then form a mass or lump. Mammary tumors are among the most common benign tumors in women. Based on WHO data in 2009, 8--9% of women were diagnosed with breast tumors, with the prevalence of breast tumors in Indonesia in 2019 estimated to reach 42.1 per 100,000 population with an average mortality of 7.6 per 100,000. The purpose of this case study is to provide nursing care to patients who have mammary tumors. Using a qualitative approach with case studies as the main method, using observation sheets, interviews, and documentation studies. The case study selected one patient as the study subject, namely a patient with a mammary tumor in the Kemuning Room, RSUD Waled, Cirebon Regency. Nursing care management is based on the fulfillment of patient needs carried out in three days. The results of the case study showed that after being given nursing care, there was a decrease in pain and an improvement in breathing patterns. The conclusion is that nursing care is effective in meeting the needs of patients with mammary tumors.
Influence of employee’s intellectual wellness programmes on service delivery in faith-based hospitals in Nairobi metropolitan area
Authors: Karanja Beatrice Wairimu , Gichuhi David , Kiambati Kellen
Published: August 2024

This study sought to investigate the intellectual wellness programmes on service delivery in faith-based hospitals in the Nairobi metropolitan area. In the modern competitive business environment, organisations and their management have realised that their survival and competitiveness lie in the quality of the services and by extension the service providers. The study adopted descriptive survey and correlational research designs. The study targeted the employees in faith-based hospitals in the Nairobi metropolitan area.  A stratified random sampling approach was used in selecting the respondents. The study sample size was 297 respondents. Of the 297 questionnaires distributed to the target respondents, 244 of the questionnaires were filled and returned. Thus, there was a response rate of 82 per cent. The study obtained primary data using a questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse data. Descriptive statistics included frequencies, mean, standard deviation and percentage. Correlational analysis was used to determine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The study also carried out a regression analysis to determine the level of association of the study variables. Results were presented in tables. The study established that there were employees' intellectual wellness programmes in the faith-based hospitals in the Nairobi metropolitan area. Correlation analysis results showed that a significant moderate positive correlation existed between service delivery and intellectual wellness programmes. The study also determined that intellectual wellness had a significant influence on service delivery in faith-based hospitals in the Nairobi metropolitan area. The study thus concluded that intellectual employee wellness programmes had a significant influence on service delivery in faith-based hospitals in the Nairobi metropolitan area.
Cannabis medicinal na reabilitação da Síndrome talâmica: relato de caso
Authors: Helfenstein Thomas
Published: August 2024

Resumo: A síndrome talâmica ou síndrome da dor talâmica é um termo utilizado para caracterizar a dor neuropática central que ocorre mais comumente após um acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) no trato espinotalâmico. Após um AVC talâmico, a dor geralmente ocorre em toda a metade contralateral do corpo do paciente e é agravada pelo toque ou palpação. O manejo da síndrome talâmica é complexo e requer uma equipe multiprofissional de saúde. O tratamento tradicional para dor crônica e dor centralizada geralmente inclui antidepressivos, anticonvulsivantes e analgésicos opioides. Nesse caso, as evidências são limitadas e variam em eficácia. O uso da Cannabis medicinal, mais especificamente do Canabidiol (CBD) e do delta-9-tetrahidrocanabinol (THC), apresentam-se como possibilidade terapêutica aos casos refratários. Diversos são os mecanismos fisiológicos que justificam o potencial terapêutico da cannabis no controle da dor crônica. O sistema endocanabinóide possui múltiplas funções que levam o organismo ao equilíbrio, auxiliando o processo de reabilitação de pacientes com tal condição. Apesar do principal desafio ser o controle da dor, e que muitos dos outros sintomas são consequência da dor crônica não controlada, é importante destacar a melhora da funcionalidade e da cognição de maneira global resultando em ganho de independência funcional, com repercussão na melhora da qualidade de vida do paciente. Neste relato foi  avaliada a evolução da reabilitação de um paciente, comparando os parâmetros de funcionalidade através da Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF) e da Escala Visual Analógica (EVA) de dor no início do tratamento e após 6 meses de seguimento.
APPLICATION OF NOISE PROTECTION WALLS ALONG ROAD “A” TRANSVERSAL IN SARAJEVO
Authors: Simonović Venera
Published: August 2024

The research focuses on the efficiency of sound barriers in protecting against traffic-induced noise, with a specific focus on the example of barrier construction along the "A" highway in Sarajevo. The study aims to analyze the results of measuring daily and nightly noise levels at five different locations along the route, using standard methods and tools for noise measurement. The methodology involved constructing walls made of steel supporting columns and transparent panels of varying heights, and conducting control measurements of daily and nightly noise levels. The research results indicate that sound barriers are effective in reducing noise in the vicinity of roadways, especially during the daytime. However, nighttime noise values were slightly higher than the maximum allowable values, indicating the need for additional measures to control noise during nighttime hours. The importance of proper planning, construction, and maintenance of sound barriers is emphasized to ensure a better living environment for urban residents and reduce irritation caused by traffic noise.
Life After Stroke: Lessons From Personal Stories of Survival, Managing Change and Overcoming Adversity
Authors:   , Hall Joseph Robert
Published: August 2024

As stroke support systems struggle to meet the long-term needs of survivors, new insights into what can enable stroke survivors to rebuild their lives and identities positively are urgently required. This thesis aimed to explore what enables stroke survivors to rebuild their identities positively following stroke. This exploration has been shaped by social constructivist thinking, placing participant voices, stories, and co-creation at the centre of this work’s aims and methods. Two qualitative studies were conducted: 1) Phase One: A constructivist grounded theory study interviewing 30 stroke survivors from across the UK aimed to synthesise stroke survivors’ experiences to further understand the process of reconfiguring post-stroke identity and how individual and social factors can help, or hinder, this process. 2) Phase Two: A co-creation study with 12 consenting participants from the Phase One study aimed to develop a novel method to co-create digital stories with stroke survivors that synthesised collective lessons from individual experiences of interacting with healthcare professionals. In Phase One, stroke survivors reported finding themselves suddenly caught between pre and the post-stroke identities. This could result in an evolving and enduring period of liminality, a state of existence defined by uncertain identity. A novel conceptual model of post-stroke liminality and identity reconfiguration was developed to detail this process and the numerous individual and social factors that influence it. In Phase Two, stroke survivors co-created key collective lessons from their original digital stories that showed the importance of integrating a truly person-centred approach within stroke care. This work reinforces the call for psychological well-being and support to be made a priority within stroke care. The novel application of liminality to detail the challenge to rebuilding identity post-stroke has furthered understanding of how this process is evolving, long-term, and potentially indefinite. This work has shown that stroke care seemingly remains biased towards the medical model, possibly resulting in a reduction in stroke survivor agency within healthcare. When received, inclusive and collaborative care played a vital role in supporting survivors’ recoveries. The conceptual model and study website provide a platform for further impact to raise awareness and educate stroke-related partners. The novel co-creation method developed offers a framework to effectively engage stroke related partners with a targeted behaviour change orientated educational resource.
Diagnostic accuracy of cytochemistry in diagnosing acute leukemia
Authors: Ahmad Rabia , Arshad Hira , Khalid Ayesha , Ghazanfar Masuma , Saleem Ahmad
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT:
 
 
INTRODUCTION
 
 
Acute leukemia arise when the hematopoietic stem-cells have malignant transformation into undifferentiated cells.
 
Objective
 
 
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of Cytochemistry using Sudan black B(SBB) and Periodic Acid Schiff stains(PAS), for acute leukemia diagnosis in a resource constrained lab.
 
Methods
 
 
80 patient were enrolled in this cross sectional study. Detailed history and physical examination with complete blood cells count and numerous hematological indices were obtained by using semi- automated analyzer; SYSMEX KX-21. Slides were made by using peripheral blood / bone  marrow smears, fixed by methanol and stained for different cytochemical stains. Leukemia cell analysis was done by using the conventional immunofluorescence method by using the monoclonal antibodies
 
Results
 
 
The mean age of patients included in the study was calculated to be 39.40±14.76 years, and male to female ratio was 1.3:1. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and diagnostic accuracy of cytochemistry using SBB stain for diagnosis of acute leukemia was 91.94%, 100%, 100%, 78.26% & 93.75% respectively taking Flowcytometry as gold standard. Similarly the sensitivity , specificity , PPV., NPV and diagnostic accuracy  of  cytochemistry using PAS stain for diagnosis of acute leukemia was 100%, 91.94%, 78.26%, 100% & 93.75% respectively taking flowcytometry as gold standard
 
Conclusion 
According to this study, the cytochemistry using both SBB and PAF stains showed good accuracy for acute leukemia. Therefore, it may substitute Flowcytometry in many cases, in restricted resource set ups.
A Morphometric Study On Anatomical Variations Of Transverse Foramina In Dried Typical Cervical Vertebrae C3-C6
Authors: Ibrahim Sobia , Zahid Aliya , Athar Tahira
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Foramen Transversarium is a cardinal feature of cervical vertebrae. It transmits vertebral artery along with other contents. Variations in size and shape of foramen transversaria are associated with development or course of vertebral artery. Its compartmentalization can cause compression on the vascular structure causing vertebrobasilar insufficiency. Present study is to observe such variations of size and shape in typical cervical vertebrae to provide data to neurosurgeons and radiologists. Material & Methods: 170 intact typical cervical vertebrae of unknown sex and age were taken after approval of Ethical Review Board. They were observed for any accessory foramina, shape and size of foramen transversaria bilaterally and transverse and AP diameters of foramen transversarium were taken & recorded with digital vernier caliper. Statistical analysis was applied. Results: Foramen tranversaria of majority were rounded in shape with 8-10% with incomplete/notched appearance. AP diameters of two sides reported a statistically significant difference. About 10% have accessory foramina and 5 are bilateral. Conclusion: Vertebral artery injury is uncommon but may be a disastrous complication during cervical spinal surgery. Therefore, proper preoperative investigations and planning is essential for the surgeons.
PENDIDIKAN MULTIKULTURAL DALAM MEMPERTAHANKAN KEBUDAYAAN ISLAM DI ERA GLOBAL
Authors: Nur Hasanah Mutia , Munawir  , Suryani Indrianis
Published: August 2024

Mayoritas muslim di indonesia diberikan fasilitas pendidikan terutama bagi generasi milenial untuk lebih mengenal budaya Islam. Akses mobilitas interaksi antarbudaya menjadi sangat mudah dalam revolusi industri 4.0. Pendidikan multikultural berusaha untuk bermanfaat dalam arti luas dengan menonjolkan nilai keberagaman, mempersatukan negara secara demokrasi baik secara individu dari berbagai negara, kelompok etnis, dan budaya. Oleh karena itu, pengamalan nilai dikondisikan dalam pembelajaran di sekolah. Penelitian ini mengacu pada bagaimana integrasi dan urgensi peran pendidikan multikulturalisme dalam mempertahankan kebudayaan Islam pada era globalisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan model studi kepustakaan (library research) dimana objek yang dikaji berasal dari hasil telaah buku, artikel, catatan, jurnal, transkrip, laporan penelitian, makalah, internet dan dokumen lain terkait. Hasil yang dicapai yaitu pendidikan multikultural tidak hanya sebagai upaya untuk menjaga dan mempertahankan nilai-nilai dan kebudayaan Islam, namun juga sebagai upaya dalam membentuk setiap individu menjadi pribadi yang bernilai luhur serta upaya dalam mempertahankan budaya keislaman dan kebudayaan bangsa.
Kata Kunci: Globalisasi, Kebudayaan Islam, Pendidikan Multikultural