bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parallel space saving on multi‐ and many‐core processors
Authors: Cafaro Massimo , Pulimeno Marco , Epicoco Italo , Aloisio Giovanni
Published: April 2017

Given an array
of n elements and a value 2≤k≤n, a frequent item or k‐majority element is an element occurring in
more than n/k times. The k‐majority problem requires finding all of the k‐majority elements. In this paper, we deal with parallel shared‐memory algorithms for frequent items; we present a shared‐memory version of the Space Saving algorithm, and we study its behavior with regard to accuracy and performance on many and multi‐core processors, including the Intel Phi accelerator. We also investigate a hybrid MPI/OpenMP version against a pure MPI‐based version. Through extensive experimental results, we prove that the MPI/OpenMP parallel version of the algorithm significantly enhances the performance of the earlier pure MPI version of the same algorithm. Results also prove that for this algorithm the Intel Phi accelerator does not introduce any improvement with respect to the Xeon octa–core processor.
Characterization of a Poly‐4‐Vinylpyridine‐Supported CuPd Bimetallic Catalyst for Sonogashira Coupling Reactions
Authors: Evangelisti Claudio , Balerna Antonella , Psaro Rinaldo , Fusini Graziano , Carpita Adriano , Benfatto Maurizio
Published: April 2017

CuPd bimetallic solvated metal atoms (SMA) synthesized by metal vapor synthesis (MVS) technique and supported on poly‐4‐vinylpyridine (PVPy) resin, showed significantly higher catalytic activity in Sonogashira‐type carbon–carbon coupling reactions than the corresponding monometallic Cu and Pd systems as well as their physical mixture. The analysis of the bimetallic catalyst combining transmission electron microscopy techniques and X‐ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy revealed the presence of small Pd nanoparticles (dm=2.5 nm) while the analysis of the X‐ray absorption data, at the Cu K‐edge suggests the formation of thin and incomplete Cu oxide layers around the Pd‐rich cores.
All‐Silicon Switchable Magnetoelectric Effect through Interlayer Exchange Coupling
Authors: Liu Hang , Sun Jia‐Tao , Fu Hui‐xia , Sun Pei‐jie , Feng Y. P. , Meng Sheng
Published: April 2017

The magnetoelectric (ME) effect originating from the effective coupling between electric field and magnetism is an exciting frontier in nanoscale science such as magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ), ferroelectric/piezoelectric heterojunctions etc. The realization of switchable ME effect under external electric field in
semiconducting materials of single composition is needed especially for all‐silicon spintronics applications because of its natural compatibility with current industry. We employ density functional theory (DFT) to reveal that the pristine Si(111)‐
R30° (Si
hereafter) reconstructed surfaces of thin films with a thickness smaller than eleven bilayers support a sizeable linear ME effect with switchable direction of magnetic moment under external electric field. This is achieved through the interlayer exchange coupling effect in the antiferromagnetic regime, where the spin‐up and spin‐down magnetized density is located on opposite surfaces of Si
thin films. The obtained coefficient for the linear ME effect can be four times larger than that of ferromagnetic Fe films, which fail to have the reversal switching capabilities. The larger ME effect originates from the spin‐dependent screening of the spin‐polarized Dirac fermion. The prediction will promote the realization of well‐controlled and switchable data storage in all‐silicon electronics.
Spectroscopic Characterization of the Reaction Products between the Criegee Intermediate CH2OO and HCl
Authors: Cabezas Carlos , Endo Yasuki
Published: April 2017

Pulsed Fourier‐transform microwave experiments have been performed to probe the products resulting from the reaction between HCl and the simplest Criegee intermediate, CH2OO, where the reaction is considered to be important in atmospheric chemistry. The experimentally determined rotational parameters interpreted with the help of quantum chemical calculations support the identification of chloro‐methyl hydroperoxide molecule as the primary product of this reaction.
Spin Network Quantum Circuits
Authors: Marzuoli Annalisa , Rasetti Mario
Published: April 2017

In this manuscript, a recent approach to quantum computation promoted by the authors, based on the theory of recoupling of quantum angular momenta instead of the conventional notion of q‐bit (that simply mimicks the Booleam structure of the classical approach to computation), is reviewed and analyzed in its basic elements. In particular, the reach of the new scheme in terms of algorithmic complexity is discussed, focusing the attention on the quantum algorithm for generalized Jones polynomials of knots,
, because the problem of approximating
has been recognized to be a universal problem, namely the hardest problem that a quantum computer can efficiently handle. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of electron–ion coupling on the electric microfield distribution in plasmas
Authors: Benbelgacem K. , Douis S. , Meftah M.T. , Touahri N.
Published: April 2017

The electronic and ionic effective potential of a fully ionized hydrogen plasma containing an impurity of electric charge (+Zme) are calculated in a two‐component plasma model under semiclassical conditions using classical statistical mechanics with a regularized electron–ion interaction. These effective potentials are coupled in a system of nonlinear integral equations (or coupled differential equations), which is solved numerically with two methods, namely the fixed‐point method and the Runge–Kutta method. The Baranger–Moser electric microfield distributions are calculated and compared with those from molecular dynamics simulation. Agreement between theory and simulation is satisfactory, in general.
Cytological features of warthin‐like papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report with review of previous cytology cases
Authors: Vallonthaiel Archana George , Agarwal Shipra , Jain Deepali , Yadav Rajni , Damle Nishikant A.
Published: April 2017

Warthin‐like papillary thyroid carcinoma (WLPTC) is a rare morphological variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma which mimics various benign and malignant lesions on thyroid aspiration cytology. As correct cytological diagnosis is the cornerstone for appropriate patient management, awareness of the salient cytomorphological characteristics of this tumor is essential. Here, we present cytological features of a case of WLPTC along with discussion of the common differential diagnoses and a brief review of the literature to ascertain the most consistent cytological findings of WLPTC. The present case also harboured BRAFV600E mutation which is the commonest molecular alteration seen in WLPTC.
Anti‐Inflammatory Effects of PEGylated Human Adrenomedullin in a Mouse DSS‐Induced Colitis Model
Authors: Nagata Sayaka , Yamasaki Motoo , Kitamura Kazuo
Published: April 2017

Preclinical Research

Human adrenomedullin (hAM), a hypotensive peptide, also has anti‐inflammatory effects. hAM can reduce the severity of the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)‐ and 2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)‐induced colitis in animal models. Furthermore, in a clinical study, hAM treatment reduced the Disease Activity Index in ulcerative colitis. However, these therapeutic effects required continuous administration of hAM as the half‐life of native hAM is quite short in blood. To resolve this problem, hAM N‐terminal was conjugated with two kinds of polyethylene glycol (PEG); 5 kDa PEG or 60 kDa PEG (5 kDa PEG‐hAM and 60 kDa PEG‐hAM respectively). In a previous study, 5 kDa PEG‐hAM stimulated cAMP production and prolonged the plasma half‐life compared with native hAM. Herein we examine the effect of PEG‐hAM in the DSS colitis model. Treatment with both PEG‐hAM preparations reduced the total inflammation score. In addition, the plasma half‐life of 60 kDa PEG‐hAM was much longer than 5 kDa PEG‐hAM. In summary, a single subcutaneous administration of 60 kDa PEG‐hAM reduced the total inflammation score in mice with DSS‐induced colitis. Therefore, these results suggest that 60 kDa PEG‐hAM is a possible therapeutic agent for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Drug Dev Res 78 : 129‐134, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Coinage Metal Complexes of Phosphonite Analogues of 2‐Diphenylphosphino‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (H‐MOP) and 2‐Diphenylphosphino‐2′‐methoxy‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (MeO‐MOP)
Authors: Fleming James T. , Waddell Paul G. , Probert Michael R. , Clegg William , Higham Lee J.
Published: April 2017

Chiral MOP‐phosphonites containing two phenoxy substituents (S)‐1a/(R)‐1b, a biphenoxy group (S)‐2a/(R)‐2b or the 3,3′‐dimethylbiphenoxy group (S)‐3a/(R)‐3b, have been coordinated to the coinage metals. Six [Au(LP)Cl] complexes have been prepared and five were characterised by X‐ray crystallography, as well as complex [Au{(S)‐3a}2]SbF6. Six [Ag(LP)OTf] complexes were synthesised, studied by VT NMR spectroscopy and, in the case of [Ag{(R)‐2b}OTf], by X‐ray crystallography. Six [Cu(LP)(MeCN)2]PF6 complexes were prepared, and [Cu{(R)‐3b}(MeCN)2]PF6 was characterised crystallographically, as was the decomposition product [Cu{(S)‐1a}(O2PF2)]2.
Validation of the Behavioural Observation Scale 3 for the evaluation of pain in adults
Authors: Frasca M. , Burucoa B. , Domecq S. , Robinson N. , Dousset V. , Cadenne M. , Sztark F. , Floccia M.
Published: April 2017

Background

Many behavioural scales are available to assess pain but none are suitable for a quick evaluation of non‐sedated and non‐geriatric adults. The Behavioural Observation Scale 3 (BOS‐3) is short, composed of five items. This study examined its feasibility and diagnostic performances.

Methods

Adult patients were included from medical and surgical departments of the University Hospital of Bordeaux. In a cross‐sectional study, BOS‐3 was compared to Numerical Rate Scale (NRS) with communicating patients (CP) and Behavioural Scale for the Elderly Person (ECPA2) with non‐communicating patients (NCP). Each time, BOS‐3 and reference scale were performed by an internal caregiver and an external expert.

Results

We included 447 patients: 395 communicating and 52 non‐communicating. All patients were assessed by the BOS‐3 and the reference test. All BOS‐3 were carried out in less than one minute with only four missing data. Its reproducibility (ICC = 0.77 [95% CI 0.73–0.81] with CP and 0.93 [95% CI 0.89–0.97] with NCP) and its internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.67 with CP and 0.70 with NCP) were good. In non‐communicating patients, ROC analysis set a threshold at 3 on 10. Sensitivity was 0.87 [95% CI 0.77–0.96], specificity 0.97 [95% CI 0.93–1.00], positive predictive value 0.93 [95% CI 0.86–0.99] and negative predictive value 0.95 [95% CI 0.89–1.00]. In communicating patients, sensitivity decreased to 0.34 [95% CI 0.28–0.38] but specificity reached 0.96 [95% CI 0.94–0.98] and positive predictive value 0.75 [95% CI 0.70–0.79].

Conclusions

BOS‐3 had good metrological properties in non‐communicating adults. With communicating patients, a positive BOS‐3 could be an additional tool to confirm pain, when underestimated on the NRS.

Significance

This study describes the diagnostic performances of a behavioral pain assessment scale designed for non‐geriatric and non‐sedated adults. The results show its validity in non‐communicating patients and suggest its usefulness as an ancillary tool in communicating patients in whom simple numerical scales are often insufficient.
Highly Sensitive Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensor Based on 3D Ultrathin NiFe Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets
Authors: Lu Yi , Jiang Bin , Fang Liang , Fan Shuyao , Wu Fang , Hu Baoshan , Meng FanMing
Published: April 2017

As a promising electrode material, Ni‐based nanomaterials exhibit a remarkable electrochemical catalytic activity for nonenzymatic glucose sensors. In this paper, Nickel–Iron layered double hydroxide (NiFe‐LDH) film electrode with ultrathin nanosheets and porous nanostructures was synthesized directly on Ni foam (NF) by a one‐step hydrothermal method. The as‐obtained NiFe‐LDH electrode was adopted for glucose detection without further treatment. As an integrated binder‐free electrode for glucose sensor, the NiFe‐LDH/NF hybrid exhibits a superior sensitivity of 3680.2 μA mM−1 cm−2 with a low limit of detection (0.59 μM, S/N=3) as well as fast response time (<1 s). An excellent selectivity from potential interference species such as ascorbic acid, uric acid and Cl− ions and acceptable stability were also achieved. The outstanding performance can be ascribed to the abundant electrochemistry active sites, facilitative diffusion of the electrolyte, high electron transfer rate and reliable stability architecture. Therefore, the NiFe‐LDH nanosheets demonstrate potential application in non‐enzymatic sensory of glucose.
Imidazolium Based Surface Active Ionic Liquids as Novel Micellar Media for Simultaneous and Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Rather Mudasir Ahmad , Bhat Sajad Ahmad , Pandit Sarwar Ahmad , Rather Ghulam Mohammad , Khan Khaliquz Zaman , Bhat Mohsin Ahmad
Published: April 2017

Surface active ionic liquid (SAIL) micelle assisted, simultaneous and highly sensitive electrochemical sensing of dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) is presented. Results presented herein establish that SAILs viz.1‐dodecyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium chloride ([DDMIM][Cl]), 1‐octyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium chloride ([OMIM][Cl]) and 1‐butyl‐3‐methyl imidazolium chloride ([BMIM][Cl]) exhibit a probe and SAIL nature/concentration specific impact on the redox behaviour of hydroquinone (H2Q), dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA). To our observations, the electrochemical behaviour of DA and AA is affected oppositely by SAILs with the apparent effects being more appreciable in presence of [DDMIM][Cl]. In the presence of [DDMIM][Cl] micelles, the electro‐oxidation of AA was observed to occur at potentials about 350 mV less positive than required for electrooxidation of DA, an important advantage that minimises the interference of former in sensing of the later. The peak to peak potential separation of 350 mV observed in presence of [DDMIM][Cl] micelles is the largest to be reported so far. The DPV signal for DA and AA displayed a linear response in the concentration range of 6.6 to 99.9 μM and 6.6 to 131.5 μM respectively. Very low detection limits of 0.0161 μM for DA in presence of 39.8 μM AA and 0.0227 μM for AA in presence of 39.8 μM DA were estimated in micellar phase of [DDMIM][Cl].
Application of a Nanosensor Based on MWCNT‐Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Modified Electrode for the Analysis of a Novel Drug, Alpha‐Hydrazinonitroalkene in Human Blood Serum
Authors: D'Souza Ozma J , Mascarenhas Ronald J , Satpati Ashis K , Mane Vaijinath , Mekhalif Zineb
Published: April 2017

The sensitivity enhancing properties of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were associated to construct a nanosensor based on carbon paste electrode (CPE) by adopting drop cast method. The drop cast method makes use of minimum modifier and the entire modified surface of the sensor is available for the analyte. Surface characterization of the electrodes was carried out using FE‐SEM and EDX. EIS was used for the electrochemical characterization. We report for the first time the electrochemical analysis based on the oxidation of the ‐OH group of a novel drug, alpha‐hydrazinonitroalkene (I) which was found to have antibacterial and antimicrobial properties. The electron transfer kinetic parameters such as the charge transfer coefficient α and heterogeneous rate constant k′ were calculated and they have been found to be 0.64 and 9.62 × 10−2 cm s−1 respectively. The linear response ranges for (I) obtained at this sensor are 1.0 × 10−7 M − 7.0 × 10−7 M and 1.0 × 10−6 M – 4.5 × 10−5 M with a detection limit of (7.03 ± 0.41) × 10−8 M (S/N=3). The interference study suggested that the sensor was free from 1000‐fold excess of UA in the determination of (I). It was important to note that the sensor completely eliminated Ascorbic acid (AA) signal which offered a significant analytical advantage for the determination of the drug at this sensor. The practical usefulness of the modified sensor was demonstrated by the analysis of (I) in blood serum.
Simple and Inexpensive Electrochemical Platform Based on Novel Homemade Carbon Ink and its Analytical Application for Determination of Nitrite
Authors: Petroni Jacqueline Marques , Lucca Bruno Gabriel , Ferreira Valdir Souza
Published: April 2017

In this work we present the development of a simple handmade approach for the easy fabrication of three‐electrode electrochemical devices based on newly in‐house developed carbon ink composed of graphite powder and polystyrene. Different proportions of graphite/polystyrene were investigated for the optimization of the ink. The counter and reference electrodes were produced using commercial carbon ink and silver glue. Scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry were used to investigate the morphology and the electrochemical properties of the sensor. The results showed that the electroactive area of the optimized working electrode was ca. 2.35 times larger than its geometric area. The RSD values obtained for repeatability and reproducibility were 0.20% and 2.78%, respectively, which suggest no significant variation on the electrodes fabricated. The analytical feasibility of the electrode was tested through its application for the determination of nitrite in drinking water. The quantifications were successfully performed at levels below the maximum contaminant level established for nitrite. A limit of detection of 1.42 × 10−6 mol L−1 and recoveries of ca. 103 % were achieved. The results were validated using ion‐chromatography technique with good agreement. The performance of the unmodified sensor proposed here on nitrite determination was better than some recently reported modified electrodes obtained through complex procedures.
Combination of odour‐stimulation tools and surface response methodology for odour recombination studies
Authors: Thomsen Maiken , Dosne Thibaut , Beno Noëlle , Chabanet Claire , Guichard Elisabeth , Thomas‐Danguin Thierry
Published: April 2017

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relative impact of 12 odour‐active compounds on the odours of three different non‐processed semi‐hard kinds of cheese using a combination of different odour stimulation tools. Based on a previous study, eight odorants were identified as contributors to the basic odour of the cheeses, and four additional odorants were identified as contributors to the specificity of each cheese. The eight basic odorants were dispatched into four vessels of an olfactometer, which delivered mixtures following a Box‐Behnken design. Each odour mixture was compared with each real cheese odour based on a direct similarity rating. An optimal basic composition of the four olfactometer vessels for each of the three cheeses was obtained. One vessel that contained a mixture of four odorants significantly impacted the odour similarity scores; thus, the four odorants (3‐methyl butane‐1‐ol, butanoic acid, 3‐methylbutanoic acid and dimethyl trisulphide) were individually tested along with four additional odorants (2,3‐dimethyl pyrazine, benzaldehyde, methyl 2‐methyl‐3‐furyl disulphide and gamma heptalactone) in a second experiment using the olfactoscan technique. A paired comparison between real cheese odours and the odour mixtures delivered by the olfactometer combined with odorants eluted from a gas‐chromatograph indicated that dimethyl trisulphide primarily contributed to one of the cheese odours and butanoic acid contributed to another cheese odour. Gamma heptalactone had a positive impact, whereas benzaldehyde and 1‐octen‐3‐one had a negative impact, on the similarity between the recombined odour and the odour of the third cheese. This original approach is a promising tool for the reformulation of food aromas.
Improvement of the Liu‐type Shiller estimator for distributed lag models
Authors: Özbay Nimet , Kaçıranlar Selahattin
Published: April 2017

The problem of multicollinearity produces undesirable effects on ordinary least squares (OLS), Almon and Shiller estimators for distributed lag models. Therefore, we introduce a Liu‐type Shiller estimator to deal with multicollinearity for distributed lag models. Moreover, we theoretically compare the predictive performance of the Liu‐type Shiller estimator with OLS and the Shiller estimators by the prediction mean square error criterion under the target function. Furthermore, an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study is carried out to evaluate the predictive performance of the Liu‐type Shiller estimator.
Self‐modification of Ni Metal Surfaces with CeO2 to Suppress Carbon Deposition at Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes
Authors: Kubota J. , Hashimoto S. , Shindo T. , Yashiro K. , Matsui T. , Yamaji K. , Kishimoto H. , Kawada T.
Published: April 2017

High durability against carbon deposition on Ni anodes of internal‐reforming solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) is one of the most significant challenges in the utilization of SOFCs. Carbon deposition is strongly affected by the type of solid oxide electrolyte, although it occurs on Ni surfaces which are a few hundred nanometers away from the solid oxide electrolyte. Carbon deposition under CH4 flow at 1,073 K on Ni particles on yttria‐stabilized ZrO2 was determined to occur more readily than on Ni particles on Gd‐doped CeO2. We have examined how the solid oxides interact with the Ni surfaces in anodes using Auger electron microanalysis and infrared spectroscopy with adsorbed molecules. The results suggest that the CeO2 species migrate on the Ni surfaces under reducing conditions. The chemical influence of CeO2 migration on the Ni surface was confirmed by infrared spectra of adsorbed CO on Ni sites.
Direct Formic Acid PEM Fuel Cell with Electrospun Carbon Nitride Nanofibers as Cathode Catalyst
Authors: Jindal Amandeep , Narayanan Harikrishnan , Basu Suddhasatwa
Published: April 2017

Carbon nitride (CNx) nanofiber is tested as a cathode catalyst in the direct formic acid proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell at room temperature. CNx nanofiber is synthesized by electrospinning technique with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) as a supporting polymer and carbon black and Nafion® dispersion as fillers. Potassium permanganate (0.144M) is used as oxidant, due to its higher reduction potential (1.7 V) as compared to O2. CNx nanofibers show fuel cell activity with current density (23 mA cm−2) and power density (6.77 mW cm−2) comparable to Pt black catalyst loading (43 mA cm−2, 12.90 mW cm−2) at 300 mV.
Promotion of O2 on the co‐pyrolysis of CHF3 and CH4 for VDF synthesis
Authors: Han Wenfeng , Song Yanyan , Liu Wucan , Yang Luteng , Tang Haodong , Wang Shucheng , Wu Zhixing , Zhang Jianjun
Published: April 2017

Co‐pyrolysis of CHF3 and CH4 in the presence of O2 was investigated in a tubular reactor at temperatures between 700 and 860°C, atmospheric pressure, and residence time of 1.64 s. Under reaction conditions studied, introduction of O2 in the CHF3 and CH4 feed significantly improves the conversion of CH4, and while conversion of CHF3 almost stays unchanged. In the absence of O2, CH4 is activated by chain reactions which are initiated by the surface of the reactor. Following the introduction of O2, a series of additional chain reactions (reactions of CH4 with O2, O•, •HO2 and •OH radicals) generate more •CH3 radicals which are one of the key species for the formation of target product, CH2=CF2. Therefore, formation rate of CH2=CF2 is doubled under optimal reaction conditions. The suitable O2/CH4 feed ratio is suggested to be 0.06 for the formation of CH2=CF2. In addition, introduction of O2 in the feed decreases the formation of major byproduct C2F4 and C2HF3 significantly. After O2 is introduced, as more H• radicals are produced, improved formation rate of C2H3F results. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does my high blood pressure improve your survival? Overall and subgroup learning curves in health
Authors: Van Gestel Raf , Müller Tobias , Bosmans Johan
Published: April 2017

Learning curves in health are of interest for a wide range of medical disciplines, healthcare providers, and policy makers. In this paper, we distinguish between three types of learning when identifying overall learning curves: economies of scale, learning from cumulative experience, and human capital depreciation. In addition, we approach the question of how treating more patients with specific characteristics predicts provider performance. To soften collinearity problems, we explore the use of least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression as a variable selection method and Theil–Goldberger mixed estimation to augment the available information. We use data from the Belgian Transcatheter Aorta Valve Implantation (TAVI) registry, containing information on the first 860 TAVI procedures in Belgium. We find that treating an additional TAVI patient is associated with an increase in the probability of 2‐year survival by about 0.16%‐points. For adverse events like renal failure and stroke, we find that an extra day between procedures is associated with an increase in the probability for these events by 0.12%‐points and 0.07%‐points, respectively. Furthermore, we find evidence for positive learning effects from physicians' experience with defibrillation, treating patients with hypertension, and the use of certain types of replacement valves during the TAVI procedure.
How excluding some benefits from value assessment of new drugs impacts innovation
Authors: Cook Joseph P. , Golec Joseph
Published: April 2017

Payers often assess the benefits of new drugs relative to costs for reimbursement purposes, but they frequently exclude some drugs' option‐related benefits, reducing their reimbursement chances, and making them less attractive R&D investments. We develop and test a real options model of R&D investment that shows that excluding option‐related benefits heightens drug developers' incentives to avoid high‐risk (volatile) R&D investments and instead encourages them to focus on “safer” (positively skewed) investments. Our model and empirical results could partly explain the decline in the number of risky new molecular entities.
Indications and extent of central neck dissection for papillary thyroid cancer: An American Head and Neck Society Consensus Statement
Authors: Agrawal Nishant , Evasovich Maria R. , Kandil Emad , Noureldine Salem I. , Felger Erin A. , Tufano Ralph P. , Kraus Dennis H. , Orloff Lisa A. , Grogan Raymon , Angelos Peter , Stack Brendan C. , McIver Bryan , Randolph Gregory W.
Published: April 2017

Background

The primary purposes of this interdisciplinary consensus statement were to review the relevant indications for central neck dissection (CND) in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) and to outline the appropriate extent and relevant techniques required to accomplish a safe and effective CND.

Methods

A writing group convened by the American Head and Neck Society (AHNS) Endocrine Committee was tasked with identifying the important clinical elements to consider when managing the central neck compartment in patients with PTC based on available evidence in the literature, and the group's collective experience. The position statement paper was then submitted to the full Endocrine Committee, Education Committee, and AHNS Council.

Results

This consensus statement was developed to inform the clinical decision‐making process when managing the central neck compartment in patients with PTC from the AHNS. This document is intended to provide clarity through definitions as well as a basic guideline from which to manage the central neck. It is our hope that this improves the quality and reduces variation in management of the central neck, facilitates communication, and furthers research for patients with thyroid cancer.

Conclusion

This represents, in our opinion, contemporary optimal surgical care for this patient population and is endorsed by the American Head and Neck Society. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1269–1279, 2017
Impact of metformin on patients with advanced head and neck cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Chang Pei‐Hung , Yeh Kun‐Yun , Wang Cheng‐Hsu , Chen Eric Yen‐Chao , Yang Shih‐Wei , Chou Wen‐Chi , Hsieh Jason Chia‐Hsun
Published: April 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of metformin on toxicities and survival in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed and compared the clinical characteristics, treatment tolerance, toxicities, and survival of 252 patients with stages III, IVA, and IVB head and neck cancer undergoing concurrent CRT with and without metformin treatment between 2007 and 2010.

Results

Among all patients, 39 patients received metformin whereas 219 patients did not. Both groups had similar clinical characteristics and nearly identical disease‐free survival and overall survival. However, the metformin group was less likely to tolerate cisplatin, experienced more weight loss, had a tendency to receive lower doses of radiotherapy, required more feeding tube support, and had grade ≥3 nausea/vomiting and hematological toxicities.

Conclusion

Patients with head and neck cancer undergoing concurrent CRT along with metformin treatment require more careful multidisciplinary assessment and supportive care to ensure successful completion of treatment and avoid treatment‐related toxicities.
The burden of autoimmunity in myelodysplastic syndromes
Authors: Fozza Claudio
Published: April 2017

The clinical history of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) is characterised by bone marrow insufficiency as well as by the possible evolution into acute leukaemia. However a number of reports highlight the frequent occurrence of autoimmune manifestations involving different sites and organs. The present review will first describe the clinical pictures most often observed in MDS patients. The actual burden of autoimmunity will be then addressed by focusing on the few available registry studies. Finally, the potential collateral impact of specific treatments for MDS on the evolution of autoimmune disorders will be considered.
T2‐Mapping evaluation of early cartilage alteration of talus for chronic lateral ankle instability with isolated anterior talofibular ligament tear or combined with calcaneofibular ligament tear
Authors: Tao Hongyue , Hu Yiwen , Qiao Yang , Ma Kui , Yan Xu , Hua Yinghui , Chen Shuang
Published: April 2017

Purpose

To quantitatively evaluate the cartilage alteration of talus for chronic lateral ankle instability (LAI) with isolated anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) tear and combined ATFL and calcaneofibular ligament (CFL) tear using T2‐mapping at 3.0T.

Materials and Methods

In all, 27 patients including 17 with isolated ATFL tear and 10 with ATFL+CFL tear, and 21 healthy subjects were recruited. All participants underwent T2‐mapping scan at 3T and patients completed American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scoring. The total talar cartilage (TTC) was segmented into six compartments: medial anterior (MA), medial center (MC), medial posterior (MP), lateral anterior (LA), lateral center (LC), and lateral posterior (LP). The T2 value of each compartment was measured from T2‐mapping images. Data were analyzed with one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Student's t‐test, and Pearson's correlation coefficient.

Results

The T2 values of MA, MC, MP, TTC in the ATFL group and MA, MC, MP, LC, LP, TTC in the ATFL+CFL group were higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the T2 values of MC, MP, LC, and TTC in the ATFL+CFL group were higher than those in the ATFL group (P < 0.05). The T2 values of MA in both patient groups were negatively correlated with AOFAS scores (r = –0.596, r = −0.690, P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Chronic LAI with ATFL tear had a trend of increasing cartilage T2 values in talar trochlea, mainly involving medial cartilage compartments. Chronic LAI with ATFL+CFL tear might result in higher T2 values in a much larger cartilage region than with ATFL tear. MA could be the main cartilage compartment that may affect the patient's clinical symptoms.

Level of Evidence: 1

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:69–77.
Center of pressure profiles in unilateral compared to bilateral end‐stage ankle osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Gladish Jonathan R. , Powell Douglas W. , Allison Lindsey E. , Queen Robin M.
Published: April 2017

Ankle osteoarthritis (OA) compromises ankle joint stability in regards to static balance. Unilateral and bilateral osteoarthritis patients often exhibit different limb‐loading patterns during static balance tasks. Symmetrical loading has been posited to improve balance performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify balance performance in both ankle osteoarthritis patient groups. Twenty‐two unilateral and twenty‐one bilateral ankle osteoarthritis patients performed three 10‐s quiet standing trials with their feet together. Ground reaction force data were collected from force platforms with one under each foot. Center of pressure excursion in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions as well as the resultant center of pressure were calculated using custom Matlab software. A 2 × 2 repeated measures ANOVA with Cohen's d were used to analyze the differences between groups (unilateral vs. bilateral) and between limbs (affected vs. unaffected) (α = 0.05). No significant differences were found between limbs or groups in either the anteroposterior or mediolateral direction for any measured variable. Though not statistically different, moderate to large effect sizes were observed for mean resultant distance between unilateral and bilateral (d = 0.096, d: 1.0) as well as anteroposterior excursion (p = 0.077, d: 1.731) and mean velocity (p = 0.084, d: 1.50) between affected and unaffected limbs. These large effect sizes suggested clinically relevant differences may exist, particularly in the anteroposterior direction. These findings may suggest that center of pressure is a better measure of postural strategy while center of mass measures may be more representative of postural steadiness. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2749–2754, 2017.
Ultrasound enhances calcium absorption of jujube fruit by regulating the cellular calcium distribution and metabolism of cell wall polysaccharides
Authors: Zhi Huanhuan , Liu Qiqi , Xu Juan , Dong Yu , Liu Mengpei , Zong Wei
Published: April 2017

BACKGROUND

Ultrasound has been applied in fruit pre‐washing processes. However, it is not sufficient to protect fruit from pathogenic infection throughout the entire storage period, and sometimes ultrasound causes tissue damage. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of calcium chloride (CaCl2, 10 g L−1) and ultrasound (350 W at 40 kHz), separately and in combination, on jujube fruit quality, antioxidant status, tissue Ca2+ content and distribution along with cell wall metabolism at 20 °C for 6 days.

RESULTS

All three treatments significantly maintained fruit firmness and peel color, reduced respiration rate, decay incidence, superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde and preserved higher enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase) and non‐enzymatic (ascorbic acid and glutathione) antioxidants compared with the control. Moreover, the combined treatment was more effective in increasing tissue Ca2+ content and distribution, inhibiting the generation of water‐soluble and CDTA‐soluble pectin fractions, delaying the solubilization of Na2CO3‐soluble pectin and having lower activities of cell wall‐modifying enzymes (polygalacturonase and pectate lyase) during storage.

CONCLUSION

These results demonstrated that the combination of CaCl2 and ultrasound has potential commercial application to extend the shelf life of jujube fruit by facilitating Ca2+ absorption and stabilizing the cell wall structure. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Partial tibial nerve transfer to tibialis anterior for traumatic peroneal nerve palsy
Authors: Ferris Scott , Maciburko Simon J.
Published: April 2017

Background

Partial tibial nerve transfer to the motor branches of tibialis anterior is an emerging reconstructive technique for the treatment of traumatic common peroneal nerve (CPN) injury; however, few papers in the literature describe clinical outcomes.

Methods

A prospective single‐surgeon series of nine consecutive patients who underwent partial tibial nerve transfers to the motor branches of tibialis anterior for traumatic CPN injuries between 2008 and 2014. Eight patients were male and the average age at operation was 28.2 years old (range 21–39). All nine patients experienced high‐energy CPN injuries. The average time to operation was 5.8 months (range 1–10) and all patients scored M0 for ankle dorsiflexion preoperatively according to the Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system. Outcome parameters included time since operation, postoperative MRC grade for ankle dorsiflexion, and the use of an orthosis for walking.

Results

Seven of nine patients achieved an MRC grade of ≥M4, allowing for active dorsiflexion against gravity and some resistance, by a mean of 16.7 months postoperatively (range 8–26) and no longer required an orthosis for walking. No complications were recorded during the procedures, nor were any compromises to the tibial nerve donor site during follow‐up. No patients were lost to follow‐up with an average follow‐up period of 30.8 months (range 15–61).

Conclusions

This series provides good evidence that this evolving reconstructive technique may achieve excellent results and should be considered in traumatic common peroneal nerve injuries that would traditionally rely on conventional nerve grafting alone.
A new blowup criterion for strong solutions to the three‐dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations with vacuum in a bounded domain
Authors: Chen Yingshan , Hou Xiaofeng , Zhu Limei
Published: April 2017

In this paper, we establish a new blowup criterions for the strong solution to the Dirichlet problem of the three‐dimensional compressible MHD system with vacuum. Specifically, we obtain the blowup criterion in terms of the concentration of density in BMO norm or the concentration of the integrability of the magnetic field at the first singular time. The BMO‐type estimate for the Lam
system and a variant of the Brezis‐Waigner's inequality play a critical role in the proof. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An operatorial model for complex political system dynamics
Authors: Di Salvo Rosa , Oliveri Francesco
Published: April 2017

This paper presents an operatorial model based on fermionic operators for the description of the dynamics of political parties affected by turncoat‐like behaviors. By observing the political landscape in place in Italy over the last years, appropriate macro‐groups have been identified on the basis of the behavior of politicians in terms of disloyal attitude as well as openness towards accepting chameleons from other parties. Once introduced, a time‐dependent number‐like operator for each physical observable relevant for the description of the political environment, the analysis of the party system dynamics is carried out by combining the action of a quadratic Hamiltonian operator with certain rules acting periodically on the system in such a way that the parameters entering the model are repeatedly changed so as to express a sort of dependence of them upon the variations of the mean values of the observables. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kantorovich variant of a new kind of q‐Bernstein–Schurer operators
Authors: Ruchi Ruchi , Ispir Nurhayat , Agrawal P. N.
Published: April 2017

Ren and Zeng (2013) introduced a new kind of q‐Bernstein–Schurer operators and studied some approximation properties. Acu et al. (2016) defined the Durrmeyer modification of these operators and studied the rate of convergence and statistical approximation. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a Kantorovich modification of these operators by using q‐Riemann integral and investigate the rate of convergence by means of the Lipschitz class and the Peetre's K‐functional. Next, we introduce the bivariate case of q‐Bernstein–Schurer–Kantorovich operators and study the degree of approximation with the aid of the partial modulus continuity, Lipschitz space, and the Peetre's K‐functional. Finally, we define the generalized Boolean sum operators of the q‐Bernstein–Schurer–Kantorovich type and investigate the approximation of the Bögel continuous and Bögel differentiable functions by using the mixed modulus of smoothness. Furthermore, we illustrate the convergence of the operators considered in the paper for the univariate case and the associated generalized Boolean sum operators to certain functions by means of graphics using Maple algorithms. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire translated into languages spoken by children and adolescents of refugee background
Authors: Stolk Yvonne , Kaplan Ida , Szwarc Josef
Published: April 2017

The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), routinely used to screen for children's and adolescents' emotional and behavioural problems, has been translated into at least 80 languages. As children of refugee background are particularly vulnerable to mental health problems resulting from their refugee experiences, this review examines whether SDQs translated into languages spoken by major refugee groups are validated and culturally equivalent to the original SDQ and sensitive to change following interventions. No reviewed studies of translated SDQs reported on challenges in achieving conceptual and linguistic equivalence in translation. Factor analysis predominantly showed structural inequivalence with the original 5‐factor model, suggesting translated SDQ subscales may measure different constructs. Predictive equivalence findings tended to show somewhat higher sensitivity for detecting disorder than the original SDQ's low sensitivity, and somewhat lower specificity. Outcome studies yielded equivocal results with refugee and immigrant groups. SDQ items do not detect the psychological sequelae of trauma; hence it is recommended that the SDQ be used with caution to screen refugee children, with a follow‐up clinical interview for verification. Cross‐cultural qualitative research is needed into parents' and adolescents' interpretation of translated SDQ items.
Evaluation of the utility of 99mTc‐MDP bone scintigraphy versus MIBG scintigraphy and cross‐sectional imaging for staging patients with neuroblastoma
Authors: Gauguet Jean‐Marc , Pace‐Emerson Tamara , Grant Frederick D. , Shusterman Suzanne , DuBois Steven G. , Frazier A. Lindsay , Voss Stephan D.
Published: April 2017

Purpose

Accurate staging of neuroblastoma requires multiple imaging examinations. The purpose of this study was to determine the relative contribution of 99mTc‐methylene diphosphonate (MDP) bone scintigraphy (bone scan) versus metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy (MIBG scan) for accurate staging of neuroblastoma.

Methods

A medical record search by the identified patients with neuroblastoma from 1993 to 2012 who underwent both MIBG and bone scan for disease staging. Cross‐sectional imaging was used to corroborate the scintigraphy results. Clinical records were used to correlate imaging findings with clinical staging and patient management.

Results

One hundred thirty‐two patients underwent both MIBG and bone scan for diagnosis. All stage 1 (n = 12), 2 (n = 8), and 4S (n = 4) patients had a normal bone scan with no skeletal MIBG uptake. Six of 30 stage 3 patients had false (+) bone scans. In the 78 stage 4 patients, 58/78 (74%) were both skeletal MIBG(+)/bone scan (+). In 56 of the 58 cases, skeletal involvement detected with MIBG was equal to or greater than that detected by bone scan. Only 3/78 had (–) skeletal MIBG uptake and (+) bone scans; all 3 had other sites of metastatic disease. Five of 78 had (+) skeletal MIBG with a (–) bone scan, while 12/78 had no skeletal involvement by either MIBG or bone scan. In no case did a positive bone scan alone determine a stage 4 designation.

Conclusion

In the staging of neuroblastoma, 99mTc‐MDP bone scintigraphy does not identify unique sites of disease that affect disease stage or clinical management, and in the majority of cases bone scans can be omitted from the routine neuroblastoma staging algorithm.
The frequency of QTc prolongation among pediatric and young adult patients receiving methadone for cancer pain
Authors: Madden Kevin , Park Minjeong , Liu Diane , Bruera Eduardo
Published: April 2017

Introduction

A prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval in pediatric patients is defined as ≥470 msec. Methadone can cause a prolonged QTc interval that can lead to ventricular arrhythmias. The risk of methadone‐induced prolongation of the QTc interval in children and young adults is unknown. The purpose of the study was to determine the frequency of QTc prolongation among pediatric and young adult patients with cancer pain on methadone treatment.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed data for all patients on methadone during the study period. Qualifying patient data were reviewed to determine whether these patients had an electrocardiogram (ECG) while on methadone. The QTc values for analysis were manually calculated using the standard formula described by Bazett.

Results

Twenty‐five patients were identified that met eligibility criteria. The median QTc decreased from baseline after initiation of methadone. QTc prolongation occurred in four of 25 (16%) patients and only one patient had a QTc greater than 500 msec. This patient had 17 normal QTc intervals on methadone prior to the prolongation. After resolution of electrolyte abnormalities, six subsequent ECGs on methadone had a normal QTc interval.

Conclusions

Prolongation of the QTc interval is infrequent. The only observed case was transient during multiple comorbid conditions. A prospective study is justified to better understand what role methadone plays as one of many risk factors for prolongation of the QTc interval in children and young adults.
Exemestane potency is unchanged by common nonsynonymous polymorphisms in CYP19A1: results of a novel anti‐aromatase activity assay examining exemestane and its derivatives
Authors: Peterson Amity , Xia Zuping , Chen Gang , Lazarus Philip
Published: April 2017

Exemestane (EXE) treats estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer in postmenopausal women by inhibiting the estrogen‐synthesizing cytochrome P450 CYP19A1. Variability in the severity and incidence of side effects as well as overall drug efficacy may be partially explained by genetic factors, including nonsynonymous variation in CYP19A1, also known as aromatase. The present study identified phase I EXE metabolites in human liver microsomes (HLM) and investigated mechanisms that may alter the extent of systemic estrogen deprivation in EXE‐treated women with breast cancer, including whether functional polymorphisms in aromatase cause differential inhibition by EXE and whether EXE metabolites possess anti‐aromatase activity. The potency of EXE and ten of its derivatives was measured with HEK293‐overexpressed wild type aromatase (CYP19A1*1) using a rapid novel UPLC tandem mass spectrometry method. Of the ten compounds assayed, five were poor inhibitors (IC50 ˃ 50 μmol/L) of wild type aromatase while five others, including the major metabolite, 17β‐dihydroexemestane (17β‐DHE), exhibited moderate potency, with IC50 values ranging between 1.2 and 7.1 μmol/L. The anti‐aromatase activity of EXE was also tested with two common allozymes, aromataseThr201Met (CYP19A1*3) and aromataseArg264Cys (CYP19A1*4). Differential inhibition of variant aromatase is unlikely to account for variable clinical outcomes as EXE‐mediated inhibition of aromataseThr201Met (IC50 = 0.86 ± 0.12 μmol/L) and aromataseArg264Cys (IC50 = 1.7 ± 0.65 μmol/L) did not significantly differ from wild type (IC50 = 0.92 ± 0.17 μmol/L). Although less potent than the parent drug, these results suggest that active metabolites may contribute to the therapeutic mechanism of EXE.