bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Boiling Heat Transfer of T-Shaped Finned Tubes: Experiment and Simulation
Authors: Ding Peishan , Xu Jianmin , Pan Lingfeng , Tan Haibo , Zheng Xiaotao
Published: April 2023

Tubes with enhanced surfaces usually have high boiling heat transfer coefficients which can greatly improve the heat transfer performance under the condition of pool nucleate boiling. In this paper, the boiling heat transfer enhancement behavior was carried out for T-shaped finned tubes, improved T-shaped finned tubes, trapezoidal finned tubes, and smooth tubes. The heat transfer enhancement mechanism in a high boiling medium with different fin shapes was explored. Experimental data show that the boiling heat transfer coefficients of finned tubes with different shapes are 1.4 to 3 times higher than that of the smooth tubes in the same heat load range. Moreover, the tested results were fitted by the correlation formula of heat transfer coefficient, which can be used to guide engineering design. Furthermore, combined with the field coordination theory, the heat transfer characteristics of machining finned tubes were obtained by the software of Fluent. The simulated enhanced heat transfer performances under different heat transfer flux are in good agreement with experimental data.
Model-Free H∞ Output Feedback Control of Road Sensing in Vehicle Active Suspension Based on Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wang Gang , Li Kunpeng , Liu Suqi , Jing Hui
Published: April 2023

An active suspension system ensures the controllability of a vehicle in the vertical direction, which greatly enhances the control redundancy and safety of an intelligent driven vehicle. However, many calibrated model parameters are not conducive to the application of optimal control. To reduce the control cost of active suspension, a model-free H∞ output feedback control method is studied in this research. First, the optimal governing equation of the active suspension is transformed into a zero-sum game problem of two players, and an off-policy reinforcement learning algorithm is established to solve the game algebraic Riccati equation. This method could overcome the disadvantage of constant interactions between Q-learning and the environment. Secondly, with the consideration that some state variables are difficult to measure, a data-driven H∞ output feedback controller is designed using road sensing information and historical measurement data, and the Bellman equation of the system is solved using the least squares method to obtain the optimal control solution of the active suspension. The simulation and rapid prototype experimental results show that the proposed method could produce the optimal control strategy of the system without model parameters, overcome the strong dependence and sensitivity of traditional design methods to model parameters and improve the robust control effect of the active suspension.
Analysis on the Mechanism of Rotating Stall Inner a Pump Turbine in Pump Mode Based on the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition
Authors: Yang Jun , Feng Xianhua , Liao Zhenyang , Pan Kaixin , Liu Xiaohua
Published: April 2023

An in-depth understanding of stall behavior is essential to improve the safe and stable operation of the pump turbine. In this research, the detached eddy simulation (DES) is used to investigate the various characteristics and propagation mechanism of the rotating stall of the hump instability region. The frequency characteristics and spatial intensity distribution of the stall cells are studied by adopting the proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method. The results indicate that the energy loss at 0.80QDES and 0.75QDES are induced by the rotating stall with three cells that occur in the diffuser flow channel, and the corresponding high amplitude frequencies are St0.0074 and St0.0111, respectively. The effect of the stall cells is particularly severe near the hub. When the flow rate is further reduced to 0.68QDES, the three rotating stall cells develop into two symmetrically distributed stable stall cells with no definite characteristic frequencies, and the blocking phenomenon is concentrated near the shroud. With the stall cells losing their rotational characteristics, they have less impact on the flow field and contribute less energy. This paper also reveals that the energy loss in the diffuser contributes significantly to the hump formation on the performance curve.
Timing of Resistance Training During Ramadan Fasting and Its Effects on Muscle Strength and Hypertrophy
Authors: Triki Raoua , Zouhal Hassane , Chtourou Hamdi , Salhi Iyed , Jebabli Nidhal , Saeidi Ayoub , Laher Ismail , Hackney Anthony C. , Granacher Urs , Ben Abderrahman Abderraouf
Published: April 2023

Purpose: During Ramadan month, Muslims often continue training to maintain their muscle performance. However, trainers should stress the importance of the time of day chosen for practicing resistance training (RT) during Ramadan fasting to avoid health and performance alteration. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of the timing of RT during Ramadan intermittent fasting (RIF) on muscle strength and hypertrophy in healthy male adults. Methods: Forty men were randomly allocated to 2 matched groups: 20 practicing whole-body RT in the late afternoon in a fasted state and 20 training in the late evening in a fed state (FED). Both groups performed 4 days per week of whole-body RT (∼75%–85% 1-repetition maximum, 12 repetitions/3–4 sets) during RIF. Anthropometric measurements and 1-repetition-maximum test for the squats, deadlift, and bench press were measured. A cross-sectional area of the quadriceps and biceps brachii was examined using ultrasound scans. All measurements were taken at 4 time points: 24 hours before the start of Ramadan, on the 15th day of Ramadan, on the 29th day of Ramadan, and 21 days after Ramadan. Results: Post hoc tests indicated significant preimprovement to postimprovement in FED at the 29th day of Ramadan for the 1-repetition-maximum test for the squats (P = .02; effect size = 0.21) and deadlift (P = .03; effect size = 0.24) when compared to 24 hours before the start of Ramadan. No significant changes were observed in the fasted-state group or for cross-sectional area for both groups. Conclusions: Practicing RT during RIF appears not to have adverse effects on muscle hypertrophy and strength no matter whether it is practiced in FED or fasted state. However, RT had greater effects on muscle strength when applied in FED. Our findings suggest that training sessions should be scheduled after breaking the fast during Ramadan.
Does the Game Matter? Analyzing Sponsorship Effectiveness and Message Personalization in Sport Live Broadcasts
Authors: Herold Elisa , Breuer Christoph
Published: April 2023

This study aims to increase the effective use of in-stadium sponsor message placement by analyzing the influence of various run-of-play characteristics on television viewers’ visual attention allocation. Sports broadcasts constitute one potential platform for sponsors to place personalized messages. However, literature still questions the effectiveness of in-stadium sponsor messages, and the influence of game-related factors on viewers’ visual attention has received little consideration in this context. In addition, researchers call for more reliable and realistic measures concerning the effective evaluation of sponsorship-linked marketing. Therefore, this study uses real-time adaptions (eye-tracking, in-play betting odds, etc.) utilizing live soccer broadcasts as one of the first. Data were analyzed second by second (n = 100,298) using generalized linear mixed models. Results indicate significant associations of several run-of-play characteristics with viewers’ visual attention to sponsor messages depending on the characteristic, the games’ degree of suspense, and playing time. Findings provide hands-on advice for practitioners to enhance sponsor message placement during live broadcasts.
Understanding the Leadership and Environmental Mechanisms in a Super League Netball Club
Authors: Vinson Don , Navin Anita , Lamont Alison , Turnnidge Jennifer , Côté Jean
Published: April 2023

The personal assets framework offers a lens to better understand the relationship between leadership in sport environments and the resultant (athlete) developmental outcomes. This investigation aimed to explore how leadership behaviors and the broader environment of a Super League netball club represented an effective context for athletes to flourish by exploring the interrelations between the personal assets framework’s dynamic elements, namely (a) quality social dynamics, (b) appropriate settings, and (c) personal engagement in activities. Twenty-eight stakeholders were interviewed either individually or in small groups. The results revealed that the environment constructed was shaped by many interrelated mechanisms, and all stakeholders influenced how the dynamic elements intersected with one another. Key leadership behaviors driving the positive environment of the club were related to individualization and generating perceptions of value. The stakeholders’ desire to understand the relationship between their individual contribution and Super League netball was also crucial.
Serratia marcescens Colonization in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Has Multiple Sources, with Sink Drains as a Major Reservoir
Authors: Bourdin Thibault , Benoit Marie-Ève , Monnier Alizée , Bédard Emilie , Prévost Michèle , Charron Dominique , Audy Nathalie , Gravel Sophie , Sicard Mélanie , Quach Caroline , Déziel Eric , Constant Philippe
Published: April 2023

The bacterium
Serratia marcescens
is an important opportunistic human pathogen that thrives in many environments, can become multidrug resistant, and is often involved in nosocomial outbreaks in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). We evaluated the role of sinks during five suspected
S. marcescens
outbreaks in a NICU.
Antimicrobial-Resistant
Enterobacterales
Recovered from the Environment of Two Zoological Institutions Include Enterobacter cloacae Complex ST171 Producing KPC-4 Carbapenemase
Authors: Ballash Gregory A. , Mathys Dimi A. , Feicht Sydnee M. , Mollenkopf Dixie F. , Albers Amy L. , Adams Rachael J. , Wittum Thomas E.
Published: April 2023

Environmental surfaces can be a source of antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) bacteria that pose a risk to human and animal health. Zoological institutions are unique environments where exotic animals, staff, and visitors intermingle and antimicrobials are used to maintain animal health.
High Genetic Diversity of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Recovered in Nigerian Hospitals in 2016 to 2020
Authors: Odih Erkison Ewomazino , Oaikhena Anderson O. , Underwood Anthony , Hounmanou Yaovi Mahuton Gildas , Oduyebo Oyinlola O. , Fadeyi Abayomi , Aboderin Aaron O. , Ogunleye Veronica O. , Argimón Silvia , Akpunonu Vitus Nnaemeka , Oshun Phillip O. , Egwuenu Abiodun , Okwor Tochi J. , Ihekweazu Chikwe , Aanensen David M. , Dalsgaard Anders , Okeke Iruka N.
Published: April 2023

Acinetobacter baumannii
bacteria are increasingly clinically relevant due to their propensity to harbor genes conferring resistance to multiple antimicrobials, as well as their ability to persist and disseminate in hospital environments and cause difficult-to-treat nosocomial infections. Little is known about the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiles of these organisms in Nigeria, largely due to limited capacity for their isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.
Influence of Maternal Breast Milk and Vaginal Microbiome on Neonatal Gut Microbiome: a Longitudinal Study during the First Year
Authors: Bhattacharyya Chandrika , Barman Diganta , Tripathi Devashish , Dutta Soumita , Bhattacharya Chandra , Alam Mahabub , Choudhury Parveena , Devi Utpala , Mahanta Jagadish , Rasaily Reeta , Basu Analabha , Paine Suman K.
Published: April 2023

Gut microbiome architecture seems to have a potential impact on host metabolism, health, and nutrition. Early life gut microbiome development is considered a crucial phenomenon for neonatal health as well as adulthood metabolic complications.
High Levels of Detection of Nonpneumococcal Species of Streptococcus in Saliva from Adults in the United States
Authors: Hislop Maikel S. , Allicock Orchid M. , Thammavongsa Darani A. , Mbodj Sidiya , Nelson Allison , Shaw Albert C. , Weinberger Daniel M. , Wyllie Anne L.
Published: April 2023

Testing saliva samples with quantitative PCR (qPCR) improves the sensitivity of detection of pneumococcal carriage. The qPCR assay targeting
lytA
, the gene encoding the major pneumococcal autolysin, has become widely accepted for the identification of pneumococcus and is even considered the “gold standard” by many.
Autoimmune limbic encephalitis mimicking inferior myocardial infarction on ECG
Authors: Zeitjian Armen , Noor Benjamin , Chand Robin
Published: April 2023

A man in his 60s with prior history of coronary artery bypass graft was found collapsed, unresponsive on the floor by family. ECG demonstrated an inferior ST elevation myocardial infarction. However, coronary angiography was negative for a culprit lesion. A faciobrachial dystonic seizure was witnessed during his hospitalisation, ultimately leading to a diagnosis of leucine-rich glioma-inactivated 1 (LGI-1) autoimmune encephalitis. It is likely that neurogenic stunned myocardium led to this presentation.
Intergenerational spillover effects of antiretroviral therapy in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review and future directions for research
Authors: Schröder Henning , Yapa H. Manisha , Gómez-Olivé Francesc Xavier , Thirumurthy Harsha , Seeley Janet , Bärnighausen Till , De Neve Jan-Walter
Published: April 2023

Background

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) may influence individuals who do not receive the intervention but who are connected in some way to the person who does. Relatively little is known, however, about the size and scope of, what we term, spillover effects of ART. We explored intergenerational spillover effects of ART in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and identified several directions for future research.

Methods

We conducted a scoping review between March and April 2022. We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, EconLit, OTseeker, AIDSInfo, Web of Science, CINHAL, Google Scholar and African Index Medicus. We analysed the distribution of included studies over time and summarised their findings. We examined the intergenerational impact of ART provision to working-age adults living with HIV on children (‘downward’ spillover effects) and older adults (‘upward’ spillover effects). We categorised types of intergenerational spillover effects according to broad themes which emerged from our analysis of included studies.

Findings

We identified 26 studies published between 2005 and 2022 with 16 studies assessing spillover effects from adults to children (downward), and 1 study explicitly assessing spillover effects from working-age adults to older adults (upward). The remaining studies did not fully specify the direction of spillover effects. Most spillover effects of ART to household and family members were beneficial and included improvements in wealth, labour market outcomes, health outcomes and health services utilisation, schooling, and household composition. Both children and older adults benefited from ART availability among adults. Detrimental spillover effects were only reported in three studies and included financial and opportunity costs associated with health services utilisation and food insecurity in the first year after ART.

Conclusions

ART may lead to substantial spillover effects across generations and sectors in SSA. Further research is needed to capitalise on positive spillover effects while mitigating potential negative spillover effects. The returns to investments in large-scale health interventions such as ART may be underestimated without considering these societal benefits.
Epidemiology of adverse events attributed to airway management in paediatric anaesthesia: protocol for the prospective, multicentre, registry-based, cross-sectional Japan Pediatric Difficult Airway in Anesthesia study (J-PEDIA)
Authors: Kojima Taiki , Yamauchi Yusuke , Watanabe Fumio , Ichiyanagi Shogo , Kobayashi Yasuma , Kaiho Yu , Kasuya Shugo , Urayama Kevin Y , Kuratani Norifumi , Suzuki Yasuyuki
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Failure to secure an airway during general anaesthesia is a major cause of adverse events (AEs) in children. The safety of paediatric anaesthesia may be improved by identifying the incidence of AEs and their attributed risk factors. The aim of the current study is to obtain real-world data on the incidence of adverse peri-intubation events and assess their association with patient characteristics (including the prevalence of difficult airway features) and choice of anaesthesia management. These data can be used to develop a targeted education programme for anaesthesia providers towards quality improvement activities.

Methods and analysis

This prospective, multicentre, registry-based, cross-sectional study will be conducted in four tertiary care hospitals in Japan from June 2022 to May 2025. Children <18 years of age undergoing surgical and/or diagnostic test procedures under general anaesthesia or sedation by anaesthesiologists will be enrolled in this study. Data on patient characteristics, discipline of anaesthesia providers and methodology of airway management will be collected through a standardised verification system. The exposure of interest is the presence of difficult airway features defined based on the craniofacial appearance. The primary and secondary endpoints are all AEs associated with airway management and reduced peripheral capillary oxygen saturation values. Potential confounders are related to the failure to secure the airway and variations in the anaesthesia providers’ levels, adjusted using hierarchical multivariable regression models with mixed effects. The sample size was calculated to be approximately 16 000 assuming a 99% probability of obtaining a 95% Wilson CI with±0.3% of the half-width for the 2.0% of the incidence of critical AEs.

Ethics and dissemination

The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board at Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center (2021051). The results will be reported in a peer-reviewed journal and a relevant academic conference.

Trial registration number

UMIN000047351.
Factors associated with having COVID-19 among unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women in Metro Manila, Philippines: a multicentre longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Llamas-Clark Erlidia F , Heralde Francisco M , Lumandas Mayan U , Cagayan Maria Stephanie Fay S , Villanueva-Uy Maria Esterlita T , Chavez-Coloma Leilani C , Valencia Eleyneth I , Cabana Charizze Anne S , Espinosa Lea Bernadette H , Anzures Cynthia U , Andal Maria Lu D , Martin Carolina Paula C , Suarez Patricia Nevira V , Quanico Celine D , Beltran Julia B , de Guzman Vanessa D , Capitulo Ryan B , Dominguez Arlene R , Recio Abygail L , Feliciano Jeremiah F , Baja Emmanuel S , Rosell-Ubial Paulyn Jean B
Published: April 2023

Objective

To determine the potential risk factors associated with having COVID-19 among unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Design

A multicentre prospective cohort study among eligible women in Metro Manila, Philippines, from 2020 to 2022.

Setting

Five national and local hospital research sites altogether recruited and screened 500 consenting eligible individuals.

Participants

Pregnant and non-pregnant participants meeting the eligibility criteria were admitted for a reverse-transcription PCR determination of SARS-CoV-2, pregnancy testing and ultrasound, and an interview with an administered questionnaire.

Exposures

Primary exposure was pregnancy; secondary exposures involve sociodemographic, lifestyle and obstetric-gynaecologic factors.

Outcome measure

Outcome being measured was COVID-19 status.

Results

The significant COVID-19 risk factors were: pregnancy (PR=1.184, 95% CI 1.096, 1.279), having a white-collar job (PR=1.123, 95% CI 1.02, 1.235), travelling abroad (PR=1.369, 95% CI 1.083, 1.173) and being infected by at least one vaccine-preventable disease (VPD) (PR=1.208, 95% CI 1.113, 1.310). Protective factors included having graduate-level education (PR=0.787, 95% CI 0.649, 0.954), immunisation against a VPD (PR=0.795, 95% CI 0.733, 0.862) and practising contraception (PR=0.889, 95% CI 0.824, 0.960).

Conclusion

This study is the first in the country to determine the risks influencing COVID-19 infection among unvaccinated pregnant and non-pregnant women. Pregnancy is a significant risk for COVID-19 among women in Metro Manila. Educational attainment and positive health behaviours seem to confer protection. Occupations and activities that increase the frequency of interactions, as well as history of communicable diseases may predispose women to COVID-19. Further studies are needed to elucidate the development of the disease in pregnant women, including the maternal and neonatal effects of COVID-19 via potential vertical mechanisms of transmission.
Methocarbamol versus diazepam in acute low back pain in the emergency department: a randomised double-blind clinical trial
Authors: Sharifi Meisam , Abdorazzaghnejad Ali , Yazdchi Mahtab , Bahreini Maryam
Published: April 2023

Background

Acute low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint in the emergency department and achieving effective analgesia can be challenging.

Methods

In this multicentre randomised double-blind clinical trial conducted at three EDs in Iran from August to November 2020, we assessed the efficacy and adverse effects of two muscle relaxants in patients aged 18 years or older who suffered LBP in the last 6 weeks. Group 1 received intravenous methocarbamol and group 2 received intravenous diazepam followed by a weight-based dose of intravenous morphine in both groups. Exclusion criteria mainly included non-spine aetiologies, cord compression, acute gastrointestinal bleeding, renal/hepatic insufficiency, pregnancy, breast feeding and unstable vital signs. Pain scores and adverse events were measured by a Numeric Rating Scale (NRS) at baseline and after 30 and 60 min by one of the researchers who was not involved with patient visits and was blinded to the intervention. We usedt-test to assess the mean difference of NRS at 30 and 60 min.

Results

Out of 101 enrolled patients, 50 participants received methocarbamol and 51 diazepam. The baseline mean pain scores and demographic characteristics were not different between the study groups. Pain scores were reduced by both agents after 60 min, with slightly greater pain reductions in the diazepam group in comparison with methocarbamol (mean difference −6.1, 95% CI −6.5 to −5.7 vs mean difference −5.2, 95% CI –5.7 to −4.7, respectively, p<0.001). ED length of stay of patients did not differ between the groups (methocarbamol 5.9 vs diazepam 4.8 hours, p=0.365). Patients receiving diazepam were more likely to report drowsiness (2 (4.0%) vs 15 (29.4%), p=0.001).

Conclusions

In patients with LBP, the pain was relieved in the methocarbamol and diazepam groups after 60 min. Although diazepam was more effective, its use was associated with a slightly higher risk of drowsiness.

Trial registration number

The protocol of this clinical trial was prospectively registered in the irct.ir (IRCTID: IRCT20151113025025N4;https://irct.ir/trial/50148) .
Symptomatic non-stenotic carotid disease: current challenges and opportunities for diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Ospel Johanna Maria , Kappelhof Manon , Ganesh Aravind , Kallmes David F , Brinjikji Waleed , Goyal Mayank
Published: April 2023

Symptomatic non-stenotic carotid plaques (SyNC) are an under-researched and under-recognized source of stroke. Various imaging markers of non-stenotic carotid plaques that are associated with stroke risk have been identified, but these causal relationships need to be confirmed in additional prospective studies. Currently, there exists neither a standardized SyNC definition nor a dedicated set of imaging protocols, although researchers have started to address these shortcomings. Moreover, many neuroradiologists are still unaware of the condition, and hence do not comment on high-risk plaque features other than stenosis in their reports. Regarding SyNC treatment, scant data exist as to whether and to what extent medical, interventional and surgical treatments could influence the course of the disease; the relative lack of data on the ‘natural’ history of untreated SyNC makes treatment comparisons difficult. In our opinion, endovascular SyNC treatment represents the most promising treatment option for SyNC, since it allows for targeted elimination of the embolic source, with few systemic side effects and without the need for general anesthesia. However, currently available carotid devices are designed to treat stenotic lesions, and thus are not optimally designed for SyNC. Developing a device specifically tailored to SyNC could be an important step towards establishing endovascular SyNC treatment in clinical practice. In this review, we provide an overview of the current state of evidence with regard to epidemiological, clinical and imaging features of SyNC, propose a SyNC definition based on imaging and clinical features, and outline a possible pathway towards evidence-based SyNC therapies, with a special focus on endovascular SyNC treatment.
Intraoperative angiography during neurosurgical procedures on patients in prone, three-quarters prone, and park-bench positions: tertiary single-center experience with systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Vivanco-Suarez Juan , Sioutas Georgios S , Matache Irina-Mihaela , Muhammad Najib , Salem Mohamed M , Kandregula Sandeep , Jankowitz Brian T , Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Srinivasan Visish M
Published: April 2023

Background

There is limited evidence about the role and effectiveness of intraoperative angiography (IOA) during neurosurgical procedures with patients in prone, three-quarters prone, and park-bench positions.

Objective

To carry out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature to evaluate the safety and efficacy of IOA during neurosurgical procedures.

Methods

We reviewed (between January 1960 and July 2022) all studies in which IOAs were performed during neurosurgical procedures with patients in either prone, three-quarters prone, or park-bench positions. Additionally, a cohort of patients from our institutional experience was included. Efficacy outcomes were the rate of successful angiography and the rate of surgical adjustment/revision after IOA. Safety outcomes were the rate of angiography-related complications and mortality. Data were analyzed using a random-effects meta-analysis of proportions, and statistical heterogeneity was assessed.

Results

A total of 26 studies with 142 patients plus 32 subjects from our institution were included in the analysis. The rate of successful intraoperative angiography was 98% (95% CI 94% to 99%; I2=0%). The rate of surgical adjustment/revision was 18% (95% CI 12% to 28%; I2=0%). The rate of complications related to the angiography was 1% (95% CI 0% to 5%; I2=0%). There were no deaths associated with IOA.

Conclusion

We found that IOA performed with patients in prone, three-quarters prone, and park-bench positions is feasible and safe with a non-negligible rate of intraoperative post-angiographical surgical adjustment/revision. Our findings suggest that the performance of IOA to complement vascular neurosurgical procedures might have a valuable role in favoring patient outcomes.
National Institutes of Health grant funding for cerebrovascular diseases
Authors: Kobeissi Hassan , Jabal Mohamed Sobhi , Ghozy Sherief , Arul Santhosh , Naylor Ryan M , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Brinjikji Waleed , Kallmes David F
Published: April 2023

Background

Federal research funding is highly sought after but may be challenging to attain. A clear understanding of funding for specific diseases, such as cerebrovascular disorders, might help researchers regarding which National Institutes of Health (NIH) institutes fund research into specific disorders and grant types.

Objective

To examine the current scope of NIH grant funding for cerebrovascular conditions.

Methods

The NIH-developed RePORTER was used to extract active NIH-funded studies related to cerebrovascular diseases through January 2023. Duplicate studies were removed, and projects were manually screened and labeled in subcategories as clinical and basic science and as research subcategories. Extracted data included total funding, grant types, institutions that received funding, and diseases studied. Python (version 3.9) and SciPy library were used for statistical analyses.

Results

We identified 1232 cerebrovascular projects across seven diseases with US$699 952 926 in total funding. The cerebrovascular diseases with the greatest number of grants were ischemic stroke (705, or 57.2% of all funded projects), carotid disease (193, or 15.7%), and hemorrhagic stroke (163, or 13.2%). R01 grants were the most common mechanism of funding (632 grants, or 51.3%). The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) funded the most projects (504 projects; US$325 536 405), followed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) (376 projects; US$216 784 546).

Conclusion

Cerebrovascular disease receives roughly US$700 million in NIH funding. Ischemic stroke accounts for the majority of NIH-funded cerebrovascular projects, and R01 grants are the most common funding mechanism. Notably, NHLBI provides a large proportion of funding, in addition to NINDS.
Making the ‘genetic counsellor’ in the UK, 1980–1995
Authors: Bangham Jenny
Published: April 2023

The professional identity of the ‘genetic counsellor’ first took shape in the UK in the early 1990s, when the University of Manchester established the country’s first masters-level training course. Postwar, genetic counselling had been carried out by (male) clinical geneticists, who, alongside their research, clinical and field-building activities, met patients and families to discuss inherited conditions and risk estimates, and who sometimes advised parents whether to attempt or continue pregnancies. By contrast, the new cohort of students in Manchester in the 1990s were not medically trained, were mostly women, and were schooled in the psychological and social consequences of genetic testing and diagnosis, as well as methods for the care, support and emotional management of patients and families. This was a significant change both in the practices of ‘genetic counselling’ and who was expected to practise it. Focusing on a small section of this history, between 1980 and 1995, this paper describes some of the historical threads that contributed to this change. It charts the early work of genetic nurses and social workers, who in the 1980s carved out distinctive roles within National Health Service genetics centres. It describes the separate, specialist provision developed by sickle cell and thalassaemia counsellors, who developed new approaches in dialogue with racialised and underserved patient communities. It examines growing interest in the late 1980s and early 1990s in the tacit social and cultural conditions of genetic counselling encounters, and how this cohered with attention from disability scholars, psychologists and social scientists. By describing these historical contributions, this paper explores how the intersecting gendered, racialised and disciplinary politics of clinical genetics shaped the new professional role of the ‘genetic counsellor’.
Experiences of initiating rapid antiretroviral therapy among people newly diagnosed with HIV in East London: a qualitative study
Authors: Dhairyawan Rageshri , Milner Adrienne , Thornhill John P , Kwardem Longret , Matin Nashaba , Orkin Chloe , Deane Kevin
Published: April 2023

Objectives

We aimed to explore the experiences of people who initiated rapid antiretroviral therapy (ART) within 7 days of HIV diagnosis, as part of routine care in London.

Methods

Using purposive sampling, 18 in-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted between December 2020 and September 2021 with people who started rapid ART at Barts Health NHS Trust. Participants aged 22–69 years included 15 cisgender men and three cisgender women. Five identified as heterosexual and 13 as gay and bisexual and other men who have sex with men. Ethnic identities: six White Non-UK, five White UK, three Black Caribbean, two South Asian and two East Asian. Interviews explored feelings about the new HIV diagnosis, attitudes to rapid ART including barriers to and facilitators of starting. Thematic analysis of transcribed interviews was undertaken.

Results

Four themes were identified: (1) being offered rapid ART is acceptable; (2) it is a way of taking control of their health; (3) the need for information and support and (4) an individualised approach to care. Reasons for starting included getting well, staying well and reducing the likelihood of passing on HIV. Facilitators included being given comprehensive information about treatment and managing potential side-effects and a supportive clinical team. Support specified included a non-judgemental attitude, approachability, reassurance, encouragement and information about peer support. Most participants expressed they could not understand why people would not begin treatment, but suggested needing more time to decide and denial of diagnosis as possible barriers.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first qualitative study exploring the experiences of people initiating rapid ART in the UK. It was deemed acceptable to an ethnically diverse, predominantly male sample of people newly diagnosed with HIV. Future research should include strategies to recruit a more gender diverse sample and those who declined or stopped rapid ART.
Tobacco control research on the African continent: a 22-year literature review and network analysis
Authors: Twesten Jenny E , Stecher Chad , Arinaitwe Jim , Parascandola Mark
Published: April 2023

Objective

Describe the landscape of tobacco-related topics, funders and institutional networks in Africa.

Data sources

We searched PubMed, Embase and African Index Medicus for published articles from January 1996 to August 2018 in any language.

Study selection

Two researchers independently reviewed titles and abstracts for a focus on nicotine or tobacco product(s) and describe data or recommendations specific to Africa. Ultimately, 818 articles were identified.

Data extraction

Three independent coders conducted qualitative analyses of articles and extracted funders, study populations, countries of research focus, research topics, tobacco products, study design and data source. A bibliometric analysis estimated coauthorship networks between the countries of authors’ primary institutional affiliation.

Data synthesis

All 54 African countries were represented in two or more articles. The coauthorship network included 2714 unique authors representing 90 countries. Most articles employed a cross-sectional study design with primary data collection, focused on cigarettes and studied use behaviour. Few articles examined tobacco farming or interventions for cessation or prevention. The most frequently cited funder was the US National Institutes of Health (27.2%). A range of coauthorship patterns existed between African institutions with some coauthoring with one institution while others coauthored with 761 institutions in other African countries.

Conclusions

The literature review identified the need for implementation research for tobacco control interventions and policies, economic and development impacts of tobacco use research, and tobacco industry and tobacco production and farming research. Numbers of research collaborations between institutions in Africa vary, suggesting the need for regional institutional capacity building.
Constant-roll inflation in modified $$f(R,\phi )$$ gravity model using Palatini formalism
Authors: Panda Sukanta , Rana Arun , Thakur Rahul
Published: April 2023

In this work, we study a constant-roll inflationary model in the Palatini formalism using modified gravity. Here our action consists a non-minimal coupling of a scalar field $$\phi $$
ϕ
with Ricci scalar R in a general form of $$f(R,\phi )$$

f
(
R
,
ϕ
)

. Using Palatini approach, we write its equivalent scalar-tensor form in the Einstein frame and then apply the constant-roll condition in the equation of motion for the inflaton field. Later the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the spectral index are calculated using the slow-roll parameters and the results obtained are matched with the Planck 2018 data. We found that the results agree nicely with the observations within the parameter regime under consideration.
Investor Attention, Fee Structure, and Newly Issued Funds
Authors: Chen Hong-Yi , Chen Hsuan-Chi , Lai Christine W. , Yang Pei-Ling
Published: April 2023

This study examines the impact of investor attention on the fund inflows and survival of newly issued equity and bond funds. We employ the residual search volume index (RSVI) from Google Trends to directly measure investor attention to a mutual fund. We find that the RSVI is positively related to fund inflows for both new equity and bond funds. However, the RSVI is only positively related to the probability of survival for new equity funds, not for new bond funds. These results suggest that in addition to traditional channels such as advertising and sales forces, the Internet can serve as an alternative and effective tool for marketing and product distribution in the mutual fund industry.
Dynamic Analysis and Independent High-Order Nonlinear Dynamics of a Rotor-Bearing-Finger Seal System
Authors: Zhang Sai , Xu Yeyin , Zhao Runchao , Jiao Yinghou , Chen Zhaobo
Published: April 2023

Finger seals are widely investigated because of their excellent sealing performance. The finger beam can deform to adapt to the rotor radial vibration when working. The seal is in contact with the rotor surface. Such nonlinear contact forces induce instability and high-order independent nonlinear vibrations, which are harmful to the rotor system. Previous research has usually focused on the finger itself, while the impact of a particular finger end, called the foot, has not drawn much attention. In this paper, a nonlinear finger seal force model considering the interaction between the feet of adjacent laminates is established. It is characterized by coupling rotor displacement and seal deformation and agrees well with the finite element simulation. Based on the Timoshenko beam theory and short bearing assumption, a rotor-bearing-finger seal system is established. The nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the system are analyzed through spectrum cascades, bifurcation diagrams, Poincaré maps, etc. The effects of rotational speed, eccentricity, pressure difference, and the number of seal laminates are studied. The period doubling evolution of the nonlinear vibrations is discussed. High-order independent nonlinear vibrations are discovered, and their detailed nonlinear mechanisms are revealed. This research provides a theoretical basis for the rotor-bearing-finger seal system.
Bubble coalescence in interacting system of DNA molecules
Authors: Rozikov U. A.
Published: April 2023

We consider two models of interacting DNA molecules: First is (four parametric) bubble coalescence model in interacting DNAs (shortly: BCI-DNA). Second is (three parametric) bubble coalescence model in a condensed DNA molecules (shortly BCC-DNA). To study bubble coalescence thermodynamics of BCI-DNA and BCC-DNA models we use methods of statistical physics. Namely, we define Hamiltonian of each model and give their translation-invariant Gibbs measures (TIGMs). For the first model, we find parameters such that corresponding Hamiltonian has up to three TIGMs (three phases of system) biologically meaning existence of three states: “No bubble coalescence”, “Dominated soft zone”, “Bubble coalescence”. For the second model, we show that for any (admissible) parameters, this model has unique TIGM. This is a state where “No bubble coalescence” phase dominates.
Qualitative behavior of discrete-time Caputo–Fabrizio logistic model with Allee effect
Authors: Karakaya Hatice , Kartal Şenol , Öztürk İlhan
Published: April 2023

The aim of this paper is to investigate the dynamic behaviors of fractional- order logistic model with Allee effects in Caputo–Fabrizio sense. First of all, we apply the two-step Adams–Bashforth scheme to discretize the fractional-order logistic differential equation and obtain the two-dimensional discrete system. The parametric conditions for local asymptotic stability of equilibrium points are obtained by Schur–Chon criterion. Moreover, we discuss the existence and direction for Neimark–Sacker bifurcations with the help of center manifold theorem and bifurcation theory. Numerical simulations are provided to illustrate theoretical discussion. It is observed that Allee effect plays an important role in stability analysis. Strong Allee effect in population enhances the stability of the coexisting steady state. In additional, the effect of fractional-order derivative on dynamic behavior of the system is also investigated.
Progress in photocapacitors: A review
Authors: Song Zeyu , Hao Zhongkai , Zhang Xu , Wu Jihuai
Published: April 2023

In recent years, there has been a gradual increase in the development and research of photocapacitors as integrated devices, which hold the potential to address the intermittent output problem of solar cells. However, the overall efficiency of existing photocapacitors is much lower than that of the photovoltaic devices they employ, greatly limiting their usability. As photocapacitors are at the intersection of photovoltaic devices and supercapacitors, the development of these devices is still in its initial stage, and the related research is faced with numerous challenges. This review provides a constructive introduction to the classification of photocapacitors and briefly outlines the development process. Finally, the problems of photocapacitors that need to be solved are pointed out.
How Do Investors Prefer for Banks to Transition to Basel Internal Models: Mandatorily or Voluntarily?
Authors: Penikas Henry , Skarednova Anastasia , Surkov Mikhail
Published: April 2023

The recently finalised Basel Framework continues to allow banks to use internal data and models to define risk estimates and use them to compute their capital adequacy ratios. Globally, there are more than two thousand banks running Basel internal models. However, there are countries that have no such banks. They face the dilemma of which of the transition paths to adopt: the voluntary path, as in the EU, or the mandatory path, as in the US. Our objective is to take an investor’s perspective and benchmark the two modes. Thus, we wish to determine whether there is a premium for either of them or whether they are, perhaps, equivalent. The novelty of our research is in its robust estimate that investors prefer a mandatory transition to a voluntary one if we consider the period of the 2007–2009 crisis. However, the use of the common post-crisis sample yields the opposite conclusion. A voluntary transition is preferred, though it implies a rise in stock volatility, and thus, the overall risk-return relationship is preserved. This is mostly driven by the tighter used when adopting internal models in the US compared to the EU. European banks have had more room to expand their business after the IRB transition, while for US banks, the transition involved a reduction in business, all else being equal. Our findings are of value primarily to emerging economies such as Argentina or Indonesia.
3D-QSAR and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel GPR52 Agonists
Authors: Gu Qingshan , Hou Jingxuan , Gao Hui , Shi Meiqi , Zhuang Ying , Wu Qingkun , Zheng Lu
Published: April 2023

To study the three-dimensional quantitative structure–activity relationship (3D-QSAR) of a series of GPR52 agonists, comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) were used to establish 3D-QSAR models. The cross-validation coefficient ([Formula: see text]), non-cross validation coefficient ([Formula: see text]) and standard error of estimate (SEE) of the constructed CoMFA model were 0.679, 0.981 and 0.058, respectively. While those for the CoMSIA model were 0.661, 0.846 and 0.110, respectively. The internal and external validation parameters showed that the constructed 3D-QSAR models had good prediction ability and significant statistical reliability. According to the information provided by 3D-QSAR analysis, new compounds were designed, and the molecular docking together with absorption, distribution, metabolism, exclusion, toxicity (ADMET) prediction results showed that the new compounds had good GPR52 agonistic activity.
Lessons learned from
in situ
corrosion experiments in the HADES URL
Authors: Kursten Bruno , Caes Sébastien , de Souza Valdir , Gaggiano Roberto
Published: April 2023

A wide range of metals have been studied as a candidate container material to be considered in the geological disposal concept of high-level radioactive waste and spent fuel in Belgium. More than 40 years ago, SCK CEN started studies on the corrosion of these metals. The HADES underground research laboratory (URL) played an important role in the corrosion research as it enabled
in situ
corrosion experiments to be carried out that simulate realistic disposal conditions as closely as possible. These experiments consisted of placing metallic coupons on a steel support tube, heated from the inside, that was installed in Boom Clay, thereby exposing the coupons to various conditions representative of the disposal concept that was considered at that time. Test durations lasted from 6 months to approximately 7.5 years. This paper summarizes the results from the various corrosion studies and discusses their implications in the choice of disposal concept. One of the main outcomes of these experiments was a change of rationale regarding the choice of the container material from carbon steel (corrosion-allowance) to stainless steel (corrosion-resistant). The main arguments for this change were the need to avoid severe pitting corrosion during the aerobic period and to minimize the generation of hydrogen gas during the subsequent anaerobic period.
Supporting Complex Decision-Making: Evidence from an Eye Tracking Study on In-Person and Remote Collaboration
Authors: Wisiecka Katarzyna , Konishi Yuumi , Krejtz Krzysztof , Zolfaghari Mahshid , Kopainsky Birgit , Krejtz Izabela , Koike Hideki , Fjeld Morten
Published: April 2023

This article examines the attentional mechanism of in-person collaboration by means of System Dynamics-based simulations using an eye tracking experiment. Three experimental conditions were tested: in-person collaboration, remote collaboration, and single user. We hypothesized that collaboration focuses users’ attention on key information facilitating decision-making. Collaborating participants dwelt longer on key elements of the simulation than single users. Moreover, in-person collaboration and single users yielded a strategy of decision-making similar to an optimal strategy. Finally, in-person collaboration was less cognitively demanding and of higher quality. The contribution of this article is a deeper understanding of how in-person collaboration on a large display can help users focus their visual attention on the most important areas. With this novel understanding, we believe collaborative systems designers will be better equipped to design more effective attention-guiding mechanisms in remote collaboration systems. The present work has the potential to advance the study of collaborative, interactive technologies.