bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Barrier Surveillance Algorithms for Directional Sensors and UAVs
Authors: Darázs Bertalan , Bukovinszki Márk , Kósa Balázs , Remeli Viktor , Tihanyi Viktor
Published: July 2024

Border surveillance and the monitoring of critical infrastructure are essential components of regional and industrial security. In this paper, our purpose is to study the intricate nature of surveillance methods used by hybrid monitoring systems utilizing Pan–Tilt–Zoom (PTZ) cameras, modeled as directional sensors, and UAVs. We aim to accomplish three occasionally conflicting goals. Firstly, at any given moment we want to detect as many intruders as possible with special attention to newly arriving trespassers. Secondly, we consider it equally important to observe the temporal movement and behavior of each intruder group as accurately as possible. Furthermore, in addition to these objectives, we also seek to minimize the cost of sensor usage associated with surveillance. During the research, we developed and analyzed several interrelated, increasingly complex algorithms. By leveraging RL methods we also gave the system the chance to find the optimal solution on its own. As a result we have gained valuable insights into how various components of these algorithms are interconnected and coordinate. Building upon these observations, we managed to develop an efficient algorithm that takes into account all three criteria mentioned above.
A Lightweight and Efficient Multi-Type Defect Detection Method for Transmission Lines Based on DCP-YOLOv8
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhang Linghao , Xiong Xingzhong , Kuang Junwei , Xiang Siyu
Published: July 2024

Currently, the intelligent defect detection of massive grid transmission line inspection pictures using AI image recognition technology is an efficient and popular method. Usually, there are two technical routes for the construction of defect detection algorithm models: one is to use a lightweight network, which improves the efficiency, but it can generally only target a few types of defects and may reduce the detection accuracy; the other is to use a complex network model, which improves the accuracy, and can identify multiple types of defects at the same time, but it has a large computational volume and low efficiency. To maintain the model’s high detection accuracy as well as its lightweight structure, this paper proposes a lightweight and efficient multi type defect detection method for transmission lines based on DCP-YOLOv8. The method employs deformable convolution (C2f_DCNv3) to enhance the defect feature extraction capability, and designs a re-parameterized cross phase feature fusion structure (RCSP) to optimize and fuse high-level semantic features with low level spatial features, thus improving the capability of the model to recognize defects at different scales while significantly reducing the model parameters; additionally, it combines the dynamic detection head and deformable convolutional v3’s detection head (DCNv3-Dyhead) to enhance the feature expression capability and the utilization of contextual information to further improve the detection accuracy. Experimental results show that on a dataset containing 20 real transmission line defects, the method increases the average accuracy (mAP@0.5) to 72.2%, an increase of 4.3%, compared with the lightest baseline YOLOv8n model; the number of model parameters is only 2.8 M, a reduction of 9.15%, and the number of processed frames per second (FPS) reaches 103, which meets the real time detection demand. In the scenario of multi type defect detection, it effectively balances detection accuracy and performance with quantitative generalizability.
Phase Noise Compensation Algorithm for Space-Borne Azimuth Multi-Channel SAR
Authors: Bai Lu , Xu Wei , Huang Pingping , Tan Weixian , Qi Yaolong , Chen Yuejuan , Gao Zhiqi
Published: July 2024

Azimuth multi-channel synthetic aperture radar (SAR) has always been an important technical means to achieve high-resolution wide-swath (HRWS) SAR imaging. However, in the space-borne azimuth multi-channel SAR system, random phase noise will be produced during the operation of each channel receiver. The phase noise of each channel is superimposed on the SAR echo signal of the corresponding channel, which will cause the phase imbalance between the channels and lead to the generation of false targets. In view of the above problems, this paper proposes a random phase noise compensation method for space-borne azimuth multi-channel SAR. This method performs feature decomposition by calculating the covariance matrix of the echo signal and converts the random phase noise estimation into the optimal solution of the cost function. Considering that the phase noise in the receiver has frequency-dependent and time-varying characteristics, this method calculates the phase noise estimation value corresponding to each range-frequency point in the range direction and obtains the phase noise estimation value by expectation in the azimuth direction. The proposed random phase noise compensation method can suppress false targets well and make the radar present a well-focused SAR image. Finally, the usefulness of the suggested method is verified by simulation experiments.
A Learned-SVD Approach to the Electromagnetic Inverse Source Problem
Authors: Capozzoli Amedeo , Catapano Ilaria , Cinotti Eliana , Curcio Claudio , Esposito Giuseppe , Gennarelli Gianluca , Liseno Angelo , Ludeno Giovanni , Soldovieri Francesco
Published: July 2024

We propose an artificial intelligence approach based on deep neural networks to tackle a canonical 2D scalar inverse source problem. The learned singular value decomposition (L-SVD) based on hybrid autoencoding is considered. We compare the reconstruction performance of L-SVD to the Truncated SVD (TSVD) regularized inversion, which is a canonical regularization scheme, to solve an ill-posed linear inverse problem. Numerical tests referring to far-field acquisitions show that L-SVD provides, with proper training on a well-organized dataset, superior performance in terms of reconstruction errors as compared to TSVD, allowing for the retrieval of faster spatial variations of the source. Indeed, L-SVD accommodates a priori information on the set of relevant unknown current distributions. Different from TSVD, which performs linear processing on a linear problem, L-SVD operates non-linearly on the data. A numerical analysis also underlines how the performance of the L-SVD degrades when the unknown source does not match the training dataset.
On-Road Evaluation of Unobtrusive In-Car Respiration Monitoring
Authors: Radomski Adrian , Teichmann Daniel
Published: July 2024

This paper introduces and evaluates an innovative sensor for unobtrusive in-car respiration monitoring, mounted on the backrest of the driver’s seat. The sensor seamlessly integrates into the vehicle, measuring breathing rates continuously without requiring active participation from the driver. The paper proves the feasibility of unobtrusive in-car measurements over long periods of time. Operation of the sensor was investigated over 12 participants sitting in the driver seat. A total of 107 min of driving in diverse conditions with overall coverage rate of 84.45% underscores the sensor potential to reliably capture physiological changes in breathing rate for fatigue and stress detection.
Child Participation to Build Citizenship and to Transform the School Territory in a Global World
Authors: Castro-Zubizarreta Ana , Sierra José M. Osoro , Calvo-Salvador Adelina , Rodríguez-Hoyos Carlos
Published: July 2024

This article presents a participatory research project developed in a school in Cantabria (Spain) that has sought to enhance the participation of the educational community to transform the school. The article focuses on the analysis of the contributions of the students (children from 3 to 12 years of age), key agents and promoters of change. Pedagogical documentation has been used as a tool to narrate the development of this research and to encourage subsequent reflection. The students have experienced what it means to participate, to listen, to be listened to, to feel recognised and to exert influence in their own lives. The results go beyond mere changes in the configuration and use of spaces. The project has made it possible to think of the school as a forum for citizen participation, favouring the experience of a democratic school, the development of otherness, the feeling of belonging and the experience of community.
The Contested Terrain of Sport and Well-Being: Health and Wellness or Wellbeing Washing?
Authors: Jackson Steven J. , Sam Michael P. , Dawson Marcelle C.
Published: July 2024

Wellbeing has firmly established itself within contemporary practice, politics and policy. Indeed, the cultural, commercial, and terrestrial landscape of the concept is staggering and manifests within popular discourse and across global organisations and institutions, national governments, workplaces, and consumer lifestyle products and services. Notably, the field of sport, exercise, and physical activity has been identified by the World Health Organisation (WHO), the United Nations, and the OECD as a key sector with the potential to contribute to people’s wellbeing. This should not be surprising given that there is a large body of literature espousing the benefits of regular physical activity (in myriad forms) as part of a healthy lifestyle. However, there are increasing concerns that wellbeing’s global ubiquity may be leading to a range of unintended consequences and/or unscrupulous practices within both international organisations and nation-states. This largely conceptual essay focuses on the concept and process of wellbeing washing by (1) tracing the historical roots and evolution of wellbeing; (2) exploring its reconceptualization within the framework of neoliberalism; (3) offering a preliminary outline of the concept of wellbeing washing; and (4) briefly describing how wellbeing washing is manifesting within the context of sport in Aotearoa/New Zealand. Overall, this analysis explores wellbeing as a contested terrain of interests marked by a range of complexities and contradictions.
Diverse Responses of Vegetation Greenness and Productivity to Land Use and Climate Change: A Comparison of Three Urban Agglomerations in China
Authors: Xue Fei , Hu Yi’na
Published: July 2024

Vegetation plays a crucial role in enhancing residents’ quality of life, especially in densely populated urban areas. However, previous research has rarely explored the inconsistency between vegetation greenness and productivity or its potential factors, leaving the reasons for their inconsistency unclear. Taking the three largest urban agglomerations in China as study areas, this study examined the inconsistency between vegetation greenness (LAI) and productivity (GPP) after detecting their dynamics based on the Mann–Kendall test. Then, the impact of land use change on the observed inconsistency was explored by contrasting the variations in vegetation greenness and productivity between regions with and without land use changes. The effect of climate change was evaluated by the Spearman correlation method at the pixel level. The results showed that both vegetation greenness and productivity exhibited a rising trend in three agglomerations from 2001 to 2020. Notably, an obvious inconsistency existed between greenness and productivity. Regions with a consistent change in greenness and productivity accounted for 69.87% in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH), while only 45.65% and 42.93% in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) and the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), respectively. Land use change and climate change exerted divergent impacts on greenness and productivity across these agglomerations. The conversion of croplands and grasslands to construction lands had a more severe negative effect on vegetation greenness than on productivity in all regions. However, this transition led to a general decline in both greenness and productivity in the YRD and PRD, whereas in BTH, greenness declined while productivity paradoxically increased. As for climatic factors, the responses of greenness and productivity to rainfall and solar radiation exhibited spatial heterogeneity among the three agglomerations. In the YRD and PRD, they had a negative correlation with rainfall and a positive correlation with solar radiation, whereas in BTH, these correlations were reversed. Our spatial comparative analysis provided insights into the inconsistency between vegetation greenness and productivity as well as their potential reasons, offering a fresh perspective for regional vegetation research.
Exploration of Eco-Environment and Urbanization Changes Based on Multi-Source Remote Sensing Data—A Case Study of Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Li Yuhua , Wang Shihang
Published: July 2024

Rapid urbanization inevitably exerts pressure on the surrounding ecological environment, and balancing the relationship between the ecological environment and urbanization is crucial for sustainable urban development. Taking the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA) as a case study, this paper utilizes MODIS data and nighttime light data to construct the MODIS Remote Sensing Ecological Index (MRSEI) and Comprehensive Nighttime Light Index (CNLI) distributions to depict ecological environment quality and urbanization levels. Based on this, the Coupled Coordination Degree (CCD) model is employed to calculate the coupling coordination level between the two, and the Geodetector is used to analyze the underlying causes affecting the CCD. The results indicate the following: (1) the overall ecological environment of the YRDUA tends to be stable, but there are significant differences between regions. Areas with deteriorating ecological conditions are concentrated in cities with higher rates of urbanization changes. (2) All cities are developing towards coordination, but there are imbalances in development among different regions. (3) The key factors affecting the CCD are derived from socioeconomic elements rather than natural elements, with the interaction between GDP and DEM having the strongest explanatory power for the CCD. (4) The CNLI is positively correlated with the CCD, the MRSEI is negatively correlated with the CCD, and the level of urbanization is the decisive factor for CCD changes. The research findings can provide theoretical guidance for promoting sustainable urban development.
Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Change on Ecosystem Service Trade-Offs/Synergies—A Case Study of Gangu County, China
Authors: Wu Yingying , Liu Xuelu , Zhao Qiqi , Liu Hongyan , Qu Fei , Zhang Miaomiao
Published: July 2024

The aim of this article is to analyze the impact of land use changes on trade-offs/synergies of the ecosystem service in Gangu County, Gansu province, China, from 2000 to 2020, and intends to provide a reference for decision-making on regional ecological environment protection and restoration. We analyzed the land use changes in Gangu County with the dynamic degree of single land use. Changes in ecosystem service values (ESV) were analyzed using the equivalent factor method. The temporal and spatial distribution patterns of ecosystem service trade-offs/synergies were elaborated with the help of the correlation coefficient method and local autocorrelation analysis. The impact of land use change on trade-offs/synergies of ecosystem service was analyzed according to the ecological contribution rate of land use changing and the changing of land use area. The results showed that: (1) cultivated land and grassland were the dominant land use types in Gangu County, China; the largest increase in the dynamic degree of single land use was in construction land, followed by grassland, and the largest decrease in the dynamic degree of single land use was in unused land, followed by grassland. (2) Between 2000 and 2020, the ESV showed an upward trend; the regulating service provided the largest part of the ESV among the four first ecosystem service types. The medium ESV zone occupied the largest area, and the spatial distribution pattern of ESV was high in the south and low in the north of Gangu County, China. (3) The relationships of ecosystem services were dominated by synergistic and supplemented by trade-offs. The strongest synergistic relationship was expressed between EP and BP, then, between EP and AL. Meanwhile, the strongest trade-off relationship was carried out between BP and FP. During the 20 years, the relationship of ecosystem service showed a weak shift from mainly synergistic to trade-off temporally. Spatially, the synergistic relationship was dominated and concentrated in the central and southern parts of the study area. (4) The increase in the area of grassland and forest land were the root causes resulting in the increase of ESV in Gangu County. In the time dimension, land use change had the greatest impact on the trade-off synergistic relationship between FP and all other services. In the spatial dimension, land use change has little impact on trade-offs/synergies in the northern region and more in the central and southern regions of Gangu County. The results of this study can provide a scientific basis for improving the ecological environment and promoting sustainable development in Gangu County. At the same time, it will lay the foundation for the region to realize a win–win situation between economic development and ecological protection.
Optimizing Trichiasis Case Finding to Attain the Elimination of Trachoma as a Public Health Problem
Authors: Shu’aibu Joy , Ajege Grace , Mpyet Caleb , Dejene Michael , Isiyaku Sunday , Tafida Abubakar , Kelly Michaela , Emereuwa Innocent , Courtright Paul
Published: July 2024

Background: As national trachoma programmes increase efforts to reduce the burden of trachomatous trichiasis (TT), TT case finding and referral are critical public health programme components. Our research aimed to explore the most effective and efficient approaches to finding, referring, and managing TT cases. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive study, utilizing both routine programme data and primary data collection. This study compared four different approaches to finding TT cases across three different local government areas (LGAs) in Kano State, Nigeria. Each of the study LGAs was divided into four sub-units to accommodate the four different approaches. Results: The number of outreach attendees was 4795 across the four case finding approaches, and this varied hugely, with the smallest number and proportion (403, 0.26%) in settings only employing house-to-house case finding and the largest number and proportion (1901, 0.99%) when town criers were used. That said, the proportion of TT cases among people presenting at outreach was highest (32.5%) when house-to-house case finding was used and lowest (10.3%) when town criers were used. More female TT patients were found (53–70%) and had surgery (79–85%) compared to male cases, across all approaches. The average project expenditure for finding one TT case was similar for approaches that included house-to-house case finding (USD 5.4–6.3), while it was 3.5 times higher (USD 21.5 per TT case found) when town criers were used. Discussion: This study found that the house-to-house TT case finding approaches were the most efficient method with the highest yield of TT cases. Including other eye condition and/or vision testing yielded similar results but required more personnel and cost.
Hydroelectric Unit Vibration Signal Feature Extraction Based on IMF Energy Moment and SDAE
Authors: Liu Dong , Kong Lijun , Yao Bing , Huang Tangming , Deng Xiaoqin , Xiao Zhihuai
Published: July 2024

Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to effectively characterize the operation status of hydropower units with a single vibration signal feature under the influence of multiple factors such as water–machine–electricity coupling, a multidimensional fusion feature extraction method for hydroelectric units based on time–frequency analysis and unsupervised learning models is proposed. Firstly, the typical time–domain and frequency–domain characteristics of vibration signals are calculated through amplitude domain analysis and Fourier transform. Secondly, the time–frequency characteristics of vibration signals are obtained by combining the complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition and energy moment calculation methods to supplement the traditional time–domain and frequency–domain characteristics, which have difficulty in comprehensively reflecting the correlation between nonlinear non–stationary signals and the state of the unit. Finally, in order to overcome the limitations of shallow feature extraction relying on artificial experience, a Stacked Denoising Autoencoder is used to adaptively mine the deep features of vibration signals, and the extracted features are fused to construct a multidimensional feature vector of vibration signals. The proposed multidimensional information fusion feature extraction method is verified to realize the multidimensional complementarity of feature attributes, which helps to accurately distinguish equipment state types and provides the foundation for subsequent state identification and trend prediction.
Water Quality Assessment and Management Strategies for Nishan Reservoir, Sihe River, and Yihe River Based on Scientific Evaluation
Authors: Zhang Wei-Hua , Gao Yuan , Wang Ying , Zhou Jing
Published: July 2024

Due to rapid urbanization, population growth, industrialization, and agricultural activities, there is an increasing demand for freshwater resources, leading to heightened pressure on watershed ecosystems. This study focused on the Nishan Reservoir, Qufu Sihe River, and Qufu Yihe River, conducting field investigations on these water bodies during the spring of 2021 and 2022. Water samples were collected and analyzed for key water quality indicators, including chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (AN), chlorophyll A, and algal cell density. This study unveiled notable correlations among various water quality parameters, including positive associations between BOD and COD, chlorophyll A and algal cell density, and inverse relationships with total phosphorus. Moreover, significant positive correlations were identified between total nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen, as well as between ammonia nitrogen and chlorophyll A. The study highlighted that the TP concentration surpassed the threshold of 0.20 mg/L in 2021, potentially exacerbating the proliferation of algae, leading to algal blooms and adversely affecting the aquatic ecosystem. This study emphasizes the significance of broadening the geographical scope and utilizing long-term datasets to discern trends, determinants, and management approaches pertinent to water quality. Furthermore, this study underscores the imperative of investigating the influence of nitrogen-to-phosphorus nutrient ratios on the composition and proliferation of algal populations, while also taking into account the potential impact of additional factors like light availability, temperature, and water flow on the dynamics of algal communities.
Study on the Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics of Meiofauna in Baiyangdian Lake and Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Cao Yingkun , Mu Jiandong , Pan Zhe , Ma Futang , Liu Jianxia , Dong Haojun , Zhang Wei , Wang Liqing
Published: July 2024

Baiyangdian Lake, the largest freshwater shallow lake on the North China Plain, plays a pivotal role in maintaining the regional ecological balance and biodiversity. Meiofauna are integral components of Baiyangdian Lake; however, their community characteristics and relationship with environmental factors have not yet been studied. The aim of the following study was to evaluate the density, spatiotemporal patterns, and habitat response dynamics of meiofauna in Baiyangdian Lake. A field investigation was conducted at 33 sites spanning various habitats, including aquatic plant-dominant, trench, and pelagic areas, across the spring, summer, and autumn seasons of 2021. The results revealed that the meiofauna in Baiyangdian Lake primarily comprise freshwater nematodes (91.78%), ostracods, and copepods, with a mean abundance of 69.40 ± 35.20 ind. 10 cm−2, peaking in the spring, followed by summer and autumn. The mean biomass was 164.95 ± 99.39 dwt. 10 cm−2, with that of ostracods being the most substantial and that of copepods being the least, with both of them exhibiting seasonal fluctuations. Notably, in the summer, the abundance of meiofauna was positively correlated with the water depth and negatively correlated with ammonia nitrogen levels (R² = 0.13 and R² = 0.24, respectively; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01; n = 33). The results of our study indicate that the distribution and abundance of meiofauna are significantly affected by environmental factors, with the water depth and ammonia nitrogen levels being potential key determinants. The results of the present study are conducive to evaluating the health status of the Baiyangdian ecosystem, protecting biodiversity, and studying the impacts of anthropogenic activities and environmental changes on the lake, and can also provide scientific support for its ecological restoration and governance as well as the assessment of ecological service functions.
Assessing International Transboundary Water Management Practices to Extract Contextual Lessons for the Nile River Basin
Authors: Deribe Mekdelawit M. , Melesse Assefa M. , Kidanewold Belete B. , Dinar Shlomi , Anderson Elizabeth P.
Published: July 2024

Transboundary waters account for a significant portion of global freshwater resources, yet their management is often challenging. The Nile River basin faces significant challenges owing to the complex history and unique context of the basin. Examining the experience of other transboundary basins can offer insights for the effective management of the Nile waters. This paper aims to extract contextual lessons for the Nile from global transboundary water management practices. To that end, we performed a scoping literature search to identify well-researched transboundary water management practices from across the world, selected key case studies, and analyzed their management practices. We discussed the context of the Nile and organized the unique challenges of the basin in five themes, and we discussed how global experiences could provide valuable insights for the Nile basin within each theme. Trust building, the need for equitable water use frameworks, a strong river basin organization, the nuanced role of external actors, and the impact of broader political context were major themes that emerged from the analysis of the Nile context. Within each theme, we presented experiences from multiple basins to inform transboundary water management in the Nile basin.
Groundwater Springs Influence Fish Community Distribution and Trout Condition across a Longitudinal Gradient in a Coldwater Catchment in Southeastern Minnesota, USA
Authors: Varela Will L. , Mundahl Neal D. , Staples David F. , Bergen Silas , Cochran-Biederman Jennifer , Weaver Cole R. , Thoms Martin C.
Published: July 2024

The thermal conditions of transitional (ranging from warm to cold) coldwater streams impact the ranges and resource availabilities for biota inhabiting these lotic systems. With ongoing climate change and increasing land modifications, thermal boundaries may shift, altering thermal transition zones and their biotic communities. The objective of this study was to investigate the condition of trout across three forks of the Whitewater River catchment, located in southeastern Minnesota, and to investigate factors influencing fish community composition and distribution. Each fork was characterized into three separate sections: headwater (coolwater), middle (warmwater), and lower (coldwater). Springs were identified throughout each fork, with greatest concentrations in the lower sections of each fork. Using single-pass electrofishing, we sampled 61 sites across the three forks in the Whitewater River system (North = 21 sites, Middle = 19, South = 21), and catch statistics were used to calculate diversity, trout abundance, and trout condition. In general, diversity increased, and trout were healthier but less abundant in middle and headwater sections, whereas diversity decreased slightly, trout condition decreased, and trout abundance increased in lower reaches, with changes differing somewhat among forks. Canonical correlation analysis highlighted strong significant correlations showing that Simpson diversity and trout condition increase going upstream, with high non-trout abundance, while trout catch rates decrease and width narrows. The Whitewater River is a catchment exhibiting transitional temperature-pattern characteristics with generally low fish community diversity and trout conditions that range from thin, normal, and robust. Dominated by a changing landscape (agriculture) and intensifying climate change, we may begin to see stream temperatures increase along with species diversity. Understanding how spring temperature influences species composition and distribution can bring potential stressors to light, increasing our understanding of thermal conditions and helping to mitigate the negative impacts from land use and climate change.
Water Governance in an Era of Climate Change: A Model to Assess the Shifting Irrigation Demand and Its Effect on Water Management in the Western United States
Authors: Hedden-Nicely Dylan R. , Kaiser Kendra E.
Published: July 2024

Communities throughout the United States have come to rely upon agriculture as a pillar of their political integrity, economic security, and health and wellbeing. Climatic conditions in the western portion of the United States necessitate most lands be irrigated to be arable. As a result, a major portion of the economy of the United States, and by extension the world economy, is driven by the continued viability of western United States water law and policy. Furthermore, due to the strong interrelationship between anthropogenic consumptive uses, streamflows, and wetland/riparian area ecology, irrigation demand has a strong effect on stream morphology, quality, and biology for aquatic species. Western water management is a complex mosaic that is controlled by western state, federal, and tribal governments. Each of these systems of law have vulnerabilities to climate change, which is well understood to cause increasing water supply scarcity. This articledemonstrates the risks climate change poses to our management of irrigation water demand, as well as the interrelationship between water supply and demand. Due to the shared nature of the resource, this article addresses both tribal reserved rights and state-based rights using data from Indian reservations that either contain and/or are closely adjacent to non-tribal agricultural communities. Those data are used in a systems–dynamics model to integrate crop–water requirement estimation techniques with climate change estimates and a Monte Carlo analysis to assess how irrigation demand could change because of changing temperature, precipitation, incoming radiation, and wind speed caused by climate change. Results indicate that climate change will cause increases in irrigation requirements at most locations. Further, climate change is expected to significantly increase seasonal variability in many locations. The model provides a useful tool based upon publicly available data that will allow individual water users to make conservation decisions necessary to preserve their water rights as the climate changes.
A Stancu type extension of the Cheney-Sharma Chlodovsky operators
Authors: Grigoriciuc Eduard Ștefan
Published: July 2024

In this paper we introduce a Stancu type extension of the Cheney-Sharma Chlodovsky operators based on the ideas presented by Cătinaș and Buda, Bostanci and Bașcanbaz-Tunca, respectively Söylemez and Tașdelen. For this new operators we study some approximation and convexity properties and the preservation of the Lipschitz constant and order. Finally, we study approximation properties of the new operators with the help of Korovkin type theorems.
Controlling numerical diffusion in solving advection-dominated transport problems
Authors: Suciu Nicolae , Boros Imre
Published: July 2024

Numerical schemes for advection-dominated transport problems are are evaluated in a comparative study. Explicit and implicit finite difference methods are analyzed together with a global random walk algorithm in the frame of a splitting procedure. The efficiency of the methods with respect to the control of the numerical diffusion is investigated numerically on one-dimensional problems with constant coefficients and two-dimensional problems with variable coefficients consisting of realizations of space-random functions.
Champagne, dépolitisation, Gemütlichkeit - Présence et effacement des traces françaises dans l'opérette de Franz von Suppé et Johann Strauss fils
Authors: Marschall Gottfried R.
Published: July 2024

Jacques Offenbach avait encouragé certains compositeurs autrichiens, qui de leur côté admiraient le succès de leur idole, à écrire des opérettes. De ce geste, on a voulu conclure que l’opérette viennoise de l’âge d’or était le prolongement direct de l’opérette d’Offenbach. Cette thèse n’a toutefois jamais été réellement prouvée et sera sans doute difficile à prouver. La comparaison de certains chefs-d’oeuvre d’Offenbach avec ceux de Franz von Suppé ou Johann Strauß fils révèle que, hormis quelques ressemblances de principe ou purement superficielles, il est plus facile de trouver des différences que des similitudes. L’opérette viennoise ne donne pas la priorité au calembour, à la satire politique ou à la parodie de l’opéra -qui existent aussi -, mais recherche avant tout une conciliante harmonie dans un tourbillon de gaieté et de joie de vivre, les coups d’épingle contre les conventions de la société n’étant pas exclus. Le brillant du grand orchestre qui atténue toute acuité satirique est le facteur unificateur quand il s’agit d’évoquer des univers romantiques ou de créer la couleur locale viennoise dans une ambiance de festivité. Ainsi, l’opérette viennoise a trouvé à sa façon la clé du succès international.
« De nouveaux chemins vers des horizons différents » : ou comment situer le populisme du Parti libéral autrichien par rapport aux relations homme-femme
Authors: Hauch Gabriella
Published: July 2024

Das Geschlecht des Populismus ist «männlich». Zwei Begriffe «Stammtische» und «Buberlpartien» verweisen auf die männerbündischen Strukturen der FPÖ. Während der «Stammtisch» ein populärer Hort der Frauenfeindlichkeit ist, kamen die Führungskräfte der FPÖ, einschließlich Haider, aus studentischen Korporationen. In der autoritär von Haider geführten Partei haben Frauen, die eine eigene politische Position vertreten, einen schweren Stand, wie es das Beispiel von Kriemhild Trattnig belegt. Auseinandersetzungen mit Frauen werden nicht auf der intellektuellen Ebene geführt. Die Führungsmannschaft der FPÖ schreckt nicht vor persönlichen Angriffen zurück. In den verschiedenen Wahlkämpfen des Jahres 1999 ist die FPÖ mit dem erklärten Ziel angetreten, die österreichischen Frauen für die Partei zu gewinnen, bei der traditionell männliche Wähler überrepräsentiert sind. Mit Hilfe demagogischer Schachzüge (Kinderbetreuungsscheck) ist es der Partei gelungen, bei dem Wählerpotential der jüngeren Frauen entscheidende Einbrüche zu erzielen, wenn auch der Männerüberhang der FPÖ-Wählerschaft insgesamt bestehen bleibt. Ein neues Phänomen sind die jungen, selbstbewussten Frauen, welche die Partei nunmehr in den Parlamenten vertreten. Sie sind emanzipiert und gehen durchaus auf Distanz zu frauenfeindlichen Positionen. Doch bleibt die Tatsache, dass sie nur teilweise von der frauenfeindlichen Basis der Partei getragen werden. Zur Zeit ist die Auseinandersetzung zwischen den frauenfeindlichen Strömungen und der auf Stimmenfang ausgerichteten Parteiführung noch nicht definitiv entschieden. «Neue Wege in viele Richtungen» künden sich an.
L'an 2000 à Vienne : certitudes et interrogations d 'après le journal Le Monde
Authors: Castellan Georges
Published: July 2024

Der Beitrag untersucht zunächst das wechselvolle Verhältnis zwischen österreichischer Neutralität und dem Beitritt des Landes zur Europäischen Union. Inzwischen hat sich das internationale Kräfteverhältnis mit dem Zusammenbruch des kommunistischen Systems in Osteuropa verändert. Die österreichische Neutralität ist in den Hintergrund getreten. Wirtschaftlich und sozial hat der Beitritt zur E.U. zu radikalen Veränderungen geführt. Noch unter der Kanzlerschaft Franz Vranitzkys wurde der Sozialstaat radikal beschriften, um durch eine Verminderung der öffentlichen Neuverschuldung den Konvergenzkriterien von Maastricht zu entsprechen. Diese radikale Sparpolitik trug entscheidend zu den guten Wahlergebnissen der FPÖ bei den Europawahlen vom Oktober 1996 bei. 1999 war für die Partei von Jörg Haider ein Jahr der Wahlerfolge sowohl auf regionaler als auch auf nationaler Ebene. Vor allen Dingen das gute Abschneiden der FPÖ vom 3. Oktober versetzte die ausländische Presse, hier Le Monde, in Erstaunen. Man fragte sich weshalb die extreme Rechte in einem Land mit exzellenten Wirtschaftszahlen solche Erfolge erzielen konnte. Die Gründe wurden vor allen Dingen im Wandel der SPÖ von einer Arbeiterpartei zu einer linksliberalen Partei gesehen. So konnte die Partei Haiders, trotz ihres neoliberalen Wirtschaftsprogramms, beträchtliche Einbrüche im Arbeitnehmerlager erzielen. Angesichts der tiefgreifenden Veränderungen in der österreichischen politischen Kultur bleibt die Frage aktuell «Quo vadis Austria ?»
Peter Rühmkorf lecteur d’Erich Fried ou la poésie en question
Authors: Colombat-Didier Frédérique
Published: July 2024

Die vorliegende Studie ist bemüht, den poetologischen Standort Erich Frieds anhand eines Vergleichs mit der Poetik seines verständnis-kritischen Lesers und Kollegen Peter Rühmkorf kontrastiv zu erfassen. Die Entwicklung des welt- und gesellschaftskritischen Ansatzes im lyrischen Werk bieder Dichter wird mit den theoretischen Texten konfrontiert, in denen Rühmkorf zu Frieds Dichtung Stellung genommen hat. Daraus ergibt sich, dass die von Beim und Brecht ererbte Spannung zwischen artistischem und politischem Anspruch von Erich Fried aufgegeben wird, während sie für Rühmkorf immer noch konstitutiv ist. So bleibt Rühmkorfs Lyrik stets subjektiv, metaphorisch und sinnlich, während Frieds wirkungsorientierte Dichtungskonzeption den von Rühmkorf beanstandeten Verlust des Poetischen in Kauf nimmt.
Contradictio in adiecto? Zum Thema Menschenrechte, Demokratie und Toleranz bei Hermann Broch
Authors: Kessler Michael
Published: July 2024

Les circonstances et les causes de la genèse, le peu d’intérêt qu’ils ont suscité et leur terminologie spécifique font que les réflexions et les tentatives pour élaborer des solutions sur la thématique Droits de l ’homme, Démocratie et Tolérance puissent apparaître au premier abord peu scientifiques, voire obsolètes. D’autre part, l’on peut reconnaître maintes concordances avec les solutions esquissées qui sont actuellement proposées pour remédier aux problèmes politiques et éthiques. Cela justifie qu’on les soumette à un examen approfondi qui éclaire la pensée brochienne dans toute sa prégnance et relevance.
De Caligari à Ratti : philosophie de la culture et lecture du fascisme chez Hermann Broch et Siegfried Kracauer
Authors: Agard Olivier
Published: July 2024

1949 verteidigen Siegfried Kracauer und Hermann Broch in einem gemeinsamen Brief die Bollingen Foundation, die wegen ihrer angeblichen faschistischen Neigungen in der Presse angegriffen wird. Analysiert werden die Ähnlichkeiten und Divergenzen ihrer Faschismus- und Totalitarismustheorien. Deutlich wird, dass sie in beiden Fällen über den Rahmen der Massenpsychologie hinausgeht, und dass sie mit der globalen Diagnose einer Kulturkrise verbunden ist, dergegenüber Kracauer und Broch trotz vieler Konvergenzen jedoch zwei voneinander abweichende Wege einschlagen.
Der Dämmerzustand in philosophischer, psychologischer und romanästhetischer Beleuchtung
Authors: Kiss Endre
Published: July 2024

La conséquence assurément la plus importante de la réception de Freud par Broch et de la relation de Broch à Canetti est certainement la problématique qui se rattache à «l’état crépusculaire». Ainsi, «l’état crépusculaire» apparaît comme une continuation de la psychologie freudienne chez Broch. Les influences de Masse et Puissance de Canetti sont également à l’œuvre.
Naturwissenschaften und Remigration : Vertreibung ohne Rückkehr
Authors: Reiter Wolfgang l.
Published: July 2024

Für die Naturwissenschaften stellt die Remigration von aus Österreich 1938 vertriebenen Wissenschaftlern ein marginales Faktum dar. Die Arbeit problematisiert die Motivationen und Bedingungen der Rückkehr von Naturwissenschaftlern und diskutiert beispielhaft die institutionellen und politischen Rahmenbedingungen sowie den Einfluss von Remigranten auf das wissenschaftliche und wissenschaftspolitische Leben in Österreich nach 1945 bis in die Zeit der Siebzigerjahre.
Monseigneur Franz König (1905-2004), Vatican II et l’Europe
Authors: Thomas Olivier
Published: July 2024

Cardinal archbishop of Vienna from 1956 until 1985, His Lordship Franz König (1905-2004) passed away on March 13th, 2004. For many years, he enjoyed great popularity in Austria and beyond. The cardinal had used the council of Vatican II (1962-1965) to defend his ideas. As a young man, he had formulated an exacting "philosophy" for himself which earned him considerable respect. As early as 1951, his reflections touching on the issue of Christian unity were raised again during the council debates. He committed himself to improving relationships between Christianity, Judaism and Islam without forgetting his fight against atheism and for religious liberty within the Church. Moreover, as he also fought to free some countries from communist dictatorships, he proved that his thoughts were a path toward peace and could move forward the European construction. The death of this personalist has raised legitimate questions in Austria concerning the future of the country.
Verwirklichende Räume. Poetik und Raumkonzeption bei Paul Celan und Martin Buber
Authors: Pajević Marko
Published: July 2024

Ausgehend vom Begriff der Phantastik als eines Raumes, in dem Erscheinungen wirklich wahrgenommen werden, statt nur abzulaufen, wird aufgezeigt, wie der Bruch mit der gehabten Realität zu einem intensiven Seinsgefühl fuhren kann. Bei Martin Buber findet sich die Beschreibung eines solchen unmittelbaren wirklichen Raumes, in dem aus der Polarität allen Seins eine Einheit geschaffen wird. Das Gedicht kann Beispiel eines solchen verwirklichenden Raumes sein. Die Raumkonzeption Bubers wird im Dialog mit Paul Celans Gedicht STEHEN dargestellt, um nachzuweisen, wie in der Dichtung die dingliche Welt verwirklicht wird. Die Wechselbeziehung und notwendige Verbindung von gesellschaftlichen Realitäten und raumloser Wirklichkeit wird so aufgezeigt.
“Im Hofe der Hoffnung”. Überlegungen zu Erich Frieds Gedichten der Nachkriegszeit und der fünfziger Jahre
Authors: Doll Jürgen
Published: July 2024

Pour la critique, la production poétique d’Erich Fried à partir de la fin des années quarante est marquée par un rejet de la politique et de l’histoire. Le présent article s'efforce au contraire de montrer que le recours aux catégories jungiennes de l’inconscient collectif, aux archétypes bibliques, à l’ethnologie ainsi qu'aux contes et aux mythes ne signifie aucunement une fuite dans la subjectivité mais une tentative pour trouver une explication plus universelle à des phénomènes comme la guerre, la violence, l’oppression, le racisme, l’exil et, avant tout, l’holocauste. Il semble en effet que, pour Fried, à l’époque, le modèle d’interprétation marxiste-sociologique se soit révélé insuffisant.
Balthasar Springers Merfart (1509). Die Entdeckung des literarischen Reiseberichts
Authors: Wolf Gerhard
Published: July 2024

Balthasar Springers Bericht über seine Teilnahme an der portugiesischen Ostindienexpedition des Francesco d’ Almeida (1505-1506) ist nicht zuletzt wegen der künstlerisch höchst anspruchsvollen Illustrationen Hans Burgkmairs bei den Zeitgenossen auf großes Interesse gestoßen und hat mehrere Auflagen, Übersetzungen und Bearbeitungen erfahren. In der 1509 erschienenen, literarisch am sorgfältigsten bearbeiteten Fassung (Merfart) versteht es Springer, die geographischen, anthropologischen, ökonomischen und politischen Informationen über die bereisten Gebiete auf eine Art und Weise zu präsentieren, dass damit implizit die europäische Lebensweise in ihrem Wert bestätigt und die eigene kulturelle Überlegenheit evident wird. Dazu tragen auch jene Textpassagen entscheidend bei, mit denen der Autor Gottes Beistand für die Seefahrer dokumentieren will und die nach von der religiösen „Erbauungsliteratur“ her bekannten Mustern gestaltet sind.
Entre indifférence et transfert d’idées : la réception de la sociologie autrichienne en France avant la Première guerre mondiale
Authors: Surman Jan
Published: July 2024

À la fin du XIXe siècle, l’Autriche connaît une vague de «sociologisation» qui fut observée en France avec un grand intérêt. Le plus grand écho provoquèrent les idées du sociologue originaire de Cracovie, Ludwig Gumplowicz, dont quatre ouvrages et plusieurs articles ont été traduits en français. Célestin Bouglé, George Vacher de Lapouge et Octave Tauxier parmi d’autres ont repris dans leurs écrits plusieurs éléments des théories de Gumplowicz. Wilhelm Jerusalem a également laissé une marque durable dans le paysage scientifique français : la notion de «sociologie de la connaissance» est forgé dans un texte du sociologue autrichien, publié en 1909, dont Émile Durkheim a rédigé un compte rendu en 1910. La réception d’autres sociologues autrichiens fut couronnée de moins de succès. En France on a fait l’impasse sur des penseurs comme Emil Reich et Rudolf Eisler. Des échos rares ont été trouvés aux publications de Gustav Ratzenhofer et Rudolf Goldscheid. Ainsi pour la sociologie du droit d’Eugen Ehrlich qui avait tout pour intéresser les homologues français, n’a-t-elle pas connu de véritable réception.
Utopies du cinéma parlant ou les Semaines internationales du cinéma de Vienne et la connexion entre l’opérette et le cinéma autrichien
Authors: Mattl Siegfried
Published: July 2024

The First Vienna Film Festival in 1934 focused on film music as one of the most promising means of rejuvenating the Austrian film industry. Composers of classical and entertainment music were to work together with opera singers, famous local actors, music academies, operetta directors and distinguished Viennese orchestras to establish artistic networks located in a third space between high-cultural and popular traditions. While established genres in Vienna’s movie industry in the 30s and 40s (comedies and romances) and stylistic particularities (like the reworking of operettas for film) are often considered in terms of the ideological function of the label “Wien¬ film,” I complicate this discourse by analyzing these developments according to the economic logics of the music-based local entertainment industry. The sensational international success of Lehars Merry Widow, including its cinematic adaptations, prefigured not only the strategy of producing hybrids of classical and popular art, but also that of generating a complex image of local Viennese culture. Seen through the lens of such cultural politics, the genuine “sound” of “Wienfilm” gains new significance. Though a transnational artefact by origin -as in the case of Lehar — music-based “Wienfilm” became a central signifier for a specifically Austrian “national” product and — with great importance for postwar considerations -a prime referent for an “Austrian” continuity in the shadow of the “Third Reich.”