bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weaving Cloaks and Whakataukī: A Memoir
Authors: Metge Joan
Published: July 2022

Beginning with holiday work in the ethnology workroom at Auckland War Memorial Museum, the author, a social anthropologist, traces the development of her lifelong interest and involvement in the Māori art of weaving harakeke ‘Māori flax’ (Phormium tenax). Special attention is given to the weaving of whatu ‘ceremonial cloaks’ and the weaving of words and metaphors in whakataukī ‘proverbs and sayings’, poetry and storytelling. In the process she shares treasured memories of learning, from and with Māori friends and mentors expert in these arts, and emphasises the continual interweaving of contemporary transformations with inherited traditions in response to changing times.
Novi sadržajni, oblikovni i marketinški trendovi u komercijalnom nakladništvu
Authors: Blažević Leonardo
Published: July 2022

Cilj je rada definirati nove sadržajne i oblikovne trendove u hrvatskom knjiškom nakladništvu. U uvodnom dijelu daje se nekoliko definicija nakladništva s posebnim naglaskom na njegovu dvojnu ulogu kulturne i tržišne djelatnosti, s osvrtom na tržišne okolnosti koje utječu na suvremeno poslovanje svjetskih i hrvatskih nakladnika. Predstavljeni su ekonomski i poslovni trendovi koji su u posljednjih 60-ak godina utjecali na proizvodnju knjige, a potom su definirani i objašnjeni suvremeni sadržajni trendovi i trendovi oblikovanja knjige (dizajn korica ili ovitaka, format, vrste papira koji se koriste za tisak i sl.).
S obzirom na suvremene sadržajne trendove, uočen je rast zastupljenosti romana o egzotičnim kulturama, izdanja o aktualnim događajima, priručnika za samopomoć, biografija i autobiografija i naposljetku knjiga tzv. instant znanja. S obzirom na trendove oblikovanja, uočeno je naglašenije korištenje oblikovanja korica ili manipuliranja papirom u marketinške svrhe. Također, uočeno je da se trendovi koje uvode vodeći svjetski nakladnici prihvaćaju na hrvatskom tržištu knjiga.
Temeljni je doprinos rada pokušaj usustavljivanja marketinških, sadržajnih i oblikovnih trendova u suvremenom hrvatskom knjiškom nakladništvu i uspostavljanje njihova suodnosa.
Hrvatsko-njemački konverzacijski rječnik iz 1747. godine
Authors: Velagić Zoran
Published: July 2022

Mali hrvatsko-njemački rječnik naslovljen Nemske skole navuk otisnut je na 32 stranice osminskog formata, nema naslovne stranice, a podaci o mjestu i vremenu tiskanja sadržani su u kolofonu. Čuva se u Muzeju Slavonije u Osijeku. Podatak o upisu u inventarnu knjigu nalazi se na unutarnjoj stranici prednjih korica gdje je navedeno: „Uvršteno u imovnik knjiga str. 22. br. 278.“
Rječnik je u Zagrebu tiskao Ivan Krstitelj Weitz (Johann Baptista Weitz), a za razliku od dvaju velikih rječnika koji su mu prethodili, Belostenčeva Gazophylaciuma iz 1740. i Jambrešićeva Lexicona iz 1742., osmišljen je kao konverzacijski rječnik u kojemu su odabrane, tj. frekventnije riječi grupirane tematski.
Rječnik do sada nije bibliografski, stručno ili znanstveno prikazan ili obrađen, te je stoga u hrvatskoj znanosti posve nepoznat, što je i bio povod objavljivanju njegova pretiska u ovom broju „Libellariuma“. (Zoran Velagić)
Bizarre Parosteal Osteochondromatous Proliferation (Nora Lesion): A Narrative Review
Authors: Ipponi Edoardo , Ferrari Elisa , Ruinato Alfio Damiano , De Franco Silvia , Capanna Rodolfo , Andreani Lorenzo
Published: July 2022

Background: Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation (BPOP), or Nora lesion, is a rare proliferative disease arising from the parosteal region of bones. Although BPOP’s pathogenesis is still not certain, modern literature suggests it to be a tumor-like lesion or even a benign neoplasm. Due to the extremely low incidence, to this date studies on the topic are limited to case reports and a few case series. This narrative review aims to resume literature on BPOP and provide an overview of its natural history, morphologic characteristics and prognostic horizon.Materials and methods: A systematic research of the literature was done to identify studies reporting on patients who suffered from BPOP between 1983 and 2021. We collected data regarding aetiologic and pathogenetic theories, patients’ personal data and anamnesis, lesions’ location, clinical presentation, imaging features, pathological appearance, treatment and prognosis.Results: We identified 322 cases of BPOP with a mean age of 34.3 years at the moment of diagnosis. There was no gender difference. The most involved site was the hand, followed by the foot. A history of trauma was reported for 14.7% of the cases. 38.7% of the patients had pain. Literature defined typical radiographic and microscopic patterns that characterize Nora lesions. While imaging is fundamental to orientate towards BPOP, histological evaluation is mandatory to get the definitive diagnosis. To this date, only reliable therapeutic option is represented by surgical resection. BPOP is burdened by a risk of recurrence that accounts to 37.4%.Conclusion: BPOP is a rare benign disease that should be considered during the differential diagnosis of parosteal lesions, especially in the acral regions. Careful diagnostic evaluations are necessary to get the correct diagnosis and wide margins of resection are recommended to minimize the relatively high risk of local recurrence.
Comparative exploration on bifurcation behavior for integer-order and fractional-order delayed BAM neural networks
Authors: Xu Changjin , Mu Dan , Liu Zixin , Pang Yicheng , Liao Maoxin , Li Peiluan , Yao Lingyun , Qin Qiwen
Published: July 2022

In the present study, we deal with the stability and the onset of Hopf bifurcation of two type delayed BAM neural networks (integer-order case and fractional-order case). By virtue of the characteristic equation of the integer-order delayed BAM neural networks and regarding time delay as critical parameter, a novel delay-independent condition ensuring the stability and the onset of Hopf bifurcation for the involved integer-order delayed BAM neural networks is built. Taking advantage of Laplace transform, stability theory and Hopf bifurcation knowledge of fractional-order differential equations, a novel delay-independent criterion to maintain the stability and the appearance of Hopf bifurcation for the addressed fractional-order BAM neural networks is established. The investigation indicates the important role of time delay in controlling the stability and Hopf bifurcation of the both type delayed BAM neural networks. By adjusting the value of time delay, we can effectively amplify the stability region and postpone the time of onset of Hopf bifurcation for the fractional-order BAM neural networks. Matlab simulation results are clearly presented to sustain the correctness of analytical results. The derived fruits of this study provide an important theoretical basis in regulating networks.
Critical discourse for social integration of children with disabilities within the context of human rights
Authors: Acienė Elvyra , Vaičekauskaitė Rita
Published: July 2022

The process of social integration of the people with disabilities has already been implemented for two decades in Lithuania. However, Ruškus and Mažeikis (2007) note, that only critical analysis of ideas of social integration of the people with disabilities helps to determine whether the situation of the people with disabilities in nowadays Lithuania is changing essentially or merely formally. While analyzing the educational system in Lithuania little attention is paid to the change of the system in the perspective of human rights. From the point of view of Oliver (1996), talking about the social integration of the people with disabilities fi rst of all means talking about human rights. Rix and co-authors (2010) note that human rights being universal are inseparable reference to social integration. The authors mentioned above reveal that talking about human rights has an emancipating power for the groups of society that undergo social exclusion. The education system often creates limitations for social integration of the people with disabilities, indicating the limited opportunities of the children with disabilities to achieve academic success. Human rights are the system of values and ideas, which refers to the desire to eliminate conflicts and reconcile opposites. Speaking about human rights is very important, because the idea of social integration of the people with disabilities in Western Europe and the USA began with the human rights movement in the middle of the 20th century. Ife (2001) prompts people of various professions and social statuses to discuss human rights actively; otherwise human rights remain only a formal declaration. The daily theoretical and practical talk about children’s rights is very important, because violations of children’s rights are not readily visible.
Institutional support mechanisms in vocational counselling for adolescents without a valid family support
Authors: Grazioli Porfirio
Published: July 2022

In many countries the concept of institutional support in vocational counselling for risk group youngsters has rather wide understanding and interpretation. Presented theoretical and practical Christian issue reveals a profi le, as much as possible close to the Model of Vocational Counselling for teenagers without a valid family support. The needs that are common to this group of youngsters have special characteristics, and in this way could be described as special needs. To these special needs and necessities are added those deriving from the ways of management of living in a community, when this is based on the pedagogical methods of the so-called selfgovernment. Therefore, the role of institution and institutional support plays signifi cant role in the successful integration process of teenagers without a valid family support into the labour market.
Importance of unified pedagogical process in development of communicative competence for adolescents with language disorders
Authors: Usca Svetlana
Published: July 2022

The importance of unifi ed pedagogical process in development of communicative competence is analysed in this article. Necessity for synergy between learning process and extra-curricular activities is emphasized. The article focuses on adolescents with language disorders whose insufficiently developed language impedes the development of communicative competence and constitutes a menace to socialization in the future. The research data have been analysed and processed by SPSS program and AQUAD 6 software.
Vocational counselling of students with special educational needs from the viewpoint of principals of mainstream schools
Authors: Baranauskienė Ingrida , Jankutė Milda
Published: July 2022

It is especially important to appropriately prepare students with special educational needs for labour activity. The integration of these students in vocational life is possible only through the improvement of labour education and vocational counselling. The article analyzes vocational counselling of students with special educational needs from the viewpoint of principals of mainstream schools. Their viewpoint towards vocational counselling for persons with special educational needs has been revealed; it has been analyzed how vocational counselling for students with special educational needs is provided in mainstream schools; the principals’ infl uence on vocational counselling of students with special educational needs has been investigated.
Personal – semantic characteristics of higher school students’ motivation
Authors: Serdiuk Liudmyla
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the problem of motivation of studying and professional activities at the university that is urgent for the student’s age and the modern psychology. The motivation of studying and professional development is determined by an invariant set of personal properties that reflects self-relation as an integral quality of the individual. The influence of these properties (self-esteem, self-interest, self-confidence, self-acceptance, auto sympathy, self-understanding, expectation for the positive attitude of others) is mediated with the estimate value of training of the future specialist on the level of studying motivation.The necessity of purposeful work on the development of future specialists’ motivation of studying and professional activities is shown.
Development of students’ vocational competence in the frame of extracurricular activities
Authors: Kolchenko Kateryna , Kozlikovska Nadiia
Published: July 2022

One of the most important conditions of future specialist’s vocational competence is a well-balanced combination of learning, scientific research and practice, which is not easy to achieve in terms of traditional education. Extracurricular activity in the form of educational-scientific-production student units (ESPSU) favours both active and creative learning of theory and practical skills formation vital for students’ further vocational activity. Six-year experience of extracurricular activities in Open International University of Human Development “Ukraine” shows ESPSU participants’ positive results comparing to other students in their academic achievements, professionalism and career development.
Animated treatment: the method of art therapy used with children having communication problems
Authors: Lebedeva Liudmila
Published: July 2022

This article considers the author’s original technique of studying positive and negative aspects of social communication of children having selective communication problems. The art-technique presented in this article can be referred to as ‘expressive projective arttherapy’. The author’s specialized art-technique, utilizing self-made “finger-puppets” as the basis in a creative art-therapeutic session, are called “doll-therapeutic” sessions.
Attitude of progymnasiums students towards health and physical activeness
Authors: Mockevičienė Daiva , Miliūnienė Lina , Žukauskaitė Renata , Dobrovolskytė Ilona
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the attitude of 8 form students of Šiauliai city progymnasiums towards health and physical activeness. The study was attended by 870 (out of 1088) 8 form students of Šiauliai city progymnasiums. Questionnaire survey was chosen as the main research instrument. The research was conducted employing quantitative research methodology. The respondents of the research were given out questionnaires, the data of which were systematised, analysed and presented in graphs.
Role of person ’ s ideological orientations in the world view formation and the self-image
Authors: Volodarskaya Natalia
Published: July 2022

The article describes features of the influence of ideological orientations of personality on building a picture of the world and the self-image. It defines specificity of self-cognition, self-realization and self-identity process in adolescence. Determinants of ideological orientations formation are mentioned. The features of synergistic approach to the study of world view formation, the self-image, the hierarchy of personal values in a contemporary environment are considered. Differences were defined of life values, senses, perceptions about the meaning of life between creative and talented high school students and other high school students from regular schools. The influence of social and cultural factors on these differences (social status of parents of high school students, the prestige of school) is analyzed.
Civic self-determination : the approach to defence funding
Authors: Navaitis Gediminas , Labutis Gintaras , Povilaitienė Neringa
Published: July 2022

Researches on levels of happiness enable to comprehensively analyse information about the society, political culture and public spirit. One of the fields of such researches can be the research on the relation between the level of happiness of the society and governance of the state. Responding to this field, the public opinion research centre “Vilmorus” conducted a representative survey of Lithuanian population, aiming to find out respondents’ opinions about the level of happiness last year and during next five years’ period as well as their attitude to that part of public expenditure which, seeking the increase of residents’ level of happiness, should be allocated for defence of the state. In total, 1005 respondents were surveyed (people over 18 years old from 19 towns and 31 villages). The research also revealed that the level of happiness determined respondents’ opinions about distribution of state budget and funding of defence of the state. It was found that in the opinion of respondents with lower level of happiness there was no need to allocate funds for defence of the state at all.
Subjective wellbeing of elderly people: social domain aspect
Authors: Vaznonienė Gintarė
Published: July 2022

This article discloses the interrelations between social domain and subjective wellbeing of elderly people in Lithuania. The changes after the reestablishment of the independence of Lithuania challenged wellbeing differentiation in the society, which determined that some elderly people feel low wellbeing while others live normally. The influence of social domain on the subjective wellbeing among elderly people has shown that higher ratings of subjective wellbeing are based on strong social relations, family help in individual care while the state is a guarantee of financial resources, the level of social integration depends on the activity of various institutions as well as on different fears and social problems.
The health literacy status of youth with disabilities in a residential treatment setting
Authors: Huscroft-D’Angelo Jacqueline N. , Trout Alexandra L. , Epstein Michael H , Thompson Ronald W.
Published: July 2022

Research has indicated that youth eligible for special education services in residential centers are at an increased risk across many areas including overall health, medication use, academic, behavioral, and familial functioning. Yet it remains unknown how well they are able to read, understand, and use health-related information. The purpose of this study was to investigate the health literacy status of youth receiving special education (N= 61) services at a large residential care facility in the Midwest. Results indicate youth with disabilities are at increased risk of low health literacy in areas of reading recognition and comprehension. Specifically, well over 50% of the sample scored in the possible to likely limited health literacy level. Study limitations, future research, and implications are provided.
Personal modus of future specialists’ self-realization
Authors: Serdiuk Liudmyla
Published: July 2022

The paper discusses the features of personal organization and mediation of self-realization with personal characteristics at different levels of the integral indicators of self-attitude. It was found out that the implementation of personal potential is possible only at adequate self-attitude, a level of aspiration and person’s life perspective.
Psychological characteristics of self-realization of students with disabilities
Authors: Kuprieieva Olga
Published: July 2022

The article presents the results of the study aimed at identifying of psychological characteristics of self-realization of students with disabilities. It was found that self-realization successfulness for the studied students with disabilities is determined by their desire for self-development and expansion of their potential; existence of positive integral self-attitude that determines their internal activities; availability and awareness of self-actualization values, life goals, emotional richness and comprehensive interpretation of their life processes; balanced time perspectives
Professional self-fulfilment of skilled people of different professional groups and specialities
Authors: Kokun Oleg M.
Published: July 2022

Objective trends of society development encourage substantially increased attention to the problem of person’s self-fulfilment. Its insufficient understanding determines the necessity of its theoretical justification as well as empirical study. The article presents the research aimed at determination of comparative features of professional self-fulfilment of skilled person working at 10 different lines of profession
Analyze of early childhood education in the context of inclusive education
Authors: Prudnikova Ilga , Jankovska Jekaterina
Published: July 2022

Early childhood education means a sequence of levels of education, where the foundation is the concept of "early childhood.” Early childhood is a foundation for social skills knowledge and advances on the following level of education. The imposition of necessary support measures in the education and care of pre-school process provides successive children with special needs inclusion in next level of education. Qualitative early childhood education and care system development principle is that of making early childhood education available for appropriate needs of children and family. The article main tasks is analyze about  statistic of early childhood available, analysis of the theories of early development and early child with special needs inclusion education.
Germanium compounds and their role in animal body
Authors:   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 V. Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Fedoruk R. S. , Kovalchuk I. I. ,   Stepan Gzhytsky National University of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies Lviv, 50 Pekarska str., Lviv, 79010, Ukraine, Mezentseva L. M. ,   National Academy of Agrarian Sciences of Ukraine, 9 Mykhailo Omelyanovych-Pavlenko str., Kyiv, 901010, Ukraine, Tesarivska U. I. ,   Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives, 11 Donetska str., Lviv, 79019, Ukraine, Pylypets A. Z. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 V. Stus str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Kaplunenko V. H. ,   Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies LLC, 27 Vasylkivska str., Kyiv, 03022, Ukraine
Published: July 2022

Last years literature data and separate research results analysis was carried out concerning biological influence of Germanium compounds at laboratory and productive animals. The article states a comparative effect of mineral and organic Germanium compounds in chemical and biotechnological synthesis, as well as nanotechnological germanium citrate influence on the functioning of the immune, hematological, antioxidant, detoxification, reproductive and nervous systems of animals. The article displays a difference in influence of Germanium compounds on animal body depending on its form, dose and exposure. Benefits of using organic Germanium compounds in chemical, biotechnological and nanotechnological synthesis are highlighted based on a comparative analysis of the own research results, as well as other authors. Functioning analysis of a separate body organs, body systems as well as animal body in total was conducted after animals been exposed to short-term and long-lasting action of various Germanium compounds. Studies results for various Germanium compounds toxicity, their impact on animal productivity and product quality are stated based on the available literature. Comparison of influence effect for some drugs, biologically active additives and products containing Germanium compounds on the animal body was documented. Conclusions are made about the advantages of biological action of organic Germanium compounds, made by biotechnological synthesis using yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Germanium citrate, obtained on the basis of nanotechnology, regarding the prospects of its use in animal husbandry and veterinary medicine.
The Professional Portfolio and the Attitude of the Pedagogical Specialists for Its Development
Authors: Delcheva Tiha
Published: July 2022

A modern innovative technology that stimulates pedagogical specialists to build their own professional and personal image is the portfolio. The attitude to activity - mental state of readiness for activity, the result of the implementation of various dispositions to a particular form of response in pedagogical situations. A link between the substructures of the activity - motivational, target and operational. Its features are: integrity and unity; focus, stability and variability; individual character. The main functions are: stimulating, regulating variable, selective, reflective, corrective, transforming, etc.
strategy model for workplace mediation success
Authors: Barry Brian M.
Published: July 2022

This article proposes a three-step model to help workplace mediators decide on the optimum strategy for mediating workplace disputes. The model uses a grid – the Workplace Mediation Strategy Grid – which is based on a modified version of a grid Professor Leonard Riskin developed for categorising mediation orientations. The model asks the mediator to first consider the nature of the workplace dispute based on three facets of the dispute. This guides the mediator to plot a position on the Grid which represents two fundamental aspects of strategy for mediating that dispute: (1) how broadly the problem should be defined by the mediator and (2) the style of mediation that the mediator should use. The mediator implements this strategy improving the likelihood of a fair and positive outcome for the disputing parties.
Reviving the ‘new handshake’ in the wake of a pandemic
Authors: Schmitz Amy J.
Published: July 2022

It is often assumed that companies and consumers are on opposing ‘teams’. In reality, however, consumers and companies enjoy more commonalities than contradictions. Both benefit when deals go well and disputes are resolved quickly and cheaply. The problem is that face-toface dispute resolution can be costly in terms of time and money, and even dangerous in these times of COVID-19. Furthermore, getting lawyers is generally impractical and overly expensive in consumer cases. The solution is a well-designed online dispute resolution (ODR) system that harnesses business and consumer commonalities, and creates a win–win for all stakeholders in e-commerce disputes. That is not to say that ODR is the ‘be all and end all’ for e-commerce disputes. All ODR is not fair and efficient. Furthermore, the digital divide remains a concern and the internet undoubtedly generates vulnerabilities for consumers, but it also creates opportunities for consumer empowerment. The time is right to take advantage of those opportunities, and create a unified ODR system that provides fast and fair resolutions worldwide. This article discusses ideas for such a system to create a ‘new handshake’ that inspires trust in e-commerce.
Purpose in practice
Authors: Allport Lesley
Published: July 2022

This article examines the similarities and differences of practice and purpose across all fields of mediation delivery. It outlines conclusions from research conducted as part of my PhD in 2016. I was seeking to establish how far there is an understanding of mediation, its purpose, the way it is delivered and the principles by which it is governed that would be recognised and shared by mediators regardless of the context. My conclusions are based on findings from interviews with practitioners working across a variety of sectors. They reveal that mediation achieves multiple purposes which can be organised into themes including: ‘empowerment’, ‘ending the conflict’, ‘improving communication’, ‘relationship repair’, ‘resolving issues’ and ‘settlement’. While context does influence outcome, these purposes were not exclusive of one another: In fact, the central question is more to do with finding an appropriate starting place for discussions. I concluded that mediation is first and foremost a party-led process and this is a key factor in defining its purpose in any context.
Mapping the current landscape of osteoarthritis patient educational resources: A scoping review of osteoarthritis guidebooks
Authors: Metcalfe Lucy , O'Brien Daniel W. , Ellis Richard
Published: July 2022

The National Institute of Care and Excellence (NICE) guidelines (2015) recommend that patients receive accurate written and verbalinformation to enhance self-management. Currently, in Aotearoa New Zealand, there is no accepted osteoarthritis (OA) patient educational guidebook that fits this recommendation. This scoping review aimed to identify published OA patient-educational resources and synthesise the content contained within the resources, to inform the development of an Aotearoa New Zealand OA guidebook. A scoping review was conducted to identify national organisations with stand-alone OA patient-educational resources. We identified six guidebooks and 68 additional stand-alone resources. Relevant data were extracted and categorised in relation to six key NICE (2015) guideline components (first-line treatment, second-line treatment, third-line treatment, interprofessional team, self-management, and other). Additional data were grouped to construct one additional component (design features). Much of the identified content had a biomedical approach to the delivery of OA patient education and treatment, and the material lacked consideration of patient experience. The developers of future guidebooks or other patient-education resources should consider utilising a balance of lay and biomedical information that is socially and culturally relevant to enhance the translation of OA knowledge and may improve engagement with management.
Silica-based Photonic Crystal Fiber for Supercontinuum Generation in the Anomalous Dispersion Region: Measurement and Simulation
Authors: HO DINH QUANG , CHU VAN BIEN , LE VAN HIEU , HOANG VAN CHIN , NGUYEN THI THAO , HOANG VAN THUY , CAO LONG VAN
Published: July 2022

We report on numerical simulation and experimental study of the supercontinuum (SC) generation in the anomalous dispersion region of photonic crystal fiber (PCF). The results show that a flat and stable spectrum with bandwidth of 130 nm around the central pump wavelength was achieved with an input power of 4.0 W. Although the measured spectrum is slightly different from the numerical ones, a good consistency can be recognized in the major sideband positions and spectral width. In addition, the chromatic dispersion of air silica PCF was measured at visible and near-infrared wavelengths using the Mach-Zehnder interferometer configuration and then verified by comparison with simulated results.
Conjugation of the Eurasian economic union and the belt road initiative: the role and place of Kazakhstan
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Yerimpasheva Aida T. , Myrzakhmetova Aida M. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan, Alshimbayeva Dina U. ,   Satbayev University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Published: July 2022

Relevance. In mass media, the Silk Road Economic Belt and the Eurasian economic integration are considered as the driving forces behind Eurasia’s development. Nevertheless, the processes of Eurasian integration have been impeded by the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, 2020-22 have been marked by political turmoil in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) member states. Modelled on the European Union, the Eurasian Union increasingly resembles the former Soviet Union, which is a matter of concern for the member states. On the other hand, the growing democratic sentiments in the post-Soviet countries and the competition between Russia and China for influence in Eurasia make the cooperation of the EAEU and the Belt Road Initiative (BRI) more problematic. Research objective. The study examines the opportunities and challenges associated with the possible integration of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) and the Belt Road Initiative. Methods and Data. In this paper, we used an exploratory research design relying on collecting secondary and primary qualitative data. Methodologically, the study is based on the approaches of positive and nominative economics. The qualitative research in the form of in-depth interviews helped us gain insight into the economic problems of the EAEU member states. We also analyzed the dynamics of each member country’s GDP and compared it with that of China for the period from 2012 to present. Results. The compatibility of national and transnational interests in the EAEU programs is one of the main issues that have to be addressed. There have been specified areas of the EAEU’s development, many of which reveal the Russian Federation’s dominating role in managing the Union. According to the experts we have interviewed, to implement its programs, the EAEU needs significant centralization of power. On the other hand, the unresolved social, economic, and political issues can become a significant obstacle to the integration. Conclusion. Despite the widespread belief that the BRI would bring significant welfare and trade benefits to its participants, the EAEU member countries and China first need to focus on implementing political reforms, which the social and economic agenda hinges upon.
Historical and Etymological Interpretation of the Old Street Names of the Town of Nerekhta in Central Russia
Authors:   Kostroma State University, Gorlova Tatiana V. , Neganova Galina D. ,   Kostroma State University
Published: July 2022

The paper presents the results of the historical and etymological analysis of 16th-century street names of Nerekhta, a small provincial town in Central Russia, known since the beginning of the 13th century. Nerekhta has been developing along with Kostroma, Yaroslavl, and Moscow and was known as one of the centers of salt production in medieval Russia; now it is a regional center of the Kostroma region. The sources of the study were scribe books, spiritual and contractual letters, as well as data from the card index of the Kostroma Regional Dictionary and field records made in Nerekhta and the Nerekhtsky district in 2017–2019. The names of historical streets of Nerekhta are grouped according to their motivation: 1) deanthroponymic names, 2) names derived from ecclesionyms, 3) names referring to landscape features, 4) names with obscure motivation. Using dialectological, historical and ethnographic information, the study attempts to unveil the connections between proprial and appellative lexemes in the respective ethno-dialectal area. In terms of structure, deanthroponymic street names of Nerekhta commonly contain a possessive adjective, whereas other types of names adhere to the “adjective + term” pattern, which later becomes the most productive in the town’s hodonymy. Observations have shown that most of the considered names are of Slavic origin, and only a few are a Finno-Ugric substrate, mediated by Slavic languages and dialects. The analysis of historical urban toponymy against a situational context of the dialect environment contributes to understanding the dialect features of the Nerekhta ethno-dialectal zone.
Empleabilidad y comunidades de culto pentecostal en tres grandes capitales brasileñas: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro y Belo Horizonte
Authors: Higgins Silvio Salej , Neves Jorge Alexandre Barbosa , Mazon Márcia Da Silva
Published: July 2022

En la línea de los estudios sobre los mecanismos de inserción en el mercado laboral, indagamos si las comunidades de culto pentecostal operan como palancas que potencian la empleabilidad de sus miembros. Para ello, se realizó una encuesta probabilística, con una muestra de 900 cuestionarios, durante el primer semestre de 2021, en las tres mayores capitales de Brasil: São Paulo, Río de Janeiro y Belo Horizonte. Los datos fueron modelados con una regresión logística binaria, en la cual la variable respuesta fue el hecho de tener o no ingresos fruto del trabajo, formal o informal, en la semana de referencia. Fue comprobado que la afiliación pentecostal conlleva una doble mitigación, ya que aumenta las posibilidades de obtener ingresos laborales, tanto para los negros y pardos como para las mujeres, lo que no es poco en una estructura social donde la pobreza tiene color y la desigualdad género.
Experimental investigation of the seismic performance of caisson foundations supporting bridge piers
Authors: Gaudio Domenico , Madabhushi S. P. Gopal , Rampello Sebastiano , Viggiani Giulia M. B.
Published: July 2022

Allowing the transitory attainment of bearing capacity of caisson foundations supporting bridge piers during strong seismic events can lead to substantial optimisation in their design and major cost savings. If the approach of capacity design is applied to geotechnical systems, the temporary triggering of plastic mechanisms may be permitted if the resulting permanent displacements are smaller than given threshold values. To validate this design approach, the seismic performance of caisson foundations was assessed through dynamic centrifuge testing on reduced-scale models. This paper presents the results of two tests in which a caisson–pier–deck system was embedded in a typical alluvial deposit and subjected to a series of earthquakes of different intensities. The caissons were founded on soft and very soft clay, to either avoid or induce the attainment of plastic soil behaviour under the same seismic inputs. It is shown that both yielding and failure of the layer of very soft clay limit inertial forces transmitted to the superstructure, validating the design approach and some useful empirical relations available in the literature. In contrast, inelastic soil behaviour implies accumulation of permanent rotation and settlement of the system, which must be carefully evaluated to check for fulfilment of performance requirements.
ENFORCEMENT OF THE SECURITIES REGULATION CODE AND THE ROLE OF THE COURTS
Authors: Stephanie M Luiz
Published: July 2022

The Companies Act 61 of 1973 lays down the legislative framework for the regulation of takeovers and mergers in South Africa. The Act established the Securities Regulation Panel (hereinafter “the Panel”) and gave it the power to regulate affected transactions. The Securities Regulation Code on Takeovers and Mergers contains the rules that regulate such transactions. The Code enjoys the force of law and section 440L provides that unless an exemption has been granted by the Panel, no person is entitled to enter into or propose an affected transaction except in accordance with the rules. No difficulties arise if the parties involved in affected transactions obey the Code and any rulings issued by the Panel. However, various issues arise if any party refuses to comply with the Code or obey a ruling. This article considers how the Panel must proceed in order to enforce the Code or one of its rulings. It also considers the role of the court in this process, the status of Panel rulings and the ability of parties to frustrate an affected transaction. The financial ability of the Panel to ensure the enforcement of the Code is commented on. Further, consideration is given to the City Code on Takeovers and Mergers and the position of the UK Takeover Panel, bearing in mind the need to implement the European Takeover Directive and the UK Department of Trade and Industry’s proposals to do this.
A TRUTH AND RECONCILIATION PROCESS FOR ZIMBABWE? SOME PRELIMINARY OBSERVATIONS
Authors: Max du Plessis
Published: July 2022

This paper considers African and other truth commissions and applies the lessons and experiences of other countries in order to map a strategy and offer a model for a Zimbabwean truth and reconciliation commission. Given Zimbabwe’s history (especially over the last three years) of collective violence and serious human rights abuses, the paper proposes that a truth commission in post-transition Zimbabwe might be an important means of promoting reconciliation and reducing past tensions. To this end the paper focuses on the manner in which a future Zimbabwean truth and reconciliation commission might be established. The paper also provides a briefsynopsis of the topic of amnesty and considers how an amnesty process might be accommodated within a future Zimbabwean truth and reconciliation comission and how such amnesty process might be reconciled with the imperative of prosecuting offenders in light of the recently created International Criminal Court.
DEBT RELIEF FOR CONSUMERS − THE INTERADEBT RELIEF FOR CONSUMERS − THDEBT RELIEF FOR CONSUMERS − THE INTERACTIE INTERACTION BETWEEN INSOLVENCY AND CONSUMER PROTECTION LEGISLATION (PART 2)CTION BETWEEN INSOLVENCY AND CONSUMER PROTECTION LEGISLATION (PART 2)
Authors: Melanie Roestoff  , Stéfan Renke
Published: July 2022

In March 2002 the Department of Trade and Industry established a task team to review the legislation that has an impact on consumer credit. This resulted in a detailed report containing proposals for a new regulatory framework for consumer credit. Subsequently, in June 2005 the National Credit Bill was tabled in Parliament. Measures aimed directly at resolving over-indebtedness in the form of debt rearrangement are introduced by the Credit Bill. The report also highlighted weaknesses in the current insolvency legislation especially with regard to available debt relief measures for consumers. It should, however, be noted that the 2000 Insolvency Bill inter alia provides for an alternative to insolvency proceedings in the form of a pre-liquidation composition. This article examines the interaction between current and proposed insolvency and consumer protection legislation with regard to debt relief measures for consumers. The question arises whether the current and the proposed debt relief measures, when introduced, will not overlap unnecessarily. Furthermore, the question whether these measures will provide adequate relief to deal with current demands is also addressed. The South African Law Reform Commission when proposing the pre-liquidation composition in the Insolvency Bill, did not indicate whatits relationship should be with the administration order procedure in terms of section 74 of the Magistrates Courts’ Act. The question is therefore whether a need for administration orders will still exist if the proposed legislation relating to the preliquidation composition is introduced. Lastly, as South African law does not offer debt relief to debtors who have no income and no assets, proposals by the Department of Trade and Industry in the United Kingdom for a non-court based scheme of debt relief aimed at such debtors (the so-called “NINA” cases) are investigated in order to supply guidelines for South African law reform in this regard. It is submitted that the proposals in the Credit Bill on debt re-arrangement could assist debtors to manage their debt in certain circumstances. It is furthermore suggested that a combination of the proposed pre-liquidation composition and a modified administration order procedure could offer the necessary debt relief in situations where a debtor, apart from his debt in terms of a credit agreement, alsohas other outstanding debts. Finally, it is submitted that the “NINA” scheme could offer some guidance for the reform of South African law regarding debt relief to debtors who have no income and no assets.
A LEGAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROPOSED WASTE DISCHARGE SYSTEM IN TERMS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN ENVIRONMENTAL AND WATER LAW FRAMEWORK
Authors: Louis J Kotzé  , Carin Bosman
Published: July 2022

Environmental regulation in South Africa relies significantly on the “command and control” approach which employs environmental authorisations as the primary regulatory mechanisms. The National Water Act 36 of 1998 currently provides for an alternative regulatory mechanism (economic) in the form of the Waste Discharge Charge System (WDCS) which is to be implemented during the course of 2007. The WDCS is based on the polluter- and user-pays principles which are both economic principles aimed at internalising external costs of pollution. The main aim of the WDCS is to attach a cost to the impact caused by waste discharge with the intentionof reducing the damaging effects of waste on water resources. This article investigates the WDCS by making some preliminary remarks on the rationale, nature, design, and aims of the system as it is established in the broader South African environmental and water law framework.
Monilinia fructicola intercepted on Prunus spp. imported from Spain into South Africa between 2010 and 2020
Authors: Tshikhudo Phumudzo P. , Nnzeru Livhuwani R. , Munyai Thinandavha C.
Published: July 2022

The international trade of plants and their products, such as fresh fruits, can facilitate the introduction and spread of foreign pests and diseases. We examined South Africa’s import of stone fruits (Prunus spp.) as a pathway for introducing Monilinia fructicola (G. Wint.) Honey and document recommended phytosanitary measures to deal with the risk associated with its exportation into the country. Fresh fruits of Prunus spp. are imported from various countries. The current study provides a report on 10 years (2010–2020) importation of Prunus spp. from Spain to South Africa with associated cases of M. fructicola. We also detail the current management measures for imported stone fruits from Spain to South Africa. We report 18 M. fructicola detections that were found during the study period. The number of detections presents enough trends to determine the level of phytosanitary concerns regarding the importation of Prunus spp. fresh fruit from Spain, which cannot be neglected. M. fructicola is an economically important brown rot on many fruit hosts and potentially threatens agricultural and horticultural industries, the environment, and biodiversity in South Africa. The importation of Prunus spp. requires intensive management strategies for M. fructicola, as pathogens may pose a major phytosanitary concern because it could thrive and reproduce in various environmental conditions and on various host plants in South Africa. Therefore, if M. fructicola establishes in South Africa, its impacts will have consequences for different key socioeconomic sectors, including the agricultural industry.
Significance:

Monilinia fructicola is a pest of quarantine significance for South Africa.
If not managed properly, the importation of Prunus with associated M. fructicola will be a significant phytosanitary concern that could cause severe economic impacts on the South African agricultural industry.
The impact of wastewater treatment effluent on Crocodile River quality in Ehlanzeni District, Mpumalanga Province, South Africa
Authors: Phungela Terry T. , Maphanga Thabang , Chidi Boredi S. , Madonsela Benett S. , Shale Karabo
Published: July 2022

Excessive discharge of poorly treated effluent has impacted global water resource systems intensely. The declining state of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is a significant source of pollution in water resources. There is evidence of water resource quality deterioration in natural environments caused by effluent discharges. We assessed the impact of wastewater treatment effluent on the quality of the Crocodile River. For spatial distribution, we collected data from three WWTPs discharging effluent into the Crocodile River and from three points situated downstream of each WWTP. Physicochemical and microbiological parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, phosphates, nitrates, ammonia, and Escherichia coli were analysed using standard methods of the American Public Health Association. The water quality index was also calculated to give an overall indication of pollution within the catchment. The results show that WWTPs were not complying with the effluent standards set out in their water use licence. The WWTP effluent had a negative impact on downstream water quality, with the water quality index indicating low quality of discharged effluent. It is recommended that a regular and consistent water resource quality monitoring programme be implemented, particularly in areas where effluent discharges are prevalent.
Significance:
In many African nations, water pollution is a serious problem that may be traced to a variety of sources. Surface water pollution has adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and reduces the availability of clean water. In most semi-arid to dry southern African regions (e.g. South Africa), water scarcity is a significant concern. In these regions, water is a vital resource that must be protected at all times, given that the inadequate infrastructure of wastewater treatment facilities adds to the decline in South Africa’s water quality standards.