bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate change constitutionalism? Lessons from the United Kingdom
Authors: McHarg Aileen
Published: November 2018

Preventing dangerous climate change presents a significant political challenge. Extensive, urgent, and sustained political action is required to support necessary technological, economic, and behavioural changes. Yet the long-term, global, and uncertain effects of climate change, combined with the substantial short-term costs of mitigation action create what economists term a “credible commitment” problem, given the dominance of material considerations and short-term electoral cycles in political decision-making. Accordingly, building effective climate change law is not simply about devising appropriate measures to reduce emissions, but more fundamentally about instituting legal and political “regime change”. The UK Climate Change Act 2008 represents an important attempt to address the credible commitment problem on a domestic level. Not only does it impose long-term, legally binding emissionreduction targets, it also creates a so-called “carbon accounting” regime, designed to maintain government focus on meeting the targets. The Act involves a “pre-commitment strategy” which is intended to have a systemic and transformative effect on government action, and it has been described as having a “constitutional” significance. The aim of this article is to interrogate this claim to constitutional status. It discusses, first, whether it is appropriate to describe the Act as a constitutional measure and why this classification might matter. Secondly, it considers the likely impact of the Act’s substantive and institutional/procedural provisions. Finally, it considers the wisdom of “climate change constitutionalism”, and asks whether this is an approach which ought to be emulated by other states.
The influence of climate change litigation on governments and the private sector
Authors: Preston Brian J.
Published: November 2018

In recent years, the number of court cases around theworld raising the issue of climate change has
increased dramatically, especially in jurisdictions that have not yet adopted effective national responses
to climate change, such as Australia and the United States. In these countries, litigation provides an
alternative path to encourage mitigation of the causes and adaptation to the effects of climate change.
In Australia, much of the litigation, particularly the early climate change cases, has taken place in state
courts or administrative tribunals, and has focused on applying existing legislation to require government
decision-makers to consider future climate-associated risks in planning decisions. The influence of these
cases have been wide reaching, leading to the revision or formulation of government policies on mining
and coastal management. Other cases, particularly within federal courts, have been less successful, but
have nonetheless highlighted areas in need of law reform. In the United States, recent high-profile cases
targeting major sources of greenhouse gas emissions including power stations have raised novel arguments
based on common law public nuisance grounds and the public trust doctrine. This article examines the
extent to which climate change litigation, mainly in Australia, but also in the United States, has influenced
government decision-makers, legislatures, and polluters to curb emissions and adapt to the impacts of
climate change.
Legal issues in carbon farming: Biosequestration, carbon pricing, and carbon rights
Authors: Durrant Nicola
Published: November 2018

This paper critically analyses the proposed Australian regulatory approach to the crediting of biological sequestration activities (biosequestration) under the Australian Carbon Farming Initiative and its interaction with state-based carbon rights, the national carbon-pricing mechanism, and the international Kyoto Protocol and carbon-trading markets. Norms and principles have been established by the Kyoto Protocol to guide the creation of additional, verifiable, and permanent credits from biosequestration activities. This paper examines the proposed arrangements under the Australian Carbon Farming Initiative and Carbon Pricing Mechanism to determine whether they are consistent with those international norms and standards. This paper identifies a number of anomalies associated with the legal treatment of additionality and permanence and issuance of carbon credits within the Australian schemes. In light of this, the paper considers the possible legal implications for the national and international transfer, surrender and use of these offset credits.
“Make your own special song, even if nobody else sings along”: International aviation emissions and the EU Emissions Trading Scheme
Authors: Kulovesi Kati
Published: November 2018

This article focuses on the escalating international row over the decision by the European Union to include aviation emissions in its Emissions Trading Scheme from 2012 onwards. The main point of controversy is that the ETS will apply to foreign airlines to the extent they operate flights to and from EU airports. The article sheds light on the background of the dispute by providing an overview of the slow progress on aviation emissions under the UNFCCC and the International Civil Aviation Organization. It describes the main features of the EU scheme and discusses the pending request for a preliminary ruling from the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning the compatibility of the ETS with international law. The article concludes that there is a good case to be made for the legal design of the EU’s scheme for aviation emissions under international law. Furthermore, from a climate-policy perspective, the scheme can be seen as a necessary first step towards controlling rapidly growing aviation emissions. At the same time, the continuing global impasse on climate change mitigation raises concerns over fragmentation of climate change law and the spread of unilateral climate policies and retaliatory measures.
Curbing CO2 emissions from aviation: Is the airline industry headed for defeat?
Authors: Motaal Doaa Abdel
Published: November 2018

Two industries have been historically exempt from climate mitigation efforts under the Kyoto Protocol: the international aviation and maritime sectors. This article focuses on the aviation industry, looking at howits “exceptionalism” under Kyoto has fashioned its response to the climate crisis. It is a story of a global industry that has sought to fend off regulation of its CO2 emissions at the global level, until faced with the unilateral imposition by the European Union of its emissions trading scheme on both domestic and international aviation. The EU aviation scheme advantages some carriers while disadvantaging others. Rushed responses by the industry to combat the EU aviation scheme at the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) have not helped matters, with a solution found at ICAO that would distort intraindustry competition, without necessarily fixing the environmental problem. Legal challenges to the EU scheme in the European Court of Justice by the industry have not borne fruit either, as the industry’s arguments have largely been overturned. Today, the industry pays a high price for a muddled approach at the international level to curbing its emissions. Is the lesson that global industries must actively pursue global solutions?
A new chapter in the UN climate change negotiations? First steps under the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action
Authors: Kulovesi Kati
Published: November 2018

This article discusses recent developments in the UN climate change negotiations in light of the Bonn Climate Change Conference in May 2012. It highlights the Bonn meeting as the first opportunity to assess the influence on the UNFCCC process of the Durban Package and the new Ad Hoc Working Group on the Durban Platform for Enhanced Action. It argues that the main impression from the Bonn meeting is that the Durban outcome has indeed affected the dynamics of the UNFCCC negotiations and holds potential for far-reaching changes. Provided that all goes well, the combination of new bodies and processes created in Cancun and Durban, the forthcoming Fifth Assessment Report by the IPCC, and the likely public pressure following its release could open a new chapter in the UNFCCC process and lead to a more effective multilateral response to the climate change challenge. Still, the combination of a palpable rift within G-77/China and traditional divides between developed and developing countries on issues such as finance and technology means that the road ahead is likely to be a difficult one.
A new species and new records of the genus Bolboceras Kirby, 1819 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae) from India
Authors: KALAWATE APARNA , HILLERT OLIVER
Published: November 2018

The genus Bolboceras Kirby, 1819 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Bolboceratinae: Bolboceratini) currently contains more than 20 species, which are distributed from Lebanon in the Palaearctic region and eastern Africa through Pakistan, India, and Myanmar in the Oriental Region (Král et al. 2006; Krikken 2011, 2013a, 2013b; Nikolajev et al. 2016; Gupta & Chandra 2016a, 2016b). Krikken (2013a, 2013b) and Gupta & Chandra (2016a, 2016b) conducted recent taxonomic studies on the Oriental members of the genus. Species groups can be identified using the following characters: the shape of laterally rounded eye canthus with anterior protrusion, presence of interocular ridge, quadrituberculate pronotum, medially marginate pronotal base, elytral stria 1 not reaching the base, mesocoxae separated by a simple (non-hooked) meso-metaventral process, lack of grooves on outer side of last lamella of antennal club and limited sexual dimorphism (Krikken 2013a).
Erratum: KAREN E. UNDERKOFFLER, MEAGAN A. LUERS, JOHN R. HYDE & MATTHEW T. CRAIG (2018) A taxonomic review of Lampris guttatus (Brünnich 1788) (Lampridiformes; Lampridae) with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa, 4413: 551–565.
Authors: UNDERKOFFLER KAREN E. , LUERS MEAGAN A. , HYDE JOHN R. , CRAIG MATTHEW T.
Published: November 2018

N/A
Redescription of Mastigias papua (Scyphozoa, Rhizostomeae) with designation of a neotype and recognition of two additional species
Authors: SOUZA MARIANA ROCHA DE , DAWSON MICHAEL N
Published: November 2018

Mastigias, the ‘golden’ or ‘spotted’ jellyfish, is distributed throughout the Indo-Pacific. Specimens are identified routinely as Mastigias papua, although eight species were described historically, and molecular analyses evince at least three phylogenetic species. Understanding species diversity in Mastigias has become a priority because of its growing relevance in studies of boom-bust dynamics related to environmental change, cryptic species, local adaptation, parallel evolution, and peripatric speciation. However, species delimitation and identification are inhibited by a dearth of type specimens for most species, including M. papua. We address these issues by resampling Mastigias from the type locality in Waigeo, West Papua, as well as in the Philippines, and by comparing cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and up to 34 morphological characters of 268 Mastigias specimens from surrounding regions in the Indo-Pacific. We also gathered data from the historical descriptions of the eight species of Mastigias to estimate the identity of the two other currently revealed clades. Using this integrative taxonomic approach, we re-describe Mastigias papua as endemic to the tropical western Pacific islands (including Papua, Palau, Enewetak) and designate a neotype for the species. Additionally, based on morphological similarity and geographic overlap, we identified a second clade most probably as M. albipunctatus (from Japan, Komodo, Berau and Philippines) and a third clade tentatively as either M. andersoni or M. ocellatus. This study highlights the benefits of combining molecular analyses, samples from type locations, traditional descriptions and statistical analyses of morphological variation in systematic studies, and the concomitant potential of such studies to increase understanding of evolutionary patterns and processes in Scyphozoa.
A study on Ptyas doriae (Boulenger, 1888) with comments on the status of Ptyas hamptoni (Boulenger, 1900) (Squamata: Colubridae: Colubrinae)
Authors: MEETEI ASEM BIPIN , DAS SUNANDAN , CAMPBELL PATRICK D. , RAHA SUJOY , BAG PROBHAT
Published: November 2018

Ptyas doriae is a rare snake in northeastern India, Myanmar and southern China. The original description and subsequent accounts of this species were all very brief. We studied most of the available specimens of this species and on this basis we provide a detailed redescription of the species. We give an account of intrapopulational variation in scalation characters and colouration and we also report on a previously undescribed colour morph from Manipur, India. We have examined the holotype of Ptyas hamptoni and found that characters used to distinguish it from P. doriae are inadequate and therefore we herein synonymize the former with the latter species. We also predict the potential distribution of P. doriae by using Maximum Entropy modeling.
Two new synonymies in the genus Lispe (Diptera: Muscidae)
Authors: GE YING-QIANG , GAO YUN-YUN , ZHANG DONG
Published: November 2018

Two new junior synonymies in Lispe are proposed herein: L. bivittata Stein, 1909 = L. guizhouensis Wei, 2006 syn. nov. and L. nicobarensis Schiner, 1868 = L. leigongshana Wei & Yang, 2007 syn. nov. Both species are diagnosed with photographs and terminalia illustrations. The identity of L. subbivittata Mou, 1992, a former subspecies of L. bivittata, is discussed.
A new species of Xestia Hübner, 1818 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) from China
Authors: GYULAI PÉTER
Published: November 2018

The genus Xestia Hübner, 1818 is supposedly a polyphyletic Noctuinae genus, seems to be a complex of lineages, of which the species are often remarkably different externally. Most of the described species are Holarctic. During the last twenty years, 21 new Xestia species and one new subspecies have been described from the eastern Palaearctic (Hreblay, Ronkay, & Plante (1998), Hreblay & Ronkay (1998), Gyulai & Ronkay (2001), Gyulai, Ronkay, & Saldaitis (2011, 2013), Gyulai & Ronkay (2016), Gyulai (2017)).
Forgotten giants: new Anaxyelidae (Hymenoptera) from the Jurassic of Karatau
Authors: KOPYLOV DMITRY S.
Published: November 2018

Three new species of Anaxyelidae from the Middle–Upper Jurassic of Karatau (Kazakhstan) are described: Brachysyntexis tenebrosa sp. nov., B. tigris sp. nov., and Kulbastavia grandis sp. nov. By the size of the body, B. tenebrosa and K. grandis are the largest Jurassic species of the family. In the Jurassic period, the Anaxyelidae were represented only by the subfamily Anaxyelinae. They were found in three localities: Daohugou (China, 17 specimens), Karatau (Kazakhstan, 27 specimens) and Khoutiyn-Khotgor (Mongolia, 1 specimen). A list of all known Jurassic findings of Anaxyelidae from the collections of the Palaeontological Institute (Moscow) is given.
A new species of Bryconops Kner (Characiformes: Iguanodectidae) from the Rio Maicuru, lower Amazon basin, Brazil
Authors: SILVA-OLIVEIRA CÁRLISON , LIMA FLÁVIO C. T. , BOGOTÁ-GREGORY JUAN D.
Published: November 2018

A new species of Bryconops is described from the rio Maicuru, a tributary of the left margin of the lower Amazon River, Pará, Brazil. Bryconops chernoffi new species, differs from all its congeners by the presence of an elongated dark patch of pigmentation immediately after the posterodorsal margin of the opercle, running vertically from the supracleithrum to the distal margin of the cleithrum (vs. absence of a similar blotch), and by a dark dorsal fin with a narrow hyaline band at middle portion of dorsal-fin rays (vs. dorsal fin hyaline or with few scattered chromatophores). It differs further from all its congeners, except B. colanegra, by the presence of a blurred black stripe at the anal fin base. It differs from B. colanegra by possessing fewer predorsal scales (8–9 vs. 10–11) and in that the third infraorbital contacts the preopercle ventrally (vs. third infraorbital not contacting preopercle ventrally). The new species is assigned to the subgenus Creatochanes by the number of maxillary teeth, and ossification and denticulation of the gill rakers.
Eastern Arctic Ocean Diapycnal Heat Fluxes through Large Double-Diffusive Steps
Authors: Polyakov Igor V. , Padman Laurie , Lenn Y.-D. , Pnyushkov Andrey , Rember Robert , Ivanov Vladimir V.
Published: November 2018

The diffusive layering (DL) form of double-diffusive convection cools the Atlantic Water (AW) as it circulates around the Arctic Ocean. Large DL steps, with heights of homogeneous layers often greater than 10 m, have been found above the AW core in the Eurasian Basin (EB) of the eastern Arctic. Within these DL staircases, heat and salt fluxes are determined by the mechanisms for vertical transport through the high-gradient regions (HGRs) between the homogeneous layers. These HGRs can be thick (up to 5 m and more) and are frequently complex, being composed of multiple small steps or continuous stratification. Microstructure data collected in the EB in 2007 and 2008 are used to estimate heat fluxes through large steps in three ways: using the measured dissipation rate in the large homogeneous layers; utilizing empirical flux laws based on the density ratio and temperature step across HGRs after scaling to account for the presence of multiple small DL interfaces within each HGR; and averaging estimates of heat fluxes computed separately for individual small interfaces (as laminar conductive fluxes), small convective layers (via dissipation rates within small DL layers), and turbulent patches (using dissipation rate and buoyancy) within each HGR. Diapycnal heat fluxes through HGRs evaluated by each method agree with each other and range from ~2 to ~8 W m−2, with an average flux of ~3–4 W m−2. These large fluxes confirm a critical role for the DL instability in cooling and thickening the AW layer as it circulates around the eastern Arctic Ocean.
The Effect of Facial Composite Construction on Eyewitness Identification Accuracy in an Ecologically Valid Paradigm
Authors: Pike Graham E. , Brace Nicola A. , Turner Jim , Vredeveldt Annelies
Published: November 2018

Previous research has produced equivocal results with regard to whether facial composite creation affects subsequent eyewitness identification accuracy, but the most widely publicized view is that creating a composite impairs the ability to later recognize the perpetrator from a line-up. In our first experiment, we examined this effect using several ecologically valid elements including a live staged crime, trained police officers, and a long delay between construction and identification, albeit with only a short delay between crime and composite construction. Composite construction did not significantly affect line-up identification accuracy. Experiment 2 replicated this result using a laboratory-based design and sequential line-up task, eliminating the possibly confounding effect of differential levels of motivation and relative judgments. Taken together, the experiments suggest composite creation may not negatively impact subsequent line-up accuracy, regardless of whether an ecologically valid method or more standard laboratory testing was used.
Motivation and phenomenological foundation: A Schutzian response to a current dilemma in African-American studies
Authors: Barber Michael
Published: November 2018

Two philosophical approaches are prominent in race studies: (1) an interpretive phenomenological method, utilized by Sartre, Fanon and Schutz, that describes how Blacks and non-blacks interpret each other and (2) Marxist methodologies, wielded by Sartre, Fanon and Stephen Ferguson, that investigate the economic structures underpinning race relations. Schutz’s theory of motivation accommodates these often antagonistic approaches. Future-oriented ‘in-order-to motives’ constitute a domain of lived, subjective meanings, operative in the interpretive interrelations the first method thematizes. Because motives, an ‘objective category’, include the historical, social-structural factors that the second methodologies focus on, that influence actors ‘behind their backs’ and that are discoverable to reflective observers. Further, Schutz’s situating of economic science with reference to his phenomenological psychology of the everyday lifeworld permits scientific-type analyses that provisionally omit the freedom of social actors that is, however, recovered in the subjective meaning of everyday actors that some Marxist economic reductionists neglect.
Identification of promoter PcadR, in silico characterization of cadmium resistant gene cadR and molecular cloning of promoter PcadR from Pseudomonas aeruginosa BC15
Authors: Prabhakaran Rajkumar , Rajkumar Sebastin Nirmal , Ramprasath Tharmarajan , Selvam Govindan Sadasivam
Published: November 2018

Cadmium (Cd) remediation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is achieved through the function of two vital genes, cadA and cadR, that code for P-type ATPase (CadA) and transcription regulatory protein (CadR), respectively. Although numerous studies are available on these metal-sensing and regulatory proteins, the promoter of these genes, metal sensing and binding ability, are poorly understood. The present work is aimed at the characterization of the CadR protein, identification of the P cadR promoter and protein–promoter–metal binding affinity using bioinformatics and to validate the results by cloning the P cadR promoter in Escherichia coli DH5α. The promoter regions and its curvature were identified and analysed using PePPER software (University of Groningen, The Netherland) and the Bendit program (Version: v.1.0), respectively. Using Phyre, the three-dimensional structure of CadR was modelled, and the structure was validated by Ramachandran plots. The DNA-binding domain was present in the N-terminal region of CadR. A dimeric interface was observed in helix-turn-helix and metal ion-binding sites at the C-terminal. Docking studies showed higher affinity of Cd to both CadR (Atomic contact energy = −15.04 kcal/Mol) and P cadR (Atomic contact energy = −40.18 kcal/Mol) when compared to other metal ions. CadR with P cadR showed the highest binding affinity (Atomic contact energy= −250.40 kcal/Mol) when compared with P cadA. In vitro studies using green fluorescent protein tagged with P cadR ( gfp-P cadR) cloned in E. coli-expressed gfp protein in a concentration-dependent manner upon Cd exposure. Based on our in silico studies and in vitro molecular cloning analysis, we conclude that P cadR and CadR are active only in the presence of Cd. The CadR protein has the highest binding affinity with P cadR. As it became apparent that the cadR gene regulates the P cadR activity in the presence of Cd with high specificity, and the cadR and P cadR can be used as a biological tool for development of a microbial biosensor.
When a Student’s “Right to Fail” Harms the University Brand: How a Lack of Guidance in Experiential Learning Affects University–Organization Relationships
Authors: Bata Michelle , Cox-Lanyon Vickie , Davis Micki , Whitney Amy
Published: November 2018

Extant research on experiential learning primarily conceptualizes it as an opportunity for student learning. In this article, we broaden the scope to consider the impact of the student experience on two often-overlooked actors: the university and the host organization. We review three vignettes that illustrate core themes that can affect university–organization partnerships: developmental readiness and professional preparation. Through these vignettes, we demonstrate that, by offering minimal guidance to students during experiential learning, the risks surpass those related to student learning by generating very real risks to the institutional brand and its organizational partnerships. After discussing the considerations, risks, and recommendations for each theme, a generalized framework for implementing preparation, guidance, and support during experiential learning opportunities is presented as a way of mitigating key risk factors.
64-multidetector CT anatomical assessment of the feline bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures
Authors: Panopoulos Ioannis , Auriemma Edoardo , Specchi Swan , Diana Alessia , Pietra Marco , Papastefanou Anastasia , Zini Eric , Cipone Mario
Published: November 2018

Objectives

The aim of the study was to provide a detailed anatomical study of the feline bronchial and vascular structures by using CT angiography (CTA).

Methods

Adult cats with no respiratory clinical signs were enrolled in a CTA protocol to provide an anatomical study of the thorax. The dimensions, number of branches and branching pattern (monopodial vs dichotomic) of both bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures were evaluated under positive inspiration apnoea. A linear generalised estimating equations analysis (Spearman’s rho) was used to identify statistical correlation between tracheal diameter, age and body weight of the cats.

Results

Fourteen cats met the inclusion criteria. The pulmonary arteries had larger diameters than the pulmonary veins, and the pulmonary veins had larger diameters than the bronchial structures. A higher number of segmental bronchial and pulmonary vascular branches was observed in the left caudal lung lobe than in the other lobes. The monopodial branching pattern of both bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures was predominant in all cats of our study (100%) in cranial, caudal and right middle lung lobes, while a dichotomic branching pattern of the bronchial and pulmonary vascular structures of the accessory lung lobe was seen in 13 cats (93%). Thirteen cats (93%) had three pulmonary vein ostia, and one cat (7%) also presented with an additional left intermediate pulmonary vein ostium. Variation in the number of segmental pulmonary vein branches was noted in the right caudal lung lobe. There was no statistical correlation between tracheal diameter, age and weight.

Conclusions and relevance

Architecture of the feline bronchovascularr structures belongs to a mixed type of monopodial and dichotomic branching pattern. In cats, the pulmonary venous drainage system predominately presents three pulmonary vein ostia. Variations in the type of formation and the number of branches of the pulmonary venous drainage system were noted.
Associations Between Slow- and Fast-Timescale Indicators of Emotional Functioning
Authors: Oravecz Zita , Brick Timothy R.
Published: November 2018

“Core affect”—defined as momentary valence (pleasantness) and arousal (activation) levels—plays an important role in our emotional experiences. We examined the relationship between the “fast-timescale” (moment-to-moment) changes in core affect and “slow-timescale” (trait-level) indicators of emotional functioning. Results from an experience sampling study showed that daily valence and arousal baselines were positively related to emotional well-being. Furthermore, we found meaningful positive associations between fast-timescale core affect regulation and the habitual deployment of reappraisal as emotion regulation strategy.
Resection versus preservation of the middle turbinate in surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Hudon Marc-Antoine , Wright Erin D. , Fortin-Pellerin Etienne , Bussieres Marie
Published: November 2018

Background

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects up to 16% of the population. When medical treatment fails, endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is considered. The value of resecting the middle turbinate to optimize surgical outcomes has been hypothesized but remains controversial and unproven. Whether the middle turbinate should be left in place or resected is controversial. Our objective is to determine if middle turbinectomy improves objective surgical outcomes after ESS.

Methods

Sixteen patients (15 men, 15 primary surgery) undergoing bilateral complete ESS for CRS with nasal polyposis were recruited. Nasal cavities were randomized so that middle turbinectomy was performed on one side while the middle turbinate was preserved on the other. Each participant acted as their own control. Nasal cavities were compared using Perioperative Sinus Endoscopy (POSE) and Lund-Kennedy (LKES) scores pre-operatively, and at 1, 3 and 6 months after ESS. Results were analyzed using Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results

Pre-operatively, the POSE (12.4 ± 2.9 vs 12.8 ± 2.6, p = 0.33, for the preserved side and the resected side, respectively) and LKES (5.0 ± 1.0 vs 4.8 ± 1.2, p = 0.33) scores were similar between sides. During follow up, resection was associated with more crusting at 1 month following ESS (1.0 ± 0.7 vs 0.4 ± 0.6, p = 0.02). There was a small, but statistically significant, difference between the nasal cavities at 3 months, where the resected side showed better endoscopic appearance (2.0 ± 2.2 vs 3.4 ± 2.8, p = 0.01). No difference was found at 6 months. Frontal sinus scores were similar between sides at 6 months (0.7 ± 0.5 vs 0.7 ± 0.5, p = 1.00).

Conclusion

Our results show no sustained objective endoscopic benefit of routine middle turbinectomy, at least within the first six postoperative months, in patients undergoing primary ESS for CRS with polyposis.

Trial registration

NCT, NCT02855931 . Registered 16 August 2016.
Espiral construtivista em cursos de graduação em educação física: ensinando sobre o Sistema Único de Saúde
Authors: Oliveira Braulio Nogueira de , Damico José Geraldo Soares , Fraga Alex Branco
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste artigo foi descrever uma experiência curricular fundamentada no referencial da espiral construtivista em uma disciplina do curso de Educação Física da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), no contexto do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Em quatro encontros, cada um com quatro horas-aula, em duas turmas, práticas corporais e atividades físicas (PCAFs) em interface com o SUS foram tematizadas através da elaboração e do atendimento de casos-problemas. Inspirados em situações do cotidiano de trabalho, equipes formadas pelos estudantes delimitaram e estudaram objetivos de aprendizagem a partir de necessidades emergentes. Procedimentos como a organização em rede, as tecnologias de apoio matricial, projeto terapêutico singular, uso de prontuário, genograma, ecomapa, entre outros, delimitaram o foco do trabalho de contextualização do uso das PCAF nos casos-problemas. Considerando a avaliação realizada, conclui-se que a proposta potencializou a aprendizagem dos estudantes a respeito dos saberes e práticas relativos ao SUS.
La producción lítica tallada del asentamiento en altura del III milenio cal BC de Vilches IV (Hellín, Albacete)
Authors: Jover Maestre Francisco Javier , Morales Tomás Francisco , García Atiénzar Gabriel
Published: November 2018

Se presenta el estudio de la industria lítica tallada del yacimiento calcolítico en altura de Vilches-IV (Torre Uchea, Hellín, Albacete). El análisis realizado permite mostrar diferentes estrategias por lo que refiere a la captación, procesado y uso de las materias primas silíceas, tanto autóctonas como alóctonas, por parte de una comunidad campesina. En este asentamiento, además de los clásicos soportes en forma de lasca y lámina con los que se configuraron desde láminas hasta puntas de flecha, cabe destacar el empleo de placas tabulares con las que se confeccionaron diferentes útiles en forma de puñal.
La Cornalina en el Bronce Final y la Edad del Hierro del Sur de Portugal
Authors: B. Gomes Francisco
Published: November 2018

En los últimos años el número de elementos de adorno en cornalina documentados en yacimientos del Bronce Final y de la Edad del Hierro en el Sur de Portugal ha aumentado de forma sustancial, y hoy en día se conocen más de cinco decenas de cuentas y colgantes realizados en este material. Se presenta una primera síntesis sobre dichos elementos, con el objetivo de discutir su tipología, cronología y distribución, pero también su eventual origen, que cabría buscar en el Mediterráneo Oriental.
Estudio arqueoastronómico de dos santuarios ibéricos en abrigos rocosos: Cueva del Rey Moro (Ayora, Valencia) y Cueva Negra (Fortuna, Murcia)
Authors: Esteban César , Ocharan Ibarra José Ángel
Published: November 2018

Presentamos un estudio arqueoastronómico de dos santuarios rupestres situados en abrigos rocosos, Cueva del Rey Moro y Cueva Negra. Cueva del Rey Moro es un santuario ibérico asociado al poblado de Castellar de Meca. Aunque descartamos resultados anteriores que proponían la orientación del núcleo del santuario hacia el ocaso del solsticio de verano, encontramos dos posibles marcadores de ocaso solar en el día mitad entre solsticios (fecha cercana al equinoccio) y en el solsticio de verano en sendos cerros del horizonte occidental. Cueva Negra fue un importante lugar de culto en época romana como atestiguan los tituli picti encontrados en su interior, aunque también se evidencia su uso cultual durante época ibérica. Nuestro estudio indica la existencia de un marcador muy preciso del día mitad entre solsticios sobre la ladera de la Sierra de Abanilla, aunque sin duda, el resultado más interesante es que el orto solar sobre la cumbre puntiaguda de dicha sierra, el pico Zulum, se produce, en la actualidad,  el 27 de marzo, justamente la fecha del calendario juliano que se recoge en varias inscripciones de los tituli picti, y que podría corresponder con la festividad de la lavatio de la Magna Mater. Este espectacular orto pudo haberse utilizado como marcador de la fecha de la celebración principal del santuario romano si las inscripciones (al menos aquellas que muestran dicha fecha) hubieran sido realizadas durante el siglo III d.C., pues en ese siglo las fechas de los calendarios juliano y gregoriano actual coincidieron. Este resultado es consistente con los valores bajos de la horquilla de datación paleográfica propuesta para las inscripciones.
Los primeros vidrios de al-Andalus: análisis arqueométricos en el yacimiento emiral de Cabezo Pardo (Alicante)
Authors: De Juan Ares Jorge , Schibille Nadine , Ximénez de Embún Teresa
Published: November 2018

Se presentan por primera vez para la Península Ibérica los resultados del análisis químico de dos objetos de vidrio de cronología emiral temprana procedentes del yacimiento de Cabezo Pardo (San Isidro, Alicante). El examen por LA-ICP-MS de su composición indica que se trata de vidrios sódico-cálcicos fabricados con natrón como fundente. Sus características permiten encuadrarlos en dos de los grupos más difundidos en la antigüedad tardía: HIMT y Foy 2. El primer caso, una lámpara, podría ser resultado de una perduración del uso de un objeto antiguo a lo largo del tiempo tal vez relacionado con las poblaciones mozárabes y/o muladíes que habitaron el yacimiento. El segundo objeto, posiblemente una botella, fue elaborado a partir de vidrio reciclado. Sus características permiten encuadrarlo dentro del subgrupo Foy 2.2. Una composición poco frecuente también documentada en Francia e Italia cuya cronología suele situarse entre la segunda mitad del siglo VII y finales del siglo VIII d.C.
La trayectoria científica de Augusto Fernández de Avilés y Álvarez-Ossorio, director interino del Museo Arqueológico Nacional
Authors: Mederos Martín Alfredo
Published: November 2018

Augusto Fernández de Avilés fue nombrado Director del Museo Arqueológico de Murcia en 1931 y Profesor Ayudante de la universidad entre 1931-36. En Murcia comenzó a colaborar con Mergelina como codirector de la excavación de la necrópolis ibérica del Cabecico del Tesoro entre 1935-36. Sobre este tema intentó elaborar una tesis doctoral, pero Mergelina prefirió que la tesis fuese para su ayudante, Nieto Gallo, al que cedió la dirección de campo de las excavaciones. En 1941 consiguió el traslado al Museo Arqueológico Nacional, colaborando en las excavaciones de Taracena en Vizcaya y la Rioja (1942-1946). Al mismo tiempo, estrechó su relación con García y Bellido, su nuevo director de tesis doctoral, que lo incorporó como Profesor Ayudante de Arqueología (1942-45, 1948-49), Secretario de la revista Archivo Español de Arqueología (1946-58), Jefe de Sección del Instituto Rodrigo Caro (1952-58), además de participar en las excavaciones de Iuliobriga (Santander) (1953-58) y Herrera del Pisuerga (Palencia) (1960-61). Su tesis doctoral sobre la escultura ibérica del Cerro de los Santos (Albacete) (1949) no le sirvió para conseguir la cátedra de Arqueología en Salamanca en 1949, donde no tuvo el apoyo de Taracena, pero le impulsó a excavar el Cerro de los Santos entre 1962-63. Al dimitir Navascués como director del Museo Arqueológico Nacional en 1966, fue nombrado director interino en abril de 1967, y se presentó al concurso convocado en julio. Contó con el apoyo de Nieto Gallo y Navascués, compitiendo con Almagro Basch, pero el cese de Nieto Gallo, y el nombramiento de Pérez Embid como nuevo Director General de Bellas Artes, en mayo de 1968, facilitó el nombramiento de Almagro Basch, aunque poco antes Fernández de Avilés había fallecido de una leucemia, con 60 años.
Introduction
Authors: Stroud Christopher
Published: November 2018

Introduction
The Centre for Multilingualism and Diversities Research at the University of the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Stroud Christopher
Published: November 2018

There is an urgency in theorising howdiversity is negotiated, communicated,and disputed as a matter of everydayordinariness that is compounded by theclear linkages between diversity, transformation,voice, agency, poverty andhealth. The way in which difference iscategorised, semiotised and reconfiguredin multiple languages across quotidianencounters and in public and media forumsis a central dynamic in how povertyand disadvantage are distributed and reproducedacross social and racial categorisations.In the South African context,finding ways of productively harnessingdiversity in the building of a better societymust be a priority.
Kathleen Heugh and Tove Skutnabb-Kangas. Multilingual Education Works. From the Periphery to the Centre. Orient-Biackswan, Hyderabad. 2010. 376 pp
Authors: Plüddemann Peter
Published: November 2018

In this review of Multilingual Education Works I will be providing an overview ofthe book before providing chapter summaries that focus on recurring themes. Aconcluding section offers some suggestions on how an already compelling volumecould be enhanced.
‘Hallo hoe gaan dit, wat maak jy?’: Phatic communication, the mobile phone and coping strategies in a South African context
Authors: Velghe Fie
Published: November 2018

This paper looks at the ways in which the mobile phone has become a means through which phatic communication is being expressed. More specifically, the paper shows how, in an impoverished community such as the Wesbank township in South Africa, phatic communication and ‘maintaining a connected presence’ are vital strategies of social networking. In a context of severe and desperate impoverishment, loneliness, chronic unemployment and boredom, the exchange of phatic communicational gestures such as a text message or a short phone call forms one of the many coping strategies that the residents in Wesbank employ to face up to the harsh conditions of poverty and insecurity.
Review of Semiotic Landscapes: Language, Image, Space by Adam Jaworski and Crispin Thurlow
Authors:   Linguistics Department, University of the Western Cape, Banda Felix
Published: November 2018

Although the volume was published in 2010, it still remains one of the most important contributions to a new field of enquiry in the study of language and signage in public spaces initially conceptualised and institutionalised by Landry and Bourhis (1997) as linguistic landscapes (LL). They defined linguistic landscapes as â€œ[t]he language of public road signs, advertising billboards, street names, place names, commercial shop signs, and public signs on government buildings combine to form the linguistic landscape of a given territory, region, or urban agglomerationâ€ (p. 25).
Between phatic communion and coping tactic. Casamançais multilingual practices
Authors: Heil Tilmann
Published: November 2018

This paper enquires into the role of multilingual practices in conviviality in shared, socially and culturally mixed localities. I ask how Casamançais use diverse repertoires to get by in everyday life in both Casamance, Senegal and Catalonia, Spain. The concept of conviviality stresses fragile, dynamic processes characteristic of everyday ways of living together with maintained difference. I argue that minimal, but diversified language practices, which compose linguistically diverse repertoires, are central in facilitating conviviality among local residents. Minimal interactions and ‘small talk’, or phatic communion, cushion potentially conflictual socio-cultural differences and inequalities. Firstly, I will evaluate discourses on multilingual practices of Casamançais in both contexts. Second, I will critically explore the reasons for and quality of the widespread use of diverse repertoires. I conclude that multilingual practices facilitate phatic communion sometimes playfully and sometimes as part of coping strategies in situations in which structural forces determine which choices will be more successful than others. The process of conviviality spans both these aspects describing ever-dynamic and ever-fragile ways of living with difference.
The communicative features of online hate in temporary social networks in Twitter and YouTube
Authors: America Kirby
Published: November 2018

In recent years, communicating with others online has grown exponentially and social networking sites such as Twitter, YouTube and Facebook have now become popular forms of communication, especially among the youth. In social networking, communication mostly occurs within the public domain. Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, stated that ‘privacy was no longer a social norm’ (Johnson, 2010). If you sign up to any social networking site, it is expected of you to share information within the public domain. Why else would you have a Facebook account? Zuckerberg goes on to state that ‘people have really gotten comfortable not only sharing more information and different kinds, but more openly and with more people…’ (The Guardian, 2010).
The historical dynamics of Kaaps – then and now
Authors: Kotzé Ernst
Published: November 2018

In this contribution, the processes in the formation of language operating in the past and at present are discussed, and applied in particular to Kaaps. Concepts such as pidginisation and creolisation as mechanisms of renewal, and also as linguistic effects of social forces, are clarified, in addition to the often contentious process of standardisation. The focus will also fall on the important role of Cape Muslim Afrikaans as nuclear dialect of Kaaps, and Kaaps as the matrix dialect (or matrilect, for short) of Afrikaans. In addition, the historical value of Arabic Afrikaans (the written form of Cape Muslim Afrikaans from ca. 1815 to 1950), both as phonetic record and lexical documentation of the vocabulary of the speakers, are highlighted. Lastly, the  historical and modern characteristics of Kaaps are scrutinised as a language variety in which both the timber rings of centuries gone by and the buds of new developments are in evidence.
Soppangheid for Kaaps: Power, creolisation and Kaaps Afrikaans
Authors: Willemse Hein
Published: November 2018

In this contribution, the dignity of speakers of Cape Afrikaans (Kaaps) is discussed withreference to the need for bi-dialectic tuition at school and Afrikaans poetry writtenin the Cape eye dialect. It is argued here that, besides Standard Afrikaans, a greaterawareness of language varieties must be cultivated in education and the media sothat learners develop the ability to control a variety of language registers. Further themanifestation of Kaaps, as eye dialect, is discussed at the hand of poetry examples.Here it is found that poets often stereotypically affirm topics in their poetry writtenin dialect format. The hope is expressed that the dignity of Kaaps Afrikaans in poetrycan be attained with multiple rhetorical strategies. The soppangheid, dignity, of Kaapsis not only a linguistic issue, but can also serve as a confirmation of the dignity of allAfrikaans speakers.
Gang culture, Identity and Kaaps: Using Adam Small’s Krismis van Map Jacobs in Cape Flats schools
Authors: Le Cordeur Michael
Published: November 2018

In this paper the focus is on the impact of gang culture on schoolchildren. Theresearch question investigated here is whether teaching the drama Krismis van MapJacobs offers any solutions to learners in gang-infested areas, given the framework ofthe Curriculum Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS). Two sub-questions consideredwhether the teaching of the drama should take place in Kaaps and whether the themeof Map Jacobs is still relevant within the CAPS curriculum 30 years after it was writtenby Adam Small. Theoretically, the paper is based on Pierre Boudieu’s (1991) view thata speaker’s ‘position’ in society determines whether he is heard, Bernstein’s (1990) ideathat social interaction influences your relationship with language and Vygotsky’s (1978)theory of social constructivism. The study concludes that a life with gangs provides nosolution for issues like poverty and unemployment, and that the youth should escapefrom a featureless existence through striving for good education and engaging withliterature. The paper is published with the kind permission of the SA Academy forScience and the Arts, as it originally appeared in the book Adam Small: Denker, Digter,Dramaturg; ‘n Huldingingsbundel (2017, SAWK).
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Authors: Stroud Christopher
Published: November 2018

Download entire issue
Linguistic Prehistory and Identity in Nigeria’s Bini-Ife Pre-eminence Contestation
Authors: Lewis Demola
Published: November 2018

On the basis of genetic classification, Edoid (of the Bini people of Nigeria) is conceivedas an offshoot of Benue-Congo earlier than Yoruboid (of the Ife people of Nigeria).However, the reverse is the case when viewed from the sociolinguistic platforms ofpopulation, prestige and power. Thus, in 2004, the Edoid patriarch of Bini launcheda biography, wherein he narrated the Bini origin of the Ife monarchy. This sparked abarrage of unguarded responses from both sides of the controversy, largely centredon different interpretations to oral tradition. By exploring language as custodian ofprehistory, this paper makes a linguistic contribution to the continuing debate aboutwhich predates the other between Ife (Yoruboid) and Bini (Edoid) of southwesternNigeria. It pieces together evidence of cognate lexical simplification, patterns ofcognate counting systems, sound inventory, and decadence of vowel harmony, whichsupport the chronological pre-eminence of Edoid over Yoruboid; thus, calling forarchaeological, anthropological and geographical inspection.