bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Heat-tolerance Potential in QTL Introgressed Lines of Hybrid Rice Restorer, KMR-3R through PS-II Efficiency
Authors: Jaldhani V. , Rao D. Sanjeeva , Beulah P. , Srikanth B. , Rao P. R. , Subrahmanyam D. , Sudhakar P. , Satya A. Krishna , Neeraja C. N. , Senguttuvel P.
Published: November 2021

Aims: To assess heat-induced PSII damage and efficiency in eight promising backcross introgression lines (BC2F6) of KMR-3R/N22 possessing qHTSF1.1 and qHTSF4.1.

Study Design:  Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad India during wet/rainy (Kharif) season 2018.

Methodology: Eight ILs (BC2F6) and parents were evaluated for heat tolerance. The high- temperature stress was imposed by enclosing the crop with a poly cover tent (Polyhouse) just before the anthesis stage. The fluorescence parameters viz., maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), Electron transport rate (ETR), effective PSII quantum yield (ΦPSII), coefficient of photochemical quenching (qP) and coefficient of non-photochemical quenching (qN) were measured under ambient and high-temperature stress.

Results: The heat-tolerance potential of ILs was assessed in terms of PSII activity. The results indicated that significant differences were observed between treatments (T), genotypes (G) and the interaction between T × G.  The physiological basis of introgressed QTLs controls the spikelet fertility by maintaining the productive and adaptive strategies in heat-tolerant QTL introgressed lines with stable photosynthetic apparatus (PSII) under high-temperature stress.

Conclusion: The Fv/Fm ratio denotes the maximum quantum yield of PSII. The heat-tolerant QTL introgressed lines exhibited stable photosynthetic apparatus (PSII) and noted better performance under high-temperature stress. They may be used as donors for fluorescence traits in breeding rice for high-temperature tolerance.
Bullous Hemorrhagic Dermatosis Induced By Heparin: An Indonesian Case Report
Authors: Widiyani Syahfori , Rahmawati Irsalina , Widodo W. Yohannes , Zamroni Dian , L. Gultom Fajar , Siagian Forman Erwin , Hutabarat Hardi
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Bullous haemorrhagic dermatosis is a rare clinical disorder which is usually related to a treatment with unfractionated heparin (UFH) or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), characterized by multiple intra-epidermal haemorrhages distant from the site of injection.

Presentation of Case: A 62-year-old male patient with coronary heart disease who received heparin treatment experienced several tense, haemorrhagic bullae located on the right arm area, close to the injection site, and followed by the formation of several hematomas on his back trunk 2 days after he had received UFH. The lesions regressed after discontinuation of heparin and supportive topical treatments.

Discussion: The lesions in this patient have similar characteristic with heparin-induced skin necrosis and demonstrate thrombocytopenia probably related to heparin. There are some proposed hypotheses of pathophysiology which include hypersensitivity reaction and idiosyncratic dose-related reaction. Given the clinically course, the discontinuation of heparin treatment was essential for lesion regression in addition other supportive measures.

Conclusion: Heparin-induced skin lesions may indicate the presence of life-threatening heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. An early diagnosis is crucial to enable discontinuation of heparin if required.
Screening of Bacterial Isolates with Probiotic Potential of Tiger Nut Drink, Ogi and Palm Wine
Authors: Odu N. N. , Amadi L. O. , Aguamah E. O.
Published: November 2021

Probiotics are live microorganisms that are very beneficial to human health when consumed in a sufficient amount. Screening and fingerprinting of isolates with probiotic potentials from indigenous food products were evaluated. Fresh palm wine, Ogi and Tiger nut drinks were bought from retailers in Obio-Akpor and Port Harcourt Local Government Area, Rivers State. These samples on getting to the lab in sterile containers were analysed using standard microbiological techniques for the enumeration and isolation of bacterial isolates. Identification of isolates relied on the biochemical and genomic techniques using standard methods. The probiotics were screened based on their ability to tolerate ethanol, bile salt, low pH, high salt concentration, lactose utilization and the production of biogenic amine. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the bacterial isolates (probiotics) was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion. Forty-two bacterial isolates which belonged to the genera: Lactobacillus sp, Pediococcus sp, Enterococcus sp and Streptococcus sp were identified. Genomic characterization of isolates showed that isolate NO2 has 83.4% pairwise identity with Bacillus firmus strain T1, Isolate NP2 has 86.5% pairwise identity with Bacillus cereus strain PKID1, NT8 has 80.3% pairwise identity with Bacillus cereus strain PV-G21. Results of screened probiotics showed that out of the forty-two bacterial isolates, only fifteen were non-spore producers and that they were tolerant to ethanol, low pH, NaCl and bile salt at all concentrations. Results of lactose utilization showed that only twelve out of the fifteen bacterial isolates utilized lactose. Results of biogenic amine production showed that only five out of fifteen bacterial isolates produced biogenic amine. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the screened bacterial isolates showed that they exhibited resistance to Pefloxacin, Gentamycin, Ampiclox, Amoxicillin, Rocephin, Ciprofloxacin; Streptomycin, Sceptrin and Erythromycin. They were highly resistant to Gentamycin and Zinnacef. Bacillus firmus strain T1, Bacillus cereus strain PKID1 and Bacillus cereus strain PV-G21 were identified as bacterial probiotics. Consumption of palm wine, Ogi and tiger nut drinks is highly recommended due to the availability of probiotics.
Reproductive Endocrinologic Pattern in Infertile Black Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
Authors: Abimbola Ottun Tawaqualit , Jinadu Faosat Olayiwola , Olumodeji Ayokunle Moses , Adewunmi Adeniyi Abiodun , Akinlusi Fatimat Motunrayo , Olalere Haleema Folashade , Tijani Fatai
Published: November 2021

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a very common endocrine cause of infertility affecting about 10% of women of reproductive age. We evaluated the pattern of reproductive hormones in infertile Nigerian women with PCOS.

Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study at the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital over a 6-month period in which One hundred and fifty infertile women, with diagnosis of PCOS using the Rotterdam’s criteria, had quantitative assessment of their reproductive hormones like Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Progesterone, Testosterone, Prolactin and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH), with relevant socio-demographic and clinical data noted in the study proforma. Z test, chi-square and correlation tests were used as appropriate to analyse the data with p<0.05 significance level.

Results: The mean age of infertile women with PCOS was 26.50±4.4years; all the women had either oligomenorrhea (62%) or secondary amenorrhea (38%), 56.5% were obese and 33.3% had hirsutism. While 37.7% of the women had abnormally elevated serum LH, 16.4% had high serum FSH, 39% had LH:FSH ratio> 2.5, 96% had low serum progesterone, 29% had high serum prolactin, 17.4% had high serum TSH values and 92% had features of polycystic ovaries on trans-vaginal ultrasound. Correlation of age and BMI with serum FSH, LH and prolactin values were weak and insignificant.

Conclusion: PCOS is common among young Nigerian women presenting for infertility treatment; with dominant features of oligomenorrhea and polycystic ovaries. Hormonal abnormalities are common, varied and not associated with other clinical characteristics.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Effectiveness of Interactive, Virtual Tele-Physiotherapy for Improving Motor Function and Quality of Life in Stroke Patients: A Study Protocol
Authors: Gudhe Vandana , Qureshi Moh´d Irshad , Kovela Rakesh Krishna
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Telephysiotherapy (TPT) is provision of physiotherapy services using telecommunication technology such as audio call or video call to facilitate the physiotherapy management of patients within their own homes. In the absence of which the patients may have to discontinue physiotherapy treatment that may result into poor motor outcomes leading to deterioration of the quality of life (QoL).

Methodology: This is a study protocol designed to study the effectiveness of TPT intervention in Stroke patients. The objective is to study whether TPT is effective for Stroke Rehabilitation in improving motor function and quality of life. An exercise protocol will be administered to patients suffering from mild to moderate stroke those grading less than or equal to 4 on a Modified Rankin Scale (mRS=<4). A total 40 patients will be recruited in the study, divided into 2 groups –Group A and Group B, where Group A will receive the exercise therapy through Tele Physiotherapy & Group B will receive Out-Patient-Based (OPD-based) Physiotherapy. Participants of both the groups will be called to the OPD at the baseline and at the end of 6 weeks intervention. The patients shall be assessed at the baseline and at the end of intervention using Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Dynamic Gait Index (DGI), Functional Independence Measure (FIM) and Stroke Specific Quality Of Life scale (SS-QOL) to evaluate their motor function, gait, functional status and quality of life respectively.

Ethical Considerations: Approval from the Institutional Ethics committee of the institute is obtained. Participation in study will be voluntary and only the patients willing to give the written informed consent will be recruited for the study.

Results: The results of the study will be published and disseminated in peer-reviewed journals.
The medieval castle of Dun Aros
Authors: Thacker Mark
Published: November 2021

An investigation of Aros Castle (NM 56287 44989) was undertaken which included low-level survey of the site’s north-west block followed by lab-based analysis of a mixed assemblage of building material samples. The study presents the first independent evidence relating to the chronology of building construction on the site and reveals the wide range of techniques and materials exploited during that process. The results are consistent with surviving documentary, architectural and art-historical evidence, and highlight the importance of the site’s masonry structures for the mediation and display of Clan Donald power during their later medieval floruit as Lords of the Isles and Earls of Ross.
Investigation of annular pancreas through multiple detector spiral CT (MDCT) and MRI
Authors: Zhou Yongxia , Li Xiaoyan
Published: November 2021

Background and purpose

To investigate annular pancreas in adults using imaging features displayed on computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Methods

Retrospective review of annular pancreas in patients undergoing CT or MRI examinations. Two abdominal radiologists blindly reviewed the CT, MRI, and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) images from the Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS). A Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to evaluate subjective scoring, with Mann–Whitney test for the comparison. A p‐value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

Eleven patients (45.8%) presented a complete ring of pancreatic tissue surrounding duodenum, displayed as circular, triangular, or sandwich sign configuration, the other 13 patients (54.2%) had incomplete annular pancreas which displayed a crocodile jaw appearance, pancreatic tissue extending in a posterolateral or anterolateral direction towards duodenum. When comparing CT images of each sequence, the arterial phase group had the highest score compared with the venous phase and the plain film group (χ2 = 58.21, p < 0.05). When comparing MRI enhancement volumetric interpolated breath‐hold examination (VIBE) sequences, arterial phase group scores were the highest (χ2 = 18.98, p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Both CT and MRI could detect annular pancreas, with artery phase being the best sequence to diagnose annular pancreas.
Effect of Oxygen Deficiency on Mechanical and Thermomechanical Properties of Ferroic La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3−δ
Authors: Araki Wakako , Ikeda Keiyu , Otomo Naoto , Nakazato Yoshiki , Yokoyama Shota , Arai Yoshio
Published: November 2021

The mechanical and thermomechanical behaviors of ferroic La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3–δ (LSCF) with different oxygen nonstoichiometries are investigated around room temperature. The effects of oxygen deficiency on these behaviors are discussed by comparing LSCFs annealed in air and Ar. X‐ray diffraction analysis and the scanning electron microscopy observation demonstrate that the formation of oxygen vacancy reduces the rhombohedral distortion in the lattice, resulting in the disappearance of ferroic domains of LSCF. The measurements of electrical conductivity at high temperatures confirm that LSCF annealed in Ar has a higher oxygen nonstoichiometry than the one annealed in air. The thermomechanical analysis and the uniaxial compression test reveal that the introduction of oxygen vacancies can significantly influence the ferroic characteristics of LSCF such as ferromagnetism and ferroelasticity, whereas the intrinsic lattice stability would remain unchanged.
A Long‐Life Manganese Oxide Cathode Material for Aqueous Zinc Batteries with a Negatively Charged Porous Host to Promote the Back‐Deposition of Dissolved Mn2+
Authors: Liu Yaozhi , Qin Zengming , Yang Xianpeng , Sun Xiaoqi
Published: November 2021

Manganese oxide is a promising cathode material for rechargeable aqueous zinc batteries. However, the cycling stability is seriously limited by Mn dissolution. Herein, a negatively charged porous carbon host is proposed for manganese oxide to ensure stable cycling. It is derived from a metal–organic framework with Zn and Mn centers. The organic ligands transform into porous carbon upon calcination, and Zn vaporizes to generate a negatively charged surface. It provides abundant reaction sites, electron transport network, and most importantly, strong attractions towards Mn2+ cations by electrostatic interactions. The Mn2+ dissolved from manganese oxide reversibly deposits back to the cathode as demonstrated by mechanism studies, and active species is preserved for energy storage. In the electrolyte of 3 m ZnSO4 without Mn2+ additives, the composite cathode achieves an ultra‐long life over 11 000 cycles at 2 A g−1. It also delivers 275 mAh g−1 capacity (based on the total mass of the composite) at 0.1 A g−1. This work proposes an effective strategy to realize the stable cycling of manganese oxide cathode materials in aqueous zinc batteries.
Kinetics Manipulation Enables High‐Performance Thick Ternary Organic Solar Cells via R2R‐Compatible Slot‐Die Coating
Authors: Zhao Heng , Lin Baojun , Xue Jingwei , Naveed Hafiz Bilal , Zhao Chao , Zhou Xiaobo , Zhou Ke , Wu Hongbo , Cai Yuhang , Yun Daqin , Tang Zheng , Ma Wei
Published: November 2021

Power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) has crossed the 18% mark for OSCs, which are largely fabricated by spin‐coating, and the optimal photoactive thickness is limited to 100 nm. To increase reproducibility of results with industrial roll‐to‐roll (R2R) processing, slot‐die coating coupled with a ternary strategy for optimal performance of large‐area, thick OSCs is used. Based on miscibility differences, a highly crystalline molecule, BTR‐Cl, is incorporated, and the phase‐separation kinetics of the D18:Y6 film is regulated. BTR‐Cl provides an early liquid–liquid phase separation and early aggregation of Y6, which slightly improves the molecular crystallinity and vertical phase separation of the ternary blends, resulting in high PCEs of 17.2% and 15.5% for photoactive films with thicknesses of 110 and 300 nm, respectively. The ternary design strategy for large‐area and thick films is further used to fabricate high‐efficiency flexible devices, which promises reproducibility of the lab results from slot‐die coating to industrial R2R manufacturing.
Fast Ionic Storage in Aqueous Rechargeable Batteries: From Fundamentals to Applications
Authors: Huang Meng , Wang Xuanpeng , Liu Xiong , Mai Liqiang
Published: November 2021

The highly dynamic nature of grid‐scale energy systems necessitates fast kinetics in energy storage and conversion systems. Rechargeable aqueous batteries are a promising energy‐storage solution for renewable‐energy grids as the ionic diffusivity in aqueous electrolytes can be up to 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than in organic systems, in addition to being highly safe and low cost. Recent research in this regard has focussed on developing suitable electrode materials for fast ionic storage in aqueous electrolytes. In this review, breakthroughs in the field of fast ionic storage in aqueous battery materials, and 1D/2D/3D and over‐3D‐tunnel materials are summarized, and tunnels in over‐3D materials are not oriented in any direction in particular. Various materials with different tunnel sizes are developed to be suitable for the different ionic radii of Li+, Na+, K+, H+, NH4+, and Zn2+, which show significant differences in the reaction kinetics of ionic storage. New topochemical paths for ion insertion/extraction, which provide superfast ionic storage, are also discussed.
NIR‐Responsive TiO2 Biometasurfaces: Toward In Situ Photodynamic Antibacterial Therapy for Biomedical Implants
Authors: Yang Minggang , Qiu Shi , Coy Emerson , Li Shuaijie , Załęski Karol , Zhang Yao , Pan Haobo , Wang Guocheng
Published: November 2021

Implant‐related microbial infection is a challenging clinical problem, and its treatment requires efficient eradication of the biofilm from the implant surface. Near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive strategies are proposed as an emerging efficient antibacterial therapy. However, the utilization of photosensitizers or photocatalytic/photothermal nanomaterials in the available approach likely induces high potential risks of interfacial deterioration and biosafety compromise. Herein, a TiO2/TiO2−x metasurface with potent NIR‐responsive antibacterial activity is produced on a Ti alloy implant by a newly invented topochemical conversion‐based alkaline–acid bidirectional hydrothermal method (aaBH). Electromagnetic simulations prove that NIR absorption and near‐field distribution of the metasurface can be tuned by the dimension and arrangement of the nanostructural unit. Promising antibacterial efficacy is proved by both in vitro and in vivo tests, with low‐power NIR irradiation for 10 min. Besides, the designed nanostructure in the metasurface itself also shows excellence in enhancing the adhesion‐related gene expression of human gingival fibroblasts that are exposed to 10 min of NIR irradiation, proving the potent nanostructure‐induced biological effects. This work provides a biosafe and upscalable metasurfacing approach with extraordinary capacity of manipulating light adsorption, photocatalysis, and biological properties.
Single Ether‐Based Side Chains in Conjugated Polymers: Toward Power Factors of 2.9 mW m−1 K−2
Authors: Durand Pablo , Zeng Huiyan , Biskup Till , Vijayakumar Vishnu , Untilova Viktoriia , Kiefer Céline , Heinrich Benoît , Herrmann Laurent , Brinkmann Martin , Leclerc Nicolas
Published: November 2021

Combining side chain engineering and controlled alignment of PBTTT is an effective strategy to produce oriented thin films with improved thermoelectric performance when doped sequentially with the acceptor molecule hexafluoro‐tetracyanonaphthoquinodimethane (F6TCNNQ). The substitution of linear alkyl side‐chains (n‐C12) with a chain of identical length including an ether function (n‐C7OC4) leads to a new class of slightly polar PBTTT polymers, preserving the ease of synthesis and air stability of alkylated PBTTTs. This side‐chain modification improves the structural order of PBTTT backbones and the thermo‐mechanical properties of the polymer. It then can be oriented by high temperature rubbing up to 240 °C to reach very high dichroic ratios up to 20 thanks to enhanced cohesive forces within side‐chain layers. The side chain polarity of n‐C7OC4 helps to tune the polymer‐dopant interactions. A multi‐technique approach demonstrates that F6TCNNQ dopants are randomly oriented in the disordered side chain layers of n‐C7OC4 with some evidence of dopant clustering. The combination of improved alignment and random orientation of intercalated F6TCNNQ dopants helps reach a very high charge conductivity σ = 5 ⋅ 104 S cm−1 and a record power factor of 2.9 mW m−1 K−2 in the polymer chain direction.
Four‐Component Construction of Coumarin‐Fused Pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinoline: Expedient Synthesis of Lamellarins and Their Regioselective Demethylation
Authors: Manjappa Kiran B. , Jhang Jia‐Wei , Lakshmi K. C. Seetha , Yang Ding‐Yah
Published: November 2021

Construction of the coumarin‐fused pyrrolo[2,1‐a]isolquinoline skeleton was realized through a four‐component reaction between isoquinoline, ethyl bromoacetate, o‐hydroxybenzaldehyde and nitromethane. This methodology was further extended to the synthesis of lamellarin D trimethyl ether and a formal synthesis of lamellarin D. The controlled demethylation of lamellarin D trimethyl ether yielded dihydroxy and tetrahydroxy lamellarin analogues regioselectively.
Demographic history was a formative mechanism of the genetic structure for the taste receptor TAS2R16 in human populations inhabiting Africa's Sahel/Savannah Belt
Authors: Kulichová Iva , Mouterde Médéric , Mokhtar Mohammed G. , Diallo Issa , Tříska Petr , Diallo Yoro Mame , Hofmanová Zuzana , Poloni Estella S. , Černý Viktor
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Mode of subsistence is an important factor influencing dietary habits and the genetic structure of various populations through differential intensity of gene flow and selection pressures. Previous studies suggest that in Africa Taste 2 Receptor Member 16 (TAS2R16), which encodes the 7‐transmembrane receptor protein for bitterness, might also be under positive selection pressure.

Methods

However, since sampling coverage of populations was limited, we created a new TAS2R16 population dataset from across the African Sahel/Savannah belt representing various local populations of differing subsistence modes, linguistic affiliations, and geographic provenience. We sequenced the TAS2R16 exon gene and analyzed 2250 haplotypes among 19 populations.

Results

We found no evidence for selection as a driving force of genetic variation at this locus; instead, we discovered a highly significant correlation between TAS2R16 genetic and geographical distances based on provenience of the sampled populations, strongly suggesting that genetic drift most likely prevailed over positive selection at this specific locus. We also found significant correlations with other independent loci, mainly in sedentary farmers.

Discussion

Our results do not support the notion that the genetic diversity of TAS2R16 in Sahelian populations was shaped by selective pressures. This could result from several alternative and not mutually exclusive mechanisms, of which the possibility that, due to the pleiotropic nature of TAS2R16, selective pressures on other traits could counterbalance those acting on bitter taste perception, or that the change of diet in the Neolithic generally relaxed selective pressure on this gene.
Titanocene(III)‐Catalyzed Precision Deuteration of Epoxides
Authors: Henriques Dina Schwarz G. , Rojo‐Wiechel Elena , Klare Sven , Mika Regine , Höthker Sebastian , Schacht Jonathan H. , Schmickler Niklas , Gansäuer Andreas
Published: November 2021

We describe a titanocene(III)‐catalyzed deuterosilylation of epoxides that provides β‐deuterated anti‐Markovnikov alcohols with excellent D‐incorporation, in high yield, and often excellent diastereoselectivity after desilylation. The key to the success of the reaction is a novel activation method of Cp2TiCl2 and (tBuC5H4)2TiCl2 with BnMgBr and PhSiD3 to provide [(RC5H4)2Ti(III)D] without isotope scrambling. It was developed after discovering an off‐cycle scrambling with the previously described method. Our precision deuteration can be applied to the synthesis of drug precursors and highlights the power of combining radical chemistry with organometallic catalysis.
The Role of the Perioperative Nurse in Implementing Contact Precautions to Prevent Transmission of Multidrug‐Resistant Organisms
Authors: Walits Emily , Carpo Maura Fran
Published: November 2021

The World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention consider the global increase in multidrug‐resistant organisms (MDROs) to be one of the greatest modern threats to public health. Limited treatment options exist for microorganisms such as carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales and Candida auris; as a result, infected patients may experience poor outcomes. Perioperative nurses should use infection prevention measures (eg, contact precautions) to prevent the spread of emerging MDROs when transporting patients to and from procedures, caring for patients during procedures, and completing between‐procedure cleaning. Because nurses are involved with all phases of perioperative care, they are well‐positioned to serve as infection prevention champions and provide education to personnel, patients, and caregivers. This article describes actions and steps the perioperative nurse should take during implementation of contact precautions to prevent the transmission of MDROs—specifically, emerging pathogens carbapenem‐resistant Enterobacterales and C auris.
Levetiracetam as a sensitizer of concurrent chemoradiotherapy in newly diagnosed glioblastoma: An open‐label phase 2 study
Authors: Hwang Kihwan , Kim Junhyung , Kang Seok‐Gu , Jung Tae‐Young , Kim Jeong Hoon , Kim Se‐Hyuk , Kang Shin‐Hyuk , Hong Yong‐Kil , Kim Tae Min , Kim Yu Jung , Choi Byung Se , Chang Jong Hee , Kim Chae‐Yong
Published: November 2021

Background

An open‐label single‐arm phase 2 study was conducted to evaluate the role of levetiracetam as a sensitizer of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. This study aimed to determine the survival benefit of levetiracetam in conjunction with the standard treatment for glioblastoma.

Methods

Major eligibility requirements included histologically proven glioblastoma in the supratentorial region, patients 18 years or older, and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0–2. Levetiracetam was given at 1,000–2,000 mg daily in two divided doses during CCRT and adjuvant chemotherapy thereafter. The primary and the secondary endpoints were 6‐month progression‐free survival (6mo‐PFS) and 24‐month overall survival (24mo‐OS), respectively. Outcomes of the study group were compared to those of an external control group.

Results

Between July 2016 and January 2019, 76 patients were enrolled, and 73 patients were included in the final analysis. The primary and secondary outcomes were improved in the study population compared to the external control (6mo‐PFS, 84.9% vs. 72.3%, p = 0.038; 24mo‐OS, 58.0% vs. 39.9%, p = 0.018), but the differences were less prominent in a propensity score‐matched analysis (6mo‐PFS, 88.0% vs. 76.9%, p = 0.071; 24mo‐OS, 57.1% vs. 38.8%, p = 0.054). In exploratory subgroup analyses, some results suggested that patients with ages under 65 years or unmethylated MGMT promoter might have a greater survival benefit from the use of levetiracetam.

Conclusions

The use of levetiracetam during CCRT in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma may result in improved outcomes, but further investigations are warranted.
Direct Superacid‐Promoted Difluoroethylation of Aromatics
Authors: Artault Maxime , Vitse Kassandra , Martin‐Mingot Agnès , Thibaudeau Sébastien
Published: November 2021

Under superacid conditions, aromatic amines are directly and regioselectively 1,1‐difluoroethylated. Low temperature in situ NMR studies confirmed the presence of benzylic α‐fluoronium and α‐chloronium ions as key intermediates in the reaction. This method has a wide substrate scope and can be applied to the late‐stage functionalization of natural alkaloids and active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Bat point counts: A novel sampling method shines light on flying bat communities
Authors: Darras Kevin Felix Arno , Yusti Ellena , Huang Joe Chun‐Chia , Zemp Delphine‐Clara , Kartono Agus Priyono , Wanger Thomas Cherico
Published: November 2021

Emerging technologies based on the detection of electro‐magnetic energy offer promising opportunities for sampling biodiversity. We exploit their potential by showing here how they can be used in bat point counts—a novel method to sample flying bats—to overcome shortcomings of traditional sampling methods, and to maximize sampling coverage and taxonomic resolution of this elusive taxon with minimal sampling bias. We conducted bat point counts with a sampling rig combining a thermal scope to detect bats, an ultrasound recorder to obtain echolocation calls, and a near‐infrared camera to capture bat morphology. We identified bats with a dedicated identification key combining acoustic and morphological features, and compared bat point counts with the standard bat sampling methods of mist‐netting and automated ultrasound recording in three oil palm plantation sites in Indonesia, over nine survey nights. Based on rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves, bat point counts were similarly effective but more time‐efficient than the established methods for sampling the oil palm species pool in our study. Point counts sampled species that tend to avoid nets and those that are not echolocating, and thus cannot be detected acoustically. We identified some bat sonotypes with near‐infrared imagery, and bat point counts revealed strong sampling biases in previous studies using capture‐based methods, suggesting similar biases in other regions might exist. Our method should be tested in a wider range of habitats and regions to assess its performance. However, while capture‐based methods allow to identify bats with absolute and internal morphometry, and unattended ultrasound recorders can effectively sample echolocating bats, bat point counts are a promising, non‐invasive, and potentially competitive new tool for sampling all flying bats without bias and observing their behavior in the wild.
Evolutionary innovations in Antarctic brittle stars linked to glacial refugia
Authors: Lau Sally C. Y. , Strugnell Jan M. , Sands Chester J. , Silva Catarina N. S. , Wilson Nerida G.
Published: November 2021

The drivers behind evolutionary innovations such as contrasting life histories and morphological change are central questions of evolutionary biology. However, the environmental and ecological contexts linked to evolutionary innovations are generally unclear. During the Pleistocene glacial cycles, grounded ice sheets expanded across the Southern Ocean continental shelf. Limited ice‐free areas remained, and fauna were isolated from other refugial populations. Survival in Southern Ocean refugia could present opportunities for ecological adaptation and evolutionary innovation. Here, we reconstructed the phylogeographic patterns of circum‐Antarctic brittle stars Ophionotus victoriae and O. hexactis with contrasting life histories (broadcasting vs brooding) and morphology (5 vs 6 arms). We examined the evolutionary relationship between the two species using cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) data. COI data suggested that O. victoriae is a single species (rather than a species complex) and is closely related to O. hexactis (a separate species). Since their recent divergence in the mid‐Pleistocene, O. victoriae and O. hexactis likely persisted differently throughout glacial maxima, in deep‐sea and Antarctic island refugia, respectively. Genetic connectivity, within and between the Antarctic continental shelf and islands, was also observed and could be linked to the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and local oceanographic regimes. Signatures of a probable seascape corridor linking connectivity between the Scotia Sea and Prydz Bay are also highlighted. We suggest that survival in Antarctic island refugia was associated with increase in arm number and a switch from broadcast spawning to brooding in O. hexactis, and propose that it could be linked to environmental changes (such as salinity) associated with intensified interglacial‐glacial cycles.
Latitudinal gradients in sexual dimorphism: Alternative hypotheses for variation in male traits
Authors: Murray Christopher M. , McMahan Caleb D. , Litmer Allison R. , Goessling Jeffrey M. , Siegel Dustin
Published: November 2021

Biological patterns across latitudinal gradients elucidate a number of striking natural clines from which numerous processes can be further explored. The trade‐off between reproduction and somatic maintenance and growth represents a suite of life‐history traits with variable energy allocation and potential latitudinal patterns. Specifically, male sexually dimorphic traits in female choice systems represent one such reproductive investment constrained by resource acquisition and subsequent allocation. Latitudinal variation in sexual dimorphism has been suggested although the relationship between dimorphic traits and latitude are conflicting. Here, we test alternative hypotheses regarding this pattern using two broadly distributed vertebrates exhibiting sexually dimorphic traits. We hypothesized that the exaggeration of dimorphic traits correlates with latitude, with males having exaggerated sexually dimorphic traits at either higher or lower latitudes. Results indicate that male sexually dimorphic traits are exaggerated at lower latitudes while relative gonopodium size inPoecilia latipinnawas larger at higher latitudes. This pattern may be a result of lower latitude populations experiencing greater population densities and longer access to resources that could manifest in females more intensively selecting for higher quality males in lower latitudes. Experimental work should address this pattern and investigate mechanistic processes.
An efficient multicriteria‐based vertical handover decision‐making algorithm for heterogeneous networks
Authors: Satapathy Pratyashi , Mahapatro Judhistir
Published: November 2021

Heterogeneous networks are designed to offload or route some of data traffics of mobile networks through other co‐located wireless access networks. This technique apparently increases the capacity of mobile network. In such networks, a vertical handover process plays an important role in providing seamless and uninterrupted connectivity as well as the required level of quality‐of‐service along with a wide coverage for all mobile nodes. Traditional vertical handover algorithms that are based on single criterion (eg, received signal strength) are not performing well in terms of excess handover rates, ping‐pong effects, handover delays, handover cost, etc. This research presents an efficient multicriteria‐based vertical handover decision‐making algorithm for heterogeneous networks. This algorithm uses a two‐step execution procedure, the first step evaluates whether the handover is needed or not before initiating a handover process, if needed, then a set of feasible solutions are generated for the vertical handover problem formulated as a multi‐objective optimization problem with two objective functions such asquality factor of networksandhandover processing cost. In the second step, an optimal solution (ie, an appropriate access network) for handover is obtained using a hybrid approach of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) and technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). Our simulation study shows that the proposed algorithm performs well as compared to some other existing algorithms (ie, single‐criterion based, multicriteria with AHP, multicriteria with TOPSIS, and multicriteria with both AHP and TOPSIS) in terms of performance metrics such as handover rate, delay, cost, and energy consumption.
Rare case of a patient with testicular torsion complicated by acute pneumonia, requiring emergency surgery, during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Arai Masahiro , Okada Yohei , Takeshita Hideki , Tachibana Kojiro , Kagawa Makoto , Nakayama Takayuki , Yano Akihiro , Morozumi Makoto , Kawakami Satoru
Published: November 2021

Introduction

The COVID‐19 pandemic has been causing delay in patient arrival at hospital and starting surgery. We report a delay in a case of testicular torsion complicated by acute pneumonia during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Japan.

Case presentation

A 17‐year‐old Japanese boy presented to our emergency room with acute left scrotum pain and fever in January 2021. It took 2.5 h to transfer him. Physical examination and color Doppler ultrasonography revealed left testicular torsion. Chest computed tomography indicated acute pneumonia. He successfully underwent surgical detorsion 7.5 h after symptom onset, with COVID‐19 preventive measures in place. A negative polymerase chain reaction test result for COVID‐19 was revealed after surgery.

Conclusion

We experienced a rare case of testicular torsion complicated by acute pneumonia during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Special attention should be paid to preventing infection and surgery delay to avoid testicular loss.
CircSamd4: A novel biomarker for predicting vascular calcification
Authors: Zhou Yuting , Liu Yehong , Xuan Shiyi , Jin Tianhui , Chen Ke , Wu Zufei , Su Wentao , Chen Liang , Zong Gangjun
Published: November 2021

Background

Vascular calcification (VC) is usually associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which are one of the main causes of mortality in the world. This study aimed to analyze the expression of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in patients with VC and to evaluate biomarkers for the diagnosis of VC.

Methods

Calcified human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) and the calcification in mouse aorta were detected by qRT‐PCR. Subsequently, this was verified in the plasma of patients with coronary artery calcification (CAC). The plasma of 40 patients in the control group and 31 patients in the calcified group were detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) to detect the level of circSamd4a in the blood. The diagnostic value was evaluated by logistic regression analysis and the working characteristics of subjects.

Results

In the HAECs, the qRT‐PCR showed a significant decrease in the level of circSamd4a expression in the calcification group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The calcified mouse aorta showed the same trend for circSamd4a expression, wherein the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05); the expression of circSamd4a was significantly downregulated in the plasma of patients with VC (p < 0.01). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of circSamd4a in patients with VC and control group showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.81 (95% CI: 0.707–0.913; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

CircSamd4a showed a stable downward trend in different specimens, and had significant advantages as a biomarker for diagnosis of VC.
Clinical efficacy and adverse events of baricitinib treatment for coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19): A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Lin Zhiwei , Niu Jianyi , Xu Yifan , Qin Lijie , Ding Jiabin , Zhou Luqian
Published: November 2021

The benefits of baricitinib in coronavirus disease‐2019 are inadequately defined. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of studies of baricitinib to determine its clinical efficacy and adverse events in patients with COVID‐19. Databases were searched from their inception to September 5, 2021. The primary outcome was the coefficient of mortality. We also compared secondary indicators and adverse events between baricitinib treatment and placebo or other treatments. Twelve studies of 3564 patients were included and assessed qualitatively (modified Jadad and Newcastle–Ottawa Scale scores). Baricitinib effectively improved the mortality rate (relative risk of mortality = 0.56; 95% confidence interval: 0.46–0.69; p < 0.001; I2 = 2%), and this result was unchanged by subgroup analysis. Baricitinib improved intensive care unit admission, the requirement for invasive mechanical ventilation, and improved the oxygenation index. Data from these studies also showed that baricitinib slightly reduced the risk of adverse events. Regarding the choice of the drug dosage of baricitinib, the high‐dose group appeared to have additional benefits for clinical efficacy. Our study shows that baricitinib may be a promising, safe, and effective anti‐severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus‐2 drug candidate, with the advantages of low cost, easy production, and convenient storage.
Temporal evolution of relationships between temperature and circulation modes in five reanalyses
Authors: Hynčica Martin , Huth Radan
Published: November 2021

Temporal evolution of relationships between surface temperature and modes of low‐frequency circulation variability is compared between five reanalyses (20CRv3, 20CRv2c, ERA‐20C, JRA‐55, and NCEP‐1) in winter from 1958 to 2010 over the northern Extratropics. The relationships are evaluated using 15‐year running correlations between temperature anomalies (from the CRU TS v. 4.03 data set) and the intensity of circulation modes (detected in 500 hPa heights by rotated principal component analysis). The analysis, utilizing mean absolute differences between time series of running correlations, points to the large agreement between ERA‐20C, JRA‐55, and NCEP‐1. Circulation modes in those reanalyses are highly similar, which in turn lead to the agreement in temporal development of correlations. In contrast, relationships of some circulation modes with temperature in 20CRv3 and 20CRv2c differ due to differences in the position, strength, and shape of the action centres. This concerns circulation modes located over Eurasia and the Atlantic, mainly North Atlantic Oscillation and Eurasian mode type 1 (EU1). Composite maps, calculated for all running periods, indicate dissimilar temporal evolution of action centres in both 20CR reanalyses. Increased differences in correlations occur mainly during periods when the position and strength of action centres diverge the most. Relationships of circulation modes located over North America and the Pacific with temperature share large resemblance between all reanalyses, including those from the 20CR family. Differences appear to be smaller in 20CRv3 compared to the preceding version, 20CRv2(c), suggesting that the development of the 20CR reanalysis has succeeded in correcting and diminishing biases.
Optimization of the extraction process of flavonoids from Trollius ledebouri with natural deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Zuo Jiale , Ma Peirong , Geng Shuqin , Kong Yangzhi , Li Xiang , Fan Zhaosheng , Zhang Yanling , Dong Alideertu , Zhou Qun
Published: November 2021

In recent years, natural deep eutectic solvents have been favored greatly due to their environment friendly, mild biological toxicity and simple biodegradability. Natural deep eutectic solvents gradually applied for the extracting bioactive compounds from natural products efficiently. In this study, 20 natural deep eutectic solvents were prepared and their physical and chemical properties were tested. The ultrasonic‐assisted extraction method was used to extract flavonoids from Trollius ledebouri and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐ultraviolet was applied to examine two main bioactive flavonoids (orientin and vitexin). Compared with traditional solvents (water and 60% ethanol solution), natural deep eutectic solvents composed of L(‐)‐proline and levulinic acid (molar ratio 1:2) show a super extraction efficiency. On this basis, the response surface method was used to optimize the extraction temperature, extraction time, water contents, and solid–liquid ratio. As a consequence, the extraction temperature 60℃, extraction time 18 min, water content 14% (v/v), and the solid–liquid ratio 48 mL·g−1 were chosen as the best extraction process. This study shows that natural deep eutectic solvents can effectively extract flavonoids from T. ledebouri, laying a foundation for the further application of natural deep eutectic solvents to extract bioactive compounds from natural products.
Coastal wetland responses to a century of climate change in northern Sahara, Morocco
Authors: Nogueira Juliana , Evangelista Heitor , Bouchaou Lhoussaine , Moreira Luciane , Sifeddine Abdelfettah , ElMouden Ahmed , Msanda Fouad , Caquineau Sandrine , Briceño‐Zuluaga Francisco Javier , Licínio Marcus Vinicius , Mandeng‐Yogo Magloire , Mendez‐Millan Mercedes , Cordeiro Renato C. , Knoppers Bastiaan , Moreira‐Ramírez Manuel , Martins Renato
Published: November 2021

Coastal wetlands are highly sensitive to changes occurring at the coastline. It is critically important to determine region‐specific projections for these areas due to their specificities and vulnerabilities to climate change. This work aimed to value the impacts of recent climate changes at West Africa Sahara coastland, southern Morocco, at Khnifiss Lagoon. We have applied a combined approach using remote sensing techniques and environmental reconstructions based on high‐resolution analysis of sediment cores, covering the current warm period. Remote sensing highlighted changes to the lagoon inlet, accompanied by a greater meandering character of the tidal channels. As a response, the sediment cores have recorded a predominant vegetation substitution due to changes in the tidal limit, and an increase in organic carbon accumulation was observed. For the current climatology, during positive phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation, winds reaching the coast strengthen in an east‐to‐west direction. In the Khnifiss Lagoon, whose inlet is dominated by the ebb tide, the intensity and direction of the winds on the coast at surface level modifies its connection to the ocean by increasing sediment transport toward the interior of the lagoon. Locally biological responses to wind intensification, and possibly sea‐level rise, exemplify the lagoon sensitivity to large‐scale processes. Coastal vegetated wetlands are considered to be highly dynamic environments. However, we expect a loss of the upper tidal vegetation due to boundary conditions limiting the accommodation space in this arid environment in a possible future scenario of continuously inland tidal line displacement.
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis lkm512 Attenuates Obesity‐Associated Inflammation and Insulin Resistance Through the Modification of Gut Microbiota in High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obese Mice
Authors: Ma Lingyan , Zheng Aqian , Ni Liyang , Wu Lianxin , Hu Luting , Zhao Yufeng , Fu Zhengwei , Ni Yinhua
Published: November 2021

Scope

The impacts of longevity‐promoting probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis LKM512 (LKM512) on metabolic disease remain unclear. Here, the authors aim to explore the potential of LKM512 on the host physiological function and gut microbiota in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice.

Methods and Results

LKM512 are orally administrated for 12 weeks, and the effects of LKM 512 on systemic inflammation and insulin resistance, as well as gut microbiota, are investigated in high‐fat (HF) diet‐induced obese mice. LKM512 supplementation ameliorates hepatic lipid accumulation, attenuates hepatic and adipose tissue inflammation, and improves intestinal barrier function. These results are associated with improved insulin sensitivity and metabolic endotoxemia. Furthermore, the colonization of LKM512 induces an increase in polyamine metabolism and production, together with significant alternations in the composition and function of gut microbiota in obese mice, which are correlated with these improved metabolic phenotypes in the host.

Conclusion

The probiotic strain LKM512 may become a promising strategy to improve obesity and related metabolic disorders.