bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Profile of Five Generations of Aspirants to the Nursing Master's Degree Program of the National Autonomous University of Mexico
Authors: González-Juárez Graciela , Gómez Gandhy Ponce , Cruz Alejandra Valencia , González Daniela Cocolotl , Pancardo Diana Cecilia Tapia
Published: June 2021

Background: The nursing master's degree program of the National Autonomous University of Mexico conducted this self-assessment as part of a larger evaluation research project. The results based on the Psychological Evaluation Manual (PEM), which is used since 2010 and which estimates the general characteristics of the psychological profile of the aspirant students, are shown.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the levels of performance of the aspirants to the nursing master's degree program and simultaneously, identify the related academic trajectory variables, based on the Psychological Assessment Manual, and in line with the nursing master's degree formative self-evaluation frame.

Methods: The study was descriptive and transversal. The sample was constituted by 169 aspirants to the nursing master's degree program from 2015 to 2020 generations.

Results: Some dimensions of the Psychological Evaluation Manual are significant to predict a successful academic trajectory. From the linear regression, it was observed that the variables Abstract reasoning and Avoidance of challenging work explain 18.9% of the variance in the average of the master's, with Abstract reasoning having a higher positive impact beta = .011) while in Avoidance of challenging work it was -.014. According to the, the expected profile of the aspirants to the nursing master's degree program implies medium-high scores on the scales of Academic aptitude, Adjustment to the reference social norms, as well as with Facilitating aspect, while medium-low scores in the scales of Deviation from the reference social norms and Limiting aspects.

Conclusions: The study is that the Psychological Assessment Manual inputs valuable information which contributes to better estimate the profile of the aspirants to the program.
A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of Lekhana Basti and Modified Vachadi Gana Basti in Combination with Navaka Guggulu in Sthaulya (Obesity) -A Study Protocol
Authors: Bhonsle Amiya , Parwe Shweta , Nisargandha Milind
Published: June 2021

Background: Sthoulya described as Obesity occurs due to the vitiation of Kapha & Vata. The signs and symptoms of Sthoulya can be correlated with Obesity. This has been said in Ayurveda and Sthaulya purusha (Obese person) is considered one of the nindita Purusha. Lekhaniya gana contains the drugs like Triphala, Shatpushpa, Madhu (Honey), Ushaka, Kasis, Tuttha, Shilajit, Saindhava (Salt), Yavakshar, Gomutra (Cow Urine) which are having specially lekhaniya (Scraping) properties, Kapha and Meda (fat) hara property, in sthaulya increased kapha and meda (fat) is seen, the medicine having these lekhaniya property helps to scrap the excess fat from the body so this medicine is helpful to reduce fat. While Modified Vachadi Gana (Group of herbs) contains Devdaru (Cedrus Deodara), Shunthi (Zingiber Officinale), Vacha (Acorus Calamus), Haritaki (Terminalia Chebula), Ativisha (Aconitum Heterophyllum), Nagarmotha (Cyperus Rotundus), Ushaka, Kasis (Ferrous Sulfate), Tuttha (Blue Vitriol), Shilajit (Asphaltum), Saindhava (salt), Yavakshar (Hordeum Vulgare), Modified Vachadi gana having  vata and kapha hara property & Lekhaniya (Scraping)  property both.   So it is used in vata kaphaja vikara like sthaulya so to treat it vata kapha reducing medicine is to use. Modified Vachadi Gana having those above properties apart from that also having lekhaniya property. Hence, it also helps to scrap the excess fat from the body, so this medicine is helpful to reduce fat.

Aim: To study the effect of Lekhana Basti & Modified Vachadi Gana Basti along with Navak Guguulu  in sthoulya (Obesity).

Objectives: To study the impact of Lekhana Basti on body mass index, body circumference measurements, skinfold thickness, lipid profile, To study the impact of Vachadi gana yoga basti (Modified) on body mass index, body circumference measurements, skinfold thickness & lipid profile, To compare the efficacy of Lekhana Basti and Modified Vachadi Gana basti on body mass Index, body circumference measurements, skinfold thickness & lipid profile.

Materials and Methods: A total of 35 patients will be selected in each group from the outpatient department of Panchakarma MGACH & RC. Basti will be done in Yog basti pattern. In Group A, Lekhana Basti & In Group B, Modified Vachadi Basti will be used. After Basti Krama 16 Days, Parihara Kala is to be given.

Conclusion: Based on the result conclusion will be drawn.
Profile of occurrence in the service to elderly people by the mobile pre-hospital care service / Perfil de ocorrência no atendimento aos idosos pelo serviço de atendimento pré-hospitalar móvel
Authors: Fernandes Barbosa Keylla Talitha , Rodrigues da Silva Melo Fabiana , Rodrigues Lopes de Oliveira Fabiana Maria , Ribeiro de Sá Laisa , Pessoa da Rocha Leal Natalia , Alves de Carvalho Michelle
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: analisar o perfil das ocorrências clínicas e traumatológicas em idosos atendidos pelo Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgências. Métodos: estudo descritivo, transversal, documental retrospectivo, realizado em 359 registros do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência em um município da Paraíba, entre julho de 2017 e julho de 2018. Utilizou-se um instrumento com questões sociodemográfica, natureza da ocorrência e intervenções realizadas. Analisou-se os dados com estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados: a maioria das ocorrências acometeram homens de 80 anos ou mais. Os agravos clínicos predominaram em ambos os sexos (79,9%), seguido pelas ocorrências traumáticas (19,4%). Destas, 84,2% foram quedas, 14,3% acidentes e 1,5% afogamento. A Unidade de Suporte Avançado de Vida foi utilizada em 77,2% das ocorrências. As intervenções prevalentes foram a instalação do acesso venoso periférico e a oxigenoterapia. Conclusão: enfatiza-se a necessidade do reconhecimento dos grupos vulneráveis para compreender os aspectos relacionados as ocorrências e implementar medidas preventivas.
Pattern‐Potential‐Guided Growth of Textured Macromolecular Films on Graphene/High‐Index Copper
Authors: Zhou Dikui , Zhang Zhihong , Zhu Yihan , Xiao Yiqun , Ding Qingqing , Ruan Luoyuan , Sun Yiran , Zhang Zhibin , Zhu Chongzhi , Chen Zongping , Wu Yongjun , Huang Yuhui , Sheng Guan , Li Jixue , Yu Dapeng , Wang Enge , Ren Zhaohui , Lu Xinhui , Liu Kaihui , Han Gaorong
Published: June 2021

Macromolecular films are crucial functional materials widely used in the fields of mechanics, electronics, optoelectronics, and biology, due to their superior properties of chemical stability, small density, high flexibility, and solution‐processing ability. Their electronic and mechanical properties, however, are typically much lower than those of crystalline materials, as the macromolecular films have no long‐range structural ordering. The state‐of‐the‐art for producing highly ordered macromolecular films is still facing a great challenge due to the complex interactions between adjacent macromolecules. Here, the growth of textured macromolecular films on a designed graphene/high‐index copper (Cu) surface is demonstrated. This successful growth is driven by a patterned potential that originates from the different amounts of charge transfer between the graphene and Cu surfaces with, alternately, terraces and step edges. The textured films exhibit a remarkable improvement in remnant ferroelectric polarization and fracture strength. It is also demonstrated that this growth mechanism is universal for different macromolecules. As meter‐scale graphene/high‐index Cu substrates have recently become available, the results open a new regime for the production and applications of highly ordered macromolecular films with obvious merits of high production and low cost.
Pd‐Single‐Atom Coordinated Biocatalysts for Chem‐/Sono‐/Photo‐Trimodal Tumor Therapies
Authors: Du Fangxue , Liu Luchang , Wu Zihe , Zhao Zhenyang , Geng Wei , Zhu Bihui , Ma Tian , Xiang Xi , Ma Lang , Cheng Chong , Qiu Li
Published: June 2021

The diversity, complexity, and heterogeneity of malignant tumor seriously undermine the efficiency of mono‐modal treatment. Recently, multi‐modal therapeutics with enhanced antitumor efficiencies have attracted increasing attention. However, designing a nanotherapeutic platform with uniform morphology in nanoscale that integrates with efficient chem‐/sono‐/photo‐trimodal tumor therapies is still a great challenge. Here, new and facile Pd‐single‐atom coordinated porphyrin‐based polymeric networks as biocatalysts, namely, Pd‐Pta/Por, for chem‐/sono‐/photo‐trimodal tumor therapies are designed. The atomic morphology and chemical structure analysis prove that the biocatalyst consists of atomic Pd‐N coordination networks with a Pd‐N2‐Cl2 catalytic center. The characterization of peroxidase‐like catalytic activities displays that the Pd‐Pta/Por can generate abundant •OH radicals for chemodynamic therapies. The ultrasound irradiation or laser excitation can significantly boost the catalytic production of 1O2 by the porphyrin‐based sono‐/photosensitizers to achieve combined sono‐/photodynamic therapies. The superior catalytic production of •OH is further verified by density functional theory calculation. Finally, the corresponding in vitro and in vivo experiments have demonstrated their synergistic chem‐/sono‐/photo‐trimodal antitumor efficacies. It is believed that this study provides new promising single‐atom‐coordinated polymeric networks with highly efficient biocatalytic sites and synergistic trimodal therapeutic effects, which may inspire many new findings in reactive oxygen species‐related biological applications across broad therapeutics and biomedical fields.
Osteoporosis Remission and New Bone Formation with Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Mora‐Raimundo Patricia , Lozano Daniel , Benito Manuel , Mulero Francisca , Manzano Miguel , Vallet‐Regí María
Published: June 2021

Nanotechnology changed the concept of treatment for a variety of diseases, producing a huge impact regarding drug and gene delivery. Among the different targeted diseases, osteoporosis has devastating clinical and economic consequences. Since current osteoporosis treatments present several side effects, new treatment approaches are needed. Recently, the application of small interfering RNA (siRNA) has become a promising alternative. Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway controls bone development and formation. This pathway is negatively regulated by sclerostin, which knock‐down through siRNA application would potentially promote bone formation. However, the major bottleneck for siRNA‐based treatments is the necessity of a delivery vector, bringing nanotechnology as a potential solution. Among the available nanocarriers, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have attracted great attention for intracellular delivery of siRNAs. The mesoporous structure of MSNs permits the delivery of siRNAs together with another biomolecule, achieving a combination therapy. Here, the effectiveness of a new potential osteoporosis treatment based on MSNs is evaluated. The proposed system is effective in delivering SOST siRNA and osteostatin through systemic injection to bone tissue. The nanoparticle administration produced an increase expression of osteogenic related genes improving the bone microarchitecture. The treated osteoporotic mice recovered values of a healthy situation approaching to osteoporosis remission.
Impact of anticoagulation on recurrent thrombosis and bleeding after hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Martens Kylee L. , Amos Christopher I. , Hernandez Cristhiam Rojas , Kebriaei Partow , da Costa Wilson L. , Basom Ryan , Davis Chris , Kesten Madeline , Carrier Marc , Garcia David A. , Lee Stephanie J. , Li Ang
Published: June 2021

History of venous thromboembolism (VTE) is prevalent among patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Management of anticoagulation is particularly challenging as most patients will have chemotherapy‐induced thrombocytopenia while awaiting engraftment post‐HCT. We conducted a retrospective study of autologous and allogeneic HCT recipients with prior VTE from 2006–2015 to 1) compare anticoagulant strategies on short‐term VTE recurrence and bleeding and 2) assess predictors for VTE recurrence beyond 30 days. Patients with VTE were allocated to two cohorts based on anticoagulant strategy at thrombocytopenia onset and underwent inverse probability weighting to assess primary outcomes of VTE recurrence and bleeding within 30 days post‐HCT. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression model was used to assess the association of 100‐day VTE recurrence by the HIGH‐2‐LOW VTE risk assessment score and whether patients resumed anticoagulation at platelet recovery. Thirteen percent of recipients had VTE prior to HCT; of those meeting inclusion criteria, 227 continued anticoagulation and 113 temporarily discontinued it. Anticoagulant strategy was not significantly associated with decreased risk of VTE recurrence within 30 days (3% vs 4%, p = 0.61); however, risk of overall bleeding was non‐significantly higher in those who continued vs discontinued anticoagulation (41% vs 31%, p = 0.08). In a subgroup of 250 allogeneic HCT patients, every one‐point increase of HIGH‐2‐LOW score was significantly associated with VTE recurrence at 100 days (OR 1.57 [95% CI 1.10–2.23]), while anticoagulation resumption upon platelet engraftment was associated with lower recurrent risk (OR 0.48 [0.20–1.14]). Temporarily withholding anticoagulation during thrombocytopenia may optimize risk–benefit tradeoffs, though additional strategies are essential to prevent VTE recurrence after hematopoietic recovery.
Challenging the binary: Gender/sex and the bio‐logics of normalcy
Authors: DuBois L. Zachary , Shattuck‐Heidorn Heather
Published: June 2021

Background

We are witnessing renewed debates regarding definitions and boundaries of human gender/sex, where lines of genetics, gonadal hormones, and secondary sex characteristics are drawn to defend strict binary categorizations, with attendant implications for the acceptability and limits of gender identity and diversity.

Aims

Many argue for the need to recognize the entanglement of gender/sex in humans and the myriad ways that gender experience becomes biology; translating this theory into practice in human biology research is essential. Biological anthropology is well poised to contribute to these societal conversations and debates. To do this effectively, a reconsideration of our own conceptions of gender/sex, gender identity, and sexuality is necessary.

Methods

In this article, we discuss biological variation associated with gender/sex and propose ways forward to ensure we are engaging with gender/sex diversity. We base our analysis in the concept of “biological normalcy,” which allows consideration of the relationships between statistical distributions and normative views. We address the problematic reliance on binary categories, the utilization of group means to represent typical biologies, and document ways in which binary norms reinforce stigma and inequality regarding gender/sex, gender identity, and sexuality.

Discussion and Conclusions

We conclude with guidelines and methodological suggestions for how to engage gender/sex and gender identity in research. Our goal is to contribute a framework that all human biologists can use, not just those who work with gender or sexually diverse populations. We hope that in bringing this perspective to bear in human biology, that novel ideas and applications will emerge from within our own discipline.
Na2 Eosin Y Catalyzed Alkylation of Enol Acetates by Radical Decarboxylation of N‐Hydroxyphthalimide Esters
Authors: Nie Yu , Wang Zechao , Feng Zengqiang , Dong Bingbing , Bai Yuyang , Leng Yuting , Wu Junliang
Published: June 2021

A novel, efficient and transition‐metal‐free alkylation of enol acetates by radical decarboxylation of N‐hydroxyphthalimide esters to synthesize α‐alkylated ketones in existence of Na2‐eosin Y at room temperature has been developed. This methodology features operational simplicity, mild reaction conditions, widely functional group tolerance, affording a diverse array of α‐alkylated ketones in moderate to good yields.
Assessment of patient recognition of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19)‐associated olfactory loss and recovery: a longitudinal study
Authors: Prajapati Divya P. , Shahrvini Bita , Said Mena , Srinivas Shanmukha , DeConde Adam S. , Yan Carol H.
Published: June 2021

Background

The clinical course of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) olfactory dysfunction remains poorly characterized, often limited by self‐reported measures. Given the logistical challenges of psychophysical testing, understanding the longitudinal relationship between self‐reported and quantitative measures can help accurately identify patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction. This study aimed to longitudinally correlate measured and subjective olfactory function in COVID‐19 subjects.

Methods

A prospective, longitudinal study evaluating subjective and measured olfaction was conducted on ambulatory COVID‐19 subjects. Olfaction scores were obtained using a visual analogue scale (VAS) (0 = anosmia, 10 = normosmia) and the validated 12‐item Brief Smell Identification Test (BSIT). Weekly testing was performed until recovery (BSIT ≥ 9/12 and/or VAS = 10/10) or study completion.

Results

Eighty‐six polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐positive COVID‐19 subjects were recruited ≤3 days from diagnosis and 52 completed longitudinal testing. Among those with self‐reported smell loss at recruitment, similar levels (75.8%) of objective (BSIT ≥ 9/12) and subjective recovery were obtained using a VAS cutoff ≥8, yet only 30.3% reported complete subjective recovery (VAS = 10). Median times to objective and complete subjective olfactory recovery were 12 ± 2.3 and 24 ± 3.5 days, respectively. Although both measures showed chemosensory improvement, the distributions of objective and full subjective olfactory recovery differed significantly (log rank test χ2 = 6.46, degrees of freedom [df] = 1, p = 0.011). Overall correlation between BSIT and VAS scores was moderate to strong across longitudinal follow‐up (rs = 0.41–0.65).

Conclusion

Self‐reported and psychophysically measured COVID‐19 olfactory dysfunction improve at similar levels and are moderately correlated longitudinally, yet there is a significant delay in complete subjective recovery. Psychophysical testing in conjunction with qualitative assessments may be considered for counseling and follow‐up of patients with COVID‐19 smell loss.
Vancomycin‐Functionalized Porphyrinic Metal‐Organic Framework PCN‐224 with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity against Staphylococcus Aureus
Authors: Chen Li‐Jian , Liu Yao‐Yao , Zhao Xu , Yan Xiu‐Ping
Published: June 2021

A vancomycin (Van) modification strategy on a porphyrinic metal‐organic framework (MOF) PCN‐224 is presented. The obtained Van‐PCN‐224 gives the combined advantages of porphyrinic MOF and Van with high photosensitive activity and excellent targeted antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The features make Van‐PCN‐224 promising for antimicrobial therapy.
Performance Assessment Study on the Na‐O‐H Thermochemical Water Splitting Cycle for Hydrogen Generation
Authors: Oruc Onur , Dincer Ibrahim
Published: June 2021

The sodium‐oxygen‐hydrogen (Na‐O‐H) thermochemical cycle is investigated, as one of the potential methods of thermochemical water decomposition and hydrogen generation. The hydrogen production reaction, metal separation reaction, and hydrolysis reaction, forming the Na‐O‐H thermochemical cycle, are examined by RGibbs reactor modeling. The parameters for the three reactions are optimized in terms of hydrogen yield, pressure, temperature, and heat requirement. The metal separation reaction is carried out under vacuum pressure, while other reactions can be conducted under atmospheric pressure.
Solvent‐Controlled Construction of Molecular Chains and Bowls/Sieves from a Bent Dipyridyl Ligand†
Authors: Tian Xiao‐Yun , Chen Xiao‐Xian , Wang Chao , Ye Zi‐Ming , Zhou Dong‐Dong , Zhang Jie‐Peng
Published: June 2021

Main observation and conclusion

Solvothermal reactions of 3,6‐di(pyridin‐4‐yl)‐9H‐carbazole (dpc) with Cu(II) yielded crystals of two new coordination complexes, namely [Cu(CH3COO)2(dpc)(H2O)2]n·xGuest (1) and [Cu13(HCOO)16(dpc)16(H2O)6](HCOO)10·Guest (2), in which CH3COO– and HCOO– were generated from the hydrolysis of the solvents N,N‐dimethylacetamide (DMA) and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), respectively. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction showed that 1 possesses simple wavy coordination chains, while 2 possesses large molecular bowls/sieves with outer and inner effective sizes of 30.2 × 30.2 × 25.5 Å3 and 15.0 × 15.0 × 18.6 Å3, respectively, which consists of 4 linear Cu3(HCOO)4(H2O) clusters and 12 dpc ligands as the square‐shaped wall and a claw‐like Cu(dpc)4 fragment as the bottle. Guest‐free 2 can adsorb considerable amounts of CO2, H2O and CH3OH but completely exclude C2H4 and C3H6, which shows a potential application for olefin drying.
Two‐Channel Model for Electron Transfer in a Dye‐Catalyst‐Dye Supramolecular Complex for Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Shao Yang , de Groot Huub J. M. , Buda Francesco
Published: June 2021

To improve the performance of dye‐sensitized photoelectrochemical cell (DS‐PEC) devices for splitting water, the tailoring of the photocatalytic four‐photon water oxidation half‐reaction represents a principle challenge of fundamental significance. In this study, a Ru‐based water oxidation catalyst (WOC) covalently bound to two 2,6‐diethoxy‐1,4,5,8‐diimide‐naphthalene (NDI) dye functionalities provides comparable driving forces and channels for electron transfer. Constrained ab initio molecular dynamics simulations are performed to investigate the photocatalytic cycle of this two‐channel model for photocatalytic water splitting. The introduction of a second light‐harvesting dye in the Ru‐based dye‐WOC‐dye supramolecular complex enables two separate parallel electron‐transfer channels, leading to a five‐step catalytic cycle with three intermediates and two doubly oxidized states. The total spin S=1 is conserved during the catalytic process and the system with opposite spin on the oxidized NDI proceeds from the Ru=O intermediate to the final Ru‐O2 intermediate with a triplet molecular 3O2 ligand that is eventually released into the environment. The in‐depth insight into the proposed photocatalytic cycle of the two‐channel model provides a strategy for the development of novel high‐efficiency supramolecular complexes for DS‐PEC devices with buildup and conservation of spin multiplicity along the reaction coordinate as a design principle.
Single‐cell analyses reveal suppressive tumor microenvironment of human colorectal cancer
Authors: Mei Yan , Xiao Weiwei , Hu Hao , Lu Guanming , Chen Lingdan , Sun Zhun , Lü Mengdie , Ma Wenhui , Jiang Ting , Gao YuanHong , Li LiRen , Chen Gong , Wang Zifeng , Li Hanjie , Wu Duojiao , Zhou Pinghong , Leng Qibin , Jia Guangshuai
Published: June 2021

Profiling heterologous cell types within tumors is essential to decipher tumor microenvironment that shapes tumor progress and determines the outcome of therapeutic response. Here, we comprehensively characterized transcriptomes of 34,037 single cells obtained from 12 treatment‐naïve patients with colorectal cancer. Our comprehensive evaluation revealed attenuated B‐cell antigen presentation, distinct regulatory T‐cell clusters with different origin and novel polyfunctional tumor associated macrophages associated with CRC. Moreover, we identified expanded XCL1+ T‐cell clusters associated with tumor mutational burden high status. We further explored the underlying molecular mechanisms by profiling epigenetic landscape and inferring transcription factor motifs using single‐cell ATAC‐seq. Our dataset and analysis approaches herein provide a rich resource for further study of the impact of immune cells and translational research for human colorectal cancer.
Fractional squirrel–dolphin echolocation with deep belief network for network‐controlled vertical handoff in disparate and heterogeneous wireless network
Authors: Patil Mithun B. , Patil Rekha
Published: June 2021

The innovative characteristics of different heterogeneous wireless networks provide better service. The disparate wireless access networks consist of wireless metropolitan access network (WMAN) and cellular networks. Various techniques are devised for dynamic network selection, but these techniques concentrated on attaining improved performance. To address this issue, a novel method is devised to improve the energy efficiency of disparate heterogeneous wireless networks. Here, the proposed fractional squirrel–dolphin echolocation (FrSqDE) algorithm is devised by integrating squirrel search optimization (SSA) and fractional dolphin echolocation (fractional DE) algorithm. In addition, the fitness function is considered with certain factors that include delay, bit error rate (BER), jitter, packet loss, energy consumption, probability of hot spot, average bit rate (ABR), and received signal strength (RSS). The proposed FrSqDE optimization algorithm is used for training deep belief networks (DBNs) to select optimal weights. Here, the network selection factors are given as input to the proposed FrSqDE‐based DBN, wherein optimal decision is made to handle vertical handoff. The proposed FrSqDE‐based DBN offered improved performance with a minimal call drop probability of 0.050, minimal delay of 0.013 s, minimal energy consumption of 0.393 J, and maximal throughput of 117.972 kbps.
The ratio of single to co‐colonization is key to complexity in interacting systems with multiple strains
Authors: Gjini Erida , Madec Sten
Published: June 2021

The high number and diversity of microbial strains circulating in host populations have motivated extensive research on the mechanisms that maintain biodiversity. However, much of this work focuses on strain‐specific and cross‐immunity interactions. Another less explored mode of pairwise interaction is via altered susceptibilities to co‐colonization in hosts already colonized by one strain. Diversity in such interaction coefficients enables strains to create dynamically their niches for growth and persistence, and “engineer” their common environment. How such a network of interactions with others mediates collective coexistence remains puzzling analytically and computationally difficult to simulate. Furthermore, the gradients modulating stability‐complexity regimes in such multi‐player endemic systems remain poorly understood. In a recent study (Madec & Gjini, Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 82), we obtained an analytic representation for N‐type coexistence in an SIS epidemiological model with co‐colonization. We mapped multi‐strain dynamics to a replicator equation using timescale separation. Here, we examine what drives coexistence regimes in such co‐colonization system. We find the ratio of single to co‐colonization, µ, critically determines the type of equilibrium and number of coexisting strains, and encodes a trade‐off between overall transmission intensity R0 and mean interaction coefficient in strain space, k. Preserving a given coexistence regime, under fixed trait variation, requires balancing between higher mean competition in favorable environments, and higher cooperation in harsher environments, and is consistent with the stress gradient hypothesis. Multi‐strain coexistence tends to steady‐state attractors for small µ, whereas as µ increases, dynamics tend to more complex attractors. Following strain frequencies, evolutionary dynamics in the system also display contrasting patterns with µ, interpolating between multi‐stable and fluctuating selection for cooperation and mean invasion fitness, in the two extremes. This co‐colonization framework could be applied more generally, to study invariant principles in collective coexistence, and to quantify how critical shifts in community dynamics get potentiated by mean‐field and environmental gradients.
Role of depleted initial energy reserves in early benthic phase mortality of six marine invertebrate species
Authors: Mendt Shannon R. , Gosselin Louis A.
Published: June 2021

Insufficient energy reserves are widely considered to be a primary factor contributing to high rates of early benthic phase mortality among benthic marine invertebrates, but this hypothesis has been based mostly on indirect, observational evidence, and remains largely untested. We therefore examined the role of initial energy reserves in regulating survivorship and growth during the early benthic phase. Recently settled or hatched individuals of six invertebrate species were collected from natural populations, maintained without food, and their survivorship was monitored. Contrary to expectations, starved individuals of all six species had high survivorship through the critical first 10 days of the early benthic phase, with half of the species experiencing <2% mortality, and the remaining three species experiencing only 6%–12% mortality. For five of the six species, 50% mortality was reached only after ≥50 days of starvation. Additionally, no difference in short‐term survivorship was detected among starved individuals of three different size classes (a proxy for energy reserves) of N. ostrina hatchlings. Finally, the effect of different durations of delayed feeding (0–50 days) on recovery (i.e., growth and survivorship) once food was made available revealed that duration of starvation prior to feeding can nevertheless have significant longer‐term impacts on the proportion of individuals that survive or their ability to grow. Together, these findings suggest that depleted energy reserves are not a primary cause of high mortality at the start of the early benthic phase, as had previously been hypothesized. Levels of energy reserves did influence growth, however, suggesting a possible indirect influence on performance by leaving individuals vulnerable for longer periods.
Recent Developments in Enantioselective Organocatalytic Cascade Reactions for the Construction of Halogenated Ring Systems
Authors: Maria Faisca Phillips Ana , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: June 2021

Chiral halogenated substances have many applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials, such as polymers, liquid crystals and as intermediates in synthesis. The presence of a halogen atom in a molecule can have a large effect in its properties; for instance, halogens are used in drugs to improve lipophilicity, membrane permeability and absorption, and even the blood‐brain barrier permeability. As highlighted in this review, there are nowadays a range of highly selective, versatile halogenating reagents, electrophilic, nucleophilic or radical in nature, which operate under mild conditions, allowing late‐stage functionalization of complex molecules in cascade reactions. Recent developments in organocatalyst design revealed novel Cinchona alkaloids derivatives, chiral phosphoric acids, amines, phosphines and several bifunctional catalysts, mostly thiourea‐ or squaramide‐based, which introduced chirality, with high levels of enantio‐ and diastereoselection, in the formation of one or multiple chiral centers in a single synthetic operation, as shown. In this review we survey the literature published in this field from 2014 to 2020.
After Action Reviews of COVID‐19 response: Case study of a large tertiary care hospital in Italy
Authors: Sorbello Sebastiano , Bossi Eleonora , Zandalasini Camilla , Carioli Greta , Signorelli Carlo , Ciceri Fabio , Ambrosio Alberto , Zangrillo Alberto , Odone Anna
Published: June 2021

Background

After‐Action Reviews (AARs) are management tools used to evaluate the response to public health emergencies at the national and subnational level. Aim of this study is to apply available AAR models to assess and critically appraise COVID‐19 response of San Raffaele Scientific Institute, a large university hospital in Milan, Italy.

Methods

We designed an AAR based on the key‐informant interview format, following the methodology proposed by the 2019 World Health Organization Guidance for AAR. After systematic assessment of the hospital reorganization, we conducted 36 semi‐structured interviews to professionals with executive, clinical, technical and administrative roles. We designed an ad‐hoc questionnaire exploring four areas: (i) staff management; (ii) logistics and supplies; (iii) COVID‐19 diagnosis and clinical management; (iv) communication.

Results

Overall, the hospital response was evaluated as effective and sufficiently prompt. Participants stressed the relevance of: (i) strong governance and coordination; (ii) readiness and availability of healthcare personnel; (iii) definition of a model of care based on a multidisciplinary approach. Challenges were reported for communication management and staff training.

Conclusions

This study is one of the first applications of the AAR to the COVID‐19 response in hospital settings, which can be successfully adapted or scaled up to other settings in order to implement preparedness strategies for future public health emergencies.
Testing cost containment of future healthcare with maintained or improved quality—The COSTCARES project
Authors: Swedberg Karl , Cawley Desmond , Ekman Inger , Rogers Heather L. , Antonic Darijana , Behmane Daiga , Björkman Ida , Britten Nicky , Buttigieg Sandra C. , Byers Vivienne , Börjesson Mats , Corazzini Kirsten , Fors Andreas , Granger Bradi , Joksimoski Boban , Lewandowski Roman , Sakalauskas Virgilijus , Srulovici Einav , Törnell Jan , Wallström Sara , Wolf Axel , Lloyd Helen M.
Published: June 2021

Background

Increasing healthcare costs need to be contained in order to maintain equality of access to care for all EU citizens. A cross‐disciplinary consortium of experts was supported by the EU FP7 research programme, to produce a roadmap on cost containment, while maintaining or improving the quality of healthcare. The roadmap comprises two drivers: person‐centred care and health promotion; five critical enablers also need to be addressed: information technology, quality measures, infrastructure, incentive systems, and contracting strategies.

Method

In order to develop and test the roadmap, a COST Action project was initiated: COST−CARES, with 28 participating countries. This paper provides an overview of evidence about the effects of each of the identified enablers. Intersections between the drivers and the enablers are identified as critical for the success of future cost containment, in tandem with maintained or improved quality in healthcare. This will require further exploration through testing.

Conclusion

Cost containment of future healthcare, with maintained or improved quality, needs to be addressed through a concerted approach of testing key factors. We propose a framework for test lab design based on these drivers and enablers in different European countries.
Accessing quality‐assured medicines for pregnancy complications in lower‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Hall Peter Edward
Published: June 2021

Synopsis

The quality of medicines used for pregnancy complications is often poor. Access to quality‐assured medicines requires strengthening of manufacture, drug regulation, supply chains, and information.
E‐cadherin (CDH1) gene –160C/A polymorphism and the risk of colorectal cancer: A meta‐analysis involving 17,291 subjects
Authors: Ye Chun‐Cui , Wang Jun
Published: June 2021

Background

The E‐cadherin (CDH1) polymorphism has been implicated in the susceptibility to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the results remain inconclusive. The present meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the association between the CDH1–160C/A polymorphism and CRC risk.

Methods

Relevant studies were retrieved by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, the Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI and Wanfang databases up to 11 March 2021. Pooled odds ratio and 95% confidence interval were calculated using either the fixed‐ or random‐effects model. Quality evaluation was carried out using Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). A trial sequential analysis (TSA) was conducted to reduce the risk of type I error.

Results

In total, 16 studies from 14 articles with 8699 patients and 8592 controls were included. In general, all studies were of high quality (NOS score higher than 6). Overall, no significant associations between the CDH1 –160C/A polymorphism and CRC risk were detected. In subgroup analysis by ethnicity, source of control, genotyping method and location, significant associations were found between the CDH1–160C/A polymorphism and the risk of CRC in the Caucasians and the hospital‐based subgroup. Furthermore, 10 studies with 8019 subjects reported the association between the polymorphism and clinical characteristics in CRC patients, and we found that the CDH1–160C/A polymorphism might show a protective role in the distal CRC subgroup. By TSA, the findings in the present study were based on sufficient evidence in Caucasians, but not in Asians.

Conclusions

This meta‐analysis suggests that the CDH1–160C/A polymorphism may be an important protective factor for CRC in Caucasians and a hospital‐based subgroup. Moreover, the polymorphism show a protective role in the distal CRC group. However, large and well‐designed studies are warranted to validate our findings, especially for Asians.
The strong clique index of a graph with forbidden cycles
Authors: Cho Eun‐Kyung , Choi Ilkyoo , Kim Ringi , Park Boram
Published: June 2021

Given a graph , the strong clique index of , denoted , is the maximum size of a set of edges such that every pair of edges in has distance at most 2 in the line graph of . As a relaxation of the renowned Erdős–Nešetřil conjecture regarding the strong chromatic index, Faudree et al. suggested investigating the strong clique index, and conjectured a quadratic upper bound in terms of the maximum degree. Recently, Cames van Batenburg, Kang, and Pirot conjectured a linear upper bound in terms of the maximum degree for graphs without even cycles. Namely, if is a ‐free graph with , then , and if is a ‐free bipartite graph, then . We prove the second conjecture in a stronger form, by showing that forbidding all odd cycles is not necessary. To be precise, we show that a ‐free graph with satisfies , when either or and is also ‐free. Regarding the first conjecture, we prove an upper bound that is off by the constant term. Namely, for , we prove that a ‐free graph with satisfies . This improves some results of Cames van Batenburg, Kang, and Pirot.
Technical evaluation of a clinical, bi‐planar, digital and upright X‐ray imaging unit
Authors: Kelly Charlotte , Delakis Ioannis
Published: June 2021

We describe the technical evaluation of the commercially available, clinical, bi‐planar, low dose, digital X‐ray system (EOS System, EOS imaging, France). The unit is used for upright, weight‐bearing musculoskeletal pathologies, in particular, in the spine and lower limbs. The evaluation incorporated tests on the X‐ray generator performance, radiation/imaging field alignment, dose area product accuracy and image quality. The assessment methodology was based on objective parameters and required equipment readily available for technical evaluation of other radiological equipment. Results demonstrated that the system performs well within acceptable performance criteria with regard to X‐ray generator performance, radiation/imaging field alignment and dose area product accuracy. In addition, results from the image‐quality assessment were aligned with previously published work. The work presented in this article can be used for the technical evaluation of the EOS System at other clinical sites.
Clinical and radiographic predictors of cardiovascular implantable electronic device lead failure at the time of initial implantation
Authors: Kim Eun‐jeong , Davogustto Giovanni , Huang Shi , Crossley George H. , Montgomery Jay A.
Published: June 2021

Objective

To assess the clinical and radiographic factors associated with lead failure by comparing subjects with lead failure within 10 years of implantation with an implant‐year‐matched group without lead failure.

Methods

A case‐control study with 49 subjects who received Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) between January 1, 1999 and July 31, 2008 and developed lead failure within 10 years of implantation in a single center. The control group consisted of subjects (n = 54) with normally functioning leads matched one‐to‐one by implant year.

Results

Among the failure group, the meantime from implantation to device lead failure was 4.70 ± 2.94 years. Older age at implantation was associated with a lower likelihood of lead failure (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.28 (75 vs 42 years old), 95% CI 0.12‐0.63, P = .002). A larger smallest loop diameter on the chest radiograph was also associated with a lower likelihood of lead failure (OR = 0.51 (31 vs 14 mm), 95% CI 0.27‐0.97, P = .04). CIED type (defibrillator vs pacemaker) and Ottawa scores were not significantly associated with lead failure. Among lead‐specific parameters, defibrillation lead vs pace‐sense lead was associated with lead failure (OR = 3.91, 95% CI 1.95‐7.81, P < .001).

Conclusions

Younger age, defibrillation leads, and small lead loops are associated with lead failure in CIEDs. Techniques to avoid tight loops in the pocket could potentially reduce the risk of lead failure and bear important implications for the implanting physician.
Selvester score predicts implantable cardioverter defibrillator shocks in patients with non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Arısoy Fazıl , Ozcan Celebi Ozlem , Erbay İlke , Tufekcioglu Omaç , Aydoğdu Sinan , Temizhan Ahmet
Published: June 2021

Background

The implantable cardiac defibrillator is the cornerstone of prevention of sudden cardiac death in non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy. The Selvester score, which is frequently investigated in ischemic cardiomyopathy, has not been investigated in the field of non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the Selvester score for determining appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator shocks in non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy patients.

Materials and methods

In all, 131 non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy patients were included in the study. A simplified Selvester score was calculated from ECG data. Patients were divided into two groups according to whether they received ICD shock.

Results

Of the patients, 28.2% received appropriate implantable cardiac defibrillator shock. The Selvester score was significantly higher in patients receiving appropriate shock when compared to patients with no implantable cardiac defibrillator shocks (8.8 ± 4.6 vs 7.2 ± 3.3, P = .040). The median QRS duration was significantly longer in patients receiving appropriate shock than in patients with no shocks (130.14 ± 35.08 ms vs 120.12 ± 20.57 ms, P = .045). We determined that the cutoff value for the Selvester score to predict ICD shocks was 6.5 with a sensitivity of 72.0% and a specificity of 83% (AUC = 0.717; %95 GA: 0.627‐0.807, P < .001).

Conclusion

Selvester score was higher in patients receiving appropriate shock than in patients who did not receive any implantable cardiac defibrillator shock. From this study, the Selvester score is associated with the risk of ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation in non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy so that careful attention is necessary to manage the patients with high Selvester score.
The differential implications of employee narcissism for radical versus incremental creativity: A self‐affirmation perspective
Authors: Mao Jih‐Yu , Quan Jing , Li Ye , Xiao Jincen
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we investigate the differential implications of employee narcissism for radical versus incremental creativity. Drawing on self‐affirmation theory, we argue that narcissistic employees are likely to demonstrate more radical than incremental creativity in the workplace because a more extreme form of creativity can more strongly affirm their feelings of uniqueness and superiority. Results from a scenario experiment and a three‐wave, multisource survey reveal that creative self‐efficacy is a key underlying mechanism that facilitates narcissistic employees to exhibit radical and incremental creativity. The indirect relationships are more salient when the supervisor has higher expectations for creativity from employees. Furthermore, the conditional indirect effect is stronger on radical than incremental creativity. Contributions to the literature and management practices are also addressed.
Ultra‐compact tunable fiber laser for coherent anti‐Stokes Raman imaging
Authors: Gottschall Thomas , Meyer‐Zedler Tobias , Schmitt Michael , Huber Robert , Popp Juergen , Tünnermann Andreas , Limpert Jens
Published: June 2021

This work describes the construction of an ultra‐compact narrowband fiber laser source for coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering microscopy of Raman tags, that is, for addressing Raman resonances of deuterated molecules and alkyne tags in the spectral range from 2080 to 2220 cm−1. A narrowband and fast electronically tunable cw seed source based on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) emitting around 1335 nm has been employed to seed four‐wave mixing (FWM) in an endlessly single mode fiber (ESM) pumped by a ps pulse duration Yb‐fiber laser. A conversion efficiency of 50% is demonstrated. This compact fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) has been used to perform coherent anti‐Stokes Raman imaging experiments of crystalline deuterated palmitic acid.
Simple method for the determination of anthelmintic drugs in milk intended for human consumption using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Bustamante‐Rangel Myriam , Delgado‐Zamarreño María Milagros , Rodríguez‐Gonzalo Encarnación
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND

Helminth infections in animals to be consumed by humans are an important medical and public health problem. Pharmaceutical research has focused on developing new anthelmintic drugs for parasite control in these animals. However, the incorrect use of anthelmintics can leave residues in animal products intended for human consumption. Their determination is therefore crucial in terms of food safety.

RESULTS

In this work, a simple and sensitive method has been developed for the analysis of anthelmintic drugs in milk. The method involves extraction of the analytes using a QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method, and separation and determination by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). The use of a core‐shell column significantly reduced the analysis time compared with conventional columns. The method was validated and applied to the analysis of different commercial milk samples: whole, semi‐skimmed and skimmed cows' milk, and goats' milk. None of the benzimidazoles studied was found in the samples analyzed, so these were spiked with the analytes at three concentration levels (10, 50, and 100 μg kg−1).

CONCLUSIONS

The proposed method provided high sensitivity compared with other methods for the determination of anthelmintics in milk samples, at concentration levels well below the established maximum residue limit (MRLs) values. The proposed method is simple, easy, precise, accurate, and leads to good recovery levels. It can be used successfully for the routine analysis. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.