bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithium modulates energy metabolism in the frontal cortex of rats treated with ketamine
Authors: Budni Josiane , Medeiros Eduarda B. , Silveira Gustavo B. , Lidio Adrielly V. , Zabot Gabriel C. , Resende Wilson R. , Dal-Pont Gustavo C. , Maciel Amanda L. , Freitas Karolina V. , Generoso Jaqueline S. , Gonçalves Cinara L. , Streck Emilio L. , Quevedo João , Valvassori Samira S.
Published: October 2024

Bipolar Disorder (BD) is a chronic and highly debilitating psychiatric illness formerly called manic depression. Mood-stabilizing agents such as lithium (Li) are the primary drugs used to treat BD. Assessing the effect of these mood stabilizers is essential to develop a novel animal model of mania. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the ketamine (Ket) effect on tricarboxylic acid enzymes and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes activity in the frontal cortex of rats for consolidation of an animal model of mania induced by Ket. Wistar rats received Ket (25 mg/kg) or saline for 14 days. Between days 8 and 14, the rats were treated with Li (47.5 mg/kg, twice daily) or saline for 14 days. On the 15th day, animals received a single injection of Ket or saline. After 30 minutes of the last injection, the locomotor activity was assessed, and tricarboxylic acid and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes enzyme activities were measured in the frontal cortex. The administration of Ket for 14 days in rats induced hyperlocomotion in the open field test, and Li was able to reverse this effect. Moreover, animals treated with Ket increased the tricarboxylic acid cycle and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes enzyme activities in the frontal cortex. Lit was able to reverse these effects, but could not reduce the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes IV activity. These findings support the idea that the administration of Ket might be a promising pharmacological animal model of mania, but there is a limitation in construct validity for energy metabolism.
A nomogram model for diagnosing bone metastasis in category T1 Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Ting , Gan Tian , Wang Jingting , Long Yun , Zhang Kemeng , Liao Meiyan
Published: October 2024

Rationale and Objectives:
Bone metastasis (BM) significantly affects the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients. Currently, no effective clinical model exists for predicting early BM in category T1 LUAD. This study aims to develop a model for timely BM detection by analyzing relevant influencing factors.
Materials and Methods
This retrospective study analyzed data from 478 patients with category T1 LUAD from August 2017 to August 2023. Of these, 334 patients were assigned to a training cohort and 144 to an internal validation cohort. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified BM risk factors, leading to a nomogram model. Model performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, and decision curve analysis (DCA). An online calculator was also created to assess BM risk.
Results
Multivariate analysis revealed that alkaline phosphatase (ALP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), nodule type, CT-reported N staging, and pleural effusion are independent BM risk factors. The nomogram showed strong accuracy, with AUC values of 0.929 in the training cohort and 0.954 in the validation cohort. Calibration analyses confirmed reliability, with DCA indicating high clinical benefit for both cohorts.
Conclusion
This nomogram effectively identifies high-risk patients for BM in category T1 LUAD, aiding personalized clinical decision-making.
Anticorrosion properties of ionic liquid functionalized graphene oxide epoxy composite coating on the carbon steel for CCUS environment
Authors: Dhongde Nikhil Rahul , Adhikari Sayani , Rajaraman Prasanna Venkatesh
Published: October 2024

The adoption of CO2 capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology is increasingly prevalent, driven by the global initiative to conserve energy and reduce emissions. Nevertheless, CCUS has the potential to induce corrosion in equipment, particularly in high-pressure environments containing CO2. Therefore, anti-corrosion protection is necessary for the metal utilized for CO2 production and storage equipment. Herein, an ionic liquid (Triethylsulfonium bis-trifluoromethylsulfonyl-imide) was used to functionalize graphene oxide (prepared via improved Hummers method). FESEM, TEM, and XPS confirmed ionic liquids (IL) were successfully attached to the GO lattice. Afterwards, 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% IL-GO composites were separately incorporated into the epoxy and coated on the carbon steel substrate with a thickness of 50 ± 2 µm. The surface examinations demonstrated a consistent distribution of the ILGO composite in the epoxy matrix and achieved a uniform surface. Anti-corrosive property of 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% IL-GO/epoxy coatings was evaluated using electrochemical tests such as potentiodynamic polarisation, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) after immersion in the CO2 (1.5 MPa) and 3.5 wt% NaCl system. After 48 h of immersion in a corrosion environment (CO2-NaCl), the protection efficiency of 0.5 wt% and 1 wt% IL-GO/epoxy coatings are 86.41 ± 0.55 and 92.59 ± 0.83%, respectively. The findings of this study demonstrated that the ILGO composite reinforced epoxy coating exhibited exceptional corrosion resistance when exposed to CO2.
Automated HER2 scoring in breast cancer HE-stained images using hybrid deep learning ensemble and probabilistic optimization
Authors: P Pateel G , Senapati Kedarnath , Pandey Abhishek Kumar
Published: October 2024

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a critical gene that serves as a receptor to transmit signals for aggressive cell division in cancer cells. Hence, testing of HER2 is important in treatment to indicate candidates for HER2-targeted therapy. However, in the current gold standard, i.e., the immunohistochemistry (IHC) test, the scoring is based on the pathologist’s analysis, which has an inter- and intra-observer variation chance due to variability in staining assessment. Automating HER2 scoring using hematoxyline eosin (HE) stained images can overcome these limitations, providing more accurate and consistent results, thereby reducing healthcare costs and enhancing patient outcomes. In this work, we have presented an automated framework for classifying HER2 scores of breast cancer using HE-stained images. The developed framework uses three fine-tuned deep learning models, namely GoogLeNet, ResNet-50, and Vision Transformer (ViT). It applies the proposed hybrid weighted individual voting ensemble (WIVE) to combine the confidence scores of all the constituent models. This approach comprises two independent techniques: the Model-Specific Weights Optimization (MSWO), customizing weights for individual models, and the Class-Specific Weights Optimization (CSWO), fine-tunes weights for specific classes using Probabilistic model-building genetic algorithms (PMBGAs). The proposed framework surpasses the existing methods in the literature. The CSWO approach achieves an accuracy of 99.42% and a precision of 99.54%, while the MSWO approach attains an accuracy of 99.07% and a precision of 99.21%. This study outlines an economically feasible and efficient prognostic model with the potential to provide clinically significant inputs. The use of this algorithm might offer a possibility for the replacement of IHC testing, minimizing the variability in HER2 scoring, as well as simplifying the diagnostic process.
Identification of regulatory network and potential drugs in spinal cord injury based on comprehensive bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Yue Xi , Chen Xunling , Zang Yang , Wu Jinliang , Chen Guanhao , Tan Hongyu , Yang Kerong
Published: October 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a significant neurological disorder that results in permanent impairment of motor and sensory functions below the injury site. Oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (ODC/OPC) play a crucial role in neural morphological repair and functional recovery following SCI. We performed single-cell sequencing (scRNA-seq) on 59,558 cells from 39 mouse samples, combined with microarray data from 164 SCI samples and 3 uninjured samples. We further validated our findings using a large clinical cohort consisting of 38 SCI patients, 10 healthy controls, and 10 trauma controls, assessed with the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) scale. We proposed a novel SCI classification model based on the expression of prognostic differentially expressed ODC/OPC differentiation-related genes (PDEODGs). This model includes three types: Low ODC/OPC Score Classification (LOSC), Median ODC/OPC Score Classification (MOSC), and High ODC/OPC Score Classification (HOSC). Considering the relationship between these subtypes and prognosis, we speculated that enhancing ODC/OPC differentiation and inhibiting inflammatory infiltration may improve outcomes. Additionally, we identified potential treatments for SCI that target key genes within these subtypes, offering promising implications for therapy.
Unexpected species diversity in the understanding of selenium- containing soil invertebrates
Authors: Mao Bin , Fang XiangLiang , Lei HongLing , Xiao YunLi , Fu Yue
Published: October 2024

Yutangba, situated in Enshi City, Hubei Province, is globally noted its high selenium (Se) content. Soil invertebrates are essential to the functionality and services of terrestrial ecosystems, yet their community composition in this region remains under-explored. This study utilized environmental DNA metabarcoding to investigate the interrelations among environmental factors, soil invertebrate diversity, and community characteristics concerning soil Se content, pH, and moisture content in the region. Environmental factors such as Se concentration, water content, and pH were strongly associated with the alpha and beta diversity of soil invertebrates in Se-rich areas, affecting their distribution and abundance. Among these, Se notably emerges as the primary regulatory factor influencing soil invertebrate diversity. The acidic soil pH, along with moisture, plays a fine-tuning role in regulating species diversity by directly or indirectly influencing the availability and bioavailability of Se, impacting the species richness and community composition. Unexpectedly, certain species, such as the Formicidae (ants, e.g., Odontomachus troglodytes), the Noctuidae (e.g., Diarsia rosaria), and the annelid Haplotaxida Perionyx excavates, exhibit a strong positive association with Se, indicating a high level of Se tolerance among the native species. This novel perspective reveals the complex role of Se in soil ecosystems, emphasizing the necessity of understanding its ecological functions and potential implications for ecosystem health and stability.
Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: Phase assemblage alterations and carbonation potential of mortar with blended cements induced by long duration carbonation exposure
Authors: Etcheverry Juan Manuel , Alderete Natalia , Sakoparnig Marlene , Vanoutrive Hanne , Grengg Cyrill , Gruyaert Elke , De Belie Nele
Published: October 2024

Replacement of Portland cement is a practical strategy to reduce concrete manufacturing CO2 emissions. However, this approach typically results in a diminished portlandite content in the hardened mix, elevating the risk of carbonation-induced corrosion in steel-reinforced concrete. Carbonation is frequently studied by exposing the samples to elevated CO2 levels ( 1% and 20%). However, the carbonation process and its by-products might differ markedly under natural conditions. In the context of RILEM TC 281-CCC ‘Carbonation of Concrete with SCMs’, a comprehensive three-year natural carbonation study on mortar samples was carried out across three laboratories. Samples were made with commercially available cement (CEM I, CEM II/B-V, CEM III/B). This study examined two natural carbonation scenarios: one in a regulated climate chamber and the other outdoors, protected from direct rainfall. The progression of carbonation was determined using a phenolphthalein indicator and compared to optical pH measurements. The phase composition was analysed by X-ray diffraction, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Additionally, the CO2 capture in three-year-old naturally carbonated samples was assessed and contrasted against the reactive CaO content. The thermogravimetric analysis data revealed a non-linear relationship between the portlandite content in the uncarbonated zone and the carbonation rate. A reduced clinker content leads to lower pH values in carbonated and uncarbonated zones. Notably, samples containing CEM II displayed the largest formation of CaCO3 which, divided by the theoretical maximum amount of CaCO3 from reactive CaO, signifies the highest degree of carbonation among the cement types studied.
Psychometric Properties of the Arabic Translation of the Psy-Flex Scale in Adolescents
Authors: Topalian Michael , Mir Rita El , Malaeb Diana , Sakr Fouad , Dabbous Mariam , Hallit Souheil , Fekih-Romdhane Feten , Obeid Sahar
Published: October 2024

Background
Psychologic flexibility, integral to mental wellbeing, has gained popularity for its role in fostering adaptive coping mechanisms. However, research on this subject in the Middle Eastern population, particularly among adolescents, is limited. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of an Arabic translation of the Psy-Flex Scale in a sample of Lebanese adolescents.
Methods
Using a cross-sectional design, 793 adolescents form all districts/governorates participated in the study conducted in November 2023 using a snowball sampling technique. The Psy-Flex Scale and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale were used in this study.
Results
Confirmatory Factor Analysis results indicated that the fit of the one-factor model of the Psy-Flex Scale was modest: RMSEA = .109 (90% CI .090, .130), SRMR = .039, CFI = .948, TLI = .914. The modification index between items 3 and 6 was high; after adding a correlation between those residuals, the fit indices improved: RMSEA = .089 (90% CI .069, .112), SRMR = .033, CFI = .969, TLI = .942. The composite reliability of scores was adequate in the total sample (ω = .84 / α = .84). We were able to show the invariance across sex at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. No significant difference was seen between males and females in terms of psychological flexibility scores (17.91 ± 4.90 vs 17.40 ± 4.34; t(791) = 1.50; p = .134). Concurrent validity was shown since higher psychological flexibility was significantly associated with lower depression (r = − .08; p = .024) and lower anxiety (r = − .10; p = .004), but not stress (r = .06; p = .090).
Conclusion
The validation of the Arabic Psy-Flex Scale represents a significant contribution to Arab mental health research, providing a culturally sensitive tool to assess psychological flexibility in adolescents and explore its associations with psychological distress.
Left ventricular myocardial constructive work predicts reduction of ejection fraction in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: Chilingaryan Aram , Tunyan Lusine , Arzumanyan Milena , Ustyan Tsiala , Ghrmajyan Harutyun , Asatryan Armenuhi , Iskandaryan Nadezhda , Chobanyan Bella , Barkhudaryan Anush , Balyan Hovik
Published: October 2024

We aimed to found predictors of EF deterioration in HFpEF patients toprevent their further deterioration.
Methods. We studied 215 patients(63% women) 73±8 years with HFpEF and with records of Charlson index(CI), glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Myocardial work (MW), globallongitudinal (LS), radial (RS), circumferential (SS) and area strain(AS).GW index , global constructive work (GCW), wasted work, GWefficiency were obtained by echocardiography. Patients followed up for 3years.
Results. 5 patients developed myocardial infarction and wereexcluded from the study.Baseline EF was higher in women (61,2 ± 3,1 vs56,4 ± 2,7; P<0.002), in patients >70 years (62,4 ± 2,1 vs 57,1 ± 2,3;p<0.005), and with end-diastolic volume index <60 ml/m2 (56,1 ± 3,2vs 63,4 ± 2,3; p<0.001). EF decline compared to baseline was -7.3 ±1.6%, p<0.01. EF decline was significantly more in patients >70 years, inpatients with coronary artery disease and did not relate to sex, LV size,CI, and GFR. During follow up 58(27%) patients had EF<50%.,worsening in AS (-27.9±8.5% vs -24.7±5.3%, p<0.003), LS (-19.7±2.4% vs -17.1±1.6%, p<0.005), and GCW (2378±117 vs2102±10, p<0.002). Patients with EF <50% at the end of the study hadless AS and GCWbaseline values compared with patients with EF>50% (22.4±7.2% vs -27.6±8.1%,p<0.002; 2081±92 vs 2489±127, p<0.001). GCW was thepredictor of EF deterioration(area under curve 0,8853).
Conclusion. GCW predicts EF decline in HFpEF patients which may help earlieridentify this subset of patients and prevent their furtherdeterioration.
Male aggressiveness does not explain the frequency of reversed sexual cannibalism
Authors: Beydizada Narmin , Pekár Stano
Published: October 2024

In a few species, males often face a choice between mating and/or cannibalizing females. Various factors influence this decision, making it essential to decipher the role of male behavioural variation. In particular, aggressiveness has been proposed to face sexual selection and increase the incidence of cannibalism in such systems. In this study, we investigated the role of male aggressiveness in the likelihood of reversed sexual cannibalism occurring in the female-cannibalistic ground spider Micaria sociabilis. We conducted behavioural experiments to measure male aggressiveness level, and to assess male mating behaviour, along with potential seasonal (spring and summer) and morphological traits (body size, female size). We found that male aggressiveness was a repeatable trait. However, it was not significantly linked to the likelihood of reversed cannibalism or to the likelihood of copulation. Similarly, aggressiveness did not affect the size of a mating plug. Seasonal variation significantly affected reversed cannibalism, with males more likely to engage in cannibalism during summer, while copulation frequency remained consistent between seasons. Additionally, while aggressiveness was not related to male attacks on females, seasonality had a notable impact, with males attacking females more frequently in summer, while females attacked males more in spring. These findings highlight the complexity of mating dynamics in M. sociabilis, pointing to a multifaceted interaction between intrinsic personality traits and extrinsic factors, such as ecological pressures and female condition. Significant statement In some species, males must navigate a trade-off between mating and cannibalizing their female partners. Our study presents surprising results on the complexities behind that choice in Micaria sociabilis spider. While male aggressiveness is often thought to increase the likelihood of cannibalism or mating success, our findings reveal it plays a less decisive role. Instead, seasonal shifts were stronger influences, with males behaving in a choosy way and being more prone to cannibalize in summer, while in spring females were choosier, likely due to high sexual receptivity, a consequence of what was zero reversed cannibalism. These insights challenge traditional views of male aggressiveness and highlight how external factors and mate quality, rather than personality traits, shape mating and cannibalism dynamics. This research offers a fresh perspective on how behavior and ecology intertwine in cannibalistic species.
Target-specific design of drug-like PPI inhibitors via hot-spot-guided generative deep learning
Authors: Sun Heqi , Li Jiayi , Zhang Yufang , Lin Shenggeng , Chen Junwei , Tan Hong , Wang Ruixuan , Mao Xueying , Zhao Jianwei , Li Rongpei , Xiong Yi , Wei Dong-qing
Published: October 2024

Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) are vital therapeutic targets. However, the large and flat PPI interfaces pose challenges for the development of small-molecule inhibitors. Traditional computer-aided drug design approaches typically rely on pre-existing libraries or expert knowledge, limiting the exploration of novel chemical spaces needed for effective PPI inhibition. To overcome these limitations, we introduce Hot2Mol, a deep learning framework for the de novo design of drug-like, target-specific PPI inhibitors. Hot2Mol generates small molecules by mimicking the pharmacophoric features of hot-spot residues, enabling precise targeting of PPI interfaces without the need for bioactive ligands. The framework integrates three key components: a conditional transformer for pharmacophore-guided, drug-likeness-constrained molecular generation; an E(n)-equivariant graph neural network for accurate alignment with PPI hot-spot pharmacophores; and a variational autoencoder for generating novel and diverse molecular structures. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that Hot2Mol outperforms baseline models across multiple metrics, including docking affinities, drug-likenesses, synthetic accessibility, validity, uniqueness, and novelty. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations confirm the good binding stability of the generated molecules. Case studies underscore Hot2Mol's ability to design high-affinity and selective PPI inhibitors, demonstrating its potential to accelerate rational PPI drug discovery.
Management of a malignant solitary fibrous tumor of lung by uniportal video-assisted pneumonectomy : a case report
Authors: Li Ranhua , Yang Yanlong , Bao Yanan , Zhou Yong , Cui Yue , Xiong Guosheng , Zhang Jing , Zhao Yunping , Chen Xiaobo , Yin Xiaochuan
Published: October 2024

Background: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare condition, first described by Klemperer and Robin in 1931. Malignant SFTs accounts for approximately 80% of all SFTs cases, and the 5-year survival of malignant SFTs is 81%. Few reports have described managing SFTs using uniportal video-assisted pneumonectomy.
Case presentation: A 35-year-old man with tumor in the left pulmonary was assessed by preoperative 3D-computed tomography (3D-CT) reconstruction and treated by uniportal video-assisted pneumonectomy. A pathological diagnosis of SFT was confrmed.
Conclusions: The 3D-CT reconstruction could help to provide an appropriate operative programme for surgeons. It is necessary to control the main pulmonary arterial trunk to avoid hemorrhage when preoperative evaluation does not exclude the possibility of intraoperative hemorrhage. The choice of surgery area is affected by size and location of SFT.
Percutaneous microwave ablation of cT1b renal cell carcinoma: Safety and oncologic efficacy in a large, single-center elderly and comorbid cohort
Authors: Wells Shane , Shapiro Daniel , Borza Tudor , Allen Glenn , James Hinshaw , Timothy Ziemlewicz , Brace Christopher , Alice Semerjian , Abel Jason
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To evaluate safety and oncologic efficacy of percutaneous microwave ablation (MWA) for treating clinically localized T1b (cT1b) renal cell carcinoma (RCC).
Methods: This single-center retrospective study was performed under a waiver of informed consent. Seventy-four consecutive patients (49M/25F) with 76 cT1b RCC (median tumor diameter 4.5 cm) were treated with percutaneous MWA between 5/2012 and 8/2020. Patients were stratified into two groups by technique, depending on whether antennas were repositioned for additional ablation or not. Primary efficacy, complications, and local tumor progression (LTP) were compared using the Wilcoxon rank sum and Fisher’s exact tests. The Kaplan Meier method was used for survival analysis. Results: Patients were elderly (median age 69.5), obese (median BMI 34.5) and comorbid (Charlson Comorbidity Index = 4). Most tumors were low-grade (grade 1-2) (67/89, 88%) and clear cell RCC was the most common histology (62/76, 82%). A median of three MWA antennas were powered at 65W for 7 min for treatment. Renal masses were larger (4.6 vs 4.5 cm, p=0.01) and procedure times longer (100 min vs 80.5 min, p=0.04) for the antenna reposition cohort (n=34, 45%). Primary efficacy and high-grade complication rates were 93% and 8%, respectively. The local tumor progression rate (LTP), at a median follow-up was 28.2 months, was 16%. Primary efficacy, low and high-grade complications, change in estimated glomerular filtration rate and LTP were similar between cohorts (p=0.20-0.55).
Conclusion: Percutaneous MWA for cT1b RCC is safe in elderly and comorbid patients with acceptable oncologic efficacy. Repeat ablation is well-tolerated and can improve oncologic efficacy.
Genetic predictors of chronic kidney disease in children
Authors: Iskenderova Bayan
Published: October 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in children is an important medical and social issue due to its potential for serious consequences, such as hypertension and kidney failure, as well as its impact on the quality of life of young patients. It is essential to comprehend the genetic foundation of CKD in order to create efficient diagnostic and treatment plans. In a cohort of children with CKD, this study sought to determine the impact of genetic variants in the ACE, AGTR1, and NOS3 genes on clinical markers of CKD, such as blood pressure, renal abnormalities, and proteinuria levels. In this study, which comprised 109 youngsters split into main and control groups, polymorphic loci in the renin-angiotensin system were thoroughly analyzed genetically. The results showed a substantial correlation between the ACE (DD) genotype and higher levels of proteinuria, indicating a more severe course of the disease and a higher risk of complications. This demonstrates how the ACE genotype may be used as a biomarker for pediatric CKD risk assessment and early diagnosis.
As opposed to the AA genotype, the AGTR1 (AC) genotype did not significantly correlate with the incidence of kidney abnormalities found by ultrasound. Similarly, compared to the bb genotype, the NOS3 (ab) genotype did not significantly raise blood pressure levels. These findings imply that whereas AGTR1 and NOS3 polymorphisms may have a less significant effect or be modified by other genetic or environmental variables, ACE polymorphisms are essential for the clinical presentation of CKD.
The work highlights the need for more research to examine other genetic markers and their interactions, as well as the intricacy of genetic relationships in the development of chronic kidney disease. A better comprehension of these genetic factors may result in the creation of more individualized and efficient treatment and diagnostic strategies. Because customized interventions based on individual genetic profiles are made possible by the integration of genetic testing into clinical practice, disease prognosis and management may be enhanced.
To sum up, this study emphasizes how crucial genetic analysis is to comprehending childhood CKD. Even while the ACE (DD) genotype is a notable predictor of disease severity, more research is needed to clarify the contributions of other genetic variables. These results lend credence to the idea of incorporating genetic testing into standard clinical practice in order to improve young patients' early diagnosis, risk evaluation, and tailored treatment of chronic kidney disease.
Sunflower stem pith cellulose with different allomorphic nanocrystals for oil-in-water emulsions
Authors: Feng Tianqi , Yan Chen , Sun Zhiyun , Sun Shijing , Huang Caoxing , Zhou Xin
Published: October 2024

Nanocellulose (CNF) as a stabilizer for Pickering emulsions has been widely interested in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. However, cellulose crystal types have been less studied on the emulsification properties of Pickering emulsions. In this study, three different crystalline nanocelluloses (CNF I, CNF II and CNF III) were investigated as stabilizers for Pickering emulsions. CNF I was prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation. CNF II and CNF III were obtained by immersing CNF I in sodium hydroxide and ethylenediamine, respectively. CNF I was a fibrous structure (L/D=95.29), while CNF II and CNF III appeared as ellipsoidal nanoparticles with a “Needle-like” structure. The aspect ratios-averaged were 21.86 and 44.05, respectively. Three types of CNF had lower zeta potentials (<-30.0 mV). However, Pickering emulsions stabilized by CNF II had smaller droplet sizes (D3, 2), approximately one times smaller droplet sizes of CNF I and CNF III. However, compared with CNF I and CNF III, Pickering emulsions prepared with CNF II had poor stability. It was shown that the crystal morphology of CNF was particularly important for the stability of Pickering emulsions compared to the morphologies of CNF themselves in this work. It is obvious that CNF I and CNF III tended to have better emulsification properties.
Lactate-to-albumin ratio index correlates with the occurrence and prognosis of acute kidney injury complicated by cardiac surgery
Authors: Wang Congying , Sun Xin , Chen Kun , Wang Lili , Chen Shuxia , Li Dehua , Gu Jian
Published: October 2024

Background
The lactate-to-albumin ratio (LAR), an emerging biomarker, has been recognized as an indicator of poor prognosis in various critical illnesses. However, the relationship between LAR and the incidence and prognosis of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) remains uncertain. This study aims to elucidate this relationship through a comprehensive analysis of a large cohort from the MIMIC database.
Methods
This study utilized a retrospective cohort design to analyze adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following cardiac surgery. Statistical methods such as logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analysis were employed to assess the predictive value of LAR for the occurrence of AKI and adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery.
Results
A total of 11,624 cardiac surgery patients were included, among which 5,965 developed acute kidney injury. The LAR index was significantly higher in the cardiac surgery population that developed AKI compared to those who did not. Logistic regression analysis indicated that LAR was significantly associated with in-hospital and ICU mortality, even after adjusting for potential confounders across multiple models. RCS analysis revealed a non-linear relationship between elevated LAR and increased risks of in-hospital and ICU mortality in patients with AKI following cardiac surgery. Correlation analyses demonstrated a significant association between LAR and length of stay in the hospital (LOS-H), length of stay in the ICU (LOS-ICU), and SOFA scores. ROC curve analysis indicated that the LAR index had good predictive value for mortality in the AKI population following cardiac surgery. Subgroup analyses consistently showed that elevated LAR was associated with increased risks of in-hospital and ICU mortality in older adults, females, and populations regardless of hypertension, chronic kidney disease, diabetes, or chronic heart failure.
Conclusions
Elevated LAR is associated with the incidence of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury and the higher mortality risk in this population. Our findings highlight the previously unrecognized role of LAR in predicting mortality in patients with AKI following cardiac surgery, warranting further validation.
Immunohistochemical assessment of the OVOL1 in pleomorphic adenoma and its malignant counterpart Key word OVOL1 Pleomorphic adenoma Carcinoma x pleomorphic adenoma
Authors: Mohamed Aasha , EL-Sissy Nadia Abbas , Mohamed Marwa , Mohamed Ghada , Kashty Osama Abdelrahim El
Published: October 2024

Background
Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is one of the few benign salivary gland tumors (SGT) that can undergo malignant change. Accordingly, a detailed study of the OVOL1 in PA and carcinoma x pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) would be expected to contribute to the basic explanation of the mechanisms underlying the development of benign and malignant PA diagnosis for better evaluation of tumor biologic behavior.
Method
This retrospective study included 40 eligible cases (20 cases of PA and 20 cases of CXPA). The medical electronic records of patients were collected. Data regarding age, gender, tumor size, lymph node status, and TNM staging. Re-examination and revision of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides were performed by expert pathologists. The OVOL1 immunostaining was used to differentiate between PA and CXPA.
Results
The OVOL1 level was higher significantly in PA lesions compared to CXPA.
Conclusion
OVOL1 down-expression may be contributing to the progression of PA to CXPA, which may provide a marker for malignant potentiality in PA and CXPA.
Association between neutrophil to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and liver fibrosis: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhu Na , Li Yanyan , Lin Yingying , Cui XinYu , Li Xin
Published: October 2024

Background
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely associated with chronic inflammation and lipid metabolism disorders. The neutrophil-to-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (NHR) is an integrative marker reflecting inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism disorders. It has been associated with the prognosis of several diseases. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between NHR and the risk of NAFLD and liver fibrosis.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).weighted multivariate regression was used to investigate the association of NHR with NAFLD and liver fibrosis. and restricted cubic spline model was used to explore potential non-linear relationships. Subgroup analyses were used to verify the stability of the relationship of NHR with NAFLD and liver fibrosis in different populations.
Results
A total of 6526 participants were included in the study. After adjusting for confounders, the elevated NHR levels were positively associated with the risk of NAFLD. for every unit increase in NHR, there was a 2.5 dB/m increase in the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) (β = 2.5; P = 0.019) and an 11% increase in NAFLD prevalence (OR = 1.11; P < 0.05). Participants in the highest quartile of NHR had a twofold increased risk of developing NAFLD compared with those in the lowest quartile (OR = 2.00; P < 0.001). However, after adjusting for confounders, the association between NHR and liver fibrosis was not statistically significant. RCS analyses showed that the risk of NAFLD increased with increasing NHR water at NHR values below 3.013. The risk of developing liver fibrosis was significantly increased at NHR above 3.013. Subgroup analyses showed that the positive association between NHR and NAFLD was more pronounced in women and participants without diabetes or hypertension.
Conclusion
Elevated NHR levels are positively correlated with the risk of NAFLD, particularly in women and individuals without diabetes or hypertension. and the risk of developing liver fibrosis significantly increases at NHR values above 3.013. which can help in the early detection of NAFLD and liver fibrosis and timely intervention.
Sex hormone-binding globulin and sex-specific association between irritable bowel syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Wang Mengying , Tan Yinxi , Guo Huangda , Peng Hexiang , Wang Siyue , Zheng Yi , Hou Tianjiao , Gao Chenghua , Xian Wenyan , Huang Jie , Wu Tao
Published: October 2024

Objective
To investigate the sex-specific association between irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), and further explore whether sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG) was the potential cause of the sex-specific association.
Methods
The study was a prospective analysis based on the UK biobank (UKB) data. We included 359 503 participants, all of whom were without T2D diagnosis and had complete SHBG information at baseline. Hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using non-IBS group as the reference, further stratified by sex and SHBG levels in multi-adjusted models.
Results
During a median follow-up of 10.4 years, 14 317 incident T2D cases had been documented. A statistically significant increased risk of T2D with IBS compared to those without IBS was observed in all multi-adjusted models (HR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.23–1.42, P < 0.001). Additionally, a sex-specific association between IBS and T2D was found (Pinteraction=0.008), with the risk in women (HR = 1.43, 95% CI = 1.31–1.57) being higher than in men (HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01–1.29). A significant effect modification of SHBG was also observed in the association between IBS and T2D (Pinteraction=0.001). The risk of incident T2D was higher in participants with higher SHBG levels (HR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.25–1.63) than in those with lower SHBG levels (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.16–1.37). Furthermore, we observed that the elevated risk of T2D associated with IBS may be strengthened by the genetic susceptibility to T2D.
Conclusions
A sex-specific association between IBS and T2D was found, and SHBG level might be the cause of the sex-specific association.
Factors predicting antiretroviral medication adherence among people living with HIV in Asunafo South District, Ghana. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Kogi Robert , Green-Harris Margor A . , Asampong Emmanuel
Published: October 2024

Background
Comorbidities among HIV positive individuals may have an impact on adherence to antiretroviral medication. Antiretroviral therapy's effectiveness is impacted by poor adherence, which also hastens the spread of the virus and increases medication resistance. This study was set to determine the level of adherence to antiretroviral treatment and identify the factors which predict ART medication adherence among people living with HIV who are on ART in Asunafo South District, Ghana.
Methods
Retrospective records review and analytical cross-sectional study designs were used. Systematic random sampling was used to collect the data. The data collection was conducted between 5th July 2023 and 28th July 2023. The literature for this study was reviewed and completed from 20th January 2023 and 28th April 2023. Descriptive statistics were performed. Bivariate analysis was done, where variables with p-values < 0.1 were employed in multivariate logistic regression analysis. Independent factors having p-values < 0.05 in multivariate logistic regression analysis were considered significantly associated with adherence. Correlation and regression analyses were performed on how ART adherence was related with viral load and CD4 cell counts. Lastly, direct and indirect relationships was done using structural equation modeling. The analysis was performed using Stata version 17.0.
Results
The study revealed a suboptimal ART adherence of 23.1%. Comorbidities such as hypertension, hepatitis B and C, psychiatric disorders, substance abuse, and pneumonia were found. The presence of hepatitis B and C, and ART site were significantly associated with ART adherence [(χ² = 5.21 (1); p = 0.022; site (χ² = 39.70 (1); p < 0.001) respectively)]. Younger patients (18–29 years and 30–39 years old) and increase in educational level of respondents were significantly more likely to influence adherence to treatment compared to older, less educated respondents. Males with higher education (senior high school and tertiary) were more likely to predict adherence to antiretroviral therapy. Respondents with two or more comorbidities were more likely to achieve optimal adherence, and a positive correlation was found between ART adherence and CD4 cell counts.
Conclusions
The study revealed that ART site, age, education, and gender, contributed significantly to influencing ART adherence in the Asunafo South District.
Tumor-derived exosomal miR-205 promotes ovarian cancer cell progression through M2 macrophage polarization via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway
Authors: He Liuqing , Chen Quan , Wu Xiaoying
Published: October 2024

Background
Tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) are the most abundant immune cells in the tumour environment and are considered to be similar to M2 macrophages, which facilitate cancer progression. Exosomes, as important mediators of the cross-talk between tumor cells and tumour-associated macrophages, can facilitate the development and metastasis of ovarian cancer by mediates M2 macrophage polarization. However, the exact mechanisms underlying the communication between ovarian cancer (OC) cells and tumour-associated macrophages during ovarian cancer (OC) progression remain unclear.
Results
Herein, we demonstrated that high expression of miR-205 was associated with M2 macrophage infiltration which affected the prognosis of OC patients. Importantly, tumor-derived miR-205 could be transported from OC cells to macrophages via exosomes and promote cancer cell invasion and metastasis via inducing M2-like macrophages polarisation. Animal experiments further confirmed that exosomal-miR-205-induced M2 macrophages accelerate OC progression in vivo. Mechanistically, miR-205 downregulates PTEN, activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, which is critical for M2 polarization.
Conclusions
These results reveal that exosomal miR-205 plays a pivotal role in macrophage polarization within the OC microenvironment, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target for OC treatment. This study not only enhances our understanding of the interactions between tumor and immune cells but also opens new avenues for targeted therapies against exosomal miR-205 in ovarian cancer.
Predictive significance of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and eosinophil levels in advanced renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab and ipilimumab – a Polish multicenter, observational study
Authors: Pacholczak-Madej Renata , Drobniak Artur , Grela-Wojewoda Aleksandra , Calik Jacek , Versuti-Vielgas Natalia , Tusień-Małecka Daria , Dobrzańska Jolanta , Roman Agnieszka , Bidas Anna , Szwiec Marek , Gawlik-Urban Angelika , Walocha Jerzy , Blecharz Paweł , Stokłosa Łukasz , Puskulluoglu Mirosława
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Immune checkpoint inhibitors have improved the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC), with the combination of nivolumab (NIVO) and ipilimumab (IPI) showing promising results. However, not all patients benefit from these therapies, emphasizing the need for reliable, easily assessable biomarkers.
Methods
This multicenter study involved 116 advanced RCC patients treated with NIVO+IPI across nine oncology centers in Poland. Blood markers such as neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), eosinophils and monocytes were assessed at baseline, after three months, and before disease progression (PD). The predictive significance of these parameters was analyzed using linear regression, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox regression models.
Results
After a median follow-up of 11.8 months, the progression-free survival (PFS) was 12.8 months (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.7-28.1), while the overall survival (OS) was 27.3 months (95% CI:16-not reached). Patients with an NLR increase of ≥25% had a PFS of 8.2 (3.1-24.7) months compared to 17.5 (8.6-28.1) months in those with a rise in <25% (p=0.015). Similarly, a ≥25% increase in PLR was linked to a PFS of 6.8 (2.8-8.3) months compared to 17.4 (8.4-28.1) months (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis confirmed PLR as an independent predictor of PFS (HR 2.9, 95% CI:1.5-5.6, p=0.001), while elevated eosinophil levels were associated with a reduced risk of death (HR 0.2, 95% CI: 0.04-0.9, p=0.05).
Conclusions
NLR, PLR, and eosinophil levels may serve as valuable biomarkers for predicting treatment response in RCC patients receiving NIVO+IPI.
Enzymatic glycerolysis of lignin with Novozym 435: Optimizing biocatalyst reuse for greater efficiency
Authors: Araujo Thayli Ramires , Andrade Karina Luzia , Bresolin Daniela , de Oliveira Débora , Sayer Claudia , Hermes Pedro Henriques , de Oliveira José Vladimir
Published: October 2024

Lignocellulosic biomass has great potential as a renewable source of valuable chemicals due to its complex chemical composition. Novozym 435 (N435), an immobilized lipase, serves as a biocatalyst in reactions such as transesterification. Such reaction increases the compatibility of lignin in various industrial applications by selectively and efficiently converting this substrate into high-value raw materials. In addition, the efficient reuse of this biocatalyst promotes a more sustainable process in ecological and economic terms, contributing significantly to reducing operating costs and environmental impacts. In this context, this study investigates the potential use of N435, as a biocatalyst in the glycerolysis reaction of lignin to produce lignopolyols. The study focuses on the impact of lignin concentrations on the performance of N435, revealing a significant loss of enzymatic activity at higher lignin contents of 5wt%. The analysis includes enzyme activity assays, optical microscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), indicating a detrimental interaction between lignin and N435 over several cycles for concentrations higher than 5wt%. However, lignopolyols produced with 5 wt% lignin showed promising results in the cycles using N435, with a drop-in enzymatic activity, which was expected when the biocatalyst is subjected to adverse conditions but could be used in more batch reactions. The findings emphasize the importance of carefully considering the influence of lignin concentration on enzymatic activity in transesterification reactions, providing valuable information for the sustainable use of lignin in biotechnological processes. The pioneering study explores the reuse of N435 in transesterification reactions involving lignin, suggesting avenues for further research into its application in producing lignopolymers. Therefore, the enzymatic glycerolysis of lignin using N435 is an innovative and essential approach to maximize sustainability in the biochemical industry.