bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Status of Social Support in Type 2 Diabetes Patients in Southeast Iran
Authors: Vali Leila , Izadi Azar , Jahani Yunes , Poursheikhali Atousa , Masoud Ali , Bamir Mousa
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Social support plays a crucial role in modifying health-related behaviors aimed at controlling chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes. This research investigates the social support status of patients with type 2 diabetes in Kerman, Iran.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study utilized a descriptive-analytical approach and investigated 184 patients referred to the diabetes clinic. The participants were selected through systematic sampling, and data were collected using a questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, including frequency, mean, and standard deviation, were calculated. Multivariate linear regression was employed to analyze the data, which were entered into the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16 statistical software.

Results:

The findings indicate that social support was most prominent in the area of nutrition, whereas it was least prominent in the area of exercise. Gender was found to have a statistically significant relationship with both nutritional status and drug consumption dimensions, as women demonstrated lower average scores in these areas compared to men. Moreover, gender and education were observed to impact the dimension of general care. However, none of the demographic characteristics analyzed showed a statistically significant relationship with exercise and physical activity.

Conclusion:

It is crucial to give ample attention to supporting and empowering patients’ families and social groups. Furthermore, adding psychological dimensions to social support could be beneficial. These findings underscore the importance of tailored interventions that target specific areas of support, such as exercise and general care, and take into account the differences between men and women.
Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Taping on Balance, Proprioception, Pain, and Nerve Conduction Parameters in Patients with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: A Two-Group Pretest–Posttest Randomized Sham-Controlled Trial: A Pilot Study
Authors: Thakur Kanika , Goyal Manu
Published: October 2024

Aim:

Neuromuscular Taping (NMT) is the application of elastic adhesive tape to the skin without any tension in it. NMT creates wrinkles on the surface of the skin to help stretch the skin passively and this elongation force assists in muscle contraction and relaxation. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of NMT in the improvement of sensorimotor complications following diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN).

Setting and Design:

A randomized controlled trial performed at a tertiary health care center.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 20 participants were recruited and were divided into two groups: The experimental group (EG; N = 10) and the control group (CG; N = 10). Eight weeks of physiotherapy intervention including NMT on bilateral tibialis anterior, tibialis posterior, peroneus longus muscles, transverse arch of the foot, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on the course of bilateral tibial and peroneal nerves for EG. CG received sham taping and TENS as an EG group. The patients were assessed for pre- and post-intervention using the outcomes: Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Signs and Symptoms and nerve conduction velocity of tibial, peroneal, and sural nerves and H-reflex, Berg Balance Scale, and Pedalo-Sensamove Mini Board.

Results:

The results revealed that both the groups showed significant improvements in all variables except for the H-reflex of the right and left sides at P > 0.05. EG showed more clinical and symptomatic improvement compared with CG. In EG, most of the variables showed moderate to large effect sizes ranging from 0.66 to 0.97 except for bilateral H-reflex; ranging from 0.15 to 0.33.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that NMT can be a trustworthy approach to treating DPN.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish Version of the Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire
Authors: Barutcu CD , Eskin SG , Bulut S
Published: October 2024

Background:

Translation and adaptation of English-language tools for use in communities speaking other languages is a facilitating factor for conducting nursing and health-related research.

Aim:

To test the validity and reliability of the Nursing Clinical Facilitators Questionnaire (NCFQ) for Turkish society.

Methods:

The study was carried out on 316 students between September 2022 and April 2023. The results were tested with validity and reliability analyzers such as factor analysis, Cronbach’s alpha, and item-total score analysis.

Results:

The scale comprised 22 items including three subdimensions. In both exploratory and confirmatory factor tests, the overall factor loading was greater than 0.30. In the confirmatory factor analysis, all the goodness of fit indexes were greater than 0.87, and the root mean square error of approximation was less than 0.07. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.92, with Cronbach’s alpha values ranging between 0.55 and 0.88 for the subscales.

Conclusion:

NCFQ was found to be a valid and reliable scale for the Turkish population.
Comparative study of visual and refractive outcomes of laser assisted in situ Keratomileusis versus small incision lenticule extraction versus implantable collamer lens for moderate to high myopia correction
Authors: Khalifa Mai M.M. , Hussein Tarek R. , Elbedewy Hazem A. , Abdelhalem Tamer I.
Published: October 2024

Background

Myopia represents a condition of refraction, in which parallel light rays converge in front of the resting eye retina.

Aim

To compare the laser assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) visual and refractive outcomes versus small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus implantable collamer lens (ICL) while correcting cases having moderate to high myopia.

Patients and methods

Our research involved 60 eyes having moderate to severe myopia ranging from –3 to –10 dioptres. They divided into three equal groups, group A: through LASIK, group B: through SMILE, and group C: received an ICL. Preoperative uncorrected visual acuity, Corrected distance visual acuity, and Manifest and cycloplgic refraction assessments were accomplished.

Results

Postoperative uncorrected visual acuity exhibited no significant variation among groups A and B, yet a significant variation was documented among groups A and C as well as among groups B and C P less than 0.001. The postoperative spherical error showed no significant variation among groups A and B nor among groups B and C yet exhibited significant variation among groups A and C P=0.002. Postoperative astigmatism was no significant variation among groups A as well as B, yet a significant variation was documented among groups A and C in addition to between groups B and C. Postoperative spherical equivalent was a significant variation among groups A and C P less than 0.001 and among groups B and C P less than 0.001.

Conclusion

Visual outcomes were comparable between LASIK, SMILE, and ICL. The three procedures exhibited superior effectiveness, safety, stability, and accuracy in the treatment of moderate and high myopia.
Corneal topographic changes in thyroid eye disease
Authors: Mohammed Abdelsalam N.A. , Shalaby Osama E.-S. , Awara Amr M. , El-Marakby Omnia O.
Published: October 2024

Background

Thyroid eye disease (TED) causes lid retraction, extraocular muscle enlargement, and tear film changes, which can affect corneal topography.

Aim

To assess the corneal topographic changes associated with TED and relate these changes to disease activity and severity.

Patients and methods

This prospective cross-sectional case-control study was carried out on 50 eyes of 25 patients aged less than or equal to 50 years old, both sexes, diagnosed with TED and present or past serological evidence for thyroid disease (TED group). Patients were divided into two groups: the TED group: 30 eyes of 15 patients with TED and the control group: 20 eyes of 10 patients with age-matched and sex-matched without TED.

Results

In the TED group, axial proptosis was negatively correlated with minimal corneal thickness. Both upper and lower lid infrared meibography showed a positive correlation with axial proptosis. Active patients had considerably greater Baiocchi-Calossi-Versaci front and upper lid meibomian glands loss than inactive cases. In moderate to severe instances, upper and lower lid meibomian gland loss was much greater than in mild cases. Baiocchi-Calossi-Versaci front, Baiocchi-Calossi-Versaci back, Baiocchi-Calossi-Versaci total, and meibomian glands loss were considerably greater in TED than the control group. The TED group had significantly lower flat, steep, and average keratometry than the control group.

Conclusion

Corneal anterior surface flattening is the most characteristic topographic change in TED not related to disease activity or severity. TED increases meibomian gland loss, which is a major factor of ocular surface alteration in TED.
Nutritional screening in children with cerebral palsy in Tanta University Hospitals
Authors: Elkady Wessam R. , Al-Shahawy Azza K. , El Shafiey Rasha G. , Elsawy Doaa M.
Published: October 2024

Background

Cerebral palsy (CP) in children can lead to malnutrition due to growth hormone dysregulation, muscle spasticity, and feeding difficulties, which can worsen CP limitations and lead to multiple negative impacts on general health.

Aim

To screen the nutritional status of children with CP at the University Hospitals.

Patients and methods

This cross-sectional observational study included 100 CP children of both sexes, aged less than 17 years old, who attended the Pediatric Clinical Nutrition and Neurology Clinics at the University Hospitals. They underwent a comprehensive medical history, which included a detailed feeding history, a thorough clinical examination, and an assessment of their anthropometric measurements.

Results

Lack of weight gain for 2–3 months was the most common indicator of feeding and swallowing difficulties (74%), followed by stressful mealtimes with caregivers (61%). The main gastrointestinal tract comorbidity was dysphagia (40%). The median daily water, energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat, and fiber intakes as percentages of the recommended dietary allowance were 45, 66, 76, 67, 78, and 19%, respectively. The prevalence of malnutrition was 24% for wasting (6% severe) based on the Gomez classification and 93% for stunting (57% severe) based on the Waterlow classification.

Conclusion

Most of the studied CP patients had red flags indicating feeding and swallowing difficulties. They consumed less water, calories, and macronutrients than the recommended dietary allowances for their ages. In addition, they had varied degrees of malnutrition.
Diffusion-weighted MRI in characterization of enlarged cervical lymph nodes
Authors: Elyazeed Aya M.A. , Khodair Sameh A. , El-Hamid Alm El-Din Mohamed A. , El Shahawy Alshiyma Z.
Published: October 2024

Background

Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) has been shown to enhance the visibility of sub-centimetric lymph nodes (LNs) by suppressing background tissue, thereby facilitating LN identification in comparison to conventional sequences.

Aim

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the efficacy of DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient in distinguishing among cancerous and benign cervical lymphadenopathy.

Patients and methods

This prospective research includes 50 cases complaining of cervical LN swelling referred to MR units of Radiodiagnosis and Clinical Oncology department at Tanta University Hospital, with symptoms of enlarged cervical LN.

Results

The most frequently encountered lesion was lymphoma in 12 (24.00%) cases, followed by metastatic from thyroid carcinoma in 7 (14%) cases and metastasis from cancer parotid in 6 (12%) cases, 5 (10%) cases were diagnosed as metastasis from tongue, metastasis from oropharyngeal mass was found in 4 (8%) cases, 3 cases were diagnosed as TB and acute inflammatory with percentage of (6%) for each one, where there were 2 cases diagnosed with percentage of (4%). This study revealed that DWI is a technique for investigation of tumors histological content of LNs and used for distinguishing among benign and cancerous ones.

Conclusion

DWI with apparent diffusion coefficient map is a novel and promising method for distinguishing cancerous from noncancerous LN. The addition of DWI to standard MRI gives extra biological and functional information for characterizing cervical LN.
Effect of exposure to the electromagnetic waves emitted from cellular phone on the cerebellum and hippocampus of the adult male albino rats
Authors: Eid Amal E.Z. , Salem Maysa F. , Nosseir Nermine S. , El-Hanafy Hend A.M.
Published: October 2024

Background

The use of electromagnetic fields in daily life becomes more common, and it’s thought that these stimuli have an impact on various body cells and organs. Electromagnetic waves originate from several sources in our surroundings, such as radio antennae, TVs, wireless communication etc. One of the most prevalent sources of electromagnetic field induction is mobile phones.

Aim

To assess the effects of electromagnetic waves emitted from cellular phone on the cerebellum and hippocampus of the adult male albino rats.

Materials and methods

40 male albino rats were exposed to cellular phones radiation. Rats were divided into three groups: control group (I): 20 adult male albino rats, experimental group (II): 10 rats constantly exposed to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) 2 h per day, 6 days a week, for 1 month and experimental group (III): 10 rats constantly exposed to EMR 2 h per day, 6 days a week, for two months. Then the rats were sacrificed and their cerebellum and hippocampus were stained and examined.

Results

Found that the intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles in the neuronal cell body increased and that the EMR from cell phones produced a notable degeneration of cerebellar, hippocampus pyramidal, and granular neurons.

Conclusions

The neuronal damaging effect of EMR exposure can lead to hippocampus and cerebellar dysfunction.
Evaluation of patients with central retinal vein occlusion using optical coherence tomography angiography
Authors: Ahmed Shimaa M. , Gaber Raouf A. , El Azim Elkoumy Hamdy A. , El-Koddousy Mona S.
Published: October 2024

Background

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most prevalent retinal vascular disorder after diabetic retinopathy, it may be categorized as central, hemi-central, and branch RVO. The most important risk factors are hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidaemia.

Aim

The objective of the research is to assess the ocular condition of patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Patient and methods

This prospective cross-sectional controlled trial was conducted on a total of 44 individuals, who were separated into two distinct groups: group 1: 24 eyes of 24 patients with central RVO, group 2: 20 eyes of 20 healthy persons.

Results

Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was significantly larger in both superficial and deep plexi levels in CRVO cases in comparison to the values of the same levels in normal subjects with predominance FAZ enlargement in the deep plexus than superficial plexus. Measurement of vascular density was significantly less in both superficial and deep plexi levels in CRVO cases in comparison to the same levels in normal subjects. Central macular thickness (CMT) detected by OCT was significantly more in CRVO cases in comparison to normal subjects. There were negative correlation between best-corrected visual acuity in decimal and CMT, Increased CMT was associated with diminish best-corrected visual acuity.

Conclusion

OCTA has the advantage of being a non-invasive method in assessing CRVO patients which makes it more practical than FFA in some clinical situations like patients with chronic kidney disease.
A qualitative study on experiences and perceptions of screening for enrolment in HIV clinical research among volunteers in Kenya
Authors: Nyariki Emily , Olenja Joyce M. , Lorway Robert R. , Anzala Omu
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION                                   
Screening volunteers to determine their eligibility to enrol in clinical research is an important phase in clinical research. However, little is known about how volunteers view and experience this phase of research implementation. This study explored volunteers’ perceptions and experiences of screening for enrolment into HIV clinical research studies.
MATERIALS AND METHODS                 
  A qualitative study was conducted with 44 research participants purposively selected from a sample of 164 participants drawn from six research studies at the Kenya Aids Vaccine Initiative-Institute of Clinical Research (KAVI-ICR) in Nairobi, Kenya. Data was collected between March and June 2014, through in-depth interviews that were audio recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data were managed and thematically analyzed using the Atlas ti software.
RESULTS                                           
Participants expressed mixed views and experiences about screening. A majority had initial fears about HIV testing and being screened for possible chronic diseases. Discomfort with physical examination, amounts of blood collected and associated pain were reported. On a positive note, participants were appreciative of the free comprehensive screening, and confirmations of being in good health. Those found with minor ailments reported receiving treatment before enrolment. HIV risk reduction behaviours following post-test counselling were also reported by some.
CONCLUSIONS                                 
Evaluating participants’ experiences of screening for enrolment is important for the design of research that meets ethical requirements and responds to research participants’ fears and concerns for optimal enrolment and retention.
Utilization of cervical cancer screening services among women aged 18 to 59 years in Laikipia East Sub-County, Kenya
Authors: Njoroge Lily N. , Mudhune Godfrey H. , Otieno George , Wanjau Grace , Yoos Alison
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION                                         
Cervical cancer, a preventable disease, continues to be the leading cause of death resulting from cancers in Kenya. Despite free cervical cancer screening services in all government hospitals in Laikipia County, the screening uptake remains low at 19% compared to the WHO target of 70%. Hence, understanding the barriers and facilitators is important in informing targeted interventions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS                 
 A mixed-method cross-sectional study was done in Laikipia East Sub-County, Kenya, between July and August 2022. The participants were women aged between 18 to 59 years. Data was collected on demographic factors and cervical cancer screening utilization. Also, qualitative data was collected using 5 FGDs and 6 KIIs to get more insights. Chi-square tests and odds ratios were calculated using STATA version 15 to assess associations and determine the level of significance.
RESULTS                                                       
Out of the 272 participants, 32.4% (n=88) had ever screened for cervical cancer. The logistic regression analysis indicates that as women age, their likelihood of undergoing screening increases, particularly for those aged 50-59, who show a tenfold higher likelihood of screening [ OR 10.40 (3.20-33.82), p-value <0.001]. Conversely, unemployment is associated with a reduced likelihood of screening [OR 0.42 (0.18-0.99), p-value 0.047] while individuals earning 50-200 USD per month exhibit an increased likelihood [OR 2.25 (1.30-3.87) p-value 0.004]. However, religion, marital status, and education level factors do not show a significant association with the utilization of cervical cancer screening as indicated by p-values of 0.735, 0.069, and 0.765, respectively.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Laikipia county government offers free cervical cancer screening in all government-run facilities but many, especially those aged 25-49, lack awareness. It is vital to boost awareness through community education on cervical cancer causes and prevention, emphasizing screening as preventive. Affordable treatment is also crucial for community reassurance post-diagnosis.
Effect of (Zr, Ta) doping on electronic and magnetic properties of zinc-blende MgTe DMS compound: AB-initio approach
Authors: Laghrissi M. , Drissi El Bouzaidi M. , Goumrhar F. , Essebbahi L. , Ahl Laamara R.
Published: October 2024

This study utilizes density functional theory (DFT) and the Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker coherent potential approximation (KKR-CPA) to explore the effects of zirconium (Zr) and tantalum (Ta) doping on the electronic and magnetic properties of zinc-blende MgTe. The electronic configurations of Mg1-x(TM)xTe (TM = Zr, Ta) were analyzed, revealing that Zr induces magnetic behavior with near-total spin polarization, while Ta doping leads to metallic behavior with partial polarization. The variations in magnetic moments are largely determined by impurity concentrations, with ferromagnetic stability in both systems driven by a double exchange interaction mechanism. Additionally, Curie temperatures exceeding room temperature were observed for specific doping concentrations. These results suggest significant potential for MgTe-based materials in spintronic applications. The findings further illustrate that Zr-doped alloys display half-metallicity, making them especially promising for future spintronics device development.
KEY WORDS: DMS, KKR-CPA, Polarization, Metallic behavior, Curie temperature, Double exchange, Spintronic
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 153-164.                                                     
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.13
Facile synthesis of ZnO/RGO/Fe2O3 using macroalgae Caulerpa taxifolia as green reductor and its application as malachite green removal
Authors: Ali Akbar Said , Hasan Muhammad
Published: October 2024

This study presents the synthesis of a novel ZnO/rGO/Fe₂O₃ composite using Caulerpa taxifolia as a green reductant for the effective removal of Malachite Green from aqueous solutions. Characterization techniques, including FTIR, SEM, and XRD, confirmed the successful incorporation of ZnO and Fe₂O₃ onto the rGO matrix, enhancing its adsorption properties. The composite achieved an exceptional maximum adsorption capacity of 454.5 mg/g at pH 9, significantly outperforming rGO alone and other adsorbents. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model, indicating chemisorption as the dominant mechanism, with a high correlation coefficient (R² = 0.999). The adsorption isotherms were best described by the Langmuir model, suggesting monolayer adsorption. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that the process was spontaneous and exothermic, with a Gibbs free energy (ΔGo) of -10.93 kJ/mol at 25 °C. The composite's high adsorption capacity, rapid kinetics, and favorable thermodynamics highlight its potential as an efficient and sustainable adsorbent for dye removal. This research offers a promising approach to water treatment, aligning with environmentally friendly practices and providing a viable solution for mitigating water pollution caused by organic dyes.            
KEY WORDS: Reduced graphene oxide, Water treatment, Caulerpa taxifolia, Isothermal and kinetic studies, Malachite Green
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 29-47.                                                                 
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.3
Divalent transition metal complexes with mixed of β-enaminone and N,O-donor ligands: synthesis, characterization and biological assessment
Authors: Ali M. Feryal , S.M.O. Al-barwari Alyaa
Published: October 2024

This study extensively describes the synthesizing and characterizing of new β-enaminone complexes derived from dimedone and amines coordinated with transition metals Fe(II), Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II), also two ligand's metformin (Met) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-hq). These were determined via FT-IR, 1H-NMR, electron and mass spectroscopy, molar electrical conductivity, thermal analysis (TGA, DTA and DSC) and characterized by metal content determination (%), magnetic susceptibility and elemental analysis (C.H.N.) and SEM technique. The measurements indicate that the complexes have six coordination numbers, where the β-enaminone is coordinated as tetradentate ligand through the two nitrogen atoms and the two oxygen atoms beside metformin is coordinated through the two nitrogen atoms and 8-hydroxyquinoline is coordinated by oxygen and nitrogen atoms as bidentate ligands. The conductance suggests that all complexes have electrolytic behavior, being conductive in a ratio of (1:2). SEM results revealed the presence of nanostructures on sample surfaces. The biological activity of the prepared ligands and complexes are studied in different concentrations for four types of bacteria Staphylococcus aureus has (+G) and Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella have (-G), well as, the influence of the fungus. The ligands have disparate effectiveness while complexes have high effectiveness inhibiting the bacteria and fungus.
KEY WORDS: Mixed ligand systems, Dimedone, β-Enaminone ligands, Transition metals, Biological application
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 65-78.                                                    
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.5
Spectroscopic and biological studies of Pd(II) complexes of 5-(p-tolyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol
Authors: Tuama Abdullah Khalid , S.M. Al-Janabi Ahmed , Jassim Hussien Nasry , A. Yousef Tarek , Shaaban Saad , I. Attia Mohamed , K. Al Duaij Omar
Published: October 2024

Reactions of Na2PdCl4 with two equivalents of 5-(p-tolyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thiol (MoxSH), afford complex of the type [Pd(MoxS)2] (1). Further reaction  with equivalent mole of diphosphine ligand {Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2} ( where n = 1 dppm, 2 dppe,  3 dppp,  4 dppb,   (CH2)n = dppf )  or two equivalents of triphenyl phosphine or triphenyl phosphine sulfide affords mixed-ligand complexes of the type [Pd(MoxS)2(Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2)] (2-6), [Pd(MoxS)2(PPh3)2] (7)  and [Pd(MoxS)2(SPPh3)2](8). The prepared complexes were characterized using different physical and spectroscopic methods. The results indicated that the MoxS ligand behave as coordinate in a anion monodentate fashion sulfur atom to give a square planer around the metal ion. Preliminary anti-bacterial activity has been assessed against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. The prepared complexes show good activity in compared with standard drug. [Pd(MoxS)2(dppf)] (6) displays good activity (18, 22 and 20 mm) against certain tested microbes Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis, respectively.
KEY WORDS: Complexes, Palladium, Thione, Anti-bacteria, Phosphine
Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2025, 39(1), 79-90.                                                        
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v39i1.6
Evaluation of metabolic and haematological impacts of light-at-night exposure on adult male Wistar rats under sleep restriction condition.
Authors: Mahdi Dissi Gambo
Published: October 2024

Health implications of shift work could not be completely due to exposure to light-at-night (LAN). This study evaluated metabolic and haematological impacts of LAN exposure on adult male Wistar rats under sleep restriction condition. The animals were grouped into control (n=8) and LAN exposed (n=8) groups. The controls were sleep restricted (SR) by gentle handling. In addition to SR, the LAN exposed group were exposed to LAN during the first five hours of scotophase for six weeks. Body weight, fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, full blood counts, CD4+ cells, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase and catalase were all assessed using their respective protocols. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 20) was used to analyze and Mean±SEM was used to analyze and summarize the data. Intergroup differences were investigated using Student’s t-test and p≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results have shown that LAN-exposed rats eat less and have gained more body weight than controls. LAN-exposed rats also had higher fasting blood glucose. On the contrary, there is no statistical difference between the two groups for markers of oxidative stress, triglyceride-glucose index, high-density lipoprotein, and atherogenic index of plasma. In conclusion, the present study has shown that LAN exposure could cause metabolic and hematological impairments in sleep-restricted, Wistar rats. Hence, it might predispose exposed subjects to obesity, diabetes mellitus and adverse cardiovascular events.
Assessment of some chemical constituents in selected energy drinks in Ilorin, Nigeria
Authors: Jaji B.A. , Adeyemo A.A. , Adeoye S.O. , Opatokun-Saliu R.O. , Afolabi F.
Published: October 2024

The study compared and evaluated the physicochemical characteristics and some chemical components of some energy drinks. Samples of five (5) different energy drink brands were bought at random. The physicochemical characteristics of all the samples (pH, turbidity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids), as well as the levels of aspartame, sugar, and caffeine, were examined. The physicochemical properties (pH, turbidity, conductivity, and total dissolved solids) were 4.47 ± 0.012 – 5.96 ± 0.012, 8 ± 0.577 – 592 ± 1.155 NTU, 2.21 ± 0.006 – 1975 ± 1.732 μs/cm, and 243 ± 0.577 – 1064 ± 0.577 mg/L, respectively. The values were found to be moderate and it was found to be within the FDA's suggested range. All energy drinks contained iron, calcium, zinc, and potassium, with concentrations ranging from 2.0 to 2500 mg/L, 2.763 ± 0.0009 - 19.310 ± 0.0015 mg/L, 0.045 ± 0.0001 - 13.887 ± 0.0037 mg/L, and 1.961 ± 0.0003 - 0.294 ± 0.0005 mg/L, respectively. Energy drinks had concentrations of copper, lead, and manganese ranging from 0.002 ± 0.0002 - 0.102 ± 0.0003 mg/L, 0.028 ± 0.0006 - 0.209 ± 0.0009 mg/L, and 0.003 ± 0.0001 - 0.024 ± 0.0002 mg/L, respectively. While lead had a value over the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 0.01 mg/L, copper and manganese concentrations were below the maximum contaminant level of 1.0 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L, respectively. With the exception of sample E, which had a value of 0.102 ± 0.0003 mg/L and was higher than the maximum contaminant level (MCL) of 0.005 mg/L, cadmium was not found in any energy drink. The concentrations of sugar, aspartame, and caffeine were 1.11 mg/L to 2487.13 mg/L, 6.51 mg/L to 1491.19 mg/L, and 16.98 mg/L to 1686.73 mg/L, respectively. The amounts of aspartame and caffeine in each energy drink sample were less than the FDA's recommended levels of 400 mg/L and 3000 mg/L, respectively. It is crucial to keep an eye on the consumption pattern of these drinks in order to reduce the risk of consuming excessive amounts of dangerous ingredients and avoid the side effects that have been documented.
Investigation of the catalytic activity of trimetallic CuAgAu aerogels for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO
Authors: Ikuemonisan F.E. , Kayode Y.O. , Aluko T.J. , Ajose A.S. , Okedeyi S.A. , Ejire-Adedolapo B.A. , Adewopo A. , Kasika F.A. , Odubote B.O.
Published: October 2024

Given the growing demand for efficient catalysts in sustainable energy applications, this study investigates the structural characterization and catalytic activity of CuAgAu trimetallic aerogels synthesized via a sol-gel method. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed a porous network structure with uniformly dispersed trimetallic nanoparticles averaging 5-10 nm in size, which indicates a successful synthesis and nanostructure formation. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the formation of a face-centered cubic structure, with distinct diffraction peaks observed at positions corresponding to the (111), (200), and (220) planes of Cu, Ag, and Au, respectively. These structural features are critical for understanding the crystalline nature and stability of the aerogels. The catalytic activity of CuAgAu aerogels for CO2 reduction was evaluated using linear sweep voltammetry, which showed notable enhancements in current densities at various applied potentials relative to the reversible hydrogen electrode. These findings indicate the aerogels’ effectiveness as catalysts for CO2 conversion. Furthermore, Faradaic efficiency measurements revealed a high selectivity in the conversion of CO2 to CO, achieving a high Faradaic efficiency of 85%, which suggests that the aerogels’ capability to efficiently utilize electrons in producing CO, as a valuable precursor in renewable energy and chemical synthesis applications. The combination of structural integrity, catalytic performance, and high selectivity positions CuAgAu aerogels as promising approach for sustainable energy technologies.
Control of fungal diseases of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) fruits using various plant extracts
Authors: Sam S. M, , Okey E. N. , Okop I. J.
Published: October 2024

Plant harmful fungi induce symptoms of illnesses that significantly impair the quantity and quality of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) yields. The high-water composition of tomatoes renders it highly vulnerable to fungal decay. These fungi, responsible for the decay of tomatoes, generate mycotoxins that pose serious risks to human health. Thus, this research goal is to separate, characterize, and classify the fungi linked with the decline of tomato produce sold across four markets in Mkpat Enin and Ikot Abasi Local Government Areas of Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Among the fungal pathogens extracted from afflicted tomato fruits were Fusarium moniliformes, Rhizopus stolonifera, and Aspergillus alternata. Different concentrations of the extracts were individually introduced into Potato Dextrose Agar media. The fungal pathogens were at that point individually introduced into the media and left to incubate for 7 days. Findings revealed that P < 0.05 suppressed the mycelial evolution of the fungal pathogens at a greater concentration tested, with the extent of inhibition varying among different extracts. The results concerning the proportion inhibition of plant extracts on different fungus indicated that, at concentrations ranging from 40% to 80%, ethanolic extracts derived from Cola acuminata and Zingiber officinale significantly (p<0.05) restrained the growth of F. moniliformes, R. stolonifera, and A. alternata. Specifically, the ethanolic leaf extract of C. acuminata demonstrated moderate inhibition on A. alternata at 60%, while the ethanolic extract of Zingiber officinale exhibited low inhibition on F. moniliformes at 40%. At a concentration of 60% in ethanolic extracts, F. moniliformes experienced the greatest inhibition among the plant extracts, whereas A. alternata displayed the least inhibition. Pathogenicity testing indicated that Aspergillus alternata exhibited the largest decay of 25mm in diameter in a healthy tomato fruit, while Rhizopus stolonifera had the smallest decay diameter. Thus, to cover the ledge life of tomato fruits, therefore there’s adequate need to implement proper handling techniques and utilize adequate storage facilities.
Preparation and characterization of amino acid-modified nanoclay
Authors: Yakubu Azeh , Aliyu-Paiko Mohammed
Published: October 2024

Clays are low-cost, naturally occurring nanoparticles of inorganic origin, which could be isolated through careful experimental techniques. Functional intercalation of nano clay particles is aimed at attaching new functionalities for a broader application. Nanoclay was isolated and subsequently, activated using H3PO4 to increase the surface porosity and then, modified using phenylalanine/aspartic acid. The modified product was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA/DTG). The SEM results show that the nanolayers were partially eroded, due to the acid activation. Other features observed were plate stacking, cracks, plate-like layers, and particle clustering, which was due to agglomerations. The smooth surface observed was due to the hydrophobic groups of the intercalates. TGA/DTG revealed that the modified product was thermally stable, due to the presence of nanolayers, which protected the amine group and thus, enhanced their thermal stability up to 250 oC. The maximum decomposition temperature reached was around 420-480 oC. In conclusion, nanoclay particles have been synthesized and subsequently, intercalated using essential and non-essential amino acids. The thermal stability of the new functional moieties was enhanced. The implication is that such materials could find useful applications as novel adsorbents for water treatment, as well as for the formulation of high-temperature polymers for automobile and other applications.
Phytochemical and volatile components evaluation of antimicrobial root extracts of Dichrostachys cinerea (sickle bush)(Fabaceae) (L) Wight & Arn
Authors: Okwute S. K. , Adeniyi B.M.
Published: October 2024

The crude ethanolic extract of the root of Dichrostachys cinerea (Fabaceae) was screened for phytochemicals and antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aureginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans using agar-well diffusion method. The phytochemical screening of the root extract results showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, essential oils, phenols, terpenes, tannins, unsaturated sterols, and saponins. However, coumarins, and anthocyanins were absent. The crude extract was subjected to column chromatographic fractionation to give nine fractions of which two, DCR1 and DCR2, were subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The crude extract and column chromatographic fractions DCR1 and DCR2 gave MIC of 1 mg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, but were not active against the other test organisms. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the antibacterial fractions, DCR1 and DCR2, based on standard MS library data revealed the presence of caryophellene, phthalates, a phenol and fatty acids and their ester derivatives. These phytoconstituents could account for the biological properties of the extracts of the plant. The results of this work therefore support its use in ethno-medicinal preparations, particularly against infections.
Use of facial cosmetics and their effects on skin among female students of Bayero University Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Yusuf Fatima Hamza , Tela Idris Abdu , Sharif Maryam Isa , Asuku Abdullahi Yusuf , Gudaji Abdullahi
Published: October 2024

Cosmetics are used for cleansing, beautifying, enhancing attractiveness, or altering appearance and commonly applied by young women. This study examined the use and effects of cosmetics on the skin of female students at Bayero University Kano, Nigeria. A sample of 360 students from five faculties were randomly selected. Data on age, purpose, type, frequency of use, and effects of cosmetic products were collected. The age groups were divided into younger (18-25 years) and older (25+ years). Pearson’s Chi-square test assessed associations between age, ethnicity, and cosmetic use. The study found that facial creams (83.1%), lipstick (52.2%), eyeliners (54.7%), mascara (33.1%), eyelashes (12.5%), eyeshadow (16.1%), and foundation (15.6%) were the most commonly used cosmetics. Usage was mostly occasional (63%) or daily (37%), with 88% preferring daytime application. Significant associations were found between age and usage purpose (p=0.043), and between ethnicity and choice of cosmetics (p=0.030). Reported side effects included acne (23.3%), bleaching (25.7%), pigmentation (12.2%), rashes/itching (13.9%), irritation (5.2%), skin hardening (4.5%), and other complications (15.3%). Eye-related issues included redness (52.2%), itching (20.2%), soreness (15.4%), puffiness (3.5%), and miscellaneous problems (8.8%). Lip problems were primarily cracking (70.8%), swelling (16.9%), and bumps (12.3%). In conclusion, the use of facial cosmetics is prevalent among students, mainly for occasional use and primarily during the day. The purpose of cosmetic use varies with age and ethnicity. The most common side effects are skin pigmentation, eye redness, and swollen lips.
A case study of consecutive pregnancies in a woman with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension
Authors: Sada SI , Manko M , Aliyu RM , Ghazali S
Published: October 2024

Pregnancy in women with liver cirrhosis is a high-risk one that requires multidisciplinary care. Variceal bleeding occurs in up to half of women having associated portal hypertension and confers the greatest risk. Despite advances made in the management of such cases, maternal morbidity remains high. Pregnancy is rare in women with liver cirrhosis due to reduced natural fertility rates. We report a case of two consecutive pregnancies in a woman with liver cirrhosis. A 29-year-old primipara with hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension who had been on tenofovir for the past seven years. The first pregnancy was spontaneously conceived but the second was by assisted conception. Both pregnancies were complicated by recurrent episodes of variceal bleeding that necessitated multiple endoscopic variceal band ligation (EVBL) during pregnancy. Medical advancement has enabled women with cirrhosis to have more pregnancies with reduced maternal and perinatal morbidities. Multidisciplinary management is vital to achieving favourable pregnancy outcomes.
Evaluation of selected rice cultivars' phenotypic traits and chlorophyll content under sub-mergence stress
Authors: Umar Ja’afar , Shehu Kasimu , Aliero Adamu Aliyu , Gumi Muhammad Abubakar , Koko Jamilu Danjumma
Published: October 2024

Currently, rice production in Nigeria is on the increase with the aim of meeting the nation’s need but floods (mainly seasonal) has been among the major factors limiting rice production. Rice is generally a semi aquatic plant well adapted to partially flooded fields but flash flooding may leads to complete submergence there by resulting into huge economic losses mainly due to reduction in gases (hypoxia) and light intensity needed for photosynthesis. The research was conducted at the Biological Garden, Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Birnin Kebbi. The experiment was set off in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of four rice cultivars with control and three replications. Length of internodes, number of nodes per plant, plant height, root length and chlorophyll contents were evaluated using standard methods and protocols. The study analyzed the impact of flooding on rice cultivars, finding significant differences in node number, internode length, plant height, root lengths, and chlorophyll content. The highest number of nodes was found in CP Yartunga, followed by Faro with 6.33 per plant. The highest plant height was 15.50 cm in Faro, while the highest chlorophyll content was 0.41 mg/g in CP 44. The research reveals that rice cultivars recover from flooding stress, with CP Yartunga having the highest number of nodes per plant and Faro having the highest internode length. No significant differences were found in plant height, root length, or chlorophyll content among the evaluated cultivars. Faro had the lowest chlorophyll content. The study reveals that under stress, chlorophyll content in various locations decreases significantly, with a significant drop in recovery and node numbers. Lastly, node recovery is substantial, suggesting lower injury levels. The present study suggests that cultivars like Faro and CP 44 show better resilience, suggesting potential breeding programs focusing on structural traits.
Review of QoS-aware resource allocation schemes for 5g networks
Authors: Umar Maniru Malami , Mohammed Aminu , Abdulazeez Abdulhakeem
Published: October 2024

Resource management in wireless networks refers to the processes and techniques used to allocate, control, and optimize the various resources in a wireless communication system to ensure efficient and reliable operation. These resources typically include spectrum (frequency bands), power, time slots, and network infrastructure (e.g., base stations, access points). Effective resource management is crucial for maximizing network performance, ensuring Quality of Service (QoS), and providing a good user experience, especially in environments with limited resources and high demand. Quality of Service (QoS) refers to the ability of the network to provide different levels of service quality to various types of traffic, applications, and users. QoS in 5G is essential due to the diverse range of services the network is designed to support, each with its own specific requirements for performance metrics such as latency, reliability, bandwidth, and availability. In this paper, we study how the QoS-aware resource allocation procedure is handled in wireless networks. Different resource management techniques were studied and also the paper looked at some of the existing QoS-aware resources allocation schemes by highlighting the operation, strength and weakness and the QoS parameters considered by each of the schemes.
Experiential Teaching Approaches and Techniques to Advance the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals on Education
Authors: Koni Ifeolu John
Published: October 2024

No abstract
The Role of the Textile Industry and Permitting Systems in Advancing the Environmental Dimensions of the SDGs in the MENA Region
Authors: Smagadi Aphrodite , Curcio Lamas Andrea
Published: October 2024

The textile industry plays a key role in driving development and human welfare, but it is also a sector struggling to address its contribution to the triple planetary crisis – climate change, biodiversity loss, and pollution. In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, the environmental implications are compounded by the region’s water scarcity, land degradation and energy dependence. This article emphasises the urgent need to transition towards a sustainable and circular textile value chain to accelerate the achievement of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this respect, permitting processes play a key role. However, the role of permitting systems in driving us towards a sustainable economy for textiles has not been exhaustively explored, if at all. Drawing upon research conducted by the UNEP Law Division in collaboration with Queensland University of Technology, as well as a broader literature review, this article examines the role of the textile industry in the MENA region and the importance of developing, or strengthening existing, legislation relating to permitting procedures, with a specific focus on Morocco, Türkiye, Jordan, and Egypt. The article underscores the pivotal role of environmental permitting processes in addressing the environmental footprint of the textile sector, mainly related to the production phase of the industry. While many countries already have permit processes in place, there is a need for policymakers to review and strengthen these frameworks to ensure comprehensive integration and address existing gaps. By doing so, countries can more effectively regulate and minimise the environmental impact of textile activities, thereby advancing the environmental dimensions of the SDGs.