bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSEPSI TENTANG RELAKTASI DARI IBU YANG TELAH MELAKUKAN RELAKTASI di SAMPANG – INDONESIA: Studi Fenomenologi Deskriptif
Authors: Sholihah Imroatus , Fithriani Zainun Wahida
Published: March 2023

Background: Most of the breastfeeding problems such as relactation experience stem from the psychological condition of the women who experience it. Those stress conditions affect the brain loci that control the perception of health. Perception’s problem is a very broad and complex. Therefore, interesting to understanding about perceptions of relactation experiences in women who failed to provide exclusive breastfeeding through qualitative methods.

Method: The research was conducted using descriptive phenomenology on 10 informants through semi-structural interviews.

Result: Seven themes obtained namely (a) Knowledge about Breastfeeding (b) Support obtained during breastfeeding (c) Role of health workers in the breastfeeding process (d) Postnatal psychological condition (e) Mother's Breastfeeding History (g) The role of social media and relations in the breastfeeding process (h) Implementation of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding (IMD) in the delivery place.

Discussion: Various components have mutual implications for the relactation have done such as due to a lack of knowledge about breastfeeding and the existence of self-perceptions about postpartum psychological conditions which tend to be moody. The view that the mother had previously breastfed and was considered to have more knowledge was a trigger for women to feel safer when following their mother. In addition, self-perception also has implications for self-confidence to breastfeed. The closest environment and the most frequent contact, namely health workers, how the nuclear family supports women physically and mentally after childbirth, the implementation of IMD in the delivery center, and access to breastfeeding information through social media have implications for the success of relactation.
Limitations Involved in a Two-Sample Independent t-Test
Authors: Acharya Sampark , Rani Barkha
Published: March 2023

 While looking at obscures populace means for two groups on a specific variable, at times it is difficult to investigate the data and it brings about the error of information. In this review research, the information was collected from various published articles regarding t-test. As it was a review research, no human participants were involved in collecting the data or to conduct research. Thus, no consent was required for collecting data from anyone. The review revealed that there are a few limitations to utilizing a two-sample independent t-test. In this article, these limitations have been examined. 
Salient Cleavages, Tactical Cooperation and Violence between Armed Groups in Yemen
Authors: Younger-Khan Sukayna
Published: March 2023

Existing scholarship ignores relational interdependencies when attempting to understand the behaviour of non-state armed groups during civil war. This paper investigates the in- terconnected web of alliances and rivalries in the Yemen Civil War to answer the following question: why do armed groups fight each other? We employ a network approach to investigate determinants of intergroup violence. This emphasises the role of identity, arguing that operating in salient cleavages necessitates that groups align or distinguish themselves from each other. We further argue that informal cooperation incentivises violence the longer the war continues. These arguments are tested using pooled Exponential Random Graph Models to account for endogenous structures over time. Results indicate that shared identity is a significant driver of hostilities, moderating cooperation and amplifying the effects of group attributes. Robustness checks and simulations demonstrate that network models more accurately capture the underlying mechanisms to predict fighting in this case.
Property Tax Capitalization in Sweden--Evidence from the 2008 Reform
Authors: Chou Hsi-Wei , Mavropoulos Timotheos , Lee Yi-Yun , Lin Tzu-Ching , Nordling Torbjörn E. M.
Published: March 2023

The paper investigates the effect of the property taxation reform introduced in Sweden from 2006 to 2008 on the market price of the affected properties (one-family houses). We make an extensive empirical analysis of the tax capitalization effect, given that prior research has detected only partial capitalization and that there has been an extensive debate regarding the extent to which the tax gets capitalized into property market prices. In particular, the tax capitalization effect for single-family house prices was investigated by looking into various sub-groups of properties and doing extensive statistical inquiries into the property transaction data. Despite a relatively broad time period in which the reform took place, a jump in the market values of the affected properties is detectable in the fourth quarter of 2006. Our findings emphasise the importance of creating a representative data sample in analyzing and assessing the outcomes and impacts of policy interventions such as a taxation reform.
The structure of the Risk Culture Framework: Evidence from a health context
Authors: Bielefeld Moritz , Streicher Bernhard , Gürer Can
Published: March 2023

  

Risk assessment and behavior of social entities, such as societies, organizations or groups, are shaped by shared values and beliefs. Such shared convictions on how risk is perceived and handled are widely labeled as risk culture. While risk culture is a promising approach for comprehensively considering risk aspects in social dynamics, its structure still lacks conceptual clarity. In this regard, the recently introduced Risk Culture Framework (RCF) was aimed at providing an operationalization foundation for risk culture research through a 3x3 grid representing different cultural levels and influencing domains. However, until now, the RCF has neither been empirically applied nor tested. In the current study, the structural fit of the model is evaluated using empirical data pertaining to health risks gathered by an exploratory questionnaire (N = 500). For the sake of methodological consistency, the cultural level of implicit factors was not considered due to its methodological specificity. Confirmatory factor analyses were used to analyze the fit of the assumed model structure as well as that of other applicable models. Model indices for the RCF-oriented risk culture model structure were acceptable and better than those for the other models tested. Overall, results support the theoretical-based structure of the RCF, and provide a foundation for further research on risk culture. Future approaches and applications of the RCF to more specific risk subjects are discussed.
Metode Perhitungan Falakhiyyah Tahun Kalender Masehi Dan Tahun Kalender Hijriyyah
Authors: Amri
Published: March 2023

Tujuan tulisan ini ialah untuk mempermudah pembaca khususnya para mahasiswa Fakultas Syariah terkait mata kuliah ilmu falak agar lebih mudah memahami cara kerja perhitungan terkait penentuan hari dan pasaran serta hasil konversi tahun hijriyyah dan Tahun masehi. Dalam tulisan ini penulis menggunakan metode proses belajar mengajar dengan pakar Ilmu Falak dan penulis juga mengulang-mengulah kembali untuk mengerjakan sendiri di rumah. Hasil menunjukan bahwa dalam mengerjakan bidang falak ini sangat mudah apabila kita benar-benar dapat memahami rumus dan teliti dalam perhitunganya. Karena dalam menentukan hari, tanggal, bulan, tahun dan pasaran memerlukan perhitungan berupa perkalian, penjumlahan, pengurangan dan pembagian.
Pelatihan Penulisan Artikel Ilmiah bagi Guru-guru
Authors: SIANTURI HERY LEO
Published: March 2023

SMAK Sint Carolus Penfui kota kupang sebagai Mitra terletak di Kelurahan Penfui, Kota Kupang. Selain itu, ada juga beberapa Sekolah yang terlibat dalam kegaiatan ini, yaitu SMA 5, SMK 7 di Alak, dan SMP N 20 Kota Kupang. Lembga-lembaga mitra ini semuanya terletak di Kota Kupang yang letaknya dari Kampus Undana antara 1 s/d 15 KM. Walaupun Mitra ini terletak di Kota Kupang, tetapi Guru-guru yang ada pada Mitra tersebut masih mengalami kendala atau kesulitan dalam meningkatkan kemampuan menemukan ide penelitian, meneliti dan menulis artikel ilmiah berkualitas untuk bisa dipublikasikan pada jurnal terakreditasi. Hal ini ditandai dengan hanya sekitar 20% guru yang memiliki golongan IV dari semua guru yang ada Mitra yang mengikuti kegiatan pelatihan ini. Rendahnya kemampuan Guru-guru tersebut dalam menulis artikel ilmiah disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, antara lain a) Guru?guru sangat minim membaca hasil-hasil penelitian terbaru yang dilakukan oleh orang lain sehingga mereka memiliki pengetahuan yang minim untuk menemukan ide penelitian, b) karena tidak ada ide penelitian, guru-guru tersebut tidak memiliki kegiatan penelitian, c) kemampuan guru untuk menuliskan sebuah artikel Imiah masing sangat rendah, d) Juga Guru-guru belum mengetahui dengan tepat prosedur publikasi pada jurnal-jurnal terakreditasi. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan pengabdian tentang pelatihan penulisan artikel ilmiah dan prosedur publikasi di Jurnal terakrediatasi nasional yang dilakukan ini dapat memberikan wawasan pengetahuan dan kemampuan bagi Guru-guru yang ada di Mitra untukmenemukan ide penelitian, meneliti, menulis artikel ilmiah berkualitas dan mempublikasikan pada jurnal internasional dan/atau nasional terakreditasi.
Ultrahigh bandwidth applications using optical microcombs
Authors: Moss David
Published: March 2023

We report ultrahigh bandwidth applications of Kerr microcombs at data rates beyond 10 Terabits/s. Optical neural networks can dramatically accelerate the computing speed to overcome the inherent bandwidth bottleneck of electronics. At the same time, digital signal processing has become central to many fields, from coherent optical telecommunications where it is used to compensate signal impairments, to image processing, important for observational astronomy, medical diagnosis, autonomous driving, big data and particularly artificial intelligence. Digital signal processing had traditionally been performed electronically, but new applications, particularly those involving real time video image processing, are creating unprecedented demand for ultrahigh performance, including bandwidth and reduced energy consumption. We use a new and powerful class of micro-comb called soliton crystals that exhibit robust operation and stable generation as well as a high intrinsic efficiency with a low spacing of 48.9 GHz. We demonstrate a universal optical vector convolutional accelerator operating at 11 Tera-OPS/s (TOPS) on 250,000 pixel images for 10 kernels simultaneously — enough for facial image recognition. We use the same hardware to sequentially form a deep optical CNN with ten output neurons, achieving successful recognition of full 10 digits with 900 pixel handwritten digit images. Finally, we demonstrate a photonic digital signal processor operating at 18 Tb/s and use it to process multiple simultaneous video signals in real-time. The system processes 400,000 video signals concurrently, performing 34 functions simultaneously that are key to object edge detection, edge enhancement and motion blur. As compared with spatial-light devices used for image processing, our system is not only ultra-high speed but highly reconfigurable and programable, able to perform many different functions without any change to the physical hardware. Our approach, based on an integrated Kerr soliton crystal microcomb, opens up new avenues for ultrafast robotic vision and machine learning.
The Latest Breakthroughs in Cancer Treatment
Authors: shah kalam naseem
Published: March 2023

The Latest Breakthroughs in Cancer Treatment
A Typology of Higher Education Students’ Media-Usage Behaviour
Authors: Pumptow Marina
Published: March 2023

This study extends previous research on higher education (HE) students’ media usage, considering attitudes towards digital media and exploring gender and subject-related differences. Data is based on a standardised online survey conducted from May to July 2018 at four German universities (n = 1684). Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to identify a typology of media-usage patterns and attitudes, based on the average frequency of usage of different media applications (such as e-books, communication tools, study-related online tools etc.), attitudes towards digital media according to several dimensions (e.g. curiosity/interest and scepticism) and selfassessed skills regarding for example media technology, literature databases and research, and programming. The resulting types of media users were then analysed in terms of relationships with gender, study subjects and digital media self-efficacy. The results of this explorative study provide further insights into media use in HE, based on current data and for a diverse student sample, and allow for in-depth follow up research.
Fighting Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide
Authors: shah kalam naseem
Published: March 2023

Fighting Cancer: A Comprehensive Guide
Higher Education Students’ Performance and its Relation with Digital Media Self-Efficacy and Socioeconomic Background
Authors: Pumptow Marina , Brahm Taiga
Published: March 2023

Research suggests a link between students’ socioeconomic background, their academic self-efficacy and their study achievement. However, although digital media are prevalent in several areas of everyday, their relevance for academic achievement have not yet been satisfactorily explored. Furthermore, whether digital media usage depends on socioeconomic background factors has not yet been sufficiently investigated in this context. In consequence, it is unknown whether existing inequalities in higher education (HE) are stable, further enhanced, or even reduced in the era of ‘digitalisation’. The present study explores the relationships between individual and socioeconomic background factors, with a special focus on academic and digital media self-efficacy. Data were collected at four German universities in summer 2018 (n = 2039). The results of structural equation models indicate that digital-media self-efficacy is related to students‘ academic performance while it is not related to students’ socioeconomic backgrounds. In contrast, academic self-efficacy is related to both. Overall, this study contributes to the literature on students’ study behaviour in the digital era by examining students’ digital media behaviour as well as their (media-related) self-efficacy.
Peningkatan Kemampuan Dan Kesadaran Masyarakat Dalam Mitigasi Bencana Gempa Bumi Dan Tsunami
Authors: SIANTURI HERY LEO
Published: March 2023

Nusa tenggara timur merupakan salah satu propinsi di Indonesia yang rawan dengan gempa bumi dan tsunami. Untuk mengurangi dampak/resiko yang ditimbulkannya diperlukan pemahaman dan kesadaran masyarakat tentang bencana dan resiko yang mungkin terjadi oleh bencana tersebut. Dengan adanya pemahaman dan kesadaran ini, diharapkan masyarakat mampu melakukan upaya-upaya mitigasi bencana sebelum, selama dan sesudah bencana terjadi.
Type 2 Diabetes Management Intervention Using a blended in-person and Mobile Application: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Nuss Kayla , Bhansali Anil , Kar Shabnam Das , Narwal Gurjot , Liu Sam
Published: March 2023

Background: The prevalence and incidence of T2DM have been disproportionately high among South Asians. Gini Health recently developed a 12-week T2DM management program (Gin Health 360 Approach) that uses a combination of tailored in-person lifestyle coaching and mobile health self-monitoring and check-ins. Currently, the feasibility of delivering such program in India remains unclear. Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the 12-week program in changing blood glucose (HBA1c), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), blood pressure (BP), body weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference.Methods: This study used a single-arm pre-post design. The Gini Health care team delivered the 12-week intervention in India and collected intervention outcome. The intervention is a comprehensive lifestyle program focusing on a healthy diet and regular physical activity (e.g., emphasis on 10,000 steps per day). The program is free for participants to join during the evaluation period. Participants were aged 21 to 70 years living in India, with a diagnosis of T2DM. Anonymous data were provided to researchers for secondary analysis. Paired t-tests were used to evaluate changes in study outcomes. Results: Fifty participants were recruited. The mean age of participants was 53.45 (SD 12.38) years old. HbA1c, LDL, SBP, DBP, BMI, and waist circumference were all significantly lower following the intervention relative to baseline (p<.05). Conclusion: This study showed preliminary evidence that Gini Health 360 Approach may improve HbA1c, LDL, SBP, DBP, BMI, and waist circumference for T2DM patients after 12 weeks. This intervention offered a blended in-person and mhealth intervention delivery approach to manage T2DM. This kind of delivery model has the potential to be scaled across South Asian communities.
An Investigation into the Relationship between Cognitive Processing Speed and White Matter Integrity across the Life Course Systematic Review Protocol
Authors: Costello Niall , Symonds Jennifer Elisabeth , Santos Flávia H.
Published: March 2023

This is a protocol for a systematic review investigating the relationship between white matter integrity and cognitive processing speed across the life course. The following systematic review protocol outlines the literature, research objectives, inclusion and exclusion terms, search string, data synthesis and meta analysis, quality appraisal and time line of of the review.
ANALISIS SPEKTRAL DAN PENENTUAN HIPOSENTER GEMPA GUNUNG LEWOTOBI DAN EGON SERTA KONDISI SEISMOTEKTONIK DAERAH SEKITARNYA
Authors: SIANTURI HERY LEO
Published: March 2023

Has done research on spectral analysis and determination of hypocenter Lewotobi and Egon and its relation to tectonic earthquakes in the surrounding area. The puporse of the research was to determine the spectral characteristics, hypocenter, b-value, as well as investigating the relationship between volcanic earthquake and tectonic earthquake that occurred in the area around. The data of volcanic seismicity obtained from the Lewotobi and Egon PGA Post on January 1st until January 31st 2016. And the data of tectonic seismicity obtained from International Seismicity Center (ISC) catalog and U.S. Geological Survey National Earthquake Information Center (USGS/NEIC) on 1965-2016. Spectral analysis of earthquake that recorded on a seismograph in PGA post used to get dominant frequency, the deep volcanic earthquake, shallow volcanic earthquake, and local tectonic on Lewotobi used to determine hypocenter of earthquake of Lewotobi mount. For the data of tectonic earthquake obtained by doing analysis b-value. The results show that dominant frequency each earthquake that occurred on Lewotobi: deep volcanic earthquake 10-13 Hz, shallow volcanic 4,87-13,6 Hz, tornillo 1,69-16,8 Hz, harmonic tremor 1,72-2 Hz, far tectonic 1,041-5,282 Hz, local tectonic 1,80-2,79 Hz, blowing 2,54-7,53 Hz, low frequency 0,72-1,97 Hz. For earthquake on Egon: deep volcanic earthquake 10-13,0 Hz, shallow volcanic 10-12,1 Hz,9 harmonic tremor 11-20,9 Hz, swarm 11-12,3 Hz, local tectonic 11,9-12,6 Hz, far tectonic 2,62-12,6 Hz, blowing 4,88-12,8 Hz, low frequency 0,47-3,17 Hz, tornillo 12-12,6 Hz. Volcanic hypocenter erthquakemostly occurred in Lewotobi laki-laki and local tectonic occurred on southwest of mount Lewotobi. The value of b-value obtained was 1,12 ± 0,18. From the result of analysis not founded a direct correlation of volcanic and tectonic activity.
Serifikat HAKI
Authors: SIANTURI HERY LEO
Published: March 2023

Sasando explorer in East Nusa Tenggara
College student homelessness and food insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Haskett Mary Elizabeth , Dorris John
Published: March 2023

Objective: We sought to examine the prevalence and experiences of university students who experienced homelessness and/or food insecurity during the pandemic and to compare the demographic and academic-related characteristics of students with and without basic needs insecurity. Participants and Methods: We surveyed a diverse and representative sample of 1,403 undergraduate and graduate students on our campus to measure students’ food and housing security, finances, well-being, use and sharing of resources, and learning. Results: 23% of students experienced food insecurity in a 30-day period and 15% had been homeless in the first seven months of the pandemic. There were significant impacts of food insecurity and homelessness across domains of functioning. Conclusions: Results support the view of college student basic needs insecurity as a public health concern that impacts many facets of college students’ functioning and health.
Assessing validity and bias of within-person variability in affect and personality
Authors: Anvari Farid , Rensing Noëlle , Kalokerinos Elise Katherine , Lucas Richard E. , Schneider Iris K.
Published: March 2023

Within-person variability in affect and personality have both been linked to well-being. Variability in negative affect is considered a particularly important individual difference, given that it is a core component of Neuroticism from the Big Five personality traits. Researchers typically measure individual differences in variability either by asking people to report how variable they perceive themselves to be or to give multiple reports on the construct and calculating a within-person standard deviation that is adjusted for confounding by the person-level mean. The two measures are weakly correlated with one another and this lack of convergent validity is concerning because the links of variability with well-being depend on which measure researchers use. One hypothesis is that people’s repeated ratings may be biased by response styles. In a large (N = 399) 7-day study with up to 5 measurements per day, we (1) examined the validity of different measures of variability in affect and personality, and (2) tested the response styles hypothesis by correlating variability in repeated ratings of affect and personality with variability in repeated ratings of a theoretically unrelated construct (i.e., features of images). The measures of variability lacked sufficient convergent validity to be used interchangeably, and only 2 of 10 correlations testing the response styles hypothesis were statistically significant and weakly positive, providing weak evidence supporting the hypothesis. Therefore, the lack of convergent validity between the different measures leaves ambiguity in our understanding of the links between variability and well-being, and this is not explained by response styles bias.
A Systematic Review of the Barriers Associated with Help-Seeking Among Students at Risk of Suicide
Authors: Cameron Giovanna C. , Hunter Simon C. , McCartney Rachel C.
Published: March 2023

Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. There are several barriers that suicidal people experience when trying to get help, despite the importance of help-seeking for suicide prevention. Students are a particularly vulnerable group in terms of seeking help for their mental health, with 45% of students feeling they required help, yet 57% of these students hid their difficulties from others. A systematic review was conducted to investigate the barriers associated with help-seeking for suicidality in a student population, whilst exploring the quality of the literature. The databases PsychInfo, PsychArticles, MEDLINE, and Emcare were searched for publications up to the year 2022 inclusive. The search yielded ten publications which met the review’s eligibility criteria. The most frequently cited barriers were lack of time and finance, questioning the seriousness of their needs, wanting to deal with their problems on their own, perceiving stress to be normal in university/college, and perceived stigma. These barriers should be taken into consideration when implementing suicide prevention strategies, such as that campaigns should aim to raise awareness of any free therapeutic services, such as charities or university counselling services. Campaigns should emphasise the importance of prioritising mental health despite time difficulties, as well as spreading awareness of the signs of suicidality/suicidal risk in students, to help validate the seriousness of their needs. Future research is needed for studies to investigate these barriers in more Eastern populations, as well as by utilising a qualitative research approach.
Prospection and delay of gratification support the development of calculated reciprocity
Authors: Grueneisen Sebastian , Leimgruber Kristin , Vogt Randi L. , Warneken Felix
Published: March 2023

Humans frequently benefit others strategically to elicit future cooperation. While such forms of calculated reciprocity are powerful in eliciting cooperative behaviors even among self-interested agents, they depend on advanced cognitive and behavioral capacities such as prospection (representing and planning for future events) and extended delay of gratification. In fact, it has been proposed that these constraints help explain why calculated reciprocity exists in humans and is rare or even absent in other animals. The current study investigated the cognitive foundation of calculated reciprocity by examining its ontogenetic emergence in relation to key aspects of children’s cognitive development. Three-to-five-year-old children from the US (N = 72, mostly White, from mixed socioeconomic backgrounds) first completed a cognitive test battery assessing the cognitive capacities hypothesized to be foundational for calculated reciprocity. In a second session, children participated in a calculated reciprocity task in which they could decide how many resources to share with a partner who later had the opportunity to reciprocate (reciprocity condition) and with a partner who could not reciprocate (control condition). Results indicated a steep developmental emergence of calculated reciprocity between 3 and 5 years of age. Further analyses showed that measures of delay of gratification and prospection were important predictors of children’s rate of calculated reciprocity, even when controlling for age and after including a measure of verbal ability. By contrast, theory of mind abilities were unrelated to children’s reciprocal behavior. This is the first systematic investigation of essential cognitive capacities for calculated reciprocity. We discuss prospection and delay of gratification as two domain-general capacities that are utilized for calculated reciprocity and which could explain developmental as well as species-differences in cooperation.
Assessment of factors influencing operating time during retrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stone in tertiary care hospital of Nepal
Authors: Kasaju Atul , Baidya Jagdish Lal , Batajoo Rajesh , Shrestha Binod , Yadav Chandra Shekhar , Alam Nasim
Published: March 2023

Retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) is an effective and safe method for the management of intrarenal stone showing high stone-free rates. Its main advantage is decrease in operative morbidity for the patient, as well as a faster recovery. The current study aimed to study the factors influencing operating time during retrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stone in tertiary care hospital. It is an observational descriptive cross sectional study using purposive sampling method which was conducted among 188 patients who underwent retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) for management of nephrolithiasis in Department of Urology of B&B hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. The baseline information of the factors affecting operating time were obtained like age, gender, site of renal stone, prestented or not, body mass index (BMI), ureteral access sheath (UAS) use, stone volume and stone density. The mean operating time was high in renal stone with calcium ammonium urate composition. On linear regression analysis, operative times significantly increased with greater stone volumes and also pre-stenting and ureteral access sheath use did significantly difference on operative time. It revealed stone volume to be the most significant predictor of operative time. Thus, the present study provides valuable information regarding the factors influencing operating time during retrograde intrarenal surgery for renal stone.
Knowledge and practice regarding myocardial infarction prevention among the visitors of Manmohan Cardio-Thoracic Vascular and Transplant Center, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Jyotsana , Sapkota Abja , Piya Nebina , Gachhadhar Rashmi , Dhakal Krishna
Published: March 2023

Myocardial infarction the most common form of coronary heart disease is a growing health issue in developing countries. The number and magnitude of the disease is expected to grow without awareness and preventive interventions. Therefore, this study was carried out to find out knowledge and practice regarding myocardial infarction prevention among the visitors of cardiac center. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted among 278 patient’s visitors attending Manmohan Cardio-Thoracic Vascular and Transplant Centre from June 2021-August 2021. The selection of the study area and data collection was done using Convenient sampling technique. SPSS version 16 was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics such as median, frequency and inferential statistics such as chi-square tests were used. The study revealed over 2/5th (42.8%) of respondents were between age group of 41-50 years. Majority (92.1%) were literate among which over a third (37.5%) had secondary level of education. The practice of blood pressure measurement, blood sugar and blood cholesterol measurement was reported by 76.1%, 59.1% and 31.4% respectively. Level of knowledge was adequate in 24.2% of respondents. Significant association was found between level of knowledge and sex (P=0.015), religion (P=0.009), occupation (P=0.017), and literacy status (P=0.001). Level of knowledge was found to be adequate in low percentage of the respondents. As myocardial infarction is a trending non-communicable disease, nationally there is the necessity of conducting extensive health awareness program, campaigns regarding its prevention.
The predictivity of serum biochemical markers in acute biliary pancreatitis
Authors: Baral Ram Krishna , Shrestha Ramila , Thapa Bhawesh , Khanal Kiran Kumar
Published: March 2023

Acute pancreatitis (AP) is the most common gastrointestinal disease requiring hospital admission. Among the etiology of AP gallstones (45%) and alcohol abuse (20%) are the most frequent causes of AP. Sixty-nine patients of AP who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated from July 2021- June 2022. The predictivity of serum biochemical marker alanine transaminase (ALT) in acute biliary pancreatitis and the mean serum biochemical markers (ALT, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, amylase and lipase level) in AP were evaluated. Total 69 patients with the diagnosis of AP were included. Forty-six (66.7%) were male and twenty-three (33.3%) were female out of which 12 (17.3%) were diagnosed as biliary pancreatitis and 57 (82.7%) had non-biliary pancreatitis. In non-biliary pancreatitis there were 41 male and 16 females. Non-biliary pancreatitis was more common in male and biliary pancreatitis was more common in female. There was no significant difference in mean levels of amylase in biliary and non-biliary pancreatitis (i.e. in non-biliary pancreatitis; mean ± SD = 387.14 ± 419.53, in biliary pancreatitis mean ± SD = 535.5 ± 533.51, p-value= 0.235 >0.05), the mean lipase was not significantly different in biliary and non-biliary pancreatitis (i.e.in non biliary pancreatitis; mean ± SD=1287.75±894.37, in biliary pancreatitis mean ± SD =1666.41 ± 1150.47, p-value =0.289 > 0.05). There was a significant difference seen among the mean levels of all other parameters (Bilirubin T&D, ALT, AST and ALP) the mean was found to be significant in biliary and non-biliary pancreatitis (i.e. p-value=0.000<0.05). Liver function test mainly ALT may predict biliary etiology of AP.
Prophylactic role of Timolol to prevent rise of intraocular pressure after Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy
Authors: Kausar Neyaz , Thapa Kamala , Joshi Leesha Shrestha
Published: March 2023

This study was conducted to know the effectiveness of topical 0.5% timolol maleate for the intraocular pressure rise after Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy. Ninety-six eyes of 92 patients undergoing Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy were randomly selected for pretreatment with topical 0.5% timolol maleate, 48 patients (Group A) or control 48 patients (Group B). The mean IOP of the group A was 14.8±3.0 mmHg before capsulotomy and 15.7±3.4 mmHg after capsulotomy (P >0.05), whereas 15.1±3.3 mmHg and 17.2±4.3 mmHg (P <0.05) of the group B. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups with regard to mean IOP before capsulotomy (P >0.05), but statistically significant difference between two groups after capsulotomy (P <0.05). Pretreatment with topical 0.5% timolol maleate is effective in preventing IOP elevation after Nd-YAG laser posterior capsulotomy.
Estimation of gestational age specific amniotic fluid index in normal pregnancy in Nepalese women
Authors: Acharya Riwaz , Kayastha Rumita , Pradhan Sunil , Tuladhar Abhushan Siddhi , Shrestha Amit , Rajbhandari Nikita
Published: March 2023

Amniotic fluid volume (AFV) is estimated in almost all the antenatal scans referred for ultrasonography (USG). It has proven to be a very good predictor for poor pregnancy outcomes. Several standard text books have quoted normal range of amniotic fluid index (AFI). These reference range may not be applicable to all the population as over the years different studies have shown that it varies among different population. Since such variations has been postulated, our aim is to formulate a reference range of gestational age specific AFI in normal pregnancy among Nepalese women. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was carried out among 537 normal pregnancies who attended the out-patient department of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital. Women with any maternal and fetal complications were excluded from the study. Subsequently median, the 5th, 50th and the 95th percentile values were calculated for each gestational week and were compared with studies among other population. Among the 537 women enrolled in the study, the mean maternal age was 26.5 years with the estimated fetal weight (EFW) at term pregnancy ranged from 2372 grams to 3750 grams with the mean being 3261 grams. The mean AFI at preterm was found to be 12.6 cm ± 2.36 and at term 11.0 cm ± 2.82. The percentiles values for first to 99th percentile of the entire data was calculated and the normal range of the AFI was estimated to be between 6 – 17 cm. As studies have shown the variance in AFI range among different population. It is imperative to formulate a reference of AFI among different population. In our study we found they are lower as compared to the Caucasian population, similar to Indian population and higher than the Chinese population.
Prevalence of Michel’s Type 1 hepatic arterial anatomy on CT angiography in Nepalese population
Authors: Shrestha Amit , Pun Bishika , Shrestha Subodh , Sah Simant , Pradhan Sunil , Tuladhar Abhushan Siddhi , Acharya Riwaz
Published: March 2023

Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT), with an accuracy of 95-100%, is the modality of choice for preoperative assessment of hepatic artery anatomy in this era of modern hepatic surgeries. Celiac trunk is the first anterior branch of the abdominal aorta and trifurcates into left gastric, splenic, and common hepatic artery which branches into gastroduodenal and proper hepatic artery which then divides into right, middle and left hepatic arteries. Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) originates from abdominal aorta one centimeter below the celiac trunk. This “classic” anatomy pattern is seen only in approximately 61.3% of patients. This study aims at establishing prevalence of hepatic artery anatomical variations on MDCT in Nepalese population since such study has not been published in context of Nepal yet. Cross-sectional descriptive study was performed on MDCT images of all patients undergoing CT abdomen and pelvis with angiography between November 2018 and October 2022 (four years) at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital. The Type of variation was categorized according to Michel’s classification. The values were further grouped under male and female categories. Data obtained was compiled and analyzed using SPSS 16. Out of 504 patients, 258 were males (51.2%) and 246 were females (48.8%). Youngest was nine years and the eldest was 93 years old with mean age of 48.1 years. The commonest variation was Michel’s Type 1, seen in 371 (73.6%) followed by Type 2 in 61 patients (12.1%) and Type 3 in 46 (9.1%). Type 4 was seen in 11 patients (2.2%) and Type 5 variant in nine patients (1.8%). Only one patient each had Type 6 and 7 (0.2 % each). Two had Type 9 (0.4%). We did not find Type 8 and 10. Statistically significant difference between male and female was found only in Type 2 with females having higher prevalence. Two patients showed celiac trunk and SMA arising from single celiomesenteric trunk of abdominal aorta, accounting for 0.4% of total cases which was tabled under unclassified category. MDCT is excellent modality to depict normal and variant hepatic arterial anatomy. Michel’s Type 1 is the commonest hepatic arterial anatomy variant and should be considered as normal “classic” pattern.
Largest dengue outbreak (2022) in Nepal
Authors: Rai Shiba Kumar , Rai Junu Richhinbung
Published: March 2023

Dengue virus infection, transmitted by Aedes aegypti (also by Ae. albopictus) mosquito, is an increasing health problem. The number of dengue cases has increased over eight-fold over the last two decades, from 505,430 cases in 2000, to over 2.4 milli on in 2010, and 5.2 million in 2019 with deaths accounting in thousands. Currently, 3.9 billion people in 129 countries mainly in Asian countries are at the risk of dengue infection. Most of the new cases are reported from Brazil, Vietnam, Indonesia, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and others. First case of dengue was reported from Nepal in 2004 and in 2006 a small outbreak was reported with 32 cases throughout the country. In Nepal, dengue epidemic occurred in 2010, 2013, 2016, 2017, and 2019; of them 2019 epidemic was largest one with reported 17,992 cases. This year (2022) largest outbreak occurred with a total of 54,784 cases recorded from all 77 districts in 7 provinces. Of the 7 provinces Bagmati Province was hardest hit (77.4%) followed by Lumbini Province (9.2%), Province 1 (4.2%), Gandaki Province (3.6%), Sudur Pashchim Province (2.5%), Madhesh Province (1.8%) and Karnali Province (1.2%). Most of the patients were aged 15-59 years and slightly more than half were males. Of the four serotypes existed in Nepal, DENV-1 DENV-2 and DENV-3 were common this year’s outbreak (DENV-1 was predominant: 57.1%). This demands a precise mapping of dengue through integrated disease surveillance and evaluation of the dynamics of population-level immunity on evidence-based policy-making in days to come.
Relativismus dolní i horní hranice aktivního trampování nositelů české trampské subkultury
Authors: Altman Karel
Published: March 2023

The bearers of Czech tramping, which arose more than a century ago and has undergone an extremely remarkable development, have always been primarily young men, to a lesser extent female. Their active hiking had lower and upper boundaries. While the lower limit was relatively strictly determined by reaching the age of majority, that is to say,the age of fifteen, the upper limit (that is, thepartial or definitive end of tramping activity and affiliation with the tramp community) was rather relative. The study focuses on covering the range of these cut-off points of active tramping, which were mostly identical to major life milestones (entry into basic military service, starting a professional career, entry into marriage, parenthood, or even death).
Redesign of Anaerobic-Aerobic Biofilter for Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant In Textile Industry
Authors: Handriyono Rachmanu Eko , Rukmi Amelia Kencana
Published: March 2023

One of the textile industries in Pasuruan already has a Domestic Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) with a capacity of 35 m3 /day. The treatment process combined physical, chemical, and biological processes using an anaerobic-aerobic biofilter. The domestic WWTP consists of a collection tank, equalization tank, anaerobic-aerobic biofilter tank, a filtration tank, and a chlorination tank. Existing conditions indicate that the domestic wastewater generated exceeds the capacity of the WWTP. Additional employees become one of the factors causing the increase in domestic wastewater discharge. Inadequate capacity has forced the company to bypass domestic waste into rivers. This biofilter was chosen because it could reduce high BOD values, have low operating costs, and operate efficiently. The anaerobic-aerobic biofilter reactor consists of a pre-settling tank, anaerobic tank, aerobic tank, and final settling tank. The evaluation results denoted that detention time in pre-settling, anaerobic, and settling units did not meet the design criteria. Thus, changing the design according to the design criteria. The redesign result of the anaerobic biofilter includes the pre-settling tank with a diameter of 2,5 m and a length of 3 m, an anaerobic tank with a diameter of 2,5 m and a length of 15 m, so that the total volume in the anaerobic reactor is 88.3 m3 . Then anaerobic bath with a diameter of 2,5 m and a length of 6 m and a final settling tank with a diameter of 2,5 m and a length of 1,5 m so that the total volume in the aerobic biofilter reactor is 36,7 m3 .
Study comparison P-Delta Effect analysis depends on height variation of the building
Authors: Istiono Heri , Susanti Eka , Propika Jaka , Ramadhan Azhar Yusuf
Published: March 2023

Indonesia is an area where three active plates meet, so many areas are prone to earthquakes. To anticipate this and minimize casualties due to earthquakes, earthquake-resistant buildings are needed. Earthquake resistant buildings are the most important thing that needs to be considered, a building structure must be designed to be able to withstand lateral loads such as earthquakes within the limits set by the code/standard. The result of the earthquake load will produce an additional effect on the multi-storey building, namely the P-Delta effect. In this study, the effect of these effects will be analyzed on non-rise buildings and high-rise buildings. Analysis of the P-Delta effect will be calculated on the modeling of three buildings for non-rise buildings (Building models A, B and C) and three highrise building models (Building models D, E and F) and get the results that the P-Delta Effect has an impact on changes structural performance level in Model E Building (56 meters) from Immediate Occupancy to Life Safety
Design Exploration of Bamboo Micro House using Hyperbolic Paraboloid Structure
Authors: Nareswarananindya Nareswarananindya , Laksono Sigit Hadi , Ramadhani Annisa Nur
Published: March 2023

Limited land is a major problem in big cities, which has a direct impact on increasing land prices and low level of affordability. Micro house concept can be a solution to this problem. Planning a bamboo micro house with local materials can be an effort to contribute to a sustainability agenda. Bamboo is a local material that is environmentally friendly, adaptive, and widely available in Indonesia. Preserved bamboo construction with certain treatments is also affordable and durable for its high sustainability impact. This paper aims to study the exploration of bamboo materials in designing micro houses that suit the needs of urban communities. The house concept is open plan, so the spaces can be used multi-functionally by taking into account the requirements of livable micro houses. The method used is the Cyclical Design Process which consists of three stages, which are analysis stage, synthesis stage, and evaluation stage which is carried out repeatedly to produce a design that is in accordance with the design criteria that have been determined. Paraboloid hyperbolic structure system is used to produce an attractive and efficient form. The development of this micro-bamboo house is expected to be useful in solving the backlog and housing affordability problems in Indonesia.
Part Consolidation and Assemblies
Authors: Yang Sheng , Zhao Yaoyao Fiona
Published: March 2023

This article focuses on two streams of the research on part consolidation (PC): PC in the conventional manufacturing context, and PC in the additive manufacturing (AM) context. It reviews the challenges of applying AM-PC potentials. The article includes research literature on the selection of part candidates for consolidation and summarizes the conversion of assembly design to consolidated design. Then, a holistic approach for supporting PC design is introduced with integrated modules of part filtering and fusion of parts. Details of the key techniques of the two modules are later introduced with a gas pedal example. Finally, emerging trends in PC research are discussed.
Simulation-Driven Design and the Role of Optimization in Design for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Panesar Ajit , Carollo Valerio , Jamal Mikdam
Published: March 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) provides exceptional design flexibility, enabling the manufacture of parts with shapes and functions not viable with traditional manufacturing processes. The two paradigms aiming to leverage computational methods to design AM parts imbuing the design-for-additive-manufacturing (DFAM) principles are design optimization (DO) and simulation-driven design (SDD). In line with the adoption of AM processes by industry and extensive research efforts in the research community, this article focuses on powder-bed fusion for metal AM and material extrusion for polymer AM. It includes detailed sections on SDD and DO as well as three case studies on the adoption of SDD, DO, and artificial-intelligence-based DFAM in real-life engineering applications, highlighting the benefits of these methods for the wider adoption of AM in the manufacturing industry.