bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frequency of Application of AmF/NaF/SnCl2 Solution and Its Potential in Controlling Human Enamel Erosion Progression: An in situ Study
Authors: da Silva C.V. , Ramos-Oliveira T.M. , Mantilla T.F. , de Freitas P.M.
Published: January 2017

Although several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution in inhibiting dental erosion progression, measures for further improvement in its effectiveness are paramount. Thus, this in situ study evaluated whether the protective effect promoted by the AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution would be enhanced by increasing its frequency of use. The study was conducted with 12 volunteers, a 4-phase (5 days each) randomized, crossover model. Extraoral erosive challenges (0.5% citric acid, pH 2.6, 6 × 2 min/day) and rinsing protocol (1 or 2 × 2 min/day) were performed. Before the in situ phase, human enamel samples were subjected to an in vitro surface softening (1% citric acid, pH 4.0, for 3 min). Four treatment protocols were tested using samples in replicas (n = 12): group G1 - deionized water (negative control); G2 - NaF solution (positive control, 500 ppm F-, pH 4.5); G3 - AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution (500 ppm F-, 800 ppm Sn2+, pH 4.5) once a day; G4 - AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution twice a day. Tissue loss and morphological changes were determined by optical profilometry (n = 12) and scanning electron microscopy (n = 3) analysis, respectively. Data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA with subsequent pairwise comparison of treatments. Tissue loss means (±SD in µm) for each treatment protocol and statistical differences were found as follows: G1 4.55 ± 2.75, G2 4.59 ± 2.13, G3 2.64 ± 1.55, and G4 1.34 ± 1.16. Although there was no difference between the 2 AmF/NaF/SnCl2 solution application regimens (once or twice a day), application of the product twice a day was the only treatment that was able to control erosion progression, differing from the control groups.
Loneliness in Older Black Adults with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is Associated with Poorer Cognition
Authors: Han S. Duke , Adeyemi Oluwatoyin , Wilson Robert S. , Leurgans Sue , Jimenez Antonio , Oullet Lawrence , Shah Raj , Landay Alan , Bennett David A. , Barnes Lisa L.
Published: January 2017

Background: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is associated with cognitive impairment, and loneliness is associated with cognitive decline in old age. Older Black adults with HIV may be at particular risk of loneliness due to stigma and lack of social resources. Objective: We tested the hypotheses that (1) older Black adults with HIV would show greater loneliness than older White adults with HIV, and (2) greater loneliness among older Black adults with HIV would be associated with poorer cognitive function. Methods: A total of 370 participants (177 with HIV, 193 without HIV; mean age 58.8 years, standard deviation 6.2 years; mean education 13.4 years, standard deviation 2.9 years; 73.9% male, 68.9% Black) in a community-based cross-sectional study of the Rush Center of Excellence on Disparities in HIV and Aging (CEDHA) completed a 5-item self-report scale used to measure emotional loneliness and a battery of cognitive measures. Results: Contrary to our expectations, older Black adults indicated less overall loneliness than White adults (β = -0.3893, SE = 0.1466, p = 0.0087) in models controlling for the effects of age, education, sex, global cognition, and income. However, in models with cognitive function as the outcome, an interaction between race and loneliness was observed, such that older Black adults who indicated greater loneliness showed poorer cognitive function relative to White adults (β = -0.2736, SE = 0.1138, p = 0.0174). Conclusion: Older Black adults with HIV reported less loneliness than older White adults; however, the inverse association between loneliness and cognitive function was stronger in Black than White older adults. Additional work is needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this interaction.
Simulated Microgravity Promotes Angiogenesis through RhoA-Dependent Rearrangement of the Actin Cytoskeleton
Authors: Shi Fei , Wang Yong-Chun , Hu Ze-Bing , Xu Hong-Yu , Sun Jing , Gao Yuan , Li Xiao-tao , Yang Chang-Bin , Xie Chao , Li Cheng-Fei , Zhang Shu , Zhao Jiang-Dong , Cao Xin-Sheng , Sun Xi-Qing
Published: January 2017

Background/aims: Microgravity leads to hydrodynamic alterations in the cardiovascular system and is associated with increased angiogenesis, an important aspect of endothelial cell behavior to initiate new vessel growth. Given the critical role of Rho GTPase-dependent cytoskeleton rearrangement in cell migration, small GTPase RhoA might play a potential role in microgravity-induced angiogenesis. Methods: We examined the organization of actin filaments by FITC-conjugated phalloidin staining, as well as the expression and activity of RhoA by quantitative PCR and Western blot, in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) under normal gravity and simulated microgravity. Effect of simulated microgravity on the wound closure and tube formation in HUVECs, and their dependence on RhoA, were also analyzed by cell migration and tube formation assays. Results: We show that in HUVECs actin filaments are disorganized and RhoA activity is reduced by simulated microgravity. Blocking RhoA activity either by C3 transferase Rho inhibitor or siRNA knockdown mimicked the effect of simulated microgravity on inducing actin filament disassembly, followed by enhanced wound closure and tube formation in HUVECs, which closely resembled effects seen on microgravity-treated cells. In contrast, overexpressing RhoA in microgravity-treated HUVECs restored the actin filaments, and decreased wound closure and tube formation abilities. Conclusion: These results suggest that RhoA inactivation is involved in the actin rearrangement-associated angiogenic responses in HUVECs during simulated microgravity.
Potential Regulators Driving the Transition in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: a Stage-Based View
Authors: Lou Yi , Chen Yi-Dan , Sun Fu-Rong , Shi Jun-Ping , Song Yu , Yang Jin
Published: January 2017

Background and Aim: The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), ranging from mild steatosis to hepatocellular injury and inflammation, increases with the rise of obesity. However, the implications of transcription factors network in progressive NAFLD remain to be determined. Methods: A co-regulatory network approach by combining gene expression and transcription influence was utilized to dissect transcriptional regulators in different NAFLD stages. In vivo, mice models of NAFLD were used to investigate whether dysregulated expression be undertaken by transcriptional regulators. Results: Through constructing a large-scale co-regulatory network, sample-specific regulator activity was estimated. The combinations of active regulators that drive the progression of NAFLD were identified. Next, top regulators in each stage of NAFLD were determined, and the results were validated using the different experiments and bariatric surgical samples. In particular, Adipocyte enhancer-binding protein 1 (AEBP1) showed increased transcription activity in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Further characterization of the AEBP1 related transcription program defined its co-regulators, targeted genes, and functional organization. The dynamics of AEBP1 and its potential targets were verified in an animal model of NAFLD. Conclusions: This study identifies putative functions for several transcription factors in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and may thus point to potential targets for therapeutic interventions.
Surgical Management of a Patient with Anterior Megalophthalmos, Lens Subluxation, and a High Risk of Retinal Detachment
Authors: Guixeres Esteve María Carmen , Pardo Saiz Augusto Octavio , Martínez-Costa Lucía , González-Ocampo Dorta Samuel , Sanz Solana Pedro
Published: January 2017

The early development of lens opacities and lens subluxation are the most common causes of vision loss in patients with anterior megalophthalmos (AM). Cataract surgery in such patients is challenging, however, because of anatomical abnormalities. Intraocular lens dislocation is the most common postoperative complication. Patients with AM also seem to be affected by a type of vitreoretinopathy that predisposes them to retinal detachment. We here present the case of a 36-year-old man with bilateral AM misdiagnosed as simple megalocornea. He had a history of amaurosis in the right eye due to retinal detachment. He presented with vision loss in the left eye due to lens subluxation. Following the removal of the subluxated lens, it was deemed necessary to perform a vitrectomy in order to prevent retinal detachment. Seven months after surgery, an Artisan® Aphakia iris-claw lens was implanted in the anterior chamber. Fifteen months of follow-up data are provided.
Lipopeptide-Induced Suicidal Erythrocyte Death Correlates with the Degree of Acylation
Authors: Al Mamun Bhuyan Abdulla , Nguyen Minh-Thu , Bissinger Rosi , Götz Friedrich , Lang Florian
Published: January 2017

Background/Aims: Consequences of bacterial infection include anemia, which could result from stimulation of suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis, characterized by cell shrinkage and cell membrane scrambling with phosphatidylserine translocation to the erythrocyte surface. Bacterial components known to stimulate eryptosis include lipopeptides. Signaling mediating the triggering of eryptosis include increased cytosolic Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i), oxidative stress and cellular accumulation of ceramide. The present study aimed to define the molecular requirements for lipopeptide-induced cell membrane scrambling. Methods: Human erythrocytes were incubated for 48 hours in the absence and presence of 1 or 5 µg/ml of the synthetic lipopeptides Pam1 (lipopeptide with one fatty acid), Pam2 (lipopeptide with two fatty acids), or Pam3 (lipopeptide with three fatty acids). In the following phosphatidylserine exposure at the cell surface was estimated from annexin-V-binding, cell volume from forward scatter, [Ca2+]i from Fluo3-fluorescence, ROS formation from DCF dependent fuorescence, and ceramide abundance utilizing specific antibodies. Results: Pam1 (5 µg/ml), Pam2 (5 µg/ml) and Pam3 (1 and 5 µg/ml) significantly increased the percentage of annexin-V-binding to erythrocytes in a dose dependent manner, which was largely independent of Ca2+. Pam1-3 increased the percentage of both, swollen and shrunken erythrocytes without significantly modifying the average forward scatter. They also increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ceramide abundance. In all assays the effect on eryptosis increased with increasing number of fatty acids, with Pam3 showing always the strongest effect. In contrast, a comparison of the effect of Pam1-3 on TLR2 dependent immune stimulation showed that not Pam3 but Pam2 displayed the strongest activity, and that immune stimulation was triggered at much lower concentrations than eryptosis. Conclusions: Lipopeptides are not only important activators of the immune system; at higher concentrations they also drive host cells into apoptosis thus aggravating a bacterial infection.
Eduardo Neira Alva e o Brasil: aproximações, reflexões e propostas para a habitação social e o planejamento urbano em tempos de esperança, 1965-1974
Authors: Espinoza José Carlos Huapaya
Published: January 2017

A atuação de profissionais latino-americanos realizada nos próprios países latino-americanos é, ainda, um tema pouco explorado pela historiografia especializada. A partir desse panorama, podemos levantar os seguintes questionamentos: qual o papel dos profissionais latino-americanos na construção das cidades latino-americanas? Qual o aporte e ressonância local dos profissionais latino-americanos que atuaram e circularam por vários países do continente? O presente artigo tem como objetivo balizar a contribuição profissional de Eduardo Neira Alva no Brasil entre 1965 e 1974, período o qual esteve vinculado ao BID e ao Governo do Estado de Bahia permitindo-lhe elaborar uma série de estudos e projetos na Região Metropolitana de Salvador.
Desaparecimento no Mar
Authors: Rodrigues Rodrigo Freitas
Published: January 2017

O presente texto investiga a relação entre tempo e imagem a partir de alguns trabalhos da artista inglesa Tacita Dean. Sabemos que a imagem, com seu ritmo intermitente de desaparecimentos e sobrevivências nos apresenta um presente mantido em suspensão e povoado de múltiplos passados. Entretanto, o que se vislumbra é uma projeção sobre as lacunas e os restos da história, ou seja, é sob o signo da ausência que a imagem se funda. Consciente disso, Dean investiga a nossa cultura da obsolescência explorando temas como as ruínas arquitetônicas, os resquícios do passado e da história e também a própria memória. Ao fazer uso de tecnologias obsoletas em seu processo de trabalho, a artista indaga sobre a natureza da imagem e sua relação intrínseca com o tempo.
Historiografia Audiovisual: a história do cinema escrita pelos filmes
Authors: Melo Luís Rocha
Published: January 2017

Este artigo objetiva apresentar o trabalho desenvolvido pelo Grupo Historiografia Audiovisual (UFJF), que tem como foco o estudo de filmes que apresentem como tema o próprio cinema. Nosso percurso tem início com a pesquisa em andamento Historiografia audiovisual do cinema no Brasil; em seguida, estabeleço relações entre o meu trabalho como realizador e o conceito de historiografia audiovisual; por fim, trago dois estudos de caso, o primeiro sobre Panorama do cinema brasileiro (Jurandyr Noronha, 1968) e o segundo comparando Carnaval Atlântida (José Carlos Burle, 1953) e La dama de las camelias (José Bohr, 1947, Chile).
Fotografia e arquitetura: invenção e modernidade
Authors: Fernandes Junior Rubens
Published: January 2017

Resenha do livro "Monumentalidade e Sombra - o centro cívico de Brasília por Marcel Gautherot, de Heloisa Espada, editora Annablume e Fapesp.
RE-TRATOS-VISUALES
Authors: Larranãga Altuna Josu
Published: January 2017

En la medida en que atendemos el nuevo magma visual en el que habitamos y el tipo de formalizaciones que lo representan, se hace más evidente la condición contingente de la idea de imagen y su relación con los apriorismos históricos que conforman el mirar y el ver como experiencias complejas en cada período.Este artículo trata de acercarnos a la caracterización escópica de la actual sociedad de redes y a las complejas y diversas relaciones operadas entre la experiencia visual, su representación en figuras o estampas y su conversión en imágenes. Se procura poner de manifiesto lo que aparece como un nuevo trato con lo visual, que se produce desde la fricción de diversos agenciamientos, históricos, maquínicos, sociales, etc. (lo que podemos entender como un re-trato), y hacerlo a través de la confrontación de diversas maneras de concebir y construir al sujeto y a su figura (lo que entendemos como retrato).Para ello se traza un somero recorrido arqueológico por algunas prácticas cotidianas que tratan las imágenes en diferentes contextos, y se le confronta con propuestas artísticas que problematizan la mirada hoy.
“Ficção corrói fato”: uma introdução aos escritos de Bruce Nauman
Authors: Benetti Liliane
Published: January 2017

Inicia-se uma nova seção na Ars dedicada aos escritos de artista com cinco textos de Bruce Nauman, traduzidos no âmbito de uma pesquisa acadêmica sobre a obra do artista. A escrita de Nauman é intrínseca à produção e, em lugar de explicá-la, reforça seus aspectos ambíguos. As palavras, escritas ou faladas, compartilham a mesma natureza dos demais materiais empregados nos trabalhos, isto é, são tratadas como matérias-primas sob inspeção.
Anotações sobre o nascimento da gravura de estampa (mestres anônimos)
Authors: Mubarac Claudio
Published: January 2017

Essay on the birth of printmaking in Europe in the XV century when the construction of artificer/artist notion and the crafts authority was still doubtful in the workshops. It also investigate the relations between prints and drawings in specular motion
“Exílio artístico” e fracasso profissional: artistas brasileiros em Nova Iorque nas décadas de 1960 e 1970
Authors: Jaremtchuk Dária
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir o fluxo dos artistas visuais brasileiros para os Estados Unidos nas décadas de 1960 e 1970 como um fenômeno coletivo complexo, aqui denominado de “exílio artístico”. Para a análise, considera-se que houve um aumento do campo de influências dos Estados Unidos no meio das artes e da cultura brasileira que atraiu os artistas para aquele país. Apesar dos dispositivos de atração, a cena nova-iorquina não se tornou por isso mais inclusiva e aberta para os que lá chegaram, transformando o “exílio artístico” em uma experiência de fracasso profissional para muitos que o viveram
Ritual and violence - vigil by the 111, by Nuno Ramos
Authors: Rufinoni Priscila Rossinetti
Published: January 2017

This article aims to analyze the works of Nuno Ramos 111 (1992), Their day – 24 hours 111 (2012) e 111, a vigil (2016). The works show the great massacre carried out by the police inside the Carandiru detention house in 1992. The analysis of the images and artworks aims to show the antagonisms of the Brazilian State of Law.
Re-sighting record of Fulvous Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros fulvus Gray, 1838 (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) from Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India
Authors: Dookia Sumit , Singh Gajendra , Mishra Rajlakshmi
Published: January 2017

Here we report re-sighting records of the Fulvous Leaf-nosed Bat Hipposideros fulvus after a gap of almost four decades (37 years), from Rajasthan, India, on the basis of two male specimens collected from a cave dwelling colony of about 20 individuals from Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.  This species has been once reported in 1979 from a man-made tunnel in Mandore Garden in Jodhpur and later the same sighting information was re-quoted by several researchers.  The present sighting from a new locality and the voucher specimen confirms the re-sighting of this species after a long gap.
Bibliography and checklist of the dragonflies and damselflies of Bhutan
Authors: Gyeltshen T. , Nidup T. , Dorji P. , Dorji T. , Kalkman V. J.
Published: January 2017

An overview is given of literature containing distribution records of dragonflies and damselflies in Bhutan.  Based on this an annotated checklist is presented which contains 92 species.  Camacinia gigantea (Brauer, 1867) and Libellago lineata (Burmeister, 1839) are listed as new to Bhutan.
Record number of Yellow-billed Oxpeckers Buphagus africanus Linnaeus, 1766 (Aves: Passeriformes: Buphagidae) foraging on a single host
Authors: Verissimo Diogo , Cugnière Jean-Christophe , Cugnière Suzanne , Cugnière Julien , Cugnière Géraldine , Cugnière Laure
Published: January 2017

In June 2016, we observed a group of Yellow-billed Oxpeckers foraging on a single male Giraffe, in the Savuti area of Chobe National Park, Botswana.  From photographic evidence we estimate the Oxpecker group numbered between 51 and 60, the highest number on record for a single host.
Clinical Outcome of Double Kissing Crush Versus Provisional Stenting of Coronary Artery Bifurcation Lesions
Authors: Chen Shao-Liang , Santoso Teguh , Zhang Jun-Jie , Ye Fei , Xu Ya-Wei , Fu Qiang , Kan Jing , Zhang Feng-Fu , Zhou Yong , Xie Du-Jiang , Kwan Tak W.
Published: January 2017

Background—

Provisional stenting is effective for anatomic simple bifurcation lesions. Double kissing crush stenting reduces the 1-year rate of target lesion revascularization. This study aimed to investigate the 5-year clinical results of the DKCRUSH-II study (Randomized Study on Double Kissing Crush Technique Versus Provisional Stenting Technique for Coronary Artery Bifurcation Lesions).

Methods and Results—

A total of 370 patients with coronary bifurcation lesions who were randomly assigned to either the double kissing crush or provisional stenting group in the DKCRUSH-II study were followed for 5 years. The primary end point was the occurrence of a major adverse cardiac event at 5 years. Patients were classified by simple and complex bifurcation lesions according to the DEFINITION criteria (Definitions and Impact of Complex Bifurcation Lesions on Clinical Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Using Drug-Eluting Stents). At 5 years, the major adverse cardiac event rate (23.8%) in the provisional stenting group was insignificantly different to that of the double kissing group (15.7%;
P
=0.051). However, the difference in the target lesion revascularization rate between 2 groups was sustained through the 5-year follow-up (16.2% versus 8.6%;
P
=0.027). The definite and probable stent thrombosis rate was 2.7% in each group (
P
=1.0). Complex bifurcation was associated with a higher rate of target lesion revascularization (21.6%) at 5 years compared with 11.1% in patients with a simple bifurcation (
P
=0.037), with an extremely high rate in the provisional stenting group (36.8% versus 12.5%,
P
=0.005) mainly because of final kissing balloon inflation (19.4% versus 5.2%;
P
=0.036).

Conclusions—

The double kissing crush stenting technique for coronary bifurcation lesions is associated with a lower rate of target lesion revascularization. The optimal stenting approach based on the lesions’ complexity may improve the revascularization for patients with complex bifurcations.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.chictr.org
. Unique identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-0000015.
Retinol-Binding Protein-Dependent Cholesterol Uptake Regulates Macrophage Foam Cell Formation and Promotes Atherosclerosis
Authors: Liu Yan , Zhong Yuan , Chen Hongen , Wang Duan , Wang Min , Ou Jing-Song , Xia Min
Published: January 2017

Background:

Retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) is an adipokine that plays decisive roles in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Elevated circulating RBP4 levels were reported to be associated with increased risk for cardiovascular disease, but the precise role of RBP4 in atherosclerotic diseases and its mechanisms of action remain elusive.

Methods:

Serum RBP4 levels of 1683 participants from South China were evaluated and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events was followed up for 5 years. Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice infected with RBP4-overexpressing/silencing adenovirus, J774A.1 macrophages, and primary peritoneal macrophages from RBP4 transgenic mice were used for investigating the function of RBP4 in foam cell formation.

Results:

Prospective cohort studies revealed that baseline serum RBP4 level was an independent predictor for incidence of adverse cardiovascular events after adjustment for traditional risk factors. Increased RBP4 expression was observed in atherosclerotic lesions of aortic specimens from both humans and apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, and RBP4 was localized to areas rich in macrophage foam cells. RBP4 inhibition attenuated whereas overexpression accelerated atherosclerosis progression in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Both treatment with exogenous recombinant RBP4 and overexpression of RBP4 gene promoted macrophage-derived foam cell formation through the activation of scavenger-receptor CD36-mediated cholesterol uptake, and RBP4 transcriptionally upregulated CD36 expression in a manner dependent on jun N-terminal kinase and signal transducer and activator of transcription 1. The tyrosine kinase c-Src was identified as the upstream regulator of jun N-terminal kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1-mediated CD36-dependent cholesterol uptake, and RBP4 challenge was found to alter the membrane distribution of c-Src and cause c-Src to partition into lipid-raft membrane subdomains, where the kinase was activated. Lastly, Toll-like receptor 4, but not retinol or stimulated by retinoic acid 6, mediated the inductive effects of RBP4 in macrophages.

Conclusions:

Inclusion of RBP4 levels in traditional models enhances the predictive ability for the incidence of atherosclerotic events. RBP4 promotes atherogenesis by inducing macrophage-derived foam cell formation.
Procalcitonin and Midregional Proatrial Natriuretic Peptide as Biomarkers of Subclinical Cerebrovascular Damage
Authors: Katan Mira , Moon Yeseon , von Eckardstein Arnold , Spanaus Kathartina , DeRosa Janet , Gutierrez Jose , DeCarli Charles , Wright Clinton , Sacco Ralph , Elkind Mitchell
Published: January 2017

Background and Purpose—

Chronic infections and cardiac dysfunction are risk factors for stroke. We hypothesized that blood biomarkers of infection (procalcitonin) and cardiac dysfunction (midregional proatrial natriuretic peptide [MR-proANP]), previously associated with small vessel stroke and cardioembolic stroke are also associated with subclinical cerebrovascular damage, including silent brain infarcts and white matter hyperintensity volume.

Methods—

The NOMAS (Northern Manhattan Study) was designed to assess risk factors for incident vascular disease in a multiethnic cohort. A subsample underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging and had blood samples available for biomarker measurement (n=1178). We used logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for the association of these biomarkers with silent brain infarcts after adjusting for demographic, behavioral, and medical risk factors. We used linear regression to assess associations with log-white matter hyperintensity volume.

Results—

Mean age was 70±9 years; 60% were women, 66% Hispanic, 17% black, and 15% were white. After adjusting for risk factors, subjects with procalcitonin or MR-proANP in the top quartile, compared with the lowest quartile were more likely to have silent brain infarcts (adjusted odds ratio for procalcitonin, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.3–3.7 and for MR-proANP, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.7–6.3) and increased white matter hyperintensity volume (adjusted mean change in log-white matter hyperintensity volume for procalcitonin, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.13–0.44 and for MR-proANP, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.004–0.36).

Conclusions—

Higher concentrations of procalcitonin, a marker of infection, and MR-proANP, a marker of cardiac dysfunction, are independently associated with subclinical cerebrovascular damage. If further studies demonstrate an incremental value for risk stratification, biomarker-guided primary prevention studies may lead to new approaches to prevent cerebrovascular disease.
Et in Theocrito ego . . .
Authors: Kossaifi Christine
Published: January 2017

In the bucolic world, as conceived by Theocritus in some of hisIdylls, death is rarely present; thus it is all the more important when it is. In this paper I argue that death has an existential and a generic meaning. The disappearance of all people, from a beloved one to the learned poet, cannot be avoided but is paradoxically a means of ἁσυχία, an ideal way of life fundamental to Theocritus’ bucolic world. In its conflict with Mnemosyne, death gives birth to a metapoetic reflexion on the bucolic genre, on the poetic creation and the poetic reception and is thus an essential link for continuing and renewing bucolic tradition.
What Is Market Manipulation?
Authors: Bergþórsson Andri Fannar
Published: January 2017

The Market Abuse Regulation (MAR) entered into force in 2016 within the European Union, which introduced a fully harmonized ban on market manipulation. Even though the regulation is quite detailed, the terms used to define market manipulation are relatively vague and open-ended.

In What Is Market Manipulation? Dr. Andri Fannar Bergþórsson offers unique insight to and an interpretation of the concept of market manipulation, which includes an analysis of case law from the Nordic countries. The aim of the book is to clarify the concept as described in MAR and to provide readers some guidelines to distinguish between lawful behaviour and market manipulation (the unlawful behaviour). Dr. Andri Fannar convincingly argues that misinformation is an essential element of all forms of market manipulation.
New species and records in the fern genus Didymoglossum for the flora of Seychelles, with notes on the Southeast Asian D. motleyi complex (Hymenophyllaceae)
Authors: SENTERRE BRUNO , ROUHAN GERMINAL , MOREL CHARLES , DUBUISSON JEAN-YVES
Published: January 2017

The fern flora of the Seychelles archipelago remains relatively poorly known. Recent projects involving the development of the Seychelles National Herbarium and study of key biodiversity areas have resulted in extensive explorations of the ferns on the granitic islands. Historical literature, newly collected specimens and older collections have been revised for the fern family Hymenophyllaceae as a prelude for a fern checklist, resulting in several discoveries. In Didymoglossum, specimens were found with a very unusual character: exsert sori. Revision of the specimens, including phylogenetic analyses, revealed that these belong to two distinct species: Didymoglossum beccarianum comb. nov. (until now only known from Southeast Asia) and a new species endemic to Seychelles, which is described as D. beaverianum below. The exact identity of the Southeast Asian species required to review a complex of species previously considered synonymous to D. motleyi. As a result, we propose a taxonomic hypothesis where Didymoglossum motleyi is in fact known from the type only (from Borneo); D. beccarianum includes the synonyms Trichomanes cognatum, T. sayeri and T. minutissimum and is widely distributed from Seychelles to the western Pacific Ocean and finally Didymoglossum (Trichomanes) cultratum comb. nov., which is maintained as a separate species (endemic to Fiji and known from the type only). We conclude by emphasizing the main diagnostic characters in this complex of species, including characters that have been neglected in the past.
Pinguicula pygmaea (Lentibulariaceae), a new annual gypsicolous species from Oaxaca State, Mexico
Authors: RIVADAVIA FERNANDO , READ EDWARD LLOYD , FLEISCHMANN ANDREAS
Published: January 2017

Pinguicula pygmaea (Lentibulariaceae), a new species from the Sierra Madre del Sur of western Oaxaca, Mexico is described and illustrated. The morphological characteristics distinguishing this new species from other similar species are discussed, together with its distribution and ecology.
On the poorly known haplogynae spiders of the genus Ochyrocera Simon (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from Mexico: description of two new species with an updated identification key for Mexican species
Authors: VALDEZ-MONDRAGÓN ALEJANDRO
Published: January 2017

Two new species of the spider genus Ochyrocera Simon 1891 are described from Mexico. Ochyrocera jarocha new species was collected under rotten trunks and hollow trunks in a tropical rainforest, in San Martin Volcano, Veracruz, Mexico. Ochyrocera pojoj new species was collected in a mixed forest, under rotten trunks, in La Trinitaria, Chiapas, Mexico, which represents the third species described from the state of Chiapas. With the description of the two new species herein, six species of Ochyrocera are recorded from Mexico. An updated taxonomic identification key and a distribution map to the Mexican species are provided.
Two new species of Anatrichis LeConte (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Oodini) from Japan, with notes on the taxonomic position of Oodes infimus Andrewes
Authors: GUÉORGUIEV BORISLAV , MORITA SEIJI
Published: January 2017

Two new species of the genus Anatrichis LeConte, 1853 are described from Japan, A. morii, sp. n. (type locality: Fukuoka Prefecture, Shimotoubaru) and A. ryukyuensis, sp. n. (type locality: Okinawa Prefecture, Iriomote Island). Relevant diagnostic features of the new species are described, illustrated and compared with those of other species. A new combination is proposed: Anatrichis infima (Andrewes, 1936), comb. n. from Oodes infimus, and a lectotype designation is made for this species. The “indica” group of species is defined to include all the Asiatic congeners.
Genus Apethistis Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Autostichidae: Autostichinae) new to China, with description of four new species
Authors: WANG YUQI , WANG SHUXIA
Published: January 2017

The genus Apethistis Meyrick, 1908 is recorded for the first time in China. Four new species are described: A. sinuata sp. nov., A. uncinata sp. nov., A. dentata sp. nov., and A. triangula sp. nov. Images of adult and genitalia of the new species are provided.
Linear Error Dynamics for Turbulent Flow in Urban Street Canyons
Authors: Ngan K. , Lo K. W.
Published: January 2017

The ability to make forecasts depends on atmospheric predictability and the growth of errors. It has recently been shown that the predictability of urban boundary layers differs in important respects from that of the free atmosphere on the mesoscale and larger; in particular, nonlinearity may play a less prominent role in the error evolution. This paper investigates the applicability of linear theory to the error evolution in turbulent street-canyon flow. Using large-eddy simulation, streamwise aspect ratios between 0.15 and 1.50, and identical-twin experiments, it is shown that the growth rate of the error kinetic energy can be estimated from Eulerian averages and that linear theory provides insight into the spatial structure of the error field after saturation. The results should be applicable to cities with deep and closely spaced canyons. Implications for data assimilation and modeling are discussed.
Dynamical Downscaling of SINTEX-F2v CGCM Seasonal Retrospective Austral Summer Forecasts over Australia
Authors: Ratnam J. V. , Doi Takeshi , Behera Swadhin K.
Published: January 2017

An ensemble of 1-month-lead seasonal retrospective forecasts generated by the Scale Interaction Experiment (SINTEX)–Frontier Research Center for Global Change (FRCGC), version 2 tuned for performance on a vector supercomputer (SINTEX-F2v), coupled global circulation model (CGCM) were downscaled using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to improve the forecast of the austral summer precipitation and 2-m air temperatures over Australia. A set of four experiments was carried out with the WRF Model to improve the forecasts. The first was to drive the WRF Model with the SINTEX-F2v output, and the second was to bias correct the mean component of the SINTEX-F2v forecast and drive the WRF Model with the corrected fields. The other experiments were to use the SINTEX-F2v forecasts and the mean bias-corrected SINTEX-F2v forecasts to drive the WRF Model coupled to a simple mixed layer ocean model. Evaluation of the forecasts revealed the WRF Model driven by bias-corrected SINTEX-F2v forecasts to have a better spatial and temporal representation of forecast precipitation and 2-m air temperature, compared to SINTEX-F2v forecasts. Using a regional coupled model with the bias-corrected SINTEX-F2v forecast as the driver further improved the skill of the precipitation forecasts. The improvement in the WRF Model forecasts is due to better representation of the variables in the bias-corrected SINTEX-F2v forecasts driving the WRF Model. The study brings out the importance of including air–sea interactions and correcting the global forecasts for systematic biases before downscaling them for societal applications over Australia. These results are important for potentially improving austral summer seasonal forecasts over Australia.
Rapid Evolution of Cool Season, Low-CAPE Severe Thunderstorm Environments
Authors: King Jessica R. , Parker Matthew D. , Sherburn Keith D. , Lackmann Gary M.
Published: January 2017

Low-CAPE (i.e., CAPE ≤ 1000 J kg−1) severe thunderstorms are common in the greater southeastern United States (including the Tennessee and Ohio valleys). These events are often poorly forecasted, and the environments in which they occur may rapidly evolve. Real-data simulations of 11 low-CAPE severe events and 6 low-CAPE nonsevere events were performed at convection-allowing resolution. Some amount of surface-based destabilization occurred during all simulated events over the 3-h period prior to convection. Most simulated severe events experienced comparatively large destabilization relative to the nonsevere events as a result of surface warming, cooling aloft, and surface moistening. The release of potential instability by large-scale forcing for ascent likely influenced the cooling aloft in some cases. Surface warming was attributable primarily to warm advection and appeared to be an important discriminator between severe and nonsevere simulated events. Severe events were also found to have larger low-level wind shear than nonsevere events, particularly during nocturnal cases. Because of the rapid destabilization that occurred within 3 h in the simulated events, it is evident that 3–6-hourly model output may not be adequate for forecasting severe events in high-shear, low-CAPE environments. Monitoring of high-resolution model forecasts and surface observations may be necessary to identify a rapidly changing severe environment.
Extreme Rainstorms that Caused Devastating Flooding across the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia during November and December 2014
Authors: Hai Ooi See , Samah Azizan Abu , Chenoli Sheeba Nettukandy , Subramaniam Kumarenthiran , Ahmad Mazuki Muhammad Yunus
Published: January 2017

During the early boreal winter (northeast) monsoon (November–December), cold air frequently bursts out from intense Siberian highs toward the Chinese coast in response to the development and movement of a 500-hPa trough. The resultant strong low-level northwesterlies turn into northeasterlies across the South China Sea as “cold surges.” On interacting with the near-equatorial trough, mesoscale convective systems form north of the trough, normally giving rise to heavy downpours and severe flooding, mainly along the coastal stretch in the east coast states of Peninsular Malaysia. In November 2014, a 1-week-long episode of heavy downpours, producing more than 800 mm of rain, occurred along the coastal stretch of northeastern Peninsular Malaysia. However, during December 2014, two episodes of extreme rainfall occurred mostly over inland and mountainous areas of the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia, in particular across its northern sector. These two unusual events, which lasted a total of 11 days and delivered more than 1100 mm of precipitation, resulted in extreme and widespread flooding, as well as extensive damage, in many inland areas. Analysis shows that the stronger wind surges from the South China Sea due to very intense cold-air outbreaks of the Siberian high developed under ENSO-neutral conditions. In addition, the mesoscale convective systems that developed across the northeastern Indian Ocean (near northern Sumatra) in response to the propagation of a 500-hPa short-wave trough across the Indian subcontinent toward China were the combined factors for these unusual extreme rainfall and flooding events along the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
Children's Developing Theory of Mind
Authors: Mayes Linda C. , Cohen Donald J.
Published: January 2017

Studies from the developmental research perspective inform analytic understanding of the neuropsychological preconditions necessary for children's increasing awareness of their own and others' mental lives. Conversely, psychoanalytically informed observations of children's early development demonstrate how the child's emerging understanding of other minds is contextualized in the earliest interactions between parent and child. The notion of a gradually developing understanding of mind that becomes most evident in observational studies between 4 and 6 years of age provides a developmental context for considering children's capacity for internalization, their creation of an inner, psychic reality, and their response to therapeutic interventions during an analytic hour. Significant for psychoanalytic work with children is the suggestion that only after children are able to understand how their own and other's mental states are constructed and how such states are behind all actions and language can they then reflect upon their own thoughts and mental life. Developing a HD theory of the mind of the other integrates psychoanalytic notions of self-other differentiation, of the development of internalized representations of others, and ultimately of the capacity for self-reflection.
Neurosis in Childhood and in Psychoanalysis: A Developmental Reformulation
Authors: Tyson Phyllis
Published: January 2017

It is widely believed that the transference neurosis, understood as both a repetition of the infantile neurosis, and as an opportunity for new forms of object relations, is the hallmark of psychoanalysis. Because the concept has become caught up in such polemics over the years and has acquired such a variety of meanings, some call for its abandonment: some also call for abandoning the concept of the infantile neurosis. This paper argues that both these concepts refer to significant clinical phenomena and so rather than being abandoned, they should be clarified and redefined in the light of contemporary developmental theory.
The Role of the Testicles in Male Psychological Development
Authors: Friedman Robert M.
Published: January 2017

In this paper the role of the testicles in male psychological development is thoroughly investigated. All previous psychoanalytic studies are reviewed: new clinical material is presented: critical research data from pediatric urology and physiological sex research are utilized. A number of significant conclusions emerge. (I) Certain cases of pathological castration anxiety are explained by a psychosomatic phenomenon (the “testicular vicious cycle”) caused by actual and perceived threats to the genitals. (2) Testicular factors may be decisive in various neurotic symptom formations beginning with the early toilet training period. The testicular contribution then takes place along certain preferred pathways of symbolic displacement. (3) Testicular symptoms are observed in many cases of physical and sexual abuse. This finding has application to the treatment of male abuse survivors and to their related sexual dysfunctions. (4) Masturbation involving the testicles is not infrequent in young boys: the most common practice consists of inserting the testes inside the body. (5) The condition of cryptorchism may contribute to psychopathology, especially in the area of masculine self-image; however, cryptorchid boys do not tend to be gender-disordered, effeminate, or prehomosexual. (6) Male body image formation after the phallic stage is a complex emotional and intellectual task involving temporary denial of the inner body and the testicles. Finally, it is suggested that a revised account of male sexuality, including both penis and testicles, is a prerequisite for any psychoanalytic theory of gender.
Sustainability of Research-Based Practices
Authors: Vaughn Sharon , Klingner Janette , Hughes Marie
Published: January 2017

Recent advances in research on best practices for educating students with disabilities have improved the knowledge base about these practices. However, there remains a significant gap between the knowledge we have about these best practices, and the extent to which it has been implemented. Two common and simple explanations for this complex problem, “blame the teacher” and “blame the researcher,” are both inadequate to explain this gap. Sustainability grants are designed to help understand linkages between research and practice, so that the knowledge about effective practices might be better represented and implemented in classrooms. Some facilitators for sustainability are the ability of teachers to give input along the way; and a feeling of collaboration, sensitivity, and responsiveness between the researcher and the practitioner. Issues related to the extent to which sustainability can reasonably be expected over time are presented.
State Definitions for the Gifted and Talented Revisited
Authors: Stephens Kristen R. , Karnes Frances A.
Published: January 2017

Definitions of gifted and talented students have been in a state of evolution for some time. Many states rely on the federal interpretation as a guideline for establishing their definitions relating to gifted education. However, the federal definition has gone through a series of metamorphoses with the addition and deletion of various terms and components. This article presents a brief history of the transition of the federal definition for students who are gifted and talented, as well as a description of other definitions that have impacted state definitions. An overview of state definitions in 1990 and 1998 is also presented and analyzed.
Teachers' Reported Transition Practices for Children Transitioning into Kindergarten and First Grade
Authors: La Paro Karen M. , Pianta Robert C. , Cox Martha J.
Published: January 2017

A national sample of kindergarten teachers reported their use of transition practices for young children with special needs. Teachers most frequently reported sending letters to parents after school started and arranging visits to 1st-grade classrooms. The least frequently reported transition practices were home visits and meetings to discuss the kindergarten to first grade transition. Reported use of transition practices were similar for teachers with and without children with special needs in their class. However, teachers with children with special needs in their class generally reported using more individual transition practices before school started and arranging meetings to coordinate personnel. Findings are discussed in terms of adherence to legislation and recommended practice for children with special needs.
Key Influences on the Initiation and Implementation of Inclusive Preschool Programs
Authors: Lieber Joan , Hanson Marci J. , Beckman Paula J. , Odom Samuel L. , Sandall Susand R. , Schwartz Ilene S. , Horn Eva , Wolery Ruth
Published: January 2017

Inclusion is a challenging educational practice to implement at the preschool level. We interviewed early childhood teachers, related services providers, program directors, and state-level administrators in 18 public schools, Head Start, and community-based programs in four geographical regions across the United States. Interviews were analyzed to determine factors that were facilitators of or barriers to the development of inclusive preschool programs and to describe where inclusion began for each of the programs. Key personnel was the strongest facilitator of inclusion across all programs. Other important influences were the provision of training and external support, holding a shared vision, and the impact of national and state policies.
Teachers Attitudes toward Their Included Students with Disabilities
Authors: Cook Bryan G. , Tankersley Melody , Cook Lysandra , Landrum Timothy J.
Published: January 2017

This investigation examines teachers' attitudes toward their included students with disabilities. Seventy general education teachers of inclusive elementary classrooms nominated three of their students to prompts corresponding with the attitudinal categories of attachment, concern, indifference, and rejection. Consistent with predictions based on a theory of instructional tolerance, chi-square analyses indicated that included students with disabilities were significantly underrepresented in the attachment category, and significantly overrepresented in the concern and rejection categories. Greater experience teaching in inclusive classes was also associated with higher rates of concern nominations for included students with disabilities. Results are discussed in regard to their implications for inclusive policies and practice.
Interpreting Outcomes of Social Skills Training for Students with High-Incidence Disabilities
Authors: Gresham Frank M. , Sugai George , Horner Robert H.
Published: January 2017

Social competence is particularly salient for students who are classified into one of the high-incidence disability groups such as specific learning disabilities, mental retardation, emotional disturbance, or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Among the most popular of the instructional approaches for these students has been social skills training (SST). Various meta-analyses of the literature suggest that SST has not produced large, socially important, long-term, or generalized changes in social competence of students with high-incidence disabilities. Probable explanations for the weak effects in some meta-analyses are discussed and specific recommendations are offered for designing and producing more effective SST interventions.