bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysing (cosmological) singularity avoidance in loop quantum gravity using U

(1)3

coherent states and Kummer’s functions
Authors: Giesel Kristina , Winnekens David
Published: March 2023

Using a new procedure based on Kummer’s Confluent Hypergeometric Functions, we investigate the question of singularity avoidance in loop quantum gravity (LQG) in the context of U

(
1

)

3

complexifier coherent states and compare obtained results with already existing ones. Our analysis focuses on the dynamical operators, denoted by

q
ˆ

I
0

i
0

(
r
)

, whose products are the analogue of the inverse scale factor in LQG and also play a pivotal role for other dynamical operators such as matter Hamiltonians or the Hamiltonian constraint. For graphs of cubic topology and linear powers in

q
ˆ

I
0

i
0

(
r
)

, we obtain the correct classical limit and demonstrate how higher order corrections can be computed with this method. This extends already existing techniques in the way how the involved fractional powers are handled. We also extend already existing formalisms to graphs with higher-valent vertices. For generic graphs and products of

q
ˆ

I
0

i
0

(
r
)

, using estimates becomes inevitable and we investigate upper bounds for these semiclassical expectation values. Compared to existing results, our method allows to keep fractional powers involved in

q
ˆ

I
0

i
0

(
r
)

throughout the computations, which have been estimated by integer powers elsewhere. Similar to former results, we find a non-zero upper bound for the inverse scale factor at the initial singularity. Additionally, our findings provide some insights into properties and related implications of the results that arise when using estimates and can be used to look for improved estimates.
Regular black holes with sub-Planckian curvature
Authors: Ling Yi , Wu Meng-He
Published: March 2023

We construct a sort of regular black holes with a sub-Planckian Kretschmann scalar curvature. The metric of this sort of regular black holes is characterized by an exponentially suppressing gravity potential as well as an asymptotically Minkowski core. In particular, with different choices of the potential form, they can reproduce the metric of Bardeen/Hayward/Frolov black hole at large scales. The heuristical derivation of this sort of black holes is performed based on the generalized uncertainty principle over curved spacetime which includes the effects of tidal force on any object with finite size which is bounded below by the minimal length.
Generation and manipulation of pure spin current in a conducting loop coupled to an Aharonov–Bohm ring
Authors: Majhi Joydeep , Maiti Santanu K
Published: March 2023

In this work we put forward a new prescription for the generation and manipulation of non-decaying pure spin current (SC) in a Rashba spin–orbit (SO) coupled conducting loop which is attached to an Aharonov–Bohm (AB) ring. In presence of a single link between the rings, a SC is established in the flux-free ring, without accompanying any charge current (CC). The magnitude and direction of this SC are controlled by means of the AB flux, without tuning the SO coupling, which is the central aspect of our study. Employing a tight-binding framework we describe the two-ring quantum system, where the effect of magnetic flux is incorporated through Peierls phase factor. The specific roles of AB flux, SO coupling and the connectivity among the rings are critically investigated which yield several non-trivial signatures in energy band spectrum and pure SC. Along with SC, the phenomenon of flux-driven CC is also discussed, and at the end, different other effects like electron filling, system size and disorder are analyzed to make the present communication a self contained one. Our detailed investigation may provide some key aspects of designing efficient spintronic devices where SC can be guided in an other way.
New stable ultrawide bandgap As2O3 semiconductor materials
Authors: Abdullahi Yusuf Zuntu , Caglayan Rabia , Mogulkoc Aybey , Mogulkoc Yesim , Ersan Fatih
Published: March 2023

Ultrawide band gap materials have numerous potential applications in deep ultraviolet optoelectronics, as well as next-generation high-power and radio frequency electronics. Through the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory calculations, we demonstrate that the As2O3 bulk and monolayer structures have excellent energetic, mechanical, and thermal stabilities. The bulk and monolayer of As2O3 come in two distinct structures, namely st1-As2O3, and st2-As2O3. We show that the st1-As2O3 and st2-As2O3 monolayer and bilayer could be mechanically exfoliated from their bulk material and found that the cleavage energy values are significantly lower than those reported for similarly layered materials. By performing Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) and Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof (HSE06) band structure calculations, we found that the bulk and monolayers of As2O3 structures exhibit wide (PBE) and ultra-wide (HSE06) indirect band gaps. We further evaluate the As2O3 layered thickness-dependent band gaps and found that band gap decreases uniformly as the number of st1-As2O3 and st2-As2O3 layers increases. Our findings demonstrate the potential of the As2O3 structures for the future design of ultra-wide band gap semiconductor electronic devices.
Electric discharge coating process: a critical review with potential application
Authors: Kumaran V , Muralidharan B
Published: March 2023

Electric discharge coating (EDC) process is a competitive surface coating technology that alters the desired surface characteristics. EDC process deposits the material on the substrates from the sacrificial electrode by spark erosion process with the potential advantage of depositing any materials. This paper extensively reviews the work carried out in the EDC process and suggests areas of improvement for easy adaptability in industrial applications. Here, the variants of the EDC process, the route map for process parameter selection, the advantage over conventional methods, and coating characterization are discussed. The review sequentially presents the fundamental process, detailed analysis of tool and workpiece materials used, process parameters, and applications. EDC process has continued to be a key solution for many industrial needs, with the critical advantage of enhancing the substrate’s serviceability and protecting against corrosion, thermal stress, and other adverse environmental conditions. The scope of the work is discussed in detail, with potential industrial and biomedical applications suggesting avenues for researchers and industrialists.
Ultra-low latency recurrent neural network inference on FPGAs for physics applications with hls4ml
Authors: Khoda Elham E , Rankin Dylan , Teixeira de Lima Rafael , Harris Philip , Hauck Scott , Hsu Shih-Chieh , Kagan Michael , Loncar Vladimir , Paikara Chaitanya , Rao Richa , Summers Sioni , Vernieri Caterina , Wang Aaron
Published: March 2023

Recurrent neural networks have been shown to be effective architectures for many tasks in high energy physics, and thus have been widely adopted. Their use in low-latency environments has, however, been limited as a result of the difficulties of implementing recurrent architectures on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). In this paper we present an implementation of two types of recurrent neural network layers—long short-term memory and gated recurrent unit—within the hls4ml framework. We demonstrate that our implementation is capable of producing effective designs for both small and large models, and can be customized to meet specific design requirements for inference latencies and FPGA resources. We show the performance and synthesized designs for multiple neural networks, many of which are trained specifically for jet identification tasks at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.
Projected expansion of hottest climate zones over Africa during the mid and late 21st century
Authors: Dajuma Alima , Sylla Mouhamadou Bamba , Tall Moustapha , Almazroui Mansour , Yassa Nourredine , Diedhiou Arona , Giorgi Filippo
Published: March 2023

Projected shifts in thermal climate zones over Africa during the mid and late 21st century are assessed by employing the Thornthwaite thermal classification applied to 40 CMIP6 global climate models under the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 forcing scenarios. The CMIP6 multimodel ensemble mean reproduces the observed pattern of thermal zones during the reference period, albeit with some discrepancies. The projections reveal a gradual expansion of the hottest thermal type consisting of a northward and southward displacement of torrid climate zones, with this effect intensifying as greenhouse gas (GHG) forcing increases and the time horizon moves from the mid to the end of the century. In particular, the Mediterranean region, almost all southern African countries, part of East Africa and most Madagascar predominantly warm in present-day conditions, are projected to face mostly hot climates in the mid—21st century and torrid by the end of the 21st century in the high-end forcing scenario. Generally, in the mid—21st century, torrid climates expand by up to ∼15%, 20% and 27% of total Africa’s land areas for the SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5, respectively, with these fractions increasing to ∼16%, 28% and 42% in the late 21st century. Therefore, at the end of the 21st century for the high-end GHG concentration scenario, the African continent will be covered by 81%–87% of torrid climate type, which will have enormous impacts on the sustainable development of African countries.
Mobile emergency department care to nursing home residents: a novel outreach service
Authors: Udesen Stine Emilie Junker , Rasmussen Claus-Henrik , Mikkelsen Søren , Andersen Nina , Brabrand Mikkel , Lassen Annmarie Touborg
Published: March 2023

Background

Every month, 6% of Danish nursing home residents are admitted to hospital. However, these admissions might have limited benefits and are associated with an increased risk of complications. We initiated a new mobile service comprising consultants performing emergency care in nursing homes.

Objective

Describe the new service, the recipients of this service, hospital admission patterns and 90-day mortality.

Design

A descriptive observational study.

Model

When an ambulance is requested to a nursing home, the emergency medical dispatch centre simultaneously dispatches a consultant from the emergency department who will provide an emergency evaluation and decisions regarding treatment at the scene in collaboration with municipal acute care nurses.

Method

We describe the characteristics of all nursing home contacts from 1st November 2020 to 31st December 2021. The outcome measures were hospital admissions and 90-day mortality. Data were extracted from the patients’ electronic hospital records and prospectively registered data.

Results

We identified 638 contacts (495 individuals). The new service had a median of two (interquartile range: 2–3) new contacts per day. The most frequent diagnoses were related to infections, unspecific symptoms, falls, trauma and neurologic disease. Seven out of eight residents remained at home following treatment, 20% had an unplanned hospital admission within 30 days and 90-day mortality was 36.4%.

Conclusion

Transitioning emergency care from hospitals to nursing homes could present an opportunity for providing optimised care to a vulnerable population and limiting unnecessary transfers and admissions to hospitals.
Assessing the impact of a payor-funded embedded clinical pharmacist on patient and provider satisfaction in a private primary care practice
Authors: Gadd Shannon , Cox Nicholas , Slager Stacey , Pinnock Emily , Mitchell Matthew , Turner Kyle
Published: March 2023

Purpose

With expanding roles of clinic-embedded pharmacists comes the need to identify routes for optimization, soliciting and addressing feedback, and justifying the position(s) to the employing institution. Studies have demonstrated the benefit of integrating pharmacists into healthcare teams, but these opportunities remain largely limited to major health systems due to a lack of billing avenues for and familiarity with the services pharmacists can provide.

Methods

With funding from and partnership with a third-party payor, a pharmacist was incorporated into a private physician-owned clinic to be a resource to the providers and provide comprehensive medication management to patients. Patient and provider experiences were assessed by survey and interview, respectively, utilizing both Likert-scale and free-response questions. The responses were coded, analyzed, and aggregated into themes. The demographic and Likert-scale responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics.

Results

Patients reported a high level of satisfaction with the pharmacist’s service, indicating that they felt more comfortable managing their medications and that they would recommend the pharmacist to a family member or friend. Provider satisfaction was also high, with providers stating that they found the recommendations by the pharmacist helpful, that the recommendations improved cardiovascular risk factors in their patients with diabetes, and that, overall, they were satisfied with the care provided by the pharmacist. The primary concern from the providers was a lack of understanding regarding how best to reach and utilize the service.

Conclusion

Overall, an embedded clinical pharmacist providing comprehensive medication management at a private primary care clinic had a positive impact on both provider and patient satisfaction.
Analytical Approximations and Monge–Ampère Masses of Plurisubharmonic Singularities
Authors: Li Chi
Published: March 2023

We construct examples of plurisubharmonic functions with isolated singularities at $0\in {{\mathbb {C}}}^n$, whose residual Monge–Ampère masses at the origin cannot be approximated by masses of canonical analytic approximations obtained via multiplier ideals. This answers negatively a conjecture of Demailly, and shows that residual Monge–Ampère masses are not valuative invariants of plurisubharmonic singularities.
Generalized Preservation Principle in Finite Theta Correspondence
Authors: Pan Shu-Yen
Published: March 2023

It is known that irreducible cuspidal characters satisfy the preservation principle in the Howe correspondences of finite reductive dual pairs. In this article, we generalize the preservation principle to any irreducible characters of classical groups.
A Cage Went in Search of a Bird
Authors: Bouwknegt Thijs B , Nauta Bart
Published: March 2023

What happens to people who are accused of atrocity crimes at the bar of public opinion, are publicly indicted, prosecuted, tried, acquitted of criminal charges and then released? Does the mud stick? Or can the dirt also turn into gold, after legal exoneration and possible compensation? This article seeks to trigger a conversation on the international justice community’s stance on condemnation, compensation and convalescence. Through several versatile histories and stories, it gauges how exonerated persons have been navigating life after acquittal. To what extent have they managed to reverse, or recover from, their previous scandalizations, and if so: how? In thinking about this question, we problematize international justice community protagonists and prosecution services’ modus operandi (and effects) of scandalizing first and prosecuting alleged atrocitaires later. We observe that under the International Criminal Court (ICC)’s current circumstances (operating like a cage in search of birds) more suspects have been scandalized than convicted, but that often the scandal lingers. We conclude that for most acquitted persons requesting post-trial compensation is a dead end, and that doing so for some might further increase reputational damage. While several acquitted people ultimately remained defamed, some exonerated persons fully recovered from the human rights scandal by redefining compensation, and by turning the table and scandalizing the ICC.
Indolocarbazole alkaloid Loonamycin A inhibits triple-negative breast cancer cell stemness and Notch signalling
Authors: Xue Wenwen , Li Wuhao , Yu Ying , Zhang Bo , Wang Yixue , Zhou Lin , Chen Zhixiu , Wang Liwei , Ge Huiming , Xu Qiang , Shen Yan
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Enrichment for therapy-resistant cancer stem cells hampers the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Targeting these cells via suppression of Notch signalling can be a potential therapeutic strategy. This study aimed to uncover the mode of action of a new indolocarbazole alkaloid loonamycin A against this incurable disease.

Methods

The anticancer effects were examined in triple-negative breast cancer cells using in vitro methods, including cell viability and proliferation assays, wound-healing assay, flow cytometry and mammosphere formation assay. RNA-seq technology was used to analyse the gene expression profiles in loonamycin A-treated cells. Real-time RT-PCR and western blot were to evaluate the inhibition of Notch signalling.

Key findings

Loonamycin A has stronger cytotoxicity than its structural analog rebeccamycin. Besides inhibiting cell proliferation and migration, loonamycin A reduced CD44high/CD24low/− sub-population, mammosphere formation, as well as the expression of stemness-associated genes. Co-administration of loonamycin A enhanced antitumour effects of paclitaxel by inducing apoptosis. RNA sequencing results showed that loonamycin A treatment caused the inhibition of Notch signalling, accompanied by the decreased expression of Notch1 and its targeted genes.

Conclusions

These results reveal a novel bioactivity of indolocarbazole-type alkaloids and provide a promising Notch-inhibiting small molecular candidate for triple-negative breast cancer therapy.
A study of GeV gamma-ray emission towards supernova remnant G51.26+0.11 and its molecular environment
Authors: Zhong Wen-Juan , Zhang Xiao , Chen Yang , Zhang Qian-Qian
Published: March 2023

We reanalyse the Fermi-LAT (Large Area Telescope) GeV γ-ray emission in the region of supernova remnant (SNR) G51.26+0.11 and investigate its interstellar molecular environment with the CO line data. At GeV energies, based on 13.2 yr of Fermi-LAT data, the extended γ-ray emission observed in this region is resolved into a uniform-disc source (‘Src A’) with a significance of 19.5σ and a point source (4FGL J1924.3+1628) with a significance of 4.2σ in 0.2–500 GeV. With an angular radius of ∼0.17○, ‘Src A’ overlaps with SNR G51.26+0.11 significantly in the line of sight. On the other hand, the morphological coincidence between the SNR and the ∼+54 km s−1 molecular clouds (MCs) together with the asymmetric or broad 12CO line profiles near the SNR boundary provides evidence for the very likely SNR–MC interaction. The SNR–MC interaction and the H i absorption features indicate that SNR G51.26+0.11 is located at a kinematic distance of 6.2 ± 0.5 kpc. Combined with the results from the multiwavelength analysis, the γ-ray emission of the SNR (‘Src A’) can be naturally explained by a hadronic model with a soft power-law proton spectrum of index ∼2.25.
An unusual cause for a colonic stricture: a case of Mycobacterium xenopi mimicking malignancy
Authors: Rees J R E , Longstaff A , Rigby H L , Smith D L , Dixon A R
Published: March 2023

Colonic strictures are very common and are a frequent finding on double contrast barium examination; they very often reflect the presence of malignancy, diverticular disease, ischaemia, inflammatory bowel disease, and rarely mycobacterial disease. A case of mycobacterial disease mimicking malignancy is presented; this was due to a rare mycobacterial subtype and there was complete resolution of symptoms with antimycobacterial therapy.
On Our Own: Social Distance, Physical Loneliness, and Structural Isolation in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Klinenberg Eric , Leigh Jenny K
Published: March 2023

The early months of the COVID-19 pandemic were defined by distance and isolation, raising concerns about widespread loneliness. Drawing on 55 in-depth interviews with residents of New York City who lived alone during the first wave of the pandemic, this article examines the experience of living alone and dealing with loneliness during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, asking: What are the specific aspects of being or feeling alone that cause distress? Four key themes emerged from the interviews. First, although most interviewees reported experiencing loneliness at some point during the pandemic, they described themselves as being quite socially connected to friends and family. Second, being physically alone was especially distressing. Third, city residents who lived alone struggled with the loss of everyday interactions with neighbors and familiar strangers who had previously provided regular companionship in public gathering places. Fourth, solo dwellers reported that despite the social and emotional challenges of living alone, feeling abandoned or marginalized by society at large – a phenomenon that we refer to as “structural isolation” – was ultimately a greater emotional burden. These findings highlight the importance of social and structural dimensions of loneliness, helping to sharpen our existing sociological conceptualization of loneliness.
Barriers and Facilitators to Knowledge Brokering Activities: Perspectives from Knowledge Brokers Working in Canadian Rehabilitation Settings
Authors: Gaid Dina , Ahmed Sara , Thomas Aliki , Bussières André
Published: March 2023

Introduction:

Knowledge translation experts advocate for employing knowledge brokers (KBs) to promote the uptake of research evidence in health care settings. Yet, no previous research has identified potential barriers for KBs to promote the uptake of research evidence in rehabilitation settings. This study aimed to identify the barriers and facilitators for KBs in Canadian rehabilitation settings as perceived by individuals serving as KBs.

Methods:

Qualitative study using semistructured telephone interviews with individuals performing KB activities in rehabilitation settings across Canada. The interview topic guide was informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and consisted of 20 questions covering three domains (characteristics of individuals, inner setting, and outer settings). We conducted qualitative descriptive analysis combining deductive coding guided by the CFIR.

Results:

Characteristics of individuals included having communication skills, clinical experience, research skills, and interpersonal features, in addition to being confident and motivated and receiving training. The inner setting domain included having constant networking with stakeholders and being aware of stakeholders' needs, in addition to resources availability, leadership engagement, knowledge accessibility, prioritizing brokering activities, and monitoring KBs' performance. Finally, the outer setting domain showed that KBs need to be connected to a community of practice to promote information exchange and avoid work duplications.

Discussion:

Factors likely to hinder or promote the optimal use of KBs within Canadian rehabilitation settings include skill sets and networking abilities; organizational culture, resources, and leadership engagement; and the need for specific training for KBs and for evaluation tools to monitor their performance.
The role of ferroptosis-related genes in airway epithelial cells of asthmatic patients based on bioinformatics
Authors: Zheng Ye , Fan Jingyao , Jiang Xiaofeng
Published: March 2023

It has been reported that airway epithelial cells and ferroptosis have certain effect on asthma. However, the action mechanism of ferroptosis-related genes in airway epithelial cells of asthmatic patients is still unclear. Firstly, the study downloaded the GSE43696 training set, GSE63142 validation set and GSE164119 (miRNA) dataset from the gene expression omnibus database. 342 ferroptosis-related genes were downloaded from the ferroptosis database. Moreover, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between asthma and control samples in the GSE43696 dataset were screened by differential analysis. Consensus clustering analysis was performed on asthma patients to classify clusters, and differential analysis was performed on clusters to obtain inter-cluster DEGs. Asthma-related module was screened by weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Then, DEGs between asthma and control samples, inter-cluster DEGs and asthma-related module were subjected to venn analysis for obtaining candidate genes. The last absolute shrinkage and selection operator and support vector machines were respectively applied to the candidate genes to screen for feature genes, and functional enrichment analysis was performed. Finally, a competition endogenetic RNA network was constructed and drug sensitivity analysis was conducted. There were 438 DEGs (183 up-regulated and 255 down-regulated) between asthma and control samples. 359 inter-cluster DEGs (158 up-regulated and 201 down-regulated) were obtained by screening. Then, the black module was significantly and strongly correlated with asthma. The venn analysis yielded 88 candidate genes. 9 feature genes (NAV3, ITGA10, SYT4, NOX1, SNTG2, RNF182, UPK1B, POSTN, SHISA2) were screened and they were involved in proteasome, dopaminergic synapse etc. Besides, 4 mRNAs, 5 miRNAs, and 2 lncRNAs collectively formed competition endogenetic RNA regulatory network, which included RNF182-hsa-miR-455-3p-LINC00319 and so on. The predicted therapeutic drug network map contained NAV3-bisphenol A and other relationship pairs. The study investigated the potential molecular mechanisms of NAV3, ITGA10, SYT4, NOX1, SNTG2, RNF182, UPK1B, POSTN, SHISA2 in airway epithelial cells of asthmatic patients through bioinformatics analysis, providing a reference for the research of asthma and ferroptosis.
Treatment of postsurgical trigeminal neuralgia with Fu’s subcutaneous needling therapy resulted in prompt complete relief: Two case reports
Authors: Gao Youling , Sun Jian , Fu Zhonghua , Chiu Po-En , Chou Li-Wei
Published: March 2023

Rationale:

Trigeminal neuralgia is a recurrent unilateral transient electroshock-like pain. Fu’s subcutaneous needling (FSN), used to treat the musculoskeletal problems, has not been reported in this field.

Patient concerns:

The pain extent of case 1 had no reduction after the previous microvascular decompression, the pain of case 2 relapsed 4 years after the microvascular decompression.

Diagnoses:

Postsurgical trigeminal neuralgia.

Interventions:

FSN therapy was applied on the muscles around the neck and face area, which the myofascial trigger points were palpated in these muscles. The FSN needle was inserted into the subcutaneous layer and the needle tip was pointed toward the myofascial trigger point.

Outcomes:

The following outcome measurements were observed before and after treatment, including numerical rating scale, Barrow Neurology Institute Pain Scale scores, Constant Face Pain Questionnaire scores, Brief Pain Inventory-Facial scores, Patient Global Impression of Change scores, and medication dosage. The follow-up surveys were made after 2 and 4 months respectively. The pain of Case 1 was significantly reduced after 7 times FSN treatments and the pain of Case 2 was even disappeared after 6 times FSN treatments.

Lessons:

This case report suggested that FSN can relieve postsurgical trigeminal neuralgia safely and effectively. Clinical randomized controlled studies are needed to be further conducted.
Malignant melanoma in the stomach treated with endoscopic submucosal dissection: a case report
Authors: Suto Daisuke , Yoshida Masashi , Otake Takaaki , Osawa Yosuke , Yamada Hidehiko , Sato Kiichi , Akita Takayuki , Ohdaira Hironori , Suzuki Yutaka , Kohgo Yutaka
Published: March 2023

Introduction and Importance:

The initial appearance of malignant melanoma localized in the stomach has never been reported previously. We encountered a patient with gastric melanoma in the stomach, which was histologically confirmed to be confined to the mucosa.

Case Presentation:

The patient, when in her 40s, had undergone surgery for malignant melanoma of the left heel. However, there were no detailed records of pathological findings. The patient had a 4-mm black elevated lesion in her stomach observed on esophagogastroduodenoscopy after the eradication of Helicobacter pylori. A year later, esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed that the lesion had increased to 8 mm. A biopsy was performed, but no malignancy was found; the patient continued to be followed up. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy performed at the 2-year follow-up revealed that the melanotic lesion had increased to 15 mm, and biopsy was performed and revealed a malignant melanoma.

Clinical Discussion:

Endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed for gastric malignant melanoma. The margin of the resected malignant melanoma was negative; vascular and lymphatic invasions were not observed, and the lesion was confined to the mucosa.

Conclusion:

We suggest that even if the first biopsy of a melanotic lesion shows no evidence of malignancy, the lesion should be closely monitored. This is the first reported case of endoscopic submucosal dissection of localized gastric malignant melanoma confined to the mucosa.
Microsurgical Reconstruction of the Columella
Authors: Walton Robert L. , Robinson Brenton R.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Traditionally, the columella can be difficult to reconstruct due to its unique contours, paucity of adjacent soft tissues, and tenuous vascularity. When local or regional tissues are unavailable, microsurgical transfer can provide a means for reconstruction. In this retrospective review, we report our experience with microsurgical reconstruction of the columella.

Methods:

Seventeen patients were enrolled in this study and divided into two groups: (Group 1) Isolated columella defects, and (Group 2) Defects of the columella and portions of adjacent soft tissues.

Results:

There were 10 patients in Group 1. Age averaged 41.2 years. Follow-up averaged 10.1 years. Etiology of the columellar defects included trauma, complication of nasal reconstruction and complication of rhinoplasty. The 1 st dorsal metacarpal artery flap was utilized in seven cases, and the radial forearm flap in five. Two flap losses were salvaged with a second free flap. Surgical revisions averaged 1.5. In Group 2, there were 7 patients. Follow up averaged 10.1 years. Etiology of the columella defects included cocaine injury, carcinoma, and complication of rhinoplasty. Surgical revisions averaged 3.3. The radial forearm flap was utilized in all cases.

There were no flap losses. All seventeen cases in this series were brought to a successful conclusion.

Conclusion:

Our experience has shown that microsurgical reconstruction of the columella provides a reliable and aesthetic means for reconstruction. This technique avoids facial disfigurement and visible scarring that often accompany use of local flaps. In addition,
Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter fetus: emergence and genomic evolution
Authors: van der Graaf-van Bloois Linda , Duim Birgitta , Looft Torey , Veldman Kees T. , Zomer Aldert L. , Wagenaar Jaap A.
Published: March 2023

Campylobacter fetus

is a pathogen, which is primarily associated with fertility problems in sheep and cattle. In humans, it can cause severe infections that require antimicrobial treatment. However, knowledge on the development of antimicrobial resistance in

C. fetus

is limited. Moreover, the lack of epidemiological cut-off values (ECOFFs) and clinical breakpoints for

C. fetus

hinders consistent reporting about wild-type and non-wild-type susceptibility. The aim of this study was to determine the phenotypic susceptibility pattern of

C. fetus

and to determine the

C. fetus

resistome [the collection of all antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and their precursors] to describe the genomic basis of antimicrobial resistance in

C. fetus

isolates over time. Whole-genome sequences of 295

C

.

fetus

isolates, including isolates that were isolated in the period 1939 till the mid 1940s, before the usage of non-synthetic antimicrobials, were analysed for the presence of resistance markers, and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility was obtained for a selection of 47 isolates.

C. fetus

subspecies

fetus

(Cff) isolates showed multiple phenotypic antimicrobial resistances compared to

C. fetus

subspecies

venerealis

(Cfv) isolates that were only intrinsic resistant to nalidixic acid and trimethoprim. Cff isolates showed elevated minimal inhibitory concentrations for cefotaxime and cefquinome that were observed in isolates from 1943 onwards, and Cff isolates contained gyrA substitutions, which conferred resistance to ciprofloxacin. Resistances to aminoglycosides, tetracycline and phenicols were linked to acquired ARGs on mobile genetic elements. A plasmid-derived tet(O) gene in a bovine Cff isolate in 1999 was the first mobile genetic element observed, followed by detection of mobile elements containing tet(O)-aph(3′)-III and tet(44)-ant(6)-Ib genes, and a plasmid from a single human isolate in 2003, carrying aph(3′)-III-ant(6)-Ib and a chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat). The presence of ARGs in multiple mobile elements distributed among different Cff lineages highlights the risk for spread and further emergence of AMR in

C. fetus

. Surveillance for these resistances requires the establishment of ECOFFs for

C. fetus

.
Antecedents and consequence of intra-organizational diffusion of prefabricated construction technology: a contingency theory perspective
Authors: Li Tianxin , Li Zhongfu , Cai Jin
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Insufficient intra-organizational diffusion of prefabricated construction (PC) technology hinders its implementation benefits. More research on intra-organizational diffusion of PC technology is required to improve organizational performance in PC implementation. This study aims to explore the antecedents and consequence of intra-organizational diffusion of PC technology.

Design/methodology/approach

This study established an antecedent and consequence model of intra-organizational diffusion of PC technology from the perspective of contingency theory. The model was empirically tested by 91 valid questionnaires using partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).

Findings

The results indicate that organizational support (OSU), organizational climate (OC) and mechanistic organizational structure (OST) positively influence intra-organizational diffusion of PC technology, which further positively influences organizational performance. The relationship between OC and intra-organizational diffusion of PC technology is mediated by OSU. Technological turbulence negatively moderates the relationship between OSU and intra-organizational diffusion.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to study the antecedents and consequence of intra-organizational diffusion of PC technology and an expansion of contingency theory in the research field of PC technology. This study helps to theoretically stimulate future research on intra-organizational diffusion and practically promote intra-organizational diffusion of PC technology along with improving organizational performance in its implementation.
An integrated enabling technology interfacing multiple space/time methods/algorithms/domains with model reduction for first-order systems
Authors: Tae David , Tamma Kumar K.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to further advance the multiple space/time subdomain framework with model reduction. Existing linear multistep (LMS) methods that are second-order time accurate, and useful for practical applications, have a significant limitation. They do not account for separable controllable numerical dissipation of the primary variables. Furthermore, they have little or no significant choices of altogether different algorithms that can be integrated in a single analysis to mitigate numerical oscillations that may occur. In lieu of such limitations, under the generalized single-step single-solve (GS4) umbrella, several of the deficiencies are circumvented.

Design/methodology/approach

The GS4 framework encompasses a wide variety of LMS schemes that are all second-order time accurate and offers controllable numerical dissipation. Unlike existing state-of-art, the present framework permits implicit–implicit and implicit–explicit coupling of algorithms via differential algebraic equations (DAE). As further advancement, this study embeds proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to further reduce model sizes. This study also uses an iterative convergence check in acquiring sufficient snapshot data to adequately capture the physics to prescribed accuracy requirements. Simple linear/nonlinear transient numerical examples are presented to provide proof of concept.

Findings

The present DAE-GS4-POD framework has the flexibility of using different spatial methods and different time integration algorithms in altogether different subdomains in conjunction with the POD to advance and improve the computational efficiency.

Originality/value

The novelty of this paper is the addition of reduced order modeling features, how it applies to the previous DAE-GS4 framework and the improvement of the computational efficiency. The proposed framework/tool kit provides all the needed flexibility, robustness and adaptability for engineering computations.
Navigating through entrepreneurial skills, competencies and capabilities: a systematic literature review and the development of the entrepreneurial ability model
Authors: Pennetta Selene , Anglani Francesco , Mathews Shane
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This study aims to define, classify and interconnect the wide range of known entrepreneurial abilities with terms such as skills, capabilities and competencies, which have been used inconsistently within the entrepreneurial field.

Design/methodology/approach

This investigation is based on a systematic literature review and strengthened by a meta-analysis equipped with a bibliometric study to assist the generation of outcomes with a quantitative investigation.

Findings

This study proposes an evolving entrepreneurial ability model which interconnects genetic and acquired skill types, capabilities and competencies and is equipped with an Entrepreneurial Skills Map essential to operate in the 21st century.

Research limitations/implications

The proposed model is specific to the entrepreneurial field.

Practical implications

This study supports universities and government agencies for the development of educational programs to prepare current and future entrepreneurs to match the changes in the new environment that has emerged with the COVID-19 pandemic.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the entrepreneurship research domain by shedding light on the inconsistent use of non-standardised terminologies and providing an entrepreneurial model and updated skills map to guide scholars to frame research in the post-COVID era with more clarity.
Mobility, space and agency: pilgrimage by humans and others
Authors: Eade John
Published: March 2023

Purpose

Pilgrimage brings humans and other-than-humans together through a dual process – movement across space and the transformation of space through the process of sacralisation. This paper aims to explore this dual process by outlining the development of qualitative research on contemporary pilgrimage where the dominant representational approach which focuses on human agency has been complemented by a relational perspective where statues, springs and rocks, for example, are seen as possessing their own agency that influences human action.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper describes the development of qualitative research on contemporary pilgrimage by bringing together both the representational and relational approach and drawing on the author’s experience of pilgrimage over many years and his reflections on that experience as a trained qualitative researcher.

Findings

This paper explores the ways in which the dominant representational approach in pilgrimage studies can be complemented by the relational approach by drawing on the author’s experience of pilgrimage in three different contexts

Originality/value

The paper is original by bringing together both the representational and relational perspectives, contextualising them through the author’s experience of different types of pilgrimage and linking pilgrimage to the wider issues of migration, space and agency.
Calm after the storm? The role of social and environmental practices on small and medium enterprises resilience throughout COVID‐19 crisis
Authors: Ferrón‐Vílchez Vera , Leyva‐de la Hiz Dante I.
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze whether resilient SMEs have been able to overcome the bump of the COVID‐19 crisis in terms of profitability. When facing such unforeseen crises, SMEs require resilience, and one of the factors that positively affect resilience generation is the adoption of social and environmental practices (SEPs). Using survey data on the managerial perceptions of 259 SMEs, this study reveals the positive association between resilience and improvements in business performance, and how the adoption of SEPs is an essential prerequisite for developing a higher level of resilience. We corroborate these associations for SMEs at two moments of the pandemic: November 2020 and October 2021. Our findings show that more resilient SMEs exhibit better results in terms of business performance, and the prior adoption of SEPs is positively associated with the development of resilience in the crisis context of COVID‐19.
Understanding effort regulation: Comparing ‘Pomodoro’ breaks and self‐regulated breaks
Authors: Biwer Felicitas , Wiradhany Wisnu , oude Egbrink Mirjam G. A. , de Bruin Anique B. H.
Published: March 2023

Background

During self‐study, students need to monitor and regulate mental effort to replete working memory resources and optimize learning results. Taking breaks during self‐study could be an effective effort regulation strategy. However, little is known about how breaktaking relates to self‐regulated learning.

Aims

We investigated the effects of taking systematic or self‐regulated breaks on mental effort, task experiences and task completion in real‐life study sessions for 1 day.

Sample

Eighty‐seven bachelor's and master's students from a Dutch University.

Methods

Students participated in an online intervention during their self‐study. In the self‐regulated‐break condition (n = 35), students self‐decided when to take a break; in the systematic break conditions, students took either a 6‐min break after every 24‐min study block (systematic‐long or ‘Pomodoro technique’, n = 25) or a 3‐min break after every 12‐min study block (systematic‐short, n = 27).

Results

Students had longer study sessions and breaks when self‐regulating. This was associated with higher levels of fatigue and distractedness, and lower levels of concentration and motivation compared to those in the systematic conditions. We found no difference between groups in invested mental effort or task completion.

Conclusions

Taking pre‐determined, systematic breaks during a study session had mood benefits and appeared to have efficiency benefits (i.e., similar task completion in shorter time) over taking self‐regulated breaks. Measuring how mental effort dynamically fluctuates over time and how effort spent on the learning task differs from effort spent on regulating break‐taking requires further research.
Footprints of the lady beetles Cryptolaemus montrouzieri and Tenuisvalvae notata affect their foraging behavior and predation rate
Authors: Ferreira Jennifer Oberger , da Silva Torres Christian Sherley Araújo , Carmo Enggel Beatriz Silva , dos Santos Silva Géssica , Laumann Raul Alberto , Borges Miguel , Blassioli Moraes Maria Carolina
Published: March 2023

The lady beetles Tenuisvalvae notata (Mulsant) and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Mulsant (both Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), are used in biological control of mealybugs in many countries, including Brazil. As individuals of these species walk on plant surfaces, they leave chemical footprints that can affect their interactions with conspecifics, as well as other coccinellid species in the same environment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of T. notata and C. montrouzieri footprints on both their own and each other's foraging behavior and predatory potential. Arena bioassays were conducted to evaluate the effect of the footprints on conspecifics and heterospecifics. In addition, the chemical profiles of these footprints were analyzed by gas chromatography, flame ionization detection, and mass spectrometry (GC‐FID and GC–MS). For this, extracts of footprints were obtained from a glass Petri dish where 20 adults (males or females) were allowed to walk for 24 h. Behavioral bioassays showed that both species can recognize each other's footprints. Tenuisvalvae notata females avoided areas treated with footprints of heterospecific females, whereas C. montrouzieri females were arrested on areas with footprints of T. notata females. Tenuisvalvae notata adults did not change their predation rate when exposed to the footprints of heterospecifics, but second instars had a higher predation rate on areas treated with heterospecific footprints. Second instar C. montrouzieri also had an increase in predation when exposed to footprints of heterospecifics, and females captured significantly more prey when exposed to footprints of conspecifics, whereas males' predation rate decreased when exposed to footprints of both conspecifics and heterospecifics. The chemical analyses showed that the hexane extracts of footprints were composed mainly of linear hydrocarbons, saturated and non‐saturated, from C20 to C33. The composition (qualitative and quantitative) of footprint extracts is species‐ and sex‐specific. This is the first report on the effects of footprints on the behavior of these species.
Graph colouring using evolutionary computation: A case study of blind naked mole‐rat algorithm
Authors: Maqbool Fahad , Fahad Muhammad , Ilyas Muhammad , Jabeen Hajira
Published: March 2023

Graph colouring problem (GCP) is an NP‐complete optimization problem. It is famous for its applications in scheduling, register allocation, and map colouring. In recent years, biological inspired and especially Swarm intelligence (SI) techniques have gained popularity for solving complex optimization problems. In this article, we have proposed blind naked mole rat‐based colouring (BNMR‐Col) for graphs. BNMR‐Col uses both exploitation and exploration to find the best solution in search space. Exploitation uses both local moves and global moves to find a better solution in the surroundings of an existing solution. On the other hand, exploration generates new solution by combining various solutions from the search space. BNMR‐Col shows better convergence rate and approaches the lowest colour value in 83% of the cases when tested on standard benchmark graph instances.