bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutual Information Identifies Sequence Positions Conserved within the Nuclear Receptor Superfamily: Approach Reveals Functionally Important Regions for DNA Binding Specificity
Authors: Willis Scooter , Griffin Patrick
Published: November 2014

Members of the nuclear receptor superfamily differentiate in terms of specificity for DNA recognition and binding, oligomeric state, and ligand binding. The wide range of specificities are impressive given the high degree of sequence conservation in the DNA binding domain (DBD) and moderate sequence conservation with high structural similarity within the ligand binding domains (LBDs). Determining sequence positions that are conserved within nuclear receptor subfamilies can provide important indicators into the structural dynamics that translate to oligomeric state of the active receptor, DNA binding specificity and ligand affinity and selectivity. Here we present a method to analyze sequence data from all nuclear receptors that facilitates detection of co-evolving pairs using Mutual Information (MI). Using this method we demonstrate that MI can reveal functionally important sequence positions within the superfamily and the approach identified three sequence positions that have conserved sequence patterns across all nuclear receptors and subfamilies. Interestingly, two of the sequence positions identified are located within the DBD CII and the third was within Helix c of the DBD. These sequences are located within the heterodimer interface of PPARγ (CII) and RXR α (Helix c) based on PDB:3DZU. Helix c of PPARγ, which is not involved in the DBD dimer interface, binds the minor groove in the 5’ flanking region in a consensus PPARγ response element (PPRE) and the corresponding RXR α (CII) is found in the 3’ flanking region of RXRE (3DZU). As these three sequence positions represent unique identifiers for all nuclear receptors and they are located within the dimer interface of PPARγ-RXRα DBD (3DZU) interfacing with the flanking regions of the NRRE, we conclude they are critical sequence positions perhaps dictating nuclear receptor (NR) DNA binding specificity.
Retraction: GQ5 Hinders Renal Fibrosis in Obstructive Nephropathy by Selectively Inhibiting TGF-β–Induced Smad3 Phosphorylation
Authors: Ai Jun , Nie Jing , He Jiangbo , Guo Qin , Li Mei , Lei Ying , Liu Youhua , Zhou Zhanmei , Zhu Fengxin , Liang Min , Cheng Yongxian , Hou Fan Fan
Published: November 2014

TGF-β1, via Smad-dependent or Smad-independent signaling, has a central role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis. This pathway has been recognized as a potential target for antifibrotic therapy. Here, we identified GQ5, a small molecular phenolic compound isolated from the dried resin of Toxicodendron vernicifluum, as a potent and selective inhibitor of TGF-β1–induced Smad3 phosphorylation. In TGF-β1–stimulated renal tubular epithelial cells and interstitial fibroblast cells, GQ5 inhibited the interaction of Smad3 with TGF-β type I receptor (TβRI) by blocking binding of Smad3 to SARA, suppressed subsequent phosphorylation of Smad3, reduced nuclear translocation of Smad2, Smad3, and Smad4, and downregulated the transcription of major fibrotic genes such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and fibronectin. Notably, intraperitoneal administration of GQ5 in rats immediately after unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) selectively inhibited Smad3 phosphorylation in UUO kidneys, suppressed renal expression of α-SMA, collagen I, and fibronectin, and resulted in impressive renal protection after obstructive injury. Late administration of GQ5 also effectively attenuated fibrotic lesions in obstructive nephropathy. In conclusion, our results suggest that GQ5 hinders renal fibrosis in rats by selective inhibition of TGF-β1–induced Smad3 phosphorylation.
Neonatal Liver Cell Donation: A Case Report
Authors: Godfrey Kathleen , Kish Mary Z.
Published: November 2014

ABSTRACT

Traditional organ transplant options for newborns have been rare. There continues to be an increasing need for organs for transplant and a limited number of available organs, especially for small children. Liver cell transplantation is a promising alternative to orthotopic liver transplantation to treat liver-based inborn errors of metabolism.1 The procedure is minimally invasive and can be performed repeatedly. The safety of the procedure has been well established, and the clinical results are encouraging.1 The liver cell donation process is an option for families who experience the loss of a newborn and offers them a legacy for their child by providing life for others. The purpose of this article is to discuss the neonatal liver cell donation process and present a case report of an anencephalic infant whose parents chose to participate in this unique program.
Predictors of Tobacco Use Among New York State Addiction Treatment Patients
Authors: Guydish Joseph , Yu Jiang , Le Thao , Pagano Anna , Delucchi Kevin
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We used admissions data from the New York State addiction treatment system to assess patient self-reported tobacco use and factors associated with tobacco use.

Methods. We compared prevalence of tobacco use in the state addiction treatment system with that of a national sample of people receiving addiction treatment and with that of the New York general population in 2005 to 2008. A random effects logistic model assessed relationships between patient- and program-level variables and tobacco use.

Results. Prevalence of tobacco use in the New York treatment system was similar to that in national addiction treatment data and was 3 to 4 times higher than that in the general population. Co-occurring mental illness, opiate use, methadone treatment, and being a child of a substance-abusing parent were associated with higher rates of tobacco use.

Conclusions. We call on federal leadership to build capacity to address tobacco use in addiction treatment, and we call on state leadership to implement tobacco-free grounds policies in addiction treatment systems.
Inside Maine’s Medicine Cabinet: Findings From the Drug Enforcement Administration's Medication Take-Back Events
Authors: Stewart Heather , Malinowski Alexandra , Ochs Leslie , Jaramillo Jeanie , McCall Kenneth , Sullivan Meghan
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We evaluated the quantity and type of medications obtained in unused-medications return programs and the proportion of medication waste.

Methods. We analyzed data collected in 11 Maine cities in 2011 to 2013 during 6 Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) national medication take-back events. Pharmacy doctoral student volunteers collected data under the supervision of law enforcement, independent of the DEA. Data entry into the Pharmaceutical Collection Monitoring System, through its interface with Micromedex, allowed for analysis of medication classification, controlled substance category, therapeutic class, and percentage of medication waste (units returned/units dispensed).

Results. Medication take-back events resulted in return of 13 599 individual medications from 1049 participants. We cataloged 553 019 units (capsules, tablets, milliliters, patches, or grams), representing 69.7% medication waste. Noncontrolled prescription medications accounted for 56.4% of returns, followed by over-the-counter medications (31.4%) and controlled prescription medications (9.1%).

Conclusions. The significant quantities of medications, including controlled substances, returned and high degree of medication waste emphasize the need for medication collection programs to further public health research and improve health in our communities.
Variations in Asian Americans: How Neighborhood Concordance Is Associated With Health Care Access and Utilization
Authors: Chang Eva , Chan Kitty S.
Published: November 2014

We examined associations of different levels of same-ethnicity neighborhood concordance with health care access and utilization among all Asian American, Chinese, Filipino, and Vietnamese adults (aged 18–64 years) using the 2005, 2007, and 2009 California Health Interview Survey and the 2010 US Census. Although associations varied by subgroup, Asian Americans in highly concordant neighborhoods were more likely to lack a usual source of care but did not lack doctor visits or experience delays in medical care and prescriptions.
Prospective Associations Among Assets and Successful Transition to Early Adulthood
Authors: Oman Roy F. , Vesely Sara K. , Aspy Cheryl B. , Tolma Eleni L.
Published: November 2014

Objectives. We investigated prospective associations among assets (e.g., family communication), which research has shown to protect youths from risk behavior, and successful transition to early adulthood (STEA).

Methods. We included participants (n = 651) aged 18 years and older at study wave 5 (2007–2008) of the Youth Asset Study, in the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, metro area, in the analyses. We categorized 14 assets into individual-, family-, or community-level groups. We included asset groups assessed at wave 1 (2003–2004) in linear regression analyses to predict STEA 4 years later at wave 5.

Results. Individual- and community-level assets significantly (P < .05) predicted STEA 4 years later and the associations were generally linear, indicating that the more assets participants possessed the better the STEA outcome. There was a gender interaction for family-level assets suggesting that family-level assets were significant predictors of STEA for males but not for females.

Conclusions. Public health programming should focus on community- and family-level youth assets as well as individual-level youth assets to promote positive health outcomes in early adulthood.
Demand Forecasting for Domestic Air Transportation in Turkey
Authors: Sivrikaya Orhan , Tunc Enar
Published: November 2014

introduction

Patients have the right to influence the care they receive, but their wish to participate in care
decision-making is unclear.

Aim

This study investigates whether participation in nursing documentation influences patient participation in care
decision-making, mastery, self-esteem, empowerment and depressive feelings among adult in-patients with chronic
disease.

Materials and Methodology

Adult patients (n=39) with chronic diseases were randomized. The intervention group
participated in nursing documentation. Upon departure, patients filled in questionnaires about participation in care
decision-making, mastery, self-esteem, empowerment and depressive feelings.

Results

The majority of the patients preferred a collaborative or passive role regarding care decision-making. Lack of
knowledge was one reason for non-participation. Having been diagnosed more than five years previously meant stronger
empowerment.

Conclusion

It is a challenge for nurses to find strategies to assess patients’ wishes regarding participation in care
decision-making. Nurses must support patients’ knowledge of their disease and empowerment.
Public Commitment, Resistance to Advertising, and Leisure Promotion in a School-Based Drug Abuse Prevention Program: A Component Dismantling Study
Authors: Hernández-Serrano Olga , Griffin Kenneth W. , García-Fernández José Manuel , Espada Mireia Orgilés José P.
Published: November 2014

The objective of the present study was to examine the contribution of three intervention components (public commitment, resistance to advertising, and leisure promotion) on alcohol and protective variables in a school-based substance use prevention program. Participants included 480 Spanish students aged from 14 to 16 who received the Saluda prevention program in one of the following five experimental conditions: complete program, program minus public commitment, program minus resistance to advertising, program minus leisure promotion, and a waiting-list control. The students completed self-report surveys at pretest, posttest, and 6-month follow-up assessments. When excluding the healthy leisure promotion component, the Saluda program showed no loss of efficacy neither on alcohol use nor on other substance-related variables, while public commitment and resistance to advertising improved the aforementioned program's efficacy.
Dialogic Practices in Using Podcasting and Blogging as Teaching Tools for Teachers Seeking Esol Certificate
Authors: Kim Deoksoon , Jang Seung Eun
Published: November 2014

Rapid globalization and the emergence of new instructional technologies have encouraged educators to explore technologies like podcasting and blogging to enhance their teaching. This study examines how six English speakers of other languages (ESOL) teachers used podcasting and blogging to help young English learners, themselves 21st century digital citizens. The ESOL teachers used technology to develop innovative teaching methods and enhance their professional identities. Four themes emerged from the examination of ESOL teachers' uses of new technologies to increase peer engagement through deep classroom interaction: ESOL teachers' varying levels of use of instructional innovations, dialogic uses of podcasting and blogging to encourage educational engagement, the impact of innovative technology on teachers' professional identities, teaching digital-native English learners, benefits of technology for assignments, and challenges for ESOL teachers' active learning.
Numerical study of free convective MHD flow past a vertical cone in non-Darcian porous media
Authors: Gouse Mohiddin , Bég Anwar , Varma Vijaya
Published: November 2014

A numerical study of buoyancy-driven unsteady natural convection boundary layer flow past a vertical cone embedded in a non-Darcian isotropic porous regime with transverse magnetic field applied normal to the surface is considered. The heat and mass flux at the surface of the cone is modeled as a power-law according to qw(x) = xm and q*w (x) = xn respectively, where x denotes the coordinate along the slant face of the cone. Both Darcian drag and Forchheimer quadratic porous impedance are incorporated into the two-dimensional viscous flow model. The transient boundary layer equations are then non-dimensionalized and solved by the Crank-Nicolson implicit difference method. The velocity, temperature and concentration fields have been studied for the effect of Grashof number, Darcy number, Forchheimer number, Prandtl number, surface heat flux power-law exponent (m), surface mass flux power-law exponent (n), Schmidt number, buoyancy ratio parameter
and semi-vertical angle of the cone. Present results for selected variables for the purely fluid regime are compared with the non-porous study by Hossain and Paul [9] and are found to be in excellent agreement. The local skin friction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are also analyzed graphically. The study finds important applications in geophysical heat transfer, industrial manufacturing processes and hybrid solar energy systems.
S-wave propagating in an anisotropic inhomogeneous elastic medium under the influence of gravity, initial stress, electric and magnetic field
Authors: Kakar Rajneesh , Kakar Shikha
Published: November 2014

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of gravity, initial stress,
non-homogeneity, electric and magnetic field on the propagation of shear
waves in an anisotropic incompressible medium. Various graphs are plotted to
show the effect of direction of propagation, the anisotropy, magnetic field,
electric field, non-homogeneity of the medium and the initial stress on shear
waves. The dispersion equations for shear waves are obtained and discussed
for different cases. In fact, in the absence of various material parameters,
these equations are in agreement with the classical results for isotropic
medium.
Correction of DOI numbers
Authors: Editorial Board
Published: November 2014

For 22 papers published in journal THERMAL SCIENCE
Vol. 18, No. 3, Part one, 2014 Dear readers, by our error, in 22 papers
published in THERMAL SCIENCE, Vol. 18, No. 3, Part one, 2014, WRONG DOI
numbers have been written (first six digits were written 10.2289, instead
of correct 10.2298. Correct DOI numbers are given in the list of papers
written below: Part One Selected papers from the 8th SDEWES Dubrovnik
Conference
The effect of increased fresh water from Antarctic ice shelves on future trends in Antarctic sea ice
Authors: Bintanja R. , van Oldenborgh G.J. , Katsman C.A.
Published: November 2014

Observations show that, in contrast to the Arctic, the area of Antarctic sea ice has increased since 1979. A potential driver of this significant increase relates to the mass loss of the Antarctic ice sheet. Subsurface ocean warming causes basal ice-shelf melt, freshening the surface waters around Antarctica, which leads to increases in sea-ice cover. With climate warming ongoing, future mass-loss rates are projected to accelerate, which has the potential to affect future Antarctic sea-ice trends. Here we investigate to what extent future sea-ice trends are influenced by projected increases in Antarctic freshwater flux due to subsurface melt, using a state-of-the-art global climate model (EC-Earth) in standardized Climate Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) climate-change simulations. Virtually all CMIP5 models disregard ocean–ice-sheet interactions and project strongly retreating Antarctic sea ice. Applying various freshwater flux scenarios, we find that the additional fresh water significantly offsets the decline in sea-ice area and is even able to reverse the trend in the strongest freshwater forcing scenario that can reasonably be expected, especially in austral winter. The model also simulates decreasing sea surface temperatures (SSTs), with the SST trends exhibiting strong regional variations that largely correspond to regional sea-ice trends.
RETRACTED: Effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A and valproic acid on hair cell regeneration in zebrafish lateral line neuromasts
Authors: He Yingzi , Cai Chengfu , Tang Dongmei , Sun Shan , Li Huawei
Published: November 2014

In humans, auditory hair cells are not replaced when injured. Thus, cochlear hair cell loss causes progressive and permanent hearing loss. Conversely, non-mammalian vertebrates are capable of regenerating lost sensory hair cells. The zebrafish lateral line has numerous qualities that make it well-suited for studying hair cell development and regeneration. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity has been shown to have an important role in regenerative processes in vertebrates, but its function in hair cell regeneration in vivo is not fully understood. Here, we have examined the role of HDAC activity in hair cell regeneration in the zebrafish lateral line. We eliminated lateral line hair cells of 5-day post-fertilization larvae using neomycin and then treated the larvae with HDAC inhibitors. To assess hair cell regeneration, we used 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation in zebrafish larvae to label mitotic cells after hair cell loss. We found that pharmacological inhibition of HDACs using trichostatin A (TSA) or valproic acid (VPA) increased histone acetylation in the regenerated neuromasts following neomycin-induced damage. We also showed that treatment with TSA or VPA decreased the number of supporting cells and regenerated hair cells in response to hair cell damage. Additionally, BrdU immunostaining and western blot analysis showed that TSA or VPA treatment caused a significant decrease in the percentage of S-phase cells and induced p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 expression, both of which are likely to explain the decrease in the amount of newly regenerated hair cells in treated embryos. Finally, we showed that HDAC inhibitors induced no observable cell death in neuromasts as measured by cleaved caspase-3 immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. Taken together, our results demonstrate that HDAC activity has an important role in the regeneration of hair cells in the lateral line.
How Do Modern Extreme Hydrothermal Environments Inform the Identification of Martian Habitability? The Case of the El Tatio Geyser Field
Authors: Barbieri Roberto , Cavalazzi Barbara
Published: November 2014

Despite the success in knowledge gained by the Mars missions in the last two decades, the search for traces of life on Mars is still in progress. The reconstruction of (paleo-) environments on Mars have seen a dramatic increase, in particular with regard to the potentially habitable conditions, and it is now possible to recognize a significant role to subaerial hydrothermal processes. For this reason, and because the conditions of the primordial Earth—when these extreme environments had to be common—probably resembled Mars during its most suitable time to host life, research on terrestrial extreme hydrothermal habitats may assist in understanding how to recognize life on Mars. A number of geological and environmental reasons, and logistics opportunities, make the geothermal field of El Tatio, in the Chilean Andes an ideal location to study.
External Application of the Volatile Oil from Blumea balsamifera May Be Safe for Liver — A Study on Its Chemical Composition and Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Pang Yu-Xin , Fan Zuo-Wang , Wang Dan , Yang Quan , Wang Kai , Chen Xiao-Lu , Hu Xuan , Yu Fu-Lai , Chen Zhen-Xia
Published: November 2014

Ainaxiang (Blumea balsamifera), also known as Sambong, is an important ancient medicinal herb in Southeast Asia. It is rich in volatile oil, and still widely used nowadays for skin wound healing and treatment of sore throats. We analyzed the volatile oil from Blumea balsamifera (BB oil) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Forty one components, including l-borneol, were identified. Next, the damaging effects of BB oil diluted with olive oil on liver at different concentrations (100%, 50%, 20%), were evaluated, using both normal and wounded skin. Plasma ALT, AST, ALP and TBili were assessed, along with liver histopathology. The results showed that serum levels of liver toxicity markers in the high concentration groups (100% w/v) increased compared with control groups, whereas no significant changes was observed in histopathology of liver samples. In the wound groups, treatment with BB oil resulted in a decrease in serum toxicity index, compared with normal animal groups. This study confirms the safety of short term BB oil consumption, though high BB oil doses may lead to mild liver injury and this response might be weakened in the case of cutaneous wounds. These results are expected to be helpful for guiding appropriate therapeutic use of BB oil.
Pterocarpan-Enriched Soy Leaf Extract Ameliorates Insulin Sensitivity and Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation in Type 2 Diabetic Mice
Authors: Kim Un-Hee , Yoon Jeong-Hyun , Li Hua , Kang Ji-Hyun , Ji Hyeon-Seon , Park Ki , Shin Dong-Ha , Park Ho-Yong , Jeong Tae-Sook
Published: November 2014

In Korea, soy (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) leaves are eaten as a seasonal vegetable or pickled in soy sauce. Ethyl acetate extracts of soy leaves (EASL) are enriched in pterocarpans and have potent α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This study investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-diabetic effect of EASL in C57BL/6J mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced type 2 diabetes. Mice were randomly divided into normal diet (ND), HFD (60 kcal% fat diet), EASL (HFD with 0.56% (wt/wt) EASL), and Pinitol (HFD with 0.15% (wt/wt) pinitol) groups. Weight gain and abdominal fat accumulation were significantly suppressed by EASL. Levels of plasma glucose, HbA1c, and insulin in the EASL group were significantly lower than those of the HFD group, and the pancreatic islet of the EASL group had greater size than those of the HFD group. EASL group up-regulated neurogenin 3 (Ngn3), paired box 4 (Pax4), and v-maf musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog A (MafA), which are markers of pancreatic cell development, as well as insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1), IRS2, and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), which are related to insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, EASL suppressed genes involved in hepatic gluconeogenesis and steatosis. These results suggest that EASL improves plasma glucose and insulin levels in mice with HDF-induced type 2 diabetes by regulating β-cell proliferation and insulin sensitivity.
Proteolysis, NaOH and Ultrasound-Enhanced Extraction of Anticoagulant and Antioxidant Sulfated Polysaccharides from the Edible Seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae
Authors: Fidelis Gabriel , Camara Rafael , Queiroz Moacir , Costa Mariana , Santos Pablo , Rocha Hugo , Costa Leandro
Published: November 2014

The sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from the edible red seaweed, Gracilaria birdiae, were obtained using five different extraction conditions: Gracilaria birdiae 1 (GB1)-water; GB1s-water/sonication; GB1sp-water/sonication/proteolysis; GB2s-NaOH/sonication; and GB2sp-NaOH/sonication/proteolysis. The yield (g) increased in the following order: GB2sp > GB1sp > GB2s > GB1s > GB1. However, the amount of SP extracted increased in a different way: GB2sp > GB1 > GB1sp > GB1s > GB2s. Infrared and electrophoresis analysis showed that all conditions extracted the same SP. In addition, monosaccharide composition showed that ultrasound promotes the extraction of polysaccharides other than SP. In the prothrombin time (PT) test, which evaluates the extrinsic coagulation pathway, none of the samples showed anticoagulant activity. While in the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) test, which evaluates the intrinsic coagulation pathway, all samples showed anticoagulant activity, except GB2s. The aPTT activity decreased in the order of GB1sp > GB2sp > GB1 > GB1s > GB2s. The total capacity antioxidant (TCA) of the SP was also affected by extraction condition, since GB2s and GB1 showed lower activity in comparison to the other conditions. In conclusion, the conditions of SP extraction influence their biological activities and chemical composition. The data revealed that NaOH/sonication/proteolysis was the best condition to extract anticoagulant and antioxidant SPs from Gracilaria birdiae.
Novel Polycarbo-Substituted Alkyl (Thieno[3,2-c]quinoline)-2-Carboxylates: Synthesis and Cytotoxicity Studies
Authors: Mphahlele Malose , Maluleka Marole , Makhafola Tshepiso , Mabeta Peace
Published: November 2014

Direct one-pot base-promoted conjugate addition–elimination of 6,8-dibromo-4-chloroquinoline-3-carbaldehyde with methyl mercaptoacetate and subsequent cyclization afforded methyl [(6,8-dibromothieno[3,2-c]quinoline)]-2-carboxylate. The latter undergoes Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling with arylboronic acids to yield exclusively the corresponding alkyl [(6,8-diarylthieno[3,2-c]quinoline)]-2-carboxylates,. The cytotoxicity of the prepared compounds was evaluated against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 using the MTT assay. The effects of compounds 2, 3c and 4d on cell kinetics were further determined using the xCELLigence Real Time Cell Analysis (RTCA) system. In both the MTT assay and Real Time Cell Analysis, the compounds inhibited cancer cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Furthermore, on the basis of the calculated LC50 values, the compounds compared favourably with nocodazole, a well-established anticancer drug.
Effects of the Continuous Administration of an Agaricus blazei Extract to Rats on Oxidative Parameters of the Brain and Liver during Aging
Authors: De Sá-Nakanishi Anacharis , Soares Andréia , Natali Maria , Comar Jurandir , Peralta Rosane , Bracht Adelar
Published: November 2014

An investigation of the effects of an aqueous extract of Agaricus blazei, a medicinal mushroom, on the oxidative state of the brain and liver of rats during aging (7 to 23 months) was conducted. The treatment consisted in the daily intragastric administration of 50 mg/kg of the extract. The A. blazei treatment tended to maintain the ROS contents of the brain and liver at lower levels, but a significant difference was found only at the age of 23 months and in the brain. The TBARS levels in the brain were maintained at lower levels by the A. blazei treatment during the whole aging process with a specially pronounced difference at the age of 12 months. The total antioxidant capacity in the brain was higher in treated rats only at the age of 12 months. Compared with previous studies in which old rats (21 months) were treated during a short period of 21 days with 200 mg/kg, the effects of the A. blazei extract in the present study tended to be less pronounced. The results also indicate that the long and constant treatment presented a tendency of becoming less effective at ages above 12 months.
Correction: Three New Ursane-type Triterpenoids from the Stems of Saprosma merrillii. Molecules 2013, 18, 14496-14504
Authors: Zhang Jun-Yan , Chen Wen-Hao , Zhang Da-Shuai , Chen Guang-Ying , Zhou Xue-Ming , Song Xiao-Ping , Han Chang-Ri
Published: November 2014

The authors wish to inform readers that there are several minor errors and omissions in the chemical structures of compounds 1–3 shown in Figure 1 of this paper [1]. Their structures were re-elucidated by detailed analysis of the NMR, MS, and X-ray crystallographic data. The E-ring of 1–3 is a five-membered ring, and the hydroxyls of 3 at C-6 and C-7 are both in a β-orientation rather than α. The corrected Figure 1 is shown below.[...]
Micronutrient Status in Female University Students: Iron, Zinc, Copper, Selenium, Vitamin B12 and Folate
Authors: Fayet-Moore Flavia , Petocz Peter , Samman Samir
Published: November 2014

Young women are at an increased risk of micronutrient deficiencies, particularly due to higher micronutrient requirements during childbearing years and multiple food group avoidances. The objective of this study was to investigate biomarkers of particular micronutrients in apparently healthy young women. Female students (n = 308; age range 18–35 year; Body Mass Index 21.5 ± 2.8 kg/m2; mean ± SD) were recruited to participate in a cross-sectional study. Blood samples were obtained from participants in the fasted state and analysed for biomarkers of iron status, vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, selenium, zinc, and copper. The results show iron deficiency anaemia, unspecified anaemia, and hypoferritinemia in 3%, 7% and 33.9% of participants, respectively. Low vitamin B12 concentrations (<120 pmol/L) were found in 11.3% of participants, while 4.7% showed sub-clinical deficiency based on serum methylmalonic acid concentrations >0.34 μmol/L. Folate concentrations below the reference range were observed in 1.7% (serum) or 1% (erythrocytes) of participants, and 99.7% of the participant had erythrocyte-folate concentrations >300 nmol/L. Serum zinc concentrations <10.7 μmol/L were observed in 2% of participants. Serum copper and selenium concentrations were below the reference range in 23% and 11% of participants, respectively. Micronutrient deficiencies including iron and vitamin B12, and apparent excess of folate are present in educated Australian female students of childbearing age, including those studying nutrition. The effects of dietary behaviours and food choices on markers of micronutrient status require further investigation.
Solar Paint: From Synthesis to Printing
Authors: Zhou Xiaojing , Belcher Warwick , Dastoor Paul
Published: November 2014

Water-based polymer nanoparticle dispersions (solar paint) offer the prospect of addressing two of the main challenges associated with printing large area organic photovoltaic devices; namely, how to control the nanoscale architecture of the active layer and eliminate the need for hazardous organic solvents during device fabrication. In this paper, we review progress in the field of nanoparticulate organic photovoltaic (NPOPV) devices and future prospects for large-scale manufacturing of solar cells based on this technology.
Plages éphémères et ville durable : l'exemple de Paris (Short-lived beach and long-lasting city : the Paris case)
Authors: Fagnoni Edith
Published: November 2014

La ville cherche, à travers des temps éphémères, à se mettre en scène. L 'exemple de la plage sans la mer en plein Paris renvoie à la question de la ville scénographiée, Paris-plage est un objet fabriqué. La scénographie joue avec des références culturelles communes afin d'inciter les publics à croire instantanément à un concept étranger à la réalité urbaine et d'en avoir le sentiment : il crée l'utopie. L 'utopie prend ici sa source dans la juxtaposition de deux entités antagonistes que sont Paris et la plage. La Seine « est » l'identité de Paris. Elle alimente le Paris immuable des prospectus publicitaires et correspond au Paris « cliché » qu 'attend le touriste, estampillé du label patrimoine mondial qui renvoie au lien durable et pérenne des lieux. Parallèlement se pose la question d'une stratégie entre muséification et maintien d'un patrimoine vivant. Ces « rendez-vous urbains » se présentent comme de nouveaux liens entre Paris et le fleuve. Ils sont conçus comme des événements urbains festifs émanant d'une nouvelle branche de l'urbanisme, celle de l'« urbanisme événementiel ». En s 'institutionnalisant, l 'édification de « lieux-moments » collectifs, débouche sur un « urbanisme temporaire » modifiant périodiquement et temporairement l'attractivité de morceaux du tissu urbain, en jouant de cette rupture temporaire avec le mode de vie et de culture du lieu. Cet « urbanisme temporaire » met en scène et en intrigue le cadre de vie quotidien. La multiplication d'événements urbains sur le concept « Paris-plage » justifie que « l 'événementiel », puissant outil de communication, devient un enjeu d'aménagement.
Élargissement européen et réseaux aériens à bas prix. À la conquête de l'Est ou de l'Ouest ? (European enlargement and low-price airline networks. Winning the East or the West ?)
Authors: Dobruszkes Frédéric
Published: November 2014

Until a few years ago, European low-cost air travel supply was almost entirely centred on Western Europe. However, the EU enlargement to East Central Europe has widened the liberalized space, offering airlines from the West and the East new service opportunities. Consequently, low-cost supply has diversified to the benefit of West-East connections representing almost 60% of the new air services between Western and Eastern Europe. Western low-cost airlines dominate the market against Eastern companies. The new West-East low-cost companies seem to reflect the post-migratory mobility flows of Central-Eastern populations who have gone to work in the West, new tourist behaviours, as well as the integration of East Central Europe in the EU.
First record of the genus Venanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) in Mesoamerica, with the description of two new species from Costa Rica
Authors: Fernandez-Triana Jose , Whitfield James , Smith M. Alex , Hallwachs Winnie , Janzen Daniel
Published: November 2014

The New World genus Venanus (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Microgastrinae) is a small group of parasitoid wasps that includes two Nearctic and seven Neotropical species. Here two additional species, authored by Fernández-Triana & Whitfield, are described from Costa Rica: V. johnnyrosalesi sp. n. from Area de Conservación Guanacaste (ACG) and V. randallgarciai sp. n. from Area de Conservación Cordillera Volcanica Central. They represent the first record of the genus for Mesoamerica. A previous key to all known Venanus (Whitfield et al. 2011) is modified to include the new species. The Costa Rican species were collected at altitudes of 1,400–1,460 m, but nothing is known of their biology. DNA barcodes were obtained for both species and are included as part of the description along with extensive photos. This paper is part of a series inventorying the diversity of Microgastrinae in ACG.
Societal well-being in Europe. from theoretical perspectives to a multidimensional measurement
Authors: Aschauer Wolfgang
Published: November 2014

L’union européenne fait face à des défis économiques et les scénarios futuristes pessimistes ont la capacité d’influencer progressivement le fonctionnement de la société. Les signes des processus de désintégration et la perception des crises sociales peuvent être expliqués par les conditions actuelles de la société, à savoir les transformations rapides (dans le contexte de la politique européenne d’intégration), l’augmentation des inégalités au sein et entre les États membres de l’Union Européenne, ainsi que la forte insécurité affectant la cohésion sociale. L’objectif principal de cet article est d’élaborer un concept permettant d’analyser et de mesurer les sentiments subjectifs de crise dans les études transnationales s’appuyant sur des données d’enquêtes (base de données de l’Enquête sociale européenne). La partie empirique de ce travail fournit une première approche d’un protocole multidimensionnel pour les évaluations subjectives sur le fonctionnement de la société. On y analyse si les construits sociaux des facteurs du bien-être social sont une mesure fiable (en prenant en compte également plusieurs sous-facteurs), s’ils peuvent être considérés comme des équivalents transculturels à travers l’Europe, comment l’étendue de la perception de la crise varie entre les États européens et à travers le temps et si les restrictions des conditions objectives de vie et de bien-être social sont capables d’expliquer l’ethnocentrisme.
Bien-être et ressenti des discriminations à l'école. une étude empirique en contexte ségrégué
Authors: Fouquet-Chauprade Barbara
Published: November 2014

Cet article vise à mieux comprendre les mécanismes du bien-être à l’école. En France, peu d’enquêtes traitent de cette question. Pourtant, Meuret et Marivain (1997) montraient la place centrale du bien-être dans l’explication des phénomènes scolaires. À leur suite, on peut considérer qu’une inégale répartition du bien-être entre les établissements et entre les classes au sein même des collèges constitue une injustice sociale de premier ordre (Fouquet-Chauprade, 2013). L’enquête de terrain s’est déroulée dans six collèges parmi les plus ségrégués des académies de Bordeaux et de Créteil dans lesquels 1350 questionnaires ont été administrés. Dans ce contexte, la question du ressenti des discriminations est particulièrement saillante, et nous faisons l’hypothèse qu’elle explique une bonne part du bien-être scolaire, davantage encore que l’origine ethnique des élèves (Safi, 2010). Ce lien entre discriminations ressenties et bien-être s’explique probablement par l’effet produit sur les aspirations sociales et scolaires. Ce sont en tout cas les hypothèses de départ de cette contribution, qui ne sont que partiellement vérifiées.
Ce qui énervait Henri Piéron
Authors: Ohayon Annick
Published: November 2014

Pendant plus d’un demi-siècle, Henri Piéron consacra toute son énergie à créer et développer les applications sociales de la psychologie. Il était très conscient des enjeux politiques, économiques mais aussi scientifiques que ces nouvelles pratiques allaient soulever, particulièrement dans les domaines des affaires et de l’entreprise. Il ne put, cependant, empêcher certaines dérives commerciales ou charlatanesques, conduites au nom de la psychologie par des gens qui n’étaient pas psychologues. Étudier les colères d’Henri Piéron n’est pas anecdotique, mais contribue à éclairer certains aspects cruciaux de l’histoire de la psychologie appliquée.
Et la paresse alors ?
Authors: Fonseca Christiane
Published: November 2014

Après les différentes définitions de la paresse, depuis les jugements les plus sévères qui la voient comme un défaut et même un vice, jusqu’aux conceptions psychologiques qui l’interprètent comme un symptôme, c’est un souvenir de Jung qui révèle toute la complexité de ce symptôme. Il peut en effet évoquer une mollesse corporelle, un manque de volonté, une révolte intérieure et une propension à la rêverie névrotique, qui entraîne une fuite du réel, mais qui favorise aussi une capacité de rêverie, propice à la contemplation et à la création.
Bill Viola, une expérience du temps
Authors: Halbout Reine-Marie
Published: November 2014

À Paris, au Grand Palais, la première exposition consacrée à un vidéaste s’est déroulée de mars à juillet 2014. Cet événement exceptionnel a permis à un large public de découvrir l’œuvre de Bill Viola. Ce « peintre numérique » se saisit des moyens techniques les plus performants pour faire partager aux spectateurs sa passion pour l’histoire de la peinture, les Mystères et les grandes traditions mystiques. Le dispositif particulier de l’exposition permettait un accès intime à cette rétrospective et l’auteure de cet article se propose d’en restituer les impressions produites, les émotions ressenties. Ce texte est donc le récit d’une expérience sensible.
Corps transparent, esprit nouveau
Authors: Sicard Monique
Published: November 2014

Résumé On ne peut franchir le seuil d’un cabinet médical sans en ressortir avec une image de son propre corps. Ce corps désormais révélé, par des technologies à évolution rapide, a d’importants effets culturels, autant sur l’image que nous avons de nous-même que sur la nature même de l’acte clinique.
Le livre : du lutrin à la vitrine
Authors: Grillet Thierry
Published: November 2014

Résumé Au moment où la lecture publique et les pratiques lettrées encaissent l’effet de souffle de la progression explosive du Web, d’autres médiations se cherchent pour introduire au patrimoine écrit. Et montrer à travers quelles incarnations la société du livre s’est affirmée et parfois interrogée ... Avec l’espoir d’atténuer la fracture culturelle qui menace, à sa manière, l’édifice de la transmission...
Le secret du « Secret de maître Cornille »
Authors: Dautun Jean-Pierre
Published: November 2014

Résumé La médiologie peut tenir quelques textes du passé pour précurseurs de ses préoccupations : sortes de leçons préinaugurales. Ainsi du célèbre chapitre de Notre Dame de Paris , « Ceci tuera cela », où Hugo fait entrevoir le remplacement du livre de pierre des cathédrales par le livre de papier. Voici un autre de ces textes antémédiologiques : Le Secret de maître Cornille , d’Alphonse Daudet.
Soft power : l'apprenti sorcier
Authors: Huyghe François-Bernard
Published: November 2014

Résumé Toute puissance politique a besoin de stratégies d’influence. Quand l’État américain se dote de moyens de séduction, médias et réseaux, il s’expose parfois à des surprises.
La transmission de l'œuvre
Authors: Maurel-Indart Hélène
Published: November 2014

1992-2013 : vingt ans de jurisprudence pour préciser, au gré des contentieux sur la propriété intellectuelle, les conditions de transmission des connaissances d’un livre à l’autre, d’un auteur à l’autre, d’une génération à la suivante.
Point barre
Authors: Debray Régis
Published: November 2014

La méthode simplement c’est le chemin tel qu’il nous apparaît quand, arrivé au bout, on se retourne sur ses pas. Voici un itinéraire personnel, méthodiquement retracé, un parmi tant d’autres possibles.
Le désert des Tatars
Authors: Zeghidour Slimane
Published: November 2014

Comment peut-on être Ukrainien ? De toutes les façons de l’être, celle des Tatars de Crimée n’est ni la plus banale ni la moins douloureuse.
Remontrances confraternelles
Authors: Kahn Jean-François , Debray Régis
Published: November 2014

L’horreur médiatique ? C’est beaucoup dire. La thèse de Jean-François Kahn tient en une phrase bien frappée : « Les médias de partis ont fait peu à peu place aux différents organes du parti des médias. » Ce parti, comme les autres, véhicule des idées, mais le médiatisme est un syncrétisme, « dont les deux principaux ingrédients renvoient à un progressisme sociétal et à un conservatisme économico-social, quitte à virer libertaire ici et réactionnaire là. » Deux figures l’incarnent : Daniel Cohn-Bendit, qui en est la quintessence et (plus ambigu) Nicolas Sarkozy. Mais à la différence des partis politiques appelés à gouverner, le parti médiatique décline toute responsabilité. « On sait ce qu’ils rejettent, on ignore ce qu’ils préconisent exactement. » La cause de cette mutation ? La professionnalisation qui fait émerger un esprit de corps, une confraternité, qui produit elle-même « son propre ciment unificateur ». En conséquence, la forteresse médiatique ainsi bétonnée s’isole et se coupe de l’opinion, laquelle s’égare de son côté dans de toutes autres voies : celles du populisme, dénoncé de manière, « hystérique ». Qui châtie bien, aime bien. Cette critique en forme de remontrance fraternelle nous vaut des coups de chapeau (un peu trop appuyés ?) aux confrères. « Et, cependant, oui, l’univers médiatique recèle aujourd’hui plus de trésors de talents, de réserve de savoirs et d’inventivité qu’hier ; le courage n’y manque pas, l’honnêteté et la lucidité s’y appuient sur plus d’énergies potentielles, fussent-elles bridées, que dans le passé. » Avec un tel ennemi, on n’a pas besoin d’amis. Ce qui n’empêche pas JFK de conclure de manière à la fois optimiste et désabusée : « Ce n’est pas de l’extérieur que l’on parviendra à libérer la planète médiatique de l’attraction du pire. C’est de l’intérieur. Nous en sommes, nous, devenus incapables. Soit parce que complices, soit parce que découragés. Une nouvelle génération devra assumer cette mission : contre l’horreur médiatique, rétablir l’honneur médiatique. Elle y parviendra. » ( Paul Soriano)
Les nouveaux rythmes de la politique dans les sociétés à grande vitesse
Authors: Scheuerman William
Published: November 2014

Résumé Nos sociétés à grande vitesse se caractérisent par un déphasage entre des rythmes rivaux. Le capitalisme accéléré entre en conflit avec le tempo nécessairement plus lent de la démocratie délibérative. L’effondrement financier de 2008 a montré combien la vitesse des processus économiques automatisés dépasse aujourd’hui les capacités humaines de réaction des traders et des banquiers. Ce type de flash crash a pour effet de renforcer dangereusement le pouvoir exécutif.
La taxe de bienfaisance
Authors: Lavaud Juliette
Published: November 2014

Résumé Cet article rend compte des mécanismes relatifs à la récolte de fonds dans la rue pour les ONG. Cette pratique récente s’inscrit dans un contexte de professionnalisation croissante du secteur humanitaire. Il s’agit alors ici de repérer les éléments rhétoriques et pratiques qui concourent à légitimer ce type d’activité salariée et à le rendre efficient. L’analyse met en lumière l’apparition d’une certaine prescription morale à l’égard des passants sollicités, le don est en effet présenté comme étant la meilleure forme d’« action » possible pour endiguer l’accroissement de l’indigence.
La métamorphose du cercueil
Authors: Secretan Thierry
Published: November 2014

Résumé Les premiers articles de Thierry Secretan consacrés aux cercueils figuratifs du Ghana remontent à 1988 (Sunday Telegraph, GEO, Life). À travers ces articles, un film documentaire puis un livre ( Il fait sombre va t’en, édition Hazan 1994, Thames & Hudson 1995), il a révélé au monde occidental cet art funéraire né à la fin des années 1950 au Ghana et en a établi les origines. En 1999, Erimore, retraitée écossaise, vit deux de ces cercueils ghanéens, une Mercedes et une pirogue, disposés sur le plateau d’une émission de télévision anglaise. Ils appartenaient à une entreprise de pompes funèbres de Bristol à laquelle Erimore passa aussitôt commande : son cercueil serait une réplique de l’avion utilisé par les Red Arrows , la patrouille d’Angleterre. Le cercueil d’Erimore, reproduit dans toute la presse britannique fit des émules et à ce jour une douzaine de citoyens anglais ont passé commande. L’adoption d’une coutume africaine par des Européens est en soi un fait culturel rare. Dès lors Thierry Secretan a décidé de rencontrer ces Anglais, de les interroger, puis de les photographier auprès de leur cercueil, essayant de comprendre comment ils tentent de donner un sens à leur mort.
Nuit noire selon Judée
Authors: Capparos Olivier
Published: November 2014

Résumé L’auteur de Nuit noire selon Judée a sans doute pensé à l’ auctor latin (« celui qui augmente ») en inscrivant ses personnages dans le flot tumultueux de la souffrance. Le corps s’en serait-il grandi ? En effet, les êtres humains nous ont montré que peu leur faut pour qu’un corps soit dégradé et détruit, et que, pour le reste, considérant l’imagination d’un avenir incertain où ils seraient encore « humains », la dégradation serait garante d’une modification selon la nature et le genre... Cette tâche, pour le moment, échoit à la poésie.