bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Is the Distinctiveness of Paediatric Chaplaincy?
Authors: Nash Paul , McSherry Wilfred
Published: September 2017

A systematic review of the literature was undertaken to identify the distinctiveness of paediatric chaplaincy. Four representative databases were searched using key words and Boolean searches: Proquest Nursing and Allied Health Source, Psychinfo, Cumulative Index of Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and American Theological Library Association (ATLA). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to identify pertinent literature. The search resulted in the identification of 96 items. These were retrieved and reviewed. A narrative approach to thematic analysis was adopted. This lead to the creation of four broad themes; relating to and supporting families including those receiving palliative, end of life and bereavement care; supporting children including spiritual and religious care; working as a part of multidisciplinary/ professional team; staff support and self-care. The findings suggest there is a notable lack of research undertaken by paediatric chaplains. Suggestions for education, practice and further research are offered.
Spiritual Guidance of Patients, Families and Medical Staff during Paediatric End of Life Care
Authors: Farkas Edina
Published: September 2017

This article offers four aspects of care that the chaplain caring for children in end of life situations in the Hungarian Christian context have found useful. It provides insights gained from accompanying about 100 children, their families and their medical staff on their end of life journey. Hospital chaplaincy is a new discipline in Hungarian health care. Using the tools of theology and psychology, the hospital chaplain strives to assist the individual in facing death and in working through the pain caused by bereavement. The four aspects of care in the chaplain’s hand to achieve this goal are the chaplain’s active presence (conversation/silence, sharing the burden of dying and death), promoting adequate communication (between patient/family member, patient/medical staff, family member/medical staff), creating opportunities to remember the deceased (photo frame, memorial service, contributing to the book of memories, follow up a er the child’s death) and assisting in turning to the transcendent (Bible stories, play, sacred songs and rituals).
Completing the Theory Practice Circle
Authors: Hodge Debbie
Published: September 2017

-
Influence of filler on the properties of magnesium oxychloride cement prepared from dolomite
Authors: Altiner Mahmut , Yildirim Mehmet
Published: September 2017

In this study, the objective was to determine the influence of using expanded perlite or exfoliated vermiculite as filler on the properties of magnesium oxychloride cement (MOC). The starting materials necessary for producing MOC were obtained from dolomite ore. Expanded perlite and exfoliated vermiculite were selected as filler for this study. The microstructure of MOC was imaged by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses. The experimental results demonstrate that the use of filler in the MOC led to a decrease in its density and thermal conductivity. The workability and fluidity of the MOC were strongly influenced by the amount of the filler. Although the amount of carbon in the MOC decreased with an increase in the amount of the filler, the carbonation of MOC was not totally prevented and it occurred through exposure of its surface to carbon dioxide at ambient temperature after 600 d of curing.
Ferromagnetically ordered clusters in austenite as the areas of martensite formation
Authors: Pustovoit Viktor Nikolaevich , Dolgachev Yuriy Vychislavovich
Published: September 2017

In this research, the peculiarities of the magnetic state of austenite of carbon steels were studied. The effect of an external magnetic field on the process of martensitic transformation is discussed. It is shown that there are nanoscale regions with ferromagnetic order in austenite. These regions are possible locations for the nucleation of martensite. In the case of magnetic field influence, the ferromagnetic clusters are able to perceive the energy of the external magnetic field by magnetostrictive stresses (which reduce the energy of martensite formation). Ferromagnetically ordered clusters have a certain critical size, below which the single-domain region becomes unstable. The dependence of the critical size of the ferromagnetic cluster on the intensity of the magnetic field was observed. This dependence shows that the higher the intensity of the field, the smaller the size of the clusters that can remain stable. Thus, a strong magnetic field increases the amount of ferromagnetic nanoclusters (consequently, the number of the nucleation centers of martensite increases). The results of the research allow estimating more accurately the effect of a magnetic field on decreasing the formation energy of a nucleation center.
Experimental study on cyclic tensile behaviour of concrete under various strain rates
Authors: Chen Xudong , Xu Lingyu , Shi Dandan , Chen Yuzhi , Zhou Wei , Wang Qiao
Published: September 2017

Owing to difficulties relating to the direct tension test on concrete, few test data are available. To study the effect of strain rate and unloading stress on the mechanical properties of concrete, three strain rates of 10−6s−1, 10−5s−1 and 10−4s−1 and four unloading stresses are considered in this cyclic tensile–compressive test and the theoretical analysis is performed. In the paper, the non-classical strain is used to describe the tensile–compressive behaviour of plain concrete. Experimental results indicate that the residual strain and the non-classical compressive strain amplitude increase gradually with the increase of the unloading non-classical strain, which is a form of damage evolution. Meanwhile, the non-classical tangent modulus degrades with the reduction of the unloading stress. This means that the accumulation of non-classical deformation accompanies the stiffness degradation of the material during the process of continuous cyclic loading. This paper proposes a model to describe the stress–strain relation of concrete under cyclic tensile–compressive loading at various strain rates. Finally, the Weibull distribution model is introduced to make a statistical analysis of the damage evolution of concrete under post-peak monotonic and cyclic loading. The Weibull distribution model is shown to be a reasonable method to describe the post-peak damage evolution of concrete.
Research themes, authors and methodologies in the South African Journal of Agricultural Extension: an analysis of publications 1999-2014
Authors: Ndhleve S , Yusuf S , Cishe N
Published: September 2017

The South African Journal of Agricultural Extension (SAJAE) is a scientific journal that acts as the mouthpiece for the South African Society of Agricultural Extension (SASAE), which was established in 1966, and through which it publishes articles and disseminates research information. This study examined the primary and secondary research themes and ascertained the prolific authors and the research methods and designs that were prevalent in the SAJAE issues published from 1999 to 2014. A total of 177 articles were reviewed and a total of 33 primary research themes (PRTs) and 36 secondary research themes (SRTs) were identified. The most emerging themes are "diffusion, and adoption of innovation". Two hundred and fifty-six SAJAE authors were identified, with G. H. Düvel being identified as the most prolific author. Moreover, quantitative research methods were the most common, with survey design being most prevalent. It is subsequently recommended that periodic reviews of SAJAE be conducted, as well as comparative reviews with similar journals. A collaborative approach was suggested.
The Effectiveness of Role Play Techniques in Teaching Speaking for EFL College Students
Authors: Krebt Dhea Mizhir
Published: September 2017

The paper investigates the impact of role-playing as a classroom technique on Iraqi EFL students’ speaking skill on Iraqi EFL students at the college level. The students are 40 college language students in University of Baghdad, College of Education Ibn-Rushd randomly chosen. Then, they were divided into two groups, experimental and control groups. Thirty questions were applied to both groups as a pre-test of speaking and the students asked to answer them orally. The experimental group was taught speaking skill of the targeted role-play technique while the control group was taught in traditional method. After 20 lessons of the teaching, the post-test of speaking was conducted in which the students in both groups were asked to answer. The results showed that there is a significant improvement in speaking skill of experimental group. The two groups were significantly different to the sake of using role play technique.
The Realization of Intensifiers in Banyumas Dialect
Authors: Hadiati Chusni
Published: September 2017

Linguistic provides a set of devices to express referential and affective functions. Intensifier as a linguistic device is generally found in all languages and it has various linguistic forms. In Banyumas dialect, a substandard of Javanese language, intensifier is basically used to intensify something. Banyumas dialect or Banyumasan is primarily spoken along Serayu River. Banyumas dialect is different from Javanese language in respect of phonological features and lexical items. Speakers express their intensity by using several linguistic devices including lexical items and reduplication. General lexical items consist of bangѐt and pisan. bangѐt and pisan experience degree of modification as they are attached to non-binary properties predicate. Specific lexical items include rea, regeng, leder, njilep, cirut, lecit, kecu, kethuwek. Reduplication is realized into full reduplication and partial reduplication. Partial reduplication employs reduplication with vowel change and reduplication of the final syllable of the stem. Grammaticalization happens to Partial reduplication with vowel change. Data is gathered from 250 recorded conversations between male and female speakers containing intensifiers. As intensifier is among the most rapid of linguistic element, this article reveals the realization of intensifiers in Banyumas dialect.
On the Avoidance Phenomenon in Writing
Authors: Yu Xiu
Published: September 2017

The Avoidance phenomenon is a negative method used by learners who are reluctant to take risks in the process of learning language. For a long time, it is regarded as a kind of learning strategy which has been misused greatly and has hindered the improvement of language learning efficiency. Therefore, through the analysis of English major students’ various kinds of avoidance in writing, this article advocates that corresponding measures should be taken to prevent or reduce the occurrence of this phenomenon in English writing teaching.
Grieving over the Degradation of Nature in Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring
Authors: Sedehi Kamelia Talebian
Published: September 2017

Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring focuses on the loss of species as a result of toxic contamination and pesticides. The loss of nature and environment affected people and led them to grieve. The term environmental melancholia which is used by Renee Lertzman deals with the grief and mourning over the loss of nature. Therefore, the current paper intends to shed light on Silent Spring by applying Lertzman’s environmental melancholia. As people face the degradation of the nature and they are unable to take any action, they will lead to melancholia. Therefore, this paper will indicate the ways people contribute in nature saving or its improvement based on Silent Spring. Besides the article will explain how to take care of the environment and nature.
The Effect of Computer-mediated Communication Tools in Online Setting on Iranian EFL Learners’ Teaching, Social and Cognitive Existence
Authors: Mehri Sanam , Izadpanah Siros
Published: September 2017

This study was conducted to explore the effect of computer-mediated communication tools in online setting on Iranian EFL learners’ teaching, social and cognitive existence. The population of the study included 60 English Language Teaching students (B.A) of Zanjan Islamic Azad University using convenient sampling method. Experimental group included half of the participants (n=30) and other half of the participants (n=30) was assigned to control group. As a pretest, participants were asked to fill in the Community of Inquiry (CoI) questionnaire in both experimental and control groups. The learners in the experimental group were taught through electronic mail and chat and the assignments and homework were sent to the learners by E-mail. The teachers asked the learners to answer the questions and send the fulfilled assignments in the telegram group. The learners in the control group were taught conventionally. After the treatment, the questionnaire was re-administered among the learners in the both groups as posttest. The learners who received synchronous online communication tools, compared to the respondents who received no treatment, gained higher mean scores on social, teaching and cognitive presence. The findings of the present study can have implications for ESL/EFL contexts from several aspects.
A formação de treinadores de luta olímpica: estudos das fontes de conhecimento e conteúdos de formação essenciais
Authors: Martins Paulo , Rosado António
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to analyze the representation of wrestling coaches regarding the sources of knowledge and the training contents to be adopted during the training process of young wrestlers’ coaches. The study was based on Grossman’s (1990) model of professional knowledge for teaching and followed a qualitative, multiple case study methodology. Following a semi-structured script, six Olympic wrestling experts were interviewed in-depth, trying to identify the sources of knowledge that the coaches used for their training and what didactic-methodological contents they considered essential to play their role as coach. The analysis revealed that the coaches’ sources of professional knowledge were diverse, including academic training and professional experience as the main sources of access to professional knowledge. The coaches also pointed out that their first sources of knowledge were their experiences as competitive athletes. Finally, this study concludes that expert coaches must acquire a profound knowledge of the competition environment, seeking to optimize their influence on athletes, which should extend not only to the sport practice of the youngster – as an athlete – but also at the level of the athlete as a person.
Influence of cultivation conditions on the proteomic profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37RV
Authors: Bespyatykh J.A. , Manicheva O.A. , Smolyakov A.V. , Dogonadze M.Z. , Zhuravlev V.Yu. , Shitikov E.A. , Ilina E.N.
Published: September 2017

Comparative proteomic profiling of M. tuberculosis H37Rv strains cultured on two different nutrient media, Levenstein-Jensen and Middlebrook 7H11, was performed using a label-free LC-MS/MS approach. It was shown that results obtained from two media possessed high convergence. The only difference was observed in the representation of fumarate reductase FrdB, its abundance was higher in the mycobacterial cells cultured on Levenstein-Jensen medium. The correlation analysis of biological repeats revealed the high convergence of the results obtained from Middlebrook 7H11 medium. Thus, we can conclude that the use of the Middlebrook 7H11 medium is most appropriate in the scientific laboratory.
Quaternary structures of human cytoplasmic and nuclear PCNA are the same
Authors: Belyakova N.V. , Pantina R.A. , Kovalev R.A. , Filatov M.V. , Naryzhny S.N.
Published: September 2017

Properties and mechanisms of PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) functions have been investigated for a long time and are studied in great detail. As follows from its name, most known PCNA functions (DNA replication, DNA repair, DNA recombination and others) are connected with cell proliferation and localization of this protein in nuclei. In addition, there is good reason to believe that PCNA also performs some functions in the cytoplasm. However, the possible role and mechanisms of PCNA action in the cytoplasm require careful study and clarification. Interestingly, such cells as neutrophils differ in that they are non-dividing on one hand and on the other hand contain a rather large amount of PCNA, which is localized only in the cytoplasm, that is, they are an ideal model for the study of cytoplasmic PCNA. Using cross-linkages with formaldehyde, we showed that this cytoplasmic PCNA is cross-linked in a similar way, that is, organized in the same way as the nuclear PCNA that is present in the proliferating cells. Previously, we showed that PCNA in such cells is organized into a dynamic complex of double trimer on the basis of the back-to-back principle (Naryzhny S.N. et al. (2005) J. Biol. Chem., 280, 13888). Apparently, such organization of this hub-protein allows it to better coordinate the processes taking place in the cytoplasm as well.
Resultados brasileiros no PISA e seus (des)usos
Authors: Santos Araújo Maria de Lourdes Haywanon , Tenório Robinson Moreira
Published: September 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa consistiu em analisar como foram utilizados os resultados do Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes (PISA) no contexto educacional brasileiro. A revisão de literatura permitiu apontar a avaliação como um fator fundamental para a qualificação da educação, elaborar um panorama das pesquisas sobre o PISA no Brasil, além de propiciar discussões sobre a necessidade do uso dos resultados das avaliações em larga escala. A partir da análise documental e de entrevistas semiestruturadas, foi possível não apenas apresentar um estudo sobre o uso dos resultados do PISA no país, mas também estabelecer categorias de usos como o Uso Indevido ou Não Uso, apresentando as possibilidades e dificuldades dessa utilização e o papel dos gestores nesse processo.

Palavras-chave: Pisa; Uso de Resultados; Avaliação Educacional; Políticas Públicas.

 

Resultados brasileños en el PISA y sus (des)usos

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en analizar cómo se utilizaron los resultados del Programa Internacional de Evaluación de Estudiantes (PISA) en el marco educacional brasileño. La revisión de literatura permitió que la evaluación se considerase como un factor fundamental para la cualificación de la educación y se elaborase un panorama de las investigaciones sobre PISA en Brasil, además de propiciar discusiones sobre la necesidad del uso de los resultados de las evaluaciones en gran escala. A partir del análisis documental y de entrevistas semiestructuradas, se hizo posible no solo presentar un estudio sobre el uso de los resultados de PISA en el país, sino también establecer categorías de usos, como el Uso Indebido o No Uso, presentando las posibilidades y dificultades de dicha utilización y el papel de los gestores en este proceso.

Palabras-clave: PISA; Uso de Resultados; Evaluación Educacional; Políticas Públicas.

 

Brazilian results in PISA and its (mis)uses

The objective of this study was to analyze how the results of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) were used in the Brazilian educational context. The literature review showed that assessment is a fundamental factor for the qualification of education, for elaborating an overview of the PISA studies in Brazil, as well as for promoting discussions about the need to use the results of evaluations on a large scale. Based on the documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews, it was possible not only to present a study on the use of the PISA results in the country but also to establish categories of uses, such as Improper Usage or Lack of Usage, showing the possibilities and difficulties of such use and the administrators’ role in this process.

Keywords: PISA; Use of Results; Educational Assessment; Public Policies.
A área de ciências nas avaliações internacionais de larga escala
Authors: Medeiros Lenice , Jaloto Alexandre , Santos André Vitor Fernades dos
Published: September 2017

O artigo procura abordar os aspectos pedagógicos das avaliações internacionais que contam com a área de Ciências, focalizando especialmente a última edição do Programa Internacional de Avaliação de Estudantes (PISA) e o Terceiro Estudo Regional Comparativo e Explicativo (TERCE). São apresentados e discutidos os alicerces conceituais e procedimentais desses estudos e alguns resultados relativos ao desempenho dos estudantes brasileiros. Nesse sentido, problematizam-se os limites e as possibilidades de uso desses dados para a formulação de políticas educacionais que impactam o ensino de Ciências, tais como a Base Nacional Curricular Comum (BNCC) e as avaliações previstas no Plano Nacional da Educação (PNE).

Palavras-chave: Avaliação em Larga Escala; Ensino de Ciências; Pisa; Terce.

  

El área de ciencias en las evaluaciones internacionales de gran escala

El artículo pretende abordar los aspectos pedagógicos de las evaluaciones internacionales que cuentan con el área de Ciencias, enfocando especialmente la última edición del Programa Internacional de Evaluación de Estudiantes (PISA) y el Tercer Estudio Regional Comparativo y Explicativo (TERCE). Se presentan y discuten las bases conceptuales y procedimentales de estos estudios y algunos resultados relativos al desempeño de los estudiantes brasileños. En este sentido se problematizan los límites y las posibilidades de uso de estos datos para la formulación de políticas educacionales que impactan la enseñanza de Ciencias, como la Base Nacional Curricular Común (BNCC) y las evaluaciones previstas en el Plan Nacional de la Educación (PNE).

Palabras-clave: Evaluación en Gran Escala; Enseñanza de Ciencias; Pisa; Terce.

 

The science field in international large-scale assessments

This article aims to address the pedagogical aspects of international assessments that include the Science field, focusing especially on the last edition of the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) and the Third Regional Comparative and Explanatory Study (TERCE). The procedural and conceptual foundations of these studies and some results concerning the performance of Brazilian students are presented and discussed here. Therefore, the limits and the possibilities of using these data for the formulation of educational policies that impact the teaching of sciences, such as the Common National Curricular Base (BNCC) and the assessments provided for in the National Education Plan (PNE) are discussed.

keywords: Large-Scale Assessment; Science Education; Pisa; Terce
Energia dos cristais: requalificação expográfica no Museu Geológico da Bahia
Authors: De Matos Angela Cristina Filgueiras , Dos Reis Elizandra Pinheiro , Ballardo Luciana Messeder
Published: September 2017

Este artigo trata da requalificação do núcleo expositivo Energia dos Cristais do Museu Geológico da Bahia, relatando o processo desse trabalho. Com poucos recursos financeiros, o maior desafio foi conceber uma nova configuração em uma área reduzida com mobiliário embutido e identificar soluções técnicas para estabelecer uma via de comunicação mais próxima do público. O texto apresenta os caminhos trilhados na elaboração e montagem dessa exposição e os aspectos relacionados com o acervo antes e depois do processo de construção do projeto.
Тенденции развития банковского и финансово-технологического сектора на основе использования высоких технологий
Authors: Третьяков Дмитрий Евгеньевич
Published: September 2017

На данный момент в банковском секторе экономики происходят преобразование в следствии интенсивного развития финансовых технологий. Банки активно используют и адаптируют к своей деятельности передовые высокотехнологичные разработки. Автором выявлены тенденции и изменения, происходящие в банковском и финансово-технологическом секторе. Сделан вывод, что данные тенденции обуславливают необходимость перехода банков на инновационные методы работы.
PEST CHIGGER, EUTROMBICULA ALFREDDUGESI INFESTATION OF SMALL MAMMALS IN PIEDMONT HABITATS OF GEORGIA1 (ACARINA: TROMBICULIDAE)
Authors: Ludwig David F. , Crossley D. A. , Hayes Mary Jo , Mallow D. , Wicht M. C.
Published: September 2017

More than 2600 Eutrombicula alfreddugesi larvae were taken from 40 of 596 individual small mammals of 20 species over a 23 month period. Mammals were infested during June, July, and August only, with maximum rate of infestation in June and severity of infestation in July. Male and female Sigmodon hispidus had equal rates and severities of infestation during the chigger season. Infrapopulations of E. alfreddugesi are positively associated with host body size. Amount of time spent in arboreal activity by mammal species played no role in determining pest chigger infestation.
DIFFERENCES IN PENETRATION AND EFFICACY OF INSECTICIDE SPRAYS APPLIED BY AERIAL AND GROUND EQUIPMENT TO SOYBEAN1
Authors: Hutchins Scott H. , Pitre Henry N.
Published: September 2017

Insecticide sprays were applied to conventionally spaced (76.2 cm) soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, by aerial and ground equipment. Drop penetration (no. drops/cm2 and mean percent coverage) and drop size (number median diameter) were measured within and between the two treatments. Larval mortality was determined at each of three vertical strata of the canopy for the soybean looper, Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), in central Mississippi and for a pest complex of the soybean looper, green cloverworm, Plathypena scabra (F.), and velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner, in south Mississippi. At both locations aerial equipment deposited a drop size in successively decreasing numbers/unit area from the top down within the upper two-thirds of the canopy. Conversely, ground equipment generally delivered successively smaller and fewer drops to each lower level within the canopy at both locations. Significantly more spray droplets were deposited at each sample location in the soybean canopy by ground equipment than by aerial equipment. Mortality data indicated that permethrin (0.11 kg AI/ha) provided better control of the soybean looper when applied with ground equipment than with aerial equipment in central Mississippi, while methyl parathion (0.28 kg Al/ha) was equally effective when applied by air or ground in south Mississippi for control of the pest complex. Largest mortality was observed within the upper one-third of the soybean canopy for both methods of application at the two locations.
INSECT DAMAGE AND AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PREHARVEST CORN: INFLUENCE OF GENOTYPE AND EAR WETTING1,2
Authors: McMillian W. W. , Widstrom N. W. , Wilson D. M.
Published: September 2017

A corn, Zea mays L., hybrid with loose-husk characteristics developed for the Corn Belt and a hybrid with tight-husk characteristics developed for the South were evaluated in field plots for relative levels of corn earworm [Heliothis zea (Boddie)] feeding damage, visible Aspergillus flavus sporulation, and aflatoxin contamination in 1980 and 1981. Supplemental corn earworm eggs and A. flavus spores were applied to silks of all ears. Water treatments consisted of an untreated check and a water spray (simulated heavy morning dew) applied to developing ears either once or 3 times per week for 4 weeks. Water was applied to ears with a hand-held garden sprayer until runoff occurred. The southern-adapted hybrid with good husk cover sustained significantly less insect damage and aflatoxin contamination than the Corn Belt-adapted hybrid during both years. Significant differences between hybrids (5% level) in visible A. flavus sporulation were obtained only in 1981. Corn plots treated with 3 water sprays per week for 4 weeks tended to sustain more insect damage, visible A. flavus, and aflatoxin than plots sprayed with water once a week for 4 weeks, although significant differences at the 5% level were obtained for aflatoxin concentrations only in 1981. These data demonstrate significant levels of insect resistance and resistance to aflatoxin development between two corn genotypes. Also, heavy morning dews that frequently occur in the Southeast may be involved in the elevation of aflatoxin contamination in this area.
BENOMYL INHIBITION OF COTESIA (= APANTELES) MARGINIVENTRIS1 SURVIVAL IN FOUR LEPIDOPTEROUS HOSTS2
Authors: Teague T. G. , Horton D. L. , Yearian W. C. , Phillips J. R.
Published: September 2017

Four noctuid larvae, Heliothis zea (Boddie), Spodoptera exigua (Hubner), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and S. ornithogalli (Guenee) were reared on semi-synthetic diet in which varying concentrations of the carbamate fungicide benomyl were incorporated. These larvae were exposed to parasitization by Cotesia (= Apanteles) marginiventris (Cresson), and the effect of the fungicide on parasitism and host survival determined. Successful parasite emergence from H. zea, S. exigua, and P. includens was significantly reduced (P = 0.01) as benomyl concentration increased. Parasite emergence from S. ornithogalli was reduced, but a significantly significant dosage response was not evident. Implications of these findings, including a possible deleterious effect on natural biological control following benomyl application, are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF THE CONSUMPTION OF NPV-INFECTED DEAD FALL ARMYWORM LARVAE ON THE LONGEVITY OF TWO SPECIES OF SCAVENGER BEETLES
Authors: Young Orrey P. , Hamm John J.
Published: September 2017

Adults of the scavenger beetles Ateuchus histeroides Weber and Trox suberosus F. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) were fed 4 meals in the laboratory over a 3-wk interval, of either dead fall armyworm larvae killed by nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) or non-infected fall armyworm larvae killed in hot water. The beetles were held without additional food for 87 d and the time to death was compared with that of beetles unfed during the test period. For both species, there were no statistically significant differences between the longevity of beetles consuming virus-infected carcasses and those consuming uninfected carcasses. Consequently, the application of fall armyworm NPV in row crop situations would have little negative effect on populations of these scavenger beetles.
TOXICITY EFFECTS AND CHALKBROOD INCIDENCE IN HONEY BEE1 COLONIES FED CONTROLLED DOSES OF FUNGICIDES2,3
Authors: Stoner A. , Wilson W. T.
Published: September 2017

Folpet and a combination with folpet, benomyl, citral, sodium propionate, and sorbic acid were fed or exposed to honey bee, Apis mellifera L., field colonies to: 1) determine their long-term toxic effects on the bees; and 2) to determine if chalkbrood (CB) disease, Ascosphaera apis (Maassen ex Claussen) Olive et Spiltor, is inhibited or controlled by the compounds.

When folpet was fed to honey bee colonies in sucrose syrup, the group fed the highest rate (1000 ppm) never differed significantly (P > 0.05) from the control colonies. There was an equal number of adult bees, an equal amount of sealed brood, and mortality was identical. Analysis indicated significantly (P < 0.05) fewer CB mummies in treatment groups fed 10 or 1000 ppm folpet, but this apparent benefit may have been due to seasonal changes of reduced CB infection that occur in late summer.

Folpet or a combination of folpet, benomyl, citral, sodium propionate, and sorbic acid (1000 ppm each, total 5000 ppm) incorporated into lipid/sucrose extender patties produced no significant (P > 0.05) effect of any kind on colonies to which they were applied, including CB infection. However, when the combination of five fungicides (5000 ppm) was impregnated into beeswax foundation and exposed to honey bee colonies, only a small amount of comb was drawn on the test foundation, indicating a repellent effect. Otherwise, the test foundation had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on the honey bees or the CB infection.
FALL ARMYWORM:1 EXPRESSIONS OF ANTIBIOSIS IN SELECTED GRASSES
Authors: Chang N. T. , Wiseman B. R. , Lynch R. E. , Habeck D. H.
Published: September 2017

Selected grasses, ‘Coastal,’ ‘Tifton 10,’ and ‘Tifton 292’ bermudagrass, Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers., ‘common centipedegrass,’ Eremochola ophiuroides (Munro) Hack, zoysiagrass, Zoysia sp., and corn, Zea mays L., were evaluated in the laboratory as hosts for the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), in forced-feeding tests to delineate more clearly the expressions of antibiosis. Data were recorded at 5, 7, and 9 days on weights of larvae, days to pupation, weights of pupae, pupal duration and survival on the various host grasses. Corn was the most suitable host for development of fall armyworm larvae, followed by Tifton 10 and Coastal bermudagrass. Larval development was slower on common centipedegrass than on Coastal bermudagrass. Tifton 292 bermudagrass and zoysiagrass were unsuitable hosts because of nonpreference and antibiosis. Wing pad deformities in pupae and/or serious lessions in adult wings were observed when resistant grasses (e.g., centipedegrass and Tifton 292 bermudagrass) were incorporated into pinto bean diet and fed to fall armyworm larvae.
RATES OF PARASITISM AND SEX RATIOS OF ABLERUS CLISIOCAMPAE1 AND OOENCYRTUS CLISIOCAMPAE2 EGG PARASITES OF THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA3 IN SOUTHERN LOUISIANA
Authors: Smith James D. , Goyer Richard A.
Published: September 2017

Populations of egg parasites, Ablerus clisiocampae Ashmead and Ooencyrtus clisiocampae Ashmead, of the forest tent caterpillar, Malacosoma disstria Hbn., were found to be 73% and 55% females, respectively. These parasities emerged a mean of 31 days after the beginning of forest tent caterpillar eclosion under controlled laboratory conditions. Percent parasitism was highest in the upper tree crowns, in 1980 – 81 averaging 33.6%, and was highest at the middle crown levels in 1981 – 82, averaging 20.3%.
OVIPOSITION PREFERENCES OF THE NANTUCKET PINE TIP MOTH (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) ON LOBLOLLY AND SLASH PINE
Authors: Hood W. Michael , Berisford C. Wayne , Hedden Roy L.
Published: September 2017

The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), oviposited preferentially on loblolly pine in plantings of adjacent blocks of 4-year-old loblolly and slash pines. Ninety-three percent of 719 eggs found were on loblolly pine. More eggs were deposited on the needles than on shoots. Fifty-six and 64 percent of the eggs were deposited on needles of loblolly pine during the first and fourth generations, respectively. Sixty-one and 100 percent of the eggs were deposted on needles of slash pine during the first and fourth generations, respectively.
A SIMPLE PAIN SCALE FOR FIELD COMPARISON OF HYMENOPTERAN STINGS
Authors: Starr Christopher K.
Published: September 2017

A scale is described for reporting the painfulness of stings received from aculeate hymenoptera under uncontrolled conditions. The applicability and limitations of the scale are discussed, and examples are given of ranked stings. The usefulness of the pain scale in studying mimetic associations between stinging insects is discussed, with an example.
OBSERVATIONS ON A GALL-MAKING THRIPS1 ON CALYCANTHUS FLORIDUS L. AND CALYCANTHUS FERTILIS WALT. IN GEORGIA
Authors: Beshear Ramona J.
Published: September 2017

In surveying the thrips of Georgia, a gall-making species, Catinathrips vaccinophilus (Hood), was discovered for the first time in the State. This species produces marginal leaf galls on the terminal leaves of Calycanthus floridus L. and C. fertilis Walt.
POISON GLAND PRODUCTS OF SOLENOPSIS AND MONOMORIUM SPECIES1
Authors: Blum M. S. , Jones T. H. , Lloyd H. A. , Fales H. M. , Snelling R. R. , Lubin Y. , Torres J.
Published: September 2017

2-Alkyl-6-methylpiperidines have been identified in the venoms of workers of five species of ants in the genus Solenopsis. S. (Euophthalma) globularia pacifica Wheeler produces cis-and trans-2-nonyl-6-methylpiperidine whereas S. (Diplorhoptrum) steinheili Forel and S. (Diplorhoptrum) sp. PR synthesize N-methyl-2-nonyl-6-methylpiperidine as well. Workers of S. (Solenopsis) geminata rufa (Jerdon) produce cis- and trans-2s-undecyl-6-methylpiperidine as do workers of S. (Solenopsis) maniosa Wheeler. Phenol and salicylaldehyde have been identified in extracts of workers of Monomorium (Parholcomyrmex) destructor (Jerdon) in contrast to 2,5-dialkylpyrrolidines that are considered to be characteristic natural products of this genus.
A DESCRIPTION OF THE LARVA AND PUPA OF GLOSSOSOMA NIGRIOR BANKS (TRICHOPTERA: GLOSSOSOMATIDAE)
Authors: Neubauer Clifford P. , Robertson Edward E.
Published: September 2017

A general literature review and descriptions of the larva and the pupa of Glossosoma nigrior Banks are presented. A key to the species of Glossosoma larvae of eastern North America is also included.
EFFECT OF VAIRIMORPHA SP.1 ON SURVIVAL OF GEOCORIS PUNCTIPES2 IN THE LABORATORY
Authors: Marti O. G. , Hamm J. J.
Published: September 2017

Survival of Geocoris punctipes (Say) (Hemiptera: Lygaeidae) after ingestion of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), tissues infected with Vairimorpha sp. (Microspora: Microsporida) was studied in the laboratory. In six tests involving 532 adult G. punctipes, survival averaged 38.1 days when infected larvae were consumed and 42.9 days when healthy larvae were eaten. These means were significantly different (P < 0.05). There was no germination of Vairimorpha spores or development of the pathogen in G. punctipes. Differences in survival between treated and control groups were attributed to ingestion of a non-nutritive meal equivalent to a brief period of starvation. The insect should be able to compensate in its natural habitat by seeking other prey. We believe the potential of this insect as a vector in spore dispersal outweighs the relatively minor effects of spore ingestion observed in the laboratory.
ANALYSIS OF LIPIDS IN COTTON EXTRAFLORAL NECTAR1
Authors: Stone T. B. , Thompson A. C. , Pitre H. N.
Published: September 2017

Extrafloral cotton nectar subjected to gas chromatographic analysis revealed the presence of six fatty acids. Two saturated acids (palmitic and stearic) and four unsaturated acids (palmitoleic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic), polar and neutral lipids, respectively, were identified. Thin layer chromotography separated six phospholipids including: phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol, lysophosphatidyl choline, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, and an unknown. Fatty acid concentration was greatest in extrafloral nectar from young plants and decreased as the plants matured. The potential impact of extrafloral nectar lipid concentrations on predatory insects is discussed.
EFFECTS OF THE JUVENILE HORMONE MIMIC S-31183 AND TRIFLURON ON DEVELOPMENT OF TEA SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE)
Authors: Cooper Randall M. , Oetting Ronald D.
Published: September 2017

The juvenile hormone mimic S-31183 and the chitin synthesis inhibitor trifluron were compared to bendiocarb and evaluated for efficacy against all stages of the tea scale, Fiorinia theae Green on potted Camellia japonica L. plants. Three applications of S-31183 produced a mean mortality greater than but not significantly different from the mortality in the bendiocarb treatment. Based on infestation ratings, plants treated with either compound had less scale than the check 13 weeks post-treatment. Mortality in the trifluron treatments was not significantly different from those treated with bendiocarb, but after 13 weeks the trifluron-treated plants had the same degree of infestation as did the check. When S-31183 was applied to 1st instars only, more than 70% of the scales remained 1st instars one month post-treatment. Development of scales in the trifluron treatments did not differ significantly from the check. The residual effect of S-31183 and trifluron, when applied to egg-laying females on butternut squash, was a delay in development of 1st instars.
DIEL PERIODICITY OF OVIPOSITION AND SOIL MOISTURE PREFERENCE OF PSOROPHORA COLUMBIAE1,2
Authors: Meek C. L. , Williams D. C.
Published: September 2017

The ovipositional cycle of Psorophora columbiae was bimodal when gravid females were exposed to natural climatic conditions over three separate 24 hr periods. Peak egg deposition (49.8 eggs/cage) occurred during the first 24 hr period after sunset. Other cages of Ps. columbiae females were exposed to aliquots of soil with various moisture levels by weight. Average numbers of eggs deposited per cage in soil at 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% moisture by weight differed significantly (P < 0.001) with 2.2, 30.2, 89.8, 28.3 and 14.0 eggs, respectively. When the intervals between moisture levels were reduced to 10% and caged mosquitoes were exposed to soil at 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80% moisture, significant differences (P < 0.008) occurred among the mean numbers of eggs per moisture level (125.8, 188.6, 176.9, 39.6, 46.3, and 31.5, respectively).
ACTINIDINE, A DEFENSIVE SECRETION OF STICK INSECT, MEGACRANIA ALPHEUS WESTWOOD (ORTHOPTERA: PHASMATIDAE)
Authors: Chow Y. S. , Lin Y. M.
Published: September 2017

The largest of the stick insects, Megacrania alpheus Westwood, has paired thoracic glands which produce five volatile, protective chemicals. In response to irritation, five special odor compounds are ejected of which actinidine is identified as the major constituent by IR, NMR, and GC-Mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. Different juvenile stages contain varying amounts of actinidine. Few nymphs deprived of actinidine survive to maturity because of high incidence of mortality from natural predators.
USE OF IRRADIATED PUPAE TO MASS CULTURE THE MICROHYMENOPTEROUS PUPAL PARASITOID SPALANGIA ENDIUS WALKER (HYMENOPTERA: PTEROMALIDAE). I. MUSCA DOMESTICA L. (DEPTERA: MUSCIDAE)
Authors: Morgan Philip B. , Smittle B. J. , Patterson R. S.
Published: September 2017

A technique using 50 kR gamma irradiation on 2-day-old Musca domestica L. pupae was developed to allow for up to 8 weeks of storage at 4.4 ± 0.5°C and 70 ± 5% RH. These pupae can be used to supplement the daily production of M. domestica pupae for maintenance of the parasitoid colonies, augmentative releases of parasitoids and provide pupae for foreign exploration to obtain exotic parasitoids.
LEAF RESIDUE COMPARTMENTALIZATION AND EFFICACY OF PERMETHRIN APPLIED TO SOYBEAN
Authors: Southwick L. M. , Yanes J. , Boethel D. J. , Willis G. H.
Published: September 2017

Permethrin (EC, 0.084 kg AI/ha) was applied to soybean by backpack sprayer and eight determinations of leaf residue compartmentalization and insect mortality were made during the 27 days following application. After 6 days, 40% of the initial surface permethrin residue remained; after 27 days, 8% of the initial residue was left. Below-surface residues almost tripled in the first 4 days after application and then remained at about the same level thereafter. The surface residues disappeared with a half life of 7.7 days, whereas total leaf permethrin content persisted with a half life of 13.9 days. The observed insect control correlated with the known feeding habits of the insects. Velvetbean caterpillar, Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner, which by feeding on foliage is exposed to total leaf insecticide content, was controlled for the entire investigation. Threecornered alfalfa hopper, Spissistilus festinus (Say), which feeds on petioles and peduncles, was controlled for at least the first 4 days after application. The number of southern green, Nezara viridula (L.), and green, Acrosternum hilare (Say), stink bugs, which feed on pods, also stayed below the check for at least 4 days after treatment. Thus the leaf permethrin content appeared to be available for effective control of threecornered alfalfa hopper and the stink bugs for ca. 0.5 half life of the residues on the surface, even though after this time surface residues were still measurable.
COMPARATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CHRYSANTHEMUM CULTIVARS TO EUROPEAN CORN BORER
Authors: Schultz P. B. , Coffelt M. A.
Published: September 2017

Susceptibility between chrysanthemum varieties to the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) was evaluated in both field and laboratory studies. Field studies showed significant differences with the varieties Debonair and West Point being the most heavily infested, and Grenadine, Patriot, Baby Tears, and Revere showing no larval feeding. Laboratory methods utilizing unrooted cuttings yielded inconsistent results. Laboratory screening with the use of stem sections was relatively consistent with Debonair and West Point being the most heavily infested while Revere and Pancho the least infested. A positive correlation between infestation levels and stem diameters indicated stem thickness may be a factor in expression of susceptibility. Debonair and West Point, the most susceptible varieties, had significantly larger stem diameters than the less susceptible varieties, Revere and Pancho.
POPULATION DENSITY AND SEX RATIO DYNAMICS OF OVERWINTERING MAIZE WEEVILS (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) INFESTING FIELD CORN
Authors: Dix D. E. , All J. N.
Published: September 2017

Natural infestations of the maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) were monitored in selected corn fields located in each of five major climatic or edaphic environments of Georgia. The population density and sex ratio of each population was recorded on a monthly basis during the fall and winters of 1982–83–84. Females suffered higher winter mortality than males, resulting in increasingly male-skewed sex ratios (from 0.8/1.0 to 1.6/1.0) as winter progressed. The degree of male-skewedness was positively correlated with the amount of subzero weather experienced by each population. Surviving weevil populations decreased in size as winter progressed, with the greatest reductions at the higher latitudes. No weevils survived through spring north of 33° 57′N where winter weather extremes of −15°C occurred. No true diapausing stage was found; however, cold tolerance tests indicated that winter-collected weevils were significantly more cold hardy than laboratory-reared weevils.
INTRA- AND INTER-COLONY TRANSMISSION OF A NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS OF THE LOBLOLLY PINE SAWFLY, NEODIPRION TAEDAE LINEARIS ROSS, ON PINE1,2
Authors: Young S. Y. , Yearian W. C.
Published: September 2017

A high level (37 – 98%) of secondary transmission of a nuclear polyhedrosis virus from primary infected larvae (PIL) of the loblolly pine sawfly, Neodiprion taedae linearis Ross (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), to other members of the same colony occurred on loblolly pine, Pine taeda L., in Arkansas. Intra-colony transmission was significantly (P < 0.05) related to PIL density (No. of PIL/colony) but not to PIL instar at death. Inter-colony secondary transmission from PIL-infected colonies was lower (2 – 50%) than intra-colony transmission. Inter-colony transmission was greater when the PIL colony was placed in the lower canopy than in the upper canopy. Regardless of placement of the PIL colony (upper or lower canopy), mortality in other non-PIL colonies, was highest in the upper canopy. Migration of infected larvae is discussed relative to these findings.
INCIDENCE OF THE HONEY BEE PARASITE ACARAPIS WOODI (RENNIE) (ACARI: TARSONEMIDAE) IN GEORGIA AND IMPLEMENTATION OF AN ERADICATION PROGRAM
Authors: Hall L. A. , Harron J. P. , Conley J. R.
Published: September 2017

The detection of the honey bee trachael mite in the U. S. in 1984 caused the Georgia Department of Agriculture to adopt a regulatory program to deal with the possible invasion of the mite into Georgia. A mite infestation in Georgia first was discovered in April 1985 during a routine bee inspection by the Georgia Department of Agriculture. Quarantine and destruction of the infested apiary and a quarantine of all yards within a 2-mile radius was imposed.
HARBORAGE PREFERENCE BY PERIPLANETA AMERICANA (L.) AND PERIPLANETA FULIGINOSA (SERVILLE) (DICTYOPTERA: BLATTIDAE) IN A HOME IN CLEMSON, SOUTH CAROLINA1
Authors: Benson Eric P.
Published: September 2017

A home in Clemson, South Carolina, known to be infested with Periplaneta americana (L.) and Periplaneta fuliginosa (Serville), was partially dismantled and the harborage sites were identified. Periplaneta americana harborages centered around the basement furnace room and first floor bathroom. Periplaneta fuliginosa harborages were distributed more widely throughout the structure. Both species tended to center around moist areas of the house where the relative humidity and water availability were stable.