bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping species distributions in 2 weeks using citizen science
Authors: Sumner Seirian , Bevan Peggy , Hart Adam G. , Isaac Nicholas J.B.
Published: March 2019

Ecological citizen science initiatives are growing in popularity with the increasing realisation of the potential for occurrence records to contribute information on biodiversity. Citizen science data are, however, justifiably criticised for misidentification, uneven sampling, incomplete detection or selective reporting.

Here, we test the accuracy of citizen science data for UK social wasp (Vespinae) species’ distributions. We compared data collected over 2 weeks by members of the public setting out baited traps across the UK and sending captured specimens for expert identification [1294 locations; 6680 wasps; three dominant species Vespula vulgaris (44%), Vespula germanica (44%) and Vespa crabro (6%)], with a four‐decade long‐term data set established by the Bees, Wasps and Ants Recording Society (BWARS).

The citizen science data were significantly less spatially biased than the long‐term data, but they were more urban‐biased. Species distribution modelling showed that, for Vespa crabro, just 2 weeks of citizen science generated coverage comparable to more than four decades of expert recording.

Overall, we show that citizen science can be an extremely powerful and robust method for mapping insect diversity and distributions. We suggest that cautious combination of citizen science data with long‐term expert surveying could be a highly reliable method for monitoring biodiversity.
Effects of probiotic L. plantarum 299v on consumer quality, accumulation of phenolics, antioxidant capacity and biochemical changes in legume sprouts
Authors: Złotek Urszula , Świeca Michal , Reguła Julita , Jakubczyk Anna , Sikora Małgorzata , Gawlik‐Dziki Urszula , Kapusta Ireneusz
Published: March 2019

This study evaluated the influence of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v on the consumer quality of legume sprouts. The probiotic‐rich sprouts were produced by soaking the seeds in probiotic water suspension and further sprouting at 25 °C for 4 days. The enrichment of the sprouts with L. plantarum 299v only slightly affected the sensory quality ‐ the overall acceptability of the probiotic‐rich sprouts was usually higher. The probiotic‐rich sprouts exhibited increased activity of polyphenol oxidase (the highest activity in the mung bean preparations ‐ 73.97 U mg−1 of protein). The peroxidase activity was not altered. The probiotic enrichment increased the phenolic content by 25%, 31% and 23% in the soybean, adzuki and mung bean preparations; however, it was not reflected in the antioxidant activities. The changes in the activity of enzymes involved in mobilisation of stored material (starch and proteins) and the increased content of phenolics only slightly modified the bioavailability of nutrients.
Combining cognitive and noncognitive predictors and impact on selected individual demographics: An illustration
Authors: Bradburn Jacob , Schmitt Neal
Published: March 2019

Research presented illustrates the impact on the demographic makeup of selected applicants when using a composite of cognitive predictors for selection compared to a composite of cognitive and noncognitive predictors. A large sample of American college applicants was used to simulate selection across a wide range of selection ratios using the two composites. Selection rates for Black individuals generally increased and Asian American selection rates generally decreased when the cognitive and noncognitive composite was used compared to the use of the cognitive composite. Results demonstrate that adding noncognitive predictors to a selection process utilizing cognitive predictors can have some beneficial impact on selection rates for some demographic groups, but does not eliminate the detrimental impact resulting from using cognitive predictors for some minority groups.
Employee perceptions of climate as an antecedent of time banditry in the workplace
Authors: Brock Baskin Meagan E. , McKee Victoria
Published: March 2019

Time banditry has recently been introduced as a distinct construct in the organizational behavior literature. An employee is engaged in time banditry when he or she pursues nontask‐related activities during work time (i.e., chatting with a co‐worker or surfing the web). This study examines the novel concept of time banditry and the impact of climate on its prevalence in the workplace. Climate is a direct reflection of how employees feel about where they work, and is postulated to have a direct effect on engagement in time banditry behaviors. Results provide evidence that employee perceptions of process, policies, and satisfaction as they relate to the job climate are positively related to engagement in time banditry. Thus, when climates promote positive feelings at the job level, employees actually engage in more time banditry behavior. However, no significant relationship was found between time banditry and climate perceptions at the team or the organizational level.
Implications of Collection of Excessive Brokerage Fees for Migrant Workers in the Domestic Care Sector in Israel
Authors: Talit Gal , Ida Yoram , Levy Sigal
Published: March 2019

This research examines the implications of excessive brokerage fees collection for migrant workers in the domestic care sector in Israel. The findings reveal that migrant workers are forced to pay much higher brokerage fees than is permitted by Israeli law. These fees are are mainly financed by loans. Thus, workers are forced to devote a significant portion of their monthly income in Israel to repaying these loans. The research also examines the possibility of reducing the collection of excessive brokerage fees by signing bilateral agreements, with the countries of origin, which allow the state to supervise the recruitment process. Such agreements have already been implemented in the construction and agriculture sectors in Israel. The first agreement in the domestic care sector, signed in September 2018 with the Philippines, will apparently be implemented in the near future, and might solve some of the problematic issues addressed in this research.
Increased salivary microvesicles are associated with the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhong Wen‐Qun , Ren Jian‐Gang , Xiong Xue‐Peng , Man Qi‐Wen , Zhang Wei , Gao Lu , Li Chen , Liu Bing , Sun Zhi‐Jun , Jia Jun , Zhang Wen‐Feng , Zhao Yi‐Fang , Chen Gang
Published: March 2019

Microvesicles (MVs), which are cell‐derived membrane vesicles present in body fluids, are closely associated with the development of malignant tumours. Saliva, one of the most versatile body fluids, is an important source of MVs. However, the association between salivary MVs (SMVs) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is directly immersed in the salivary milieu, remains unclear. SMVs from 65 patients with OSCC, 21 patients with oral ulcer (OU), and 42 healthy donors were purified, quantified and analysed for their correlations with the clinicopathologic features and prognosis of OSCC patients. The results showed that the level of SMVs was significantly elevated in patients with OSCC compared to healthy donors and OU patients. Meanwhile, the level of SMVs showed close correlations with the lymph node status, and the clinical stage of OSCC patients. Additionally, the ratio of apoptotic to non‐apoptotic SMVs was significantly decreased in OSCC patients with higher pathological grade. Consistently, poorer overall survival was observed in patients with lower ratio of apoptotic to non‐apoptotic SMVs. In conclusion, the elevated level of SMVs is associated with clinicopathologic features and decreased survival in patients with OSCC, suggesting that SMVs are a potential biomarker and/or regulator of the malignant progression of OSCC.
Childhood gender‐typed behavior and emotional or peer problems: a prospective birth‐cohort study
Authors: Warren Anna‐Sophia , Goldsmith Kimberley A. , Rimes Katharine A.
Published: March 2019

Background

Retrospective and cross‐sectional studies often report associations between childhood gender nonconformity and greater emotional and peer difficulties. This study used the ALSPAC birth cohort to investigate relationships between childhood gender‐typed behavior and peer and emotional problems throughout childhood and adolescence.

Methods

A total of 11,192 participants had at least one measure of parent‐rated gender‐typed behavior in infancy; 7,049 participants had a measure of child‐rated gender‐typed behavior at 8.5 years. Separate linear mixed regression models were fitted to assess whether parent‐rated and child‐rated gender‐typed behaviors were associated with emotional and peer problems across childhood and adolescence (6–16 years old). The effect of adding covariates (self‐esteem, abuse, bullying, feeling accepted by peers, and feeling different) on these relationships was assessed.

Results

For boys, more gender‐nonconforming behavior was associated with greater subsequent emotional and peer problems in childhood and adolescence. Adjusting for self‐esteem, relational bullying victimization, feeling different, or feeling accepted by peers reduced some of these associations. In contrast, for girls, more gender‐nonconforming behavior was associated with fewer emotional problems in childhood and adolescence. In girls, self‐reported gender‐nonconforming behavior was also associated with fewer parent‐rated peer problems but parent‐rated gender‐nonconforming behavior was associated with more parent‐rated peer problems; this latter association was partly explained by self‐esteem, bullying, and abuse victimization. These associations were statistically significant but small.

Conclusions

Overall, more female‐typical behaviors were generally associated with greater subsequent emotional and peer problems, for both boys and girls. Future studies should investigate factors that reduced these associations, as well as potential negative effects of female‐typical behaviors or advantages of male‐typical ones. As this was a 14‐year longitudinal study, the relationships between gender‐role behaviors and emotional/peer problems warrant further research despite the small association sizes.
The microbiome of tunnels in hidradenitis suppurativa patients
Authors: Ring H.C. , Sigsgaard V. , Thorsen J. , Fuursted K. , Fabricius S. , Saunte D.M. , Jemec G.B.
Published: March 2019

Background

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease defined by recurrent nodules, tunnels and scarring involving the intertriginous regions. Recent next‐generation sequencing (NGS) studies suggest genera such as Prevotella spp., Peptoniphilus spp. and Porphyromonas spp. are associated with chronic and early HS lesions. However, a systematic investigation of the bacterial microbiome in HS tunnels remains unexplored using NGS.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the bacterial composition of the luminal white gelatinous material found in HS tunnels using NGS.

Methods

An exploratory study of patients with diagnosis of HS (n = 32) with tunnels. The tunnels were present either in the groin (n = 17) or in the axilla (n = 15). During deroofing of the tunnels, a sterile E‐swab was taken of the luminal gelatinous material. The samples were investigated using NGS targeting 16S ribosomal RNA.

Results

The skin microbiome was characterized in 32 HS patients. Overall, five microbiome types were identified: Porphyromonas spp. (type I), Corynebacterium spp., (type II), Staphylococcus spp. (type III), Prevotella spp. (type IV) and Acinetobacter spp (type V). Porphyromonas spp. (type I) and Prevotella spp. (IV) were the most frequent genera found the tunnels.

Conclusion

This study points to a potential association between the presence of certain anaerobic bacteria (Porphyromonas spp., Prevotella spp.) and HS tunnels. It may be speculated that these two genera are associated with the pathogenesis in HS either as drivers or as biomarkers.
Reply to: “Suggestions for Vitamin D Supplementation for Urgency Urinary Incontinence Study”
Authors: Markland Alayne D. , Tangpricha Vin , Beasley T. Mark , Vaughan Camille P. , Richter Holly E. , Burgio Kathryn L. , Goode Patricia S.
Published: March 2019

This letter comments on the letter by Bahat et al.
Comment on Comparing Vitamin D Supplementation Versus Placebo for Urgency Urinary Incontinence: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bahat Gulistan , Altinkaynak Mustafa , Tascioglu Cemil
Published: March 2019

See the Reply by Markland et al.
The truth and beauty of chemical potentials
Authors: Powell R. , Evans K. A. , Green E. C. R. , White R. W.
Published: March 2019

This essay in honour of Mike Brown addresses aspects of chemical equilibrium and equilibration in rocks, with a focus on the role that chemical potentials play. Chemical equilibrium is achieved by diffusive flattening of chemical potential gradients. The idea of equilibration volume is developed, and the way equilibration volumes may evolve along a pressure–temperature path is discussed. The effect of the environment of an equilibration volume is key to understanding the evolution of the equilibration volume with changing conditions. The likely behaviour of equilibration volumes is used to suggest why preservation of equilibrium mineral assemblages and mineral compositions from metamorphism tends to occur. This line of logic then provides the conceptual support to conventional equilibrium thermodynamic approaches to studying rocks, using, for example, thermobarometry and pseudosections.
Board Committees in Corporate Governance: A Cross‐Disciplinary Review and Agenda for the Future
Authors: Kolev Kalin D. , Wangrow David B. , Barker Vincent L. , Schepker Donald J.
Published: March 2019

The importance of board committees – specialized subgroups that exist to perform many of the board's most critical functions, such as setting executive compensation, identifying potential board members, and overseeing financial reporting – has grown over time due to increased legal requirements and greater complexity of the environment in which firms operate. This has resulted in a large body of work examining board committees across the accounting, finance, and management disciplines. However, this research has developed rather independently within each discipline, preventing scholars and practitioners from developing a comprehensive understanding of board committees. To address this issue, we conduct a comprehensive review of the literature that: 1) summarizes and synthesizes antecedents and outcomes associated with board committees in publicly‐traded firms in English common law countries; and 2) offers a critical analysis of existing research, providing recommendations for advancements and new directions in board committee research.
Shutting the door on death: Low openness individuals become less open (to death) following mortality reminders
Authors: Boyd Patrick , Goldenberg Jamie L. , Morris Kasey Lynn , Puryear Curtis
Published: March 2019

Objective

We examine if individuals low in openness cope with death reminders (i.e., mortality salience) by becoming less open and more avoidant of death.

Method

In Study 1, openness was measured before and after a mortality salience manipulation (N = 128; Mage = 35.82; 54.7% male; 85.2% Caucasian). In Study 2, we measured openness, manipulated mortality salience, and measured implicit avoidance of death‐related words using a lexical decision task (N = 162; Mage = 20.58; 72.8% female; 43.8% Caucasian). We predicted that for low, but not high, openness individuals, mortality salience would further decrease openness and increase the speed of responses aimed at avoiding death.

Results

For low openness individuals, mortality salience decreased openness scores (Study 1) and caused faster avoidance responses toward death‐related words. High openness individuals demonstrated slower avoidance responses (Study 2).

Conclusions

A spiraling effect may occur where mortality salience causes low openness people to become even less open, and avoid death, positioning them to respond defensively.
Pre‐ to post‐inpatient treatment of subjective sleep quality in 5,481 patients with mental disorders: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Schennach Rebecca , Feige Bernd , Riemann Dieter , Heuser Jörg , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: March 2019

There is only limited evidence of the course of sleep quality and sleep disturbances during acute inpatient treatment and the prediction of/association with treatment outcome in mental disorders. Within this naturalistic study, 5,481 consecutively admitted inpatients completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI‐II) at admission and at discharge. Treatment included both individual and group psychotherapy (but no specific interventions for sleep disturbances) and pharmacotherapy based on current national treatment guidelines. Correlation analyses, analyses of variance and linear models were calculated to analyse the datasets. The PSQI improved significantly (p < 0.001) from admission (mean score 9.51 [±4.11]) to discharge (mean score 8.08 [±4.20]) in all diagnostic subgroups. Despite this improvement, 47% of the patients still showed elevated PSQI scores (>5) at discharge. Patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder showed the largest sleep disturbances at both time‐points; patients with obsessive‐compulsive disorder were the least impaired. An improvement of the PSQI was found to be significantly correlated (p < 0.001) to the change of BDI‐II values (without the sleep item) during treatment. The likelihood of achieving remission of depressive symptoms (BDI‐II total score <14) was significantly associated with less sleep disturbances at admission. The results suggest that almost half of inpatients with mental disorders treated successfully with state‐of‐the art specific psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy do not have remission of their sleep problems. Therefore, specific treatment programmes for insomnia should be evaluated and implemented in daily clinical routines.
Tomato SlSAP3, a member of the stress‐associated protein family, is a positive regulator of immunity against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000
Authors: Liu Shixia , Wang Jiali , Jiang Siyu , Wang Hui , Gao Yizhou , Zhang Huijuan , Li Dayong , Song Fengming
Published: March 2019

Tomato stress‐associated proteins (SAPs) belong to A20/AN1 zinc finger protein family, some of which have been shown to play important roles in plant stress responses. However, little is known about the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of SAPs in plant immune responses. In the present study, we reported the function of tomato SlSAP3 in immunity to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. Silencing of SlSAP3 attenuated while overexpression of SlSAP3 in transgenic tomato increased immunity to Pst DC3000, accompanied with reduced and increased Pst DC3000‐induced expression of SA signalling and defence genes, respectively. Flg22‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and expression of PAMP‐triggered immunity (PTI) marker genes SlPTI5 and SlLRR22 were strengthened in SlSAP3‐OE plants but were weakened in SlSAP3‐silenced plants. SlSAP3 interacted with two SlBOBs and the A20 domain in SlSAP3 is critical for the SlSAP3‐SlBOB1 interaction. Silencing of SlBOB1 and co‐silencing of all three SlBOB genes conferred increased resistance to Pst DC3000, accompanied with increased Pst DC3000‐induced expression of SA signalling and defence genes. These data demonstrate that SlSAP3 acts as a positive regulator of immunity against Pst DC3000 in tomato through the SA signalling and that SlSAP3 may exert its function in immunity by interacting with other proteins such as SlBOBs, which act as negative regulators of immunity against Pst DC3000 in tomato.
High‐throughput screening method for evaluating spatial repellency and vapour toxicity to mosquitoes
Authors: Jiang S. , Yang L. , Bloomquist J. R.
Published: March 2019

Spatial repellents are an essential tool for personal protection against mosquitoes that bite and transmit disease pathogens to humans. Current repellent screening methods, such as olfactometers and alternative choice tests, are complex systems that require a relatively large quantity of compound (mg). The present study validates a high‐throughput spatial repellent screening method using a glass tube that has the ends covered with netting, in addition to treated filters and plastic end caps. The apparatus occupies relatively little space, is easy to decontaminate, and requires small amounts of compound (μg). In a horizontal tube orientation, DEET (N,N‐diethyl‐meta‐toluamide), citronella oil and IR3535 had 1 h half repellent concentration (EC50) values of 32, 32 and 298 μg/cm2, respectively, against the Orlando strain of Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae). Vertical tube orientation increased EC50 values by approximately two‐fold, except IR3535, which remained essentially unchanged. Transfluthrin showed concentration‐dependent spatial repellency (1 h EC50 = 0.5 μg/cm2) without any knockdown, although only in vertical tubes. Transfluthrin showed 50% knockdown in 1 h at 0.5 μg/cm2 and 50% mortality at 0.15 μg/cm2 in horizontal tubes. In conclusion, this high‐throughput screening method is useful for assessing vapour toxicity and the spatial repellency of candidate molecules prior to semi‐field and field studies.
Early disease course is unaltered in mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) mice lacking α‐synuclein
Authors: Soe K. , Beard H. , Neumann D. , Trim P. J. , Duplock S. , Snel M. F. , Hopwood J. J. , Hemsley K. M.
Published: March 2019

Background

Sanfilippo syndrome (mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA; MPS IIIA) is an inherited paediatric‐onset neurodegenerative disorder caused by the lysosomal deficiency of sulphamidase with subsequent accumulation of heparan sulphate. The pathological mechanisms responsible for clinical disease are unknown; however, intraneuronal accumulation of aggregation‐prone proteins such as α‐synuclein, phosphorylated tau and amyloid precursor protein suggests inefficient intracellular trafficking and lysosomal degradation.

Aim

To investigate the contribution the accumulating α‐synuclein plays in early symptom emergence that is, impaired cognition, reduced anxiety and motor deficits, first detectable between 3–5 months of age.

Methods

We have crossed congenic MPS IIIA mice with α‐synuclein‐deficient (Sncatm1Rosl/J) mice and evaluated phenotype and brain disease lesions.

Results

In a battery of behavioural tests performed on mice aged 12–22 weeks, we were unable to differentiate α‐synuclein‐deficient MPS IIIA mice from those with one or both copies of the α‐synuclein gene; all three affected genotypes were significantly impaired in test performance when compared to wild‐type littermates. Histological studies revealed that the rate, location and nature of deposition of other proteinaceous lesions, the disruption to endolysosomal protein expression and the inflammatory response seen in the brain of α‐synuclein‐deficient MPS IIIA mice reflected that seen in MPS IIIA mice homo‐ or heterozygous for α‐synuclein.

Conclusion

Deletion and/or deficiency of α‐synuclein does not influence clinical and neuropathological disease progression in murine MPS IIIA, demonstrating that in and of itself, this protein does not initiate the cognitive and motor symptoms that occur in the first 5 months of life in MPS IIIA mice.
The experience of being a couple during an intensive care unit admission
Authors: Vester Louise B. , Dreyer Pia , Holm Anna , Lorentzen Vibeke
Published: March 2019

Background

In critical care nursing, a trend has been seen towards growing attention to the family experience of critical illness. Despite trends moving towards care of the family as a unit, previous research has focused on individual family members' experience of critical illness. Exploring the life world of the family, especially that of spouses and their interaction, is essential to providing family‐centred critical care and has not previously been described.

Aim

To explore the lived experience of being a couple during admission to an intensive care unit.

Design

Data were collected through dyadic semi‐structured interviews with four couples who had experienced admission to an intensive care unit. Interviews were audio‐taped and transcribed verbatim.

Method

Grounded in the phenomenological–hermeneutic tradition, data were analysed using Ricoeur's theory of interpretation, using a method described by Dreyer and Pedersen.

Results

By way of analysis, the life world of being a couple during admission to an intensive care unit was disclosed and divided into themes: For better and for worse; The meaningful proximity; and Being a couple.

Conclusion

Although critical illness brings a sudden disruption of a couple's twosomeness, the need to remain, act as and be seen and cared for as a couple persists during admission to an intensive care unit. Therefore, couples need to be cared for as individuals and as a unit, underlining the need to follow trends towards family‐centred critical care.
Short‐term “in vivo” study on cellular DNA damage induced by acrylic Andresen activator in oral mucosa cells
Authors: Faccioni Paolo , De Santis Daniele , Sinigaglia Stefano , Pancera Paola , Faccioni Fiorenzo , Nocini Pier Francesco
Published: March 2019

Structured Abstract

Objectives

To analyse through comet assay and micronucleus test the viability and DNA damage occurred in buccal mucosa epithelial cells after a short‐term exposure to Andresen activator resin monomers.

Setting and Sample Population

Test group consisting of 26 subjects was treated with Andresen activator; 16 subjects who had never undergone orthodontic treatment were enrolled in the control group.

Material & Methods

Buccal mucosa samples were collected before treatment and after 7, 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The analyses performed on the cells included the following: cellular viability, comet assay and micronucleus test. Mean ± SD were calculated for cellular viability, tail moment, tail intensity, tail length, micronuclei, binuclear and bud cells. Significance (P < 0.05) was evaluated with Dunnett's test.

Results

Cellular viability did not change during observational time, and its trend was similar to the controls. Tail moment and tail intensity significantly increased after 30 and 60 days, respectively, whereas tail length remained unchanged over time in the test group; the same parameters did not change in the control group. In the test group, micronuclei, binuclear and bud cells significantly increased after 30, 60 and 90 days, respectively.

Conclusion

The resin monomers of the Andresen activator cause genotoxic effects detectable through comet assay and micronucleus test, but they do not produce clear cytotoxic effects after a 90 days exposure.
Decreased expression of hsa_circ_0072387 as a valuable predictor for oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Dou Zhichao , Li Shaoming , Ren Wenhao , Wang Qibo , Liu Jiacheng , Kong Xinjuan , Gao Ling , Zhi Keqian
Published: March 2019

Objective

Increasing evidence points toward the key function of circular RNAs (circRNAs) in various carcinomas. This study aimed to identify aberrant expression of hsa_circ_0072387 in oral squamous cell carcinoma and probe its clinical significance.

Materials and Methods

Real‐time quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was used to assess hsa_circ_0072387 expression levels in 63 paired OSCC tissues and three OSCC cell lines. The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to assess any potential clinical significance.

Results

Our data showed that hsa_circ_0072387 expression in OSCC was significantly downregulated compared with adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001). Compared to human normal oral keratinocyte cell, the levels of hsa_circ_0072387 were lower in three OSCC cell lines (SCC25, SCC15, CAL27). More significantly, hsa_circ_0072387 expression was associated with the TNM stage in OSCC (p = 0.050). The area under the ROC curve reached up to 0.746. Based on bioinformatics, hsa‐miR‐129‐3p, hsa‐miR‐141‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐29‐3p were predicted to be potential miRNAs binding with hsa_circ_0072387. Furthermore, hsa‐miR‐129‐3p, hsa‐miR‐141‐3p, and hsa‐miR‐29‐3p were involved in multiple tumor‐related signaling pathways.

Conclusion

Our finding suggested that lower expression of has_circ_0072387 could be a key circRNA in OSCC and serve as a potential biomarker in OSCC diagnosis and therapeutic targets.
Bone Hardness of Different Anatomical Regions of Human Radius and its Impact on the Pullout Strength of Screws
Authors: Wu Wei‐wei , Zhu Yan‐bin , Chen Wei , Li Sheng , Yin Bing , Wang Jian‐zhao , Zhang Xiao‐juan , Liu Guo‐bin , Hu Zu‐sheng , Zhang Ying‐ze
Published: March 2019

Objective

To investigate the bone hardness of different anatomical regions of the human radius and its impact on the pullout strength of screws.

Methods

Fresh radius bones were obtained from three donated cadavers. They were divided into three parts: proximal metaphysis, shaft, and distal metaphysis. The proximal metaphysis contains the head, neck, and radial tuberosity. The distal metaphysis includes the palmaris radius and the styloid process. The shaft of the radius was divided into nine segments of equal length. The bone hardness of three radiuses, one from each cadaver, was measured by Vickers microindentation hardness tests, and the screw pullout strength was examined in the other three radiuses using a materials testing machine. The trend between radius hardness and pullout strength was analyzed by using an analysis of variance randomized block design. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the linear correlation between the bone hardness and the pullout strength of the human radius.

Results

The mean hardness ranged from 33.30 HV (the head) to 43.82 HV (the diaphysis). The hardest part of the radius was the shaft, with a value of 42.54 ± 5.59 HV. The proximal metaphysis had a hardness value of 34.15 ± 6.48 HV, and the distal metaphysis hardness value was 35.24 ± 5.17 HV. The shaft was 23.5% harder than the proximal metaphysis and 20% harder than the distal metaphysis. The microhardness test demonstrated that the bone hardness value of the diaphysis was significantly higher than those of both the proximal and distal metaphysis of the radius (both P < 0.05). The mean pullout strength values ranged from 552 N (the distal metaphysis) to 2296 N (the diaphysis). The greatest pullout strength of the radius was observed for the shaft, with a pullout strength of 1727.96 ± 111.44 N. The pullout strength of the proximal metaphysis was 726.33 ± 236.39 N, and the pullout strength of the distal metaphysis was 590.67 ± 36.30 N. The pullout strength of the shaft was 138% greater than that of the proximal metaphysis and 190% greater than that of the distal metaphysis. The pullout strength was also higher in the diaphysis than at both ends of the radius (both P < 0.05). A positive correlation was found between bone hardness and pullout strength (R = 0.927, P < 0.001).

Conclusions

Bone hardness and screw pullout strength are higher in the diaphysis of the radius than at either end. The pullout strength is positively related to bone hardness in the human radius.
A small yet occasional meal: predatory drill holes in Paleocene ostracods from Argentina and methods to infer predation intensity
Authors: Villegas‐Martín Jorge , Ceolin Daiane , Fauth Gerson , Klompmaker Adiël A.
Published: March 2019

Ostracods are common yet understudied prey item in the fossil record. We document drill holes in Paleocene (Danian) ostracods from central Argentina using 9025 specimens representing 66 species. While the percentage of drilled specimens at assemblage‐level is only 2.3%, considerable variation exists within species (0.3–25%), suggesting prey preference by the drillers. This preference is not determined by abundance because no significant correlation is found between species abundance and drilling percentages. Seven methods were used, some of which are new, to quantify drilling percentages for the abundant and commonly drilled Togoina argentinensis. The resulting range, from 9.9% to 14.6%, suggests that drilling percentages are fairly insensitive to the method used, implying that comparisons across studies are possible. This information, combined with data from the literature, suggests the Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction may have had a limited effect on drilling intensity in ostracods. The cylindrical (Oichnus simplex) and parabolic (O. paraboloides) drill holes from Argentina may have been caused primarily by naticid and possibly muricid gastropods. Two oval drill holes (O. ovalis) are morphologically similar to octopod drill holes, but their small size, the fact that extant octopods are not known to drill ostracods and the absence of such holes in co‐occurring gastropods, preclude ascription to a predator clade. Drill holes are located preferentially in the median and dorsal regions, where most soft tissue, including the adductor muscle, is located. Drilled specimens are statistically taller than non‐drilled specimens for T. argentinensis and larger predators selected larger ostracods. The drilling percentage does not significantly differ in ornamented ostracods.
Terra firma‐forme dermatosis: Differential diagnosis and response to salicylic acid therapy
Authors: Vakirlis Efstratios , Theodosiou Grigorios , Lallas Aimilios , Apalla Zoe , Sotiriou Elena
Published: March 2019

Terra firma‐forme dermatosis (TFFD), first described by Duncan in 1987, is a relatively common but probably underdiagnosed condition, characterized by a reticular hyperpigmented dirtlike eruption resistant to washing with common soap but typically removed with rubbing with 70% isopropyl alcohol. We present a case of TFFD in an 8‐year‐old boy with rapid response to 5% salicylic acid in petrolatum ointment.
Leveraging Peer‐to‐Peer Connections to Increase Voter Participation in Local Elections
Authors: Cormack Lindsey
Published: March 2019

In local elections, outcomes can turn on just hundreds of voters. Small‐scale political entrepreneurs find it increasingly difficult to wage effective turnout campaigns relying on traditional, costly methods of outreach. Yet a growing literature on social pressure indicates that recasting voting as a socially motivated act increases the likelihood that voters participate. In this article, I present matching analyses of the impact of a new platform that relies on peer‐to‐peer voter outreach. I find that the intervention is responsible for significant increases in the likelihood that a voter casts a ballot in low‐information elections across different sorts of voters.

Related Articles

McKenzie, Mark Jonathan, Cynthia R. Rugeley, and Michael A. Unger. 2015. “” Politics & Policy 43 (): 562‐585. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12123

Reid, Traciel V., and Robert S. Moog. 2011. “.” Politics & Policy 39 (): 223‐250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2011.00289.x

Saeki, Manabu. 2008. “.” Politics & Policy 33 (): 296‐311. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2005.tb00644.x

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. N.d. “” https://votercircle.com/
The colonization processes of Myrtus communis by strains of Pseudomonas savastanoi with a differential ability to produce phytohormones
Authors: Schiff S. , Tani C. , Cimmino A. , Mandalà G. , Cinelli T. , Evidente A. , Fiori M. , Surico G. , Marchi G.
Published: March 2019

The ability to produce indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) through the indole‐3‐acetamide (IAM) pathway as well as cytokinins is a common trait of Pseudomonas savastanoi populations causing disease on oleander and olive. These phytohormones are required for the induction and development of an outgrowth of plant cell tissue termed a knot. However, in myrtle orchards of Sardinia (Italy), strains of P. savastanoi unable to produce cytokinins were found coexisting with cytokinin‐producing strains. Data presented here show that the ability to produce IAA through the IAM pathway is also a variable trait within this population, raising questions on the exact role of these plant growth substances in the disease process on myrtle. Three P. savastanoi strains were selected based on their differential ability to produce phytohormones in vitro, and their interaction with the host was investigated over a period of 8 months using histological methods. All strains successfully invaded the infected twigs, moving systemically (unhalted by host defences) upward and downward from the inoculation point, both by completely degrading the cell walls and by taking advantage of the xylem vessels and intercellular spaces. Moreover, all strains induced the development of cankers, which slowly evolved into typical knots only on the twigs inoculated with the phytohormone‐producing strains. This study further demonstrates that cytokinins and IAA are essential for knot development; moreover, it ascertains that bacterial production of cytokinins is not necessary for host colonization and for the expression of pathogenicity (i.e. the ability to cause disease) of P. savastanoi on myrtle.
Regulating Autonomy: An Assessment of Policy Language for Highly Automated Vehicles
Authors: Schuelke‐Leech Beth‐Anne , Jordan Sara R. , Barry Betsy
Published: March 2019

Self‐driving cars (also known as driverless cars, autonomous vehicles, and highly automated vehicles [HAVs]) will change the regulatory, political, and ethical frameworks surrounding motor vehicles. At the highest levels of automation, HAVs are operated by independent machine agents, making decisions without the direct intervention of humans. The current transportation system assumes human intervention though, including legal and moral responsibilities of human operators. Has the development of these artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous system (AS) technologies outpaced the ethical and political conversations? This paper examines discussions of HAVs, driver responsibility, and technology failure to highlight the differences between how the policy‐making institutions in the United States (Congress and the Public Administration) and technology and transportation experts are or are not speaking about responsibility in the context of autonomous systems technologies. We report findings from a big data analysis of corpus‐level documents to find that enthusiasm for HAVs has outpaced other discussions of the technology.
Bayesian Inference for Stochastic Differential Equation Mixed Effects Models of a Tumour Xenography Study
Authors: Picchini Umberto , Forman Julie Lyng
Published: March 2019

We consider Bayesian inference for stochastic differential equation mixed effects models (SDEMEMs) exemplifying tumour response to treatment and regrowth in mice. We produce an extensive study on how an SDEMEM can be fitted by using both exact inference based on pseudo-marginal Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling and approximate inference via Bayesian synthetic likelihood (BSL). We investigate a two-compartments SDEMEM, corresponding to the fractions of tumour cells killed by and survived on a treatment. Case-study data consider a tumour xenography study with two treatment groups and one control, each containing 5–8 mice. Results from the case-study and from simulations indicate that the SDEMEM can reproduce the observed growth patterns and that BSL is a robust tool for inference in SDEMEMs. Finally, we compare the fit of the SDEMEM with a similar ordinary differential equation model. Because of small sample sizes, strong prior information is needed to identify all model parameters in the SDEMEM and it cannot be determined which of the two models is the better in terms of predicting tumour growth curves. In a simulation study we find that with a sample of 17 mice per group BSL can identify all model parameters and distinguish treatment groups.
Predictive Validity of the MINI Suicidality Subscale for Suicide Attempts in a Homeless Population With Mental Illness
Authors: Katz Cara , Roos Leslie E. , Wang Yunqiao , Bolton James , Hwang Stephen W. , Katz Laurence Y. , Bourque Jimmy , Adair Carol E. , Somers Julian M. , Sareen Jitender ,   At Home/Chez Soi Investigators
Published: March 2019

Objective

Suicide is a leading cause of death, yet the accurate prediction of suicidal behavior is an elusive target for clinicians and researchers. The current paper examines the predictive validity of the Mini Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) Suicidality subscale for suicide attempts (SAs) for a homeless population with mental illness.

Methods

Two thousand two hundred and fifty‐five homeless individuals with mental illness across five Canadian cities enrolled in the At Home/Chez Soi Housing First trial interviewed at baseline using the MINI Suicidality subscale with 2‐year follow‐up of self‐reported SAs.

Results

Two thousand two hundred and twenty‐one participants were included in the analysis. High rates of mood and substance use disorders were present (56.5% and 67.4%, respectively). The mean MINI Suicidality subscale score was 7.71. Among 1,700 participants with follow‐up data, 11.4% reported a SA over the 2‐year study period. MINI Suicidality subscale scores were predictive of SAs (AUC ≥ 0.70) among those with and without a history of SAs, even among those with missing answers. A positive predictive value of 0.20 and a negative predictive value of 0.95 were demonstrated, with a relatively low number needed to assess of 4.5‐5.

Conclusion

The MINI Suicidal subscale shows promise as an easy to use and accurate suicide risk prediction tool among homeless individuals with mental illness.
Next generation sequencing characterizes HLA diversity in a registry population from the Netherlands
Authors: Hou Lihua , Enriquez Elizabeth , Persaud Misti , Steiner Noriko , Oudshoorn Machteld , Hurley Carolyn Katovich
Published: March 2019

Next generation DNA sequencing is used to determine the HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C, ‐DRB1, ‐DRB3/4/5, and ‐DQB1 assignments of 1009 unrelated volunteers for the unrelated donor registry in The Netherlands. The analysis characterizes all HLA exons and introns for class I alleles; at least exons 2 to 3 for HLA‐DRB1; and exons 2 to 6 for HLA‐DQB1. Of the distinct alleles present, there are 229 class I and 71 class II; 36 of these alleles are novel. The majority (approximately 98%) of the cumulative allele frequency at each locus is contributed by alleles that appear three or more times. Alleles encoding protein variation outside of the antigen recognition domains are 0.6% of the class I assignments and 5.3% of the class II assignments.
Student experiences of learning clinical reasoning
Authors: Anakin Megan , Jouart Madelyne , Timmermans Julie , Pinnock Ralph
Published: March 2019

Background

Students find learning clinical reasoning skills challenging. Viewing how students learn clinical reasoning skills from a sociocultural perspective, however, may allow helpful and unhelpful descriptions to be interpreted as experiences that promote or inhibit their participation in and opportunities to co‐construct their clinical reasoning skills.

Methods

This interview study was conducted with 25 Year‐6 undergraduate medical students. Interview data were first analysed thematically, and then the findings were analysed with the concepts of participation and co‐construction.

Results

The themes identified were: (1) practising with undifferentiated patients; (2) teachers who were willing to make thinking explicit; (3) a lack of independence and involvement; (4) a lack of communication and feedback; and (5) confusion from different sources of information. When further analysed, the themes could be represented as points along a continuum of participating in, and co‐constructing, clinical reasoning skills.

Discussion

Clinical educators will find the themes identified from students’ experiences learning in a workplace environment helpful for understanding why some students may struggle to develop their clinical reasoning skills. An interpretation of findings from a sociocultural perspective offers a different approach for understanding students’ difficulties when learning clinical reasoning: one where students are able to increase their participation in, and co‐construction of, clinical reasoning in the context of working collaboratively to provide patient care.

Students find learning clinical reasoning skills challenging
A very personal crisis: Family fragilities and everyday conjunctures within lived experiences of austerity
Authors: Hall Sarah M.
Published: March 2019

This paper brings together key ideas from across economic and social theory to expand geographical understandings of crisis at the personal scale. Drawing on ethnographic research with families in Greater Manchester, UK, together with literatures on the geographies of crises and conjunctures, I argue that economic crises, such as austerity, can be revealing of the fragilities within familial and personal relationships and as such constitute a very personal crisis. In times of austerity and economic crisis, questions are raised about how people imagine themselves, and the relationships, spaces, and times in which they situate their lives – previously, presently, and prospectively. I advance conceptualisations of the ways austerity and economic crisis “play out” to illustrate how everyday life is punctuated and disrupted by crises and conjunctures of various types. Personal conditions of austerity are knotted within personal inventories of important life experiences, relational comparators, and memories, of social, emotional, or financial hardship, which resonate strongly. Furthermore, I identify the way in which crises are woven within imaginaries of the future, personal biographies, and lifecourse trajectories, whereby economic crises and austerity can be felt as life crises. Providing added depth to current geographical literature focused on the personal scale, in this paper economic crises and austerity are shown to be personally affective, having lasting impacts on social relationships. Ultimately, I make the case for how an economic crisis is almost always and inevitable felt as a personal crisis; a vital conjuncture, the crescendo of circumstance, opening up the sores of memories and creating new ones, compromising familial and financial fragility.
Hypersensitivity transfusion reactions to platelet concentrate: a retrospective analysis of the French hemovigilance network
Authors: Mertes Paul M. , Tacquard Charles , Andreu Georges , Kientz Daniel , Gross Sylvie , Malard Lucile , Drouet Christian , Carlier Monique , Gachet Christian , Sandid Imad , Boudjedir Karim
Published: March 2019

BACKGROUND

Among labile blood products, platelet concentrates (PCs) are the leading cause of hypersensitivity transfusion reactions (HTRs). These reactions often lead to interruption of PC transfusion and can result in a prolonged transfusion process leading to significant morbidity and use of premedication and close monitoring for patients with a history of allergic transfusion reactions. The French hemovigilance database is one of the largest standardized databases providing information on HTRs following administration of labile blood products. In this study, we analyzed this database to assess the relative risk of HTR for each type of PC.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

HTRs following PC transfusion were retrospectively extracted from the e‐Fit Hemovigilance database of the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety (ANSM). Frequencies were calculated using the number of specific PCs transfused.

RESULTS

Between 2008 and 2014, the overall estimated incidence of HTRs following PC administration was calculated at 232 HTRs per 100,000 PCs transfused. The rate of HTRs was significantly higher with apheresis PC (337/100,000) than with buffy‐coat PC (94/100,000). Platelets in additive solutions (PAS) were associated with a significantly lower frequency of HTRs when compared with PCs in native plasma. Amotosalen/UVA‐ PCs (APCs and BCPCs) which are always in PAS in France, exhibited the lowest frequency of HTRs when compared with their corresponding PCs in native plasma or in PAS (p < 10−7 in all comparisons).

CONCLUSION

Our results showed that the type of PC and its processing may have an impact on the risk of HTR.