bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract A102: Developing faith-based messaging and materials for colorectal cancer screening: Application of boot camp translation within the African Methodist Episcopal Church
Authors: Gautom Priyanka , Thompson Jamie H. , Johnson Cheryl A. , Rivelli Jennifer S. , Coronado Gloria D.
Published: January 2023

Introductory sentences: We use boot camp translation (BCT), a validated community based participatory strategy, to elicit input from African Methodist Episcopal (AME) congregants, leadership, and healthcare systems in Atlanta, Georgia to create culturally appropriate and locally relevant colorectal cancer (CRC) faith-based screening messages and materials for AME church communities. Brief description of pertinent experimental procedures: In the United States, CRC is the third-leading cause of cancer death and disproportionately impacts African Americans, highlighting the need for timely screening within this community. African American adults have higher annual rates of new CRC cases and are diagnosed with CRC at younger ages when compared to White adults. Regular CRC screening is pertinent to increasing the chance of early diagnosis and survival, however, African Americans are less likely to get screened for CRC than Whites. Church-based educational programs have been successful in promoting cancer screening, including CRC screening, in various racial and ethnic groups. Churches can serve as key partners in delivering health information as they are among the most trusted institutions within the African American community. As part of a collaboration among the American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, AME churches and Atlanta-based healthcare systems, we will apply BCT to develop and disseminate messaging to promote CRC screening within the AME community. The BCT session aims are twofold: 1) to identify the role of the church in bringing CRC information to the AME community and 2) to define the content and format of effective faith-based CRC messages tailored for the AME community. Summary of new, unpublished data: The BCT workshops will occur in July 2022.Statement of conclusions: We anticipate preliminary findings and materials to be ready by September 2022.

Citation Format: Priyanka Gautom, Jamie H. Thompson, Cheryl A. Johnson, Jennifer S. Rivelli, Gloria D. Coronado. Developing faith-based messaging and materials for colorectal cancer screening: Application of boot camp translation within the African Methodist Episcopal Church [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A102.
Abstract B013: Does confidence in one’s ability to communicate with the physician impact health information seeking behavior?
Authors: Lockhart Jala , Ross Levi , Leeper James , Young Jordan
Published: January 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine if prostate cancer (PCa) survivor confidence in communicating with their physician impacts planning to look for health information related to their treatment. Secondarily, we explored if this relationship differs by race. Experimental Procedures: Descriptive and multivariate analyses (Pearson Chi-Square) were conducted using SPSS 28. Perceived Efficacy in Patient-Physician Interactions (PEPPI-10) scale scores were summed, then a score of 30 was established as the cut point for high and low efficacy to ensure adequate data in all cells due to a small sample size. A survivor's plan to look was collected dichotomously as “plan to look for this information” and “not planning to look for this information”. For the crosstabulation, confidence was placed in the rows, plan to look in the columns, and race as layer 1. Summary of Data: 63 men who were treated for or actively monitoring localized PCa were purposefully sampled and completed a 119-item self-administered questionnaire (mean age = 64.17 years, white = 58.7%, African American = 41.3%, private health insurance = 51.6%, married/partnered = 79.4%). Twenty questions inquired about the survivors’ plan to look for treatment information. Confidence in ability to communicate with their physician was measured using the PEPPI-10 scale. Conclusions: Out of the 20 plan to look for treatment information questions, only “plan to look for treatment options insurance would cover” was significant (p= .018) in non-Hispanic White men. The findings suggest that men's level of confidence in their ability to talk with their provider does not influence their plan to look for treatment related information. Health seeking behaviors could be contributed to by other variables such as social support and the role survivors prefer to take in their care. Descriptively, our analysis showed more men plan to look up treatment related information regardless of level of confidence. Therefore, health care providers (HCPs) should not rely on a patients’ confidence to communicate, rather HCPs should plan to educate all patients on how to search for quality health information. To support patient-physician communication, resources such as prompt lists or patient navigators could be provided to patients to increase their ability to communicate with their physicians.

Citation Format: Jala Lockhart, Levi Ross, James Leeper, Jordan Young. Does confidence in one’s ability to communicate with the physician impact health information seeking behavior? [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B013.
Abstract B018: A community intervention for increasing screening through engaging primary care providers (I-STEP)
Authors: Beache Sydney , Silver Michelle , Liu Jingxia , James Aimee , Colditz Graham , Harriss Courtney
Published: January 2023

Background: While lung cancer is a leading cause of death in the U.S., annual lung cancer screening (LCS) rates remain low at 12.7%. The WUSTL research group began a community intervention to increase LCS called I-STEP (Increasing Screening Through Engaging Primary Care Providers) to address this quality gap. A customizable Toolkit was administered to a collaborative of six hospital systems in Missouri and Illinois, encompassing LCS eligibility and follow up guidelines, navigating LCS referral, and smoking cessation. The COVID-19 pandemic prompted brief suspension of screening, with lingering effects on LCS delivery and I-STEP implementation. Methods: This was a step-wedged cluster randomized control trial from January 2019 – March 2021. Six hospital systems sequentially entered a three-month training phase, followed by I-STEP implementation into primary care settings. Primary outcomes were mean number of screenings and mean percent change in LCS from baseline. Data were collated into a dashboard. Analyses compared outcomes within I-STEP sites pre- and post- intervention. To investigate whether I-STEP sites recovered screening numbers during the pandemic, we compared I-STEP sites to six comparator hospitals within the collaborative that did not participate in the intervention. Results: Mean LCS increased by 63% amongst I-STEP sites (130.8 to 212). Mean screenings increased significantly from pre- to post-intervention phases within I-STEP sites (p = 0.0272). Across I-STEP sites and comparator hospitals, mean LCS increased significantly following emergence of the pandemic in March 2020 (p = 0.0002, LSM difference -72.0, 95% CI [-100.9, -43]) - data adjusted for the three-month period in which LCS was suspended. Findings were similar for mean percent change in LCS. There was no difference in outcomes between I-STEP and comparator sites. Conclusion: I-STEP implementation successfully increased mean LCS from pre-intervention baseline. Findings suggest a possible effect of the I-STEP intervention in promoting increased LCS amidst the pandemic.

Citation Format: Sydney Beache, Michelle Silver, Jingxia Liu, Aimee James, Graham Colditz, Courtney Harriss. A community intervention for increasing screening through engaging primary care providers (I-STEP) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B018.
Abstract B068: Social determinants, racial discrimination, knowledge of HBV, and HBV-related stigma among patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Juon Hee-Soon , Hann Hie-Won , Park SoHye , Bae Ho , Chang Mimi , Klassen Ann
Published: January 2023

Background. HBV-related Stigma has a detrimental impact on health outcomes of people living with HBV. Studies show that consequences of stigma include admission to school or loss of employment, impediment to marriage/having children, and barriers to accessing health services. Few studies focused on factors associated with Stigma. We examined social determinants, racial discrimination, knowledge of HBV transmission, and HBV-associated stigma among Korean American chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients 18 years and older. Methods. As a part of ongoing project in the period of August 2021– April 2022, 291 CHB patients completed the entry survey either in Korean (n=238) or English (n=53) at two clinics in East Coast and California. The 6-question of hepatitis B quality of life (HBQOL) – stigma (n=6, alpha = .93) was administered. The construct of stigma was categorized as low/medium and high. Participants’ age, gender, marital status, employment, education, having family history of HBV infection, knowledge of HBV transmission, and racial discrimination were included. A descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analysis were used. Results. The average age of patients was 59.70 years (SD 10.34; range 24-84 years). 54% were males. The mean years of CHB diagnosis was 26.92 (SD 10.19; range 5 -52 years). The measure of racial discrimination (n=9, alpha = .87) was categorized into low, medium, and high. Multivariable logistic regression showed that gender and racial discrimination were associated with HBV-related stigma: Females had higher level of stigma than males (aOR=2.46, 95% CI: 1.42-4.27). Those with high level of racial discrimination were more likely to have stigma than those with low racial discrimination (aOR=2.27, 95% CI: 1.14-4.51). In addition, age was not linearly related to HBV stigma (see graph): Those younger than 45 years old reported the increased stigma, while those between 46 and 65 had the decreased stigma. Conclusion. This study indicates that racial discrimination and gender are important predictors of stigma in this CHB patient cohort. Future studies will identify other psychosocial factors to develop effective intervention programs to reduce stigma in consideration of younger age group.

Citation Format: Hee-Soon Juon, Hie-Won Hann, SoHye Park, Ho Bae, Mimi Chang, Ann Klassen. Social determinants, racial discrimination, knowledge of HBV, and HBV-related stigma among patients with chronic hepatitis B [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B068.
Abstract B094: Cancer awareness and prevalence in the Black Belt of Alabama: A geospatial analysis
Authors: Alagan Ram , Aladuwaka Seela , Manne Upender , Singh Rajesh , Mishra Manoj K
Published: January 2023

Objective: Socioeconomic status (SES) disparity is one of the primary factors for cancer disease. The majority of research on cancer disease and SES has been conducted for African American and white populations. This study explores the relationship between SES and cancer prevalence (Breast Cancer and Prostate Cancer) in Alabama's Black Belt for major ethnic groups. Historically, Alabama's Black Belt counties are embedded with SES disparities, health care inequality, politics, race, ethnicity, oppression, and most importantly, lack of awareness of the cancer epidemic. Methods: Geospatial technology (GIS) has been employed to analyze the last two decades SES and cancer statistics from the U.S. Census, Alabama Department of Health (ADH), American Cancer Society (ACS), Center for Disease Control (CDC), and National Cancer Institute (NCI). The GIS analysis indicates an apparent SES disparity between the Black Belt (BB) and Non-BB (NBB) counties of Alabama and especially among African American population. Results: The geospatial analysis indicates SES is positively associated with cancer prevalence. Research also shows that African American cancer prevalence rates are higher than whites due to poor social and health equity, including access to health care, green food, transportation, and education. Conclusions: Alabama is one of the top states concerning the cancer epidemic. The research employed SES and cancer prevalence using geospatial technology. Data shows a close relation between SES and cancer prevalence in the African American population in the Black Belt of Alabama. The research strongly recommends the state adopt cancer awareness programs and social and health equity policy planning.

Citation Format: Ram Alagan, Seela Aladuwaka, Upender Manne, Rajesh Singh, Manoj K Mishra. Cancer awareness and prevalence in the Black Belt of Alabama: A geospatial analysis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B094.
Abstract B100: The role of place in racial disparities in prostate cancer treatment
Authors: Hammarlund Noah , Lee Jenney , Wolff Erika , Holt Sarah , Etzioni Ruth , Gore John , Nyame Yaw A.
Published: January 2023

In this analysis, we investigate the role of place—where patients live and seek care— in treatment disparities between Black and White men with localized prostate cancer to better understand why these disparities exist. Research has shown that Black men are less likely to undergo treatment for localized prostate cancer, a disease in which Black men are twice as likely to die, independent of their health. Our study examines place as a potential contributor to this disparity. Our analysis uses fixed effects, a statistical approach that investigates characteristics that are constant within a given level of place, within a multivariate regression framework to assess the role of place as a potential driver of the treatment disparity. Our data sample consists of men in the SEER-Medicare (2005-2016) claims data with clinically significant, non-metastatic prostate cancer who identified as either Black or White. Our analysis also includes comorbidities and cancer characteristics to capture patient health. We assess physician, hospital, and SEER-region fixed effects to investigate the role of selection on treatment disparities[YN1] . Physician fixed effects compare how each physician differentially treats Black and White patients relative to that physician’s average treatment rate to adjust for the role of physician selection. ZIP code fixed effects adjust for all time-invariant factors that occur at that geographic level to investigate the role of where patients live on the treatment disparity. Our results indicate that place, as individual or aggregated levels of fixed effects, plays a minimal role in the prostate cancer treatment disparity. This finding points toward the inadequacy of the explanation that it is where patients live or seek care that drives the observed differences in treatment. Instead of health or place, it is the race of the patient that drives the treatment inequity. The finding is consistent with understanding race as a social construct with racism as an individual, system, and structural phenomenon. These findings provide an important beginning towards understanding why current practices are inequitable, a necessary intermediate step toward understanding equitable care and the ultimate goal of designing interventions to solve this inequity.

Citation Format: Noah Hammarlund, Jenney Lee, Erika Wolff, Sarah Holt, Ruth Etzioni, John Gore, Yaw A. Nyame. The role of place in racial disparities in prostate cancer treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B100.
Abstract B104: Assessing disparities in social determinants of health between African Americans/Black and Whites
Authors: Olazagasti Coral , Franco Idalid , Osman Fay , Duma Narjust
Published: January 2023

According to the 2020 census, the African American (AA) population reached almost 47 million habitants, comprising 14% of the total United States (U.S) population. Data has shown that amongst all racial and ethnic groups in the U.S, AA men have the highest incidences of cancer, and AA men and women have the highest death rate and worst survival for most malignancies. Historically, AAs face worse outcomes and illness compared to Whites. AAs have higher rates of lung cancer (LC), yet, are less likely to fulfill LC screening eligibility criteria. Black women, on the other hand, are almost twice as likely as White to die from breast cancer. Social determinants of health (SDH) heavily impact the health outcomes in this population. We sought to explore the differences in SDH between African Americans/Black and Whites. Survey data were obtained from the AAMC biannual Consumer Survey of Health Care Access. There were 53,523 subjects included from 2010to 2019. A chi-square comparison was conducted between Black, Hispanic, White, and other races with subsequent multivariate analysis. Numerical values were summarized as mean plus standard deviation and compared using ANOVA. A total of 5,245 participants self-identified as African American or Black. The largest group of AA participants were 25-34 years (21.7% ) versus ≥ 65 years for whites (23.3%). Most AA respondents were female, single, college graduates, employed full time and had private insurance. During the most recent medical care visit, AA reported higher rates than Whites for concerns about housing stability OR 2.37(1.52,3.69) and food insecurity OR 1.70 (1.08,2.69). Compared with Whites, AA reported significantly higher experiences of unfair treatment due to age OR 1.15 (1.01,1.30), race OR 1.62 (1.42,1.87), language OR 1.39 (1.20,1.59), culture OR 1.29 (1.11,1.50), and religion OR 1.47 (1.26,1.71). Disparities in social determinants of health have a quantifiable impact on the experiences within health care of the AA population. Perceived racial discrimination by the AA communities can negatively impact this vulnerable population's cancer diagnosis and care, widening disparities that have been present for decades.

Citation Format: Coral Olazagasti, Idalid Franco, Fay Osman, Narjust Duma. Assessing disparities in social determinants of health between African Americans/Black and Whites [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B104.
Abstract C017: Detection of wild-type and truncated HMGA2 in prostate cancer tissues using RNA in situ hybridization
Authors: Hwang Bor-Jang , Awolowo Mojisoluwa , Campbell Taaliah , Hawsawi Ohuod , Harrison Sharon , Gibbs Denise , Ragin Camille , Odero-Marah Valerie
Published: January 2023

High mobility group A2 (HMGA2), a non-histone protein, is known to promote epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which plays a critical role in prostate cancer progression and metastasis. Both full-length HMGA2 (WT-HMGA2) and truncated (lacking the 3’UTR) HMGA2 (TR-HMGA2) isoforms are overexpressed in several cancers such as lung carcinomas, ovarian cancer, breast cancer, and gastric cancer. However, there is no study investigating the expression and differential roles of WT vs truncated HMGA2 isoforms in prostate cancer. Our previous results indicated that the overexpression of HMGA2 in LNCaP cells increased cell viability and migration for both wild-type and truncated HMGA2. Promotion of EMT was observed in wild-type, but not truncated HMGA2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were increased with truncated HMGA2 more than wild-type HMGA2. Therefore, wild-type and truncated HMGA2 may play different roles on cancer progression and metastasis. The goal of this study is to examine the expression of wild-type vs. truncated HMGA2 in prostate cancer patient tissue. We have developed a way to detect location and expression of wild-type and truncated HMGA2 using RNA in situ hybridization (RISH). The specific probes’ hybridization followed by a serial signal amplification process allows us to locate and quantify the HMGA2 isoforms in Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) tissue specimens from cancer patients. Several prostate tissue samples and a prostate cancer tissue microarray that includes 35 patients from different races, stages of cancer, and metastasis status was analyzed. Our results showed increased HMGA2 expression (both wild-type and truncated) in several prostate cancer samples with higher stage cancer. We also observed that most wild-type and truncated HMGA2 is located within the nucleus, while some wild-type isoforms were detected within the cytoplasm. We will further quantify the expression levels to examine whether they are associated with tumor stage and/or race. These studies are the first to examine HMGA2 isoform expression and localization in prostate patient tissue and may offer novel therapeutic intervention strategies based on HMGA2 isoform expression.

Citation Format: Bor-Jang Hwang, Mojisoluwa Awolowo, Taaliah Campbell, Ohuod Hawsawi, Sharon Harrison, Denise Gibbs, Camille Ragin, Valerie Odero-Marah. Detection of wild-type and truncated HMGA2 in prostate cancer tissues using RNA in situ hybridization [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C017.
Abstract C043: Aberrant mRNA splice variants as novel prognostic biomarkers for tumor aggressiveness and treatment resistance in African American prostate cancer
Authors: Ha Siyoung , Gujrati Himali , Wang Bi-Dar
Published: January 2023

African Americans (AAs) have among the highest incidence of prostate cancer (PCa) and mortality attributable to this disease, and AA PCa disparities remains a clinical challenge. Specifically, AAs are 1.6 times more likely to develop PCa, and 2.4 times more likely to die from this disease compared to European Americans (EAs). A number of studies have shown that higher mortality and recurrence rates of PCa in AA men were observed even after adjustment for socioeconomic factors, suggesting that intrinsic biological difference may account for part of the PCa disparities. Our recent genomic study has identified global splicing events as critical drivers for promoting AA and EA PCa disparities. In this study, we utilized population-specific cell lines as in-vitro AA and EA PCa models to evaluate the molecular functions of the aberrant splice variants involved in cancer aggressiveness and drug resistance. Comprehensive functional assays (such as MTT, apoptosis, invasion, kinase activity assays, and western blotting analysis in PCa cells treated with vehicle or small molecule drugs, etc.) were employed to elucidate the functional roles of an oncogenic splice variant, PIK3CD-S, in AA and EA PCa cells in response to drug treatments. Immunohistochemistry and RNAScope assays were performed to examine the expression profile of PIK3CD-L (full length) and PIK3CD-S variants in an independent PCa cohort derived from AA and EA patients. Higher PIK3CD-S/PIK3CD-L expression ratios were detected in AA PCa cell lines and patient specimens. In addition, the functional validations have indicated that the higher PIK3CD-S/PIK3CD-L expression ratio in AA PCa cells potentially contributes to the higher cell proliferative and invasive capacities. By targeting splicing mechanism and/or PI3K isoforms using specific small molecule inhibitors in AA and EA cell models, we further explored the functional mechanisms of these oncogenic splice variants underlying the drug resistance. In conclusion, our molecular mapping/validation and functional analysis suggest that high PIK3CD-S/PIK3CD-L expression profile may contribute to the PCa aggressiveness and treatment resistance in AA PCa, potentially serving as a precision prognostic biomarker and novel drug target in advanced PCa

Citation Format: Siyoung Ha, Himali Gujrati, Bi-Dar Wang. Aberrant mRNA splice variants as novel prognostic biomarkers for tumor aggressiveness and treatment resistance in African American prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C043.
Abstract C069: Reducing liver cancer risk through dietary change: Positive results from a community-based educational initiative in three racial/ethnic groups
Authors: Tertulien Tamar , Kim Ellen J. , Lu Wenyue , Zhu Steven , Rubio-Torio Nathaly , González Evelyn , Fraser Marilyn A. , Yeh Ming-Chin , Zhu Lin , Ma Grace X. , Ogunwobi Olorunseun O. , Tan Yin
Published: January 2023

Background: The existing body of literature suggests that modifiable lifestyle behaviors such as alcohol consumption and dietary behaviors were linked to viral hepatitis B/C and liver cancer. So far, most of the liver cancer awareness campaigns and behavioral interventions have focused on preventive behaviors such as screening, vaccination, and early diagnosis. Not enough efforts have been made to raise awareness of behavioral mechanism of liver cancer prevention, especially in the medically underserved populations. Methods: We used the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to implement an education initiative regarding the promotion of liver cancer among the African, Asian, and Hispanic populations within the Philadelphia metropolitan area and New York City. In this study, we used data from the pre-education surveys and follow-up assessments at 6 months post-education to assess the changes in dietary behaviors and alcohol consumption among participants. Results: The study sample includes 344 participants recruited through community-based organizations. The sample consists of 31 African Americans, 174 Asian Americans, and 139 Hispanic Americans. Among the African Americans participants, the consumption of scores such as fruits (2.710 to 3.581) and poultry (2.613 to 3.677) increased significantly, while vegetables and red meats decreased. In Asian Americans, the consumption of non-refined cereals (3.362 to 4.282), red meats (2.655 to 3.195), and dairy (2.851 to 3.701) products decreased. Lastly, among the Hispanic American participants poultry (2.173 to 3.554), dairy products (2.101 to 3.863), and olive oil (3.022 to 3.849) increased, as well as the consumption of alcohol. Conclusion: This community-based educational imitative generated different impacts in the three populations, further highlighting the needs for more targeted, culturally tailored efforts in health promotion among these underprivileged communities.

Citation Format: Tamar Tertulien, Ellen J. Kim, Wenyue Lu, Steven Zhu, Nathaly Rubio-Torio, Evelyn González, Marilyn A. Fraser, Ming-Chin Yeh, Lin Zhu, Grace X. Ma, Olorunseun O. Ogunwobi, Yin Tan. Reducing liver cancer risk through dietary change: Positive results from a community-based educational initiative in three racial/ethnic groups [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C069.
Abstract C108: Evaluating the relationship between physical activity and quality of life in a diverse sample of breast cancer survivors with lymphedema
Authors: Burse Natasha R. , Lehman Erik , Chinchilli Vernon M. , Cuffee Yendelela L. , Wray Linda A. , Lengerich Eugene J. , Schmitz Kathryn H.
Published: January 2023

Background: Compared with White breast cancer survivors, Black breast cancer survivors are more likely to experience adverse cancer treatment effects (e.g., pain and swelling from lymphedema) and suboptimal quality of life. Aerobic exercise has been shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema. Physical activity has been documented to improve quality of life in predominantly White cancer survivors. However, little is known about the benefits of physical activity on quality of life among Black breast cancer survivors. In addition, there is limited evidence on the link between physical activity and quality of life over time by race in breast cancer survivors. Purpose: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the effect of physical activity on quality of life (social wellbeing, emotional/mental wellbeing, and relationship and body image) in White and Black breast cancer survivors with lymphedema. Methods: Linear mixed effects models were tested on an existing data source in a subset of participants in the control and exercise group of a 12-month completed randomized clinical trial. Results: There were 173 participants included in this analysis, averaging 59 years of age; about 33% of the participants were Black women. There were no significant differences in the quality of life outcomes between the control and exercise groups at 12 months. Exercise improved emotional/mental wellbeing and body image as it relates to social barriers at 12 months in Black and White breast cancer survivors, but the changes in these outcomes over time were only statistically significant in White breast cancer survivors (p<0.05). Conclusions: Results show that physical activity can improve certain domains of quality of life (e.g., emotional/mental wellbeing) over time in Black breast cancer survivors. However, the significance of the effect on quality of life (e.g., emotional/mental wellbeing) was isolated to White breast cancer survivors. After further analysis, the effects on quality of life are likely to be significant in a larger sample of Black women. Implications for Cancer Survivors: Physical activity can be used as a non-pharmaceutical intervention to enhance quality of life among subgroups of breast cancer survivors, possibly including Black women.

Citation Format: Natasha R. Burse, Erik Lehman, Vernon M. Chinchilli, Yendelela L. Cuffee, Linda A. Wray, Eugene J. Lengerich, Kathryn H. Schmitz. Evaluating the relationship between physical activity and quality of life in a diverse sample of breast cancer survivors with lymphedema [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr C108.
Abstract IA023: Creating a single cell and spatial atlas of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer for African ancestry
Authors: Plummer Jasmine
Published: January 2023

The US Black population is composed of both US born Black and immigrant Black populations from the Caribbean and Africa. Normal tissues in Black individuals independent of their country of birth or residence is woefully understudied. Black individuals disproportionately develop aggressive pathologic diseases which are treatment refractory or resistant, leading to premature deaths. In women, breast cancer is the most common cancer in Black women in the US, most common non-viral driven cancer in women in Africa and the Caribbean. Black women develop this disease younger than other ancestral groups and have higher incidence of metaplastic and triple negative breast cancer - aggressive pathologies. Ovarian cancer is rare in US-born Black (USB) while in both West and East Africa and the Caribbean, ovarian cancer is more common with more serous pathologies and earlier onset. While the incidence of prostate cancer among Black men in the US is declining, it is increasing in the Caribbean and Africa. Black men disproportionately develop prostate cancer young, have strong family history of prostate cancer, develop aggressive pathologies that are usually refractory to standard of care therapies. With the African-Caribbean Cancer Consortium (AC3) and Transatlantic Gynecologic Cancer Research Consortium, a single cell atlas of the cells of origin and tumors of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer will be constructed from samples across West and East Africa, the Caribbean and the USA in Black individuals. Pairing this single cell atlas with spatial approaches, we hope to develop a benchmark to confidently measure and interpret ancestral genomic differences at the cellular level. In this session, we will discuss how we are using these approaches to look at the relationship between African ancestry, aggressive disease biology, early onset warrants us to study the tissue composition, the proportion of sub-populations that are thought to give rise to tumors and the interplay with germline genetics.

Citation Format: Jasmine Plummer. Creating a single cell and spatial atlas of breast, ovarian and prostate cancer for African ancestry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA023.
Abstract IA038: Race and immune microenvironments in context of individual- and community-level covariates
Authors: Troester Melissa A.
Published: January 2023

Black women and women with African Ancestry have higher frequency of aggressive breast cancer subtypes, namely triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) or Basal-like breast cancer, and often have tumors that show immunogenic features. Under a cells-to-society conceptual model of racialized breast cancer outcomes, differences in tumor biology and microenvironment interact with individual- and community-level variables so that differences in tumor biology reflect ancestry in combination with social determinants of health. Using data and biospecimens from the Carolina Breast Cancer Study, we evaluated immune expression by gene expression analysis and by immunofluorescence and other spatial techniques. Our results show that Black women more frequently have immunogenic tumors with a robust adaptive immune response, in accordance with higher frequency of Basal-like breast cancers. Adaptive immune response was also associated with specific breast cancer genetic features, such as p53 status, and was associated with differential recurrence outcomes. Immunogenic tumors of Basal-like subtype were also associated with individual-level socioeconomic factors (education, income, prediagnostic health care utilization) and community-level socioeconomic factors (census tract-level poverty and disadvantage). These data suggest that while some biologically-targeted therapies may help narrow disparities in breast cancer outcomes among those diagnosed with breast cancer, individual- and community-level variables are also important and may help to identify intervention strategies for prevention of aggressive subtypes.

Citation Format: Melissa A. Troester. Race and immune microenvironments in context of individual- and community-level covariates [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA038.
Abstract IA047: Adipokine and adipokine receptor expression in breast tumors: Associations with greater body fatness and more aggressive clinicopathologic features
Authors: Llanos Adana A.M.
Published: January 2023

The molecular mechanisms that underlie the relationship between adiposity and poorer breast cancer outcomes are not well understood but might be explained partly by the biological effects of the adipokines, adiponectin (ADIPOQ) and leptin (LEP), which are secreted by adipocytes, and their respective receptors (ADIPOR1, ADIPOR2, LEPR). Prior work has shown that circulating ADIPOQ and LEP are not well correlated with levels within histologically normal tissues, underscoring the need for research to characterize tissue-based and tumor-based adipokine and adipokine receptor expression and their relationship with cancer outcomes. There is a dearth of epidemiologic data on the relationship between body fatness and protein and gene expression of the adipokines and adipokine receptors. Furthermore, the relationship between protein and gene expression of the adipokines and adipokine receptors with cancer is also not well understood. This presentation will discuss recent findings from the Women’s Circle of Health Study supporting an association between increased body fatness – beyond body mass index (BMI) – and expression of the adipokines and adipokine receptors and between protein and gene expression of these markers with more aggressive breast tumor features. Clarification of the impact of adiposity-related adipokine and adipokine receptor expression in the breast tumor microenvironment on long-term breast cancer outcomes is a critical next step.

Citation Format: Adana A.M. Llanos. Adipokine and adipokine receptor expression in breast tumors: Associations with greater body fatness and more aggressive clinicopathologic features [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA047.
Context-Specific Determinants of the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Falcomatà Chiara , Bärthel Stefanie , Schneider Günter , Rad Roland , Schmidt-Supprian Marc , Saur Dieter
Published: January 2023

Immunotherapies have shown benefits across a range of human cancers, but not pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Recent evidence suggests that the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) constitutes an important roadblock to their efficacy. The landscape of the TME differs substantially across PDAC subtypes, indicating context-specific principles of immunosuppression. In this review, we discuss how PDAC cells, the local TME, and systemic host and environmental factors drive immunosuppression in context. We argue that unraveling the mechanistic drivers of the context-specific modes of immunosuppression will open new possibilities to target PDAC more efficiently by using multimodal (immuno)therapeutic interventions.

Significance:

Immunosuppression is an almost universal hallmark of pancreatic cancer, although this tumor entity is highly heterogeneous across its different subtypes and phenotypes. Here, we provide evidence that the diverse TME of pancreatic cancer is a central executor of various different context-dependent modes of immunosuppression, and discuss key challenges and novel opportunities to uncover, functionalize, and target the central drivers and functional nodes of immunosuppression for therapeutic exploitation.
Convergence of Targeted and Immune Therapies for the Treatment of Oncogene-Driven Cancers
Authors: Cox Adrienne D. , Ting Jenny P.-Y. , Der Channing J.
Published: January 2023

In this issue, Hattori and colleagues capitalized on targeted small-molecule covalent inhibitors of one KRAS mutant with a G12C substitution and of other oncoproteins to create drug–peptide conjugates that serve as cancer neoantigens that prompt an immune response to oncogene-mutant cancer cells. This immunotherapy strategy can serve as an effective approach to overcome the treatment-induced resistance that limits the effectiveness of essentially all small molecule–based targeted anticancer drugs.

See related article by Hattori et al., p. 132 (9).
Prenatal Recognition of Hepatopulmonary Fusion in Right-Sided Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia for Successful Operative Planning
Authors: Terp Kristy L. , Roberts Bailey K. , Alonso Dailen , Pevsner Crum Rachel M. , Crombleholme Timothy , Karakas S. Pinar , Alkhoury Fuad
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Hepatopulmonary fusion (HPF) is a rare anomaly specifically associated with right-sided congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Fewer than 50 cases of HPF have been reported, most at the time of surgery or postmortem with an associated high morbidity and mortality rate. Prenatal diagnosis and optimal management of these rare cases have not been established. Case Presentation: We present a case of HPF diagnosed prenatally by fetal ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging allowing postnatal and intraoperative planning leading to successful HPF separation and repair of the CDH. Discussion: The prenatal recognition allowed the use of preoperative computed tomography angiogram and right cardiac catheterization to plan the surgical approach. Intraoperative ultrasound confirmed abnormal vasculature associated with the HPF facilitating a successful complete HPF separation and CDH repair was performed. The patient survived and continues to do well on long-term follow-up. Prenatal recognition may help reduce the high morbidity and mortality associated with HPF.
A new species of the genus Acrotelsella (Zygentoma: Lepismatidae) from Jhargram, West Bengal, India
Authors: HAZRA ASHIS KUMAR , JANA DEBANJAN , SMITH GRAEME
Published: January 2023

Acrotelsella jhargramensis sp. n. is described from two males and compared to other species within the genus.
The Mediation Role of Perceived Benefits and Barriers in the Relationship Between Support Provided by Significant Others and Physical Activity of Adolescents
Authors: Rodrigues Filipe , Monteiro Diogo , Lopes Vítor P.
Published: January 2023

We investigated whether the relationship between significant others’ social support and adolescents’ physical activity (PA) is mediated by perceived barriers and benefits of PA. In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from 497 adolescents (girls = 272, boys = 225) aged between 12-18 years ( M = 15.87, SD = 1.43) from six different middle and secondary schools. We collected data regarding social cognitive variables and PA with self-report measures and calculated the metabolic equivalent of total amount PA. We performed structural equation modeling and mediation analyses and found our proposed models fit the data. In girls, perceived PA benefits mediated the association between support provided by friends (β = .13; IC 95% = .02 .29), a best friend (β = .14; IC 95% = .03, .33), and parents (β = .07; IC 95% = .01, .18), and PA. Similarly in boys, perceived PA benefits partially mediated the association between support provided by parents (β = .09; IC 95% = .04, .37), friends (β = .11; IC 95% = .05, .40), and a best friend (β = .10; IC 95% = .05, .40) and PA. Perceived barriers to PA did not display any significant mediation role for either sex. Interventions to foster others’ support for PA, especially from a best friend, are important for promoting PA among adolescents.
Thermal efficiency of radiated tetra-hybrid nanofluid [(Al2O3-CuO-TiO2-Ag)/water]tetra under permeability effects over vertically aligned cylinder subject to magnetic field and combined convection
Authors: Adnan  , Abbas Waseem , Z. Bani-Fwaz Mutasem , Kenneth Asogwa Kanayo
Published: January 2023

Applications

The nanofluids and their upgraded version (ternary and tetra nanofluids) have a very rich thermal mechanism and convinced engineers and industrialist because of their dominant characteristics. These broadly use in chemical, applied thermal, mechanical engineering, and biotechnology. Particularly, heat transfer over a cylindrical surface is important in automobiles and heavy machinery.

Purpose and Methodology

Keeping in front the heat transfer applications, a model for Tetra-Composite Nanofluid [(Al2O3-CuO-TiO2-Ag)/water]tetra is developed over a vertically oriented cylinder in this study. The existing traditional model was modified with innovative effects of nonlinear thermal radiations, magnetic field, absorber surface of the cylinder, and effective thermophysical characteristics of tetra nanofluid. Then, a new heat transfer model was achieved successfully after performing some mathematical operations.

Major Findings

The mathematical analysis was performed via RK and determined the results graphically. The study gives suitable parametric ranges for high thermal efficiency and fluid movement. Applied magnetics forces were observed excellent to control the fluid motion, whereas curvature and buoyancy forces favor the motion. Thermal mechanism in Tetra nanofluid is dominant over ternary nanoliquid and nonlinear thermal radiations increased the heat transfer rate.
Restoration otherwise: Towards alternative coastal ecologies
Authors: Barra Monica Patrice
Published: January 2023

This article considers how to rethink ecological restoration as a process tethered to ongoing formulations of racial and environmental justice. It is situated in the context of coastal Louisiana's wetland loss crisis and the state's unprecedented investment in large-scale wetland restoration projects as a technoscientific fix that comes at the expense of several small, Black and Indigenous bayou communities. Critical of approaching restoration as a practice predicated on loss and return, this article builds upon scholarship in Black and Indigenous ecologies and ethnographic fieldwork among Black coastal communities in southeast Louisiana to reimagine restoration as an intergenerational, socioecological set of practices grounded in cultivating cultural continuity and community care across time and space. Working with the Black feminist geographic concepts of the plot and the shoal, the article develops the notion alternative restorations—or restoration otherwise—around three reformulations of restoration: As a practice of cultural continuity, as a mode of cultivating self-reliance, and as a scientific practice of integrity and humility. It concludes by reflecting the ways Black ecological practices and values can shift the course of restoration science toward sustaining Black life in the era of climate change.