bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tropical Pacific sea surface temperature influence on seasonal streamflow variability in Ecuador
Authors: Quishpe‐Vásquez César , Gámiz‐Fortis Sonia Raquel , García‐Valdecasas‐Ojeda Matilde , Castro‐Díez Yolanda , Esteban‐Parra María Jesús
Published: February 2019

This study presents a basin‐wide assessment about the spatiotemporal variability of streamflows in Ecuador for the period 1979–2015. The influence of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) on streamflow variability from February to April (FMA) period, as the months showing maximum streamflow for the wet season in Ecuador, and from June to August (JJA), corresponding to the dry season, was analysed. First, a long‐term trend analysis was carried out by applying the Sen's slope estimator and the Mann–Kendall test to monthly streamflow data from 45 gaging stations located in different basins across Ecuador. While the coastal region showed the highest generalized positive trends from July to January, the results for the Pacific Andean area suggested a strengthening of the seasonality, presenting an overall increase in the streamflow for all months except August, September and October, which showed negative trends. Second, a singular‐value decomposition (SVD) was applied in order to find the main coupled variability patterns between the FMA streamflow and the quasi‐coetaneous SST (December–February [DJF]) and between the JJA streamflow and the coetaneous SST. The results revealed two main coupled modes for DJF SST/FMA streamflow, the first associated with the canonical El Niño and the second with El Niño Modoki. The latter exerted a major influence on FMA streamflow over most of Ecuador. For JJA streamflow, however, the pattern associated with the traditional El Niño was even more relevant. These results establish the foundations for streamflow modelling in Ecuador based on the Pacific SST, showing the strong response of the streamflows to different types of El Niño events.
Localized synovial sarcoma: A single institutional study of 191 patients with a minimum follow‐up of 5 years for survivors
Authors: Outani Hidetatsu , Nakamura Tomoki , Murata Hiroaki , Stevenson Jonathan , Parry Michael , Gregory Jonathan , Tillman Roger , Jeys Lee , Abudu Adesegun
Published: February 2019

Purpose

Factors affecting long‐term outcomes of synovial sarcoma (SS) remain unknown. Here, we aimed to investigate the long‐term oncological outcomes and prognostic factors in a large group of patients with surgically‐treated localized SS.

Patients and Methods

Between 1980 and 2011, 191 patients (94 males and 97 females) were treated at a single hospital with a minimum follow‐up of 5 years for survivors. The median age was 35 years (range, 3‐80 years), and the median follow‐up period was 83 months (range, 3‐235 months).

Results

Disease‐specific survival was 76.4% and 60.4% at 5 and 10 years, respectively. Local recurrence occurred in 23 patients at a median of 33 months (range, 6‐158 months), and metastasis occurred in 73 patients at a median of 20 months (range, 2‐166 months). In multivariate analysis, grade 3 tumors sized ≥5 cm were significantly associated with worse survival. Ten patients (5.2%) developed metastasis more than 5 years after surgery.

Conclusion

Tumor size and grade govern prognosis in surgically‐treated localized SS in long‐term settings. If adequately treated patients have not developed metastases for 5 years after surgery, the risk of subsequently developing metastases was lower than previously reported.
Evaluation of the chemical consistency of Yin‐Chen‐Hao‐Tang prepared by combined and separated decoction methods using high‐performance liquid chromatography and quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Tian Qiang , Liu Fang , Xu Zhou , Liu Huan , Yin Hao , Sun Zhaolin , Chen Mingcang , Li Zhixiong , Ma Lin , Huang Chenggang
Published: February 2019

In this study, Yin‐Chen‐Hao‐Tang prepared by two decoction methods, namely, combined decoction (modern decoction method) and separated decoction (traditional decoction method), was analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry. The acquired datasets containing sample codes, tR‐m/z pairs and ion intensities were processed with multivariate statistical analyses, such as principal component analysis and an orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis model, to globally compare the chemical differences between the different decoction samples. Then, the chemical differences between the combined and separated decoctions were screened out by S‐plots generated from the orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis model and compared with chemical information from an established in‐house library. The six components that contributed the most to the chemical differences were identified as chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, geniposide, genipin, scopoletin, and 3,5‐dicaffeoylquinic acid. The concentrations of genipin and caffeic acid from the separated decoction were higher than those from the combined decoction, indicating that the separated decoction may present a stronger hepatoprotective effect. However, the results still require further investigation through pharmacological and clinical studies. Our findings not only establish a strategy to evaluate chemical consistency of Yin‐Chen‐Hao‐Tang but also provide the scientific basis for using traditional separated decoction method.
Epidemiology and resource utilization of ludwig's angina ED visits in the United States 2006–2014
Authors: McDonnough Jamiela A. , Ladzekpo Deawodi A. , Yi Iasson , Bond William R. , Ortega Gezzer , Kalejaiye Adedoyin O.
Published: February 2019

Objectives

Ludwig's angina is a potentially lethal submandibular space infection. We aim to describe the epidemiological characteristics of Ludwig's angina patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) and to examine outcomes and resource utilization to determine their burden on ED and hospitals.

Methods

Using the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database, a nationally representative all‐payer database, we retrospectively reviewed all ED visits between 2006 and 2014 for patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of Ludwig's angina (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, 528.3). We collected information including demographics, ED and inpatient charges, airway interventions, length of stay, and mortality.

Results

A total of 5,855 patients met our inclusion criteria. In our study population, the mean age was 44.5 years, with 54% males and 46% females. There were 75% insured and 25% uninsured. Overall median ED charges were $1,352 and median inpatient charges were $18,017.54, with a median length of stay of 3 days. As part of their management, 47.2% of the patients received a surgical drainage procedure, 3.3% required a surgical airway, and 4.6% required a nonsurgical airway. The overall mortality rate was 0.3%.

Conclusion

Ludwig's angina remains a rare and potentially life‐threatening condition. The mortality rate appears to be decreased from previous historical accounts, with airway intervention remaining a significant part of management.

Level of Evidence

3

Laryngoscope, 129:2041–2044, 2019
Multicenter randomized crossover trial evaluating the provox luna in laryngectomized subjects
Authors: Ratnayake Chathura B.B. , Fles Renske , Tan I. Bing , Baijens Laura W.J. , Pilz Walmari , Meeuwis Cees A. , Janssen‐van Det Pauline H.E. , van Son Rob , Van den Brekel Michiel W.M.
Published: February 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the relative compliance and the dermatological and pulmonary outcomes when the Provox Luna system (Atos Medical, Malmö, Sweden) is added during the night to the usual tracheastoma care of laryngectomized subjects.

Methods

This was a multicenter randomized crossover trial conducted in the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, and Maastricht University Medical Center in The Netherlands. The study included 46 laryngectomized subjects with prior heat and moisture exchanger (HME) and adhesive experience.

Results

A significant improvement in the number of compliant individuals was found: Luna: n = 43 of 45 (96%); usual care: n = 35 of 46 (76%), P = 0.02. The Luna period was associated with longer intervals of daily HME use (Luna 23.2 hours [range: 15.6–24.0 hours], usual care [UC]: 21.5 hours [range: 6.0–24.0 hours], P = 0.003) and an increased frequency of skin improvement overnight (Luna 3.9 days [standard deviation (SD)]: 7.0 days), Usual Care: 8.1 days ([SD: 10.8 days], P = 0.008). Fifty‐six percent (n = 26) of participants wanted to continue using the Provox Luna system at the conclusion of the study.

Conclusion

An improvement in compliance and skin recovery overnight was observed when the Provox Luna was added to the usual adhesive and HME use. Therefore, there is utility in supplementing the usual post‐total laryngectomy care with the Provox Luna system at night, particularly in the setting of compliance concerns and in subjects who desire dermatological relief overnight.

Level of Evidence

1b

Laryngoscope, 129:2354–2360, 2019
A nomogram to predict osteoradionecrosis in oral cancer after marginal mandibulectomy and radiotherapy
Authors: Renda Levent , Tsai Tsung‐You , Huang Jung‐Ju , Ito Ran , Hsieh Wei‐Chuan , Kao Huang‐Kai , Hung Shao‐Yu , Huang Yenlin , Huang Yu‐Chen , Chang Yu‐Liang , Cheng Ming‐Huei , Chang Kai‐Ping
Published: February 2019

Objective

There is no useful tool to clinically predict the occurrence of osteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible quantitatively. The aim was to investigate the risk factors, including different modalities of radiotherapy, for developing mandibular ORN in patients undergoing marginal mandibulectomy and postoperative radiotherapy.

Methods

Between January 2006 and December 2012, 167 subjects who underwent marginal mandibulectomy and postoperative radiotherapy with different modalities were enrolled. The association of ORN with mandibular bone measurements and patient variables was analyzed, and a nomogram was established.

Results

Fifteen (8.98%) of the 167 patients developed ORN during the follow‐up period, and ORN was significantly associated with diabetes mellitus (DM), body mass index (BMI), remaining bone height, remaining bone height to original bone height ratio, resected bone height to original bone height ratio, and mandibular dose (P: < 0.001, 0.004, 0.042, 0.018, 0.010, 0.020, respectively). Interestingly, the risk of ORN had no significant difference between conformal and intensity modulation radiation therapy (P = 0.407). Multivariate analysis revealed that DM and resected bone height to original bone height ratio ≥ 50% were independent risk factors for postoperative ORN. A nomogram consisting of BMI, DM, resected bone height to original bone height ratio, mandibulotomy, and mandibular dose for predicting the ORN‐free probability was established; and the c‐index of the nomogram for ORN status was 0.803.

Conclusion

A nomogram based on the risk factors was plotted to strengthen the prediction of ORN quantitatively. Surgeons should be more discrete regarding the treatment plan for patients with higher probability of ORN.

Level of Evidence

3b Laryngoscope, 130:101–107, 2020
Validation of an MPC Polymer Coating to Attenuate Surface‐Induced Crosstalk between the Complement and Coagulation Systems in Whole Blood in In Vitro and In Vivo Models
Authors: Asif Sana , Asawa Kenta , Inoue Yuuki , Ishihara Kazuhiko , Lindell Björn , Holmgren Robin , Nilsson Bo , Rydén Anneli , Jensen‐Waern Marianne , Teramura Yuji , Ekdahl Kristina N.
Published: February 2019

Artificial surfaces that come into contact with blood induce an immediate activation of the cascade systems of the blood, leading to a thrombotic and/or inflammatory response that can eventually cause damage to the biomaterial or the patient, or to both. Heparin coating has been used to improve hemocompatibility, and another approach is 2‐methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)‐based polymer coatings. Here, the aim is to evaluate the hemocompatibility of MPC polymer coating by studying the interactions with coagulation and complement systems using human blood in vitro model and pig in vivo model. The stability of the coatings is investigated in vitro and MPC polymer‐coated catheters are tested in vivo by insertion into the external jugular vein of pigs to monitor the catheters' antithrombotic properties. There is no significant activation of platelets or of the coagulation and complement systems in the MPC polymer‐coated one, which was superior in hemocompatibility to non‐coated matrix surfaces. The protective effect of the MPC polymer coat does not decline after incubation in human plasma for up to 2 weeks. With MPC polymer‐coated catheters, it is possible to easily draw blood from pig for 4 days in contrast to the case for non‐coated catheters, in which substantial clotting is seen.
Consumer responses to corporate social irresponsibility: The role of moral emotions, evaluations, and social cognitions
Authors: Xie Chunyan , Bagozzi Richard P.
Published: February 2019

We investigate the mediating roles of moral emotions and attitudes between perceptions of corporate irresponsible actions, on the one hand, and consumer responses, on the other hand, and further examine their contingencies based on consumer social cognitions. Our findings show that, for corporate transgressions, multiple social cognitions (moral identity, relational and collective self‐concepts, and affective empathy) moderate the elicitation of negative moral emotions (contempt and anger) and overall evaluations (attitudes), which, in turn, lead to negative responses toward the company (negative word of mouth, complaint behaviors, and boycotting). Our study adds to extant research on corporate social irresponsibility by examining three generic reactions people have toward corporate social irresponsibility and demonstrating important boundary conditions. In addition, hypotheses are tested on a sample of adult consumers. Implications for communication by firms are considered.
Design and analysis of a compact omnidirectional UWB slot antenna
Authors: Wang Boning , Yang Deqiang , Sun Kai
Published: February 2019

A slot antenna for ultra‐wide band (UWB) application with a compact size, enhanced bandwidth, low profile, flat gain characteristic and omnidirectional radiation pattern is presented in this article. This antenna fed by microstrip to slot line is designed and fabricated on an FR4 substrate with a half‐wavelength rectangular patch as a radiator at low frequency and a pair of quarter‐wavelength long symmetrical slots enhancing the bandwidth at high frequency. This proposed antenna with an overall size of 33 × 10 × 0.8 mm3 (0.33λ0 × 0.1λ0 × 0.008λ0 at 3 GHz) has a |S11| < −10‐dB bandwidth of 3.08‐12.14 GHz (119%), a 1‐dB gain bandwidth of 3.04‐10.5 (110%), and a peak gain of 3.08 dBi at 5.45 GHz in Z direction.
Synthesis and curing of amino‐containing benzoxazine as a novel hardener for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A
Authors: Ren Shitong , Zhang Shaoyue , Zhao Weibo , Wang Wei , Miao Xiangyan , Song Wanqiang
Published: February 2019

Benzoxazines containing various additional functional groups have been extensively reported to improve the properties of polybenzoxazines. In this work, a novel amino‐containing benzoxazine (PDETDA‐NH2) was conveniently synthesized from diethyltoluenediamine (DETDA), 2‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, and paraformaldehyde and was used as a hardener for diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA). The curing behaviors of PDETDA‐NH2 and PDETDA‐NH2/DGEBA systems were studied by DSC, FT‐IR, and 1H NMR. When curing, PDETDA‐NH2 was firstly polymerized to N,O‐acetal‐type polymer and then rearranged to Mannich‐type polymer at elevated temperature, while the addition reaction between amino and benzoxazine was discouraged because of the steric hindrance of alkyl substituents. During PDETDA‐NH2/DGEBA curing, it was found that the reactions happened in the order of addition polymerization of amino and epoxide, ring‐opening polymerization of benzoxazine, etherification between phenolic hydroxyl of the polymerized benzoxazine, and epoxide. Compared with DETDA cured DGEBA, PDETDA‐NH2 cured DGEBA showed higher modulus, higher char yield, and much lower water uptake.
Phase I dose‐finding study for melatonin in pediatric oncology patients with relapsed solid tumors
Authors: Johnston Donna L. , Zupanec Susan , Nicksy Darcy , Morgenstern Daniel , Narendran Aru , Deyell Rebecca J. , Samson Yvan , Wu Bing , Baruchel Sylvain
Published: February 2019

Background

Melatonin is a natural health product used for sleep disturbances. In preliminary studies of adults with advanced cancer, 20 mg of melatonin daily was associated with reduction in anorexia and weight loss—symptoms that also impact pediatric oncology patients. High doses of melatonin have not been studied in pediatrics.

Methods

This was a multicenter single‐arm phase I dose‐escalation study utilizing a 3 + 3 design to determine the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of melatonin in pediatric oncology patients with relapsed solid tumors. Melatonin was given for 8 weeks at three dose levels—0.075 mg/kg (maximum 5 mg), 0.15 mg/kg (maximum 10 mg), and 0.3 mg/kg (maximum 20 mg).

Results

Melatonin was well tolerated at all three dose levels with no significant adverse events or dose‐limiting toxicities. The only grade 3/4 toxicities were myelosuppression, which was attributed to the concomitant chemotherapy and occurred at all dose levels. Weight gain occurred in seven of nine patients, with a median increase of 1.1 kg (range –3.3 to 4.5) or 3.4% (range –10.2 to 8.7), with two patients losing weight (one in dose level 1 and one level 3).

Conclusions

Melatonin is well tolerated at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg (maximum 20 mg), in the pediatric population. This study provides the background for further study of high‐dose melatonin in pediatric oncology patients.
Tensile and flexural damage response of symmetric angle‐ply carbon fiber‐reinforced epoxy laminates: Non‐linear response and effects of thickness and ply‐stacking sequence
Authors: Caminero Miguel Angel , Rodríguez Gloria Patricia , Chacón Jesus Miguel , García‐Moreno Irene
Published: February 2019

Advanced fiber reinforced composites have excellent specific strength and stiffness properties, but tend to be limited by linear elastic response and sudden, brittle failure. This lack of ductility greatly limits the structural efficiency of reinforced composite designs. Hence, achieving some non‐linear behavior is desirable and it can help composite structures to maintain functionality even when they are overloaded to improve safety and reduce the applied safety factors. The aim of this study is to characterize and assess the effect of laminate thickness and the type of scaling technique on the damage response of symmetric angle‐ply carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) composite laminates subjected to tensile and flexural loading. This study considers the different behavior of the composite material under tension and compression in order to evaluate their influence on the failure modes. Tensile and three‐point bending tests were carried out to determine the mechanical response in terms of strength and stiffness of the different CFRP laminates. Optical micrographs of failed samples were used to assess damage mechanisms of the different configurations. It was observed that non‐linear behavior and high strains to failure could be achieved with angle‐ply laminates. Furthermore, the maximum flexural strength increased and maximum flexural strain decreased as laminate thickness increased. Finally, the results obtained demonstrate that introducing ply clustering had a negative effect on the mechanical performance and pseudo‐ductility exhibited by angle‐ply laminates. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:3678–3690, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Concurrent Proteomic Fingerprinting and Molecular Analysis of Cyathostomins
Authors: Bredtmann Christina Maria , Krücken Jürgen , Murugaiyan Jayaseelan , Balard Alice , Hofer Heribert , Kuzmina Tetiana A. , von Samson‐Himmelstjerna Georg
Published: February 2019

Rapid, cost‐effective, efficient, and reliable helminth species identification is of considerable importance to understand host–parasite interactions, clinical disease, and drug resistance. Cyathostomins (Nematoda: Strongylidae) are considered to be the most important equine parasites, yet research on this group is hampered by the large number of 50 morphologically differentiated species, their occurrence in mixed infections with often more than 10 species and the difficulties associated with conventional identification methods. Here, MALDI‐TOF MS, previously successfully applied to identify numerous organisms, is evaluated and compared with conventional and molecular genetic approaches. A simple and robust protocol for protein extraction and subsequent DNA isolation allowing molecular confirmation of proteomic findings is developed, showing that MALDI‐TOF MS can discriminate adult stages of the two closely related cyathostomin species Cylicostephanus longibursatus and Cylicostephanus minutus. Intraspecific variability of proteomic profiles within morphospecies demonstrated an identification of morphospecies with an accuracy of close to 100%. In contrast, three genospecies within C. minutus and sex‐specific profiles within both morphospecies could not be reliably discriminated using MALDI‐TOF MS. In conclusion, MALDI‐TOF MS complemented by the molecular protocol is a reliable and efficient approach for cyathostomin species identification.
Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Low Linolenic Acid Transgenic Soybean Reveals Perturbations of Fatty Acid Metabolic Pathways
Authors: Islam Nazrul , Bates Philip D. , Maria John K. M. , Krishnan Hari B. , J. Zhang Zhanyuan , Luthria Devanand L. , Natarajan Savithiry S.
Published: February 2019

To understand the effect of fatty acid desaturase gene (GmFAD3) silencing on perturbation of fatty acid (FA) metabolic pathways, the changes are compared in protein profiling in control and low linolenic acid transgenic soybeans using tandem mass tag based mass spectrometry. Protein profiling of the transgenic line unveiled changes in several key enzymes of FA metabolism. This includes enzymes of lower abundance; fabH, fabF, and thioestrase associated with FA initiation, elongation, and desaturation processes and LOX1_5, ACOX, ACAA1, MFP2 associated with β‐oxidation of α‐linolenic acids pathways. In addition, the GmFAD3 silencing results in a significant reduction in one of the major allergens, Gly m 4 (C6T3L5). These results are important for exploring how plants adjust in their biological processes when certain changes are induced in the genetic makeup. A complete understanding of these processes will aid researchers to alter genes for developing value‐added soybeans.
Alzheimer's dementia, posterior cortical atrophy variant with BPSD
Authors: Amo‐Korankye Samuel , Gul Saheem , Ninan Sheeba , Patel‐Palfreman Mina
Published: February 2019

The behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) can have a devastating impact on carers and family. Here, the authors describe a challenging case of a man with Alzheimer's dementia (AD), posterior cortical atrophy variant (PCA) who presented with severe BPSD, but discuss how non‐pharmacological methods were instrumental in helping his management.
GRGD‐decorated three‐dimensional nanoworm hydrogels for culturing human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Kessel Stefanie , Thakar Nilay , Jia Zhongfan , Wolvetang Ernst J. , Monteiro Michael J.
Published: February 2019

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) offer great hope in the development of regenerative medicine. This article demonstrates a method to prepare temperature induced three‐dimensional (3D) hydrogels consisting of soft and flexible polymer nanoworms with a radius of 10 nm and lengths on the micrometer scale. We decorated the surface of the nanoworms with the integrin‐binding peptide (RGD) using our novel physical adsorption process, and show that the resulting gels are able to immobilize and maintain the survival of hESCs. We conclude that the unique PNIPAM nanoworm hydrogels allow binding of undifferentiated hESC through small integrin‐binding peptides. Their temperature sensitivity, biocompatibility, ability to present combinations of multiple ligands and moldability into any desired 3D shape should make this nanoworm system a versatile platform for organoid engineering and regenerative medicine in the future. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 1956–1963
Human factors of fire and explosion accidents in petrochemical enterprises
Authors: Chen Mengmeng , Wang Kai , Guo Haijun , Yuan Yingfeng
Published: February 2019

Human factor is one of main causes of fire and explosion accidents in petrochemical enterprises. In order to minimize the accident frequency and associated damage, a better understanding of the role played by human factor in such accident is prerequisite. In the present study, 212 accidents are collected and analyzed. The Human Factors Analysis and Classification System‐Petrochemical Enterprise Fire and Explosion (HFACS‐PEFE) is established to examine the mechanism of human failure. The model indicates violations, intellectual limitations, inadequate supervision, and insufficient safety culture are the most important factors in causing fire and explosion accidents. Relationships between different human factors, which are involved in the HFACS‐PEFE framework, are identified by conducting chi‐square test and odds ratio (OR) analysis. Five accident development routes and corresponding probabilities are achieved. The route comprised of insufficient safety culture → inadequate supervision → intellectual limitations → violations is the easiest way to result in fire and explosion accidents. To avoid the occurrence of such accidents, direct and indirect measures are proposed to improve human performance. © 2019 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog: e12043 2019
The evolution of multiple‐insecticide resistance in UK populations of tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta
Authors: Grant Charles , Jacobson Rob , Ilias Aris , Berger Madeleine , Vasakis Emmanouil , Bielza Pablo , Zimmer Christoph T , Williamson Martin S , ffrench‐Constant Richard H , Vontas John , Roditakis Emmanouil , Bass Chris
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta, is an economically important pest of tomatoes in Europe, Africa, Asia and South America. In the UK this species is controlled using an integrated pest management (IPM) programme which incorporates the insecticides spinosad and chlorantraniliprole. In response to UK grower concerns of loss of efficacy of these compounds at certain sites, insecticide bioassays were performed on five populations collected from four commercial glasshouses and potential mechanisms of resistance investigated.

RESULTS

We observed high levels of resistance to spinosad in four of the strains, and in two of these tolerance to chlorantraniliprole. Selection of one of these strains with chlorantraniliprole rapidly resulted in a line exhibiting potent resistance to this compound. Sequencing of messenger RNA encoding the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) α6 subunit, target of spinosad, revealed Taα6 transcripts in the spinosad‐resistant strains that lack exon 4 and encode a highly truncated protein, or contain a triplet deletion in the predicted first transmembrane domain resulting in the loss of a highly conserved amino acid. Sequencing of the ryanodine receptor gene, encoding the target of diamide insecticides, of the chlorantraniliprole‐selected line revealed an amino acid substitution (G4903V) that has been previously linked to diamide resistance in populations of T. absoluta in the Mediterranean and South America.

CONCLUSION

Taken together our results reveal emerging resistance in UK populations of T. absoluta to two of the most important insecticides used as part of IPM, with significant implications for the control of this species in the UK. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Drug management in patients with reduced kidney function
Authors: Azhar Adeem , Hussain Kasim , Majid Abdul
Published: February 2019

Renal impairment can reduce drug excretion and increase the risk of adverse drug reactions. This article discusses the factors to consider when prescribing for patients with reduced kidney function or acute kidney injury.
Ixekizumab: targeting plaque psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: February 2019

Ixekizumab (Taltz) is an anti‐interleukin‐17A monoclonal antibody therapy for the treatment of adults with plaque psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis. This article discusses its efficacy and place in therapy.
Theoretical Investigation of Phase Transitions of Graphite and Cubic 3C Diamond Into Hexagonal 2H Diamond Under High Pressures
Authors: Greshnyakov Vladimir A. , Belenkov Evgeny A. , Brzhezinskaya Maria M.
Published: February 2019

Possible techniques for experimentally obtaining hexagonal diamond are studied in the scope of the density functional theory method. It has been found that hexagonal diamond may be created as a result of structural transition at 61–68 GPa uniaxial compression from orthorhombic AB graphite and at 57–66 GPa from hexagonal AA graphite. Also the formation of hexagonal diamond is shown to take place in case of very strong (300–380 GPa) compression of cubic diamond. X‐ray and electron‐microscopic data on nanodiamonds from meteorite craters are analyzed for the presence of hexagonal diamond. The analysis shows that impact‐origin carbon materials do not contain pure cubic and hexagonal diamonds, and the layers of nascent crystals of diamond polytypes are randomly packed.
Tuning of a Kagome Magnet: Insulating Ground State in Ga‐Substituted Cu4(OH)6Cl2
Authors: Puphal Pascal , Ranjith Kizhake Malayil , Pustogow Andrej , Müller Max , Rogalev Andrei , Kummer Kurt , Orain Jean‐Christophe , Baines Christopher , Baenitz Michael , Dressel Martin , Kermarrec Edwin , Bert Fabrice , Mendels Philippe , Krellner Cornelius
Published: February 2019

Here, a successful synthesis method of the series GaxCu4–x(OD)6Cl2 with substitutions up to x = 0.8 is presented. The compound remains a frustrated kagome system with an insulating ground state similar to herbertsmithite for these substitutions, as the additional charge of Ga3+ is most likely bound to additional OH− and Cl−. Besides infrared measurements, we present magnetic and specific‐heat data down to 2 K for selected samples with . With increasing x the long‐range magnetic order is suppressed, similar to what is observed in the series ZnxCu4–x(OH)6Cl2, indicating that Ga goes predominantly to the inter‐plane position of the layered crystal structure. The reduction of the frozen magnetic fraction with increasing substitution is followed by muon spin relaxation (μSR) measurements. 69,71Ga nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was applied as a local probe for Ga induced disorder. One well resolved Ga NMR line of moderate width is found for each isotope across the phase diagram which indicates a rather homogeneous distribution of the Ga isotopes on a single site in the lattice.
A study of FTIR and XPS analysis of alkaline‐based cleaning agent for removing Cu‐BTA residue on Cu wafer
Authors: Gao Baohong , Tan Baimei , Liu Yuling , Wang Chenwei , He Yangang , Huang Yanyan
Published: February 2019

This study is to focus on the benzotriazole (BTA) residue problem in the postchemical mechanical planarization (post‐CMP) cleaning process. The adsorption of BTA on copper surface was studied by analyzing the FTIR spectra; it indicates that the oxidation of the copper surface could affect the adsorption of BTA on the wafer surface. It used an alkaline‐based chelating agent, ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid with four equivalents of 3,4‐diaminobutane‐1,1,2,2‐tetraol, to deal with Cu‐BTA film, compared with the tetraethyl ammonium hydroxide at the same pH of 10.3, and used X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis to characterize the BTA residue on Cu wafer. The results show that the alkaline‐based chelating agent is very effective in removing the Cu‐BTA from the Cu surface and leaving the cuprous species to passivate the Cu surface.
Hydrodeoxygenation of Octanoic Acid over Supported Ni and Mo Catalysts: Effect of Ni/Mo Ratio and Catalyst Recycling
Authors: Zhu Yanli , Wei Ruiping , Fan Jingdeng , Wu Yuanfeng , Xu Siquan , Gao Linjing , Zhang Jin , Xiao Guomin
Published: February 2019

Hydrodeoxygenation of octanoic acid over supported NiMo bimetallic catalysts was investigated as a representative of carboxylic acid compounds in bio‐oils. A series of MCM‐41supported Ni and Mo bimetal catalysts were prepared with the wetness impregnation method. The microstructural and physicochemical properties of the fresh and recovered bimetal catalysts were characterized by various methods such as X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), etc.. The results show that the bulk NiO particles were well‐uniformly dispersed on the surface of the bimetal catalyst, and Mo4+ was founded as the main valence of Mo inside solid. Under the optimal conditions, i. e. the reaction temperature of 270 °C, reaction pressure of 3 MPa, and reaction time of 7 h, the 3Ni7Mo/MCM‐41 sample exhibits selectivity to octane 72.6% with a high conversion of octanoic acid 96.1%. Only a slight decrease in catalytic activity was observed after reused for three times. Moreover, the recovered sample was easily regenerated only with simple calcination and deoxidization, but has the similar microstructure compared with the fresh one.
Bundled Defect‐Rich MoS2 for a High‐Rate and Long‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery: Achieving 3D Diffusion of Sodium Ion by Vacancies to Improve Kinetics
Authors: Yao Kai , Xu Zhanwei , Huang Jianfeng , Ma Meng , Fu Licai , Shen Xuetao , Li Jia , Fu Maosen
Published: February 2019

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a 2D‐layered compound, is regarded as a promising anode for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its attractive theoretical capacity and low cost. The main challenges associated with MoS2 are the low rate capability suffering from the sluggish kinetics of Na+ intercalation and the poor cycling stability owning to the stack of MoS2 sheets. In this work, a unique architecture of bundled defect‐rich MoS2 (BD‐MoS2) that consists of MoS2 with large vacancies bundled by ultrathin MoO3 is achieved via a facile quenching process. When employed as anode for a SIB, the BD‐MoS2 electrode exhibits an ultrafast charge/discharge due to the pseudocapacitive‐controlled Na+ storage mechanism in it. Further experimental and theoretical calculations show that Na+ is able to cross the MoS2 layer by vacancies, not only limited to diffusion along the layer, thus realizing a 3D Na+ diffusion with faster kinetics. Meanwhile, the bundling architecture reduces the stack of sheets with a superior cycle life illustrating the highly reversible capacities of 350 and 272 mAh g−1 at 2 and 5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles.
Coordinating Tissue Regeneration Through Transforming Growth Factor-β Activated Kinase 1 Inactivation and Reactivation
Authors: Hsieh Hsiao Hsin Sung , Agarwal Shailesh , Cholok David J. , Loder Shawn J. , Kaneko Kieko , Huber Amanda , Chung Michael T. , Ranganathan Kavitha , Habbouche Joe , Li John , Butts Jonathan , Reimer Jonathan , Kaura Arminder , Drake James , Breuler Christopher , Priest Caitlin R. , Nguyen Joe , Brownley Cameron , Peterson Jonathan , Ozgurel Serra Ucer , Niknafs Yashar S. , Li Shuli , Inagaki Maiko , Scott Greg , Krebsbach Paul H. , Longaker Michael T. , Westover Kenneth , Gray Nathanael , Ninomiya-Tsuji Jun , Mishina Yuji , Levi Benjamin
Published: February 2019

Aberrant wound healing presents as inappropriate or insufficient tissue formation. Using a model of musculoskeletal injury, we demonstrate that loss of transforming growth factor-β activated kinase 1 (TAK1) signaling reduces inappropriate tissue formation (heterotopic ossification) through reduced cellular differentiation. Upon identifying increased proliferation with loss of TAK1 signaling, we considered a regenerative approach to address insufficient tissue production through coordinated inactivation of TAK1 to promote cellular proliferation, followed by reactivation to elicit differentiation and extracellular matrix production. Although the current regenerative medicine paradigm is centered on the effects of drug treatment (“drug on”), the impact of drug withdrawal (“drug off”) implicit in these regimens is unknown. Because current TAK1 inhibitors are unable to phenocopy genetic Tak1 loss, we introduce the dual-inducible COmbinational Sequential Inversion ENgineering (COSIEN) mouse model. The COSIEN mouse model, which allows us to study the response to targeted drug treatment (“drug on”) and subsequent withdrawal (“drug off”) through genetic modification, was used here to inactivate and reactivate Tak1 with the purpose of augmenting tissue regeneration in a calvarial defect model. Our study reveals the importance of both the “drug on” (Cre-mediated inactivation) and “drug off” (Flp-mediated reactivation) states during regenerative therapy using a mouse model with broad utility to study targeted therapies for disease. Stem Cells  2019;37:766–778
Use of model‐based architecture attributes to construct a component‐level trade space
Authors: McKean David , Moreland James D. , Doskey Steven
Published: February 2019

Component‐level system design first builds a design trade space of alternate solutions composed of one or more system function allocations (or partitions) to one or more physical hardware or software product component configurations. Alternate solutions are then analyzed to select a near‐optimal solution that satisfies all system requirements. The past two or more decades have seen much research into solution of the hardware/software partitioning problem. A traditional assumption has been that software executes on a single processing resource, whereas modern computer systems provide a heterogeneous combination of processing resources. These processing technologies enable performance (speed) optimization through algorithm parallelization at the expense of potentially conflicting power and thermal concerns. Current research focuses primarily on function partitioning with heterogeneous processors to achieve performance optimization. There still exists the problem of quantifying function partitioning for additional architecture attributes (electrical energy, thermal, reliability, etc.). This article presents an extensible, executable model‐based system engineering framework that supports these architecture attributes. A proof‐of‐concept executable performance attribute model for single‐CPU systems is presented that produces static performance estimates to support optimization analysis and dynamic estimates for simulation analysis. This model‐based method replaces current spreadsheet approaches for architecture analysis of alternatives. Improved performance estimation reduces the need for prototype development, saving time and money. Improved architecture attribute estimates foster early communication with specialty engineers, improving design through better informed trade‐offs. Design space exploration fidelity is improved through the ability to easily model computer resource alternatives.
Assessment of atrioventricular conduction by echocardiography and magnetocardiography in normal and anti‐Ro/SSA‐antibody‐positive pregnancies
Authors: Cuneo B. F. , Bitant S. , Strasburger J. F. , Kaizer A. M. , Wakai R. T.
Published: February 2019

Objectives

The objectives of this study were, first, to evaluate the association between fetal echocardiographic atrioventricular (AV) and magnetocardiographic (fMCG) PR intervals at different gestational ages (GAs) in normal and anti‐Ro/SSA‐antibody‐positive pregnancies; second, to determine if PR interval could be predicted by AV interval; and third, to assess the neonatal outcome of fetuses with prolonged AV and PR intervals, with the goal of developing criteria for fetal first‐degree AV block (AVB‐I).

Methods

This was a retrospective study of anti‐Ro/SSA‐antibody‐positive pregnancies (cases) and controls that underwent fMCG and fetal echocardiography at the same recording session. Cardiac cycle length, GA and AV (by mitral inflow/aortic outflow Doppler) and PR (by fMCG) intervals were measured. We tested for significant differences between AV and PR intervals using generalized estimating equations to account for repeat measurements, and assessed whether PR interval could be predicted reliably by AV interval. After delivery, infants with fetal AV or PR interval Z‐score ≥ 3 underwent 12‐lead electrocardiography.

Results

Thirty‐nine controls and 31 cases underwent 46 and 36 simultaneous fMCG and echocardiographic examinations, respectively; 101 controls and nine cases underwent fMCG only. AV and PR intervals increased with GA (P < 0.05 for both). Overall, AV and PR intervals were significantly different from each other (P < 0.001); this difference was not significant when compared between cases and controls (P = 0.222). PR interval could not be predicted accurately from AV interval and GA alone. Three of four cases with AV and PR interval Z‐scores > + 3 had postnatal AVB‐I despite treatment. The fourth fetus, which had predominately second‐degree AVB and rare periods of AVB‐I, progressed to third‐degree AVB despite treatment with dexamethasone.

Conclusions

The diagnostic threshold for AVB‐I, defined by AV interval Z‐score, is GA dependent. Based on the observed data, an AV interval Z‐score threshold of 3 (AV interval, 151–167 ms) may be appropriate. Echocardiographic AV interval was not predictive of fMCG‐PR interval. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Die Geschichte der Deutschen Vakuum‐Gesellschaft DVG e. V.
Authors: Fiedler Wilfriede
Published: February 2019

Seit fast einem halben Jahrhundert fördern die Deutsche Vakuum‐Gesellschaft und ihre Vorgängerorganisationen die Forschung und Anwendung der vakuumgestützten Wissenschaften und Technologien, pflegen den nationalen wie auch internationalen wissenschaftlichen Informations‐ und Meinungsaustausch in den verbundenen Fachdisziplinen, zeichnen herausragende wissenschaftliche Leistungen aus und unterstützen die Aus‐ und Weiterbildung rund um die Vakuumtechnologie. Highlights und Wendepunkte dieser Entwicklung – von den 1950er Jahren bis in unsere Zeit – werden hier beschrieben.
Prehabilitation Before Major Abdominal Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Authors: Hughes Michael J. , Hackney Rosie J. , Lamb Peter J. , Wigmore Stephen J. , Christopher Deans D. A. , Skipworth Richard J. E.
Published: February 2019

Introduction

Prehabilitation prior to major surgery has increased in popularity over recent years and aims to improve pre‐operative conditioning of patients to improve post‐operative outcomes. The beneficial effect of such protocols is not well established with conflicting results reported. This review aimed to assess the effect of prehabilitation on post‐operative outcome after major abdominal surgery.

Methods

EMBASE, Medline, PubMed and the Cochrane database were searched in August 2018 for trials comparing outcomes of patients undergoing prehabilitation involving prescribed respiratory and exercise interventions prior to abdominal surgery. Study characteristics, overall and pulmonary morbidity, length of stay (LOS), maximum inspiratory pressure and change in six‐minute walking test (6MWT) distance were obtained. The primary outcome was post‐operative overall morbidity within 30 days. Dichotomous data were analysed by fixed or random effects odds ratio. Continuous data were analysed with weighted mean difference.

Results

Fifteen RCTs were included in the analysis with 457 prehabilitation patients and 450 control group patients. A significant reduction in overall (OR 0.63 95% CI 0.46–0.87 I2 34%, p = 0.005) and pulmonary morbidity (OR 0.4 95% CI 0.23–0.68, I2 = 0%, p = 0.0007) was observed in the prehabilitation group. No significant difference in LOS (WMD −2.39 95% CI −4.86 to 0.08 I2 = 0%, p = 0.06) or change in 6MWT distance (WMD 9.06 95% CI −35.68, 53.81 I2 = 88%, p = 0.69) was observed.

Conclusions

Prehabilitation can reduce overall and pulmonary morbidity following surgery and could be utilised routinely. The precise protocol of prehabilitation has not been completely established. Further work is required to tailor optimal prehabilitation protocols for specific operative procedures.
Dynamic detection of anomalous regions within distributed acoustic sensing data streams using locally stationary wavelet time series
Authors: Wilson Rebecca E. , Eckley Idris A. , Nunes Matthew A. , Park Timothy
Published: February 2019

Distributed acoustic sensing technology is increasingly being used to support production and well management within the oil and gas sector, for example to improve flow monitoring and production profiling. This sensing technology is capable of recording substantial data volumes at multiple depths within an oil well, giving unprecedented insights into production behaviour. However the technology is also prone to recording periods of anomalous behaviour, where the same physical features are concurrently observed at multiple depths. Such features are called ‘stripes’ and are undesirable, detrimentally affecting well performance modelling. This paper focuses on the important challenge of developing a principled approach to identifying such anomalous periods within distributed acoustic signals. We extend recent work on classifying locally stationary wavelet time series to an online setting and, in so doing, introduce a computationally-efficient online procedure capable of accurately identifying anomalous regions within multivariate time series.
Characterization of stem, stripe and leaf rust resistance in Tajik bread wheat accessions
Authors: Rahmatov Mahbubjon , Otambekova Munira , Muminjanov Hafiz , Rouse Matthew N. , Hovmøller Mogens S. , Nazari Kumarse , Steffenson Brian J. , Johansson Eva
Published: February 2019

Stem rust [causal organism:Puccinia graminisf. sp. tritici(Pgt)], stripe rust [Puccinia striiformisf. sp.tritici(Pst)], and leaf rust [Puccinia triticina(Pt)] are important fungal diseases of wheat in Central Asia and worldwide. Therefore, identification of seedling and adult plant resistance (APR) genes is of major importance for the national wheat breeding program in many countries. The objectives of this study were to identify genes that confer seedling and APR resistances in widely grown wheat cultivars, landraces and advanced lines from Tajikistan. A total of 41 wheat accessions were inoculated with eleven races ofPgt, twelve races ofPstand nine races ofPtfor postulation ofSr(stem rust),Yr(yellow or stripe rust), andLr Lr(leaf rust) resistance genes at the seedling stage. In addition, all of the accessions were tested in field trials for the response to stem rust and stripe rust. Genes for seedling stem rust resistance (i.e.Sr5,Sr6,Sr11,Sr31, andSr38), stripe rust resistance (Yr9,Yr17, andY27), and leaf rust resistance (Lr16andLr26) were postulated in the Tajik wheat. The presence of the pleiotropic APR genesSr2/Yr30/Lr27(associated with pseudo-black chaff phenotype) andLr34/Yr18/Sr57(associated with leaf tip necrosis phenotype), and alsoLr37were assessed in the field and confirmed with linked molecular markers. In most of the wheat accessions, resistance genes could not be postulated because their infection types did not match the avirulence or virulence profile of thePgt,PstandPtraces tested. Six, seven, and nine accessions were identified that likely possess new genes for resistance to stem rust, stripe rust, and leaf rust, respectively, which have not been described previously. The research demonstrates the presence of effective seedling resistance and APR genes in widely grown wheat accessions that could facilitate further rust resistance breeding in the national wheat breeding program in Tajikistan.