bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin E in irritable bowel syndrome: another target for treatment? A case report and literature review
Authors: Pearson James S. , Niven Robert M. , Meng Jie , Atarodi Sima , Whorwell Peter J.
Published: June 2015

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is notoriously difficult to treat and this situation is unlikely to change until the pathophysiology is better understood. There is no doubt that IBS is a multifactorial condition but it is likely that the relative contribution of the various factors involved varies from patient to patient. Consequently, in some individuals one mechanism may have such a strong effect that its elimination may lead to a substantial improvement in symptoms. This paper describes a patient with severe asthma and IBS where the administration of an anti-Immunoglobulin E (IgE) monoclonal antibody not only improved her asthma but also resulted in an almost complete resolution of her IBS symptoms. This observation suggests that some form of allergic process, which may be mediated by IgE, might be driving IBS in some patients and there is evidence from the literature that atopy is more common in this condition. Therefore, in patients with IBS and atopy where the response to standard treatment is poor, it may be worth considering targeting the allergic diathesis. Possible approaches include skin testing with food antigens followed by an appropriate exclusion diet or pharmacological mast cell stabilization.
Imaging in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy and Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Shetty Teena , Raince Avtar , Manning Erin , Tsiouris Apostolos John
Published: June 2015

Context:

The diagnosis of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) can only be made pathologically, and there is no concordance of defined clinical criteria for premorbid diagnosis. The absence of established criteria and the insufficient imaging findings to detect this disease in a living athlete are of growing concern.

Evidence Acquisition:

The article is a review of the current literature on CTE. Databases searched include Medline, PubMed, JAMA evidence, and evidence-based medicine guidelines Cochrane Library, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Cornell Library databases.

Study Design:

Clinical review.

Level of Evidence:

Level 4.

Results:

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy cannot be diagnosed on imaging. Examples of imaging findings in common types of head trauma are discussed.

Conclusion:

Further study is necessary to correlate the clinical and imaging findings of repetitive head injuries with the pathologic diagnosis of CTE.
Case series: Radiofrequency cathether ablation of atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia in octogenerians
Authors: Zalewska Kasia Isabel , Barry James
Published: June 2015

Ablation in octogenerians is effective and allows rationalisation of pharmacotherapy. Advancing age should not be a barrier to its use.
Do clinicians use more question marks?
Authors: Zijlmans Maeike , Otte Willem M , van’t Klooster Maryse A , van Diessen Eric , Leijten Frans SS , Sander Josemir W
Published: June 2015

Objective

To quantify the use of question marks in titles of published studies.

Design and setting

Literature review.

Participants

All Pubmed publications between 1 January 2013 and 31 December 2013 with an available abstract. Papers were classified as being clinical when the search terms clin*, med* or patient* were found anywhere in the paper’s title, abstract or the journal’s name. Other papers were considered controls. As a verification, clinical journals were compared to non-clinical journals in two different approaches. Also, 50 highest impact journals were explored for publisher group dependent differences.

Main outcome measure

Total number of question marks in titles.

Results

A total of 368,362 papers were classified as clinical and 596,889 as controls. Clinical papers had question marks in 3.9% (95% confidence interval 3.8–4.0%) of titles and other papers in 2.3% (confidence interval 2.3–2.3%; p < 0.001). These findings could be verified for clinical journals compared to non-clinical journals. Different percentages between four publisher groups were found ( p < 0.01).

Conclusion

We found more question marks in titles of clinical papers than in other papers. This could suggest that clinicians often have a question-driven approach to research and scientists in more fundamental research a hypothesis-driven approach. An alternative explanation is that clinicians like catchy titles. Publishing groups might have pro- and anti-question mark policies.
Change in Limb Length After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Tipton Shane , Sutherland John , Schwarzkopf Ran
Published: June 2015

The clinical outcome of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains suboptimal in some patients. One of the factors that might hinder improved functionality may be postoperative limb length discrepancy due to increase in limb length of the operative limb. The objective of this cross-sectional prospective study was to examine the extent to which limb length change occurs after TKA and to compare the change in limb length to the degree of valgus or varus joint position preoperatively. The role of body mass index and Kellgren-Lawrence grade in limb length change was also assessed. The data of 137 TKAs were analyzed and separated into categories to compare change in limb length pre- versus postoperatively. In all, 59.1% of patients experienced an increase in limb length with an average increase of 0.438 cm, but overall, there was no statistically significant difference in limb length pre- versus postoperatively ( P value 0.598). Similar trends were seen within all other groups. It is the conclusion of this study that limb lengthening after TKA does not frequently occur to a statistically significant extent, regardless of preoperative joint state.
“It’s Dude Time!”
Authors: Cooky Cheryl , Messner Michael A. , Musto Michela
Published: June 2015

The last quarter century has seen a dramatic movement of girls and women into sport, but this social change is reflected unevenly in sports media. This study, a 5-year update to a 25-year longitudinal study, indicates that the quantity of coverage of women’s sports in televised sports news and highlights shows remains dismally low. Even more so than in past iterations of this study, the lion’s share of coverage is given to the “big three” of men’s pro and college football, basketball, and baseball. The study reveals some qualitative changes over time, including a decline in the once-common tendency to present women as sexualized objects of humor replaced by a tendency to view women athletes in their roles as mothers. The analysis highlights a stark contrast between the exciting, amplified delivery of stories about men’s sports, and the often dull, matter-of-fact delivery of women’s sports stories. The article ends with suggestions for three policy changes that would move TV sports news and highlights shows toward greater gender equity and fairness.
AIM/CD5L: a key protein in the control of immune homeostasis and inflammatory disease
Authors: Sanjurjo Lucía , Aran Gemma , Roher Nerea , Valledor Annabel F , Sarrias Maria-Rosa
Published: June 2015

CD5L, a soluble protein belonging to the SRCR superfamily, is expressed mostly by macrophages in lymphoid and inflamed tissues. The expression of this protein is transcriptionally controlled by LXRs, members of the nuclear receptor family that play major roles in lipid homeostasis. Research undertaken over the last decade has uncovered critical roles of CD5L as a PRR of bacterial and fungal components and in the control of key mechanisms in inflammatory responses, with involvement in processes, such as infection, atherosclerosis, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of CD5L, its roles at the intersection between lipid homeostasis and immune response, and its potential use as a diagnostic biomarker in a variety of diseases, such as TB and liver cirrhosis.
Editorial: NK cell reaping of Tfh cells: reckless slaughter or sensible pruning?
Authors: Brown Michael G , Erickson Loren D
Published: June 2015

Discussion of NK cell regulation of T cells during persistent viral infection, and extends to humoral immunity via control of Tfh cells.
Salt, chloride, bleach, and innate host defense
Authors: Wang Guoshun , Nauseef William M
Published: June 2015

Salt provides 2 life-essential elements: sodium and chlorine. Chloride, the ionic form of chlorine, derived exclusively from dietary absorption and constituting the most abundant anion in the human body, plays critical roles in many vital physiologic functions, from fluid retention and secretion to osmotic maintenance and pH balance. However, an often overlooked role of chloride is its function in innate host defense against infection. Chloride serves as a substrate for the generation of the potent microbicide chlorine bleach by stimulated neutrophils and also contributes to regulation of ionic homeostasis for optimal antimicrobial activity within phagosomes. An inadequate supply of chloride to phagocytes and their phagosomes, such as in CF disease and other chloride channel disorders, severely compromises host defense against infection. We provide an overview of the roles that chloride plays in normal innate immunity, highlighting specific links between defective chloride channel function and failures in host defense.
In Situ Near-Infrared (NIR) versus High-Throughput Mid-Infrared (MIR) Spectroscopy to Monitor Biopharmaceutical Production
Authors: Sales Kevin C. , Rosa Filipa , Sampaio Pedro N. , Fonseca Luís P. , Lopes Marta B. , Calado Cecilia R.C.
Published: June 2015

The development of biopharmaceutical manufacturing processes presents critical constraints, with the major constraint being that living cells synthesize these molecules, presenting inherent behavior variability due to their high sensitivity to small fluctuations in the cultivation environment. To speed up the development process and to control this critical manufacturing step, it is relevant to develop high-throughput and in situ monitoring techniques, respectively. Here, high-throughput mid-infrared (MIR) spectral analysis of dehydrated cell pellets and in situ near-infrared (NIR) spectral analysis of the whole culture broth were compared to monitor plasmid production in recombinant Escherichia coli cultures. Good partial least squares (PLS) regression models were built, either based on MIR or NIR spectral data, yielding high coefficients of determination ( R2) and low predictive errors (root mean square error, or RMSE) to estimate host cell growth, plasmid production, carbon source consumption (glucose and glycerol), and by-product acetate production and consumption. The predictive errors for biomass, plasmid, glucose, glycerol, and acetate based on MIR data were 0.7 g/L, 9 mg/L, 0.3 g/L, 0.4 g/L, and 0.4 g/L, respectively, whereas for NIR data the predictive errors obtained were 0.4 g/L, 8 mg/L, 0.3 g/L, 0.2 g/L, and 0.4 g/L, respectively. The models obtained are robust as they are valid for cultivations conducted with different media compositions and with different cultivation strategies (batch and fed-batch). Besides being conducted in situ with a sterilized fiber optic probe, NIR spectroscopy allows building PLS models for estimating plasmid, glucose, and acetate that are as accurate as those obtained from the high-throughput MIR setup, and better models for estimating biomass and glycerol, yielding a decrease in 57 and 50% of the RMSE, respectively, compared to the MIR setup. However, MIR spectroscopy could be a valid alternative in the case of optimization protocols, due to possible space constraints or high costs associated with the use of multi-fiber optic probes for multi-bioreactors. In this case, MIR could be conducted in a high-throughput manner, analyzing hundreds of culture samples in a rapid and automatic mode.
Improved Quantitative Analysis of Spectra Using a New Method of Obtaining Derivative Spectra Based on a Singular Perturbation Technique
Authors: Li Zhigang , Wang Qiaoyun , Lv Jiangtao , Ma Zhenhe , Yang Linjuan
Published: June 2015

Spectroscopy is often applied when a rapid quantitative analysis is required, but one challenge is the translation of raw spectra into a final analysis. Derivative spectra are often used as a preliminary preprocessing step to resolve overlapping signals, enhance signal properties, and suppress unwanted spectral features that arise due to non-ideal instrument and sample properties. In this study, to improve quantitative analysis of near-infrared spectra, derivatives of noisy raw spectral data need to be estimated with high accuracy. A new spectral estimator based on singular perturbation technique, called the singular perturbation spectra estimator (SPSE), is presented, and the stability analysis of the estimator is given. Theoretical analysis and simulation experimental results confirm that the derivatives can be estimated with high accuracy using this estimator. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the estimator for processing noisy infrared spectra is evaluated using the analysis of beer spectra. The derivative spectra of the beer and the marzipan are used to build the calibration model using partial least squares (PLS) modeling. The results show that the PLS based on the new estimator can achieve better performance compared with the Savitzky–Golay algorithm and can serve as an alternative choice for quantitative analytical applications.
Discrimination of Various Paper Types Using Diffuse Reflectance Ultraviolet–Visible Near-Infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) Spectroscopy: Forensic Application to Questioned Documents
Authors: Kumar Raj , Kumar Vinay , Sharma Vishal
Published: June 2015

Diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared (UV-Vis-NIR) spectroscopy is applied as a means of differentiating various types of writing, office, and photocopy papers (collected from stationery shops in India) on the basis of reflectance and absorbance spectra that otherwise seem to be almost alike in different illumination conditions. In order to minimize bias, spectra from both sides of paper were obtained. In addition, three spectra from three different locations (from one side) were recorded covering the upper, middle, and bottom portions of the paper sample, and the mean average reflectivity of both the sides was calculated. A significant difference was observed in mean average reflectivity of Side A and Side B of the paper using Student's pair t-test. Three different approaches were used for discrimination: (1) qualitative features of the whole set of samples, (2) principal component analysis, and (3) a combination of both approaches. On the basis of the first approach, i.e., qualitative features, 96.49% discriminating power (DP) was observed, which shows highly significant results with the UV-Vis-NIR technique. In the second approach the discriminating power is further enhanced by incorporating the principal component analysis (PCA) statistical method, where this method describes each UV-Vis spectrum in a group through numerical loading values connected to the first few principal components. All components described 100% variance of the samples, but only the first three PCs are good enough to explain the variance (PC1 = 51.64%, PC2 = 47.52%, and PC3 = 0.54%) of the samples; i.e., the first three PCs described 99.70% of the data, whereas in the third approach, the four samples, C, G, K, and N, out of a total 19 samples, which were not differentiated using qualitative features (approach no. 1), were therefore subjected to PCA. The first two PCs described 99.37% of the spectral features. The discrimination was achieved by using a loading plot between PC1 and PC2. It is therefore concluded that maximum discrimination of writing, office, and photocopy paper could be achieved on the basis of the second approach. Hence, the present inexpensive analytical method can be appropriate for application to routine questioned document examination work in forensic laboratories because it provides nondestructive, quantitative, reliable, and repeatable results.
Determination of Photoluminescence Quantum Yields of Scattering Media with an Integrating Sphere: Direct and Indirect Illumination
Authors: Würth Christian , Resch-Genger Ute
Published: June 2015

The ever-increasing use of fluorescent nanomaterials and micrometersized beads in the life and material sciences requires reliable procedures for the measurement of the key performance parameter fluorescence quantum yield (φf) of scattering particle dispersions and reference systems to evaluate the performance of such measurements. This encouraged us to systematically study, both theoretically and experimentally, the optical determination of photoluminescent quantum yield as a function of the scattering and absorption properties of the sample and the illumination geometry with an integrating sphere method. The latter included measurements with a direct and an indirect illumination. As a representative and easyto-prepare reference system, we used ethanolic dispersions of 250 nm sized silica particles and the dye rhodamine 101 and systematically varied the concentration of the dye and particles within the typical ranges of spectroscopic and (bio)analytical applications of fluorescent nanomaterials. Based on our measurements, we recommend indirect sample illumination geometry for the accurate measurement of φf of samples with low or unknown absorption and high scattering coefficients such as dispersions of luminescent particles or fluorescent reporters in biological matrices. This finding is of utmost relevance for all (bio)analytical applications of fluorescent nanomaterials ranging from particle labels and probes over assay platforms to safety barcodes.
Optimization of Gap Derivatives for Measuring Blood Concentration of Fabric Using Vibrational Spectroscopy
Authors: DeJong Stephanie A. , O'Brien Wayne L. , Lu Zhenyu , Cassidy Brianna M. , Morgan Stephen L. , Myrick Michael L.
Published: June 2015

Derivatives are common preprocessing tools, typically implemented as Savitzky–Golay (SG) smoothing derivatives. This work discusses the implementation and optimization of fourth-order gap derivatives (GDs) as an alternative to SG derivatives for processing infrared spectra before multivariate calibration. Gap derivatives approximate the analytical derivative by calculating finite differences of spectra without curve fitting. Gap derivatives offer an advantage of tunability for spectral data as the distance (gap) over which this finite difference is calculated can be varied. Gap selection is a compromise between signal attenuation, noise amplification, and spectral resolution. A method and discussion of the importance of fourth derivative gap selections are presented as well as a comparison to SG preprocessing and lower-order GDs in the context of multivariate calibration. In most cases, we found that optimized GDs led to calibration models performing comparably to or better than SG derivatives, and that optimized fourth-order GDs behaved similarly to matched filters.
Development and Integration of Block Operations for Data Invariant Automation of Digital Preprocessing and Analysis of Biological and Biomedical Raman Spectra
Authors: Schulze H. Georg , Turner Robin F. B.
Published: June 2015

High-throughput information extraction from large numbers of Raman spectra is becoming an increasingly taxing problem due to the proliferation of new applications enabled using advances in instrumentation. Fortunately, in many of these applications, the entire process can be automated, yielding reproducibly good results with significant time and cost savings. Information extraction consists of two stages, preprocessing and analysis. We focus here on the preprocessing stage, which typically involves several steps, such as calibration, background subtraction, baseline flattening, artifact removal, smoothing, and so on, before the resulting spectra can be further analyzed. Because the results of some of these steps can affect the performance of subsequent ones, attention must be given to the sequencing of steps, the compatibility of these sequences, and the propensity of each step to generate spectral distortions. We outline here important considerations to effect full automation of Raman spectral preprocessing: what is considered full automation; putative general principles to effect full automation; the proper sequencing of processing and analysis steps; conflicts and circularities arising from sequencing; and the need for, and approaches to, preprocessing quality control. These considerations are discussed and illustrated with biological and biomedical examples reflecting both successful and faulty preprocessing.
Moving-Window Two-Dimensional Heterospectral (MW2DHetero) Correlation Analysis and Its Application for the Process Monitoring of Alcoholic Fermentation
Authors: Nishii Takashi , Morita Shigeaki , Genkawa Takuma , Watari Masahiro , Ishikawa Daitaro , Ozaki Yukihiro
Published: June 2015

The technique of moving-window two-dimensional heterospectral (MW2DHetero) correlation spectroscopy is proposed. This computational method is based on the ideas of perturbation-correlation moving-window two-dimensional (PCMW2D) correlation spectroscopy and two-dimensional heterospectral correlation analysis. Not only small spectral variations, but also detailed bands assignments were captured using the analysis. This method was applied to near-infrared (NIR) spectra in the 10 000–4000 cm−1 region and mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectra in the 5000–1200 cm−1 region, which were simultaneously detected using a dual-region spectrometer. Near-infrared and mid-IR spectra collected during an alcoholic fermentation process using a solution containing glucose and fructose were reported. Slight time differences for the consumption of sugars compared with the production of ethanol were found between 50 and 150 min. It was concluded that these slight time differences are evidence for different consumption times between glucose and fructose during the fermentation process. The result proved a possibility of the selective monitoring of the simultaneous reaction processes between productive and consumptive components.
Effect of Mechanical Deformation on the Structure of Regenerated Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin Films as Revealed Using Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Huot Alexandrine , Lefèvre Thierry , Rioux-Dubé Jean-François , Paquet-Mercier François , Nault Anne-Philipe , Auger Michèle , Pézolet Michel
Published: June 2015

To better understand the effect of mechanical stress during the spinning of silk, the protein orientation and conformation of Bombyx mori regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) films have been studied as a function of deformation in a static mode or in real time by tensile-Raman experiments and polarization modulation infrared linear dichroism (PM-IRLD), respectively. The data show that either for step-by-step or continuous stretching, elongation induces the progressive formation of β-sheets that align along the drawing axis, in particular above a draw ratio of 2. The formation of β-sheets begins before their alignment during a continuous drawing. Unordered chains were, however, never found to be oriented, which explains the very low level of orientation of the amorphous phase of the natural fiber. Stress-perturbed unordered chains readily convert into β-sheets, the strain-induced transformation following a two-state process. The final level of orientation and β-sheet content are lower than those found in the native fiber, indicating that various parameters have to be optimized in order to implement a spinning process as efficient as the natural one. Finally, during the stress relaxation period in a step-by-step drawing, there is essentially no change of the content and orientation of the β-sheets, suggesting that only unordered structures tend to reorganize.
(Dis)graceful dancing bodies in South Africa
Authors: Samuel Gerard M.
Published: June 2015

Why is the inclusion of the disabled significant for Dance? How do the different ways in which dance by people with disabilities and older dancers aid one’s understanding of Othering? This article extends my earlier discussion offered in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011a, 2011b and 2012 that these largely marginalized groups suffer similar fate of invisibility within concert/theatre dance in South Africa. Gayatri Spivak’s provocation of the voiceless and Sylvia Glasser’s politics of dance foreground my argument of diverse dancing bodies. Dance, like multiple Englishes, opens up avenues of tolerance and grace for all South Africans. Recent choreographic examples such as Ina Wichterich-Mogane’s Lovaffair and Ananda Fuchs’s Fragile Falling reflect a continuum of disgraceful dancing bodies, marked on the periphery that could be seen as an aesthetic and ethical necessity in postcolonial spaces. These inclusions could constitute new pathways to valuing the lived and performative experiences of such diverse bodies.
Impossible dances: Staging disability in Brazil
Authors: Teixeira Ana Carolina Bezerra
Published: June 2015

In this article I discuss the creative experiences of dance artists with disabilities and their relationship to an economy of social inclusiveness that animates the neo-liberal tendencies of democratic Brazil. I discuss dance performances that involve people with disabilities in the context of Brazil’s artistic communities and social policies. I begin with my experience as a dancer and director of Roda Viva Cia de Dança and then review other contemporary artists with disabilities from Brazil, such as Marcos Abranches, in order to reimagine not only the social but also the artistic implications that disability might have for dance in Brazil. My goal is to move ideologically beyond the inclusive model that allows everyone to dance and emphasize the ­importance of artistic voice and creative autonomy.
Reflections on Simon Hantaï: Daniel Buren in conversation with Daniel Sturgis, Varennes-Jarcy, 23 September 2014
Authors: Sturgis Daniel
Published: June 2015

This article, in the form of a conversation between Daniel Buren and Daniel Sturgis, reflects upon Daniel Buren’s friendship and respect for the work of Simon Hantaï. Daniel Buren talks of his introduction to Simon Hantaï’s work, and how Hantaï influenced not only himself but also other artists from his generation and in particular Michel Parmentier. Daniel Buren also looks critically at the Simon Hantaï retrospective at the Centre Pompidou in 2013, which he felt did not fully capture the radical qualities that first drew him to Hantaï’s paintings and installations.
Consciousness-raising, Error Correction and Proofreading
Authors: O'Brien Josephine
Published: June 2015

The article sets out to explore the impact of developing a consciousness-raising approach in error correction at the sentence level in order to improve students’ proofreading ability at the level of text. Learners of English in a foreign language environment frequently fall into a reliance on translation as a composing tool and while this may act as a scaffold and provide some support with some utterances, it frequently leads to predictable and persistent errors. Such fossilization leads to on-going inaccuracies that detract from student composition and that require focused instruction and repeated practice in order to eradicate the errors. The current paper reports on an experiment in consciousness-raising about specific categories of errors with a group of 30 trainees teachers in Zayed University, Dubai during the spring semester 2014. Results on post-tests compared with scores on the pre test indicate a significant improvement in students’ performance as a result of focused instruction.
Integrating and Assessing Essential Learning Outcomes: Fostering Faculty Development and Student Engagement
Authors: Cydis Susan , Galantino Mary Lou , Hood Carra , Padden Mary , Richard Marc
Published: June 2015

This paper proposes a model for implementing a college wide initiative designed to promote student competence with essential learning outcomes. This mixed-methods study combined descriptive and qualitative approaches to explore experiences of students and faculty as they engaged in a project that focused on the integration of essential learning outcomes (ELOs), The researchers relied on the use of descriptive statistics and interpretive phenomenological analysis to explore the phenomena that emerged while the faculty participants in this study engaged in a collaborative study group designed to support instructional pedagogy with the integration of ELOs and students’ experienced competence. Six themes emerged from the focus on ELO integration, including connection, awareness, utility, reflection, intention and facilitation. Additionally, using a student survey of self-perceived ELO competence from the beginning to the end of the semester, researchers found a difference in student ratings of 0.25, (p ≤ 0.05), suggesting an increase in student ELO competence. The findings support the importance of the themes identified and propose a model for successful ELO integration.
The role of SoTL in the academy: Upon the 25th anniversary of Boyer’s Scholarship Reconsidered
Authors: Kern Beth , Mettetal Gwendolyn , Dixson Marcia , Morgan Robin K.
Published: June 2015

This essay works toward two goals: 1) to provide an explanation of how the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning may work within all four of Boyer’s “scholarships” of discovery, integration, application, and teaching and 2) to clarify the distinctions between quality teaching and scholarship of teaching and learning research. To do that, we posit four quadrants of teaching practices based on two continuum: public/private and systematic/unsystematic. The four quadrants: teaching practice, shared teaching, scholarly teaching and, finally, scholarship of teaching and learning, provide academics with a conceptual model to distinguish various approaches to the teaching process from research into that process.
Virulence determination of Beauveria bassiana isolates on a predatory hemipteran, Andrallus spinidens Fabricius (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Firouzbakht H. , Zibaee A. , Hoda H. , Sohani M. M.
Published: June 2015

Virulence of the two isolates of Beauveria bassiana, BB2 and AM-118, were evaluated on adults of a predatory hemipteran, Andrallus spinidens Fabricius by conidial bioassay and enzymatic activities. Results of the bioassay revealed LC50 of 37×104 and 15×103 spore/ml for isolates BB2 and AM-118, respectively. Activities of chitinase, lipase and ALP showed the higher activity in the media inoculated by AM-118 while no statistical differences were observed in activity of ACP. Although no statistical differences were found in general protease and Pr1 activities but activity of Pr2 in AM-118 was significantly higher than that of BB2. Activity of general esterases demonstrated no statistical differences when α- and β-naphtyl acetate were used as substrates but activity of glutathione S-transferase in AM-118 was higher than that of BB2 by using CDNB and DCNB as specific reagents. Results of the current study indicated higher virulence of isolate AM-118 against adults of A. spinidens by lower LC50 value and higher activities of the enzymes involved in pathogenicity. Recruiting of these isolates against C. suppressalis must be considered by their adaptability of A. spinidens. Moreover, AM-118 has been isolated from rice fields of northern Iran, so it may somehow indicate a type of host-microorganism interaction.
Influence of Melissa officinalis essential oil and its formulation on Typhlodromips swirskii and Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari: Phytoseiidae)
Authors: Abdel Kader M. M. , Momen F. M. , Sammour E. A. , Aly S. M. , Fahim S. F.
Published: June 2015

The toxicity of Melissa officinalis L. essential oil and its formulation (Melissacide) were evaluated against eggs and females of two predatory phytoseiid mites, Typhlodromips swirskii (Athias Henriot) and Neoseiulus barkeri (Hughes), using direct spray. Results indicate that both tested materials were potent on predatory females than egg stage. Typhlodromips swirskii was proved to be more sensitive to the oil and formulation than N. barkeri.

Females mortality were (62-100%) in T. swirskii, and (46-69%) in N. barkeri, when both predatory mites were sprayed with LC50 and LC90 of the oil and Melissacide reported on Tetranychus urticae Koch. Females of both predators were suffered from reduction in food consumption when sprayed with two sublethal concentrations of Melissacide, while insignificant differences reported in daily number of eggs deposited by females of T. swirskii, when sprayed with its LC25 value of Melissacide and control.
Variation of some morphological and molecular characteristics of Hungarian Crivellia and Brachycladium isolates from opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.)
Authors: Kiss E. , Palkovics L. , Szathmáry E. , Nagy G.
Published: June 2015

A destructive seed-borne pathogen, formerly described as Pleospora papaveracea affects opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L.) plants, grown in Hungary, causing considerable qualitative and quantitative losses. The symptoms of the disease were frequently observed in the field between 1999 and 2006. Seventeen Hungarian isolates were obtained from poppy and cultures were established on malt extract agar from naturally infected seeds, diseased foliage, pods and stem. The pathogens proved to be Crivellia papaveracea and a distinct taxon, Brachycladium papaveris based on morphological characterization of conidia, conidiophores and cultures, moreover molecular investigation of the ITS region. Significant morphological differences were observed among the isolates originating from distinct plant parts, however, cultural characteristics were similar. Molecular studies revealed that morphological and cultural differences or similarities do not correspond with taxonomic position of the isolates. Morphological variation of the isolates mainly depended on their origin and might be explained with the differences of microclimatic conditions.
New data to the mite fauna of Hungarian bamboo plantations
Authors: Kontschán J. , Ács A. , Wang G. Q. , Neményi A.
Published: June 2015

Five different bamboo plantations were investigated on the basis of the leaf litter inhabiting mites. 11 Mesostigmata and 10 Oribatida are listed from the leaf litters, of which three species, e.g. Vulgarogamasus kraepelini (Berlese, 1905), Nothrus parvus Sitnikova, 1975, Metabelba paravulverosa Moritz, 1966 are new to the Hungarian fauna.
Consonant lenition inside and outside the “minimal foot”
Authors: Balogné Bérces Katalin
Published: June 2015

English represents stress-sensitive consonant lenition systems, in which the onsets of stressed syllables (as well as word-initial consonants) tend to resist diachronic lenition, resulting in synchronic alternations between foot-initial and foot-internal variants. However, there is empirical evidence that a further distinction needs to be drawn between two subtypes of foot-internal positions: one which is weak proper, included within a bimoraic domain (corresponding to the “minimal foot” in prosodic approaches); and a less weak (“semi-weak”) position outside that minimal domain. Crucially, lenition outside the domain implies lenition within, and no cases of lenition in semi-weak only are on record. The paper uses the representations of Strict CV Phonology to capture the equivalence of two forms of the “minimal foot” (the CVCV sequence and the long-vowelled heavy syllable) and to connect this “bimoraicity” of the domain to the implications in consonant lenition, a benefit moraic theory does not offer. At the same time, it properly predicts the non-existence of the unattested lenition pattern.
Analogical extension of vowel length in Vend Romani
Authors: Bodnárová Zuzana , Wiedner Jakob
Published: June 2015

Distinctive vowel length has been only recently re-introduced into the Romani varieties that have been in intimate contact with the various languages of Europe exhibiting vowel quantity. This article describes the process of analogical extension that accounts for certain intra-dialectal variation of vowel length found within the South Central Romani dialect group. The emergence of vowel length by means of this process is demonstrated by the example of the possessive pronouns and the remoteness suffix of Vend Romani, a variety spoken in Western Hungary. This analysis also discusses the phonological and semantic constraints of the examined instances of analogical change.
Sustainable drainage systems: helping people live with water
Authors: Everett Glyn , Lamond Jessica , Morzillo Anita T. , Chan Faith Ka Shun , Matsler Annie Marissa
Published: June 2015

Sustainable drainage systems or ‘Suds’ are increasingly accepted as an effective means of ‘making space for water’, adapting to possible climate change and helping communities become more flood and drought resilient. This study explores potential shifts in perception and attitude through Suds installation, development and habituation. Attitudes and awareness in communities in the USA and UK, where Suds have been in place for some time, were compared and contrasted, examining any evolution of beliefs and practices and wider community resilience. The principal finding was that there existed a lack of understanding about the existence and function of Suds. The paper concludes that consultation regarding solutions during Suds planning and installation, and ongoing dialogue afterwards, could usefully be explored as a means to improve local awareness of and satisfaction with Suds and promote greater understanding of their function. This may in turn encourage behaviour change to improve longer-term functionality of Suds and increase community resilience to flooding and drought.
Les différentes facettes du concept de patrimoine : compatibilité avec des projets de développement durable (The different aspects of the concept of heritage and their compatibility with a sustainable development project)
Authors: Tissut M.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The watershed of a small natural lake (Aiguebelette) from Savoie (France) was chosen for this study.

This geographic system can be considered as a global heritage composed of different potentials : drinking water, production of electricity, tourism, sport, fauna, flora, environmental natural potential, landscape, human activities, culture.

The protection of each part of this global heritage requires actions that may seem contradictory and a sustainable development project has first to define its priorities.

They are two major threats for the future, which are 1) lake contamination due to an accident ; 2) rurbanisation due to the position of the lake in the outskirts of the town Chambery.

A protection program has to be elaborated which concerns agriculture maintenance in the watershed, urbanisation control, the organization of industrial and trade activities with the other parts of the Savoie department, lake and river protection and communication within the population.

The development of close relations with the adjoining natural park of Chartreuse may stimulate the elaboration of such a program.
Les pays bourguignons, permanence et évolutions (Countries of Burgundy, permanence and evolutions)
Authors: Mottet Gérard
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Inheriting from a long history, actual Burgundy built around four departements, Côte d'Or, Nièvre, Saône-et-Loire and Yonne, is greatly under the influence of a physical diversity. The different countries are indeed directed towards Saône and Rhône valleys, towards Loire valley, towards basin of Paris. But the strong identity of Burgundy and its high-quality products contribute to the whole unity.
Divisions internes dans un état fédéré d'Allemagne : survivances historiques et mutations récentes dans le Bade-Wurtemberg (Internal divisions in a federal estate of Germany : historical heritage and recent change in Baden-Württemberg)
Authors: Michna Rudolf
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - The tension which were apparent between Baden and Württemberg after the foundation of the new Land has disappareared. Various differencees in religion, political culture and mentality continue to be prélevant in the German South-West. Today Baden-Württemberg is aware of its "unity in the plurality".
Productions agricoles de qualité dans le Transcaucase : quel avenir pour l'agriculture post-collectiviste ? L'exemple de l'Arménie (Agricultural products of quality in Transcaucasus : which future for post-collectivist agriculture ? The case of Armenia)
Authors: Ardillier-Carras Françoise
Published: June 2015

Résumé. - Dans le système soviétique, les productions de qualité - agricoles ou non - n'étaient pas programmées par le Plan qui privilégiait, avant tout, les quantités. Or, les régions méridionales de l'URSS possédaient des spécificités agricoles rares et réputées sur le marché de l'Union. Mais on ne parlait pas pour autant de «patrimoine», on ne faisait pas référence explicite au «terroir».

Aujourd'hui, la redéfinition du terme de qualité est indissociable des orientations que doivent prendre les nouveaux Etats indépendants dans l'économie de marché. Après avoir abordé le contexte de la production agricole dans les trois RSS de Transcaucasie, seront évoquées, par l'exemple de l'Arménie, les problématiques nouvelles - en particulier la perception de la qualité - dont dépend l'avenir de l 'agriculture post-soviétique.
Constructions et paysages en pierre sèche en Méditerranée : pour une reconversion en souplesse (Drystone building and landscapes in the Mediterranean area : for a flexible reconversion)
Authors: Acovitsioti-Hameau Ada
Published: June 2015

Abstract. - Drystone walling in the mediterranean area is a mostly peasant technique, used for country planning. Examined here through three different case studies, it is found to be a still appreciated and viable technique but a neglected one because of the evolution of the societies that have developped it. Its transmission should be attempted in the name of its adaptability to certain types of soils and activities and of its contribution to the emergence of life styles tightly depended on landscapes. Lastly, its use for new needs is not to be proved.
La Russie, une puissance révisionniste ?
Authors: Loukianov Fiodor , Samkov Boris
Published: June 2015

Du raid sur Pristina (1999) à la mainmise sur la Crimée (2014), Moscou entend montrer qu’elle ne se résigne pas à être une puissance de second rang se ralliant à des règles définies par d’autres. Mais cette réaction témoigne moins d’un prurit expansionniste que de la difficulté de la Russie à se définir soi-même, à se constituer en nation. Le pays cherche en réalité aujourd’hui à s’isoler comme objet politique, et le révisionnisme de Moscou s’applique d’abord et avant tout à la Russie.
Climat : l’injustice faite au Sud
Authors: Narain Sunita , Deville-Fradin Valentine
Published: June 2015

Alors que le réchauffement climatique produit déjà des effets délétères, les négociations sur le climat ont jusqu’à présent largement échoué. Si tous les États doivent faire des efforts, les pays riches ont une obligation morale de montrer l’exemple : ils sont en grande partie responsables du stock de CO 2 présent dans l’atmosphère, et les pays du Sud ont aussi le droit de se développer. En d’autres termes, la notion d’équité doit être mise au cœur de la Conférence de Paris.
Israël-Hezbollah : la nouvelle équation stratégique
Authors: Samaan Jean-Loup
Published: June 2015

Après la guerre de l’été 2006 entre Israël et le Hezbollah, une logique de dissuasion s’est établie entre ces deux acteurs. Les crises sporadiques ont ainsi été contenues et n’ont pas évolué vers des affrontements de grande ampleur. L’engagement du Hezbollah dans la guerre civile syrienne change néanmoins la donne. Il paraît désormais impossible de séparer les théâtres libanais et syrien, et la tension monte sur le plateau du Golan. Un embrasement régional ne peut être exclu.
Boko Haram, une exception dans la mouvance djihadiste ?
Authors: Pérouse de Montclos Marc-Antoine
Published: June 2015

Boko Haram, créé vers 2002 et dirigé depuis 2010 par Abubakar Shekau, demeure un groupe mal connu. Tantôt qualifié de secte, de mouvement insurrectionnel, d’organisation terroriste ou djihadiste, il prospère dans un pays où pauvreté et corruption font des ravages. Les populations locales sont prises entre deux feux : d’un côté, Boko Haram brûle des villages et kidnappe des jeunes filles ; de l’autre, l’armée nigériane applique des méthodes brutales qui ne font qu’empirer la situation.
Le concept de risque pays
Authors: Gaillard Norbert
Published: June 2015

L’expression « risque pays » a émergé dans les années 1960 aux États-Unis. Son acception a évolué au fil du temps, sans qu’une définition ne s’impose véritablement. Parfois confondu avec le risque souverain, le risque pays est en réalité plus large : il englobe par exemple les risques sociaux ou climatiques. Différents acteurs – agences spécialisées, banques, etc. – cherchent à évaluer le risque pays, mais les résultats obtenus varient sensiblement selon la méthodologie employée.
Balance social de las empresas públicas y proceso de verificación externa. Proyecto de Ley Nacional en la República Argentina
Authors: Barbieri Alberto Edgardo , Blanco Isabel
Published: June 2015

Afin d’établir les bases pour appréhender l’externalisation de la responsabilité sociale des entreprises publiques argentines et des personnes morales avec participation de l’État, la présentation obligatoire d’un rapport social est demandée à ces organisations. Dans ce travail, les critères de sélection des indicateurs pour mesurer l’impact, les exigences pour produire la durabilité des actions institutionnelles et les procédures, sont définies pour faire une divulgation pertinente de l’activité de l’État et apporter ainsi une meilleure crédibilité à l’information.
Pour introduire le concept de vengeance en psychanalyse
Authors: Dupeu Jean-Marc
Published: June 2015

L’auteur propose de mettre en évidence dans l’œuvre freudienne un « pré-concept » souterrain (en partie « refoulé ») quoique récurent, de vengeance. Il en montre l’importance dans la théorie du rêve et celle des névroses, dans le Jeu de la bobine ainsi que dans certains œuvres anthropologiques. Il fait l’hypothèse que la discrétion de son statut (malgré sa récurrence) tient au renoncement par Freud à sa théorie de la séduction qui, en affirmant le primat du fantasme, tend à faire passer au second plan l’importance de l’autre dans la constitution du psychisme. Il propose de voir dans la revanche agie une sublimation du fantasme de vengeance.
De la faille à la source
Authors: Dufour Jacques
Published: June 2015

Dans ce texte, l’auteur propose d’entendre le besoin de consolation comme un contenu manifeste où le travail analytique différenciera deux courants pulsionnels à partir d’une faille psychique de douleur. Le premier courant, nostalgie des objets primaires qui ont failli comme objet de désir, voit la faille devenir source d’un travail interprétatif de ce qui a manqué ; le second courant, sous l’emprise d’une compulsion liée à une blessure narcissique due à un défaut primordial de l’objet, voit la faille rester faille béante inconsolable, et exige de l’analyste un travail de transformation de ce qui n’a pas été en ce qui va se construire au sein du transfert-contre-transfert.
L’ombre de la bonne parole
Authors: Chauvet Évelyne
Published: June 2015

Mise en perspective de la consolation de la perte par la méthode stoïcienne (Sénèque) et par la méthode freudienne. Réflexions sur la demande de consolation dans la cure, une revendication légitime des patients en souffrance, qui est activée par la régression inhérente à la situation, mais n’en est pas moins un piège du moi conscient tendu à l’analyste et une résistance à l’élaboration des conflits pulsionnels.
Des chansons de l’enfance à l’écoute analytique
Authors: Ferveur Christophe
Published: June 2015

« Absolument pas musicien ». Ainsi se présentait Freud. Pourtant, la cure de parole place au cœur de son processus le langage et toute la matière musicale dont il est tissé, tantôt apaisante et consolante, tantôt dynamique et conflictuelle. Développant une métapsychologie du langage, Freud n’en a pas moins laissé des pistes pour entendre autrement , et réfléchir à une métapsychologie de l’écoute. En lien avec les évocations de Freud concernant le sonore originaire, infantile ou culturel que peuvent nous enseigner les chansons de l’enfance pour l’écoute analytique ?