bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Chemical Mechanism for the Bistable‐to‐Oscillatory Transition in Colloidal Aggregates of Silver Phosphate
Authors: Sánchez‐Farrán María Antonieta , Borhan Ali , Sen Ayusman , Crespi Vincent H.
Published: June 2024

We previously reported collective behavior in colloidal aggregates of silver phosphate in H2O2 and under UV light. Diffusiophoretic interactions between aggregates lead to non‐linear behavior such as oscillations and synchronization, in which oscillation frequencies increase with H2O2 concentration. The aggregates transition between schooling and dispersed behaviors with incipient spatiotemporal correlations. We identified a kinetic model that maps the chemical species that are thought to underlie non‐linear phenomena in the colloidal aggregates, i. e. adsorbed oxygen species *OOH− and *O. We investigate the emergent dynamics for the simplest case, the coupling of two otherwise bistable clusters. Two coupling schemes are proposed and we find that – depending on whether the coupling is excitatory or inhibitory – the clusters may oscillate with zero or π phase shift.
Post‐finasteride syndrome: real or myth?
Authors: Carson Culley C
Published: June 2024

Men who report persistent sexual, neurological, and psychological side‐effects after discontinuing finasteride are said to have post‐finasteride syndrome. It is uncommon, but difficult for men suffering its effects. Although controversial, with no proven treatments, the syndrome should not be ignored.
The comparative advantage of urban goat production
Authors: Desta Takele Taye
Published: June 2024

Background

Urban agriculture significantly contributes to food security. The two primary components of urban agriculture are livestock production and horticulture. The goat, Capra hircus, is one of the commonly raised food animals. Goats can be used to generate income, produce milk, meat, skins, furs (hairs) and manure and provide various sociocultural and ecological services.

Objectives

This study evaluates the significance of urban goat production and recommends ways to lessen the adverse impacts of urban goat production.

Methods

This report involved an in‐depth interview with seven key informants in Adama and Addis Ababa cities.

Results

Goats can thrive in limited urban open spaces, scavenge leftovers from homes and open markets and browse on open public land. Goats can be incorporated into urban agriculture, in so doing contributing to a circular economy. Goats can thrive on a limited supply of water and feed and require less care and space. Goat farming is used to mitigate the adverse impact of climate change. Goats are naturally active, which makes them better at avoiding traffic accidents. Goats can be used to control bush encroachment. Goat farming in cities improves land use efficiency and food security. Being friendly animals, goats can be utilized to play with kids, and they can be a basic piece of metropolitan ecotourism. However, goats can harm urban green spaces; therefore, to avoid issues of this kind, goat production must be zoned.

Conclusions

Urban goat farming could add a new dimension to urban food security. Extensive pieces of empirical evidence need to be generated to enhance the adoption of urban goat farming.
Entscheidend ist, was rauskommt
Authors: Nödler Karsten
Published: June 2024

Identifikation und Bewertung gewässerrelevanter Abbauprodukte von Pharmawirkstoffen sowie eine zielgerichtete Kommunikation dieser Inhalte an Überwachungsbehörden und assoziierte Labore sollten selbstverständlich zum absoluten Mindeststandard der Herstellerverantwortung gehören. Dazu gehört auch die Bereitstellung von MS2‐Spektren sowie isotopenmarkierten internen Standards. Bislang ist hier zu viel Detektivarbeit engagierter Fachleute aus der Umwelt‐ und Wasserchemie nötig.
Intuitionistic sets and numbers: small set theory and Heyting arithmetic
Authors: Shapiro Stewart , McCarty Charles , Rathjen Michael
Published: June 2024

It has long been known that (classical) Peano arithmetic is, in some strong sense, “equivalent” to the variant of (classical) Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory (including choice) in which the axiom of infinity is replaced by its negation. The intended model of the latter is the set of hereditarily finite sets. The connection between the theories is so tight that they may be taken as notational variants of each other. Our purpose here is to develop and establish a constructive version of this. We present an intuitionistic theory of the hereditarily finite sets, and show that it is definitionally equivalent to Heyting Arithmetic , in a sense to be made precise. Our main target theory, the intuitionistic small set theory is remarkably simple, and intuitive. It has just one non-logical primitive, for membership, and three straightforward axioms plus one axiom scheme. We locate our theory within intuitionistic mathematics generally.
Preclinical targeting of liver fibrosis with a 89Zr-labeled Fibrobody® directed against platelet derived growth factor receptor-β
Authors: Muns Joey A. , Schooten Erik , van Dasselaar Rychon D. J. , Noordman Yvet E. , Adamzek Kevin , Eibergen Arthur C. , Pronk Sebas D. , Cali Sagel , Sijbrandi Niels J. , Merkul Eugen , Oliveira Sabrina , van Bergen en Henegouwen Paul M.P. , Takkenberg R. Bart , Verheij Joanne , van de Graaf Stan F.J. , Nijmeijer Bart A. , van Dongen Guus A.M.S.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Hepatic fibrosis develops as a response to chronic liver injury, resulting in the formation of fibrous scars. This process is initiated and driven by collagen-producing activated myofibroblasts which reportedly express high levels of platelet derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ). We therefore regard PDGFRβ as an anchor for diagnosis and therapy. The Fibrobody® SP02SP26-ABD is a biparatopic VHH-construct targeting PDGFRβ. Here, we explore its potential as a theranostic vector for liver fibrosis.

Methods

Specificity, cross-species binding, and cellular uptake of SP02SP26-ABD was assessed using human, mouse and rat PDGFRβ ectodomains and PDGFRβ-expressing cells. Cellular uptake by PDGFRβ-expressing cells was also evaluated by equipping the Fibrobody® with auristatinF and reading out in vitro cytotoxicity. The validity of PDGFRβ as a marker for active fibrosis was confirmed in human liver samples and 3 mouse models of liver fibrosis (DDC, CCl4, CDA-HFD) through immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. After radiolabeling of DFO*-SP02SP26-ABD with 89Zr, its in vivo targeting ability was assessed in healthy mice and mice with liver fibrosis by PET-CT imaging, ex vivo biodistribution and autoradiography.

Results

SP02SP26-ABD shows similar nanomolar affinity for human, mouse and rat PDGFRβ. Cellular uptake and hence subnanomolar cytotoxic potency of auristatinF-conjugated SP02SP26-ABD was observed in PDGFRβ-expressing cell lines. Immunohistochemistry of mouse and human fibrotic livers confirmed co-localization of PDGFRβ with markers of active fibrosis. In all three liver fibrosis models, PET-CT imaging and biodistribution analysis of [89Zr]Zr-SP02SP26-ABD revealed increased PDGFRβ-specific uptake in fibrotic livers. In the DDC model, liver uptake was 12.15 ± 0.45, 15.07 ± 0.90, 20.23 ± 1.34, and 20.93 ± 4.35%ID/g after 1,2,3 and 4 weeks of fibrogenesis, respectively, compared to 7.56 ± 0.85%ID/g in healthy mice. Autoradiography revealed preferential uptake in the fibrotic (PDGFRβ-expressing) periportal areas.

Conclusion

The anti-PDGFRβ Fibrobody® SP02SP26-ABD shows selective and high-degree targeting of activated myofibroblasts in liver fibrosis, and qualifies as a vector for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Improved efficacy and safety of zanubrutinib versus ibrutinib in patients with relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (R/R CLL) in China: a subgroup of ALPINE
Authors: Zhou Keshu , Wang Tingyu , Pan Ling , Xu Wei , Jin Jie , Zhang Wei , Hu Yu , Hu Jianda , Feng Ru , Li Ping , Liu Zhougang , Liu Peng , Jing Hongmei , Gao Sujun , Zhang Huilai , Yu Kang , Wang Zhao , Zhu Xiongpeng , Sun Zimin , Li Fei , Yan Dongmei , Weng Jianyu , Fu Lina , Wang Liping , Salmi Tommi , Wu Kenneth , Qiu Lugui
Published: June 2024

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) has different epidemiology in Chinese vs. Western patients, but there are few studies of CLL/SLL in large populations of Chinese patients. ALPINE is a global phase 3 trial investigating Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors zanubrutinib vs. ibrutinib to treat relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL/SLL. Here we report results from the subgroup of Chinese patients. Adults with R/R CLL/SLL were randomized 1:1 to receive zanubrutinib (160 mg twice-daily) or ibrutinib (420 mg once-daily) until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Endpoints included overall response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and safety. Data were analyzed descriptively. Ninety patients were randomized in China (zanubrutinib, n = 47; ibrutinib, n = 43). Baseline characteristics were balanced between groups, with fewer male patients in the zanubrutinib vs. ibrutinib group (55.3% vs. 69.8%). Median age was 60.5 years, 11% had del(17p) mutation, and 32% had tumor protein 53 (TP53) mutation. With median 25.3 months follow-up, ORR was 80.9% with zanubrutinib vs. 72.1% with ibrutinib. PFS was improved with zanubrutinib vs. ibrutinib (HR = 0.34 [95% CI, 0.15, 0.77]), and the HR for OS was 0.45 (95% CI, 0.14, 1.50). Rates of Grade ≥ 3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs; 64.4% vs. 72.1%), AEs leading to discontinuation (6.4% vs. 14.0%), and serious TEAEs (35.6% vs. 51.2%) were lower with zanubrutinib vs. ibrutinib. Zanubrutinib demonstrated improved ORR, PFS, and OS vs. ibrutinib and a more favorable safety profile in patients with R/R CLL/SLL in China. These results are consistent with the full global population of ALPINE. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03734016, registered November 7, 2018.
Silvopastoral transitions in Latin America: toward diverse perennial systems
Authors: Picasso V. , Pizarro D.
Published: June 2024

Agroecosystems with greater diversity and perenniality have been proposed to promote resilience to climate change, stability of production, multiple ecosystem services, and socioeconomic outcomes. A wide diversity of silvopastoral systems have been promoted in Latin America for their production and environmental outcomes. In this brief perspective article, we discuss the implications of different trajectories towards silvopastoral systems within the framework of ecological intensification. Transitioning from agricultural systems dominated by annual crops towards complex silvopastoral systems integrating multiple perennial species and livestock constitutes a clear trajectory of ecological intensification. In the context of the tropical dry forests and Amazon rainforests, re-introducing native trees into degraded sown pastures to establish silvopastoral systems increases biodiversity, perenniality, and ecosystem services. In contrast, in the context of native grasslands, plantations of exotic trees for timber or silvopastoral systems reduce biodiversity and ecosystem services. Therefore, transitioning to silvopastoral systems is not always a trajectory of ecological intensification but depends on the contexts and native ecosystems.
The Impact of Export Concentration on the Ecological Footprint in the European Union
Authors: van den Wall Bake Kiri , Can Muhlis , Brusselaers Jan
Published: June 2024

This study aims to evaluate the impact of export product concentration on the ecological footprint in the European Union between 1995 and 2018, using the environmental Kuznets curve framework. We utilized the pooled mean group/autoregressive distributed lag approach, which confirmed the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis within the European Union. In addition, our findings reveal that export concentration has a negative impact on the ecological footprint, whereas energy consumption increases the ecological footprint. To further validate the obtained results, we conducted robustness checks using the fully modified ordinary least squares and dynamic ordinary least squares approaches, which validated the previous outcomes of the pooled mean group/autoregressive distributed lag approach. In the last step of our study, we employed the Dumitrescu–Hurlin causality analysis, which revealed a bidirectional causality involving the ecological footprint and energy consumption. These empirical findings directly result in valuable recommendations for policymakers.
Multi-technique characterization and thermal degradation study of epoxy modified resins designed for multifunctional applications
Authors: Ciprioti S. Vecchio , Raimondo M. , Vertuccio L. , Calabrese E. , Aliberti F. , Guadagno L.
Published: June 2024

Tetraglycidyl methylene dianiline (TGMDA) was mixed with 1,4-Butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDE) (in a 4:1 mass ratio) and with a stoichiometric amount of the curing agent diaminodiphenyl sulfone which was solubilized at 120 °C for 20 min in the liquid mixture TGMDA + BDE. The so obtained unfilled epoxy resin matrix, denoted as ER, was blended with glycidyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane and carbon nanotubes in suitable proportions to obtain binary and ternary mixtures. Characterization of the formulated materials was performed using different experimental techniques, such as Dynamic mechanical analysis, Thermogravimetry (TG), Field emission scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the investigation of the flame behavior was carried out by the limiting oxygen index and mass loss calorimeter measurements. Direct current measurements and investigation by Tunneling atomic force microscopy of the conductive nanodomain map allowed the evaluation of the electrical properties of the developed nanofilled systems. The TG data related to thermal decomposition of ER and its binary and ternary mixtures were processed according to isoconversional kinetic analysis by assuming a non-Arrhenian behavior of the temperature function, and lifetime prediction was estimated at suitable relatively low temperatures and possible relation between the thermal stability and the presence of each component was discussed. This method of kinetic analysis paves the way for the possibility of evaluating in a more realistic way, on the basis of thermal stability, the potential application of structural resins with primary load functions in contact with hot areas of aeronautical aircraft engines.
Towards efficient waste management: identification of waste flow chains in micro-regional detail through monitored data
Authors: Němcová Lucie , Pluskal Jaroslav , Šomplák Radovan , Kůdela Jakub
Published: June 2024

Countries around the world are gradually implementing the transition to a circular economy in waste management. This effort should be initiated already at the waste producers. It is necessary to plan and monitor waste management in as much detail as possible, i.e. at the level of micro-regions. At present, only indicators at the national level are analysed, as more detailed data at the micro-regional level are often not available or are burdened with significant errors and inconsistencies. The calculation of waste management indicators for micro-regions will allow to identify the potential for increasing material or energy recovery and to plan the necessary infrastructure directly to these locations instead of blanket and often ineffective legislative actions. This paper presents an approach for determining the producer-treatment linkage, i.e., provides information about each produced waste, where it was treated, and in what way. Such information is often not available based on historical waste management data as there are repeated waste transfers and often aggregated within a micro-region. The network flow approach is based on an iterative procedure combining a simulation with multi-criteria optimization. The chosen criteria replicate expert estimates in investigated issue such as minimum flow splitting, and minimum transfer micro-regions. A data reconciliation is performed where the deviation from all simulations is minimized, given that the capacity constraints of nodes and arcs resulting from the database must be satisfied. The approach is tested on a generated sample task to evaluate the precision and time complexity of the developed tool. Finally, the presented approach is applied to address a case study in the Czech Republic, within which it is possible to identify treatment location and methods for waste from individual regions.
Factors associated with self-rated health in people with late-stage parkinson’s and cognitive impairment
Authors: Pigott Jennifer S. , Armstrong Megan , Davies Nathan , Davis Daniel , Bloem Bastiaan R. , Lorenzl Stefan , Meissner Wassilios G. , Odin Per , Ferreira Joaquim J. , Dodel Richard , Schrag Anette
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To investigate the contributors to self-rated health in people with late-stage Parkinson’s disease (PD) and cognitive impairment.

Methods

A secondary analysis of baseline data from the international Care of Late-Stage Parkinsonism (CLaSP) cohort study was conducted. Participants with PD and either dementia or mild cognitive impairment or MMSE < 24/30 in the absence of major depression were included if they had completed the EQ-5D-3L assessment (n = 277). Factors associated with self-rated health (EQ-5D-3L Index and Visual Analogue Scale) were investigated through multivariable linear regression.

Results

More severe PD (motor and non-motor) was associated with worse self-rated health. The EQ-5D-3L dimensions of Mobility, Self-Care and Usual Activities were almost universally affected; the latter two particularly severely. Being unable to perform usual activities or having moderate to extreme anxiety or depression were significantly associated with EQ-5D-3L Visual Analogue Scale, suggesting these are particularly valued. Worse motor impairment and function and the non-motor symptom domains of mood, perception, sexual function, and miscellaneous (e.g., pain) were associated with worse self-rated health, whereas greater burden of gastrointestinal symptoms was associated with better self-rated health in multivariate analysis. Better self-rated health was associated with recent PD nurse consultation, and higher doses of dopaminergic medication.

Conclusion

Improvement of activities of daily living, mood and anxiety should be prioritised in clinical practice, with consideration of perception and sexual function in this population. Recent nurse consultations and higher antiparkinsonian doses are associated with better self-rated health, suggesting there is no room for a therapeutic nihilism in this population of people within a complex phase of PD.
Residues of veterinary antibiotics in solid natural and organic fertilizers—method development and sample analysis
Authors: Patyra Ewelina , Osiński Zbigniew , Kwiatek Krzysztof
Published: June 2024

Livestock excrement is used around the world as natural fertilizers or, after processing, as organic fertilizers for crops and grasslands. But due to the presence of veterinary antibiotics in them, they may pose a threat not only to the natural environment, mainly to soil microorganisms, but also to human and animal health. This article describes a method for detecting 21 antibacterial substances in solid natural and organic fertilizers. Antibiotics from fertilizers were extracted with a mixture of acetonitrile and McIlvain-Na2EDTA buffer, twice. The extracts were purified by solid phase extraction technique on Strata-X cartridges and analyzed with the use UHPLC-MS/MS technique. The method was validated in accordance with EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2021/808; the obtained recovery ranged from 93.6 to 116.6% (depending on the analytes), and the linearity ranged from 50 to 1000 µg/kg. The developed method was used to analyze 73 samples of solid natural and organic fertilizers. Our research has shown that over 38% of natural fertilizers were contaminated with antibiotics, mainly doxycycline in concentrations reaching several dozen milligrams per kilogram of fertilizers. In the case of processed organic fertilizers, the presence of antibiotics was found in over 37% of the analyzed samples. The research results showed that the developed and validated analytical method may be useful for assessing the presence and content of antibacterial substances in solid natural and organic fertilizers.
Home-based monitoring of cerebral oxygenation in response to postural changes using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Klop Marjolein , Claassen Jurgen A. H. R. , Floor-Westerdijk Marianne J. , van Wezel Richard J. A. , Maier Andrea B. , Meskers Carel G. M.
Published: June 2024

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is prevalent in older adults and can cause falls and hospitalization. Diagnostic intermittent blood pressure (BP) measurements are only a proxy for cerebral perfusion and do not reflect daily-life BP fluctuations. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)-measured cerebral oxygenation potentially overcomes these drawbacks. This study aimed to determine feasibility, face validity, and reliability of NIRS in the home environment. Ten participants with OH (2 female, mean age 77, SD 3.7) and 11 without OH (5 female, mean age 78, SD 6.7) wore a NIRS sensor at home on two different days for 10–11 h per day. Preceded by a laboratory-situated test, cerebral oxygenation was measured during three standardized supine-stand tests per day and during unsupervised daily life activities. Data availability, quality, and user experience were assessed (feasibility), as well as differences in posture-related oxygenation responses between participants with and without OH and between symptomatic (dizziness, light-headedness, blurred vision) and asymptomatic postural changes (face validity). Reliability was assessed through repetitive supine-stand tests. Up to 80% of the standardized home-based supine-stand tests could be analyzed. Oxygenation recovery values were lower for participants with OH (p = 0 .03–0.15); in those with OH, oxygenation showed a deeper maximum drop for symptomatic than asymptomatic postural changes (p = 0.04). Intra-class correlation coefficients varied from 0.07 to 0.40, with no consistent differences over measurements. This proof-of-concept study shows feasibility and face validity of at-home oxygenation monitoring using NIRS, confirming its potential value for diagnosis and monitoring in OH and OH-related symptoms. Further data are needed for conclusions about reliability.
Methodology for social life cycle impact assessment enhanced with gender aspects applied to electric vehicle Li-ion batteries
Authors: Sánchez Anna , Benveniste Gabriela , Ferreira Víctor José , Bulfaro Isabella , Igualada Lucia , Corchero Cristina
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The objective of this study is to assess the potential social risks and benefits of EV Li-ion batteries by combining the S-LCA framework with gender aspects throughout all the life cycle phases of the battery.

Methods

The social life cycle assessment (S-LCA) methodology has been applied to determine social concerns about a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery pack design for electric vehicles (EVs) from cradle to grave. A questionnaire based on UNEP S-LCA guidelines and literature case studies of S-LCA on batteries and the energy industry has been prepared for each of the stakeholder categories and distributed among experts in the Li-ion battery sector (more than 21 industrial and academic experts representing the whole battery value chain). Furthermore, the social assessment also includes updated gender aspects to provide wider and more comprehensive social impacts to ensure a gender-neutral approach.

Results and discussion

The Li-ion battery presents a positive social impact in all the stakeholder categories evaluated, where the worker category has the best social performance driven by the highest score (scores range from 0 to 1, where 0 is the worst social performance and 1 is the best) in 13 indicators out of 23. Furthermore, local community, consumers, and society categories have a good social performance attributed to the absence of involuntary resettlement of individuals, the possibility of the product being reused for other purposes and technology accessible and affordable to developing countries, among others. Four out of seven indicators to evaluate the gender aspects and impacts have the highest score, demonstrating a commitment to fostering an inclusive and equitable work environment. The end-of-life phase presents a positive social performance with a score of 0.77 out of 1 attributed to the presence of infrastructure to dispose of product components other than landfill and incineration responsibly, the possibility of the product to be reused for other purposes and clear information provided to consumers on end-of-life options, among others.

Conclusions

The study presents generally good social impact and gender neutrality on the battery pack design. It gives an insight into the actual status of Li-ion battery social and gender impacts, and the results can be useful to policymakers to design and implement strategies for the welfare of various stakeholders.
Rising Tides of Knowledge: Exploring China’s Higher Education Landscape and Human Capital Growth
Authors: Xiao Shumei , Sheng Jun , Zhang Guangtao
Published: June 2024

This study examines the status of human capital in China’s higher education system by analyzing the quantity of higher education institutions as a metric. The results show a general enhancement in human capital in all regions, along with an optimized structure. This is demonstrated by a decline in the primary education demographic, a consistent growth in secondary education, and a rapid surge in the higher education demographic. The percentage of junior college students has remained steady, whereas the ratios of undergraduate and graduate students have been consistently increasing. The Malmquist index method is used to analyze changes in total factor productivity (TFP) among provinces and regions by breaking it down into technical level and efficiency changes. From 2005 to 2010, there was a general increase in total factor productivity (TFP) and technical proficiency, although technical efficiency showed only slight enhancement. TFP and technical level growth decelerated from 2011 to 2020, while technical efficiency stayed above 1. These findings indicate that China’s total factor productivity (TFP) growth is mainly driven by technological advancements, with minimal improvements in technical efficiency.
A four-season exploration of surface water quality and trophic status in the highly dynamic waters of Karun-4 Dam Lake, SW Iran
Authors: Cheraghpour-Ahmadmahmoodi Nader , Saadat Mohsen , Zamani-Ahmadmahmoodi Rasool , Avokh Avid
Published: June 2024

This study explores seasonal fluctuations in water quality and phytoplankton communities within Karun-4 Dam Lake, the largest double-arch dam in the Middle East situated in Iran. Employing a systematic approach, 26 sampling stations were strategically selected to collect surface water samples at a depth of 50 cm during the midpoints of each season throughout 2019. Significant seasonal variations in water quality parameters and phytoplankton composition were observed. Predominant species included Chrysophyceae (38%) and Bacillariophyceae (32%), indicative of nutrient-rich conditions, particularly during spring and summer, as evidenced by the eutrophic state (Carlson Trophic State Index: 59.43 and 53.96, respectively). Summer exhibited the highest diversity (Shannon–Wiener Index = 2.27) and lowest evenness (Pielou’s Evenness Index = 0.21). PCA and CCA analyses revealed season-specific preferences for nutrients and ions among phytoplankton species. Water temperature emerged as a crucial factor in spring and summer, while environments with elevated bicarbonate and alkalinity levels were less favorable during winter and fall. This study provides essential insights into Karun-4 Lake's dynamic ecological conditions, underscoring the necessity for ongoing monitoring to discern long-term trends and anthropogenic impacts for effective ecosystem management.
Water Quality Assessment with Artificial Neural Network Models: Performance Comparison Between SMN, MLP and PS-ANN Methodologies
Authors: Isık Hakan , Akkan Tamer
Published: June 2024

Identifying and measuring potential sources of pollution is essential for water management and pollution control. Using a range of artificial intelligence models to analyze water quality (WQ) is one of the most effective techniques for estimating water quality index (WQI). In this context, machine learning–based models are introduced to predict the WQ factors of Southeastern Black Sea Basin. The data comprising monthly samples of different WQ factors were collected for 12 months at eight locations of the Türkiye region in Southeastern Black Sea. The traditional evaluation with WQI of surface water was calculated as average (i.e. good WQ). Single multiplicative neuron (SMN) model, multilayer perceptron (MLP) and pi-sigma artificial neural networks (PS-ANNs) were used to predict WQI, and the accuracy of the proposed algorithms were compared. SMN model and PS-ANNs were used for WQ prediction modeling for the first time in the literature. According to the results obtained from the proposed ANN models, it was found to provide a highly reliable modeling approach that allows capturing the nonlinear structure of complex time series and thus to generate more accurate predictions. The results of the analyses demonstrate the applicability of the proposed pi-sigma model instead of using other computational methods to predict WQ both in particular and other surface water resources in general.
Refining the integral Jensen inequality for finite signed measures using majorization
Authors: Horváth László
Published: June 2024

Among inequalities that use the concept of convexity, Jensen-type inequalities and majorization-type inequalities are significant and fundamental. An important and widely researched area in the study of Jensen-type inequalities is the refinement of such inequalities. In this paper, we provide a general method for refining the integral Jensen inequality for finite signed measures using integral majorization inequalities. Under the conditions considered in the paper, the results are unique, and even for measures, they give a new approach. We also provide interesting specific refinements, some of which relate to Jensen–Steffensen’s inequality. A new and extended version of this inequality is also obtained in the paper.
Multi-Segment Foot Kinematics during Gait in Adults with Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Flatfoot
Authors: Tsai Wei-Chi , Chen Zong-Rong , Hsu Jui-Tse , Song Chen-Yi
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To investigate the differences in foot kinematics during gait between adults with asymptomatic and symptomatic flatfoot.

Methods

The study included 10 participants (six males and four females, aged 25.7 ± 6.5 years) with symptomatic flatfoot and 10 participants (eight males and two females, aged 21.2 ± 1.0 years) with asymptomatic flatfoot. Multi-segment foot kinematics were captured during barefoot gait analysis using a 3D software. Angles were calculated for the calcaneus with respect to the shank (Sha-Cal), the midfoot with respect to the calcaneus (Cal-Mid), and the metatarsus with respect to the midfoot (Mid-Met) during the stance phase.

Results

Some differences were noted between medium-to-large effect sizes. The symptomatic group had a decreased Mid-Met dorsiflexion angle at the initial contact to 50% of the stance phase compared with the asymptomatic group. The symptomatic group also showed decreased Mid-Met abduction at initial contact, larger Sha-Cal eversion angles at 10% of the stance phase, and larger Cal-Mid eversion angles at 50% and 70% of the stance phase compared to the asymptomatic group. The symptomatic group also had a larger peak Sha-Cal eversion angle than the asymptomatic group.

Conclusion

Adults with symptomatic flatfoot exhibit significant differences in foot kinematics towards decreased forefoot dorsiflexion at initial contact to mid-stance, decreased forefoot abduction at initial contact, and increased rearfoot eversion during the stance phase compared with those with asymptomatic flatfoot during gait. Pain may impair intersegmental motion.
The Care of the Self and the Meaningful Four-Day Workweek
Authors: Pedersen Michael , Muhr Sara Louise , Dunne Stephen
Published: June 2024

Those who find their work meaningful often need to be more committed. Over-commitment, in turn, frequently results in stress, personal conflicts, and burnout. Such over-commitment, in other words, leads to employees needing to take more care of themselves. This paper considers the prospects for meaningful self-care in the context of working time reduction. For this, we consider the case of the four-day workweek, asking employees of such organizations to explain how they make meaning out of their newly found time off. Conceptually, we rely upon the work of Michel Foucault, particularly his analysis of the care of the self. On its basis, we coded five self-care practices: (1) rest and recuperation, (2) professional and personal development, (3) domestic work, (4) balancing work, and (5) additional work. We conclude by highlighting the theoretical and practical implications of work reduction for the analytical, ethical, and practical pursuit of meaningful work.
Effect of high laser scanning speed on microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured 316L
Authors: Berghaus Michael , Florian Steffen , Solanki Keyur , Zinn Carolin , Wang Hongcai , Butz Benjamin , Apmann Hilmar , von Hehl Axel
Published: June 2024

Due to its ease of processing, the stainless steel 316L is a widely used material for the laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) process. Compared to other additive manufacturing technologies PBF-LB/M has a lot of advantages such as design freedom and high resolution of details. However, PBF-LB/M also has some disadvantages, such as a reduced build-up rate. In general, 316L provides a wide range of parameter settings used for PBF-LB/M. In this study, the manufacturing limits were approached allowing a maximum build-up rate along with a high relative density > 99% without compromising the required mechanical properties. Microstructure analyses as well as tensile tests were performed to validate this approach. This article also provides insights on defects and relative density for scanning speed above 3000 mm/s. Furthermore, it was shown that the scanning speed has a major influence on the grain size and on the texture of the specimens. For the first time, the relative density, microstructure and mechanical properties of additively manufactured 316L were determined in relation to each other for high scanning speed. A set of parameters has been found that works best with a laser power of 285 W and a scanning speed of 1250 mm/s which results in a specimen relative density of 99.2%, a yield strength of 425 MPa, a tensile strength of 586 MPa and a build-up rate of 4.64 mm3/s. The findings can be further used to enhance the mechanical properties of PBF-LB/M 316L in terms of high build-up rates.
Context discovery for anomaly detection
Authors: Calikus Ece , Nowaczyk Slawomir , Dikmen Onur
Published: June 2024

Contextual anomaly detection aims to identify objects that are anomalous only within specific contexts, while appearing normal otherwise. However, most existing methods are limited to a single context defined by user-specified features. In practice, identifying the right context is not trivial, even for domain experts. Moreover, for high-dimensional data, the notion of meaningful contexts that can unveil anomalies becomes substantially more complex. For instance, multiple useful contexts can often capture different phenomena. In this work, we introduce Con
Quest, a new unsupervised contextual anomaly detection approach that automatically discovers and incorporates multiple contexts useful for detecting and interpreting anomalies. Through experiments on 25 datasets, we show that Con
Quest outperforms various state-of-the-art methods. We also demonstrate its benefits in terms of increased direct interpretability.
Sub-ppm of toxic gases detection on Ag-doped WO3 nanosensor
Authors: Al-Sarraj Ahmad , Al Soubaihi Rola , Saoud Khaled M. , Ayesh Ahmad I. , Bermak Amine
Published: June 2024

Recent investigations reveal an increasing interest in detecting toxic substances that, if present in the environment at low concentrations, can cause serious health conditions. Moreover, some of these toxic substances can be found as gases in human breath due to disease. Nanomaterial-based sensors have emerged as a crucial area of research for this purpose. This study focuses on silver-doped tungsten oxide nanoparticles (Ag/WO3) as nanosensors capable of detecting trace amounts of toxic gases at room temperature. These gases include Hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as well as other toxic gases like acetone, Ammonia (NH3), Ethanol (C2H5OH), and Acetone ((CH3)2CO). The gas-sensing behavior of Ag/WO3 nanosensors was investigated at extremely low concentrations of these gases. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were employed to analyze the material's structure and chemical state. The sensor exhibited sensitivity to gas concentrations as low as 0.25 ppm, with a robust response of up to 80%. Notably, it showed the highest selectivity toward H2S gas compared to ethanol, ammonia, and acetone. The sensor's performance was also evaluated under varying temperatures and humid conditions, demonstrating reliable responses at room temperature. Heron, the synthesis of Ag/WO3 sensors with excellent sensitivity at extremely low gas concentrations is reported, making this sensor a promising tool for detecting toxic gases that threaten human health. Furthermore, the potential implications of this research on human health are significant, as detecting low concentrations of these gases can be a potential tool for the diagnostic process as well as health and environmental monitoring.
Natural antibiotics against antimicrobial resistance: sources and bioinspired delivery systems
Authors: Guedes Beatriz N. , Krambeck Karolline , Durazzo Alessandra , Lucarini Massimo , Santini Antonello , Oliveira M. Beatriz P. P. , Fathi Faezeh , Souto Eliana B.
Published: June 2024

The current burden associated to multidrug resistance, and the emerging superbugs, result in a decreased and even loss of antibiotic efficacy, which poses significant challenges in the treatment of infectious diseases. This situation has created a high demand for the discovery of novel antibiotics that are both effective and safe. However, while antibiotics play a crucial role in preventing and treating diseases, they are also associated with adverse effects. The emergence of multidrug-resistant and the extensive appearance of drug-resistant microorganisms, has become one of the major hurdles in healthcare. Addressing this problem will require the development of at least 20 new antibiotics by 2060. However, the process of designing new antibiotics is time-consuming. To overcome the spread of drug-resistant microbes and infections, constant evaluation of innovative methods and new molecules is essential. Research is actively exploring alternative strategies, such as combination therapies, new drug delivery systems, and the repurposing of existing drugs. In addition, advancements in genomic and proteomic technologies are aiding in the identification of potential new drug targets and the discovery of new antibiotic compounds. In this review, we explore new sources of natural antibiotics from plants, algae other sources, and propose innovative bioinspired delivery systems for their use as an approach to promoting responsible antibiotic use and mitigate the spread of drug-resistant microbes and infections.
Systematic micro-breaks affect concentration during cognitive comparison tasks: quantitative and qualitative measurements
Authors: Dianita Orchida , Kitayama Kakeru , Ueda Kimi , Ishii Hirotake , Shimoda Hiroshi , Obayashi Fumiaki
Published: June 2024

An approach to improve workers’ productivity performance without neglecting their well-being should be investigated. To elucidate the effects of systematic micro-break on intellectual concentration performance, a controlled laboratory experiment generated 31 participants’ data when each participant was performing cognitive comparison tasks. Systematic micro-break was given for 20 s after 7.5 min of cognitive work, for a total of 25 min of work tasks. Each participant performed the task under both conditions with and without micro-break intervention in a counterbalanced design. Two quantitative evaluations were made: the answering time and concentration time ratio. A subjective symptom questionnaire and the NASA task load index were applied for analytical consideration. The average answering time indicates that the performance under the influence of micro-break tends to be more stable over time and that it mitigates performance degradation compared to the performance in a condition without micro-break. For concentration time ratio scores, no significant difference was found between conditions with micro-break and without micro-break. However, a tendency was apparent by which the concentration time ratio score was higher in a condition with micro-break, which suggests higher cognitive performance. The subjective symptoms questionnaire indicated no significant difference between conditions with and without micro-break. Weighted NASA task load index questionnaire results indicated significant difference between both conditions with lower workload scores in conditions with micro-break. Results obtained from this study suggest that the implementation of systematic micro-break can support workers’ performance stability over time. Therefore, systematic micro-break can be promoted as a promising strategy for work recovery.
Review of non-conventional Hall effect thrusters
Authors: Chhavi Chhavi , Walker Mitchell L. R.
Published: June 2024

Electric propulsion has become the favored approach for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) maneuvers, resulting in substantial expansion in its use in the satellite industry. The Hall effect thruster’s (HETs) high specific impulse and thrust-to-power ratio allow for a wide range of in-space propulsion applications, making it a viable alternative for various space missions. In the space sector, the mass production of HET is currently underway to fulfil the needs of the satellite industry for performing various maneuvers such as orbit boosting, station keeping, deorbitation, collision avoidance, and inter-orbital transfers. The increase in mass production has caused engineering challenges in manufacturing, necessitating an efficient batch production process to guarantee flight qualification within acceptable limits. Engineering production problems may cause manufacturing defects in HET components, leading to non-uniform magnetic field. The non- uniformities in the magnetic field can be observed azimuthally in the channel in various conditions resulting from electrical shorting and geometrical constraints. It is essential to comprehend the effect of such non-uniformities in the magnetic field on the performance of Hall-effect thrusters. An approach to understanding the potential effect of non-uniform magnetic field in HET is by analyzing the efficacy of non-conventional HETs possessing non-uniform magnetic fields. The article comprehensively reviews several non-conventional HETs with distinct channel cross-section geometries, such as linear, racetrack, and wall-less configurations. The paper presents a comparative analysis between non-conventional HETs and conventional HETs operating in low to mid-power configurations for performance evaluation. The review provides discussion of the effects of non-uniform magnetic field on the reduction of optimized HET operation by the presence of heightened erosion and reduction in stability. The review study highlights the importance of optimizing magnetic field topology for developing future thruster designs with enhanced performance and utilization.
The contradicting state of urban housing and neoliberal policy in India: a macro analysis
Authors: Biswas Arindam
Published: June 2024

The paper evaluates the adaptation of neoliberal policies in the Indian urban housing policy sector. While completing the objectives of this paper, the article also appraises the expression of neoliberalism as it unfolds in the literature. Neoliberalism is considered a loose set of philosophical, institutional, and political principles to safeguard individual and collective freedom like private property rights, goods and services exchange, movement of capital and labor, etc. Neoliberal policies promote open markets and trade to unbound creative potentials and entrepreneurial skills through efficient utilization of resources and upbringing of human well-being. In a neoliberal regime, cities compete to attract talented people, capital, and resources to achieve newer economic and social benchmarks. However, the constant pursuit of excessive achievements lets some negativities grow within. Large-scale inequality, deprivation, social unrest, and meager quality of life affect the sustainable and holistic development of seemingly most developed cities worldwide. Referring to literature from social sciences, urban planning, and development studies, this paper focuses on the consequences of neoliberalism and its impact on urban housing in India.
Peritoneal pseudomyxoma in a patient affected by appendicular mucocele: a case report
Authors: Anichini Matilde , Grazzini Giulia , Masserelli Antonella , Mattolini Lavinia , Miele Vittorio
Published: June 2024

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is an uncommon clinical condition, characterized by mucinous ascites, generally associated with a rupture of an epithelial neoplasm of the appendix. Some authors also use the term PMP to indicate mucinous dissemination after rupture of mucin-producing tumors of other sites (i.e. colon, ovary). Clinical presentation is variable and depends on the progressive accumulation of mucinous ascites (obstructive symptoms); weight loss, elevated Ca 19.9 and Ca 125 levels can be present. Here, we report a case of a 58-year-old patient with a history of appendicular mucocele and HCV-related hepatopathy, who accessed to the emergency department of our institute for the onset of epigastric pain associated with food vomiting for 5 days. Blood tests demonstrated a mild leukocytosis, a mild anemia (Hb 12.8 g/dL), and increased transaminases and cholestasis indices. A contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) scan was performed: a peritoneal cavity filled with a neoformation with lobulated margins and over-water density leading to multiple incisions of the hepatic and splenic parenchyma was documented. Appendix had an increased caliber (4 cm) with coprolite near its origin. Hence, the suspicion of PMP was raised and later confirmed on surgical exploration.
Toxic Metal on the Rise in the Baltic Sea
Authors: Mayer Amy
Published: June 2024

Postwar reconstruction is likely the cause of elevated thallium levels, but low-oxygen, high-sulfide conditions keep the material, which is extremely dangerous to mammalian health, from moving into the human food chain.