bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical outcomes of posterior cervical laminectomy with instrumented fusion managing regional kyphotic cervical spondylotic myelopathy and k-line negative ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: Is the decompression sufficient?
Authors: ZHENG Guoquan , HUANG Yi , WU Fangqian , LI Bing , HU Wenhao , WANG Tianhao , QI Dengbin , XUE Chao
Published: March 2022

Purpose To evaluate the efficiency of single-staged posterior cervical laminectomy with instrumented fusion (PLF) for patients with regional kyphotic cervical spondylotic myelopathy (KSM) and negative K-line ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (NKO).Methods Patients who were initially diagnosed as cervical stenosis with myelopathy with KSM or NKO were analyzed and compared retrospectively. Posterior shift of the spinal cord was measured comparing preoperative C3-C7 column-cord distance and that of the final follow-up in mid-sagittal MRI. Neurological status was evaluated by the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score and recovery rate of JOA score. Postoperative complications were calculated and statistically analyzed. Results For KSM group (n = 12), the preoperative JOA score was 8.250±2.261 points, improved to 13.333±1.875 points at final follow-up. The JOA score improved from 8.421±1.575 points perioperatively to 12.316±1.493 points at final follow-up in NKO group (n = 19). The JOA score changes of both group were larger than 2.5 points of the minimum clinically important difference. The posterior shift of the spinal cord is 12.167±5.762 mm in KSM group and 9.600±6.124 in NKO group. No significant difference of the surgical outcomes was observed between the two group. 2 patients (16.7%) in KSM group had postoperative axial pain. 1 patient (8.3%) in KSM group and 2 patient (10.5%) in NKO group had C5 palsy.Conclusion PLF is safe and efficient for both KSM and KNO. There are similar surgical outcomes of regional kyphotic CSM and negative K-line OPLL after PLF while postoperative axial pain was more likely to happen in regional kyphotic CSM.
The Trend of Iatrogenic Genitourinary Fistula from 2005 to 2019 and Its Risk Factors at Addis Ababa Fistula Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A retrospective study
Authors: Ambaw Maranata Dawit
Published: March 2022

Background
Genitourinary fistula is one of a public health importance in low- and middle-income countries. It causes multiple health adversities. Mainly, lack of timely and appropriate intervention such as cesarean section causes genitourinary fistula. Nevertheless, iatrogenic genitourinary fistula is a result of medical error during obstetric and gynecological surgery such as while cesarean section and hysterectomy. This study examined the trend of iatrogenic genitourinary fistula, major surgical procedures leading to iatrogenic fistula and its risk factors.
Methods
a facility based cross sectional study design was deployed. The respondents were included retrospectively using their medical history from January 2005 to December 2019 at Addis Ababa fistula hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0 software. Annual percent change and average annual percent change were calculated using joinpoint regression analysis on joinpoint regression program version 4.8.0.1. Bivariate and multivariable regression model was also undertaken to implore the important risk factors for iatrogenic genitourinary fistula.
Results
Total 9229 fistula patients treated in the hospital. Of which 643(6.96%) and 8,586(93.03%) referred iatrogenic genitourinary fistula and obstetric fistula cases, respectively. The mean age of iatrogenic genitourinary fistula patients was 30.02 (± 4.63 SD) years, ranged 17–45 years. Among the iatrogenic genitourinary fistula cases, 341(53%) were caused by cesarean section. Other causes were errors while repairing ruptured uterus 131(20.4), during undertaking hysterectomy for ruptured uterus 78(12.1%), and while gynecological hysterectomy 93(14.5%). From 2005 to 2019, there was a significant rising trend in iatrogenic genitourinary fistula (1.55–52.9%, p < 0.001). Average annual percent change from 2005 to 2019 was 13.2% (95% CI: 7.7, 18.9). Statistically significant risk factors for iatrogenic genitourinary fistula were history of obstetric or gynecologic surgery, type of institution where the surgery conducted, and parity.
Conclusion
The trend of IGF substantially increased while the OF declined over 2005 to 2019 period. Patient safety and quality surgical procedure on pelvic surgeries is paramount important. The study also revealed that CS was the most frequent surgery resulting IGF followed by repairing ruptured uterus, hysterectomy for ruptured uterus and gynecologic hysterectomy.
Spatial-CITE-seq: spatially resolved high-plex protein and whole transcriptome co-mapping
Authors: Fan Rong , Liu Yang , DiStasio Marcello , Su Graham , Asashima Hiromitsu , Enninful Archibald , Qin Xiaoyu , Deng Yanxiang , Bordignon Pino , Cassano Marco , Tomayko Mary , Xu Mina , Halene Stephanie , Craft Joseph , Hafler David
Published: March 2022

We present spatial-CITE-seq for high-plex protein and whole transcriptome co-mapping, which was firstly demonstrated for profiling 198 proteins and transcriptome in multiple mouse tissue types. It was then applied to human tissues to measure 283 proteins and transcriptome that revealed spatially distinct germinal center reaction in tonsil and early immune activation in skin at the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine injection site. Spatial-CITE-seq may find a range of applications in biomedical research.
Genetic dissection of resistance to stripe rust in current Central and Northern European winter wheat germplasm
Authors: Shahinnia Fahimeh , Geyer Manuel , Schürmann Friederike , Rudolphi Sabine , Holzapfel Josef , Kempf Hubert , Stadlmeier Melanie , Löschenberger Franziska , Morales Laura , Buerstmayr Hermann , Sánchez Julio Isidro y , Akdemir Deniz , Mohler Volker , Lillemo Morten , Hartl Lorenz
Published: March 2022

Stripe or yellow rust, caused by the fungus Puccinia striiformis Westend f. sp. tritici , is one of the most destructive wheat diseases. Sustainable management of wheat stripe rust can be achieved through the deployment of rust resistant cultivars. To detect effective resistance loci for use in breeding programs, an association mapping panel of 230 winter wheat cultivars and breeding lines from Northern and Central Europe was employed. Genotyping with the Illumina ® iSelect ® 25 K Infinium ® SNP genotyping array yielded 8,812 polymorphic markers. Structure analysis revealed two subpopulations with 92 Austrian breeding lines and cultivars separated from the other 138 genotypes. A genome-wide association study for adult plant stripe rust resistance identified 12 SNP markers on six wheat chromosomes which showed consistent effects over several testing environments. Among these, two marker loci on chromosomes 2BS ( RAC875_c1226_652 ) and 6AL ( Tdurum_contig29607_413 ) were found highly predictive in three independent validation populations of 1065, 1001, and 175 breeding lines. Lines showing the resistant haplotype at both loci were found nearly free of stipe rust symptoms. Using linear models with these markers as fixed effects, we could increase predictive ability in the three populations by 0.13–0.46 compared to a standard genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach. The obtained results facilitate an efficient selection for stripe rust resistance against the current pathogen population in the Northern and Central European winter wheat gene pool.
Operando nanoscale imaging reveals Fe doping of Ni oxide enhancing oxygen evolution reaction via fragmentation and formation of dual active sites
Authors: Liang Yunchang , Parreiras Sofia , Lee Seunghwa , Banjac Karla , Boureau Victor , Gallego José María , Hu Xile , Écija David , Lingenfelder Magalí
Published: March 2022

Efficient catalytic water splitting demands advanced catalysts to improve the slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Earth-abundant transition metal oxides show promising OER activity in alkaline media. However, most experimental information available is either from post-mortem studies or in-situ space-averaged X-ray techniques in the micrometer range. Therefore, the composition of the active centers under operando conditions is still under debate. In this work, we combine nanoscopic and spectroscopic measurements on the hydroxylation of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)-prepared Ni and NiFe oxides nanoislands with operando local investigations of Ni and NiFe hydroxide electrocatalysts under OER conditions to reveal the nature of active centers of Ni and Fe-doped Ni oxides in 2D OER catalysts. Our results reveal that Fe doping increases the active surface area by island fragmentation and boosts the intrinsic activity by creating optimized active centers consisting of both Ni and Fe atoms. In addition, our findings show that operando characterization at the nanoscale is crucial to reveal the dynamic nature of the interface of 2D catalysts under reaction conditions.
Inventions of Interventions: Data Driven Strategies in Pandemic Research and Control
Authors: Enaganti Inavamsi , Ganesh Nivedita , Mishra Bud (Bhubaneswar)
Published: March 2022

Faced with a rapidly evolving virus, inventors must seek to experiment, iterate and deploy both creative and effective solutions. Supported by empirical model-driven analysis, this paper delves into fundamental paradoxes and biases in the context of epidemic research, increasing awareness
at every stage of the clinical trial; ranging from hypothesizing to sampling, and analyses to fake data detection. Critically, the paper also presents novel ideas that demonstrate how the paradoxes and biases covered play into technology development and deployment to combat the surging pandemic,
COVID-19.
The Corevent 2020: An Open-source, Rapid Design-build-Test Emergency Ventilator Developed for Covid-19
Authors: Longtin Jon P. , Brittelli John , Assanis Dimitris , Page Christopher R. , Bergese Sergio
Published: March 2022

In the first quarter of 2020, SARs-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infections began to grow at an alarming rate despite drastic measures to reduce infection rates. Severe COVID-19 cases required mechanical ventilation, resulting in ventilator shortages worldwide. To address the ventilator shortages,
the authors developed the CoreVent 2020, an emergency-use ventilator for adult patients that was designed, built, and tested in ten days. The CoreVent 2020 is a pressure-cycled, time-limited ventilator with a breath-assist mode that operates on standard pressurized oxygen and medical air.
It provides adjustable peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). A medical-grade commercially available breathing circuit is used to minimize non-medical component requirements. The CoreVent 2020 was fabricated in-house at Stony Brook University Hospital
and tested on three mechanical lung simulators in which the operating modes and alarm features were demonstrated. Animal studies were also performed in both normal breathing mode and breath-assisted modes. Arterial blood gas measurements confirmed that the ventilator provided satisfactory
ventilation for the test subjects. The COVID-19 pandemic presented unique constraints on the design and innovation process not normally encountered in typical practice. Design decisions such as component choice, delivery time, and ease of high-volume, rapid manufacturing influenced all aspects
of the design process. This aspect of the design/innovation process is also discussed, as well as an introductory discussion on how training and simulations can be developed so that innovation can occur efficiently in future crises situations.
PARTICIPATIVE MANAGEMENT IN PEDAGOGICAL SPACES: AN ANALYSIS OF A PROFESSIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN THE NORTH REGION OF BRAZIL
Authors: Nascimento-e-Silva Daniel , Brito Maria de Fátima dos Santos , Silva Ronison Oliveira da
Published: March 2022

The present study sought to analyze whether the strategies implemented in one of the pedagogical spaces of a professional and technological education institution in Northern Brazil can be considered participatory. The methodological path consisted of data collection made through a semi-structured interview script with the participants to formulate and implement strategies for conducting a mini-course on the Moodle platform, the studied pedagogical space. The data were organized, analyzed, and interpreted using semantic and content analysis techniques. The results showed that a) the respondents have different perceptions about the objectives of the course, b) presented different views about the stages of the project’s execution, c) there was a harmony of their perceptions about the benefits of the project, and d) the respondents were unanimous in considering that there were many setbacks for the practice of participatory management. The conclusion shows no full participation in the formulation and execution of the analyzed pedagogical space strategies.
SENTIDOS E SIGNIFICADOS ATRIBUÍDOS À PRESENÇA DO ESTAGIÁRIO DE PEDAGOGIA EM UMA SALA DE AULA INCLUSIVA DA REDE PÚBLICA
Authors: Mariano Ana Paula , Lessa Angela B. Cavenagh Themudo , Oliveira Grassinete Carioca de Albuquerque
Published: March 2022

Este artigo, apoiado na perspectiva teórica sócio-histórica-cultural, promove uma discussão crítica acerca da inclusão de crianças com deficiência sob a perspectiva de docentes e estagiários do curso de Pedagogia. Objetiva desencadear reflexão sobre os sentidos e significados atribuídos a presença de um estagiário em uma sala de aula inclusiva. Utiliza exemplos selecionados de um corpus de pesquisa coletado em uma escola municipal de São Paulo, extraídos de uma dissertação de mestrado de 2019, que subsidiarão a discussão apoiada em Vygotsky ([1924] 1997; 1930; [1930] 2008; [1930] 2010; [1934] 2001). Os resultados apontam para uma revisão e reflexão crítica  sobre o papel do estagiário em uma sala de aula inclusiva.
Diseño y Validación de un instrumento para evaluar competencia digital en estudiantes de primer año de las carreras de educación de tres universidades públicas de Chile
Authors: Silva-Quiroz Juan-Eusebio , Abricot-Marchant Nicole , Aranda-Faúndez Gonzalo , Rioseco-País Marcelo
Published: March 2022

La competencia digital (CD) es fundamental para el desarrollo personal y académico de los estudiantes universitarios actuales. Evaluar el nivel de la CD en los primeros años de formación universitaria de los estudiantes de carreras de pedagogía es relevante para introducir mejoras en las carreras del área de educación.  El Objetivo general de este trabajo, fue diseñar y validar un instrumento de evaluación COMPDIG-PED (Competencia digital en pedagogía), en un contexto de carreras del área de la educación de tres universidades públicas chilenas. En este artículo se presenta el diseño y  validación de un instrumento de evaluación de la CD denominado COMPDIG-PED, basado en el marco  DIGCOMP (Digital Competence) elaborado por la comunidad económica europea. Se establece su fiabilidad y validez de constructo, junto con los análisis estadísticos correspondientes, habiendo trabajado con juicio de expertos. La muestra estuvo constituida por 841 estudiantes. Los resultados muestran que COMPDIG-PED es un instrumento que cumple con los estándares para medir la CD de los estudiantes de primer año de las carreras de pedagogía en particular y de cualquier carrera universitaria en general.
Estimation methods to define reference evapotranspiration: a comparative perspective
Authors: Pinos Juan
Published: March 2022

Evapotranspiration is a key variable for hydrologic, climatic, agricultural, and environmental studies. Given the non-availability of economically and technically easy to implement direct measurement methods, evapotranspiration is estimated primarily through the application of empirical and regression models, and machine learning algorithms that incorporate conventional meteorological variables. While the FAO-56 Penman-Monteith equation worldwide has been recognized as the most accurate equation to estimate the reference evapotranspiration (ETo), the number of required climatic variables makes its application questionable for regions with limited ground-based climate data. This note provides a summary of empirical and semi-empirical equations linked to its data requirement and the problems associated with these models (transferability and data quality), an overview of regression models, the potential of machine learning algorithms in regression tasks, trends of reference evapotranspiration studies, and some recommendations of the topics future research should address that would lead to a further improvement of the performance and generalization of the available models. The terminology used in this note is consistent in both the theoretical and practical field of evapotranspiration, which is often dispersed in the academic literature. The goal of this note is to provide some perspective to stimulate discussion.
The Role of Mass Spectrometry in the Discovery of Antibiotics and
Bacterial Resistance Mechanisms: Proteomics and Metabolomics Approaches
Authors: Cuevas-Cruz Miguel , Hernández-Guzmán Ulises , Álvarez-Rosales Poulette Carolina , Schnabel Meike , Gómez-Manzo Saúl , Arreguín-Espinosa Roberto
Published: March 2022

The abuse and incorrect administration of antibiotics has resulted in an increased
proliferation of bacteria that exhibit drug resistance. The emergence of resistant
bacteria has become one of the biggest health concerns globally, and an enormous effort
has been made to combat them. However, despite the efforts, the emergence of resistant
strains is rapidly increasing, while the discovery of new classes of antibiotics has lagged.
For this reason, it is pivotal to acquire a more detailed knowledge of bacterial resistance
mechanisms and the mechanism of action of substances with antibacterial effects to identify
biomarkers, therapeutic targets, and the development of new antibiotics.
Metabolomics and proteomics, combined with mass spectrometry for data acquisition,
are suitable techniques and have already been applied successfully. This review presents
basic aspects of the metabolomic and proteomic approaches and their application for the
elucidation of bacterial resistance mechanisms.
A Review on the Design, Synthesis, and Structure-activity Relationships of
Benzothiazole Derivatives against Hypoxic Tumors
Authors: Nural Yahya , Kurt Akif Hakan , Ayaz Lokman , Ayaz Furkan , Seferoglu Zeynel
Published: March 2022

There has been a growing body of studies on benzothiazoles and benzothiazole derivatives
as strong and effective anti-tumor agents against lung, liver, pancreas, breast, and brain
tumors. Due to the highly proliferative nature of the tumor cells, the oxygen levels get lower than
that of normal tissues in the tumor microenvironment. This situation is called hypoxia and has
been associated with increased ability for carcinogenesis. For the drug design and development
strategies, the hypoxic nature of the tumor tissues has been exploited more aggressively. Hypoxia
itself acts as a signal initiating system to activate the pathways that eventually lead to the spread
of the tumor cells into the different tissues, increases the rate of DNA damage, and eventually
ends up with more mutation levels that may increase the drug resistance. As one of the major
mediators of hypoxic response, hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) have been shown to activate
angiogenesis, metastasis, apoptosis resistance, and many other protumorigenic responses in cancer
development. In the current review, we will be discussing the design, synthesis, and structureactivity
relationships of benzothiazole derivatives against hypoxic tumors such as lung, liver,
pancreas, breast, and brain as potential anti-cancer drug candidates. The focus points of the study
will be the biology behind carcinogenesis and how hypoxia contributes to the process, recent
studies on benzothiazole and its derivatives as anti-cancer agents against hypoxic cancers, conclusions,
and future perspectives. We believe that this review will be useful for researchers in the
field of drug design during their studies to generate novel benzothiazole-containing hybrids
against hypoxic tumors with higher efficacies.
AI-assisted Method for Efficiently Generating Breast Ultrasound Screening
Reports
Authors: Zhang Huabin , Yuan Kehong , Ge Shuang , Ye Qiongyu , Xie Wenquan , Sun Desheng , Zhou Xiaobo
Published: March 2022

Background:

Ultrasound is one of the preferred choices for early screening of dense breast
cancer. Clinically, doctors have to manually write the screening report, which is time-consuming and
laborious, and it is easy to miss and miswrite.

Aim:

We proposed a new pipeline to automatically generate AI breast ultrasound screening reports
based on ultrasound images, aiming to assist doctors in improving the efficiency of clinical screening
and reducing repetitive report writing.

Methods:

AI efficiently generated personalized breast ultrasound screening preliminary reports, especially
for benign and normal cases, which account for the majority. Doctors then make simple adjustments
or corrections based on the preliminary AI report to generate the final report quickly. The approach
has been trained and tested using a database of 4809 breast tumor instances.

Results:

Experimental results indicate that this pipeline improves doctors' work efficiency by up to
90%, greatly reducing repetitive work.

Conclusion:

Personalized report generation is more widely recognized by doctors in clinical practice
than non-intelligent reports based on fixed templates or options to fill in the blanks.
Research Progress on Quantification Methods of Drug Concentration of
Monoclonal Antibodies
Authors: Hu Linlin , Zhang Jinlu , Shao Hua
Published: March 2022

Background:

With the development of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the first
generation of mice to the fourth generation of human origin, the efficacy and safety in the treatment
of many diseases have been continuously improved. MAbs have been widely used in the
treatment of cancer, chronic inflammatory diseases, etc. However, the treatment response of
mAbs varies greatly among individuals, and drug exposure may be affected by a variety of physiological
and pathological factors, such as combined use of drugs and progression of the disease.
Therefore, studies tend to recommend therapeutic drug monitoring and individualized treatment
strategies.

Objective:

In this paper, the commonly used methods of quantification of monoclonal antibodies
were reviewed, especially liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and enzymelinked
immunosorbent assay (ELISA), to provide technical support for therapeutic drug detection
and individualize dosing for patients.

Conclusion:

For patients achieving mAbs treatment, it is necessary to carry out therapeutic drug
monitoring and take it as a routine monitoring index. We recommend that for pharmaceutical laboratories
in hospitals, establishing an appropriate assay format, such as ELISA and LC-MS/MS
is critical to determine drug concentration and antidrug antibody (ADA) for mAbs.
Short and Medium-Term Results of the Autologous Adult Mucosa Stem
Cell Therapy Compared with Mini-Sling Surgery in the Treatment of
Women’s Stress Urinary Incontinence; A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Mahboubeh Mirzaei , Hamid Pakmanesh , Azar Daneshpajooh , Mohammad Ali Bagherinasabsarab , Alireza Farsinejad , Mohsen Bahmani
Published: March 2022

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the results of stem cell therapy with mini-sling for
women’s stress urinary incontinence.

Methods:

This study was a parallel groups noninferiority randomized clinical trial. Patients with pure
stress urinary incontinence who did not improve after three months of conservative and medical therapy
were included. Patients were divided into two groups mini-sling insertion or peri-urethral injection of the
autologous mucosa stem cell with simple equal randomization. Standard Incontinence Impact Questionnaire
(IIQ) for patients’ satisfaction as well as objective Marshal Test as primary outcomes were compared.

Results:

From October 2016 to March 2018, 30 patients (mean age of 52 years) were randomly divided
equally into two groups. Finally, a negative Marshal test was observed in 73% of the stem cell group vs.
80% in the mini-sling group (p = 0.6). The mean decrease in the IIQ results was 12 points in the stem cell
group vs. 25 points in the mini-sling group (p = 0.05). Favorable results at 6 m and 26 m follow-up were
40% vs. 80% (p = 0.06) and 53% vs. 60% (p = 0.7) in stem cell and mini-sling group, respectively. Patients
in the mini-sling group experienced a higher rate of dyspareunia. Intervention time and hospital stay were
6.46 ± 1.24 minutes vs. 19.40 ± 4.30 minutes (p = 0.001) and 4.33 ± 1.23 vs. 9.20 ± 3.16 hours (p = 0.001) in
stem cell and mini-sling groups, respectively.

Conclusion:

Results of the periurethral injection of the autologous adult mucosa-derived stem cells are
not inferior to the less invasive mini-sling procedure; while, the stem cell group showed shorter intervention
time and hospital stay as well as fewer complications. This noninferiority pilot randomized trial compared
the results of stem cell therapy with mini-sling surgery and showed that in the medium-term followup,
the results are comparable.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:

IR.KMU.REC.1395.343.
Combination of Second-Generation Proteasome Inhibitor Carfilzomib with Bortezomib
in Four Different Breast Cancer Cell Lines
Authors: Altundag Ergul Mutlu , Yilmaz Ayse Mine , Sahin Ali , Yilmaz Betul Karademir
Published: March 2022

Background:

Proteasome inhibitors target different pathways in cells and therefore are promising drugs in cancer therapy. The use of these inhibitors is approved mainly in hematological cancers, and recently many clinical trials and preclinical studies are running for efficacy in solid tumors. Carfilzomib is a second generation inhibitor and developed to decrease the side effects of bortezomib. Although there are many valid therapies in breast cancer, resistance and recurrence are inevitable in many cases and the proteasomal system plays an important roles in related pathways.

Objective:

This study is a preliminary work to evaluate the combination effects of bortezomib and carfilzomib in four different breast cancer cells.

Methods:

MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, UACC-2087, and SKBR-3 cell lines were used. Cell viability was determined by using bortezomib and carfilzomib alone and in combination. Combination effect values were determined using the Chou-Talalay method. Apoptosis, proteasome activity, cleaved PARP, and HSP70 expressions were analyzed in the determined doses.

Results:

The response to the combination of the two inhibitors was different in four cell lines. Apoptosis was significantly higher in combination groups compared to carfilzomib in three cell lines except SKBR-3, and higher in combination group compared to bortezomib only in UACC-2087. Combination decreased cleaved PARP levels in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 and increased in SKBR-3 compared to bortezomib. HSP70 levels decreased in combination with UACC-2087 and SKBR-3 compared to carfilzomib.

Conclusion:

Taken together, the combination of the two inhibitors was more apoptotic compared to carfilzomib and apoptosis was higher only in UACC-2087 compared to bortezomib. This apoptosis data can not be directly correlated to degree of proteaasome inhibiton, PARP cleavage and HSP70 response.
Elucidations of Molecular Mechanism and Mechanistic Effects of Environmental
Toxicants in Neurological Disorders
Authors: Upadhyay Tarun Kumar , Goel Harsh , Goyal Keshav , Pandey Avanish Kumar , Benjamin Mercilena , Khan Fahad , Pandey Pratibha , Mittan Sandeep , Iqbal Danish , Alsaweed Mohammed , Alturaiki Wael , Madkhali Yahya , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Tanwar Pranay
Published: March 2022

Due to rising environmental and global public health concerns associated with environmental
contamination, human populations are continually being exposed to environmental toxicants,
including physical chemical mutagens widespread in our environment causing adverse consequences
and inducing a variety of neurological disorders in humans. Physical mutagens comprise ionizing and
non-ionizing radiation, such as UV rays, IR rays, X-rays, which produces a broad spectrum of neuronal
destruction, including neuroinflammation, genetic instability, enhanced oxidative stress driving
mitochondrial damage in the human neuronal antecedent cells, cognitive impairment due to alterations
in neuronal function, especially in synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis repression, modifications in mature
neuronal networks drives to enhanced neurodegenerative risk. Chemical Mutagens including alkylating
agents (EMS, NM, MMS, and NTG), Hydroxylamine, nitrous acid, sodium azide, halouracils
are the major toxic mutagen in our environment and have been associated with neurological disorders.
These chemical mutagens create dimers of pyrimidine that cause DNA damage that leads to ROS generation
producing mutations, chromosomal abnormalities, genotoxicity which leads to increased neurodegenerative
risk. The toxicity of four heavy metal including Cd, As, Pb, Hg is mostly responsible
for complicated neurological disorders in humans. Cadmium exposure can enhance the permeability of
the BBB and penetrate the brain, driving brain intracellular accumulation, cellular dysfunction, and
cerebral edema. Arsenic exerts its toxic effect by induction of ROS production in neuronal cells.
In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanism and mechanistic effects of mutagens in the
environment and their role in multiple neurological disorders.
Danshensu Enhances Cerebral Angiogenesis in Mice by Regulating the
PI3K/Akt/Mtor/VEGF Signaling Axis
Authors: Jia Hongning , Qi Xiaoyuan , Wu Huijun , Wang Jianping
Published: March 2022

Background:

Cerebral infraction seriously affects the life quality of patients. Danshensu
has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory and vascular protective effects. However, the therapeutic
function of Danshensu in cerebral vascular injury is still unclear.

Methods:

Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was used to construct the cerebral infraction
model. Wound healing and tube formation assays were used to evaluate angiogenesis in vitro. Western
blot assay was used to evaluate the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. The laser
Doppler scanner was used to measure the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the area around the
infarction, and the adhesion removal test was used to measure the sensorimotor function. The Modified
Neurological Severity Score was performed to evaluate the cognitive functions of mice.

Results:

Danshensu promoted the proliferation of bEnd.3 cells and angiogenesis in vitro. Danshensu
upregulated the expression of VEGF through PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in bEnd.3 cells.
Danshensu improved rCBF restoration and attenuated the behavioral deficits in mice post-MCAO/R.

Conclusion:

Danshensu enhances angiogenesis through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR/VEGF signaling pathway
in a mouse model of cerebral ischemic injury.
Magnetically Recyclable Ag@Fe2O3 Core-shell Nanostructured Catalyst for One-pot Synthesis of 2-Aryl Benzimidazole and Benzothiazole
Authors: Thakur Jyotsna , Shinde Gayatree
Published: March 2022

Background:

Nanocatalysts exhibit several applications in the synthesis of many industrially
important organic compounds. They manifest fascinating physical and chemical properties
which can be exploited in their catalytic applications.

Method:

A magnetically recyclable Ag@Fe2O3 core-shell structured nanocatalyst was synthesized
by a simple sol-gel technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, field emission
scanning electron microscope, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform
infrared spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer etc. Nanocatalyst was found to be a highly
efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the synthesis of 2-aryl, benzimidazoles and benzothiazoles via
one-pot condensation of aromatic aldehydes and 1, 2-phenylenediamine, and 2-aminothiophenol.

Results:

Fe2O3 nanocatalyst provides rapid conversion of the substrate into the desired product at
room temperature within just 5-18 min in the presence of C2H5OH with good to excellent yield.
The combination of Ag core with magnetic Fe2O3 shell improves efficiency, stability, magnetic
recovery, and reusability compared to the individual nanoparticles.

Conclusion:

The synthetic protocol is featured high yield, mild conditions, and simple work-up.
Magnetic recovery of the catalyst from reaction systems and its reusability for several runs without
loss of catalytic activity are additional advantages.
Kinetics and the Mechanism of Reduction of Hexacholoroiridate (IV) by
Carcinogenic Nicotine as an Alkaloid in Aqueous Solutions with the
Determination of Ionization Constant of Nicotine
Authors: Hassan Refat M. , Ibrahim Samia M.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Nicotine (NIC) is a lipid-soluble alkaloid found predominantly in tobacco
products, including cigarettes, cigars, and oral tobacco products such as snuff and chewing tobacco.
Since nicotine substrate is the major constituent of tobacco smoke, it may cause negatively impacted
problems for human healthcare, which keeps many users hooked.

Method:

A spectrophotometric technique has been applied to investigate the kinetics of reductoin
hexachloroiridate (IV) as an inert one-equivalent oxidant by carcinogenic nicotine (NIC) in aqueous
perchlorate solutions.

Results:

First-order in [IrCl6]2- and fractional-first-order concerning the nicotine concentration has
been revealed. Kinetic evidence for forming a 1:1 intermediate complex between the NIC and
[IrCl6]2- before the rate-determining step was confirmed.

Conclusion:

The ionization constants of nicotine were evaluated from the kinetic data and are
8.57x10-4 and 4.57 x 10-4 moldm-3 at an ionic strength of 0.5 moldm-3 and 30°C and 40°C, respectively.
The activation parameters have been deduced from the kinetic results of the temperature
dependence of rate constants. A plausible reaction mechanism for the redox reaction is suggested
and discussed. Nicotinic acid (Vitamin B3) was formed as an oxidation product of nicotine oxidation.
Pemindahan Ibukota Negara: Upaya Pemerataan Pembangunan ataukah Mewujudkan Tata Pemerintahan yang Baik
Authors:   Jurusan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Herdiana Dian
Published: March 2022

The plan to move the capital city is at least driven by 2 (two) considerations, namely development equality efforts and realizing good governance. This article is intended to compare the two reasons for which are considered appropriate to be used as the reason for moving the capital. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis method. The results of the study revealed that the distribution of development can be done in the context of decentralization and local authonomy, the implications of moving the capital based on the distribution of development not only have an impact on the determination of new capitals which must be based on geo-economics but also requires policy instruments that are specific to ensuring equitable economic growth and development. Conversely, the move of the capital based on implementing good governance will not only result in a clean, professional and visionary governance, but it will also produce policies that are not solely based on the distribution of development, but also aimed at improving all aspects of national life fairly and proportionally.
III Congresso Sul Mineiro de Anatomia
Authors: Liga de Anatomia da FMIT
Published: March 2022

O III Congresso Sul Mineiro de Anatomia (CONSMA) é um evento que aborda temas no âmbito da anatomia do organismo humano, abordando diversos assuntos integrados a fisiologia e patologia.
The Effect of Ethical Leadership On Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Public Service Motivation and Normative Commitment
Authors: Syahrani Muchlis , Hernawaty Hernawaty , Winarno Alex
Published: March 2022

Introduction/Main Objectives: To analyze how ethical leadership influences job performance mediated public service motivation and normative commitment in public institutions.  Background Problems: Ethical issues in public institutions are rarely discussed openly by involving practitioners, although ethical issues are the root of the emergence of various problems in public organizations.  Leaders play an important role in ethics. Novelty: Show ethical leadership as a resource for social learning and provide an understanding that ethical leadership is an important leadership style in the job performance system of public services in leader-member exchange theory. Research Methods: The explanation method uses a survey of 327 civil servants in East Kalimantan. The data analysis technique uses SEM covariance.  Finding/Results: Ethical leadership as a model for subordinates in providing public services. The interaction between leaders and subordinates encourages public service motivation for the public and fosters normative commitment based on consideration of ethical values. Ethical leaders influence the job performance of civil servants through service and normative commitment. Conclusion: Increased public service motivation and normative awareness, as well as job performance as a public servant, is influenced by ethical leadership. The practical implication is the need to develop and strengthen interactions between leaders and subordinates as a social learning process that can activate ethical awareness as public servants.
ARGUVAN’LI ÂŞIK ŞAŞGIN’IN HAYATI VE ESERLERİ
Authors: DAĞDEVİREN Mustafa
Published: March 2022

Bu çalışmada; ‘‘Arguvan müzik kültürü içerisinde yetişen aşıklık geleneği temsilcilerinden birisi olan Aşık Şaşgın kimdir?’, “Kaynak kişi olarak halk müziği geleneğimize taşıdığı eserler, sözlerini ve müziklerini yaptığı eserleri ve eserlerinin içeriği, kalem aşığı olarak yazdığı şiirleri ve içerikleri”, “Cem aşığı olarak sözlerini ve müziklerini yaptığı eserleri ve içerikleri nelerdir?” sorularına yanıt aranmış ve eserlerinden örneklerler verilmiştir.

Aşık Şaşgın’ın kültürel anlamda müzikal kimliği, âşık geleneğine yönelimi, halk müziğimizin önemli sanatçılarıyla olan Arguvan müzik kültürü paylaşımları vurgulanmıştır. Ayrıca aşığın yerel, ulusal ve uluslararası televizyon ve radyo programları ve kayıtları ile görünürlüğü ve geleneğe olan katkıları sunulmuştur.

Çalışmada “nitel yöntem, teknik ve yaklaşımlar” tercih edilmiş olup bu nitel yöntemlerin bir deseni olan “etnografik araştırma” deseni ve bu desene ait veri toplama teknikleri (gözlem, görüşme, kayıt alma, analiz etme) kullanılmıştır.
O conceito de identidade em perspectiva: as contribuições de Jörn Rüsen, Claude Dubar e Stuart Hall para a pesquisa sobre a formação de professores de História
Authors: Bonete Wilian Junior
Published: March 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar um conjunto de reflexões em torno do conceito de identidade. Argumenta-se que o termo identidade não é algo homogêneo no campo das ciências humanas e sociais e sua utilização no campo do Ensino de História deve ser problematizada. Neste sentido, estabelece-se um diálogo a partir das elaborações teóricas de Jörn Rüsen, Claude Dubar e Stuart Hall, corroborado por outros autores, no intuito de evidenciar caminhos e possibilidades para o empreendimento de investigações sobre a formação de professores de História.
“ESPELHO, ESPELHO, MEU”… OS HÁBITOS DE CONSUMO DE PRODUTOS DE BELEZA DO CONSUMIDOR METROSSEXUAL
Authors: Silva Leite Ramon , De Rezende Pinto Marcelo , Ribeiro Máximo Aryane
Published: March 2022

As novas tendências de consumo transformaram os hábitos de compra dos homens, que se tornaram mais preocupados com a aparência e autoimagem, emergindo uma nova figura, conceituada como homem metrossexual. Há pelo mundo alguns estudos sobre este consumidor, que corroboram que este homem faz parte de um novo perfil de consumidor masculino, contudo, não há conhecido um estudo que fizera uma interlocução entre a vaidade deste consumidor e sua relação com hábitos de consumo de produtos de beleza, demonstrando uma lacuna para a pesquisa com este consumidor, sendo esta a proposta deste estudo.
ABORTO, OBJEÇÃO DE CONSCIÊNCIA E BIOÉTICA FEMINISTA: ESTRATÉGIAS PARA EFETIVAÇÃO DO DIREITO À INTERRUPÇÃO LEGAL DA GESTAÇÃO
Authors: De Ávila Moreira Maria Regina , Souza de Oliveira Ingrid de Cássia
Published: March 2022

O direito ao aborto no Brasil está previsto na legislação desde 1940, e sua regulamentação ocorreu em 1999 pelo Ministério da Saúde. Entretanto, a garantia da interrupção legal da gestação traz desafios, dentre os quais o tema da objeção de consciência. Assim, este artigo se dedica a analisar este dispositivo e suas implicações para o acesso ao aborto legal. Trata-se de um estudo bibliográfico e documental, apoiado em normatizações do Ministério da Saúde, Códigos de Ética Profissional e textos de autores da Bioética e do Feminismo. Pretende-se contribuir, por meio de uma reflexão crítica e estratégica, para a garantia do acesso a esse direito.
Role of code of ethics in building a fraud-resilient organization: The case of the developing economy
Authors: Johari Razana Juhaida , Rosnidah Ida , Talib Norli Abd , Helmi Ilinorhikmah Mohd
Published: March 2022

Due to the prevalence of fraud and corruption in Malaysia’s economic and governmental sectors, this article examines the importance of ethical standards and their application in constructing a fraud-resistant organization. Public confidence in officials’ honesty and commitment to the common good has been eroded by their unethical behavior (Salin, Ismail, Smith, & Nawawi, 2019). Without a doubt, adhering to a code of ethics enhances an organization’s reputation, which can assist in keeping and attracting new consumers and investors, as well as in developing the organization’s brand image in private and public organizations (Yallop, 2012). However, conformity with the code of ethics is acknowledged as insufficient due to a variety of constraints. As such, this study aims to provide light on the role of codes of ethics in fostering the development of fraud-resistant organizations and the impediments to code of ethics adoption in Malaysia. Numerous databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar, were reviewed to assemble literature on the issue from 2010 to 2021. This article helps to public awareness and understanding of Malaysia’s commercial and government sectors’ code of ethics, as well as its present state of application. Additionally, the article discusses limitations and future studies.
Prevalencia de sobrepeso en los pacientes pediátricos con colelitiasis, atendidos en el Hospital San Rafael de Tunja durante los años 2010-2019
Authors: Acosta Pérez Camila Andrea , Vargas Rodríguez Ledmar Jovanny , Carreño Saltaren Lady Johana , Hoyos Gómez Laura Katherine , García Estepa Lina Marcela Marcela , Chaparro Rojas Tania Andrea
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Determinar prevalencia de sobrepeso en los pacientes pediátricos con colelitiasis atendidos en el hospital San Rafael de Tunja durante los años 2010 - 2019.

Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal y retrospectivo, donde se evaluó las características de colelitiasis en los pacientes menores de 18 años de edad. Se evaluaron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, imagenológicos y terapéuticas.

Resultados: Se revisaron 84 expedientes clínicos de pacientes con diagnóstico de colelitiasis en un periodo comprendido entre el año 2010 al 2019. El 69,1% de la población de género femenino y el 30,9% al género masculino. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 15.07 años, la prevalencia de sobrepeso fue  35,7% y de obesidad  21,4%. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes fueron nauseas 85,71%, vómito 84,52%  y signo de Murphy positivo en un 83,33%. en el  76% de los ||||pacientes los cálculos fueron únicos, con un tamaño promedio de 7,45 mm (con un mínimo de 1 mm y máximo 25 mm). El 26,1% recibió tratamiento conservador, mientras que el 73,8% fue tratado mediante cirugía, de estos, en el 50% de los casos la intervención fue abierta y en el restante por vía laparoscópica de los cuales el 2,43% requirió conversión intraoperatoria. Respecto a las complicaciones las más presentadas fueron, el absceso hepático  2,38% y pancreatitis en un 4,76%.

Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los niños con colelitiasis tenían obesidad (21,4%) y sobrepeso (35,7%), lo cual indica un problema de salud pública ya que puede incidir en otras patologías a futuro, además de ser fuerte predictor de la patología a estudio en este artículo.
Species diversity and Abundance of Mammals (Medium and Large sized) in Yotyet/Yewezera Community Forest, Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tegegn Ashenafi , Tilahun Belete , Sime Demelash , Siraj Zemedkun
Published: March 2022

Abstract The availability of accurate data on forest resources is an
essential requirement for species documentation, community
identification, and planning within the context of sustainable use of
the forest. A survey of mammalian species was conducted in
Yotyet/Yewezera Forest southern Ethiopia to assess their diversity and
abundance in the area. Transect method was used to collect data for the
study. Data was collected from the established line transect in each
habitat from February 2019 to April 2019. A total of 553 individuals of
10 medium and large sized mammalian species distributed in to five
orders and six families were recorded. Chlorocebus aethiops (42.9%) was
the most abundant mammalian species followed by Colobus guereza
(22.2%). Leptus starcki (1.6%), Traglaphus scriptus (2.9%), Crocuta
crocuta (3.3%) were the less abundant species. The highest diversity of
mammals was recorded from open grassland (H´=2.082; Simpson´s index of
diversity (1-D) = 0.8626) and the less was from human plantations area
(H´= 1.044; Simpson´s index of diversity (1-D) = 0.6311). Though,
Yotyet/Yewezera community forest is with high potential of conserving
biodiversity, it is not free from anthropogenic factors that threatened
the biological components of it. Therefore, awareness should be created
for the local people about the effects of forest destruction on the
wildlife and start biodiversity conservation program in the area. Key
words: Abundance, diversity, mammals, Yotyet/Yewezera forest, Southern
Ethiopia
Measurement bias: a structure perspective
Authors: Li Yijie , Fan Wei , Zhang Miao , Liu Lili , Bao Jiangbo , Zheng Yingjie
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To propose new causal structures to clarify the structures
and mechanisms of measurement bias (MB). Methods: We propose a new
structure for measuring one singleton variable firstly, and then extend
it into clarifying the effect between an exposure and an outcome, aided
by the Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs). Results: The MB for one singleton
variable arises in the selection of an imperfect I/O device-like
measurement system only. For effect estimation, however, extra source of
MB arises from any redundant association between a measured exposure and
a measured outcome. The misclassification will be bidirectionally
differential for a common outcome, unidirectionally differential for a
causal relation, and non-differential for a common cause or an
independence, between the measured exposure and the measured outcome.
The measured exposure can actually affect the measured outcome, or vice
versa. Reverse causality is a concept defined at the level of
measurement. Conclusions: Measurement extends the causality from real
world to human thinking. MB has two origins: an imperfect measurement
system and any redundant association at the measurement level. Our new
DAGs have clarified the structures and mechanisms of MB.