bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Algorithm for Generating Pairs of Projections of Three-Dimensional Objects on Two Images
Authors: Terekhin A.V.
Published: June 2015

This paper describes the algorithm for classifying flat projections on the two images to three-dimensional objects. The formulas, images of projection of test three-dimensional objects, research results and conclusions are presented.
Simulation of Technological Systems for Diagnosis and Management Machining with CNC
Authors: Nekrasov R.Yu. , Soloviev I.V. , Starikov A.I.
Published: June 2015

The article deals with the problem of increasing the precision of products engineering on CNC machines. The authors proposed a solution to this problem by providing input operational adjustments to control the trajectory of the Executive bodies of the machine. The necessity of the creation of mathematical models of technological processes of diagnostics system "machine-fixture-tool-workpiece" was justified. Based on the study, the authors proposed a general scheme of diagnostics and surgical input, corrections and approximate mathematical models of individual processes of diagnostics.
Diagnosis of Transformer Winding for Presence of Defects in the Form of Closed Loop Coil
Authors: Isaev Yu.N. , Kolchanova V.A. , Tarasenko S.S.
Published: June 2015

In this article we described a scheme of a substitution of transformer winding with a defect in the form of closed loop coil. In terms of supposition of the presence of the magnetic couple between the undamaged winding and closed loop coil we can build the model of the diagnosis of the transformer winding. In the probing of the transformer winding with the defect in the form of closed loop coil with scanning pulse presence the voltage jumps appear in the undamaged part of the winding. From the tangent of the voltage logarithm of the undamaged winding we can derive the information about the closed loop coil parameters. We made an example of a calculation of the diagram dependences, which demonstrate a proper kink of a current derivative of the undamaged part of the winding in case of the closed loop coil defect. We described diagrams of the dependences of the kink of a current derivative on the scattering coefficient. We have shown that the kink of the derivative is becoming stronger in case of matching of the parameters of the kink of the undamaged part and closed loop coil one.
Technology of Residual Stresses Relaxation by the Ultrasonic Vibrations
Authors: Korolev Albert V. , Korolev Andrew A. , Jakovichin A.S. , Savran S.A. , Balaev A.F. , Muhina E.V. , Neigebauer K.S. , Iznairov B.M. , Reshetnikova O.P.
Published: June 2015

The paper studies the effectiveness of new techniques of stabilizing the geometrical parameters of bearing rings in comparison with the thermal stabilization. Processing of bearing rings is made on a special machine in a liquid medium where the ultrasonic vibrations are excited. It is shown that roundness of the rings after ultrasonic stabilization is substantially lower than after the heat treatment.
Prospects of Galvanic Sludge Recycling
Authors: Filonov A.V. , Kireeva O.A.
Published: June 2015

The article analyzes galvanic sludge recycling methods; development prospects are outlined; recycling in the electroplating industry is considered in terms of environment protection. Actual methods of galvanic sludge reuse are systematized. The author suggests areas for development of less hazardous electroplating methods.
 Consideration of Exploration Information Reliability when Forming the Requirements to the Mining Equipment in Coal Industry
Authors: Aksenov V.V. , Rogova T.B. , Shaklein S.V.
Published: June 2015

When forming contract requirements to the developed mining equipment we suggest taking into consideration not only the exploration data but also their inaccuracy degree. The authors describe the theoretical basics of determining the inaccuracy degree and the class of geoinformation models reflecting their pattern of change in the underground space. It is noted that implementation of the given approach will reduce the risks of investment losses of equipment consumers and those of face losses of producers.
Improvement of the Air Depression Survey at the Discharge, Suction and Combined Methods of Air Flow
Authors: Kostyuk Svetlana G. , Bedarev Nikolay T. , Lyubimov Oleg V. , Grigoryeva Natalya V.
Published: June 2015

The article presents the background and the ways to improve the air-bench survey of depression for developing students' practical skills in this area. There is the description of the upgraded bench, protected by a patent for utility model which allows for the research of air flow in the new modes: the discharge, suction and combined ways of the flow.
Analysis of Static Stress in an Alloy Wheel of the Passengercar
Authors: Nallusamy S. , Prabu N. Manikanda , Balakannan K. , Majumdar Gautam
Published: June 2015

The vehicle may be towed without the engine but it is not possible without the wheels. Road wheel is a significant structural member of the vehicular suspension system that supports the static and dynamic loads encountered during vehicle operation. As in the case of an automobile wheel maximum load is applied on the alloy wheel. Proper analysis of the alloy wheel plays a significant role for the safety of the passenger cars. Alloy wheels which are intended for normal use on passenger cars, undergo three tests and have to pass before going into the production: Dynamic Cornering Fatigue Test, Dynamic Radial Fatigue Test and Impact Test. Most of aluminium alloy wheels manufacturing companies have done several testing of their product however information of their method on simulation test is often kept limited. During a part of research a static and fatigue analysis of aluminum alloy wheel A356.0 was carried out using FEA package. The 3-D model was imported from CATIA into ANSYS using the appropriate format. Finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out by simulating the test conditions to analyze stress distribution and fatigue life of the aluminium alloy wheel rim of passenger car. Experimental analyses are carried out by radial fatigue testing machine for evaluation of fatigue life under influence of camber angle. The test indicates that integrating FEA and nominal stress method is a good and efficient method to predict alloy wheels fatigue life. In this paper by observing the results of both static and dynamic analysis the aluminium alloy is suggested as better material.
A Comparative Analysis of Turbulence Models Utilised for the Prediction of Turbulent Airflow through a Sudden Expansion
Authors: Okiy Karinate Valentine
Published: June 2015

The turbulent airflow in a circular duct with sudden expansion was investigated utilizing three turbulence models. The turbulence models chosen are: the k-epsilon model, the shear stress transport model and the Reynolds-stress model. The performance of the models was investigated with respect to the flow parameter-recirculation length. The turbulent kinetic energy and velocity predictions were compared between the turbulence models and with experimental data, then interpreted on the basis of the recirculation length. From the results, the shear stress transport model predictions of recirculation length had the closest agreement with the experimental result compared to the other model. Likewise, the convergence rate for the shear stress transport model was reasonable compared to that of the Reynolds model which has the slowest convergence rate. In light of these findings, the shear stress transport model was discovered to be the most appropriate for the investigation of turbulent air flow in a circular duct with sudden expansion. Keywords: Turbulence, recirculation length, sudden expansion, Turbulence models.
Study on the Metal-Enhanced Fluorescence of Dyes by Ag-Polyvinylpyrrolidone Nanocomposites
Authors: He Xin , Lin Zhuo Hao , Zhao Zhi Long , He Rui Hui , Zhang Mei , Fan Hai Lu
Published: June 2015

In this work, the effects of Ag nanoparticles or Ag-PVP nanocomposites on the fluorescence properties of rhodamine B and fluorescein were investigated. The fluorescence intensities of the dyes could be largely enhanced by Ag nanoparticles with various concentrations. Moreover, the intensities were further increased by Ag-PVP nanocomposites. The results show that the maximum enhancement ratio of 36.5 fold is achieved for rhodamine B in the presence of 2% Ag-PVP nanocomposites, as well as 4.37 fold for fluorescein with 5% Ag-PVP nanocomposites. The enhancement is believed to mainly be originated from the increased excitation rate of the dyes due to the local electromagnetic field which is improved by the interaction of light with Ag nanoparticles. The further fluorescence enhancement of the dyes by Ag-PVP nanocomposites is attributed to the effective separation of Ag nanoparticles from the dyes by PVP molecules. Additionally, the difference in the enhancement ratio of two dyes was also discussed. The lower quantum yield of the dye, as well as higher overlapped degree between Ag nanoparticles and the absorption of dye result in the larger enhancement ratio. The research could be meaningful for improving the sensitivity of rapidly medical or biological assays.
Microstructural Investigation of CNT-Metal Bonding Behavior through Computational Simulations
Authors: Zhao Hua Dong , Liu Ji Bin , Song Xiao Hui
Published: June 2015

Mechanism of CNT-metal bonding is investigated using molecular dynamics in this study. Both bonding and debonding process are considered. It is shown that the bonding can be achieved at a temperature lower than the melting point. The surface melting and capillary wetting dominate the bonding process. In addition, there are two potential failure positions, one is at CNT-Ni interface and the other is at nickel surface which are determined by the strength competition of these two interfaces. To obtain high bonding strength we should form coalescence structure between CNT and the metal at a higher temperature to achieve larger contact length. Also we find that the debonding process experiences elastic deformation followed by debonding at CNT-Ni or Ni–Ni interface.
Can the Degree of Crystallinity of Ball Milled Mg2Ni Intermetallic Compound Decide its Electrochemical Characteristics?
Authors: Venkateswari Ayyavu , Kumaran S. , Nithya C.
Published: June 2015

Nanostructured Mg2Ni intermetallic compounds were synthesised by high energy ball milling. Effect of milling time on structure and surface morphology of milled powders were studied using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Crystallite size and degree of crystallinity were confirmed using transmission electron microscopy and selective area electron diffraction analysis. In order to understand the effect of milling time on reaction rates, Differential Thermal Analysis is performed. Thermal profiles of 30 h milled powders indicate lower activation energy. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and charge-discharge studies were carried out to understand the electrochemical performance of prepared electrode materials. 30 h milled electrode material delivers maximum discharge capacity with superior capacity retention after 20 cycles at 20 mA g-1.
An epidemiological study of 97 cases of primary cicatricial alopecia in Iran
Authors: Beheshtiroy Akram , Hajmanoochehri Fatemeh , Hossienghamar Fahim
Published: June 2015

Cicatricial alopecia can produce major psychosocial disturbance. This study aimed to evaluate epidemiological features of primary cicatricial alopecia (PCA). Epidemiological and histological types of scarring alopecia were determined. The chi-squared test and t-test were performed to examine the relationship between different variables using SPSS 16. A total of 97 cases, 35 (36.1%) men and 62 (63.9%) women, with an average age of 37 (SD=12.7), were included in this study. The female/male (F/M) ratio was 1.7:1 for total cases, 1.92:1 for the lymphocytic type, and 1:1.5 for the neutrophilic type. No relationship was found between type of job (indoor or outdoor), clinical findings and histological types. Discoid lupus erythematous (DLE) was the most common histological type (63.9%). PCA was found to mainly affect middle-aged individuals. The high percentage of DLE in the present study is in agreement with some similar studies.
A real life clinical practice of neurologists in the ambulatory setting in Thailand: a pragmatic study
Authors: Kongbunkiat Kannikar , Tiamkao Somsak , Chotmongkol Verajit , Chieawthanakul Piyawan , Kitcharoen Sarawut , Jitpimolmard Suthipun , Sawanyawisuth Kittisak
Published: June 2015

The burden of neurological disorders is high in developing countries. Real life data from neurologists as to how they practice in Thailand are limited in literature. Practices of neurologists in a university hospital clinical setting in Thailand were studied. A prospective study was performed at the ambulatory neurology clinic, Khon Kaen University Hospital, between 1 February and 31 October 2009. The following data were recorded: numbers of patients, characteristics of patients, consultation notes, and time spent for each patient. There were three neurologists, each of whom ran one afternoon clinic, once a week. There were 6137 visits during the 9 months, with an average of 681 visits per month. The total number of patients was 2834. The three most common diseases were cerebrovascular diseases (33%), epilepsy (16%), and movement disorders (non-Parkinson’s disease, 12%). Neurologists spent an average of 6.34 minutes per patient. In conclusion, neurologists in medical schools have limited time to take care of each patient. Several strategies are needed in medical education and neurology training to improve the quality of care.
Arch-Taping Techniques for Altering Navicular Height and Plantar Pressures During Activity
Authors: Newell Tim , Simon Janet , Docherty Carrie L.
Published: June 2015

Context

Arch tapings have been used to support the arch by increasing navicular height. Few researchers have studied navicular height and plantar pressures after physical activity.

Objective

To determine if taping techniques effectively support the arch during exercise.

Design

Crossover study.

Setting

Athletic training research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Twenty-five individuals (13 men, 12 women; age = 20.0 ± 1.0 years, height = 172.3 ± 6.6 cm, mass = 70.1 ± 10.2 kg) with a navicular drop of more than 8 mm (12.9 ± 3.3 mm) volunteered.

Intervention(s)

All individuals participated in 3 days of testing, with 1 day for each tape condition: no tape, low dye, and navicular sling. On each testing day, navicular height and plantar pressures were measured at 5 intervals: baseline; posttape; and after 5, 10, and 15 minutes of running. The order of tape condition was counterbalanced.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

The dependent variables were navicular height in millimeters and plantar pressures in kilopascals. Plantar pressures were divided into 5 regions: medial forefoot, lateral forefoot, lateral midfoot, lateral rearfoot, and medial rearfoot. Separate repeated-measures analyses of variance were conducted for each dependent variable.

Results

Navicular height was higher immediately after application of the navicular-sling condition (P = .004) but was reduced after 5 minutes of treadmill running (P = .12). We observed no differences from baseline to posttape for navicular height for the low-dye (P = .30) and no-tape conditions (P = .25). Both the low-dye and navicular-sling conditions increased plantar pressures in the lateral midfoot region compared with the no-tape condition. The low-dye condition created decreased pressure in the medial and lateral forefoot regions compared with the no-tape condition. All changes were identified immediately after application and were maintained during running. No changes were noted in plantar pressures for the no-tape condition (P > .05).

Conclusions

Both taping techniques effectively changed plantar pressures in the lateral midfoot, and these changes were sustained throughout the 15 minutes of exercise.
Mineralogy and chemistry of tourmaline in the Woodjam porphyry deposits, British Columbia
Authors: Chapman J B
Published: June 2015

Tourmaline is a common accessory and gangue mineral in a diverse range of hydrothermal ore-forming systems covering a broad spectrum of pressure, temperature and chemical conditions, reflecting tourmaline's wide stability range. Previous studies, dating back into
the 1960s, have shown that tourmaline can very closely track changes in physicochemical conditions within the fluid from which it is precipitated. Tourmaline's refractory and resistant physical properties mean that the mineral is able to preserve this information through numerous subsequent phases
of metamorphism, alteration and weathering; in many cases tourmaline may be the only robust remaining record of original hydrothermal processes. Although tourmaline's utility in mineral exploration has been demonstrated, very few studies have attempted to measure concentrations of the ore metals
themselves. In general, these limitations have been imposed by the common use of EPMA alone to interrogate mineral chemistry at high spatial resolution.
In many porphyry-related deposits of the South American Cordillera, tourmaline occurrences are abundant and extensive, and have attracted much interest for use during mineral deposit exploration. However, owing to various factors including differences in their tectonic settings and magma
chemistries, porphyry-related deposits of the Canadian Cordillera rarely report significant tourmaline among their mineral inventory. Consequently, studies of tourmaline associated with Canadian deposits are limited, and almost no data exist on tourmaline occurrences associated with alkalic or
hybrid alkalic - calc-alkalic systems. In this study we report mineralogical and LA-ICP-MS trace element analyses of tourmaline minerals from within the hybrid alkalic and calc-alkalic Woodjam porphyry Cu-Au deposits of central British Columbia. These minerals display significant variation in both
their major and trace element compositions, reflecting both temporal and spatial evolution of the magmatic- hydrothermal fluids from which the deposit formed. Tourmaline associated with high-temperature potassic alteration has greater schorl (i.e., Fe-rich) component and trace element abundances
characteristic of the core of a porphyry hydrothermal system, while tourmaline recovered in association with distal, lower-temperature, albite-rich alteration has an increased dravitic (i.e., Mg-rich) component and a distinct trace element suite. Tourmaline recovered in intimate association with
chalcopyrite mineralization has a pronounced blue colour and increased copper content. Hence, within the Woodjam and other similar deposits it may be possible to use tourmaline mineralogy and chemistry as a vector to mineralization. In addition, careful analysis of tourmaline recovered from
surficial samples (till, soil, etc.) may provide detailed information on the type and abundance of any concealed mineralized body.
Trace elements and oxygen isotope of quartz from the Nashwaak Granite and dykes, and quartz veins related to the Sisson Brook W-Mo-Cu deposit, west-central New Brunswick
Authors: Zhang W , Lentz D R , McFarlane C R M , Thorne K G
Published: June 2015

The Sisson Brook W-Mo-Cu deposit, situated in west-central New Brunswick, is hosted by Cambro- Ordovician volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Miramichi and Tetagouche groups. These rocks have been intruded by the Early Devonian Howard Peak diorite-gabbro,
Nashwaak Granite, a phaneritic felsic dyke swarm, and a distinctively younger Late Devonian porphyritic felsic dyke. In order to understand the magma evolution history, the textural and geochemical characteristics of quartz phenocrysts from these felsic rocks were analyzed with the aid of
SEM-cathodoluminescence (CL), laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA ICPMS), and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS).
Four intrusive granitic units in the Sisson Brook deposit area: (1) medium-grained, equigranular two-mica granite with brown biotite that is slightly altered to chlorite; (2) biotite- granite with ca. 20 % greenish brown biotite and accessory zircon, apatite, monazite, magnetite, titanite,
sulfide and ilmenite; (3) biotite-granite dykes with similar mineralogical features to the biotite-granite; and (4) porphyry dykes with phenocrysts consisting of approximately 23 % plagioclase, 10 % quartz, 8 % biotite, and 7 % K-feldspar.
Quartz phenocyrsts in two-mica granite and biotite-granite plutonic phases is unzoned indicating that it formed at relatively stable magma chamber. Quartz dissolution textures in the dyke phases might be caused by cooling from 600°C to 300°C at pressure below 1 Kbar. Quartz phenocrysts in
porphyry dyke samples are oscillatory-zoned. With the assumption that the activity of Ti in these magmas is 0.8 (based on the presence of ilmenite rather than rutile), Ti-In-quartz geothermometry indicates that the porphyry dykes formed at a temperature above 675°C, twomica granite and
biotite-granite plutons formed at 600°C to 700°C, and the biotite-granite dykes formed at slightly below 600°C. Higher Ge/Ti ratios reflect greater degrees of magma differentiation. This ratio increases from porpyrhy dykes, two-mica granite and biotite-granite pluton phases to biotite
dykes. The highest Al content of quartz measured in two-mica granite is consistent with the highest aluminium saturation index of its whole rock. The oxygen isotope of quartz is from 8-8.5 perthousand for biotite-granite, 9-10 perthousand for biotite dykes and porphyry dykes, and 10-10.5 perthousand
for the two-mica granites. The later mineralization quartz veins in the dykes have oxygen isotope values between 8.5 perthousand to 9.5 perthousand, indicating the hydrothermal fluids related to the Sisson Brook deposit are dominantly magmatic fluids.
Magmatic mica and its potential as an indicator of magma fertility in the granitoids of New Brunswick
Authors: Azadbakht Z , Lentz D R , McFarlane C R M
Published: June 2015

The mineralized intrusions of New Brunswick are related to crustal growth processes that occurred during Acadian Orogeny, post Acadian uplift, and Neo-Acadian Orogeny. They were emplaced pre-, syn-, late-, and post-tectonically between 423 and 360 Ma. These
intrusions have affinities ranging from primitive to highly evolved A-, S-, and I-types granitoids, and are associated with Sn, Ta, Li, Sb, W, Mo, Cu, and Au, as well as basemetals and U mineralization.
Biotite crystallizes over a wide range of conditions and reacts very sensitively to physiochemical conditions of the magma; this sensitivity makes mica a great mineral for identifying the petrogenetic, mineralization, and alteration processes of the host granitic rocks. The following features make
biotite a valuable probe of magma composition: 1) it is the most important reservoir of any excess aluminium in granites that do not contain modal garnet, cordierite, or the Al2SiO5 polymorphs; therefore, it directly reflects the peraluminosity of the host magma in such rocks; 2) it is the most
readily available indicator of oxidation state; and 3) it can provide information about the F and Cl content of the magma. Mineralized and barren rocks are characterized by different chemical variations in biotite. For instance, mineralized biotite is characterized by lower Mg and Ti contents
relative to biotite from barren rocks; they also have higher amount of Al comparing to biotite from barren phases.
Several studies have shown that biotite, continuously equilibrates with the host liquids. Therefore, core-to-rim study of this mineral and its compositional zoning may provide a record of magma evolution so that the origin and evolution of granitoids can be discerned. Furthermore, the chemical
composition and the colour of this mineral strongly reflects the tectonic origin of its host. For instance, the bright red colour of biotite indicates peraluminous collisional granitic pluton and reflects a high total Fe content with low Fe3+/(Fe2+ + Fe3+) and probably the presence of Ti4+. In part
this study aims to calculate fluoride and chloride activity of aqueous fluids based on F and Cl contents in the minerals containing hydroxyl and halogens determined by combined electron microprobe and LA ICP-MS analysis. The final data will be compared to the whole rock geochemistry. These results
are expected to help constrain crystallization conditions, volatile exsolution and fluorine-chlorine activity of fluids associated with these intrusions.
They should also indicate the degree of subsolidus re-equilibration via various geothermobarometry techniques.
Sn-W-Mo polymetallic behaviour during magmatic evolution of Late Devonian Mount Douglas leucogranites, southwestern New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Mohammadi N , Lentz D R , Thorne K G
Published: June 2015

The Mount Douglas intrusive suite consists of an assemblage of peraluminous leucogranites located along the eastern part of the Saint George Batholith in southwestern New Brunswick, Canada. This late Devonian suite extends from Red Rock Lake to Mount Douglas, and
is interpreted to represent the subvolcanic portion of the Mount Pleasant Sn-W-Mo-Bi-In-Zn deposits. The magmatic systems in the Mount Douglas suite have undergone extreme differentiation producing three distinct phases, including Dmd1, Dmd2, and Dmd3, and are associated with various
granophile-element occurrences, such as Sn, W, and Mo. It seems the three phases might originate from a single source that evolves with increasing fractionation from the earliest unit (Dmd1) to the youngest unit (Dmd3).
Metal behavior during fractional crystallization is one of the most important factors affecting the types of mineral occurrences associated with the Mount Douglas granites. To establish the metal behavior in the Mount Douglas suite, analytical data from Malcolm McLeod's 1990 report was used in this
study. The most incompatible element, Ta, has been selected for defining partition coefficients (D) using the Allegre method. Based on their D values, as expected, Sn with Rb, Y, Nb, LREE [La, Ce, Nd, and Sm], HREE [Tb, Dy, Tm, Yb, and Lu], Pb, Th, and U behave as incompatible elements; showing the
Mount Douglas Granite could be considered for exploration of Sn deposits as previous studies have mentioned. However, W and Mo accompanied with the other elements, such as Li, P, Sc, Ti, Cu, Zn, Sr, Zr, Cs, Ba, Eu, and Hf seem to act as compatible elements during magmatic evolution, although melt -
supercritical fluid evolution can easily affect W, Mo, Cs, and Li abundances. The apparent compatibility of W and Mo is in contrast with the expected results in which they might act as incompatible elements for developing considerable potential for W-Mo deposits. However, W and Mo concentrations
increased with the degree of fractionation and show a significant enrichment in the Mount Douglas granites relative to other granitoid suites in the region; thus their compatibility may be the result of leaching or partitioning out during volatile exsolution, or low pressure fractionation.
Furthermore, very low K/Rb (average 102.7), Nb/Ta (? 6.83), and Zr/Hf (? 35.58) ratios, and high Ti/ Sc (125.3 ?) ratio in Dmd3 compared to Dmd1 possibly reflect significant involvement of extreme low T crystal fractionation or even fluid fractionation in the last-stage magmatic differentiation.
Consequently, although much more analytical data are needed for exact evaluation of the mineral occurrences in the Mount Douglas Granites, Dmd3 as the most highly differentiated phases might be considered a superior candidate for hosting of Sn-W-Mo deposits.
TGI 4: Investigating structural and tectonic controls on Devonian intrusion related mineralisation on the Connaigre Peninsula, Newfoundland
Authors: Rogers N , Ruberti G , Kellett D A , van Staal C R , Hanchar J
Published: June 2015

Targeted Geoscience Initiative 4 (TGI 4) is a 5 year Government of Canada program to help produce the next generation of innovative geoscience knowledge and analytical techniques that will result in more effective targeting of buried mineral deposits. The
Geological Survey of Canada in collaboration with provincial and territorial surveys, industry and academia will conduct thematic, knowledge-driven projects based around ore systems. The thematic nature of TGI 4 means that individual projects are not defined by geographic region, but instead
integrate data and knowledge from multiple sites across Canada, to optimise ore system categorisation.
Intrusion related (e.g., porphyry) deposits are the most important sources for Cu, Mo, W and Sn, along with Au, Ag, and PGEs. Porphyry deposits are large, low- to medium-grade deposits in which mineralisation is hosted within and immediately surrounding distinctive intrusive phases within larger
intrusive complexes that commonly have a complex and prolonged emplacement history. The metallogenic contents of intrusion related deposits are diverse, reflecting a variety of tectonic settings.
The Connaigre Peninsula was selected to study the structural and tectonic controls on the formation of granitoid intrusion-related Sn-W-Mo mineralisation as it contains a variety of supracrustal units plus (apparently) barren and mineralised intrusives within a relatively constrained and accessible
area. The main mineralised zones are related to the ca. 376 Ma Old Woman Stock and ca. 377 Ma phase of the Ackley Granite (Rencontre Lake facies of Tuach, 1987).
The detailed bedrock map of O'Brien (1992) has been simplified to highlight the main lithotectonic packages. Their distributions indicate three distinct tectonic blocks (herein Gander, Deadman's Bight and Wreck Cove blocks) that were amalgamated during the Devonian along major fault zones. The
topographically prominent Hermitage Bay Fault has traditionally been considered to represent the Gander - Avalon boundary in this area. However, the recently obtained Silurian age for the Pass Island Granite indicates against this, as Avalonia (sensu lato) was on the passive margin at that time. In
contrast to the Hermitage Bay Fault, the White Horse - East Bay fault zone, although major break, is obscured by younger sequences and so its exact position is unknown. It is interpreted to be positioned to the north-west of the Cambrian passive margin style sequences of the Young's Cove Group. In
this model the White Horse - East Bay fault zone also separates the Upper Devonian Poole's Cove and Great Bay De L'Eau formations. As these formations: i) occupy approximately the same stratigraphic position; ii) are both red to buff coloured sandstone to boulder conglomeratic sequences; and iii)
both appear to unconformably overlie the likely Lower Devonian Cinq Isles Formation, they are considered as a single map unit for this study.
Diagramas: instrumentos generativos de gran escala
Authors: Paredes Maldonado Miguel
Published: June 2015

Este artículo persigue, por una parte, determinar las características que definen aquellos modos de proyectar apoyados en el empleo de diagramas gráficos con cualidades generativas. Por otra parte, pretende clarificar los aspectos metodológicos relacionados con la inserción de técnicas diagramáticas dentro del ámbito más amplio de los procesos del proyectar arquitectónico. Bajo este marco conceptual, el artículo analiza tres proyectos contemporáneos en los que las técnicas gráficas diagramáticas, apoyadas en el uso de las tecnologías digitales, adquieren un papel protagonista en la definición de ámbitos espaciales de escala urbana.
Pitzhanger Manor, Soane, Gandy y una interpretación
Authors: Martínez Mindeguia Francisco
Published: June 2015

Este artículo es el análisis de un dibujo que Joseph Gandy hizo para John Soane, Su objetivo es desvelar los misterios que plantea y que acaban señalando a Soane sin "nombrarlo" directamente, y a partir de aquí, reflexionar sobre el contenido argumental y escenográfico que el dibujo contiene, más allá de la habilidad técnica de Gandy.
El espacio gótico según Hans Jantzen y la evolución de las vidrieras
Authors: Vallespin Muniesa Aurelio , Agustín Hernández Luis , Cervero Sánchez Noelia
Published: June 2015

A finales del siglo XIII se produjo un cambio en la concepción de los vitrales. De las vidrieras del siglo XII entendidas como retenedoras de luz, es decir cómo superficie mural, se evolucionó a las vidrieras de finales del XIII, entendidas como trasmisoras de luz, es decir como huecos arquitectónicos. Pero este cambio apenas sí se aprecia en el espacio de las catedrales, ya que es atenuado por otras transformaciones de índole arquitectónico. En este artículo vamos a estudiarlo tomando como ejemplo la Catedral de León.
Reflexión sobre la iniciación al proyectar arquitectónico. Metodología para un encadenamiento docente entre el Área de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica y el Área de Proyectos Arquitectónicos
Authors: Raposo Grau Javier Francisco
Published: June 2015

El objetivo principal del artículo es exponer y reflexionar sobre algunas de las experiencias docentes desarrolladas a lo largo de los años, con alumnos a los que se les ha impartido docencia en el Área de EGA y en el Área de Proyectos por los mismos profesores. La experiencia trata de expresar la ligazón existente entre una docencia del proyectar vinculada a la del dibujar, y su escalonamiento docente.

Se hace necesaria una reflexión en la estructuración de la docencia en niveles de aproximación con atenciones concretas, para establecer un correcto escalonamiento docente, de manera que el aprendizaje sea procesual. Cada nivel, que se debe vincular con los anteriores y posteriores, debe cubrir unos determinados referentes de partida, objetivos, competencias, destrezas, y capacidades a superar por los alumnos.
Reflexiones sobre dos dibujos de la Torre de los Escipiones de Tarragona. La paradoja de la conceptualidad del dibujo arqueológico
Authors: Puche Josep M , Macias Josep M , Solà-Morales Pau , Toldrà Josep M
Published: June 2015

La arqueología, la disciplina que permite conocer las sociedades humanas históricas a partir de sus restos materiales, no se puede concebir sin el dibujo.  No hay labor vinculada a ella que no implique una participación activa del dibujo, desde el trabajo de campo hasta la publicación, pasando por los informes técnicos y administrativos. A partir de dos dibujos, uno de Mouliner i el otro del DAI, sobre la Torre dels Escipions de Tarragona, separados en el tiempo y conceptualmente diferentes se realiza una reflexión sobre cual tendría que ser el concepto de bondad del dibujo arqueológico, a que sirve y cual tiene que ser su funcionalidad.
La reconstrucción virtual del patrimonio arquitectónico y su aplicación metodológica
Authors: Piquer-Cases Juan Carlos , Capilla-Tamborero Esther , Molina-Siles Pedro
Published: June 2015

La reconstrucción virtual del patrimonio arquitectónico es una labor fundamentalmente teórica que permite abordar la problemática de la intervención física en conjuntos edilicios en ruinas. La ventaja de esta metodología de trabajo es la de aportar, además de bases de datos gráficas, visualizaciones tridimensionales en un modelo digital arquitectónico.

La gestión del patrimonio por este sistema permite la realización de estudios previos que evalúen la viabilidad de un futuro proyecto de reconstrucción. El carácter virtual del medio proporciona resultados teóricos no invasivos que permitan la adecuada divulgación.

En el presente artículo, además de establecer el marco metodológico, aporta un ejemplo práctico de aplicación sobre la recuperación virtual del Castillo de Al-Munastir.
El dibujo como herramienta de investigación: reconstrucción del viaje temporal de la imagen urbana de Alcalá de Henares
Authors: Echeverría Valiente Ernesto , Celis d'Amico Flavio , Da Casa Martín Fernando
Published: June 2015

A pesar de tener huellas en su trama urbana de los hechos históricos más importantes acaecidos en España en los 2 últimos milenios, entre ellos, ser cuna de una de las primeras universidades de España, existen pocos documentos gráficos que ayuden a conocer como ha sido el viaje en el tiempo de la trama urbana de esta ciudad hasta el siglo XIX cuando aparecen las primeras cartografías de la misma. Esto nos obliga a rellenar estos agujeros usando el dibujo como herramienta que interprete el resto de documentación hasta obtener la evolución temporal de su imagen durante estos últimos siglos.
EGA: Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica. Un análisis bibliométrico tras veinte años de su edición
Authors: Linares García Fernando
Published: June 2015

Han pasado ya veinte años desde que saliera a la luz en 1993 el primer número de EGA: Revista de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica, tiempo suficiente para trazar un balance de su historia y de su contenido académico.
El arco por esquina y rincón en los tratados y manuscritos de cantería del renacimiento hispánico
Authors: García Baño Ricardo , Calvo López José
Published: June 2015

Los arcos en esquina y rincón son un tipo arquitectónico y constructivo peculiar del Renacimiento Español. El artículo presenta una visión transversal de las estrategias propuestas por los tratados y manuscritos para afrontar la apertura de arcos en el encuentro de dos muros, la diversidad de tipologías empleadas y el análisis de sus aspectos geométricos. Se han realizado modelos tridimensionales de piezas significativas que permiten estudiar con detalle las trazas, los procesos de generación de las superficies de intradós, de las juntas entre las dovelas y el planteamiento de cara a la labra. Todo esto muestra el conocimiento geométrico empírico de los maestros de cantería, su capacidad para resolver complejos problemas de estereotomía y la diversidad de los modelos concebidos con la idea común de materializarse en piezas planteadas para su percepción oblicua.
Trasladar desplegables de tijeras (Pérez-Piñero) a contornos libres, ¿ejemplo de competencia gráfica de último nivel formativo?
Authors: González Meca Sandra , Carrasco Hortal José
Published: June 2015

A través de un caso de estudio pre-doctoral sobre planteamientos morfológicos del arquitecto Pérez-Piñero, se pretende iniciar la edición de una serie de trabajos-muestra acerca de cuáles son las destrezas gráficas del estudiante que llega a un Máster y pretende iniciar un Doctorado. Gracias a la colaboración con Félix Candela, Pérez-Piñero diseñó y realizó el proyecto de la vidriera hipercúbica desplegable para el Museo Dalí (Figueres, Girona, 1971) en el cual las láminas de vidrio colaboran en la rigidización de la malla de barras cuyo planteamiento ya se encontraba en la primera patente que realizó para el Teatro Ambulante (Concurso de Londres, 1961).
Este artículo muestra la raíz morfogeométrica de ambos proyectos y ensaya cómo alcanzar contornos libres desde recursos puramente paramétricos, referenciando los resultados tanto a los estudios predoctorales de Sandra González (2014) como a un PFC presentado en la Escuela de Alicante (René Ploch, 2014) en línea con investigaciones recientes en el MIT (Rosenberg 2009).
Spatiotemporal variations of air pollutants (O3, NO2, SO2, CO, PM10, and VOCs) with land-use types
Authors: Yoo J.-M. , Jeong M.-J. , Kim D. , Stockwell W. R. , Yang J.-H. , Shin H.-W. , Lee M.-I. , Song C.-K. , Lee S.-D.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The spatiotemporal variations of surface air pollutants (O3, NO2, SO2, CO, and PM10) with four land-use types: residence (R), commerce (C), industry (I) and greenbelt (G) have been investigated at 283 stations in South Korea during 2002–2013, using routinely observed data. The VOCs data at 9 photochemical pollutant monitoring stations available since 2007 were utilized in order to examine their effect on the ozone chemistry. The land-use types, set by the Korean government, were generally consistent with the satellite-derived land covers and with the previous result showing anti-correlation between O3 and NO2 in diverse urban areas. The relationship between the two pollutants in the Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) residence land-use areas was substantially different from that outside of the SMA, probably due to the local differences in vehicle emissions. The highest concentrations of air pollutants in the diurnal, weekly, and annual cycles were found in industry for SO2 and PM10, in commerce for NO2 and CO, and in greenbelt for O3, respectively. The concentrations of air pollutants, except for O3, were generally higher in big cities during weekdays while O3 showed its peak in suburban areas or small cities during weekends. The weekly cycle and trends of O3 were significantly out of phase with those of NO2, particularly in the residential and commercial areas, suggesting that vehicle emission was a major source in those areas. The ratios of VOCs to NO2 for each of the land-use types were in the order of I (10.2) > C (8.7) > G (3.9) > R (3.6), suggesting that most areas in South Korea were likely to be VOCs-limited for ozone chemistry. The pollutants (NO2, SO2, CO, and PM10) except for O3 have decreased most likely due to the effective government control. The total oxidant values (OX = O3 + NO2) with the land-use types were analyzed for the local and regional (or background) contributions of O3, respectively, and the order of OX (ppb) was C (57.4) > R (53.6) > I (50.7) > G (45.4), indicating the greenbelt observation was close to the background.
simpleGAMMA v1.0 – a reduced model of secondary organic aerosol formation in the aqueous aerosol phase (aaSOA)
Authors: Woo J. L. , McNeill V. F.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. There is increasing evidence that the uptake and aqueous processing of water-soluble volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by wet aerosols or cloud droplets is an important source of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). We recently developed GAMMA (Gas–Aerosol Model for Mechanism Analysis), a zero-dimensional kinetic model that couples gas-phase and detailed aqueous-phase atmospheric chemistry for speciated prediction of SOA and organosulfate formation in cloud water or aqueous aerosols. Results from GAMMA simulations of SOA formation in aerosol water (aaSOA) (McNeill et al., 2012) indicate that it is dominated by two pathways: isoprene epoxydiol (IEPOX) uptake followed by ring-opening chemistry (under low-NOx conditions) and glyoxal uptake. This suggested that it is possible to model the majority of aaSOA mass using a highly simplified reaction scheme. We have therefore developed a reduced version of GAMMA, simpleGAMMA. Close agreement in predicted aaSOA mass is observed between simpleGAMMA and GAMMA under all conditions tested (between pH 1–4 and RH 40–80 %) after 12 h of simulation. simpleGAMMA is computationally efficient and suitable for coupling with larger-scale atmospheric chemistry models or analyzing ambient measurement data.
Laser vision: lidar as a transformative tool to advance critical zone science
Authors: Harpold A. A. , Marshall J. A. , Lyon S. W. , Barnhart T. B. , Fisher B. A. , Donovan M. , Brubaker K. M. , Crosby C. J. , Glenn N. F. , Glennie C. L. , Kirchner P. B. , Lam N. , Mankoff K. D. , McCreight J. L. , Molotch N. P. , Musselman K. N. , Pelletier J. , Russo T. , Sangireddy H. , Sjöberg Y. , Swetnam T. , West N.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Observation and quantification of the Earth's surface is undergoing a revolutionary change due to the increased spatial resolution and extent afforded by light detection and ranging (lidar) technology. As a consequence, lidar-derived information has led to fundamental discoveries within the individual disciplines of geomorphology, hydrology, and ecology. These disciplines form the cornerstones of critical zone (CZ) science, where researchers study how interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere shape and maintain the "zone of life", which extends from the top of unweathered bedrock to the top of the vegetation canopy. Fundamental to CZ science is the development of transdisciplinary theories and tools that transcend disciplines and inform other's work, capture new levels of complexity, and create new intellectual outcomes and spaces. Researchers are just beginning to use lidar data sets to answer synergistic, transdisciplinary questions in CZ science, such as how CZ processes co-evolve over long timescales and interact over shorter timescales to create thresholds, shifts in states and fluxes of water, energy, and carbon. The objective of this review is to elucidate the transformative potential of lidar for CZ science to simultaneously allow for quantification of topographic, vegetative, and hydrological processes. A review of 147 peer-reviewed lidar studies highlights a lack of lidar applications for CZ studies as 38 % of the studies were focused in geomorphology, 18 % in hydrology, 32 % in ecology, and the remaining 12 % had an interdisciplinary focus. A handful of exemplar transdisciplinary studies demonstrate lidar data sets that are well-integrated with other observations can lead to fundamental advances in CZ science, such as identification of feedbacks between hydrological and ecological processes over hillslope scales and the synergistic co-evolution of landscape-scale CZ structure due to interactions amongst carbon, energy, and water cycles. We propose that using lidar to its full potential will require numerous advances, including new and more powerful open-source processing tools, exploiting new lidar acquisition technologies, and improved integration with physically based models and complementary in situ and remote-sensing observations. We provide a 5-year vision that advocates for the expanded use of lidar data sets and highlights subsequent potential to advance the state of CZ science.
The water balance components of undisturbed tropical woodlands in the Brazilian cerrado
Authors: Oliveira P. T. S. , Wendland E. , Nearing M. A. , Scott R. L. , Rosolem R. , da Rocha H. R.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Deforestation of the Brazilian cerrado region has caused major changes in hydrological processes. These changes in water balance components are still poorly understood but are important for making land management decisions in this region. To better understand pre-deforestation conditions, we determined the main components of the water balance for an undisturbed tropical woodland classified as "cerrado sensu stricto denso". We developed an empirical model to estimate actual evapotranspiration (ET) by using flux tower measurements and vegetation conditions inferred from the enhanced vegetation index and reference evapotranspiration. Canopy interception, throughfall, stemflow, surface runoff, and water table level were assessed from ground measurements. We used data from two cerrado sites, Pé de Gigante (PDG) and Instituto Arruda Botelho (IAB). Flux tower data from the PDG site collected from 2001 to 2003 were used to develop the empirical model to estimate ET. The other hydrological processes were measured at the field scale between 2011 and 2014 at the IAB site. The empirical model showed significant agreement (R2 = 0.73) with observed ET at the daily timescale. The average values of estimated ET at the IAB site ranged from 1.91 to 2.60 mm day−1 for the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Canopy interception ranged from 4 to 20 % and stemflow values were approximately 1 % of the gross precipitation. The average runoff coefficient was less than 1 %, while cerrado deforestation has the potential to increase that amount up to 20-fold. As relatively little excess water runs off (either by surface water or groundwater), the water storage may be estimated by the difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration. Our results provide benchmark values of water balance dynamics in the undisturbed cerrado that will be useful to evaluate past and future land-cover and land-use changes for this region.