bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carnegie Supernova Project-II: Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Stripped-envelope Core-collapse Supernovae*
Authors: Shahbandeh M. , Hsiao E. Y. , Ashall C. , Teffs J. , Hoeflich P. , Morrell N. , Phillips M. M. , Anderson J. P. , Baron E. , Burns C. R. , Contreras C. , Davis S. , Diamond T. R. , Folatelli G. , Galbany L. , Gall C. , Hachinger S. , Holmbo S. , Karamehmetoglu E. , Kasliwal M. M. , Kirshner R. P. , Krisciunas K. , Kumar S. , Lu J. , Marion G. H. , Mazzali P. A. , Piro A. L. , Sand D. J. , Stritzinger M. D. , Suntzeff N. B. , Taddia F. , Uddin S. A.
Published: February 2022

We present 75 near-infrared (NIR; 0.8−2.5 μm) spectra of 34 stripped-envelope core-collapse supernovae (SESNe) obtained by the Carnegie Supernova Project-II (CSP-II), encompassing optical spectroscopic Types IIb, Ib, Ic, and Ic-BL. The spectra range in phase from pre-maximum to 80 days past maximum. This unique data set constitutes the largest NIR spectroscopic sample of SESNe to date. NIR spectroscopy provides observables with additional information that is not available in the optical. Specifically, the NIR contains the strong lines of He i and allows a more detailed look at whether Type Ic supernovae are completely stripped of their outer He layer. The NIR spectra of SESNe have broad similarities, but closer examination through statistical means reveals a strong dichotomy between NIR “He-rich” and “He-poor” SNe. These NIR subgroups correspond almost perfectly to the optical IIb/Ib and Ic/Ic-BL types, respectively. The largest difference between the two groups is observed in the 2 μm region, near the He i
λ2.0581 μm line. The division between the two groups is not an arbitrary one along a continuous sequence. Early spectra of He-rich SESNe show much stronger He i
λ2.0581 μm absorption compared to the He-poor group, but with a wide range of profile shapes. The same line also provides evidence for trace amounts of He in half of our SNe in the He-poor group.
New Constraints on the Future Evaporation of the Young Exoplanets in the V1298 Tau System
Authors: Maggio A. , Locci D. , Pillitteri I. , Benatti S. , Claudi R. , Desidera S. , Micela G. , Damasso M. , Sozzetti A. , Suarez Mascareño A.
Published: February 2022

Transiting planets at young ages are key targets for improving our understanding of the evolution of exo-atmospheres. We present results of a new X-ray observation of V 1298 Tau with XMM-Newton, aimed to determine more accurately the high-energy irradiation of the four planets orbiting this pre-main-sequence star, and the possible variability due to magnetic activity on short and long timescales. Following the first measurements of planetary masses in the V 1298 Tau system, we revise early guesses of the current escape rates from the planetary atmospheres, employing our updated atmospheric evaporation models to predict the future evolution of the system. Contrary to previous expectations, we find that the two outer Jupiter-sized planets will not be affected by any evaporation on Gyr timescales, and the same occurs for the two smaller inner planets, unless their true masses are lower than ∼40 M
⊕. These results confirm that relatively massive planets can reach their final position in the mass–radius diagram very early in their evolutionary history.
The Extent, Nature, and Origin of K and Rb Depletions and Isotopic Fractionations in Earth, the Moon, and Other Planetary Bodies
Authors: Dauphas Nicolas , Nie Nicole X. , Blanchard Marc , Zhang Zhe J. , Zeng Hao , Hu Justin Y. , Meheut Merlin , Visscher Channon , Canup Robin , Hopp Timo
Published: February 2022

Moderately volatile elements (MVEs) are depleted and isotopically fractionated in the Moon relative to Earth. To understand how the composition of the Moon was established, we calculate the equilibrium and kinetic isotopic fractionation factors associated with evaporation and condensation processes. We also reassess the levels of depletions of K and Rb in planetary bodies. Highly incompatible element ratios are often assumed to be minimally affected by magmatic processes, but we show that this view is not fully warranted, and we develop approaches to mitigate this issue. The K/U weight ratios of Earth and the Moon are estimated to be 9704 and 2448, respectively. The 87Rb/86Sr atomic ratios of Earth and the Moon are estimated to be 0.072 5 and 0.015 4, respectively. We show that the depletions and heavy isotopic compositions of most MVEs in the Moon are best explained by evaporation in 99%-saturated vapor. At 99% saturation in the protolunar disk, Na and K would have been depleted to levels like those encountered in the Moon on timescales of ∼40–400 days at 3500–4500 K, which agrees with model expectations. In contrast, at the same saturation but a temperature of 1600–1800 K relevant to hydrodynamic escape from the lunar magma ocean, Na and K depletions would have taken 0.1–103 Myr, which far exceeds the 1000 yr time span until plagioclase flotation hinders evaporation from the magma ocean. We conclude that the protolunar disk is a much more likely setting for the depletion of MVEs than the lunar magma ocean.
Analysis of Four-band WISE Observations of Asteroids
Authors: Myhrvold Nathan , Pinchuk Pavlo , Margot Jean-Luc
Published: February 2022

We analyzed 82,548 carefully curated observations of 4420 asteroids with Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) four-band data to produce estimates of diameters and infrared emissivities. We also used these diameter values in conjunction with absolute visual magnitudes to infer estimates of visible-band geometric albedos. We provide solutions to 131 asteroids not analyzed by the NEOWISE team and to 1778 asteroids not analyzed with four-band data by the NEOWISE team. Our process differs from the NEOWISE analysis in that it uses an accurate solar flux, integrates the flux with actual bandpass responses, obeys Kirchhoff’s law, and does not force emissivity values in all four bands to an arbitrary value of 0.9. We used a regularized model-fitting algorithm that yields improved fits to the data. Our results more closely match stellar-occultation diameter estimates than the NEOWISE results by a factor of ∼2. Using 24 high-quality stellar-occultation results as a benchmark, we found that the median error of four-infrared-band diameter estimates in a carefully curated data set is 9.3%. Our results also suggest the presence of a size-dependent bias in the NEOWISE diameter estimates, which may pollute estimates of asteroid size distributions and slightly inflate impact-hazard risk calculations. For more than 90% of asteroids in this sample, the primary source of error on the albedo estimate is the error on absolute visual magnitude.
The Experience of Stigma in Nurses on the Early Spread of the COVID-19
Authors: Wardani Ice Yulia , Fitriani Nurlaila , Susanti Herni , Nasution Riska Amalya , Nugraha M. Akbar
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Nurses are at the forefront of handling the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and have a significant risk in handling the disease. The rapid transmission of the virus causes nurses to experience various mental health problems and stigma in performing their duties.

AIM: This study explored mental health conditions and the stigma of nurses at the forefront of handling the COVID-19.

METHODS: This research was a qualitative study with 17 nurses serving in hospitals and health centers in various provinces in Indonesia. The data analysis of this research employed a descriptive analysis technique.

RESULTS: The data analysis revealed four themes: Nurses carrying out their duties as a professional call, psychological and physical responses as a reaction to work stress, stigma due to running a profession, and social support as a reinforcement for carrying out their duties.

CONCLUSION: This study concludes that nurses require protection and guarantees for the work risk and the stigma consequences from the community.
The Effect of Various Training on the Expression of the 5’amp-Activated Protein Kinase Α2 and Glucose Transporter - 4 in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Rat
Authors: Rahmi Rahmi , Machrina Yetty , Yamamoto Zulham
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND: Exercise is the main pillar in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) management. The mechanism of glucose uptake mediated by exercise is different from insulin, and this mechanism is not disturbed in T2DM. One of the mechanisms is through the activation of 5’AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK also regulates the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) expression. Effect various types of exercise to AMPK α2 and GLUT-4 of the skeletal muscle still limited.

AIM: This study aims to determine the effect of various physical training on the expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4 in skeletal muscle of T2DM rats.

METHODS: This study used stored skeletal muscles of 25 T2DM Wistar rats. Previously, the rats were divided into groups of K1 (control, not given exercise), K2 (moderate continuous training), K3 (severe continuous training), K4 (slow interval training), and K5 (fast interval training). Running on a treadmill frequency 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The relative expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4 were assessed using Real Time-PCR and were compared among the groups using the Livak formula.

RESULTS: Moderate intensity continuous training increased Ampk α2 and Glut 4 expression by 1.45 and 2.39 times, respectively. Severe intensity continuous training increased the expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4 by 1.55 and 2.56 times, respectively. Slow interval training increased the expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4 by 4.41 and 3.76 times, respectively. The expression of Ampk α2 and Glut4 in fast interval training was 4.56 and 4.79 times more than control.

CONCLUSION: Continuous and interval training increase Ampk α2 and Glut 4 expression. The fast interval training showed the highest expression of Ampk α2 and Glut 4.
Cutoff Value of the Numbers of Anaplastic Cytological Features Present in Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Bone Tumors to Predict Malignancy
Authors: Norahmawati Eviana , Rahmadiani Nayla , Rakhmani Alidha , Regita Amanda Novia
Published: February 2022

Bone neoplasms are rarely found; however, they usually occur in young patients. It is imperative to diagnose these conditions promptly and accurately, as patient’s outcomes also depend on timely and appropriate treatments. Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) is increasingly utilized as a method of establishing preoperative diagnosis of bone tumors because it is less invasive, rapid, and cost-effective. This study aims to determine the diagnostic value of the presence of certain cytological features in FNAB for bone tumors, evaluate cytological features to differentiate between benign and malignant bone tumors, and determine the cut-off point of the presence of certain cytological features of FNAB in bone tumors. This study is an analytical cross-sectional study to 35 bone tumor cases which underwent FNAB and subsequent histopathological examination from January 2014 – December 2017 in the Department of Anatomic Pathology of Saiful Anwar General Hospital. Diagnostic value testing was performed using 2x2 table and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of FNAB by evaluating cytological features of anaplasia in differentiating between benign and malignant bone tumors in comparation to histopathological examination. The result revealed that the presence of >4 cytological features of anaplasia without the presence of clinicoradiological data yield 81.82% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% positive predictive value, 76.47% negative predictive value, and 88.57% accuracy. In conclusion, cytological features of anaplasia could become a reliable predictor in determining benignity and malignancy of bone tumors especially in cases where clinicoradiological data are insufficient.
Xenia konohana sp. nov. (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Alcyonacea), a new soft coral species in the family Xeniidae from Miyazaki, Japan
Authors: Koido Tatsuki , Imahara Yukimitsu , Fukami Hironobu
Published: February 2022

A new soft coral species, Xenia konohanasp. nov. (Alcyonacea, Xeniidae), is described from Miyazaki in the warm-temperate region of Japan. This new species has conspicuous and unique spindle sclerites in addition to the simple ellipsoid platelet-shaped sclerites typically found in the genus Xenia. These unique spindles are a specific key morphological characteristic for this new species and for differentiating this species among congeneric species.
When Does Delegating Make You a Supervisor?
Authors: Matthews Jennifer
Published: February 2022

An important aspect of the professional nurse role is that of delegating certain activities to others. In 1935 the United States (U.S.) Congress enacted the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA), and the associated National Labor Relations Board (NLRB), to protect the rights of employees and employers and to encourage collective bargaining in industrial settings. In 1947 the Act was amended to exclude supervisors from the definition of “employees” for the purposes of collective bargaining. In 1974 Congress provided for collective bargaining for various professional personnel, including staff nurses in all work settings. Nursing supervisors, because they were supervisors, were excluded from collective bargaining. Over subsequent years the definition of a nursing supervisor has been debated in courts of law. These debates have implications for nurses who practice in agencies that have collective bargaining units. This article considers the NLRA and NLRB activities related to delegation in nursing by reviewing the history of the NLRA and NLRB; defining key terms; presenting the various interpretations, rulings, and decisions of the NLRB; and providing a summary of recent decisions related to workplace supervisory practices. Delegation-related activities of the U.S. Executive Branch and activities of professional nursing organizations are described. Nursing implications of these laws, rulings, and interpretations are addressed.
Delegation in Long-Term Care: Scope of Practice or Job Description?
Authors: Corazzini Kirsten , Anderson Ruth , Rapp Carla , Mueller Christine , McConnell Eleanor , Lekan Deborah
Published: February 2022

This article presents a qualitative, descriptive study of how registered nurses (RNs) (N=33) in leadership roles in institutional, long-term care settings delegate care. Findings from this study include both the strategies and processes these nurses used for delegating care and also their perceptions of barriers to effective delegation and potential benefits of delegation. Nurses reported two key approaches to delegation, including the “follow the job description” approach, which emphasized adherence to facility-level roles and job descriptions, and the “consider the scope of practice” approach, which emphasized consideration of multiple aspects of scope of practice and licensure along with the context of care. While the former approach resulted in more clarity and certainty for the RN, the latter facilitated a focus on quality of resident-care outcomes as linked to the delegation process. Perceived barriers to effective delegation were comparable among RNs using either approach to delegation, and almost all RNs could describe benefits of delegation for long-term care. Future directions regarding delegation in long-term care settings are disclosed.
Delegation in the School Setting: Is it a Safe Practice?
Authors: Resha Cheryl
Published: February 2022

Delegation of nursing tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAPs) in school settings continues to be a necessary, yet challenging practice. Although the practice of delegation to UAPs in schools, as in other healthcare settings, is necessary due to limited resources and increasing healthcare needs, it remains essential to provide students with healthcare that is safe and high in quality. Therefore, school nurses must understand delegation decisions and processes and develop the skills necessary to train and supervise UAPs. This article will discuss the need for delegation; the factors necessary for safe delegation; the benefits and challenges associated with delegation; and the implications of delegation for practice in school settings, including policy development, the rights of delegation, education for delegation, and the building of relationships that support delegation.
Three Obscure Assyrian Reliefs and their Inscription
Authors: Howard J. Caleb
Published: February 2022

Cet article présente la première édition complète d’une inscription royale d’Assurnasirpal II (883-859 av. J.-C.) qui est incisée sur trois reliefs assyriens. Il contient une translittération composite, une traduction et une partition des trois exemplaires de cette inscription royale, ainsi que des commentaires philologiques, une investigation sur ses caractéristiques de composition et une tentative de retrouver le contexte principal des reliefs sur lesquels elle est incisée.
L'Europe, un continent d'immigration malgré lui
Authors: Wihtol de Wenden Catherine
Published: February 2022

Résumé Devenue l’une des premières destinations pour l’immigration, l’Europe est aux prises avec des impératifs contradictoires, entre une opinion gagnée par le syndrome sécuritaire et les défis de l’ethnicisation de la pauvreté.
L'exobiologie : de l'origine de la vie à la vie dans l'Univers
Authors: Brack André
Published: February 2022

L’existence d’une vie au-delà de la Terre ne cesse d’alimenter la littérature de science-fiction. Les remarquables progrès réalisés dans la connaissance du vivant, le perfectionnement des instruments d’observation dont disposent les astronomes et les missions d’exploration du système solaire permettent d’aborder la recherche de vie extraterrestre de manière scientifique, passant ainsi de la pensée purement intuitive à l’observation.
Fusionner des institutions malgré les groupes professionnels ?
Authors: Pillon Jean-Marie , Sigalo Santos Luc
Published: February 2022

Dans un contexte de réorganisations politico-administratives, Pôle emploi a été créé en 2008 par la fusion des Assedic et de l’ANPE, respectivement chargées de l’indemnisation des chômeurs et de leur placement. Fondé sur deux enquêtes ethnographiques, cet article analyse les enjeux de la mise en œuvre d’une telle réorganisation, par-delà les mots d’ordre réformateurs initiaux. Il montre comment la fusion reconfigure les groupes professionnels, du double point du vue des pratiques de travail et des rapports hiérarchiques associés. La fusion complexifie le travail des agents de terrain, qui doivent assumer l’orientation coercitive de la réforme. Mais, certains groupes de cadres y voient une opportunité professionnelle : en promouvant leur conception managériale de la rationalisation bureaucratique, ils reconquièrent des marges de pouvoir institutionnel.
La sociologie cognitive aux États-Unis : un entretien avec Omar Lizardo
Authors: Lizardo Omar
Published: February 2022

Aux États-Unis, une sociologie cognitive s’est récemment développée, dans le sillage de la sociologie culturelle, et plus particulièrement du courant « Culture and Cognition ». Omar Lizardo, sociologue à l’Université de Californie à Los Angeles, revient sur ces développements scientifiques, auxquels il a directement contribué. C’est pour lui l’occasion de réfléchir aux logiques de construction d’objet en sciences sociales, aux liens entre (neuro)psychologie et sociologie, ainsi qu’aux façons de penser et de mesurer l’incorporation de dispositions cognitives.
Les inconséquences du relativisme
Authors: Cambier Alain
Published: February 2022

La tentation relativiste n’est pas seulement un fait de notre société postmoderne. Elle a traversé la philosophie contemporaine, au point que certains de ses représentants se sont faits les négateurs de la valeur de vérité et ont contribué à la propagation actuelle de la post-vérité. Même si le relativisme radical est autoréfutant, le succès de ses avatars philosophiques contemporains interpelle. Car le refus de tout critère objectif pour nous orienter dans l’existence ne peut conduire qu’à un nihilisme cognitif et éthique.
Misère du relativisme et progrès dans les sciences sociales
Authors: Lahire Bernard
Published: February 2022

Depuis plusieurs décennies, les chercheurs en sciences sociales se sont très largement engagés dans la voie du nominalisme épistémologique, allant jusqu’à nier l’existence d’une réalité sociale objective, indépendante de toute observation, de toute description ou de toute interprétation. Une telle attitude contribue à démobiliser collectivement les chercheurs qui pensent que la pluralité théorique est irréductible, qu’aucune synthèse intégratrice ni aucune cumulativité scientifique ne sont atteignables, et que l’idée de dégager des lois, des principes ou des invariants concernant le monde social est une folie positiviste d’un autre âge. C’est de ce relativisme et de ce manque général d’ambition que nous devons désormais sortir.
Recherches sur l’éducation : éviter les tentations relativistes
Authors: Bonnéry Stéphane
Published: February 2022

Les recherches sur l’éducation gagnent à se garder aussi bien des tentations néopositivistes que des tentations relativistes. L’article expose quelques-unes de leurs traductions et certains problèmes qu’elles posent à l’avancée des connaissances comme à leur diffusion aux enseignants.
Considérations historico-mille-feuille indigeste. À propos de l’Acte III contemporaines sur un de la décentralisation
Authors: Mergey Anthony
Published: February 2022

Projet de loi déposé le 18 juin 2014, relatif à la délimitation des régions, aux élections régionales et départementales et modifiant le calendrier électoral, exposé des motifs : « Le présent projet de loi se fonde sur la nécessité d’améliorer la gouvernance territoriale ainsi que l’efficacité et l’efficience des politiques publiques mises en œuvre dans les territoires. Cette volonté se traduit par un renforcement de l’échelon régional en clarifiant les compétences des régions mais aussi en donnant à ces dernières une taille critique sur le plan géographique, démographique et économique. Ainsi ce projet de loi redéfinit la délimitation des régions actuelles et en tire les conséquences sur le plan électoral »
Croix, crèche et crucifix. La République laïque contre les symboles chrétiens ?
Authors: Dounot Cyrille
Published: February 2022

CE, ass., 9 nov. 2016, Commune de Melun, nº395122 et CE, ass., 9 nov. 2016, Fédération de la libre pensée de Vendée, nº 395223 : «  4. Une crèche de Noël est une représentation susceptible de revêtir une pluralité de significations. Il s’agit en effet d’une scène qui fait partie de l’iconographie chrétienne et qui, par là, présente un caractère religieux. Mais il s’agit aussi d’un élément faisant partie des décorations et illustrations qui accompagnent traditionnellement, sans signification religieuse particulière, les fêtes de fin d’année. 5. Eu égard à cette pluralité de significations, l’installation d’une crèche de Noël, à titre temporaire, à l’initiative d’une personne publique, dans un emplacement public, n’est légalement possible que lorsqu’elle présente un caractère culturel, artistique ou festif, sans exprimer la reconnaissance d’un culte ou marquer une préférence religieuse. Pour porter cette dernière appréciation, il y a lieu de tenir compte non seulement du contexte, qui doit être dépourvu de tout élément de prosélytisme, des conditions particulières de cette installation, de l’existence ou de l’absence d’usages locaux, mais aussi du lieu de cette installation. À cet égard, la situation est différente, selon qu’il s’agit d’un bâtiment public, siège d’une collectivité publique ou d’un service public, ou d’un autre emplacement public  »
Pour une désolennisation du testament authentique
Authors: Laurent-Bonne Nicolas
Published: February 2022

L. Josserand, « La “désolennisation du testament” », D. 1932, p.73 : « La répudiation progressive du formalisme est assurément une des caractéristiques maîtresses du droit moderne et surtout du droit contemporain : l’histoire des formes des actes juridiques se ramène à une abolition continue. Si on a pu relever certaines renaissances du formalisme, c’est surtout en confondant règles de forme et régime de publicité : entre les parties, et réserve faite du rayonnement de l’acte à l’égard des tiers, réserve faite aussi des difficultés de preuve, la tendance dominante est de faire produire effet au seul consentement, nudus consensus, sans le mettre en tutelle, sans le contraindre à revêtir une armure ; l’acte formel a cédé la place à l’acte consensuel, et ainsi le droit, libéré des contraintes qui pesèrent sur lui pendant longtemps, s’est idéalisé en même temps qu’il voyait s’élever son coefficient de praticabilité »
Pour une distinction entre la servitude d’utilité publique en tréfonds et l’infrastructure de transport
Authors: Faivre-Faucompré Rémi
Published: February 2022

Loi nº 2015-992 du 17 août 2015 relative à la transition énergétique pour la croissance verte (1), art. 52, V : V. – Le titre I er du livre I er de la deuxième partie du code des transports est complété par un chapitre III ainsi rédigé : “Chapitre III Servitudes en tréfonds Art. L. 2113-1. – Le maître d’ouvrage d’une infrastructure souterraine de transport public ferroviaire ou guidé déclarée d’utilité publique, ou la personne agissant pour son compte, peut demander à tout moment à l’autorité administrative compétente d’établir une servitude d’utilité publique en tréfonds. La servitude en tréfonds confère à son bénéficiaire le droit d’occuper le volume en sous-sol nécessaire à l’établissement, à l’aménagement, à l’exploitation et à l’entretien de l’infrastructure souterraine de transport. Elle oblige les propriétaires et les titulaires de droits réels concernés à s’abstenir de tout fait de nature à nuire au bon fonctionnement, à l’entretien et à la conservation de l’ouvrage. La servitude en tréfonds ne peut être établie qu’à partir de quinze mètres au-dessous du point le plus bas du terrain naturel, sous réserve du caractère supportable de la gêne occasionnée. La servitude est établie, par décision de l’autorité administrative compétente, dans les conditions fixées aux articles L. 2113-2 à L. 2113-5”.
Essai sur la dynamique du droit de l’Union économique et monétaire
Authors: Blanc François
Published: February 2022

Traité sur le fonctionnement de l’Union européenne, art. 119 : 1. Aux fins énoncées à l’article 3 du traité sur l’Union européenne, l’action des États membres et de l’Union comporte, dans les conditions prévues par les traités, l’instauration d’une politique économique fondée sur l’étroite coordination des politiques économiques des États membres, sur le marché intérieur et sur la définition d’objectifs communs, et conduite conformément au respect du principe d’une économie de marché ouverte où la concurrence est libre. 2. Parallèlement, dans les conditions et selon les procédures prévues par les traités, cette action comporte une monnaie unique, l’euro, ainsi que la définition et la conduite d’une politique monétaire et d’une politique de change uniques dont l’objectif principal est de maintenir la stabilité des prix et, sans préjudice de cet objectif, de soutenir les politiques économiques générales dans l’Union, conformément au principe d’une économie de marché ouverte où la concurrence est libre. 3. Cette action des États membres et de l’Union implique le respect des principes directeurs suivants : prix stables, finances publiques et conditions monétaires saines et balance des paiements stable.
Autour des « missions » des sociétés commerciales
Authors: Brunori Luisa
Published: February 2022

Code de commerce, article L 210-10 (loi nº 2019-486 du 22 mai 2019, art. 176) : « Une société peut faire publiquement état de la qualité de société à mission lorsque les conditions suivantes sont respectées : 1º Ses statuts précisent une raison d’être, au sens de l’article 1835 du code civil ; 2º Ses statuts précisent un ou plusieurs objectifs sociaux et environnementaux que la société se donne pour mission de poursuivre dans le cadre de son activité ; 3º Ses statuts précisent les modalités du suivi de l’exécution de la mission mentionnée au 2º. Ces modalités prévoient qu’un comité de mission, distinct des organes sociaux prévus par le présent livre et devant comporter au moins un salarié, est chargé exclusivement de ce suivi et présente annuellement un rapport joint au rapport de gestion, mentionné à l’article L. 232-1 du présent code, à l’assemblée chargée de l’approbation des comptes de la société. Ce comité procède à toute vérification qu’il juge opportune et se fait communiquer tout document nécessaire au suivi de l’exécution de la mission ; 4º L’exécution des objectifs sociaux et environnementaux mentionnés au 2º fait l’objet d’une vérification par un organisme tiers indépendant, selon des modalités et une publicité définies par décret en Conseil d’État. Cette vérification donne lieu à un avis joint au rapport mentionné au 3º ; 5° La société déclare sa qualité de société à mission au greffier du tribunal de commerce, qui la publie, sous réserve de la conformité de ses statuts aux conditions mentionnées aux 1° à 3°, au registre du commerce et des sociétés, dans des conditions précisées par décret en Conseil d’État ». — Code civil, article 1833 (loi nº 2019-486 du 22 mai 2019, art. 169) : « La société est gérée dans son intérêt social et en prenant en considération les enjeux sociaux et environnementaux de son activité ». — Code civil, article 1835 (loi nº 2019-486 du 22 mai 2019, art. 169) : « Les statuts doivent être établis par écrit. Ils déterminent, outre les apports de chaque associé, la forme, l’objet, l’appellation, le siège social, le capital social, la durée de la société et les modalités de son fonctionnement. Les statuts peuvent préciser une raison d’être, constituée des principes dont la société se dote et pour le respect desquels elle entend affecter des moyens dans la réalisation de son activité ».
Les longues peines, maillon faible des réformes de la justice ? L’exemple de la loi du 23 mars 2019
Authors: Derasse Nicolas
Published: February 2022

Loi nº 2019-222 du 23 mars 2019 de programmation 2018-2022 et de réforme pour la justice, rapport annexé, point 4. 1. « Renforcer l’efficacité des peines », extraits ( JORF nº 71 du 24 mars 2019) : Un double objectif doit être poursuivi : assurer le prononcé de peines efficaces et adaptées aux infractions sanctionnées et garantir leur exécution effective. Ce double objectif est, cependant, loin d’être atteint aujourd’hui. Près de 90000 peines prononcées sont des courtes peines d’emprisonnement, de moins de six mois. Elles ne permettent pas un réel travail de prévention de la récidive. En leur sein, près de 10000 sont d’une durée inférieure ou égale à un mois. Elles se révèlent particulièrement désocialisantes. Cette inefficacité est renforcée par la situation actuelle de surpopulation carcérale qui atteint, en moyenne, 140 % dans les maisons d’arrêt. La présente loi propose une refondation puissante de l’économie du dispositif de sanction et de l’échelle des peines. L’objectif est de rendre effective l’incarcération dès lors que la peine de prison est retenue et de développer les alternatives à cette même incarcération lorsque d’autres solutions s’avèrent préférables en vue de prévenir la récidive, particulièrement pour les courtes peines. La mise en œuvre de cette politique pénale refondée est, en conséquence, prise en compte dans le programme immobilier nécessaire pour garantir que l’objectif d’encellulement individuel soit atteint.
L’île de la coutume face au mixed legal system : l’affrontement entre droit sécrété et droit décrété autour du contrat à Jersey
Authors: Araguas Emmanuel
Published: February 2022

Supply of goods and services (Jersey) Law 2009 – revised edition (2019) : A law to set out formalities and rights in relation to the supply of goods and services ; and for related purposes.
Similar Complication Rates for Humeral Shaft Fractures Treated With Humeral Nails Versus Open Reduction and Internal Fixation With Plating
Authors: Flick Travis R. , Wang Cindy X. , Lee Olivia C. , Savoie Felix H. , Sherman William F.
Published: February 2022

Humeral shaft fractures account for an estimated 3% of all adult fractures. When operative treatment is indicated, intramedullary (IM) nailing and open reduction and internal fixation with plating are the 2 most common techniques. Early IM nails were associated with poor outcomes, but with advancements in nail design, patient outcomes have been improving with this technique. This study used a nationwide database to quantify and compare the rates of postoperative complications between IM nails and plating for humeral shaft fractures in a national population. An administrative database was queried from the beginning of 2010 to the second quarter of 2017 for patients undergoing IM nailing vs open reduction and internal fixation with a plate for humeral shaft fractures. Systemic complications, fracture complications, and mean prescribed morphine milligram equivalents were collected and compared with statistical analysis. The overall rate of complications was high for both IM nailing (30.8%) and plating (34.2%). Patients were at greater risk for radial nerve palsy and infection at 90 days, 6 months, and 1 year if they received plate fixation (
P
<.05). The plate cohort had a lower risk of rotator cuff repair for all periods (
P
<.05). Patients in the IM nail cohort had higher rates of hardware removal for all periods (
P
<.05). Both IM nails and plates have overall similar rates of complications, and either can be used for humeral shaft fractures, based on surgeon preference, skill, and consideration of minor differences in complications between these 2 treatments. [
Orthopedics
. 2022;45(3):156–162.]
Discontinuation and the Intention to Reenroll in Undergraduate Nursing Education
Authors: Jane Cipher Daisha , Urban Regina Wilder
Published: February 2022

Background:

This study sought to identify demographic, personal, and emotional characteristics of undergraduate nursing students who have discontinued their program and determine predictors of their intention to reenroll.

Method:

Students who discontinued from a prelicensure BSN or RN-to-BSN program were invited to participate in this study. Survey data collected included factors associated with the decision to discontinue, ratings of emotional distress, and intentions for the future.

Results:

Respondents reported moderate levels of emotional distress at the time of discontinuation and cited many factors as reasons. Most (53.5%) reported an intention to reenroll in the same program. Predictors of intention to reenroll were gender, race, state of residency, happiness, hopefulness, anger, financial status, and employment responsibilities.

Conclusion:

Understanding factors that may contribute to discontinuing a nursing program can assist in developing strategies for student success. Identifying personal, emotional, and situational variables that influence undergraduate nursing education persistence requires further research.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(2):97–100.]
The Use of Home Language(s) in Increasingly Linguistically-Diverse EAL Classrooms in Norway
Authors: Neokleous Georgios , Ofte Ingunn , Sylte Tor
Published: February 2022

English as an additional language (EAL) classrooms are becoming increasingly culturally and linguistically diverse. As students along with their teachers no longer seem to share a common language, they are encouraged to adopt a bilingual approach to teaching with the home language (HL) assuming a more prominent role. The purpose of this chapter is to broaden the research lens on HL use in increasingly linguistically diverse EAL classrooms by eliciting the views of in- but also pre-service EAL teachers in adopting a multilingual approach to teaching. The objective is to address the following questions: 1) What do pre- and in-service EAL teachers think of the use of the HL? 2) When do teachers think the HL should be used? 3) How do EAL teachers address the presence of different HLs in the classroom? 4) In what ways could teacher-training programs prepare teachers to work with multilingual students?
Challenges to the Implementation of English as Medium of Instruction in a Technological University
Authors: Horbacauskiene Jolita
Published: February 2022

This study on English as means of instruction (EMI) implementation possible barriers affirms the statement that teacher cognition needs to be studied in context since there are considerable differences in how EMI is implemented and experienced by teachers, even though the aspect of internationalisation is highlighted on the top level of university management. The results may be acknowledged to be in line with the previous studies as EMI is considered a complex phenomenon encompassing student proficiency in the language of instruction, change in teaching and learning environments and methodologies, as well as teacher attitudes towards EMI. Students, on the other hand, highlight as the most important factor in the fluent communication in a particular discipline and a clear and precise content transference.
The Relevance of Immigrant Teachers' Experiences to Developing Professional Identity during a Teacher Requalification Program in Norway
Authors: Røed Dag Freddy , Tkachenko Elena
Published: February 2022

As a result of increasing immigration to Norway and other European countries, many higher education institutions see a need to customize their educational programs or establish requalification programs for immigrants with professional backgrounds from their home country. This chapter explores how immigrant teachers in requalification programs in Norway relate their prior professional experience to developing their professional identity in the requalification process for becoming teachers in a new country. This study shows that although the immigrant teachers' prior experiences come from school systems that differ significantly from the Norwegian system, their ideological beliefs and values seem to be compatible with the values rooted in the Norwegian school system. With respect to the theoretical concepts of boundary crossing and transformative learning, we identify potentially critical content that should be emphasized in the curricula for requalification programs for teachers.
Making Sense of Infusing Linguistic Diversity Content into Teacher Education Course
Authors: Liu Mengfei
Published: February 2022

Teacher education serves as a crucial phase and component to address the issue and challenge of unpreparedness of mainstream teachers to work with the growing number of students from diverse backgrounds in the classrooms. This chapter presents the experience and perspective of a teacher educator who taught a teacher preparation course in the area of school psychology and was required to infuse English language learner (ELL) content in the course. The work focuses on the teacher educator's sense making of infusing the content based on her own personal and professional experiences and beliefs. Findings highlight the important role of personal experiences and beliefs and the active position of general education teacher educators in preparing teachers for culturally and linguistically diverse learners. Implications for professional development are also discussed.
The Role of Governance in Solving the Problems of SMEs
Authors: Kumar Rishi Kant , Dubey Amlendu Kumar
Published: February 2022

Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) face various challenges such as lack of resources, finance, networking capability. Many of the constraints could be mitigated with the help of proper governance in the SMEs. Many articles have explored the challenges faced by SMEs and how this challenge could be mitigated with the help of proper governance. However, very few studies have summarized the influence of governance in solving the problems of SMEs in one place. So, a systematic literature review has been made to find the role of governance in solving the problems of SMEs. As SMEs are the pillar of economic development for a country, their problems and solutions in one document could help practitioners and academician research and development further in this area. Our findings suggest that governance may influence the problems associated with corporate networking, finance, cross-cultural interactions of SMEs.
Effective Implementation of Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) in Government Schemes/Programs of Selected Sectors Using Soft Computing
Authors: Chanda Mriganka Mohan , Banerjee Neelotpaul , Bandyopadhyay Gautam
Published: February 2022

Soft Computing (SC) technique consisting of several fields of Artificial Intelligence namely, Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), Fuzzy Logic (FL), Genetic Algorithms (GA), Machine Learning (ML) and Probabilistic Reasoning (PR) is a new paradigm in computing based on a creative mix of comparatively newer computing techniques. Here, we have taken into consideration several important schemes/ programs of selected sectors pertaining to different Central Ministries/ Departments of Government of India and observed that proper Knowledge Management System (KMS) can be developed and implemented in such cases using ANN based soft computing input output model as an effective tool for the same. Further, we have analyzed how various input and output parameters (both physical and financial) associated with each such selected scheme/ program are related to each other in the light of their basic objectives and the way these can be appropriately represented by an ANN based soft computing input output model in which the expected outputs corresponding to certain inputs can be calculated/ estimated.
Speckle Noise Removal by SORAMA Segmentation in Digital Image Processing to Facilitate Precise Robotic Surgery
Authors: Roopa Jayasingh J.  , Jeba Kumar R. J. S.  , Telagathoti Deepika Blessy , Sagayam K. Martin , Sagayam K. Martin , Pramanik Sabyasachi , Jena Om Prakash , Bandyopadhyay Samir Kumar
Published: February 2022

Kidney stones are renal calculi that are formed due to the collection of calcium and uric acid. The major symptom for the existence of these renal calculi is severe pain, especially when it travels down the urethras To detect these renal calculi, ultrasound images are preferable. But these images have speckle noise which makes the detection of stone challenge. To obtain better results, Semantic Object Region and Morphological Analysis (SORAMA) found to be productive. First scanned image undergoes noise removal process Later the image is enhanced. Detection of Region of interest (ROI) in the image is done. Later it undergoes Dilation and Erosion were a part of Morphological analysis which produces a smoothening effect on the image. From the smoothened image, the stone is detected. If the stone is not detected then it again undergoes noise removal technique and the whole process is repeated until the smoothened image with the stone is detected. This novel research paper will be a boon to medical patients suffering from this disease to be detected and diagnose at a very early stage.
Understanding Blockchain Technology
Authors: Lakkis Hussein , Issa Helmi
Published: February 2022

The increasing worldwide demands for innovation have augmented the adoption of disruptive technologies such as blockchain for industrial and organizational developments. Blockchain technology has been gaining much interest and has developed to be a fundamental aspect of organizations and one of the most dominant topics in recent academic research. This study attempts to identify the underpinnings of blockchain technologies and the reasoning behind this disruptive innovation. This study uses centering resonance analysis to develop an empirically grounded understanding of the logic for blockchain technologies beyond the obvious, through secondary archived data. Through the content analysis of 172 peer-reviewed published articles, the authors decode seven themes (i.e., politics, performance, added-value, datafication, digital revolution, robotics, and security) through three theoretical frameworks: economic, innovative, and societal perspectives.
Decomposition of Green Agricultural Productivity Gain Under a Multiple-Frontier Framework
Authors: Deng Haiyan , Li Haodong , Pan Anzhe , Shen Zhiyang
Published: February 2022

This paper investigates structural variation of agricultural productivity growth in China using a multiple-frontier approach. Agricultural productivity gain in Sichuan province is decomposed into technological progress, technical, mix and scale efficiency changes in terms of economic and environmental performance. The results show that agricultural Luenberger productivity indicator in Sichuan presents a significant increase trend with annual growth rate of 2.5% over the period of 1997-2017. The agricultural green growth in Sichuan is most driven by technological progress. Of the decline in the OI changes, over 90% results from the decline of environmental inefficiency. The technological progress is the main driven force of the economic growth while the TEC (technical inefficiency) incumbers its growth. The structural effects (mix and scale components) incumber environmental growth. The results imply that policymakers should pay more attention to new agricultural technological development and resource misallocation to improve agricultural green growth in Sichuan.
Control of Compacted Graphite Iron Production Process by Using the Thermal Analysis System
Authors: Tokarev A.A. , Boldyrev D.A. , Kulakov B.A. , Popova L.I.
Published: February 2022

The objective of this paper is to describe the major principles of controlling production of compacted graphite iron, aka vermicular graphite iron, using thermal analysis (TA) of cast iron melts as a means of control. The paper goes on to show the engineering implementation of the above principles and the results of how one of a Russian foundry applied them.
Impact of Initial Titanium Magnetite Ore Material Composition on Fluxed Pellet Metallurgical Properties
Authors: Yur'ev Boris P. , Dudko Vyacheslav A.
Published: February 2022

Research work was carried out on the test units with the conditions close to the industrial ones to study the material composition impact of the concentrates produced from various types of the Kachkanar titanium magnetite ores on the fluxed pellet metallurgical properties. In order to study the pellet properties with a small number of experiments the simplex-lattice design method was used. Data was quoted on variation of key quality parameters of pellets from particular concentrate types and their mixture at certain horizons throughout the bed height with regard to a conveyer-type roast machine. An expression was obtained for the weighted average strength of commercial pellets. According to the data obtained in the course of the experiments with certain concentrate types and their well-balanced mixtures the expressions were introduced as incomplete cubic polynomials describing the key quality parameter variations of the pellets from optional composition mixtures. The work results are of certain interest for the process engineers and specialists dealing with iron ore raw material preparation, as they allow forecasting of high quality fluxed pellet production from various material composition concentrates.