bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Mode Decomposition Analysis of Spatially Agglomerated Flow Databases
Authors: Li Binghua , Garicano-Mena Jesús , Zheng Yao , Valero Eusebio
Published: April 2020

Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD) techniques have risen as prominent feature identification methods in the field of fluid dynamics. Any of the multiple variables of the DMD method allows to identify meaningful features from either experimental or numerical flow data on a data-driven manner. Performing a DMD analysis requires handling matrices V ∈ R n p × N , where n p and N are indicative of the spatial and temporal resolutions. The DMD analysis of a complex flow field requires long temporal sequences of well resolved data, and thus the memory footprint may become prohibitively large. In this contribution, the effect that principled spatial agglomeration (i.e., reduction in n p via clustering) has on the results derived from the DMD analysis is investigated. We compare twelve different clustering algorithms on three testcases, encompassing different flow regimes: a synthetic flow field, a R e D = 60 flow around a cylinder cross section, and a R e τ ≈ 200 turbulent channel flow. The performance of the clustering techniques is thoroughly assessed concerning both the accuracy of the results retrieved and the computational performance. From this assessment, we identify DBSCAN/HDBSCAN as the methods to be used if only relatively high agglomeration levels are affordable. On the contrary, Mini-batch K-means arises as the method of choice whenever high agglomeration n p ˜ / n p ≪ 1 is possible.
Design Models for Power Flow Management of a Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic System with Energy Storage System
Authors: Arias Mariz B. , Bae Sungwoo
Published: April 2020

This paper provides models for managing and investigating the power flow of a grid-connected solar photovoltaic (PV) system with an energy storage system (ESS) supplying the residential load. This paper presents a combination of models in forecasting solar PV power, forecasting load power, and determining battery capacity of the ESS, to improve the overall quality of the power flow management of a grid-connected solar PV system. Big data tools were used to formulate the solar PV power forecasting model and load power forecasting model, in which real historical solar electricity data of actual solar homes in Australia were used to improve the quality of the forecasting models. In addition, the time-of-use electricity pricing was also considered in managing the power flow, to provide the minimum cost of electricity from the grid to the residential load. The output of this model presents the power flow profiles, including the solar PV power, battery power, grid power, and load power of weekend and weekday in a summer season. The battery state-of-charge of the ESS was also presented. Therefore, this model may help power system engineers to investigate the power flow of each system of a grid-connected solar PV system and help in the management decision for the improvement of the overall quality of the power management of the system.
Preliminary Assessment of Sweet Chestnut and Mixed Sweet Chestnut-Poplar OSB
Authors: Zanuttini Roberto , Bonzano Enrico , Negro Francesco , Oreglia Gian Luigi , Cremonini Corrado
Published: April 2020

Poplar Oriented Strand Board (OSB) has been produced since 2012 in Italy, and is well-established on the market. Nonetheless, some doubts have recently emerged about the raw material supply due to the trend towards reduction in plantations. Sweet chestnut is widespread in Italy, where its woodlands cover around 800,000 ha, mainly based on coppice. Partly or entirely replacing poplar with sweet chestnut would result in a new OSB with relevant perspectives for the national forest-wood sector, also interesting other European countries where sweet chestnut is widespread. The present study investigates the properties of OSB manufactured at an industrial scale with different shares of poplar and sweet chestnut wood (respectively, 50–50%, 40–60%, and 100% in weight). Density, internal bond, bending strength, modulus of elasticity and swelling were tested according to EN 300. Overall, the results indicate that sweet chestnut OSB/2 (for load-bearing use in dry conditions) can be manufactured through the process currently used for manufacturing poplar OSB, a key aspect in terms of industrial feasibility. Overall, specific adjustments in the process (concerning pressures applied, gluing system and strand cutting optimization) could make the above boards compliant with the requirements of OSB/3 (for load-bearing use in humid conditions).
Potential Impacts of Insect-Induced Harvests in the Mixed Forests of New England
Authors: MacLean Meghan Graham , Holt Jonathan , Borsuk Mark , Markowski-Lindsay Marla , Butler Brett J. , Kittredge David B. , Duveneck Matthew J. , Laflower Danelle , Orwig David A. , Foster David R. , Thompson Jonathan R.
Published: April 2020

Forest insects and pathogens have significant impacts on U.S. forests, annually affecting an area nearly three times that of wildfires and timber harvesting combined. However, coupled with these direct effects of forest insects and pathogens are the indirect impacts through influencing forest management practices, such as harvesting. In an earlier study, we surveyed private woodland owners in the northeastern U.S. and 84% of respondents indicated they intended to harvest in at least one of the presented insect invasion scenarios. This harvest response to insects represents a potentially significant shift in the timing, extent, and species selection of harvesting. Here we used the results from the landowner survey, regional forest inventory data, and characteristics of the emerald ash borer (Species: Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888) invasion to examine the potential for a rapidly spreading invasive insect to alter harvest regimes and affect regional forest conditions. Our analysis suggests that 25% of the woodland parcels in the Connecticut River Watershed in New England may intend to harvest in response to emerald ash borer. If the emerald ash borer continues to spread at its current rate within the region, and therefore the associated management response occurs in the next decade, this could result in an increase in harvest frequencies, from 2.6% year−1 (historically) to 3.7% year−1 through to approximately 2030. If harvest intensities remain at levels found in remeasured Forest Inventory and Analysis plots, this insect-initiated harvesting would result in the removal of 12%–13% of the total aboveground biomass. Eighty-one percent of the removed biomass would be from species other than ash, creating a forest disturbance that is over twice the magnitude than that created by emerald ash borer alone, with the most valuable co-occurring species most vulnerable to biomass loss.
Assessment of Air Quality in the South-Western Part of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains Based on Selected Indicators
Authors: Szwed Mirosław , Kozłowski Rafał , Żukowski Witold
Published: April 2020

This article presents the results of research on the air quality which was under the anthropogenic impact of the cement and lime industry in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains for many years. Research using geo- and bio-indicators was carried out at fixed measuring points in the years 2016–2018. Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. and two-year old Scots pine needles Pinus sylvestris L. were used for bioindication research. Physico-chemical properties of precipitation were developed on the basis of research conducted at the Jan Kochanowski University’s field research station located on the Malik Mt. Increased pH and specific electrolytic conductivity (EC) of precipitation, as well as variable concentrations of heavy metals throughout a year were found. Analysis of the chemical properties of transplanted lichens and pine needles confirmed the presence of elements from the cement and lime industry sector located in the Białe Zagłębie. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of the needles’ surface revealed morphologic changes resulting from pollution of stoma opening and closing by small solid particles of anthropogenic origins, disturbing gas exchange.
Digital Cloud Environment: Present Challenges and Future Forecast
Authors: Mescheryakov Serg , Shchemelinin Dmitry , Izrailov Konstantin , Pokussov Victor
Published: April 2020

This article addresses the challenges of a digital cloud environment when it comes to global scalability with a large number of remote servers and an unsecure public cloud, such as Amazon. The goal of the study was to work out an approach for evaluating the reasonable system capacity under heavy workload. For that purpose, Zabbix monitoring solution is used and business metrics are applied in relation to existing system ones. A prediction data model is proposed to compute the future forecast of the user activity based on the collected historical statistics and to verify whether capacity adjustment is possible or not. The results of capacity planning are implemented at Genesys International Telecommunications Company. System analysis of the production environment indicates the possibility to downscale the capacity of certain virtual servers, which allowed savings to the annual operational costs of $3500 (50%) for each affected server.
Multi-Strip and Multi-Point Boundary Conditions for Fractional Langevin Equation
Authors: Salem Ahmed , Alghamdi Balqees
Published: April 2020

In the present paper, we discuss a new boundary value problem for the nonlinear Langevin equation involving two distinct fractional derivative orders with multi-point and multi-nonlocal integral conditions. The fixed point theorems for Schauder and Krasnoselskii–Zabreiko are applied to study the existence results. The uniqueness of the solution is given by implementing the Banach fixed point theorem. Some examples showing our basic results are provided.
New Model Systems and the Development of Targeted Therapies for the Treatment of Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors
Authors: Williams Kyle B. , Largaespada David A.
Published: April 2020

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder and cancer predisposition syndrome (1:3000 births) caused by mutations in the tumor suppressor gene NF1. NF1 encodes neurofibromin, a negative regulator of the Ras signaling pathway. Individuals with NF1 often develop benign tumors of the peripheral nervous system (neurofibromas), originating from the Schwann cell linage, some of which progress further to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Treatment options for neurofibromas and MPNSTs are extremely limited, relying largely on surgical resection and cytotoxic chemotherapy. Identification of novel therapeutic targets in both benign neurofibromas and MPNSTs is critical for improved patient outcomes and quality of life. Recent clinical trials conducted in patients with NF1 for the treatment of symptomatic plexiform neurofibromas using inhibitors of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MEK) have shown very promising results. However, MEK inhibitors do not work in all patients and have significant side effects. In addition, preliminary evidence suggests single agent use of MEK inhibitors for MPNST treatment will fail. Here, we describe the preclinical efforts that led to the identification of MEK inhibitors as promising therapeutics for the treatment of NF1-related neoplasia and possible reasons they lack single agent efficacy in the treatment of MPNSTs. In addition, we describe work to find targets other than MEK for treatment of MPNST. These have come from studies of RAS biochemistry, in vitro drug screening, forward genetic screens for Schwann cell tumors, and synthetic lethal screens in cells with oncogenic RAS gene mutations. Lastly, we discuss new approaches to exploit drug screening and synthetic lethality with NF1 loss of function mutations in human Schwann cells using CRISPR/Cas9 technology.
Phylogenetic Relationship of Plant MLO Genes and Transcriptional Response of MLO Genes to Ralstonia solanacearum in Tomato
Authors: Shi Jianlei , Wan Hongjian , Zai Wenshan , Xiong Zili , Wu Weiren
Published: April 2020

As a broad-spectrum disease resistance factor, MLO is involved in a variety of biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. To figure out the structural features, phylogenetic relationships, and expression patterns of MLO genes, we investigated the genome and transcriptome sequencing data of 28 plant species using bioinformatics tools. A total of 197 MLO genes were identified. They possessed 5–7 transmembrane domains, but only partially contained a calmodulin-binding domain. A total of 359 polymorphic sites and 142 haplotypes were found in 143 sequences, indicating the rich nucleotide diversity of MLO genes. The MLO genes were unevenly distributed on chromosomes or scaffolds and were mainly located at the ends, forming clusters (24.1% genes), tandem duplicates (5.7%), and segment duplicates (36.2%). The MLO genes could be classified into three groups by phylogenetic analysis. The angiosperm genes were mainly in subgroup IA, Selaginella moellendorffii genes were in subgroup IA and IIIB, Physcomitrella patens genes were in subgroup IB and IIIA, and almost all algae genes were in group II. About half of the MLO genes had homologs within and across species. The Ka/Ks values were all less than 1, varying 0.01–0.78, suggesting that purifying selection had occurred in MLO gene evolution. In tomato, RNA-seq data indicated that SlMLO genes were highly expressed in roots, followed by flowers, buds, and leaves, and also regulated by different biotic stresses. qRT–PCR analysis revealed that SlMLO genes could respond to tomato bacterial wilt, with SlMLO1, SlMLO2, SlMLO4, and SlMLO6 probably involved in the susceptibility response, whereas SlMLO14 and SlMLO16 being the opposite. These results lay a foundation for the isolation and application of related genes in plant disease resistance breeding.
A Functional Network of Novel Barley MicroRNAs and Their Targets in Response to Drought
Authors: Smoczynska Aleksandra , Pacak Andrzej M. , Nuc Przemysław , Swida-Barteczka Aleksandra , Kruszka Katarzyna , Karlowski Wojciech M. , Jarmolowski Artur , Szweykowska-Kulinska Zofia
Published: April 2020

The regulation of mRNA (messenger RNA) levels by microRNA-mediated activity is especially important in plant responses to environmental stresses. In this work, we report six novel barley microRNAs, including two processed from the same precursor that are severely downregulated under drought conditions. For all analyzed microRNAs, we found target genes that were upregulated under drought conditions and that were known to be involved in a plethora of processes from disease resistance to chromatin–protein complex formation and the regulation of transcription in mitochondria. Targets for novel barley microRNAs were confirmed through degradome data analysis and RT-qPCR using primers flanking microRNA-recognition site. Our results show a broad transcriptional response of barley to water deficiency conditions through microRNA-mediated gene regulation and facilitate further research on drought tolerance in crops.
The Mosquera Valley in Sierra de Espadán Natural Park, Spain, as a Designed Mountain Landscape. Past and Present Uses
Authors: Vidal-González Pablo , Vidal-Matzanke Antoni
Published: April 2020

The Mosquera valley, in the heart of the Sierra de Espadán Natural Park, is known for being a true natural treasure, one of the best preserved and most renowned spaces in the Park. However, since the mid-19th century, this space has been profoundly altered by people making commercial use of the forest. Paradoxically, it is precisely this anthropic transformation that makes the place more attractive to visitors, to the extent that it continues to be a leading destination for nature observation and outdoor sports. Since the area was designated as a natural park, visitor numbers have increased exponentially, whilst its use as a managed forest has gone into decline. Both situations pose a challenge for the maintenance and preservation of this mountain area. The aim of this research is to present the strong symbolic component of the Mosquera valley and to evaluate the new uses of this privileged space, the new forms of tourism, the rise of sports practice, the enhancement of heritage or the improvement of behaviour in favour of sustainability.
Clay Minerals and Detrital Material in Paleocene–Eocene Biogenic Siliceous Rocks (Sw Western Siberia): Implications for Volcanic and Depositional Environment Record
Authors: Smirnov Pavel , Deryagina Oksana , Afanasieva Nadezhda , Rudmin Maxim , Gursky Hans-Jürgen
Published: April 2020

The paper presents the results of a study on clay minerals and detrital material of biosiliceous rocks (Paleocene–Eocene) from three sections in the Transuralian region. The authigenic processes in sediments resulted in the formation of dioctahedral clay minerals (illite, smectite) and insignificant amounts of sulfide phases (pyrite, hydrotroillite). Detrital minerals from the studied diatomites and diatomaceous clays often have a subangular and semi-rounded habit that is evidence of a low degree alteration of the sedimentary material in the provenance areas. The high degree of preservation of the bioclastic debris and the transformation of the limited volcanogenic substratum in clay minerals apparently was possible by initial burial diagenesis. The morphology of kaolinite and illite suggests that these mineral formations were caused by diagenesis with feldspars and smectites as a substrate for their formation. The smectite zone of weathering crust that developed on the adjacent land could have also served as a significant source of smectites entering the sea basin. The association with smectite in aggregates of mixed clayey composition indicates a sequential smectite-to-illite reaction via mixed-layered minerals. Such minerals as amphiboles, pyroxenes, and olivines, semi-stable to transportation and genetically associated with ultramafic rocks, form a significant part of the clastic fraction of the rock, indicating the proximity of provenance areas. This is the evident reason that the provenance areas made of mafic and ultramafic rocks played an essential role.
Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version of the Anesthesia Surrendering Instrument
Authors: Lee Hanna , Kang Ji-Soon , Han Jeong-Won
Published: April 2020

This study examined the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the anesthesia surrendering instrument (ASI), which was originally developed to measure anesthesia surrendering in Swedish adults. The study population consisted of 306 patients who received general anesthesia for abdominal, breast, knee, hip, lower back, or shoulder surgery in ten hospitals across five regions of Korea from June to September 2019. The validity of the content, construct, and criterion used, and the reliability of the ASI were assessed. The results showed that the instrument had appropriate content validity; the item-level content validity index ranged between 0.80 and 1.00, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.90. The construct validity test results confirmed four sub-categories with a total of 26 items, and the internal consistency reliability tests showed Cronbach’s alpha values ranging between 0.71 and 0.88. The study findings confirmed the applicability of this instrument for measuring anesthesia surrendering in Korean adults. These results provide a foundation for future studies on anesthesia surrendering in Korean adult patients.
Multi-Agent-Based Urban Vegetation Design
Authors: Ali Ahmed Khairadeen , Song Hayub , Lee One Jae , Kim Eun Seok , Mohammed Ali Haneen Hashim
Published: April 2020

Urban vegetation is an essential element of the urban city pedestrian walkway. Despite city forest regulations and urban planning best practices, vegetation planning lacks clear comprehension and compatibility with other urban elements surrounding it. Urban planners and academic researchers currently devote vital attention to include most of the urban elements and their impact on the occupants and the environment in the planning stage of urban development. With the advancement in computational design, they have developed various algorithms to generate design alternatives and measure their impact on the environment that meets occupants’ needs and perceptions of their city. In particular, multi-agent-based simulations show great promise in developing rule compliance with urban vegetation design tools. This paper proposed an automatic urban vegetation city rule compliance approach for pedestrian pathway vegetation, leveraging multi-agent system and algorithmic modeling tools. This approach comprises three modules: rule compliance (T-Rule), street vegetation design tool (T-Design), and multi-agent alternative generation (T-Agent). Notably, the scope of the paper is limited to trees, shrubbery, and seating area configurations in the urban pathway context. To validate the developed design tool, a case study was tested, and the vegetation design tool generated the expected results successfully. A questionnaire was conducted to give feedback on the use of the developed tool for enhancing positive experience of the developed tool. It is anticipated that the proposed tool has the potential to aid urban planners in decision-making and develop more practical vegetation planting plans compared with the conventional Two-Dimensional (2D) plans, and give the city occupants the chance to take part in shaping their city by merely selecting from predefined parameters in a user interface to generate their neighborhood pathway vegetation plans. Moreover, this approach can be extended to be embedded in an interactive map where city occupants can shape their neighborhood greenery and give feedback to urban planners for decision-making.
The “Obiettivo Antibiotico” Campaign on Prudent Use of Antibiotics in Sicily, Italy: The Pilot Phase
Authors: Barchitta Martina , Quattrocchi Annalisa , Maugeri Andrea , La Rosa Maria Clara , La Mastra Claudia , Basile Guido , Giuffrida Giovanni , Mazzeo Rinaldi Francesco , Murolo Giuseppe , Agodi Antonella
Published: April 2020

The issue of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a focus of the World Health Organization, which proposes educational interventions targeting the public and healthcare professionals. Here, we present the first attempt at a regionwide multicomponent campaign in Sicily (Italy), called “Obiettivo Antibiotico”, which aims to raise the awareness of prudent use of antibiotics in the public and in healthcare professionals. The campaign was designed by an interdisciplinary academic team, and an interactive website was populated with different materials, including key messages, letters, slogans, posters, factsheets, leaflets, and videos. The campaign was launched in November 2018 and, as of 21 December 2018, the website had a total of 1159 unique visitors, of which 190 became champions by pledging to take simple actions to support the fight against AMR. Data from social media showed that the audience was between 18 and 54 years of age, with a high proportion of female participants (64%). Interestingly, the LinkedIn page received more than 1200 followers, and Facebook 685 followers. The number of actions taken (pledges) by the audience was 458, evenly divided between experts (53%) and the general public (47%). Additional efforts are needed to reach more people, thus future efforts should focus on further promotion within the Sicilian region to sustain the engagement with the campaign.
Do Health Insurance Schemes Heterogeneously Affect Income and Income Distribution? Evidence from Chinese Agricultural Migrants Survey
Authors: Lu Xiaojun , Wang Qun , Wei Daishuang
Published: April 2020

Currently, the particularity of Chinese agricultural migrants groups determines that they can participate in various types of public health insurance schemes, i.e., the New Cooperative Medical Scheme (NCMS), Urban Residents Basic Medical Insurance (URBMI), and Urban Employees Basic Medical Insurance (UEBMI). The goal of this paper is to shed light on whether and how these health insurance schemes affect the agricultural migrants’ income and income distribution. A dataset of 86,660 individuals is obtained from China Migrants Dynamic Survey implemented by the National Health Commission. The study uses the basic ordinary least squares regression to assess association between health insurance schemes and income and uses the propensity score matching method to estimate the income effect. In addition, we further use the quantile regression method to explore heterogeneous effects of health insurance schemes on income distribution. We find that UEBMI and URBMI have significant increased monthly net income of agricultural migrants, while NCMS does not. The income-increasing effect of UEBMI is greater than that of URBMI. The income-increasing effect of UEBMI is most obvious in the low-income group. While URBMI has a significant role in increasing income with its income-increasing effect being obvious for the lowest and highest income groups. We suggest that China’s health insurance system needs further reforms in order to reduce income inequality of agricultural migrants.
Some Near- and Far-Environmental Effects on Human Health and Disease with a Focus on the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Cornelissen Guillaume Germaine , Gubin Denis , Beaty Larry A , Otsuka Kuniaki
Published: April 2020

Environmental effects on human physiopathology are revisited herein from a chronobiologic viewpoint, with a focus on the cardiovascular system. Physiological variables undergo recurring changes that are predictable in a statistical, albeit not deterministic way. Biological rhythms cover a broad range of frequencies, which are usually shared by the environment as “co-periodisms”. Some of these photic and non-photic periodicities shared by the environment and physiopathology are reviewed herein, together with their possible underlying mechanisms. A plausible cascade of events from the long-period cycles found in the cosmic environment to those affecting the Earth’s atmosphere and weather conditions is presented, which may shed light on how they may shape the cycles characterizing human health. Maps of important cycles shared between the environment and physiopathology are being catalogued in an atlas of chronomes with the goal of distinguishing between strong and weak associations and providing an estimate of the lag that can be anticipated before observing physiological changes.
Nutritional Quality of Hidden Food and Beverage Advertising Directed to Children: Extent and Nature of Product Placement in Mexican Television Programs
Authors: Munguía-Serrano Ana , Tolentino-Mayo Lizbeth , Théodore Florence L. , Vandevijvere Stefanie
Published: April 2020

(1) Background: Nutrient-poor, energy-dense food and beverage (F&B) advertisements influence children’s food preferences, consumption, and purchase requests, contributing to overweight and obesity. Objective: To characterize the nutritional quality of F&B advertised by product placement (PP) in Mexican television programs with the highest audience ratings for children. (2) Methods: A total of 48 h of television programs between December 2016 and January 2017 during the hours with the highest ratings for children were analyzed. Nutritional quality was assessed through the Mexican Ministry of Health (MMH-NPM), the World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (WHO-Europe), and the Pan American Health Organization nutrient profile models (PAHO-NPM). (3) Results: A total of 119 F&B were broadcast, of which more than 60% were unhealthy according to the three nutritional models. Reality shows and movies presented the most PP advertising. The food category most frequently advertised was sugar-sweetened beverages (41.2%). F&B advertised in children’s programs had a higher content of energy, total fat, and saturated fat (p < 0.01). (4) Conclusion: The MMH-NPM was the most permissive and the PAHO-NPM was the strictest for evaluating nutritional quality. Mexico must strengthen the regulation of advertising to protect children from its negative effects on health.
A Meta-Analysis of the Reliability of Four Field-Based Trunk Extension Endurance Tests
Authors: Martínez-Romero María Teresa , Ayala Francisco , De Ste Croix Mark , Vera-Garcia Francisco J. , Sainz de Baranda Pilar , Santonja-Medina Fernando , Sánchez-Meca Julio
Published: April 2020

This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the inter- and intra-tester reliability of endurance measures obtained through trunk extension field-based tests and to explore the influence of the moderators on the reliability estimates. The reliability induction rate of trunk extension endurance measures was also calculated. A systematic search was conducted using various databases, and subsequently 28 studies were selected that reported intraclass correlation coefficients for trunk extension endurance measures. Separate meta-analyses were conducted using a random-effects model. When possible, analyses of potential moderator variables were carried out. The inter-tester average reliability of the endurance measure obtained from the Biering-Sorensen test was intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.94. The intra-session reliability estimates of the endurance measures recorded using the Biering-Sorensen test, the prone isometric chest raise test, and the prone double straight-leg test were ICC = 0.88, 0.90, and 0.86, respectively. The inter-session average reliability of the endurance measures from the Biering-Sorensen test, the prone isometric chest raise test, and the dynamic extensor endurance test were ICC = 0.88, 0.95, and 0.99, respectively. However, due to the limited evidence available, the reliability estimates of the measures obtained through the prone isometric chest raise, prone double straight-leg, and dynamic extensor endurance tests should be considered with a degree of caution. Position control instruments, tools, and familiarization session demonstrated a statistical association with the inter-session reliability of the Biering-Sorensen test. The reliability induction rate was 72.8%. Only the trunk extension endurance measure obtained through the Biering-Sorensen test presented sufficient scientific evidence in terms of reliability to justify its use for research and practical purposes.
Could Environment Affect the Mutation of H1N1 Influenza Virus?
Authors: Jiang Dong , Wang Qian , Bai Zhihua , Qi Heyuan , Ma Juncai , Liu Wenjun , Ding Fangyu , Li Jing
Published: April 2020

H1N1 subtype influenza A viruses are the most common type of influenza A virus to infect humans. The two major outbreaks of the virus in 1918 and 2009 had a great impact both on human health and social development. Though data on their complete genome sequences have recently been obtained, the evolution and mutation of A/H1N1 viruses remain unknown to this day. Among many drivers, the impact of environmental factors on mutation is a novel hypothesis worth studying. Here, a geographically disaggregated method was used to explore the relationship between environmental factors and mutation of A/H1N1 viruses from 2000–2019. All of the 11,721 geo-located cases were examined and the data was analysed of six environmental elements according to the time and location (latitude and longitude) of those cases. The main mutation value was obtained by comparing the sequence of the influenza virus strain with the earliest reported sequence. It was found that environmental factors systematically affect the mutation of A/H1N1 viruses. Minimum temperature displayed a nonlinear, rising association with mutation, with a maximum ~15 °C. The effects of precipitation and social development index (nighttime light) were more complex, while population density was linearly and positively correlated with mutation of A/H1N1 viruses. Our results provide novel insight into understanding the complex relationships between mutation of A/H1N1 viruses and environmental factors.
Effectiveness of a Teacher Training Program for Students with Symptoms of Developmental Disorders: Data from a Correspondence High School in Japan
Authors: Ishii Atsuko , Okuno Hiroko , Nakaoka Takayoshi , Iwasaka Hidemi , Taniike Masako
Published: April 2020

In the present study, a teacher training program based on behavioral therapy was conducted for high school correspondence course teachers of adolescents aged between 15 and 18 years who showed developmental difficulties. Participating teachers were assigned to either an immediate treatment (IT; n = 13) or delayed treatment control (DTC; n = 17) group to evaluate the effectiveness of the program, which comprised five 90-min sessions with small groups of three to six participants and was conducted over three months. The results showed significant improvement in students’ behaviors and social responsiveness and in teachers’ confidence among those in the IT group; however, those in the DTC group did not show any such improvement. We discuss the program’s feasibility in terms of developing support resources for teachers in Japanese high schools.
“Coach Really Knew What I Needed and Understood Me Well as a Person”: Effective Communication Acts in Coach–Athlete Interactions among Korean Olympic Archers
Authors: Kim Youngsook , Park Inchon
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore situations in which athletes perceived communication with their coach to be important and determine the effect of this communication on the athletes. Literature on the communication process in sports emphasizes the distinct characteristics of each sports and its setting. However, previous research has not studied various settings in detail, and archery is yet to be explored. The qualitative process included an in-depth, semi-structured interview with eight Olympic archers. Thematic analysis was used to interpret the data. Athletes perceived communication with coaches to be important during their performance, while dealing with psychological crises, and during their training. Our analysis suggests that, depending on the communicative actions, a coach may positively or negatively impact an athlete’s self-awareness, self-confidence, anxiety, autonomy, and motivation. A noteworthy finding of this study is that archers perceive communication with coaches about the selection and management of equipment as important. This study emphasizes the critical role of an athlete’s communication with the coach in various situations and discusses the theoretical and practical implications in the context of sports performance.
Energy Drink Consumption and Substance Use among Middle and High School Students
Authors: Sampasa-Kanyinga Hugues , Masengo Lydie , Hamilton Hayley A. , Chaput Jean-Philippe
Published: April 2020

This study examined the association between energy drink consumption and substance use among adolescents and tested whether sex and/or grade level (i.e., middle vs. high school) moderate the association. Data were derived from the 2017 Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey, a representative survey of students in 7th to 12th grade. Analyses included 10,662 students who self-reported information on energy drink consumption and substance use. Poisson regression models were used with adjustments for important covariates. Energy drink consumption was associated with tobacco cigarette smoking (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 3.74; 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.22–4.35), cannabis use (IRR: 2.90; 95% CI: 2.53–3.32), binge drinking (IRR: 2.46; 95% CI: 2.05–2.96), opioid use (IRR: 2.23; 95% CI: 1.85–2.68), and alcohol use (IRR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.26–1.36). The associations of energy drink consumption with tobacco cigarette smoking, cannabis use, and alcohol consumption were modified by grade level (two-way interaction terms p < 0.05). The association between energy drink consumption and substance use was generally much stronger among middle school students compared with high school students. The findings suggest that middle school students may be more vulnerable to the negative effects of energy drinks in relation with substance use.
The Roma Population Living in Segregated Settlements in Eastern Slovakia Has a Higher Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome, Kidney Disease, Viral Hepatitis B and E, and Some Parasitic Diseases Compared to the Majority Population
Authors: Macejova Zelmira , Kristian Pavol , Janicko Martin , Halanova Monika , Drazilova Sylvia , Antolova Daniela , Marekova Maria , Pella Daniel , Madarasova-Geckova Andrea , Jarcuska Peter ,   HepaMeta Team
Published: April 2020

Background: The Roma population is one of the largest marginalized population groups in Europe. The aim of our work was to summarize the morbidity of lifestyle-related diseases and infectious diseases in the Roma population living in segregated settlements. Methods: We used data from the cross-sectional study HepaMeta, in which we examined 452 Roma subjects with an average age of 34.7 ± 9.1 years, 35.2% of which were men, and 403 non-Roma subjects with an average age of 33.5 ± 7.4 years, 45.9% of which were men. We collected data by means of a questionnaire, anthropometric measures, and we analyzed blood and urine samples. Results: Roma subjects had a higher incidence of metabolic syndrome (RR: 1.478 (1.159–1.885), p < 0.0001), obesity or waist circumference >94 cm in men/80 cm in women (RR: 1.287 (1.127–1.470), p < 0.0001), and HDL-C < 1.03 mmol/L in men or <1.29 in women (RR: 2.004 (1.730–2.321), p < 0.0001) than their non-Roma counterparts. Subjects of the Roma population were more frequently diagnosed with kidney disease (RR: 1.216 (1.096–1.349), p < 0.0001), HBsAg positivity (RR: 4.468 (2.373–8.415), p < 0.0001), anti HBc IgG positivity (RR: 3.13 (2.598–4.224), p < 0.0001), and anti HEV positivity (RR: 2.972 (1.226–7.287), p < 0.0001). Serological markers of Toxoplasma gondii infection and Toxocara spp. were observed much more frequently among Roma than non-Roma subjects (RR: 1.868 (1.520–2.296), p < 0.0001, for Toxoplasma gondii; and RR: 21.812 (8.097–58.761), p < 0.0001, for Toxocara spp.). Conclusions: Poor socio-economic conditions, an unhealthy lifestyle, and barriers precluding access to healthcare are factors that affect the Roma population in settlements and lead to an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components, kidney disease, viral hepatitis B and E, and some parasitic diseases.
Risk Perception and COVID-19
Authors: Cori Liliana , Bianchi Fabrizio , Cadum Ennio , Anthonj Carmen
Published: April 2020

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is shaking the foundations of public health governance all over the world. Researchers are challenged by informing and supporting authorities on acquired knowledge and practical implications. This Editorial applies established theories of risk perception research to COVID-19 pandemic, and reflects on the role of risk perceptions in these unprecedented times, and specifically in the framework of the International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Special Issue “Research about risk perception in the Environmental Health domain”.
Vitamin D as a Potential Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis: Where Are We?
Authors: Wasnik Samiksha , Sharma Isha , Baylink David J. , Tang Xiaolei
Published: April 2020

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and is caused by an aberrant immune response to myelin sheath. Disease-modifying medications, which mainly aim to suppress such aberrant immune response, have significantly improved MS treatment. However, the disease severity continues to worsen. In contrast, progressively more data suggest that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D or 1,25(OH)2D, i.e., the active vitamin D, suppresses the differentiation of potentially pathogenic T cells associated with MS, enhances the differentiation of regulatory T cells that suppress the pathogenic T cells, and promotes remyelination. These novel 1,25(OH)2D functions have encouraged investigators to develop vitamin D as a potential therapy for MS. However, because of the hypercalcemia that is associated with high 1,25(OH)2D concentrations, supplementation of native vitamin D has been a major focus in clinical trials for the treatment of MS, but such trials have produced mixed data. In this article, we will review current progress in the supplementation of different vitamin D forms for the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (i.e., an MS animal model) as well as MS. Furthermore, we will review alternative strategies that our laboratory and others are pursuing in an attempt to circumvent the hurdles that are hampering the effective use of vitamin D as a potential therapy for MS.
Neural Stem Cell Transplantation for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: De Gioia Roberta , Biella Fabio , Citterio Gaia , Rizzo Federica , Abati Elena , Nizzardo Monica , Bresolin Nereo , Comi Giacomo Pietro , Corti Stefania
Published: April 2020

Neurodegenerative diseases are disabling and fatal neurological disorders that currently lack effective treatment. Neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation has been studied as a potential therapeutic approach and appears to exert a beneficial effect against neurodegeneration via different mechanisms, such as the production of neurotrophic factors, decreased neuroinflammation, enhanced neuronal plasticity and cell replacement. Thus, NSC transplantation may represent an effective therapeutic strategy. To exploit NSCs’ potential, some of their essential biological characteristics must be thoroughly investigated, including the specific markers for NSC subpopulations, to allow profiling and selection. Another key feature is their secretome, which is responsible for the regulation of intercellular communication, neuroprotection, and immunomodulation. In addition, NSCs must properly migrate into the central nervous system (CNS) and integrate into host neuronal circuits, enhancing neuroplasticity. Understanding and modulating these aspects can allow us to further exploit the therapeutic potential of NSCs. Recent progress in gene editing and cellular engineering techniques has opened up the possibility of modifying NSCs to express select candidate molecules to further enhance their therapeutic effects. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding these aspects, promoting the development of stem cell therapies that could be applied safely and effectively in clinical settings.
Wheat Heat Shock Factor TaHsfA6f Increases ABA Levels and Enhances Tolerance to Multiple Abiotic Stresses in Transgenic Plants
Authors: Bi Huihui , Zhao Yue , Li Huanhuan , Liu Wenxuan
Published: April 2020

Abiotic stresses are major constraints limiting crop growth and production. Heat shock factors (Hsfs) play significant roles in mediating plant resistance to various environmental stresses, including heat, drought and salinity. In this study, we explored the biological functions and underlying mechanisms of wheat TaHsfA6f in plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses. Gene expression profiles showed that TaHsfA6f has relatively high expression levels in wheat leaves at the reproductive stage. Transcript levels of TaHsfA6f were substantially up-regulated by heat, dehydration, salinity, low temperature, and multiple phytohormones, but was not induced by brassinosteroids (BR). Subcellular localization analyses revealed that TaHsfA6f is localized to the nucleus. Overexpression of the TaHsfA6f gene in Arabidopsis results in improved tolerance to heat, drought and salt stresses, enhanced sensitivity to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA), and increased accumulation of ABA. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing data demonstrated that TaHsfA6f functions through up-regulation of a number of genes involved in ABA metabolism and signaling, and other stress-associated genes. Collectively, these results provide evidence that TaHsfA6f participates in the regulation of multiple abiotic stresses, and that TaHsfA6f could serve as a valuable gene for genetic modification of crop abiotic stress tolerance.
Removing Critical Gaps in Chemical Test Methods by Developing New Assays for the Identification of Thyroid Hormone System-Disrupting Chemicals—The ATHENA Project
Authors: Kortenkamp Andreas , Axelstad Marta , Baig Asma H. , Bergman Åke , Bornehag Carl-Gustaf , Cenijn Peter , Christiansen Sofie , Demeneix Barbara , Derakhshan Arash , Fini Jean-Baptiste , Frädrich Caroline , Hamers Timo , Hellwig Lina , Köhrle Josef , Korevaar Tim I.M. , Lindberg Johan , Martin Olwenn , Meima Marcel E. , Mergenthaler Philipp , Nikolov Nikolai , Du Pasquier David , Peeters Robin P. , Platzack Bjorn , Ramhøj Louise , Remaud Sylvie , Renko Kostja , Scholze Martin , Stachelscheid Harald , Svingen Terje , Wagenaars Fabian , Wedebye Eva Bay , Zoeller R. Thomas
Published: April 2020

The test methods that currently exist for the identification of thyroid hormone system-disrupting chemicals are woefully inadequate. There are currently no internationally validated in vitro assays, and test methods that can capture the consequences of diminished or enhanced thyroid hormone action on the developing brain are missing entirely. These gaps put the public at risk and risk assessors in a difficult position. Decisions about the status of chemicals as thyroid hormone system disruptors currently are based on inadequate toxicity data. The ATHENA project (Assays for the identification of Thyroid Hormone axis-disrupting chemicals: Elaborating Novel Assessment strategies) has been conceived to address these gaps. The project will develop new test methods for the disruption of thyroid hormone transport across biological barriers such as the blood–brain and blood–placenta barriers. It will also devise methods for the disruption of the downstream effects on the brain. ATHENA will deliver a testing strategy based on those elements of the thyroid hormone system that, when disrupted, could have the greatest impact on diminished or enhanced thyroid hormone action and therefore should be targeted through effective testing. To further enhance the impact of the ATHENA test method developments, the project will develop concepts for better international collaboration and development in the area of thyroid hormone system disruptor identification and regulation.
The In Vitro Non-Tetramerizing ZapAI83E Mutant Is Unable to Recruit ZapB to the Division Plane In Vivo in Escherichia coli
Authors: Meiresonne Nils Y. , den Blaauwen Tanneke
Published: April 2020

Bacterial cell division is guided by filamenting temperature-sensitive Z (FtsZ) treadmilling at midcell. FtsZ itself is regulated by FtsZ-associated proteins (Zaps) that couple it to different cellular processes. Z-associated protein A (ZapA) is known to enhance FtsZ bundling but also forms a synchronizing link with chromosome segregation through Z-associated protein B (ZapB) and matS-bound MatP. ZapA likely exists as dimers and tetramers in the cell. Using a ZapA mutant that is only able to form dimers in vitro (ZapAI83E), this paper investigates the effects of ZapA multimerization state on its interaction partners and cell division. By employing fluorescence microscopy and Förster resonance energy transfer in vivo it was shown that ZapAI83E is unable to complement a zapA deletion strain and localizes diffusely through the cell but still interacts with FtsZ that is not part of the cell division machinery. The diffusely-localized ZapAI83E is unable to recruit ZapB, which in its presence localizes unipolarly. Interestingly, the localization profiles of the chromosome and unipolar ZapB anticorrelate. The work presented here confirms previously reported in vitro effects of ZapA multimerization in vivo and places it in a broader context by revealing the strong implications for ZapB and chromosome localization and ter linkage.