bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic analysis and characterization of alloys in the Au-In-Sb system
Authors: Gomidzelovic Lidija , Zivkovic Dragana , Markovic Desimir , Marjanovic Bata
Published: July 2008

The results of thermodynamic analysis and the characterization of alloys in the ternary system Au-In-Sb are presented in this study. Thermodynamic analysis was carried out by applying the Toop and Muggianu predicting methods in sections from the Au, In and Sb corner, respectively, with the following ratios 1:3 and 3:1. in the temperature interval from 873 to 1673 K. Characterization of the alloys in section Au-In-Sb was perfor?med using optical microscopy, SEM/EDX analysis and by hardness measurements of the investigated alloys.
The influence of fullerenol on the cell number, cell area and colony forming unit ability in irradiated human erythroleukemic cell line
Authors: Icevic Ivana , Bogdanovic Visnja , Zikic Dragan , Solajic Slavica , Bogdanovic Gordana , Djordjevic Aleksandar
Published: July 2008

DET (dye exclusion test) cell count and cell area by computer analysis of the images were determined in cell lines of human eritroleukemia (K562), which were irradiated with X-rays in one dose of 24 Gy and pretreated with 10 nmol/mL fullerenol (Cgo(OH)24). Cell samples obtained using a citocentrifuge and May-Gr?nvald Giemsi (MGG) during, were analyzed. The cell colony formation ability was monitored using quantative CFU (colony forming unit) test. Irradiation decreases the number of K562 cells, but fullerenol significantly increases cell number on 24th and 48th hour of the experiment. Cell area is larger, and the number of formed cell colonies after irradiation is significantly smaller compared to pretreated groups during the whole experiment. Pretreatment with fullerenol maintains a smaller cell area, and the number of colony formed units was larger compared to the irradiated cells.
Application of natural and synthetic polymers in a production of paper
Authors: Jovanovic Slobodan , Krgovic Milorad , Osap Danijela
Published: July 2008

This work gives the review of most frequently used natural and synthetic polymers in production of paper, board and cardboard. Physical and chemical interaction of natural and synthetic polymers with cellulose fibers, and thus the way these polymers influence the improvement of both production process and the paper characteristics, have been presented.
Kinetics of paper drying and thermodynamic driving forces
Authors: Valent Vladimir , Krgovic Milorad , Nikolic Srecko
Published: July 2008

Kinetics of paper drying, its relation with thermodynamic drying agent parameters and dynamics of technological process participants was analyzed. The importance of thermodynamic states of drying agents, rate of the participants versus heat transfer and wet transfer coefficients to drying agents were discussed.
The bonding of anesthetics and antibiotics on the carboxymethylcellulose
Authors: Rodic-Grabovac Branka , Djudjic Radana , Iliskovic Nadezda
Published: July 2008

The preparation of biologically active material is one of the most interesting trends in the chemical modification of cellulose. The possibility of obtaining biologically active cellulosic material by sorption of procaine hydrochloride and gentamicin sulphate on CMC was investigated in this paper. The sorption of therapeutics on CMC samples with different degree of substitution was carried out in water solutions of anesthetic and antibiotic, while the desorption was done in 0.95% NaCl solution. The amount of bonded and released therapeutics was determined by UV spe-ctrophotometry. It was found that degree of substitution of car-boxymethylcellulose and concentration of chemotherapeutic water solution have significant influence on the amount of bonded anesthetic and antibiotic. The maximum amount of bonded chemotherapeutic was 72.15 mg of procaine hydrochloride and 165.49 mg of gentamicin sulphate per gram CMC. In both cases the amounts of bonded chemotherape-utics correspond to the concentration of local anesthetic and antibiotic preparation that are used in therapeutic purposes.
Alternative technology for arsenic removal from drinking water
Authors: Purenovic Milovan
Published: July 2008

Arsenic is a naturally occurring element in water, food and air. It is known as a poison, but in very small quantities it is showed to be an essential element. Actual problem in the world is arsenic removal from drinking water using modern and alternative technology, especially because EPA's and other international standards have reduced MCL from 50 to 10 ug/1. Because of rivers and lakes pollution, in a number of plants for natural water purification, average concentrations of arsenic in water are up to 100 ug/1. According to MCL, present technologies are unadjusted for safely arsenic removal for concentrations below of 10 ug/1. This fact has inspired many companies to solve this problem adequately, by using an alternative technologies and new process able materials. In this paper the observation of conventional and the alternative technologies will be given, bearing in mind complex chemistry and electrochemistry of arsenic, formation of colloidal arsenic, which causes the biggest problems in water purification technologies. In this paper many results will be presented, which are obtained using the alternative technologies, as well as the newest results of original author's investigations. Using new nanomaterials, on Pilot plant "VALETA H2O-92", concentration of arsenic was removed far below MLC value.
The investigation of Co(II)-dextran complexes
Authors: Mitic Zarko , Nikolic Goran , Cakic Milorad , Nikolic Ruzica , Ilic Ljubomir
Published: July 2008

Co(II) ion complex compounds were synthesized with reduced dextran (RD) in alkali solutions using CoCl2, 6H2O and isolated in the solid state. UV-VIS spectrophotometric investigations of Co(II) complexes with reduced dextran showed that the complexation of Co(II) ions begins at pH over 7. The formation of Co(II) ion complexes with dextran monomer units was observed at pH 7-13. With increase in solution pH the light absorption maximum of complex solutions shifts to longer wavelengths (bat-hochromic shift) compared with [Co(H2O)6]2+ ion. Dextran complexes with Co(II) ion are formed by the displacement of water molecules from the coordination sphere of cobalt by the OH ligand groups. The spectrophotometric parameters of the investigated complexes are characteristic of a Co(II) ion in octahedral or distorted octahedral coordination with O ligand atoms.
Modeling and simulation of the bioprocess with recirculation
Authors: Zerajic Stanko , Cvetkovic Dragan , Mladenovic Ilija
Published: July 2008

The bioprocess models with recirculation present an integration of the model of continuous bioreaction system and the model of separation system. The reaction bioprocess is integrated with separation the biomass, formed product, no consumed substrate or inhibitory substance. In this paper the simulation model of recirculation bioprocess was developed, which may be applied for increasing the biomass productivity and product biosynthesis increasing the conversion of a substrate-to-product, mixing efficiency and secondary C02 separation. The goal of the work is optimal bioprocess configuration, which is determined by simulation optimization. The optimal hemostat state was used as referent. Step-by-step simulation method is necessary because the initial bioprocess state is changing with recirculation in each step. The simulation experiment confirms that at the recirculation ratio a. = 0.275 and the concentration factor C = 4 the maximum glucose conversion to ethanol and at a dilution rate ten times larger.
Essential oil of Arnica montana and Arnica chamissonis
Authors: Ristic Mihailo , Krivokuca-Djokic Dragana , Radanovic Dragoja , Nastovski Tatjana
Published: July 2008

The essential oil isolated from flowers of Arnica montana and A chamissonis grown on Tara mountain and neighbourhood of Uzice was analyzed. Three samples of A. montana and three of A. chamissonis were tested. The oil was isolated by distillation in a Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed by gas chromatography. The content of the oil was lower than 0.1% (up to 0.08%) in all the samples. Among about hundred recorded constituents, 84 were identified and quantified. Sum of contents of identified components ranged between 96.1 and 98.8%. The most abundant constituents of the A. montana oil were p-caryophyllene (31.5-34.6%), germacrene D (12.5-16.3%), trans-a-ionone (3.9-4.3%) and decanal (2.7-5.3%), while, in the case of A. chamissonis these were germacrene D (18.0-38.3%), a-pinene (6.6-19.1%), p-cymene (2.9-9.0%) and P-caryophyllene (2.7-4.7%). Along with detail chemical analysis of essential oil of these two commercially important herbal drugs it should be noticed that gas chromatographic technique can be used for differentiation of A. montana and A. chamissonis.
Characterization of aliphatic hyperbranched polyesters by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry
Authors: Vukovic Jasna , Jovanovic Slobodan , Lechner Manfred
Published: July 2008

In this work, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry was used for the characterization of aliphatic hyperbranched polyesters (AHBP), synthesized from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (bis-MPA) and di-trimethylolpropane. From the obtained results it was concluded that it was not possible to take complete advantages of MALDI-TOF MS in this particular case, since the AHBP used in this work were polydisperse. The intensity of the signals from the high mass tail of these samples (pseudo generation higher than four) was underestimated and insufficient to distinguish it from the baseline and to use it for the analysis of the spectra. As a consequence of that, lower values of the Mn were obtained. At the same time, Mw were also underestimated, which led to very low values of the polydispersity index. On the other hand, it was possible to obtain molar masses of individual molecules from the MALDI-TOF mass spectra of AHBP and to qualitatively determine the extent of cyclization (side reactions) at each degree of polymerization. Using the adequate set of equations and results obtained from MALDI-TOF mass spectra of AHBP, every signal from the spectra was identified. The obtained results show that formation of poly(bis-MPA), intramolecular esterification and intramolecular etherification occurred as side reactions during the synthesis of these polyesters. The relative amount of the cycles increases with the number of pseudo generation (from the second up to the fifth pseudo generation). It was also observed that the relative proportion of the signals which represent cyclic structures increases with the increasing degree of polymerization. In this work the basic principles of MALDI-TOF MS are also presented, as well as, a review of adequate published articles.
Decompositions in the production of low density polyethylene: Reasons, consequences and prevention
Authors: Stoiljkovic Dragoslav , Jovanovic Slobodan , Djordjevic Jovica , Damjanovic Budimir
Published: July 2008

In the production of low density polyethylene by free radical polymerization of ethylene at high pressure, ethylene and polyethylene occasionally decompose to carbon, hydrogen and methane resulting in an enormous increase of pressure and temperature. Huge explosions occur in a polymerization reactor and in other parts of the installation. In addition to the well known reasons of decompositions, in this work it is pointed out that the polymerization under critical entropy conditions is an additional cause of explosions, which has not been recognized and elaborated in scientific literature and industrial practice.
The investigation of influence of adhesion promoters on adhesion bond between vulcanisate and zinc coated steel cord in products based on mixtures of natural and 1,4-cis-polybutadiene rubber
Authors: Gojic Mirko , Stojanovic Miodrag
Published: July 2008

The mixtures of elastomer compounds based on natural and 1,4-cispolybutadiene rubber of 80:20 ratio, were used for the investigation of adhesion promoters influence on adhesion of vulcanisate to steel cord. Ni-stearate and resorsynol-formaldehyde resin combined with hexamethylenetetramine in various mass ratios were included as adhesion promoters. Elastomer mixtures were prepared using a laboratory double mill, and the rheological and vulcanization characteristics were examined on a vulcameter provided with an oscillating disc, a higher temperature of 145 ?C. The crosslinking of the mixture was carried out by press, at a temperature of 145 ?C and specific pressure of 40 bar, in period of 45 minutes. A wide number of standardized methods for physical mechanical characterization of vulcanization prior and after accelerated aging were used. The adhesion of vulcanizate bond with zinc coated steel cord was determined according to the so called H-test, by measuring the pulling-out force of the cord from the vulcanized block, and the degree of coverage of cord with vulcanizate after separation. The results of examinations show significant dependence of physico-mechanical characteristics and adhesion forces on the type and amount of used adhesion promoters in experimental elastomer mixtures.
Slobodan Jovanovic, Katarina Jeremic: Karakterisanje polimera, Tehnolosko metalurski fakultet, Beograd, 2007
Authors: Djonlagic Jasna
Published: July 2008

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Inequalities involving inverse circular and inverse hyperbolic functions
Authors: Neuman Edward
Published: July 2008

Inequalities connecting inverse circular and inverse hyperbolic functions are established. These results are obtained with the aid of an elementary transcendental function which belongs to the family of R-hyper geometric functions discussed in detail in Carlson?s monograph [2].
Critical sets in Latin squares given that they are symmetric
Authors: Mojdeh Ali , Rad Jafari
Published: July 2008

A uniquely completable (UC) set U is a subset of a Latin square L such that L is the only superset of U which is a Latin square. A critical set C of L is a subset of L such that C is uniquely completable and no subset of C has this property. We show that there is a symmetric Latin square with fixed main diagonal entries for each even number, and obtain a uniquely completable partial symmetric Latin square of order 2n for each n and prove that, it is critical set for n = 3, 4, 5 and 6, and make a problem.
No star-like trees are Laplacian co-spectral
Authors: Feng Lihua , Yu Guihai
Published: July 2008

It is proved in this paper that no two star-like trees are Laplacian co-spectral, and the star-like trees with maximum degree 3 and 4 are determined by their Laplacian spectrum.
There are integral trees of diameter 7
Authors: Híc Pavel , Pokorný Milan
Published: July 2008

A graph G is called integral if all the roots of the characteristic polynomial P(G; x) are integers. In this paper, four integral trees of diameter 7 are given. These integral trees are the first integral trees of diameter 7 which have been found so far.
Ideal membership in signomial rings
Authors: Mijajlovic Zarko , Milosevic Milos , Perovic Aleksandar
Published: July 2008

The paper presents decidability of ideal membership for finitely generated signomial ideals with rational exponents over computable field K of characteristic 0. We also prove the existence of no-recursive ideals in K[xQ], where xQ = xQ1?.xQn n is a multiplicative copy of the monoid Qn = Q ( ? ( Q.
A review of Publications of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering Series Mathematics - 1990-2007
Authors: Cvetkovic Dragos , Mihailovic B. , Radosavljevic Z. , Rasajski M.
Published: July 2008

This article gives the author index and some statistical data on the whole edition of Publications of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Series Mathematics, Volumes 1-18, i.e. from the resumption of the journal in 1990 until 2007.
Did socio-political changes in Serbia changed the level of authoritarianism and ethnocentrism of citizens?
Authors: Biro Miklos , Mihic Vladimir , Milin Petar , Logar-Djuric Svetlana
Published: July 2008

The subject of this paper is the comparison of the results of the survey of public opinion before and after the change of the regime in Serbia as of 5th October 2000. Both researches (May 2000 and June 2001) were field researches, reaching for households, using random sample of the citizens of Serbia, without Kosovo. The obtained results show that the change of regime in Serbia was followed with the change in the sense of decreased expression of authoritarianism and ethnocentrism after one year of democratic rule. However, the question which still remains is - whether the registered change is the result of social-political circumstances, and whether it is the reflection of essential changes of value systems, or just different experience of social desirability of particular attitudes.
Cultural influence on aims of inclusion of mothers in pre-school children's play
Authors: Mihic-Lisul Ivana , Kapor-Stanulovic Petronila
Published: July 2008

Child is introduced with the contents of culture at first through numerous influences culture has on family life, especially on defining parenting roles. Patriarchal culture, still strong in Yugoslavia, is full of norms that clearly define roles of elders and men, and excellently demarcates differences between father's and mother's role in bringing up their children, defined by the level of responsibility attached to parents in upbringing and educating a child. Research conducted in Novi Sad, Yugoslavia in January 2002, with the primary aim of diagnosing differences in frequency and quality of parent-pre-school children play concerning many relevant correlates, most important of which is the sex of the parent. Data show high distinctive quality difference in types and approaches to play in regard of the parent in question. Differences show that patriarchal culture's influence is still very strong. The results show that mothers are burdened with the higher level of responsibility, inevitably leading to higher parenting stress. The level of parenting stress can then influence the quality of meeting the requests put to parents, as well as raising level of general anxiety in all the activities concerning the child, therefore the play itself as well.
Some socio-demographic and psychological correlates of the achievement motive
Authors: Salaj-Francesko Mirjana , Kodzopeljic Jasmina , Mihic Vladimir
Published: July 2008

Research is dealing with the following: Do men and women differ in level or structure of the achievement motive? Are level of education and age significant factors in differentiation of young concerning the level of achievement motive? Do such values as collectivism/individualism and conservativism/radicalism correlate with the person's tendency to succeed? Sample was 382 men and women, average age of 21 and different levels of education. Scale MOP 2002 (Francesko, Mihic, Bala) has been applied for the achievement motive measurement; level of collectivism/individualism has been measured by KOIN2002 (Kodzopeljic, Sakotic, Janicic) and for the dimension conservativism/radicalism scale KORA2002 (Janicic, Majstorovic, Genc) has been used. All scales mentioned have very good metric characteristics. Results show that men and women do not differ significantly concerning the score at the achievement motive scale, but they do differ in two factors that make this motive. Women show more persistency in achieving the aim and more often, compared to men, find pleasure in achieving those aims. Concerning the level of education, only one component (competition) showed relevant differences. Younger and less educated people showed higher tendency to compete. Total score at the MOP2002 scale correlates positively with the total score at the conservativism scale; also, correlation has been found between components of these two dispositions.
Constancies and illusions in visual perception
Authors: Todorovic Dejan
Published: July 2008

This paper presents a systematic exposition of the general structure of visual constancies and illusions, including the introduction of a number of conceptual distinctions, illustrated by many examples. The study of these phenomena involves the distal, the proximal, and the phenomenal domain. The relations of concordance and discordance between pairs of domains are defined, followed by the definitions of four visual modes (concordant, proximal, constancy, illusion) as particular constellations of concordance-discordance relations between all three domains. Constancies and illusions are characterized by proximal-phenomenal discordance. Attributes of entities of visual domains are divided into the geometric (size, shape, location, orientation) and the photometric (reflectance, illumination) class. The phenomenal domain involves two types of attributes, one group distally and the other proximally focused. Research on both constancies and illusions can be described as involving the study of the effects of two independent variables on a dependent variable. The first independent variable (target variable) is a distal attribute, such as size, shape etc. In constancy studies, the second independent variable (confound variable), is a variable such as distance, orientation etc, that, together with the confound variable, affects the corresponding proximal variable (such as proximal size, shape etc). In illusion studies, confound variables do not affect the proximal variables, but do affect the corresponding phenomenal variables. The main part of the paper consists in the descriptions of studies of constancies and illusions of size, shape, location, orientation, and achromatic and chromatic color, all presented in a common format, which facilitates the comparison of their similarities and differences. The importance of presentation conditions (full-cue versus reduced cue) and instruction type (distally versus proximally focused) is stressed. Finally, salient cases are pointed out in which relations between phenomenal variables tend to take a form qualitatively similar to the relation of the corresponding non-phenomenal variables.
A new variant of the barberpole effect: Psychophysical data and computer simulations
Authors: Todorovic Dejan
Published: July 2008

The classic barberpole effect shows that perceived direction of motion of parallel line segments depends on the orientation of the frame defined by segment end points. A stimulus configuration was created by crossing two oblique barberpoles. Perceived motion in the crossed portion of the configuration is bi-stable, alternating between two oblique directions defined by the two component barberpoles. Ratings of dominance of perceived motion direction in the crossed portion of two barberpoles of different width and orientation revealed a strong preference for the wider component barberpole and a weak preference for the nearer-to-vertical component barberpole. A network model is presented in which each unit inhibits units with different direction sensitivity and co-extensive receptive fields, and excites units with equal direction sensitivity and neighboring receptive fields. Simulations of the temporal evolution of the spatial activity profile exhibit the effect of barberpole width and the bi-stability of percepts. Fatigue of highly adapted units enables the gradual emergence of non-adapted units. Small initial variations can lead to profound differences in the final state of the system, explaining the quasi-random fluctuation between the two perceptual variants.
Analysis of depth percepts induced by mobile two-dimensional stimuli
Authors: Zdravkovic Suncica
Published: July 2008

In two experiments the depth effect induced by motion of two dots was investigated by estimations of length and angle of inclination of the perceived rod that moves in 3-D space. A third control experiment assessed the corresponding 2-D percepts with static stimuli. In Experiment 1 the dots moved on straight paths, and in Experiment 2 they moved on elliptical paths. The results were compared with predictions from Johansson's frontal-parallel principle. The principle was confirmed for dots moving on convergent paths, the results were inconclusive for straight paths, and the principle was disconfirmed for divergent paths.
Processing of inflected nouns and levels of cognitive sensitivity
Authors: Kostic Aleksandar , Mirkovic Jelena
Published: July 2008

In a series of experiments with lexical decision task it was demonstrated that processing of inflected Serbian noun forms is determined by the amount of information (bits) carried by those forms. The amount of information is derived from form's probability and number of syntactic functions/meanings carried by a form. Form's probability, on the other hand, is specified within gender paradigm (e. g. what is the probability of suffix x to be attached to a feminine noun?) by summing up probabilities of cases shared by a given inflected form. Within a paradigm of feminine nouns, however, there are number of subparadigms that differ in case distribution of their inflected forms and, by the same token, in distribution of the amount of information distribution. Previous studies have shown that the amount of information derived from probabilities of inflected forms derived from the dominant paradigm account for almost all processing variability. In this study we investigate whether processing of inflected forms from the non-dominant paradigm is affected by its probability distribution or by probability distribution of the dominant paradigm. The outcome of the experiment indicated that processing latencies to inflected forms are determined by probabilities derived from the dominant subparadigm.
Processing of verb tense
Authors: Kostic Aleksandar , Havelka Jelena
Published: July 2008

Processing of Serbian inflected verbs was investigated in two lexical decision experiments. In the first experiment subjects were presented with five forms of future tense, while in the second experiment the same verbs were presented in three forms of present and future tense. The outcome of the first experiment indicates that processing of inflected verb is determined by the amount of information derived from the average probability per congruent personal pronoun of a particular verb form. This implies that the cognitive system is not sensitive to verb person per se, nor to the gender of congruent personal pronoun. Results of the second experiment show that for verb forms of different tenses, presented in the same experiment, the amount of information has to be additionally modulated by tense probability. Such an outcome speaks in favor of cognitive relevance of verb tense.
Modern tendencies in psychotherapy: The specialisation of practice and knowledge integration
Authors: Gavrilov-Jerkovic Vesna
Published: July 2008

The paper considers chronological and theoretical development of psychotherapy with the aim of formulating psychotherapeutic paradigm as an expression of scientific improvement in this field, as well as methodological and empirical assumption of integrative models in the psychotherapy. Special attention is paid to the phenomena that have characterised the field of psychotherapy in recent time, such as, on one hand, the emphasis on the increased need for the empirical evaluation of practice and accompanied trend regarding specialisation, and, on the other hand, the strengthening of the trend towards defining and researching general change mechanisms from wider, more integrative and transtheoretical perspective.
Tendency to self-handicapping in the situation of expected failure
Authors: Smederevac-Stokic Snezana , Novovic Zdenka , Milin Petar , Janicic Bojan , Pajic Dejan , Biro Miklos
Published: July 2008

The basic objective of this research is to determine what type of self-handicapping strategies subjects will use when they face potential failure, under the condition that they have the possibility of strategy choice. Another research objective is directed to the research of relation between the selected self-handicapping strategy and personality characteristics. 120 student of the second and third year of the Department of psychology, University of Novi Sad has been taken into sample. In the first research stage, all students administrated a series of personality self-report tests. In the second experiment stage, the participants were divided into four groups, on the basis of two criteria: the solvability of intelligence test tasks and the presence of hampering factors during task solving. The research results show that there are at least two types of self-handicapping strategies. One type is used by the majority of people when found in the situation where potential failure is expected. It refers to searching for alibis in external circumstances and it is probably the reflection of sound tendencies of facing possible consequences of information on one?s own incompetence. Another type of strategies presents consistent behaviour pattern, determined by the higher degree of adverse affectivity and negative image of oneself, and it is manifested in the use of poor psychophysical condition as the alibi for failure.
The influence of causal attribution of parents on developing the child enuresis
Authors: Jerkovic Ivan
Published: July 2008

Causal attributions are affirmed as a cognitive element able to explain emotional and motivational aspects of behaviour of some categories of adult psychiatric patients, primarily depressive ones. Theoretical and practical success of cognitive ideas in explaining the origination of depressive disorders, and in the monitoring of depressive patient treatment has led to further development of theory, but also to the attempt to apply the learning about causal attributions to various problems. Characteristic attempts are those that the problems of child abuse, children?s depression, upbringing problems, school failure, hyperactivity, enuresis, and long-term effects of different child treatment, too, are analysed from the point of view of causal attributions. By assessing parent causal attributions regarding child night urination, we wanted to establish to what extent specific attributions for child behaviour differentiate the parents of children having this problem from those parents whose children have established control. Parents were assessed in terms of four dimensions of causal attributions for child?s problem. Those are the dimensions of globality, counter-lability, internality, and the stability of the cause of child?s problem. The analysis of parent causal attributions show that mothers and fathers in both assessed groups similarly experience the cause of enuretic problems of their children. Enuresis is seen as caused by specific, internal, and instable causes. Such a system of dimensions could correspond to the belief that the main etiological factor of the enuresis is maturing. For more reliable verification of this attitude, longitudinal strategy in research is necessary, especially to comprehend whether parental attributions have been developed as an effect of persistent enuresis, or whether the enuresis is developed as an effect of parental attributions.
An attempt of classification of theoretical approaches to national identity
Authors: Milosevic-Djordjevic Jasna
Published: July 2008

It is compulsory that complex social concepts should be defined in different ways and approached from the perspective of different science disciplines. Therefore, it is difficult to precisely define them without overlapping of meaning with other similar concepts. This paper has made an attempt towards theoretical classification of the national identity and differentiate that concept in comparison to the other related concepts (race, ethnic group, nation, national background, authoritativeness, patriarchy). Theoretical assessments are classified into two groups: ones that are dealing with nature of national identity and others that are stating one or more dimensions of national identity, crucial for its determination. On the contrary to the primordialistic concept of national identity, describing it as a fundamental, deeply rooted human feature, there are many numerous contemporary theoretical approaches (instrumentalist, constructivist, functionalistic), emphasizing changeable, fluid, instrumentalist function of the national identity. Fundamental determinants of national identity are: language, culture (music, traditional myths), state symbols (territory, citizenship), self-categorization, religion, set of personal characteristics and values.
The accuracy of intensity ratings of emotions from facial expressions
Authors: Kostic Aleksandra
Published: July 2008

The results of a study on the accuracy of intensity ratings of emotion from facial expressions are reported. The so far research into the field has shown that spontaneous facial expressions of basic emotions are a reliable source of information about the category of emotion. The question is raised of whether this can be true for the intensity of emotion as well and whether the accuracy of intensity ratings is dependent on the observer?s sex and vocational orientation. A total of 228 observers of both sexes and of various vocational orientations rated the emotional intensity of presented facial expressions on a scale-range from 0 to 8. The results have supported the hypothesis that spontaneous facial expressions of basic emotions do provide sufficient information about emotional intensity. The hypothesis on the interdependence between the accuracy of intensity ratings of emotion and the observer?s sex and vocational orientation has not been confirmed. However, the accuracy of intensity rating has been proved to vary with the category of the emotion presented.
Ethnic distance in primary school children and their parents
Authors: Mihic Vladimir , Mihic-Lisul Ivana
Published: July 2008

This paper aims to answer whether an ethnic distance in young children, age 11-12 (third and fourth year of primary school)s, as well as if their parents can be determined and what are the levels of that distance. Main techniques used were Bogardus` scale of social distance (somewhat modified for the children) and a questionnaire for the parents dealing with some aspects of knowledge about the culture. Results show that levels of ethnic distance are much higher in children, but also that this problem can be dealt with and in that spirit some directions on how to prevent the development of this distance were also given.
The personality traits of observers and the acquaintanceship as factors of assessment of others
Authors: Smederevac Snezana , Antic Tijana
Published: July 2008

The main purpose of this study was to determine the relation between the degree of acquaintance and assessment of other persons? personality traits and attribution of their behaviour. The second aim was to examine relation between personality traits of observers and their perception of actor?s personality traits and attribution of actor?s behaviour. The study was conducted on a sample of 76 subjects divided into two groups, on the basis of degree of acquaintance with actors. First group estimated a close person, a best friend. Second group estimated a person they are not acquainted with. This person was described in an invented interview. In the first part of the research, all subjects completed The Big Five Inventory (John, 1991). In the second part of the research, subjects estimated personality traits of actors (using BFI) and attributed actor?s behaviour using The Attributional Style Questionnaire (Peterson et al., 1982). The results suggest that there are at least two types of bias in estimation of other people. One type is in relation with acquaintance. Observers estimate close persons more positively than persons they don?t know. Second type of bias is in relation to personality traits of observers. These personality traits are Consciousness, Extraversion and Openness.
Conceptions of poverty and wealth among schoolchildren
Authors: Miskovic Spomenka
Published: July 2008

This research attempts to explore conceptions of poverty and wealth typical for Belgrade schoolchildren in two different ages: 13,5 years and 17,5 years (total N=222). We identified the content and the structure of conceptions, as well as the age differences for every conception element. The criteria for identification that younger children used were: possessing, appearance, psychical characteristic and specific social group affiliation, while older children demonstrated social schemes of larger complexity and stated: general needs, evaluation of life, different ways of becoming rich or poor, describing life-styles. Relations between various explanations of poverty and wealth revealed the existence of one homogeneous structural component (blaming the system) as well as the presence of conditional non homogeneous individualistic one. Schoolchildren with higher socioeconomic status prefered individualistic (positive) explanations of wealth in comparison with children that had lower socioeconomic status. At the same time, we found no difference in using structuralistic explanations of poverty between schoolchildren who had different socioeconomic status. Parental level of education turned out to be irrelevant for social criticism.
Early vision and visual attention
Authors: Gvozdenovic Vasilije
Published: July 2008

The question whether visual perception is spontaneous, sudden or is running through several phases, mediated by higher cognitive processes, was raised ever since the early work of Gestalt psychologists. In the early 1980s, Treisman proposed the feature integration theory of attention (FIT), based on the findings of neuroscience. Soon after publishing her theory a new scientific approach appeared investigating several visual perception phenomena. The most widely researched were the key constructs of FIT, like types of visual search and the role of the attention. The following review describes the main studies of early vision and visual attention.
Amodal completion of partly occluded figures: Effect of contour orientation
Authors: Markovic Slobodan , Gvozdenovic Vasilije
Published: July 2008

In present study the temporal dimension of amodal completion in visual occlusion was investigated. We supposed that the visual system prefers to complete normally (vertically-horizontally) oriented contours than the oblique ones. Using the prime-matching paradigm we investigated the strength of amodal primes effects on processing speed of relating test figures. Both, prime and test stimuli were presented in normal and oblique (45o) orientations. The primes were pairs of identical figures: CC (truncked squares), SS (hexagons) and AA (amodal patterns: circle occludes either amodal C or amodal S). Temporal distribution of stimuli: prime 400ms, ISIs 20ms and test figures until response. Test figures were the ?same? pairs, CC and SS, and the ?different? pairs, SC and CS. Each ?same? test figures had its identical prime (CC => CC or SS => SS) and its amodal prime (AA => CC and AA => SS). The subjects were asked to answer whether the figures in test stimuli were same or different. The ?same? RTs were analysed. The effect of amodal prime was systematically weaker (longer RT) than the effect of identical primes. Orientation was not significant factor. The significant partial interaction prime x orientation was obtained for C test figures: the effect of amodal prime was closer to effect of identical prime when the contour was normally oriented. In the case of S test figures the interaction was not obtained. We concluded that the more symmetric test figure (S) was resistant to the prime effect.
Depth perception induced by mobile configurations
Authors: Zdravkovic Suncica
Published: July 2008

Depth perception is one of the oldest and most intriguing problems in visual perception. This paper presents four sets of experiments in which the depth effect is induced by motion. Geometrical model depicting amodal percept, created by two mobile dots, was tested in the first two sets of experiments. The dots were presented on a CRT screen and the percept was quantified. The length and the angle of inclination were measured. Four factors were varied in the experiments: 1) length of an amodal rod, 2) its angle of inclination, 3) shape of the rod?s paths and 4) angle of inclination of the plains which contained the paths. All of the factors were statistically significant confirming proposed geometrical model. A full mobile line was a stimulus in the other two sets of experiments. The end points of the line moved on the same paths as the mobile dots from the first two sets of experiments. According to geometry the line should not provide more information than the mobile dots. Nevertheless perceptually the line and the dots were not identical: there was a significant difference on all four varied factors. Consequently the geometrical model can not be applied to this type of stimuli.
Aesthetic preference of object position on pictures
Authors: Toskovic Oliver , Markovic Slobodan
Published: July 2008

In this study three hypothesis were evaluated. The first claims that the golden section position is an ideal position of an object on a picture and that this position does not depend on picture shape, or on the number of objects on it. According to the second hypothesis, the aesthetically optimal effect is achieved when the focus is on the right side of the picture ( for asymmetrically composed pictures). According to the third hypothesis, there is an influence of previous stimulation on aesthetic experience; that is, because of the monotony, the aesthetic preference of observers will change. An experiment was done, with two sections. In the first section, subjects were asked to put a little black circle, on three different shapes of cards (square, golden rectangle and rectangle), in a such way that the given configuration is the most beautiful one in their own opinion. The second section of the experiment was almost identical to the first one, with the exception that the subjects were asked to put two circles on each of the cards. Each one of the three hypothesis was confirmed by the results of this experiment. The preferred position of the circle is the same as the position of the golden section and it does not change with the change of card shape and number of objects. There is a clear preference of the upper-right corner of cards. The preferred position of an object is changed with repetition of the same stimulation (the same shape of cards and the same number of circles).
Processing of inflected adjectives
Authors: Filipovic Dusica , Kostic Aleksandar
Published: July 2008

Processing of inflected Serbian verbs was investigated in two lexical decision experiments. Specifically, the following issues were addressed: a. does the adjectival system contain syntactic functions and meanings, and b. are adjectival gender and case cognitively relevant properties. Each of the above issues could be expressed in terms of alternative equations that generate the amount of information carried by inflected form of an adjective. The informational values were correlated with mean reaction time to inflected adjectival forms. The outcome of the two experiments indicated that number of syntactic functions/meanings is the obligatory term in the equation that generates the amount of information carried by an adjectival inflected form. However, unlike nouns, where the amount information was specified in terms of ratio between a. sum of frequencies of inflected cases encompassed by a given inflected form and b. sum of its functions/ meanings, equation for adjectives includes sum of frequency by number of syntactic functions/meanings ratios for cases encompassed by a given inflected adjectival form. This, on the other hand, suggests that cognitive system when processing inflected adjectives is to some extent sensitive to adjectival case. It was also demonstrated that cognitive system is not sensitive to adjective gender.
Boundaries of the personality and their early development
Authors: Dimitrijevic Aleksandar
Published: July 2008

The first part of this paper reviews different notions of personality boundaries in dynamic psychology. Although the explicit treatment of this topic was scarce, three different approaches may be discerned. Paul Federn's introduction of the concept, the notion of boundaries in object relation theories, and various contemporary notions subsumed under the heading ?relational theories.? In the second part, the author reviews both experimental and clinical research and theory regarding the emergence of personality boundaries during the first eight weeks of development. Special attention is paid to the importance of developmentally most primitive mental representations of skin experiences for this process.
A roughly mapped terra incognita: Image of the child in adult-oriented media contents
Authors: Korac Nada , Vranjesevic Jelena
Published: July 2008

The study analyzes the image of the child in the media contents intended for adult audiences in Serbia, considering the importance of the role media play in shaping public opinion on children, as well as the influence of such public opinion on adults' attitudes, decisions and actions concerning children. The study focuses on visibility and portrayal of children in the media, in order to determine to what extent children are present in them, and in what way. Relevant data were collected for three media - press, radio and television - mostly covering the entire territory of Serbia, over two consecutive months (April - May 2001). Content analysis revealed that children are not only underrepresented, but also misrepresented, in Serbian media.
Symmetrical social relation as a factor in conservation tasks
Authors: Krstic Ksenija , Baucal Aleksandar
Published: July 2008

According to Siegal?s hypothesis, despite having concrete operational abilities some children are not successful in conservation tasks. Social factors, such as repetition of question asked by an adult experimenter alter the manifestation of existing cognitive abilities. This study varied the following aspects of conservation tasks: symmetrical vs. asymmetrical power relation. The children in the study were asked to solve three different conservation tasks (quantity of continued material, length, and number). Each task was repeated twice; once with an adult experimenter and once with a child experimenter. Results show that children?s responses were affected by social factors only in a certain tasks. In other tasks children?s responses remained unaffected in both situations. This suggests that there exists an interaction between the experimenter and the task, and that the affect of social factor is mediated by a particular characteristic of the task. Results indicate that the modifying factor is the task difficulty.