bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Passivity-Based Sliding Mode Control for the Robust Trajectory Tracking of Unmanned Surface Vessels Under External Disturbances and Model Uncertainty
Authors: Ma Luke , Pang Siyi , He Yao , Wu Yongxin , Li Yanjun , Zhou Weijun
Published: February 2025

This study uses a port-Hamiltonian framework to address trajectory tracking control for unmanned surface vessels (USVs) under unknown disturbances. A passivity-based sliding mode controller is designed, integrating adaptive disturbance estimation and an RBFNN-based uncertainty estimator. Stability is rigorously proven, and simulations confirm superior tracking performance, strong disturbance rejection, and accurate uncertainty estimation.
Forecasting of Tropical Storm Wind Speeds Based on Multi-Step Differencing and Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Tao Tianyou , Deng Peng , Xu Fan , Xu Yichao
Published: February 2025

The tropical storm is a severe wind disaster that frequently attacks coastal structures and infrastructure facilities. Accurate wind speed forecasting of tropical storms, based on real-time measured data, has become a critical issue in the engineering community. Utilizing the measured data of typical tropical storms at Sutong Bridge, this study develops a new approach for wind speed forecasting, which integrates multi-step differencing with an artificial neural network-based model. Given the non-stationary nature of tropical storm wind speeds, a multi-step differencing operation is initially applied to the wind speed time series. Subsequently, multi-step predictions of the differenced wind speeds are made for future time points. Finally, an inverse differencing operation is employed to reconstruct the wind speeds to be forecasted. The forecasting errors associated with single-step differencing, multi-step differencing, and no differencing are compared to evaluate their respective performances. To validate the generalizability of the developed approach, it is further used in the wind speed forecasting of another typhoon wind speed dataset. The satisfactory performance demonstrates the effectiveness of the developed approach for multi-step wind speed forecasting of tropical storms.
A Highly Efficient Graphene-Based Material for the Removal of Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Vassileva Paunka , Voykova Dimitrinka , Kichukova Diana , Lazarova Tsvetomila , Atanasova Genoveva , Kovacheva Daniela , Spassova Ivanka
Published: February 2025

Graphene materials and their derivatives have shown promising capabilities in removing anionic and cationic dyes from wastewater. The present study aims at the synthesis of graphene-based material with a high specific surface area and evaluates its use as an adsorbent for removing toluidine blue and methyl violet from aqueous solutions. The physicochemical characterization of the adsorbent before and after dye adsorption is made by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, TEM, nitrogen physisorption, TG-DTA, and XPS. The influence of the solution’s pH, contact time, dye concentration, and temperature on the adsorption efficiency is investigated. The adsorbent demonstrated high adsorption capacity towards toluidine blue (265.2 mg.g−1) and methyl violet (200.4 mg.g−1) dyes from water. The adsorption process for both dyes follows the Langmuir model and involves physical rather than chemical interactions. Kinetic parameters were also determined. The adsorption of the studied cationic dyes can be attributed to a combination of mechanisms, including electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and π-π interactions between the dye molecules and the aromatic structure of reduced graphene oxide. The findings in the present work highlight the possibilities for enhancing graphene-based materials’ adsorption capabilities.
Production and Shielding Effectiveness Features of Chopped Strands Backed-GdMnO3 Composites for 6.5–17.5 GHz Applications
Authors: Emek Mehriban , Şahin Ethem İlhan , Ibrahim Jamal Eldin F.M.
Published: February 2025

This research investigates the synthesis and characterization of GdMnO3/chopped strands composites using the conventional oxide mixing technique. A single-phase GdMnO3 compound was successfully formed through sintering at 1350 °C for 20 h. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed phase purity and uniform grain morphology. The microwave shielding effectiveness of GdMnO3/chopped strands composites was evaluated within the 6.5–17.5 GHz frequency range using a network analyzer (NA). The GdMnO3/chopped strands composite with a 60–40% weight ratio exhibited superior shielding performance, achieving a minimum shielding effectiveness of −35.61 dB at 6.9 GHz, while the 80–20% composite reached −32.54 dB at 16.74 GHz. Both compositions demonstrated shielding effect values below −10 dB across wide frequency bands, with significant attenuation below −20 dB at various GHz ranges. The study demonstrates that by adjusting the content of the components in the samples, the microwave shielding effect performance of the GdMnO3/chopped strands composites can be easily controlled to meet the requirements of specific frequency bands. These findings highlight the potential of GdMnO3-based composites for tailored microwave shielding applications, particularly in the military, aerospace, and telecommunication industries.
Multi-Objective Geometry Optimization of Additive-Manufactured Hexagonal Honeycomb Sandwich Beams Under Quasi-Static Three-Point Bending Loading
Authors: Cecchini Andres , Menegozzo Marco , Roman Emerson
Published: February 2025

This research paper presents the findings of a design optimization analysis conducted on additive-manufactured thermoplastic sandwich structures with hexagonal honeycombs subjected to quasi-static three-point bending. Based on experimental results, finite element analysis, and analytical models, the relationship between four selected design variables (i.e., cell wall length ratio, cell wall angle, cell wall thickness, and skin thickness) and the structure’s mass, flexural stiffness, and maximum load capacity was determined. The influence of each design variable on the aforementioned structural properties was mathematically represented using three scaling laws to formulate a multi-objective optimization problem. Two conflicting objective functions, one for the mass and the other for the reciprocal of the maximum load capacity, along with a nonlinear constraint equation for the minimum allowed flexural stiffness of the sandwich structure were developed. The optimal values of the design variables were determined using two optimization methods, the Pareto optimal front and genetic algorithm, and by applying the Improved Minimum Distance Selection Method (IMDSM). Optimized designs were obtained for different values of flexural stiffness. It was found that, independently of the stiffness constraint value, the optimal value of the cell wall length ratio was 0.2 and the optimal cell wall thickness was 1.4 mm, which correspond to the minimum cell wall length ratio and maximum cell wall thickness considered in this study, respectively. On the other hand, if higher flexural stiffness is required for the structure, both cell wall angle and skin thickness must be increased accordingly. Furthermore, an increase in flexural stiffness is accompanied by an increase in both the mass and maximum load capacity of the structure.
Effects of In Situ Porous Carbon Modification on Thermal Energy Storage of Paraffin/Expanded Vermiculite Form-Stable Composite Phase Change Materials
Authors: Zhang Shaogang , Chen Huijing , Xin Yixiu , Zhao Jiaqing , Li Jinhong , Min Xin , Zhang Xiaoguang
Published: February 2025

The utilization of form-stable phase change materials (PCMs) represents a reliable technology for achieving energy conversion. In this study, starch was impregnated into the layers of expanded vermiculite (EVM) and subsequently carbonized at high temperatures to produce in situ carbon layers modified materials (EVMC), which enhance heat storage efficiency. The EVMC, characterized by its carbon network, acted as encapsulated material, leading to the development of paraffin (P)/EVCM-based shape-stable composite PCM (EVMCP). The latent heat of the EVMCP was measured at 179 J/g, surpassing that of EVMP at 144.8 J/g. This finding suggested that in situ porous carbon significantly improves the heat storage ability. Furthermore, non-isothermal crystallization curves indicated that EVMC markedly accelerated the nucleation and simultaneously restricted the non-isothermal crystal growth.
Transition Control of a Rotary Double Inverted Pendulum Using Direct Collocation
Authors: Ju Doyoon , Lee Taegun , Lee Young Sam
Published: February 2025

The rotary double inverted pendulum system is characterized by one stable equilibrium point and three unstable equilibrium points due to its kinematic properties. This paper defines the transition control problem between these equilibrium points to extend the conventional swing-up control problem and proposes an implementation method using a laboratory-developed rotary double inverted pendulum. To minimize energy consumption during the transition process while satisfying the boundary conditions of different equilibrium points, a two-point boundary value optimal control problem is formulated. The feedforward trajectory required for feedforward control is computed offline by solving this problem. The direct collocation method is employed to convert the constrained continuous optimal control problem into a nonlinear optimization problem. Furthermore, a time-varying linear–quadratic (LQ) controller is utilized as a feedback controller to accurately track the generated feedforward trajectory during real-time control, compensating for uncertainties in the feedforward control process. The proposed transition control strategy is experimentally implemented, and its effectiveness and practicality are validated through the successful tracking of 12 transition trajectories.
Implementation of Constant Power Control for a Reamer Using a Fuzzy PID Algorithm
Authors: Jiang Pan , Yang Yongkang , Cao Chenghui , Dong Xinyu
Published: February 2025

With the continuous development of the shipping industry, suction dredgers play a crucial role as functional vessels for channel dredging. The reamer, as the core component of a cutter suction dredger, significantly impacts the energy consumption of the entire vessel. Most suction dredger reamers are powered by three-phase asynchronous motors. To fully utilize the motor’s output power, there is an urgent need to design a constant power control system to ensure stable and consistent power output despite variations in system parameters. This paper proposes a fuzzy PID control algorithm to address the limitations of traditional PID control, such as slow and insufficient response times, in order to achieve smoother and faster reamer power regulation. The proposed control strategy is validated through both simulations and experiments. Results show that the fuzzy PID algorithm reduces overshoot by an average of 9.85%, rise time by 38.58%, and regulation time by 42%, compared to traditional PID control. Additionally, the fuzzy PID control demonstrates superior robustness in dynamic responses to system changes. Overall, the fuzzy PID control system outperforms traditional PID in maintaining constant power control of the reamer.
Research on Multi-Center Path Optimization for Emergency Events Based on an Improved Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Zou Zeyu , Zeng Hui , Zheng Xiaodong , Chen Junming
Published: February 2025

Emergency events pose critical challenges to national and social stability, requiring efficient and timely responses to mitigate their impact. In the initial stages of an emergency, decision-makers face the dual challenge of minimizing transportation costs while adhering to stringent rescue time constraints. To address these issues, this study proposes a two-stage optimization model aimed at ensuring the equitable distribution of disaster relief materials across multiple distribution centers. The model seeks to minimize the overall cost, encompassing vehicle dispatch expenses, fuel consumption, and time window penalty costs, thereby achieving a balance between efficiency and fairness. To solve this complex optimization problem, a hybrid algorithm combining genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization was designed. This hybrid approach leverages the global exploration capability of genetic algorithms and the fast convergence of particle swarm optimization to achieve superior performance in solving real-world logistics challenges. Case studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of both the proposed model and the algorithm. Results indicate that the model accurately reflects the dynamics of emergency logistics operations, while the hybrid algorithm exhibits strong local optimization capabilities and robust performance in handling diverse and complex scenarios. Experimental findings underscore the potential of the proposed approach in optimizing emergency response logistics. The hybrid algorithm consistently achieves significant reductions in total cost while maintaining fairness in material distribution. These results demonstrate the algorithm’s applicability to a wide range of disaster scenarios, offering a reliable and efficient tool for emergency planners. This study not only contributes to the body of knowledge in emergency logistics optimization but also provides practical insights for policymakers and practitioners striving to improve disaster response strategies.
Cumulative Sum Schemes for Monitoring the Ratio of Two Correlated Normal Variables in Short Production Runs with Fixed and Variable Sampling Interval Strategies: Application in Wheat Seed Processing
Authors: Yang Wei , Ji Xueting , Cai Hongxing , Zhang Jiujun
Published: February 2025

Short-run production is frequently used in manufacturing due to technological advancements, and it is integral to Agriculture 4.0. In addition, monitoring multiple variables in short production runs (SPR) is often essential. For example, balancing the ratio of coating components of wheat seeds is crucial for the growth and yield of wheat. Therefore, in this paper, two one-sided cumulative sum (CUSUM) schemes for monitoring the ratio of two correlated normal variables in SPR are proposed. Furthermore, performance metrics are evaluated, and the effects of various parameters on the schemes are analyzed through Monte Carlo simulations. To improve the detection efficiency of the proposed schemes, variable sampling interval (VSI) strategy is considered. The performance of these schemes under different sampling intervals is simulated. The results indicate that the monitoring performances of the schemes utilizing the VSI strategy surpass that of both the system without the VSI strategy and the Shewhart scheme. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis was conducted on the VSI strategy scheme to ensure its robustness. The analysis examined the effects of parameter variations, data contamination, and data correlation on the scheme’s performance. The proposed schemes were applied to the experiment of monitoring the nutrient composition ratio of wheat seed coating, and the results show that the schemes achieved the anticipated monitoring performance and possess practical application value.
Omega-3 Fatty Acids for the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Symptoms: A Narrative Review of the Current Clinical Evidence
Authors: Psara Evmorfia , Papadopoulou Sousana K. , Mentzelou Maria , Voulgaridou Gavriela , Vorvolakos Theophanis , Apostolou Thomas , Giaginis Constantinos
Published: February 2025

Background: Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental disease that is characterized by depressive and manic episodes. Antipsychotics and mood stabilizers are known therapies that work, but their restrictions and disadvantages resulted in the need for complementary and alternative therapies, such as natural compounds. Omega-3 fatty acids, as basic ingredients of fishes and seafood, play crucial roles in brain development, function of brain membrane enzymes, learning, and many other instances, and their deficiency has been associated with many mental diseases, including bipolar disorder. Methods: The present narrative review aims to critically summarize and scrutinize the available clinical studies on the use of omega-3 fatty acids in the management and co-treatment of bipolar disorder episodes and symptoms. For this purpose, a thorough and in-depth search was performed in the most accurate scientific databases, e.g., PubMed., Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar, applying effective and relevant keywords. Results: There are currently several clinical studies that assessed the effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the severity of BD symptoms. Some of them supported evidence for the potential beneficial impact of omega-3 fatty acids supplementation in the prevention and/or co-treatment of bipolar disorder severity and symptomatology. Nevertheless, a considerable number of clinical studies did not show high efficiency, rendering the existing data rather conflicting. The above may be ascribed to the fact that there is a high heterogeneity amongst the available clinical studies concerning the dosage, the administration duration, the combination of fatty acids administration, the method designs and protocols, and the study populations. Conclusion: Although the currently available clinical evidence seems promising, it is highly recommended to accomplish larger, long-term, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trials with a prospective design in order to derive conclusive results as to whether omega-fatty acids could act as a co-treatment agent or even as protective factors against bipolar disorder symptomatology. Drug design strategies could be developed to derive novel synthetic omega-3 fatty acids analogs, which could be tested for their potential to attenuate the severity of BD episodes and symptoms.
How Are Brain Fog Symptoms Related to Diet, Sleep, Mood and Gastrointestinal Health? A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Altinsoy Canan , Dikmen Derya
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: Brain fog, characterized by cognitive difficulties such as memory impairment, lack of focus, and mental fatigue, is a common symptom reported during recovery from COVID-19, particularly in long COVID cases. This study explores potential triggers such as sleep quality, mood, and gastrointestinal health and examines the link between adherence to the MIND diet and brain fog severity. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between 1 July and 15 December 2022. The questionnaire assessed brain fog symptoms, dietary habits, sleep quality, mood, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Linear regression analysis examined the relationships between brain fog symptoms, demographic factors, sleep quality, MIND diet adherence, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Results: Brain Fog Scale (BFS) scores were significantly higher in individuals who had COVID-19 (p < 0.05) and even higher in those with reinfection. Women had higher BFS and Brain Fog Severity Score (BFSS), MIND Diet, The Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS), Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) Pleasant-Unpleasant scores (p < 0.05). BFS and BFSS were positively correlated with GSRS (p < 0.05), while no correlation was found with MIND diet adherence. A negative correlation was observed between BFS and Sleep Quality Scale (SQS) (p < 0.05), but this was not significant in regression (p = 0.367). GSRS, Pleasant–Unpleasant Dimension, and Arousal–Calm Dimension were significant predictors of BFS (R = 0.599, R2 = 0.358, p < 0.01). Conclusions: This study identifies being female as a risk factor for brain fog symptoms, with women reporting higher BFS and BFSS scores. While sleep quality showed a negative correlation with brain fog symptoms, this relationship was not significant in the regression model, suggesting that other factors, such as mood and gastrointestinal symptoms, may play a more dominant role. However, adherence to the MIND diet showed no significant relationship with brain fog symptoms. These findings suggest that addressing mood and gastrointestinal health may be key to managing brain fog in long COVID.
Efficacy and Safety of Self-Expandable Covered Metallic Stents for Benign and Malignant Ureteral Obstructions: A Long-Term Retrospective Study
Authors: Choi Sae Woong , Choi Yong Sun , Kim Kang Sup , Cho Hyuk Jin
Published: February 2025

Background and Objectives: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of long-term indwelling self-expandable covered metallic stents (UVENTA; Taewoong Medical Co., Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea) used to manage benign and malignant ureteral strictures. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively identified and analyzed the medical records of all patients who underwent metallic stent insertion at our institution since September 2012. Additionally, we evaluated the technical and clinical success rates and complications of patients who underwent follow-up for more than 36 months. Results: A total of 25 patients underwent metallic stent insertion for ureteral obstructions at our institution. Among them, 18 underwent follow-up for more than 36 months. A total of 21 ureters (15 unilateral and 3 bilateral) were ultimately included in this study. Metallic stents were successfully placed in all ureters using a retrograde approach, with a technical success rate of 100%. The mean follow-up duration was 58.6 months (range, 36–107 months). However, the clinical success rates were 85.7% (18/21 ureters) by 12 months, 61.9% (14/21 ureters) by 24 months, and 52.4% (11/21 ureters) after 36 months. During follow-up, obstructions could not be resolved using metallic stents in eleven ureters (median time to failure, 18.4 months; range, 2−40 months); therefore, they were treated with nephrectomy (three ureters because of a nonfunctional kidney) or percutaneous nephrostomy and double J stent placement (four ureters). Major complications included the encrustation of the metallic stent, flank pain, and gross hematuria. A uretero-enteric fistula occurred in one ureter. In two patients, existing metallic stents were removed and patency was maintained. In another two patients, new metallic stents were inserted without complications. Conclusions: Benign and malignant ureteral obstructions may be treated effectively and safely with metallic stents. However, the patency rate drastically decreased and major complications occurred during long-term follow-up. Therefore, careful patient selection is necessary to achieve better results.
Diffusion Behavior and Kinetics of the Iron–Nickel Interface During Annealing Treatment
Authors: Wu Wenlin , Zhong Fei , Zhou Pu , Lu Jue , Wang Feng
Published: February 2025

The notorious corrosion resistance of carbon steel significantly limits its scope of application. In this study, a strategy involving electrodeposited nickel followed by annealing was proposed to improve the corrosion resistance of materials. The effects of annealing on the microstructure of nickel-plated steel were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS). The results reveal annealing induces Fe-Ni alloy layer formation at the plating–substrate interface, with thicknesses ranging from 2.2 μm to 4.8 μm as the temperature increases from 650 °C to 800 °C and the duration extends from 1 min to 5 min. Additionally, a diffusion kinetics model based on Fick’s second law was established to describe the diffusion process of nickel atoms in the iron matrix. The diffusion coefficients of nickel atoms were determined to be in the range of 4.4 × 10−16 m2·s−1 to 1.26 × 10−15 m2·s−1 under the tested conditions. This model provides a theoretical framework for optimizing annealing treatments to enhance the performance of nickel-coated carbon steel components.
Hydroethanolic Extract of Punica granatum Inhibits Cryptococcus by Depolarising Mitochondrial Membranes
Authors: Santos Julliana Ribeiro Alves , Motta Brenda Letícia Araujo , Furtado Haryne Lizandrey Azevedo , Macedo Alessandra Teixeira de , Carvalho Junior Alexsander Rodrigues , Lima Neto Lídio Gonçalves , Pinheiro Aruanã Joaquim Matheus Costa Rodrigues , Moreira Cibelle Raphaela da Silva Cavalcante , da Silva Luís Cláudio Nascimento , Holanda Rodrigo Assuncao
Published: February 2025

Cryptococcal infections are distributed worldwide and mainly caused by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii. The reduced number of antifungals and increasing number of cases of resistance require the search for new therapeutic options, such as natural products. Among these, Punica granatum L. has demonstrated antifungal activity. The present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of the hydroethanolic extract of the leaf of P. granatum (HEPg) alone or in antifungal combination against C. neoformans and C. gattii and the interference of P. granatum in the mitochondrial membrane of Cryptococcus using flow cytometry. The minimum inhibitory concentration was determined, which showed inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus isolates. The fractional inhibitory concentration resulted in an indifferent interaction between the combination of amphotericin B + HEPg, whereas the combination of fluconazole + HEPg was synergistic against C. gattii. The depolarisation of mitochondrial membranes was more pronounced when C. gattii was previously treated with P. granatum, either individually or in combination with antifungal agents. In contrast, prior treatment of C. gattii with fluconazole promoted the hyperpolarisation of mitochondrial membranes. Considering the growing search for alternative forms of treatment for cryptococcosis, this study highlights the antifungal potential of P. granatum.
Effect of Solvents on Electrogenerated Base-Driven Transfer Hydrogenation Reactions
Authors: Zhu Jing-Wei , Li Meng-Han , Zhang Feng , Wang Ya-Li , Lu Jia-Xing , Wang Huan
Published: February 2025

Transfer hydrogenation is a crucial technology for synthesizing fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals, offering improved safety and convenience over traditional hydrogen methods, although it typically requires external bases. While isopropanol is commonly used as a hydrogen source, methanol is superior but faces challenges due to its high dehydrogenation energy barrier, limiting its use under mild conditions. This study focuses on investigating the differences in the electrogenerated base-driven transfer hydrogenation of aromatic ketones in isopropanol and methanol solvents, using Mn(CO)₅Br and cyclohexanediamine derivatives as the catalyst. The research demonstrates that high enantiomeric excess (ee) values were obtained in isopropanol in the presence of chiral Mn-based catalysts, while only racemic products were observed in methanol. The results indicate a strong dependence of the catalytic pathway on the choice solvent: in isopropanol, the catalyst operates via a metal–ligand cooperative transfer hydrogenation, resulting in high ee values, whereas in methanol, transfer hydrogenation occurs through metal hydride transfer with no stereoselectivity.
Polyphenolic Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Cytotoxic Effect of Male Floral Buds from Three Populus Species Growing in the South of Romania
Authors: Gălăţanu Mona Luciana , Panţuroiu Mariana , Cima Luiza Mădălina , Neculai Ana Maria , Pănuş Emilia , Bleotu Coralia , Enescu Cristian Mihai , Mircioiu Ion , Gavriloaia Roxana Măriuca , Aurică Sorina Nicoleta , Rîmbu Mirela Claudia , Colette Sandulovici Roxana
Published: February 2025

Three poplar species widely distributed in southern Romania were investigated for their chemical composition and bioactivity. Male buds from black poplar (Populus nigra L.), white poplar (Populus alba L.), and Euroamerican hybrid poplar (Populus × euramericana (Dode) Guinier.) were analyzed using HPTLC, HPLC, GC-MS, and spectrophotometric assays. The analysis revealed predominantly polyphenolic compounds, including phenolic acids and flavonoids, secondary metabolites recognized for their antioxidant properties, particularly valuable in alleviating oxidative stress disorders. Heavy metal content was measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and antioxidant capacity was assessed through DPPH and FRAP assays alongside a cytotoxicity evaluation. Polyphenolic content ranged from 19.26 to 33.37 mg GAE/g DW and flavonoid content from 2.15 to 4.45 mg RE/g DW. All three species demonstrated notable antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic activity. Hydroethanolic extracts of P. nigra and P. euramericana showed higher antioxidant activity than aqueous extracts, with P. nigra achieving the lowest IC50 value overall, highlighting the influence of solvent choice on antioxidant efficacy. Furthermore, poplar hydroethanolic extracts exhibited concentration-dependent cytotoxicity against fibroblast-like human osteosarcoma MG63 cell lines, with IC50 values of 42.55 µg/mL for P. nigra, 40.87 µg/mL for P. × euramericana, and 132.49 µg/mL for P. alba, underscoring significant interspecies variability in cytotoxic potency. These findings suggest that male floral buds from Romanian poplar species may serve as valuable sources of bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential.
Reaction Mechanism Study of LiNH2BH3 and (LiH)n (n = 1–5) Clusters Based on Density Functional Theory
Authors: Dong Xiao , Yuan Rong , Li Genzhuang , Du Aochen
Published: February 2025

Hydrogen energy is an ideal clean energy source for the future. In the promotion and application of hydrogen energy, the safe and effective storage of hydrogen needs to be addressed. LiNH2BH3, as an important hydrogen storage material, can reversibly store hydrogen, but it has the problem of a relatively high hydrogen release temperature. (LiH)n plays a good regulatory role in the metal–N–H system and plays an important role. Using density functional theory, the reaction mechanism of LiNH2BH3 and (LiH)n (n = 1–5) clusters was theoretically calculated and analyzed. The frontier orbitals of LiNH2BH3 (LiAB), LiNH2BH3–LiH (Li2AB), and LiNH2–LiH (Li2A) were compared and analyzed, and the dissociation energies of hydrogen atoms at different sites were discussed. The results show that the dehydrogenation of LiNH2BH3 with (LiH)n (n = 1–5) clusters is more likely to occur through the combination of Hδ−(Li)···Hδ+(N), and the minimum reaction energy barrier can reach 113.34 kJ/mol. In the LiNH2BH3–LiH system, the presence of –BH3 and –LiH groups has a significant effect on the hydrogen release performance of the system. The order of hydrogen atom dissociation energies at different positions in LiAB, Li2AB, and Li2A is ΔEH(N) > ΔEH(B) > ΔEH(Li). The dehydrogenation performance of Li2AB is better than that of LiAB and Li2A.
Understanding the Energy Band Mechanism in MoS2/Co3O4 Heterojunction-Based Bioplastics Affected by Carrier Concentration
Authors: Tippo Posak , Sroila Wattikon
Published: February 2025

Bioplastics are adopted to replace fossil-based plastics because they are microplastic-free and self-degradable without releasing greenhouse gasses. Despite having many benefits, the main applications of bioplastics are packaging and kitchenware. Moreover, the utilization of bioplastics in electronic applications is still underexplored. Consequently, the development of bioplastics for electronic applications, especially heterojunctions, is essential. Here, we report a novel molybdenum disulfide (MoS2)/cobalt oxide (Co3O4) heterojunction based on bioplastic semiconductors, with agar as a matrix. This work also exposes the effect of carrier concentration on the mechanism of an energy band. Using the density of state in three dimensions, Anderson’s rule, and the Fermi energy level calculated by carrier concentration, we find that the energy gaps of the MoS2/Co3O4 heterojunction at various concentrations almost match the energy gap evaluated by Tauc’s relation. Additionally, leveraging the MoS2/Co3O4 heterojunction as a photodetector, the optimized device indicates an ideality factor of 1.59, a response time of 127 ms, and a recovery time of 115 ms. Our work not only represents a significant step towards using bioplastics in electronic applications but also reveals the mechanism of the energy band affected by carrier concentration.
The Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Applications in Enhancing Plant Stress Resistance: A Review
Authors: Qin Xin , Wang Zijun , Lai Jie , Liang You , Qian Kun
Published: February 2025

Nanoparticle-based strategies have emerged as transformative tools for addressing critical challenges in sustainable agriculture, offering precise modulation of plant–environment interactions through enhanced biocompatibility and stimuli-responsive delivery mechanisms. Among these innovations, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) present unique advantages due to their dual functionality as both essential micronutrient carriers and redox homeostasis modulators. Compared to conventional selenium treatments, SeNPs offer a more efficient and environmentally friendly solution for improving plant resilience while minimizing toxicity, even at low doses. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of methods for synthesizing SeNPs, including chemical reduction, green synthesis using plant extracts, and biological techniques with microbial agents. Additionally, the review discusses the effects of SeNPs on biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants, focusing on how these nanoparticles activate stress-response pathways and enhance plant immune function. The primary objective of this study is to offer theoretical insights into the application of SeNPs for addressing critical challenges in modern agriculture, such as improving crop yield and quality under stress conditions. Moreover, the research highlights the role of SeNPs in advancing sustainable agricultural practices by reducing reliance on chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The findings underscore the transformative potential of SeNPs in crop management, contributing to a more sustainable and eco-friendly agricultural future.
Evaporation of Nanofluid Sessile Droplets Under Marangoni and Buoyancy Effects: Internal Convection and Instability
Authors: Tao Yuequn , Zhu Zhiqiang
Published: February 2025

Previous research has studied the evolution of patterns during the evaporation of sessile droplets of pure liquid, although there is a lack of reports focusing on the transition of flow regimes and flow stability of nanofluids. In this study, we investigate the evaporation of sessile droplets of Al2O3-ethanol nanofluid to elucidate the dynamic characteristics of the evaporation process from the perspective of internal convection. As the temperature increases, internal convection intensifies, significantly accelerating the evaporation rate. Three distinct convection flow patterns are observed under the combined influence of the Marangoni effect and buoyancy during evaporation: initially, two macroscopic convection cells form, followed by the periodic generation and propagation of hydrothermal waves (HTWs) near the contact line. Subsequently, Bénard–Marangoni (BM) convection cells gradually emerge and ultimately dominate the flow dynamics. The deposition patterns, which differ in part from the classic coffee-ring pattern, are closely related to the flow patterns of HTWs and BM convection cells during the pinning stage of droplet evaporation. Furthermore, the critical Marangoni (Ma) and Rayleigh (Ra) numbers for the onset of convection flow instability increase with rising substrate heating temperature.
Metachromatic Leukodystrophy Presenting with Multiple Cranial Nerve and Lumbosacral Nerve Root Enhancement Without White Matter Changes
Authors: Jauregui Ruben , Garcia Mekka R. , Mehuron Thomas , Galetta Steven L. , Segal Devorah
Published: February 2025

Background: Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder that causes demyelination of both the central (CNS) and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). Objective: This study aims to report a unique MLD case presenting with cranial neuropathies and ataxia, initially without white matter changes on MRI, leading to diagnostic uncertainty. Results: A 20-month-old presented with bilateral abduction deficits, facial diplegia, and ataxia, raising the possibility of an acquired demyelinating condition. An MRI scan showed the enhancement of multiple cranial nerves, but normal white matter. A follow-up MRI showed new white matter changes that spared the U-fibers, suggesting a leukodystrophy. Biochemical assays were suggestive of metachromatic leukodystrophy, which was confirmed with genetic testing demonstrating a homozygous c.848+3A > G variant in ARSA. Conclusions: Our patient suggests that the initial presentation of MLD may mimic an acquired demyelinating condition and manifest with multiple cranial nerve palsies before more typical white matter changes evolve.
Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Spanish University Students: Association with Lifestyle Habits, Mental and Emotional Well-Being
Authors: Tomás-Gallego Gloria , Dalmau-Torres Josep María , Jiménez-Boraita Raúl , Ortuño-Sierra Javier , Gargallo-Ibort Esther
Published: February 2025

Background: The Mediterranean Diet is recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns; however, in recent years, a decline in adherence has been observed in Mediterranean countries. University students represent a particularly vulnerable population, as starting university introduces new influences and responsibilities that directly impact their lifestyle and health. Objective: Analyze adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among university students and its association with other lifestyle habits and mental and physical health indicators. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 1268 students (23.65 ± 7.84 years) from a university in northern Spain between November 2020 and March 2021. An online questionnaire was administered to assess Mediterranean Diet adherence along with variables such as perceived stress, self-esteem, life satisfaction, suicidal behavior, emotional and behavioral problems, emotional intelligence, physical activity, sedentary behavior, alcohol consumption, and compulsive internet use. Results: 29.26% of students had high adherence to the Mediterranean Diet. Regression analysis indicated that high adherence was associated with higher levels of emotional intelligence, as well as lower levels of suicidal ideation, emotional problems, and compulsive internet use. Conclusions: The associations found between Mediterranean Diet and other indicators and lifestyle habits highlight the need for interdisciplinary promotion strategies within the university ecosystem.
Towards Personalised Nutrition in Major Orthopaedic Surgery: Elements of Care Process
Authors: Briguglio Matteo , Wainwright Thomas W.
Published: February 2025

With the spread of enhanced recovery protocols, the management of the perioperative pathway of patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery has been harmonised to these international standards. A natural evolution of the enhanced recovery framework is to integrate personalised pathways of care for those with unique needs, thus addressing inter-individual differences. Personalised nutrition is the practice of attributing a personal imprint to the perioperative nutritional support and has the potential to ensure more effective and equitable care for those patients who may require more than standard support. The authors of this opinion article review each important element of personalisation with respect to their coverage of what is important in the perioperative care of major orthopaedic procedures such as hip and knee replacement.
Gut Microbiota Profile and Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders in Infants: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Pantazi Alexandru Cosmin , Mihai Cristina Maria , Lupu Ancuta , Balasa Adriana Luminita , Chisnoiu Tatiana , Mihai Larisia , Frecus Corina Elena , Ungureanu Adina , Chirila Sergiu Ioachim , Nori Wassan , Lupu Vasile Valeriu , Stoicescu Ramona Mihaela , Baciu Ginel , Cambrea Simona Claudia
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The gut microbiota is involved in modulating gastrointestinal function and consequently contributes to the manifestation of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). The aim of the study was to analyze the composition of the gut microbiota in infants with functional gastrointestinal disorders (infantile colic, functional constipation, gastroesophageal reflux, functional diarrhea) according to age, environmental factors, and clinical manifestations. Methods: The study involved the clinical and laboratory examination of 134 infants divided into two groups: group I (n = 82) with FGIDs according to Rome IV criteria, divided into four subgroups (infantile colic, functional constipation, gastroesophageal reflux, and functional diarrhea), and group II (n = 52) without FGIDs. To assess the composition of intestinal microbiota, a bacteriological analysis of fecal samples was performed. Results: Infants with functional gastrointestinal disorders presented an imbalance of intestinal microflora, which was characterized by a significant decrease in the main representatives of acidifying flora represented by Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Enterococcus and high abundance of proteolytic microorganisms from the Enterobacteriaceae family such as Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli. In infants born by cesarean section or artificially fed, the incidence of functional gastrointestinal disorders and intestinal dysbiosis was significantly higher. Conclusions: The imbalance of acidifying and proteolytic microbial composition in the gut could be the key to the occurrence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in the first year of life.
Endocrine and Metabolic Effects of Nutrition in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Erhardt Éva , Molnár Dénes
Published: February 2025

Child health is a cornerstone of social well-being, and nutrition plays a crucial role in shaping the growth and development of young individuals [...]
Experiences in a Clinical Innovation Pharmacy Fellowship: A Novel Model of Ambulatory Care Training and Practice Advancement
Authors: Doane Alison , Cox Nicholas , Gadd Shannon , Gurney Erin , Ashmead Payson , Turner Kyle
Published: February 2025

The University of Utah Clinical Innovation Fellowship models novel partnerships between third-party payers, clinical practices, and academia. While healthcare costs continue to increase unabated and physician burnout leads to provider shortages, this fellowship focuses on both crises by training pharmacists to establish new practices in ambulatory clinic spaces using funding provided by third-party payers. Not only does this fellowship represent a future in which pharmacists are able to address third-party payers’ need to reduce healthcare costs and clinics’ need to address provider shortages, it also successfully trained fellows to pursue jobs in ambulatory care and academia. Payers, clinics, providers and patients all expressed a high degree of satisfaction with the work of the fellows. In multiple clinics where fellows established new pharmacy services, those services led directly to new job approvals funded by the clinics themselves. The purpose of this paper is to serve as a model by which fellowship programs elsewhere can be designed, as well as to show that partnerships between ambulatory clinics, payers, and pharmacists are both sustainable and beneficial to all parties including, most importantly, the patients who receive better care for their complex chronic disease states. While this paper is descriptive in nature, work is ongoing to objectively measure the impact of the fellows on patients, providers, and third-party payers. A sampling of outcomes is presented, describing the impact of the pharmacist fellows’ efforts to improve medication management in primary care. Even with limited objective measures of success, we are able conclude that over the past 3 years, the fellowship has accomplished its aim of preparing fellows for future roles in ambulatory care, practice design, and academia while also demonstrating that a funding model aligning payers, clinics, and academia is sustainable.
Development and Application of Pik Locus-Specific Molecular Markers for Blast Resistance Genes in Yunnan Japonica Rice Cultivars
Authors: Liu Pei , Zhou Wumin , Dong Liying , Liu Shufang , Nawaz Gul , Huang Liyu , Yang Qinzhong
Published: February 2025

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae, is one of the most devastating diseases affecting rice production worldwide, resulting in significant yield losses and threatening global food security. The severity of rice blast, particularly in susceptible regions, underscores the urgent need for available effective resistance strategies. In this study, six sets of gene-specific molecular markers for the Pik locus associated with rice blast resistance were developed based on publicly available gene sequences. Experimental validation confirmed their high accuracy. During the marker development process, a novel haplotype of the Pik locus was identified. This haplotype is characterized by 14 bp mutations and a 9 bp insertion within the coding sequence region when compared to the Pikh allele. Subsequently, a molecular marker specific to this haplotype was developed and validated. The application of these seven sets of markers to analyze 163 japonica rice cultivars bred in Yunnan Province between 1980 and 2020 revealed that 38.65% of the cultivars carry the Piks allele, indicating a low resistance frequency against the rice blast fungus under field conditions. In contrast, only a small proportion of cultivars possess other Pik locus alleles, which exhibit higher resistance frequencies. These findings highlight the limited utilization of Pik locus genes in japonica rice breeding in Yunnan. Furthermore, 21.47% of the cultivars lack any of the aforementioned Pik locus alleles, indicating the genetic diversity and complexity of the rice genetic resources of Yunnan Province.
New Method for Enhancing Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) Embryo Dehydration: An Important Step Towards Proficient Cryopreservation
Authors: Bazrafshan Amirhossein , Sudarma Sisunandar , Kalaipandian Sundaravelpandian , Biddle Julianne M. , Mu Zhihua , Kong Eveline Yee Yan , Nulu Naga Prafulla Chandrika , Adkins Steve W.
Published: February 2025

The coconut (Cocos nucifera L.), a valuable tropical crop, is rapidly declining in genetic diversity due to natural disasters, pest and disease attack, and land clearing for other crops. Seed banking is impractical for coconut conservation due to its large, recalcitrant seed, and maintaining field gene bank collections is costly and vulnerable to environmental pressures. Cryopreservation offers a promising alternative method for conserving coconut genetic diversity, but the success in recovering cryopreserved materials remains limited, with few studies consistently reporting high rates of recovery. This highlights the need for improved cryopreservation protocols, particularly in tissue dehydration, which is one of the critical steps in the process of cryopreservation and plant recovery. A desiccator was developed that enabled rapid embryo dehydration with ultra-dry airflow. The desiccator reduced embryo moisture content to 20% (the predetermined viability threshold) within 6 h representing a 2-h improvement when compared to a previous dehydration approach, while maintaining a high germination rate (71%). Smaller embryos (500 to 550 mg fresh weight) desiccated faster than larger embryos (800 to 900 mg fresh weight) but germination was reduced (30%), making small embryos unsuitable for cryopreservation. A 5-day sucrose (0.4 M) pre-treatment further reduced the dehydration time to 4 h, while maintaining a high germination rate (70%). These advances in the use of a sucrose pre-treatment, the rapid embryo dehydration, and selection of large embryos size will help to enhance the success of coconut embryo cryopreservation and recovery.