bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gut Microbiota Alteration with Moderate-to-Vigorous-Intensity Exercise in Middle School Female Football Athletes
Authors: Yang Jianlou , Zhang Wei , Dong Chen
Published: February 2025

Background: The gut microbiota significantly influences health and metabolic processes. This study aimed to investigate the impact of exercise intensity on the gut microbiota of middle school female football athletes. Methods: In this four-week controlled comparative study, twenty-nine participants were divided into three groups: non-exercise group (NEG), moderate-intensity exercise group (MIEG), and vigorous-intensity exercise group (VIEG). They followed their respective exercise regimens for four weeks. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rRNA gene sequencing to evaluate microbiota composition. Results: The MIEG exhibited significantly greater microbial diversity compared to the NEG, while the VIEG showed lower diversity than the MIEG. Various microbiota profiles were identified, with the MIEG having higher levels of beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides. Conclusions: Moderate-intensity exercise promotes a healthier gut microbiota compared to vigorous exercise in young female athletes. These findings underscore the potential of moderate exercise to enhance gut health and may inform training strategies for adolescent athletes.
Improvement of Skin Condition Through RXR Alpha-Activating Materials
Authors: Ye Sanghyun , Lee Seonju , Kang Seongsu , Jun Seung-Hyun , Kang Nae-Gyu
Published: February 2025

Retinol is well-known anti-aging material in the cosmetics industry, owing to its proven superior efficacy both in vitro and in vivo. Despite its high efficacy, retinol is associated with limitations, such as skin irritation and its potential photodegradation. Retinol is converted into retinoid acid within cells, which then exerts a cellular response by activating both the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid x receptor (RXR). Noting that RAR activity is associated with skin irritation and RXR activation alone can enhance skin-related indicators without inducing inflammation, we developed an alternative approach for skin anti-aging focusing solely on RXR activation. We found that combined treatment of andrographolide and Bidens pilosa extract successfully activated RXR alpha and enhanced RXRA gene expression. Moreover, we investigated their efficacy using dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes and found that they enhanced the gene expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammation efficacies. Finally, in a human clinical trial, we confirmed that our materials successfully improved wrinkles in various areas, skin elasticity and hydration without causing irritating side effects. These findings highlight the potential of our RXR alpha-activating materials as an anti-wrinkle solution that avoids the typical side effects associated with retinol.
Aspergillus flavus with Mycovirus as an Etiologic Factor for Acute Leukemias in Susceptible Individuals: Evidence and Discussion
Authors: Tebbi Cameron K. , Sahakian Eva , Shah Bijal , Yan Jiyu , Mediavilla-Varela Melanie , Patel Saumil
Published: February 2025

Several etiologic factors for the development of acute leukemias have been suggested; however, none is applicable to all cases. We isolated a certain mycovirus-containing Aspergillus flavus (MCAF) from the home of a patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Repeated electron microscopic evaluations proved the existence of mycovirus in this organism. According to chemical analysis, this organism does not produce any aflatoxin, possibly due to its infestation with mycoviruses. We reported that using the ELISA technique, forty pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) uniformly had antibodies to the products of MCAF. In contrast, three separate groups of controls, consisting of normal blood donors, individuals with solid tumors, and patients with sickle cell disease, were negative. In vitro exposure of mononuclear blood cells from patients with ALL, in full remission, to the products of MCAF induced redevelopment of cell surface phenotypes and genetic markers characteristic of ALL. The controls were negative. The incubation of normal and ALL cell lines with the products of MCAF resulted in significant cellular apoptosis, changes in the cell cycle, and the downregulation of transcription factors, including PAX-5 and Ikaros (75 and 55 kDa). Fungi are widespread in nature, and many contain mycoviruses. Normally, an individual inhales 1 to 10 fungal spores per minute, while farmers can inhale up to 75,000 spores per minute. It is known that farmers and foresters, who are more exposed to fungi, have a higher rate of acute leukemia. In contrast, asthmatics, most of whom are allergic to fungal agents, and individuals working in office settings have a lower rate. One of the theories for the development of acute leukemia suggests a genetic predisposition followed by exposure to an infectious agent. With the above findings, we propose that mycovirus-containing Aspergillus flavus may have an etiological role in leukemogenesis in immune-depressed and genetically susceptible individuals.
Architecturally Mediated Allostasis and Neurosustainability: A Proposed Theoretical Framework for the Impact of the Built Environment on Neurocognitive Health
Authors: Valentine Cleo , Mitcheltree Heather , Sjövall Isabelle A. K. , Khalil Mohamed Hesham
Published: February 2025

The global rise in mental health-related disorders represents a significant health and wellbeing challenge, imposing a substantial social and economic burden on individuals, communities, and healthcare systems. According to the World Health Organization, one in four people globally will be affected by mental or neurological disorders at some point in their lives, highlighting a significant global health concern that warrants carefully considered and innovative responses. While mental health challenges arise from complex, multifaceted factors, emerging research indicates that the built environment—the architecture of our homes, workplaces, and public spaces—may exert a critical but underappreciated influence on mental health outcomes. This paper outlines a novel theoretical framework for how visual stressors in the built environment might trigger neurophysiological stress responses via the HPA and SAM axes, potentially contributing over time to allostatic load. In this paper, it is proposed that chronic physiological strain can alter neuroplastic processes and neurogenesis in key brain regions—such as the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), and amygdala—thereby affecting cognitive health, emotional regulation, and overall mental wellbeing. Drawing on the principle of neurosustainability, this paper suggests that long-term exposure to stress-inducing environments may create feedback loops, particularly involving the amygdala, that have downstream effects on other brain areas and may be linked to adverse mental health outcomes such as depression. By presenting this framework, this paper aims to inspire further inquiry and applied experimental research into the intersection of neurophysiology, mental health, and the built environment, with a particular emphasis on rigorous testing and validation of the proposed mechanisms, that may then be translated into practical architectural design strategies for supporting health and wellbeing. In doing so, it is hoped that this work may contribute to a more holistic approach to improving mental health that integrates the creation of nurturing, resilient spaces into the broader public health agenda.
Sleep Loss and Substance Use Disorders: An Issue from Adolescents to Adults
Authors: Equihua-Benítez Ana Clementina , Espinoza-Abad Rodolfo , García-García Fabio
Published: February 2025

Unsatisfactory sleep is a worldwide concern, as evidenced by the high prevalence of insomnia symptoms and diagnosis in the general population, and an issue that has also risen among adolescents. These circumstances are a cause of worry due to, among other factors, the observed bidirectional association of sleep disturbances and the risk of substance use disorder development. In this regard, across the globe, several reports indicate that substance consumption is at an all-time high, with alcohol, nicotine, and cannabis leading the charts. Additionally, the age of onset has dropped, with reports suggesting that first contact is usually during adolescence. Although the nature of the link between poor sleep and substance use disorder development is still not fully understood, it is possible that an overactive orexinergic system could play a role, as it has been observed that treatment with orexinergic antagonists improves insomnia symptoms and that postmortem studies show an increase in orexin immunoreactive neurons in sections obtained from habitual opioid consumers. We further argue that it is during adolescence that this maladaptive loop can be established, priming for the development of substance use disorders.
Out of the Mouths of Babes: Black Children’s Experiences of Emotion-Focused Racial–Ethnic Socialization, Coping, and Antiracist Resistance
Authors: Smith Emilie Phillips , Bibbs Simone E. , Johnson Deborah J. , Dwanyen Lekie , Holtrop Kendal , Gipson-Tansil LaVelle
Published: February 2025

Black children in the U.S. learn from scaffolded parental teachings to help manage racial discrimination. Middle childhood is an understudied developmental period for this research. This paper builds upon research on culturally informed practices Black caregivers use to rear their young with a healthy identity and socio-emotional skills to navigate racism Guided by a phenomenological qualitative approach, we conducted focus groups with 39 Black children (Meanage = 7.67, 54% girls, 46% boys). Children reported that their parents imparted a sense of positive identity in terms of their cultural heritage, skin, and hair—areas in which they experienced frequent bullying. A uniqueness of our study is that Black children also reported learning emotion-centered coping strategies that focus on their inner strengths and private speech. They adopted a range of adaptive coping mechanisms such as kindness, ignoring perpetrators, centering their positive identity, identity framing, and fighting back. Through children’s voices, we build upon previous research integrating racial–ethnic socialization (RES) with socio-emotional competencies in response to discrimination. We underscore the importance of exploring racial–ethnic identity development and socialization in childhood, a developmental period in which these processes are understudied.
Structural Optimization of Disk Diffusers Based on Radial Basis Functions and Multi-Island Genetic Algorithms
Authors: Liu Mengchao , Fan Jianing
Published: February 2025

HVAC systems are major energy consumers in buildings, accounting for 30% to 50% of total energy usage. Supply outlets, as the terminal devices of HVAC systems, significantly influence the system’s operational performance, energy consumption, and indoor environmental quality. However, current designs and performance optimizations of supply outlets still encounter challenges such as high resistance and low energy efficiency, posing substantial obstacles to building energy conservation, indoor air quality, and fan energy consumption. To address the optimization of resistance reduction and efficiency enhancement for local components (specifically the supply outlets) in HVAC systems, this study focuses on the commonly used disk diffusers. Utilizing a combined research methodology that integrates theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, full-scale experiments, surrogate model prediction, and multi-island genetic algorithm optimization, this study investigates both fluid flow and resistance distribution characteristics. The ADEI comprehensive evaluation index is employed to assess the operational energy efficiency of the disk diffusers. Based on an optimized Latin hypercube sampling method and incorporating RBF surrogate models, surrogate models relating the structural parameters of disk diffusers to their resistance and range are developed. A multi-island genetic algorithm is then applied to optimize the RBF surrogate models. The optimization results demonstrate that the new type of disk diffuser achieves a 33.07% reduction in ADEI compared to traditional disk diffusers, while resistance decreases by 23.10% and jet length increases by 7.19%.
A Study on the Aesthetic Tendency of the YZ Generation in China Toward the Façade Design of Coffee Shop Buildings
Authors: Wang Shaochen , Song Yang
Published: February 2025

The number of coffee shops in China is rapidly increasing, and they are becoming a gathering place for young people. In order to enhance their competitiveness, the design of coffee shops has become the core force of competition. To clarify the preferences of young people for coffee shop design, this study takes the most intuitive exposure of consumers to building façades as the starting point. Based on the façade model in the previous research, the façade model was reconstructed through expert group discussions. In total, 80 out of 490 design cases were selected and combined with the reconstructed façade model to construct a questionnaire. Then, a questionnaire survey was conducted on 595 Chinese YZ generation members. The results of the classification summary and post hoc multiple comparison analysis showed that façade design was considered an important factor affecting their choices, and if the façade design met their aesthetic preferences, they would visit the store again. In addition, the aesthetic preferences of the YZ generation for coffee shop façade design, including different façade shapes, contours, visual forms, functional forms, decorative material types, textures, tones, brightness, and color matching methods, are consistent. They prefer the modernist style and pursue more visually stimulating exterior design, and this preference does not differ in terms of generational and gender differences. The differences in aesthetic standards for façades are more reflected in income levels. The YZ generation gave a “like” rating to all façade model contents and cases, but their aesthetic differences in different façade models can still be seen through specific numerical differences.
Effect of Soil–Structure Interaction on the Damage Probability of Multistory RC Frame Buildings with Shallow Foundations
Authors: Kirçil Murat Serdar , Ethemoglu Hulagu
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study is mainly to investigate, through fragility curves, the effect of soil–structure interaction (when it is neglected during design) on damage probability. It also examines how realistic it is to conduct a performance estimation with rapid assessment methods without considering soil–structure interaction. Three RC frame buildings, with varying numbers of stories, were designed according to the Turkish Seismic Design Code, 2007. Incremental dynamic analyses of the considered structures, both with and without soil–structure interaction (SSI), were performed using 21 ground motion records to determine the damage limits. The cone model with springs was used to take soil–structure interaction into account. The discrete damage probabilities of each considered performance level were calculated, using statistical methods, in terms of elastic spectral acceleration, and continuous fragility curves were obtained. The results show that the effect of SSI on fragility was remarkable and that damage probability generally increases when soil–structure interaction is taken into consideration. The effect of site class becomes significant for life safety and collapse prevention performance levels. The increase in the probability of exceeding the collapse prevention performance level can reach up to 72% due to the existence of SSI. Thus, the results of damage estimation made without considering SSI can sometimes be significantly misleading.
Combining KPNA2 and FOXM1 Expression as Prognostic Markers and Therapeutic Targets in Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Yang Tsen-Long , Tsai Chung-Hsin , Su Ying-Wen , Chang Yuan-Ching , Lee Fang , Huang To-Yu , Li Fang-Yi , Yang Po-Sheng
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Breast cancer remains the leading malignancy affecting women worldwide, with significant mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of FOXM1 expression specifically in hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR+HER2-) breast cancer patients with high KPNA2 expression, and to identify potential FOXM1-targeted therapeutic strategies for this patient subgroup. Methods: We analyzed RNA sequencing and microarray data from three independent cohorts: Mackay Memorial Hospital patient samples, The Cancer Genome Atlas, and Gene Expression Omnibus databases. The expression levels of KPNA2, FOXM1, CCNB1, and CCNB2 were evaluated, with particular emphasis on stratifying patients based on KPNA2 expression levels. Their associations with clinical outcomes were assessed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and survival analyses. Results: While KPNA2 expression showed strong positive correlations with FOXM1, CCNB1, and CCNB2 across all datasets, our analysis revealed a distinct prognostic pattern in HR+HER2- breast cancer patients with high KPNA2 expressions. In this specific subgroup, low FOXM1 expression emerged as a favorable prognostic indicator, despite the generally poor prognosis associated with high KPNA2 levels. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated significant enrichment of the G2/M checkpoint pathway in high KPNA2-expressing patients, suggesting potential therapeutic vulnerability to FOXM1 inhibition in this subgroup. Conclusions: This study establishes FOXM1 expression as a critical prognostic marker, specifically in KPNA2-high HR+HER2- breast cancer patients, where low FOXM1 levels correlate with improved survival outcomes. These findings suggest that FOXM1 inhibition could be particularly effective in patients with high KPNA2 expression, offering a novel therapeutic strategy for this specific molecular subtype. Several FOXM1 inhibitors, including thiostrepton and FDI-6, warrant investigation as potential targeted treatments for KPNA2-high HR+HER2- breast cancer patients.
Is the Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy Safe and Accurate After Previous Surgery for Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma? A Systematic Review
Authors: Della Corte Luigi , Boccia Dominga , Cinque Federica , Pisano Cristina , Gullo Giuseppe , Billone Valentina , Restaino Stefano , Vizzielli Giuseppe , Giampaolino Pierluigi , Bifulco Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

Lymphadenectomy for vulvar carcinoma is characterized by many complications. Studies have demonstrated the diagnostic accuracy of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) as a valid alternative to lymphadenectomy in the early stages of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC). Objective: To evaluate the feasibility, safety, and accuracy, as well as the oncological outcomes of SLNB following scar injection; in addition, to assess the role of a repeat sentinel node procedure in patients with local vulvar recurrence after primary treatment. Materials and Methods: A systematic computerized search of the literature was performed in the main electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, Pub Med, and Cochrane Library) from 2010 to August 2024. Only scientific publications in English were included. Risk of bias assessment was performed. Results: Five articles were included in the study: four retrospective and one prospective observational studies. All patients’ characteristics, including type of surgery, postoperative morbidities, adjuvant therapy, and recurrence, as well as SLN detection and oncological outcomes, have been reported. Four studies compared the scar-injection group (cases) with the tumor-injection group (controls); only one study described the SLNB after vulvar recurrence (second procedure), comparing it with SLNB during primary vulvar surgery (first procedure). Conclusions: SLNB is a feasible and safe option in patients who have had previous excision of the vulvar tumor and in patients with a recurrence of VSCC who are not able or willing to undergo lymphadenectomy. Moreover, it accurately reflects the nodal status in these patients.
Interventions Provided by Physiotherapists to Prevent Complications After Major Gastrointestinal Cancer Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: White Sarah , Mani Sarine , Martin Romany , Reeve Julie , Waterland Jamie L. , Haines Kimberley J. , Boden Ianthe
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Major surgery for gastrointestinal cancer carries a 50% risk of postoperative complications. Physiotherapists commonly provide interventions to patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for cancer with the intent of preventing complications and improving recovery. However, the evidence is unclear if physiotherapy is effective compared to providing no physiotherapy, nor if timing of service delivery during the perioperative pathway influences outcomes. The objective of this review is to evaluate and synthesise the evidence examining the effects of perioperative physiotherapy interventions delivered with prophylactic intent on postoperative outcomes compared to no treatment or early mobilisation alone. Methods: A protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO and a systematic review performed of four databases. Randomised controlled trials examining prophylactic physiotherapy interventions in adults undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for cancer were eligible for inclusion. Results: Nine publications from eight randomised controlled trials were included with a total sample of 1418 participants. Due to inconsistent reporting of other perioperative complications, meta-analysis of the effect of physiotherapy was only possible specific to postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). This found an estimated 59% reduction in risk with exposure to physiotherapy interventions (RR 0.41, 95%CI 0.23 to 0.73, p < 0.001). Sub-group analysis demonstrated that timing of delivery may be important, with physiotherapy delivered only in the preoperative phase or combined with a postoperative service significantly reducing PPC risk (RR 0.32, 95%CI 0.17 to 0.60, p < 0.001) and hospital length of stay (MD–1.4 days, 95%CI −2.24 to −0.58, p = 0.01), whilst the effect of postoperative physiotherapy alone was less certain. Conclusions: Preoperative-alone and perioperative physiotherapy is likely to minimise the risk of PPCs in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery for cancer. This challenges current traditional paradigms of providing physiotherapy only in the postoperative phase of surgery. A review with broader scope and component network analysis is required to confirm this.
Microneedle-Based Sensors for Wearable Diagnostics
Authors: Ben Halima Hamdi , Lakard Boris , Jaffrezic-Renault Nicole
Published: February 2025

Microneedles (MNs) are miniature medical devices, presented as an array of micro-scale needles, each under 1 mm in height with sharp tips. MN technology is becoming a diagnostic platform associated with several qualities: no pain and no risk of infection, offering accuracy, comfort, and usability. Monitoring biomarkers in interstitial fluid (ISF) in real time is crucial for tracking changes in metabolism and assisting in the early diagnosis of chronic illnesses. Some examples of MN sensors are summarized here: the real-time sensing of two metabolites (lactate and glucose or alcohol and glucose), the transdermal tracing of pH, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Li+, and Cl−, transdermal methotrexate (MTX) monitoring, the transdermal sensing of tyrosinase enzyme as a melanoma biomarker, the integration of CRISPR technology for nucleic acid analysis, and monitoring plant sap pH in the leaves of several plants. The challenges to be addressed to realize the transition to widespread One Health solutions are analyzed.
Exploratory Analysis of Free and Glycosidically Bound Volatile Compounds in Australian-Grown and Imported Dragon Fruit: Implications for Industry Standard Development
Authors: Chen Si-Yuan , Xu Cheng-Yuan , Mazhar Muhammad Sohail , Naiker Mani
Published: February 2025

Dragon fruit (Hylocereus spp.), a globally popular tropical fruit, is highly regarded for its unique sensory attributes and potential health benefits. However, the volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles that define its aroma and flavor are underexplored. This exploratory study investigates the VOC profiles of Australian-grown and imported dragon fruit, focusing on free volatiles and glycosidically bound volatiles released through acid and enzymatic hydrolysis. The analysis aims to uncover the competitive advantages of Australian-grown dragon fruit, providing a scientific foundation for establishing industry standards in Australia, where such standards are currently absent. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and statistical analysis such as principal component analysis (PCA), this study revealed significant differences in VOC profiles influenced by variety and growing region. Northern Territory-grown white-fleshed dragon fruit (NTW) displayed the most diverse and unique volatile profile, with key unique contributors such as acetoin, phenylethyl alcohol, and prenol, highlighting its potential as a premium product. Despite regional similarities, Queensland-grown white- (QLDW) and red-fleshed (QLDR) dragon fruit exhibited distinct profiles, with compounds such as farnesol and linoleic acid ethyl ester serving as distinguishing markers. Overseas white- (OverseasW) and red-fleshed (OverseasR) samples had less complex profiles, likely related to earlier harvesting and postharvest treatments, emphasizing the impact of such practices on volatile complexity. Glycosidically bound volatiles were identified as latent precursors that enhance aroma during ripening and processing. This research underscores the importance of VOC profiling in potentially assisting with establishing industry standards for Australian dragon fruit, enabling the differentiation of domestic varieties from imports and enhancing market competitiveness. As this is a novel and exploratory study, future research should prioritize the identification of unknown compounds and refine methodologies to better understand the dynamic changes in VOCs during storage and ripening. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing postharvest practices and developing standards that support the Australian dragon fruit industry’s growth and global positioning.
Investigating the Application of Pomegranate-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles as Contrast Agents for Enhancing Breast Cancer Detection via Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Abuelmakarem Hala S. , Aly Saad Aly Mohamed , Aly Shaza H. , Ayman Sodfa , Al Mamun Muhammad Shamim , Hamdy Omnia
Published: February 2025

The present cancer diagnostic techniques and contrast agents suffer drawbacks, adverse effects, and poor compatibility with patients due to health variations. To improve the detection of breast cancer, this work examined and contrasted the prospective applications of pomegranates, chitosan nanoparticles (Cs NPs), and pomegranate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (PCs NPs) as contrast agents for breast cancer, based on the diffuse reflectance properties at the following laser frequencies: red (670 nm) and near-infrared (700 and 808 nm) spectrum. Herein, a platform for the detection of breast cancer is proposed, offering a promising pathway for cancer detection. PCs NPs with two different pomegranate contents (2 and 5 g/L) were synthesized using the sol–gel method. The cytotoxicity of the developed nanomaterials on human normal (Vero) and breast cancer (MCF7) cell lines were evaluated in the presence of laser irradiation at 670 nm, and the fluorescent effect of the nanoparticles was observed. The chemical structures of the nanomaterials and pomegranate extract were analyzed using FTIR, and they were then further analytically characterized using dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy. Results confirmed the structural stability of the nanomaterials. Cytotoxicity measurements revealed that the nanomaterials achieved a selective cytotoxic effect toward tumor cells. Results also showed significant wavelength-dependent changes in diffuse reflectance characteristics between malignant and normal cells. PCs NPs, at a content of 5 g/L, enhanced the reflectance in malignant cells compared to normal cells of more than three folds. These findings indicate the potential of PCs NPs to distinguish between healthy and malignant cells based on the reflection measurements.
Road Type Classification of Driving Data Using Neural Networks
Authors: Tollner Dávid , Zöldy Máté
Published: February 2025

Road classification, knowing whether we are driving in the city, in rural areas, or on the highway, can improve the performance of modern driver assistance systems and contribute to understanding driving habits. This study focuses on solving this problem universally using only vehicle speed data. A data logging method has been developed to assign labels to the On-board Diagnostics data. Preprocessing methods have been introduced to solve different time steps and driving lengths. A state-of-the-art conventional method was implemented as a benchmark, achieving 89.9% accuracy on our dataset. Our proposed method is a neural network-based model with an accuracy of 93% and 1.8% Type I error. As the misclassifications are not symmetric in this problem, loss function weighting has been introduced. However, this technique reduced the accuracy, so cross-validation was used to use as much data as possible during the training. Combining the two approaches resulted in a model with an accuracy of 96.21% and unwanted Type I misclassifications below 1%.
TM7SF2 as a Potential Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer: Implications for Metastasis
Authors: Hong Inpyo , Kim Sooyoun , Lee Minho , Han Seoin , Kim Hak Chun , Chu Chong Woo , Kim Seong Geun , Kim Min Kyung , Kim Chang Jin , Kang Dong Hyun , Ahn Tae Sung , Baek Moo Jun , Hussain Mudasir , Kwon Hyog Young , Jeong Dongjun
Published: February 2025

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a commonly fatal cancer and ranks as the fourth most prevalent in men and third in women worldwide. While early-stage survival rates are high, they significantly decrease with recurrence and metastasis. Thus, the early detection and treatment of metastasis-related factors can significantly improve survival rates. In this study, the transmembrane 7 superfamily member 2 (TM7SF2) gene was validated as a biomarker for predicting metastasis in CRC. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on 236 CRC tissues, and the clinicopathological factors of patients with CRC were analyzed. This evaluation revealed that TM7SF2 expression is associated with the clinical stage. Kaplan–Meier analysis confirmed the relationship between the survival rate of CRC patients and TM7SF2 expression, showing a decrease in survival rate with TM7SF2 overexpression (log-rank, p < 0.001). TM7SF2 expression was also confirmed in two pairs of primary and metastatic cell lines (SW480 and SW620). TM7SF2 knockdown was executed using siRNAs in SW480 and SW620 cells, which exhibit high expression levels. The knockdown was verified using RT-PCR and immunoblotting. Functional studies investigated the effects of TM7SF2 on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and colony formation, revealing that all these functions were suppressed in the CRC cell lines following TM7SF2 knockdown. Therefore, TM7SF2 shows promise as a biomarker for the prevention of colorectal cancer.
Orbital Radiotherapy for Graves’ Ophthalmopathy: Single Institutional Experience of Efficacy and Safety
Authors: La Rocca Madalina , Leonardi Barbara Francesca , Lo Greco Maria Chiara , Marano Giorgia , Milazzotto Roberto , Liardo Rocco Luca Emanuele , Acquaviva Grazia , La Monaca Viviana Anna , Salamone Vincenzo , Basile Antonio , Foti Pietro Valerio , Palmucci Stefano , David Emanuele , Parisi Silvana , Pontoriero Antonio , Pergolizzi Stefano , Spatola Corrado
Published: February 2025

Graves’ ophthalmopathy is the most common extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves–Basedow disease. Radiotherapy is effective especially when used in synergy with the administration of glucocorticoids. The aim of our study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of radiotherapy, using different protocols, to improve ocular symptoms and quality of life. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of two-hundred and three patients treated with retrobulbar radiotherapy between January 2002 and June 2023. Ninety-nine patients were treated with a schedule of 10 Gy in 10 fractions and one-hundred and four were treated with 10 Gy in 5 fractions. Radiotherapy (RT) was administrated during the 12 weeks of pulse steroid therapy. Patients were evaluated with a clinical exam, orbital CT, thyroid assessment, and Clinical Activity Score (CAS). Results: The median follow-up was 28.6 months (range 12–240). Complete response was found in ninety-four pts (46.31%), partial response or stabilization in one hundred pts (49.26%), and progression in nine pts (4.43%). In most subjects, an improvement in visual acuity and a reduction in CAS of at least 2 points and proptosis by more than 3 mm were observed. Three patients needed decompressive surgery after treatment. Only G1 and G2 acute eye disorders and no cases of xerophthalmia or cataract were assessed. Conclusions: RT is an effective and well-tolerated treatment in this setting, especially when associated with the administration of glucocorticoids. Although the most used fractionation schedule in the literature is 20 Gy in 10 fractions, in our clinical practice, we have achieved comparable results with 10 Gy in 5 or 10 fractions with a lower incidence of toxicity.
Transient Dynamics and Homogenization in Incoherent Collision Models
Authors: Karpat Göktuğ , Çakmak Barış
Published: February 2025

Collision models have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their versatility to simulate open quantum systems in different dynamical regimes. They have been used to study various interesting phenomena such as the dynamical emergence of non-Markovian memory effects and the spontaneous establishment of synchronization in open quantum systems. In such models, the repeated pairwise interactions between the system and the environment and also the possible coupling between different environmental units are typically modeled using the coherent partial SWAP (PSWAP) operation as it is known to be a universal homogenizer. In this study, we investigate the dynamical behavior of incoherent collision models, where the interactions between different units are modeled by the incoherent controlled SWAP (CSWAP) operation, which is also a universal homogenizer. Even though the asymptotic dynamics of the open system in cases of both coherent and incoherent swap interactions appear to be identical, its transient dynamics turns out to be significantly different. Here, we present a comparative analysis of the consequences of having coherent or incoherent couplings in collision models, namely, PSWAP or CSWAP interactions, respectively, for the emergence of memory effects for a single-qubit system and for the onset synchronization between a pair of qubits, both of which are strictly determined by the transient dynamics of the open system.
Self-Inflicted Burns: A Comparative Study in a Spanish Sample
Authors: Fidel-Kinori Sara Guila , García-Sánchez Vicente , Cepeda-Diez Maria Sonsoles , Castellano-Tejedor Carmina , Ramos-Quiroga Josep Antoni , Barret-Nerín Joan Pere
Published: February 2025

Background: In 1994, the first Spanish study on patients with self-inflicted burns (SIB) was published, showing a prototypical profile of a patient with SIB: adult male, unmarried and, in 75% of the cases, with a psychiatric background. In addition, SIB accounted for 1.98% of the total admissions in a Burns Unit between 1983 and 1991, a lower percentage than other European studies. The present study aims to replicate this work, updating this profile and comparing it with the current profile. Methods: We compared the clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of 67 patients admitted during 1983–1991 (Study I) with those of 36 patients admitted during 2010–2015 (Study II). Results: It was observed that the percentage of patients with SIB admitted to the Burns Unit was lower in Study II than in Study I (1.45% vs. 1.98%). Significant age differences were identified (t(101) = −2.074, p = 0.041, 95% CI [−11.739, −0.261]). Similarly, there were statistically significant differences in several clinical characteristics, such as psychiatric history (X2 = 11.591, p = 0.001), the occurrence of previous autolytic attempts (X2 = 7.714, p = 0.007), the place where the incident occurred (X2 = 11.647, p = 0.020), the etiology of the burn (X2 = 13.142, p = 0.004), and triggers (X2 = 6.420, p = 0.036). Conclusions: Several differences have arisen between the two studies, mainly related to the specific characteristics of SIB (e.g., etiology, triggering cause, and place of the incident), possibly attributable to the social changes that have occurred in the last 20 years. These results will add to our knowledge and will stress various precipitating factors that may lead to SIB, with the final goal of designing preventive strategies.
A Compact and Wideband Beam-Scanning Antenna Array Based on SICL Butler Matrix
Authors: Hua Zhu , Gao Chuang , Peng Jiejun , Fan Shuting , Qian Zhengfang
Published: February 2025

A compact and wideband beamforming antenna array based on a substrate-integrated coaxial line (SICL) Butler matrix at 60 GHz is proposed in this paper. The cavity-backed patch antenna loading double-ridged horn antenna is designed to enhance a gain of 5.4 dB and a bandwidth of 2.7 GHz. Different phase centers of double-ridged horn elements are formed into a non-uniform array to reduce sidelobes by −7.9 dB. By introducing the defected ground structure (DGS) for a broadband coupler, a rotationally symmetric SICL Butler matrix is designed with a 55–70 GHz bandwidth and compact dimensions of 63 × 65 × 0.512 mm3. To validate the design, a prototype was fabricated and measured. The experimental results show a wideband −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 23.3% (55.4–70 GHz) with measured gains ranging from 15 to 16.1 dBi at 62 GHz. The one-dimensional beam scanning covers ±32°. The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement.
Experimental Study of the Comparison of the Synergistic Effect of Total Ionizing Dose and Neutron Single Event on Si/SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Li Wangtian , Guo Gang , Chen Qiming , Zhang Zheng , Zhao Shuyong , Liu Jiancheng , Qin Fengdi
Published: February 2025

A comparative study on the synergistic effect of the total ionizing dose and neutron single event effect on a SiC MOSFET and Si MOSFET was performed based on the 60Co γ source and the high-pressure multiplier 14 MeV neutron source at the China Institute of Atomic Energy. First, a γ-ray total ionizing dose experiment was performed on these two devices, and the differences in the total ionizing dose damage of the SiC and Si MOSFETs were analyzed. Then, neutron single event effect experiments were performed to investigate the effects of different doses on the single event effect for the devices. The results indicate that the unhardened SiC MOSFET has stronger resistance to the total ionizing dose compared with hardened Si MOSFET. During the 14 MeV neutron irradiation experiment, no single event burnout was observed in either device, but single event transients were observed. Even though the hardened Si MOSFETs are capable of suppressing single event transient currents at a higher drain bias, the trapped charge concentration of SiC MOSFETs due to irradiation is smaller than that of Si MOSFETs, which improves their resistance to the total ionizing dose and makes them less affected by the synergistic effect of the total ionizing dose and neutron single event effects. The research results can provide some guidelines for the radiation hardening technology of power devices used in aerospace and nuclear industries.
Application of Anti-Collision Algorithm in Dual-Coupling Tag System
Authors: Cui Junpeng , Raza Muhammad Mudassar , Feng Renhai , Zhang Jianjun
Published: February 2025

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a key component in automatic systems that address challenges in environment monitoring. However, tag collision continues to be an essential challenge in such applications due to high-density RFID deployments. This paper addresses the issue of RFID tag collision in large-scale intensive tags, particularly in industrial membrane contamination monitoring systems, and improves the system performance by minimizing collision rates through an innovative collision-avoiding algorithm. This research improved the Predictive Framed Slotted ALOHA–Collision Tracking Tree (PRFSCT) algorithm by cooperating probabilistic and deterministic methods through dynamic frame length adjustment and multi-branch tree processes. After simulation and validation in MATLAB R2023a, we performed a hardware test with the RFM3200 and UHFReader18 passive tags. The method’s efficiency is evaluated through collision slot reduction, delay minimization, and enhanced throughput. PRFSCT significantly reduces collision slots when the number of tags to identify is the same for PRFSCT, Framed Slotted ALOHA (FSA), and Collision Tracking Tree (CTT); the PRFSCT method needs the fewest time slots. When identifying more than 200 tags, PRFSCT has 225 collision slots for 500 tags compared to FSA and CTT, which have approximately 715 and 883 for 500 tags, respectively. It demonstrates exceptional stability and adaptability under increased density needs while improving tag reading at distances.
Mechanics and Heat Transfer Design of Thorium Metal Target Protection Thin Film in Isotope Production in Gansu Province
Authors: Liu Yuqi , Zhang Jianrong , Liu Weiming , Ma Lidong , Wang Mengke , Zhang Yaling , Yang Lei , Yang Yangyang
Published: February 2025

Isotopes are important strategic materials, and are irreplaceable and central to the fields of national defence, energy security, medical health, and scientific research. With the demonstrated efficacy of targeted alpha therapy using 225Ac, there is a pressing need to explore radiopharmaceuticals capable of delivering consistent and ample quantities of 225Ac. Isotope production in Gansu Province has initiated the production of 225Ac via bombardment of thorium metal with 480 MeV protons. To ensure the stability and safety of thorium targets under high-power beam conditions, this study proposes a novel packaging design for the protective layer of thorium targets, accompanied by detailed mechanical and thermal analyses. The study employs an Inconel 718 alloy as the film material for vacuum welding packaging, and simulates local displacement variations in the Inconel 718 film under different thicknesses, lengths, gaps, and flange fillet conditions. The optimal parameter settings that meet the design requirements are then determined. Additionally, beam energy deposition is assessed using Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP 6) neutron calculation software, while the heat transfer process is simulated with Fluent software to optimize the cooling mechanism, ensuring the stability and safety of the target material. The final design provides a theoretical foundation for isotope production targets in Gansu Province.
Experimental Study of Dynamic Line Rating Applied to High-Temperature Low-Sag Conductors
Authors: Vejo Luis , Castro Pablo , Manana Mario , Laso Alberto , Lecuna Ramon , Bustamante Sergio , Sainz Eugenio
Published: February 2025

This study presents an analysis of ampacity evaluation techniques in overhead transmission lines based on methods for calculating conductor capacity through static and dynamic line rating analysis. It is specifically applied to high-temperature low-sag (HTLS) conductors, comparing theoretical results with empirically obtained real-time measurements. International standard methodologies, such as those from the IEEE and CIGRE, are examined to assess the impact of meteorological conditions on the performance of overhead transmission lines. Theoretical analyses are contrasted with experimental results obtained through a physical simulation prototype designed specifically for this purpose. A comparative analysis is presented that evaluates the deviations in conventional ampacity calculation techniques based on conductor temperature, comparing them with their performance in experimental situations for High-Temperature Low-Sag conductors under high load demand. This research offers an analytical perspective for optimizing the performance of transmission lines through the use of high-density currents. The results analyze the accuracy of calculation methodologies under different load and environmental scenarios, identifying conditions with the highest deviations, to enable more efficient and secure management in high-demand scenarios.
Development of Wall-Integrated Solar Energy Technologies
Authors: Liu Renhua , Duan Wentao , He Guoqing , Wang Qikun
Published: February 2025

Rising global energy demand, particularly in the building sector, has catalyzed a shift toward sustainable building practices. Buildings are now being redefined from mere energy consumers to potential energy providers, with building façades offering extensive areas for solar installations. This paper reviews recent advances in Wall-Integrated Solar Energy (WISE) systems that produce heat and electricity. A detailed comparison of their structures and performance is provided for various WISE systems, including building-integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems, attached sunspaces, Trombe walls, solar thermal collectors (STCs), PV–Trombe, Bio–PV, etc. The goal of this review is to understand the capacity of these technologies to produce energy via walls. The review concludes with key findings and future recommendations, aiming to guide the sustainable evolution of the building industry. Data from the literature suggest that building walls can be a promising energy source with the appropriate integration of solar energy.
Emissions Characteristics of OH During H2/CH4/Air Mixtures Explosion in a 20 L Closed Tank
Authors: Li Ruikang , Luo Zhenmin , Wang Tao , Cheng Fangming , Zhou Anning
Published: February 2025

To study the emission intensity of OH during H2/CH4/air mixtures explosion, experiments were performed inside a 20 L spherical closed tank. The pressure history and flame propagation characteristics of H2/CH4/air mixtures explosion were recorded and analyzed. The effects of the volume fraction of hydrogen and equivalence ratio on explosion pressure, flame radius, and emission intensity of OH were surveyed. The results show that after α > 0.6, hydrogen started to take a leading role in the explosion pressure and flame propagation of H2/CH4/air mixtures. The effect on the high equivalence ratio of H2/CH4/air mixtures is more obvious, which makes the reaction of H2/CH4/air mixtures explosion faster and more dangerous. The emission intensity of OH at 308.9 nm is strongest, with 282.8 nm being the earliest and 347.2 nm being the latest. As the volume fraction of hydrogen increases, the Imax and (dI/dt)max of OH continue to increase, and at a higher equivalence ratio, the Imax of OH begins to rise sharply from α = 0.6. As the equivalence ratio increases, Imax and (dI/dt)max of OH increase first and then decrease. The important sources of OH emissions in the H2/CH4/air mixtures explosion are the reaction of R38 and the reverse reaction of R84.