bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign language proficiency, career behaviors, and turnover‐related outcomes: A social cognitive career theory perspective of host country national employees in foreign subsidiaries
Authors: Peltokorpi Vesa , Presbitero Alfred
Published: May 2024

While the majority of employees in foreign subsidiaries are host country nationals (HCNs) who use English as a second language in their work tasks, little research focuses on the impact of English proficiency on their career‐related behaviors and outcomes. This paper applies social cognitive career theory (SCCT) to link HCN employees' English proficiency to their career‐related behaviors and outcomes in two time‐lagged studies in foreign subsidiaries. Study 1 conducted with 542 HCN employees in the Philippines suggests that career environment exploration mediates the positive English proficiency–turnover intention relationship. Study 2 conducted with 493 HCN employees in Japan suggests self‐initiated headhunter contacts to mediate the positive English proficiency–voluntary turnover relationship and job embeddedness moderate the self‐initiated headhunter contact‐turnover relationship.
Reappraisal and mindset interventions on pressurised esport performance
Authors: Sharpe Benjamin T. , Leis Oliver , Moore Lee , Sharpe Alexander T. R. , Seymour Stewart , Obine Emmanuel A. C. , Poulus Dylan
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the impact of two low‐resource interventions on esport competitors' responses to pressure, focusing primarily on state anxiety, challenge and threat appraisals, and action performance. In Experiment 1, a single‐session arousal reappraisal intervention demonstrated a significant influence on high‐pressure esports performance. Notably, it not only prompted a shift in appraisals from threat to challenge but also reduced cognitive and somatic anxiety, increased quiet eye durations and heightened cognitive effort. In Experiment 2, a preliminary assessment of the Mindset‐Reappraisal intervention was undertaken, demonstrating enhancements in esport action performance, including accelerated completion times and heightened shooting accuracy. This intervention cultivated a stress‐enhancing mindset, lowered cognitive and somatic anxiety, fostered challenge appraisals and underscores the practical efficacy of cost‐effective interventions within the specific context of our performance task. Effective management of arousal levels and educating esports competitors on stress mindset implications may improve performance under pressure, offering valuable insights for esports performance psychology. These findings suggest opportunities for refining pressure‐response strategies, paving the way for comprehensive approaches to optimise performance in competitive esports.
An exploratory study on practising listening comprehension skills in high‐immersion virtual reality
Authors: Ye Yongluan , Kaplan‐Rakowski Regina
Published: May 2024

Holding learners' attention is challenging, especially when they are asked to listen to long passages. High‐immersion virtual reality (VR) can immerse learners in listening tasks, even in such complex languages as Chinese. This exploratory study examined the effect of VR on 43 Chinese language learners' listening comprehension, enjoyment, sense of presence, and cognitive load. Participants were self‐selected into two groups without knowing the purpose of the study or the details of their activity. The experimental group (n1 = 23) experienced an interactive multimedia story in VR, and the comparison group (n2 = 20) watched a screencast video recording of the same story. Multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) indicated that VR may have a positive effect on the development of listening skills. Compared with the video group, the VR group had significantly higher listening comprehension scores, reported significantly more enjoyment and sense of presence, and reported experiencing less cognitive load. Thus, the findings suggest that VR could be used as a pedagogical tool to enhance foreign language listening skills.

Practitioner notes

What is already known about this topic

Practising listening skills is key for language development.

Virtual reality (VR) is motivational and engaging.

Research on practising listening skills in VR is scarce.

What this paper adds

VR can be beneficial for practising listening skills.

Language learners highly enjoy practising listening in VR.

Interactivity can improve engagement and support listening comprehension.

Implications for practice and/or policy

Learners should be provided pretraining and scaffolding prior to using VR.

The duration of VR activities should be considered.

Interactivity in VR may increase its effectiveness in attending listening tasks.
Sometimes simple is good enough: An analysis of methods for residential building population estimation
Authors: Yiannakoulias Niko , Boomsma Eva
Published: May 2024

Residential building population data can be useful in a breadth of urban planning, health, transportation, and business applications. Unfortunately, complete datasets of residential building populations are not widely available for use in Canada, and therefore either larger census geographies are used or residential building populations must be estimated. This research explores four different methods of estimating residential building populations, including: an equal allocation method, two measures based on building volume, and a novel method that integrates census data at the dissemination area level to calibrate a population estimation model. This work comprises three parts: 1) a description of these approaches, 2) an evaluation of their validity in a case study in Hamilton, Ontario, and 3) an application of these methods in measuring spatial accessibility to schools. Our results show that most methods yield very similar results, and most provide reasonable estimates of building populations that could be useful for some analytical tasks. However, all methods resulted in instances of error, particularly for the largest population buildings. We conclude that while more complex methods do not significantly outperform simpler methods based on building volume alone, the blend of these methods could yield more accurate population predictions.
Debate: More, not less social media content moderation? How to better protect youth mental health online
Authors: Russell Ian
Published: May 2024

Background

This article challenges Zhang et al.'s claims that social media content moderation is proving detrimental to youth mental health and asserts that greater emphasis on the systemic risks posed by social media platforms is required.

Method

This commentary draws on my lived experience as a bereaved parent, empiricial evidence and ongoing public policy and regulatory debates.

Conclusions

Greater attention should be paid to the effects of algorithmic recommendation systems, which can result in teenagers becoming rapidly exposed to large amounts of harmful content on social media sites such as Instagram, Pinterest and TikTok.
The processes and outcomes related to ‘family‐centred care’ in neuromotor and functional rehabilitation contexts for children with cerebral palsy: A scoping review
Authors: Mota Larissa Audi Teixeira , Silva Michelle Zampar , dos Santos Márcia , Pfeifer Luzia Iara
Published: May 2024

Objective

The aim of this study is to identify the main processes and outcomes related to family‐centred care (FCC) in neuromotor and functional rehabilitation of preschool children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Background

FCC is considered a reference for best practices in child rehabilitation. CP is the most common cause of physical disability in childhood with repercussions on functionality. There is a gap in knowledge of the practical principles of FCC, and it is necessary to develop a reference model for the practice of child rehabilitation professionals.

Methods

In this scoping review, the main databases selected were as follows: LILACS; Pubmed; Embase; The Cochrane Library; CINAHL (EBSCO); Scopus; Web of Science; PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database); Open Gray and other banks of thesis. The terms combined in the search strategy were as follows: ‘Family‐centered’, ‘Family‐centred’ and ‘CP’. Inclusion criteria are as follows: studies on preschool‐aged children with CP, undergoing family‐centred functional therapeutic interventions (FCFTI) with outcomes on bodily structures and functions and/or activities and/or participation.

Results

The main participatory care methods identified were home intervention, environmental enrichment, collaborative realistic goal setting, planning of home‐based activities and routine, child assessment feedback, family education/training, family coaching, encouraging discussion, observation of therapist and supervised practice. The main relational care qualities identified were as follows: respect, active listening, treat parents as equals, clear language, respect parents' ability to collaborate, demonstrate genuine care for the family, appreciate parents' knowledge and skills, demonstrate competence, experience and commitment. The main outcomes identified in children were improvement in motor and cognitive function and the child's functional ability. The main parentaloutcomes identified were empowerment, feeling of competence, self‐confidence, motivation and engagement.

Conclusion

The main differences in FCFTI programs refer to the parental education/guidance component and the amount of intervention carried out by parents. It is possible that the elements chosen by the therapist in a FCFTI depend on characteristics of the child and caregivers.
The association between sleep duration and cardiometabolic risk among children and adolescents in the United States (US): A NHANES study
Authors: Morgan Timothy , Basalely Abby , Singer Pamela , Castellanos Laura , Sethna Christine B.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This work aims to assess the association of sleep duration with cardiometabolic risk (adiposity, blood pressure, lipids, albuminuria and A1C) and to investigate lifestyle factors (physical activity, light exposure, caffeine consumption and sugar consumption) associated with sleep duration in children.

Methods

A nationally representative sample of 3907 children ages 6–17 years enrolled in NHANES from 2011 to 2014 was included in this cross‐sectional study. Sleep duration was defined as the daily average time spent sleeping over 7 days as measured by a physical activity monitor (PAM). Participants without valid sleep data for ≥95% of the study were excluded. Regression models were adjusted for age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI) Z score, physical activity and light exposure.

Results

In adjusted regression models, longer sleep duration was associated with lower systolic blood pressure index (β = −3.63 * 10−5, 95% CI −6.99 * 10−5, −2.78 * 10−6, p = 0.035) and BMI Z score (β = −0.001, 95% CI −0.001, 0.000, p = 0.002). In logistic regression models, longer sleep duration was associated with lower odds of obesity (OR = 0.998, 95% CI 0.997, 0.999, p < 0.001) and overweight status (OR = 0.998, 95% CI 0.997, 0.999, p = 0.004). Greater light exposure (β = 6.64 * 10−5, 95% CI 3.50 * 10−5, 9.69 * 10−5, p < 0.001) and physical activity (β = 0.005, 95% CI 0.004, 0.006, p < 0.001) were associated with longer sleep.

Conclusion

Longer sleep duration was associated with lower blood pressure and adiposity measures in children. Improving sleep quality by increasing physical activity and light exposure in childhood may decrease the lifetime risk of cardiometabolic disease.
Authority Over Investigation Decisions in Child Welfare Services: How is it Distributed Among Social Workers, Managers and Citizen Representatives?
Authors: Wollter Filip
Published: May 2024

This study examined the distribution of authority over decisions made during investigations within child welfare services (CWS). The distribution between various actors, such as social workers, citizen representatives and managers, was examined regarding 19 key decisions that frequently occur during investigations. The study also examined how the municipal socio‐economic status and the internal organizational conditions of CWS impact the overall hierarchical level of authority using linear regression analysis. The study was a full population study of Swedish municipalities and districts in larger cities (n = 309, response rate of 62%). The study indicates that the head of the unit holds authority over most decision types, followed by the social worker. However, the study also indicates that there are significant variations between municipalities and decision types. In the municipality delegating authority to the lowest hierarchical level, social workers hold authority over 15 decision types compared with two decision types in the municipality delegating authority to the highest hierarchical level. This variation concerns most decision types except two, where authority is almost exclusively delegated to the same actor in all municipalities. The regression analysis indicated that the educational level of the municipal inhabitants and the size of the CWS budget were the strongest predictors of the hierarchical level of authority in a municipality. High educational levels in municipalities are associated with delegating authority to low hierarchical levels, such as social workers, whereas large CWS budgets (spending as SEK per inhabitant) are associated with delegating authority to high hierarchical levels, such as top‐level managers. The implications of these results for social work research and practice are discussed.
Meta‐analysis and transcriptomic analysis reveal that NKRF and ZBTB17 regulate the NF‐κB signaling pathway, contributing to the shared molecular mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease and atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Di , Chen Keyan , Shan Li Shen
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and atherosclerosis (AS) are widespread diseases predominantly observed in the elderly population. Despite their prevalence, the underlying molecular interconnections between these two conditions are not well understood.

Methods

Utilizing meta‐analysis, bioinformatics methodologies, and the GEO database, we systematically analyzed transcriptome data to pinpoint key genes concurrently differentially expressed in AD and AS. Our experimental validations in mouse models highlighted the prominence of two genes, NKRF (NF‐κB‐repressing factor) and ZBTB17 (MYC‐interacting zinc‐finger protein 1).

Results

These genes appear to influence the progression of both AD and AS by modulating the NF‐κB signaling pathway, as confirmed through subsequent in vitro and in vivo studies.

Conclusions

This research uncovers a novel shared molecular pathway between AD and AS, underscoring the significant roles of NKRF and ZBTB17 in the pathogenesis of these disorders.
Establishment and validation of multiclassification prediction models for pulmonary nodules based on machine learning
Authors: Liu Qiao , Lv Xue , Zhou Daiquan , Yu Na , Hong Yuqin , Zeng Yan
Published: May 2024

Background

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. This study aimed to establish novel multiclassification prediction models based on machine learning (ML) to predict the probability of malignancy in pulmonary nodules (PNs) and to compare with three published models.

Methods

Nine hundred fourteen patients with PNs were collected from four medical institutions (A, B, C and D), which were organized into tables containing clinical features, radiologic features and laboratory test features. Patients were divided into benign lesion (BL), precursor lesion (PL) and malignant lesion (ML) groups according to pathological diagnosis. Approximately 80% of patients in A (total/male: 632/269, age: 57.73 ± 11.06) were randomly selected as a training set; the remaining 20% were used as an internal test set; and the patients in B (total/male: 94/53, age: 60.04 ± 11.22), C (total/male: 94/47, age: 59.30 ± 9.86) and D (total/male: 94/61, age: 62.0 ± 11.09) were used as an external validation set. Logical regression (LR), decision tree (DT), random forest (RF) and support vector machine (SVM) were used to establish prediction models. Finally, the Mayo model, Peking University People's Hospital (PKUPH) model and Brock model were externally validated in our patients.

Results

The AUC values of RF model for MLs, PLs and BLs were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.73–0.88), 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82–0.99) and 0.75 (95% CI: 0.67–0.88), respectively. The weighted average AUC value of the RF model for the external validation set was 0.71 (95% CI: 0.67–0.73), and its AUC values for MLs, PLs and BLs were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.68–0.79), 0.98 (95% CI: 0.88–1.07) and 0.68 (95% CI: 0.61–0.74), respectively. The AUC values of the Mayo model, PKUPH model and Brock model were 0.68 (95% CI: 0.62–0.74), 0.64 (95% CI: 0.58–0.70) and 0.57 (95% CI: 0.49–0.65), respectively.

Conclusions

The RF model performed best, and its predictive performance was better than that of the three published models, which may provide a new noninvasive method for the risk assessment of PNs.
Donor heart dysfunction and graft survival in liver and kidney transplants—A register‐based study from Sweden
Authors: Svensson Carl Johan , Öberg Josefin , Dellgren Göran , Gäbel Markus , Oras Jonatan
Published: May 2024

Background and aim

Stress cardiomyopathy in donors can potentially affect graft function and longevity. This study aims to investigate the association between echocardiographic left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) < 50%, and/or the presence of left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMA) in organ donors, and short‐ and long‐term liver and kidney graft survival. Our secondary aim was to link graft survival with donor and recipient characteristics.

Methods

All donors considered for liver and kidney donation with echocardiographic records at Sahlgrenska University Hospital between 2006 and 2016 were matched with their recipients through the Scandiatransplant register. The studied outcomes were graft survival, re‐transplantation, and recipient death. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to plot time to event. Multivariate Cox‐regression was used to test independence.

Results

There were 370 liver donors and 312 kidney donors (matched with 458 recipients) with echocardiographic records at Sahlgrenska University Hospital between June 2006 and November 2016. Of patients with LV dysfunction by echocardiography, there were 102 liver‐ and 72 kidney donors. Univariate survival analyses showed no statistical difference in the short‐ and long‐term graft survival from donors with LV dysfunction compared to donors without. Donor age > 65 years, recipient re‐transplantation and recipient liver tumor were predictors of worse outcome in liver transplants (p < .05). Donor age > 65, donor hypertension, recipient re‐transplantation, and a recipient diagnosis of diabetes or nephritis/glomerulonephritis had a negative association with graft survival in kidney transplants (p < .05).

Conclusion

We found no significant association between donor LV dysfunction and short‐ and long‐term graft survival in liver and kidney transplants, suggesting that livers and kidneys from such donors can be safely transplanted.
Development of immediate‐release formulation with reliable absorption of rivaroxaban in various meal regimes
Authors: Bosák Jan , Šíma Martin , Krejčí Tereza , Obadalová Iva , Šmardová Jaroslava , Kozlík Petr , Křížek Tomáš , Beránek Josef , Hauser Tomáš , Slanař Ondřej
Published: May 2024

The bioavailability of rivaroxaban at the higher doses (15 and 20 mg) is considerably reduced when the drug is administered on an empty stomach. This can lead to inadequate anticoagulant effect, and therefore, it is recommended to use the higher doses at fed state. However, proper posology may represent a barrier for some patients. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate innovative rivaroxaban‐containing formulations designed to eliminate the food effect to ensure reliable absorption and thus to improve patient adherence with the treatment. Three prototypes (Cocrystal, HPMCP and Kollidon) with rivaroxaban were developed and their bioavailability and food effect in comparison to the reference product was tested in open label, randomized, single oral dose, crossover studies, where test products were administered under fasting and fed conditions and the reference product was administered under fed conditions. Comparable bioavailability for all tested prototypes both under fed and fasting conditions was demonstrated as the 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratios for area under the concentration–time curve remained within the standard acceptance range of 80.00%–125.00%. An innovative immediate release form of rivaroxaban with no food effect on drug bioavailability has been developed, which may represent an important step toward increasing adherence, improving treatment outcome and reducing health care costs.
Blood pressure variability in acute stroke: Risk factors and association with functional outcomes at 1 month
Authors: Reddin Catriona , Murphy Robert , Hankey Graeme J. , Wang Xingyu , Langhorne Peter , Oveisgharan Shahram , Xavier Denis , Judge Conor , Rosengren Annika , Iversen Helle K. , Czlonkowska Anna , Lanas Fernando , Oguz Aytekin , Ryglewicz Danuta , Wasay Mohammad , Smyth Andrew , Yusuf Salim , O'Donnell Martin ,   INTERSTROKE investigators
Published: May 2024

Background and purpose

Blood pressure variability, in acute stroke, may be an important modifiable determinant of functional outcome after stroke. In a large international cohort of participants with acute stroke, it was sought to determine the association of blood pressure variability (in the early period of admission) and functional outcomes, and to explore risk factors for increased blood pressure variability.

Patients and methods

INTERSTROKE is an international case–control study of risk factors for first acute stroke. Blood pressure was recorded at the time of admission, the morning after admission and the time of interview in cases (median time from admission 36.7 h). Multivariable ordinal regression analysis was employed to determine the association of blood pressure variability (standard deviation [SD] and coefficient of variance) with modified Rankin score at 1‐month follow‐up, and logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for blood pressure variability.

Results

Amongst 13,206 participants, the mean age was 62.19 ± 13.58 years. When measured by SD, both systolic blood pressure variability (odds ratio 1.13; 95% confidence interval 1.03–1.24 for SD ≥20 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure variability (odds ratio 1.15; 95% confidence interval 1.04–1.26 for SD ≥10 mmHg) were associated with a significant increase in the odds of poor functional outcome. The highest coefficient of variance category was not associated with a significant increase in risk of higher modified Rankin score at 1 month. Increasing age, female sex, high body mass index, history of hypertension, alcohol use, and high urinary potassium and low urinary sodium excretion were associated with increased blood pressure variability.

Conclusion

Increased blood pressure variability in acute stroke, measured by SD, is associated with an increased risk of poor functional outcome at 1 month. Potentially modifiable risk factors for increased blood pressure variability include low urinary sodium excretion.
Familial aggregation of seizure outcomes in four familial epilepsy cohorts
Authors: Ellis Colin A. , Tu Danni , Oliver Karen L. , Mefford Heather C. , Hauser W. Allen , Buchhalter Jeffrey , Epstein Michael P. , Cao Quy ,   EPGP Consortium,   Epi4K Consortium, Berkovic Samuel F. , Ottman Ruth
Published: May 2024

Objective

To assess the possible effects of genetics on seizure outcome by estimating the familial aggregation of three outcome measures: seizure remission, history of ≥4 tonic–clonic seizures, and seizure control for individuals taking antiseizure medication.

Methods

We analyzed families containing multiple persons with epilepsy in four previously collected retrospective cohorts. Seizure remission was defined as being 5 and 10 years seizure‐free at last observation. Total number of tonic–clonic seizures was dichotomized at <4 and ≥4 seizures. Seizure control in patients taking antiseizure medication was defined as no seizures for 1, 2, and 3 years. We used Bayesian generalized linear mixed‐effects model (GLMM) to estimate the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of the family‐specific random effect, controlling for epilepsy type, age at epilepsy onset, and age at last data collection as fixed effects. We analyzed each cohort separately and performed meta‐analysis using GLMMs.

Results

The combined cohorts included 3644 individuals with epilepsy from 1463 families. A history of ≥4 tonic–clonic seizures showed strong familial aggregation in three separate cohorts and meta‐analysis (ICC .28, 95% confidence interval [CI] .21–.35, Bayes factor 8 × 1016). Meta‐analyses did not reveal significant familial aggregation of seizure remission (ICC .08, 95% CI .01–.17, Bayes factor 1.46) or seizure control for individuals taking antiseizure medication (ICC .13, 95% CI 0–.35, Bayes factor 0.94), with heterogeneity among cohorts.

Significance

A history of ≥4 tonic–clonic seizures aggregated strongly in families, suggesting a genetic influence, whereas seizure remission and seizure control for individuals taking antiseizure medications did not aggregate consistently in families. Different seizure outcomes may have different underlying biology and risk factors. These findings should inform the future molecular genetic studies of seizure outcomes.
A learning analytics‐based collaborative conversational agent to foster productive dialogue in inquiry learning
Authors: de Araujo Adelson , Papadopoulos Pantelis M. , McKenney Susan , de Jong Ton
Published: May 2024

Background

Sustaining productive student–student dialogue in online collaborative inquiry learning is challenging, and teacher support is limited when needed in multiple groups simultaneously. Collaborative conversational agents (CCAs) have been used in the past to support student dialogue. Yet, research is needed to reveal the characteristics and effectiveness of such agents.

Objectives

To investigate the extent to which our analytics‐based Collaborative Learning Agent for Interactive Reasoning (Clair) can improve the productivity of student dialogue, we assessed both the levels at which students shared thoughts, listened to each other, deepened reasoning, and engaged with peer's reasoning, as well as their perceived productivity in terms of their learning community, accurate knowledge, and rigorous thinking.

Method

In two separate studies, 19 and 27 dyads of secondary school students from Brazil and the Netherlands, respectively, participated in digital inquiry‐based science lessons. The dyads were assigned to two conditions: with Clair present (treatment) or absent (control) in the chat. Sequential pattern mining of chat logs and the student's responses to a questionnaire were used to evaluate Clair's impact.

Results

Analysis revealed that in both studies, Clair's presence resulted in dyads sharing their thoughts at a higher frequency compared to dyads that did not have Clair. Additionally, in the Netherlands' study, Clair's presence led to a higher frequency of students engaging with each other's reasoning. No differences were observed in students' perceived productivity.

Conclusion

This work deepens our understanding of how CCAs impact student dialogue and illustrates the importance of a multidimensional perspective in analysing the role of CCAs in guiding student dialogue.
Adverse events in endoscopic ultrasound‐guided choledochoduodenostomy with lumen‐apposing metal stents: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Jia‐Su , Tang Jian , Fang Jun , Li Zhao‐Shen , Liu Feng
Published: May 2024

Background and Aim

Several meta‐analyses have analyzed the technical and clinical success of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS‐CDS) by using lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS) in malignant biliary obstruction, but those concerning adverse events (AEs) are scarce. The current systematic review and meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the AEs after EUS‐CDS with LAMS.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library was conducted for studies reporting the outcomes of EUS‐CDS with LAMS. The main endpoints were the incidence of overall and specific AEs. Moreover, the stent dysfunction, and reintervention rates were evaluated independently.

Results

A total of 21 studies (n = 1438) were included in the final meta‐analysis. The pooled rate of technical and clinical success was 93.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 91.3–95.1) and 88.0% (95% CI: 83.9–91.1), respectively. After EUS‐CDS with LAMS, the pooled incidence of overall AEs was 20.1% (95% CI: 16.0–24.9). The estimated rate of early AEs was 10.6% (95% CI: 7.9–14.2), and late AEs was 11.2% (95% CI: 8.2–15.2). Infection/cholangitis was the commonest AE, with a pooled incidence of 6.1% (95% CI: 3.7–10.1). The estimated incidence of stent dysfunction and reintervention was 10.5% (95% CI: 7.5–14.4), and 12.1% (95% CI: 9.3–15.7), respectively.

Conclusion

Despite with a high technical and clinical success rate, EUS‐CDS with LAMS may be associated with overall AEs and stent dysfunction in one‐fifth and one‐tenth of cases, respectively. Further efforts are required to optimize its safety and long‐term stent patency.
Comment on: Malnutrition in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction
Authors: May Conrad
Published: May 2024

See related editorial by Brinza and Flint in this issue.
Neural correlates of individual differences in moral identity and its positive moral function
Authors: Zhu Wenfeng , Wang Kai , Li Chenxing , Tian Xue , Wu Xinyan , Matkurban Kalbinur , Xia Ling‐Xiang
Published: May 2024

Moral identity is an important moral variable which has positive moral functions, such as contributing to prosocial behaviours, reducing antisocial behaviours, and resisting the risk factors of antisocial behaviours. However, little is known about the neural correlates of moral identity and the neural basis of the effect of moral identity on the risk factors of antisocial behaviours, including moral disengagement. In this study, we explored these issues in 142 college students by estimating the regional homogeneity (ReHo) through resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The whole‐brain correlation analyses found that higher internalized moral identity was correlated with higher ReHo in the precuneus. Furthermore, the ReHo in the precuneus was negatively correlated with moral disengagement, suggesting positive moral functions of the neural mechanisms of moral identity. These findings deepen our understanding of individual differences in moral identity and provide inspiration for the education of moral identity and the intervention for moral disengagement from the perspective of the brain.
Slow to launch: Young men's parental coresidence and employment outcomes
Authors: Saydam Asya , Raley Kelly
Published: May 2024

Objective

The authors investigate the potential early career consequences of parental coresidence for young men and whether they vary by duration of coresidence.

Background

Young adult coresidence with parents is becoming more common, particularly since the Great Recession and the recent pandemic. Although many studies have investigated the factors that predict coresidence, few examine the consequences. Some prior research suggests that coresidence may directly reduce career opportunities and indirectly shape employment through its effects on mental health and family formation. Yet, the consequences may be milder if coresidence is short‐term.

Method

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, the authors examine the associations between parental coresidence after the age of 24 and employment status (n = 3915) and occupational standing (n = 3613) for young men in their early 30s in the United States. They explore how this association varies by the duration of coresidence, testing several model specifications and controlling for factors that select young men into parental coresidence.

Results

Short‐term coresidence of about 1 year is marginally associated with an improved likelihood of full‐time employment, but longer‐term parental coresidence of 4 to 6 years is negatively associated with occupational standing.

Conclusion

Parental coresidence may be beneficial for young men in their peak ages of career growth if it is only for a few years. However, just as long‐term unemployment can have a scarring effect on employment outcomes, long‐term parental coresidence might negatively impact career growth.
Personal scoping review: A novel review type with a personal touch
Authors: Lobbezoo Frank , Raphael Karen G. , Verhoeff Merel C.
Published: May 2024

Background

The importance of incorporating patient and medical professional perspectives in medical research is increasingly recognized. However, formal platforms for these voices are limited.

Objective

To address this gap, this study proposes a novel manuscript type, the Personal Scoping Review, within the Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.

Materials and Methods

Personal Scoping Reviews utilize a qualitative design with semi‐structured interviews to gather patient and professional perspectives. This approach offers flexibility and depth, allowing authors to explore diverse insights. The reviews focus on care, education and research agendas related to the topic, using the voices of individuals as primary evidence.

Results & Conclusion

Personal Scoping Reviews highlight concerns in patient care, educational needs and research gaps, offering a comprehensive view. By integrating diverse perspectives, these reviews provide valuable insights for improving medical research and practice. They facilitate the formulation of agendas to address key issues in care, education and research. By amplifying individual perspectives, these reviews aim to enhance the relevance and impact of research, ultimately benefiting patients and healthcare providers alike.
Analysis of the suprahyoid muscles during tongue elevation: High‐density surface electromyography as a novel tool for swallowing‐related muscle assessment
Authors: Yoshikawa Kohei , Nakamori Masahiro , Ushio Kai , Toko Megumi , Yamada Hidetada , Nishikawa Yuichi , Fukuoka Tatsuyuki , Maruyama Hirofumi , Mikami Yukio
Published: May 2024

Background

High‐density surface electromyography (HD‐sEMG) has enabled non‐invasive analysis of motor unit (MU) activity and recruitment, but its application to swallowing‐related muscles is limited.

Objective

We aimed to investigate the utility of HD‐sEMG for quantitatively evaluating the MU recruitment characteristics of the suprahyoid muscles during tongue elevation.

Methods

We measured the sEMG activity of the suprahyoid muscles of healthy participants during tongue elevation using HD‐sEMG. Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured, followed by data collection during sustained and ramp‐up tasks to capture suprahyoid muscle activity. Changes in the temporal/spatial MU recruitment patterns within individual suprahyoid muscles were analysed.

Results

This study enrolled 16 healthy young adults (mean age: 27.8 ± 5.3 years; eight males and eight females). Increasing muscle force corresponded to a decrease in modified entropy and correlation coefficient and an increase in the coefficient of variation. No significant differences were observed between male and female participants.

Conclusion

The results of this study, consistent with those observed in other muscles, such as the vastus lateralis muscle, suggest that HD‐sEMG is a valuable and reliable tool for quantitatively evaluating MU recruitment in the suprahyoid muscles. This measurement technique holds promise for novel assessments of swallowing function.
Building bridges of trust: Impact of regional digital financial inclusion on social capital in China
Authors: Lan Jiajun , Liu Yihan , Pan Yinghao , Peng Zhiyu
Published: May 2024

In this study, we examine the interplay between regional digital financial inclusion and social capital with a focus on social trust. Our empirical analysis shows that regions with enhanced digital financial services experience a significant boost in social trust. Specifically, a one standard deviation increase in regional digital financial inclusion correlates with an approximate increase of 1% in social trust among frequent Internet users compared with infrequent users. We futher find that growth in social trust is largely attributable to noneconomic factors, such as improvements in perceived fairness. Conversely, the economic factor of increased individual income exhibits limited explanatory strength in this context. These findings shed light on the dynamics of regional development and highlight critical policy considerations for fostering social capital through digital finance.
Threshold Network GARCH Model
Authors: Pan Yue , Pan Jiazhu
Published: May 2024

Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) model and its variations have been widely adopted in the study of financial volatilities, while the extension of GARCH‐type models to high‐dimensional data is always difficult because of over‐parameterization and computational complexity. In this article, we propose a multi‐variate GARCH‐type model that can simplify the parameterization by utilizing the network structure that can be appropriately specified for certain types of high‐dimensional data. The asymmetry in the dynamics of volatilities is also considered as our model adopts a threshold structure. To enable our model to handle data with extremely high dimension, we investigate the near‐epoch dependence (NED) of our model, and the asymptotic properties of our quasi‐maximum‐likelihood‐estimator (QMLE) are derived from the limit theorems for NED random fields. Simulations are conducted to test our theoretical results. At last we fit our model to log‐returns of four groups of stocks and the results indicate that bad news is not necessarily more influential on volatility if the network effects are considered.
Patenting of agriculture biotechnology in Iraq: Widening the gap between the country's development needs and food security
Authors: Khalaf Nihaya
Published: May 2024

In Iraq, plants and biological processes for their production and plant varieties are patentable Under Order (81/2004) in Iraq and later its amendment Law (58/2015). This paper attempts to critically review patent rules related to agricultural biotechnology. It specifically questions the extent to which Iraq's developmental needs were considered when far‐reaching plant related patent protection was granted, The motivation for this study lies in its aim to examine the shift to restrictive exclusionary rights over plant genetic resources, and the implications this shift could have on sustainable agriculture and food security in the country, particularly Iraq lacks technological, institutional and financial capacities that can be directed towards the development of the biotechnology industry in the country.
When I say … positionality
Authors: Mclaughlin Sarah
Published: May 2024

In the latest "When I Say…" @Sarah_sociology illustrates how positionality involves reflecting on how one;'s background, values, and biases shape research process and can, thus, enhance transparency, trustworthiness, and credibility.
Impact of the exposure of sublethal dose of mosquito coil on the development of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Ablorde Aikins , Kroidl Inge , Wieser Andreas , Kudom Andreas A.
Published: May 2024

Mosquito coil is commonly used in many African households for protection against mosquito bites. The coil usually has semi‐volatile pyrethroids as an active ingredient, which usually diffuse across open space, and the cloud either kills mosquitoes that are exposed, or mosquitoes can be exposed to sublethal doses of the insecticides. This study was conducted to assess the impact of sublethal doses of mosquito coil on the development of insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti, a major vector for dengue fever and several other arboviral diseases. A laboratory colony of Ae. aegypti was exposed to sublethal doses of a meperfluthrin‐based mosquito coil in a Peet‐Grady chamber once per generation for 16 generations. The susceptibility of the exposed colony to a diagnostic dose of the mosquito coil as well as to three other insecticides was determined. Three different kdr mutations and five enzyme activities were evaluated in both the exposed and control colonies. After 16 generations of sublethal exposure to mosquito coils, the full diagnostic dose of the coil caused 68% mortality to the exposed colony compared to 100% mortality in the control colony. Mortality caused by deltamethrin (0.05%) was also significantly lower in the exposed colony. The frequency of 1016I kdr mutation as well as MFO and alpha esterase activities were higher in the exposed colony compared to the control colony. This study provides evidence of the development of pyrethroid resistance in an Ae. aegypti population due to sublethal exposure to mosquito coil for 16 generations. Given the large‐scale use of mosquito coils in many African households, its role as a pyrethroid resistance selection source should be taken into consideration when designing resistance management strategies.
A systematic review of the prevalence of chronic postsurgical pain in children
Authors: Sim Nicholle Y. W. , Chalkiadis George A. , Davidson Andrew J. , Palmer Greta M.
Published: May 2024

Two prior reviews highlight the scarcity and conflicting nature of available data on chronic postsurgical pain in children, reporting a wide prevalence range of 3.2% to 64% (at ≥3 months). This updated systematic review aimed to consolidate information on the prevalence of pediatric chronic postsurgical pain. A thorough literature search of full English‐text publications from April 2014 to August 2021 was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, with search terms: postoperative pain, child, preschool, pediatrics, adolescent, chronic pain. Seventeen relevant studies were identified. Most assessed chronicity once greater than 3 months duration postoperatively (82%), were predominantly prospective (71%) and conducted in inpatient settings (88%). The surgeries examined included orthopedic (scoliosis and limb), urological, laparotomy, inguinal, and cardiothoracic procedures, involving numbers ranging from 36 to 750, totaling 3137 participants/2792 completers. The studies had wide variations in median age at surgery (6 days to 16 years), the percentage of female participants (unspecified or 12.5% to 90%), and follow‐up duration (2.5 months to 9 years). Various pain, functional, psychosocial, and health‐related quality of life outcomes were documented. Chronic postsurgical pain prevalence varied widely from 2% to 100%. Despite increased data, challenges persist due to heterogeneity in definitions, patient demographics, mixed versus single surgical populations, diverse perioperative analgesic interventions, follow‐up durations and reported outcomes. Interpretation is further complicated by limited information on impact, long‐term analgesia and healthcare utilization, and relatively small sample sizes, hindering the assessment of reported associations. In some cases, preoperative pain and deformity may not have been addressed by surgery and persisting pain postoperatively may then be inappropriately termed chronic postsurgical pain. Larger‐scale, procedure‐specific data to better assess current prevalence, impact, and whether modifiable factors link to negative long‐term outcomes, would be more useful and allow targeted perioperative interventions for at‐risk pediatric surgical patients.
Ethical and practical considerations of pediatric refusal in clinical anesthesia: An educational review
Authors: Haltom J. Patrick , Martin Amy S.
Published: May 2024

Children commonly refuse induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia providers must then decide whether to honor the child's dissent or to proceed over objection. In some circumstances, a forced induction involves restraining the child, incurring both practical and ethical harms to the patient‐provider encounter. This educational review explores the practical dilemma encountered when a child dissents to induction of anesthesia. In the course of exploring this dilemma, dissent and associated terms are defined and compared, and the prominent ethical underpinnings regarding pediatric decision‐making are described to clarify dissent as an ethical and practical concept. Important legal and professional standards are summarized, and practice trends are discussed to depict the current state of practice, including novel approaches to honoring pediatric dissent for elective surgeries. This information is then used to invite providers to consider where they ethically situate themselves within a legally and professionally defined space of acceptable practice. Finally, these considerations are synthesized to discuss important nuances regarding pediatric refusal, and some key questions are presented for clinicians to ponder as they consider their practice of choosing whether to honor pediatric dissent at induction.
NAC transcription factor ATAF1 negatively modulates the PIF‐regulated hypocotyl elongation under a short‐day photoperiod
Authors: Li Taotao , Fang Ke , Tie Yu , Lu Yuxin , Lei Yuxin , Li Weijian , Zheng Ting , Yao Xiuhong
Published: May 2024

Day length modulates hypocotyl elongation in seedlings to optimize their overall fitness. Variations in cell growth‐associated genes are regulated by several transcription factors. However, the specific transcription factors through which the plant clock increases plant fitness are still being elucidated. In this study, we identified the no apical meristem, Arabidopsis thaliana‐activating factor (ATAF‐1/2), and cup‐shaped cotyledon (NAC) family transcription factor ATAF1 as a novel repressor of hypocotyl elongation under a short‐day (SD) photoperiod. Variations in day length profoundly affected the transcriptional and protein levels of ATAF1. ATAF1‐deficient mutant exhibited increased hypocotyl length and cell growth‐promoting gene expression under SD conditions. Moreover, ATAF1 directly targeted and repressed the expression of the cycling Dof factor 1/5 (CDF1/5), two key transcription factors involved in hypocotyl elongation under SD conditions. Additionally, ATAF1 interacted with and negatively modulated the effects of phytochrome‐interacting factor (PIF), thus inhibiting PIF‐promoted gene expression and hypocotyl elongation. Taken together, our results revealed ATAF1–PIF as a crucial pair modulating the expression of key transcription factors to facilitate plant growth during day/night cycles under fluctuating light conditions.
Intergenerational connections: Skipped generation family contact during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Stephan Abigail T. , McKown Georgia L.
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the association between the perceived impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on skipped generation familial connections and subjective well‐being among grandchildren and grandparents across the United States. Guided by Walsh's family resilience model, this convergent mixed methods study drew on the survey responses of unrelated adolescent and young adult grandchildren (n = 66) and grandparents (n = 40). Correlational analyses revealed a significant association between perceived impact of COVID‐19 on one's skipped generation family relationships and subjective well‐being for grandchildren but not grandparents. The qualitative results demonstrate both a breakdown and build‐up of processes essential for family resilience: communication, organization, and belief systems. Together, these findings demonstrate the effects of COVID‐19 on skipped generation family relationships are complex, with ties between family members in younger and older generations being simultaneously strengthened and eroded. This study builds on our understanding of intergenerational familial contact when physical separation is present, allowing for more informed decisions as the effects of COVID‐19 on individuals, family systems, and relationships between family members—as well as geographic separation between generations more broadly—continue to evolve.