bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nowa rola przedmiotu w choreografiach współczesnych: Witalistyczna materialność w twórczości Aleksandry Borys
Authors: Guzy Maciej
Published: October 2021

Artykuł stanowi próbę poszerzenia polskiego dyskursu teatrologicznego o analizę współczesnych praktyk choreograficznych skoncentrowanych na zagadnieniu wykorzystania przedmiotu w przedstawieniach tanecznych i eksplorujących nowe sposoby rozumienia materialności. Rozważania oparte są na założeniu, że twórcy nowej choreografii postrzegają materię jako aktywny czynnik, który na różne sposoby może być włączany w procestwórczy. Autor przedstawia i interpretuje dwa projekty artystyczne Aleksandry Borys: instalację Air Mapping oraz choreografię Dancing the Dance. Prace te zestawia z teorią realizmu agencyjnego Karen Barad. Stara się wykazać, że materia w twórczości Borys może być postrzegana przez pryzmat jej procesualnego charakteru, a nie jako niezmienna podstawa rzeczywistości.
Toxicological assessment of Capparis spinosa L. seed’s oil
Authors: Poghosyan Susanna Babken , Tadevosyan Natalya Stepan , Muradyan Susanna Arshavir , Ter-Zakaryan Siranush Hovhannes , Jzhandzhapanyan Ashot Norayr , Kirakosyan Gayane Vladimir
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Herbal medicines are unique therapeutic agents that represent multicomponent complexes of biologically active substances. They have low toxicity, a wide spectrum of therapeutic action with a minimum of side effects and a relatively low cost. Capparis spinosa L. has been widely used in traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases and health conditions. Material and methods. An assessment of the toxicometric parameters of Capparis spinosa L. seed’s oil was done by a single oral and dermal exposure, the average lethal doses have been calculated for both routes, sensitivity by sex has been studied. The local irritant, skin resorptive, effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes of experimental animals was investigated. Sensitizing activity was studied according to the complex sensitization scheme. Processing of the results was carried out by the method of variation statistics. Standard errors and other indicators were calculated using the Litchfield-Wilcoxon probabilistic analysis method modified by Prozorovsky. The difference in mean values was estimated using Student’s t-test. Results. The acute toxicity of the oil was not expressed, death of animals was not observed. Average lethal dose for a single oral exposure was above 7000 mg/kg and dermal more than 3000 mg/kg. Sensitivity by sex in an acute experiment has not been established. The oil had a mild irritating effect on the mucous membranes of the eyes. It did not show skin-irritating, resorptive-toxic and sensitizing effects. Conclusion. Capparis spinosa L seed’s oil belongs to the 4th hazard class (low hazard) according to the hygienic classification and safety requirements of substances.
Pokémon Go: la experiencia del espacio urbano aumentado
Authors: Navarro-Redón Aida
Published: October 2021

En 1996 se publicó el primer videojuego de Pokémon; 20 años después, en junio de 2016, se publicó el videojuego Pokémon Go que, empleando la realidad aumentada, se tornó en poco tiempo un fenómeno social que modificó el uso del espacio urbano de una forma inédita hasta el momento. El presente trabajo analiza por qué Pokémon pudo dar el salto de ser un juego de rol japonés a una aplicación móvil con más de 11 millones de usuarios diarios y cómo ese cambio se fundamenta en la importancia que el juego le da al espacio y la interacción con éste. Esta espacialidad se soporta a su vez en tres características del juego: dar a los jugadores el papel de explorador espacial, disolver la fina línea entre el mundo virtual y el material y desarrollar el juego para dispositivos móviles paulatinamente más integrados en la realidad del jugador. Esta evolución de Pokémon ligada al espacio ejemplifica y anticipa una naciente relación juego virtual – espacio urbano.
Libertad, seguridad y exclusión: la experiencia de los barrios cerrados en Honduras
Authors: Urtecho-Osorto Óscar , Landa-Blanco Miguel , Vásquez-González Gabriela María , Vásquez-González Daniela María
Published: October 2021

Esta investigación tuvo el propósito de conocer las percepciones y experiencias de los habitantes de Distrito Central, Honduras, sobre los barrios cerrados. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, recolectando información vía entrevistas abiertas. Se percibe que habitar en barrios cerrados reduce el riesgo de ser víctimas de la criminalidad. Se consideran espacios seguros que permiten la interacción al aire libre y brindan protección a los bienes personales. Mientras los beneficiados los consideran necesarios para resguardarse de la inseguridad, quienes no viven en ellos piensan que los cierres de vías públicas son un problema. Además, existe una percepción ambivalente sobre la libertad en el barrio cerrado: hay quienes se sienten libres de circular, pero otros experimentan la sensación de encierro y vigilancia. El cierre y la vigilancia tienen costos económicos no accesibles para todos.
Emoción, geografía y patrimonio: experiencia para resignificar el espacio urbano en Valparaíso (Chile)
Authors: Jiménez-Peralta Maite , Jiménez-Alvarado Gladys , Bravo-Álvarez Gonzalo , Reveco-Gautier Jacqueline
Published: October 2021

La gestión de una ciudad patrimonial, pone en diálogo desarrollo económico, diversidad cultural y marginación, donde una “geografía de las emociones” abre nuevas formas de comprender su valor. Se exploró en el sector La Matriz, barrio estigmatizado y con una incipiente gentrificación, cómo su patrimonio memorial organiza un mapa en el espacio urbano que difiere cómo lo ve la autoridad local. La recuperación de su memoria como modelo de trabajo, permitió resignificar el valor inmaterial de su paisaje. Los relatos de vida, conectaron a los habitantes con su territorio. Un nuevo mapa emergió donde hay una dualidad, dos barrios que conviven uno de día y otro de noche, uno del pasado y otro en el presente. En un marco de globalización, cuando el extranjero accede a este registro puede mirar de otra manera el paisaje y la gestión local toma un sentido de mayor sostenibilidad en el territorio
Ethical Considerations for Community Based Psychosocial Accompaniment: Towards a Strengthened Mental Health Response amidst Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Musili Telesia Kathini , Cheronoh Fancy
Published: October 2021

The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic in the early months of 2020 thwarted and continues to disrupt the strides made in the provision of health services including mental health. Mental health stability is vital to personal wellbeing, the building of relationships and the making of notable contributions to society. This paper sought to situate the importance of psychosocial accompaniment within the community as one of the strategies of responding to mental health challenges that are usually compounded by stigma and discrimination. Content analysis of relational actions prompted by the infectious Covid-19 pandemic formed the basis of this article. Ethical considerations of justice and mutual trust are advanced as foundational values in a community of relations that can easily and practically respond to mental health instability amidst contagious epidemics. The study employed reported experiences of distress emanating from life disruptions that significantly led to poorer mental health in order to urge for psychosocial accompaniment that is founded within the community level. Close relations within the community are lauded as a practical strategy of enhancing and strengthening mental health response amidst contagious pandemics, such as Covid-19.
Gender and Access to Higher Education among Refugees in Dadaab and Kakuma Kenya: Challenges and Possible Interventions
Authors: Mwoma Teresa , Chege Fatuma
Published: October 2021

Education plays a critical role in rebuilding societies torn apart by conflicts and violence that are often driven by socio-economic injustices and political differences. This makes people both young and old flee their homes and countries to seek refuge in other places ending up in refugee camps. While children in refugee camps are able to access some form of education at lower levels of learning, more male youth than their female counterparts tend to seek post-basic education outside the confines of refugee camps. Statistics show an increase of youth attending secondary school from 4% in 2011 to 10% in 2017. However, there were fewer young women than men accessing higher education in 2016, thus creating a gender disparity in favour of men with thirteen out of 91 students enrolled in tertiary education being female while 78 were males. This article, therefore, explores the challenges experienced in accessing higher education by both female and male refugees, as well as provides suggestions on enhancing gender equity in participating in higher education. The article is informed by findings from a desk review on the implementation of the Borderless Higher Education for Refugees (BHER) in Dadaab and the Quality Secondary Education in Emergencies (QSEE) in Kakuma. The article further utilises findings from responses to an unstructured questionnaire that was administered to students undertaking the two programmes to explore their perceptions on challenges experienced in accessing higher education by refugees. Findings indicated that refugees face a myriad of challenges that compromise their ability to access higher education including, early marriages for girls, lack of scholarships to enable them to access education, limitation of movement which hinder them from joining other students in universities where they are enrolled for open learning.
Determinants of Contraceptives Uptake among Adolescents’ Girls Aged 14-19 Years in Homa Bay County
Authors: Owoko Stephen Owende , Odari Eddy Okoth , Mokaya Daniel
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Adolescents are individuals aged between 10-19 years. This phase is characterised by rapid growth, sexual maturation, and sexual exploration. These behaviours expose sexually active adolescent girls to a greater risk of unintended pregnancies, unsafe abortion, and sexually transmitted infections. This study aimed to assess the determinants of contraceptives uptake among adolescent girls in Homa Bay County in Kenya with specific objectives assessing the level of awareness, uptake as well as evaluating the factors affecting the sexual & reproductive health service provision to adolescent girls in the region. Result: A cross-sectional survey was done targeting 385 girls and 32 health facilities. The response rate was 100%, with the level of knowledge on contraceptives at 97.6%. The main sources of knowledge on contraceptives were from teachers in schools (30%), peers (17.2%) and media. 70% of the respondents were in a heterosexual relationship of which 58.6% preferred male condom use as their contraceptive method of choice, while the use of pills was the least at 0.6%. The majority (57.9%) of the girls did not practice safer sex exposing them to a higher risk of Sexually transmitted infections and unintended pregnancies. Discussions: The level of contraceptive uptake significantly varied from one sub-county to the other (p < 0.005), with the sub-counties in the Islands of Lake Victoria such as Suba sub-counties having up to 80% lesser chance of their girls using any form of contraceptives (OR = 0.2; CI: 0.2–0.8). Major barriers were the fear of side effects (51.8%) and self-stigmatisation (13.4 %). Health facilities were the main source of contraceptives (77.1%); however, the study noted a lack of youth-friendly services that would favour increased access. Further, there was a complete lack of knowledge on adolescent sexual and reproductive health policies and procedures among the girls (39.6%). Conclusion: Misinformation, cultural perception on the use of contraceptives among adolescents, and lack of youth-friendly services in health facilities are key drivers to the underutilisation of contraceptives by adolescent girls in Homabay county. Adolescents from the island stand a higher risk of non-utilisation of contraceptives compared to their mainland counterparts. Recommendations: There is a need for strengthened youth-friendly comprehensive sexual health education and services in all health facilities with more emphasis on risk reduction interventions and sensitisation of young girls on the available policies. Mechanisms should be availed, specifically to reach the “hard to reach” adolescent populations in the islands.
Mathematik, Sprache und Medien
Authors: Klose Rebecca
Published: October 2021

Im siebten Band der Reihe Lernen, Lehren und Forschen mit digitalen Medien in der Primarstufe liegt der Fokus auf der Thematik ‚Mathematik und Sprache‘. Digitale Medien bieten vielfältige Zugänge und Möglichkeiten der Darbietung und Veranschaulichung mathematischer Inhalte, nicht nur, aber gerade auch in Zeiten des ‚Lernens auf Distanz‘. Auch die Bedeutung von Sprache beim Mathematiklernen hat in den vergangenen Jahren in der Mathematikdidaktik besondere Aufmerksamkeit erhalten. In den verschiedenen Beiträgen werden zwei Aspekte, das Mathematiklernen mit digitalen Medien sowie die Rolle der Sprache im Mathematikunterricht, zusammengeführt. Die Autorinnen und Autoren nehmen verschiedene digitale Möglichkeiten zur Erarbeitung mathematischer Inhalte, zur Darstellung sowie zur Dokumentation und Kommunikation von Lernprozessen genauer in den Blick. Es geht unter anderem um verschiedene Arten von Videos, etablierte und selbst entwickelte Apps, die Verwendung von Wörterbüchern und den Einsatz von WebQuests, welche sich für die Arbeit mit mehrsprachigen Lerngruppen anbieten. Dieser Band richtet sich an Lehrerinnen und Lehrer aller Schulformen, besonders der Klassen 1 bis 6, an Ausbilderinnen und Ausbilder aller Phasen der Lehrkräftebildung aber auch an Forschende aus der Didaktik der Mathematik und darüber hinaus. In den Beiträgen finden sich deutliche sprachwissenschaftliche und mediendidaktische Bezüge sowie Konzepte für den Einsatz digitaler Medien beim Mathematiklernen in zeitgemäßen Lernsettings.
Förderung von Beschreibungskompetenzen – Gestaltung digitaler Sprachförderbausteine in der Tablet-App Book Creator
Authors: Tittel Sophie , Höveler Karina
Published: October 2021

Mündliche Beschreibungen bilden die Grundlage vieler Sprachhandlungen und fördern das inhaltliche Erfassen mathematischer Phänomene, stellen viele Lernende jedoch vor große Herausforderungen. Daher erfordert die Entwicklung der sprachlichen Fähigkeiten eine umfassende Förderung. Digitale Medien bieten vielfältige diesbezügliche Potentiale, wurden im Mathematikunterricht jedoch bisher nicht hierfür eingesetzt. Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die theoriebasierte Entwicklung eines Kompetenzmodells zum mündlichen Beschreiben von operativen Veränderungen und bisherige Erkenntnisse zu digitalem Scaffolding in der Sprachförderung. Ausgehend hiervon werden Gestaltungsprinzipien für digitale Sprachförderbausteine und eine mögliche Umsetzung dieser in der Tablet-App Book Creator dargestellt.
Digitale Sprachassistenzsysteme im Mathematikunterricht – Wie Alexa, Google Assistant und Co. das Lernen bereichern können
Authors: Dilling Frederik
Published: October 2021

Dieser Beitrag beschäftigt sich mit dem Einsatz von digitalen Sprachassistenzsystemen im Mathematikunterricht. Zunächst wird die Funktionsweise von Sprachassistenzsystemen überblicksartig beschrieben. Anschließend erfolgt die theoriebasierte Erörterung von Chancen und Herausforderungen dieser neuen Technologie für das Lernen von Mathematik. Diese werden in einem weiteren Abschnitt an zwei Beispielanwendungen expliziert. Schließlich werden die Ergebnisse in einem Fazit zusammengefasst und weiterführende Projekte beschrieben.
Binding Properties and Biological Activity of a Novel Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibody Directed toward HER2 Antigen
Authors: R Blanco , LA Alcalde , M Ramal , E Dominguez , L Chao , D Pérez , S Casavilca , B Sánchez , N Ledon , M Cedeño
Published: October 2021

Several biosimilars for Herceptin® (trastuzumab) and other innovator monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against HER2 molecule have been developed and approved in the last years. Here, it is reported the binding properties of a novel anti-HER2 mAb (called 5G4) as well as the capacity of this mAb to inhibit cell proliferation and to induce Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC). mAb 5G4 was compared with Herceptin® in a panel of human normal tissues, breast tumors and cell lines using immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, western blot, flow cytometry and colorimetric methods. mAb 5G4 showed weak to moderate staining in breast ductal cells (1/2), gastric glandular cells (1/3) and renal tubes (2/3). Additionally, an intense reactivity was evident with mAb 5G4 in HER2-positive breast adenocarcinomas. The tissue staining was slightly more intense with Herceptin® (trastuzumab) that was used as control. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that mAb 5G4 is able to react with HER2 overexpressing cells (SK-BR-3 and SKOV3) comparable to Herceptin®. The relative binding and the anti-proliferative activity ranges of mAb 5G4 using Herceptin® as reference were between 91-115% and between 91-106%, respectively, which are considered comparable. Moreover, preliminary results suggest that the capacity of mAb 5G4 to induce ADCC in SK-BR-3 cells is non-inferior to Herceptin®. Our data permit to consider that mAb 5G4 has similar binding properties to HER2 antigen and biological activity compared with Herceptin®. However, further determinations such as affinity and FcgRIIIa binding activity of mAb 5G4 could be useful to confirm these results.
Cardiovascular system and COVID-19
Authors: Boychev Damyan , Zlatareva Naidenka , Petrov Ivo
Published: October 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected health and economies around the globe at an unprecedented scale. Since the ﬁ rst registered case of Covid-19 in December of 2019 until May 2021, more than 167 mil people have been infected and more than 3.5 mil have died. Patients with cardiovascular disease are one of the most affected groups. First, because cardiovascular disease, for example, stable angina or past myocardial infarction, weakens system’s abilities of dealing with stress due to inﬂ ammation. Secondly, because COVID-19 is associated with multiple different mechanisms of cardiovascular injury. Developing COVID-19 related cardiovascular complications is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The goal of this review is to present the known up to this moment mechanisms of cardiovascular injury and complications after COVID-19.
Long-term effects of the mean hemoglobin A1c levels after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with diabetes
Authors: Bae Jaekyung , Yoon Ji-Hyung , Lee Jung-Hee , Nam Jong-Ho , Lee Chan-Hee , Son Jang-Won , Kim Ung , Park Jong-Seon , Shin Dong-Gu
Published: October 2021

Background/Aims: The clinical benefit of strict blood glucose-lowering therapy for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) is still debated. We aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of patients with diabetes who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), according to the mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level after PCI.Methods: We evaluated 675 diabetes patients with CAD treated with PCI. We categorized the study population into three groups based on the mean observed HbA1c levels during the follow-up duration, as follows: aggressive control (AC) group (HbA1c level < 6.5%, n = 148), moderate control (MC) group (HbA1c level ≥ 6.5% and < 7.0%, n = 138), and uncontrolled (UC) group (HbA1c level ≥ 7.0%, n = 389). The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), defined as cardiac death, myocardial infarction, repeat target vessel revascularization, and stroke.Results: The mean HbA1c level of the AC group was significantly lower than that of the MC and UC groups (6.04% ± 0.36% vs. 6.74% ± 0.14% vs. 8.39% ± 1.20%, p < 0.001). The incidence of MACCEs was significantly lower in the AC group than in the MC and UC groups (16.0% vs. 24.3% vs. 26.3%, p = 0.010), mostly driven by the incidence of stroke (4.4% vs. 14.0% vs. 11.4%, p = 0.013). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that only the AC group was associated with a reduced rate of MACCEs (hazard ratio, 0.499; 95% confidence interval, 0.316 to 0.786; p = 0.004) compared with the UC group.Conclusions: Our study showed that intensive glycemic control (HbA1c level < 6.5%) is associated with improved clinical outcomes after PCI in patients with diabetes.
Pour une géographie des situations problématiques
Authors: Le Lay Yves-François , Comby Emeline
Published: October 2021

Les sciences humaines et sociales utilisent le terme de situation pour désigner le réseau évolutif de relations enchevêtrées et les interactions transformatrices qu’une entité entretient avec un assemblage hétérogène d’éléments abiotiques, biotiques et anthropiques. Sans prétendre à l’exhaustivité, cet article a pour objectif d’identifier quelques jalons qui permettent de constituer un cadre théorique pour penser les situations problématiques en géographe. Les influences proviennent non seulement des écrits anglophones associés à la philosophie pragmatiste (Dewey et Mead) et à la sociologie interactionniste (Becker, Blumer et Goffman), mais aussi des éclairages de l’existentialisme (Marcel, Sartre et Jaspers), de l’Internationale situationniste (Debord) et de la philosophie de l’instauration (Souriau). Pour chacun de ces jalons, un exemple emprunté à la géographie de l’eau permet de montrer comment s’incarnent et se nouent les principes théoriques dans des situations particulières. Le croisement de ces différentes approches peut aider les géographes à traiter les situations problématiques de manière à la fois plus humaine, plus qu’humaine et plus-que-représentationnelle.
Les inégalités sociales de santé à l'hôpital aujourd'hui
Authors: Belorgey Nicolas
Published: October 2021

Depuis la création à partir de la Seconde Guerre mondiale d’une institution ouverte à toutes les classes, se pose la question de la persistance éventuelle de différenciations sociales au sein de l’hôpital, de l’existence de différents types de médecine et de différentes carrières de patients et filières de soin. Afin d’y répondre avec des données récentes et une méthode renouvelée, une enquête a été réalisée dans un service de gériatrie. Elle mobilise des méthodes qualitatives (ethnographie) et quantitatives (analyse de trajectoires, régression logistique). Elle montre la persistance de filières de soin différenciées selon des critères sanitaires et sociaux, d’une part entre classes dominantes et classes populaires, d’autre part au sein des classes populaires.
Elle dépense, il(s) consomme(nt), il place, qui possède ?
Authors: Jannot Angèle
Published: October 2021

Les inégalités patrimoniales de genre sont désormais solidement documentées grâce à des travaux qui se sont centrés sur les moments où les membres des ménages comptent ce qui avait été mis (ou non) en commun, lors des séparations ou lors des héritages. Malgré une mise en commun plus forte des ressources lorsqu’il y a au moins un enfant, les mères sont les grandes perdantes de ces moments de comptabilité des biens domestiques. Elles le seraient de plus en plus, notamment avec le développement des régimes matrimoniaux qui tendent à individualiser les patrimoines des conjoints. Les arrangements économiques qui visent à conserver et transmettre un patrimoine à un enfant leur sont défavorables et leur prise en charge du travail domestique gratuit est moins valorisable sous la forme d’un patrimoine que du travail rémunéré. Face au constat d’un renforcement de ces inégalités, cette contribution tente de saisir les processus qui y aboutissent : comment des inégalités de revenus engendrent-elles des inégalités de possession de biens et des inégalités de patrimoine au sein des couples parentaux ? Pour comprendre ces mécanismes au bas et en haut de l’échelle sociale, cet article propose une analyse des correspondances multiples sur des données représentatives au niveau national, qui questionne l’influence des niveaux absolus et relatifs de revenus, de diplôme et de patrimoine. L’ethnographie d’une dizaine de couples de parents de sexe différent appartenant aux classes populaires stables et aux classes moyennes tente de mieux comprendre ce qui se passe dans les familles situées relativement bas dans l’espace social dont les ressources en jeu sont mal saisies par les catégories de la statistique publique. Les égalités de placements souvent très faibles dans ces familles, masquent d’autres types d’appropriation de la production domestique qui ne concernent pas des capitaux monétaires.
$ L^p $-exact controllability of partial differential equations with nonlocal terms
Authors: Malaguti Luisa , Perrotta Stefania , Taddei Valentina
Published: October 2021

The paper deals with the exact controllability of partial differential equations by linear controls. The discussion takes place in infinite dimensional state spaces since these equations are considered in their abstract formulation as semilinear equations. The linear parts are densely defined and generate strongly continuous semigroups. The nonlinear terms may also include a nonlocal part. The solutions satisfy nonlocal properties, which are possibly nonlinear. The states belong to Banach spaces with a Schauder basis and the results exploit topological methods. The novelty of this investigation is in the use of an approximation solvability method which involves a sequence of controllability problems in finite-dimensional spaces. The exact controllability of nonlocal solutions can be proved, with controls in \begin{document}$ L^p $\end{document} spaces, \begin{document}$ 1
. The results apply to the study of the exact controllability for the transport equation in arbitrary Euclidean spaces and for the equation of the nonlinear wave equation.
A special form of solution to half-wave equations
Authors: Huh Hyungjin
Published: October 2021

We investigate a special form of solution to the one-dimensional half-wave equations with particular forms of nonlinearities. Using the special form of solution involving Hilbert transform, the half-wave equations reduce to nonlocal nonlinear transport equation which can be solved explicitly.
Modelling physical and ecological processes in medium-to-large deep European perialpine lakes: a review
Authors: Dresti Claudia , Fenocchi Andrea , Copetti Diego
Published: October 2021

In this paper we review a significant sample of the modelling studies carried out on medium-to-large deep European perialpine lakes (MLDEPLs). The reviewed bibliographic corpus was obtained querying Elsevier’s Scopus® database with a tailored search string on 8 January 2021. Results were filtered, accepting only journal papers written in English dealing with natural lakes having surface area > 10 km2. A list of 75 works was obtained, published between 1986 and 2021. Most studies have been carried out on Swiss lakes (44 out of 75 papers), Lake Geneva being the most investigated environment. A significant positive correlation was found between lake surface area and volume and the number of dedicated papers, suggesting that scientific attention is higher for environments characterised by large dimensions and relevant socio-economic interests. Both the number of papers and their citation count have experienced an exponential growth in time, pointing to a rising interest in quantitative modelling applications, but also to the increasing availability and ease of use of numerical modelling tools. Among the 75 selected papers, 55 employ a hydrodynamic driver, used alone or coupled with an ecological module, while the remnant 20 works adopt an ecological-only model. Among the papers employing hydrodynamic models, the use of three-dimensional (3D) drivers is surprisingly slightly more frequent (28 papers) than that of one-dimensional (1D) ones (26 papers), with most 3D applications having been published in the last 2011-2020 decade (24 papers). This reflects the interest on the hydrodynamic processes leading to the observed spatial heterogeneities in the biochemical properties of the MLDEPLs. However, coupling of ecological modules with 3D hydrodynamic drivers, to directly simulate these phenomena, is still restricted (2 papers) compared to that of 1D hydrodynamic drivers (8 papers), due to calibration and computational difficulties, which could be strongly reduced by future research achievements. Nevertheless, 1D models allow performing long-term prognoses considering multiple climate change and watershed management scenarios, due to their much smaller computational burden. The largest group of works dealing with ecological-only models (6 papers) is dedicated to applications of phosphorus budget models, which can above all be used to forecast variations in lake productivity in response to changes in the availability of the limiting nutrient.
Graphical abstract
Assessing the relative threats from Canadian volcanoes
Authors: Wilson A M , Kelman M C
Published: October 2021

This report presents an analysis of the threat posed by active volcanoes in Canada and outlines directives to bring Canadian volcano monitoring and research into alignment with global best practices. We analyse 28 Canadian volcanoes in terms of their relative
threat to people, aviation and infrastructure. The methodology we apply to assess volcanic threat was developed by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) as part of the 2005 National Volcano Early Warning System (NVEWS). Each volcano is scored on a number of hazard and exposure factors,
producing an overall threat score. The overall threat scores are then assigned to five threat categories ranging from Very Low to Very High. We adjusted the methodology slightly to better suit Canadian volcano conditions by adding an additional knowledge uncertainty score; this does not affect the
threat scoring or ranking. Our threat assessment places two volcanoes into the Very High threat category (Mt. Meager and Mt. Garibaldi). Three Canadian volcanoes score in the High threat category (Mt. Cayley, Mt. Price and Mt. Edziza) and two volcanoes score in the Moderate threat category (the Nass
River group and Mt. Silverthrone). We compare the ranked Canadian volcanoes to similarly scored volcanoes in the USA and assess the current levels of volcano monitoring against internationally recognised monitoring strategies. We find that even the most thoroughly-studied volcano in Canada (Mt.
Meager) falls significantly short of the recommended monitoring level (Mt. Meager is currently monitored at a level commensurate with a Very Low threat edifice, according to NVEWS recommendations). All other Canadian volcanoes are unmonitored (other than falling within a regional seismic network
emplaced to monitor tectonic earthquakes). Based on the relative threat and scientific uncertainty surrounding some Canadian volcanoes, we outline five strategies to improve volcano monitoring in Canada and lower the uncertainty about eruption style and frequency: installation of real-time seismic
stations at all Very High and High threat volcanoes, comprehensive lithofacies studies at Mt. Garibaldi in order to reduce uncertainty surrounding the frequency and style of volcanism, hazard mapping at Mt. Garibaldi and Mt. Cayley and publication of existing hazard analyses and mapping for Mt.
Meager as a comprehensive hazard map, regular satellite-based ground deformation monitoring at all Very High to Moderate threat edifices, and, finally, installation of a landslide detection and alerting system at Mt. Meager.
Assessment of Degree of Dental Awareness in Schoolchildren Aged 10–15 Years in Bilaspur District, Chhattisgarh
Authors: Agrawal Ruchi , Shrivastava Swatantra , Reche Amit , Wasnik Milind T. , Sangha Kuldip Singh , Patil Santosh R.
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

Oral health may be defined as a standard of health of the oral and related tissues which enables an individual to eat, speak, and socialize without active disease, discomfort, or embarrassment and which contributes to general wellbeing.

Aim:

This study aimed to evaluate the level of oral awareness among schoolchildren aged 10–15 years in Bilaspur district, Chhattisgarh.

Materials and Methods:

In an epidemiological cross-sectional survey, 10–15 years old schoolchildren in Bilaspur were examined to assess the dental awareness. A survey form was prepared with help of a self-administered structured questionnaire written in Hindi. The trained dental surgeon distributed questionnaire among the children. A completely answered questionnaire was collected. The observations were reviewed and analyzed.

Results:

Among the total number of participants (879), 98.1% of them use toothbrush to clean their teeth, 64.7% did not use dental floss, 91.5% of participants clean their tongue, 59.7% of children use mouthwash, and 85.7% rinse their mouth after every meal.

Conclusion:

The result of the present study suggests that the oral hygiene habits, oral health awareness, and knowledge level among schoolchildren are poor and need to be improved.
Utilization Pattern of Dental Care and Dental Caries Prevalence Among Children Aged 12- and 15-Year in Himachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Bhatt Sumeet
Published: October 2021

Background:

Regular dental visits are associated with better oral health outcomes in children. In India, data on the utilization of dental services among children are insufficient.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to find the prevalence of dental services use among 12- and 15-year-old school children and to assess if there is an association between utilization pattern and dental caries prevalence.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among ten randomly selected government senior secondary schools in Paonta Sahib Education Block. A total of 1120 children aged 12- and 15-year were included in the study. The children were examined for the presence of untreated dental caries as per the guidelines of the World Health Organization. The information on dental visiting pattern was obtained from the parents using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data.

Results:

The prevalence of dental service use in this sample was 13%. Most of the visits were because of pain/tooth removal. “No dental problem” was cited as the main reason for never having visited the dentist. Overall dental caries prevalence was 52.5%. The prevalence of dental caries was higher in those who had visited the dentist before (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

A very low dental service use was observed among 12- and 15-year old children in this study. The visits were mainly for pain alleviation rather than prevention of oral health. Lack of perceived need was the major barrier for accessing dental care.
Assessment of women involvement in catfish (Clarias gariepinus) processing and preservation in Ijebu-Odogbolu Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Kayode A.O. , Awoyemi A.O.
Published: October 2021

This study assessed the activities of women in processing and preservation of catfish in Ijebu-Odogbolu Local Government Area of Ogun State. A three-stage random sampling technique was employed to select a total of 120 respondents for the study. The data collected were analysed with both descriptive statistics and correlation model. The mean age of the respondents was 54 years with a mean of nine years of catfish processing and preservation experience. The annual mean income was N107, 587.50. Findings also show that respondents’ levels of involvement in processing and preservation methods such as smoking and salting were high. There was a positive and significant relationship between respondents’ age (r= 0.003; p=0.034), annual income (r= 0.012; p=0.030), household size (r= 0.232; p=0.011) and their level of involvement in catfish preservation at 5% level of significance. The results of correlation analysis also show that a significant relationship exists between respondents’ perceived benefits and their level of involvement in catfish processing and preservation. The study concludes that, although the level of involvement of women in catfish preservation methods was high, low income was realized from the venture when compared with the minimum wage of N18,000 that government workers earn in the study area. It therefore recommends upgrading the methods and facilities used for the preservation and preserving catfish.
Comparative analysis of the profitability of rice production systems in Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Oloyede W.O. , Muhammad-Lawal A. , Amolegbe K.B. , Olaghere I.L. , Joseph I.A.
Published: October 2021

This study describes the socioeconomic characteristics of rice farmers, identifies the production system used by the farmers, compares the profitability of rice production systems, identifies the factors influencing the choice of production systems among the farmers as well as the constraints to rice production systems. A three-stage random sampling procedure was used to select 120 rice farmers on whom a set structured questionnaire was administered. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression model. Results show that 48.3%, 35% and 16.7% of the farmers cultivate rice using the upland, lowland and the combined production systems respectively. The findings also reveal variability in yield, profit and income across the rice production systems. The gross margins for lowland, upland and combined rice production systems were N65,735.73, N67,900.89 and N78,015.57 per hectare respectively. The factors that influenced the choice of upland production system relative to combined production system were age, household size, farming years and extension visits while the factors that influenced the choice for combined rice production system relative to lowland rice production system was income. Inadequate finance to purchase inputs, problem of pests and diseases, and unfavorable climatic conditions are the constraints faced by rice farmers in the upland, lowland and combined production systems. The combined production systems had the highest return per hectare. Therefore, the study recommends that farmers should be encouraged to choose the combined rice production system for optimum profitability of rice production.
Education and the achievement of national development through girl child empowerment in Nigeria
Authors: Onah Peter Ogbaji , Akanimoh Martha Edu , Ndome Linda Esse
Published: October 2021

Education plays a very pertinent role in promoting development, as it is concerned with imparting knowledge, skills, attitudes, belief systems and values. This paper focuses on the utilization of the girl child education as an effective tool to foster national development. It conceptualized education, girl child education, empowerment and National Development. The theory of functionalism was adopted to offer credence to the paper. This paper vividly explicates how various negative attitudes and negligence towards the girl child education in African continent in general and Nigeria to be specific has exacerbated poverty, illiteracy and untold hardship on the citizenry. It further unraveled the strategies for using girl child education as an instrument for national development thereby eradicating poverty in Nigeria. Based on the issues raised in the paper, as education remains a formidable weapon of socio- economic development of any nation, the paper recommends the need for change in the Nigerian policy towards education, especially the girl child education by improving public budget in education, improve education for self-reliance, to enhance educational efficiency by improving on skills learning via entrepreneurship education and building of critical and objective reasoning, and girl child empowerment.
Physicochemical and Heavy Metal Assessment of the Udu River, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Okobiebi O.O. , Okobiebi B.O.
Published: October 2021

The Udu River is a major source of commerce and provides water for agricultural and domestic use to the Udu people, hence we studied the physicochemical parameters (pH, electrical conductivity, TSS, TDS, turbidity, Salinity, DO, COD, BOD, chlorides, sodium, potassium, total hardness, alkalinity, nitrates, ammonium, sulphates) as well as the evaluation of the degree of metal contamination (iron, zinc, cadmium, nickel, copper and lead) present in the samples. The analyses carried out revealed water samples were acidic, pH below 7, temperature ranged from 29.5 oC - 32.7 oC which was above WHO permissible limit 25oC, low levels of Dissolve oxygen DO (DO: max = 6.5 mg/L below WHO limit of 7.5 mg/L) and BOD ranges did not exceed the suggested 4.5mg/L (WHO max. limit). Concerning the heavy metals, the examined results showed lead, nickel, copper and zinc all below the WHO max limit. A significant increase in the concentration of Iron was noticed in Ovwian sampling site, also there was also build of cadmium above WHO limit 0.003mg/L at Igbogidi.
Toxicity of Workplace Aluminum Particles: Insights from Earthworm (Eisenia fetida) Tests in Soil Mixtures
Authors: Agbo S.O. , Tijani K.N. , Ogaugwu C.E. , Ajayi O.A. , Oyewumi J.O. , Raji M.F. , Nebo U.C.
Published: October 2021

Lifestyle changes have led to increasing use of alternative materials in building construction, fabrication of furniture and household appliances. Apart from the associated light weight and aesthetics, Aluminum products endure various pressures that range from climatic factors to pest attacks; hence, they are more durable than wood and other conventional materials. Activities of fabricators are widespread in many Nigerian cities and these result in traces of Aluminum particles derived from cutting, shaping and surface filing. The resulting recalcitrant dust particles can exert adverse consequences on biota. Therefore, this study examined the effects of different levels of Aluminum particles on earthworm in soil mixtures by assessing their behaviour, mobility and mortality in a five-week ecotoxicity test. Worms became sluggish after only two-week exposure and this culminated in loss of mobility and ultimately mortality in exposed organisms. Mortality of worms was highest (80 – 100%) in soil mixtures with the most proportion of Aluminum particles and decreased correspondingly with contaminant levels. However, there was no mortality of worms in soil mixtures without any Aluminum particles. Lethal concentration (LC50) values of 2.564g/kg, 0.995g/kg and 0.851/kg were determined at two, four and five weeks, respectively. The results suggest that worms in the course of foraging in soil, can internalize contaminating Aluminum particles, which may lead to adverse consequences in exposed population. Considering the role of earthworms in breakdown of soil organic matter and nutrient cycling, indiscriminate disposal of Aluminum particles across various landscapes may have consequences on soil fertility, food security and sustainability.
Antibacterial activity of Urena lobata against uropathogens
Authors: Garuba Taofeeq , Katrodiya Nency , Patel Nikita , Patel Swetal , Rajani Dhanji. P. , Chettiar Shiva Shankaran , AbdulRahman A.A. , Krishnamurthy R.
Published: October 2021

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common form of bacterial infections but the treatment becomes cumbersome as the etiological bacteria are developing resistance against antibiotics. This present study evaluated the efficacy of antimicrobial   activity of Urena lobata against uropathogens. Six urine samples from UTI patients were collected from Pathological Laboratory, G.B. Vaghani Multispecialty Hospital, Surat. Bacteria were isolated from these samples using Nutrient agar, Mac Conkey agar plate, Blood agar, Mannitol salt agar, Eosin Methylene Blue agar and King’s agar. The bacterial isolates were identified using cultural  characteristics, microscopic features and biochemical characteristics. Leaf extract of Urena lobata was prepared using Soxhlet Extraction Method whereby methanol and distilled water were the extractants used. Herbal extract disc was prepared at  concentrations of 50,75, and100 mg/ml and tested against all the isolates. DMSO and antibiotics (Nitrofurantion, Amikacin, Levofloxacin, Norofloxacin, Ofloxacin and Cephalosporins) were used as negative and positive controls respectively.Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella spp. and Brevibacillus panacihumi were isolated from the urine samples. All concentrations of aqueous and methanolic extracts of U. lobata leaf displayed highest zone of inhibition against B. cereus. No inhibitory effect was observed against the growth of Klebsiella except at the highest concentrations. Further study is encouraged on the in-vivo study of efficacy of U. lobata on etiological agent of UTI.
Bioassay-guided isolation of cytotoxic constituents of Aframomum melegueta K.Schum. seeds
Authors: Ambali Owoola Azeezat , Oguntimehin Samuel Ayoolu , Ajaiyeoba Edith Oriabure , Ogbole Omonike Oluyemisi , Adeniji Adekunle Johnson
Published: October 2021

The seeds of Aframomum melegueta are used extensively in the Nigerian ethnomedicine for the management of cancer. This study therefore aimed at isolating and characterizing its cytotoxic constituents. Methanol extract of the seed was obtained through cold maceration, and it was further partitioned into n – hexane, dichloromethane and ethylacetate. The most active fraction was purified on repeated chromatographic techniques, using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), column (CC), and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The extract, purified fractions and isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic activities against the human Rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cell lines, using MTT assay. The crude extract and n-hexane fraction were found to be selectively cytotoxic to the cancer cell lines. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the n-hexane fraction led to the isolation of three compounds, which were identified as 6-shogaoal, 6-paradol, and 1-dehydro-6-gingerdione.  6-shogaoal   demonstrated the highest cytotoxicity with CC50 values of 0.11 ± 0.02 and 0.25 ± 0.05ìg/mL against RD and MCF-7 cell lines  respectively, and these were higher in activity when compared with cyclophosphamide (CC50 = 1.98 ± 0.15 and 0.71 ± 0.7ìg/mL). The presented data validates the  ethnomedicinal use of A. melegueta in the treatment of cancer and is also indicative of the potential of 6-shogaol as an anticancer agent.
BIẾN TÍNH PHẾ THẢI NÔNG NGHIỆP – THÂN CÂY CHUỐI ỨNG DỤNG XỬ LÝ NƯỚC NHIỄM DẦU
Authors: HIỀN BẠCH THỊ MỸ
Published: October 2021

Công trình nghiên cứu này trình bày sự biến tính phế thải nông nghiệp – thân cây chuối sau khi thu hoạch buồng làm vật liệu hấp phụ dầu, sử dụng axit stearic và xúc tác H2SO4. Hình thái của vật liệu được đánh giá bằng hiển vi điện tử quét (SEM). Các nhóm chức hữu cơ có trong vật liệu được kiểm tra bằng quang phổ hồng ngoại biến đổi Fourier (FTIR). Tính chất nhiệt của vật liệu được phân tích bằng phương pháp nhiệt trọng lượng (TGA). Diện tích bề mặt của vật liệu được đo bằng phương pháp phương pháp Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET). Kết quả phân tích từ các phương pháp hóa lý hiện đại cho thấy cho thấy vật liệu sau biến tính trở nên xốp hơn rất nhiều, và các lỗ xốp được phân bố đồng đều hơn so với vất liệu thô ban đầu. Khả năng hấp phụ dầu của vật liệu cũng được khảo sát theo sự phụ thuộc vào nhiều yếu tố, bao gồm tỷ lệ phối trộn giữa vật liệu và axit stearic, thời gian biến tính, kích thước vật liệu, nhiệt độ môi trường và nồng độ dầu. Kết quả tối ưu của quá trình hấp phụ diễn ra trong điều kiện hệ giả lập dầu tràn trên biển với nồng độ NaCl trong nước là 3,5%, tỷ lệ dầu nước là 5g dầu/50 mL nước biển, thời gian hấp phụ là 15 phút.