bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abrupt Increase in ENSO Variability at 700 CE Triggered by Solar Activity
Authors: Jiang Leilei , Yu Kefu , Tao Shichen , Li Yueer , Wang Shaopeng
Published: January 2023

The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the dominant interannual variability affecting global weather and climate. However, limited observational records hinder our understanding of the evolution of natural ENSO variability and its driving mechanisms. In this study, ENSO variations from 665 to 749 CE (Common Era) were investigated using monthly sea surface temperature (SST) records of the northern South China Sea derived from coral strontium to calcium ratios of sub‐fossil Porites obtained at the Xisha Islands. The results suggested the existence of cold conditions in this period relative to the twentieth century. No change in SST seasonality for the CE was found that is in agreement with the orbitally controlled insolation seasonality at that time. ENSO variability during 665–749 CE was enhanced by 39% than that during 1980–2014 CE and exhibited fluctuations. A persistent dampened ENSO variability with frequent El Niño events from 665 to 700 CE was followed by a rapid increase in variability to a level double that of the present. The frequency of La Niña events increased during this time. The abrupt transformation of ENSO activity at 700 CE was attributed to the increased natural radiative forcing induced by intense solar irradiance and weak volcanism. This paper demonstrates that ENSO variability can be influenced by external forcings, such as changes in solar and volcanic activity, and not only by the internal dynamics of the climate system.
Human endoderm stem cells reverse inflammation-related acute liver failure through cystatin SN-mediated inhibition of interferon signaling
Authors: Xu Yilin , Wang Jinglin , Ren Haozhen , Dai Hao , Zhou Ying , Ren Xiongzhao , Wang Yang , Feng Sisi , Deng Xiaogang , Wu Jiaying , Fu Tianlong , Nie Tengfei , He Haifeng , Wei Tongkun , Zhu Bing , Hui Lijian , Li Bin , Wang Jing , Wang Hongyan , Chen Luonan , Shi Xiaolei , Cheng Xin
Published: January 2023

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease that occurs secondary to drug toxicity, infection or a devastating immune response. Orthotopic liver transplantation is an effective treatment but limited by the shortage of donor organs, the requirement for life-long immune suppression and surgical challenges. Stem cell transplantation is a promising alternative therapy for fulminant liver failure owing to the immunomodulatory abilities of stem cells. Here, we report that when transplanted into the liver, human endoderm stem cells (hEnSCs) that are germ layer-specific and nontumorigenic cells derived from pluripotent stem cells are able to effectively ameliorate hepatic injury in multiple rodent and swine drug-induced ALF models. We demonstrate that hEnSCs tune the local immune microenvironment by skewing macrophages/Kupffer cells towards an anti-inflammatory state and by reducing the infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and inflammatory T helper cells. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses of infiltrating and resident monocytes/macrophages isolated from animal livers revealed dramatic changes, including changes in gene expression that correlated with the change of activation states, and dynamic population heterogeneity among these cells after hEnSC transplantation. We further demonstrate that hEnSCs modulate the activation state of macrophages/Kupffer cells via cystatin SN (CST1)-mediated inhibition of interferon signaling and therefore highlight CST1 as a candidate therapeutic agent for diseases that involve over-activation of interferons. We propose that hEnSC transplantation represents a novel and powerful cell therapeutic treatment for ALF.
“I am not a number!” Opinions and preferences of people with intellectual disability about genetic healthcare
Authors: Strnadová Iva , Loblinzk Julie , Scully Jackie Leach , Danker Joanne , Tso Michelle , Jackaman Karen-Maia , Dunn Manjekah , Willow Sierra Angelina , Sarfaraz Skie , Fitzgerald Vanessa , Boyle Jackie , Palmer Elizabeth Emma
Published: January 2023

There is limited research exploring the knowledge and experiences of genetic healthcare from the perspective of people with intellectual disability. This study, conducted in New South Wales (Australia), addresses this gap. Eighteen adults with intellectual disability and eight support people were interviewed in this inclusive research study. The transcribed interviews were analysed using inductive content analysis. The findings were discussed in a focus group with ten adults with intellectual disability and in three multi-stakeholder advisory workshops, contributing to the validity and trustworthiness of the findings. Five main themes emerged: (i) access to genetic healthcare services is inequitable, with several barriers to the informed consent process; (ii) the experiences and opinions of people with intellectual disability are variable, including frustration, exclusion and fear; (iii) genetic counselling and diagnoses can be profoundly impactful, but translating a genetic diagnosis into tailored healthcare, appropriate support, peer connections and reproductive planning faces barriers; (iv) people with intellectual disability have a high incidence of exposure to trauma and some reported that their genetic healthcare experiences were associated with further trauma; (v) recommendations for a more respectful and inclusive model of genetic healthcare. Co-designed point-of-care educational and consent resources, accompanied by tailored professional education for healthcare providers, are required to improve the equity and appropriateness of genetic healthcare for people with intellectual disability.
High-throughput screening of hypothetical metal-organic frameworks for thermal conductivity
Authors: Islamov Meiirbek , Babaei Hasan , Anderson Ryther , Sezginel Kutay B. , Long Jeffrey R. , McGaughey Alan J. H. , Gomez-Gualdron Diego A. , Wilmer Christopher E.
Published: January 2023

Thermal energy management in metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) is an important, yet often neglected, challenge for many adsorption-based applications such as gas storage and separations. Despite its importance, there is insufficient understanding of the structure-property relationships governing thermal transport in MOFs. To provide a data-driven perspective into these relationships, here we perform large-scale computational screening of thermal conductivity k in MOFs, leveraging classical molecular dynamics simulations and 10,194 hypothetical MOFs created using the ToBaCCo 3.0 code. We found that high thermal conductivity in MOFs is favored by high densities (> 1.0 g cm−3), small pores (< 10 Å), and four-connected metal nodes. We also found that 36 MOFs exhibit ultra-low thermal conductivity (< 0.02 W m−1 K−1), which is primarily due to having extremely large pores (~65 Å). Furthermore, we discovered six hypothetical MOFs with very high thermal conductivity (> 10 W m−1 K−1), the structures of which we describe in additional detail.
Natural and enriched Cr target development for production of Manganese-52
Authors: Pyles Jennifer M. , Omweri James M. , Lapi Suzanne E.
Published: January 2023

52Mn is a promising PET radiometal with a half-life of 5.6 days and an average positron energy of 242 keV. Typically, chromium of natural isotope abundance is used as a target material to produce this isotope through the nat/52Cr(p,n)52Mn reaction. While natural Cr is a suitable target material, higher purity 52Mn could be produced by transitioning to enriched 52Cr targets to prevent the co-production of long-lived 54Mn (t1/2 = 312 day). Unfortunately, 52Cr targets are not cost-effective without recycling processes in place, therefore, this work aims to explore routes to prepare Cr targets that could be recycled. Natural Cr foils, metal powder pellets, enriched chromium-52 oxide and Cr(III) electroplated targets were investigated in this work. Each of these cyclotron targets were irradiated, and the produced 52Mn was purified, when possible, using a semi-automated system. An improved purification by solid-phase anion exchange from ethanol-HCl mixtures resulted in recoveries of 94.5 ± 2.2% of 52Mn. The most promising target configuration to produce a recyclable target was electroplated Cr(III). This work presents several pathways to optimize enriched Cr targets for the production of high purity 52Mn.
Post-vaccination serum cytokines levels correlate with breakthrough influenza infections
Authors: Tang Weichun , Xie Hang , Ye Zhiping , Eick-Cost Angelia A. , Scheckelhoff Mark , Gustin Courtney E. , Bream Jay H. , Plant Ewan P.
Published: January 2023

Post-vaccination cytokine levels from 256 young adults who subsequently suffered breakthrough influenza infections were compared with matched controls. Modulation within the immune system is important for eliciting a protective response, and the optimal response differs according to vaccine formulation and delivery. For both inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIV) lower levels of IL-8 were observed in post-vaccination sera. Post-vaccination antibody levels were higher and IFN-γ levels were lower in IIV sera compared to LAIV sera. Subjects who suffered breakthrough infections after IIV vaccination had higher levels of sCD25 compared to the control group. There were differences in LAIV post-vaccination interleukin levels for subjects who subsequently suffered breakthrough infections, but these differences were masked in subjects who received concomitant vaccines. Wide variances, sex-based differences and confounders such as concomitant vaccines thwart the establishment of specific cytokine responses as a correlate of protection, but our results provide real world evidence that the status of the immune system following vaccination is important for successful vaccination and subsequent protection against disease.
Protecting-group-directed stereodivergent Tsuji–Trost cyclization: total synthesis of oxylipids and (+)-petromyroxol
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Gorve Dnyaneshwar A. , Jha Amit K.
Published: January 2023

A stereodivergent protecting-group-directed Tsuji–Trost cyclization with efficient access to both 2,5-cis- and 2,5-trans-disubstituted-THF scaffolds has been realized with extension to the total synthesis of oxylipids and (+)-petromyroxol.
Can a heavy trinitromethyl group always result in a higher density?
Authors: Ding Ning , Sun Qi , Xu Xudong , Li Yaqiong , Zhao Chaofeng , Li Shenghua , Pang Siping
Published: January 2023

The first case of a decrease in density with the introduction of a trinitromethyl group.
Five new multifunctional inorganic–organic hybrids based on Keggin-type polyoxometalates and a 3,5-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid ligand
Authors: Yu Xiao-Yang , Lv Yanxin , Weng Xiaoyu , Geng Jiaqi , Yang Yanyan , Jin Hua , Cui Hao , Fu Bo , Qu Xiaoshu , Shi Hongfei , Cao Xueling
Published: January 2023

The tripodal ligand 3,5-di(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzoic acid was used to synthesize five new inorganic–organic hybrid materials based on Keggin-type POMs, which is of great significance in the field of environmental monitoring.
Effect of positional isomerism on the excited state charge transfer dynamics of anthracene-based D–π–A systems
Authors: Pratihar Swatilekha , Prasad Edamana
Published: January 2023

Understanding the effect of positional isomerism on the charge recombination dynamics of donor–acceptor system is crucial for developing efficient light energy harvesting devices.
A method to capture the large relativistic and solvent effects on the UV-vis spectra of photo-activated metal complexes
Authors: Creutzberg Joel , Hedegård Erik Donovan
Published: January 2023

We investigate the influence of a water solvent on the electronic spectra of a platinum complex (employed in anti-cancer therapy) with structures from molecular dynamics. We find that both solvent and relativistic effects are essential.
A carbon allotrope with twisted Dirac cones induced by grain boundaries composed of pentagons and octagons
Authors: Kong Weixiang , Xiao Xiaoliang , Zhan Fangyang , Wang Rui , Gan Li-Yong , Wei Juan , Fan Jing , Wu Xiaozhi
Published: January 2023

A class of monolayer carbon allotropes are proposed. These structures exhibit attractive transport properties such as Van Hove singularity and quasi-one-dimensional metallic wires.
Investigation of the anchoring and electrocatalytic properties of pristine and doped borophosphene for Na–S batteries
Authors: Kong Fan , Chen Lei , Yang Minrui , Guo Jiyuan , Wan Jia , Shu Huabing , Dai Jun
Published: January 2023

Pristine and doped borophosphene exhibit excellent adsorption performance, good electronic conductivity, and superior catalytic performance, and could be promising anchoring materials for Na–S batteries.
Electronic structures and photovoltaic applications of vdW heterostructures based on Janus group-IV monochalcogenides: insights from first-principles calculations
Authors: Cheng Kai , Hu Wenbo , Guo Xu , Wu Lifan , Guo Sandong , Su Yan
Published: January 2023

Tuning the band alignment of vdW heterostructures by modifying the surface termination of Janus structures for efficient photovoltaic activity.
Increasing the operating lifetime of green phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes by reducing charge accumulation at the interface
Authors: Wu Yibing , Luo Jianhui , Lin Chengwei , Zhu Tengfei , Qiao Xianfeng , Yang Dezhi , Dai Yanfeng , Sun Qian , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge
Published: January 2023

Increasing the operating lifetime of green phosphorescent OLEDs by inserting a thin layer of TCTA to reduce charge accumulation at the interface is reported.
Low-concentration CO2 capture using metal–organic frameworks – current status and future perspectives
Authors: Åhlén Michelle , Cheung Ocean , Xu Chao
Published: January 2023

Metal–organic frameworks with tailored pore sizes, structures and surface chemistry are promising sorbents for CO2 capture from low concentration CO2 sources.
Recent progress of transition metal-based catalysts as cathodes in O2/H2O-involved and pure Li–CO2batteries
Authors: Chen Jian , Chen Xiao-Yang , Liu Yang , Qiao Yun , Guan Shi-You , Li Li , Chou Shu-Lei
Published: January 2023

The composition, structure, reaction mechanism of transition metal-based catalysts and their effects on the electrochemical performance of Li-CO2cells were summarized, and some perspectives for the development of Li-CO2cells were put forward.
Mn-catalyzed electrooxidative radical phosphorylation of 2-isocyanobiaryls
Authors: Fu Kaifang , Jiang Juncai , Zhao Qiang , Wang Nan , Kong Weiguang , Yu Yongqi , Xie Huanping , Li Ting
Published: January 2023

In this work, an efficient tandem phosphorylation/cyclization process to synthesize 6-phosphorylated phenanthridines from 2-isocyanobiaryls and diarylphosphine oxides under undivided electrolytic conditions was developed.
Ce-doped MoS2−xnanoflower arrays for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Luo Yaojing , Chen Kai , Wang Guohui , Zhang Guike , Zhang Nana , Chu Ke
Published: January 2023

Ce-doped and MoS2−x nanoflower arrays exhibit a high activity for electrocatalytic nitrate-to-ammonia conversion (NO3RR), attributed to the synergy of S-vacancy and Ce-dopant to enhance the NO3− activation and reduce the reaction energy barriers.
LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4@C cathode prepared via a novel hydrated MnHPO4 intermediate for high performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Zeng Taotao , Liu Dai-Huo , Fan Changling , Fan Runzheng , Zhang Fuquan , Liu Jinshui , Yang Tingzhou , Chen Zhongwei
Published: January 2023

A highly stable intermediate hydrated MnHPO4 is used to synthesize a well-crystallized LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4@C cathode, which exhibits a high electrical conductivity of 6.823 × 10−2 S cm−1 and excellent cycling stability with a capacity retention of 98.62%.
Atomic cation-vacancy engineering of two-dimensional nanosheets for energy-related applications
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Yifan , Ma Renzhi , Sasaki Takayoshi , Wang Xin , Xiong Pan , Zhu Junwu
Published: January 2023

This review focuses on the synthetic strategies and characterization methods of atomic cation vacancies in 2D nanosheets and their energy-related applications.
Students’ interactive engagement, academic achievement and self concept in chemistry: an evaluation of cooperative learning pedagogy
Authors: David Agwu Udu , Nmadu John
Published: January 2023

This study evaluated the effectiveness of interactive engagement pedagogy, specifically, cooperative learning pedagogy in improving students’ academic achievement and academic self-concept in chemistry. A pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent, control group quasi-experimental design was adopted. The study was in senior secondary schools in one of Nigeria's North-central states. The focus was on senior secondary school class two (SS2) students of comparable academic abilities and a mean age of 15.42 years. The sample was 244 students. The chemistry achievement test on water (CATOW) and students’ academic self-concept questionnaire (SASQ) were the instruments used in data collection. The CATOW was validated by experts while the SASQ was an adapted instrument that was already validated. The reliability coefficients were 0.82 determined with Kuder–Richardson's formula 20 for the CATOW and 0.78 determined with Cronbach's alpha for the SASQ. Mixed methods of data analyses were employed in the study, involving mean, standard deviation, analysis of variance, independent sample t-test, analysis of covariance, and Pearson's correlation statistics. The results show that interactive engagement pedagogy (cooperative learning strategy) improved the academic achievement and academic self-concept of the students in chemistry more than the conventional (lecture) method. The study also found a positive linear relationship between academic achievement and the academic self-concept of the students in chemistry. The implication was for the chemistry teachers in developing nations to structure the learning environments to be more learner-centered, and activity-based by creating cooperative and collaborative learning platforms that will help in improving students’ academic achievement and self-concept. The study recommended that chemistry teachers desist from using teacher-centered pedagogies for lack of provisions for students’ active engagement in the teaching–learning process. This study is novel because it evaluated the effectiveness of interactive engagement pedagogy (cooperative learning) in improving students’ academic achievement and self-concept in chemistry in a developing nation and also identified some of the reasons for the lack of implementation of innovative pedagogies and possible remediation in developing nations, especially in Africa.
Construction of a sol–gel derived ternary CuZn/FeOx nanostructure for catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural
Authors: Wang Tao , Cheng Yuan , Niu Hongyu , Li Shaojie , Luo Jingjie , Liang Changhai
Published: January 2023

Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural to 2-methylfuran in the presence of isopropanol was systematically investigated over a series of sol–gel derived CuZn/FeOx catalysts.
Retracted: Data exploration of college students' humanistic literacy in the internet age under the big data environment
Authors: Tang Taixiang , Zhang Huihua
Published: January 2023

Retraction: [Taixiang Tang, Huihua Zhang, Data exploration of college students' humanistic literacy in the internet age under the big data environment, IET Software 2023 (https://doi.org/10.1049/sfw2.12087)].

The above article from IET Software, published online on 20 January 2023 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has been retracted by agreement between the Editor‐in‐Chief, Hana Chockler, the Institution of Engineering and Technology (the IET) and John Wiley and Sons Ltd. This article was published as part of a Guest Edited special issue. Following an investigation, the IET and the journal have determined that the article was not reviewed in line with the journal’s peer review standards and there is evidence that the peer review process of the special issue underwent systematic manipulation. Accordingly, we cannot vouch for the integrity or reliability of the content. As such we have taken the decision to retract the article. The authors have been informed of the decision to retract.
Planet search with the Keck/NIRC2 vortex coronagraph in the Ms band for Vega
Authors: Ren Bin B. , Wallack Nicole L. , Hurt Spencer A. , Mawet Dimitri , Carter Aarynn L. , Echeverri Daniel , Llop-Sayson Jorge , Meshkat Tiffany , Oppenheimer Rebecca , Aguilar Jonathan , Cady Eric , Choquet Élodie , Ruane Garreth , Vasisht Gautam , Ygouf Marie
Published: January 2023

Context. Gaps in circumstellar disks can signal the existence of planetary perturbers, making such systems preferred targets for direct imaging observations of exoplanets.

Aims. Being one of the brightest and closest stars to the Sun, the photometric standard star Vega hosts a two-belt debris disk structure. Together with the fact that its planetary system is being viewed nearly face-on, Vega has been one of the prime targets for planet imaging efforts.

Methods. Using the vector vortex coronagraph on Keck/NIRC2 in the Ms band at 4.67 μm, we report the planet detection limits from 1 au to 22 au for Vega with an on-target time of 1.8 h.

Results. We reach a 3 MJupiter limit outward of 12 au, which is nearly an order of magnitude deeper than for other existing studies. Combining our observations with existing radial velocity studies, we can confidently rule out the existence of companions more than ~8 MJupiter from 22 au down to 0.1 au for Vega. Interior and exterior to ~4 au, this combined approach reaches planet detection limits down to ~2–3 MJupiter using radial velocity and direct imaging, respectively.

Conclusions. By reaching multi-Jupiter mass detection limits, our results are expected to be complemented by the planet imaging of Vega in the upcoming observations using the James Webb Space Telescope to obtain a more holistic understanding of the planetary system configuration around Vega.
SHARE: Stakeholder based analysis of research for decommissioning
Authors: Winkler Robert , Aldave de las Heras Laura , Pancotti Federica , Banford Anthony W. , Van den Dungen Kurt , Szőke Réka , Poškas Gintautas , Bohnstedt Angelika , Chaudhry Muhammad Junaid Ejaz
Published: January 2023

The H2020 EU-funded SHARE project (Stakeholders- based Analysis of REsearch for Decommissioning) is a forerunner to the establishment of a framework for collaboration on research activities related to the decommissioning of nuclear facilities. SHARE aimed to provide an inclusive roadmap for decommissioning research, in both technical and non-technical areas, in the EU and abroad, to enable stakeholders to improve jointly safety, reduce costs and minimise environmental impact. SHARE has been built on a consultation process considering the needs and perspectives of different stakeholders all across the decommissioning value chain. The project also considered existing and emerging innovative technologies solutions as well as the international best practices in the field of decommissioning. After a three-year process, the project provides a Strategic Research Agenda and a Roadmap built on the participation of the international Stakeholder community in a multi-step process including a questionnaire survey, a state-of-the-art review, a gap analysis and multiple workshops. As the final output, the SHARE roadmap effectively set the framework for organizing the priorities identified in the SHARE SRA.
Le recyclage du verre au temps des Romains, des Francs et des Byzantins
Authors: Pactat Inès
Published: January 2023

Le recyclage du verre ne date pas de 1974, année où la première collecte en France de verres d’emballage est organisée en Haute-Marne. Si cette initiative est désormais intégrée à notre quotidien, elle n’est néanmoins qu’un jalon récent de l’histoire de cette pratique.

À partir de plusieurs exemples de cargaisons antiques et byzantines chargées de verre brisé, de récits de vols de fenêtres et de vestiges archéologiques d’ateliers, nous proposons d’en retracer le cours, de l’Antiquité romaine au Moyen Âge.

La physique et la chimie permettent désormais de reconnaître ces activités de recyclage à partir d’analyses de la composition élémentaire du verre, nous faisant cheminer à la croisée des sciences humaines et des sciences dures.
Les verres, quel désordre ?
Authors: Cormier Laurent , Neuville Daniel R.
Published: January 2023

L’absence d’ordre à longue distance, par opposition à l’état cristallin, et le phénomène de la transition vitreuse sont les principaux critères qui distinguent le verre des autres états de la matière.

Dans cet article, nous revenons sur les notions d’ordre et de désordre, de périodicité, et sur les différentes échelles d’organisation, en comparant les structures les plus ordonnées (les cristaux) avec celles des matériaux amorphes. Nous faisons un état des lieux sur la compréhension actuelle de la structure des verres, en montrant les avancées récentes issues de techniques expérimentales, révélant que cette structure est plus complexe que la vision traditionnelle d’un matériau désordonné homogène.
Opportunity beliefs in internationalization: A microhistorical approach
Authors: Leppäaho Tanja , Mainela Tuija , Paavilainen-Mäntymäki Eriikka
Published: January 2023

We propose the concept of opportunity belief as a means of understanding individuals as the interpreters of their contexts over the internationalization process of a firm. To illustrate the concept, we conducted a microhistorical analysis on one of the largest forest industry MNEs with an internationalization history of more than 150 years. Historical archival data and rich secondary material provided access to the reasonings of individuals over the firm’s internationalization. This allowed depiction of different types of opportunity beliefs as the drivers of internationalization actions within particular historical contexts. We portray opportunity belief as a complementary lens to current internationalization models focusing primarily on firm-level development.
Using a diamond’s center to measure magnetic fields
Authors: Green Leigh Ann
Published: January 2023

The nitrogen-vacancy areas found in diamonds provide fast, accurate, real-time magnetic vector measurements
Nonlinear interactions of ion acoustic waves explored using fast imaging decompositions
Authors: Vincent Simon , Dolique Vincent , Plihon Nicolas
Published: January 2023

Fast camera imaging is used to study ion acoustic waves propagating azimuthally in a magnetized plasma column. The high-speed image sequences are analyzed using proper orthogonal decomposition and 2D Fourier transform, allowing to evaluate the assets and differences of both decomposition techniques. The spatiotemporal features of the waves are extracted from the high-speed images, which highlight energy exchanges between modes. Growth rates of the modes are extracted from the reconstructed temporal evolution of the modes, revealing the influence of ion-neutral collisions as pressure increases. Finally, the nonlinear interactions between modes are extracted using bicoherence computations, and they show the importance of interactions between modes with azimuthal wave numbers m, m −1, and −1, with m as an integer.
Initial stages of gravity-driven flow of two fluids of equal depth
Authors: Korobkin Alexander , Yilmaz Oguz
Published: January 2023

Short-time behavior of gravity-driven free surface flow of two fluids of equal depth and different densities is studied. Initially, the fluids are at rest and separated with a vertical rigid plate of negligible thickness. Then, the plate disappears suddenly and a gravity-driven flow of the fluids starts. The flow in an early stage is described by the potential theory. The initial flow in the leading order is described by a linear problem, which is solved by the Fourier series method. The motions of the interface between the fluids and their free surfaces are investigated. The singular behaviors of the velocity field at the bottom point, where the interface meets the rigid bottom, and the top point, where the interface meets both free surfaces, are analyzed in detail. The flow velocity is shown to be log-singular at the bottom point. The leading-order inner asymptotic solution is constructed in a small vicinity of this point. It is shown that the flow close to the bottom point is self-similar. The motion of the interface is independent of any parameters, including the density ratio, of the problem in specially stretched variables. In the limiting case of negligible density of one of the fluids, the results of the classical dam break problem are recovered. The Lagrangian representation is employed to capture the behavior of the interface and the free surfaces at the top, where the fluid interface meets the free surfaces. The shapes of the free surfaces and the interface in the leading order computed by using the Lagrangian variables show a jump discontinuity of the free surface near the top point where the free surfaces and the interface meet. Inner region formulation is derived near the top point.
Characteristics of the shedding vortex around the Coanda surface and its impact on circulation control airfoil performance
Authors: Sun Quanbing , Shi Zhiwei , Sun Zhikun , Chen Sinuo , Chen Yongliang
Published: January 2023

This study investigates the characteristics of a shedding vortex around the Coanda surface and its impact on circulation control (CC) performance. Delay detach-eddy simulation based on the two-equation k−ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model is performed to solve the flow field. The simulation results show that near the Coanda trailing edge, large vortices periodically shed from the lip above the jet slot, and the shedding vortex is surrounded by a series of strip vortices during its downstream movement. The shedding vortex transfers the disturbance to the jet boundary layer and affects the near-wall velocity. Dynamic mode decomposition shows that the shedding vortex and its high-order harmonic flow structures attenuate very slowly and dominate the flow field. The mode with sub-harmonic frequency of the shedding vortex displays the strip vortices dragged out by the shedding vortex. A larger shedding vortex can intensify the mixing of the jet shear and boundary layers, making the jet velocity decay faster. The size of the shedding vortex can be reduced by decreasing the lip height, thus slowing down the attenuation of the jet velocity and improving the CC performance.
Influence of a rural interprofessional education placement on the rural health workforce: working in primary care, rural settings, and with Māori
Authors: Darlow Ben , Brown Melanie , McKinlay Eileen , Gray Lesley , Purdie Gordon , Pullon Sue
Published: January 2023

Introduction Pre-registration interprofessional rural immersion programmes provide students with first-hand insight into challenges faced in rural clinical practice and can influence future practice intentions. The impact of short rural and hauora Māori interdisciplinary placements on early healthcare careers is unknown. Aim Explore whether a 5-week rural interprofessional education programme influenced graduates’ choices to work in primary care, rurally, and with Māori patients. Methods We conducted a survey-based, non-randomised trial of graduates from eight healthcare disciplines who did (n = 132) and did not (n = 479) attend the Tairāwhiti interprofessional education rural programme with hauora Māori placements. Participants were surveyed at 1-, 2-, and 3-years’ post-registration. Self-reported practice location and vocation were analysed with mixed-model logistic regression. Free-text comments were analysed with Template Analysis. Results We did not identify any measurable impact on rural or community workforce participation at 3-years’ post-registration. Free-text analysis indicated that a short rural interprofessional immersion placement had long-term self-perceived impacts on desire and skills to work in rural locations, and on desire and ability to work with Māori and embrace Māori models of health. Discussion Our study suggests that short rural immersion placements do not increase rural workforce participation during early healthcare careers. Three-years’ post-graduation may be too early to determine whether rural placements help to address rural health workforce needs. Reports from rural placement participants of increased ability to care for people from rural backgrounds, even when encountered in a city, suggest that assessment of practice location may not adequately capture the benefits of rural placement programmes.
Experience of telehealth for receipt of primary health care: an online survey of young people in a geographic region of Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Rose Sally B. , Garrett Susan M. , McKinlay Eileen
Published: January 2023

Background Telehealth became more widely used when the global COVID-19 pandemic restricted access to in-person consultations for primary care during periods of ‘lockdown’. Methods In 2021 (August–September), 15-to 25-year-olds in the Wellington region of Aotearoa New Zealand were invited to participate in an online survey that aimed to find out about telehealth experiences, perceived advantages and disadvantages, and willingness to use it for receipt of primary care. Results Surveys were completed by 346 participants, 133 of whom had ever used telehealth (38%). Overall, 73% (84/115) were happy with health care received via telehealth, but only 26% preferred it to in-person consultations. Perceived benefits related to convenience and time efficiency, but participants had concerns about the inability to be physically examined, technological issues, clarity around follow-up actions, payment and lack of privacy. All participants had access to a phone or device, yet almost half reported challenges with connectivity, coverage or data that might limit their ability to access telehealth (47.3%, 159/336). Half of participants wanted to use telehealth in future (preferring phone over video (160/315)). Conclusions Young people surveyed acknowledged the convenience of telehealth, but many were hesitant about receiving primary care in this way. Understanding young people’s reservations and provision of detailed information about what telehealth entails will help prepare and support them to use telehealth in future.
Antibiotics that affect translation can antagonize phage infectivity by interfering with the deployment of counter-defenses
Authors: Pons Benoit J. , Dimitriu Tatiana , Westra Edze R. , van Houte Stineke
Published: January 2023

It is becoming increasingly clear that antibiotics can both positively and negatively impact the infectivity of bacteriophages (phage), but the underlying mechanisms often remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that antibiotics that target the protein translation machinery can fundamentally alter the outcome of bacteria–phage interactions by interfering with the production of phage-encoded counter-defense proteins. Specifically, using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 and phage DMS3vir as a model, we show that bacteria with Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeat, CRISPR associated (CRISPR-Cas) immune systems have elevated levels of immunity against phage that encode anti-CRISPR (acr) genes when translation inhibitors are present in the environment. CRISPR-Cas are highly prevalent defense systems that enable bacteria to detect and destroy phage genomes in a sequence-specific manner. In response, many phages encode
acr
genes that are expressed immediately following the infection to inhibit key steps of the CRISPR-Cas immune response. Our data show that while phage-carrying
acr
genes can amplify efficiently on bacteria with CRISPR-Cas immune systems in the absence of antibiotics, the presence of antibiotics that act on protein translation prevents phage amplification, while protecting bacteria from lysis.
Inhibition of
HSD17B13
protects against liver fibrosis by inhibition of pyrimidine catabolism in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
Authors: Luukkonen Panu K. , Sakuma Ikki , Gaspar Rafael C. , Mooring Meghan , Nasiri Ali , Kahn Mario , Zhang Xian-Man , Zhang Dongyan , Sammalkorpi Henna , Penttilä Anne K. , Orho-Melander Marju , Arola Johanna , Juuti Anne , Zhang Xuchen , Yimlamai Dean , Yki-Järvinen Hannele , Petersen Kitt Falk , Shulman Gerald I.
Published: January 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, in which prognosis is determined by liver fibrosis. A common variant in hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 13 (
HSD17B13
, rs72613567-A) is associated with a reduced risk of fibrosis in NAFLD, but the underlying mechanism(s) remains unclear. We investigated the effects of this variant in the human liver and in
Hsd17b13
knockdown in mice by using a state-of-the-art metabolomics approach. We demonstrate that protection against liver fibrosis conferred by the
HSD17B13
rs72613567-A variant in humans and by the
Hsd17b13
knockdown in mice is associated with decreased pyrimidine catabolism at the level of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase. Furthermore, we show that hepatic pyrimidines are depleted in two distinct mouse models of NAFLD and that inhibition of pyrimidine catabolism by gimeracil phenocopies the
HSD17B13
-induced protection against liver fibrosis. Our data suggest pyrimidine catabolism as a therapeutic target against the development of liver fibrosis in NAFLD.
Maresin-2 promotes mucosal repair and has therapeutic potential when encapsulated in thermostable nanoparticles
Authors: Miranda Jael , Brazil Jennifer C. , Morris Aaron H. , Parkos Charles A. , Quiros Miguel , Nusrat Asma
Published: January 2023

Resolution of inflammation and mucosal wound healing are crucial processes required to re-establish homeostasis following injury of mucosal tissues. Maresin-2 (MaR2), a lipid specialized pro-resolving mediator derived from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, has been reported to promote resolution of inflammation. However, a potential role for MaR2 in regulating mucosal repair remains undefined. Using lipidomic analyses, we demonstrate biosynthesis of MaR2 in healing intestinal mucosal wounds in vivo. Importantly, administration of exogenous MaR2 promoted mucosal repair following dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis or biopsy-induced colonic mucosal injury. Functional analyses revealed that MaR2 promotes mucosal wound repair by driving intestinal epithelial migration through activation of focal cell-matrix adhesion signaling in primary human intestinal epithelial cells. Because of its labile nature, MaR2 is easily degradable and requires ultracold storage to maintain functionality. Thus, we created thermostable polylactic acid MaR2 nanoparticles that retain biological activity following extended storage at 4 °C or above. Taken together, these results establish MaR2 as a potent pro-repair lipid mediator with broad therapeutic potential for use in promoting mucosal repair in inflammatory diseases.
Dialogic interaction between player and non-player characters in animal crossing
Authors: Lazzeretti Cecilia , Gatti Maria Cristina
Published: January 2023

Dialogic interaction is a distinctive feature of Animal Crossing, a social simulation video game developed by
Nintendo, yet, little attention has been paid to it from a discourse analytical perspective. This paper aims to explore how AC
characters are characterised through language and which discourse strategies are applied to engage players. The analysis, based on
a corpus of dialogues transcribed by fans of the game, relies on corpus-linguistics methodologies and can be framed within the
context of ludolinguistics. The study shows that emotive language is used to create an active interaction between player and non-player characters (NPCs).
Even though NPCs are minimally characterized in terms of gender, age, or social status, the collocational analysis of “I” and
“you” highlights two opposite personalities interacting in the dialogues: type A, lexically represented as extroverted, dynamic,
and active, and type B, represented as kind, hesitant, and passive.
Potential emerging constraints and management strategies of different honeybee species in Pakistan: A review
Authors: Usman Muhammad , Hasnain Muhammad , Banaras Saira , Akram Muhammad , Abbas Qaisar , Shah Jawad Ali , Tabasum Saba , Shah Sajid Ali , Raza Ali , Khan Muhammad Nadeem , Jamil Muhammad
Published: January 2023

The honey bee (
Hymenoptera Apidae
) is a valuable insect that can be found all around the globe, except in polar regions. Apis mellifera contributes over dollar 200 billion to the world’s economy annually. In Pakistan, pollination-dependent crops have a productivity worth of 1590 million US$, with 61 main crops relying on the pollination of honey bees. Loss of honeybees to a certain level may lead to starvation. In a developing country like Pakistan, it is an issue with food security. Many biotic and abiotic factors are challenging in brooding and rearing honeybees in the country. Excessive use of pesticides, lack of skilled personnel and deforestation is leading to a decline in the population of honeybees. While the need for honeybee products is tremendously increasing with every passing day. The country’s unique vegetative diversity has a significant ecological and economic impact on local wildlife conservation. If properly developed, it offers enormous potential for a long-term beekeeping enterprise. Beekeeping is primarily practiced in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and the central and northern areas of the Punjab provinces of Pakistan. Pakistani honey is well-known throughout the Middle East for its distinct flavor and high quality. Every year, Pakistan sells roughly 4000 tons of honey to Arab countries, costing about $ 23 million. This review study briefly describes different honeybee species’ potential constraints and management in Pakistan and will be helpful in developing a sense of awareness that conserving honeybees is a matter of food security.
Silica aerogels: from materials research to industrial applications
Authors: Li Chengdong , Zhang Guihua , Lin Liangliang , Wu Tingting , Brunner Samuel , Galmarini Sandra , Bi Jianting , Malfait Wim J. , Zhao Shanyu , Ostrikov Kostya (Ken)
Published: January 2023

Silica aerogels are advanced materials with outstanding properties, including high specific surface area and porosity, low thermal conductivity, density, dielectric constant, and refractive index. However, the excellent properties of silica aerogels have shown limited utility in industrial applications, primarily as thermal insulation materials, where they hold only a small (1.1–2.6%) market share. The emergence of clean energy technologies stimulated renewed interest in silica and other aerogels. Here the recent advances in the production and applications of silica aerogels are summarized, and the current challenges and future development opportunities are discussed. The conventional and emerging syntheses and characterization methods of silica aerogels are introduced, followed by a discussion on thermophysical properties and potential applications. The fabrication processes of silica aerogels are analysed at different industry development stages. Recent advances in aerogels research are considered, highlighting the obstacles and possible solutions for the successful translation and industry uptake and focusing on the emerging applications in electric vehicles and building insulation.
The mechanism of the welding between silica glass and 304 stainless steel using nanosecond fibre laser
Authors: Huo Jingyu , Zhang Boyuan , Li Chuangkai , Luo Minghuo , Chen Taoyu , Guo Liang , Luo Aiping , Zhao Nan , Li Jiaming , Zhang Qingmao
Published: January 2023

Devices consisting of glass and metal are widely applied to many fields. With the miniaturisation and the expansion of application fields of these devices, the requirement of micro-joining between glass and metal is becoming higher. In this work, silica glass and 304 stainless steel were welded by the infrared nanosecond fibre laser. The welding quality was optimised by varying the laser parameters. The joint strength reached 16.39 MPa. The mechanism of the welding between the two materials was investigated. The results demonstrated the elemental diffusion in the interface between silica glass and 304 stainless steel under laser heating, where Fe, Cr and Si were the crucial factors in forming the welds. During the elemental diffusion, Cr was much easier to diffuse into glass than Fe. In the interface, Fe-O-Si bonds were observed. Moreover, increasing Cr content in the interface is a probable approach to improve the joint strength.
B cell–intrinsic requirement for WNK1 kinase in antibody responses in mice
Authors: Hayward Darryl A. , Vanes Lesley , Wissmann Stefanie , Sivapatham Sujana , Hartweger Harald , Biggs O’May Joshua , de Boer Leonard L. , Mitter Richard , Köchl Robert , Stein Jens V. , Tybulewicz Victor L.J.
Published: January 2023

Migration and adhesion play critical roles in B cells, regulating recirculation between lymphoid organs, migration within lymphoid tissue, and interaction with CD4+ T cells. However, there is limited knowledge of how B cells integrate chemokine receptor and integrin signaling with B cell activation to generate efficient humoral responses. Here, we show that the WNK1 kinase, a regulator of migration and adhesion, is essential in B cells for T-dependent and -independent antibody responses. We demonstrate that WNK1 transduces signals from the BCR, CXCR5, and CD40, and using intravital imaging, we show that WNK1 regulates migration of naive and activated B cells, and their interactions with T cells. Unexpectedly, we show that WNK1 is required for BCR- and CD40-induced proliferation, acting through the OXSR1 and STK39 kinases, and for efficient B cell–T cell collaboration in vivo. Thus, WNK1 is critical for humoral immune responses, by regulating B cell migration, adhesion, and T cell–dependent activation.
Two distinct pathways regulate chromaffin cell exocytosis
Authors: Short Ben
Published: January 2023

JGP study reveals how the neurotransmitter PACAP induces a secretory response in chromaffin cells that differs from the one induced by acetylcholine.
Thermal management and packaging of wide and ultra-wide bandgap power devices: a review and perspective
Authors: Qin Yuan , Albano Benjamin , Spencer Joseph , Lundh James Spencer , Wang Boyan , Buttay Cyril , Tadjer Marko , DiMarino Christina , Zhang Yuhao
Published: January 2023

Power semiconductor devices are fundamental drivers for advances in power electronics, the technology for electric energy conversion. Power devices based on wide-bandgap (WBG) and ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) semiconductors allow for a smaller chip size, lower loss and higher frequency compared with their silicon (Si) counterparts, thus enabling a higher system efficiency and smaller form factor. Amongst the challenges for the development and deployment of WBG and UWBG devices is the efficient dissipation of heat, an unavoidable by-product of the higher power density. To mitigate the performance limitations and reliability issues caused by self-heating, thermal management is required at both device and package levels. Packaging in particular is a crucial milestone for the development of any power device technology; WBG and UWBG devices have both reached this milestone recently. This paper provides a timely review of the thermal management of WBG and UWBG power devices with an emphasis on packaged devices. Additionally, emerging UWBG devices hold good promise for high-temperature applications due to their low intrinsic carrier density and increased dopant ionization at elevated temperatures. The fulfillment of this promise in system applications, in conjunction with overcoming the thermal limitations of some UWBG materials, requires new thermal management and packaging technologies. To this end, we provide perspectives on the relevant challenges, potential solutions and research opportunities, highlighting the pressing needs for device–package electrothermal co-design and high-temperature packages that can withstand the high electric fields expected in UWBG devices.