bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professional identity research in the health professions—a scoping review
Authors: Cornett Marian , Palermo Claire , Ash Susan
Published: November 2022

Professional identity impacts the workforce at personal, interpersonal and profession levels however there is a lack of reviews of professional identity research across practising health professionals. To summarise professional identity research in the health professions literature and explore how professional identity is described a scoping review was conducted by searching Medline, Psycinfo, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Business Source Complete using “professional identity” and related terms for 32 health professions. Empirical studies of professional identity in post-registration health professionals were examined with health profession, career stage, background to research, theoretical underpinnings and constructs of professional identity being extracted, charted and analysed using content analysis where relevant. From 9941 studies, 160 studies across 17 health professions were identified, with nursing and medicine most common. Twenty studies focussed on professional identity in the five years post-entry to the workforce and 56 studies did not state career stage. The most common background for the research was the impact of political, social and healthcare reforms and advances. Thirty five percent of studies (n = 57) stated the use of a theory or framework of identity, the most common being classified as social theories. Individual constructs of professional identity across the research were categorised into five themes—The Lived Experience of Professional Identity; The World Around Me; Belonging; Me; and Learning and Qualifications. Descriptions of professional identity are broad, varied, rich and multi-layered however the literature is under theorised with current theories potentially inadequate to capture its complexity and make meaningful contributions to the allied health professions.
Effect of in vitro gastrointestinal digestion on the antibacterial activity of bioactive dairy formulas supplemented with lactoferrin against Cronobacter sakazakii
Authors: Abad Inés , Serrano Laura , Graikini Dimitra , Pérez María Dolores , Grasa Laura , Sánchez Lourdes
Published: November 2022

Milk is a source of proteins with high nutritional value and relevant biological activities. Bioactive milk proteins, like lactoferrin, are important for newborn development and can also be used as ingredients in functional products to improve health. Lactoferrin is essential in infant’s diet, since protects against infections and promotes immune system maturation. Bovine lactoferrin is used to supplement formula milk in order to strengthen baby’s defences against some pathogenic bacteria. Thus, lactoferrin supplemented formula can be a barrier against emergent pathogens, such as Cronobacter sakazakii, which has caused great concern in the last few years. Milk proteins generate bioactive peptides in the digestion process, and it is known that industrial processing can modify their susceptibility to digestion. Treatments such as heating have been shown to denature whey proteins and make them more easily digestible. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effect of technological treatments and gastrointestinal digestion on the antibacterial activity against C. sakazakii of proteins present in dairy formulas supplemented with lactoferrin. Commercial bovine lactoferrin has been shown to have antibacterial activity against C. sakazakii, both in the native state and after static in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. In addition, the digests obtained from dairy formulas subjected to technological treatments, either homogenization or pasteurization, have higher antibacterial activity than non-treated formulas. The release of low molecular weight peptides during the in vitro gastric digestion is probably the cause that would explain the enhanced antibacterial activity of the digested dairy formulas.
An Analytical Solution for the Heat Conduction–Convection Equation in Non-homogeneous Soil
Authors: Ioannidis Thomas , Bakas Nikolaos A.
Published: November 2022

Heat transfer through the soil is important in shallow geothermal applications, in plant growth as well as in the surface energy balance. In this work, an analytical solution for a conduction–convection equation that models heat transfer is presented for non-homogeneous soil. The main assumption underlying the solution is that the thermal diffusivity of soil is piecewise-constant. A method to determine the depth-dependent thermal diffusivity and the water flux density through the porous medium based on temperature measurements is also developed and applied to field data from a site in Ioannina, Greece. The thermal diffusivity was found to increase in the layer below the surface and decrease for larger depths, while convection through the porous medium was found to be present in wet conditions and to account for about 10% of the heat flux in terms of the annual variability of temperature. Finally, the capability of the novel method in capturing the spatio-temporal variability of soil temperature is compared to three commonly used algorithms: the amplitude, the phase, and the conduction–convection algorithm. The novel method is able to reduce the root-mean-square error for the predicted variability of temperature at all depths by an order of magnitude compared to the other three algorithms.
Development of a key performance indicator for breast cancer in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Walpole Euan T. , Youl Philippa H. , Moore Julie , Morris Michelle , Cossio Danica , Dhanda Pardeep , Theile David E. , Philpot Shoni
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Using population-based data for women diagnosed with stage I-III breast cancer, our aim was to examine the impact of time to treatment completion on survival and to identify factors associated with treatment delay.

Methods

This retrospective study used clinical and treatment data from the Queensland Oncology Repository. Time from diagnosis to completing surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy identified a cut-off of 37 weeks as the optimal threshold for completing treatment. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with the likelihood of completing treatment > 37 weeks. Overall (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were examined using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Of 8279 women with stage I-III breast cancer, 31.9% completed treatment > 37 weeks. Apart from several clinical factors, being Indigenous (p = 0.002), living in a disadvantaged area (p = 0.003) and receiving ≥ two treatment modalities within the public sector (p < 0.001) were associated with an increased likelihood of completing treatment > 37 weeks. The risk of death from any cause was about 40% higher for women whose treatment went beyond 37 weeks (HR 1.37, 95%CI 1.16–1.61), a similar result was observed for BCSS. Using the surgery + chemotherapy + radiation pathway, a delay of > 6.9 weeks from surgery to starting chemotherapy was significantly associated with poorer survival (p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Several sociodemographic and system-related factors were associated with a greater likelihood of treatment completion > 37 weeks. We are proposing a key performance indicator for the management of early breast cancer where a facility should have > 90% of patients with a time from surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy < 6.9 weeks.
The Mediation role of Caregivers and Context on Individual Factors in Enabling Resilience Among Learners with Specific Learning Disability
Authors: Mawila Daphney
Published: November 2022

Individual factors are critical in navigating adversity; however, the influence of social ecologies on resilience should not be undervalued. Factors such as a relationship with caregivers, and contextual factors (i.e. culture, spirituality, education), serve as resilience enablers. This article investigated the role of caregivers and context as mediators on the impact of individual factors on resilience among learners presenting with Specific Learning Disability (SLD) at schools for Learners with Special Needs (LSEN). An explanatory quantitative research design was adopted, and mediation model was employed as the conceptual framework. Mediation models were developed for this study and regression analysis was used to test the models. The sample (N = 217 respondents) of this study was purposefully selected. The hypothesis was that individual factors have an impact on resilience. However, caregivers and context factors mediate this impact. The Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28) was used to collect data. Results confirmed that although there are individual factors that enable resilience, the individual’s caregivers, and other factors in their context, strengthen their resilience development. The results of the study revealed that resilience of learners with SLD was enabled by a combination of individual factors and social-ecological factors (such as, caregivers and context). Therefore, a combination of factors is involved in the development of resilience.
Effect of cold deformation on the stress corrosion cracking resistance of a high-strength stainless steel
Authors: Truschner Mathias , Janda Alexander , Bodner Sabine C. , Keplinger Andreas , Mori Gregor
Published: November 2022

The resistance to chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking was investigated on a high-strength CrNiMnMoN austenitic stainless steel in the hot-rolled and in different cold-drawn states. The resistance against chloride-induced stress corrosion cracking was determined by slow strain rate tests in different chloride containing solutions at elevated temperatures. A fracture analysis was carried out using scanning electron microscopy. Improved resistance is obtained by the formation of deformation-induced twins. In addition, synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurements show full austenite stability during all cold-drawing steps.

Graphical abstract
Indicators of haemodynamic instability and left ventricular function in a porcine model of esmolol induced negative inotropy
Authors: Davies Simon , Jian Zhongping , Hatib Feras , Gomes Amy , Mythen Monty
Published: November 2022

To investigate if the Hypotension Prediction Index was an early indicator of haemodynamic instability in a negative inotropy porcine model, and to assess the correlation of commonly measured indicators of left ventricular systolic function. Eight anaesthetised pigs were volume resuscitated and then underwent an incremental infusion of esmolol hydrochloride (0-3000 mg/hr), following which it was then reduced in a stepwise manner. Full haemodynamic measurements were taken at each stage and measurements of left ventricular systolic function including left ventricular stroke work index, ejection fraction and peripheral dP/dT were obtained. At an infusion rate of 500 mg/hr of esmolol there were no significant changes in any measured variables. At 1000 mg/hr MAP was on average 11 mmHg lower (95% CI 1 to 11 mmHg, p = 0.027) with a mean of 78 mmHg, HPI increased by 33 units (95% CI 4 to 62, p = 0.026) with a mean value of 63. No other parameters showed significant change from baseline values. Subsequent increases in esmolol showed changes in all parameters except SVV, SVR and PA mean. Correlation between dP/dt and LVSWI was 0.85 (95% CI 0.77 to 0.90, p < 0.001), between LVEF and dP/dt 0.39 (95% CI 0.18 to 0.57, p < 0.001), and between LSWI and LVEF 0.41 (95% CI 0.20 to 0.59, p < 0.001). In this model haemodynamic instability induced by negative inotropy was detected by the HPI algorithm prior to any clinically significant change in commonly measured variables. In addition, the peripheral measure of left ventricular contractility dP/dt correlates well with more established measurements of LV systolic function.
Towering and internal rogue waves induced by two-layer interaction in non-uniform fluid. A 2D non-autonomous gCDGKSE
Authors: Abdel-Gawad H. I.
Published: November 2022

A Generalized (2+1)-dimensional Caudrey–Dodd–Gibbon–Kotera–Sawada equation (2D- gCDGKSE) is an integro-differential equation that describes tow-layer fluid interaction. The non-autonomous (2+1)-dimensional gCDGKSE (NAUT-gCDGKSE) was rarely considered in the literature. In the previous works, the concepts of two-layer fluid interaction and non-uniform fluid were not explored. This motivated us to focus the attention on these themes. Our objective is to inspecting waves structures in non-uniform fluid which describes fluid flows near a solid boundary. Thus, the present work is completely new. Our objective, here, is to inspect waves which are similar to those created in waterfall, water waves behind dams, boat sailing, in the network of canals during water release, and internal waves in submarine. In a uniform fluid, rogue waves occur in open oceans and seas, while in the present case of non-uniform fluid, towering and internal rogue waves occur near barriers (islands) and near submarine, respectively. This was consolidated experimentally, as it was shown that rogue wave is produced in a water tank (which is with solid boundary). The exact solutions of NAUT-gCDGKSE are derived here, by implementing the extended unified method (EUM). In applications, it is found that the EUM is of lower time cost in symbolic computation, than when using Lie symmetry, Darboux and AutoBucklund transformations. The results obtained here are evaluated numerically, and they are displayed in graphs. They reveal multiple waves structures with relevance to waves created near a solid boundary. Among them are towering and internal rogue waves, internal (hollowed) and bulge-U-shape wave and S-shape wave, water fall, saddle wave, and dromoions.
The relationship between free will and consciousness
Authors: Asma Lieke Joske Franci
Published: November 2022

Reflection on the relationship between free will and consciousness has mainly revolved around Libet-style experiments, for example by criticizing the claim that conscious intentions never cause what we do. Less attention has been paid to whether this response captures the sense in which consciousness is relevant for free will, however. In this paper I argue that scholars seem to accept two assumptions they should reject: (1) that the relationship between free will and consciousness is best characterized in terms of conscious states and/or processes being part of the causal chain leading up to the action, and (2) that the third-person perspective is a suitable means to capturing the relationship between free will and consciousness. I provide an alternative proposal of how free will and consciousness may be related, in which an agent’s self-understanding of what she is doing and why, while acting, takes center stage. In order to capture the relationship between the two, I argue, the first-person perspective should be investigated instead of explained away.
Philosophie du Droit et Droit Positif: La Problématique de L’égalité
Authors: Moor Pierre
Published: November 2022

Trois philosophies du droit et de la justice, d’horizons différents (Kojève, Rawls, Villey) donnent une place centrale au principe d’égalité, sans s’arrêter à sa mise en œuvre par le droit. Analyse de la mise en œuvre du principe dans l’ordre juridique, par le législateur et le juge. Critères de comparaison. Surdétermination dans l’évaluation des critères par les conceptions sociales, politiques, culturelles. La socio-politique comme médiation de la justice dans sa mise en œuvre social-historique.
Updates to the SUMER Spectral Atlas
Authors: Curdt Werner , Wilhelm Klaus , Schühle Udo , Vial Jean-Claude , Lemaire Philippe , Bocchialini Karine
Published: November 2022

We present a reworked version of the SUMER spectral atlas (Curdt et al., 2001). New identifications are given for more than 100 emission lines; entries were corrected or added to the list. The solar emission curve – spectral radiance versus wavelength – in the SUMER spectral range is now available in digital format as electronic supplementary material. To reveal the true solar emission, second-order photons from the Lyman continuum have been discarded near the long wavelength section in the first order of diffraction.
Exploring Criticality in Chinese Philosophy: Refuting Generalisations and Supporting Critical Thinking
Authors: Normile Ian H.
Published: November 2022

Much of the literature exploring Chinese international student engagement with critical thinking in Western universities draws on reductive essentialisations of ‘Confucianism’ in efforts to explain cross-cultural differences. In this paper I review literature problematising these tendencies. I then shift focus from inferences about how philosophy shapes culture and individual students, toward drawing on philosophy as a ‘living’ resource for understanding and shaping the ideal of critical thinking. A cross disciplinary approach employs historical overview and philosophical interpretation within and beyond the Confucian tradition to exemplify three types of criticality common in Chinese philosophy. These are criticality within tradition, criticality of tradition, and critical integration of traditions. The result is a refutation of claims or inferences (intentional or implicit) that Chinese philosophy is not conducive to criticality. While this paper focuses ontypesof criticality, it also reveals a commonmethodof criticality within Chinese philosophy, in the form of ‘creation through transmission’. This resonates with recent research calling for less confrontational and more dialogical engagement with critical processes. However, I also draw attention to examples of confrontational argumentation within Chinese philosophy, which may provide valuable resources for educators and students. Finally, I conclude careful and explicit consideration is needed regarding the types of criticality sought within Western universities to prevent educators and students from ‘speaking past’ one and other instead of ‘speaking with’ one and other in critical dialogue.
Development towards low carbon and sustainable agriculture in Finland is possible with moderate changes in land use and diets
Authors: Lehtonen Heikki , Rämö Janne
Published: November 2022

Food security under climate change, several sustainability problems, and ambitious climate targets are considered challenges for agriculture and food sectors in many countries. Since agricultural production and its land use produce appr. 20% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of Finland, reducing agricultural GHG emissions is important for meeting national target of climate neutrality by 2035. Healthier food diets, maintenance of biodiversity, and reduced nutrient leaching from agriculture are also required for a more sustainable food economy. This paper aims to show how agriculture in Finland, traditionally dominated by livestock production, could decrease GHG emissions significantly and simultaneously respond to other sustainability concerns. Our results, based on economic modelling of the agricultural sector, suggest that moderate changes in food diets and land use can reduce GHG emissions of agriculture by more than 40% by 2050 if productivity growth and policy changes support the overall change in the agriculture and food sector. Adaptation to climate change, e.g. more higher crop yields efficient input use, is necessary for productivity growth. Decreased demand for meat and decreased cultivation of feed crops would decrease GHG emissions and free up land for carbon sequestration through afforestation. Whilst healthier food diets imply less livestock and increased imports of protein crops for food, a reasonable volume of livestock production is useful for maintaining food security, grasslands, crop rotations, soil carbon, and biodiversity. We conclude that transition to low carbon and more sustainable agriculture is possible without risking food security at northern latitudes.
Cricopharyngeal Myotomy; a Rescue Surgery for Dysphagia in Lateral Medullary Syndrome
Authors: Shenoy S Vijendra , K Kshithi , Parvathareddy Navya , Dhawan Saksham
Published: November 2022

Lateral medullary syndrome/Wallenberg syndrome, is a neurological disorder occurring due to ischemia in the lateral part of medullary oblongata resulting in wide range of symptoms. Dysphagia is usually exhibited in severe and persistent form in LMS. Hence timely intervention is mandatory before the patient further worsens. We describe a case of Lateral medullary syndrome with persisitent dysphagia who was managed successfully with cricopharyngeal myotomy.
User-centered visual explorer of in-process comparison in spatiotemporal space
Authors: Yu Dong , Ian Oppermann , Jie Liang , Xiaoru Yuan , Vinh Nguyen Quang
Published: November 2022

We propose a user-centered visual explorer (UcVE) for progressive comparing multiple visualization units in spatiotemporal space. We create unique unit visualization with the customizable aggregated view based on the visual metaphor of flower bursts. Each visualization unit is encoded with the abstraction of spatiotemporal properties. To reduce user cognition load, UcVE allows users to visualize, save, and track in-the-process exploration results. In coordination of storage sequence and block tracking views, UcVE can facilitate comparison with multiple visualization units concurrently, selected from historical and current exploration results. UcVE offers a flexible geo-based layout, with aggregation functions and temporal views of the timeline with categorized events, to maximize the user’s exploration capabilities. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness by using COVID-19 datasets, case studies with different user scenarios, and expert feedback.

Graphical abstract
Kruppel-like factor 13 inhibits cell proliferation of gastric cancer by inducing autophagic degradation of β-catenin
Authors: Ding Youxiang , Xu Yuting , Fu Yao , Zhang Heng , Zhao Li , Fan Xiangshan
Published: November 2022

Zinc protein KLF13 is a tumor-suppressive member of Kruppel-like factors family, and yet the effect of KLF13 on gastric cancer has not been reported. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of KLF13 in gastric cancer and explored underlying molecular mechanisms. Firstly, it was found that KLF13 expression was significantly decreased in gastric cancer tissues and cancer cells compared with adjacent normal tissues and normal gastric epithelial cells, respectively. KEGG_Pathway and GO_BP analyses suggested that KLF13 was associated with CELL_CYCLE and CELL_PROLIFERATION. Then, our results further demonstrated that KLF13 could obviously inhibit gastric cancer proliferation and induce cell arrest at G2/M phase. Mechanistically, KLF13 decreased expressions of β-catenin and its target genes, CCND1 and MYC, via triggering autophagic degradation of β-catenin. KLF13 up-regulation facilitated co-localization and binding of β-catenin with autophagy protein p62, and exogenous overexpression of β-catenin or blocking autophagy process appeared to reverse KLF13-induced inhibition of gastric cancer proliferation. Furthermore, KLF13 overexpression promoted the expression of ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2, Ubc13 which is responsible for catalyzing the synthesis of 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains and increased the binding of β-catenin with E3 ubiquitin ligase, TRAF6. In vivo, KLF13 overexpression also suppressed xenograft tumor growth of gastric cancer and down-regulated expressions of Ki67, β-catenin, Cyclin D1, and c-Myc in tumor tissues. Collectively, these data firstly demonstrated the involvement of KLF13 in inhibiting cell proliferation of gastric cancer through promoting autophagy-dependent degradation of β-catenin, which reinforced the evidence for suppressive roles of KLF13 in human tumors.
Non-Financial Losses Incurred by a Traffic Accident Perpetrator
Authors: Miyoshi Hiroaki , Taguchi Satoshi , Yamamoto Tatsushi , Watanabe Shoji
Published: November 2022

The drivers of vehicles equipped with active-safety systems are less likely to be the responsible parties in traffic accidents. However, this benefit cannot be monetarily evaluated because monetary values for non-financial losses incurred by perpetrators have thus far been entirely unexplored. This paper estimates the value using stated-preference survey. The main finding is that monetary value for non-financial losses incurred by a perpetrator of fatal accident (for cases in which the perpetrator was 100% responsible for the accident) should be set at the level approximately equal to that of non-financial losses to an accident victim.
Misogynoir: challenges in detecting intersectional hate
Authors: Kwarteng Joseph , Perfumi Serena Coppolino , Farrell Tracie , Third Aisling , Fernandez Miriam
Published: November 2022

“Misogynoir” is a term that refers to the anti-Black forms of misogyny that Black women experience. To explore how current automated hate speech detection approaches perform in detecting this type of hate, we evaluated the performance of two state-of-the-art detection tools, HateSonar and Google’s Perspective API, on a balanced dataset of 300 tweets, half of which are examples of misogynoir and half of which are examples of supporting Black women and an imbalanced dataset of 3138 tweets of which 162 tweets are examples of misogynoir and 2976 tweets are examples of allyship tweets. We aim to determine if these tools flag these messages under any of their classifications of hateful speech (e.g. “hate speech”, “offensive language”, “toxicity” etc.). Close analysis of the classifications and errors shows that current hate speech detection tools are ineffective in detecting misogynoir. They lack sensitivity to context, which is an essential component for misogynoir detection. We found that tweets likely to be classified as hate speech explicitly reference racism or sexism or use profane or aggressive words. Subtle tweets without references to these topics are more challenging to classify. We find that the lack of sensitivity to context may make such tools not only ineffective but potentially harmful to Black women.
The Systemic Implications of the Supranational Legal Order for the Practice of the Rule of Law
Authors: Grabowska-Moroz Barbara
Published: November 2022

The article presents the main rule of law guarantees and the critique of the rule of law as it is applied in the European Union. Analysis is supplemented with the results of the European Parliament election survey which was conducted as a part of RECONNECT project. Despite the fact that rule of law topics reach the European media headlines on a regular basis, the rule of law was not perceived as the most important one by the respondents. Meanwhile Treaty-based mechanisms aimed at protecting EU fundamental values, such as Article 7 TEU and the infringement procedure, reflect the dual legal as well as political nature of the rule of law. The article analyses how the EU constitutional structure affects the practices of the rule of law—both at the supranational and domestic level—and offers some key recommendations on how to tackle deficiencies in the field of the rule of law.
Impact of Bisphenol A on Structure and Function of Mitochondria: A Critical Review
Authors: Nayak Divyani , Adiga Divya , Khan Nadeem G. , Rai Padmalatha S. , Dsouza Herman Sunil , Chakrabarty Sanjiban , Gassman Natalie R. , Kabekkodu Shama Prasada
Published: November 2022

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial chemical used extensively to manufacture polycarbonate plastics and epoxy resins. Because of its estrogen-mimicking properties, BPA acts as an endocrine-disrupting chemical. It has gained attention due to its high chances of daily and constant human exposure, bioaccumulation, and the ability to cause cellular toxicities and diseases at extremely low doses. Several elegant studies have shown that BPA can exert cellular toxicities by interfering with the structure and function of mitochondria, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Exposure to BPA results in oxidative stress and alterations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), mitochondrial biogenesis, bioenergetics, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decline, mitophagy, and apoptosis. Accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in conjunction with oxidative damage may be responsible for causing BPA-mediated cellular toxicity. Thus, several reports have suggested using antioxidant treatment to mitigate the toxicological effects of BPA. The present literature review emphasizes the adverse effects of BPA on mitochondria, with a comprehensive note on the molecular aspects of the structural and functional alterations in mitochondria in response to BPA exposure. The review also confers the possible approaches to alleviate BPA-mediated oxidative damage and the existing knowledge gaps in this emerging area of research.
Advancing workforce diversity by leveraging the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program
Authors: Locklear Tracie , Lewis Roslyn , Calhoun Faye , Li Andy , Dickerson Kathryn C. , McMillan Amanda , Davis Lisa , Dzirasa Kafui , Weinfurt Kevin P. , Grambow Steven C.
Published: November 2022

Clinical trials continue to disproportionately underrepresent people of color. Increasing representation of diverse backgrounds among clinical research personnel has the potential to yield greater representation in clinical trials and more efficacious medical interventions by addressing medical mistrust. In 2019, North Carolina Central University (NCCU), a Historically Black College and University with a more than 80% underrepresented student population, established the Clinical Research Sciences Program with support from the Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSA) program at neighboring Duke University. This program was designed to increase exposure of students from diverse educational, racial, and ethnic backgrounds to the field of clinical research, with a special focus on health equity education. In the first year, the program graduated 11 students from the two-semester certificate program, eight of whom now hold positions as clinical research professionals. This article describes how leveraging the CTSA program helped NCCU build a framework for producing a highly trained, competent, and diverse workforce in clinical research responsive to the call for increased diversity in clinical trial participation.
Feasibility of using Facebook for HIV prevention: Implications for translational research among justice-involved women who use drugs in rural Appalachia
Authors: Staton Michele , Dickson Megan F. , Pike Erika , Young Sean
Published: November 2022

Background:

Justice-involved women from rural Appalachia face significant barriers to the utilization of evidence-based HIV prevention interventions in spite of high rates of injection drug use and risky sexual practices. Adapting evidence-based practices to incorporate the cultural uniqueness of the target population is needed in order to advance translational and clinical science in this area. This study provides a descriptive overview of indicators of feasibility and acceptability of an adapted version of the National Institute on Drug Abuse Standard HIV prevention intervention for delivery using Facebook through a small randomized controlled pilot study with rural Appalachian women.

Method:

Study methods include the random selection of rural Appalachian women from two local jails, screening for study eligibility, baseline data collection, random assignment to study interventions, and follow-up in the community three months post-release.

Results:

Results indicate that the feasibility of the approach was supported through study enrollment of the target population who reported regular Facebook use and HIV risk behaviors including drug use and sex. Acceptability of the intervention was demonstrated through enrollment in the study intervention, engagement in the intervention through Facebook, and indicators of HIV/HCV knowledge.

Conclusions:

Study findings contribute to the critical and unmet need to advance translational science on the delivery of evidence-based prevention interventions in real-world rural Appalachian settings to understudied, vulnerable individuals who are often overlooked in targeted prevention efforts.
Dimples, jets and self-similarity in nonlinear capillary waves
Authors: Kayal Lohit , Basak Saswata , Dasgupta Ratul
Published: November 2022

Numerical studies of dimple and jet formation from a collapsing cavity often model the initial cavity shape as a truncated sphere, mimicking a bursting bubble. In this study, we present a minimal model containing only nonlinear inertial and capillary forces, which produces dimples and jets from a collapsing capillary wave trough. The trough in our simulation develops from a smooth initial perturbation, chosen to be an eigenmode to the linearised

${O}(\epsilon )$

problem (

$\epsilon$

is the non-dimensional amplitude). We explain the physical mechanism of dimple formation and demonstrate that, for moderate

$\epsilon$

, the sharp dimple seen in simulations is well captured by the weakly nonlinear

${O}(\epsilon ^3)$

theory developed here. For

$\epsilon \gg 1$

the regime is strongly nonlinear, spreading surface energy into many modes, and the precursor dimple now develops into a sharply rising jet. Here, simulations reveal a novel localised window (in space and time) where the jet evolves self-similarly following inviscid (Keller & Miksis, SIAM J. Appl. Maths, vol. 43, issue 2, 1983, pp. 268–277) scales. We develop an analogy of this regime to a self-similar solution of the first kind, for linearised capillary waves. Our first-principles study demonstrates that, at sufficiently small scales, dimples and jets can form from radial inward focusing of capillary waves, and the formation of this may be described by a relatively simple model employing (nonlinear) inertial and capillary effects. Viscosity and gravity can, however, significantly influence the focusing process, either intensifying the singularity or weakening it (Walls et al., Phys. Rev. E, vol. 92, issue 2, 2015, 021002; Gordillo & Rodríguez-Rodríguez, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 867, 2019, pp. 556–571). This leads, in particular, to critical values of Ohnesorge and Bond numbers, which cannot be obtained from our minimal model.
When sequence matters: the processing of contextually biased German verb–object metaphors
Authors: Ronderos Camilo R. , Guerra Ernesto , Knoeferle Pia
Published: November 2022

Several studies have investigated the comprehension of decontextualized English nominal metaphors. However, not much is known about how contextualized, non-nominal, non-English metaphors are processed, and how this might inform existing theories of metaphor comprehension. In the current work, we investigate the effects of context and of sequential order for an under-studied type of construction: German verb–object metaphors. In two visual-world, eye-tracking experiments, we manipulated whether a discourse context biased a spoken target utterance toward a metaphoric or a literal interpretation. We also manipulated the order of verb and object in the target utterances (e.g.,Stefan interviewt eine Hyäne, ‘Stefan interviews a hyena’, verb→object; andStefan wird eine Hyäne interviewen, ‘Stefan will a hyena interview’, object→verb). Experiment 1 shows that contextual cues interacted with sequential order, mediating the processing of verb–object metaphors: When the context biased toward a metaphoric interpretation, participants readily understood the object metaphorically for the verb→object sequence, whereas they likely first understood it literally for the object→verb sequence. Crucially, no such effect of sequential order was found when context biased toward a literal interpretation. Experiment 2 suggests that differences in processing found in Experiment 1 were brought on by the interaction of discourse context and sequential order and not by sequential order alone. We propose ways in which existing theoretical views could be extended to account for these findings. Overall, our study shows the importance of context during figurative language comprehension and highlights the need to test the predictions of metaphor theories on non-English and non-nominal metaphors.
Snapshot of COVID-19 superinfections in Marseille hospitals: where are the common pathogens?
Authors: Le Glass Elisabeth , Raoult Didier , Dubourg Grégory
Published: November 2022

Episodes of bacterial superinfections have been well identified for several respiratory viruses, notably influenza. In this retrospective study, we compared the frequency of superinfections in COVID-19 patients to those found in influenza-positive patients, and to controls without viral infection. We included 42 468 patients who had been diagnosed with COVID-19 and 266 261 subjects who had tested COVID-19 negative between 26 February 2020 and 1 May 2021. In addition, 4059 patients were included who had tested positive for the influenza virus between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2019. Bacterial infections in COVID-19 patients were more frequently healthcare-associated, and acquired in ICUs, were associated with longer ICU stays, and occurred in older and male patients when compared to controls and to influenza patients (P < 0.0001 for all). The most common pathogens proved to be less frequent in COVID-19 patients, including fewer cases of bacteraemia involving E. coli (P < 0.0001) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (P = 0.027) when compared to controls. In respiratory specimens Haemophilus influenzae (P < 0.0001) was more frequent in controls, while Streptococcus pneumoniae (P < 0.0001) was more frequent in influenza patients. Likewise, species associated with nosocomial transmission, such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus epidermidis, were more frequent among COVID-19 patients. Finally, we observed a high frequency of Enterococcus faecalis bacteraemia among COVID-19 patients, which were mainly ICU-acquired and associated with a longer timescale to acquisition.
The effect of the Dutch financial assessment framework on the mortgage investments of pension funds
Authors: Kim Yeorim , Mastrogiacomo Mauro
Published: November 2022

We investigate the cause of the increase in mortgage investments by pension funds after the financial crisis. We show that, after the introduction of the new financial assessment framework in 2015, funds that experienced larger reductions in the funding ratio during the 2008–2012 crisis invested more in mortgages. We test the hypothesis that a past recovery mode has motivated pension funds to invest more in mortgages after the crisis. Funds that seek to further hedge their interest rate risks aim for a different risk/return investment profile. Mortgages could contribute to a less risky portfolio, as they have become even safer since the introduction of several new regulations in 2013. Recovery modes after the crisis combined with the new framework are a cause of the recent surge in mortgage holding by pension funds; we find that this led to a 39% increase in their mortgage investments, despite the fact that these are still low relative to the overall investments of pension funds.
Die Determinanten eines gelungenen Kindergarteneintritts
Authors: Carigiet Tamara , Troesch Larissa Maria
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. Zum Übergang Familie – Kindergarten liegen im deutschsprachigen Raum nur wenige Studien vor. Das Ziel des Beitrags ist es, die Determinanten eines gelungenen Kindergarteneintritts resp. der mehrdimensional-konzipierten, initialen Anpassung zu identifizieren. Basierend auf einer ökosystemischen Sichtweise wird der Fokus auf Kind-, Familien-, und institutionell-kontextuelle Bedingungsfaktoren gelegt (Mehrebenenmodell). Bei Eltern und Kindergartenlehrkräften aus der Deutschschweiz fand drei Monate nach dem Eintritt der Kinder ins 1. Kindergartenjahr ( N = 255) eine Fragebogenerhebung statt. Das Sprachverständnis der Kinder zwischen 4 und 5 Jahren wurde standardisiert erfasst. Alle Variablen wurden querschnittlich erhoben. Wie erwartet liegen die Determinanten vor allem auf der individuellen Ebene von Merkmalen, Kompetenzen und Sozialisationserfahrungen des Kindes. Besonders die praktische Selbständigkeit des Kindes steht mit dem sozial-adaptiven Verhalten im Kindergarten in Zusammenhang. Zudem erklärend sind die Sprachkompetenzen, das Problemverhalten, das Vorhandensein bekannter Kinder, z.T. auch Geschlecht und vormaliges familienexternes Betreuungspensum. Nur wenig bedeutsam ist das Alter des Kindes, der familiäre Bildungshintergrund und die Anzahl übergangsvorbereitender Maßnahmen der Kindergartenlehrkräfte. Aus den Befunden ergeben sich Hinweise zur allgemeinen Förderung des Übergangs und zu Risikokonstellationen am Anfang der formalen Schullaufbahn der Kinder.
Neural ODE Differential Learning and Its Application in Polar Motion Prediction
Authors: Kiani Shahvandi Mostafa , Schartner Matthias , Soja Benedikt
Published: November 2022

This paper introduces a new learning algorithm for accurate, physically driven time series prediction. The fundamental assumption behind the method is that the phenomena follow Ordinary Differential Equations. We investigate the general case where the time series follows an ODE of degree . The resulting method is a learning algorithm based on the finite differences between the values of time series. We present the application of the method in the field of geodesy for polar motion prediction, the main objective of the present paper. We show that in this application, the linear form of the method is sufficient and offers competitive predictive performance. We present a baseline solution, in which we use historical polar motion time series from 1976 to predict up to the year 2020. The prediction horizon in this case is short‐term (up to 10 days into the future). In addition, we compare the prediction accuracy in the short‐term horizon with the results of the best performing model in the first Earth Orientation Prediction Comparison Campaign. On average, a 53% improvement in prediction performance is achieved. In further analyses, we compare the prediction accuracy for both short‐term and long‐term against the results of state‐of‐the‐art methods, namely Multichannel Singular Spectrum Analysis, and a combination of Singular Spectrum Analysis and Copula sampling. We show that the proposed method in this paper can outperform the mentioned two methods in both short and long‐term horizons, with an average improvement of the prediction performance of 54% and 52%, respectively.
Global Climatology of Extratropical Cyclones From a New Tracking Approach and Associated Wave Heights From Satellite Radar Altimeter
Authors: Lodise John , Merrifield Sophia , Collins Clarence , Rogowski Peter , Behrens James , Terrill Eric
Published: November 2022

Extratropical cyclones (ECs) produce comparable wave heights and hazardous sea states to those under hurricanes. With strong wind speeds and considerably larger diameters, the impact of ECs on the global wave climate is substantial. Because ECs occur more frequently, move more quickly, and exist in a large variety of sizes and shapes, these storms are not as well documented. Here, we present findings from a global EC tracking algorithm aimed at creating an EC database of wave producing storms. We focus on the major ocean basins of extratropical cyclone activity: The North Atlantic, North Pacific, and Southern Oceans. Our tracking algorithm uses mean sea level pressure fields from the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) high resolution, advanced data assimilating, ERA5 reanalysis over the years 1979–2020. The 42 year‐long data set of thousands of cyclone tracks allows seasonal patterns and longer‐term trends of EC activity to be analyzed in these ocean regions. In addition, we employ 36 years of satellite radar altimeter‐derived significant wave height (Hs) data from 14 inter‐calibrated satellite missions to study the wave climate induced by the identified ECs in each basin. The resulting wave climatology compares well with previous results in the mid to high latitudes. We then analyze average wave heights under different EC characteristics, including cyclone translational speed and maximum winds, which have strong effects on wave height variability. Finally, a brief analysis of EC and wave climate under positive and negative phases of the North Atlantic Oscillation is presented.
Nitrous Oxide Dynamics in the Southern Benguela Upwelling System
Authors: Mashifane T. B. , Bourbonnais A. , Fawcett S. E.
Published: November 2022

St Helena Bay in the southern Benguela upwelling system (SBUS) is characterized by seasonal upwelling, water mass and nutrient retention, and persistent cyclonic circulation that limits oxygen exchange, creating ideal conditions for subsurface N2O production and subsequent ventilation at the ocean‐atmosphere interface. However, due to a paucity of observations, little is known about N2O dynamics in the SBUS. Here we use a coupled physical‐biogeochemical model and new observations to investigate the magnitude and seasonality of the N2O source and ocean‐atmosphere flux terms along a transect from St Helena Bay into offshore waters. Both the model and observations indicate that significant N2O production occurs at depth in nearshore waters, with ΔN2O concentrations (i.e., the difference between the simulated or observed concentration of N2O and the equilibrium value) exceeding 14 μmol m−3. Equatorward advection of this N2O occurs at a maximum rate of 4.50 μmol N2O m−2 s−1 in the upper 200 m. By contrast, the SBUS poleward undercurrent hosts low N2O concentrations on the shelf slope. Modeled fluxes range from −0.02 to 0.2 nmol m−2 s−1, consistent with reports from other upwelling systems. The ocean‐atmosphere N2O flux reaches 0.21 g N m−2 yr−1 in nearshore St Helena Bay, and follows a distinct seasonal cycle driven by ΔN2O disequilibrium in winter and prevailing south‐easterly winds and associated upwelling in spring and summer. We calculate a mean N2O flux for the whole SBUS of 4 ± 2 × 10−3 Tg N yr−1, representing 0.1% of the estimated global ocean annual flux.
Comparative serum proteomic analysis of a selected protein panel in individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and the impact of genetic risk burden on serum proteomic profiles
Authors: Oraki Kohshour Mojtaba , Kannaiyan Nirmal R. , Falk August Jernbom , Papiol Sergi , Heilbronner Urs , Budde Monika , Kalman Janos L. , Schulte Eva C. , Rietschel Marcella , Witt Stephanie , Forstner Andreas J. , Heilmann-Heimbach Stefanie , Nöthen Markus M. , Spitzer Carsten , Malchow Berend , Müller Thorsten , Wiltfang Jens , Falkai Peter , Schmitt Andrea , Rossner Moritz J. , Nilsson Peter , Schulze Thomas G.
Published: November 2022

The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are based on clinical assessments of symptoms. In this pilot study, we applied high-throughput antibody-based protein profiling to serum samples of healthy controls and individuals with SCZ and BD with the aim of identifying differentially expressed proteins in these disorders. Moreover, we explored the influence of polygenic burden for SCZ and BD on the serum levels of these proteins. Serum samples from 113 individuals with SCZ and 125 with BD from the PsyCourse Study and from 44 healthy controls were analyzed by using a set of 155 antibodies in an antibody-based assay targeting a selected panel of 95 proteins. For the cases, genotyping and imputation were conducted for DNA samples and SCZ and BD polygenic risk scores (PRS) were calculated. Univariate linear and logistic models were used for association analyses. The comparison between SCZ and BD revealed two serum proteins that were significantly elevated in BD after multiple testing adjustment: “complement C9” and “Interleukin 1 Receptor Accessory Protein”. Moreover, the first principal component of variance in the proteomics dataset differed significantly between SCZ and BD. After multiple testing correction, SCZ-PRS, BD-PRS, and SCZ-vs-BD–PRS were not significantly associated with the levels of the individual proteins or the values of the proteome principal components indicating no detectable genetic effects. Overall, our findings contribute to the evidence suggesting that the analysis of circulating proteins could lead to the identification of distinctive biomarkers for SCZ and BD. Our investigation warrants replication in large-scale studies to confirm these findings.