bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Doctrine-Shaped Trait Forgiveness and Relationship Satisfaction in People who Identify as Christians — A Multiple Mediation Analysis
Authors: Behrens Carolin , Kliem Sören , Kröger Christoph
Published: August 2023

Despite increasing attention to the study of forgiveness, little consideration has been imparted to the act of forgiving as a religiously shaped path towards relationship satisfaction. This study examines (1) whether a person’s doctrine-shaped trait forgiveness (DTF) is positively associated with relationship satisfaction; and (2) whether two dimensions of offense-specific forgiveness — benevolence and resentment–avoidance — mediate this association. Using structural equation modeling, we analyzed cross-sectional data of an adult German sample (N = 980), all of whom stated their affiliation to a Christian church. The analysis of the non-mediator model indicated a positive direct path between DTF and relationship satisfaction (β = 0.123). Computing the mediation effects, we found a significant, positive total effect of DTF on relationship satisfaction (β = 0.129). Our findings suggest indirect paths between DTF and relationship satisfaction through resentment–avoidance (β = 0.074) and benevolence (β = 0.021). Neither gender nor denomination effects emerged within the invariance analyses. The results supported the assumption that individuals with a higher level of DTF also experience greater satisfaction in their intimate relationships, by engaging in less resentful and avoidant as well as more benevolent behavior.
Comprehensive Characterization and Global Transcriptome Analysis of Human Fetal Liver Terminal Erythropoiesis
Authors: Han Yongshuai , Wang Shihui , Wang Yaomei , Huang Yumin , Gao Chengjie , Guo Xinhua , Chen Lixiang , Zhao Huizhi , An Xiuli
Published: August 2023

The fetal liver (FL) is the key erythropoietic organ during fetal development, but knowledge on human FL erythropoiesis is very limited. In this study, we sorted primary erythroblasts from FL cells and performed RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses. We found that temporal gene expression patterns reflected changes in function during primary human FL terminal erythropoiesis. Notably, the expression of genes enriched in proteolysis and autophagy was up-regulated in orthochromatic erythroblasts (OrthoEs), suggesting the involvement of these pathways in enucleation. We also performed RNA-seq of in vitro cultured erythroblasts derived from FL CD34+ cells. Comparison of transcriptomes between the primary and cultured erythroblasts revealed significant differences, indicating impacts of the culture system on gene expression. Notably, the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes was increased in cultured erythroblasts. We further immortalized erythroid cell lines from FL and cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells (FL-iEry and CB-iEry, respectively). FL-iEry and CB-iEry were immortalized at the proerythroblast stage and can be induced to differentiate into OrthoEs, but their enucleation ability was very low. Comparison of the transcriptomes between OrthoEs with and without enucleation capability revealed the down-regulation of pathways involved in chromatin organization and mitophagy in OrthoEs without enucleation capacity, indicating that defects in chromatin organization and mitophagy contribute to the inability of OrthoEs to enucleate. Additionally, the expression of HBE1, HBZ, and HBG2 was up-regulated in FL-iEry compared with CB-iEry, and such up-regulation was accompanied by down-regulated expression of BCL11A and up-regulated expression of LIN28B and IGF2BP1. Our study provides new insights into human FL erythropoiesis and rich resources for future studies.
Fake News in America
Authors: DiMaggio Anthony R.
Published: August 2023

The term 'fake news' became a buzzword during Donald Trump's presidency, yet it is a term that means very different things to different people. This pioneering book provides a comprehensive examination of what Americans mean when they talk about fake news in contemporary politics, mass media, and societal discourse, and explores the various factors that contribute to this, such as the power of language, political parties, ideology, media, and socialization. By analysing a range of case studies across war, political corruption, climate change, conspiracy theories, electoral politics, and the Covid-19 pandemic, it demonstrates how fake news is a fundamentally contested phenomenon, and how its meaning varies depending on the person using the term, and the political context. It provides readers with tools to identify, talk about, and resist fake news, and emphasizes a need for education reform with an eye toward promoting critical thinking and information literacy.
Sharp Sobolev regularity of restricted X-ray transforms
Authors: Ko Hyerim , Lee Sanghyuk , Oh Sewook
Published: August 2023

We study $L^p$-Sobolev regularity estimates for the restricted X-ray transforms generated by nondegenerate curves. Making use of the inductive strategy in the recent work by the authors, we establish the sharp $L^p$-regularity estimates for the restricted X-ray transforms in $\mathbb {R}^{d+1}$, $d\ge 3$. This extends the result due to Pramanik and Seeger in $\mathbb {R}^3$.
Quantitative measurement of airborne particles during endoscopic and microscopic ear surgery in the operating room
Authors: Nishiike S , Michiba T , Ito R , Ashida N , Kato H , Kuki A , Ogawa K , Tamura K , Uetsuka S
Published: August 2023

Objective

This study aimed to quantitatively investigate airborne particle load in the operating room during endoscopic or microscopic epitympanectomy or mastoidectomy.

Method

In the transcanal endoscopic ear surgery group, drilling was performed underwater. A particle counter was used to measure the particle load before, during and after drilling during transcanal endoscopic ear surgery or microscopic ear surgery. The device counted the numbers of airborne particles of 0.3, 0.5 or 1.0 μm in diameter.

Results

The particle load during drilling was significantly higher in the microscopic ear surgery group (n = 5) than in the transcanal endoscopic ear surgery group (n = 11) for all particle sizes (p < 0.01). In the transcanal endoscopic ear surgery group, no significant differences among the particle load observed before, during and after drilling were seen for any of the particle sizes.

Conclusion

Bone dissection carries a lower risk of airborne infection if it is performed using the endoscopic underwater drilling technique.
Behavioral mechanism design
Authors: Bowles Samuel
Published: August 2023

The authors make a convincing case that behavioral scientists have mistakenly focused on improving individual decision making and in so doing have deflected attention from necessary changes in the rules of the game – societal institutions and policies – that shape individual decisions. To address this problem a behavioral science of public policy requires rethinking fundamental economic concepts including preferences and incentives.
An inconvenient truth: Difficult problems rarely have easy solutions
Authors: Roberto Christina A.
Published: August 2023

Individual-level interventions are often interesting and easy to implement, but are unfortunately ill-equipped to solve most major global problems (e.g., climate change, financial insecurity, unhealthy eating). Resources spent developing, pursuing, and touting relatively ineffective i-frame interventions draw resources away from the development and implementation of more effective s-frame solutions. Behavioral scientists who want to develop solutions to the world's biggest problems should focus their efforts on s-frame solutions.
On Skinner's pendulum: A framework for assessing s-frame hope
Authors: Lamberton Cait
Published: August 2023

Unsatisfied with the effects of behavioral economics’ i-frame, “technology of behavior,” Chater & Loewenstein call for a pendulum swing back to the s-frame, suggesting that such an approach offers a more hopeful path toward societal well-being. In this commentary, I offer a framework to think about this pendulum swing, as well as the scope – and limits – of this hope.
Real systemic solutions to humanity's problems require a radical reshaping of the global political system
Authors: Edelman Shimon
Published: August 2023

Society's problems cannot be alleviated via mere policy interventions, whether individual- or system-level, when the system is the problem. To bring about true and lasting change to the better, we must replace the present global political-economic system – oligarchic capitalism backed by the power of the state – with one that would let the people take charge of their lives.
Misdiagnosing the problem of why behavioural change interventions fail
Authors: Osman Magda
Published: August 2023

Routes to achieving any sort of meaningful success in the enterprise of behavioural change requires an understanding of the rate of failure, and why failures occur. This commentary shows that there is more to diagnosis of failures than fixating on micro- rather than the macro-level behaviours.
The psychology and policy of overcoming economic inequality
Authors: Ruggeri Kai , Tutuska Olivia Symone , Ladini Giampaolo Abate Romero , Al-Zahli Narjes , Alexander Natalia , Andersen Mathias Houe , Bibilouri Katherine , Chen Jennifer , Doubravová Barbora , Dugué Tatianna , Durrani Aleena Asfa , Dutra Nicholas , Farrokhnia R. A. , Folke Tomas , Ge Suwen , Gomes Christian , Gracheva Aleksandra , Grilc Neža , Gürol Deniz Mısra , Heidenry Zoe , Hu Clara , Krasner Rachel , Levin Romy , Li Justine , Messenger Ashleigh Marie Elizabeth , Nilsson Fredrik , Oberschulte Julia Marie , Obi Takashi , Pan Anastasia , Park Sun Young , Pelica Sofia , Pyrkowski Maksymilian , Rabanal Katherinne , Ranc Pika , Recek Žiga Mekiš , Pascu Daria Stefania , Symeonidou Alexandra , Vdovic Milica , Yuan Qihang , Garcia-Garzon Eduardo , Ashcroft-Jones Sarah
Published: August 2023

Recent arguments claim that behavioral science has focused – to its detriment – on the individual over the system when construing behavioral interventions. In this commentary, we argue that tackling economic inequality using both framings in tandem is invaluable. By studying individuals who have overcome inequality, “positive deviants,” and the system limitations they navigate, we offer potentially greater policy solutions.
Behavioral market design
Authors: Ockenfels Axel
Published: August 2023

When it comes to behavioral change, economic design and behavioral science are complements, not substitutes. Chater & Loewenstein give examples from policy design. In this commentary, I use examples, often from my own research, to show how behavioral insights inform the design of the rules that govern market transactions.
Wise interventions consider the person and the situation together
Authors: Walton Gregory M. , Yeager David S.
Published: August 2023

Chater & Loewenstein (C&L) ignore the long history by which social scientists have developed more nuanced and ultimately more helpful ways to understand the relationship between persons and situations. This tradition is reflected and advanced in a large literature on “wise” social–psychological or mindset interventions, which C&L do not discuss yet mischaracterize.
På, i, for, or til: A comparative analysis of prepositions in the writing of L1 and L2 Danish users
Authors: Kristensen Line Burholt , Sørensen Marie-Louise Lind
Published: August 2023

This corpus study compares the use of Danish prepositions in the writing of L1 users of Danish to that of L2 users of Danish (with English as their L1). It examines to what extent non-standard usage is a specific L2 phenomenon and to what degree the challenges with prepositions are shared between the L1 and L2 group. We analyze the distribution and characteristics of non-standard usage involving four frequent Danish prepositions: til ‘to’, i ‘in’, på ‘on’, and for ‘for’. The results show that L2 texts are characterized by a larger share of non-standard tokens and by confusion of prepositions and non-prepositions. Yet, both L1 texts and L2 texts have non-standard usage and both have possible English calques. Based on the similarities between the two groups, we recommend that future studies include naturally occurring L1 production as a baseline for describing characteristics of L2 production.
The role of interpretation biases and safety behaviours in social anxiety: an intensive longitudinal study
Authors: Prieto-Fidalgo Ángel , Calvete Esther
Published: August 2023

Background:

Interpretation bias and safety behaviours (Safe-B) have been proposed as factors perpetuating social anxiety (SA). However, longitudinal research on how they contribute to SA in everyday life is scarce.

Aim:

The aim was to examine whether interpretation bias predicts daily Safe-B and SA. A mediated moderation was hypothesized, where the relationship between daily social stressors and Safe-B would be moderated by interpretation bias, and Safe-B, in turn, would mediate the association between stressors and SA levels. In addition, it was hypothesized that prior levels of SA would predict higher Safe-B use, especially in co-occurrence with stressors.

Method:

An intensive longitudinal design was employed, with 138 vocational training students (51% men, mean age 20.15 years). They completed initial measures of SA and interpretation bias and 7-day diaries with measures of social stressors, Safe-B, and SA. They reported SA levels two months later.

Results:

Both stressors and interpretation bias in ambiguous situations predicted Safe-B, which in turn predicted daily SA levels. However, neither interpretation bias nor Safe-B predicted SA levels at the follow-up, and interpretation bias did not moderate the association between stressors and daily SA. In addition, the relationship between stressors and Safe-B was stronger in people with higher initial SA levels.

Conclusions:

The results suggest that Safe-B are a mechanism through which earlier SA levels and interpretation bias contribute to higher SA levels in daily life.
Decadal Variability of the Extratropical Response to the Madden–Julian Oscillation
Authors: Skinner Daniel T. , Matthews Adrian J. , Stevens David P.
Published: August 2023

The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the leading mode of sub‐seasonal variability in the tropical atmosphere and is a source of predictability for extratropical weather through its teleconnections. MJO teleconnection patterns can be modulated by the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on seasonal to interannual time scales. However, changes over decadal time scales are less well understood. ERA5 reanalysis data are used to show that the boreal winter MJO teleconnection pattern in the Northern Hemisphere has changed in recent decades in line with changes in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability. Changes are seen in the circulation, temperature and precipitation responses. In particular, from 1997, intraseasonal cold anomalies appear over Europe and the eastern United States due to MJO convection over the western Pacific; these were not present 20 years previously. The decadal variability observed is not the product of aliasing of ENSO modulation of the teleconnection.
Epigenetic regulation in major depression and other stress-related disorders: molecular mechanisms, clinical relevance and therapeutic potential
Authors: Yuan Minlan , Yang Biao , Rothschild Gerson , Mann J. John , Sanford Larry D. , Tang Xiangdong , Huang Canhua , Wang Chuang , Zhang Wei
Published: August 2023

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a chronic, generally episodic and debilitating disease that affects an estimated 300 million people worldwide, but its pathogenesis is poorly understood. The heritability estimate of MDD is 30–40%, suggesting that genetics alone do not account for most of the risk of major depression. Another factor known to associate with MDD involves environmental stressors such as childhood adversity and recent life stress. Recent studies have emerged to show that the biological impact of environmental factors in MDD and other stress-related disorders is mediated by a variety of epigenetic modifications. These epigenetic modification alterations contribute to abnormal neuroendocrine responses, neuroplasticity impairment, neurotransmission and neuroglia dysfunction, which are involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. Furthermore, epigenetic marks have been associated with the diagnosis and treatment of MDD. The evaluation of epigenetic modifications holds promise for further understanding of the heterogeneous etiology and complex phenotypes of MDD, and may identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we review preclinical and clinical epigenetic findings, including DNA methylation, histone modification, noncoding RNA, RNA modification, and chromatin remodeling factor in MDD. In addition, we elaborate on the contribution of these epigenetic mechanisms to the pathological trait variability in depression and discuss how such mechanisms can be exploited for therapeutic purposes.
Spatiotemporal interaction characteristics and transition mechanism of tourism environmental efficiency in China
Authors: Liao Zhenjie , Zhang Lijuan
Published: August 2023

High-quality development is the theme of China’s economic and social development in the new era, and it is also an objective need for tourism development in the 14th Five-Year Plan period. This study presents an investigation of China’s patterns of tourism environmental efficiency from the perspective of spatiotemporal interactions. A nested analytical framework of quantile regression and spatiotemporal leaps was used to explore the driving mechanism patterns of tourism environmental efficiency under different leap types. Based on various spatial analysis methods, we posit that the patterns of tourism environmental efficiency differ through spatial associations, dynamic evolutions, and transition mechanisms. Our results indicate that there is a dynamic convergence trend of the overall differences in tourism environmental efficiency in China from 2000 to 2020 where a significant clustering phenomenon is observed in space and the level of spatial clustering gradually tends to be stable. In terms of local spatial structures and the dependence directions of tourism environmental efficiency, China’s northwest and northeast regions are more volatile, while eastern coastal regions are relatively stable. Spatiotemporal leaps of tourism environmental efficiency show certain transfer inertia with strong spatial dependence or path-locked characteristics, among which most central and western regions always maintain high carbon emission attributes. These regions are the most limited in the synergy of tourism environmental efficiency. The spatiotemporal network patterns of tourism environmental efficiency are mainly based on positive correlations and show strong spatial integration. However, a few neighboring provinces still have a certain degree of spatiotemporal competition. Driving patterns of the spatiotemporal leaps in tourism environmental efficiency among regions differ greatly. The eastern coastal provinces are driven by population-urbanization constraint patterns, and the northwest, southwest, and northeast regions are driven by technology regulation patterns. From the southeast to the northwest, the leap in the environmental efficiency of China's tourism gradually shows a stepwise pattern of "congruent constraint-reverse development-congruent development.” Therefore, the government should not only consider these various driving/constraining factors but also combine different environmentally-efficient tourism clustering types and transition paths to emphasize differentiated environmental tourism measures. This can help avoid the closure of inter-provincial tourism policies through inter-regional synergy.
Amanita Species
Authors: Mittu A. Bharti , Bhat B. Abida , Kaur C. Sandaldeep , Begum D. Zarina , Kaur E. Mahaldeep , Neha E.
Published: August 2023

The fungus kingdom includes a wide variety of mushrooms that are mostly toxic, with some species being edible in nature. The Amanita family, belonging to the kingdom Fungi, contains some beautiful looking fungi. Amanita species are characterized by their pale gills that are free from the stem portion. Identification and characterization of these species is dependent on the nature of their stem base. In this chapter, we will discuss the varieties of Amanita species, with a focus on their characteristic features and medicinal importance.
Craterellus cornucopioides (L.)/Craterellus odoratus (Schwein.) Fr. (Black Chanterelle)
Authors: Tridip Boruah A. , Prastuti Parashar B. , Debasish Das C. , Himashri Devi D. , Abhinob Kr Nath E. , Aparna Barman F. , Hangsha Barman G.
Published: August 2023

Edible mushrooms are very few in number and only a handful of these mushrooms are popular among local communities in various parts of the world. Craterellus cornucopioides is one such type of mushroom that was first named and described by Linnaeus in 1753 and is often known in English as the “black trumpet” or in French as the “trompette de la mort”. Apart from high nutritional value in terms of protein, carbohydrates and fats, Craterellus cornucopioides has proven anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, immunomodulating, antiallergic, cardiovascular, antiviral, anticholesterolemic, antiparasitic, antibacterial, and antifungal properties. Due to the lack of knowledge pertaining to its cultivation, cooking methods, harvesting, storage and processing, it is not garnering the interest of the general public it deserves. This chapter presents the proven scientific knowledge regarding the taxonomy, characteristics, resource availability, medicinal uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, cultivation, conservation, toxicity parameters, trade, and storage related issues of Craterellus cornucopioides to provide initial direction for anyone who is fascinated by wild edible mushrooms to carry out further extensive research in this relatively less explored field of study.
Stropharia rugosoannulata Farlow ex Murrill (Wine Cap Stropharia or Garden Giant)
Authors: Dulta Kanika , Khongthaw Banlambhabok , Singh Somvir , Thakur Arti , Ağçeli Gözde Koşarsoy , Thakur Keshav
Published: August 2023

Mushrooms are valuable resources for food, medicine, and nutraceuticals. The wine-cap Stropharia (Stropharia rugosoannulata Farlow ex. Murrill) is one of the most recent non-mycorrhizal mushroom species to be domesticated. Flavonoids, vitamins, minerals, polysaccharides, sterols, and lectins are all found in Stropharia rugosoannulata. This mushroom has been reported to have antidiabetic, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, anticancer, immunomodulatory, and osteoclast formation-inhibiting characteristics. This chapter aims to provide readers with a thorough knowledge of commercially farmed, wild edible, and medicinal mushrooms, as well as detailed information on their phytochemical content and qualities as medicine and food for future use. A discussion is also provided of the future outlook, as well as the challenges associated with the cultivation and processing of these medicinal mushrooms as a functional food.
Termitomyces clypeatus and Termitomyces heimii
Authors: Sharma Akshya , Sharma Varuna , giri Arup , kumar Nitish , Bhardwaj Pushpender
Published: August 2023

Termitomyces, a wild type of mushroom fed on by termites, shows a strong symbiotic association with termites both under and above ground. Their fruiting bodies (termatorium), digestive enzymes and secreted vitamins of Termitomyces serve as a food source to hosts. Globally, among 30 genetically diverse Termitomyces species, Termitomyces heimii and Termitomyces clypeatus, have been characterized based on their vast heterogenous phylogeny, morphological traits, habitat and phenotypical appearance, such as the shape of their perforatorium, stipe length (cm), pileus length, margin and color of fruiting body, gills, flesh, annulus, pseudorrhiza and spore print. Moreover, Termitomyces also contain novel bioactive compounds shown to have therapeutic antioxidant, immunomodulator, anti-rheumatic, antitumor, antimicrobial and neuromodulator properties. Therefore, Termitomyces have long been extensively used as human food and medicine. Thus, reports on these species serve as a baseline study to gather more information and aid their cultivation and benefit sustainable economic development of this area.
Modulating the oxygen evolution reaction activity of SrIrO3/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 catalysts using electric-field polarization
Authors: Meng Anxin , Ding Jiabao , Luo Caiqin , Qin Mian , Zhang Weifeng
Published: August 2023

The effect of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 substrate polarization on the oxygen evolution activity of SrIrO3 thin films was studied.
Assessment of location and energy utility options for the implementation of pyrolytic biocrude production
Authors: Dutta Abhijit , Talmadge Michael S. , Tan Eric C. D. , Schaidle Joshua A.
Published: August 2023

Improve overall economics and sustainability of biofuels production by making the best use of byproducts from biomass pyrolytic processes towards energy utilities by leveraging locational consumers and available infrastructure.
Statistical Information Affects Spoken Word Recognition of Tone Languages in Stutterers: Evidence From an Auditory-Perceptual Gating Study
Authors: Zhu Jiaqiang , Shao Jing , Zhang Caicai , Chen Fei , Wiener Seth
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Previous studies have shown that individuals who stutter exhibit abnormal speech perception in addition to disfluent production as compared with their nonstuttering peers. This study investigated whether adult Chinese-speaking stutterers are still able to use knowledge of statistical regularities embedded in their native language to recognize spoken words and, if so, how much acoustic information is needed to trigger this information.

Method:

Seventeen stutterers and 20 typical, nonstuttering controls participated in a gating experiment. All participants listened to monosyllabic words that consisted of syllables and lexical tones and were segmented into eight successive gates. These words differed in syllable token frequency and syllable–tone co-occurrence probability in line with a Chinese spoken word corpus. The correct syllable-only, correct tone-only, correct syllable–tone word, and correct syllable–incorrect tone responses were analyzed between the two groups using mixed-effects models.

Results:

Stutterers were less accurate overall than controls, with fewer correct syllables, tones, and their combination as words. However, stutterers showed consistent and reliable perceptual patterns triggered by statistical information of speech, as reflected by more accurate responses to high-frequency syllables, high-probability tones, and tone errors all in manners similar to those of nonstuttering controls.

Conclusions:

Stutterers' atypical speech perception is not due to a lack of statistical learning. Stutterers were able to perceive spoken words with phonological tones based on statistical regularities embedded in their native speech. This finding echoes previous production studies of stuttering and lends some support for a link between perception and production. Implications of pathological, diagnostic, and therapeutic conditions of stuttering are discussed.
Linking ice and gas in the Coronet cluster in Corona Australis
Authors: Perotti G. , Jørgensen J. K. , Rocha W. R. M. , Plunkett A. , Artur de la Villarmois E. , Kristensen L. E. , Sewiło M. , Bjerkeli P. , Fraser H. J. , Charnley S. B.
Published: August 2023

Context. During the journey from the cloud to the disc, the chemical composition of the protostellar envelope material can be either preserved or processed to varying degrees depending on the surrounding physical environment.

Aims. This works aims to constrain the interplay of solid (ice) and gaseous methanol (CH3OH) in the outer regions of protostellar envelopes located in the Coronet cluster in Corona Australis (CrA), and assess the importance of irradiation by the Herbig Ae/Be star R CrA. CH3OH is a prime test case as it predominantly forms as a consequence of the solid-gas interplay (hydrogenation of condensed CO molecules onto the grain surfaces) and it plays an important role in future complex molecular processing.

Methods. We present 1.3 mm Submillimeter Array (SMA) and Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) observations towards the envelopes of four low-mass protostars in the Coronet cluster. Eighteen molecular transitions of seven species were identified. We calculated CH3OH gas-to-ice ratios in this strongly irradiated cluster and compared them with ratios determined towards protostars located in less irradiated regions such as Serpens SVS 4 in Serpens Main and the Barnard 35A cloud in the λ Orionis region. Results. The CH3OH gas-to-ice ratios in the Coronet cluster vary by one order of magnitude (from 1.2 × 10−4 to 3.1 × 10−3) which is similar to less irradiated regions as found in previous studies. We find that the CH3OH gas-to-ice ratios estimated in these three regions are remarkably similar despite the different UV radiation field intensities and formation histories.

Conclusions. This result suggests that the overall CH3OH chemistry in the outer regions of low-mass envelopes is relatively independent of variations in the physical conditions and hence that it is set during the prestellar stage.
Brightness and mass accretion rate evolution during the 2022 burst of EX Lupi
Authors: Cruz-Sáenz de Miera F. , Kóspál Á. , Abrahám P. , Claes R. A. B. , Manara C. F. , Wendeborn J. , Fiorellino E. , Giannini T. , Nisini B. , Sicilia-Aguilar A. , Campbell-White J. , Alcalá J. M. , Banzatti A. , Szabó Zs. M. , Lykou F. , Antoniucci S. , Varga J. , Siwak M. , Park S. , Nagy Zs. , Kun M.
Published: August 2023

Context. EX Lupi is the prototype by which EXor-type outbursts have been defined. It has experienced multiple accretion-related bursts and outbursts throughout the past decades, and the study of these events has greatly extended our knowledge about their effects. Notably, this star experienced a new burst in 2022.

Aims. We aim to investigate whether the recent brightening was caused by temporarily increased accretion or by a brief decrease in the extinction and study the evolution of the EX Lupi system throughout this event.

Methods. We used multi-band photometry to create color-color and color-magnitude diagrams to exclude the possibility that the brightening could be explained by a decrease in extinction. We obtained spectra using the X-shooter instrument of the Very Large Telescope (VLT) to determine the Lacc and Ṁacc during the peak of the burst and after its return to quiescence using two different methods: empirical relationships between line luminosity and Lacc, and a slab model of the whole spectrum. We examined the 130-yr light curve of EX Lupi to provide statistics on the number of outbursts experienced during this period of time.

Results. Our analysis of the data taken during the 2022 burst confirmed that a change in extinction is not responsible for the brightening. Our two approaches in calculating the Ṁacc were in agreement and resulted in values that are two orders of magnitude above what had previously been estimated for EX Lupi using only a couple of individual emission lines, thus suggesting that EX Lupi is a strong accretor even when in quiescence. We determined that in 2022 March, the Ṁacc increased by a factor of seven with respect to the quiescent level. We also found hints that even though the Ṁacc had returned to near pre-outburst levels, certain physical properties of the gas (i.e., temperature and density) had not returned to the quiescent values.

Conclusions. We found that the mass accreted during this three-month event was 0.8 lunar masses, which is approximately half of what is accreted during a year of quiescence. We calculated that if EX Lupi remains as active as it has been for the past 130 yr, during which it has experienced at least three outbursts and ten bursts, then it will deplete the mass of its circumstellar material in less than 160 000 yr.
On basis set optimisation in quantum chemistry
Authors: Cancès Eric , Dusson Geneviève , Kemlin Gaspard , Vidal Laurent
Published: August 2023

In this article, we propose general criteria to construct optimal atomic centered basis sets in quantum chemistry. We focus in particular on two criteria, one based on the ground-state one-body density matrix of the system and the other based on the ground-state energy. The performance of these two criteria are then numerically tested and compared on a parametrized eigenvalue problem, which corresponds to a one-dimensional toy version of the ground-state dissociation of a diatomic molecule.
Behavioral Biases Affecting Decision-Making in the Financial Market
Authors: Outouzzalt Ahmed , Elouidani Rania , El Moutaouakil Loutfi , Fettahi Ithri
Published: August 2023

For decades, the advent of behavioural finance has challenged market finance theories. The latter has been the subject of many criticisms from advocates of behavioral finance especially with regard to the rationality of investors. Indeed, recent studies have shown that investors are subject to bias arising from their own daily behaviour, which can distort their investment decisions. This article is intended to be a study of the different behavioural factors affecting decision-making among retail investors. The analysis of the data was carried out on a sample of 100 Moroccan individual investors. The results enabled a number of factors to be obtained which significantly influenced both the investment intention and the equity market participation. Thus, the financial expectations variable, overconfidence and financial literacy represented significant relationships with the intention to invest, while the financial situation, financial self-efficacy and investment intent significantly affect the equity market participation variable. Moreover, the study rejected the hypothesis that there was a mediating effect of the intention to invest between all the variables taken separately and the variable participation in the stock market.
Pain in older adults with dementia: Brazilian validation of Pain Intensity Measure for Persons with Dementia (PIMD)
Authors: Foraciepe Mariana , Silva Ana Elisa V. F. , Fares Thais G. , Santos Fânia Cristina
Published: August 2023

Background Although there are several ways to assess pain in dementia, there is still a need for tools with better items to assess the presence of pain intensity in these individuals.

Objective To validate to Brazilian version of the “Pain Intensity Measure for Persons with Dementia – PIMD-p.

Methods Older adults, all demented with impaired verbal communication and exposed to potentially painful situations, were selected from an outpatient clinic and long-term care facility (LTCF). The PIMD-p was applied independently by 2 researchers (E1 and E2) on the same day. Within 14 days, the instrument was reapplied by one of the 2 researchers (E3). The pain intensity reported by participants' caregivers and LTCF nurses were recorded on a verbal numeric pain scale. For the statistical analysis, Cronbach's Alpha, Spearman's Coefficient and intraclass correlation Index were calculated.

Results A total of 50 older individuals were selected (mean age 86 years), majority with musculoskeletal pain. The PIMD-p demonstrated good internal consistency according to Cronbach's α (0.838), excellent intra and interobserver reproducibility (0.927 and 0.970, respectively; p < 0.001), and convergent validity (strong significant correlations between reported pain intensities and pain indicators on the PIMD-p (except for expressive eyes; corr = 0.106 and p = 0.462). A ROC curve was plotted to determine the best cut-off for the PIMD-P, and a score of 7.5 predicted moderate-to-severe pain, with 77.8% sensitivity and 95.7% specificity (p < 0.001).

Conclusion The PIMD-p showed satisfactory psychometric properties for measuring intensity of pain in demented older adults with impaired verbal communication.
Ammonia sensor detects volatile compounds at room temperatures
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: August 2023

The sensor makes it easier to detect the poisonous gas and could be used for industrial, agricultural, and medical applications.
Low operating temperature and highly selective NH3 chemiresistive gas sensors based on a novel 2D Ti3C2Tx/ZnO composite with p–n heterojunction
Authors: Yao Lijia , Tian Xu , Cui Xiuxiu , Zhao Rongjun , Chen Ting , Xiao Xuechun , Wang Yude
Published: August 2023

Ammonia monitoring in our daily life is significant. In this work, Ti3C2Tx/ZnO materials were prepared by hydrothermal method. The results of XRD, SEM, TEM, and XPS analyses demonstrated the successful preparation of the Ti3C2Tx/ZnO composite. Ti3C2Tx/ZnO (3:1) material exhibited the best morphology as ZnO grows evenly on it as ultrathin nanosheets. The gas sensing performance of Ti3C2Tx, ZnO, and Ti3C2Tx/ZnO (1:1, 2:1, 3:1, and 5:1) materials were studied. The Ti3C2Tx/ZnO (3:1) sensor has an excellent response to 50 ppm ammonia at a low operating temperature (∼28 °C), and the value of response is 196%, which is the highest response in this work. Furthermore, it was found that Ti3C2Tx/ZnO (3:1) detects ammonia selectively against other volatile organic compounds at a low operating temperature (∼28 °C). The actual lowest detection ability was measured at 1 ppm, and the corresponding response is 14%. The ultra-thin ZnO nanosheets on the Ti3C2Tx MXene and the p–n heterojunctions in Ti3C2Tx/ZnO (3:1) are designed to achieve better ammonia sensing performance. This paper provided a route to enhance the p-type characteristic of Ti3C2Tx MXene, which is meaningful to Ti3C2Tx MXene application at a low operating temperature in the future.
Metasurface for broadband coherent Raman signal enhancement beyond the single-molecule detection threshold
Authors: Izadshenas Saeid , Słowik Karolina
Published: August 2023

Broadband enhancement of Raman signals is vital for molecular spectroscopy and sensing applications. However, typically, there is a compromise between the resonance width and the local field enhancement factors. Here, we merge the broadband open plasmonic cavity concepts with the geometry exploiting narrow gaps and a reflecting layer. This results in a metasurface design that maintains substantial electric field confinement in the gap volume accompanied by a broad spectral response. The confined field is enhanced through constructive interference between the plasmonically enhanced illuminating beam and the field reflected at the bottom layer. The resulting field can interact with analyte molecules and support Raman scattering. With an optimized metasurface geometry involving a pair of gold nanodisks and a thin gold film, we demonstrate numerically that our metasurface can simultaneously enhance Raman signals from various molecular species, potentially resulting in unprecedented signal intensities enhanced by up to 20 orders of magnitude, facilitating molecular detection and identification. Our design offers a practical and promising solution for improving the sensitivity of Raman techniques and has significant implications for the field of nonlinear optical spectroscopy. Moreover, our metasurface is compatible with current fabrication technologies, making it suitable for various applications in sensing and imaging.
Evaluation of seasonal teleconnections to remote drivers of Australian rainfall in CMIP5 and CMIP6 models
Authors: Chung Christine , Boschat Ghyslaine , Taschetto Andréa , Narsey Sugata , McGregor Shayne , Santoso Agus , Delage François
Published: August 2023

This study describes how coupled climate models participating in the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) simulate the primary climate drivers that affect Australian climate, and their seasonal relationship to Australian rainfall, namely the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). As results from the earlier generation of models (CMIP5) are still in use, the CMIP6 multi-model mean teleconnections between climate drivers and seasonal Australian rainfall are compared to CMIP5. Collectively, an improvement is found in CMIP6 relative to CMIP5 in the representation of the relationship between ENSO and IOD events and Australia’s springtime rainfall. Overall, CMIP6 models are also able to reproduce the asymmetric relationship between ENSO and eastern Australian rainfall, which exhibits a more robust signal during La Niña than during El Niño years. Both CMIP5 and CMIP6 models are also generally able to capture the stronger relationship between Central Pacific La Niñas, compared to Eastern Pacific La Niñas. However, the large spread in model-to-model behaviour, and among ensemble members, remains a source of uncertainty. Although CMIP6 models have improved in their representation of SAM variability, the simulated relationship between SAM and Australian rainfall has not materially improved. Additionally, this study is accompanied by an extensive Appendix in which each model’s ENSO, IOD and SAM seasonal teleconnection patterns to rainfall are presented and ranked.
Absorption enhancement of ultra-thin film Solar Cell using Fabry-Perot and plasmonic modes
Authors: Eskandari Mohammad , Shamsi Alireza
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we investigate the photonic and plasmonic modes in order to enhance the absorption of ultrathin film Si Solar Cells. The simulations based on FEM show that these mechanisms enhance the absorption of the cell significantly. In order to investigate the plasmonic effects and use the amazing optical properties of localized surface plasmons (LSPs), multiple Au nanoparticles (NPs) with different radii have been used on the front surface of the Cell. Simulations show that the use of Au NPs with radii of 25, 50, and 75 nm simultaneously on the front surface of the Cell, increases the absorption dramatically. It is observed that multiple Au NPs with configuration illustrated in Case 5, enhance the absorption significantly due to the excitation of the multiple plasmonic modes in UV and Visible regions. In order to enhance the absorption in near-IR, we use Cu NPs on the backside of the cell. The highest average absorption of 84.7%, short-circuit current density of 36.7 (mA/cm2), and efficiency of 30.1% is achieved, with an increase of 177.7%, 178%, and 178.7% compared to Case 1, respectively. These methods promise the performance improvement of ultra-thin film solar cells and increase their application potential in Solar energy harvesting.
Design of self-coupled plasmonic hyperbolic metamaterials refractive index sensor based on intensity shift
Authors: Zhang Jinyan , Wang Tao , Yan Ruoqin , Wang Huimin , Yue Xinzhao , Wang Lu , Wang Yuandong , Yuan Xuyang , Wang Jian
Published: August 2023

Achieving efficient, accurate, label-free, and real-time biodetection is urgently required; hence, we propose a miniaturized, easily integrated, high-sensitivity plasmonic metamaterial light intensity refractive index sensor. The main structure of the sensor is layered hyperbolic metamaterial grating comprises eight pairs of Au/Al2O3 thin film, and the highly sensitive bulk plasmon polaritons can be effectively excited inside by the self-coupled effect without external prism or nanograting. The periodic fishnet arrays built in the layered HMM structure can not only be used as nanograting to achieve efficient coupling between incident light and layered HMM, but also increase the volume of the sensing, and the measured substance can get full interaction with the enhancement field to obtain high sensitivity. By detecting the change of reflected optical intensity with the ambient refractive index, the sensor exhibits intensity sensitivity of 36 RIU−1 (refractive index unit) and figure of merit of 403; moreover, the full width at half maximum of resonant peak is low at 5 nm. The sensing performances indicate that the sensor we designed has a significant potential to achieve portable, highly sensitive sensing platforms for precise detection.
Comparing interatomic potentials in calculating basic structural parameters and Peierls stress in tungsten-based random binary alloys
Authors: Mamun Abdullah Al , Xu Shuozhi , Li Xiang-Guo , Su Yanqing
Published: August 2023

The field of machine learning-based interatomic potentials (ML-IAPs) has seen increasing development in recent years. In this work, we compare three widely used ML-IAPs–the moment tensor potential (MTP), the spectral neighbor analysis potential (SNAP), and the tabulated Gaussian approximation potential (tabGAP)with a conventional non-ML-IAP, the embedded atom method (EAM) potential. We evaluated these potentials on the basis of their accuracy and efficiency in determining basic structural parameters and Peierls stress under equivalent conditions. Three tungsten (W)-based alloys (Mo-W, Nb-W, and Ta-W) are considered, and their lattice parameter, formation energy, elastic tensor, and Peierls stress of edge dislocation are calculated. Compared with DFT results, MTP demonstrates the highest accuracy in predicting the lattice parameter and the best computational efficiency among the three ML-IAPs, while tabGAP accurately predicts two independent elastic constants, C
11 and C
12. Despite being the slowest, SNAP shows the highest accuracy in predicting the third independent elastic constant C
44 and its Peierls stress value is comparable to that based on MTP.
Galileon inflation evades the no-go for PBH formation in the single-field framework
Authors: Choudhury Sayantan , Panda Sudhakar , Sami M.
Published: August 2023

We consider Galileon inflation in the Effective Field Theory (EFT) framework and examine the possibility for PBH formation during slow roll (SR) to ultra slow roll (USR) transitions. We show that loop corrections to the power spectrum, in this case, do not impose additional constraints on the masses of PBHs produced. We indicate that the remarkable non-renormalization property of Galileans due to generalized shift symmetry dubbed as Galilean symmetry is responsible for protecting PBH formation from quantum loop corrections.
Recent progress in hole-transporting materials and inkjet-printing QLEDs
Authors: Xie Liming , Su Wenming
Published: August 2023

Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have attracted a great deal of interests due to their unique advantages such as tunable spectrum, high color saturation, compatibility with low-cost inkjet-printing (IJP) technology and potential for use in large-area full-color pixelated display. To date, the efficiency and lifetime of red, green, and blue QLEDs have been significantly improved, in which hole-transporting materials (HTMs) play the key role in determining the device performance. In this review, we highlight to summarize the diverse types of HTMs in QLEDs, including small-organic materials, polymers, crosslinkable materials and inorganic p-type semiconductors, and their properties such as charge carrier mobility, thermal stability, and structural configuration are also reviewed. The significant effects of these properties on device performances are discussed, which would help to understand device physics and improve their performances and reliability of QLEDs. In addition, the development of IJP for QLEDs fabrication and the influence factors of IJP on quantum dot film-forming property are also reviewed, in an effort to provide guidance to continue the advancement of QLED displays.
Comparing the spectrum of Schrödinger operators on quantum graphs
Authors: Bifulco Patrizio , Kerner Joachim
Published: August 2023

We study Schrödinger operators on compact finite metric graphs subject to

δ
\delta

-coupling and standard boundary conditions. We compare the

n
n

-th eigenvalues of those self-adjoint realizations and derive an asymptotic result for the mean value of deviations. By doing this, we generalize recent results from Rudnick et al. [Comm. Math. Phys. 388 (2021), pp. 1603–1635] obtained for domains in

R

2

\mathbb {R}^2

to the setting of quantum graphs. This also leads to a generalization of related results previously and independently obtained by Sofer [Spectral curves of quantum graphs with

δ
s

\delta _s

type vertex conditions, arXiv:2212.09143, 2022] and Band et al. [Differences between Robin and Neumann eigenvalues on metric graphs, arXiv:2212.12531, 2022] for metric graphs. In addition, based on our main result, we introduce some surface measures for a (quantum) graph which might prove useful in the future.