bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
It's Not a Simulation, It's Real!
Authors: Kollar Judy
Published: May 2016

The English section of the federal government's Advanced Language Training Program puts andragogy into action. One way is an authentic weekly review and planning meeting, in which francophone managers and professionals practise all four language skills while participating in the management of their own learning. This paper describes the meeting in terms of related andragogical and language learning aspects.
Developing Reading Material for Advanced ESL Learners
Authors: Seright Linda , Thompson Joan
Published: May 2016

Many intermediate and advanced ESL learners, adults particularly, have specific needs in reading, needs which existing instructional materials do not properly address. This paper discusses a curriculum development project undertaken by teachers dissatisfied with the program used for teaching reading in an advanced level ESL course. Certain inadequacies were recognized in the program. Selections were not representative of material students would be likely to read, and exercises dealt only marginally with reading skills. The steps taken by teachers resulted in a major re-orientation to reading instruction. Based on findings yielded by a survey of learners and a study of recent literature, instructional objectives were established in two areas: a) skills to be developed and b) text-types to be presented. Following that, texts were selected, and skill-oriented exercises were developed. After classroom trials, the materials were implemented in the advanced course as a new reading program, and a system for ongoing revision was organized. In describing developmental procedures and sample materials, this paper provides working guidelines for handling problems relating to the teaching of reading.
The Literate Bias of Clasrooms: Helping the ESL Learner
Authors: Mangubhai Francis
Published: May 2016

It has been argued recently that the language of the classroom is more decontextualized ("bookish" language) than the language of normal, everyday conversation. Those children who have had an early exposure to bookish language are better equipped, it seems, to handle the language of the school. For the ESL learners the problems are two-fold: they have to learn a new language and they have to learn the language of school. In order to bridge the gap between the home language and the language of the school, an experiment in which reading materials were introduced into a print-deficient environment will be discussed. The results of this experiment indicate that the provision of books and regular reading in the school curriculum not only improves proficiency in the second language but also has a positive effect on academic achievement in other subjects.
What Do ESL Students Need to Learn about Reading?
Authors: Esling John , Downing John
Published: May 2016

The article examines the cognitive prerequisites for the acquisition of reading skills and identifies two kinds of conceptual representations of language activities: functional concepts and technical concepts. In addition, specific reference is made to ESL students and reading in order to point out what they should know about reading and what their instructors should determine before working with them on reading.
Assessing the Suitability of Reading Materials for ESL Students
Authors: Heatherington Anne
Published: May 2016

The paper begins with an examination of the criteria by which first and second language reading texts have traditionally been graded, criteria which focus primarily on the linguistic characteristics of a text. It is proposed that if reading is viewed as interaction between a text and a reader, there are other variables to consider, those related to the reader side of the process: the readers' interests, background knowledge and purposes for reading. Within this interactive framework and after the reader variables have been considered, the subject matter, format, organization and discourse and linguistic variables of a text can be assessed. Implications of recent research in these areas are discussed. In conclusion, a set of guidelines is proposed for assessing the suitability of both graded and ungraded texts for ESL students.
Cultures in Contact: Using Classroom Microcomputers for Cultural Interchange and Reinforcement
Authors: Cummins Jim
Published: May 2016

This article explores a number of ways in which microcomputers may be used in classrooms, both to enhance academic skills and to provide opportunities for communication with groups of students in other cultural contexts.
Social Behaviours of Children in a Multicultural Preschool
Authors: Dixon Glen , Fraser Susan
Published: May 2016

This paper describes social behaviours of preschool children in relation to second language development, observed in a multicultural preschool program in Vancouver, B.C. Social behaviours arising from planned curriculum activities and teacher strategies which fostered the use of English were monitored in several play areas of the classroom. Examples are given of behaviours observed early in the year, as well as early stages of cooperative and sociodramatic play. Cultural adjustment of children is discussed as the program takes them from the familiar single-culture home situation to the multicultural classroom where customs and festivals of several cultures are included in the curriculum. Finally, observed individual differences in learning English are discussed and further research currently being carried out on the project is presented.
Evaluating English as a Second Language: A Naturalistic Model
Authors: Barrington Gail V.
Published: May 2016

The article describes a program evaluation study of a special English as a Second Language program conducted by the Calgary Board of Education entitled CORE-ESL. This program was developed to meet the needs of a group of 18 to 21 year olds with a severe gap in their schooling due to political upheaval and war. The program was funded for a one-year period by a local foundation which requested that an external evaluation be conducted. The study was designed as a naturalistic model involving five stages of data collection and participant involvement. These five stages are described and study recommendations and outcomes are outlined. A composite student profile, developed in the study, is appended to the article.
Talk-Write in the Composing Process: From Prewriting to Writing
Authors: Ling Sue
Published: May 2016

This section presents descriptions of teaching techniques or practical classroom activities.
Some Thoughts on Practice, Policy, Theory, and Research in Language Teaching: A Conversation with H.H. Stern
Authors: Cumming Alister
Published: May 2016

This section features: (I) reactions of readers to articles and reviews published in the Journal and the replies of authors to whom the comments are addressed (if forthcoming) and (2) viewpoints and opinions expressed in the form of a report, commentary, or interview on issues or topics of current interest.
For Teachers of Canadian Content
Authors: Munro Murray , Derwing Tracey
Published: May 2016

This section features: (I) reactions of readers to articles and reviews published in the Journal and the replies of authors to whom the comments are addressed (if forthcoming) and (2) viewpoints and opinions expressed in the form of a report, commentary, or interview on issues or topics of current interest.
The Extroverted Vs. the Introverted Personality and Second Language Learning
Authors: Kezwer Paula
Published: May 2016

There have been a number of studies done to try to explain the effects of out goingness versus reservedness on second language learning. The results of these studies have often been contradictory with some showing a clear correlation between extroversion and success in learning a second language, others failing to demonstrate that there is a positive correlation between out goingness and second language proficiency. This paper presents a survey of all the major studies dealing with the influence of extroversion on second language learning. It is argued that among the reasons for the discrepancies in research results are the wide variety and dubious validity of the personality assessment instruments used; the nature of the tasks used to determine second language proficiency; and the structure of classroom interaction. The implications of extroversion and introversion for classroom teaching are also considered.
Training for Independence in Learning
Authors: Sawkins Maureen
Published: May 2016

If English as a Second Language students are going to compete with native speakers for jobs and in educational programs, they need to know how to help themselves learn more effectively. Helping students in "how to learn" requires the teachers to show leadership in training them to become good language learners. Learner training is advocated to help them maximize their learning opportunities both inside and outside the classroom, and prepare them for continued learning on their own after their language course is over. This article suggests some basic principles in implementing learner training, areas students most need help with in becoming more independent, and some materials and activities which can foster the strategies needed.
Stand Up! Sit Down! Talk! Talk! Talk!
Authors: Cunningham Joyce
Published: May 2016

This section presents descriptions of teaching techniques or practical classroom activities.
Manipulating and Complementing Content Teaching To Maximize Second Language Learning
Authors: Swain Merrill
Published: May 2016

Much current discussion about communicative language teaching incorporates the notion that second language learning will be enhanced through its integration with content learning. This paper argues that not all content teaching is necessarily good language teaching, and suggests some ways in which content teaching might be organized to enhance second language learning.
Listening in a Second Language: Hermeneutics and Inner Speech
Authors: Murphy John M.
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this article is to broaden the current theoretical basis for describing listening as a dynamically interpretive language process by reviewing two areas in the literatures on comprehension and interpretation that generally are not cited by writers interested in the listening process. These complementary theoretical traditions lend support to the more familiar characterizations of listening as an active language process that have emerged from the basic tenets of cognitive science. Within the cognitive framework it is widely acknowledged that listeners engage in the use of deliberate, as well as automatic, strategies for listening. By introducing less familiar themes that actually reinforce cognitive descriptions, it is hoped that the research literature into the second language (L2) listening process will be enriched. The philosophical tradition of 'hermeneutics', and a description of internal mental processes known as 'inner speech', are two specific areas of the literature that are discussed. Following an explication of the underlying processes that underpin these theoretical traditions, a pedagogical model is proposed for the teaching of academic listening skills in the L2 classroom.
Error Correction and the Improvement of Language Form
Authors: Woods Devon
Published: May 2016

This article discusses some of the complexities inherent in teachers' practices of correcting second language students' spoken and written errors. It then discusses some alternatives to error correction, as a means of improving students' language form.
Reading for Independence
Authors: Fraser Carol A.
Published: May 2016

Reading authentic texts, especially those associated with their subject-matter courses, poses continuing difficulty for ESL university students. One way to help these students develop efficient, independent reading skills is to develop their strategic competence. This article outlines a direct teaching approach which aims to teach students to efficiently and effectively apply their knowledge of the English language and of good reading behaviour to the second language reading task. In this approach, students are introduced to procedures that require them to apply language and skill knowledge to solve such second language reading problems as unfamiliar words or an inflexible reading style. Through the experience of using these procedures, it is hypothesized that students will develop their own routines for making effective use of the knowledge sources available.
Intensive ESL Programmes in Quebec Primary Schools
Authors: Spada Nina , Lightbown Patsy M.
Published: May 2016

This paper is a report on a study designed to investigate the second language development of francophone children in experimental intensive ESL programmes in Quebec primary schools. Classroom interaction patterns and learners' contact with and attitudes toward English were also investigated. Learners in the intensive programmes were compared with learners in regular ESL programmes at the same grade level, as well as with learners who had received a comparable number of hours of instruction spread over a longer period of time. The results indicated that the intensive programme learners outperformed both comparison groups on tests of listening and reading comprehension and in oral fluency. In addition, although both regular and intensive programme learners were found to have very little contact with English prior to instruction, the intensive programme learners indicated somewhat greater contact after instruction. They also held more positive attitudes toward English than did the regular programme learners.
Introduction of Communicative Language Teaching in Tourism in Cuba
Authors: Valdes Antonio Irizar , Jhones Ada Chiappy
Published: May 2016

In the early 80's, ideas of the communicative approach filtered through to Cuba, but in no way are these ideas widely used in language teaching in the country today. The importance of the tourism industry to Cuba over the past few years has resulted in a careful examination of language teaching for workers in the industry. As a result of this analysis, an experimental programme based on the ideas of the communicative approach was implemented at the Centre for Studies in Tourism in Havana in September 1987. A description of this programme will be presented. Special emphasis will be given to the difficulties encountered by teachers in a foreign language setting who had been previously used to teaching prescribed, teacher-centred, structural methods. One of the other experimental features of this programme was the incorporation of a Canadian focus into the teaching of English in tourism, in an attempt to move away from the consideration of the U.S. and Great Britain as the only sources of English language content and social context. Attempts to extend this type of programme to all sectors of tourism will also be described.
The Role and Value of Graphic Representation of Knowledge Structures in ESL Student Learning: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Tang Gloria M.
Published: May 2016

This article reports an ethnographic study of two multicultural seventh grade classes. It was designed to explore the role and value of graphic representation of knowledge structures in ESL student learning, based on a specific definition and categorization of knowledge structures (Mohan 1986). Findings revealed that students were exposed to, and interacted with, a quantity of graphics in curriculum and instruction. However, whether, and how, students used graphics to facilitate learning depended to a large extent on the guidance they received. Without teacher guidance, students could not successfully extract information from graphics, or use graphics to represent knowledge, or recognize graphics as an alternative way of communicating knowledge. They perceived the function of graphics to be decorative, and their general attitude towards graphics was negative. With explicit teacher guidance, however, students were more likely to take advantage of graphic representation of knowledge structures to facilitate learning.
Making and Using Slides in the ESL Classroom
Authors: Cunningham Joyce
Published: May 2016

Posters are expensive, guest speakers rare and photos limited to those few students within eye range. The use of slides can present a welcome solution to teachers and students alike. They provide an interesting variation from classroom routine and cognitiveoriented exercises. The colourful visual element of slides encourages the imagination and distances students from too great a dependency on the written word. Slides can supplement intensive and evening ESL programmes and can be used to teach a variety of themes, everyday subjects and specific structures. This article is aimed especially at the high Beginner and low Intermediate level learners and should be of interest to instructors ranging from the secondary to adult education departments. Techniques encompassing the four skills are outlined. Finally, the possibility of using teacher or student-made slides generated by special projects is considered.
From Caterpillar to Butterfly: Using Modern Technology with the Current Paradigm of ELS Instruction
Authors: Murphy John
Published: May 2016

Since the introduction of language laboratories within programs of second language (L2) instruction in the 1960s, an ebb and flow of interest in the use of modern technologies has been matched by shifts in L2 learning theory. Recent advances in technology once again are prompting increased attention to the role technological resources play in L2 instructional settings. When viewed from the perspective of the 1990s, the early use of language laboratories seems an example of a technological innovation that was ahead of its time. The problems of the past were not due to the nature of the technology itself, but to decisions on how it was implemented and to the kinds of supporting instructional resources then available. Recently, a wide variety of improved audio, video, and videodisc resources, and computer programs have become available. The following discussion begins with the familiar example of a language laboratory, and goes on to provide comprehensive guidelines for incorporating modern technology generally within the current paradigm of ESL instruction. The focus is on designing a comfortable environment for learning, selecting useful resource materials, insuring accessibility to students, promoting interactive and interpersonal communication, and providing opportunities for negotiating meanings through self-directed learning.
Improving Communication and Collaboration Between Lactation Consultants and Doctors for Better Breastfeeding Outcomes
Authors: Fyfe Janice , Quinn Shelagh , Kiraly Tristan , Kernerman Edith
Published: May 2016

The goal of this review is to evaluate the most effective methods of professional interaction, collaboration, and communication between lactation consultants and other healthcare professionals for optimal patient care. The literature revealed that for effective interprofessional communication, lactation consultants must communicate and promote a clear understanding of breastfeeding challenges, their solutions, how lactation consultants can help establish and maintain a positive breastfeeding experience for both mother and baby, preferred modes of communication, as well as the common terminology used by lactation consultants.
Normas, técnicas, trocas: Telefónica-Telmex e a Associação Telecomunicações-Televisão no Brasil
Authors: Martins Ladeira João Damasceno
Published: May 2016

Este artigo analisa um aspecto na extensa reorganização do sistema audiovisual no Brasil contemporâneo: a progressiva presença de empreendimentos de telecomunicações em atividades de televisão segmentada. Aborda-se a questão, parte da reconfiguração do broadcast, como um aspecto particular de convergência. Identifica-se de que modo operações historicamente ligadas à indústria cultural se tornam apenas um entre os demais envolvidos com o audiovisual. A fim de apreender esta associação, discute-se a institucionalização da presença de Telmex e Telefónica em nosso país através da atuação de ambas em atividades de cabo e satélite. A partir de uma perspectiva que busca contribuir para os estudos de televisão segundo a proposta da arqueologia da mídia, foca-se no sistema de dispersões em curso, associando regulamentações jurídicas, tecnologias de comunicação e negociações materiais, abordadas como um processo descontínuo.
Sexo, desejo e identidades
Authors: Figueroa Ana Claudia
Published: May 2016

Resenha do livro "Manifesto contrassexual: práticas subversivas de identidade sexual" de Beatriz Preciado. Traduzido por Maria Paula Gurgel Ribeiro e publicado em 2014 pela N-1 Edições.
Aspectos da representação dos imigrantes haitianos no jornal Gazeta do Povo, de Curitiba/PR
Authors: Del Vecchio de Lima Myrian Regina , Da Silva Andrea Rosendo , Ávila Otávio Cezarini
Published: May 2016

Desde o terremoto de 2010 no Haiti, iniciou-se um fluxo constante de imigração de habitantes do país para o Brasil. Este artigo contempla a análise de matérias publicadas pelo jornal Gazeta do Povo, de Curitiba, PR, sobre a imigração dos haitianos no primeiro semestre de 2014. A escolha da temática se justifica por conta do número considerável destes imigrantes em Curitiba, bem como pelas implicações e contribuições que a investigação pode oferecer para a área de comunicação diante de um cenário global de imigração. O trabalho tem como objetivo fazer uma reflexão sobre a problemática, a identidade dos grupos envolvidos e a comunicação na esfera das migrações e partiu do pressuposto de que a mídia impressa, como forma ainda fundamental de comunicação nas sociedades democráticas, enfatiza o imigrante muito menos como ser cultural, portador de identidade e em busca de cidadania em seus percursos de deslocamento em novos territórios, e muito mais como sujeito apenas econômico. Empiricamente, realizou-se a análise de conteúdo de matérias publicadas para se compreender alguns aspectos da representação construída sobre os haitianos.
Qualidade das informações sobre fecundidade no Censo Demográfico de 2010
Authors: Cavenaghi Suzana M. , Alves José Eustáquio Diniz
Published: May 2016

O objetivo desta nota de pesquisa é examinar a qualidade da informação sobre fecundidade no Censo Demográfico brasileiro de 2010, para inferir sobre a precisão das estimativas da taxa de fecundidade total (TFT) e das taxas específicas por idade provenientes dessa fonte de dados. As bases de dados utilizadas são os microdados do Censo Demográfico de 2010 e o Sistema de Informações sobre Nascimentos (Sinasc) de 2009 e 2010. Serão aplicados indicadores demográficos básicos e o método indireto da razão P/F de Brass para a estimação da TFT, utilizando as duas fontes de dados. Os resultados mostram que os dados censitários são bastante consistentes, mas apresentam alguns problemas de subenumeração por idade da fecundidade corrente, como amplamente conhecido na demografia. Esta subenumeração deve ser levada em consideração na estimação do nível de fecundidade no país. As mudanças na estrutura da fecundidade afetam a TFT por ser taxa de período, mas o método P/F de Brass ainda mostra bons resultados. Ao final, são feitas recomendações para possíveis melhorias em novas coletas de dados, principalmente nos censos e pesquisas por amostra de domicílios, que são fontes essenciais para a estimação da fecundidade e acompanhamento de suas tendências, necessárias para a atualização das projeções desse indicador no médio e longo prazos.DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/S0102-309820160010
Dib et Djaout : le métier à tisser en deux temps
Authors: Ndiaye Christiane
Published: May 2016

A plus de trente ans d’intervalle, Le Métier à tisser de Mohammed Dib et Les Vigiles de Tahar Djaout se construisent tous deux autour de la figure du métier à tisser, instrument de travail d’un peuple qui n’en finit pas d’être dépossédé. Si, chez Dib, l’espoir subsiste que le peuple se mettra en marche pour faire en sorte que «ça changera» (164), chez Djaout la désillusion prend des accents dramatiques. La «rénovation» du métier à tisser, du pays, ne servira finalement que les intérêts des Vigiles qui s’évertuent à «défendre le pays contre son propre peuple» (1991 : 111). La grande famille unie de la nouvelle cité dictera à chacun son comportement, sa vie et sa mort, si celle-ci peut lui servir. De la lecture croisée de ces deux romans se dégage ainsi une mise en garde contre l’imaginaire du «malgré tout» dont se sert le pouvoir pour manipuler le peuple.Though published more than thirty years apart, the novels Le Métier à tisser by Mohammed Dib and Les Vigiles by Tahar Djaout are both constructed around the figure of the loom, the instrument of labour of a people apparently faced with endless dispossession. If, in Dib’s novel, hope persists that the people will take a stand so that “things change” (164), in Djaout’s novel disillusionment takes on dramatic accents. "Renovating" the loom or the country, in fact only serves the interests of the Vigils who do their utmost to “defend the country against its own people” (1991 : 111). The great united family of the new state dictates everyone’s behaviour, their life and their death, if the latter can serve its purposes. From the joint reading of these two novels emerges a warning against the fantasy of “in spite of it all” used by the authorities to manipulate its people.
Le geste et le souffle. Eléments pour une poétique algérienne
Authors: Ali-Benali Zineb
Published: May 2016

Du poète décrit par Ibn Khaldoun et mis en scène par Mouloud Mammeri à l’homme du « souffle », « respir » et assefrou, qu’il s’agisse de Jean Amrouche ou de Kateb Yacine, cet article retrouve un même allant du poème, voix que rien ne peut ni voiler ni imiter, geste qui organise le monde et lui donne place au large du sensé. Dans ce rapide parcours sur les traces d’une poétique comme élan qui installe le poème, voix et corps dans le monde, Mohammed Dib s’impose lorsque les voix de Djamila Amrane et de Jean Sénac apportent leur tribu, au milieu de toutes celles qui hantent des contes ancestraux.From the poet described by Ibn Khaldoun and dramatized by Mouloud Mammeri to the man of “breath”, “respir” and “assefrou”, whether it is discussing Jean Amrouche or Kateb Yacine, this article finds the common energy in the poems, a voice that nothing can obscure or imitate, a gesture that makes sense of the world while giving it a place outside the realm of the sensible. In this rapid journey, using this poetic discourse as momentum that places the poem, voice and body in the world, Mohammed Dib’s influence is obvious when Djamila Amrane and Jean Sénac add their voices to all those who haunt his ancestral tales.
Du collectif, malgré tout dans le cinéma de Rabah Ameur-Zaïmeche
Authors: Froger Marion
Published: May 2016

Dans ses deux premiers films, Rabah Ameur-Zaïmeche interprète un personnage qui, ayant écopé de la « double peine », finit par perdre sa place dans un aller et retour sans issue, entre son village algérien d’origine qui le rejette (Bled number One) et la France qui l’expulse puis le traque à son retour (Wesh wesh qu’est-ce qui se passe ?). À ce destin qui s’avère borné par la folie, d’un côté de la Méditerranée, ou par la mort de l’autre, le cinéaste oppose la créativité de ses propres collectifs de production, dont il laisse volontairement des traces dans chacun de ses films. Il entend ainsi, malgré tout, réinvestir, par le désir de groupe, le champ du politique, et par l’invention de formes cinématographiques, ne pas exclure le spectateur d’un sentiment de solidarité et de fraternité désancré de ses bases strictement communautaires. Adossé à la réalité vécue par une génération issue de l’immigration algérienne, née ou ayant grandi en France après l’indépendance de l’Algérie, le cinéma de Rabah Ameur-Zaimèche évoque les ambivalences de l’expérience groupale de ceux qui vont et viennent avec constance et intensité d’une rive à l’autre de leurs désirs d’appartenance et d’engagement. In his two first movies, Rabah Ameur-Zaïmeche plays a character who, subject to legal “double jeopardy”, finds himself lost in an inescapable back and forth between his native Algerian village, which rejects him, (Bled number One) and France, which expels him and then, upon his return, hunts him down (Wesh wesh qu’est-ce qui se passe ?). Against this fate, which ends in madness on one side of the Mediterranean or death on the other, Rabah Ameur-Zaïmeche sets the creativity of his production teams, traces of whose work remains in each of his films. Despite everything, the filmmaker looks to reinvest the political field with collective desire, and, through the use of inventive cinematic forms, insures that the spectator is allowed to partake of the feelings of solidarity and fraternity unmoored from strictly communitarian foundations. Drawing on the lived reality of a generation of people who were born or grew up in France after Algeria’s Independence, Rabah Ameur-Zaïmeche’s work evokes the ambivalences of those who move, with regularity and intensity, between both shores of their desire for belonging and political engagement.
La Carte et le Territoire : du potin à l’autofiction
Authors: Chamayou Anne
Published: May 2016

Dans ce roman, le très controversé Michel Houellebecq s’est servi des potins qu’il génère dans la presse française pour faire son autoportrait et pour construire un récit rempli de chausse-trappes. Etendant le domaine du potin aux célébrités médiatiques du Tout-Paris et jouant des effets miroir qui unissent le romancier et ses personnages, La Carte et le Territoire prend la vérité dans les reflets troublants de la fiction : Houellebecq y affirme la force du mensonge romanesque et l’autorité souveraine de l’écrivain dans le monde terrorisant de l’information en réseau et de la communication numérique.
The Body Not in the Room: Reading Gossip as Fiction
Authors: Bush Catherine
Published: May 2016

It can be useful to return to some fundamentals when thinking about what gives gossip its power, whether words spoken aloud or words that spread and leave their indelible traces throughout the digital realm. As a novelist and storyteller, I’d like to employ some lines of thought about what we do when we read fiction in order to consider gossip as an act of creative reading. Gossip, like a gift, depends on being received by someone, is defined by the intention to be received. Current fMRI studies have shown the empathetic capacities generated in individuals after reading works of fiction. I want to consider what happens when we imagine something about someone else, and how the engaged creativity of the recipient is essential to the act of gossiping.
Gossip Girls : le rôle du potin dans quelques romans pour adolescentes
Authors: Di Cecco Daniela
Published: May 2016

Cet article explore le rôle joué par le potin dans une sélection de romans anglophones publiés aux Etats-Unis et au Canada pour adolescentes et préadolescentes. Des études psychologiques et sociologiques récentes sur les agressions féminines et la façon dont les filles infligent de la peine aux autres filles de façon indirecte et voilée servent de cadre à notre analyse. Le fait que la violence physique soit considérée comme un comportement réservé aux garçons et donc inapproprié pour les filles, incite les adolescentes à agir autrement. Le potin devient parfois une arme pour marginaliser ou punir une fille, mais il peut aussi jouer un rôle positif au niveau de la cohésion d’une bande et de la solidarité entre filles.
Gossip as a Channel for Circulating Subversive Truth: In Heym's The King David Report, the GDR and the Jardin du Luxembourg
Authors: Fishelov David
Published: May 2016

Dans la Chronique du roi David (1991) , Stefan Heym (1913-2001) propose une perspective favorable sur le potin, nonobstant la censure biblique de cette activité (ex : Proverbe 11:13). La réécriture satirique de Heym de l'histoire biblique se concentre sur le personnage d’Ethan, un écrivain-historien nommé par le roi Salomon pour composer un rapport officiel sur la vie et l’arrivée au pouvoir du roi David. À un moment donné les deux fils d’Ethan, Sem et Sheleph, reviennent du marché et racontent à Ethan certaines rumeurs «savoureuses» qu'ils y ont entendues. Ces rumeurs, tandis qu’elles sont un peu exagérées et embellies, fournissent toutefois des aperçus de la situation politique qui sont beaucoup plus fidèles à la vérité que les inventions des porte-parole officiels. Pour justifier le portrait littéraire de Heym du potin comme une voie pour communiquer la vérité subversive dans les régimes autoritaires, je cite la recherche historique systématique de Robert Darnton au sujet des voies diverses pour communiquer les nouvelles de Paris au dix-huitième siècle (Darnton, 2000).In The King David Report (1972), Stefan Heym (1913-2001) offers a favorable view of gossip, notwithstanding biblical censuring of that activity (e.g. Proverb 11:13). Heym's satirical re-telling of the biblical story focuses on the character of Ethan, a writer-historian appointed by King Solomon to compose an official report on the life and rise to power of King David. At one point Ethan's two sons, Shem and Sheleph, come back from the market, telling Ethan of some "juicy" rumors they heard there. These rumors, while using some exaggerations and added embellishments, nevertheless provide insights into the political situation much more faithful to the truth than the fabrications of official spokespersons. To substantiate Heym's literary portrayal of gossip as a channel for communicating subversive truth in authoritarian regimes, I cite Robert Darnton's systematic historical research into the diverse channels for communicating news in Paris of the eighteenth century (Darnton, 2000).
Apprivoiser le conte: notes sur un atelier en langue seconde avec la conteuse professionnelle, Stéphanie Bénéteau
Authors: Nutting Stéphanie
Published: May 2016

Voici un compte rendu de l'atelier avec la conteuse professionnelle, Stéphanie Bénéteau. Organisé pour un groupe d'étudiants de niveau universitaire, l'atelier avait pour but d'initier les étudiants à une technique qui permet de se souvenir d'un conte sans le mémoriser. Le compte rendu est émaillé de propos recueillis lors d'un entretien avec Bénéteau réalisé en 2014. Ce texte a deux objectifs: 1-fournir des outils qui permettront aux lecteurs de mettre en pratique la méthode proposée par Bénéteau 2-fournir des observations spécifiques sur le rôle de l'improvisation dans l'apprentissage du conte en situation de français, langue étrangère.
The Power of Peer Evaluation: Rethinking Pedagogy in L2 Conversation Courses
Authors: Massery Laurie
Published: May 2016

Research examining the effectiveness of using peer evaluation as a pedagogical tool in higher education is quickly emerging. Perceptions of such assessments, however, continue to vary among students and educators alike. This paper serves as a review of recent studies that center on peer evaluation, and highlights the positive and negative aspects of such assessments. Following a discussion of current investigations, researchers’ collective findings are aligned with the parameters outlined in the CRGG-C framework, an infrastructure that is designed to capitalize on the benefits of peer evaluation (see Massery 2013), while also addressing some of the negative characteristics identified in the literature.
Littérature jeunesse, éducation inclusive et approches plurielles des langues
Authors: Armand Françoise , Gosselin-Lavoie Catherine , Combes Elodie
Published: May 2016

La littérature jeunesse est riche d’albums qui, dans une perspective d’éducation inclusive, permettent d’aborder la diversité linguistique et culturelle et d’amener les élèves à développer leurs capacités d’interactions orales et leur pensée critique face à des thématiques sensibles telle que le vivre-ensemble, les différences, le rejet, le racisme. Également, les livres bilingues, comme plus largement les approches plurielles des langues, favorisent la reconnaissance du bagage linguistique des élèves allophones et plus largement l’ouverture à la diversité chez tous les élèves.
L’oralité seconde comme principe de didactique du français oral
Authors: Ruffo Sébastien
Published: May 2016

Cet article décrit un nouveau cours universitaire de français oral L2 et tente d’en justifier la méthode et le corpus. Ayant relevé certains achoppements de l’enseignement de l’oral par les méthodes didactiques contemporaines, l’auteur propose de reconnaître la nature seconde (W. Ong) et performancielle (P. Zumthor) d’une oralité plus littéraire, cultivée par ce cours dont l’objectif est de travailler particulièrement l’accent et la phonostylistique. Différents types de performances à haute voix y mettent en valeur des textes tirés de romans, poésies, contes, discours, dialogues de films. En devoirs, les étudiants les partagent en ligne, puis leurs performances sont évaluées et commentées en mode asynchrone ; le temps de classe sert à des ateliers d’écoute, d’orthoépie et de phonostylistique. L’auteur fournit en exemple la consigne décrivant un devoir de « Commentaire en voix hors champ ».
Fibroma ossificante periférico: relato de caso
Authors: Moreti Lucieni Cristina Trovati , Pimentel Shirley Tatiane Martins , Boer Nilton César Pezati , Vilarim Rita de Cássia , Fernandes Karina Gonzales Câmara
Published: May 2016

O Fibroma Ossificante Periférico é uma lesão nodular caracterizada como hiperplásica inflamatória reacional sendo considerada uma das patologias bucais mais comuns, ocorre quase que exclusivamente na gengiva inserida e geralmente envolve a papila interdental. É uma entidade patológica que suscita muitas controvérsias em relação à sua natureza, pois tem etiologia desconhecida. Cálculos dentais, placa bacteriana, próteses mal adaptadas e outros fatores iatrogênicos, alimentos duros durante a mastigação, deglutição e fala, são considerados fatores irritantes gengivais podendo influenciar neste crescimento reacional. Apresenta como aspecto histopatológico mais marcante a presença de calcificações em várias formas e tamanhos. O exame radiográfico é de grande valor para o diagnóstico, visto que focos radiopacos centrais, podem estar associados ou não a discreta reabsorção da crista do rebordo em sua base. Estudos radiológicos, em alguns casos, mostram na massa de tecido mole área de calcificação. O propósito deste trabalho foi relatar um caso clínico de fibroma ossificante periférico, suas características clínicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas, reforçando a importância dos exames complementares no diagnóstico desta patologia. Concluiu-se que o fibroma ossificante periférico é uma lesão reacional da gengiva, nodular e assintomática. Necessita de exame histopatológico para a confirmação do diagnóstico. O exame radiográfico é de grande importância, pois dependendo da fase de desenvolvimento da lesão esta pode apresentar-se com discretos pontos de calcificações, sem envolvimento do osso subjacente.Descritores: Paracoccidioidomicose; Mucosa bucal; Manifestações Bucais; Epidemiologia.
Durum Wheat Productivity in Response to Soil Water and Soil Residual Nitrogen Associated with Previous Crop Management
Authors: Gan Yantai , Mooleki S. P. , Lemke Reynald L. , Zentner Robert P. , Ruan Yuefeng
Published: May 2016

Green manure may have potential uses in dryland agroecosystems. This study determined the effect of green manure on residual soil water and soil N and the subsequent durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) performance in comparison with the effect of preceding dry pea (Pisum sativum L.), silage pea (Pisum sativum L.), and spring wheat (T. aestivum L.). Three green manures [black lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.), chickling vetch (Lathyrus sativus L.), and forage pea (Pisum sativum L.)] were grown in 2006, 2007, and 2008, along with pea, wheat, and a summerfallow (check) in Saskatchewan, Canada. Durum wheat was grown the year after these treatments. At durum wheat planting, the green manure treatments had the same amount of water in the 0‐ to 1.2‐m soil profile as the summerfallow in 2007 and 2009 but less water compared with the summerfallow in 2008. Summerfallow provided highest soil N among all treatments in 2007 and 2008 but lower soil N than green manure treatments in 2009. Green manure treatments increased subsequent durum wheat grain yield by 19% compared with preceding silage pea or dry pea and by 54% compared with preceding spring wheat but decreased yield by 12% compared with summerfallow treatments. The green manure with late planting and termination enhanced soil‐water conservation and offered input‐saving advantages compared with the early‐ and mid‐planting and termination treatments. Overall, green manure treatments enhanced soil water storage, provided N benefits, and increased subsequent durum wheat yield compared with crops harvested for grain.

Core Ideas

Green manures conserve a similar amount of water in the 0‐ to 1.2‐m soil profile as summerfallow.

Green manures provides less N benefits as summerfallow to the crops the following year.

Durum wheat after green manures yielded 19 to 54% more than the other preceding crops.

Delay planting of green manures offers water‐saving advantages in dry environments.
The Impact of Genotype × Environment Effects on Runner‐Type Peanut Seed Vigor Response to Temperature
Authors: Grey Timothy L. , Branch William D. , Tubbs R. Scott , Snider John L. , Webster Theodore M. , Arnold Jason , Li Xiao
Published: May 2016

Experiments conducted from 2007 to 2012 evaluated the genotype × environment effects on breeder seed of eight peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars grown under similar production practices. Seed germination and vigor by plot replication were evaluated in Petri‐dishes incubated over a thermal gradient ranging from 12 to 36°C at approximately 1.0°C increments. Growing degree day (GDD) accumulation for each temperature increment was calculated based on daily mean temperature measured by thermocouples. Lorentzian distribution models were used to establish the temperature and time (hours) to maximum germination. With respect to maximum germination and temperature; Georgia‐07W (23.9°C) < Florida‐07 (25.0°C) < Georgia Greener (25.2°C) < Georgia‐06G (25.3°C) = Tifguard < Georgia Green (26.4°C) < Georgia‐09B (27.1°C) = Georgia‐02C. Nonlinear regression indices from logistic growth curves with three parameters were used to elucidate seed germination by cultivar. These data included maximum indices of germination for each cultivar by year establishing parameter estimates using nonlinear regression, GDD value at 80% germination (Germ80), and temperature required by each cultivar for optimum germination. Peanut cultivar vigor varied by year with respect to overall GDDs to reach Germ80 and maximum germination (b0). Ranking of cultivars by GDD to reach Germ80 were: Georgia Green < Georgia‐02C < Georgia‐06G = Georgia Greener < Georgia‐09B < Georgia‐07W < Tifguard < Florida‐07. This indicates that Georgia Green had much greater vigor than Florida‐07 over the course of the experiments. Georgia‐06G peanut seed were consistent with respect to germination, Germ80, and b0. All cultivars exhibited phenotypic variation by year, with genotype consistency across years.

Core Ideas

Peanut cultivars evaluated exhibited phenotypic vigor variation by year, with genotypic stability across years.

This form of evaluation provided an indication of vigor which may assist breeders in determining the success of the cultivar over a range of temperatures.

Larger seeded peanut cultivars exhibited less vigor than smaller seeded cultivars.
Complex Relationships among Water Use Efficiency‐Related Traits, Yield, and Maturity in Tomato Lines Subjected to Deficit Irrigation in the Field
Authors: Arms Erin M. , Lounsbery Jared K. , Bloom Arnold J. , St. Clair Dina A.
Published: May 2016

Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is susceptible to abiotic stresses, including water stress. In contrast, a wild tomato relative, S. habrochaites S. Knapp & D.M. Spooner, is highly tolerant to abiotic stresses. Previously, we used a set of 18 sub‐near‐isogenic tomato lines (sub‐NILs) containing chromosome 9 introgressions from S. habrochaites to investigate the genetic basis of tolerance to rapid‐onset water stress imposed by root chilling. In the present study, this same set of 18 sub‐NILs was subjected to slow‐onset water stress imposed by deficit irrigation in field experiments conducted for 2 yr. Trait data were analyzed with principal component analysis, ANOVA, and MANOVA to investigate the underlying relationships among proxy traits for water‐use efficiency (WUE) including carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) and specific leaf area (SLA) with horticultural traits including maturity and yield. The majority of total phenotypic variation among the sub‐NILs was accounted for by Δ13C and SLA, with minor contribution from the horticultural traits. While many trait QTL were coincident or overlapping, our analyses suggest that the genes controlling QTL for Δ13C and SLA in this chromosome 9 region are distinct from each other and also from genes controlling maturity and yield. This introgressed region contains potentially valuable wild alleles for breeding cultivated tomatoes with improved WUE while selecting for yield maintenance.
Field Application of Benzothiadiazole (BTH) to Oats (Avena sativa): Effects on Crown Rust Resistance and Avenanthramide Production
Authors: Wise Mitchell L. , Vinje Marcus A. , Conley Shawn P.
Published: May 2016

Avenanthramides are phenolic antioxidants produced in oat (Avena sativa L.) in response to fungal infection and, as shown in greenhouse experiments, by treatment with plant defense activators, such as benzothiadiazole (BTH). Presented here are the results of application of BTH under field conditions. Field trials were conducted in 2013 using four application rates, approximating manufacturer's recommendations, on two oat cultivars and in 2014 using three application rates on three oat cultivars. The results showed a subtle but demonstrable effect of increased avenanthramide production in vegetative tissue and mature grain and enhanced resistance to crown rust infection. Gene expression of pathogenesis related protein‐1 (PR‐1), phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and hydroxycinnamoyl‐CoA:hydroxyanthranilate hydroxycinnamoyl‐CoA transferase (HHT) was also monitored by RT‐qPCR. Both PR‐1 and PAL expression were demonstrably up‐regulated in the field trials; HHT was not. However, greenhouse experiments showed all three genes to be elicited with 63‐, 9‐, and 3‐fold increases, respectively. Thus, field application of plant defense activators can effectively enhance crown rust resistance and avenanthramide production in oat by up‐regulating certain metabolic pathways; their practical application, however, will require substantial investigative efforts.