bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children’s recycling behavior: could it be explained by an extended theory of planned behavior? (La conducta de reciclaje en niños: ¿se podría explicar mediante una teoría ampliada de la conducta planificada?)
Authors: Šorytė Dovilė , Pakalniškienė Vilmantė
Published: March 2021

An extended theory of planned behaviour was used to explain children’s self-reported recycling behaviour with an inclusion of parental behaviour and two background factors of child gender and social desirability. Ninety-nine pupils aged 8–11 years and one parent of each participated in the study. Children took part in structured one-on-one interviews, where they responded to questions about their recycling behaviour, willingness (desire) to recycle, environmental attitudes, subjective norm and perceived behavioural control. Parents provided their answers on the compatible behavioural items. In addition, children responded to questions from the short version of the Children’s Social Desirability scale. For the analysis, three models were tested step by step. In the final model, where background factors were introduced, parental behaviour remained the only predictor of child behaviour, while pupils’ willingness to recycle remained to be determined by the perceived behavioural control only. Conclusions and implications regarding study findings are provided in the paper.
Staggered tomography for spatially continuous objects in compressive holography
Authors: Luo Zhenpeng , Sun Da , Su Ping , Ma Jianshe , Cao Liangcai
Published: March 2021

The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of spatially continuous objects in compressive holography (CH) is difficult owing to the large axial interval. Hence, in this work we propose an algorithm for staggered tomography based on CH (ST-CH) that performs multiple staggered compressive sensing reconstructions to obtain a supersaturated reconstructed object field with a small axial interval. ST-CH is found to improve positioning accuracy by approximately one order of magnitude compared with conventional CH method. The moving postures and behaviors of Caenorhabditis elegans were observed experimentally in 3D space. Segmented positioning was applied along the skeleton of a continuous object to position different object parts; finally, observation of a kinematic fiber was achieved.
Effect of trampoline sputtering on surface morphology and coatings properties
Authors: Gabovich Alexander M , Semeniuk Valerii F , Semeniuk Nadiia I
Published: March 2021

The collective trampoline ion-plasma effect was used to modify surface properties of metals, ceramics, silicon and carbon in a desired manner. The rough surfaces created by low-energy dense ion flows were demonstrated to include double-level hierarchical structures. Namely, the submicron and nanoscale peaks and valleys were found. The coating films were deposited by the nanoclusters emitted in the trampoline mode, as well as by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods. The substrates were prepared by prior ion processing in the trampoline mode. Preliminary nanoscale texturing of surfaces substantially modified the interaction of ion-plasma flows with surfaces during the subsequent film formation by PVD and PECVD techniques. The so created rough surface showed the strong film adhesion and a 25%–50% faster film formation during ion-plasma deposition as compared to the case of a non-textured surface. The transfer of target material in the form of nanoclusters allowed obtaining dense defect-free micron-scale films. The submicron structure leads to the infrared and visible light trapping. The results were analyzed on the basis of the previously suggested qualitative model of the trampoline sputtering.
Structure and electron affinity of the 4H–SiC (0001) surfaces: a methodological approach for polar systems
Authors: Beattie J M A , Goss J P , Rayson M J , Briddon P R
Published: March 2021

The ability to accurately and consistently determine the surface electronic properties of polar materials is of great importance for device applications. Polar surface modelling is fundamentally limited by the spontaneous polarisation of these materials in a periodic boundary condition scheme. Surface data are sensitive to supercell parameters, including slab and vacuum thicknesses, as well as the non-equivalence of surface adsorbates on opposite surfaces. Using 4H–SiC as a specific case, this study explores calculation of electron affinities (EAs) of (000

1

̄

) and (0001) surfaces varying chemical termination as a function of computational parameters. We report the impact in terms of band-gap, electric fields across the vacuum and slab for single and double cell slab models, where the latter is constructed with inversional symmetry to eliminate the electric field in the vacuum regions. We find that single cells are sensitive to both slab and vacuum thickness. The band-gap narrows with slab thickness, ultimately vanishing and inducing charge transfer between opposite surfaces. This has a consequence for predicted EAs. Adsorbate species are found to play a crucial role in the rate of narrowing. Back to back cells with inversional symmetry have larger electric fields present across the slab than the single slab cases, resulting in a greater band-gap narrowing effect, but the vacuum thickness dependence is completely removed. We discuss the relative merits of the two approaches.
Stabilizing ordered structures with single patch inverse patchy colloids in two dimensions
Authors: Mathews K Remya Ann , Mani Ethayaraja
Published: March 2021

Oppositely charged bipolar colloids or colloids decorated with complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) on their surfaces are special kinds of patchy particles where only patch and non-patch parts are attractive. These are classified as inverse patchy colloids (IPCs). In this work, equilibrium self-assembly of IPC in two-dimensions is reported using Monte Carlo simulations. Square (SCs) and triangular crystals (TCs) are found to be stable at 0.5 patch coverage. Upon decreasing the patch coverage to 0.33, the regular SC is destabilized; instead rhombic and TCs are found to be stable. At low patch coverages such as 0.22 and 0.12, only TC is stabilized at high density. Particles of all the patch coverages show kinetically stable cluster phases of different shapes and sizes at low densities, and the average cluster size depends on the patch coverage and particle density. State-diagrams showing all the stable phases for each patch coverage are presented. Ordered phases are characterized by bond order parameters ψ
4, ψ
6 and radial distribution function. The effect of polydispersity in patch coverage on the polarization of the stable structures are also studied. The study demonstrates that IPCs can stabilize various ordered two-dimensional structures by tuning the size of the patch, density and interaction strengths.
Large amplitude spin-Hall oscillations due to field-like torque
Authors: Arun R , Gopal R , Chandrasekar V K , Lakshmanan M
Published: March 2021

Large amplitude spin-Hall oscillations are identified in a ferromagnetic layer with two perpendicular in-plane easy axis in the presence of field-like torque without any polarizer and external field. The analytical study confirms the possibility of oscillations in the presence of field-like torque. The investigation shows that the oscillation frequency can be tuned from ∼2 GHz to ∼80 GHz by current and enhanced by field-like torque. Further, the enhancement of frequency along with the Q-factor by current and field-like torque is also observed.
Giant thermopower and power factor in magic angle twisted bilayer graphene at low temperature
Authors: Kubakaddi S S
Published: March 2021

The in-plane phonon-drag thermopower S
g, diffusion thermopower S
d and the power factor PF are theoretically investigated in a twisted bilayer graphene (tBLG) as a function of twist angle θ, temperature T and electron density n
s in the region of low T (1–20 K). As θ approaches magic angle θ
m, the S
g and S
d are found to be strongly enhanced, which is manifestation of great suppression of effective Fermi velocity v
F
* of electrons in moiré flat band near θ
m. This enhancement decreases with increasing θ and T. In the Bloch–Grüneisen (BG) regime, it is found that S
g ∼ v
F
*−2, T
3 and n
s
−1/2. As T increases, the exponent δ in S
g ∼ T

δ
, changes from 3 to nearly zero and a maximum S
g value of ∼10 mV K−1 at ∼20 K is estimated. S
g is found to be larger (smaller) for smaller n
s in low (high) temperature region. On the other hand, S
d, taken to be governed by Mott formula with S
d ∼ v
F
*−1, T and n
s
−1/2 and S
d ≪ S
g for T > ∼2 K. The power factor PF is also shown to be strongly θ dependent and is very much enhanced. Consequently, possibility of a giant figure of merit is discussed. In tBLG, θ acts as a strong tuning parameter of both S
g and S
d and PF in addition to T and n
s. Our results are qualitatively compared with the measured out-of-plane thermopower in tBLG.
Out of equilibrium chiral higher order topological insulator on a
π
-flux square lattice
Authors: Bhat Ruchira V , Bera Soumya
Published: March 2021

One of the hallmarks of bulk topology is the existence of robust boundary localized states. For instance, a conventional d dimensional topological system hosts d − 1 dimensional surface modes, which are protected by non-spatial symmetries. Recently, this idea has been extended to higher order topological phases with boundary modes that are localized in lower dimensions such as in the corners or in one dimensional hinges of the system. In this work, we demonstrate that a higher order topological phase can be engineered in a nonequilibrium state when the time-independent model does not possess any symmetry protected topological states. The higher order topology is protected by an emerging chiral symmetry, which is generated through the Floquet driving. Using both the exact numerical method and an effective high-frequency Hamiltonian obtained from the Brillouin-Wigner (BW) perturbation theory, we verify the emerging topological phase on a π-flux square lattice. We show that the localized corner modes in our model are robust against a chiral symmetry preserving perturbation and can be classified as ‘extrinsic’ higher order topological phase. Finally, we identify a two dimensional topological invariant from the winding number of the corresponding sublattice symmetric one dimensional model. The latter model belongs to class AIII of ten-fold symmetry classification of topological matter.
Electronic structure of ternary palladates and effect of hole doping: a valence band photoemission spectroscopic study
Authors: Reddy B H , Ali Asif , Singh Ravi Shankar
Published: March 2021

We investigate the electronic structure of ternary palladates APd3O4 (A = Sr, Ca) using valence band photoemission spectroscopy and band structure calculations. Energy positions of various features and overall width of the experimental valence band spectra are well captured by band structure calculations using hybrid functional. Band structure calculations within local density approximations lead to metallic ground state while the calculations using hybrid functional provide band gap of 0.25 eV and 0.22 eV for CaPd3O4 and SrPd3O4 respectively, suggesting moderate to strong electron correlation strength in these narrow band gap semiconducting palladates. High resolution spectra reveal negligibly small intensity at Fermi level, E
F, for parent compounds, while hole doped SrPd3O4 (by 15% Li substitution at Sr site) exhibits a Fermi cut-off suggesting metallic character in contrast to semiconducting transport. These observations reveal the importance of localization of electrons in case where the Fermi edge falls in the mobility edge.
Hemocompatibility of polyzwitterion-modified titanium dioxide nanotubes
Authors: Jia Erna , Liang Bang , Lin Yuan , Su Zhaohui
Published: March 2021

Titanium dioxide nanotubes (TNTs) have attracted increasing interest as implantable materials due to their many desirable properties. However, their blood compatibility remains an issue. In this paper, TNTs of different diameters were modified with two types of zwitterionic polymers, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (pSBMA) and poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (pCBMA), which were grafted onto the TNTs using ARGET-ATRP (activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization) method. Both pSBMA and pCBMA brushes coatings were found to greatly reduce adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibrinogen (Fib) onto the TNTs, showing excellent protein resistance. Moreover, the effects of the surface topography on the amount of protein adsorption were largely suppressed by the polyzwitterion coatings. The conformation of the protein adsorbed to the substrates was analyzed at the molecular level by Fourier-transform infrared reflection spectroscopy (FT-IR), which revealed that the BSA adsorbed on the polyzwitterion-modified TNTs adopted significantly different secondary structures from that on the virgin TNTs, whereas the conformation of the adsorbed Fib remained basically the same. The polyzwitterion-modified TNTs were found to be non-hemolytic, and platelet adhesion and activation was significantly reduced, showing excellent blood compatibility.
Effect of nitrogen annealing on the optoelectronic properties of manganese vanadate
Authors: Ravindra Pramod , Chaudhary Raghav , Athresh Eashwer , Vura Sandeep , Raghavan Srinivasan , Ranjan Rajeev , Majumdar Kausik , Avasthi Sushobhan
Published: March 2021

Semiconducting oxides are often stable, non-toxic, and can potentially be deposited at a low cost. The existence of oxides with appropriate bandgap (<1.8 eV) and reasonable mobility points towards the alluring possibility of employing oxides as absorbers in ‘all-oxide’ solar cells. However, oxide absorbers have remained elusive due to the debilitating effects of low mobility, deep-defects, and inefficient doping, which degrade their optoelectronic performance. In this work, we report the effects of annealing on the optoelectronic properties of an emerging oxide solar absorber, manganese vanadate (Mn2V2O7, MVO). Films deposited using pulsed laser deposition show no photoluminescence (PL). After annealing in a nitrogen ambience, sharp PL (FWHM ∼ 100 µeV) peaks are observed at low temperatures, which indicates improved optoelectronic quality. Our analysis suggests these emissions are from carriers trapped in very shallow native acceptor and donor type defects. This improvement is correlated with the reduction in Urbach energy, which also suggests reduced electronic disorder. Coupled with low bandgap and easy processing, MVO seems to be an exciting material for optoelectronics and photovoltaics.
A novel circular double-gate SOI MOSFET with raised source/drain
Authors: Kallepelli Sagar , Maheshwaram Satish
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we report the performance of a novel circular double-gate (CDGT) silicon-on-insulator metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET). We explore a variety of device configurations that are possible by making changes in the pad height in terms of a raised top, bottom, or top and bottom (both). The results demonstrate that the best device configuration is a raised both CDGT with an internal pad as a drain. For the above configuration, the impact of a junctionless mode is further analyzed and the optimum performance is obtained with a doping level of 1 × 1018 cm−3. The device exhibits good electrical characteristics, with an ON/OFF current ratio of 3.73 × 105, a near-ideal subthreshold slope of 66.9 mV dec−1, and a small drain-induced barrier lowering of ∼35 mV V−1. Among various circular MOSFETs, the CDGT device exhibits an optimum delay performance of 2 ps based on a two-stage inverter analysis.
The effective field theory and perturbative analysis for log-density fields
Authors: Rubira Henrique , Voivodic Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

A logarithm transformation over the matter overdensity field δ brings information from the bispectrum and higher-order n-point functions to the power spectrum. We calculate the power spectrum for the log-transformed field A at one, two and three loops using perturbation theory (PT). We compare the results to simulated data and give evidence that the PT series is asymptotic already on large scales, where the k modes no longer decouple. This motivates us to build an alternative perturbative series for the log-transformed field that is not constructed on top of perturbations of δ but directly over the equations of motion for A itself. This new approach converges faster and better reproduces the large scales at low z. We then show that the large-scale behaviour for the log-transformed field power spectrum can be captured by a small number of free parameters. Finally, we add the counter-terms expected within the effective field theory framework and show that the theoretical model, together with the IR-resummation procedure, agrees with the measured spectrum with percent precision until k ≃ 0.38 Mpc−1h at z=0. It indicates that the non-linear transformation indeed linearizes the density field and, in principle, allows us to access information contained on smaller scales.
The Design of an Arduino Based Low-Cost Ultrasonic Tide Gauge With the Internet of Things (Iot) System
Authors: Haq Nabil Amirul , Khomsin  , Pratomo Danar Guruh
Published: March 2021

Ocean tides play essential roles in the field of hydrography and navigation. The conventional method to measure tides is by observing the vertical variation of sea surface using a tide staff. However, this method has several disadvantages. It consumes more human resources and time to observe and record the take. Moreover, the recorded data tends to be subjective, depending on the observer. To overcome these disadvantages is by using an automatic tide gauge. This instrument can also provide almost continuous and near real-time tide data. The price of automatic tide gauge in the Indonesia market is costly. This research attempted to build a low-cost ultrasonic tide gauge by utilizing an Arduino microcontroller, ultrasonic sensor, GPS module, which is embedded with the Internet of Things (IoT) so that the real-time data can be uploaded and monitored on a webserver. The quality of the data collected from the instrument is controlled using the 3 σ rule to detect and remove outliers. Moving Average and Moving Median filtering methods are applied in the system to eliminate the noise. The data accuracy-test was performed using a relative error and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) methods. The test compares the data collected with the ultrasonic tide gauge and the direct observation method. The result shows the relative error, and RMSE values 0.226% and 6.629mm for raw data, 0.636% and 18.542mm for moving average data, 0.437% and 13.242mm for the moving median data, with the best filtering method is moving median. The instrument accuracy test results show that this instrument has excellent accuracy, with a 2,240,000 IDR instrument production budget or 7.5% of the lowest tide gauge prices.
Hydrodynamic and Sediment Transport Simulation at The Port of The Electric Steam Power Plant Adipala and Serayu Estuary, Central Java Province, Indonesia
Authors: Wahyudi Nazariano Rahman , Suntoyo  , Pratikto Widi Agoes
Published: March 2021

The coastal area of Cilacap Regency in Indonesia has an important role in increasing activity, economy and ecosystem. The research location is in the southern coastal area of Java and directly faces the Indian Ocean. This can lead to dynamic marine phenomena and cause various kinds of sedimentation problems. To analyze the phenomena that occur in Cilacap seawater, a numerical model is applied to obtain optimal results. MIKE21 software with Hydrodynamic and Sand Transport modules were used in this study to analyze the flow patterns and sediment transport that occurred. The model was built with Cilacap waters as the boundary and was made within 30 days. The result obtained is the model validation using the RMSE method shows a value of 16.33% so that the model is included in the good category. The average direction of the current pattern from the results of the model leads to the west and northwest. The current velocity at ebb is greater than at tide. The most significant bed level changes occurred at the mouth of the Serayu River and the east side of the breakwater.
Developing of Emergency Safety Device Module Under Vessel Integrated Automation System for Dual Fuel Diesel Engine
Authors: Saihilmi MI , Zaman MB , Santoso A , Kusuma IR
Published: March 2021

Using gas as a fuel of the ship’s main engines give challenges in term of efficiency, fuel prices, low emission, and safety behavior. Gas characteristics need particular attention due to higher flammable, explosive, and hazard gas leakages. Adopting gas as fuel onboard a ship insists on a higher level of safety as guided by the IGF Code. Conventional safety devices installed in the conventional diesel engines only aware of its combustion sensors. This study intended to develop a new PLC module that is capable of an automatic stop of the dual fuel diesel engine under any programmable emergencies. The developed module is integrated under the Vessel Integrated Automation System. The logical program manages the system to assure the continuous fuel service and stop the system when pre-defined hazards happened. Hazards are predicted from excessive pressure and temperature, flow rate, and gas leakages. The module in a form of software and hardware will be built using industrial tools.
Water Quality Modeling Distribution at Bali Strait in the Western Monsoon and Its Impact for Ecosystems
Authors: Suntoyo Octavia Prihanesti Kartika Rini , Wahyudi
Published: March 2021

The Bali Strait is geographically located between Java and Bali Island, with a total area approximately 900 square miles. It has a high potential of fish produces an average of 100 tons/year. The types of fishes there are tongkol, layang, and lemuru with high economic values. Bali Strait affected by the oceanographic phenomenon of upwelling in the Indian Ocean and has shallow and narrow bathymetry conditions made high currents speeds. The abundance of nutrients in Bali Straits made the ocean water fertile and rich in fish give an advantage for anglers. The nutrient is present in Bali Strait caused by water flow from land. These conditions is become triggers for an explosion of phytoplankton populations or called booming algae. The shrimp waste from companies disposing of the waste to Bali Strait consists of parameter DO, BOD, COD, TSS, Phosphate, and Nitrate. Research on the distribution of water quality in Bali Strait in the Western Monsoon has to research, where previous researchers have researched in the Eastern Monsoon. The purpose of this research is to find out the distribution of water quality parameters in the Bali Strait using MIKE 21 Ecolab [1]. The result of this research shown the maximum distribution exceed water quality parameter and influence for the biota are BOD = 83.031 mg/L, Nitrate = 0.924 mg/L, Phosphate = 0.176 mg/L and TSS = 27.574 mg/L. The BOD makes the water polluted, Nitrate and Phosphate is the trigger for booming algae, and TSS is not suitable for coral and sea grass.
Design of Control Method for Improving Current Quality of Wind Power Grid-Connected Inverter
Authors: Li Y , Zhang Z Y , Wang P G , Zhuang Y , Liu S
Published: March 2021

The problem of suppression of nonlinear random impulse disturbance in grid-connected wind power generation is studied in this paper. The mathematical model of grid side converter of wind power system is obtained by using Kirchhoff law. A feedback synchronization controller is designed to suppress the disturbance of current. With the help of Lyapunov stability theory, the effectiveness of the synchronization controller is verified. Further effectively restrain the nonlinear random disturbance caused by the current connected to the grid, so that the current generated by the wind turbine is synchronized with the current generated by the power grid. Finally, the simulation verification is carried out. The simulation results show that the effectiveness of the proposed control method.
Numerical Study on Optimizing the Geometry of Segmented Asymmetrical Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Luo H C , Cheng L S
Published: March 2021

Quite large amount of heat generated in various industrial processes was wasted. Recovering the waste heat can save cost and benefit the environment protection. The device that convert heat energy to electricity is called thermoelectric generator (TEG), and therefore it can be used for waste heat recovery. Improving the efficiency is the main direction of present study. The configuration and geometry of the thermoelectric legs are proved can influence the thermoelectric performance of the thermoelectric generator. Compared with the conventional TEG which is assembled with symmetrical (rectangular) legs, asymmetrical thermoelectric generator (ATEG) has a greater temperature gradient in a leg due to the convergent geometry which can reduce overall thermal conduction of the device and Thomson effect is also harnessed. In this study, three-dimensional finite element analysis (COMSOL) is employed to investigate the numerical simulations of a segmented pyramidal thermoelectric generator (SPTEG) and a segmented cone thermoelectric generator (SCTEG) to optimize the leg length ratio of two materials, and it’s effect on the electrical and mechanical performances of SPTEG and SCTEG was also studied. Results obtained shows that the height ratio of SATEG can influence electrical and mechanical performances and the optimum height ratio provided a better electrical performance while thermal stress developed in leg was less. In addition, the open-circuit voltage of two types SATEG is similar because they have the same cross sectional area and the same volume, however, SCTEG has a dispersive thermal stress distribution while the thermal stress of SPTEG concentrates in four corners. Compared to the maximum von Mises stress in SPTEG, the maximum von Mises stress in SCTEG reduced about 10%. Results obtained from this study would provide references in producing and design of segmented asymmetrical thermoelectric generators.
Finite Element-Neural Network Hybrid Modeling of Complex Dynamic Systems
Authors: Fu J P , Zhao H M , Zhang H T , Su S X , Ji C J , Chen F
Published: March 2021

This study involves a new hybrid modeling method for finite element-neural network complex dynamic systems. Dynamic modeling of components with linear-elastic properties is obtained by using the finite element method (FEM) in complex dynamic systems, while the dynamic characteristics of the nonlinear elements were described by neural networks. They may be connected by force or displacement to generate the dynamic hybrid model of the entire system, which effectively combined the characteristics of finite element modeling and neural network modeling. The relevant characteristics include clear physical structure, high modeling precision, small network scale, and fast training speed. The mode reduction method is applied to reduce the computational load for the response prediction of the hybrid model. Simulations of hybrid modeling for dynamic characteristics in the vibration isolation systems of steel wire rope are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. This result provides an effective approach for modeling the complex dynamic system with an elastic structure, which includes nonlinear element components.
Spirulina: growth in continuous and batch bioreactors and response to stress conditions
Authors: Mikryukov Anton , Sablin Vitaly , Martseva Diana , Tarasova Nadezda , Travkin Vasili , Solyanikova Inna
Published: March 2021

Spirulina platensis is a cyanobacterium with high biotechnological potential. Optimization of the cultivation conditions of spirulina takes place constantly, to increase the yield of this valuable crop. An important economic indicator of the process is an increase in the yield of biomass and a decrease in the cost of its production. For example, avoiding the need to cultivate spirulina at elevated temperatures with at least equal biomass yield. The purpose of this work was to develop and compare methods for cultivating Spirulina platensis in two bioreactors, continuous and batch ones, and to assess the resistance of spirulina cells to environmental stress caused by the presence of household chemicals. It was shown that, at room temperature, the wet biomass yield was higher in the bioreactor than with batch cultivation in flasks. However, a decrease in temperature leads to a decrease in the number of colony forming units. The presence of compounds such as phosphates and phosphonates from household chemicals in the cultivation environment negatively affects the survival of Spirulina cells, which reflects the general trend of a decrease in the number of microorganisms as a result of environmental pollution with surfactants.
Research progress on the effect of drought on root system of summer maize
Authors: Yan Si-Ying , Weng Bai-Sha , Jing Lan-Shu
Published: March 2021

Under the background of global climate change, the occurrence of extreme climate events is becoming more and more frequent. Drought has become one of the most extensive and far-reaching disasters in the world. Drought is an objective natural phenomenon. In the past, researches on drought mainly focused on two aspects: one is the relationship between climate and drought; the other is the impact of drought on crops. The effects of drought on crops are shown in various aspects. In this paper, the effects of drought on summer maize roots and the main techniques and methods of root research were reviewed. In the results, previous studies mainly focused on the growth and development of summer maize, as well as the configuration, physiology and internal anatomical structure of root system, but the explanation of mechanism was relatively less. In addition, the effect of drought on the root system of summer maize was not completely damage, but also had compensation effect under certain water conditions. The future research is also prospected.
Effects of different calcium concentrations on the outdoor growth of Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz
Authors: Xia Yixue , Wang Yang , Deng Linfeng , Li Hengjiang
Published: March 2021

The technology of indoor cultivation of Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz is relatively mature, but for industrial cultivation, indoor cultivation has the disadvantages of high energy consumption and high cost. In order to find the appropriate amount of calcium concentration required for outdoor cultivation, and to pave the way for mass production of Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz, in this study, the Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz wwas cultivated. The pH, chlorophyll content, polysaccharide content, protein content and phytolithoprotein content of Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz were measured in different concentrations of calcium nutrient solution. The result showed that, with the increase of calcium concentration in outdoor cultivation, the growth of Nostoc sphaeroids Kütz was firstly inhibited and then promoted.
Research progress of capacitive deionization technology
Authors: Du Chun-An , Fu Yun-Xiang , Ma Yu-Hao , Sun An , Luo Yong-Ming
Published: March 2021

Capacitive Deionization (CDI), a recently developed water treatment technology, has proved to be superior to traditional desalinization processes such as reverse osmosis (RO) in terms of high environmental friendliness, simple operation, and low energy consumption. This paper reviews the progress of research into CDI technology with focus on electrode materials and factors affecting CDI such as voltage and plate spacing. It also discusses existing problems and predicts the future development direction of this technology.
Comparative study on main components and detection methods of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae from different habitats
Authors: Liu Ming-Shi , Wang Jing , Deng Hui-Dan , Geng Lu-Lu
Published: March 2021

There are many chemical constituents in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, such as flavonoids, volatile oil, alkaloids and so on. This paper compares, analyzes and summarizes the main components of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae from different producing areas and different detection methods. The results showed that although they all have the same chemical composition, there are also differences between them, which leads to the difference of medicinal effect. The contents of hesperidin and hepthoxyflavone in Fuju, Sichuan Dahongpao and Wenzhou tangerine were the highest. There are four main types of detection methods of tangerine peel, which are spectrophotometry, electrochemical method, chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. When the content of total flavonoids in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae is measured, spectrophotometry is often used. Both electrochemical method and chromatographic method can be used to determine the content of specific flavonoids. Chromatography can also be used for the separation of flavonoids and the identification between Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae and Citrus reticulate Blanco‘chachi’ (Guangchenpi). However, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is mostly used for the determination of volatile compounds in Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae. With the development of science and technology in the future, it will be more in-depth to explore the composition differences of Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae from different habitats, and more efficient detection methods will be used for research.
Grape planting situation and regional spatial analysis in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Wu Jiuyun , Liu Liyuan , Xu Guixiang , Jiang Jianfu , Lian Weijia , Zhou Hui , Nan Lijun , Ren Hongsong
Published: March 2021

With the rapid development of China’s grape industry and the improvement of breeding and cultivation management technology, great changes have taken place in Xinjiang grape planting. By the investigation of grape planting distribution in recent ten years in China, using geographic information technology (GIS) to analyze the changes of Xinjiang grape production layout and agglomeration characteristics, summed up the layout and development of Xinjiang grape industry, in order to provide reference for optimizing regional grape variety structure. The results showed that the grape industry in Xinjiang has entered a high-quality development stage, grape planting in the spatial distribution showed an expansion trend, the degree of concentration and imbalance was slightly reduced, the regional layout and variety structure were optimized to some extent, but the grape industry in Xinjiang was still in a high degree of centralized distribution
Modeling problems legal regulation of the field of artificial intelligence
Authors: Antonov V.V. , Kharisova Z.I. , Kalimullin N.R. , Abdulnagimov A.I.
Published: March 2021

The analysis of the current state of regulation issues at various levels of the development and application of artificial intelligence systems is presented. Key issues in the field of regulation of robotic systems are considered. Possible threats are described, a model for the formation of artificial intelligence systems, including the ones for high-risk facilities is proposed.
Cloud processing of security events for VANET distributed sensors
Authors: Bolodurina I P , Ushakov Y A , Parfenov D I , Cui J
Published: March 2021

Machine-to-machine communication networks, which are related to human activities, are today one of the fastest growing IT sectors. The most vulnerable in terms of security is the Internet of Things and VANET segments. When devices interact, various types of targeted attacks are possible, as well as failures or random dangerous events. The handling and response to security events, in this case, must be fast. However, the specificity of VANET networks does not allow the use of classical intrusion prevention systems due to the constant movement between connection points, for example, in LTE or 5G networks. The article is devoted to the possibility of quickly deploying a cluster of security events analysis based on containerization on existing virtual machines that are closest to the event source. The analysis of the scaling speed, as well as the performance limits of event processing processes on various configurations of the data analysis cluster.
Possible lightweight modification of hashing algorithms GOST R 34.11-94 and GOST R 34.11-2012
Authors: Bystrevskii S A , Borshevnikov A E , Starodubov M I
Published: March 2021

The paper discusses the development of a lightweight modification of the hashing algorithms GOST R 34.11-2012 and GOST R 34.11-94. The quality of optimization of the obtained algorithms and their safety are considered.
Analysis of the Use of Artificial Immune Systems
Authors: Mikherskii R M , Mikherskii M R
Published: March 2021

Artificial immune systems are systems of artificial intelligence at the basis of work, which are based on the principles of the functioning of the biological immune system. These systems are of great interest from researchers developing models and algorithms in the field of machine learning for solving complex computational and engineering problems. In the presented work, a review of modern methods for the implementation of artificial immune systems is carried out, taking into account the results obtained recently.
Poisoning attack of the training dataset for on-line signature authentication using the perceptron
Authors: Kostyuchenko Evgeny , Lodonova Balgit , Usoltsev Yakov , Konovalov Artem
Published: March 2021

The study of the dependences of the effectiveness of a poisoning attack for the task of on-line signature authentication using a perceptron to make a decision. The dependences on the structure of the neural network, the volume of poisoning sets and the noise of the training sample were studied. Conclusions are drawn on the lack of the ability to detect such attacks by changing the overall accuracy of the system.
A method for controlling groups of unmanned aerial vehicles in a virtual environment using haptic gloves
Authors: Antonov V O , Arustamov D A , Zavolokina U V , Apurin A A
Published: March 2021

The development of control of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is caused by the lack of developments that allow you to perform a fully autonomous flight to the target position with automatic bypass of static and dynamic obstacles. To ensure the correct execution of the flight task, many methods and algorithms have been developed, however, almost all of them are designed only for performing the UAV flight task in manual or semi-automatic mode. However, there are no widely available developments that allow you to perform a fully autonomous flight. Also, existing UAV control systems have low interactivity, due to the fact that the operator uses a two-dimensional map to control the UAV and also most often one joystick to control one UAV. Based on this, the purpose of this work is to increase interactivity and visibility in the management of UAV groups by developing a system for forming a flight task and control in a virtual environment using haptic gloves. The creation of a system for forming a flight task and managing groups of UAVs will allow the use of UAVs in various areas of human activity, including in conditions that are dangerous to human health and life. The description is presented, both mathematical and software. The advantages, disadvantages and limitations of the proposed method are analyzed.
Improving the Efficiency of Non-Autoclaved Silicate Materials Based on Aluminosilicate Feedstock through the Use of a Synthetic Crystalline Filler
Authors: Volodchenko A A
Published: March 2021

Currently, there are various ways to improve the performance specifications of building composites of various functional purposes. Thus, one of the possible ways to improve the performance specifications of building materials is to control and modify the composite structuring processes at the microlevel by using of various crystal seeds. The studies have established the possibility of improving the performance specifications of non-autoclaved silicate materials based on non-conventional aluminosilicate feedstock, which consists in the crystallochemical modification of the CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O system with a synthetic crystalline filler C-S-H mainly represented by low-basic calcium hydrosilicates of variable composition. The optimal CaO and crystalline filler C-S-H contents at which the maximum strength characteristics are ensured are 8 and 2.5 %, respectively. The use of the synthetic crystalline filler in the technology of non-autoclaved silicate materials based on non-conventional aluminosilicate feedstock allows increasing the softening coefficient by 15-20% which may expand the scope of this material.
Architectural and City-Planning Appearance of Multifunctional Transport and Transfer Units as Exemplified by Moscow
Authors: Shamaeva T
Published: March 2021

When developing multifunctional passenger traffic systems, two functions must be considered: that of a transfer hub and a commercial facility. Multifunctional transfer systems (90% of the facilities examined) are constructed in two stages. Firstly, the transfer hub gets built and commissioned. It facilitates comfortable passenger transfer and service between different means of transport. The average land area proportion of a transfer hub (TH) in a land-use project (LUP) amounts to 35-55%. The commercial space takes up about 45-65% of the entire LUP area. Transfer hubs (100%) comprise buildings and other constructions that serve various purposes, which manifests their multifunctional system properties. Parking lot design should become an integral part of developing TH units not included in the commercial part of the facility.

Developing such facilities is a multi-stage process engaging specialists from various and vast areas. This type of dominant facilities are important to cities in terms of both transportation and architecture or city-building, and thus they require an individual approach to their development and construction.
Space-planning Solutions for New Type of Retail and Warehouse Buildings
Authors: Shamaeva T
Published: March 2021

Modern trade formats require changes to the typology of trade buildings. New titles and space-planning solutions emerge to build new trade and warehouse buildings. This article deals with the analysis and identification of the specific features of space-planning solutions for such buildings. A new type of public trade or warehouse building is characterized by large storage areas (70-85% of the overall area of premises), extensive product ranges, and small retail areas (up to 3-4% of the overall area). Orders and payments are made via the Internet of the digital terminals in the retail area. High (over 5.5 m) shelf and pallet storage practices are used. At warehouses, attics, panels, and built-in structures are used for storing things or as utility rooms, and seldom as office and amenity rooms. The buildings have the frame structure of metal and partially concrete.

Simple room architecture and suspended sandwich panel facades make these buildings look like warehouses. The built-up area for the majority of the facilities is over 10,000-15,000 square meters. The overall building floor space is over 15,000 square meters.
Nanocarbon Additives Application in the Polyvinyl Chloride Siding Panels Manufacture
Authors: Kopylov M V , Kleymenova N L , Bolgova I N , Zheltoukhova E Y
Published: March 2021

With the development of building technologies, there is a need for new finishing materials that must meet the requirements of modern standards. This concerns not only the pricing policy, but also the high quality of promising materials, that first of all, is manifested in strength characteristics. In order to strengthen and preserve the heat-insulating properties and corrosion resistance, it is proposed to introduce schungite of type III of various grades in the formulation of siding panels made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The analysis of the quality indicators of PVC panels was carried out and three main indicators were identified: melt flow rate; Charpy impact strength; bending stress. PVC siding panels with the addition of shungite were produced by injection molding. As a result of experimental studies, the dependence of the Charpy impact strength of PVC panel samples without notching and bending stress on the bulk density of schungite was revealed, and scattering diagrams of the dependence of the melt flow rate on the polymerization time and the melt flow rate on the PVC concentration were constructed. The effect of schungite concentration of various grades on the melt flow rate was revealed. The dependence of shungite application as a reinforcing filler on the decrease in the melt flow rate in comparison with the traditional filler is determined.
Adaptation of Parks for People with Disabilities in Hill Terrain of Vladivostok
Authors: Kopeva A , Maslovskaia O , Ivanova O , Zaitseva T
Published: March 2021

The relevance of the study is determined by the need to create a sustainable, comfortable, safe, and accessible environment for people with disabilities (PWDs) in modern public open spaces (POS). Green parks are key elements of landscapes of POS and urban sustainability, improving the quality of the environment and life of society. Design, reconstruction of the landscape organization of green POS and, in particular, green parks, based on principles of Universal Design (UD), allow all city dwellers, including PWDs, have equal conditions in receiving positive emotions from communication with nature, comfortable rest, play sports to maintain self-confidence. Objects of study are green urban green parks in the hilly terrain of Vladivostok, requiring landscape adaptation for PWDs. The goal of the study is the development of an experimental project proposal for a green park in hill terrain based on UD design guidelines. To achieve this goal the study summarizes the theoretical sources for the use of principles of UD when forming green POS; analysis the availability of elements of an accessible environment in green parks in hill terrain of Vladivostok; performed the experimental projects for landscape adaptation of green parks for PWDs in hill terrain of Vladivostok, based on principles of UD.
Concerning One Approach to the Selection of Organizational and Engineering Solutions for Building Construction
Authors: Sinenko S , Poznakhirko T
Published: March 2021

The construction process is implemented by methods differing from each other in the materials, mechanisms, tools, construction equipment used, as well as the qualitative and quantitative composition of the units and teams of workers. Each of these factors, in turn, is characterized by certain engineering, technical and economic indicators. Therefore, precise optimization models play an important role when assessing and selecting rational values for the parameters of technical, organizational and engineering solutions. Different methods and models can be used including direct enumeration of alternatives when choosing the optimal (rational) values of the parameters characterizing technical, organizational and engineering solutions. Models of this kind are extensively described in the literature and are widely used in practice. Such optimization problems are solved using a variety of methods of linear, nonlinear, stochastic programming. One of these methods is described in this paper.