bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating Dynamics into Design and Motion Optimization of a 3-PRR Planar Parallel Manipulator with Discrete Time Transfer Matrix Method
Authors: Si Guoning , Chu Mengqiu , Zhang Zhuo , Li Haijie , Zhang Xuping
Published: May 2020

This paper presents a novel method of dynamic modeling and design optimization integrated with dynamics for parallel robot manipulators. Firstly, a computationally efficient modeling method, the discrete time transfer matrix method (DT-TMM), is proposed to establish the dynamic model of a 3-PRR planar parallel manipulator (PPM) for the first time. The numerical simulations are performed with both the proposed DT-TMM dynamic modeling and the ADAMS modeling. The applicability and effectiveness of DT-TMM in parallel manipulators are verified by comparing the numerical results. Secondly, the design parameters of the 3-PRR parallel manipulator are optimized using the kinematic performance indices, such as global workspace conditioning index (GWCI), global condition index (GCI), and global gradient index (GGI). Finally, a dynamic performance index, namely, driving force index (DFI), is proposed based on the established dynamic model. The described motion trajectory of the moving platform is placed into the optimized workspace and the initial position is determined to finalize the end-effector trajectory of the parallel manipulator by the further optimization with the integrated kinematic and dynamic performance indices. The novelty of this work includes (1) developing a new dynamic model method with high computation efficiency for parallel robot manipulators using DT-TMM and (2) proposing a new dynamic performance index and integrating the dynamic index into the motion and design optimization of parallel robot manipulators.
Systematic Investigation of Polyurethane Biomaterial Surface Roughness on Human Immune Responses in vitro
Authors: Segan Sören , Jakobi Meike , Khokhani Paree , Klimosch Sascha , Billing Florian , Schneider Markus , Martin Dagmar , Metzger Ute , Biesemeier Antje , Xiong Xin , Mukherjee Ashutosh , Steuer Heiko , Keller Bettina-Maria , Joos Thomas , Schmolz Manfred , Rothbauer Ulrich , Hartmann Hanna , Burkhardt Claus , Lorenz Günter , Schneiderhan-Marra Nicole , Shipp Christopher
Published: May 2020

It has been widely shown that biomaterial surface topography can modulate host immune response, but a fundamental understanding of how different topographies contribute to pro‐inflammatory or anti‐inflammatory responses is still lacking. To investigate the impact of surface topography on immune response, we undertook a systematic approach by analyzing immune response to eight grades of medical grade polyurethane of increasing surface roughness in three in vitro models of the human immune system. Polyurethane specimens were produced with defined roughness values by injection molding according to the VDI 3400 industrial standard. Specimens ranged from 0.1 μm to 18 μm in average roughness (Ra), which was confirmed by confocal scanning microscopy. Immunological responses were assessed with THP‐1‐derived macrophages, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and whole blood following culture on polyurethane specimens. As shown by the release of pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines in all three models, a mild immune response to polyurethane was observed, however, this was not associated with the degree of surface roughness. Likewise, the cell morphology (cell spreading, circularity, and elongation) in THP‐1‐derived macrophages and the expression of CD molecules in the PBMC model on T cells (HLA‐DR and CD16), NK cells (HLA‐DR), and monocytes (HLA‐DR, CD16, CD86, and CD163) showed no influence of surface roughness. In summary, this study shows that modifying surface roughness in the micrometer range on polyurethane has no impact on the pro‐inflammatory immune response. Therefore, we propose that such modifications do not affect the immunocompatibility of polyurethane, thereby supporting the notion of polyurethane as a biocompatible material.
SHPB Testing and Analysis of Bedded Shale under Active Confining Pressure
Authors: Yang Guoliang , Bi Jingjiu , Li Xuguang , Liu Jie , Feng Yanjie
Published: May 2020

Shale gas is the most important new energy source in the field of energy, and its exploitation is very important. The research on the dynamic mechanical properties of shale is the premise of exploitation. To study the dynamic mechanical properties of shale from the Changning-Weiyuan area of Sichuan Province, China, under confining pressure, we used a split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test system with an active containment device to carry out dynamic compression tests on shale with different bedding angles. (1) With active confining pressure, the shale experiences a high strain rate, and its stress-strain curve exhibits obvious plastic deformation. (2) For the same impact pressure, the peak stress of shale describes a U-shaped curve with an increasing bedding angle; besides, the peak stress of shale with different bedding angles increases linearly with rising confining pressure. The strain rate shows a significant confining pressure enhancement effect. With active confining pressure, the peak strain gradually decreases as the bedding angle increases. (3) As a result of the influence of different bedding angles, the dynamic elastic modulus of shale has obvious anisotropic characteristics. Shale with different bedding angles exhibits different rates of increase in the dynamic elastic modulus with rising confining pressure, which may be related to differences in the development of planes of weakness in the shale. The results of this study improve our understanding of the behavior of bedded shale under stress.
Neuroprotective Effects of D‐(‐)‐Quinic Acid on Aluminum Chloride‐Induced Dementia in Rats
Authors: Liu Lu , Liu Yonggang , Zhao Jing , Xing Xiaoming , Zhang Chao , Meng Huihong
Published: May 2020

Objective. The present study was designed to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of D‐(‐)‐quinic acid on aluminum chloride‐ (AlCl3‐) induced neurobehavioral and biochemical changes in rats. This study showed the behavioral and biochemical effects of D‐(‐)‐quinic acid on rats with particular emphasis on the hippocampus and frontal cortex which are associated with memory. Materials and Methods. Chronic administration of aluminum chloride at a dose of 175 mg/kg, p.o. for a period of 25 days markedly increased the level of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and reduced the levels of antioxidant enzymes in the brain. Two doses of D‐(‐)‐quinic acid (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) were selected based on previous safety/toxicity studies and administered orally from the 26th day to the 36th day of the trial. Behavioral parameters were assessed using the Morris water maze test and an actophotometer in rats. Biochemical parameter content and histology of brain tissue were assessed on the final day of the experiment. Results. D‐(‐)‐Quinic acid (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg) orally administered alongside AlCl3 rescued AChE activity and the behavioral impairments caused by aluminum. There was significant inhibition of MAO‐B in D‐(‐)‐quinic acid‐treated rats. Histopathological studies in the hippocampus and cortex of the rat brain also supported that D‐(‐)‐quinic acid markedly reduced the toxicity of AlCl3 and preserved the normal histoarchitecture pattern of the hippocampus and cortex. These results indicate that D‐(‐)‐quinic acid can reverse memory loss caused by aluminum intoxication by attenuating AChE activity and rescuing the deleterious effect of AlCl3.
Electrochemical Study of Anodized Titanium in Phosphoric Acid
Authors: Khadiri M. , Elyaagoubi M. , Idouhli R. , Koumya Y. , Zakir O. , Benzakour J. , Benyaich A. , Abouelfida A. , Outzourhit A.
Published: May 2020

The anodization of the Ti‐Cu (2%) alloy was carried out in a 5M H3PO4 solution for 2 minutes. The obtained layers are characterized by XPS, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the obtained films are composed of poorly crystallized TiO2 oxide. Electrochemical Impedance spectroscopy studies revealed that the thickness of the formed film increases with increasing anodization potential. Additionally, the resistance of charge transfer becomes higher when the anodization potential increases. Thus, the Mott Schottky model revealed that the formed film is an n‐type semiconductor. The density of charge carriers is in good agreement with those found in the literature. Also, it is found that the flat‐band potential increases with increasing treatment potential.
Dynamic Analysis of Sandwich Auxetic Honeycomb Plates Subjected to Moving Oscillator Load on Elastic Foundation
Authors: Tran Thanh Trung , Pham Quoc Hoa , Nguyen-Thoi Trung , Tran The-Van
Published: May 2020

Based on Mindlin plate theory and finite element method (FEM), dynamic response analysis of sandwich composite plates with auxetic honeycomb core resting on the elastic foundation (EF) under moving oscillator load is investigated in this work. Moving oscillator load includes spring‐elastic k and damper c. The EF with two coefficients was modelled by Winkler and Pasternak. The system of equations of motion of the sandwich composite plate can be solved by Newmark’s direct integration method. The reliability of the present method is verified through comparison with the results other methods available in the literature. In addition, the effects of structural parameters, material properties, and moving oscillator loads to the dynamic response of the auxetic honeycomb plate are studied.
Concurrent Phacoemulsification and Encircling for Hypotony Maculopathy after Blunt Trauma
Authors: Baba Takayuki , Yokouchi Hirotaka , Yamamoto Shuichi
Published: May 2020

A 37-year-old Japanese man had his right eye hit by a fist. His right eye developed hypotony maculopathy and secondary cataract, and his visual acuity decreased to 20/200 with an intraocular pressure of 4 mmHg. He underwent phacoemulsification and aspiration, implantation of the intraocular lens, and encircling with a silicone tire. His visual acuity improved to 20/20 and stable for more than one year postoperatively. The intraocular pressure in his right eye increased to 12 mmHg, and maculopathy was resolved entirely. It was suggested that an encircling buckle obstructed the uveoscleral outflow through the cyclodialysis and increased intraocular pressure. Concurrent cataract surgery and encircling was sufficient to improve the vision.
A Static Magnetic Field Inhibits the Migration and Telomerase Function of Mouse Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Fan Zhu , Hu Pingdong , Xiang Lekang , Liu Ying , He Rongqiao , Lu Tao
Published: May 2020

Static magnetic field (SMF) has a potential as a cancer therapeutic modality due to its specific inhibitory effects on the proliferation of multiple cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear, and just a few studies have examined the effects of SMF on metastasis, an important concern in cancer treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effects of moderate SMF (~150 mT) on the proliferation and migration of 4T1 breast cancer cells. Our results showed that SMF treatment accelerated cell proliferation but inhibited cell migration. Further, SMF treatment shortened the telomere length, decreased telomerase activity, and inhibited the expression of the cancer‐specific marker telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), which may be related to expression upregulation of e2f1, a transcription repressor of TERT and positive regulator of the mitotic cell cycle. Our results revealed that SMF repressed both, cell migration and telomerase function. The telomerase network is responsive to SMF and may be involved in SMF‐mediated cancer‐specific effects; moreover, it may function as a therapeutic target in magnetic therapy of cancers.
Finite-Time Stability for a Class of Underactuated Systems Subject to Time-Varying Disturbance
Authors: Wu Jie , Yang Dan , He Xinyi , Li Xiaodi
Published: May 2020

Based on the classical finite-time stability theory, the problem of finite-time stability (FTS) for time-varying nonlinear systems is investigated in this paper. Several FTS theorems involving global form and local form are presented, and an estimate of the settling-time of such systems is obtained. As an application, we consider the problem of asymptotic stabilization of the Brockett integrator subject to time-varying disturbance. By the switched finite-time controller design methodology, we establish a sufficient condition to guarantee the relative asymptotic stability. For Brockett-like integrator subject to time-varying disturbance, we achieve better convergence performance. Examples and their simulations are given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed results.
Evaluation of Respiratory Muscle Strength and Diaphragm Ultrasound: Normative Values, Theoretical Considerations, and Practical Recommendations
Authors: Spiesshoefer Jens , Herkenrath Simon , Henke Carolin , Langenbruch Lisa , Schneppe Marike , Randerath Winfried , Young Peter , Brix Tobias , Boentert Matthias
Published: May 2020

Background: Reference values derived from existing diaphragm ultrasound protocols are inconsistent, and the association between sonographic measures of diaphragm function and volitional tests of respiratory muscle strength is still ambiguous. Objective: To propose a standardized and comprehensive protocol for diaphragm ultrasound in order to determine lower limits of normal (LLN) for both diaphragm excursion and thickness in healthy subjects and to explore the association between volitional tests of respiratory muscle strength and diaphragm ultrasound parameters. Methods: Seventy healthy adult subjects (25 men, 45 women; age 34 ± 13 years) underwent spirometric lung function testing, determination of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure along with ultrasound evaluation of diaphragm excursion and thickness during tidal breathing, deep breathing, and maximum voluntary sniff. Excursion data were collected for amplitude and velocity of diaphragm displacement. Diaphragm thickness was measured in the zone of apposition at total lung capacity (TLC) and functional residual capacity (FRC). All participants underwent invasive measurement of transdiaphragmatic pressure (Pdi) during different voluntary breathing maneuvers. Results: Ultrasound data were successfully obtained in all participants (procedure duration 12 ± 3 min). LLNs (defined as the 5th percentile) for diaphragm excursion were as follows: (a) during tidal breathing: 1.2 cm (males; M) and 1.2 cm (females; F) for amplitude, and 0.8 cm/s (M) and 0.8 cm/s (F) for velocity, (b) during maximum voluntary sniff: 2.0 cm (M) and 1.5 cm (F) for amplitude, and 6.7 (M) cm/s and 5.2 cm/s (F) for velocity, and (c) at TLC: 7.9 cm (M) and 6.4 cm (F) for amplitude. LLN for diaphragm thickness was 0.17 cm (M) and 0.15 cm (F) at FRC, and 0.46 cm (M) and 0.35 cm (F) at TLC. Values for males were consistently higher than for females, independent of age. LLN for diaphragmatic thickening ratio was 2.2 with no difference between genders. LLN for invasively measured Pdi during different breathing maneuvers are presented. Voluntary Pdi showed only weak correlation with both diaphragm excursion velocity and amplitude during forced inspiration. Conclusions: Diaphragm ultrasound is an easy-to-perform and reproducible diagnostic tool for noninvasive assessment of diaphragm excursion and thickness. It supplements but does not replace respiratory muscle strength testing.
The Relationship between Overweight and Overactive Bladder Symptoms
Authors: Hagovska Magdaléna , Švihra Ján , Buková Alena , Horbacz Agata , Dračková Dana , Lupták Ján , Švihra Jr. Ján
Published: May 2020

Background: Several authors have investigated the relationship between obesity – assessed only by body mass index (BMI) – and overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between body fat percentage (BFP) and the severity of OAB symptoms with an impact on quality of life. Design: Cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of 206 overweight women; they were university students (BMI = 25.8 ± 3.0) with an average age of 30.6 ± 2.4 years. Body composition analysis was used, including assessment of BFP, visceral fat area (cm2/level), and other parameters. OAB symptoms were evaluated with an OAB questionnaire (OAB-q), voiding diary, and quality of life scale (I-QoL). Results: Ninety women had a BFP >32% and 116 had a BFP <32%. The voiding diary and OAB-q confirmed significant differences in 24-h daytime and nighttime frequency of voiding and average urine volume during the day. The OAB-q symptom score was lower in the group with BFP <32%. I-QoL recorded significantly worse parameters in the group with BFP >32% (p < 0.01). The Patient Perception of Intensity of Urgency Scale significantly correlated with BFP (r = 0.466, p < 0.001). Women with a BFP above 32% had a 1.95 times greater chance of developing OAB (odds ratio = 1.95, 95% CI = 1.09–3.52, p < 0.02). Conclusion: Young women with a BFP >32% were 95% more likely to have OAB than other young women with a BPF <32%.
Assessment of Atherosclerosis in Peripheral and Central Circulation in Adult β Thalassemia Intermedia Patients by Color Doppler Ultrasound: Egyptian Experience
Authors: Nassef Sahar , El Shenoufy Mai , Rawi Rasha , El Demerdash Doaa , Hassan Mai , Mustafa Heba , Mattar Mervat , El Husseiny Noha
Published: May 2020

Background: Atherosclerosis has been extensively studied in thalassemia major (TM) and sickle cell disease but not yet in β thalassemia intermedia (TI). Previous studies concerned with TM were performed in children. TI patients usually live longer and, thus, are more prone to complications of atherosclerosis. Aim: In our study, we applied color Doppler for the determination of arterial conduit and flow velocities in β TI patients. Methods: For central circulation, we measured right and left middle cerebral arteries (MCAs) and basilar artery (BA) mean flow velocity (MFV), pulsatility index (PI), and peak systolic velocity (PSV) as well as carotid intimal media thickness, and to assess peripheral circulation, we studied ankle/brachial index and posterior and anterior tibial arteries’ (ATA, PTA) pressure and PSV. This was applied for 30 adult TI patients and 20 age-, sex-, and ethnic group-matched controls. Results: Transcranial Doppler findings among cases and controls showed that the MFV, PSV of MCAs, and PSV, PI, and MFV of the BA were statistically higher in cases than controls. A comparison between splenectomized and nonsplenectomized patients showed that total leukocyte count, platelet count, lactate dehydrogenase, ferritin, PSV and MFV of the left MCA were all statistically higher in splenectomized cases. Differences between males and females with TI with respect to laboratory and Doppler findings were all statistically insignificant except for intima media thickness, PTA pressure, ATA pressure, and PSV. Conclusion: More than one parameter should be applied to assess atherosclerosis in TI. There is evidence of an increased risk of central ischemia rather than peripheral ischemia in these patients.
Supratentorial Brain Metrics Predict Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Very Preterm Infants without Brain Injury at Age 2 Years
Authors: Hammerl Marlene , Zagler Michaela , Zimmermann Martina , Griesmaier Elke , Janjic Tanja , Gizewski Elke Ruth , Kiechl-Kohlendorfer Ursula , Neubauer Vera
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Very preterm infants are at risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. To better identify children without brain injury at risk for developmental sequelae, we assessed predictive values of supratentorial brain metrics in relation to outcome. Methods: Very preterm infants underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at term-equivalent age. Infants with any grade of supra- or infratentorial brain injury according to Kidokoro et al. [Pediatrics 2014;134:e444–53] were excluded. Supratentorial brain metrics (biparietal width, extracerebral space, interhemispheric distance) were measured and categorised using existing cut-off values. The Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) and Mental Developmental Index (MDI) were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, second and third edition, at 2 years of age. Developmental delay was defined as a score <85. Positive and negative predictive values for developmental delay were calculated. Results: A total of 237 very preterm infants were enrolled. Of all infants, 59 (21.2%) showed developmental delay. Infants with z-scores less than –0.5 for biparietal width had significantly lower PDI (p = 0.039) and MDI (p = 0.042) than infants with normal z-scores. Enlargement of extracerebral spaces was also related to lower PDI (p = 0.047) and MDI (p = 0.036). Negative predictive value was highest when all brain metrics were within the normal range (PDI <85: 96.6%, MDI <85: 90.0%). Combining the biparietal width and the interhemispheric distance showed highest positive predictive values for developmental delay (MDI or PDI <85: 58.3%). Discussion: Supratentorial brain metrics are predictive for neurodevelopmental outcome in infants with ostensibly normal MRI. A combination of supratentorial brain metrics is most meaningful for identifying infants at risk for long-term sequelae.
Are Inflammatory Markers Significant Prognostic Factors for Head and Neck Cancer Patients?
Authors: Abelardo Edgardo , Davies Gareth , Kamhieh Yasmine , Prabhu Vinod
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Recent studies have reported that elevated levels of platelets and inflammatory markers are associated with poor treatment outcomes among patients with solid tumours, but reports are conflicting in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients. Objective: To establish if pre-treatment anti-inflammatory markers can be used as a prognostic tool of overall survival and tumour control among HNC patients. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the pre-treatment platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) of 147 HNC patients from 2014 to 2018 and analysed their association with tumour progression and overall treatment outcomes. The optimal cut-off was established at >200 for high PLR and >2.85 for high NLR. Results: After adjusting for age, disease stage, and treatment, patients with higher PLR had an almost 3 times higher risk of mortality during the study period than patients with normal PLR (hazard ratio [HR] 2.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.43–5.47, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the patients with higher NLR had an >2.5 times higher risk of mortality than those with normal NLR (HR 2.62, 95% CI 1.19–5.81, p = 0.02). Conclusion: This observational study shows that elevated PLR and NLR in HNC patients, who were treated with either surgery or primarily chemoradiotherapy, are associated with poor overall survival.
Local Acetaldehyde: Its Key Role in Alcohol-Related Oropharyngeal Cancer
Authors: Salaspuro Mikko
Published: May 2020

Background: Alcohol consumption and ethanol in alcoholic beverages are group 1 carcinogens, that is, carcinogenic to humans. However, ethanol itself is neither genotoxic nor mutagenic. Based on unique gene-epidemiologic and gene-biochemical evidence, the first metabolite of ethanol oxidation – acetaldehyde (ACH) – acts as a local carcinogen in the oropharynx. This review is focused on those facts, which highlight the importance of the oropharynx and local ACH in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related oropharyngeal cancer. Summary: The strongest evidence for the local carcinogenicity of ACH in man provides a point mutation in the aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) gene, which has randomized millions of alcohol consumers to markedly increased ACH exposure via saliva. This novel human cancer model is associated with manifold risk for oropharyngeal cancer and most importantly it is free from confounding factors markedly hampering epidemiological studies on alcohol-related cancer. The oropharynx is an ideal target organ for the cancer risk assessment of ACH. There is substantial epidemiological data on alcohol-related oropharyngeal cancer risk and also on salivary ACH concentrations among major risk groups for oropharyngeal cancer. Normal human saliva does not contain measurable levels of ACH. However, alcohol ingestion results within seconds in a concentration-dependent accumulation of ACH in saliva, which continues for up to 10–15 min after each sip of alcoholic beverage. This instant ACH exposure phase is followed by a long-term phase derived from ethanol diffused back to saliva from blood circulation. Microbes representing normal oral flora play a major role in local ACH formation from ethanol. In ALDH2-deficient subjects excess ACH during the long-term ACH exposure phase is most probably derived from salivary glands. Key Message: ALDH2 gene mutation proves the causal relationship between local ACH exposure via saliva and oropharyngeal cancer and provides new means for the quantitative assessment of local ACH exposure in relation to oropharyngeal cancer risk. Instant ACH formation from ethanol represents approximately 70–100% of total local ACH exposure. Ethanol present in “non-alcoholic” beverages and food forms an epidemiological bias in studies on alcohol-related upper digestive tract cancer. Responses: One should quit smoking, adopt sensible drinking habits, and maintain good oral hygiene. Genetic risk groups could be screened and educated. Consumption of beverages and foodstuffs containing low ethanol levels as well as alcoholic beverages containing high ACH levels should be minimized. To that aim, labelling of alcohol and ACH concentrations of all beverages and foodstuffs should be mandatory.
Rechallenge with Lenvatinib after Refractoriness to Initial Lenvatinib Followed by Sorafenib in a Patient with Metastatic Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Takinami Masaki , Yokota Tomoya
Published: May 2020

Two tyrosine kinase inhibitors, lenvatinib and sorafenib, are available systemic therapies for patients with metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, the treatment options for carcinoma refractory to both lenvatinib and sorafenib are limited. Here, we present a case of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma that showed resensitization to rechallenge with lenvatinib. A 72-year-old woman who had been diagnosed with papillary thyroid carcinoma with multiple lymph node and lung metastases progressed with the emergence of subcutaneous metastasis after 3 years of response to initial lenvatinib. Five months after switching to sorafenib, the tumor was enlarged with increased contrast enhancement on computed tomography, suggesting progressive disease. Three months after the reintroduction of lenvatinib, marked tumor shrinkage and a decrease in its contrast enhancement were seen. Rechallenge with lenvatinib showed tumor resensitization. Therefore, rechallenge with lenvatinib may be a treatment option in patients who have experienced progressive disease after initial response to lenvatinib and subsequent sorafenib.
The Role of the Hippo Pathway in Breast Cancer Carcinogenesis, Prognosis, and Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kyriazoglou Anastasios , Liontos Michalis , Zakopoulou Roubini , Kaparelou Maria , Tsiara Anna , Papatheodoridi Alkistis Maria , Georgakopoulou Rebecca , Zagouri Flora
Published: May 2020

Background: The Hippo pathway is a developmental pathway recently discovered in Drosophila melanogaster; in mammals it normally controls organ development and wound healing. Hippo signaling is deregulated in breast cancer (BC). MST1/2 and LATS1/2 kinases are the upstream molecular elements of Hippo signaling which phosphorylate and regulate the two effectors of Hippo signaling, YAP1 and TAZ cotranscriptional activators. The two molecular effectors of the Hippo pathway facilitate their activity through TEAD transcription factors. Several molecular pathways with known oncogenic functions cross-talk with the Hippo pathway. Methods: A systematic review studying the correlation of the Hippo pathway with BC tumorigenesis, prognosis, and treatment was performed. Results: Recent literature highlights the critical role of Hippo signaling in a wide spectrum of biological mechanisms in BC. Discussion: The Hippo pathway has a crucial position in BC molecular biology, cellular behavior, and response to treatment. Targeting the Hippo pathway could potentially improve the prognosis and outcome of BC patients.
Randomized Trial of Combined Aerobic, Resistance, and Cognitive Training to Improve Recovery From Stroke: Feasibility and Safety
Authors: Koch Sebastian , Tiozzo Eduard , Simonetto Marialaura , Loewenstein David , Wright Clinton B. , Dong Chuanhui , Bustillo Antonio , Perez‐Pinzon Miguel , Dave Kunjan R. , Gutierrez Carolina M. , Lewis John E. , Flothmann Marti , Mendoza‐Puccini M. Carolina , Junco Barbara , Rodriguez Zuzel , Gomes‐Osman Joyce , Rundek Tatjana , Sacco Ralph L.
Published: May 2020

Background

Physical exercise and cognitive training have been recommended to improve cognitive outcomes poststroke, but a multifaceted strategy including aerobic, resistance, and cognitive training to facilitate poststroke recovery has not been investigated. We aimed to assess the feasibility, adherence, and safety of a combined aerobic, resistance, and cognitive training intervention (
CARET
+
CTI
) after stroke.

Methods and Results

We prospectively randomized patients presenting with recent stroke to a comparison of a supervised 12‐week
CARET
+
CTI
program and a control group receiving sham
CARET
+
CTI
. Participants were scheduled for 3 weekly
CARET
and
CTI
sessions. All participants underwent pre‐ and postintervention assessments of strength, endurance, and cognition. The primary outcomes were feasibility and adherence, defined as the ratio of scheduled and observed visits, and safety. We enrolled 131 participants, of whom 37 withdrew from the study. There were 17 (20%) withdrawals in the
CARET
+
CTI
and 20 (44%) in the control group. The observed‐over‐expected visit ratio was significantly higher in the intervention than in the control group (0.74±0.30 versus 0.54±0.38;
P
=0.003). A total of 99 adverse events were reported by 59 participants, none of which were serious and related to the intervention. Greater gains in physical, cognitive, and mood outcomes were found in the
CARET
+
CTI
group than in the control group, but were not statistically significant after adjustments.

Conclusions

A
CARET
+
CTI
intervention, after stroke, is safe, feasible, and has satisfactory participant adherence over 12 weeks.

REGISTRATION

URL
:
https://www.clini​caltr​ials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02272426.
Relationship Between Platelet Reactivity and Ischemic and Bleeding Events After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in East Asian Patients: 1‐Year Results of the PENDULUM Registry
Authors: Nakamura Masato , Kadota Kazushige , Takahashi Akihiko , Kanda Junji , Anzai Hitoshi , Ishii Yasuhiro , Shibata Yoshisato , Yasaka Yoshinori , Takamisawa Itaru , Yamaguchi Junichi , Takeda Yoshihiro , Harada Atsushi , Motohashi Tomoko , Iijima Raisuke , Uemura Shiro , Murakami Yoshitaka ,   for the PENDULUM Registry Investigators*
Published: May 2020

Background

The balance between ischemic and bleeding events and their association with platelet reactivity in patients receiving antiplatelet therapy after percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
), which differs among regions, is not fully evaluated for East Asians. We examined ischemic/bleeding events and platelet reactivity in Japanese patients undergoing
PCI
and determined associations between high/low platelet reactivity and clinical outcomes.

Methods and Results

PENDULUM
(Platelet Reactivity in Patients with Drug Eluting Stent and Balancing Risk of Bleeding and Ischemic Event) is a prospective, multicenter registry of Japanese patients with
PCI
. Primary end points were incidence of first major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (
MACCE
) and first major bleeding events at 12 months post‐
PCI
. Platelet reactivity (P2Y
12
reaction unit
[PRU
] value) was measured at 12 to 48 hours post‐
PCI
; patients were grouped as having high
PRU
(>208), optimal
PRU
(>85 to ≤208), and low
PRU
(≤85).
MACCE
and major bleeding occurred in 4.4% and 2.8% of 6267 patients, respectively. The mean±SD
PRU
value was 182.1±77.1.
MACCE
was significantly higher in the high
PRU
(5.7%; n=2227) versus the optimal
PRU
group (3.6%; n=3002). The hazard ratio (HR) for high
PRU
versus optimal
PRU
level was significantly higher for
MACCE
(adjusted HR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.14–2.06 [
P
=0.004]); stent thrombosis followed the same trend. Incidence of major bleeding did not differ significantly between groups. A high
PRU
level was significantly associated with
MACCE
in both patients with and patients without acute coronary syndrome.

Conclusions

These real‐world data suggest an association between high platelet reactivity and cardiovascular events in Japanese patients undergoing
PCI
. The trend was the same in both patients with and patients without acute coronary syndrome.

REGISTRATION

URL
:
https://www.umin.ac.jp/ctr
. Unique identifier:
UMIN
000020332.
Sex Differences in Oral Anticoagulation and Outcomes of Stroke and Intracranial Bleeding in Newly Diagnosed Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Yong Celina M. , Tremmel Jennifer A. , Lansberg Maarten G. , Fan Jun , Askari Mariam , Turakhia Mintu P.
Published: May 2020

Background

Female sex is an independent predictor of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Older data suggest undertreatment with anticoagulation among women compared with men. However, it is unknown if novel therapies and updated guidelines have impacted sex differences in AF treatment and outcomes.

Methods and Results

We performed a retrospective cohort study of 2.3 million women and men with a new diagnosis of AF and CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc ≥2 from Marketscan US commercial claims data from 2008 to 2015 to determine whether women with AF remain undertreated and whether this difference mediates observed differences in outcomes. There were 358 649 patients with newly diagnosed AF (43% women). Compared with men, women were older, with higher CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc scores, and higher comorbidity burden (
P
<0.0001 for all). Oral anticoagulation‐eligible women with CHA
2
DS
2
‐VASc scores ≥2 were more likely to not receive anticoagulation (50.0% women versus 43.9% men). Women, compared with men, had a higher risk of ischemic stroke (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.27; 95% CI, 1.21–1.32;
P
<0.0001) and hospitalization (aHR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.05–1.07,
P
<0.0001) but had a lower risk of intracranial bleeding (aHR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83–0.99,
P
=0.03). In mediation analysis, nonreceipt of oral anticoagulation partially mediated the observed increased risk of stroke and decreased risk of intracranial bleeding in women.

Conclusions

In the care of newly diagnosed AF in the United States, women, compared with men, are less likely to receive oral anticoagulation. This appears to mediate the increased risk of both stroke and hospitalization but also appears to mediate lower observed intracranial bleeding risk.
Supplemental Radiofrequency Ablation After Acutely Unsuccessful Cryoballoon Pulmonary Vein Isolation is Associated With Increased Risk of Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Huang Henry D. , Pietrasik Grzegorz , Abid Qurrat‐ul‐ain , Sharma Parikshit S. , Krishnan Kousik , Larsen Timothy R. , Trohman Richard G.
Published: May 2020

Background

Cryoballoon (
CB
) ablation is widely performed for pulmonary vein isolation (
PVI
) in patients with atrial fibrillation (
AF
). Anatomic variations in patient pulmonary vein (
PV)
anatomy are believed to impact short‐ and long‐term procedural success of
CB PVI
.

Methods and Results

We hypothesized that failure of initial
PV
isolation with a standard technique (ie, requiring >2 freeze cycles per
PV
and/or radiofrequency ablation [RFA] to achieve
PV
isolation) during index
CB PVI
procedures would be associated with decreased freedom from
AF
. We examined a cohort of 177 consecutive patients with drug‐refractory
AF
who underwent CB
PVI
with a 28‐mm balloon second‐generation
CB
device. Mean follow‐up time was 19±9 months. Forty‐three patients had
AF
recurrence after the 90‐day blanking period after ablation. In 40 patients, acute isolation of one or more
PV
s could not be achieved by
CB
ablation with the standard technique (single freeze with or without bonus freeze). To obtain complete acute
PVI
, 15 patients received extra freeze applications, 20 required supplemental
RFA
, and 5 received both extra freeze applications and supplemental
RFA
. Multivariate regression analysis revealed supplemental
RFA
use during index CB
PVI
procedures was independently associated with a threefold increased risk of
AF
recurrence (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.01; 1.45–10.87;
P
=0.003).

Conclusions

Use of supplemental
RFA
during
CB PVI
procedures to assist with isolation of one or more
PV
s was independently associated with increased risk of
AF
recurrence. Use of additional freezes to achieve
PVI
did not increase the risk for recurrent
AF
.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 and the Cerebrovascular‐Cardiovascular Systems: What Do We Know So Far?
Authors: Larson Anthony S. , Savastano Luis , Kadirvel Ramanathan , Kallmes David F. , Hassan Ameer E. , Brinjikji Waleed
Published: May 2020

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic of 2019 to 2020 has resulted in multiple hospitalizations, deaths, and economic hardships worldwide. Although respiratory involvement in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (
COVID
‐19) is well known, the potential cardiovascular and cerebrovascular manifestations are less understood. We performed a PubMed and Google Scholar search and reviewed relevant literature on
COVID
‐19 and cardiovascular system involvement. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 possesses high affinity for angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 receptor, which is highly concentrated in the lungs and cardiovascular tissue, thereby provoking concern for cardiovascular involvement in
COVID
‐19 cases. Preexisting cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease has been shown in previous reports to be a risk factor for severe infection. On the basis of our review of published studies,
COVID
‐19 patients may be more likely to experience acute cardiac injury, arrhythmia, coagulation defects, and acute stroke and are likely to have poorer outcomes as a result. As the
COVID
‐19 pandemic continues, more data about potential cardiovascular and cerebrovascular manifestations of the disease are required.
Variability of leaf blade anatomical traits in the Sesleria juncifolia complex (Poaceae) on the Balkan Peninsula

Authors: ĐENADER TIJANA , LAKUŠIĆ DMITAR , KUZMANOVIĆ NEVENA
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the results of a detailed study of leaf blade anatomical traits of populations of the Sesleria juncifolia complex from the Balkan Peninsula. The measurements were performed on cross sections of 302 tiller leaf blades from 24 populations. We calculated basic descriptive statistics for each character state. Principal component and canonical discriminant analyses were used to identify the structure of variability and the characters that majorly contributed to the differentiation of the defined groups. Cluster analysis was done to estimate the distances among the studied populations. We provide a detailed description of the leaf blade anatomy of the different populations of S. juncifolia complex investigated within Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Serbia and North Macedonia. The results show that most of the characters exhibit moderate degrees of variation. The principal component analysis shows slight separation of populations from northwestern Croatia. Canonical discriminant analysis shows that the three a priori defined groups—three species, S. interrupta, S. juncifolia and S. ujhelyii, can be distinguished based on leaf blade anatomical characters. In addition to the characters that were singled out as statistically most significant for differentiation of the three species in discriminant function analysis, the most useful characters for their delimitation are the length of the trichomes on the adaxial side of the leaf, as well as qualitative characters such as the sclerenchyma on the abaxial side of the leaf (continuous or interrupted) and the type of indumentum of the adaxial side of the leaf (very hairy, hairs long vs. very weakly hairy, hairs short). The northwestern populations of S. juncifolia mostly have glabrous leaves or single hairs on the adaxial side of the leaf, while in S. interrupta and S. ujhelyii populations, individuals always have hairy leaves. The presence of continuous subepidermal sclerenchyma has proven to be a good differential character for separating S. ujhelyii from the S. juncifolia and S. interrupta.
Trichoneura peruviana (Poaceae, Trichoneurinae), a new species from Peru

Authors: GUTIÉRREZ HAROL , CASTAÑEDA ROXANA , MONTESINOS-TUBÉE DANIEL B. , LÓPEZ JORGE , GONZALES TERESA , NORABUENA M. EDGAR , SOTELO M. ALEJANDRINA
Published: May 2020

Trichoneura peruviana sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The new species, from the Western Cordillera de los Andes in Peru, in the middle of the snowy Goylanto and Paylogen at Omate valley, differs from T. lindleyana in having longer glumes (lower glumes 5–5.25 × 0.2–0.25 mm and upper glumes 5.5–5.7 × 0.3–0.4 mm), shorter fertile lemmas 2.1–2.5 mm long with ciliate margins, the cilia 0.5–0.6 mm long, and the lemma apex is dentate, 2−fid, and 1-awned with awns 1.5−3.5 mm long. A key to the species of Trichoneura in Peru is included and the conservation status of the new species is evaluated.
Carnivorous sponges from the Australian Bathyal and Abyssal zones collected during the RV Investigator 2017 Expedition
Authors: EKINS MERRICK , ERPENBECK DIRK , HOOPER JOHN N.A.
Published: May 2020

This research presents 17 new species of carnivorous sponges from the family Cladorhizidae sampled at bathyal and abyssal depths off the east coast of Australia during the RV Investigator 2017 Abyss Expedition. The species are comprised of six genera: Abyssocladia escheri sp. nov., A. annae sp. nov., A. gliscofila sp. nov., Asbestopluma (Asbestopluma) maxisigma sp. nov., Cladorhiza australis nov. sp., C. poritea sp. nov., C. investigator sp. nov., C. moniqueae sp. nov., C. pentaeiros sp. nov., Chondrocladia (Chondrocladia) freycinetensis sp. nov., Ch. (Ch.) callistemonex sp. nov., Ch. (Ch.) zygainadentonis sp. nov., Lycopodina nikitawimandi sp. nov., L. helios sp. nov., L. cassida sp. nov., L. brochidodroma sp. nov. and Euchelipluma claudochela sp. nov. Only three carnivorous species, A. desmophora, As. (As.) desmophora and C. (Meliiderma) tasmaniensis, have been recorded from Australia previously. This expedition also recovered two described species commonly recorded from the Southern Hemisphere Ch. (Ch.) clavata and L. calyx. This paper also redescribes two species from the South Pacific i.e. C. mirabilis and C. similis.
The rose chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) of Angola: a descriptive checklist with new records and synonymic notes
Authors: SERRANO ARTUR R. M. , CAPELA RÚBEN A. , NUNES TELMO , SANTOS CARMEN VAN-DÚNEM NETO
Published: May 2020

An annotated checklist of the species and subspecies of rose chafers (Scarabaeidae: Cetoniinae) hitherto known from Angola is given. This list includes species records from recent entomological trips in that country (2014, 2015 and 2017) and from Portuguese museums and private collections. A total of 177 species and 31 subspecies are recorded for Angola, including 32 endemic species/subspecies (15.4%). Some species are represented by only the holotype specimen (some without locality) or the type series. Others were recorded based on a single specimen. Records for four genera, one subgenus, twenty nine species and four subspecies previously unknown from Angola are given. A new synonymy is established: Ruteroides Gomes Alves, 1973 is proposed as a junior synonym of Pseudinca Kraatz, 1880. Consequently, Ruteroides fradei Gomes Alves, 1973 is transferred to Pseudinca. A brief historical review, as well as some considerations on the distribution and conservation status of these beetles in Angola is also presented.
Revision of Eupines King of New Zealand (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Pselaphinae: Goniaceritae)
Authors: SHEN JIA-WEI , LESCHEN RICHARD A. B.
Published: May 2020

The species-rich genus Eupines King of New Zealand is revised to include 48 species, with 22 known species redescribed. Twenty-two new species are described: Eupines (Byraxis) brevis sp. n., E. (B.) caesta sp. n., E. (B.) carinata sp. n., E. (B.) coalita sp. n., E. (B.) complector sp. n., E. (B.) dugdalei sp. n., E. (B.) gigas sp. n., E. (B.) graceae sp. n., E. (B.) huizhenae sp. n., E. (B.) hoarei sp. n., E. (B.) insolita sp. n., E. (B.) mayae sp. n., E. (B.) minuta sp. n., E. (B.) obtusa sp. n., E. (B.) ovalis sp. n., E. (B.) pannicula sp. n., E. (B.) petila sp. n., E. (B.) protibialis sp. n., E. (B.) whirinaki sp. n., E. (B.) waikaremoana sp. n., Eupines (Eupines) undecim sp. n. and Eupines novem sp. n. The following 11 synonymies are proposed: E. (B.) dispar (Sharp) (= E. (B.) munroi Broun syn. n.), E. (B.) hectori Broun (= E. (B.) diversides Newton syn. n.), E. (B.) impar (Sharp) (= E. (B.) sanguineua Broun syn. n., E. (B.) foveatissima Broun syn. n.), E. (B.) monstrosa (Reitter) (= E. (B.) rudicornis Broun syn. n., E. (B.) costata Broun syn. n.), E. (B.) mundula (Schaufuss) (= E. (B.) forficulida Broun syn. n.), E. (B.) paganus (Broun) (= E. (B.) allocera Broun syn. n., E. (B.) sylvicola Broun syn. n., E. (B.) rhyssarthra Broun syn. n.) and Eupinolus altulus (Broun) (= E. (E.) nasuta Broun syn. n.). New combinations are proposed for four species previously described in Eupines: Eupinolus calcaratus (Broun) new comb., Eupinolus nasutus (Broun) new comb., Gastrobothrus ignotus (Broun) new comb. and Gastrobothrus platynotus (Broun) new comb. A key and distribution maps for all New Zealand members of Eupines are provided.
Finescale Clusterization Intermittency of Turbulence in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer
Authors: Liu Lei , Hu Fei
Published: May 2020

The intermittency of atmospheric turbulence plays an important role in the understanding of particle dispersal in the atmospheric boundary layer and in the statistical simulation of high-frequency wind speed in various applications. There are two kinds of intermittency, namely, the magnitude intermittency (MI) related to non-Gaussianity and the less studied clusterization intermittency (CI) related to long-term correlation. In this paper, we use a 20 Hz ultrasonic dataset lasting for 1 month to study CI of turbulent velocity fluctuations at different scales. Basing on the analysis of return-time distribution of telegraphic approximation series, we propose to use the shape parameter of the Weibull distribution to measure CI. Observations of this parameter show that contrary to MI, CI tends to weaken as the scale increases. Besides, significant diurnal variations, showing that CI tends to strengthen during the daytime (under unstable conditions) and weaken during the nighttime (under stable conditions), are found at different observation heights. In the convective boundary layer, the mixed-layer similarity is found to scale the CI exponent better than the Monin–Obukhov similarity. At night, CI is found to vary less with height in the regime with large mean wind speeds than in the regime with small mean wind speeds, according to the hockey-stick theory.