bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Design: Case-Control Studies
Authors: Andrade Chittaranjan
Published: May 2022

Case-control studies are observational studies in which cases are subjects who have a characteristic of interest, such as a clinical diagnosis, and controls are (usually) matched subjects who do not have that characteristic. After cases and controls are identified, researchers “look back” to determine what past events (exposures), if any, are significantly associated with caseness. For “looking back,” data may be obtained by clinical history-taking or from medical records such as case files or large electronic health care databases. The data are analyzed using logistic regression, which adjusts for confounding variables and yields an odds ratio and a probability value for the association between the exposure of interest (independent variable) and caseness (dependent variable). Because case-control studies are not randomized controlled studies, cause–effect relationships do not necessarily explain significant associations detected in the regressions; unexplored confounding may be responsible. These concepts are explained with the help of examples.
Teen Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI): Hindi Translation and Validation for Use in India
Authors: Sharma Renu , Dhawan Anju , Kaminer Yifarh , Chopra Anita
Published: May 2022

Background:

Substance use among adolescents is increasing rapidly and becoming a global health concern worldwide. Because of the changing trends and rising magnitude in India, there is an urgent need to adapt and validate instruments to assess adolescents’ substance use. The study translated the Teen-Addiction Severity Index (T-ASI) into Hindi and assessed the psychometric properties.

Methods:

The instrument (T-ASI) was translated from English to Hindi using: (a) forward translation: translation from the source language into the target one, (b) comparison and synthesis of the two translated versions, (c) blind backward translation, (d) comparison of the two back-translated versions and development of prefinal version, (e) conceptual evaluation of items and pilot study, and (f) assessing the psychometric properties.

Results:

The content validity of Hindi T-ASI was quite high (0.97). A significant positive correlation r = 0.439* (0.014) between the T-ASI family functioning domain and the organization scale of the Family Environment Scale (FES) demonstrated good concurrent validity. Youth self-report substance use domain correlated well with youth self-report behavior problems scale r = 0.385 (0.033) and the psychiatric status domain correlated with all three internalizing 0.606 (<0.001), externalizing 0.363 (0.045), and behavior problem scale 0.546** (0.001). Construct validity showed significant differences between two groups (substance-using and nonsubstance-using groups) in all domains except school and peer status. Cross-cultural validity shows that the two versions are equivalent. The translated version showed satisfactory reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.727).

Conclusion:

The translation and validation of Hindi–T-ASI show adequate psychometric properties and can be recommended for use in treatment settings across the country.
The Extent of Endorsement of Distal to Proximal Dysfunctional Cognitions in Individuals with Alcohol Dependence: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study in the Indian Context
Authors: Singh Geeta , Kaloiya Gauri Shanker , Dhawan Anju , Balhara Yatan Pal Singh , Mishra Ashwani Kumar
Published: May 2022

Background:

Dysfunctional basic cognitions have been suggested as potential vulnerability markers for alcohol dependence (AD). Although there is a growing body of research on the role of distal cognitive vulnerability factors such as early maladaptive schema in the development of AD, little is known about the role of proximal cognitive factors such as cognitive distortions, dysfunctional attitude, and negative automatic thoughts.

Methods:

This comparative cross-sectional study aimed to examine dysfunctional cognitions in individuals with AD ( n = 84) in comparison with healthy individuals ( n = 60). The dysfunctional cognitions were assessed on the Young Schema Questionnaire third version of Short Form, Cognitive Distortion Scale, Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Form A, and Automatic Thought Questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of covariance was conducted to analyze the group differences in dysfunctional cognitions.

Results:

After controlling for the group difference in employment status, 12 of 18 schemas were more prevalent in individuals with AD than in healthy individuals. Individuals with AD also scored higher on seven of 10 cognitive distortions, as well as in terms of dysfunctional attitude and negative automatic thoughts.

Conclusion:

Dysfunctional cognition may play a significant role in developing AD. The findings may enhance our understanding of the nature and severity of dysfunctional cognitions in the development of AD. The information may further assist the clinicians in implementing adequate intervention strategies to manage dysfunctional cognitions in individuals with AD.
A systematic literature review of Chinese music education studies during 2007 to 2019
Authors: Yang Yang , Welch Graham
Published: May 2022

Based on findings from a large meta-data-based literature survey, this article is intended to provide a comprehensive synthesis of key features of China’s music education system as seen through the lens of n = 116 major research studies, drawn from a total of N = 3,257 high-impact Chinese journal articles published during 2007 to 2019. The synthesis suggests that (1) education reform, aesthetic education, Chinese traditional music and cultural identity were found to be the most prominent topics across all levels of formal music education; and (2) in most studies, government financial support, policy priorities, curriculum enforcement and paedagogical innovation are proposed as general cures to address perceptions of an unsatisfactory situation within music education. However, (3) by relating these findings to national statistics, a clear gap is identified between several research studies and actual social contexts, suggesting a possible deviation of academic communities from realistic educational and social challenges. Thus, external validity issues related to these studies are also discussed critically, along with their potential influence on views of what counts as Chinese music education in domestic and international research communities.
From EU Structural Funds to Levelling Up: Empty signifiers, ungrounded statism and English regional policy
Authors: Copeland Paul , Diamond Patrick
Published: May 2022

This paper argues that EU structural policy administered through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the European Social Fund (ESF) had a relatively limited impact in addressing competitiveness and productivity weaknesses in the English regions due to the emphasis on supply-side policies and deficiencies within the institutional framework for governing economic development. By analysing projects supported by the ERDF and the ESF in England from 2007 to 2013, we demonstrate that funding was used to shape self-organising networks of private and public sector actors, notably local councils, to encourage the development of entrepreneurship, research and development, the creative industries, transport services, and universities and educational providers. In the absence of an overarching strategic vision, and given long-standing socio-economic and political weaknesses, the effect of EU structural funding on the English regions was nonetheless marginal at best. Our case-study highlights that England’s path-dependent and ungrounded statism combined with a neoliberal supply-side logic Structural Funds to create an empty signifier of regional development that failed to adequately respond to the structural needs of less affluent regions. Meanwhile, the post-Brexit approach to regional development, namely the levelling up agenda, represents a continuation of this empty signifier rather than a significant break with the past.
Investigating the benefits and harms of hypodermoclysis of patients in palliative care: A consecutive cohort study
Authors: Agar Meera R , Chang Sungwon , Amgarth-Duff Ingrid , Garcia Maja V , Hunt Jane , Phillips Jane L , Sinnarajah Aynharan , Fainsinger Robin
Published: May 2022

Background:

Palliative populations are at risk for dehydration which can cause discomfort, distress and cognitive symptoms. Subcutaneous hydration (‘hypodermoclysis’) has been used as an alternative administration route to the more invasive intravenous route, but research is lacking on its net clinical effects (harms and benefits) for palliative populations, particularly in real world settings.

Aim:

To quantify prospectively the net clinical effects of hypodermoclysis in palliative patients with advanced disease who required supplementary fluids.

Design:

Multisite, multinational consecutive cohort study.

Setting/participants:

Patients receiving hypodermoclysis in an inpatient palliative care setting.

Results:

Twenty sites contributed data for 99 patients, of which 88 had complete benefits and harms data. The most common primary target symptom for infusion was generalised weakness (18.2%), and the most common non-symptom indication was supplemental hydration (31.8%). Benefits were experienced in 33% of patients in their primary target symptom, and in any symptom in 56.8%. Harms were experienced in 38.7% of patients (42% at Grade 1). Benefits increased with higher performance status, while harms were more frequent in patients with lower performance status (Australia-modified Karnofsky performance status ⩽40). Patients in the terminal phase of their illness experienced the least benefit (15.4% in any indication only) and had more frequent harms (38%).

Conclusions:

Hypodermoclysis may improve certain symptoms in patients in palliative care but frequency of harms and benefits may differ at certain timepoints in the illness trajectory. Further research is needed to better delineate which patients will derive the most net clinical benefit from hypodermoclysis.
A grammar for non-teleological geographies: Differentiating the divergence of intention and outcomes in the everyday
Authors: Holdsworth Clare , Hall Sarah M
Published: May 2022

Teleology shapes the design of much geographical research through the requirement to identify outcomes. In contrast, the theoretical orientation of geographical research on the everyday promotes a relational and visceral approach to resist the teleological logic of the primacy of outcomes. With this paper, we address this tension between different orientations to the practice of geographical research. Drawing on three case studies of empirical research we propose a grammar for non-teleology to capture the divergence of intentions and outcomes. Giving rise to non-teleological narratives, we suggest, signifies a forward orientation for doing geographical research to unpick the messiness of everyday life.
Geography, area studies and Chinese world-writing
Authors: Cheng Han , Liu Weidong
Published: May 2022

This paper argues for a ‘provincialised’ critical geography of area studies by tracing the spatial genealogy of three waves of Chinese world regional geography and foreign area studies. The shifting terrains have been shaped strongly by the continually reconfigured power-geometries and Chinese thinking of ‘the international’. The two coeval fields and knowledge production therein are situated in place-specific institutional contexts, which engender contingent disciplinary geographies and their enduring lack of dialogue. The contemporary regeneration of Chinese ‘world-writing’ brings its own identities and discourses, power relations and complex impacts to local-global epistemic (in)equality, which requires and rewards further critical mapping.
Understanding Factors Associated with Commuter Rail Ridership: A Demand Elasticity Study of the GO Transit Rail Network
Authors: Shantz Aaron , Casello Jeff , Woudsma Clarence , Guerra Erick
Published: May 2022

Planners have theorized that transitioning commuter rail systems to regional rail networks will increase ridership, balance mode share, and reduce automobile use in North American cities. This process is currently underway in Ontario, Canada, as service is being expanded throughout the GO Transit commuter rail network. Calculating elasticities is a common approach used to identify factors that, if adapted, may significantly influence transit demand. However, few studies have focused on identifying demand elasticities specific to the current case of upgrading commuter rail systems in the North American context. The purpose of this study is to fill this gap. Station-level ridership data were compiled for the GO system from January 2016 to December 2019. Smartcard data were used to estimate station catchment areas for which land use, socioeconomic, and demographic datasets were developed. Data about additional factors related to station access, service quantity, fare price, and availability of substitute transport modes were also compiled. Controlling for trip type (e.g., a.m. peak and evening off-peak), demand models were estimated using a random effect panel data estimator. This study finds that service quantity, population density, fuel price, and unemployment rate were significantly associated with commuter rail ridership, regardless of trip type examined. Employment density and seasonal variation were also significant, although different signs were shown between models. The results suggest that plans for this kind of transition should include other considerations in addition to service quantity improvements. Those directed toward the implementation of transit-oriented developments, transport pricing schemes, and competitive fare price strategies are outlined.
Impact of Road Grade on the Risk Profile of Driver Behavior
Authors: Gerber Jeanne-Marie , Joubert Johan W.
Published: May 2022

Data generated from telemetry devices, such as acceleration and speed, are used in a variety of industries to determine the risk profile of a driver. This paper considers the addition of road gradient as a contextual variable to a driving behavior model to determine specifically if the risk of a driver is influenced by different road grades. This behavioral risk is demonstrated by comparing the performance of heavy vehicle drivers with and without the addition of road grade as a variable. This is done by using accelerometer data of 48 heavy goods vehicles over an entire month, and appending elevation data from digital elevation model (DEM) data, specifically that of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), to the vehicles’ GPS traces. The elevation values are used to calculate road grade values which are then categorized in five grade levels. The results show that there is a clear influence of gradient on the behavior of the drivers studied. There is also evidence that steeper sections on a road can cause a change in an individual’s performance when compared with the group.
Laboratory Evaluation of Warm-Mix Asphalt Open-Graded Friction Courses
Authors: Abohamer Hossam , Elseifi Mostafa A. , Mayeux Corey , Cooper Samuel B. , Cooper Samuel
Published: May 2022

This study aimed at evaluating the laboratory performance and physical characteristics of warm-mix asphalt (WMA) open-graded friction course (OGFC) mixes prepared with three warm-mix additives (two chemical additives and an organic additive). To achieve this objective, four mixes were prepared including a control mix (CM) prepared with a PG 76-22 binder and two sources of aggregate (i.e., # 78 limestone and # 67 sandstone). Air voids and coefficient of permeability ( k) were used to evaluate the functionality of the OGFC mixes. In relation to constructability, the compaction energy index was used to compare the required compaction effort during construction. Furthermore, the Cantabro test, Hamburg wheel-tracking test, Texas overlay test, Modified Lottman, and boil tests were conducted to evaluate durability, permanent deformation, cracking, and moisture-damage resistances of the evaluated mixes. Results indicated that the use of WMA technologies enhanced OGFC durability and performance. Among the evaluated mixes, the organic additive-OGFC met all Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development and NCHRP 01-55 requirements, as it notably enhanced OGFC durability, cracking, and moisture-damage resistance. Furthermore, the use of WMA notably reduced the required compaction effort and mixing temperature needed during production and construction as compared with the CM.
Data Verification Methodology to Facilitate Employment Database Updates for Transportation Planning
Authors: Kramer Eric , Noh Hyunsoo , Li Xiao
Published: May 2022

Researchers on travel behavior and regional economic trends increasingly rely on multiple data sources to locate employers and site-specific employment. In a previous study, we proposed a method to assess and integrate multiple sources of employment data using three components: the Google Places application programming interface (API), a business existence verification model, and manual reviews of sampled data. This paper updates our previous methodology with a dual conditional classification of incoming and previously verified employment data made possible by checks using Google Places API and two rounds of string comparisons for both business names and establishment locations. The resulting match classes distinguish well-matched or confirmed business listings from those that require additional review to evaluate potential business closure or relocation. This screening process, augmented with fuzzy logic string matching techniques, reduces the effort needed to update employer information and assists with automated data standardization and deduplication, integrating incoming employment information with a database of verified employers.
Prediction of Bilaterality in Patients With 1 Posterosuperior Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Gwark Ji-Yong , Park Hyung Bin
Published: May 2022

Background:

In patients with a known unilateral posterosuperior rotator cuff tear (PSRCT), the ability to predict a contralateral PSRCT may assist in earlier diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.

Purpose:

To determine factors associated with bilateral PSRCT and their most predictive combinations using a nonhospitalized general population.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This study involved 736 individuals (n = 1472 shoulders) drawn from a rural cohort. PSRCT was diagnosed using magnetic resonance imaging. Symptoms of the contralateral shoulder were not considered. The demographic, physical, social, metabolic, and imaging factors, as well as comorbidities, were evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Cutoff values for the significantly associated variables obtained from multivariable logistic regression analysis were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The areas under the ROC curve (AUCs) of the combinations of significantly associated variables were compared using the DeLong method to determine the combination most predictive of bilateral PSRCT. The likelihood ratio and the posttest probability for each of the combinations were assessed.

Results:

Age ≥61 years, manual labor, critical shoulder angle (CSA) ≥35°, retraction degree of Patte ≥ grade 2, biceps tendon injury, and metabolic syndrome were significantly associated with bilateral PSRCT in multivariable analysis ( P < .001). The 1-by-1 combination of any 4 of the 6 associated factors significantly increased the AUC of any smaller combinations of those 6 factors ( P < .001). The AUCs of the 4-somes were all similar ( P ≥ .383) and were not significantly increased by further addition of identified associated factors ( P ≥ .422). Any combination of 4 of the 6 associated factors was highly predictive of bilateral PSRCT, each having a minimum AUC of 0.70, a likelihood ratio of >10, and a minimum posttest probability of 80%.

Conclusion:

Unilateral PSRCT, accompanied by any 4 of the variables of age ≥61 years, manual labor, CSA ≥35°, retraction degree of Patte ≥ grade 2, biceps tendon injury, and metabolic syndrome, is highly predictive of PSRCT in the other shoulder.
Differences between Coracoclavicular, Acromioclavicular, or Combined Reconstruction Techniques on the Kinematics of the Shoulder Girdle
Authors: Peeters Ian , Braeckevelt Thomas , Palmans Tanneke , De Wilde Lieven , Van Tongel Alexander
Published: May 2022

Background:

Although the coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments are classically reconstructed after acromioclavicular (AC) joint injuries, biomechanical studies over the past decade have indicated the importance of an additional reconstruction of the AC ligaments. To date, no kinematic study has investigated the kinematic differences between these reconstruction strategies.

Purpose:

To evaluate the restoration of shoulder motion after an AC injury using a CC ligament, an AC ligament, or a combined reconstruction technique.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

After creating a Rockwood grade V lesion in 14 cadaveric shoulders, the AC joint injury was treated with either a CC ligament reconstruction using a suspension device, an in situ AC ligament reconstruction using 2 coupled soft tissue anchors, or a combination of these 2 techniques. Joint motions were registered during humerothoracic elevation in the coronal plane and protraction in the intact shoulder in a Rockwood V lesion and after the 3 reconstruction strategies. An optical navigation system measured 3-dimensional rotation in the sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic joints, and both rotation and translation were analyzed in the AC joint.

Results:

In the sternoclavicular joint, the CC and combined reconstruction techniques adequately restored clavicular axial rotation, while the AC reconstruction technique showed a better correction of clavicular elevation. Scapulothoracic joint rotations were best restored by reconstructing the AC ligaments. In the AC joint, the relative tilting position and the lateral rotation of the scapula compared with the clavicle were best restored by the suspension device and combined reconstruction. The AC ligament reconstruction technique demonstrated a better restoration of the relative protracted position and resulted in a better correction of the translation of the scapula relative to the clavicle.

Conclusion:

This study illustrates that there are kinematic differences between AC, CC, or combined ligament reconstruction strategies. Although each technique was able to restore different elements of the joint kinematics, none of the strategies completely restored the shoulder girdle to its preinjured state.

Clinical Relevance:

Humerothoracic movements after Rockwood V lesions are best restored using the CC reconstruction technique, and scapulothoracic movements are best restored using the AC ligament reconstruction technique.
Sensory Trial of Quintuple Fortified Salt—Salt Fortified With Iodine, Iron, Folic Acid, Vitamin B12, and Zinc—Among Consumers in New Delhi, India
Authors: Puri Seema , Rekhi Tejmeet Kaur , Thomas Tinku , Jadhav Meena Haribhau , Mannar Venkatesh , Diosady Levente L.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Micronutrient deficiencies are a cause of significant public health burden and loss of gross domestic product, especially in developing countries. Multiple fortified salt can potentially address this challenge at scale and in a cost-effective manner.

Objective:

This laboratory-based sensory trial evaluated the acceptability of quintuple fortified salt (Q5FS), that is, iodized salt (IS) fortified with additional 4 micronutrients: iron, folic acid, vitamin B12, and zinc. Iodized salt and double fortified salt (DFS), that is, IS fortified with iron, are used for comparison.

Methods:

Forty-five respondents were recruited by open invitations to the university staff and their families. Each study participant rated 10 food items each in a set of 3 identical preparations differing only in the salt used. A 5-point hedonic scale was used to rate each dish on 6 sensory attributes: appearance, color, aroma, taste, texture, and aftertaste. Finally, the dish was rated on the attribute of overall acceptability—a subjective combined score based on all sensory attributes considered together.

Results:

Among the 3 salt types, there was no difference in scores for the sensory attributes of appearance, aroma, taste, texture, and aftertaste, and the attribute of overall acceptability. Color in IS scored significantly higher than in Q5FS and DFS, but there was no difference between the scores of DFS and Q5FS.

Conclusions:

The 3 salts IS, DFS, and Q5FS are comparable to each other in all sensory properties, except for color. This study concludes that Q5FS is organoleptically acceptable under ideal conditions.
Biomarkers of exposure and effect in the serum and urine of rats or workers exposed to 1-bromopropane
Authors: Zhang Yi , Xiao Jingwei , Lv Jiaqi , Chen Xiao , Li Yulu , Yang Haitao , Miao Qing , Wuhan Baolier , Gao Weimin , Li Bin
Published: May 2022

Extensively used in several industries in China as a cleaning agent, 1-bromopropane (1-BP) has significant adverse effects on the central nervous system. However, neither its mechanism of action nor sensitive biomarkers related to it have been determined thus far. In this study, animal experiments and occupational surveys were performed to explore the typical exposure and effect biomarkers of neurotoxicity induced by 1-BP. Male Wistar rats were exposed to 0, 500, or 1000 ppm of 1-BP followed by pathological and biomarker analyses. An epidemiological survey was conducted on 71 workers each from 1-BP exposed and control groups. Serum and urine samples were collected for biomarker testing. cNSE represents neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in the cerebral cortex, where as sNSE represents NSE in the serum; similar terminology applies to S-100β, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). In rats exposed to 1000 ppm 1-BP, pathological changes were observed in Purkinje cells, lumbar gray matter, and tibiofibular nerve, while levels of cNSE, cS-100β, cCOX-2, sS-100β, and sCOX-2 were significantly elevated at different time checkpoints. In the 500 ppm group, cCOX-2, sNSE, and sCOX-2 levels were significantly elevated at different time checkpoints. 1-BP and N-acetyl-S-(n-propyl)-L-cysteine (AcPrCys) were detected in rat urine, and there was a correlation between the level of sNSE or sCOX-2 and AcPrCys in the 500 ppm group. In the occupational epidemiological study, a significant correlation between AcPrCys and exposure concentration was also detected. The findings of this study indicated that AcPrCys was a sensitive exposure biomarker of 1-BP in rats as well as occupational populations.
Study on the preparation and activity of intelligent response poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-ss-polyethylene glycol copolymer micelles
Authors: Wang Siying , Xie Lanlan , Liu Yanjie , Yang Qilei , Jia Wenqiang , Zhao Dongmei , Zhao Xiuhua
Published: May 2022

Amphiphilic polymer micellar carriers are the most commonly used nanocarriers for oral delivery of hydrophobic drugs because their hydrophilic shell can avoid the recognition of the reticuloendothelial system (RES), has excellent drug-carrying capacity, and protect the drug from inactivation in the gastrointestinal fluid. The polymer micelle shell can enter cancer cells by endocytosis, and autophagy in cells, degradation by lysosomal pathway, so as to release drugs, prolong the circulation time of drugs in vivo, and then achieve the effect of drug sustained release. In this study, the glutathione-responsive PLGA-ss-PEG loaded paclitaxel (PTX) micelles (PLGA-ss-PEG-PTX) were developed for anticancer therapy. With its long-term circulation and EPR (enhanced permeability and retention) effect, and the micelle had disulfide bond, which could be used as the recognition group of tumor microenvironment, so that the PLGA-ss-PEG-PTX could specifically accumulate at the tumor site, so as to produce better anti-tumor effect. The PLGA-ss-PEG-PTX was formulated by the emulsification method in this study. The drug loading was about 21.54%, the entrapment efficiency was about 94.2%, and the particle size range was about 90 nm with narrow particle size distribution. Cytotoxicity and embryonic toxicity experiments were carried out using mouse lung cancer cells (LLC) and zebrafish fertilized eggs. It was proved that the low concentration of blank micelles had little cytotoxicity, but high concentration of blank micelles had adverse effects on zebrafish embryonic development, resulting in embryonic malformation. The uptake of drugs by cancer cells was studied by a high connotation cell imaging analysis system. The experiments showed that the drug molecules encapsulated in micelles could achieve higher uptake by cells compared with free drug molecules. In addition, in the in vivo evaluation experiment of drugs, the PLGA-ss-PEG-PTX could significantly enhance the therapeutic effect of the PTX, improve its water solubility, and improve its oral bioavailability.
U.S. Uncertainty and Income Inequality in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries
Authors: Alenezy Omar
Published: May 2022

Economic and institutional determinants of income inequality had been robustly examined. However, the impact of uncertainty, which is more volatile than other economic indicators, on income distribution, has been largely understudied within the literature. Using new data on economic policy (EPU) uncertainty constructed by Baker et al. (2013), and the World Inequality Database (WID), this article examines the impact of U.S. EPU on income inequality in Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries since 1980, using an error correction model (ECM). It is found that U.S. EPU dynamics can widen the income inequality gap in GCC.

JEL Codes

D31, D63, D80
Internal Governance of Interest Organizations: The Role of Boards of Directors in Advocacy Performance
Authors: Vehka Mika , Vesa Juho
Published: May 2022

Studies explaining interest organizations’ influence typically focus on the role of groups’ structural characteristics, such as group type. However, we ask whether the boards of interest groups can also play a role in their organizations’ advocacy performance. Drawing from management scholarship, we investigate how the governance practices and characteristics of the boards of interest organizations are associated with those organizations’ advocacy performance. To study this, we surveyed the board members of Finnish elite interest organizations and found that board performance in strategy tasks (e.g., long-term planning and connecting with stakeholders) is strongly related to advocacy performance. Moreover, we found that the gender diversity of boards is negatively associated with success in advocacy, and the frequency of board meetings is curvilinearly associated. In contrast, board performance in control tasks (e.g., monitoring of management), board size, and inclusive practices are not associated with advocacy performance.
Numerical simulation for heat and mass transport of non-Newtonian Carreau rheological nanofluids through convergent/divergent channels
Authors: Rehman Sohail , Hashim  , Ali Shah Syed Inayat
Published: May 2022

Recent studies on fluid flows have shown that the non-Newtonian fluid flows through convergent/divergent channels with heat and mass transport analysis of nanofluids has triggered many researchers because of their occurrence in biomedicine, cavity flow model, flow through canals, and cold drawing operations. Moreover, heat enhancement during fluid flow plays an important role in different engineering applications, which can be achieved by improving fluid thermal physical properties. Therefore, the present study aims at providing a novel mathematical model for non-Newtonian Carreau rheological fluid flow through convergent/divergent channels by employing Buongiorno’s nanofluids model. The governing system of partial differential equations for Carreau fluid flow is formulated via basic conservation laws, for the first time in literature. The dimensionless variables are introduced to get the non-dimensional forms of the governing equations. The resultant system of ordinary differential equtions (ODEs) is numerical integrated using Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method with shooting technique, which is an efficient numerical technique to determine the numerical solutions of ODEs. The varying patterns of non-dimensional velocities, temperature, and concentration fields along with skin-friction, Nesselt and Sherwood numbers are simulated for various eminent physical parameters with converging and diverging walls. The underlying flow physics and thermal behavior are explored in terms of pertinent parameters, for instance, Reynolds number, channel angle, Prandtl number, Brownian motion parameter and thermophoresis parameter. From the present numerical simulations, we have concluded that the Reynolds number has an opposite effect on dimensionless velocity for convergent and divergent channels. It is recognized that the fluid velocity increases with higher values of Weissenberg number for convergent channel. Moreover, the temperature distributions enhance for larger Brownian motion parameter.
Assembly method for two symmetrical bolt-bearing joints based on the tightening model and angle-eccentricity relationship
Authors: Fang Yuntao , Luo Yi , Xin Yunpeng , Wang Xiaodong
Published: May 2022

This paper focused on the assembly of two symmetrically distributed bolt-bearing joints, both the single bolt tightening control and two bolts adjusting were studied. An improved assembly method for two annular parts connected by these two bolt-bearing joints was proposed to improve the tightening quality of these joints and the eccentricity between these two annular parts. First, the tightening process of single bolt-bearing joint was analyzed, and the mathematical model of the tightening process was established. Then, aiming to improve the tightening quality, an improved tightening control method for single bolt-bearing joint was proposed based on the mathematical model. Finally, the angle-eccentricity relationship was studied, and the eccentricity adjustment strategy based on the inverse sequence method was presented for adjusting the eccentricity between two connected parts. Considering that the measurement of the bearing preload is not convenient, the eccentricity was measured for indirectly reflecting the preload. The tightening experiments verified that the scatter of preload was obviously reduced under the improved tightening control method. The results of eccentricity adjustment experiments indicate that the eccentricity reduce gradually during the loosening and tightening process, and the eccentricity is less than 3.4 μm after adjustment process, which enough to meet the assembly requirements of the target groupware.
Finite element analysis of class II mandibular unilateral distal extension partial dentures
Authors: Sabri Laith A , Abdulkareem Jwan F , Salloomi Kareem N , Faraj Suza A , Al-Zahawi Abdulsalam R , Abdullah Oday I , Tulunoglu Ibrahim
Published: May 2022

The current paper aims to investigate the stress distribution developed in Kennedy Class II mandibular distal extension removable partial dentures due to applying a unilateral load condition in both vertical and lateral oblique directions. 3D models of mandible bone and RPD framework were first built based on actual patient data and later exported to ANSYS software to implement the numerical analysis. For realistic analysis, the model considered the frictional contact between the RPD retainers with the teeth and mucosa with the resin denture base by applying the feature of small sliding. To ensure maximum longevity and suitability of restoration, two different metallic RPDs constructed from commercially pure titanium (CP Ti) and cobalt–chromium (Co-Cr) base materials were investigated within the proposed model. It was found that the highest stress value was seen within the Co-Cr framework followed by the titanium framework, particularly within the bar clasp under both loading directions. The principle abutment of the distal extension side carried the highest stress value under both RPD models in both loading cases. Also, it was found that the captured von Mises stress levels within the titanium bar clasps were lower than that in Co-Cr demonstrating both long durability and high flexibility of Ti clasps.
An electronic health record alert increases human immunodeficiency virus screening and case identification in a high-risk emergency department population
Authors: Bitter Cindy C , Parmentier Michelle , Subramaniam Divya S , Byrne Laurie , Buchanan Paula
Published: May 2022

Increased screening for HIV is required to reduce mortality and transmission. Patients with risk factors for HIV may lack access to routine care and emergency departments are an important site for screening and linkage to care. We implemented an electronic health record algorithm to identify patients meeting criteria for HIV screening. Compared to unstructured clinical judgement, the EHR alert increased the number of patients screened and case identification.
Development of Visual Memory Capacity Following Early-Onset and Extended Blindness
Authors: Gupta Priti , Shah Pragya , Gutnick Sharon Gilad , Vogelsang Marin , Vogelsang Lukas , Tiwari Kashish , Gandhi Tapan , Ganesh Suma , Sinha Pawan
Published: May 2022

It is unknown whether visual memory capacity can develop if onset of pattern vision is delayed for several years following birth. We had an opportunity to address this question through our work with an unusual population of 12 congenitally blind individuals ranging in age from 8 to 22 years. After providing them with sight surgery, we longitudinally evaluated their visual memory capacity using an image-memorization task. Our findings revealed poor visual memory capacity soon after surgery but significant improvement in subsequent months. Although there may be limits to this improvement, performance 1 year after surgery was found to be comparable with that of control participants with matched visual acuity. These findings provide evidence for plasticity of visual memory mechanisms into late childhood but do not rule out vulnerability to early deprivation. Our computational simulations suggest that a potential mechanism to account for changes in memory performance may be progressive representational elaboration in image encoding.
Numerical investigation on heat transfer performance of matrix cooling channels for turbine trailing edges
Authors: Qiao Songsong , Wang Qiang , Yan Lanyi , Fu Hao , Yin Yue
Published: May 2022

The paper investigated numerically the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of the converging matrix cooling channels for turbine trailing edges with response surface method. The three selected design factors are scale factor ( SF), rib inclination angle ( α) and channel wedge angle ( β). The discussed range for the design factors, SF, α and β, are 2.5–10; 30°–60° and 1.5°–2.5°. And the investigated Reynolds number range is from 15,000 to 40,000. The turbulence model selected was SST k- ω model. It is newly found that the heat transfer and pressure loss characteristics of the converging matrix cooling channels depend heavily on the scaling effect. The matrix cooling channels with larger scale factor generally present higher heat transfer enhancement, higher pressure loss and lower overall thermal performance. In addition, the converging matrix cooling channels with smaller rib inclination angle and larger channel wedge angle present higher heat transfer enhancement and larger pressure loss. Among all the 13 cases, Case 9 with SF = 2.5, α = 45° and β = 1.5° has the highest averaged thermal performance factor under 6 Reynolds numbers.
Populations trust in the child protection system: A cross-country comparison of nine high-income jurisdictions
Authors: Skivenes Marit , Benbenishty Rami
Published: May 2022

In this study, we examine the trust placed by the populations of nine jurisdictions in their child protection systems. These systems protect children’s rights and grant authority for invasive interventions to curtail or even terminate parental rights and responsibilities. We have representative samples of the populations of each jurisdiction. The results show that about 40–50% of respondents express trust in the child protection agencies, social workers and judges who make decisions. There are clear differences between jurisdictions, with the Anglo-American countries at the lower end of the trust scale. Examining the impact of institutional context, we find that institutional context matters for the degree of peoples’ trust in the child protection system. This indicates that the typology of child protection systems has relevance, and more empirical studies are encouraged. Some demographic characteristics (age, having children, income, education) and ideological variables (political orientation) are also correlated with trust levels.
The power of the economic outlook: An ideational explanation of the distinct pattern of Finnish wage setting within the Nordic context
Authors: Kaitila Joel , Sorsa Ville-Pekka , Alaja Antti
Published: May 2022

Industrial relations scholars are paying increasing attention to the role of ideas in explaining shifts in bargaining systems and wage policies. This article contributes to this growing body of literature by conducting a meso-level analysis of the uses and impacts of ideas in wage regulation policy processes in coordinated market economies. Through our in-depth case study of the Finnish policy process leading to the Competitiveness Pact of 2016, we argue that certain ideas – which we call the ‘economic outlook’ – prescribed and legitimized exhausting institutional resources in wage regulation and enabled temporary consensus among divergent interests regarding wage policy. The economic outlook linked and enabled compromises between wage policy and wage regulation interests and effectively solidified a commitment to an uncertain policy process. The case study suggests that an ideational analysis of policy processes can offer explanations for shifts in wage policy and regulation that deviate from macro-level regime shifts. While all Nordic countries have faced similar economic and institutional reform pressures, Finland’s readoption of centralized bargaining shows that national policy ideas can drive distinct industrial relations patterns within the Nordic context.
Icariin inhibits gastric cancer cell growth by regulating the hsa_circ_0003159/miR-223-3p/NLRP3 signaling axis
Authors: Zhang Fengli , Yin Yanfen , Xu Wenwen , Song Yanan , Zhou Zhou , Sun Xin , Li Ping
Published: May 2022

This study aimed to clarify the expression and role of hsa_circ_0003159 in gastric carcinogenesis, and validate the protective effects of Icariin (ICA) against gastric cancer (GC) cell growth through the in vitro and in vivo experiments. The levels of hsa_circ_0003159, microRNA (miR)-223-3p and NLRP3 were measured by Quantitative real time Polymerase Chain Reaction or western blot. The cell counting kit (CCK)-8 was used to determine cell proliferation. The target relationship of miR-223-3p/hsa_circ_0003159 and miR-223-3p/NLRP3 was predicted by bioinformatics and validated by the dual-luciferase reporter and pull-down assays. Xenograft model was constructed to assess the roles of hsa_circ_0003159 and protective effects of ICA in GC in vivo. Results showed that hsa_circ_0003159 was downregulated in GC cell lines and its overexpression promoted GC cell viability. MiR-223-3p was identified as a target of hsa_circ_0003159. By competitively sponging miR-223-3p, hsa_circ_0003159 positively regulated NLRP3 expression. MiR-223-3p mimics reversed the suppressive effect of hsa_circ_0003159 on GC cell viability and cell pyroptosis. Importantly, ICA inhibited GC cell viability and triggered GC cell pyroptosis by regulating the hsa_circ_0003159/miR-223-3p/NLRP3 axis in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, this study indicated ICA inhibits GC cell growth by regulating the hsa_circ_0003159/miR-223-3p/NLRP3 signaling axis. This study not only reveals the mechanism of gastric carcinogenesis but also provides potential molecular targets and therapeutic tools for its treatment.
Animal biodiversity and specificity in children’s picture books
Authors: Hooykaas Michiel Jan Dirk , Holierhoek Marloes Gertrudis , Westerveld Joris Sebastiaan , Schilthuizen Menno , Smeets Ionica
Published: May 2022

While animal biodiversity is declining globally, cultural representations of animals are highly prevalent in society and play an increasing part in shaping children’s perceptions of animal diversity. We studied animal portrayals in children’s picture books in the Netherlands, and coded over 2,200 animals from 217 award-winning books. We found a strong bias toward vertebrates, mammals in particular. Mammals were featured more often than other animals, played more prominent roles in the story, and were visually and textually specified more strongly. Furthermore, exotic and domestic species outnumbered native species. Picture books currently are likely to reinforce children’s perceptions toward only a small part of animal biodiversity. While we realize that picture books have other primary aims, picture book makers could be inspired and encouraged to diversify and specify their portrayals of the natural world. This would broaden children’s perceptions of the animal kingdom and could help foster lasting connections to biodiversity.
Improved ablation resistance and thermal insulation performances of polyimide composites by introducing albite/glass powder composition
Authors: Xu Qinging , Li Yunhui , Zeng Fanming , Zhang Yifan , Deng Pengyang , Su Zhongmin
Published: May 2022

Polyimide is a class of resins with high heat resistance, and their composites have a wide range of applications in military and civilian. However, the application of polyimides as an ablation and thermal insulation material has always been a challenge due to their low char yield during ablation in the air. Herein, we described the first application of polyimide composites—albite/glass powder doped polyimide hybrid materials - as an ablation and thermal insulation material. The key to the success of this case is that the process of the ceramization of albite/glass powder can greatly reduce the carbon loss of polyimide during the ablation process in the air. Moreover, the mechanical properties, thermal stability, ablation and thermal insulation properties of these polyimide hybrid materials have been studied systematically. This work not only opens up a new application for polyimide, but also provides a new idea for the design of novel ablation and thermal insulation material.
“It Was All Wrong and Shameful to Beat Her”: Discursive Analysis of Men’s Talk of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Dery Isaac , Akurugu Constance Awinpoka , Baataar Cuthbert
Published: May 2022

In this article, our aim is to foreground men's discourses on gender-based violence as linked to gendered hierarchies, power struggles, and social respectability in Ghana. Situated within decolonial feminist theories and drawing on interviews, we argue that men's interpretations of masculinity and the possibility of perpetrating violence against women is significantly mediated by such intersectional factors as sociocultural background, education, and broader societal normative requirements. The findings deepen the understanding of the ambiguities and contradictions that characterize men's talk of violence. The article discusses how these ambiguities and contradictions serve as important domains for engendering critical attitudes toward violence against women.