bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorders: Back to the future
Authors: Willemze Rein
Published: March 2024

In the 1980s, immunohistochemistry and clonality analyses became instrumental in the recognition and definition of new types of cutaneous T‐cell lymphoma (CTCL) and cutaneous B‐cell lymphoma (CBCL) and the development of new classifications. By accepting loss of pan‐T‐cell antigens and clonal T‐cell receptor gene rearrangements as important criteria to differentiate between benign and malignant T‐cell proliferations, and monotypic immunoglobulin light‐chain expression and clonal immunoglobulin gene rearrangements as crucial criteria to distinguish between benign and malignant B‐cell proliferations, many cases, until then diagnosed as cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia or pseudolymphoma, were reclassified as primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T‐cell lymphoma (PCSM‐TCL) or primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (PCMZL), respectively. However, in recent years there is growing awareness that neither these immunohistochemical criteria nor demonstration of T‐cell or B‐cell clonality is specific for malignant lymphomas. In addition, many studies have reported that these low‐grade malignant CTCL and CBCL have an indolent clinical behavior and an excellent prognosis with disease‐specific survival rates of or close to 100%. As a result, recent classifications have downgraded several low‐grade malignant cutaneous lymphomas to lymphoproliferative disorder (LPD). Both the 5th edition of the WHO classification (2022) and the 2022 International Consensus Classification (ICC) of mature lymphoid neoplasms reclassified PCSM‐TCL as primary cutaneous CD4+ small/medium T‐cell LPD and primary cutaneous acral CD8+ T‐cell lymphoma as primary cutaneous acral CD8+ T cell LPD. While the 2022 ICC introduced the term “primary cutaneous marginal zone LPD,” in the 5th edition of the WHO classification PCMZL is maintained. In this review we describe the background and rationale of the continually changing terminology of these conditions and discuss the clinical consequences of downgrading malignant lymphomas to LPDs.
Prospective English language teachers' understandings of global English language teaching
Authors: Aslan Reyhan , Altınkaya Zekiye Özer
Published: March 2024

Despite various calls for a thorough re‐conceptualization of current English language teaching (ELT) practices, incorporating courses for critical perspectives on linguistic and cultural diversity is still a major challenge in most teacher education programmes in many English as a foreign language (EFL) countries. Therefore, we explored the evolving perspectives of English as a global language among Turkish pre‐service English teachers (PELTs) in response to a global Englishes‐focused curriculum. Using self‐report data, the study reveals participants' complex and diverse views on language varieties in English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) communication, driven by various reasons. After a GE‐oriented course, most participants shifted to plurilithic orientations as they softened their beliefs in native‐speaker English superiority and developed a more sophisticated understanding of English. Seven participants with monolithic orientation appeared to reduce the complex and dynamic nature of language to racialized stereotypes associated with native speaker norms. Based on the findings, how language orientations and ideologies may inform teacher preparation in language teaching was discussed. Several recommendations for further research and preparation of PELTs were made.
A retrospective comparison of postoperative outcomes in ovariectomised jennies (Equus asinus) treated with phenylbutazone or flunixin meglumine
Authors: Xue Cynthia , Segabinazzi Lorenzo , Hall Alexis , Dzikiti Tarisai Brighton , French Hilari , Gilbert Robert
Published: March 2024

Background

Clinically, flunixin meglumine (FM) and phenylbutazone (PBZ) are preferentially selected for the treatment of visceral and musculoskeletal pain, respectively, in horses. In donkeys, there is no information to support or refute this conventional conjecture.

Objectives

To compare postoperative outcomes in a group of jennies treated with intravenous FM or oral PBZ.

Animals

Fourteen jennies unilaterally ovariectomised by standing left flank laparotomy.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Data from medical records of ovariectomised jennies (case details, weight, non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug [NSAID] protocol, surgery duration, operative sequence, anaesthesia protocol, physical examination findings and outcomes) were collected. From collated data, postoperative adverse events were defined as fever, tachycardia, tachypnea, inappetence, altered mentation, abnormal oral mucous membranes, bruxism, colic, incisional complications (i.e., drainage, oedema, peri‐incisional emphysema and pain) and non‐survival, then further divided into occurrence during the early (≤24 h) or late (>24 h) postoperative period for data analysis using R software. Chi‐squared test was used to compare individual adverse events between groups (PBZ vs. FM) and moments (early vs. late). Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05.

Results

PBZ treatment (8/14) was associated with (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) more total (2.93, 1.97–4.36), early (3.01, 1.87–4.84) and late (2.69, 1.28–5.63) adverse events than FM treatment (6/14). Tachycardia (37.83, 2.21–646.66), tachypnoea (0.29, 0.13–0.66), altered mentation (2.78, 1.01–7.67), altered mucous membranes (18.38, 1.04–325.23), incisional oedema (44.33, 2.60–754.5) and incisional pain (47.78, 2.81–811.61) were significantly different between groups. Early adverse events significantly different between groups included tachycardia (50.2, 2.9–877.0), altered mentation (3.33, 1.08–10.29) and incisional pain (21.0, 1.2–374.5), with late adverse events being tachypnea (0.07, 0.01–0.62), incisional oedema (32.92, 1.85–584.28) and incisional pain (28.92, 1.62–515.68). Colic (2/8) and non‐survival (1/8) were rare events that only occurred in the PBZ cohort and could not be further evaluated for differences.

Main limitations

Small sample size; retrospective study; treatment bias; varied administration routes.

Conclusions

Oral PBZ may be inappropriate to use following abdominal surgery in donkeys.

Clinical relevance

More prospective and case‐controlled studies are needed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of these two NSAIDs in donkeys.
Availability and stock‐outs of paediatric antiretroviral treatment formulations at health facilities in Kenya and Uganda
Authors: Jacobs Tom G. , Okemo Dorothy , Ssebagereka Anthony , Mwehonge Kenneth , Njuguna Emily M. , Burger David M. , Colbers Angela , Suleman Fatima , Mantel‐Teeuwisse Aukje K. , Ooms Gaby I.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

The large number of deaths among children with HIV is driven by poor antiretroviral treatment (ART) coverage among this cohort. The aim of the study was to assess the availability and stock‐outs of paediatric and adult ART formulations in Kenya and Uganda across various regions and types of health facilities.

Methods

A survey on availability and stock‐outs of paediatric ART at health facilities was adapted from the standardized Health Action International–WHO Medicine Availability Monitoring Tool. All preferred and limited‐use formulations, and three phased‐out formulations according to the 2021 WHO optimal formulary list were included in the survey, as well as a selection of adult ART formulations suitable for older children, adolescents, and adults. Availability data were collected in June–July 2022 and stock‐out data were obtained over the previous year from randomly selected public and private‐not‐for‐profit (PNFP) facilities registered to dispense paediatric ART across six districts per country. All data were analysed descriptively.

Results

In total, 144 health facilities were included (72 per country); 110 were public and 34 PNFP facilities. Overall availabilities of preferred paediatric ART formulations were 52.2% and 63.5% in Kenya and Uganda, respectively, with dolutegravir (DTG) 10 mg dispersible tablets being available in 70.2% and 77.4% of facilities, respectively, and abacavir/lamivudine dispersible tablets in 89.8% and 98.2% of facilities. Of note, availability of both formulations was low (37.5% and 62.5%, respectively) in Kenyan PNFP facilities. Overall availabilities of paediatric limited‐use products were 1.1% in Kenya and 1.9% in Uganda. At least one stock‐out of a preferred paediatric ART formulation was reported in 40.0% of Kenyan and 74.7% of Ugandan facilities. Nevirapine solution stock‐outs were reported in 43.1% of Ugandan facilities, while alternative formulations for postnatal HIV prophylaxis were not available.

Conclusions

Recommended DTG‐based first‐line ART for children across all ages was reasonably available at health facilities in Kenya and Uganda, with the exception of Kenyan PNFP facilities. Availability of paediatric ART formulations on the limited‐use list was extremely low across both countries. Stock‐outs were reported regularly, with the high number of reported stock‐outs of neonatal ART formulations in Uganda being most concerning.
Preparation and properties of ZrP2O7 matrix composites with high silica fibers reinforcement
Authors: Zhu Zhipin , Li Yuanbing , Li Shujing , Wei Changdong , Zhang Rong
Published: March 2024

ZrP2O7 ceramics exhibit poor mechanical properties after firing, as a major drawback. In this study, ZrP2O7 matrix composites reinforced with high silica fibers were prepared through pressureless sintering by varying the content and length‐to‐diameter ratio of the high silica fibers added to ZrP2O7 powder. After heat treatment at 1200‒1300°C, the room temperature flexural strength of the ZrP2O7 matrix composites with different amounts high silica fibers having different aspect ratios was 14.9‒45.2 MPa, the bulk density was 1.90‒3.03 g·cm−3, the apparent porosity was 2.37%‒39.39%, and the room temperature thermal conductivity was .47‒.95 W/(m·K). With an increase in the heat‐treatment temperature, driven by sintering and fiber crystallization, strength of the interfacial layer between the fibers and the matrix inside the ZrP2O7 matrix composites decreased and then increased. The transfer and blocking effects of the interface enabled effective transfer of the stress of the matrix to the fiber‐reinforced phase and prevented crack extension. The problem of inherent crystallization affecting high silica fibers at high temperatures was relieved by the ZrP2O7 ceramic matrix composites.
Preparation of Astragalus membranaceus–cranberry biscuits and the evaluation of physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity
Authors: Wei Fangyuan , Wang Hongyue , Li Xin , Cao Jiaqing , Zhang Xiangrong
Published: March 2024

Astragalus membranaceus, as a medicinal and edible product, contains a variety of active ingredients. The cranberry powder is rich in polyphenol, dietary fibre, vitamins and mineral. In this study, biscuits were prepared by enrichment with Astragalus membranaceus and cranberry powder. The basic nutrients, physicochemical indexes, odour characteristics, antioxidant properties and shelf life prediction of the Astragalus membranaceus–cranberry biscuits (AMCB) were evaluated and compared with commercial biscuits. Overall, the biscuits with the addition of Astragalus membranaceus and cranberry had low water content and high protein content of 8.3 g/100 g. The antioxidant properties of AMCB were analysed by DPPH radical scavenging activity and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, and the results demonstrated that AMCB possessed higher antioxidant activity than cranberry biscuits (CRB) and control biscuits (CB). The water content and peroxide value index were used to predict the shelf life by accelerated test. According to the Arrhenius method, the shelf life of AMCB was about 112 days. The results showed that the addition of 23% Astragalus membranaceus and cranberry powder led to improved nutritional value, antioxidant properties and sensory characteristics of the biscuits.
Effects of dough sheets resting on textural properties of long‐life noodles via moisture migration and gluten network development
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Qi Yajing , Hassane Hamadou Alkassoumi , Tufail Tabussam , Guo Qin , Zhang Jiyao , Xu Bin
Published: March 2024

Noodles are a popular staple food for many Asian populations. This study aimed to explore the effects of different resting temperatures (15, 25, 35, 45 °C) and humidity (65%, 75%, 85%, 95%) on the quality of long‐life noodles (LL noodles) by considering the moisture migration and microstructure of gluten network in dough sheets. According to results, at resting conditions (25 °C and 95% relative humidity), the dough sheet exhibited a shorter transverse relaxation time of tightly bound water (T21) and higher relative content (A21), which facilitated a tight combination between other components and water molecules. Additionally, a dense and uniform distribution of gluten network was achieved at 25 °C and 95%, due to a reduction in average length and width of gluten network lines, as well as to increased branching rate. Therefore, LL noodles were endowed with a lower cooking loss rate and higher water absorption rate, and the texture properties including chewiness, hardness, smoothness and elasticity were at optimal level. The present work demonstrated the possibility of using a resting at 25 °C and 95% humidity to enhance the uniformity of gluten network and texture of dough sheets and significantly improved the texture properties of LL noodles.
ACE‐inhibitory properties and antioxidative activities of hydrolysate powder obtained from Thai's mature silkworm (Bombyx mori)
Authors: Anuduang Artorn , Lim Seng Joe , Jomduang Somchai , Boonyapranai Kongsak , Phongthai Suphat , Wan Mustapha Wan Aida
Published: March 2024

This study aimed to optimise the production of silkworm hydrolysate powder (SHP) from Thai's mature silkworm with potent ACE inhibition properties using commercial protease enzymes. Thai's mature silkworm (TMS) powder was hydrolysed with Alcalase® 2.4 L, Neutrase® 0.8 L and Flavourzyme® 500MG at varying enzyme concentrations and temperatures. The most effective method for ACE inhibition was found with Alcalase® 2.4 L at 5% concentration (w/w) of protein content in TMS powder, at 60 °C for 1 h. This condition also resulted in the highest SHP production and protein content, outperforming other enzyme treatments. Moreover, it exhibited significant total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity including DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging. This finding establishes a foundation for scaling up the production of Thai's mature SHP to a commercial level. The resulting product can be utilised as a functional ingredient, functional food or therapeutic food for managing high blood pressure.
Exploring the influence of sweet potato powder on the physicochemical characteristics, oxidative potential and sensory perception of mayonnaise
Authors: Umer Zujaja , Adris Aneeka , Zahra Syeda Urooj , Tariq Muhammad Rizwan , Ali Shinawar Waseem , Safdar Waseem , Nayik Gulzar Ahmad , Ramniwas Seema , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Alahmadi Tahani Awad
Published: March 2024

Reduced fat mayonnaise was prepared by substituting oil with sweet potato powder at concentrations of 2%, 4% and 6%. The changes in physicochemical, oxidative, rheological, microbial and organoleptic properties of functional reduced fat mayonnaise were investigated. The results revealed that sweet potato powder significantly improved the antioxidant activity (2.63–31.6%), rheological attributes, nutritional content and shelf life stability of mayonnaise during the storage time of 21 days. Rheological evaluation illustrated the stabilisation of samples with the addition of sweet potato powder, with a significant reduction in oil droplet size (6.78–2.16 μm) and an increase in firmness (0.941–1.84 N) and adhesiveness (41.21–76.78 × 10−3 Nm). Emulsion stability (93.3–99.2%) was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced by supplementation with sweet potato powder. The presence of carotenoids in sweet potato improved colour and increased the L* (73.4%) and b* (31.4%) values. Preliminary sensory evaluation demonstrated that taste, texture, mouthfeel and overall acceptability were perceived better in the samples supplemented with sweet potato powder. Our findings suggest that sweet potato powder can be a nutrient enhancer and a considerable alternative to synthetic antioxidants and stabilisers for oil‐in‐water food emulsions.
Id1 expression in CD4 T cells promotes differentiation and function of follicular helper T cells and upregulation of related functional molecules
Authors: Liu Chen , Zeng Xingyue , Xiong Ziqi , Bahabayi Ayibaota , Hasimu Ainizati , Liu Tianci , Zheng Mohan , Ren Liwei , Alimu Xiayidan , Lu Songsong
Published: March 2024

Although the roles of E proteins and inhibitors of DNA‐binding (Id) in T follicular helper (TFH) and T follicular regulatory (TFR) cells have been previously reported, direct models demonstrating the impact of multiple E protein members have been lacking. To suppress all E proteins including E2A, HEB and E2‐2, we overexpressed Id1 in CD4 cells using a CD4‐Id1 mouse model, to observe any changes in TFH and TFR cell differentiation. Our objective was to gain better understanding of the roles that E proteins and Id molecules play in the differentiation of TFH and TFR cells. The CD4‐Id1 transgenic (TG) mice that we constructed overexpressed Id1 in CD4 cells, inhibiting E protein function. Our results showed an increase in the proportion and absolute numbers of Treg, TFH and TFR cells in the spleen of TG mice. Additionally, the expression of surface characterisation molecules PD‐1 and ICOS was significantly upregulated in TFH and TFR cells. The study also revealed a downregulation of the marginal zone B cell precursor and an increase in the activation and secretion of IgG1 in spleen B cells. Furthermore, the peripheral TFH cells of TG mice enhanced the function of assisting B cells. RNA sequencing results indicated that a variety of TFH‐related functional molecules were upregulated in TFH cells of Id1 TG mice. In conclusion, E proteins play a crucial role in regulating TFH/TFR cell differentiation and function and suppressing E protein activity promotes germinal centre humoral immunity, which has important implications for immune regulation and treating related diseases.
Single‐cell transcriptomic and T cell antigen receptor analysis of human cytomegalovirus (hCMV)‐specific memory T cells reveals effectors and pre‐effectors of CD8+‐ and CD4+‐cytotoxic T cells
Authors: Kar Raunak , Chattopadhyay Somdeb , Sharma Anjali , Sharma Kirti , Sinha Shreya , Arimbasseri Gopalakrishnan Aneeshkumar , Patil Veena S.
Published: March 2024

Latent human cytomegalovirus (hCMV) infection can pose a serious threat of reactivation and disease occurrence in immune‐compromised individuals. Although T cells are at the core of the protective immune response to hCMV infection, a detailed characterization of different T cell subsets involved in hCMV immunity is lacking. Here, in an unbiased manner, we characterized over 8000 hCMV‐reactive peripheral memory T cells isolated from seropositive human donors, at a single‐cell resolution by analysing their single‐cell transcriptomes paired with the T cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoires. The hCMV‐reactive T cells were highly heterogeneous and consisted of different developmental and functional memory T cell subsets such as, long‐term memory precursors and effectors, T helper‐17, T regulatory cells (TREGs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) of both CD4 and CD8 origin. The hCMV‐specific TREGs, in addition to being enriched for molecules known for their suppressive functions, showed enrichment for the interferon response signature gene sets. The hCMV‐specific CTLs were of two types, the pre‐effector‐ and effector‐like. The co‐clustering of hCMV‐specific CD4‐CTLs and CD8‐CTLs in both pre‐effector as well as effector clusters suggest shared transcriptomic signatures between them. The huge TCR clonal expansion of cytotoxic clusters suggests a dominant role in the protective immune response to CMV. The study uncovers the heterogeneity in the hCMV‐specific memory T cells revealing many functional subsets with potential implications in better understanding of hCMV‐specific T cell immunity. The data presented can serve as a knowledge base for designing vaccines and therapeutics.
Revisiting the definition of humanitarian logistics
Authors: Kembro Joakim , Kunz Nathan , Frennesson Lina , Vega Diego
Published: March 2024

Humanitarian logistics (HL) is a relatively new research area that requires clear boundaries and a defined foundational perspective. Recent disasters have shown that the scope of HL is expanding, as in cases of cash‐based interventions, outsourcing to commercial companies, and stronger involvement of local communities. These changes imply the importance of scrutinizing the old definitions of HL and determining whether they require adaptation. This step is important considering that inadequate definitions create (i) misconceptions about what HL is, (ii) a lack of unity and understanding of the field's research goals, (iii) confusion about what constitutes a contribution, and (iv) theoretical ambiguity, which masks promising research directions, fragments knowledge, and retards the progress of scientific research. Based on a structured review, we found that three definitions from around 2005 have predominated in the literature so far. We identified various issues with these definitions and then conducted an expert elicitation process to develop and validate an updated foundational perspective on HL. Finally, we analyzed the data collected from experts using the literature on what constitutes a “good definition.” This led us to propose a revised definition and accompanying properties for HL. We conclude the article by offering important avenues for future research.
Cardiac implantable electronic device‐induced tricuspid regurgitation: Implications and management
Authors: Murphy Sean P. , Lew Jeanney , Yucel Evin , Singh Jagmeet , Mela Theofanie
Published: March 2024

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) secondary to cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) has been well documented and is associated with worse cardiovascular outcomes. A variety of mechanisms have been proposed including lead‐induced mechanical disruption of the tricuspid valvular or subvalvular apparatus and pacing‐induced electrical dyssynchrony. Patient characteristics such as age, sex, baseline atrial fibrillation, and pre‐existing TR have not been consistent predictors of CIED‐induced TR. While two‐dimensional echocardiography is helpful in assessing the severity of TR, three‐dimensional echocardiography has significantly improved accuracy in identifying the etiology of TR and whether lead position contributes to TR. Three‐dimensional echocardiography may therefore play a future role in optimizing lead positioning during implant to reduce the risk of CIED‐induced TR. Optimal lead management strategies in addition to percutaneous interventions and surgery in alleviating TR are very important.
Handling time‐varying treatments in observational studies: A scoping review and recommendations
Authors: Xu Jiayue , He Qiao , Wang Mingqi , Liu Mei , Li Qianrui , Ren Yan , Yao Minghong , Li Guowei , Lu Kevin , Zou Kang , Wang Wen , Sun Xin
Published: March 2024

Objective

Time‐varying treatments are common in observational studies. However, when assessing treatment effects, the methodological framework has not been systematically established for handling time‐varying treatments. This study aimed to examine the current methods for dealing with time‐varying treatments in observational studies and developed practical recommendations.

Methods

We searched PubMed from 2000 to 2021 for methodological articles about time‐varying treatments, and qualitatively summarized the current methods for handling time‐varying treatments. Subsequently, we developed practical recommendations through interactive internal group discussions and consensus by a panel of external experts.

Results

Of the 36 eligible reports (22 methodological reviews, 10 original studies, 2 tutorials and 2 commentaries), most examined statistical methods for time‐varying treatments, and only a few discussed the overarching methodological process. Generally, there were three methodological components to handle time‐varying treatments. These included the specification of treatment which may be categorized as three scenarios (i.e., time‐independent treatment, static treatment regime, or dynamic treatment regime); definition of treatment status which could involve three approaches (i.e., intention‐to‐treat, per‐protocol, or as‐treated approach); and selection of analytic methods. Based on the review results, a methodological workflow and a set of practical recommendations were proposed through two consensus meetings.

Conclusions

There is no consensus process for assessing treatment effects in observational studies with time‐varying treatments. Previous efforts were dedicated to developing statistical methods. Our study proposed a stepwise workflow with practical recommendations to assist the practice.
Quantifying the impact of crop coverings on honey bee orientation and foraging in sweet cherry orchards using RFID
Authors: Warren Ryan J. , Colin Théotime , Quarrell Stephen R. , Barron Andrew B. , Allen Geoff R.
Published: March 2024

Advancements in agricultural production have seen the rapid adoption of protected cropping systems globally. Such systems have been optimized for plant growth and efficiency, with little understanding of the potential impacts to key insect pollinators. Here, we investigate the effect of bird netting and polythene rain covers on the health and performance of honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) during the pollination of sweet cherry crops. Over two consecutive seasons, 12 full‐strength colonies were equipped with tagged bees and radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. The colonies were equally divided between open control, bird netted and polythene (semi‐permanent VOEN in 2019 and retractable Cravo in 2020) groups. Over 1300 individual bees were monitored for the duration of the commercial pollination period to determine behavioural parameters such as foraging commencement age, number and duration of trips and overall survival. Bees began foraging within the optimum age range (mean 15.7–24.1 days) under all covering types, with little indication of prolonged stress or increased mortality during the short season. Polythene covers (VOEN & Cravo) were found to significantly increase the total time needed for bees to orientate successfully. Once orientated, bees placed under covers conducted up to 155% more foraging trips, with a longer cumulative duration. Covering type was found to significantly impact the amount and type of pollen collected, with the most restrictive system (VOEN) yielding the highest proportion of cherry pollen. Overall, we found little evidence to suggest that the tested protective covers have a detrimental impact to honey bee foraging in cherry crops.
Extraction of phenolic compounds from spent coffee ground using natural deep eutectic solvents: New modeling approach
Authors: Bassani Andrea , García‐Roldán Aitor , Spigno Giorgia , Jauregi Paula
Published: March 2024

The extraction of bioactive compounds from food wastes or by‐products with natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) could be an attractive alternative to traditional hydroalcoholic extraction but needs to be optimized taking advantage of modeling. This work aims to propose, develop, and discuss a new model for the extraction of phenolic compounds from spent coffee grounds (SCGs) using NADES to overcome some gaps related to the kinetic extraction models and the surface response methodology. The model presented is based on the same assumption as the kinetic model, but improving it to be able to predict phenolic extraction changing different process parameters (e.g., water content, time of extraction, temperature, etc.) using betaine: triethylene glycol (molar ratio 1:2). The model was validated on the extraction of total phenolic compounds from SCG as a function of water content of NADES ranging from 30 to 60% v/v. There was good agreement between experimental and simulated data and even, in some cases, better than with the second‐order kinetic models. In addition, the new model needs fewer parameters to be regressed concerning the specific case investigated in this work. This model and methodology can be the basis for further modeling applicable to other bioactives, and/or other NADES and feedstocks.

Practical Applications

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) can be a potential sustainable solvent for the valorization of food by‐products as they can be used to extract bioactive compounds with high added value. This extraction process needs to be optimized depending on several factors like water content in NADES solution, solids ratio, extraction time, and temperature. The model validated in this work on spent coffee ground (SCG) could be used for this purpose, improving the gaps related to the kinetic extraction models and the surface response methodology (RSM). The new model enables predicting the behavior of the process as a function of the parameters previously mentioned and reduces the number of experimental trials required compared with RSM. In particular, the new model was validated on the variation of water content in NADES solution. Certainly, this model will need to be further validated, but, once further studies are conducted, this model could be used for scale‐up calculation and design optimization of the industrial process.
Effects of a dual‐task activity on gait parameters of people with and without intellectual disabilities
Authors: Cabrera‐Linares J. C. , Latorre Román P. Á. , Párraga Montilla J. A. , Andrade‐Lara K. E. , Ruiz‐Peralvarez F. J. , Gutierrez‐Cruz C.
Published: March 2024

Background

The main objective of this study was to evaluate gait parameters in people with intellectual disability (ID) and without intellectual disability (WID) in two different walking conditions [single task vs. dual task (DT)]. A secondary aim was to evaluate the dual‐task cost (DTC) that the DT causes in each group.

Methods

A total of 119 participants joined in this study: 56 ID (30 men) and 63 WID (30 men). The OptoGait system was used to assess gait. In addition, Witty photocells were added to assess gait under the DT condition.

Results

Single support time was lower for participants with ID (P < 0.01), while double support time was higher (P < 0.05). All coefficients of variation for gait parameters were higher in participants with ID. Additionally, changes in gait were observed in both groups during the DT condition compared with the single‐task condition. These changes were larger for participants with ID in step length, double support time and gait speed (P < 0.001), resulting in a higher DTC in these variables in the ID group (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Both groups reduced gait performance in the DT condition. However, greater gait variability occurred in the ID group. In addition, DTC was higher for the ID group in all variables analysed. Therefore, people with ID show worse gait performance during a DT than people WID.
Improving Equitable Postpartum Care in an Urban Private Clinic with Predominantly Black Patients
Authors: Tello Yannique , Gianelis Kristin A.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Maternal health disparities based on race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic factors exist in the United States, with Black women experiencing significantly worse outcomes. With much of perinatal morbidity and mortality attributed to the postpartum period, attention to equitable postpartum care is necessary for addressing this disparity.

Process

A rapid‐cycle quality improvement initiative was implemented in an urban clinic serving predominantly Black, Medicaid‐insured clients. Although baseline data indicated 95% of clients experienced comorbidities, only 65% attended a comprehensive postpartum visit (PPV). The project's goal was to improve equitable postpartum care by increasing PPV attendance and quality of postpartum care to 90% in 8 weeks. The clinical team was engaged throughout to promote organizational change within the clinic. A provider checklist was implemented to improve PPV care metrics, and shared decision‐making was initiated surrounding contraception and mood disorders. A care log tracked clinical practice guideline adherence with regular feedback informing the change process.

Outcomes

Postpartum care improved across a variety of factors studied over 8 weeks. The provider checklist prompted a 78% documentation rate of PPV care metrics, and care log tracking reflected an ending PPV attendance rate of 93%. Client satisfaction with postpartum care education was measured using a Likert scale of 1 to 5 (1 = dissatisfied and 5 = satisfied) with a noted improvement from a baseline score of 4.3 to an overall mean of 4.8.

Discussion

This quality initiative addressed a key factor in health equity for a predominantly Black, Medicaid‐insured population in an urban clinic by raising PPV attendance rates above national standards of 90% and improving client satisfaction and the quality of care received during these visits. The project was low cost and created sustainable systems for maintaining evidence‐based equitable care. Limitations included the coronavirus disease 19 pandemic, clinic staff turnover, and staff and client biases. Continued innovative research targeted at improving health equity is needed.
Association of sleep duration and sleep quality with gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women after treatment with assisted reproductive technology: A birth cohort study
Authors: Gao Haiyan , Miao Chong , Liu Wenjuan , Sun Yan , Li Haibo , Wu Zhengqin , Li Wei , Xu Liangjie , Sun Bin , Zheng Beihong , Zhu Yibing
Published: March 2024

Maternal sleep is closely related to subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in natural pregnancies. However, whether this connection exists in pregnant women conceiving with the help of assisted reproductive technology (ART) has not been confirmed. Hence, in this study, we evaluated whether early pregnancy sleep duration or sleep quality is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in ART‐pregnant women, as well as the influence of maternal age on this association. This prospective birth cohort study included 856 pregnant women who successfully conceived with the help of ART treatment. The sleep parameters of ART‐pregnant women were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) in early pregnancy. We explored the association between sleep and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus using an unconditional binary logistic regression model. Different models were constructed to examine the robustness of the estimation by incorporating different confounding factors. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that sleep duration of more than 10 h among ART‐pregnant women was significantly associated with the risk of GDM, and the association between sleep duration and gestational diabetes mellitus varied by maternal age. We found an increased risk of subsequent gestational diabetes mellitus with increasing sleep duration only in pregnant women aged <35 years. Additionally, no statistically significant association between sleep quality and gestational diabetes mellitus was found in this study. In conclusion, excessive sleep duration (≥10 h) is associated with a high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in pregnant women who conceived with the help of assisted reproductive technology, and maternal age may modify this effect.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathologic change in former Australian rugby players
Authors: Shepherd Claire E. , McCann Heather , McLean Catriona A. , Iverson Grant L. , Gardner Andrew J.
Published: March 2024

Aims

We applied the 2021 consensus criteria for both chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathological change and traumatic encephalopathy syndrome in a small case series of six former elite‐level Australian rugby code players.

Methods

Neuropathological assessment of these cases was carried out at the Sydney and Victorian Brain Banks. Clinical data were collected via clinical interviews and health questionnaires completed by the participants and/or their next of kin, and neuropsychological testing was conducted with participants who were capable of completing this testing.

Results

All cases exhibited progressive cognitive impairment during life. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathological change was identified in four out of the six cases. However, coexisting neuropathologies were common, with limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy and ageing‐related tau astrogliopathy seen in all cases, intermediate or high Alzheimer's disease neuropathological change seen in four cases and hippocampal sclerosis seen in two of the six cases.

Conclusion

The presence of multiple neuropathologies in these cases complicates clinical diagnostic efforts for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome. It will be important for further clinicopathological studies on larger groups to report all neuropathological comorbidities found in cases diagnosed with either chronic traumatic encephalopathy neuropathological change and/or traumatic encephalopathy syndrome.
Organelle Ca2+/CAM1‐SELTP confers somatic cell embryogenic competence acquisition and transformation in plant regeneration
Authors: Guo Huihui , Guo Haixia , Zhang Li , Tian Xindi , Wu Jianfei , Fan Yupeng , Li Tongtong , Gou Zhongyuan , Sun Yuxiao , Gao Fan , Wang Jianjun , Shan Guangyao , Zeng Fanchang
Published: March 2024

Somatic cell totipotency in plant regeneration represents the forefront of the compelling scientific puzzles and one of the most challenging problems in biology. How somatic embryogenic competence is achieved in regeneration remains elusive.

Here, we discover uncharacterized organelle‐based embryogenic differentiation processes of intracellular acquisition and intercellular transformation, and demonstrate the underlying regulatory system of somatic embryogenesis‐associated lipid transfer protein (SELTP) and its interactor calmodulin1 (CAM1) in cotton as the pioneer crop for biotechnology application. The synergistic CAM1 and SELTP exhibit consistent dynamical amyloplast–plasmodesmata (PD) localization patterns but show opposite functional effects.

CAM1 inhibits the effect of SELTP to regulate embryogenic differentiation for plant regeneration. It is noteworthy that callus grafting assay reflects intercellular trafficking of CAM1 through PD for embryogenic transformation.

This work originally provides insight into the mechanisms responsible for embryogenic competence acquisition and transformation mediated by the Ca2+/CAM1‐SELTP regulatory pathway, suggesting a principle for plant regeneration and cell/genetic engineering.
Divergent evolution of the alcohol‐forming pathway of wax biosynthesis among bryophytes
Authors: Keyl Alisa , Herrfurth Cornelia , Pandey Garima , Kim Ryeo Jin , Helwig Lina , Haslam Tegan M. , de Vries Sophie , de Vries Jan , Gutsche Nora , Zachgo Sabine , Suh Mi Chung , Kunst Ljerka , Feussner Ivo
Published: March 2024

The plant cuticle is a hydrophobic barrier, which seals the epidermal surface of most aboveground organs. While the cuticle biosynthesis of angiosperms has been intensively studied, knowledge about its existence and composition in nonvascular plants is scarce.

Here, we identified and characterized homologs of Arabidopsis thaliana fatty acyl‐CoA reductase (FAR) ECERIFERUM 4 (AtCER4) and bifunctional wax ester synthase/acyl‐CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (AtWSD1) in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (MpFAR2 and MpWSD1) and the moss Physcomitrium patens (PpFAR2A, PpFAR2B, and PpWSD1).

Although bryophyte harbor similar compound classes as described for angiosperm cuticles, their biosynthesis may not be fully conserved between the bryophytes M. polymorpha and P. patens or between these bryophytes and angiosperms. While PpFAR2A and PpFAR2B contribute to the production of primary alcohols in P. patens, loss of MpFAR2 function does not affect the wax profile of M. polymorpha. By contrast, MpWSD1 acts as the major wax ester‐producing enzyme in M. polymorpha, whereas mutations of PpWSD1 do not affect the wax ester levels of P. patens.

Our results suggest that the biosynthetic enzymes involved in primary alcohol and wax ester formation in land plants have either evolved multiple times independently or undergone pronounced radiation followed by the formation of lineage‐specific toolkits.
Development and applications of peri‐implantitis mouse models
Authors: Zhang Jianwei , Tong Zian , Chen Long , Qian Yinjie , Lu Yifan , Chen Qianming , Si Misi
Published: March 2024

Objective

Peri‐implantitis is one of the most common complications of implants. However, its pathogenesis has not been clarified. In recent years, mouse models are gradually being used in the study of peri‐implantitis. This review aims to summarize the methods used to induce peri‐implantitis in mice and their current applications.

Method

Articles of peri‐implantitis mouse models were collected. We analyzed the various methods of inducing peri‐implantitis and their application in different areas.

Results

Most researchers have induced peri‐implantitis by silk ligatures. Some others have induced peri‐implantitis by Pg gavage and LPS injection. Current applications of peri‐implantitis mouse models are in the following areas: investigation of pathogenesis and exploration of new interventions, comparison of peri‐implantitis with periodontitis, the interaction between systemic diseases and peri‐implantitis, etc.

Conclusion

Silk ligature for 2–4 weeks, Pg gavage for 6 weeks, and LPS injection for 6 weeks all successfully induced peri‐implantitis in mice. Mice have the advantages of mature gene editing technology, low cost, and short time to induce peri‐implantitis. It has applications in the study of pathogenesis, non‐surgical treatments, and interactions with other diseases. However, compared with large animals, mice also have a number of disadvantages that limit their application.
Dermatology Life Quality Index survey in patients with Down syndrome and caregivers
Authors: Dykman Morgan , Ernst Madison , Rakasiwi Tasya , Buros Stein Amy , Satin David J. , Holland Kristen E. , Santoro Stephanie L. , Rork Jillian F.
Published: March 2024

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with many dermatological conditions, including hidradenitis suppurativa, folliculitis, and alopecia areata. Despite the high incidence of skin conditions in this population, there are no quality of life (QoL) studies in the dermatology literature focused on patients with DS or their caregivers. The frequently used QoL assessment tool, the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), has yet to be studied in this population. This study addresses these disparities by capturing how various skin conditions affect the QoL of people with DS and their caregivers and assessing the utility of the DLQI.
Temporal disposition of pelvic girdle, vagina and vulva in relation to urovagina in cycling and pregnant‐postpartum cows
Authors: Sood Pankaj , Vatasyan Subrahmanyam , Chaudhary Jitendra Kumar
Published: March 2024

Urovagina (UV) is less studied in cows. The vaginal contents, constrictor vestibule muscle activity, circulating progesterone, pelvic girdle, vagina and vulva angles were compared on Days 0 and 14 within and between UV (UV group; n = 36) and normal (N group; n = 36) cows. The oestrous duration was compared among the groups. Parameters for various UV severities were also compared. Another set of pregnant‐postpartum cows (P‐PP group; n = 31) underwent monthly evaluations for UV and the angles from the third month of pregnancy until the second month postpartum. The effect of age, parity and body condition score on UV severities on Day 0, and parity on angles in the P‐PP group was evaluated. Different variables were correlated in different groups. The UV group was repeat breeder, exhibited prolonged oestrus and reduced progesterone on Day 14. The latter increased with UV severity on Day 0. On Day 14, severe form of UV was more prevalent. The UV severity increased with parity. In the UV group, a cranioventral pelvic girdle on Day 0 became more cranioventral on Day 14 and was correlated with the vagina moving from a caudodorsal position on Day 0 to a cranioventral position on Day 14. In the P‐PP group, the pelvic girdle and vagina remained caudodorsal and UV was undetectable throughout the study. Vagina and vulva displayed a parity‐by‐month interaction in the P‐PP group. To summarize, the UV characteristics were influenced by the oestrous cycle stage, pelvic girdle angles, and parity.
Meta‐analysis prediction intervals are under reported in sport and exercise medicine
Authors: Borg David N. , Impellizzeri Franco M. , Borg Samantha J. , Hutchins Kate P. , Stewart Ian B. , Jones Tamara , Baguley Brenton J. , Orssatto Lucas B. R. , Bach Aaron J. E. , Osborne John O. , McMaster Benjamin S. , Buhmann Robert L. , Bon Joshua J. , Barnett Adrian G.
Published: March 2024

Aim

Prediction intervals are a useful measure of uncertainty for meta‐analyses that capture the likely effect size of a new (similar) study based on the included studies. In comparison, confidence intervals reflect the uncertainty around the point estimate but provide an incomplete summary of the underlying heterogeneity in the meta‐analysis. This study aimed to estimate (i) the proportion of meta‐analysis studies that report a prediction interval in sports medicine; and (ii) the proportion of studies with a discrepancy between the reported confidence interval and a calculated prediction interval.

Methods

We screened, at random, 1500 meta‐analysis studies published between 2012 and 2022 in highly ranked sports medicine and medical journals. Articles that used a random effect meta‐analysis model were included in the study. We randomly selected one meta‐analysis from each article to extract data from, which included the number of estimates, the pooled effect, and the confidence and prediction interval.

Results

Of the 1500 articles screened, 866 (514 from sports medicine) used a random effect model. The probability of a prediction interval being reported in sports medicine was 1.7% (95% CI = 0.9%, 3.3%). In medicine the probability was 3.9% (95% CI = 2.4%, 6.6%). A prediction interval was able to be calculated for 220 sports medicine studies. For 60% of these studies, there was a discrepancy in study findings between the reported confidence interval and the calculated prediction interval. Prediction intervals were 3.4 times wider than confidence intervals.

Conclusion

Very few meta‐analyses report prediction intervals and hence are prone to missing the impact of between‐study heterogeneity on the overall conclusions. The widespread misinterpretation of random effect meta‐analyses could mean that potentially harmful treatments, or those lacking a sufficient evidence base, are being used in practice. Authors, reviewers, and editors should be aware of the importance of prediction intervals.
Higher truths and so‐called lies: Documentary's animated authenticity
Authors: Barker Meghanne
Published: March 2024

A masterclass in Serbia on documentary film debates creativity. Experimental and documentary filmmakers in the region assert the boundaries of documentary in order to transgress them. Creativity offers a means to authenticity, animated through viewers' projection. Approaching authenticity as animated rejects preoccupations with themechanical indexicalityof the camera. Rather than focusing on index as trace, the ambivalence of indexicality productively moves between representation and reality. This highlights two paradoxes of documentary: that fictional techniques create a real world and that individuals animate types. Authenticity is fragile. Documentary creativity celebrates this vulnerability, inviting visual anthropology to experiment, as well.