bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of mixing poly(lactic acid) with glycidyl methacrylate grafted poly(ethylene octene) on optical and mechanical properties of the blown films
Authors: Zhao Yan , Lang Xianzhong , Pan Hongwei , Wang Yajun , Yang Huili , Zhang Huiliang , Zhang Huixuan , Dong Lisong
Published: September 2015

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was plasticized with acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC). The plasticized PLA was further blended with poly(ethylene octene) grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (POE‐g‐GMA denoted as GPOE) using a twin‐screw extruder and the extruded samples were blown using the blown thin film technique. Both ATBC and GPOE significantly influenced the physical properties of the films. Compared to neat PLA, the elongation at break and tear strength of the films were significantly improved. The cavitation and large plastic deformation observed in films subjected to the tear test were the important energy‐dissipation process, which led to a torn PLA film. Moreover, the PLA/ATBC/GPOE blown films had better transparency and water tolerance than that of neat PLA. GPOE could act as a tear resistance modifier for PLA blown films. These findings contributed new knowledge to the additives area and gave important implications for designing and manufacturing polymer packaging materials. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2801–2813, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Depression and hopelessness in patients with acute leukemia: the psychological impact of an acute and life‐threatening disorder
Authors: Gheihman Galina , Zimmermann Camilla , Deckert Amy , Fitzgerald Peter , Mischitelle Ashley , Rydall Anne , Schimmer Aaron , Gagliese Lucia , Lo Chris , Rodin Gary
Published: September 2015

Objective

Acute leukemia (AL) is a life‐threatening cancer associated with substantial morbidity and mortality, particularly in older adults. Given that there has been little research on the psychological impact of such malignancies with acute onset, we assessed the prevalence and correlates of depression and hopelessness in patients with AL.

Methods

Three hundred forty‐one participants were recruited within 1 month of diagnosis or relapse and completed the Beck Depression Inventory‐II (BDI‐II), Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS), Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale, and other psychosocial measures. Multivariate regression analyses identified correlates of depression and hopelessness.

Results

17.8% reported clinically significant depressive symptoms (BDI‐II ≥ 15), 40.4% of which were in the moderate‐severe range (BDI‐II ≥ 20). 8.5% reported significant symptoms of hopelessness (BHS ≥ 8). Depression was associated with greater physical symptom burden (adjustedR2 = 48.4%), while hopelessness was associated with older age and lower self‐esteem (adjustedR2 = 45.4%). Both were associated with poorer spiritual well‐being.

Conclusions

Clinically significant depressive symptoms were common early in the course of AL and related to physical symptom burden. Hopelessness was less common and associated with older age and lower self‐esteem. The results suggest that whereas depression in AL may be related to disease burden, the preservation of hope may be linked to individual resilience, life stage, and realistic prognosis.Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential profile evaluation of a diamond lateral p–n junction diode using Kelvin probe force microscopy
Authors: Shirota Kazuya , Takeuchi Daisuke , Kato Hiromitsu , Makino Toshiharu , Ogura Masahiko , Okushi Hideyo , Yamasaki Satoshi
Published: September 2015

We report Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) analysis results for a diamond lateral p–n junction diode, which consists of a junction between band conduction and hopping conduction layers, and discuss the potential spatial distribution in the device. KPFM analysis was performed in order to clarify the real device operation mechanism because it can be used to determine surface potential profiles. The lateral p–n junction diode was fabricated using a selective growth technique for heavy phosphorus doping, resulting in hopping conduction layers. In the static state, the KPFM analysis results for the depletion layer width and built‐in potential were thought to be reasonable for a diamond p–n junction diode. In addition, the potential profile was obtained, even during the application of different bias voltages. These results indicate that KPFM analysis is appropriate for diamond devices.
Application of DFT for the modeling of the valence region photoelectron spectra of boron and d‐element complexes and macromolecules
Authors: Osmushko Ivan S. , Vovna Vitaliy I. , Tikhonov Sergey A. , Chizhov Yuriy V. , Krauklis Irina V.
Published: September 2015

Using density functional theory (DFT) in conjunction with ultraviolet (UPS) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), we investigated a number of complexes and macromolecules. We have shown on a large set of UPS, XPS, and DFT data that the calculated Kohn–Sham energies of organic and metalorganic complexes can be used as approximate ionization energies (IEs). It is possible to evaluate IEs with an accuracy of 0.1 eV with the density functional approximation (DFA) defect approach. This method has been successfully tested on a large number of boron β‐diketonates and d‐metal chelate and sandwich complexes. We interpreted the bands in the valence region of the XP spectra of macromolecular organosilicon compounds in the solid state by taking into account the density of states and the ionization cross‐sections. According to DFT calculation results, the one‐electron states in the valence region of the model compounds correlate with the positions of the spectral band maxima. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nonlinear output regulation for invertible nonlinear MIMO systems
Authors: Wang Lei , Isidori Alberto , Su Hongye , Marconi Lorenzo
Published: September 2015

In this paper, we address the problem of output regulation for a broad class of multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems. Specifically, we consider input–affine systems, which are invertible and input–output linearizable. This class includes, as a trivial special case, the class of MIMO systems which possess a well‐defined vector relative degree. It is shown that if a system in this class is strongly minimum phase, in a sense specified in the paper, the problem of output regulation can be solved via partial‐state feedback or via (dynamic) output feedback. The result substantially broadens the class of nonlinear MIMO systems for which the problem in question is known to be possible. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three‐dimensional reconstructions of solid surfaces using conventional microscopes
Authors: Ficker Tomáš , Martišek Dalibor
Published: September 2015

The three‐dimensional digital replicas of solid surfaces are subject of interest of different branches of science and technology. The present paper in its introductory parts brings an overview of the various microscopic reconstructive techniques based on optical sectioning. The main attention is devoted to conventional reconstruction methods and especially to that one employing the Fourier transform. The three‐dimensional replicas of this special reconstructive frequency method are compared graphically and numerically with the three‐dimensional replicas of the confocal method. Based on the comparative study it has been concluded that the quality of the conventional replicas of surfaces possessing textures of intermediate height irregularities is acceptable and almost comparable with the quality of confocal replicas. This study is relevant both for identifying a convenient technique that provides good qualities of three‐dimensional replicas and for selecting the hardware whose price is affordable even for small research groups studying rougher surface textures. SCANNING 38:21–35, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Proteolytic Isoforms of SPARC Induce Adipose Stromal Cell Mobilization in Obesity
Authors: Tseng Chieh , Kolonin Mikhail G.
Published: September 2015

Adipose stromal cells (ASC) are mesenchymal adipocyte progenitors that reside in the peri-endothelium of fat tissue. ASC mobilization and migration accompany white adipose tissue (WAT) remodeling and pathological conditions. Mechanisms regulating ASC trafficking are largely unknown. We previously reported that binding of the matricellular protein secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) to β1 integrin on ASC surface induces their motility. Here, we show that SPARC is required for ASC mobilization. We report two SPARC proteolytic isoforms, C-SPARC (lacking the N terminus) and N-SPARC (lacking the C terminus), generated in mesenteric WAT of obese mice. C-SPARC, but not N-SPARC, binds to β1 integrin on ASC, while N-SPARC preferentially binds to the extracellular matrix (ECM) and blocks ECM/integrin interaction. Interestingly, both C-SPARC and N-SPARC induce ASC deadhesion from the ECM, which is associated with modulation of integrin-dependent FAK-ERK signaling and integrin-independent ILK-Akt signaling. We show that these SPARC isoforms, acting on ASC through distinct mechanisms, have an additive effect in inducing ASC migration.
Comparative mechanical, fire‐retarding, and morphological properties of high‐density polyethylene/(wood flour) composites with different flame retardants
Authors: Zhang Jinlong , Mei Changtong , Huang Runzhou , Xu Xinwu , Lee Sunyoung , Kim Birm‐June , Wu Qinglin
Published: September 2015

Aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, and 1,2‐bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane were incorporated into high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and wood flour composites, and their mechanical properties, morphology, and fire‐retardancy performance were characterized. The addition of flame retardants slightly reduced the modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture of composites. Morphology characterization showed reduced interfacial adhesion among wood flour, HDPE, and flame retardants in the composites compared with control composites (HDPE and wood flour composites without the addition of flame retardants). The flame retardancy of composites was improved with the addition of the flame retardants, magnesium hydroxide and 1,2‐bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane, especially 1,2‐bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane, with a significant decrease in the heat release rate and total heat release. Char residue composition and morphology, analyzed by attenuated total reflectance, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, showed that the char layer was formed on the composite surface with the addition of flame retardants, which promoted the fire performance of composites. The composites with 10 wt% 1,2‐bis(pentabromophenyl) ethane had good fire performance with a continuous and compact char layer on the composite surface. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 24:3–12, 2018. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers
Group 11 Metal Complexes with Electron‐poor, 4,5‐Disubstituted Diimidazol‐2‐ylidene Ligands
Authors: Canteri Sara , Baron Marco , Tubaro Cristina , Biffis Andrea , Graiff Claudia
Published: September 2015

Novel dinuclear silver(I) and gold(I) complexes with 4,5‐disubstituted diimidazol‐2,2′‐diylidene ligands featuring a methylene or 1,3‐propylene bridge between the two N‐heterocyclic carbene moieties were prepared and characterized. The substituents in the backbone of the heterocyclic ring are electron‐withdrawing groups (chlorine atoms or cyanide groups) and their effect on the spectroscopic and structural properties of the resulting complexes was analyzed and discussed.
Taguchi Method and Grey Relational Analysis to Improve in Situ Production of FAME from Sunflower and Jatropha curcas Kernels with Subcritical Solvent Mixture
Authors: Sutanto Sylviana , Go Alchris Woo , Ismadji Suryadi , Ju Yi‐Hsu
Published: September 2015

This study investigates the possibility of employing in situ (trans)esterification (ISTE) under the subcritical condition (200–250 °C) of the solvent mixture (methanol + acetic acid) with a high solid loading and a low solvent to solid ratio (SSR). The Taguchi method together with grey relational analysis was used to improve both FAME yield and productivity. It was found that temperature reaction time and SSR were factors which contributed the most in obtaining high FAME yields. In addition to the above‐mentioned factors the addition of acetic acid also significantly improved the productivity. Employing the following conditions: 250 °C; 8.8 MPa; 3–7 mL/g SSR; 10 % acetic acid was found to provide an improved FAME yield and productivity. A confirmatory test resulted in a FAME yield of 87.5–92.7 % for sunflower kernels and 88.2–97.22 % for Jatropha curcas L. kernels and productivity up to 37.5 kg/m3/h can be obtained with good repeatability. Furthermore, the process developed in this study can tolerate moisture and a free fatty acid content of up to 25 %. The direct application of the method using whole kernels was also investigated.
A Comparative Study on Changes and Relationships of Kernel Biochemical Components in Different Types of Maize
Authors: Kahrıman Fatih , Egesel Cem Ömer , Egesel Başak
Published: September 2015

A great deal of genetic variability and breeding efforts have yielded a number of specialty maize types. Little is known about how the off‐target traits in specialty maize kernel have changed and how they compare to those of standard maize genotypes. In this study, we compared the normal (NORMAL), high‐oil (HOM) and high‐protein maize (HPM) genotypes in terms of oil, protein, fatty acids and some mineral components. We also investigated the relationships among the evaluated traits in different kernel types. We detected a significant variation among the maize types for all of the investigated traits. Specialty maize genotypes had a superior performance for the traits they were specifically bred for, as well as kernel mineral content over the normal genotypes. HOM and HPM had similar values in terms of their fatty acid composition. However, they were different from the standard genotypes, with higher oleic and lower linolenic acid levels, which indicates that the specialty maize genotypes possess a better oil quality. Correlation analysis revealed that only three pairs of correlations out of 46 values had the same sign and a similar level of significance in different types. Such similarities or differences in correlation values for different types should be taken into account in the efforts for developing high quality maize genotypes.
Change in the Stability of Marital and Cohabiting Unions Following the Birth of a Child
Authors: Musick Kelly , Michelmore Katherine
Published: September 2015

The share of births to cohabiting couples has increased dramatically in recent decades. How we evaluate the implications of these increases depends critically on change in the stability of cohabiting families. This study examines change over time in the stability of U.S. couples who have a child together, drawing on data from the 1995 and 2006–2010 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG). We parse out the extent to which change in the stability of cohabiting and married families reflects change in couples’ behavior versus shifts in the characteristics of those who cohabit, carefully accounting for trajectories of cohabitation and marriage around the couple’s first birth. Multivariate event history models provide evidence of a weakening association between cohabitation and instability given that marriage occurs at some point before or after the couple’s first birth. The more recent data show statistically indistinguishable separation risks for couples who have a birth in marriage without ever cohabiting, those who cohabit and then have a birth in marriage, and those who have a birth in cohabitation and then marry. Cohabiting unions with children are significantly less stable when de-coupled from marriage, although the parents in this group also differ most from others on observed (and likely, unobserved) characteristics.
An Old Story Retold: Loss of G1 Control Defines a Distinct Genomic Subtype of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Qiyan , Bai Jian , Abliz Amir , Liu Ying , Gong Kenan , Li Jingjing , Shi Wenjie , Pan Yaqi , Liu Fangfang , Lai Shujuan , Yang Haijun , Lu Changdong , Zhang Lixin , Chen Wei , Xu Ruiping , Cai Hong , Ke Yang , Zeng Changqing
Published: September 2015

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has a high mortality rate. To determine the molecular basis of ESCC development, this study sought to identify characteristic genome-wide alterations in ESCC, including exonic mutations and structural alterations. The clinical implications of these genetic alterations were also analyzed. Exome sequencing and verification were performed for nine pairs of ESCC and the matched blood samples, followed by validation with additional samples using Sanger sequencing. Whole-genome SNP arrays were employed to detect copy number alteration (CNA) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in 55 cases, including the nine ESCC samples subjected to exome sequencing. A total of 108 non-synonymous somatic mutations (NSSMs) in 102 genes were verified in nine patients. The chromatin modification process was found to be enriched in our gene ontology (GO) analysis. Tumor genomes with TP53 mutations were significantly more unstable than those without TP53 mutations. In terms of the landscape of genomic alterations, deletion of 9p21.3 covering CDKN2A/2B (30.9%), amplification of 11q13.3 covering CCND1 (30.9%), and TP53 point mutation (50.9%) occurred in two-thirds of the cases. These results suggest that the deregulation of the G1 phase during the cell cycle is a key event in ESCC. Furthermore, six minimal common regions were found to be significantly altered in ESCC samples and three of them, 9p21.3, 7p11.2, and 3p12.1, were associated with lymph node metastasis. With the high correlation of TP53 mutation and genomic instability in ESCC, the amplification of CCND1, the deletion of CDKN2A/2B, and the somatic mutation of TP53 appear to play pivotal roles via G1 deregulation and therefore helps to classify this cancer into different genomic subtypes. These findings provide clinical significance that could be useful in future molecular diagnoses and therapeutic targeting.
Evaporation-driven ring and film deposition from colloidal droplets
Authors: Kaplan C. Nadir , Mahadevan L.
Published: September 2015

Evaporating suspensions of colloidal particles lead to the formation of a variety of patterns, ranging from a left-over ring of a dried coffee drop to uniformly distributed solid pigments left behind wet paint. To characterize the transition between rings and uniform deposits, we investigate the dynamics of a drying droplet via a multiphase model of colloidal particles in a solvent. Our theory couples the inhomogeneous evaporation at the evolving droplet interface to the dynamics inside the drop. This includes the liquid flow, local variations of the particle concentration leading to a cross-over between dilute and dense suspensions, and the resulting propagation of the deposition front. A dimensionless parameter combining the capillary number and the droplet aspect ratio captures the formation conditions of different pattern types while correctly accounting for the transition from Stokes flow to Darcy flow at high solute concentrations.
Steady free-surface flow over spatially periodic topography
Authors: Binder B. J. , Blyth M. G. , Balasuriya S.
Published: September 2015

Two-dimensional free-surface flow over a spatially periodic channel bed topography is examined using a steady periodically forced Korteweg–de Vries equation. The existence of new forced solitary-type waves with periodic tails is demonstrated using recently developed non-autonomous dynamical-systems theory. Bound states with two or more co-existing solitary waves are also identified. The solution space for varying amplitude of forcing is explored using a numerical method. A rich bifurcation structure is uncovered and shown to be consistent with an asymptotic theory based on small forcing amplitude.
The Derivation and Application of Fundamental Solutions for Unsteady Stokes Equations
Authors: Hsiao C-H. , Young D.-L.
Published: September 2015

In this paper, two formulations in explicit form to derive the fundamental solutions for two and three dimensional unsteady unbounded Stokes flows due to a mass source and a point force are presented, based on the vector calculus method and also the Hörmander’s method. The mathematical derivation process for the fundamental solutions is detailed. The steady fundamental solutions of Stokes equations can be obtained from the unsteady fundamental solutions by the integral process. As an application, we adopt fundamental solutions: an unsteady Stokeslet and an unsteady potential dipole to validate a simple case that a sphere translates in Stokes or low-Reynolds-number flow by using the singularity method instead by the traditional method which in general limits to the assumption of oscillating flow. It is concluded that this study is able to extend the unsteady Stokes flow theory to more general transient motions by making use of the fundamental solutions of the linearly unsteady Stokes equations.
Individual Differences in Intention to Fake Job Interviews: Personality, Self-Monitoring, and the Theory of Planned Behaviour
Authors: Lester Candice , Anglim Jeromy , Fullarton Christie
Published: September 2015

When job applicants lie in job interviews, they can deprive a more honest candidate of a job and deprive an organisation of the best employees. To better understand job interview faking, the present study examined the effect of general dispositions and domain-specific beliefs on the intention to fake job interviews. A community sample of 313 participants completed measures of personality (i.e., extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness) and self-monitoring, and a domain-specific measure of beliefs about faking job interviews based on the theory of planned behaviour, which measured attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioural control. Results indicated that the measure of attitudes was the strongest predictor of intention to fake. In line with the compatibility principle, the domain-specific measures based on the theory of planned behaviour correlated much more strongly with intentions to fake job interviews than did the general measures of personality or self-monitoring. Of the dispositional measures, lower conscientiousness, higher neuroticism, and higher self-monitoring was associated with greater intention to fake job interviews. The findings support a model whereby the effect of personality on intentions is partially mediated by domain-specific beliefs.
EVIDENCE FOR AND AGAINST AUDIENCE-ACTOR CONTACT IN ARISTOPHANES (PAX 877–906, ACH. 257–83, THESM. 659–87 AND NUB. 275–355)
Authors: Donelan Jasper F.
Published: September 2015

Unlike tragedy, Old Comedy openly acknowledges its own festival context and the existence of a world beyond the one created for and occupied by its masked characters. Admission of the theatrical setting is a standard well-documented feature and was an effective way of drawing spectators into the drama's fiction. To the same end, speaking directly to the audience formed an integral part of Aristophanes' plays and very probably of the comic genre as a whole. We can therefore think of comedy as an ‘inclusive’ art form, one that (self-)consciously attempted to involve and engage its consumers, in particular via explicit verbal address. On the other hand, the evidence is much slimmer for actors moving outside of the performance area or otherwise physically bringing the audience members and the fictional cast into contact and, regardless of how attractive it might seem, this type of spatial negotiation is far from established. It may well be the case that in spite of comedy's relative liberty, certain barriers continued to exist, including the invisible barrier that divided the acting area from the auditorium.
ENHANCING YIELD OF CLUSTERBEAN (CYAMOPSIS TETRAGONOLOBA L. TAUB) WITH FOLIAR APPLICATION OF SULPHYDRYL COMPOUNDS UNDER HOT ARID CONDITIONS
Authors: NATHAWAT N. S. , RATHORE V. S. , MEEL B. , BHARDWAJ S. , YADAVA N. D.
Published: September 2015

Water stress is one of the main environmental stress conditions that adversely affect growth and yield of crops. Sulphydryl (-SH) compounds have been reported to induce tolerance to abiotic stress conditions. A two-year (2010 and 2011) experiment was conducted at Bikaner, Rajasthan, India to test whether the exogenous applications of thiourea (500, 750 and 1000 mg L−1) and thioglycolic acid (200, 300 and 400 mg L−1) as a foliar spray would alleviate deleterious effects of water stress on clusterbean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L.). The -SH-treated plants showed higher membrane stability index, photosynthetic pigment content, photosynthetic capacity and antioxidant enzyme activities and lower lipid peroxidation compared with untreated plants. Compared with untreated plants, the -SH-treated plants had 11–18, 18–30, 17–57, 25–47, 14–22% higher membrane stability index, total chlorophyll content, antioxidant enzyme activities, net photosynthetic rate and seed yield, respectively; whereas the malondialdehyde content was 10–19% lower. These data suggest that under water deficit stress, exogenous -SH compound application improves photosynthesis by increasing photosynthetic pigment, protects plants against oxidative damage by scavenging reactive oxygen species and minimizing lipid peroxidation by elevated antioxidant enzyme activities. These results indicated the role of -SH compounds in diminishing the negative effects of water deficit on clusterbean and suggest that -SH compounds could be used as a potential bioregulator to improve plant growth and yield under water deficit conditions.
Morphology and molecular analysis of Mizelleus indicus Jain () and M. longicirrus (Tripathi, ) Venkatanarasaiah & Kulkarni 1981 (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) from the freshwater shark Wallago attu in the Ganga River, India
Authors: Verma C. , Chaudhary A. , Singh H.S.
Published: September 2015

Species of the genus Mizelleus Jain (1957) have always been controversial regarding identification and validity. Members of this group of species differ from each other in the morphology of their hard parts, which can be misleading and subject to differing interpretation among scientists. Therefore, the main objective of present study was to identify Mizelleus worms by morphological methods and molecular analysis on the basis of 18S ribosomal DNA to clarify their phylogenetic status. In this study, specimens were isolated from the gill filaments of Wallago attu (Siluriformes) and studied morphologically. In accordance with morphological characters, the specimens were found to be Mizelleus indicus and Mizelleus longicirrus. Partial sequences of nuclear 18S rDNA of these two species were amplified. The results confirm the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic validation of M. indicus and M. longicirrus in India.
Impact of childhood adversities on specific symptom dimensions in first-episode psychosis
Authors: Ajnakina O. , Trotta A. , Oakley-Hannibal E. , Di Forti M. , Stilo S. A. , Kolliakou A. , Gardner-Sood P. , Gaughran F. , David A. S. , Dazzan P. , Pariante C. , Mondelli V. , Morgan C. , Vassos E. , Murray R. M. , Fisher H. L.
Published: September 2015

Background

The relationship between childhood adversity (CA) and psychotic disorder is well documented. As the adequacy of the current categorical diagnosis of psychosis is being increasingly questioned, we explored independent associations between different types of CA and specific psychotic symptom dimensions in a well-characterized sample of first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients.

Method

This study involved 236 FEP cases aged 18–65 years who presented for the first time to psychiatric services in South London, UK. Psychopathology was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the statistical fit of the Wallwork/Fortgang five-factor model of psychosis. CA prior to 17 years of age (physical abuse, sexual abuse, parental separation, parental death, and being taken into care) was retrospectively assessed using the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire.

Results

Childhood sexual abuse [β= 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40–1.52], childhood physical abuse (β= 0.48, 95% CI 0.03–0.93) and parental separation (β= 0.60, 95% CI 0.10–1.11) showed significant associations with the positive dimension; while being taken into care was associated with the excited dimension (β= 0.36, 95% CI 0.08–0.65), independent of the other types of CA. No significant associations were found between parental death and any of the symptom dimensions.

Conclusions

A degree of specificity was found in the relationships between different types of CA and psychosis symptom dimensions in adulthood, suggesting that distinct pathways may be involved in the CA–psychosis association. These potentially different routes to developing psychosis merit further empirical and theoretical exploration.
VIRGIL'S FOURTH ECLOGUE AND THE VISUAL ARTS
Authors: Houghton L.B.T.
Published: September 2015

Virgil's poetry has frequently appeared in illustrated editions, and has regularly provided subjects for other works of art, including some of the most celebrated masterpieces of the western tradition. In view of its constant appropriation in literary contexts over the course of the centuries, we might expect the famous fourth Eclogue (the so-called ‘messianic’ eclogue) to have exerted more of an impact on visual culture than it appears to have done. This paper considers some of the possible reasons for the apparent scarcity of engagement with Virgil's poem beyond the literary sphere, and examines the uses to which the poet's text is put when it does make an appearance in visual media — perhaps more often than has sometimes been supposed.
STUART AND STUARDO: JAMES III AND HIS NEAPOLITAN COUSIN
Authors: Corp Edward
Published: September 2015

King Charles II's first illegitimate son, the little-known Jacques de La Cloche, married a lady in Naples and had a posthumous son, born in 1669 and known as Don Giacomo Stuardo. Although his father was illegitimate and he himself a Catholic, Stuardo hoped that he might one day become King of England. The Glorious Revolution resulted in opposition between supporters of the Protestant Succession to the British thrones and supporters of the exiled Catholic Stuarts, James II and then his son James III. When the Protestant Queen Anne was succeeded by the unpopular Hanoverian George I in 1714, James III was still unmarried and had no children, so Stuardo hoped that James might recognize him as the Jacobite heir. When James married and had two sons, Stuardo hoped that his cousin would at least receive him as a Stuart prince. All his attempts to meet James III and secure recognition were unsuccessful, and he died disappointed and in poverty in about 1752. In the tercentenary of the Hanoverian Succession, enough archival information finally has emerged to provide a study of the life of this alternative claimant to the British thrones.
NOTES FROM ROME 2014–15
Authors: Coates-Stephens Robert
Published: September 2015

This gazette presents to the reader outside Rome news of recent archaeological activity (primarily in 2014, but also in the first part of 2015), gleaned from public lectures, conferences, exhibitions and newspaper reports.
Death age, seasonality, taphonomy and colonization of seal carcasses from Ulu Peninsula, James Ross Island, Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Nývlt Daniel , Fišáková Miriam Nývltová , Barták Miloš , Stachoň Zdeněk , Pavel Václav , Mlčoch Bedřich , Láska Kamil
Published: September 2015

The origin and nature of seal carcasses scattered around the Ulu Peninsula, James Ross Island, is examined using robust and novel multidisciplinary analysis. Spatial distribution analysis indicates their predominance at low elevations and on surfaces with negligible slope. The seals died throughout the last century. Dental cement increments indicate that the seals died in late winter, and we interpret this to show an influence of the persistence and break-up of sea ice and the appearance of pools/cracks in the northern Prince Gustav Channel on death. Specifically, after being trapped by a late winter freeze-up the seals search for open water, become disoriented by snow-covered flat valleys and move inland. Carcasses from all age groups of crabeater seal are found on land, but inland movement is less notable for Weddell and leopard seals. Although most carcasses appear to have remained unchanged during the last 10 years due to the cold and dry conditions, a few carcasses that are located in sites of snow accumulation and subsequent melting have undergone enhanced decay. Decaying seal carcasses represent loci of nutrient release in a nutrient deficient environment and are colonized by algae, cyanobacteria, lichens and mosses. This research suggests further useful studies for the future.
The Death of the Agama Lizard: The Historical Significances of a Multi-authored Rock-art Site in the Northern Cape (South Africa)
Authors: McGranaghan Mark
Published: September 2015

The ethnographic data of the Bleek-Lloyd archive pertaining to the ǀXam Bushmen (San) of the Karoo have been marshalled to great effect in developing understandings of Bushman rock art throughout southern Africa, with implications for archaeological interpretations of hunter-gatherer rock arts worldwide. Rock art from their homelands, however, has received comparatively little attention, and obvious historical content—which would tie the art to the socio-cultural milieu of the Bleek-Lloyd informants—has occasioned relatively little comment. This paper returns to one site (the Strandberg) known to have been a prominent feature in the cultural landscape of the ǀXam to explore the historical imagery present there, examining the ways in which this art demonstrates the ongoing vitality of certain aspects of ǀXam life in the face of the dramatic socio-cultural changes experienced by these groups from the nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. The paper investigates the range of potential authors for the art, and looks at the context of its production within the expansion of global markets, violent interactions and shifting subsistence options that characterized the late nineteenth-century Northern Cape.
Prenatal diagnosis of isolated coronary artery fistulas: progression and outcome in five cases
Authors: Sharland Gurleen K. , Konta Laura , Qureshi Shakeel A.
Published: September 2015

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics, progression, treatment, and outcomes in isolated coronary artery fistula cases diagnosed prenatally.

Methods

We carried out a retrospective review of babies diagnosed prenatally with coronary artery fistulas between January, 2000 and December, 2013; five fetuses were included. Echocardiographic features and measurements were noted during pregnancy and after birth. Treatment and outcome were noted.

Results

Gestational age at initial diagnosis was between 19 and 22 weeks; four coronary artery fistulas originated from the right and one from the left circumflex coronary artery. Drainage was into the right atrium in four cases and into the left ventricle in one case. There was cardiomegaly in two cases at the initial scan. The size of the fistulas increased during pregnancy in all except one. All prenatal diagnoses were confirmed postnatally. Among all, two patients developed congestive cardiac failure soon after birth and required transcatheter closure of the coronary artery fistula, 5 and 17 days after birth, respectively; three patients remained asymptomatic, and all of them showed progressive dilation of the feeding artery and had closure of the fistula at 20 months, 4 years, and 7 years of age, respectively. During the follow-up period, which ranged 2–14 years, all the patients were alive and well.

Conclusions

Coronary artery fistulas can be diagnosed accurately during fetal life. Some babies may develop congestive cardiac failure soon after birth requiring early treatment. Those treated conservatively should be kept under review as intervention may be required later.
Medium-term follow-up of renal function in hypoxaemic congenital heart disease patients
Authors: Martínez-Quintana Efrén , Rodríguez-González Fayna
Published: September 2015

Introduction

Hypoxaemic congenital heart disease (CHD) patients are at higher risk of complications. The aim of this study was to compare and follow-up blood and 24-hour urine analytical data in hypoxaemic and non-hypoxaemic CHD patients.

Methods

The inclusion criteria for this study were as follows: patients older than 14 years of age with a structural CHD with or without associated hypoxaemia.

Results

In total, 27 hypoxaemic and 48 non-hypoxaemic CHD patients were included in order to compare blood and 24-hour urine analytical data. Among hypoxaemic patients, 13 (48.1%) were male, two (7.4%) had diabetes mellitus, one of whom was a smoker, one (3.7%) had systemic arterial hypertension, and 11 (40.7%) showed pulmonary arterial hypertension. The mean follow-up time was 3.1±1.9 years. Hypoxaemic CHD patients showed higher proteinuria concentrations (g/24 hours) (0.09 (0.07; 0.46) versus 0.08 (0.07; 0.1), p=0.054) and 24-hour albumin excretion rate (µg/min) (16.5 (11.2; 143.5) versus 4.4 (0.0; 7.6), p<0.001) compared with non-hypoxaemic CHD patients; however, no significant differences were found in the proteinuria levels and in the 24-hour albumin excretion rate in CHD patients with associated hypoxaemia, both at baseline and at follow-up. When divided into groups, hypoxaemic patients with palliative shunts showed significantly higher proteinuria concentrations compared with hypoxaemic patients not operated on or with Fontan procedures (p=0.01). No significant differences were seen in 24-hour proteinuria and 24-hour albumin excretion rate during the follow-up of patients with palliative shunts.

Conclusions

Hypoxaemic CHD patients have significant higher 24-hour proteinuria concentration and 24-hour albumin excretion rate compared with non-hypoxaemic CHD patients. Among hypoxaemic CHD patients, those with palliative shunts showed the highest 24-hour proteinuria concentrations.
Religion, Forgiveness and Humanity
Authors: Hamilton Christopher
Published: September 2015

There are many ways of doing philosophy of religion. No doubt all of them have need of abstract concepts and passages where reflection is more technical than it usually is, say in everyday thought and reflection. But it is well known that, in this area of philosophy, and not only in this area of philosophy, abstract reflection can run the risk of losing contact with the ins and outs, the finer-grained details, of the lived experience of reality. One way to seek to reduce this risk is to approach abstract or general reflection through philosophical reflection on specific cases. This is what I intend to do in this paper. My aim is to explore in detail a specific and, in my view, extraordinarily striking example, in this case, an example of forgiveness in a religious, indeed, Christian context, drawing out where possible general or abstract conclusions, but seeking always to root reflection in the specific case in order to understand better from a philosophical point of view what is at stake, what is important, when thinking about the issue in question. Of course, I shall be seeking primarily to elucidate philosophically the example I shall discuss, but, by implication, I hope that the kinds of questions, worries and concerns I discuss might raise consciousness – philosophical consciousness – of the kinds of questions that we might explore in other examples, specifically those which involve forgiveness in a religious context.
The impact of first and second language exposure on learning second language constructions
Authors: MATUSEVYCH YEVGEN , ALISHAHI AFRA , BACKUS AD
Published: September 2015

We study how the learning of argument structure constructions in a second language (L2) is affected by two basic input properties often discussed in literature – the amount of input and the time of L2 onset. To isolate the impact of the two factors on learning, we use a computational model that simulates bilingual construction learning. In the first two experiments we manipulate the sheer amount of L2 exposure, both in absolute and in relative terms (that is, in relation to the amount of L1 exposure). The results show that higher cumulative amount of L2 exposure leads to higher performance. In the third experiment we manipulate the prior amount of L1 input before the L2 onset (that is, the time of L2 onset). Given equal exposure, we find no negative effect of the later onset on learners’ performance. This has implications for theories of order of acquisition and bilingual construction learning.
Argentina – Ceramic Tiles: Argentina – Definitive Anti-dumping Measures on Imports of Ceramic Floor Tiles from Italy
Authors: Howse Robert , Neven Damien J.
Published: September 2015

The WTO rules on dumping and anti-dumping reflect a political bargain, negotiated in the context of a fundamental normative dissensus as to whether dumping is a “wrong” practice and why.

In the GATT, there is anapparentlystrong statement against dumping, which can be defined as the sale of a product in the country of importation at a lower price than in the country of exportation, or at below cost. Dumping, the GATT says, is to be “condemned.” However, this is immediately followed by the qualification “ifit causes or threatens material injury to an established industry in the territory of a contracting party or materially retards the establishment of a domestic injury”(Article VI.1: emphasis added).
United States – Section 129(c)(1) of the Uruguay Round Agreements Act (WTO Doc. WT/DS22/R of 15 July 2002): Beating Around (The) Bush
Authors: Bagwell Kyle , Mavroidis Petros C.
Published: September 2015

In this dispute, Canada attacks Section 129(c)(1) of the US trade legislation as a result of the entry into force of the Uruguay Round Agreements [Uruguay Round Agreements Act (URAA), hereinafter “Section 129”] which provides that a new antidumping or countervailing duty determination made by the Department of Commerce (DOC) or the International Trade Commission (ITC) to bring a previous antidumping, countervailing duty or injury determination into conformity with an adverse WTO panel or Appellate Body report applies only to imports that enter the United States on or after the date that the United States Trade Representative (USTR) directs implementation of the new determination.
Canada – Export Credits and Loan Guarantees for Regional Aircraft (WT/DS222/R) A Comment
Authors: Howse Robert , Neven Damien J.
Published: September 2015

This panel report represents another installment in the long-standing litigation between Canada and Brazil over subsidization of sales of commuter jets by both countries. The report addresses a set of claims by Brazil closely related to prior claims concerning the practices of the Export Development Corporation as well as industrial policy entities in the Canadian province of Quebec. Brazil specifically challenged certain recent transactions where these federal and provincial entities provided certain kinds of financing assistance in connection with the sale of Bombardier aircraft (namely to Air Wisconsin, Atlantic Coast Airlines, Comair, Kendell, and Air Nostrum). For the most part the panel applied existing jurisprudence on export subsidies to the factual record. In particular, the panel applied a “private investor principle”, verifying in all instances whether the conditions that were granted by the export development and industrial policy agencies were more favorable than the conditions that were available from alternative private sources.
United States – Definitive Safeguard Measures on Imports of Circular Welded Carbon Quality Line Pipe From Korea Not for Attribution
Authors: Grossman Gene M. , Mavroidis Petros C.
Published: September 2015

This dispute concerns the imposition of a definitive safeguard measure by the United States on imports of circular welded carbon quality line pipe (“line pipe”) from Korea (WTO DOC. WTO/DS 202/AB/R). The measure was imposed following an investigation conducted by the US International Trade Commission (USITC). The USITC determined in a safeguard investigation initiated on 29 July 1999 that “circular welded carbon quality line pipe . . . is being imported into the United States in such increased quantities as to be a substantial cause of serious injury or the threat of serious injury.” In its investigation, the USITC identified a number of factors apart from increased imports that might have caused serious injury or threat of serious injury to the domestic line pipe industry. The Commission concluded that increased imports were “a cause which is important and not less than any other cause” and that, therefore, the statutory requirement of “substantial cause” had been met.
Chile – Price Band System and Safeguard Measures Relating to Certain Agricultural Products
Authors: Bagwell Kyle , Sykes Alan O.
Published: September 2015

This study addresses the dispute brought to the World Trade Organization (WTO) by Argentina concerning certain Chilean measures affecting the importation of wheat, wheat flour, oil seeds, edible vegetable oils and sugar. The complaint by Argentina challenged two types of policies – a “price band system” that was applicable to four of those product categories, and safeguards measures that were applicable to three of them. The WTO panel ruled in favor of Argentina on both sets of measures. It found that the price band system violated Article IV of the Agriculture Agreement and Article II of GATT 1994. The safeguards measures, according to the panel, violated various provisions of the Safeguards Agreement, as well as Article XIX of GATT 1994. Chile elected not to appeal the panel ruling regarding the safeguards measures, but did appeal the adverse finding as to the price band system.
United States – Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000 (WT/DS217/AB/R: DSR 2003:I,375)
Authors: Horn Henrik , Mavroidis Petros C.
Published: September 2015

On January 16, 2003, the WTO Appellate Body (AB) issued its report on the appeal by the United States (US) of the Panel decision in United States – Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000. The report concerns the consistency of the United States Continued Dumping and Subsidy Offset Act of 2000 (the “CDSOA,” or the so-called Byrd Amendment) with several WTO provisions. This legislation requests the federal state to distribute proceeds from antidumping and countervailing duties to all US economic operators that have supported a request previously submitted to the ratione materiae competent US authority to investigate alleged dumping or subsidization. The appeal was directed against the Panel’s finding that the Byrd legislation was inconsistent with the US obligations under the WTO Antidumping Agreement (AD), and the Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures (SCM). A total of 11 complainants (Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, the European Community, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Mexico, and Thailand), and five additional third parties (Argentina, Costa Rica, Hong Kong (China), Israel, and Norway), evidence the interest among WTO Members in the issues at stake in the dispute.