bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of internal diseases in the premotor phase of Parkinson’s disease by analyzing a large database covering a whole population
Authors: Szabolcs Szatmári , András Ajtay , Ferenc Oberfrank , Dániel Bereczki
Published: February 2020

The premotor phase of Parkinson’s disease (PD) precedes the appearance of motor symptoms by years. Many non-motor diseases have been associated with an increased risk of developing PD, but results of these studies are conflicting. The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of certain internal diseases (metabolic, circulatory, gastrointestinal) based on diagnosis codes, before the diagnosis of PD. There were 5209 patients included in the study who received diagnosis of PD at least in 2 years and we analyzed data retrospectively between 2004 and 2016. Out of metabolic diseases dyslipidemia (41%) and diabetes mellitus (32%), out of circulatory diseases hypertension (89%) and ischemic heart disease (51%) and out of gastrointestinal diseases gastroesophageal reflux disease (51%) and gallstones (25%) were the first two most common disorders in the examined PD patients. This is the first study in Hungary which analyzed PD in a large database in the context of internal diseases, and raised the possibility of a link between dyslipidemias, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease, gastooesophagial reflux, gallstones and PD.
The Populist phenomena and the reasons for their success in Hungary
Authors: Glied Viktor
Published: February 2020

After the parliamentary elections in 2014, the weakened legitimacy of the Hungarian government could be re-established through activism in migration issues. Fidesz-KDNP that won elections twice already highlighted migration as the main theme of governance from 2014 to 2018, suppressing every other topic on the political agenda. The position that was established for purposes of the Hungarian domestic situation and politics initially faced intense rejections all over Europe, but then garnered some supporters as well, mostly in post-socialist Central and Eastern Europe, and to a smaller extent among the right-wing and populist parties of Western Europe. The anti-refugee and populist approach caused significant success in the communication field to the subscribing parties and governments, and also legitimised Hungarian government’s efforts that could mean it met the majority of the Hungarian society’s expectations. The most essential question is that how can political science reshape its terms and thoughts on populism to understand this phenomenon better, moreover what are the reasons of populism and why is the populist propaganda such successful in Hungary and Eastern Europe.
Industrial Engineering for Healthcare Management – Example Lean Management and ICT Tools
Authors: Buczacki Aleksander , Gładysz Bartłomiej , Timler Dariusz
Published: February 2020

Industrial engineering is a field dealing with optimization of complex processes, systems, or organizations by developing, improving and implementing integrated systems of people, money, knowledge, information, equipment, energy, and materials. Hence, the scope of industrial engineering is wide and includes various fields, from manufacturing, through banking, different types of services, to administration and healthcare. Various industrial engineering tools could be implemented in healthcare settings. The use of such tools is popular in western economies. For example, simulation modelling of services is popular in the US. However, there is still a very limited number of case studies on the application of such tools in healthcare that would consider the Polish economy. The aim of this paper is to present selected successful applications of lean management tools in the Polish healthcare. This may serve as an inspiration for healthcare organizations to search for and implement methodological approaches to improve their services.
Development of Management Control System Research: Study on Behavioral Research in Accounting Journal (2006–2018)
Authors: SeTin SeTin , Augustine Yvonne
Published: February 2020

This paper provides a descriptive analysis of management control system (MCS) in BRIA journal from 2006 to 2018. A total of 180 articles were examined, resulting in the identification of 34 articles for further analysis. The analysis led to several findings. 1) Most of the articles use quantitative methods, examine MCS at the managerial level, and emphasize one- or two-dimensional control systems. 2) The dominant topics are strategic performance measurement system, budget, reward compensation system, and performance achievement. 3) The dominant independent variables are incentives, psychological, strategy performance measurement systems, and environmental dynamism. 4) The dominant dependent variables are performance and psychological variables. 5) Environmental dynamism and environmental uncertainty are the external contingencies that affect performance, and the most dominant internal contingency is the variable related to individual factors. 6) Finally, the majority of the article use contingency variables that tend to concentrate on increasing the number of independent rather than dependent variables.

Keywords: Management control system, BRIA Journal 2006-2018
PRIMENA SOFTVERA QGIS I PROGRAMSKOG JEZIKA PYTHON U ANALIZI PODATAKA
Authors: Ninović Milena
Published: February 2020

Zadatak ovog istraživanja jeste da se za indikator Bruto domaćeg proizvoda (BDP) utvrdi vrednost korelacije sa drugim indikatorima i da se na taj način odredi koji od njih, i u kolikoj meri, utiču na porast ili smanjenje BDP-a. Za analizu korelacije BDP-a i sedam indikatora korišćen je program napisan u programskom jeziku „Python“. Osim toga, program je grupisao u CSV fajlove vrednosti za sve indikatore po godinama. Za indikator BDP-a , učitani su CSV fajlovi u programu QGIS, u kojem je prikazano kretanja BDP-a na mapi za sve zemlje Evrope tokom deset godina. Zaključeno je da indikatori „Ruralno“ i „Urbano stanovništvo“ imaju najznačajniji uticaj na BDP. Pokazano je da se pomoću ova dva programa može vršiti analiza velikog broja indikatora.
REAKTIVACIJA OBJEKTA NEKADAŠNJE KOŽARE U NOVOM SADU
Authors: Ramusović Amir
Published: February 2020

Tema ovog master rada jeste istraživa­nje i predlog reaktivacije objekta nekadašnje kožare u Novom Sadu. Kroz studije slučaja obuhvaćeni su domaći i strani primeri reaktivacije i coworking prostora. Analizi­ranо je postojeće stanje objekta, njegove karakteristike i istorijsko - društveni kontekst оvog objekta. Grafički deo rada sadrži predlog rešenja reaktivacije objekta nekadašnje kožare u coworking prostor.
UNAPREĐENJE SERVISA POTROŠAČA U PREDUZEĆU „APOTEKA SUBOTICA“
Authors: Kukulj Snežana
Published: February 2020

U radu je izvršena analiza trenutnog stanja u preduzeću „Apoteka Subotica“ sa ciljem da se pomoću određenih metoda identifikuju moguće mere unapređenja u oblasti logistike, odnosno marketing logistike i  servisa potrošača.
UPOTREBA TEHNOLOGIJE VIRTUELNE I PROŠIRENE STVARNOSTI U MARKETINGU
Authors: Mitrović Ksenija
Published: February 2020

Cilj ovog istraživanja podrazumeva ispitivanje nivoa i uspešnosti upotrebe virtuelne i proširene stvarnosti u sklopu marketinških aktivnosti. U okviru teme dat je osvrt na izazove i prihvatanje virtuelnih rešenja od strane potrošača. Na primeru brenda Ikea prikazana su tri sučaja primene VR-a i AR-a i opisani njihovi ciljevi i efekti. Istraživanje dobija na značaju u periodu kada Industrija 4.0 unosi revolucio­narne promene na poslovnom polju i kada se kompanije susreću sa transformacijom u svoj digitalni oblik.
ISTRAŽIVANJA POJAVE MIKROPLASTIKE U OTPADNIM VODAMA SA DEPONIJA
Authors: Narevski Aleksandra
Published: February 2020

Na samom početku rada dat je pregled stanja upravljanja plastikom u svetu. Zatim, radom je definisan fenomen mikroplastike, navedeni su i opisani izvori mikroplastike, kao i uticaj iste na životnu sredinu i živi svet. Metodologija uzorkovanja i laboratorijske analize opisane su jednim od poglavlja ovog rada. Rezultati izvedenog eksperimenta direktno ukazuju na prisustvo mikroplastike u otpadnim vodama sa deponija, a daljom analizom rezultata došlo se i do količine mikroplastike detektovane u uzorcima.
ЗОНИРАЊE ПОЉОПРИВРЕДНИХ ПАРЦЕЛА УПОТРЕБОМ ВЕГЕТАЦИОНИХ ИНДЕКСА
Authors: Гавриловић Милан
Published: February 2020

У овом раду описан је поступак класирања пољопривредног земљишта у класе, на основу стања вегетације. Добијени производи су затим дистрибуирани кроз трослојну GIS архитек­туру и приказани на геопорталу.
SISTEM ZA AUTOMATIZACIJU PROCESA EVIDENCIJE LIČNIH TROŠKOVA
Authors: Luković Tamara
Published: February 2020

Vođenje evidencije ličnih troškova veliki broj ljudi smatra gubitkom vremena. Međutim, ukoliko bi taj proces bio automatizovan, vreme za unos i analizu troškova bilo bi znatno smanjeno. Evidentiranje troškova ima velikog znajačaja prilikom kreiranja budžeta kao i prilikom analize za redukciju potrošnje. Takodje vodjenje evidencije pruža transparentnost i uvid u stanje ušteđevine po valuti. Na ovaj način korisnici mogu da lakše analiziraju mesečnu potrošnju sa ciljem smanjenja nepredviđenih troškova i planiranjem budžeta u narednom periodu za takve situacije. U ovom radu su opisane tehnologije koje su korišćene za izradu web aplikacije kao i struktura same aplikacije. Predstavljene su ključne stranice i opisane funkcionalnosti. Takodje u zaključku su definisani i naredni koraci unapredjenja.
CONSELHO EDITORIAL
Authors: Editorial Conselho
Published: February 2020

Conselho Editorial
Ação educativa para as gestantes na promoção da “Golden hour”: relato de experiência
Authors: Sena Rafaela Pereira de , Souza Gabriela Nascimento de , Monteiro Luiza Alessandra Oliveira , Souza Yenne Patrícia Rodrigues de , Santos Yves de Luka Miranda dos , Araújo Maria Rute de Souza , Silva Silvia Cristina Santos da , Silva Rodrigo Maia da , Parente Jorgeany Soares
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência vivenciada pela atividade educativa para gestantes na promoção da Golden hour, realizada em uma Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF), no município de Belém-PA. Relato da experiência: Foi realizada uma roda de conversa no qual abordou-se o tema "Golden hour”, enfatizando sua importância na vida do recém-nascido e da mãe, de forma crítica-reflexiva observou-se a visão e o interesse que as mesmas manifestaram sobre tais assuntos. O uso das metodologias ativas permitiu as gestantes aquisição de novos conhecimentos sobre a temática e um repensar da importância de saber sobre seus direitos e ainda com uso de dinâmicas envolvendo músicas, balões e perguntas relacionadas ao assunto desenvolvido, foi percebido carências de informações e orientações dos profissionais de saúde para com as gestantes sobre a importância do tema. Além disso, para esse estudo foi disponibilizado tecnologias em forma de folhetos educativos, no qual continham orientações e conhecimentos acerca da hora de ouro. Considerações Finais: É necessário o empoderamento feminino para garantir esses direitos, assim como a sensibilização dessas mulheres pelos profissionais de saúde afim de reduzir a morbimortalidade neonatal seguindo os cuidados corretos das boas práticas desta primeira hora.
How Certain Are the Reported Ionic Conductivities of Thiophosphate-Based Solid Electrolytes? an Interlaboratory Study
Authors: Ohno Saneyuki , Bernges Tim , Buchheim Johannes , Duchardt Marc , Hatz Anna-Katharina , Kraft Marvin , Kwak Hiram , Santhosha A. L. , Liu Zhantao , Minafra Nicolo , Tsuji Fumika , Sakuda Atsushi , Schlem Roman , Xiong Shan , Zhang Zhenggang , Adelhelm Philipp , Chen Hailong , Hayashi Akitoshi , Jung Yoon Seok , Lotsch Bettina , Roling Bernhard , Vargas Nella , Zeier Wolfgang
Published: February 2020

Owing to highly conductive solid ionic conductors, all-solid-state batteries attract significant attention as promising next-generation energy storage devices. A lot of research is invested in the search and optimization of solid electrolytes with higher ionic conductivity. However, a systematic study of an interlaboratory reproducibility of measured ionic conductivities and activation energies is missing, making the comparison of absolute values in literature challenging. In this study, we perform an uncertainty evaluation via a Round Robin approach using different Li-argyrodites exhibiting orders of magnitude different ionic conductivities as reference materials. Identical samples are distributed to different research laboratories and the conductivities and activation barriers are measured by impedance spectroscopy. The results show large ranges of up to 4.5 mScm-1 in the measured total ionic conductivity (1.3 – 5.8 mScm-1 for the highest conducting sample, relative standard deviation 35 – 50% across all samples) and up to 128 meV for the activation barriers (198 – 326 meV, relative standard deviation 5 – 15%, across all samples), presenting the necessity of a more rigorous methodology including further collaborations within the community and multiplicate measurements.
Evolution of Metastable Structures in Bimetallic Catalysts from Microscopy and Machine-Learning Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Lim Jin Soo , Vandermause Jonathan , van Spronsen Matthijs A. , Musaelian Albert , O’Connor Christopher R. , Egle Tobias , Xie Yu , Sun Lixin , Molinari Nicola , Florian Jacob , Duanmu Kaining , Madix Robert J. , Sautet Philippe , Friend Cynthia M. , Kozinsky Boris
Published: February 2020

Restructuring of interface plays a crucial role in materials science and heterogeneous catalysis. Bimetallic systems, in particular, often adopt very different composition and morphology at surfaces compared to the bulk. For the first time, we reveal a detailed atomistic picture of the long-timescale restructuring of Pd deposited on Ag, using microscopy, spectroscopy, and novel simulation methods. Encapsulation of Pd by Ag always precedes layer-by-layer dissolution of Pd, resulting in significant Ag migration out of the surface and extensive vacancy pits. These metastable structures are of vital catalytic importance, as Ag-encapsulated Pd remains much more accessible to reactants than bulk-dissolved Pd. The underlying mechanisms are uncovered by performing fast and large-scale machine-learning molecular dynamics, followed by our newly developed method for complete characterization of atomic surface restructuring events. Our approach is broadly applicable to other multimetallic systems of interest and enables the previously impractical mechanistic investigation of restructuring dynamics.
Deep Learning of Activation Energies
Authors: Grambow Colin , Pattanaik Lagnajit , Green William H.
Published: February 2020

Quantitative prediction of reaction properties, such as activation energy, have been limited due to a lack of available training data. Such predictions would be useful for computer-assisted reaction mechanism generation and organic synthesis planning. We develop a template-free deep learning model to predict activation energy given reactant and product graphs and train the model on a new, diverse data set of gas-phase quantum chemistry reactions. We demonstrate that our model achieves accurate predictions and agrees with an intuitive understanding of chemical reactivity. With the continued generation of quantitative chemical reaction data and development of methods that leverage such data, we expect many more methods for reactivity prediction to become available in the near future.
Scope of 3D Shape-Based Approaches in Predicting the Macromolecular Targets of Structurally Complex Small Molecules Including Natural Products and Macrocyclic Ligands
Authors: Chen Ya , Mathai Neann , Kirchmair Johannes
Published: February 2020

A plethora of similarity-based, network-based, machine learning and docking approaches for predicting the macromolecular targets of small molecules are available today and recognized as valuable tools for providing guidance in early drug discovery. With the increasing maturity of target prediction methods, researchers have started to explore ways to expand their scope to more challenging molecules such as structurally complex natural products and macrocyclic small molecules. In this work we systematically explore the capacity of an alignment-based approach to identify the targets of structurally complex small molecules (including large and flexible natural products and macrocyclic compounds) based on the similarity of their 3D molecular shape to non-complex molecules (i.e. more conventional, "drug-like", synthetic compounds). For this analysis, query sets of ten representative, structurally complex molecules were compiled for each of 35 pharmaceutically relevant proteins. Subsequently, ROCS, a leading shape-based screening engine, was utilized to generate rank-ordered lists of the potential targets of the 35x10 queries according to the similarity of their 3D molecular shape with that of compounds from a knowledge base of 272 640 non-complex small molecules active on a total of 3642 different proteins. Four of the scores implemented in ROCS were explored for target ranking, with the TanimotoCombo score consistently outperforming all others. The score successfully recovered the targets of 29% and 40% of the 350 queries among the top-5 and top-20 positions, respectively. For 29 out of the 35 investigated targets (83%), the method correctly assigned the first rank (out of 3642) to the target of interest for at least one of the ten queries. The shape-based target prediction approach showed remarkable robustness, with good success rates obtained even for compounds that are clearly distinct from any of the ligands present in the knowledge base. However, complex natural products and macrocyclic compounds proved to be challenging even with this approach, although cases of complete failure were recorded only for a small number of targets.
Selective Binding of a Lower Lysine Methylation State: An N,N-Dimethyllysine Selective Host Molecule and Its Use in Methyl Proteomics
Authors: Shaurya Alok , Garnett Graham A. E. , Starke Melissa J. , Grasdal Mark C. , Dewar Charlotte C. , Dheri Aman K. , Thomson Euan L.S. , Hof Fraser
Published: February 2020

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are critical controllers of protein functions. One set of important PTMs are N-methylated side chains of lysine and arginine, which exist in several functionally distinct forms. Multiple groups have demonstrated the selective binding of the most hydrophobic family member, trimethyllysine (Kme3), using various macrocyclic hosts, but the selective binding of lower methylation states remains challenging. Herein we report that a new calixarene modification – the installation of a sulfonate ester at the lower rim of p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene —efficiently generates a N,N-dimethyllysine (Kme2)-selective host. We characterize its binding behaviors in solution, and demonstrate its effectiveness in a pan-methyllysine enrichment step that enables the observation of hundreds of otherwise unobservable methylation marks in global proteomics experiments.The submission includes a manuscript preprint, supporting information, and a tabulation of proteomics data.
Sequence Isomerism in Uniform Polyphosphoesters Programmes Self-Assembly and Folding
Authors: Appukutti Nadeema , Jones Joseph , Serpell Christopher
Published: February 2020

Non-natural sequence-defined polymers have the potential to recapitulate the unique structures and functions of proteins. To achieve this goal requires not only high-efficiency synthesis platforms, but also an understanding of the relationship between sequence and folding/self-assembly. In a step towards that goal, we have here exploited the high-yielding solid phase phosphoramidite synthesis commonly used to make DNA, and generated two sequence-isomeric polymers which display sequence-programmed folding and self-assembly. These findings open up possibilities for more sophisticated sequence/structure relationships using the same synthetic platform.
Pengamanan Data File Teks (Word) Menggunakan Algoritma RC4
Authors: Saragi Dedy Ronald , Gultom Janter Manuel , Tampubolon Jose Andreas , Gunawan Indra
Published: February 2020

Data security on computers can provide a protection for our data. Cryptographic techniques are very important techniques in securing data. Cryptography is the science of encryption techniques where the "original text" (plaintext) is encrypted using an encryption key into "random text that is difficult to read" (ciphertext) by someone who does not have a decryption key, one of the modern cryptographic methods developed is the RC4 algorithm. RC4 algorithm (Ron’s Code / Rivest’s Cipher) is one algorithm that can be used to encrypt data so that the original data can only be read by someone who has the encryption key.
Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Pemilihan Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) Berdasarkan Kualitas Untuk Menentukan Tempat Kerja Menggunakan Metode Profile Matching (Studi Kasus: PT Adila Prezkifarindo Duta)
Authors: Gulo Dasarius
Published: February 2020

In the process of selecting Indonesian Workers (TKI) based on quality at PT. Adila Prezkifarindo Duta is classified as still manual, where there is not yet a system for selecting quality migrant workers so it requires a long time for its assessment and the selection process is less effective. To support decision making in the selection of qualified Indonesian Workers (TKI) to make it easier by using a decision support system. One method used in the selection of qualified Indonesian Workers is the Profile Matching method. The profile matching method is a decision-making mechanism by assuming that there is an ideal level of predictor variables that must be met by applicants, rather than the minimum level that must be met or passed. In the profile matching process a process will be compared between individual competencies into standard competencies so that different competencies can be identified (also called Gap). The smaller the gap produced, the greater the weight value. In matching this profile, the selected TKI candidates are Indonesian Workers who are closest to the ideal profile of a qualified TKI.
Implementasi Packet Filtering Menggunakan Metode Extended Access Control List (ACL) Pada Protokol EIGRP
Authors: Hafizhan Muhammad , Wahyuddin Moh Iwan , Komalasari Ratih Titi
Published: February 2020

Maintaining security aspects is important for managing network performance so that it can provide optimal services for its users. The difficulty of managing data transmission on a local network (LAN) between two or more divisions, without disrupting data traffic on other divisions, is a major problem for companies. One effort that can be done is to implement an extended access list which is one part of the Access Control List (ACL) method. The extended ACL will be used as packet filtering for each workspace, such as the employee workspace and the manager's workspace. ACL will later run on the EIGRP protocol. the EIGRP protocol will be tested with delay parameters, and the results obtained that by applying the ACL method on EIGRP can provide the availability of networks that have smaller delays with an average of 90.4 ms.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Buah Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) Pada Kadar Kolesterol Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Hiperkolesterolemia
Authors: Fatimah Siti , Arisandi Desto , Sismawati Sismawati
Published: February 2020

Penyebab Penyakit jantung koroner (PJK) adalah peningkatan kadar kolesterol di dalam darah, sehingga berisiko terjadi penyumbatan pada pembuluh darah (aterosklerosis). Kolesterol LDL yang banyak terdapat di dalam aliran darah akan tertimbun di dalam pembuluh darah arteri dan berpotensi mengakibatkan penyumbatan. Ekstrak buah sirsak mengandung senyawa antioksidan seperti alkaloid, tannin, saponin, flavonoid dan polifenol yang sangat dibutuhkan untuk meningkatkan daya tahan tubuh dan mencegah berbagai penyakit yang masuk ke dalam tubuh. Telah  dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol buah Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.) pada Kolesterol Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) tikus putih (Rattus Norvegicus) hiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian ini  dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan 10 ekor tikus putih jantan  (Rattus Novergicus, L.), berumur 2-3 bulan dengan berat 150-200 g, yang dibagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu  kelompok  kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan. Induksi hiperkolesterolemia dilakukan dengan pemberian makanan diet lemak tinggi selama 7 hari. Ekstrak etanol buah sirsak diberikan secara sonde pada kelompok perlakuan  dengan dosis 3,6 mg/200gBB/hari selama 14 hari dan pengukuran kadar kolesterol  LDL dilakukan pada hari ke 16 dan 30 dengan metode pemeriksaan CHOD-PAP. Data dianalisis dengan uji Paired t-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar kolesterol LDL pada kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan sebanyak 5 tikus mengalami penurunan, rerata penurunan sebesar 32,49 mg/dl sedangkan pada kelompok kontrol sebanyak 2 tikus mengalami penurunan, rerata penurunan sebesar 0,76 mg/dl. Ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0.05) pada perubahan kadar kolesterol LDL  pada kelompok perlakuan. Pemberian ekstrak buah sirsak dengan 3,6 mg/200gBB/hari selama 14 hari dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol LDL tikus hiperkolesterolemia.
Single pixel scanning based millimeter wave imaging
Authors: SEDIQI Ziaoulrahman , ŞAHİN Asaf Behzat
Published: February 2020

A food processing line is comparatively vulnerable to contaminants, whether through inattentive workers and employees or from the processing machines made largely out of steel or from raw materials that are contaminated themselves. Any of these risks can affect quality resulting in poor hygiene or even can put customer health in danger. Millimeter-wave imaging plays a significant role in many fields such as security inspection and medical diagnostics. Moreover, millimeter wave instruments are useful in detecting objects behind and inside visibly opaque barriers such as, concrete walls and plastic boxes. We describe a millimeter wave imaging system that uses a one-dimensional detector in combination with a single pixel mask in order to acquire two-dimensional images out of buried objects inside a bread. Our system can be used to detect metals and salty substances for bread quality control and defect detection. The system uses 60 GHz center frequency to image the target in transmission mode which utilizes a heterodyne sub-harmonic receiver placed in a bi-static configuration
قصائد المعارضات-دراسة فنية البردة ونهج البردة أنموذجا
Authors: حمادي اسماعيل خلباص
Published: February 2020

قصائد المعارضات

دراسة فنية البردة ونهج البردة أنموذجا
بيان المصير وسياسة التوسع الإقليمي الأمريكي (1845-1892 )
Authors: خوير مطرود علي
Published: February 2020

بيان المصير وسياسة التوسع الإقليمي الأمريكي (1845-1892 )
المقدس الشخصي عند العرب قبل الإسلام
Authors: عبود سمار سعد
Published: February 2020

المقدس الشخصي عند العرب قبل الإسلام
تأثير التغيرات المناخية في اتجاهات الرطوبة النسبية في العراق
Authors: عبد الوهاب كاظم
Published: February 2020

تأثير التغيرات المناخية في اتجاهات الرطوبة النسبية في العراق
المعجمُ العربي ُّ بين الاقتصاد والإفراط
Authors: حسن علي
Published: February 2020

المعجمُ العربي  ُّ بين الاقتصاد والإفراط
(دلالة التعريف والتنكير في القران الكريم (ايات التعصب والعناد انموذجاً
Authors: علي القريشي عزيز سليم , حمزة عباس يونس
Published: February 2020

التعريف والتنكير من الظواهر البارزة في اللغة العربية، والمميزة لها، وهما مشاركان في بناء الجملة، من الناحية التركيبية والدلالية، فالمعرفة لها دلالة معينة، كذلك النكرة، لها دلالتها الخاصة بها، فليس من الصدفة أن يُعرّف الاسم أو يُنكّر .

وتناول النحويون ظاهرة المعرفةَ والنكرةَ في كتبهم ودراساتهم، وذكروا أقْسام المعارف، كالضّمير، والعلم، والاسم الموصول، واسم الإشارة، والمُعرّف بـ (أل)، وغيرها، وكان حديثُهم من الناحية الإعرابية المحضة، أمّا علماء البلاغة؛ فقد تناولوا هذه الظاهرة من زاوية أُخرى، فتحدّثوا في أغراض التعريفِ، سواء أكان هذا التعريفُ بالضمير أم بغيرِهِ، وتحدّثوا في دواعي التنكير، وهم حينما يذكرون بعض الأغراض والدواعي؛ فإنما يفتحون بذلك الباب للغوص في الكلام البليغ، فيُلتقطُ منه الدُرر، وتدرك بعض الدواعي التي لم تذكر؛ لتُستخرج بالحسّ والذهن والذوق (1)

تناول سيبويه ظاهرة التعريف والتنكير، وقال: "واعلم أنّ النكرة أخفُّ عليهم من المعرفة، وهي أشّدُّ تمكّناً؛ لأن النكرة أوّل، ثمّ يدخل عليها ما تُعرّف به، فمن ثَمّ أكثرُ الكلام ينصرفُ إلى النكرة"(2)، أي أنّ النكرة تأتي أوّلاً، ثم تأتي المعرفة بعدها .

وبحثَ الجرجاني مسألة التعريف والتنكير، ويكادُ أن يعدّ المخاطب الركيزة الأساسية فيهما، وإن كان هذا لا ينفي وجود المتكلم في الصياغة باعتبار المتكلّم هو المصدر والخالق(3) .

ويُعدّ (التعريف والتنكير) "من أدوات الدلالة على المعاني، فكلاهما يدل على معين، إلا انّ الفرق بينهما، أنّ النكرة يفهم منها ذات المعين فقط، ولا يفهم منها كونه معلوما للسامع؛ لأن النكرة بمفردها تدل على الإطلاق، وأما المعرفة فيفهم منها ذات المعين ويفهم منها كونه معلوما للسامع لدلالة اللفظ على التعيين"(4) .
التطورات السياسية الداخلية في سنغافورة 1945 – 1959 والموقف البريطاني منها
Authors: حاتم الفهد ماهر جاسب
Published: February 2020

يتناول هذا البحث التطورات السياسية الداخلية في سنغافورة 1945 – 1959، إذ شهدت سنغافورة خلال هذه المدة تحولات سياسية مهمة، كان لها أثرٌ بالغٌ في تحقيق حكمها الذاتي في عام 1959 وتخلصها جزئياً من سيطرة الاستعمار البريطاني . إذ شهدت هذه المرحلة تعاون واضح بين معظم الشخصيات والنخب السنغافورية من جهة والسلطات البريطانية من جهة أخرى تجاه معظم المشاريع والخطوات السياسية المُتبعة في سنغافورة، ولم يقف ضدها إلا بعض العناصر اليسارية ( وخاصة الشيوعية ) .

أسفر هذا التعاون عن تقدم تدريجي في المكانة السياسية والدستورية لسنغافورة، حتى تحولت من مستعمرة تُدار بصورة مباشرة من الحاكم البريطاني العام إلى دولة تتمتع بالحكم الذاتي يشرف عليها رئيس وزراء سنغافوري تسنده جمعية تشريعية مُنتخبة من الشعب السنغافوري .

وهذا التعاون بين الجانبين، كان له أيضاً أثرٌ واضحٌ على مسار الوضع السياسي في سنغافورة، إذ سجل ولأول مرة في تاريخ سنغافورة ظهور الأحزاب السياسية لاحتواء الجماهير وتنظيمها، واهم هذه الأحزاب هي الإتحاد الديمقراطي المالاوي والحزب التقدمي وجبهة العمل وحزب العمل الشعبي وأخذت بالتصاعد حتى وصل عددها في انتخابات 1959 إلى ثلاثة عشر حزباً، وأثمر هذا التعاون كذلك عن كتابة أول دستور في البلاد، مرت عملية صياغته بعدد من المراحل، ثم أُطر بشكله النهائي في عام 1958، وشهدت هذه المرحلة من تاريخ سنغافورة، تأسيس أول جمعية تشريعية وطنية منتخبة في البلاد، تنافست فيها الأحزاب السياسية، وتسابق رجالها على استلام المناصب . ومن جانب آخر كان لهذه المرحلة السياسية انعكاس على طبيعة تعامل البريطانيين معهم، إذ أجبرت الأحزاب السياسية ولاسيما الرئيسة منها ( جبهة العمل وحزب العمل الشعبي ) البريطانيين على الاستجابة لأهم مطالب الشعب السنغافوري، والتي يتصدرها الاستقلال الوطني . هذا وسجلت المدة ( 1945 – 1959 ) سيطرة للحزب التقدمي في انتخابات 1948 و 1951، ثم فوز جبهة العمل في انتخابات 1955، واكتسح حزب العمل الشعبي الجميع في انتخابات 1959 .
الإلهة آناهيتا دراسة في التطور التاريخي لعبادتها
Authors: سمار سعد\ عبود
Published: February 2020

سلطت هذه الدراسة الضوء عن الإلهة آناهيتا ، إلهة المياه والخصب الإيرانية القديمة، في ضوء نصوص كتاب (أفستا)، فتطرقنا إلى تسميتها وأصل عبادتها، وبيَّنا المعنى الإجمالي لتسمَّيتها بصيغها المُختلفة، ودلالة هذه التسمية، وبواعث هذا الاختلاف. وتناولنا أصول عبادتها، وقَدَّمَت عرضاً تاريخياً لتطور عبادتِها في العصور الإيرانية القديمة (الميدي، والأخميني، والسلوقي، والفرثي، والساساني)، واستعرضت الدراسة أهمَّ معابدها.
ستراتيجية النسيان - مراجعة نقدية لأقصاء المرأة فلسفيا -
Authors: الزيدي باقر ابراهيم
Published: February 2020

يحاول البحث ان يقدم اجابة عن السر وراء غياب المرأة عن تاريخ الفلسفة  حضورا ومشاركة ، واقصد بتاريخ الفلسفة هذه المدونات الكبيرة التي تؤرخ للفلسفة في مختلف عصورها ومراحلها ،وليس البحث عن لماذا غابت المرأة فعليا عن النشاط الفلسفي ، لان هذا وهم كبير اذ يبين البحث ويكشف عن مشاركة واسعة وجدية للمرأة في مختلف حقول الفلسفة ، وان السر يكمن في ان هناك ستراتيجية تواضع عليها الرجال من الفلاسفة او من مدوني تاريخها على استبعاد النساء ،انه تحيز رجولي محض يكشف عن آلية للهيمنة والسيطرة ا كثر مما يدين للموضوعية وشروط البحث العلمي  .
أفعال التذكُّر وانتهاكات السلطة في الرواية العراقية
Authors: عبيد ناهضة ستار , محمد رنا فورمان
Published: February 2020

يتناول البحث نوعين من العلاقة مع الذاكرة ممثلة بعلاقة المجتمع مع الذاكرة من ناحية ، وعلاقة القوة بالذاكرة من ناحية أخرى. وقد تم ذلك من خلال الوقوف في فعل التذكر الذي تبنته السلطة كوسيلة لخدمة مصالحها
العــنـف السياســي (دراسة نفسية)
Authors: الحصناوي سعد عبد الزهرة , بريسم علي عبد الحسين
Published: February 2020

تقدم الدراسة بعض المعلومات الهامة حول موضوع من أهم موضوعات علم النفس السياسي حيث تمكن هذه المعلومات من تقديم صورة واضحة ومبسطة للقارئ في مجال علم النفس السياسي وتجعله يلم بهذا الموضوع وتفاصيله فضلاً عن الاستفادة من المعلومات في تقديم تصور بسيط عن العنف السياسي في العراق من حيث الأسباب و سبل المعالجة ، حيث تضمنت الدراسة المحاور الآتية :

المحور الأول : ( التعريف بالعنف السياسي) ويتضمن :

مقدمة

تعريف العنف السياسي ، حركة واتجاه العنف السياسي ، اشكال العنف السياسي

المحور الثاني : (التمييز بين العنف السياسي وبعض المفاهيم ) مثل :

العنف السياسي والإرهاب السياسي

العنف السياسي والصراع السياسي

العنف السياسي وعدم الاستقرار السياسي

المحور الثالث : (تفسير العنف السياسي)، وقد تضمن مجموعة من النظريات مثل :

نظرية ثقافة العنف

نظرية الحرمان النفسي

نظرية الصراع المتعلق بتوازن القوى

نظرية القوة الكامنة خلف العنف السياسي

نظرية الاختيار العقلاني

المحور الرابع : (العنف السياسي في العراق وسبل علاجه) ، ويقدم هذا المحور رؤية الباحث حول العنف السياسي في العراق وسبل علاجه في ضوء ما طرح و ما يمكن استنتاجه من الأفكار التي طرحت في المحاور السابقة .
مشاهد الصراع في لوحة الصيد في الشعر الجاهلي
Authors: عبيد الشمري عبد علي
Published: February 2020

مشاهد الصراع في لوحة الصيد

في الشعر الجاهلي
فاعلية استخدام الوسائل المتعددة بالحاسوب على تحصيل الطالبات لمادة الفيزياء واتجاهاتهن نحو استخدام الحاسوب في التعلم والتعليم
Authors: ابراهيم الباوي ماجدة
Published: February 2020

فاعلية استخدام الوسائل المتعددة بالحاسوب على تحصيل الطالبات لمادة الفيزياء واتجاهاتهن نحو استخدام الحاسوب في التعلم والتعليم
محمد بن القاسم العـلـــوي الصـــــوفي
Authors: علي عبد زينب
Published: February 2020

محمد بن القاسم العـلـــوي الصـــــوفي
دور الدين الاسلامي في حياة الناس والنظام الاجتماعي (منهجية الجودة الشاملة من منظور إسلامي نموذجاً)
Authors: الفكيكي علي فرحان عبدالله
Published: February 2020

إن المنظور الإسلامي أوسع وأشمل من مجرد أن يقتصر في تعليماته ورؤيته على علاقة وقتية قصيرة,وإذا كانت المراجع العلمية وآراء الخبراء والباحثين تضع قواعد وإرشادات ونصائح وأساليب وفنون يمكن من خلالها تقديم خدمة متميزة إلى للناس أثناء العمل، فإن الإسلام يضع مبادئ وأسس يتم إتباعها من قبل المسلمين في كل وأقوالهم وإعمالهم داخل وخارج العمل, وفي السر والعلانية، وفي جميع جوانب حياتهم. وتكون هذه الأعمال عالية الجودة، لأننا مراقبون من الله عز وجل في كافة أعمالنا الظاهرة والباطنة. فهو منهج يتميز بخصائص معينة لا تتميز بها المناهج الأخرى، مما جعله أفضل المناهج, وإذا كان الخبراء الغربيون قد وضعوا معايير يُقاس بها الأداء، ويتحقق بها توافر الجودة اللازمة، فإن الإسلام قد سبقهم في وضع المبادئ، ونظم علاقة الإنسان بأخيه الإنسان على أحسن ما يكون. فإن الإسلام هو دين الله عز وجل الذي ارتضاه لعباده، ليكون فيه صلاح البشرية في الدنيا والآخرة. ولقد أحتوى الإسلام على كل ما من شأنه أن تسود المحبة والتسامح والتعاون بين أفراد المجتمع. ولقد احتوى القرآن الكريم والسنة النبوية الطاهرة  تعاليم ربانية لو أحسن المسلم فهمها، وقام بتطبيقها، لتحقق له التميز في عملية تقديمه للخدمة وتعامله مع الناس. ولقد حث الإسلام على الاتقان والاحسان والعمل الجماعي في جميع الأوقات، ولم يربط ذلك بوقت معين أو انتظار تحقيق منفعة، وهذا ما يميز الشريعة الإسلامية وبأنها صالحة لكل زمان ومكان. وإذا رجعنا إلى كتاب الله وسنة نبيه (صلى الله عليه واله وسلم) نجد أن هناك العديد من الآيات القرآنية التي تدعو لحسن المعاملة وإتقان العمل، كما في قوله تعالى: }صُنْعَ اللَّهِ الَّذِي أَتْقَنَ كُلَّ شَيْءٍ {. (النمل, الاية: 88). وذلك منذ مئات الاعوام. وتحفل السنة النبوية بالعديد من الأحاديث الشريفة التي تدعو إلى إتقان العمل، منها قول رسول (الله صلى الله عليه واله وسلم): إن الله تعالى يحب إذاعمل أحدكم عملا أن يتقنه . وعنه صلى الله عليه وآله: إن الله تعالى يحب من العامل إذا عمل أن يحسن. (الريشهري,محمد, 1995,ج3, 2132)

 وهنا الدعوة إلى إتقان الإنسان المسلم لعمله وتأديته على أكمل وجه في المجالات التي أحلها الله سبحانه وتعالى. اذ ان دور الدين الاسلامي في حياة الناس والنظام الاجتماعي المتمثل بالنموذج الإداري الإسلامي للجودة الشاملة فى حياة الناس والمجتمعات الإسلامية فهو الأكثر فعالية لانه أكثر شمولية من المبادئ الإدارية الغربية الحديثة في مجال ادارة الجودة الشاملة. لان النظم التي وضعها البشر تدعو إلى تقديم خدمة مميزة للناس من منطلق مادي بحت، وهو تحقيق الربح وكسب ثقة الزبائن، فإن الإسلام دين رباني يجعل من إتقان العمل وحسن المعاملة من صلب هذا الدين، وهذه العمل نوع من أنواع العبادات، والمسلم لا يسعى إلى الإجادة والتميز من أجل الربح المادي أو المراتب والمكافآت فقط، بل يسعى إلى ذلك طلبا لرضا الله وثوابه.
Levels of Heavy Metals in Banana, Cocoa and Oil Palm Farming Systems in Cameroon
Authors: Jetro Nkengafac Njukeng , Kratz Sylvia , Schnug Ewald
Published: February 2020

The potential accumulation of heavy metals in soils due to rapid urban and industrial development, and increasing reliance on agrochemicals in the last several decades has been of public concern. Excessive heavy metal accumulation in soils may not only result in environmental contamination, but excessive heavy metal uptake by crops may affect food quality and safety. The heavy metal concentrations of soils in banana, cocoa and oil palm farming systems in Fako Division of the South West Region of Cameroon were studied. For soil quality assessment, soil samples were collected at two depths: 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm and analyzed for seven heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES). Cd levels in these soils were below the limits of detection (LOD) at both depths. Average contents of Cd, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in mg/kg ranged in the order: Cd (< LOD) < Pb (10.7 -17.1) < Cu (59.7-112.7) < Ni (100.2 -174.5) < Zn (129.7-180.4) < Cr (192.7-685.3) < Mn (2731.5-5053.5) for both depths. The soils were all acidic (pH; 4.2-5.5). There were significant variations (p≤0.05) in Cu, Cr, Mn and Zn concentrations within  different farming system(s). The soils of the studied farming systems had heavy metal levels within the allowable limits for agriculture. However, the levels of Cu, Cr and Ni were higher in some samples. Although these soils are considered to be unpolluted, care should be taken to avoid high concentrations of heavy metals.
Direct Method for the Determination of Coefficients of Characteristic Equation of a MDOF System
Authors: Luintel Mahesh Chandra
Published: February 2020

Dynamic response of any single degree of freedom (SDOF) vibratory system is studied by evaluating its natural frequencies whereas that of any multi degree of freedom (MDOF) vibratory system is studied by evaluating its natural frequencies and corresponding mode shapes. Efficient method to determine the natural frequencies and mode shape of a MDOF system is to determine its dynamic matrix and to calculate its eigen-values and eigen-vectors. As the number of degree of freedom (DOF) of the system increases, the size of the dynamic matrix increases and the use of a computer program or package become essential. Hence this paper proposes a new method to directly calculate the coefficients of characteristic equation of any degree of freedom system from which eigen-values and then natural frequencies can be determined.
An Approach to Detect Image Forgery by Discrete Wavelet Decomposition
Authors: Pant Dibakar Raj
Published: February 2020

Image forgery or manipulation by using the multimedia technology is becoming a challenging issue. The most common type of image forgery is copy-move forgery where some part of one image is copied and spliced in the other image. In this article, first the images in RGB color space is converted into YCbCr color space and the four-level discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is implemented to detect image forgery. The output of the DWT is further processed by using the image gradient technique for the edge detection of spliced objects. Morphological operation and Wiener filtering are applied for locating the tempered region in the forged image. Sensitivity, specificity and accuracy calculated for spliced images of CASIA datasets are obtained 89%, 86% and 88% respectively.
Effect of Agro Waste Particles on the Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Unsaturated Polyester Resin Matrix Composites
Authors: Durowaye Stephen , Sekunowo Olatunde , Kuforiji Catherine , Nwafor Chiemelie , Ekwueme Chidiebere
Published: February 2020

The efficacy of reinforcement of polyester resin matrix composites with agro waste particles to effect improvement on the disadvantage of low mechanical properties for optimal performance was studied. 5-25 wt. % of coconut shell, periwinkle shell, and cow bone particles were applied in reinforcing unsaturated polyester resin matrix by mould casting and the microstructural and mechanical characteristics of the composites were evaluated. There was uniform distribution of the agro waste particles in the polymer composites matrix from the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) result. The hybrid composite at 15 wt. % reinforcement demonstrated the highest mechanical properties in terms of ultimate tensile strength (66.73 MPa), flexural strength (76.76 MPa), hardness (87.76 BHN), and impact energy (23.16 J). This shows the efficacy of hybridisation and the high potential of the composite for wider applications.
नेपालमा इन्जिनियरिङ् शिक्षा प्रदान गर्ने विश्वविद्यालय र अपाङ्गता Nepalma Engineering Shikshya Pradan Garne University ra Apangata
Authors: श्रेष्ठ Shrestha न्हूछेनारायण Nhuchhenarayan
Published: February 2020

विश्व एक्काइसौ शताब्दीमा प्रवेश गरे संगै शिक्षामा पनि आमूल परिवर्तन गर्दै प्राविधिक शिक्षा र व्यावहारिक शिक्षालाई समय सापेक्ष परिवर्तन गर्दै देश सुहाउंदो, देशको लागि आवश्यक पर्ने दक्ष, प्राविधिक जनशक्ति उत्पादन गर्ने मूल ध्येय नेपालमा खोलीएका ६ वटा विश्वविद्यालयको कांधमा रहेको छ । नेपालमा खोलीएका प्राविधिक बिषय अध्ययन अध्यापन हुने विश्वविद्यालयहरु विश्व प्रतिष्पर्धी, समय सुहाउंदो हुनु आवश्यक रहेको छ । नेपालको संविधान २०७२ अनुसार नेपालमा अपांगता भएका हरुलाई उचित रुपमा शिक्षा प्रदानका लागि राज्यलेनै महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निर्वाह गर्नुपर्दछ । अहिलेको युग भनेको सूचना र प्रविधिको युग हो । अहिलेको वर्तमान समयमा बिज्ञान तथा प्रबिधी अन्तरगतको इन्जिनियरिङ शिक्षाको महत्व नेपालमा मात्र नभई विश्वमानै उच्च रहेको छ । अहिले पनि दक्ष र क्षमतावान प्राविधीकहरुको माग संसार भरीनै बढेको तथ्याङ्कहरुबाट देख्न सकिन्छ । भौगोलिक रुपमा अविकसित राष्ट्र नेपालमा अहिले सम्म पनि गुणस्तरिय प्राबिधिकहरुको निकैनै खांचो देखिन्छ । भुकम्पले ध्वस्त भएका पुराना संरचनाको पुनःनिर्माण र नयां संरचनाको बिकास, जलस्रोतको धनि साथै सूचना तथा प्रबिधिमा खासै फड्को मार्न नसकेको अवस्थामा नयाँ संविधान मार्फत देशको राजनीतिक तथा भौगोलिक परिवर्तन संगै देशमा प्राबिधीक दक्ष जनशक्तिको आवश्यकता बढ्दै गएको र नेपाल सरकारको समृद्घि र विकासलाई सार्थक तुल्याउन समेत प्राविधिकहरुको ठूलो हात रहेको हुन्छ । नेपालको संविधानले अपांगता भएकाहरुलाई समानताको, शिक्षा सम्बन्धी मौलीक हकको ब्यबस्था गरेको छ र ती प्रावधानहरु कार्यान्वयन गर्नु सबैको कर्तव्य पनि हो । नेपालमा अपांगमैत्री भौतीक संरचनाहरु निर्माणका लागि पाठ्यपुस्तकमै समावेश गर्नुपर्ने र व्यवहारमा समेत लागु गर्दै जानुपर्ने टड्कारो आवश्यकता रहेको छ अतः प्राविधिक बिषय अध्ययन अध्यापन गराउने विश्वविद्यालयहरुले इन्जिनियरिङ् शिक्षा सहजरुपमा प्रदान गर्नका लागि अपांगता भएकाहरुलाई भौतीक संरचना लगायत पाठ्यपुस्तक निर्माण गरी कार्यान्वयनमा ल्याउनु अपरिहार्य रहेको छ ।
Species diversity, distribution and status of fishes in Chitwan district and adjacent areas, Nepal
Authors: Jha Dilip Kumar
Published: February 2020

Chitwan district is endowed with varied aquatic resources which harbor diverse fish species in central Nepal. A total of 111 fish species were collected from different sampling sites of several tributaries of Trisuli, Rapti and Narayani river systems in Chitwan district and adjacent areas from August 2011 to July 2016. These species belong to 9 orders, 27 families and 72genera. Among the orders, Cypriniformes had the highest number of species (49%) followed by Siluriformes (30%), Perciformes (12%), Synbranchiformes (3%), Osteoglossiformes (2%) while Anguiliformes, Beloniformes, Clupeiformes and Tetraodontiformes represented each by about 1%. Cyprinidae has the highest number of species (40%) among the families followed by Sisoridae (12%), Bagridae (7%), Cobitidae (5.4%), Schilbeidae (4.5%), Channidae (3.6%), Balitoridae (2.7%), Mastacembelidae (2.7%), Siluridae (2.7%), Notopteridae (1.8%), Ambassidae (1.8%), Nandidae (1.8%) and Mugilidae (1.8%). Other families accounted forabout 1% were Anguillidae, Belonidae, Clupeidae, Psilorhynchidae, Anabantidae, Gobiidae, Belontidae, Synbranchidae, Amblycipitidae, Pangasidae, Clariidae, Heteropneustidae, Chacidae and Tetraodontidae. The Botia geto was reported for the first time from Rapti river of Chitwan and adjacent area. Different fish species are naturally maintained in aquatic systems and support livelihoods of the people. Catches of major food fishes are declining due to overexploitation of resources, therefore, appropriate measures are needed at once to maintain and conserve the indigenous stock.
Physico-chemical parameters of Itahari sub-metropolitan fish pond, Nepal
Authors: Thapa Ganesh Bahadur , Pal Joydeb
Published: February 2020

Itahari Sub-metropolitan pond is located in the centre of the city. Influence of variations in physico-chemical parameters on aquatic flora and fauna especially in fishes brought strong stress on fishes and increases the incidence of diseases leading to high mortality. Due to lack of adequate knowledge about it, productivity of ponds is very low. In the present study, maximum and minimum variations and correlation between different physico-chemical parameters - air temperature, water temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved carbon dioxide, ammonia, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, chloride, total alkalinity, total hardness and phosphate were taken into consideration. The water quality of fish ponds were normal except high fluctuation of chloride 4.0 - 44.87mg/l and ammonia 0.48-13.6 mg/l during manuaring period and casual addition of wastes like toilet cleaners, caustic potash etc.. Due to sudden fall in DO less than 4 mg/l during April and May, 2014 and increment of ammonia after addition of toilet wastes in Sept.19, 2015 ; mass mortality of fishes Labeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala, Hypothalamichthys molitrix, Aristichthysnobilis occurred in the study site.
Ant diversity in Muhan Pokhari area of Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park, Nepal
Authors: Neupane Prashant , Subedi Indra Prasad
Published: February 2020

Ant diversity was studied in Muhan Pokhari area of Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park (SNNP)at 1,700 m to 1,900 m asl during winter and summer seasons of 2017. Ants were collected using pitfall traps, leaf litter sampling, bait and hand collection methods along a transect of50 m in each of all 5 sites (1,700 m, 1,750 m, 1,800 m, 1,850 m and 1,900 m). Altogether 817individual ants were collected representing 5 sub-families, 16 genera and 23 morpho species. Formicinae (57.67%) was the most abundant sub-family, followed by Myrmicinae (40.39%), Pseudomyrmicinae (0.8%), Ponerinae (0.73%) and Dolichoderinae (0.37%). Camponotus (437individuals) was the most abundant genus followed by Aphaenogaster (287). Species richness was higher in winter (17 morph species) than in spring (14 morph species). Shannon-Wiener diversity index (1.4618) and Evenness index (0.5539) were higher in spring season. Pitfall trap method was found most effective with highest number of individual ants (567) and of 21 species. The Shannon-Weiner diversity index was highest for pitfall method (1.3039) whereas evenness index was highest for the bait method (0.62615). Two genera Pachycondylaand Echinopla were recorded for the first time in Nepal.