bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The mentoring of livestock areas in East Nusa Tenggara
Authors: Ratnawaty S , Rubianti A , Yusriani Y , Yusuf
Published: February 2021

The aims of mentoring program are (1) farmer who want to apply new technology; (2) extension workers for field area; (3) the agricultural officer; and (4) other parties who involved in technology innovation and decision making to recommend and utilize the new technology. This study uses a farmer group-based adaptive research approach with descriptive methods and survey techniques implemented in Kupang District, North Central Timor, and Malacca in 2018. East Nusa Tenggara Assessment Institute has applied several mentoring formats for agricultural technologies, including (1) coordination, socialization, and also synchronization with local government; (2) becoming a resource person and giving the workshop; (3) the technology innovation demonstration through demonstration plot as the example of technology dissemination; (4) Becoming the initiator and facilitator for discussion; (5) the provider of dissemination material. Site-specific technological interventions are used in animal technology assistance to support beef self-sufficiency programs in East Nusa Tenggara. The result of this program makes the differences indicated by the increase in each stage of assistance. The indication of the program is a better cattle production performance compared to existing farmers. The Mentoring on livestock area in East Nusa Tenggara had been reaching eight districts, 11 sub-districts, 16 villages, and 22 farmer groups.
Habitat characteristics and population of Syzygium cumini L. in private forest and customary forest of Yogyakarta
Authors: Sudomo A
Published: February 2021

In the development of Syzygium cumini as a prospective commodity for pharmaceutical raw materials, information on habitat characteristics is required as a basis for technical suitability to land. The study aimed to determine the habitat and population characteristics of S. cuminii in the private forest and customary forest. The population of S. cumini was grown in the field condition of the private forest and the customary forest in Yogyakarta Province. The sites of the plot samples were purposively chosen in a random following the standard method. The results showed that S.cumini trees were naturally grown at hilly/mountainous soil conditions, with a thin layer of soil, lots of rocks, and less fertile soil land based on the medium N, as well as low P and K contents. The trees were grown at an altitude below 500 meters above sea level, >1,000 mm year−1 rainfall, soil clay, the temperature of 25 °C to 30 °C, and mixed with other types of trees. The population of S.cumini trees in the private forest was 417 stands ha−1, higher than that of the customary forest (288 stands ha−1). S. cumini has more potential to be secured its existence in customary forest and to be developed in private forest.
Status of soil organic carbon and its management recommendation for rice plants at four experiment stations of the Indonesian Centre for Rice Research
Authors: Widowati L R , Sasmita P , Setyorini D , Jamil A
Published: February 2021

A survey, mapping, and compilation of recommendations for paddy field had been carried out in four Experimental Station of Indonesian Center for Rice Research in 2015-2016. The objective of detailed scale nutrient status mapping (<1:5,000) was to obtain information about the different variations in the diversity of organic matter status and its management. The results showed that C-organic content of paddy soils, of the 318,44 ha of paddy fields area at Sukamandi was low for 314.37 ha or 98.72% and moderate for 4.07 ha (1.28%). Pusakanagara experimental station, with 37.50 ha of paddy fields area, had low and moderate levels of soil C-organic contents on 8.68 ha (41.75%), and 12.12 ha (58.25%) area respectively. About 20.80 ha rice field area at the Kuningan research station contained low and medium C-organic on 8.68 ha (41.75%) and 12.12 ha (58.25%) area respectively. At Muara experimental station, soil C-organic was classified as low and moderate for 8.14 ha (40.72%), and 11.86 ha (59.28%) area respectively. To increase the C-organic status of this soil, it must be carried out to return harvested straw and or apply manure from outside at least 4 t ha−1.
Polder system water management on non-tidal swamp area based on water balance analysis
Authors: Kartiwa B , Sutrisno N , Hamdani A , Nugroho W T , Muhardiono I , Harmanto  , Yani I , Roland R , Ismail I
Published: February 2021

Polder system is the key to manage floods in agricultural non-tidal swamp land. Infrastructures to support polder system integrated management include: regional drainage systems, retention ponds, dikes, pumps and/or gates. Pump requirement in an optimally managed polder system is influenced by the polder area, rainfall, soil, and hydrological characteristic. This article presents water balance models application in determining the number and operational duration of pumps to achieve effective and optimal polder function in controlling floods and inundation during the rainy season. This study was conducted in a palm-oil plantation located in lebak swamp area in Pawalutan, Banjang, Hulu Sungai Utara, during September 2016 to September 2017. Pump units and operation durations were calculated based on estimated inundation volumes depending on the water inlet and water balance. Seepage discharge was estimated using Darcy equation. Result of the recovery test measurements showed hydraulic conductivity value of 4.1x10−05 ms−1, while the estimated seepage discharge was 8.6 m3 hr−1 km−1. The pump requirement analysis indicated the need of 55 pump units with 2,500 m3 hr−1 pumping capacity to overcome inundation in the study site with 1,417 ha inundated area. These pumps were distributed into 9 zones, each with 4 to 10 units.
Comparison study of growth and yield of three soybean varieties on acid upland soil of South Lampung
Authors: Diptaningsari D , Rivaie A A
Published: February 2021

Lampung is mostly occupied by marginal acid upland soils. However, applying of suitable technology innovations could improve the soybean productivity in this marginal land. Until now, only a few field studies have been conducted on the adaptability of new soybean varieties in acid upland soils of Lampung. Therefore, present study’s objectives were to compare the agronomic performance and the yield of three soybean varieties on an acid upland soil of South Lampung. As the treatments, the three soybean varieties were Anjasmoro, Grobogan, and Dering 1. The research was set in a Completely Randomized Design with four replications. The results showed that in general, based on the agronomic performance, the Anjasmoro variety was more adaptable compared with Grobogan and Dering 1 variety. This might be related to the number of effective nodules in the rooting system of Anjasmoro variety which was higher than that of Grobogan and Dering 1 varieties. In addition, the Anjasmoro variety had the highest yield as 2.60 t ha−1 than that of the Grobogan and Dering 1 varieties as 2.33 and 1.99 t ha−1, respectively.
The use of botanical insecticide based on local resources to increase swamp rice yield in South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Sutriadi M T , Kartikawati R , Wahyuni S
Published: February 2021

The use of botanical insecticide is one of the ways to reduce the negative impact on the agricultural environment due to chemical insecticide applications. Some plants have been identified as botanical insecticide such as Azadirachta indica (Neem), Swietenia mahagoni (Mahagony), Aegle marmelos (Maja fruit), etc. This study was conducted as a part of the demonstration farm located in the swamp rice field in South Kalimantan. The objective of the study was to increase the swamp rice yield by controlling plant pests and disease based on local resources environment friendly. The plot experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three treatments and six replications and the plot size wase 1.000 m2. The treatments consisted of fully RAISA technology (T1 treatment), RAISA + IAERI botanical insecticide (T2 treatment), and RAISA + Galam botanical insecticide (T3 treatment). The result showed that the highest yield rice was produced in T2 treatment (6.5 t ha−1 unhusked dry rice), then T3 and T1 treatments were 5.5 and 5.1 t ha−1 unhusked dry rice, respectively. The highest amount of insect was found at T1 treatment, followed T2 and T3 treatments, respectively.
Effects of residual biochar amendment on soil chemical properties, nutrient uptake, crop yield and N2O emissions reduction in acidic upland rice of East Lampung
Authors: Jubaedah  , Muhtar  , Nurida N L
Published: February 2021

Previous studies have been recognized that biochar addition to poor soil may lead to improve soil and crop productivity, also reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, the results were varied and the mechanisms were not clear. Two rates of rice husk (RH) and cacao shell (CS) biochar namely 0 and 15 t ha−1 were applied to soil, to investigate the effect of RH and CS biochar on soil chemical properties, nutrient uptake, crop yield, and N2O emissions reduction on upland rice at acidic soil of East Lampung. It was residual effect study; biochar was applied only in the first planting season of 2012. In addition, N2O emissions from the soil were monitored with close chamber method. The result showed that 15 t ha−1 CS biochar treatment was the best treatment, resulted 1.21 t ha−1 yield. Meanwhile on 15 t ha−1 RH biochar treatment was only 0.22 t ha−1. However, no significance difference on both nutrient uptake and N2O emissions among the treatments. N2O emissions from RH and CS biochar treatment were reduced 26% and 21% compare to control. Our result proposed that CS biochar may use as soil amendment, to improve crop productivity and also to combat climate change.
Mitigation of pyrite oxidation impact in tidal swamp management for agriculture
Authors: Subiksa I G M , Sukristyonubowo
Published: February 2021

Reclamation of tidal swamps will increase the opportunities of pyrite oxidation which causes severe acidification. Pyrite oxidation occurs due to over drained and pyrite exposed to oxygen. The acidification process is unavoidable; therefore, mitigation efforts needed to minimize adverse impacts. In general, mitigation efforts can be done with 2 approaches, namely preventive approach, an effort to prevent continued acidification, and curative approaches, an effort to rehabilitate degraded land. Land use planning with detailed engineering design is the first step to mitigate the effects of pyrite oxidation. Mitigation efforts for acidified soil can be using water management techniques to leach toxic elements out from the root zone. Many research results revealed that one-way flow system water management was effective to reduce toxic element. High soil acidity and toxic element can also reduce by applying soil ameliorant such as 0.5 to 2.0 t ha−1 of lime. It’s can increase soil pH, plant growth and fertilizer use efficiency. Strong acid soils also cause low nutrient status due to intensive leaching and fixation. Therefore, nutrient supply trough fertilization is needed. Finally, mitigation efforts can also be done by planting acid tolerant rice varieties that resulted from long time rice research in tidal swamps. This paper described some efforts should be done to mitigate pyrite oxidation impacts for agriculture.
Adjusting planting time using water balance and rainfall prediction approaches
Authors: Apriyana Y , Pramudia A , Koswara M R S , Misnawati
Published: February 2021

The appropriate planting time is an alternative to avoid loss yield and increase the production of food crops. The objectives of this study were to analyze water balance for adjusting the proper planting time was carried out in three locations with different rainfall patterns and groundwater capacities. The analysis was performed using the water balance approach. Input data used are rainfall prediction potential evapotranspiration and groundwater storage capacity. The results showed that the water balance analysis in Bandar Sidoras Irrigation Area with an equatorial rainfall pattern has a water surplus period of 2 to 3 months longer than the Mrican Kanan and Gadungan Lambuk Irrigation Area, which have a monsoon rainfall pattern. However, the potential cropping pattern applied in each Irrigation Area is the same, Rice-Rice-Maize/Soybean, with the first planting season in Gadungan Lambuk in earlier of May to August. In comparison, the first planting season in the other two irrigation areas is from November to February. The water balance and rainfall prediction approaches are appropriate for determining optimal growth and development of food crops.
Heavy metal pollution assessment in paddy fields and dryland in Bandung District, West Java
Authors: Sukarjo  , Zulaehah I , Handayani C O , Zu’amah H
Published: February 2021

Excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides causes the accumulation of heavy metals in intensive agricultural land. Besides, the development of industries around the agricultural area further aggravates the accumulation of heavy metals. This study aimed to assess spatial distribution of heavy metal contamination in agricultural land in Bandung District. In this study, seven concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, and Zn) in soils were analysed from 273 sampling sites in paddy and horticultural lands in Bandung Regency, Indonesia. The single pollution index (PI) and the Nemerow Integrated Pollution Index (NIPI) were calculated for each surface sample (0-20 cm) to assess the level of heavy metal pollution. Ordinary Krigging (OK) method was used to delineate the spatial distribution of heavy metals. The results show that the average values of all PIs and NIPI values are at a safe level, except for cobalt which showing slightly polluted. The analysis showed that around 3.23 and 8.76% of soil samples were slightly contaminated with cadmium and cobalt, respectively. The finding can be used as a reference for stakeholders to manage paddy fields against heavy metal contamination.
Yield and photosynthetic rate of wheat under continuously high temperature
Authors: Zubaidi A , Anugrahwati D R , McDonald G K , Gill G
Published: February 2021

In tropical regions high temperature occurs throughout wheat growth cycle and is a major factor influencing growth and yield in this area. The aim of this work is to describe the responses to continuously-high temperatures on growth, photosynthesis and yield of wheat, under controlled conditions. Nias and Dewata (Indonesian wheat varieties) and Axe and Gladius (Australian varieties) were tested in growth room experiment with temperature and photoperiod chosen to simulate conditions on Lombok Island, at lowland (32/23°C) and highland (28/20°C) sites. The third temperature (25/15°C) was selected to represent temperature in a more temperate wheat-producing area. High temperature reduced yield and dry matter accumulation which was associated with a reduction in photosynthetic rate and stomata conductance and an increase in respiration rate. The reduction in photosynthetic rate at high temperature was not only due to lower stomatal conductance but also non-stomatal effects as mesophyll conductance and quantum yield were lower. Genetic variability in response to heat stress was evident with the Indonesian varieties being more tolerant to high temperatures than Australian varieties. Nias and Dewata produced higher yield and biomass and maintaining higher rates of photosynthesis. Maintaining high photosynthetic rate and high stomata conductance, are important characters in adapting wheat into tropical environment such as Lombok Island.
Sustainability analysis for rice and duck farming in swampy land, Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, South Kalimantan
Authors: Rohaeni E S , Mailena L , Lesmayati S , Ermuna S S
Published: February 2021

In Hulu Sungai Utara Regency, the increasing of the potential of swampy land utilization through rice and duck farming needs to be developed towards the sustainable agriculture. This study aims to analyze the sustainability index of rice farming and duck poultry using the Sustainability Index approach of Lebak in Sungai Durait Hulu Village, Regency of Hulu Sungai Utara. Measurement of sustainability index includes six dimensions namely environment, economy, human resources, social, technology and institutions. The results showed that the sustainability index of rice and duck farming was about 47.54%, indicating rice and duck farming was less sustainable. The highest value of sustainability index was the social dimension, while other dimensions were included in the less sustainable category. The dimensions that has less sustainable need to be improved that could be focused on the leverage attributes which are land fertility and livestock raising system in ecological dimension, availability of livestock and product market and marketing of livestock product in economic dimension, ability to manage farming in the family and availability of family human resource in human resource dimension, agricultural waste treatment technology and feed supplement for livestock in technology dimension as well as the institution of output in institutional dimension.
Growth and yield improvement of maize by ACC deaminase producing bacteria under dry soil conditions
Authors: Husen E , Salma S , Husnain  , Sutardi
Published: February 2021

The beneficial effects of plant-microbe interactions have been widely studied. This study aimed to examine the ability of ACC deaminase producing bacteria to improve maize plant growth and yield under dry soil conditions. The study consisted of laboratory analyses, a greenhouse trial, and field experiments. Eight strains of Pseudomonas and Bacillus from previous studies were formulated into four groups of bacterial consortia (PC1, PC2, PC3, and PC4) in peat-based carriers. The bacteria were evaluated for their ability to grow in osmotic stress conditions using Polyethylene Glycol. Greenhouse experiment tested the consortia to improve maize growth in soil with 50, 75, and 100% water-filled pore space (WFPS). A field experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field using bacterial consortia in combination with organic fertilizer. The results showed that most bacterial strains were able to grow in osmotic stress conditions up to -2.0 MPa. Under different WFPS levels, the four consortia tested appeared to prevent maize from further stress of water shortages, although not significantly different from the uninoculated. The highest increase of maize yield under field soil condition was shown by plants inoculated with PC3 consortium. Therefore, the PC3 consortium needs further evaluation as a promising biofertilizer for dry soil conditions.
Application of liquid organic and inorganic fertilizer on growth and production of hybrid maize
Authors: Maintang  , Sudding Faisal , Asri Muh , Rauf Abdul Wahid
Published: February 2021

Organic fertilizers can be an alternative source of plant nutrients. The aim of experiment is to determine the effect of liquid organic and inorganic fertilizer application on hybrid mayze growth and yield. The experiment was conducted at Soppeng regency, South Sulawesi from September to December 2019. The experiment was set in Randomized Block Design with eight level of treatments and three replications. Treatments were (P1) control, (P2) inorganic fertilizer 100% recommendation, (P3) inorganic fertilizer 75% recommendation; (P4) liquid organic fertilizer 5 ml 2 L−1 water + P3; (P5) liquid organic fertilizer 10 ml 2 L−1 water + P3; (P6) liquid organic fertilizer 15 ml 2 L−1 water + P3; (P7) liquid organic fertilizer 20 ml 2 L−1 water + P3; and (P8) liquid organic fertilizer 10 ml 2 L−1 water + P2. Combinations of liquid organic plus inorganic fertilizer produce better growth and higher production than only inorganic fertilization and control. The combination of liquid organic and inorganic fertilizer 75% recommendation (15 ml 2 L−1 water + NPK Phonska 300 kg ha−1 + Urea 150 kg ha−1 show better agronomic performance and yield components with grain yiled 8.2 t ha−1 higher than other treatments. This dosage could be used for optimum maize production.
Improving irrigated agriculture through integrated water resources management in Pusur Watershed, Central Java
Authors: Hamdani A , Kartiwa B , Sosiawan H
Published: February 2021

Pusur watershed supplies water for about 3,000 ha irrigated farmlands of 12,000 smallholders. However, water shortages affecting the crop development and production are common in the farmlands within the Pusur Watershed, especially during the 3rd cropping season (June-October). This research conducted a survey to describe water resources availability, hydraulic network performance, cropping calendar, canal water access, and crop development condition with objectives to improve water management and reduce water conflict in the irrigated region. The participatory and rapid appraisal results identified different condition of canal water access and crop development within the sampling area. The result found that the pusur watershed is very elongated shape and the largest area was covered by 44.24 % of rice. Water availability of all dams in Pusur Watershed are decreasing from rainy season to dry season about 8 until 19% in every year. Many farmers has a good access in hydroulic structure condition and water distribution efficiency, but most of them has canal water lack for crop during the 3rd cropping. An analysis of water balance simulation showed a degraded conditions of crop development most located in downstream areas whereas crops look growing-up normally in most of upstream zones.
Improving rice plant using Si materials on P and Si uptake, growth and production in Ultisols
Authors: Anggria L , Siregar A F , Sipahutar I A , Rostaman T , Suntari R , Fitriani U , Husnain
Published: February 2021

Silica plays a role on nutrient uptake as increasing soil available P and increasing plant resistance on abiotic and biotic stresses. The purpose of this research was to find out the effect of silica material application on P, Si uptake, rice growth and production. A pot experiment was carried out under greenhouse condition. The experiment was set up in completely randomized design with six treatments and four replications. The treatments used five silica materials, including palm nutshell compost, volcanic ash, palm nut shell ash, coal fly ash, and waste media of mushroom. Urea (200 kg ha−1), SP-36 (75 kg ha−1) and KCl (50 kg ha−1) were applied as basal fertilizer. The results showed that the application of silica material had a significant effect on P and Si uptake in rice plants. The highest of P uptake was in the palm nut shell compost treatment compared to the control. Meanwhile, the highest Si uptake was in coal fly ash treatment compared to the control. Silica applications could increase the growth and yield of rice. The highest yield for the 1,000 grain weight and the straw yield were obtained in the palm nut shell compost and coal fly ash treatments compared to the control.
Effectiveness of biofertilizer formula on soil chemical properties and shallot productivity in tidal swamp land
Authors: Mukhlis  , Lestari Y , Yufdy M P , Razie F
Published: February 2021

Low productivity is one of the main problems to increase shallot productivity in tidal swamp lands. Biofertilizer is an alternative to increase soil fertility, plant productivity, inorganic fertilizer efficiency, and decrease environmental pollution. The aim of this research was to test the biofertilizer formula containing decomposer (Trichoderma sp), P-solubilizer (Bacillus sp), and N-fixer (Azospirillium sp and Azotobacter sp) to increase soil chemical properties and shallot productivity in tidal swamp lands. This research was conducted from July – September 2018 in Wanaraya District, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan. The treatments involved (A) No fertilizer, (B) NPK (recommendation dose), (C) Biofertilizer, (D) Biofertilizer + NPK (50% of recommended dose), (E) Biofertilizer + NPK (75% of recommended dose). The treatment was arranged by randomized completely block design with four replications. Recommended dose of NPK fertilizer was NPK compound 500 kg ha−1, SP-36 150 kg ha−1, dan KCl 200 kg ha−1. Research results showed that biofertilizer formula combined by inorganic NPK fertilizer as much as 50 to 75 % of recommended dose could increase soil chemical properties and yielded as much as 2.39 to 6.19% compared to NPK fertilizer with recommended dose. For further development, this biofertilizer need to be tested at several locations with broader plot size.
The projected water availability on paddy rice based on climate change scenario in Indonesia
Authors: Misnawati  , Apriyana Y , Ramadhani F
Published: February 2021

Climate change is a crucial issue concern in this century. The increase in temperature and changes in rainfall has a substantial effect on the agricultural sector. This study investigates the impact of climate change on water availability and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) in seven locations. The historical data (1981-2005) and The GCM data (ACCESS1-0) for the CMIP5 project for 45 years (2006-2050) under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios were used to analyze the trend of temperature, rainfall, crop evapotranspiration, and changes in water availability using The Mann-Kendall test. In this study, crop evapotranspiration is calculated to assess monthly crop water requirement, while deficit rainfall is using to calculate the water deficit on paddy rice. This study shows that the temperature and crop evapotranspiration have a significant positive trend under historical, RCP 4.5, and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Otherwise, rainfall shows a relatively decreasing trend for historical RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 scenarios. Crop water requirement is projected to increase in the future. Rainwater would insufficient to crop water requirements in a certain month. Shifting the planting time and adjusting the cropping pattern is a strategy to adapt and mitigate climate change.
Factors affecting rice yield productivity in tidal swamp of South Sumatra
Authors: Girsang S S , Raharjo B
Published: February 2021

Agricultural land expansion in tidal swamp rice (Oryza sativa L.) has not been optimally utilized. The objective of the study was to examine the relationship between soil, climate, and other factors that affect rice productivity. The study was conducted in Muara Telang Sub-district and used the purposive sampling method from 30 respondent farmers. The results showed that rice production was lower in the dry season (DS) than wet season (WS) (r2=0.96) which was closely related to water availability. A low percentage of total pore space (TPS) and availability of P2O5have an impact on rice yield in WS while rice yields at DS 2019 are directly related to N applications. Low temperatures have a positive impact on the presence ofCnaphalocrocis medinalisandGryllotalpa brachypterabut high humidity has a major impact on the presence ofRattus argentiventerandBacterial leaf blight. On the other hand, the income received by farmers is doubled in WS compared to DS (R/C ratio 2.4 Vs. 1.2). Nutrient management, soil pore space, and climate information can affect rice productivity in tidal swamp rice fields that are economically beneficial in WS, however further research is needed for DS condition.
The role of peat decomposition stage on iron solubility and distribution in tidal swamps
Authors: Fahmi A , Susilawati A , Sarwani M
Published: February 2021

Most peat layers laying above sulfidic materials have important role in the geochemical cycle in tidal swampland. Depletion of the peat layer increase metal solubility and acidity from sulfidic materials which then potentially polluting and decreasing the quality of the surrounding environment. The purpose of this review was to describe the influence of peat layer thickness and its decomposition stage on iron solubility and distribution in the profile of peat soils and acid sulphate soils located around peatlands. This paper used observational data from a number of articles on peatlands with varies thickness and acid sulphate soils. Peat decomposition stage has important role on the distribution of Fe, the movement and ability of complex formation with Fe. Most of the Fe ions in peatlands were in organic complex form, and organic–Fe concentration in sapric peat layer was higher than hemic peat layer.
Direct application of reactive phosphate rock on improving maize yield in tidal swampland
Authors: Siregar A F , Husnain  , Suastika I W , Ratmini N P S , Sipahutar I A , Nassir A
Published: February 2021

Tidal swampland soil is characterized by low soil acidity and P availability, and high Al, Fe, S, and Na concentrations. Due to its productivity, tidal swampland needs an improved specific location technology. Reactive phosphate rock (RPR) which is characterized by its high reactivity and residual effect, and slow release is an option to overcome the P problem. The objective of this research was to study the effect of direct application of reactive phosphate rock in increasing maize yield in tidal swampland. The experiment was conducted at farmer’s field in Banyu Urip Village, Banyuasin District, South Sumatera. The research was arranged using randomized block design with four treatments and four replicates. The treatments consisted of farmers’ practice (P1), recommended single fertilizer (P2), recommended compound fertilizer (P3), and recommended RPR package (P4). The results showed that P4 treatment was able to improve plant growth and maize yield up to 25% compared to farmers’ practice. RPR package consists of RPR, dolomite, manure, Urea, and KCl of 1, 1, 2, 0.4, and 0.4 t ha−1, respectively, in tidal swamp land achieved maize production up to 8.25 t ha−1. This RPR package could be an applicable option in improving maize yield in tidal swamp land.
Improving rice growth and yield with silicon addition in Oxisols
Authors: Siregar A F , Sipahutar I A , Anggria L , Husnain  , Yufdi M P
Published: February 2021

The addition of beneficial nutrients as silicon (Si) has become a concern in rice cultivation in some countries. However, it is not fully adopted in Indonesia. It is known that Si plays an important role on improving plant resistance on biotic and abiotic stresses. A pot experiment was conducted to study the response of rice plant growth on Si addition in Oxisols. A completely randomized design was set with eight treatments as varying Si rates (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 and 700 kg SiO2 ha−1) and three replications. Some variables were observed as plant height, number of tillers, stem strength, lodging resistance, biomass and yield components. Related to stem strength and lodging resistance, the observation was conducted prior to harvest. The results showed that initial soil Si available was 264 mg SiO2 kg−1 and categorized below the critical level. Si application showed significant effect on increasing number of tillers, stem strength, lodging resistance and the yield which occurred at 700 kg SiO2 ha−1 treatments. The rice yield increase by 34.66% at 700 kg SiO2 ha−1 treatments compared to control. This current result showed that addition of Si fertilizer has showed the effect on improving rice growth and yield in Oxisols.
Smart agriculture practice for intensively rice cultivation in both irrigated and rainfed rice field
Authors: Kartikawati R , Yunianti I F , Paputri D M W , Wihardjaka A
Published: February 2021

A smart agricultural practice called Panca Kelola Ramli has been developing by the Indonesian Agricultural Environment Research Institute (IAERI). The smart practise was applied in intensively rice cultivation both in irrigated and rainfed rice field in Pati District, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The objective of the study was to identify plant performing and rice productivity both in irrigated and rainfed rice field. Five components of Panca Kelola Ramli consisted of high yielding rice varieties, Urea coated by biochar (UBICHAR), biochar-compost, integrated pest and disease management and also water management. In the rainfed rice field, the Panca kelola ramli was applied and modified to four treatments consisted of biochar - compost + UBICHAR, compost + UBICHAR, biochar - compost + Urea and compost + Urea. The observation was carried on methane emission, plant growth and rice yield. The study showed that methane emission, number of tillering, plant height and rice yield in irrigated rice fields were 172.13 kg ha−1, 14 tillers, 94.75 cm and 6.0 t ha−1, respectively. While in the rainfed rice field, the plant parameters vary among the treatments. The highest rice grain was produced by the treatment of compost + UBICHAR which was supported by the highest root weight. The Panca Kelola Ramli in irrigated rice field could reduce Urea and chemical pesticide use.
A method for production of pure silica as fertilizer from industrial waste material
Authors: Anggria L , Husnain  , Masunaga T
Published: February 2021

Globally, industrial waste such as fly ash, bottom ash, and slag in the thermal power energy, steel, and coal industry has been known as potential soil ameliorant and silica fertilizer. However, the use of those materials as ameliorant or Si fertilizer should consider negative environmental impact. Therefore, to use that material in Indonesia need to deal with the regulation and to prove its positive effect on the soil and plant. One innovative idea for recycling industrial waste is to use those raw materials to produce high purity Si as fertilizer. The objective of this research was to improve the solubility of Si from industrial waste material using a sol-gel technique. High purity of Si from materials was prepared using an acid and base solution. Two kinds of materials were selected to produce high purity Si, namely: bottom ash and fly ash. Silicon concentration of material before and after treatments were extracted by using two extraction method, namely: Na2CO3/NH4NO3 and 0.5 M HCl. The results show that the Si concentration of materials was higher with the sol-gel technique compared to Si concentration before treatment. In summary, this study provides an effective method to produce available Si from waste material.
Research on customer satisfaction of lanzhou nongjiale based on SEM
Authors: Jixuan Yan , Sun Dongyuan , qiao Hong qiang
Published: February 2021

The farmhouse is a kind of entertainment form for city residents to alleviate pressure on seeking, the customer satisfaction is helpful to enhance Agritainment service consciousness. In this paper, through the design of scale and field research, the evaluation system of agritainment customer satisfaction (RTCS) is constructed to study the customer satisfaction of agritainment and its influencing factors. The research results show that: in the five latent variables influence the farmhouse of customer satisfaction, customer feedback perceived the greatest impact on the farmhouse satisfaction, followed by the customer perception and customer perception of service facilities. And customer feedback in perceptual “return”, “recommended rate, the customer perception” facilities in the “natural environment”, “architectural style”, “illegal status, customer perception of service” of “food taste”, “employee cleanliness” observed variables to the latent variables effect more obvious, is the impact of the main factor of Agritainment in customer satisfaction. On the basis of the conclusion, the paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the satisfaction degree of agritainment.
Research on Power Harmonic Noise Suppression Method Based on Genetic Algorithm for Urban TEM Data
Authors: Yishu Sun , Sihe Huang , Jian Chen , Yang Zhang
Published: February 2021

In recent years, ground accidents are constantly occurring in the process of urban underground space development. TEM provides effective technical support for the rational development and safe operation of urban underground space as a flexible and low-cost geophysical method. However, the interference of human electromagnetic noise is serious in the urban environment, especially the power frequency harmonic noise has wide frequency band distribution, as it is difficult to suppress it quickly and effectively, resulting in low accuracy of the extracted secondary field signal and large inversion error. Aiming at the problem of power frequency harmonic noise interference, this paper proposes a noise suppression method based on genetic algorithm. Through the optimization algorithm, the feature matching segment in the reference noise is quickly searched, and it is self-adaptive offset with the power frequency harmonic noise in the signal. The simulation results show that the method can obtain higher signal-to-noise ratio when collecting less sample data. Furthermore, it is proved that this method of this paper has the characteristics of fast noise suppression and no signal loss.
Research on radio imaging method (RIM) multifrequency information fusion methods
Authors: Ni Jianfu , Han Xue , Liu Sixin
Published: February 2021

Radio imaging method (RIM) also called cross-hole electromagnetic wave method, is widely used in mineral exploration, engineering exploration and other fields. The RIM system can collect multi-frequency information, but the use of multi-frequency information is still limited to qualitative analysis or only one type of frequency information is used. By summarizing the multi-frequency information utilization methods appearing in a variety of geophysical methods, and the feasibility of RIM multi-frequency utilization is proved through theoretical analysis, three multi-frequency information fusion methods suitable for RIM are proposed, namely multi-frequency inversion strategies, Multi-frequency data fusion and multi-frequency image fusion. An example application analysis shows that the three multi-frequency information fusion methods make full use of the advantages of different frequencies and can improve the imaging result.
Application of GPR in Rebar Detection of Building Structures
Authors: Li Bo , Zhao Yonghui , Shen Ruiqing , Bi Wenda , Hu Shufan , Huang Hai
Published: February 2021

The detection of rebar in pillars, beams and floor slabs of building structures is a critical issue in urbanized areas. However, due to some natural and artificial objective factors, the quantity of various rebars is not always consistent with the design data, which directly affects the quality and safety of the building. To ensure structural integrity, quality inspectors must make full use of GPR testing technology. In this paper, we discuss, compare and evaluate the geophysical detection methods and effects of GPR technology regarding the possible hidden safety hazards of reinforced concrete structures. Real testing data shows that GPR detection can provide the precise quantity and positioning of rebars within buildings.
Numerical Simulation of Subsurface Penetrating Radar in Isidis Planitia on Mars for China’s First Mission to Mars
Authors: Wang Ying , Feng Xuan , Liang Wenjing , Zhou Haoqiu , Dong Zejun , Li Xiaotian , Xue Cewen
Published: February 2021

The water ice exploration mission is an important scientific target of China’s first Mission to Mars. The high frequency full polarimetric subsurface penetrating radar (SPR) system onboard the landing rover can carry out high-resolution imaging of the near-surface area of Mars, which is an important tool for detecting the presence of shallow water ice and soil structure. At present, most of the radar detection simulations are based on low-frequency antennas to analyze the geological structure of Mars down to several kilometers, with low resolution, which is difficult to detect the subsurface structure in the near-surface accurately. Considering topographic relief, interface roughness, subsurface rock, water ice, and permittivity changes at different layers, a three-dimensional near-surface model in the Isidis Planitia on Mars is established. The interpretation of the forward simulation results is of reference value for future Mars exploration missions.
A full-polarimetric GPR system and its application in ice crack detection
Authors: Li Xiaotian , Feng Xuan , Liang Wenjing , Xue Cewen , Zhou Haoqiu , Wang Ying
Published: February 2021

The warming season of Antarctica, where sea ice melts and breaks, is often the golden time for Antarctic research. But this season is also a high frequency season for the formation of ice crack, the existence of which poses a serious threat to Antarctic scientific research. Therefore, it is of important significance to monitor the trend, location, and depth of Antarctic sea ice crack in real time. Ice crack detection often uses ground penetrating radar (GPR) technology. Compared with the single-polarimetric GPR, full-polarimetric GPR can obtain more comprehensive polarization information. Therefore, a full-polarimetric GPR system based on the horn antenna is built in this paper to obtain more abundant ice crack information. Then we apply it to detect a small-scale ice crack atop frozen lakes. The analysis of the experiments and data fusion processing results can verify the effectiveness of the system for the detection of ice crack and lay the foundation for subsequent actual detection.
Multi-scale phase waveform inversion method of on-ground GPR data
Authors: Liu Xintong , Liu Sixin
Published: February 2021

Full waveform inversion of ground penetrating radar (GPR) based on Maxwell’s equations can invert the permittivity and conductivity of the underground medium, and achieve quantitative interpretation of the target formation. Here, we present a GPR waveform inversion method based on the phase misfit function, and inverts the phase information in the GPR data. By analyzing the characteristics of phase transformation, the misfit function of PWI is given. The gradient is constructed by the convolution of the forward and reverse fields, and its gradient formula is derived. When the transmitting source and receiver of GPR are arranged on the ground, the waveform inversion can only use the scattered field to obtain the effective information of the underground medium, and the inversion will face a strong indetermination. The inversion is more dependent on the initial model than the cross-hole GPR waveform inversion, but non-destructive detection often lacks prior information. In order to solve this problem, this paper makes use of the characteristics of integral operation and formulates a multi-scale inversion strategy. In the iterative process of inversion, high integration times are preferentially used to restore long wavelength information. This can reduce the dependence of the waveform inversion on the initial model as much as possible, implement the waveform inversion method for on-ground GPR data, and verify it with two sets of synthetic data.
On application of seismic reflection method in investigation of urban underground active faults: A case study in Jiangdong New District of Haikou in Hainan Province, China
Authors: Wang Limin , Chen Chao , Liu Jiangping , Wang Linsong , Hu Zhengwang , Hu Daogong , Jia Liyun
Published: February 2021

In 1605, a magnitude of 7.5 grade earthquake was occurred in the northeast of Hainan island, which caused a large area of land subsidence into sea. Previous studies have shown that the seismogenic fault of this earthquake is the Maniao-Puqian fault. About this fault, there has been a lack of in-depth research on the fault activity, the controlled subsidence process and the state of underground structure in this area since the late Cenozoic. To investigate the latest active age and the specific location distribution of the Maniao-Puqian fault, and the influence of its normal fault on the subsidence of Dongzhaigang area, detailed investigation work has been done on this fault area, through the near-surface seismic reflection method. This work can provide important technical support for the construction of Jiangdong New district of Haikou City.
Simultaneous Inversion of Multiwindow Surface Wave Dispersion Data in 2D Layered Media
Authors: Hu Shufan , Zhao Yonghui , Ge Shuangcheng , Bi Wenda , Shen Ruiqing
Published: February 2021

Seismic Surface Wave Methods (SWMs) have been one of the effective tools for retrieving near-surface shear-wave velocity (Vs). However, a critical problem associated with the SWMs is that using a horizontally layered model assumption in inversion may introduce blurred errors into 2D Vs imaging due to the presence of lateral variations. In addition, the increase of investigation depth necessary for the SWMs may cause an increase in errors since a wider acquisition array is essential to acquire longer wavelength data precisely. In this study, we analyzed the relationship between the output power, calculated by an amplitude normalized frequency-domain beamforming and the local phase velocity following the ray-theory approximation. Based on this relationship, we calculated the theoretical dispersion curves of multichannel surface wave data using a local maximum search algorithm. Then, we presented an algorithm for simultaneously inverting surface wave dispersion data extracted from multi-size spatial windows. We parametrized the inverted model in a 2D layered pattern. Finally, we used synthetic and field data sets to test the effectivity of the proposed method. Both results showed that the lateral resolution of the Vs model retrieved by the simultaneous inversion is improved compared to the horizontally layered model-based inversion.
Elastic FWI Without Low Frequencies Based on n-th Power Operation and Convolved Wavefields
Authors: Zhang Pan , Han Liguo , Zhao Jianwei , Yin Yuchen
Published: February 2021

The elastic full-waveform inversion (FWI) can use the recorded multi-component seismic data to construct high-precision multi-parameter models of the subsurface media such as P- and S-wave velocity models. However, due to the reasons such as data quality and algorithm limitations, there are still many problems in the promotion and application of elastic FWI method. Aiming at alleviating the influence of low-frequency data absence on the inversion results, we propose a robust elastic FWI method based on the n-th power operation. The n-th power of the seismic data can compress the time-domain waveform and expand its frequency-band. The FWI objective function constructed using the n-th power wavefields shows better convexity. By successively lowering the power during the inversion, we can realize a new multiscale FWI strategy, which is also a data-domain layer-stripping strategy. Seismic data will be more sensitive to the source wavelet errors after the n-th power operation. To mitigate this problem, we propose a robust objective function for elastic FWI using the n-th power operation and the convolved wavefields. Finally, the validity of the method is verified by numerical examples.
Modified Frequency-Bessel Transform Method for Dispersion Imaging of Rayleigh Wave from Ambient Seismic Noise
Authors: Xi Chaoqiang , Xia Jianghai , Dai Tianyu , Liu Ya , Ning Ling
Published: February 2021

Surface wave methods based on ambient noise have gained much attention from geophysical and civil engineering communities because of the limited application of traditional seismic surveys in highly populated urban areas. Higher modes information is important in dispersion curve inversion for shear-wave velocity structure. A method using the Frequency-Bessel (F-J) transform is for extracting the multimode dispersion curves from ambient seismic noise recordings. At high frequencies, the measured dispersion energy image by the F-J transform, however, would usually be polluted by a type of “crossed” artifacts. We proposed a modified frequency-Bessel (MFJ) transform by replacing the Bessel function in the F-J method with the Hankel function to attenuate the artifacts. A numerical simulation and a real-world example indicate the effectiveness of the proposed MFJ method in improving the accuracy of Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements, compared with the F-J method.