bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brazilian version of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering - Adults protocol (OASES-A)
Authors: Bragatto Eliane Lopes , Osborn Ellen , Yaruss J. Scott , Quesal Robert , Schiefer Ana Maria , Chiari Brasília Maria
Published: August 2012

PURPOSE: To verify the applicability of the protocol Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering - Adults (OASES-A), translated into Brazilian Portuguese, in a sample of adults who stutter. METHODS: The Brazilian Portuguese version of the OASES-A protocol was individually applied to 18 people who stutter. The classification of stuttering severity was based on the Stuttering Severity Instrument for Children and Adults (SSI-3) protocol. Translation and back-translation processes were carried out by specialists, considering semantic, conceptual, cultural, and idiomatic equivalences. RESULTS: There was no correlation between the severity degrees of stuttering assessed by the SSI-3 protocol and the self-assessment performed using the OASES-A. Subjects reported impairments in perceived fluency; speech ability; level of knowledge about stuttering and treatment options; use of confrontational techniques; quality of life. They also mentioned having difficulty coping with emotional states such as anxiety and embarrassment, and with communication in daily situations. CONCLUSION: The OASES-A protocol is useful in the assessment and treatment of stutterers, as it provides specialized speech-language pathologists with sutterers' self-perception regarding their communication difficulties and the impact of stuttering on their quality of life.
Temporal resolution with click and pure tone stimuli in youngsters with normal hearing sensitivity
Authors: Sousa Luciana Leal de , Dias Karin Ziliotto , Pereira Liliane Desgualdo
Published: August 2012

PURPOSE: To assess the auditory ability of temporal resolution and to compare the random gap detection test (RGDT) versions with pure tone and clicks stimuli. METHODS: Participants were 40 young individuals of both genders with ages between 18 and 25 years, and normal hearing thresholds for the sound frequencies of 250 Hz to 8 kHz. Initially, participants were submitted to the basic audiological evaluation. Then they underwent the RGDT with pure tone and clicks stimuli. Finally, we obtained the temporal acuity threshold, which corresponds to the shorter silence interval in which the patient perceives two sounds, for each type of stimulus, called final temporal acuity threshold for pure tones (mean of the thresholds obtained for 500 Hz, 1k, 2k and 4 kHz), and temporal acuity threshold for clicks. RESULTS: The mean temporal acuity threshold for the sound frequency of 500 Hz was 7.25 ms; for the frequency of 1 kHz was 7.25 ms; for 2 kHz was 6.73 ms; for the frequency of 4 kHz was 6.03 ms. The final temporal acuity threshold was 6.72 ms. The mean temporal acuity threshold for clicks was 6.43 ms. No difference was found between the temporal acuity thresholds obtained with pure tone and clicks stimuli. CONCLUSION: There is no difference in the performance of individuals on the auditory ability of temporal resolution, regardless of the auditory stimulus used.
Temporal auditory processing in rural workers exposed to pesticide
Authors: Bazilio Martha Marcela de Matos , Frota Silvana , Chrisman Juliana Rezende , Meyer Armando , Asmus Carmem Ildes Fróes , Camara Volney de Magalhaes
Published: August 2012

PURPOSE: The objective of this research was to assess the ordering and temporal resolution auditory abilities in rural workers exposed to pesticides and compare them with laborers exposure index. METHODS: A sectional study assessed 33 individuals of both genders, aged 18-59 years, who were exposed to pesticides during their daily routine. The procedures were: questionnaire, meatoscopy, basic audiological evaluation and Temporal Auditory Processing tests: pattern test duration and Gaps-in-Noise. In order to analyse the results, a variable called 'index of exposure' was set up through a simple sum of variables present in the questionnaire. The tests' results on Temporal Auditory Processing were categorized according to the tercis of distribution, based on the results observed - in this study, tertile 1, tertile 2, and tertile 3 - and then compared with the exposure index. RESULTS: Difference was verified in all tertiles, with a dose-response relationship, i.e. increased average exposure was associated to worse performance on pattern test duration (p=0.001) and Gaps-in-Noise (p=0.001) in all tertiles. The highest correlation was observed between tertiles 3 and 1. CONCLUSION: Workers exposed to pesticide performed bellow average on Temporal Auditory Processing tests. There was association between the index of exposure to pesticides and worse performance in Temporal Auditory Processing tests, suggesting that the pesticides may be harmful to central auditory pathways.
Hearing loss and acquired immune deficiency syndrome: systematic review
Authors: Araújo Eliene da Silva , Zucki Fernanda , Corteletti Lilian Cássia Bórnia Jacob , Lopes Andrea Cintra , Feniman Mariza Ribeiro , Alvarenga Kátia de Freitas
Published: August 2012

PURPOSE: To investigate the occurrence of hearing loss in individuals with HIV/AIDS and their characterization regarding type and degree. RESEARCH STRATEGY: It was conducted a systematic review of the literature found on the electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, ADOLEC, IBECS, Web of Science, Scopus, Lilacs and SciELO. SELECTION CRITERIA: The search strategy was directed by a specific question: "Is hearing loss part of the framework of HIV/AIDS manifestations?", and the selection criteria of the studies involved coherence with the proposed theme, evidence levels 1, 2 or 3, and language (Portuguese, English and Spanish). DATA ANALYSIS: We found 698 studies. After an analysis of the title and abstract, 91 were selected for full reading. Out of these, 38 met the proposed criteria and were included on the review. RESULTS: The studies reported presence of conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing loss, of variable degrees and audiometric configurations, in addition to tinnitus and vestibular disorders. The etiology can be attributed to opportunistic infections, ototoxic drugs or to the action of virus itself. The auditory evoked potentials have been used as markers of neurological alterations, even in patients with normal hearing. CONCLUSION: HIV/AIDS patients may present hearing loss. Thus, programs for prevention and treatment of AIDS must involve actions aimed at auditory health.
Visual stimuli and written production of deaf signers
Authors: Jacinto Laís Alves , Ribeiro Karen Barros , Soares Aparecido José Couto , Cárnio Maria Silvia
Published: August 2012

PURPOSE: To verify the interference of visual stimuli in written production of deaf signers with no complaints regarding reading and writing. METHODS: The research group consisted of 12 students with education between the 4th and 5th grade of elementary school, with severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss, users of LIBRAS and with alphabetical writing level. The evaluation was performed with pictures in a logical sequence and an action picture. The analysis used the communicative competence criteria. RESULTS: There were no differences in the writing production of the subjects for both stimuli. In all texts there was no title and punctuation, verbs were in the infinitive mode, there was lack of cohesive links and inclusion of created words. CONCLUSION: The different visual stimuli did not affect the production of texts.
Ex Vivo Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 Gene Delivery Using Bone Marrow Stem Cells in Rabbit Maxillary Sinus Augmentation in Conjunction With Implant Placement
Authors: Jhin Min‐Ju , Kim Kyoung‐Hwa , Kim Su‐Hwan , Kim Young‐Sung , Kim Sung‐Tae , Koo Ki‐Tae , Kim Tae‐Il , Seol Yang‐Jo , Ku Young , Rhyu In‐Chul , Lee Yong‐Moo
Published: August 2012

Background: This study evaluates the potential of bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) gene–transduced bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) to facilitate osseous healing after rabbit maxillary sinus augmentation in conjunction with implant placement.

Methods: Autologous BMSCs derived from New Zealand white rabbits were cultured and transduced with BMP‐2 using an adenovirus vector. Transduced BMSCs (BMP‐2/BMSCs) were then combined with a deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM) scaffold. Twenty‐seven animals were randomly allocated into three groups: 1) control, sinus grafted with DBBM alone; 2) BMSC, sinus grafted with non‐transduced BMSCs and DBBM; and 3) BMP‐2/BMSC, sinus grafted with BMP‐2/BMSCs and DBBM. During these procedures, a mini‐implant was placed in the floor of the sinus. Animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. New bone area and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) were evaluated histomorphometrically.

Results: At 2 and 4 weeks, the BMP‐2/BMSC group showed more new bone area and higher BIC than the other two groups. BMP‐2/BMSCs were detected with confocal microscopy for up to 4 weeks, which indicates that transduced cells contributed to new bone formation. However, at 8 weeks, there was no difference in new bone area or BIC among the three groups.

Conclusions: These results suggest that BMP‐2 delivery using BMSCs may result in earlier and increased bone formation in the maxillary sinus. This finding may offer more stable bone support to implants and reduce healing times. However, this study also revealed limitations in the stimulatory effect of BMP‐2/BMSCs, such as diminished activity over time in later healing stages.
Effect of Surgical Defect Coverage on Cervical Dentin Hypersensitivity and Quality of Life
Authors: Douglas de Oliveira Dhelfeson Willya , Marques Daniel Pedro , Aguiar‐Cantuária Ivan Cândido , Flecha Olga Dumont , Gonçalves Patricia Furtado
Published: August 2012

Background: Root exposure due to gingival recession (GR) can cause cervical dentin hypersensitivity (CDH), which is characterized by tooth pain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of surgical defect coverage on CDH and quality of life in patients with GR.

Methods: Twenty‐five GRs in maxillary canines and premolars were treated with coronally positioned flap plus connective tissue graft. GR dimensions, amount of keratinized gingiva, and clinical attachment level were evaluated. CDH was assessed by thermal and evaporative stimuli. Quality of life was assessed by use of the Oral Health Impact Profile‐14 (OHIP‐14) questionnaire. All parameters were evaluated at baseline and after 3 months.

Results: Statistically significant reduction in CDH (P <0.001), significant reduction in impact of oral health on quality of life (P <0.001), and significant changes in periodontal parameters were observed after 3 months. Mean defect coverage of 67.90% was achieved, with full coverage in 11 cases. Percentage defect coverage showed no correlation with air blast–stimulated CDH (P = 0.256) or cold stimulus (P = 0.563). The OHIP‐14 physical disability dimension was correlated with the amount of keratinized tissue (P = 0.010) and also with defect coverage (P = 0.035).

Conclusions: Surgical defect coverage may reduce CDH and improve patient quality of life, by keratinized gingiva augmentation and impact on physical disability, irrespective of amount of defect coverage.
Building a Consensus on Community Health Workers’ Scope of Practice: Lessons From New York
Authors: Findley Sally E. , Matos Sergio , Hicks April L. , Campbell Ayanna , Moore Addison , Diaz Diurka
Published: August 2012

Objectives. We evaluated efforts in New York to build a consensus between community health workers (CHWs) and employers on CHWs’ scope of practice, training standards, and certification procedures.

Methods. We conducted multiple-choice surveys in 2008 and 2010 with 226 CHWs and 44 employers. We compared CHWs’ and employers’ recommendations regarding 28 scope of practice elements. The participatory ranking method was used to identify consensus scope of practice recommendations.

Results. There was consensus on 5 scope of practice elements: outreach and community organizing, case management and care coordination, home visits, health education and coaching, and system navigation. For each element, 3 to 4 essential skills were identified, giving a total of 27 skills. These included all skills recommended in national CHW studies, along with 3 unique to New York: computer skills, participatory research methods, and time management.

Conclusions. CHWs and employers in New York were in consensus on CHWs’ scope of practice on virtually all of the detailed core competency skills. The CHW scope of practice recommendations of these groups can help other states refine their scope of practice elements.
Preventing Rapid Repeat Births Among Latina Adolescents: The Role of Parents
Authors: Bouris Alida , Guilamo-Ramos Vincent , Cherry Kevin , Dittus Patricia , Michael Shannon , Gloppen Kari
Published: August 2012

Latina adolescent parents are at increased risk for rapid repeat births (second birth ≤ 24 months after the first), sexually transmitted infections, and negative educational and social outcomes. Although several effective parent-based interventions have been developed to prevent Latino youths’ sexual risk taking, little research has explored the development of interventions to prevent repeat births that involve the parents of these adolescents. Existing preventative interventions involving parents suffer from important methodological limitations. Additional research is needed to advance theories of behavior, identify the causal pathways of parental influence, and specify appropriate behavioral targets. Future parent-based interventions to prevent repeat births should target pregnancy intentions, age of partners, contraceptive use, integrated prevention of pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections, educational attainment, and future orientations.
Local Legal Infrastructure and Population Health
Authors: Costich Julia F. , Patton Dana J.
Published: August 2012

Objectives. We explored the association between the legal infrastructure of local public health, as expressed in the exercise of local fiscal and legislative authority, and local population health outcomes.

Methods. Our unit of analysis was public health jurisdictions with at least 100 000 residents. The dependent variable was jurisdiction premature mortality rates obtained from the Mobilize Action Toward Community Health (MATCH) database. Our primary independent variables represented local public health’s legal infrastructure: home rule status, board of health power, county government structure, and type of public health delivery system. Several control variables were included. We used a regression model to test the relationship between the varieties of local public health legal infrastructure identified and population health status.

Results. The analyses suggested that public health legal infrastructure, particularly reformed county government, had a significant effect on population health status as a mediator of social determinants of health.

Conclusions. Because states shape the legal infrastructure of local public health through power-sharing arrangements, our findings suggested recommendations for state legislation that positions local public health systems for optimal impact. Much more research is needed to elucidate the complex relationships among law, social capital, and population health status.
Examining a Comprehensive Model of Disaster-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Systematically Studied Survivors of 10 Disasters
Authors: North Carol S. , Oliver Julianne , Pandya Anand
Published: August 2012

Objectives. Using a comprehensive disaster model, we examined predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in combined data from 10 different disasters.

Methods. The combined sample included data from 811 directly exposed survivors of 10 disasters between 1987 and 1995. We used consistent methods across all 10 disaster samples, including full diagnostic assessment.

Results. In multivariate analyses, predictors of PTSD were female gender, younger age, Hispanic ethnicity, less education, ever-married status, predisaster psychopathology, disaster injury, and witnessing injury or death; exposure through death or injury to friends or family members and witnessing the disaster aftermath did not confer additional PTSD risk. Intentionally caused disasters associated with PTSD in bivariate analysis did not independently predict PTSD in multivariate analysis. Avoidance and numbing symptoms represented a PTSD marker.

Conclusions. Despite confirming some previous research findings, we found no associations between PTSD and disaster typology. Prospective research is needed to determine whether early avoidance and numbing symptoms identify individuals likely to develop PTSD later. Our findings may help identify at-risk populations for treatment research.
Co-occurring Lower Respiratory Symptoms and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder 5 to 6 Years After the World Trade Center Terrorist Attack
Authors: Nair Hemanth P. , Ekenga Christine C. , Cone James E. , Brackbill Robert M. , Farfel Mark R. , Stellman Steven D.
Published: August 2012

Objectives. We have described the epidemiology of co-occurring lower respiratory symptoms (LRS) and probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) 5 to 6 years after exposure to the 9/11 disaster.

Methods. We analyzed residents, office workers, and passersby (n = 16 363) in the World Trade Center Health Registry. Using multivariable logistic regression, we examined patterns of reported respiratory symptoms, treatment sought for symptoms, diagnosed respiratory conditions, mental health comorbidities, quality of life, and unmet health care needs in relation to comorbidity.

Results. Among individuals with either LRS or PTSD, 24.6% had both conditions. The odds of comorbidity was significantly higher among those with more severe 9/11 exposures. Independent of 9/11 exposures, participants with LRS had 4 times the odds of those without it of meeting criteria for PTSD, and those with PTSD had 4 times the odds of those without it of meeting criteria for LRS. Participants with comorbidity had worse quality of life and more unmet mental health care needs than did all other outcome groups.

Conclusions. Respiratory and mental illness are closely linked in individuals exposed to 9/11 and should be considered jointly in public health outreach and treatment programs.
Assessment of the Distribution of Toxic Release Inventory Facilities in Metropolitan Charleston: An Environmental Justice Case Study
Authors: Wilson Sacoby M. , Fraser-Rahim Herb , Williams Edith , Zhang Hongmei , Rice LaShanta , Svendsen Erik , Abara Winston
Published: August 2012

Objectives. We assessed spatial disparities in the distribution of Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) facilities in Charleston, SC.

Methods. We used spatial methods and regression to assess burden disparities in the study area at the block and census-tract levels by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES).

Results. Results revealed an inverse relationship between distance to TRI facilities and race/ethnicity and SES at the block and census-tract levels. Results of regression analyses showed a positive association between presence of TRI facilities and high percentage non-White and a negative association between number of TRI facilities and high SES.

Conclusions. There are burden disparities in the distribution of TRI facilities in Charleston at the block and census-tract level by race/ethnicity and SES. Additional research is needed to understand cumulative risk in the region.
Attitudes, Experiences, and Acceptance of Smoke-Free Policies Among US Multiunit Housing Residents
Authors: Licht Andrea S. , King Brian A. , Travers Mark J. , Rivard Cheryl , Hyland Andrew J.
Published: August 2012

We assessed factors related to smoke-free policies among a cross-sectional, nationally representative, random-digit-dial sample (landline and cell phone) of US multiunit housing residents (n = 418). Overall, 29% reported living in smoke-free buildings, while 79% reported voluntary smoke-free home rules. Among those with smoke-free home rules, 44% reported secondhand smoke incursions in their unit. Among all respondents, 56% supported smoke-free building policy implementation. These findings suggest that smoke-free building policies are needed to protect multiunit housing residents from secondhand smoke in their homes.
The Development and Psychometric Properties of the Humanitarian Emergency Settings Perceived Needs (HESPER) Scale
Authors: Semrau Maya , van Ommeren Mark , Blagescu Monica , Griekspoor Andre , Howard Louise M. , Jordans Mark , Lempp Heidi , Marini Anita , Pedersen Jon , Pilotte Isabelle , Slade Mike , Thornicroft Graham
Published: August 2012

Objectives. We developed the Humanitarian Emergency Settings Perceived Needs (HESPER) Scale, a valid and reliable scale to rapidly assess perceived needs of populations in humanitarian settings in low- and middle-income countries.

Methods. We generated items through a literature review; reduced the number of items on the basis of a survey with humanitarian experts; pilot-tested the scale in Gaza, Jordan, Sudan, and the United Kingdom; and field-tested it in Haiti, Jordan, and Nepal.

Results. During field-testing, intraclass correlation coefficients (absolute agreement) for the total number of unmet needs were 0.998 in Jordan, 0.986 in Haiti, and 0.995 in Nepal (interrater reliability), and 0.961 in Jordan and 0.773 in Nepal (test–retest reliability). Cohen’s κ for the 26 individual HESPER items ranged between 0.66 and 1.0 (interrater reliability) and between 0.07 and 1.0 (test–retest reliability) across sites. Most HESPER items correlated as predicted with related questions of the World Health Organization Quality of Life-100 (WHOQOL-100), and participants found items comprehensive and relevant, suggesting criterion (concurrent) validity and content validity.

Conclusions. The HESPER Scale rapidly provides valid and reliable population-based data on perceived needs in humanitarian settings.
Walkability, Transit Access, and Traffic Exposure for Low-Income Residents With Subsidized Housing
Authors: Houston Douglas , Basolo Victoria , Yang Dongwoo
Published: August 2012

Objectives. We assessed the spatial distribution of subsidized housing units provided through 2 federally supported, low-income housing programs in Orange County, California, in relation to neighborhood walkability, transit access, and traffic exposure.

Methods. We used data from multiple sources to examine land-use and health-related built environment factors near housing subsidized through the Housing Choice Voucher Program and the Low Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program, and to determine these patterns’ associations with traffic exposure.

Results. Subsidized projects or units in walkable, poorer neighborhoods were associated with lower traffic exposure; higher traffic exposure was associated with more transit service, a Hispanic majority, and mixed-use areas. Voucher units are more likely than LIHTC projects to be located in high-traffic areas.

Conclusions. Housing program design may affect the location of subsidized units, resulting in differential traffic exposure for households by program type. Further research is needed to better understand the relationships among subsidized housing locations, characteristics of the built environment, and health concerns such as traffic exposure, as well as which populations are most affected by these relationships.
Maternal Religious Involvement and Breastfeeding Initiation and Duration
Authors: Burdette Amy M. , Pilkauskas Natasha V.
Published: August 2012

Although religious involvement is associated with a number of beneficial health outcomes, few studies have investigated whether religious involvement is associated with breastfeeding behaviors. Our analyses of 2 waves of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (n = 4 166) indicate that mothers who frequently attend religious services are more likely to initiate breastfeeding than are mothers who never attend services. Understanding religious variations in breastfeeding may allow public health officials to more effectively target vulnerable populations.
The Quality of Drinking Water in North Carolina Farmworker Camps
Authors: Bischoff Werner E. , Weir Maria , Summers Phillip , Chen Haiying , Quandt Sara A. , Liebman Amy K. , Arcury Thomas A.
Published: August 2012

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess water quality in migrant farmworker camps in North Carolina and determine associations of water quality with migrant farmworker housing characteristics.

Methods. We collected data from 181 farmworker camps in eastern North Carolina during the 2010 agricultural season. Water samples were tested using the Total Coliform Rule (TCR) and housing characteristics were assessed using North Carolina Department of Labor standards.

Results. A total of 61 (34%) of 181 camps failed the TCR. Total coliform bacteria were found in all 61 camps, with Escherichia coli also being detected in 2. Water quality was not associated with farmworker housing characteristics or with access to registered public water supplies. Multiple official violations of water quality standards had been reported for the registered public water supplies.

Conclusions. Water supplied to farmworker camps often does not comply with current standards and poses a great risk to the physical health of farmworkers and surrounding communities. Expansion of water monitoring to more camps and changes to the regulations such as testing during occupancy and stronger enforcement are needed to secure water safety.
Factors That Mediate Racial/Ethnic Disparities in US Fetal Death Rates
Authors: Lorch Scott A. , Kroelinger Charlan D. , Ahlberg Corinne , Barfield Wanda D.
Published: August 2012

Objectives. We sought to determine the importance of socioeconomic factors, maternal comorbid conditions, antepartum and intrapartum complications of pregnancy, and fetal factors in mediating racial disparities in fetal deaths.

Methods. We undertook a mediation analysis on a retrospective cohort study of hospital-based deliveries with a gestational age between 23 and 44 weeks in California, Missouri, and Pennsylvania from 1993 to 2005 (n = 7 104 674).

Results. Among non-Hispanic Black women and Hispanic women, the fetal death rate was higher than among non-Hispanic White women (5.9 and 3.6 per 1000 deliveries, respectively, vs 2.6 per 1000 deliveries; P < .01). For Black women, fetal factors mediated the largest percentage (49.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 42.7, 54.7) of the disparity in fetal deaths, whereas antepartum and intrapartum factors mediated some of the difference in fetal deaths for both Black and Asian women. Among Hispanic women, socioeconomic factors mediated 35.8% of the disparity in fetal deaths (95% CI = 25.8%, 46.2%).

Conclusions. The factors that mediate racial/ethnic disparities in fetal death differ depending on the racial/ethnic group. Interventions targeting mediating factors specific to racial/ethnic groups, such as improved access to care, may help reduce US fetal death disparities.
Health Care Reform and Young Adults' Access to Sexual Health Care: An Exploration of Potential Confidentiality Implications of the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Frerich Ellen A. , Garcia Carolyn M. , Long Sharon K. , Lechner Kate E. , Lust Katherine , Eisenberg Marla E.
Published: August 2012

One provision of the 2010 Affordable Care Act is extension of dependent coverage for young adults aged up to 26 years on their parent’s private insurance plan. This change, meant to increase insurance coverage for young adults, might yield unintended consequences.

Confidentiality concerns may be triggered by coverage through parental insurance, particularly regarding sexual health. The existing literature and our original research suggest that actual or perceived limits to confidentiality could influence the decisions of young adults about whether, and where, to seek care for sexual health issues.

Further research is needed on the scope and outcomes of these concerns. Possible remedial actions include enhanced policies to protect confidentiality in billing and mechanisms to communicate confidentiality protections to young adults.
Young Parenthood Program: Supporting Positive Paternal Engagement Through Coparenting Counseling
Authors: Florsheim Paul , Burrow-Sánchez Jason J. , Minami Takuya , McArthur Laura , Heavin Sarah , Hudak Cristina
Published: August 2012

Objectives. Because of their youth, adolescent parents often lack the interpersonal skills necessary to manage the relationship challenges involved in parenting, leaving them and their children vulnerable to the health risks associated with relational stress and conflict. The primary goal of this study was to test the efficacy of the Young Parenthood Program (YPP), a 10-week counseling program administered during pregnancy and designed to facilitate interpersonal skill development and positive parenting among adolescent parents.

Methods. Participants included 105 pregnant adolescents and their partners randomly assigned to YPP or treatment as usual. Assessments measured coparenting skills and parental functioning during the second trimester, 12 weeks after birth, and 18 months after birth.

Results. Results indicated that fathers completing YPP demonstrated more positive parenting than did fathers in the control group. Moreover, the positive outcomes in paternal functioning were mediated through changes in the mother’s interpersonal skill development.

Conclusions. Results supported the efficacy of this couples-focused, coparenting support program, particularly for facilitating positive paternal engagement. These findings underscored the relevance of including fathers in the delivery of maternal-child public health services.
Cytotoxic Compounds in the Treatment of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Lee Patrick , Aragon-Ching Jeanny B.
Published: August 2012

Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous cancer among men in the United States. Most will be diagnosed at an early stage, but a significant number will still develop metastatic castration resistant disease. Docetaxel has demonstrated improved quality of life and overall survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer but virtually all patients will ultimately become refractory to taxane therapy. Second-line options are limited and new effective chemotherapeutic agents or combinations are needed in this setting. This review will focus on cytotoxic compounds in clinical investigation either in combination with taxanes in the first or second-line setting and other novel compounds, such as platinums and microtubule-targeting agents that are in active clinical investigation.
Agents Targeting Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis
Authors: Mohammad Khalid S. , Fournier Pierrick G. , Guise Theresa A. , Chirgwin John M.
Published: August 2012

Bone is the most common site for metastasis of advanced prostate cancers. Once housed in the skeleton, tumors are incurable and cause protracted morbidity, and bone metastases may contribute to mortality through unknown mechanisms. Bone provides a unique microenvironment whose local interactions with tumor cells offer novel targets for therapeutic interventions. Many standard cancer treatments cause bone loss, which may aggravate skeletal metastases, although this is preventable with approved agents. Improved bonetargeted treatments can decrease the serious skeletal morbidities associated with metastatic prostate cancer and may in the future improve overall survival. The development of such treatments requires preclinical evaluation in animal models of prostate cancer growth in bone.
Targeting Prostate Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Crea Francesco , Mathews Lesley A. , Farrar William L. , Hurt Elaine M.
Published: August 2012

Cancer stem cells are the sub-population of cells present within tumors responsible for tumorigenesis. These cells have unique biological properties including self-renewal and the ability to differentiate. Furthermore, it is thought that these cells are more resistant to conventional chemotherapy and, as a result, are responsible for patient relapse. We will discuss the identification of prostate cancer stem cells, their unique properties and how these cells may be targeted for more efficacious therapies.
Current Perspectives in Prostate Cancer Vaccines
Authors: Arlen Philip M. , Gulley James L.
Published: August 2012

The use of vaccines as a potential therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer has been extensively studied. Recent advances include identification and characterization of tumor-associated antigens, novel vaccine delivery systems, and the combination of vaccines with immune stimulants and other therapeutic modalities. Immunotherapy as a modality for treatment of prostate cancer has received significant attention. There are several characteristics of prostate cancer that make it an ideal target for immunotherapy. Prostate cancers relative indolence allows sufficient time to generate immune responses, which may take weeks or months to mount. In addition, prostate cancer-associated antigens direct the immune response to prostate cancer cells, thus sparing normal vital tissue. This review focuses on promising new vaccines and novel perspectives in the treatment of prostate cancer.
Evaluation of the phytochemical profile and uterine contractile effect of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz and Dipsacus mitis D. Don
Authors: Gyawali Rajendra , Jnawali Deepak , Chang-Hun Song , Kim Kyong-Su
Published: August 2012

The phytochemical screening of Dipsacus mitis D. Don and Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz revealed the presence of bioactive secondary metabolites in both of the species but their concentrations were variable. Flavanoids and saponins were found in remarkable amount in both of the samples. The volatile compounds of both plants were extracted by Simultaneous Steam Distillation and Extraction (SDE) apparatus and analyzed by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometery (GC-MS). Total 53 volatile compounds were tentatively identified from roots of Dipsacus mitis D. Don and 78 were identified from flowers of Woodfordia fruticosa (L.) Kurz. Alcohols were dominant in both the plants accounting 45% and 32% respectively. Numerous bioactive volatile compounds were detected in both herbs. The effects of increasing concentrations of the methanolic extracts on the amplitude and frequency of spontaneously contracting uterine tissues were tested. The effect of extracts on the smooth muscle strips from rat uterus showes the dramatic muscular relaxation on spontaneous contractility and was determided most effective at a concentration 6500 µg/ml of methanolic extract of Dipsacus mitis D.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnpa.v26i1.6627JNPA. XXVI(1) 2012 1-11
Study on Highly Active Anti- Retroviral Therapy: prescription pattern and side effects
Authors: Sapkota Sujata , Shakya Rajani , Pandey Basudev
Published: August 2012

Since the introduction of Highly Active Anti Retroviral therapy (HAART) by World Health Organization in 1996, it has been the employed method of drug use in HIV management. Involvement of multiple drugs in the regimen, has also invited multiple complications and side effects is one of them. High chances of occurrence of side effects has called for the need of proper identification and therapy management tools for each HAART user and has highlighted the importance of individualized drug therapy. The aim of the study the prescription pattern of the HAART regimen; frequency of regimen change and its major causes; and the side- effects from HAART. The study was conducted in the ART Clinic of SukraRaj Tropical & Infectious Disease Hospital, Teku. 109 patients, who came to the clinic to refill their prescription, were interviewed by the researcher. After interview, medication file of each patient was reviewed to study the prescribed drug regimen, drug changes and identified reasons for the drug change (as identified by the physicians and recorded in patient medication file); reported side effect experience and laboratory reports were analyzed to study the effect of the HAART regimen on hemoglobin and Alanine Aminotransferase enzyme. The study revealed that the most prescribed HAART regimen constituted a combination of Zidovudine, Lamivudine and Nevirapine. 52% of the patients reported having experienced side effects from HAART. 23.85% patients had to have their initial regimen changed because of drug toxicity. Nausea (15.6%), vertigo (14.7%), decreased hemoglobin (11.9%), skin rash/ allergy (9.2%) were the major side effects experience reported by the patients. In addition to some side effects like nausea, vertigo etc; decrease in the level of hemoglobin after the initiation of HAART was evident. Decrease in Zidovudine containing regimen, during the regimen change was apparent and was mostly related to its hemoglobin lowering activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnpa.v26i1.6630 JNPA. XXVI(1) 2012 12-18
Curcumin: A Challenge in Cancer Treatment
Authors: Basnet Purusotam , Skalko-Basnet Natasa
Published: August 2012

Oxidative damage initiates the inflammation and inflammation has been pointed out as the root cause of cancer and various other chronic diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, Alzheimer’s disease, etc. Epidemiological and clinical studies have suggested that cancer could be prevented or significantly reduced by appropriate treatment with anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory drugs. Therefore, curcumin, a principal component of turmeric (curry spice) exhibiting strong anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, might be a potential candidate for the prevention and/or treatment of cancer and other chronic diseases. However, curcumin, in spite of its excellent safety profile, multitargeting effects and strong evidences on the molecular levels, could not achieve the desired therapeutic outcome in the past clinical trials, mainly due to its low solubility and poor bioavailability. Curcumin can be developed as a therapeutic drug through improvement in formulation properties or delivery systems, enabling its enhanced absorption and cellular uptake. This review mainly focuses on its anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory potentials and recent developments in dosage form and delivery systems, opening the possibilities of therapeutic application of curcumin in the prevention and/or treatment of cancer.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnpa.v26i1.6631 JNPA. XXVI(1) 2012 19-47
Phytochemical studies and in vitro activity of Asparagus racemosus
Authors: Kafle Arjun , Kalauni Surya K , Manandhar Mangala Devi
Published: August 2012

Phytochemical and biological screening of root of Asparagus racemosus was studied. The brine shrimp bioassay of its various extracts showed that the methanol (MeOH) extract was biologically active. The column chromatography of hexane, acetone and methanol extracts resulted in the isolation of 9- hexadecanoic acid-9-octadecenylester (Z,Z), ?-Sitosterol, stigmasterol-3-O-?-D-glucopyranoside and diosgenin. The estimation of saponin in the root of Asparagus racemosus has also been carried out.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnpa.v26i1.6632JNPA. XXVI(1) 2012 48-53
Pattern of adverse drug reactions reported to the regional Pharmacovigilance center at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu
Authors: Bista Durga , Shrestha Bal Ram , Rai Prakash , Jauhari Akhilesh Chandra , Kulshrestha Vishnu Kant
Published: August 2012

The Pharmacovigilance program in Nepal is at very preliminary stage. Present study analyzed the pattern, causality, severity and preventability of the reported adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to the Pharmacovigilance center at Nepal Medical College and Teaching Hospital (NMCTH), from June 2007 to July 2011. A total of 40 ADR cases were reported, among which 23 (57.5%) were in males and 17 (42.5%) in females. Nineteen (47.5%) ADRs were reported in the age group between 21-40 years. Department of Medicine reported 12(30%) ADRs. Among the total ADRs, antibiotics [n=17, (42.5%)] were responsible for most of the reactions followed by non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [n=5, (12.5%)]. Most of the drugs were found to affect dermatological system [n=14, (35%)]. Carbamazepine accounted for 5 (12.5%) ADRs. The causality assessment showed 34 (85%) of the ADRs to have a ‘probable’ relationship with the suspected reaction.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnpa.v26i1.6633JNPA. XXVI(1) 2012 54-61
Reduction of Acute Anterior Shoulder Dislocation Using Intraarticular Lidocaine(IAL) and Stimson’s Technique
Authors: Thapa BB , Chand P , Kayastha N , Rana S , KC NB , Joshi A , Singh BP , Shah BC , KC BR
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Shoulder dislocation is common injury requiring urgent reduction. For the reason that patient is not nill orally and anesthetists are not available, reduction under intra venous anaesthesia is not possible. This study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of intraarticular lidocaine and stimson’s technique of shoulder dislocation, which could be performed without anesthetist and irrespective of nill orally status. Methods: A prospective observational study was performed from December 2009 to December 2010. Under all antiseptic precautions 20 ml of Lidocaine was injected intraarticularly and reduction was performed by Stimson’s technique. Visual Analogue Score, time for reduction and failure to reduction by this technique was recorded. Results: Out of 27 dislocations 22 were successfully reduced and remaining required added scapular manipulation. The mean VAS scor was 2.3±1.26 and the mean time of reduction was 17.96±1.9 minutes. Conclusion: Stimson’s method with Intraarticular Lidocaine is effective, safe, less costly and can be performed in periphery where anesthetist and monitoring facilities are not available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1.6406 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Jan-June 2011 10(1) 6-8
Combined Spinal Epidural Anesthesia for Total Hip Replacement Surgery in Birendra Army Hospital
Authors: KC NB , Rai S , Chand P , Joshi A , Kunwar BR
Published: August 2012

Introduction: Total Hip Replacement surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgeries worldwide. Epidural anaesthesia have shown decrease incidence of DVT in these patient. Hence, combined spinal epidural spinal anesthesia is now a preferred technique over spinal anesthesia alone. We have been practicing combined spinal epidural anesthesia routienely in total joint replacement, but have not analyzed the result. The aim of this study was to analyse various aspect of combined spinal epidura anesthesia. Methods: thirteen cases of ASA I and II who underwent Total Hip Arthroplasty under combined spinal epidural anesthesia were analysed. First epidural was given in space L2-3/L3-4 and patency was confirmed with test dose with InjXylocaine 2% with Adrenaline 3 ml, followed by Spinal anesthesia one space below with Bupivacaine 0.5% 3 ml. Results: Intra operative Mean Blood Pressure had dropped up to 55 mm of Hg.To maintain Blood pressure, Intravenous Fluid was given in average is 2423.077 ml and Vasopressure drug (Mephenteramine Maleate) was given in average of14.769 mg. Dura was accidentally puncture in one patient during epidural insertion and two epidural failed to provide post operative analgesia. Post operative rehabilitation was easy, one one patient developed DVT after 4 weeks of surgery. Conclusion: Combined epidural analgesia effectively manages postoperative pain, allows early ambulation and reduces the risk of deep vein thrombosis and thromboembolism, Although significant drop of Blood pressure was noted in all cases. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1.6447 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Jan-June 2011 10(1) 32-36
Uterus Didelphys with Pregnancy
Authors: Shahi RR , Shrestha MS , Thapa GB , Basnet SB , Khadka G , Joshi L
Published: August 2012

We report a case of 21 Yrs old female patient referred to the radiology department at Shree Birndra Hospital, to investigate primary infertility. She underwent hysterosalpingogram, both transabdominal & transvaginal ultrasound and MRI of the pelvis. The final diagnosis was Uterus Didelphys, which is a type of lateral fusion disorder of mullerian ducts. According to the American Fertility Society Classification of Mullerian Anomalies, Uterus Didelphys is a class III anomaly. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1.6449 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Jan-June 2011 10(1) 40-43
Multiple Parenchymal Neurocysticercosis: A Case Report
Authors: KC I , Rana KJ , Joshi R , Mandal A , Bhhatarai S
Published: August 2012

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection with CNS involvement in 60-90% of infested patients. The larval form of pork intestinal tapeworm (Taenia solium) is responsible for cysticercosis. Humans are the definitive hosts and usually harbor the adult tapeworm in small intestine as an asymptomatic infestation. Neurocysticercosis most commonly affects the brain parenchyma. Solitary and multiple cysts in brain parencyma is common but we came across a 24 year old lady patient with huge number of cysts which is relatively rare. The aim of this article is to report the rare case. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v10i1.6450 Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital Jan-June 2011 10(1) 44-45
Radiosensitivity of Some Local Cultivars of Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.) to Gamma Irradiation
Authors: Albokari MMA , Alzahrani SM , Alsalman AS
Published: August 2012

Seeds of four local wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, namely Hinta, Khaliji, Lokaimy and Qasime collected from different regions of Saudi Arabia were exposed to different doses of gamma rays 50-500 Gy to determine suitable doses for induction of mutation. It was observed that seedling height decreased with the increased dose of radiation in all cultivars. Radiosensitive curve originated from seedling height data resulted in 179, 225, 249 and 256 Gys as LD50 values for the cultivars Hinta, Khaliji, Qasime and Lokaimy, respectively. Based on LD50, as to minimize DNA damage and reduce undesirable mutations, radiation doses which lie between 200 and 250 Gy can be considered suitable for induction of mutation in cultivars Lokaimy, Khaliji and Qasime while between 150 and 200 Gy for cultivar Hinta DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11075 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(1): 1-5, 2012 (June)
Optimization of Sulphur Requirement to Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes Using Tracer Techniques
Authors: Mondal MMA , Badruddin M , Malek MA , Hossain MB , Puteh AB
Published: August 2012

Four sesame genotypes viz., T6, SM4, SM7 and SM8 were verified with three levels of sulphur 10, 20 and 40 kg/ha including control. Factorial experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with four replications. Biochemical parameters such as chlorophyll, nitrate reductase, amino acid and total sugar in leaves, total dry mass production, total nitrogen accumulation in seeds and seed yield increased with sulphur application up to 20 kg S/ha. Application of 40 kg S/ha had no significant benefit on biochemical parameters, dry matter and seed yield of sesame though 35S uptake in seeds increased with increasing sulphur levels till 40 kg/ha. The biochemical traits and nutrients uptake were superior in SM4 than other genotypes which resulted in the highest seed yield of SM4. Among the sulphur levels, 20 kg S/ha showed the maximum seed yield in all the genotypes. Therefore, sulphur @ 20 kg/ha can be recommended for getting maximum productivity of sesame genotypes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v41i1.11076 Bangladesh J. Bot. 41(1): 7-13, 2012 (June)