PENGARUH KERAPATAN BULU DAUN DAN KELENJAR GOSIPOL TERHADAP INFESTASI HAMA PENGISAP DAUN Amrasca biguttula ISHIDA DAN PENGGEREK BUAH Helicoverpa armigera HUBNER PADA KAPAS
Authors: INDRAYANI IGAA. , SUMARTINI SIWI 
Published: June 2020

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Sebagai hama utama tanaman kapas (Gossypium hirsutum L.),<br />pengisap daun Amrasca biguttula Ishida dan penggerek buah, Helicoverpa<br />armigera Hubner merupakan faktor pembatas produktivitas. Kedua hama<br />ini dapat dikendalikan secara efektif dan efisien jika menggunakan varietas<br />tahan yang sumber ketahanannya berasal dari karakteristik morfologi<br />(antixenosis), terutama kerapatan bulu daun, dan antibiosis (kelenjar<br />gosipol). Bulu daun berperan sebagai penghalang serangan hama pengisap,<br />A. biguttula, sedangkan gosipol bersifat racun terhadap hama H. armigera.<br />Penelitian ini dilakukan di  Kebun Percobaan  Asembagus dan<br />Laboratorium Patologi Serangga, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan<br />Serat, Malang mulai Maret sampai Juli 2011. Tujuan penelitian adalah<br />untuk mengetahui pengaruh kerapatan bulu daun dan kelenjar gosipol 15<br />aksesi kapas terhadap infestasi hama A. biguttula dan H. armigera.<br />Sebanyak 15 aksesi kapas, yaitu (1) HSCY 52, (2) DPL 55, (3) Deltapine<br />(DP) 340, (4) PTY 800, (5) Chinese x 229, (6) GLK 320 x 359 x 339 x<br />448/8, (7) GLK 135 x 182 x 351 x 268/9, (8) GLK 351 x 268/4, (9) GLK<br />135 x 182/8, (10) GLK 135 x 182/10, (11) Kanesia 15, (12) CEA N 886<br />(hirsute), (13) Stoneville 825 (blackseed), (14) DPL 55 B, dan (15) HSC 5<br />digunakan sebagai perlakuan ditanam dalam petak berukuran 10 x 3 m<br />dengan jarak tanam 100 x 25 cm dengan satu tanaman per lubang. Setiap<br />perlakuan (aksesi) disusun dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan<br />empat kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati adalah kerapatan bulu daun<br />dan populasi nimfa A. biguttula pada 3 daun tanaman sampel berbeda,<br />kerapatan kelenjar gosipol diamati pada batang, daun dan buah kapas, dan<br />populasi larva H. armigera diamati dari 5 kanopi tanaman sampel di<br />lapangan. Data hasil pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam.<br />Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi kapas yang memiliki<br />kerapatan bulu daun tinggi (200-268 helai/cm 2 ) dengan populasi nimfa A.<br />biguttula rendah (kurang dari 2 ekor/tanaman) adalah GLK 320 x 359 x<br />339 x 448/8, GLK 135 x 182 x 351 x 268/9, GLK 351 x 268/4, GLK 135 x<br />182/8, GLK 135 x 182/10, Kanesia 15, CEA N 886 (hirsute), dan DPL 55<br />B. Korelasi negatif yang kuat antara kerapatan bulu daun dan populasi<br />nimfa A. biguttula (r = -0,711; y = -0,012x + 3,836) menyebabkan<br />penurunan jumlah nimfa/tanaman pada aksesi dengan kerapatan bulu daun<br />yang tinggi. Keberadaan kelenjar gosipol, khususnya pada buah, efektif<br />mengurangi infestasi larva H. armigera, karena berkorelasi negatif (r =<br />-0,579; y = -3,796x + 51,886). Populasi larva H. armigera pada aksesi<br />HSCY 52, DP 340, PTY 800, Kanesia 15, dan CEA N 886 lebih rendah<br />dan kerapatan kelenjar gosipol pada buah rata-rata lebih tinggi (43-57<br />kelenjar/cm 2 ) dibanding aksesi lainnya (34-44 kelenjar/cm 2 ). Terdapat dua<br />aksesi kapas yang menunjukkan tahan terhadap A. biguttula maupun H.<br />armigera, yaitu: Kanesia 15 dan CEA N 886 (hirsute) sehingga keduanya<br />berpotensi sebagai materi genetik pembawa sifat tahan terhadap A.<br />biguttula dan H. armigera.<br />Kata kunci: aksesi, Amrasca biguttula, kelenjar gosipol, Gossypium<br />hirsutum, Helicoverpa armigera</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />As major insect pests, A. biguttula and H. armigera have been<br />limiting factors of cotton productivity. These insect pests could be<br />effectively controlled by using resistant varieties based on plant<br />morphological characters (antixenosis), especially leaf hair density, and<br />antibiosis resistance mechanism. Leaf hair density prevented the nymph of<br />A. biguttula to suck the leaf sap freely while gossypol gland toxics to H.<br />armigera larvae. This study was conducted at Asembagus Experimental<br />Garden and Insect Pathology Laboratory of Indonesian Sweeteners and<br />Fiber Crops Research Institute in Malang from March to July 2011. The<br />objective of study was to find out the effect of leaf hairs and gossypol<br />glands density of fifteen cotton accessions to infestation of sucking pest, A.<br />biguttula and bollworm H. armigera. Fifteen cotton accessions: (1) HSCY<br />52, (2) DPL 55, (3) Deltapine (DP) 340, (4) PTY 800, (5) Chinese x 229,<br />(6) GLK 320 x 359 x 339 x 448/8, (7) GLK 135 x 182 x 351 x 268/9, (8)<br />GLK 351 x 268/4, (9) GLK 135 x 182/8, (10) GLK 135 x 182/10, (11)<br />Kanesia 15, (12) CEA N 886 (hirsute), (13) Stoneville 825 (blackseed),<br />(14) DPL 55 B, and (15) HSC 5 were used as treatments and planted in 10<br />x 3 m of plot size with 100 x 25 cm of row spacing with one plant per<br />hole. Each treatment (accession) was arranged in Randomized Complete<br />Design (RCD) with four replications. Parameter observed were leaf hair<br />density and population of A. biguttula nymph on three sample leaves from<br />different plant, gossypol gland density was observed on stem, leaves and<br />boll of sample plant, and population of H. armigera larvae was recorded<br />from plant canopy. Data observed were analized with analysis of variance.<br />Results showed that cotton accessions with lower leaf hair density (200-<br />268 pieces/cm 2 ) and less than 2 nymphs/plant were GLK 320 x 359 x 339<br />x 448/8, GLK 135 x 182 x 351 x 268/9, GLK 351 x 268/4, GLK 135 x<br />182/8, GLK 135 x 182/10, Kanesia 15 and CEA N 886 (hirsute) and DPL<br />55 B. Negative correlation (r = -0,711 and y = -0.012x + 3.836) between<br />leaf hair density and population of A. biguttula nymph reduced the nymph<br />population when leaf hair density increased. Gossypol gland density,<br />mainly on bollwall, effectively reduced the larval population due to<br />negative correlation between the two parameters (r = -0.579 and y = -<br />3.796x + 51.886). Lower population of H. armigera larvae was counted on<br />HSCY 52, DP 340, PTY 800, Kanesia 15, and CEA N 886 (hirsute) due to<br />higher gossypol density (43-57 glands/cm 2 ) compared to other accessions<br />with lower gossypol density (34-44 glands/cm 2 ). Kanesia 15 and CEA N<br />886 (hirsute) were seemed to be the potential genetic materials for<br />developing resistant varieties against A. biguttula and H. armigera.<br />Key words: accession, Amrasca biguttula, gossypol gland, Gossypium<br />hirsutum, Helicoverpa armigera</p>