bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kontribusi MUI Provinsi Gorontalo terhadap Kemaslahatan Umat pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Abdur Rahman Adi Saputera
Published: March 2022

This research aims to investigate the various dynamics and contributions of the Gorontalo Province MUI in creating the benefit of the people at the beginning of the epidemic of the Covid-19 virus. Comprehensively, this study used the Mix Method, because it consisted of Field Research and applied Library Research in analyzing the secondary data formulation. The research was conducted in Gorontalo Province. The stages of processing and analyzing data by the author were through: Editing, Classification, Verification, Analysis and Conclusion-Verification Withdrawal. The results showed that: 1) At the beginning of the pandemic, which was accompanied by the issued of the Central MUI Fatwa No. 14/2020 in Gorontalo, turned out to be a lot of controversy and conflict 2) Finally, the Gorontalo Province MUI issued Tausyiah Ramadhan to establish the validity and influence of the application of the Central MUI Fatwa, 3) With the Government, the Gorontalo Province MUI invites all the people to increase their sense of solidarity and mutual help, and develop social sensitivity to the surrounding environment and communities affected by the pandemic, then 4) Prepare a number of volunteers who have done for some training and coaching process, to engage in virtual religious assistance for positive patients during isolation at the Hajj Mess or at the Aloe Saboe Hospital, and 5) Become a consultant for people who ask questions about the process of taking care of the covid-19 remains, as well as all things that are inter-correlated with the problems of the people during pandemic.
Modelagem estatística: uma alternativa pedagógica sobre a realidade do trânsito do estado de Tocantins
Authors: Silva Fábio Alves Ferreira , Costa Ademir Brandão , Vizolli Idemar
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo apresentar uma proposta de ensino de estatística fundamentada na Modelagem Matemática, e propõe, ainda, refletir acerca do ensino de estatística para a aprendizagem de matemática e a formação crítica/social dos estudantes sobre acidentes de trânsito no Estado do Tocantins. A pesquisa é qualitativa, exploratória e foi desenvolvida com o respaldo da literatura pertinente ao tema, apresentada ao longo da explanação das ideias, de modo que facilite o entendimento do leitor. A proposta metodológica no ensino de estatística é baseada na modelagem matemática, seguindo as cinco etapas fundamentais assinaladas por Burak (2004). Os resultados indicam que se trata de uma temática relevante, por oportunizar discussão/reflexão, aos estudantes do 7º ano da educação básica, a respeito das normas, regras e maneiras de obter comportamentos seguros no trânsito. Assim sendo, mostra-se essencial para a sociedade, uma vez que esses jovens já se utilizam do trânsito e, muito em breve, serão condutores de veículos. Conclui-se que é uma das metodologias possíveis, a apontada neste trabalho, e de fácil utilização em sala de aula, favorecendo o processo pedagógico no que se refere à matemática, permitindo ao aprendiz adquirir um perfil de investigador, com autonomia e senso crítico para compreender um problema da realidade, por meio da estatística.
Spread through air spaces positivity and extent of resection in patients with Stage I non-small cell lung cancer: A contemporary review
Authors: Kumbasar Ulaş
Published: March 2022

The concept of spread through air spaces is a type of cancer spread that is unique to lung and may be established as a criterion for invasion. It is a potential risk factor for recurrence and poor prognosis in patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer. This review provides a contemporary overview on recent data in this field and aim to help surgeons to decide the extent of resection according to patients" spread through air spaces status.
Steuerkommunikation im Gründungsprozess
Authors: van Eikeren Alina
Published: March 2022

Communication between the tax authorities and taxpayers has traditionally been problematic. This manifests itself primarily in negative emotions, attitudes and motivations, a lack of tax knowledge and compliance difficulties on the part of the taxpayer. In the context of start-ups, such communicative problems can cause liquidity outflows that threaten the existence of the company and thus have negative effects on both parties involved. Therefore, this thesis is dedicated to the holistic analysis of this communication process, the identification of potential barriers in this regard and the conception of optimisation approaches. For this purpose, the author adopts an interdisciplinary perspective from business administration, communication science and psychology.
Impact of Reflex Testing for BRAF Mutational Status in Advanced Melanoma
Authors: Tsang Matthew , Petkiewicz Stephanie
Published: March 2022

Context.—

The use of targeted therapy in patients with advanced, BRAF-mutated melanomas has necessitated timely access to BRAF mutational status in order for clinicians to proceed with treatment decisions.

Objective.—

To assess the impact of pathologist-initiated reflex BRAF testing in patients with advanced melanoma on laboratory turnaround time and time to systemic treatment.

Design.—

At our tertiary care center and 3 affiliated community hospitals, we implemented a guideline for pathologist-initiated reflex testing for BRAF mutational status in patients diagnosed with melanoma and positive lymph nodes or new diagnosis of a metastatic site. Retrospective review was performed for 65 cases of advanced melanoma for which BRAF testing was ordered, during a period inclusive of 6 months before and after guideline implementation.

Results.—

Implementation of reflex testing guidelines did not significantly affect the overall number of BRAF tests ordered for patients with melanoma. In cases with reflex testing compared to routine testing, total turnaround time was reduced by from 52.5 ± 5.6 to 18.6 ± 1.0 days (P < .001). In patients who received systemic therapy, without intentional delay by interval completion lymph node dissection (CLND), the use of reflex BRAF testing reduced time to systematic treatment from 71.7 ± 11.4 to 37.7 ± 4.6 days (P = .02). Time to systematic treatment was unchanged in those who underwent interval CLND (118.9 ± 10.9 versus 110.5 ± 22.5; P = .75).

Conclusions.—

These data support a recommendation for pathologist-initiated reflex testing of BRAF mutational status in advanced melanoma as a standard practice in pathology laboratories.
Fontes alternativas de nitrogênio para intensificação da produção do capim Zuri
Authors: Gonçalves Janine Mesquita , Peron Hugo Jayme Mathias Coelho , Costa Luis Carlos Dias
Published: March 2022

A intensificação de produção das pastagens no Brasil é altamente dependente da adubação nitrogenada. O objetivo foi avaliar a produtividade do capim Zuri, em manejo de cortes sucessivos, quando submetido ao consórcio com leguminosas forrageiras e incorporação de resíduos orgânicos em substituição à adubação com ureia. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos completos casualizados, com seis fontes de nitrogênio (ureia; esterco bovino; cama de frango; nabo forrageiro; amendoim forrageiro; calopogônio e soja perene), em quatro repetições. Os resíduos e a ureia foram aplicados no início do experimento e a semeadura das leguminosas forrageiras foi realizado no mesmo dia do capim. Foram realizados três cortes no capim, quando este atingiu 90 cm de altura. Avaliaram-se os seguintes parâmetros: altura, índice relativo de clorofilas, biomassa fresca e seca da parte aérea, concentração de nitrogênio, percentual de proteína e no terceiro corte, a quantidade de perfilhos e o perfilhamento. Observou-se também que houve boa produção do capim, expresso pelos índices de biomassa fresca e biomassa seca, bem como com a alta produção, independente do tratamento utilizado. É possível obter alta taxa de crescimento e desenvolvimento do capim Zuri, expresso pelo perfilhamento e produção de biomassa seca, com fornecimento de N com o uso de qualquer uma das fontes nitrogenadas utilizadas.
Adverse events following vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Jeon Minji , Jin Sol , Lee Jin-Young
Published: March 2022

To overcome the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, large-scale vaccination is proceeding worldwide. As of December 23, 2021, 10 novel vaccines against COVID-19 had been validated for use by the World Health Organization (WHO), including BNT162b2 (Pfizer/BioNTech), mRNA-1273 (Moderna), AZD1222 (AstraZeneca), and Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen). These novel vaccines against COVID-19 showed acceptable safety profiles in randomized clinical trials. Most adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) associated with these novel vaccines ranged from mild to moderate and improved within a few days after administration. However, serious adverse events associated with vaccines that were not observed in the clinical trials were reported in real-world data. Adverse events of special interest include not only anaphylaxis or neurologic disorders (such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, transverse myelitis, or seizure) but also myocarditis or pericarditis associated with the messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines and thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome associated with the adenovirus-vector vaccines. Although several fatal cases of serious AEFIs that may have been related to vaccination have been reported, it is recommended to continue vaccination because the benefits of vaccines’ preventive effects against COVID-19 outweigh the risks of rare serious adverse events. Long-term monitoring of various AEFIs and sharing of clinical experiences are necessary for safe and efficient large-scale vaccination.
Macrophage network dynamics depend on haptokinesis for optimal local surveillance
Authors: Paterson Neil , Lämmermann Tim
Published: March 2022

Macrophages are key immune cells with important roles for tissue surveillance in almost all mammalian organs. Cellular networks made up of many individual macrophages allow for optimal removal of dead cell material and pathogens in tissues. However, the critical determinants that underlie these population responses have not been systematically studied. Here, we investigated how cell shape and the motility of individual cells influences macrophage network responses in 3D culture settings and in mouse tissues. We show that surveying macrophage populations can tolerate lowered actomyosin contractility, but cannot easily compensate for a lack of integrin-mediated adhesion. Although integrins were dispensable for macrophage chemotactic responses, they were crucial to control cell movement and protrusiveness for optimal surveillance by a macrophage population. Our study reveals that β1 integrins are important for maintaining macrophage shape and network sampling efficiency in mammalian tissues, and sets macrophage motility strategies apart from the integrin-independent 3D migration modes of many other immune cell subsets.
Towards Understanding of User Perceptions for Smart Border Control Technologies using a Fine-Tuned Transformer Approach
Authors: Shaikh Sarang , Yayilgan Sule Yildirim , Zoto Erjon , Abomhara Mohamed
Published: March 2022

Smart Border Control (SBC) technologies became a hot topic in recent years when the European Union (EU) Commission announced the Smart Borders Package to improve the efficiency and security of the border crossing points (BCPs). Although, BCPs technologies have potential benefits in terms of enabling traveller' data processing, they still lead to acceptability and usability challenges when used by travelers. Success of technologies depends on user acceptance. Sentiment analysis is one of the primary techniques to measure user acceptance. Although, there exists variety of studies in literature where sentiment analysis has been used to understand user acceptance in different domains. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study where sentiment analysis has been used for measuring the user acceptance of SBC technologies. Thus, in this study, we propose a fine-tuned transformer model along with an automatic sentiment labels generation technique to perform sentiment analysis as a step towards getting insights into user acceptance of BCPs technologies. The results obtained in this study are promising; given the condition that there is no training data available from BCPs. The proposed approach was validated against IMDB reviews dataset and achieved weighted F1-score of 79% for sentiment analysis task.
Tilrettelegging for dybdelæring og helhetlig yrkeskompetanse i helsefagarbeiderutdanningen
Authors: Magnussen Kaija-Liisa , Sylte Ann Lisa
Published: March 2022

Mye av forskningen innenfor det profesjonspedagogiske og yrkespedagogiske fagfeltet viser store relevansproblemer. Her er det manglede koherens mellom teori og praksis, og mellom innholdet i utdanningen og den utøvende praksis i feltet. Samtidig legger læreplanreformen Fagfornyelsen 2020 mer vekt på dybdelæring og helhetlig yrkeskompetanse i opplæringen av helsefagarbeidere. Dette var bakgrunnen for en kvalitativ studie om hva som kan bidra til utvikling av dybdelæring og helhetlig yrkeskompetanse gjennom praksis i arbeidslivet for elever ved videregående trinn 2 (vg2) helsearbeiderfag (HFA). Forskningsspørsmålene handlet om hvilket innhold som kan utvikle elevers dybdelæring og helhetlige yrkeskompetanse, og hvordan praksis kan organiseres ved vg2 HFA, sett fra et arbeidsliv- og elevperspektiv. Empirigrunnlaget er basert på gruppeintervju av fire erfarne helsefagarbeidere som var praksisveiledere for elever i yrkespraksis, samt individuelle dybdeintervjuer av syv nyutdannede helsefagarbeidere fra ulike sykehjem (2018-2019). Resultatene viser mangel på koherens mellom skolen og arbeidslivet om hva som kjennetegner relevant innhold og organisering av praksisopplæringen ved vg2 HFA. Samtidig peker resultatene på viktigheten av innhold som vektlegger et helhetlig pasientsyn knyttet til yrkeskompetanse, i stedet for skoleoppgaver som vektlegger enkeltdisipliner og prosedyrer. Resultatene peker også på behov for en ny organisering av praksis, som innebærer et kollektivt ansvar for elevene på arbeidsplassen. Det fordi det gir bedre kontinuitet, samt bredere og mer varierte praksiserfaringer for elevene.
Aberrant Expression of CD19 in Early T-cell Precursor Lymphoblastic Leukemia- A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Mansoor Neelum , Maqsood Sidra , Shaikh Sumera
Published: March 2022

A systematic approach is required to diagnose acute leukemia. Most of the cases are satisfactorily diagnosed and categorized into subtypes. However, a few cases pose diagnostic dilemma secondary to immunophenotypic aberrancies which are defined as antigens that are normally restricted to a different lineage and expressed by a neoplastic population while absent from its normal non neoplastic counterpart. We report a rare case of Early T-cell Precursor Lymphoblastic Leukemia with aberrant expression of CD19. A 7-year-old boy referred to our hospital with his cervical lymph node biopsy reported as lymphoproliferative disorder. The patient was COVID-19 positive. Chest X-ray showed mild right sided pleural effusion with huge mediastinal mass. Flow cytometry on peripheral blood used to establish the diagnosis. The case is reported to improve knowledge regarding aberrant expression of markers. Hematopathology teams should be aware of this phenomenon so that appropriate workup can be done to reach correct diagnosis.
The Effectiveness of Hybrid Learning Model Using Ethno-STEM Approach to Develop Critical Thinking Skills (CrTS)
Authors: Reffiane Fine , min Sudar , anto Wiy , Saptono Sigit
Published: March 2022

Critical thinking skills (CrTS) are an important competency required to be taught in higher education. This research aimed to find out the Hybrid Learning model using Ethno-STEM (HLE-STEM) Approach effectiveness and practicality for empowering CrTS in the Science Education Development (PPIPA) course. The research method used in this study was a pretest-posttest control group design study with four themes in PP1PA courses. Ninety-one students were splitted into the control and experimental groups. The sample was drawn from a population of students enrolled in PPIPA courses at University of PGRI Semarang's Primary School Teacher Education Study Program for the 2020/2021 academic year. The results of the study indicated that the HLE-STEM model was practicable or applicable, as evidenced by lecturers and students’ activities belonging to good and excellent classification. The HLE-STEM model is rather effective in terms of empowerment. For even further research, The HLE-STEM model becomes another possible learning model which empowers CrTS at all school levels, particularly for providing prospective educators at the elementary school level.
Cell–cell adhesions in embryonic stem cells regulate the stability and transcriptional activity of β‐catenin
Authors: Bhattacharyya Sinjini , Mote Ridim D. , Freimer Jacob W. , Tiwari Mahak , Bansi Singh Surya , Arumugam Sandhya , Narayana Yadavalli V. , Rajan Raghav , Subramanyam Deepa
Published: March 2022

E‐cadherin (CDH1) is involved in maintaining cell–cell adhesions in embryonic stem cells (ESCs). However, its function in the context of cell fate decisions is largely unknown. Using mouse ESCs (mESCs), we demonstrate that E‐cadherin and β‐catenin interact at the membrane and continue to do so upon internalization within the cell. Cdh1−/− mESCs failed to form tight colonies, with altered differentiation, marker expression and retention of pluripotency factors during differentiation. Interestingly, Cdh1−/− mESCs showed dramatically reduced β‐catenin levels. Transcriptional profiling of Cdh1−/− mESCs displayed a significant alteration in the expression of a subset of β‐catenin targets in a cell state‐ and GSK3β‐dependent manner. Our findings hint at hitherto unknown roles played by E‐cadherin in regulating the activity of β‐catenin in ESCs.
High‐Temperature Copper–Graphene Conductors via Aerosol Jetting
Authors: Yu Jian , Khuje Saurabh , Sheng Aaron , Kilczewski Steven , Parker Thomas , Ren Shenqiang
Published: March 2022

Additive manufacturing is transforming electronics, attributed to the rapid‐prototyping of complex electronic geometries. Herein, aerosol jet printing of nanostructured copper on ceramics is reported, enabling high‐temperature hybridized conductors with the ampacity of 2.05 × 109 A m−2 and a negative temperature coefficient of −0.07% °C−1 when subjected to extreme thermal shock. The atomized material jetting results in a layer‐by‐layer transfer of copper nanoplates, which incorporate a graphene precursor, dopamine, to ensure uniform deposition of conductive materials. Incorporation of graphene in copper maintains the intrinsic electric conductivity of copper while enhancing its ampacity and thermal conductivity, as well as exhibiting a negative temperature coefficient. The mechanistic studies suggest that the graphene formed suppresses the grain growth of the crystallites of hybridized copper–graphene conductor at high temperature. This hybridized conductor through aerosol jet printing is capable of withstanding elevated temperatures and can be utilized for the electronics for harsh environments.
Light‐Driven Actuation in Synthetic Polymers: A Review from Fundamental Concepts to Applications
Authors: Bhatti Muhammad Rehan Asghar , Kernin Arnaud , Tausif Muhammad , Zhang Han , Papageorgiou Dimitrios , Bilotti Emiliano , Peijs Ton , Bastiaansen Cees W. M.
Published: March 2022

Light‐driven actuation of synthetic polymers is an emerging field of interest because it offers simple remote addressing without complicated hydraulic, electric, or magnetic systems. Reviews on this area predominantly emphasize on the development of mechanical motions like bending, twisting, folding, etc. However, the scientific and fundamental aspects of these materials are critical in order to expand applications and industrial relevance. Polymer actuators driven by light, not only comprise soft actuators (large deformations at low stress) but also include stiff actuators (high actuation stress at low strain). Synthetic polymeric materials with photo‐responsive additives together with underlying mechanisms, processing parameters, and final properties are required to broaden the scope of the field. In particular, parameters like actuation stress, actuation strain, and work capacity have been given limited attention in the past and are discussed extensively. This work gives a comprehensive critical review on all light‐driven synthetic polymer actuators, their actuating mechanisms, and materials. A holistic perspective together with an insight into future prospects can lead academia and industry toward future innovations and applications of these exciting functional materials.
Fully Light‐Modulated Organic Artificial Synapse with the Assistance of Ferroelectric Polarization
Authors: Ji Rongxue , Feng Guangdi , Jiang Chunli , Tian Bobo , Luo Chunhua , Lin Hechun , Tang Xiaodong , Peng Hui , Duan Chun‐Gang
Published: March 2022

Optoelectronic synapses integrating synaptic and sensing functions have great potential in visual information processing and neuromorphic computing. Here, an artificial optoelectronic synapse based on copper‐phthalocyanine (CuPc) and poly(vinylidene fluoridetrifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)) is reported. The fabricated two‐terminal device exhibits bidirectional responses to light pulses with different wavelengths, which endows the device the capability to implement both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic behaviors in an optical pathway. The introduction of P(VDF‐TrFE) greatly improves the performance of the device as an artificial synapse, because the ferroelectric polarization of P(VDF‐TrFE) can control the relaxation behavior of the device. After mimicking some basic functions of biological synapses, the device is successfully applied to simulate the action and relaxation process of nociceptors when suffering from external harmful stimuli.
Synthesis of Dibenzo[g,p]Chrysenes via Organophotocatalytic Sequential Single‐Electron Oxidation
Authors: Yamaguchi Eiji , Abe Ayaka , Itoh Akichika
Published: March 2022

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons such as dibenzo[g,p]chrysenes (DBCs) have recently attracted much attention in synthetic organic chemistry and materials chemistry, particularly as important structural motifs in functional materials for electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the preparation of DBCs and its derivatives generally requires multistep syntheses and the use of transition metal catalysts. This report describes a highly efficient method comprising a sequential single‐electron oxidative spirocyclization and 1,2‐aryl migration for the construction of DBCs. The combination of Mes‐Acr+ and diphenyldisulfide in the photocatalytic system enables a first single‐electron oxidation to occur preferentially at the more electron‐rich alkene moiety of a readily available starting material, followed by a second single‐electron oxidation after intramolecular spirocyclization. A variety of DBCs have been readily synthesized using the present methodology.
Copper‐Mediated Relay Strategy Using Chlorination/Oxidation: An Effective Synthesis of Functionalized Coumarin Derivatives
Authors: Muralidhar Baitinti , Victoria Govada Grace , Kumar K. Shiva , Reddy Sabbasani Rajasekhara
Published: March 2022

Chromene‐fused heterocyclic compounds have shown fascinating biological and physiochemical properties and thus, the design and development of chromene‐fused heterocyclic molecules is of significant interest in the field of synthetic organic chemistry. We report an innovative ligand‐ and additive‐free synthetic approach of 4‐(phenylethynyl)‐2H‐chromene‐3‐carbaldehyde with phenylacetylenes has been described through sequential chlorination, benzannulation, benzylic sp3 C−H bond functionalization, and ether oxidation for the formation of chloro‐substituted‐9‐phenyl‐6H‐benzo[c]chromen‐6‐ones with readily available chemicals under one‐pot, base‐free conditions using CuCl2 as sustainable catalyst. In this regioselective approach, we defined a reasonably longer cascade, which reveals the multiple role of chlorine as chlorine supplier, Lewis acid catalyst and oxidation rate promoter that tolerates a broad substrate scope and allows good product yields. The authenticated mechanism proceeds in a cascading fashion through the formation of multiple bonds.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Stagewise Strain‐Release‐Driven C−C Activation of Bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl Alcohols
Authors: Yu Songjie , Ai Yinan , Hu Lingfei , Lu Gang , Duan Chunying , Ma Yue
Published: March 2022

A palladium‐catalyzed chemoselective coupling of readily available bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanyl alcohols (BCP−OH) with various halides is reported, which offers expedient approaches to a wide range of cyclobutanone and β,γ‐enone skeletons via single or double C−C activation. The chemistry shows a broad substrate scope in terms of both the range of BCP−OH and halides including a series of natural product derivatives. Moreover, dependency of reaction chemodivergence on base additive has been investigated through experimental and density functional theory (DFT) studies, which is expected to significantly enrich the reaction modes and increase the synthetic potential of BCP−OH in preparing more complex molecules.
Design and Synthesis of a Zeolitic Organic Framework**
Authors: Liu Yaozu , Chen Pohua , Wang Yujie , Suo Jinquan , Ding Jiehua , Zhu Liangkui , Valtchev Valentin , Yan Yushan , Qiu Shilun , Sun Junliang , Fang Qianrong
Published: March 2022

The development of novel zeolite‐like materials with large channel windows and high stability is of importance but remains a tremendous challenge. Herein, we report the first example of a 3D covalent organic framework with zeolitic network, namely the zeolitic organic framework (ZOF). By combining two kinds of tetrahedral building blocks with fixed or relatively free bond angles, ZOF‐1 with the zeoliticcrbnet has been successfully synthesized. Its structure was determined by the single‐crystal 3D electron diffraction technique. Remarkably, ZOF‐1 shows high chemical stability, large pore size (up to 16 Å), and excellent specific surface area (≈2785 m2 g−1), which is superior to its analogues with the same network, including traditional aluminosilicate zeolites and zeolitic imidazole frameworks. This study thus opens a new avenue to construct zeolite‐like materials with pure organic frameworks and will promote their potential applications in adsorption and catalysis for macromolecules.
Efficient Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation Upconversion Sensitized by a Chromium(III) Complex via an Underexplored Energy Transfer Mechanism
Authors: Wang Cui , Reichenauer Florian , Kitzmann Winald R. , Kerzig Christoph , Heinze Katja , Resch‐Genger Ute
Published: March 2022

Sensitized triplet‐triplet annihilation upconversion (sTTA‐UC) mainly relies on precious metal complexes thanks to their high intersystem crossing (ISC) efficiencies, excited state energies, and lifetimes, while complexes of abundant first‐row transition metals are only rarely utilized and with often moderate UC quantum yields. [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ (bpmp=2,6‐bis(2‐pyridylmethyl)pyridine) containing earth‐abundant chromium possesses an absorption band suitable for green light excitation, a doublet excited state energy matching the triplet energy of 9,10‐diphenyl anthracene (DPA), a close to millisecond excited state lifetime, and high photostability. Combined ISC and doublet‐triplet energy transfer from excited [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ to DPA gives 3DPA with close‐to‐unity quantum yield. TTA of 3DPA furnishes green‐to‐blue UC with a quantum yield of 12.0 % (close to the theoretical maximum). Sterically less‐hindered anthracenes undergo a [4+4] cycloaddition with [Cr(bpmp)2]3+ and green light.
Synthesis of Atropisomeric Two‐Axis Systems by the Catalyst‐Controlled syn‐ and anti‐Selective Arene‐Forming Aldol Condensation
Authors: Moser Daniel , Sparr Christof
Published: March 2022

Simultaneous control over the configuration of multiple stereocenters is accomplished by numerous catalytic methods, providing a reliable basis for the synthesis of stereochemically complex targets in isomerically defined form. In contrast, addressing the configurations of multiple stereogenic axes with diastereodivergent catalyst control is thus far only possible by stepwise approaches. Herein we now describe that all four stereoisomers of atropisomeric two‐axis systems are directly tractable by assembling a central aromatic unit of teraryls through an arene‐forming aldol condensation. By using cinchona alkaloid‐based ion‐pairing catalysts, the four feasible reaction pathways are differentiated from identical substrates under defined basic conditions without preactivation, thus enabling complete stereodivergence with enantioselectivities of up to 99 : 1 e.r.
Ferrocene‐modified imidazoles: One‐pot oxalyl chloride‐assisted synthesis, HPLC enantiomeric resolution, and in vivo antitumor effects
Authors: Snegur Lubov V. , Rodionov Alexey N. , Ostrovskaya Larissa A. , Ilyin Mikhail M. , Simenel Alexander A.
Published: March 2022

Highlights on the development of ferrocene biochemistry in Russia since the 1950s are given. Here, avoiding high‐toxic precursors, ferrocene‐based imidazoles and benzimidazoles (16 compounds) were synthesized in good to high yields via the reaction of the α‐(hydroxy)alkyl ferrocenes with modified heterocycles using oxalyl chloride to activate imidazole system. Mild conditions (room temperature, chloroform, stirring for up to 1.5 h) allowed preparing a number of various ferrocene‐containing imidazoles, which are promising as antitumor agents. The analytical HPLC method was successfully applied to enantioseparation of the resulting ferrocene enantiomers (Chiralcel OD column). Antitumor activities of the preparing compounds against murine solid tumours such as Acatol adenocarcinoma and Ca755 carcinoma have been studied in vivo. Some of the tested compounds have been strong effective against Acatol adenocarcinoma. The value of the tumour growth inhibition coefficient was about 90% versus control in this strain.
Synthesis of cross‐linked composite membranes by functionalization of single‐walled carbon nanotubes with 1,4‐butane sultone and sulfanilic acid for fuel cell
Authors: Munavalli Balappa B. , Hegde Sachin N. , Kariduraganavar Mahadevappa Y.
Published: March 2022

The materialistic viability of proton exchange membrane fuel cells predominantly depends on the membrane properties. Thus, in this paper, an emphasis was made on the preparation of cross‐linked composite electrolyte membranes. Primarily, a terpolymer was synthesized by employing monomers of phenolphthalein, 4,4′‐diflorobenzophenone, and sodium 5,5′‐carbonyl bis(2‐fluorobenzene‐sulfonate). To enhance the mechanical characteristics of the terpolymer, it was cross‐linked with bisphenol‐A diglycidyl ether. Furthermore, to boost the performance of the fuel cell of the cross‐linked terpolymer electrolyte, two different sulfonated single‐walled carbon nanotubes were incorporated into cross‐linked terpolymer matrix and the resulting developed electrolytes, respectively, denoted as Bu‐singe‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and Su‐SWCNTs membranes. The physico‐chemical characteristics of the successive electrolytes were tested using discrete techniques. Across the series of membranes, the proton conductivity of the 12 mass% of Bu‐SWCNTs and Su‐SWCNTs varied cross‐linked composite membrane was found to be 0.131 and 0.126 S cm−1 at 80 °C with a relative humidity of 100%. Similarly, the performance of the fuel cell examination ascertained the highest power density of 0.43 and 0.39 W cm−2 for the same membranes. These results are superior to the commercially available Nafion® 117 membrane. Thereby, the above‐mentioned cross‐linked composite membranes might be utilized as constructive applicants for the fuel cell.
Prediction value with a novel and accurate tissue‐based human papillomavirus detection method in low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Wang He , He Zheng , Han Xue , Zhang Deyu , Zhang Shitai
Published: March 2022

Background

The progression rate from CIN1 to CIN3 is 9.0% and that for invasive cancer is 1.0%. The large majority of CIN1 lesions regress spontaneously, and the treatment of CIN1 is still controversial.

Aims

The aim of this study is to investigate the responsible HPV genotype in the low‐grade SILs, then to predict the presence of high‐grade SILs, and determine whether further treatment is needed.

Methods

We use the methods of manual microdissection with FFPE tissue specimens and the E6/E7 uniplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect HPV in the lesions.

Results

The HPV test was performed on 72 biopsy tissue specimens, and 55 (76.4%, 55/72) of them were HPV positive. Nine (16.4%, 9/55) of them escalated to CIN2 after LEEP or cervical conization, and 46 (83.6%, 46/55) were still CIN1. There were 17 (23.6%, 17/72) cases with HPV‐negative results in cervical biopsy tissues.

HPV test of cervical biopsy diagnosed with CIN1 has a positive predictive value of 16.4% in the presence of CIN2 or higher lesions, a negative predictive value of 94.1%, a specificity of 25.8%, and a sensitivity of 90.0%. HPV test of cervical biopsy tissues for the prediction of HPV infection in LEEP or cone surgery tissues had a positive predictive value of 80.0%, a negative predictive value of 82.3%, a specificity of 56.0%, and a sensitivity of 93.6%.

Conclusions

It is the first time that we have detected HPV genotype in the low‐grade SILs by the methods of manual microdissection with FFPE tissue specimens and the E6/E7 uniplex PCR. Patients with cervical biopsy tissue diagnosed with CIN1 and with a negative or only low‐risk HPV type result can be considered for follow‐up. Conversely, in cases of cervical biopsy tissue diagnosed with CIN1 positive for high‐risk HPV, surgery or a close follow‐up program can be selected.
Changes in parents' psychotropic medication use following child's cancer diagnosis: A fixed‐effects register‐study in Finland
Authors: Metsä‐Simola Niina S. , Remes Hanna M. , Hiltunen Elina M. , Martikainen Pekka T.
Published: March 2022

Background

Symptoms of depression and anxiety are elevated among parents of children with cancer. However, knowledge of parents' psychotropic medication use following child's cancer diagnosis is scarce.

Methods

We use longitudinal Finnish register data on 3266 mothers and 2687 fathers whose child (aged 0–19) was diagnosed with cancer during 2000–2016. We record mothers' and fathers' psychotropic medication use (at least one annual purchase of anxiolytics, hypnotics, sedatives, or antidepressants) 5 years before and after the child's diagnosis and assess within‐individual changes in medication use by time since diagnosis, cancer type, child's age, presence of siblings, and parent's living arrangements and education using linear probability models with the individual fixed‐effects estimator. The fixed‐effects models compare each parent's annual probability of psychotropic medication use after diagnosis to their annual probability of medication use during the 5‐year period before the diagnosis.

Results

Psychotropic medication use was more common among mothers than fathers already before the child's diagnosis, 11.2% versus 7.3%. Immediately after diagnosis, psychotropic medication use increased by 6.0 (95% CI 4.8–7.2) percentage points among mothers and by 3.2 (CI 2.1–4.2) percentage points among fathers. Among fathers, medication use returned to pre‐diagnosis level by the second year, except among those whose child was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoblastic lymphoma. Among mothers of children with a central nervous system cancer, medication use remained persistently elevated during the 5‐year follow‐up. For mothers with other under‐aged children or whose diagnosed child was younger than 10 years, the return to pre‐diagnosis level was also slow.

Conclusions

Having a child with cancer clearly increases parents' psychotropic medication use. The increase is smaller and more short‐lived among fathers, but among mothers its duration depends on both cancer type and family characteristics. Our results suggest that an increased care burden poses particular strain to the long‐term mental well‐being of mothers.
Pregnancy outcomes related to the treatment of sarcomas with anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide during pregnancy
Authors: Miller Devon , Livingston John A. , Park Yeonhee , Posey Kristi , Godbole Sonia , Skubitz Keith , Robinson Steven I. , Agulnik Mark , Davis Lara E. , Van Tine Brian A. , Hirbe Angela C. , Parkes Amanda
Published: March 2022

Background

Sarcomas are rare diagnoses but are seen with relative frequency in adolescents and young adults and thus can present in pregnancy. We sought to study the administration of anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide in pregnancy‐associated sarcomas.

Patients and Methods

We conducted a multi‐institutional retrospective study, identifying sarcoma patients who received anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide during pregnancy. Chart review identified variables related to demographics, cancer diagnosis, therapies, and outcome of the patient and fetus. Wilcoxon rank‐sum test compared two independent samples.

Results

We identified 13 patients at seven institutions with sarcoma who received anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide during pregnancy, including four bone sarcomas and nine soft tissue sarcomas diagnosed at a mean gestational age of 16.7 ± 5.9 weeks. Only nine patients had live births (9/13, 69.2%), with mean gestational age of 30.8 ± 3.8 weeks at delivery. The four patients with pregnancy loss all received both doxorubicin and ifosfamide, with chemotherapy initiated at 15.5 weeks as compared with 21.3 weeks for those patients with live births (p = 0.016).

Conclusion

In this multi‐institutional study of sarcoma chemotherapy regimens administered during pregnancy, we found a high rate of fetal demise that was seen only in patients receiving both doxorubicin and ifosfamide and statistically more likely with chemotherapy initiation earlier in the second trimester. While limited by a small sample size, our study represents the largest study of sarcoma patients that received anthracyclines and/or ifosfamide in pregnancy thus far reported and supports development of an international registry to study concerns raised by our study.
Listening to children's voices in UK sports clubs: A Foucauldian analysis
Authors: Everley Suzanne
Published: March 2022

Organisations funded by Sport England or UK Sport must work towards achieving standards for safeguarding and protecting children in sport as set by the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children's Child Protection in Sport Unit (CPSU) and encourage a culture of listening to children. The present research was commissioned by the NSPCC CPSU to understand the practices of UK sports clubs regarding this objective. An electronic questionnaire was distributed through the national governing bodies of sport working with the CPSU. Some 64 clubs/squads representing 6,000+ juniors (under 18 years) responded. Quantitative data were analysed using simple statistics and qualitative data were themed utilising Foucault's theory of power and following Braun and Clark's six‐phase guide. Discourse, hierarchical judgement and docility were considered with reference to formal management and cultural environments. Semantic and latent themes were explored. The themes identified were: expectation awareness, reframing voice and preserving discourse. Clubs recognise the value of listening to children. However, existing power relations valorise adult knowledge fields over the experiences of juniors. Technology could provide an effective solution as it is remote, potentially anonymous and culturally accessible. As power is a productive force, problematisation of organisational culture could centralise children's voices and limit/prevent abuse.
Electronic Effect or Underpotentially Deposited Hydrogen? Insights into the effect of Pb on formic acid electro‐oxidation on Pt
Authors: Roychowdhury Dwaipayan , Veenu  , Ranjan Chinmoy
Published: March 2022

Formic acid is a promising energy carrier. Electrochemical formic acid oxidation can serve as an important reaction within fuel cells. Although Pt remains the best‐known catalyst, surface adatoms like Pb have been known to promote formic acid electro‐oxidation significantly. We have carried out first principle‐based calculations, bonding analysis, and experiments to provide insights for this enhancement. Results show that upon adsorption of Pb on the Pt surface, an upshift of Pt energy levels above the Fermi energy is observed, which in general influences the binding energy of the adsorbates. Reaction free energy vs. electrochemical potential diagrams were constructed to understand the interaction of formic acid and water with Pt and Pb‐modified Pt surfaces. Electrochemical experiments indicating the underpotentially deposited hydrogen (Hupd) region and potential‐dependent apparent activation energies indicate that Hupd suppression has an important role to play in the formic acid oxidation reaction. The suppression of the Hupd region on Pb‐modified Pt surface results in free Pt sites that can carry out direct formic acid oxidation to CO2.
High‐Efficiency and Long‐life Synergetic Dual‐Oxide/Zeolite Catalyst for Direct Conversion of Syngas into Aromatics
Authors: Fang Yue , Sheng Haibing , Huang Zhen , Yue Yinghong , Hua Weiming , Shen Wei , Xu Hualong
Published: March 2022

Direct conversion of syngas to aromatics over metal oxide‐zeolite (OX‐ZEO) composite catalysts is a novel route for efficient utilization of carbon resources. To realize a high activity with considerable selectivity to aromatics and stability, the design of synergetic OX‐ZEO catalyst to meet complex kinetics still remains a great challenge. In this work, a synergetic dual‐oxide/zeolite catalyst was developed to tune the coupling between CO and H2 activation through active H species migration, by adopting ZnZrOx oxide with stable single‐layer Zn−O structure for H2 activation and CeZrOx oxide with abundant oxygen vacancies as the CO activation component. The ratio and the proximity of CeZrOx and ZnZrOx is essential for the catalyst activity and stability. The optimal catalyst 1CeZrOx‐2ZnZrOx/Z5@Si shows a superior catalytic performance with 75.6 % aromatics selectivity at a CO conversion as high as 57.5 %. After induction period, the catalyst exhibits excellent stability for 1100 h, keeping the high selectivity above 75 % with an average conversion of 43 %. This work will provide a new perspective to design a high performance and long‐life OX‐ZEO composite catalyst for direct conversion of syngas to high value chemicals.
Allergen immunotherapy during the COVID‐19 pandemic—A survey of the German Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Authors: Pfaar Oliver , Hamelmann Eckard , Klimek Ludger , Taube Christian , Vogelberg Christian , Wagenmann Martin , Werfel Thomas , Worm Margitta
Published: March 2022

Background

When the coronavirus pandemic 2019 (COVID‐19) emerged, concerns were also raised regarding the safety of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). The German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) conducted a survey to collect real‐world data on the daily routine of administering subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) and sublingual AIT (SLIT) during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

A web‐based retrospective survey using the online platform survio with 26 standardized questions was used to survey physicians treating allergic patients during the pandemic.

Results

Three hundred and forty‐five physicians who regularly offer and perform AIT in German‐speaking countries responded to the questions. 70.4% of the respondents stated that they regularly initiated and dosed up SCIT for inhalant allergies (41.4% venom‐SCIT, 73.6% SLIT), and 85.2% of the respondents stated that they continued SCIT for inhalant allergies during the maintenance phase in a regular way (59.1% venom‐SCIT, 90.4% SLIT) in healthy patients without current symptoms indicating an infection with COVID‐19. With regard to tolerability, there was no evidence for increased occurrence of adverse events in patients without current symptoms of COVID‐19 infection during the pandemic.

Conclusions

This retrospective study demonstrated adherence to national and international position papers of AIT during the COVID‐19 pandemic in German‐speaking countries. Besides, the survey has confirmed a good tolerability of AIT for both SCIT and SLIT.
Non‐Newtonian blood rheology impacts left atrial stasis in patient‐specific simulations
Authors: Gonzalo Alejandro , García‐Villalba Manuel , Rossini Lorenzo , Durán Eduardo , Vigneault Davis , Martínez‐Legazpi Pablo , Flores Oscar , Bermejo Javier , McVeigh Elliot , Kahn Andrew M. , del Alamo Juan C.
Published: March 2022

The lack of mechanically effective contraction of the left atrium (LA) during atrial fibrillation (AF) disturbs blood flow, increasing the risk of thrombosis and ischemic stroke. Thrombosis is most likely in the left atrial appendage (LAA), a small narrow sac where blood is prone to stagnate. Slow flow promotes the formation of erythrocyte aggregates in the LAA, also known as rouleaux, causing viscosity gradients that are usually disregarded in patient‐specific simulations. To evaluate these non‐Newtonian effects, we built atrial models derived from 4D computed tomography scans of patients and carried out computational fluid dynamics simulations using the Carreau–Yasuda constitutive relation. We examined six patients, three of whom had AF and LAA thrombosis or a history of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). We modeled the effects of hematocrit and rouleaux formation kinetics by varying the parameterization of the Carreau–Yasuda relation and modulating non‐Newtonian viscosity changes based on residence time. Comparing non‐Newtonian and Newtonian simulations indicates that slow flow in the LAA increases blood viscosity, altering secondary swirling flows and intensifying blood stasis. While some of these effects are subtle when examined using instantaneous metrics like shear rate or kinetic energy, they are manifested in the blood residence time, which accumulates over multiple heartbeats. Our data also reveal that LAA blood stasis worsens when hematocrit increases, offering a potential new mechanism for the clinically reported correlation between hematocrit and stroke incidence. In summary, we submit that hematocrit‐dependent non‐Newtonian blood rheology should be considered when calculating patient‐specific blood stasis indices by computational fluid dynamics.
LUNG group 2 innate lymphoid cells as a new adjuvant target to enhance intranasal vaccine efficacy against influenza
Authors: Williams Clare M , Roy Sreeja , Sun Wei , Furuya Andrea M , Wijesundara Danushka K , Furuya Yoichi
Published: March 2022

Group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) are a relatively new class of innate immune cells. Lung ILC2 are early responders that secrete type 2 cytokines in response to danger ‘alarmin’ signals such as interleukin (IL)‐33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin. Being an early source of type 2 cytokines, ILC2 are a critical regulator of type 2 immune cells of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The immune regulatory functions of ILC2 were mostly investigated in diseases where T helper 2 inflammation predominates. However, in recent years, it has been appreciated that the role of ILC2 extends to other pathological conditions such as cancer and viral infections. In this review, we will focus on the potential role of lung ILC2 in the induction of mucosal immunity against influenza virus infection and discuss the potential utility of ILC2 as a target for mucosal vaccination.