bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Drug Addicts: Psychosocial Factor Contributing to Relapse
Authors: Azmi Alia Ashrani , Hussin H. , Ishak Siti Intan Diyana , Daud@Fhiri Nur Suriaty
Published: February 2018

This article present about relapse among drug addicts in rehabilitation center. In Malaysia, many drug addicts relapse to drug use after discharged from successful treatment at rehabilitation center. Various effort and the authorities involved in assisting the National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA) efforts to cure and treat drug addicts. This article aims to examine the factors that affect relapse among drug addicts. Therefore, this article will discuss aspects of psychosocial factors including self-efficacy, family support, friends support and community support. Psychosocial factors, such as aspects of self-efficacy, family support, friends support and community support, had significant relationships with relapse. Psychological factors are also vital to design adequate treatment strategies. Thus, this article evaluating psychosocial factor as main factors that influenced the relapse addictions tendency amongst addicts.
Religiosity and Volunteering Intention among Undergraduate Malaysian Muslim Students
Authors: Ali Sallam Abdullah AbdulElah , Abdullah Shuhairimi , Ramli Abdul Jalil , Hussin N. S. , Ahmad Z , Bahari Azizan
Published: February 2018

This paper deals with the question: To what extent do religiosity characteristics, contribute to the influence of volunteering intention among Malaysian Muslim students during disasters? To answer this research question, we focused the students in public universities. The finding concerns found that religiosity increases the likelihood of volunteering intention, implying that religious affiliation of youth increases the likelihood of volunteering. This is in line with previous research, that religious attendance is related positively to volunteering. These results confirm the idea that support of the religious attributes community plays quite a large role in volunteering process.. However, it a bear that volunteering is not only dependent on religious community, but also on individual motivation.
Promoting Social Entrepreneurship among Entrepreneur with Disabilities in Contribution for Community
Authors: Rozali Norhasyikin , Abdullah Shuhairimi , Jamaluddin Jamsari , Ramil Abdul Jalil , Hussin Noor Salwani , Ahmad Aida Zainab
Published: February 2018

Looking forward of the uniqueness social entrepreneurship (SE) new phenomena born from entrepreneurships felid. Because of that it is a new step point for the entrepreneur with disabilities (EWD) to be part of social entrepreneurship environments. Where SE, link the positive impact for society creating by entrepreneur that understand that social problem give a big opportunities for profit or nonprofit activity that can be solve creatively. This give a lot of advantage of EWD to contributes to community in the term of “social impact”. This conceptual paper maps SE and EWD in contribution to community with the important role play by stakeholder in promoting SE. This conceptualization enhances understanding of EWD in SE and clear picture of role play by stakeholder give chances for EWD contributes to community.
I6-FPS: Automating the ICMPv6 Filtering Rules
Authors: Wan Ali Wan Nor Ashiqin , Mat Taib Abidah , Syed Idrus Syed Zulkarnain
Published: February 2018

Enterprises are required to utilize Internet Control Message Protocol version 6 (ICMPv6) when IPv6 is deployed. In IPv4, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) is aggressively filtered by a network administrator while in IPv6, ICMPv6 messages cannot be aggressively filtered due to the function of ICMPv6 message. ICMPv6 security risks increase when ICMPv6 threats and vulnerabilities are exploited. Thus, it is very crucial for enterprises to address the issues. In practice, network researchers must review several resources to identify ICMPv6 related attacks occurring due to the exploitation of ICMPv6 vulnerabilities. Overlooking any of these issues will jeopardize the security of ICMPv6. While conducting the attack scenarios testing, IPv6-Filtering Prototype System (I6-FPS) was developed to overcome the deficiency and limited filtering tools that supported IPv6 filtering rules (ip6table). I6-FPS is used to automate and simplify the writing of ip6table and it was developed using PHP5 and Shell script languages. This research revealed that I6-FPS is significant in the initial phase of securing IPv6 deployment as well as focusing on the ICMPv6 filtering rules. The I6-FPS has the potential to be enhanced and developed over time by including more functions to that system in generating specific filtering ip6table rules.
Effects of Land Cover Changes to the Quantity of Water Supply and Hydrologic Cycle using Water Balance Models
Authors: Caja CC , Ibunes NL , Paril JA , Reyes AR , Nazareno JP , Monjardin CE , Uy FA
Published: February 2018

The hydrologic cycle is a recurring consequence of different forms of movement of water and changes of its physical state on a given area of the earth. The land cover of a certain area is a significant factor affecting the watershed hydrology. This also affects the quantity of water supply within the watershed. This study assessed the impacts of the changing land cover of the Ipo watershed, a part of the Angat-Ipo-La Mesa water system which is the main source of Metro Manila’s water supply. The environmental impacts were assessed using the interaction of vegetation cover changes and the output flow rates in Ipo watershed. Using hydrologic modelling system, the hydrological balance using rainfall, vegetation and terrain data of the watershed was simulated. Over the years, there has been a decreasing land cover within the watershed caused mostly by deforestation and other human activities. This significant change in the land cover resulted to extreme increase in water discharge at all streams and rivers in the watershed and the water balance of the area were affected as saturation and shape of the land terrain changes.
Antioxidant and Total Phenolic Content of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) Leaves
Authors: Leng Lee Yit , Nadzri Nuramira binti , Yee Khor Chu , Abdul Razak Norawanis binti , Shaari Abdul Razak
Published: February 2018

This work aims to determine antioxidant, total phenolic content and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of breadfruit leaves which are essential in management of diabetes. The methanolic extracts of breadfruit leaves was used to analyze for total phenolic content and antioxidant. Total phenolic content of the extracts was measured using the Folin–Ciocalteu assay while the antioxidant activity of plant extracts was measured by the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryhyradrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. FTIR analysis was used to determine the chemical components in the leaves. Total phenolic content in fresh breadfruit leaves (144.16 mg/g ± 17.98) was comparable to those of green tea. The results showed the breadfruit leaves extracts exhibited potent antioxidant activity. The presence of OH group also suggests antioxidant capacity of breadfruit leaves to deactivate free radicals as glucose itself could react with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron and copper ions to form hydroxyl radical.
Significant Correlation Study between Cause and Effect of Hand Arm Vibration Exposure among Grass Cutters
Authors: Azmir N.A. , Ali M.H. , Yahya M.N. , Zaman I. , Zainulabidin M.H. , Madlan M.A. , Ismon M. , Kasron M.Z.
Published: February 2018

Prolonged exposures to hand-transmitted vibrations from grass-cutting machines have been associated with increasing occurrences of signs of occupational diseases related to the hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS). However, there are no specific studies available that cover the health cause-effects of the hand arm vibration risk factors during onsite operations. Therefore, the main objectives of this study are to determine the significant correlation of the objective and subjective measurement variables of the hand arm vibration exposure on hand arm vibration symptoms and disorders. The study was conducted for evaluation of the cause and effect for categorical and continuous variables. Significant sub symptoms element consists of neurological, vascular, musculoskeletal and awareness. Meanwhile, significant sub disorder element consists of loss of hand grip strength and finger blanching that induces to HAVS. The highest correlation significant variable was worked repeatedly done with the forearms and hand with uncomfortable hand position or grip with the value of 0.431. Thus, the cause and effect able to monitor health condition particularly at workers hand due to hand-transmitted vibrations among grass cutters.
Electromagnetic Properties Performance of MWCNTs/Polyester Composites in X-band
Authors: Lee Y. S. , Wee F. H. , You K. Y. , Lee C. Y. , Lee Y. Y. , Zahid L. , Ramli Nur Hidayah , Shakhirul M. S. , Idris Nurulbariah , Cheng E. M.
Published: February 2018

In this paper presents nano-composites based on polyester (PE) matrix with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as fillers have been developed for microwave absorbing materials. The MWCNTs/PE composite samples were fabricated with different weight ratio of MWCNTs (3 wt%, 5 wt%, and 10 wt%). The electromagnetic properties of different MWCNTs/PE composite have been determined by using rectangular waveguide technique and Agilent material measurement software. Moreover, the reflection loss (microwave absorption) of MWCNTs/PE composite have been calculated based on the basis of transmission line theory. The performance of electromagnetic properties and microwave absorption of MWCNTs/PE composite were analyzed in X-band frequency. The dielectric loss properties of the composite are increse with increasing in MWCNTs weight ratio. The microwave absorption results show that such 3 wt% MWCNTs/PE composites sample with 4 mm thickness has achieved less than -10 dB values (< 90 % microwave absorption) of reflection loss.
Determining The Optimal Mix of Institutional Geopolitical Power And ASEAN Corporate Governance on the Firm Value of Malaysia’s Multinational Corporations (MNCs)
Authors: Wan Sallha Yusoff , Wuri Handayani , Mohd. Sazli Saad , Mohd. Fairuz Md. Salleh
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between institutional geopolitics, ASEAN corporate governance quality and the firm value of Malaysia’s multinational corporation (MNC). We used the data of MNCs in Malaysia that were active from 2009 to 2013 as an evidence of MNCs from emerging market economies. Descriptive analysis, factor analysis and panel data analysis have been utilized to test the equation model. We also propose optimization analysis by using differential evolution method to capture the optimal mix of institutional geopolitics and ASEAN_CG on the firm value of MNC. Results reveal that the geopolitics of G7(Canada, France, German, Italy, Japan, Europe, and the United States), BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa), and ASEAN (Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam, and Malaysia) are highly correlated with the firm value of Malaysia’s MNC. The power of institutional geopolitics, namely, military, material, and social power, influences firm value negatively and ASEAN_CG moderate the negative influence of institutional geopolitics on the firm value of MNC. Thus, it is importance for corporate management to understand the geopolitical changes of host countries’ and increase the compliance of ASEAN_CG in formulating their market value and segmentation strategies.
Investigation of Empirical Wave Propagation Models in Precision Agriculture
Authors: Sabri N. , S Mohammed S. , Fouad Sarah , A Syed A. , AL-Dhief Fahad Taha , Raheemah Auda
Published: February 2018

Wireless Sensor Networks have highly proved its contribution in precision agriculture. Communication channel modelling investigation is a highly demanded to achieve a successful communication system where a good wave propagation model is crucially needed. Precision agriculture degrades the traveling waves in various forms in addition to the effects of the large-scale path losses models. This paper reviews the most known theoretical large-scale path losses models such as free space (FSPL) and Plane earth (PE) models as well as the vegetation models represented by Weissberger, ITU-R, FITU-R and COS235 models. Indeed, this work illustrates the effects of many factors on the total path losses such as separation distance between transceivers, antenna heights and the depth of vegetation that presence in the path propagation. In conclusion, the total path loss is computed based on large-scale path losses and the vegetation losses in protected vegetation environment.
Comparison between Edge Detection Methods on UTeM Unmanned Arial Vehicles Images
Authors: Othman Zuraini , Ahmad Asmala , Kasmin Fauziah , Syed Ahmad Sharifah Sakinah , Abu Sari Mohd Yazid , Mustapha Muhammad Amin
Published: February 2018

Machine vision calls for the use of detectors to ascertain the features and type of object portrayed in the image. The employment of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), which can function freely in active and precarious settings, is currently gaining momentum. These vehicles are mainly used for the detecting, classifying and tracking of an object. However, the achievement of these objectives necessitates the involvement of an effective edge detection procedure. Sobel, Canny, Prewitt and LoG are among the many edge detection procedures presently available. In this endeavour, we opted for the utilization of UTeM UAVs images for an evaluation of these edge detection procedures. During our investigations, the ground truth edge images were corroborated by a specialist in this field. The results obtained from these investigations revealed that in terms of accuracy, precision, sensitivity and f-measure, the Prewitt procedure outperforms the other methods mentioned.
Curve Reconstruction In Different Cubic Functions Using Differential Evolution
Authors: Abu Hasan Zabidi , Yahya Zainor Ridzuan , Rusdi Nur Afifah , Roslan Nurshazneem
Published: February 2018

This paper discusses the comparison on using two types of curves for curve reconstruction. Differential Evolution (DE) is used to optimize the parameter in the related spline function. DE minimized the Sum Square Error (SSE) to find the best curve that fit the data. The two curves namely cubic Bézier and cubic Ball is used for comparison purposes. For the curve reconstruction, the cubic Ball consumes less calculation time compare to cubic Bézier and gives better curve approximation based on the errors result. Visualization and numerical comparison shall be given.
Thermal Radiation Effects on MHD with Flow Heat and Mass Transfer in Casson Nanofluid over A Stretching Sheet
Authors: Kho Yap Bing , Hussanan Abid , Sarif Norhafizah Mohd , Ismail Zulkhibri , Salleh Mohd Zuki
Published: February 2018

The boundary layer heat and mass transfer flow of Casson nanofluid over a stretching sheet with constant wall temperature (CWT) under the magnetic field and thermal radiation effects is investigated numerically. Using similarity transformations, the governing equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). These equations are solved numerically by Shooting method. The effects of Casson parameter, magnetic parameter, porosity parameter, radiation parameter, Prandtl number, Brownian parameter and thermophoresis parameter on velocity, temperature and concentration fields are shown graphically and discussed. The results show that increase in Casson parameter causes the wall temperature increase well in the nanofluid.
A probabilistic approach to the drag-based model
Authors: Napoletano Gianluca , Forte Roberta , Moro Dario Del , Pietropaolo Ermanno , Giovannelli Luca , Berrilli Francesco
Published: February 2018

The forecast of the time of arrival (ToA) of a coronal mass ejection (CME) to Earth is of critical importance for our high-technology society and for any future manned exploration of the Solar System. As critical as the forecast accuracy is the knowledge of its precision, i.e. the error associated to the estimate. We propose a statistical approach for the computation of the ToA using the drag-based model by introducing the probability distributions, rather than exact values, as input parameters, thus allowing the evaluation of the uncertainty on the forecast. We test this approach using a set of CMEs whose transit times are known, and obtain extremely promising results: the average value of the absolute differences between measure and forecast is 9.1h, and half of these residuals are within the estimated errors. These results suggest that this approach deserves further investigation. We are working to realize a real-time implementation which ingests the outputs of automated CME tracking algorithms as inputs to create a database of events useful for a further validation of the approach.
Dural Invasion Predicts the Laterality and Development of Neck Metastases in Esthesioneuroblastoma
Authors: Marinelli John , Van Gompel Jamie , Link Michael , Moore Eric , Van Abel Kathryn , Peck Brandon , Lohse Christine , Price Daniel , Janus Jeffrey
Published: February 2018

Objectives Neck metastases in patients with esthesioneuroblastoma (ENB) constitute the most significant predictor of poor long-term survival. Recently, researchers discovered the existence of dural lymphatic channels that drain to the cervical lymph nodes. From this physiologic basis, we hypothesized that patients with ENB who develop dural invasion (DI) would exhibit a proclivity for neck metastases.

Design Retrospective review.

Setting Tertiary referral center.

Participants All patients treated for ENB from January 1, 1994 to December 31, 2015.

Main Outcome Measures Incidence, laterality, and recurrence rate of neck metastases by DI status.

Results Sixty-one patients were identified (38% female; median age 49, range, 10–80), 34 (56%) of whom had DI and 27 (44%) did not. Of patients with DI, 50% presented with or developed neck disease following treatment compared with just 22% of those without DI (p = 0.026). Bilateral neck disease was more common in patients with DI (11/34, 32%) compared with those without (2/27, 7%) (p = 0.018). Five-year regional recurrence-free survival rates were 88% for those without and 64% for those with DI (p = 0.022). Kadish C patients with DI were more likely to develop regional recurrence when compared with Kadish C without DI and Kadish A/B (p = 0.083). Further, Kadish C patients with DI displayed worse overall survival than Kadish C without DI and Kadish A/B. Kadish D patients displayed the worst overall survival. The difference in overall survival among these four groups was significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion DI by ENB is associated with increased incidence of cervical nodal metastases, bilateral neck disease, worse regional recurrence-free survival, and poorer overall survival. These data support the division of Kadish C by DI status.
Froschlöffel und Tränensammler für den scharfen Blick
Authors: Bögel Martina
Published: February 2018

Mit Arzneimitteltherapie, Akupunktur, Tuina, Diätetik und Qigong verfügt die chinesische Medizin über wirkungsvolle Instrumente zur Begleitbehandlung und Prävention von Augenerkrankungen. Meist sind nach dem Modell der TCM die Funktionskreise der Leber, Milz und Niere sowie Qi (Lebensenergie) und Xue (Blut) beeinträchtigt, die sich therapeutisch regulieren lassen. In chinesischen Schulen finden spezielle Tuina- und Qigong-Techniken zur Vorbeugung der Kurzsichtigkeit Anwendung, die hier vorgestellt werden.
Ich sehe … was?
Authors: Sengebusch Jürgen , Herzog Michael
Published: February 2018

Einblutung ist nicht gleich Einblutung. Je nach Form, Art und zusätzlichen Symptomen weisen Injektionen im Auge auf verschiedene Erkrankungen hin.
Time independent fractional Schrödinger equation for generalized Mie-type potential in higher dimension framed with Jumarie type fractional derivative
Authors: Das Tapas , Ghosh Uttam , Sarkar Susmita , Das Shantanu
Published: February 2018

In this paper, we obtain approximate bound state solutions of an N-dimensional fractional time independent Schrödinger equation for a generalised Mie-type potential, namely, V(rα)=Ar2α+Brα+C. Here α(0 < α < 1) acts like a fractional parameter for the space variable r. When α = 1 the potential converts into the original form of Mie-type of potential that is generally studied in molecular and chemical physics. The entire study is composed with a Jumarie-type fractional derivative approach. The solution is expressed via the Mittag-Leffler function and fractionally defined confluent hypergeometric function. To ensure the validity of the present work, obtained results are verified with the previous studies for different potential parameter configurations, specially for α = 1. At the end, few numerical calculations for energy eigenvalue and bound state eigenfunctions are furnished for a typical diatomic molecule.
Finite-part integration of the generalized Stieltjes transform and its dominant asymptotic behavior for small values of the parameter. I. Integer orders
Authors: Tica Christian D. , Galapon Eric A.
Published: February 2018

The paper addresses the exact evaluation of the generalized Stieltjes transform Sn[f]=∫0∞f(x)(ω+x)−ndx of integral order n = 1, 2, 3, … about ω = 0 from which the asymptotic behavior of Sn[f] for small parameters ω is directly extracted. An attempt to evaluate the integral by expanding the integrand (ω + x)−n about ω = 0 and then naively integrating the resulting infinite series term by term leads to an infinite series whose terms are divergent integrals. Assigning values to the divergent integrals, say, by analytic continuation or by Hadamard’s finite part is known to reproduce only some of the correct terms of the expansion but completely misses out a group of terms. Here we evaluate explicitly the generalized Stieltjes transform by means of finite-part integration recently introduced in Galapon [Proc. R. Soc. A 473, 20160567 (2017)]. It is shown that, when f(x) does not vanish or has zero of order m at the origin such that (n − m) ≥ 1, the dominant terms of Sn[f] as ω → 0 come from contributions arising from the poles and branch points of the complex valued function f(z)(ω + z)−n. These dominant terms are precisely the terms missed out by naive term by term integration. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how finite-part integration leads to new series representations of special functions by exploiting their known Stieltjes integral representations. Finally, the application of finite part integration in obtaining asymptotic expansions of the effective diffusivity in the limit of high Peclet number, the Green-Kubo formula for the self-diffusion coefficient, and the antisymmetric part of the diffusion tensor in the weak noise limit is discussed.
Ab initio studies on the photodissociation dynamics of the 1,1-difluoroethyl radical
Authors: Fritsche Lukas , Bach Andreas , Chen Peter
Published: February 2018

Born-Oppenheimer molecular dynamics trajectory calculations at the HCTH147/6-31G** level of theory simulate the dissociation dynamics of photolytically excited 1,1-difluoroethyl radicals. EOMCCSD/AUG-cc-pVDZ calculations show that an excitation energy of 94.82 kcal/mol is necessary to initiate photodissociation reactions. In contrast to photodissociation dynamics of ethyl radicals where a large discrepancy between actual dissociation rates and rates that are predicted by statistical rate theories, we find reaction rates of 5.1 × 1011 s−1 for the dissociation of an H atom, which is in perfect accord with what is predicted by Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) calculations and there is no indication of any nonstatistical effects. However, our trajectory calculations show a much larger fraction of C–C bond breakage reaction of 56% occurring than that expected by RRKM (only 16%).
Bounds on stochastic chemical kinetic systems at steady state
Authors: Dowdy Garrett R. , Barton Paul I.
Published: February 2018

The method of moments has been proposed as a potential means to reduce the dimensionality of the chemical master equation (CME) appearing in stochastic chemical kinetics. However, attempts to apply the method of moments to the CME usually result in the so-called closure problem. Several authors have proposed moment closure schemes, which allow them to obtain approximations of quantities of interest, such as the mean molecular count for each species. However, these approximations have the dissatisfying feature that they come with no error bounds. This paper presents a fundamentally different approach to the closure problem in stochastic chemical kinetics. Instead of making an approximation to compute a single number for the quantity of interest, we calculate mathematically rigorous bounds on this quantity by solving semidefinite programs. These bounds provide a check on the validity of the moment closure approximations and are in some cases so tight that they effectively provide the desired quantity. In this paper, the bounded quantities of interest are the mean molecular count for each species, the variance in this count, and the probability that the count lies in an arbitrary interval. At present, we consider only steady-state probability distributions, intending to discuss the dynamic problem in a future publication.
Equipartition terms in transition path ensemble: Insights from molecular dynamics simulations of alanine dipeptide
Authors: Li Wenjin
Published: February 2018

Transition path ensemble consists of reactive trajectories and possesses all the information necessary for the understanding of the mechanism and dynamics of important condensed phase processes. However, quantitative description of the properties of the transition path ensemble is far from being established. Here, with numerical calculations on a model system, the equipartition terms defined in thermal equilibrium were for the first time estimated in the transition path ensemble. It was not surprising to observe that the energy was not equally distributed among all the coordinates. However, the energies distributed on a pair of conjugated coordinates remained equal. Higher energies were observed to be distributed on several coordinates, which are highly coupled to the reaction coordinate, while the rest were almost equally distributed. In addition, the ensemble-averaged energy on each coordinate as a function of time was also quantified. These quantitative analyses on energy distributions provided new insights into the transition path ensemble.
Accurate temperature measurement by temperature field analysis in diamond anvil cell for thermal transport study of matter under high pressures
Authors: Yue Donghui , Ji Tingting , Qin Tianru , Wang Jia , Liu Cailong , Jiao Hui , Zhao Lin , Han Yonghao , Gao Chunxiao
Published: February 2018

The study on the thermal transport properties of matter under high pressure is important but is hard to fulfill in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) because the accurate measurement of the temperature gradient within the sample of DAC is very difficult. In most cases, the sample temperature can be read accurately from the thermocouples that are directly attached to the lateral edges of diamond anvils because both the sample and diamond anvils can be uniformly heated up to a given temperature. But for the thermal transport property studies in DAC, an artificial temperature distribution along the compression axis is a prerequisite. Obviously, the temperature of the top or bottom surface of the sample cannot be substituted by that of diamond anvils although diamond anvils can be considered as a good medium for heat conduction. With temperature field simulation by finite element analysis, it is found that big measurement errors can occur and are fatal to the correct analysis of thermal transport properties of materials. Thus, a method of combining both the four-thermocouple configuration and temperature field analysis is presented for the accurate temperature distribution measurement in DAC, which is based on the single-function relationship between temperature distribution and sample thermal conductivity.
Mid-infrared Fe2+:ZnSe semiconductor saturable absorber mirror for passively Q-switched Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser
Authors: Ning Shougui , Feng Guoying , Dai Shenyu , Zhang Hong , Zhang Wei , Deng Lijuan , Zhou Shouhuan
Published: February 2018

A mid-infrared (mid-IR) semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM) based on Fe2+:ZnSe for passively Q-switched Er3+-doped ZBLAN fiber laser has been demonstrated. Fe2+:ZnSe SESAM was fabricated by electron beam evaporation method. Fe2+ was innovatively doped into the reflective Bragg stack, in which ZnSe layer served as both doped matrix and high refractive layer during the fabricating process. By using the Fe2+:ZnSe SESAM, stable passively Q-switched pulses with the minimum pulse width of 0.43 μs under a repetition rate of 160.82 kHz were obtained. The recorded maximum average output power of 873 mW with a peak power of 12.59 W and pulse energy of 5.43 μJ were achieved. The results demonstrated a new method for fabricating Fe2+:ZnSe SESAM, which can be used in compact mid-IR Q-switched fiber laser.
Scaling behavior of columnar structure during physical vapor deposition
Authors: Meese W. J. , Lu T.-M.
Published: February 2018

The statistical effects of different conditions in physical vapor deposition, such as sputter deposition, have on thin film morphology has long been the subject of interest. One notable effect is that of column development due to differential chamber pressure in the well-known empirical model called the Thornton's Structure Zone Model. The model is qualitative in nature and theoretical understanding with quantitative predictions of the morphology is still lacking due, in part, to the absence of a quantitative description of the incident flux distribution on the growth front. In this work, we propose an incident Gaussian flux model developed from a series of binary hard-sphere collisions and simulate its effects using Monte Carlo methods and a solid-on-solid growth scheme. We also propose an approximate cosine-power distribution for faster Monte Carlo sampling. With this model, it is observed that higher chamber pressures widen the average deposition angle, and similarly increase the growth of column diameters (or lateral correlation length) and the column-to-column separation (film surface wavelength). We treat both the column diameter and the surface wavelength as power laws. It is seen that both the column diameter exponent and the wavelength exponent are very sensitive to changes in pressure for low pressures (0.13 Pa to 0.80 Pa); meanwhile, both exponents saturate for higher pressures (0.80 Pa to 6.7 Pa) around a value of 0.6. These predictions will serve as guides to future experiments for quantitative description of the film morphology under a wide range of vapor pressure.
Lattice model of ionic liquid confined by metal electrodes
Authors: Girotto Matheus , Malossi Rodrigo M. , dos Santos Alexandre P. , Levin Yan
Published: February 2018

We study, using Monte Carlo simulations, the density profiles and differential capacitance of ionic liquids confined by metal electrodes. To compute the electrostatic energy, we use the recently developed approach based on periodic Green’s functions. The method also allows us to easily calculate the induced charge on the electrodes permitting an efficient implementation of simulations in a constant electrostatic potential ensemble. To speed up the simulations further, we model the ionic liquid as a lattice Coulomb gas and precalculate the interaction potential between the ions. We show that the lattice model captures the transition between camel-shaped and bell-shaped capacitance curves—the latter characteristic of ionic liquids (strong coupling limit) and the former of electrolytes (weak coupling). We observe the appearance of a second peak in the differential capacitance at ≈0.5 V for 2:1 ionic liquids, as the packing fraction is increased. Finally, we show that ionic size asymmetry decreases substantially the capacitance maximum, when all other parameters are kept fixed.
Heterogeneous dynamics of ionic liquids: A four-point time correlation function approach
Authors: Liu Jiannan , Willcox Jon A. L. , Kim Hyung J.
Published: February 2018

Many ionic liquids show behavior similar to that of glassy systems, e.g., large and long-lasted deviations from Gaussian dynamics and clustering of “mobile” and “immobile” groups of ions. Herein a time-dependent four-point density correlation function—typically used to characterize glassy systems—is implemented for the ionic liquids, choline acetate, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate. Dynamic correlation beyond the first ionic solvation shell on the time scale of nanoseconds is found in the ionic liquids, revealing the cooperative nature of ion motions. The traditional solvent, acetonitrile, on the other hand, shows a much shorter length-scale that decays after a few picoseconds.
Dynamic stabilization of the Rayleigh-Taylor instability of miscible liquids and the related “frozen waves”
Authors: Wolf Gerd (Gerhard) H.
Published: February 2018

Superimposed miscible liquids, the heavier one on top, when subjected to vibrations vertical to their interface (dynamic stabilization), can only be maintained for a certain period. A mechanism is presented explaining the resulting process of degradation and “anomalous diffusion” through that interface. Superimposed liquids, the lighter one on top, exposed to horizontal vibrations, develop a saw-tooth-like pattern called “frozen waves.” These are subject to conditions similar to those of dynamic stabilization and, if miscible, thus can also only be maintained for a certain period. A further analysis of these processes would be desirable, also in view of their relation to analogue phenomena.
Photoexcitation of iodide ion-pyrimidine clusters above the electron detachment threshold: Intracluster electron transfer versus nucleobase-centred excitations
Authors: Matthews Edward , Cercola Rosaria , Mensa-Bonsu Golda , Neumark Daniel M. , Dessent Caroline E. H.
Published: February 2018

Laser photodissociation spectroscopy of the I−·thymine (I−·T) and I−·cytosine (I−·C) nucleobase clusters has been conducted for the first time across the regions above the electron detachment thresholds to explore the excited states and photodissociation channels. Although photodepletion is strong, only weak ionic photofragment signals are observed, indicating that the clusters decay predominantly by electron detachment. The photodepletion spectra of the I−·T and I−·C clusters display a prominent dipole-bound excited state (I) in the vicinity of the vertical detachment energy (∼4.0 eV). Like the previously studied I−·uracil (I−·U) cluster [W. L. Li et al., J. Chem. Phys. 145, 044319 (2016)], the I−·T cluster also displays a second excited state (II) centred at 4.8 eV, which we similarly assign to a π–π* nucleobase-localized transition. However, no distinct higher-energy absorption bands are evident in the spectra of the I−·C. Time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations are presented, showing that while each of the I−·T and I−·U clusters displays a single dominant π–π* nucleobase-localized transition, the corresponding π–π* nucleobase transitions for I−·C are split across three separate weaker electronic excitations. I− and deprotonated nucleobase anion photofragments are observed upon photoexcitation of both I−·U and I−·T, with the action spectra showing bands (at 4.0 and 4.8 eV) for both the I− and deprotonated nucleobase anion production. The photofragmentation behaviour of the I−·C cluster is distinctive as its I− photofragment displays a relatively flat profile above the expected vertical detachment energy. We discuss the observed photofragmentation profiles of the I−·pyrimidine clusters, in the context of the previous time-resolved measurements, and conclude that the observed photoexcitations are primarily consistent with intracluster electron transfer dominating in the near-threshold region, while nucleobase-centred excitations dominate close to 4.8 eV. TDDFT calculations suggest that charge-transfer transitions [Iodide n (5p6) → Uracil σ*] may contribute to the cluster absorption profile across the scanned spectral region, and the possible role of these states is also discussed.
Magnetic properties of hybrid V2O3/Ni composites
Authors: Sutton L. , Lauzier J. , de la Venta J.
Published: February 2018

The magnetic properties of bulk hybrid V2O3/Ni composites were studied as a function of composition and synthesis conditions. We find a sharp increase in the coercivity and a sharp decrease of the magnetization as the temperature of the bulk materials passes through the V2O3 structural phase transition. The magnitude of the effect of the V2O3 phase transformation on the magnetic properties of the Ni is strongly dependent on sintering temperature. The V2O3 crystallite size is also dependent on the sintering conditions. Stress on the Ni particles due to the V2O3 structural transformation produces an inverse magnetostrictive effect which is responsible for the changes in the magnetic properties.
Quantum coherence in the reflection of above barrier wavepackets
Authors: Petersen Jakob , Pollak Eli
Published: February 2018

The quantum phenomenon of above barrier reflection is investigated from a time-dependent perspective using Gaussian wavepackets. The transition path time distribution, which in principle is experimentally measurable, is used to study the mean flight times ⟨t⟩R and ⟨t⟩T associated with the reflection and the transmission over the barrier paying special attention to their dependence on the width of the barrier. Both flight times, and their difference Δt, exhibit two distinct regimes depending on the ratio of the spatial width of the incident wavepacket and the length of the barrier. When the ratio is larger than unity, the reflection and transmission dynamics are coherent and dominated by the resonances above the barrier. The flight times ⟨t⟩R/T and the flight time difference Δt oscillate as a function of the barrier width (almost in phase with the transmission probability). These oscillations reflect a momentum filtering effect related to the coherent superposition of the reflected and transmitted waves. For a ratio less than unity, the barrier reflection and transmission dynamics are incoherent and the oscillations are absent. The barrier width which separates the coherent and incoherent regimes is identified analytically. The oscillatory structure of the time difference Δt as a function of the barrier width in the coherent regime is absent when considered in terms of the Wigner phase time delays for reflection and transmission. We conclude that the Wigner phase time does not correctly describe the temporal properties of above barrier reflection. We also find that the structure of the reflected and transmitted wavepackets depends on the coherence of the process. In the coherent regime, the wavepackets can have an overlapping peak structure, but the peaks are not fully resolved. In the incoherent regime, the wavepackets split in time into distinct separated Gaussian like waves, each one reflecting the number of times the wavepacket crosses the barrier region before exiting. A classical Wigner approximation, using classical trajectories which upon reaching an edge of the barrier are reflected or transmitted as if the edge was a step potential, is quantitative in the incoherent regime. The implications of the coherence observed on resonance reactive scattering are discussed.
Lateral-electric-field-induced spin polarization in a suspended GaAs quantum point contact
Authors: Pokhabov D. A. , Pogosov A. G. , Zhdanov E. Yu. , Shevyrin A. A. , Bakarov A. K. , Shklyaev A. A.
Published: February 2018

The conductance of a GaAs-based suspended quantum point contact (QPC) equipped with lateral side gates has been experimentally studied in the absence of the external magnetic field. The half-integer conductance plateau (0.5×2e2/h) has been observed when an asymmetric voltage between the side gates is applied. The appearance of this plateau has been attributed to the spin degeneracy lifting caused by the spin-orbit coupling associated with the lateral electric field in the asymmetrically biased QPC. We have experimentally demonstrated that, despite the relatively small g-factor in GaAs, the observation of the spin polarization in the GaAs-based QPC became possible after the suspension due to the enhancement of the electron-electron interaction and the effect of the electric field guiding. These features are caused by a partial confinement of the electric field lines within a suspended semiconductor layer with a high dielectric constant.
Electrical properties of Si-Si interfaces obtained by room temperature covalent wafer bonding
Authors: Jung A. , Zhang Y. , Arroyo Rojas Dasilva Y. , Isa F. , von Känel H.
Published: February 2018

We study covalent bonds between p-doped Si wafers (resistivity ∼10 Ω cm) fabricated on a recently developed 200 mm high-vacuum system. Oxide- and void free interfaces were obtained by argon (Ar) or neon (Ne) sputtering prior to wafer bonding at room temperature. The influence of the sputter induced amorphous Si layer at the bonding interface on the electrical behavior is accessed with temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements. In as-bonded structures, charge transport is impeded by a potential barrier of 0.7 V at the interface with thermionic emission being the dominant charge transport mechanism. Current-voltage characteristics are found to be asymmetric which can tentatively be attributed to electric dipole formation at the interface as a result of the time delay between the surface preparation of the two bonding partners. Electron beam induced current measurements confirm the corresponding asymmetric double Schottky barrier like band-alignment. Moreover, we demonstrate that defect annihilation at a low temperature of 400 °C increases the electrical conductivity by up to three orders of magnitude despite the lack of recrystallization of the amorphous layer. This effect is found to be more pronounced for Ne sputtered surfaces which is attributed to the lighter atomic mass compared to Ar, inducing weaker lattice distortions during the sputtering.
Magnon and phonon dispersion, lifetime, and thermal conductivity of iron from spin-lattice dynamics simulations
Authors: Wu Xufei , Liu Zeyu , Luo Tengfei
Published: February 2018

In recent years, the fundamental physics of spin-lattice (e.g., magnon-phonon) interaction has attracted significant experimental and theoretical interests given its potential paradigm-shifting impacts in areas like spin-thermoelectrics, spin-caloritronics, and spintronics. Modelling studies of the transport of magnons and phonons in magnetic crystals are very rare. In this paper, we use spin-lattice dynamics (SLD) simulations to model ferromagnetic crystalline iron, where the spin and lattice systems are coupled through the atomic position-dependent exchange function, and thus the interaction between magnons and phonons is naturally considered. We then present a method combining SLD simulations with spectral energy analysis to calculate the magnon and phonon harmonic (e.g., dispersion, specific heat, and group velocity) and anharmonic (e.g., scattering rate) properties, based on which their thermal conductivity values are calculated. This work represents an example of using SLD simulations to understand the transport properties involving coupled magnon and phonon dynamics.
Computational modeling of the effect of varying aqueous solutions on Ni(OH)2 precipitates
Authors: Yoshio Satoshi , Maki Koichiro
Published: February 2018

Various applications exist for nickel hydroxide, and its role as a precursor for lithium nickelate used as the positive electrode in lithium-ion batteries is particularly important. We calculated the surface energy for each surface of nickel hydroxide by considering the relation between the potential and pH in first-principles calculations. These surface energy calculations clarify the stable morphology of nickel hydroxide at each potential–pH and allow us to discuss the morphological changes caused by the pH of the aqueous solution. Based on these results, we develop a method for fabricating nickel hydroxide with a desired morphology through a precipitation reaction.
Impact of semiconducting electrodes on the electroresistance of ferroelectric tunnel junctions
Authors: Asa M. , Bertacco R.
Published: February 2018

Ferroelectric tunnel junctions are promising candidates for the realization of energy-efficient digital memories and analog memcomputing devices. In this work, we investigate the impact of a semiconducting layer in series to the junction on the sign of electroresistance. To this scope, we compare tunnel junctions fabricated out of Pt/BaTiO3/La1/3Sr2/3MnO3 (LSMO) and Pt/BaTiO3/Nb:SrTiO3 (Nb:STO) heterostructures, displaying an opposite sign of the electroresistance. By capacitance-voltage profiling, we observe a behavior typical of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor tunnel devices in both cases but compatible with the opposite sign of charge carriers in the semiconducting layer. While Nb:STO displays the expected n-type semiconducting character, metallic LSMO develops an interfacial p-type semiconducting layer. The different types of carriers at the semiconducting interfaces and the modulation of the depleted region by the ferroelectric charge have a deep impact on electroresistance, possibly accounting for the different sign observed in the two systems.
Highly multiplexed and quantitative cell-surface protein profiling using genetically barcoded antibodies
Authors: Pollock Samuel B. , Hu Amy , Mou Yun , Martinko Alexander J. , Julien Olivier , Hornsby Michael , Ploder Lynda , Adams Jarrett J. , Geng Huimin , Müschen Markus , Sidhu Sachdev S. , Moffat Jason , Wells James A.
Published: February 2018

Significance

Next-generation sequencing (NGS) has allowed the comprehensive study of the genome and transcriptome. However, a similarly broad, highly multiplexed, and inexpensive method for proteomics using NGS remains elusive. Here, we describe a phage display-based method using preselected antibodies that are genetically encoded and capable of simultaneous profiling of hundreds of cell-surface targets on cells in culture or singly at low cost and without the need for chemical conjugation to purified antibodies. We use the method to identify cell-surface proteins that change in cancer cells, some of which are coordinately regulated and could lead to new biomarkers and cancer targets.
Island travel transportation.
Authors: Vanderpool-Wallace V.
Published: February 2018

This chapter concerns island travel and transport. The chapter considers air transportation in relation to islands and highlights the policies under which islands utilize travel and transport services that support tourism. Of particular consideration are the various types of transport services and the nature of these services and how transport supports the economic viability of destinations.
An altruistic behavioural change approach to sustainable tourism when funds are scarce: a narrative of a small business model.
Authors: Adams S. A.
Published: February 2018

Small tourism businesses require new strategies to gain competitive advantage in a global business such as tourism, and in that regard business certification is seen as an important tool. Access to these programmes comes with a substantial cost to businesses and therefore this chapter addresses a new approach in obtaining the 'labels' that are seen as an important operating practice for a tourism business. This chapter explores an approach taken by a tourism enterprise in the Caribbean island of Grenada. This enterprise's decision to initiate steps towards sustainability certification leans towards altruistic reasons as opposed to anticipated competitive advantage.