bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Right Ventricular Shape Feature Quantification for Evaluation of Pulmonary Hypertension: Feasibility and Preliminary Associations With Clinical Outcome
Authors: Xu Jing , Desmond Eleanor L. , Wong Timothy C. , Neill Colin G. , Simon Marc A. , Brigham John C.
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to demonstrate feasibility of statistical shape analysis techniques to identify distinguishing features of right ventricle (RV) shape as related to hemodynamic variables and outcome data in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Cardiovascular magnetic resonance images were acquired from 50 patients (33 PH, 17 non-PH). Contemporaneous right heart catheterization data were collected for all individuals. Outcome was defined by all-cause mortality and hospitalization for heart failure. RV endocardial borders were manually segmented, and three-dimensional surfaces reconstructed at end diastole and end systole. Registration and harmonic mapping were then used to create a quantitative correspondence between all RV surfaces. Proper orthogonal decomposition was performed to generate modes describing RV shape features. The first 15 modes captured over 98% of the total modal energy. Two shape modes, 8 (free wall expansion) and 13 (septal flattening), stood out as relating to PH state (mode 13: r = 0.424, p = 0.002; mode 8: r = 0.429, p = 0.002). Mode 13 was significantly correlated with outcome (r = 0.438, p = 0.001), more so than any hemodynamic variable. Shape analysis techniques can derive unique RV shape descriptors corresponding to specific, anatomically meaningful features. The modes quantify shape features that had been previously only qualitatively related to PH progression. Modes describing relevant RV features are shown to correlate with clinical measures of RV status, as well as outcomes. These new shape descriptors lay the groundwork for a noninvasive strategy for identification of failing RVs, beyond what is currently available to clinicians.
Efficacy of the predatory mite Cydnoseius negevi (Swirskii & Amitai) (Acari: phytoseiidae) as a shared predator for sucking pests on sweet pepper in a net house in Egypt
Authors: A.y. M., E, M.elseedy El-laithy , Hussein Hoda E.
Published: September 2021

A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the efficacy of the native predatory mite Cydnoseius negevi (Swirski and Amitai) (=Typlodromus negevi) as a biological control agent for Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) complex, Onion thrips Thrips tapaci (Lindeman) and Tetranychus urticae (Koch). The efficacy of Phytoseiulus persimilis (Athias-Henriot) against these pests was also evaluated. The data obtained revealed reduction in population density of the above-mentioned pests in the experimental plots for P. persimilis and C. negivi compared to the control plot. Mean population density of each of the pests ranging from 32.2–0.5, 284.4–2.0 and 441.8–2.0 individuals / leaf for T. urticae, in the three plots respectively. The mean values of B. tabaci fluctuated between 41.1–2.1, 16.2–1.0 and 57.3–3.6. individuals / leaf and T. tabaci between 20.1–2.6, 13.7–1.4 and 24.9–1.9 individuals / leaf respectively. A slight non-consumptive negative effect is shown by P. persimilis against the pests B. tabaci and T. tabaci. This preliminary experiment hopefully will enhance the role of the native predator C. negevi to play a role in bio-control and its mass augmentation.
Tidal effects in a spacecraft
Authors: Besson Ugo
Published: September 2021

Within a vehicle in free fall, such as a spacecraft orbiting the Earth, everything appears as if there was no force of gravity: objects float and remain stationary with respect to the walls, a situation commonly described as “weightlessness.” In relativity, such a vehicle is considered an inertial reference system. In fact, this is not exactly true because of the non-uniformity of the gravitational field. Tidal effects and forces appear, and complicated motions are generated. This article examines these effects, limiting the use of complicated mathematical formalism in favor of physical reasoning. Two particular cases are treated: a spacecraft that rotates about its center of mass in sync with its orbit, so it always faces the Earth the same way, and a spacecraft that maintains the same orientation with respect to the fixed stars throughout its orbit. The static problem is solved by finding the tidal forces acting on an object at different positions within the spacecraft. The trajectories of objects released from various positions within the spacecraft are then calculated. Some concluding conceptual observations are given.
Methods to depolarize narrow and broad spectrum light
Authors: Kuusela Tom A.
Published: September 2021

In many optics applications, it is important to use well-polarized light. However, there are situations in which randomly polarized light has distinct advantages. We demonstrate two approaches by which a polarized light beam can be totally depolarized, each using a simple setup and inexpensive components. The first method, designed for narrow spectrum light, works by combining the horizontal polarization component of the beam with the delayed vertical component. The second method, which is most suitable for broad spectrum light, uses birefringent quartz plates. In both approaches, the polarization state is characterized by Stokes parameters measured using a rotating quarter-wave plate and fixed polarizer. We measure the coherence function of the electric fields and determine the minimum delay or quartz plate thickness required for decoherence. Coherences are modelled by Gaussian or Lorentzian functions and compared with the spectral properties of the light sources.
Isotropic inertia tensor without symmetry of mass distribution
Authors: Snarskii Andrei A. , Podlasov Sergii , Shamonin Mikhail
Published: September 2021

Conventional calculations of the inertia tensor in undergraduate physics course are usually done for highly symmetrical bodies. Students might therefore get the impression that the moment of inertia about any axis through the center of mass is the same only for bodies with the highest degree of symmetry relative to this point, e.g., for spheres. A simple, seemingly counterintuitive example is presented, showing that the moment of inertia of a non-regular body, here an assembly of material points, can be the same about any axis passing through its center of mass.
Understanding and compensating for noise on IBM quantum computers
Authors: Johnstun Scott , Van Huele Jean-François
Published: September 2021

Quantum algorithms offer efficient solutions to computational problems that are expensive to solve classically. Publicly available quantum computers, such as those provided by IBM, can now be used to run small quantum circuits that execute quantum algorithms. However, these quantum computers are highly prone to noise. Here, we introduce important concepts of quantum circuit noise and connectivity that must be addressed to obtain reliable results on quantum computers. We utilize several examples to show how noise scales with circuit depth. We present Simon's algorithm, a quantum algorithm for solving a computational problem of the same name, explain how to implement it in IBM's Qiskit platform, and compare the results of running it both on a noiseless simulator and on physical hardware subject to noise. We discuss the impact of Qiskit's transpiler, which adapts ideal quantum circuits for physical hardware with limited connectivity between qubits. We show that even circuits of only a few qubits can have their success rate significantly reduced by quantum noise unless specific measures are taken to minimize its impact.
Validation of a Backswing Developmental Sequence for the Overarm Throw for Force
Authors: Beseler Bradley , Williams Kathleen , Plumb Mandy S.
Published: September 2021

Background: Roberton’s movement components are used to assess fundamental motor skills as segmental developmental sequences. In 1991, Haywood, Williams and VanSant determined that original developmental sequences proposed for the backswing levels of the overarm throw did not encompass all ages. Their study of older throwers identified two new qualitatively different levels, with half the participants categorized at two new levels. This investigation extended the initial validation across a wider age range. Method: Two hundred and twenty-eight primary, high school, university students, and adults were instructed to make five throws for maximum force using their dominant hand. Throws were recorded with side and rear cameras synchronized for analysis. Prelongitudinal screening was used to analyze the Haywood et al. revisions of the Langendorfer developmental sequence. Results: Five of the six levels of Haywood’s sequence were suitable for assessing throwers 8 years of age through to adulthood. More study is needed of one less advanced pattern. Lower level throws corresponded to lower velocities; higher level throws were faster, suggesting the sequence was properly ordered. More males than females were classified at higher levels, demonstrating typical gender differences. Discussion: The categories hypothesized for the backswing action of the overarm throw were valid descriptors of differences observed across ages, from childhood to adulthood. Additional study of Levels 3 and 4 is warranted to clarify their order.
Exploring Coach Perceptions of Parkour-Style Training for Athlete Learning and Development in Team Sports
Authors: Strafford Ben William , Davids Keith , North Jamie Stephen , Stone Joseph Antony
Published: September 2021

Contemporary learning and development models have identified parkour-style training as a vehicle for athlete enrichment. However, perceptions of team-sport coaches and their receptiveness to such models of athlete enrichment have not been investigated and remain unclear. To explore how parkour-style training could be integrated into athlete development programs in team sports, we interviewed sport practitioners to explore their preexisting knowledge of parkour and their perceptions on its potential applications. Experienced talent development (n = 10) and strength and conditioning coaches (n = 10) were interviewed using an open-ended, semistructured approach with a two-stage thematic analysis being conducted to identify themes. Three dimensions were identified: coaches’ general perceptions of parkour, potential applications of parkour, and feasibility of integrating parkour into athlete development programs. Participant perceptions revealed that: (a) parkour activities were viewed as supplementary activities to enrich sport-specific training routines, including use of obstacle courses and/or tag elements; (b) parkour-style obstacle environments needed to be scalable to allow individual athletes and coaches to manipulate object orientation and tasks using soft play and traditional gym equipment; and (c) the implementation of continued professional development opportunities, athlete-centered approaches to learning designs in sport, and coach–parent forums were recommended to support the integration of parkour-style training.
Before School Exercise Effects on Fitness and Academic Performance in Schoolchildren: A Retrospective Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Kulp Austin J. , Zhu Xihe
Published: September 2021

Background/Purpose: Before school exercise programs (BSEPs) give students time for breakfast and add time to their daily physical activity. However, the effects of BSEP on physical fitness and academic achievement in the classroom remain unclear. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of BSEP on cardiorespiratory fitness and academic performance among fourth- and fifth-grade students. Method: A retrospective case-controlled design was used in this study. Fourth and fifth graders (N = 84) were participants, half signed up for BSEP that met once a week for 10 weeks. A retrospectively case-controlled comparison group was generated from the classmates of those in BSEP in the same school. All students took PACER and statewide academic performance assessments. Multivariate analysis of covariance for student cardiorespiratory fitness, and mathematics and reading, were conducted, adjusting for pretest performances. Analysis/Results: There were improvements for both groups in academic performances and cardiorespiratory fitness. The cardiorespiratory fitness and reading test improvements were greater in the BSEP group than those in the comparison group, controlling for their pretests. However, there was no significant difference in student mathematics test performances. Conclusion: Students in BSEP group benefited from participating in the program with greater improvement in cardiorespiratory and reading test performances than the comparison group. These findings suggested that providing a BSEP once a week for 45 min may be beneficial to fourth and fifth graders.
What Do They Reflect on?—A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Physical Education Preservice Teachers’ Written Reflections After a Long-Term Internship
Authors: Greve Steffen , Elena Weber Kira , Brandes Björn , Maier Jessica
Published: September 2021

Purpose: A previous study about a long-term internship implemented in the Master’s program of eleven physical education preservice teachers showed that the preservice teachers had low performance scores in the area of Instructional Support. These results left many questions unanswered, so the written self-reflections of the preservice teachers were investigated. Method and Results: A quantitative content analysis of their written reflections, based on the dimensions of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System K–3, showed that the participants pay little attention to the domain of Instructional Support. A qualitative content analysis showed that the preservice teachers relied on self-made experiences and the advice given by their mentors from school who pay little attention to Instructional Support. Discussion and Conclusion: Instructional Support should be given a higher priority in the context of long-term internships and in accompanying reflective assignments, especially with regard to differentiation and inclusion of all students.
Structures of artificially designed discrete RNA nanoarchitectures at near-atomic resolution
Authors: Liu Di , Shao Yaming , Piccirilli Joseph A. , Weizmann Yossi
Published: September 2021

X-ray structures of three discrete RNA nanoarchitectures comprised of homomeric assemblies from a one-stranded RNA tile.
A paradigm shift fully self-powered long-distance wireless sensing solution enabled by discharge-induced displacement current
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Wang Jiaqi , Yao Kuanming , Fu Jingjing , Xia Xin , Zhang Ruirui , Li Jiyu , Xu Guoqiang , Wang Lingyun , Yang Jingchao , Lai Jie , Dai Yuan , Zhang Zhengyou , Li Anyin , Zhu Yuyan , Yu Xinge , Wang Zhong Lin , Zi Yunlong
Published: September 2021

An all-in-one fully self-powered wireless sensing e-sticker was designed for smart sensing, robotics, smart city, and Industry 4.0.
Early Middle Stone Age personal ornaments from Bizmoune Cave, Essaouira, Morocco
Authors: Sehasseh El Mehdi , Fernandez Philippe , Kuhn Steven , Stiner Mary , Mentzer Susan , Colarossi Debra , Clark Amy , Lanoe François , Pailes Matthew , Hoffmann Dirk , Benson Alexa , Rhodes Edward , Benmansour Moncef , Laissaoui Abdelmoughit , Ziani Ismail , Vidal-Matutano Paloma , Morales Jacob , Djellal Youssef , Longet Benoit , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Mouhiddine Mohammed , Rafi Fatima-Zohra , Worthey Kayla Beth , Sanchez-Morales Ismael , Ghayati Noufel , Bouzouggar Abdeljalil
Published: September 2021

Shell beads from Bizmoune Cave (Morocco) show the early appearance and continuity of symbolic behavior among early
Homo sapiens
.
Hierarchically porous polyimide/Ti
3
C
2
T

x

film with stable electromagnetic interference shielding after resisting harsh conditions
Authors: Cheng Yang , Li Xuanyang , Qin Yixiu , Fang Yuting , Liu Guanglei , Wang Zengyao , Matz John , Dong Pei , Shen Jianfeng , Ye Mingxin
Published: September 2021

Hierarchical polyimide/Ti
3
C
2
T

x

film enables highly efficient and stable electromagnetic interference shielding.
Episodic growth of felsic continents in the past 3.7 Ga
Authors: Garçon Marion
Published: September 2021

Felsic continents did not form continuously through Earth history but have grown by pulses every 500 to 700 Ma in the past 3.7 Ga.
A nonferrous ferroptosis-like strategy for antioxidant inhibition–synergized nanocatalytic tumor therapeutics
Authors: Wu Chenyao , Liu Zhonglong , Chen Zhixin , Xu Deliang , Chen Lisong , Lin Han , Shi Jianlin
Published: September 2021

A nonferrous ferroptosis-like therapeutic concept has been demonstrated by using an inorganic nanoagent for tumor chemotherapy.
Persuasive robots should avoid authority: The effects of formal and real authority on persuasion in human-robot interaction
Authors: Saunderson Shane P. , Nejat Goldie
Published: September 2021

For social robots to persuade people, they should behave as peers providing positive incentives and avoid being authoritative.
MXene-infused bioelectronic interfaces for multiscale electrophysiology and stimulation
Authors: Driscoll Nicolette , Erickson Brian , Murphy Brendan B. , Richardson Andrew G. , Robbins Gregory , Apollo Nicholas V. , Mentzelopoulos Georgios , Mathis Tyler , Hantanasirisakul Kanit , Bagga Puneet , Gullbrand Sarah E. , Sergison Matthew , Reddy Ravinder , Wolf John A. , Chen H. Isaac , Lucas Timothy H. , Dillingham Timothy R. , Davis Kathryn A. , Gogotsi Yury , Medaglia John D. , Vitale Flavia
Published: September 2021

Ti
3
C
2
MXene–based bioelectronics produced through a highly scalable process enable multiscale electrophysiology and stimulation.
Potential Influence of Regulation of the Food Value Chain on Prevalence and Patterns of Antimicrobial Resistance: the Case of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Onjong Hillary Adawo , Ntuli Victor , Wambui Joseph , Mwaniki Mercy , Njage Patrick Murigu Kamau
Published: September 2021

In order to mitigate the risk of transmitting antimicrobial resistant bacteria to consumers along the fish value chain, good manufacturing practices coupled with identification and management of possible sources of contamination are recommended for fish and potentially other foods distributed along the less regulated value chains.
Biofilm-Forming Capacity of Escherichia coli Isolated from Cattle and Beef Packing Plants: Relation to Virulence Attributes, Stage of Processing, Antimicrobial Interventions, and Heat Tolerance
Authors: Stanford Kim , Tran Frances , Zhang Peipei , Yang Xianqin
Published: September 2021

As the majority of enterohemorrhagic
E. coli
(EHEC) isolates are not capable of forming biofilms, sources were undetermined for biofilm-forming EHEC isolated from “high-event periods” in beef slaughter plants. This study demonstrated that sanitation procedures used on beef-processing equipment may inadvertently lead to the survival of robust biofilm-forming strains of
E. coli
.
Physicochemical Parameters Affecting Norovirus Adhesion to Ready-To-Eat Foods
Authors: Trudel-Ferland Mathilde , Goetz Coralie , Girard Maryline , Curt Sèverine , Mafu Akier Assanta , Fliss Ismail , Jean Julie
Published: September 2021

Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods are major vehicles of transmission of foodborne viral pathogens, including NoV. The high incidence of gastroenteritis caused by viruses is due largely to their persistence in the environment and adhesion to different kinds of surfaces in the food industry, including the foods themselves.
RNA Viromics of Southern California Wastewater and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Single-Nucleotide Variants
Authors: Rothman Jason A. , Loveless Theresa B. , Kapcia Joseph , Adams Eric D. , Steele Joshua A. , Zimmer-Faust Amity G. , Langlois Kylie , Wanless David , Griffith Madison , Mao Lucy , Chokry Jeffrey , Griffith John F. , Whiteson Katrine L.
Published: September 2021

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) can detect pathogens across sewersheds, which represents the collective waste of human populations. As there is a wide diversity of RNA viruses in wastewater, monitoring the presence of these viruses is useful for public health, industry, and ecological studies.
The Plant-Beneficial Rhizobacterium Bacillus velezensis FZB42 Controls the Soybean Pathogen Phytophthora sojae Due to Bacilysin Production
Authors: Han Xingshan , Shen Dongxia , Xiong Qin , Bao Beihua , Zhang Wenbo , Dai Tingting , Zhao Yinjuan , Borriss Rainer , Fan Ben
Published: September 2021

Phytophthora
spp. are widespread eukaryotic phytopathogens and often extremely harmful.
Phytophthora
can infect many types of plants important to agriculture and forestry and thus cause large economic losses. Perhaps due to inappropriate recognition of
Phytophthora
as a common pathogen in history, research on the biological control of
Phytophthora
is limited.
Detection of Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria as an Indicator for Successful Mitigation of Sulfide Production
Authors: Dutta Avishek , Valle Fernando , Goldman Thomas , Keating Jeffrey , Burke Ellen , Williamson Nicole , Dirmeier Reinhard , Bowman Jeff S.
Published: September 2021

Microbial biofilms are commonly present in many industrial processes and can negatively impact performance and safety. Within the oil industry, subterranean biofilms cause biosouring with implications for oil quality, cost, occupational health, and the environment.
Diversity and Metabolic Potentials of As(III)-Oxidizing Bacteria in Activated Sludge
Authors: Xu Rui , Huang Duanyi , Sun Xiaoxu , Zhang Miaomiao , Wang Dongbo , Yang Zhaohui , Jiang Feng , Gao Pin , Li Baoqin , Sun Weimin
Published: September 2021

AOB play an important role in the removal of toxic arsenic from wastewater. Most of the AOB have been isolated from natural environments.
Dengue Virus Serotype 1 Conformational Dynamics Confers Virus Strain-Dependent Patterns of Neutralization by Polyclonal Sera
Authors: VanBlargan Laura A. , Milutinovic Pavle S. , Goo Leslie , DeMaso Christina R. , Durbin Anna P. , Whitehead Stephen S. , Pierson Theodore C. , Dowd Kimberly A.
Published: September 2021

Dengue virus (DENV) is an important human pathogen that cocirculates globally as four serotypes. Because sequential infection by different DENV serotypes is associated with more severe disease, eliciting a protective neutralizing antibody response against all four serotypes is a major goal of vaccine efforts.
Capsid Structure of
Anabaena
Cyanophage A-1(L)
Authors: Cui Ning , Yang Feng , Zhang Jun-Tao , Sun Hui , Chen Yu , Yu Rong-Cheng , Chen Zhi-Peng , Jiang Yong-Liang , Han Shu-Jing , Xu Xudong , Li Qiong , Zhou Cong-Zhao
Published: September 2021

Cyanobacteria are the most abundant photosynthetic bacteria, contributing significantly to the biomass production, O
2
generation, and CO
2
consumption on our planet. Their community structure and homeostasis in natural aquatic ecosystems are largely regulated by the corresponding cyanophages.
CRISPR/Cas9 Ablation of Integrated HIV-1 Accumulates Proviral DNA Circles with Reformed Long Terminal Repeats
Authors: Lai Michele , Maori Eyal , Quaranta Paola , Matteoli Giulia , Maggi Fabrizio , Sgarbanti Marco , Crucitta Stefania , Pacini Simone , Turriziani Ombretta , Antonelli Guido , Heeney Jonathan L. , Freer Giulia , Pistello Mauro
Published: September 2021

The excision of HIV-1 provirus from the host cell genome has proven feasiblein vitroand, to some extent,in vivo. Among the different approaches, CRISPR/Cas9 is the most promising tool for gene editing.
Discovery and Evaluation of Entry Inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 and Its Emerging Variants
Authors: Acharya Arpan , Pandey Kabita , Thurman Michellie , Klug Elizabeth , Trivedi Jay , Sharma Kalicharan , Lorson Christian L. , Singh Kamal , Byrareddy Siddappa N.
Published: September 2021

The ongoing coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is caused by a novel coronavirus named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More than 207 million people have been infected globally, and 4.3 million have died due to this viral outbreak.
Reactive Chlorine Species Reversibly Inhibit DnaB Protein Splicing in Mycobacteria
Authors: Lennon Christopher W. , Wahl Daniel , Goetz J. R. , Weinberger Joel
Published: September 2021

Inteins are both widespread and abundant in microbes, including within several bacterial and fungal pathogens. Inteins are domains translated within host proteins and removed at the protein level by splicing.
The Protective Effects of Live and Pasteurized Akkermansia muciniphila and Its Extracellular Vesicles against HFD/CCl4-Induced Liver Injury
Authors: Keshavarz Azizi Raftar Shahrbanoo , Ashrafian Fatemeh , Yadegar Abbas , Lari Arezou , Moradi Hamid Reza , Shahriary Arefeh , Azimirad Masoumeh , Alavifard Helia , Mohsenifar Zhaleh , Davari Mehdi , Vaziri Farzam , Moshiri Arfa , Siadat Seyed Davar , Zali Mohammad Reza
Published: September 2021

Akkermansia muciniphila
, as a member of the gut microbiota, has been proposed as a next-generation probiotic. Liver fibrosis is the main determinant of liver dysfunction and mortality in patients with chronic liver disease.
Deciphering Succession and Assembly Patterns of Microbial Communities in a Two-Stage Solid-State Fermentation System
Authors: Shen Dengjin , Shen Hongye , Yang Qiang , Chen Shenxi , Dun Yaohao , Liang Yunxiang , Zheng Jinshui , Zhao Shumiao
Published: September 2021

Revealing formation and assembly mechanisms of microbiota can help us to understand and further regulate its roles in the ecosystems. The
Xiaoqu
liquor brewing system is a tractable microbial ecosystem with low complexity.
Fluid inclusion evidence for the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of closely linked porphyry Au, porphyry Mo, and barren systems, East Qinling, China
Authors: Tang Li , Wagner Thomas , Fusswinkel Tobias , Zhang Shou-Ting , Hu Xin-Kai , Schlegel Tobias U.
Published: September 2021

The Xiong’ershan district in central China hosts broadly coeval porphyry Au (Qiyugou deposit), porphyry Mo (Leimengou deposit), and barren (Huashan pluton) systems. The key controls on the ore potential and different mineralization styles in these systems are not well understood, with first-order differences in fluid chemistry and melt sources being the main alternatives. The fluid inclusion characteristics of all three porphyry systems have been studied using an integrated approach that combines field geology, petrography, microthermometry, and laser ablation–inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry analysis of single fluid inclusions. The results permit a reconstruction of the magmatic-hydrothermal evolution of the ore-forming fluids, and to elucidate whether specialized hydrothermal fluids strongly enriched in ore metals (i.e., Mo, Au, Cu) were essential to form the economically significant deposits. The fluid compositions across the three hydrothermal stages from the Qiyugou Au deposit remain approximately the same over time, suggesting that progressive magma fractionation, fluid-rock reaction along fluid path, and mineral precipitation had a limited effect on fluid composition. The syn-ore stage fluids of the Leimengou Mo deposit are characterized by higher Cs/Na, Sr/Na, and B/Na, but lower K/Na and Cl/Na ratios, and also have salinities and homogenization temperatures distinct from the earlier fluids. This demonstrates that Mo mineralization was caused by a second pulse of fluid input from a highly fractionated felsic magma subsequent to the pre-ore stage. At the Huashan barren pluton, fluids from phase II have higher Cs/Na, B/Na, Li/Na, and Rb/Na ratios with lower homogenization temperatures than fluids occurring in porphyritic rocks of phase III, reflecting a higher degree of magma fractionation of this plutonic complex. The Huashan pluton does not host economic mineralization which is likely caused by the low ore metal tenor, inefficient fluid extraction from the melt, or the flat-roof geometry preventing accumulation of a large volume of fluid in the apical part. The Au tenor of the Qiyugou deposit was most likely contributed by mantle-derived material of higher Mg/Na, Fe/Na, Pb/Na, and Zn/Na ratios. Taken together, the metal charged magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, steeply dipping geometry, and small volume of the porphyry stocks all suggest that a much larger magma chamber feeding the porphyry systems should be present at deeper levels with good potential for Mo mineralization below the current level of exposure at Qiyugou deposit.
Estimate of the Number of Edges in Subgraphs of a Johnson Graph
Authors: Pushnyakov F. A. , Raigorodskii A. M.
Published: September 2021

New estimates for the minimum number of edges in subgraphs of a Johnson graph are obtained.
Feasibility and parental perception of home sleep studies during COVID-19: a tertiary sleep centre experience
Authors: Jones Susan , Hanwell Ross , Chowdhury Tharima , Orgill Jane , van den Eshof Kirandeep , Farquhar Michael , Joseph Desaline , Gringras Paul , Trucco Federica
Published: September 2021

Objective

Rapid implementation of home sleep studies during the first UK COVID-19 ‘lockdown’—completion rates, family feedback and factors that predict success.

Design

We included all patients who had a sleep study conducted at home instead of as inpatient from 30 March 2020 to 30 June 2020. Studies with less than 4 hours of data for analysis were defined ‘unsuccessful’.

Results

137 patients were included. 96 underwent home respiratory polygraphy (HRP), median age 5.5 years. 41 had oxycapnography (O2/CO2), median age 5 years. 56% HRP and 83% O2/CO2 were successful. A diagnosis of autism predicted a lower success rate (29%) as did age under 5 years.

Conclusion

Switching studies rapidly from an inpatient to a home environment is possible, but there are several challenges that include a higher failure rate in younger children and those with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Crohn’s disease of the gallbladder
Authors: Scott Callam , Patel Amit , Maka Noori , MacDonald Jonathan C
Published: September 2021

Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory condition, which typically involves the small and large bowel but can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Common symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhoea, fatigue, weight loss and malnutrition. Complications of CD include gallstone formation and cholecystitis. Impaired reabsorption of bile salts in the small bowel and CD-related surgeries are key factors in the development of CD-related gallstones, although other factors are also important. Direct CD-related inflammation of the gallbladder is very unusual and the typical histological features of CD are rarely encountered in cholecystectomy specimens of individuals with CD. We present a case of a man in his early 60s with CD, previous right hemicolectomy and a history of gallstones, who presented with chronic cholecystitis. Following cholecystectomy, pathological examination of the gallbladder unexpectedly demonstrated typical features of CD, including lymphoid aggregates and non-caseating mucosal granulomata.
Mandibular osteoma as a cause of ankylosis and progressive trismus
Authors: Ortega Beltrá Noelia , Matarredona Quiles Silvia , Martín Arroyo Miguel , Pons Rocher Francisco
Published: September 2021

Osteomas are benign tumours of bone tissue restricted to the craniofacial skeleton. The aim of this article is to present and discuss the demographic and clinical aspects and the management of craniomaxillofacial osteomas. When the patient was submitted from primary care to our hospital, he was 68 years old, and he had ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint for the previos 4 years. A CT scan was performed, finding a giant mandibular osteoma. Conservative treatment and radiological follow-up were carried out with clinical stability. Osteomas more often are seen in the paranasal sinuses and in young adults, with no differences in gender. Most are asymptomatic, but they can cause local problems. For its diagnosis, CT is usually performed. Treatment options are conservative management and follow-up or surgery. Although rarely, they can recur. Mandibular peripheral osteoma is a rare entity. Depending on the symptoms, a conservative or surgical treatment can be chosen. A clinical and radiological follow-up is necessary to detect possible recurrences or enlargement.
Laser epilation of luminal hair following skin graft urethroplasty for hypospadias: the hair snare
Authors: Kumar Siddharth , Mittal Ankur , Panwar Vikas Kumar , Mandal Arup Kumar
Published: September 2021

A 66-year-old man, who underwent urethral reconstruction using skin grafts for hypospadias five decades earlier as a 13-year-old child, presented with burning micturition and recurrent UTI. A retrograde urethrogram along with micturating cystourethrogram revealed a bulbar urethral stricture and broad neck distal penile urethral diverticulum. On a cystourethroscopic examination, a urethral diverticulum was seen just proximal to the hypospadiac external urethral meatus with 12–15 hair follicles inside the diverticulum and a 1 cm long mid-bulbar stricture. Visual internal urethrotomy for the bulbar stricture, a diverticular neck incision, laser epilation and hair follicle photocoagulation was performed using a 30 W Ho:YAG laser. The depilated hair tufts were extracted. The process was repeated again in 6 months due to recurrent symptoms. A patent urethra with a wide open diverticulum without any residual hair follicles was confirmed. No perioperative complications noted and the patient is doing well on 1 month of follow-up.
Interventions for improving treatment outcomes in adolescents on antiretroviral therapy with unsuppressed viral loads: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Munyayi Farai Kevin , van Wyk Brian
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Adolescents represent one of the most underserved population groups among people living with HIV. With successes in the elimination of mother to child transmission initiatives and advances in paediatric HIV treatment programmes, a large population of HIV-infected children are surviving into adolescence. Adolescence presents unique challenges that increase the risk of non-suppressed viral loads in adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV). There is a need to develop, implement and test interventions to improve viral suppression among ALHIV. Systematic reviews of recent studies present scarce and inconclusive evidence of effectiveness of current interventions, especially for adolescents. This protocol provides a description of a planned review of interventions to improve treatment outcomes among unsuppressed ALHIV.

Methods and analysis

A comprehensive search string will be used to search six bibliographic databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, Sabinet, EBSCOhost, CINAHL, Scopus and ScienceDirect, for relevant studies published between 2010 and 2020 globally, and grey literature. Identified articles will be exported into Mendeley Reference Management software and two independent reviewers will screen the titles, abstracts and full texts for eligibility. A third reviewer will resolve any discrepancies between the two initial reviewers. Studies reporting on interventions to improve viral suppression, retention and adherence for adolescents will be considered for inclusion. The systematic review will be performed and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols. Where feasible, a meta-analysis will be conducted using Stata Statistical Software: Release V.16. The quality of the studies and risk of bias will be assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklists and Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool, respectively.

Ethics and dissemination

The systematic review entails abstracting and reviewing already publicly available data rather than any involvement of participants, therefore, no ethical clearance will be required. Results will be shared with relevant policy-makers, programme managers and service providers, and published and share through conferences and webinars.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021232440.
Adjunctive inspiratory muscle training for patients with COVID-19 (COVIDIMT): protocol for randomised controlled double-blind trial
Authors: Maldaner Vinicius , Coutinho Jean , Santana Alfredo Nicodemos da Cruz , Cipriano Graziella F B , Oliveira Miriã Cândida , Carrijo Marilúcia de Morais , Lino Maria Eduarda M , Cahalin Lawrence P , Lima Alexandra GCB , Borges Robson , Santos Dante Brasil , Silva Iransé Oliveira , Oliveira Luis Vicente Franco , Cipriano Gerson
Published: September 2021

Introduction

A significant number of patients with COVID-19 may experience dyspnoea, anxiety, depression, pain, fatigue and physical impairment symptoms, raising the need for a multidisciplinary rehabilitation approach, especially for those with advanced age, obesity, comorbidities and organ failure. Traditional pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), including exercise training, psychosocial counselling and education, has been employed to improve pulmonary function, exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with COVID-19. However, the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in PR programmes remain unclear. This study aimed to determine whether the addition of a supervised IMT in a PR is more effective than PR itself in improving dyspnoea, health-related quality of life and exercise capacity in symptomatic patients with post-COVID-19.

Methods and analysis

This parallel-group, assessor-blinded randomised controlled trial, powered for superiority, aimed to assess exercise capacity as the primary outcome. A total of 138 are being recruited at two PR centres in Brazil. Following baseline testing, participants will be randomised using concealed allocation, to receive either (1) standard PR with sham IMT or (2) standard PR added to IMT. Treatment effects or differences between the outcomes (at baseline, after 8 and 16 weeks, and after 6 months) of the study groups will be analysed using an ordinary two-way analysis of variance.

Ethics and dissemination

This trial was approved by the Brazilian National Ethics Committee and obtained approval on 7 October 2020 (document number 4324069). The findings will be disseminated through publications in peer-reviewed journals and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

NCT04595097.
Horizon curvature and spacetime structure influences on black hole scalarization
Authors: Guo Hong , Kuang Xiao-Mei , Papantonopoulos Eleftherios , Wang Bin
Published: September 2021

Black hole spontaneous scalarization has been attracting more and more attention as it circumvents the well-known no-hair theorems. In this work, we study the scalarization in Einstein–scalar-Gauss–Bonnet theory with a probe scalar field in a black hole background with different curvatures. We first probe the signal of black hole scalarization with positive curvature in different spacetimes. The scalar field in AdS spacetime could be formed easier than that in flat case. Then, we investigate the scalar field around AdS black holes with negative and zero curvatures. Comparing with negative and zero cases, the scalar field near AdS black hole with positive curvature could be much easier to emerge. And in negative curvature case, the scalar field is the most difficult to be bounded near the horizon.
The CPR black hole with acceleration
Authors: Gillani Usman A. , Saifullah Khalid
Published: September 2021

Different deformations and modifications have been proposed in the Kerr black hole solution. In the so-called non-Kerr metric a deformation function was proposed. This approach has been generalized to include two different deformation functions to obtain the CPR black hole (Cardoso et al. in Phys Rev D 89:064007, 2014). In this letter we develop the accelerating version of this spacetime and study its thermodynamics.
Tagging the initial-state gluon
Authors: Caletti Simone , Fedkevych Oleh , Marzani Simone , Reichelt Daniel
Published: September 2021

We study the production of an electroweak boson in association with jets, in processes where the jet with the highest transverse momentum is identified as quark-initiated. The quark/gluon tagging procedure is realised by a cut on a jet angularity and it is therefore theoretically well-defined and exhibits infrared and collinear safety. In this context, exploiting resummed perturbation theory, we are able to provide theoretical predictions for transverse momentum distributions at a well-defined and, in principle, systematically improvable accuracy. In particular, tagging the leading jet as quark-initiated allows us to enhance the initial-state gluon contribution. Thus these novel transverse momentum distributions are potentially interesting observables to probe the gluonic degrees of freedom of the colliding protons.
Time-dependent variational dynamics for nonadiabatically coupled nuclear and electronic quantum wavepackets in molecules
Authors: Takatsuka Kazuo
Published: September 2021

We propose a methodology to unify electronic and nuclear quantum wavepacket dynamics in molecular processes including nonadiabatic chemical reactions. The canonical and traditional approach in the full quantum treatment both for electrons and nuclei rests on the Born–Oppenheimer fixed nuclei strategy, the total wavefunction of which is described in terms of the Born–Huang expansion. This approach is already realized numerically but only for small molecules with several number of coupled electronic states for extremely hard technical reasons. Besides, the stationary-state view of the relevant electronic states based on the Born–Oppenheimer approximation is not always realistic in tracking real-time electron dynamics in attosecond scale. We therefore incorporate nuclear wavepacket dynamics into the scheme of nonadiabatic electron wavepacket theory, which we have been studying for a long time. In this scheme thus far, electron wavepackets are quantum mechanically propagated in time along nuclear paths that can naturally bifurcate due to nonadiabatic interactions. The nuclear paths are in turn generated simultaneously by the so-called matrix force given by the electronic states involved, the off-diagonal elements of which represent the force arising from nonadiabatic interactions. Here we advance so that the nuclear wavepackets are directly taken into account in place of path (trajectory) approximation. The nuclear wavefunctions are represented in terms of the Cartesian Gaussians multiplied by plane waves, which allows for feasible calculations of atomic and molecular integrals together with the electronic counterparts in a unified manner. The Schrödinger dynamics of the simultaneous electronic and nuclear wavepackets are to be integrated by means of the dual least action principle of quantum mechanics [K. Takatsuka, J. Phys. Commun.4, 035007 (2020)], which is a time-dependent variational principle. Great contributions of Vincent McKoy in the electron dynamics in the fixed nuclei approximation and development in time-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy are briefly outlined as a guide to the present work.
Quantum-inspired meta-heuristic algorithms with deep learning for facial expression recognition under varying yaw angles
Authors: Bhatt Abhishek , Alam Tanweer , Rane Kantilal Pitambar , Nandal Rainu , Malik Meenakshi , Neware Rahul , Goel Samiksha
Published: September 2021

In recent years, the increasing human–computer interaction has spurred the interest of researchers towards facial expression recognition to determine the expressive changes in human beings. The detection of relevant features that describe the expressions of different individuals is vital to describe human expressions accurately. The present work has employed the integrated concept of Local Binary Pattern and Histogram of Gradient for facial feature extraction. The major contribution of the paper is the optimization of the extracted features using quantum-inspired meta-heuristic algorithms of QGA (Quantum-Inspired Genetic Algorithm), QGSA (Quantum-Inspired Gravitational Search Algorithm), QPSO (Quantum-Inspired Particle Swarm Optimization), and QFA (Quantum-Inspired Firefly Algorithm). These quantum-inspired meta-heuristic algorithms utilize the attributes of quantum computing that ensure the adequate control of facial feature diversity with quantum measures and Q-bit superstition states. The optimized features are fed to the deep learning (DL) variant deep convolutional neural network added with residual blocks (DCNN-R) for the classification of expressions. The facial expressions are detected for the KDEF and RaFD datasets under varying yaw angles of –90∘, –45∘, 0∘, 45∘, and 90∘. The detection of facial expressions with varying angles is also a crucial contribution, as the features decrease with the increasing yaw angle movement of the face. The experimental evaluations demonstrate the superior performance of the QFA than other algorithms for feature optimization and hence the better classification of facial expressions.
Semi-implicit finite-difference methods to study the spin-orbit- and coherently-coupled spinor Bose–Einstein condensates
Authors: Banger Paramjeet , Kaur Pardeep , Gautam Sandeep
Published: September 2021

We develop time-splitting finite-difference methods, using an implicit Backward–Euler and a semi-implicit Crank–Nicolson discretization schemes, to study the spin-orbit-coupled (SO-coupled) spinor Bose–Einstein condensates with coherent coupling in quasi-one- and quasi-two-dimensional traps. The split equations involving kinetic energy and spin-orbit-coupling operators are solved using either a time implicit Backward–Euler or a semi-implicit Crank–Nicolson method. We explicitly develop the methods for pseudospin-1/2, spin-1 and spin-2 condensates. The results for ground states obtained with time-splitting Backward–Euler and Crank–Nicolson methods are in excellent agreement with time-splitting Fourier spectral method, which is one of the popular methods to solve the mean-field models for SO-coupled spinor condensates. We confirm the emergence of different phases in SO-coupled pseudospin-1/2, spin-1 and spin-2 condensates with coherent coupling.
Bicriteria Common Flow Allowance Scheduling with Aging Effect, Convex Resource Allocation, and a Rate-Modifying Activity on a Single Machine
Authors: Zhao Xiaoli , Xu Jian , Wang Ji-Bo , Li Lin
Published: September 2021

We consider a single machine scheduling problem with slack due date assignment in which the actual processing time of a job is determined by its position in a sequence, its resource allocation function, and a rate-modifying activity simultaneously. The problem is to determine the optimal job sequence, the optimal common flow allowance, the optimal amount of the resource allocation, and the position of the rate-modifying activity such that the two constrained optimization objective cost functions are minimized. One is minimizing the total penalty cost containing the earliness, tardiness, common flow allowance subject to an upper bound on the total resource cost, the other is minimizing the total resource cost subject to an upper bound on the total penalty cost. For two optimization problems, we show that they can be solved in optimal time, respectively.
Restricted Weyl symmetry and spontaneous symmetry breakdown of conformal symmetry
Authors: Oda Ichiro
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we elucidate the relation between the restricted Weyl symmetry and spontaneous symmetry breakdown of conformal symmetry. Using a scalar–tensor gravity, we show that the restricted Weyl symmetry leads to spontaneous symmetry breakdown of a global scale symmetry when the vacuum expectation value of a scalar field takes a nonzero value. It is then shown that this spontaneous symmetry breakdown induces spontaneous symmetry breakdown of special conformal symmetry in a flat Minkowski spacetime, but the resultant Nambu–Goldstone boson is not an independent physical mode but expressed in terms of the derivative of the dilaton which is the Nambu–Goldstone boson of the global scale symmetry. In other words, the theories which are invariant under the general coordinate transformation and the restricted Weyl transformation exhibit a Nambu–Goldstone phase where both special conformal transformation and dilatation are spontaneously broken while preserving the Poincaré symmetry.