bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The pattern of arrangement of the lumbrical muscles in an African population
Authors: Igiri Anozeng Oyono , Mesembe Otu Effiong , Ekong Moses Bassey , Akpan Nsikak Ubong
Published: February 2011

The pattern of arrangement of the lumbrical muscles in the hand of an African population was studied. Sixty‐four upper limb specimen from 32 male cadavers between the ages 18 and 40 were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, University of Calabar, Nigeria were used. Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the University, and each of the limbs of the cadavers was labeled. Observations were grouped as A, B, C, D, and E and their incidence calculated using simple percentages. Group A constituted 50% and represented the standard pattern. In this group, the first and second bellies of lumbrical muscles arose each from the radial sides of the corresponding flexor digitorum profundus (FDP) tendons, while the third and fourth bellies of the lumbrical muscles arose each from the contiguous sides of the FDP tendons of the middle and ring fingers, and the ring and little fingers, respectively. All the bellies were inserted to their corresponding sides in the radial part of the dorsal digital expansion. Groups B and E constituting 12.5 and 6.25%, respectively, presented single origins and insertions in all the four bellies of the lumbrical muscles. Groups C and D constituting 18.75 and 12.5%, respectively, showed double origins in the third belly of the lumbrical muscle, with the first, second, and fourth having single origins. In conclusion, our study showed variations already reported, and peculiar pattern of lumbrical muscle arrangement in a single hand. Therefore, this study is of anatomical, anthropological, and clinical importance. Clin. Anat. 24:423–428, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rib fracture timing in dynamic belt tests with human cadavers
Authors: Duma S.M. , Kemper A.R. , Stitzel J.D. , Mcnally C. , Kennedy E.A. , Matsuoka F.
Published: February 2011

The purpose of this article is to present data from dynamic belt loading tests on the thorax of human cadavers where the exact timing of all rib fractures is known. To quantify rib fracture timing, a total of 47 strain gages were placed throughout the thorax of two human cadavers (one male, one female). To simulate thoracic loading observed in a severe car crash, a custom table‐top belt loading device was developed. The belt loading pulse was configured to result in approximately 40% chest compression during a 150 ms load and unload cycle. The time histories of each strain gage were analyzed to determine the time of each rib fracture which was then directly compared with the reaction loads and chest displacements at that exact time, thereby creating a noncensored data set. In both cadavers, all rib fractures occurred within the first 35% compression of the thorax. As a general trend, fractures on the left side of the thorax, where the passenger belt passed over the abdomen, occurred first followed by fractures to the upper ribs on the right side of the thorax. By utilizing this technique, the exact timing of each injury level can be characterized relative to the mechanical parameters. For example, using rib fractures as the parameter for Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) scores in the female test, it was shown that AIS 1 injury occurred at a chest compression of 21.1%, AIS 2 at 21.6%, AIS 3 at 22.0%, and AIS 4 at 33.3%. Clin. Anat. 24:327–338, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integrating software change request services into virtual laboratory environment: Empirical evaluation
Authors: Stojanov Zeljko , Dobrilovic Dalibor , Perisic Branko
Published: February 2011

This article presents an approach to integration and evaluation of software change request (SCR) specification services in an educational environment. The educational environment, a virtual network laboratory, VNLab, and its extension with services for specifying SCRs, are described. There are three services for SCR specification implemented in the described environment. These services are: paper form service, Web form service, and service integrated within the context of running application. The last service is based on developed software utility called SCRSpecifier (Software Change Request Specifier). After the services' description, the results of a conducted experiment are presented. The main goal of the experiment was to discover possible advantages and disadvantages of described SCR services and to compare them. The analyses of the data, collected during the experiment, provided the evidence that implemented services are useful to students and personnel responsible for maintenance of described educational environment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 22: 63–71, 2014
Interaction of Vesicles: Adhesion, Fusion and Multicompartment Systems Formation
Authors: Paleos Constantinos M. , Tsiourvas Dimitris , Sideratou Zili
Published: February 2011

In this review, interactions of selected vesicles, induced either by molecular recognition or by electrostatic interactions, for the simulation of cell–cell and cell–drug interaction processes are discussed. In order of increasing complexity, examples of vesicles adhesion are presented at first, followed by recognition experiments in which fusion takes place. This differentiation in behavior was primarily attributed to the structural features of interacting vesicular pairs primarily affected by concentration and lateral phase separation of the anchored recognizable groups. In certain cases, fusion is accompanied by multicompartmentalization of the obtained aggregates. In connection with the formation of these multicompartment systems, it was proposed that an analogous mechanism could be operating in the evolution of eukaryotes during the symbiosis of prokaryotes.
Three‐way analysis of a designed compost experiment using near‐infrared spectroscopy and laboratory measurements
Authors: Lillhonga Tom , Geladi Paul
Published: February 2011

Composts are complex organic systems that undergo batch fermentation processes. Traditional monitoring of such processes is usually based on measuring important chemical (physical) laboratory parameters but the common trend includes using more rapid and non‐destructive methods like near‐infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. A lab‐scale designed (simplex mixture) experiment with nine compost batches, including three repeated centre point batches, was monitored over 5 weeks by NIR spectroscopy (900–1700 nm) and by wet chemical and physical measurements: pH, energy content, moisture content, NH3/NH and temperature. The data were organized in three‐way data arrays and different three‐way methods were used for analysis: (1) PARAFAC, (2) Tucker3 and (3) PARAFAC2. The present paper stresses the advantages and the possibilities of three‐way methods compared to traditional two‐way analysis methods such as principal component analysis (PCA). Two‐way methods have a tendency to mix variables and produce, from a parsimony point of view, more complex models which are hard to interpret. The results from the three‐way methods reproduced the mixture triangle, gave common time profiles (PARAFAC and Tucker3) for all compost batches and rate constants (half‐lives) could be calculated: 6.9 days for the PARAFAC loadings from the chemical/physical parameters and between 6 and 10 days for the PARAFAC loadings from the NIR data. PARAFAC2 includes the possibility of getting individual time profiles for each compost batch. The results show that chemical/physical data and the NIR data give similar interpretations. The conclusion is that three‐way methods can be used to monitor composts batches over time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feature importance sampling‐based adaptive random forest as a useful tool to screen underlying lead compounds
Authors: Cao Dong‐Sheng , Liang Yi‐Zeng , Xu Qing‐Song , Zhang Liang‐Xiao , Hu Qian‐Nan , Li Hong‐Dong
Published: February 2011

Good performance of ensemble approaches could generally be obtained when base classifiers are diverse and accurate. In the present study, feature importance sampling‐based adaptive random forest (fisaRF) was proposed to obtain superior classification performance to the primal one‐step random forest (RF). fisaRF takes a convenient, yet very effective, way called feature importance sampling (FIS), to select the more eligible feature subset at each splitting node instead of simple random sampling and thereby strengthen the accuracy of individual trees, without sacrificing diversity between them. Additionally, the iterative use of feature importance obtained by the previous step can adaptively capture the most significant features in data and effectively deal with multiple classification problems, not easily solved by other feature importance indexes. The proposed fisaRF was applied to classify three structure–activity relationship (SAR) data sets proposed by Xue et al. 1 together with disinfection by‐products (DBPs) data, compared to the primal one‐step RF induced by simple random sampling. The comparison revealed that fisaRF can effectively improve the classification accuracy and prediction confidence for each sample and thereby was considered as a very useful tool to screen the underlying lead compounds. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photochemical Charge Separation in Closely Positioned Donor–Boron Dipyrrin–Fullerene Triads
Authors: Wijesinghe Channa A. , El‐Khouly Mohamed E. , Subbaiyan Navaneetha K. , Supur Mustafa , Zandler Melvin E. , Ohkubo Kei , Fukuzumi Shunichi , D'Souza Francis
Published: February 2011

A series of molecular triads, composed of closely positioned boron dipyrrin–fullerene units, covalently linked to either an electron donor (donor1–acceptor1–acceptor2‐type triads) or an energy donor (antenna–donor1–acceptor1‐type triads) was synthesized and photoinduced energy/electron transfer leading to stabilization of the charge‐separated state was demonstrated by using femtosecond and nanosecond transient spectroscopic techniques. The structures of the newly synthesized triads were visualized by DFT calculations, whereas the energies of the excited states were determined from spectral and electrochemical studies. In the case of the antenna–donor1–acceptor1‐type triads, excitation of the antenna moiety results in efficient energy transfer to the boron dipyrrin entity. The singlet‐excited boron dipyrrin thus generated, undergoes subsequent energy and electron transfer to fullerene to produce a boron dipyrrin radical cation and a fullerene radical anion as charge‐separated species. Stabilization of the charge‐separated state in these molecular triads was observed to some extent.
[Ir(PCy3)2(H)2(H2BNMe2)]+ as a Latent Source of Aminoborane: Probing the Role of Metal in the Dehydrocoupling of H3B⋅NMe2H and Retrodimerisation of [H2BNMe2]2
Authors: Stevens Charlotte J. , Dallanegra Romaeo , Chaplin Adrian B. , Weller Andrew S. , Macgregor Stuart A. , Ward Bryan , McKay David , Alcaraz Gilles , Sabo‐Etienne Sylviane
Published: February 2011

The IrIII fragment {Ir(PCy3)2(H)2}+ has been used to probe the role of the metal centre in the catalytic dehydrocoupling of H3B⋅NMe2H (A) to ultimately give dimeric aminoborane [H2BNMe2]2 (D). Addition of A to [Ir(PCy3)2(H)2(H2)2][BArF4] (1; ArF=(C6H3(CF3)2), gives the amine‐borane complex [Ir(PCy3)2(H)2(H3B⋅NMe2H)][BArF4] (2 a), which slowly dehydrogenates to afford the aminoborane complex [Ir(PCy3)2(H)2(H2BNMe2)][BArF4] (3). DFT calculations have been used to probe the mechanism of dehydrogenation and show a pathway featuring sequential BH activation/H2 loss/NH activation. Addition of D to 1 results in retrodimerisation of D to afford 3. DFT calculations indicate that this involves metal trapping of the monomer–dimer equilibrium, 2 H2BNMe2 ⇌ [H2BNMe2]2. Ruthenium and rhodium analogues also promote this reaction. Addition of MeCN to 3 affords [Ir(PCy3)2(H)2(NCMe)2][BArF4] (6) liberating H2BNMe2 (B), which then dimerises to give D. This is shown to be a second‐order process. It also allows on‐ and off‐metal coupling processes to be probed. Addition of MeCN to 3 followed by A gives D with no amine‐borane intermediates observed. Addition of A to 3 results in the formation of significant amounts of oligomeric H3B⋅NMe2BH2⋅NMe2H (C), which ultimately was converted to D. These results indicate that the metal is involved in both the dehydrogenation of A, to give B, and the oligomerisation reaction to afford C. A mechanism is suggested for this latter process. The reactivity of oligomer C with the Ir complexes is also reported. Addition of excess C to 1 promotes its transformation into D, with 3 observed as the final organometallic product, suggesting a BN bond cleavage mechanism. Complex 6 does not react with C, but in combination with B oligomer C is consumed to eventually give D, suggesting an additional role for free aminoborane in the formation of D from C.
ChemInform Abstract: Superconductors of SmFe1‐xCoxAsO Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying.
Authors: Yang Zhongtian , Liu Zhanqiang , Fang Aihua , Huang Fuqiang , Xie Xiaoming
Published: February 2011

Title compounds with x = 0—0.25 are synthesized by mechanical alloying of SmAs, Co2O3, Fe, and Fe2O3 followed by annealing (silica tubes, 1433 K, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Physical Properties of a New Member of Ternary Lithium Layered Compounds — Li2RhO3
Authors: Todorova Vanya , Jansen Martin
Published: February 2011

Li2RhO3 is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of RhO2 and LiOH (O2 flow, 1123 K, 48 h) and characterized by powder XRD, AC impedance spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Catalytic Reduction of Aldehydes, Ketones, Aldimines, and Ketimines.
Authors: Matsuoka Hiroaki , Kondo Kazuhiro
Published: February 2011

Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane in combination with PPh3 efficiently catalyzes the reduction with phenylsilane to afford the corresponding alcohols and amines in good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Mediated Radical Halo‐Nitration of Alkenes.
Authors: Taniguchi Tsuyoshi , Fujii Tatsuya , Ishibashi Hiroyuki
Published: February 2011

It provides a simple, general, and environmentally friendly method to prepare 2‐halogenated nitro compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Cationic Iridium Complex Is a New and Efficient Lewis Acid Catalyst for Aldol and Mannich Reactions.
Authors: Onodera Gen , Toeda Takayuki , Toda Nou‐no , Shibagishi Daigo , Takeuchi Ryo
Published: February 2011

Mukaiyama aldol reaction of aromatic (II), (XIII) and aliphatic aldehydes (IV) and acetal (VIII) with silyl enol ethers, e.g. (I) and (XII), is efficiently catalyzed by the cationic [Ir(cod)2]SbF6 complex (0.5mol%).
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Ring‐Closing Metathesis of Alkenyl Bromides: The Importance of Protecting the Catalyst During the Olefin Approach.
Authors: Gatti Michele , Drinkel Emma , Wu Linglin , Pusterla Ivano , Gaggia Fiona , Dorta Reto
Published: February 2011

Introduction of a (Z)‐phenyl group into alkenyl bromides as well as alkenyl chlorides allows efficient ring‐closing metathesis yielding synthetically important cyclic haloalkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Benzenesulfonates/Acetic Acid Mixtures as Novel Catalytic Systems: Application to the Protection of a Hydroxyl Group.
Authors: Wang Min , Gao Jingjing , Song Zhiguo
Published: February 2011

A surprising synergistic effect is observed when metal benzenesulfonates (Co, Al, Ni etc.) and acetic acid are used as catalytic system for the tetrahydropyranylation of alcohols or phenols.
ChemInform Abstract: A Double Oxidation Procedure for the Preparation of Halogen‐Substituted para‐Benzoquinone Monoketals: Asymmetric Synthesis of (‐)‐Harveynone.
Authors: Hookins Daniel R. , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: February 2011

It is demonstrated, that a range of target compounds can be readily accessed in a regioselective manner using PIDA as the oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides Catalyzed by Coenzyme NAD+ Models.
Authors: Xu Hua‐Jian , Lin Yi‐Cheng , Wan Xin , Yang Chun‐Yan , Feng Yi‐Si
Published: February 2011

Chemoselective oxidation of aromatic sulfides towards sulfoxides is smoothly achieved using oxygen as oxidant and an NAD+ model as organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Bidentate P, N—P Ligand for Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl or Benzyl Chlorides with ArMgX.
Authors: Ghosh Raju , Sarkar Amitabha
Published: February 2011

The new phosphine (IDP) efficiently promotes the title reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Stilbenes by Dehydrohalogenation—Heck Olefination and Multicomponent Wittig—Heck Reaction.
Authors: Sayed Akeel S. , Bedekar Ashutosh V.
Published: February 2011

Styrene derivatives are generated in situ, either by dehydrohalogenation of bromides or Wittig reaction of phosphonium salts with aromatic aldehydes or paraformaldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Diene as the Ligand for the Synthesis of Axially Chiral Compounds via Palladium‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Zhang Shu‐Sheng , Wang Zhi‐Qian , Xu Ming‐Hua , Lin Guo‐Qiang
Published: February 2011

Excellent yields and good enantioselectivities of chiral biaryls are obtained by the atroposelective reaction, catalyzed by the system I*/II*.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Formal [2 + 2] Cycloaddition of Ketenes with Nitroso Compounds Catalyzed by N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes.
Authors: Wang Tong , Huang Xue‐Liang , Ye Song
Published: February 2011

DPT is effective in the reaction of the aryl(alkyl)ketenes with a nitroso compound (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Broensted Acid Catalyzed Enantioselective Friedel—Crafts Reaction of 4,7‐Dihydroindoles with Trifluoromethyl Ketones.
Authors: Wang Teng , Zhang Guang‐Wu , Teng Yuou , Nie Jing , Zheng Yan , Ma Jun‐An
Published: February 2011

In the presence of a chiral phosphoric acid, reaction of substrates (I) with aromatic trifluoromethyl ketones (II) and ethyl 4,4,4‐trifluoroacetoacetate (V) gives 2‐substituted 4,7‐dihydroindoles with a trifluoromethylated tertiary alcohol moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Spiroheterocycles Through 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with Triarylideneacetylacetone Through Decarboxylation.
Authors: Murugan Ramalingam , Raghunathan R. , Narayanan S. Sriman
Published: February 2011

An efficient and stereoselective one‐pot, three‐component tandem reaction is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrolysis of Enaminone Derivatives of 1,2‐Ethylenediamine
Authors: Kukharev B. F. , Stankevich V. K. , Klimenko G. R. , Lobanova N. A. , Stankevich V. V. , Volkov G. A.
Published: February 2011

leading to dihydroimidazole derivatives
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Formal [4 + 1] Annulation Leading to Optically Active cis‐Isoxazoline N‐Oxides.
Authors: Shi Zugui , Tan Bin , Leong Wendy Wen Yi , Zeng Xiaofei , Lu Min , Zhong Guofu
Published: February 2011

The organocatalytic asymmetric annulation of 2‐nitroacrylates with α‐iodoaldehydes leads to the highly stereoselective synthesis of valuable cis‐isoxazoline N‐oxides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Thiazolyl‐Chalcones.
Authors: Shi Hai‐Bo , Zhang Shi‐Jie , Ge Qiu‐Fu , Guo Dian‐Wu , Cai Chao‐Ming , Hu Wei‐Hiao
Published: February 2011

A series of thiazolyl‐chalcones (V) (37 examples) is designed, synthesized via a Claisen—Schmidt condensation, and evaluated for their anticancer activity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized 2H‐Chromene (=2H‐1‐Benzopyran) Derivatives via a Three‐Component Reaction Between a CH‐Acid, a Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylate, and Methyl Chloroglyoxylate or Benzyl Carbonochloridate Mediated by Triphenylphosphine.
Authors: Bayat Mohammad , Shiraz Nader Zabarjad , Asayesh Soheila Shafei
Published: February 2011

The title process is based on the initial formation of a reactive 1,1‐diactivated alkene from dimedone or dimethylbarbituric acid and carbonyl compounds (II) followed by a intramolecular Wittig‐type ring closure.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Acyloximes: Synthesis of Heterocycles and Natural Products.
Authors: Alonso Rafael , Caballero Alegria , Campos Pedro J. , Rodriguez Miguel A.
Published: February 2011

Photoinduced cyclization of acyloximes towards (het)aromatic rings represents a straightforward method to generate a variety of poly(hetero)cyclic rings.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New 6‐(4‐Fluorophenyl)‐5‐(2‐substituted pyrimidin‐4‐yl)imidazo[2,1‐b]thiazole Derivatives and Their Antiproliferative Activity Against Melanoma Cell Line.
Authors: Park Jin‐Hun , Oh Chang‐Hyun
Published: February 2011

Title compounds, e.g. (VIII), are investigated for their antiproliferative activity against A375 human melanoma cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2‐d][1,4]diazocines. Reactions of 1‐Methyl‐2‐R‐tetrahydropyrrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazines with Alkynes.
Authors: Voskressensky L. G. , Borisova T. N. , Kamalitdinova T. M. , Titov A. A. , Listratova A. V. , Varlamov A. V.
Published: February 2011

Reactions of the title tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazines with activated alkynes provides ring‐opening products, i.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Me3SiCl‐Promoted Intramolecular Cyclization of Aromatic Compounds Tethered with N,O‐Acetals Leading to the Facile Preparation of 1,4‐Benzodiazepine Skeletons.
Authors: Sakai Norio , Watanabe Akimasa , Ikeda Reiko , Nakaike Yumi , Konakahara Takeo
Published: February 2011

Intramolecular aminomethylation of aromatic rings with N,O‐acetals tethered via an amine, e.g. (I), (III) or (V), proceeds smoothly in the presence of TmsCl under mild conditions to give a variety of benzodiazepine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antibacterial Studies of Azodispersed Dyes Derived from 2‐(Thiazol‐2‐yl)phthalazine‐1,4‐diones.
Authors: Khalil A. M. , Berghot M. A. , Gouda M. A. , El Bialy S. A.
Published: February 2011

A simple and convenient route for the synthesis of new azo dyes (III) (14 examples) based on phthalazine is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Iodine Promoted N‐ and C‐Glycosylation of 1‐C‐Alkyl (or Phenyl)‐glycopyranoses.
Authors: Pal A. P. John , Mallick Asadulla , Reddy Y. Suman , Vankar Yashwant D.
Published: February 2011

Treatment of various D‐glucose and D‐galactose substrates with Tms‐N3 or Tms‐CN affords the desired title compounds as synthons for peptide mimics.
ChemInform Abstract: Daphlongamines I and J. New Yuzurine‐Type Alkaloids from Daphniphyllum longeracemosum
Authors: Li Chun‐Shun , Di Ying‐Tong , Guo Jie , Zhang Qiang , Fang Xin , Hao Xiao‐Jiang
Published: February 2011

isolation and structure elucidation
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytically Active Gold Particles
Authors: Chen Ming‐Shu
Published: February 2011

Review: 142 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Variable Nuclearity Scorpionate‐Supported Lanthanide Polyhydrides: [(TpR,R′) LnH2]n (n: 3,4 and 6)
Authors: Cheng Jianhua , Saliu Kuburat , Ferguson Michael J. , McDonald Robert , Takats Josef
Published: February 2011

Review: 28 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies for the Synthesis of Bioactive Pyran Naphthoquinones
Authors: Ferreira Vitor Francisco , Ferreira Sabrina Baptista , de Carvalho da Silva Fernando
Published: February 2011

Review: 129 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry and Biology of Stable Synthetic Lipoxin Analogues
Authors: Duffy Colm D. , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: February 2011

Review: 61 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Small Rings in Focus: Recent Routes to Cyclopropylgroup Containing Carbo‐ and Heterocycles.
Authors: de Meijere Armin , Kozhushkov Sergei I.
Published: February 2011

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Strain Molecule, 1‐Azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane
Authors: Hayashi Kazuhiko
Published: February 2011

Review: 43 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Pauson—Khand Reaction
Authors: Moulton Benjamin E.
Published: February 2011

Review: 106 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Tissue Pressure‐Mediated Transfection Method Aimed at Organ‐Specific Gene Expression Control
Authors: Mukai Hidefumi
Published: February 2011

Review: 34 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C60 Fullerene as a Pseudoatom of the Icosahedral Symmetry
Authors: Nikolaev A. V. , Plakhutin B. N.
Published: February 2011

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR of Organocopper Compounds
Authors: Gaertner Tobias , Gschwind Ruth M.
Published: February 2011

Review: 234 refs.
Multiple Charge‐Separation Pathways in Photosystem II: Modeling of Transient Absorption Kinetics
Authors: Novoderezhkin Vladimir I. , Romero Elisabet , Dekker Jan P. , van Grondelle Rienk
Published: February 2011

We explain the transient absorption kinetics (E. Romero, I. H. M. van Stokkum, V. I. Novoderezhkin, J. P. Dekker, R. van Grondelle, Biochemistry 2010, 49, 4300) measured for isolated reaction centers of photosystem II at 77 K upon excitation of the primary donor band (680 nm). The excited‐state dynamics is modeled on the basis of the exciton states of 6 cofactors coupled to 4 charge‐transfer (CT) states. One CT state (corresponding to charge separation within the special pair) is supposed to be strongly coupled with the excited states, whereas the other radical pairs are supposed to be localized. Relaxation within the strongly coupled manifold and transfer to localized CT’s are described by the modified Redfield and generalized Förster theories, respectively. A simultaneous and quantitative fit of the 680, 545, and 460 nm kinetics (corresponding to respectively the Qy transitions of the red‐most cofactors, Qx transition of pheophytin, and pheophytin anion absorption) enables us to define the pathways and time scales of primary electron transfer. A consistent modeling of the data is only possible with a Scheme where charge separation occurs from both the accessory chlorophyll and from the special pair, giving rise to fast and slow components of the pheophytin anion formation, respectively.
Subcritical Water as Reaction Environment: Fundamentals of Hydrothermal Biomass Transformation
Authors: Möller Maria , Nilges Peter , Harnisch Falk , Schröder Uwe
Published: February 2011

Subcritical water, that is, water above the boiling and below critical point, is a unique and sustainable reaction medium. Based on its solvent properties, in combination with the often considerable intrinsic water content of natural biomass, it is often considered as a potential solvent for biomass processing. Current knowledge on biomass transformation in subcritical water is, however, still rather scattered without providing a consistent picture. Concentrating on fundamental physical and chemical aspects, this review summarizes the current state of knowledge of hydrothermal biomass conversion in subcritical water. After briefly introducing subcritical water as a reaction medium, its advantages for biomass processing compared to other thermal processes are highlighted. Subsequently, the physical‐chemical properties of subcritical water are discussed in the light of their impact on the occurring chemical reactions. The influence of major operational parameters, including temperature, pressure, and reactant concentration on hydrothermal biomass transformation processes are illustrated for selected carbohydrates. Major emphasis is put on the nature of the carbohydrate monomers, since the conversion of the respective polymers is analogous with the additional prior step of hydrolytic depolymerization.
Comparison of the quality of smears in transbronchial fine‐needle aspirates using two staining methods for rapid on‐site evaluation
Authors: Louw Mercia , Brundyn Karen , Schubert Pawel T. , Wright Colleen A. , Bolliger Chris T. , Diacon Andreas H.
Published: February 2011

Transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) via flexible bronchoscopy is a well‐established sampling modality for lung masses. The procedure is useful in the diagnosis of neoplastic and non‐neoplastic lesions as well as for staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. Rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) adds value as it has the advantage of triaging material during the procedure so avoiding a battery of investigations. Frequently used rapid stains are the modified Wright‐Giemsa water‐based stain (WG‐ROSE) and the alcohol‐based modified Papanicolaou stain (Pap‐ROSE). Final review of laboratory‐based Giemsa and Pap stains supplemented by ancillary investigations is essential for quality assurance. To investigate whether and how ROSE influenced the quantity and quality of the material submitted to the laboratory we randomized 126 patients to WG‐ROSE, requiring only one pathologist on‐site, or combined WG‐ and Pap‐ROSE, requiring an additional person on‐site to assist with staining. In those patients with positive TBNA we graded the laboratory‐based slides of the first pass containing diagnostic material into insufficient, suspicious, adequate and excellent. The first diagnostic pass was found after 3.06 ± 1.94 (SD) passes and 3.13 ± 2.16 passes with WG‐ROSE and combined ROSE (P = 0.87), respectively. Following WG‐ROSE and combined ROSE 69% and 71.1% (P = 0.509) of slides were diagnostic (adequate or excellent) on laboratory‐based Giemsa stains, and 93.3% and 100% (P = 0.134) were scored adequate or excellent on laboratory‐based Pap stains. We concluded that the less costly and labour intensive WG‐ROSE procedure is adequate for TBNA. This has cost implications especially in resource poor settings. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diagnosis of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor (mixed connective tissue type) by cytopathology
Authors: William Josette , Laskin William , Nayar Ritu , de Frias Denise
Published: February 2011

Oncogenic osteomalacia (OO) is a rare paraneoplastic condition in which a bone or soft tissue tumor induces biochemical and clinical signs and symptoms of osteomalacia (or rickets) most often by the production of the phosphaturic protein, fibroblast growth factor‐23. Phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, mixed connective tissue type (PMTMCT) is a rare, histologically distinct tumor that represents the most common cause of OO. As the clinical diagnosis of OO is typically suspected on the basis of clinical and biochemical features and the presence of a bone or soft tissue tumor, cytologic examination might potentially provide the necessary pathologic confirmation of OO. In this case of a 46‐year‐old female with clinical stigmata of OO and a right distal humeral mass, we report that the fine‐needle aspiration findings of short, cytologically bland spindled cells embedded in a fine, fibrillary stromal‐rich matrix and the presence of osteoclast‐type giant cells associated with the stromal matrix provide strong pathological evidence for PMTMCT and assist in pathologically confirming the clinical impression of OO, thus alleviating the need for a more invasive diagnostic surgical procedure Diagn. Cytopathol. 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of DSM‐IV versus proposed DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria for eating disorders: Reduction of eating disorder not otherwise specified and validity
Authors: Keel Pamela K. , Brown Tiffany A. , Holm‐Denoma Jill , Bodell Lindsay P.
Published: February 2011

Objective:

Revised Eating Disorder (ED) diagnostic criteria have been proposed for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM)‐5 to reduce the preponderance of eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS) and increase the validity of diagnostic groups. This article compares DSM‐IV and proposed DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria on number of EDNOS cases and validity.

Method:

Participants (N = 397; 91% female) completed structured clinical interviews in a two‐stage epidemiological study of EDs. Interviewers did not follow standard skip rules, making it possible to evaluate alternative ED diagnostic criteria.

Results:

Using DSM‐IV versus DSM‐5 criteria, 34 (14%) versus 48 (20%) had anorexia nervosa, 43 (18%) versus 44 (18%) had bulimia nervosa, and 163 (68%) had EDNOS versus 20 (8%) had binge eating disorder (BED), and 128 (53%) had EDNOS, respectively, reflecting a significant decrease in EDNOS. Validation analyses supported significant differences among groups with some improvement associated with delineation of BED.

Discussion:

Proposed revisions to EDs in the DSM‐5 significantly reduced reliance on EDNOS without loss of information. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Unconstrained respiration measurement and respiratory arrest detection by dynamic threshold in transferring patients by stretcher
Authors: Kurihara Yosuke , Watanabe Kajiro , Kobayashi Kazuyuki , Tanaka Hiroshi
Published: February 2011

General anesthesia used for surgery may cause an unstable postoperative condition of patients, which could lead to respiratory arrest. Under such circumstances, nurses could fail to recognize changes of condition, and other errors could also occur. It is highly possible that such errors may occur while transferring a patient from the ICU to the room on a stretcher. Monitoring the change in the blood oxygen saturation concentration and other vital signs to detect respiratory arrest is not easy when transferring a patient on a stretcher. We present several noise reduction systems and algorithms to detect respiratory arrest while transferring patients, based on the unconstrained air pressure method that the authors presented previously. It was found that when the stretcher noise was at an acceleration level of 0.5 G, the respiratory arrest detection ratio by this novel method was 65%, while that with the conventional method was 0%. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(3): 41–50, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10295
Effect of smell presentation on individuals with regard to eye catching and memory
Authors: Tomono Akira , Kanda Koyori , Otake Syunya
Published: February 2011

If a person's eyes are more strongly attracted to target objects by matching a smell to an important scene of a movie or a commercial image, the value of the image content will rise. In this paper, we attempt to describe an image system that can also present smells, and the reason for the improvement, as indicated by gaze point analysis, in the presence of smell that is matched to an image. The relationship between the eye‐catching ability and the position of the object of viewing was examined using images with a scene in which someone eats three kinds of fruits. These objects were gazed at for a long time on release of their scents. When the smell was not released, the gaze moved actively in an attempt to receive a lot of information from the entire screen. On the other hand, when the smell was inserted, the subjects became interested in the object and there was a tendency for their gaze to stay within the narrow area surrounding the image. We also investigated the effect on the memory of attaching smells to the flowers in a virtual flower shop by using an immersive virtual reality system (HoloStage™). Memorization was easier than with the scentless case. It appears that viewers obtain information actively by reacting to smell. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(3): 9–19, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10319
Decreasing the energy loss of magnetic domain‐wall motion with nonlinear control
Authors: Mizokami Junji , Okuno Hikaru
Published: February 2011

Chaos and control of Bloch wall motion is investigated. With respect to the frequency and drive force coefficient, the movement of the magnetic domain wall is found to become unstable in the vicinity of 2 MHz and 0.2 TA/m. It is shown that unstable magnetic domain‐wall motion can be stabilized and its energy loss can be decreased by using nonlinear feedback control. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(3): 1–8, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10323
Restoring confidence at the Cancun Climate Change Conference
Authors: Cozier Muriel
Published: February 2011

With pressure high to secure agreement on limiting global temperature rises after a disappointing outcome in Copenhagen, the Cancun Climate Change Conference needed to succeed for the global framework to tackle climate change to stay on track. Although several commitments, including measures on reducing emissions in developing countries and on carbon capture and storage, were made, some business leaders and politicians had a more downbeat assessment of the achievements in Mexico. Muriel Cozier reports on the new challenges facing business and government after the close of the meeting. © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Frequency of cells expressing CD44, a Head and Neck cancer stem cell marker: Correlation with tumor aggressiveness
Authors: Joshua Benzion , Kaplan Michael J. , Doweck Ilana , Pai Reetesh , Weissman Irving L. , Prince Mark E. , Ailles Laurie E.
Published: February 2011

Background

We previously identified by flow cytometry a Lineage‐CD44+ (Lin‐CD44+) subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). We now correlate clinical and histologic factors with Lin‐CD44+ cell frequency.

Methods

The study included 31 patients with HNSCC, of whom 87% had stage IV disease. The frequency of Lin‐CD44+ cells and the success of xenografting patient tumors in mice were correlated with clinical and pathologic data.

Results

The mean frequency of Lin‐CD44+ cells was 25% (0.4%–81%). It was 36% in patients who had recurrence versus 15% for those without recurrence (p = .04). Successful xenograft implantation occurred in 53%. Seventy‐five percent of patients with successful xenografts had recurrence versus 21% of patients with unsuccessful xenografts (p = .003).

Conclusions

Successful xenograft implantation and a high frequency of Lin‐CD44+ cells correlate with known poor prognostic factors such as advanced T classification and recurrence. These findings may support the stem cell concept in HNSCC. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Effectiveness of narrow band imaging in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma after treatment
Authors: Chu Pen‐Yuan , Tsai Tung‐Lung , Tai Shyh‐Kuan , Chang Shyue‐Yih
Published: February 2011

Background

We evaluated the effectiveness of narrow band imaging (NBI) in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) after treatment.

Methods

In all, 101 consecutive OSCC patients underwent NBI examination for posttreatment follow‐up. Four patients had local recurrence. Twenty‐six second primary malignancies were found in 18 patients; 6 patients (33%) had more than 1 lesion. Seventeen lesions (65%) were carcinoma in situ or severe dysplasia. Most of them occurred in the oral cavity (77%).

Results

A higher incidence (18% vs 9%, p = .037) and less‐advanced stage (4% vs 37%, p = .0005) of second primary malignancies were found among the NBI group compared with a previous cohort without NBI examination, and fewer patients needed postoperative adjuvant therapy (12% vs 50%, p = .0005).

Conclusions

NBI is an effective method to identify early lesions in the head and neck area, especially the oral cavity, among patients with OSCC after treatment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Inhibition of placental growth factor activity reduces the severity of fibrosis, inflammation, and portal hypertension in cirrhotic mice
Authors: Steenkiste Christophe Van , Ribera Jordi , Geerts Anja , Pauta Montse , Tugues Sònia , Casteleyn Christophe , Libbrecht Louis , Olievier Kim , Schroyen Ben , Reynaert Hendrik , van Grunsven Leo A. , Blomme Bram , Coulon Stephanie , Heindryckx Femke , De Vos Martine , Stassen Jean Marie , Vinckier Stefan , Altamirano Jose , Bataller Ramón , Carmeliet Peter , Van Vlierberghe Hans , Colle Isabelle , Morales-Ruiz Manuel
Published: February 2011

Placental growth factor (PlGF) is associated selectively with pathological angiogenesis, and PlGF blockade does not affect the healthy vasculature. Anti-PlGF is therefore currently being clinically evaluated for the treatment of cancer patients. In cirrhosis, hepatic fibrogenesis is accompanied by extensive angiogenesis. In this paper, we evaluated the pathophysiological role of PlGF and the therapeutic potential of anti-PlGF in liver cirrhosis. PlGF was significantly up-regulated in the CCl4-induced rodent model of liver cirrhosis as well as in cirrhotic patients. Compared with wild-type animals, cirrhotic PlGF−/− mice showed a significant reduction in angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, inflammation, fibrosis, and portal hypertension. Importantly, pharmacological inhibition with anti-PlGF antibodies yielded similar results as genetic loss of PlGF. Notably, PlGF treatment of activated hepatic stellate cells induced sustained extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation, as well as chemotaxis and proliferation, indicating a previously unrecognized profibrogenic role of PlGF. Conclusion: PlGF is a disease-candidate gene in liver cirrhosis, and inhibition of PlGF offers a therapeutic alternative with an attractive safety profile. (Hepatology 2011;)
Wnt10b activates the wnt, notch, and NFκB pathways in u2os osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Mödder Ulrike I. , Oursler Merry Jo , Khosla Sundeep , Monroe David G.
Published: February 2011

Although osteosarcoma represents the most common bone malignancy, the molecular and cellular mechanisms influencing its pathogenesis have remained elusive. Recent evidence has suggested that the Wnt signaling pathway may play a crucial role in osteosarcoma. This study employed a microarray approach to discover novel genes and pathways involved in Wnt signaling in osteosarcoma. We developed a Wnt10b‐expressing cell line using the human U2OS osteosarcoma model (U2OS‐Wnt10b) and performed microarray and pathway analyses using parental U2OS cells as control. Differential expression of 1,003 genes encompassing 28 pathways was noted. The Wnt, NFκB, and Notch pathways were chosen for further study based on their known importance in bone biology. Known Wnt‐responsive genes Axin‐2 (4.9‐fold), CD44 (2.1‐fold), endothelin‐1 (4.2‐fold) and sclerostin domain containing‐1 (43‐fold) were regulated by Wnt10b. The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1α and tumor necrosis factor‐α, known inducers of NFκB, were upregulated both at the transcript and protein level, and NFκB reporter activity was stimulated 3.8‐fold, confirming NFκB activation. Interestingly, genes involved in Notch signaling [Notch‐1 (2.4‐fold) and Jagged‐1 (3.1‐fold)] were upregulated, whereas the Notch inhibitor, lunatic fringe, was downregulated (8.2‐fold). This resulted in the activation of the classic Notch‐responsive genes, hairy and enhancer of split‐1 (Hes‐1; 2.2‐fold) and hairy/enhancer‐of‐split related with YRPW motif‐1 (Hey‐1; 2.5‐fold). A Hey‐1 reporter construct was regulated 9.1‐fold in U2OS‐Wnt10b cells, confirming Notch activation. Interestingly, Wnt3a failed to induce the Notch and NFκB pathways, demonstrating Wnt‐specificity. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that Wnt10b, but not Wnt3a, stimulates the NFκB and Notch pathways in U2OS osteosarcoma cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1392–1402, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyclophosphamide‐induced apoptosis in A431 cells is inhibited by fucosyltransferase IV
Authors: Yang Xuesong , Liu Yuejian , Liu Jiwei , Wang Xiaoqi , Yan Qiu
Published: February 2011

Fucosyltransferase IV (FUT4) is an essential enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of difucosylated oligosaccharide LeY which is overexpressed in the cancers derived from the epithelial tissues. Our previous studies have shown that FUT4 overexpression promotes A431 cell proliferation through the MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, but the relationship between FUT4 and apoptosis remained unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of FUT4 overexpression on cyclophosphamide (CPA)‐induced apoptosis in A431 cells. Western blot analysis showed that FUT4 overexpression decreased expression of Bax, Caspase 3, and PARP proteins, and increased anti‐apoptotic Bcl‐2 protein in A431 cells. The anti‐apoptosis effect of FUT4 was confirmed both by Annexin‐V/PI and JC‐1 assays. The results showed that FUT4 overexpression up‐regulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and Akt which was inhibited by CPA in dose‐dependent manner. By blocking the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways with specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that these two pathways were required in mediating the anti‐apoptosis effect of FUT4. We concluded that FUT4 inhibited cell apoptosis induced by CPA through decreasing the expression of apoptotic proteins Bax, Caspase 3, and PARP and increasing the expression of anti‐apoptotic protein Bcl‐2 via the ERK/MAPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in A431 cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1376–1383, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The localization of hnRNP A2/B1 in nuclear matrix and the aberrant expression during the RA‐induced differentiation of human neuroblastoma SK‐N‐SH cells
Authors: Liang Ying , Shi Song‐Lin , Li Qi‐Fu , Chen Lan‐Ying , Jing Guang‐Jun , Tan Guo‐Wei , Wang San‐Ying , Wu Fu‐Yun
Published: February 2011

Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A2/B1 is involved in the synthesis of RNA. Its expression is up‐regulated in many tumor cell lines. In this study, we investigated the distribution of hnRNP A2/B1 in the nuclear matrix, including its co‐localization with expression products of related genes. Results from 2‐DE PAGE and MS showed that hnRNP A2/B1 is involved with components of nuclear matrix proteins of SK‐N‐SH cells, and that its expression level is down‐regulated after retinoic acid (RA) treatment. Protein immunoblotting results further confirm the existence of hnRNP A2/B1 in the nuclear matrix, as well as its down‐regulation after RA treatment. Immunofluorescence microscopy observation showed that hnRNP A2/B1 localized in nuclear matrix of SK‐N‐SH cells and its distribution regions were altered after RA treatment. Laser scanning confocal microscopy observation showed that hnRNP A2/B1 co‐localized with c‐Myc, c‐Fos, P53, and Rb in SK‐N‐SH cells. The co‐localized region was altered as a result of RA treatment. Our data proved that hnRNP A2/B1 is a nuclear matrix protein and can be up‐regulated in human neuroblastoma. The expression and distribution of hnRNP A2/B1 can affect the differentiation of SK‐N‐SH cells, as well as its co‐localization with related oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1722–1729, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amphiphilic peptides with arginines and valines for the delivery of plasmid DNA
Authors: Ryu Dong‐Wook , Kim Hyun Ah , Song Hojung , Kim Soonhag , Lee Minhyung
Published: February 2011

A non‐toxic and efficient gene carrier is one requirement for clinical gene therapy. In this study, amphiphilic peptides composed of arginines and valines were synthesized and characterized as plasmid DNA (pDNA) carriers. The peptides have a cationic region containing 1–4 arginines and a hydrophobic region containing 6 valines. The arginine–valine peptides (RV peptides) formed micelles in aqueous solution with a critical micelle concentration (CMC) of 1.35 mg/ml. In gel retardation assay, the RV peptides retarded all pDNA at weight ratios (pDNA:RV peptide) of 1:3 for R1V6, 1:2 for R2V6 and R3V6, and 1:1 for R4V6. A heparin competition assay showed that the R3V6 peptide formed tighter complexes with pDNA than poly‐L‐lysine (PLL). In vitro transfection assay into HEK293 cells showed that the R1V6 and R2V6 peptides had the highest transfection efficiencies at 1:30 weight ratios (pDNA:RV peptide), while the R3V6 and R4V6 peptides had the highest efficiencies at 1:20 weight ratios. Under optimal conditions, the R3V6 peptide had the highest transfection efficiency of all the RV peptides and PLL. MTT assay showed that the RV peptides did not have any detectable toxicity to cells. Therefore, the RV peptide may be useful for the development of non‐toxic gene carriers. J. Cell. Biochem. 112: 1458–1466, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.