bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Influencing the influencers:” a field experimental approach to promoting effective mental health communication on TikTok
Authors: Motta Matt , Liu Yuning , Yarnell Amanda
Published: March 2024

A substantial body of social scientific research considers the negative mental health consequences of social media use on TikTok. Fewer, however, consider the potentially positive impact that mental health content creators (“influencers”) on TikTok can have to improve health outcomes; including the degree to which the platform exposes users to evidence-based mental health communication. Our novel, influencer-led approach remedies this shortcoming by attempting to change TikTok creator content-producing behavior via a large, within-subject field experiment (N = 105 creators with a reach of over 16.9 million viewers; N = 3465 unique videos). Our randomly-assigned field intervention exposed influencers on the platform to either (a) asynchronous digital (.pdf) toolkits, or (b) both toolkits and synchronous virtual training sessions that aimed to promote effective evidence-based mental health communication (relative to a control condition, exposed to neither intervention). We find that creators treated with our asynchronous toolkits—and, in some cases, those also attending synchronous training sessions—were significantly more likely to (i) feature evidence-based mental health content in their videos and (ii) generate video content related to mental health issues. Moderation analyses further reveal that these effects are not limited to only those creators with followings under 2 million users. Importantly, we also document large system-level effects of exposure to our interventions; such that TikTok videos featuring evidence-based content received over half a million additional views in the post-intervention period in the study’s treatment groups, while treatment group mental health content (in general) received over three million additional views. We conclude by discussing how simple, cost-effective, and influencer-led interventions like ours can be deployed at scale to influence mental health content on TikTok.
BrainNet: a fusion assisted novel optimal framework of residual blocks and stacked autoencoders for multimodal brain tumor classification
Authors: Ullah Muhammad Sami , Khan Muhammad Attique , Almujally Nouf Abdullah , Alhaisoni Majed , Akram Tallha , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: March 2024

A significant issue in computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) for medical applications is brain tumor classification. Radiologists could reliably detect tumors using machine learning algorithms without extensive surgery. However, a few important challenges arise, such as (i) the selection of the most important deep learning architecture for classification (ii) an expert in the field who can assess the output of deep learning models. These difficulties motivate us to propose an efficient and accurate system based on deep learning and evolutionary optimization for the classification of four types of brain modalities (t1 tumor, t1ce tumor, t2 tumor, and flair tumor) on a large-scale MRI database. Thus, a CNN architecture is modified based on domain knowledge and connected with an evolutionary optimization algorithm to select hyperparameters. In parallel, a Stack Encoder–Decoder network is designed with ten convolutional layers. The features of both models are extracted and optimized using an improved version of Grey Wolf with updated criteria of the Jaya algorithm. The improved version speeds up the learning process and improves the accuracy. Finally, the selected features are fused using a novel parallel pooling approach that is classified using machine learning and neural networks. Two datasets, BraTS2020 and BraTS2021, have been employed for the experimental tasks and obtained an improved average accuracy of 98% and a maximum single-classifier accuracy of 99%. Comparison is also conducted with several classifiers, techniques, and neural nets; the proposed method achieved improved performance.
Molecular architecture and platelet-activating properties of small immune complexes assembled on heparin and platelet factor 4
Authors: Yang Yang , Du Yi , Ivanov Daniil , Niu Chendi , Clare Rumi , Smith James W. , Nazy Ishac , Kaltashov Igor A.
Published: March 2024

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is an adverse reaction to heparin leading to a reduction in circulating platelets with an increased risk of thrombosis. It is precipitated by polymerized immune complexes consisting of pathogenic antibodies that recognize a small chemokine platelet factor 4 (PF4) bound to heparin. Characterization of these immune complexes is extremely challenging due to the enormous structural heterogeneity of such macromolecular assemblies and their constituents. Native mass spectrometry demonstrates that up to three PF4 tetramers can be assembled on a heparin chain, consistent with the molecular modeling studies showing facile polyanion wrapping along the polycationic belt on the PF4 surface. Although these assemblies can accommodate a maximum of only two antibodies, the resulting immune complexes are capable of platelet activation despite their modest size. Taken together, these studies provide further insight into molecular mechanisms of HIT and other immune disorders where anti-PF4 antibodies play a central role.
A conducting polymer-based array with multiplex sensing and drug delivery capabilities for smart bandages
Authors: Meng Lingyin , Liu Sheng , Borsa Baris Ata , Eriksson Mats , Mak Wing Cheung
Published: March 2024

Effective individual wound management, particularly in cases of prolonged healing and increased infection vulnerability, has prompted the development of wound theranostics, combining real-time diagnostic assessment and on-demand treatment. Here, we present a multifunctional conducting polymer-based smart theranostic bandage that integrates pH sensing, pH-compensated uric acid (UA) biosensing, and on-demand antibiotic release using different conducting polymers, each leveraging their advantageous intrinsic properties. Specifically, the polyaniline-based pH sensor operates reversibly across a pH range of 4–10, while the functionalized poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-based UA biosensor exhibits a linear response up to 0.9 mM UA. Simultaneous detection of pH and UA allows accurate UA determination via pH compensation. Upon detecting abnormal pH/UA levels, the polypyrrole-based drug carrier releases ciprofloxacin via 0.6 V electrical stimulation, successfully inhibiting bacterial growth in vitro. The array is assembled as a 3D patch, connected to a flexible printed circuit board, and embedded in a wound bandage, offering potential for remote wound monitoring, targeted treatment, and wireless wound management.
Endergonic synthesis driven by chemical fuelling
Authors: Olivieri Enzo , Gallagher James M. , Betts Alexander , Mrad Toufic W. , Leigh David A.
Published: March 2024

Spontaneous chemical reactions proceed energetically downhill to either a local or global minimum, limiting possible transformations to those that are exergonic. Endergonic reactions do not proceed spontaneously and require an input of energy. Light has been used to drive a number of deracemizations and thermodynamically unfavourable bond-forming reactions, but is restricted to substrates that can absorb, directly or indirectly, energy provided by photons. In contrast, anabolism involves energetically uphill transformations powered by chemical fuels. Here we report on the transduction of energy from an artificial chemical fuel to drive a thermodynamically unfavourable Diels–Alder reaction. Carboxylic acid catalysed carbodiimide-to-urea formation is chemically orthogonal to the reaction of the diene and dienophile, but transiently brings the functional groups into close proximity, causing the otherwise prohibited cycloaddition to proceed in modest yield (15% after two fuelling cycles) and with high levels of regio- (>99%) and stereoselectivity (92:8 exo:endo). Kinetic asymmetry in the fuelling cycle ratchets the Diels–Alder reaction away from the equilibrium distribution of the Diels–Alder:retro-Diels–Alder products. The driving of the endergonic reaction occurs through a ratchet mechanism (an energy or information ratchet, depending on the synthetic protocol), reminiscent of how molecular machines directionally bias motion. Ratcheting synthesis has the potential to expand the synthetic chemistry toolbox in terms of reactivity, complexity and control.
Toward a circular economy: zero-waste manufacturing of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites
Authors: Barnett Philip R. , Hmeidat Nadim S. , Zheng Bingqian , Penumadu Dayakar
Published: March 2024

Fiber-reinforced composites are becoming ubiquitous as a way of lightweighting in the wind, aerospace, and automotive industries, but current recycling technologies fall short of a circular economy. In this work, fiber-reinforced composites made of recycled carbon fiber and polyphenylene sulfide were recycled and remanufactured using common processing technologies such as compression and injection molding. An industrially viable size-exclusive sieving technique was used to retain fiber length and reduce variability in the mechanical properties of the remanufactured composites. Fiber length reduction alone could not explain the strength reductions apparent in the composites, which we propose are due to microstructural inhomogeneity as defined by poor dispersion of the fibers. Future recycling efforts must focus on fiber length retention and good dispersion to make composite remanufacturing a viable path toward a circular economy.
The ‘communicatome’ of pregnancy: spotlight on cellular and extravesicular chimerism
Authors: Graf Isabel , Urbschat Christopher , Arck Petra C
Published: March 2024

Communication via biological mediators between mother and fetus are key to reproductive success and offspring’s future health. The repertoire of mediators coding signals between mother and fetus is broad and includes soluble factors, membrane-bound particles and immune as well as non-immune cells. Based on the emergence of technological advancements over the last years, considerable progress has been made toward deciphering the “communicatome” between fetus and mother during pregnancy and even after birth. In this context, pregnancy-associated chimerism has sparked the attention among immunologists, since chimeric cells—although low in number—are maintained in the allogeneic host (mother or fetus) for years after birth. Other non-cellular structures of chimerism, e.g. extracellular vesicles (EVs), are increasingly recognized as modulators of pregnancy outcome and offspring’s health. We here discuss the origin, distribution and function of pregnancy-acquired microchimerism and chimeric EVs in mother and offspring. We also highlight the pioneering concept of maternal microchimeric cell-derived EVs in offspring. Such insights expand the understanding of pregnancy-associated health or disease risks in mother and offspring.
Magnetotransport spectroscopy of electroburnt graphene nanojunctions
Authors: Jin Zhengyang , Xi Caigan , Chen Jun , Ouyang Yiping , Wang Feng , Zhang Minhao , Song Fengqi
Published: March 2024

Graphene quantum dots with Coulomb blockade phenomenon can be fabricated through electroburning. The alteration in magnetoconductance at the Coulomb peak is possibly due to the formation of Landau levels with the graphene leads.
Converging optical and electrochemical detection strategies for multimodal hydrazine sensing: insights into substituent-driven diverse response
Authors: Fernandes Rikitha S. , Vasistha Sahil Deepak , Singh Ritesh Kumar , Goel Sanket , Dey Nilanjan
Published: March 2024

A pair of pyrene-based chalcogen derivatives have been developed, which demonstrate multimodal ratiometric response towards hydrazine.
Direct solid sample analysis of low-cost jewelry using spectroanalytical techniques: exploratory chemical data evaluation and metal migration with synthetic sweat
Authors: Lorena de Araújo Thaila , Verbi Pereira Fabiola Manhas , Pereira-Filho Edenir Rodrigues
Published: March 2024

Jewelry samples were directly analyzed using LIBS and XRF.
Correction: Synthesis of glycerol carbonate using Li/Mg/K modified zeolite beta: a kinetic study
Authors: Gautam Priyanka , Barman Sanghamitra , Ali Amjad
Published: March 2024

Correction for ‘Synthesis of glycerol carbonate using Li/Mg/K modified zeolite beta: a kinetic study’ by Priyanka Gautam et al., New J. Chem., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d3nj05074b.
Vinylogous and stereoselective domino synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrroles from alkylidene meldrum's acids
Authors: Savchuk Mariia , Vo-Thanh Giang , Oudeyer Sylvain , Beucher Hélène , Brière Jean-François
Published: March 2024

An expeditious diatereoselective synthesis of pyrano[2,3-c]pyrroles thanks to a domino Vinylogous aza-Michael-Aldol-Cyclocondensation (aza-VMAC) reaction to alkylidene Meldrum's acid derivatives.
Recent trends on the application of phytochemical-based compounds as additives in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Chepngetich Naomy , Mumbi Gloria M. , Meheretu M. Getnet , Richard Koech K. , Yegon Geoffrey K. , Chepkwony Sarah C. , Rono K. Charles , Sanni Dahiru , Bello Abdulhakeem , Ntsoenzok Esidor
Published: March 2024

Phytochemical-based additives have functional groups that can modulate the nucleation and crystallization process of perovskite films resulting in improved optoelectronic and degradation resistance.
Direct single‐phase isolated improved gamma Z‐source AC–AC converter suitable for DVR application
Authors: Majarshin Alireza Razavi , Babaei Ebrahim , Khoshkbar‐Sadigh Arash
Published: March 2024

A direct single‐phase isolated improved gamma Z‐source AC–AC converter is designed and manufactured in proposed paper. This converter contains an impedance source structure and its advantages. In general, these advantages are as follows. Firstly, the proposed structure has a wide range of output voltage as boost and buck as well as in‐phase or out‐of‐phase states. Secondly, the proposed converter is electrically isolated thanks to a high frequency transformer (HFT), which significantly reduces the volume of the structure; therefore, in applications such as dynamic voltage restorer (DVR), there is no need to install a coupling transformer with the grid frequency which is very bulky and full of losses. Furthermore, the HFT of the proposed converter is a three winding transformer which also acts as the inductance needed for impedance source network. In addition, the safe commutation method has been utilized, which reduces the voltage spikes on the power switches. Finally, the analysis and design of this converter has been done, and then confirmed by a small‐scale laboratory prototype.
Design and Build an Application for Monitoring the Spread of Covid-19 Based on GIS for the Cileungsi District
Authors: Nurkholis  , Wilarso  , Sukamto Pria
Published: March 2024

An infectious respiratory disease called Covid-19 is brought on by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is thought that the rare Covid-19 Omicron variant is a global epidemic since it is disseminating so swiftly and broadly. It is essential that the community receives timely and accurate information on Covid -19. Because handwritten reports in Excel format are still used for Covid-19 patient data collection, it is difficult to reliably and effectively gather data. Comprehensive and in-depth Covid-19 data will be provided for the Cileungsi sub-district in the Bogor Regency as part of this project. The prototype approach was chosen for this study because it provides a method for quickly and gradually developing apps and allows user-direct evaluation. Since Leaflet can be trusted to display data in the form of a spatial map and its attributes, it will be utilized to build the application. The use of the MySQL database will significantly aid in the storage of map data in the form of spatial and other general data. The software will be simpler to use for the general public if data is displayed in a user-friendly, interactive, real-time GIS map format.
Development of an Arduino-Based Monitoring System for Pico-Hydro Power Plants
Authors: Supardi Agus , Abdulah Muhammad Maskur
Published: March 2024

One of the problems faced by people in remote areas is the unavailability of infrastructure for power distribution. The available rivers can be used to generate electrical energy. The developed systems must be inexpensive, easy to operate and reliable. It should be equipped with a monitoring system to display the output. This study aims to develop a pico-hydro power plant and its monitoring system to meet the power needs in remote areas. The power plant consists of a small turbine, a generator, a battery charger, and a battery while the monitoring system consists of a current sensor, voltage sensor, Arduino Nano, and a display. The system was tested in the laboratory and the river. The test of the DC voltage sensor, AC voltage sensor, and DC current sensor produces errors of 1.88%, 5.24%, and 1.25% respectively. The no-load test shows that the system generates a voltage of 12.77 - 16.6 VDC and 224 - 245 VAC when rotated at 696 - 1363 RPM. When loaded, the system generates voltages of 12 - 12.8 VDC and 225 - 247 VAC when rotated at 1332 - 1564 RPM. The developed system can be used by people in remote areas to meet their power needs.
Performance Analysis of Stirling Engine Type Alpha Using Thermodynamic Approach Based on Schmidt Theory
Authors: Rahmanto Raden Hengki , Handoyo Yopi , Asrori Fahrizal Zain
Published: March 2024

Environmental concern and the impact on climate change have spawned various technological innovations for high efficiency engines that save fuel and produce less carbon emissions. Technological innovations that operate on a closed cycle can use variety of heat sources, produce no emissions and very high efficiency was Stirling engine. This research aims to design a Stirling engine type Alpha with a capacity of 228 cc with a phase angle of 90 degrees, then analyze its performance in the form of power indicators and thermal efficiency indicators and determine the effect of the increase in temperature difference between the compression chamber temperature and the expansion chamber temperature towards engine rotation speed. The method used to analyze engine performance is the Schmidt method, which is a Stirling engine performance analysis method based on isothermal expansion and ideal gas compression. The result of this research is that the Stirling engine which is designed starts working when the compression chamber temperature is 31.9 degrees Celsius and the expansion chamber temperature is 482.2 degrees Celsius. The highest engine speed is 598 rpm which is obtained at a compression chamber temperature of 45.5 degrees Celsius and an expansion chamber temperature of 662.4 degrees Celsius. The engine power indicator is 194.6 watt at 598 rpm, while the thermal efficiency indicator is 65.94 percent. Based on the experimental data, it is also known that the increase in temperature difference between the compression chamber temperature and the expansion chamber temperature causes an increase in engine rotation speed.
Geochemical Characteristics of the Mallawa Formation, and its Relationship with the History of Source Rock Formation in the South Makassar Basin, South Sulawesi
Authors: Yusuf Ariq Haykal , Puteri Amalia Yunita , Cifa Aufariq Asaria , Sutadiwiria Yarra , Rendy
Published: March 2024

A hydrocarbon system to determine the hydrocarbon potential in an area can be determined by the presence of three main components that ensure its existence together, one of main components are source rock. The South Makassar Basin has the potential to have a petroleum system that acts as a source rock for the Mallawa Formation. Source rock is a component of the petroleum system that has the ability to produce and store hydrocarbons, where this rock is generally a rock with fine grains such as coal or shale. Oil and gas exploration in Indonesia is a common thing because there are many prospect areas that have the potential to produce hydrocarbons. The South Makassar Basin is a Tertiary sedimentary basin of land type which is geographically located along West Sulawesi to South Sulawesi and this basin occurs due to tectonics or structures with high frequency. The South Makassar Basin was formed as a result of the expansion of the Makassar Strait which occurred at no younger than the Early Paleocene age where the tectonic consequences would influence the maturation process of the source rocks in the South Makassar Basin. Apart from that, in this research a geochemical method was carried out in the form of laboratory analysis to determine the maturity of the source rock using cuttings samples. So this research provides something new in the exploration of the maturity of source rocks, which in the South Sulawesi area has a complex tectonic setting.
The Influence of Organizational Readiness on e-Commerce Adoption and Its Impact on Micro-enterprises Performance
Authors: Purwantini Anissa Hakim , Hidayati Luk Luk Atul , Aligarh Frank
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigates and analyze the influence of technological readiness, organizational readiness and the environment on e-commerce adoption and its impact on MSMEs performance empirically. This research used samples from MSMEs in the Food and Beverage Sector in Magelang City using a convenience sampling method, obtaining a sample of 115 samples. Based on the results of data analysis, this research revealed that Organizational Readiness has a positive effect on e-commerce adoption. Meanwhile, Technology Readiness, External Environment, and Mobile Environment have no effect on E-Commerce Adoption. Furthermore, E-Commerce Adoption has a positive effect on MSMEs Performance.
Study of current benthic foraminifera as environmental bioindicators in the mediterranean coasts, northwest Morocco
Authors: El Bakkali Ayoub , Afilal Haitam , Trankil Abdellah , Rezqi Halima , Ed-Daoudy Lhoussain , Rossi Abdelhamid
Published: March 2024

In this project, we introduce a novel methodology for analysing the environmental conditions in the coastal area of Martil (Tétouan, Morocco) using benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of marine ecological status. Benthic foraminifera have emerged as reliable indicators of environmental pollution, Their sensitivity to environmental changes, wide geographic presence, and short life cycle make them ideal for indicating the ecological status. Our study focused on the Mediterranean coastal region, along a radial perpendicular to the coast, at different depths, at the mouth of the Martil River, in addition to a control sample collected in the Azla region at a depth of 25 meters. Abiotic parameters like pH, temperature, and dissolved oxygen were measured on-site, complemented by detailed sedimentary analyses in the laboratory. A meticulous protocol was followed for the study of microfauna, particularly benthic foraminifera, involving washing, extraction, sorting, species identification, statistical counting, and microscopic imaging. Utilizing CA and AHC analyses, we identified factors influencing benthic foraminifera distribution, such as sediment depth and grain size variations. Specific indices derived from foraminifera data allowed us to assess stress levels accurately. This comprehensive approach provides valuable insights into evaluating the ecological health of Morocco's coastal marine ecosystems, paving the way for informed conservation efforts and sustainable management practices.
Characterization of marine litter on the beaches surrounding Marchica Lagoon, Morocco
Authors: Laqsir Chourouq , Oujidi Bouchra , Azaaouaj Soria , Abid Abdeslam , Nachite Driss , Kabriti Mohamed , Layachi Mostafa , Kaddouri Sanae , Aitali Rajaa , Baghour Mourad , Skalli Ali , El Bouch Mohammed , Akodad Mustapha
Published: March 2024

Marchica lagoon, a Ramsar site on Morocco's Mediterranean coast, has emerged as a prominent tourist destination within the Mediterranean region. However, the summer tourism is often accompanied by a rise in waste accumulation, especially on the surrounding beaches. The focus of this study is a detailed analysis of marine litter found on the beaches near Marchica Lagoon, specifically Al Mohandis, Bocana, and Nador Artificial Beach. The data collection for this study was carried out over a three-day period prior to the summer season in June 2023. The methodology adhered to the established protocols of the "Guidance on Monitoring of Marine Litter in European Seas." A total of 731 items of marine debris were collected from these three beaches, with an overall weight of 20395 kg. The composition of the collected debris revealed that polymer materials were the most prevalent, accounting for 81% of the total debris, followed by paper/cardboard (6.3%), metal (6.2%), processed wood (2.9%), glass/ceramics (1.9%), and cloth/textile (1.78%). The analysis indicates that the majority of the marine debris is associated with the activities of beach visitors. It is recommended that public awareness initiatives be implemented and solid waste management practices improved.
Assessment of Climate Predictions for the Oued Laou watershed in Northern Morocco: A comparison of two predictive models
Authors: El Hamdouni Yassir , Briak Hamza , Beroho Mohamed , Aboumaria Khadija
Published: March 2024

Focusing on the Oued Laou watershed, this study presents an innovative approach to simulate daily precipitation over a 35-year period in northern Morocco. We used the SARIMAX (AutoRegressive Seasonal Moving Average with Exogenous Variables) model and combined its potential with the Python programming language to achieve these Predictions. The SARIMAX model is an advanced time series analysis tool that integrates exogenous, autoregressive, seasonal and integrated variables. This model is capable of accurately predicting daily, monthly and annual precipitation averages for the study period. The climate projections obtained suggest that precipitation in the study area will decrease and it’s accompanied by increasing temperatures. This could have significant impacts on ecosystems, water resources and the agricultural sector. This study provides essential information for a better understanding of the particular climatic trends in northern Morocco. It provides a sound basis for making informed decisions on the sustainable management of natural resources. This information will be essential in anticipating and mitigating the effects of climate change, particularly with regard to precipitation and its potential impacts it could have on the environment and agriculture.
A Recommended Monitoring Tool for the marine ecological status studies in the Western Moroccan Mediterranean coastal areas
Authors: Afilal Haitam , El Bakkali Ayoub , Lahkim-Bennani Mohamed-Amine , Ed-daoudy Lhoussaine , Rghif Yousra , Trankil Abdellah , Lahmam Nouh , Bouzid Saida , Rossi Abdelhamid
Published: March 2024

This research provides general guidelines for monitoring the environmental quality state of the marine ecosystems using benthic microfauna as a bioindicator tool in the Western Moroccan Mediterranean coastal areas. The current faunistic composition of 18 superficial sediment samples collected in areas having a wild range of environmental conditions have been the subject of factorial correspondence and hierarchical classification analysis, allowing us to follow the distribution patterns of the benthic assemblages. Considering the influence of both hydrodynamic and sedimental conditions on the superficial sediment, recognized in this study as the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of species in this type of environment, we were able to delineate three environmental units, with specific faunistic response related to the corresponding environmental conditions. Leading us to identify the optimal sampling area for the biomonitoring surveys in this region. Shallow and high-energy coastal areas were found to limit data collection and the representation of the sampling area, while low-energy areas were identified as ideal for environmental surveys, showcasing strong faunistic response to stressful conditions. we recommend to conduct the ecological monitoring studies in the 10–30-meter depth range, where the environmental conditions favor the assessment of the current environmental quality state by the benthic microfauna.
Mapping the vulnerability of coastal areas of the Eastern region of Morocco (ERM) to oil spills risk
Authors: Achhima Fadoua , Sebbah Boutaina , Wahbi Miriam , Elkasbi Mariam , Alaoui Othmane Yazidi , Boulaassal Hakim , El Kharki Omar , Maâtouk Mustapha
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study is to generate maps of coastal areas based on the Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) to assess oil spills risk. These maps have become a crucial tool for operational responders. ESI is a tool developed to evaluate the sensitivity of coastal environments and provides a method to assess the impact of oil spills systematically IPIECA. IMO. IOGP, (Juillet 2012). The establishment of the future Nador West Med oil transshipment port is expected to make maritime transport of hydrocarbons a significant source of pollution along the Eastern Region of Morocco (ERM), given the substantial traffic in these products. Through satellite imagery, it has been possible to observe and recognize the different geomorphological formations along the coast. In order to map these sites based on ESI index and describe their characteristics, it is essential to utilize Geographic Information System (GIS) and multi-criteria analysis methods to manage all relevant information. The produced maps provide valuable support to stakeholders in coastal management of oil spills response. Furthermore, ESI is used for coastal area management and preservation, particularly in identifying ecologically valuable regions. There are plans to implement a real-time alarm system to visualize coastal areas sensitivity in terms of the ESI index, guiding pollution control in the coastal areas.
Integer k-matching preclusion of graphs
Authors: Chang Caibing , Liu Yan
Published: March 2024

As a generalization of matching preclusion number of a graph, we provide the (strong) integer k-matching preclusion number, abbreviated as MPk number (SMPk number), which is the minimum number of edges (vertices and edges) whose deletion results in a graph that has neither perfect integer k-matching nor almost perfect integer k-matching. In this paper, we obtain a necessary condition of graphs with an almost-perfect integer k-matching and a relational expression between the matching number and the integer k-matching number of bipartite graphs. And then the MPk number and the SMPk number of complete graphs, bipartite graphs and arrangement graphs are obtained, respectively.
Süßstoffe und ihre Wirkung auf das Körpergewicht
Authors: Kabisch Stefan
Published: March 2024

Süßstoffe sind chemisch, geschmacklich und biologisch heterogene, hochpotente
Süßungsmittel, die in kalorienreduzierten Getränken, hochprozessierten Speisen
und diätetischen Ersatzmahlzeiten verwendet werden. Maximal empfohlene
Verzehrsmengen (“acceptable daily intake”, ADI) werden bei ausgewogener
Ernährung und bei ausgeprägter Nutzung trotz konservativer Auslegung meist nicht
erreicht. Süßstoffmischungen begünstigen die Unterschreitung der ADIs und die
Geschmacksoptimierung.

Epidemiologisch ist Süßstoffverzehr mit Adipositas, Typ-2- Diabetes,
kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen und Krebs assoziiert. Starke Confounder (andere
Lebensstilfaktoren) und „reverse causality“ schwächen aber die Aussagekraft.

In verblindeten randomisiert-kontrollierten Studien (RCTs) bewirken Süßstoffe
gegenüber Zucker eine signifikante Reduktion von Körpergewicht und Leberfett,
während glykämische Parameter zum Nachteil trenden. Der Gewichtsverlust liegt
unter der Erwartung gemäß der theoretisch eingesparten Kalorien. Psychologische
oder metabolische Störeffekte der Süßstoffe sind daher aktuell Gegenstand
intensiver Forschung, bei der das Inkretinsystem, die Konditionierung auf
Süßreize und das Darmmikrobiom Ansatzpunkte darstellen.
Auswertung von „Real-World“-Daten aus einem 6-monatigen
Abnehmkurs
Authors: Gemesi Kathrin , Schmidt-Tesch Susanne , Krowartz Eva-Maria , Holzapfel Christina , Hauner Hans
Published: March 2024

Hintergrund Die Datenlage für Deutschland zur Effektivität von
niederschwelligen multimodalen Programmen zur Gewichtsreduktion ist begrenzt.
Die vorliegende Auswertung von „Real-World“-Daten untersucht den Effekt eines
Abnehmkurses auf das Körpergewicht.

Material und Methoden Der Abnehmkurs „Erfolgreich abnehmen“ beinhaltet ein
multimodales 6-monatiges Programm bestehend aus Ernährungs- und
Bewegungseinheiten plus medizinischer Betreuung und wurde seit 2011 regelmäßig
am Institut für Ernährungsmedizin der Technischen Universität München
durchgeführt. Daten zum Körpergewicht wurden erfasst und mittels
Intention-To-Treat (ITT) und Completers-Analyse evaluiert.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 17 Kurse mit 152 Erwachsenen (73,7% weiblich;
47,0±11,8 Jahre alt) ausgewertet. Zu Beginn lag der Body Mass Index (BMI) bei
38,6±5,6 kg/m2. Multiple lineare Regressionsmodelle zeigten nach
sechs Monaten einen statistisch signifikanten Gewichtsunterschied von − 4,3 kg
für die „Baseline observation carried forward“ (BOCF) Analyse und − 6,6 kg
(jeweils p<0,001) für die Completers-Analyse.

Schlussfolgerung Der 6-monatige multimodale Abnehmkurs „Erfolgreich
abnehmen“ erwies sich unter realen Bedingungen als kurzfristig wirksam und
durchführbar.
Adipositastherapie in Deutschland – quo vadis?
Authors: Hauner Hans
Published: March 2024

Die Behandlung der Adipositas steht derzeit vor einem gewaltigen Umbruch. Dazu
tragen mehrere Entwicklungen gleichzeitig bei: neue gewichtssenkende
Medikamente, Innovationen in der interventionellen Adipositastherapie, digitale
Therapieoptionen und nicht zuletzt politische Entscheidungen. Die
Herausforderung besteht darin, diese Veränderungen sinnvoll zu kombinieren und
daraus ein rationales System zu formen, das die Behandlung von Menschen mit
Adipositas substanziell verbessert. Es wird in den nächsten Jahren entscheidend
darauf ankommen, dass sich die verschiedenen Parteien/Stakeholder auf machbare
und schrittweise Änderungsprozesse verständigen. Eine bessere Versorgung wird
zunächst das Gesundheitssystem belasten, mittelfristig ist aber eine Eindämmung
der Adipositasepidemie und eine Kosteneinsparung durch die Vermeidung teurer
Begleit- und Folgekrankheiten zu erwarten. Ähnlich wichtig ist ein breiter
gesellschaftlicher Konsens, um endlich Maßnahmen zur Verringerung der adipogenen
Lebensbedingungen zu ergreifen.
Immune Changes in Infants of Preeclampsia Mothers: A Systematic Review of Literature
Authors: Ali Ahmed S. , Ghazally Marwa , Fathy Mohamed Amir , Atwa Samia , Abdel-Aziz Safwat M.
Published: March 2024

Preeclampsia (PE) is a prevalent disease especially in developing countries. PE influences maternal immune cells and cytokines, with prevailing of proinflammatory cytokines and reduction of regulatory cells. It has a short- and long-term impact on newborn mortalities and morbidities. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of previous literature discussing the effect of PE on infant immunity to help design future research. A comprehensive search was done on three databases including PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE with mesh and text terms. We could identify 851 titles published from 2000 to the time of search. Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria, and they were included in the quality assessment. Twenty-four studies were identified, covering the impact of PE on various neonatal immune cells and cytokines. PE is associated with a decrease in the number of several immune cells in newborns, particularly neutrophils, with enhancing cytotoxic effect of both neutrophils and natural killer (NK) cells. Treg cells were considerably reduced with increase of cytotoxic T cells CD8+ and memory cells CD45RO+ in both CD4+ and CD8 + . Proinflammatory cytokines like IL6, IL8, and TNF were raised in severe PE. PE is linked to a decrease in regulatory immune cells and an increase in the immune cells' cytotoxic capability, as well as the prevalence of proinflammatory cytokines in newborns. These changes were observed in cord blood and peripheral blood samples; however, future research should investigate the long-term effect of PE on neonatal immunity.
Green digital finance and technology diffusion
Authors: Tan Xiujie , Cheng Si , Liu Yishuang
Published: March 2024

Technology diffusion is essential for sustainable development. However, traditional financing faces structural problems in supporting technological innovation and diffusion. Fortunately, greening and digitalisation have become important directions for the financial development. It’s well worth examining whether green digital finance would promote the diffusion of technology among regions. Therefore, this study explores the causal relationship between green digital finance and technology diffusion using the panel data of 35,532 ‘citing city-cited city’ pair observations from 2002 to 2015. Considering different spatial spillover effects of administrative boundaries and geographic distances, it applies and extends the classic spatial Dubin model with a dual-weighted boundary and distance. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, green digital finance shows significant and considerable spatial stimulus effects, particularly in terms of spatial diffusion across cities. A slight cumulative phenomenon is revealed for different technology diffusion durations. Green digital credit, investment, and support have better stimulating effects on technology diffusion. Second, digital economy and market integration are effective mechanism pathways during this stimulating process of green digital finance on technology diffusion. Digitalisation innovation has a better mechanism effect than others. Third, considering the direction of technology diffusion, the diffusion effect from the east-region cities was better than that from the central-west-region cities.
Artificial intelligence and the future of the internal audit function
Authors: Wassie Fekadu Agmas , Lakatos László Péter
Published: March 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) can support the company’s internal audit function (IAF) by delivering substantial strategic oversight, minimizing manual procedures, and making possible additional value-added auditing service. Currently, there are research gaps in the literature, such as limited studies on the topic, low AI adoption rates in the IAF across different countries and regions, and a shortage of comprehensive frameworks for effectively using AI in the IAF. Hence, this review work aims to fill the research gap by offering an outline of research avenues on the topic in the literature and suggesting a new compressive framework for the effective use of AI in the IAF. This paper undertakes a systematic literature review (SLR) approach and aspires to highlight the state of research on the use of AI in the IAF, to deliver insight for scholars and industry experts on the issue, and to reveal the implications for IAF of the new AI technology. Moreover, to quickly make artificial intelligence work in internal audit functions, the CACS framework was recommended with attributes such as commitment, access, capability, and skills development (CACS). This work provides significant contributions for guiding future research directions and the development of theoretical foundations for the IAF field. On a practical level, the work will help internal auditors to assess and understand the potential advantages and risks of implementing AI in their organization’s IAF. For regulators, this review should prove useful for updating regulations on internal auditing in the context of using advanced technology such as AI and for ensuring the compliance of internal auditing practices to the evolving technology. Organizations can also benefit from this review to decide whether AI investments in their IAF are justified. This review made an initial extensive SLR on AI use in the IAF as a basis for developing new research avenues in auditing and accounting.
Physical-layer key distribution using synchronous complex dynamics of DBR semiconductor lasers
Authors: Wang Anbang , Du Yicheng , Li Qingtian , Wang Longsheng , Jia Zhiwei , Qin Yuwen , Wang Yuncai
Published: March 2024

Common-signal-induced synchronization of semiconductor lasers with optical feedback inspired a promising physical-layer key distribution with information-theoretic security and potential in high rate. A significant challenge is the requirement to shorten the synchronization recovery time for increasing the key rate without sacrificing the operation parameter space for security. Here, open-loop synchronization of wavelength-tunable multi-section distributed Bragg reflector lasers is proposed as a solution for physical-layer key distribution. Experiments show that the synchronization is sensitive to two operation parameters, i.e., currents of grating section and phase section. Furthermore, fast wavelength-shift keying synchronization can be achieved by direct modulation on one of the two currents. The synchronization recovery time is shortened by one order of magnitude compared to close-loop synchronization. An experimental implementation is demonstrated with a final key rate of 5.98 Mbit/s over 160 km optical fiber distance. It is thus believed that fast-tunable multi-section semiconductor lasers open a new avenue for a high-rate physical-layer key distribution using laser synchronization.
Terahertz in vivo imaging of human skin: Toward detection of abnormal skin pathologies
Authors: Qi X. , Bertling K. , Torniainen J. , Kong F. , Gillespie T. , Primiero C. , Stark M. S. , Dean P. , Indjin D. , Li L. H. , Linfield E. H. , Davies A. G. , Brünig M. , Mills T. , Rosendahl C. , Soyer H. P. , Rakić A. D.
Published: March 2024

Terahertz (THz) imaging has long held promise for skin cancer detection but has been hampered by the lack of practical technological implementation. In this article, we introduce a technique for discriminating several skin pathologies using a coherent THz confocal system based on a THz quantum cascade laser. High resolution in vivo THz images (with diffraction limited to the order of 100 μm) of several different lesion types were acquired and compared against one another using the amplitude and phase values. Our system successfully separated pathologies using a combination of phase and amplitude information and their respective surface textures. The large scan field (50 × 40 mm) of the system allows macroscopic visualization of several skin lesions in a single frame. Utilizing THz imaging for dermatological assessment of skin lesions offers substantial additional diagnostic value for clinicians. THz images contain information complementary to the information contained in the conventional digital images.
Adapting to change: exploring perceptions and demands of the coronavirus (COVID-19) workforce changes – an Australian multi-institutional radiation oncology survey
Authors: Magon Honor , Smith Justin , Besson Jacqueline , Hau Eric , Taylor Suzanne , Ruben Jeremy , Jones Diana , Mabb Kira , Feldman Jamie , Gholam Rezaei Leily , Lee Yoo Young
Published: March 2024

Objective To evaluate the perceptions of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) initiated workplace strategies implemented in radiation oncology departments across Australia. Methods A multidisciplinary team from Princess Alexandra Hospital developed a survey to address the impact of the pandemic strategies on areas such as patient care, staff education, well-being, flexible working arrangements, and research. The survey was conducted from November 2020 to April 2021. Results Out of 210 respondents from seven institutions, 45% reported burnout and 57% experienced work work-related stress. A significant majority of respondents were in favour of continued remote work (86%, 131/153). Radiation oncologists identified administrative or non-clinical work (92%, 34/37), telehealth clinics (32%, 12/37), or radiation therapy planning (22%, 8/37) as suitable for remote work. Additionally, 54% (21/39) of the radiation oncologists plan to use telehealth more frequently, with 67% (26/39) feeling more confident with the technology. The majority (81%, 171/210) of participants favoured continuation of hybrid in-person and virtual meetings. Virtual solutions were adopted for quality assurance activities (72%, 118/165) and 52% (60/116) indicated preference for ongoing utility of virtual platforms. However, 38% (79/210) of the respondents expressed concerns about the negative impact on junior staff training. Conclusion These findings reveal a strong inclination towards technological advancements and remote work arrangements to enable flexible working conditions. Our study suggests the need for ongoing reforms, focusing on improving clinical service delivery efficiencies and enhancing job satisfaction among clinicians.
Measuring clinician experience in value-based healthcare initiatives: a 10-item core clinician experience measure
Authors: Harrison Reema , Ellis Louise A , Sina Maryam , Walsan Ramya , Mitchell Rebecca , Walpola Ramesh , Maberly Glen , Chan Catherine , Hay Liz
Published: March 2024

Objective Clinician’s experiences of providing care are identified as a key outcome associated with value-based healthcare (VBHC). In contrast to patient-reported experience measures, measurement tools to capture clinician’s experiences in relation to VBHC initiatives have received limited attention to date. Progressing from an initial 18-item clinician experience measure (CEM), we sought to develop and evaluate the reliability of a set of 10 core clinician experience measure items in the CEM-10. Methods A multi-method project was conducted using a consensus workshop with clinicians from a range of NSW Health local health districts to reduce the 18-item CEM to a short form 10-item core clinician experience measure (CEM-10). The CEM-10 was deployed with clinicians providing diabetes care, care for older adults and virtual care across all districts and care settings of New South Wales, Australia. Psychometric analysis was used to determine the internal consistency of the tool and its suitability for diverse clinical contexts. Results Consensus building sessions led to a rationalised 10-item tool, retaining the four domains of psychological safety (two items), quality of care (three items), clinician engagement (three items) and interprofessional collaboration (two items). Data from four clinician cohorts (n = 1029) demonstrated that the CEM-10 four-factor model produced a good fit to the data and high levels of reliability, with factor loadings ranging from 0.77 to 0.92, with Cronbach’s alpha (range: 0.79–0.90) and composite reliability (range: 0.80–0.92). Conclusions The CEM-10 provides a core set of common clinician experience measurement items that can be used to compare clinician’s experiences of providing care between and within cohorts. The CEM-10 may be supported by additional items relevant to particular initiatives when evaluating VBHC outcomes.