bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The emerging application of ultrasound technology in pediatric bone fractures: Clinical application, related issues and development prospect
Authors: Li Xiang , Liu Xing , Shi Mingyan , Zhang Man , Wang Peikang , Zhang Xinkai
Published: May 2024

Ultrasonography has begun to be applied to the examination of fractures in recent years owing to its safety, noninvasiveness, portability, and high sensitivity. The subcutaneous soft tissue of children is thinner than that of adults, children's bones have a high level of elasticity and a low level of brittleness, and the pediatric fractures heal quickly and produce more callus, therefore ultrasonography is a more suitable examination in pediatric bone fractures. In this paper, we intend to review the mechanism, performance, and examination effect of ultrasound examination in bone fractures, analyze the advantages and disadvantages between ultrasound imaging and X‐ray imaging, and further propose an outlook for the application of ultrasound technology in pediatric bone fractures.
Impact of string connection and contact defects on electrical current distribution in solar cells and modules: A model validated by magnetic field imaging
Authors: Tummalieh Ammar , Mittag Max , Weber Julian , Yucebas Damla , Schäfer Levin , Quay Rüdiger , Reichel Christian , Neuhaus Holger
Published: May 2024

Modeling of solar modules and their components is essential to quantify geometrical, optical, and electrical losses and to improve the designs and technologies in terms of performance. In most loss analysis models, the current share among the busbars of the solar cell is assumed to be equal since a symmetrical distribution of the metallization is given. The impact of string terminal connection on the current distribution among the ribbons and the resulting changes in ohmic losses has not been studied yet. In this study, a MATLAB model is developed to consider the impact of the string connector terminal position on the current distribution and the ohmic losses in the ribbons and in string connector. The model allows for the analysis of the impact of contact defects scenarios in ribbons and string connectors on the current distribution. Results show that the highest current flows at the closest busbar to the string connector terminal while the current decreases at the busbars farther away from the terminal due to higher ohmic resistance of the current path. The higher the ohmic resistance of the string connector, the more inhomogeneous the current share at busbars. Simulating a 9 busbar M6 half‐cell with 1 × 0.08 mm2 string connector, positioning the string connector terminal at the leftmost or rightmost ribbon results in 0.4 W less power compared to center connection configuration, where the string connector terminal is positioned at the center ribbon. Furthermore, simulation results show that inhomogeneity of current causes about 2.1% reduction in module power compared to the case of evenly distributed cell current, considering a 120‐haf‐cell module with the same string connector. Regarding contact defect analysis, exemplary simulations show the impact of the position of detached ribbons on the power or efficiency loss. Considering left or right connection configuration, detaching the leftmost or rightmost ribbon results in higher power loss compared to other ribbons. Detaching one cell ribbon completely from the string connector results in about 0.2%abs decrease in cell efficiency, while detaching the outer ribbon along all strings of a 120‐half‐cell module results in power loss of about 0.8%. The developed model is validated by performing magnetic field imaging (MFI) measurements, in which the magnetic flux density induced by the current carried by the ribbons is measured.
Investigation of the structure of protein–polymer conjugates in solution reveals the impact of protein deuteration and the size of the polymer on its thermal stability
Authors: Russo Daniela , Di Venere Almerinda , Wurm Frederik R. , Moulin Martine , Härtlein Michael , Garvey Christopher J. , Teixeira José
Published: May 2024

The conjugation of proteins with polymers offers immense biotechnological potential by creating novel macromolecules. This article presents experimental findings on the structural properties of maltose‐binding protein (MBP) conjugated with linear biodegradable polyphosphoester polymers with different molecular weights. We studied isotopic effects on both proteins and polymers. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy and small‐angle neutron scattering reveal that the conjugation process destabilizes the protein, affecting the secondary more than the tertiary structure, even at room temperature, and that the presence of two domains in the MBP may contribute to its observed instability. Notably, unfolding temperatures differ between native MBP and the conjugates. In particular, this study sheds light on the complex interplay of factors such as the deuteration influencing protein stability and conformational changes in the conjugation processes. The perdeuteration influences the hydrogen bond network and hydrophobic interactions in the case of the MBP protein. The perdeuteration of the protein influences the hydrogen bond network and hydrophobic interactions. This is evident in the decreased thermal stability of deuterated MBP protein, in the conjugate, especially with high‐molecular‐mass polymers.
The effect of larval exposure to acids and detergents on the life history of the major malaria vector Anopheles arabiensis Patton (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Chen Chia‐Yu , Oliver Shüné V.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

Anopheles arabiensis, a highly adaptable member of the Anopheles gambiae complex, poses a challenge for control efforts due to its outdoor biting and resting behaviour. Consequently, indoor insecticide‐based control methods are ineffective against An. arabiensis. Furthermore, An. arabiensis are adapting to breeding in polluted waters, and may be contributing to residual malaria and malaria in urban areas. There have been some advances in understanding the effect of rural pollutants on Anopheles mosquitoes, but the effect of urban pollutants is poorly understood. Thus, in this study, the effect of acidic pollutants [nitric acid (HNO3) and hydrochloric acid (HCl)] and alkaline pollutants (phosphate‐free and phosphate‐containing detergent) on two laboratory‐reared An. arabiensis strains – an insecticide susceptible strain (SENN) and an insecticide‐resistant strain selected from SENN (SENN‐DDT) – were determined.

RESULTS

The median lethal concentration (LC50) and larval exposure on larval development, adult longevity and insecticide tolerance were evaluated. Nitric acid and phosphate‐containing detergent were found to be more toxic than HCl and phosphate‐free detergent in terms of LC50 values. Detergent exposure (both phosphate‐containing and phosphate‐free) increased adult longevity of both strains. Nitric acid reduced larval development time in both SENN and SENN‐DDT, whereas HCl reduced larval development time in SENN only. By contrast, both phosphate‐containing and phosphate‐free detergents increased larval development time of both strains. Furthermore, HNO3 and phosphate‐containing detergent increased insecticide tolerance the most.

CONCLUSION

The two An. arabiensis strains responded to urban pollutants differently. Thus, this study provides insight into the adaptation of An. arabiensis to acidic and alkaline urban pollutants. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
RNA interference as a next‐generation control method for suppressing Varroa destructor reproduction in honey bee (Apis mellifera) hives
Authors: McGruddy Rose A. , Smeele Zoe E. , Manley Brian , Masucci James D. , Haywood John , Lester Philip J.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND

The Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) is considered to be the greatest threat to apiculture worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi) using double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) as a gene silencing mechanism has emerged as a next‐generation strategy for mite control.

RESULTS

We explored the impact of a dsRNA biopesticide, named vadescana, designed to silence the calmodulin gene in Varroa, on mite fitness in mini‐hives housed in a laboratory. Two dosages were tested: 2 g/L dsRNA and 8 g/L dsRNA. Vadescana appeared to have no effect on mite survival, however, mite fertility was substantially reduced. The majority of foundress mites exposed to vadescana failed to produce any offspring. No dose‐dependent effect of vadescana was observed, as both the low and high doses inhibited mite reproduction equally well in the mini‐hives and neither dose impacted pupal survival of the honey bee. Approximately 95% of bee pupae were alive at uncapping across all treatment groups.

CONCLUSION

These findings suggest that vadescana has significant potential as an effective alternative to conventional methods for Varroa control, with broader implications for the utilization of RNAi as a next‐generation tool in the management of pest species. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Evolution of intracytoplasmic sperm injection: From initial challenges to wider applications
Authors: Asada Yoshimasa
Published: May 2024

Background

In vitro fertilization (IVF) has revolutionized infertility treatment. Nevertheless, male infertility requires more effective solutions. In 1992, the first‐ever case of human birth via intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was reported. ICSI involves microscopically injecting a sperm into an ovum. Successful ICSI has become a reliable therapy for couples facing infertility, a significant milestone. However, it has also introduced various challenges. This study also delves into ethical dilemmas arising from widespread ICSI use.

Methods

This review traces the history of ICSI, presenting pioneering attempts, first successful attempts, and critical reports on account of the initial skepticism toward the technology. The review also focuses on chronological progress until ICSI was recognized as effective and became widely applied.

Main findings

The review reveals that ICSI, although transformative, presents challenges. Successes include addressing male infertility and aiding fertilization. However, concerns arise regarding optimal sperm and embryo selection, genetic mutations, and long‐term health implications. Ethical considerations surrounding ICSI's broad applications also surface.

Conclusions

Despite its success and effectiveness, ICSI is still evolving as a therapeutic method. By comprehensively evaluating the historical progress and the current status of ICSI and exploring its future prospects, this study highlights the importance of ICSI in infertility treatment.
Balancing versus modelling in weighted analysis of non‐randomised studies with survival outcomes: A simulation study
Authors: Filla Tim , Schwender Holger , Kuss Oliver
Published: May 2024

Weighting methods are widely used for causal effect estimation in non‐randomised studies. In general, these methods use the propensity score (PS), the probability of receiving the treatment given the covariates, to arrive at the respective weights. All of these “modelling” methods actually optimize prediction of the respective outcome, which is, in the PS model, treatment assignment. However, this does not match with the actual aim of weighting, which is eliminating the association between covariates and treatment assignment. In the “balancing” approach, covariates are thus balanced directly by solving systems of numerical equations, explicitly without fitting a PS model. To compare modelling, balancing and hybrid approaches to weighting we performed a large simulation study for a binary treatment and a survival outcome. For maximal practical relevance all simulation parameters were selected after a systematic review of medical studies that used PS methods for analysis. We also introduce a new hybrid method that uses the idea of the covariate balancing propensity score and matching weights, thus avoiding extreme weights. In addition, we present a corrected robust variance estimator for some of the methods. Overall, our simulations results indicate that balancing approach methods work worse than expected. However, among the considered balancing methods, entropy balancing consistently outperforms the variance balancing approach. All methods estimating the average treatment effect in the overlap population perform well with very little bias and small standard errors even in settings with misspecified propensity score models. Finally, the coverage using the standard robust variance estimator was too high for all methods, with the proposed corrected robust variance estimator improving coverage in a variety of settings.
Optimal Process Parameters for FDM‐Based 3D Printing of Metal‐Polymer Mixtures with Low‐Temperature Powder Feeding
Authors: Xue Junxiu , Chao Yuqi , Han Wenhui , Nie Wanfu , Bian Huiguang , Wang Chuansheng , Li Li
Published: May 2024

In this study, a proprietary powder‐fed 3D printer is employed to fabricate impellers from metal‐polymer mixtures via low‐temperature extrusion, simplifying the traditional complex metal molding process. By adjusting the extrusion speed and temperature, various quality impeller blanks are produced, identifying optimal printing conditions. The best results are achieved with a feed temperature of 170 °C, extrusion speed of 6 r min−1, printing platform temperature of 50 °C, and nozzle temperature of 175 °C, achieving a surface roughness of Ra = 9.973 μm. Post‐processing densification of the stainless steel wheels reach 97.23%, with a tensile strength of 255 MPa, elongation at break of 49%, and hardness of 60 HRB. These parameters meet the physical and mechanical standards required for general metal parts, demonstrating potential for precision metal processing in sectors such as aircraft engines, gas turbines, and high‐performance pumps.
Robust Bayesian nonparametric variable selection for linear regression
Authors: Cabezas Alberto , Battiston Marco , Nemeth Christopher
Published: May 2024

Spike‐and‐slab and horseshoe regressions are arguably the most popular Bayesian variable selection approaches for linear regression models. However, their performance can deteriorate if outliers and heteroskedasticity are present in the data, which are common features in many real‐world statistics and machine learning applications. This work proposes a Bayesian nonparametric approach to linear regression that performs variable selection while accounting for outliers and heteroskedasticity. Our proposed model is an instance of a Dirichlet process scale mixture model with the advantage that we can derive the full conditional distributions of all parameters in closed‐form, hence producing an efficient Gibbs sampler for posterior inference. Moreover, we present how to extend the model to account for heavy‐tailed response variables. The model's performance is tested against competing algorithms on synthetic and real‐world datasets.
Innovations in spider silk‐inspired artificial gel fibers: Methods, properties, strengthening, functionality, and challenges
Authors: Khan Abdul Qadeer , Guo Wenjin , Li Sitong , Zhu Yutian , Bai Jie , Liu Zunfeng , Zhao Weiqiang , Zhou Xiang
Published: May 2024

Spider silk, possessing exceptional combination properties, is classified as a bio‐gel fiber. Thereby, it serves as a valuable origin of inspiration for the advancement of various artificial gel fiber materials with distinct functionalities. Gel fibers exhibit promising potential for utilization in diverse fields, including smart textiles, artificial muscle, tissue engineering, and strain sensing. However, there are still numerous challenges in improving the performance and functionalizing applications of spider silk‐inspired artificial gel fibers. Thus, to gain a penetrating insight into bioinspired artificial gel fibers, this review provided a comprehensive overview encompassing three key aspects: the fundamental design concepts and implementing strategies of gel fibers, the properties and strengthening strategies of gel fibers, and the functionalities and application prospects of gel fibers. In particular, multiple strengthening and toughening mechanisms were introduced at micro, nano, and molecular‐level structures of gel fibers. Additionally, the existing challenges of gel fibers are summarized. This review aims to offer significant guidance for the development and application of artificial gel fibers and inspire further research in the field of high‐performance gel fibers.
Impact of autofluorescence‐guided surgery of parathyroid glands during total thyroidectomy in experienced surgeons: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Carrillo Lizarazo Jose Luis , Bakkar Sohail , Zerrweck Carlos , Onofre Ramos Marcos Martin , Kraimps Jean‐Louis , Donatini Gianluca
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Post‐surgical hypoparathyroidism often occurs after total thyroidectomy (TT). The aim of this study is to investigate whether the use of near‐infrared autofluorescence (NIRAF) of parathyroid glands (PGs) can aid experienced surgeons in identifying more PGs during surgery, potentially reducing unintended resection, and assessing its impact on post‐surgical hypoparathyroidism.

Materials and Methods

All patients undergoing at least a TT by two experienced surgeons, between 2020 and 2021, were enrolled and randomized into two cohorts: NIRAF group (NG) and CONTROL group (CG). Transient hypoparathyroidism was defined by serum concentration of PTH<12 ng/mL at the 1st post‐operative day and permanent by the need of calcium‐active vitamin D treatment >6 months from the surgery with still undetectable PTH or <12 ng/m.

Results

Among 236 patients (111 in NG, 125 in CG), the number of PGs identified was higher in NG (93.9%, 417/444) compared to CG (81.4%, 407/500) (p < 0.001), with a mean of 3.76 ± 0.44 PGs per patient in NG and 3.25 ± 0.79 in CG. The number of unintendedly resected PGs was 14 in NG and 42 in CG (p < 0.0001). Transient hypoparathyroidism was observed in 18 patients (16.2%) in NG and 40 patients (32.0%) in CG (p = 0.004). Permanent hypoparathyroidism affected 1 patient in NG and 7 patients in CG (p = 0.06). The mean operative time was longer in NG (104.3 ± 32.08 min) compared to CG (85.5 ± 40.62 min) (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

NIRAF enhances the identification of PGs, preventing their inadvertent resection and reducing the overall incidence of post‐surgical hypoparathyroidism.
Developing culturally relevant leadership educators
Authors: Beatty Cameron C. , Guthrie Kathy L.
Published: May 2024

This article demonstrates how educators can create opportunities for students to learn about leadership in a variety of circumstances. Through the integrated model for contextualizing leadership learning, educators can center culturally relevant leadership while considering the environment where leadership learning is provided as well as the context in which the identity, capacity, and effectiveness of leadership educators are developed. The implications of this integrated approach emerged from 26 narratives and are explored through three themes centered on co‐curricular program development and implementation, as well as personal and professional development. These themes include examining organizations' histories and structures, the developmental readiness of educators and students, and the significance of context.
Disruption of pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier by dysregulated claudin-8 and claudin-4: uncovered mechanisms in porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection
Authors: Sun Weifeng , Wu Weixin , Fang Xinyu , Ge Xinna , Zhang Yongning , Han Jun , Guo Xin , Zhou Lei , Yang Hanchun
Published: May 2024

The pulmonary endothelium is a dynamic and metabolically active monolayer of endothelial cells. Dysfunction of the pulmonary endothelial barrier plays a crucial role in the acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), frequently observed in the context of viral pneumonia. Dysregulation of tight junction proteins can lead to the disruption of the endothelial barrier and subsequent leakage. Here, the highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) served as an ideal model for studying ALI and ARDS. The alveolar lavage fluid of pigs infected with HP-PRRSV, and the supernatant of HP-PRRSV infected pulmonary alveolar macrophages were respectively collected to treat the pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) in Transwell culture system to explore the mechanism of pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier leakage caused by viral infection. Cytokine screening, addition and blocking experiments revealed that proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, secreted by HP-PRRSV-infected macrophages, disrupt the pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier by downregulating claudin-8 and upregulating claudin-4 synergistically. Additionally, three transcription factors interleukin enhancer binding factor 2 (ILF2), general transcription factor III C subunit 2 (GTF3C2), and thyroid hormone receptor-associated protein 3 (THRAP3), were identified to accumulate in the nucleus of PMVECs, regulating the transcription of claudin-8 and claudin-4. Meanwhile, the upregulation of ssc-miR-185 was found to suppress claudin-8 expression via post-transcriptional inhibition. This study not only reveals the molecular mechanisms by which HP-PRRSV infection causes endothelial barrier leakage in acute lung injury, but also provides novel insights into the function and regulation of tight junctions in vascular homeostasis.
Bonding strength between spruce glulam and birch plywood at different load-to-plywood face grain angles
Authors: Wang Tianxiang , Wang Yue , Debertolis Mattia , Crocetti Roberto , Wålinder Magnus , Blomqvist Lars
Published: May 2024

There is growing interest recently in reducing the usage of metals in timber structures. Birch plywood possesses satisfactory mechanical properties compared to other wood-based panels and is promising to be utilized in timber connections as a substitute for the more conventional slotted-in metal plate. There are essentially two possibilities to connect plywood plates and other timber elements by means of either mechanical connections or adhesively bonded connections. Despite the more commonly adopted mechanical connections in current timber structures, the adhesively bonded connections hold the distinct advantages of being more cost-effective, stiffer, and with a lower risk of moisture penetration in the timber elements. When employing birch plywood in timber structure applications such as trusses and frame corners, stresses from different directions need to be transmitted by the plywood gusset plate. However, it is still uncertain how the bonding strength is affected by different loading angles to the face grain. This research question, specifically concerning the bonding strength between birch plywood and spruce glulam, has been addressed in this paper. It was found that the bonding strength varies within a relatively small range when the load-to-plywood face grain angle varies from 0° to 90°, which is promising for the development of adhesively bonded joints. Failure mainly occurred in glulam at 0° and 15°; while at other angles, a mixture of cohesive failure in glulam and plywood face veneer was dominant. The weak angle-dependence of the bonding strength can be explained by further checking the shear strength of the weaker wood adherends between glulam and plywood. A strong positive correlation was observed between bonding strength and the wood shear strength.
Research progress and application of liver organoids for disease modeling and regenerative therapy
Authors: Hu Yang , Geng Qiao , Wang Lu , Wang Yi , Huang Chuyue , Fan Zhimin , Kong Desong
Published: May 2024

The liver is a major metabolic organ of the human body and has a high incidence of diseases. In recent years, the annual incidence of liver disease has increased, seriously endangering human life and health. The study of the occurrence and development mechanism of liver diseases, discovery of new therapeutic targets, and establishment of new methods of medical treatment are major issues related to the national economy and people’s livelihood. The development of stable and effective research models is expected to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of liver diseases and the search for more effective treatment options. Organoid technology is a new in vitro culture system, and organoids constructed by human cells can simulate the morphological structure, gene expression, and glucose and lipid metabolism of organs in vivo, providing a new model for related research on liver diseases. This paper reviews the latest research progress on liver organoids from the establishment of cell sources and application of liver organoids and discusses their application potential in the field of liver disease research.
A systematic review of users experiences of using digital interventions within psychosis: a thematic synthesis of qualitative research
Authors: Dennard Sophie , Patel Rupa , Garety Philippa , Edwards Clementine , Gumley Andrew
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Although the development of digital mental health support for people with psychosis has been increasing, the development and opportunities to access this have been more limited compared to other mental health conditions. Qualitative research exploring the experiences of using digital interventions amongst people with psychosis is even less well developed; however, such research is crucial in capturing the experiences of using digital interventions to ensure they are meeting the needs of people with psychosis. This paper aimed to synthesise qualitative data related to the experiences of people with psychosis who have used digital interventions.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted of articles published between 1992 and October 2023 using PubMed, MBase, PsycINFO, & OVID Medline. Two reviewers independently reviewed and screened 268 papers. Papers that met inclusion criteria were quality assessed using The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) qualitative studies checklist. The Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research (ENTREQ) checklist was used to guide the structure of the report.

Results

A thematic synthesis of 19 studies revealed six overarching themes which related to different aspects and features of the digital interventions: participants’ relationship with technology; the accessibility of the interventions; how the interventions could impact on individuals’ awareness and management of mental health; enhanced communication and relationships; and opportunities for reflection.

Conclusions

Benefits of using digital interventions are discussed. Areas for development and improvements are highlighted. Finally, recommendations for stakeholders who develop and implement digital interventions for psychosis are made.
Topology optimization of incompressible structures subject to fluid–structure interaction
Authors: Castañar Inocencio , Baiges Joan , Codina Ramon
Published: May 2024

In this work, an algorithm for topology optimization of incompressible structures is proposed, in both small and finite strain assumptions and in which the loads come from the interaction with a surrounding fluid. The algorithm considers a classical block-iterative scheme, in which the solid and the fluid mechanics problems are solved sequentially to simulate the interaction between them. Several stabilized mixed finite element formulations based on the Variational Multi-Scale approach are considered to be capable of tackling the incompressible limit for the numerical approximation of the solid. The fluid is considered as an incompressible Newtonian fluid flow which is combined with an Arbitrary-Lagrangian Eulerian formulation to account for the moving part of the domain. Several numerical examples are presented and discussed to assess the robustness of the proposed algorithm and its applicability to the topology optimization of incompressible elastic solids subjected to Newtonian incompressible fluid loads.
A Lagrangian filling for every cluster seed
Authors: Casals Roger , Gao Honghao
Published: May 2024

We show that each cluster seed in the augmentation variety contains an embedded exact Lagrangian filling. This resolves the matter of surjectivity of the map from Lagrangian fillings to cluster seeds. The main new technique to produce these Lagrangian fillings is the construction and study of a quiver with potential associated to curve configurations. We prove that its deformation space is trivial and show how to use it to manipulate Lagrangian fillings with $\mathbb{L}$
L
-compressing systems via Lagrangian disk surgeries.
A Rare Association Between Osteomalacia, Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor, and Ovarian Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Mazza Marcodomenico , Arcidiacono Gaetano Paride , Hoxhaj Ilda , Padoan Virginia , Tasca Giulia , Burei Marta , Sella Stefania , Simioni Paolo , Giannini Sandro , Mocellin Simone
Published: May 2024

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by hypophosphatemia, bone mineralization disorders with increased risk of fragility fractures, muscle pain, and progressive weakness. TIO has been associated with increased production of the phosphaturic hormone Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) usually by mesenchymal tumors of soft tissue or bone (Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumors—PMTs). In rare cases TIO may be observed in association with other malignancies. We report the case of a 66-year-old woman with an occasional diagnosis of both a PMT and an ovarian cancer during the evaluation of TIO. We also systematically review the literature to discover possible correlations between osteomalacia, FGF23 production, and ovarian cancer. Four studies were eligible for the analysis. Two case reports described an association between TIO development and ovarian cancer, whereas the two case-control studies hypothesized a possible correlation between FGF/FGF receptor axis and cancer development. Although it does not provide conclusive evidence regarding the association between TIO and ovarian cancer, this case report highlights the possibility that in the diagnostic workup of suspected TIO, both FGF23-secreting tumors distinct from PMT and tumors unrelated to the clinical presentation of TIO could be identified. This information is important for guiding successful tumor staging and determining the necessity for surgical intervention and/or eventual adjuvant therapy.
Rhizosphere competent inoculants modulate the apple root–associated microbiome and plant phytoalexins
Authors: Hauschild Kristin , Orth Nils , Liu Benye , Giongo Adriana , Gschwendtner Silvia , Beerhues Ludger , Schloter Michael , Vetterlein Doris , Winkelmann Traud , Smalla Kornelia
Published: May 2024

Modulating the soil microbiome by applying microbial inoculants has gained increasing attention as eco-friendly option to improve soil disease suppressiveness. Currently, studies unraveling the interplay of inoculants, root-associated microbiome, and plant response are lacking for apple trees. Here, we provide insights into the ability of Bacillus velezensis FZB42 or Pseudomonas sp. RU47 to colonize apple root-associated microhabitats and to modulate their microbiome. We applied the two strains to apple plants grown in soils from the same site either affected by apple replant disease (ARD) or not (grass), screened their establishment by selective plating, and measured phytoalexins in roots 3, 16, and 28 days post inoculation (dpi). Sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and ITS fragments amplified from DNA extracted 28 dpi from different microhabitat samples revealed significant inoculation effects on fungal β-diversity in root-affected soil and rhizoplane. Interestingly, only in ARD soil, most abundant bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) changed significantly in relative abundance. Relative abundances of ASVs affiliated with Enterobacteriaceae were higher in rhizoplane of apple grown in ARD soil and reduced by both inoculants. Bacterial communities in the root endosphere were not affected by the inoculants but their presence was indicated. Interestingly and previously unobserved, apple plants responded to the inoculants with increased phytoalexin content in roots, more pronounced in grass than ARD soil. Altogether, our results indicate that FZB42 and RU47 were rhizosphere competent, modulated the root-associated microbiome, and were perceived by the apple plants, which could make them interesting candidates for an eco-friendly mitigation strategy of ARD.

Key points

• Rhizosphere competent inoculants modulated the microbiome (mainly fungi)

• Inoculants reduced relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae in the ARD rhizoplane

• Inoculants increased phytoalexin content in roots, stronger in grass than ARD soil
Objective Noninvasive Measurement of the Volumizing Effect of a Dermal Filler: An In Vivo Study
Authors: Liu Xiaowen , Niu Huanyun , Shi Mengrou , Chen Bin , Li Xin , Wang Shiwei , Ren Jizhen
Published: May 2024

Background

Information about the volumizing effects of dermal fillers is critical for physicians’ understanding of product features and prudent decision-making in clinical practice. It is important for material engineers to develop and optimize new dermal fillers, especially when comparing the physiochemical properties of a new product with those of existing fillers that are used worldwide.

Objective

This study aimed to establish a reliable, noninvasive method for in vivo quantitative evaluation of the filling effect in order to predict possible effectiveness after filler injection and to evaluate the degradation trend over time.

Methods

A rabbit model of ear injection with dermal fillers was established. Hyaluronic acid (HA) filler was injected into the subcutaneous layer of rabbit ears, resulting in a stable skin bulge. Ultrasonography was used to noninvasively measure the skin bulge for volume calculation; the volume change was analyzed periodically until 38 weeks. Pathological examination, the gold standard, was performed to confirm degradation.

Results

The immediate volumizing effect of HA filler injection was macroscopically observed as a local skin bulge. Ultrasound was able to precisely detect the shape of the filler and calculate the length, width, and height of the skin bulge at each time point. The degree of uplift and amount of residual samples in the pathological evaluation were consistent with the results of morphological observation using ultrasound.

Conclusion

Evaluation of the volume impact of dermal filler through the rabbit ear injection model evaluation enables material science evaluation in the early stage of material development, and has certain clinical reference value.

Level of Evidence I

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia with t(8;21) and KIT mutation treatment with avapritinib post-stem cell transplantation: a report of four cases
Authors: Wang Qingwei , Hu Yixin , Gao Li , Zhang Senlin , Lu Jun , Li Bohan , Li Jie , Yao Yanhua , Cheng Shengqin , Xiao Peifang , Hu Shaoyan
Published: May 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;21) (q22;q22), which forms RUNX1::RUNX1T1 fusion gene, is classified as a favorable-risk group. However, the presence of mutations in KIT exon 17 results in an adverse prognosis in this group. Avapritinib, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was designed to target KIT mutation. We report a retrospective study of four pediatric patients with AML with t(8:21) and KIT exon 17 mutation who were treated with avapritinib, three of them failed to demethylate drugs and donor lymphocyte infusion targeting RUNX1::RUNX1T1-positivity after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). So far, all patients with RUNX1::RUNX1T1 positivity had turned negative after 1, 9, 7, 2 months of avapritinib treatment. The common adverse effect of avapritinib is neutropenia, which is well-tolerated. This case series indicates that avapritinib may be effective and safe for preemptive treatment of children with AML with t(8;21) and KIT mutation after allo-HSCT, providing a treatment option for preventing relapse after allo-HSCT.
Sodium nitroprusside modulates oxidative and nitrosative processes in Lycopersicum esculentum L. under drought stress
Authors: Kaya Cengiz , Uğurlar Ferhat , Seth Chandra Shekhar
Published: May 2024

Key message

Sodium nitroprusside mediates drought stress responses in tomatoes by modulating nitrosative and oxidative pathways, highlighting the interplay between nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, and antioxidant systems for enhanced drought tolerance.

While nitric oxide (NO), a signalling molecule, enhances plant tolerance to abiotic stresses, its precise contribution to improving tomato tolerance to drought stress (DS) through modulating oxide-nitrosative processes is not yet fully understood. We aimed to examine the interaction of NO and nitrosative signaling, revealing how sodium nitroprusside (SNP) could mitigate the effects of DS on tomatoes. DS-seedlings endured 12% polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a 10% nutrient solution (NS) for 2 days, then transitioned to half-strength NS for 10 days alongside control plants. DS reduced total plant dry weight, chlorophyll a and b, Fv/Fm, leaf water potential (ΨI), and relative water content, but improved hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), proline, and NO content. The SNP reduced the DS-induced H2O2 generation by reducing thiol (–SH) and the carbonyl (–CO) groups. SNP increased not only NO but also the activity of l-cysteine desulfhydrase (L-DES), leading to the generation of H2S. Decreases in S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and NADPH oxidase (NOX) suggest a potential regulatory mechanism in which S-nitrosylation [formation of S-nitrosothiol (SNO)] may influence protein function and signaling pathways during DS. Moreover, SNP improved ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) and reduced oxidized glutathione (GSSG) levels in tomato plants under drought. Furthermore, the interaction of NO and H2S, mediated by L-DES activity, may serve as a vital cross-talk mechanism impacting plant responses to DS. Understanding these signaling interactions is crucial for developing innovative drought-tolerance strategies in crops.
Comparison of ciprofloxacin versus fosfomycin versus fosfomycin plus trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole for preventing infections after transrectal prostate biopsy
Authors: Bovo Alberto , Kwiatkowski Maciej , Manka Lukas , Wetterauer Christian , Fux Christoph Andreas , Cattaneo Marco , Wyler Stephen F. , Prause Lukas
Published: May 2024

Background

To evaluate antibiotic prophylaxis in transrectal prostate biopsies due to the recommendation of the European Medicines Agency (EMA): We describe our single center experience switching from ciprofloxacin to fosfomycin trometamol (FMT) alone and to an augmented prophylaxis combining fosfomycin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX).

Methods

Between 01/2019 and 12/2020 we compared three different regimes. The primary endpoint was the clinical diagnosis of an infection within 4 weeks after biopsy. We enrolled 822 men, 398 (48%) of whom received ciprofloxacin (group-C), 136 (16.5%) received FMT (group-F) and 288 (35%) received the combination of TMP/SMX and FMT (group-BF).

Results

Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. In total 37/398 (5%) postinterventional infections were detected, of which 13/398 (3%) vs 18/136 (13.2%) vs 6/288 (2.1%) were detected in group-C, group-F and group-BF respectively. The relative risk of infectious complication was 1.3 (CI 0.7–2.6) for group-C vs. group-BF and 2.8 (CI 1.4–5.7) for group-F vs. group-BF respectively.

Conclusion

The replacement of ciprofloxacin by fosfomycin alone resulted in a significant increase of postinterventional infections, while the combination of FMT and TMP/SMX had a comparable infection rate to FQ without apparent adverse events. Therefore, this combined regimen of FMT and TMP/SMX is recommended.
Offistretch: camera-based real-time feedback for daily stretching exercises
Authors: Adolf Jindřich , Kán Peter , Feuchtner Tiare , Adolfová Barbora , Doležal Jaromír , Lhotská Lenka
Published: May 2024

In this paper, we present OffiStretch, a camera-based system for optimal stretching guidance at home or in the workplace. It consists of a vision-based method for real-time assessment of the user’s body pose to provide visual feedback as interactive guidance during stretching exercises. Our method compares the users’ actual pose with a pre-trained target pose to assess the quality of stretching for a number of different exercises. We utilize angular and spatial pose features to perform this comparison for each individual exercise. The result of this pose assessment is presented to the user as real-time visual feedback on an "augmented mirror" display. As our method relies simply on a single RGB camera, it can be easily utilized in everyday training scenarios. We validate our method in a user study, comparing users’ performance and motivation in stretching when receiving audio-visual guidance on a TV screen both with and without our live feedback. While participants performed equally well in both conditions, feedback boosted their motivation to perform the exercises, highlighting its potential for increasing users’ well-being. Moreover, our results suggest that participants preferred stretching exercises with our live feedback over the condition without the feedback. Finally, an expert evaluation with professional physiotherapists reveals that further work must target improvements of the feedback to ensure correct guidance during stretching.
Recurrence of rectal cancer on the pelvic sidewall after lateral lymph node dissection
Authors: Takao Misato , Kawai Kazushige , Nakano Daisuke , Dejima Akira , Nakamori Sakiko , Natsume Soichiro , Ise Ichiro , Kato Hiroki , Yamaguchi Tatsuro
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Although lateral lymph node dissection has been performed to prevent lateral pelvic recurrence in locally advanced lower rectal cancer, the incidence of lateral pelvic recurrence after this procedure has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the long-term outcomes of patients who underwent lateral pelvic lymph node dissection, with a particular focus on recurrence patterns.

Methods

This was a retrospective study conducted at a single high-volume cancer center in Japan. A total of 493 consecutive patients with stage II-III rectal cancer who underwent lateral lymph node dissection between January 2005 and August 2022 were included. The primary outcome measures included patterns of recurrence, overall survival, and relapse-free survival. Patterns of recurrence were categorized as lateral or central pelvic.

Results

Among patients who underwent lateral lymph node dissection, 18.1% had pathologically positive lateral lymph node metastasis. Lateral pelvic recurrence occurred in 5.5% of patients after surgery. Multivariate analysis identified age > 75 years, lateral lymph node metastasis, and adjuvant chemotherapy as independent risk factors for lateral pelvic recurrence. Evaluation of the recurrence rate by dissection area revealed approximately 1% of recurrences in each area after dissection.

Conclusion

We demonstrated the prognostic outcome and limitations of lateral lymph node dissection for patients with advanced lower rectal cancer, focusing on the incidence of recurrence in the lateral area after the dissection. Our study emphasizes the clinical importance of lateral lymph node dissection, which is an essential technique that surgeons should acquire.
The efficacy of olfactory training in improving olfactory function: a meta-analysis
Authors: Delgado‑Lima Alice Helena , Bouhaben Jaime , Delgado‑Losada María Luisa
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Study the efficacy of olfactory training in smell recovery.

Methods

An extensive search was performed through different databases in order to find articles analyzing the efficacy of olfactory training as a treatment for olfactory dysfunction. Methodological quality of primary studies within the final sample was assessed following PRISMA guidelines. Standardized mean differences in pre–post olfactory training groups, and also in experimental-control and pre-follow up if possible, were computed by Hedges’ g effect size statistic. Each effect size was weighted by its inverse variance.

Results

Final sample was composed of 36 articles (45 pre–post effect sizes). Contrasts were performed separately for odor identification, odor discrimination, odor threshold and general olfactory function. Moderate to large and heterogeneous effect was obtained for olfactory function (g = 0.755, k = 45, SE = 0.093, CI 95% = [0.572, 0.937]), different moderators had a significant effects, such as, training duration, age and anosmia diagnosis.

Conclusion

Olfactory training was found to have a positive and significant effect on rehabilitating the olfactory function.
Update on recent advances in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Riva Nilo , Domi Teuta , Pozzi Laura , Lunetta Christian , Schito Paride , Spinelli Edoardo Gioele , Cabras Sara , Matteoni Enrico , Consonni Monica , Bella Eleonora Dalla , Agosta Federica , Filippi Massimo , Calvo Andrea , Quattrini Angelo
Published: May 2024

In the last few years, our understanding of disease molecular mechanisms underpinning ALS has advanced greatly, allowing the first steps in translating into clinical practice novel research findings, including gene therapy approaches. Similarly, the recent advent of assistive technologies has greatly improved the possibility of a more personalized approach to supportive and symptomatic care, in the context of an increasingly complex multidisciplinary line of actions, which remains the cornerstone of ALS management. Against this rapidly growing background, here we provide an comprehensive update on the most recent studies that have contributed towards our understanding of ALS pathogenesis, the latest results from clinical trials as well as the future directions for improving the clinical management of ALS patients.
Recurrent cerebrovascular events after recent small subcortical infarction
Authors: Haidegger Melanie , Klock Nina , Kneihsl Markus , Fandler-Höfler Simon , Eppinger Sebastian , Eller Kathrin , Seiler Stephan , Enzinger Christian , Gattringer Thomas
Published: May 2024

Background

Recent small subcortical infarcts (RSSI) are the neuroimaging hallmark feature of small vessel disease (SVD)-related acute lacunar stroke. Long-term data on recurrent cerebrovascular events including their aetiology after RSSI are scarce.

Patients and methods

This retrospective study included all consecutive ischaemic stroke patients with an MRI-confirmed RSSI (in the supply area of a small single brain artery) at University Hospital Graz between 2008 and 2013. We investigated associations between clinical and SVD features on MRI (STRIVE criteria) and recurrent cerebrovascular events, using multivariable Cox regression adjusted for age, sex, vascular risk factors and MRI parameters.

Results

We analysed 332 consecutive patients (mean age 68 years, 36% women; median follow-up time 12 years). A recurrent ischaemic cerebrovascular event occurred in 70 patients (21.1%; 54 ischaemic strokes, 22 transient ischaemic attacks) and was mainly attributed to SVD (68%). 26 patients (7.8%) developed intracranial haemorrhage. In multivariable analysis, diabetes (HR 2.43, 95% CI 1.44–3.88), severe white matter hyperintensities (HR 1.97, 95% CI 1.14–3.41), and cerebral microbleeds (HR 1.89, 95% CI 1.32–3.14) on baseline MRI were related to recurrent ischaemic stroke/TIA, while presence of cerebral microbleeds increased the risk for intracranial haemorrhage (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.39–7.59). A widely used SVD summary score indicated high risks of recurrent ischaemic (HR 1.22, 95% CI 1.01–1.49) and haemorrhagic cerebrovascular events (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.11–2.22).

Conclusion

Patients with RSSI have a substantial risk for recurrent cerebrovascular events—particularly those with coexisting chronic SVD features. Recurrent events are mainly related to SVD again.