bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preoperative Anaemia in Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Meybohm Patrick , Kohlhof Hendrik , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Marzi Ingo , Füllenbach Christoph , Choorapoikayil Suma , Wittmann Maria , Marschall Ursula , Thoma Josef , Schwendner Klaus , Stark Patrick , Raadts Ansgar , Friedrich Jens , Weigt Henry , Friederich Patrick , Huber Josef , Gutjahr Martin , Schmitt Elke , Zacharowski Kai
Published: September 2019

Introduction Approximately one in three patients has untreated preoperative anaemia, which in turn is associated with an increased need for transfusion of allogenic red blood cell concentrates (RBC) and complications in the context of a surgical intervention. Here, the prevalence of preoperative and postoperative anaemia as well as their effects on transfusion rate, hospital length of stay and hospital mortality in primary hip and knee arthroplasty has been analysed.

Methods From January 2012 to September 2018, 378,069 adult inpatients from 13 German hospitals were analysed on the basis of an anonymized registry. Of these, n = 10,017 patients had a hip and knee joint primary arthroplasty. The primary endpoint was the incidence of preoperative anaemia, which was analysed by the first available preoperative haemoglobin value according to the WHO definition. Secondary endpoints included in-hospital length of stay, number of patients with red blood cell concentrate transfusion, incidence of hospital-acquired anaemia, number of deceased patients, and postoperative complications.

Results The preoperative anaemia rate was 14.8% for elective knee joint arthroplasty, 22.9% for elective hip joint arthroplasty and 45.0% for duo-prosthesis implantation. Preoperative anaemia led to a significantly higher transfusion rate (knee: 8.3 vs. 1.8%; hip: 34.5 vs. 8.1%; duo-prosthesis: 42.3 vs. 17.4%), an increased red blood cell concentrate consumption (knee: 256 ± 107 vs. 29 ± 5 RBC/1000 patients; hip: 929 ± 60 vs. 190 ± 16 RBC/1000 patients; duo-prosthesis: 1411 ± 98 vs. 453 ± 42 RBC/1000 patients). Pre-operative anaemia was associated with prolonged hospital stay (12.0 [10.0; 17.0] d vs. 11.0 [9.0; 13.0] d; p < 0.001) and increased mortality (5.5% [4.6 – 6.5%] vs. 0.9% [0.7 – 1.2%]; Fisher p < 0.001) compared to non-anaemic patients. In patients aged 80 years and older, the incidence of preoperative anaemia and thus the transfusion rate was almost twice as high as in patients under 80 years of age.

Summary Preoperative anaemia is common in knee and hip primary arthroplasty and was associated with a relevant increase in red blood cell concentrate consumption. In the context of patient blood management, a relevant potential arises, especially in elective orthopaedic surgery, to better prepare elective patients, to avoid unnecessary transfusions and thus to conserve the valuable resource blood.
Nokardiose als Differenzialdiagnose pulmonaler epitheloidzelliger Granulome
Authors: Acar A. , Niemeyer D. , Groß-Fengels W. , Bachmann M. , Wiest G.
Published: September 2019

Ein 47-jähriger Mann wurde mit Fieber, Gewichtsverlust und radiologisch nachgewiesenen flächenhaften Konsolidierungen mit Kavernenbildung vorstellig. Nachdem in der umfangreichen Diagnostik pulmonale epitheloidzellige Granulome festgestellt wurden, erhielt er unter dem Verdacht einer Sarkoidose eine immunsuppressive Therapie. Im weiteren Verlauf kam es zu einem Progress der pulmonalen Infiltrate und Nachweis von zerebralen und abdominalen Abszessen, deren mikrobiologische Untersuchung Nocardia farcinica ergab. Trotz antibiogrammgerechter Therapie verstarb der Patient im Rahmen eines septischen Schocks mit Multiorganversagen.

Die Nokardiose ist eine seltene granulomatöse bakterielle Infektionskrankheit. Als Risikofaktoren gelten die Immunsuppression und strukturelle Lungenerkrankungen. Typisches Krankheitsmerkmal ist eine Abszessbildung, die in jedem Organ auftreten kann, wobei der pulmonale Beginn häufig ist.

Der Fall veranschaulicht die Relevanz, seltene Differenzialdiagnosen bei Nachweis von pulmonalen epitheloidzelligen Granulomen in Betracht zu ziehen.
Five Emerging Neuroinvasive Arboviral Diseases: Cache Valley, Eastern Equine Encephalitis, Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, and Usutu
Authors: Gill Christine M. , Beckham J. David , Piquet Amanda L. , Tyler Kenneth L. , Pastula Daniel M.
Published: September 2019

There are many arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) capable of neuroinvasion, with West Nile virus being one of the most well known. In this review, we highlight five rarer emerging or reemerging arboviruses capable of neuroinvasion: Cache Valley, eastern equine encephalitis, Jamestown Canyon, Powassan, and Usutu viruses. Cache Valley and Jamestown Canyon viruses likely circulate throughout most of North America, while eastern equine encephalitis and Powassan viruses typically circulate in the eastern half. Usutu virus is not currently circulating in North America, but has the potential to be introduced in the future given similar climate, vectors, and host species to Europe (where it has been circulating). Health care providers should contact their state or local health departments with any questions regarding arboviral disease surveillance, diagnosis, treatment, or prevention. To prevent neuroinvasive arboviral diseases, use of insect repellent and other mosquito and tick bite prevention strategies are key.
Neurological Complications of Leprosy
Authors: Lau K. H. Vincent
Published: September 2019

Leprosy is a challenging international health concern. Despite tremendous efforts in reducing worldwide disease prevalence in the past decades, some countries remain endemic and are plagued by high levels of disability. The neurological complications of leprosy are varied and complex, with current research focused on evaluating tools for earlier diagnosis of neuropathy, especially in resource-limited countries. While treatment with multidrug therapy is highly effective, active research aims to simplify regimens to improve adherence, minimize adverse effects, and prevent antimicrobial resistance. Although promising progress has been made in the past decades, further efforts are needed to push the international community toward achieving worldwide elimination.
Neurosyphilis
Authors: Gonzalez Hemil , Koralnik Igor J. , Marra Christina M.
Published: September 2019

Neurosyphilis is caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum (T. pallidum). The organism gains entry into the central nervous system (CNS) early (primary syphilis or chancre phase) in the course of infection. While most patients are able to mount an immune response that effectively clears CNS invasion without long-term complications, a minority go on to develop asymptomatic or symptomatic neurosyphilis. Neurosyphilis has been divided into early and late stages. The early stages include asymptomatic meningitis, symptomatic meningitis, gumma, and meningovascular syphilis, while the late stages include dementia paralytica and tabes dorsalis. Ocular and otologic syphilis can occur at any time but often accompany the acute meningitis of early neurosyphilis. The diagnosis of symptomatic neurosyphilis requires meeting clinical, serologic, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) criteria, while the diagnosis of asymptomatic neurosyphilis relies on serologic and CSF criteria alone. In the last several decades, a persistent rise in syphilitic meningitis and other forms of early neurosyphilis have been seen in the human immunodeficiency virus-positive population, principally in men who have sex with men. This article reviews the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of neurosyphilis, and it addresses the controversy regarding the role of lumbar puncture early in the course of infection.
Polyhedral realizations of crystal bases B(λ) for quantum algebras of nonexceptional affine types
Authors: Hoshino A. , Nakada K.
Published: September 2019

We give explicit forms of the crystal bases B(λ) for the integrable highest weight modules of the quantum affine algebras for A2n(2), A2n−1(2), Bn(1), Cn(1), and Dn+1(2).
The effects of applied voltage on surface texturing during cathodic plasma electrolysis process
Authors: Zha Wei , Zhao Chen , Nie Xueyuan
Published: September 2019

Cathodic plasma electrolysis (CPE) process was applied on cast iron samples for about 1 minute to obtain a crater-liked surface texture with intention to reduce the friction and increase the wear resistance. During the treating process, the plasma discharging was initiated at the surface of cast iron samples, leading to the explosion of gas bubbles and then generating an irregular array of micro craters. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations showed that the recessed and protruded surface textures were obtained when the CPE-process was conducted at low and high voltages, respectively. The textured surfaces were measured and characterized using skewness and kurtosis Pin-on-disc tribotests on those textured samples demonstrated that the samples with negative skewness and higher kurtosis had a smaller coefficient of friction (∼0.08), while the samples with positive skewness and higher kurtosis had a larger coefficient of friction (∼0.104), which was even higher than that of untreated blank sample (∼0.1). The results indicate that the applied voltage significantly influences the surface finish in terms of surface texture and morphology, and thus the coefficients of friction.
Two-dimensional simulation of transition from primary to secondary streamer discharge in air
Authors: Zhao Longjian , Zang Yiming , Liu Wei , Qian Yong , Zhou Xiaoli
Published: September 2019

A Two-dimensional simulation of the atmospheric pressure needle-plane streamer discharge is presented in this paper. The model consists of three continuity equations for electrons and ions coupled with Poisson’s equation. Photon flux was estimated by the impact of the ionization reactions. The distributions of the electric field and photon flux from the primary streamer to the secondary streamer are discussed, where velocity of the primary streamer was 2.16×105 m/s and the radius of the filament of the secondary streamer varied from 0.012 cm to 0.02 cm. The variation in photon flux was similar to that of the electric field. When the streamer was close to the cathode, the photon flux exponentially increased from 4.5×1026 m-3s-1 to 2.42×1028 m-3s-1. The secondary streamer was similar to a uniform filament because of a uniform electric field.
High spin-wave propagation length consistent with low damping in a metallic ferromagnet
Authors: Flacke Luis , Liensberger Lukas , Althammer Matthias , Huebl Hans , Geprägs Stephan , Schultheiss Katrin , Buzdakov Aleksandr , Hula Tobias , Schultheiss Helmut , Edwards Eric R. J. , Nembach Hans T. , Shaw Justin M. , Gross Rudolf , Weiler Mathias
Published: September 2019

We report ultralow intrinsic magnetic damping in Co25Fe75 heterostructures, reaching the low 10−4 regime at room temperature. By using a broadband ferromagnetic resonance technique in out-of-plane geometry, we extracted the dynamic magnetic properties of several Co25Fe75-based heterostructures with varying ferromagnetic layer thicknesses. By measuring radiative damping and spin pumping effects, we found the intrinsic damping of a 26 nm thick sample to be α0≲3.18×10−4. Furthermore, using Brillouin light scattering microscopy, we measured spin-wave propagation lengths of up to (21 ± 1) μm in a 26 nm thick Co25Fe75 heterostructure at room temperature, which is in excellent agreement with the measured damping.
Local viscoelasticity at resin-metal interface analyzed with spatial-decomposition formula for relaxation modulus
Authors: Mori Hodaka , Matubayasi Nobuyuki
Published: September 2019

A spatial-decomposition formula is presented for viscoelasticity. In this formula, the relaxation modulus is decomposed with respect to a spatial coordinate and the local viscoelasticity is analyzed with the spatially decomposed stress-stress time correlation function. The spatial-decomposition formula is then applied to a planar interface between resin and metal by using the Kremer-Grest model at a variety of adhesion strengths. It was observed that when the resin-metal interaction is strong, the resin forms a layer structure extending over a spatial range which is larger by an order of magnitude than the segment size of the resin. The motion of the resin is suppressed there, and the effect of the interface is localized near the wall only when the adhesion is weak. Actually, the layer region is more viscous than the bulk when the resin interacts strongly with the wall, in the sense that the stress-stress correlation in the former region persists over longer times. The resin-metal interaction in the spatial scale corresponding to the segment size does not affect the equal-time correlation of the local stress significantly and modifies mainly the decay with time of the local stress of the resin within the layers. The present work demonstrates that the spatially decomposed relaxation modulus can be a general framework for analyzing the viscoelasticity at the interface and revealing the relationship of the adhesion to the stress-stress correlation in the segment-scale space and time.
Autoionization dynamics of (2P1/2)ns/d states in krypton probed by noncollinear wave mixing with attosecond extreme ultraviolet and few-cycle near infrared pulses
Authors: Fidler Ashley P. , Marroux Hugo J. B. , Warrick Erika R. , Bloch Etienne , Cao Wei , Leone Stephen R. , Neumark Daniel M.
Published: September 2019

The autoionization dynamics of the (2P1/2)ns/d Rydberg states in krypton are investigated using spatially isolated wave-mixing signals generated with a short train of subfemtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses and noncollinear, few-cycle near infrared pulses. Despite ubiquitous quantum beat oscillations from XUV-induced coherences within the excited-state manifold, these wave-mixing spectra allow for the simultaneous evaluation of autoionization lifetimes from a series of Rydberg states above the first ionization potential. Experimentally measured lifetimes of 22 ± 8 fs, 33 ± 6 fs, and 49 ± 6 fs for the wave-mixing signals emitting from the (2P1/2)6d/8s, (2P1/2)7d/9s, and (2P1/2)8d/10s resonances compare favorably with lifetimes for the (2P1/2)6d, 7d, and 8d Rydberg states determined from spectral linewidths. Analysis of the quantum beats reveals that the enhancement of wave-mixing pathways that couple the (2P1/2)nd states to themselves leads to individual reporter state-dependent decays in the wave-mixing signals. The results demonstrate the promise of wave-mixing spectroscopies with subfemtosecond XUV pulses to provide valuable insights into processes governed by electronic dynamics.
Efficient spin current generation in low-damping Mg(Al, Fe)2O4 thin films
Authors: Riddiford Lauren J. , Wisser Jacob J. , Emori Satoru , Li Peng , Roy Debangsu , Cogulu Egecan , van 't Erve Olaf , Deng Yong , Wang Shan X. , Jonker Berend T. , Kent Andrew D. , Suzuki Yuri
Published: September 2019

Low-damping magnetic insulators are essential for pure spin current-based electronics as they can generate and transfer spin currents without associated charge currents. Nanometer-thick epitaxial thin films of low-damping magnetic insulators are particularly important in order to control and switch the magnetization via spin transfer torques. We have recently developed films of the ferromagnetic insulator MgAl0.5Fe1.5O4 (MAFO) with a low Gilbert damping parameter (∼0.001). In contrast to Y3Fe5O12 (YIG), MAFO films can be grown on a variety of substrates and have significant in-plane magnetic anisotropy, leading to higher spin-wave frequencies. Here, we demonstrate efficient spin current injection from MAFO into adjacent Pt and β-W layers by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) broadening and inverse spin Hall effect measurements. Angular dependent magnetoresistance (ADMR) measurements indicate that the proximity effect magnetoresistance is small compared to the spin Hall magnetoresistance associated with spin pumping. FMR and ADMR measurements indicate that MAFO/Pt interfaces have a spin-mixing conductance of ∼2 × 1014 Ω−1 m−2, comparable to that of YIG/Pt. These measurements also show that the spin transport can be described by Dyakonov-Perel spin relaxation combined with an extrinsic spin Hall effect (from skew scattering). These results demonstrate the promise of spinel ferrites for spin current-based spintronics.
On the role of intermolecular vibrational motions for ice polymorphs I: Volumetric properties of crystalline and amorphous ices
Authors: Tanaka Hideki , Yagasaki Takuma , Matsumoto Masakazu
Published: September 2019

Intermolecular vibrations and volumetric properties are investigated using the quasiharmonic approximation with the TIP4P/2005, TIP4P/Ice, and SPC/E potential models for most of the known crystalline and amorphous ice forms that have hydrogen-disordering. The ice forms examined here cover low pressure ices (hexagonal and cubic ice I, XVI, and hypothetical dtc ice), medium pressure ices (III, IV, V, VI, XII, hydrogen-disordered variant of ice II), and high pressure ice (VII) as well as the low density and the high density amorphous forms. We focus on the thermal expansivities and the isothermal compressibilities in the low temperature regime over a wide range of pressures calculated via the intermolecular vibrational free energies. Negative thermal expansivity appears only in the low pressure ice forms. The sign of the thermal expansivity is elucidated in terms of the mode Grüneisen parameters of the low frequency intermolecular vibrational motions. Although the band structure for the low frequency region of the vibrational density of state in the medium pressure ice has a close resemblance to that in the low pressure ice, its response against volume variation is opposite. We reveal that the mixing of translational and rotational motions in the low frequency modes plays a crucial role in the appearance of the negative thermal expansivity in the low pressure ice forms. The medium pressure ices can be further divided into two groups in terms of the hydrogen-bond network flexibility, which is manifested in the properties on the molecular rearrangement against volume variation, notably the isothermal compressibility.
Large perovskite crystals improve carrier mobility for field-effect transistors
Authors: Gasparini Allison
Published: September 2019

Researchers improve carrier mobility of field-effect transistors by using large perovskite crystals that reduce grain boundaries.
An overlooked, early record of the desert rat-kangaroo (Caloprymnus campestris) from Lake Killalpaninna, South Australia
Authors: Vernes Karl , Ingleby Sandy , Eldridge Mark D. B.
Published: September 2019

The desert rat-kangaroo (Caloprymnus campestris) is known from specimens collected at just a few localities in north-eastern South Australia. We examined a C. campestris skin (M21674) in the collection of the Australian Museum, that was collected by Henry James Hillier at Lake Killalpaninna in South Australia between 1902 and 1905. This is a new locality for C. campestris, and the most southerly recorded. Furthermore, it precedes Hedley Herbert Finlayson’s rediscovery of the desert rat-kangaroo in 1931 by more than 25 years.
Observations of arboreal behaviour in the mainland dusky antechinus (Antechinus mimetes)
Authors: Watchorn Darcy J. , Ashman Kita R. , Harley Dan K. P.
Published: September 2019

During camera-trapping surveys for arboreal mammals within Yellingbo Nature Conservation Reserve we recorded arboreal behaviour in the mainland dusky antechinus, which is typically regarded as a strictly terrestrial species. The species was detected visiting baits positioned ~3.5m high on trees on 29 occasions, providing additional evidence of arboreal behaviour in the species and further demonstrating the value of camera traps in providing novel insights into animal behaviour.
Skerman and beyond: 2019 status of the Global Catalogue of Microorganisms
Authors: Ma Juncai , Wu Linhuan , Kurtböke İpek
Published: September 2019

The World Federation for Culture Collections (WFCC)-MIRCEN World Data Centre for Microorganisms (WDCM) was set up as a data centre of WFCC and UNESCO World Network of Microbiological Resources Centres (MIRCEN). The WDCM is a vehicle for networking microbial resource centres of various types of microorganisms. It also serves as an information resource for the customers of the microbial resource centres (http://www.wdcm.org/). The WDCM was established in 1966 by the late Professor V.B.D. Skerman in Australia, later moved to Japan in 1986 and since 2010 is based in China under the Directorship of Dr Juncai Ma. Current databases at the WDCM are the Culture Collections Information Worldwide (CCINFO), Global Catalogue of Microorganisms (GCM) and the WDCM Reference Strain Catalogue. In addition, Analyzer of Bio-resource citations (ABC) and Statistics on Patented Microorganisms are available (http://www.wdcm.org/databases.html). In this article the status of the GCM and its associated 10K type strain sequencing project that currently provides services to taxonomists for standard genome sequencing and annotation will be communicated.
Colonisation of a site by despotic bell miners: dispersal, establishment and diversity influences of banded birds
Authors: Lambert Kathryn T. A. , Leishman Alan
Published: September 2019

The bell miner (Manorina melanophrys) is a despotic honeyeater. Little is known about permanent colonisation in this species. Our banding study aimed to document changes in species richness over time and capture the effect of a despotic species. Our study is the first to document individual movements that led to the establishment of two permanent breeding colonies over 22 years of banding. One site in the Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan where birds moved in, compared to Camden Airport where bell miners have been present since the mid-1950s. Over the first 12 years there were three short-term visits by small groups of bell miners into the Conservation Woodland Area, in the Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan, for a maximum of three months. Retrapping of individuals showed that birds were first-year and older and travelled 2.1–4.2km. In 2016, both colonies contained over 120 birds and species richness changed, particularly of canopy-foraging species. At the Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan, 18 bird species decreased in number, with three no longer present (F33,34=2.50, P=0.00). Two other species also colonised the area and 13 increased in number. Understorey species such as the satin bowerbird, the eastern spinebill and the superb fairy-wren increased significantly. Movements of 0.3–1.0km were also detected at the Camden Airport site. At Camden Airport, five species decreased in number and four species increased but species richness stayed the same. Interestingly, bell miners decreased in number. After a heat wave in Summer 2016/17, bell miner weights declined and the colony disappeared. No eucalypt defoliation was observed in November 2017. Understorey modifications occurred only in areas away from the study sites during this project, suggesting that weather and food resources are the main contributing factors to colony establishment and longevity.
Not yet extinct: Rhynchobatus cooki is found after being unseen for over 20 years
Authors: Clark-Shen Naomi , Venkatesh Byrappa , Choy Pei Pei Christina , Xu Kathy , Naylor Gavin J. P.
Published: September 2019

In May 2019 a female specimen of Rhynchobatus cooki was found at Jurong Fishery Port in Singapore. The specimen had been imported from Indonesia. The species had not been seen for over 20 years, and this discovery gives hope that Rhynchobatus cooki is not yet extinct.
A THEORY OF INJURY AND RECOVERY
Authors: Osterhout W. J. V.
Published: September 2019

In addition to the Correction in Vol. iii, No. 3, January 20, 1921, on page 149, Vol. iii, No. 2, November 20, 1920, line 13, for 92.57 read 89.10; page 154, lines 15, 28, and 32, for O read O+10; page 155, line 3 of the figure legend, for O read O+10.
Polarimetric neutron tomography of magnetic fields: uniqueness of solution and reconstruction
Authors: Desai Naeem M , Lionheart William R B , Sales Morten , Strobl Markus , Schmidt Søren
Published: September 2019

We consider the problem of determination of a magnetic field from three dimensional polarimetric neutron tomography data. We see that this is an example of a non-Abelian ray transform and that the problem has a globally unique solution for smooth magnetic fields with compact support, and a locally unique solution for less smooth fields. We derive the linearization of the problem and note that the derivative is injective. We go on to show that the linearised problem about a zero magnetic field reduces to plane Radon transforms and suggest a modified Newton–Kantarovich method (MNKM) for the numerical solution of the non-linear problem, in which the forward problem is re-solved but the same derivative is used each time. Numerical experiments demonstrate that MNKM works for small enough fields (or large enough velocities) and we show an example where it fails to reconstruct a slice of the simulated data set. Lastly we show that, viewed as an optimization problem, the inverse problem is non-convex so we expect gradient based methods may fail.
Optimization of 2D and 3D cell culture to study membrane organization with STED microscopy
Authors: Maraspini Riccardo , Wang Chen-Ho , Honigmann Alf
Published: September 2019

Epithelia cells assemble into sheets that compartmentalize organs and generate tissue barriers. This is achieved by forming polarized membrane domains, which are connected by junctional complexes. While much is known about the organization of the basal membrane due to its easy accessibility by high and super-resolution microscopy, the apical and lateral membrane domains remain poorly characterized. Here we describe our methods to study the molecular organization of apical and lateral membrane domains by combining 2D and 3D epithelial cell culture with super-resolution STED microscopy. We show that inverted cell monolayers enable live cell imaging of the apical membrane with a resolution sufficient to resolve the densely packed micro-villi of human enterocytes. Furthermore, 3D cell culture enables us to resolve adhesion complexes in the lateral domain of kidney derived cells. We envision that these methods will help to reveal the supra-molecular structure of lateral and apical membrane domains in epithelial cells.
Using Gaussian process regression to simulate the vibrational Raman spectra of molecular crystals
Authors: Raimbault Nathaniel , Grisafi Andrea , Ceriotti Michele , Rossi Mariana
Published: September 2019

Vibrational properties of molecular crystals are constantly used as structural fingerprints, in order to identify both the chemical nature and the structural arrangement of molecules. The simulation of these properties is typically very costly, especially when dealing with response properties of materials to e.g. electric fields, which require a good description of the perturbed electronic density. In this work, we use Gaussian process regression (GPR) to predict the static polarizability and dielectric susceptibility of molecules and molecular crystals. We combine this framework with ab initio molecular dynamics to predict their anharmonic vibrational Raman spectra. We stress the importance of data representation, symmetry, and locality, by comparing the performance of different flavors of GPR. In particular, we show the advantages of using a recently developed symmetry-adapted version of GPR. As an examplary application, we choose Paracetamol as an isolated molecule and in different crystal forms. We obtain accurate vibrational Raman spectra in all cases with fewer than 1000 training points, and obtain improvements when using a GPR trained on the molecular monomer as a baseline for the crystal GPR models. Finally, we show that our methodology is transferable across polymorphic forms: we can train the model on data for one crystal structure, and still be able to accurately predict the spectrum for a second polymorph. This procedure provides an independent route to access electronic structure properties when performing force-evaluations on empirical force-fields or machine-learned potential energy surfaces.
Atom-pair tunneling and quantum phase transition in asymmetry double-well trap in strong-interaction regime*
Authors: Liu Ji-Li , Liang Jiu-Qing
Published: September 2019

The quantum effect of nonlinear co-tunnelling process, which is dependent on atom-pair tunneling and asymmetry of an double-well trap, is studied by using an asymmetrical extended Bose–Hubbard model. Due to the existence of atom-pair tunneling that describes quantum phenomena of ultracold atom-gas clouds in an asymmetrical double-well trap, the asymmetrical extended Bose–Hubbard model is better than the previous Bose–Hubbard model model by comparing with the experimental data cited from the literature. The dependence of dynamics and quantum phase transition on atom-pair tunneling and asymmetry are investigated. Importantly, it shows that the asymmetry of the extended Bose–Hubbard model, corresponding to the bias between double wells, leads to a number of resonance tunneling processes, which tunneling is renamed conditional resonance tunneling, and corrects the atom-number parity effect by controlling the bias between double wells.
Visible-to-near-infrared photodetector based on graphene–MoTe2–graphere heterostructure*
Authors: Hu Rui-Xue , Ma Xin-Li , An Chun-Ha , Liu Jing
Published: September 2019

Graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), two-dimensional materials, have been investigated wildely in recent years. As a member of the TMD family, MoTe2 possesses a suitable bandgap of ∼ 1.0 eV for near infrared (NIR) photodetection. Here we stack the MoTe2 flake with two graphene flakes of high carrier mobility to form a graphene–MoTe2–graphene heterostructure. It exhibits high photo-response to a broad spectrum range from 500 nm to 1300 nm. The photoresponsivity is calculated to be 1.6 A/W for the 750-nm light under 2 V/0 V drain–source/gate bias, and 154 mA/W for the 1100-nm light under 0.5 V/60 V drain–source/gate bias. Besides, the polarity of the photocurrent under zero V
ds can be efficiently tuned by the back gate voltage to satisfy different applications. Finally, we fabricate a vertical graphene–MoTe2–graphene heterostructure which shows improved photoresponsivity of 3.3 A/W to visible light.
Dynamical evolution of photon-added thermal state in thermal reservoir*
Authors: Xu Xue-Xiang , Yuan Hong-Chun
Published: September 2019

The dynamical behavior of a photon-added thermal state (PATS) in a thermal reservoir is investigated by virtue of Wigner function (WF) and Wigner logarithmic negativity (WLN), where this propagation model is abstracted as an input–output problem in a thermal-loss channel. The density operator of the output optical field at arbitrary time can be expressed in the integration form of the characteristics function of the input optical field. The exact analytical expression of WF is given, which is closely related to the Laguerre polynomial and is dependent on the evolution time and other interaction parameters (related with the initial field and the reservoir). Based on the WLN, we observe the dynamical evolution of the PATS in the thermal reservoir. It is shown that the thermal noise will make the PATS lose the non-Gaussianity.
Can smallholder farmers buffer rainfall variability through conservation agriculture? On-farm practices and maize yields in Kenya and Malawi
Authors: Boillat Sébastien , Jew Eleanor K K , Steward Peter R , Speranza Chinwe Ifejika , Whitfield Stephen , Mkwambisi David , Kiteme Boniface , Wambugu Grace , Burdekin Oliver J , Dougill Andrew J
Published: September 2019

Reduced tillage, permanent ground cover and crop diversification are the three core pillars of Conservation Agriculture (CA). We assess and compare on-farm effects of different practices related to the three pillars of CA on maize yields under ENSO-driven rainfall variability in Kenya and Malawi. Reduced tillage practices increased yields per hectare by 250 kg on average in Malawi under below-average rainfall conditions and by 700 kg in Kenya under above-average rainfall, but did not have any significant effect on yields under below-average rainfall conditions in Kenya. Ground cover had a positive impact on yields in Malawi (dry conditions) but not in Kenya (both dry and wet conditions), where mixed crop and livestock systems limited this practice. Crop diversification had positive impacts in Kenya (both dry and wet conditions), where maize-legume crop rotation is practiced, but not in Malawi where landholdings are too small to allow rotation. Our findings suggest that isolated CA techniques can have positive effects on yields even after only a few years of practice under variable rainfall conditions. This strengthens empirical evidence supporting the value of CA in resilience building of agricultural systems, and suggests that both full and partial adoption of CA practices should be supported in areas where climate change is leading to more variable rainfall conditions.
Study on the seepage control effect for the dam foundation of CHIPWI hydropower Station at upper stream IRRAWADDY RIVER
Authors: Cui Hao dong , Wang Zhi , Zhang Wei , Wu Qin hua
Published: September 2019

Impervious curtain and intensive drainage holes take important roles to control the seepage field in the foundation of dam such as that with fault for Chipwi Hydropower Station. The three-dimensional seepage field is modelled with finite element method, and the efficiency is analysed for impervious curtain and drainage holes to control the seepage field. The results indicate that the curtain with less permeability is more efficient, especially for the area with fault. Drainage hole spacing does not influence the seepage field greatly. While the drainage hole spacing is doubled, whole discharge increases but the uplift pressure still meets the requirement according to design code.
Deformation Monitoring Indexes of High Concrete Arch Dam Considering Time-varying Effect
Authors: Wang Shaowei , Xu Yingli , Xia Qun , Hu Kun
Published: September 2019

Deformation is the most intuitive reflection of comprehensive behavior of concrete dams, and it is of great significance to determine the deformation monitoring indexes for dam abnormality identifying. In this paper, deformation monitoring indexes of arch dam were determined in the form of causal components, and the time-varying effect caused by the degradation of dam material properties was considered. The hydraulic component in monitoring index was determined into three grades by water density overloading method, and the appearances of dam heel yield depth coming up to the curtain axis, the catastrophes of dam body yield volume ratio and dam radial displacement, were respectively taken as the abnormal symbols. The temperature component was determined for two operation conditions, with respect to the measured high and low temperature periods. As for the time effect component, it was initially calculated by FEM with the environmental damage-considered rheological constitutive models, and fitted by the combination of exponential function and periodic function. A case study was performed to give more detailed introductions for determining the proposed deformation monitoring indexes. Research results show that the components of temperature and time-effect occupy a large proportion in monitoring index of arch dams.
Protection Measures on Water Quality in Yellow-River-Crossing Tunnel
Authors: Zhu Yaping
Published: September 2019

The Yellow-River-Crossing Project is a special symbolic water conveyance structure in the middle route of the main canal. Its scenic environment surface sensory and water quality safety are equally important. Under the guarantee of the water quality monitoring station network designed, the water quality of the inlet and outlet of the tunnel reaches environmental quality standards II for the surface water. The deterioration of organic matter seriously endangers the safety of water quality. Floating cleaning has become a part of the daily routine. In view of the shortcomings of traditional long-rod net fishing such as great difficulty, high operational risk factor and low efficiency, and the characteristics of many floating species, large volume and concentration in the catchment area in front of the safety barrier at the entrance of the Yellow-River-Crossing Tunnel Project, an automatic fishing barrier was developed and installed. An environmental-friendly floating operation platform was equipped at the outlet of the tunnel, considering the large difference between the platform and the water and as a window for external exchange and display. The floating mat can beautify the environment and provide an emergency operation platform for handling hydraulic oil leakage and accidents at the inlet and outlet of the tunnel. It provides a practical reference for the salvage mechanization of the Project and the floating materials cleaning of the inverted siphon and aqueduct structures in the Project.
Comparative Study on the Discrete Model and the Improved Embedded Model of Cooling Water Pipe
Authors: Yuan Min , Qiang Sheng , Zhang Jingtao , Sun Qiaorong , Zheng Xuerui , Zhang Zhipei
Published: September 2019

Lianghu pump station of a large-scale water conservancy project under construction is characterized by complex structure, large scale and large size of solid body pouring block, while the previous discrete model of cooling water pipe is difficult to be successfully arranged in the concrete grid and requires a large amount of computation. In this paper, the improved embedded model of cooling water pipe, which considers the change of the water temperature in the cooling water pipe, is adopted to simulate the temperature control of the large pump station during the construction period. The results show that, with the help of the measured data, although the error rate of the improved embedded model of cooling water pipe at the highest temperature is 5% higher than that of the discrete model, the calculation efficiency is increased by about 40% in comparison with the discrete model. The comprehensive profit is improved by nearly 35%. It is worth popularizing and applying in the simulation calculation of temperature field of large pump station structure during construction period. Finally, the results of the two pipe models are compared and the relevant suggestions are given.
Study on the Ecological Operation of Artificial River-Communicating Lakes during Non-Flood Period
Authors: Chai Zhaohui , Yao Shiming , Liu Tonghuan
Published: September 2019

River-communicating lakes in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River connect with river through culverts and sluices except Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake. Its water quality is poorer due to the lack of natural exchange of water, especially in dry season. Taking Huayang Lake group as an example, the feasibility of ecological operation and the specific plan during non-flood period were studied by data analysis, field investigation and numerical simulation. Data analysis result presents the concentration of TN and TP decreases with the increase of water level, but the tendency slows down when the water level exceeds a certain value. In addition, based on the current sluice gate dispatching mode, relationship between river and lakes, flood control security, improvement of water environment and the simulated results, the ecological operation plan was obtained, that is, using Yangwan and Huayang sluices to control the water level in the lake from October to December at 13 m, January to February at 12.5 m and March to April at 11.8 m.
Vegetation coverage dynamics and its response to urbanization in the Taihu Lake Basin during 1998∼2010
Authors: Qingfang Hu , Leizhi Wang , Yintang Wang , Lingjie Li , Yong Liu , Tingting Cui
Published: September 2019

Based on the DMSP/OLS nighttime lighting data, the temporal and spatial evolution patterns of urbanization in Taihu Lake Basin from 1992 to 2010 were illustrated. In the meantime, the dynamic change characteristics of vegetation cover in Taihu Lake Basin from 1998-2010 were revealed according to the annual maximum ten-day normalized vegetation NDVI index and the corresponding vegetation coverage rate of SPOT in 1km × 1km resolution. Subsequently, the temporal and spatial response characteristics of vegetation cover factor to urbanization were also identified. The results showed that the urbanization process of the Taihu Lake Basin has been accelerated substantially since the beginning of the 1990s, and the intensity of nighttime and human activity has continuously increased. The urban built-up area has expanded extensively in the eastern part of the basin. Although the annual maximum ten-day normalized vegetation index NDVI and vegetation coverage in the whole basin over the past more than 10 years did not exhibit significant decline or class difference, there were significant negative temporal correlations of the annual maximum NDVI index and the vegetation coverage with the light intensity in the surrounding area and the corridors of main communication. As a result, the vegetation coverage in Puxi, Pudong, Yangcheng-Dianmao, and WuchengXiYu exhibited continued downward trends. At the same time, there was a close relationship between the spatial pattern of vegetation coverage and the pattern of urbanization in Taihu Lake Basin. On the spatial scale of 1km × 1km, there were significant negative correlations between NDVI and light intensity in the whole basin except for the Taihu Lake area over all the investigated years. Since the rapid urbanization of the Taihu Lake Basin has a significant effect on vegetation cover characteristics, it is necessary to reinforce the ecological protection, restoration and other measures to scientifically respond and prevent changes in vegetation cover caused by the ecological environment and hydrological risks.
Study on Bending Resistance and Self-healing Property of SBS Modified Asphalt Mortar under Thermal Aging
Authors: Cui Yanan , Li Xueshan , Yu Qingnian , Cui Shuyu
Published: September 2019

At present, there are many studies on asphalt mixtures in China, but the research on asphalt mortar is not enough. In this paper, through trabecular bending tests of base asphalt mortar and SBS modified asphalt mortar under different aging degrees,and the change rules of mechanical properties of two kinds of asphalt mortar under different aging degrees were studied. By designing self-healing experiments of asphalt mortar specimens. The test results show that SBS modified asphalt mortar has better deformation resistance and load-bearing capacity than base asphalt mortar, SBS modified asphalt has better pavement performance, and the deformation resistance and stress relaxation performance of SBS modified asphalt mortar are greatly affected by short-term aging, which is the main factor affecting the healing degree. Therefore, controlling the short-term thermal aging of SBS modified asphalt mixture during paving and transportation is of great significance to the improvement of pavement service life.
Main influencing factors of sediment peak transmission time in flood season of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR)
Authors: Huang Ren-yong , Wang Min , Ren Shi , Liu Liang
Published: September 2019

Based on the measured data of sediment peak transport after the application of the TGR, the relationship between sediment peak transmission time and different influencing factors in the TGR was studied. The result shows: Main influencing factors of sediment peak transmission time in flood season of the TGR are sediment peak concentration of Cuntan station and flood retention coefficient, and the relationship between them is the positive proportion, in which the influence of inflow sediment peak on the sediment peak transmission time is greater than flood retention coefficient. Research results can provide reference for Sediment regulation of the TGR during flood season.
Modeling of Fluvial Processes for Braided Channel in Down Yangtze River, Part 2: Application to the Channel Regulation
Authors: Ge Hua , Lingling Zhu
Published: September 2019

A well validated two-dimensional surface numerical model for braided channel in down Yangtze River was used to analyse the effect of the channel regulation projects in Hechangzhou reach. Based on the different flow and sediment boundaries, the calculations were carried out to analyse the river bed evolution and the slit ratio under the impacts of two supposed projects. The results show that the subsequent submerged dikes nearby the existed one in left branch will be beneficial to the maintenance of the deep-water channel for right branch.
Development of an Energy-based EPWP Generation Model under Different Drainage Conditions
Authors: Wang Bo , Yao Changrui , Liu Zhiqiang , Fan Hao , Xiao Haohan
Published: September 2019

Drainage conditions have significant influence on the liquefaction behaviour of soil. In this study, cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on saturated Fujian standard sand under different drainage conditions. A new infiltration device was designed to simulate the different drainage conditions by controlling the permeability coefficient of the silt inside. Permeability coefficient ratio (kp) is introduced to measure the effect of different drainage conditions (k

p
= k

i
/k
o, where k

i
is the permeability coefficient of the silt at different dry density; k
o is the permeability coefficient of the saturated sand specimen). A series of cyclic triaxial tests were conducted to evaluate the response regularity of excess pore water pressure (EPWP) of saturated sand under different drainage conditions. Test results indicate that different drainage conditions have obviously effects on the EPWP generation. Based on the strain energy concept, an EPWP generation model is developed by considering the effect of drainage condition and it shows good agreement with the test observations.
Study on the rainfall change in Pisha stone area
Authors: Shen Zhenzhou , Yao Wenyi , Xiao Peiqing , Li Mian , Yang Jishan , Jing Chengran , Zhang Pan , Wang Zhihui , Liu Hui
Published: September 2019

Rainfall and raindrop characteristics have an important impact on the erosion of sandstone soil. The LPM laser raindrop spectrometer is used to analyze the rainfall characteristics of the Ordos City in the Yellow River Basin, including the distribution characteristics of the velocity and size of a natural rainfall raindrop. Statistical analysis shows that with the gradual strengthening of rainfall intensity, the number of raindrops per unit time, the size and speed of raindrops will increase parabolically. However, the natural rainfall process finds that the diameter and velocity of the raindrop are relatively scattered. During this measurement, the velocity of raindrops is mainly distributed between 1-3.4m / s, and most raindrops are distributed at 1-1.8m / s. The diameter of the raindrops is mainly distributed in the range of 0.125-0.5 mm. The raindrops with a diameter of 0.125mm are mainly distributed between 0.8-3.4m / s, the raindrops with a diameter of 0.25mm are mainly distributed between 1-2.6m / s, and the raindrops with a diameter of 0.375mm are mainly distributed between 1.0-2.2 m/s, and the diameter of 0.5 mm is mainly distributed in the range of 2.2-2.6 m / s.