bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Managing the development of artificial reef systems: The need for quantitative goals
Authors: Becker Alistair , Taylor Matthew D. , Folpp Heath , Lowry Michael B.
Published: April 2018

Fisheries enhancement initiatives are a potentially useful tool for managers to supplement traditional approaches. Habitat‐based enhancements often deploy artificial reefs with the aim to increase the available structure to augment local production, yet current assessment approaches make it difficult to assess whether these reefs achieve pre‐deployment goals. This makes it hard for managers to determine whether artificial reefs could improve their fishery outputs, potentially leading to missed opportunities and reduced production. We reviewed 270 research articles to determine whether existing monitoring studies identify whether artificial reefs meet their pre‐deployment goals, thereby providing some evidence of their suitability for certain fisheries. We found only 62% of these studies clearly articulated the original goals of the reef. Goals were qualitative, and most studies were conducted over insufficient time frames to allow for ecological communities to stabilize and mature. It is therefore difficult to determine the success or failure of many artificial reefs in addressing the management issues for which they were deployed. In the light of these findings, we think the setting of explicit quantitative goals (which may be biological, social or economic), and monitoring the performance of reefs against these goals, could stimulate the broader application of artificial reefs in fisheries management strategies. Such an approach has been successfully adopted in aquaculture‐based fisheries enhancement, and we explain how current evaluation methods such as harvest strategies can be easily adapted to quantitatively monitor artificial reef performance.
Parental Denigration: A Form of Conflict that Typically Backfires
Authors: Rowen Jenna , Emery Robert
Published: April 2018

Parental denigration is a phenomenon characterized by disparaging comments made by one parent about the other parent in front of their children. It is an emerging area of research with implications that could either follow a parental alienation perspective or a conflict perspective. In two prior studies of 648 and 994 young adults, denigration was found to be (1) measured reliably and perhaps validly; (2) reciprocally occurring; (3) related to children feeling more distant from both parents, particularly the more frequent denigrator; and (4) associated with various measures of maladjustment. These results held in married and divorced families, for mothers and fathers, in group and individual analyses, across own and sibling reports, and across studies. In a new study, parents also showed agreement in reported denigration, with divorced (particularly litigating) parents appearing motivated to underreport their own denigration behaviors and overreport their co‐parent's denigration behaviors. Across all three studies, results consistently aligned with a conflict perspective and indicated that denigrating one's co‐parent appears to boomerang and hurt the parent's own relationship with the children rather than distance children from the co‐parent.
The Seal of Biliteracy: Successes and challenges to implementation
Authors: Davin Kristin J. , Heineke Amy J. , Egnatz Linda
Published: April 2018

The present study examined the perspectives of language administrators and teachers regarding Seal of Biliteracy (SoBL) implementation. Utilizing three school districts in Illinois as case studies, this study investigated the ways in which the SoBL was implemented in each district, offering insight into what worked well in each unique school context as well as the challenges that stakeholders encountered while putting the policy into practice. This mixed‐methods study employed a concurrent triangulation design, where quantitative and qualitative data were collected concurrently, analyzed separately, and combined to confirm and cross‐validate findings. Data sources included teacher surveys, interviews of world language administrators and teachers, and artifacts. The two most prominent themes that emerged from the research question regarding the successes of the SoBL were the change to instruction and assessment and increased world language retention and enrollment. The two most prominent themes regarding the challenges of implementation were the lack of extended sequences of study and the challenge of disseminating information about the award. The hope is that insights from these three districts will inform and ease implementation for others wishing to put this policy into practice.
Winter activity of common bream (Abramis brama L.) in a European reservoir
Authors: Jurajda P. , Roche K. , Halačka K. , Mrkvová M. , Zukal J.
Published: April 2018

As temperatures drop and fish metabolism slows, cyprinids are generally assumed to form dense, static shoals or migrate to suitable sites up tributaries to reduce predation risk. Using telemetry, common bream Abramis brama (L.) were observed to remain active and (presumably) foraged throughout winter in an area in the middle of an 8‐m‐deep valley reservoir coinciding with a 3–5 m zone of warmer, oxygenated water below an inverse thermocline. Tagged bream appeared to avoid cold, shallow zones (<1.5 m) at the inlet and banks and the deepest zone (5–8 m) near the dam/outlet, possibly due to poor food availability. Under certain conditions, bream populations showed higher levels of winter activity (and feeding) than previously assumed, with implications for both reservoir fisheries management and future studies assessing cyprinid behaviour, energy budgets and diet in lakes and reservoirs.
Groundwater Modeling with Nonlinear Uncertainty Analyses to Enhance Remediation Design Confidence
Authors: Brouwers Martinus , Martin Paul J. , Abbey Daron G. , White Jeremy
Published: April 2018

Soil and groundwater contamination are often managed by establishing on‐site cleanup targets within the context of risk assessment or risk management measures. Decision‐makers rely on modeling tools to provide insight; however, it is recognized that all models are subject to uncertainty. This case study compares suggested remediation requirements using a site‐specific numerical model and a standardized analytical tool to evaluate risk to a downgradient wetland receptor posed by on‐site chloride impacts. The base case model, calibrated to observed non‐pumping and pumping conditions, predicts a peak concentration well above regulatory criteria. Remediation scenarios are iteratively evaluated to determine a remediation design that adheres to practical site constraints, while minimizing the potential for risk to the downgradient receptor. A nonlinear uncertainty analysis is applied to each remediation scenario to stochastically evaluate the risk and find a solution that meets the site‐owner risk tolerance, which in this case required a risk‐averse solution. This approach, which couples nonlinear uncertainty analysis with a site‐specific numerical model provides an enhanced level of knowledge to foster informed decision‐making (i.e., risk‐of‐success) and also increases stakeholder confidence in the remediation design.
An‐Archy and Awakening: The Ethical and Political Temporalities of Christology and Pneumatology
Authors: Eaton Matthew
Published: April 2018

This article constructs an ecological theology following Emmanuel Levinas’ philosophy of religion. I suggest that the Son and Spirit express divinity through corporeal and temporal realities best described through Levinas’ ideas concerning the an‐archy and awakening of time. Following Levinas, and theologians such as Mark I Wallace, I construct a materialist theology that blurs the line between God and corporeal bodies, positing that such an understanding of the Son and Spirit re‐sacralizes nature in a way that assists Christianity in overcoming the tenuous relationship between humanity and Earth.
Identification and description of controlled clinical trials in Spanish language dental journals
Authors: Villanueva Julio , Delgado Isabel , Saldarriaga Julio R. , Gargallo Maria Garcia , Amaro Yanina , Zapata Sebastián , Núñez Lorena , Zamorano Gabriel , Pardo‐Hernandez Hector , Bonfill Xavier , Martin Conchita
Published: April 2018

Background

To identify controlled clinical trials (CCTs) published in Spanish and in Latin American dental journals, and provide access to this body of evidence in a single source.

Methods

Handsearching, following Cochrane Collaboration guidelines, of CCTs published in Spanish dental journals from Spain and Latin America. For each eligible trial, we collected the dental specialty, the interventions evaluated, whether and how randomisation was achieved, and the corresponding bibliographic reference.

Results

We handsearched 107 journals published in Spain and Latin America in Spanish. Over 17 051 articles, 244 (1.43%) were CCTs. These studies focused mainly on periodontics (70, 29.0%) and oral and maxillofacial surgery (66, 27.0%), assessing mostly pharmacological interventions (112, 46.0%). One hundred fifty‐three studies (62.7%) used a random allocation of participants to study arms.

Conclusions

A significant number of dental journals published in Spain and Latin America in Spanish language present original research relevant to inform clinical practice. These journals are not indexed in the major electronic databases.

Practical Implications

References to the identified CCTs are now available in CENTRAL, the Cochrane Collaboration repository for these studies. We call for adherence to the CONSORT statement in dentistry to improve reporting of CCTs in journals published in Spanish language.
Information Pertaining to Released Sex Offenders: To Disclose or Not to Disclose, that is the Question
Authors: FITZGERALD O'REILLY MARGARET
Published: April 2018

When it comes to offenders, none stand so loathed in the public mind as sex offenders. So when it comes time for such offenders to be released, policies within the criminal justice sphere have focused upon managing potential risks in the name of public protection. In recent times one issue that remains particularly contentious is that of disclosure of information about sex offenders, particularly public access to such information. This is part of a larger issue as to whether sex offenders are ever allowed to move on with their lives following a conviction. Post‐release management of offenders aims to enhance public safety, but it also affects the idea that once an offender has served their sentence, the criminal justice system no longer has any claim over them. With this issue in mind, this article aims to examine current policy and debates in Ireland on the issue of disclosure in light of policy changes elsewhere. Rather than definitively answer the question posed in the title, the article seeks to explore how disclosure of information could serve to perpetuate the idea of ‘once an offender, always an offender’, thus rendering it impossible to move to a narrative of reintegration and rehabilitation.
2,3,5,4′‐Tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐glucoside potentiates self‐renewal of human dental pulp stem cells via the AMPK/ERK/SIRT1 axis
Authors: Lin C.‐Y. , Chin Y.‐T. , Kuo P.‐J. , Lee H.‐W. , Huang H.‐M. , Lin H.‐Y. , Weng I.‐T. , Hsiung C.‐N. , Chan Y.‐H. , Lee S.‐Y.
Published: April 2018

Aim

To evaluate the effect of 2,3,5,4′‐tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐D‐glucoside (THSG) on cell proliferation and examine the mechanisms of THSG‐enhanced proliferative potential in human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC).

Methodology

After treatment with THSG, hDPSC were collected. Cell viability was determined by MTS assay, while messenger RNA (mRNA) expressions of proliferation and stem cell markers were analyzed using real‐time PCR. Flow cytometry was also conducted to analysis protein expression of stem cell markers. A colony‐forming unit assay of hDPSC was carried out. Cellular telomerase activity was also identified using real‐time PCR. In addition, proliferation‐related proteins involved in the effects of THSG on hDPSC were analyzed by Western blotting. Data were analyzed using one‐way analysis of variance and two‐tailed Student's t‐test.

Results

Cell viability, colony‐forming rates and telomerase activities of hDPSCs were enhanced after THSG treatment. mRNA expressions of proliferation markers (including expressions of NAD+‐dependent histone deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1 and ribonucleotide reductase subunit M2 (RRM2)) increased significantly after THSG treatment (P < 0.05). Treatment with THSG for 3 h significantly augmented SIRT1 protein expression (P < 0.05). Furthermore, activities of proliferation‐related proteins (including AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) had also significantly increased at 3 h (P < 0.05). After THSG treatment, increased gene and protein expressions of pluripotent‐like stem cell markers (including NANOG, OCT4, and SOX2) were observed.

Conclusions

2,3,5,4′‐Tetrahydroxystilbene‐2‐O‐β‐glucoside treatment enhanced the renewal ability and proliferative potential of hDPSCs via the AMPK/ERK/SIRT1 axis, which may provide a novel autogenic cell‐based therapeutic strategy in regenerative dentistry.
Effect of chitosan–Jicama starch coating on changes in qualities of fresh Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets during ice storage
Authors: Li Dan , Zhao Yingxin , Han Peng , Yang Chengcheng , Liang Xiaobo , Li Lirong , Cai Shengbao
Published: April 2018

The effect of chitosan (0.5%)/Jicama starch (0%–4%)‐based edible coating on the quality of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets was evaluated over ice storage time. All samples were periodically analysed for pH value, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB‐N), electrical conductivity (EC), total viable counts (TVC), total psychrotrophic counts (TPC), drip loss, colour, hardness and sensory characteristics. Results demonstrated that the quality of Nile tilapia fillets was preserved by the film containing chitosan and/or Jicama starch. Compared with chitosan coating alone (0.5% chitosan/0.25% glycerol) (P < 0.05), T3 (0.5% chitosan/1% Jicama starch/0.25% glycerol) had a better effect on the drip loss, TBA, TVC, TPC, hardness and sensory characteristics of the samples, thus indicating that low Jicama starch concentration (1%) enriched the coating ability of chitosan in extending the shelf life of Nile tilapia fillets.
Use of coffee by‐products for the cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus salmoneo‐stramineus and its impact on biological properties of extracts thereof
Authors: Freitas Ana C. , Antunes Mariana B. , Rodrigues Dina , Sousa Sérgio , Amorim Manuela , Barroso Maria F. , Carvalho Ana , Ferrador Sandra M. , Gomes Ana M.
Published: April 2018

Incorporating spent coffee grounds (SCGs), a by‐product from coffee brewing, in growth substrate of beneficial edible mushrooms is an approach that has to be further studied due to its potential positive outcomes: environmental impact mitigation, production costs reduction and beneficial impact on consumer health. Hence, cultivation of Pleurotus citrinopileatus and Pleurotus salmoneo‐stramineus was tested using SCG which enabled maximum production yield of P. citrinopileatus which was of 25.1% (w/w). Variable antidiabetic potential was observed between aqueous and enzymatic extracts (3.8%–29% inhibition) regardless species and substrates, whereas aqueous extract of P. citrinopileatus grown in substrate without SCG stood out presenting the highest antioxidant activity and inhibition activity of angiotensin I‐converting enzyme (IC50 = 123 μg mL−1). Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of both Pleurotus species grown in the presence or absence of SGC proved to be an interesting prebiotic source for growth of Bifidobacterium animalis Bo in comparison with fructooligosaccharides (FOS).
Inactivation of apple (Malus domestica Borkh) polyphenol oxidases by radio frequency combined with pulsed electric field treatment
Authors: Tian Yixiong , Wang Shukun , Yan Wenxu , Tang Yali , Yang Ruijin , Zhao Wei
Published: April 2018

Radio frequency (RF) preprocessing combined with pulsed electric field (PEF) processing was employed to inactivate polyphenol oxidase (PPO) in apple juice. PPO enzyme levels, loss of total phenolic content (TPC), colours and volatile components in the apple juice were subsequently determined and compared with conventional processing methods (60 °C for 10 min and 70 °C for 10 min). Results indicated that, when the apple tissue was preprocessed using RF for 10 min, the residual activity of PPO decreased to 13.57%; when the squeezed juice was processed by PEF, the residual activity decreased to about 5% at 15–35 kV cm−1 for 400 μs. RF treatment caused no significant loss in TPC. Compared with the conventionally processed samples, the apple juice that was RF‐treated for 10 min and PEF‐treated at 15 kV cm−1 for 400 μs increased its lightness and maintained its fresh‐like flavour.
Laser prostate ablation and enucleation: Analysis of a national cohort
Authors: Kreydin Evgeniy I , Chyu Jennifer , Lerner Lori
Published: April 2018

Objective

To compare characteristics and outcomes of benign prostatic hyperplasia patients undergoing prostate laser ablation with those undergoing laser enucleation using a nationwide cohort.

Methods

Men who underwent prostate laser ablation (n=10054) or laser enucleation (n=1705) between 2011 and 2015 were identified by the common procedural terminology code as recorded in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. Preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative parameters were compared between the groups using univariate and multivariate analysis.

Results

Prostate laser ablation patients were older, had more comorbidities and were more likely to have abnormal laboratory values. Enucleations were significantly longer and more likely to result in a hospital stay >1day. Enucleation patients were also more likely to require a blood transfusion postoperatively, but less likely to experience urinary tract infection and sepsis on both univariate and multivariate analysis adjusted for preoperative and intraoperative factors.

Conclusions

Although laser enucleation and prostate laser ablation are both considered minimally invasive techniques, significant differences in patient selection, intraoperative factors and postoperative complications are identified in this national cohort. The present study shows that despite similar outcomes in prospective single‐center studies, prostate laser ablation and laser enucleation have distinct practice patterns in a broader national context.
Establishing priorities on the range of conditions managed by UK community practitioner nurse prescribers: A modified Delphi consensus study
Authors: Courtenay Molly , Franklin Penelope , Griffiths Matt , Hall Tracy , Macangus Julie , Myers Joan , Peniston‐Bird Fiona , Radley Kathy
Published: April 2018

Aim

To provide national consensus on the range of conditions community practitioner nurse prescribers manage and for which it is considered important that they can prescribe.

Background

Around 35,000 community practitioner nurse prescribers in the United Kingdom are able to prescribe from a limited formulary. Although prescribing is a key role for these nurses, there has been a decline in the numbers of community practitioner nurse prescribers who prescribe. It is evident that changing patterns of client and service delivery, changes the role of community nurses and the conditions they manage, however, little is known about the conditions community practitioner nurse prescribers manage.

Design and methods

A modified Delphi approach comprising three on‐line surveys delivered to a national Expert Panel of 89 qualified community practitioner prescribers. Data collection took place between January–March 2017.

Results

Panelists reached a consensus, with consistent high levels of agreement reached, on nineteen conditions for which it is believed community practitioner nurse prescribers should be able to prescribe. Conditions identified by school nurses (N = 12) and health visitors (N = 7) were mainly acutely focused, whereas those identified by district nurses (N = 9) and community staff nurses (N = 6) included both long‐term and acute conditions.

Conclusion

Given the high degree of consensus, this list of conditions should influence any decisions about the items community and public health nurses should be able to prescribe. The findings should also influence the education and training of these nurses.
A Q‐methodology study among caregivers of people with moderate intellectual disabilities on their clients’ health care: An example in oral health
Authors: Eijsink A. M. , Schipper G. , Vermaire J. H.
Published: April 2018

Background

People with intellectual disabilities have less favourable outcomes in—among others—oral health variables, compared to their peers without intellectual disabilities. Before being able to develop target interventions for caregivers, all their prevailing viewpoints regarding oral hygiene need to be identified.

Methods

This Q‐methodology study—conducted among 40 caregivers of care‐dependent Institutionalized living persons with moderate intellectual disability—used by‐person factor analysis to reveal clusters of caregivers based on the way their statements were sorted.

Results

A 4‐factor solution was chosen based on both the Q‐sorting and the interviews. The four factors identified were responsible and perseverant, motivated but aware of obstacles, social minded and knowledgeable and concerned and insecure.

Conclusion

Q‐methodology can be used to determine the different attitudes that caregivers have regarding oral health care. Developing a tool to determine into which factor caregivers should be categorized may be the next step in tailoring oral health instruction.
The motivational implications of adolescents' school‐oriented possible identities in a social change context
Authors: Masinga Nonhlanhla C. , Dumont Kitty B.
Published: April 2018

In line with the identity‐based motivation theory (Oyserman, 2015), which postulates that the motivational implications of possible identities depend on social context, the present research argues that the interplay between accessible possible identities and motivation is also influenced by adolescents' perceptions of social change. According to social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986), perceptions of social change were conceptualized as intergroup comparison outcomes, which are assumed to influence the motivational implications of possible identities under the condition that the social change process is perceived as insecure. The results of the present study, which surveyed 631 South African adolescents, supported our assumption. For instance, Black township participants' motivational implications of their possible identities were informed by their identification with Black South Africans. However, the results with regard to white suburb and Black suburb participants were rather ambiguous. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in detail.
Retracted: Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 enhances the docetaxel resistance of prostate cancer cells via miR‐145‐5p‐mediated regulation of AKAP12
Authors: Xue Dong , Lu Hao , Xu Han‐Yan , Zhou Cui‐Xing , He Xiao‐Zhou
Published: April 2018

Our present work was aimed to study on the regulatory role of MALAT1/miR‐145‐5p/AKAP12 axis on docetaxel (DTX) sensitivity of prostate cancer (PCa) cells. The microarray data (GSE33455) to identify differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs in DTX‐resistant PCa cell lines (DU‐145‐DTX and PC‐3‐DTX) was retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. QRT‐PCR analysis was performed to measure MALAT1 expression in DTX‐sensitive and DTX‐resistant tissues/cells. The human DTX‐resistant cell lines DU145‐PTX and PC3‐DTX were established as in vitro cell models, and the expression of MALAT1, miR‐145‐5p and AKAP12 was manipulated in DTX‐sensitive and DTX‐resistant cells. Cell viability was examined using MTT assay and colony formation methods. Cell apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining. Cell migration and invasion was determined by scratch test (wound healing) and Transwell assay, respectively. Dual‐luciferase assay was applied to analyse the target relationship between lncRNA MALAT1 and miR‐145‐5p, as well as between miR‐145‐5p and AKAP12. Tumour xenograft study was undertaken to confirm the correlation of MALAT1/miR‐145‐5p/AKAP12 axis and DTX sensitivity of PCa cells in vivo. In this study, we firstly notified that the MALAT1 expression levels were up‐regulated in clinical DTX‐resistant PCa samples. Overexpressed MALAT1 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion but decreased cell apoptosis rate of PCa cells in spite of DTX treatment. We identified miR‐145‐5p as a target of MALAT1. MiR‐145‐5p overexpression in PC3‐DTX led to inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as reduced chemoresistance to DTX, which was attenuated by MALAT1. Moreover, we determined that AKAP12 was a target of miR‐145‐5p, which significantly induced chemoresistance of PCa cells to DTX. Besides, it was proved that MALAT1 promoted tumour cell proliferation and enhanced DTX‐chemoresistance in vivo. There was an lncRNA MALAT1/miR‐145‐5p/AKAP12 axis involved in DTX resistance of PCa cells and provided a new thought for PCa therapy.
Photoexposed skin, skin ageing, Bateman's purpura and local vitamin C deficiency
Authors: Humbert P. , Louvrier L.
Published: April 2018

Linked article: This article is commented on by N. Kluger, p. e383 in this issue. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/jdv.14982
The impact of psoriasis on professional life: PsoPRO, a French national survey
Authors: Claudepierre P. , Lahfa M. , Levy P. , Barnetche T. , Bonnet I. , Aubert R. , Roquelaure Y.
Published: April 2018

Background

The physical, social and mental burden of psoriasis is well known, but its occupational impact has been less investigated.

Objective

To assess the impact of psoriasis on the working life of patients compared with the general population.

Methods

A national survey compared people with and without psoriasis using online questionnaires. In addition to the demographic, medical and professional characteristics, data on recent absenteeism and presenteeism were captured using the validated WPAI‐PSO questionnaire.

Results

The patient sample comprised 714 with psoriasis (PsO), including 81 treated with systemic therapies (PsoST), and 84 with associated psoriatic arthritis (PsO + PsA). The control sample comprised 604 active subjects representative of the French population. Compared to controls, the impact of the disease on working life was no greater in PsO patients. Conversely, unemployment within the past 5 years and mean number of sick leaves within the previous year were more frequent in PsO + PsA. In patients with active psoriasis skin lesions, all aspects of the WPAI questionnaire were negatively impacted in PsoST and PsO + PsA patients, but not in PsO patients: Levels of absenteeism were 3.3% in controls, 5.6% in PsO (NS), 8.3% in PsoST (P < 0.05) and 13.0% in Ps0 + PsA (P < 0.05); impairment in presenteeism reached 27.0%, 21.2% (NS), 43.5% (P < 0.05) and 53.2% (P < 0.05), respectively, while overall work impairment was 27.9%, 22.2% (NS), 46.3% (P < 0.05) and 57.6% (P < 0.05), respectively. Nevertheless, a higher proportion of PsoST and PsO + PsA patients reported that work was more important than any other activity in their life.

Conclusion

The occupational impact of psoriasis is important and significant in patients who receive systemic therapy or have concurrent PsA but minimal or absent in other psoriasis patients. The findings show that psoriasis patients have a high level of motivation to work.
Study on 3D printing of orange concentrate and material characteristics
Authors: Azam S. M. Roknul , Zhang Min , Mujumdar Arun S. , Yang Chaohui
Published: April 2018

Three‐dimensional (3D) food printing is a promising technology that attracted the attention of both academia and industry since it is considered as a major paradigm shift in the fabrication of intricate and personalized food design with the choices of altering the nutritional profile. In this study, 3D printing (3DP) properties of orange leather (OL) were characterized and simultaneously comparative assessment was carried out while making it from orange concentrate (OC) by adding varying proportions (15, 20, 25, and 30%) of wheat starch (WS). Rheological data suggest that steam cooking of OC–WS mixture for 16 ± 0.5 min exhibit shear‐thinning behavior, which is essential for extrusion‐type 3DP of food mixtures. A variation of 5% WS with OC significantly increase the yield stress (τ0) and viscosity (n). Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study revealed that the maximum amount of partially immobilized water was converted to bound water and developed the highest mechanical strength but poor extrudability for 30% WS containing sample. Texture profile analysis suggests that the 20% WS containing samples provide the best mastication properties among the four samples. To optimize the printing conditions and test the reproducibility of OL 3DP process effects of nozzle diameter (dn), nozzle tip‐print bed height (hc), extrusion rate (vd), and nozzle moving speed (vn) were tested experimentally. It was found that, at dn = 1.5 mm, hc = 1.54 ± 0.02 mm, vd = 245 mm3/s, and vn = 35 mm/s the printed objects remain consistent, achieve the best resolution and maximum fidelity.

Practical applications

The 3D food printing process has a great potential to improve the quality and utility of the food and food products. The 3DP of fruit concentrates combined with healthy additives, bioactive compounds could be a novel attractive way for fabricating food to serve people with special requirements, as a snack item or cold dish before main meal. This study suggests that, food mixtures with similar rheological, moisture, and textural properties at similar printing conditions could be used as supply material, that is, the “ink” for an extrusion‐type 3D food printer.
Detection of toxin genes and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA typing of Bacillus cereus isolates from infant milk formulas
Authors: Lepsanovic Zorica , Djordjevic Vesna , Lakicevic Brankica , Savic Dejana , Velebit Branko , Josic Dragana , Karabasil Nedjeljko
Published: April 2018

Bacillus cereus, a ubiquitous human foodborne pathogen, can persist in different environment, including dry conditions. In this study, we explored the genetic diversity of B. cereus isolates from infant milk formulas. Out of 83 samples, B. cereus was confirmed in 26 (31.3%). Isolates were resistant to penicillin G and ampicillin (100%), trimethoprim‐sulfamethoxazole (84.6%), and erythromycin (3.8%). Ent, hbl, and cer genes were detected in 21 (80.8%), 2 (7.7%), and 11 (42.3%) isolates, respectively. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, using set of three primers, provided an overall genetic distance of 95% between B. cereus isolates. A group of seven emetic strains and another two enterotoxic strains were indistinguishable by RAPD, revealing their high clonality. In conclusion, we detected a high proportion of pathogenic B. cereus isolates in infant milk formulas. The majority of isolates harboring both cer and ent genes showed high clonality, pointing food processing environment as probable contamination source.

Practical applications

Detection of Bacillus cereus in powdered infant milk formulas, the prevalence of emetic and diarrhegenic genes, and especially the simultaneous presence of both types of genes in the same isolate, confirm the importance of B. cereus as foodborne pathogen. The consumption of contaminated formula may cause serious health problems in babies, which emphasizes the need to improve B. cereus monitoring and characterization. The clonal relationship between strains, revealed by RAPD analysis, may point to the source of infection and the corresponding prevention measures to improve food safety. Moreover, the identical RAPD profile of cer positive strains obtained with AG15 primer enables the application of this analysis in screening for emetic B. cereus isolates.
Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2‐binding protein and type 4 collagen 7S: useful markers for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Ogawa Yuji , Honda Yasushi , Kessoku Takaomi , Tomeno Wataru , Imajo Kento , Yoneda Masato , Kawanaka Miwa , Kirikoshi Hiroyuki , Ono Masafumi , Taguri Masataka , Saito Satoru , Yamanaka Takeharu , Wada Koichiro , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: April 2018

Background and Aim

The fibrosis stage of liver is associated with the long‐term outcomes in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, significant fibrosis, defined as fibrosis stages 2–4, is associated with an elevated risk of progression to severe liver disease; there have been scant reports about diagnosing significant fibrosis. We compare the noninvasive method and aim to identify appropriate liver fibrosis markers for detecting significant fibrosis in NAFLD patients.

Methods

We compared the usefulness of liver fibrosis markers (Wisteria floribunda agglutinin‐positive Mac‐2‐binding protein [WFA+‐M2BP], type 4 collagen 7S, etc.), clinical scoring systems, and liver stiffness measurement obtained using vibration‐controlled transient elastography and magnetic resonance imaging‐based magnetic resonance elastography in the same individuals and identified the most appropriate noninvasive method for detecting significant fibrosis in 165 patients with liver biopsy‐diagnosed NAFLD.

Results

The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve based on the serum cutoff index values of WFA+‐M2BP/the serum levels of type IV collagen 7S for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis was 0.832 (95% confidence interval: 0.771–0.894)/0.837 (95% confidence interval: 0.778–0.898). “WFA+‐M2BP (cutoff index) ≥ 0.83 or type IV collagen 7S ≥ 5.2 ng/mL” showed a high sensitivity (91.4%) and negative predictive value (87.9%) for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis.

Conclusions

We showed that serum WFA+‐M2BP or type IV collagen 7S levels serve as useful independent markers for detecting significant fibrosis and that use of both WFA+‐M2BP and type IV collagen 7S together increased the sensitivity and negative predictive value for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis. These results need to be validated in larger populations from multiple clinical centers.
The anatomy and physiology of the terminal thoracic duct and ostial valve in health and disease: potential implications for intervention
Authors: Ratnayake Chathura Bathiya Bandara , Escott Alistair Brian James , Phillips Anthony Ronald John , Windsor John Albert
Published: April 2018

The thoracic duct (TD) transports lymph drained from the body to the venous system in the neck via the lymphovenous junction. There has been increased interest in the TD lymph (including gut lymph) because of its putative role in the promotion of systemic inflammation and organ dysfunction during acute and critical illness. Minimally invasive TD cannulation has recently been described as a potential method to access TD lymph for investigation. However, marked anatomical variability exists in the terminal segment and the physiology regarding the ostial valve and terminal TD is poorly understood. A systematic review was conducted using three databases from 1909 until May 2017. Human and animal studies were included and data from surgical, radiological and cadaveric studies were retrieved. Sixty‐three articles from the last 108 years were included in the analysis. The terminal TD exists as a single duct in its terminal course in 72% of cases and 13% have multiple terminations: double (8.5%), triple (1.8%) and quadruple (2.2%). The ostial valve functions to regulate flow in relation to the respiratory cycle. The patency of this valve found at the lymphovenous junction opening, is determined by venous wall tension. During inspiration, central venous pressure (CVP) falls and the valve cusps collapse to allow antegrade flow of lymph into the vein. During early expiration when CVP and venous wall tension rises, the ostial valve leaflets cover the opening of the lymphovenous junction preventing antegrade lymph flow. During chronic disease states associated with an elevated mean CVP (e.g. in heart failure or cirrhosis), there is a limitation of flow across the lymphovenous junction. Although lymph production is increased in both heart failure and cirrhosis, TD lymph outflow across the lymphovenous junction is unable to compensate for this increase. In conclusion the terminal TD shows marked anatomical variability and TD lymph flow is controlled at the ostial valve, which responds to changes in CVP. This information is relevant to techniques for cannulating the TD, with the aid of minimally invasive methods and high resolution ultrasonography, to enable longitudinal physiology and lymph composition studies in awake patients with both acute and chronic disease.
Use of cosmetic products for treating certain diseases—Know the science
Authors: Aruna V , Amruthavalli G V , Gayathri R
Published: April 2018

Background

Psoriasis being an incurable disease, the drug dependency of the patient in most occasions causes greater health problem than psoriasis. Wherever there is flare‐up, immunosuppressive drugs and other antimitotic medicaments are necessary. Therefore, a safe cosmetic preparation with drug‐like effect on certain triggering factors of psoriasis may revolutionize the treatment.

Objectives

Objectives of this study were to determine the effect of the developed formulation on several key enzymes such as lipoxygenase, collagenase, elastase, and nullifying the free radicals and glycation. All these enzymes have cascading effect in triggering the problem to inflammatory level.

Methods

Biochemical and enzymatic assay was performed to determine the effect of the cosmetic formulation and its effective dosage.

Result

The findings clearly show that the formulation is effective against all the key triggering factors of psoriasis.

Conclusion

Findings undoubtedly establish the drug‐like effect of nondrug formulation (cosmetic formulation). The use of this formulation may minimize the relative dependency of many steroids and other medicament. As the formulation contains only proven cosmetic ingredients and herbs, long‐term use is unlikely to produce any side effects.
Psycho‐cognitive predictors of burnout in healthcare professionals working in emergency departments
Authors: Masiero Marianna , Cutica Ilaria , Russo Selena , Mazzocco Ketti , Pravettoni Gabriella
Published: April 2018

Background

Healthcare professionals working in emergency departments commonly experience high work pressure and stress due to witnessing human suffering and the unpredictable nature of the work. Several studies have identified variables that affect burnout syndrome, but poor data are available about the predictors of the different dimensions of burnout (depersonalisation, emotional exhaustion, professional inefficacy and disillusionment). Some research has suggested that alexithymia, coping style and decision‐making style may predict burnout.

Design

We conducted a noninterventional study to investigate whether and how alexithymia, coping style and decision‐making style are associated with the different dimensions of burnout.

Methods

We recruited a convenience sample of 93 healthcare professionals working in an Italian emergency departments. Participants completed a questionnaire assessing their level of burnout (the Link Burnout Questionnaire), and possible burnout predictors: decision‐making style, alexithymia and the coping style. Four bivariate linear regressions were performed to define the predictors that characterised the dimensions of burnout.

Results

We found that an avoidant decision‐making style and a difficulty to identify and describe feelings (a difficulty close to alexithymia even though not as severe) are strong predictors of some burnout dimensions. Individuals who experience relational depersonalisation are more likely to turn to religion as a way to cope.

Conclusions

Our research shows that, to some extent, difficulties in emotion regulation and the attitude to avoid or postpone decisions characterised burnout.

Relevance to clinical practice

These results might be used to develop tailored psycho‐educational interventions. This might help healthcare professionals to develop personal skills to cope with the critical conditions that characterise their work and to enable them to recognise potential risk factors that favour burnout. This has pivotal implications for the maintenance of the patient–healthcare professional relationship and in reducing clinical errors.
Missed nursing care and its relationship with confidence in delegation among hospital nurses
Authors: Saqer Tahani J , AbuAlRub Raeda F
Published: April 2018

Aims and Objectives

To (i) identify the types and reasons for missed nursing care among Jordanian hospital nurses; (ii) identify predictors of missed nursing care based on study variables; and (iii) examine the relationship between nurses’ confidence in delegation and missed nursing care.

Background

Missed nursing care is a global concern for nurses and nurse administrators. Investigating the relation between the confidence in delegation and missed nursing care might help in designing strategies that enable nurses to minimise missed care and enhance quality of services.

Methods

A correlational research design was used for this study. A convenience sample of 362 hospital nurses completed the missed nursing care survey, and confidence and intent to delegate scale.

Results

The results of the study revealed that ambulating and feeding patients on time, doing mouth care and attending interdisciplinary care conferences were the most frequent types of missed care. The mean score for missed nursing care was (2.78) on a scale from 1–5. The most prevalent reasons for missed care were “labour resources, followed by material resources, and then communication”. Around 45% of the variation in the perceived level of “missed nursing care” was explained by background variables and perceived reasons for missed nursing. However, the relationship between confidence in delegation and missed care was insignificant.

Conclusion

The results of this study add to the body of international literature on most prevalent types and reasons for missed nursing care in a different cultural context.

Relevance to clinical practice

Highlighting most prevalent reasons for missed nursing care could help nurse administrators in designing responsive strategies to eliminate or reduces such reasons.
The centrality of the nurse–patient relationship: A Scandinavian perspective
Authors: Uhrenfeldt Lisbeth , Sørensen Erik Elgaard , Bahnsen Iben Bøgh , Pedersen Preben Ulrich
Published: April 2018

Aims and objectives

To address aspects of importance in the nurse–patient relationship, as conceptualised within the Scandinavian healthcare context.

Background

An experiment in Beth Israel Hospital uncovered a set of core values (ontology) that were wiped away by stronger forces. Despite this, some of the ideas impacted the development of nursing thought and values in the Scandinavian countries, partly because they connected with deeper social values and also because investment was being put into explicitly identifying and understanding the core elements of nursing (ontology) and how to provide evidence that they found were important (epistemology). From that beginning and through the work of key thought leaders, Scandinavian nursing is ready to embark on a new phase, which could be helped by the Fundamentals of Care framework.

Design

This discursive position study offers insights from a public healthcare setting, influenced by values such as equal rights to equal care and/or cure. This study presents two complementing perspectives: an ontological and an epistemological, on establishing caring relationships.

Conclusion

There are different pathways to follow in building person‐oriented care; however, the nursing approach is both ontologically and epistemologically grounded and based on dialogue.

Relevance to clinical practice

Patients meet different nurses, the meeting may be short and, routine actions may be on the agenda. However, nurses must engage with patients’ experiences and knowledge, in order to add to patients’ present and future well‐being with their person‐oriented care.
Understanding regime divergence in the post‐uprising Arab states
Authors: Hinnebusch Raymond
Published: April 2018

Despite the fact that democracy was a main demand of the protestors who spearheaded the Arab uprisings, five years later only Tunisia qualifies as democratic while elsewhere the outcomes have been either authoritarian restoration or failing states. This paper seeks to understand these three divergent trajectories in the post‐uprising Arab states, with Tunisia, Egypt and Syria taken as representative of each.
Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin-containing hydrogel enhances skin formononetin permeation/retention
Authors: Dias Paula Hollweg , Scopel Marina , Martiny Simony , Bianchi Sara Elis , Bassani Valquiria Linck , Zuanazzi José Angelo Silveira
Published: April 2018

Objectives

This study was aimed to investigate the in vitro permeation potential of hydrogel formulations containing the isoflavones formononetin and biochanin A and cyclodextrins in different combinations.

Methods

The permeation assay was performed using porcine skin discs on Franz diffusion cells model. The isoflavone contents of the formulations were quantified in the different layers of the skin using a validated HPLC-PDA method.

Key findings

The isoflavones individually incorporated into the formulations showed high permeation potential, especially formononetin, after the incorporation of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin that enhanced its permeation in the epidermis and dermis. Biochanin A showed 2.7 times of permeation capacity in the epidermis and dermis mainly after incorporation of cyclodextrins in the formulations. Formononetin showed reduction in its permeation when incorporated in the formulations together to biochanin A, showing the absence of synergism.

Conclusions

Our results indicated a noticeable skin permeation promoting effect of HPβCD in formononetin formulation. Furthermore, formononetin and biochanin A can permeate the skin being mostly retained in the epidermis and dermis, revealing its potential use in cosmetic preparations intended to prevent skin aging.
Effects of lidocaine and the inclusion complex with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on cell viability and proliferation of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ferreira Luiz E N , Antunes Gabriela B M , Muniz Bruno V , Burga-Sánchez Jonny , de Melo Nathalie F S , Groppo Francisco C , Fraceto Leonardo F , Volpato Maria C
Published: April 2018

Objectives

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a malignant disease that affects the oral cavity. Lidocaine has shown antiproliferative and cytotoxic activity on several cell types. The rapid dispersion is a limitation issue; however, the complexation in cyclodextrin improved pharmacological features and modified the drug release. This study investigated the effects of lidocaine (lido) complexed with 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD-lido) on cell viability and proliferation of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC9 and SCC25.

Methods

The complex formation was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cells SCC9 and SCC25 were exposed to lido and HP-β-CD-lido (40–4000 μm), and the effects on cell viability (MTT) and antiproliferative activity (SRB) were tested.

Key findings

Differential scanning calorimetry and SEM results demonstrated the occurrence of host–guest interaction. Lido and HP-β-CD-lido (4000 μm) significantly reduced the viability of SCC9 cells to 83% and 63%, respectively. The viability of SCC25 treated with lido, and HP-β-CD-lido (4000 μm) was 71% and 44%, respectively. Lido (4000 μm) reduced the proliferation of SCC9 and SCC25 to 39.5% and 23.7%, respectively. HP-β-CD-lido (4000 μm) was cytotoxic for both cell lines.

Conclusions

HP-β-CD was able to potentiate the in vitro cytotoxic effects of lidocaine on human squamous cell carcinoma.