bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Institutional Monopoly of the Higher Education System: National and Regional Level
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Sudakova A. E. , Sandler D. G. ,   Ural Federal University
Published: December 2022

In the context of competition for resources, the higher education is characterised by the monopolisation of the system. The present study addresses the question of the applicability of the term monopolisation to the education system as a socially significant sector. The concept of institutional monopoly is understood as the establishment of control not by a specific university or a group of universities, but by their founder acting in the interests of the state. The article reveals specific features of institutional monopoly. Using the proposed methodological tools, the study examines resource allocation and the manifestation of elements of institutional monopoly in the higher education system. The calculations were conducted for universities subordinate to the Ministry of Education and Science and the Government of the Russian Federation. Thus, two principles of financing the higher education system of the Russian Federation can be distinguished: equalising principle (investing in the public good in order to preserve regional universities and reduce the outflow of youth) and differentiating principle (increasing the qualitative and positional characteristics of the best performing universities). In some areas, the system has signs of oligopoly. For example, 4 universities occupy 43 % of the market in terms of the concentration of talented students, and the calculated Lind index showed that only 3 universities are the main market players. However, with regard to financial resources, the higher education system of the Russian Federation can be described as low-concentrated. Thus, elements of institutional monopoly are present in the Russian higher education system. Simultaneously, there are two types of universities receiving resources: (1) leaders capable of creating and maintaining productive organisations (rent contributes to the formation of positional characteristics of universities); (2) less competitive universities playing an important role in preserving regional human capital by reducing the outflow of youth due to educational migration (rent is an investment in education as a public good).
Increasing the Volume of Agro-Industrial Production to Ensure Food Security and Increase the Export Potential of the Russian Agricultural Sector
Authors:   Federal Research Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas – All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Ushachev I. G. , Maslova V. V. ,   Federal Research Center of Agrarian Economy and Social Development of Rural Areas – All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Kolesnikov A.V. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

Currently, the Russian agricultural sector aims to simultaneously achieve two priority goals: to ensure import substitution (or the country’s food security, taking into account rational consumption standards) and to increase exports of agricultural products and food. In this regard, the present study develops proposals for improving agricultural policy and linking these two tasks. The study analysed existing normative legal documents in the field of agricultural policy management and agricultural exports development, relevant foreign experience, as well as Russian and international statistics. It was revealed that an increase in agricultural food production and in the mass of commodities led to export growth. As a result, the negative balance of foreign trade in food decreased, and Russia became a net exporter in 2020-2021. The structure of agri-food exports was examined in order to identify the export potential. Approximately 1/3 of exported goods belong to the group of low-processed products, while only 15 % are highly processed products, which are characterised by a significant negative balance. Competitiveness of products, which plays the most important role in increasing exports, requires the development and implementation of domestic advanced scientific and technological solutions. According to the competitiveness assessment, Russia is a competitive supplier of a wide range of agri-food products, since the prices offered by Russian farmers and exporters are lower or comparable to the prices of major global exporters. Since export growth depends on an increase in agricultural food production, production growth opportunities were considered. The analysis of the consumer purchasing power and food consumption demonstrated their significant differentiation, both by decile groups and by place of residence. The presented findings can be used to improve agricultural policy and adjust state support for the agricultural industry aimed at its effective development.
Gas Crisis in the European Commodity Market: Roots and Opportunities to Overcome
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Chernova E. G. , Razmanova S. V. ,   Branch Office of Gazprom VNIIGAZ LLC in Ukhta
Published: December 2022

Since the beginning of 2021, world energy prices have been rapidly increasing, reaching such a high level that entire industries, small and medium-sized enterprises became uncompetitive, while retail electricity consumers became insolvent. The European Union energy policy, now focused on the development of alternative energy sources, contributed to a decline in profitability of fossil fuel used for electricity generation. The present paper examines the roots of the current economic crisis in the European market and opportunities to overcome it. To this end, the following objectives were set: to assess existing and alternative gas supply to the European market, to consider the link between existing gas contracts and spot prices. According to the conducted analysis, the lack of new liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities due to a decrease in investment in the context of energy price reduction and the COVID-19 spread is the main constraint to the expansion of alternative gas supply to Europe in the medium term (2022–2030). The study revealed that a sharp transition of industries and households to the use of renewable energy sources has become one of the reasons for current crisis. Electricity generation from renewables nowadays cannot catch up with the demand for energy that can be produced by coal, gas and nuclear power plants. Further research directions include assessment of the probability of a transition from the seller’s market to the buyer’s market.
Assessment of Energy Supply to the Yamal Peninsula Based on Fuzzy Multicriteria Analysis
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, Petrov M. B. , Serkov L. A. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS, Kozhov K. B. ,   Institute of Economics of the Ural Branch of RAS
Published: December 2022

Provision of useful energy is the most important condition for realising the potential of underdeveloped regions. For new development areas, including the Yamal Peninsula, there are various energy alternatives. Based on well-known basic approaches, the article presents a procedure for formalising the analysis of alternatives mostly using qualitative initial data. At the pre-project stage, only limited and fuzzy information (predominantly in the form of expert opinions) is accessible. To achieve the set goal, six criteria for export assessment were selected and further processed using fuzzy multicriteria decision-making models based on fuzzy multicriteria analysis of alternatives in order to formalise logical reasoning with vague or imprecise statements. Due to insufficient measurements for constructing fuzzy sets, linguistic estimates of intuitive or logical pairwise comparisons were formalised using the Bellman–Zadeh model, the Saaty scale and the construction of membership functions. The fuzzy set was obtained by finding the eigenvector and the largest eigenvalue for the pairwise comparison matrix. Implementation of the maximin criterion along with the concession matrix allowed us to distinguish between alternatives when obtaining the same or similar estimates. As a result, the study showed the priority of diversification of primary energy source to provide useful energy to consumers in Yamal. According to the model, the most preferable source is atomic energy. In second place are gas turbine technologies, which are significantly ahead of wind energy sources. Diesel generators are considered the least favourable. Thus, the results of fuzzy modelling correspond with the explanatory factors of choice. The fuzzy set method with the transformation of linguistic estimates into quantitative ones can also be included in the apparatus of multicriteria selection with respect to combined options. The research findings can be used to prepare comprehensive strategies and schemes for location of industries and the energy infrastructure in remote Arctic territories.
Analysis of the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stock Exchange Indices in Italy
Authors:   Azerbaijan State University of Economics, Akbulaev N. N. , Ahmadov F. S. ,   Azerbaijan State University of Economics, Mammadova M. R. ,   Azerbaijan State University of Economics
Published: December 2022

The present paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the prices of the Italian stock exchange indices. During the pandemic, the global economy as well as financial markets suffered due to isolation and social distancing. Paired models of the dependence of the key indices of the Italian stock exchange on the number of patients, recovered and died were analysed using the least squares method. Further, various tests were performed to verify the feasibility of the Gauss-Markov conditions by applying Gretl tools: White Test for heteroskedasticity of residues, Durbin-Watson test for autocorrelation of residuals and normality of distribution of residuals. Statistically significant regression models were constructed that characterise the impact of morbidity and mortality in the Italian population during the COVID-19 pandemic on the price of 11 key stock exchange indices. Based on this, the study examined the COVID-19 pandemic period in the spring of 2020 in Italy, the results of which revealed a loss in stock returns and high volatility in stock returns during this period compared to the normal study period. The econometric model shows that COVID-19 had a negative impact on stock returns and a number of other stock market indicators in Italy. It was revealed that the number of deaths from coronavirus is statistically significantly interconnected with all key stock exchange indices.
Improving the Ranking of Russian Smart Cities
Authors:   South Ural State University, Lyaskovskaya E. A. , Khudyakova T. A. ,   South Ural State University, Shmidt A. V. ,   South Ural State University
Published: December 2022

Digitalisation and urbanisation have led to smart city becoming a key element of the concept of sustainable development, acting as an object of sustainable development management. Thus, a smart city must become a sustainable smart city. The first step is the creation of the system of current state diagnostics or smart city ranking. This ranking should consider international standards, the specificity of Russian urban development, as well as various components of sustainable development. It is hypothesised that the ranking methodology reflecting these components can be used to analyse the dynamics of sustainable development based on the chosen criteria and factors. To assess social, environmental, economic and management components of cities with a population of more than 100,000 people, the proposed tech-nique relies on the theory of multiple comparisons and the distance method. The comprehensive assessment of smart cities includes 71 indicators grouped into 8 criteria: people, social cohesion, economy, management, ecology and the environment, transport, urban planning, technology. The study analysed Russian and international statistical databases, as well as data from industry agencies. The ranking of 171 cities was developed; regional features of Russian smart cities were identified using the selected criteria. The cit-ies of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Balashikha, Krasnodar and Kazan are at the top of the ranking. The leadership of the Central Federal District and a significant differentiation by the criteria “urban planning” and “technology” are the key regional features. Annual comprehensive assessment can be used to track the dynamics of the development of smart cities, evaluate the effectiveness of decision-making and implementation, plan urban development based on federal and regional digitalisation projects, as well as create strategies to enhance the sustainability of Russian smart cities.
Approach to Assessing the Digital Economy Development Based on Clustering of Russian Regions
Authors:   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Afanasieva T. V. , Kazanbieva A. Kh. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: December 2022

The present article proposes and tests a new approach to the assessment of the digital economy development in order to obtain evaluative knowledge (qualitative assessments) from quantitative indicators of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The distinctive features of the proposed approach are the integration of cluster analysis and qualitative assessment, as well as the use of elements of the fuzzy set theory for modelling evaluative knowledge and presenting it in linguistic form at three levels of interpretation. Three methods (K-means, BIRCH, DBSCAN), differing in terms of grouping principles, were applied to improve the quality of clustering. The most suitable method for clustering the constituent entities of the Russian Federation was automatically selected based on a proven quality metric. The developed automated methodology for qualitative assessment of digital economy was tested on 15 indicators observed over 9 years, presented on the website of the Federal State Statistics Service for 83 regions of the Russian Federation. The study identified six clusters, for which three classes of qualitative assessments were determined, characterising the problems of digital economy development by indicators, their groups and year based on the aggregation of linguistic assessments. Thus, the level of the indicator (Low, Medium, High), as well as belonging to the problem according to the group of indicators (Problem/No problem) and according to all indicators (Developed/Developing) were estimated for each region in the clusters. Analysis of qualitative estimates obtained from various regional numerical indicators showed that the most «problematic» in 2010 and in 2018 was the group of indicators «Science and Innovation». Additionally, the group of indicators «Economic Efficiency» demonstrated a negative trend in the period 2010-2018, while a positive trend was observed in the group of indicators «Information Society» and «Labour Market».
Security of IoT Applications in Health Care
Authors:   Perm State Univesity, Potorochina Кseniya L. , Nikitina Elena Yu. ,   Perm State Univesity
Published: December 2022

The trends in global healthcare IoT applications and the associated challenges in securing such devices are examined. An analysis is made of typical IoT-systems and the distribution of the most rele-vant threats to the main IoT layers. Based on this analysis and the specifics of the application area, a list of recommendations for creating a secure IoT-system for healthcare is proposed.
LOOTING OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN BASHKIRIA: RESULTS OF THE ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL NETWORKS
Authors:   R.G.  Kuzeev  Institute  for  Ethnological  Studies,  Ufa  Federal  Research  Centre  of  the  Russian  Academy  of  Sciences, Tuzbekov A. I.
Published: December 2022

In the last decade in Russia, the activities of looters of archaeologıcal sıtes have become more and more widespread. Every year, from early spring to late autumn, looters equipped with powerful metal detectors and other devices search for new artifacts damaging the cultural layer of archaeological monuments. Recently, due to the lack of written sources about the stages in the history of their development, some regions of the country have faced the problem that later developed into a key one. One of these regions is the Republic of Bashkortostan. The author's analysis of various sources revealed that the system of protection and preservation of archaeological sites in Russia is ineffective in countering looters, and is mainly aimed at combating negligent housing developers. In a wide information space, there are no analytical materials and scientific works that objectively reflect such illegal activities. In most works, only the damage done by the “treasure hunters” is stated. According to the author, one of the most accessible sources for researching the activities and subculture of looters are online communities in social networks. The study identified three groups of “black diggers” in the social network “VKontakte”. Using various software programs and scientific methods, subscribers and content were examined. Based on the results, the author concludes that the activities of looters are actively encouraged in social networks. In such groups, there are discussions on the findings obtained as a result of the illegal search for a “treasure”, effective methods and ways of avoiding responsibility, as well group coordination and arrangement of conventions.
“EDUCATION BY THE CITY”: URBAN IMAGINATION IN SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS OF THE 1920s
Authors:   Poletayev Institute for Theoretical and Historical Studies in the Humanities, National Research University “Higher School of Economics”,, Stepanov B. E.
Published: December 2022

The first post-revolutionary decades became one of the key periods in terms of the formation of the urban imagination and urban culture. The article attempts to outline the possibilities of studying this process through the prism of school textbooks. To accomplish this task, the author turns to the reconstruction of the reform that unfolded during this period, which determined the directions and framework for the formation of the corpus of educational and methodological literature in general and the appeal to urban topics in the practice of education. The analysis of localization, complex teaching and active learning methods embodied in the practice of the labour school (trudovaya shkola), and the contribution of schools to the formation of the local history movement which flourished in the 1920s, becomes an important focus. In this context, the question arises about the role of the textbook in the educational process, on the one hand, and about the impulses for the emergence of urban issues, on the other. With this in mind, the author refers to the characteristics of the body of textbooks that were focused on the development of the theme of the city. In the final part of the articl, a comparative analysis is given of two primary schools workbooks, “On Our Own” (Svoimi silami) (1925–927) and “Our City” (Nash gorod) (1928–1930), which were the most ambitious attempts to represent the city in the educational text. This analysis reveals various approaches to the development of real and imaginary exploration of the city within the framework of the school curriculum, aimed at adapting students to the urban environment and active inclusion in urban life.
“LIFE” VS “IZVESTIA”: AMERICAN-SOVIET DISCUSSION OF THE 1958 USSR SUPREME SOVIET ELECTIONS
Authors:   Tyumen State University, Fokin A. A. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Sharafutdinova O.I. ,   Tyumen State University
Published: December 2022

The article discusses an attempt to use the elections to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR as a tool to promote the political advantage of socialism. The turn of the 1950s and 1960s was marked by a desire to build a dialogue between East and West. The USSR demonstrated its openness and willingness to compete with the West not only with tanks, planes and missiles, but also on a symbolic field. One such aspect of the competition, which was supposed to prove the superiority of socialism, was the Soviet elections. Soviet propaganda actively emphasized that genuine democracy existed only in the USSR. At the same time, the Soviet leadership did not at all seek to hide the features of Soviet elections (such as almost 100% turnout and no alternative elections), but rather tried to show the progressive nature of the Soviet electoral system. The articles by American journalist Hedley Donovan in the “Life” magazine and by Soviet journalist Vladimir Kudryavtsev in the “Izvestia” newspaper, which show the perception of the principles of democracy by representatives of different systems, serve as material in the paper. They show that for an American, having one candidate on the ballot overrode all the advantages of the Soviet elections, while for the Soviet side, it was an important sign of democracy. The desire to use Soviet reality as a basis for propaganda, and disappointment in the outcome of the exchange show that for the Soviet side, the election campaign for the USSR Supreme Soviet was seen not only as a political spectacle, but rather as a real manifestation of the Soviet understanding of democracy. The Soviet leadership adopted the idea of the need to lift the iron curtain, and then the very reality of the Soviet system would be the best argument to confirm the advantages of socialism. The article analyzes the political language of the description of the Soviet electoral system and the problems of modern studies of this issue.
BRITISH FUEL AND ENERGY INDUSTRY DURING THE 1967 AND 1973–1974 OIL CRISES
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Technical University, Shishikin V. G.
Published: December 2022

The article examines the development of three key components of the UK fuel and energy industry during the 1967 and 1973–1974 oil crises. The object of research was studied in the context of European energy policy, which in the 1960s–1970s was codified in a form of directives and was practically implemented by creating fuel reserves in case of a decrease in fuel supplies from the Middle East. The article focuses on the special place the UK held in the EEC, and specific policy that the country maintained to develop the national fuel and energy industry. All this is because the UK had an elaborate management system within the industry, possessed significant amount of energy resources and owned prospective fuel fields in the North Sea, discovered in the mid-1960s. During the researched period, the UK government implemented measures targeted at the reduction of the national coal mining industry, which failed to meet economic needs of the country. At the same time, the UK started the development of oil and gas fields in the North Sea, which gained momentum after the 1967 and 1973–1974 oil crises were over. The management structures of gas and coal industries served as an interface of the national energy industry. This enabled the government to consistently substitute coal with natural gas, while still allowing it to play a significant role in the economy. Oil exploration and production companies with a high degree of autonomy adopted an independent policy while working on domestic and foreign markets. However, they suffered the most during the 1973–1974 crisis, which led to a partial loss of the national fuel market, an increase in prices on resources, and a strain in their relations with the government. In conclusion, the author states that the developed fuel and energy industry, fuel fields’ exploitation and validated management techniques allowed the UK to smooth out the effects of the 1967 and 1973–1974 crises and continue the modernization of the national fuel industry in the years to come.
«A RED PHILOLOGIST REPORTED THAT HE SOLVED THE RIDDLE OF CENTRAL AMERICAN HIEROGLYPHICS»: DECIPHERMENT OF MAYA HIEROGLYPHIC WRITING BY YURI KNOROZOV IN THE CONTEXT OF SOVIET PUBLIC SCIENCE DIPLOMACY OF THE 1950s
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Beliaev D. D. ,   Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2022

The paper focuses on how the decipherment of Maya writing by Yuri Knorozov was promoted in the context of Soviet science diplomacy in the 1950s, and the reaction to this discovery in the foreign public sphere. The process of informing about Knorozov’s breakthrough in the study of Maya hieroglyphs began in the summer of 1952 in “Literaturnaya gazeta”, even before the official publication of his article. In response, “The New York Times” published two comments in which the name of the young Russian scholar was mentioned for the first time. Particular interest was expressed in Mexico, where all major newspapers reacted to the news from USSR. This motivated the Soviet embassy to publish an abbreviated Spanish translation of Knorozov’s article in their bulletin in 1953. This publication, in turn, contributed to the spread of information both among a wider audience and among the academic community. After the defense of Knorozov’s dissertation, when he was awarded the degree of Doctor of Sciences (Habilitation), a new promotion campaign started. His report on the decipherment with an English translation was distributed to the participants of the 10th Congress of Historical Sciences in Rome (1955), and later he presented his discoveries at the 32nd International Congress of Americanists in Copenhagen, which caused a wide international responce. Publications in the Soviet public journals such as “Sovietsky Soyuz” (Soviet Union) and “Novoe Vremy a” (The New Times) played a special role. They paid less attention to the ideological confrontation and highlighted the achievements of Soviet historical science. By the end of the 1950s, the decipherment of Maya hieroglyphs became one of the main elements of the positive image of Soviet science.
(RE-)CREATION OF THE RUSSIAN HIGHER THEOLOGICAL SCHOOL IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIPLOMATIC MISSION OF THE MOSCOW PATRIARCHATE IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD
Authors:   Smolensk State University, Kail M. V.
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the mutual influence of the key factor of the “Stalinist turn” in the religious policy of the Soviet government – the vocation of the Moscow Patriarchate to participate in international politics (implementation of a large-scale program of inter-church and church-state contacts in the countries and regions where the influence of the Soviet Union was spread) with the revival of the infrastructure of higher spiritual education in the post-war USSR. Despite its obviousness, this fact, repeatedly mentioned in historiography, has not yet been the object of a special research. At the same time, it is important both for confessional history, especially for the reconstruction of the factors that formed a special model of state-church relations in the post-war USSR, and for the reconstruction of how the Soviet foreign policy line of the Cold War era was forming and what role religious factor played in it. These trends carry a certain universalism and reflect the global trend: in the Soviet foreign policy of the second half of the 1940s, Orthodoxy served as a “façade” for coming to a particular region based on the revival of historical confessional ties. In other cases, the spread of ecclesiastical jurisdiction (the transfer of hierarchs and parishes of one territory or another to the Moscow Patriarchate) acquired the character of a full-fledged springboard for cultural and political consolidation of Soviet presence. During this period, the Church had to overcome the stereotype of the “red church” (dependent on the Soviet government), which was widespread abroad. To do this, church charismatics, bright preachers, negotiators-diplomats were in demand in the international arena. They were to be formed in the institutions of church education due to the almost complete elimination of the church infrastructure in the pre-war USSR.
L’alternance codique dans la littérature égyptienne contemporaine
Authors: MASSOUD SRIDI Iman
Published: December 2022

L’alternance codique qui fait l’objet de la présente intervention désigne l’usage alterné, dans la même phrase, de l’arabe littéral et de l’arabe dialectal avec le français et /ou l’anglais. Il s’agit plus précisément d’une alternance codique plurilingue qui caractérise actuellement les pratiques langagières de la société égyptienne et qui se reflète dans les écrits littéraires. Pour mieux comprendre ce phénomène, il s’avère judicieux de faire un tour d’horizon des langues qui ont jalonné l’histoire de l’Égypte ancienne et contemporaine, dans un premier temps, et ensuite de mettre la lumière sur le caractère diglossique de la langue arabe pour enfin examiner des exemples extraits de « Taxi » (2006) de l’écrivain Khaled Al Khamissi.
The effect of key audit matters on audit report lag and determinants of the audit report lag: Turkish evidence
Authors: SAKIN Turgay , KUZU YILDIRIM Sultan
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışma, Kilit Denetim Konularının Türkiye'deki Denetim Raporu Gecikmesi üzerindeki etkisini ve Denetim Raporu Gecikmesi ile bazı denetçi ve firma özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi analiz etmeyi amaçlamıştır. Bağımlı ve bağımsız t-testleri, ANOVA yöntemi ve Kruskal Wallis Testi uygulanarak hipotezlerin test edilmesinde SPSS 28 programı kullanılmıştır. Denetim raporları aracılığıyla denetçi iletişimini güçlendirmek amacıyla denetim raporuna Kilit Denetim Konuları bölümünün eklenmesi son yıllarda yapılan önemli düzenlemelerden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kilit Denetim Konuları raporlamasının Türk şirketleri üzerindeki etkisini anlamak için BİST 100'de yer alan finansal şirketler dışındaki şirketlerin 2016 ve 2017 mali tablo sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. Bu karşılaştırma, Kilit Denetim Konularının denetim raporlarına dahil edilmesinin denetim raporu gecikmesini etkilemediğini ortaya koydu. Çalışmada, denetim raporu gecikmesinin belirleyicilerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Kilit Denetim Konusu da dahil olmak üzere bazı değişkenler incelenmiştir. Bazı literatürle tutarlı olan sonuçlar, ROA'nın denetim raporu gecikmesi üzerinde önemli bir olumsuz etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Denetim raporu gecikmesi ile büyüklük, denetçi firma ve denetçi cinsiyeti gibi diğer değişkenler arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamadı.
Öğretmenlerin Mesleki Gelişimi Nasıl Olmalı: Uygulamalı Bir Model Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: ELÇİÇEK Zakir , YAŞAR Mehmet
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Türkiye’de öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimlerine yönelik problemlere alternatif çözümler getirecek, sürdürülebilir ve uygulanabilir bir mesleki gelişim modeli geliştirmektir. Tasarım tabanlı araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada tasarım-analiz-yeniden tasarım adımları izlenmiştir. Tasarımın uygulama aşaması 12 öğretmen 3 yöneticiden oluşan kadroya sahip bir okulda 10 haftalık bir süreçte tamamlanmıştır. Nitel araştırma ile desenlenen çalışmada veriler görüşme formu, odak grup görüşmesi ve araştırmacının gözlem notları yoluyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde betimsel ve içerik analizi yöntemlerinden yararlanılmıştır. Öğretmenlerin mesleki gelişimlerinde okul temelli, üniversite destekli, danışmanlı ve sürekli bir yaklaşımı esas alan çalışma, uygulama sonunda önemli ölçüde olumlu sonuçlara ulaşmıştır. Öğretmenler için özellikle motivasyonel anlamda katkı sağlayıcı bu çalışma; okulda, öğretmenlerin ihtiyaçlarına göre belirlenen konularda, öğretim üyeleri tarafından etkileşimli bir ortamda verilen seminerler yönüyle öğretmenlere büyük fayda sağlamıştır. Ayrıca okulda mesleki gelişim danışmanının bulunmasına yönelik de olumlu sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen bulgulardan, öğretmenlere yönelik mesleki gelişim çalışmalarında dikkat edilmesi gereken 12 ilkeye ulaşılmıştır. Bunlar: okul temellilik, süreklilik, uzman desteği ve yönlendirme, ihtiyaç odaklılık, yerelleşme, uygun zaman dilimi, ücretlendirme, ödüllendirme, gönüllülük, teşvik ve güdüleme, planlılık ve akademik (Üniversite) destek ilkeleridir. Bu ilkeler araştırmacılar, politikacılar ve uygulayıcılar için mesleki gelişim çalışmalarını hangi ölçütler çerçevesinde yapabilecekleri konusunda öneriler sunmaktadır.
Örgütsel Yapı, Örgütsel Hafıza ve Örgütsel Değişim İlişkisinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Tuncay Yavuz , KÜÇÜKER Gülşah
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı; örgütlerin engelleyici bürokrasi veya kolaylaştırıcı bürokrasi özelliği gösterme düzeylerinin örgütsel hafıza ve örgütsel değişim ile olan ilişkisini, ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanarak saptamaktır. Araştırmanın evreni 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında Elazığ ilinde ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan öğretmenlerden meydana gelmektedir. Araştırma örneklemini tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 1079 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma verileri Kişisel Bilgi Formu, "Örgütsel Hafıza Ölçeği", "Okul Yapısının Etkililiği Ölçeği" ve "Okulların Değişime Açıklığı Ölçeği" kullanılarak elde edilmiştir. 1033 öğretmenden elde edilen verilere; frekans, minimum değer, maksimum değer, standart sapma ve ortalama hesaplamaları, normallik testi, korelasyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre örgütsel değişim ve örgütsel hafızanın, engelleyici bürokrasideki varyansın %26,9'unu, kolaylaştırıcı bürokrasideki varyansın %56,1'ini açıkladığı saptanmıştır. Çoklu regresyon analizinden elde edilen sonuçlara göre, hem engelleyici bürokrasi değişkeni üzerinde hem de kolaylaştırıcı bürokrasi değişkeni üzerinde en güçlü etkiye sahip değişkenin örgütsel değişim olduğu görülmektedir.
Uzaktan Eğitim Sürecinde Yazma Becerileri: Deneyim ve Sorunlara İlişkin Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Görüşleri
Authors: KARADAĞ YILMAZ Ruhan , KALKAN Süleyman
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, uzaktan eğitim sürecinde yazma becerisine ilişkin sınıf öğretmenlerinin deneyimlerinin ve yaşadıkları sorunların belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma desenlerinden temel nitel araştırma kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya 2021-2022 yılı eğitim-öğretim yılında ilköğretim okullarında görev yapan ve uzaktan eğitim uygulamalarıyla pandemi sürecinde eğitim veren 20 sınıf öğretmeni katılmıştır. Yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yoluyla toplanan araştırma verilerinin analizinde betimsel analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda uzaktan eğitimin alt yapısının yazma becerisine uygun olmadığı, salgın sürecinde uzaktan eğitimde yürütülen yazma etkinliklerinin öğrencilerin yazma becerilerini yeterince geliştirmediği, uzaktan eğitim sürecinde yazma becerisinin geliştirilmesinde genellikle yüz yüze eğitimde kullanılan etkinliklere benzer etkinliklerin gerçekleştirildiği, öğrencilerin yazılı ürünlerine yeterli düzeyde dönüt verilemediği ve öğretmenlerin uzaktan eğitim sistemiyle yazma eğitimini gerçekleştirmek istemedikleri ortaya çıkmıştır.
Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Flört Şiddeti Tutumunun Yordayıcısı Olarak Öz Duyarlık, Öfke İfade Tarzı ve Bazı Demografik Değişkenler
Authors: ŞAHİN BALTACI Hülya , ALTAN Turnel , ÖZKILIÇ Işıl , KARATAŞ Uğur Yiğit
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üniversite öğrencilerinde cinsiyet, flört ilişkisi durumu, öz duyarlık ve öfke ifade tarzının flört şiddeti tutumunun anlamlı yordayıcısı olup olmadığını belirlemektir. Bu amaçla 2019-2020 eğitim öğretim yılında Pamukkale Üniversitesi’ne devam eden 366 öğrenciden veri toplanmıştır. Araştırmada tarama modellerinden ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, öz duyarlık, flört ilişki durumu (daha önce flört ilişkisi olmama) ve cinsiyetin (kadın olma) flört şiddeti tutumunun anlamlı yordayıcıları olduğu görülmüştür. Öfke ifade tarzlarından ‘öfke dışta’ ise flört şiddeti tutumunu anlamlı olarak yordamamıştır. Flört şiddeti tutumunun anlamlı yordayıcılarının önem sırası; kadın olma, öz duyarlık ve daha önce flört ilişkisi olmama şeklindedir. Ulaşılan bulgular sonucunda uygulayıcılara flört şiddeti konusunda koruyucu ve önleyici çalışmalar ile ilgili araştırmacılara gelecekte yapılacak çalışmalara ilişkin öneriler sunulmuştur. Bu önerilerden bazıları; üniversitelerin psikolojik danışma ve rehberlik merkezlerinde flört şiddeti konusunda öğrencilere farkındalık kazandırmayı ve flört şiddetini önlemeyi amaçlayan grup psikoeğitim çalışmalarının yapılması, flört şiddetinin nitel çalışmalarla da incelenmesi şeklindedir.
Традиция как инклюзия. Ресурсы социокультурной интеграции в народной культуре
Authors: Кононенко Ростислав
Published: December 2022

Исследование посвящено инклюзии и ее проявлению в современных контекстах бытования фольклора. В фокусе внимания автора не тольк объединения любителей русского фольклора, но и раскрытие роли элементов традиционной культуры в инклюзии, интеграции или разграничении между группами, восприятие традиционной культуры в контексте современности. Статья показывает ресурсы зарубежного и отечественного опыта обращения к фольклору в целях инклюзии в форматах различных культурных проектов, охватывающих концертную работу, выставки, работу мастерских, веб-сайты, образовательные программы, перформативные жанры, стажировки и фестивали. Несмотря на то, что традиционная культура может запускать механизмы исключения, в ней есть ресурс инклюзивности. Многие формы народного творчества позволяют реализовать потенциал социальной инклюзии и поддерживать активную жизненную позицию людей с инвалидностью и их семей, а также других уязвимых социальных групп. Трудности и возможности поддержания и развития таких форм обсуждаются в статье с опорой на данные интервью с энтузиастами сохранения и бытования традиций. Выявлена созидательная роль представителей социально исключенных групп, а также публичных фольклористов как фасилитаторов и промоутеров таких проектов. Показано, что функции публичной фольклористики, а именно использование знаний о фольклоре для решения проблем в современном обществе начинают реализовываться и в России. Городские любители фольклора продвигают ценности инклюзии в своих сообществах, занимаясь традиционной культурой в городе, приезжают в села и осуществляют культурный обмен, взаимодействуют с сельскими жителями, выступают с фольклорными концертами, проводят фестивали и мастер-­классы. Таким образом происходит интеграция интересов сельских и городских жителей вокруг народной эстетики и ценностей сплочения. При этом, в одних случаях центром взаимодействия становится городская культурная инициатива, а в других – сельские локации, и здесь накапливается новый фольклорный материал, в трансляции которого участвуют и городские акторы. Через призму восприятия традиционной культуры современными фольклористами инклюзия видится возможной, а традиция – полезной для принятия разнообразия и движения к социокультурной интеграции.
Почему дети с инвалидностью не продолжают обучение в системе профессионального образования?
Authors: Аванесян Карен , Астоянц Маргарита , Тарасенко Лариса , Рыжова Виктория , Дикая Людмила , Боровская Марина
Published: December 2022

В статье рассматриваются проблемы вовлеченности детей с инвалиднос­тью в систему профессионального образования. На основе результатов авторского социологического опроса в Ростовской области делаются выводы о специфике профессионально-­образовательной мотивации и потребностях, выявляется и анализируется комплекс социально-­экономических и социально-­психологических проблем, порождающих неравенство в доступе к образовательным ресурсам детей с инвалиднос­тью. В работе анализируются институциональные факторы, способствующие в условиях неравенства экономических, социальных и образовательных возможностей, формированию таких поведенческих стратегий детей с инвалидностью, которые снижают их конкурентоспособность на рынке труда и, таким образом, препятствуют восходящей мобильности данной социальной группы. По результатам множественного регрессионного анализа обнаруживается, что нарушение интеллекта и речи является наиболее весомым фактором среди всех видов ограничений здоровья, снижающих вероятность получения высшего образования. Зафиксирован статистически значимый эффект места проживания, который выражается в том, что школьники с инвалидностью из сельской местности по сравнению с их городскими сверстниками имеют меньше шансов на получение высшего образования. Наиболее значимыми причинами выбора будущей профессии, по которым школьники с инвалидностью стремятся в вузы, оказались не только востребованность профессии на рынке труда и ее доходность, но и факторы, касающиеся личностной мотивации к обучению и достижению (соответствие интересам и увлечениям, возможность саморазвития и самосовершенствования). Делается вывод о необходимости совершенствования социальной политики по внедрению инклюзивного образования и предлагаются варианты решения данной проблемы посредством трансформаций институциального характера и учета таких факторов, как спрос на образование и потребность в приобретении профессиональных навыков, актуальных для рынка труда. В статье проблематизируется необходимость поиска точек соприкосновения всех субъектов профессионального образования детей с инвалидностью (агенты и институты, в числе которых сам ребенок, его семья, работодатели, формальные и неформальные образовательные институты, общественные организации и др.) посредством организации социального партнерства, которое может рассматриваться как метод решения проблемы социально-­профессиональной инклюзии детей с инвалидностью.
Биоэтика и этика концептов вокруг движения за права инвалидов
Authors: Антипов Алексей , Шевченко Сергей
Published: December 2022

В статье дан обзор этики концептов как одного из вариантов пересмотра текущих способов употребления «выразительных средств языка». Этика концептов, и близкое к ней направление концептуального инжиниринга, являются частью амелиоративистских течений, направленных на разработку нормативных установок в экспертных сообществах, а также улучшение социальных структур и взаимодействий. Понятия, используемые для обозначения социальных практик, в частности инвалидности рассматриваются не только как способы именования вещей и событий, а как точки приложения усилий, направленных на улучшение этих практик. В статье этика концептов размежевывается с моральной философией, а термин «этика» используется достаточно широко – для того, чтобы включить в себя и проблемы долженствования, и проблемы оценки действий и последствий. При этом этика концептов оценивает применимость понятий с ценностных позиций. В этой связи некоторые авторы считают ее первым этапом концептуального инжиниринга. Другой его составляющей является концептуальный активизм, цель которого состоит прежде всего во внедрении новых понятий в коммуникативные практики или в постепенном улучшении имеющихся понятий. На примере изменений концепта «инвалидность» (disability) демонстрируются различия между этикой концептов и концептуальным активизмом. Показано, что предлагаемые борцами за права людей с ограниченными возможностями изменения этого понятия подвергались постоянной этической оценке в рамках биоэтических дискуссий. Тем самым в рамках биоэтики произошло формирование рамок таких изменений, были выработаны формы сочетания или перевода немедицинских и медицинских моделей «инвалидности». Социальное значение биоэтики, нейроэтики, цифровой и техноэтики не ограничивается регулированием процессов разработки новых технологий и мониторингом распространения связанных с ними социальных практик. Эти междисциплинарные области оказываются своеобразными испытательными полигонами понятий, в которых вырабатываются формы согласования их значений, а значит происходит координация активности государственных и общественных институтов, и отдельных социальных групп.
Режимы всеобщего благосостояния в развивающихся странах
Authors: Карасев Дмитрий
Published: December 2022

В статье проанализированы современные теоретические и эмпирические подходы к выделению режимов всеобщего благосостояния в развивающихся странах. За последние десятилетия наиболее значимый вклад в этой области внесли Я. Холлидей, Я. Гоф, Н. Рудра, С. Хаггард и Р. Кауфман. Интерес к изучению социальных государств в развивающихся странах и их типологизации возник из-за отсутствия ожидаемой конвергенции между ними и режимами всеобщего благосостояния в странах ОЭСР. Выделенный в Восточной Азии тип режима всеобщего благосостояния с характерным для него инвестиционным подходом к государственным социальным расходам был назван «продуктивистским» (Holliday 2000). По мере расширения социальных программ в регионе в ответ на серию кризисов 1997 и 2008 гг. этот режим трансформировался, и в отдельных странах все же приобрел сходства с либеральным режимом Эспинг-­Андерсена. Антиподом «продуктивистскому» режиму стал чрезмерно щедрый «протективный» (Rudra 2004) с уровнем социальных расходов, превышающим потенциал роста соответствующих национальных экономик. Была установлена связь между различными стратегиями догоняющего развития (экспорто-­ориентированная и импортозамещающая индустриализации) и типами социальных режимов («продуктивистский» и «протективный» режим, соответственно), а также их воздействием на демографию и социально-­экономическое развитие. Помимо протосоциальных государств среди развивающихся стран также выделяются кластеры «режимов с неформальным страхованием» и «режимов без социального страхования» с низкой социальной защищенностью, где основную социальную функцию выполняет расширенная семья, включая отправку денег мигрантами на родину, патрон-­клиентские сети, а также рынок, включая международные НКО. Последующие поколения исследователей, испытавшие влияние указанных авторов, уточняют состав кластеров и принципы кластеризации социальных режимов в развивающихся странах, а также выделяют промежуточные кластеры и подкластеры и изучают их более пристально.
Aspirin is used to mitigate the increasing frequency of marathon-related cardiac arrests
Authors: Arthur J Siegel
Published: December 2022

Male gender and the marathon were shown to be independent and significant risk factors for cardiac arrest in United States road races in a 10-year registry beginning in 2000, during which events increased in frequency during the latter half of the study [1].
HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE IN CHILDREN HOSPITALISED DUE TO FOUR ENT ILLNESSES:
A SELECTIVE REVIEW
Authors: Chmielik Lechosław , Mielnik-Niedzielska Grażyna , Niedzielski Artur
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The concept of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is nowadays increasingly and more broadly used for evaluating the effectiveness of medical treatment, superseding the earlier ‘quality of life’. The reason is that subjective parameters have now been added – such as health, freedom, and happiness – to previous objective parameters such as social development and material wellbeing. The HRQOL concept applies equally well to otolaryngology and this selective review of the literature focuses on HRQOL outcomes in four childhood ENT diseases. Study aim is to retrospectively evaluate the literature on HRQOL in children hospitalised for chronic sinusitis, nasal septum deviation, adenoid hypertrophy, or hearing disease.

Material and methods

Published studies and case reports were searched in Medline/PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and ORCID on quality of life based on paediatric patient questionnaires, whether completed by the subjects themselves or their parents. As well as confining results to the four selected illnesses, the following key words were used: health quality of life, otolaryngology/ENT, pediatrics/paediatrics. The review is selective, not comprehensive, with total results limited to 25 studies. Studies before 1999 were omitted because before then ‘quality of life’ was imprecisely defined.

Results

HRQOL scores and well-being were found to significantly deteriorate in pediatric patients suffering from chronic sinusitis, nasal septum deviation, adenoid hypertrophy, or hearing disease. The main problems found were infection, inflammation, disruption to family life
and child–parent interaction, fitness-related issues, reduced ENT patencies, and apnea.

Conclusions

HRQOL significantly deteriorates in children suffering from the defined ENT diseases. Further studies are needed to cover all ENT diseases.