bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solubility of Sulfamethazine in the Binary Mixture of Acetonitrile + Methanol from 278.15 to 318.15 K: Measurement, Dissolution Thermodynamics, Preferential Solvation, and Correlation
Authors: Ortiz Claudia Patricia , Cardenas-Torres Rossember Edén , Martínez Fleming , Delgado Daniel Ricardo
Published: December 2021

Solubility of sulfamethazine (SMT) in acetonitrile (MeCN) + methanol (MeOH) cosolvents was determined at nine temperatures between 278.15 and 318.15 K. From the solubility data expressed in molar fraction, the thermodynamic functions of solution, transfer and mixing were calculated using the Gibbs and van ’t Hoff equations; on the other hand, the solubility data were modeled according to the Wilson models and NRTL. The solubility of SMT is thermo-dependent and is influenced by the solubility parameter of the cosolvent mixtures. In this case, the maximum solubility was achieved in the cosolvent mixture w0.40 at 318.15 K and the minimum in pure MeOH at 278.15 K. According to the thermodynamic functions, the SMT solution process is endothermic in addition to being favored by the entropic factor, and as for the preferential solvation parameter, SMT tends to be preferentially solvated by MeOH in all cosolvent systems; however, δx3,1<0.01, so the results are not conclusive. Finally, according to mean relative deviations (MRD%), the two models could be very useful tools for calculating the solubility of SMT in cosolvent mixtures and temperatures different from those reported in this research.
Near-Wall Aggregation of Amyloidogenic Aβ 1-40 Peptide: Direct Observation by the FRET
Authors: Katina Natalia , Mikhaylina Alisa , Ilina Nelly , Eliseeva Irina , Balobanov Vitalii
Published: December 2021

The formation of amyloid fibrils is one of the variants of the self-organization of polypeptide chains. For the amyloid aggregation, the solution must be oversaturated with proteins. The interface of the liquid (solution) and solid (vessel walls) phases can trigger the adsorption of protein molecules, and the resulting oversaturation can initiate conformational transitions in them. In any laboratory experiment, we cannot exclude the presence of surfaces such as the walls of vessels, cuvettes, etc. However, in many works devoted to the study of amyloid formation, this feature is not considered. In our work, we investigated the behavior of the Aβ 1-40 peptide at the water–glass, water–quartz, and water–plastic interface. We carried out a series of simple experiments and showed that the Aβ 1-40 peptide is actively adsorbed on these surfaces, which leads to a significant interaction and aggregation of peptides. This means that the interface can be the place where the first amyloid nucleus appears. We suggest that this effect may also be one of the reasons for the difficulty of reproducing kinetic data when studying the aggregation of the amyloid of the Aβ 1-40 peptide and other amyloidogenic proteins
A Practical Approach for the In Vitro Safety and Efficacy Assessment of an Anti-Ageing Cosmetic Cream Enriched with Functional Compounds
Authors: Zerbinati Nicola , Sommatis Sabrina , Maccario Cristina , Di Francesco Serena , Capillo Maria Chiara , Grimaldi Giulia , Rauso Raffaele , Herrera Martha , Bencini Pier Luca , Mocchi Roberto
Published: December 2021

(1) Background: Cosmeceuticals are topical products applied to human skin to prevent skin ageing and maintain a healthy skin appearance. Their effectiveness is closely linked to the compounds present in a final formulation. In this article, we propose a panel of in vitro tests to support the efficacy assessment of an anti-ageing cream enriched with functional compounds. (2) Methods: biocompatibility and the irritant effect were evaluated on reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) and corneal epithelium (HCE) 3D models. After a preliminary MTT assay, normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and keratinocytes (HaCaT) were used to evaluate the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein synthesis, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) production. (3) Results: data collected showed good biocompatibility and demonstrated the absence of the irritant effect in both 3D models. Therefore, we demonstrated a statistical increase in collagen and elastin productions in NHDF cells. In HaCaT cells, we highlighted an anti-inflammatory effect through a reduction in IL-6 levels in inflammatory stimulated conditions. Moreover, the reduction of MMP-1 production after UV-B radiation was demonstrated, showing significant photo-protection. (4) Conclusion: a multiple in vitro assays approach is proposed for the valid and practical assessment of the anti-ageing protection, anti-inflammatory and biocompatible claims that can be assigned to a cosmetic product containing functional compounds.
Sicilian Byzantine Icons through the Use of Non-Invasive Imaging Techniques and Optical Spectroscopy: The Case of the Madonna dell’Elemosina
Authors: Armetta Francesco , Chirco Gabriella , Lo Celso Fabrizio , Ciaramitaro Veronica , Caponetti Eugenio , Midiri Massimo , Lo Re Giuseppe , Gaishun Vladimir , Kovalenko Dmitry , Semchenko Alina , Hreniak Dariusz , Saladino Maria Luisa
Published: December 2021

The iconographic heritage is one of the treasures of Byzantine art that have enriched the south of Italy, and Sicily in particular, since the early 16th century. In this work, the investigations of a Sicilian Icon of Greek-Byzantine origin, the Madonna dell’Elemosina, is reported for the first time. The study was carried out using mainly non-invasive imaging techniques (photography in reflectance and grazing visible light, UV fluorescence, infrared reflectography, radiography, and computed tomography) and spectroscopic techniques (X-ray fluorescence and infrared spectroscopy). The identification of the constituent materials provides a decisive contribution to the correct historical and artistic placement of the Icon, a treasure of the Eastern European historical community in Sicily. Some hidden details have also been highlighted. Most importantly, the information obtained enables us to define its conservation state, the presence of foreign materials, and to direct its protection and restoration.
Composite Fiber Spun Mat Synthesis and In Vitro Biocompatibility for Guide Tissue Engineering
Authors: Osorio-Arciniega Rodrigo , García-Hipólito Manuel , Alvarez-Fregoso Octavio , Alvarez-Perez Marco Antonio
Published: December 2021

Composite scaffolds are commonly used strategies and materials employed to achieve similar analogs of bone tissue. This study aims to fabricate 10% wt polylactic acid (PLA) composite fiber scaffolds by the air-jet spinning technique (AJS) doped with 0.5 or 0.1 g of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (ZrO2) for guide bone tissue engineering. ZrO2 nanoparticles were obtained by the hydrothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyzed the synthesized PLA/ZrO2 fiber scaffolds. The in vitro biocompatibility and bioactivity of the PLA/ZrO2 were studied using human fetal osteoblast cells. Our results showed that the hydrothermal technique allowed ZrO2 nanoparticles to be obtained. SEM analysis showed that PLA/ZrO2 composite has a fiber diameter of 395 nm, and the FITR spectra confirmed that the scaffolds’ chemical characteristics are not affected by the synthesized technique. In vitro studies demonstrated that PLA/ZrO2 scaffolds increased cell adhesion, cellular proliferation, and biomineralization of osteoblasts. In conclusion, the PLA/ZrO2 scaffolds are bioactive, improve osteoblasts behavior, and can be used in tissue bone engineering applications.
Columnar Aggregates of Azobenzene Stars: Exploring Intermolecular Interactions, Structure, and Stability in Atomistic Simulations
Authors: Koch Markus , Saphiannikova Marina , Guskova Olga
Published: December 2021

We present a simulation study of supramolecular aggregates formed by three-arm azobenzene (Azo) stars with a benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) core in water. Previous experimental works by other research groups demonstrate that such Azo stars assemble into needle-like structures with light-responsive properties. Disregarding the response to light, we intend to characterize the equilibrium state of this system on the molecular scale. In particular, we aim to develop a thorough understanding of the binding mechanism between the molecules and analyze the structural properties of columnar stacks of Azo stars. Our study employs fully atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to model pre-assembled aggregates with various sizes and arrangements in water. In our detailed approach, we decompose the binding energies of the aggregates into the contributions due to the different types of non-covalent interactions and the contributions of the functional groups in the Azo stars. Initially, we investigate the origin and strength of the non-covalent interactions within a stacked dimer. Based on these findings, three arrangements of longer columnar stacks are prepared and equilibrated. We confirm that the binding energies of the stacks are mainly composed of π–π interactions between the conjugated parts of the molecules and hydrogen bonds formed between the stacked BTA cores. Our study quantifies the strength of these interactions and shows that the π–π interactions, especially between the Azo moieties, dominate the binding energies. We clarify that hydrogen bonds, which are predominant in BTA stacks, have only secondary energetic contributions in stacks of Azo stars but remain necessary stabilizers. Both types of interactions, π–π stacking and H-bonds, are required to maintain the columnar arrangement of the aggregates.
Computational Studies of Au(I) and Au(III) Anticancer MetalLodrugs: A Survey
Authors: Tolbatov Iogann , Marrone Alessandro , Coletti Cecilia , Re Nazzareno
Published: December 2021

Owing to the growing hardware capabilities and the enhancing efficacy of computational methodologies, computational chemistry approaches have constantly become more important in the development of novel anticancer metallodrugs. Besides traditional Pt-based drugs, inorganic and organometallic complexes of other transition metals are showing increasing potential in the treatment of cancer. Among them, Au(I)- and Au(III)-based compounds are promising candidates due to the strong affinity of Au(I) cations to cysteine and selenocysteine side chains of the protein residues and to Au(III) complexes being more labile and prone to the reduction to either Au(I) or Au(0) in the physiological milieu. A correct prediction of metal complexes’ properties and of their bonding interactions with potential ligands requires QM computations, usually at the ab initio or DFT level. However, MM, MD, and docking approaches can also give useful information on their binding site on large biomolecular targets, such as proteins or DNA, provided a careful parametrization of the metal force field is employed. In this review, we provide an overview of the recent computational studies of Au(I) and Au(III) antitumor compounds and of their interactions with biomolecular targets, such as sulfur- and selenium-containing enzymes, like glutathione reductases, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, cysteine protease, thioredoxin reductase and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1.
Synthetic Amphoteric Cryogels as an Antidote against Acute Heavy Metal Poisoning
Authors: Baimenov Alzhan Z. , Fakhradiyev Ildar R. , Berillo Dmitriy A. , Saliev Timur , Mikhalovsky Sergey V. , Nurgozhin Talgat S. , Inglezakis Vassilis J.
Published: December 2021

The effectiveness of an amphoteric cryogel (AAC) as an oral sorbent (enerosorbent) for the treatment of acute poisoning of small animals (rats) with heavy metals (HMs) was studied in in vivo experiments. The morphological structure of the cryogel was examined using scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and confocal microscopy. The use of the cryogel in the treatment of rats administered an LD50 dose of Cd(NO3)2, CsNO3, Sr(NO3)2, or HgCl2 in aqueous solution showed their high survival rate compared to the control group, which did not receive such treatment. The histological and chemical analysis of internal tissues and the biochemical analysis of the blood of the experimental animals showed the effectiveness of the cryogel in protecting the animals against the damaging effect of HMs on the organism comparable with unithiol, a chelating agent based on 2,3-dimercapto-1-propane sulfonic acid sodium salt (DMPS) approved for the treatment of acute poisoning with some heavy metals.
Sorption and Textural Properties of Activated Carbon Derived from Charred Beech Wood
Authors: Zgrzebnicki Michal , Kałamaga Agnieszka , Wrobel Rafal
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to prepare activated carbon materials with different porous structures. For this purpose, the biomass precursor, beech wood, was carbonized in an inert atmosphere, and the obtained charcoal was physically activated using carbon dioxide at 1273 K. Different porous structures were obtained by controlling the time of the activation process. Prepared materials were characterized in terms of textural (N2 sorption at 77 K), structural (XRD), and sorption properties (CO2, C2H4, C4H10). The shortest activation time resulted in a mostly microporous structure, which provided a high sorption of CO2. Increasing the activation time led to an increasing of the pores’ diameters. Therefore, the highest ethene uptake was obtained for the material with an intermediate activation time, while the highest butane uptake was obtained for the material with the highest activation time.
Scientometric Overview of Coffee By-Products and Their Applications
Authors: Durán-Aranguren Daniel , Robledo Sebastian , Gomez-Restrepo Eduardo , Arboleda Valencia Jorge , Tarazona Natalia
Published: December 2021

As coffee consumption is on the rise, and the global coffee production creates an excess of 23 million tons of waste per year, a revolutionary transition towards a circular economy via the transformation and valorization of the main by-products from its cultivation and preparation (Coffee Husk (CH), Coffee Pulp (CP), Coffee Silverskin (CS), and Spent Coffee Grounds (SCG)) is inspiring researchers around the world. The recent growth of scholarly publications in the field and the emerging applications of coffee by-products published in these scientific papers encourages a systematic review to identify the knowledge structure, research hotspots, and to discuss the challenges and future directions. This paper displays a comprehensive scientometric analysis based on 108 articles with a high level of influence in the field of coffee by-products and their applications. According to our analysis, the research in this field shows an explosive growth since 2017, clustered in five core applications: bioactive compounds, microbial transformation, environmental applications, biofuels from thermochemical processes, and construction materials.
Discovery of Octahydroisoindolone as a Scaffold for the Selective Inhibition of Chitinase B1 from Aspergillus fumigatus: In Silico Drug Design Studies
Authors: Marbán-González Alberto , Hernández-Mendoza Armando , Ordóñez Mario , Razo-Hernández Rodrigo Said , Viveros-Ceballos José Luis
Published: December 2021

Chitinases represent an alternative therapeutic target for opportunistic invasive mycosis since they are necessary for fungal cell wall remodeling. This study presents the design of new chitinase inhibitors from a known hydrolysis intermediate. Firstly, a bioinformatic analysis of Aspergillus fumigatus chitinase B1 (AfChiB1) and chitotriosidase (CHIT1) by length and conservation was done to obtain consensus sequences, and molecular homology models of fungi and human chitinases were built to determine their structural differences. We explored the octahydroisoindolone scaffold as a potential new antifungal series by means of its structural and electronic features. Therefore, we evaluated several synthesis-safe octahydroisoindolone derivatives by molecular docking and evaluated their AfChiB1 interaction profile. Additionally, compounds with the best interaction profile (1–5) were docked within the CHIT1 catalytic site to evaluate their selectivity over AfChiB1. Furthermore, we considered the interaction energy (MolDock score) and a lipophilic parameter (aLogP) for the selection of the best candidates. Based on these descriptors, we constructed a mathematical model for the IC50 prediction of our candidates (60–200 μM), using experimental known inhibitors of AfChiB1. As a final step, ADME characteristics were obtained for all the candidates, showing that 5 is our best designed hit, which possesses the best pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic character.
Lipid-Based Nanovesicular Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Limongi Tania , Susa Francesca , Marini Monica , Allione Marco , Torre Bruno , Pisano Roberto , di Fabrizio Enzo
Published: December 2021

In designing a new drug, considering the preferred route of administration, various requirements must be fulfilled. Active molecules pharmacokinetics should be reliable with a valuable drug profile as well as well-tolerated. Over the past 20 years, nanotechnologies have provided alternative and complementary solutions to those of an exclusively pharmaceutical chemical nature since scientists and clinicians invested in the optimization of materials and methods capable of regulating effective drug delivery at the nanometer scale. Among the many drug delivery carriers, lipid nano vesicular ones successfully support clinical candidates approaching such problems as insolubility, biodegradation, and difficulty in overcoming the skin and biological barriers such as the blood–brain one. In this review, the authors discussed the structure, the biochemical composition, and the drug delivery applications of lipid nanovesicular carriers, namely, niosomes, proniosomes, ethosomes, transferosomes, pharmacosomes, ufasomes, phytosomes, catanionic vesicles, and extracellular vesicles.
On the Road to Circular Public Procurement: Case, Variations, and Potential Actions in Germany
Authors: Wurster Simone , Schulze Rita , Simon Ramona G.
Published: December 2021

According to the United Nations, the consumption of materials is expected to double between 2020 and 2050. At the same time, annual waste generation is forecast to increase by 70% by 2050. The circular economy (CE) addresses this problem. However, many barriers to the further development of the CE exist. This article analyses the situation of public procurement in supporting a sustainable CE for tyres in Germany based on 18 interviews with public procurement professionals directly responsible for the purchase of tyres and four additional expert interviews. Based on the dimensions ‘current circular public procurement (CPP) intensity’ and ‘current CPP opportunities’, a classification of tyre procurement situations and barriers to sustainable circular tyre procurement is presented. Strategies to overcome these supply-side and demand-side barriers are specified, resulting in nine recommendations for German policymakers. As a way forward, a detailed concept for a pilot project on tyre CPP is provided. The article also shows how the circular public procurement classification can be used to support sustainability measures in a broader context. Finally, the article’s outlook focuses on implications to promote sustainable circular tyre procurement in other countries. It explains different framework conditions and elaborates to what extent additional research is necessary to develop appropriate recommendations for those conditions.
Landscape Diversity and the Directions of Its Protection in Poland Illustrated with an Example of Wielkopolskie Voivodeship
Authors: Bródka Sylwia , Kubacka Marta , Macias Andrzej
Published: December 2021

As part of the implementation of the provisions of the European Landscape Convention, a landscape audit of the provinces has been underway in Poland for a few years. The main objectives of the audit are the delimitation of landscape units, assessment of their values, and identification of the priority of landscapes to be protected. This study presents the results of research on the landscape division of the Wielkopolskie voivodeship and a geostatistical analysis of the differentiation of ecological units. With reference to legal regulations in force in Poland, the landscape diversity of the province was characterized using two divisions: geophysical regionalization and landscape typology. In the case of regional division, the meso- and microregions of physical and geographical rank are referenced. The proposed microregional division is the first example in Poland of such a detailed landscape analysis completed for the area of the voivodeship. In the case of typological division, the study conducted in cooperation with the Wielkopolska Bureau of Spatial Planning in Poznań was used. The statistical analysis included metrics to quantitatively characterize landscape composition, including the landscape division index (DIVISION), Shannon’s diversity index (SHDI), and Simpson’s diversity index (SIDI). The results of the study were then compared with the distribution of areas associated with different forms of landscape protection such as national parks, landscape parks, and protected landscape areas. The applied methodology and the results obtained indicate the important role of physical and geographical microregions in the complex analyses of landscape diversity and their broad application in procedures connected with landscape planning and environmental protection.
Insulating Building Components Made from a Mixture of Waste and Vegetal Materials: Thermal Characterization of Nine New Products
Authors: La Gennusa Maria , Marino Concettina , Nucara Antonino , Panzera Maria Francesca , Pietrafesa Matilde
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, energy efficiency and sustainability are the fulcra of building policies. These policies promote the use of new technologies and materials that can reduce the primary energy involved and the environmental costs of construction, guarantying at the same time a high level of comfort for the building’s occupants. Synergy between previous construction techniques and the use of new materials should be pursued by employing materials with a low environmental impact and optimal thermal insulation properties. Within this framework, new materials derived from the agriculture sector, and waste or recycling products from the industrial/agricultural sectors have been studied. The aim of this paper is to contribute to this field by analysing the insulation properties of new environmentally friendly materials composited from waste or vegetal products for their applications within the construction sector. Measurements of the thermal conductivity of nine different samples are carried out, obtaining promising results suggesting that these products can be used as feasible alternatives to the materials traditionally used for construction and insulation. However, further analyses are certainly recommended, to assess the samples’ structural properties and the influence of pre-treatments on the samples.
C4I System Security Architecture: A Perspective on Big Data Lifecycle in a Military Environment
Authors: Baek Seungjin , Kim Young-Gab
Published: December 2021

Although the defense field is also one of the key areas that use big data for security reasons, there is a lack of study that designs system frameworks and presents security requirements to implement big data in defense. However, we overcome the security matters by examining the battlefield environment and the system through the flow of data in the battlefield. As such, this research was conducted to apply big data in the defense domain, which is a unique field. In particular, a three-layered system framework was designed to apply big data in the C4I system, which collects, manages, and analyzes data generated from the battlefield, and the security measures required for each layer were developed. First, to enhance the general understanding of big data and the military environment, an overview of the C4I system, the characteristics of the 6V’s, and the five-phase big data lifecycle were described. While presenting a framework that divides the C4I system into three layers, the roles and components of each layer are described in detail, considering the big data lifecycle and system framework. A security architecture is finally proposed by specifying security requirements for each field in the three-layered C4I system. The proposed system framework and security architecture more accurately explain the unique nature of the military domain than those studied in healthcare, smart grids, and smart cities; development directions requiring further research are described.
How the Public Shaming of Peers Enhances Corporate Social Performance: Evidence from Blacklisted Firms in Japan
Authors: Liao Ranxin , Min Jungwon
Published: December 2021

This study aims to show how vicarious public shaming, that is the public disgrace of several peers in the same industry, affects focal firms’ corporate social performance (CSP). Drawing on the legitimacy and category theories, we suggest that since an increased vicarious public disgrace harms the legitimacy of the entire industry, peer companies attempt to negate these potential legitimacy losses by improving their CSP. This tendency is more pronounced in firms that have a poor record of CSP. Using a context of the Japanese blacklisted companies by the government for labor law delinquency between 2016 and 2019, our results confirm that vicarious public disgrace is a significant antecedent to improving CSP. Our findings also imply that the appropriate use of public disgrace can enhance overall the CSP levels.
Current features of the epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis B in risk groups in Russian Federation
Authors: Shulakova Nadezhda Ivanovna Shulakova Nadezhda Ivanovna , Sipacheva Natal’ya Borisovna , Guseva Elena Viktorovna , Nikolaeva Olga Grigorievna , Nozdracheva Аnna Valer’evna , Gotvyanskaya Tat’yana Pavlovna , Panfilova Tomara Mihajlovna
Published: December 2021

Hepatitis B is an infectious disease that leads to severe health problems, with the risk of chronicity and death. The World Health Organization (WHO) has shown that about 4.5 million premature deaths from the infection could be prevented by 2030 in low- and middle-income countries through vaccination, diagnostic tests, drugs, and education campaigns. The main goal of the WHO global hepatitis strategy is to reduce new infections by 90 % and deaths by 65 % between 2016 and 2030. The successes of hepatitis B vaccine prophylaxis are the basis for setting the ambitious goal of eliminating the disease in the future. However, to date, many questions about the organization and planning of regional vaccination programs remain unresolved and provoke discussions among specialists around the world, including in Russia. In order to systematize and summarize the scientific literature on prevention, as well as to evaluate its effectiveness, we performed a literature search using the electronic bibliographic resources https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ and https://elibrary.ru/ using the key words «hepatitis B» and «vaccine prophylaxis». Analysis of scientific papers allowed us to characterize some manifestations of hepatitis B epidemic process and reveal its modern features in the territory of Russia, including risk groups. Aspects of genetic heterogeneity of HBsAg pathogen circulating in Russian territory as well as in adjoining states are given in details. The organization of vaccine prophylaxis is considered; the used immunobiological preparations are characterized. The results of the work define the role of serological studies in the system of epidemic surveillance for hepatitis B, as well as their significance for formation of adequate tactics of vaccination of the population, including in risk groups.
Entering a medical clinic on the stock exchange: reflection in accounting and reporting
Authors: Sotnikova L.V.
Published: December 2021

Medicine in modern Russia is as profitable business as any other. Of course, we are talking about private medicine. Therefore, medical organizations need to be able to plan their income and expenses, as well as be able to manage them. Many Russian private medical organizations adopt foreign experience, transferring to the “medical soil” the idea of “effective management”, which consists in the ability to increase revenues, reduce costs, and generate such a volume of profit that suits the shareholders. According to the market law of capital flow, shareholders who own shares of companies in one industry sell these shares (at the time when this can be done with the maximum possible profit) and acquire shares of companies in another industry that are more attractive for investors. It is possible to sell shares “from hand to hand” — from the previous owner to a new one, but the transaction in this case is carried out at a negotiated price that will not meet the criteria of the so-called fair price. A completely different matter is the sale of shares on an exchange, an observable (transparent) market. The transaction is reflected in the accounting and reporting, the only question is whether the profit from the transaction is reflected on the balance sheet of the medical organization in respect of the shares of which the transaction is being made.
Analytical procedures in the audit of non-state medical institutions
Authors: Efremova E. I.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the study of the problems of applying analytical procedures in the audit of financial statements of non-state medical institutions is due to the increasing requirements for auditors: since we work in one of the most difficult and uneven economic climates in our time, audit is becoming an even more important guarantor of stability than ever before. The advantage of using analytical procedures is that they help to minimize audit costs and allow you to use the resources limited under the contract with maximum efficiency. The importance of applying analytical procedures is also due to the increase in the number of services provided by audit companies, such as consultations, etc.
Alternative personnel solutions in the context of a pandemic: an assessment of options
Authors: Lebedev V. A. , Lebedeva E. I.
Published: December 2021

The current legal means of labor legislation operating in the conditions of a pandemic and related, on the one hand, to the employer’s right to transfer an employee to a remote format of remote labor relations, and on the other, the employer’s obligation to suspend an employee who has not been vaccinated, are considered. The analysis of the main changes made to the Labor Code of the Russian Federation regarding the features of remote work and entered into force on January 01, 2021 is carried out. The norms concerning such key points for the remote format as the procedure for electronic interaction between an employee and an employer on employment issues, maintaining a work record, changing and terminating labor relations are considered.
Regional experience in adapting decent wage standards in agriculture: analysis and evaluation
Authors: Kiryanova V. N.
Published: December 2021

In article the question of extent of adaptation of Standards of the decent salary in branch of agriculture as one of important instruments of increase in profitability of work in agriculture is considered. In order to solve this problem, the author analyses and carries out a comparative assessment of the content of Sectoral Labour Agreements with a view to reflecting in them social guarantees on decent remuneration of workers of the industry in a number of subjects of the Russian Federation. In addition, the article provides analytical material on the degree of practical implementation of social guarantees, as the basis of Decent Wage Standards, using statistical groupings of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation on a number of indicators. For example, by ratio. The minimum wage and subsistence minimum, as well as the average wage and subsistence minimum; Their dynamics by years are given. In addition, the author of the article believes that in order to gain a better understanding of the implementation of the Decent Wage Standards in the industry, it is necessary to study the practice of their application at the level of enterprises and organizations in order to assess the degree of implementation of social and legal guarantees when concluding collective agreements directly in organizations. This will be the next stage of the study on the adaptation of Decent Wage Standards.
Brief analysis of indicators of energy resources provision of agricultural organizations of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Kovalev I. L. , Efremov A. A.
Published: December 2021

A number of important points and indicators characterizing the current state and potential of the Belarusian agricultural production are considered. It has been established that over the past decade in the agricultural organizations of the republic there was a decrease in the energy supply indicator by 15 %, and the power supply to labor during this time increased by more than 1.4 times. The overall efficiency of agricultural and livestock production, the level of labor productivity in an agricultural organization, the availability of energy capacities has a very significant and often decisive impact.
Crecimiento y supervivencia del camarón Penaeus vannamei con aplicación de actinomicetos probióticos y homeopatía
Authors: García-Bernal Milagro , Medina-Marrero Ricardo , Campa-Córdova Ángel Isidro , Tovar-Ramírez Dariel , Barajas Delfino , Ormart-Castro Pablo , Mazón-Suástegui José Manuel
Published: December 2021

Se evaluó el efecto de bacterias probióticas y medicamentos homeopáticos sobre el crecimiento, la supervivencia y la calidad del agua en el cultivo de juveniles del camarón blanco del pacífico Penaeus vannamei. Cuatro grupos experimentales fueron tratados durante 30 días con dos cepas probióticas de Streptomyces spp. RL8 (T1) y N7 (T2), con productos homeopáticos desarrollados en CIBNOR a partir de bacterias patógenas [ViP-7C+VIA-7C] (T3), con medicamentos homeopáticos para humanos [PhA-7C+SIT-7C] (T4) y con agua destilada como grupo control (T5). Los camarones tratados con T2, T3 y T4 mostraron una ganancia significativamente mayor en peso (P<0.05) con respecto a T5. El peso diario ganado fue significativamente mayor (P<0,05) en los camarones tratados con T2 y T3, con respecto a T5. Se registraron diferencias significativas (P<0,05) en la tasa de supervivencia de camarones tratados con T1, T2 y T3, con respecto al control (T5). La densidad de Vibrio spp. en el agua de cultivo fue significativamente menor (P<0,05) en T1, T3 y T4, que en T5. Tomando como referencia a T5, en todos los grupos experimentales se observó una reducción significativa (P<0,05) de vibrios en el hepatopáncreas. Como contraparte, la abundancia de bacterias heterótrofas marinas totales en el hepatopáncreas en todos los grupos experimentales fue significativamente mayor (P<0,05) con respecto al control (T5). Estos resultados demuestran que la aplicación de actinomicetos probióticos y de medicamentos homeopáticos tiene potencial como alternativa al uso y abuso de antibióticos costosos y potencialmente nocivos, ya que además de mantener buena calidad del agua promueven el crecimiento y la supervivencia de P. vannanmei, son bio-seguros y podrían ser económicamente competitivos para su aplicación en el cultivo comercial de la especie.
Enriquecimiento de ácidos grasos poliinsaturados por Rhodomonas salina (Cryptophyta) después de mutagénesis aleatoria
Authors: Guevara Miguel , Gómez Patricia , Acosta Mercedes
Published: December 2021

A protocol through mutagenesis with ethyl methane sulphonate and selection with herbicide Quizalofop was developed for Rhodomonas salina. Mutants showing resistance to Quizalofop had enriched lipid and PUFAs content. Two mutants were obtained with a significantly increased capacity for lipids (50-60% higher than WT) and PUFAs (50% higher that WT) accumulations, demonstrating the feasibility of genetically improving a species that doesn´t form discrete colonies in solid medium.
Captura, selección e ingestión de partículas en Ostreidae (Bivalvia): Crassostrea spp.
Authors: Valera-Mejias Alexander , Barbosa Ortega Walter
Published: December 2021

La contribución de los moluscos bivalvos a la producción acuícola mundial ha mostrado un incremento constante, la cual ha sido de gran importancia e impacto como fuente de alimentos con alto valor nutricional, divisas y empleo, generando así un interés significativo durante las últimas décadas, incluyendo investigaciones realizadas sobre aspectos relacionados con su anatomía funcional, ontología, fisiología y los mecanismos utilizados para su alimentación. Existen múltiples publicaciones e investigaciones en este tema, algunas de las cuales se mencionan en esta revisión. El presente trabajo inicia presentando generalidades sobre la anatomía de las ostras y enfatiza posteriormente aspectos relacionados con sus estrategias de captura, selección e ingestión de partículas en suspensión, enfocándose en las ostras del género Crassostrea, pero con estructuras y mecanismos relacionados a otras especies de bivalvos también, con los cuales mantiene fuertes similaridades. Se presenta información detallada sobre la estructura ctenidial y su desarrollo, así como sobre los principales factores químicos, físicos, ambientales y fisiológicos involucrados en el tratamiento de las partículas alimentarias capturadas, y finalmente los mecanismos propuestos para la producción de pseudo-heces.
Presence of amyloid protein in the yellow clam Amarilladesma mactroides (Reeve, 1854), an emerging species for aquaculture
Authors: Silva Santos Juan Juan , Araujo de Miranda Gomes Carlos Henrique , Romano Luis Alberto
Published: December 2021

Las proteínas amiloides son grupos proteicos que comprenden una superfamilia de apolipoproteínas altamente conservadas en vertebrados, estando implicadas en la modulación de numerosas respuestas inmunes durante infecciones, lesiones o estrés. En este estudio, la almeja amarilla Amarilladesma mactroides se utilizó como modelo para invertebrados y demostrar depósitos de proteína amiloide en sus tejidos. Se recolectaron de la playa ejemplares adultos de este bivalvo y se transportaron al Laboratorio de Inmunología y Patología de Organismos Acuáticos (LIPOA) de la Universidad Federal de Rio Grande (FURG). Sus tejidos se procesaron para su estudio histológico y se tiñeron con hematoxilina y eosina, y Rojo Congo. Las secciones histológicas teñidas con hematoxilina y eosina se examinaron con microscopía óptica clásica. Además, las secciones fueron teñidas con Rojo Congo y se analizaron con microscopía de luz polarizada. La tinción con Rojo Congo reveló la presencia de proteínas amiloides en el pie muscular y en las glándulas digestivas de la almeja amarilla. Las técnicas utilizadas demostraron ser adecuadas para la determinación de proteína amiloide en esta especie y evidenciaron un papel complementario de las proteínas amiloides en la respuesta inmune, indicando que pueden servir como marcador del sistema inmunológico innato y la salud de los invertebrados. La capacidad de evaluar la condición inmunológica puede proporcionar información relacionada con el cultivo de especies emergentes para la acuicultura.
Editorial: Caminando hacia las indexaciones y la contribución de la empresa privada……
Authors: Lodeiros Seijo César
Published: December 2021

AquaTechnica, nace como una iniciativa Rectoral y de la Escuela de Acuicultura y Pesquería de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí, para llenar un vacío en Iberoamérica que evalúe, valide y publique investigaciones realizadas en América Latina y el Caribe, pero no limitadas solo a esas regiones, en función del desarrollo de la acuicultura, que se ha convertido en una de las actividades prioritarias en la seguridad alimentaria de cualquier país y el planeta.  De esta manera, en el año 2019 nace AquaTechnica, con el aval y acompañamiento de la red AquaCibus: Fortaleciendo la acuicultura en Iberoamérica: calidad, competitividad y sostenibilidad del programa Iberoamericano de Ciencia y Tecnología para el Desarrollo (CYTED).
 
Con el presente número, AquaTechnica ha publicado 5 números con artículos en diferentes áreas y disciplinas de la acuicultura y, sin contar con 2 años (período que normalmente una revista científica puede optar a ser evaluada para indexaciones) ya fue evaluada e indexada en la Red Iberoamericana de Innovación y Conocimiento Científico (REDIB), la cual es una plataforma de agregación de contenidos científicos y académicos en formato electrónico producidos en el ámbito iberoamericano. De igual manera, se puede encontrar en BASE, el cual es uno de los motores de búsqueda más voluminosos del mundo, especialmente para recursos web académicos que proporciona el acceso a más de 240 millones de documentos, originarios de más de 8.000 proveedores de contenido.
Evaluación sensorial y estimación del rendimiento cárnico del chame Dormitator latifrons
Authors: Bermúdez-Medranda Alexandra Elizabeth , Santana-¨Piñeros Ana María , Isea-León Fernando , Cruz-Quintana Yanis
Published: December 2021

El chame Dormitator latifrons es una especie con gran potencial acuícola por su resistencia fisiológica y la calidad de su carne; sin embargo, se desconocen muchos aspectos productivos como el rendimiento en carne y su aceptación. Se estimó el grado de aceptación de la carne de chames silvestres y de producción, así como el rendimiento eviscerado y en filete en chames de cultivo. La longitud total y el peso promedio de los peces estudiados (n = 9) fue de 198,00 ± 0,97 mm (180 – 210) y 101,9 ± 7,59 g (92 – 117,32), respectivamente. El grado de aceptación sensorial se evaluó mediante una prueba hedónica, encuestando a 20 personas. El sabor obtuvo la mayor aceptación (65%) mientras que el olor obtuvo la aceptación más baja (45%). En todos los criterios, los peces silvestres obtuvieron una aceptación ligeramente superior a los peces cultivados (sabor 60 % y olor 40%). El peso promedio eviscerado fue de 87,53 ± 5,86 g (81,10 – 101,32), con un rendimiento del 86 ± 4%. Los pesos del filete con piel y sin piel fueron de 44,84 ± 8,93 g y 21,41 ± 3,64 g, para un rendimiento del 44% y 21%, respectivamente. El chame muestra un buen rendimiento en el filete en el rango de tallas estudiado. Estos resultados demuestran el potencial de esta especie para el desarrollo acuícola y la exportación en este tipo de presentación.
Evaluación del mejillón Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843) para su uso como complemento en el alimento de juveniles del camarón Penaeus vannamei Boone, 1931
Authors: Berrezueta-García Iván Francisco , Bernal-Zambrano Juan José , Lodeiros Seijo César
Published: December 2021

El uso del mejillón Mytella strigata como complemento del alimento de juveniles del camarón Pennaeus vannamei se evaluó con tres tratamientos de tres réplicas utilizando una dieta comercial de 35% proteína cruda: T1 (100% alimento balanceado), T2 (90% alimento balanceado + 10% harina de carne de Mytella strigata) y T3 (90% alimento comercial + 10% de harina de Mytella strigata con concha). Doscientos setenta juveniles de Penaeus vannamei con 1,34 ± 0,08 g de peso promedio fueron criados dentro de un laboratorio en un sistema controlado. Las réplicas (30 camarones en tanque de 80 L) fueron organizadas en un diseño completamente al azar. La alimentación se efectuó suministrando un 10% de la biomasa de los camarones, en 2 porciones al día (8h00 y 17h00) durante 21 días. No existieron diferencias significativas en los parámetros evaluados (crecimiento en peso, supervivencia, rendimiento y conversión alimenticia); sin embargo, los organismos mantenidos con la dieta T2 con aditivo de harina de carne mejillón mostraron siempre valores promedios mayores con índices de dispersión a la media bajos, comparativamente con los demás tratamientos, sugiriéndola como mejor dieta. Se recomienda realizar estudios más exhaustivos, con mayor número de réplicas y dosis aditivas del mejillón, así como un estudio de componentes nutritivos de la carne del mejillón Mytella strigata para dilucidar su uso como complemento en dietas para el cultivo de Penaeus vannamei.
Editorial | Iberoamérica: una potencia productiva mundial al desarrollo de nuevo conocimiento para cultivos acuícolas en el marco de la Seguridad y Soberanía Alimentaria
Authors: Sonnenholzner Varas Jorge
Published: December 2021

Iberoamérica, sufre una de las peores recesiones económicas registradas de los últimos 200 años a causa del brote del Covid-19; y muchos de los sistemas de producción alimentaria ya enfrentan presiones múltiples con un rendimiento productivo erosionado. No obstante, se continúa dando soporte y fuerte impulso a la Agenda 2030 de las Naciones Unidas para lograr alcanzar una acuicultura de cuarta generación con tecnología de sistemas de producción con desarrollo alto. 
 
Ante esta compleja realidad, varios países y regiones de Iberoamérica destacan al conformar un gran paisaje bioalimentario único desde la acuicultura que intervienen en organizar y reformar el sistema alimentario mundial. Los países mejor posicionados con recursos financieros y humanos dedicados a la I+D son los ibéricos Portugal y España, pero también en América Brasil, Uruguay, Argentina, Chile y México y sin duda, se darán más pasos centrados en soluciones basadas en lo imprescindible de la ciencia, la tecnología y la innovación para una acuicultura al 2050 con producción masiva de semillas y juveniles de nuevas especies nativas. 
 
Pese a la reducida cantidad de recursos que se destinan a I+D, Ecuador, por su privilegiada ubicación geográfica (en términos del perfil bioclimático y oceanográfico) y extensa productiva plataforma continental, tiene enorme potencial y proyección que ofrecer para la acuicultura, aparte de su impecable desempeño en la acuicultura del camarón blanco del Pacífico (Penaeus vannamei) con las ya más de 800.000 t en producción de camarón, con las cuales se pretenden cerrar este año 2021. Ecuador cuenta, particularmente a expensas de la industria de la camaronicultura, con el desarrollo de infraestructura de control de parámetros para rentabilidad de la producción, el uso eficiente de los recursos en tiempo real, y mejoras en la bioseguridad e inocuidad. Todo ello, lo convierte en destino relevante dentro del comercio internacional con la posibilidad de iniciativas de nuevos cultivos de recursos nativos, tales como peces, moluscos bivalvos, equinodermos (pepinos de mar y erizos de mar), algas marinas, entre otros grupos.
VIBRATION PROTECTION SYSTEMS OF VEHICLES: ACTIVE CONTROL AND OPTIMIZATION
Authors:   Orel State University, Vladimir Ivanovich Chernyshev , Olga Vladimirovna Fominova ,   Orel State University, Andrey Vladimirovich Gorin ,   Orel State University
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of studies of the dynamic properties of a vibration-protective system with active control, which is directly identified with the compensatory effect and is charac-terized as direct control, as well as a vibration-protective system with indirect control, which forms a compensatory effect mediated through the implementation of an intermittent process of changes in the parameters of the inertial link. To find the optimal positional control function of direct (ac-tive) control, as well as indirect (singular) control of the inertial link, information technologies for solving boundary value problems were used in relation to the canonical Hamilton equations for the vibration protection systems under study. The parameters are established at which vibration protection systems of this type eliminate resonance phenomena and provide comparable indicators of vibration safety for protected objects under kinematic disturbance.