bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Hierarchical Dynamical Functions in Coding for Episodic Memory and Cognition
Authors: Dannenberg Holger , Alexander Andrew S. , Robinson Jennifer C. , Hasselmo Michael E.
Published: June 2019

Behavioral research in human verbal memory function led to the initial definition of episodic memory and semantic memory. A complete model of the neural mechanisms of episodic memory must include the capacity to encode and mentally reconstruct everything that humans can recall from their experience. This article proposes new model features necessary to address the complexity of episodic memory encoding and recall in the context of broader cognition and the functional properties of neurons that could contribute to this broader scope of memory. Many episodic memory models represent individual snapshots of the world with a sequence of vectors, but a full model must represent complex functions encoding and retrieving the relations between multiple stimulus features across space and time on multiple hierarchical scales. Episodic memory involves not only the space and time of an agent experiencing events within an episode but also features shown in neurophysiological data such as coding of speed, direction, boundaries, and objects. Episodic memory includes not only a spatio-temporal trajectory of a single agent but also segments of spatio-temporal trajectories for other agents and objects encountered in the environment consistent with data on encoding the position and angle of sensory features of objects and boundaries. We will discuss potential interactions of episodic memory circuits in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex with distributed neocortical circuits that must represent all features of human cognition.
Cymbidium jiangchengense (Orchidaceae; Epidendroideae; Cymbidiinae), a new species from China: evidence from morphology and DNA sequences
Authors: PENG YING-LI , ZHOU ZHUANG , LAN SI-REN , LIU ZHONG-JIAN
Published: June 2019

A new orchid species, Cymbidium jiangchengense, from Yunnan Province, China, is described and illustrated. Its distinctiveness is evaluated with morphology and molecular analyses. A detailed comparison between the newly discovered orchid and other members of Cymbidium was performed. The new plant was characterized by stem-like pseudobulbs, narrowly oblong leaves, coriaceous leaves with an acute apex, a 2-flowered inflorescence, a purplish pink flower, narrowly elliptic sepals, petals, a obovate-lanceolate lip with a cordate midlobe, a yellow central callus, and a disc with a trough shape longitudinal lamella from the base extending to the base of the midlobe and a lamellae apex inflated to form two calluses that are not confluent apically. These features distinguish this new orchid from all other known species of Cymbidium. A molecular study based on nuclear ribosomal ITS and plastid matK and rbcL DNA sequence data indicates that C. jiangchengense is a distinct species that sister to C. wadae and a member of section Eburnea, subgenus Cyperorchis.
Chromosomal similarities and differences among three sibling species of the Acalles echinatus group (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Cryptorhynchinae)
Authors: LACHOWSKA DOROTA , ROŻEK MARIA , HOLECOVÀ MILADA
Published: June 2019

In order to clarify the taxonomic position of three sibling species of weevils from the Acalles echinatus group, A. echinatus, A. fallax and A. petryszaki, cytogenetic relationships are investigated by studying the mitotic and meiotic chromosomes, including the localisation of heterochromatin by C-banding, as well as the localisation of NORs by silver impregnation. These sources of data are congruent and strongly support that the examined species are closely related. All examined species are characterised by a karyotype of the same chromosome number and sex determination system but with different morphology of chromosomes. All the analysed features, such as the centromeric index, relative length, Cbands and NORs, show that the structure of the karyotype of A. echinatus is more similar to that of A. petryszaki, whereas the karyotype of A. fallax is divergent. The higher chromosome number (2n = 30) in relation to the modal formula in Curculionidae (2n = 22) suggests that karyotype evolution in these species could have occurred by centric fissions of metacentric elements leading to acrocentry.
Morphology of first seven larval stages of the striped soldier shrimp, Plesionika edwardsii (Brandt, 1851) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Pandalidae) from laboratory reared material
Authors: LANDEIRA JOSÉ MARÍA , LOZANO-SOLDEVILLA FERNANDO , GONZÁLEZ-GORDILLO JUAN IGNACIO
Published: June 2019

With the idea of starting a research program for the biological study of Plesionika edwardsii, eight ovigerous females were collected with artisanal bottom traps at 220 m depth in the Southwest of Gran Canaria island, north-western Africa (27º43.864´N 15º47.822´W), for laboratory larval cultures. The first seven zoeal stages of Plesionika edwardsii were obtained for 20 days after hatching at 23.4 ± 0.4ºC, 10ºC above adult habitat temperature. The zoeal stages are described and illustrated, constituting the first detailed larval description of the genus Plesionika. The larval morphology is compared with previous larval descriptions attributed to Plesionika spp. collected in plankton tows and with descriptions of the first stage of development of Plesionika acanthonotus reared in laboratory.
On the Tityus stigmurus complex (Scorpiones, Buthidae)
Authors: DE SOUZA CLAUDIO AUGUSTO R. , CANDIDO DENISE M. , LUCAS SYLVIA MARLENE , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO DOMINGOS
Published: June 2019

The species included in the Tityus stigmurus complex as established by Lourenço are revised. The male of Tityus serrulatus Lutz & Mello, 1922 is redescribed. New diagnostic characters are given for T. kuryi Lourenço 1997, T. melici Lourenço 2003, T. serrulatus and T. stigmurus Thorell, 1876. Tityus lamottei Lourenço 1981 and T. acutidens Mello-Leitão, 1933 are considered a junior synonyms of T. serrulatus (syn. nov.). The female of Tityus kuryi and the male of Tityus stigmurus are also redescribed. New distribution records are presented for species included in the complex.
Redescription of Allobates brunneus (Cope) 1887 (Anura: Aromobatidae: Allobatinae), with a description of the tadpole, call, and reproductive behavior
Authors: LIMA ALBERTINA P. , CALDWELL JANALEE P. , STRUSSMANN CHRISTINE
Published: June 2019

Allobates brunneus, long known as Colostethus brunneus, was originally described by E. D. Cope in 1887. Specimens on which the original description was based were collected by H. H. Smith from the village of Chapada dos Guimarães, in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. Because of the brevity of the original description, new material of this species was collected from 1998–2001 for a redescription. In recent years, numerous undescribed species of Allobates have been identified throughout the Amazon region. Our redescription of A. brunneus includes many characters not given in the original description that are necessary to distinguish this species from other similar ones. We also include descriptions of the tadpole and vocalization. Allobates brunneus is a small frog, in which males range in snout–vent length from 14.8–18.3 mm, and females from 15.8–19.8 mm. The species typically inhabits swamp forests along small streams or rivers. Although the frog was once abundant, the construction of a hydroelectric dam and reservoir on the Rio Manso has inundated many of the localities where it was formerly known, greatly reducing the number of known populations.
Cladocerans of the Alona affinis (Leydig, 1860) group from South Africa
Authors: SINEV ARTEM YU
Published: June 2019

Study of South African populations of chydorid cladocerans in the Alona affinis-group (Anomopoda: Chydoridae) revealed two closely related species, Alona affinis (Leydig, 1860) and a second, previously unknown, species A. martensi sp. n. No significant differences were seen between South African and Eurasian populations of A. affinis sensu stricto. A. martensi sp. n. differs from other species of the affinis-group by a shorter spine on the basal segment of antennal exopodite, and can be distinguished from A. affinis by a number of additional morphological characters. A. affinis is distributed mainly in the East and South regions of the Republic of South Africa, and is less frequented in this region. Confined mainly to artificial water bodies its presence may be human-mediated. A. martensi sp. n. sems to be endemic to the Drakensberg mountains within the borders of the KwaZulu-Natal Province and Lesotho.
Lizard in the clouds: a new highland genus and species of Gymnophthalmidae (Reptilia: Squamata) from Maringma tepui, western Guyana
Authors: KOK PHILIPPE J.R.
Published: June 2019

A new genus is erected for Pantepuisaurus rodriguesi gen. nov. sp. nov., collected at 2080 m elevation on Mount Maringma, a sandstone flat-topped table mountain (tepui) located in the eastern Pakaraima Mountains, at the GuyanaBrazil border. The new genus mainly differs from all other known gymnophthalmids by the following combination of characters: distinctive ear opening and moveable eyelids, limbs pentadactyl with all digits clawed, prefrontals present, interparietal and parietals forming a jagged, irregular posterior margin, three pairs of genials, second pair of genials in contact with only one infralabial, dorsal scales hexagonal, keeled, in transverse rows only, ventral scales imbricate, hexagonal, mucronate, broadly keeled, in transverse rows only, and hemipenis weakly bilobed with series of curved transverse plicae bearing mineralized spicules.
Redescription of Sarcophaga (Discachaeta) bezziana Böttcher and Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) infixa Böttcher, and description of a new Heteronychia Brauer & Bergenstamm from southern France (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: WHITMORE DANIEL , RICHET RENÉ , PAPE THOMAS , BLACKITH RUTH M.
Published: June 2019

Sarcophaga bezziana Böttcher, 1913 and S. infixa Böttcher, 1913 are redescribed and their male terminalia are illustrated with SEM images; their subgeneric affiliation and affinities with related species are discussed. A lectotype is designated for Sarcophaga bezziana Böttcher. This species is compared to the closely related S. amita Rondani, 1860 and transferred from subgenus Heteronychia Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1889 to subgenus Discachaeta Enderlein, 1928, comb. nov. Sarcophaga infixa Böttcher sp. rev. is removed from synonymy with S. haemorrhoides Böttcher, 1913. A new species, Sarcophaga (Heteronychia) gallica sp. nov., closely related to S. (H.) infixa, is described from southern France.
Two new species of the subfamily Xyleninae from China (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
Authors: KONONENKO VLADIMIR
Published: June 2019

Two new noctuids in the subfamily Xyleninae, Chasminodes behouneki sp. n. and Lithophane gansuana sp. n., belonging to the tribes Cosmiini and Xylenini respectively, are described from central China. The new species C. behouneki and L. gansuana represent allopatric sister species of C. ussurica Kononenko, 1982 and L. pacifica Kononenko, 1978, both described from the Russian Far East. Adults and the genitalia of the species are illustrated, and new distributional data and maps for C. ussurica and L. pacifica are presented. A checklist of the genus Chasminodes is provided.
A revision of the family Syringogastridae (Diptera: Diopsoidea)
Authors: MARSHALL S. A. , BUCK M. , SKEVINGTON J. H. , GRIMALDI D.
Published: June 2019

The New World family Syringogastridae (Diptera, Acalyptratae) with the single genus Syringogaster is revised. Eleven new extant species are described in four newly recognized species groups to give a total of 20 extant species (S. brachypecta, S. apiculata and S. tenuipes in the rufa-group; S. atricalyx, S. figurata, S. plesioterga, and S. dactylopleura in the figurata-group; and S. nigrithorax, S. brunneina, S. sharkeyi and S. palenque in the brunnea-group; Marshall & Buck are the authors of all extant new species). The craigi-group includes two new fossil species, S. miocenecus Grimaldi and S. craigi Grimaldi, each described on the basis of a unique Miocene (ca. 17 myo) amber specimen from the Dominican Republic. Morphological and molecular characters are used to estimate phylogenetic relationships among species of Syringogastridae, and between Syringogastridae and related diopsids. The fossil species appear to form the sister group to the Central and South American figurata group, and reveal Antillean extinction of the family from earlier in the Tertiary.
A new species of Stenodynerus de Saussure, 1863 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Eumeninae) from Lombok, with a key to the species from the Malay Archipelago
Authors: SELIS MARCO
Published: June 2019

The genus Stenodynerus de Saussure, 1863 is recorded from Lombok Island for the first time with a new species, Stenodynerus lombokensis Selis, sp. nov. A checklist and a key to the species of Stenodynerus from the Malay Archipelago are provided.
Training Pediatric Primary Care Residents in Trauma-Informed Care: A Feasibility Trial
Authors: Dueweke Aubrey R. , Hanson Rochelle F. , Wallis Elizabeth , Fanguy Emily , Newman Carla
Published: June 2019

This study examined the feasibility and outcomes of a training designed to enhance pediatric residents’ trauma-informed practices in primary care. Paired samples t tests examined changes in 33 residents’ attitudes, perceived competence, and perceived barriers toward trauma-informed care after a 2-hour training. Fisher’s exact tests measured changes in residents’ screening and referral behaviors. A subsample (n = 9) of residents were interviewed about the training. Residents reported increases in favorable attitudes ( P = .065) and perceived competence ( P < .001) and decreases in perceived barriers ( P = .001 to .521) to implementing trauma-informed care practices. Chart reviews revealed a significant increase in completed trauma screens (0% to 8.0%, P < .001) but no difference in referrals for psychology/psychiatry services (1.9% to 4.2%, P = .200). Residents reported finding the training helpful. Although residents were willing and understood the utility of assessing for trauma, they faced substantial barriers.
Recovery education for people experiencing housing instability: An evaluation protocol
Authors: Durbin Anna , Kapustianyk Grace , Nisenbaum Rosane , Wang Ri , Aratangy Tatiana , Khan Bushra , Stergiopoulos Vicky
Published: June 2019

Background:

Recovery education centers (RECs) offer recovery supports through education rather than traditional health services. The Supporting Transitions and Recovery Learning Centre (STAR) in Toronto, Canada, is among the few that are internationally focused on individuals with histories of homelessness. Although research suggests that RECs positively impact participants, there is a paucity of rigorous studies and none address the engagement and impacts on homeless individuals.

Aims:

This protocol describes a realist-informed evaluation of STAR, specifically examining (1) if STAR participation is more effective in promoting 12-month recovery outcomes than participation in usual services for individuals experiencing housing instability and mental health challenges and (2) how STAR participation promotes recovery and other positive outcomes.

Methods:

This study uses a quasi-experimental mixed methods design. Personal empowerment (primary outcome) and recovery, housing stability, social functioning, health service use and quality of life (secondary outcomes) data were collected at baseline, and 6 and 12 months. Intervention group participants were recruited at the time of STAR registration while control group participants were recruited from community agencies serving this population after screening for age and histories of housing instability. Interviews and focus groups with service users and providers will identify the key intervention ingredients that support the process of recovery.

Results:

From January 2017 to July 2018, 92 individuals were recruited to each of the intervention and control groups. The groups were mostly similar at baseline; the intervention group’s total empowerment score was slightly higher than the control group’s ( M ( SD): 2.94 (0.23) vs 2.84 (0.28), p = .02), and so was the level of education. A subset of STAR participants ( n = 20) and nine service providers participated in the qualitative interviews and focus groups.

Conclusion:

This study will offer important new insights into the effectiveness of RECs, and expose how key REC ingredients support the process of recovery for people experiencing housing instability.
Photodegradation of polystyrene/rubber waste blends compatibilized with SBS copolymer
Authors: Luna Carlos Bruno Barreto , Siqueira Danilo Diniz , Araújo Edcleide Maria , Fook Marcus Vinícius Lia
Published: June 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the photooxidative stability of polystyrene/vulcanized rubber waste blends, compatibilized with styrene–butadiene–styrene. High-impact polystyrene (HIPS) was used for comparison. All samples were exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation for 8 weeks and then analyzed for mechanical properties (tensile and impact), infrared spectroscopy, colorimetry, and optical microscopy. It was observed that the mechanical behavior of the photodegraded samples was a consequence of the superficial chemical modification, which was accompanied by defect formation. The most sensitive properties to aging were the impact strength and elongation at break, with HIPS being the least photostable material. The penetration depth of the UV radiation was lower for the core of the blends than for the HIPS. This finding indicated that the protective additives and mineral fillers (titanium dioxide and talc, respectively), which are present in the rubber residue, minimized the transmittance of radiation into the blends. Consequently, losses in the mechanical properties were minimized.
Democracy Assistance for Botswana: Maintaining the Status Quo in a Peripheral Capitalist Country
Authors: Lotshwao Kebapetse , Imre Robert , Jose Jim
Published: June 2019

Given that Botswana is considered a stable democracy, the need for democracy assistance does not at first glance seem necessary. Yet, democracy assistance is an important feature of Botswana’s political regime. The rationale for democracy assistance is couched in terms of strengthening the country’s democratic institutions, enhancing the state’s capacity, and bolstering Botswana’s civil society. However, contrary to these stated objectives, this article reveals that democracy assistance serves the agenda of Western donor countries and certain multilateral institutions—an agenda concerned with keeping Botswana politically stable and its state institutions efficient so that the country is attractive to investors. This agenda is pursued at the cost of not making certain long overdue political reforms.
Balibar, citizenship, and the return of right populism
Authors: Pfeifer Geoff
Published: June 2019

Arendt famously pointed out that only citizenship actually confers rights in the modern world. To be a citizen is to be one who has the ‘right to have rights’. Arendt’s analysis emerges out of her recognition that there is a contradiction between this way of conferring rights as tied to the nation-state system and the more philosophical and ethical conceptions of the ‘rights of man’ and notions of ‘human rights’ like those championed by thinkers such as Immanuel Kant who understands rights belonging universally to all humans as a result of facts having to do with what it means to be human. Étienne Balibar, in his recent work, adds to this by pointing out that there is a contradictory movement between this universalizing tendency in philosophical thought and the production of the citizen-subject out of the exclusionary acts of law and force. In this article, I put Balibar’s work in dialogue with the contemporary moment where we are witnessing the re-emergence of a nativist right populism. I use Balibar to help distinguish between three modes of political existence that we find today. Two of these three are more or less well understood. They are the non-citizen, who has no – or almost no – rights in a given nation-state and the citizen who enjoys the full benefit of the rights a given nation-state has to give. The third category is what I term the ‘nominal citizen’. This last category is somewhere in between full citizenship and non-citizenship. Individuals in this last category have rights in name but are largely unable to exercise them. Understanding this last category can, among other things, help us at least partially make sense of the return of right populism and also help us see the ways in which the modern category of citizenship, with its contradictions as elaborated by Balibar, can provide a means for resistance.
Nonpharmacological Interventions for Depressive Symptoms in End-Stage Renal Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Wen Xin , Wang Yu , Zhao Qiuge , Zhang Hongrui , Shi Huage , Wang Mengmeng , Lu Pingjing
Published: June 2019

Depressive symptoms are common in patients with end-stage renal disease, which can affect treatment and prognosis. We aimed to evaluate the effects of nonpharmacological interventions for depressive symptoms in end-stage renal disease. Eligible studies were identified using PubMed, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and PsycNET (up to March 2019). We identified 24 studies including 1,376 patients. We found that psychological intervention (−0.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [–0.87, –0.33]), exercise (−1.13, 95% CI = [–1.56, –0.69]), and manual acupressure (−0.26, 95% CI = [–0.50, 0.03]) were associated with a significant effect on depressive symptoms. However, few studies reported adverse events, and conclusions about safety should be drawn cautiously. While the available data show that nonpharmacological interventions are potential strategies to alleviate depressive symptoms of patients with end-stage renal disease, recommendation of the most efficacious interventions for this population will require future randomized controlled trials with large-scale, long-term intervention.
Lessons from Experience: A New Look at Performance Management Systems
Authors: Rao T V
Published: June 2019

The concept of performance appraisal has changed over the years. Performance has been usually equated with annual appraisals which measure the entire year's effort of an employee in terms of numbers. This paper points out the flaws in this system and suggests its replacement with the Performance Management Systems (PMS), offering a set of changes to make PMS more effective.

Drawing from his own experiences of designing Integrated HRD systems for various companies, the author stresses upon the importance of understanding the nature, potential, and complexities of performance management systems (PMS). Evaluating an employee�s performance on the basis of numbers assigned by another appraiser without an awareness of the context in which the ratings are assigned could inflict serious injustice to the performer. The outlook has to shift from an annual exercise to the on-going activities. Appraisal focuses on ratings while improvements focus on work, stakeholders, service levels, productivity, motivation effort and all such performance-related variables.

Following changes are suggested in order to improve PMS as a system: Change from ‘Appraisal’ to ‘Management’ and focus on “Contributions and Improvement” Recognize the comprehensiveness of PMS as a system Recognize the complexities of the multi-dimensional PMS Allocate adequate time and legislate the same and if required plan it into the company calendar Take HR managers out of PMS, decentralize and shift PMS to Performance Managers developed from line jobs Make PMS a part of the budgeting process and integrate with other systems of the company Create a new Index—“Performance Index”—for each employee and make it quarterly and annual Use technology to support your work Implement PMS rigorously and give it the seriousness it deserves.

A questionnaire survey on a number of managers from three organizations: an MNC, a family- owned business, and a professionally managed company from abroad clearly indicated the potential use of PMS for performance enhancements and a similarity in the implementation of PMS in all these organizations.

The author discusses how these insights helped him in designing the programme, popularly known as “Invest Twenty and Direct 2,000 to 20,000™.” The line managers and top management are being told that their managers can learn to direct 2,000 hours of their performance time to 20,000 hours of their junior�s performance time by merely investing 20 hours of their time for planning their own and their juniors' work. PMS can be a great tool if designed comprehensively and implemented in all earnestness, the author affirms.
Diabetic Distress Among Diabetic Patients in the Referral Hospital of Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: K. Wolde Abraham , G. Wondim Mebrat
Published: June 2019

The main purpose of this study was to assess the status of diabetic distress among diabetic patients of referral hospitals in Amhara Regional State. Hospital-based cross-sectional survey was conducted on 346 participants. The participants of the study were selected using both probability and nonprobability sampling techniques. The instrument of the study was adapted and contextualized to the Ethiopian context to avoid cultural conflicts, and then it was rated and piloted. Both descriptive and inferential techniques were used to analyze the data. The cut-off for low, moderate, and high distress level was <2, 2–2.9, and ≥3, respectively. From a total of 346 sample patients, 54 (15.6%) had experienced no or little distress (1.54 ± .28), 162 (46.8%) had moderate distress (2.78 ± .82), and 130 (37.6%) had experienced high distress (3.94 ± .62). Statistically significant difference was observed in the level of diabetic distress with respect to age, F(2, 343) = 4.336, p < .05; marital status, F(2, 343) = 4.590, p < .05; educational status, F(5, 340) = 2.831, p < .05; and having habits of planned physical exercise, F(3, 245) = 2.911, p < .05. Statistically significant difference was not observed for sex, smoking habits, an experience of living with diabetics, and occupational status. The result of regression analysis shows that the independent variable altogether accounted for only 4.2% of the variance of diabetic distress. Diabetic distress was a serious psychological problem among diabetic patients in the referral hospitals of Amhara Region.
Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction With Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy for Degenerative and Traumatic Tears in Middle-Aged Patients With No or Mild Osteoarthritis
Authors: Lizaur-Utrilla Alejandro , Miralles-Muñoz Francisco A. , Gonzalez-Parreño Santiago , Lopez-Prats Fernando A.
Published: June 2019

Background:

There is controversy about the benefit of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM) for degenerative lesions in middle-aged patients.

Purpose:

To compare satisfaction with APM between middle-aged patients with no or mild knee osteoarthritis (OA) and a degenerative meniscal tear and those with a traumatic tear.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Methods:

A comparative prospective study at 5 years of middle-aged patients (45-60 years old) with no or mild OA undergoing APM for degenerative (n = 115) or traumatic (n = 143) tears was conducted. Patient satisfaction was measured by a 5-point Likert scale and functional outcomes by the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to identify factors correlating with patient-reported satisfaction at 5 years postoperatively.

Results:

Baseline patient characteristics were not different between groups. At the 5-year evaluation, the satisfaction rate in the traumatic and degenerative groups was 68.5% versus 71.3%, respectively ( P = .365). Patient satisfaction was significantly associated with functional outcomes ( r = 0.69; P = .024). In the degenerative group, 43 patients (37.4%) had OA progression to Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade 2 or 3, but only 24 patients (20.8%) had a symptomatic knee at final follow-up. Multivariate regression analysis for patient dissatisfaction at 5-year follow-up showed the following significant independent factors: female sex (odds ratio [OR], 1.6 [95% CI, 1.1-2.3]; P = .018), body mass index >30 kg/m2 (OR, 2.6 [95% CI, 1.7-4.9]; P = .035), lateral meniscal tears (OR, 0.6 [95% CI, 0.1-0.9]; P = .039), and OA progression to K-L grade ≥2 at final follow-up (OR, 1.4 [95% CI, 1.2-2.6]; P = .014). At the final evaluation, there were no significant differences between groups in pain scores ( P = .648), WOMAC scores ( P = .083), or KOOS-4 scores ( P = .187). Likewise, there were no significant differences in the KOOS subscores for Pain ( P = .144), Symptoms ( P = .097), or Sports/Recreation ( P = .150). Although the degenerative group had significantly higher subscores for Activities of Daily Living ( P = .001) and Quality of Life ( P = .004), the differences were considered not clinically meaningful.

Conclusion:

There were no meaningful differences in patient satisfaction or clinical outcomes between patients with traumatic and degenerative tears and no or mild OA. Predictors of dissatisfaction with APM were female sex, obesity, and lateral meniscal tears. Our findings suggested that APM was an effective medium-term option to relieve pain and recover function in middle-aged patients with degenerative meniscal tears, without obvious OA, and with failed prior physical therapy.
Lateral Meniscal Allograft Transplantation With Bone Block and Suture-Only Techniques Partially Restores Knee Kinematics and Forces
Authors: Novaretti João V. , Lian Jayson , Sheean Andrew J. , Chan Calvin K. , Wang Joon H. , Cohen Moises , Debski Richard E. , Musahl Volker
Published: June 2019

Background:

The ability of lateral meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) to improve knee stability and the meniscal load-bearing function in patients after meniscectomy is critical for surgical success.

Purpose:

To compare the effects of 2 lateral MAT fixation techniques—bone block and suture only—on knee kinematics and forces.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

With a robotic testing system, loads were applied during flexion on 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees: 134-N anterior tibial load + 200-N axial compression, 5-N·m internal tibial + 5-N·m valgus torques, and 5-N·m external tibial + 5-N·m valgus torques. Kinematic data were recorded for 4 knee states: intact, total lateral meniscectomy, lateral MAT bone block, and lateral MAT suture-only fixation. In situ force in the anterior cruciate ligament and resultant forces in the lateral meniscus and in the meniscal allograft were quantified via the principle of superposition. A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze variations in kinematics and forces at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion. Significance was set at P < .05.

Results:

When anterior loads were applied, a decrease in medial translation of the tibia that was increased after total lateral meniscectomy was observed at 30°, 60°, and 90° of knee flexion for both the lateral MAT bone block (54.2%, 48.0%, and 50.0%) and the MAT suture-only (50.0%, 40.0%, and 34.6%) fixation techniques ( P < .05). Yet, most of the increases in knee kinematics after lateral meniscectomy were not significantly reduced by either lateral MAT technique ( P > .05 for each MAT technique vs the total lateral meniscectomy state). Resultant forces in the meniscal allograft were 50% to 60% of the resultant forces in the intact lateral meniscus in response to all loading conditions at all flexion angles ( P < .05). Overall, no significant differences between lateral MAT techniques were observed regarding kinematics and forces ( P > .05).

Conclusion:

Lateral MAT partially restored medial translation of the tibia, and the resultant forces in the meniscal allograft were only 50% to 60% of the intact lateral meniscus forces in the cadaver model. In the majority of testing conditions, no significant changes of the in situ force in the anterior cruciate ligament were observed. Surgeons should consider the potential benefits of lateral MAT when deciding the appropriate treatment for symptomatic patients after lateral meniscectomies. Both lateral MAT techniques functioned similarly.

Clinical Relevance:

The load-bearing function of the meniscal allograft observed in this study may be beneficial in ameliorating the short- and long-term disability associated with lateral meniscal deficiency.
Differential Effects of the Targeted Reading Intervention for Students With Low Phonological Awareness and/or Vocabulary
Authors: Bratsch-Hines Mary , Vernon-Feagans Lynne , Pedonti Sarah , Varghese Cheryl
Published: June 2019

Students most at risk for reading-related disabilities frequently struggle with word recognition and oral language, including, in the earliest grades, specific skills related to phonological awareness and vocabulary. Classroom teachers’ delivery of high-quality differentiated supplemental instruction may promote reading acquisition for these students. The current study examined whether the Targeted Reading Intervention, a webcam-coaching literacy professional development program for kindergarten and first grade classroom teachers, was more effective in producing reading gains for students who had the lowest scores on fall measures of phonological awareness and/or vocabulary as compared with students with higher scores. Findings revealed that students who participated in the Targeted Reading Intervention and who scored lowest on the fall vocabulary measure had the highest scores on spring decoding measures.
Diffusion of the Ethical Philosophy of Good Governance at the National Oil Company of South Africa
Authors: Albertus Rene Winifred
Published: June 2019

This article seeks to examine challenges affecting the ethical philosophy of senior management at South Africa’s national oil and gas company. South Africa’s economy has been downgraded to junk status due to mismanagement of public funds in public enterprises. Government parastatals have come under major scrutiny in recent years for transgressing the code of good conduct prescribed by the King Report. The article presents a conceptual exploration of corporate governance challenges and is underpinned by diffusion of responsibility and moral hypocrisy which has roots in social psychology. Social psychology can be used as an overlap for strategy and institutional concepts, which encourages new ways of addressing corporate responsibility. The research reveals the impact on state enterprises financial stability when senior management diffuses responsibility and is not prosecuted or held accountable under the constitutional Act 108 of 1996. The article highlights one of the many corporate responsibility transgressions by state-owned enterprises who should be responsible for building the economy rather than destroying public value.
USA, China and Global Leadership: Analysis in the Perspective of Conceptualisation
Authors: Sun Xihui
Published: June 2019

In recent years, the Trump administration, embracing the principle of ‘America First’, adopts protectionism, doubts climate change and withdraws from many multilateral regimes in fields of trade, security, politics and global governance, while China firmly supports economic globalisation and free trade, adheres to peaceful development and advocates cooperation, openness, inclusiveness and mutual benefits. In these circumstances, there appears a heated debate on the shift of global leadership in academia and media, focusing on China. Beginning with summing up typical opinions about the issue of global leadership concerning the USA and China, the author conceptualises ‘global leadership’, analyses the nature and state of USA’s global leadership, discusses the Trump administration’s foreign policies and USA’s global leadership and comments China’s views and policies concerning global leadership.   This article primarily argues that leadership, unlike hegemony, is not a zero-sum relationship, and there may be more than one country harmoniously and complementarily exerting leading roles in global affairs. Only by clearly differentiating hegemony and leadership can great powers better deal with their relations.
China’s Policy on Science and Technology: Implications for the Next Industrial Transition
Authors: Agarwala Nitin , Chaudhary Rana Divyank
Published: June 2019

Since the formation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Science and Technology (S&T) has been the focus area for Chinese economic development. However, little was known about China’s scientific mission, working and policies till the end of 1978. Based on the studies and the developments made, one can say that China’s S&T policy has evolved through four phases. The first phase (1949–1959) supported the development of heavy industries along the Soviet lines; the second phase (1959–1976) witnessed economic stagnation and ideological domination of technology projects; the third phase (1976–2001) focused on market-driven and product-driven research and now in her fourth phase of S&T development, since 2002, China has aimed to develop high technology industries and the nascent clean-energy or green technology with a focus on innovation.

These policy changes entirely reformed the way China’s industrial enterprises are being managed today as compared to earlier years. However, some thinkers do not consider these reforms as sweeping or successful. In order to better appreciate the implications of the S&T policy in China’s industrial transition, the article analyses the role and effects of the policy that has assisted in enhancing the country’s S&T strength and improving the competitiveness, while supporting its economic and social development.
Post-Traumatic Growth, Dissociation, and Sexual Revictimization in Female Childhood Sexual Abuse Survivors
Authors: Lahav Yael , Ginzburg Karni , Spiegel David
Published: June 2019

Background:

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) survivors are at high risk of sexual revictimization. At the same time, some survivors report positive transformations resulting from the traumatic experience, a phenomenon known as post-traumatic growth (PTG). Although one might expect PTG to be related to reduced risk of revictimization, the link between PTG and revictimization has not been investigated. Furthermore, mixed findings regarding the associations between PTG and distress imply that the effects of PTG are multifaceted. One potential explanation may be that dissociation shapes the implications of PTG, making it more like denial than adaptive processing of traumatic experience. This longitudinal study explores (a) the associations between PTG and sexual revictimization and (b) the moderating role of dissociation within the associations between PTG and revictimization.

Method:

Participants were 111 female CSA survivors who participated in a 6-month efficacy trial evaluating the effectiveness of group psychotherapy for CSA survivors with HIV risk factors.

Results:

Dissociation moderated the associations between PTG and revictimization: Whereas PTG had nonsignificant effects on revictimization in participants with low dissociation, it predicted elevated levels of revictimization in participants with high dissociation.

Conclusions:

Reports of PTG among some CSA survivors might mirror dissociative beliefs that increase their risk of revictimization.
Development and Psychometric Properties of the Detection of Sexual Abuse Risk Screening Scale (DSARss)
Authors: Gil-Llario María Dolores , Ballester-Arnal Rafael , Morell-Mengual Vicente , Caballero-Gascón Lorena , Castro-Calvo Jesús
Published: June 2019

People with intellectual disability (ID) are more vulnerable to being victims of sexual abuse (SA) because, in most cases, they are not able to detect the warning signs that abuse could occur. However, there is a lack of appropriate assessment tools to determine their vulnerability. To address this limitation, the current study tests the psychometric properties of the Detection of Sexual Abuse Risk Screening Scale (DSARss), a new scale developed to assess the ability of individuals with mild or moderate ID to detect the risk of SA. In all, 246 individuals with mild or moderate ID (55.3% males) completed the DSARss, along with other scales assessing related dimensions (e.g., psychopathological symptoms, quality of live). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) yielded a four-factor structure explaining 65.34% of the total variance in the DSARss. Two independent EFAs in males and females were also performed to confirm the suitability of this four-factor structure according to gender. The reliability of the total score and subscales ranged between .70 and .93. Likewise, correlations with other related scales were positive and significant. Temporal stability 6 months after the first application was .47. Finally, we explored the criterion-related validity of the DSARss across different SA indicators. These results, along with the absence of sound questionnaires to assess the risk of SA in people with ID, justify the use of the DSARss to assess this construct in both men and women.
On the Nature of Corporate Sustainability
Authors: Meuer Johannes , Koelbel Julian , Hoffmann Volker H.
Published: June 2019

Scholarly and managerial interest in corporate sustainability has increased significantly in the past two decades. However, the field is increasingly criticized for failing to effectively contribute to sustainable development and for its limited impact on managerial practice. We argue that this criticism arises due to a fundamental ambiguity around the nature of corporate sustainability. To address the lack of concept clarity, we conduct a systematic literature review and identify 33 definitions of corporate sustainability. Adopting the Aristotelian perspective on definitions, one that promotes reducing concepts to their essential attributes, we discern four components of corporate sustainability. These components offer a conceptual space of inquiry that, while being parsimonious, offers nuanced understanding of the dimensions along which definitions of corporate sustainability differ. We discuss implications for research and practice and outline several recommendations for how advancements in construct clarity may lead to a better scholarly understanding of corporate sustainability.
Music as a pedagogic tool and co-teacher in African dances: Dissecting the reflections and practices of teachers of cultural heritage dances in Uganda
Authors: Mabingo Alfdaniels
Published: June 2019

The subject of the inseparability of music and dance in African artistic experiences has preoccupied scholars and researchers in the field of ethnomusicology, ethnochoreology, and musicology. Commonly, music is conceptualized as an accompaniment to dance. Moreover, the existing literary perspectives frame the inseparability of music and dance in African communities in aesthetical, structural, functional, and semiotic terms. This article provides an intellectual excursion that locates music as pedagogy of dances in African practices. It offers a critical examination of how teachers of cultural heritage dances in nonacademic environments in central Uganda engage music as a pedagogic aid. I draw on the idea of choreomusicology and social learning theories to locate the place of music in dance not just as an accompaniment, but also as a teaching and learning aid. A total of eight dance teachers were engaged through storytelling, interviews, and inquisitorial observation for a period of nine months to elicit their reflections on and interpretations of application of music as a pedagogic stimulus in teaching cultural heritage dances. The findings revealed that elements of music such as songs, mnemonics, instrumental sounds, body percussion, and drum rhythms are key drivers in guiding and framing the teaching and learning processes of the dances. Through music, the dance teachers provoke learners to individually and communally embody, experience, question, abstract, experiment with, concretize, and conceptualize kinesthetic and historicized movement knowledge and skills of the dances. Music scaffolds and staircases learners into kinesthetic journeys of embodied knowing, experiential agency, constructive thinking, creative and reflective imagination, socialized connectivity, and corporeal action. The article provides insights into how music and dance practitioners in Western and non-Western traditions can leverage music to facilitate holistic pedagogic and creative processes of dance.
Self-reported motivations for offending by autistic sexual offenders
Authors: Payne Katy-Louise , Maras Katie , Russell Ailsa J , Brosnan Mark J
Published: June 2019

Autism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder estimated to have elevated prevalence in forensic populations (approximately 4.5%). It has been suggested that offenders with autism spectrum disorder engage more frequently in crimes against the person and sexual offences than other types of offences such as property, driving and drug offences. To date little is empirically known about the reasons why autistic individuals engage in sexual offences, yet understanding the motivation(s) for offending are key to developing and implementing effective interventions to help reduce both initial offending and also re-offending. In this study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine autistic sexual offenders in prisons and probation services across England and Wales. Thematic analyses revealed five main themes (social difficulties, misunderstanding, sex and relationship deficits, inadequate control and disequilibrium). Analyses indicated that social skills difficulties, lack of perspective/weak central coherence, misunderstanding the seriousness of their behaviours and a lack of appropriate relationships were the main reasons for offending reported by this group of autistic sexual offenders. Findings highlight a need to develop sex and relationship education interventions which are tailored to the needs of autistic individuals, to address both their reported reasons for offending and their reported lack of sexual knowledge and awareness.
Persistent Hypoglossal Artery: Challenges Associated With Carotid Revascularization
Authors: Madden Nicholas J. , Calligaro Keith D. , Dougherty Matthew J. , Maloni Krystal , Troutman Douglas A.
Published: June 2019

Anomalous connections between the anterior and posterior cranial circulation are rare embryologic entities. A persistent hypoglossal artery has a reported incidence of 0.03% to 0.09% and has been linked to intracranial aneurysms, atherosclerosis, and posterior circulation ischemia. Identification of this anomaly is essential prior to carotid artery revascularization given the technical challenges and added risks with intervention. We report a case of an 80-year-old female with progression of carotid stenosis in the setting of a persistent hypoglossal artery. We provide a review of the literature and discuss the technical challenges of carotid revascularization in this patient.