bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Os ritmos do baião fonográfico de Luiz Gonzaga
Authors: Maia Marcos Da Silva , Nascimento Hermilson Garcia do
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste trabalho é desvelar o ritmo do baião, identificando sua caracterização instrumental e rítmica a partir de fonogramas selecionados da obra de Luiz Gonzaga, considerado o criador desse gênero fonográfico da música popular brasileira. Para o estudo, compõem o método: a escuta repetida de gravações dos baiões de Gonzaga, o uso de conversores e editores de áudio para aprimorar a qualidade da escuta, além da edição de partituras das transcrições para fundamentar análises e apontamentos, concernentes ao tecido rítmico. O ritmo do baião é geralmente reduzido a (e representado por) uma célula considerada por vários autores como “padrão”. Um rigoroso exame da fonografia revela que as gravações dos baiões de Luiz Gonzaga, quanto ao aspecto rítmico do acompanhamento, apresentam variedade de padrões nas execuções dos instrumentos que integram os grupos musicais. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstram não haver somente um “padrão básico”, “pulsação básica" ou “levada padrão”, como referido na literatura musical. O baião fonográfico de Luiz Gonzaga configura uma pluralidade de padrões executados em conjunto, gerando resultantes rítmicas diversas, que por esse viés perfilam o gênero de um modo muito mais amplo. Visto assim, o baião constitui-se desde o início em ambiente propício para o surgimento de hibridismos e fusões.
KALKINMA PERSPEKTİFİNDEN TÜRKİYE-AVRUPA ÜLKELERİ GÖÇ KORİDORU ANALİZİ
Authors: ZÜLFİKAR SAVCI Berna Şafak , ERGÖÇMEN A. Banu
Published: December 2019

Türkiye uzun yıllara dayanan göç deneyimine sahip bir ülke olmakla birlikte, emek göçünün 1960’lı yıllarla birlikte belirginleştiği görülür. Avrupa ülkelerinin demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik koşulları nedeniyle oluşan işgücü talepleri önce Güney Avrupa ülkelerinden, daha sonra da Türkiye gibi komşu ülkelerden karşılanmıştır. Avrupa ülkeleri ile imzalanan işgücü anlaşmaları neticesinde Türkiye-Avrupa ülkeleri göç koridoru oluşmuştur. Türkiye bu süreçte gelişmişlik açısından da bir dönüşüm içerisindedir. Bu çalışma literatürde yer alan birçok çalışmadan farklı olarak Türkiye-Avrupa ülkeleri göç ilişkisini ampirik olarak incelerken göçün çok boyutlu yapısına uygun olacak şekilde göç kalkınma ilişkisini analiz etmiştir. Çalışma, 1960 ve 2010 yılları arasında Türkiye’den Avrupa ülkelerine yapılmış olan emek göçü ile kalkınma düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada, Türkiye ve Avrupa ülkeleri kalkınma seviyeleri ile bu ülkelere göç eden göçmen stoku arasında ters U eğrisi şeklinde olduğu iddia edilen ilişki, panel veri analizi ile test edilmiştir. Eğer Türkiye ve Avrupa ülkelerinin gelişmişlik düzeyleri arasındaki fark artarsa göçün belirli bir seviyeye kadar önce arttığı daha sonra azalmaya başladığı tespit edilmiştir
Post-partum Hemorrhage and Anemia as its Modifiable Risk Factor: A Literature Review
Authors: Anggraeni Mekar Dwi , Setiyani Rahmi , Setiawati Nina
Published: December 2019

Maternal mortality is an indicator of a country’s health status. Postpartum hemorrhage is the main cause of maternal mortality. Understanding the postpartum hemorrhage risk factors useful to develop strategy in order to reduce maternal mortality. The aim of this study was to find modifiable postpartum hemorrhage's risk factors. This study used 6 steps which include formulating the research questions and objectives, searching the extant literature, screening for inclusion, assessing the quality of primary studies, extracting data, and analyzing data. The article was searched from Google Scholar and NCBI databases using bilingual keywords: "faktor-faktor, perdarahan postpartum, risk factors, and postpartum hemorrhage". There were 1736 papers founded and only 14 articles met the inclusion criteria and included in the analysis. The review revealed that anemia, age, parity, birth passage laceration, obstetric history, multiple pregnancy, placental retention, prolonged labor, atonia uteri, pre-eclampsia, pregnancy induced hypertension, section caesarian, placental complication, history of post-partum hemorrhage, episiotomy, high neonatal birth weight. Anemia is the only modifiable risk factor which may be prevented by nurses. 
FEMINISME NOVEL KENANGA KARYA OKA RUSMINI: KAJIAN KERELEVANSIAN DENGAN PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Satriyani Linggar Dyah , Suyitno Suyitno , Ulya Chafit
Published: December 2019

The aims of this research is to describe and to explain: (1) the structure of the novel Kenanga by Oka Rusmini; (2) the form of the gender inequity that happen with the women characteristic in novel Kenanga by Oka Rusmini; (3) the form of the culture rebellion of women characteristic in novel Kenanga by Oka Rusmini; (4) the relevancies of novel Kenanga by Oka Rusmini as bahasa Indonesia teaching materials in SMA. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. Technique of data validity was using triangulation methode. Technique of data analysis was using flow analysis. The result of the study show that: (1) the structure of the novel Kenanga by Oka Rusmini contains theme, plot, figures, setting, and moral value; (2) the form of the gender inequity in novel Kenanga by Oka Rusmini is in the form of determining and choosing women’s life that it is belief not equitable; (3) the form of the culture rebellion by women characteristic in novel Kenanga by Oka Rusmini is the desire to live freely without any rules of the tradition and culture; (5) there is relevance of the novel Kenanga by Oka Rusmini as bahasa Indonesia teaching materials in SMA.
NOVEL JOKOWI SI TUKANG KAYU KARYA GATOTKOCO SUROSO SEBAGAI MATERI AJAR APRESIASI SASTRA DI SMA: KAJIAN PSIKOLOGI SASTRA DAN NILAI KARAKTER
Authors: Handarini Inung , Saddhono Kundharu , Anindyarini Atikah
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this research is to describe and explain: (1) the characterization of the figures in the novel Jokowi Si Tukang Kayu by Gatotkoco Suroso, (2) the inner conflict experienced by the main figure, (3) the values of character education in the novel Jokowi Si Tukang Kayu by Gatotkoco Suroso, (4) the relevance of the values of character education as teaching materials of literature appreciation in senior high school. This research is a descriptive qualitative research which used pscychology literature. The technique of data analysis used was interactive analysis technique. The result of this research showed that the characterization of the figures in the novel Jokowi Si Tukang Kayu by Gatotkoco Suroso are described through three dimensions, dimension of psysiological, psychological, and sociological. Novel Jokowi Si Tukang Kayu also contained 18 values of character education, that are religious, honest, tolerance, discipline, hardwork, creative, independent, democratic, curiosity, spirit of nationality, love the motherland, appreciating achievement, friendly/ communicative, love and peace, loving to read, care for the environtment, social care, and responsibility. Novel Jokowi Si Tukang Kayu is relevant to be used as teaching materials of literature appreciation in senior high school at class XII.
ASPEK GRAMATIKAL NOVEL HUJAN KARYA TERE LIYE DAN RELEVANSINYA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH ATAS
Authors: Kurniawati Aprilia , Suyitno Suyitno , Mulyono Slamet
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study is to describe (1) the grammatical aspects contained in Tere Liye's novel "Rain" and (2) the grammatical aspect of Tere Liye's novel "Rain" which can be used as a learning material in High School XII class. This research includes qualitative research with the main data source is Tere Liye's novel "Rain" by 2017. The characteristic of the novel "Rain" is simple, both simple in the use of language, and simple in the story presented. Sampling technique of this research using purposive sampling. Data analysis technique used is discourse analysis model according to text and context. The results of this study indicate that Tere Liye's novel "Rain" uses the appropriate grammatical aspects so as to form a unified discourse. Grammatical aspects used include references, substitutions, ellipsis and conjunctions. The discourse of "Rain" by Tere Liye has relevance as a novel teaching material at High School because the discourse is presented in simple language and featuring a light storyline.
PERAN MAJAS SARKASME DAN NILAI PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM PUISI MENCARI TANAH LAPANG KARYA WIJI THUKUL DAN RELEVANSINYA DENGAN PENGAJARAN SASTRA DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Hartavi Andromeda Nova , Suwandi Sarwiji , Hastuti Sri
Published: December 2019

This research aims to describe and explain the role of sarcasm, the value of character education in the collection of poetry Mencari Tanah Lapang by Wiji Thukul, and the relevance the role of sarcasm and the value of character education in the collection of poetry Mencari Tanah Lapang by Wiji Thukul on the teaching of literature in universities. Technique of subject sampling is purposive sampling. Data collection techniques used are document analysis and interviews. The validity of data in this study is done by using critical discourse analysis techniques. The results of this research are: (1) there are 62 sarcasm in the collection of poetry Mencari Tanah Lapang that serve as satirical of rules, satire of politics, satire of development, satire of education, satire of social inequality, and satire world health; (2)  the value of character education contained in the collection of poetry Mencari Tanah Lapang is religious values, honesty, tolerance, hard work, democracy, reading, and social care;(3) the role of sarcasm majors and the value of character education contained in the collection of poetry Mencari Tanah Lapang can be used as a literary teaching material with the subject of poetry in the study program of Indonesian literature.
WORKSHOP PENYUSUNAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INGGRIS BAGI INSTRUKTUR LEMBAGA KURSUS NON FORMAL
Authors: Dewi Nita Sari Narulita
Published: December 2019

Tujuan dari program workshop penyusunan perangkat pembelajaran bahasa Inggris ini adalah membantu memecahkan masalah yang dihadapi oleh lembaga kursus bahasa Inggris Non formal, English Camp Cipta Guna di Cihaurbeuti-Ciamis dan PKBM Gema di Tawang-Tasikmalaya yaitu, rendahnya kemampuan instruktur dalam menyusun silabus dan mengembangkan bahan ajar yang menarik dan efektif, disamping kemampuan pedagogic. Metode workshop dipilih sebagai solusi tepat dalam memecahkan masalah tersebut. Peserta mengikuti kegiatan yang mencakup kegiatan penyusunan silabus, pengembangan materi ajar, dan micro teaching. 15 instruktur yang berasal dari dua lembaga kursus bahasa Inggris mengikuti kegiatan workshop dan mereka terlibat secara langsung dan aktif mulai dari tahapan perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan evaluasi. Capaian dari program ini adalah meningkatnya pengetahuan dan kemampuan peserta dalam penyusunan silabus yang dibuktikan dengan kualitas silabus yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan kemampuan peserta didik; peserta secara mandiri dapat membuat materi ajar yang menarik yang sesuai dengan kompetensi yang telah ditetapkan dalam silabus; kemampuan pedagogic peserta lebih baik yang dibuktikan dengan pemahaman mereka yang lebih baik dalam prinsip pengajaran bahasa kedua, metode atau teknik pengajaran dan penilaian. Hasil dari program ini diharapkan pula dapat menginspirasi lembaga sejenis dan memberikan kontribusi terhadappengembangan praktek-praktek pengajaran bahasa Inggris yang menggunakan metode English language immersion.
PENGOLAHAN HASIL PERKEBUNAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DESA WOLOGAI TENGAH KECAMATAN DETUSOKO KABUPATEN ENDE
Authors: Priska Melania , Peni Natalia , Carvallo Ludovicus
Published: December 2019

Program KKN-PPM bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, ketrampilan, dan ekonomi masyarakat desa Wologai Tengah tentang pengolahan buah kopi dan kemiri menjadi kopi jahe dan minyak kemiri yang bernilai jual tinggi. Adapun metode pelaksanaan program KKN-PPM ini adalah berupa workshop pada aspek teknis maupun manajemen dan pemasarannya, dalam bentuk: workshop pembuatan kopi jahe dan minyak kemiri; workshop enterpreuner motivation;  workshop manajemen home industry dan pemasaran hasil produksi. Dari kegiatan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa workshop dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan masyarakat. Selain itu, masyarakat juga dapat berwirausaha secara home industry kopi jahe dan minyak kemiri sebagai buah tangan khas desa Wologai Tengah. Hasil dari home industry kopi jahe dan minyak kemiri dapat meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat dan membuka lapangan pekerjaan bagi masyarakat desa Wologai Tengah.
ART THERAPY BENCANA SEBAGAI UPAYA PENANGANAN TRAUMA ANAK PASCA GEMPA LOMBOK
Authors: Aulia Fitri
Published: December 2019

This activity aims to treat psychologically the victims of earthquakes in Lombok which occurred in mid-2018. The targets were chosen based on the location of the earthquake affected in severe status, namely in SDN 1 Sembalun. Children become important victims to be given care so as not to experience prolonged trauma. Art Therapy is the right method to be applied to children. The disaster art therapy carried out in this activity is, (1) Free drawing on the clouds. (2) Drawing feelings. (3) Free writing techniques. (4) Free storytelling techniques. Based on the results of the evaluation of activities it was found that children became calmer. It is expected that through this activity elementary teachers are able to have skills in overcoming students' anxiety and trauma in the event of aftershocks. First, post-earthquake trauma in children is easy to return to if aftershocks occur. Secondly, a continuous psychological assistance program is needed from all teachers and the community. Third, it is necessary to improve physical facilities and play environments in the community and schools.
Feeding behaviour and reproductive biology of the shrimp scad Alepes djedaba(Forsskal, 1775) off Cochin coast, Kerala, south India
Authors: Sajana N. , Bijoy Nandan S. , Radhakrishnan C. K.
Published: December 2019

Food and feeding habits, sex ratio, spawning behaviour, size at first maturity, fecundity and ova diameter of the shrimp scad Alepes djedaba (Forsskal, 1775) exploited off Cochin coast, Kerala are presented in this study. A. djedabat is a pelagic carnivore, with a preference for fishes. Low gastrosomatic index (GaSI) values and very low feeding intensity during spawning season indicated poor feeding behaviour during the period. The sex ratio did not deviate from the expected 1:1 ratio. Size at first maturity was estimated to be193 mm for male and 174 mm for female. Monthly gonadosomatic index (GSI) values, monthly distribution of gonadal maturation stages and ova diameter revealed that the species had a prolonged breeding season from June to September with a peak in July. Estimated absolute fecundity was 59,744 to 3,30,190 with an average of 1,94,965 eggs.
Change in fishing performance of tubular pot for conger eels according to the angle of inclination to seabed
Authors: Kim Seonghun , Kim Pyungkwan , Jeong Seongjae , Jeong Seongjae , Lee Kyounghoon , Oh Wooseok
Published: December 2019

An experiment was conducted to investigate the fishing performance of tubular pots for conger eel in South Korea according to the inclination angle on the seabed. The experiment was conducted in a water tank by setting the angle of the tubular pot at 0°, 15°, 30°, 45° and 60° with respect to the bottom level. When the landing angle of the pot was relatively low, conger eels searched for the bait and focused on where the bait smell was being released. Subsequently, conger eels entered the pot. Thus, for catching conger eels, it is advantageous for the bait to be placed at the entrance side while installing the pot. The highest fishing performance in terms of catch per unit effort (CPUE) was at an inclination angle of 15°. There was a significant difference between the CPUEs and the landing angle (Kruskal-Wallis test, p = 0.009). The results of this study could be used to improve the efficiency of tubular pot operations for conger eels.
Philippines Diagnostic Pathology Laboratory Benchmarking
Authors: Badrick Tony , Habijanic Jozica , Mah Sam Yew , Arcellana-Nuqui Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

Introduction To ensure continuous quality improvement, laboratories need to obtain data about best practice from peers. Data about analytical EQA is available but far less is available about other important aspects of laboratory performance. There is a Roche Diagnostics Survey of laboratories which provides benchmarking in key areas of laboratory performance.Methodology The Roche Diagnostics Survey included 1058 laboratories from 14 countries in the Asia Pacific Region with both developing and developed nations. The data were collected in 2017 but the survey has been collecting data each second year since 2011. Data was collected in the areas of quality, speed and cost.Results The results for the Philippines was compared with other countries in the Asia Pacific Region. Broadly it was found that 42% of all laboratories in the Region were accredited to ISO 15189 or ISO 9001 and that 50% of laboratories were in an External Quality Assurance (EQA) program. Compared to other countries in the survey, the Philippines laboratories had fewer sites with ISO 15189 and with Lean Six Sigma improvement deployment. There are six laboratories in the Philippines that are accredited to ISO 15189. There was a greater emphasis on customer satisfaction related Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) such as turnaround time monitoring, cost reduction and employee productivity.Conclusion Benchmarking can highlight the differences in the apparent quality of laboratory services compared to their peers and may lead to improvement. The benchmarking comparison has identified opportunities for Philippine laboratories to improve including obtaining ISO 15189 accreditation, implementing laboratory information systems and concentrating on Lean practices to improve productivity. The Roche scheme provides an ongoing (growing) large sample of benchmarks that can be used by participants to improve their performance and the performance of individual countries.
Gastric Pyloric Gland Adenoma
Authors: Elomina Kevin , De Guzman Jr. Ignacio
Published: December 2019

Pyloric gland adenoma (PGA) is a rare neoplasm with definite malignant potential that is difficult to recognize because of its characteristically bland histology. We present a case of a 74-year old female with chronic, intermittent symptoms referable to gastroesophageal reflux, bloatedness, and frequent flatus, with family history of gastric cancer. Initial endoscopy was done and biopsy revealed an inflammatory pseudopolyp. After six months, repeat endoscopy showed multiple polyps at the cardia, and biopsy of one of the visualized polyps was done. Microscopic sections of the polyp show a neoplasm composed of discrete glands lined by simple cuboidal to columnar epithelial cells with amphophilic to eosinophilic cytoplasm without apical mucin caps, and mild nuclear atypia. Mild epithelial stratification is noted in some of the glands. PAS staining showed granular, cytoplasmic staining in tumor cells. Immunohistochemical staining with P53 showed focal, weak, nuclear staining in tumor cells. Staining with Ki67, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6 were not done because the tissue had already been exhausted. The diagnosis of PGA with low-grade dysplasia has been made. The patient is apparently well, and is advised surveillance endoscopy at six-month intervals. PGA may be diagnosed in a limited resource setting, through thorough histologic examination, and use of special histochemical stains.
Positive selection alone is sufficient for whole genome differentiation at the early stage of speciation process in the fall armyworm
Authors: NAM Kiwoong , Nhim Sandra , Robin Stéphanie , Bretaudeau Anthony , Nègre Nicolas , d'Alençon Emmanuelle
Published: December 2019

Background: The process of speciation inherently involves the transition from genetic to genomic differentiation. In the absence of a geographic barrier, the whole genome differentiation may occur only when the homogenizing effect of recombination is overcome across the whole genome. The fall armyworm is observed as two sympatric strains with different host-plant preferences across the entire habitat. These two strains exhibit a very low level of genetic differentiation across the whole genome, suggesting that whole genome differentiation occurred at an early stage of speciation. In this study, we aim at identifying critical evolutionary forces responsible for the whole genome differentiation in the fall armyworm. Results: We found that these two strains exhibit a low level of genomic differentiation (Fst = 0.0176), while 91.3% of 10kb windows have genetically differentiated sequences (Fst > 0). We observed that a genomic reduction in migration rate due to combined effects of mild positive selection and genetic linkages to selectively targeted loci are responsible for the whole genome differentiation. Phylogenetic analysis shows that positive selection generates the whole genome differentiation by sub-setting of variants in one strain from the other. Conclusions: From these results, we concluded that positive selection alone is sufficient for whole genome differentiation during the process of speciation. This study demonstrates that the propensity of adaptation alone determines the speciation events, suggesting that adaptive evolution is a single critical driving force for species diversity.
Risk and Protective Factors Associated Mental Health among Female Military Veterans: Results from the Veterans’ Health Study
Authors: Adams Richard , Hu Yirui , Figley Charles R. , Urosevich Thomas G. , Hoffman Stuart N. , Kirchner H. Lester , Dugan Ryan J. , Boscarino Joseph J. , Withey Carrie A. , Boscarino Joseph A.
Published: December 2019

Background: This study focuses on factors that may affect female veterans’ mental health, compared to men, and is part of a large study assessing the prevalence of mental health disorders and treatment seeking among formerly deployed US military service members. Methods: We surveyed a random sample of 1,730 veterans who were patients in a large non-VA hospital system in the US. Based on previous research, women were hypothesized to be at higher risk for psychological problems. We adjusted our models for confounding factors, including history of childhood abuse, combat exposure, stressful life events, alcohol misuse, psychological resources, and social support. Results: Among the veterans studied, 5% (N=85) were female, 96% were White, 22.9% were Iraq/Afghanistan veterans, and the mean age was 59 years old. Compared to males, female veterans were younger, unmarried, college graduates, have less combat exposure, but more likely to have lifetime PTSD (29% vs. 12%.), lifetime depression (46% vs. 21%), and lifetime suicide ideation (27% vs. 11%). Females were more likely to have low psychological resilience and use psychotropic medicines and psychiatric services in the past year. Using multivariate logistic regression analyses that controlled for risk and protective factors, female veterans had greater risk for lifetime PTSD, lifetime depression, and lifetime suicidal thoughts, compared to men. Since the 95% of the population in this study were men and these results may have been statistically biased, we reran our analyses using propensity score matching. The results were the same. Conclusion: Using a sample of post-deployment veterans receiving services from a non-VA healthcare system, we find that female veterans are at greater risk for lifetime psychological problems, compared to male veterans. We discuss these findings and their implications for service providers.
Evaluation of three different vectors on human iLRP expression in Escherichia coli
Authors: Liu Bainan , Zhang Dong , Yan Lingli , Zhou Ming
Published: December 2019

Background: iLRP (immature laminin receptor protein) is a tumor associated antigen over-expressed on the surface of most human cancer cells and plays an important role in the process of tumorigenesis and development. It has strong auto-immunogenicity in patients and is a good target protein for tumor immunotherapy. The aim of this study is to find a practical and an efficient method for the production of recombinant iLRP, and to provide enough recombinant protein for further study of its potential applications.Results: In this report, three different expression vectors based on pET-30a(+) from pET expression systems were constructed. The first one is to add a 6xHis-Tag to the N-terminal of natural iLRP, which is called as pET-His-iLRP. The second one is to include an S-Tag between the C-terminal of 6xHis-Tag and the N-terminal of natural iLRP, which is called as pET-His-S-iLRP. The third one only contains the 6xHis-Tag in front of the N-terminal of iLRP, but the natural iLRP gene was first optimized according to the bacterial genome, and the constructed vector was named as pET-His-Opt-iLRP. Then the expression of three vectors in Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21 (DE3) was analyzed. Results demonstrated that the expression of iLRP was the highest in the vector of pET-His-Opt-iLRP, followed by the vector of pET-His-S-iLRP, and the vector of pET-His-iLRP expressed the lowest iLRP.Conclusions: According to the results, it was concluded that the vetor pET-His-Opt-iLRP combining the codon-optimized iLRP gene with a 6xHis-Tag had the best effect on the expression of iLRP, and the expression in vectors with the natural iLRP gene depends on its leader sequences in the expression frame. The longer leader sequences accommodate to the host E. coli, the higher expression the engineered gene would be.
Finite element study on effect of follower load on intersegmental rotation, facet joint force and nucleus pressure of the cervical spine
Authors: Cai Xin-Yi , Yuchi Chen-Xi , Du Cheng-Fei , Mo Zhong-Jun
Published: December 2019

Background: The follower load is used to simulate the physiological compressive load of human spine. These compressive loads can maintain cervical spine’s mechanics stability and play a significant role in improving load-carrying capacity of the cervical spine. However, under different follower loads the biomechanical response of the cervical spine is unknown. So the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of follower load on biomechanics of the cervical spine. Results: In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear finite element (FE) model of the cervical spine (C3-C7) was built and validated. Using this FE model of the cervical spine, we evaluated the effect of different follower loads on intersegmental rotation, facet joint force, and nucleus pressure in the cervical spine. The results indicated that with the follower load increased, the intersegmental rotation of the cervical spine in extension decreased, but the intersegmental rotation in other postures increased. The follower load increased the facet joint forces in all postures. In lateral bending (LB), the facet joint forces were only generated in the ipsilateral facet joints. In axial rotation (AR), there was a large asymmetry in the facet joint forces, and this asymmetry worsened with the follower load increased. The nucleus pressure of each segment nonlinearly increased with the follower load increased in all postures. Conclusion: An comprehensive analysis in intersegmental rotation, facet joint force and nucleus pressure under different follower loads can provide us a deeper understanding of the follower load in the human spine.
Lentiviral expressing shRNAs inhibit the replication of Contagious Ecthyma virus by targeting DNA polymerase gene
Authors: Samani Leila Asadi , Saffar Behnaz , Mokhtari Azam , Arefian Ehsan
Published: December 2019

Background: Contagious ecthyma or Orf is known as a zoonotic disease remains prevalently worldwide despite the application of some control strategies against it. RNAi particularly shRNA provides us with the chance to tackle this obstacle by an encouraging new approach. The current study indicates the design and experiment of third-generation lentivirus packaging systems delivering shRNAs to inhibit ORFV replication and infection. Methods: Given the importance of DNA-pol gene in virus replication, in this study, three shRNAs against this gene were designed and cloned into lentiviral vectors to stabilize the expression of shRNAs. After producing lentivectors expressing ORFV-DNA– pol in HEK293T cells, the synthesized shRNAs were applied to downregulate viral replication and gene expression. The reduction in viral titer and RNA was evaluated by TCID50 test as well as real-time RT-PCR. The results were then analyzed in comparison with the control group. Results: Designed shRNAs significantly reduced virus yield approximately 90% to 97% and 96.8% to 99.4%, respectively compared to the control groups (cells infected with ORFV and infected with ORFV and scrambled vector) by TCID50 test. Real-time RT-PCR revealed a dramatic reduction in the expression of viral RNA approximately 99% compared to cells infected with ORFV and from 92.6% to 99%, respectively compared to cells infected with ORFV and scrambled vector. Conclusions: Therefore, it can be stated that RNAi is capable of being used as a potent therapeutically option against viruses like ORFV.
Metabolic Engineering of Bacillus subtilis for 2.3-BDO production by introducing an exogenous NADPH/NADP+ regeneration system
Authors: Liu Huiling , Liu Shuangying , Xie Fengyu , Zhang Xian , Xu Meijuan , Shao Minglong , Fang Haitian , Zhang Huiling , Yang Taowei , Rao Zhiming
Published: December 2019

Background: Generally, glucose is transformed into pyruvate from glycolysis before the target products acetoin and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BDO) are formed. Pentose Phosphate Pathway (PPP) is an inefficient synthetic pathway for pyruvate production from glucose in Bacillus subtilis. Previously, it was found that engineered PPP in B. subtilis unbalanced NADH and NADPH regeneration systems and affected acetoin and 2,3 -BDO production.Results: In this study, metabolic engineering strategies were proposed to redistribute carbon flux to 2,3-BDO via reconstructing intracellular cofactors regeneration systems. Firstly, extra copies of glucose dehydrogenase (GDH)and an exogenous NADPH-dependent 2,3-BDO dehydrogenase (TDH) were introduced into the GRAS strain B. subtilis 168 to introduce an exogenous NADPH/NADP + regeneration system and broaden 2,3-BDO production pathway. It was found that overexpressing the NADPH/NADP + regeneration system effectively improved 2,3-BDO production and inhibited NADH-dependent by-products accumulation. Subsequently, the disruption of lactate dehydrogenase (encoded by ldh ) by insertion of the transcriptional regulator ALsR, essential for the expression of alsSD (encoding two key enzymes for the conversion of pyruvate to acetoin) in B. subtilis, resulted in the recombinant strain in which alsSD was overexpressed and the pathway to lactate was blocked simultaneously. On fermentation by the result engineered strain, the highest 2,3-BDO concentration increased by18.43%, while the titers of main byproducts acetoin and lactate decreased by 22.03% and 64%, respectively.Conclusion: In this study, it shows that engineering PPP and reconstructing intracellular cofactors regeneration system could be an alternative strategy in the metabolic engineering of 2,3-BDO production in B. subtilis .
The effects of Neuroblastoma Breakpoint Family Members 1 and 15 variant on osteogenesis in patients with orbital hypertelorism
Authors: CHAI Gang , HUANG Nan , ZHANG Qun , Li Tianya , Chen Wei , ZHANG Yan
Published: December 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of Neuroblastoma Breakpoint Family, Member 1, (NBPF1) and Neuroblastoma Breakpoint Family, Member 15, (NBPF15) on osteogenesis in patients with orbital hypertelorism. Methods: The genetic information of three patients with orbital hypertelorism was analyzed via gene sequencing. We used real-time PCR to determine osteogenic correlation indices and performed osteogenic correlation staining to examine the function of NBPF1 and NBPF15 in the state of silence and overexpression. Results: NBPF1 and NBPF15 gene variants were observed in patients with orbital hypertelorism. During osteogenesis, when NBPF1 and NBPF15 were overexpressed, real-time PCR showed that expression of the osteogenesis-related indicators alkaline phosphatase (ALP), runt-related transcription factor 2, osteopontin, and collagen type I alpha 1 chain increased; Alizarin Red and ALP staining showed that overexpression of both genes promoted osteogenesis. When NBPF1 and NBPF15 were silenced, expression of ALP, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteopontin, and collagen type I alpha 1 chain decreased as observed during real-time PCR, and the inhibition of osteogenesis was demonstrated by Alizarin Red and ALP staining. Conclusion: NBPF1 and NBPF15 variants existed in patients with orbital hypertelorism and they promoted osteogenesis.
High maternal and under-five mortality in an ethnic minority predominant area in rural China: a mixed-methods study exploring mother and health-provider experiences
Authors: Wong Bonnie Odelia , Xin Junguo , Jiang Lihua , Wang Ruiou , Liu Yi , Ma Xiao , Zhao Li
Published: December 2019

Background: China as a country met Millennium Development Goals regarding maternal mortality rate (MMR) and under 5 mortality rate (U5MR), but high MMR and U5MR persist in various counties, especially rural areas of Western China with predominantly ethnic-minority populations. This study aims to understand multiple factors impacting MMR and U5MR in Xide and Mianning counties in Liangshan Area of Sichuan Province with majority Yi ethnic minority population, as well as the experiences of healthcare providers and mothers in these counties. Methods: Quantitative birth and mortality data from 2012 to 2014 were derived from public and hospital databases. Qualitative methods were used to identify factors which impact MMR and U5MR. We administered structured close-ended surveys to 60 mothers with neonates and 60 healthcare providers and administrators and conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 recently-pregnant mothers regarding their delivery and peri-natal care experiences and with 23 healthcare providers regarding health behaviors and factors driving health disparities. Results: MMR in Xide (72.02 per 100,000) and Mianning (68.10) county are significantly higher than the average MMR for the overall Liangshan Area (43.41), Sichuan (24.40) or the national average (21.8). U5MR in Xide County (12.7%) is consistently higher than in Mianning (7.29%). Of 22 cases of maternal deaths occurring between 2012 and 2014, a disproportionate number (59.9%) were non-hospital births, and 81.81% of those deaths were of Yi ethnic minority women. 73% of medical providers have less than a Bachelor degree and only 40.74% (Xide) or 68.52% (Mianning) scored >80% on evaluations of obstetric and perinatal knowledge and skill. Only 57% of mothers were advised to take folic acid. Mothers who participated in prenatal care programs were more likely to have hospital deliveries (p=0.033) and participate in post-natal care (p=0.05). Significant barriers to care exist due to limited of resources, transportation, cost, health literacy, and cultural norms. Conclusions: MMR and U5MR are higher in Xide and Mianning County and Yi women are disproportionately likely to die in childbirth. Policy changes are necessary to address these inequities, to increase access to quality medical care and improve knowledge and skill-based training for existing medical personnel.
CD73 alleviates GSDMD-mediated pyroptosis in spinal cord injury through PI3K/AKT/Foxo1 signaling
Authors: Xu Shun , Shao Minghao , Ma Xiaosheng , Jiang Jianyuan , Zhang Fan , Xu Haocheng , Zhu Wei , Lu Feizhou
Published: December 2019

BackgroundNeuroinflammation-induced secondary injury is an important cause of sustained progression of spinal cord injury. Inflammatory programmed cell death pyroptosis executed by the pore-forming protein gasdermin D (GSDMD) is an essential step of neuroinflammation. However, it is unclear whether CD73, a widely accepted immunosuppressive molecule, can inhibit pyroptosis via mediating GSDMD. MethodsCD73 deficient mice and LPS induced BV2 cells were respectively used to illustrate the effect of CD73 on macrophages/microglia pyroptosis in vivo and in vitro. A combination of molecular and histological methods was performed to assess pyroptosis and explore the mechanism both in vivo and in vitro.ResultsWe showed molecular evidence for CD73 suppresses the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes to reduce the maturation of GSDMD, leading to decreased pyroptosis in macrophages/microglia. Further analysis reveals that adenosine-A2B adenosine receptor-PI3K-AKT-Foxo1 cascade is a possible mechanism of CD73 regulation. Importantly, we determine that CD73 inhibits the expression of GSDMD at the transcriptional level through Foxo1. What’s more, we confirm the accumulation of HIF-1α promotes the overexpression of CD73 after SCI, and the increased CD73 in turn upregulates the expression of HIF-1α, eventually forming a positive feedback regulatory loop.ConclusionOur data reveal a novel function of CD73 on microphages/microglia pyroptosis, suggesting a unique therapeutic opportunity for mitigating the disease process in SCI.
Total flavonoids of Chinese herb Rhizoma Drynariae alleviates bone loss in caged laying hens
Authors: Huang Jie , Yu Zhengwang , Tong Xiaofeng , Zhang Lei , Hu Yanping , Zhou Zhongxin
Published: December 2019

Background: Caged layer osteoporosis (CLO) is a common bone metabolic disease and is threatening the modern poultry industry. The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of total flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD), a Chinese herbal extract, on bone health, egg quality and production performance in caged laying hens. Totals of 144 Lohmann pink-shell laying hens of 32-wk-old were randomly allocated to 4 groups (CON, LCD, TFRD1 and TFRD2, respectively). The CON group was fed a basal diet, the LCD group was fed a low calcium diet (LCD) and the TFRD1 and TFRD2 groups were fed LCD supplemented with 0.5 and 2.0 g/kg TFRD, respectively.Results: Supplying 2.0 g/kg TFRD produced protective effects on calcium deficiency-induced bone loss in caged laying hens, including reduced serum levels of alkaline phosphatase and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activities (both P < 0.05) and osteocalcin content (P < 0.05), enhanced femur bone mineral density (P < 0.05), improved bone microarchitecture deterioration, down-regulated mRNA expressions of RANKL (P < 0.01) and up-regulated RUNX2 and OPG levels (both P < 0.01). Furthermore, compared to LCD group, 2.0 g/kg TFRD treatment had lower malondialdehyd levels (P < 0.01), and higher total antioxidant capacity (P < 0.05) and glutathione peroxidase (P < 0.05) activities, which contributed to the protective effects of bone loss. TFRD supplementation did not affect egg quality while 2.0 g/kg TFRD treatment improved laying rate (P < 0.05) and decreased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05).Conclusions: These findings suggested that TFRD has beneficial effects on bone health and production performance in caged laying hens, which can be used for the prevention of CLO.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Pathogenicity of Corynebacterium Striatum Clinical Isolates Collected from Three Tertiary Hospitals in China
Authors: Wang Junrui , Shi Xiaohong , Zhang Jian , Du Xiaoli , Lu Xuancheng , Chai Yuan , Lv Yingying , Liu Roushan , Han Yanqiu
Published: December 2019

Background Antimicrobial resistance and patient-to-patient transmission of Corynebacterium striatum ( C. striatum ) clinical strains were frequently reported in recent years. Even worse, daptomycin resistant isolates were found in some studies and possible resistance mechanism was explored. Also, few investigations revealed the diversity of resistance feature and potential pathogenicity of C. striatum strains with different genotypes. However, less is known about the possible differences of resistance feature and pathogenicity of C. straitum clinical strains from different hospitals at a long distance.Methods C. striatum clinical strains were isolated and identified with VITEK-2 ANC card, MALDI-TOF microTyper and 16S rRNA sequencing technique. Broth microdilution method was used to detect the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 420 C. striatum clinical isolates, and PFGE method was used to discriminate different clones. Furthermore, in vitro adherence assay and mouse toxicity assay were performed to assess the pathogenicity of the strains with different genotypes.Results 420 C. striatum isolates were all sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid and daptomycin. Based on antibiotic resistance results, 420 strains were classified into 19 resistance patterns, when R1, R2 and R3 patterns accounted for 45.2%(190/420), 20.2%(85/420) and 22.4%(94/420), which were all multi-drug resistant patterns. PFGE typing results showed that 107 C. striatum strains were classified into 52 types (T01-T52), when 4 epidemic clones(T36, T28, T32, T14) accounted for 14.02% (15/107), 11.21%(12/107), 5.61%(6/107) and 3.73%(4/107), respectively. All of these 4 clones belonged to resistance patterns R1, R2 and R3. Among 27 C. striatum strains, 92.6%(25/27) strains showed moderate to strong in vitro adherence abilities, while only 7.4%(2/27) strains showed weak adherence ability on polystyrene surfaces. Furthermore, mouse lethality of different strains differed greatly, when non-dominant clone(Strain NMGYC339, T24) showed the strongest mouse lethality(90.0%).Conclusions The majority of C. striatum strains were multi-drug resistant and few dominant clones could persist for a long time in hospital environment. The in vitro adherence abilities and mouse lethality among different clones differed greatly. The resistance and pathogenicity of C. striatum clinical strains should be paid more attention to, especially for some specific clones at different hospitals.
Clinical features and outcomes of brucellosis complicated with Epstein-Barr virus infection
Authors: Jiang Hai , Sun Chaoxia , Zhao Hongyan , Ni Xiuying , Zhao Li , Dong Xuejun , Wu Cuiping , Piao Dongri , Yang Wentao
Published: December 2019

Objective To analyze the clinical, laboratory characteristics and prognosis of brucellosis patients with co-existing Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection at a major hospital in Shandong, a brucellosis epidemic region of China.Methods A total of 576 inpatients diagnosed with brucellosis at Yidu Central Hospital, between July 2013 and July 2018, were selected and tested for EBV DNA. 22 patients were found to be positive for co-infection with EBV. The clinical data of these 22 patients (observation group) and 100 patients (control group) with only brucellosis were retrospectively compared.Results The observation group (the group with the EBV co-infection) had more severe clinical manifestations in the form of fever, headache, and hepatosplenomegaly. Further, the observation group also had a significantly higher number of patients with elevated alanine transaminase(ALT) and aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), reduced WBC, and elevated PLT count. The incidence of abnormal levels of cardiac enzyme was also significantly higher in the observation group, as was the recovery time and average hospitalization period.Conclusions It is important to consider EBV infection and other potentially latent viral infections in patients with brucellosis, as these infections can further complicate the disease course. Further, patients diagnosed with a co-infection should be administered combined antibacterial and antiviral treatment and kept under observation and followed up for a longer period.
VIOLATION OF MICROBIAL AND ENDOGENOUS METABOLISM IN CELIAC DISEASE
Authors: Oreshko Ludmila , Semenova Elena , Shomin Alexander , Sitkin Stanislav
Published: December 2019

Aim: to investigate a fecal microbiota composition and to identify candidate biomarkers of celiac disease (CD) by serum metabolomics analysis. Methods: the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for fecal microbiota assessment. Serum metabolomic assays were conducted using the GC–MS. Results: serum of CD patients showed significant increases in stearic acid, 2-HIVA, succinate, fumarate and benzoate compared to HC. A decrease in the level of eicosadiene and an increase in AA in blood were determined. The ratio of AA to EDA was statistically significant (4.84 vs. 3.28, p=0.033). The elongase activity index in patients with celiac disease tended to increase (p=0.067). The colon microbiome in CD was characterized by decreasing in the level of butyrate-producing Faecalibacterium prausnitzii (F.p.) and Bifidobacterium spp.. Significant negative correlations were observed; between the levels of Bifidobacterium spp. and F.p. and the concentration of succinic acid (rs=–0.343 [p=0.026] and rs=–0.430 [p=0.005], respectively); the F.p. and the fumaric acid (r=–0.429, p=0.005); the benzoic acid and the amount of Bifidobacterium spp. (r=–0.341, p=0.025). Conclusion: significant changes in serum levels of microbial and endogenous metabolites, reflecting some metabolic pathways disturbances were observed in CD. Metabolites and metabolomic index reflecting the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory components, may be considered as candidate biomarkers of chronic inflammation and metabolic dysbiosis in CD. An increased B. fragilis/F.p. ratio can serve as available biomarker for intestinal pro-inflammatory dysbiosis in CD.
Определение структуры углеродных частиц, образующихся при формировании полимерной пленки в плазмохимическом реакторе
Authors: Богослов Е. А. , Данилаев М. П. , Дробышев С. В. , Куклин В. А. , Пудовкин М. С.
Published: December 2019

Изучен механизм формирования углеродных наночастиц при одновременном образовании полистирольной пленки в барьерном коронном разряде переменного тока атмосферного давления. Актуальность исследований обусловлена необходимостью контроля аллотропной формы углеродных наночастиц, которая влияет на физико-технические характеристики полимерных пленок, получаемых таким способом. Показано, что в основе механизма формирования графеновых чешуек лежит зародышеобразование агломератов поликристаллических углеродных наночастиц типа луковиц (onion-like carbon) в чехле короны. Формирование графеновых чешуек происходит из этих зародышей в стримерах газового разряда за счет деструкции молекул мономера, оставшихся в агломератах зародышей. Выявлено, что аллотропная форма образующихся частиц определяется не только энергетикой, в данном случае барьерного коронного разряда, но и соотношением длительности его воздействия с характерными временами деструкции и образования ковалентных связей, участвующих в процессе частиц.
Керамический композит на основе диоксида циркония, армированный одностенными углеродными нанотрубками
Authors: Леонов А. А. , Двилис Э. С. , Хасанов О. Л. , Пайгин В. Д. , Калашников М. П. , Петюкевич М. С. , Панина А. А.
Published: December 2019

Исследовано влияние относительного содержания одностенных углеродных нанотрубок (ОУНТ) на уплотнение, фазовый состав, микроструктуру и физико-механические свойства композитов на основе стабилизированного иттрием диоксида циркония, полученных электроимпульсным плазменным спеканием. Обнаружено, что в композитах, содержащих 0.1 и 0.5 мас. % ОУНТ, наблюдается существенное повышение относительной плотности: с 98.26 до 99.98%. Установлено, что ОУНТ частично ограничивают моноклинно-тетрагональный переход при высокотемпературной обработке диоксида циркония. Трещиностойкость композита с 1 мас. % ОУНТ возрастает на 38% по сравнению с керамикой без добавок.