bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed Session Periodization as a New Approach for Strength, Power, Functional Performance, and Body Composition Enhancement in Aging Adults
Authors: Bezerra Ewertton de Souza , Orssatto Lucas Bet da Rosa , de Moura Bruno Monteiro , Willardson Jeffrey M. , Simão Roberto , Moro Antônio Renato Pereira
Published: July 2018

Berzerra, ES, Orssatto, LBR, Moura, BM, Willardson, JM, Simão, R, and Moro, ARP. Mixed session periodization as a new approach for strength, power, functional performance, and body composition enhancement in aging adults. J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2795–2806, 2018—The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of mixed session periodization (MSP) vs. traditional periodization (TP) on strength, power, functional performance, and body composition in aging adults. Forty-five healthy aging adults were randomly divided into 3 groups: MSP, TP, and Control. Subjects were tested before the intervention for baseline values (week 4) and then repeated testing during (week 7 and week 11), as well as after the intervention (week 15). Subjects were tested on the following performance measures: 5 repetition maximum (5RM) leg press and seated leg curl; 12RM cable chest press; countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump; up-and-down stairs; timed up and go (TUG); and body composition. All comparisons were analyzed through a mixed-model analysis with repeated measures (group × time) and with Bonferroni post hoc tests (p ≤ 0.05). After the intervention, no significant differences were observed between experimental groups; however, the MSP and TP groups demonstrated significantly greater values vs. the Control group in the 5RM leg press (p < 0.01), seated leg curl (p < 0.01), and 12RM cable chest press (p < 0.001). For CMJ performance, the MSP and TP groups significantly increased at week 7 (p < 0.001). The MSP and TP groups significantly improved functional task performance, including TUG (p < 0.001), upstairs (p < 0.01), and downstairs (p < 0.01) after training. Furthermore, body composition for the lower limbs significantly changed for the MSP and TP groups, with increased fat-free mass (p < 0.001) and decreased fat mass (p < 0.01) after training. In conclusion, the MSP and TP models used in this study were equally effective in developing strength, power, and functional performance while increasing fat-free mass and improving body fat percentage in aging adults. However, it should be considered that the MSP protocol did result in greater effect sizes in lower-limb strength, lower-limb fat-free mass, up-and-down stair, and TUG performance.
Tactile Pressure Sensors to Measure Ground Pressure from Tractor Tire Loads
Authors: Kenarsari Amaneh E. , Vitton Stanley J. , Beard John E.
Published: July 2018

This article provides an assessment of tactile sensors used to measure ground pressures in soil from full-size tractor tires. To capture the tire’s soil pressure four 5400N tactile pressure sensors from Tekscan (Boston, MA) were utilized with a full-size agricultural tire in a laboratory setting. A servo-hydraulic loading system, capable of both load and displacement control, was used to apply known tire loads to the soil with the sensor placed at a depth of 45 cm in a soil bin. Two full-size tractor tires were tested; a traditional tractor tire, W800/70R38, and a recently developed low-aspect-ratio tire, IF800/55R46. The sensors were conditioned and equilibrated before placement at the bottom of the soil bin in the laboratory, while a two-point calibration scheme was used to calibrate the sensors, resulting in a confidence level of 99 %. The sensors were successfully utilized in measuring the tire pressure in soil, which included the contact area, average ground pressure, and peak ground pressure on loose sand. As expected, the experiments show the contact area, and average and peak ground pressure increase with increasing the tire load and inflation pressure. Comparing the two tires tested at different loads and inflation pressures showed only minor differences in the recorded contact area, average ground pressure, and peak ground pressure.
Myostatin is expressed in bovine ovarian follicles and modulates granulosal and thecal steroidogenesis
Authors: Cheewasopit Warakorn , Laird Mhairi , Glister Claire , Knight Philip G
Published: July 2018

Myostatin plays a negative role in skeletal muscle growth regulation but its potential role in the ovary has received little attention. Here, we first examined relative expression of myostatin (MSTN), myostatin receptors (ACVR1B, ACVR2B and TGFBR1) and binding protein, follistatin (FST), in granulosa (GC) and theca (TC) cells of developing bovine follicles. Secondly, using primary GC and TC cultures, we investigated whether myostatin affects steroidogenesis and cell number. Thirdly, effects of gonadotropins and other factors on MSTN expression in GC and TC were examined. MSTN, ACVR1B, TGFBR1, ACVR2B and FST mRNA was detected in both GC and TC at all follicle stages. Immunohistochemistry confirmed follicular expression of myostatin protein. Interestingly, MSTN mRNA expression was lowest in GC of large estrogen-active follicles while GC FST expression was maximal at this stage. In GC, myostatin increased basal CYP19A1 expression and estradiol secretion whilst decreasing basal and FSH-induced HSD3B1 expression and progesterone secretion and increasing cell number. Myostatin also reduced IGF-induced progesterone secretion. FSH and dihydrotestosterone had no effect on granulosal MSTN expression whilst insulin-like growth factor and tumour necrosis factor-alpha suppressed MSTN level. In TC, myostatin suppressed basal and LH-stimulated androgen secretion in a follistatin-reversible manner and increased cell number, without affecting progesterone secretion. LH reduced thecal MSTN expression whilst BMP6 had no effect. Collectively, results indicate that, in addition to being potentially responsive to muscle-derived myostatin from the circulation, myostatin may have an intra-ovarian autocrine/paracrine role to modulate thecal and granulosal steroidogenesis and cell proliferation/survival.
PGRMC1/2 promote luteal vascularization and maintain the primordial follicles of mice
Authors: Peluso John J , Liu Xiufang , Uliasz Tracy , Pru Cindy A. , Kelp Nicole C. , Pru James
Published: July 2018

To determine whether conditional depletion of Progesterone Receptor Membrane Component (PGRMC) 1 and PGRMC2 affected ovarian follicle development, follicle distribution was assessed in ovaries of young (≈ 3 month-old) and middle-aged (≈6 month-old) control (Pgrmc1/2fl/fl) and double conditional PGRMC1/2 knockout (Pgrmc1/2d/d) mice. This study revealed that the distribution of primary, preantral and antral follicles was not altered in Pgrmc1/2d/d mice, regardless of the age. Although the number of primordial follicles was similar at ≈ 3 months of age, their numbers were reduced by ≈ 80% in 6-month old Pgrmc1/2d/d mice compared to age-matched Pgrmc1/2fl/fl mice. The Pgrmc1/2d/d mice were generated using Pgr-cre mice, so ablation of Pgrmc1 and Pgrmc2 in the ovary was restricted to peri-ovulatory follicles and subsequent corpora lutea (CL). In addition, the vascularization of CL was attenuated in Pgrmc1/2d/d mice, although mRNA levels of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (Vegfa) were elevated. Moreover, depletion of Pgrmc1 and Pgrmc2 altered the gene expression profile in the non-luteal component of the ovary such that Vegfa expression, a stimulator of primordial follicle growth, was elevated; Kit Ligand expression, another stimulator of primordial follicle growth, was suppressed and Anti-Mullerian Hormone, an inhibitor of primordial follicle growth, was enhanced compared to Pgrmc1/2fl/fl mice. These data reveal that luteal cell depletion of Pgrmc1 and 2 alters the expression of growth factors within the non-luteal component of the ovary which could account for the premature demise of the adult population of primordial follicles.
La “guerrilla visual” del Pueblo Guaraní
Authors: Guimarães Foscaches Nataly
Published: July 2018

El presente trabajo tiene como finalidad analizar los primeros pasos de los jóvenes realizadores Kaiowá y Guaraní que integran o integraron la Asociación Cultural de los Realizadores Indígenas (ASCURI), a favor del empoderamiento de sus comunidades a través de la apropiación del cine y de las nuevas tecnologías. Esta investigación toma como base la etnografía desarrollada en las tierras indígenas Guyraroká, Panambizinho y Te’Yikue en Mato Grosso do Sul (Brasil) en los años 2010 y 2011. Los resultados indican que la apropiación del cine y de las TIC por los realizadores indígenas sur-mato-grosenses integra un proyecto de resistencia basado en el abandono de los valores coloniales y etnocéntricos, en la reflexión y actualización de la propia cultura, en la recuperación de sus prácticas culturales y cosmovisiones y en la afirmación de su identidad étnica.
Relaciones entre medios y política: de la función política a la mediatización del conflicto
Authors: Domínguez García Helena
Published: July 2018

El presente artículo examina la evolución de las relaciones entre política y comunicación en la literatura académica del Periodismo desde los años setenta hasta la actualidad, con el objeto de contextualizar los nuevos debates en torno a la cobertura periodística de los conflictos políticos contemporáneos. La revisión teórica se inicia con los estudios sobre la función política de la prensa y continúa con las transformaciones experimentadas por el sistema político como consecuencia de la irrupción de la televisión. También se aborda la discusión que se ha producido entre los académicos europeos en torno al nuevo concepto de mediatización, se recuperan las teorías sobre el uso propagandístico de los medios y se ofrece una panorámica sobre el impacto de la mediatización en los conflictos políticos.
Sex difference among patients with unprotected left main coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in northern China
Authors: Wang Yongxin , Yang Zhiqiang , Yuan Yonggang , Xu Zesheng
Published: July 2018

Background: Unprotected left main coronary artery (ULMCA) disease is associated with high mortality and morbidity. The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on gender-specific patients with ULMCA in the Chinese population and provide a basis for further treatment of PCI in ULMCA disease.
Methods: 173 patients (female, N = 52; male, N = 121; mean age = 61.02 ± 7.95) with ULMCA disease, who underwent PCI between January 2010 and December 2014, were investigated in our study. The mean follow-up time was 23.8 ± 7.3 months. The baseline clinical characteristics, coronary angiography (CAG) and PCI procedures, and in-hospital and follow-up outcomes of gender-specific patients were evaluated.
Results: There were no statistically significant differences in baseline clinical characteristics with the exception of body weight, height, and smoking indexes between women and men. During PCI procedure, femoral artery puncture was more preferred in women than men (P < .05), whereas radial artery puncture was more preferred in men than women (P < .05). The characteristics of CAG and PCI procedures (except puncture path) were showed with no markedly difference between women and men. The incidences of MACCEs in male patients during the in-hospital and follow-up periods were slightly higher than those of the female patients although with no statistical differences.
Conclusion: In northern China, the incidence of ULMCA disease in men is likely to be higher than in women, whereas PCI for ULMCA disease shows similarly favorable outcomes in women as well as in men. During the PCI procedure, femoral artery puncture in women and radial artery puncture in men are recommended.
Gestión del riesgo y política pública en el cantón de Desamparados, Costa Rica
Authors: Román-Quesada Rodolfo , Calderón-Ramírez Guillermo
Published: July 2018

Desamparados es uno de los cantones de Costa Rica más afectados por los riesgos naturales, según datos registrados de los últimos 45 años. Sus características físicogeográficas y socioeconómicas, así como el desarrollo urbano sin una planificación territorial efectiva generan mayor presión para contribuir al riesgo de desastre. Esta unidad político-administrativa es un verdadero reto para la gestión del riesgo de desastres y el ordenamiento territorial desde la política pública, ya que mezcla una serie de paisajes rurales y urbanos, además del impacto recurrente de deslizamientos e inundaciones con un marco jurídico entrabado para solventar estas problemáticas socioambientales.
Effect of phototherapy on pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in newborns with Jaundice
Authors: Boskabadi Hassan , Molaei Maryam Kalate , Zakerihamidi Maryam
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Jaundice is the most common condition requiring medical attention in newborns. Phototherapy is the standard treatment for jaundice. However, in recent decades, phototherapy has been considered as an oxidative stress that can cause lipid peroxidation and damage to DNA. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to examine the possible effects of phototherapy on the Pro-oxidant/Antioxidant Balance (PAB) in jaundiced newborns.

Methods: The present clinical trial was conducted on 70 icteric term neonates admitted to Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad, Iran between February 2013 and February 2015. The study population consisted of all term neonates who were admitted to the hospital within 2 to 14 days after birth for unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia (bilirubin levels > 15 mg/dl) and were treated with phototherapy. Neonates’ and mothers’ characteristics, along with the cause of jaundice, were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire, and neonates’ bilirubin levels and PAB values were simultaneously checked before, during and after the phototherapy. Finally, bilirubin levels and PAB values were compared using statistical methods.

Results: According to the results, neonates’ underlying characteristics were not statistically different. The average and standard deviation of bilirubin levels and PAB values were, respectively, 18.90±2.97 and 16.29±9.83 (before phototherapy), 15.71±3.16 and 29.63±12.56 (during phototherapy), and 12.37 ±3.57 and 40.91 ±13.35 (after phototherapy).

Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that decreased levels of bilirubin after phototherapy cause a shift in the PAB value in favor of oxidants.
Constitución Política e independencia monetaria: 25 Aniversario
Authors: Maya Muñoz Guillermo
Published: July 2018

Hace 25 años, la Constitución Política Colombiana (CPC) de 1991 y la ley reglamentaria 31 de 1992 establecieron la autonomía o independencia del Banco de la República (BR). ¿De quién es independiente el BR? Es independiente del Gobierno en materia de política monetaria, cambiaria y crediticia. Igualmente, la CPC le asignó como único objetivo la estabilidad de precios (art. 1º, ley 31 de 1992), el control de la inflación, con metas de inflación cada vez menores, con la primacía sobre otros objetivos, tales como el empleo, el crecimiento, la distribución del ingreso, etc.
Diseño de un medio de cultivo para la producción de biomasa de Microbacterium sp. (BSC3) para la generación de materia orgánica humificada a partir de lignito.
Authors: Pantoja Guerra Manuel Fabián , Mendoza Reyes Sandra , Valero Valero Nelson Osvaldo
Published: July 2018

Se diseñó un medio de cultivo para la multiplicación de una cepa bacteriana solubilizadora de carbón (BSC3); como sustratos se utilizaron tres residuos agroindustriales: melaza de caña, lactosuero y cabecilla de arroz. Mediante diseños de superficie de respuesta Box-Behnken se evaluaron dos rangos de concentraciones para cada sustrato (2–10% y 0–6%), de esta forma se obtuvo la combinación adecuada para la producción de biomasa de BSC3. Se construyeron curvas de crecimiento bacteriano para determinar algunos parámetros cinéticos (velocidad específica de crecimiento [µ], tiempo de duplicación [Td] y producción final de biomasa), que fueron comparados con el crecimiento de la cepa en un medio de cultivo control, también se caracterizó elementalmente (CHN) el medio optimizado. Las concentraciones óptimas para la obtención de biomasa de BSC3 fueron: 6% melaza, 2,5% lactosuero más un contenido mínimo de sales, con un pH de 6,5. Los parámetros cinéticos en este medio fueron: biomasa final=3,2 g.L-1, µ=0,0206 h-1, Td=33,64 h, y en el medio control: biomasa final=3,4 g.L-1, µ=0,0139 h-1, Td=49,85 h, lo cual muestra que el medio permitió un incremento en la velocidad de crecimiento y un menor tiempo de duplicación de BSC3, de esta forma el medio optimizado permitió la multiplicación de BSC3 y le permitió conservar su actividad solubilizadora de carbón.
Caracterización de indicadores de la calidad del fruto en líneas de fresa transgénicas con genes silenciados que codifican para enzimas pectinolíticas
Authors: Julio-González Lesbia C. , Matas Antonio J. , Mercado José A.
Published: July 2018

Se han evaluado algunos indicadores de calidad del fruto en líneas transgénicas de fresa con los genes de poligalacturonasa FaPG1 (líneas PG) o pectato liasa FaplC (líneas APEL) silenciados. Se analizaron dos líneas independientes por genotipo transgénico. No se observaron diferencias en el contenido de sólidos solubles entre las líneas transgénicas y el control. De igual forma, la acidez total y el pH fueron similares en las líneas PG29, APEL21 y el control; sin embargo, la acidez de los frutos de las líneas PG62 y APEL39 fue superior al control. Los parámetros de color L*, a* y b* fueron similares en todos los genotipos; sin embargo, el contenido en antocianos fue menor en la línea APEL21. Los valores más altos de firmeza de fruto, estimada mediante un ensayo de extrusión, se observaron en las dos líneas transgénicas PG y en la línea APEL39. En cuanto a las pérdidas por goteo (drip loss), la línea APEL39 presentó un valor mayor que el control, pero la línea APEL21 registró valores menores. El contenido de compuestos fenólicos se analizó en la línea PG29, no encontrándose diferencias estadísticas con respecto al control. Finalmente, la capacidad del fruto para captar radicales libres fue ligeramente menor en la línea PG29 que en el control. Los resultados indican que el silenciamiento de los genes de pectinasas incrementa significativamente la firmeza de la fresa sin modificar sustancialmente parámetros de calidad del fruto maduro como color, acidez, sólidos solubles o contenido en antocianos.
Identificación y evaluación de actividad celulolítica en aislamientos nativos de Trichoderma spp obtenidos de biomasa de palma de aceite
Authors: Hernández-Fernández Javier , Pérez Elia Elizabeth , Piñeros-Castro Yineth
Published: July 2018

Se aislaron previamente ocho cepas nativas de racimos de palma de aceite en descomposición de Trichoderma sp. provenientes de la región de Cumaral, Meta, Colombia. Se utilizó la región de los ITS1-ITS4 para la identificación molecular y se determinó la actividad celulolítica (actividad sobre papel filtro) del complejo producido por las cepas utilizando residuos de palma como sustrato. Siete aislamientos nativos presentarón 100% de similaridad con hongos del género Trichoderma. Se observó para siete cepas, la presencia de las cinco anclas que identifican hongos del género Trichoderma, identificándose cuatro de los hongos nativos como Trichoderma koningiopsis (HR-04-89; HR-11-89; HR-19-89; y HR-06-89) y cuatro como Trichoderma asperellum (HR-01-89; HR-03-89; HR-16-89; HR-18-89). El bioensayo mostró que las cepas evaluadas de Trichoderma son estadísticamente significativas sobre la actividad enzimática de celulasas sobre papel filtro (p<0.05). Además, las cepas HR-01-89, HR-03-89, HR-11-89, HR-04-89 y HR-18-89 no presentaron diferencias en la actividad enzimática. La cepa Trichoderma reesei utilizada como referencia, presentó un comportamiento superior y diferente comparado con las cepas nativas. La cepa nativa HR-18-89 (Trichoderma asperellum) presentó mayores niveles de actividad enzimática, 78% del valor de la cepa referencia. Es importante identificar y evaluar cepas nativas de Trichoderma sp. con novedosas actividades biológicas que permitan degradar la celulosa recalcitrante de los racimos de palma africana.
Orchids in the era of Grigory von Langsdorff: two golden decades in the history of the botanical exploration of Brazil (1813–1830)
Authors: Ossenbach Carlos
Published: July 2018

The figure of Grigory Ivanovich von Langsdorff was largely neglected by the scientific literature of the 19th and 20th centuries. German-born von Langsdorff was consul of the Russian Empire in Rio de Janeiro. His activities in Brazil from 1813 to 1830 are here described, a time during which his house in Rio and his famous fazenda Mandiocca became the center of scientific activity and the point of attraction for European travellers and naturalists who flocked to Brazil after its frontiers were opened to foreigners in 1808 by King Joao VI of Portugal. Wilhelm Freyreiss, Friedrich Sellow, Maximilian zu Wied-Neuwied, Augustin de Saint-Hilaire, Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, Johann Baptist von Spix, Giuseppe Raddi, Johann Baptist Emanuel Pohl, and Ludwig Riedel are among those who explored Brazil impulsed by von Langsdorff and often under his patronage. Their journeys in Brazil culminated in von Langsdorff’s ill-fated expedition to the interior of Brazil between 1822 and 1829, while the epilogue is marked by Langsdorff’s return to Germany, in a state of insanity and no longer able to publish the results of his life-long scientific efforts.
Pengujian berbagai eksplan kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) dengan penggunaan konsentrasi BAP dan NAA yang berbeda
Authors: Lestari Fitri Widya , Suminar Erni , Mubarok Syariful
Published: July 2018

Rendahnya produksi kentang di Indonesia disebabkan oleh ketersediaan benih kentang bermutu hasil dari metode konvensional yang kurang memadai. Metode kultur jaringan mampu menghasilkan bibit bermutu dan bebas virus, dalam jumlah banyak serta waktu yang singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) dan Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) terbaik pada berbagai eksplan untuk pertumbuhan tunas meriklon kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) Kultivar Atlantik secara in vitro. Percobaan dilaksanakan pada November 2016 sampai Februari 2017 di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Teknologi Benih Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran. Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) digunakan sebagai rancangan percobaan yang terdiri dari dua unit percobaan terpisah yaitu unit eksplan meristem interkalar dan meristem apikal, masing-masing delapan perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Media Murashige and Skoog (MS) digunakan sebagai media dasar dengan penambahan BAP (0,0 mg L-1; 1 mg L-1; 1,5 mg L-1; 2 mg L-1) dan NAA (0,0 mg L-1; 0,5 mg L-1). Hasil menunjukkan konsentrasi BAP 1 mg L-1 merupakan perlakuan yang paling baik dalam menghasilkan jumlah tunas, cabang, daun dan buku pada eksplan meristem interkalar. Pada eksplan meristem apikal, penambahan BAP dan NAA belum mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan eksplan. Meristem interkalar yang diberi auksin dan sitokinin berpotensi menjadi bahan alternatif eksplan meriklon kentang selain meristem apikal. The production of potato in Indonesia is low due to the limited number of high quality potato seeds produced from the conventional methods. The tissue culture methods can be used to produce high quality and virus-free seeds in more reliable number in a short time. Randomized Completely Design (RCD) was used as the experimental design consisted of two separate trial units namely intercalary meristem and apical meristem explants units with eight treatments and four replications of each. Murashige and Skoog (MS) was used as the base media added with BAP i.e. 0.0 mg L-1; 1 mg L-1; 1.5 mg L-1; 2 mg L-1 and NAA 0.0 mg L-1 and 0.5 mg L-1. Results showed that concentration of BAP 1 mg L-1 generated the best results on the number of shoots, branches, leaves and nodes on meristem intercalary explant. Meanwhile on apical meristem explant, the addition of BAP and NAA had not yet improved the explant growth. Intercalary meristem added with auxin and cytokinin is potential as alternative of mericlone explants material of potato besides the apical meristem.
Indikasi perubahan iklim dan dampaknya terhadap produksi padi di Indonesia (Studi kasus : Sumatera Selatan dan Malang Raya)
Authors: Ruminta Ruminta , Handoko Handoko , Nurmala Tati
Published: July 2018

Perubahan iklim telah terjadi di wilayah Indonesia. Perubahan iklim memengaruhi pertanian melalui dampaknya terhadap pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan hasil tanaman. Penelitian indikasi perubahan iklim dan dampaknya terhadap produksi tanaman padi di Indonesia (Sumatera Selatan dan Malang Raya) pada tahun 2011-2013 telah dilakukan.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji adanya perubahan iklim dan bagaimana dampaknya terhadap produksi padi di Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan data dari temperatur, curah hujan, agroklimat, dan produksi tanaman padi serta data sosial ekonomi. Metodologi penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksplanatori menggunakan konsep asesmen risiko dimana risiko (risk) merupakan fungsi dari bahaya (hazard) dan kerentanan (vulnerability). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa di Indonesia telah terjadi perubahan iklim dengan indikasi peningkatan suhu, perubahan pola curah hujan, perubahan hitergraf, dan perubahan klasifikasi Oldeman.  Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa pertanian sangat rentan terhadap dampak perubahan iklim dengan indikasi level bahaya yang tinggi pada penurunan produksi padi sebagai akibat peningkatan suhu dan perubahan pola curah hujan.  Beberapa daerah di Sumatera Selatan maupun Malang Raya mempunyai risiko tinggi pada penurunan produksi tanaman padi.  Umumnya Indonesia mempunyai tingkat risiko tinggi pada penurunan produksi padi dengan rerata 1,37 % per tahun dan berpotensi menyebabkan penurunan produksi pangan nasional. Climate change has been occurred in Indonesia. Climate change affects agriculture through its impact on growth, development, and crop yield. Research on climate change indication and its impact on rice production in Indonesia (South Sumatra and Malang Raya) in 2011-2013 has been done. The study aimed to assess climate change and how it impacts rice production in Indonesia. This study used data of temperature, rainfall, agroclimate, and rice production and socioeconomic. The methodology of this research was descriptive explanatory using risk assessment concept where risk was a function of hazard and vulnerability. The results of the study indicated that in Indonesia has been ocurred climate change with indications of temperature increase, changes in rainfall patterns, changes in hitergraph, and changes in Oldeman classification. The results also show that agriculture is highly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change with an indication of high hazard levels in the decline of rice production due to rising temperatures and changes in rainfall patterns. Several areas in South Sumatra and Malang Raya have a high risk of decreasing the rice production. Generally Indonesia has a high risk level on the decrease of rice production with an average of 1.37% per year and potentially causes the decline of national food production.
Perubahan morfologis dan anatomis kelapa sawit pada rezim air dan salinitas berbeda
Authors: Firmansyah Erick
Published: July 2018

Salinitas tinggi dan genangan dapat terjadi pada tempat dan waktu yang sama; meskipun demikian pemahaman terhadap pengaruh kedua kondisi tersebut terhadap pertumbuhan, respon morfologis, dan anatomis kelapa sawit masih sedikit. Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan mengkombinasikan 2 aras salinitas (non salin dan salin) dan tiga taraf genangan (tanpa genangan, interval genangan 2 minggu, dan interval genangan 4 minggu). Penelitian dilakukan dalam pot selama 4 bulan dengan bahan tanam kelapa sawit berumur 4 bulan. Parameter pertumbuhan dianalisis dengan analisis varian dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan pada jenjang nyata 5%. Pengamatan visual secara langsung dan pembuatan preparat melintang akar dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan morfologi dan anatomi tanaman. Hasil analisis menunjukkan salinitas tinggi dan genangan konsisten menurunkan parameter pertumbuhan kelapa sawit. Salinitas tinggi dan genangan tidak secara konsisten mengubah rasio luas masing-masing jaringan penyusun akar primer, sekunder, dan tersier. Kelapa sawit membentuk pneumatophore dan saluran aerenkima pada kondisi genangan, baik non salin maupun salin. Mekanisme adaptasi terhadap genangan tersebut dapat menurunkan pengaruh negatif cekaman salinitas tinggi. High salinity and waterlogging can occur at the same place and time; however, the effects of these two conditions on growth, morphological, and anatomical responses of oil palm was not fully understood. A research had been done by combining two levels of salinity (non saline and saline) and three levels of waterlogging (without waterlogging, two-week waterlogging intervals, and four-week waterlogging intervals). The study was conducted in pots for 4 months used 4 months old oil palm planting material. The growth parameters were analyzed by analysis variance continued by Duncan multiple-range test at 5% level of convidence. The morphological and anatomical changes of plants were observed trought direct observation and root cross section. The results showed that high salinity and waterlogging consistently decreased the oil palm growth parameter. High salinity and waterlogging did not consistently change the ratio of the area of each primary, secondary, and tertiary root tissue. Palm oil formed pneumatophores and aerenchyma under both non saline and saline waterlogging. Adaptation mechanisms to these waterlogging could reduce the negative effects of high salinity stress.
EFFECT OF RESISTANCE TO ROLLING ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE LIFTING MECHANISMS OF THE TRANSPORTING MAC
Authors: V. M. Bohomaz  , L. M. Bondarenko  , O. V. Bohomaz  , M. G. Brylyova
Published: July 2018

Purpose. Coefficient of rolling friction in bearings determines the amount of resistance to rotation of rope drums of the lifting mechanisms of transporting machines, which affects the value of the efficiency of such machines and their dynamics accordingly. To clarify the values of the efficiency and the speed of cargo, it is necessary to determine analytically the amount of rolling friction coefficient for the ball bearings of the lifting mechanism drum, reduced to a pin, and also to evaluate its influence on the dynamics of such a mechanism. Methodology. In the paper, dependences are given for determining the coefficient of resistance of the ball bearing of the cable drum of the lifting mechanism when it is rotated by both the inner and outer cages, as well as the design schemes of the bearing and drum. Findings. According to the results of research the dependences for definition of cargo movement speed and efficiency of the lifting mechanism of transporting cars with the specified value of movement resistance coefficient are presented. The corresponding graphical dependencies for a concrete example are constructed. Analysis of the obtained dependencies and graphs allows us to draw the following conclusions: 1) the rate of lowering the load depends on the position of the rope along the length of the drum, decreasing as it approaches its middle; 2) the coefficient of friction of the bearings of the drum reduced to the pin increases as the rope approaches the middle of the drum; 3) the efficiency of the rope drum depends on the position of the rope on the drum, decreasing as the rope approaches the middle of the drum; 4) the efficiency of the bearing depends on whether the holder rotates: internal or external, and the difference depends on both the load on the bearing and the lubricant, reaching more than 3% in its absence and 2% - with liquid lubrication. Originality. The authors obtained more accurate dependences of the lifting speed of the load and the efficiency of the lifting mechanisms, using, in this case, the dependences determined by the drag coefficient in the drum bearings. Practical value. The obtained values of resistances can be used for refined calculations of the lifting mechanisms of transporting machines.
INCREASE IN PROFITABILITY OF THE ENTERPRISE OF THE AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY BY DIRECTIONS OF COMMERCIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: I. G. Abernikhina  , N. V. Valeniuk  , A. A. Subbotina
Published: July 2018

Purpose. The study highlights the analysis of possible ways to increase the profitability of an enterprise that deals with road transport. The ways of increasing profitability are supposed to be justified on the lines of the commercial activity of the enterprise. The main purpose of the work is to calculate the cost of specific measures to improve profitability with the rationale for possible sources of their financing. Methodology. The authors analyzed the structure of the transport services market in Ukraine, established the freight transport structure of the enterprise under investigation. The share of expenses in the areas of commercial activity and the corresponding share of profit received by the enterprise from a specific direction were analyzed. Findings. The conducted analysis showed that two areas of commercial activity are the most significant and profitable: transportation and freight forwarding. Repair and maintenance of vehicles in the overall structure also occupies a significant place. The most costly part of the enterprise is the sale of spare parts for vehicles. Other areas of activity, such as renting, car washing, and insurance services occupy a small part, but have prospects for development. For each direction of the commercial activity of the enterprise, measures are proposed to improve their effectiveness. The authors suggest paying attention to the item «installation of modern control and monitoring facilities». At this stage, for all transport enterprises there is a problem of saving costs. The reason for this fact was the rapid and constant increase in the cost of fuel. The program for saving this expense item is very relevant for the road transport company. Originality. To date, the company under investigation does not use a GPS monitoring system. Therefore, in order to reduce fuel costs, establish order in the robot and coordinate in the enterprise, the article proposed and calculated the implementation of a GPS monitoring system. Practical value. The proposed introduction of a GPS monitoring system will reduce the cost of energy resources. This will positively affect the cost of the services provided. Decrease in the cost price of services will allow receiving more profit that will eventually lead to growth of indicators of profitability.
Yawning in neurology: a review
Authors: Teive Hélio A. G. , Munhoz Renato P. , Camargo Carlos Henrique F. , Walusinski Olivier
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Yawning is a stereotyped physiological behavior that can represent a sign or symptom of several conditions, such as stroke, parakinesia brachialis oscitans, parkinsonism, Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy. More rarely, it can occur in patients with intracranial hypertension, brain tumor, multiple sclerosis, migraine, Chiari malformation type I, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Drug-induced yawning is an uncommon clinical condition and yawning in patients with autism or schizophrenia is very rare. The aim of this review is to describe in detail the occurrence of the phenomenon in such conditions, and its’ phenomenology and pathophysiology.
Trends and disparities in the use of cholinesterase inhibitors to treat Alzheimer’s disease dispensed by the Brazilian public health system – 2008 to 2014: a nation-wide analysis
Authors: Moraes Flávia Silva de , Souza Mariana Lima Cerqueira de , Lucchetti Giancarlo , Lucchetti Alessandra Lamas Granero
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT In light of the high cost of dementia treatment, there is legislation authorizing free distribution of cholinesterase inhibitors to those suffering from Alzheimer’s disease in Brazil. However, the existence of this free distribution does not guarantee adequate distribution. Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the trends of prescriptions and the coverage of Alzheimer’s disease treatment using cholinesterase inhibitors from public pharmacies dispensing high-cost drugs in Brazil. Methods This was a retrospective study that collected data from the Brazilian public Unified Health System. All cholinesterase inhibitors distributed at no cost to Brazilians during the year 2014, as well as the estimated number and percentages of patients who used these medications, were evaluated and compared to data from the year 2008. Results Our estimates indicated that 9.7% of the population having dementia syndromes used cholinesterase inhibitors, as well as 16.1% of those with Alzheimer’s disease in Brazil. A clear disparity was noted between the use and distribution of cholinesterase inhibitors, depending on the region in which they were found. Over time, an increase in the distribution of cholinesterase inhibitors has been noted. In 2008, that use was 12.0% whereas, in 2014, it was 16.1%, an increase of 34% in six years. Conclusion It was estimated that 16.1% of patients with Alzheimer’s disease in Brazil use cholinesterase inhibitors. These values have increased and, in spite of not being satisfactory, they indicate a potential for improvement. However, there is still a significant disparity among the regions.
Is transcranial sonography useful for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease in clinical practice?
Authors: Grippe Talyta Cortez , Allam Nasser , Brandão Pedro Renato de Paula , Pereira Danilo Assis , Cardoso Francisco Eduardo Costa , Aguilar Ana Carolina Rodrigues , Kessler Iruena Moraes
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Transcranial sonography (TCS) is an emerging ancillary examination for diagnosing Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective To evaluate TCS features in patients with PD and its mimics, and establish their accuracy in predicting the final clinical diagnosis after follow-up. Methods We retrospectively studied 85 patients with an initial clinical suspicion of PD, atypical parkinsonism or essential tremor, all of whom underwent TCS. Two specialists reviewed the follow-up clinical visit records and determined the final clinical diagnosis. The accuracy analysis of the TCS was determined using Bayesian statistical methods. Results The finding of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity (> 20 mm2) showed high sensitivity (93.4%) and specificity (86.6%). The positive likelihood ratio showed 6.93-fold greater odds for diagnosing PD than an alternative condition when this finding was present. Conclusions This study revealed the practical usefulness of TCS in differentiating PD from its prevalent mimics when the clinical diagnosis was initially unclear.
Carotenoids in the pulp and peel of bananas from 15 cultivars in two ripening stages
Authors: Aquino César Fernandes , Salomão Luiz Carlos Chamhum , Pinheiro-Sant’ana Helena Maria , Ribeiro Sônia Machado Rocha , Siqueira Dalmo Lopes De , Cecon Paulo Roberto
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT The current study aims to evaluate the occurrence and concentration of carotenoids in the pulp and peel of 14 banana and one plantain cultivars in two ripening stages. We analyzed the occurrence and content of lutein, α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene - by high performance liquid chromatography with UV-visible detection, the content of total carotenoids by spectrophotometry. In the unripe pulp, the ‘Ouro’ cultivar stood out with lutein concentration 13 times higher than that of the ‘Marmelo’. As for α-carotene and β-carotene, ‘Terrinha’ plantain stood out with mean concentration of 1195.30 and 1126.11 μg (100 g MF-1), respectively. Total carotenoids ranged from 159.66 to 2553.51 μg (100 g MF-1) in ‘Caipira’ and ‘Terrinha’, respectively. In the ripe pulp there was 36% increase in the lutein content in comparison to the unripe pulp and there was 7.3 and 8.5% reduction in α-carotene and β-carotene levels, respectively. The total carotenoid concentration in the ripe pulp was 17% higher than that found in the unripe pulp. The unripe peel showed lutein predominance, although ‘Terrinha’ stood out with higher α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations than those found in the other cultivars. Lutein concentration hardly changed due to fruit ripening; however, there was slight reduction in α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations.
Tree community dynamics of a northern Minas Gerais seasonally dry forest
Authors: Reis Geovany Heitor , Santos Rubens Manoel dos , Pereira Diego Gualberto Sales , Morel Jean Daniel , Santos Paola Ferreira
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT This study aimed to characterize the dynamics, structural changes and floristics of a Northern Minas Gerais Seasonally Deciduous Forest tree community, in a 5 year interval. In 2005, 10 (20 x 20m) plots were allocated. All trees (CBH ≥ 10 cm) were tagged and measured. A second census was carried out in 2010 in order to measure surviving, new recruits and dead trees. In 2005, 46 species were recorded, moving to 45 in 2010. No significant differences were found for Shannon - diversity (H’ = 2.62 nats ind-1 in 2005; H’ = 2.60 nats ind-1 in 2010) and Pielou eveness (J = 0.683 in 2005; J = 0.682 in 2010) in the interval. A total of 57 dead records (rate of 1.64% year-1) were found whereas 18 trees were recruited (rate of 0.53% year-1). Despite the higher mortality as compared to recruitment, the results suggest that the community remained stable in both structural and diversity terms in the interval considered.
Potencial alelopático e identificação dos metabólitos secundários em extratos de Canavalia ensiformis L.
Authors: Pereira Juliana Campana , Paulino Cynthiane Lins de Albuquerque , Granja Bruna da Silva , Santana Antônio Euzébio Goulart , Endres Laurício , Souza Renan Cantalice de
Published: July 2018

RESUMO As espécies que apresentam potencial alelopático são promissoras na agricultura, ante a perspectiva da identificação e manipulação dos seus metabólitos secundários, para aplicações práticas e, assim, sua utilização no controle de plantas daninhas. Por esta razão, este trabalho teve por objetivo verificar o efeito alelopático e identificar os metabólitos secundários de Canavalia ensiformis L. Sementes de Lactuca sativa, Digitaria insularis, Emilia coccinea e Portulaca oleracea foram utilizadas como receptoras. Para avaliar o potencial alelopático, foi preparado o extrato etanólico da parte aérea (folhas mais caules) da espécie doadora. Os efeitos potencialmente alelopáticos foram avaliados por meio de testes de germinação e crescimento inicial de plântulas. Foi realizada, também, por meio da técnica da Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Eficiência, a identificação dos metabólitos secundários da parte aérea de C. ensiformis. O extrato etanólico causa inibição da percentagem e do índice de velocidade de germinação de L. sativa. A parte aérea de C. ensiformis contém ácidos fenólicos (ácido clorogênico, ácido ferúlico, ácido cafeico), flavonoides (kaempferol, naringina e rutina) e ácidos carboxílicos (ácido cítrico, ácido malônico e ácido aspártico), podendo ser os responsáveis pela atividade alelopática dessa espécie.
Performance of low phosphorus tolerant rice genotypes under drought stress
Authors: Guimarães Cleber Morais , Stone Luís Fernando , Carvalho Maria da Conceição Santana , Colombari Filho José Manoel
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT The identification of genotypes more tolerant to water deficit and more efficient in the use of nutrients little available in the soil is an important low-cost strategy to promote sustainable agriculture in marginalized regions. In this sense, a study was carried out in the SITIS Phenotyping Platform of the Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, with the objective of evaluating the drought tolerance of upland rice genotypes tolerant to phosphorus (P) deficiency. The experimental design was performed in a randomized complete block with split-split plots and two replications. In the plots were established two water regimes (with and without water deficit), in the subplots two soil phosphorus contents (25 and 200 mg dm-3) and in sub-subplots 48 upland rice genotypes. The water deficit had more impact on grain yield than the phosphorus supply. The genotypes AB 062037, AB 062041, AB 062138, Arroz Mato Grosso, BRA 02601, BRA 052045, CNA 4098, CNA 6187, Guapa, Guaporé and Rio Paranaíba were classified in the most productive group under both water regimes. The most productive genotypes under water deficit showed higher root density in the deeper soil layers. The most productive genotypes in the two water regimes were also those that showed the highest transpiration.
Reaction of potential guava rootstocks to Meloidogyne enterolobii
Authors: Chiamolera Fernando Marcelo , Martins Antonio Baldo Geraldo , Soares Pedro Luiz Martins , Cunha-Chiamolera Tatiana Pagan Loeiro da
Published: July 2018

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii is the main phytosanitary problem of guava cultivation in Brazil. Among the strategies to manage the problem, the best prospects are in identifying or developing cultivars or rootstocks that are resistant to this nematode. To identify plants with potential as rootstocks for guava, the reaction of araçá (wild guava) to M. enterolobii was assessed in a greenhouse experiment. Seven araçá species were evaluated (Eugenia stipitata, Psidium acutangulum, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, P. friedrichsthalianum, P. guajava var. minor, P. guineense, and Psidium sp.). The plants were inoculated with a suspension of 3,000 eggs of M. enterolobii, using eggplant as control treatment. The parameters fresh root mass, number of eggs and second stage juveniles (J2) per root system, the reproduction factor (RF = Pf/Pi), and araçá reaction were determined during the experiment. RF of the araçá species E. stipitata, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, and P. friedrichsthalianum was less than one (RP < 1), therefore resistant to M. enterolobii. The araçá trees had good root system development and the susceptible plants showed many root galls, high number of eggs and J2, and Fusarium solani and Rhizoctonia solani root rot. The araçá species, P. cattleyanum ‘yellow’, P. friedrichsthalianum, and E. stipitata are resistant to M. enterolobii and can be tested as potential guava rootstocks.
The transformative capacity of the Brazilian federal government in building a social welfare bureaucracy in the municipalities
Authors: Sátyro Natália Guimarães Duarte , Cunha Eleonora Schettini Martins
Published: July 2018

Abstract The article analyzes the transformative capacity of the Ministry of Social Development and Fight against Hunger (MDS) in shaping structural change in Brazilian municipalities. The study is based on the concepts of organizational and institutional learning, on a combination of analytical categories of the institutional and neo-institutional approaches and on traditional means of government control. As for methodology, this study used process tracing, in-depth interviews, and documentary analysis of regulations, decrees, and resolutions that create direct and indirect incentives to induce agreements and cooperation of municipalities with the Ministry. We identified two important causal mechanisms: a) organizational and institutional learning processes; and b) inter-federative cooperation that, combined, generated significant changes in municipal bureaucratic capacity. The findings show the importance of the Union’s transformative capacity in the process of public policy decentralization in Brazil.