bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-pot Formation of Furfural from Xylose via Isomerization and Successive Dehydration Reactions over Heterogeneous Acid and Base Catalysts
Authors: Takagaki Atsushi , Ohara Mika , Nishimura Shun , Ebitani Kohki
Published: July 2010

An efficient furfural formation from xylose, a major pentose in hemicellulose of biomass, was demonstrated using a pair of solid acid and base in one-pot. High furfural yield was obtained in polar aprotic solvents including N,N-dimethylformamide using Amberlyst-15 and hydrotalcite under moderate conditions. This efficient production of furfural was performed via aldose–ketose isomerization of xylose to xylulose by solid base and successive dehydration of xylulose to furfural by solid acid.
Reactive Template Fabrication of Uniform Core–Shell Polyaniline/Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Nanocomposite and Its Electrochemical Capacitance
Authors: Yuan Changzhou , Shen Laifa , Zhang Fang , Lu Xiangjun , Zhang Xiaogang
Published: July 2010

Uniform core–shell PANI/MWCNT nanocomposite was synthesized by an efficient reactive template method based on the MnO2/MWCNTs as a template and an oxidant. Such nanocomposite presents a high specific capacitance of 296 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 and even 220 F g−1 at 5 A g−1 and long cycling stability (84% capacity retention after 1000 cycles), indicating a promising candidate for electrochemical capacitors.
XAFS Analysis of the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid of a Tungsten Carbide Pneumoconiosis Patient
Authors: Uo Motohiro , Asakura Kiyotaka , Watanabe Kana , Watari Fumio
Published: July 2010

The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from a patient with pneumoconiosis induced by cemented tungsten carbide (WC) was analyzed by micro-X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis. The BALF precipitate was dried and subjected to fluorescence XAFS using polycapillary focused X-rays. The W L1-edge XANES spectrum of the BALF precipitate could be identified as that of WC. Thus, a low concentration of WC could be detected from BALF using micro-XAFS without excess biopsy.
An Efficient and Practical Method for the Preparation of a Branched Oligoglycerol with Acetonide Protection Groups
Authors: Nemoto Hisao , Kamiya Masaki , Nakamoto Aki , Katagiri Ayato , Yoshitomi Kohsuke , Kawamura Tomoyuki , Hattori Hatsuhiko
Published: July 2010

A novel method for the preparation of 1,3-bis(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yloxy)propan-2-ol, a branched oligoglycerols (BGL), was developed from 1,3-diallylated glycerol in excellent yield.
Reviews
Authors: Seddon Fred , Oliver Rowan
Published: July 2010

Modern Methods for Musicology: Prospects, Proposals and Realities, Tim Crawford and Lorna Gibson (2009) Surrey: Ashgate, 147 pp. ISBN 978-0-7546-7302-6, Hardback, 52:25
Heavy Metal Music in Britain, Gerd Bayer (ed.) (2009) Aldershot: Ashgate, 201 pp, ISBN
978-0-7546-6423-9, Hardback, 50.00
Reviews
Authors: Jones Christopher , Rinta Tiija , Wilde Howard
Published: July 2010

Experiencing Music Technology, D. Williams and P. Webster (eds) (2008) 3rd edition, Belmont: Wadsworth, 467 pp, ISBN 0-495-56554-7, Paperback 40
How High Should Boys Sing? Gender, Authenticity and Credibility in the Young Male Voice, M. Ashley (2009) Aldershot:
Ashgate, 194 pp, ISBN: 978-0-7546-6475-8, Paperback, 50.
Analyzing Popular Music, Allan F. Moore (2008) Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 270 pp., ISBN 978-0-521-77120-7, Paperback, 19.99
Additional records of Gelidiella fanii (Gelidiales, Rhodophyta) from the western Pacific based on morphology, rbcL and cox1 analyses
Authors: Wiriyadamrikul Jutarat , Park Jeong Kwang , Lewmanomont Khanjanapaj , Boo Sung Min
Published: July 2010

This is a first report on the occurrence of Gelidiella fanii outside of Taiwan, where it was recently described as a new species. New specimens have been collected from Thailand, Indonesia, Japan, and the Philippines. The species commonly occurred on rocks and crustose algae in the intertidal zone at locations visited. Thalli had downward curving unilateral branchlets, numerous hairs around branch tips, iridescent color under water, and clublike tetrasporangial stichidia with blunt tips. Two genes were analyzed from different organelle genomes: plastid rbcL from 13 specimens and mitochondrial cox1 from 24 specimens including putative relatives. Analyses of both rbcL and cox1 sequences revealed that G. fanii was strictly separated from other species in the genus. This is the first report on cox1 gene sequences in the order Gelidiales. Nine cox1 haplotypes were found in G. fanii; there was a biogeographic structure, except for the Japanese haplotype, which grouped with those from Thailand. The present study indicates that G. fanii is common in Thailand and probably in the southeastern Asia region. G. fanii was more closely related to an identified Gelidiella sequence from South Africa, which is morphologically similar to G. acerosa. Detailed observations of field-collected material will enable a more realistic evaluation of the distribution of G. fanii in tropical and subtropical waters of the world.
Morphology of the flagellar pore complex in Prorocentrum minimum (Dinophyceae) from the Adriatic and Baltic Seas
Authors: Monti Marina , Stoecker Diane K. , Cataletto Bruno , Talarico Laura
Published: July 2010

Prorocentrum minimum (Dinophyceae), a planktonic microalga forming red tides, is considered a potentially toxic species. In view of its likely harmful role, accurate identification of P. minimum to species and/or subspecies may be particularly important. Like most thecate dinoflagellates, species identification is largely based on morphology of the theca and on features of both flagellar and auxiliary apical pores. In this study, we compared 18S rDNA gene sequences to confirm that P. minimum strains isolated from the Baltic (3 strains) and Adriatic (3 strains) Seas were the same species, and compared the morphology of the apical pore region among the strains. Our results confirm that the platelet arrangement in the apical pore region is a stable morphological character, independent of the strain origin and culture growth phase. In addition a small tooth, opposite to the apical collar in the auxiliary pore area, is proposed as an additional diagnostic character.
Die französische Regierung packt die Judenfrage ohne Umschweife an. Vichy-Frankreich, deutsche Besatzungsmacht und der Beginn der Judenpolitik im Sommer/Herbst 1940
Authors: Mayer Michael
Published: July 2010

Vorspann

War der Holocaust ein europäisches Projekt? Keine Frage, die Initiative zum Völkermord kam aus Deutschland. Richtig ist aber auch, dass diese Initiative in ganz Europa auf ein vernehmliches Echo traf, selbst wenn es dann im Einzelnen sehr unterschiedlich ausfiel. Auch die französische Regierung, die französische Verwaltung und die französische Kirche haben sich 1940, nach dem deutschen Sieg im Westen, für eine antisemitische Politik entschieden. Das Interessante daran war, dass dies – wie jetzt nachgewiesen wird – fast ohne deutsches Zutun geschah.
Tresckow und der Entschluß zum Hochverrat. Eine Nachschau zur Kontroverse über die Motive
Authors: Gillessen Günther
Published: July 2010

Vorspann

Warum endet sie nicht, die Debatte über den militärischen Widerstand? Weil neue Dokumente und neue Thesen alte Gewissheiten in Frage gestellt haben; weil Wissenschaft stets ein dialektischer Prozess ist; und weil es sich in diesem Fall nicht gerade um ein Nebenthema der Zeitgeschichte handelt. Johannes Hürter (VfZ 52, Heft 3/Juli 2004) hat die Debatte eröffnet, wurde von Gerhard Ringshausen (VfZ 53, Heft 1/Januar 2005) kritisiert und von Felix Römer (VfZ 53, Heft 3/Juli 2005) unterstützt. Dann folgten die Beiträge von Hermann Graml (VfZ 54, Heft 1/Januar 2006) und nochmals von Johannes Hürter und Felix Römer (VfZ 54, Heft 2/April 2006). Doch gibt es in dieser Sache noch mehr Argumente?
Probleme mit dem großen Bruder. Der DDR-Staatssicherheitsdienst und die Deutschlandpolitik der KPdSU 1969/70
Authors: Suckut Siegfried
Published: July 2010

Vorspann

Die Stasi wusste, was der DDR nach dem „Machtwechsel“ in Bonn 1969 und dem Beginn einer neuen Ostpolitik drohte – und sie informierte darüber auch die SED-Führung und den „großen Bruder“ in Moskau, der sich viele unbequeme Fragen gefallen lassen musste, von Warnungen vor einer Zersetzung des Ostblocks trotzdem nichts wissen wollte. Siegfried Suckut, einer der Pioniere der westdeutschen DDR-Forschung, präsentiert die Analysen der Staatssicherheit, schildert die Konsultationen mit dem KGB und den Prozess der Anpassung, der SED und Stasi schließlich doch auf den Kurs Moskaus einschwenken ließ – zähneknirschend, wie es scheint.
Prevalence and recurrence rate of colonic lesions in acromegalic patients
Authors: Berker Dilek , Tutuncu Yasemin , Isik Serhat , Aydin Yusuf , Ozuguz Ufuk , Akbaba Gulhan , Yuksel Osman , Erden Gonul , Altiparmak Emin , Guler Serdar
Published: July 2010

Acromegaly is associated with an increased prevalence of colonic polyps. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and recurrence rate of colonic polyps in acromegalic patients. Ninety-six acromegalic patients and 100 irritable bowel syndrome patients (IBS) were enrolled in the study. Twenty patients who were cured exclusively by surgery, and 20 patients that could not be hormonally controlled were re-examined colonoscopically after 36 months. Twenty-nine of 96 acromegalic patients (30.2%) had colonic polyps. In the IBS group, 10 (10.0%) had colonic polyps. The prevalence of colonic polyps was significantly higher in acromegaly. The group of acromegalic patients with and without polyps did not differ significantly with regard to plasma GH, IGF-I, fasting insulin levels and glycemic status. The presence of colonic polyps was correlated with increased patient age and male gender. We did not observe a difference in terms of polyp recurrence frequencies in the patients cured by surgery compared to uncontrolled patients. Acromegalic patients have a higher prevalence of colonic polyps than that of control subjects. We could not identify any factors that could predict polyps within the acromegalic patients - but age and male sex.
Risk factors for basal cell carcinoma: Results from the case-control study
Authors: Janković Slavenka , Maksimović Nataša , Janković Janko , Ražnatović Milena , Marinković Jelena , Tomić-Spirić Vesna
Published: July 2010

The aim of the present case-control study was to assess the risk factors for Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) in the Montenegrin population. The study group was comprised of 100 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of BCC, while the control group consisted of patients who did not present skin cancer and who were individually matched to the cases by sex and age. The increased risk for BCC was associated with: the presence of nevi (odds ratio [OR] = 3.77; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.12–12.73), type of skin concerning to burn rather than to tan after repeated sun exposure in childhood or adolescence (OR = 3.14; 95% CI = 1.59–6.18), the skin reaction to burn after two or more hours of sunlight during childhood or adolescence (OR = 4.53; 95% CI = 2.37–8.63), the number of severe and painful sunburns during their lifetime(OR = 3.52; 95% CI = 1.68–7.38), outdoor work during the summer-time (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.00–7.45), occupational exposure to chemicals (OR = 17.89; 95% CI = 2.82–113.52), history of eczema (OR = 4.17; 95% CI = 1.53–11.39), and history of previous BCC (OR = 3.86; 95% CI = 1.40–10.65). Our study confirms the role of environmental and constitutional factors in development of BCC.
Changes in gingival blood flow during orthodontic treatment
Authors: Barta Adrienn , Nagy Gábor , Csiki Zoltán , Márton Sándor , Madléna Melinda
Published: July 2010

The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in gingival blood flow due to orthodontic forces. Eleven volunteers, with the maxillary canine in an ectopic position were tested. A Laser Doppler Flowmeter (LDF) with a gingival probe was used, registering both the blood flow and temperature of the gingivae. After baseline measurement, a fixed orthodontic appliance was bonded. Measurements were repeated monthly, after activation of the appliance. The study lasted 6 months. The baseline value was 338.7 ± 201.56 P.U. [Perfusion Unit (mean ± S.D.)] which decreased to 218.9 ± 74.83 P.U. (p < 0.05) after two months and the final value of 363.9 ± 194.86 P.U was not significantly different from that initially (p > 0.5). The results showed that application of a force of 75 g resulted in a decrease in gingival blood flow up to 50%, but this returned to previous values after a few months. The study supports this measurement technique as a useful tool for monitoring gingival blood flow in long-term studies as well.
Monitoring of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by flow cytometry
Authors: Janeliūnienė Miglė , Matuzevičienė Rėda , Griškevičius Laimonas , Kučinskienė Zita
Published: July 2010

Minimal residual disease (MRD) predicts the outcome of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Flow cytometry (FC) is one of the most sensitive and most applicable methods for MRD diagnostics, but there is still no agreement on the “gold standard” of the method. We tried to optimize flow cytometric MRD detection in T-ALL. Fourteen adults and 11 children with T-ALL and 12 normal bone marrow (BM) donors were enrolled in the study. We found that the most common phenotypic aberrations in T-ALL were TdT and CD99 coexpression on T-cells in BM. Therefore for MRD detection we developed a limited four-color marker panel (TdT/CD7/cCD3/CD19 and CD99/CD7/cCD3/CD2) and a standard analysis strategy. This assay was evaluated on BM of healthy controls. Less than 0.01% TdT+ or CD99 bright T-cells were found in normal BM. MRD was detected in 9 adult patients and 1 child at different time-points of treatment. The average TdT and CD99 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) value of residual blasts fluctuated during therapy, but it still remained higher than MFI of normal T-cells. Our established MRD detection method differentiated leukemic lymphoblasts with sensitivity in the range of 0.01% and did not give any false positive results in normal BM.
The Incidence of Norovirus-Associated Gastroenteritis Outbreaks in Victoria, Australia (2002–2007) and Their Relationship with Rainfall
Authors: Bruggink Leesa D. , Marshall John A.
Published: July 2010

The relationship between the incidence of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks (NAGOs) in Victoria, Australia for the period 2002–2007 and rainfall was examined. Statistical analysis involving the correlation between time series indicated that there was a statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation between monthly NAGO incidence and average monthly rainfall. There was a lag of an average of about three months between peak average rainfall and a NAGO epidemic. The findings thus indicate rainfall can influence NAGO incidence. In an era where there is concern about the potential effects of global warming on weather patterns, it should be borne in mind that future changes in NAGO incidence may reflect altered world weather patterns.
Antiosteoporotic Effects and Proteomic Characterization of the Target and Mechanism of an Er-Xian Decoction on Osteoblastic UMR-106 and Osteoclasts Induced From RAW264.7
Authors: Zhu Zheng , Xue Li-Ming , Han Ting , Jiao Lei , Qin Lu-Ping , Li Yu-Shan , Zheng Han-Chen , Zhang Qiao-Yan
Published: July 2010

Er-Xian Decoction (EXD) has been used for the treatment of osteoporosis disorders, menopausal syndrome, and other aging diseases in the Chinese traditional healthcare system. However, the targets and mechanism of action have not been clarified. This study was designed to investigate the effects and possible target proteins of EXD on osteoblastic UMR-106 cells and osteoclasts induced from RAW264.7 cells using the proteomic analysis technique. We found that EXD at a concentration of 50–200 μg/mL significantly enhanced osteoblastic UMR-106 cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and formation of bone nodules, and decreased tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity and the bone resorption action of osteoclasts induced from RAW 264.7 cells. In EXD-treated osteoblasts, there were increases in the expression of heat-shock protein 1, high mobility group protein (Hmgb1), acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0, histone 2, carbonyl reductase 1, ATP synthase, aldolase A, and Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI)-alpha; and reduction in the expression of carbonic anhydrase 3, prohibitin, hemiferrin, far upstream element (FUSE)-binding protein. In EXD-treated osteoclasts, there were increases in the expression of vimentin, protein disulfide isomerase associated 3 and alpha-fetoprotein; and reduction in the expression of calnexin. These results indicated that EXD modulates bone metabolism through regulation of osteoblastic proliferation, apoptosis, and cell activation, and osteoclastic protein folding and aggregation.
Targeting microRNA-122 to Treat Hepatitis C Virus Infection
Authors: Jopling Catherine L.
Published: July 2010

An important host factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV) is microRNA-122 (miR-122). miR-122 is a liver-specific member of a family of small, non-coding RNA molecules known as microRNAs that play major roles in the regulation of gene expression by direct interaction with RNA targets. miR-122 binds directly to two sites in the 5′ untranslated region (UTR) of HCV RNA and positively regulates the viral life cycle. The mechanism by which this regulation occurs is still not fully understood. There has been a great deal of interest in potential therapeutics based on small RNAs, and targeting miR-122 to combat HCV is one of the furthest advanced. Chemical inhibitors of miR-122 can be introduced into mammals intravenously and result in potent and specific knockdown of the microRNA, with no detectable adverse effects on liver physiology. This strategy was recently applied to chimpanzees chronically infected with HCV and resulted in a sustained reduction in viral load in the animals. Inhibition of miR-122 therefore presents a very attractive novel approach to treating HCV, a virus for which improved therapeutics are urgently needed.
Innate Antiviral Immune Responses to Hepatitis B Virus
Authors: Ait-goughoulte Malika , Lucifora Julie , Zoulim Fabien , Durantel David
Published: July 2010

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. As HBV itself is currently viewed as a non-cytopathic virus, the liver pathology associated with hepatitis B is mainly thought to be due to immune responses directed against HBV antigens. The outcome of HBV infection is the result of complex interactions between replicating HBV and the immune system. While the role of the adaptive immune response in the resolution of HBV infection is well understood, the contribution of innate immune mechanisms remains to be clearly defined. The innate immune system represents the first line of defense against viral infection, but its role has been difficult to analyze in humans due to late diagnosis of HBV infection. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the field of innate immunity to HBV infection.
Role of Gag in HIV Resistance to Protease Inhibitors
Authors: Clavel François , Mammano Fabrizio
Published: July 2010

Cleavage of Gag and Gag-Pol precursors by the viral protease is an essential step in the replication cycle of HIV. Protease inhibitors, which compete with natural cleavage sites, strongly impair viral infectivity and have proven to be highly valuable in the treatment of HIV-infected subjects. However, as with all other antiretroviral drugs, the clinical benefit of protease inhibitors can be compromised by resistance. One key feature of HIV resistance to protease inhibitors is that the mutations that promote resistance are not only located in the protease itself, but also in some of its natural substrates. The best documented resistance-associated substrate mutations are located in, or near, the cleavage sites in the NC/SP2/p6 region of Gag. These mutations improve interactions between the substrate and the mutated enzyme and correspondingly increase cleavage. Initially described as compensatory mutations able to partially correct the loss of viral fitness that results from protease mutations, changes in Gag are now recognized as being directly involved in resistance. Besides NC/SP2/p6 mutations, polymorphisms in other regions of Gag have been found to exert various effects on viral fitness and or resistance, but their importance deserves further evaluation.
High-content Analysis in Monastrol Suppressor Screens
Authors: Ge Y. , Zhang D. , Zhou X. , Zhang Z.
Published: July 2010

Objectives: High-content screening (HCS) via automated fluorescent microscopy is a powerful technology for the effective expression of cellular processes. However, HCS will generally produce tremendous image datasets, which leads to difficulties of handling and analyzing. We proposed an automatic classification approach for simultaneous feature extraction and cell phenotype recognition of monoaster and bipolar cells in HCS system.

Methods: The proposed approach was composed of image segmentation, feature extraction, and classification. The image segmentation was based on the Laplacian of Gaussian (LoG) edge detection method. For the reduction of noise effect on cellular images, we employed an adaptive threshold in microtubule channel. The principal component analysis was used in the feature selection process. The classification was performed with a back-propagation neural network (BPNN). Using the current approach, the cell phases were distinguished from three-channel acquisitions of cellular images and the numbers of bipolar and monoaster cells were automatically counted.

Results: The validity of this approach was examined by the application of screening the response of drug compounds in suppressing Monastrol. Our results indicate that the proposed algorithm could improve the recognition rates of monoaster and bipolar cells to 97.98% and 93.12%, respectively, compared with 97.02% and 86.96% obtained from the same samples by multi-phenotypic mitotic analysis (MMA).

Conclusions: We have shown that BPNN is a valuable tool to classify cell phenotype. To further improve the classification performance, more test data, more optimized feature selection approaches, and advanced classifier may be required and will be investigated in future works.
Signal Interpretation from Low-dosage Acquisition
Authors: Cheng L.
Published: July 2010

Objectives: This paper focuses on how we could analyze and interpret filtered back-projection reconstructed signals from low-dose computed tomographic (CT) imaging systems. There exists a growing imbalance between dosage reduction and effective signal interpretation. At the same time, low-dose applications are undergoing alarming growth.

Methods: This paper interprets filtered back-projection images in low-dose CT systems and details the possible properties of the artifacts. The interpretation leads to design of a new multi-image filtered back-projection approach that allows artifacts to be effectively identified across multiple images. We use this approach as a building block to propose a new reconstruction method that enables effective artifacts reduction and efficient implementation.

Results: Experiments with both clinical and simulated low-dose images demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Conclusions: This study discusses a new FBP-based reconstruction approach based on signal interpretation from low-dosage acquisition. This method uses multiple filtered back-projection images from projection subsets to provide clues for distinguishing underlying clinical structure from artifacts. A framework is derived for effective signal interpretation and artifacts reduction. It requires no hardware change and a minimum amount of extra software support compared with current CT systems. Clinical and simulated low-dose CT scans demonstrated effectiveness of the proposed method.
Connectivity Analysis of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials in Patients with Major Depression
Authors: Weiss T. , Ionov J. , Bär K.-J. , Miltner W. H. R. , Witte H. , Leistritz L.
Published: July 2010

Objectives: Connectivity analysis was used to investigate the processing of intracutaneous stimuli and directed interactions within the pain matrix in patients with major depression (MD) and healthy controls (HCs), by means of frequency selective generalized partial directed coherence (gPDC).

Methods: Eighteen patientswithMDand 18 HCs underwent stimulations consisting of moderately painful intracutaneous electrical stimuli to the right and left middle fingers. Connectivity analysis was based on nine selected EEG electrodes.

Results: Stimulus-induced changes of the gPDC in a pre/post stimulus comparison and changes in the connectivity pattern in the post-stimulus condition were found. We could identify network changes correlating to the side stimulated, as well as differences between HCs and MD patients.

Conclusions: These data support the suggestion that pain processing in response to noxious stimulation in MD patients is different compared to healthy controls, suggesting aberrant functional connectivity. Generalized partial directed coherence is shown to be a promising method to detect changes in connectivity in both within- and between-subject designs.
Revisión taxonómica del género Chamaemelum Miller (Asteraceae) en la Península Ibérica y las Islas Baleares
Authors: Benedí i González Carles
Published: July 2010

Se realiza una revisión taxonómica del género Chamaemelum Miller (Asteraceae) en la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Se proponen dos cambios nomenclaturles: Chamaemelum nobile (L.) All. forma discoideum (Willk.) comb. & stat. nov. y C. fuscatum (Brot.) Vasc. forma minor (Hoffmanns. & Link) comb. & stat. nov. Para cada taxon se da el nombre correcto, así como las correspondientes sinonimias. Se adjunta una clave dicotómica de los táxones reconocidos y una relación de los testimonios de herbario estudiados.
Notas sobre monocotiledóneas
Authors: De Bolòs Oriol , Masalles Ramón M. , Vigo Josep
Published: July 2010

Notas nomenclaturales y taxonómicas sobre monocotiledóneas. resultado de los trabajos en curso sobre la "Flora dels Països Catalans''.
Aportacions a la flora de les comarques transibèriques, II
Authors: Rovira Ana M.
Published: July 2010

[fr] On expose quelques nouveautés taxonomiques et chorologiques pour la Flore des comarques catalanes du Sud de l'Ebre. On décrit deux nouveaux taxa: Brassica repanda (Willd.) DC. subsp. dertosensis Molero & Rovira et Helianthemum pilosum (L.) Pers. var. pseudoasperum Molero & Rovira. On propose aussi une nouvelle combinaison nomenclaturelle: Reseda lutea L. subsp. vivantii (P. Montserrat) A. Rovira. Dans l’aspecte chorologique, Euphorbia lagascae Sprengel est indiquée pour la première fois en Catalogne: la plupart des autres espèces sont des nouveautés pour les comarques catalanes du Sud de l'Ebre.

[ca] Presentem un recull de novetats corològiques i taxonòmiques per a les comarques catalanes situades alsud de l'Ebre. Es descriuen dos tàxons nous: Brassica repanda (Willd.) DC. subsp. dertosensis Molero & Rovira i Helianthemum pilosum (L.) Pers. var. pseudoasperum Molero & Rovira. S'estableix una nova combinació nomenclatural: Reseda lutea L. subsp. vivantii (P. Montserrat) A. Rovira. En l'aspecte corològic. Euphorbia lagascae Sprengel representa una novetat per a Catalunya. La majoria de les altres citacions representen novetats pel conjunt d'aquestes comarques catalanes meridio-occidentals.
Anatomía vegetal en San Alberto Magno
Authors: Valderas José María
Published: July 2010

Desde los ya lejanos, y meritísimos, trabajos de T. A. Sprague sobre el significado de los términos botánicos empleados por Plinio, Isidoro, Alberto y Ruellius, nadie había reemprendido tan necesaria tarea para la historia de la botánica.
Aunque la razón de una estructura vegetal se explica, en San Alberto, por la función que cumple, aquí prescindimos metodológicamente de la fisiología para ceñirnos a la morfología. Tras exponer la composición del De Vegetabilibus, abordamos los distintos órganos de la planta según el orden y la división trazados por él: succus, nodus, radix, venae, stipes, ramus, cortex, flos, fructus, etcétera.
Prospecciones liquenológicas en África del Norte. III. Líquenes saxícolas del cabo Tres Forcas (Nador, Marruecos) y cabo Falcón (Orán, Argelia)
Authors: Egea J. M.
Published: July 2010

Se presentan los resultados florísticos y fitosociológicos del estudio de 5 localidades situadas en las proximidades de Nador (Marruecos) y Orán (Argelia). Se citan 67 táxones, varios de ellos de gran interés en la región, y 4 comunidades liquénicas.
Revisión del género Salvia L. sect. Aethiopis Benth. (Lamiaceae) en el Mediterráneo Occidental
Authors: Rosúa J. L. , Blanca G.
Published: July 2010

Se revisa taxonómicamente la sect. Aethiopis Benth. del género Salvia L. en el Mediterráneo Occidental. Se reconocen 4 especies y 3 subespecies. Para cada taxon se indica el nombre correcto, sinonimia, descripción, tipo, número cromosómico, distribución, ecología, fitosociología y localidades estudiadas. Se propone la nueva combinación Salvia phlomoides Asso subsp. boissieri (Noë) Rosúa & Blanca. Se establece la distribución actual de los táxones estudiados y se analiza su posible origen.
Observaciones sobre algunos caracteres de valor taxonómico en el grupo de los carófitos
Authors: Pedrola J. , Acuña J. D. , Bastida J.
Published: July 2010

Se describe la variabilidad de los caracteres microestructurales y la composición mineralógica de las células espirales del oogonio en diversas especies actuales y fósiles del grupo de los carófitos. Se encuentran así, dos tipos de microestructuras diferentes (W y V) que se muestran conservativas en el seno de las poblaciones, no moldeables por el ambiente y relativamente constantes dentro de los distintos grupos filogenéticos. En consecuencia, se propone su utilización con fines taxonómicos. La aparición de ciertos elementos mineralógicos (vaterita, whewelita, aragonito etc.) resulta remarcable por su originalidad y su apoyo al viejo criterio que consideraba los carófitos como una clase autónoma y quizás de "enlace" entre clorófitos y traqueófitos.
Sur la position systématique et les affinités du Minuartia valentina (Pau) Mateo & Figuerola, endémique espagnole
Authors: Çelebioglu Tülay , Favarger Claude , Montserrat Josep Maria
Published: July 2010

Aussi bien par son nombre chromosomique (2n=36) que par certaines de ses particularités morphologiques intéressant la souche, la tige, les feuilles et les graines, le M. valentina (Pau) Mateo & Figuerola offre des affinités avec les espèces de la Section Lanceolatae (Fenzl) Graebner. Un étude de la testa des graines au M.E.B. confirme l'appartenance du M. valentina à cette section (présence de papilles dorsales aplaties- linguiformes). Il ne saurait donc être considéré plus longtemps comme une sous-espèce du M. verna L. Les auteurs proposent de le transférer dans le Section Lanceolatae et de créer pour lui une série nouvelle monospécifique: Series Valentinae Çelebioglu, Favarger & J. M. Monts.
Contribuciones al conocimiento de la flora de Asturias, II
Authors: Aedo C. , González del Valle J. M. , Laínz M.
Published: July 2010

Llevamos adelante nuestro prolongado trabajo florístico - v. ARGÜELLES & al. (1984), AEDO & al. (1989), LAÍNZ (1982), etc.-, referente de uno u otro modo a la zona cantábrica en el sentido amplio y tradicional, ya que las consideraciones político-administrativas podrían parecer muy secundarías en el asunto. No haremos aquí balance de nuestras presentes contribuciones, harto nutridas, bien que de naturaleza diversa, claro está. Lo que importa es continuarlas de manera sistemática, publicándolas con todos los oportunos detalles, como hemos venido siempre haciéndolo. Hieracium saliencianum de Retz, sp. nov.
Errores botánicos de Plinio señalados por Leoniceno
Authors: Valderas José María
Published: July 2010

Nicoló Leoniceno, médico humanista, se convirtió en el centro de una famosa polémica sobre los errores de Plinio, que, a la postre, terminaría por minar la confianza que en el seguíase manteniendo hasta finales del siglo XV. Aunque Leoniceno profesaba que sólo le guiaba ayudar a los médicos jóvenes en aquellas cuestiones pertenecientes a la salud y la vida que se veían amenazadas por la inercia histórica de los errores, sus antagonistas Quisieron confinarle en el terreno terminológico o de traducción textual. Pero, ¿cuáles eran esos errores? ¿Qué métodos emplea en desvelarlos? ¿Cuál es el fundamento botánico? A estas preguntas pretendemos dar respuesta.
Una nova subspècie de Consolida d'Anatòlia
Authors: Misirdali H. , Ilarslan R. , Tokur S.
Published: July 2010

[ca] Es descriu una nova subspècie d'Anatòlia, Consolida hellespontica (Boiss.) Chater subsp. rosea Misirdali & Ilarslan subsp. nova
Morfologia de les granes de les espècies ibèriques del gènere Aconitum L.
Authors: Molero Julià , Puig M. Antonia
Published: July 2010

[ca] Es presenta un estudi morfològica-biomètric de les granes dels tàxons del gènere Aconitum L. presents a la Península Ibèrica. Es tracten aspectes que fan referència a: 1) disposició de les granes al fol-licle. 2) definició de paràmetres (forma general i ornamentació de l'episperma), 3) biometria i 4) descripció de les granes dels representants ibèrics. Els microcaràcters relacionats fonamentalment amb el relleu epispèrmic, forma i ornamentació de la base d'inserció (hílum i cél-lules umbil-licals), són els que es mostren més útils per discriminar els tàxons i els que proporcionen més informació filogenètica.
Els resultats Que s'exposen coincideixen, en línies generals, amb els d'altres autors (Seitz, 1969; Cappeletti & Poldini, 1984). Es presenten, tan mateix, discrepàncies importants pel que fa a la morfologia seminal, en especial de l'ornamentació de l'episperma, en les espècies A. anthora. A. Napellus s.l., A. Burnatii i A. vulparia subsp. ranunculifolium. Es presenta, sovint, polimorfisme seminal en les diferentes poblacions, amades geogràficament, d'una mateixa espècie o subspècie. tant en el context ibèric com d'Europa central i meridional. Es conclou que aquest polimorfisme és una manifestació més de la plasticitat fe no típica del gènere, particularment intensa en tes espècies colonitzadores d'àmplia valència ecològica (A . napellus, s.l.; A. vulparia. s.l.), possiblement conseqüència de la deriva genètica de les poblacions.
Propietats tòxiques dels esperons de cavaller (Delphinium spp)
Authors: Olsen John D. , Manners Gary D. , Pelletier S. W.
Published: July 2010

[ca] Alguns membres de la tribu Delphineae Warming són emprats com a farratge per a bestiar de pastura o com a font de medicaments per a l'home. Tanmateix, sota determinades circumstàncies, el seu consum esdevé intoxicació. aparentment per causa d'alcaloides norditerpènics. Al menys 150 alcaloides diterpènics han estat identificats en Delphinium. En aquest treball es discuteixen els factors que influeixen en el contingut alcalòidic, i, per tant, en la toxicitat de la planla. Es reporten els canvis relatius en el contingut de vuit alcaloides en Quatre estadis de creixement de Delphinium accidentale (Watson) Watson. Els alcaloides dominants en nou espècies de Delphinium es presenten en una llista. La toxicitat de vuit espècies és comparada en estadi de floració, emprant assaigs en rata. D. batbeyi (Huth) Huth és unes Quatre vegades més tòxic Que D. gkmcescens Rydb. o D. geyen Greene, i unes deu vegades més tòxic que un cultivar de Consolida. D. occidentale o Aconitum columbianum var. columbianum Nutt. (en estadi vegetatiu). L'stress causat per infestació d'àfids o per una baixa disponibilitat d'aigua tenen un mínim efecte, sien tenen, sobre la toxicitat de D. barbeyi i D. Occidentale. respectivament. A parti r d'anàlisis quimiques de D. barbeyi prèviament assajades en bestiar. la DL50 per a una única dosi intraruminal de metillicaconitina, ha estat estimada com a inferior a 6.3 mg/kg de pes.
Els delphiniums de jardineria moderns
Authors: Bassett Shirley E.
Published: July 2010

[ca] Es descriuen les característiques dels delphiniums híbrids de jardí anglesos moderns. Es discuteix el desenvolupament de la raça de granes «Pacific» a Amèrica per Reinelt i l'èxit de la introducció de colors vermells a Holanda per Legro. L'evolució dels híbrids de jardineria tetraploides és considerada a la llum de les espècies que eren disponibles per als primers milloradors. Es revisa el paper de la Delphinium Society en la promoció de la flor i en la promoció dels programes de millora.
Estudios cromosómicos en Pteridophyta de Portugal. II
Authors: Queirós Magarida
Published: July 2010

Se ha estudiado el número cromosómico de algunos taxones de Pteridaphyta portugueses de los cuales se dan a conocer per primera vez los siguientes: Selaginella denticulata (L.) Spring, Polypodium cambricum L. subsp. Cambricum, Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. var. adiantum-nigrum y Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh. subsp. fragilis. Los restantes coinciden con los datos dados anteriormente.
Relectura de las Disertaciones de Cavanilles
Authors: Valderas José María
Published: July 2010

Este trabajo, dedicado al examen interno de una obra capital de la botánica del siglo XVIII. que incorpora buena parte del método de las familias sin dejar de abrazar el método linneano, aborda los conceptos sistemáticos fundamentales de Cavanilles y coteja, en análisis textual comparativo, su perspicuidad descriptiva frente a Lamarck y A. L. de Jussieu.
Estructura de una comunidad de Halimeda tuna (Chlorophyceae, Caulerpales) en aguas profundas del Mediterráneo noroccidental
Authors: Ballesteros Enric
Published: July 2010

Se describe una comunidad dominada por Halimeda tuna y Mesophyllum lichenoides en los fondos rocosos profundos del Mediterráneo Noroccidental. Dichas especies coexisten con Udotea petiolata, diversas especies de Peyssonnelia y Lithophyllum expansum, como especies más aparentes. La biomasa algal oscila entre 1200 y 2100 g ps m-2 mientras que el porcentaje de recubrimiento varía entre el 180 y el 400 %. Las variaciones encontradas en el recubrimiento algal describen adecuadamente el comportamiento estacional de la comunidad, el cual se caracteriza por un elevado desarrollo del estrato erecto durante el verano. La riqueza específica y la diversidad son también elevadas en verano. La mayor disponibilidad de luz veraniega parece explicar este comportamiento. La estructura de la comunidad y los factores ambientales a los que está sometida se comparan con los descritos en otras comunidades profundas del Mediterráneo y otros mares. Finalmente, se discute la afinidad de estas poblaciones de Halimeda con las distintas asociaciones descritas en la zona circalitoral del Mediterráneo Occidental.
Effects of Supplemental Exogenous Emulsifier on Performance, Nutrient Metabolism, and Serum Lipid Profile in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Roy Amitava , Haldar Sudipto , Mondal Souvik , Ghosh Tapan Kumar
Published: July 2010

The effects of an exogenous emulsifier, glyceryl polyethylene glycol ricinoleate, on performance and carcass traits of broiler chickens were assessed. The emulsifier was added to the diet at dose rates of 0 (control), 1 (E1) and 2 (E2) % of added fat (saturated palm oil). Live weight gain () and feed conversion ratio () in 39 days were higher in the E1 dietary group. Gain: ME intake and gain: protein intake during the grower phase improved quadratically (). Gross carcass traits were not affected. Body fat content and fat accretion increased () and liver fat content decreased () linearly with the level of emulsifier in diet. Fat excretion decreased () leading to increased ileal fat digestibility () in the E1 group (quadratic response). Metabolizable intake of N () and fat () increased quadratically due to supplementation of emulsifier in diet. Metabolism of trace elements and serum lipid profiles were not affected. The study revealed that supplementation of exogenous emulsifiers in diets containing moderate quantities of added vegetable fats may substantially improve broiler performance.
Comparison of UV irradiances from Aura/Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) with Brewer measurements at El Arenosillo (Spain) – Part 1: Analysis of parameter influence
Authors: Antón M. , Cachorro V. E. , Vilaplana J. M. , Toledano C. , Krotkov N. A. , Arola A. , Serrano A. , de la Morena B.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The main objective of this study is to compare the erythemal UV irradiance (UVER) and spectral UV irradiances (at 305, 310 and 324 nm) from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard NASA EOS/Aura polar sun-synchronous satellite (launched in July 2004, local equator crossing time 01:45 p.m.) with ground-based measurements from the Brewer spectrophotometer #150 located at El Arenosillo (South of Spain). The analyzed period comprises more than four years, from October 2004 to December 2008. The effects of several factors (clouds, aerosols and the solar elevation) on OMI-Brewer comparisons were analyzed. The proxies used for each factor were: OMI Lambertian Equivalent Reflectivity (LER) at 360 nm (clouds), the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 440 nm measured from the ground-based Cimel sun-photometer (http://aeronet.gsfc.nasa.gov), and solar zenith angle (SZA) at OMI overpass time. The comparison for all sky conditions reveals positive biases (OMI higher than Brewer) 12.3% for UVER, 14.2% for UV irradiance at 305 nm, 10.6% for 310 nm and 8.7% for 324 nm. The OMI-Brewer root mean square error (RMSE) is reduced when cloudy cases are removed from the analysis, (e.g., RMSE~20% for all sky conditions and RMSE smaller than 10% for cloud-free conditions). However, the biases remain and even become more significant for the cloud-free cases with respect to all sky conditions. The mentioned overestimation is partially due to aerosol extinction influence. In addition, the differences OMI-Brewer typically decrease with SZA except days with high aerosol loading, when the bias is near constant. The seasonal dependence of the OMI-Brewer difference for cloud-free conditions is driven by aerosol climatology. To account for the aerosol effect, a first evaluation in order to compare with previous TOMS results (Antón et al., 2007) was performed. This comparison shows that the OMI bias is between +14% and +19% for UVER and spectral UV irradiances for moderately-high aerosol load (AOD>0.25). The OMI bias is decreased by a factor of 2 (the typical bias varies from +8% to +12%) under cloud-free and low aerosol load conditions (AOD<0.1). More detailed analysis of absorbing aerosols influence on OMI bias at our station is presented in a companion paper (Cachorro et al., 2010).
Geoengineering by stratospheric SO2 injection: results from the Met Office HadGEM2 climate model and comparison with the Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE
Authors: Jones A. , Haywood J. , Boucher O. , Kravitz B. , Robock A.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. We examine the response of the Met Office Hadley Centre's HadGEM2-AO climate model to simulated geoengineering by continuous injection of SO2 into the lower stratosphere, and compare the results with those from the Goddard Institute for Space Studies ModelE. Despite the differences between the models, we find a broadly similar geographic distribution of the response to geoengineering in both models in terms of near-surface air temperature and mean June–August precipitation. The simulations also suggest that significant changes in regional climate would be experienced even if geoengineering was successful in maintaining global-mean temperature near current values, and both models indicate rapid warming if geoengineering is not sustained.
Anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing in Asia derived from regional models with atmospheric and aerosol data assimilation
Authors: Chung C. E. , Ramanathan V. , Carmichael G. , Kulkarni S. , Tang Y. , Adhikary B. , Leung L. R. , Qian Y.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. An estimate of monthly 3-D aerosol solar heating rates and surface solar fluxes in Asia from 2001 to 2004 is described here. This product stems from an Asian aerosol assimilation project, in which a) the PNNL regional model bounded by the NCEP reanalyses was used to provide meteorology, b) MODIS and AERONET data were integrated for aerosol observations, c) the Iowa aerosol/chemistry model STEM-2K1 used the PNNL meteorology and assimilated aerosol observations, and d) 3-D (X-Y-Z) aerosol simulations from the STEM-2K1 were used in the Scripps Monte-Carlo Aerosol Cloud Radiation (MACR) model to produce total and anthropogenic aerosol direct solar forcing for average cloudy skies. The MACR model and STEM-2K1 both used the PNNL model resolution of 0.45°×0.4° in the horizontal and of 23 layers in the troposphere. The 2001–2004 averaged anthropogenic all-sky aerosol forcing is −1.3 Wm−2 (TOA), +7.3 Wm−2 (atmosphere) and −8.6 Wm−2 (surface) averaged in Asia (60–138° E and Equator–45° N). In the absence of AERONET SSA assimilation, absorbing aerosol concentration (especially BC aerosol) is much smaller, giving −2.3 Wm−2 (TOA), +4.5 Wm−2 (atmosphere) and −6.8 Wm−2 (surface), averaged in Asia. In the vertical, monthly forcing is mainly concentrated below 600 hPa with maximum around 800 hPa. Seasonally, low-level forcing is far larger in dry season than in wet season in South Asia, whereas the wet season forcing exceeds the dry season forcing in East Asia. The anthropogenic forcing in the present study is similar to that in Chung et al. (2005) in overall magnitude but the former offers fine-scale features and simulated vertical profiles. The interannual variability of the computed anthropogenic forcing is significant and extremely large over major emission outflow areas. Given the interannual variability, the present study's estimate is within the implicated range of the 1999 INDOEX result.
The impact of the 1783–1784 AD Laki eruption on global aerosol formation processes and cloud condensation nuclei
Authors: Schmidt A. , Carslaw K. S. , Mann G. W. , Wilson M. , Breider T. J. , Pickering S. J. , Thordarson T.
Published: July 2010

Abstract. The 1783–1784 AD Laki flood lava eruption commenced on 8 June 1783 and released 122 Tg of sulphur dioxide gas over the course of 8 months into the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere above Iceland. Previous studies have examined the impact of the Laki eruption on sulphate aerosol and climate using general circulation models. Here, we study the impact on aerosol microphysical processes, including the nucleation of new particles and their growth to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) using a comprehensive Global Model of Aerosol Processes (GLOMAP). Total particle concentrations in the free troposphere increase by a factor ~16 over large parts of the Northern Hemisphere in the 3 months following the onset of the eruption. Particle concentrations in the boundary layer increase by a factor 2 to 5 in regions as far away as North America, the Middle East and Asia due to long-range transport of nucleated particles. CCN concentrations (at 0.22% supersaturation) increase by a factor 65 in the upper troposphere with maximum changes in 3-month zonal mean concentrations of ~1400 cm−3 at high northern latitudes. 3-month zonal mean CCN concentrations in the boundary layer at the latitude of the eruption increase by up to a factor 26, and averaged over the Northern Hemisphere, the eruption caused a factor 4 increase in CCN concentrations at low-level cloud altitude. The simulations show that the Laki eruption would have completely dominated as a source of CCN in the pre-industrial atmosphere. The model also suggests an impact of the eruption in the Southern Hemisphere, where CCN concentrations are increased by up to a factor 1.4 at 20° S. Our model simulations suggest that the impact of an equivalent wintertime eruption on upper tropospheric CCN concentrations is only about one-third of that of a summertime eruption. The simulations show that the microphysical processes leading to the growth of particles to CCN sizes are fundamentally different after an eruption when compared to the unperturbed atmosphere, underlining the importance of using a fully coupled microphysics model when studying long-lasting, high-latitude eruptions.