bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La formación de palabras por composición desde un punto de vista histórico
Authors: Sánchez Méndez Juan
Published: August 2013

En este artículo nos proponemos presentar las pautas para el estudio histórico de la composición nominal en español (y en otros romances). En general, podemos decir que, salvo en los pocos casos en que hay herencia directa del latín, los romances hubieron de reestructurar e innovar los esquemas de composición de palabras, desarrollando muchos patrones que eran incipientes en el latín vulgar, hasta superar en riqueza y variedad al propio latín. Luego, sobre esa base común ya romance, cada lengua fue evolucionando un esquema más que otro, según las necesidades expresivas y la adaptación a los respectivos sistemas lingüisticos.
Sotto le stelle del Petrarca: Vidas cruzadas (un episodio del petrarquismo en España)
Authors: Valero Moreno Juan Miguel
Published: August 2013

En este artículo se estudia la traducción de los Triumphi de Petrarca y el comentario de Bernardo Illicino por Antonio de Obregón (1512). Se demuestra la dependencia de la Vida de Petrarca de Obregón de la trazada por Francisco de Madrid en su versión del De remediis de Petrarca, y se vinculan ambas con la rica y compleja tradición exegética y editorial italiana. Se muestra así un conocimiento más profundo de lo que se sospechaba acerca del petrarquismo en España en relación con el texto de los Triumphi. El análisis de esta tradición intertextual permite aportar datos al debate filológico sobre la cronología de los Triumphi.
Libros de poesía en bibliotecas del Siglo de Oro (1600-1650)
Authors: Díez Borque José María
Published: August 2013

Este estudio analiza los inventarios de libros de 65 bibliotecas particulares españolas entre 1600 y 1650, procedentes de distintas clases sociales. Después de señalar los problemas que plantean las propias fuentes de información y contrastar la presencia de poesía con otros géneros literarios, se analizan las proporciones de libros de poesía en las bibliotecas consideradas, para comparar con otro tipo de libros, y tomando en cuenta las diferentes clases sociales. Es fundamental el análisis de autores y obras presentes en las bibliotecas para llegar a conclusiones sobre el “canon de excelencia” en el siglo, las diferencias con el construido por la historia de la literatura, el significado de la presencia- ausencia de determinados poetas, etc.
Petrarca y el Almirante de Castilla: a propósito de Boscán
Authors: Morros Mestres Bienvenido
Published: August 2013

El presente trabajo descubre los sonetos de Petrarca en que el Almirante de Castilla, don Fadrique Enríquez, se inspiró para componer una de las varias coplas que dedicó a Juan Boscán. Las alusiones al aretino permiten entender mejor las coplas que se intercambiaron los dos poetas sobre una dama de la que el segundo estuvo enamorado y de la que el primero aún lo está.
Deber (de) + infinitivo: ¿un caso de variación libre en español? Factores condicionantes en un fenómeno de alternancia sintáctica
Authors: Blas Arroyo José Luis
Published: August 2013

En el presente trabajo se analizan los resultados de una investigación variacionista sobre la alternancia entre las perífrasis deber y deber de + infinitivo a partir de las muestras de habla oral contenidas en el Macrocorpus sociolingüistico de Castellón y sus comarcas. El estudio confirma el estadio avanzado de desplazamiento de la variante deber de a favor de la perífrasis sin preposición (deber) en el mundo hispánico, detectado en otras investigaciones, si bien los datos de las comunidades de habla castellonenses muestran la resistencia de la primera en algunos contextos lingüisticos. Entre estos no se encuentra la oposición funcional entre las modalidades epistémica y deóntica, prescrita por la norma académica, pero sí otros factores relacionados con la modalización, como el énfasis y el nivel de espontaneidad de las interacciones por un lado, y la atenuación y la modalidad oracional, por otro. Estos condicionan el uso de la perífrasis con preposición en direcciones opuestas. Mientras que los primeros —en especial, el énfasis— favorecen la presencia de dicha variante, los segundos actúan como un serio estímulo en contra. Del resto de factores seleccionados por el análisis multivariante cabe distinguir diversos grupos, en función de las diferencias observadas. Entre los que arrojan un mayor número de estas, algunos se revelan en forma aparentemente anárquica (numero de sílabas del complejo verbal) o en sentido contrario a lo esperado (el contexto fono-sintáctico), mientras que otros presentan un elevado nivel de interacción o dependencia con diversos factores, por lo que no poseen relevancia explicativa por sí mismos (la persona gramatical, el grado de animacidad). Otros, en fin, exhiben diferencias más consistentes que, sin embargo, no pueden ser confirmadas en el estudio por su escasa representatividad en la muestra (el grado de adyacencia verbo auxiliar + verbo principal y el carácter simple/compuesto del verbo principal).
La distinción deíxis/anáfora y su aplicación a las formas de persona del español
Authors: García Salido Marcos
Published: August 2013

Este artículo intenta redefinir la relación entre ‘deíxis’ y ‘anáfora discursiva’ prestando especial atención al sistema de formas de persona del español. Mientras que la deíxis es parte del contenido de ciertas formas que codifican determinados rasgos de una situación comunicativa idealizada, la anáfora discursiva es una relación referencial. En español, la diferencia entre formas de primera y segunda persona, por un lado, frente a formas de tercera, por otro, no radica, como a menudo se defiende en que las primeras sean deícticas y las segundas anafóricas, sino en la falta de contenido deíctico de estas últimas.
En el centenario de María Rosa Lida de Malkiel
Authors: Gómez Moreno Ángel
Published: August 2013

Este homenaje a María Rosa Lida de Malkiel ve la luz entre dos fechas de especial relevancia: el centenario de su nacimiento (Buenos Aires, 7 de noviembre de 1910) y el quincuagésimo aniversario de su muerte (Oakland, California, 26 de septiembre de 1962). Este retrato intelectual revela la influencia de esta investigadora en el desarrollo de los Estudios Hispánicos sobre Edad Media y Renacimiento, al tiempo que demuestra la vigencia de sus aportaciones.
El romance morisco Ensíllenme el potro rucio atribuido a Liñán, y su parodia
Authors: Pérez López José Luis
Published: August 2013

El romance «Ensíllenme el potro rucio» está atribuido a Pedro Liñán de Riaza en el manuscrito 973 de la Real Biblioteca de Palacio de Madrid. Se nos transmite en fuentes impresas y manuscritas. La versión de los impresos transmite un texto incompleto al que le faltan doce versos o tres coplas, lo cual se pone de relieve al compararlo con la parodia gongorina «Ensíllenme el asno rucio». El presente estudio pretende plantear y resolver estas dos cuestiones: editar el texto basándonos en todas las fuentes posibles, y atribuírselo al que, de acuerdo con la fuente manuscrita más antigua, fue su autor, Pedro Liñán de Riaza.
La Gramática de Nebrija (1492): un tratado didáctico a través de su tipografía
Authors: Pellen René
Published: August 2013

Qué puede aportar al estudio lingüistico, cultural, socio-histórico de la GC el examen minucioso de su estructura en cuadernos y su tipografía? El objetivo de este artículo es ejemplificar las ventajas que presenta el sistema de referenciación que se propuso en el vol. LXXXIX/2, 2009, de la RFE. Analizada por cuadernos en sus diversos aspectos, la tipografía pone de manifiesto las principales características de un texto que es ante todo un tratado didáctico; permite resaltar, además, varias peculiaridades de la prosa renacentista (capítulo, párrafo, enunciado, sintaxis).
Del lat. COCCUM, COCEUS y COCCINUS al esp. coco, cocho, cochino y cochinilla
Authors: García-Hernández Benjamín
Published: August 2013

El sustantivo coccum, con un gran empleo en latín, ha tenido una numerosa descendencia en romance. De él proceden coco y coca; pero, dada su complejidad polisémica y homonímica, falta saber en qué medida. Según nuestra propuesta, de los adjetivos cocceus y coccῐnus provienen cocho y cochino. Cocceus, coccea y coccῐnus, coccῐna son, además, las bases etimológicas de chocho, chocha, chucho y cochinilla.
Plasmapheresis in the Management of Severe Hypertriglyceridemia
Authors: Seda Gilbert , Meyer Jill M. , Amundson Dennis E. , Daheshia Massoud
Published: August 2013

Plasmapheresis can benefit a variety of critically ill patients. A woman with diabetic ketoacidosis and severe hypertriglyceridemia was treated with plasmapheresis when conventional treatments did not markedly reduce her triglyceridemia. The patient was admitted to a medical intensive care unit because of diabetic ketoacidosis with severe lipemia. The lipemia-associated interference in laboratory studies made treatment of electrolyte abnormalities extremely difficult. The hypertriglyceridemia was initially treated with insulin, antilipidemic medications, and heparin, but the levels of triglycerides remained elevated, delaying results of needed laboratory studies for hours. After plasmapheresis, the serum level of triglycerides decreased by 77% in less than 24 hours. Severe lipemia interferes with photometric laboratory studies, yielding an underestimation of serum levels of electrolytes. Plasmapheresis is safe, rapid, and effective for emergent management of severe hypertriglyceridemia in critically ill patients. The impact of the procedure on critical care nursing is growing as nurses become involved in the treatment and follow-up care of patients who have plasmapheresis.
Melanoacanthoma of External Ear: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Patnayak Rashmi , Jena Amitabh , Chowhan Amit Kumar , Rukmangadha Nandyala , Reddy Mandyam Kumaraswamy
Published: August 2013

Melanoacanthoma is a rare lesion. Melanoacanthoma of external ear is still rarer. We present two cases of melanoacanthoma of external ear in adults which presented as pigmented growths and clinically were suspected as malignant lesions. Histopathology was diagnostic as it demonstrated the characteristic elevated lesion with abundant melanin pigment. No recurrence of the lesion was reported after four years of initial diagnosis. These cases have been presented because of their uncommon location, highlighting the differential diagnoses.
Association of Hematological Profile of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Patients with Clinicoimmunologic Stages of the Disease
Authors: Mathews Sujata E , Srivastava Dinesh , Yadav Raj Bala , Sharma Anjali
Published: August 2013

Aim: This work was carried out to study the hematologic profile of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients and its association with the clinicoimmunologic stage of the disease.

Materials and Methods: A total of 187 patients with HIV, whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, diagnosed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method according to the National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) guidelines were included in this study. Patients in the study population were divided into two groups: (1) Group A (antiretroviral therapy (ART) included patients receiving ART [ART-Y]) and (2) Group B included treatment naïve patients (ART-N). The patients were tested for hemoglobin (Hb), total red blood cells (RBC) count, RBC indices, reticulocyte count, packed cell volume (PCV), total lymphocyte counts(TLC), differential leukocyte counts (DLC), platelet count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Cut-off values were determined as Hb < 10 g/dl, platelet count < 1.5 lakh/cumm, and TLC < 4,000/cumm. The group or categorical data were tested for statistical significance using Chi-square test and Z-test. The difference was reported as significant if P< 0.05.

Results: (1) Anemia (predominantly normocytic normochromic) was prevalent in 40.1%, with slightly higher prevalence in those not receiving ART. It occurred with high frequency in patients with immunological (42.05%) and clinical acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome (AIDS) (70.58%) compared with those who had an asymptomatic HIV infection with CD4 > 200/μl (28.57%). Patients on zidovudine (AZT) therapy had 34.6% anemia with increased mean corpuscular volume (MCV). (2) Thrombocytopenia was seen in 3.74% patients (higher percentage in untreated patients). (3) Leucopenia was observed in 5.88% in ART-Y (Group A) and 8.14% in ART-N (Group B) patients. (4) Pancytopenia was found in 1.6% patients.
Comparison of Serum Lipid Profiles between Normal Controls and Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Laisupasin Pikul , Thompat Warayupa , Sukarayodhin Saowakon , Sornprom Adisak , Sudjaroen Yuttana
Published: August 2013

Background: Researchers have reported association of plasma/serum lipids and lipoproteins with different cancers. Increase levels of circulating lipids and lipoproteins have been associated with breast cancer risk. Aim: The aim of this study is to compare serum lipid profiles: total-cholesterol (T-CHOL), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) between breast cancer patients and normal participants. Materials and Methods: A total of 403 women in this study were divided into two groups in the period during May 2006-April 2007. Blood samples were collected from 249 patients with early stage breast cancer and 154 normal controls for serum lipid profiles (T-CHOL, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C) analysis using Hitachi 717 Autoanalyzer (Roche Diagnostic GmbH, Germany). TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels in breast cancer group were significantly increased as compared with normal controls group (P < 0.001), whereas HDL-C and T-CHOL levels were not. Results: The results of this study suggest that increased serum lipid profiles may associate with breast cancer risk in Thai women. Further studies to group important factors including, cancer stages, types of cancer, parity, and menopausal status that may affect to lipid profiles in breast cancer patients along with an investigation of new lipid profiles to clarify most lipid factors that may involve in breast cancer development are needed.
Comparison of Various Culture Methods for Isolation of Group B Streptococcus from Intrapartum Vaginal Colonization
Authors: Konikkara Kavitha P , Baliga Shrikala , Shenoy Suchitra M , Bharati B
Published: August 2013

Aims: Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most common causes of neonatal sepsis throughout the world. Reports of vaginal colonization of GBS in India are few and variable. A study was conducted on pregnant women in a tertiary care hospital to compare various methods for isolation of GBS, to study the prevalence of GBS in pregnant women in third trimester, and to determine risk factors for GBS colonization.

Settings and Design: Observational descriptive study.

Materials and Methods: High vaginal swabs from 150 pregnant women in their third trimester were used to compare three methods for isolation of GBS viz. direct culture on 5% Sheep Blood agar, direct culture on selective Columbia Blood Agar and culture in LIM enrichment broth with subsequent culture on 5% Sheep Blood agar. A history of associated risk factors was also taken.

Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed by Chi–square test.

Results: Isolation was best from LIM enrichment broth with subsequent culture on 5% Sheep Blood Agar. Prevalence of GBS colonization by using culture method was 12.67%. Most frequently associated risk factor was intrapartum fever (42.11%).

Conclusions: Standard Culture Method using LIM enrichment should be adopted as standard practice for isolation of GBS from vaginal swabs.
Combining an Expert-Based Medical Entity Recognizer to a Machine-Learning System: Methods and a Case Study
Authors: Zweigenbaum Pierre , Lavergne Thomas , Grabar Natalia , Hamon Thierry , Rosset Sophie , Grouin Cyril
Published: August 2013

Medical entity recognition is currently generally performed by data-driven methods based on supervised machine learning. Expert-based systems, where linguistic and domain expertise are directly provided to the system are often combined with data-driven systems. We present here a case study where an existing expert-based medical entity recognition system, Ogmios, is combined with a data-driven system, Caramba, based on a linear-chain Conditional Random Field (CRF) classifier. Our case study specifically highlights the risk of overfitting incurred by an expert-based system. We observe that it prevents the combination of the 2 systems from obtaining improvements in precision, recall, or F-measure, and analyze the underlying mechanisms through a post-hoc feature-level analysis. Wrapping the expert-based system alone as attributes input to a CRF classifier does boost its F-measure from 0.603 to 0.710, bringing it on par with the data-driven system. The generalization of this method remains to be further investigated.
Understanding the Morphological Mismatch between Magnetic Susceptibility Source and T2* Image
Authors: Chen Zikuan , Calhoun Vince
Published: August 2013

Background and Purpose

Recent research has shown that a T2* image (either magnitude or phase) is not identical to the internal spatial distribution of a magnetic susceptibility (χ) source. In this paper, we examine the reasons behind these differences by looking into the insights of T2*-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (T2*MRI) and provide numerical characterizations of the source/image mismatches by numerical simulations.

Methods

For numerical simulations of T2*MRI, we predefine a 3D χ source and calculate the complex-valued T2* image by intravoxel dephasing in presence and absence of diffusion. We propose an empirical α-power model to describe the overall source/image transformation. For a Gaussian-shaped χ source, we numerically characterize the source/image morphological mismatch in terms of spatial correlation and FWHM (full width at half maximum).

Results

In theory, we show that the χ-induced fieldmap is morphologically different from the χ source due to dipole effect, and the T2* magnitude image is related to the fieldmap by a quadratic transformation in the small phase angle regime, which imposes an additional morphological change. The numerical simulations with a Gaussian-shaped χ source show that a T2* magnitude image may suffer an overall source/image morphological shrinkage of 20% to 25% and that the T2* phase image is almost identical to the fieldmap thus maintaining a morphological mismatch from the χ source due to dipole effect.

Conclusion

The morphological mismatch between a bulk χ source and its T2* image is caused by the 3D convolution during tissue magnetization (dipole effect), the nonlinearity of the T2* magnitude and phase calculation, and the spin diffusion effect. In the small phase angle regime, the T2* magnitude exhibits an overall morphological shrinkage, and the T2* phase image suffers a dipole effect but maintains the χ-induced fieldmap morphology.
Energy concentration and phosphorus digestibility in canola, cottonseed, and sunflower products fed to growing pigs
Authors: Rodríguez D. A. , Sulabo R. C. , González-Vega J. C. , Stein H. H.
Published: August 2013

Rodríguez, D. A., Sulabo, R. C., González-Vega, J. C. and Stein, H. H. 2013. Energy concentration and phosphorus digestibility in canola, cottonseed, and sunflower products fed to growing pigs. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 493–503. Many protein sources are available to the swine feed industry, but accurate data for the energy concentration and the standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) of P in these ingredients are lacking. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to determine the concentration of digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and the STTD of P in oilseed products. In exp. 1, 48 barrows (44.8±3.9 kg) were fed a basal diet containing 97.15% corn or seven diets containing corn and canola seed (CS), canola meal (CM), cottonseed meal (CSM), sunflower seed (SFS), sunflower meal (SFM), de-hulled sunflower meal (SFM-DH), or soybean meal (SBM). Six pigs were allotted to each treatment. Sunflower seeds contained 5492 kcal kg−1, at least 689 kcal kg−1 more (P<0.05) ME than all other feed ingredients. Likewise, CS (4803 kcal kg−1) had greater (P<0.05) ME than SBM (3676 kcal kg−1), and both CS and SBM had greater (P<0.05) ME than CM, SFM, SFM-DH, and CSM (2998, 2725, 2631, and 2459 kcal kg−1, respectively). In exp. 2, 84 barrows (13.7±1.5 kg) were allotted to 14 diets, which contained each of the oilseed products without or with phytase, in a randomized complete block design with six pigs per dietary treatment. The STTD of P in SBM was at least 4 percentage units greater (P<0.05) than the STTD of P in the other ingredients. Adding phytase to the diets reduced fecal output of P from all ingredients and increased (P<0.05) the STTD of P for all ingredients except SFM-DH. The ME concentration in SFS and CS is greater than that of SBM and the STTD of P among these ingredients is comparable, which indicates that SFS and CS may be fed to growing pigs at the expense of SBM.
Large variations exist in prepartum activity among dairy cows continuously housed in a tie-stall barn
Authors: Felton C. A. , Colazo M. G. , Bench C. J. , Ambrose D. J.
Published: August 2013

Felton, C. A., Colazo, M. G., Bench, C. J. and Ambrose, D. J. 2013. Large variations exist in prepartum activity among dairy cows continuously housed in a tie-stall barn. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 435–444. Electronic activity monitoring might assist with the early detection of calving; however, little work has been done to determine if dairy cows housed in tie-stalls changed their activity as calving approached. The objectives were to describe retrospectively, prepartum activity changes in cows housed in tie-stalls using AfiMilk pedometers, and determine if restless activity preceding parturition differed between primiparous and multiparous cows. Twelve primiparous and 12 multiparous Holstein cows housed in tie-stalls were monitored daily by pedometers for 9 d immediately preceding their calving date. Fifteen consecutive hours (1700 to 0800) of activity was recorded during each 24-h period, when cows remained continuously in their stalls, until day −1 (calving = day 0). Activity data from days −9 to −3 were available from all 24 cows, and up to day −1 from 16 cows; based on these data, there was an overall average increase in stepping activity of 34% (range, 32% decrease to 119% increase) from day −2 to day −1. However, only 56% of cows exhibited a 10% or more increase in stepping activity. Primiparous cows tended to have increased stepping activity (1366 ± 116 vs. 1039 ± 116 steps; P = 0.06) and decreased lying bouts frequency (7.5 ± 0.6 vs. 8.1 ± 0.6; P = 0.07) than multiparous cows. They also had significantly shorter lying durations (376 ± 23 vs. 473 ± 23 min; P < 0.01) than multiparous cows. Holstein cows housed continuously in tie-stalls manifested large variations in prepartum activity. Primiparous cows had significantly shorter lying durations than multiparous cows, and tended to have higher mean stepping activity. Further characterization of prepartum activity in dairy cows housed in tie-stalls and the use of steps-to-lying ratio could be valuable to detect imminent parturition, particularly in primiparous cows.
Sales and Firm Entry: The Case of Wal‐Mart
Authors: Glandon P. J. , Jaremski Matthew
Published: August 2013

Temporary price reductions or “sales” have become increasingly important in the evolution of the price level. We present a model of repeated price competition to illustrate how entry causes incumbents to alternate between high and low prices. Using a six‐year panel of weekly observations from a grocery chain, we find that individual stores employ more sales as the distance to Wal‐Mart falls. Moreover, the increase in the frequency of sales was concentrated on the most popular products, suggesting the use of a loss‐leader strategy.
Positive matrix factorization of PM2.5 – eliminating the effects of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds
Authors: Xie M. , Barsanti K. C. , Hannigan M. P. , Dutton S. J. , Vedal S.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Gas-phase concentrations of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) were calculated from gas/particle (G/P) partitioning theory using their measured particle-phase concentrations. The particle-phase data were obtained from an existing filter measurement campaign (27 January 2003–2 October 2005) as a part of the Denver Aerosol Sources and Health (DASH) study, including 970 observations of 71 SVOCs (Xie et al., 2013). In each compound class of SVOCs, the lighter species (e.g. docosane in n alkanes, fluoranthene in PAHs) had higher total concentrations (gas + particle phase) and lower particle-phase fractions. The total SVOC concentrations were analyzed using positive matrix factorization (PMF). Then the results were compared with source apportionment results where only particle-phase SVOC concentrations were used (particle only-based study; Xie et al., 2013). For the particle only-based PMF analysis, the factors primarily associated with primary or secondary sources (n alkane, EC/sterane and inorganic ion factors) exhibit similar contribution time series (r = 0.92–0.98) with their corresponding factors (n alkane, sterane and nitrate + sulfate factors) in the current work. Three other factors (light n alkane/PAH, PAH and summer/odd n alkane factors) are linked with pollution sources influenced by atmospheric processes (e.g. G/P partitioning, photochemical reaction), and were less correlated (r = 0.69–0.84) with their corresponding factors (light SVOC, PAH and bulk carbon factors) in the current work, suggesting that the source apportionment results derived from particle-only SVOC data could be affected by atmospheric processes. PMF analysis was also performed on three temperature-stratified subsets of the total SVOC data, representing ambient sampling during cold (daily average temperature <10 °C), warm (≥10 °C and ≤20 °C) and hot (>20 °C) periods. Unlike the particle only-based study, in this work the factor characterized by the low molecular weight (MW) compounds (light SVOC factor) exhibited strong correlations (r = 0.82–0.98) between the full data set and each sub-data set solution, indicating that the impacts of G/P partitioning on receptor-based source apportionment could be eliminated by using total SVOC concentrations.
Retrieval of cirrus optical thickness and assessment of ice crystal shape from ground-based imaging spectrometry
Authors: Schäfer M. , Bierwirth E. , Ehrlich A. , Heyner F. , Wendisch M.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. A ground-based hyperspectral imaging spectrometer (AisaEAGLE, manufactured by Specim Ltd., Finland) is applied to measure downward spectral radiance fields with high spatial (1024 spatial pixels within 36.7° field of view), spectral (488 spectral pixels, 400–970 nm, 1.25 nm full width at half maximum), and temporal (4–30 Hz) resolution. The calibration, measurement and data evaluation procedures are introduced. A new method is presented to retrieve the cirrus optical thickness (τci) using the spectral radiance data collected by AisaEAGLE. The data were collected during the Cloud Aerosol Radiation and tuRbulence of trade wInd cumuli over BArbados (CARRIBA) project in 2011. The spatial inhomogeneity of the investigated cirrus is characterised by the standard deviation of the retrieved τci as well as the width of its frequency distribution. By comparing measured and simulated downward solar spectral radiance as a function of scattering angle, some evidence of the prevailing cirrus ice crystal shape can be obtained and subsequently used to substantiate the retrieval of τci. The sensitivity of the retrieval method with respect to surface albedo, effective radius (reff), cloud height and ice crystal shape is quantified. An enhanced sensitivity of the retrieved τci is found with respect to the surface albedo (up to 30%) and ice crystal shape (up to 90%). The sensitivity with regard to the effective ice crystal radius (≤ 5%) and the cloud height (≤ 0.5%) is rather small and can be neglected.
LGM permafrost distribution: how well can the latest PMIP multi-model ensembles perform reconstruction?
Authors: Saito K. , Sueyoshi T. , Marchenko S. , Romanovsky V. , Otto-Bliesner B. , Walsh J. , Bigelow N. , Hendricks A. , Yoshikawa K.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Here, global-scale frozen ground distribution from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) has been reconstructed using multi-model ensembles of global climate models, and then compared with evidence-based knowledge and earlier numerical results. Modeled soil temperatures, taken from Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project phase III (PMIP3) simulations, were used to diagnose the subsurface thermal regime and determine underlying frozen ground types for the present day (pre-industrial; 0 kya) and the LGM (21 kya). This direct method was then compared to an earlier indirect method, which categorizes underlying frozen ground type from surface air temperature, applying to both the PMIP2 (phase II) and PMIP3 products. Both direct and indirect diagnoses for 0 kya showed strong agreement with the present-day observation-based map. The soil temperature ensemble showed a higher diversity around the border between permafrost and seasonally frozen ground among the models, partly due to varying subsurface processes, implementation, and settings. The area of continuous permafrost estimated by the PMIP3 multi-model analysis through the direct (indirect) method was 26.0 (17.7) million km2 for LGM, in contrast to 15.1 (11.2) million km2 for the pre-industrial control, whereas seasonally frozen ground decreased from 34.5 (26.6) million km2 to 18.1 (16.0) million km2. These changes in area resulted mainly from a cooler climate at LGM, but from other factors as well, such as the presence of huge land ice sheets and the consequent expansion of total land area due to sea-level change. LGM permafrost boundaries modeled by the PMIP3 ensemble – improved over those of the PMIP2 due to higher spatial resolutions and improved climatology – also compared better to previous knowledge derived from geomorphological and geocryological evidence. Combinatorial applications of coupled climate models and detailed stand-alone physical-ecological models for the cold-region terrestrial, paleo-, and modern climates will advance our understanding of the functionality and variability of the frozen ground subsystem in the global eco-climate system.
Sedimentation monitoring including uncertainty analysis in complex floodplains: a case study in the Mekong Delta
Authors: Manh N. V. , Merz B. , Apel H.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Quantity and quality of sediment deposition in complex floodplains are affected by many processes that are typically highly spatially and temporally variable and hard to quantify exactly. The main processes in this context are suspended sediment transport dynamics in rivers, floodplain channel interactions, and internal floodplain processes. In consequence, any point measurement of sedimentation in floodplains contains a high degree of uncertainty, both stemming from measurement errors and from the lack of representativeness for a larger area. However, up to now, uncertainty analyses have not been performed as part of publications on floodplain sedimentation data. Therefore the present work illustrates a field sampling strategy aiming at the monitoring of floodplain deposition and spatial variability on a large scale and at the quantification of uncertainties associated to sediment deposition data. The study was performed in the Mekong Delta, being an example for a large and complex floodplain with a high degree of anthropogenic disturbances. We present a procedure for the quantification of the uncertainty associated to the data, based on the design of the monitoring campaign, sampling procedures, and floodplain characteristics. Sediment traps were distributed strategically over the floodplain in clusters of three mat traps representing one monitoring point. The uncertainty originating from collection of the traps from still ponding water is quantified by lab experiments. The overall uncertainty of the deposition samples and the associated nutrient content is quantified in a Monte Carlo simulation and illustrated by uncertainty bounds. For the study area the results show a very high variability of the annual floodplain deposition (2.2–60 kg m−2) with uncertainty bounds ranging from −61 to +129% relative to overall mean deposition of 11.4 kg m−2. No correlations in the spatial distribution of sedimentation in the floodplains could be found. This is caused by the highly complex channel and dike system and the high number of hydraulic structures. Also, no differences in deposition between floodplain compartments protected with high and low dikes could be detected. However, it can be shown that within single floodplain compartments the spatial deposition variability depends on the dike levels and operation and location of hydraulic structures.
Characterizing floods in the poorly gauged wetlands of the Tana River Delta, Kenya, using a water balance model and satellite data
Authors: Leauthaud C. , Belaud G. , Duvail S. , Moussa R. , Grünberger O. , Albergel J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. Wetlands, such as those of the Tana River Delta in Kenya, are vital but threatened ecosystems. The flooding characteristics of wetlands largely determine their physical, chemical and biological properties, so their quantification is crucial for wetland management. This quantification can be achieved through hydrological modelling. In addition, the analysis of satellite imagery provides essential hydrological data to monitor floods in poorly gauged zones. The objective of this study was to quantify the main water fluxes and flooding characteristics (extent, duration and number of floods) in the poorly gauged Tana River Delta in East Africa during 2002–2011. To do so, we constructed a lumped hydrological model (the Tana Inundation Model, TIM) that was calibrated and validated with MODIS data. Further analysis of the MYD09A1 500 m composite product provided a map of the empirical probability of flooded state. In non-extreme years and for the current topology of the delta, the flood extent exceeded 300 km2. Floods over 200 km2 occurred on average once a year, with a mean duration of 18 days. River discharge from the upper basin counted for over 95% of the total water inflow. The results are discussed in the light of possible improvements of the models and wetland management issues. This study provides the first known quantification of spatial and temporal flooding characteristics in the Tana River Delta. As such, it is essential for the water and natural resource management of the Tana River basin. The water balance approach was pertinent to the study of this system, for which information on its internal properties and processes is limited. The methodology, a combination of hydrological modelling and flood mapping using MODIS products, should be applicable to other areas, including those for which data are scarce and cloud cover may be high, and where a medium spatial resolution is required.
A novel director-based Bernoulli–Euler beam finite element in absolute nodal coordinate formulation free of geometric singularities
Authors: Gruber P. G. , Nachbagauer K. , Vetyukov Y. , Gerstmayr J.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. A three-dimensional nonlinear finite element for thin beams is proposed within the absolute nodal coordinate formulation (ANCF). The deformation of the element is described by means of displacement vector, axial slope and axial rotation parameter per node. The element is based on the Bernoulli–Euler theory and can undergo coupled axial extension, bending and torsion in the large deformation case. Singularities – which are typically caused by such parameterizations – are overcome by a director per element node. Once the directors are properly defined, a cross sectional frame is defined at any point of the beam axis. Since the director is updated during computation, no singularities occur. The proposed element is a three-dimensional ANCF Bernoulli–Euler beam element free of singularities and without transverse slope vectors. Detailed convergence analysis by means of various numerical static and dynamic examples and comparison to analytical solutions shows the performance and accuracy of the element.
Modelling the benefits of flood emergency management measures in reducing damages: a case study on Sondrio, Italy
Authors: Molinari D. , Ballio F. , Menoni S.
Published: August 2013

Abstract. The European "Floods Directive" 2007/60/EU has produced an important shift from a traditional approach to flood risk management centred only on hazard analysis and forecast to a newer one which encompasses other aspects relevant to decision-making and which reflect recent research advances in both hydraulic engineering and social studies on disaster risk. This paper accordingly proposes a way of modelling the benefits of flood emergency management interventions calculating the possible damages by taking into account exposure, vulnerability, and expected damage reduction. The results of this model can be used to inform decisions and choices for the implementation of flood emergency management measures. A central role is played by expected damages, which are the direct and indirect consequence of the occurrence of floods in exposed and vulnerable urban systems. How damages should be defined and measured is a key question that this paper tries to address. The Floods Directive suggests that mitigation measures taken to reduce flood impact need to be evaluated also by means of a cost–benefit analysis. The paper presents a methodology for assessing the effectiveness of early warning for flash floods, considering its potential impact in reducing direct physical damage, and it assesses the general benefit in regard to other types of damages and losses compared with the emergency management costs. The methodology is applied to the case study area of the city of Sondrio in the northern Alpine region of Italy. A critical discussion follows the application. Its purpose is to highlight the strengths and weaknesses of available models for quantifying direct physical damage and of the general model proposed, given the current state of the art in damage and loss assessment.
HIV-HBV Coinfection among Individuals Attending the ICTC of a Tertiary Care Hospital in West Bengal, India
Authors: Sarkar Jayeeta , Bandyopadhyay Bhaswati , Chakrabarty Runu , Bhattacharya Nemai , Adhikari Srima , Mondal Saiantani , Mukherjee Anurita , Guha Subhasish Kamal
Published: August 2013

Background.Hepatitis B and HIV infections are serious global public health problems. Many of the countries with high HIV burden are also affected by high prevalence of hepatitis B infection, leading to frequent HIV/HBV coinfection. Seroprevalence study is important to assess the magnitude and dynamics of disease transmission and to decide the prevention and control strategy. There is limited data of seroprevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection in West-Bengal, India.Objective.To determine the seroprevalence of HBsAg (hepatitis B surface antigen) positivity among HIV infected individuals attending an integrated counselling and testing centre (ICTC) attached to a tertiary care hospital in eastern India.Materials and Methods.Serum samples collected over a period of 6 months from subjects attending the ICTC were screened for anti-HIV antibodies by using rapid card tests as per the National AIDS Control Organisation (NACO) protocol. Serum samples found to be reactive for HIV antibodies were tested for HBsAg by rapid card test.Results.The seroprevalence of anti-HIV antibody was 17.3%. Among these samples 8.3% were positive for HBsAg.Conclusion.A high prevalence of HIV/HBV co-infection among individuals attending the ICTC in this centre is a cause for concern and warrants urgent intervention.
Amelogenin Peptide Extract Increases Differentiation and Angiogenic and Local Factor Production and Inhibits Apoptosis in Human Osteoblasts
Authors: Olivares-Navarrete Rene , Hyzy Sharon L. , Almaguer-Flores Argelia , Mauth Corinna , Gemperli Anja C. , Boyan Barbara D. , Schwartz Zvi
Published: August 2013

Enamel matrix derivative (EMD), a decellularized porcine extracellular matrix (ECM), is used clinically in periodontal tissue regeneration. Amelogenin, EMD’s principal component, spontaneously assembles into nanospheresin vivo, forming an ECM complex that releases proteolytically cleaved peptides. However, the role of amelogenin or amelogenin peptides in mediating osteoblast response to EMD is not clear. Human MG63 osteoblast-like cells or normal human osteoblasts were treated with recombinant human amelogenin or a 5 kDa tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (TRAP) isolated from EMD and the effect on osteogenesis, local factor production, and apoptosis assessed. Treated MG63 cells increased alkaline phosphatase specific activity and levels of osteocalcin, osteoprotegerin, prostaglandin E2, and active/latent TGF-β1, an effect sensitive to the effector and concentration. Primary osteoblasts exhibited similar, but less robust, effects. TRAP-rich 5 kDa peptides yielded more mineralization than rhAmelogenin in osteoblastsin vitro. Both amelogenin and 5 kDa peptides protected MG63s from chelerythrine-induced apoptosis. The data suggest that the 5 kDa TRAP-rich sequence is an active amelogenin peptide that regulates osteoblast differentiation and local factor production and prevents osteoblast apoptosis.
Planktonic Foraminifera as Oceanographic Proxies: Comparison of Biogeographic Classifications Using Some Southwest Pacific Core-Top Faunas
Authors: Scott G. H.
Published: August 2013

The distribution of planktonic foraminifera, as free-floating protists, is largely controlled by hydrography. Their death assemblages in surficial sediments provide proxy data on upper water mass properties for paleoceanography. Techniques for mapping faunal distributions for this purpose are compared in a study of 35 core-top samples that span the Subtropical Front in the Southwest Pacific. Faunas are analyzed by taxon composition, order of dominant taxa, and abundance. Taxon composition (presence-absence data) and dominant taxa (ordinal data) recognize groups of sites that approximate major water mass distributions (cool subtropical water, subantarctic water) and clearly define the location of the Subtropical Front. Quantitative data (relative abundances) more closely reflect the success of taxa in upper water mass niches. This information resolves groups of sites that reflect differences in intrawater mass hydrography. Comparisons suggest that abundance data should provide much better oceanographic resolution globally than the widely used ordinal biogeographic classification that identifies only Tropical, Subtropical Transitional, Subpolar and Polar provinces. As the data are strongly structured by variance in the abundance of Globigerina bulloides, Globorotalia inflata, Neogloboquadrina incompta, and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma, comparable classifications result from most clustering strategies. Principal coordinates analysis best represents the configuration of sites in two dimensions.
A participatory approach to design a toolbox to support forest management planning at regional level
Authors: Marques A.F. , Borges J. G. , Garcia-Gonzalo J. , Lucas Beatriz , Melo I.
Published: August 2013

Aim of the study: Forest management planning in a region typically involves multiple stakeholders. Decisions processes are idiosyncratic, driven by individual goals and supported by segmented forest-based information. Nevertheless, stakeholders’ decisions do impact one another leading to complex interaction networks where communication, cooperation and negotiation play a key role. This research addresses the need to develop decision tools to support these roles. Emphasis is on the integration of participatory planning tools and techniques in the architecture of a regional decision support toolbox.Area of the study: The proposed approach was applied in the Chamusca County in Central Portugal although it is easily extended to other regions.Material and methods: This research proposes an Enterprise Architecture methodological approach to design a toolbox that may address distinct stakeholders’ interests and decision processes, while enabling communication, cooperation, negotiation and information sharing among all those involved in the regional interactions network.Main results: the proposed approach was tested in a regional network involving decision processes and information shared by 22 entities clustered into 13 stakeholders groups, including industrial owners, and non-industrial private forestland owners (NIPF) - acting individually or grouped into associations and federations -, national and regional offices of the forest authority, forest services providers, non-governmental organizations and research centers. Results suggest that the proposed approach may provide a toolbox that may effectively address stakeholders’ decision processes and goals and support the regional interaction network.Key-words: forest management; multiple stakeholders; decision support systems; enterprise architecture; participatory process.
The State of Clinical Librarianship in Canada: a Review of the Literature, 1970–2013
Authors: Halbert Helen
Published: August 2013

This paper examines the history of clinical librarianship in Canada from 1970 to 2013 as seen through the lens of practitioner narratives and published literature. While no reviews of clinical librarianship in Canada were found in the literature search, there were many project descriptions in articles and published reports that have provided insight into the field during its formative period in Canada from the 1970s. In addition to tracing narrative histories from 1970 to 2013, the author has continued to wonder why these important stories have never properly been told. Was it because the scope of clinical librarianship, its expected and embodied professional duties, was not regulated (as it is in the United States and United Kingdom)? Is it because the American Library Association accredited library schools in Canada do not offer appropriate curricula and professional training? It seems clear that some librarians in Canada were pioneers in the way that Gertrude Lamb was in the United States, but they did not call themselves clinical librarians. Consequently, they opted for more generic job titles such as medical librarian and health librarian. Whatever the reasons for this, it is within this framework that the author begins an exploration of clinical librarianship in Canada. The paper's aim is to provide a view into clinical librarianship in Canada back to the 1970s to ensure the story is properly told.