bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Covid19, Charitable Giving and Collectivism: a data-harvesting approach
Authors: TAYLOR-GOOBY PETER , PETRICEK TOMAS , CUNLIFFE JACK
Published: December 2021

This paper charts responses to urgent appeals by welfare charities through crowd funding websites in order to examine the impact of the Covid19 pandemic on public generosity and social cohesion in the UK. It uses a relatively new method in social policy research, data-harvesting. Online public giving to local charities for vulnerable people sky-rocketed during the crisis, despite the long-established stigmatic treatment of the able-bodied poor of working age, a decade of benefit cuts, the increased stringency of Universal Credit and the long-term downward trend in charity incomes. Welfare policy and the rhetoric that surrounds it is increasingly divisive, although most welfare spending addresses needs or risks that confront all of us. The Covid19 lockdown can be seen as a natural experiment in social inclusion. This paper shows how policy discourse that stresses common humanity in the face of a collective challenge, rather than social divisions, can help build social cohesion.
ROMAN PORTS IN THE LOWER TIBER VALLEY: COMPUTATIONAL APPROACHES TO REASSESS ROME'S PORT SYSTEM
Authors: Moreno Escobar Maria del Carmen
Published: December 2021

This paper presents an innovative study of the port system of Rome in Imperial times through the application of an integrated approach to both archaeological analysis and material evidence. Specifically, it seeks to provide a more complete contextualization and understanding of the port system of Rome by focusing on the exploration of the physical geography of the river Tiber and its transformations in connection with the organization of the port system between the late first century BC and early third century AD. Methodologically, this study is based on the compilation, re-evaluation and analysis of published archaeological and geoarchaeological data and on the application of modelling and simulations techniques within a GIS environment. These foundations and means allow us to reconstruct the development of the river Tiber's historical course in antiquity and its impact on specific organizational aspects of Rome's port system. In this sense, this study provides new insights and avenues of research (applicable to other geographical areas and periods of time) to evaluate the system's changing capacity for transport and the potential existence of a signalling system, in contrast to previous hypotheses on the organization of river traffic along the Tiber.
Narrative Performance and Sociopragmatic Abilities in Preschool Children are Linked to Multimodal Imitation Skills
Authors: CASTILLO Eva , PRONINA Mariia , HÜBSCHER Iris , PRIETO Pilar
Published: December 2021

Over recent decades much research has analyzed the relevance of 9- to 20- month-old infants’ early imitation skills (object- and language-based imitation) for language development. Yet there have been few systematic comparisons of the joint relevance of these imitative behaviors later on in development. This correlational study investigated whether multimodal imitation (gestural, prosodic, and lexical components) and object-based imitation are related to narratives and sociopragmatics in preschoolers. Thirty-one typically developing 3- to 4-year-old children performed four tasks to assess multimodal imitation, object-based imitation, narrative abilities, and sociopragmatic abilities. Results revealed that both narrative and sociopragmatic skills were significantly related to multimodal imitation, but not to object-based imitation, indicating that preschoolers’ ability to imitate socially relevant multimodal cues is strongly related to language and sociocommunicative skills. Therefore, this evidence supports a broader conceptualization of imitation behaviors in the field of language development that systematically integrates prosodic, gestural, and verbal linguistic patterns.
Transjugular venous approach for Piccolo patent ductus arteriosus closure in a 1.4 kg infant
Authors: Herron Christopher , Forbes Thomas J. , Kobayashi Daisuke
Published: December 2021

Transfemoral venous approach is the standard method for transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus closure using the Amplatzer Piccolo patent ductus arteriosus occluder in small infants. We report a 1.4 kg infant who underwent transcatheter Piccolo patent ductus arteriosus closure. Transjugular venous approach was taken due to the unexpected finding of interrupted inferior vena cava.
Campylobacter coli Myocarditis: a case report
Authors: Gomes Sílvia A. , Trigo Conceição , Pinto Fátima F.
Published: December 2021

We report the case of a 14-year-old male presented with raised myocardial injury biomarkers, on the workout, Campylobacter coli was identified on stool culture, treated with antibiotics with total resolution. Cardiac magnetic resonance showed interventricular septum and lateral wall hypokinesia and subepicardial delayed enhancement, with preserved ventricular systolic function. To our knowledge, this is the first report linking Campylobacter coli to myopericarditis in children.
ON HIGHER DIMENSIONAL ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS IN MEYER SETS
Authors: KLICK ANNA , STRUNGARU NICOLAE
Published: December 2021

In this paper we study the existence of higher dimensional arithmetic progressions in Meyer sets. We show that the case when the ratios are linearly dependent over
${\mathbb Z}$
is trivial and focus on arithmetic progressions for which the ratios are linearly independent. Given a Meyer set
$\Lambda $
and a fully Euclidean model set with the property that finitely many translates of cover
$\Lambda $
, we prove that we can find higher dimensional arithmetic progressions of arbitrary length with k linearly independent ratios in
$\Lambda $
if and only if k is at most the rank of the
${\mathbb Z}$
-module generated by . We use this result to characterize the Meyer sets that are subsets of fully Euclidean model sets.
The influence of the seasons: how the agricultural calendar impacts farmer perceptions of cover crops
Authors: Beetstra Margaret , Wilson Robyn , Toman Eric
Published: December 2021

Across the Midwest, substantial funding and personnel time have been allocated to encourage farmers to adopt a wide range of conservation practices but adoption rates for many of these practices remain low. Prior research focuses largely on the influence of individual-level factors (e.g., beliefs, attitudes) on conservation practice adoption rather than on contextual factors (e.g., seasons) that might also play a role. In the present study, we considered seasonal variation and its potential influence on farmer cover crop decision-making. We first established how farmer temporal and financial resources fluctuate across the year and then compared the annual agricultural decision and cover crop decision calendars. We also considered farmer cover crop perceptions and likely behaviors. To study this, we surveyed the same Midwestern farmers in the spring, summer and winter within a 12-month period. Results indicated that farmers were generally the least busy and the most financially comfortable in the winter months. Moreover, farmers perceived the benefits of cover crops differently throughout the year. These results indicate that seasonality can be a confounding factor which should be considered when designing and conducting research and farmer engagement. As researchers, it is our responsibility to understand the specific calendar experienced by our sample and how that may influence responses so we can examine theory-supported factors of interest rather than seasonality as a driver of farmer responses. As practitioners, it is important to use research findings to engage with farmers about conservation in a way that prioritizes communicating about the most salient aspects of the practice at the time of year when farmers will be most receptive.
A second fossil species of the enigmatic rove beetle genusCharhyphusin Eocene Baltic amber, with implications on the morphology of the female genitalia (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Phloeocharinae)
Authors: YAMAMOTO Shûhei , SHAVRIN Alexey V. , KAIRIŠS Kristaps
Published: December 2021

Phloeocharinae is a small and likely non-monophyletic subfamily of rove beetles. The enigmatic genusCharhyphusSharp, 1887 has long been placed in Phloeocharinae, whereas recent studies have found it to be phylogenetically very distant from the core members of this subfamily, suggesting the possibility that it actually deserves its own separate subfamily status. So far, the sole definitive fossil record forCharhyphusis known based on a single male from Eocene Baltic amber as represented by †Charhyphus balticusShavrin, 2020. Here, we describe and illustrate another newCharhyphusspecies, †Charhyphus serratussp. nov. Yamamoto & Shavrin, from Baltic amber based on a well-preserved female fossil. Considering the general proportions of the body and the head, this new species is most similar to †C.balticus. The new species differs from all known species by the development of strong serration of the lateral edges of the pronotum and features of the shape of the apical margin of the mesoventrite. By using X-ray micro-computed tomography, we succeeded in visualising not only the general habitus but also each individual body part, recovering a previously undocumented sclerite on the female internal genital segments in the genus. Morphological features of extinct and extant species ofCharhyphusare briefly discussed. Figures of all extantCharhyphusspecies and a key for the genus are also provided. Our study is important for considering possible higher palaeodiversity, more common occurrence, and palaeobiogeography ofCharhyphus.
Estimating Radiative Forcing With a Nonconstant Feedback Parameter and Linear Response
Authors: Fredriksen Hege‐Beate , Rugenstein Maria , Graversen Rune
Published: December 2021

A new algorithm is proposed for estimating time‐evolving global forcing in climate models. The method is a further development of the work of Forster et al. (2013), https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrd.50174, taking into account the non‐constancy of the global feedbacks. We assume that the non‐constancy of this global feedback can be explained as a time‐scale dependence, associated with linear temperature responses to the forcing on different time scales. With this method we obtain stronger forcing estimates than previously assumed for the representative concentration pathway experiments in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). The reason for the higher future forcing is that the global feedback parameter is more negative at shorter time scales than at longer time scales, consistent with the equilibrium climate sensitivity increasing with equilibration time. Our definition of forcing provides a clean separation of forcing and response, and we find that linear temperature response functions estimated from experiments with abrupt quadrupling of can be used to predict responses also for future scenarios. In particular, we demonstrate that for most models, the response to our new forcing estimate applied on the 21st century scenarios provides a global surface temperature up to year 2100 consistent with the output of coupled model versions of the respective model.
Widespread Mismatch Between Phenology and Climate in Human‐Dominated Landscapes
Authors: Song Yiluan , Zajic Christopher J. , Hwang Taehee , Hakkenberg Christopher R. , Zhu Kai
Published: December 2021

Plants track changing climate partly by shifting their phenology, the timing of recurring biological events. It is unknown whether these observed phenological shifts are sufficient to keep pace with rapid climate changes. Phenological mismatch, or the desynchronization between the timing of critical phenological events, has long been hypothesized but rarely quantified on a large scale. It is even less clear how human activities have contributed to this emergent phenological mismatch. In this study, we used remote sensing observations to systematically evaluate how plant phenological shifts have kept pace with warming trends at the continental scale. In particular, we developed a metric of spatial mismatch that connects empirical spatiotemporal data to ecological theory using the “velocity of change” approach. In northern mid‐to high‐latitude regions (between 30–70°N) over the last three decades (1981–2014), we found evidence of a widespread mismatch between land surface phenology and climate where isolines of phenology lag behind or move in the opposite direction to the isolines of climate. These mismatches were more pronounced in human‐dominated landscapes, suggesting a relationship between human activities and the desynchronization of phenology dynamics with climate variations. Results were corroborated with independent ground observations that indicate the mismatch of spring phenology increases with human population density for several plant species. This study reveals the possibility that not even some of the foremost responses in vegetation activity match the pace of recent warming. This systematic analysis of climate‐phenology mismatch has important implications for the sustainable management of vegetation in human‐dominated landscapes under climate change.
Using TRMM Latent Heat as a Source to Estimate Convection Induced Gravity Wave Momentum Flux in the Lower Stratosphere
Authors: Liu Chuntao , Alexander Joan , Richter Jadwiga , Bacmeister Julio
Published: December 2021

Due to a lack of observations, it is a big challenge to quantify the momentum flux transported from the troposphere into the lower stratosphere by gravity waves generated by convection. This limits our understanding of the dynamics of general circulation in the stratosphere and the realism of simulations of the Quasi Biennial Oscillation. In the past decade, some general circulation models have linked the momentum flux to the latent heating from subgrid scale convective precipitation with some success. However, there is still a large uncertainty in the sources of subgrid scale convection in these models. This study applies the links between the momentum flux and convective latent heating directly to the convective precipitation derived from 16 years of TRMM precipitation radar observations in the tropics and subtropics. The total and directional momentum flux at 100 hPa are derived at individual convective pixels by using the TRMM Spectrum Latent Heating product and large‐scale wind profiles from the ERA‐Interim dataset. For the first time, we are able to estimate the geographical distribution of momentum flux at 100 hPa in tropics and subtropics from the observed convective sources. The diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variations of the derived momentum flux are presented and discussed. These results could provide a reference to validate the dynamic coupling between the tropical troposphere and the stratosphere in the general circulation models.
Pressure-induced superconductivity and structure phase transition in Pt2HgSe3
Authors: Pei Cuiying , Jin Suhua , Huang Peihao , Vymazalova Anna , Gao Lingling , Zhao Yi , Cao Weizheng , Li Changhua , Nemes-Incze Peter , Chen Yulin , Liu Hanyu , Li Gang , Qi Yanpeng
Published: December 2021

Recently monolayer jacutingaite (Pt2HgSe3), a naturally occurring exfoliable mineral, discovered in Brazil in 2008, has been theoretically predicted as a candidate quantum spin Hall system with a 0.5 eV band gap, while the bulk form is one of only a few known dual-topological insulators that may host different surface states protected by symmetries. In this work, we systematically investigate both structure and electronic evolution of bulk Pt2HgSe3 under high pressure up to 96 GPa. The nontrivial topology is theoretically stable, and persists up to the structural phase transition observed in the high-pressure regime. Interestingly, we found that this phase transition is accompanied by the appearance of superconductivity at around 55 GPa and the critical transition temperature Tc increases with applied pressure. Our results demonstrate that Pt2HgSe3 with nontrivial topology of electronic states displays a ground state upon compression and raises potentials in application to the next-generation spintronic devices.
Quantitative prediction of conditional vulnerabilities in regulatory and metabolic networks using PRIME
Authors: Immanuel Selva Rupa Christinal , Arrieta-Ortiz Mario L. , Ruiz Rene A. , Pan Min , Lopez Garcia de Lomana Adrian , Peterson Eliza J. R. , Baliga Nitin S.
Published: December 2021

The ability of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) to adopt heterogeneous physiological states underlies its success in evading the immune system and tolerating antibiotic killing. Drug tolerant phenotypes are a major reason why the tuberculosis (TB) mortality rate is so high, with over 1.8 million deaths annually. To develop new TB therapeutics that better treat the infection (faster and more completely), a systems-level approach is needed to reveal the complexity of network-based adaptations of Mtb. Here, we report a new predictive model called PRIME (Phenotype of Regulatory influences Integrated with Metabolism and Environment) to uncover environment-specific vulnerabilities within the regulatory and metabolic networks of Mtb. Through extensive performance evaluations using genome-wide fitness screens, we demonstrate that PRIME makes mechanistically accurate predictions of context-specific vulnerabilities within the integrated regulatory and metabolic networks of Mtb, accurately rank-ordering targets for potentiating treatment with frontline drugs.
BioCPPNet: automatic bioacoustic source separation with deep neural networks
Authors: Bermant Peter C.
Published: December 2021

We introduce the Bioacoustic Cocktail Party Problem Network (BioCPPNet), a lightweight, modular, and robust U-Net-based machine learning architecture optimized for bioacoustic source separation across diverse biological taxa. Employing learnable or handcrafted encoders, BioCPPNet operates directly on the raw acoustic mixture waveform containing overlapping vocalizations and separates the input waveform into estimates corresponding to the sources in the mixture. Predictions are compared to the reference ground truth waveforms by searching over the space of (output, target) source order permutations, and we train using an objective function motivated by perceptual audio quality. We apply BioCPPNet to several species with unique vocal behavior, including macaques, bottlenose dolphins, and Egyptian fruit bats, and we evaluate reconstruction quality of separated waveforms using the scale-invariant signal-to-distortion ratio (SI-SDR) and downstream identity classification accuracy. We consider mixtures with two or three concurrent conspecific vocalizers, and we examine separation performance in open and closed speaker scenarios. To our knowledge, this paper redefines the state-of-the-art in end-to-end single-channel bioacoustic source separation in a permutation-invariant regime across a heterogeneous set of non-human species. This study serves as a major step toward the deployment of bioacoustic source separation systems for processing substantial volumes of previously unusable data containing overlapping bioacoustic signals.
Semi-automated quantitative analysis of the middle limiting membrane in tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis using swept-source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Agarwal Aniruddha , Kalra Gagan , Agrawal Rupesh , Bansal Reema , Gupta Vishali
Published: December 2021

To analyze the longitudinal changes in the outer plexiform layer (OPL) in patients with tubercular serpiginous-like choroiditis (TB SLC) and compare it to the healthy control population. Clinical and imaging data of subjects with TB SLC (minimum 6-month follow-up) and healthy control subjects were reviewed. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging obtained using swept-source device (DRI Triton, Topcon, Japan) from three visits (baseline, 3 months, and 6 months) were analyzed. Three OCT scans were chosen—one passing through the center of the fovea, one line above, and one line below. After random indexing to anonymize the images, they were pre-processed and fed into an automated pipeline to identify, crop, and measure the area of the OPL in the line scan. Longitudinal comparisons of OPL within the patient group were performed. The study included 32 eyes (16 patients; 11 males; mean age: 32.9 ± 7.8 years) with TB SLC. Twenty-eight eyes (14 subjects; 10 males: mean age: 31.1 ± 6.2 years) of healthy control subjects (age- and gender-matched) were also selected. The area of OPL was significantly different between the baseline and month 6 visit (6288 ± 1803 versus 5487 ± 1461; p = 0.0002) at the central scan passing through the fovea. For the scans above and below the fovea, the reduction in OPL area was significant at each visit (p < 0.0001). In comparison with healthy control subjects, OPL area values in patients with TB SLC were significantly lower at the month-3 (6116 ± 1441 versus 7136 ± 2539; p = 0.04) and the 6-month visit (5487 ± 1461 versus 7136 ± 2539; p < 0.001). The atrophied OPL at month 6 has been referred to as the “middle limiting membrane” (MLM). Subjects with TB SLC may develop progressive atrophy of the OPL resulting in formation of MLM, which is seen as a hyper-reflective line replacing the OPL. The analysis of longitudinal changes in the OPL may be useful in predicting anatomical and functional outcomes in these patients.
Decomposition of cell activities revealing the role of the cell cycle in driving biofunctional heterogeneity
Authors: Lan Tian , Yu Meng , Chen Weisheng , Yin Jun , Chang Hsiang-Tsun , Tang Shan , Zhao Ye , Svoronos Spyros , Wong Samuel W. K. , Tseng Yiider
Published: December 2021

Heterogeneity of cell phenotypes remains a barrier in progressing cell research and a challenge in conquering cancer-related drug resistance. Cell morphology, the most direct property of cell phenotype, evolves along the progression of the cell cycle; meanwhile, cell motility, the dynamic property of cell phenotype, also alters over the cell cycle. However, a quantifiable research understanding the relationship between the cell cycle and cell migration is missing. Herein, we coordinate the migratory behaviours of NIH 3T3 fibroblasts to their corresponding phases of the cell cycle, the G1, the S, and the G2 phases, and explain the relationship through the spatiotemporal arrangements between the Rho GTPases’ signals and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, p21Cip1, and p27Kip1. Taken together, we demonstrate that both cell morphology and the dynamic subcellular behaviour are homogenous within each stage of the cell cycle phases but heterogenous between phases through quantitative cell analyses and an interactive molecular mechanism between the cell cycle and cell migration, posing potential implications in countering drug resistance.
A theoretical approach on the ability of functionalized gold nanoparticles for detection of Cd2+
Authors: Khavani Mohammad , Mehranfar Aliyeh , Izadyar Mohammad
Published: December 2021

Cadmium (Cd) as a toxic element that is widely present in water, soil, and air has important effects on human health, therefore proposing an accurate and selective method for detection of this element is of importance. In this article, by employing full atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and density functional theory dispersion corrected (DFT-D3) calculations, the effects of 6-mercaptonicotinic acid (MNA) and l-cysteine (CYS) on the stability of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and their sensitivity against Cd2+ were investigated. The obtained results indicate that pure AuNPs are not stable in water, while functionalized AuNPs with CYS and MNA groups have considerable stability without aggregation. In other words, the functional groups on the surface of AuNPs elevate their resistance against aggregation by an increase in the repulsive interactions between the gold nanoparticles. Moreover, functionalized AuNPs have considerable ability for selective detection of Cd2+ in the presence of different metal ions. Based on the MD simulation results, MNA-CYS-AuNPs (functionalized AuNPs with both functional groups) have the maximum sensitivity against Cd2+ in comparison with MNA-AuNPs and CYS-AuNPs due to the strong electrostatic interactions. DFT-D3 calculations reveal that the most probable interactions between the metal ions and functional groups are electrostatic, and Cd2+ can aggregate functionalized AuNPs due to strong electrostatic interactions with MNA and CYS groups. Moreover, charge transfer and donor–acceptor analyses show that molecular orbital interactions between the functional groups and Cd2+ can be considered as the driving force for AuNPs aggregation. A good agreement between the theoretical results and experimental data confirms the importance of the molecular modeling methods as a fast scientific protocol for designing new functionalized nanoparticles for application in different fields.
Green synthesis of bimetallic ZnO–CuO nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity properties
Authors: Cao Yan , Dhahad Hayder A. , El-Shorbagy M. A. , Alijani Hajar Q. , Zakeri Mana , Heydari Abolfazl , Bahonar Ehsan , Slouf Miroslav , Khatami Mehrdad , Naderifar Mahin , Iravani Siavash , Khatami Sanaz , Dehkordi Farnaz Farzaneh
Published: December 2021

In this study, a simple and green strategy was reported to prepare bimetallic nanoparticles (NPs) by the combination of zinc oxide (ZnO) and copper oxide (CuO) using Sambucus nigra L. extract. The physicochemical properties of these NPs such as crystal structure, size, and morphology were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results suggested that these NPs contained polygonal ZnO NPs with hexagonal phase and spherical CuO NPs with monoclinic phase. The anticancer activity of the prepared bimetallic NPs was evaluated against lung and human melanoma cell lines based on MTT assay. As a result, the bimetallic ZnO/CuO NPs exhibited high toxicity on melanoma cancer cells while their toxicity on lung cancer cells was low.
Comparative assessment of favipiravir and remdesivir against human coronavirus NL63 in molecular docking and cell culture models
Authors: Wang Yining , Li Pengfei , Rajpoot Sajjan , Saqib Uzma , Yu Peifa , Li Yunlong , Li Yang , Ma Zhongren , Baig Mirza S. , Pan Qiuwei
Published: December 2021

Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) mainly affects young children and immunocompromised patients, causing morbidity and mortality in a subset of patients. Since no specific treatment is available, this study aims to explore the anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents including favipiravir and remdesivir for treating HCoV-NL63 infection. We first successfully modelled the 3D structure of HCoV-NL63 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) based on the experimentally solved SARS-CoV-2 RdRp structure. Molecular docking indicated that favipiravir has similar binding affinities to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 RdRp with LibDock scores of 75 and 74, respectively. The LibDock scores of remdesivir to SARS-CoV-2 and HCoV-NL63 were 135 and 151, suggesting that remdesivir may have a higher affinity to HCoV-NL63 compared to SARS-CoV-2 RdRp. In cell culture models infected with HCoV-NL63, both favipiravir and remdesivir significantly inhibited viral replication and production of infectious viruses. Overall, remdesivir compared to favipiravir is more potent in inhibiting HCoV-NL63 in cell culture. Importantly, there is no evidence of resistance development upon long-term exposure to remdesivir. Furthermore, combining favipiravir or remdesivir with the clinically used antiviral cytokine interferon-alpha resulted in synergistic effects. These findings provided a proof-of-concept that anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs, in particular remdesivir, have the potential to be repurposed for treating HCoV-NL63 infection.
Rib fracture detection system based on deep learning
Authors: Yao Liding , Guan Xiaojun , Song Xiaowei , Tan Yanbin , Wang Chun , Jin Chaohui , Chen Ming , Wang Huogen , Zhang Minming
Published: December 2021

Rib fracture detection is time-consuming and demanding work for radiologists. This study aimed to introduce a novel rib fracture detection system based on deep learning which can help radiologists to diagnose rib fractures in chest computer tomography (CT) images conveniently and accurately. A total of 1707 patients were included in this study from a single center. We developed a novel rib fracture detection system on chest CT using a three-step algorithm. According to the examination time, 1507, 100 and 100 patients were allocated to the training set, the validation set and the testing set, respectively. Free Response ROC analysis was performed to evaluate the sensitivity and false positivity of the deep learning algorithm. Precision, recall, F1-score, negative predictive value (NPV) and detection and diagnosis were selected as evaluation metrics to compare the diagnostic efficiency of this system with radiologists. The radiologist-only study was used as a benchmark and the radiologist-model collaboration study was evaluated to assess the model’s clinical applicability. A total of 50,170,399 blocks (fracture blocks, 91,574; normal blocks, 50,078,825) were labelled for training. The F1-score of the Rib Fracture Detection System was 0.890 and the precision, recall and NPV values were 0.869, 0.913 and 0.969, respectively. By interacting with this detection system, the F1-score of the junior and the experienced radiologists had improved from 0.796 to 0.925 and 0.889 to 0.970, respectively; the recall scores had increased from 0.693 to 0.920 and 0.853 to 0.972, respectively. On average, the diagnosis time of radiologist assisted with this detection system was reduced by 65.3 s. The constructed Rib Fracture Detection System has a comparable performance with the experienced radiologist and is readily available to automatically detect rib fracture in the clinical setting with high efficacy, which could reduce diagnosis time and radiologists’ workload in the clinical practice.
Vulnerability to collapse of coral reef ecosystems in the Western Indian Ocean
Authors: Obura David , Gudka Mishal , Samoilys Melita , Osuka Kennedy , Mbugua James , Keith David A. , Porter Sean , Roche Ronan , van Hooidonk Ruben , Ahamada Said , Araman Armindo , Karisa Juliet , Komakoma John , Madi Mouchtadi , Ravinia Isabelle , Razafindrainibe Haja , Yahya Saleh , Zivane Francisco
Published: December 2021

Ecosystems worldwide are under increasing threat. We applied a standardized method for assessing the risk of ecosystem collapse, the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Ecosystems, to coral reefs in the Western Indian Ocean (WIO), covering 11,919 km2 of reef (~5% of the global total). Our approach combined indicators of change in historic ecosystem extent, ecosystem functioning (hard corals, fleshy algae, herbivores and piscivores) and projected sea temperature warming. We show that WIO coral reefs are vulnerable to collapse at the regional level, while in 11 nested ecoregions they range from critically endangered (islands, driven by future warming) to vulnerable (continental coast and northern Seychelles, driven principally by fishing pressure). Responses to avoid coral reef collapse must include ecosystem-based management of reefs and adjacent systems combined with mitigating and adapting to climate change. Our approach can be replicated across coral reefs globally to help countries and other actors meet conservation and sustainability targets set under multiple global conventions—including the Convention on Biological Diversity’s post-2020 global biodiversity framework and the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals.
The flavonoid procyanidin C1 has senotherapeutic activity and increases lifespan in mice
Authors: Xu Qixia , Fu Qiang , Li Zi , Liu Hanxin , Wang Ying , Lin Xu , He Ruikun , Zhang Xuguang , Ju Zhenyu , Campisi Judith , Kirkland James L. , Sun Yu
Published: December 2021

Ageing-associated functional decline of organs and increased risk for age-related chronic pathologies is driven in part by the accumulation of senescent cells, which develop the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Here we show that procyanidin C1 (PCC1), a polyphenolic component of grape seed extract (GSE), increases the healthspan and lifespan of mice through its action on senescent cells. By screening a library of natural products, we find that GSE, and PCC1 as one of its active components, have specific effects on senescent cells. At low concentrations, PCC1 appears to inhibit SASP formation, whereas it selectively kills senescent cells at higher concentrations, possibly by promoting production of reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial dysfunction. In rodent models, PCC1 depletes senescent cells in a treatment-damaged tumour microenvironment and enhances therapeutic efficacy when co-administered with chemotherapy. Intermittent administration of PCC1 to either irradiated, senescent cell-implanted or naturally aged old mice alleviates physical dysfunction and prolongs survival. We identify PCC1 as a natural senotherapeutic agent with in vivo activity and high potential for further development as a clinical intervention to delay, alleviate or prevent age-related pathologies.
Doping Pb2+ in LaAlO3 to generate dual emission centers and an optical storage container for visible and near infrared persistent luminescence
Authors: Li Siyuan , Zhu Qi , Xiahou Junqing , Li Ji-Guang
Published: December 2021

Doping Pb2+ in LaAlO3 resulted in dual emission centers, which could contribute to cyan and NIR light emission.
Atomic layer deposition of SnSex thin films using Sn(N(CH3)2)4 and Se(Si(CH3)3)2 with NH3 co-injection
Authors: Jeon Jeong Woo , Yoo Chanyoung , Kim Woohyun , Choi Wonho , Park Byongwoo , Lee Yoon Kyeung , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: December 2021

This study introduces the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of tin selenide thin films. By changing the growth temperature, the chemical composition of the Sn/Se ratio could be varied for the given precursor injection conditions.
Paramagnetic one-dimensional chains containing high-spin manganese atoms showing antiferromagnetic interaction through –Pt–Rh–Rh–Pt– bonds
Authors: Uemura Kazuhiro , Aoki Yusuke , Takamori Atsushi
Published: December 2021

Five unpaired electrons localized on high-spin Mn(+2) ions were successfully introduced into a heterometallic one-dimensional chain showing weak antiferromagnetic interaction.
Hydrogen evolution, electron-transfer, and hydride-transfer reactions in a nickel–iron hydrogenase model complex: a theoretical study of the distinctive reactivities for the conformational isomers of nickel–iron hydride
Authors: Isegawa Miho , Matsumoto Takahiro , Ogo Seiji
Published: December 2021

The different reactivity of the isomers of NiFe hydride was characterized by DFT calculations.
Domino Michael/Michael reaction catalyzed by switchable modularly designed organocatalysts
Authors: Parella Ramarao , Jakkampudi Satish , Bora Pranjal , Sakkani Nagaraju , Zhao John C.-G.
Published: December 2021

Both the enamine and iminium catalysis of the MDOs are switchable. Upon switching on both catalytic modes, the MDOs were used for catalyzing the domino Michael/Michael reaction between (E)-7-aryl-7-oxohept-5-enals and trans-cinnamaldehydes.
The production of high-quality biofuel from waste oil
Authors: Jiang Xia , Long Feng , Zhao Jiaping , Liu Peng , Jiang Jianchun , Xu Junming
Published: December 2021

In this work, a novel method was reported to produce biofuels for meeting the specifications.
Microbiota transplants from feces or gut content attenuated portal hypertension and portosystemic collaterals in cirrhotic rats
Authors: Huang Hui-Chun , Tsai Ming-Hung , Chang Ching-Chih , Pun Chon Kit , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Hou Ming-Chih , Lee Fa-Yauh , Hsu Shao-Jung
Published: December 2021

Liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension is the end of chronic liver injury with hepatic, splanchnic and portosystemic collateral systems dysregulation. Liver injury is accompanied by gut dysbiosis whereas dysbiosis induces liver fibrosis, splanchnic angiogenesis and dysregulated vascular tones vice versa, making portal hypertension aggravated. It has been proved that intestinal microbiota transplantation alleviates dysbiosis. Nevertheless, the influences of microbiota transplantation on cirrhosis-related portal hypertension are not so clear. Liver cirrhosis with portal hypertension was induced by bile duct ligation (BDL) in rats. Sham rats were surgical controls. Rats randomly received vehicle, fecal or gut (terminal ileum) material transplantation. The results showed that microbiota transplantation from feces or gut material significantly reduced portal pressure in cirrhotic rats (P=0.010, 0.044). Hepatic resistance, vascular contractility, fibrosis and relevant protein expressions were not significantly different among cirrhotic rats. However, microbiota transplantation ameliorated splanchnic hyperdynamic flow and vasodilatation. Mesenteric angiogenesis, defined by whole mesenteric window vascular density, decreased in both transplantation groups and phosphorylated endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) was down-regulated. Portosystemic shunts determined by splenorenal shunt (SRS) flow decreased in both transplantation groups (P=0.037, 0.032). Shunting severity assessed by microsphere distribution method showed consistent results. Compared with sham rats, cirrhotic rats lacked Lachnospiraceae. Both microbiota transplants increased Bifidobacterium. In conclusion, microbiota transplantation in cirrhotic rats reduced portal pressure, alleviated splanchnic hyperdynamic circulation and portosystemic shunts. The main beneficial effects may be focused on portosystemic collaterals-related events, such as hepatic encephalopathy and gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage. Further clinical investigations are mandatory.
Sampling molecular gas in the Helix planetary nebula: Variation in HNC/HCN with UV flux
Authors: Bublitz J. , Kastner J. H. , Hily-Blant P. , Forveille T. , Santander-García M. , Alcolea J. , Bujarrabal V.
Published: December 2021

Context. Observations of molecular clouds, prestellar cores, and protoplanetary disks have established that the HNC/HCN ratio may be a potent diagnostic of molecular gas physical conditions. The processes that govern the relative abundances of these molecules nevertheless remain poorly understood.

Aims. We seek to exploit the wide range of UV irradiation strengths within the ∼pc diameter Helix planetary nebula to explore the potential role of UV radiation in driving HNC/HCN.

Methods. We performed IRAM 30 m and APEX 12 m radio line observations across six positions within the Helix Nebula, making use of radiative transfer and photodissociation modeling codes to interpret the results for line intensities and line ratios in terms of the molecular gas properties.

Results. We have obtained the first detections of the plasma-embedded Helix molecular knots (globules) in HCN, HNC, HCO+, and other trace molecules. Analysis of the HNC/HCN integrated line intensity ratio reveals an increase with radial distance from the Helix central star. In the context of molecular line ratios of other planetary nebulae from the literature, the HNC/HCN ratio appears to be anticorrelated with UV emission over four orders of magnitude in incident flux. Models of the photodissociation regions within the Helix using the RADEX and Meudon codes reveal strong constraints on the column density (1.5–2.5 × 1012 cm−2) of the molecular gas, as well as pressure and temperature. Analysis of the molecular ion HCO+ across the Helix indicates that X-ray irradiation is likely driving HCO+ production in the outer regions of planetary nebulae, where photodissociation is limited but cold gas and ionized molecules are abundant.

Conclusions. Although the observational results clearly indicate that UV irradiation is important in determining the HNC/HCN ratio, our photodissociation region modeling indicates that the UV flux gradient alone cannot reproduce the observed variation in HNC/HCN across the Helix Nebula. Instead, HNC/HCN appears to be dependent on both UV irradiation and gas pressure and density.
Losing a minute every two years: SRG X-ray view of the rapidly accelerating X-ray pulsar SXP 1323
Authors: Mereminskiy I. A. , Mushtukov A. A. , Lutovinov A. A. , Tsygankov S. S. , Semena A. N. , Molkov S. V. , Shtykovsky A. E.
Published: December 2021

The source SXP 1323 is a peculiar high-mass X-ray binary located in the Small Magellanic Cloud. It is renowned for its rapid spin-up. We investigate for the first time broadband X-ray properties of SXP 1323 as observed by the Mikhail Pavlinsky ART-XC and eROSITA telescopes on board the Spectrum-Roentgen-Gamma observatory. Using ART-XC and eROSITA data, we produced a first broadband 1−20 keV X-ray spectrum and estimated the pulsed fraction box 8 keV. With the addition of archival XMM-Newton observations, we traced the evolution of the spin period of SXP 1323 over the last five years and found that after 2016, the source switched to a linear spin-up with a rate of −29.9 s yr−1. The broadband X-ray spectrum is typical for accreting X-ray pulsars. It has a steep power-law index (Γ = −0.15) and an exponential cutoff energy of 5.1 keV. No significant difference between spectra obtained in states with and without pulsations were found.
The radio spectral turnover of radio-loud quasars at z > 5
Authors: Shao Yali , Wagg Jeff , Wang Ran , Momjian Emmanuel , Carilli Chris L. , Walter Fabian , Riechers Dominik A. , Intema Huib T. , Weiss Axel , Brunthaler Andreas , Menten Karl M.
Published: December 2021

We present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array S- (2–4 GHz), C- (4–8 GHz), and X-band (8–12 GHz) continuum observations toward seven radio-loud quasars at z > 5. This sample has previously been found to exhibit spectral peaks at observed-frame frequencies above ∼1 GHz. We also present upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (uGMRT) band-2 (200 MHz), band-3 (400 MHz), and band-4 (650 MHz) radio continuum observations toward eight radio-loud quasars at z > 5, selected from our previous GMRT survey, in order to sample their low-frequency synchrotron emission. Combined with archival radio continuum observations, all ten targets show evidence for spectral turnover. The turnover frequencies are ∼1–50 GHz in the rest frame, making these targets gigahertz-peaked-spectrum or high-frequency-peaker candidates. For the nine well-constrained targets with observations on both sides of the spectral turnover, we fit the entire radio spectrum with absorption models associated with synchrotron self-absorption and free-free absorption (FFA). Our results show that FFA in an external inhomogeneous medium can accurately describe the observed spectra for all nine targets, which may indicate an FFA origin for the radio spectral turnover in our sample. As for the complex spectrum of J114657.79+403708.6 at z = 5.00 with two spectral peaks, it may be caused by multiple components (i.e., core-jet) and FFA by the high-density medium in the nuclear region. However, we cannot rule out the spectral turnover origin of variability. Based on our radio spectral modeling, we calculate the radio loudness R2500 Å for our sample, which ranges from 12−1+1 to 674−51+61.
Study of Struvite Crystal Growth with The Addition of Tartaric Acid
Authors: Suci Perwitasari Dyah , Soraya Santi Sintha , Muryanto Stefanus , Jamari J , Bayuseno AP
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to study the growth of struvite crystals from the effect of adding tartaric acid additives to an aqueous solution containing Mg2+, NH4+, and PO43-with a molar ratio of 1:1:1. The results of the study, it was found that the more the concentration of tartaric acid additive was added, it got smaller the rate constant was. By decreasing the value of the constant rate, the growth of struvite crystals also decreased then the growth of struvite crystals became inhibited. On the other hand, struvite has the potential to be used as a fertilizer. The concentration of tartaric acid also had a significant effect on controlling the production of struvite. The optimum crystal mass was obtained at a concentration of 20 ppm tartaric acid, a temperature of 40oC and a stirrer rotation of 300 rpm so that it can be applied in manufacture industry of struvite fertilizer.
Restaurant wastewater treatment with a two-chamber septic tank and a sequencing batch reactor
Authors: Hendrasarie Novirina , Nugraha MYC , Fadilah Kabul
Published: December 2021

Restaurant wastewater in Indonesia comprises a variety of organic components that are difficult to degrade, such as COD, BOD, TSS, and oils and fats. Although grease traps are usually used to collect restaurant wastewater, the effluent still exceeds the applicable standards. For this reason, the combined technology of a two-chamber septic tank (ST) and a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was chosen for this investigation. Both are biological treatment methods that involve an anaerobic and aerobic phase. This reactor will operate with a continuous influent flow that will be processed sequentially but discharged intermittently. The hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the ST-SBR was 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours, at aeration rates of 7 and 14 L/min, respectively. The results showed that introducing a Septic Tank increased the percentage of organic content removed and shortened the optimal HRT, resulting in a 24-hour optimal HRT and a 14 L/min aeration rate. With an average efficiency of 86.72% to 98.63% in removing organic components.
Development Of Circular Polarization 5.5 Ghz Microstrip Antenna E-Shaped For Synthetic Aperture Radar Communication
Authors: Wibisono Kunto Aji , Alfita Riza , Rahman Alfian Nur , Kurniawan Farohaji , Kurniawan Adi , Laksono Deni
Published: December 2021

This paper presents development of circular polarization 5.5 GHz microstrip antenna E-shaped for synthetic aperture radar Communication. Microstrip antenna designed Truncated E-shaped the centered frequency is 5.5 GHz and bandwidth that is wide 200 Mhz for Synthetic Aperture Radar communication. The proposed antenna on 1.6 mm thickness of FR-4 substrate with the dielectric constant 4.6. The best simulated result can achieve -10dB reflection coefficient bandwidth 600 Mhz, VSWR 1,578, gain 5,67 dbiC and axial ratio 2,947 with left-handed circular polarization. The best measurement result can achieve -10 dB reflection coefficient bandwidth 951 MHz (5.304-6.255), VSWR 1,25, gain 6,17 dBiC with left-handed circular polarization.
Analysis of Quality Control of Avtur Fuel in The Storage Tank at PT. XYZ on The Value of Electrical Conductivity During Covid-19
Authors: Sasmita  , Rohana S , Dewi A C
Published: December 2021

In the process of receiving Avtur/Jet A-1 by PT. XYZ, the product received often does not meet the specification standard on the Electrical Conductivity. To overcome, doping Stadis 450 was carried out which could increase the Conductivity Unit. In the doping process, there are inefficiencies in the use of the Stadis 450. The result obtained indicates that all the final CUs are not following the CU target with an average difference of 41.67 pS/m. Also, the current pandemic conditions have resulted in the stockpiling of Avtur/Jet A-1 in the stockpile tank for a longer time. So that PT. XYZ increases the CU target in the doping process so the CU value can be appropriate when used. Determination of CU targets in trial and error without standard considerations will lead to waste in the use of Stadis 450 and increase the potential for discrepancies that occur in the doping process. To minimize, a reduction in CU Avtur/Jet A-1 is calculated as one of the suggestions in considering the CU target to be achieved. The result of the observed decline based on hoarding data showed that there was an average decline of 6.4646 pS/m per day.