bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Usefulness of monthly rainfall normals in agroclimatic mapping
Authors: KELKAR R. R.
Published: October 2021

Rainfall has the most dominating influence on Indian agriculture. It is, however, commonly argued that monthly rainfall data are not adequate for agricultural planning, for which intervals of 10 days, week or shorter would be appropriate, 'The paper reviews some of the attempts made in this direction, particularly for the state of Maharashtra in Peninsular India. It then explains how the results of such studies can be derived by a simpler method of mapping which involves only monthly normals of rainfall and number of rainy days.
Understanding Penicillin Allergy, Cross-reactivity, and Antibiotic Selection in the Preoperative Setting
Authors: Sarfani Shumaila , Stone Cosby A. , Murphy G. Andrew , Richardson David R.
Published: October 2021

Penicillin allergies are reported by 8% to 15% of the US population, but up to 95% of these allergies do not correspond to a true allergy when tested. Recent studies have demonstrated that having a penicillin allergy label (PAL) results in a 50% increased odds of surgical site infection among patients reporting a penicillin allergy entirely attributable to the use of a beta-lactam alternative antibiotic (primarily clindamycin or vancomycin). This study provides a review of the prevalence of PAL, the cross-reactivity with cefazolin, immunogenic components of cefazolin and penicillin, and current guidelines for preoperative antibiotic selection in patients with PALs. On understanding these principles, a new set of guidelines and a risk stratification tool are proposed for assessing allergies and determining appropriate antibiotic choice, dosage, and timing in the orthopaedic preoperative setting.
Hosting Naturopathic Residents: A Gamechanger for My Practice
Authors: Rade Bryan
Published: October 2021

A few years ago, I didn’t give much thought to naturopathic residencies. During my CCNM years (class of 2008), I remember chatting with classmates about how naturopathic doctors should partake in residencies just like medical doctors. However, the concept seemed like a distant dream because each year only a few in-house CCNM residency positions were available. I imagined that until the equivalent of a naturopathic teaching hospital existed, ND residencies would simply be few and far between, and new grads would have to carve out their own mentorship opportunities via shadowing or working as associates.
The Emerging Role of Naturopathic Medical Care in Health Promotion and Aging
Authors: Buckley-Strobel Erika
Published: October 2021

The numbers of seniors as a proportion of the Canadian population has never been higher. This has created strain on provincial health care budgets across Canada, as rates of patients with chronic diseases and complex needs continues to rise. Given these challenges, the need for a collaborative and health-promotion focused model for seniors' health care has never been more urgent. There is a strong argument to be made that naturopathic doctors (NDs) are ideally suited to fill this gap, because of their unique training and philosophies of care, and should be funded in a community health model. The benefits of this solution are: for ND clinicians, greatly expanded practice opportunities; for communities, that seniors will increasingly be able to age in place successfully; and for government, that cost savings will accrue to provincial health budgets from decreased chronic disease burden and demands for hospital and long-term based care.
Manajemen Kepeserta Didikan dalam Pengembangan Kecerdasan Intelektual dan Emosional Peserta Didik
Authors: Susanto Waras Didik , Swandari Tatik
Published: October 2021

This article aims to describe and analyze: student recruitment and development in the development of intellectual-emotional intelligence of students at MTS. Ma'arif Randegansari Driyorejo Gresik. This article uses a qualitative approach with the type of case study research. The location of this research is MTS. Ma'arif Randegansari Driyorejo Gresik,. Data was collected using observation, structured and in-depth interviews and documentation. The analysis uses data reduction techniques, data presentation and conclusion drawing. Checking the validity of the findings is done by triangulation. Based on the process of data collection and analysis, researchers can conclude several things, namely: (1) Recruitment of new students at MTS. Ma'arif Randegansari Driyorejo Gresik,: active recruit approach with Walks-ins; new prospective students come to MTS. Ma'arif Randegansari Driyorejo Gresik, and registered, and Write-ins; prospective new students and their parents write a registration form. Implementation of Matsama: developing the cognition of new students in terms of divergent and convergent thinking skills. (2) Placement of students in MTS. Ma'arif Randegansari Driyorejo Gresik,: Abjad system; placement of learning in the classroom (intracurricular), The Dual Progress Plan Grouping; dividing students into several groups who have heterogeneous intelligence and are guided by a teacher (Self-Contained Classroom). Fingerprint system; placement of students in the development of talents and interests (extracurricular). (3) Student development in the development of intellectual-emotional intelligence: (a) intracurricular; learning in the classroom, (b) extracurricular; olympiad tutoring quark science, mathematics, English, tahfidz, scouts, guidance programs, discipline, reflection, and muhasabah.
PERAN GURU DALAM PENINGKATAN KEDISIPLINAN SISWA
Authors: An Nahdliyah Khumairoh , Fatikah Noor , Hardianti Sri
Published: October 2021

A teacher has a very important role in developing the character and attitude of the Duha prayer discipline towards students in school. Discipline is a strict rule in which the contents and formulation of the rules are carefully thought out and developed in a more real way so that what is desired can be realized as expected. Discipline can give birth to the spirit of appreciating time, not wasting it. This research is a qualitative field research, the form of research is descriptive qualitative using data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews, and documentation. Furthermore, data analysis was carried out using descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed that: the role of fiqh teachers in improving student discipline through prayer in congregation at MTs Midanutta'lim Mayangan Jogoroto Jombang includes habituation, enforcing discipline, awareness, supervision, and examples or role models. Supporting factors for fiqh teachers in an effort to improve discipline in congregational prayer among students are facilities, natural resources, and support from the surrounding community. Barriers to fiqh teachers in an effort to improve discipline in congregational prayer among students. namely the lack of awareness of students and their different family backgrounds. Meanwhile, the solution for fiqh teachers in overcoming obstacles in an effort to improve discipline in congregational prayer is: providing guidance to students and the participation of parents at home.
PEMBENTUKAN RANAH AFEKTIF SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN FIKIH DI MA AL URWATUL WUTSQO BULUREJO DIWEK JOMBANG
Authors: Ainiyah Qurrotul , Puji Lestari Suharti
Published: October 2021

Demanding knowledge is not just a transfer of knowledge for the benefit of the world, not just intelligence without thinking about spirituality and morals. So that learning must cover all aspects, from intelligence to moral intelligence for everyday life. The affective domain is very important, where today many people understand religion but have not yet practiced it, because affective values ??and religious values ??have not yet become a reflection of their daily attitudes. This study reveals the formation of students' affective domains in fiqh learning which is integrated with the Ahkam Tafsir at Al Urwatul  Wutsqo Bulurejo DIwek Jombang which is manifested in the formation of attitudes and awareness of students to apply Islamic law in daily life.
Pesantren Masa Depan
Authors: Afifah Binti Nur , Asyadulloh Fahad
Published: October 2021

The discourse about building an educational paradigm that is suitable for application in pesantren institutions is still interesting to discuss. Many conceptual offers have been presented. This is closely related to the role of pesantren in the modern era with its complexities and problems. Traditional and modern Islamic boarding schools are considered inadequate in responding to the challenges of the times between pragmatic needs and the fulfillment of the moral-spiritual dimension. For this reason, this article intends to offer a pesantren education paradigm that combines traditional and modern components. That the integrated paradigm based on al-Muhafazah 'ala al-Qadim al-Salih wa al-Akhd bi al-Jadid al-Aslah is expected to be able to alleviate the complexity of the education system implemented in Islamic boarding schools. At the very least, this offer is the first step towards a future pesantren with the spirit of salih li kulli zaman wa al-makan; have sensitivity and care about the development of the world. In turn, they are able to produce competent individuals, both in the field of faith and piety and also competence in the field of science and technology (science and technology).
Manajemen Kurikulum Berbasis Madrasah Di MTs Bahrul Ulum Gadingmangu Perak Jombang
Authors: Sintasari Beny , Fitria Nuzulul
Published: October 2021

This research to analyze and describe the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the madrasa-based curriculum at MTs Bahrul Ulum Gadingmangu Perak Jombang. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with the type of field study research. For data collection techniques through interview techniques, observation, and documentation. Meanwhile, to check and examine data from various data collection techniques and existing data sources, the researchers used source triangulation techniques. The results of the research found are: (1) Madrasa-based curriculum planning begins with a meeting at the beginning of the school year and the formation of a curriculum development team. Curriculum planning refers to curriculum components, among others, determining curriculum objectives in accordance with the madrasa's vision and mission, determining learning content or materials, learning processes (methods), learning evaluations carried out by written tests and oral tests, (2) Implementation of a curriculum-based Madrasahs are divided into two parts, namely the implementation of the madrasa level curriculum who is responsible for the madrasah principal and the implementation of the class level curriculum is the responsibility of the educator, (3) Madrasa-based curriculum evaluation is carried out by evaluating the level of curriculum achievement, evaluating the performance of educators related to the implementation of the curriculum at the classroom level and assessment of student learning outcomes.
Surgical outcomes of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)- abbrevo® and TVT-obturator® for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence: a retrospective study
Authors: Kim Min Kyeong , Kim Ju Hee , Chae Hee Dong , Chung Jin Ha , Kim Hyeon Ji , Lee Sa Ra , Kim Sung Hoon
Published: October 2021

ObjectiveWe compared the efficacy and postoperative complications of tension-free vaginal tape (TVT)-abbrevo® (TVT-A) and TVT-obturator® (TVT-O) surgeries for the treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI).MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 143 female patients with SUI who underwent TVT-A or TVT-O surgery between January 2010 and December 2019 at the Asan Medical Center in Seoul. We evaluated intra- and postoperative complications such as bladder injury, groin pain, urinary retention, and mesh exposure. We also checked the success rate at 6 months after surgery.ResultsThere were no complications, including fever, hematuria, hematoma of the vulva, or bladder injury, immediately after surgery in either group. Postoperative complications 2 weeks post-surgery were groin pain (11.3%), urinary retention (4.9%), and mesh exposure (0.7%). Groin pain was not significantly different between the two groups at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months after surgery (TVT-O vs. TVT-A after 2 weeks: 12.5% vs. 10.3%, P=0.791; 3 months: 0.0% vs. 1.4%, P=0.999; and 6 months: 0.0% vs. 0.0%, P=0.999). Over 90% of the patients reported cure or improved symptoms in both groups. In the univariate logistic analysis, the type of TVT (TVT-O or TVT-A) was not associated with the success rate (odds ratio, 3.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.59-17.40; P=0.175).ConclusionTVT-A surgery is comparable with TVT-O in terms of high success rate and low frequency of complications, including bladder injury and groin pain.
Maternal pre-pregnancy underweight and the risk of small-for-gestational-age in Asian-American ethnic groups
Authors: Salihu Hamisu M. , Garcia Brisa Y. , Dongarwar Deepa , Maiyegun Sitratullah O. , Yusuf Korede K. , Agili Dania E. Al
Published: October 2021

Objective This study aimed to examine the association between maternal pre-pregnancy underweight and the risk of small-forgestational-age (SGA) birth among Asian Americans compared with non-Hispanic (NH) whites.Methods Using 2014-2018 birth data, we categorized maternal underweight and SGA according to severity. Bivariate analyses were performed to examine the demographics and maternal body mass index (BMI). Adjusted logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between maternal BMI and SGA among Asian Americans compared with NH-Whites.Results In Asian Americans, the likelihood of SGA birth was higher among underweight mothers than among mothers with a normal BMI (odds ratio [OR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-1.46). We observed that as the severity of maternal underweight increased, the adjusted odds of SGA increased. Underweight Asian American mothers were more likely to give birth to SGA infants than underweight NH-White mothers (OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.28-1.44).Conclusion This study shows the association between maternal underweight and SGA birth among Asian Americans, supporting the development of culture-sensitive interventions addressing the impact of weight on pregnancy.
The effect of the traffic composition on the urban traffic capacity. Passenger car equivalent coefficients
Authors: Nemchinov Dmitri , Martiakhin Dmitri , Pospelov Pavel , Komarova Tatiana , Mikhailov Alexandr
Published: October 2021

Predicting the traffic capacity and its elements requires bringing the traffic flow represented by various vehicles to uniformity expressed in the equivalent number of passenger cars, through the use of the passenger car equivalent coefficients (PCE). The currently used in Russian Federation passenger car equivalent coefficients are taken on the basis of studies of the capacity of the Russian Federation, carried out in the 70s - 80s of the last century on rural roads, where most of the vehicles were heavy vehicles. Currently, the traffic flow is mostly represented by passenger cars. The riding qualities of cars, especially trucks, have changed significantly. This situation is especially common to Moscow. In this regard, the question of clarifying the traffic flow composition and revising the passenger car equivalent coefficients becomes relevant. The article presents the methodology and results of studies carried out on the route sections between road crossings to determine the passenger car equivalent coefficients and the traffic composition in Moscow.
GPR investigation on damaged road pavements built in cut and fill sections with retaining wall
Authors: Colagrande Sandro , Ranalli Danilo , Scozzafava Marco , Tallini Marco
Published: October 2021

We present the GPR results dealing with flexible road pavements located on cut and fill sections with retaining wall. The aim is to evaluate the road damage (particularly the ramified cracks) taking into consideration also other parameters (cut and fill section height and traffic load). The GPR evaluation was carried out on 20 sites selected in the secondary urban road network of L’Aquila, a medium-size urban area representative of the Abruzzi Region (Central Italy). Stress induced by traffic load generally affects a road section thickness of about 1.0 m from the ground; so a monostatic GPR antenna, with a nominal frequency of 2000 MHz, was used given that its maximum inspection depth corresponds to 1.0 m from the ground. The 2000 MHz antenna has also a quite high-resolution when inspecting road damage. The GPR acquisition was carried out in damaged and adjoining undamaged road sites, to compare the GPR data of the two areas. GPR data analysis was based on the sweep-rectified power approach to evaluate the radar signal attenuation curve vs. depth, which permitted us to single out different road types of damage and to discuss the factors which caused them.
Predicted and measured time-dependent behavior of highway embankment on cohesive soil stratum
Authors: Chalmovský Juraj , Lumír Miča
Published: October 2021

Highway embankments are important structural elements in modern road infrastructure. If such a construction is built on cohesive low-permeability soils, it is necessary to perform a prediction of long-term settlements and excess pore pressures. The paper presents a numerical analysis of an instrumented embankment constructed in the Czech Republic using the finite element method. Two alternative constitutive models were employed throughout the analysis: standardly used linear elastic perfectly plastic model and elastoplastic model with volumetric and shear hardening with stress-dependent stiffness. A construction sequence was modelled in detail including durations of partial construction stages. Both the settlements of subsoil (in short-term and long-term conditions) and excess pore pressures measured in multiple depths were evaluated and compared with predictions. Results employing a more complex constitutive model show a reasonably good agreement with measurement both in terms of settlements and pore pressures. The application of a perfectly plastic constitutive model leads to an overestimation of settlements.
Thermo – mechanical model of concrete pavement in hardening phasis
Authors: Veselý Jakub , Pánek Petr , Vébr Ludvík
Published: October 2021

This paper is focused on the analysis of concrete pavements using finite element method (FEM). Specifically, it deals with the analysis of temperatures in the initial phasis of hardening and their influence on mechanical behavior of concrete pavement. High temperatures from hydration and climatic conditions in the early phase of concrete hardening co-operate and may initiate the formation of a network of micro-cracks on the surface of the concrete slab. The resulting temperatures (from hydration and climate) can theoretically be positively influenced by determining the start of concreting, so that the maximum temperatures do not meet at the same time. However, from a practical point of view the use of retarders is more realistic. Another possibility is to reduce the hydration heat by changing the composition of the concrete mixture (amount of cement, type of cement, use of alternative binders). Based on the knowledge of the material composition of the concrete and the specific temperature behavior during the concrete laying, it will be possible to predict the durability of concrete pavement in the future. Using weak formulation FEM model with quadratic base functions, the 2D heat transfer model was created. Boundary conditions were determined from experimental measurement on highway D1 in the Czech Republic. When this model was fitted to experimental data, the 3D coupled thermo - mechanical model was created. Soil and concrete elastic material characteristics had been taken over from Czech technical norms. Soil was modelled as Winkler-Pasternak 2D plate. Parameters c1 a c2 were assessed from comparison with 3D model with soil modelled as multiple layer system.
Strategic evaluation of the railway traction energy supply development on the Hungarian railway network
Authors: Princz-Jakovics Tibor , Bachmann Dóra
Published: October 2021

Transformer substations are hidden elements of the railway infrastructure, they have a long service life and reliable operation. On this reason reconstruction of substations are often left out of railway development projects. The board responsible for railway development in the Ministry of Innovation and Technology has decided to set up a project dedicated to substation development. The purpose of our work was to assess, examine and supervise the current technical status, network role and future sustainability of railway substations in order to choose a set of substations to be reconstructed in the given cost framework. We completed traction energy simulations to explore the weak points of the traction energy supply system and to provide basic data for the planning process. In our feasibility study we chose 20 of 38 substations to be reconstructed in a multi-step decision process. On Level 1 we assessed professional and operational aspects with multi-criteria analysis (MCA) regarding capacity shortages, energy efficiency, existence of remote control, characteristics of environmental protection and climate resilience, age-related failures, unit performance and network assessment. Based on the multi-criteria analysis we formed feasible technological options. To quantify and compare their long-term financial effects, on Level 2 we have chosen cost-effectiveness analysis methodology considering investment cost and the operational costs incurred during the estimated evaluation period. After option analysis we conducted cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Savings at social level are considered benefits in economic terms. As the type of the intervention did not fit the relevant CBA guide, we had to elaborate a special methodology for the assessment of economic benefits of the project. After all we have set up three project packages (6 or 9 or 20 substations) depending on available funding sources – and all three project packages can be regarded as economically viable and eligible for financing and implementation.
Methodology for tunnel risk assessment using fault and event tree analysis
Authors: Zafirovski Zlatko , Gacevski Vasko , Krakutovski Zoran , Ognjenovic Slobodan , Nedevska Ivona
Published: October 2021

The intense demand and construction of tunnels is accompanied by uncertainties. The reason for appearance of uncertainties are the complex solutions and conditions for these structures. Location and dimensions are becoming more challenging, and the construction is predicted in complexed geological conditions, leading to application of new approaches, methodologies and technologies by the engineers. Most of the uncertainties and unwanted events in tunnelling occur in the construction phase, which generally leads to economic consequences and time losses. For easier handling of the uncertainties, they should be anticipated and studied within a separate part of each project. One of the newer approaches to dealing with uncertainties is hazard and risk assessment and defining ways to deal with them i.e. management. Hazards and risks can be analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The quantitative analysis, examines the causes and consequences in more detail way and gives explanation of the dependencies. With the quantitative approach, a more valuable information for decision-making can be provided. There are various models and methods used for the quantification of hazards and risks. This paper presents a methodology in which the fault tree analysis and event tree analysis are used in combination to obtain quantitative results. The fault tree analysis is used for assessment of various hazards and the different ways and reasons that cause them. The event tree analysis is a method for assessing the possible scenarios, which follow after a certain hazard i.e. the consequences that may occur in the project. These trees represent graphic models combined with a mathematical (probabilistic) model, which give the probability of occurrence of the risks.
Development of automatic road width and pothole size estimation method from dashcam video for under developing countries
Authors: Fukai Hidekazu , Nobre Mouzinho Fernão A. L. , Nagae Ryo , Uchida Masayuki
Published: October 2021

Road condition monitoring usually requires extremely expensive special vehicles, equipment, or many human resources. On the other hand, with the development of ICT and data science technologies in recent years, there are several research trials in which the heavy technical tasks of road asset condition monitoring are replaced by automatic inspection systems consisting of common devices such as smartphones and dashcam videos. As the system consists of low-price devices, it also suitable for developing countries. However, there are many differences in the situation and the inspection items on road condition monitoring between advanced countries and developing countries. There are few trials to develop such a road condition monitoring system in developing countries. Our project is developing an integrated road condition monitoring system focusing on developing countries like Timor-Leste. In developing countries, many parts of the road are still unpaved, and the “road width” is an important item to be inspected. In this paper, we discuss the road width and pothole size estimation as a part of the integrated system we are developing. We survey the road width of both paved and unpaved roads. We use a common dashcam to take video along the road. The estimated values are integrated into a database with GPS information and visualized in Google Map, QGIS, or the original visualization system which we developed. To estimate the real width of the road and pothole size, we need to transform the captured forward view image of dashcam video into bird’s-eye-view. For the transformation, we need to estimate the vanishing point in a captured image. However, unlike the advanced countries, it is difficult to detect the vanishing point in developing countries because there are usually no straight lines in the images in the unpaved road of the province. In this study, we propose to use the optical flow method to detect the vanishing point in the rural road. To identify the area of road and the existence of potholes in images, we apply state-of-the-art semantic segmentation using deep learning.
Car-free travel to holiday regions - measures to strengthen the railway
Authors: Rüger Bernhard , Mailer Markus
Published: October 2021

There are two main reasons why people often choose to travel by car rather than by train. On the one hand, there is the transport of luggage, which many find too difficult. This is especially true when changing trains or travelling with children. Secondly, concern about the lack of mobility options at the holiday destination without a vehicle of one's own is a reason to prefer to go on holiday in one's own car. The paper refers to the easytravel project, an extensive research project in the Ötztal valley, a typical holiday region in Austria with a pronounced winter and summer tourism. The paper addresses the needs and concrete requirements of holidaymakers with regard to luggage transport and mobility offers in the holiday region and shows concrete measures how the willingness to travel by train can be improved.
Durability of reinforced-concrete track sleepers
Authors: Zovkić Ivan
Published: October 2021

During the regular track inspection of railway lines in various parts of the Republic of Croatia, cracks were found on prestressed reinforced concrete sleepers. These sleepers were installed between 1990 and 2003 in different parts of Croatia, on different surfaces, on railway lines with different intensity and for different types of transport. In order to determine the cause of damage and to estimate the remaining service life of the installed sleepers, the damaged and intact concrete sleepers need to be examined and analyzed. The results have to be compared with the experiences of other railway administrations that have similar problems. Based on the obtained results, it is possible to estimate the service life of concrete sleepers depending on the conditions during operation. It is also possible to estimate how long the damaged sleepers can function as part of the railway.
Disruptive changes in the transport system - from car-regime to sustainability
Authors: Frey Harald , Laa Barbara
Published: October 2021

Achieving the climate goals depends to a large extent on the reorganization of the transport sector at all levels. The initiation of a paradigm shift in transport policies must be understood and take place primarily as a result of a change in structures. Besides the transport infrastructure, this also includes the financial and legal system. It is necessary to include the procedures and processes of transport policy decision-making in a comprehensive transition management. The implementation of specific national objectives in the respective administrative levels across the federal states to the municipalities would be a first necessary step. However, initiating necessary radical changes in the transport sector will require disruptive changes to the established structures. The paper discusses such changes in the transport system by introducing theories of sustainability transition and political economy. The role, dependencies and influence of actors in planning processes are prototypically analysed, drawing on the situation in Austria. We further examine how structural barriers suppress or delay measures supporting environmental sustainability. The limits of bottom-up and classic top-down processes are shown and their effectiveness as a contribution to the mobility transition is critically questioned.
Development of the new “DIV” rail fastening system
Authors: Lakušić Stjepan , Haladin Ivo , Ivančev Mate , Baniček Maja , Košćak Janko
Published: October 2021

The primary role of the rail fastening system is to position and fasten the rails to sleepers and transfer the vehicle load from the rails to the track substructure. The type and characteristics of the fastening system are usually chosen depending on the required elasticity of the track, the design load, and the type of rail. The rail fastening system has also a significant effect on the emission of noise and vibration that occurs during the operation of rail vehicles, so the right choice of fastening system contributes to noise and vibration mitigation. Worldwide, there are many types of rail fastening systems, which differ in design, construction and technical characteristics. The most used rail fastening systems are W-clip, E-clip, Nabla clip, etc. Various types of fastenings are a result of effort of both independent institutions, rail equipment manufacturers and a significant number of research centres of the developed railway authorities. When optimizing the railway track, it is necessary to choose the right properties of the fastening system, which will ensure safe and reliable operation of railway vehicles with a minimum of noise and vibration emission. The characteristics of the fastening clip and the rail pad have the greatest influence on the mechanical behaviour of the fastening system. The Faculty of Civil Engineering of the University of Zagreb cooperates with DIV d.o.o., a manufacturer of railway equipment, on an R&D project “Development of the elastic fastening system DIV”. With the aim of developing a new fastening system, this paper primarily analyses the properties of existing fastening systems. A meaningful evaluation of the rail fastening systems requires the understanding of the geometry, materials, mechanical properties and the utilisation of the clip and the rail pad. The new fastening system should meet the requirements defined in the standards EN 13146 and EN 13481.
The impact of different saturation headway values on intersection capacity
Authors: Cvitanić Dražen , Maljković Biljana
Published: October 2021

Elements of the city road network that determine its capacity are signalized intersections. Their capacity depends of many factors: traffic volume and distribution, traffic flow structure, signal timing, and number of bicyclists and pedestrians. However, the starting parameter for calculation of intersection capacity is saturation headway. This research explores the influence of weather conditions and purpose of trip on saturation headway. Saturation headways were determined on few intersections in the morning peak hour of working and weekend day, in good and bad weather conditions. The impact of different trip purposes and different weather conditions on intersection capacity is analysed, as well as the influence of using mean and median values of saturation headway when calculating the intersection capacity.
Stable Artesunate Resistance in A Humanized Mouse Model of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Saini Sheetal , Kumar Rajinder , K. Tyagi Rajeev
Published: October 2021

Plasmodium falciparum, the most devastating human malaria parasite, confers higher morbidity and mortality. Although efforts have been made to develop an effective malaria vaccine, stage- and species-specific short-lived immunity crippled these efforts. Hence, antimalarial drug treatment becomes a mainstay for the treatment of malaria infection in the wake of the unavailability of an effective vaccine. Further, there has been a wide array of antimalarial drugs effective against various developmental stages of P. falciparum due to their different structures, modes of action, and pharmacodynamics as well as pharmacokinetics. The development of resistance against almost all frontline drugs by P. falciparum indicates the need for combination therapy (artemisinin-based combination therapy; ACT) to treat patients with P. falciparum. A higher pool of parasitemia under discontinuous in vivo artemisinin drug pressure in a developed humanized mouse allows the selection of artesunate resistant (ART-R) P. falciparum. Intravenously administered artesunate, using either single flash doses or a 2-day regimen, to the P. falciparum-infected human blood chimeric NOD/SCID.IL-2Rγ−/− immunocompromised (NSG) mice, with progressive dose increments upon parasite recovery, was the strategy deployed to select resistant parasites. Parasite susceptibility to artemisinins and other antimalarial compounds was characterized in vitro and in vivo. P. falciparum has shown to evolve extreme artemisinin resistance as well as co-resistance to antimalarial drugs. Overall, the present information shall be very useful in devising newer therapeutic strategies to treat human malaria infection.
New Trends in Bioactive Glasses for Bone Tissue: A Review
Authors: Vizureanu Petrică , Simona Bălțatu Mădălina , Victor Sandu Andrei , Cristian Achitei Dragos , Doru Burduhos Nergis Dumitru , Cristina Perju Manuela
Published: October 2021

Bioactive glasses are very attractive materials, used for tissue engineering materials, usually to fill and restore bone defects. This category of biomaterials, show considerable potential for orthopaedic surgery because they can promote bone tissue regeneration. Many trace elements have been incorporated in the glass network, an example is metallic glasses to obtain the desired properties. Because of tolerable mechanical properties, and because they are able to bond to living bone and stimulate its regeneration, this bioactive glasses have a particular interest and are in a continuous research and improvement. The chapter presents the history of bioactive glasses, classification, include a summary of common fabrication methods, applications, surface coatings, applications and future trends in relation to human bone. This review highlight new trends and areas of future research for bioactive glasses.
Identification of a 17-gene-signature in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis and Its Relationship with Immune Cell Infiltration
Authors: Zhang Junwang , Kang Xumei , Zhang Ling , Wang Huiming , Deng Zhihua
Published: October 2021

Background: Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma, but the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms driving NASH is not comprehensive. Objectives: We aimed to identify the potential markers of NASH and explore their relationship with immune cell populations. Methods: Five gene expression datasets for NASH were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus and European Bioinformatics Institute Array Express databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between NASH and controls were screened. Gene Ontology-Biological Process (GO-BP) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed for functional enrichment analysis of DEGs. Among the candidate genes selected from the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analysis, DEG signatures were further identified using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis. The Spearman correlation coefficient was calculated to assess the correlation between DEG signatures and immune cell abundance based on the CIBERSORT algorithm. Results: We screened 403 upregulated, and 158 downregulated DEGs for NASH, and they were mainly enriched in GO-BP, including the inflammatory response, innate immune response, signal transduction, and KEGG pathways, such as the pathways involved in cancer (e.g., the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway), and focal adhesion. We then screened 73 candidate genes from the PPI network and module analysis and finally identified 17 DEG signatures. By evaluating their relationship with immune cell populations, 12 DEG signatures were found to correlate with activated dendritic cells, resting dendritic cells, M2 macrophages, monocytes, neutrophils, and resting memory CD4 T cells, which were significantly different between the NASH and control tissues. Conclusions: We identified a 17-DEG-signature as a candidate biomarker for NASH and analyzed its relationship with immune infiltration in NASH.
Use of an Easily Applicable Thyroid Imaging-Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS): Our Kwak TI-RADS Experience
Authors: Corapli Mahmut , Pehlivanoglu Burcin , Alakus Hüseyin , Taner Bulut Haci
Published: October 2021

Background: Early detection of malignant thyroid nodules is possible using ultrasonography (US)-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy (US-FNAB), which is a minimally invasive and easily applicable method. There are several guidelines based on the US findings, including the Thyroid Imaging-Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS), to identify patients requiring FNAB or patients with nodules suspicious of malignancy. Objectives: To emphasize the importance of the easily applicable Kwak TI-RADS classification system. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the radiological and pathological findings of 641 consecutive patients, who underwent US-FNAB in our center, were retrospectively evaluated. The relationship between the cytological/histopathological results and the US findings was investigated using univariate and multivariate analyses. The results were also compared with the data in the literature. Results: In the univariate analysis, US features, including the presence of a solid component, hypoechogenicity, microlobulation or irregular margins, microcalcifications, and a taller-than-wide shape, were significantly associated with malignancy (P < 0.05). However, in the multivariate analysis, only hypoechogenicity and a taller-than-wide shape significantly contributed to the diagnosis of malignancy (P < 0.05). The malignancy rates of TI-RADS 3, 4a, and 4b lesions were lower in the present study compared to the literature. Conclusions: The US features, including the presence of a solid component, microcalcifications, hypoechogenicity, microlobulation or irregular margins, and a taller-than-wide shape, must be evaluated during US examinations. Besides, the widespread use of Kwak TI-RADS classification system, similar to the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS), should be encouraged to provide a common tool for clinicians and prevent unnecessary surgical procedures.
An evaluation of community pharmacists' perception of e-cigarette: An English cross-sectional survey with geospatial analysis.
Authors: Barrett Ravina , Vythelingum Louise
Published: October 2021

We wanted to establish prevalence of e-cigarette sale via Englishcommunity pharmacies. A cross-sectional survey of 500 retail-pharmacies was completed.Seventeen out of the 66respondents sold e-cigarettes, indicating a sales-prevalence of 25.76%. NRTwas widely available for sale (n=16, 94.1%), cessation services were lessfrequently available (n=7, 41.2%), or not available (n=9, 52.9%). ‘Dailysmokers’ were likely to use e-cigarette (n=8, 47.1%). Accessories were sold to0-2 people (n=13, 76.5%), χ² p=2.454 x 10-4. Young women purchasede-cigarettes (n=4, 23.5%), p=0.049, which were placed on top of the counter (n=7,41.2%), reflecting ‘impulse sales’ strategy. NRT was available forself-selection (n=14, 82.4%) (p=0.004), however staff-assistance was required(n=12, 70.6%), posing barriers. Costs for e-cigarette (£10.99-£29.99) versusNRT (£4.25-£35.99) represents value for money. Labelling and packaging werefound to be attractive, p=0.049, fashionable, colourful p=0.049, healthy,potentially breaching laws. All respondents provided NRT counselling, p<1x10-8.Less than half (n=8, 47.1%) provide e-cigarette’s counselling, while a majority(n=9, 52.9%) did not. Eight respondents describe 22 flavours, providing goodmouth feel. Aggregate ‘deprived’ versus ‘affluent’ analysis revels interestinginsights. We find some support of non-smokers initiating use. Pharmacists help patientsbut have limited support. We make recommendations to improve practice.
Schelling’s Criticism of Ontological Argument and Interpretation of Kant’s Doctrine of the Ideal of Reason
Authors: Patkul Andrei B.
Published: October 2021

To reconstruct a critique of the ontological proof of the existence of God in Schelling’s philosophy I examine his interpretation of the ontological argument by Anselm of Canterbury and Descartes as well as Schelling’s assessment of the critique of the Kantian ontological proof of the existence of God. I propose a reconstruction of Schelling’s account of undoubted being which cannot be deduced from the concept of the totality of all that is possible and therefore must come before any thought. He interprets reason as having an ecstatic nature which posits precedent undoubted being. This enables Schelling to formulate his own version of the thesis on the unity of being and thought, whereby being comes first and thought is only second. Against this background I analyse Schelling’s interpretation of the Kantian account of the ideal of reason. Schelling, on the one hand, agrees with Kant that being is not a real predicate, hence real existence cannot be deduced from essence in the sense of “what.” But, on the other hand, in contrast to Kant, he believes that real existence of the individual absolute must be assumed, which would be the subject for all possible predicates and whose being is ecstatically posited by reason as being external to itself. I raise the question of the relevance of Schelling’s thought for modern ontology, above all in overcoming ontotheology. Proceeding from the works of J. F. Courtine and L. Tengelyi I single out two aspects of Schelling’s doctrine that are relevant to my subject: (1) the priority of existence over essence in God’s being and (2) the fundamental irreducibility of God to a necessarily existent being, i.e. God’s freedom. It is evident that, in his interpretation of Kant, Schelling somewhat simplifies his train of thought and leaves it unclear how Kant links the concepts of necessary being and the supremely perfect being. It is also evident that Schelling’s concepts of “contingency,” “contingent necessity,” “the whole experience” need further study.
Kant as the German Theorist of the French Revolution: the Origin of a Dogma
Authors: Krouglov Alexei N.
Published: October 2021

The origins in Marxist-Leninist philosophy of the dogma about Kant as the German theorist of the French Revolution requires some analysis and I explain how a phrase of Marx later gave rise to the dogma. I first look at the sources that influenced K. Marx’s view of Kant and the French Revolution, above all С. F. Bachmann and H. Heine. I then examine the form in which Kant’s philosophy was compared with the French Revolution in the non-Bolshevik milieu before the 1917 Russian Revolution (P. Ya. Chaadayev, V. S. Mezhevich, the Dostoyevsky brothers, V. F. Ern, Archbishop Nikanor, P. A. Florensky). Then I look at how Marx’s phrase influenced Russian social democrats and specifically the Bolsheviks (G. V. Plekhanov, V. I. Lenin, V. M. Shulyatikov). I cite the example of the discussion triggered by a letter of Z. Ya. Beletsky concerning the third volume of The History of Philosophy (1943) to demonstrate the non-canonical status of Marx’s thesis on Kant and the French Revolution in the Soviet Union in the first half of the twentieth century. Finally, the first Soviet edition of Kant’s works in the 1960s canonised Marx’s phrase and gave the exact source. The reason why it took so long to give chapter and verse for the Marx quotation is that it occurs as early as 1842 in “The Philosophical Manifesto of the Historical School of Law” which belongs to the idealistic period of the early Marx.
The judgment of personality: An overview of current empirical research findings
Authors: Letzring Tera D. , Murphy Nora A. , Allik Jüri , Beer Andrew , Zimmermann Johannes , Leising Daniel
Published: October 2021

This article presents an overview of the current state of knowledge in personality judgment research. We discuss accuracy and bias in personality judgments, including types of inter-rater agreement and elements of criteria used to determine levels of agreement and accuracy. We then address 1) the words and phrases that people use to describe one another and themselves, 2) research investigating judgments of targets by perceivers per trait, and 3) research investigating judgments of targets by perceivers on profiles or sets of traits. We also provide 4) an outlook regarding important research questions that remain unanswered in this field.
Āgenskalna Vingrošanas un sporta biedrības darbība un nams Baldones ielā 7
Authors: Apine Rita
Published: October 2021

Āgenskalna Vingrošanas un sporta biedrība bija viena no lielākajām un pazīstamākajām vācbaltiešu s porta organizācijām 20. gadsimta pirmajā pusē. Tajā darbojušies dažādu profesiju sporta entuziasti, tostarp inženieri. Sporta dzīvē nozīmīgs bija biedrības 1910. gadā uzceltais nams Rīgā, Baldones ielā 7, kas līdz mūsdienām vairākkārt pārbūvēts. Pētījumā rodams bagātīgs materiāls par biedrību un tās namu līdz vācbaltiešu izceļošanai 1939. gadā. Izmantojot Latvijas Nacionālā arhīva Latvijas Valsts vēstures arhīva (LNA LVVA) dokumentus un preses materiālus, Rīgas Būvvaldes arhīva dokumentus, kā arī Latvijas Sporta muzeja krājumu, atklāti agrāk nezināmi fakti.

Āgenskalns Gymnastics and Sports Society was one of the largest and best-known Baltic-German sports organizations in the first half of the 20th century. Sports enthusiasts of various professions, including engineers, participated in the activities of this society. The house built by the Society in 1910 at 7 Baldones Street, Riga, which has been rebuilt several times, played an important role in the sports life. The research presents comprehensive documentary evidence about the Society until the repatriation of the Baltic-Germans in 1939 and the history of its headquarters building. Using the documents and press materials from the Latvian State Historical Archive (LSHA) of the National Archives of Latvia (NAL), archive documents of the Riga Construction Board, as well as the collection of the Latvian Sports Museum, previously unknown facts have been revealed.