bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Worship and the problems of human evil and suffering
Authors: Conklin Sherri Lynn , Hassoun Nicole
Published: February 2025

Consider a simple argument that worshipping God is wrong. This world is not a nice place. Not only do humans persecute and inflict other evils on each other, but millions of people suffer and die every year from preventable poverty-related causes, and it seems that few, if any, deserve their plights. It is unclear that we should want to be associated with, never mind worship, a being with the capacity to make the world a much better place but whose beneficence (or knowledge) permits things to go on in the ways that they do. At first blush, contempt is a more fitting response to God than worship. But, assuming God exists, perhaps we have reason to accept, if not worship, him in any case. Humans are comparably limited. We do evil unto each other, and, insofar as millions of deaths are preventable, our failure to prevent them is a failure of humans as well as of God. If we could (and should) have saved many lives and have not, our moral failings present us with our own, human, problem of evil and suffering. So, if we should reject God because so many people suffer, then we should reject ourselves when we could avoid evil and help others too. However, this article argues that we have practical, moral, and epistemic reasons to accept rather than reject ourselves, and similarly we have reasons to accept God. And if we have reason to accept God, then we have some reason to worship God. Worship is a way of acknowledging our own limitations and can help us survive, flourish, and help others in the face of the problems of human evil and suffering.
Is the cosmological argument intuitive?
Authors: Nichols Shaun , Steinberg Justin
Published: February 2025

The cosmological argument for the existence of God seems to have significant intuitive resonance. According to a familiar version of the cosmological argument, there must be some explanation for why the universe exists, and God provides the explanation. This argument seems to depend on the Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR), according to which, if something exists, there must be an explanation for why it exists. As we detail, recent evidence indicates that people presuppose something like the PSR in their explanatory outlook. However, the other key part of the cosmological argument is that God is supposed to be self-explanatory – God’s existence is necessary. We examine this empirically and find that people do not generally think that the existence of God is necessary in the sense relevant for the cosmological argument.
Chemotypic variation in niloticin, psoralen, quercetin and stigmasterol in wood apple (Limonia acidissima L.) leaves
Authors: Lata Annu , Kumar Abhishek , Chand Jai , Yadav Hemant Kumar , Nair Narayanan K. , Pal Mahesh
Published: February 2025

Wood apple (Limonia acidissima L., Rutaceae) is a medium to large-sized semideciduous tree native to Indian subcontinent. The Indian systems of medicine recognized this tree for its medicinal properties and nutritional fruit. The present study evaluates chemotypic diversity by using HPTLC method for identification of elite genotypes among 96 accessions of wood apple leaves collected from diverse populations across 16 states of India. Here, the multivariate analysis, including the extent of variation, broad sense heritability, genetic advance, correlation of mean value of each replicate were assessed with respect to four target bioactive molecules (quercetin, stigmasterol, psoralen and niloticin) extracted from leaves of wood apple. The results showed that the analysis of variance revealed significant variabilities for all the four biomolecules analysed. The hierarchical clustering grouped all the accessions into eight clusters. Out of which, cluster II and VI contained a maximum of 20 and 18 genotypes, respectively. Cluster VIII consisted of only three genotypes. The intra-cluster distance ranged from 0 (cluster II to VIII) to 6.83 (cluster I). The highest inter-cluster distance was found between clusters V and VII (22.52). Positive correlation was found between chemotypic traits at both the genotypic and phenotypic level. The broad sense heritability was recorded highest for quercetin (97.7%). The high genetic advance was noticed for niloticin (217.4). This study detected significant chemotypic variation among the accessions. The elite accessions identified in this study could be utilized to enhance the quality, efficacy and economic value of medicinal products.
Heterotic grouping of maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds derived from diverse indigenous landraces of the Northeast Hill Region of India
Authors: Rajasekhar Duddukur , KL Naveenkumar , Kalita Samudra , Tatiparthi Harshavardhan , Rai Mayank , Sen Devyani
Published: February 2025

The present study aimed to utilize maize landraces from the North Eastern Hill Region (NEHR) of India for hybrid development, addressing the absence of established heterotic groups for maize in this region. Eighty inbreds derived from diverse local landraces were test-crossed to two testers LM-13 and LM-14. The 160 testcrosses were evaluated over two seasons using an alpha lattice design. Heterotic grouping studies utilizing BLUP values, included analyses of specific combining ability (SCA), specific and general combining ability (HSGCA), and GCA of multiple traits (HGCAMT). Additionally, 34 SSR markers were employed to group the inbreds based on genetic distance (SSR_GD). Breeding efficiency tests indicated that the conventional SCA and HSGCA methods were the most effective for heterotic grouping, enabling classification of the overlapping inbreds into the corresponding tester groups. Validation involving 10 inbreds – 5 from each tester group crossed in a full diallel fashion – revealed that gene action was predominantly non-additive, a prerequisite for heterosis breeding. The highest-performing hybrids exhibited better parent heterosis (BPH) ranging from 75 to 384%, demonstrating significant yield advantages. These hybrids combined moderately divergent parents with contrasting female and male GCA values and BPH was significantly associated with SCA effects, providing predictive insights for optimizing hybrid development. The findings of this study highlight the potential of NEHR germplasm for developing high-yielding hybrids tailored to local conditions. These hybrids would particularly benefit smallholding farmers practicing shifting cultivation by enabling cost-effective production and providing economic benefits.
Viet Nam’s Dynamic Approach to Lawfare
Authors: NGUYEN Tien-Duc
Published: February 2025

This article reviews the emergence of “lawfare” as a term in vogue in recent years. Despite its complexity, lawfare is widely used by scholars and policy-makers in a disparaging and polemical sense. Efforts have been made to attribute a neutral tone to the term with a clearer analytical framework. Taking Viet Nam and the South China Sea disputes as an illustration, the article probes whether and how a small, peripheral country works out a lawfare strategy. It finds that Viet Nam has employed elements of lawfare strategy to counter China’s expansionist claims at sea by recalibrating its national interests and legal positions over time. Lawfare is a long game, yet it holds out hope for Viet Nam, a peripheral country, amidst intense superpower rivalry.
Dynamic Tolerance: Tolerance within Nahdlatul Ulama and Nahdliyin in Indonesia
Authors: Budiatri Aisah Putri
Published: February 2025

Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), the world’s largest Islamic organisation, is renowned for fostering tolerance in Indonesia. However, recent studies have revealed that the degrees of tolerance NU displays are inconsistent, throwing the organisation’s reputation for acceptance into question. By adopting critical juncture and case study analyses, this article finds that tolerance within NU is dynamic for three reasons. First, it evolves depending on the social-political context of the time. Second, NU upholds tolerance within specific limits, extending it to those who do not contradict the Islamic values it upholds and who do not pose a threat to the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia (NKRI). Third, the commitment to tolerance by NU’s membership, the nahdliyin, varies and does not always align with NU’s principles.
Predicting maize yield loss with crop-weed leaf cover ratios determined with UAS imagery
Authors: Goldsmith Avi , Austin Robert , Cahoon Charles W. , Leon Ramon G.
Published: February 2025

Typically, weed density is used to predict weed-induced yield loss, as it is easy and quick to quantify, even though it does not account for weed size and time of emergence relative to the crop. Weed-crop leaf area relations, while more difficult to measure, inherently account for differences in plant size, representing weed-crop interference more accurately than weed density alone. Unmanned aerial systems (UAS) may allow for efficient quantification of weed and crop leaf cover over a large scale. It was hypothesized that UAS imagery could be used to predict maize yield loss based on weed-crop leaf cover ratios. A yield loss model for maize (Zea mays L.) was evaluated for accuracy using 15- and 30-m altitude aerial RGB and four-band multispectral imagery collected at four North Carolina locations. The model consistently over and underpredicted yield loss when observed yield loss was less than and greater than 3000 kg ha-1, respectively. Altitude and sensor type did not influence the accuracy of the prediction. A correction for the differences between predicted and observed yield loss was incorporated into the linear model to improve overall precision. The correction resulted in r2 increasing from 0.17 to 0.97 and a reduction in RMSE from 705 kg ha-1 to 219 kg ha-1. The results indicated that UAS images can be used to develop predictive models for weed-induced yield loss prior to canopy closure, making it possible for growers to plan production and financial decisions before the end of the growing season.
Targeting CDK4/6 in breast cancer
Authors: Shanabag Anusha , Armand Jessica , Son Eugene , Yang Hee Won
Published: February 2025

Dysregulation of the cell cycle machinery, particularly the overactivation of cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), is a hallmark of breast cancer pathogenesis. The introduction of CDK4/6 inhibitors has transformed the treatment landscape for hormone receptor-positive breast cancer by effectively targeting abnormal cell cycle progression. However, despite their initial clinical success, drug resistance remains a significant challenge, with no reliable biomarkers available to predict treatment response or guide strategies for managing resistant populations. Consequently, numerous studies have sought to investigate the mechanisms driving resistance to optimize the therapeutic use of CDK4/6 inhibitors and improve patient outcomes. Here we examine the molecular mechanisms regulating the cell cycle, current clinical applications of CDK4/6 inhibitors in breast cancer, and key mechanisms contributing to drug resistance. Furthermore, we discuss emerging predictive biomarkers and highlight potential directions for overcoming resistance and enhancing therapeutic efficacy.
High-performance, multi-component epoxy resin simulation for predicting thermo-mechanical property evolution during curing
Authors: Patil Sagar Umesh , Kemppainen Josh , Maiaru Marianna , Odegard Gregory M.
Published: February 2025

High-performance epoxy systems are extensively used in structural polymer‒matrix composites for aerospace vehicles. The evolution of the thermomechanical properties of these epoxies significantly impacts the evolution of process-induced residual stresses. The corresponding process parameters need to be optimized via multiscale process modeling to minimize the residual stresses and maximize the composite strength and durability. In this study, the thermomechanical properties of a multicomponent epoxy system are predicted via molecular dynamics (MD) simulation as a function of the degree of cure to provide critical property evolution data for process modeling. In addition, the experimentally validated results of this study provide critical insight into MD modeling protocols. Among these insights, harmonic- and Morse-bond-based force fields predict similar mechanical properties. However, simulations with the Morse-bond potential fail at intermediate strain values because of cross-term energy dominance. Additionally, crosslinking simulations should be conducted at the corresponding processing temperature, because the simulation temperature impacts shrinkage evolution significantly. Multiple analysis methods are utilized to process MD heating/cooling data for glass transition temperature prediction, and the results indicate that neither method has a significant advantage. These results are important for effective and comprehensive process modeling within the ICME (Integrated Computational Materials Engineering) and Materials Genome Initiative frameworks.
Macrocycle-based PROTACs selectively degrade cyclophilin A and inhibit HIV-1 and HCV
Authors: Newton Lydia S. , Gathmann Clara , Ridewood Sophie , Smith Robert J. , Wijaya Andre J. , Hornsby Thomas W. , Morling Kate L. , Annett Dara , Chiozzi Riccardo Zenezini , Reuschl Ann-Kathrin , Govasli Morten L. , Tan Ying Ying , Thorne Lucy G. , Jolly Clare , Thalassinos Konstantinos , Ciulli Alessio , Towers Greg J. , Selwood David L.
Published: February 2025

Targeting host proteins that are crucial for viral replication offers a promising antiviral strategy. We have designed and characterised antiviral PROteolysis TArgeting Chimeras (PROTACs) targeting the human protein cyclophilin A (CypA), a host cofactor for unrelated viruses including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV). The PROTAC warheads are based on fully synthetic macrocycles derived from sanglifehrin A, which are structurally different from the classical Cyp inhibitor, cyclosporine A. Our Cyp-PROTACs decrease CypA levels in cell lines and primary human cells and have high specificity for CypA confirmed by proteomics experiments. Critically, CypA degradation facilitates improved antiviral activity against HIV-1 in primary human CD4+ T cells compared to the non-PROTAC parental inhibitor, at limiting inhibitor concentrations. Similarly, we observe antiviral activity against HCV replicon in a hepatoma cell line. We propose that CypA-targeting PROTACs inhibit viral replication potently and anticipate reduced evolution of viral resistance and broad efficacy against unrelated viruses. Furthermore, they provide powerful tools for probing cyclophilin biology.
Mitofusin 2 displays fusion-independent roles in proteostasis surveillance
Authors: Joaquim Mariana , Altin Selver , Bulimaga Maria-Bianca , Simões Tânia , Nolte Hendrik , Bader Verian , Franchino Camilla Aurora , Plouzennec Solenn , Szczepanowska Karolina , Marchesan Elena , Hofmann Kay , Krüger Marcus , Ziviani Elena , Trifunovic Aleksandra , Chevrollier Arnaud , Winklhofer Konstanze F. , Motori Elisa , Odenthal Margarete , Escobar-Henriques Mafalda
Published: February 2025

Mitochondria are essential organelles and their functional state dictates cellular proteostasis. However, little is known about the molecular gatekeepers involved, especially in absence of external stress. Here we identify a role of MFN2 in quality control independent of its function in organellar shape remodeling. MFN2 ablation alters the cellular proteome, marked for example by decreased levels of the import machinery and accumulation of the kinase PINK1. Moreover, MFN2 interacts with the proteasome and cytosolic chaperones, thereby preventing aggregation of newly translated proteins. Similarly to MFN2-KO cells, patient fibroblasts with MFN2-disease variants recapitulate excessive protein aggregation defects. Restoring MFN2 levels re-establishes proteostasis in MFN2-KO cells and rescues fusion defects of MFN1-KO cells. In contrast, MFN1 loss or mitochondrial shape alterations do not alter protein aggregation, consistent with a fusion-independent role of MFN2 in cellular homeostasis. In sum, our findings open new possibilities for therapeutic strategies by modulation of MFN2 levels.
Mechanisms of urate transport and uricosuric drugs inhibition in human URAT1
Authors: Guo Wenjun , Wei Miao , Li Yunfeng , Xu Jiaxuan , Zang Jiahe , Chen Yuezhou , Chen Lei
Published: February 2025

High urate levels in circulation lead to the accumulation of urate crystals in joints and ultimately inflammation and gout. The reabsorption process of urate in the kidney by the urate transporter URAT1 plays a pivotal role in controlling serum urate levels. Pharmacological inhibition of URAT1 by uricosuric drugs is a valid strategy for gout management. Despite the clinical significance of URAT1, its structural mechanism and dynamics remain incompletely understood. Here, we report the structures of human URAT1 (hURAT1) in complex with substrate urate or inhibitors benzbromarone and verinurad at resolution ranges from 3.0 to 3.3 Å. We observe urate in the central substrate-binding site of hURAT1 in the outward-facing conformation and urate is wrapped in the center of hURAT1 by five phenylalanines and coordinated by two positively charged residues on each side. Uricosuric compounds benzbromarone and verinurad occupy the urate-binding site of hURAT1 in the inward-facing conformation. Structural comparison between different conformations of hURAT1 reveals the rocker-switch-like mechanism for urate transport. Benzbromarone and verinurad exert their inhibitory effect by blocking not only the binding of urate but also the structural isomerization of hURAT1.
Radical-triggered ring-opening of aminocyclopropane for detection of hydroxyl radicals in living cells
Authors: Jin Shiqi , Qian Wang , Suo Ruiyang , Li Yi , Ling Huan , Li Shuqi , Deng Kai , Wei Yongchang , Wu Bo , Chen Huaixia
Published: February 2025

A hydroxyl radical-specific fluorescent probe, CC-7, enables selective, real-time visualization of intracellular ˙OH levels in cancer therapy.
In situ construction of an asymmetric composite electrolyte with structural gradients for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries
Authors: You Tao , Pan Lehao , Liu Jingchao , Zhao Yifan , Liu Fengquan , Wang Chen , Li Lin
Published: February 2025

The gradient composite electrolyte improves the interfacial compatibility of SN and lithium metal.
Energy decomposition analysis for excited states: an extension based on TDDFT
Authors: Kreuter Florian , Tonner-Zech Ralf
Published: February 2025

Energy decomposition analysis (EDA) is extended by the excited state EDA (exc-EDA) using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT). Validated through studies on exciplexes, it demonstrates utility by singlet fission in pentacene.
Progress in catalytic strategies for mitigating NOx/N2O emissions: from mechanisms to applications
Authors: Qian Minfan , Guan Bin , Zhuang Zhongqi , Chen Junyan , Zhu Lei , Ma Zeren , Hu Xuehan , Zhu Chenyu , Zhao Sikai , Shu Kaiyou , Dang Hongtao , Zhu Tiankui , Huang Zhen
Published: February 2025

In the context of global warming, the emission of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important factor limiting the application of ammonia fuels in marine and offshore power.
Bio-inspired proton relay for promoting continuous 5-hydroxymethylfurfural electrooxidation in a flowing system
Authors: Chen Dexin , Li Wenlong , Liu Junbo , Sun Licheng
Published: February 2025

A ligand-modified catalyst, Ni(OH)2–TPA, is synthesized for efficient HMF oxidation, wherein the uncoordinated carboxylate functions as the proton relay center, enabling continuous HMF oxidation in a flowing system.
High performance supercapacitors driven by the synergy of a redox-active electrolyte and core–nanoshell zeolitic imidazolate frameworks
Authors: Mansi  , Shrivastav Vishal , Dubey Prashant , Bakandritsos Aristides , Sundriyal Shashank , Tiwari Umesh K. , Deep Akash
Published: February 2025

A Z867 core–shell MOF electrode symmetrical device delivered superior electrochemical performance (49.6 W h kg−1 at 3.2 kW kg−1) in a redox-active electrolyte (RAE).
Rapid detection and visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of chloramphenicol in aqueous medium using a CoAl2O4/rGO nanocomposite
Authors: Kaur Kamalpreet , Akhtar Tarab , Singh Gagandeep , Kaur Navneet , Singh Narinder
Published: February 2025

The developed CoAl2O4/rGO nanocomposite shows potential for CAP analysis in pharmaceutical wastewater with high recovery rates; and efficiently degrades CAP under sunlight, achieving 100% degradation in 80 min.
Tuning structures and properties of self-healing silsesquioxane films using block copolymers
Authors: Miyamoto Yoshiaki , Matsuno Takamichi , Shimojima Atsushi
Published: February 2025

Lamellar organosiloxane films with crack-healing ability were prepared using PEO–PPO–PEO block copolymers, showing improved hardness and solvent resistance compared to those prepared with alkylammonium surfactants.
Dual-enhancements of stability and wettability in O3-Na0.95Ni1/3Fe1/3Mn1/3O2 cathodes by converting surface residual alkali into ultrathin Na2Ti3O7 coatings
Authors: Gong Haotian , Gan Baiyao , Li Xinkang , Long Ting , Chen Biaobing , Zou Li , Zhou Tong , Ma Ziyang , Yuan ZhiYe , Yin Jiang , Yang Yahui , Yang Lishan
Published: February 2025

Residual-alkali-derived Na2Ti3O7 coatings boost electrolyte wettability and electrochemical performance of a layered oxide cathode for sodium-ion batteries.
Itaconate and its derivatives as anti-pathogenic agents
Authors: Al Akiki Dit Al Mazraani Rizkallah , Malys Naglis , Maliene Vida
Published: February 2025

Itaconate and its derivatives.
One-pot acid-catalysed synthesis of bis(1-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridyl)arylmethanes and evaluation of cytotoxic activities
Authors: Hung Tran Quang , Phuc Ban Van , Do Ha Nam , Tran Thu Hue , Nguyen Hai Yen , Truong Phuoc Nguyen , Chi Truong Mai , Do Dang Van , Nga Truong T. T. , Nguyen Hien , Nguyen Van Tuyen , Dang Tuan Thanh
Published: February 2025

A practical and efficient approach for the acid-catalysed synthesis of bis(1-imidazo[1,5-a]pyridyl)arylmethane (BimPy) derivatives has been described.
Modulating the PCET process via optimizing the local microenvironment of a CdS@NiV-LDH heterojunction for CO2 reduction in tunable green syngas photosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Senlin , Ma Yuheng , Yu Changqiang , Huang Zhaohui , Zhan Ruoning , Wang Yingxinjie , Xie Xiuqiang , Zhang Nan
Published: February 2025

A novel CdS@NiV-LDH heterojunction with an optimized electric field microenvironment and reaction microenvironment has been constructed for the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 to tunable green syngas by rationally modulating the PCET process.
MXene/graphitic carbon nitride-supported metal selenide for all-solid-state flexible supercapacitor and oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: De Shrabani , Florentino Jose , Pathiraja Gayani , Gautam Bhoj Raj , Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad
Published: February 2025

We report a new type of combination of rare earth metal selenides (Ce2Se3 and Er2Se3) with a Ti3C2Tx/S-doped graphitic carbon nitride heterostructure for bifunctional application in flexible supercapacitors and oxygen evolution reactions.
Design and evaluation of dansyl-derived chemosensors for disulfide-cleavage-triggered detection: photophysical, metal sensing, and thermometric applications
Authors: Lourenço Igor , Duarte Frederico , Dobrikov Georgi M. , Kurutos Atanas , Slavchev Ivaylo , Capelo-Martínez José Luis , Santos Hugo M. , Lodeiro Carlos
Published: February 2025

In this work, two new dansyl-derived chemosensors have been designed with the aim of developing a disulfide-cleavage-triggered probe.
Low-temperature atomic layer deposition of metastable MnTe films for phase change memory devices
Authors: Jeon Gwangsik , Jeon Jeongwoo , Kim Woohyun , Kim Daehyeon , Noh Wontae , Choi Wonho , Park Byongwoo , Jeon Sangmin , Kim Sungjin , Yoo Chanyoung , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: February 2025

This work demonstrates an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process for achieving the MnTe film with metastable β phase at a growth temperature of 100 °C.
Nano/microparticle-based tough and recyclable polymers toward a sustainable society
Authors: Sasaki Yuma , Nishizawa Yuichiro , Kureha Takuma , Suzuki Daisuke
Published: February 2025

By virtue of their unique properties, polymer nano/microparticles constitute important building blocks for the construction of functional nanomaterials.
Conformational dynamics of the nuclear pore complex central channel
Authors: Chen Yu , Zhou Guoli , Yu Miao
Published: February 2025

The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is a vital regulator of molecular transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm in eukaryotic cells. At the heart of the NPC’s function are intrinsically disordered phenylalanineglycine-rich nucleoporins (FG-Nups), which form a dynamic permeability barrier within the central channel. This disordered nature facilitates efficient nucleocytoplasmic transport but also poses significant challenges to its characterization, especially within the nano-confined environment of the NPC. Recent advances in experimental techniques, such as cryo-electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance, along with computational modeling, have illuminated the conformational flexibility of FG-Nups, which underpins their functional versatility. This review synthesizes these advancements, emphasizing how disruptions in FG-Nup behavior—caused by mutations or pathological interactions—contribute to diseases such as neurodegenerative disorders, aging-related decline, and viral infections. Despite progress, challenges persist in deciphering FG-Nup dynamics within the crowded and complex cellular environment, especially under pathological conditions. Addressing these gaps is critical for advancing therapeutic strategies targeting NPC dysfunction in disease progression.
Origin and evolution of angular momentum of class II disks
Authors: Pelkonen V.-M. , Padoan P. , Juvela M. , Haugbølle T. , Nordlund Å.
Published: February 2025

Context. While class II pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars have already accreted most of their mass, the continued inflow of fresh material via Bondi-Hoyle accretion acts as an additional mass reservoir for their circumstellar disks. This may explain the observed accretion rates of PMS stars, as well as observational inconsistencies in the mass and angular momentum balance of their disks.

Aims. Using a new simulation that reproduces the stellar initial mass function (IMF), we want to quantify the role of Bondi-Hoyle accretion in the formation of class II disks, as well as address the prospect of its observational detection with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST).

Methods. We studied the mass and angular momentum of the accreting gas using passively advected tracer particles in the simulation, and we carried out radiative transfer calculations of near-infrared scattering to generate synthetic JWST observations of Bondi-Hoyle trails of PMS stars.

Results. Gas accreting on class II PMS stars approximately 1 Myr after their formation has enough mass and angular momentum to strongly affect the evolution of the preexisting disks. The accreted angular momentum is large enough to also explain the observed size of class II disks. The orientation of the angular momentum vector can differ significantly from that of the previously accreted gas, which may result in a significant disk warping or misalignment. We also predict that JWST observations of class II stars will be able to detect Bondi-Hoyle trails with a 80%-100% success rate with only a 2 min exposure time, depending on the filter, if stars with both an accretion rate Ṁ > 5 × 10−10 M⊙/yr and a luminosity of L > 0.5 L⊙ are selected.
Disentangling stellar atmospheric parameters in astronomical spectra using generative adversarial neural networks
Authors: Manteiga M. , Santoveña R. , Álvarez M. A. , Dafonte C. , Penedo M. G. , Navarro S. , Corral L.
Published: February 2025

Context. The rapid expansion of large-scale spectroscopic surveys has highlighted the need to use automatic methods to extract information about the properties of stars with the greatest efficiency and accuracy, and also to optimise the use of computational resources.

Aims. We developed a method based on generative adversarial networks (GANs) to disentangle the physical (effective temperature and gravity) and chemical (metallicity and overabundance of α elements with respect to iron) atmospheric properties in astronomical spectra. Using a projection of the stellar spectra, commonly called latent space, in which the contribution due to one or several main stellar physicochemical properties is minimised while others are enhanced, it was possible to maximise the information related to certain properties. This could then be extracted using artificial neural networks (ANNs) as regressors, with a higher accuracy than a reference method based on the use of ANNs that had been trained with the original spectra.

Methods. Our model utilises auto-encoders, comprising two ANNs: an encoder and a decoder that transform input data into a low-dimensional representation known as latent space. It also uses discriminators, which are additional neural networks aimed at transforming the traditional auto-encoder training into an adversarial approach. This is done to reinforce the astrophysical parameters or disentangle them from the latent space. We describe our Generative Adversarial Networks for Disentangling and Learning Framework (GANDALF) tool in this article. It was developed to define, train, and test our GAN model with a web framework to show visually how the disentangling algorithm works. It is open to the community in Github.

Results. We demonstrate the performance of our approach for retrieving atmospheric stellar properties from spectra using Gaia Radial Velocity Spectrograph (RVS) data from DR3. We used a data-driven perspective and obtained very competitive values, all within the literature errors, and with the advantage of an important dimensionality reduction of the data to be processed.
NICER observations of type-I X-ray bursts from the ultra-compact X-ray binary M15 X-2
Authors: Alejandra Díaz Teodori María , Jari Kajava J.E. , Sánchez-Fernández Celia , Sanna Andrea , Ng Mason , Poutanen Juri
Published: February 2025

Type-I X-ray bursts are thermonuclear explosions caused by the unstable burning of accreted material on the surface of neutron stars. We report the detection of seven type-I X-ray bursts from the ultracompact X-ray binary M15 X-2 observed by the Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) during its 2022 outburst. We found all the bursts occurred in the soft state and exhibited similar light curve profiles, with no cases of photospheric radius expansion. Time-resolved spectroscopy showed clear deviations from the blackbody model during the first ten seconds of all the bursts. The fits were improved by using the enhanced persistent emission ‘f_ a’ method, which we interpret as evidence of burst-disk interaction. We compared the performance of these models against a neutron star atmosphere model and found it made no significant improvements. After analyzing the burst rise times and fuel composition, we propose that these bursts were powered by the burning of pure helium, confirming the ultracompact nature of the source.
Symposium zur Taktischen Alpinmedizin
Authors: Isser Markus
Published: February 2025

Am 19. und 20. Oktober 2024 fand erstmals am Truppenübungsplatz Wattener Lizum ein Symposium zur „Taktischen Alpinmedizin (TAM)“ statt (
Abb. 1
). Organisiert wurde die Veranstaltung von der Bergrettung Tirol in Zusammenarbeit mit der 6. Gebirgsbrigade des Österreichischen Bundesheeres. Internationale geladene Polizei- und Militäreinheiten sowie Bergrettungseinheiten aus Österreich, Deutschland und Italien kamen zusammen, um sich im Bereich der TAM zu vernetzen und voneinander zu lernen.
Hinhören lohnt sich – Identifikation und Intervention bei emotionaler Misshandlung
und Vernachlässigung
Authors: Berthold Oliver , Dierolf Verena , Fegert Jörg M. , Winter Sibylle M.
Published: February 2025

Emotionale Misshandlung und Vernachlässigung sind häufig, werden aber in medizinischen Einrichtungen
unterdiagnostiziert. Die Folge können erhebliche Schäden auf neurophysiologischer Ebene und in der
Beziehungs- und Verhaltensentwicklung sein. Frühe Interventionen sind notwendig, um negative Verläufe und
wiederholte Traumatisierungen abzuwenden. Kinderärzt:innen können eine Schlüsselrolle in der Erkennung
und der Einleitung von Interventionen spielen. Hierbei ist die Erkennung gefährdeter Kinder und die
Einleitung angemessener Interventionen notwendig.
Einfluss einer moderaten Höhenexposition auf die Thrombozytenaktivität
Authors: Brunner Stefan , Schlichtiger Jenny , Hamm Wolfgang , Lackermair Korbinian
Published: February 2025

In den letzten Jahren erfreut sich der alpine Freizeitsport wachsender Beliebtheit, nicht nur unter Freizeitsportlern, sondern zunehmend auch bei Personen mit Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen. Die Thrombozytenaktivierung spielt eine zentrale Rolle beim Auftreten von kardiovaskulären Ereignissen wie Myokardinfarkt oder Schlaganfall. Die Kenntnis der physiologischen Veränderungen der Thrombozytenaktivierung unter alpiner sportlicher Betätigung hat deshalb eine maßgebliche Bedeutung, um das Risiko für dieses Patientenkollektiv besser einschätzen und dementsprechend präventiv Einfluss nehmen zu können.
Cannabiskonsum und Cannabis-assoziierte psychische Störungen bei Kindern und
Jugendlichen
Authors: Jarczok Tomasz A. , Hasan Alkomiet , Unterlaß Gabriele
Published: February 2025

Cannabis gehört zu den am häufigsten von Jugendlichen konsumierten Suchtmitteln. Vor dem Hintergrund der
kürzlich in Deutschland erfolgten Cannabislegalisierung ist auch zukünftig von einer hohen klinischen
Relevanz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen auszugehen. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden die Grundlagen und
klinischen Aspekte des Cannabiskonsums sowie der damit verbundenen psychischen Störungen bei Jugendlichen
vorgestellt. Der Übergang vom Jugend- zum Erwachsenenalter geht mit neurobiologischen Prozessen einher,
die junge Cannabis-Konsumenten besonders anfällig für die Entwicklung einer Abhängigkeit und anderer
psychischer Störungen machen. Diagnostik und Therapie von Cannabisabhängigkeit und -missbrauch werden
unter Berücksichtigung der Besonderheiten bei minderjährigen Personen erörtert und anhand von Kasuistiken
veranschaulicht.
Somatische Belastungsstörung bei Kindern und Jugendlichen – ein
Update
Authors: von Polier Georg G. , Hiemisch Andreas , Kopp Franziska
Published: February 2025

Somatische Belastungsstörungen sind bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zunehmend häufig und stellen eine
erhebliche Belastung für die Betroffenen und ihre Familien dar. Typische Symptome umfassen Schmerzen,
Übelkeit und Müdigkeit, die oft mit Ängsten und depressiven Symptomen einhergehen. Sie können zu
gravierenden funktionellen Einschränkungen führen, einschließlich Schulabsentismus und sozialem Rückzug.
Ein passiver Bewältigungsstil, der durch Schonung und Vermeidung von Anforderungen gekennzeichnet ist,
verstärkt die Beschwerden. Die Vermittlung der Diagnose und die Motivation für eine multidisziplinäre
Behandlung sind herausfordernd. Bei ausgeprägter oder chronifizierter Symptomatik und hohen
Schulfehlzeiten ist häufig eine stationäre Behandlung indiziert. Eine spezifische Therapie, welche
Elemente aus Edukation, Verhaltensaktivierung, Exposition und kognitive Verhaltenstherapie beinhaltet,
hat sich als hoch wirksam erwiesen und kann zu einer deutlichen Verbesserung der Symptomatik und der
Teilhabe am schulischen und sozialen Leben beitragen. Oftmals kann eine vollständige Heilung erzielt
werden.
Characterizing the Association Between Blood Urea Nitrogen Levels
within the Normal Range and Thyroid Function Among US Adults: NHANES 2007–2012
Findings
Authors: Liu Junru , Lu Xiaofeng , Zhu Xiaotao , Song Jialu , Zheng Xiaogang , Xu Chaoyang , Tong Huijing , Wang Mingzheng
Published: February 2025

Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) is a key metric when evaluating the renal function of a
given patient. Individuals with chronic kidney disease also often present with
abnormal thyroid functionality. The specific association between BUN and thyroid
function, however, is not well understood. This study was thus developed to
explore how BUN levels within the normal range are related to thyroid activity
among adults in the USA. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
(NHANES) dataset was leveraged for these analyses. Linear regression and
smoothed curve fitting approaches were employed to examine the association
between BUN levels and measures of thyroid function, with appropriate weighted
and subgroup analyses. The 2007–2012 NHANEs cycles included 6231 eligible adults
with BUN levels from 2.5–8.0 mmol/l. Under adjusted models, a higher BUN level
was associated with reductions in FT3 (β=–0.01; p=0.047), TT3 (β=–1.08;
p=0.003), and TT4 (β=–0.10; p=0.003) levels. In subgroup analyses, BUN levels
were respectively found to be negatively correlated with FT3 and TT4 levels in
subjects who were inactive and active. These findings are consistent with
reduced FT3, TT4, and TT4 levels being correlated with higher BUN levels within
the normal range among American adults. In non-physically active subjects, FT3
levels were more closely related to increasing BUN levels, whereas TT4 levels
were more closely related to BUN levels among physically active subjects.
However, additional research will be vital to clarify the mechanisms that
underlie these results.
Effect of Foveal Herniation on Surgical Outcomes of Idiopathic Epiretinal Membrane Peeling: A Challenging Presentation
Authors: Bravetti Giacomo Edoardo , Mandrioli Matteo , Cappuccini Luca , Bravetti Giorgio Enrico
Published: February 2025

Purpose The aim of this report is to describe the visual symptoms and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) findings associated with foveal herniation with epiretinal membrane and to evaluate the postoperative visual, anatomical, and surgical outcomes.

Background Foveal herniation occurs when neuroretinal tissue protrudes through and above the level of an epiretinal membrane. The pathogenesis of foveal herniation is still unknown, though it is likely attributable to the centripetal contraction of the epiretinal membrane (ERM). Moreover, thinning of the prefoveolar internal limiting membrane (ILM) may further exacerbate this process by reducing the structural support for the retina in that area. In the literature, foveal herniation with ERM is rare and usually described as unilateral. Most cases present a good visual outcome after surgical intervention.

Case Description We describe the case of a 37-year-old Caucasian male patient, without any previous ocular history, who presented with metamorphopsia and a sustained reduction visual acuity to his left eye that had persisted for several months. The baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was recorded as 0.05 decimals. Anterior segment examination was unremarkable, while dilated fundoscopy revealed an ERM with a concentric ring of foveal tissue prolapse. SD-OCT showed the foveal tissue protruding through and above the ERM, demonstrating the severe foveal herniation. A diagnosis of idiopathic ERM with foveal herniation was established based on these findings. Subsequently, the patient was scheduled for surgical intervention to undergo pars-plana vitrectomy with ERM peeling. After the surgery, the patient experienced progressive restoration of the foveal anatomy and an improvement of vision to 0.6 decimals from baseline at 3 months.

Conclusion This case report shows a rare finding of foveal herniation with ERM. This atypical presentation is of important clinical relevance in drawing cliniciansʼ attention to the possibility of these findings, with the goal to prevent erroneous diagnosis and unnecessary treatments. We demonstrate the visual improvement and gradual resolution of foveal herniation with SD-OCT images after ERM removal, and the images show that it may take a few months for the foveal bulge to decrease in height. When the outer retinal layers are normal, visual recovery, though delayed, is appreciable.
Ambulation during Neuraxial Analgesia in Obese Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Suresh Sunitha , Seiler F. Arran , Arnolds David , Gonzalez Maritza , Cole Naida , Silver Richard , Scavone Barbara , Dude Annie
Published: February 2025

Objective Prior studies have yielded mixed results regarding ambulation with neuraxial analgesia and labor outcomes, and studies did not include a significant obese population. We sought to evaluate the feasibility of ambulation with optimized neuraxial analgesia in laboring nulliparous obese patients.

Study Design This was a pilot study at the University of Chicago (approval no.: IRB 19-1600, CT NCT04504682). Inclusion criteria were delivery BMI of ≥35 kg/m2, nulliparity, and term gestation. Contraindications to ambulation or vaginal delivery conferred ineligibility. Combined spinal-epidural analgesia was initiated per our institution's policy. Following epidural catheter placement, serial blood pressure measurements and motor assessments including a straight leg test and a step stool test were completed per safety protocol. Patients who passed these assessments were enrolled. Patients were encouraged to ambulate for 20 minutes every hour while on fetal and uterine telemetry. Ambulation was discouraged after complete dilation. Demographics and delivery outcomes were collected. Our primary objective was to evaluate feasibility through acceptability, and safety via the number of falls, and percentage of patients with any ambulation. The study was closed early due to enrollment difficulties and in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results A total of 105 patients were identified for the trial: 20 were ineligible for the study, 20 could not be approached, and 40 declined study participation, leaving 25 patients who consented. Of those 25, 14 completed the study. Out of 14 participants, 11 were ambulated. The average BMI of these participants was 43 kg/m2. No patients fell during the trial.

Conclusion A pilot trial of ambulation during neuraxial analgesia among an obese nulliparous population demonstrated no safety concerns, but with concern regarding feasibility as there was low acceptance.

Key Points
Anatomy Insights and Key Pearls for Bronchial Artery Embolization
Authors: Mansur Arian , Ghadery Abdolkarim Haji , Cohen Emil I. , Schroeder Jamie Lee T. , Habibollahi Peiman , Ukeh Ifechi , Ozen Merve , Anderson Eric , Boas F. Edward , Nezami Nariman
Published: February 2025

Although bronchial artery embolization (BAE) initially emerged as a critical minimally invasive image-guided procedure to manage massive hemoptysis regardless of underlying etiologies, there has been a growing interest in BAE to treat pulmonary malignancies within recent years. This article provides an in-depth exploration of bronchial artery anatomy, pathologies, imaging modalities in guiding effective BAE, and procedural pearls for successful intervention. The complexity of bronchial artery anatomy, including its variations and potential complications during embolization, necessitates thorough understanding and precise procedural techniques to optimize patient outcomes and minimize risks.
Unspezifische Effekte in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Luomajoki Hannu , Schwertfellner Christoph
Published: February 2025

Neben den spezifischen Wirkungen einer therapeutischen Intervention gibt es immer auch zahlreiche
unspezifische Wirkungen. Dazu gehören Kontextfaktoren, wie z. B. das Verhalten der Therapeut*innen, die
Erwartungen der Patient*innen, Kommunikation und Interaktion, aber auch Placebo- und Nocebo-Effekte.
Analysis and suppression of non-rotationally symmetric TE11 mode competition in an X-band relativistic klystron oscillator
Authors: Zhang Peng , Li Zhimin , Ge Xingjun , Dang Fangchao , Deng Rujin , Shu Ting
Published: February 2025

In the X-band relativistic klystron oscillator, mode hopping phenomena in the output microwave caused by low-order asymmetric TE11 mode competition are observed. Based on theoretical and simulation analyses of the electron conductance and external quality factors of the main mode TM013 and the TM113 mode, it is found that the electronic conductivity of both the main mode and the low-order TM113 mode is negative, and their external quality factors are close, which is the cause of the asymmetric mode competition. In particle simulations, by altering a pre-reflection cavity and altering the position of the cathode block, the reflection coefficient of the main mode TM013 is increased, thereby enhancing the resonance characteristics of the main mode and effectively suppressing the asymmetric mode competition. Simulation and experimental results indicate that by adjusting the depth of the pre-cavity and reducing the distance of the cathode block, the low-order asymmetric TE11 mode is effectively suppressed, enhancing the stability of the output microwave.
Deep learning-based reduced-order modeling for parameterized convection-dominated partial differential equations
Authors: Meng Yiwei , Chen Yuanhong , Gao Zhen , Mu Longjiang , Sun Xiang
Published: February 2025

Reduced-order modeling of fluid flows has been an active area of research. It approximates the evolution of physical systems in time in terms of coherent patterns and structures that generally consist of a dimensionality reduction mechanism and a dynamical model in the reduced state space. This paper proposes a deep learning-based reduced-order modeling composed of β-variational autoencoder, multilayer perceptron, and transformer architectures for problems governed by the parameterized convection-dominated partial differential equations. In our approach, β-variational autoencoder is utilized as a dimensionality reduction mechanism, transformer is trained to predict the future state of the system, and multilayer perceptron is applied to learn the relationship between different parameter values and latent space representations. Therefore, the future state of the system can be obtained in the online phase. The proposed method is tested on several benchmark convection-dominated partial differential equations, such as Burgers' equation, traffic flow problem, shallow water equation, and Navier–Stokes equation. The results demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed reduced-order modeling method for convection-dominated partial differential equations.