bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STUDI KARAKTERISTIK KAMPAS REM KENDARAAN PENUMPANG TYPE OES (ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT SPAREPART) DAN AM (AFTER MARKET) PADA DRY DAN WET SLIDING
Authors: Kennedy Rovilla , Surojo Eko , Wisnu Raharjo Wijang
Published: November 2019

Brake pad is one of the components of a motor vehicle which is served to slow or stop the rate of vehicle. The brake pad of automotive vehicle on the market is divided into three types that are an OEM (original equipment manufacturer), OES (original equipment spare parts) and AM (aftermarket). The brake pad operates under various conditions of dry or wet sliding. The majority of researchers investigated brake pad characteristic on dry sliding. Studies of wet braking behavior are rare in the tribology literature. Therefore, this research performed testing of friction characteristics of dry and wet sliding by using brake pad type OES and AM on a passenger vehicle. Each brake pad tested using the machine pin on disc tribometer type and observed using SEM. The result showed that the brake pad type OES has a good stability on testing dry sliding and wet sliding. In addition, passenger type brake pad OES has specific wear low so more durable in used. Meanwhile the results of SEM showed that the friction layer were not formed during wet sliding.
Severe or Profound Sensorineural Hearing Loss Caused by Novel USH2A Variants in Korea: Potential Genotype-Phenotype Correlation
Authors: Lee Sang-Yeon , Joo Kwangsic , Oh Jayoung , Han Jin Hee , Park Hye-Rim , Lee Seungmin , Oh Doo-Yi , Woo Se Joon , Choi Byung Yoon
Published: November 2019

Objectives. We, herein, report two novel USH2A variants from two unrelated Korean families and their clinical phenotypes, with attention to severe or more than severe sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL).Methods. Two postlingually deafened subjects (SB237-461, M/46 and SB354-692, F/34) with more than severe SNHL and also with suspicion of Usher syndrome type II (USH2) were enrolled. A comprehensive audiological and ophthalmological assessments were evaluated. We conducted the whole exome sequencing and subsequent pathogenicity prediction analysis.Results. We identified the following variants of USH2A from the two probands manifesting more than severe SNHL and retinitis pigmentosa (RP): compound heterozygosity for a nonsense (c.8176C>T: p.R2723X) and a missense variant (c.1823G>A: p.C608Y) in SB237, and compound heterozygosity for two frameshift variants (c.14835delT: p.S4945fs & c.13112_13115delAAAT: p.G4371fs) in SB354. Based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics/Association for Molecular Pathology guidelines, two novel variants, c.1823G>A: p.C608Y and c.14835delT: p.Ser4945fs, can be classified as “uncertain significance” and “pathogenic,” respectively. The audiogram exhibited more than severe SNHL and a down-sloping configuration, necessitating cochlear implantation. The ophthalmic examinations revealed typical features of RP. Interestingly, one proband (SB 354-692) carrying two truncating compound heterozygous variants exhibited more severe hearing loss than the other proband (SB 237-461), carrying one truncation with one missense variant.Conclusion. Our results provide insight on the expansion of audiological spectrum encompassing more than severe SNHL in Korean subjects harboring USH2A variants, suggesting that USH2A should also be included in the candidate gene of cochlear implantation. A specific combination of USH2A variants causing truncating proteins in both alleles could demonstrate more severe audiological phenotype than that of USH2A variants carrying one truncating mutation and one missense mutation, suggesting a possible genotype-phenotype correlation. The understanding of audiological complexity associated with USH2A will be helpful for genetic counseling and treatment starategy.
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN LAPS-HEURISTIK
Authors: Azwardi Gilang , Sugiarni Rani
Published: November 2019

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjawab apakah setelah penerapan model LAPS-Heuristic(Logan Avenue Problem Solving) dapat meningkatkan kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa pada materi trigonometri di kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Cibeber. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif tipe Quasi Experimen dengan bentuk Design The Nonequivalent Prettest-Posttest Control Group Design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X IPA SMAN 1 Cibeber.  Adapun penelitian ini dipilih sebanyak 2 kelas dari 3 kelas melalui teknik purposive samplingdan melibatkan sampel sebanyak 53 orang yang berasal dari dua kelas yang pilih. Kelas X IPA 2 dipilih sebagai kelas eksperimen yang memperoleh pembelajaran dengan model LAPS-Heuristik dan kelas X IPA 1 dipilih sebagai kelas kontrol yang memperoleh pembelajaran biasa. Untuk mendapatkan data hasil penelitian digunakan instrument berupa tes  kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dan kuisioner sikap siswa. Pengolahan data hasil penelitian ini menggunakan software SPSS versi 20. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data penelitian kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematis siswa dengan menggunkan model pembelajaran LAPS-Heuristic lebih baik di bandingan menggunakan model pembelajaran biasa. Sikap siswa terhadap pembelajaran matematika dengan menggunakan model LAPS-Heuristic(Logan Avenue Problem Solving)sebagian besar positif.

Katakunci: Model LAPS-Heuristic; Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematis.
Personal Exposure of Traffic Policeman to Particulate Matter in Jakarta: Distribution of Size, Chemical Composition, and Work Time
Authors: Ramdhan Doni Hikmat , Ahmad Eka Fitriani , Kurniasari Fitri , Rizky Zuly Prima , Atmajaya Hardy , Santoso Muhayatun
Published: November 2019

Particulate matter (PM) is an air pollutant that has an impact on public health, especially in an urban area. The objective of this study was to analyze the personal concentration of PM2.5 and its composition among police working in the roadside area in Jakarta. PM measurement has done to the policeman that controlled traffic on four near highway locations in Jakarta. Sioutas impactor, Leland Legacy personal pump, and quartz fiber filter were chosen to measure the fine particles. Each PM was measured for 8-hour period. PM concentration was analyzed by the gravimetric method while tracing element and black carbon in PM0.25 by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and EEL Smoke Stain Reflectometer. As a result, near highway PM2.5 concentration in Jakarta during weekdays and weekends measurement are 92.18 ± 10.66 μg/m3, and 78.09 ± 11.61 μg/m3. S, K, Fe, Ca, Zn, and Pb are major elements found in all locations. The black carbon concentration in all location was 17 ± 5.7 μg/m3. A high concentration of fine particles, a traffic-related trace element in PM0.25, and black carbon are showed that traffic-related source is the major contributor to a high level of fine particulate matter at near highway locations in Jakarta. The weekday's concentration of PM2.5 and PM0.25 among Jakarta Policemen was higher than in the weekend concentration. A particle with size of less than 0.25 µm dominated the fine particles concentration. Further researcher is expected to see the difference in the effects of traffic-related particulate matter exposure between traffic policeman and police who work at office.
Mean Free Path of Gas Molecules in Organic Nanochannels Using Molecular Simulations
Authors: Baek Seunghwan , Yucel Akkutlu I..
Published: November 2019

A computational method using molecular–simulation data is introduced to estimate the average mean–free–path length of multicomponent hydrocarbon molecules in an organic nanochannel. Grand–canonical Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is used first to construct the equilibrium distribution of the gas molecules in the channel. These results show that the smaller the channel is, the denser the gas mixture becomes because of nanoconfinement effects. Capillary condensation occurs in the smaller channels. The fluid composition inside a channel becomes progressively heavier when the bulk–fluid pressure outside the nanopore is reduced and the lighter hydrocarbons leave the channel. The mean–free–path lengths of the confined molecules are computed using the trajectories of the molecules displaced over time in the equilibrium molecular–dynamics (MD) simulation. The average length of the confined molecules is estimated to be an order of magnitude smaller than the theoretical value. Further, the length does not show a strong dependence on the channel width and the pressure. Consequently, the predicted Knudsen–number value does not vary significantly, as anticipated by the kinetic theory of gases and by the molecular simulations of pure fluids. This invariance indicates that compositional change caused by nanoconfinement eliminates transition into other transport regimes where continuum mechanics is no longer valid.
Compound heterozygous LPIN2 pathogenic variants in a patient with Majeed syndrome with recurrent fever and severe neutropenia: case report
Authors: liu jun , Hu Xu-Yun , Zhao Zhi-Peng , Guo Ruo-Lan , Guo Jun , Li Wei , Hao Chan-Juan , Xu Bao-Ping
Published: November 2019

Background: Majeed syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disorder first described in 1989. The syndrome starts during infancy with recurrent relapses of osteomyelitis typically associated with fever, congenital dyserythropoietic anemia (CDA), and often neutrophilic dermatosis. Mutations in the LPIN2 gene located on the short arm of chromosome 18 have been identified as being responsible for Majeed syndrome.
Case presentation: We report an 8-month-old boy, who presented with recurrent fever, mild to moderate anemia, and severe neutropenia. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were elevated. Molecular testing identified a paternal splicing donor site variant c.2327+1G>C and a maternal frameshift variant c.1691_1694delGAGA (Arg564Lysfs*3) in LPIN2.
Conclusions: Only a few cases with LPIN2 mutation have been reported, mainly in the Middle East with homozygous variants. Our patient exhibited a mild clinical phenotype and severe neutropenia, different from previous reports.
Autotransplantation of mature impacted tooth to a fresh molar socket using a 3D replica and guided bone regeneration: two years retrospective case series
Authors: Wu Ye , Chen Jiaming , Xie Fuping , Liu Huanhuan , Niu Gang , Zhou Lin
Published: November 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of autotransplantation of mature third molars to fresh molar extraction sockets using 3D replicas.
Methods: Ten patients underwent teeth autotransplantation with or without GBR. We observed the mobility, percussion, radiography examination, the probing depth and the masticatory function of the transplanted teeth during two years following up, which were transplanted into fresh molar sockets by using 3D replicas, and GBR when it is necessary.
Results: The average extra-oral time of donor tooth had been shortened to 1.65 min when used the 3D replica. Some probing depth of the transplanted tooth were deeper than 3 mm at 4 or 5 weeks temporarily. And one patient felt slight sensitive when chewing with soft food at 4 weeks, then disappeared. The clinical examination of the autotransplantation teeth during one year follow-up showed no sign of failure.
Conclusions: The tooth autotransplantation using 3D replica with or without GBR is an effective method which can reduce the extra-oral time of the donor teeth and may result in less failure.
Point of care testing evaluation of lateral flow immunoassay for diagnosis of Cryptococcus Meningitis in Kenya, 2017
Authors: Gitonga Lawrence Kirimi , Boru Waqo Gufu , Kwena Arthur , Maritim Marybeth , Wamicwe Joyce , Ransom James Anthony
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of lateral flow immunoassay (LFA) against latex agglutination (LA), India ink and culture in point-of-care diagnosis of Cryptococcus meningitis (CM). We conducted a cross-sectional study among patients with suspected CM at Mbagathi Hospital, Nairobi, April-July 2017.
Results: Of 124 capillary blood and serum and 99 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples, the agreement between LFA and LA on serum was 94.4%, kappa (0.88), sensitivity (100%) and specificity (91%). LFA and LA on CSF, was 97.9%, kappa (0.96), sensitivity (100%) and specificity (96%). LFA and India ink was 96.9%, kappa (0.94), sensitivity (100%) and specificity (94.1%). On CSF culture, the agreement was 72.7%, kappa (0.43), sensitivity (100%) and specificity (64%). The agreement of LFA on capillary blood, serum and CSF was 100% with kappa (1.00), sensitivity and specificity of 100%
Multidisciplinary training program for the promotion of physical activity and other healthy habits in adolescents: justification, design and methodology of PAP study
Authors: Sánchez-Miguel Pedro Antonio , Vaquero-Solís Mikel , Sánchez-Oliva David , González Juan José Pulido , Serrano Miguel Angel Tapia
Published: November 2019

Overweight and obesity are one of the most important health problems worldwide. Physical inactivity is indicated as one of the most determining factors of overweight and obesity. The Self-Determination Theory points out the importance of motivation in the patterns related to physical activity. The aims of this study were to show the reasons for performing and the methods of a randomised controlled trial o evaluate the effectiveness of a multidisciplinary physical activity programme to promote physical activity levels in inactive school children and encourage healthy lifestyles, carried out under the Self-Determination Theory postulates. The present paper presents a RCT for adolescents of 1st and 2nd grades of Secondary Compulsory School. The multidisciplinary training program consists of two parts: the first part is cross-sectional, and the second part, the Physical Activity Program, is of a longitudinal nature. This project takes into account the socio-economic impact that a healthy lifestyle will generate, as well as its potential to apply the results and transfer them to the productive sector. This study is of great interest to the scientific community as it will provide relevant information on physical inactivity issues, sedentary lifestyle, generation of healthy habits and physical exercise.
Assessment of the educational quality of lumbar puncture instruction videos on YouTube.
Authors: Busser Renee De , Groffi Marie , Hoffbauer Kathleen , Borght Elise Van der , Toelen Jaan
Published: November 2019

Background YouTube has become an important educational platform. For biomedical students the site is a primary information source for informational and instructional videos on a variety of medical topics.This study examined the educational quality of instructional lumbar puncture procedure videos on YouTube.Methods The search strings “lumbar puncture medical procedure” and “spinal tap medical procedure” were used. The first 100 videos for each search string were assessed for eligibility. Video characteristics were documented. To evaluate the popularity of the videos the Video Power Index was calculated. Four validated checklists were used for video assessment: Lumbar Puncture Assessment Tool, reliability score, Global Quality Score, Attractiveness and Understandability score.Results Lumbar puncture videos had a median ratio of 8,90 views/day, 0,04 likes/day and a video power index of 14,44, which was lower compared to other categories of instructional videos (CPR and cake baking). The mean LumPAT score was 34/55, with only three videos scoring at least 44/55, the pass ratio of this assessment. The median reliability score was 3/4, the median GQS 3/5 (moderate quality) and the median AU score 6,5/8. Significant correlations were found between the LumPAT score and the video length (p = 0,003), the GQS (p < 0,001) and the AU score (p = 0,01).Conclusions In this study, only three out of the 23 videos passed the LumPAT score. The majority of the instructional videos are not suitable for the training of health care professionals and students in performing a lumbar puncture procedure.
First line in psychiatric emergency: Pre-hospital emergency protocol for mental disorders in Iran
Authors: Shirzad Fatemeh , Hadi Fateme , Mortazavi Seyede Salehe , Biglari Maryam , Sari Hassan Noori , Mohammadi Zeinab , Atoofi Mehrdad Kazemzade , Shariat Seyed Vahid
Published: November 2019

Introduction This article is a report of designing a rapid and effective guide for paramedics who take care of patients in a pre-hospital setting to answer developing demands.Methods The relevant literature was reviewed, and the topics were extracted. Then, the extracted items were discussed in an expert panel. Finally, items were discussed in a meeting including emergency technicians and emergency technical assistants to identify implementation problems.Result Important topics for managing psychiatric patients were categorized at three levels: 1) Patient safety and security issues, 2) Patient status assessment and diagnosis, and 3) Patient management (medical, behavioral management, and referral to a treatment center).Discussion This protocol can be a solution to improve emergency technician training. Such summarized protocols can be used for rapid review immediately before exposure to a patient with an acute psychiatric condition. Due to specific cultural and different access to medicines in Iran, some issues (For instant, access to medications) are different.
Adapting wellbeing research tools for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Nagel Tricia , Sweet Michelle , Dingwall Kylie , Puszka Stefanie , Hughes Jaqueline , Kavanagh David , Cass Alan , Howard Kirsten , Majoni Sandawana
Published: November 2019

Background There is an acute need to develop wellbeing measures and interventions that are appropriate for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, including residents of remote communities who have chronic physical conditions. The Kessler 10, Patient Health Questionnaire 9, and EuroQoL are valid, reliable, and commonly used tools to assess various aspects of wellbeing but have not yet been translated to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander languages. Similarly, the Stay Strong App is a brief, culturally responsive, e-mental health intervention, but has not been used with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people with Chronic Kidney Disease. Methods We aimed to pilot test the above tools with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians with Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 5 (CKD-5) and develop revised versions suitable for use in a clinical trial using a four-stage multi-method approach. Stage 1: Pilot testing of outcome measures and Stay Strong App intervention in a purposive sample of five haemodialysis patients and carers to examine acceptability. Stage 2: Translation of outcome measures through collaboration between the Aboriginal Interpreter Service, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander research officers and research team. Stage 3: Conversion of revised outcome measures to electronic format. Stage 4: Collaboration of research team and an Expert Panel in an iterative approach to adapt the Stay Strong App. Results Stage 1: Pilot testing of outcome measures identified three areas of difficulty: explanation of time frames and frequency responses, translation of the terms ‘worthless’ and ‘hopeless’, and fatigue and boredom related to the assessment process. Stage 2: Translation of most items was uncontroversial. Discrepancies between team member views and local interpretations of specific terms were addressed. Final drafts were forwarded to the Aboriginal Interpreter Service for translation. Stage 3: Audio translations in 11 languages were integrated into an interactive Outcome Measures App. Stage 4: A new renal version of the Stay Strong App was developed through research team and expert panel consensus. Conclusion The four-stage approach allowed adaptation of the tools for use within a future trial of wellbeing interventions for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people receiving haemodialysis. Trial registration: ACTRN12617000249358 Registered 17 February 2017.
Prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) decreases the incidence of interstitial pneumonia in B cell non- Hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving chemotherapy with rituximab
Authors: Li Cong , Lu Fangxiao , Tao Lei , Yu Haifeng , Chen Xi , Peng Shuailing , Han Shuiyun , Yang Haiyan
Published: November 2019

Several studies have reported incidence of interstitial pneumonia (IP) among patients with non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) receiving chemotherapy with rituximab, however the best prophylaxis method remains unclear. This retrospective study was intended to identify the effect of prophylactic TMP-SMX once daily on IP and high risk factors effecting IP in patients with NHL. From March 2013 to April 2018, 498 patients (264 male, 53%) with B cell NHL receiving first-line CHOP-like chemotherapy with rituximab were enrolled in this study. The median age of the patients was 56 years old. Among these patients, 311 patients (62.4%) received prophylaxis of TMP-SMX. IP occurred in 65 patients, so the incidence rate of IP was 13.1%. The prophylactic use of TMP-SMX given one tablet daily could significantly decrease the rate of IP from 21.4% to 8.0% (p<0.001). For 311 patients with prophylactic TMP-SMX, 2 (1.2%) had rashes, 38 (12.2%) suffered nausea and vomiting, 52 (16.7%) exhibited neutropenia, and 18 (5.8%) suffered kidney dysfunction. Being male, having a history of diabetes and not receiving TMP-SMX prophylactic therapy were considered as statistically significant risk factors for IP in univariate and multivariate analysis. Disease progression was observed in 55/311 (17.7%) patients with prophylactic TMP-SMX and in 63/187 (33.7%) patients without prophylactic TMP-SMX treatment (p<0.001). The present study concluded that IP occurrence is not rare in B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma patients receiving chemotherapy with rituximab, while prophylaxis of oral TMP-SMX given one tablet daily significantly decreased incidence of IP.
Effect of drought stress during soybean R2-R6 growth stages on sucrose metabolism and its transport from leaf to seed
Authors: Du Yanli , Zhao Qiang , Chen Liru , Yao Xingdong , Zhang Huijun , Zhang Bo , Wu Junjiang , Xie Futi
Published: November 2019

Background Sucrose is the main photosynthesis product of plants and the fundamental carbon skeleton monomer and energy supply for seed formation and development. Drought stress induces decreased photosynthetic carbon assimilation capacity and seriously affects seed weight in soybean. However, little is known about the relationship between decreases in soybean seed yield and disruption of sucrose metabolism and transport balance in leaves and seeds during the reproductive stages of crop growth.Results Three soybean cultivars with similar growth periods, ‘Shennong17’, ‘Shennong8’, and ‘Shennong12’ were subjected to drought stress during reproductive growth for 45 days. Drought stress significantly reduced leaf photosynthetic rate, shoot biomass, and seed weight. Drought stress changed the distribution of carbon assimilation products in leaves, thus decreasing starch content and increasing soluble sugar content. Drought stress increased the activities of sucrose phosphate synthase, sucrose synthase, and acid invertase enzymes, and up-regulated the expression levels of GmSPS1 , GmSuSy2 , and GmA-INV in leaves. Drought stress decreased the contents of starch, fructose, and glucose in seeds during the late seed filling stages, while it induced sucrose accumulated, which resulted in a decreased hexose-to-sucrose ratio. In developing seeds, the activities of sucrose synthesis and decomposition enzymes and the expression levels of genes related to metabolism were enhanced during early seed development under drought stress; however, under prolonged drought stress, all of them decreased. The expression levels of sucrose transporter genes in seeds were up-regulated under drought stress during early seed development, but down-regulated in leaves and seeds during the middle and late seed filling stages.Conclusion These results demonstrated that drought stress enhances the capacity for unloading sucrose into seeds and activated sucrose metabolism in seeds during early seed development. At the middle and late seed filling stages, sucrose flow from leaves to seeds was diminished, and the balance of sucrose metabolism was impaired in seeds, resulting in seed mass reduction. The different regulation strategies in sucrose allocation, metabolism, and transport during different seed development stages may be one of the physiological mechanisms for soybean plants to resist drought stress.
Comparative physiological and biochemical mechanisms of salt tolerance in five contrasting highland quinoa cultivars
Authors: Gao Qi , Cai Zhiquan
Published: November 2019

Background Chenopodium quinoa Willd., a halophytic crop, shows great variability among different genotypes in response to salt. To investigate the salinity tolerance mechanisms, five quinoa cultivars belonging to highland ecotype were compared for their seed germination (under 0, 100 and 400 mM NaCl) and seedling’s responses under five salinity levels (0, 100, 200, 300 and 400 mM NaCl).Results Substantial variations were found in plant size (biomass) and overall salinity tolerance (plant biomass in salt treatment as % of control) among the quinoa cultivars. Plant salinity tolerance was negatively associated with plant size, especially at lower salinity levels (<300 mM NaCl), but salt tolerance between seed germination and seedling growth is not closely correlated. Except for shoot/root ratio, all measured plant traits responded to salt in a genotype-specific way. Salt stress resulted in decreased plant height, leaf area, root length, and root/shoot ratio in each cultivar. With increasing salinity levels, leaf superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and lipid peroxidation generally increased, but catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) activities showed non-linear patterns. Organic solutes (soluble sugar, proline and protein) accumulated in leaves, whereas inorganic ion (Na + and K + ) increased but K + /Na + decreased in both leaves and roots. Across different salinity levels and cultivars, without close relationships with antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, POD, or CAT), salinity tolerance was significantly negatively correlated with leaf organic solute and malondialdehyde contents and inorganic ion contents in leaves or roots (not root K + content), but positively correlated with K + /Na + ratio in leaves or roots.Conclusion Our results established that leaf osmoregulation, K + retention, Na + exclusion, and ion homeostasis are the main physiological mechanisms conferring salinity tolerance of these cultivars, rather than the regulations of leaf antioxidative ability. As an index of salinity tolerance, K + /Na + ratio in leaves or roots can be used for the selective breeding of highland quinoa cultivars.
A Genotyping-by-sequencing Single Nucleotide Polymorphism–based Map and Genetic Analysis of Root Traits in an Interspecific Tomato Population
Authors: Xie Limeng , Klein Patricia , Crosby Kevin , Jifon John
Published: November 2019

Roots impact plants’ capacity to absorb water and nutrients and thus play a vital role in tolerance to drought, salinity, and nutrient stress. In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) breeding programs, wild tomato species have been commonly used to increase disease resistance and fruit quality and yield. However, tomato has seldom been bred for water/nutrient use efficiency or resilience to abiotic stress. Meanwhile, little knowledge of the genetic control of root traits in tomato is available. In this study, a mapping population consisting of 181 F2 progenies derived from a cross between an advanced breeding line RvT1 (S. lycopersicum) and a wild species Lche4 (Solanum cheesmaniae) was evaluated for root and shoot traits in the greenhouse. Root phenotypes were studied for the early seedling stage. Heritability estimates show that root traits are moderately or highly heritable. Root mass was highly correlated with root size (length, surface area, and volume). Shoot mass and chlorophyll content (SPAD) were moderately correlated with root mass and size. Genotyping-by-sequencing was applied to discover single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Seven hundred and forty-two SNPs were successfully mapped, and a medium-dense linkage map was created that covered 1319.47 centimorgans (cM) with an average distance of 1.78 cM between adjacent markers. Using composite interval mapping, multiple quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping and nonparametric mapping, 29 QTLs were identified for 12 root and shoot traits on eight chromosomes. Those QTLs of major and minor effect were involved in the differences among the F2 population. Two QTL hotspot regions associated with root mass, size, shoot mass and SPAD were identified on chromosomes 1 and 4, which was consistent with the correlation among traits. Five QTLs for shoot length and eight QTLs for SPAD were accounting for 40.01% and 55.53% of the phenotypic variation. Two QTLs were associated with 18.26% of the total variation for specific root length. The wild parent Lche4 has been characterized as a potential genetic donor of higher specific root length and might be a good parent to modify the root system of cultivated tomato.
Genotype Is Primarily Responsible for Variance in Table Beet Geosmin Concentration, but Complex Genotype × Environment Interactions Influence Variance in Total Dissolved Solids
Authors: Hanson Solveig J. , Goldman Irwin L.
Published: November 2019

Earthy aroma and sweet flavor, conferred by the volatile terpenoid geosmin (trans-1,10-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol) and sucrose, respectively, are two essential flavor components of table beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris). To elucidate the influence of genotype, growing environment, and fertilizer treatment on geosmin concentration and sucrose [as total dissolved solids (TDS)] in table beet, a field-based genotype × environment study was conducted using a split-split plot design. Four site × year combinations served as whole plots; MgSO4·H2O and CaSO4 comprised split plot fertilizer treatments; open-pollinated cultivars Bull’s Blood and Touchstone Gold, F1 hybrid Merlin, and inbred line W357B constituted split-split plot genotype treatments. Geosmin concentration was measured via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry using headspace solid-phase microextraction, and TDS was measured via refractometry. Variation in geosmin concentration was attributable to a strong genotype effect and significant genotype × year and year × site interactions. Genotypes were observed to have characteristic geosmin concentration and variance, despite being grown in soils with widely divergent physical and chemical properties. While a significant genotype main effect was also present for TDS, it occurred in the context of significant four-way and three-way genotype × environment interactions, plus significant effects of year and year × site interaction. Neither geosmin concentration nor TDS was significantly influenced by fertilizer treatment or fertilizer × environment interactions, averaged across genotypes. Genetics determined a larger proportion of variance for geosmin concentration than TDS in the four table beet genotypes assessed, as reflected in repeatability measurements of 0.90 and 0.43, respectively. This experiment provides support for the primacy of genotype in determining table beet geosmin concentration and a comparatively moderate role of genotype in determining table beet TDS. Thus, genetic manipulation of table beet geosmin could yield cultivars with signature flavor characteristics to serve both niche and mainstream consumer groups, expanding market opportunities for breeders and growers.
Molecular Basis of Flower Formation in Apple Caused by Defoliation and Gibberellins
Authors: Elsysy Mokhles A. , Hirst Peter M.
Published: November 2019

Adequate flower formation limits dependable apple (Malus ×domestica) production and is a major challenge for apple industries around the world. ‘Honeycrisp’ is a high value apple cultivar, but consistent flowering is difficult to achieve. Apple flower formation is affected by factors including defoliation, girdling, and gibberellin (GA4+7) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) applications. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate the effects of these factors are not well understood. We studied the effect of local spur defoliation, GA4+7 and NAA applications on ‘Honeycrisp’ flower formation. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of local defoliation and local GA4+7 application on the transcript levels of two major flower formation genes in the meristems of apple spurs. The floral inhibition gene terminal flower1-1 (MdTFL1-1) and floral promoting genes flowering locus T (MdFT1 and MdFT 2) of apple. Local application of GA4+7 and defoliation treatments inhibited flower formation, but NAA applications were without effect. Defoliation treatments were accompanied by a significant reduction in MdFT1, 2 transcript levels compared with controls early in the growing season. Conversely, GA4+7 application was accompanied by a significant increase in MdTFL1-1 transcripts compared with controls throughout the growing season. These results indicate that GA4+7 inhibits flower formation by upregulating the inhibitory MdTFL1-1, and defoliation acts by downregulating transcript levels of MdFT1, 2 early in the growing season. We also provide evidence that defoliated bourse buds may receive flowering promotion signals from other parts of the tree in the absence of their local leaves.
A PILOT CLINICAL TRIAL TO MONITOR RESPONSE TO CHEMOTHERAPY USING THE CA-62 MARKER OF EPITHELIAL CARCINOMAS
Authors: Khakimova G. G. , Cherkasova Zh. R. , Tsurkan S. A. , Fedchikov G. A. , Suganov N. V. , Gorbunova V. A.
Published: November 2019

The objective of the study was to assess the feasibility of using CA -62 marker of epithelial carcinomas for monitoring treatment response and detecting cancer progression or recurrence during chemotherapy.

Material and Methods. A 12-month double-blind clinical trial was conducted by two independent groups: clinical oncologists and biochemists, and involved 89 patients with different cancers confirmed by histopathological findings. The other inclusion criteria were: the presence of at least one measurable lesion according to the RECIST criteria, ECOG performance status 0-2 and satisfactory laboratory parameters. The expression of CA -62 cancer marker was measured by immunochemiluminescent assay used for the detection of epithelial carcinomas.

Results. The elevated level of CA -62 marker was observed in 76 patients before starting the treatment. After completion chemotherapy, the level of this marker decreased to the normal reference ranges (<4600 U/ml) in 53 % of patients and remained increased in 24 % of patients. Of 24 % of patients with the initial low level of CA -62 marker (1000–4000 U/ml) before treatment, 12 % had no changes in the level of this marker during chemotherapy; however, 5 % of these patients had disease progression and 7 % had stable disease after starting the treatment. In 12 % of patients with an initial low CA -62 level, it increased during chemotherapy, indicating disease progression.

Conclusion. The changes in the level of CA -62 marker during chemotherapy in patients with gastric cancer, small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, neuroendocrine cancer and ovarian cancer showed a high correlation (76–100 % depending on the tumor site) with the performance status of the patients according to RECIST criteria. The CA -62 marker was shown to be feasible for monitoring gastric cancer, small-cell lung cancer, colorectal cancer, neuroendocrine cancer and ovarian cancer as well as for assessing the response to chemotherapy.
Classic Palace Architecture of the Eastern Podillia in Ukraine: Historical Background and Key Factors
Authors: KHOROSHA Oksana , SMOLIAK Volodymyr
Published: November 2019

The article deals with the palace architecture of the style of classicism in the Eastern Podillia in Ukraine of the late 18th and early 20th centuries, in the context of historical and socio-political backgrounds. This issue remains poorly studied, because it was not considered comprehensively for Eastern Podillia. The purpose of the article is to establish the factors and historical preconditions of the architecture of the palace complexes in accordance with the world tendencies and regional features of Eastern Podillia. The complex of general scientific and special research methods was applied in the work. It was established, that the palace architecture of Eastern Podillia was formed dependent on socio-economic and political changes in society, a complex of the main factors and worldview-cultural desires of the owners of estates. Determined, that the principles of the European classicism had an impact on the creation of conceptual features and typical signs of the palace complexes of the Eastern Podilia in the context of regional architectural tendencies and belonging to the territory of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18 century.
Development of Daphnia Magna Under Exposure to Ampicillin
Authors: VO Thi-My-Chi , PHAM Ngoc-Han , NGUYEN Tan-Duc , BUI Manh-Ha , DAO Thanh-Son
Published: November 2019

In this study, the chronic effects of Ampicillin on survival, reproduction and growth of Daphnia magna was monitored during 21 days exposure test. The results showed that Ampicillin strongly affected on life history traits of Daphnia magna, i.e. 47% reduction of survival proportion, lower 68% reproduction than the control, and reduction in body length and in the intrinsic population rate, especially at its highest concentration. The antibiotics especially Ampicillin should be included int the Vietnam guidelines for environmental and ecological protection.
COMPUTATIONAL DESIGN FOR THE PRESERVATION AND ENHANCEMENT OF HISTORICAL HERITAGE. A PREFABRICATED COVERING PROTOTYPE FOR ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES IN RURAL CONTEXT
Authors: BEVILACQUA Marco Giorgio , IARDELLA Filippo , PALAZZUOLI Marco , CUADRADO Rodrigo Rubio
Published: November 2019

In Italy, many archaeological sites in peri-urban and rural areas are in a deep state of neglect, with unprotected remains and no prospects of enhancement. The paper shows the results of a study aimed at developing a parametric prototype of a prefabricated coverage, to be adapted to various conditions. The Roman Domus of the Acropolis of Populonia in the archaeological park of Baratti and Populonia in Tuscany was chosen as case study. The prototype was parametrically realized using heuristic algorithms based on natural selection (Genetic Algorithms), associated with multi-objective optimization criteria. The algorithm was conceived to optimize the support pillars’ position and the visiting path, in relation to the main points of interest of the archaeological site. The final product consists of a wooden structural covering with 11 steel circular-section pillars, completed with a casing made of wood slats and opaque white PVC sheets.
GRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL MAPS. TRACES OF INDUSTRIAL ARCHEOLOGY IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN SECTOR OF THE CITY OF CAGLIARI. (SARDINIA, ITALY)
Authors: PIRINU Andrea
Published: November 2019

The contribution proposed is a part of a research aimed at the definition of methodologies for the analysis and representation of the landscape of Sardinia, with particular reference to one of its most important and characteristic versions: the landscape of the wetlands. The history of the city of Cagliari is strongly linked to the sea and the lagoons, elements that constituted the authentic “settlement principle” where the lagoons, in particular, were sources of decisive resources as well as for fishing, for the landing (especially the western ponds) and salt extraction (mainly from the Molentargius pond). The case study consists in a part of the regional natural park Molentargius-Saline, a system of considerable environmental and landscape value that hosts examples of industrial archeology. Through a multi-scale approach that links traditional and IT tools it is possible to define some representative graphic models of the studied landscape in order to plan its protection and enhancement. The comparison between historical maps and aerial images here presented is the first step of a path of knowledge that explores, analyzes and wants to highlight the most important transformation that occurred in this area since the nineteenth century and a partial preservation of historical cultural landscape.
MULTI-VARIABLE OPTIMIZATION MODELS FOR BUILDING ENVELOPE DESIGN USING ENERGYPLUS SIMULATION AND METAHEURISTIC ALGORITHMS
Authors: GRYGIEREK Krzysztof , FERDYN-GRYGIEREK Joanna
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the method of optimal design of the building envelope. The influence of four types of windows, their size, building orientation, insulation of external walls, ceiling to unheated attic and ground floor on the life cycle costs in a single-family building in Polish climate conditions is analyzed. The optimization procedure is developed by means of the coupling between MATLAB and EnergyPlus. The results using three metaheuristic methods: genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, and algorithm based on teaching and learning are compared. The analyses have shown the possibility of reducing the life cycle costs through the optimal selection of the building structure. The high initial investment (above the required standard) pays off in the long run when using a building.
THE PRELIMINARY UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION BEHAVIOR OF CORRUGATED COLD FORMED STEEL MEMBERS
Authors: KILIÇ Mahmut , MAALI Mahyar , AYDIN Abdulkadir Cüneyt
Published: November 2019

The modern basic civil engineering concept is to design simplistic structures, by using innovative brand new manufacturing and assemblage concepts. As a result of this concept, arch type steel plates are used like the corrugated coatings. The main purpose of this work is to describe the Roll Form Machine (RFM) technology as used for the structures, especially for the roofs. Cold formed arch type steel structures may be fast and simple. These types of structures were used for temporary buildings in the US Army. Nowadays, this technology becomes popular and gets in consideration for civil life. However, the design concept of this technology does not have a theoretical model, and the calculations are evaluated according to the United States Standards. The uniaxial compressive behaviors of corrugated arch type steel members are observed, experimentally within this work.
ENERGY EFFICIENCY ECONOMICS OF CONVERSION OF BIOGAS FROM THE FERMENTATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE TO BIOMETHANE AS A FUEL FOR AUTOMOTIVE VEHICLES
Authors: CIUŁA Józef , GASKA Krzysztof , ILJUCZONEK Łukasz , GENEROWICZ Agnieszka , KOVAL Viktor
Published: November 2019

The paper presents the analysis of efficiency and energy economics potential applicability of biomethane as an alternative fuel for powering company owned motor vehicles and public transport vehicles produced by the conversion of surplus biogas generated in municipal sewage treatment plants. Biogas produced at municipal wastewater treatment plants in the process of anaerobic fermentation of sewage sludge is a source of renewable energy used for energy generation. Currently in Poland, the most commonly applied management method of biogas produced from sewage sludge involves the production of energy in a cogeneration system. Having in mind the condition of the natural environment, the search for alternative fuels for motor vehicles is underway. One of the types that can be used is biomethane, produced by the conversion of biogas produced in the fermentation process of organic wastes contained in sewage sludge. The biogas purified to contain about 95% of methane can be used in vehicles designed to burn gaseous fuel. In order to implement the conversion process of biogas to biomethane, it is necessary to work out a balance sheet of biogas produced at the sewage treatment plant, to study its chemical composition and to select the optimal technology to obtain high-energy gas fuel that meets required standards. In the course of the biogas conversion process, carbon dioxide is removed, which is regarded here as the so-called energy ballast. The technology used for powering motor vehicles by means of biomethane has been successfully implemented in many countries of the European Union. In view of environmental considerations, the proposed solution is generally supported because biomethane-powered engines have lower levels of emissions harmful to people and the environment.
REMOVAL OF HARDNESS IN WASTEWATER EFFLUENT USING MEMBRANE FILTRATION
Authors: DUDZIAK Mariusz , KUDLEK Edyta
Published: November 2019

The effluents from urban wastewater treatment plant are characterized by high concentrations of both calcium and magnesium salts which contribute to the hardness of this particular water flux. It applies primarily to places where the distribution systems draw water from underground sources. Using hard water, for instance, in households causes the domestic wastewater to be hard as well. The hardness of wastewater is not a normative indicator. However, it is an important scientific aspect in the field of water reclamation. As part of this work, research of the reduction of the overall hardness of effluent from the selected urban wastewater treatment plant in the Upper Silesia (Poland) was commenced. After the preliminary tests it was determined that, according to the common water hardness classification, the hardness of effluent from the researched treatment plant equals the hardness of hard water (350–550 mg CaCO3/L). In order to reduce the hardness of wastewater effluent a membrane filtration, including nanofiltration and reverse osmosis, was proposed. The processes were performed comparatively with the use of composite pipe membranes of PCI Membrane System Inc. (USA). The membrane used for nanofiltration was AFC-30 and the one for reverse osmosis was AFC-80. In both cases the transmembrane pressure was 2.0 MPa, while temperature and feed linear velocity amounted to 20°C and 3.4 m/s, respectively. It was determined that after both the reverse osmosis and nanofiltration the treated wastewaters were very soft. Therefore, the use of these processes, for instance, for productive purposes, may be considered. It should also be borne in mind that the nanofiltration process was more favorable in terms of membrane effectiveness.
ADDITIONAL INSULATION MATERIALS IN A WINDOW FRAME: EXPERIMENTAL AND CFD ANALYSES
Authors: KOPER Piotr , JANKOWSKA Marta
Published: November 2019

During our research, we tested how addition of insulating material inside a PCV window profile affects improvement of its thermal insulation. The tested insulation types were: PIR board, aerogel mat, and 3D printed additional profiles. The analysis of the heat flux passing through the window frame was carried out using the authors’ methodics, based on measurements of the temperature distribution in operating conditions and CDF simulations. The heat flux passing through the profile is calculated numerically, and the results of measurements are used to validate the accuracy of these simulations. For all the tested cases, simulations accurately reproduced the results of measurements. The heat flux drop compared to unmodified profile was about 9.8% for aerogel mat, 6.9% for PIR board, and 4.3% for 3D printed elements.