bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of integrins in cellular immunity of the oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata
Authors: Mao Yuting , Furukawa Seiichi
Published: August 2024

Insect hemocytes eliminate foreign substances from the hemocoel through various immune reactions. Integrins, receptor proteins present on the cell membrane, are formed as a heterodimer from α and β subunits and are known to be involved in various immune reactions. To elucidate the role of integrins in the immunity of the lepidoptera Mythimna separata, genes encoding integrins were screened from the genome, resulting in the identification of eight α and four β integrin genes. The expression levels of the integrin genes did not change in response to the injection of small abiotic beads undergoing phagocytosis in M. separata larvae. However, significant inductions of some integrin gene expressions were observed in hemocytes that formed capsules around large abiotic beads during encapsulation, especially in MysIntα2. Under biotic stimulation, induction of the MysIntα2 was evident after exposures to Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli) and entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema carpocapsae), but not to Gram‐positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus). Immunostaining analysis revealed that MysIntα2 was specifically localized to hemocytes surrounding the beads during the encapsulation reaction. Furthermore, the spreading and encapsulation abilities of hemocytes were significantly inhibited by incubation with MysIntα2 antibodies. Suppression of MysIntα2 expression in M. separata larvae by injecting double‐stranded RNA also resulted in a decrease in encapsulation activity. Collectively, these results indicate that MysIntα2 plays pivotal roles in the cellular immune response of M. separata, particularly during encapsulation. This likely occurs through the regulation of hemocyte spreading activity, thereby facilitating the formation of multilayered capsules around large invaders.
The effects and potential benefits of audit committee oversight in a strategic setting
Authors: Patterson Evelyn R. , Smith J. Reed , Tiras Samuel L.
Published: August 2024

Since the passage of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002, many notable frauds have been tied to ineffective audit committee (AC) oversight. As a result, AC oversight is of continuing interest, and regulators continue to debate this issue, garnering a growing body of research focused on the role played by the AC. But little theoretical research exists to guide analytical and empirical researchers investigating AC oversight. The purpose of this study is to provide theoretical guidance by examining AC oversight in a strategic setting. We focus on the AC's role in overseeing internal controls (ICs) and the impact of whether the AC relies on management in designing the controls. We characterize how the nature of control risk changes and how IC strength is associated with the amount of managerial fraud, expected probability of fraud detection (which, on average, equates to audit effort), and audit quality (assessed as 1 − audit risk) across two settings defined by the degree of AC oversight. As one example that highlights the need for theoretical guidance, we consider the literature's presumption that IC strength is negatively associated with audit effort. We find that this association may be positive or negative as IC changes, where the association varies with the degree of direct AC oversight and the change in payoff parameters.
Stock market liberalisation and debt maturity structure: Evidence from the Shanghai‐Hong Kong Stock Connect
Authors: Feng Mengjun , Yao Dequan , Yang Shenggang , Dai Pengyi
Published: August 2024

This study uses a sample of Chinese A‐share listed firms between 2012 and 2021 to analyse the effects of the launch of the Shanghai‐Hong Kong Stock Connect (SHSC) policy on the debt maturity structure as well as its mechanism. The research illustrates that the implementation of the policy has resulted in a lengthening of the debt maturity structure. In addition, the results of the research indicate that the information environment and corporate governance may serve as potential mechanisms for how stock market liberalisation may influence the length of debt maturity. Moreover, the debt maturity structure significantly lengthens for firms facing greater financing constraints, non‐state‐owned enterprises (NSOEs), and small‐scale firms following the establishment of the SHSC policy. These empirical findings remain robust after several sensitivity tests. Overall, these results show that the SHSC policy has given firms more opportunities for growth, leading to changes in their debt maturity structure and contributing to the healthy and stable development of these firms.
The effect of CEO adverse professional experience on management forecast pessimism
Authors: Khoo Eunice S. , Lu Louise Y. , Peng Zihang
Published: August 2024

We examine how CEOs' past experiences of corporate distress affect their subsequent forecast behaviour. We find that CEOs who experienced distress in a non‐CEO position at another firm issue more pessimistic management earnings forecasts after becoming CEO at their current firm. The effect of such experiences on CEOs' forecasting behaviour is more pronounced when these have occurred more frequently or recently. The effect of distress experiences is mitigated for overconfident and experienced CEOs, but amplified in firms with poor performance and high uncertainty. Our findings suggest that CEOs who experienced corporate distress could be overly cautious when forecasting future earnings.
The effect of severe renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of mitiperstat
Authors: Bhattacharya Chandrali S. , Pizzato Patricia Ely , Heijer Maria , Sunnåker Mikael , Holden Julie , Trebski Monika , Nelander Karin , Ali Hodan , Genov Diyan K. , Aurell Malin , Collén Anna , Ericsson Hans
Published: August 2024

Aims

Mitiperstat is a novel, highly potent myeloperoxidase inhibitor being evaluated in patients with cardio‐metabolic disease (phase 2). These patients often have impaired renal function, which may affect mitiperstat pharmacokinetics. This study assessed mitiperstat pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability in participants with severe renal impairment and normal renal function, to inform inclusion of participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 in phase 3.

Methods

Participants with severe renal impairment (eGFR ≥15 and <30 mL/min/1.73 m2) who were not on dialysis (n = 10) and group‐matched controls (eGFR ≥90 mL/min/1.73 m2; n = 10) received a single mitiperstat 2.5 mg oral tablet. Blood samples were collected at intervals for 2 weeks and urine samples for 24 h post‐dose.

Results

Total apparent mitiperstat clearance was 10.83 L/h in the severe renal impairment cohort and 25.62 L/h in the control cohort. The area under the plasma concentration–time curve was 2.37‐fold higher (90% confidence interval [CI]: 1.79, 3.12) in the severe renal impairment cohort than in the control cohort, with longer elimination half‐life and similar maximum concentration. Non‐renal clearance was similar between the cohorts.

Conclusions

Mitiperstat apparent clearance was approximately twofold lower in individuals with severe renal impairment than in those with normal renal function. Lower clearance was driven by reduced renal clearance; non‐renal clearance was similar. Mitiperstat was generally well tolerated by participants with severe renal impairment and normal renal function. These findings, together with efficacy and safety/tolerability data from phase 2b, will guide the dosing regimen for phase 3.
Clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with relapse following electroconvulsive therapy for bipolar disorder
Authors: Thomsen Rasmus Bengt , Salagre Estela , Rohde Christopher , Østergaard Søren Dinesen
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is an effective treatment for bipolar disorder, but relapse following a successful ECT series is common. We aimed to identify clinical and sociodemographic characteristics associated with the risk of relapse following ECT in bipolar disorder.

Methods

Using data from nationwide Danish registers, we identified all patients receiving their first ECT series with an indication diagnosis of bipolar disorder between 2006 and 2018. We then followed these patients for relapse, defined as either psychiatric admission or a new ECT series, for 6 months following ECT. Associations between clinical and sociodemographic characteristics and relapse were examined via multivariable Cox proportional‐hazards regression, yielding adjusted hazard rate ratios (aHRR).

Results

Of the 1473 patients receiving ECT for bipolar disorder (62% females, mean age = 53 years), 34% met the relapse criterion. The following characteristics were associated with an elevated risk of relapse; age <40 (aHRR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.05–2.26); being a pensioner (aHRR = 1.73, 95% CI = 1.29–2.32), indication diagnosis for ECT being psychotic mania (aHRR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.16–2.28), psychotic bipolar depression (aHRR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.06–1.80), mixed episode (aHRR = 1.51, 95% CI = 1.13–2.02), or other bipolar episodes (aHRR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.28–2.21); and treatment with antipsychotics prior to the course of ECT (aHRR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.04–1.67).

Conclusion

Patients with bipolar disorder face a particularly high risk of relapse following ECT if they present with the following characteristics when initiating ECT: age <40, being a pensioner, having received treatment with an antipsychotic before initiating ECT, or having psychotic bipolar depression, psychotic mania, mixed episodes, or other bipolar episodes as the indication for ECT. These findings may guide relapse monitoring following ECT in bipolar disorder.
Hospital‐treated bipolar disorder in adolescence in Finland 1980–2010: Rehospitalizations, diagnostic stability, and mortality
Authors: Repo Anna , Kaltiala Riittakerttu , Holttinen Timo
Published: August 2024

Aims

Estimates of the occurrence of bipolar disorder among adolescents vary from country to country and from time to time. Long delays from first symptoms to diagnosis of bipolar disorder have been suggested. Studies among adults suggest increased mortality, particularly due to suicide and cardiovascular diseases. We set out to study the prognosis of adolescent onset bipolar disorder in terms of rehospitalizations, diagnostic stability, and mortality.

Methods

The study comprised a register‐based follow‐up of all adolescents admitted to psychiatric inpatient care for the first time in their lives at age 13–17 during the period 1980–2010. They were followed up in the National Care Register for Health Care and Causes of death registers until 31 December 2014.

Results

Incidence of bipolar disorder among 13‐ to 17‐year‐old adolescents over the whole study period was 2.8 per 100, 000 same aged adolescents, and across decades, the incidence increased six‐fold. Patients with bipolar disorder during their first‐ever inpatient treatment were rehospitalized more often than those treated for other reasons. Conversion from bipolar disorder to other diagnoses was far more common than the opposite. Mortality did not differ between those firstdiagnosed with bipolar disorder and those treated for other reasons.

Conclusion

The incidence of adolescent onset bipolar disorder has increased across decades. The present study does not call for attention to delayed diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Adolescent onset bipolar disorders are severe disorders that often require rehospitalization, but diagnostic stability is modest. Mortality is comparable to that in other equally serious disorders.
Treatment Outcomes of Intralesional Steroid Injection for Refractory Vocal Process Granuloma
Authors: Yu Po‐Jun , Hung Wei‐Chen , Wang Chi‐Te
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Vocal process granuloma (VPG) is a chronic condition resulting from a mucoperichondrial injury of vocal process. Initial conservative treatment typically involves vocal hygiene education and antireflux medication. Treatment challenges arise with refractory cases. Outcomes of second‐line treatments such as surgical excision and botulinum toxin injections remain inconsistent. Thus, we propose this study to investigate the effectiveness of intralesional steroid injections for refractory VPG.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of 23 patients with VPG who showed no improvement after 3 months of proton pump inhibitors. These patients underwent one to three courses of monthly in‐office intralesional steroid injections as a second‐line therapy. Treatment outcomes were evaluated by measuring the size of the VPG relative to the length of the vocal folds before and after the final injection procedure.

Results

Results showed a significant reduction in VPG size from baseline of 27.74 ± 15.06 to 5.48 ± 8.95 (p < .001). 15 out of 23 patients were responsive (size reduction ≥ 75%) to intralesional steroid injection. Alcohol consumption and longer symptom duration were associated with a poor response (size reduction <75%), whereas prior intubation was associated with better response.

Conclusions

For refractory VPG not responding to conservative treatment, intralesional steroid injection appears to be a promising alternative option without significant adverse effects.
Differences in pulmonary function measured by oscillometry between horses with mild–moderate equine asthma and healthy controls
Authors: Lo Feudo Chiara Maria , Ferrucci Francesco , Bizzotto Davide , Dellacà Raffaele , Lavoie Jean‐Pierre , Stucchi Luca
Published: August 2024

Background

The diagnosis of mild–moderate equine asthma (MEA) can be confirmed by airway endoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALf) cytology, and lung function evaluation by indirect pleural pressure measurement. Oscillometry is a promising pulmonary function test method, but its ability to detect subclinical airway obstruction has been questioned.

Objectives

To evaluate the differences in lung function measured by oscillometry between healthy and MEA‐affected horses.

Study design

Prospective case–control clinical study.

Methods

Thirty‐seven horses were divided into healthy and MEA groups, based on history and clinical score; the diagnosis of MEA was confirmed by airway endoscopy and BALf cytology. Horses underwent oscillometry at frequencies ranging from 2 to 6 Hz. Obtained parameters included whole‐breath, inspiratory, expiratory, and the difference between inspiratory and expiratory resistance (Rrs) and reactance (Xrs). Differences between oscillometry parameters at different frequencies were evaluated within and between groups by repeated‐measures two‐way ANOVA and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction. Frequency dependence was compared between groups by t test. For significant parameters, a receiver operating characteristics curve was designed, cut‐off values were identified and their sensitivity and specificity were calculated. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results

No significant differences in Xrs and Rrs were observed between groups. The frequency dependence of whole‐breath and inspiratory Xrs significantly differed between healthy (respectively, −0.03 ± 0.02 and −0.05 ± 0.02 cmH2O/L/s) and MEA (−0.1 ± 0.03 and −0.2 ± 0.02 cmH2O/L/s) groups (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01). For inspiratory Xrs frequency dependence, a cut‐off value of −0.06 cmH2O/L/s was identified, with 86.4% (95% CI: 66.7%–95.3%) sensitivity and 66.7% (95% CI: 41.7%–84.8%) specificity.

Main limitations

Sample size, no BALf cytology in some healthy horses.

Conclusions

Oscillometry can represent a useful non‐invasive tool for the diagnosis of MEA. Specifically, the evaluation of the frequency dependence of Xrs may be of special interest.
Observed declines in body size have differential effects on survival and recruitment, but no effect on population growth in tropical birds
Authors: Wilcox Rebecca C. , Benson Thomas J. , Brawn Jeffrey D. , Tarwater Corey E.
Published: August 2024

Declines in body size can be an advantageous physiological response to warming temperatures, or a result of physiological and nutritional stress. Either way, studies often assume that these climate‐induced trait changes have important implications for fitness and demography. We leveraged almost three decades of capture‐mark‐recapture data of 51 bird species in Panama to examine if body size has changed through time, how sensitive body size is to changes in weather, and if body size impacts population demography. We evaluated two metrics of body size, structural size (wing length), and body condition (residual body mass). Over the study, wing length changed in varying directions for 88% of species (23 decrease, 22 increase), but the effects were weak, and change was only significant for two species. Conversely, body condition declined for 88% of species (45), effects were stronger, and that change was significant for 22% of species (11). This suggests that nutritional stress is likely the cause of changes in body size, not an adaptive response to warming. Precipitation metrics impacted body condition across three of our four feeding guilds, while wing length was only impacted by weather metrics for two guilds. This suggests that body condition is more sensitive to change in weather metrics compared to wing length. Lastly, we found that the impact of changes in body size on survival and recruitment was variable across species, but these relationships were in the opposite direction, ultimately resulting in no change in population growth for all but one species. Thus, while different stages (adult survival and recruitment) of populations may be impacted by body size, populations appear to be buffered from changes. The lack of an effect on population growth rate suggests that populations may be more resilient to changes in body size, with implications for population persistence under expected climate change.
Leveraging digital tools to foster resilience in the charity sector: The case of eBay's Charity Connect initiative
Authors: Richey Michelle , Brooks Jade Wendy , Ravishankar M. N.
Published: August 2024

Digital tools can help mitigate serious threats to social and economic activity created by external shocks and reduced government funding. This paper complements Information Technology for Development (IT4D) studies of resilience by focusing on how the introduction of new digital tools can sustain both economic and social activities, potentially leading to further adaptations. It investigates eBay's Charity Connect initiative, which supported the UK charity sector to continue selling donated items during the COVID‐19 lockdown. The findings present three pathways‐outcomes used to foster resilience through introducing new digital tools: interim resilience, bounded resilience and enhanced resilience. Using conservation of resources theory, the paper explains the difference between these outcomes and discusses how balancing stress and resource investment can help leverage digital tools and foster greater digital resilience.
Description and predictors of self‐determination in males and females with fragile X syndrome on the verge of adulthood
Authors: Friedman L. , Moser C. , Thurman A. J. , Taylor J. L. , Abbeduto L. , Klusek J.
Published: August 2024

Background

Self‐determination refers to setting goals and making decisions regarding one's own life with support from others as needed. Research on people with intellectual and developmental disabilities has established the importance of self‐determination for quality of life outcomes, such as increased independence and life satisfaction. However, self‐determination has not been characterised specifically in fragile X syndrome (FXS), the leading inherited cause of intellectual disability. Relative to youth with other forms of intellectual and developmental disabilities, youth with FXS may face exceptional barriers to the development of self‐determined behaviour. In addition to intellectual disability, the FXS behavioural profile is characterised by high rates of autism and anxiety that may further limit opportunities for youth with FXS. The heritable nature of the condition can also yield a distinctive family environment, with siblings and parents also living with fragile X or its associated conditions. Considering these unique challenges, the present study examined self‐determination in young adult males and females with FXS and explored whether factors such as language skills, adaptive behaviour and autism traits were associated with self‐determination capacity and opportunities.

Methods

The present study included 9 females and 36 males with FXS between the ages of 17 and 25 years. Caregivers (mothers or fathers) completed the American Institute for Research Self‐Determination Assessment, which is a questionnaire that yields three scores: self‐determination capacity, opportunities for self‐determination at home and opportunities for self‐determination at school.

Results

Caregivers endorsed a wide range of self‐determination capacity and opportunities, with ratings for opportunities at home and school exceeding ratings of capacity. Better adaptive behaviour skills were associated with more self‐determination capacity, and the presence of more autism traits was associated with fewer opportunities at school.

Conclusions

Results from this study contribute to our understanding of avenues to best support young adults with FXS as they transition to adulthood. Our findings also have implications for practice, such that interventions targeting adaptive behaviours and self‐determination may be an effective approach for promoting autonomy and independence for young adults with FXS. Additionally, caregivers and educators should continue to provide opportunities to practise self‐determination, regardless of their perception of capacity.
Development and optimization of a methimazole microemulsion for topical application: Formulation characteristics and transdermal permeation
Authors: Salimi Anayatollah , Hoseinzadeh Hadis , Mohammad Soleymani Saeed
Published: August 2024

Background

Methimazole, an oral antithyroid drug, has recently gained attention for its skin‐brightening effects when applied topically to treat melasma. This study aims to develop, optimize, and characterize a methimazole microemulsion as a novel, safe approach for local melasma treatment.

Materials and Methods

We prepared microemulsion formulations containing 3% methimazole by combining appropriate amounts of surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 20), propylene glycol cosurfactant, and an oil phase (oleic acid‐transcutol p at a 1:10 ratio). We then assessed droplet size, stability, viscosity, and skin permeation using rat skin models.

Results

The microemulsions' droplet sizes ranged from 7.06 to 28.13 nm, with viscosities between 120 and 254 centipoises. Our analysis identified droplet size, viscosity, and membrane release as significant independent variables. We determined the permeability parameters of the optimal formulation through rat skin, including steady‐state permeability rate (Jss), permeability coefficient (p), lag time (Tlag), and apparent diffusion coefficient (Dapp).

Conclusion

We found that the microemulsions' characteristics, physicochemical properties, and in vitro release depended on the surfactant‐to‐cosurfactant ratio, water content, and oil content. We developed an optimal formulation with a high surfactant‐to‐cosurfactant ratio and low water and oil percentages. This formulation shows potential for commercialization and manufacturing of final products.
The Many Ways of Experiencing Solitude: Personality Processes, in Context, as Predictors of Time Alone
Authors: Weinstein Netta , Adams Mark
Published: August 2024

This article integrates insights from the Journal of Personality's Registered Report‐only special issue, which explores the relationship between personality and experiences within solitude. Contrary to the traditional view that solitude primarily serves those who are introverted or seeking refuge from social interactions, findings in this issue demonstrate that solitude is actively sought by, and may hold benefits for, a broad spectrum of personality types. We discuss these findings and suggest there may be more complex interactions between personality and solitude than previously recognized. We highlight the importance of conceptual and methodological clarity in studying both personality and solitude. Studies also show that the benefits of solitude for well‐being depend on contextual factors including the function and purpose of solitude, and activities undertaken (or not) when alone. Preferences for, and enjoyment of, solitude are influenced by more than just personality traits; they are shaped by how personality interacts with specific situations and contexts. We provide practical recommendations for future research to refine methods in order to better understand the nuanced experiences of solitude. These approaches will help clarify the conditions under which solitude is most beneficial and offer deeper insights into how solitude can improve well‐being for different individuals.
Moving beyond bruxism episode index: Discarding misuse of the number of sleep bruxism episodes as masticatory muscle pain biomarker
Authors: Wieckiewicz Mieszko , Martynowicz Helena , Lavigne Gilles , Kato Takafumi , Lobbezoo Frank , Smardz Joanna , Ahlberg Jari , Winocur Efraim , Emodi‐Perlman Alona , Restrepo Claudia , Wojakowska Anna , Gac Pawel , Mazur Grzegorz , Waliszewska‐Prosol Marta , Swienc Witold , Manfredini Daniele
Published: August 2024

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the clinical utility of bruxism episode index in predicting the level of masticatory muscle pain intensity. The study involved adults (n = 220) recruited from the Outpatient Clinic of Temporomandibular Disorders at the Department of Experimental Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, during the period 2017–2022. Participants underwent medical interview and dental examination, focusing on signs and symptoms of sleep bruxism. The intensity of masticatory muscle pain was gauged using the Numeric Rating Scale. Patients identified with probable sleep bruxism underwent further evaluation through video‐polysomnography. Statistical analyses included the Shapiro–Wilk test, Spearman's rank correlation test, association rules, receiver operating characteristic curves, linear regression, multivariate regression and prediction accuracy analyses. The analysis of correlation and one‐factor linear regression revealed no statistically significant relationships between bruxism episode index and Numeric Rating Scale (p > 0.05 for all analyses). Examination of receiver operating characteristic curves and prediction accuracy indicated a lack of predictive utility for bruxism episode index in relation to masticatory muscle pain intensity. Multivariate regression analysis demonstrated no discernible relationship between bruxism episode index and Numeric Rating Scale across all examined masticatory muscles. In conclusion, bruxism episode index and masticatory muscle pain intensity exhibit no correlation, and bruxism episode index lacks predictive value for masticatory muscle pain. Clinicians are advised to refrain from employing the frequency of masticatory muscle activity as a method for assessing the association between masticatory muscle pain and sleep bruxism.
(Hi)stories in Pictures: Use of Folk and Tribal Art Forms in Two Pictorial Biographies From India
Authors: Dutta Rishav
Published: August 2024

Pictures have always been one of the fundamental tools for storytelling that serve as a spigot for folk narratives and performances. Although in India, folk art styles feature stories from the traditional repertoire, increasing focus on use of folk and tribal art in graphic novels and innovation in esthetic strategies problematize the perceived fixity and primitivity associated with “folk.” To accommodate different stories and audiences, Patachitra (folk) and Pardhan‐Gond (tribal) art forms undergo stylistic changes in storytelling. The paper explores the organic and reflexive nature of these two narrative art forms, focusing particularly on two contemporary manifestations: I See the Promised Land (2013) and Bhimayana (2011).
Clinico‐mycological validation of dermatophytosis severity score and its correlation with patient‐reported outcome measures
Authors: Bhat Ramesh M. , Madhumita Monisha , Jayaraman Jyothi , Antony Beena , Santosh Gayathri , Benny Jiby V. , Ancy Anjali
Published: August 2024

Background

Dermatophytosis impacts a significant portion of the global population. Recent shifts in the disease's presentation, severity and response to treatment, primarily due to emerging drug resistance, underscore the need for reliable assessment tools. The Dermatophytosis Severity Score (DSS) aims to standardise the evaluation of the disease's severity and monitor therapeutic responses.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional pilot study, 25 adults with clinically diagnosed dermatophytosis were evaluated using the DSS. The study also aimed to establish the correlation of DSS with different stages of treatment, dermatophyte species and patient‐reported outcomes. Participants were recruited from a dermatology outpatient clinic, and the DSS was applied at baseline, Weeks 4 and 8. The validity and reliability of the DSS were assessed using statistical measures, including Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results

The study comprised of a near‐equal distribution of male (52%) and female (48%) patients, primarily within the age group of 20–39 years. A high recurrence rate of dermatophytosis (60%) was noted, and more than half of the patients (56%) had used topical steroids before presentation. The mean DSS significantly decreased from baseline to the final visit, mirroring the substantial reduction in the 5D itch scale and Dermatology Life Quality Index, with strong positive correlations observed between these measures.

Conclusion

The DSS demonstrated high inter‐rater reliability and internal consistency, indicating its utility as a reliable clinical tool for assessing dermatophytosis severity. The strong correlation of DSS with itch intensity and quality of life validates its role in patient‐centered care. Continued use and further validation of the DSS are recommended to enhance dermatophytosis management and treatment outcomes.
Occupational Health Nursing models and theories: A critical analysis in the scope of the unitary‐transformative perspective
Authors: Bernardes Rafael A. , Caldeira Sílvia , Stolt Minna , Parola Vítor , Neves Hugo , Cruz Arménio
Published: August 2024

Occupational Health Nursing (OHN) has followed a complex path to build and strengthen its theoretical basis. Starting with Public Health core principles, theories were shaped by the dualism of person worker and working environment, where sometimes the centre of the thought was given to the latter and other times to the former. The problem was not much on such conflict but on the definition of the correct OHN focus and whether genuine nursing knowledge was being applied. We are worried that other disciplines radically influenced the theoretical path taken by OHN theorists. To approach this problem, a unitary‐transformative perspective can help us describe and analyse this phenomenon and engage scholars to reflect upon the accurate epistemological focus of OHN. We aimed to deepen this reflection and uncover a new OHN theoretical focus.
Brute ignorance
Authors: Carter Sam
Published: August 2024

We know a lot about what the world is like. We know less, it seems, about what we know about what the world is like. According to a common thought, it is easier for us to come to know about the state of the world than to come to know about the state of our own knowledge. What explains this gap? An attractively simple hypothesis is that our ignorance about what we know is explained by our ignorance about the world. There are things we fail to know about what we know about the world because there are things we fail to know about the world. This hypothesis is often motivated by the idea that knowledge requires a margin‐for‐error. In this paper, I'll argue that this simple hypothesis is inadequate. Not all our ignorance of our knowledge can be explained by our ignorance about the world. In this sense, at least some of our ignorance about what we know is brute.
Nurses' values when caring for persons suffering from substance use disorder: A hermeneutical study
Authors: Thorkildsen Kari Marie , Rykkje Linda , Kaldestad Kari
Published: August 2024

Background

Persons suffering from a substance use disorder (SUD) in need of help from low‐threshold centres have complex and severe conditions together with uncontrolled use of mainly illicit substances. Their sufferings are all‐encompassing and demand ethically aware nurses with competence to take care of somatic, existential and spiritual needs.

Aim

To explore and describe a new understanding of the ethical and ontological values upon which nurses base their work when caring for persons suffering from SUD.

Methodology

The study had a hermeneutical approach. A focus‐group interview was conducted with five nurses working at a low‐threshold centre in Norway. Data analysis was carried out through a hermeneutical reading based on Gadamer's hermeneutics.

Ethical Considerations

The study was approved by the Norwegian Agency for Shared Services in Education and Research (SIKT). Oral and written consent was obtained from the participants.

Results

The hermeneutical reading revealed three dimensions; A wish to be useful; Nurses' motive for caring for persons suffering from SUD is a wish to be useful and needed. Nurses are fighting a battle against injustice and stigmatisation. Neighbourly love, the core value; Neighbourly love serves as the basis for the nurses` work. Nurses feel humble towards their clients, they feel privileged to have the opportunity to help others through compassionate care. The value of being clients` advocate; Nurses are trying to ensure that clients receive the help they need. A large part of nurses` job is to monitor and take care of the clients` condition. This involves working close to death, trying to save lives.

Conclusion

Nurses wish to care in accordance with their ethos of usefulness. Sacrifice stands out as the ultimate form of neighbourly love, empowering nurses with moral authority to act as advocates for their clients.
Geographies of slavery in the Les Malouines/Las Malvinas/Falklands Islands: The Maroon connection
Authors: Zavala Guillen Ana Laura
Published: August 2024

This paper analyses slavery in the Les Malouines/Las Malvinas/Falklands Islands to advance the historical study of the geographies of race in Argentina with reference to marronage and critical place naming. These islands are an example of an assemblage of colonial military extractive powers. There still are disputes with Argentina since the armed conflict of 1982. However, Las Malvinas were a part of the Spanish Empire since the French colonial authorities sold this territory in 1766. Despite being seen as at the margins of this Empire, an infertile terrain with unbearable weather, and a place of punishment for those who defied colonial rule, it was of strategic value, expensive but worth maintaining to keep the British Empire removed from Buenos Aires and Montevideo. To reduce the islands' expenses, the plan was to relocate recaptured fugitives to this territory as a labour force. Archival records collected from the National General Archive of Uruguay, General Archive of the Indies, and National Historical Archive of Madrid show that Las Malvinas were not exempt from slavery. In 1770, Antonio and Miguel, ‘royal slaves’, were part of the islands' population among white Europeans and indigenous people held captive there. They were allowed to leave the islands to live and serve the King and they navigated through the ports of Montevideo and Buenos Aires, where their tracks end. This paper demonstrates how this insular space, meant for penance, was also a place where resistance linked with marronage broke an assemblage of colonial military powers. It also highlights that the historical geographies of slavery in Argentina are intrinsically assembled with the dispossession of indigenous and other disadvantaged groups proposing an Afro‐Marrón approach to their analysis with a potential extension to other racialised Latin American geographies.
Design and Simulation of Graphene-Based Biosensor for SARS-CoV-2 Variants Detection
Authors: Syed Ahmad Faris Sharifah Jamaliiah , Mualif Siti Aisyah , Jusoh Norhana , Sahalan Mariaulpa , Maaruf Nurul Atiqah , R. Subramaniam Tasshitra , Suaidi Noor Asyikin , Abdul Aziz Muhammad Yusran
Published: August 2024

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), emerged in Wuhan City, China, and disseminated globally. The fatality rate increased until vaccines were used to control the infectious and morbidity rate worldwide. Key lessons learned from this 3-year pandemic emphasize the imperative to continually enhance diagnostic technologies for the specific detection of emerging viral infections. The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the emergence of multiple variants resulting from mutations in SARS-CoV-2, notably the recent and highly transmissible, Omicron variant, posing challenges in detecting asymptomatic cases. National pandemic prevention and control would be significantly hampered without early precautions. Therefore, this study proposed to design and simulate the graphene field effect transistor for the SARS-CoV-2 variants detection biosensor. Using COMSOL Multiphysics 5.6 software, the model incorporates two sets of Graphene Field Effect Transistors, each coated with different antibodies, anti-Delta and anti-Omicron antibodies. Upon the exposure of Omicron variant to the sensing area, the Graphene Field Effect Transistor containing anti-Omicron antibodies (Ab2E8a) will undergo color contour changes that indicates interaction on the graphene layer which is the binding of Omicron antigen with anti-Omicron antibodies. This simulation demonstrated the capability of the Graphene Field Effect Transistor biosensor to detect multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. Hence, this biosensor offers a promising tool for COVID-19 control through rapid and precise early-stage diagnosis of COVID-19.
Sensor-based Approach for Objective Balance Skill Assessment: A Review
Authors: Hanim Nuria , Su Eileen L.M. , Khor Yvonne Y.W. , Yeong Che Fai , Khor Kang Xiang , Abdullah Muhammad Najib , Labib Aamir Hamza , Holderbaum William
Published: August 2024

This paper provides a review of sensor-based platforms utilized in the assessment of balance skills, offering insights into various types of sensors, outcome measures and efforts in clinical evaluations. Balance skill assessment is crucial in understanding and managing various neuromuscular disorders, injuries, and age-related declines in motor function.  The review categorizes sensor-based platforms into a few main types such as wearable sensors, force plates, and accelerometers. The paper addresses the benefits and drawbacks of each type of sensor as well as the corresponding outcome measures for each sensor. Outcome measurements include sway velocity, center of pressure excursions, and temporal-spatial movement features. Sensor-based platforms have been shown in clinical tests to have the potential to detect small changes in balance that may not be detected using conventional assessment methods.  The review provides evidence for the effectiveness of sensor-based assessments in a range of clinical populations, such as older people who are at risk of falls, those with musculoskeletal injuries, and neurological illnesses. Moreover, a comparison with traditional ways of evaluating balance clarifies the benefits of sensor-based platforms, such as higher sensitivity, objectivity, and the capacity to record dynamic aspects of balance. This paper offers practitioners, physicians and researchers some useful insights for evaluating and rehabilitating patients with balance-related impairments. Sensor-based measures for more individualized training feedbacks, promoting optimal outcomes in balance training and rehabilitation, are also presented.
DELIGNIFICATION OF OIL PALM EMPTY FRUIT BUNCHES USING DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENT IN PRESSURIZED REACTOR
Authors: Arfat Md , Ab Rahim Mohd Hasbi , Roslan Rasidi , Mustafa Abu Hasnat
Published: August 2024

Although lignin from oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) is a sustainable bioresource with several value-added uses, it is still difficult to extract lignin from lignocellulosic biomass economically. Lignin fractions are required for high-value applications and subsequently increase the feasibility of lignocellulosic biorefineries. Besides, the remaining cellulose could be further valorized into various chemical products. In this study, the delignification efficiency of OPEFB under inert and pressurized conditions has been studied as an effective pretreatment method for OPEFB. The optimal conditions of the high-pressure reactor to remove lignin from OPEFB were determined to be 80 °C at 30 bars with the presence of deep eutectic solvents (DES). It was identified that pressure affects the removal of lignin with the least amount of structural breakdown and the digestibility of cellulose. The effective removal of lignin from the OPEFB was established under mild conditions employing an inert nitrogen gas pressurized system. This work selectively removes lignin from the OPEFB of palm oil biomass plants using DES under mild extraction conditions. Solid residues were characterized by using FTIR, SEM, TGA, and XRD to investigate fractions under various reaction conditions, such as removal temperature, time, and pressure. The thermal stability of lignin was determined by TGA. In this study, 36.68% of lignin was removed under optimum pressure conditions at the lowest process temperature of 80 °C to determine how these factors influence the efficiency of lignin extraction in a high-pressure reactor.
THERMAL APPLICATION USING PYRAMID SOLAR STILL TO ENHANCE THE PRODUCING OF CLEAN WATER
Authors: Md. Yusop Azdiana , Alzari Arif , Zakaria Muhammad Hafizzullah , Mohd Jahari@Johari Ahmad Nizam , Sulaiman Noor Asyikin , Khamil Khairun Nisa , Mohammed Ramizi , Mohd Sultan Juwita
Published: August 2024

Solar stills have become a viable and environmentally responsible method of water purification in the context of tackling the urgent worldwide issue of water scarcity. Solar stills are a practical solution for areas with poor access to clean drinking water since they use the sun's limitless energy to filter contaminants from water. Standard solar still models have been used for this purpose, however their effectiveness and output quality frequently fell short of expectations. Consequently, there is a compelling need to investigate novel designs and technologies in order to improve the functionality of solar stills and the quality of the filtered water. This study examines solar stills as a means of removing contaminants from water within the context of water purification utilizing solar energy. The study specifically highlights a pyramid solar still's inventive design and evaluation because it deviates from regularly used standard models. This pyramid solar still has been designed in a special way, and a thermoelectric system has also been added to improve performance. Furthermore, real-time monitoring of critical water parameters is made possible by the integration of sensors like the DHT11. A pH sensor, a water level sensor, and an Arduino Uno microcontroller are used to provide this real-time monitoring, which provides ongoing information on the purifying process. A heating plate has been added to the pyramid solar still to improve the evaporation process and increase efficiency.
OPTIMIZATION OF NEWLY FABRICATED LACCASE BIOSENSOR BASED ON SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBE FOR TYRAMINE DETECTION
Authors: Masód Nurul Hana , Azhari Syaza , Othman Salis Sajidah
Published: August 2024

Tyramine (TYR), also identified as 4-(2-aminoethyl) phenol, is an organic compound. Its elevated presence indicates prolonged food storage, leading to spoilage and potentially impacting human well-being. To address this concern, a biosensor was designed on a single-walled carbon nanotube carboxyl-functionalized screen-printed carbon electrode (COOH-SWCNT-SPCE). Laccase (LAC)-based electrochemical biosensors were effectively created using a simple and innovative technique involving enzyme LAC being drop cast. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) were utilized to assess the properties and electrochemical behavior of the modified SPCEs. Under optimal experimental conditions, the LAC/COOH-SWCNT-SPCE biosensor exhibited favorable performance at scan rates of 50 mV s-1 (within the range of 10 to 500 mV s-1), pH 8.0 (ranging from 7.0 to 10.0), 4 µL enzyme LAC (varying from 2 to 10 µL), and 1.0 mg mL-1 SWCNTs (ranging from 0.2 to 3.0 mg mL-1). Deposition potential and time were set at 0.5 V. The modified SPCEs demonstrated effective usage for TYR measurement, achieving a Correlation Coefficient (R2) of 0.981 and a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 0.070 mM.
EFFECT OF TIME ELAPSED BETWEEN SUCCESSIVE CONCRETE POURINGS AND LOCATION OF THE COLD JOINTS ON THE FLEXURAL CAPACITY OF RC BEAMS
Authors: Aziz Mahdi Maysaa , Abd Sultan Ali
Published: August 2024

This research investigates the effect of the time interval between successive concrete pouring and the position of cold joints on properties and bending strength capacity in reinforced beams. Two horizontal cold joints were examined: another positioned in the zone of compressions (h=110 mm) and one situated in the beam's tension area ( h = 50mm). In both cold joint elevations, the time interval between two mert patches was varied as 1.5 hrs.,3 hr and 4 hrs. Furthermore, six nominally standardized RC beams were tested and analyzed with a reference beam devoid of cold joints. The obtained outcomes revealed the decrease of beams' ultimate flexural capacity with an increase in time elapsed between periods of pouring from 1.5 to 4.5 hours. The reduction in flexural strength was more evident when a cold joint went through the compression fibre of a beam. Additionally, the hardness and rigidity of the tested beams roughly inversely correlated with time intervals between consecutive pourings. More specifically, the percentage reduction in ultimate load, stiffness and toughness of cold joints for tension fibres at 1.5 hours was (4.36% ,9.7% and 9.3%) while that of compression fibre was (5.36%),(34.2%)and ( 34.5%  ) % respectively when compared with control beam.
ALAT PENYINARAN GERMISID ULTRAUNGU (UVGI) JENIS C BERJAYA MEMBASMI PERTUMBUHAN DAN MENGHALANG PENYEBARAN PATOGEN MELALUI FOMIT
Authors: Mohamad Zin Noraziah , Hashim Mohd Amir Syaraffuddin , Mat Isa Naurah , Hamzah Mohd Yusof , Abu Bakar Nur Faizah , Sukri Asif
Published: August 2024

The emergence of hospital-acquired or nosocomial infection caused by ESKAPE pathogens (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter sp.) that are resistant to antibiotics poses public healthcare concern. Transmission of the pathogens to patients and healthcare workers can occur through various types of fomites. Pathogens can be eradicated by using UV radiation type C (UVC). In this work, several fomite samples (cloth, paper, skin, and plastic) have been contaminated with pathogens. They were then irradiated with UVC using LembayUVng®. The effectiveness was quantitatively evaluated by comparing the bacterial growth on the formite samples before and after irradiation. The results show that UVC radiation has 90-100% average efficiency in pathogen eradication against several different strains. This study provides valuable information on selection of effective method for infection control.