bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metastatic spread from squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx to the totally implantable venous access port insertion site: Case report and review of literature
Authors: Mangla Ankit , Agarwal Nikki , Mullane Michael Russell
Published: October 2017

Background

The totally implantable venous access port plays a crucial role in delivering chemotherapy in the outpatient setting. Here, we report the first case of a patient with hypopharyngeal tumor who developed chest wall metastasis over the totally implantable venous access port inserted in the internal jugular vein.

Methods

Our patient, a 58‐year‐old man with a hypopharyngeal tumor presented with a lump over the totally implantable venous access port site. The port was removed and the lump was biopsied. The CT studies showed that the tumor had spread along the catheter from the hypopharynx to the chest wall.

Results

The pathology from the biopsy showed squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The patient had poor performance status and opted for hospice care.

Conclusion

We present a novel case of metastasis over the totally implantable venous access port implanted in a patient with a hypopharyngeal tumor. We also reviewed relevant literature comparing the data from percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube site metastasis with our patient and other similar case reports.
Genetic diversity and worldwide distribution of the deltavirus genus: A study of 2,152 clinical strains
Authors: Le Gal Frédéric , Brichler Ségolène , Drugan Tudor , Alloui Chakib , Roulot Dominique , Pawlotsky Jean‐Michel , Dény Paul , Gordien Emmanuel
Published: October 2017

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is responsible for the most severe form of acute and chronic viral hepatitis. We previously proposed that the Deltavirus genus is composed of eight major clades. However, few sequences were available to confirm this classification. Moreover, little is known about the structural and functional consequences of HDV variability. One practical consequence is the failure of most quantification assays to properly detect or quantify plasmatic HDV RNA. Between 2001 and 2014, 2,152 HDV strains were prospectively collected and genotyped in our reference laboratory by means of nucleotide sequencing and extensive phylogenetic analyses of a 400‐nucleotide region of the genome (R0) from nucleotides 889 to 1289 encompassing the 3′ end of the delta protein–coding gene. In addition, the full‐length genome sequence was generated for 116 strains selected from the different clusters, allowing for in‐depth characterization of the HDV genotypes and subgenotypes. This study confirms that the HDV genus is composed of eight genotypes (HDV‐1 to HDV‐8) defined by an intergenotype similarity >85% or >80%, according to the partial or full‐length genome sequence, respectively. Furthermore, genotypes can be segregated into two to four subgenotypes, characterized by an intersubgenotype similarity >90% (>84% for HDV‐1) over the whole genome sequence. Systematic analysis of genome and protein sequences revealed highly conserved functional nucleotide and amino acid motifs and positions across all (sub)genotypes, indicating strong conservatory constraints on the structure and function of the genome and the protein. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the genetic diversity of HDV and a clear view of its geographical localization and allows speculation as to the worldwide spread of the virus, very likely from an initial African origin. (Hepatology 2017;66:1826–1841)
Case–control study of shock index among women who did and did not receive blood transfusions due to postpartum hemorrhage
Authors: Borovac‐Pinheiro Anderson , Pacagnella Rodolfo C. , Puzzi‐Fernandes Carolina , Cecatti José G.
Published: October 2017

Objective

To compare shock index (SI) values between women who required blood transfusion due to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and women who did not.

Methods

In a case–control study, clinical data were assessed from the medical records of women requiring blood transfusion for PPH at a center in Brazil between 2012 and 2015 (n=105). A control group was randomly selected from women who did not receive blood transfusion (n=129).

Results

Compared with women who did not receive a transfusion after delivery, women who did receive one had significantly higher SI values 10 minutes after delivery (0.81 ± 0.27 vs 0.72 ± 0.16; P=0.012), at 30 minutes (0.83 ± 0.26 vs 0.71 ± 0.15; P<0.001), and at 2 hours (0.84 ± 0.27 vs 0.70 ± 0.14; P=0.032). For vaginal deliveries, SI values were significantly different at 30 minutes (0.88 ± 0.26 vs 0.71 ± 0.14; P<0.001) and 2 hours (0.90 ± 0.23 vs 0.72 ± 0.14; P=0.001). No significant differences were found for cesarean delivery.

Conclusion

The SI might be useful to identify early vital sign changes due to PPH. Increased SI values were associated with need for transfusion in vaginal deliveries.
Anin vitroandin vivocharacterization of fineWE43Bmagnesium wire with varied thermomechanical processing conditions
Authors: Griebel Adam J. , Schaffer Jeremy E. , Hopkins Tracy M. , Alghalayini Alaa , Mkorombindo Tinomudaishe , Ojo Kolade O. , Xu Zhigang , Little Kevin J. , Pixley Sarah K.
Published: October 2017

Absorbable implants made of magnesium alloys may revolutionize surgical intervention, and fine magnesium wire will be critical to many applications. Functionally, the wires must have sufficient mechanical properties to withstand implantation and in‐service loading, have excellent tissue tolerance, and exhibit an appropriate degradation rate for the application. Alloy chemistry and thermomechanical processing conditions will significantly impact the material's functional performance, but the exact translation of these parameters to implant performance is unclear. With this in mind, fine (127 µm) WE43B magnesium alloy wires in five thermomechanical process (TMP) conditions (90% cold work [CW], and 250, 375, 400, and 450°C heat treatments) were investigated for their effect on mechanical and corrosion behavior. The TMP conditions gave clear metallurgical differences: transverse grain dimensions ranged from 200 nm (CW) to 3 µm (450°C), UTS varied from 324 MPa (450°C) to 608 MPa (250°C), and surgical knotting showed some were suitable (CW, 400°C, 450°C) while others were not (250°C, 350°C).In vitroandin vivocorrosion testing yielded interesting and in some cases conflicting results. After 1 month immersion in cell culture medium, wire corrosion was extensive, and TMP conditions altered the macrocorrosion morphology but not the rate or total release of magnesium ions. After 1 month subdermal implantation in mice, all wires were well tolerated and showed very little corrosion (per µCT and histology), but differences in localized corrosion were detected between conditions. This study indicates that WE43B wires treated at 450°C may be most suitable for surgical knotting procedures. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1987–1997, 2018.
Novel Pulsed Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Techniques for the Studies of Structure and Dynamics of Photo‐excited Triplet State of Organic Molecules: A Professional Journey
Authors: Lin Tien‐Sung
Published: October 2017

We present a few novel pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance techniques developed in our laboratory for the studies of structure and dynamics of the photo‐excited triplet state of organic molecules. We discuss many aspects of these new techniques and the significances of these measurements: (1) enhancing NMR signal intensity by dynamic nuclear polarization ‐ integrated solid effect, (2) performing magnetic resonance in zero‐field and low‐field by pulsed microwave, (3) mapping molecular motion of organic crystals by pulsed zero‐field and low‐field experiments, (4) probing spin dynamics at level anti‐crossing by fast field switching, (5) measuring hyperfine interaction by electron spin echo envelop modulation and spin‐echo electron nuclear double resonance and (6) detecting spin dynamics, nuclear quantum oscillation, entanglements and new avenues for quantum computer. We have employed the highly electron spin polarized pentacene triplet state as the model system in all of our pulsed EPR experiments. We performed most of our experiments at room temperature. The goals of our studies are aiming to improve spin detectability, to probe molecular dynamics, to determine electronic structures, to measure molecular interaction and motion, and to examine quantum coherence and oscillation which may yield new avenues in the applications of pulsed EPR techniques to quantum computer.
Solution‐processed Small Molecular Materials: Bulk Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaic Materials, Host Materials for Phosphorescence Organic Light‐emitting Diodes, and Nondopant Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Materials
Authors: Wu Jhao‐Lin , Lee Yi‐Ting , Chen Chin‐Ti , Chen Chao‐Tsen
Published: October 2017

This review article surveys the recent development of small molecular materials, which are fabricated as thin films by solution process for use in optoelectronic devices. Materials with light‐harvesting or electron‐transporting property used in organic photovoltaics (OPVs) are the topic of the first part of this review. The second part focuses on the materials used in organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). There are two types of OLED materials included here: host materials for phosphorescence dopant and the recently emerging thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials. For the TADF materials, here we focus on those that do not require the host material (and hence they are nondopant emitters) in OLEDs, and their thin film can be fabricated by the solution process. In many cases, we provide insights into the material design based on the structure–property study reported in the literature.
Improved photocatalytic hydrogen production from methanol/water solution using CuO supported on fluorinated TiO2
Authors: Castañeda Claudia , Tzompantzi Francisco , Rodríguez‐Rodríguez Arturo , Sánchez‐Dominguez Margarita , Gómez Ricardo
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Photocatalytic water splitting is an attractive alternative for hydrogen generation because it is considered a clean and environment‐friendly process. TiO2 semiconductor has been widely used in photocatalysis, however, its efficiency is limited due to the high recombination of the charge carriers. Many methods have been proposed to enhance TiO2 photoactivity, including modification with nonmetal ions and coupling with other semiconductor oxides. In this present work a series of CuO/TF photocatalysts with different CuO content were synthesized by impregnation of fluorinated TiO2 (TF) powder. These materials were characterized by several techniques and were studied in the hydrogen production reaction from a methanol/water solution under UV irradiation.

RESULTS

The impregnation of the TF powder with Cu(NO3)2•H2O leads to the generation of crystalline and mesoporous materials and the existence of copper in the form of CuO. HRTEM results indicated the formation of heterojunctions between TiO2 and CuO phases. CuO(1.0)/TF photocatalyst was four times more active than TiO2 and fluorinated TiO2 support.

CONCLUSIONS

The coexistence of fluoride and CuO species on TiO2 improves the photocatalytic properties of the semiconductor and the reduction of the H+ ions to H2 is considerably better than that achieved with TiO2, TF and CuO/TiO2 materials. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Sonographic evaluation of the endochondral ossification process of the thyroid cartilage in children
Authors: Yildiz Adalet Elcin , Sahap Seda Kaynak , Elhan Atilla Halil , Fitoz Suat
Published: October 2017

Purpose

To determine the sonographic appearances of the endochondral ossification process of the thyroid cartilage in children.

Methods

Thyroid cartilage sonography (US) of 420 children was performed with a high‐resolution linear‐array transducer. Right and left laminae of the thyroid cartilage, including the inferior horns, were examined. Ossification foci were evaluated for their presence, location, shape, size, echo pattern, and number.

Results

Four hundred nineteen children, 239 girls and 180 boys, were enrolled in the study with a mean age of 109.8 ± 60.7 months. Ossification foci were found in 167 children (39.9%). First ossification focus detection age was 72 months in girls and 79 months in boys. On both laminae, the most frequent appearance of the ossification focus was hypoechoic (right: 94.8%, left: 93.5%). Prevalence and number of ossification foci increased with age in each sex. The shape of the ossification foci in both laminae was generally nonexpansile (right: 92.9%, left: 93.5%).

Conclusion

Endochondral ossification process of the thyroid cartilage begins in the first decade with extracellular matrix changes, which can be detected as hypoechoic foci by US. These foci can be expansile, and radiologists should be aware of this entity to avoid misdiagnosing them as abnormal masses.
Well‐differentiated papillary mesothelioma of tunica vaginalis testis of unknown malignant potential: Sonographic appearance
Authors: Ko K.W.S. , Tse K.S. , Shek K.W. , Hau M.N. , Ting S.H.
Published: October 2017

Paratesticular mesothelioma is a rare differential diagnosis in the presence of scrotal hydrocele. A 17‐year‐old boy presented with a 3‐year history of progressive hydrocele. Sonography revealed a large left paratesticular mass within the hydrocele. Serum tumor markers were negative. Left hydrocelectomy was performed and pathological analysis of the epididymal mass revealed a well‐differentiated papillary mesothelioma. We discuss the sonographic and pathological findings of this rare neoplasm.
Comprehensive data of 3,820 patients newly diagnosed with colorectal liver metastasis between 2005 and 2007: report of a nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Sakamoto Katsunori , Honda Goro , Beppu Toru , Kotake Kenjiro , Yamamoto Masakazu , Takahashi Keiichi , Endo Itaru , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Itabashi Michio , Hashiguchi Yojiro , Kotera Yoshihito , Kobayashi Shin , Yamaguchi Tatsuro , Morita Satoshi , Miyazaki Masaru , Sugihara Kenichi ,   the Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on Colorectal Liver Metastasis
Published: October 2017

To collect big data for further research to improve treatment outcomes in patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM), the Joint Committee for Nationwide Survey on CRLM was established by the Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum and the Japanese Society of Hepato‐Biliary‐Pancreatic Surgery. The joint committee initiated data collection since 2014. The data of 4,237 patients newly diagnosed with CRLM between 2005 and 2007 were registered from 134 departments of 127 institutions (64%) among 209 departments (from 201 institutions) that agreed to participate in this study. Finally, 3,820 patients were enrolled in this report after a quality management process by the joint committee. We report the comprehensive data obtained from 3,820 patients, clinicopathological findings, treatment strategies, prognoses, and implementation status of chemotherapy. The joint committee is prospectively collecting data of patients newly diagnosed with CRLM after 2013 and will provide these raw data, including data of patients diagnosed between 2005 and 2007, to researchers who will conduct meaningful studies that meet the aim of the joint committee.
Differential brainstem atrophy patterns in multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
Authors: Lee Chi‐Yan , Mak Henry Ka‐Fung , Chiu Pui‐Wai , Chang Hing‐Chiu , Barkhof Frederik , Chan Koon‐Ho
Published: October 2017

Background

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory demyelinating disorders. It is clinically important to distinguish MS from NMOSD, as treatment and prognosis differ. Brainstem involvement is common in both disorders.

Purpose

To investigate whether the patterns of brainstem atrophy on volumetric analysis in MS and NMOSD were different and correlated with clinical disability.

Study Type

Case–control cross‐sectional study.

Subjects

In all, 17 MS, 13 NMOSD, and 18 healthy control (HC) subjects were studied.

Field Strength/Sequence

T1‐weighted and T2w spin‐echo images were acquired with a 3T scanner.

Assessment

Semiautomated segmentation and volumetric measurement of brainstem regions were performed. Anatomical information was obtained from whole brain T1w images using a 3D magnetization‐prepared rapid gradient‐echo (MPRAGE) imaging sequence (TR/TE/T: 7.0/3.2/800 msec, voxel size: 1 × 1 × 1 mm3, scan time: 10 min 41 sec).

Statistical Tests

Independent samples t‐test, Mann–Whitney U‐test, partial correlation, and multiple regression analysis.

Results

Baseline characteristics were similar across the three groups, without significant difference in disease duration (P = 0.354) and EDSS score (P = 0.159) between MS and NMOSD subjects. Compared to HC, MS subjects had significantly smaller normalized whole brainstem (−5.2%, P = 0.027), midbrain (−8.3%, P = 0.0001), and pons volumes (−5.9%, P = 0.048), while only the normalized medulla volume was significantly smaller in NMOSD subjects compared to HC (−8.5% vs. HC, P = 0.024). Normalized midbrain volume was significantly smaller in MS compared to NMOSD subjects (−5.0%, P = 0.014), whereas normalized medulla volume was significantly smaller in NMOSD compared to MS subjects (−8.1%, P = 0.032). Partial correlations and multiple regression analysis revealed that smaller normalized whole brainstem, pons, and medulla oblongata volumes were associated with greater disability on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), Functional System Score (FSS)‐brainstem and FSS‐cerebellar in NMOSD subjects.

Data Conclusion

Differential patterns of brainstem atrophy were observed, with the midbrain being most severely affected followed by pons in MS, whereas only the medulla oblongata was affected in NMOSD.

Level of Evidence: 2

Technical Efficacy: Stage 3

J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1601–1609.
Production of probiotic bovine salami using Lactobacillus plantarum 299v as adjunct
Authors: Blaiotta Giuseppe , Murru Nicoletta , Di Cerbo Alessandro , Romano Raffaele , Aponte Maria
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Five probiotic lactobacilli were tested, alone or in combination with two commercial starters, to select the most suitable strain for a probiotic bovine salami production. Lactobacillus plantarum 299v was used with both starters, to make salami according to a traditional recipe. Salami obtained by using just the starters and by spontaneous fermentation, served as control. Microbial dynamics, as well as the main physico‐chemical parameters, were monitored throughout ripening. The survival of probiotic 299v was confirmed by strains' tracking by means of RAPD‐PCR coupled to a culture‐independent approach PCR‐DGGE‐based.

RESULTS

The results showed a remarkable viability of the probiotic strain even after 60 days of storage. Experimental salami exhibited the same level of sensory acceptance of control salami, were hygienically safe, and characterised by pH, weight loss and microbiological loads within the ranges conventionally advocated for optimal fermented sausages.

CONCLUSION

Outcomes indicate the workable possibility of using second‐quality beef cuts for probiotic salami production. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Analysis of volatiles in brown rice, germinated brown rice, and selenised germinated brown rice during storage at different vacuum levels
Authors: Liu Kunlun , Zhao Shuang , Li Yang , Chen Fusheng
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

The quality of nutritionally enhanced foods can be determined by evaluating changes in the volatile compounds produced in these foods over time. In this work, selenium‐enriched germinated brown rice (Se‐GBR), germinated brown rice (GBR), and brown rice (BR) stored under 90% relative humidity, 38 °C, and various vacuum levels were investigated. The relative abundance and differences of volatile compounds in Se‐GBR, GBR, and BR over various storage periods were detected. The correlation of volatile compound abundance with vacuum level and storage time was analysed using principal component analysis (PCA).

RESULTS

Volatile compounds in the three samples were quantified at various storage periods (0, 90 and 150 days). Approximately 100 volatile compounds and eight species were identified and classified. Various proportions or types of volatile compounds were found in each sample at different sampling times. PCA results showed an isolation of volatile compounds in terms of sampling day and vacuum level at each storage period.

CONCLUSION

Changes in volatile compounds over time and vacuum levels can provide bases for assessing of the nutritional quality of Se‐GBR, GBR, and BR. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of thyme oil–alginate‐based coating on quality and microbial safety of fresh‐cut apples
Authors: Sarengaowa  , Hu Wenzhong , Jiang Aili , Xiu Zhilong , Feng Ke
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Food preservation is critical for keeping fresh‐cut products fresh, nutritious, safe, attractive and available for consumers. To improve the safety and quality of fresh‐cut fruits, 15 essential oils (EOs) were screened to test the antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes (LM), Salmonella typhimurium (ST), Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EC O157:H7). The effect of alginate‐based edible coating (EC) incorporating different concentrations thyme oil on fresh‐cut ‘Red Fuji’ apples was investigated.

RESULTS

Results showed that thyme oil, cinnamon oil and oregano oil were more effective in inhibiting the microbes than other EOs. The result showed that the combined usage of 0.5 µL mL−1 thyme oil incorporated with alginate‐based EC could significantly inhibit the microbial growth, respiration, weight loss, firmness and browning of fresh‐cut ‘Red Fuji’ apples.

CONCLUSION

The edible coating and natural additives like thyme oil could be used to preserve the quality of fresh‐cut fruits. It revealed that EC incorporated with 0.5 µL mL−1 thyme oil can be a safe preservative for fresh‐cut apples. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Measuring consumers' interest in instant fortified pearl millet products: a field experiment in Touba, Senegal
Authors: De Groote Hugo , Kariuki Sarah W , Traore Djibril , Taylor John RN , Ferruzzi Mario G , Hamaker Bruce R
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

In Africa, food‐processing industries are emerging fast, especially for cereals. New low‐cost extrusion cookers give small enterprises an opportunity to enter the market for processed cereal products, in particular instant, fortified and flavoured mixes. Before engaging in the marketing of these products, consumers' interest needs to be assessed. This study used a combination of affective tests and experimental auctions with 200 consumers in Touba, Senegal, to evaluate four new products with conventional pearl millet flour as the control: instant pearl millet flour, instant pearl millet flour with added dry mango and carrot powder (naturally fortified), and the previous products with added conventional chemical micronutrient fortificants.

RESULTS

During affective tests, consumers made little distinction between the five products in appearance, aroma, taste and overall appreciation. The experimental auctions showed that, without providing additional information on the products, there was no difference in ‘willingness to pay’ (WTP) between them. However, after that information is provided, consumers were willing to pay a modest premium for instant flour, and a large premium for added mango and carrot extract and for added micronutrients, but were not willing to pay a premium if those micronutrients came from natural sources. Income increased overall WTP, while education increased WTP for instant flour.

CONCLUSION

There is a potential market in low‐income African countries for instant and fortified cereal food products, but likely in the higher income and education groups. The increased cost needs to be compared to the premiums consumers are willing to pay. In the next step, the new and promising products could be tested in pilot markets, with target consumers. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Variations in yield and gluten proteins in durum wheat varieties under late‐season foliar versus soil application of nitrogen fertilizer in a northern Mediterranean environment
Authors: Visioli Giovanna , Bonas Urbana , Dal Cortivo Cristian , Pasini Gabriella , Marmiroli Nelson , Mosca Giuliano , Vamerali Teofilo
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

With the increasing demand for high‐quality foodstuffs and concern for environmental sustainability, late‐season nitrogen (N) foliar fertilization of common wheat is now an important and widespread practice. This study investigated the effects of late‐season foliar versus soil N fertilization on yield and protein content of four varieties of durum wheat, Aureo, Ariosto, Biensur and Liberdur, in a three‐year field trial in northern Italy.

RESULTS

Variations in low‐molecular‐weight glutenins (LMW‐GS), high‐molecular‐weight glutenins (HMW‐GS) and gliadins were assessed by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE). It was found that N applied to the canopy did not improve protein rate compared with N application to the soil (general mean 138 mg g−1), but moderately increased productivity in the high‐yielding varieties Liberdur and Biensur (three‐year means 7.23 vs 7.13 and 7.53 vs 7.09 t ha−1 respectively). Technological quality was mainly related to variety choice, Aureo and Ariosto having higher protein rates and glutenin/gliadin ratios. Also found was a strong ‘variety × N application method’ interaction in the proportions of protein subunits within each class, particularly LMW‐GS and gliadins. A promising result was the higher N uptake efficiency, although as apparent balance, combined with higher HMW/LMW‐GS ratio in var. Biensur.

CONCLUSION

Late‐season foliar N fertilization allows N fertilizer saving, potentially providing environmental benefits in the rainy climate of the northern Mediterranean area, and also leads to variety‐dependent up‐regulation of essential LMW‐GS and gliadins. Variety choice is a key factor in obtaining high technological quality, although it is currently associated with modest grain yield. This study provides evidence of high quality in the specific high‐yielding variety Biensur, suggesting its potential as a mono‐varietal semolina for pasta production. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of a Trauma‐Focused Group Intervention for Unaccompanied Young Refugees: A Pilot Study
Authors: Pfeiffer Elisa , Goldbeck Lutz
Published: October 2017

Recent research has shown that unaccompanied young refugees (UYR) encounter a wide range of traumatic events during preflight, flight, and resettlement. Although many UYR are resourceful, many develop posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). However, only a small number of vulnerable UYR have access to trauma‐focused interventions. Trauma‐focused group interventions, adapted to the needs of UYR, may be one way of improving their mental health. A total of 29 male UYR between 14 and 18 years of age, mainly from Afghanistan, participated in the evaluation study of a trauma‐focused group intervention entitled Mein Weg (My Way). The intervention included six sessions of psychoeducation, relaxation, trauma narrative, and cognitive restructuring. Pre–post comparisons of PTSS assessed by the Child and Adolescent Trauma Screen (CATS) were used. At study entry, participants endorsed, on average, eight traumatic events. After the group intervention, the participants reported significantly fewer overall PTSS preintervention mean = 27.6, SD = 7.9; postintervention mean = 20.7, SD = 6.3; t(28) = 4.2, p = .001, Cohen's d = 0.97. Improvement was especially pronounced in the domains of reexperiencing and avoidance, as well as negative alterations in cognitions and mood. There were 14 participants preintervention and 7 postintervention who fulfilled the PTSD criteria. This pilot study presented initial evidence of the efficacy of the trauma‐focused group intervention with regard to PTSS reduction.
Hormone receptors analysis in idiopathic progressive subglottic stenosis
Authors: Fiz Ivana , Bittar Zeid , Piazza Cesare , Koelmel Jan Constantin , Gatto Federico , Ferone Diego , Fiz Francesco , Di Dio Diana , Bosse Alexander , Peretti Giorgio , Sittel Christian
Published: October 2017

Objective

Idiopathic subglottic stenosis predominantly affects fertile and perimenopausal women. Estrogens and/or progesterone have been proposed as mediators of its pathogenesis by stimulating collagen deposition within the upper airway. We evaluated the presence and expression of estrogen‐alpha (ER‐α), estrogen‐beta (ER‐β), and progesterone receptors (PR) in idiopathic stenotic patients.

Study Design

A retrospective analysis on 42 surgical specimens from idiopathic stenosis female patients (mean age, 52.4; age range, 31–79) and 28 gender‐ and age‐matched controls.

Methods

Immunoreactivity of ER‐α, ER‐β, and PR was calculated as the product of intensity (1 = weak, 2 = moderate, 3 = strong) and positive cell percentage (1–4, for < 10/10–50/50–80/ > 80%). This score was calculated on the stenotic and peristenotic tissues. Influence of menopausal status on hormonal expression and stenotic grade was tested.

Results

Stenosis showed ER‐α overexpression versus peristenotic tissue and controls (score 6.6 ± 4.4, 0.3 ± 0.5, and 2.2 ± 1.5, respectively; P < 0.001). Overexpression was even more marked for progesterone receptors (score 8.3 ± 3.6, 0.8 ± 0.6, and 1.0 ± 0.7, respectively; P < 0.001). There was no expression of ER‐β in stenosis (score 0), whereas it was normally expressed in peristenotic tissue and controls (score 0.7 ± 0.5 and 0.5 ± 0.5; P < 0.001 vs. stenosis). Expression of ER‐α was higher in postmenopausal stenotic patients (P < 0.01). This subgroup included a higher proportion of Cotton‐Myer grade III stenosis than in premenopausal subjects (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

An imbalance between ER‐α, ER‐β, and PR is present in idiopathic stenosis patients. The hormonal background may be involved in inappropriate inflammation and increased stenosis susceptibility. Menopausal changes seem to play a role in both stenosis grade and receptor patterns.

Level of Evidence

NA. Laryngoscope, 128:E72–E77, 2018
Application of the Eighth Edition American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for HPV‐Related Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated With Transoral Robotic Surgery
Authors: Badhey Arvind K. , Olson Ashley , Kadakia Sameep , Russo Jack , Ting Peter , Khalid Mian , Yao Mike , Teng Marita S. , Genden Eric M. , Miles Brett A. , Chai Raymond L.
Published: October 2017

Objective

Analyze patients treated with transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the context of the eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study including 110 human papillomavirus‐related oropharyngeal cancer (HPV+OPC) patients with a minimum 1‐year follow‐up treated with TORS between 2007 to 2016. Kaplan‐Meier methods were used to estimate 3‐year disease‐free survival and assess differences in recurrence.

Results

One hundred and ten patients with a median follow‐up of 54 months were analyzed. Of those, 85% of patients were male, with a median age of 60. Twenty‐two percent of patients received no adjuvant therapy; 43% received adjuvant radiation; and 35% underwent adjuvant chemoradiation. Extracapsular spread was identified in 24% of patients. Overall survival was 100%, with estimated 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) (95% confidence interval) of 87% (77, 93). Under the seventh edition of the AJCC, 5% of patients were stage I; 11% were stage II; 26% were stage III; and 57% were stage IVa. Twenty‐seven patients (25%) were upstaged on final pathology, whereas 15 patients (14%) were downstaged. Under the eighth edition of the AJCC, 94% of patients were stage I for both clinical and pathologic staging systems. Six patients (6%) were upstaged on final pathology, whereas six patients (6%) were downstaged. No factors demonstrated statistical significance for DFS. Within pathologic stage I, Kaplan‐Meier estimates for DFS did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusion

The majority of patients undergoing TORS for HPV + OPC are stage I under the eighth edition of the AJCC staging system, with limited pathologic re‐staging compared with the prior system. Oncologic outcomes are favorable for this group. No clinicopathologic features are significant for DFS within pathologic stage I.

Level of Evidence

2b. Laryngoscope, 128:1133–1139, 2018
Resonant Lattice Kerker Effect in Metasurfaces With Electric and Magnetic Optical Responses
Authors: Babicheva Viktoriia E. , Evlyukhin Andrey B.
Published: October 2017

To achieve efficient light control at subwavelength dimensions, plasmonic and all‐dielectric nanoparticles have been utilized both as a single element as well as in the arrays. Here we study 2D periodic nanoparticle arrays (metasurfaces) that support lattice resonances near the Rayleigh anomaly due to the electric dipole (ED) and magnetic dipole (MD) resonant coupling between the nanoparticles. Silicon and core‐shell particles are considered. Our investigations are carried out using two independent numerical techniques, namely, the finite‐element method and the method of coupled‐dipole equations based on the Green function approach. We numerically demonstrate that choosing of lattice periods independently in each mutual‐perpendicular direction, it is possible to achieve a full overlap between the ED‐lattice resonance and MD resonances of nanoparticles in certain spectral range and to realize the resonant lattice Kerker effect (resonant suppression of the backward scattering or reflection). At the effect conditions, the strong suppression of light reflectance in the structure is appeared due to destructive interference between electromagnetic waves scattered by ED and MD moments of every nanoparticle in the backward direction with respect to the incident light wave. Influence of the array size on the revealed reflectance and transmittance behavior is discussed. The resonant lattice Kerker effect based on the overlap of both ED and MD lattice resonances is also demonstrated.
An Injectable Interpenetrating Polymer Network Hydrogel with Tunable Mechanical Properties and Self‐Healing Abilities
Authors: Wang Yanan , Yu Hansen , Yang Haiyang , Hao Xiang , Tang Quan , Zhang Xingyuan
Published: October 2017

In this work, a versatile and simple strategy to build an injectable interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) hydrogel with tunable mechanical properties and self‐healing ability is reported. The gelation time and mechanical properties can be tuned by pH or the solid content. Due to the exchange of acylhydrazone and boronate ester bonds formed between functionalized prepolymers, the hydrogels can self‐heal at either acidic or basic condition. Furthermore, the pH‐induced IPN to semi‐IPN reversible transition endows the hydrogels with tunable pore structure and mechanical properties. It is hoped that this novel strategy will provide new opportunities in design and preparation of 3D‐printable IPN hydrogels, fostering their use in a wide range of applications such as controlled drug release and tissue engineering.
In Situ Analysis of Chain Orientation Behavior in Thin Film Aromatic Polyimides by Variable Temperature pMAIRS during Thermal Imidization
Authors: Ishige Ryohei , Tanaka Kazuyuki , Ando Shinji
Published: October 2017

A variable‐temperature p‐polarized multiple‐angle incidence resolution spectroscopy (VT pMAIRS) technique is developed that enables the in situ analysis of the evolution of molecular orientation in polymer thin films induced by a wide range of temperature changes involving phase transition, chemical reaction, and so on. This technique is used to analyze variations in chain orientation during the thermal curing of thin films (<300 nm) composed of various aromatic polyimides (PIs) on Si substrates. The orientation mechanisms in these thin films are found to be significantly different from those of the corresponding thick films because of lower levels of residual solvent and low shrinkage during solvent evaporation and imidization. Furthermore, the orientation behavior strongly depends on chemical structure; for pyromelliric anhydride‐based PIs, planar orientations of the PI segments spontaneously form with eliminating perpendicularly oriented precursor segments, while those of 3,3′,4,4′‐biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride‐based PI segments occur in the film as a result of large tensile stresses induced by the imidization reactions. VT pMAIRS is a powerful tool for the analysis of complex behavior in multicomponent thin films involving morphological changes, chemical reactions, as well as molecular orientations.
Virtual Screening Approach of Bacterial Peptide Deformylase Inhibitors Results in New Antibiotics
Authors: Merzoug Amina , Chikhi Abdelouahab , Bensegueni Abderrahmane , Boucherit Hanane , Okay Sezer
Published: October 2017

The increasing resistance of bacteria to antibacterial therapy poses an enormous health problem, it renders the development of new antibacterial agents with novel mechanism of action an urgent need. Peptide deformylase, a metalloenzyme which catalytically removes N‐formyl group from N‐terminal methionine of newly synthesized polypeptides, is an important target in antibacterial drug discovery. In this study, we report the structure‐based virtual screening of ZINC database in order to discover potential hits as bacterial peptide deformylase enzyme inhibitors with more affinity as compared to GSK1322322, previously known inhibitor. After virtual screening, fifteen compounds of the top hits predicted were purchased and evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activities against one Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and three Gram negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella. pneumoniae) bacteria in different concentrations by disc diffusion method. Out of these, three compounds, ZINC00039650, ZINC03872971 and ZINC00126407, exhibited significant zone of inhibition. The results obtained were confirmed using the dilution method. Thus, these proposed compounds may aid the development of more efficient antibacterial agents.
Soft tissue rheology and its implications for elastography: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Bilston Lynne E.
Published: October 2017

Magnetic resonance elastography and related shear wave ultrasound elastography techniques can be used to estimate the mechanical properties of soft tissues in vivo by using the relationships between wave propagation and the elastic properties of materials. These techniques have found numerous clinical and research applications, tracking changes in tissue properties as a result of disease or other interventions. Most dynamic elastography approaches estimate tissue elastic (or viscoelastic) properties from a simplified version of the equations for the propagation of acoustic waves through a homogeneous linear (visco)elastic medium. However, soft tissue rheology is complex and departs significantly from this idealized picture. In particular, soft tissues are nonlinearly viscoelastic, inhomogeneous and often anisotropic, and their apparent stiffness can vary with the current loading state. All of these features have implications for the reliability and reproducibility of elastography measurements, from data acquisition to analysis and interpretation. New developments in inversion algorithms for elastography are beginning to offer solutions to account for the complex rheology of tissues, including inhomogeneity and anisotropy. There remains considerable potential to further refine elastography to capture the full spectrum of tissue rheology, and thus to better understand the underlying tissue microstructural changes in a broad range of clinical disorders.
Synaptopodin‐2 suppresses metastasis of triple‐negative breast cancer via inhibition of YAP/TAZ activity
Authors: Liu Junling , Ye Liping , Li Qingyuan , Wu Xianqiu , Wang Bin , Ouyang Ying , Yuan Zhongyu , Li Jun , Lin Chuyong
Published: October 2017

Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with a high incidence of distant metastasis; however, the underlying mechanism for this frequent recurrence remains unclear. Herein, we show that synaptopodin‐2 (SYNPO2), a putative tumour suppressor in aggressive cancer, is frequently downregulated in TNBC by methylation of the promoter of SYNPO2. Low expression levels of SYNPO2 correlated significantly with 5‐year metastatic relapse, and predicted poorer prognosis in breast cancer patients. Reintroduction of SYNPO2 inhibited the invasion and spontaneous metastasis of TNBC cells in vivo. Strikingly, downregulation of SYNPO2 is essential for the maintenance of stem cell‐like properties in TNBC cells, leading to efficient distant colonization and metastasis outgrowth. Moreover, we demonstrate that SYNPO2 inhibits the activities of YAP and TAZ by stabilizing LATS2 protein, and transduction of YAP‐S127A abrogates the repressive role of SYNPO2 in metastasis. Finally, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of breast cancer patient specimens indicated that the SYNPO2–LATS2–YAP axis is clinically relevant. These findings uncover a suppressive role of SYNPO2 in TNBC metastasis via inhibition of YAP/TAZ, and suggest that SYNPO2 might provide a potential prognosis marker and novel therapeutic strategy. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of nanosize CaCO3 and nanoclay on morphology and properties of linear PP/branched PP blend foams
Authors: Mohammad Mehdipour Narges , Garmabi Hamid , Jamalpour Seifollah
Published: October 2017

Branched polypropylene (PP) polymer (BPP), two nanoparticles with different aspect ratios, nano CaCO3, and nanoclay (Cloisite 20A), were used for improving the melt strength of linear PP (LPP) and producing microcellular foam via a solid‐state foaming process using supercritical N2 as a physical foaming agent. The effects of BPP and nanoparticles were investigated on the rheological and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite and morphological properties of the foamed samples. The effect of temperature, saturation pressure, and foaming time were studied on the morphological properties of the foams, too. The results showed that the BPP increased the elongation at break of nanocomposite samples, and nano CaCO3 increased tensile strength, elongation at break, and tensile modulus, except at its highest content (15 wt%) and improving the dispersion of nanoclay. The nanoclay improved tensile strength and tensile modulus of nanocomposites, except at its highest content (6 wt%). The nanoclay increased the cell density and reduced the cell size and improved melt strength and cell stability during the foaming process. The nano CaCO3 improved foamability, cell size, and cell density. The simultaneous presence of nanoclay and nano CaCO3 synergistically improved the cell density and decreased the cell size of the foams. The best process conditions were found as 140°C temperature, 80 bar pressure, and 2 h time. The results of the DSC analysis showed that the crystallinity of foamed samples was higher than the nanocomposites and DMTA analysis showed that the tan δ of foamed samples was higher than unfoamed samples. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E227–E241, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
Dereplication by HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS and Screening for Biological Activities of Byrsonima Species (Malpighiaceae)
Authors: Fraige Karina , Dametto Alessandra Cristina , Zeraik Maria Luiza , de Freitas Larissa , Saraiva Amanda Correia , Medeiros Alexandra Ivo , Castro‐Gamboa Ian , Cavalheiro Alberto José , Silva Dulce Helena S. , Lopes Norberto Peporine , Bolzani Vanderlan S.
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Byrsonima species have been used in the treatment of gastrointestinal and gynecological inflammations, skin infections and snakebites. Based on their biological activities, it is important to study other organisms from this genus and to identify their metabolites.

Objectives

To determine the metabolic fingerprinting of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of four Byrsonima species (B. intermedia, B. coccolobifolia, B. verbascifolia and B. sericea) by HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant, anti‐glycation, anti‐inflammatory and cytotoxic activities.

Materials and methods

Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH˙, ABTS˙+ and ROO˙ scavenging assays. Anti‐glycation activity was evaluated by the ability to inhibit the formation of advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Anti‐inflammatory activity was evaluated using a murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264–7) in the presence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) and nitrite (NO2−) production were measured by ELISA and the Griess reaction, respectively. The compounds present in the extracts were tentatively identified by HPLC‐DAD‐ESI‐MS/MS.

Results

The evaluation of the biological activities showed the potential of the extracts. The activities were assigned to the presence of glycoside flavonoids mainly derived from quercetin, quinic acid derivatives, gallic acid derivatives, galloylquinic acids and proanthocyanidins. Two isomers of sinapic acid‐O‐hexoside were described for the first time in a Byrsonima species.

Conclusion

This research contributes to the study of the genus, it is the first report of the chemical composition of B. sericea and demonstrates the importance of the dereplication process, allowing the identification of known compounds without time‐consuming procedures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrogenation Induced Carrier Mobility Polarity Reversal in Monolayer AlN
Authors: Tong Lijia , He Junjie , Chen Zheng , Wang Bin , Zong Hongxiang , Ackland Graeme J.
Published: October 2017

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials promote the development of nanoelectronic devices, which requires candidate systems with both a high carrier mobility and a moderate electronic bandgap. We present a first principles calculation of the intrinsic carrier mobilities of pristine (1L‐AlN) and hydrogenated (1L‐AlN‐H2) monolayer AlN. Numerical results reveal that 1L‐AlN shows a hole‐dominated ultra‐large carrier mobility (up to 5277 cm2 V−1 s−1). Upon full hydrogenation (1L‐AlN‐H2), the polarity of carrier mobility is reversed from hole dominated to electron dominated. This tunable polarity of intrinsic carrier mobility indicates monolayer AlN as a promising candidate for future nanoelectronics.
A DFT study of proton transfers for the reaction of phenol and hydroxyl radical leading to dihydroxybenzene and H2O in the water cluster
Authors: Yamabe Shinichi , Yamazaki Shoko
Published: October 2017

Reactions of phenol and hydroxyl radical were studied under the aqueous environment to investigate the antioxidant characters of phenolic compounds. M06‐2X/6‐311 + G(d,p) calculations were carried out, where proton transfers via water molecules were examined carefully. Stepwise paths from phenol + OH• + (H2O)n (n = 3, 7, and 12) to the phenoxyl radical (PhO•) via dihydroxycyclohexadienyl radicals (ipso, ortho, meta, and para OH‐adducts) were obtained. In those paths, the water dimer was computed to participate in the bond interchange along hydrogen bonds. The concerted path corresponding to the hydrogen atom transfer (HAT, apparently PhOH + OH• → PhO• + H2O) was found. In the path, the hydroxyl radical located on the ipso carbon undergoes the charge transfer to prompt the proton (not hydrogen) transfer. While the present new mechanism is similar to the sequential proton loss electron transfer (SPLET) one, the former is of the concerted character. Tautomerization reactions of ortho or para (OH)C6H5=O + (H2O)n → C6H4(OH)2(H2O)n were traced with n = 2, 3, 4, and 14. The n = 3 (and n = 14) model of ortho and para was calculated to be most likely by the strain‐less hydrogen‐bond circuit.