bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The extremely hot and dry 2018 summer in central and northern Europe from a multi-faceted weather and climate perspective
Authors: Rousi Efi , Fink Andreas H. , Andersen Lauren S. , Becker Florian N. , Beobide-Arsuaga Goratz , Breil Marcus , Cozzi Giacomo , Heinke Jens , Jach Lisa , Niermann Deborah , Petrovic Dragan , Richling Andy , Riebold Johannes , Steidl Stella , Suarez-Gutierrez Laura , Tradowsky Jordis , Coumou Dim , Düsterhus André , Ellsäßer Florian , Fragkoulidis Georgios , Gliksman Daniel , Handorf Dörthe , Haustein Karsten , Kornhuber Kai , Kunstmann Harald , Pinto Joaquim G. , Warrach-Sagi Kirsten , Xoplaki Elena
Published: August 2022

Abstract. The summer of 2018 was an extraordinary season in climatological terms for northern and central Europe, bringing simultaneous, widespread, and concurrent heat and drought extremes in large parts of the continent with extensive impacts on agriculture, forests, water supply, and socio-economic sector. We present a comprehensive, multi-faceted analysis of the 2018 extreme summer in terms of heat and drought in central and northern Europe with a particular focus on Germany. The heatwave first affected Scandinavia by mid-July, shifted towards central Europe in late July, while Iberia was primarily affected in early August. The atmospheric circulation was characterized by strongly positive blocking anomalies over Europe, in combination with a positive summer North Atlantic Oscillation and a double jet stream configuration before the initiation of the heatwave. In terms of possible precursors common to previous European heatwaves, the Eurasian double jet structure and a tripolar sea-surface temperature anomaly over the North Atlantic were identified already in spring. While in the early stages over Scandinavia the air masses at mid- and upper-levels were often of remote, maritime origin, at later stages over Iberia the air masses had primarily a local to regional origin. The drought affected Germany the most, starting with warmer than average conditions in spring, associated with enhanced latent heat release that initiated a severe depletion of soil moisture. During summer, a continued precipitation deficit exacerbated the problem, leading to hydrological and agricultural drought. A probabilistic attribution assessment of the heatwave in Germany showed that the prolonged heat has become more likely due to global warming. Regarding future projections, an extreme summer such as this of 2018 is expected to occur every two out of three years in Europe under a 1.5 °C warmer world and virtually every single year under 2 °C of global warming. With such large-scale and impactful extreme events becoming more frequent and intense under anthropogenic climate change, comprehensive and multi-faceted studies like the one presented here quantify the multitude of effects and provide valuable information as basis for adaptation and mitigation strategies.
Drivers of Particle Sinking Velocities in the Peruvian Upwelling System
Authors: Baumann Moritz , Paul Allanah Joy , Taucher Jan , Bach Lennart Thomas , Goldenberg Silvan , Stange Paul , Minutolo Fabrizio , Riebesell Ulf
Published: August 2022

Abstract. As one of Earth’s most productive marine ecosystems, the Peruvian Upwelling System transports large amounts of biogenic matter from the surface to the deep ocean. Whilst particle sinking velocity is a key factor controlling the biological pump, thereby affecting carbon sequestration and O2-depletion, it has not yet been measured in this system. During a 50-day mesocosm experiment in the surface waters off the coast of Peru, we measured particle sinking velocities and their biogeochemical and physical drivers. We further characterized the general properties of exported particles under different phytoplankton communities and nutritional states. Average sinking velocities varied between size classes and ranged from 12.8 ± 0.7 m d-1 (particles 40–100 µm), to 19.4 ± 0.7 m d-1 (particles 100–250 µm), and 34.2 ± 1.5 m d-1 (particles 250–1000 µm) (±95% CI). Surprisingly, no relationship between opal ballast and sinking velocity could be identified, despite the presence of diatoms, questioning the importance of opal ballast in freshly produced material sinking from the surface. In contrast, we found higher sinking velocities with increasing particle size, compactness and roundness. Size had by far the strongest influence among these physical particle properties. Our study provides a detailed analysis of the drivers of particle sinking velocity in the Peruvian Upwelling System, which allows modelers to optimize local particle flux parameterization. This will help to better project oxygen concentrations and carbon sequestration in a region that is subject to substantial climate-driven changes.
An Improved Model of Shade-affected Stream Temperature in Soil & Water Assessment Tool
Authors: Noa-Yarasca Efrain , Babbar-Sebens Meghna , Jordan Chris
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Stream temperatures have been increasing worldwide, in some cases, reaching unsustainable levels for aquatic life. Riparian re-vegetation has been identified as a strategy for managing stream temperatures by blocking direct solar radiation. In this study, the effects of riparian vegetation on stream temperatures were included within the Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model through a shade factor parameter. An equilibrium temperature approach was used to integrate the shade factor in an energy balance context. The stream temperature sub-model was improved using the new energy balance equation and integrated into SWAT. Unlike existing models, the modified SWAT model developed enables improved representation of two processes - mass and heat transfer – that influence stream temperature change and enables simulation of shading and its effects on stream temperatures at sub-basin scales. The updated SWAT model was tested in Dairy McKay Watershed, OR, USA, for four scenarios: current conditions of riparian vegetation, full restoration, efficient restoration, and no vegetation. The model calibration under current riparian vegetation showed good performance (NSE>0.74). Stream temperature reduction and number of days with stream temperatures above survival limits (NDSTASL) for aquatic species were also evaluated as measures of riparian shade performance. Findings showed average temperature reductions of 0.91 °C (SD = 0.69 °C) and reductions in NDSTASL of 17.1 days over a year for full riparian restoration, and average reductions of 0.86 °C (SD = 0.67 °C) and 16.2 days for efficient restoration. Notwithstanding the similar benefits, efficient restoration was 14.4 % cheaper than full riparian vegetation restoration.
Impact of topography on in-situ soil wetness measurements for regional landslide early warning – a case study from the Swiss Alpine Foreland
Authors: Wicki Adrian , Lehmann Peter , Hauck Christian , Stähli Manfred
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of in-situ soil wetness measurements to predict regional shallow landslides. Increasing availability of monitoring data from sensor networks provides valuable information for developing future regional landslide early warning systems (LEWSs), however, most existing monitoring sites are located on flat terrain. The question arises, if the representativeness for regional landslide activity would improve if sensors were installed on a landslide-prone hillslope? To address this, two soil wetness monitoring stations were installed at close proximity on a steep slope and on a flat location in the Napf region (Northern Alpine Foreland of Switzerland), and measurements were conducted over a period of 3 years. As both sites inhibit similar lithological, vegetation and precipitation characteristics, soil hydrological differences can be attributed to the impact of topography and hydrogeology. At the sloped site, conditions were generally wetter and less variable in time, and evidence was found for temporary lateral water transport along the slope. These differences were systematic and could be reduced by considering relative soil moisture changes. The application of a statistical landslide forecast model showed that both sites were equally able to distinguish critical from non-critical conditions for landslide triggering, which demonstrates the value of existing monitoring sites in flat areas for the application in LEWSs.
Control Simulation Experiments of Extreme Events with the Lorenz-96 Model
Authors: Sun Qiwen , Miyoshi Takemasa , Richard Serge
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Control Simulation Experiment (CSE) is a recently developed approach to investigate the controllability of dynamical systems, extending the well-known Observing Systems Simulation Experiment (OSSE) in meteorology. For effective control of chaotic dynamical systems, it is essential to exploit the high sensitivity to initial conditions for dragging a system away from an undesired regime by applying minimal perturbations. In this study, we design a CSE for reducing the number of extreme events in the Lorenz-96 model. The 40 variables of this model represent idealized meteorological quantities evenly distributed on a latitude circle. The reduction of occurrence of extreme events over 100 years runs of the model is discussed as a function of the parameters of the CSE: the ensemble forecast length for detecting extreme events in advance, the magnitude and localization of the perturbations, and the quality and coverage of the observations. The design of the CSE is aimed at reducing weather extremes when applied to more realistic weather prediction models.
Dynamics of carbon loss from an Arenosol by a forest to vineyard land use change on a centennial scale
Authors: Quéro Solène , Hatté Christine , Cornu Sophie , Duvivier Adrien , Cam Nithavong , Jamoteau Floriane , Borschneck Daniel , Basile-Doelsch Isabelle
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Few studies have focused on Arenosols with regard to soil carbon dynamics despite the fact that they represent 7 % of the world's soils and are present in key areas where food security is a major issue (e.g., in Sahelian regions). As for other soil types, land use changes (from forest or grassland to cropland) lead to a loss of substantial soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and have a lasting impact on the SOC turnover. Here we quantified long-term variations in carbon stocks and their dynamics in a 80 cm deep Mediterranean Arenosol that had undergone a forest-to-vineyard land use change over a 100 years ago. Paired sites of adjacent plots combined with carbon and nitrogen quantification and natural radiocarbon (14C) abundance analyses revealed a C stock of 53 t ha−1 in the 0–30 cm forest soil horizon, which was reduced to 3 t ha−1 after long-term grape cultivation. Total organic carbon in the vineyard was dramatically low, with around 1 g C kg−1, and there was no vertical gradient as a function of depth. 14C showed that deep plowing (50 cm) in the vineyard plot redistributed the remaining carbon both vertically and horizontally. This remaining carbon was old (compared to that of the forest), which had a C:N ratio characteristic of microbial organic matter and was probably stabilized within organomineral associations. Despite the drastic degradation of the organic matter (OM) pool in this Arenosol, this soil would have a high carbon storage potential if agricultural practices, such as grassing or organic amendment applications, were to be implemented within the framework of the 4 per 1000 initiative.
Dynamics of gap winds in the Great Rift Valley, Ethiopia: emphasis on strong winds at Lake Abaya
Authors: Weiß Cornelius Immanuel , Gohm Alexander , Rotach Mathias Walter , Minda Thomas Torora
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Lake Abaya, located in the Great Rift Valley (GRV) in Ethiopia, is affected by regularly occurring strong winds that cause water waves, which in turn affect the lake's ecology and food web. The driving forces for these winds, however, are yet unexplained. Hence, the main goal of this study is to provide a physical explanation for the formation of these strong winds in the GRV and especially at Lake Abaya. To this aim, two case studies were performed based on measurements, ERA5 reanalysis data and mesoscale numerical simulations conducted with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The simulations revealed that in both cases a gap flow downstream of the narrowest and highest part of the GRV (i.e. the pass) led to high wind speeds of up to 25 m s−1. Two types of gap flow were identified: a north-eastern gap flow and a south-western gap flow. The wind directions are in line with the orientation of the valley axis and depend on the air mass distribution north and south of the valley and the resulting along-valley pressure gradient. The air mass distribution was determined by the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone relative to the GRV. The colder air mass was upstream of the GRV in both case studies. During the day, the convective boundary layer in the warmer air mass on the downstream side heated up more strongly and quickly than in the colder air mass. The most suitable variable describing the timing of the gap flow was found to be the pressure gradient at pass height, which corresponds roughly to the 800 hPa pressure level. In both cases the gap flow exhibited a strong daily cycle, which illustrates the importance of the thermal forcing due to differential heating over complex terrain in addition to the large-scale forcing due to air mass differences. The start, strength, and the duration of the gap winds within the valley depended on location. For both cases, the strongest winds occurred after sunset and in the ongoing night downstream of the gap and on the corresponding lee slope. The ERA5 reanalysis captures both events qualitatively well but with weaker wind speeds than in the mesoscale numerical simulations. Hence, ERA5 is suitable for a future climatological analysis of these gap flows.
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF PISTON HEAD USING CAD
Authors: K.S Nitin , Sahani Sahani , Lai S.B.
Published: August 2022

The motive of undertaking this project of structural analysis of piston head is to study and evaluate the performance in real working conditions of the piston in internal combustion engine. In this paper, the work is carried out to measure the stress distribution on the top surface of the piston made up of aluminium alloy. In IC engine piston experiences uneven temperature distribution and from piston head to skirt. The analysis predicts that due to stress generated the top surface of the piston may be damage or break during the operating conditions, since the damaged or broken parts are so expensive to replace and generally are not easily available, the 3D model of piston is created using Creo. 3D model is imported to the Abaqus and FEA is performed. By identifying the true design features, the extended service life and long term stability is assured.
TAGUCHI METHOD PARAMETRIC OPTIMIZATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND MRR ON HPMMC IN CNC TURNING PHASE
Authors: S.N. Baba  , Akbar. B.S
Published: August 2022

In the machining phase, graphite in ceramic reinforced aluminum metal matrix composites improves machining efficiency. As a result of the forming of the tribological sheet, standard machining performance may increase. They need the most precise machining operations in the manufacturing fields, which result in the production of high-quality goods under ideal conditions. Composites' uses in engineering are increasingly expanding due to their unique properties, and these composites need the most detailed machining operations due to their manufacturing costs and applications. The fabrication of the hybrid particulate aluminum metal matrix composite (HPMC) in the sand casting method, as well as the findings of an experimental analysis on the Machinability properties of hybrid particulate aluminum metal matrix composite (HPMC), are presented in this article (Al-SiCp-Gr). The impact of strengthened silicon carbide and graphite particle ratios of 10 and 15 weight percentages was investigated. On the resulting surface roughness and material removal rate of workpieces, control factors of the turning process such as speed, feed rate, and depth of cut were investigated. Using the Taguchi, ANOVA, and S/N ratio techniques, the performance values were evaluated and optimized. It was discovered that increasing graphite strengthening and adding SCP to the mix improved the MRR while maintaining a strong surface finish. The pace and feed speeds of the cutting method are primarily responsible for surface roughness. The pace and DOC of the cutting operation have a significant impact on the MRR.
CIHEULANG RIVER FLOOD ANALYSIS IN CARINGIN DISTRICT SUKABUMI REGENCY
Authors: Yulia A  , Utamy Sukmayu Saputri  , Triono  , Kornienko Elena Vladimirovna
Published: August 2022

This study aims to study and analyze the intensity of rainfall, flood discharge and flood control of the Ciheulang River in Caringin District, Sukabumi Regency. The method used is a statistical and empirical model analysis approach including the distribution of Log Pearson Type III, Intensity Duration Frequency and rational methods. Based on the results of the study, it is known that (1) The intensity of rainfall in the Ciheulang river in Caringin District, Sukabumi Regency in a 2 year period is 7.999 mm/second, a 5 year period 9, 215 mm/second, a 10 year period 9,922 mm/second, a 25 year period 10,736 mm/second, period of 50 years 11.297 mm/second and period of 100 years 11.825 mm/second; (2) Ciheulang river flood discharge in Caringin District, Sukabumi Regency for a 2 year period is 38.424 mm/second, a 5 year period 44,266 mm/second, a 10 year period 47,664 mm/second, a 25 year period 51.574 mm/second, a 50 year period 54.269 mm/second and period of 100 years 56,807 mm/second; (3) Control of flooding that occurred in the Ciheulang river in Caringin District, Sukabumi Regency is carried out by reducing and overcoming runoff that occurs due to planned flood discharges with various return periods, through alternative structural efforts, including: making/raising flood embankments using revetments, gabions river channel.
Cost of occupational safety and health using circular number: 11/se/m/2019 on the rehabilitation work of the karajinan irrigation area
Authors: Paikun  , Wisnu Resdiawan  , Inge Sundaryani  , Nurdin  , Matthew Paul Cant
Published: August 2022

To minimize the number of work accidents in construction work, especially in irrigation work. Irrigation construction service providers must provide costs for occupational safety and health purposes taken from the total project costs. This study has the aim of knowing the amount of occupational safety and health costs required according to Circular Number 11/SE/M/2019 (SE19). The research was carried out using the literature study method where the stages of data analysis were compiling a list of risks that occurred, assessing risk, mitigating risk, calculating occupational safety and health costs with the price survey results and calculating the percentage of occupational safety and health costs to the contract. The results showed that 27 occupational accidents and safety risks were identified with 18 low risk categories and 9 moderate risks. The required occupational safety and health cost based on the contract is Rp. 11,961,000.00 while the cost based on the SE19 regulations is Rp. 18,350,000.00.
SMART AGRICULTURE BASED IOT AND MOBILE APPS
Authors: Somantri  , Supriatna  , Hardi Herdiana  , Ujang Mulyana  , Anggy Pradifta Junfithrana
Published: August 2022

Agriculture is the main occupation in our country for many centuries. But now because of the migration of people from rural to urban areas there are barriers to agriculture. So to solve this problem we are using smart farming techniques using IOT. Smart farming is a developing concept, because the IOT Sensor is able to provide information about the agricultural sector and then act on user input. To develop this Intelligent Agricultural System, it uses the advantages of the latest technology such as Arduino, IOT and Wireless Sensor Networks. The paper aims to make use of the emerging technology namely IOT and the use of intelligent agricultural automation. Monitoring of environmental conditions is the main factor for increasing efficient crop yields. This feature includes the development of a system that can monitor temperature, humidity and is programmed via an android application.
Reengineering-ul managerial al APL prin prisma tiparelor naționale ale Republicii Moldova
Authors:   Universitatea Agrară de Stat din Moldova, Fetescu Cezara
Published: August 2022

Articolul are menirea de a identifica posibilitățile de înscriere în tiparele naționale ale Republicii Moldova a modelului occidental de reengineering managerial al APL. În acest sens se va argumenta necesitatea racordării modelului la specificul național, cât și la necesitățile comunității în calitate de beneficiar final al serviciilor publice. Se vor identifica acele elemente de turnură menite să reproiecteze procesul administrativ din Republica Moldova prin prisma reengineeringului managerial, în vederea debarasării de principiile pe care se sprijinea vechea guvernare prin instaurarea unor relații centrate pe cetățean, caracterizate prin transparență, responsabilitate, promptitudine, colaborare și spirit de inițiativă.
Economic globalization challenges - context for identifying a negotiation pattern of the Republic of Moldova
Authors:   Academy of Economic Studies, Republic of Moldova, Ghiletchi Zorina
Published: August 2022

The reference frame of this study starts from an assurance as to the formation of a new historical paradigm, with a series of characteristics and challenges. Globalization is becoming a historical case that cannot be ignored, especially since it emphasizes the conjugation of the political element with the economic one. In other words, nation states have the opportunity to negotiate an economic status by identifying a model that would safeguard the national interest. The Republic of Moldova is working to develop a strategic leadership that would generate efficiency in all aspects. The ,,Associated Trio” cooperation project is an example of this.
Marketing
Authors: Kalra Dr. Mohini
Published: August 2022

Dr. Mohini Kalra, Dr. Gufran Ajmal
Advertising Decision
Authors: Kumwat Dr. Mukesh Kumar
Published: August 2022

Dr. Mukesh Kumar Kumwat, Manoj Kumar Sharma
Sales Promotion
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar
Published: August 2022

Manoj Kumar Sharma, Dr. Narender Yadav
Pricing Decision and Strategies
Authors: Iqbal Mohammad Rashid
Published: August 2022

Mohammad Rashid Iqbal, Dr. Gufran Ajmal
Product Mix Decisions
Authors: Jindal Heena
Published: August 2022

Heena Jindal, Dr. Narender Yadav
Modelling Underdispersed Count Data: Relative Performance of Poisson Model and its Alternatives
Authors: N.K.G. Seck , A. Ngom , K. Noba
Published: August 2022

Count data are common in many fields and often modelled with the Poisson model. However, the equidispersion assumption (variance = mean) related to the Poisson model is often violated in practice. While much research has focused on modelling overdispersed count data, underdispersion has received relatively little attention. Alternative models are therefore needed to handle overdispersion (variance > mean) and underdispersion (variance < mean). This study assessed the relative performance of the Poisson model and its alternatives (COM-Poisson, Generalized Poisson Regression, Double Poisson and Gamma Count) to model underdispersed count data. Using a Monte Carlo experiment, the simulation plan considered various underdispersion levels (k (variance/mean) = 0.2, 0.5 and 0.81), k=1 as a control, and sample sizes (n=20, 50, 100, 300 and 500). Results showed that the Poisson model is not robust to handle underdispersion but it is the best performer when k=1. The COM-Poisson model best fitted severe underdispersed data (k=0.2). It is also the best performer model for moderate underdispersed count data (k=0.81). However, when k=0.5, the Double Poisson model and Generalized Poisson model outperformed other models for relatively large sample sizes (n=100, 300 and 500). Our finding suggests that none of the models suits all situations. Therefore, in practice, several of these models need to be tested to select the best one.
Memetic algorithm for the dynamic vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup
Authors: Berahhou Amina , Benadada Youssef , Bouanane Khaoula
Published: August 2022

In recent years, the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) has become an important issue for distribution companies. Also, the rapid development of communication means and the appearance of reverse logistics have given rise to new variants of the VRP. This article deals with an important variant of the VRP which is Dynamic Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Delivery and Pickup (DVRPSDP), in which new customers appear during the working day and each customer requires simultaneous delivery and pickup. A Memetic Algorithm (MA) that combines Genetic Algorithm (GA) and local search procedure have been proposed to solve the problem. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated with the tests carried out on a set of benchmarks found in the literature. The proposed memetic algorithm is very efficient and gives many good solutions.
Contracts design for serial delivery with connecting time spot: From a perspective of fourth party logistics
Authors: Dong Yang , Qian Xiaohu , Huang Min , Ching Wai-Ki
Published: August 2022

For a serial delivery system, the latter 3PL needs to be prepared at the transshipment node in advance to reduce the total delivery time. In this paper, we propose the concept of Connecting Time Spot (CTS) to help 4PL schedule the latter 3PL when to wait at the transshipment node. We study a serial delivery system with a 4PL and two 3PLs, where 4PL designs optimal contracts with two types of CTS (GCTS is derived by system parameter and DCTS is determined by 4PL’s optimization) to induce 3PLs to exert the optimal effort levels. We analyze the effects of CTS on the system profit in the centralized system. For the decentralized system, we particularly investigate the optimal contracts in three penalty modes which are according to the occupancy of the warehouses. The results show that CTS can avoid 3PLs’ idle resources and enhance the system profit for serial delivery both in the centralized system and the decentralized system. Compared with GCTS, DCTS has a better performance in enhancing the system profits. Also, the optimal incentive contracts achieve Pareto improvement for system profits. Interestingly, one 3PL’s delivery penalty mode will not affect the other 3PL’s optimal contracts.
Bi-objective optimization of identical parallel machine scheduling with flexible maintenance and job release times
Authors: Chen Yarong
Published: August 2022

This paper investigates an identical parallel machine scheduling problem with flexible maintenance and job release times and attempts to optimize two objectives: the minimization of the makespan and total tardiness simultaneously. A mixed-integer programming (MIP) model for solving small-scale instances is presented first, and then a modified NSGA-Ⅱ (M-NSGA-Ⅱ) algorithm is constructed for solving medium- and large-scale instances by incorporating several strategies. These strategies include: (ⅰ) the proposal of a decoding method based on dynamic programming, (ⅱ) the design of dynamic probability crossover and mutation operators, and (ⅲ) the presentation of neighborhood search method. The parameters of the proposed algorithm are optimized by the Taguchi method. Three scales of problems, including 52 instances, are generated to compare the performance of different optimization methods. The computational results demonstrate that the M-NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm obviously outperforms the original NSGA-II algorithm when solving medium- and large-scale instances, although the time taken to solve the instances is slightly longer.
Diferencias en el comportamiento alimentario de Cavia porcellus determinadas por su sexo
Authors: Moscoso-Vásquez María Daniela , Maxi-Maxi Edwin Alberto , Martínez-Suárez Pedro Carlos , Reiván-Ortiz Geovanny Genaro
Published: August 2022

El cuy (C) (Cavia porcellus) es un mamífero roedor originario de la zona andina del Perú, Ecuador, Colombia y Bolivia. Constituye un producto alimenticio nativo de bajo costo de producción, que contribuye a la seguridad alimentaria de la población. Con esta investigación se aporta conocimiento a la comunidad científica y se evidencia cómo factores conductuales pueden depender, tanto de elementos instintivos y ambientales, y además, cómo estas conductas pueden ser modificadas al conocer su funcionamiento. El conocimiento sobre las diferencias de la conducta alimentaria entre los sexos de los C. porcellus puede potenciar técnicas de manejo apropiadas para intensificar su producción. La relevancia de este estudio radica en que se puede mejorar la calidad de vida del animal, la economía y la nutrición de la población. Los resultados del estudio concluyen que no existen diferencias en la conducta alimentaria de los C en relación a su sexo.
Cambios electrolíticos en perros con gastroenteritis infecciosa
Authors: Guaman-Simba Dorys Daniela , Castillo-Hidalgo Edy Paul , Armas-Ariza Juan Carlos
Published: August 2022

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación fue establecer el perfil electrolítico: Na (micromol·litros-1) [µMol·L-1], K (µMol·L-1), Cl (µMol·L-1), en perros con gastroenteritis viral y parasitaria, para lo cual se analizaron 30 pacientes (n=30) de todas las edades y sin diferencia de sexo, procedentes del albergue municipal de Ambato, Ecuador, los cuales presentaron síntomas gastrointestinales, a estos pacientes se levantó la Historia Clínica detallada, posterior a ello se tomaron 2 mililitros (mL) de sangre por punción de la vena yugular, para análisis de electrolitos, las muestras de sangre obtenidas fueron procesadas en un equipo DRI-CHEM NX500i, año 2016, de marca Fujifilm; de fabricación japonesa; de igual forma se realizó el Test Kit de Canine Parvovirus (SensPERT) y se recolectaron muestras de heces para examen coprológico. Los valores de K en diarreas producidas por parásitos se mostraron superiores frente a las diarreas producidas por parvovirus, mostrándose una diferencia significativa (P<0,0002), en el análisis de varianza (ANAVA); entre los microorganismos causantes de la diarrea, los que mostraron mayor prevalencia fueron Toxocara canis y Parvovirus canino tipo 2 (CPV-2).
Kementerian Agama: Problematika Penurunan Stunting Di Indonesia (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Buton Sulawesi Tenggara)
Authors: Ridwan
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui problematika atau penyebab terjadinya stunting di Kabupaten Buton, kedua untuk mengetahui proses pelaksanaan di lapangan penyelenggaraan program Bimbingan Perkawinan Calon Pengantin di Kementerian Agama di Kabupaten Buton.
Metode penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif dan desain studi kasus atau case research design di Kabupaten Buton Sulawesi Tenggara yang terdiri 1) Kantor Kementerian Agama Kabupaten Buton Sulawesi Tenggara, 2)  Kantor Urusan Agama, 3) Desa Kaongkeongkea Kecamatan Pasarwajo Kabupaten Buton. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan metode wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) dengan beberapa informan 1) Kepala Kankemenag Kabupaten Buton, 2) Kepala Seksi Bimas Islam Kab Buton, 3) Kepala KUA, 4) Kepala Desa,  Disamping itu juga dilakukan FGD dengan BKKBN Kabupaten Buton dan beberapa informan dari Wakil Bupati Buton. Instrumen selanjutnya menggunakan observasi dan dokumentasi. Informan dipilih dengan teknik purposive sampling terdiri dari sasaran advokasi, sasaran dukungan sosial dan sasaran pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam percepatan pencegahan stunting di Kabupaten Buton Sulawesi Tenggara.
Adapun hasilnya adalah Pertama: Adannya Ketersediaan Alokasi Anggaran pelaksanaan Bimbingan Perkawinan pada Kementerian Agama  Kabupaten Buton masih sangat kurang. Kedua: BKKBN Tingkat Kabupaten, Dinas Kesehatan dan Kementerian Agama belum optimal untuk berkoordinasi  dalam melaksanakan bimbingan perkawinan dan bimbingan remaja usia subur tentang pemahaman pendidikan calon pengantin dan remaja usia subur.
Kata Kunci: Kementerian Agama; Problematika; Stunting.
Problematika Pencairan Hak Jasa Layanan Rumah Sakit Oleh BPJS Kesehatan
Authors: Deborah Intan Paulina  , Siwi Talinta Fitra Medica
Published: August 2022

Penelitian ini pertama bertujuan untuk mengetahui problematika pencairan klaim hak jasa layanan rumah sakit yang dilakukan oleh Badan Penyelenggaran Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan. Tujuan penelitian kedua adalah untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh pada tertundanya pembayaran klaim oleh BPJS Kesehatan jika dilihat dari panduan pembuatan klaim yang dikeluarkan Kementerian Kesehatan dan perjanjian kerja sama BPJS Kesehatan dengan Rumah Sakit serta menganalisis penyelesaian dari tertundanya pencairan klaim hak  jasa layanan Rumah Sakit oleh  BPJS Kesehatan.

Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif, yang menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statue approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach).

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat faktor-faktor sejak pasien peserta JKN-KIS datang ke Rumah Sakit kemudian pada setiap mata rantai perjalanan klaim kepada BPJS Kesehatan hingga ketersediaan dana BPJS Kesehatan sendiri, yang kesemuanya itu berpengaruh terhadap tertundanya pembayaran klaim oleh BPJS Kesehatan. Sementara penyelesaian klaim kepada BPJS Kesehatan yang layak bayar namun tertunda pencairannya meliputi adanya denda Penalty 1% yang menjadi tanggung jawab BPJS Kesehatan, klausul perjanjian tambahan atau addendum didalam perjanjian kerja sama Rumah Sakit dengan BPJS Kesehatan dimana jika keterlambatan telah mencapai jumlah bulan tertentu

Kata Kunci: BPJS Kesehatan, Rumah Sakit, Jasa Layanan, Klaim, INA-CBGs, Perjanjian Kerja Sama.
Can Skopje, An Ottoman Sanjak, Be Evaluated Officially Fixed Price Fines Economically?
Authors: ELİK Yasemin
Published: August 2022

Migration is moving from one place to another place. Extraordinary situations such as wars, epidemics or natural disasters end with the displacement of people and thus their migration, which leads to some consequences in terms of both migration sending and receiving sides as well as social and geographical consequences. The 93 War between the Ottoman Empire and the Russian State witnessed a great migration wave. Especially with the loss of Bulgaria after the war, the Muslim people living in Bulgaria became refugee and were settled in Skopje, an important Ottoman sanjak due to its strategic location, by the Ottoman State. The Ottoman Empire used every opportunity for the Bulgarian immigrants to maintain their lives. It implemented price control, which is one of its general economic policies, effectively to that end. As in other regions within the borders of the Ottoman Empire, it continued this control which means narh policy in Skopje, and punished those who acted in the opposite direction. The aim of the study is to evaluate the Skopje during and after the 93 War within the scope of fines of narh.
Association between periostin and bone minerals in osteoporosis and osteopenia Iraqi patients
Authors: Mahmood Hajer , Abass Eiman A A.
Published: August 2022

Background: osteoporosis is characterized by a reduction in bone mineral density, skeletal microstructure breakdown, increased bone fragility, and fracture susceptibility. Osteopenia is the preceding step to osteoporosis because it causes a decrease in bone mass, osteoporosis reduces a person's quality of life. Periostin (encoded by Postn), its name is derived from the fact that it was first detected in periosteal osteocytes and osteoblasts. Periostin deficiency has been linked to osteoporosis and weak bones. Study objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine periostin levels in serum of Iraqi patients with osteoporosis and osteopenia, and it is also possible to consider periostin as a diagnostic factor to follow the progression of osteopenia to osteoporosis. Subjects & Methods: This study was conducted between October 2021 to March 2022 in Medical City of Baghdad /Teaching Hospital. The current study included 78 individuals (females and males) aged 40-65 years’ old, 53 of them are patients and 25 as a control. The lumber spine's bone mineral density was determined using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)scan to diagnose these patients. Patients divided into (27) person as osteoporosis patients and (26) as osteopenia patients.
relation between some parasitological parameters and inflammatory bowel disease infection
Authors: Muhammed Thikra Majid , Saleem Hiba Muwafaq , Al-Hetty Hussein Riyadh Abdul Kareem , Salman Dina Akeel
Published: August 2022

The term inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) refers to several chronic and recurrent inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders.. This current study was included (180) patients aged (15-60) with inflammatory disease of the internal organs who attended Al-Ramadi Teaching Hospital in Anbar Governorate between September 1st of 2021 to the 1st of May 2022. Elected according to the diagnosis of a gastroenterologist. Three groups of samples were created. The first group (60 samples) from patients full of IBD and Lamblia protozoan infection, group II (60 samples) of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and Entamoeba histolytica - infection suffering, and group III (60 samples) for patients with inflammatory internal organ disease and  Helicobacter pylori infection. While the control group consisted of (40) healthy individuals of different ages (15-60) years. They did not have a history of inflammatory bowel disease upon examination by gastroenterologist .The present study revealed a statistically significant difference between the cases (all three groups), and as a result, the p-value for the control group was(<0.05).
Histopathological effects of retinol on blastocyst implantation in pregnant rats
Authors: Ali Ashraf Raoof Mohammed , Abood Ali Hassan
Published: August 2022

Retinol is lipid soluble vitamin widely used during pregnancy as a food supplement.The study has been conducted in Animal House/Faculty of Sciences/University of Kufa between December 2021 and February 2022, fifteen female Albino Rats are used. The present study has been intended to show the histolopathologiacl effects of retinol on blastocyst implantation in female Albino Rats. The females Rats are randomly divided into three main groups, comprising five rats for each group. The control group is given orally injection of physiological normal saline and the second and third group are given orally injection of retinol doses ten, twenty μcg/kg/day respectively for seven days from the first day to the end of experimental allocated for each female.The rats are sacrificed in 7 th (dpc) to study the implantation of embryos in decidual tissues. Retinol doses ten, twenty μcg/kg/day caused macroscopic malformations in embryos of female rats compare to control group. The histopathlogical  study of female rats embryos treated with ten, twenty μcg/kg/day of retinol have shown deformations of decidual tissues zonation.In conclusion; retinol caused malformations of embryos in 7 th (dpc) and histopathlogical effects in decidual tissue zonations of blastocyst.
Implications of highway development and expansion on urban resident
Authors: Ocha Thevan. R , Kubendran C.
Published: August 2022

This study examined the implications of highway development and expansion on urban residents in Dindigul city. Data was obtained from the administration of questionnaires to 50 residents of Dindigul city, who were randomly selected. Simple descriptive statistics and chi-square analysis were employed. The findings show that the traffic flow was found to be very smooth and free due to the wide and good condition of the highway; the residents stated that highway expansion allow increase in inflow of new residents, businesses and puts pressure on the existing houses thus there is increase in value of houses as a result of increase in demand; residents believe that the expansion of roads has opened up the area for more businesses which now causes high cost effect on rent and leases in the study area. The research suggests that all road designs, construction and rehabilitation work should be handled by competent engineers who must give guarantee on the roads for a specified period. The proper functioning of an urban area depends on an efficient transportation network; this contributes to the economy of India directly through influx of people.
Phenotypic and genotypic detection of Enterobacter spp isolated from food
Authors: Yassir Sara Mohssin , Zaid Basaad Abd
Published: August 2022

The alternative sigma factor is essential for bacterial survival in harsh environments. Many Enterobacter spp. are opportunistic human pathogens, and their ability to adapt to changing environments may be critical to their virulence. These specialized sigma factors bind the promoters of genes appropriate to the environmental conditions and selectively increase the transcription of those genes. We used PCR to detected presence of RpoS, fimH and fimA genes in Enterobacter Cloacae Complex that isolated from food, (50%) of the isolates contain RpoS gene, (30%) of the isolates contain fimH and (20%) of the isolates contain fimA. RpoS was an important factor in cell control and bacterial persistence under stress conditions, and it contributed to virulence through a variety of mechanisms. Biofilm-producing bacteria were identified by the Congo Red Agar (CRA) method we obtained (50%) isolated of Enterobacter Cloacae Complex (ECC) formed Biofilm, according to laboratory investigations, 10 food samples in the current study contained Enterobacter spp. and were tested for antibiotic resistance. In our study, Amoixcillin-clavulanate and Ampicillin resistance was observed in all sample, while Imipenem and Levofloxacin showed high sensitivity.
Scientific inquiry skills and their relationship to achievement in chemistry for third-intermediate students
Authors: Al-Husseini Olfat Alaa Hashem , Daoud Dhamia Salem
Published: August 2022

The current research aimed to identify the skills of scientific investigation and achievement in chemistry among third-grade intermediate students, as well as to identify the strength and direction of the relationship between the research variables, and the descriptive correlative approach was adopted. The average in schools affiliated to the Directorate of Education / Karkh third in Baghdad by (2%) of the research community of (22,148) male and female students for the academic year (2021-2022). Measurement, classification, conclusion, extrapolation, prediction, communication, use of space and time relationships, procedural definition, controlling variables, imposing hypotheses, experimental design, and data interpretation) by 50 items (multiple choice). (40) paragraphs, including (35) objective paragraphs of a multiple-choice type with four alternatives and (5) essay paragraphs. Psychometrics of the two tools using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS+22) The statistical results showed the following: 1) The third intermediate grade students have a good achievement in chemistry as a result of their perseverance and scientific efforts; 2) The third intermediate grade students have sufficient scientific inquiry skills; 3) There is a correlation between scientific inquiry skills and achievement.
Concentration of heavy elements and metallothionein in the serum of workers in the industrial city of the Qar Governorat
Authors: Fatima A. L , Al. Khafaji Bassim Y.
Published: August 2022

This study was conducted in biology department labs, college of science university of The-Qar in Iraq, designed during the period from October 2201 to May 2022. The purpose of the study is measuring the protein (metalothionine) and some heavy elements (Lead, Cadmium, Copper, Chromium and Selenium) in blood serum workers in the industrial city in Dhi-Qar Governorate, north of Nasiriyah city. The current study included 100 samples ranging in age from (21-55) years, 50 samples battery repair, and 50 samples of healthy people away from the industrial city and exposure direct pollutants as a control group. The results and statistical analysis showed illustrated the level of all elements increase significantly in battery repair group. Compared with control group. The results of the study also showed that concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu  and Se for   battery repair  workers were with a means (0.46 ± 0.12, 0.32 ± 0.06, 4.20 ± 0.82 , 1.98 ± 0.23, 0.33 ± 0.13) μg/dl respectively, and the concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr,  Cu  and Se for healthy people were with a means (0.29 ± 0.01, 0.28 ± 0.04, 3.91 ± 0.71, 0.87 ± 0.14, 0.16 ± 0.03) μg/dl respectively.
Efficiency of alcoholic cinnamon extract on ERG3and ERG11 genes in Candida albicans isolated from oral children candediasis
Authors: Abdullah Farah Mohammed , Al Obaidi Laith A H
Published: August 2022

In the current study, it was highlighted to know the inhibitory effect of the alcoholic extract of cinnamon bark Against Candida yeast As well as evaluating the effectiveness of this extract on the viability of cell membrane formation, By knowing the gene expression level of C.albiacns gene for yeast Using the polymerase chain reaction in time 50 samples of Candida were collected and diagnosed by diagnostic tests C.ablicans method on yeast (cinnamon) from the alcoholic extract of cinnamon bark qRT- PCR and through the use of Microdilution Method To find out the inhibitory effect of the extract on the membrane (measurement of the level of gene expression of the gene) 1 Able to form C.albiacns (51.6%) from the bio-yeast, and the results showed that The results also showed that the concentration of 150 mg / ml showed the highest inhibition area with a value of 22 . mm while the concentration of 12.5 mg/ml showed the lowest inhibition logic with a value of 9 mm, and so was done For the extract against yeast if its value was 12.5 mg / (MIC) Calculation of the minimum inhibitory concentration.
Current status and related risk factors of abomasal nematodes in calves using Mini-FlOTAC as a new technique in Mosul city, Iraq
Authors: Shihab Hassan Hekmat , Hassan Sadam Dhahir
Published: August 2022

With ongoing climatic alternation, ignoring the influence of repellent resistance, and lack of planned treatment in many countries, the intensity and impact of gastrointestinal nematodes GIN were dramatically increased. The Mini-FLOTAC method for laboratory analysis is presented in the current investigation and is initially suggested to estimate the prevalence of abomasal nematodes and related predisposing factors in calves in Mosul, Iraq. Between October 2021 to the end of April 2022, a cross-sectional study involved several areas, and 480 fecal samples were examined. Animal data, and observed clinical signs documented during sampling. The outcome of this work indicates that the total prevalence of GIN was 50.6%.  The infection rate of abomasal nematodes Haemonchus spp., Ostertagia spp., and Trichostrongylus spp. was 62.13%, 60.9%, and 54.73%, respectively. The findings related to epidemiological risk factors demonstrated that animals aged <1 year and herd size >40 were more likely to be infected with abomasal nematodes, whilst gender, origin, and zone characteristics had no significant influence. Ultimately, calves in Mosul are frequently infected with abomasal nematodes of veterinary interest (Haemonchus and Ostertagia spp.). These nematode distributions are clearly influenced by the animals' ages and the size of their herds.