bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of magnetic field on the lubricating performance of nano magnetorheological grease at different temperatures
Authors: Pan Jiabao , Li Rui , Wang Ao
Published: September 2023

Purpose

The adverse effects of temperature on the lubricating properties of nano magnetorheological grease are reduced by applying of a magnetic field.

Design/methodology/approach

Nano magnetorheological grease was prepared via a thermal water bath with stirring. The lubricating properties of the grease were investigated at different temperatures. Then the lubricity of the prepared nano magnetorheological grease was investigated under the effect of thermomagnetic coupling.

Findings

As the temperature rises, the coefficient of friction of grease lubrication gradually increases, surface wear gradually increases and lubrication performance gradually decreases. Compared with grease, magnetorheological grease has a decreased coefficient of friction and enhanced lubrication effect under the action of a magnetic field at different temperatures.

Originality/value

A lubrication method using a magnetic field to reduce the effect of temperature is established, thereby providing new ideas for lubrication design under a wide range of temperature conditions.
Predicting dispersal and conflict risk for wolf recolonization in Colorado
Authors: Ditmer Mark A. , Wittemyer George , Zeller Katherine A. , Breck Stewart W. , Fletcher Robert J. , Crooks Kevin R.
Published: September 2023

The colonization of suitable yet unoccupied habitat due to natural dispersal or human introduction can benefit recovery of threatened species. Predicting habitat suitability and conflict potential of colonization areas can facilitate conservation planning.

Planning for reintroduction of gray wolves (Canis lupus) to the US state of Colorado is underway. Assessing which occupancy sites minimize the likelihood of human–wolf conflict during dispersal events and seasonal movements is critical to the success of this initiative.

We used a spatial absorbing Markov chain (SAMC) framework, which extends random walk theory and probabilistically accounts for both movement behaviour and mortality risk, to compare the viability of potential occupancy sites (public lands >500 km2 to minimally meet wolf pack range area). The SAMC framework produced spatially explicit predictions of wolf dispersal, philopatry and conflict risk ahead of recolonization prior to reintroduction efforts. Our SAMC model included: (1) movement resistance based on terrain, roads and housing density; (2) mortality risk and potential conflict (absorption) based on livestock presence, social tolerance, land ownership and state boundaries; and (3) site fidelity based on habitat quality. Using this model, we compared 21 public land units by deriving predictions of: (A) relative survival time outside each site, (B) intensity of use and retention time within each site and (C) the probability of use on adjacent public lands. We also predicted and mapped potential conflict hotspots associated with each site.

Among the units assessed, a complex of USFS Wilderness areas near Aspen, chiefly the Hunter‐Fryingpan and Collegiate Peaks Wilderness areas, had the best overall rankings when comparing predictions of each metric. The area balances high‐quality, well‐connected habitat with relatively low livestock density and high social tolerance.

Synthesis and applications. Our findings highlight the utility of the SAMC framework for assessing colonization areas and the capacity to identify locations for effective proactive management, especially of conflict prone species. The flexibility of the SAMC framework enables predicting likely areas of philopatry and human–wildlife conflict using spatially explicit metrics which can improve the success of conservation translocations and management of species with changing geographic extents.
Innovating fire safety with recombinant hydrophobic proteins for textile fire retardancy
Authors: Gilmour Katie A. , Arnadottir Thora H. , James Paul , Scott Jane , Jiang Yunhong , Dade‐Robertson Martyn , Zhang Meng
Published: September 2023

Fire retardancy for textiles is important to prevent the rapid spread of fire and minimize damage to property and harm to human life. To infer fire‐resistance on textile materials such as cotton or nylon, chemical coatings are often used. These chemicals are usually toxic, and economically and environmentally unsustainable, however, some naturally produced protein‐based fire retardants could be an alternative. A biofilm protein from Bacillus subtilis (BslA) was identified and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli with a double cellulose binding domain. It was then applied to a range of natural and synthetic fabric materials. A flame retardancy test found that use of BslA reduced fire damage by up to 51% and would pass fire retardancy testing according to British standards. It is therefore a viable and sustainable alternative to current industrial fire‐retardant coatings.
New Zealand: Political Developments and Data in 2022
Authors: BARKER FIONA , DREYER WILL
Published: September 2023

Politics in Aotearoa New Zealand continued to be dominated by COVID‐19 and its consequences in 2022. In the first quarter, the Omicron variant spread throughout the country. As community transmission of COVID‐19 became a part of regular life and the response framework was gradually dismantled, political attention shifted to emerging issues in crime and the cost of living. Pursuing at the same time several ambitious policy programmes, the government struggled to control the narrative and lost ground to the opposition in opinion polls. Popular support for government pandemic management, which had led it to the first single‐party majority government of the mixed‐member proportional system era in 2020, dissipated throughout 2022. The increasing divide in Aotearoa New Zealand was clearly demonstrated by the 23‐day occupation of the Parliament grounds, involving anti‐government, anti‐vaccine and anti‐mandate groups, as well as numerous conspiracy and fringe movements.
Challenges and opportunities in the implementation of advanced brachytherapy programs for cervical cancer in the Philippines
Authors: Bacorro Warren , Olonan Bianca Nikkola , Co Henri Cartier , Fineza‐Dela Cruz Anna Maria
Published: September 2023

Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer cause of morbidity and mortality in Filipino women; the age‐standardized annual incidence is 15.2 as of March 2023. The majority are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage and in the reproductive and working age group. This results in important treatment and productivity costs. The importance of image‐guided and interstitial brachytherapy (BRT) in local control and toxicity outcomes has been shown in recent meta‐analyses. We review the status of advanced BRT program training and implementation in the Philippines and important challenges and opportunities to move forward.
Upadacitinib effectiveness in moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis: A real‐life multicentre and retrospective study
Authors: Melgosa Ramos F. Javier , González‐Delgado Víctor , Motilla José María Sánchez , Marta Galarreta Pascual , Mateu Puchades Almudena , Sergio Santos Alarcón
Published: September 2023

This was an observational and retrospective multicentre study conducted on adolescents and adults diagnosed with moderate‐to‐severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and treated with upadacitinib. Disease severity was measured by Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI), validated investigator global assessment for AD and pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) at baseline and Weeks 4, 16, 24 and 52 (when available). Twenty‐one patients were included. All patients had previously received topical and systemic corticosteroids. Rapid response to upadacitinib was observed: Mean (SD) EASI score was 19.8 (6.5) at baseline, and 3.1 (4.2), 0.9 (1.4), 0.6 (0.6) and 0.6 (0.6) at the Weeks 4, 16, 24 and 52, respectively. Itch was controlled at Week 4 in all patients (mean [SD] NRS score 7.6 [1.9] baseline, 1.5 [1.3] W4). Severe infections or major adverse cardiovascular events were not reported. We highlight effectiveness and rapid response of upadacitinib in achieving itch control even in long‐standing recalcitrant cases.
Anger, Hatred, and Judgment in Aristotle's Rhetoric
Authors: Duff Alexander S.
Published: September 2023

Aristotle's analysis in the Rhetoric of the intelligibility of passionately angry political speech is an urgently needed addition to the ongoing scholarly reassessment of his relevance to democratic practices. Aristotle shows his readers—both orators and their auditors, citizens who might both rule and be ruled—that anger is prone to exaggeration and distortion and is therefore liable to be amplified into hatred. He shows further though that if instead of simply being exaggerated, anger is taken “seriously,” then a more sober and measured politics can ensue, one less destructive of a good legal order.
Gastric diverticulum: a contemporary review and update in management
Authors: Morris Paul David , Allaway Matthew G. R. , Mwagiru Derek Kamenju , Sinclair Jane‐Louise B. , Hollands Michael
Published: September 2023

Background

Gastric diverticula (GD) are the rarest form of gastrointestinal tract diverticulum, with an estimated incidence of 0.013–2.6%. GD are poorly understood and there are no established management guidelines. Only sparse updates have been published since the mid‐20th century. This paper reviews the current literature and provides some suggested guidelines for the management of GD.

Methods

A search of Medline via OvidSP and Google Scholar for ‘gastric diverticulum’ and associated synonyms from the year 1950 onwards was performed. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs), cohort and case–control studies, and case series. Full text, English language manuscripts on adult populations were included.

Results

A total of 103 manuscripts were included in the final selection – 77 individual case studies, 23 case series and three reviews. No RCTs, cohort or case–control studies were found. The case studies represent 305 patients, 50.8% female with average age 49.2 years (range 18–80). The most common symptom was abdominal pain (48.2%). The average maximum diameter was 3.97 cm (range 0.5–9). One hundred and four patients were managed operatively. Despite persistent recommendations in the literature that GD > 4 cm should be considered for resection, there are no data supporting this approach.

Conclusion

The evidence pertaining to the management of GD is sparse. The decision for operative management should be individualized and based primarily on the presence of symptoms or complications which may be directly attributable to the GD. Where surgery is indicated, a laparoscopic approach, potentially with intra‐operative gastroscopy, is appropriate.
First in human randomised trial of J2H‐1702: A novel 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor for non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis treatment
Authors: Kim Yun , Lee Shi‐Ra , Lee Sang Won
Published: September 2023

Background

11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1), which is an enzyme that converts cortisone to cortisol, plays a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and inflammation. J2H‐1702 is a novel 11β‐HSD1 inhibitor, and the inhibition of 11β‐HSD1 has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation, and prevent the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in preclinical models.

Aims

We aimed to assess the pharmacokinetics (PKs), pharmacodynamics (PDs), safety, and tolerability of J2H‐1702 after a single‐dose oral administration.

Methods

A randomised, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, single‐dose, dose‐escalation study was conducted on 50 healthy volunteers. Blood and urine samples were collected to assess the PK and PD of J2H‐1702.

Results

The peak plasma concentration of J2H‐1702 was observed at 2–2.9 h after a single‐dose oral administration. J2H‐1702 reduced 11β‐HSD1 activity compared to the placebo at all dose levels. The drug reached its maximal inhibitory effect within 12–24 h post‐dose administration, and the inhibitory effect was maintained till 1 day after administration of the study drug. The drug showed typical first‐order elimination kinetics, with a mean elimination half‐life of 9.8–14.7 h. Systemic exposure to J2H‐1702 increased in a dose‐dependent manner. J2H‐1702 was well tolerated after a single oral administration of up to 300 mg. A total of 11 treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in seven (14%) participants, all of which were mild and resolved spontaneously. The most common TEAE was diarrhoea (8%), followed by dizziness (4%).

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest that J2H‐1702 could be developed as an effective therapeutic option for NASH.
Self as a prior: The malleability of Bayesian multisensory integration to social salience
Authors: Scheller Meike , Fang Huilin , Sui Jie
Published: September 2023

Our everyday perceptual experiences are grounded in the integration of information within and across our senses. Due to this direct behavioural relevance, cross‐modal integration retains a certain degree of contextual flexibility, even to social relevance. However, how social relevance modulates cross‐modal integration remains unclear. To investigate possible mechanisms, Experiment 1 tested the principles of audio‐visual integration for numerosity estimation by deriving a Bayesian optimal observer model with perceptual prior from empirical data to explain perceptual biases. Such perceptual priors may shift towards locations of high salience in the stimulus space. Our results showed that the tendency to over‐ or underestimate numerosity, expressed in the frequency and strength of fission and fusion illusions, depended on the actual event numerosity. Experiment 2 replicated the effects of social relevance on multisensory integration from Scheller & Sui, 2022 JEP:HPP, using a lower number of events, thereby favouring the opposite illusion through enhanced influences of the prior. In line with the idea that the self acts like a prior, the more frequently observed illusion (more malleable to prior influences) was modulated by self‐relevance. Our findings suggest that the self can influence perception by acting like a prior in cue integration, biasing perceptual estimates towards areas of high self‐relevance.
Accuracy of intraoral scan with prefabricated aids and stereophotogrammetry compared with open tray impressions for complete‐arch implant‐supported prosthesis: A clinical study
Authors: Fu Xiao‐Jiao , Liu Min , Liu Bei‐Lei , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Shi Jun‐Yu , Lai Hong‐Chang
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The aim of this clinical study was to compare the accuracy of intraoral scan system (IOS) with prefabricated aids and stereophotogrammetry (SPG) compared with open tray implant impression (OI) for complete‐arch implant‐supported fixed dental prostheses (CIFDP).

Materials and methods

Patients needing CIFDP were enrolled in this study. OI, reference standard, IOS with prefabricated aids, and SPG were performed for each patient. Distance and angle deviations between all pairs of abutment analogs, root mean square (RMS) errors between the aligned test and reference model, and chairside time were measured. The effect of inter‐abutment distance, jaw (maxilla or mandible), number of implants, and arch length on deviations was analyzed. The mixed effect model was applied to analyze deviations and RMS errors.

Results

Fifteen consecutive individuals (6 females and 9 males, 47–77 years old) with 22 arches (9 upper and 13 lower jaws) and 115 implants were included. There was no significant difference in distance deviation comparing SPG and IOS with OI (p > .05). IOS showed a significantly greater angle deviation and RMS errors than SPG (median 0.40° vs. 0.31°, 69 μm vs. 45 μm, p < .01). The inter‐abutment distance was negatively correlated with the accuracy of SPG and IOS (p < .05). The chairside time for IOS, SPG, and OI was 10.49 ± 3.50, 14.71 ± 2.86, and 20.20 ± 3.01 min, respectively (p < .01).

Conclusions

The accuracy of SPG and IOS with prefabricated aids was comparable. IOS was the most efficient workflow.
Influenza vaccine contracts in developing nations—Coordination, flexibility, and vaccine coverage
Authors: Joshi Raunak , Basu Sumanta , Rosales Claudia , Adhikari Arnab
Published: September 2023

We study different contract mechanisms between a vaccine manufacturer (VM) and a vaccine procurement agency (VPA) to coordinate the two‐peak influenza vaccine supply chain. Motivated by the prevalent industry contracts, we study two hybrid contracts under budget constraints, which allow flexibility in deciding the contractual parameters between the VM and the VPA. We consider the case of both private (for‐profit) and public (not‐for‐profit) VPA and the impact of different objectives, such as profit and vaccine coverage, on contract choice. We show that for public VPAs or for private VPAs with low available budget, both hybrid contracts are equally preferred by VM and VPA. However, under high budget, the preferences of VPA and VM will differ. We then extend our models to consider the case of both private and public VPA coexisting in the market under both budget and vaccine availability constraints. Contrary to intuition, we find that the vaccine coverage provided by the public VPA is not always higher than the vaccine coverage provided by the private VPA, with the private VPA providing greater vaccine coverage under conditions of low budget and low vaccine availability. Our findings have important policy implications for governments of emerging economies with limited budget for mass vaccination programs.
Statistical learning and children's emergent literacy in rural Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Zinszer Benjamin D. , Hannon Joelle , Hu Anqi , Kouadio Aya Élise , Akpé Hermann , Tanoh Fabrice , Wang Madeleine , Qi Zhenghan , Jasińska Kaja
Published: September 2023

Studies of non‐linguistic statistical learning (SL) have often linked performance in SL tasks with differences in language outcomes. Most of these studies have focused on Western and high‐income educational contexts, but children worldwide learn in radically different educational systems and communities, and often in a second language. In the west African nation of Côte d'Ivoire, children enter fifth grade (CM‐1) with widely varying ages and literacy skills. Across three iteratively‐developed experiments, 157 children, age 8–15 years, in rural communities in the greater‐Adzópe region of Côte d'Ivoire watched sequences of cartoon images with embedded triplet patterns on touchscreen tablets, while performing a target‐detection task. We assessed these tablet‐based adaptations of non‐linguistic visual SL and asked whether the children's individual differences in performance on the SL tasks were related to their first and second language and literacy skills. We found group‐level evidence that children used the statistical regularities in the image sequence to gradually decrease their response times, but their responses on post‐test discrimination did not reflect this learning. When evaluating the correlation between SL and language skills, individual differences related to other task demands predicted oral language skills shared by first and second languages, while SL better predicted second language print skills. These findings suggest that non‐linguistic SL paradigms can measure similar skills in Ivorian children as previous samples, but they also echo recent calls for further cross‐cultural validation, greater internal reliability, and tests for confounding variables (such as processing speed) in studies of individual differences in statistical learning.

Research Highlights

We iteratively adapted three visual statistical learning studies for children in rural Côte d'Ivoire.

Group‐level analyses indicates that the children learn the underlying statistical regularities.

Individual‐differences analyses reveal some evidence that the statistical learning measure is also correlated with task demands that may be driven by cross‐cultural differences.

Like previous research, statistical learning is correlated with second language literacy, but we did not find a relationship between SL and oral language skills in first and second languages.
The effects of warm and cold periods on resource depletion and emergence synchrony in diapausing Hypena opulenta: Implications for biological control of invasive swallow‐worts in North America
Authors: Jones Ian M. , Seehausen M. Lukas , Smith Sandy M. , Bourchier Robert S.
Published: September 2023

Temperature plays an important role in winter diapause of temperate insects. Its effects can cause problems for biological control programs, both for the establishment of insects in novel climates and for the mass rearing of insects in the laboratory. Hypena opulenta (Christoph) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), a biological control agent for invasive swallow‐wort species in North America, has been observed to enter diapause in mid‐summer in its introduced range. Additionally, H. opulenta has proved complicated to mass‐rear, in part because individuals sometimes enter diapause unexpectedly, meaning that diapausing pupae may need to be stored over winter for varying lengths of time. We conducted pupal storage experiments to determine the effects of high pre‐winter temperatures, like those experienced by early diapausing individuals in the field, on lipid store depletion. We conducted a second experiment to compare the effects of cold treatments of different lengths (1, 3, and 6 months), during diapause, on pupal mortality, development times, and the synchrony of adult emergence. Exposure to warm periods ranging from 25 to 75 days during early diapause did not affect pupal weight, adult emergence rates, or lipid store depletion in H. opulenta. Conversely, the length of cold exposure (between 1 and 6 months) during diapause clearly affected moth mortality, and the timing and consistency of adult emergence. Longer cold periods (3 and 6 months) resulted in earlier, more synchronous adult emergence, and lower diapause mortality, than shorter cold periods (1 month). Our results indicate that in terms of energy depletion, early diapause will not affect the fitness of emerging adults, which is important for the viability of univoltine populations in the southernmost part of the introduced range. Additionally, our results will assist with the H. opulenta mass rearing program, indicating the timing required to synchronize adult emergence.
Recent developments and future trends in fatigue life assessment of additively manufactured metals with particular emphasis on machine learning modeling
Authors: Zhan Zhixin , He Xiaofan , Tang Dingcheng , Dang Linwei , Li Ao , Xia Qianyu , Berto Filippo , Li Hua
Published: September 2023

Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a very promising technology for producing complex metallic components with enhanced design flexibility. However, the mechanical properties and fatigue behavior of AM metals differ significantly from conventionally manufactured materials, thereby presenting challenges in accurately predicting their fatigue life. This study provides a comprehensive overview of recent developments and future trends in fatigue life prediction of AM metals, with a particular emphasis on machine learning (ML) modeling techniques. This review recalls recent developments and achievements in fatigue characteristics of AM metals, ML‐based approaches for fatigue life prediction of AM metals, and non‐ML‐based methodologies for the same purpose. In particular, some commonly used regression and classification techniques for fatigue evaluation of AM metals are summarized and elaborated. The study intends to furnish researchers, engineers, and practitioners in the field of AM with a guidance for the accurate and efficient prediction of fatigue life in AM metal components.
The presence and absence of race in world language education literature
Authors: Daniel Bethany
Published: September 2023

World language (WL) education has the potential to shift perspectives toward equity. To accomplish this, the field must consider how it is situated within societal systems that perpetuate racial inequity. This systematic historical analysis of literature examined how the termraceand related terms appeared historically in a set of primary journals in WL education. Drawing on literature from race and critical whiteness studies, the article presents a conceptual framework used to analyze articles that referenced race‐related terms in the publication histories of 11 WL journals. Using textual content and thematic analysis, the articles illuminated ways in which systemic whiteness operates in WL education. Findings suggest that individual actions and coordinated efforts to shift policies and practice may help the field move toward greater racial equity.
Land use decouples parasite–metazoan host biodiversity associations in soils across subtropical and temperate zones in China
Authors: Li Zhi‐Peng , Geisen Stefan , Shangguan Hua‐Yuan , Tiunov Alexei V. , Scheu Stefan , Zhu Yong‐Guan , Sun Xin
Published: September 2023

Aim

Soils harbour a large number of unicellular eukaryotic parasites of metazoans, particularly Apicomplexa. Apicomplexan distribution, their associations with hosts, and impacts of human‐dominated land use are little studied. We aimed to fill this gap by a biodiversity survey across large spatial scales.

Location

China.

Time period

May to September 2021.

Major taxa studied

Soil Apicomplexa and Metazoa

Methods

We used metabarcoding to investigate the biogeography of and links between Apicomplexa and soil Metazoa in three human‐dominated ecosystem types (farmlands, residential areas and parks) and more natural forest ecosystems across subtropical, warm‐temperate and mid‐temperate climatic regions in China.

Results

Human‐dominated land use indirectly reduced apicomplexan taxon richness by reducing metazoan taxon richness. However, the richness reduction of parasites was generally more pronounced in subtropical and mid‐temperate regions than in the warm‐temperate region. Mechanisms driving the richness reduction of parasites also differed between climatic regions, with the reduction in the subtropical region less related to the decrease in metazoan richness than in the mid‐temperate region. Human‐dominated ecosystems reduced richness associations between parasites and Metazoa, and this disrupted the cascading effect of climatic factors from metazoan to parasite communities. Moreover, co‐occurrence analyses showed that metazoan taxa more abundant in human‐dominated land‐use systems with dryer and hotter conditions were less likely associated with apicomplexan taxa.

Main conclusions

We conclude that decreased host taxon richness is an important, but not the only driver of reduced parasite taxon richness in soil systems. Apicomplexan richness was largely decoupled from metazoan richness in human‐dominated ecosystems, which emphasizes the important role of human activities in rewiring fundamental ecological patterns with global change. Overall, the results advance our understanding of principle characteristics of and interactions in soil communities, and their response to human activities, especially agriculture and urbanization.
Topography, sedimentology, and biochronology of carbonate deposits on seamounts in the JA area, northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Iryu Yasufumi , Hino Hikari , Takayanagi Hideko , Sato Tokiyuki , Okamoto Nobuyuki , Suzuki Akiko , Fujimaki Yuho , Usui Akira
Published: September 2023

Sedimentological and biochronological analyses were undertaken on carbonate deposits from 20 seamounts belonging to the Marcus–Wake Seamount Group, the Magellan Seamounts, and the Marshall Islands Seamounts in the JA area, northwestern Pacific Ocean. Deposition of carbonates on the JA seamounts varied markedly with age. The oldest carbonate deposits are Lower to middle Cretaceous shallow‐water limestones containing mollusks (including rudists), scleractinian corals, and calcareous sponges. Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene carbonates are rare, and no Oligocene carbonates may exist. In contrast, Eocene foraminiferal packstones are widespread, and Miocene–Pleistocene foraminiferal ooze covers the JA seamounts. The limited occurrence of Paleogene carbonate deposits on the JA seamounts is consistent with global observations (i.e., a paucity of Paleogene carbonates). The Cretaceous–Eocene carbonates have been phosphatized, whereas Miocene and later limestones have not. This fact, along with the results of previous studies, suggests that carbonate rocks on seamounts were phosphatized globally during the Oligocene. Upwelling of nutrient‐rich bottom waters during this time is likely responsible for the limited occurrence of Oligocene carbonate rocks on the JA seamounts. The thicknesses of the pelagic caps, which consist mainly of Miocene and younger foraminiferal oozes, varies among the seamounts and depends at least partly on the topography of the top of the seamount.
Perceptions on dynamics and mobilities in the Triple Border between Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay
Authors: Zsögön Maria Cecilia
Published: September 2023

This study seeks to contribute to the ongoing discussion on border dynamics, mobilities and migration. It focuses on the perceptions around these categories in the Triple Border between Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay, also known as tri‐border area or triple frontier. This region is characterized by contrasting elements, including poverty, inequality and abundant natural resources, as well as a significant flow of people and goods, which may not always conform to legal frameworks. We combine the ethnographic approach with a broader regional perspective, necessary to contextualize the strategies implemented by local population in order to capitalize on the presence of the international frontiers. Finally, we discuss the limitations of public policies that fail to reach those living in the material and symbolic borders of society.
The therapeutic relationship from the perspective of patients and nurses in the first days of admission: A cross‐sectional study in acute mental health units
Authors: El‐Abidi Khadija , Moreno‐Poyato Antonio R. , Cañabate‐Ros Montserrat , Garcia‐Sanchez Juan A. , Lluch‐Canut M. Teresa , Muñoz‐Ruoco Estibaliz , Pérez‐Moreno Juan J. , Pita‐De‐La‐Vega Javier , Puig‐Llobet Montserrat , Rubia‐Ruiz Gemma , Santos‐Pariente Carolina , López Ana Maria Rodríguez , Golmar Laura Jardón , López Cristina Esquinas , Roldán‐Merino Juan F.
Published: September 2023

The therapeutic relationship (TR) is essential in mental health nursing care and plays a fundamental role in the understanding and treatment of the patient's health status. Despite being a bidirectional construct, limited evidence is available to shed light on this issue in mental health units and even less so in the first days of admission. This study aimed to examine the association and differences between nurses' and patients' perspectives on the establishment of the therapeutic relationship in acute mental health units during the first days of hospitalization. A cross‐sectional study was carried out in 12 Spanish mental health units. Data were collected from patients and nurses using the Working Alliance Inventory‐Short (WAI‐S) questionnaire. A total of 234 cases were analysed, including 234 patients and 58 nurses. The results showed a positive association between nurses' and patients' perspectives on the therapeutic relationship, but also revealed significant differences on each WAI‐S dimension. Nurses assigned higher scores compared to patients on the perception of the quality of the therapeutic relationship. The dimensions with the greatest weight from the patients' perspective regarding the quality of the therapeutic relationship were the perception of greater agreement on goals and tasks among nurses. This study demonstrates the importance of establishing shared goals and tasks with nurses from the first days of hospitalization to improve the quality of the therapeutic relationship as perceived by patients. These findings underline the need to consider the different perspectives of both parties to promote a high‐quality therapeutic relationship.
Single and Multispecies Cover Crop Effects on Corn Production and Economic Returns
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaur Gurpreet , Singh Gurbir , Dhillon Jagmandeep S. , Ashwell Nicolas Quintana
Published: September 2023

The adoption of cover crops (CCs) has gained popularity in the continuous corn (Zea mays L.) production system due to their multiple benefits including scavenging or fixing nitrogen (N) in the soil. However, a CC's ability to develop early cover, scavenge N, and provide N to the following cash crop is species‐dependent and affected by environment. A field study was conducted in three diverse environments to determine growth characteristics of nine CC treatments (i.e., monocultures or mixes of grasses, legumes, and brassica), and their effect on the following corn crop was compared to no cover crop treatment (noCC). Cover crops significantly differed for above‐ground biomass, plant tissue carbon (C) and N concentrations, carbon to nitrogen ratio (C/N), and total N uptake (TNU). Among monocultures, grasses had the highest biomass and C/N ratio, and legumes had the highest N concentrations and TNU. Corn grain yield was highest following radish, whereas lowest corn yield was found following cereal rye + crimson clover mix in environment 1. Cover crops varied for C/N ratios in all three environments, but only affected corn plant height (PH) and grain yield in one environment. Cover crops belonging to the same species also exhibit different responses for characteristics measured, depending upon the environment. The expected returns were also variable, especially in CC mixes. The study provides valuable information on the species‐specific functionality of CCs in continuous corn under variable environmental conditions. The information will benefit future studies to explore a high diversity mixture of CCs that may outperform across all three environments.
Opinions on Irrigation Water Management Tools and Alternative Irrigation Sources by Farmers from the Delta Region of Mississippi
Authors: Singh Gurbir , Ashwell Nicolas E. Quintana , Kaur Gurpreet , Gholson Drew , Locke Martin A. , Krutz L.J. , Cooke Trey
Published: September 2023

Water withdrawals for irrigation at an unsustainable rate resulted in a decline in the groundwater levels in the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer (MRVAA) in the central southern USA. This drawdown of groundwater threatens agricultural production in the Mississippi Delta, an important agricultural region in the state of Mississippi, USA. Effective and efficient use of available resources is important to sustain and enhance agricultural productivity in this area. This study assessed the opinions of farmers on water conservation management practices and technologies that improve irrigation management and save water in the Mississippi Delta region based on data collected in an irrigation survey conducted in 2012. Most landowners believed that water conservation practices were effective in reducing irrigation water use without reducing maximum crop yields and have a positive return on investment. Land forming, tailwater recovery system, on‐farm storage, instream weirs to pond surface water, computerized hole selection for furrow irrigation, short irrigation runs, and irrigation scheduling were considered efficient water conservation technologies by landowners. Perceptions about use of different practices also depend upon the crops produced by the respondents. About 20 to 24% and 14.9 to 86% of survey respondents thought that on‐farm storage and center pivot, respectively, were inefficient water conservation practices for irrigating crops in the Mississippi Delta. The adoption of these practices may be increased if the landowners know the economic returns of implementing them.
Agri‐food supply chain resilience strategies for preparing, responding, recovering, and adapting in relation to unexpected crisis: A cross‐country comparative analysis from the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Zhao Guoqing , Vazquez‐Noguerol Mar , Liu Shaofeng , Prado‐Prado J. Carlos
Published: September 2023

Researchers and practitioners insist on equipping supply chains with the adaptive capability to return to a more desirable state after being disrupted. Various resilience capabilities have been emphasized in the literature; however, limited research has linked them to resilience phases and cultural value orientations. Moreover, preparedness and adaption phases have hardly been studied. To address these gaps, we adopted middle‐range theory to investigate agri‐food supply chain (AFSC) resilience to the COVID‐19 crisis in a cross‐country setting. Data were collected from interviews with AFSC practitioners from China and Spain, followed by thematic and comparative analyses. The results indicate that frequently discussed resilience capabilities, such as collaboration, redundancy, flexibility, leadership, and innovation, were implemented across the preparedness, response and recovery, and adaption phases; however, successful AFSC recovery also depends on each country's cultural value orientations. A hierarchical cultural orientation generates sense‐making and collectiveness and further leads to synergy across all AFSC stakeholders, thereby contributing to AFSC response and recovery. Under an egalitarianism cultural orientation that places self‐interest ahead of group goals, organizations are encouraged to make decisions based on their own situational understanding, which contributes to their response and recovery. This study also provides theoretical contributions and managerial and policy implications.
Predicting late‐onset preeclampsia by detecting ELABELA content using an immunochromatographic colloidal gold test strip
Authors: Yang Na , Liu Kangsheng , Zhang Wenli , Li Ying , Shen Suqin , Lu Chuanchuan , Xu Kai , Peng Wei , Deng Cheng , Chen Meilin , Yang Lindong , Lai Shanshan
Published: September 2023

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder that seriously affects the outcome of mothers and infants and lacks effective prediction and diagnosis methods. ELABELA is the second endogenous ligand of the apelin receptor (APJ) and is associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. In a previous study, the authors found that the downregulation of ELABELA expression is closely related to late‐onset preeclampsia, which may be a marker for the clinical diagnosis of late‐onset preeclampsia. In this study, the authors again collected 120 maternal blood samples, including 60 pregnant women with a medical diagnosis of late‐onset preeclampsia. ELISA results showed that the serum ELABELA concentration in late‐onset preeclampsia pregnant women (12.57 ± 7.77 ng/mL) was significantly lower than that in normal pregnant women (36.99 ± 23.58 ng/mL), which was consistent with previously reported results. Therefore, the authors used an ELABELA monoclonal antibody to label four colloidal gold nanoparticles with different diameters (15, 30, 55, and 150 nm) and developed a transverse‐flow immunochromatographic band for the rapid and accurate detection of serum ELABELA levels. The strip test shows that colloidal gold with a diameter of 30 nm can be used as a good ELABELA detection marker and had more than 90% positive detection effect. Therefore, the authors hope that the colloidal gold strip with ELABELA as the diagnostic index developed by us will be popularized and applied in clinical diagnosis.
Postharvest engineering: Effects of drying and storage operations on the quality of processed soybeans
Authors: Lima Roney Eloy , Rodrigues Dágila Melo , dos Santos Maicon Sérgio Nascimento , Coradi Paulo Carteri
Published: September 2023

Sustainable production involves adapting processes and reducing losses in the post‐harvest, processing, and industrialization stages of soybean. Currently, the scientific literature has a range of studies that address post‐harvest losses and the technologies and procedures necessary to manage these processes. However, there is a knowledge gap about the approach to soybean and the entire production chain that involves it. This review established a detailed and comprehensive study of soybean post‐harvest processes, with a broad discussion on the performance of different techniques and technologies applied during the drying, storage, and processing dynamics of the soybean.

Practical Applications

The post‐harvest stages aim the conservation of the grains quality and the reduction of losses, constituting a link between the primary production sector, industry, and the consumer market, with important participation in the logistics of the production chain. In this review, the current scenario of post‐harvest and soybean processing was characterized, based on a survey of scientific studies that demonstrated the technological evolution in the area and the advances necessary to achieve maximum efficiency in the sector. The review conducted indicated the possibilities for further studies and decision‐making in research in post‐harvest and processing engineering and the updated adoption of control parameters applied to the industry.
Removal of trichlorfon and phoxim from pak choi (Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis) by combined ultrasonic and ozone treatment and their effects on quality
Authors: Yuan Shaofeng , Yu Hang , Guo Yahui , Xie Yunfei , Cheng Yuliang , Qian He , Yao Weirong
Published: September 2023

The effect of ultrasound, ozone, and their combination treatment on the removal of two common pesticides (trichlorfon and phoxim) in pak choi samples was studied in this work. The results showed that both ultrasound and ozone treatment alone can significantly remove trichlorfon and phoxim residues in pak choi (>90%), but they reduced the quality of pak choi (such as vitamin C and color). Ultrasound and ozone had a synergistic effect on the removal of pesticide residues in pak choi. The synergistic effect of combined treatment was evaluated from the perspective of pesticide removal speed, and found that their combination significantly accelerated the removal of pesticides. Compared with ultrasound or ozone alone, the removal rate constant of trichlorfon by the combined treatment increased by 121% and 347%, and that of phoxim increased by 159% and 367%, respectively. In addition, the combined treatment of ultrasound and ozone can well maintain the vitamin C and color of pak choi while removing pesticides. Therefore, the combined treatment of ultrasound and ozone can be used as an effective cleaning method to remove pesticide residues in vegetables.

Practical applications

Reducing pesticide residues in vegetables is of great significance to human health, and how to maintain the quality of vegetables as much as possible while removing pesticides is a key issue. In this study, the combination of ultrasound and ozone significantly accelerated the removal of pesticides, and retained the vitamin C and color of pak choi well. Therefore, the combined application of ultrasound and ozone has the potential to be an industrial cleaning method for removing pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables without compromising quality.
Cuidando la Patagonia Azul: Prácticas y estrategias de los pueblos originarios para curar las zonas marinas del sur de Chile
Authors: Araos Francisco , Catalán Emilia , Nuñez David , Riquelme Wladimir , Cortinez Valentina , de Fina Débora , Anbleyth‐Evans Jeremy
Published: September 2023

The Chilean Blue Patagonia is an essential space for marine life and a global center of the aquaculture industry. Over the last few years, several socio‐environmental crises and conflicts have marked its development, highlighting the impacts of salmon farming on marine habitats and the livelihoods of local communities. To face this critical scenario, the indigenous peoples have created the Indigenous Marine Areas (ECMPO), a protection figure which safeguards their livelihoods and preserves the ecosystems that sustain them. Based on ethnographic information, the work analyzes care practices and strategies of indigenous peoples, the vital paths of abundance, health and illness of the livelihoods, the other‐than‐human agencies' roles in the production of care narratives and behaviors, and the territorial dynamics of the ECMPOs.
Monetary Policy and Mispricing in Stock Markets
Authors: BECKERS BENJAMIN , BERNOTH KERSTIN
Published: September 2023

We investigate the role of monetary policy in stock price misalignments and explore whether central banks can attenuate excessive mispricing as suggested by the proponents of a “leaning against the wind” monetary policy. Decomposing stock prices into expected excess dividends, an equity risk premium, and a mispricing component, we find that prices fall more strongly in response to an increase in the policy rate than what is implied by their underlying fundamentals. This systematic overreaction suggests that tighter monetary policy may contain emerging asset price misalignments. Our findings are at odds with the predictions of a rational bubble framework, but can be explained by mispricing arising from false subjective expectations of irrational investors.
Sleep bruxism in children and adolescents—A scoping review
Authors: Huynh Nelly , Fabbro Cibele Dal
Published: September 2023

Background and Objective

This review paper focuses on sleep bruxism (SB) in children and adolescents. It aims to assess the landscape of knowledge published in the last 20 years.

Methods

A total of 144 relevant publications from 386 previously identified through Medline were included, of which 83 were on possible SB, 37 on probable SB, 20 on definite SB and 4 were non‐applicable. The review places emphasis on the recent evidence on prevalence, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of SB in children and adolescents, with special focus on probable and definitive SB.

Results

The prevalence ranges from 5% to 50% depending on the age range and on the SB diagnosis (possible, probable or definitive). The pathophysiology is multifactorial, arousal associated and with behavioural problems and sleep disorders (obstructive sleep apnoea, snoring, nightmares) as risk factors, as well as respiratory conditions (allergies, oral breathing). Screening should include questionnaires and dental assessment. Instrumental recording is helpful to confirm diagnosis although more studies are needed to validate this approach in children. SB management includes controlling orofacial and dental consequences and assessing for any other comorbidity. Management options include occlusal splints, oral appliances (advancement mandibular), rapid maxillary expansion and some medications, although this last option is supported by limited evidences in children.

Conclusion

Suggestions of future topics in research are delivered to better understand comorbidities, diagnosis and management with improved outcomes compared to what is currently available.
A theory of the city‐state: The rise and decline of the rule of law in Medieval Italy
Authors: Piano Ennio E.
Published: September 2023

We leverage theoretical insights from political economy to study several aspects of the institutional development of the Italian city‐states during the High Middle Ages (1000–1350). A society's regime type depends on its domestic balance of power. When the ruled can credibly threaten to punish a rogue ruler, the rule of law prevails. If the ruler can easily overpower the ruled, despotism results instead. The transition from one regime to the other results when exogenous shocks and endogenous dynamics disturb the prevailing balance of power. This framework accounts for the rise and eventual decline of rule of law regimes in the towns of central and northern Italy between the 10th and 14th centuries.