bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Volumetric evolution of supraglacial lakes in southwestern Greenland using ICESat-2 and Sentinel-2
Authors: Feng Tiantian , Ma Xinyu , Liu Xiaomin
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Surface meltwater runoff has been the primary factor affecting the trends and interannual variations in the mass balance of the Greenland Ice Sheet. During the melting season, large amounts of surface meltwater accumulate in low-lying areas, forming supraglacial lakes (SGLs). Quantitatively characterizing the spatial and temporal changes in the volume of SGLs can provide further insights into the surface mass balance changes of the ice sheet during the melt season. In this paper, we propose a method for estimating the volume of SGLs by combining optical imagery (Sentinel-2) and satellite altimetry data (ICESat-2). First, the area of SGLs is extracted using a Random Forest (RF) model based on spectral features from Sentinel-2 imagery, achieving an Intersection over Union (IoU) of 90.20 % compared to manually delineated lake extents. Second, the depth of SGLs along the ICESat-2 profile is detected using the kernel density analysis method. Finally, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) model constructs the nonlinear relationship between the reflectance ratio from Sentinel-2 imagery and the depth of SGLs detected by ICESat-2 data. The accuracy of depth inversion based on the MLP model surpasses traditional empirical formula methods, achieving a mean absolute error of 0.42 m. The trained MLP model is then used to estimate the depth over the entire lake areas. The proposed volume estimation method for SGLs is applied to southwestern Greenland, capturing the volumetric evolution of SGLs throughout the entire melt season of 2022. The results reveal significant variations in the distribution, area, depth, and volume of SGLs throughout the melt season. Initially, SGLs form along the coastlines and later spread inland, expanding in area and depth. The maximum total volume of SGLs is reached on August 1st, amounting to 9.30 × 108 m3. Afterward, SGLs above 1200 m continue to increase in volume, while SGLs below 1200 m begin to decrease. In late August, as the melt season draws to a close, SGLs diminish and retreat to coastal regions, with a notable reduction in volume. Additionally, according to the evolution characteristics of SGLs at different elevations, SGLs above 800 m exhibit a similar evolution pattern. A temporal discrepancy is observed in the attainment of maximum values for both mean area and mean depth, implying a differential rate of development of SGLs in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. The elevation range of 1200 m to 1600 m is the most favorable for the evolution of SGLs.
Low sensitivity of a heavily-calcified coccolithophore under increasing CO2: the case study of Helicosphaera carteri
Authors: Bianco Stefania , Bordiga Manuela , Langer Gerald , Ziveri Patrizia , Cerino Federica , Di Giulio Andrea Stefano , Lupi Claudia
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Studies on CO2 effects on coccolithophores, unicellular calcifying phytoplankton, show species-specific responses, although only less than 5 % of the ~280 living species have been tested so far. Helicosphaera carteri significantly contributes to carbon fluxes and CaCO3 storage due to its size and high calcite production. Despite its importance, few studies have examined H. carteri under experimental conditions, and only one has addressed the effects of rising CO2/decreasing pH. Being H. carteri a large-sized, obligated calcifier species, an important aspect to understand is how changes in seawater carbonate chemistry may affect its morphology. It has already been suggested for other coccolithophores species, that the presence of malformed coccoliths may represent a disadvantage for these organisms. Moreover, an alteration in coccolith morphology may affect their contribution to CaCO3 sedimentation and ballasting. As for H. carteri, it has also been suggested that due to its high PIC:POC ratio, the species could show a high-sensitivity to CO2 rise. In this study, we investigate for the first time whether high pCO2/low pH does affect the morphology of H. carteri coccoliths, by culturing this species under pre-industrial CO2 levels (~295 µatm) and ~600 µatm, i.e., the SSP 2-4.5 scenario for 2100 (IPCC, 2021). We also analyzed cellular PIC and POC quotas using morphometric data, roundness, and protoplast and coccosphere size to observe the pCO2 influence on the calcification and photosynthesis ratio. Our results indicate that H. carteri morphology is only slightly affected by increasing CO2, in contrast to other heavily calcified species. Helicosphaera carteri protoplast and coccosphere shapes did not vary with changes in CO2, indicating unaltered general health. The low PIC:POC ratio found in this work for H. carteri compared to ratios previously measured in the same strain under different experimental conditions, and compared to other highly-calcified species, could explain the observed low sensitivity of H. carteri to CO2. Moreover, the observation of a stable ratio between calcification and photosynthesis in H. carteri under increasing CO2 might suggest a constant contribution to the rain ratio under climate change. However, further studies comparing experimental and field data from past ocean acidification events will be required to confirm the conclusions drawn here.
Porting the Meso-NH atmospheric model on different GPU architectures for the next generation of supercomputers (version MESONH-v55-OpenACC)
Authors: Escobar Juan , Wautelet Philippe , Pianezze Joris , Pantillon Florian , Dauhut Thibaut , Barthe Christelle , Chaboureau Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2024

Abstract. The advent of heterogeneous supercomputers with multi-core central processing units (CPUs) and graphics processing units (GPUs) requires geoscientific codes to be adapted to these new architectures. Here we describe the porting of the Meso-NH version 5.5 community weather research code to GPUs named MESONH-v55-OpenACC, with guaranteed bit reproducibility thanks to its own MPPDB_CHECK library. This porting includes the use of OpenACC directives, specific memory management, communications optimization, development of a geometric multigrid solver and creation of an in-house preprocessor. Performance on AMD MI250X GPU Adastra platform shows up to 6.0× speedup (4.6x on NVIDIA A100 Leonardo platform), and achieves a gain of a factor 2.3 in energy efficiency compared to AMD Genoa CPU Adastra platform, using the same configuration with 64 nodes. The code is even 17.8 faster by halving the precision and quadrupling the nodes with a gain in energy efficiency of a factor 1.3. First scientific simulations of three representative storms using 128 GPUs nodes of Adastra show successful cascade of scales for horizontal grid spacing down to 100 m and grid size up to 2.1 billion points. For one of these storms, Meso-NH is also successfully coupled to the WAVEWATCH III wave model via the OASIS3-MCT coupler without any extra computational cost. This GPU porting paves the way for Meso-NH to be used on future European exascale machines.
Ocean wave spectra bias correction through energy conservation for climate change impacts
Authors: Lira Loarca Andrea , Besio Giovanni
Published: October 2024

Abstract. A novel bias-adjustment technique for the 2D directional wave spectra is presented, which accounts for the intraannual temporal variability of waves and the conservation of the wave energy integrated parameter and its extreme distribution, allowing for shifts in frequency and direction given by the GCM-RCM climate signal for the complete multimodal energy distribution. This work represents a first attempt to address the biases inherent in GCM-RCMs wave spectra simulations for an assessment of the magnitudes of the projected changes under a climate change scenario. The bias-correction method is applied to a multi-model ensemble of seventeen EURO-CORDEX regional simulations of wave spectra in eleven locations of the Mediterranean Sea. Climate change impacts are assessed by means of the changes between the bias-adjusted ensemble and hindcast wave spectra for mid-century conditions from 2034 until 2060 and end-of-century from 2064 until 2100. Results highlight the need for novel bias-correction techniques that address the complexity of the possible directional and frequency shifts due to climate change, in order to provide an accurate assessment of projected future changes in wave climate.
Development of a Forced Advection Sampling Technique (FAST) for Quantification of Methane Emissions from Orphaned Wells
Authors: Dubey Mohit L. , Santos Andre , Moyes Andrew B. , Reichl Ken , Lee James E. , Dubey Manvendra K. , LeYhuelic Corentin , Variano Evan , Follansbee Emily , Chow Fotini K. , Biraud Sébastien C.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Orphaned wells, meaning wells lacking responsible owners, pose a significant and poorly understood environmental challenge due to their vast number and unknown associated emissions. We propose, develop, and test a novel method for estimating emissions from orphaned wells using a Forced Advection Sampling Technique (FAST) that can overcome many of the limitations in current methods (cost, accuracy, safety). In contrast to existing ambient Gaussian plume methods, our approach uses a fan-generated flow to create a jet between the emission source and a point methane (CH4) sensor. The fan flow field is characterized using a collocated sonic anemometer to measure the 3D wind profile generated by the fan. Using time-series measurements of CH4 concentration and wind, a simple estimate of the CH4 emission rate of the source can be inferred. The method was calibrated using outdoor controlled release experiments and then tested on four orphaned wells in Lufkin, TX, and Osage County, OK. Our results suggest that the FAST method can provide a low-cost, portable, fast and safe alternative to existing methods with reasonable estimates of orphaned well emissions over a range of leak rates.
Controls on brGDGT distributions in the suspended particulate matter of the seasonally anoxic water column of Rotsee
Authors: Ajallooeian Fatemeh , Dubois Nathalie , Ladd Sarah Nemiah , Lever Mark Alexander , Schubert Carsten Johnny , De Jonge Cindy
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Developing reliable methods for quantifying past temperature changes is essential for understanding Earth's climate evolution and predicting future climatic shifts. The degree of methylation of branched tetraethers (MBT’5ME), of branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs), a group of bacterial membrane lipids, has become a widely accepted tool for lacustrine paleothermometry. To allow this, an empirical calibration was developed, based on MBT’5ME values of surface sediments across large spatial scales. As these sediments integrate variability across several years to decades, the sensitivity of MBT’5ME to seasonal and short-term environmental changes in the water column remains underexplored. Here, we present a record of brGDGTs in suspended particulate matter (SPM) from a monomictic, eutrophic temperate lake (Rotsee, Switzerland) over a 10-month period, examining both core lipids and intact polar lipids. Rotsee offers an ideal setting for this study due to its strong seasonal variations in temperature, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen caused by summer warming and associated stratification. In the oxic epilimnion, a minor increase in MBT'5ME during stratified summer months was caused by a rise in brGDGT Ia concentration. A similar increase in concentration of 6-methyl brGDGTs indicates a sensitivity to water temperature. In the seasonally anoxic hypolimnion, MBT'5ME correlated with water pH rather than temperature, suggesting that water chemistry influences this ratio, complicating its use as a temperature proxy. The production of intact polar lipid (IPL) tetraethers was observed exclusively in the anoxic hypolimnion during stratification, confirming anoxia as a key trigger for IPL tetraether production. Surface sediment samples along a depth gradient have a distinct depth-dependent distribution. Sediments below the oxic water column showed lower MBT'5ME values, likely due to the sedimentary production of brGDGTs IIa and IIIa. Sediments from seasonally anoxic areas reflected average epilimnion SPM values, suggesting the deposition of epilimnion brGDGTs into the sediments. This study of brGDGTs in Rotsee SPM and sediments thus indicates that temperature, pH and oxygen concentration impact GDGT distribution, with significant implications for using MBT'5ME as a temperature proxy in sediments from stratified lakes.
Crop-specific management history of phosphorus fertilizer input (CMH-P) in the croplands of the United States: reconciliation of top-down and bottom-up data sources
Authors: Cao Peiyu , Yi Bo , Bilotto Franco , Gonzalez Fischer Carlos , Herrero Mario , Lu Chaoqun
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Understanding and assessing the spatiotemporal patterns in crop-specific phosphorus (P) fertilizer management are crucial for enhancing crop yield and mitigating environmental problems. The existing P fertilizer dataset, derived from sales data, depicts an average application rate over total cropland at the county level but overlooks cross-crop variations. Conversely, the survey-based dataset offers crop-specific application details at the state level yet lacks inter-state variability. By reconciling these two datasets, we developed long-term gridded maps to characterize crop-specific P fertilizer application rates, timing, and methods across the contiguous US at a resolution of 4 km × 4 km from 1850 to 2022. We found that P fertilizer application rate over fertilized areas in the US increased from 0.9 g P m−2 yr−1 in 1940 to 1.9 g P m−2 yr−1 in 2022, with substantial variations among crops. However, approximately 40 % of cropland nationwide has remained unfertilized in the recent decade. The hotspots for P fertilizer use have shifted from the southeastern and eastern US to the Midwest and the Great Plains over the past century, reflecting changes in cropland area, crop choices, and P fertilizer use across different crops. Pre-planting (fall and spring) and broadcast application are prevalent among corn, soybean, and cotton in the Midwest and the Southeast, indicating a high P loss risk in these regions. In contrast, wheat and barley in the Great Plains receive the most intensive P fertilization at planting and via non-broadcast application. The P fertilizer management dataset developed in this study can advance our comprehension of agricultural P budgets and facilitate the refinement of best P fertilizer management practices to optimize crop yield and to reduce P loss. Datasets are available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10700821 (Cao et al., 2024).
Wave forecast investigations on downscaling, source terms, and tides for Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Santana Rafael , Gorman Richard , Lane Emily , Moore Stuart , Bosserelle Cyprien , Reeve Glen , Rautenbach Christo
Published: October 2024

Abstract. This study evaluates the effects of downscaling, source terms, and tidal interactions on numerical wave forecasts in Aotearoa New Zealand. We utilised a set of three nested domains (from global to regional scale) to examine significant wave height (Hs), mean period (Tm01), and peak wave direction at two coastal locations, Banks Peninsula and Baring Head. Downscaling markedly improved forecast accuracy at Baring Head, a tidally constricted region, reducing Hs forecast error by 25 %. However, improvements at Banks Peninsula were minimal, likely due to its open coast characteristics which are adequately represented even by lower resolution models. Source term enhancements using default ST6 parameters generally improved Hs predictions on the west coast but worsened them on the east, indicating a geographical dependency in model performance. This variability was also evident in the Tm01 predictions, with notable improvements in bias reduction through model downscaling, particularly at Baring Head. Tidal influences were significant, especially at Baring Head, where they enhanced the forecast accuracy of wave height and direction due to the strong tidal currents characteristic of this location. In contrast, at Banks Peninsula, tidal effects were less pronounced. The study underscores the importance of tailored modelling approaches that consider local geographical and hydrodynamic conditions to optimise wave forecasting.
How seasonal hydroclimate variability drives the triple oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of small lake systems in semiarid environments
Authors: Voigt Claudia , Gázquez Fernando , Martegani Lucía , Sánchez Villanueva Ana Isabel , Medina Antonio , Jiménez-Espinosa Rosario , Jiménez-Millán Juan , Rodríguez-Rodríguez Miguel
Published: October 2024

Abstract. This research investigates the influence of seasonal hydroclimate variability on the triple oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of small, shallow lake systems that show substantial intra- and interannual fluctuations in the water level. The study was conducted at Laguna Honda, a semi-permanent lake located in the semiarid Mediterranean environment of southern Spain. Over one year, lake water level was monitored continuously and water samples from the northern and southern margin were taken monthly for major ion concentration and triple oxygen and hydrogen isotope analyses. Over the study period, the lake water level dropped from 1.4 m to 0.6 m, while salinity increased from 23 g L-1 to 130 g L-1 and δ18O, δ2H and 17O-excess of lake water varied from -2 ‰ to 15 ‰, -26 ‰ to 51 ‰ and -9 per meg to -87 per meg, respectively. Hydrological mass balance calculations indicate that precipitation, basin discharge and evaporation control lake water level changes in Laguna Honda, and major inflow from other sources, such as groundwater, is absent. The lake water's isotope composition is mainly driven by changes in relative humidity (34–73 %), while precipitation and basin discharge can cause transitional mixing effects that however remain small in magnitude (< 10 %). In the 17O-excess vs. δʹ18O space, the lake water forms a loop evolving from low δ18O and high 17O-excess in winter to higher δ18O and lower 17O-excess in summer along a convex curvature, and back to low δ18O and high 17O-excess with the beginning of the subsequent rainy season along a concave curvature. The triple oxygen isotope system allows to identify non-steady state conditions, which is challenging using δ2H and δ18O alone, due to the linearity of trends in this isotope system. The large seasonal variability of triple oxygen isotopes should be considered when interpreting isotope data obtained from paleo-archives from lake sediments in semiarid and arid environments.
Analysis of Reactive Power Flow in an Electric Power System
Authors: Alfian Bishri M. Alif , Dalimunthe Muhammad Erpandi , Lesmana Dicky
Published: October 2024

Optimal power flow analysis is a calculation to minimize an objective function, namely generation costs or transmission losses by regulating the active power and reactive power generation of each interconnected power system generator by taking into account certain limits. The growth of industrial loads which are dominated by inductive loads requires a fairly large reactive power supply. This reactive power requirement will of course reduce the available power that can be transmitted to the load. Reactive power flow in transmission lines will reduce the active power distribution capacity required by the load. Reactive power flow that is too large can also cause losses. However, this reactive power is also an important component in the stability of the electric power system. For this reason, the flow of active and reactive power in transmission lines needs to be regulated so that the capacity and stability of the electric power transmission system is maintained.
Embedded System of Battery Charging with Constant Current System using Microcontroller and IC LM338
Authors: Puspasari Fitri , Sismanto
Published: October 2024

The battery has the function of an electrical energy storage system. However, charging the battery is prone to damage. Damage to the battery is often caused by overcharging. The time used during the battery charging process is an important factor that must be considered when charging. thus, efficient battery charging is important and very necessary to avoid damage. An another important aspect of a battery charging method is the current and voltage values supplied during its charging process. The presence of inappropriate values damages and reduce battery life, while the maintenance of a constant current is an important charging process step that extends service life. This research is expected to create a safe and optimal battery charging system with a simple low-cost circuit based on constant current by utilizing the LM388 Integrated Circuit (IC) regulator. This study discusses a 12 V battery charging system with monitored and controlled constant current using an R-Shunt sensor. Voltage monitoring while charging was carried out with voltage sensors using a constant current of 0.1 to 1.3 Ampere. Furthermore, voltages and currents were displayed through a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) screen controlled with Arduino Uno during battery charging. The measurement results showed that the circuit reached voltages and currents of 14.07 V and 0.19 A respectively for a charge duration of 8 hours.
Lightning Strike Danger Zone Detector System Integrated with Smartphone
Authors: Nugraha Adi , Al Bantani Rahmat Ato'ullah Gumilang , Grahito  , Yudono Muchtar Ali Setyo , Suryana Anang
Published: October 2024

The potential for direct hits and bounces from buildings during thunderstorms can endanger pedestrians in the open area of the Faculty of Engineering Untirta campus. So far, there has been no danger warning in the open area so that pedestrians in the area are not prepared if unwanted things happen, especially when there is rain and lightning. Direct lightning strikes are one of the hydrometeorological events that need to be watched out for. Because of its impact that can cause damage to objects and casualties if exposed to humans. The campus area has a fairly large open area, making the threat of lightning strikes can occur at any time, especially during the rainy season. The purpose of this research is to design and implement a direct lightning strike hazard zone detection device in the campus area of the Faculty of Engineering UNTIRTA located in the city of Cilegon.  The stages of research carried out include analyzing the open area of the FT campus using  the Rolling sphere method. After that, plotting the area of the analysis results. Then an area detection tool was created which is categorized as a direct lightning strike danger zone that is integrated with Smartphone notifications.
The Design and Construction of Overcurrent Soft Starting on ESP32 Microcontroller Based Water Machine
Authors: Deslan Situmorang Deslan
Published: October 2024

The advancement of household water pump technology utilizing induction motors provides numerous benefits, such as efficiency and low cost, but also faces challenges like high inrush current. This study demonstrates the necessity of voltage reduction methods to address high inrush currents that can impact home electrical systems. Testing reveals that the device's error percentage is 0.31%, indicating good performance. The DHT22 and PZEM sensors operate optimally in detecting temperature and current, and controlling relays and water pumps according to the specified thresholds, achieving a 100% system success rate. These results confirm that the system operates as expected according to the specifications.
Immediate Effects of Calf Tissue Flossing on Ankle Joint Torque and Dorsiflexion Range of Motion in Healthy Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Crossover Trial
Authors: Sano Yuto , Kawabata Masashi , Nakatani Keito , Uchida Yuto , Watanabe Yuto , Tsuihiji Yusuke , Ishii Daisuke , Kenmoku Tomonori , Watanabe Hiroyuki , Takahira Naonobu
Published: October 2024

Tissue flossing involves wrapping a rubber band around a muscle group for a few minutes while performing joint motion, enhancing ankle joint torque and range of motion. As limited ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and plantar flexion muscle weakness are risk factors for sports injury, assessing the therapeutic effects of tissue flossing is important. This study aimed to evaluate the immediate effects of calf tissue flossing on enhancing ankle joint torque and dorsiflexion range of motion. We conducted a randomized controlled crossover trial involving 19 healthy adult males who received two interventions (low and high-pressure tissue flossing bands) and a control condition (underwrap). Each intervention was applied for 2 minutes on the non-dominant calf, with 5–10 days between sessions. A pressure sensor placed on the posterior calf monitored the wrapping compression force. The intervention exercise comprised six voluntary isometric contractions of the ankle at three angles (20° plantar flexion, neutral 0°, and 10° dorsiflexion) for 3 seconds each using a dynamometer. The maximal isometric ankle plantar flexion torque and dorsiflexion range of motion were evaluated pre- and post-intervention. Significant interactions were observed in ankle plantar flexion torque at 10° dorsiflexion (p < 0.01) but not at 0° or 20° plantar flexion. The low- and high-pressure bands significantly enhanced ankle plantar flexion torque by 4.3 Nm (effect size [ES]: 0.14, p = 0.02) and 4.9 Nm (ES: 0.15, p < 0.05), respectively, and also enhanced the ankle dorsiflexion range of motion by 1.7° (ES: 0.43, p < 0.01) and 1.3° (ES: 0.35, p = 0.02), respectively, compared to the control. The low- and high-pressure band conditions had comparable effects on torque and range of motion. A few minutes of the calf tissue flossing intervention significantly enhanced ankle plantar flexion torque and dorsiflexion range of motion, although the effect sizes were trivial to small.
The Parataxis and Hypotaxis in Recount Text Writing of Second-Grade Students at SMA Negeri 17 Medan
Authors: Gurusinga Afridita Refina , Sinaga Nenni Triana , Silitonga Harpen
Published: October 2024

This research aims to discover the parataxis and hypotaxis in recount text writing of second-grade students at SMA Negeri 17 Medan. This research uses qualitative research with an interactive model. In collecting data, this research employs observation and document analysis. Then, an interactive model for analyzing data has three steps: data condensation, data display, and conclusion/drawing verification. The research results show that the data findings on 15 students' recount text writings were found to use Parataxis can be seen by the appearance of 16 clauses, namely: 11 clauses “and”, 2 clauses “then”, 2 clauses “while”, 1 clause “but”, and 1 clause “before”. Hypotaxis found 21 clauses, namely: 12 clauses “after”, 3 clauses “because”, 5 clauses “when”, and 1 clause “which”. The study is essential for understanding how students construct sentences and organize their thoughts in recounting text. Parataxis involves the juxtaposition of clauses or sentences without subordinating them, while hypotaxis uses subordination to show the relationship between clauses.
Power of Advertising on Consumer Purchasing Behaviour: A Study on the “Share a Coke” Campaign
Authors: I. O. Ajisafe, , D. O. Dada,
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the influence of advertising on customer buying behaviour by analysing the impact of the 'Share a Coke' Campaign. This text elucidates the significance of advertising in shaping the consumer's purchasing decisions. Several Nigerian organisations exhibit a lack of enthusiasm when it comes to promoting their products and services through an efficient advertising platform, which negatively impacts their sales performance. They do not consider it necessary to allocate a percentage of their money to ads for promoting their products and services and influencing customer purchase decisions. This study elucidates how the brand Coca-Cola has strategically utilised advertising to its benefit, ensuring not just customer affinity towards the brand but also driving real product purchases. The fast progress of technology has led to a substantial rise in the use of technology and digital media in the advertising industry. Given the fast progress, it has become more and more crucial to have effective advertising in order to get a competitive edge. This research is necessary to achieve that. Therefore, it is advisable to do comprehensive research on the target audience to gain insights into their watching patterns and purchase behaviours, thereby ensuring a successful advertising campaign.
Design of Novel HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors with Favorable Oral Properties using a Molecular Modelling Approach
Authors: Faten Alchab , Ali Alshekh , Maya Rajab
Published: October 2024

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic and potentially fatal transmissible disease caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Since its discovery in 1981, an estimated 85 million cases and 40 million AIDS related deaths have occurred worldwide. Among the two types of HIV, HIV-1 accounts for over 90% of reported cases. Throughout the years, multiple drugs have been approved for the treatment of AIDS. However, these drugs face many drawbacks such as toxic side effects, non-optimal pharmacodynamic profile and drug resistance due to virus mutation. This study aims to design novel potent HIV-1 protease inhibitors that overcome these drawbacks through molecular modelling methods. Pubchem database was screened for potential lead compounds. Results were filtered through two phases of ADMET and docking studies. Finally, the chosen lead compound was optimized through fragment replacement to obtain the novel inhibitors.
Synthesis and Characterization of Palladium Catalyzed (Carbon-carbon Bond Formation) compounds
Authors: Joshi Namita , Joshi Himanshu , Gwasikoti Jyoti , Dhaundhiyal Karuna , Upreti Arpita
Published: October 2024

In atmospheric condition, cesium carbonate was dissolved in water in a small bottle. Aryl halides, phenyl boronic acid, tetra butyl ammonium bromide, Bis (tri phenyl phosphine) palladium II chloride catalyst and toluene were taken in another small bottle. The contents of both the small bottles were added in a pressure tube. Heating of reaction mixture was done at 80-900C and then stirred until the reaction completion, which was confirmed by TLC. After this, the reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the organic layer was washed with brine solution and then filtered by buckner funnel prepared with celite bed. Sodium sulphate was added to the filtrate, filtered again using cotton bed and silica (60-120 mesh size) was added to the filtrate and evaporated by using rotavapour. Through column chromatography, the crude product obtained was purified using Ethyl acetate/Hexane as mobile phase.Bis (tri phenyl phosphine) palladium II chloride catalyzes the reaction of aryl halides and phenyl boronic acid at 80-900C giving moderate to high yields even when the catalyst quantity used was low.
Keynote talk "Disinfection-mediated selection of the drinking water microbiome"
Authors: Pinto Ameet
Published: October 2024

Most microbes in drinking water do not pose a human health risk, but the presence of pathogenic microbes can have severe public health implications. Hence, nearly all drinking water treatment technologies designed to manage microbial communities are intended to either inactivate, starve, or remove microorganisms during treatment and minimize growth during water distribution. Yet, every liter of drinking water can contain tens of millions of diverse microorganisms. How does the drinking water microbiome persist within the drinking water distribution systems despite chronic disinfectant stress and nutrient deprivation? This talk will present hypotheses based on field data on potential ecological and physiological mechanisms underpinning the persistence (and sometimes proliferation) of the drinking water microbiome. Systematically testing these hypotheses under field-relevant conditions has the potential to shift our approaches to microbial management of drinking water systems from a pathogen-centric to a microbiome-inclusive framework.
NOTARIAL FORM OF TRANSACTIONS INVOLVING SPOUSES AS A WAY TO PROTECT RIGHTS
Authors: LETOVA N.V.
Published: October 2024

The participation of a notary in transactions carried out in the field of family relations is due to the fulfillment of the public control function assigned to him by the state, which allows for timely protection of the property rights of spouses on the basis of their mutual agreements. The article outlines the problems that arise in connection with the certification of transactions involving spouses in relation to their common property, the registration of certain types of it, due to the need to apply multi-branch rules, the content of which determines the specifics of their object and the need to take into account the use of different terms to denote transactions in the field of family relations (“agreement”, “contract”, “deal”).
Development of a calibration management and critical analysis software using NFC technology
Authors: Silva Dionni da , Neli Roberto , Schiavon Gilson , Bertogna Eduardo
Published: October 2024

The ISO 17025 standard from 2017 aims to ensure the quality of services and results obtained through laboratory equipments. The standard guarantees that equipment testing, calibration, and maintenance are carried out according to internationally accepted quality standards, which ensures greater efficiency, lower costs, and conveys more trust to clients. In this work, it is presented the development of an application to manage the calibration of equipment in a company, along with a critical analysis of certificates. This application was developed for Android and iOS using the Flutterflow tool, and all the information regarding the equipment is securely and efficiently stored in a Firebase Firestore database. The application also supports the use of NFC tags integrated with the equipment to facilitate access to information in hard-to-reach environments. The solution is already in operation in two companies and has shown great potential for use in other companies for equipment calibration management.
The Impact of Dish Innovation on China's Intangible Cultural Heritage Economy
Authors: Han Jinyang
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the food industry has proven to be a crucial driver of economic development. However, it has been greatly affected by the impact of the epidemic. Nevertheless, with the rising vaccination rates and the implementation of effective prevention and control measures, it is gradually picking up momentum and presenting a new opportunity for a food craze. The prolonged lockdowns have led to a surge in consumer demand for food, creating unprecedented levels of desire. As a result, food and beverage companies are actively engaging in innovation and adjusting their strategies to meet market demands. The government has also played a role in supporting the industry's recovery by introducing various measures, such as rent reductions, tax cuts, fee reductions, and loan support. Additionally, technology has made a significant contribution to the recovery process. The implementation of intelligent ordering systems, mobile payments, and fresh food delivery has not only made the food industry more convenient but also enhanced its operational efficiency and customer experience. The combination of government efforts and the application of technology is assisting the food industry in recovering and growing.
Some poisonous and medicinal plants of Sagar in central India
Authors: Khare P. , Choubey V.
Published: October 2024

A preliminarily survey was conducted for poisonous and medicinal plants in tropical dry deciduous forests of Sagar district and its environ in Central India. A Total number of 15 species were collected belonging 13 families are reported here. Out of these 02 herbaceous, 03 shrub and 10 tree species were classified. These plants are used traditionally medicines in many diseases, however in large doses may be harmful and show poisonous activity. These plants species are known for their different poisonous properties like asphyxiation, cardiac, blood, brain and irritant poisoning etc. Chemical constituents, plant habit, family, toxic parts, local name, flowering season, toxicity and medicinal uses have been described and discussed.
Уголовная ответственность юридических лиц по законодательству Финляндской Республики
Authors: Федоров А.В.
Published: October 2024

Статья посвящена законодательству Финляндии об уголовной ответственности юридических лиц. Рассматриваются вопросы формирования и развития уголовного законодательства Финляндии. Указывается, что уголовная ответственность юридических лиц в Финляндии установлена в 1995 г. путем внесения изменений в национальный уголовный кодекс и заключается в применении в судебном порядке к юридическому лицу за совершенное преступление уголовной санкции – корпоративного штрафа. Приводятся и анализируются общие условия применения к юридическим лицам корпоративного штрафа. Указываются юридические лица, признаваемые субъектами преступления и уголовной ответственности. Рассматриваются взаимосвязи между преступным деянием, совершенным физическим лицом, и уголовной ответственностью юридического лица; основания отказа от применения корпоративного штрафа к юридическому лицу; преступления, за совершение которых возможно привлечение к уголовной ответственности юридических лиц.

The article is devoted to the Finnish legislation on criminal liability of legal entities. The issues of formation and development of the criminal legislation of Finland are considered. It is indicated that the criminal liability of legal entities in Finland was established in 1995 by amending the national Criminal Code and consists of applying in court to a legal entity for a crime a criminal sanction – a corporate fine. The general conditions for applying a corporate fine to legal entities are given and analyzed. Legal entities recognized as subjects of crime and criminal liability are indicated. The article examines the relationship between a criminal act committed by an individual and the criminal liability of a legal entity, grounds for refusing to apply a corporate fine to a legal entity, crimes for which it is possible to bring legal entities to criminal responsibility.
Нарушения прав и законных интересов граждан или организаций либо охраняемых законом интересов общества или государства как общественно опасные последствия должностных злоупотреблений (ст. 285 и 286 УК РФ)
Authors: Иванов А.Л. , Савин П.Т.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматриваются вопросы нарушения прав и законных интересов граждан или организаций либо охраняемых законом интересов общества или государства как общественно опасных последствий некоторых должностных преступлений. Авторами статьи изучены работы ученых в области уголовного права, проанализирована следственно-судебная практика. В результате исследования они пришли к выводу о том, что отсутствие четких и определенных критериев понятия «существенное нарушение прав и законных интересов граждан или организаций либо охраняемых законом интересов общества или государства» в должностных злоупотреблениях (ст. 285 и 286 УК РФ) на практике приводит к спорам при квалификации содеянного следственными органами и противоречивым решениям судов. Решение обозначенной проблемы авторы статьи видят в том, чтобы содержание общественно опасного последствия в виде существенного нарушения прав и законных интересов граждан или организаций либо охраняемых законом интересов общества или государства определялось в зависимости от позиции высшего судебного органа по уголовным делам и высшего судебного органа конституционного контроля – Верховного Суда РФ и Конституционного Суда РФ. Соответствующие разъяснения указанных судов снимут существующие противоречия и позволят правоприменителю сформировать единообразное понимание указанных норм.

The article discusses issues of violation of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens or organizations or the legally protected interests of society or the state as socially dangerous consequences of certain malfeasance. The authors of the article studied the works of scientists in the field of criminal law and analyzed investigative and judicial practice. As a result of the study, they came to the conclusion that the lack of clear and defined criteria for the concept of a significant violation of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens or organizations or the legally protected interests of society or the state in official abuses (Articles 285 and 286 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) in practice leads to disputes in the qualification of the crime by investigative authorities and conflicting court decisions. The authors of the article see the solution to the identified problem in the fact that the content of a socially dangerous consequence in the form of a significant violation of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens or organizations or the legally protected interests of society or the state is determined depending on the position of the highest judicial body in criminal cases and the highest judicial body of constitutional control – the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation and the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation. Appropriate clarifications from these courts will remove existing contradictions and allow the law enforcer to formulate a uniform understanding of the norms under consideration.
Upaya Meningkatkan Kemampuan Membaca Huruf Hijaiyah dengan Model SIUUL (Simak-Ucap-Ulang) pada Anak Kelompok B di RA Attaqwa 06 Bekasi
Authors: Ummah Melati , Watini Sri , Widiyastuti Arie
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan membaca huruf hijaiyah dengan Model SIUUL (Simak-Ucap-Ulang) pada anak kelompok B di RA Attaqwa 06 Bekasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan kelas yang difokuskan pada situasi kelas, atau dikenal dengan classroom action research. Metode ini bertujuan untuk memperbaiki pembelajaran bertahap dan terus menerus, selama penelitian dilakukan. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan melalui dua siklus untuk melihat peningkatan kemampuan membaca huruf hijaiyah dimana setiap siklus terdiri dari perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah anak usia 5-6 tahun yang berada pada kelompok B dengan jumlah 8 siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di RA. Attaqwa 06. Teknik pengambilan data yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengumpulan data, peneliti terlibat sepenuhnya dalam pembelajaran. Metode yang digunakan adalah jenis penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu siklus I dan siklus II. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelompok B usia 5-6 tahun RA Attaqwa 06 sebanyak 8 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar siswa sebesar 40% pada siklus I dan 85% pada siklus II. Ini berarti metode membaca huruf hijaiyah menggunakan Model SIUUL dapat diterapkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca anak usia 5-6 tahun di RA Attaqwa 06. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan arti dengan adanya peningkatan tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa membaca huruf hijaiyah menggunakan Model SIUUL dapat berhasil dengan baik atau memenuhi batas ketuntasan yang ditentukan yaitu sebesar 80%.
In Naam van Status
Authors: Hensums Maud
Published: October 2024

Schadelijk sociaal gedrag (zoals pesten of zelfzuchtig gedrag) in de adolescentie kan, anders dan traditioneel gezien, mogelijk ook strategisch ingezet worden door adolescenten die sociaal vaardig zijn om een belangrijk doel in de adolescentie te behalen, namelijk het verkrijgen van een machtspositie. Om dit verder te onderzoeken, beoogt dit proefschrift twee vragen te beantwoorden: Kan schadelijk sociaal gedrag van adolescenten een strategische poging zijn om sociale status te verkrijgen? En hoe kunnen we het statusperspectief (beter) integreren in interventies die beogen schadelijk sociaal gedrag te verminderen? De bevindingen van een metareview bevestigen dat schadelijk sociaal gedrag ook kan voortkomen uit bekwame zelfregulatie. Bevindingen uit aanvullende empirische studies tonen aan dat het vooruitzicht op status, adolescenten kan motiveren om schadelijk sociaal gedrag in te zetten. Daarnaast laten bevindingen van een individuele participanten data meta-analyse zien dat er ruimte is voor verbetering als het gaat om interventies die schadelijk sociaal gedrag beogen te verminderen voor adolescenten boven de twaalf jaar. In dit proefschrift betoog ik dat we dit op twee manieren kunnen doen. Ten eerste, leer adolescenten hoe ze status kunnen bereiken door zich prosociaal te gedragen. Ten tweede, verander peer-normen die schadelijk sociaal gedrag belonen met populariteit.
AbstractContrary to traditional beliefs, adolescent harmful social behavior (such as aggression, risky behavior, or selfishness) can also be adaptive behavior employed by adolescents with refined social skills to reach an important goal in adolescence, namely gaining a position of power. To investigate this further, this dissertation examined two questions: Can adolescent harmful social behaviors be strategic attempts to obtain social status? And how can we incorporate this status-pursuit perspective (more) into current interventions that aim to reduce harmful social behavior? Meta-review findings underscore that harmful social behavior may also develop from adequate self-regulation. Findings from complementary empirical studies indicate that the prospect of status affordances can motivate adolescents to engage in harmful social behavior. Individual participant data meta-analytical findings illustrate that there is room for improvement in interventions aiming to decrease harmful social behavior for youth aged twelve and older. In this dissertation, I argue we can do this in two ways. One, teach adolescents how they can achieve status by behaving prosocially. And two, change peer norms that reward harmful social behavior with popularity.
Keywords: Adolescence, Status, Harmful Social Behavior, Self-regulation
An investigation of group and subtype diversity and distribution of porcine rotaviruses in Canadian suckling piglets with diarrhea, 2019-2023
Authors: Malgarin Carol , de Grau Francisco
Published: October 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of detection and group diversity of rotavirus (RV) A, B, and C, and G (glycoprotein antigen) serotype (based on viral protein 7 [VP7] gene analysis) infecting suckling piglets with diarrhea in Canadian farms. Materials and methods: Canadian swine veterinarians submitted 1117 enteric samples from suckling piglets between July 2019 and December 2023 to the University of Guelph Animal Health Laboratory for RV group identification and VP7 sequencing for subtyping. Analysis of the VP7 sequence from 837 samples was performed using the Animal Health Sequivity Dashboard (Merck & Co, Inc) and descriptive statistics. Results: Rotavirus A, B, and C were present in 40.7%, 12.5%, and 46.8% of samples, respectively. The most common RV identified was RVC G6, present in 296 samples, followed by RVA G9 in 205 samples. A single RV group was involved in 444 cases (72.3%), while in 170 cases (27.7%), more than one RV group/subtype was detected. Eighteen subtypes were identified by sequencing the VP7 protein (5 RVA, 9 RVB, and 4 RVC). Implications: Rotavirus protection for suckling piglets comes from colostrum and milk. Knowing which RV group is causing diarrhea is important since vaccination does not generate cross-protection among groups. Using molecular diagnostic testing, it is possible to identify the specific group and subtype of RV circulating on the premises and decide the best treatment strategy for the disease.