bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A retrospective study to determine correlation of physical activity with natural labor
Authors: Narahari Padmavathi , Atluri Anilasre
Published: March 2021

Background: Most pregnant women wish to have natural birth. Worldwide rate of caesarean is increasing due to various reasons. In this study we evaluate the correlation of physical activity with occurrence of normal delivery.Methods: This is a retrospective study on 200 women based on questionnaire regarding history of physical activity in primiparous women who had natural delivery or caesarean delivery. Sampling was done by purposive selective sampling method. All the women included in the study had delivered either by caesarean or natural birth with birth weight of the babies between 2.5-3.5 kg. Analysis was done by descriptive and inferential statistics.Results: Among 100 women with natural labor 83 had at least one or two kind of physical activity, whereas among 100 women with caesarean, only 12 had some kind of physical activity.Conclusions: Based on our findings inclusion of physical activity during antenatal period increased the rate of natural birth.
A REAÇÃO BATISTA AO ENSINO RELIGIOSO NAS ESCOLAS PÚBLICAS DURANTE A ERA VARGAS
Authors: Da Silva Paulo Julião
Published: March 2021

O objetivo do presente artigo é a análise dos discursos batistas contra o ensino religioso nas escolas públicas durante a Era Vargas, os quais eram publicados n’O Jornal Batista. Os textos combatiam a instituição da disciplina como facultativa nos estabelecimentos de ensino do país. As Constituições de 1934 e de 1937 também foram alvos de críticas dos membros da referida denominação protestante, os quais acusavam seus idealizadores de destruírem o projeto republicano iniciado em 1889. Utilizamos fontes e bibliografia especializada para as discussões aqui elencadas. Na metodologia, considerações da análise do discurso nos auxiliaram no entendimento da documentação utilizada. Espera-se com o texto aqui apresentado, contribuir com as discussões acerca do ensino religioso no Brasil, bem como sobre a sua história, sobretudo em relação às diversas reações à sua implantação no contexto em questão, particularmente da denominação protestante batista.
TRANSPARÊNCIA, PESOS E CONTRAPESOS
Authors: Fernandes Luiz Carlos do Carmo
Published: March 2021

Editoral
UM OLHAR SOBRE O ACONTECIMENTO MIDIATIZADO: DOS MENINOS TAILANDESES NA CAVERNA ÀS NARRATIVAS EM CIRCULAÇÃO
Authors: Rosa Ana Paula , Santos Mariane Ramos
Published: March 2021

A partir da problemática do acontecimento midiatizado busca-se compreender de que maneira as narrativas em circulação mobilizam a fórmula de phatos e convocam imaginários midiáticos de outras tragédias precedentes. Com vistas a investigar esta processualidade, observa-se um pequeno circuito constituído em torno do caso do time Javalis Selvagens que ficou preso durante 18 dias na caverna Tham Luang, na Tailândia.
Gender, Forests and Climate Change
Authors: Marcos Morezuelas Paloma
Published: March 2021

As users of forest products and guardians of traditional knowledge, women have always been involved in forestry. Nevertheless, their access to forest resources and benefits and participation in forest management is limited compared to mens despite the fact that trees are more important to women, who depend on them for their families food security, income generation and cooking fuel. This guide aims to facilitate the incorporation of a gender lens in climate change mitigation and adaptation operations in forests, with special attention to those framed in REDD. This guide addresses four themes value chains, environmental payment schemes, firewood and biodiversity that relate directly to 1) how climate change impacts affect women in the forest and 2) how mitigation and adaptation measures affect womens access to resources and benefits distribution.
Ludwik Fleck
Authors: García Sánchez Carolina
Published: March 2021

Con el objetivo de contribuir a la divulgación del análisis filosófico de la ciencia desarrollado por Ludwik Fleck, en el presente artículo se hace una elucidación conceptual de la teoría de los estilos de pensamiento (Denkstil) y los colectivos de pensamiento (Denkkollektiv). Para ello, en un primer momento, se presenta la biografía del autor para identificar el contexto en el que surge la teoría y, en un segundo momento, se caracterizan los elementos que la conforman. Finalmente se enuncian algunos de los aportes de la propuesta fleckeana para la investigación en ciencias sociales.
Histomorphologic and Immunohistochemical Study of Lymph-Node Biopsies in Generalised Lymphadenopathy
Authors: Palliyalil Shayfa , B Mini
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND “Lymphadenopathy’’ refers to nodes that are abnormal in size, consistency, or number. It is designated as generalised’’ if lymph-nodes are enlarged in two or more non-contiguous areas. Approximately three fourths of patients presenting with unexplained lymph-node enlargement have localised lymphadenopathy, whereas one fourth have generalised lymphadenopathy. In the present study an attempt is made to identify and categorise various neoplastic versus nonneoplastic lesions in patients presenting with generalised lymphadenopathy in a tertiary care centre.METHODS A cross sectional study of 100 lymph-node biopsies was conducted. After adequate fixation in 10 % formalin, tissues were routinely processed and stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H & E). Special stains like Ziehl-Neelsen and reticulin were employed whenever indicated. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed for all neoplastic lesions and for some cases of non-neoplastic lesions. RESULTS Amongst 100 cases of lymph node biopsies analysed in this study, 71 cases were non-neoplastic and 29 were neoplastic. The most common non-neoplastic lesion observed was granulomatous lymphadenitis (32 cases), followed by reactive lymphadenitis (20). 25 cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and 4 cases of Hodgkin lymphoma were observed in the neoplastic group. In the age range of 4.5 to 77 years included in the study, major bulk of cases was found in the age group of 11 - 20 years; out of this, 78.9 % were non neoplastic and 21.1 % were neoplastic. It was observed that 100 % of cases in the age group below 10 years were non-neoplastic, whereas in the age group above 70 years, all cases were neoplastic. CONCLUSIONS Granulomatous lymphadenitis was the most common lesion observed, probably because of high incidence of tuberculosis in this part of state. Morphological evaluation by light microscopy supplemented by special stains and IHC are necessary for establishing final diagnosis of generalised lymphadenopathy. KEYWORDS Generalised Lymphadenopathy, Haematoxylin and Eosin, IHC, Granulomatous Lymphadenitis, Kikuchi Fujimoto Lymphadenopathy, Hodgkin Lymphoma, NonHodgkin Lymphoma
Bernard-Soulier Syndrome with Unusual Presentation of Splenic Infarct
Authors: Shankar Anjali , Gosavi Siddharth , Anne Tracey Austin , Nair Anjitha Uthamarajan
Published: March 2021

A 26-year-old male presented to general medicine department on 16th March 2020 with complaints of 3 episodes of epistaxis for 2 days. The epistaxis was spontaneous, sudden in onset, recurring in nature, copious in amount, not relieved on its own. No history of nasal trauma, head injury, fever, joint pain, cough, breathlessness, difficulty in swallowing, pain abdomen, haematuria, rashes. No history of bleeding diathesis from any other site. Past history revealed similar complaints of nasal bleeding for past 2 - 3 months for which he used to get admitted and administered platelets transfusions after which the symptoms used to subside. No history of any bleeding disorders or other comorbidities. Family history revealed that the younger brother is a known case of Bernard-Soulier syndrome diagnosed at the age of 15 years. Drug history was insignificant. Based on patient’s presentation and family history, a congenital bleeding disorder was considered as provisional diagnosis. On clinical examination pallor was observed in lower palpebral conjunctiva and dorsum of tongue and crusts were present in nose. Moderate splenomegaly was also observed. His laboratory data revealed presence of microcytic hypo-chromic anaemia with hyponatremia, with prolonged bleeding time, normal clotting time and coagulation time. Complete blood count revealed severe microcytic hypochromic anaemia (haemoglobin - 5.8 gram / decilitre) (Figure 1) and giant platelets (Figure 2). Bleeding time was 12 minutes and clotting time was 8 minutes. Factor VIII levels were normal in the patient. Prothrombin time was prolonged with 13.9 seconds. Liver function test revealed only hypoalbuminemia with no derangement of liver enzymes. Renal function tests were normal. Serum electrolytes revealed hyponatremia with 130 millimole / litre. Ultrasound abdomen and pelvis revealed a heterogeneous focus which was noted in spleen with peripheral colour uptake and necrotic areas within it suggesting of splenic abscess / splenic haematoma / infarct. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen and pelvis revealed mild splenomegaly with heterogeneous foci with peripheral colour uptake and necrotic areas within it measuring 6.4 * 4.8 centimeters, areas were hypo dense and few enlarged retroperitoneal lymph nodes noted in para-aortic region. Computed tomography of brain plain was normal. Contrast enhanced computed tomography of thorax was normal. Platelet function tests revealed normal aggregation with adenosine diphosphate, collagen and arachidonic acid and markedly reduced with ristocetin. Flow cytometry could not be assessed. His clinical examination revealed findings suggestive of anaemia and splenomegaly was also present with vital parameters within normal limits. He underwent thorough work-up with working diagnosis of bleeding disorder under evaluation.
The research of some classes of almost periodic at infinity functions
Authors:   Federal State Official Military Educational Institution of Higher Education “Military Educational and Scientific Centre of the Air Force N. E. Zhukovsky and Y. A. Gagarin Air Force Academy”, Vysotskaya Irina A. , Strukova Irina I. ,   Voronezh State University
Published: March 2021

The article under consideration is devoted to continuous almost periodic at infinity functions defined on the whole real axis and with their values in a complex Banach space. We consider different subspaces of functions vanishing at infinity, not necessarily tending to zero at infinity. We introduce the notions of slowly varying and almost periodic at infinity functions with respect to these subspaces. For almost periodic at infinity functions (with respect to a subspace) we give four different definitions. The first definition (approximating) is based on the approximation theorem. In the classical version, for almost periodic functions, they are represented as uniform closures of trigonometric polynomials. In our case, the Fourier coefficients are slowly varying at infinity functions. The second definition, which is an analogue of G. Bohr’s definition of an almost periodic function, is based on the concept of an ε-period. The third definition meets S. Bochner’s criterion for the almost periodicity of functions. The fourth definition is given in terms of factor space. With the help of the results of the theory of almost periodic vectors in Banach modules those four definitions are proved to be equivalent. In addition, it was proved that the introduced spaces of slowly varying and almost periodic at infinity functions with respect to different subspaces of functions vanishing at infinity coincide with the spaces of ordinary slowly varying and almost periodic at infinity functions, respectively. The feasibility of consideration of these functions is due to the fact that the solutions of some important classes of differential and difference equations are almost periodic at infinity. We consider differential equations whose right-hand side is a function vanishing at infinity and obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for their bounded solutions to be almost periodic at infinity functions. We also study an asymptotic representation of the solutions.
Permainan Tradisional Piccek Baju dan Pembentukan Karakter Disiplin pada Anak Usia MI/SD
Authors: Maulida Risa , Z Anis Fuadah
Published: March 2021

Permainan tradisional merupakan salah satu warisan budaya yang harus dilestarikan keberadaannya, jangan sampai hilang atau tergantikan. Piccek Baju salah-satunya. Piccek Baju merupakan salah satu permainan tradisional dari Sumatera Utara. Permainan ini memiliki aturan yang sangat banyak. Mulai dari jumlah pemain, tata cara bermain, sampai persiapan bermain. Adapun penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang bagaimana permainan Piccek Baju dapat membentuk kepribadian anak, terutama dalam hal kedisiplinan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode studi kepustakaan, dimana penulis menelaah atau mengeksplorasi data dari beberapa sumber seperti jurnal, buku, atau dokumen-dokumen lain baik dari media cetak maupun media elektronik yang memiliki kaitan dengan permainan dan karakter disiplin. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa anak pada usia MI / SD cenderung lebih suka bermain dan bergerak. Dalam hal ini, permainan Piccek Baju dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu alat untuk mengembangkan karakter pada anak, melatih motorik dan menumbuhkan sikap disiplin taat aturan. Karena dalam permainan ini anak harus melakukan gerakan bermain yang baik dan sesuai dengan aturan yang ada.
Metode Problem Based Learning untuk Mengklasifikasikan Argumen Mahasiswa PGSD terhadap Masalah
Authors: Maulyda Mohammad Archi , Indraswati Dyah , Affandi Lalu Hamdian , Nursaptini Nursaptini , Astria Fitri Puji
Published: March 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah mengklasifikasikan jenis-jenis argument yang diberikan mahasiswa ketika menyelesaikan masalah. Metode penelitian yang gunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah 50 mahasiswa PGSD Universitas Mataram yang telah melaksanakan perkuliahan dengan metode PBL. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa argument mahasiswa terbagi menjadi 3 jenis kategori yakni, (1) True-False Argument; (2) Good-Bad Argument; dan (3) PolicyArgument. Jenis argument yang paling sering digunakan mahasiswa adalah True-False Argumen dimana subjek dalam kelompok ini cenderung memberikan pernyataan untuk membenarkan pendapatnya atau menyanggah pendapat orang lain. Sedangakan subjek dalam kelompok Good-Bad Argument cenderung melihat argument berdasarkan kebermanfaatan dan implementasi pernyataanya secara nyata. Untuk jenis argument Policy Argument subjek dalam kelompok ini cenderung tidak menggunakan teori-teori individual (personal) namun menggunakan data Undang-Undang atau kebijakan pemerintah sebagai landasan argumenya.
ANÁLISE DO APEGO AO LUGAR E REPRESENTAÇÕES SOCIAIS DA ESCOLA EM CRIANÇAS NO ÂMBITO ESCOLAR
Authors: Pavei Macan Mariane , Castro Amanda
Published: March 2021

Este estudo buscou compreender as representações sociais de escola e o apego ao lugar de alunos das primeiras sérias do ensino fundamental, em uma escola no município de Criciúma. Para a coleta de dados utilizou-se um mapa comportamental, mapa afetivo e uma entrevista informal com 14 crianças. Estas informações foram transcritas e analisadas por meio de análise de conteúdo. Compreende-se que o meio de locomoção da criança até a escola e seus hábitos fazem com que a sua percepção ambiental aumente ou não. Ao caminhar a pé a criança consegue focar sua atenção na paisagem, nos elementos e na composição do caminho que está fazendo, fazendo com que ela tenha mais domínio do ambiente possibilitando maior auto segurança no momento que por exemplo, ela é deixada na escola, pois ela saberá fazer o caminho de volta até a casa caso algo aconteça. A casa, em detrimento da escola apareceu com mais ênfase nos desenhos, com isso, para que favorecer identidade de lugar e para que a criança se sinta parte do ambiente precisa-se que ela forneça elementos para apropriação do espaço, para que ela possa também construir esse ambiente e se identificar.            Palavras-chave: Apego; Escola; Crianças.
FURNAS DE SOMBRIO COMO UM PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL LOCAL
Authors: Vieira da Silveira Paola
Published: March 2021

O presente texto apresenta As Furnas de Sombrio, um complexo de cinco grutas localizadas na cidade de Sombrio, região Sul de Santa Catarina. O objetivo da pesquisa é mostrar que este bem se caracteriza como um patrimônio histórico-cultural e natural, assim como mostrar a degradação que ele sofre por agentes antrópicos. Para isso foi feito um levantamento bibliográfico de obras locais falando sobre o bem patrimonial em questão e obras sobre preservação de bens culturais e naturais evidenciando que as Furnas de Sombrio devem ser melhores assistidas pelo poder público garantindo uma melhor preservação para desempenhar seu papel de bem cultural.Palavras-chave: Grutas. Furnas. Santa Catarina. Patrimônio cultural. Religião.
PROJETO SALA DE LEITURA ITINERANTE: A LEITURA LITERÁRIA E O SEU PAPEL TRANSFORMADOR
Authors: Jakabson Lavezzo Lana , Rodrigues Endiara , Arcângelo Schlickmann Carlos , Beirith F. Freitas Cibele , Arns Silveira Daniela , Souza de Carvalho Richarles
Published: March 2021

Este artigo pretende apresentar e compartilhar as experiências do projeto de extensão Sala de Leitura Itinerante, realizado pela Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e de relatos que registraram a prática da leitura literária nas escolas. Fundamentamo-nos a partir de bases teóricas, que contribuem para a reflexão acerca das temáticas apresentadas. Alguns dos autores, cujos trabalhos são pertinentes para o desenvolvimento deste artigo: Antonio Candido (1972 – 2017), Jacques Rancière (2002 – 2005), Leyla Perrone-Moisés (2016) e Regina Zilberman (1999). A partir dessas leituras, traçamos relações pertinentes entre as temáticas abordadas e a proposta do projeto. Discorremos sobre o que o projeto propõe, a importância da leitura literária, a formação de leitores literários emancipados e o relato de experiência. É possível afirmar que ainda há desafios a serem superados na prática de leitura literária em sala de aula, contudo, podemos afirmar que a experiência com textos literários promove a formação de alunos transformadores de sua própria realidade.
Análisis espacial de las desigualdades socioeconómicas en la península de Yucatán, México
Authors: Batún Guerrero Antonio del Jesús , Estrada Porcayo Aranely Wendolyne , Herrera Valencia Omayra Jazmín , Barrera Rojas Miguel Ángel
Published: March 2021

Geographic inequality is a relative phenomenon, subject to alterations and transformations related to the distribution of resources, or population. It also relates to the production processes themselves. This research aims to analyze spatially the socioeconomic inequalities occurring in the towns of the Yucatán Peninsula. The methodology consists in applying indicators to calculate the development indexes and the socioeconomic potential. This way, a matrix analysis of the territorial divergences was carried out in each town. The results showed a positive territorial divergence in most of them, i.e., the level of development is either above or the same as the development potential. Therefore, it is concluded that the spatial distribution in these towns is closely linked to the divergences existing in the whole Yucatán Peninsula
Coffee wilt disease
Authors:   CABI, UK, Flood Julie
Published: March 2021

In the early 20th century, coffee wilt disease (CWD) caused by the vascular wilt pathogen, Fusarium xylarioides, spread across Africa destroying coffee trees, reducing yields and significantly impacting producer livelihoods. Through systematic sanitation and establishment of breeding programmes in affected countries, CWD appeared to decline. However, the disease re-emerged and increased to epidemic proportions in the 1990s affecting robusta coffee in DRC, Uganda and Tanzania and arabica coffee in Ethiopia. In 1999, 14.5 million robusta coffee trees were estimated to have been destroyed in Uganda alone. This chapter discusses the history, impact, symptoms, cause and spread of CWD. A summary of the Regional Coffee Wilt Programme (RCWP) which examined many aspects of the disease and its management is also provided. Future research trends include host specificity, underlying resistance mechanisms and the role of alternative hosts. Investigation of pathogen ecology is needed to allow greater focus on agroecological management practices.
Benzodiazepine Use in Opioid Maintenance Treatment Programme: Risks and Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Oliveira Catarina , Filipe Rita , Meira João , Sampaio Lara , Teixeira Leonor , Rodrigues Júlio , Nunes Inês , Tavares João
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The co-association of benzodiazepines and opioids is associated with an increased risk of overdose, death, and poorer psychosocial prognosis. The aim of this study is to characterize the prevalence, pattern of use, and primary clinical outcomes in benzodiazepines users in a public opioid maintenance treatment unit.Material and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 236 patients treated with opioid substitutes (methadone and buprenorphine). We conducted a descriptive, bivariable, and multivariable analysis to determine clinical differences between benzodiazepines users and non-users.Results: The prevalence of consumption of benzodiazepines was 25.4% (60). The benzodiazepines were obtained with a medical prescription (49.8%) or on the black market (42.6%). The most prescribed benzodiazepine was diazepam (29.1%), and the main reasons were to relieve insomnia (27.7%) or anxiety (26.9%) and to enhance the psychoactive effects of other drugs (19.7%). Regarding the clinical outcomes, we highlight: a very high prevalence of hepatitis C (51.7%); severe ongoing consumption of psychoactive drugs (73.7%); and a high rate of depression and anxiety (> 60%), significantly higher in the benzodiazepines-user group. In the multivariable analysis of benzodiazepine use, we found alcohol consumption (OR 0.482; IC 95% 0.247, 0.238) had a negative association and having hepatitis C (OR 2.544, IC 95% 1.273, 5.084) or anxiety symptoms (OR 5.591; IC 95% 2.345, 13.326) had positive associations.Discussion: Our results suggest the BZD users had a complex drug addiction problem and underline the importance of adequately addressing BZD use, contemplating psychological and psychiatric approach in this particular population.Conclusion: Past or current use of benzodiazepines is associated with poor clinical and psychiatric outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach with a focus on infectious diseases and mental health is critical in order to enhance the treatment effectiveness and overall prognosis.
O Que Faz o Pediatra Ser Neonatologista
Authors: Virella Daniel
Published: March 2021

On behalf of Comissão Técnica Secção Subespecialidade de Neonatologia Do Colégio de Pediatria
KARAKTERISTIK ASHABUL A`RAF PERSPEKTIF TAFSIR IBNU KATSIR
Authors: Falahul Asmuni -
Published: March 2021

This article titled characteristics of Ashabul A`raf In perspective of Ibn Kathir's Interpretation. There is a boundary between heaven and hell where the boundary is named after al-A`raf. Allah SWT. also mentioned that there was a group of people who were in the A`raf. Those in Araf are also called Ashabul Araf. The discussion of this problem will be described using research in the form of library research, therefore the data used is qualitative data. The method used is the thematic method or maudhu`i. In the interpretation of classical and contemporary scholars, although there are some opinions of the commentators there is a difference, however, the majority of opinions have the same interpretation that is close to each other with Ibn Kathir's interpretation, namely the inhabitants of A'raf are people whose good and bad are the same. The characteristics of Ashabul A`raf in al-Qur`an according to the interpretation of the cleric of Imam Ibn Kathir's classical interpretation namely Ashabul A`raf can see the conditions of the inhabitants of heaven and the inhabitants of hell, can know the signs of the inhabitants of heaven and hell, have a great desire to be able enter heaven, the A'raf inhabitants have a sense of worry, anxiety and fear if they are included with the inhabitants of hell, the inhabitants of A`raf can dialogue with the inhabitants of hell and heaven, they can give a call or reproach to the residents of hell they know . Ashabul A`raf is the last group to be put into heaven.
The Evolution of Britain's Approach to Crisis in Ukraine and UK–Russia Relations
Authors: Andreeva T.
Published: March 2021

This paper represents the second part of the previously published article. It covers Great Britain's role in generating of a consolidated international view on Russia's influence on the Ukrainian crisis during Petr Poroshenko's presidency (2014–2015), further explores the worsening of bilateral relations between the UK and Russia in a wide context of antagonism between the US and Russia. The author also investigates Britain's role in imposing of the gravest economic sanctions on Russian economy after the Malaysian aircraft crush, and their impact on the Western countries' economies, especially on the British economy key industries. The attention is given to popularity of Vladimir Putin and his policy in Russian society and business community, which rose after the introducing of western sanctions. The article examines the damage done to cooperation between Russian and British business by deterioration in bilateral political relations. Assessing the scope of this damage, the author notes that for quite a long time Britain disinclined to start a new Cold War with Russia. The author further scrutinizes the impact of the Ukrainian crisis on strengthening of Anglo-American “special relations”, on the revival of the NATO's strategic task of being a tool to hamper Russia's influence in the world: for this purpose joint military exercises in the Baltic region were organized, and special NATO Response Force was created. The main questions raised in this research are: when can the UK–Russia relations become better again, and what can help improve the relationship between two countries?
Poverty in Kazakhstan
Authors: Aliev T.
Published: March 2021

To properly assess the extent of poverty in Kazakhstan it is important to understand the methodology of its definition and measurement. There are three basic concepts of measuring poverty. Absolute poverty is based on the establishment of a living wage or poverty line. The position of the World Bank is dominant in the world in the assessment of absolute poverty. The WB experts use multiple criteria income. An internationally accepted poverty line was established in 2005 at US$ 1.25 (PPP) per person per day. They also used less “hard” indicator of US$ 2 per day (in constant 2005 prices) which is the median poverty line for all developing countries. For the transitional economies WB applies poverty line based on the differential absolute poverty equal to US$ 4.3 (before 1999 – US$ 4), for developed economies – US$ 11. According to a relative concept, the category of poor includes individuals and households with income clearly insufficient to live on prevailing community standards of consumption. This approach is used primarily for the developed countries. For example, in the EU the relative poverty is defined at the level of 60% of the median per capita income. Subjective approach (developed by Leiden University, Netherlands) takes into account people’s own estimates of their welfare status. In terms of Kazakhstan, the author states that any one-dimensional approach will fail to estimate the real extent of poverty and deprivation of the population. International and national statistics fail to provide an accurate picture of the number of poor in the country and the dynamics of poverty. According to national and WB statistics, in recent decades Kazakhstan showed substantial progress in reducing poverty. However, this was achieved largely due to maintaining rather low official levels of subsistence and cost of minimum food basket. Establishment of these indicators is mainly determined by political considerations, thus it lacks objectivity. For a country aiming to improve competitiveness of its economy and to achieve the level and quality of life comparable to developed countries the focus on a poverty criteria that is close to the standards of the poorest developing countries is not acceptable. Actually, the poverty situation in Kazakhstan continues to be a serious challenge. This is evidenced by the materials of international statistics based on criteria of poverty for countries in transition; by a quite high proportion of household spending on food and the relatively low (as compared to many Eastern European countries) national poverty line. It is concluded that a large-scale poverty still persists in Kazakhstan despite high rates of economic growth.
Liquid Biopsy: New Tool to Overcome CDKi Resistance Mechanism in Luminal Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: González-Conde Miriam , Yanez Celso , López-López Rafael , Costa Clotilde
Published: March 2021

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Approximately, 70 % of breast cancer patients express hormone receptors (HR) (Luminal subtype). Adjuvant endocrine treatments are the standard of care in HR+/HER2- breast cancer. Over time, about 50% of those patients develop endocrine resistance and metastatic breast cancer. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CDKi) in combination with an aromatase inhibitor or fulvestrant have demonstrated superior efficacy increasing progression-free survival, with a safe toxicity profile, in HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer patients. CDKi blocks kinases 4/6 ATP-binding domain preventing G1/S cell cycle transition. Despite this, not all patients respond to CDKi and those who respond, finally develop resistance to combination therapy. Different studies, in tumour tissue or cell lines, have tried to elucidate the mechanisms underlying this progression, but there are still no conclusive data. In the last few years, liquid biopsy has contributed relevant information to this knowledge. Liquid biopsy can be performed in real-time, non-invasively and be repeated whenever needed. Circulating tumour material are potential prognostic markers in metastatic luminal breast cancer to determine patient prognosis, monitor disease and treatment selection. The objective of this review is to outline the different studies carried out in HR+ metastatic breast cancer patients treated with CDKi plus endocrine therapy using liquid biopsy approaches looking for possible resistance mechanisms.
Illumination on the Structure and Characteristics of Entamoeba Histolytica Genome
Authors: Al-Ardi Musafer H.
Published: March 2021

Entamoeba histolytica, like other Organismes, is characterized by diversity and heterogeneity in its genetic content, which is one of the most important reasons for survival, and the increase in susceptibility to infection.Non-condensation of chromosomes during the process of cell division and the ambiguity of the chromosomal ploidy makes predicting the exact chromosomal number difficult. Genes distributed across 14 chromosomes as well as many extra-chromosome elements. Most Genes composed of one axon only, with Introns in 25% of Genes. This genome is characterized by the presence of Polymorphic internal repeat regions, and several gene families, one of these large families encoding Transmembrane kinas, Cysteine protease (CP), SREHP protein, and others.
An Optimised Satellite Constellation for Bushfire Detection through Edge Computing
Authors: Wijayatunga Minduli , Wu Xiaofeng
Published: March 2021

The end of 2019 marked a bushfire crisis for Australia that affected more than 100000km2 of land and destroyed more than 2000 houses. Here, we propose a method of in-orbit bushfire detection with high efficiency to prevent a repetition of this disaster. An LEO satellite constellation is first developed through NSGA-II (Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II), optimising for coverage over Australia. Then edge computing is adopted to run a bushfire detection algorithm using several constellation satellites as edge nodes to reduce fire detection time. A geostationary satellite is used for inter-satellite communications, such that an image taken by a satellite can be distributed among several satellites for processing. The geostationary satellite also maintains a constant link to the ground, so that a bushfire detection can be reported back without any significant delay. Overall, this system is able to detect fires that span more than 5m in length, and can make detections in 1.39s per image processed. This is faster than any currently available bushfire detection method.
Pathogenetic rationale for a comprehensive approach to the treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia induced by human papillomavirus
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Davydov A.I. , Shakhlamova M.N. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Lebedev V.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) induced by human papillomavirus (HPV) has always been the object of discussion primarily due to the high incidence of CIN relapses after combination (comprehensive) therapy. Inadequate postoperative pharmacotherapy is believed to be one of the main causes of CIN recurrence. This is confirmed by the evidence of interaction between HPV and interferons, in which the virus indirectly suppresses interferon production. This mechanism explains suboptimal efficacy of interferons and/or their inducers in patients with HPV-induced CIN. Conclusion. Inosine pranobex as an immunostimulating agent with antiviral activity should be considered the drug of choice for postoperative pharmacotherapy in patients with HPV-induced CIN and can be used as monotherapy. Key words: CIN, human papillomavirus, comprehensive therapy, CIN relapses, inosine pranobex
Current approaches to the diagnosis of early oligohydramnios
Authors:   A.I.Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Moscow, Russian Federation, Voevodin S.M. , Shemanaeva T.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Serova A.V. ,   Tver State Medical University, Tver, Russian Federation
Published: March 2021

Objective. To compare the methods of oligohydramnios (OHA) diagnosis using 2D- and 3D-ultrasound and to determine clinical significance of OHA in women with intrauterine infection. Patients and methods. We evaluated the amount of amniotic fluid in 130 pregnant women (at weeks 13–21) aged between 17 and 45 years by measuring the largest vertical pocket and calculating the volume of the largest pocket. Seventy patients were found to have reduced amount of amniotic fluid (Group 1). Sixty women comprised the control group (Group 2). Results. The method for measuring the largest vertical diameter of a fluid pocket demonstrated the following performance characteristics: 84% sensitivity, 94% specificity, 87.9% accuracy, and 0.5 AUC. The performance of measurement of the largest pocket volume was as follows: 92.5% sensitivity, 97.3% specificity, 96.1% accuracy, and 0.8 AUC. Perinatal losses were observed only in Group 1 (n = 2; 28.6%). Women in Group 1 were more likely to have fetal hypotrophy than women in Group 2 (54 (77.1%) vs 5 (8.3%)). Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and intrauterine infections were also more common among patients with OH than in controls (65 (92.8%) vs 4 (6.6%) and 59 (84.3%) vs 7 (11.6%), respectively) (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Early OH is a marker of severe obstetric and perinatal complications in patients with signs of intrauterine infections. Measurement of the largest pocket volume demonstrated better performance characteristics for the detection of early OH than calculation of the largest vertical diameter of a fluid pocket. Key words: intrauterine infection, oligohydramnios, amniotic fluid, three-dimensional ultrasound
ANALISIS HUBUNG SINGKAT PADA GARDU INDUK 150/20 KV (STUDI KASUS DI GARDU INDUK GANDUL, CINERE)
Authors: Calnela Cilvia , Suyitno  , Arif Raharjo Imam
Published: March 2021

This study aims to determine the difference in short circuit current with manual calculation and ETAP 12.60 Simulation  in to know the suitability of capacity circuit breaker Substasion 150/20 kV at Gandul. The used method is qualitative descriptive method. The subject that will be studied is short circuit on the substation 150/20 kV Gandul Cinere. The research was conducted by using is manual calculation and software ETAP 12.60 simulation. The results obtained is differences of the short circuit current is not significant between the manual calculation and software ETAP 12.60 simulation in three conditions include 0.572% for the conditions of short circuit fault of one phase to ground, 0.884% for the conditions of short circuit fault of phase to phase and last 0.884% for the short circuit fault of three phase. Furthermore, the result of the calculation of the short circuit current will be used as an indicator of a determinant of the suitability of the capacity circuit breaker substation 150/20 kV at Gandul , obtained that a comparison of the rating circuit breaker installed (existing) is great against the result of the election of the rating circuit breaker base on manual calculation. So it can be concluded that the circuit breaker beinstalled on the substation 150/20 KV at Gandul, has a capacity that suits your needs and still fit for use.

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan besar arus hubung singkat antara perhitungan manual dan simulasi ETAP Power Station 12.6 serta untuk mengetahui kesesuaian kapasitas pemutus tenaga GI Gandul 150/20 kV. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah arus hubung singkat pada Gardu Induk 150/20 kV Gandul Cinere. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan perhitungan manual dan simulasi software ETAP Power Station 12.6. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa perbedaan hasil arus hubung singkat yang tidak signifikan antara perhitungan manual dan simulasi software ETAP Power Station 12.6 dalam tiga kondisi meliputi 0.572% untuk kondisi gangguan hubung singkat salah satu fasa ketanah, 0.884% untuk kondisi gangguan arus hubung singkat fasa ke fasa dan terakhir 0.884% untuk gangguan arus hubung singkat tiga fasa. Selanjutnya, hasil perhitungan arus hubung singkat tersebut akan digunakan sebagai indikator penentu kesesuaian kapasitas pemutus PMT (Circuit Breaker) GI Gandul 150/20 kV, diperoleh bahwa perbandingan rating pemutus PMT yang terpasang (existing) lebih besar terhadap hasil pemilihan rating pemutus PMT berdasarkan perhitungan manual. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemutus tenaga yang terpasang pada di GI Gandul 150/20 kV memiliki kapasitas yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan masih layak digunakan.
Tuberculosis and Music: A Case Report and Review of Clinical, Epidemiologic, and Cultural Factors
Authors: Herer Bertrand
Published: March 2021

Tuberculosis occupies a special place among respiratory diseases due to a number of widely discrepant factors: its continued clinical and scientific importance, the major socioeconomic issues associated with the disease, and the frequency with which it figures in artistic life. This
case report of tuberculosis in a musician provides an introduction to a review of the clinical, epidemiologic, and cultural links between tuberculosis and music. The following points are considered: medical management of tuberculosis, transmission of tuberculosis in congregate musical settings,
tuberculosis and socioeconomic status of musicians, and artistic relationships between tuberculosis and music. The close relationship between medicine and the arts and the global implications in control of tuberculosis were the basis for undertaking this review.
Myofascial Pain in a Guitarist
Authors: Wee Joy , Brandfonbrener Alice
Published: March 2021

This right-handed, 22-year-old guitarist presents with a 4.5-year history of left arm symptoms, which worsen with prolonged guitar playing. Discomfort is localized at the left antecubital fossa and might spread to the volar wrist and pectoral muscle region. A swelling is sometimes felt
at the proximal forearm, occasionally associated with erythema. Discomfort is sometimes worse in the morning after a long day of guitar playing. In general, he feels that his muscles are weaker than before, as he has not been using them as much, but there is no localized muscle weakness, numbness,
or tingling.
Functional anatomy of the hand; Movements of the fingers; Fundamental positions for instrumental musicians [a series of 3 articles]
Authors: Tubiana Raoul , Chamagne Philippe
Published: March 2021

In celebration of MPPA’s 20 years of publication, we are looking back at some of the notable articles that appeared in the early issues. This series of three papers, authored by Prof. Raoul Tubiana and colleagues, explores the functional anatomy of arm, hands and fingers and the
effects of arm positioning on the general posture of musicians. Originally published in September 1988 [1988;3(3):83-87], December 1988 [1988;3(4):123-128], and June 1989 [1989;4(4):83-76].
Diversity in Performing Arts Medicine
Authors: Manchester Ralph A
Published: March 2021

As the diverse populations of the planet interact on a more frequent and intense basis, it becomes increasingly important for every individual and organization to examine its own approach to this vital issue. The field of performing arts medicine should pay particular attention to diversity
for a number of reasons, some of which will help to advance our specialty and improve the lives of performing artists, while others may help save the world.
Overuse Injuries in Non-Classical Recreational Instrumentalists
Authors: Buckley Taylor , Manchester Ralph
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Performing arts medicine has traditionally focused on the medical problems of classical musicians. Unfortunately, there is a paucity of data regarding differential incidence or prevalence of injury in nonclassical musicians. The present study analyzed the baseline prevalence,
new onset of injury following a substantial increase in playing time at a music camp, and any possible correlation with technical and postural deficits in a population of amateur folk instrumentalists. Methods: Preliminary and follow-up questionnaires were used to gather background and new
incidence data, respectively. A subset of subjects was recorded on video, which was independently analyzed for technical deficits at a later time. Results: Lifetime prevalence is 54% for a previous injury attributed to playing a musical instrument and point prevalence is 19%. Following the
camp, prevalence increased to 44% (p = 0.001), and incidence of new injury was 31%, including individuals with more than one active injury. A higher rate of injury correlated with a greater increase in absolute playing time, relative playing time above baseline, and absolute time above baseline
during the camp, although these did not reach statistical significance. The limited technical analysis qualitatively correlated a technical deficit to an injury at the same anatomical location in 15 of 47 cases using only a single-view video for analysis. Conclusion: Lifetime and point prevalence
is similar to that reported in several studies of classical musicians. Further inquiry into technical and postural analysis may help to identify the cause of, and potentially prevent, overuse injuries in folk and classical musicians.
Health Promotion in Schools of Music: Initial Recommendations for Schools of Music
Authors: Chesky Kris S , Dawson William J , Manchester Ralph
Published: March 2021

The primary goal of the Health Promotion in Schools of Music (HPSM) Project is to assist schools of music to prevent occupational injuries associated with learning and performing music. With this goal in mind, a national conference was hosted in the fall of 2004 to connect health care
experts with individuals and organizations involved in the education of musicians.
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Self-ratings During Periods of Normal and Over Hydration
Authors: Musser Joy , Lee Linda , Maddox Staci , Stemple Joseph C , Vera Rocco Dal
Published: March 2021

The current recommendation for any professional voice user is to drink at least 64 oz of water per day, but the optimal amount is unknown and frequently more is recommended. Body response to fluid adjustment is not well defined. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) was used to measure
body water changes of in young adults (15 males, 21 females) studying acting and communication sciences and disorders at a university. Half had habitually good hydration and half were poorly hydrated. A counter-balanced design was used for two 3-day periods of normal and over-hydration conditions,
separated by 1 week. The time of the menstrual cycle was controlled for in one group of females. Participants drank 64 oz of water/day for normal hydration and 112 oz for over-hydration. BIA measurements of total body weight, total body water, and electrical impedance were collected during
the first and third day of each hydration condition, and participants provided self-ratings of perceived hydration levels. Manipulating water intake did not change overall total body water levels. Results revealed no significant gains in total body water during the over-hydration condition,
even among participants with poor baseline hydration. The homeostatic level may have been influenced by habitual hydration and require more time to change. Participants were inaccurate in their self-assessments of body water levels.
Abstracts from the Literature, No. 42
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: March 2021

Installment 42.
Anthropometric Characteristics and Delayed Growth in Young Artistic Gymnasts
Authors: Siatras Theophanis , Skaperda Malamati , Mameletzi Dimitra
Published: March 2021

This article addresses the problem of whether high-impact artistic gymnastics training could cause delayed growth in young male and female athletes, as is believed to be the case in professional dancers. The main anthropometric characteristics of young gymnasts were measured, and the
differences between gymnasts, swimmers, and nonathletes were examined. Twenty competitive gymnasts, 20 competitive swimmers, and 20 nonathletes, aged 10 to 12 yrs old, volunteered to participate in this study. Testing took place in a training field and the equipment consisted of portable anthropometric
instruments. Measurements concerned body mass, stature, segment lengths (arm, forearm, trunk, thigh, and calf), body breadths (biacromical, biiliac, wrist, and ankle), circumferences (arm and thigh), and skinfold thicknesses (arm, thigh, and calf). Triceps and calf skinfold thicknesses were
used to estimate the body fat percentage (%BF). The lean body mass percentage (%LBM) and the LBM/BF ratio were also evaluated. Moreover, cross-sectional areas of the arm (CSAarm) and thigh (CSAthigh) were calculated, taking into consideration the limb's circumference and four circumferential
skinfolds. The results showed that, generally, young male and female gymnasts had smaller body dimensions in some anthropometric characteristics compared to swimmers and nonathletes. This mainly focused on body weight, arm and calf lengths, biiliac/biacromial breadths ratio, skinfold thicknesses,
and %BF. However, gymnasts had higher %LBM, LBM/BF ratio, and CSAarm. No significant differences were found in the rest of body dimensions and composition. Although young male and female gymnasts appeared to have some lower anthropometric characteristics compared to the other two groups, it
has not clearly demonstrated a delay in their somatic growth and skeletal development.