bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
НЮРНБЕРГСКИЙ ПРОЦЕСС КАК ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ СОЛИДАРНОСТИ В БОРЬБЕ С НАЦИЗМОМ
Authors: Тулупова Елена Олеговна , Демидова Татьяна Константиновна , Васильев Александр Викторович , Юсупова Розалия Римовна
Published: January 2023

Нюрнбергский трибунал, проходивший с 20 ноября 1945 г. по 1 октября 1946 г., стал важной вехой в истории международного уголовного права и человечества в целом. Это первый судебный процесс, в результате которого к ответу за ведение агрессивной войны были привлечены официальные лица – военные и политические руководители Германии. Это был первый масштабный исторический опыт, результатом которого стали реальные наказания для тех, кого обычно могла осудить только человеческая совесть. Авторское обращение к процессу и его значению в истории обусловлено сложившейся в последнее время тенденцией искажения исторических событий, имеющих прямое к нему отношение.
ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ И РАЦИОНАЛИЗАЦИЯ ПРАВОПРИМЕНИТЕЛЬНОЙ ПРАКТИКИ В КРИМИНАЛИСТИЧЕСКОМ ИЗМЕРЕНИИ
Authors: Полстовалов Олег Владимирович
Published: January 2023

Электронные технологии проникают во все сферы жизнедеятельности людей. Не остается в стороне и правоприменительная практика. С учетом тех возможностей, которыми обладают новые технологии, искусственный интеллект и математическое моделирование могут оказать большую помощь не только при расследовании и раскрытии преступлений, но и в криминалистической их профилактике.
МИРОВЫЕ ТЕНДЕНЦИИ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ ИСПОЛНИТЕЛЬНОГО ПРОИЗВОДСТВА
Authors: Кузнецов Евгений Николаевич
Published: January 2023

В статье выделяются основные мировые тенденции цифровизации исполнительного производства, прошедшие апробацию на уровне национальных правовых систем. Активно использована современная доктрина исполнительного производства зарубежных стран. Сформулирован запрос на необходимость учета достижений мировой юридической общественности в контексте возможной рецепции отдельных трендов Глобального кодекса цифрового исполнения. Сформулирован вывод об ограниченном использовании возможностей цифровизации в современном российском исполнительном производстве.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ОКАЗАНИЯ БЕСПЛАТНОЙ ПРАВОВОЙ ПОМОЩИ ЮРИДИЧЕСКИМИ КЛИНИКАМИ
Authors: Семёнова Елена Юрьевна
Published: January 2023

Статья посвящена особенностям оказания юридическими клиниками правовой помощи. Особое внимание обращается на виды оказываемой помощи. На основе исследования автором определяется возможность осуществления представительства студентами – консультантами юридических клиник. Рассматриваются требования, предъявляемые законодательством к обучающимся, оказывающим бесплатную юридическую помощь. Делается вывод о том, что юридические клиники активно действуют в направлении повышения правовой компетентности и правового развития молодежи, пенсионеров и других членов общества.
ЗАКОНЫ ПРИРОДЫ ЧЕЛОВЕКА И ИХ РОЛЬ В ОБРАЗОВАНИИ И РАЗВИТИИ ГОСУДАРСТВА
Authors: Раянов Фанис Мансурович
Published: January 2023

До сих пор в теоретической юридической науке проблемы образования и развития государства трактовались с опорой на природу и характер экономических отношений, сформированных в соответствии с марксистско-ленинским учением о закономерностях общественного развития. Даже появились социалистические государства, ведущее место среди которых принадлежало Советскому Союзу. С его распадом строительство социалистических государств перестало быть актуальным, а перед нашей страной встала проблема поиска оптимальных путей ее дальнейшего развития. Более того, вопрос о том, в каком направлении следует развиваться Российской Федерации, с каждым днем все больше актуализируется. Статья нацелена на поиск и обоснование путей государственно-правового развития Российской Федерации применительно к современным условиям и вызовам.
ПРИНАДЛЕЖАЛ ЛИ СССР К ГОСУДАРСТВАМ АСП?
Authors: Тимонин Анатолий Николаевич
Published: January 2023

Вопросы «кто мы?», «откуда мы и куда идем?» с завидной регулярностью звучат сегодня из уст не только профессиональных ученых, но и популярных тележурналистов. Без ответов на них решить проблемы типологической принадлежности Союза ССР не представляется возможным. «Прорабы перестройки» оставили после себя одни лишь «тощие абстракции», выраженные аббревиатурой АБС или же АКС. Изменилась ли сколько-нибудь существенно ситуация в этой сфере познания в наши дни? Не претендуя на истину в последней инстанции, необходимо заново рассмотреть основные варианты отмеченной проблемы, включая и такой экзотический, как «азиатская» атрибуция СССР. Методы: интерпретации, исторический, логический, проблемно-теоретический, сравнительный, текстологический. Результаты: необходимо избавиться от давно устаревших штампов, в соответствии с которыми прообразы некогда всесильного государства, облеченного тотальной властью, надо искать на Древнем Востоке, а также и от тех стереотипов, согласно которым не только весь Восток, но и наша страна выглядит обителью вечного деспотизма. Необходимо также преодолеть механицистские представления об обществе, государстве, праве и человеке.
ИСКУССТВЕННЫЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТ: ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ СТАТУСА В ТЕОРИИ ПРАВА И ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВЕ
Authors: Филиппов Олег Александрович , Мамлеева Инга Валерьевна
Published: January 2023

В статье проведен анализ правового статуса искусственного интеллекта. Поставлен вопрос о необходимости определения границ правосубъектности искусственного интеллекта, формирования новых стратегий и нормоустановлений в правовом регулировании общественных отношений, складывающихся по поводу использования искусственного интеллекта, создания концепции ответственности в сфере его применения.
АНАЛИЗ ПОДХОДОВ К ПОНИМАНИЮ ТЕРМИНА «ПРОЦЕССУАЛЬНОЕ ПРОИЗВОДСТВО»
Authors: Гимазетдинов Амир Альбертович , Юсупов Рахимьян Галимьянович
Published: January 2023

В статье исследуется сущность понятия «процессуальное производство». Нормативного определения это понятие не имеет, а в научных публикациях разные авторы отводят ему разную функциональную роль. Устоялось мнение, что процессуальное производство является элементом более широкой категории – юридического процесса. Однако анализ взглядов ученых относительно признаков процессуального производства и юридического процесса показал, что эти понятия по содержанию совпадают. Данное исследование является поводом задуматься о том, чтобы на уровне общей теории права привести понятийный аппарат в порядок. Если юридическое сообщество считает нужным различать процессуальное производство и юридический процесс, то необходимо различия между этими понятиями выявить и непротиворечиво, логично объяснить. Если принципиально этот вопрос не стоит, можно считать, что исследуемые понятия являются синонимами и использовать их наряду с другими.
ВАЛЮТНЫЙ КУРС КАК ЦЕНА ДЕНЕГ В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Крылов Олег Михайлович
Published: January 2023

В статье рассматривается вопрос валютного курса как цены денег в Российской Федерации. Изложено понимание цены денег относительно курса иностранной валюты и несоответствие нынешней ситуации в правовом регулировании цены иностранной валюты принципу определения цены товара для эффективного определения прибыли организации для исчисления суммы уплаты налога на прибыль. Также выявлено несоответствие правового регулирования цены денег относительно воз­можности реализации (приобретения) иностранной валюты по установленному курсу.
LEGAL PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT FROM POLLUTION BY SOLID MUNICIPAL WASTE
Authors: Ibatullina Natalya Sergeevna
Published: January 2023

The steady increase in municipal waste is one of the most important environmental problems to be addressed immediately, as unused and uncleared waste is deposited and accumulated in the environment, causing significant environmental damage, including the health of citizens. In Bashkortostan, as well as throughout the country, there is an increase in the annual volume of solid municipal waste formation, which currently amounts to about 1.5 million tons in the republic. The upward trend in solid municipal waste formation continues. The article reveals and describes the problems of the republic, connected with the main ways of utilization of solid municipal waste, which is mainly burial of waste. Waste should be considered as a source of secondary raw material. The author provides the main legal sources in the field of solid household waste management in the republic, in particular, and in the Russian Federation in general, as well as examples of judicial practice in the republic of Bashkortostan. It seems necessary to develop approaches to waste management, in which the main criteria: environmental safety and recycling efficiency should be taken into account. Solutions to the identified problems are the construction of accommodation and processing facilities, financial state support, improvement of the legal framework in this area, as well as raising the level of awareness of citizens in the field of waste sorting and recycling.
The topicality of the issue of nitrates control in food products
Authors: Demich H.А. , Koval A.V. , Stadnichuk N.О. , Yevtushenko T.V. , Kostiuchenko T.P.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Nitrates are natural metabolic products of all plants. They are vital to plants – without them their normal growth and development is impossible. However, the uncontrolled use of nitrogen fertilizers has led to their uncontrolled accumulation in food products. When eating vegetables with high amounts of nitrates, they are partially restored to nitrites in the intestinal tract, and the latter, entering the bloodstream cause diseases – methemoglobinemia. Therefore, quantitative and qualitative determination of nitrates and nitrites in plant and animal products, water and soils are relevant today. Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the essence of the problem of excessive accumulation of nitrates in agricultural products and their negative impact on human health is highlighted.

Aim. The aim of the research was to determine experimentally the concentration of nitrates and nitrites in plant and animal products, water and soils, to compare it with the maximum allowable concentration as required by Commission Regulation (EU) No 1258/2011 on maximum nitrate content in vegetables and by State sanitary rules and regulations on Maximum Permissible Levels of Certain Contaminants in Food, approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine of May 13, 2013 No 368 (as amended by the order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine of May 22, 2020 No 1238).

Materials and Methods. Sources of information retrieval in printed and electronic publications, databases search engines, methods of analysis, comparison and generalization of data. Photometric method.

Results. The analysis of the value of nitrates in nature, sources of this substance in food was conducted; normalization of the content of nitrate components, the problem of plant products quality decline due to the uncontrolled use of fertilizers was studied; the content of nitrates in plant and animal products; the harmful effects of products with high nitrate content were considered; a comprehensive assessment of nitrate content in plant products was carried out; comparative characteristics of methods for determination of nitrate compounds were given; the consequences of consumption of products with high nitrate content were analyzed.

Conclusions. The problem of nitrate pollution is becoming increasingly significant, because the amount and speed of the nitrate nitrogen cycle in the environment is constantly increasing, which increases its impact on natural systems and the possibility of nitrate accumulation in crop products, humans and animals. Therefore, the implementation of analytical control of food and environmental objects is important to obtain objective information about the content of man-made pollutants, which are nitrates and nitrites.

Key Words: nitrates, maximum permissible level, nitrate compounds, nitrate pollution.
Peculiarities of protein exchange, protein physiological significance and its actual content in the diets of children living on the territories radioactively contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident
Authors: Matasar I.T.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Aim. Proteins as well as other food ingredients form tissues, they are involved in the growth, development and recovery of organs and systems of living organisms, are a component of enzymes and hormones.

Materials and Methods. The main sources of proteins for the human body and their functional significance are presented in the article. The focus is on the actual consumption of protein by children living in settlements affected by the Chernobyl accident. It is shown that children’s diets did not contain enough meat and meat products, fish and fish products, eggs, milk and dairy products, butter, sour cream and hard cheeses. The definition of an ideal protein is given. It is shown that the quality of proteins is determined by the set of amino acids of which they consist and their total number, as well as the sequence of connection of the latter with each other.

Conclusions. The content of essential amino acids according to children’s diets is analyzed and their significance is described. The need to take measures to ensure protein intake within physiological needs, which will contribute to the prevention of nutritional deficiency and nutritional deficiency related diseases, was emphasized.

Key Words: Chernobyl accident, infantile atrophy, hypothalamus, sources of receipt, ideal protein, kwashiorkor, population, indispensable amino acids, oligopeptides, nutrients, recommended daily intake, polypeptides, food, receptor imprinting, protein consumption, physiological significance, center of hunger.
On the results of international cooperation of the research center in the field of chemical, biological, radiologycal and nuclear safety (2017-2021)
Authors: Prodanchuk M.G. , Kravchuk O.P. , Kurdil N.V. , Ustinova L.A. , Hrynko A.P. , Aleynov P.V. , Mykhailov V.S.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. The scale and nature of the existing external and internal threats form the directions of international security cooperation for Ukraine, which today focus on a range of topical issues in the field of chemical, biological and radiation safety.

Aim. Evaluation of the results of international cooperation of the Scientific Center in the field of chemical safety, in particular in matters related to the identification of controlled and toxic chemical substances.

Materials and Methods. The results of the international activity of the Scientific Center in the field of chemical safety for the past 5 years are summarized; cooperation with international donors, representatives of the government of Ukraine, scientists and non-governmental organizations is summarized.

Results. A key event in the field of international cooperation was participation in G-7 Regular Meeting within the framework of the Global Partnership (Munich, Germany, 2014), where Ukraine presented about 90 projects in three areas: chemical, biological and physical nuclear safety. The results of the implementation of OSCE Project Coordinator in Ukraine: "Integrated Chemical Safety and Security Program in Ukraine (ICSSP) (2014-2019) and "Enhancing Ukraine's Chemical Emergency Response Capacity) (2020-2021) are highly appreciated. Participation in Project Project 57: Strengthening crime scene forensics capabilities in investigating CBRN incidents in the South East and Eastern Europe Centers of Excellence Region (2018-2020) and "South East and Eastern Europe CBRN Risk Mitigation and Security Governance Program (UNICRI) (2021) had significant scientific and practical results.

Conclusions. Participation in the work of international projects is invaluable in shaping the professional worldview of scientists and specialists whose activities belong to the sphere of CBRN security. The joint implementation of international initiatives provides a real opportunity for the operational implementation of new experience in practice, which is reflected in the plans of scientific works, the content of trainings and educational programs for the training of specialists who, according to their professional duties, need modern knowledge in the field of managing the consequences of CBRN threats.

Key Words: chemicals, chemical safety, toxicology.
Effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination among COVID-19 patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Das Shuva , Ripon Rezaul Karim , Sujan Md Safaet Hossain , Tumpa Nadia Islam , Khan Ayesha Ahmed , Dhar Akhi , Biswas Rajat Sanker Roy , Hoque Md Minhazul , Rudra Sujan , Akter Mohosina , Hasan Mohammad Mohiuddin , Koly Kamrun N
Published: January 2023

It is currently unknown how effective the COVID-19 vaccine is at preventing new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections among the general population. The study suggests that a safe and efficient vaccination against the COVID-19 could help manage this pandemic if widely distributed. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine in between vaccinated and unvaccinated cohorts. A retrospective multicenter cohort study comprised 1244 COVID-19 positive patients enrolled in this study from three different hospitals among patients who had been appropriately vaccinated or not between April and June 2021. Data were collected by face-to-face survey, and clinical investigations were obtained by observation. Descriptive statistics and the Cox proportional hazard model of survival analysis were performed in the study. Among the participants, 69% of vaccinated cohorts did not require hospitalization, and 97% successfully recovered from the infection. In respect of age, compared with unvaccinated cohorts, the vaccine effectiveness varied from 81% to 92%. The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine was more effective among those aged 60-69 years old and reduced 92% hazard of death than the unvaccinated group [HR ratio - 0.081(.036-.179), P=0.0001]. The study found the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is highly effective for receivers. The COVID-19 vaccination demonstrated a significant correlation with a reduced probability of disease severity, hospital admission rate, early recovery from illness, and mortality.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (4), 251-263
Night time smoking among Bangladeshi adults: effect on sleep quality and musculoskeletal health
Authors: Suman AHM Khairul Imam , Begum Khadija , Rahman Kaniz , Khan Saiful Bahar , Mobin AQM , Johora Fatema Tuj , Alam Morshad
Published: January 2023

Quality of sleep is linked to a number of illnesses, including cardiovascular problems, diabetes, mental and behavioral issues. The study determined the impact of night time smoking on sleep quality and musculoskeletal health. A cross -sectional study was conducted among desk-based officials of Dhaka city between June to September 2022 using convenient sampling technique. Sleep quality was measured by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Data were collected through structured interview and analyzed by IBM SPSS 25 statistical package software. A total of 261 desk-based officials who do smoke were included in this study and among them, 132 (50.6%) were night time smokers. More than half of the study participants had poor sleep quality (58.6%). Night time smoking habit (OR= 2.59, 95% CI: 1.55 - 4.32) and doing a job in a private organization (OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.02 - 2.85) were a significant predictor of poor sleep quality. On the other hand, various musculoskeletal health issues such as pain in the shoulder/ neck, pain in the back/ lower back, and pain in arms etc. were also scientifically associated with night time smoking habit (P<0.05). Night smoking poses a significant health risk as it is associated with sleep disturbance and musculoskeletal health problems. Lifestyle modification of desk-based officials is urgent to reduce the health risk.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (4), 264-269
Orthodontıc treatment and oral flora
Authors: Isler Aybuke Asena Atasever
Published: January 2023

The general aim of orthodontic treatment is to provide ideal occlusion, facial aesthetics and stability in individuals, as well as to provide healthy periodontal structures. A good orthodontic treatment can be possible with healthy gingiva. Plaque accumulation may occur in the tooth areas around the equipment used in orthodontic appliances. The microbiological composition of dental plaque is related to dental and oral health. During the orthodontic treatment process, microbiological changes may occur in the flora. Therefore, before starting orthodontic treatment, the oral hygiene of the patient should be checked. It should be considered that the lack of oral hygiene may cause complications. In this review, information on the relationship between orthodontic treatment and oral flora is summarized.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (4), 181-186
Larvicidal efficacy of selected medicinal plants against the filarial vector mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Rahman Khondoker Md Zulfiker , Razzak Mohammad Abdur
Published: January 2023

The present research was conducted to assess the mosquito larvicidal potential of selected medicinal plants using an effective but simple method. Aqueous extracts of roots of three selected medicinal plants viz. Derris scandens, Rubia cordifolia and Saussurea lappa were evaluated for their mosquito larvicidal potential against the 3rd instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus Say (1823) under laboratory settings. Aqueous extracts of these plants at seven different concentrations (1, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 300 ppm) exhibited considerable mortality of the 3rd instar larvae after 24 and 48 h exposure. Among the plants, D. scandens root extract exhibited the highest toxicity inducing 100% larval mortality after 24 h exposure at 250 ppm concentration, followed by the root extracts of R. cordifolia and S. lappa inducing 98.4% and 87.8% larval mortality, respectively. Overall, extracts of all the plants exhibited a strong positive correlation between the concentration of extracts and larval mortality (p˂0.001) with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.90. The LC50 and LC90 values after 24 h contact demonstrated D. scandens as the most toxic with the lowest LC50 and LC90 values (LC50=78.20 ppm, LC90=147.33 ppm) followed by R. cordifolia (LC50= 89.32 ppm, LC90=204.09 ppm)  and S. lappa (LC50=112.29 ppm, LC90=248.72 ppm), respectively. Our results clearly indicated that all the plants' aqueous extracts showed considerable larvicidal potential against the 3rd instar larvae of C. quinquefasciatus. To conclude, the application of aqueous extracts from these plants to larval habitats may efficiently control C. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes, hence, can be recommended as a potential alternative to chemical insecticides against these vectors.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (4), 187-193
Analysis of Cr (VI) accumulation from feed to broiler chicken by using spectroscopy
Authors: Hossen Md Showkat , Ahmed Shamima , Ali Mohammad Shaokat
Published: January 2023

Broiler chicken is one of the major dietary protein sources in Bangladesh. This study is aimed to investigate the status of chromium (VI) content in broiler feeds and water, as well as the risk of chromium (VI) in broiler meat, liver, and brain. For this investigation, a total of five broiler-rearing farms were chosen, each with a different type of broiler feed. A total of fifteen broiler chickens along with the water and feed samples were collected from those broiler farms. The concentration of chromium (VI) in feed, water, broiler meat, liver, and brain samples was determined using an Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Two feed samples (Farm B and Farm D) were found to be chromium (VI) polluted (3.157±0.050 mg/Kg and 3.510±0.095 mg/Kg respectively), while water samples were found to be devoid of contamination. Only meat, liver, and brain samples from several farms were found to have chromium (VI). Brain samples exhibited the highest concentration of chromium (3.550±1.281 mg/Kg) compared to the liver (2.700±1.084 mg/Kg) and muscle meat (0.857±0.076 mg/Kg) samples. The amounts of chromium (VI) in the broiler brain and liver were found to be substantially higher than FAO and WHO acceptable standards. The rate of chromium (VI) concentration in meat samples was below the allowed level. It is proposed that precautions should be taken to detect chromium in chicken feed to assess health hazards and protect humans from food that could have serious negative consequences for their health.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (4), 225-229
Prevalence of peste des petits ruminants and concurrent hematological, liver and kidney function test of Black Bengal goats reared in Jaintapur, Sylhet district in Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Md Saif , Hasan Sajibul , Miah Mohammad Alam
Published: January 2023

Hemato-biochemical parameters aid in the formulation of effective treatment and supportive therapy for infectious diseases of animals such as peste des petits ruminants (PPR). The present study investigated the prevalence of PPR in Black Bengal goats reared in Jaintapur, Sylhet and concurrent hematology, liver and kidney function tests of PPR infected goats. Information of PPR infected goats was recorded according to age and sex by asking questions to the owner or farmers. Blood samples from 10 PPR-infected Black Bengal goats and 10 normal healthy goats were collected and analyzed using routine blood and biochemical tests. PPR positive cases were found in 60 of 125 goats examined based on clinical signs. The highest prevalence (50%) was recorded in young goats (below 12 months) followed by goats of 12-24 months of age and older goats (above 25 months). Older goats were less susceptible to PPR infection. Male goats were less susceptible to PPR infection (31.66%) compared to female goats (68.33%). PPR is more likely in goats with lower body condition score (BCS). PPR-infected goats had macrocytic hypochromic anemia, as evidenced by significantly lower TEC, Hb, and PCV levels and higher MCV and MCH levels. The total leucocyte count (TLC) was significantly (P<0.05) decreased, neutrophils numbers were significantly increased but lymphocyte numbers were decreased in PPR infected goats. ALT, AST and creatinine reflect the liver and kidney functions. PPR-infected goats had significantly higher (P<0.05) AST, ALT and creatinine values than normal healthy goats. A high level of AST and ALT in PPR-infected goats might be due to liver damage. The high creatinine level indicates functional damage to the kidney. In conclusion, Prevalence of PPR in higher in Black Bengal goats reared in Jaintapur, Sylhet and PPR virus altered the hematological parameters and liver and kidney function test of the PPR infected goats.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (4), 270-276
Cost-benefit ratio analysis of freshwater aquaculture in selected area of Southern Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Baadruzzoha , Iqbal Mohammed Mahbub , Abit Lirong Yu
Published: January 2023

The agriculture industry is widely believed to be essential to the nation's long-term growth and prosperity. In many ways, including via enhanced food security, employment, and economic growth, the agricultural sector as a whole and fisheries in particular have made significant contributions to enhancing people's health and well-being. A variety of measures may be used to determine the financial health of the fish farms. The purpose of this study was to estimate the financial viability of fish pond farming and to ascertain its advantages and disadvantages. From the Taltoli upazila in the Barguna area, sixty pond fish breeders were randomly selected. These figures allow us to calculate the gross cost of producing pond fish per hectare to be 1378806 BDT, the gross return to be 2125023 BDT, and the net return to be 746217 BDT. The findings of this study proved that pond fish farming was a profitable endeavor in the region that was being studied. The Cobb-Douglas production function was further employed in order to better comprehend the part that each variable in the production of pond fish plays. The majority of the taken into account factors were demonstrated to have a considerable impact on fish productivity. The returns on pond fish production were positively and statistically significantly impacted by four of the six parameters studied. To improve the management and cultivation of pond fish farming, certain recommendations were made.
Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. 2022, 8 (4), 240-250
Assessment of the Hydraulic Geometry of the Upper Meghna River in Bangladesh
Authors: Das Niloy , Akter Mullick Md Reaz
Published: January 2023

The Meghna is one of the major rivers in Bangladesh. Frequent changes in flow and water level is a regular phenomenon due to the high seasonal rainfall variation. Such variations are exaggerated with cliamte change induced effects. Hence, it is crucial to figure out how climate change will affect the Meghna river's hydraulic properties. This study assesses water surface profile of a specific 120 km long reach of the Meghna river. A model was set up to run unsteady flow analysis for the years 2018, 2019, and 2020. The result matches well with the actual observation after calibration and validation. The study finds maximum water level during August, which mostly correlates with the high rainfall during this month of the monsoon season. The model has also been used to run a steady flow analysis for the return period of 2.33 years, 5 years, and 20 years. The result is useful for the sustainable design of bridges and other hydraulic structures.
Journal of Engineering Science 13(2), 2022, 1-10
Motorcyclist Safety Risk and Attitude to Using Helmet
Authors: Hasan M F , Mahmud S M S , Raihan M A , Akter A , Bhattacharjee A
Published: January 2023

The quantity of motor-bikers has dramatically expanded in Bangladesh, with the presentation of the ridesharing business. Consequently, crashes involving a motorcycle with fatalities and injuries are also increasing. One of the proven most effective safety measures for a biker is the use of a helmet. But there is no study on the use of helmets and the attitude of users to use the helmet. This research conducts an in-depth analysis of motorcycle safety risk using reported crash records as well as a comprehensive questionnaire survey among the bikers. The study also explores helmet usage attitude and evaluates the standard of the helmet being used. Overall, around 72% self-proclaimed they do not do wrong practice while riding a motorcycle. However, more than one-fourth of motorcycle drivers/riders misbehave or ill practice at different levels either often or always. Concern authorities could gainfully use the findings to develop motorcycle risk management strategies.
Journal of Engineering Science 13(2), 2022, 11-20
Car Users Willingness to Change Travel Mode in Response to On-street Parking Pricing: A Case Study of Dhaka City
Authors: Rahman Farzana , Halder Steve Evan
Published: January 2023

Dhaka is facing severe on-street parking challenges as car ownership emerges. This situation has led traffic congestion not only in local roads but also in collector and arterial roads. Parking plays a significant function in the management of traffic and congestion. In Dhaka city most of the on-street parking spaces are free which persuades car users to park their car randomly. The objective of this research is to examine car users’ behavior if on-street parking pricing is implemented. A questionnaire survey was conducted in arterial, feeder (or collector) and in local roads at 16 locations in Dhaka city. Attention was drawn to confirm that the survey could deal with either professional drivers o r motorists driving their own car as respondents. A multinomial logistic regression model was developed by using the data collected from 500 respondents. Based on the analytical results along with in-depth on-site investigations it was found that the probability of changing mode due to on street parking pricing is insignificant. Result demonstrates that educational qualification is the most important variable for switching mode from car to other if on-street parking charge is applied. Most of the users whose parking is associated with education and work trips will not change their transport mode if on-street parking charge is put into operation. Those trips are most closely associated with travel in peak periods and largely responsible for congestion. Car users usually face difficulties to find space for parking.
Journal of Engineering Science 13(2), 2022, 31-41
Mode Choice Preferences of Female University Students and Impacts of Ride-Sharing Thereon
Authors: Mehnaj R , Raida A , Murshed MN
Published: January 2023

The equality of gender is accounted to be an indispensable element when it comes to sustainable transportation infrastructure planning in an inclusive society. Special attention in this regard must be required to reach the growing transportation demands of the urban population- especially in a developing country like Bangladesh. In this inclusive society, females constitute a major portion of the students as well as the workforce and contribute significantly to the economy. Although females have to rely on the different modes available in the existing transportation system for their day-to-day travel, they have different preferences among the alternative modes in terms of accessibility and safety. To assess the travel behavior of female students, this study explores the elements those influence travel choices (travel cost, travel time, security, and comfort) and evaluates the effect of ride-sharing facilities on their choice of mode. Data were collected from 360 female university students through an online questionnaire. The research focuses on two divisions of female students: staying at the residence hall (residents) and not staying at the residence hall (non-residents). Descriptive and inferential statistical methods were utilized to explain female travel behaviors and determine the importance of ridesharing services in their mode selection (rickshaw, bus, autorickshaw, bicycle, private car, and ridesharing). The study reveals that female students (both resident and non-resident) prefer rickshaws over other modes and the inception of ride-sharing services had a consequential effect on their choice of modes and travel behavior. This analysis will deliver beneficial information to relevant authorities and policymakers in evaluating existing transportation systems and will indicate the required mitigations that can be made to ensure social equity.
Journal of Engineering Science 13(2), 2022, 43-49
Assessment of Physical Standards of Housing for Healthy Living in Urban Informal Settlement: A Case of Rupsha Slum in Khulna
Authors: Hossain Md Shahriar , Sultana Jesmin
Published: January 2023

Overcrowding, poor structural quality of housing, and a lack of basic services and infrastructure differentiate informal settlement as a distinct type of community. Poor housing quality is directly connected to a greater risk of disease and illness in informal settlements. This research is being carried out to provide a comprehensive picture of the existing physical conditions of housing and aims to measure the deviation of housing quality between existing and standard healthy housing parameters in informal settlements. A substantial amount of fieldwork has been conducted to map the existing physical structure of the settlement and a list of preventable diseases suffered from poor housing is made through conducting a focus group discussion and interviews of 50 households in a distinct informal settlement situated in Bangladesh’s third-largest city, namely Khulna. To assess the housing quality a framework of standard housing is made by reviewing the book “Park’s textbook of preventive and social medicine” by K. Park. Results indicate that - 70% of the total household does not satisfy the minimum housing standard; in most cases, 4 or 5 persons must share a single room of 102 to 150 sqft area; a single toilet serves 180 people; the queuing time for drinking water from a tube well exceeds 45 minutes. The study also reveals the settler’s complex mechanism of compact living through space sharing dynamics.
Journal of Engineering Science 13(2), 2022, 51-67
Autism Detection from Brain Signals: South Asia Perspective
Authors: Peya Zahrul Jannat , Rahman SK Masiur , Akhand M A H
Published: January 2023

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), simply autism, is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder that leads to serious social, communication, and behavioral challenges. The impact of ASD on the family, general well-being, society, and economy is becoming increasingly important due to its high prevalence and the extensive range of clinical treatments required for affected children. Early ASD detection is important because it could help improve access to intervention measures and may help improve developmental outcomes. Autism exposes a critical issue for developing countries, especially in South Asian countries. In the South Asia region, a few institutes are available in the capital or a few big metropolitan cities for diagnosing ASD. Generally, ASD is diagnosed through some conventional methods (e.g., screening). As a neurodevelopmental condition, ASD can be detected through brain signals. On account of easy operation and to maintain low-risk factors, only noninvasive neuroimaging methods, such as electroencephalography (EEG) are considered to measure a child's neural behaviors for classifying ASD. Machine learning methods are used with EEG signals for classifying ASD subjects in different studies than conventional methods. The main concern of this study is to provide some guidelines for machine learning-based automatic ASD detection through EEG signals which might be a prospectus for South Asian countries. Through the advanced system, people from all areas of the country will get proper ASD diagnosis and treatment facilities. Therefore, it is a timely approach of employing brain signals (especially EEG signals) and machine learning-based effective techniques for ASD detection in South Asian countries.
Journal of Engineering Science 13(2), 2022, 69-81
A Multi-Criteria Analysis on Solar and Traditional Technologies in Irrigation Development
Authors: M Saleh Abul Fazal , Asif Md Al , Naomi Nuzhat Rehnuma
Published: January 2023

The main aim of this study is to conduct an economic analysis and a multi-criteria analysis of electric, diesel, and solar irrigation pumps to find the best irrigation technology. After collecting the necessary data, a cost comparison is made between solar and conventional irrigation technologies. The cost of each technology is then compared using a 25-year lifespan to determine which one will be less expensive. Since there are additional important factors to consider while selecting the optimal technology, a multi-criteria analysis is done too. The cost comparison reveals that, in contrast to the other two, the solar system has higher startup expenditures but lower ongoing operating and maintenance costs. According to the cost analysis of the three technologies, solar technology is significantly less expensive than electric and diesel alternatives. Aside from the cost, electric irrigation technology appears to be a better option than solar and diesel technologies when considering other aspects like farmer satisfaction, necessary installation land, technology accessibility, weather obstruction, etc.
Journal of Engineering Science 13(2), 2022, 101-110
Analysis of the Effect of Sizing Add-on% and Sizing Process Parameters on the Average Warp Breakage Rate for 30Ne 100% Cotton Warp Yarn
Authors: Jahangir Dutimoyi , Hossain Md Shakhawat
Published: January 2023

Sizing is one of the essential steps in fabric manufacturing for increasing weaving production efficiency in the case of cotton and cotton blend fabrics by providing a protective coating to warp yarn that does not add any functional value. This research aimed to analyze the effects of size add-on% and two sizing process parameters, such as sizing machine speed and squeezing roller pressure, on the average warp yarn breakage rate during weaving. The sizing experiments have been conducted based on the size add-on% (8.93 %, 9.94%, 11.23%), sizing machine speed (35 yards/min, 38 yards/min, 40 yards/min), and squeezing roller pressure (2.2 kg, 3.3 kg, 3.5 kg) on the 30Ne 100% cotton warp yarn. It was found from the experimental results that the warp yarn breakage rate was increased with the rise in sizing machine speed and squeezing roller pressure. In contrast, the lowest warp yarn breakage rate was exhibited in size add-on% 9.94 in the loom during weaving. Based on the research, promising industrial application is highlighted for future fabric production.
Journal of Engineering Science 13(2), 2022, 111-115
Pedestrian Safety in Dhaka Mega City of Bangladesh: Behaviour, Attitude and Risk Perception
Authors: Bhattacharjee A , Mahmud S M S , Raihan M A , Hazra P , Hasan M F
Published: January 2023

Pedestrians are always the most vulnerable road victims in terms of crash involvement. In low-motorized developing countries like Bangladesh, this problem is disproportionately higher, particularly in an urban setting. Therefore, there is a need to develop a pragmatic strategy to arrest this problem with a proper understanding of their behavior, attitude, and perception. In this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the risk perception, attitude, and behavior of pedestrians. A comprehensive questionnaire survey enabled the collection of pedestrian behavior, attitude, and risk perception data, which included different categories of users. From this analysis, it is evident that perception and attitude are closely related, and in most cases that is very positive. However, there is a huge gap between perception, attitude, and behavior. Many respondents have proven their accurate feelings, right understanding, or belief, but their behavior represents differently. The paper elaborates on these two confronting issues with the evidence and concludes with potential implications for improving pedestrian safety.
Journal of Engineering Science 13(2), 2022, 117-125
Remote Sensing Techniques as a Tool for Environmental Monitoring in and around of Rajbandh Landfill at Khulna City
Authors: Arafat Emruz , Rafizul Islam M
Published: January 2023

Uncollected trash in the streets and other public areas, trash placed without regard for drainage systems, and trash that has contaminated water sources near uncontrolled dumps all contribute to a hazardous environment and public health situation in Khulna. The Batiaghata thana area, which contains the Rajbandh dump, was analyzed by computing the LST, NDVI, SAVI, and MSAVI. From a low of 23.00°C in 1995, the Batiaghata thana is predicted to reach a high of 41.43°C by 2020, courtesy of the Long Term Observational Dataset (LST). According to the NDVI results, the proportion of 'Bare Soil' in Batiaghata thana increased substantially from 1.20 percent to 4.57 percent, and the percentage of 'Structural Object' climbed from 1.25 percent to 23.06 percent. From 1995 to 2000, the maximum MSAVI value increased from 0.76 to 0.80. Results indicate that inappropriate waste management at the Rajbandh dump negatively affected local ecosystems.
Journal of Engineering Science 13(2), 2022, 127-137
Clinico-Epidemiological Study in Admitted Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in two selected Tertiary Care Centers in Dhaka City
Authors: Islam Md Joynul , Islam Md Shafiqul , Haseen Fariha , Ashadullah ATM , Hossain Md Zahed , Salam Md Abdus , Uddin Kalim , Rashid Mirza Md Hafizur , Mustofa Md Golam
Published: January 2023

Traumatic brain injury is a significant public health problem.

Objective: This study was aimed to clinical characteristics of traumatic brain injury patients by collection of detailed data on demography, clinical, injury patterns, co-morbidities, laboratory findings, and outcome of mild and moderate TBI.

Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to June 2020. Patients attending Department of Trauma Neurosurgery of National Institute of Neurosciences & Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh and Department of Neurosurgery of Dhaka Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh with a history of having mild or moderate traumatic brain injury and patients of 18 years and above irrespective of their sex were included in the study after informed written consent. The study included socio-demographic information and history of injury, mechanism of injury, information of physical examination, clinical features including cognitive change and co-morbidities were recorded.

Results: A total number of 210 patients were included in this study. Motor vehicle related accident was 56.2% cases. About 21.4% cases of them were assaulted (physically), 12.9% cases of them were fall from the height. About 58.0% patients were normal cognition; 22.0% cases were mild cognitive impairment; 17.6% cases were moderate cognitive impairment and only 2.0% cases were severe cognitive impairment during discharge. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) during admission after resuscitation around 78.0% cases were moderate head injury and 22.0% cases were mild head injury. About 47.14% patients had single or multiple cerebral hemorrhagic contusion; 13.8% patients had traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage; 8.6% cases had thin layer of subdural hematoma; 6.2% cases had epidural hematoma;

Conclusion: Traumatic brain injury patients have mostly due to road traffic accidents and are presented with cerebral hemorrhagic contusion, subarachnoid hemorrhage and subdural hematoma

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):105-111
Comparison of 3D-Computed Tomographic Angiography with Digital Subtraction Angiography for Detection of aneurysms among Spontaneous Subarachnoid Haemorrhagic Patients
Authors: Mohammad Rumi Jalal Uddin , Haleem Mohammad Aftab , Ahammed Md Bashir , Arifin Samsul , Islam Md Rakibul , Chowdhury Forhad Hossain
Published: January 2023

Background: Detection of aneurysms among spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhagic patients is a crucial issue for management.

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to compare the findings of 3D-computed tomographic angiography with digital subtraction angiography for detection of aneurysms among spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhagic patients.

Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery and Cath Lab of Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh in collaboration with private diagnostic centre from September 2013 to February 2015 for a period of six (06) months. Adult patients diagnosed as a case of spontaneous SAH based on clinical features and confirmed by plain CT evidence of subarachnoid blood were included as study cases. Then both CTA and DSA were done in order to detect the cause of bleeding and make a treatment planning. All spiral CTAs were performed on a helical CT-Scan. Four vessels DSA were performed via a femoral approach in DMCH Cath Lab.

Result: A total number of 37 patients presented with spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage were recruited for this study. CT Angiogram revealed aneurysm in 30(81.08%) patients. AVM found in 02(05.41%) patients and in 5(13.51%) patients CTA was negative for any abnormality. DSA of 37 patients revealed aneurysm in 32(86.49%) patients, AVM in 02(05.41%) patients and negative findings in 03(8.11%) patients. In CT Angiogram 25(67.57%) patients had single aneurysm. In DSA, 27(72.97%) patients had single aneurysm. The mean of the size of the aneurysms in CTA and DSA were in 6.70±3.04 mm and 6.75±2.94 mm (p>0.05). The mean of the neck width of the aneurysms in CTA and DSA were 3.86±2.06 mm and 3.41±1.67 mm (p>0.05). All aneurysm detected in CTA were also revealed in DSA.

Conclusion: In conclusion the size, neck width and the location of aneurysm are detected in CTA and DSA equally without any statistical significant difference.

Journal of National Institute of Neurosciences Bangladesh, July 2022;8(2):121-125