bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CRITICAL STUDY OF TVAK IN THE VIEW OF MODERN SCIENCE: A REVIEW ARTICLE
Authors: Malhotra Ishan , Sakshi Sakshi , Upadhyay Subhash
Published: December 2021

In Ayurveda, the term Tvak, Twacha and Charma are frequently used to denote the skin. Tvak is described as the organ which covers the external surface of the entire body. Tvak and its related diseases have great importance because these are easily noticeable. It is the first part of the body that is in direct contact with any harmful sub- stances or infective microorganisms. It protects the internal structures of the body from injury or infections and regulates the temperature of the body. Skin is also the beauty of a human being. Therefore, it should be protected from any abnormal conditions. Ayurveda Acharyas have described Tvak many years ago. They explained each layer of Tvak in meaningful sequences, its related diseases and measurement of each layer. They also explained that it maintains the normal colour of individuals and conveys the sensation of touch. Some topics of Ayurveda are easy to understand, and some topics become easy if we study along with modern science. So, for a proper un- derstanding of the concept of Tvak, it is very essential to correlate it with modern science and elaborate according to the modern era.
Keywords: Tvak, Sparshanendriya, Sharirsthan, Santanika, Vrihi, Skin, Dermis, Epidermis
A SINGLE CASE STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF AYURVEDA TREATMENT PROTOCOL USING EUPHORBIA LATEX IN UTSANGINI W.S.R TO CHALAZION
Authors: Bhat Swarna Ranjita , Krishnan R Nirmal , S Ahalya
Published: December 2021

Introduction: - Chalazion is also known as a tarsal ‘cyst’ or meibomian ‘cyst’. This is not a cyst but a chronic inflammatory granuloma of a meibomian gland. Chalazia are often multiple, occurring in crops. The contem- porary treatment modalities include eyelid hygiene with hot compresses, topical antibiotic ointment and also steroid injections. Most lesions usually necessitate more invasive procedures. If the chalazion does not resolve, it should be incised and curetted. its management is difficult, due to its high recurrence rate and chronicity. It is
correlated to Utsangini in Ayurveda. Ayurveda can provide safe and cost-effective results in Utsangini with both Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa. Materials and Methods: -A case of Chalazion successfully treated with local application of dugdhika ksheera and bidalaka with mukkadi churna along with a few internal medicines is recorded here. Result: The subject had shown good improvement
Conclusion: Latex of euphorbia latex has a good effect on the management of Utsangini.
Keywords: Chalazion, Utsangini Bidalaka, Dugdhika Ksheera, Mukkadi Churna.
Tulsi (Ocimum Sanctum Linn.): AN AYURVEDIC AND CONTEMPORARY REVIEW
Authors: Preeti Preeti , A Ramamurthy , Chaudhary Krutika
Published: December 2021

Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn. Family - Lamiaceae) has been revered in India for over five thousand years, as a healing balm for body, mind and spirit, and is known to bestow an amazing number of health benefits. It is a me- dicinal herb used in the indigenous system of medicine. Tulsi has been adored in almost all ancient ayurvedic texts for its extraordinary medicinal properties. It is pungent –bitter(tikta) in taste and hot (Ushna), light(laghu) and dry(ruksa) in effect. Its seeds are considered to be cold in effect. The roots, leaves and seeds of Tulsi possess several medicinal properties. Ayurvedic texts categorise Tulsi as a stimulant, aromatic and antipyretic. In the pre- sent review, the reported scientific activity of Tulsi is compiled and collected from different compendia and avail- able literature presented systematically. In the present review, the references related to Tulsi are collected and compiled from different Ayurvedic texts, Modern research articles and other relevant compendia. This review is presented in a systematic manner which will help the researchers as well as clinicians dealing with Tulsi to know its proper usage as this herb is seemed to be highly valuable, possessing many pharmacological/medicinal proper- ties according to Ayurveda as well as modern aspects.
Keywords: Ayurveda, Drug Research, Holy basil, Immunity, Tulsi
TO STUDY THE ROLE OF SHWASKUTHAR RASA IN COVID-19 INFECTION: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY
Authors: Mundhe Swapnil , Itnar Preetam , Jadhav Kalyani
Published: December 2021

Background: Common symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, cough, fatigue, shortness of breath, and loss of smell and taste. While the majority of cases result in mild symptoms, some progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) likely precipitated by a cytokine storm, multi-organ failure, septic shock, and blood clots. Most of the drugs of SARS- COVID contain higher generation antibiotics, Antiviral drugs, Steroidal drugs which further leads to respiratory complication like respiratory distress, fibrosis of lungs, COPDS whereas Ayurvedic drugs heal the lungs without causing any post covid complications. So, the need of an hour is to use and assess the Ayurvedic formulation in SARS-COVID. Aim & Objectives: To study the role of Shwaskuthar ras in covid-19 and to explore the concept of Shwaskuthar Rasa from various Granthas. Materials & Methods: Collected from various Granthas, Samhita, Article, Pubmed, google scholar and Journals. Shwaskuthar rasa is a well-known combination of Ayurvedic text used in respiratory disorders.
Keywords: COVID-19, Granthas, Rasa Aushadhi, Shwaskuthar
CRITICAL REVIEW OF JYOTISHMATYADI YOGA IN NASHTARTAVA
Authors: Malsariya Swati , K. Bharathi , B. Pushpalatha
Published: December 2021

The female undergoes dramatic monthly hormonal changes during each menstrual cycle affecting her emotional and physical state. During these changes sometimes she suffers from some gynaecological problems Nashtartava is one of them. As per classics, Nashtartava is considered as an Avaranajanya Vyadhi in which female suffers from Yathochita kale Adarshanam (Delayed menses/absence of menses), Alparta (scanty flow) and Yonivedana (painful menses). This condition can be compared with oligomenorrhoea or secondary amenorrhea. The ratio of such kinds of menstrual disorders is rising day by day which becomes a precursor of other health issues like infertility, mental and physical stress, etc. Oligomenorrhoea or infrequent menstruation, usually present in a woman with secondary symptoms like acne, obesity, dandruff, infertility etc. so treatment of Nashtartava is very necessary. For its treatment, the use of Agneya and Vata Kapha Shamaka Dravya is mentioned in the classics. Acharya Bhavmishra indicates the use of Jyotishmatiyadi Yoga for the management of Yonidosha along with Nashtartava. Jyotishmatyadi Yoga having Katu, Tikta Rasa, Tikshana Guna, Ushna Virya and Katu Viapaka and Vata Kapha shamaka property so effectively act on Nashtartava.
Keywords: Nashtartava, Oligomenorrhoea, Jyotishmatyadi Yoga, Artava
MANAGEMENT OF SPASTIC QUADRIPLEGIA (SARVANGGHAT) WITH VATKULANTAK RASA & SHASHTIKA SHALI PINDA SWEDA - A CASE STUDY
Authors: Mohini Gupta , Harendra Bansal , Vivek Sharma
Published: December 2021

Background- Spastic Quadriplegia also known as spastic tetraplegia is a subset of Spastic cerebral palsy that af- fects all four limbs (both arms and legs). Spastic quadriplegia usually displays equal involvement of both upper and lower extremities with severe involvement of legs, arms and floppiness of neck. Spastic quadriplegia is gen- erally caused by brain damage either before birth, during or shortly after. In Ayurveda quadriplegia can be corre- lated with Sarvangghat which is a vatavyadhi. It is a nanatmaja vatavyadhi according to charaka. As the disease was caused by vata-kapha dosha. The treatment is mainly aimed at mitigating vata kapha dosha which helps to clear the blocked micro-channels involved in the pathology. Aim and objective- To study the effect of Vatkulan- taka rasa and Shashtika shali pinda sweda in the management of Spastic quadriplegia (Sarvangghat). Material and methods-The present case study is upon 16 years old (male patient) diagnosed case of spastic quadriplegia with complaints of difficulty in walking with stiffness for 6 years at the kayachikitsa IPD of Pt. khushilal Sharma govt. ayurvedic hospital Bhopal. He was treated with shashtika shali pind sweda & Vatkulantaka rasa. The dura- tion of the study is 21 days. The assessment was done on the basis of symptomatic relief after treatment. Observation- The Ayurvedic therapy and oral medication yielded complete symptomatic relief from pain, stiffness and improve quality of life. Conclusion- On the basis of the result obtained, it can be concluded that Shashtika shali pinda sweda and Vatku- lantaka rasa can be used as an effective treatment in the management of Spastic quadriplegia (Sarvangghat).
Keywords: Sarvangghat, Spastic quadriplegia, Shashtika shali pinda sweda, Vatkulantaka rasa.
AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS
Authors: Dhudashiya Vatsal , Zala Radhikaba , B.A Pooja , Pattnaik Sangamitra
Published: December 2021

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is a systemic autoimmune connective tissue disease. Arthralgia is a common symptom, occurring in 90% of patients, and is often associated with early morning stiffness. Considering symp- tomatology, In Ayurveda classics, it can be compared with amavata1. This is the case report of a female patient aged 19 years suffering from multiple joints pain associated with swelling and tenderness and finger deformities, Diagnosed as Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Visited the Department of Panchakarma, SAMC&H, Banga- lore for the treatment. Virechana karma followed by Shamana Aushadhi was administered. Significant improve- ment in the signs and symptoms was observed clinically.
Keywords: Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, SLE, Amavata, Virechana, Shamana Auaushadhi
THE CHANGING PERCEPTION OF INDIAN CONSUMERS TOWARDS AYURVEDA AMID COVID-19 PANDEMIC: OPPORTUNITY FOR INDIAN MANUFACTURERS
Authors: Sahni Vidur , Chandhoke Vandana
Published: December 2021

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the reliance of people on Ayurvedic Science has relatively in-creased. This may be due to the limited availability of COVID-19 vaccine(s) in both rural and urban India. Even in territories where adequate vaccine availability is ensured by the government, significant apprehensions related to the efficacy of the vaccine continue to hover in the minds of Indian consumers. This specific pattern of consumer behavior across India encouraged Indian consumers to turn to ayurvedic medicines as an alternative to boost their immunity seek protection from Covid-19. However, the longstanding resistance towards Ayurvedic Medicine in the past due to their lower efficacy and other factors continues to act as a significant obstruction for firms trying to increase their customer base during the pandemic. The present paper interview uses the CEO of leading ayurvedic manufacturers to unravels how firms are ag-aggressively leveraging the power of marketing to reduce the resistance prevalent toward Ayurveda among Indian consumers. Specifically, the paper discusses all the dimensions of the marketing mix and its subsequent role in reducing the resistance to give it a holistic outlook. The paper concludes by high- lighting the implications for Ayurvedic firms who are looking for a complete transformation into vibrant health and medical system.
Keywords: Covid-19, Ayurveda, Indian Consumers, Marketing Mix
DUSHI VISHA W.R.T. MODERN SLOW-ACTING POISON AND THEIR SKIN MANIFESTATION
Authors: Alam Mahtab , Kumar Ajay , Vishvakarma Santosh Kr.
Published: December 2021

According to Ayurveda, prevention of disease and maintenance of health are more important than the treatment of disease. As given in Ayurvedic Samhitas, a poison is a substance that vitiates the normal functioning of dosha, dhatu, mala. Thousands of harmful toxins are present in our atmosphere (Air, water and earth) that are ingested by human beings on daily basis. As described in our Ayurvedic Samhitas, Dushi Visha is an intake of toxic drugs which is less potent (Denatured) and remains in a dormant state within the body for years together without causing any major harm to the body. As we see in today's era workers working in the lead industry like enamel workers, glass blowers, printing works have typical chronic lead poisoning symptoms such as constipation, tremors, menstrual disarrangements etc. Due to chronic exposure to lead which accumulates in the body and produces its ill effect like Dushi Visha. Arsenic, copper, mercury chronic occupational poisoning also happened due to long exposure of poi- son working in the respective industry. In agriculture, chronic exposure to OPP, OCP, weed killers like parquet, chlorophenoxy acetates, chlorates used to prevent infection in plants, being sprayed by farmers on daily basis, leads to symptoms like dysphasia, oropharyngeal ulcers, coughing, pain in the abdomen, etc. These symptoms resemble Dushi Visha like symptoms. From this article, we may correlate the symptoms of Dushi Visha with the dermatolog- ical manifestation of chronic occupational poisoning and agricultural field exposure to weed killers, which may behelpful to understand the concept of Dushi Visha. We need to realize the health hazardous effects of cumulative poison and its proper time to time prevention as well as its proper treatment.
Keywords: Dushi Visha, Skin manifestation, Slow acting poison
NASYA IN SHALAKYA TANTRA
Authors: Hugar Deepa. M. , Hiremath Veerayya , N Gururaj , D K Shashikala
Published: December 2021

Shalakyatantra is one of the Ashtanga Ayurveda that deals with the treatment of diseases related to the eye, ear, nose, throat, oral cavity, head, and scalp through oral medications, kriyakalpa, Panchakarma procedures, surgical and para-surgical procedures, etc. Nasya is one among panchakarma; the intranasal method of drug administra- tion meant for treatment and detoxification and is widely used in Shalakyatantra. It is said ‘Nasa hi shiraso dwa- ram’; The nose is the gateway for drug administration for the ailments of head and organs situated in it viz, eye, ear, nose, throat, head, scalp, hair, and oral cavity. Nasya can be used also for the prevention of diseases, to strengthen the indriya (sense organs), and to bring Shiro laghuta by eliminating the doshas. This article is a com- pilation of references to Nasya used in shalakya tantra chikitsa.
Keywords: Nasya, Shalakya tantra, Panchakarma, eye, ear, nose, throat, head, scalp, oral cavity.
AN AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY (SMA) – A CASE STUDY
Authors: B Raheena , Borannavar Shaila , Desai Ananta S
Published: December 2021

Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is the second leading genetic disorder inherited in the autosomal recessive pattern due to the absence of the SMN1 gene characterized by loss of motor neurons and progressive muscle wasting, often leading to dependent life and decreased life span. In Ayurveda, this condition can be considered as Kulaja Vyadhi wherein the patient’s Mamsa and Snayu is affected by Vata. This can be regarded as Mamsa-Snayugata Sarvanga Vata. It is said that Prakruta Vata dosha is the life, it is the strength, it is the sustainer of the body, it holds the body and life together. If it is Vikruta it produces Sankocha, Khanja, Kubjatva, Pangutva, Khalli and Soshana of Anga. So, in this disease aggravated Vata does the vitiation of Mamsa and Snayu thus leading to Soshana of both, resulting in Stambha, Nischalikarana of Avayava. A 21years female patient was admitted to our I.P.D with c/o of reduced strength in all four limbs leading to the inability to walk and to maintain erect posture during standing and sitting positions. Based on Ayurvedic principles the patient was initially subjected to Avaranahara Chikitsa followed by Brimhana line of management.
Keywords: Mamsagata vata, Snayugata vata, Sarvanga vata, Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)
A CASE REPORT ON OPEN PORES
Authors: Sultan Nabeela , Aleem Shagufta
Published: December 2021

Enlarged pores of facial skin always remain a matter of concern from both dermatologic and cosmetologic points of view. There were many conditions that are difficult to treat in which facial pores enlarge among them most common condition is acne vulgaris. This condition put a negative impact on a person’s quality of life and as well as also socially devastating for many individuals as it affects the physical appearance of a person. Although enlarged pores are not of medical concern it is considered as a more cosmetic con- cern. There are many available possible treatment options for enlarged pores but this case report is based on clinical evaluation of radiofrequency therapy in treating enlarged skin pores. In this report, three ses- sions of therapy every week for 3 weeks were applied. The results show a gradual decrease in the size of pores with almost clear skin.
Keywords: acne vulgaris, enlarged pores, facial pores, radiofrequency
AN AYURVEDIC CASE REPORT ON AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS
Authors: K Ambika. , K Arundhathi. , Krishna Lekshmi G.
Published: December 2021

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a common and most severe type of Motor Neuron Disease. It is characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness, wasting and fasciculations. Survival is for 3-5 years, and the death is from respiratory paralysis. The incidence of ALS is between 0.6 and 3.8 per 100000 persons per year. Males are predominantly affected. Here is a case report of 45yrs old male who presented with complaints of difficulty in walking since 3years, with an insidious asymmetric onset of weakness of bilateral lower limbs with wasting and fasciculations. In Ayurveda, the case was symptomatologically diagnosed as Mamsa Sosha, which occurs as the result of obstruction of Snayu and Rakthadhamanis (Mamsavaha srotomoolas). The assessment was done using ALSFRS-R Scale. The treatment was aimed at improving the quality of life and also decreasing the rate of disease progression. The treatment principle adopted was Srothosodhana (Ama- Avaranaghna cikitsa) and Brimhana. Promising results were obtained after treatment.
Keywords: ALS, MND, Ayurveda, Avaranaghna cikitsa, Mamsa Sosha, Mamsa Kshaya
A CASE STUDY ON AYURVEDIC MANAGEMENT OF AMAVATA (RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS)
Authors: Monica Mulay , Neha Gopale
Published: December 2021

Amavata is a very painful condition in day-to-day life. It is a chronic disorder related to especially sandhisthanas (joints). It can be compared with Rheumatoid Arthritis (R.A.). In modern medicine, R.A. is treated with steroids and various NSAIDS which has multiple side – effects. In Ayurveda, Amavata is caused due to impairment of Agni (indigestion) and vitiation of Vata dosha which form ‘Aama - The untransformed, non-assimilated compo- nent in the digestive process.' Amavata is a madhyama rogamarga disease and causes severe pain, stiffness and is difficult to treat. Hence, there are chances of recurrence. For this, in Ayurveda, both Shamana and Shodhana treatments are explained very well. In this case study, the patient was dependent on steroids and her physiological functioning body was hampered. By Ayurvedic intervention (Shodhana and Shamana Chikitsa) we have effec- tively manage the disease by gradually tapering the steroids and ultimately stopped. The sequential treatment plan is effectively used in this case.
Keywords: Amavata, Aama, Shamana, Shodhana.
PAIN MANAGEMENT IN KATISHOOLA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Kavita Kavita , Hakkandi Suresh N , Akki Manjunath
Published: December 2021

Lower Back Pain can have causes that aren’t due to underlying diseases and this pain refers to the pain that usual- ly begins in the lower back region, radiating to the sacroiliac regions and buttocks.[1] People with chronic pain often find it difficult to cope with work, family and social activities which is the significant cause of disability worldwide. Eighty percent of the population is affected by this symptom sometimes in life.[2] Increased preva- lence of low back pain and temporary and reduced success rates in invasive contemporary treatment measures has drawn considerable attention towards alternative, effective, non-invasive treatment modalities. Katishoola, a Vata vyadhi diagnosed with cardinal symptoms as Pain in Kati Pradesha. In Ayurveda, a holistic approach has been adopted that includes the use of oral Ayurvedic formulations, Panchakarma procedures like Snehana karma (unc- tion therapy), Swedana karma (sudation therapy) etc. [3] Here In this article a case of low Back Pain treated with Kati Pichu with Masha taila with good outcomes are reported.
Keywords: Katishoola, Low Back Pain, Masha Taila, Kati Pichu
ROLE OF AYURVEDA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ARDITA (BELL’S PALSY) – A CASE REPORT
Authors: Bahatkar Seema , Tarpe Rajiv , Daiyya Kinjal H.
Published: December 2021

Ardita is considered as one amongst the vata nanatmaj vyadhis described in Ayurvedic classics. Ardita is a condition caused due to the unusual functioning of vata dosha which results in loss of functioning of one half of the face. It can be correlated with Bell's Palsy from modern perspective. This disease proves to be disturbing from a functional and cosmetic point of view. A 27year old male patient came to OPD with a chief complaint of difficulty in closing right eye, angle deviation of the mouth towards left, difficulty while eating, unable to whistle as well as puffing of cheeks, drooling of saliva, etc. from 20 days. History and examination lead to the diagnosis of Bell's Palsy. Consid- ering the signs and symptoms, the patient was treated as per the ayurvedic line of treatment for Ardita. The patient was admitted and ayurvedic treatment (Panchakarma + Oral medications) i.e. Nasya, Pindasweda, Kukkutanda sweda, Akshitarpan was given for 21days. The patient had great relief with marked improvement in the above said symptoms. Thus, Ayurveda is fruitful in treating patients with Ardita.
Keywords: Ardita, Nasya, Pindasweda, Kukkutanda sweda, Akshitarpan
AYURVEDIC APPROACH ON CYSTOID MACULAR OEDEMA - A CASE REPORT
Authors: M K Sabarinath , S M Pasha
Published: December 2021

Cystoid Macular Oedema or CME is a painless disorder that affects the central retina or macula. It refers to the accumulation of fluid in the outer plexiform and inner nuclear layer of the retina with the formation of a fluid-filled cyst. The primary symptom of macular oedema is blurry or wavy vision near or in the centre of your field of vision. Materials and Methods: A male patient of 48 yrs. presented in Shalakya OPD of GAMC Bengaluru with symp- toms of diminished vision in his right eye for one year. The patient was diagnosed with cystoid macular oedema in the right eye for which he was given photocoagulation therapy but did not find much relief. So, he approached our OPD. After thorough examination patient was started with Ayurvedic Medicines. Result: The subject showed marked improvement both subjectively and objectively. Discussion: Oedema which is the terminus of the pathology in this condition has to be understood as Ekanga Shopha. Though Kapha is the predominant dosha involved in forming Shopha here, the lakshanas manifesting are that of Vataja Timira. So, in this case study, Kapha Vata Hara followed by Shopha Hara line of treatment is adopted.
Keywords: Cystoid macular oedema, Shopha, Vataja Timira, Nasya, Punarnavadi Kashaya.
EFFECT OF PATHYA PALAN/ DIET, PANCHAKARMA AND AYURVEDA MEDICINE IN AAMVATA- A CASE STUDY
Authors: Sharma Neerja R. , Preeti Preeti , Kumari Parvesh
Published: December 2021

The menopausal stage is the condition where a female wants to be at ease but if other ailments occur where she has to face continuous pain and agony make is more uncomfortable along with the psychological disturbances. The present case is a female patient who came with the symptoms of Aamavata (R.A.) in her menopausal age and was diagnosed with the same (Aamvata). She received Dietary guidelines along with lifestyle modification (Pathya Palan), Panchakarma therapy i.e. Vaitran Basti (medicated enema) for 7 days, Ruksha Swedana (dry sudation), Aamvatari Rasa, Trivrata Avleha, Ajmodadi churna, Giloy Satva for 1 month, later only Ajmodadi Churna and dietary guidelines for 2 months.
The application of the Ayurvedic principle shows remarkable results in this case where other treatment options are limited.
Keywords: Aamvata, R.A., Pathya Palan
Derecho y obligación. ¿Restricciones a la libertad?
Authors: Vieweg Klaus
Published: December 2021

¿Se puede hablar filosóficamente de una limitación justificada de la libertad? La definición hegeliana del libre albedrío, fundamentada lógicamente, y su comprensión del derecho y la obligación puede contribuir a la clarificación del concepto de libertad. Importa diferenciar de manera precisa entre libertad y arbitrio - este último un elemento necesario, pero unilateral, de la voluntad libre. Con el arbitrio la voluntad no se encuentra todavía en la forma de razón. Los derechos y obligaciones racionales no son una restricción de la libertad. En la medida en que los derechos individuales pueden colisionar (por ejemplo, en situaciones de emergencia), puede haber una restricción temporal y proporcionada de ciertos derechos en favor de derechos más elevados, como el derecho a la vida. Las dictaduras son instancias de un ejercicio del poder del orden de lo arbitrario en las cuales se restringe la libertad. El Estado diseñado racionalmente, por el contrario, restringe únicamente el arbitrio. Lo que debe definirse son las obligaciones y los derechos del Estado y las obligaciones y derechos de los ciudadanos.
Structural Study of Faihaa Oil Field in Basra South of Iraq
Authors: Kareem Hiba , Al-Kubaisi Manal , Alshar'a Ghazi Hasan
Published: December 2021

This study used structural contour maps to carry out the geometrical analysis for Faihaa structure in Basra southern Iraq. The study used row data of well logs and structural maps while Softwares were Didger 4, Stereonet v.11 and Petrel 2017 Faihaa Oil Field is located at an eastern part of the Mesopotamian Zone within the Zubair Subzone, characterized by subsurface geological structures covered by Quaternary sediments. These structures are oriented in the NW-SE direction in the eastern part of the band and the N-S direction in the southern region, and some in the direction NE-SW. The Faihaa Oil Field shows that is an Anticline structure. The average dip value of an axial surface is 89.7° while the plunge of hinge line between 4–4.2 in North-West direction referred to that Faihaa Structure is upright and gentle fold. Based on the Thickness ratio and axial angle, the Faihaa Structure is thickened Fold. The eastern limb of the fold is longer than the western limb, so Faihaa Oil Field is an asymmetrical structure. The difference in dimensions (5<Length / Width < 2) confirmed the brachy fold of the Faihaa structure.
Quality of Academic Life during COVID-19 Pandemic as Perceived by Taibah University Students
Authors: Hakim Areej Yousef Ahmed
Published: December 2021

The current study aimed to identify the quality level of academic life during COVID-19 pandemic from students' perception of Taibah University, Yanbu branch. To this end, a descriptive approach was used to answer the following main research question: What is the quality level of academic life during COVID-19 pandemic from students' perception of Taibah University? The study tool consisted of a questionnaire to measure the quality level of the students’ academic life. The tool was ensured for reliability and validity and composed of three sections that contained indicators to measure the quality of academic life; academic practices, academic satisfaction, and academic support. The sample of the study consisted of 187 male and female students. Results showed high perceptions for the respondents in the quality of academic practices section (M=4.15, SD=1.03). The statement No.9 entitles “Rate the precautionary actions provided to you to activate the online education as an alternative to face-to-face education during COVID-19 pandemic” obtained the highest rank (M=4.63). The second section that measured the level of academic satisfaction recorded (M=1.76, SD=1.10), obtaining 58.71%. The statement 6 entitles “I felt my love to home increased during COVID-19 pandemic” obtained the highest rank (M=4.63, SD=.81, 98.93%). The academic support dimension recorded (M=4.33, SD=.93), Indicating that the level of academic support for students during COVID-19 pandemic was excellent (86.65%) as perceived by the study sample. The statement 5 which entitles “Rate the extent to benefit from academic counseling during COVID-19 pandemic” got the highest rank (M=4.67, SD=.72, 93.485). The most challenges encountered the students gradually categorized from the highest to the lowest were the poor Internet network, non-availability of laptop computers, low experience in working with blackboard, and poor technical experience. The study recommended the significance of academic support and suggested doing further studies on and the reality of quality of academic life from faculty members perspectives and the role of precautionary health during COID-19 pandemic to enhance the national loyalty for the university students.
OSMANLI PETROLLERİ VE ALMAN İMPARATORLUĞU TÜRK – ALMAN İLİŞKİLERİNİN YİTİRİLMİŞ FIRSATI
Authors: BÜYÜKDAĞ Atakan
Published: December 2021

Osmanlı Devleti, 19. yüzyılda sanayi devrimi ile büyüyen ekonomilerin arasına girememiş, kendi kaynaklarını kendisinin işleyeceği bir teknolojiye, teknik bilgiye ve iş gücüne sahip olamamış ve emperyalist güçler tarafından hedef pazar olarak görülmeye mahkûm kalmıştır. Böyle bir dönemde iktisadi ve siyasi olarak yakınlık gösteren Almanya’nın Osmanlı’ya yaklaşımı diğer sanayileşmiş devletlerden farklı olmuş ve iktisadi temelde yoğunlaşan Türk-Alman ilişkileri gelişmeye başlamıştır. Gelişmekte olan bu ilişkilerin en önemli meyvelerinden birisi şüphesiz Bağdat Demiryolu imtiyazı olmuştur. Zira imtiyazı verilen bu demiryolu hattı İngiltere, Fransa ve Rusya’yı çıkarları doğrultusunda tedirgin ettiği gibi hat üzerindeki Mezopotamya petrolleri zenginliğini de heybesinde barındırdığından dolayı büyük devletleri tedirginlik ve yarış içerisine sokmuştur. Sanayileşmenin bir sonucu olarak petrole olan bağımlılığın artması, büyük devletlerin gözlerini Musul’da toprak yüzeyine kadar sıçrayan Mezopotamya petrollerine dikmesine sebep olmuştur. İmtiyaz yarışının kazananı Türk-Alman ilişkilerini kendisine özgü iktisadi yaklaşımı ile geliştiren Almanya olmuştur, ne var ki o da, bu servet değerindeki fırsatı değerlendirememiştir. Bu makalenin amacı da Almanya’nın imtiyazı alma sürecini ve Mezopotamya petrolleri ile meşguliyetini sentezlemektir.
Kebijakan Pendidikan Karakter Dalam Meminimalisir Kenakalan Remaja
Authors: Setiawan Farid , Taufiq Wildan , Puji Lestari Ayu , Ardianti Restianty Risma , Irna Sari Lailli
Published: December 2021

The role of character education in shaping student character is as a counterweight to cognitive skills for students. The implementation of character education itself has been reflected in Rasullullah SAW. In the person of the Apostle who contains great and noble values. Therefore the important role of teachers, school principals, and parents in building the character of students is needed. Teachers and parents must collaborate in instilling the character values of students so that later the character education received by children will be in accordance with what must be taught. Cultivating character education is very important for students so that in the future they can find out how good deeds are done and not good to use. Juvenile delinquency at this time is triggered because of being influenced by the circle of friends he follows, which causes them to be easily influenced by invitation from friends who they think are appropriate examples. This research was conducted to analyze the character education policy in minimizing juvenile delinquency.
The paradigm of international marketing in the digital age
Authors: Yerimpasheva A. T. , Tarakbaeva R. E. , Yolcu S. A.
Published: December 2021

As globalization and the internationalization of economies develop, traditional marketing strategies are gradually fading into the background. The digital age is coming, which is forming a new paradigm of international marketing. At the same time, as a result of the COVID–19 pandemic, the processes of transition to digitalization have accelerated. The new paradigm of international marketing is manifested in the intensification of competition, frequent changes in the product range, the need to expand partnerships and the reduction of asymmetry of information. In order to attract and retain customers in the era of advanced digital technologies, successful companies are forced to develop new strategies. New technologies such as Big Data and artificial intelligence are becoming an alternative. Consumer preferences are also changing regarding the form of advertising. Online advertising becomes preferable. With the aim of to identify the main features of the new marketing paradigm, preliminary qualitative secondary and primary studies were conducted. To study secondary information, a search for scientific literature on the research topic was carried out in the databases SCOPUS, Science Direct and Springer, which allowed us to understand the main trends in the development of international marketing in the era of digitalization. To conduct primary research, we compiled a questionnaire, consisted of open-ended questions. The survey was conducted using a Google Form. The questionnaire contained four sections on the following topics: (I) Manifestations of a new marketing paradigm; (II) Marketing strategies in a digital environment; (III) Big data VS Marketing research; and (IV) Online Advertising. A sample of convenience, based on 12 respondents – marketing specialists, allowed formulating marketing strategies in the context of the digitalization of the world.
Covid-19: Upaya Preventif dan Kuratif ala Ibu Hamil
Authors: Praharsini Astry Ayu
Published: December 2021

In 2020 all countries in the world are busy with a pandemic caused by the Covid-19 Virus. Indonesia is one of the countries whose citizens have been infected with Covid-19 since March 2020 and its spread is fast. Symptoms of being infected with Covid-19 are cough, fever, shortness of breath, anosmia and muscle aches, but in some cases, a person who is exposed to Covid-19 does not even show symptoms at all. Covid-19 can attack various ages ranging from children to the elderly, gender, including pregnant women. Pregnant women are stated to be very vulnerable to contracting Covid-19 with various other diseases, the fear of fetal growth and development cannot be separated from the mother's worries during the Covid-19 pandemic. This article deals with how pregnant women prevent being infected with Covid-19 and how they treat themselves when infected with Covid-19. 
This research was conducted in the city of Makassar. The informants involved in this study consisted of 10 pregnant women who are varied on the basis of age (between 19 and 26 years, gestational age (between 12 and 32 weeks) and occupation (seven housewives, a celebgram, a pharmacist, and a nurse). Data was collected usingthe combination of interview and observation.
In this study, it was found that the positive impacts of Covid-19 pandemic for pregnant women that their togetherness with members of the family becomes more intensive because they spend more time at home, they are more concerned about personal and family hygiene, they are more physically and mentally healthy, and they become more creative in using their free time. While the negative impact of Covid-19 for pregnant women is that they experience anxiety during the Covid-19 period. However, those who have a better understanding of Covid-19 tend to be positive in dealing with it. Although the efforts made by pregnant women in relation to prevention and treatment are similar but not the same, in preventive efforts, pregnant women are more likely to combine physical activity and various intakes related to efforts to maintain immunity. Meanwhile, in curative efforts, pregnant women limit the duration of physical activity and are more routine in carrying out healing efforts. The difference in nutritional intake also lies in vitamin supplements. In preventive efforts the consumption of supplements is not so ignored and focused on the food consumed, while in a curative effort, they tend to balance food intake and supplements to maintain immunity and accelerate recovery. It is argued in this article that despite the fact pregnant women are vulnerable group, they do not have their own specific treatment either to prevent or to treat them in relation to Covid-19.
Think-Pair-Share for Novice English Readers: Engaging Seventh Graders to Explore Narrative Text
Authors: Siam Binti Roifatus , Indah Rohmani Nur
Published: December 2021

Many studies have discussed the Think-Pair-Share strategy to increase students' learning motivation in various scientific fields, especially in learning English. However, it still requires more exploration concerning TPS implementation for seventh-grader students to improve their proficiency when engaged in narrative reading. This research departs from the student's opinion about the struggle to read and understand the narrative text, and the class was so boring. Therefore, it is assumed that the use of TPS can increase the student’s motivation in reading narrative text. The design chosen is classroom action research (CAR) implemented at MTs. Darul Hikmah Jabon. The participants were 26 students. This research is done with one pre-cycle for need analysis and two cycles to see the increase of the student's score. In the pre-cycle, only three students reached the success criteria. In the first cycle, the scores did not significantly increase; only eleven students succeeded. In the second cycle, twenty-three students showed improvement. It resumed that the TPS technique is very effective for increasing student motivation on reading narrative text.
Keywords: Think-Pair-Share, Narrative Text, Classroom Action Research.
Stres Üriner İnkontinans Nedeniyle Burch ve Transobturator tape Uygulanan Olgularda Seksüel Fonksiyon ve İnkontinans Skorun Karşılaştırılması
Authors: ERDEN Ömür , ERİN Recep , ŞAHİNLER Ayhan , YEŞİLÇİÇEK Şükrettin , BAKİ ERİN Kübra , KULAKSIZ Deniz , AYDIN KASAP Zeliha , BAYOĞLU TEKİN Yeşim
Published: December 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı stres üriner inkontinansın cerrahi tedavisinde uygulanan trans obturatuar tape (TOT) ve Burch
operasyonlarını postoperatif rezidüel volüm, seksüel fonksiyon ve inkontinans skorları açısından karşılaştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma prospektif gözlemsel olarak dizayn edildi. Eylül 2014- Ocak 2018 tarihleri arasında üriner
inkontinans cerrahisi uygulanan olgular dahil edildi. Trans obturatuar tape ve Burch uygulanan hastalar postoperatif
rezidü miktarı, Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale (ASEX) ve International Incontinence Questionnaire-Incontinence Short
Form (ICIQ-SF) açısından karşılaştırıldı. İstatistiksel analiz için student t, mann-whitney u, wilcoxon testleri uygulandı.
P<0,05 anlamlı kabul edildi.
Bulgular: 29'u TOT, 23'ü de BURCH olmak üzere toplam 52 stress üriner inkontinans cerrahisi uygulanan olgu çalışmaya
dahil edildi. Yaş ortalaması 55,50±9,71, ortalama izlem süresi 14,63±9,33 ay ve ortalama postoperatif rezidü miktarı
30,40±16,75 cc idi. Gruplar arasında post operatif rezidüel volüm idrar miktarı açısından istatistiki olarak anlamlı farklılık
vardır (p<0,05). BURCH ve TOT grupları arasında yaş (53,60–57,00) ve vücut kitle indeksi (VKI) (27,60-30,45) ortalamaları
yönünden anlamlı farlılık vardı (p<0,05). ICIQ-SF skorlarında ameliyat öncesi ve sonrası arasında istatistiki olarak anlamlı
farklılık bulunmuştur (BURCH preop:11,09/postop:1,30 - TOT preop:16,59/postop:0,79) (p<0,05). BURCH grubunda
operasyon sonrası ASEX skor ortalamalarındaki azalma (Preop 16,96 / postop 13,04) istatistiki olarak anlamlı bulunmuştur
(p=0,03), TOT grubunda operasyon sonrası ASEX skorunda (preop 19 / postop 18,24) azalma görülmüştür.
Sonuç: BURCH uygulanan olgularda seksüel fonksiyonlarda anlamlı olarak düzelme tespit edilmişken TOT uygulanan
olgularda ise inkontinans skorlarında anlamlı düzelme tespit edilmiştir.
Covid-19 Aşısının Kadın Sağlığı Üzerine Olan Etkileri
Authors: KAHYAOĞLU Serkan , USTUN Yaprak
Published: December 2021

Tüm dünyayı etkisi altına alan koronavirus-19 (Covid-19) pandemisini kontrol altına almak amacıyla ilaç ve aşı çalışmaları
devam etmektedir. Hastalığın henüz etkin bir ilaç tedavisinin geliştirilememiş olması aşılanmanın önemini arttırmaktadır.
Covid-19 aşılarının geliştirilmesi ve ülkelerce yaygın kullanıma girmesi ile beraber ağır hastalık ve ölüm oranları azalmıştır.
Yapılan çalışmalar aşıların özellikle ağır hastalığı önlemede etkin ve güvenilir olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bu derlememizde
Covid-19 aşılarının kadın sağlığı açısından kullanım alanlarını son veriler ışığında değerlendirdik.
On the Issue of Social Movement Definition
Authors: Harutyunyan Gayane
Published: December 2021

The paper is a theoretical review of “social movement” term definitions. Aiming to show differences among definitions within different paradigms and scientific evolution of the term the main approaches of defining social movements are discussed. Initially, social movements were studied by psychologists, who were examining different forms of collective behavior, such as mobs, crowds, protests and etc. Most of them considered social movements as an irrational and destructive form of collective action driven by the instincts of people. During the next decades, the theory of social movements was developed mostly by sociologists who, on the contrary, started to seek social reasons inducing this type of collective action. Different theoretical schools proposed various concepts of explaining the origin of social movements, but all of them agreed on the main characteristics: rational and organized collective action driven by unfulfilled social needs. Different authors linked social movement definitions with other important social phenomena such as norms and values, social conflict, social identity, and social network. Political scientists have also contributed to the study of social movements but in terms of power and state, terrorism and violence. Discussing psychological, sociological, and political science approaches to term definition we came to the conclusion that the most inclusive sociological definition is viewing social movement as a social network through which collective action is performed to achieve total or partial social change. Such kind of definition makes it possible to reveal the main criteria necessary to distinguish social movement as a separate social phenomenon from other types of collective action.
NEW RECORDS OF HALIPLIDAE, DYTISCIDAE, HYDROPHILIDAE AND SCIRTIDAE (COLEOPTERA) FROM LIPETSK OBLAST
Authors: Sazhnev A. , Prokin A. , Urbanus Ya.
Published: December 2021

Six species of aquatic Coleoptera are recorded from the Lipetsk Oblast for the first time: Haliplus flavicollis Sturm, 1834 (Haliplidae); Agabus paludosus (Fabricius, 1801), Ilybius neglectus (Erichson, 1837), I. wasastjernae (C.R. Sahlberg, 1824), Hydroporus incognitus Sharp, 1869, Hygrotus versicolor (Schaller, 1783) (Dytiscidae), Hydrobius rottenbergii Gerhardt, 1872 (Hydrophilidae). Two species (Ilybius wasastjernae, Hydroporus incognitus), are recorded at the southernmost limits of the known range in the European part of Russia. The record of Contacyphon laevipennis (Tournier, 1868) is confirmed by provided material. For three species, original photographs of the habitus and male genitalia are provided, and for two ones – of the habitat.
Studies on Arteria Celiaca and Its Branches in Gurcu Goats
Authors: DALGA Semine , YAMAN Ümran , ÇAL Tansel
Published: December 2021

In this study, arteria celiaca and its branches of Gurcu goats were examined macroscopically. 6 Gurcu goats (3Female/3Male) were used in the study. Latex was injected into the study materials from arteria carotis externa. In one of the male Gurcu goats, arteria celiaca was found to be separated from the aorta abdominalis by a common root with arteria mesenterica cranialis. It was determined that 3 branches were separated from arteria celiaca in one of the female Gurcu goats. It was observed that arteria celiaca, which separated from the ventral aspect of the aorta abdominalis, divided into 2 branches in animals. It was observed that arteria lienalis, a relatively thin branch, first gave rami pancreatici to the pancreas, then ramus epiploicus, arteria ruminalis sinistra and arteria ruminalis dextra. In females, it was observed that the arteria lienalis divided into 2 branches and entered the spleen from the hilus lienis. It was determined that the other branch coming out of arteria celiaca was a root belonging to arteria hepatica and arteria gastrica sinistra. In this study, arteria celiaca and its branches were examined macroanatomically in Gurcu goats and their vascular variations were compared with other small ruminants.
AVIFAUNISTIC DIVERSITY OF MERINE FOREST, NORTH-WEST ALGERIA
Authors: El Bouhissi Mayssara , Chedad Abdelwahab , Sadine Salah Eddine , Dahmani Walid , Hammou Mohamed Ait
Published: December 2021

This study is an avifaunistic diversity assessment was carried out in the Merine forest, Sidi Bel Abbes (Northwest Algeria). During three years (2019-2021). The major objective of our investigation is to inventory avian species and to define their phenological categories. Among the important results is a record of, 71 species of bird, belonging to 17 orders and 28 families. The Passeriformes are the most noted with 43 species, distributed across 15 families, of which the Muscicapidae is the most represented with 10 species. The phenological categories indicates that the majority of this species are resident breeders (65 %), 21% are migrant breeders and 14% are passing visitors. Depending on trophic status, 32% are polyphagous, 27% insectivorous, 17% carnivorous, 15% granivorous and 8% omnivorous. In addition, we noted that, 31 species are protected by Flat 12-235 in Algeria, with one species (Falco naumanni) protected by the Ordinance 06-05. Internationally and one species protected according of the IUCN red list (Streptopelia turtur). The Merine forest is shelter to five species endemic to North Africa: Barbary Partridge (Alectoris barbara), Levaillant's Woodpecker (Picus vaillantii), Moussier's Redstart (Phoenicurus moussieri), Tristram's Warbler (Sylvia deserticola), African Blue Tit (Cyanistes teneriffae).
Suriye İç Savaşı’nda Çatışma Yönetimi Perspektifinden Üçüncü Taraf Müdahaleleri
Authors: AKSOY Oğuzhan
Published: December 2021

Suriye iç savaşı, Arap Baharı sürecinde yaşanan iç krizlerden farklı özellikleri ile ayrılmaktadır. Başlangıcından itibaren uluslararası bir boyut ihtiva eden kriz, birçok farklı aktörün çekim alanına girmesi sebebiyle çatışma yönetimi bağlamında geniş bir çalışma alanı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Suriye’de yaşanan iç savaşta üçüncü taraf aktörlerin müdahalelerini, çatışma yönetimi perspektifinden ele almaktır. Makale, ana hatlarıyla üç bölümden oluşmaktadır: İlk bölümde Suriye İç Savaşı’nın kronolojik çerçevesi çizilecek ve 3.taraf aktörlerin motivasyonları incelenecektir. İkinci bölümde bu aktörlerin çatışma yönetimi bağlamında gerçekleştirdiği faaliyetler ele alınacaktır. Üçüncü bölümde; genelde Birleşmiş Milletler’in rolü ve barış görüşmeleri irdelenecektir. Aynı zamanda bu bölümde barış görüşmeleri kapsamında gerçekleştirilen Cenevre ve Astana müzakereleri ayrı başlıklar halinde ele alınacak ve ardından kısa bir değerlendirme yapılacaktır. Çalışma, 2011-2021 yılları arasında, çatışma yönetimi bağlamında ortaya koyulan faaliyetler ile sınırlandırılmıştır. Literatürde Suriye İç Savaşı, çoğunlukla dış politika analizleri çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Bu çalışma ise daha çok çatışma yönetimi nosyonları ile savaşı açıklamaya çalışmakta ve bu bağlamda literatürdeki eksiği azaltmayı ummaktadır.