bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Who is John Galt? From rational egoism to social responsibility through entrepreneurial passion
Authors: Bogatyreva Karina
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Enterprising individuals are frequently portrayed as rational agents who maximize their own interests. At the same time, an increasing number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) use social responsibility strategies, incorporating collective interests into their business agenda. This study aims to analyze the interplay between the rational and emotional aspects of the entrepreneurial personal identity and address its implications for the socially responsible behavior of businesses by drawing on the literature on entrepreneurial identity, the objectivism (rational egoism) philosophical perspective and the concept of entrepreneurial passion.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample of 333 Russian SMEs is used to test the research hypotheses. The study follows the quantitative research strategy, wherein the main assumptions are examined based on mediation testing techniques.

Findings

The results suggest that entrepreneurs whose personal identities are rooted in objectivism values are less likely to foster culture of social responsibility within their firms. At the same time, their entrepreneurial passion mitigates the negative effect of objectivism on social responsiveness of the venture.

Originality/value

This research enhances the understanding of entrepreneurial personality and can help policymakers promote social responsibility in small and medium businesses, showing that they need to communicate effectively with SMEs’ leaders and align their policies with entrepreneurial values and beliefs.
Microencapsulated rice bran alleviates hyperlipidemia induced by high‐fat diet via regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota
Authors: Wang Danni , Liu Xianbiao , Luo Ting , Wei Teng , Zhou Zeqiang , Deng Zeyuan
Published: July 2024

Hyperlipidemia has been suggested to be associated with dysregulation of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. The present study prepared microencapsulated rice bran (MRB) with high stability based on in situ rice bran oil embedding and investigated the effects of MRB on lipid metabolism and gut microbiota in hyperlipidemic mice induced by high‐fat diet (HFD). Results showed that compared to HFD fed mice, lipid levels in serum and hepatic lipid accumulation were reduced in mice fed with MRB, which was potentially associated with the fact that MRB decreased the expression of genes related to lipogenesis (Srebp1c, Acc, Hmgcr, and Fas) and increased the expression of genes related to lipid catabolism (Hsl, Atgl) and oxidation (Acox, Cpt1, Ucp1) (p < 0.05). In gut, MRB supplementation significantly elevated the abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Dubosiella and Faecalibaculum. In addition, significant increase in short‐chain fatty acid was observed in mice from MRB groups when compared to HFD groups (p < 0.05). Overall, this study suggested that MRB could alleviate the hyperlipidemia induced by HFD, which was related to the alteration of lipid metabolism and gut microbiota.
Mitigating the effect of by‐catch on endangered marine life
Authors: Villafáfila M. , Carpio A. J. , Rivas M. L.
Published: July 2024

The fishing gear deployed by fishermen in seas and oceans throughout the world not only captures target species but also unintentionally ensnares non‐target species, a phenomenon known as ‘by‐catch’. This unintended capture of marine life can represent significant challenges for the fishing industry, with adverse impacts on both the environment and species such as sea turtles, marine mammals, seabirds and elasmobranchs, which may be injured or even killed. To address this problem, the fishing industry has implemented regulations and mitigation measures. In this literature review, we have examined 389 papers published between 2010 and 2022 that assess the effectiveness of these measures. Taking into account the fishing gear with which each group interacts the most, trawls for sea turtles, gillnets for marine mammals and longlines for seabirds and elasmobranchs, it has been demonstrated that ‘TEDs’ (Turtle Excluder Devices) are an effective measure for sea turtles, ‘pingers’ for marine mammals and ‘BSLs’ (Bird Scaring Lines), more commonly known as ‘tori lines’, for seabirds. The most complex case is that of elasmobranchs, and the most effective measure has yet to be discovered. This complexity arises from the ongoing targeted fishing of these species, resulting in less monitoring of their catches and, therefore, fewer surveys. Overall, we encourage the global implementation of these measures by the fishing industry in order to reduce by‐catch in an attempt to ensure the future of many endangered species.
Intraoperative cytokine adsorption in cardiothoracic transplant patients: An Australian propensity‐score matched pilot study
Authors: Chia Misté (Rong Hui) , Naidoo Rishendran , Chinthamuneedi Raja , Tesar Peter
Published: July 2024

Background

It is unclear if immunomodulation via cytokine adsorption (CA) to reduce perioperative inflammatory cascade in cardiothoracic transplants is associated with better outcomes.

Objective

This pilot study aims to assess the clinical outcomes of intraoperative CA in heart/lung transplantation.

Methods

From July to October 2020, intraoperative CA was instituted in 11 patients who underwent heart/lung transplantation. One‐to‐one propensity score matching without replacement was conducted with historical patients who did not receive CA at the time of surgery. Primary end‐points evaluated were vasopressor/ inotropic demands, blood loss and mortality. Secondary end‐points measured were operative morbidities.

Results

After matching, there were 2 (18.2%) ventricular assist device explant with heart transplantation, 2 (18.2%) heart transplantation and 7 (63.6%) lung transplantation in each group. Mean age in both groups were 53.3 years and 54.9 years respectively.

The duration of noradrenaline requirement in the CA group was shorter (median, 1627 versus 3144 min, P = 0.5) and postoperative dopamine demand was significantly higher (median peak dose, 5.0 versus 0 μg/kg/min, P = 1.0; median duration of use, 7729 versus 0 min, P = 0.01). Non‐red blood cell transfusion rate was two times higher in CA patients (90.9% versus 45.4%, P = 0.06). Early mortality was higher in the control group (18.2% versus 9.1%, P = 1.0).

No differences were observed in the incidences of operative morbidities.

Conclusion

Intraoperative CA in heart and lung transplantation in our institution was not associated with significant improvement in clinical outcomes, including vasopressor/inotropic demand. Larger studies are required to evaluate the transfusion requirements and mortality risks with CA use in this patient population.
Sotalol prophylaxis was efficient and safe for supraventricular tachycardia in early infancy
Authors: Evertsson Caroline , Eliasson Håkan , Halvorsen Cecilia Pegelow
Published: July 2024

Aim

There is no consensus on the best prophylaxis for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) in infancy. We studied the efficacy and safety of sotalol.

Method

This retrospective study comprised infants diagnosed with SVT before 1 year of age and treated with sotalol during 2002–2018 in Stockholm, Sweden. The patients' characteristics, comorbidities, sotalol dosages, QT intervals and outcomes were extracted from their medical records.

Results

We studied 85 infants (65% boys) with a median age of eight (range 0–288) days at the time of diagnosis, including 78 with re‐entry tachycardia. Sotalol was completely or partially successful in the 67/75 patients who completed the treatment, as well as in four of the seven patients with other tachycardia mechanisms. The 48 infants with postnatal debut had significantly higher success rates than the 27 with foetal debut (96% vs. 78%, p = 0.04). Prolongation of corrected QT (QTc) intervals of ≥450 ms occurred in 16% of the total cohort and two patients with QTc intervals of ≥500 ms had their treatment changed. There were no cases of proarrhythmia after sotalol treatment.

Conclusion

Sotalol provided effective and safe prophylaxis for SVT during infancy. QTc prolongation rarely caused treatment discontinuation and there were no cases of proarrhythmia.
Exploring the “inner compass”: How career strivings relate to career self‐management and career success
Authors: Hirschi Andreas , Pang Dandan
Published: July 2024

This research investigates the relations between career strivings, career self‐management behaviors, and career success. Examining 312 German workers with two measurement waves, Study 1 reveals that career strivings significantly positively relate to engagement in various career behaviors, extending beyond the scope of established motivational variables. Specifically, we observed that self‐enhancement strivings correlate with self‐promotion activities, self‐transcendent strivings with helping behaviors, and personal growth strivings with continuous learning. In Study 2, incorporating three measurement waves and involving 299 German workers, examines how these career strivings differentially relate to objective career success and career satisfaction. Our findings indicate that self‐enhancement strivings are associated with higher leadership positions and workplace status, while self‐transcendent and personal growth strivings are linked to greater career satisfaction. Additionally, self‐enhancement strivings indirectly relate to career satisfaction through increased recognition. In contrast, self‐transcendent and personal growth strivings relate to satisfaction through experiences of meaningful work and personal development. This research underscores the significance of career strivings in influencing career self‐management behaviors and success, providing novel insights into the complex interplay between individual aspirations and professional outcomes.
Archaeometric analysis of pottery sherds from Barveh Tepe: Insights into Early Bronze Age pottery‐making techniques and firing temperatures
Authors: Barani Hossein , Ghorbani Hamid Reza , Moradi Fatemeh , Mehrizi Maryam Mortazavi , Sharifi Mahnaz , Lievens Caroline
Published: July 2024

Barveh Tepe, an archaeological site from the Early Bronze Age in the Zagros Mountains of Iran, was the focus of an archaeometric analysis in this study. The aim was to evaluate the firing temperature of excavated pottery sherds from Barveh Tepe and to gain insights into the pottery‐making techniques employed. A range of analytical methods, including optical microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD), was utilized to characterize the pottery sherds. The results revealed the utilization of two primary types of raw clays: calcite‐rich (calcareous) and calcite‐poor (non‐calcareous). The presence of calcite in calcareous pottery samples was confirmed, with the calcareous pottery showing a low CO3−2 vibrational band, indicating a low firing temperature. Through the integration of SEM images, FTIR spectra, TGA curve and XRD pattern results, the estimated firing temperature range for Barveh Tepe pottery was determined to be between 600 and 1100°C. These findings provide new insights into the pottery‐making practices of the Early Bronze Age and shed light on the technological advancements of the period.
Modified cranial approach to right‐sided colon cancer in a patient with intestinal nonrotation: A case report
Authors: Monma Satoko , Doi Ken‐ichi , Sakuyama Naoki , Ahiko Yuka , Onoyama Haruna , Aikou Susumu , Shida Dai
Published: July 2024

Managing colon cancer with intestinal nonrotation, a type of congenital intestinal malrotation, is challenging due to the presence of anatomical abnormalities and severe adhesions. When patients have nonrotation, it is markedly more difficult to determine which vessels correspond to the colic vessels and ileal vessels until all vascular branching patterns become evident. The optimal approach for right‐sided colon cancer with intestinal nonrotation has yet to be established. In the present case of ascending colon cancer with intestinal nonrotation, we performed laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with D3 dissection using a modified cranial approach. This approach involves tracing, without resecting, branches from the superior mesenteric vein and superior mesenteric artery in a cranial‐to‐caudal manner until the ileocolic artery and ileocolic vein, which course toward the cecum, are identified, followed by the dissection of the colic vessels and lymph nodes in a caudal‐to‐cranial fashion.
A 3‐year retrospective review of hospital admissions involving opioid toxicity in South Australia
Authors: Sarantou Maria , Burke Anne L. J. , Semple Tim , Johnson Jacinta L.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

This article aims to characterise hospital admissions involving opioid toxicity across South Australia to guide future implementation and evaluation of risk mitigation strategies.

Methods

International Classification of Diseases, 10th Edition codes (T40.0–T40.4) were used to identify admissions involving pre‐hospital opioid toxicity in public hospitals across South Australia from 1 June 2017 to 30 August 2020. Demographic and episode of care data were extracted and summarised using descriptive statistics. Admission cost estimates were calculated using Independent Hospital Pricing Authority data.

Results

A total of 2046 cases met the criteria for inclusion; over half (56%) were female and median age on admission was 44 years (interquartile range 27 years). Where opioid toxicity was the primary diagnosis, 70% of admissions did not specify the responsible opioid and 23% were related to heroin use. One‐fifth of admissions occurred outside of metropolitan Adelaide. Individuals living in an area of relative socio‐economic disadvantage were over‐represented. Over half of admissions required a stay >24 h; 19% were admitted for ≥5 days, 22% required intensive care and ~10% required mechanical ventilation. The total estimated cost of admissions involving opioid toxicity in South Australia over the 3‐year period was $18,230,546.50, equating to $5.6 million per annum.

Discussions and Conclusions

These findings highlight the significant personal, fiscal, and systemic impacts of opioid toxicity‐related hospital admissions in South Australia and provide a baseline to evaluate the effectiveness of initiatives to reduce opioid‐related harm, including real‐time prescription monitoring and take‐home naloxone supply.
Single‐session endoscopic ultrasound‐directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with a dedicated over‐the‐scope fixation device: Feasibility study (with video)
Authors: Bronswijk Michiel , Gökce Emine , Hindryckx Pieter , Van der Merwe Schalk
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Endoscopic ultrasound‐directed transgastric endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP; EDGE) is proposed as a less invasive alternative to laparoscopy‐assisted ERCP. However, postponing ERCP for 1–2 weeks to reduce the risk of lumen‐apposing metal stent (LAMS) migration may not be practical in urgent cases such as cholangitis, leading to increased procedural burden. This study aimed to assess the feasibility and safety of a single‐session EDGE utilizing a dedicated over‐the‐scope fixation device.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from three referral centers was performed, including consecutive single‐session EDGE procedures with the Stentfix device, utilizing only 20 × 10 mm LAMS. The primary outcome was LAMS migration, and key secondary outcomes included adverse events and technical success.

Results

Twenty patients (mean age 59 [standard deviation (SD) ± 11.3] years, 65.0% female) with a predominantly classic Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass history (90.0%, mini‐bypass 10.0%) underwent ERCP for indications such as common bile duct stones (60.0%), cholangitis (25.0%), or biliary pancreatitis (15.0%). No LAMS migration occurred, and technical success was achieved in 95.0%. Over a median follow‐up of 102 days (interquartile range [IQR] 24.8–182), two adverse events were reported (10.0%), comprising postprocedural pain (grade I) and post‐ERCP pancreatitis (grade II).

Conclusion

While acknowledging potential contributions from LAMS orientation and stent caliber, our data suggest that utilizing a dedicated over‐the‐scope stent fixation device may effectively prevent LAMS migration during single‐session EDGE without the need for endoscopic suturing.
Review of equine glandular gastric disease
Authors: Banse Heidi E. , Paul Linda J.
Published: July 2024

Equine glandular gastric disease (EGGD) is a common disorder of horses that presents challenges in both diagnosis and treatment for equine veterinarians. Because clinical signs are non‐specific, diagnosis requires endoscopy. Lesion grading may be inconsistent due to challenges in interpreting endoscopic findings, which complicates diagnosis and monitoring. Successful management is difficult due to the multifactorial pathogenesis of disease. This review will provide an overview of the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and approach to the management of EGGD.
Loss of keratin 14 expression from immortalized keratinocytes by promoter methylation
Authors: Koh Rosita , Szeverenyi Ildiko , Lunny Declan P. , Eng Goi Hui , Lane E. Birgitte
Published: July 2024

Immortalized keratinocytes can offer a low‐cost experimental platform for human skin research, with increased cell yield compared to primary cultures. However, the usefulness of these surrogate cell models is highly dependent on their ability to retain the phenotypic attributes of the parent cells. Keratins K14 and K5 are the hallmarks of undifferentiated, mitotically active basal keratinocytes. We observed occasional progressive loss of K14 expression in growing keratinocyte cell lines, with persistent retention of K5 and an epithelial phenotype, and investigated possible reasons for this. We show that K14 repression occurs by DNA promoter methylation of KRT14 gene and is compounded by histone deacetylation and by the presence of EGF. In vivo, keratinocytes shut down K14 synthesis as they commit to terminal differentiation and move from the basal to spinous layer, but by laser‐capture microdissection of human epidermis we could detect no evidence of increased selective KRT14 methylation in this normal process. Loss of K14 expression suggests that epidermal identity of cultured keratinocytes can be compromised in certain tissue culture situations, possibly due to the immortalization method and persistent EGF supplementation.
Helicobacter pylori‐Associated Extranodal Marginal Zone Lymphoma of Mucosa‐Associated Tissue in Children: A Multicenter Case Series
Authors: Melnik Pesah , Weintraub Ilana , Shamaly Hussein , Cohen Shlomi , Greenberg‐Kushnir Noa , Schiby Ginette , Weiss Batia
Published: July 2024

Objective

Data regarding Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)‐associated mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma in children are lacking. We aimed to characterize the diagnosis, management, and outcome of H. pylori‐associated MALT lymphoma in pediatric patients.

Study Design

A retrospective multicenter case series of the pediatric patients with H. pylori‐associated MALT lymphoma who were diagnosed during 2010–2022.

Results

Five children, of them three females, were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 14.6 ± 2.4 years. The clinical presentation included abdominal pain (5/5), nausea (3/5), weight loss, night sweats, recurrent fever (1/5), and iron deficiency anemia (2/5). Endoscopic findings in both the stomach antrum and body included a fragile and hyperemic mucosa, large ulcers, extensive nodularity, and exudate. All the biopsies from the gastric mucosa were consistent with MALT lymphoma, and positive for H. pylori (by Giemsa stain). All the patients received triple therapy (amoxicillin, nitroimidazole, or a macrolide, and a proton pump inhibitor, for 14 days), and achieved H. pylori eradication. All had complete resolution of histological findings at the last follow‐up. In one patient, the histology of MALT lymphoma persisted 12 months after H. pylori eradication, and only the 18‐month‐biopsy was free of residual disease.

Conclusions

In this series of pediatric MALT lymphoma, complete resolution of disease occurred in all the patients, yet histological remission was delayed in one. This supports the importance of endoscopic follow‐up.
High serum gamma‐glutamyltransferase level after hepatitis C virus elimination is a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Murakawa Miyako , Nakagawa Mina , Nishimura Hisaaki , Kaneko Shun , Miyoshi Masato , Kawai‐Kitahata Fukiko , Nitta Sayuri , Tsuchiya Jun , Shimizu Taro , Watakabe Keiya , Mochida Tomohiro , Inada Kento , Iizuka Yasuhiro , Sakai Hideki , Sakurai Yuki , Sato Ayako , Azuma Seishin , Kawamura Takahiro , Maeyashiki Chiaki , Kurosaki Masayuki , Kusano Fumihiko , Watanabe Hideki , Kurata Hitoshi , Karakama Yuko , Fujiwara Takeo , Nagata Yuki , Tanaka Toshihiro , Kakinuma Sei , Okamoto Ryuichi , Asahina Yasuhiro
Published: July 2024

Aim

Gamma‐glutamyltransferase (GGT) is known as an oxidative stress marker, induced by alcohol consumption and metabolic disorders, and is reported as a predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development after hepatitis C virus (HCV) elimination. However, it is not clear whether GGT serves simply as a surrogate marker for overlapping metabolic diseases or reflects HCV‐specific carcinogenicity. We investigated the association between GGT and hepatocarcinogenesis after achieving a sustained viral response (SVR), accounting for drinking habits or diabetes, and examined predisposing factors associated with GGT levels after SVR.

Methods

This is a prospective, multicenter, and observational study using the database of 1001 patients after HCV eradication with direct‐acting antiviral agents. The association of GGT at SVR with cumulative HCC development was examined in a multivariate analysis using Cox proportional hazard models after adjustment for covariates including alcohol and diabetes. The association between oxidative stress markers or genetic factors and GGT levels was analyzed.

Results

High GGT levels at SVR were associated with HCC development (HR] 2.38, 95% CI 1.10–5.17). This association was also significant when restricted to patients without alcohol consumption or diabetes (HR 8.38, 95% CI 2.87–24.47). GGT levels were correlated with serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels, a marker of mitochondrial dysfunction. Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms of ZNF827 and GDF15 were associated with high GGT levels.

Conclusions

High GGT levels at SVR were associated with HCC development after accounting for alcohol consumption and diabetes. GGT levels are influenced by genetic predisposition and may reflect mitochondrial dysfunction after HCV eradication.
The oxidation resistance study of a novel quasi‐molten coating for the prebaked anode
Authors: Hao Pengcheng , Lv Xiaojun , Han Zexun , Wu Yongcong , Tan Xuan
Published: July 2024

Air oxidation is the main cause of the excessive consumption of prebaked anodes, which not only wastes carbon resources but also increases carbon emissions. In this study, a quasi‐molten coating with self‐healing for prebaked anode by using the slurry method was proposed. This coating utilizes the viscous molten liquid phases to bond the carbon anode, absorbs thermal stress, insulates the carbon anode from the air, and provides self‐healing capabilities at elevated temperatures, while the solid phase provides toughening properties. A series of oxidation experiments have shown that the coating has superior oxidation resistance than coatings reported in the literature.
Experiences of Respite Care Among Carers or Relatives Who are Responsible for Caring for Individuals With a Mental Illness: An Integrative Literature Review
Authors: Almoaber Zahra , Moxham Lorna , Patterson Christopher
Published: July 2024

An integrative review methodology was employed, following PRISMA guidelines and Whittemore and Knafi's method for integrative review. Thus, the review synthesised the findings of empirical literature published between 2005 and 2023 drawn from four databases: CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Scopus. From the seven studies that met the inclusion criteria, a number of themes emerged: (a) relief of carer burden; (b) benefits for individuals with Mental Illness (MI); (c) barriers to accessing respite care; and (d) inappropriate services model for respite care for individuals with MI. The review findings indicate that using respite care services can decrease a carer's burden and can positively impact both carers and individuals with MI. Conversely, respite care may cause an increase in carers' stress levels due to the lack of service availability, insufficient knowledge and understanding about respite care services for carers, respite accessibility challenges accessible for people with MI and the reluctance of people with MI to accept respite care.
Perspectives of healthcare practitioners on environmental sustainability in healthcare: A qualitative study
Authors: Cruz Jonas Preposi , Balay‐Odao Ejercito Mangawa , Almazan Joseph U. , Manabat April , Smagulova Meruyert , Kavashev Zulyar , Gusmanov Arnur , Syzdykova Alma , Dauletkaliyeva Zhaniya , Seidakhmetova Aizat , Colet Paolo C.
Published: July 2024

Aim

To explore the perspectives of Kazakhstani healthcare professionals on environmental sustainability in healthcare.

Design

An exploratory qualitative design.

Methods

Four focus group discussions (FGDs) on environmental sustainability in healthcare were conducted among healthcare professionals (nurses, physicians, midwives and physical therapists) from June to August 2023 in three cities of Kazakhstan. Each FGD consisted of at least 6 to 11 participants and lasted between 60 and 90 minutes. The collected data were analysed using the thematic analysis.

Results

A total of 137 initial codes were identified and further organized into 22 sub‐themes based on similarities in codes and meanings, and then 5 significant themes were identified. The five main themes are ‘Environmental Sustainability Practices in Healthcare’, ‘Purposes of Environmental Sustainability in Healthcare’, ‘Impact of Environmental Sustainability in Healthcare in Patients’, ‘Challenges in Implementing Environmental Sustainability in Healthcare’ and ‘The Role of Healthcare Leadership in Improving Environmental Sustainability in Healthcare’.

Conclusions

The findings highlighted the perceptions and practices of healthcare professionals on environmental sustainability's purposes in healthcare, its impacts on patients and its implementation challenges. The study also underscored the critical role of strong and active leadership in ensuring a sustainable implementation of green policies in healthcare facilities and achieving successful results of environmentally conscious healthcare practices.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

The findings provide invaluable information that can be used by policymakers and healthcare organization leaders to create a sustainable healthcare system. Implementing environmental sustainability practices in healthcare should be widespread, intentional, and sustainable, entailing strong leadership and unwavering personal and organizational commitment.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.

Reporting Method

We adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines, specifically the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research.
What makes life better or worse: Quality of life according to people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Holmes Holli M. , Mortenson W. Ben
Published: July 2024

Background

People with intellectual disabilities are rarely involved in research on quality of life. The study sought to answer the question: what do people with intellectual disabilities believe improves or hinders their quality of life?

Method

Using an inclusive, accessible research design, 18 participants met in small groups to answer the study's question using their choice of arts‐based media. Participants completed the analysis collaboratively, identifying key themes among their responses.

Results

The participants concluded that supports, well‐being, hobbies, and activities contribute to quality of life. Lack of accessibility, assumptions, negative behaviours, stress, and negative people (staff, roommates, people in general) were identified as detractors of quality of life.

Conclusions

To continue to make progress in improving the quality of life of individuals with intellectual disabilities, the voice of those with intellectual disabilities is key. The results suggest key areas of focus to make these improvements.
Human development and family science: A story of disciplinary fragmentation and kinship
Authors: Dyer Kathleen D.
Published: July 2024

Departments of Human Development and Family Science (HDFS) are a disciplinary descendent of home economics, which emerged in the late 1800s as a product of progressivism, funding tied to agriculture, and misogyny in higher education. The study of development and family joined home economics departments in the 1930s and 1940s. Some home economics departments were dismantled in the 1960s and others were transformed into HDFS. Other home economics subdisciplines separated and matured into new independent disciplines. This history is illustrated with the story of my own department at Fresno State. The loss of the home economics name created fragmentation, producing a visibility problem and a disciplinary identity crisis for HDFS. I propose a pragmatic focus on our departmental (rather than disciplinary) identities to unify us for collective action. I also propose that we embrace our interdisciplinary nature by using a kinship metaphor of disciplinarity rather than the more common territorial metaphor.
Material metabolism and associated environmental impacts in Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration
Authors: Huang Guochun , Song Lulu , Wen Yizhuo , Chen Wei‐Qiang
Published: July 2024

Rapid urbanization has resulted in significant bulk materials use, raising concerns over associated environmental impacts and sustainability challenges. However, a significant gap remains in the city‐level analysis of bulk materials production, use, and associated environmental impacts in China. This study calculated the stocks and flows of 13 bulk materials and their associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across nine cities in the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration (PRDUA) of China during 2000–2020. Results showed that total and per‐capita material stocks within the PRDUA experienced a continuous increase, with an average annual growth rate of 0.5 Gt/year and 4.4 t/cap/year, respectively. Both material stocks and flows exhibited similar spatial distribution patterns that gradually decreased from the center to the perimeter. As stocks continuously increase, GHG emissions from material production were rising annually, reaching 187.2 Mt CO2e in 2020. While recycling end‐of‐life materials contributes to reducing GHG emissions, the current limited mass of recycling curtails its broader impacts. This situation highlights a significant untapped potential within the city to meet decarbonization goals. To maximize the carbon reduction benefits, it is essential to enhance recycling efforts. Moreover, it is crucial that recycling strategies are specifically tailored to suit the timing, location, and types of materials involved.
Unlocking the psycho‐social‐dermal axis: A double blinded randomized placebo controlled study unveiling the influence of a novel topical formulation on skin quality, attractiveness, quality of life, and sexual satisfaction
Authors: Fabi Sabrina G. , Cattelan Leila , Caughlin Benjamin , Pérez Jose Sanchez , Cirrincione Mia , Dayan Steven
Published: July 2024

Background

Improved skin appearance is closely linked to higher self‐esteem, favorable first impressions, and enhanced quality of life, with skincare products often being formulated with biostimulatory and regenerative ingredients to both enhance skin health and provide psychological benefits. Certain components, such as phospholipids and botanicals, may not only improve skin quality, but also impact mood, romantic bonding, and sexual attraction.

Aims

To assess whether a novel topical skin care product formulated with a proprietary combination of proteins, lipids, and botanical derivatives, can potentially result in a robust psycho‐social‐dermatological benefit via modulation epidermal oxytocin and pheromonal pathways.

Patients/Methods

In this single‐center prospective, randomized, controlled, double‐blinded study, 40 female subjects were randomly assigned to use of either active novel skincare products, or placebos, for 4–8 weeks. Skin assessments, standardized photography, first impression ratings, and questionnaires on confidence and sexual satisfaction were conducted.

Results

Thirty‐nine subjects completed the study and demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in skin quality following 4 and 8 weeks of use, with improvements of greater magnitude demonstrated with a longer duration of use. Product users projected a better first impression and appeared on average 3 years younger than their actual age, with 86% of subjects reporting increased confidence. Product users found random people of the opposite sex to be more attractive 88% of the time and reported improvement in sexual satisfaction in 90% of the categories.

Conclusions

The use of this novel topical product culminated in statistically significant improvements in skin quality, confidence, sexual relationship satisfaction, perceived attractiveness, and youthfulness, highlighting its potential in anti‐aging and mood enhancement.
Linking patient safety, caring behaviours and professional self‐efficacy with missed nursing care among Filipino emergency room nurses: A structural equation model study
Authors: Berdida Daniel Joseph E. , Alhudaib Noura
Published: July 2024

Aims

To investigate the interrelationships of patient safety, caring behaviours, professional self‐efficacy and missed nursing care among emergency room nurses.

Design

Cross‐sectional, correlational study.

Methods

Filipino emergency room nurses (n = 345) participated via convenience sampling from September 2023 to January 2024. Four validated self‐report scales were used to collect data and were analysed using Spearman rho, covariance‐based structural equation modelling, mediation and path analyses.

Results

The emerging model of study variables displayed satisfactory fit indices. Patient safety directly influenced caring behaviours and professional self‐efficacy, while negatively influencing missed nursing care. Caring behaviours directly and indirectly affected professional self‐efficacy and missed nursing care, respectively. Professional self‐efficacy negatively influences missed nursing care. Finally, caring behaviours and professional self‐efficacy were significant mediators between the association of patient safety and missed nursing care.

Conclusion

Caring behaviours and professional self‐efficacy of emergency room nurses demonstrated mediating effects that can potentially improve patient safety practices thereby minimizing unfinished or missed nursing care.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

Nurses and healthcare organizations should commit to consistently maintain a workplace culture that fosters patient safety, caring behaviours and professional self‐efficacy to minimize avoidable injuries and omitting nursing care tasks.

Reporting Method

STrengthening the Reporting of OBservational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE).

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Time to initiation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in conventional cardiopulmonary resuscitation affects the patient survival prognosis
Authors: Sim Ji‐Hoon , Kim Sang‐Min , Kim Hong‐Rae , Kang Pil‐Je , Kim Hwa Jung , Lee Donghee , Lee Sang‐Wook , Choi In‐Cheol
Published: July 2024

Background

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the cornerstone intervention for cardiac arrest, with extracorporeal CPR (ECPR) demonstrating enhanced survival and neurologic outcomes in in‐hospital cardiac arrest. This study explores the time interval between CPR initiation and the onset of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in ECPR recipients, investigating its impact on survival outcomes.

Methods

This retrospective analysis included 1950 adults who received CPR at a single medical center between March 2019 and April 2023. Data from 198 adult patients who had ECMO inserted during CPR were analyzed. The interval from CPR initiation to ECMO initiation was quantified and categorized as ≤20, 20–40, and >40 min. Cox regression analysis assessed associations between CPR‐to‐ECMO time and short‐ and long‐term mortalities.

Results

Among the 198 patients who underwent ECPR, 116 (58.6%) experienced 30‐day mortality. Initiation of ECMO within 20 min occurred in 46 (23.2%), whereas 74 (37.4%) had ECMO initiated after 40 min. Cox regression revealed a significant association between time from CPR to ECMO initiation and 30‐day mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 2.20 in >40 min, HR: 2.63 in 20–40 min, p = 0.006) and 6‐month mortality (HR: 1.81, in >40 min, HR: 1.99 in 20–40 min, p = 0.021).

Conclusions

This study revealed that, in ECPR recipients, a shorter duration between CPR initiation and ECMO flow commencement is associated with improved short‐ and long‐term patient prognoses. These findings emphasize the critical role of timely ECMO application in optimizing outcomes for patients undergoing ECPR.
Network meta‐analysis of adjuvant chemotherapy in biliary tract cancers: Setting the scene for new randomized evidence
Authors: Salani Francesca , Vetere Guglielmo , Rossini Daniele , Genovesi Virginia , Carullo Martina , Bartalini Linda , Massa Valentina , Bernardini Laura , Caccese Miriam , Cesario Silvia , Graziani Jessica , Grelli Giada , Mangogna Francesco , Vivaldi Caterina , Masi Gianluca , Fornaro Lorenzo
Published: July 2024

Background and Aims

The best adjuvant chemotherapy for resected biliary tract cancer (BTC) is under debate, with capecitabine supported by weak evidence. Aim of this network meta‐analysis is to estimate the efficacy of different phase II/III regimens, comparing monotherapies (gemcitabine or fluoropyrimidines) head‐to‐head, against observation and combination regimens.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and EMBASE for phase II/III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) available as of December 2023, reporting hazard ratios (HRs) of overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS). A frequentist framework employing a random‐effects model was applied; treatment rankings were outlined according to P‐score, based on direct and indirect evidence. Exploratory subgroup analyses for OS were also performed (primary site, resected margin status and nodal involvement).

Results

Six RCTs (1979 total patients) were identified. Fluoropyrimidine monotherapy showed significantly better OS (HR .84 [.72–.97]) and EFS (HR .79 [.69–.91]) than observation, as any monotherapy did (HR .84 [.74–.96]; HR .79 [.70–.89]). In the head‐to‐head comparison for OS, only S1 confirmed to be superior to observation alone (HR .69 [.49–.98]) while fluoropyrimidines achieved the best P score (.81), similarly to any monotherapy (0.92). Combinations failed to prove superior to monotherapies with respect both to OS and EFS. Subgroup analyses were inconclusive due to results' inconsistency and limited sample size.

Conclusions

Our work confirmed that adjuvant chemotherapy grants OS and EFS benefit for resected BTC patients. Fluoropyrimidines appeared the most effective option, confirming capecitabine as the preferred choice for the Western population.
Beyond cyanogenesis: Temperature gradients drive environmental adaptation in North American white clover (Trifolium repens L.)
Authors: Kuo Wen‐Hsi , Zhong Limei , Wright Sara J. , Goad David M. , Olsen Kenneth M.
Published: July 2024

Species that repeatedly evolve phenotypic clines across environmental gradients have been highlighted as ideal systems for characterizing the genomic basis of local environmental adaptation. However, few studies have assessed the importance of observed phenotypic clines for local adaptation: conspicuous traits that vary clinally may not necessarily be the most critical in determining local fitness. The present study was designed to fill this gap, using a plant species characterized by repeatedly evolved adaptive phenotypic clines. White clover is naturally polymorphic for its chemical defence cyanogenesis (HCN release with tissue damage); climate‐associated cyanogenesis clines have evolved throughout its native and introduced range worldwide. We performed landscape genomic analyses on 415 wild genotypes from 43 locations spanning much of the North American species range to assess the relative importance of cyanogenesis loci vs. other genomic factors in local climatic adaptation. We find clear evidence of local adaptation, with temperature‐related climatic variables best describing genome‐wide differentiation between sampling locations. The same climatic variables are also strongly correlated with cyanogenesis frequencies and gene copy number variations (CNVs) at cyanogenesis loci. However, landscape genomic analyses indicate no significant contribution of cyanogenesis loci to local adaptation. Instead, several genomic regions containing promising candidate genes for plant response to seasonal cues are identified — some of which are shared with previously identified QTLs for locally adaptive fitness traits in North American white clover. Our findings suggest that local adaptation in white clover is likely determined primarily by genes controlling the timing of growth and flowering in response to local seasonal cues. More generally, this work suggests that caution is warranted when considering the importance of conspicuous phenotypic clines as primary determinants of local adaptation.
Diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor with distinct neuronal and glial components but identical diagnostic molecular and genetic features
Authors: Witten Andrew J. , Dougherty Carson , Hao Chunhai
Published: July 2024

The 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of the central nervous system (CNS) tumors has classified diffuse leptomeningeal glioneuronal tumor (DLGNT) as a mixed neuronal and glial tumor. Here, we report a DLGNT with two distinct morphological tumor components but identical molecular features. A four‐year‐old female child presented with progressive right upper extremity weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed the leptomeningeal enhancement over the brain stem and cervicothoracic spine. The histological examination of surgical specimens revealed two distinct tumor components: approximately half of the tumor is composed of oligodendroglioma‐like tumor intermingled with nodules of ganglioglioma‐like tumor. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the oligodendroglioma and ganglioglioma features. The molecular genetic studies demonstrated the features of DLGNT, including fusion of KIAA1549::BRAF, deletion of chromosome 1p, and absence of isocitrate dehydrogenase 1/2 (IDH1/2) mutation in both tumor components. Interestingly, the genetic studies also revealed the distinct chromosomal abnormalities of the loss of chromosome 4 only in oligodendroglioma‐like tumor and copy neutral loss of heterozygosity of 7Q34Q36.3 in the ganglioglioma‐like tumor component. This case highlights the critical role of molecular testing in the diagnosis of rare cases of DLGNT with diverse morphological components as well as in the identification of unique molecular alternations responsible for morphological phenotypes of the distinct tumors in DLGNT.
Antifungal recombinant psoriasin of human origin effectively inhibits fungal growth on denture base
Authors: Lifshits Lucia Adriana , Bronshtein Edward , Attias May , Breuer Yoav , Cohen Adi , Gabay Matan , Sova Marina , Weinberg Evgeny , Zenziper Eran , Bar Daniel Z. , Sterer Nir , Gal Maayan
Published: July 2024

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of recombinant psoriasin as a novel treatment for oral candidiasis by eliminating Candida albicans growth on polymethyl methacrylate denture base.

Materials and Methods

Recombinant psoriasin protein was expressed and purified from E. coli, and Candida growth was monitored in vitro with varying concentrations of psoriasin. Subsequently, denture‐base polymethyl methacrylate was immersed in psoriasin's solution or voriconazole, and fungal growth on the acrylic base and in the medium was examined by scanning electron microscopy and optical density, respectively. Cellular viability of HeLa and human gingival fibroblast cells treated with psoriasin was measured by methylene blue assay.

Results

The findings reveal an effective antifungal activity of psoriasin, completely inhibiting Candida albicans growth in RPMI at a protein concentration above 400 nM. Immersing the polymethyl methacrylate with 50 μM psoriasin completely eradicates fungal growth. Psoriasin has low cytotoxicity in HeLa cells at a concentration higher than 12 μM and no toxic effect on human gingival fibroblasts.

Conclusions

This study marks psoriasin as an effective alternative to conventional antifungal treatments for denture stomatitis and a safe alternative to chemical antifungals in dental medicine and beyond.
Children on the Move in China: Insights from the Census Data 2000–2020
Authors: Cheng Mengyao , Chen Yu , Lyu Lidan , Bai Yu
Published: July 2024

Using data from the 2000, 2010, and 2020 National Population Census of China, this study uncovers evolving trends in the experiences of children in family structures reshaped by China's massive internal migration. We develop a new framework to examine family structures from the census data, which facilitates a detailed exploration of family splits as a result of migration. Our results show a significant surge in the proportion of children in migrant families and the trend of children on the move. While the number of left‐behind children far exceeded that of migrant children in 2000, the picture became the opposite in 2020, signifying an enhanced capacity and inclination for migrant parents to bring their children to migration destinations. This shift has also engendered a more heterogeneous population of children in migrant families. Notably, a subgroup warranting particular attention is that of “left‐behind child migrants,” those moving to proximate towns or cities without both parents. This emergence blurs the traditional urban–rural dichotomies and underscores the intricacies of a family split within the migrant population. Finally, we reflect on the significant role of educational aspirations and obstacles that influence these migratory patterns.