bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of endometrial carcinoma in obese women
Authors: Vukomanovic Predrag , Kutlesic Ranko , Stefanovic Milan , Milosavljevic Mileva , Popovic Jasmina , Petric Aleksandra
Published: February 2011

Introduction. In most developed countries, endometrial cancer appears as most frequent invasive neoplasm of genital tract. Obesity is one of most important risk factors. Aim of study was to establish characteristics endometrial cancer in obese women. Material and methods. The study included 50 surgically treated women with endometrial cancer. According body mass index they were divided into two groups - group A (30 obese women), group B (20 non-obese women). Results and Discussion. Non-obese women with endometrial cancer are statistically significantly older than obese. Menopausal status, parity are not statistically significant. The obese group most frequently includes endometrioid type of tumor, while non-obese group most frequently includes non-endometrioid types of endometrial cancer. Over 50% thick myometrial invasion is statistically more frequent in non-obese group than in obese group. In obese group, less than 50% thick myometrial invasion, is statistically significant in comparison to non-obese group. High-differentiated endometrial cancer(G1) is statistically significantly more present in obese women than non-obese. Low-diferentiated endometrial cancer is statistically more frequent in non-obese women than in obese. Most frequent in both groups is NG2. According to FIGO stage I, disease is statistically significantly more frequent in obese group than in non-obese. In non-obese group, total number of deseased in higher stages (II and III) is statistically significantly higher than in stage I. Conclusion. Endometrial cancer present in obese women is mostly endometroid type I, with slow myometrial invasion, with hystological grade I, nuclear grade II in FIGO stage I of disease. In non-obese women, non-endometrioid cancer - type II is more frequent, with faster myometrial invasion, hystological grade II and III, nuclear grade II, in FIGO stage II of disease.
Microvascular submental island flap prelaminated with oral mucosa in recon­struction of the lateral defect of nose
Authors: Buric Nikola , Krasic Dragan , Pesic Zoran , Jovanovic Goran
Published: February 2011

Introduction. Reconstruction of perinasal area is still a challenge for the surgeon who is involved in excisional tumor surgery. The authors report their experience in reconstruction of hemi-nose defects with the free microvascular submental island flap prelaminated with oral mucosa. Material and methods. A 73-year-old male patient with recurrent extensive basal cell carcinoma of the right hemi-nose (nasal ala and lateral nasal part) and portion of the upper lip underwent to excisional surgery and creation of lateral nasal defect 3x2cm in size. Six months after the first surgery the reconstruction of postoperative defect was done by means of free microvascular submental flap prelaminated with oral mucosa. Results. After necrosis of flap 3mm x 4mm in size around the tip zone of the nose on the 7th postoperative days, the rest of microvascular submental flap prelaminated with oral mucosa survived completely with good cosmetic and nasal respiratory results. Conclusion. This flap can be used successfully in reconstruction of the hemi-nose area. Color and texture of the flap match with adjacent tissue and adequate diameter of submental vessels and reasonably long vascular pedicle enables successful microvascular anastomosis.
Polymetallic mineralization in Triassic strata of the NW part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Monocline
Authors: Pieczonka Jadwiga
Published: February 2011

Polymetallic mineralization in Triassic strata of the NW part of the Kraków-Częstochowa Monocline

A new association of ore minerals has been found in the Lower and Middle Triassic rocks in the vicinity of the village of Woźniki in the NW part of the Upper Silesian district. In addition to the typical Zn-Pb-Fe association in dolomites, copper sulphides have been detected in the sandstones and conglomerates of the Lower Bunter. Copper mineralization occurs in the sandstone matrix and is represented by bornite, chalcopyrite, chalcocite, tetrahedrite and covellite. High admixtures of zinc in Cu sulphides and admixtures of copper in Zn-Pb sulphides suggest a common source for the metal-transporting fluids and a single period of sulphide crystallization.
SMEs innovation and job creation potential in the shadow economy context
Authors: Stawasz Edward , Głodek Paweł
Published: February 2011

The presented paper treats about the ability of creating new jobs by innovative SMEs in Poland in the age of a deep transformation of the Polish economy. The authors try to verify the concept of B. A. Kirchoff about the relationship between innovation and enterprise growth. Some sector and market conditions of functioning of innovative SMEs are also analyzed in the paper. A study among 81 Polish SMEs from Lodz region confirms that there is an independence between enterprise innovation and its ability to create jobs. On one side, among analyzed enterprises about 14% was highly innovative fast growing. On the other side, low innovative and slowly growing made a high percentage. The research pointed an important factor of the ability of job creation - sector and market conditions, management problems (lack of experience, problems with gathering the initial capital) and poor public support. The shadow economy has a positive impact on growth rather than on innovation. However, it does not have a positive influence on expansion, innovation and new jobs creation undertaken simultaneously, which is the most desirable activities of the enterprise.
La coopération aéronautique européenne : à quel prix ? Le dilemme belge
Authors: Deloge Pascal
Published: February 2011

Le 9 septembre 1964, le directeur général de l’Industrie du ministère belge des Affaires économiques doit traiter une proposition française de fusionner les industries aéronautiques belge et française. Le projet était ouvert à d’autres participants dans l’avenir et était supposé être une première étape sur la route d’une industrie aéronautique européenne, 30 ans avant EADS. Il fut ﬁnalement rejeté par le gouvernement belge en dépit de son attitude générale pro-Europe. Cet article se focalise sur la question de la difﬁculté de coordonner les acteurs nationaux qui prennent part à une telle décision et celle de la nécessité impérieuse d’obtenir la cohésion de ces décideurs nationaux dès la phase de la conception d’un projet. Il montre aussi la crainte en Belgique d’une possible hégémonie française au milieu des années 1960.
La question linguistique en Belgique dans une perspective historique
Authors: Witte Els
Published: February 2011

Résumé La Belgique est un excellent laboratoire d’analyse socio-linguistique. À partir du xix e siècle, le français n’est pas seulement la langue parlée en Wallonie, c’est aussi la langue de l’élite belge. Les fondateurs de l’État belge en font la langue dominante dans la vie publique belge et le néerlandais, parlé en Flandre, devient une langue au statut social inférieur. Toute forme d’équivalence des deux langues est rejetée. La stratégie du Mouvement flamand consiste alors dans un premier temps à obtenir des lois destinées à la protection de leur langue en Flandre. Les francophones refusant le bilinguisme pur et simple, le principe selon lequel la territorialité devient l’alternative pour les deux communautés est accepté en 1932. Les néerlandophones veulent donc se retrancher derrière des frontières sûres. Mais dans les communes des zones frontalières où les locuteurs de la langue « de prestige » sont en forte concentration, ceux-ci exigent des droits linguistiques. Dans la capitale, lieu de rencontre des deux communautés mais où les néerlandopnones forment une minorité, la lutte pour une place équivalente se fait également sentir. Jusqu’à ce jour, les stratégies des deux communautés restent divergentes.
Chronique d'une législature maudite. Réflexions sur l'instabilité politique de la Belgique
Authors: Uyttendaele Marc
Published: February 2011

Résumé La question de la stabilité gouvernementale est analysée sous la forme d’une chronique des crises successives qui ont marqué la législature 2007-2010. Pendant six mois, il s’est avéré impossible de constituer un gouvernement en raison des divergences profondes existant entre francophones et Flamands sur la manière de réformer l’État. Au nord du pays, un approfondissement du fédéralisme est vivement souhaité alors qu’au sud la tentation de maintenir un statu quo institutionnel prédomine. Dans la suite de la législature, ce contentieux a encore, à plusieurs reprises, fragilisé le gouvernement au point de provoquer sa chute en avril 2010. L’instabilité politique n’est donc pas inhérente au régime politique belge, mais est la conséquence d’une absence de consensus national sur ce que doit être l’évolution des institutions.
Cien años de vitamin(a)s
Authors: Mato José M.ª
Published: February 2011

No disponible
Decreased Thymic Output Accounts for Decreased Naive T Cell Numbers in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: Bloemers Beatrijs L. P. , Bont Louis , de Weger Roel A. , Otto Sigrid A. , Borghans Jose A. , Tesselaar Kiki
Published: February 2011

Children with Down syndrome (DS) have low numbers of naive T cells and abnormal thymus development and function. Because next to thymic production, peripheral proliferation greatly contributes to naive T cell generation in healthy children, we examined the cause of reduced naive T cell numbers in children with DS. Compared with aged matched controls, the total number of signal joint TCR excision circles (sjTREC) per ml blood was reduced in DS. Reduced frequencies and absolute numbers of protein tyrosine kinase 7-positive recent thymic emigrants, but similar levels of naive T cell apoptosis and Ag-driven activation in DS, suggested that reduced thymic output and not increased peripheral loss of naive T cells caused the reduced sjTREC numbers. We found no support for defective peripheral generation of naive T cells in DS. In DS the naive T cells responded to IL-7 and, based on Ki-67 expression, had similar proliferation rates as in healthy controls. sjTREC content per naive CD8+ T cells was not increased, but even decreased, pointing to increased survival or peripheral generation of naive T cells in DS. In conclusion, we show in this study that reduced thymic output, but not reduced peripheral generation nor increased loss of naive T cells, results in the low naive T cell numbers found in DS.
Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Statistics of Oldest Old People (>80 Years) Living in Ikaria Island: The Ikaria Study
Authors: Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Chrysohoou Christina , Siasos Gerasimos , Zisimos Konstantinos , Skoumas John , Pitsavos Christos , Stefanadis Christodoulos
Published: February 2011

Background. There are places around the world where people live longer and they are active past the age of 100 years, sharing common behavioral characteristics; these places (i.e., Sardinia in Italy, Okinawa in Japan, Loma Linda in California and Nicoya Peninsula in Costa Rica) have been named the “Blue Zones”. Recently it was reported that people in Ikaria Island, Greece, have also one of the highest life expectancies in the world, and joined the “Blue Zones”. The aim of this work work was to evaluate various demographic, lifestyle and psychological characteristics of very old (>80 years) people participated in Ikaria Study.Methods. During 2009, 1420 people (aged 30+) men and women from Ikaria Island, Greece, were voluntarily enrolled in the study. For this work, 89 males and 98 females over the age of 80 yrs were studied (13% of the sample). Socio-demographic, clinical, psychological and lifestyle characteristics were assessed using standard questionnaires and procedures.Results. A large proportion of the Ikaria Study's sample was over the age of 80; moreover, the percent of people over 90 were much higher than the European population average. The majority of the oldest old participants reported daily physical activities, healthy eating habits, avoidance of smoking, frequent socializing, mid-day naps and extremely low rates of depression.Conclusion. Modifiable risk factors, such as physical activity, diet, smoking cessation and mid-day naps, might depict the “secrets” of the long-livers; these findings suggest that the interaction of environmental, behavioral together with clinical characteristics may determine longevity. This concept must be further explored in order to understand how these factors relate and which are the most important in shaping prolonged life.
Tako-Tsubo Cardiomyopathy in a 92-Year Old Woman
Authors: Parahuleva Mariana S. , Grebe Mathias , Neuhof Christiane , Tillmanns Harald , Erdogan Ali
Published: February 2011

Tako-Tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC) is an acute reversible cause of segmental myocardial dysfunction that is poorly understood and cannot be explained by the occlusion of a single coronary vessel. Its clinical presentation is similar to that of acute coronary syndrome and is often precipitated by a severe psychological or physical stress.
Hydroxyl Radical Modification of Immunoglobulin G Generated Cross-Reactive Antibodies: Its Potential Role in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Al-Shobaili Hani A. , Robaee Ahmad A. Al , Alzolibani Abdullateef , Khan Muhammad Ismail , Rasheed Zafar
Published: February 2011

Objective

Role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) modified human Immunoglobulin G (IgG) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has been investigated.

Methods

Human IgG was modified by hydroxyl-radicals. Immunogenicity of native and modified human IgG was probed by inducing polyclonal antibodies in rabbits. Cross-reactions of induced antibodies with nucleic acid, chromatin, different blood proteins and their ROS modified conformers were determined by competitive inhibition ELISA. The binding characteristics of circulating autoantibodies in SLE patients (n = 72) against native and modified IgG were screened by direct binding and competition ELISA and the results were compared with healthy age-matched controls (n = 39).

Results

Induced antibodies against ROS-modified human IgG exhibited diverse antigen binding characteristics. Native DNA, native chromatin and their ROS-modified conformers were found to be effective inhibitors of induced antibody-immunogen interaction. Induced antibodies against native human IgG showed negligible binding to the above mentioned nucleic acid antigens. SLE sera (48.6%) showed strong binding to ROS-human IgG in comparison with its native analogue ( P < 0.01). Normal human sera (NHS) showed negligible binding with either antigen ( P > 0.05).

Conclusion

ROS-induced modifications in human IgG present neo-epitopes, and make it a potential immunogen. The induced antibodies against ROS-modified human IgG resembled the diverse antigen-binding characteristics of naturally occurring SLE anti-DNA autoantibodies. ROS-modified IgG may be one of the factors for the induction of circulating SLE autoantibodies.
The influence of supplementation with haylage, haylage plus soybean meal or haylage plus corn dried distillers’ grains with solubles on the performance of wintering pregnant beef cows fed wheat straw
Authors: Wood K.M. , Mandell I.B. , Swanson K.C.
Published: February 2011

Fourteen pens containing a total of 53 individually fed, multiparous, pregnant, crossbred beef cows were used to investigate feeding of free-choice haylage or supplemention programs for cows fed wheat straw. Dietary treatments for the 112-d feeding period were: free choice haylage (pens = 2, cows = 7; 100% Haylage), haylage offered at 0.7% body weight (BW) plus free choice straw (pens = 3, cows = 11; 0.7% Haylage), haylage offered at 1% of BW plus free choice straw (pens = 3, cows = 12; 1% Haylage), haylage offered at 0.5% BW plus soybean meal and free choice straw (pens = 3, cows = 12; Haylage + SBM), and haylage offered at 0.5% BW plus corn dried distillers’ grains plus solubles and free choice access to straw [pens = 3, cows = 11; Haylage + dried distillers’ grains with solubles (DDGS)]. The non-straw component of Haylage + SBM and Haylage + DDGS was formulated to provide equal amounts of N (relative to BW) to that of 1% Haylage. Total dry matter intake (DMI) was greater (P ≤ 0.01) in cows receiving 100% Haylage vs. other treatments and 1% Haylage, Haylage + SBM, and Haylage + DDGS vs. 0.7% Haylage. Straw DMI was greater (P < 0.001) in cows receiving Haylage + SBM and Haylage + DDGS vs. 1% Haylage. Average daily gain was greater (P ≤ 0.002) in cows receiving 100% Haylage vs. other treatments, 1% Haylage, Haylage + SBM, and Haylage + DDGS vs. 0.7% Haylage, and Haylage + SBM and Haylage + DDGS vs. 1% Haylage. These data indicate that feeding wheat straw supplemented with haylage or haylage plus SBM or DDGS may be an acceptable alternative to free-choice haylage to minimize winter feed costs and that supplementation with Haylage plus SBM or Haylage plus DDGS results in increased straw DMI and ADG when compared to supplementation with haylage alone.
Gut morphology and nutrient retention responses of broiler chicks and White Pekin ducklings to dietary threonine deciency
Authors: Horn N.L. , Radcliffe J.S. , Applegate T.J. , Adeola O.
Published: February 2011

Growth performance, villi length and width, nutrient digestibility, basal short-circuit current, and glutamine transport were investigated in male broilers and White Pekin ducklings offered diets containing 3.3, 5.8, or 8.2 g of threonine (Thr) kg-1 in four studies. Seventy-two birds of each species were fed a standard broiler starter diet from 1 to 14 d of age followed by assignment to three dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design for a 7-d feeding trial in exp. 1 (broilers) and exp. 2 (ducklings). The dietary treatments consisted of an isonitrogenous, corn-soybean-meal-based diet with the addition of crystalline amino acids and graded levels of Thr. Dietary formulation and experimental design for exp. 3 (broilers) and exp. 4 (ducklings) were similar to exps. 1 and 2 except that birds were fed 3.3 or 8.2 g Thr kg-1 for a duration of 14 d. Chromic oxide was added to the dietary treatments as an indigestible marker. Excreta were collected on day 19 to 21 of age for exps. 1 and 2, and from day 26 to 28 of age for exps. 3 and 4. For chicks, there was no effect of dietary treatment on gain for birds fed treatments for 7 d, whereas gain increased (P < 0.001) as dietary Thr increased in birds fed dietary treatments for 14 d. Dry-matter retention increased (P < 0.05) as dietary Thr increased in chicks fed for 7 and 14 d. Threonine increased P retention (P = 0.02), but not Ca or N retention in chicks fed dietary treatments for 14 d. Increasing dietary Thr increased gain (P < 0.05) for ducklings fed dietary treatments for 7 and 14 d. Furthermore, DM retention increased (P < 0.05) as dietary Thr increased for ducklings fed dietary treatments for 7 and 14 d. Nitrogen retention increased (P = 0.04) as dietary Thr increased in ducklings fed dietary treatments for 14 d, but there was no effect of dietary treatment on P or Ca retention. There was no effect of dietary treatment on villi characteristics, basal short-circuit current, or glutamine transport in chicks or ducklings. The data established a link between dietary Thr and nutrient retention in broiler chicks and ducklings, although villi characteristics and permeability measurements were not altered.
Thermo-stable Escherichia coli phytase improves growth performance and nutrient utilization in broilers fed mash and pelleted corn-soybean-meal-based diets
Authors: Woyengo T.A. , Emiola A. , Owusu-Asiedu A. , Guenter W. , Simmins P.H. , Nyachoti C.M.
Published: February 2011

The bio-efficacy of Escherichia coli-derived phytase produced by thermo-protective coating technology (coated phytase) was evaluated in mash or pelleted broiler diets. Three hundred and twenty-four broilers were divided into 54 groups of six birds and fed nine corn-based diets (six replicates per diet) from 1 to 22 d of age. The nine diets were a positive control (PC) (calcium, 0.9% and non-phytate phosphorus, 0.45%) fed as mash plus 2 × 4 factorial of a negative control (calcium, 0.78% and non-phytate phosphorus, 0.26%) fed as mash (NC-M) or pellet (NC-P) and with coated phytase at 0, 500, 600 or 700 FTU kg-1. The diets were pelleted at 80°C, and pressure load of 40 psi. Body weight gain (BWG) for the PC diet was higher (P < 0.001) than that for the NC-M or NC-P diet. The BWG and tibia ash were linearly increased (P < 0.001) by increased level of the phytase in NC-M or NC-P diet. The BWG for NC-M or NC-P diet reached that of the PC diet when phytase was supplemented at 600 or 700 FTU kg-1. In conclusion, the coated phytase improved nutrient utilization in broilers, and its bio-efficacy was unaffected by the pelleting process.
Identification of microsatellite markers linked to quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to Fusarium root rot in field pea
Authors: Feng J. , Hwang R. , Chang K. F. , Conner R. L. , Hwang S. F. , Strelkov S. E. , Gossen B. D. , McLaren D. L. , Xue A. G.
Published: February 2011

Feng, J., Hwang, R., Chang, K. F., Conner, R. L., Hwang, S. F., Strelkov, S. E., Gossen, B. D., McLaren, D. L. and Xue, A. G. 2011. Identification of microsatellite markers linked to quantitative trait loci controlling resistance to Fusarium root rot in field pea. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 199–204. Fusarium root rot, caused by Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. f. sp. pisi (F. R. Jones) W. C. Snyder & H. N. Hans, is the most common root disease of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in western Canada. In this study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population (n=71) of field pea, derived from crosses between a resistant cultivar Carman, and a susceptible cultivar Reward, was evaluated to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling resistance to Fusarium root rot. The parental genotypes and RILs were evaluated for resistance to root rot following inoculation with F. solani in field experiments during 2007 and 2008. The frequency distribution of disease severities among the RILs was continuous. Transgressive segregation for resistance was observed among the RILs, with five lines more resistant than Carman, but no lines were more susceptible than Reward. To identify DNA markers linked with the resistance, 213 microsatellite markers were screened with genomic DNA from the two parental cultivars. Only 14 markers were polymorphic between the two parents and were used to genotype each of the RILs. Quantitative trait loci analysis based on the mean disease severity data from 2007 and 2008 identified a QTL that explained 39.0% of the phenotypic variance in the RIL population. This QTL is flanked by markers AA416 and AB60 on linkage group VII. The microsatellite markers that are closely linked to this QTL may be useful for marker assisted selection to develop cultivars with superior Fusarium root rot resistance.
Effect and breeding potential of qSB-11LE, a sheath blight resistance quantitative trait loci from a susceptible rice cultivar
Authors: Zuo Shimin , Yin Yuejun , Zhang Li , Zhang Yafang , Chen Zongxiang , Gu Shiliang , Zhu Lihuang , Pan Xuebiao
Published: February 2011

Zuo, S., Yin, Y., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Chen, Z., Gu, S., Zhu, L. and Pan, X. 2011. Effect and breeding potential of qSB-11LE, a sheath blight resistance QTL from a susceptible rice cultivar. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 191–198. Sheath blight (SB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most important diseases of rice worldwide. The QTL qSB-11LE, located on chromosome 11 of an SB-susceptible Oryza japonica rice cultivar Lemont, was identified in previous studies. In this study, its effect on SB resistance and its potential in breeding programs were evaluated using a set of near-isogenic lines (NILs) that exhibit three different genotypes at the qSB-11LE locus and seven backcross populations. Results of field disease evaluation under artificial inoculation showed that the inheritance of resistance of qSB-11LE to SB is controlled by additive gene action and that the genes have a dosage effect on SB resistance. In greenhouse evaluations, the resistance effect of qSB-11LE was expressed at 11 and 14 d after inoculation at the tillering stage. Analysis of field resistance of six BC1F1 populations and one BC2F1 population, developed from the backcrosses between Lemont as the donor parent and six commercial O. indica rice cultivars as recurrent parents, indicated that qSB-11LE could be effectively used to enhance these cultivars’ SB resistance. These observations suggest that the qSB-11LE has considerable potential in rice breeding for resistance to SB, and that its flanking molecular markers could be employed in practical breeding programs for marker-assisted selection.
Mersea soybean
Authors: Poysa V. , Woodrow L. , Yu K.
Published: February 2011

Mersea is a high-yielding food grade soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivar with yellow hila and acceptable soymilk and tofu processing quality for foreign and domestic markets. It was developed at the Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Research Centre, Harrow, Ontario. Mersea is adapted to areas with 3050 or more crop heat units and has a relative maturity of 2.2.
Glomalin production and accumulation in soilless pot cultures
Authors: Nichols K.A.
Published: February 2011

This study was designed to determine how glomalin production relates to accumulation in three sequential greenhouse culturing periods using a soilless potting medium. The data indicated that this stable glycoprotein was washed out the pot bottom, and did not accumulate in the hyphal chamber.
Livestock manure improves acid soil productivity under a cold northern Alberta climate
Authors: Benke M.B. , Hao X. , O’Donovan J.T. , Clayton G.W. , Lupwayi N.Z. , Caffyn P. , Hall M.
Published: February 2011

The acid-ameliorating properties of feedlot cattle manure on barley and canola productivity in acid soils were evaluated from 2003 to 2007 at Fort Vermilion and Beaverlodge research stations in northern Alberta, Canada. Treatments included Control, NP fertilizer, Lime + NP fertilizer and manure at 80 (M80) and 160 (M160) Mg ha-1. Manure and lime were applied once in 2003 and NP fertilizer was applied annually. Manure significantly increased soil pH from around 4 to >5 and this increase persisted over the 4-yr period. At Fort Vermilion, M160 reduced soil 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable Al and Mn contents from 2.9 and 11.7 mg kg-1 (Control) to 1.1 and 8.9 mg kg-1 and barley straw Mn content from 313 (Control) to 220 mg kg-1. Soil P (Mehlich 3) and K (0.01 M CaCl2 extractable) contents in M160 were more than two times those in the Control, while values from fertilizer treatments were not different from the Control. Crop grain N, P and K uptakes and yields in M160 were twice those of the Control. In northern Alberta, manure application to acid soils at a rate of 160 Mg ha-1 once every 4 yr had the same effectiveness as Lime + NP fertilizer in increasing soil pH and improving soil fertility and crop productivity at the field scale.
Contribuições ao processo de captação de recursos para unidades de instituições de ensino superior no Brasil
Authors: Riscarolli Valéria , Rodrigues Leonel Cezar , Almeida Martinho Isnard Ribeiro de
Published: February 2011

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar a aplicabilidade de estratégias de captação de recursos em unidades de IES norte-americanas na realidade de suas contrapartes brasileiras, na visão de seus gestores. A pesquisa com abordagem qualitativa foi realizada em três instituições norte-americanas e em três congêneres brasileiras, usando-se o método de estudo de multicasos, em nível exploratório. Foram entrevistados 12 sujeitos sociais, complementados com informações de documentos oficiais. Os principais resultados indicam que a captação nas IES estrangeiras pesquisadas é centralizada, usufrui de contexto cultural e legal favorável, concentrase nos indivíduos, independe de localização geográfica e alinha-se a atributos institucionais de credibilidade, flexibilidade, conveniência e interesse dos doadores, com essencial uso de voluntários. A captação nas IES brasileiras pesquisadas é ainda incipiente, concentra-se em pessoas jurídicas, não constitui item orçamentário, e os voluntários não são utilizados para este fim natureza do processo de doação, a opinião dos gestores acadêmicos brasileiros é de que não há restrições à aplicação das estratégias de IES norte-americanas à realidade das instituições brasileiras pesquisadas. Propõe-se como contribuição, um modelo com arranjo de elementos e suas implicações para o processo de captação.
Improved Function After Combined Physical and Mental Practice After Stroke: A Case of Hemiparesis and Apraxia
Authors: Wu Andy J. , Radel Jeff , Hanna-Pladdy Brenda
Published: February 2011

This study describes change in functional performance and self-perception after participation in combined training with physical practice followed by mental practice. The patient was a 44-yr-old White man who experienced a single left ischemic stroke 7 mo before enrollment in the study. He engaged in physical and mental practice of two functional tasks: (1) reaching for and grasping a cup and (2) turning pages in a book with the more-affected arm. Practice took place 3 times per week during 60-min sessions for 6 consecutive wk. Primary outcome measures were the Arm Motor Ability Test (AMAT) and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). An abbreviated version of the Florida Apraxia Battery gesture-to-verbal command test approximated severity of ideomotor apraxia. After intervention, the patient demonstrated increased functional performance (AMAT) and self-perception of performance (COPM) despite persistent ideomotor apraxia. The results of this single-case report indicate functional benefit from traditional rehabilitation techniques despite comorbid, persisting ideomotor apraxia.
Size-resolved aerosol emission factors and new particle formation/growth activity occurring in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 Campaign
Authors: Kalafut-Pettibone A. J. , Wang J. , Eichinger W. E. , Clarke A. , Vay S. A. , Blake D. R. , Stanier C. O.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. Measurements of the aerosol size distribution from 11 nm to 2.5 microns were made in Mexico City in March, 2006, during the MILAGRO field campaign. Observations at the T0 research site could often be characterized by morning conditions with high particle mass concentrations, low mixing heights, and highly correlated particle number and CO2 concentrations, indicative that particle number is controlled by primary emissions. Average size-resolved and total number- and volume-based emission factors for combustion sources impacting T0 have been determined using a comparison of peak sizes in number and CO2 concentration peaks. The number emission and volume emission factors for particles from 11 nm to 494 nm are 1.23 × 1015 particles, and 7.54 × 1011 cubic microns per kg of carbon, respectively. Uncertainty on the number emission factor is approximately a factor of 1.5. The mode of the number emission factor was between 25 and 32 nm, while the mode of the volume factor was between 0.25 and 0.32 microns. These emission factors are reported as log normal model parameters and are compared with multiple emission factors from the literature. In Mexico City in the afternoon, the CO2 concentration drops during ventilation of the polluted layer, and the coupling between CO2 and particle number breaks down, especially during new particle formation events when particle number is no longer controlled by primary emissions. Using measurements of particle number and CO2 taken aboard the NASA DC-8, this emission factor was applied to the MCMA plume; the primary emission factor predicts less than 50% of the total particle number and the surplus particle count is not correlated with photochemical age. Primary particle volume and number in the size range 0.1–2 μm are similarly too low to predict the observed volume distribution. Contrary to the case for number, the apparent secondary volume increases with photochemical age. The size distribution of the apparent increase, with a mode at ~250 nm, is reported.
A new insight into the vertical neutral-ion coupling between the mesopause and equatorial ionosphere F-region
Authors: Sumod S. G. , Pant T. K. , Vineeth C. , Hossain M. M.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. This letter reports unique observations, illustrating the vertical coupling between the daytime mesopause and F-region of the ionosphere over the magnetic dip equatorial station Trivandrum (8.5° N, 76.5° E, 0.5° N dip lat.) in India. For the "first time", it has been shown that the temporal variations in the mean daytime mesopause temperatures (MPT), during geomagnetically quiet days corroborate well with that of the base height changes (h'F) of the ionospheric F-region. However, there exist some characteristic time delays between these two, which vary from 0 to 90 min. The MPTs are measured using the unique Multi-Wavelength Dayglow Photometer while the h'Fs are derived using a co-located digital Ionosonde. The observed time delays are attributed to the intercompeting roles between the diffusion and wave-dynamical processes in modulating the transport of atomic oxygen at these altitudes.
Comparison of direct and geodetic mass balances on a multi-annual time scale
Authors: Fischer A.
Published: February 2011

Abstract. The geodetic mass balances of six Austrian glaciers over 19 periods between 1953 and 2006 are compared to the direct mass balances over the same periods. For two glaciers, Hintereisferner and Kesselwandferner, case studies showing possible reasons for discrepancies between the geodetic and the direct mass balance are presented. The mean annual geodetic mass balance for all periods is −0.5 m w.e. a−1, the mean annual direct mass balance −0.4 m w.e. a−1. The mean cumulative difference is −0.6 m w.e., the minimum −7.3 m w.e., and the maximum 5.6 m w.e. The accuracy of geodetic mass balance may depend on the accuracy of the DEMs, which ranges from 2 m w.e. for photogrammetric data to 0.02 m w.e. for airborne laser scanning (LiDAR) data. Basal melt, seasonal snow cover, and density changes of the surface layer also contribute up to 0.7 m w.e. to the difference between the two methods over the investigated period of 10 yr. On Hintereisferner, the fraction of area covered by snow or firn has been changing within 1953–2006. The accumulation area is not identical with the firn area, and both are not coincident with areas of volume gain. Longer periods between the acquisition of the DEMs do not necessarily result in a higher accuracy of the geodetic mass balance. Trends in the difference between the direct and the geodetic data vary from glacier to glacier and can differ systematically for specific glaciers under specific types of climate forcing. Ultimately, geodetic and direct mass balance data are complementary, and great care must be taken when attempting to combine them.
Site‐Specific DNA‐Programmed Growth of Fluorescent and Functional Silver Nanoclusters
Authors: Huang Zhenzhen , Pu Fang , Hu Dan , Wang Chunyan , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: February 2011

Precise organization of metallic nanoclusters on DNA scaffolds holds great interest for nanopatterned materials that may find uses in electronics, sensors, medicine, and many other fields. Herein, we report the site‐specific growth of fluorescent silver nanoclusters by using a mismatched double‐stranded DNA template. Few‐atom, molecular‐scale Ag clusters are found to localize at the mismatched site and the metallized DNA retains its integrity. The DNA‐encapsulated nanoclusters can be utilized as functional biological probes to identify single‐ nucleotide polymorphisms by taking advantage of the very bright fluorescence and excellent photostability of the nanoclusters. This approach offers the possibility of constructing novel DNA‐based nanomaterials and nanomechanical devices with more sophisticated functions and will be highly beneficial in future biochemical, pharmaceutical, nanomechanical, and electronic applications.
Facile Synthesis of PbSe Hollow Nanostructure Assemblies via a Solid/Liquid‐Phase Chemical Route and Their Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Properties
Authors: Han Min , Li Yanrong , Niu Hongyan , Liu Lili , Chen Kunji , Bao Jianchun , Dai Zhihui , Zhu Jianming
Published: February 2011

Spherical PbSe hollow nanostructure assemblies (HNSAs) were synthesized by a simple one‐pot solid/liquid‐phase reaction in which solid KPbI3⋅2 H2O and SeO2 are heated in oleic acid/dodecylamine/1‐octadecene at 250 °C for 30 min. XRD analysis shows that the obtained product is cubic‐phase PbSe and well crystallized. FESEM and TEM images reveal that the obtained spherical PbSe assemblies are made up of small, irregular, and fused hollow nanostructure building blocks. On the basis of temperature‐ and time‐dependent investigations as well as control experiments, molten‐salt corrosion of solid PbSe nanocrystal aggregates formed in situ during the high‐temperature ripening stage is suggested to explain the formation of such novel assemblies. Moreover, when the reaction temperature is further increased to 280 or 320 °C with other conditions unchanged, cubic and orthorhombic mixed‐phase PbSe HNSAs is generated. The obtained PbSe HNSAs exhibit excellent electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) performance. Two strong and stable emission peaks at about −1.4 and +1.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) are observed. In particular, the ECL intensity is influenced by the crystal phase of PbSe.
Characterising Lone‐Pair Activity of Lead(II) by 207Pb Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy: Coordination Polymers of [N(CN)2]− and [Au(CN)2]− with Terpyridine Ancillary Ligands
Authors: Greer Brandon J. , Michaelis Vladimir K. , Katz Michael J. , Leznoff Daniel B. , Schreckenbach Georg , Kroeker Scott
Published: February 2011

A series of lead(II) coordination polymers containing [N(CN)2]− (DCA) or [Au(CN)2]− bridging ligands and substituted terpyridine (terpy) ancillary ligands ([Pb(DCA)2] (1), [Pb(terpy)(DCA)2] (2), [Pb(terpy){Au(CN)2}2] (3), [Pb(4′‐chloro‐terpy){Au(CN)2}2] (4) and [Pb(4′‐bromo‐terpy)(μ‐OH2)0.5{Au(CN)2}2] (5)) was spectroscopically examined by solid‐state 207Pb MAS NMR spectroscopy in order to characterise the structural and electronic changes associated with lead(II) lone‐pair activity. Two new compounds, 2 and [Pb(4′‐hydroxy‐terpy){Au(CN)2}2] (6), were prepared and structurally characterised. The series displays contrasting coordination environments, bridging ligands with differing basicities and structural and electronic effects that occur with various substitutions on the terpyridine ligand (for the [Au(CN)2]− polymers). 207Pb NMR spectra show an increase in both isotropic chemical shift and span (Ω) with increasing ligand basicity (from δiso=−3090 ppm and Ω=389 ppm for 1 (the least basic) to δiso=−1553 ppm and Ω=2238 ppm for 3 (the most basic)). The trends observed in 207Pb NMR data correlate with the coordination sphere anisotropy through comparison and quantification of the PbN bond lengths about the lead centre. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the more basic ligands result in greater p‐orbital character and show a strong correlation to the 207Pb NMR chemical shift parameters. Preliminary trends suggest that 207Pb NMR chemical shift anisotropy relates to the measured birefringence, given the established correlations with structure and lone‐pair activity.
Driving Rotational Transitions in Molecules on a Chip
Authors: Santambrogio Gabriele , Meek Samuel A. , Abel Mark J. , Duffy Liam M. , Meijer Gerard
Published: February 2011

Polar molecules in selected quantum states can be guided, decelerated, and trapped using electric fields created by microstructured electrodes on a chip. Herein we explore how transitions between two of these quantum states can be induced while the molecules are on the chip. We use CO (a3Π1, v=0) molecules, prepared in the J=1 rotational level, and induce the J=2←J=1 rotational transition with narrow‐band sub‐THz (mm‐wave) radiation. First, the mm‐wave source is characterized using CO molecules in a freely propagating molecular beam, and both Rabi cycling and rapid adiabatic passage are examined. Then we demonstrate that the mm‐wave radiation can be coupled to CO molecules that are less than 50 μm above the chip. Finally, CO molecules are guided in the J=1 level to the center of the chip where they are pumped to the J=2 level, recaptured, and guided off the chip.
Synthesis and Structure of Four‐Coordinate Copper(II) Complexes Stabilized by β‐Ketiminato Ligands and Application in the Reverse Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization of Styrene
Authors: Gulli Stefano , Daran Jean‐Claude , Poli Rinaldo
Published: February 2011

The reaction of CuCl2 with R2NCH2CH2NHC(Me)=CHCO(Me) [R = Me (HL1) or Et (HL2)] in the presence of Et3N leads to the formation of complexes [CuCl(Ln)] [n = 1 (1), 2 (2)]. Whereas the solid‐state structure of compound 2 is mononuclear with a close to square‐planar arrangement of the ClON2 donor set, compound 1 adopts a dinuclear di‐μ‐chlorido arrangement in which two mononuclear units having essentially the same arrangement as in 2 establish loose axial Cu···Cl interactions, each one of them with the Cl atom of the other one. Compounds 1 and 2 have been tested as reversible trapping agents for the controlled radical polymerization of styrene under a reverse atom‐transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) approach. Reversible Cl atom transfer leading to a controlled polymerization process is observed, although the controllability is negatively affected by slow radical trapping. A moderate effect on the polymerization rate, once all the radical initiator is consumed, was observed in the presence of an excess amount of pyridine (10 equiv. per Cu) and interpreted on the basis of the stabilization of the CuI system.
A Polymorphic Platinum(II) Complex: Yellow, Red, and Green Polymorphs and X‐ray Crystallography of [Pt(fdpb)Cl] [Hfdpb = 1,3‐Bis(5‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐pyridyl)benzene]
Authors: Nishiuchi Yuta , Takayama Asuka , Suzuki Takayoshi , Shinozaki Kazuteru
Published: February 2011

We investigated polymorphism in [Pt(fdpb)Cl] [Hfdpb = 1,3‐bis(5‐trifluoromethyl‐2‐pyridyl)benzene]. The following polymorphs of the complex were crystallized: yellow [Form Y; orthorhombic, Pca21, a = 23.4336(14) Å, b = 4.6377(2) Å, c = 15.7845(9) Å, Z = 4], red [Form R; monoclinic, C2/c, a = 21.3619(12) Å, b = 13.5629(7) Å, c = 13.6974(6) Å, β = 122.301(2)°, Z = 8], and dark green [Form G; monoclinic,P21/a, a = 6.7953(4) Å, b = 18.2519(12) Å, c = 13.5199(8) Å, β = 96.039(2)°, Z = 4]. The yellow color of Form Y was due to the influence of stacking on the π,π* absorption of the Pt molecule; the red color of Form R originated from a MMLCT absorption due to Pt–Pt interactions in a closely stacked dimer; and the dark green of Form G was attributed to the absorption of a linear array of PtII complexes. The polymorphs emitted luminescence at around 550 (Form Y), 670 (Form R), and 750 nm (Form G). Mechanical grinding of the crystals changed the polymorphs from the crystalline to the amorphous phase; the emission spectra of ground samples of Forms Y and R, observed at 750 nm, were identical. When the amorphous solid was heated to around 500 K, the emission spectrum was blueshifted to 670 nm due to a phase transition from amorphous to crystalline. Heating also caused a crystal–crystal transformation; phase transitions from Form G to Form R and Form R to Form Y proceeded at 430–470 and 540–560 K, respectively.
Genetic type, distribution patterns and controlling factors of beach and bars in the second member of the Shahejie formation in the Dawangbei Sag, Bohai Bay, China
Authors: Hongwen Deng , Yi Xiao , Lixiang Ma , Zhenglong Jiang
Published: February 2011

As an important reservoir type in the Bohai Bay Basin, China, lacustrine beach and bar sands which refer to the shallow water complex deposited mainly by nearshore, delta‐rim and buried hill‐related beaches as well as longshore bars were developed in a particular stage in the evolution of those faulted Cenozoic continental depressions. In the Chezhen Depression, for example, the Second Member of the Oligocene Shehejie Formation (abbr. as Es2 hereafter) formed during the rifting‐to‐thermal subsidence transitional stage. Although well developed in Es2, beach and bar sands are difficult to recognize owing to their relative thinness. The paper summarizes sedimentary characteristics of lacustrine beach and bar sands on cores and logs. Low‐angle cross‐stratification, swash stratification, as well as occasional small‐scale hummocky cross‐stratification resulted from storms can be observed in beach and bar sands. The paper distinguishes bars and beaches from each other in Es2 mainly based on the grain‐size, bed thickness, facies succession and log responses.

In order to predict the distribution of beach and bars, a chrono‐stratigraphic correlation framework of Es2 in the study strata is established using a high‐resolution sequence stratigraphic approach. Es2 strata are sub‐divided into six medium‐scale cycles and the mapping of the high‐frequency cycles allows the geographic and stratigraphic distribution of both beach and bar sands to be predicted. The study shows that beach and bars are better developed in times of base‐level fall than in base‐level rise. Factors such as lake‐level fluctuation, sediment supply, palaeogeomorphology and palaeowind direction have exerted control on the formation and distribution of beach and bar sands. Finally, the genetic pattern of beach and bar sands in the Es2 unit has been constructed, which provides a foundation for the prediction of beach and bars reservoir in continental basins in general. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology and Rheology of Polypropylene/Polystyrene/Clay Nanocomposites in Batch and Continuous Melt Mixing Processes
Authors: Cho Seahan , Hong Joung Sook , Lee Seung Jong , Ahn Kyung Hyun , Covas José António , Maia João Manuel
Published: February 2011

The addition of organically modified layered silicates (organoclay) to highly immiscible polypropylene/polystyrene, PP/PS, blends leads to a significant change in blend morphology and rheology. In this study, the kinetics for morphological development of the blend nanocomposites was studied by two mixing methods (internal batch mixing and continuous mixing), with a focus on the mechanism of dispersion of the silicate layers and its dependence on mixing conditions. Through the use of a twin‐screw co‐rotating extruder specially modified with sampling ports along its length it was possible to study, for the first time, the kinetics of morphology developed upon mixing. The results show that the evolution of silicate layer dispersion during morphology occurs by and large relatively early in the mixing process and that the most favorable breaking process of the dispersed phase occurs initially due to the breaking up of the initial silicate tactoids into thinner ones and also due to their presence inside it. As a consequence of these sequential processes, the organoclay layers end up at the interface between the PP and the polystyrene phases and stabilize the morphology.

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Ion Flux Characteristics in Pulsed Dual Magnetron Discharges Used for Deposition of Photoactive TiO2 Films
Authors: Šícha Jan , Novák Ondřej , Vlček Jaroslav , Kudláček Pavel
Published: February 2011

Pulsed dc dual magnetron sputtering was used for preparation of photocatalytic crystalline TiO2 films. The depositions were performed in an Ar + O2 gas mixture at a total pressure of 0.9 Pa with an oxygen partial pressure of 0.2 Pa. The maximum substrate surface temperature was 160 °C. Both magnetrons operated in the same asymmetric bipolar mode at the repetition frequency of 100 kHz with a fixed 50% duty cycle, but their operations were shifted by a half of the period. Time‐averaged energy‐resolved mass spectroscopy was performed at a substrate position located 100 mm from the targets. A suppression of high‐energy ions in the flux onto the substrate resulted in a strong predominance of the highly photoactive crystalline anatase phase in the TiO2 films.

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