bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Iron(III) Perchlorate Adsorbed on Silica Gel: A Reagent for Organic Functional Group Transformations.
Authors: Parmar Anupama , Kumar Harish
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/Benzoquinone‐Catalyzed Electrochemical Oxidation of Alcohols under Anaerobic Conditions.
Authors: Amatore Christian , Cammoun Chama , Jutand Anny
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: In Search of New Approaches to Asymmetric Conjugate Addition: Screening Studies on the Use of [Zn(bpy*)X(R)] Reagents and α,β‐Unsaturated Amide Michael Acceptors.
Authors: Blake Alexander J. , Giunta Daniela , Shannon Jonathan , Solinas Maurizio , Walzer Francesca , Woodward Simon
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Perfluoroalkylation of α‐Methylstyrene Using Titanium Oxide as a Photocatalyst.
Authors: Iizuka Mari , Fukushima Shoju , Yoshida Masato
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Aromatic Ketones Catalyzed by Achiral Monophosphine TPPTS‐Stabilized Ru in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Wang Jinbo , Feng Jian , Qin Ruixiang , Fu Haiyan , Yuan Maolin , Chen Hua , Li Xianjun
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Addition of Diethyl Acetamidomalonate to Terminal Alkynes: An Efficient Approach to β‐Branched α‐Amino Acids.
Authors: Angell Paul , Blazecka Peter G. , Lovdahl Mark , Zhang Ji
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Atom‐Efficient Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Triarylbismuths with Aryl Iodides and Aryl Triflates.
Authors: Rao Maddali L. N. , Banerjee Debasis , Jadhav Deepak N.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of Indene Skeletons under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Kuninobu Yoichiro , Ueda Hirokazu , Kawata Atsushi , Takai Kazuhiko
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Reactions, and Antiarrhythmic Activity of Substituted Heterocyclic Systems Using 5‐Chloroanisic Acid as Starting Material.
Authors: Shalaby Ahmed F. A. , Abdulla Mohamed M. , Amr Abd El Galil E. , Hussain Azza A.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of meso‐Aryl‐Substituted Porphyrins: Simple and High‐Yielding Modification of the Adler Procedure
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Sharma Amit , Behal Sonia , Kaur Paramjit
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth(III) Nitrate Pentahydrate — An Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Deodhar Deepak K. , Bhat Ramakrishna P. , Samant Shriniwas D.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐(Arylthio)indoles and Related Compounds by Reactions of Metalated Aromatics of Heterocycles with Protected 3,3′‐Dithiobisindoles.
Authors: Shirani Hamid , Janosik Tomasz
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Nitroenamines: Synthesis of Pyrrolizine Derivatives.
Authors: Pilipecz Mihaly V. , Mucsi Zoltan , Nemes Peter , Scheiber Pal
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Cyclizations of 2‐(5‐Amino‐4‐carbamoyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)acetic Acids with Formyl and Acetyl Electrophiles.
Authors: Smyth Lynette A. , Matthews Thomas P. , Horton Peter N. , Hursthouse Michael B. , Collins Ian
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Study of Novel Benzothiazole Derivatives with Potential Nonlinear Optical Properties.
Authors: Sigmundova Ivica , Zahradnik Pavol , Loos Dusan
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Nicotinamide and Isonicotinamide Derivatives via Multicomponent Reaction of Alkyl Isocyanides and Acetylenic Compounds in the Presence of Nicotinic or Isonicotinic Acid.
Authors: Alizadeh Abdolali , Oskueyan Qasem , Rostamnia Sadegh
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Recyclable Palladium‐Catalyzed Modified Friedlaender Quinoline Synthesis.
Authors: Cho Chan Sik , Ren Wen Xiu
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel and Convenient Synthesis of Substituted Quinolines by Copper‐ or Palladium‐Catalyzed Cyclodehydration of 1‐(2‐Aminoaryl)‐2‐yn‐1‐ols.
Authors: Gabriele Bartolo , Mancuso Raffaella , Salerno Giuseppe , Ruffolo Giuseppe , Plastina Pierluigi
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of a New Class of Spiroheterocycles: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Dihydropyrrolo[2,1‐a]isoquinolines.
Authors: Yavari Issa , Mokhtarporyani‐Sanandaj Ako , Moradi Loghman
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Amidation of 2,6‐Dihalogenopurines: Application to the Synthesis of New 2,6,9‐Trisubstituted Purines.
Authors: Piguel Sandrine , Legraverend Michel
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile and Convenient Synthesis of N‐Acetyl‐2‐aryl‐1,2‐dihydro‐(4H)‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones from the Reaction of Anthranilic Acid Derivatives with Aryl Aldehydes.
Authors: Nikpour Farzad , Sheikh Davood , Saraji Mohammad
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 2‐Amino‐4H‐5,6‐dihydro‐1,3‐selenazin‐4‐ones by Reaction of N,N‐Unsubstituted Selenoureas with α,β‐Unsaturated Acid Chlorides.
Authors: Kanoh Koichi , Ishihara Hideharu , Koketsu Mamoru
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Spectral Properties of New Hetarylazo Indole Dyes.
Authors: Seferoglu Z. , Ertan N.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Aplysiols A and B, Squalene‐Derived Polyethers from the Mantle of the Sea Hare Aplysia dactylomela.
Authors: Manzo Emiliano , Gavagnin Margherita , Bifulco Giuseppe , Cimino Paola , Di Micco Simone , Ciavatta M. Letizia , Guo Yue Wei , Cimino Guido
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Alkyl and Arylapomorphines.
Authors: Sipos Attila , Debreceni Szilvia , Szabo Renata , Gyulai Zsuzsanna , Berenyi Sandor
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five New neo‐Clerodane Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Scutellaria barbata with Cytotoxic Activities.
Authors: Dai Sheng‐Jun , Wang Gong‐Fu , Chen Meng , Liu Ke , Shen Li
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Spirodionic Acid, a Novel Metabolite from Streptomyces sp. Part 1. Structure Elucidation and Diels—Alder‐Type Biosynthesis.
Authors: Textor Adriana , Papastavrou Ina , Siewert Juergen , Magull Joerg , Kulik Andreas , Fiedler Hans‐Peter , von Zezschwitz Paultheo , Grond Stephanie
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Amination of Naphthazarin, Juglone, and Some Derivatives.
Authors: Arnone Alberto , Merlini Lucio , Nasini Gianluca , de Pava Orso Vajna
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Total Synthesis of the (‐)‐Heliconol A.
Authors: Quan Weiguo , Yu Binxun , Zhang Jiyong , Liang Qiren , She Xuegong , Pan Xinfu
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Magnetic Properties of Antiferromagnetic Nanoparticles: NiO and α‐Fe2O3
Authors: Bahl Christian Robert Haffenden
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Atomic Layer Deposition for CMOS Scaling: High‐k Gate Dielectrics on Si, Ge, and III—V Semiconductors
Authors: Frank Martin M.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Chemistry of 2‐(2‐Oxoalkylidene)tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Bellur Esen , Feist Holger , Langer Peter
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Chalcogen Compounds
Authors: Nakanishi Waro
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thioamides, Thioureas and Related Selenium and Tellurium Compounds
Authors: Koketsu Mamoru , Ishihara Hideharu
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in the Chemistry of Thio‐, Seleno‐ and Telluro‐ethers
Authors: Levason William , Reid Gillian
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Quaternary Azaaromatics and Related Species
Authors: Deska Malgorzata
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Physicochemical Properties and Applications of Quaternary Azaaromatics
Authors: Sliwa Wanda , Dondela Barbara , Chrzastek Lidia
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural Product Based, Chemically and Functionally Diverse Libraries
Authors: Eckard Peter , Abel Ulrich , Rasser Hans‐Falk , Simon Werner , Sontag Bernd , Hansske Friedrich G.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Accessing Expanded Molecular Diversity Through Engineered Biosynthesis of Natural Products
Authors: Dong Steven D. , Myles David C.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Natural Products (2005)
Authors: D'Auria Maria Valeria , Sepe Valentina , Gala Fulvio , Zampella Angela
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rifalazil and Other Benzoxazinorifamycins in the Treatment of Chlamydia‐Based Persistent Infections
Authors: Rothstein David M. , van Duzer John , Sternlicht Andrew , Gilman Steven C.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Communication in Tetrathiafulvalene (TTF)/C60 Systems: Toward Molecular Solar Energy Conversion Materials?
Authors: Martin Nazario , Sanchez Luis , Herranz Maria Angeles , Illescas Beatriz , Guldi Dirk M.
Published: December 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Neurocognitive function in patients with small cell lung cancer
Authors: Grosshans David R. , Meyers Christina A. , Allen Pamela K. , Davenport Samuel D. , Komaki Ritsuko
Published: December 2007

BACKGROUND.

The use of prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has been tempered by fears of detrimental effects on cognitive function. Neuropsychologic testing was prospectively conducted before and after PCI to evaluate its effects on cognitive function in patients with SCLC.

METHODS.

Ninety‐six patients who completely or partially responded to initial therapy underwent formal neurocognitive testing before PCI. Three patients who had central nervous system metastasis were excluded. Of the remaining patients, 69 received PCI (mean dose, 25 grays [Gy] in 10 fractions). Repeat testing was performed on 37 patients (median follow‐up, 23 months; range, 6–120 months).

RESULTS.

Baseline impairment was defined as ≥1.5 standard deviations below the normative mean. Before undergoing PCI, 47% of patients had evidence of impaired cognitive function. After PCI, univariate analysis revealed significant transient declines in executive function (pre‐PCI mean, 15.6 ± 11.5; post‐PCI, 27.1 ± 17.6 [P = .008]) and language (pre‐PCI mean, 33.8 ± 9.9; post‐PCI, 31.0 ± 9.0 [P = .049]) at early timepoints. Controlling for noncentral nervous system disease progression the deficit in executive function was no longer significant. Moreover, these deficits were not sustained, and significant improvements in language and motor coordination were recorded. On multivariate analysis, no significant differences before and after PCI were found.

CONCLUSIONS.

Neurocognitive testing demonstrated that a substantial portion of patients with SCLC had impaired brain functioning at baseline. Persistent declines in cognitive function were not observed after cranial irradiation. These data do not favor the omission of PCI on the basis of fears of neurotoxic effects. Cancer 2008. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Isotope and Surface Temperature Effects for Hydrogen Recombination on a Graphite Surface
Authors: Rutigliano M. , Cacciatore M.
Published: December 2007

We highlight the isotope and surface temperature effects for hydrogen atom recombination on a graphite surface. The reaction dynamics is studied using the semiclassical collisional method, according to which the mass and temperature effects are due to the coupling between the H/D dynamics and the dynamics of the phonon excitation/de‐excitation mechanism of the substrate. All possible collisional schemes with H/D adsorbed on the surface and H/D impinging from the gas phase are considered. In particular, we focus on the recombination reaction between an H atom colliding with a D atom adsorbed on the surface and a D atom incident on an H adatom. For H2 and D2 formation, the surface temperature effect is investigated by comparing the results obtained for TS=800 K with those obtained at TS=500 K and TS=100 K. Despite the low masses involved in the dynamics, effective isotope and temperature effects were observed on the recombination probabilities, reaction energetics, and roto‐vibrational states of formed molecules. The results show the need for correct treatment of the multiphonon excitation mechanism in molecule–surface interactions.
Emilin genes are duplicated and dynamically expressed during zebrafish embryonic development
Authors: Milanetto Martina , Tiso Natascia , Braghetta Paola , Volpin Dino , Argenton Francesco , Bonaldo Paolo
Published: December 2007

Emilins are a family of extracellular matrix proteins with common structural organization and containing a characteristic N‐terminal cysteine‐rich domain. The prototype of this family, Emilin‐1, is found in human and murine organs in association with elastic fibers, and other emilins were recently isolated in mammals. To gain insight into these proteins in lower vertebrates, we investigated the expression of emilins in the fish Danio rerio. Using sequence similarity tools, we identified eight members of this family in zebrafish. Each emilin gene has two paralogs in zebrafish, showing conserved structure with the human ortholog. In situ hybridization revealed that expression of zebrafish emilin genes is regulated in a spatiotemporal manner during embryonic development, with overlapping and site‐specific patterns mostly including mesenchymal structures. Expression of certain emilin genes in peculiar areas, such as the central nervous system or the posterior notochord, suggests that they may play a role in key morphogenetic processes. Developmental Dynamics 237:222–232, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sexual dimorphic expression of DMRT1 and Sox9a during gonadal differentiation and hormone‐induced sex reversal in the teleost fish Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Kobayashi Tohru , Kajiura‐Kobayashi Hiroko , Guan Guijun , Nagahama Yoshitaka
Published: December 2007

We examined the expression profiles of tDMRT1 and Sox9a during gonadal sex differentiation and hormone‐induced sex reversal. tDMRT1 was detected in the gonial germ‐cell–surrounding cells in XY fry specifically before the appearance of any signs of morphological sex differentiation, that is, sex differences in germ cell number and histogenesis, such as differentiation into intratesticular efferent duct or ovarian cavity. The signals became localized in the Sertoli and epithelial cells comprising the efferent duct during gonadal differentiation. After the induction of XY sex reversal with estrogen, tDMRT1 decreased and then disappeared completely. In contrast, tDMRT1 was expressed in the germ‐cell–surrounding cells in XX sex reversal with androgen. On the other hand, Sox9a did not show sexual dimorphism before the appearance of sex differences in histogenesis and was not expressed in the efferent duct in the testis. These results suggest that tDMRT1 is a superior testicular differentiation marker in tilapia. Developmental Dynamics 237:297–306, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polysialyltransferase expression is linked to neuronal migration in the developing and adult zebrafish
Authors: Rieger Sandra , Volkmann Katrin , Köster Reinhard W.
Published: December 2007

Modulation of cell–cell adhesion is crucial for regulating neuronal migration and maintenance of structural plasticity in the embryonic and mature brain. Such modulation can be obtained by the enzymatic attachment of polysialic acid (PSA) to the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) by means of the polysialyltransferases STX and PST. Thus, differential expression of STX and PST is likely to be responsible for varying functions of PSA‐NCAM during neuronal differentiation, maintenance, plasticity, and regeneration. We have isolated the zebrafish homologues of STX (St8sia2) and PST (St8sia4) and demonstrate that their expression in the embryonic and adult nervous system is often confined to regions of neuronal migration. Moreover, in the adult cerebellum, the complementary expression pattern of both polysialyltransferases suggests a function in regulating cerebellar neuronal plasticity. Enzymatic removal of PSA in the embryonic cerebellum results in impaired neuronal migration, suggesting that PSA‐NCAM is a key regulator of motility for cerebellar neuronal progenitors. Developmental Dynamics 237:276–285, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Legibility evaluation using point‐of‐regard measurement
Authors: Saito Daisuke , Saito Keiichi , Saito Masao
Published: December 2007

Web site visibility has become important because of the rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web, and combinations of foreground and background colors are crucial in providing high visibility. In our previous studies, the visibilities of several web‐safe color combinations were examined using a psychological method. In those studies, simple stimuli were used because of experimental restriction. In this paper, legibility of sentences on web sites was examined using a psychophysiological method, point‐of‐regard measurement, to obtain other practical data. Ten people with normal color sensations ranging from ages 21 to 29 were recruited. The number of characters per line in each page was arranged in the same number, and the four representative achromatic web‐safe colors, that is, #000000, #666666, #999999, and #CCCCCC, were examined. The reading time per character and the gaze time per line were obtained from point‐of‐regard measurement, and the normalized with the reading time and the gaze time of the three colors were calculated and compared. It was found that the time of reading and gaze become long at the same ratio when the contrast decreases by point‐of‐regard measurement. Therefore, it was indicated that the legibility of color combinations could be estimated by point‐of‐regard measurement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(4): 35–42, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20612
Observation of ULF geomagnetic variations and detection of ULF emissions associated with earthquakes: Review
Authors: Hayakawa Masashi , Hattori Katsumi , Ohta Kenji
Published: December 2007

Earthquake‐related electromagnetic phenomena have recently been considered a promising candidate for short‐term earthquake prediction. There has accumulated a lot of evidence of precursory signatures in a wide frequency range (DC to VHF), but the ULF geomagnetic change is one of the most promising phenomena. We review our results on seismogenic ULF emissions; and characteristics of those emissions and methodologies to detect abnormal changes in ULF electromagnetic field associated with earthquakes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 162(4): 1–8, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20637
The four‐capital method of sustainable development evaluation
Authors: Ekins Paul , Dresner Simon , Dahlström Kristina
Published: December 2007

This paper is part of the special issue of European Environment devoted to the outputs of the EU SRDTOOLS project,1 which developed and applied a new model of regional sustainable development evaluation. The paper introduces the concept and framework of the four‐capital model, which was used in the project. First it discusses some issues around sustainable development evaluation, before introducing the theory of the four‐capital model. It then describes how indicators can be used to evaluate programmes such as those financed by the EU Structural Funds against criteria for sustainable regional development in terms of the four capitals. An ‘ideal’ indicator set is listed in the appendix. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of 2‐Phenylthio‐Substituted Carbohydrate Acetals and Related Systems: Episulfonium Ions vs. Oxocarbenium Ions as Reactive Intermediates
Authors: Beaver Matthew G. , Billings Susan B. , Woerpel K. A.
Published: December 2007

A powerful approach for controlling the stereochemistry of glycosylation reactions involves using a directing group at an adjacent carbon to influence the stereochemistry of nucleophilic attack. The use of substituents such as I, PhS, and PhSe has proven to be especially valuable because it enables the preparation of 2‐deoxysugars after reductive removal of the directing group. The mechanisms of these reactions are generally considered to involve nucleophilic opening of bridged onium ions and to proceed with inversion. Onium ions, however, equilibrate with open cations, and these open forms can be favored when the cation is highly stabilized. Although the selectivities of reactions of carbohydrate‐derived cations are consistent with the intermediacy of onium ions, the reactions of acyclic cations are not. Instead, consideration of the preferred conformations of the oxocarbenium ions and stereoelectronically favored additions to these intermediates provides a predictive model to explain the diastereoselectivities observed in reactions of oxocarbenium ions bearing proximal heteroatoms.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Nucleophilic Substitution at C, Si and P: How Solvation Affects the Shape of Reaction Profiles
Authors: van Bochove Marc A. , Bickelhaupt F. Matthias
Published: December 2007

We have studied how solvation affects the shape of potential energy surfaces (PES) of archetypal nucleophilic substitution reactions at carbon (SN2@C), silicon (SN2@Si) and phosphorus (SN2@P), using the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) of density functional theory (DFT) at OLYP/TZ2P. Our model systems cover nucleophilic substitution, in water and in the gas phase, at carbon in X– + CH3Y (SN2@C), at silicon in X– + SiH3Y (SN2@Si), at tricoordinate phosphorus in X– + PR2Y (SN2@P3), and at tetracoordinate phosphorus in X– + POR2Y (SN2@P4) with substituents R = H, F, Cl, CH3, OCH3. In the gas phase, particular types of SN2 reactions are characterized by different shapes of reaction profiles, such assingle‐, double‐ and triple‐well PESs. The main effect of solvation is to turn the PESs of the SN2@C but also of SN2@Si and SN2@P into unimodal reaction profiles which lead from the reactants via one single barrier to the products. The results are discussed in terms of differential solvation of reactants and transition states. We also address the question how the relative heights of reaction barriers are affected by solvation. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Highly Regio‐ and Stereoselective Diels–Alder Cycloaddition of Difluoro(methylene)cyclopropanes
Authors: Hang Xiao‐Chun , Chen Qing‐Yun , Xiao Ji‐Chang
Published: December 2007

The Diels–Alder reactions of difluoro(methylene)cyclopropanes (F2MCPs) with cyclic dienes are described. These cycloaddition reactions exhibited complete regioselectivity and high endo‐stereoselectivity. The obtained cycloadducts underwent a retro‐Diels–Alder reaction to give the original dienophiles and dienes when heated, reflecting the reversible Diels–Alder reactivity of F2MCPs.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Unexpected Tethering in the Synthesis of Methyl‐Substituted Acetyl‐1‐oxaspiro[4.5]­decanes: Novel Woody–Ambery Odorants with Improved Bioavailability (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2/2008)
Authors: Kraft Philip , Popaj Kasim
Published: December 2007

The cover picture shows the X‐ray crystal structure of a spirocyclic analog of the woody‐ambery odorant Iso Gamma, in which the polarity of the γ‐double bond is mimicked by the oxygen atom of the spiroannulated 3,3‐dimethyltetrahydrofuran‐2‐yl moiety. The log Pow value thereby improves from 5.7 to 3.2, so that this pleasant woody‐ambery odorant, which is reminiscent of Iso E Super with additional agrestic, conifer‐type facets of Cashmeran, can indeed be considered the first water‐soluble perfumery raw material of the woody‐ambery family. According to the European REACH regulations, it is thus classified as being bioavailable and regarded to be nonpersistent in the environment. To emphasize on the paradox of wood being water‐soluble, the wooden ORTEP model seems to dissolve into incense smoke that floats like streaks in water above a wood grain that warps like the ground of the ocean. But besides the interesting physical and olfactory properties of the target structure, P. Kraft and K. Popaj also report on an unprecedented tethering effect that was discovered in the course of synthetic attempts towards this and related structures by Diels–Alder reactions, on p. 261 ff.
Selection of optimal intensity measures in probabilistic seismic demand models of highway bridge portfolios
Authors: Padgett Jamie E. , Nielson Bryant G. , DesRoches Reginald
Published: December 2007

Probabilistic seismic demand models are a common and often essential step in generating analytical fragility curves for highway bridges. With these probabilistic models being traditionally conditioned on a single seismic intensity measure (IM), the degree of uncertainty in the models is dependent on the IM used. Selection of an optimal IM for conditioning these demand models is not a trivial matter and has been the focus of numerous studies. Unlike previous studies that consider a single structure for IM selection, this study evaluates optimal IMs for use when generating probabilistic seismic demand models for bridge portfolios such as would be found in HAZUS‐MH. Selection criteria such as efficiency, practicality, sufficiency, and hazard computability are considered in the selection process.

A case study is performed considering the multi‐span simply supported steel girder bridge class. Probabilistic seismic demand models are generated considering variability in the geometric configurations and material properties, using two suites of ground motions—one synthetic and one recorded motion suite. Results show that of the 10 IMs considered, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral acceleration at the fundamental period are the most optimal for the synthetic motions, and that cumulative absolute velocity is also a close contender when using recorded motions. However, when hazard computability is considered, PGA is selected as the IM of choice. Previous studies have shown that spectrally based quantities perform better than PGA for a given structure, but the findings of this study indicate that when a portfolio of bridges is considered, PGA should be used. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation processes of cemented features in karstic cave sites revealed using stable oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses: A case study at middle paleolithic Amud Cave, Israel
Authors: Shahack‐Gross Ruth , Ayalon Avner , Goldberg Paul , Goren Yuval , Ofek Boaz , Rabinovich Rivka , Hovers Erella
Published: December 2007

Hearths are important archaeological features, serving to infer past practices related to hominin subsistence and social behaviors. The identification of hearths is not always straightforward due to post‐depositional processes. In karstic cave environments in particular it is not always easy to distinguish, in the field or in the laboratory, between geogenic and anthropogenic cemented features because both are composed of calcite. Here we present a novel study in which bulk oxygen and carbon isotopic analyses were used in order to unequivocally identify anthropogenic calcite derived from hearths in the Neanderthal site of Amud Cave (Israel). We demonstrate that the isotopic composition of wood ash is distinctively different from that of geogenic calcite. The linear relationship observed between carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions of the various sediment types in Amud Cave is interpreted as a mixing line between wood ash and geogenic calcite, thus enhancing our understanding of the origins of sedimentological variability at the site and showing that not all of the cemented sediments in Amud Cave should be regarded as hearths. Our study suggests that the relative abundance of validated hearths in the various areas of the cave may be associated with Neanderthal use of space in Amud Cave. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled donepezil augmentation in antidepressant‐treated elderly patients with depression and cognitive impairment: a pilot study
Authors: Pelton Gregory H. , Harper Oliver L. , Tabert Matthias H. , Sackeim Harold A. , Scarmeas Nikolaos , Roose Steven P. , Devanand D. P.
Published: December 2007

Objective

To assess combined antidepressant and cognitive enhancer treatment in elderly patients presenting with depression plus cognitive impairment.

Methods

Twenty‐three elderly (>50 years old) depressed, cognitively impaired (DEP‐CI) patients participated in a pilot study. We evaluated whether, after 8 weeks of open antidepressant treatment, donepezil HCl (Aricept) would afford added cognitive benefit compared to placebo in a randomized 12‐week trial. A subsample continued in an 8‐month extension phase of open treatment with donepezil. Neuropsychological testing (NPT) was performed and antidepressant response monitored at baseline and the 8, 20, and 52‐week time points.

Results

At 8‐weeks, the antidepressant response rate was 61% (14/23). Improvement in SRT immediate recall (SRT‐IR; e.g. episodic verbal memory) was observed in responders compared to non‐responders. During the 12‐week, placebo‐controlled, donepezil add‐on trial, patients on donepezil showed further improvement in SRT‐IR versus patients on placebo. In the open extension phase, patients who continued open donepezil treatment (n = 6) maintained improvement in memory and tended to show an advantage over patients who never received donepezil and were evaluated at the 52‐week time point (n = 6). There were no observed significant donepezil effects on non‐memory cognitive domains.

Conclusion

These preliminary findings suggest that addition of a cholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) following antidepressant medication treatment in elderly Dep‐CI patients may improve cognition, and support the need for a confirmatory, larger randomized placebo‐controlled trial. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Differential patterns of cortical activation as a function of fluid reasoning complexity
Authors: Perfetti Bernardo , Saggino Aristide , Ferretti Antonio , Caulo Massimo , Romani Gian Luca , Onofrj Marco
Published: December 2007

Fluid intelligence (gf) refers to abstract reasoning and problem solving abilities. It is considered a human higher cognitive factor central to general intelligence (g). The regions of the cortex supporting gf have been revealed by recent bioimaging studies and valuable hypothesis on the neural correlates of individual differences have been proposed. However, little is known about the interaction between individual variability in gf and variation in cortical activity following task complexity increase. To further investigate this, two samples of participants (high‐IQ, N = 8; low‐IQ, N = 10) with significant differences in gf underwent two reasoning (moderate and complex) tasks and a control task adapted from the Raven progressive matrices. Functional magnetic resonance was used and the recorded signal analyzed between and within the groups. The present study revealed two opposite patterns of neural activity variation which were probably a reflection of the overall differences in cognitive resource modulation: when complexity increased, high‐IQ subjects showed a signal enhancement in some frontal and parietal regions, whereas low‐IQ subjects revealed a decreased activity in the same areas. Moreover, a direct comparison between the groups' activation patterns revealed a greater neural activity in the low‐IQ sample when conducting moderate task, with a strong involvement of medial and lateral frontal regions thus suggesting that the recruitment of executive functioning might be different between the groups. This study provides evidence for neural differences in facing reasoning complexity among subjects with different gf level that are mediated by specific patterns of activation of the underlying fronto‐parietal network. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute viral hepatitis increases liver stiffness values measured by transient elastography
Authors: Arena Umberto , Vizzutti Francesco , Corti Giampaolo , Ambu Silvia , Stasi Cristina , Bresci Silvia , Moscarella Stefania , Boddi Vieri , Petrarca Antonio , Laffi Giacomo , Marra Fabio , Pinzani Massimo
Published: December 2007

Liver tissue alterations other than fibrosis may have an impact on liver stiffness measurement. In this study we evaluated 18 patients without a previous clinical history of liver disease, consecutively admitted for acute viral hepatitis. In each patient, aminotransferase determination and liver stiffness measurement were performed on the same study day, at 3 different points: (1) peak increase in aminotransferase; (2) aminotransferase 50% or less of the peak; (3) aminotransferase levels ≤2× the upper limit of normal. In all patients, the degree of liver stiffness at the time of the peak increase in aminotransferases exceeded the cutoff values proposed for the prediction of significant fibrosis or cirrhosis. A progressive significant reduction in liver stiffness values was observed (

P

< 0.0001) in the follow-up period in parallel with the reduction of aminotransferase levels (

P

< 0.0001). Moreover, a statistically significant, positive correlation between aminotransferases and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) at the onset of acute viral hepatitis was found (

r

= 0.53,

P

= 0.02 and

r

= 0.51,

P

= 0.03 for alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, respectively). In conclusion, the extent of necroinflammatory activity needs to be carefully considered in future studies aimed at further validating transient elastography, particularly in patients with absent or low-stage liver fibrosis (in other words, F0-F2 METAVIR). LSM does not represent a reliable instrument to detect the presence of advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients presenting with a clinical picture of acute hepatitis. (Hepatology 2007.)