bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yogasana and its role in females with pre-menstrual syndrome: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Joshi Reema , Bhilare Dnyanada
Published: January 2025

Background:

Pelvic pain and fatigue make women feel uncomfortable and interfere with their regular activities, such as going to work, colleges, social events, and household chores. A natural method for dealing with pain and other discomfort is through Yogasanas and Breathing exercises. Pharmacological therapies are also an option, although they may have adverse effects.

Methods:

Females between the age 18 and 45 years were screened by using the Daily Record of Severity of Problems and Premenstrual Syndrome Scale for Pelvic pain intensity was assessed by Numerical Pain Rating Scale, and Fatigue was assessed by the Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue Scale. Yogasanas and breathing exercises were given to Experimental (Group A; n = 15) under supervision, whereas Control (Group B; n = 15) were given identical instructions. Prior to the intervention, post-4 weeks, and post-8 weeks, primary outcome measures were evaluated.

Results:

For both groups, pain and fatigue was reduced and showed statistically significant difference, and when the groups were compared, a significant difference was seen for Numerical Pain Rating Scale and Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue post-8 weeks.

Conclusion:

Our study concluded that Yogasanas and Breathing Exercises are effective in reducing Pelvic Pain and Fatigue in Females with Premenstrual Syndrome.
Recruiting and Engaging Virtual Patient and Family Advisors for Rapid, Robust Feedback to Support a Large, Geographically Dispersed Clinical Practice
Authors: Phipps Kevin
Published: January 2025

A large clinical practice group sought to create a unique Patient and Family Advisory Council (PFAC) recruitment and engagement model to support shifts in advisor expectations and support a medical group spread out across a large geographic area by providing rapid, custom patient and family feedback for quality, safety, and experience improvement. Patients are actively recruited through an online, automated application process linked to our patient surveys. Within 6 months of automated recruitment, the PFAC grew to over 200 members representing all clinical specialties and a variety of patient demographics, skills, and experiences. Rapid patient feedback through PFACs has elevated the voice of patients in dozens of projects and within specialties that have not utilized patient feedback or engaged a traditional PFAC in the past. Patients who may not have participated in a traditional PFAC have shared their perspectives on a variety of topics not captured in traditional patient surveys. Underrepresented patient populations are engaging in virtual PFAC opportunities much more than traditional PFACs.
Exploring the effects of nanoparticle radius and inter-particle spacing on mixed convective dusty nanofluid flow over an extending heated surface: A numerical analysis
Authors: Dawar Abdullah
Published: January 2025

This work has investigated a water-based dusty nanofluid flow past an extending surface that contains copper nanoparticles. The influences of the magnetic field, gravitational field, nanoparticle radius, interparticle spacing, thermal radiation, and heat source are also taken into account in this research. PDEs are used for presenting a mathematical model, which similarity variables are then used to convert into ODEs. Using the shooting approach, a numerical solution is determined. To assure the correctness of the numerical solution while keeping computational performance, we have employed both absolute tolerance (AbsTol = 10−5) and relative tolerance (RelTol = 10−5) for the derived results. Based on the acquired data, it is concluded that a larger magnetic factor increases drag force whereas a higher mixed convection factor decreases it. The heat transfer rate is increased by the larger thermal radiation factor and thermal Biot number. The axial velocity profiles are enhanced by the larger mixed convection component. Conversely, transverse velocity profiles are reduced close to the sheet’s surface by a larger mixed convection factor, while an opposite tendency is seen far from the sheet’s surface. The axial and transverse velocity distributions of both phases are decreased by the larger inter-particle spacing. The axial and transfer velocity profiles of both phases are boosted by the larger nanoparticle radius. The temperature profiles of both phases are heightened by the greater thermal Biot number and heat source factor. Overall, the analysis highlights that the embedded parameters significantly influence the velocity and thermal distributions of the nanofluid flow with a more pronounced impact on the nanofluid flow phase compared to the dusty nanofluid flow phase. These insights provide valuable guidance for the optimization of flow and thermal properties in engineering systems involving dusty nanofluids.
Teleguided photocoagulation treatments across continents with a remotely programmed laser for retinal diseases
Authors: Cusumano Andrea , Ross Robin , Falsini Benedetto , Lombardo Marco
Published: January 2025

Diabetic retinopathy and retinal vein occlusion represent two prevalent vision-threatening retinal diseases. Retinal laser therapy still plays an important role in treating these conditions, but its successful administration often requires referral to specialized centers and retina experts. It is, therefore, essential to develop a new treatment methodology that enables patients to benefit from the expertise of specialists from reference centers. For this purpose, we investigated the feasibility of teleguided photocoagulation conducted across continents to determine if different ophthalmologists can consensually devise and safely execute treatment plans remotely. Two patients from Italy (Europe) with diabetic retinopathy and one from Arizona (USA) with central retinal vein occlusion underwent retinal photocoagulation using Navilas® 577s with remote teleguidance from the corresponding continental counterpart. The process included remote planning and execution, supported by an audio connection for real-time communication. Teletreatment success criteria included treatment plan completion, patient tolerance, remote connection stability, and technical quality. All treatments have been successfully performed with accurate spot application and no technical issues. Follow-ups at three weeks confirmed positive outcomes for each patient. Remote teleguided retinal photocoagulation appears feasible, offering a promising tool for global collaborations in retina care and potential benefits to regions with limited access to expert supervision.
Association of mid-life cardiovascular risk with biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease, neurodegeneration, and white matter hyperintensities: Heart SCORE brain study
Authors: Saeed Anum , Chang Yuefang , Swanson Justin , Vu Michael , Mapstone Mark , Villemagne Victor L. , Snitz Beth E. , Royse Sarah K. , Wang Hongtian , Lopresti Brian , Aizenstein Howard J. , Wu Minjie , Kip Kevin , Reis Steven E. , Lopez Oscar , Cohen Ann
Published: January 2025

Background

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk factors in mid-life are associated with cognitive decline and late-life dementia. However, the role of these risk factors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology remains elusive.

Objective

We investigated the association of mid-life 10-year ASCVD risk with late-life amyloid, tau, neurodegeneration [AT(N)] measures and white matter hyperintensities (WMHs).

Methods

Participants enrolled in the Heart Strategies Concentrating on Risk Evaluation (Heart SCORE) study between 2003–2005 (mid-life) and underwent brain MRI and PET scans in 2018–2022 (age >65 years, late-life) to detect and quantify amyloid (A, PiB-PET) and tau (T, Flortaucipir (FTP) PET) deposition, cortical thickness (N) and WMHs. Mid-life ASCVD risk was categorized as; borderline (5%–7.4%), intermediate (7.5%-<15%), or high (≥15%). Association of mid-life ASCVD risk HR (95% CI) was assessed using logistic and linear regressions with A, T, or N and chi square beta coefficients for WMH in late life.

Results

Over a ∼16 years follow up, in 135 participants (mean age 73 years), mid-life ASCVD risk categories had a graded association with neurodegeneration (ORASCVD high vs low risk% 6.98 [2.44–19.95]; p < 0.05) driven primarily by self-identified Black race and age, while none with A and T. ASCVD risk score was also associated with WMHs ((β=0.42 ± 0.22; p = 0.05).

Conclusions

In this asymptomatic, diverse cohort, 10-year ASCVD risk was predictive of late-life neurodegeneration and WMHs but not amyloid or tau. Further mechanistic studies can elucidate whether midlife ASCVD risk factors associated neurodegeneration initiates brain vulnerability leading to AD in late life.
Cell culture research in aging and Alzheimer's disease: The strategic use/reuse of untreated controls and savings people's tax dollars
Authors: Kshirsagar Sudhir , Islam Md Ariful , Reddy Arubala P , Reddy P Hemachandra
Published: January 2025

Cell culture is an essential tool in both fundamental and translational research, particularly for understanding complex diseases like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The use of cell lines provides the advantage of genetic homogeneity, ensuring reproducible and consistent results. This article explores the application of mammalian cell cultures to model AD, focusing on the transfection of cells with key genes associated with the disease to replicate the cellular environment of AD. It explains various transfection methods and challenges related to the process. These models offer a robust platform for investigating cellular biology, molecular pathways, physiological processes, and drug discovery efforts. A range of assays, including RT-PCR, western blotting, ELISA, mitochondrial respiration, and reactive oxygen species analysis, are employed to assess the impact of genetic modifications on cellular functions and to screen potential AD therapies. Researchers often design experiments with multiple variables such as genetic modifications, chemical treatments, or time points, paired with positive and negative controls. By using a consistent control group across all conditions and under identical experimental conditions, researchers can minimize variability and enhance data reproducibility. This approach is particularly valuable in AD research, where small experimental differences can significantly influence outcomes. Using a shared control group ensures data comparability across experiments, saving time and resources by eliminating redundant control tests. This strategy not only streamlines the research process but also improves the reliability of results, making it a sensible, resource-efficient method that ultimately conserves public funding in the pursuit of AD treatments.
A Systematic Literature Review of Trauma Systems: An Operations Management Perspective
Authors: Wang Zihao , Rostami-Tabar Bahman , Haider Jane , Naim Mohamed , Haider Javvad
Published: January 2025

Background:

Trauma systems provide comprehensive care across various settings, from prehospital services to rehabilitation, integrating clinical and social care aspects. Established in the 1970s, these systems are pivotal yet under-researched in their operational management. This study aims to fill this gap by focussing on the integration of operations management (OM) techniques to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of trauma systems. By leveraging proven OM strategies from other healthcare sectors, we seek to improve patient outcomes and optimise system performance, addressing a crucial need for innovation in trauma care operations.

Methodology:

A systematic literature review was conducted using the PICOTS framework to explore operational aspects of trauma systems across varied settings, from emergency departments to specialised centres. Searches were performed in 5 databases, focussing on articles published from 2006 to 2024. Keywords related to operational research and management targeted both trauma systems and emergency management services. Our method involved identifying, synthesising, and summarising studies to evaluate operational performance, with a specific emphasis on articles that applied operational research/management techniques in trauma care. All eligible articles were critically appraised using 2 quality assessment tools.

Results:

Employing Donabedian’s framework to analyse the quality of trauma systems through structure, process, and outcome dimensions, our systematic review included 160 studies. Of these, 5 studies discussed the application of the Donabedian evaluation framework to trauma systems, and 14 studies examined structural elements, focussing on the location of healthcare facilities, trauma resource management, and EMS logistics. The 63 studies on process indicators primarily assessed triage procedures, with some exploring the timeliness of trauma care. Meanwhile, the 78 outcome-oriented studies predominantly evaluated mortality rates, alongside a smaller number assessing functional outcomes.

Conclusion:

Existing evaluation metrics primarily focussed on triage accuracy and mortality are inadequate. We propose expanding these metrics to include patient length of stay (LOS) and rehabilitation trajectory analyses. There is a critical gap in understanding patient flow management and long-term outcomes, necessitating focussed research on LOS modelling and improved rehabilitation data collection. Addressing these areas is essential for optimising trauma care and improving patient recovery outcomes.
Circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cao Zhen , Deng Zhiming , Lu Jieyi , Yuan Ying
Published: January 2025

Background

The connection between fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) and the likelihood of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) or preeclampsia (PE) has received more attention recently. Based on published articles, meta-analysis were conducted to explore the differences in FGF21 levels in GDM or PE compared to control groups.

Methods

Articles published before April 5, 2024 were searched across four databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library, and studies exploring the association of FGF21 levels and GDM or PE were collected. Additionally, ClinicalTrials.gov was also searched for completed and ongoing trials. (Prospero Registration CRD42024504738). The standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were utilized to determine FGF21 levels among different groups.

Results

This analysis incorporated a total of 16 articles, with 714 GDM and 701 non-GDM in the control group. The GDM-affected pregnant women had greater levels of circulating FGF21 than the control group (SMD = 0.529, 95% CI: 0.168 ~ 0.890, p = 0.004). Moreover, the PE case group covered 120 while the control group contained 134. The findings indicated that pregnant women with PE had significantly greater levels of circulating FGF21 than healthy expectant mothers (SMD = 0.743, 95% CI: 0.527 ~ 0.958, p = 0.000).

Conclusions

Our study found that FGF21 has the potential to serve as a diagnostic marker for GDM or PE. However, due to the limited number of studies and the fact that most data were from the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, more large-scale prospective studies are needed to validate these conclusions, investigate the potential of FGF21 in enabling early diagnosis, and further examine the role of FGF21 in the development and progression of GDM/PE.

Trial registration

Not applicable.
The impact of demographics and positioning on the imaging features of the optic nerve sheath and ophthalmic vessels
Authors: Berhanu David , Abegão Pinto Luís , Carneiro Inês , Fragata Isabel , Tavares Ferreira Joana , Lucas Neto Lia
Published: January 2025

Background

There are significant discrepancies in the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) reported in the literature. We aimed to determine the ultrasonographic imaging features of ONSD and ophthalmic vessels in a healthy population, using a standardized protocol, and to estimate the effect of demographics and positioning changes on imaging measurements.

Methods

We measured the mean values of the ONSD in supine and sitting position and the Doppler imaging parameters of the ophthalmic, central retinal and short posterior ciliary arteries. Inter-observer reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Linear regression models were fitted to predict the effect of demographic and clinical determinants on the imaging features.

Results

A total of 50 measurements were obtained for each observer. The mean ONSD was 5.9 mm and there was a mean reduction of 0.2 mm when assessed in sitting position (p < 0.001). Doppler analysis showed higher peak-systolic velocity and resistive index in the ophthalmic artery (35.6 cm/s vs. 12.0 cm/s; 0.78 vs. 0.70) compared to the central retinal artery (p < 0.001). Age, sex, heart rate and systolic blood pressure were significant determinants of the imaging features, with ONSD being larger in males (p < 0.001) and increasing with heart rate (p = 0.001). ICC estimates indicated ‘good’ inter-observer reliability of the ONSD and the ophthalmic and central retinal arteries velocities and resistance.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest a significant impact of patient demographics and positioning during ultrasonography on the normal imaging features of the ONSD and ophthalmic vessels. The heterogeneity in methodology and clinical cohorts may justify previous discrepancies in the literature. These findings can assist in the interpretation of imaging features in clinical settings and in the standardization of point of care ONSD ultrasonography.
Renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation in plasma as marker for prognosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19: a prospective exploratory study
Authors: Krenn Katharina , Kraft Felix , Mandroiu Luana , Tretter Verena , Reindl-Schwaighofer Roman , Clement Theresa , Domenig Oliver , Vossen Matthias G. , Riemann Gregor , Poglitsch Marko , Ullrich Roman
Published: January 2025

Background

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with coronavirus infectious disease (COVID)-19 has been a challenge in intensive care medicine for the past three years. Dysregulation of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is linked to COVID-19, but also to non-COVID-19 ARDS. It is still unclear whether changes in the RAS are associated with prognosis of severe COVID-19.

Methods

In this prospective exploratory study, blood samples of 94 patients with COVID-19 were taken within 48 h of admission to a medical ward or an ICU. In ICU patients, another blood sample was taken seven days later. Angiotensin (Ang) I-IV, Ang 1–7, Ang 1–5 and aldosterone concentrations were measured with liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) followed by calculation of markers for activities of renin (PRA-S) and ACE (ACE-S), alternative RAS activation (ALT-S) as well as the ratio of aldosterone to Ang II (AA2R). Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and ACE2 concentrations were measured by LC–MS/MS-based assays. All RAS parameters were evaluated as predictors of 28-day and 60-day survival using receiver operating characteristic and multivariate logistic regression analysis.

Results

AA2R at inclusion was a predictor of 60-day survival for ICU patients with an AUROC of 0.73. Ang II and active ACE2 were inversely associated with survival (OR 0.07; 95%CI 0.01, 0.39 and OR 0.10; 95%CI 0.01, 0.63) while higher Ang 1–7 predicted favorable outcome (OR 6.8; 95%CI 1.5, 39.9). ICU patients showed higher concentrations of all measured angiotensin metabolites, PRA-S, ALT-S and active ACE2, and lower ACE-S and AA2R than patients in the medical ward at inclusion. After seven days in the ICU, Ang I, Ang II, Ang III and Ang IV concentrations decreased, while ACE and ACE2 levels increased. Ang I, PRA-S, Ang 1–7 and Ang 1–5 concentrations correlated with the SOFA score both at the time of inclusion and after seven days, and driving pressure after seven days.

Conclusions

AA2R at inclusion predicted 60-day survival with moderate sensitivity, revealing a dissociation between unchanged aldosterone and increased Ang II levels in the most severely ill COVID-19 patients. After adjustment for confounders, Ang 1–7 as the final metabolite of alternative RAS was predictive for survival.
Systematic review of the application of the Kidney Failure Risk Equation and Oxford classification in estimating prognosis in IgA Nephropathy
Authors: Toal M. P. , Fergie R. , Quinn M. P. , Hill C. J. , O’Neill C. , Maxwell A. P.
Published: January 2025

Background

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis in the world and is an important cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure. Outcomes are heterogeneous, and accurate risk stratification is important to identify the highest risk individuals for treatment and to help prevent disease progression. The Oxford classification (OC) is an internationally adopted standard for renal biopsy reporting in IgAN, which measures the degree of histological abnormalities and predicts prognosis. The kidney failure risk equation (KFRE) was developed to predict kidney failure in all causes of CKD and has been shown to be highly accurate across diverse etiologies. This review aimed to compare the KFRE with formulae incorporating the OC in accurately determining the risk of kidney failure in IgAN.

Methods

A systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Cochrane library guidelines and PRISMA statement for reporting of systematic reviews. Studies comparing the accuracy of the KFRE with the OC in predicting disease progression and kidney failure in IgAN were evaluated. The search strategy and analysis were performed independently by two reviewers. Studies that were eligible for inclusion compared the KFRE with any tool incorporating the OC in a cohort of individuals with IgAN. Eligible outcomes were reduction of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and prognostic tools were required to assess the accuracy of these formulae by discrimination and/or calibration.

Results

After searching several databases, only one study was eligible for inclusion in the review. This study of 2300 Chinese individuals with IgAN had a median follow-up of 2.5 years. Two-hundred eighty-eight individuals had a composite outcome of 50% decline in eGFR or ESRD, and 214 individuals developed ESRD. Both the KFRE and the IgAN Risk Prediction (IRP) tool (incorporating the OC) were highly accurate at predicting ESRD with a C-statistic of 0.90 and 0.91, respectively. Subgroup analysis demonstrated improved performance of IRP over KFRE in discrimination for individuals with preserved eGFR (> 60 ml/min/1.73 m2) at baseline. The risk of bias was high due to insufficient follow-up and handling of missing data, so overall confidence in findings is very low.

Conclusion

There is currently insufficient evidence to compare the accuracy of the KFRE and OC in determining outcomes in IgAN. Further research is required in this field.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42022364569.
Comparative Efficacy of Ventriculosubgaleal Shunt Versus Ventricular Reservoir in Achieving Shunt Independence for Infants With Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus by 6 Months
Authors: Khalid Syed I. , Hukamdad Mishaal , Chiu Lucinda , Adachi Kaho , Zhang Lu , Scoville Jonathan , Lam Sandi
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Low-birth weight, premature infants often have severe intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH), which can result in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH), sometimes requiring cerebrospinal fluid diversion. Initial temporizing management of PHH includes placement of a ventriculosubgaleal shunt (VSGS) or ventricular access device (VAD). Studies have found similar permanent shunt conversion rates between VSGS and VAD but were limited by sample scope and size. The rate of conversion to permanent shunt within 6 months post-IVH in premature infants, comparing the efficacy of VSGS and VAD, remains underexplored.

METHODS:

This retrospective study used International Classification of Diseases-10 codes in the PearlDiver Mariner database to analyze the medical records of premature infants diagnosed with grade 3 or 4 IVH who underwent VAD or VSGS treatment. A 2:1 matching process was used to control demographics, IVH severity, degree of prematurity, and associated respiratory or gastrointestinal conditions. We assessed the rates and odds of conversion to permanent shunts within 6 months, using Kaplan-Meier plots for shunt-free probability and log-rank tests for distribution comparisons.

RESULTS:

Our matched analysis included 222 infants (VAD, n = 145, VSGS, n = 77) and demonstrated no difference in the proportion of gender, respiratory conditions, necrotizing enterocolitis, extreme prematurity, and Grade III or IV IVH. The odds of requiring a permanent shunt were significantly lower in the VSGS group compared with the VAD group within 6 months (odds ratio: 0.22, 95% CI [0.12, 0.41], P < .001). From day 60 onward, Kaplan-Meier plots indicated a notable divergence in shunt-free probability within 6 months (Log-Rank P < .001).

CONCLUSION:

This study highlights a significant reduction in the need for permanent shunt placement within 6 months for post-IVH in premature infants who underwent VSGS vs VAD, suggesting that VSGS may be a more favorable temporizing procedure for managing PHH in this vulnerable population.
Bertrand Russell and Catalan Literature: In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays and Dictionary for the Idle
Authors: López-Pampló Rius Gonçal
Published: January 2025

Joan Fuster (Sueca, 1922–1992) was one of the most important essayists of Catalan literature. Diccionari per a ociosos (Dictionary for the Idle), published in 1964, has been widely seen as one of his masterpieces, not only because of the wide range of topics he deals with, but also because of his witty and contemporary insight. Despite this critical acclaim, many aspects of this book still deserve further research. In this article we try to study more deeply the sources of Dictionary for the Idle, focusing on Bertrand Russell’s In Praise of Idleness and Other Essays (1935). Beyond the similar titles, we think that Joan Fuster could have been inspired by Russell’s literary style and intellectual attitude, not only because of stylistic and thematic similarities, but also because of the attested references (among which we will comment on which of Russell’s books are kept in Fuster’s personal library). A direct rewriting between In Praise of Idleness… and Diccionari per a ociosos must be dismissed due to lack of written proof, as well as direct allusions, which do not appear whatsoever. However, our aim is to trace the link between these two authors and the influence that the former had on the latter, in the context of his general influence on both Spanish and Catalan contemporary essay.
The Hypertextual Process of Rewriting a Plurimedial Work: Joan Fuster and Vicent Garcés’ Ballet Marinada
Authors: Hernàndez i Garcia Xavier
Published: January 2025

Joan Fuster is one of the most prolific and influential authors in Catalan culture. In 1953, the Valencian composer Vicent Garcés contacted Fuster to ask for his collaboration in writing a “Valencian opera”. Although this project will never come to fruition, it will lay the foundations of a friendship that will crystallise in Fuster’s only literary collaboration on a musical composition: the symphonic ballet Marinada, which was written in the late 1940s, during a stay of Garcés’ in Paris and premiered in València in 1957. The original lyrics, written by Garcés himself, were inspired by Valencian folk songs. Fuster’s intervention was decisive in providing the necessary literary quality that the work needed in order to win the 16th Joan Senent Ibañez award in 1972 and to have a greater diffusion. In this article, we intend, from a hypertextual perspective, to study the mechanisms that Fuster used in the process of rewriting Garcés’ text to turn a minor work into a composition recognised both musically and literarily. The correspondence between Garcés and Fuster and the analysis of the original scores and other work documents found in Fuster’s archive will allow us to describe the process of rewriting using an intermedial approach, as we will study a work that combines two media, i.e. music and literature.
Multilingüismo en la traducción de Zeru horiek (1995) de Bernardo Atxaga al finés y al estonio
Authors: Kotta Merilin
Published: January 2025

Multilingualism in the Translation of Bernardo Atxaga’s Zeru Horiek (1995) into Finnish and Estonian. Zeru horiek (1995, The Lone Woman, English translation by Margaret Jull Costa) is the second most multilingual novel written by Bernardo Atxaga after Obabakoak. While Basque is the source language of his literary works, his fictional world is multilingual. In Zeru horiek seven natural languages appear together with Basque: English, Spanish, French, Italian, Catalan, Galician and Latin. This paper investigates how and why these languages are used in the novel, based on the theoretical approaches presented by Manterola (2019) and Verschik and Saagpakk (2023). Another purpose is to bring into the spotlight two translations of the novel never studied before: the Finnish version Tuolla taivaalla (1999, translated by Tarja Roinila) and the Estonian version Need taevad (2022, by the author of this article). Twenty-three years separate these translations, but the literary contexts of their publication are not very different. Firstly, because of the dominance of English as a main source language of literary translations, and secondly, on account of the fact that Basque, Latin and Romance language skills are not very common in its target readers.
Tuolla taivaalla is an example of early and indirect translation and, according to the model of Delabastita (1993), tends to substitute some expressions and passages in other languages, used by Atxaga, with elements of Finnish. The substitution reduces multilingualism, omits all reference to Galician and modifies some literary aspects such as the relationships between characters. Modifications in Esos cielos (the autotranslation by Atxaga) used as source text and an effort to make the text understandable for the reader can explain this linguistic and cultural homogenisation. Need taevad illustrates a late and direct translation that conventionally preserves and reproduces the multilingualism of the original. It even increases it in two ways: by restoring the source language in some passages (in English and French) presented in Basque in Zeru horiek, and by including some expressions in Basque. The strategy that allows this is permutation (translation in a footnote). Hence, two types of Estonian reader have been kept in mind: those who know some of these languages and those who do not.
The role of visuals in the perceptions of risk and of self-efficacy and the behaviors towards the pandemic of Covid-19
Authors: Şahin Ergeç Mehmet , Elciyar Kemal
Published: January 2025

The Covid-19 has spread rapidly, becoming a global health crisis. In crises, especially in public health problems such as a pandemic, it is important to reach the target audience effectively. In this process, the use of visuals helps to convey risk messages effectively. To control the pandemic and prevent its spread, individuals’ risk perception, self-efficacy and behaviors towards the pandemic are of great importance. The aim of this study is to measure how the visuals those individuals are exposed to about the Covid-19 pandemic affect their perceived risk level and self-efficacy, and how these relationships direct their behavior towards the pandemic. For the implementation of the study, data were collected from 410 people working in public institutions, in Türkiye. Structural equation modeling, t-test and Anova techniques analyzed the data collected in the survey conducted in the survey model. According to the research results, gender and educational status significantly affect employees’ attention to visuals and risk perception. According to the results of the research model, the research factors affect each other positively. Individuals’ interest in visuals increases their perceived risk and self-efficacy perceptions. Perceived risk and self efficacy for the epidemic, on the other hand, affect their behavior towards the epidemic.
Slow-light enhanced silicon photonic crystal phase tuner actuated by electrostatic comb drives
Authors: Poulsen Brett , Sabarinathan Jayshri
Published: January 2025

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and experimental demonstration of a silicon photonic phase tuner that leverages slow-light effects in a suspended photonic crystal (PC) slot waveguide. The phase is tuned by electrostatic comb actuation which modulates the slot width within the PC defect thus achieving a high phase sensitivity enhancement relative to a conventional slot waveguide. The device is fabricated using a silicon photonic foundry process followed by post-processing steps to remove the oxide cladding and suspend the PC slot waveguide and electrostatic actuation combs. The design exhibits up to a 16-fold improvement in phase sensitivity, enabling sub-volt V
π
with a nominal slot width of 200 nm. A small actuation length of just 33 μm results in a V
π
L of 20.13 Vμm. The results demonstrate phase tuning with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible core voltages for high density, high speed applications in silicon photonics, such as optical phased arrays and photonic accelerators.
Distributed measurement of polarization crosstalk in polarization-maintaining anti-resonant hollow-core fibers
Authors: Hu Qingbo , Gao Shoufei , Sun Yizhi , Liang Zhixi , Chen Hao , Liu Qi , Ding Wei , Wang Yingying
Published: January 2025

Polarization-maintaining anti-resonant hollow-core fibers combine the advantages of a hollow core with birefringence-protected light guiding, delivering promises for a wide range of applications. However, a comprehensive assessment of its polarization maintenance capability remains elusive. In this work, we demonstrate a distributed measurement of polarization crosstalk in this type of fiber utilizing modified optical frequency domain polarimetry. To address the substantial chromatic dispersion of group birefringence, a compensation approach is employed to rectify measurement inaccuracies stemming from the broadening of polarization crosstalk peaks. Using this method, we quantify the polarization crosstalk level in this type of fiber and explore distributed measurement of polarization crosstalk under three primary mechanical stresses: macro bending, transverse compression, and twisting.
Integration of unpaired single cell omics data by deep transfer graph convolutional network
Authors: Kan Yulong , Qi Yunjing , Zhang Zhongxiao , Liang Xikeng , Wang Weihao , Jin Shuilin
Published: January 2025

The rapid advance of large-scale atlas-level single cell RNA sequences and single-cell chromatin accessibility data provide extraordinary avenues to broad and deep insight into complex biological mechanism. Leveraging the datasets and transfering labels from scRNA-seq to scATAC-seq will empower the exploration of single-cell omics data. However, the current label transfer methods have limited performance, largely due to the lower capable of preserving fine-grained cell populations and intrinsic or extrinsic heterogeneity between datasets. Here, we present a robust deep transfer model based graph convolutional network, scTGCN, which achieves versatile performance in preserving biological variation, while achieving integration hundreds of thousands cells in minutes with low memory consumption. We show that scTGCN is powerful to the integration of mouse atlas data and multimodal data generated from APSA-seq and CITE-seq. Thus, scTGCN shows high label transfer accuracy and effectively knowledge transfer across different modalities.
Strategi Belajar Pemagang Indonesia di Jepang dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Bahasa Jepang
Authors: Muryati Sri , - Trismanto , Astuti Bekti Setio
Published: January 2025

This study explores the strategies Indonesian interns employ to enhance their Japanese language proficiency during internships in Japan. A qualitative research method was utilized, collecting data through an online survey from 90 respondents. The survey included information on personal characteristics, learning strategies, experiences, and challenges encountered during the learning process. Analysis revealed that most interns were male (86.7%) with a predominant age range of 26-30 years, most of whom had resided in Japan for over 2 years. While many had educational backgrounds equivalent to high school, their initial proficiency levels in Japanese varied, with most starting at level N4. Common learning strategies included self-study using media such as videos (including films and TV shows), reading Japanese textbooks, and practicing speaking with friends. Direct interaction with native Japanese speakers outside work contexts was also considered crucial. Despite relatively low participation in formal Japanese language classes, respondents found their chosen self-study methods to be effective. Primary challenges included time constraints and difficulties in grasping Japanese grammar. Effective strategies identified for improving Japanese language proficiency among interns encompass consistent self-directed learning, direct interaction with native speakers, and the use of relevant learning resources. The implications of this research underscore the importance of adapting to irregular work schedules and maintaining high motivation to achieve significant progress in mastering the Japanese language.
Comparison of classical and flowcytometric osmotic fragility and flowcytometric eosin-5-maleimide binding tests in diagnosis of hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Gülüm Cemil , Eroğlu Pelin , Temel Gülhan , Tombak Anıl , Ünal Selma
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) is the most common congenital hemolytic anemia in Northern Europe and North America. Damaged or deficient proteins in the erythrocyte membrane cause the condition, leading to a decrease in the surface area and volume of erythrocytes. Specialists traditionally use the osmotic fragility test (C-OF) for diagnosis. Researchers have developed new methods for flow cytometry-based tests that are the eosin-5-maleimide binding (EMA) and osmotic fragility (FC-OF) tests. In this study, we aimed to determine and compare the power of discrimination of FC-OF, EMA, and C-OF tests. Another purpose is to investigate the effect of incubation.

Methods

We performed both real-time and incubated C-OF, EMA, and FC-OF on 20 patients diagnosed with HS and 30 healthy controls. We diagnosed HS based on family history, spherocytes, and clinical and lab findings.

Results

We found that the success of all tests in the classification was statistically significant (p<0.001). The discriminatory power of C-OF was not different from that of EMA and FC-OF. FC-OF discriminated better than EMA. Incubation increased C-OF performance and decreased EMA and FC-OF performance.

Conclusions

We think FC-OF should be preferred. Because it has higher discrimination power, specificity, and sensitivity. It gives faster results, costs less, and needs less labor. The lack of flow cytometer devices in every center is the biggest handicap of FC-OF and EMA. But we think that the FC-OF method can be adapted to hemogram devices available in every center in the future.
Development of Nutraceutical and Nutritional Design Method for Liposomal Curcumin and Vitamin C Using Microstructural and Elemental Analysis
Authors: Ermurat Yakup
Published: January 2025

The biomolecular components of curcumin are potent inhibiting nutraceuticals with hydrophobic characteristics. Vitamin C, a water-soluble antioxidant, plays a crucial role in strengthening the body’s immune system. Liposomal encapsulation enhances the solubility and bioactivity of curcumin, while also increasing the bioavailability of vitamin C. In this study, a functional nutraceutical and nutritional design method was developed using structural and elemental analysis of prepared liposomal curcumin and liposomal curcumin-vitamin C nanoparticles, utilising scanning electron microscopy. The microstructural images of the liposomal curcumin nanoparticles revealed their hydrophobic nature and adequate structural model. The liposomal curcumin-vitamin C displayed solid surface spherical particles in their dried forms. The peak patterns graph and data of the elemental constituents of the liposomal curcumin samples indicated high levels of carbon and oxygen, while the liposomal curcumin-vitamin C samples showed elemental carbon and oxygen, as well as minerals Mg, P, and K.
Educational materials for employees of scientific institutions of the NAS of Ukraine who are responsible for the functioning of open-access journals
Authors:   Publishing House Akademperiodyka of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Didenko Y.V. , Bolkotun Z.A. ,   Publishing House Akademperiodyka of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine: Kyiv, UA, Zhuk O.M. ,   Publishing House Akademperiodyka of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Havrysh A.V. ,   Publishing House Akademperiodyka of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine
Published: January 2025

In order to improve the presentation level of the scientific work results of the institutions of the NAS of Ukraine in the world information space, the Academy has implemented and introduced important elements of open science over the past two decades. These tutorials help employees of scientific institutions to present periodicals effectively in the virtual environment. There are Appendices at the end of the tutorial, which provide useful links to regulatory documents, guidelines, seminar recordings, and other publications of the “Akademperiodyka” Publishing House in the form of QR codes.
Methodological recommendations for improving the efficiency of publishing scientific results in the global information space
Authors:   Publishing House Akademperiodyka of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine: Kyiv, Radchenko A.I. , Bolkotun Z.A. ,   Publishing House Akademperiodyka of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine: Kyiv, Vakarenko O.G. ,   Publishing House Akademperiodyka of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine: Kyiv, Didenko Y.V. ,   Publishing House Akademperiodyka of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine: Kyiv, Zhuk O.M. ,   Publishing House Akademperiodyka of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine: Kyiv, Kanishcheva V.M. ,   Publishing House Akademperiodyka of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine: Kyiv, Nikitchenko O.V. ,   Publishing House Akademperiodyka of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine: Kyiv
Published: January 2025

The methodological recommendations are meant to assist in the day-to-day work with scientific publishing products. The recommendations are based on the practical experience of the experts of the “Akademperiodyka” Publishing House. The publication contains theoretical and practical material, processed considering general changes and innovations, including changes in the legislation of Ukraine and changes pursuant to the requirements of open science.

The recommendations will be of help to employees of scientific institutions publishing departments and editorial staff of scientific periodicals.
OS MODALIZADORES DISCURSIVOS NO GÊNERO PROJETO PEDAGÓGICO DE CURSO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Santos da Silva Vanessa
Published: January 2025

O presente trabalho possui como objetivo investigar o funcionamento semântico argumentativo e enunciativo do fenômeno da Modalização Discursiva, presente no gênero Projeto Pedagógico de Curso do Ensino Superior, em especial da graduação, de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Como aporte teórico, adotamos os estudos sobre a Teoria do Gêneros Discursivos propostos por Bakhtin (2016); a Teoria da Argumentação na Língua proposta por Ducrot (1987; 1988); os estudos da Modalização, na qual, Nascimento e Silva (2012) propõem uma classificação dos modalizadores discursivos, sendo eles: Epistêmicos, Dêonticos, Avaliativos e Delimitadores. O nosso corpus é formado por 06 (seis) Projetos Pedagógicos de Curso de distintas áreas do conhecimento, sendo elas: Ciências Humanas, Ciências da Saúde, Ciências Exatas e Ciências da Tecnologia. Dentro dessas áreas, foram selecionados os PPC dos cursos: Licenciatura em História, Medicina, Ciências da Computação, Gastronomia, Ciências de Dados para Negócios e Engenharia de Materiais. Nesses documentos, encontramos quase todos os tipos de modalizadores, com exceção da modalização deôntica de proibição. Aqui, destacamos os modalizadores mais frequentes em nosso corpus, sendo eles: delimitadores, avaliativos, deôntico de obrigatoriedade e deôntico de possibilidade. Como também, encontramos os fenômenos de coocorrência de modalizadores e o fenômeno recente de um único modalizador com dupla função modal.
Deep learning approach based on a patch residual for pediatric supracondylar subtle fracture detection
Authors: Ye Qingming , Wang Zhilu , Lou Yi , Yang Yang , Hou Jue , Liu Zheng , Liu Weiguang , Li Jiayu
Published: January 2025

Supracondylar humerus fractures in children are among the most common elbow fractures in pediatrics. However, their diagnosis can be particularly challenging due to the anatomical characteristics and imaging features of the pediatric skeleton. In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved notable success in medical image analysis, though their performance typically relies on large-scale, high-quality labeled datasets. Unfortunately, labeled samples for pediatric supracondylar fractures are scarce and difficult to obtain. To address this issue, this paper introduces a deep learning-based multi-scale patch residual network (MPR) for the automatic detection and localization of subtle pediatric supracondylar fractures. The MPR framework combines a CNN for automatic feature extraction with a multi-scale generative adversarial network to model skeletal integrity using healthy samples. By leveraging healthy images to learn the normal skeletal distribution, the approach reduces the dependency on labeled fracture data and effectively addresses the challenges posed by limited pediatric datasets. Datasets from two different hospitals were used, with data augmentation techniques applied during both training and validation. On an independent test set, the proposed model achieves an accuracy of 90.5%, with 89% sensitivity, 92% specificity, and an F1 score of 0.906—outperforming the diagnostic accuracy of emergency medicine physicians and approaching that of pediatric radiologists. Furthermore, the model demonstrates a fast inference speed of 1.1 s per sheet, underscoring its substantial potential for clinical application.