bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of benevolent human resource management attributions on employees’ general work stress, with the mediating influence of gratitude
Authors: Hameed Athar , Khwaja Muddasar Ghani
Published: November 2022

Workplace stress can cause serious physical and mental illness and result in billions of dollars in lost productivity every year. Researchers have called for the development of frameworks through which Human Resource Management (HRM) practices can reduce employee stress. Building on HRM attribution theory, this study builds a framework based on benevolent HRM attributions. Benevolent HRM attributions are employee beliefs that their management has enacted HRM practices to support their performance ( performance HRM attributions) and improve their well-being ( well-being HRM attributions). This study examined if both benevolent HRM attributions engender employee gratitude, which in turn may reduce their general job stress levels. Respondents of the study were chosen from the telecom sector of Pakistan as they operate in a high stress inducing environment. The theoretically based causal associations were examined by employing the structural equation modeling (SEM) method. The results confirmed the hypotheses and also showed that both benevolent HRM attributions reduce employees’ job stress with the mediating influence of gratitude. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed as well.
“People say you’re going home, but I don’t have a home”: Housing After Prison
Authors: Doyle Caroline , Yates Sophie , Bartels Lorana , Hopkins Anthony , Taylor Helen
Published: November 2022

Recidivism in Australia is high, especially in the Australian Capital Territory (ACT). While high-quality stable housing has been shown to reduce recidivism, people released from prison face many barriers in obtaining housing. This paper reports on a qualitative study exploring the housing experiences of 11 people released from prison in the ACT. Participants felt the importance of housing for reintegration and avoiding recidivism, but reported many challenges, including issues relating to lack of pre-release planning, income and employment, drug use, difficulties and delays with accessing social housing, and complying with parole or bail conditions. We recommend increased investment in services to assist people in prison with organizing housing before release. Furthermore, as housing is a foundational need for reintegration and drug use is high among the prison population in the ACT, Housing First initiatives may be the most appropriate model for providing accommodation and reducing recidivism.
Cultic Images of Jerusalem in Lamentations 2:1–8
Authors: Goswell Gregory
Published: November 2022

Lamentations 2.1–8 depicts the attack of God on Jerusalem and the temple. God is the subject of almost every verb in the unit, and this heightens the theological dimension of the crisis compared with chapter 1. This perspective is reinforced by the many images of the city as a centre of worship. The focus on the cult is not limited to the mention of feasts, sabbath, altar and sanctuary in 2.6–7 but is in evidence from verse 1 with the city described as ‘under a cloud’ and called ‘the beauty of Israel’ and God’s ‘footstool’. This way of viewing Jerusalem is bolstered by the images of ‘the tent of the daughter of Zion’ (2.4), and God’s ‘booth’ (2.6a). God’s action against Zion signals the breakdown of the relationship between Yhwh and his people, and it also disables the usual cultic mechanisms for mending that relationship.
Impacts of Vehicle Speed and Number of Heavy Vehicles on Emissions and Fuel Consumption in Sensitive Locations
Authors: Rahimi Mostafa , Bortoluzzi Daniele , Biral Francesco
Published: November 2022

Tourist areas are one of the most populated parts of cities. Air quality in these spaces is critical as they are more susceptible to the particles emitted by vehicles. The concentration of exhaust emissions around these sensitive locations may cause untreatable health issues for visitors, commuters, and citizens. Heavy-duty vehicles (HVs) are one of the most influential factors creating adverse impacts on air quality. This study proposes a state-of-the-art simulation-based approach to study the relationship between an HV’s speed, its fuel consumption, and its contribution to exhaust emissions in sensitive locations. For this purpose, air pollution and fuel consumption in various scenarios were simulated and compared. The proposed method was applied to one of the most popular tourist areas in Trento (Italy), using VISSIM and EnViVer traffic simulation software packages. The results confirmed the impact of vehicle speed on fuel consumption and the amount of emission. The results showed that a 100-km/h increase in the speed of both light vehicles and HV can increase the NOx and volatile organic compound emissions by approximately 20%. Also, CO emissions and fuel consumption increase by approximately 33% when the HV speed increases from 30 to 50km/h. The emission per seat can be decreased by up to 40% and 27% by 20- and 10-km/h reductions in speed, respectively, together with a 100% increase in the HV percentage. Implementing this proposed method could avoid the unintentional negative impacts of air pollution on susceptible visitors.
Changes in Research Abstracts: Past Tense, Third Person, Passive, and Negatives
Authors: Jiang Feng (Kevin) , Hyland Ken
Published: November 2022

Research abstracts are an increasingly important aspect of research articles in all knowledge fields, summarizing the full article and encouraging readers to access it. Graetz suggests that four main features contribute to this purpose—the use of past tense, third person, passive, and the non-use of negatives, although this claim has never been confirmed. In this article, we set out to explore the extent to which these forms are used in the abstracts of four disciplines, the functions they perform and how their frequency has changed over the past 30 years. Drawing on a corpus of 6,000 abstracts taken from the top 10 journals in each of four disciplines at three distinct time periods, we found high but decreasing frequencies of past tense and passives, an increasing number of third person forms, and more than one negation every two texts. We also noted a remarkable decrease of past tense and passives in the hard sciences and an increase in applied linguistics, with sociologists making greater use of negation. These results suggest that abstracts have developed a distinctive argumentative style, rhetorically linked both to their communicative function and to the changing social contexts in which academic writing is produced and consumed.
Evaluation, calibration, and modal analysis for determination of contact stiffness between workpiece and components of milling fixture
Authors: Sohrabifard M , Nategh MJ , Ghazavi MR
Published: November 2022

The stability of workpiece inside fixture influences the dynamics of machining. Although, the workpiece is uniquely and deterministically positioned and grasped by the fixture, it undergoes small displacements due to the contact compliance resulting from the frictional slip under the external loads and vibrations. The frictional slip of workpiece, along or around the main axes relative to the fixture components is a major cause of instability and the main element influencing the contact stiffness between the workpiece and the fixture. In the present study, a procedure has been developed to evaluate the contact stiffness by employing mathematical and experimental tools. The grasp matrices defined in analytical model were obtained by a combination of calibration and measurement of forces, displacements, and friction coefficient. The contact stiffness was also determined by modal analysis of the assembly of workpiece and fixture and the results were compared. It was evidenced that the dry friction existing in the contact areas between the workpiece and fixture elements could lead to the stick-slip instability, detrimental to the dynamics of machining. The main contribution and novelty of the present study can be outlined, as follows. The contact stiffness between workpiece and fixture was modeled and measured. The frictional slip was modeled and measured in addition to the physical compliances. Dry friction between workpiece and fixture was detected as a source of stick-slip. Procedures were developed to calibrate and measure all forces and displacements. Modal analysis was done as a complementary tool to verify the results.
Machinability characteristics analysis of hard turning operation on AISI 4340 steel using physical vapor deposition multilayer coated carbide cutting tool in the dry environment
Authors: Bag Rabinarayan , Panda Amlana , Sahoo Ashok Kumar , Kumar Ramanuj
Published: November 2022

AISI 4340 hardened steel is usually used in axle shafts, main shafts, gear, and couplings. Using multi-layer physical vapor deposition a coated tool, an attempt was made to optimize the input variables on precise turning on hardened AISI 4340 grade steel. The cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of the cut were the applied process factors in the dry-cutting environment. Furthermore, surface roughness (Ra), flank wear (VBc), cutting temperature ( T), and chip morphology were considered as technological responses. The Taguchi L27 standard orthogonal array with three levels and three factors was used in the experiment. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersion spectroscopy were used to analyze tool wear and chip morphology characteristics. The relevance of the input process factors on the measured responses was determined using analysis of variance analysis. The feed rate was observed to have a dominant impact on the surface roughness in the trials. At an optimal parametric combination with 80 m/min cutting speed, 0.05 mm/rev feed rate, and 0.3 mm depth of cut obtained from the Taguchi-TOPSIS optimization method. The enhancement of the closeness coefficient was observed to be 0.2372. The generated second-order regression model was demonstrated to be of high significance. The strategy and outcomes of this research will help metal machining enterprises to augment manufacturing productivity when working with hardened steel.
Navigating the paths to sustainable environments via energy security, renewable energy and economic complexity: Evidence from array of pollution metrics
Authors: Uche Emmanuel , Das Narasingha , Nwaeze Nnamdi Chinwendu , Bera Pinki
Published: November 2022

Empirical narratives pertaining to the implications of energy security (ENS) on environmental quality (EQ), particularly in the context of Emerging Seven (E7) countries, are currently understudied. Likewise, the influence of renewable energy (RWN), economic complexity (ECI) and environmental control technology (EVT) on EQ is still unsettled. Thus, based on arrays of pollution metrics (ecological footprint (ECF), carbon emission damage (CO2D) and consumption-based carbon emissions (CCO2) and annual panel series spanning 1990–2018, this study provides fresh insights into the implications of the listed variables on EQs in E7 countries. Accordingly, the following empirical narratives were established: (i) The effects of the enlisted panel series on EQ are sensitive to the peculiarities of each pollution metric. (ii) Estimates of the pool mean group autoregressive distributed lag (PMG-ARDL) model and those of cross-sectional augmented autoregressive distributed lag (CS-ARDL) underscore the important roles of ENS and RWN on EQ, particularly on ECF; and ECI on CO2D. While EVT provides insignificant carbon emission reducing effects across all variants of EQ indicators, population and economic growth are all time-significant pollution enablers. (iii) The outcomes of the panel quantile regression demonstrate that ENS enhances EQ only at the 25th and 50th quantiles and accelerates pollution at the 75th and 95th quantiles. RWN enhances EQ across all quantiles while ECI deaccelerates ECF and CO2D and accelerates CCO2 across all quantiles. Furthermore, EVT accelerates ECF and CO2D while it deaccelerates CCO2 across all quantiles. Meanwhile, the unpleasant effects of growth and population are reemphasized. Policy strategies to ensure a sustainable environment in E7 have been highlighted.
The impact of heterogeneous environmental regulations on carbon neutrality in China: New evidence based on the spatial measurement model
Authors: Yang Yuanhua , Peng Zhongwen , Tang Dengli
Published: November 2022

Identifying the differentiated effects of different environmental regulations is the basis for promoting China's zero carbon emissions and carbon neutrality. We used Chinese provincial panel data from 2003 to 2017 to empirically test the impact of different environmental regulations on carbon neutrality through spatial measurement models. The highlights of the study are as follows: (1) Environmental regulations exert significant impact on carbon emissions, but different types of environmental regulations exert significantly different effect on carbon emissions. Public participation environmental regulation has a control effect on regional carbon emissions, while command-based and market-based environmental regulations had no significant effect on regional carbon neutrality. (2) The heterogeneity of the impact of different types of environmental regulations on carbon emissions can also be identified from the regional impacts heterogeneity and lags impact heterogeneity. (3) The combined mandatory and market-based environmental regulations and the combined mandatory and public-participatory environmental regulations significantly inhibited regional carbon neutrality.
The Role of Context for Theory Development: Evidence From Entrepreneurship Research on Russia
Authors: Shirokova Galina , Beliaeva Tatiana , Manolova Tatiana S.
Published: November 2022

To better understand the role of context for theory development in entrepreneurship, we build a theoretical framework which captures four aspects of the “theory to context” and “context to theory” interplay. We use the results from a literature review of entrepreneurship research on Russia published in leading journals over the past 30-year period to test our framework and show how contextualization enhances theoretical development in the entrepreneurship field and how context theorizing leads to the development of new theories. We propose ideas for the development of indigenous theory of Russian entrepreneurship based on the specificity of history and geography.
Rhabdomyosarcoma With FUS::TFCP2 Fusion in the Scalp: A Rare Case Report Depicting Round and Spindle cell Morphology
Authors: Ishiyama Takahiro , Kato Ikuma , Ito Junko , Matsumura Mai , Saito Keiju , Kawabata Yusuke , Kato Shingo , Takeyama Masanobu , Fujii Satoshi
Published: November 2022

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a nonepithelial malignant tumor that differentiates into immature skeletal muscle. It is currently classified into 4 main subtypes according to the WHO classification. However, based on clinicopathological and molecular findings, there has been an increasing number of cases that do not fit into any of these subtypes. TFCP2-rearranged RMS is a rare tumor with characteristic clinicopathological findings including a preference for the craniofacial bones, a spindle and epithelioid histomorphology, and positive immunohistochemistry for epithelial markers, ALK, and myogenic markers. In this report, we describe a rare case of RMS with FUS::TFCP2 fusion in the scalp of a 58-year-old man. Histologically, the tumor showed a biphasic pattern, with solid proliferation of round cells in the superficial areas and of spindle cells in the deep areas. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for pan keratin, myogenic markers (desmin, MYOD1, and myogenin), and ALK. Additionally, fluorescence in situ hybridization using a break-apart FUS probe revealed FUS rearrangement. RMS with FUS::TFCP2 fusion was suspected, and the fusion gene was finally confirmed by target fusion sequencing. We believe that detailed histological, immunohistochemical, and genetic findings were important for the diagnosis. The unique traits of this tumor were the biphasic histological appearance consisting of round and spindle cells and development in the skin and soft tissue.
Theories and Models: Anti-Racist, Culturally Competent Counselors for Black Gifted and Talented Students
Authors: Ford Donna Y. , Middleton Tanya J. , Hines Erik M. , Fletcher Edward C. , Moore James L.
Published: November 2022

This article focuses on what school-based mental health counselors need to know to be anti-racist and culturally responsive for Black students, while recognizing that many of the presented theories and frameworks have implications for other minoritized gifted and talented (GATE) students/clients. The authors provide an overview of the most promising works for guiding counselors (and all educators) in their efforts to effect meaningful, equity-driven changes, to disrupt prejudice and discrimination, and to be advocates and allies for Black clients/students.
Turning Lemons Into Lemonade: Technology Teaching Tips Learned During COVID-19
Authors: Siegle Del
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 caused widespread changes in how people worked. The education community was dramatically impacted. Teachers were forced to quickly pivot from teaching students in person on-campus to virtually online. Among the challenges educators faced were the inequity of technology access and unreliable internet options. The move to virtual instruction necessitated creative use of educators’ existing technology skills and development of new skills to teach with technology. Among the technologies that teachers continued to use once they returned to the in-person classroom were video conferencing, incorporating student interactions and feedback into visual presentations, and continuing to explore virtual learning experiences outside the classroom. Some educators’ experimentation during the pandemic with different technology options to guide self-directed student learning shows promise for developing gifted students’ talents and interests.
Mass spectrometric detection of ion pairs containing rigid copper clusters and weakly coordinating counter ions using liquid injection field desorption/ionisation
Authors: Taubert Julia , Vogt Matthias , Langer Robert
Published: November 2022

A comparative mass spectrometric investigation using electrospray ionisation (ESI) and liquid injection field desorption/ionisation (LIFDI) techniques is reported for the highly luminescent and cationic copper cluster [(PCP)[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]][Formula: see text] (1[Formula: see text], PCP = [1,3-(Ph[Formula: see text]P)[Formula: see text]C[Formula: see text]H[Formula: see text]][Formula: see text]). Depending on the available counter ion X[Formula: see text], ion pairs consisting of the original or a modified cluster cation and the weakly coordinating counter ion can be detected by LIFDI-high-resolution-mass spectrometry in addition to the cluster cation. Notably, only large counter ions with an extremely low tendency for metal coordination give rise to the observation of ion pairs, whereas smaller ions such as BF[Formula: see text] do not show peaks corresponding to ion pairs in their mass spectra. In principle, two pathways were identified for the formation of positively charged ion pairs: (i) association of a generated Cu[Formula: see text] ion to the neutral ion pair [(PCP)[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]]X (1+X, X[Formula: see text] = BAr[Formula: see text], BAr[Formula: see text]) and (ii) abstraction of an electron from the neutral ion pair [(PCP)[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]]X (1+X), leading to the oxidised ion pair [1+X][Formula: see text] (X[Formula: see text] = Al(OR[Formula: see text])[Formula: see text]).
Data Trafficking and the International Risks of Surveillance Capitalism: The Case of Grindr and China
Authors: Kokas Aynne
Published: November 2022

This article offers a framework to discuss when a community’s data is moved abroad without their informed consent, a practice I term data trafficking. I analyze Grindr, an LGBTQIA+ dating platform that has changed hands between China and the United States to demonstrate what data trafficking is, how it undermines national sovereignty, and how it erodes human rights. In the United States, corporate policies are the leading indicator for data governance practices, influencing a system known as multi-stakeholderism. In China, forced localization to government servers drives data governance practices. This article extends how we think about transnational consumer data security by examining how weak data security designed to support the growth of Silicon Valley firms amplifies the capacity of extra-territorial data governance practices asserted by the Chinese government.
Quelling the Area Tempesta: Removal of the Piriform Cortex Improves the Outcomes of Surgery for Temporal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Milligan Tracey A.
Published: November 2022

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Clinical analysis of diagnosis and treatment of necrotizing fasciitis
Authors: Yu Xiaoping , Guo Zheng , Zhang Miaomiao , Fu Qianqian , Zhou Junli
Published: November 2022

It is difficult to diagnose necrotizing fasciitis early. In addition, untimely or incorrect treatment worsens the disease, which may then develop into severe necrotizing fasciitis. A retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 35 patients with severe necrotizing fasciitis admitted to the Burn Department of Gansu Provincial Hospital from 1 January 2015, to 1 January 2020, and the etiology, causes and diagnosis of their aggravated conditions was performed. Thirty cases were directly or indirectly related to trauma, 4 cases were pressure sores caused by long-term paraplegia, and 1 case was from mosquito bites on the left side of the chest. The preliminary diagnosis of 24 patients was unclear, and these cases were misdiagnosed as cellulitis or skin infections; 11 patients were diagnosed at the early stage, but due to the incorrect treatment or failure of timely treatment, their condition was further aggravated and developed into critical necrotizing fasciitis. 1. The diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis mainly depends on clinical manifestations, and early diagnosis is key; 2. When the patient has local trauma accompanied by local inflammation, fever or hypothermia, necrotizing fasciitis should be highly suspected, and a differential diagnosis should be made between necrotizing fasciitis and cellulitis. The affected tissue should be thoroughly debrided and drained to avoid necrosis spreading to the distal limb along the fascial space. 3. Necrotizing fasciitis should be treated with systemic comprehensive treatment, rational use of antibiotics, correction of water and electrolyte disturbance, early active and thorough debridement and effective wound closure.
Risk-based maintenance optimization of aircraft gas turbine engine component
Authors: Lee Dooyoul , Kwon Hyeok-Jun , Choi Kyunghwan
Published: November 2022

The integrity of an aircraft gas turbine engine is critical for safety of flight. Although the reliability of engines has improved considerably, a large number of legacy engines continue to operate. The maintenance of legacy engines is a major burden for their operators owing to the high cost involved, and the engines pose a high risk to flight safety. In this study, we developed a comprehensive approach for risk-based maintenance optimization of aircraft engine components. The approach involved the use of a physics-informed data-driven model incorporated with the Weibayes model and a simple fatigue crack growth model. The crack length distribution and corresponding risks were evaluated using Bayesian updating and knowledge of nondestructive inspection reliability. The model was used for the computation of the fatigue reliability of the first-stage blisk of a CT7-9C turboprop engine. A single failure was used for the Weibayes analysis, and a master crack growth curve was obtained through quantitative-fractography-based crack growth analysis. Furthermore, an inspection model based on the evaluation of field inspectors was used to obtain the posterior crack length distribution, and through a sensitivity analysis, important factors were identified. Finally, optimal inspection and replacement plans were formulated using approximated objective and constraint functions. In particular, the life-cycle cost was minimized while maintaining the risks within strict limits.
Comparison of Surgical Decompression and Steroid Therapy for the Management of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pandey Sameer , Reddy Gosla S. , Chug Ashi , Dixit Ashutosh , Raja Balgovind S.
Published: November 2022

Study Design

A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective

Treatment of traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) has been a subject of debate for many decades due to the scarcity of evidence-based treatment protocols. This review compares surgical decompression (SD) and steroid therapy (ST) as treatment approaches in TON patients.

Methods

A PRISMA-guided systematic review using PubMed, Embase, Ovid and Scopus databases was performed till the last search date of July 31st 2021. The outcome of interest was an improvement in visual acuity. A meta-analysis of the odds ratio was performed using a random-effect model and sub-group analysis based upon criteria for assessment of improvement in visual acuity.

Results

Sixteen studies (including 1046 patients) were included in the review. The review could identify 590 patients treated with SD and 456 treated with ST. In addition, there was a second cohort of patients presenting with NLP (no light perception). A meta-analysis with a sub-group analysis revealed that there was statistically no significant difference between the two treatment approaches in terms of improvement in VA.

Conclusions

There is no difference in treatment results of SD or ST for TON. Several treatment protocols and different criteria for assessing visual acuity led to difficulty in generating evidence for selecting the correct treatment approach.
Patients experiences of their relationships with relatives and their collaboration with nurses during contact in non-COVID-19 hospital wards – A qualitative study
Authors: Pedersen Birgith , Lerbæk Birgitte , Jørgensen Lone , Haslund-Thomsen Helle , Thorup Charlotte Brun , Albrechtsen Maja Thomsen , Jacobsen Sara , Nielsen Marie Germund , Kusk Kathrine Hoffmann , Laugesen Britt , Voldbjerg Siri Lygum , Grønkjær Mette , Bundgaard Karin
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 restrictions prevented relatives from visiting and accompanying patients to hospital and required that nurses wore personal protective equipment. These changes affected patients’ relationships with relatives and challenged their ability to connect with nurses. Individual, semi-structured interviews with 15 patients were carried out to explore patients’ experiences of their relationships with relatives and their collaboration with nurses during in- and outpatient contacts in non-COVID-19 hospital wards. The analysis of data was guided by phenomenological hermeneutic frame of reference and the study was reported according to the COREQ checklist. The findings illustrated that patients felt lonely and insecure when separated from relatives, caught between relatives and professionals during information exchange, and experienced the absence of relatives as both beneficial and burdening. Visitor restrictions provided patients with time to heal but prevented provision of informal care. Patients had to take responsibility for maintaining contact with relatives independent of their health condition. COVID-19 restrictions created distance with nurses, which potentially led to insufficient physical and psychosocial care.
Current Gender Diversity and Geographic Trends Among Orthopaedic Sports Medicine Surgeons in the United States
Authors: Kocjan Kristine , Safavi Kiya Shazadeh , Flaherty Brett , Rezvani Aryan , Jupiter Daniel C. , Janney Cory F. , Smith Jennifer L.
Published: November 2022

Background:

Female representation varies geographically among orthopaedic residency programs, with the southern region of the United States reported as having relatively lower rates of female orthopaedic surgeons.

Purpose:

To determine the gender and geographic distributions of US-based orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons and analyze geographic patterns between their training locations and present-day practices.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Methods:

American Orthopedic Society of Sports Medicine (AOSSM) fellowship completion data from the 2016-2021 academic years were analyzed with regard to gender and fellowship location. Medical school, residency, and current practice locations were obtained via internet searches for all individuals identified within the databases. Locations were categorized into regions based on the US Census Bureau definitions. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the data.

Results:

A total of 1268 sports orthopaedic surgeons who graduated fellowship from 2016 to 2021 were analyzed: 141 (11%) were female and 1127 (89%) were male. The percentage of female sports medicine surgeons in fellowship remained constant (11%-12%) from 2016 to 2021. On average, the annual percentage of female orthopaedic sports medicine fellows was 7.2% in the South, 10.4% in the West, 14.2% in the Midwest, and 14.7% in the Northeast. Based on the orthopaedic sports medicine fellowship graduates from 2016 to 2021, the mean percentage of current female orthopaedic sports medicine surgeons in practice was 7.4% in the South, 11.7% in the Northeast, 12.8% in the Midwest, and 14.4% in the West.

Conclusion:

Approximately 11% of our sample was female; however, this percentage varied heavily by region, with the southern region having significantly lower rates of gender diversity.
Intersectional Wealth Gaps: Contemporary and Historical Trends in Wealth Stratification among Single Households by Race and Gender
Authors: Valentino Lauren , Yadon Nicole
Published: November 2022

Wealth disparities represent one of the starkest measures of contemporary inequality in the US. While many studies have examined stratification in wealth between ethnoracial groups, and to a lesser extent between genders, scholars have paid little attention to the combination of race- and gender-based wealth gaps. We take a first step toward examining wealth gaps through an intersectional lens by examining data from single households in eleven waves of the Survey of Consumer Finances covering the period 1989–2019. Our key findings are (1) although Whites overall have higher wealth than other races and men have higher wealth than women, wealth gaps are most pronounced for groups who are doubly marginalized—Hispanic women and Black women—consistent with the non-additive tenet of intersectionality theory; (2) intersectional gaps in wealth are much larger in magnitude than intersectional gaps in income; and (3) these gaps have remained remarkably stable over the past three decades, with little sign of equalizing. We argue that accurately describing intersectional wealth gaps is a crucial step toward understanding how wealth stratification operates, as well as its implications. We conclude by discussing the need for better data and measurement to identify the causes and consequences of intersectional wealth gaps.
Road infrastructures, spatial surroundings, and the demand and route choices for cycling: Evidence from a GPS-based mode detection study from Oslo, Norway
Authors: de Jong Tineke , Böcker Lars , Weber Christian
Published: November 2022

To achieve a higher cycling uptake, it is essential for planners to know what kind of cycling infrastructure to plan and where, that is, through which types of urban environments. In this paper, we provide a deeper understanding of cycling demand and cycling route choices and infer insights into cyclists’ latent preferences and dispreferences concerning both infrastructure attributes and the spatial characteristics of route surroundings. Hereto, this study has collected, map-matched, geovisualized, and examined a unique GPS-based database with over 25,915 cycling trips in Oslo, Norway. Our findings reveal that cyclists substantially deviate from shortest paths, covering 59% more distance on average. Higher cycling frequencies, both in absolute terms and relative to shortest-path-expected-values, can be found on route sections that have some form of cycling infrastructure, especially those having segregated bicycle highways and bike roads. We also find higher demand and route choices for flatter and water-facing routes, as well as routes less disrupted by crossings and away from highway environments. In contrast, routes surrounded by green space or high population density, despite having high demand in absolute terms, are cycled less than expected based on shortest paths. The paper concludes by reflecting on the significance, limitations, and implications of our findings and novel methodological approaches for the bicycle route choice theory and practice moving forward.
Piccoliite, NaCaMn3+2(AsO4)2O(OH), a new arsenate from the manganese deposits of Montaldo di Mondovì and Valletta, Piedmont, Italy
Authors: Cámara Fernando , Biagioni Cristian , Ciriotti Marco E. , Bosi Ferdinando , Kolitsch Uwe , Paar Werner H. , Hålenius Ulf , Lepore Giovanni O. , Blass Günter , Bittarello Erica
Published: November 2022

Piccoliite, ideally NaCaMn3+2(AsO4)2O(OH), is a new mineral discovered in the Fe–Mn ore hosted in metaquartzites of the Montaldo di Mondovì mine, Corsaglia Valley, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy. It occurs as small and rare black crystals and aggregates hosted by a matrix of quartz, associated with calcite and berzeliite/manganberzeliite. It has been also found in the Valletta mine near Canosio, Maira Valley, Cuneo Province, Piedmont, Italy, where it occurs embedded in quartz associated with grandaite, hematite, tilasite/adelite and rarely thorianite. The mineral is opaque (thin splinters may be very dark red), with brown streak and has a resinous to vitreous lustre. It is brittle with irregular fracture. No cleavage has been observed. The measured Mohs hardness is ~5–5.5. Piccoliite is non fluorescent. The calculated density is 4.08 g⋅cm–3. Chemical spot analyses by electron microprobe analysis using wavelength dispersive spectroscopy resulted in the empirical formula (based on 10 anions per formula unit) (Na0.64Ca0.35)Σ0.99(Ca0.75Na0.24)Σ0.99(Mn3+1.08Fe3+0.59Mg0.20Ca0.10)Σ1.97(As2.03V0.03Si0.01)Σ2.07O9(OH) and (Na0.53Ca0.47)Σ1.00(Ca0.76Na0.23Sr0.01)Σ1.00(Mn3+0.63Fe3+0.49Mg0.48Mn4+0.34Ca0.06)Σ2.00(As1.97P0.01Si0.01)Σ1.99O9(OH) for the Montaldo di Mondovì and Valletta samples, respectively. The mineral is orthorhombic, Pbcm, with single-crystal unit-cell parameters a = 8.8761(9), b = 7.5190(8), c = 11.689(1) Å and V = 780.1(1) Å3 (Montaldo di Mondovì sample) and a = 8.8889(2), b = 7.5269(1), c = 11.6795(2) Å, V = 781.43(2) Å3 (Valletta sample) with Z = 4. The seven strongest powder X-ray diffraction lines for the sample from Montaldo di Mondovì are [d Å (Irel; hkl)]: 4.85 (57; 102), 3.470 (59; 120, 113), 3.167 (100; 022), 2.742 (30; 310, 213), 2.683 (53; 311, 023), 2.580 (50; 222, 114) and 2.325 (19; 320, 214, 223). The crystal structure (R1 = 0.0250 for 1554 unique reflections for the Montaldo di Mondovì sample and 0.0260 for 3242 unique reflections for the Valletta sample) has MnO5(OH) octahedra forming edge-shared dimers; these dimers are connected through corner-sharing, forming two-up-two-down [[6]M2([4]TO4)4φ2] chains [M = Mn; T = As; φ = O(OH)] running along [001]. These chains are bonded in the a and b directions by sharing corners with AsO4 tetrahedra, giving rise to a framework of tetrahedra and octahedra hosting seven-coordinated Ca2+ and Na+ cations. The crystal structure of piccoliite is closely related to that of pilawite-(Y) as well as to carminite-group minerals that also show the same type of chains but with different linkage. The mineral is named after the mineral collectors Gian Paolo Piccoli and Gian Carlo Piccoli (father and son) (1926–1996 and b. 1953, respectively), the latter having discovered the type material at the Montaldo di Mondovì mine.
Comparison and validation of the 2022 European LeukemiaNet guidelines in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lachowiez Curtis A. , Long Nicola , Saultz Jennifer , Gandhi Arpita , Newell Laura F. , Hayes-Lattin Brandon , Maziarz Richard T. , Leonard Jessica , Bottomly Daniel , McWeeney Shannon , Dunlap Jennifer , Press Richard , Meyers Gabrielle , Swords Ronan , Cook Rachel J. , Tyner Jeffrey W. , Druker Brian J. , Traer Elie
Published: November 2022

Risk stratification in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains principle in survival prognostication and treatment selection. The 2022 European LeukemiaNet (ELN) recommendations were recently published, with notable updates to risk group assignment. The complexity of risk stratification and comparative outcomes between the 2022 and 2017 ELN guidelines remains unknown. This comparative analysis evaluated outcomes between the 2017 and 2022 ELN criteria in patients enrolled within the multicenter Beat AML cohort. Five hundred thirteen patients were included. Most patients had 1 or 2 ELN risk–defining abnormalities. In patients with ≥2 ELN risk–defining mutations, 44% (n = 132) had mutations spanning multiple ELN risk categories. Compared with ELN 2017 criteria, the updated ELN 2022 guidelines changed the assigned risk group in 15% of patients, including 10%, 26%, and 6% of patients categorized as being at ELN 2017 favorable–, intermediate–, and adverse–risk, respectively. The median overall survival across ELN 2022 favorable–, intermediate–, and adverse–risk groups was not reached, 16.8, and 9.7 months, respectively. The ELN 2022 guidelines more accurately stratified survival between patients with intermediate- or adverse-risk AML treated with induction chemotherapy compared with ELN 2017 guidelines. The updated ELN 2022 guidelines better stratify survival between patients with intermediate- or adverse-risk AML treated with induction chemotherapy. The increased complexity of risk stratification with inclusion of additional cytogenetic and molecular aberrations necessitates clinical workflows simplifying risk stratification.
Deep learning and multi-omics approach to predict drug responses in cancer
Authors: Wang Conghao , Lye Xintong , Kaalia Rama , Kumar Parvin , Rajapakse Jagath C.
Published: November 2022

Background

Cancers are genetically heterogeneous, so anticancer drugs show varying degrees of effectiveness on patients due to their differing genetic profiles. Knowing patient’s responses to numerous cancer drugs are needed for personalized treatment for cancer. By using molecular profiles of cancer cell lines available from Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia (CCLE) and anticancer drug responses available in the Genomics of Drug Sensitivity in Cancer (GDSC), we will build computational models to predict anticancer drug responses from molecular features.

Results

We propose a novel deep neural network model that integrates multi-omics data available as gene expressions, copy number variations, gene mutations, reverse phase protein array expressions, and metabolomics expressions, in order to predict cellular responses to known anti-cancer drugs. We employ a novel graph embedding layer that incorporates interactome data as prior information for prediction. Moreover, we propose a novel attention layer that effectively combines different omics features, taking their interactions into account. The network outperformed feedforward neural networks and reported 0.90 for $$R^2$$

R
2

values for prediction of drug responses from cancer cell lines data available in CCLE and GDSC.

Conclusion

The outstanding results of our experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of capturing the interactions of genes and proteins, and integrating multi-omics features effectively. Furthermore, both the results of ablation studies and the investigations of the attention layer imply that gene mutation has a greater influence on the prediction of drug responses than other omics data types. Therefore, we conclude that our approach can not only predict the anti-cancer drug response precisely but also provides insights into reaction mechanisms of cancer cell lines and drugs as well.
Early effects of gene duplication on the robustness and phenotypic variability of gene regulatory networks
Authors: Posadas-García Yuridia S. , Espinosa-Soto Carlos
Published: November 2022

Background

Research on gene duplication is abundant and comes from a wide range of approaches, from high-throughput analyses and experimental evolution to bioinformatics and theoretical models. Notwithstanding, a consensus is still lacking regarding evolutionary mechanisms involved in evolution through gene duplication as well as the conditions that affect them. We argue that a better understanding of evolution through gene duplication requires considering explicitly that genes do not act in isolation. It demands studying how the perturbation that gene duplication implies percolates through the web of gene interactions. Due to evolution’s contingent nature, the paths that lead to the final fate of duplicates must depend strongly on the early stages of gene duplication, before gene copies have accumulated distinctive changes.

Methods

Here we use a widely-known model of gene regulatory networks to study how gene duplication affects network behavior in early stages. Such networks comprise sets of genes that cross-regulate. They organize gene activity creating the gene expression patterns that give cells their phenotypic properties. We focus on how duplication affects two evolutionarily relevant properties of gene regulatory networks: mitigation of the effect of new mutations and access to new phenotypic variants through mutation.

Results

Among other observations, we find that those networks that are better at maintaining the original phenotype after duplication are usually also better at buffering the effect of single interaction mutations and that duplication tends to enhance further this ability. Moreover, the effect of mutations after duplication depends on both the kind of mutation and genes involved in it. We also found that those phenotypes that had easier access through mutation before duplication had higher chances of remaining accessible through new mutations after duplication.

Conclusion

Our results support that gene duplication often mitigates the impact of new mutations and that this effect is not merely due to changes in the number of genes. The work that we put forward helps to identify conditions under which gene duplication may enhance evolvability and robustness to mutations.
MiRNA-374b-5p and miRNA-106a-5p are related to inflammatory bowel disease via regulating IL-10 and STAT3 signaling pathways
Authors: Li Dongjie , Liu Liyuan , Du Xiancai , Ma Wen , Zhang Jing , Piao Wenhua
Published: November 2022

Background

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is one of the most frequent gastrointestinal disorders worldwide. Although the actual etiology of IBD remains unclear, growing evidence suggests that CD4+ T cells-associated cytokines, including interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-17A, are crucial for the occurrence of IBD. It has been reported that there is a positive association between miRNAs and IBD development. In this study, we investigated the roles of hsa-miRNA-374b-5p(miRNA-374b-5p) and hsa-miRNA-106a-5p(miRNA-106a-5p) in regulating IBD development.

Methods

Serum was obtained from vein blood of IBD patients and healthy controls, qRT-PCR was performed to study the expression of miRNA-374b-5p and miRNA-106a-5p. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of overexpression or inhibition of miRNA-374b-5p on naïve CD4 + T cell subsets differentiation from vein blood of healthy controls by RT-qPCR, flow cytometry and western blot. And more the prediction and confirmation of the targeting genes of miRNA-374b-5p and miRNA-106a-5p were performed by bioinformatics softwares and dual-luciferase reporter assay.

Results

The results showed that miRNA-106a-5p and miRNA-374b-5p were significantly overexpressed in IBD patients. MiRNA-374b-5p could enhance Th1/Th17 cell differentiation and was related to IBD pathogenesis. MiRNA-374b-5p overexpression induced the mRNA expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ, and suppressed that of IL-10 in T cells. MiRNA-374b-5p inhibition decreased the mRNA expression of IL-17A and IFN-γ, while upregulated that of IL-10 in T cells. These qPCR data were further verified at protein level by western blotting and flow cytometry. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter (DLR) assay indicated that miRNA-374b-5p was directly targeted by IL-10, a key anti-inflammatory cytokine for preventing the occurrence of IBD. Meanwhile, STAT3 was identified as a target gene of miRNA-106a-5p by DLR assays. Further analysis revealed that miRNA-374b-5p regulated JAK1 and STAT3 pathways in CD4+ T cells via IL-10/STAT3 axis. MiRNA-374b-5p overexpression remarkably decreased the mRNA expression and phosphorylated (ser-727) protein levels of STAT3, while miRNA-374b-5p inhibition had the opposite effects.

Conclusion

MiRNA-374b-5p and miRNA-106a-5p may contribute to IBD development by regulating IL-10/STAT3 signal transduction.
Global and national trends in years of life lost and years lived with disability caused by three common gastrointestinal cancers from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Yu Danfeng , Ou Zejin , Zhang Wenni , He Huan , Li Yongzhi , He Wenqiao , Zhang Minyi , Gao Yuhan , Wu Fei , Chen Qing
Published: November 2022

Background

Gastrointestinal cancers are a critical global cancer burden, and tracking their trends would inform the health policies.

Methods

Trends of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) caused by three common gastrointestinal cancers were estimated using annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR). Data was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study 2019.

Results

The ASR per 100,000 population-year of YLLs caused by esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and colorectal cancer were 137.98, 264.15, and 282.51 in 2019, respectively. Their overall trends of YLLs declined during 1990–2019, with the respective EAPCs being − 1.42 (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: − 1.71 to − 1.13), − 2.13 (95%CI: − 2.29 to − 1.96), and − 0.25 (95%CI: − 0.30 to − 0.19). Meanwhile, decreasing trends of YLDs caused by esophageal cancer and stomach cancer were observed, in which the EAPCs were − 0.67 (95%: − 0.94 to − 0.40) and − 0.85 (95%CI: − 0.97 to − 0.73), respectively. However, an increasing trend was seen in that of colorectal cancer (EAPC = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.77 to 0.89). Among countries, the largest decrease in trend of YLLs was that of stomacher cancer in the Republic of Korea (EAPC =  − 5.88, 95%CI: − 6.07 to − 5.69). However, pronounced increasing trend of YLDs caused by colorectal cancer occurred in China (EAPC = 4.40, 95%CI: 4.07 to 4.72).

Conclusions

Decreasing trends in YLLs and YLDs caused by esophageal cancer, stomach cancer, and colorectal cancer were observed in most countries and regions, indicating that the great progress had been achieved over the past decades. However, the cancer burden was geographical heterogeneity, and cost-effective measures were still required to decline the burden caused by gastrointestinal cancers.