bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Speed Curving Performance of Rail Vehicles
Authors: Marquis Brian , Greif Robert
Published: June 2015

On March 13, 2013, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) published a final rule titled “Vehicle/Track Interaction Safety Standards; High-Speed and High Cant Deficiency Operations” which amended the Track Safety Standards (49 CFR Part213) and the Passenger Equipment Safety Standards (49 CFR Part 238) in order to promote VTI safety under a variety of conditions at speeds up to 220 mph [1]. Among its main accomplishments, the final rule facilitates the expansion of higher speed passenger rail by revising the standards governing permissible operating speed in curves, allowing for higher cant deficiencies in all FRA Track Classes. To ensure safety is not diminished, the FRA Track Safety Standards require railroads to maintain their tracks to stricter track geometry standards whenever they operate at these higher curving speeds and cant deficiencies. These revisions were based on studies that examined the dynamic curving performance of various representative rail vehicles.

This research investigates the steady-state curving performance of truck designs while traversing curves at various curving speeds and cant deficiencies. During steady-state curve negotiation, the axles of trucks generally offset laterally from the track centerline and develop angles of attack increasing the wheel-rail contact forces. Large lateral forces can develop, particularly in flange contact, resulting in increased wheel and rail wear, track panel shift, and the risk of derailment. Depending on the truck design, such forces become larger at higher cant deficiency. An understanding of the steady-state response of a rail vehicle in a curve is essential as it represents a significant part of the total dynamic response.

The curving performance of an idealized rigid truck is analyzed using nonlinear analytical methods for a wide range of operating speeds and unbalance conditions. Emphasis is placed on higher speed curving and the results are used to interpret trends observed during recent field testing with Amtrak’s Acela High-Speed Trainset on the Northeast Corridor.
Combining Track Quality and Performance Measures to Assess Track Maintenance Requirements
Authors: Roghani Alireza , Macciotta Renato , Hendry Michael
Published: June 2015

The serviceability of a section of railway highly depends on track stiffness and roughness. Railway operators regularly measure parameters associated with track stiffness and roughness to evaluate the track conditions. These measures are used in combination with performance observations to assess maintenance requirements. Although these assessments are mostly qualitative, railway operations have benefited from them. Railway operators keep comprehensive records of different types of track defects along their lines. These records are a measure of track performance and present an opportunity to quantify the relationship between track quality and performance. This brings the possibility of developing a performance-based approach for assessing the maintenance requirement along a railway track.

In this paper, a database of track geometry defects along Canadian National Railway’s Lac la Biche subdivision (Alberta) has been compared against measured parameters associated with track roughness and stiffness. The analyses confirm the relationship between track stiffness and roughness, and the occurrence of track defects. This relationship is further used to define threshold values of track roughness and stiffness, and a hazard chart for maintenance requirements along the Lac la Biche subdivision is proposed.
An HCPN Pattern for Railway Safety Critical Scenarios Formal Modeling
Authors: Boudi Zakaryae , El Koursi El Miloudi , Collart-Dutilleul Simon
Published: June 2015

Analyzing railway critical scenarios usually involves a large team of diverse railway abilities and skills. This paper presents a formal modeling pattern for Hierarchical Colored Petri Nets (HCPN) in modeling railway safety critical scenarios. Indeed, under the French project called “PERFECT”, our long-term objective is to formalize and automate a significant part of railway scenarios modeling. The purpose of this contribution is to bring a first proposition of a standardized modeling way able to deal with the models complexity resulting from the various modeling capabilities for railway scenarios. In fact, HCPN modeling freedom is preventing from accurate information aggregation and a beneficial use of those models in an overall safety analysis. The proposed pattern is based on modular High Level Petri Nets and consists in describing all the railway scenario episodes while incorporating most relevant safety components of the system, such as safety regulation procedures, interlocking and even human involvement, enabling a larger gathering of information and allowing the study of diverse issues in a same global model. This work intends to bring a concrete and reusable HCPN pattern for modeling in order to facilitate studies of accidental scenarios considering automatic mechanisms and human tasks. A concrete application of the pattern was made for the real accidental scenario of “Saint Romain en Gier”.
Advances on IPM Traction Motor Drives for Passenger Cars and High Speed Railway Trains
Authors: Rahman Md. A.
Published: June 2015

The past 30 years have been an exciting period with tremendous advances in the development of interior permanent magnet (IPM) electrical machines. Over this period, the interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSM) have expanded their presence in the automotive marketplace of high-efficiency electric traction drives for the latest generation of hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) including high speed trains. Closer examination reveals that several different knowledge-based technological advancements and market forces have combined to accelerate the development of the impressive IPM drives technology. The purpose of this paper is to provide a short statement on impacts of the various factors that lead to the current state-of-the-art of IPM motor technology. This paper illustrates the application success of IPM technology for HEV traction drives and rail transportation system including cost and reliability.
The Effect of Soft Sub Grade on Train Ride Quality
Authors: Gao Yin , Stigers Shelby , Huang Hai
Published: June 2015

Train ride quality plays an important role in train operation. In this paper, the aim is to explore the train ride quality when trains run on soft sub grade at different speeds especially critical conditions and operation safety on the sub grades with different properties. The responses of track and vehicle such as lateral wheel-rail force (L/V ratio), acceleration of vehicle are studied in this research. It is important to note that a critical condition is when train runs on soft sub grade. In this case, the critical speed effect will occur and resonance between vehicle and track could rise up the vibration level which could cause derailment and bad riding experience. In order to measure the track and vehicle responses, it should combine a detailed vehicle model and a track dynamic model. However, most commercial modeling programs do not have the ability to combine both detailed vehicle and track models. In this research, by integrating a computer program with a 2-D track model to a commercial vehicle dynamic program, the responses of vehicle and track can be calculated at the same time. Conclusions and findings will be illustrated in this paper.
Modeling the Behavior of Pre-Stressed Concrete Railroad Ties
Authors: Haynes Mark D. , Wu Chih-Hang John , Bodapati Naga Narendra B. , Beck B. Terry , Peterman Robert J.
Published: June 2015

Early failure of pre-stressed concrete railroad ties in the field is a costly occurrence with modern ties. A key predictor of the performance of a pre-stressed concrete cross tie is the transfer length. Assuring that the transfer length is less than the position of the rail seat is necessary to establish the full pre-stressing force at the load point of the concrete tie.

Models have been developed based upon empirical data to predict the transfer length of concrete members given key design parameters. Given the release strength and design geometry of the reinforcement steel, accurate predictions can be made as to what the anticipated transfer length will be. The geometry of the indented profile in pre-stressing steel has been found to be critical for minimizing the fracture propensity of the concrete member and reducing the overall transfer length. Edge wall angles of the reinforcement wire indents have been shown within this study to have a critical influence on the fracture propensity of the concrete medium. Steel produced with too shallow or too steep indent edge wall angles generate excessive internal forces rupturing the concrete.

By modeling the behavior of the transfer length in concrete members, the design and production tolerances can be better controlled increasing the life expectancy of concrete ties. This results in decreased costs for the rail infrastructure and greater uptime of tracks utilizing pre-stressed concrete railroad ties. By improving the overall design of concrete members and by improving the quality control tests used during production a longer lasting and lower cost product may be achieved.
Effect of Prestressing Wire Indentation Type on the Development Length and Flexural Capacity of Pretensioned Concrete Crossties
Authors: Momeni Amir Farid , Peterman Robert J. , Beck B. Terry , Wu Chih-Hang John , Bodapati Naga Narendra B.
Published: June 2015

Load tests were conducted on pretensioned concrete prisms cast with 13 different 5.32-mm-diameter prestressing wire types that are used in the manufacture of pretensioned concrete railroad ties worldwide. The tests were specifically designed to evaluate the development length and bonding performance of these different reinforcements. The prestressing wires were denoted “WA” through “WM” and indentation types included smooth, spiral, chevron, diamond, and 2-dot and 4-dot. Four wires were embedded into each concrete prism, which had a 3.5″ (88.9 mm) × 3.5″ (88.9 mm) square cross section. The wires were initially tensioned to 7000 pounds (31.14 KN) and gradually de-tensioned when the concrete compressive strength reached 4500 psi (31.03 Mpa). A consistent concrete mixture with type III cement, water-cement ratio of 0.32 and a 6-in. slump was used for all prisms.

Prisms were tested in 3-point-bending at different spans to obtain estimations of the development length of each type of reinforcement. Two identical 69-in.-long (175.26 cm) prisms were load tested, at both ends, for each reinforcement type evaluated. First prisms were tested at 20-in. (50.8 cm) from one end and 13-in. (33.02 cm) from the other end, whereas the second prisms were loaded at 16.5-in. (41.9 cm) from one end and 9.5-in. (24.13 cm) from the other end. Thus, a total of 52 load tests (13 wire types × 4 tests each) were conducted in this study.

During each test, a concentrate load with the rate of 300 lb/min (1334 N/min) was applied at mid-span until failure occurred, and values of load, mid-span deflection, and wire end-slip were continuously monitored and recorded. Plots of load-vs-deflection were then compared for prisms with each wire type and span, and the maximum sustained moment was also calculated for each test. The load tests revealed that there is a very large difference in the development length of the different wire types currently used in the manufacture of pretensioned concrete railroad ties. The results imply that there would also likely be large differences in the reserve capacity (beyond first cracking) for pretensioned concrete crossties fabricated with these different reinforcements.
Investigation of Parameters Influencing Hunting Performance of a Railway Vehicle With Three-Piece Trucks
Authors: Taheri Mehdi , Ahmadian Mehdi
Published: June 2015

This study uses a nonlinear multibody dynamics model of a railway vehicle with three-piece trucks to perform a parametric study on a wide range of parameters influencing the performance of the truck on tangent track. One of the major disadvantages of the three-piece truck is that its performance can be greatly influenced due to worn parts or contaminants on friction surfaces, such as the friction wedge. The influence of worn parts is modeled as increased gap between bodies, using dead-band springs. The influence of environmental contamination is modeled as change in coefficients of friction. Lateral accelerations, measured at the center of gravity of the leading axle of the leading truck (Axle 1) are used for the hunting performance of the vehicle. For the baseline case, an eigenvalue analysis of a linearized model is used to evaluate the effect of speed on damping ratio and lateral motion frequency. A comparison of the linear model and non-linear time series analysis show that the linear model is less conservative, in that it predicts that the onset of hunting occurs at higher speeds.

The results indicate a direct relationship between various coefficients of friction and hunting velocity of the rail vehicle. Increasing the gap between the pedestal legs and bearing housing does not influence hunting velocity, but reduces lateral acceleration magnitudes during hunting. The weights of the carbody and cargo also has a direct relationships with hunting velocity, meaning that hunting occurs at lower speeds for unloaded car and at higher speeds for a loaded car.
Passenger Rail in Indiana: From Our Past to Our Future
Authors: Pyrialakou V. Dimitra , Gkritza Konstantina
Published: June 2015

The Midwest railroad network connected almost every major city by 1860, accounting for 36% of the United States (U.S.) railroad network mileage. Indiana became famous for the first Union Station in the world, as well as for one of the most developed and luxurious interurban rail system in the U.S. The twentieth century drastically transformed the picture, endowing the country with well-developed and world class highway and aviation networks, but leaving Indiana with a limited passenger rail network.

Today, the Hoosier State line, which operates between Indianapolis, Indiana and Chicago, Illinois, is in danger of elimination. As of October 2013, the State of Indiana, local communities, and Amtrak reached an agreement to support the Hoosier State line, an agreement recently extended through January 2015. Amtrak is hesitant to support the corridor, doubting its economic viability. In response, the Indiana Department of Transportation (DOT) was the first nationally to announce a Request for Proposals (1404s1) under the Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act in order to obtain competitive bids for the operation of the Hoosier State line.

Recent studies suggest that the improvement and enhancement of the Midwest regional rail system to allow higher speeds has the potential to significantly benefit the area. The route from Chicago to Cincinnati via Indianapolis is a strong candidate among the possible routes in the Midwest, and within the second tier nationwide. Studies also suggest that such an upgrade can return great user benefits, reduce travel times, and bring significant regional economic benefits supporting the creation of new permanent jobs in Indiana.

This paper presents the chronicle of passenger rail transportation in the U.S., Midwest, and Indiana in particular, from the early 1830s to the recent attempts of the State of Indiana to sustain the Hoosier line. This paper also investigates the effect of the community’s support on Indiana’s passenger rail evolution, as well as the potential of “higher” speed rail in the state.
Conformational Change Observed in the Active Site of Class C β-Lactamase MOX-1 upon Binding to Aztreonam
Authors: Oguri Takuma , Ishii Yoshikazu , Shimizu-Ibuka Akiko
Published: June 2015

We solved the crystal structure of the class C β-lactamase MOX-1 complexed with the inhibitor aztreonam at 1.9Å resolution. The main-chain oxygen of Ser315 interacts with the amide nitrogen of aztreonam. Surprisingly, compared to that in the structure of free MOX-1, this main-chain carboxyl changes its position significantly upon binding to aztreonam. This result indicates that the interaction between MOX-1 and β-lactams can be accompanied by conformational changes in the B3 β-strand main chain.
The RNA Helicase DeaD Stimulates ExsA Translation To Promote Expression of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Type III Secretion System
Authors: Intile Peter J. , Balzer Grant J. , Wolfgang Matthew C. , Yahr Timothy L.
Published: June 2015

The
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
type III secretion system (T3SS) is a primary virulence factor important for phagocytic avoidance, disruption of host cell signaling, and host cell cytotoxicity. ExsA is the master regulator of T3SS transcription. The expression, synthesis, and activity of ExsA is tightly regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic regulation consists of the well-characterized ExsECDA partner-switching cascade, while extrinsic factors include global regulators that alter
exsA
transcription and/or translation. To identify novel extrinsic regulators of ExsA, we conducted a transposon mutagenesis screen in the absence of intrinsic control. Transposon disruptions within gene PA2840, which encodes a homolog of the
Escherichia coli
RNA-helicase DeaD, significantly reduced T3SS gene expression. Recent studies indicate that
E. coli
DeaD can promote translation by relieving inhibitory secondary structures within target mRNAs. We report here that PA2840, renamed DeaD, stimulates ExsA synthesis at the posttranscriptional level. Genetic experiments demonstrate that the activity of an
exsA
translational fusion is reduced in a
deaD
mutant. In addition,
exsA
expression in
trans
fails to restore T3SS gene expression in a
deaD
mutant. We hypothesized that DeaD relaxes mRNA secondary structure to promote
exsA
translation and found that altering the mRNA sequence of
exsA
or the native
exsA
Shine-Dalgarno sequence relieved the requirement for DeaD
in vivo
. Finally, we show that purified DeaD promotes ExsA synthesis using
in vitro
translation assays. Together, these data reveal a novel regulatory mechanism for
P. aeruginosa
DeaD and add to the complexity of global regulation of T3SS.

IMPORTANCE
Although members of the DEAD box family of RNA helicases are appreciated for their roles in mRNA degradation and ribosome biogenesis, an additional role in gene regulation is now emerging in bacteria. By relaxing secondary structures in mRNAs, DEAD box helicases are now thought to promote translation by enhancing ribosomal recruitment. We identify here an RNA helicase that plays a critical role in promoting ExsA synthesis, the central regulator of the
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
type III secretion system, and provide additional evidence that DEAD box helicases directly stimulate translation of target genes. The finding that DeaD stimulates
exsA
translation adds to a growing list of transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulatory mechanisms that control type III gene expression.
ABC Transporter Required for Intercellular Transfer of Developmental Signals in a Heterocystous Cyanobacterium
Authors: Videau Patrick , Rivers Orion S. , Higa Kelly C. , Callahan Sean M.
Published: June 2015

In the filamentous cyanobacterium
Anabaena
,
patS
and
hetN
encode peptide-derived signals with many of the properties of morphogens. These signals regulate the formation of a periodic pattern of heterocysts by lateral inhibition of differentiation. Here we show that intercellular transfer of the
patS
- and
hetN
-dependent developmental signals from heterocysts to vegetative cells requires HetC, a predicted ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABC transporter). Relative to the wild type, in a
hetC
mutant differentiation resulted in a reduced number of heterocysts that were incapable of nitrogen fixation, but deletion of
patS
or
hetN
restored heterocyst number and function in a
hetC
background. These epistasis results suggest that HetC is necessary for conferring self-immunity to the inhibitors on differentiating cells. Nine hours after induction of differentiation, HetC was required for neither induction of transcription of
patS
nor intercellular transfer of the
patS
-encoded signal to neighboring cells. Conversely, in strains lacking HetC, the
patS
- and
hetN
-encoded signals were not transferred from heterocyst cells to adjacent vegetative cells. The results support a model in which the
patS
-dependent signal is initially transferred between vegetative cells in a HetC-independent fashion, but some time before morphological differentiation of heterocysts is complete, transfer of both signals transitions to a HetC-dependent process.

IMPORTANCE
How chemical cues that regulate pattern formation in multicellular organisms move from one cell to another is a central question in developmental biology. In this study, we show that an ABC transporter, HetC, is necessary for transport of two developmental signals between different types of cells in a filamentous cyanobacterium. ABC transporters are found in organisms as diverse as bacteria and humans and, as the name implies, are often involved in the transport of molecules across a cellular membrane. The activity of HetC was shown to be required for signaling between heterocysts, which supply fixed nitrogen to the organism, and other cells, as well as for conferring immunity to self-signaling on developing heterocysts.
Two Proteins Form a Heteromeric Bacterial Self-Recognition Complex in Which Variable Subdomains Determine Allele-Restricted Binding
Authors: Cardarelli Lia , Saak Christina , Gibbs Karine A.
Published: June 2015

Self- versus nonself-recognition in bacteria has been described recently through genetic analyses in multiple systems; however, understanding of the biochemical properties and mechanisms of recognition-determinant proteins remains limited. Here we extend the molecular and biochemical understanding of two recognition-determinant proteins in bacteria. We have found that a heterotypic complex is formed between two bacterial self-recognition proteins, IdsD and IdsE, the genes of which have been shown to genetically encode the determinants for strain-specific identity in the opportunistic bacterial pathogen
Proteus mirabilis
. This IdsD-IdsE complex forms independently of other
P. mirabilis
-encoded self-recognition proteins. We have also shown that the binding between IdsD and IdsE is strain- and allele-specific. The specificity for interactions is encoded within a predicted membrane-spanning subdomain within each protein that contains stretches of unique amino acids in each
P. mirabilis
variant. Finally, we have demonstrated that this
in vitro
IdsD-IdsE binding interaction correlates to
in vivo
population identity, suggesting that the binding interactions between IdsD and IdsE are part of a cellular pathway that underpins self-recognition behavior in
P. mirabilis
and drives bacterial population sociality.

IMPORTANCE
Here we demonstrate that two proteins, the genes of which were genetically shown to encode determinants of self-identity in bacteria, bind
in vitro
in an allele-restricted interaction, suggesting that molecular recognition between these two proteins is a mechanism underpinning self-recognition behaviors in
P. mirabilis
. Binding specificity in each protein is encapsulated in a variable region subdomain that is predicted to span the membrane, suggesting that the interaction occurs in the cell envelope. Furthermore, conversion of binding affinities
in vitro
correlates with conversion of self-identity
in vivo
, suggesting that this molecular recognition might help to drive population behaviors.
Acute calcific periarthiritis of the knee presenting with calcification within the lateral collateral ligament
Authors: Watura Karen , Greenish Davyd , Williams Martin , Webb Jason
Published: June 2015

A 71-year-old woman was admitted with acute swelling of the right knee, pain on the lateral aspect and restricted movement. There was no instability or locking. She had no history of trauma and was generally in good health. Plain radiographs demonstrated a calcific opacity adjacent to the lateral femoral condyle. This was shown to be within the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) at ultrasound and MRI. A diagnosis of acute calcific periarthritis (ACP) was made. The patient's symptoms resolved within a few weeks with simple analgaesia. ACP presenting with calcification within the LCL is rare. It is important to recognise the clinical and imaging findings of this condition as it may mimic other more serious pathologies such as infection and gout. This may result in unnecessary investigations, misdiagnoses and incorrect treatments.
Generalization of (U,N)-Implications
Authors: Li Zhen-Bo , Su Yong , Liu Hua-Wen
Published: June 2015

In this paper we generalize (U,N)-implications. First we introduce (US, N)-operation by replacing the uninorm U with a semi-uninorm US in the definition of a (U, N)-operation. Then the necessary and sufficient conditions that a (US, N)-operation is a implication are given out. Furthermore, we characterize the (US, N)-implications. Last we generalize the definition of rotation invariant and investigate the intersection between the residual implications and (US,N)-implications derived from some semi-uninorms with the generalized rotation invariant.
Polarized Raman scattering study of PSN single crystals and epitaxial thin films
Authors: Pokorný J. , Rafalovskyi I. , Gregora I. , Borodavka F. , Savinov M. , Drahokoupil J. , Tyunina M. , Kocourek T. , Jelinek M. , Bing Y. , Ye Z.-G. , Hlinka J.
Published: June 2015

This paper describes a detailed analysis of the dependence of Raman scattering intensity on the polarization of the incident and inelastically scattered light in PbSc 0.5 Nb 0.5 O 3 (PSN) single crystals and epitaxially compressed thin films grown on (100)-oriented MgO substrates. It is found that there are significant differences between the properties of the crystals and films, and that these differences can be attributed to the anticipated structural differences between these two forms of the same material. In particular, the scattering characteristics of the oxygen octahedra breathing mode near 810 cm-1 indicate a ferroelectric state for the crystals and a relaxor state for the films, which is consistent with the dielectric behaviors of these materials.
Comparison of Carvedilol and Metoprolol for Preventing Contrast-Induced Nephropathy after Coronary Angiography
Authors: Yılmaz Mustafa , Aydınalp Alp , Okyay Kaan , Tekin Abdullah , Bal Uğur Abbas , Bayraktar Nilüfer , Yıldırır Aylin , Müderrisoğlu Haldun
Published: June 2015

Aims: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is one of the most common causes of hospital-acquired acute renal failure. Oxidative stress and vasoconstriction might play key roles in its pathogenesis. In a few experimental models, antioxidant properties of carvedilol have been documented. The aim of this study was to analyze and compare the effects of carvedilol and metoprolol on the development of CIN in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Methods: One hundred patients currently taking metoprolol and 100 patients currently taking carvedilol were enrolled into the study. Venous blood samples were obtained before and 48 h after contrast administration. Cystatin C and malondialdehyde values were examined and compared. CIN was defined as a creatinine increase of at least 25% or 0.5 mg/dl from the baseline value. Results: Seven patients in the carvedilol group (7%) and 22 patients in the metoprolol group (22%) developed CIN (p = 0.003). In the metoprolol group, the median cystatin C concentration increased significantly from 978 to 1,086 ng/ml (p = 0.001) 48 h after radiocontrast administration. In the carvedilol group, the median cystatin C concentration did not change significantly (1,143 vs. 1,068 ng/ml; p = 0.94). In the metoprolol group, the mean malondialdehyde concentration increased significantly from 7.09 ± 1.48 to 8.38 ± 2.6 nmol/l (p < 0.001). In the carvedilol group, the mean serum malondialdehyde concentration did not change significantly (7.44 ± 1.21 vs. 7.56 ± 1.11 nmol/l; p = 0.59). Conclusion: When compared to metoprolol, carvedilol might decrease oxidative stress and subsequent development of CIN.
CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells Inhibit Natural Killer Cell Hepatocytotoxicity of Hepatitis B Virus Transgenic Mice via Membrane-Bound TGF-β and OX40
Authors: Chen Yongyan , Sun Rui , Wu Xunyao , Cheng Min , Wei Haiming , Tian Zhigang
Published: June 2015

CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are involved in the regulation of physiological and pathological hepatic immune responses, but the roles are not well explored in natural killer (NK) cell-mediated liver diseases. In this study, using the NK cell-mediated oversensitive liver injury model of hepatitis B virus transgenic (HBs-Tg) mice triggered by a low dose of concanavalin A, it was observed that an increased number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs were accumulated in the liver, along with the recovery of liver injury. Adoptive transfer of hepatic Tregs from HBs-Tg mice but not wild B6 mice could significantly attenuate the oversensitive liver injury via inhibiting liver accumulation and decreasing NK cell group 2D-mediated activation of NK cells in the recipient HBs-Tg mice. Furthermore, upregulated expression of membrane-bound TGF-β (mTGF-β) and OX40 on hepatic Tregs were demonstrated to account for inhibiting the NK cell-mediated hepatic injury in HBs-Tg mice through cell-cell contact, confirmed by antibody blockade and cell Transwell experiments in vivo and in vitro. Our findings for the first time indicated that CD4+CD25+ Tregs directly suppressed NK cell-mediated hepatocytotoxicity through mTGF-β and OX40/OX40L interaction in a cell-cell contact manner in HBV-associated liver disease.
ЦИТОХІМІЧНА ТА ЦИТОЛОГІЧНА ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПРОЦЕСІВ ДИФЕРЕНЦІАЦІЇ БУКАЛЬНОГО ЕПІТЕЛІЮ В ОСІБ ЧОЛОВІЧОЇ СТАТІ МОЛОДОГО ВІКУ В НОРМІ
Authors: Гасюк Н. В.
Published: June 2015

У статті наведено результати комплексного цитохімічного і цитологічного дослідження клітинного складу букального епітелію осіб чоловічої статі молодого віку в нормі. Отримані результати дають можливість констатувати переважання зрілих форм епітеліоцитів у цитограмах, що забезпечує, таким чином, бар’єрну функцію щоки шляхом незначної тенденції до зроговіння, ініціюючи десквамативні процеси епітелію даної анатомічної ділянки в обстеженого контингенту осіб.
РІВЕНЬ IL-8 У СИРОВАТЦІ КРОВІ ТА ГРУДНОМУ МОЛОЦІ ПРИ ГНІЙНИХ ЛАКТАЦІЙНИХ МАСТИТАХ
Authors: Дем’янчук Н. Р. , Белявська Б. М. , Лаповець Л. Є. , Акімова В. М.
Published: June 2015

Досліджено вміст IL-8 у сироватці крові та грудному молоці жінок із лактостазом, гнійним лактаційним маститом і практично здорових жінок, якілактують. Встановлено підвищену концентрацію сироваткового ІІ_-8ужінок із лактаційним маститом. Рівень досліджуваного хемокіну більш виражено зростає у грудному молоці жінок із лактостазом і лактаційним маститом, що вказує на локальність запальної реакції, активацію клітин неспецифічної резистентності організму.
Порівняльна морфологічна характеристика гострої та хронічної рани у хворих на синдром діабетичної стопи
Authors: Герасимчук П. О. , Павлишин А. В. , Головата Т. К.
Published: June 2015

На основі вивчення 127 гістологічних препаратів, виготовлених із біопсійного матеріалу, взятого інтраопераційно у 23 хворих на синдром діабетичної стопи (СДС), вивчено морфологічні особливості гострої та хронічної рани. Встановлено, що хронічна рана вирізняється вираженим гальмуванням репаративних процесів. Розлади мікроциркуляції, поєднані з запаленням та спотвореною регенерацією, призводять до формування своєрідного хибного кола, при якому хронізація запалення сприяє незавершеній регенерації та формуванню персистуючої грануляційної тканини.
ПУХЛИНОПОДІБНІ ВРАЖЕННЯ ЯЄЧНИКІВ У ЖІНОК РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ВІКУ:ДІАГНОСТИКА, ЛІКУВАННЯ ТА ПРОФІЛАКТИКА РЕЦЕДИВУВАННЯ
Authors: Вовк І. Б. , Корнацька А. Г. , Кондратюк В. К.
Published: June 2015

З метою вивчення структурних та імуногістохімічних особливостей пухлиноподібних уражень яєчників на фоні хронічних запальних захворювань репродуктивних органів було проведено дослідження зразків операційного матеріалу яєчників.
МОРФОМЕТРИЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ СЕРЦЯ У ГОСТРОМУ ПЕРІОДІ ЛАКУНАРНОГО ІНСУЛЬТУ
Authors: Сохор Н. Р.
Published: June 2015

РЕЗЮМЕ. У 122 хворих з лакунарним інсультом (ЛІ) проведено визначення морфометричних показників серця та
параметрів центрально гемодинаміки. Встановлено, що для ЛІ характерна наявність помірно та виражено гіпертрофі
ЛШ (у 89,3 %), патологічного ремоделювання ЛШ (у 86,1 %) переважно у вигляді концентрично гіпертрофі ЛШ -
(у 76,6 %), діастолічна дисфункція ЛШ за гіпертрофічним типом (у 86,9 %) хворих. Спостерігалася залежність
морфометричних показників від тяжкості ЛІ: при тяжких ЛІ виявлено достовірно більший ступінь гіпертрофі ЛШ,
більші розміри ЛГІ та достовірно нижчу ФВ та СІ, порівняно з пацієнтами із легким та середньотяжким ЛІ.
КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: лакунарний інсульт, морфометричні показники серця, центральна гемодинаміка.
Possible Psychological Roles of the Aramaic Incantation Bowls: Therapeutic Functions of Belief in Demons and the Practice of Incantations
Authors: Walker Harriet
Published: June 2015

Markham Geller’s work on belief in ancient Mesopotamian demons draws on Freudian psychology to demonstrate that this belief may have had specific psychological benefits. It offers a promising perspective from which to study the Aramaic incantation bowls with a view to establishing the possible psychological roles played by these texts. This article develops Geller’s work and applies the resulting understanding of belief in demons to the Aramaic incantation bowls. Through a textual analysis it suggests possible meanings for some features of the texts and argues that these incantations may have had empirically effective therapeutic functions.
Imperialists without an empire?
Authors: Särkkä Timo
Published: June 2015

This article discusses settler identity formation, in the colonial polity known as Rhodesia, using Finnish nationals as a case study. It studies the involvement of Finns in natural resource extraction in Rhodesia at a time when the colonial economy and settler domination were still in their infancy, and examines both Finnish participation in colonial practices and the limitations of Finns as colonialists. White settlers in Rhodesia have typically been categorised as ‘Europeans’ partly because of their sense of representing a generalised idea of Western civilisation and partly in order to underline contrasts between black and white experiences in the history of colonialism. By focusing on the more specific provenance of the settlers (their nationality and country of origin), it is possible to reveal idiosyncrasies through which we can appreciate settler identity formation more precisely. Finnish settlers, in their various capacities as prospectors, soldiers, hunters and planters, adapted ideas and identities that cannot easily be disentangled from those of colonisers.
Argon plasma coagulation for the endoscopic treatment of gastrointestinal tumor bleeding: A retrospective comparison with a non‐treated historical cohort
Authors: Martins Bruno Costa , Wodak Stephanie , Gusmon Carla C , Safatle‐Ribeiro Adriana Vaz , Kawaguti Fabio Shiguehissa , Baba Elisa Ryoka , Pennacchi Caterina MP , Lima Marcelo Simas , Ribeiro Ulysses , Maluf‐Filho Fauze
Published: June 2015

Background

The endoscopic use of argon plasma coagulation (APC) to achieve hemostasis for upper gastrointestinal tumor bleeding (UGITB) has not been adequately evaluated in controlled trials. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of APC for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal bleeding from malignant lesions.

Methods

Between January and September 2011, all patients with UGITB underwent high‐potency APC therapy (up to 70 Watts). This group was compared with a historical cohort of patients admitted between January and December 2010, when the endoscopic treatment of bleeding malignancies was not routinely performed. Patients were stratified into two categories, grouping the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scale: Category I (ECOG 0–2) patients with a good clinical status and Category II (ECOG 3–4) patients with a poor clinical status.

Results

Our study had 25 patients with UGITB whom underwent APC treatment and 28 patients whom received no endoscopic therapy. The clinical characteristics of the groups were similar, except for endoscopic active bleeding, which was more frequently detected in APC group. We had 15 patients in the APC group whom had active bleeding, and initial hemostasis was obtained in 11 of them (73.3%). In the control group, four patients had active bleeding. There were no differences in 30‐day re‐bleeding (33.3% in the APC group versus 14.3% in the control group; p  = 0.104) and 30‐day mortality rates (20.8% in the APC group, versus 42.9% in the control group; p  = 0.091). When patients were categorized according to their ECOG status, we found that APC therapy had no impact in re‐bleeding and mortality rates (Group I: APC versus no endoscopic treatment: re‐bleeding p  = 0.412, mortality p  = 0.669; Group II: APC versus no endoscopic treatment: re‐bleeding p  = 0.505, mortality p  = 0.580). Hematemesis and site of bleeding located at the esophagus or duodenum were associated with a higher 30‐day mortality.

Conclusions

Endoscopic hemostasis of UGITB with APC has no significant impact on 30‐day re‐bleeding and mortality rates, irrespective of patient performance status.
Social Logistics: а Tool for Social Problems Solving
Authors: Филиппов  , Filippov E.
Published: June 2015

Social, socio-economic, socio-mechanistic systems and social processes, and problems formulated by them

as a new area of practical application for rules, principles and laws formed in classical logistics’ as the

science branch have been considered in this paper. The existence of social and public nature problems,

manageable with the use of logistics has been shown. Social logistics application examples have been given.

A concept of social logistics as a set of actions that ensures the effective functioning of social systems (as a

complex of social phenomena, processes, entities) with logistics principles application has been introduced.

A distinction between the concepts of social and socially-oriented logistics has been given. A foundation for

scientific research at the intersection of logistics, sociology and social psychology, where logistics is a tool

for solving problems formulated by social interaction, has been laid. Problems and issues requiring further

study and research have been specified.
The complexity in I. Prigogine and H. Haken’s interpretation differs from the complexity of W. Weaver and TCS
Authors: Гудкова  , Gudkova S. , Джумагалиева  , Dzhumagalieva L. , Еськов  , Eskov Valeriy , Филатова  , Filatova O.
Published: June 2015

The present paper shows that the term “complexity” includes absolutely different notions than now it seems to be presented in modern science and philosophy. V.S. Stepin’s postnon-classics has come to this new recognition too close, but, actually, it is a new recognition of uncertainty for systems of the third type (not deterministic and not stochastic). We introduce the interpretation of a type I uncertainty that implies that stochastic methods show systems identified, but methods of the theory of chaos and self-organization and neurocomputing show significant difference of target systems (processes). The concrete examples show the type I uncertainty and give an idea of a type II uncertainty, that implies the coincidence of distribution functions f(x) for different samplings. We prove that neurocomputing method not only differentiates samplings, but also identifies order parameters. In this case we also solve the system synthesis problem.
Stochastic and chaos in evaluation order parameter in regenerative medicine
Authors: Синенко  , Sinenko D. , Гараева  , Garaeva G. , Еськов  , Eskov Valeriy , Ворошилова  , Voroshilova A.
Published: June 2015

The basis of the third global paradigm of theory of chaos and self-organization, which focuses on the assessment of the chaotic dynamics of the state vector of complex biological systems using multi-dimensional phase space of states. The paper presents a comparative description of the effectiveness of the traditional stochastic methods and methods of calculating the parameters of quasi-attractors. It is showed the difference in efficiency (low) of stochastics, which leads to the uncertainty of the 1st kind, and methods of multidimensional phase spaces, providing the solution of system synthesis. Volumes quasi-attractors with kinesotherapy in patients with acute stroke increased 5.3 times in the initial stage of treatment, and then falling off sharply. It is discussed the need for parallel applications and stochastic methods and methods of theory of chaos and self-organization in the study of complex medical and biological systems.
Naród, kultura i przyroda w myśli Jana Gwalberta Pawlikowskiego
Authors: Łętocha Rafał
Published: June 2015

The nation, culture and nature in the thought of Jan Gwalbert Pawlikowski

Jan Gwalbert Pawlikowski was a Polish economist, journalist and politician, one of the first chief activists and ideologues of the right‑wing National Democracy political camp, literary historian, mountaineer, ecologist and environmentalist. Pawlikowski was influential in the development of modern environmental ethics in Poland and in the movement for wilderness conservation. He was co‑founder and president of the Section for Protection of the Tatra Mountains, The Polish Tatra Society since 1912. He was also the founder and editor‑in‑chief of the yearbook Wierchy printed in Lviv since 1923. Since 1927, member of the Polish Academy of Sciences.
Narodziny i rozwój ruchu emancypacyjnego w Rosji
Authors: Biniewska Julita
Published: June 2015

This article analyzes the characteristics of women’s movement in Russia which started in the second half of the 19th century. The author researches the background of women’s public activities like – charities, education, help for poor and work in the area of placement, and their directions towards not only the fight for equal rights for men and women but also the possibilities of education and financial self reliance. He describes their goals as well as peculiarities. The article also shows the historical outline, starting from single activities at the end of 19th century until the beginning of the 20th century, and the common actions of collective associations and organizations. It presents as well the causes of the uprising of the emancipation movement in Russia. Author analyzes the social activity of women’s emancipation movements, as well as institutions which resulted in social and political changes in Russia. The article shows also that women’s emancipation movements had a huge impact in the mentality of Russian society.
El nuevo urbanismo del Bajo Segura a consecuencia del terremoto de 1829
Authors: Canales Martínez Gregorio
Published: June 2015

El planeamiento urbano como ciencia y como disciplina tiene un origen muy reciente, pues aun cuando para las grandes ciudades se considera iniciado en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX en virtud de los planes de ensanche, para los restantes municipios, el urbanismo ha sido consecuencia de la improvisación y de la espontaneidad, lo que en muchas ocasiones hadesembocado en un trazado urbano anárquico, irracional, y en discordancia con el medio naturalen que se desarrollaba.La administración pública no ha sido ajena a las preocupaciones ciudadanas, esforzándose cada vez más por un urbanismo racional que contribuya a hacer habitables las ciudades, y a mejorar en definitiva la calidad de vida.
Contribución al estudio de las unidades de explotación en Castilla la Vieja
Authors: García Fernández Jesús
Published: June 2015

Es indudable que el importante éxodo rural que ha padecido la región ha dado lugar a una acusada concentración de las unidades de explotación agraria. Ha sido la contrapartida, y diríamos que positiva, al vaciamiento que ha experimentado. Hecho que, sin embargo, no esdebidamente conocido; y que enmascaran las estadísticas oficiales, dando una idea completamente errónea de la realidad. Sigue estando vigente el tópico del minifundismocastellano.
Repercusión económica por cambio de uso y propiedad del agua en el litoral oriolano
Authors: Juárez Sánchez-Rubio Cipriano , Vera Rebollo José Fernando
Published: June 2015

La idea de trasvasar agua a las provincias de Alicante, Almería y Murcia es antigua pero no cristaliza hasta la ley del «Aprovechamiento conjunto del trasvase Tajo-Segura» de 1971. Delos 1.000 hm3/año a trasvasar ninguna cantidad era para atender la demanda urbana. Pero lasprecisiones de Lorenzo Pardo y las promulgadas por la citada ley distan mucho de la realidad,ya que «las necesidades turísticas e industriales, el aumento de la población y el consumo mayor de agua por habitante y día convierten la llegada de los caudales al agro en poco menos que secundario».
La arboricultura y el cooperativismo agrario en el secano de la montaña (Comarca de Alcoi)
Authors: Costa Mas José
Published: June 2015

Los valles y corredores del espacio mostañoso situado al interior de la provincia alicantina han sido tradicionales dominios de una agricultura de secano, de débiles y aleatorios rendimeintos, pero,k como respuesta, han cuajado excelentes logros en el plazo de la industrialización.
Origen, desarrollo y problemática espacial de la ciudad de Alicante
Authors: Ramos Hidalgo Antonio
Published: June 2015

Se analiza el desarrollo de la ciudad de Alicante desde la época islámica hasta el presente, describiendo los principales procesos de urbanización generados en la misma y que son la causa de su actual configuración radiocéntrica. El modelo de gestión urbanística ha producido disfunciones, perceptibles en la distribución residencial de la población, en los usos del suelo y en la calidad del entorno que diversos planes de reforma tratan de paliar. La articulación de Alicante con su ámbito territorial consolida características metropolitanas, entre las que destacan un conjunto de variables de aglomeración relativas a población, vivienda, infraestructuras, actividades económicas y flujos de relación. La problemática analizada permite exponer un conjunto de consideraciones finales orientadas a futuras actuaciones de ordenación que afecten a la propia ciudad o a su espacio metropolitano.