bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Couple/Family Counselor Training: A Search for Research
Authors: Kleist David M.
Published: May 2004

The initial goals of IAMFC included conducting and fostering programs of education in the field of family counseling, and promoting and conducting programs of research in the field of marriage and family counseling (International Association of Marriage and Family Counselors, 1990). The goal of fostering program development shows signs of success, as currently 26 couple/marriage and family counseling programs are accredited by the council for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). This article reviews research targeting couple/marriage and family counselor training. The literature search used commonly accessible databases (i.e., PsychInfo) as well as a hand search. Research on the training of counselors specializing in couple/marriage and family counseling (C/MFC) would go a long way toward meeting the goal of conducting research in the field of couple/marriage and family counseling. Possible implications for the field of counseling, especially the C/MFC specialty, follow.
Family Resistance to Counseling: The Initial Agenda for Intergenerational and Narrative Approaches
Authors: Gold Joshua M. , Morris Gretchen M.
Published: May 2004

This article advocates a use of intergenerational and narrative therapies to conceptualize and intervene with a family's legacy of resistance to external assistance, as exemplified by counseling. This notion is based on a review of the current professional literature on client resistance. This article will offer intervention strategies for counselors who decide to integrate this agenda into their relational counseling.
Men's Experience of Making the Decision to have their First Child: A Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Peterson Andrew , Jenni Catherine B.
Published: May 2004

Men's experience of making the decision to have their first child was examined through a phenomenological analysis of unstructured interviews with expectant fathers. Analysis revealed a dialectical structure to men's decision-making processes. Men who had made a conscious decision to become a father were shown to be emotionally invested in reproductive decisions, participating actively in this complex process.
Compassion Power: Helping Families Reach Their Core Value
Authors: Stosny Steven
Published: May 2004

Failure of compassion may be the most common reason that people go to family therapists. This article describes the importance of compassion to attachment relationships, the most common causes of compassion failure, and the necessity of teaching compassion skills in therapy.
Biracial Youth and Their Parents: Counseling Considerations for Family Therapists
Authors: McClurg Laurie
Published: May 2004

In spite of recent developments in the area of multicultural family therapy, interracial families and their biracial children remain a neglected population in the mental health field. Very little research exists, and few suggestions have been made for working with this unique population. This article addresses the developmental needs of such families and provides suggestions for family counselors and therapists.
An Examination of the Integrative Nature of Emotionally Focused Therapy
Authors: Simon George M.
Published: May 2004

Emotionally focused therapy (EFT) has been described by one of its originators as an integration of structural family therapy and experiential psychotherapy. This article explores whether the integration that has been achieved in EFT is a theoretically eclectic integration, which preserves intact the theoretical bases of both of the approaches being integrated, or an assimilative integration, which privileges the theoretical base of one of the approaches and grafts ideas and techniques from the remaining approach onto this base. The conclusion is reached that EFT is an exercise in assimilative integration. It is demonstrated that EFT is rooted in the worldview and values of experiential therapy, and that elements of structural family therapy that have been incorporated into the model have been subjected to fundamental modification, so as to allow them to fit into an alien theoretical context.
Female Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Implications for Couples’ Therapists
Authors: Cobia Debra C. , Sobansky Robin R. , Ingram Meredith
Published: May 2004

There is a well-established relationship between childhood sexual abuse and adult sexual functioning. Couples that include a partner who is a survivor of childhood sexual abuse are at increased risk for a wide variety of relationship problems that accompany or result in unsatisfying or dysfunctional sexual relationships. Couples’ therapists need an understanding of the long-term impact of such trauma as well as knowledge about specific interventions that might minimize the potentially damaging effects on significant intimate relationships.
An Examination of Gender and Ethics in Family Counseling—Part 2: a Case Study Approach Using a Social Constructivism Model of Ethical Decision Making
Authors: Steigerwald Fran , Forrest Alan
Published: May 2004

Part one of this series of two articles deals with a case study in which the family counselor addressed gender issues of communication and power differential within the couple’s interactions. The couple’s values and the counselor’s values were congruent and therefore more easily addressed. This article, part 2, addresses a more complex case in which the clients’ gender issues and values differ with the counselor’s values and theoretical orientation. An awareness and knowledge of gender issues become more important for ethical counseling to occur when there is a clash of values between the clients and the counselor. Ethical decision making becomes essential, and in this case, a social constructivism model of ethical decision making is applied.
Western Africa: A Fish Basket of Europe Past and Present
Authors: Alder Jacqueline , Sumaila Ussif Rashid
Published: May 2004

This article shows that despite increasing catches by foreign fishing fleets, the economic growth and social benefits from marine resources have not been met for many western African countries that host these fleets. A meta-analysis of changes in catches, market values, exports, imports, employment, access, and domestic supplies in western Africa since 1960 illustrates the impact of the expansion of distant-water fleets on not only the status of the marine resources and their ecosystems but also on the economic and social conditions of the people of western Africa. Finally, recommendations are made on appropriate management options for foreign fishing fleets and the key initiatives that could be considered by regional fish bodies and governments in western Africa.
D1 Dopamine Receptor Supersensitivity in the Dopamine-Depleted Striatum Animal Model of Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gerfen Charles R.
Published: May 2004

Dopamine acts in the striatum principally through the D1 and D2 dopamine receptor subtypes, which are segregated to the direct and indirect striatal projection neurons, respectively. As a consequence, degeneration of the dopamine input to the striatum results in opposing affects in these pathways. The resulting functional imbalance is thought to be responsible for the bradykinesia of Parkinson’s disease, which may be temporarily normalized by dopamine replacement therapy. However, direct striatal projection neurons become irreversibly supersensitive to D1 dopamine receptor activation, despite the fact that there is an actual decrease in receptor number. Recent studies show that this D1-supersensitive response results from a switch from the normal D1-mediated activation of protein-kinase A to an aberrant activation of ERK1/2/MAPkinase. This switch in D1-receptor-mediated regulation of protein kinase systems responsible for neuronal plasticity is suggested to underlie dyskinesia produced by L-DOPA treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
Properties and Mechanisms of LTP Maintenance
Authors: Abraham Wickliffe C. , Williams Joanna M.
Published: May 2004

Memory is fundamentally important to everyday life, and memory loss has devastating consequences to individuals and society. Understanding the neurophysiological and cellular basis of memory paves the way for gaining insights into the molecular steps involved in memory formation, thereby revealing potential therapeutic targets for neurological diseases. For three decades, long-term potentiation (LTP) has been the gold standard synaptic model for mammalian memory mechanisms, in large part because of its long-lasting nature. Here, the authors summarize the characteristics of LTP persistence in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, comparing this with other hippocampal subregions and neocortex. They consider how long LTP can last and how its persistence is affected by subsequent behavioral experiences. Next, they review the molecular mechanisms known to contribute to LTP induction and persistence, in particular the role of new gene expression and protein synthesis and how they may be associated with potential structural reorganization of the synapse. A temporal schema for the processes important for consolidating LTP into a persistent form is presented. The parallels between the molecular aspects of LTP and memory strongly support the continuation with LTP as a model system for studying the mechanisms underlying long-term memory consolidation and retention.
Enhancing Synaptic Plasticity and Memory: A Role for Small-Conductance Ca2+-Activated K+ Channels
Authors: Tzounopoulos Thanos , Stackman Robert
Published: May 2004

Calcium-activated potassium (K+) channels are distributed throughout the central nervous system as well as many other peripheral tissues and comprise three distinct classes of K+ channels: small conductance (SK), intermediate conductance, and large conductance. This update focuses on SK channels. Increases in cytosolic calcium in response to depolarization activate SK channels. Activation of these channels decreases neuronal excitability. In this review, the authors discuss the role of SK channels in the induction of synaptic plasticity and their influence on learning and memory. A testable model that synthesizes the current literature is offered, suggesting that SK channels represent an important regulator of synaptic plasticity and memory.
Extracellular Calcium Depletion in Synaptic Transmission
Authors: Cohen Jonathan E. , Fields R. Douglas
Published: May 2004

Regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in the extracellular space plays an important role in neuronal function. Several modeling studies and recent measurements have demonstrated that modest action potential or synaptic activity can result in a significant reduction in extracellular calcium ([Ca]o2+). Changes in [Ca]o 2+ can regulate intracellular signaling enzymes, such as Ca2+/calmodulin–dependent protein kinase II, and influence neuronal function at synaptic and nonsynaptic sites. The change in [Ca]o 2+ can affect several types of ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors and activate a Ca2+-sensitive receptor in neuronal membranes. Depletion of [Ca]o 2+ may function as an activity-dependent extracellular messenger that regulates nervous system function during development, learning, and disease.
Sensing Limb Movements in The Motor Cortex: How Humans Sense Limb Movement
Authors: Naito Eiichi
Published: May 2004

We can precisely control only what we can sense. Sensing limb position or limb movement is essential when we precisely control our limb movements. It has been generally believed that somatic perception takes place in the neuronal network of somatosensory areas. Recent neuroimaging techniques (PET, fMRI, transcranial magnetic stimulation) have revealed in human brains that motor areas participate in somatic perception of limb movements during kinesthetic illusion in the absence of actual limb movement. In particular, the primary motor cortex, which is an executive locus of voluntary limb movements, is primarily responsible for kinesthetic perception of limb movements. This probably forms the most efficient circuits for voluntary limb movements between the controlled muscles and the motor areas.
The Amygdala, the Hippocampus, and Emotional Modulation of Memory
Authors: Richter-Levin Gal
Published: May 2004

There are two views regarding the role of the amygdala in emotional memory formation. According to one view, the amygdala modulates memory-related processes in other brain regions, such as the hippocampus. According to the other, the amygdala is a site for some aspects of emotional memory. Here the authors adduce behavioral, electrophysiological, and biochemical evidence in support of an integrative view, assuming both roles for the amygdala. This integrative view, however, suggests a level of complexity not referred to before: the assumption that emotional conditions induce long-term neural plasticity in the amygdala suggests that the interrelations between the amygdala and brain regions, such as the hippocampus, may not be static but dynamic. The way the amygdala will affect memory-related processes in the hippocampus may thus largely depend on the previous history of the individual.
Plasticity in the Human Cerebral Cortex: Lessons from the Normal Brain and from Stroke
Authors: Bütefisch Cathrin M.
Published: May 2004

The adult brain maintains the ability for reorganization or plasticity throughout life. Results from neurophysiological and neuroanatomical experiments in animals and noninvasive neuroimaging and electrophysiological studies in humans show considerable plasticity of motor representations with use or nonuse, skill learning, or injury to the nervous system. An important concept of reorganization in the motor cortex is that of a distributed neuronal network in which multiple overlapping motor representations are functionally connected through an extensive horizontal network. By changing the strength of horizontal connections between motor neurons, functionally different neuronal assemblies can form, thereby providing a substrate to construct dynamic motor output zones. Modulation of inhibition and synaptic efficacy are mechanisms involved. Recent evidence from animal experiments indicates that these functional changes are accompanied by anatomical changes. Because plasticity of the brain plays a major role in the recovery of function after stroke, the knowledge of the principles of plasticity may help to design strategies to enhance plasticity when it is beneficial, such as after brain infarction.
Cerebellar Control of Balance and Locomotion
Authors: Morton Susanne M. , Bastian Amy J.
Published: May 2004

The cerebellum is important for movement control and plays a particularly crucial role in balance and locomotion. As such, one of the most characteristic signs of cerebellar damage is walking ataxia. It is not known how the cerebellum normally contributes to walking, although recent work suggests that it plays a role in the generation of appropriate patterns of limb movements, dynamic regulation of balance, and adaptation of posture and locomotion through practice. The purpose of this review is to examine mechanisms of cerebellar control of balance and locomotion, emphasizing studies of humans and other animals. Implications for rehabilitation are also considered.
Report: Farmers and Scientists
Authors: Clarke Belinda
Published: May 2004

Global agriculture faces many challenges, with novel technologies presenting a range of options to help address them. However, appropriate communication between researchers and producers is vital for the development, acceptance, and adoption of newinnovations or techniques. The traditional deficit model of one-way information flow from the laboratory to the field is being replaced by a contextual model involving two-way dialogue. Here, I present qualitative evidence of the impact of a transition between these models. In Europe, there is a disconnect between researchers and producers; therefore, inspired by communication models in developing countries, suggestions are offered for facilitating interactions between scientists and farmers in more developed areas of the world.
After the “Two Cultures”
Authors: van Dijck JosÉ
Published: May 2004

In his famous lecture “The Two Cultures” (1959), C. P. Snow identified an unbridgeable gap between two hostile branches of knowledge: the (natural) sciences and the humanities. The twocultures opposition has long dissolved since 1959. In the twenty-first century, the postmodern condition of science has given rise to the “(multi)cultural paradigm” of science communication—a paradigm beyond the two cultures and the narrativation of knowledge, acknowledging not only the increasing cultural diversity in populations throughout the world but also the many cultures or disciplines involved in the construction and communication of science.
Organizational Factors that Influence University-Based Researchers’ Engagement in Knowledge Transfer Activities
Authors: Jacobson Nora , Butterill Dale , Goering Paula
Published: May 2004

Knowledge transfer has become a priority for universities and other publicly funded research institutions. However, researchers working in these settings report certain structural barriers to engaging in knowledge translation activities. This article describes these barriers, situating them in the disjunction between current expectations and the historical tradition of disciplinary authority in academia. The authors review some of the organizational solutions that have been proposed to address this disjunction. This analysis of barriers and solutions suggests that five domains of organizational policy and practice—promotion and tenure, resources and funding, structures, knowledge transfer orientation, and documentation—may be critical to promoting researchers’engagement in knowledge transfer.
Evaluating European Public Awareness of Science Initiatives
Authors: Edwards Christopher
Published: May 2004

There are many public-awareness-of-science initiatives (PASIs), representing a major investment of resources. This review will consider how far these initiatives have succeeded. How much evaluation is taking place, and what patterns of success does it reveal? Work with the European Network of Science Communication Teachers (ENSCOT) enabled a review of reports for initiatives in European Union countries. Initial findings are that many PASIs are not formally written up and fewer are evaluated against their aims. The evidence also suggests differences between countries. This review considers how evaluation could improve future initiatives in Europe and beyond.
Vibration Control of the Platform System with Hydraulic Supports
Authors: Tang Y. G. , Ding Q. , Chen Y. S.
Published: May 2004

The platform system includes a platform, four hydraulic supports and a unit on the platform. The motion equations for the platform system are set up as the unit on the platform is simplified as one mass element. Based on the Lowes-Hurwits stability criteria, the feedback flow coefficients of the hydraulic system are determined. Then, the Laplace transformation is used to derive the transfer function for this vibration system. The dynamic response both in the time domain and in the frequency domain for the platform system is calculated using this method. The results show that the control method in this paper is practical and reliable to the platform system.
Vibration Control of Long-Span Beams: Experimental and Analytical Study of Beam Structures Incorporated with Connection Dampers
Authors: Tan X. M. , Ko J. M.
Published: May 2004

In order to reduce the vertical vibrations of long-span beam structures subjected to human activities or machinery running, a type of beam-column connection incorporated with viscoelastic dampers is designed and the effectiveness in vibration control is proved experimentally. An analytical method implemented with a fractional derivative model for structures with such damping devices is then proposed. By comparing analytical results with test data, the method is verified to be able to predict structural behaviors very well. Based on the parametric studies being carried out, useful guidelines are achieved for design of beam structures with connection dampers.
Is Disclosure of Childhood Rape Associated with Mental Health Outcome? Results from the National Women’s Study
Authors: Ruggiero Kenneth J. , Smith Daniel W. , Hanson Rochelle F. , Resnick Heidi S. , Saunders Benjamin E. , Kilpatrick Dean G. , Best Connie L.
Published: May 2004

Clinicians often assert that disclosure of childhood rape is beneficial to victims because it sets the occasion for protective action and can bring them into contact with professionals trained to address rape-related mental health needs. Consistent with this is the hypothesis that victims of childhood rape who disclose their victimization soon after it occurs are at lower risk for later psychosocial difficulties relative to those who delay disclosure or never disclose. We explored this issue with a nationally representative sample of 3,220 adult women; 288 (8.9%) endorsed at least one instance of forcible sexual penetration prior to age 18. Results revealed a significantly higher past-year prevalence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depressive episodes among women who waited longer than 1 month to disclose their rape relative to nondisclosers and women who disclosed within 1 month of the rape. Delayed disclosure remained associated with PTSD after controlling for demographic and rape characteristics. Patterns of disclosure were not associated with past-year substance-use problems.
The Experience of Foster Care: Relationship between Foster Parent Disciplinary Approaches and Aggression in a Sample of Young Foster Children
Authors: De Robertis Megan Tripp , Litrownik Alan J.
Published: May 2004

The relationship between disciplinary practices of 70 foster parents (kin and nonkin) and aggression in their 8-year-old foster children was examined. Aggressive behavior was assessed through child and foster parent reports, whereas disciplinary behavior was examined by asking foster parents how they would typically respond to five child misbehaviors. Kinship foster parents (64.8%) were significantly more likely than nonkinship foster parents (30.2%) to report that they would use harsh discipline (p < .01). No significant relationship was found between foster parent reports of child aggression and their reports of disciplinary behavior. However, foster parents who reported they would use harsher discipline were more likely to have children in their care who generated multiple aggressive solutions to social problems (odds ratio = 2.7, p < .01). The evidence suggesting that the disciplinary practices of foster parents may influence children’s social aggression is discussed in relation to future research, policy, and interventions.
Risk for Intimate Partner Violence and Child Physical Abuse: Psychosocial Characteristics of Multirisk Male and Female Navy Recruits
Authors: Merrill Lex L. , Crouch Julie L. , Thomsen Cynthia J. , Guimond Jennifer M.
Published: May 2004

This study examined psychosocial characteristics of individuals at risk for perpetrating both intimate partner violence (IPV risk) and child physical abuse (CPA risk). The sample consisted of 775 female and 592 male Navy recruits. The psychosocial variables assessed included symptoms of dysphoria, posttraumatic stress, self-dysfunction, alcoholrelated problems, and drug use. IPV risk and CPA risk were positively associated with approximately9% of the total sample considered multirisk (i.e., positive for both IPV risk and CPA risk). Results of regression analyses revealed that patterns of predictors (demographic and psychosocial variables) for IPV-risk only and CPA-risk only differed with multirisk individuals characterized by the combined predictors of both types of violence risk. Nearly half (47.2%) of the multirisk individuals were characterized by multiple (i.e., two or more) clinical elevations on the psychosocial characteristics assessed.
Vulnerability or Resilience to Intergenerational Sexual Abuse: The Role of Maternal Factors
Authors: Leifer Myra , Kilbane Teresa , Kalick Sarah
Published: May 2004

This study examined vulnerability or resilience to intergenerational sexual abuse. The sample included 196 African American mothers and their children of which 96 were sexually abused and 100 had no reported incidents of abuse. Four groups were formed based on maternal report of a history of childhood sexual abuse and the child’s abuse status: (a) sexually abused mothers of children who were not sexually abused, (b) sexually abused mothers whose child was sexually abused, (c) mothers with no history of sexual abuse whose children had no history of sexual abuse, and (d) mothers with no history of sexual abuse who had a sexually abused child. The findings indicate that mothers who break the cycle of abuse were functioning as well as the nonsexually abused mothers in the study. Furthermore, sexually abused mothers with abused children evidenced significantly more disturbed functioning than the other three groups of mothers, particularly in their attachment relationships.
Comparison of U.S. Army and Civilian Substantiated Reports of Child Maltreatment
Authors: McCarroll James E. , Ursano Robert J. , Fan Zizhong , Newby John H.
Published: May 2004

Little is known about the similarities and differences between civilian and military child maltreatment cases and no recent study has compared them directly. Understanding the nature of the problems in each could lead to identifying strengths and weaknesses for the development of more helpful prevention and treatment programs. The overall rates of child maltreatment in the U.S. civilian population (14.7 to 11.8 per 1,000) were about double the Army rates (7.6 to 6.0 per 1,000) from 1995 to 1999. These differences were largely because of the higher rate of neglect in the U.S. data—about three times that of the Army—and may be because of factors that are largely controlled in the Army such as poverty, severe substance abuse, homelessness, and other social variables. For 1999 only, we examined the type of maltreatment by age and sex, the victim rates by race/ethnicity, and the relationship of perpetrator to victim.
Evaluating a Statewide Home Visiting Program to Prevent Child Abuse in at-Risk Families of Newborns: Fathers’ Participation and Outcomes
Authors: Duggan Anne , Fuddy Loretta , McFarlane Elizabeth , Burrell Lori , Windham Amy , Higman Susan , Sia Calvin
Published: May 2004

This study sought to describe fathers’ participation in a statewide home-visiting program to prevent child abuse and to assess program impact on their parenting. This randomized trial followed 643 at-risk families for 3 years. Data were collected through program record review, staff surveys, and annual maternal interviews. Participation in visits varied by the parents’ relationship and paternal employment, violence, and heavy drinking at baseline. Overall, the program had no apparent impact on fathers’ accessibility to the child, engagement in parenting activities, and sharing of responsibility for the child’s welfare. The program promoted parenting involvement for nonviolent fathers in couples who lived together but also for violent fathers in couples with little contact at baseline; it decreased the father’s accessibility to the child in couples who lived apart but saw each other frequently at baseline. Infrequent participation in visits and differential program impact on violent versus nonviolent fathers demonstrate the need to consider family context in developing, implementing, and studying home-visiting models.
The Healing Effects of Storytelling: On the Conditions of Curative Storytelling in the Context of Research and Counseling
Authors: Rosenthal Gabriele
Published: May 2004

Conducting a biographical-narrative interview is already a kind of psychological intervention. In this article, I will reflect on this. I will introduce the narrative-interviewing method and discuss the following: What processes are prompted for narrators when they tell their life story and for the interviewer guiding the conversation in a narrativebiographical style? What are the chances offered by this method of directing a conversation for setting off initial healing processes, and what are the risks and dangers involved? These questions are pursued, in particular, in the context of research interviews— especially in the context of my interviews with survivors of the Shoah and their children and grandchildren—but also in the context of counseling. I will also discuss the method’s limits in conversations with people experiencing acute life crises.
Bobos on the Road, or Would Sal Paradise Have Super Sized?
Authors: Wynn Jonathan R.
Published: May 2004

This article studies the co-optation of bohemian life into the bourgeois realm—positioning contemporary cultural critics Peter Brooks and Thomas Frank within a critical discussion of the Beats and the social theories of the Frankfurt School. Personal concerns are connected with larger social issues, situating them within lived, autoethnographic experiences to facilitate sociological analysis. Although Adorno and Habermas avoid discussion of direct experience, Brooks avoids theoretical analysis; although the Beats idealize, Frank is overly pessimistic. By creating an equal place between historical discussion, personal reflection, theoretical analysis, and quotations from social theorists, this article offers a critical position between these modes of thought as well as raising questions of social change, identity, and class by taking McLaren’s postmodern flâneur and setting him on the road.
Hogan Dreams
Authors: Blumenfeld-Jones Donald S.
Published: May 2004

“Hogan Dreams” is a set of poems, autobiographical stories, theoretical musings and songs portraying a Navajo curriculum development project. In the Preamble to the piece, the author discusses the process of art making as being, in some ways, parallel to social science practices, thus qualifying art making as a legitimate form of research. The author also notes the ways in which art making is a distinctive form of research. In the Postscript to the piece, the author discusses how art making can be useful for the practice of evaluation as it allows evaluators and receivers of evaluations to have an experience that brings them into fruitful closer proximity with the situation under evaluation.
Is the National Research Council Committee’s Report on Scientific Research in Education Scientific? On Trusting the Manifesto
Authors: Popkewitz Thomas S.
Published: May 2004

The National Research Council Committee’s report, in part a response to congressional legislation, pursues an outline for the foundations of an education science necessary for policy making. This article focuses on these foundations and argues that they have little to do with science and its relation to policy may not be as fruitful as the committee believes. The so-called bedrocks of science are based on, at best, weak premises and an unrigorous understanding of the sociology, history, and philosophy of science. There is a nostalgia for a simple and ordered universe of science that never was. The resulting models of science embody a technological sublime that weaves together the procedures of administration and engineering with utopian visions and discourses of progress ordered by the expansion of its expertise. Finally, although the resulting framework was to relieve educational research of its “awful” reputation, the report may reinstitute and reinstantiate those very practices.
Thinking Outside the Box: An Exercise in Heresy
Authors: Atkinson Elizabeth
Published: May 2004

This article argues that the theme of the 2003 American Educational Research Association conference, “Accountability for Educational Quality: Shared Responsibility,” reflects a disturbing move in educational research away from inquiry and interrogation and toward the purpose of serving policy. This is related to wider political and rhetorical moves by which we both construct and are constructed by what Ball described as “global policyscapes” within which “thinking otherwise” becomes almost an impossibility. Our involvement, as educational researchers, in this process represents a form of collusion in our own oppression, the “organization of consent” embedded in Gramsci’s concept of hegemony, and there is an urgent need for a radical rethinking of our roles, rights, and responsibilities as researchers. A plea is made for a determined move toward “thinking outside the box” at a time when, and precisely because, to do so is conceived of as a form of heresy.
Woman Abuse and Self-Affirmation
Authors: LYNCH SHANNON M. , GRAHAM-BERMANN SANDRA A.
Published: May 2004

The authors hypothesized that self-affirmation would buffer the impact of woman abuse on self-esteem. Participants were 60 women who experienced physical violence during the past year and 60 women who did not experience physical violence in the past 12 months. The women completed scales measuring physical violence, psychological maltreatment, self-affirmation, and self-esteem. Both psychological maltreatment and self-affirmation significantly predicted the self-esteem of the currently battered women but were not predictive of self-esteem for the comparison women. These results suggest that self-affirmation may act as a buffer for women's self-esteem in the presence of violence.
Women's Hostility Toward Women and Rape and Sexual Harassment Myths
Authors: COWAN GLORIA
Published: May 2004

Women can contribute to the perpetuation of sexual violence when they support victim-blame. Participants were 155 college women who completed a questionnaire assessing hostility toward women; the beliefs that rape is caused by victim precipitation, male sexual needs, and male pathology; and victim-blaming sexual harassment beliefs. Significant relations were found for hostility toward women and the other measures, controlling for general hostility. The tendency of some women to support rape and sexual harassment myths may be based on the level of hostility toward women as a group.
A Comparison of Annual Incidence Rates and Contextual Characteristics of Intimate-Partner Violence Against Women from the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and the National Violence Against Women Survey (NVAWS)
Authors: BACHMAN RONET
Published: May 2004

It is not surprising that research employing diverse methodologies has yielded very different estimates of intimate-perpetrated violence against women. The purpose of this article is to provide a comparison of annual incident rates of rape and physical assault against women as estimated by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS)-sponsored National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Institute of Justice-cosponsored National Violence Against Women Survey. Several data restrictions were performed to make the data sets as comparable as possible, including restricting the NCVS data to include incidents of rape (not other sexual assaults) and physical assault against women 18 years of age and older. In addition, NCVS estimates included series incidents enumerated as “n” instead of 1, which is the custom for all BJS publications. The methodological eccentricities of each survey, which make comparisons tenuous, are described, and recommendations for policy are discussed.
Boys Against Girls
Authors: SCHISSEL BERNARD
Published: May 2004

This article contends that male youth violence against female youth is a formidable social problem that originates largely within the confines of patriarchal/profit-driven culture. Many factors that cause young men to be aggressive and abusive to young women originate within cultures of achievement such as sports, where aggression is equated with success and where girls and women are literally and figuratively relegated to exploited or denigrated positions. Using both an empirically based causal analysis of youth in Canada and a more descriptive analysis of several male contexts, the author tests and describes how personal and interpersonal experiences influence aggression toward young women and how these experiences often arise in contexts that are both ideological and profit driven.
How Batterer Program Participants Avoid Reassault
Authors: GONDOLF EDWARD W.
Published: May 2004

Men recruited for a multisite batterer program evaluation were asked how they avoided violence at each 3-month follow-up interval over a 15-month period (n = 443), and later asked how their sense of women and being a man had changed (n = 120). More than half (53%) of the men reported relying on interruption methods, 19% on discussion, and 5% on respect of women at 3 months after intake. These percentages remained constant over the 15-month follow-up period. A fifth of the men reported positive changes in their attitudes toward women, and more than a third changed to a “great extent,” according to their female partners. Men in the longer programs were more likely to use discussion or respect methods and to have changed to a great extent.
A Brave New World?
Authors: STEHLIK DANIELA
Published: May 2004

This article uses the metaphors of segregation and surveillance of women with disabilities historically, establishing links between current practices in genetics and past experiences. Following Foucault, the article argues for a “history of the present” through an appreciation of the many discursive narratives of the past. From recently completed research focusing on the lifelong caring undertaken by Western Australian parents of their children with intellectual disabilities, the genealogy of three influential discursive propositions of the early and mid-20th century are identified: eugenics, institutionalization, and motherhood. By their powerful present-day influence, such discourses affect the lives of women with disabilities, thus underpinning the inherent institutionalized violence of their day-to-day experience.
The Lived Experience of Battered Women
Authors: TAYLOR WENDY K. , MAGNUSSEN LOIS , AMUNDSON MARY JANE
Published: May 2004

In this phenomenological study, battered women from a multiethnic population in Hawaii provided descriptions of their lived experiences. Colaizzi's method was used to identify three major theme clusters that emerged from the data, reflecting how the women organized their stories: (a) painting the whole picture, (b) describing the violence, and (c) living with the consequences. Each major theme was further broken down into subthemes that described how it felt to live in an abusive situation. In reviewing the impact of culture, there were more similarities than differences among cultures.
“One Strike and You're Out”
Authors: RENZETTI CLAIRE M.
Published: May 2004

In March 1996, the “One strike and you're out” initiative, a federal policy to fight crime in public housing, became official when President Clinton signed the Housing Opportunity Program Extension Act of 1996. Touted by the federal government as a tough anticrime measure to make public housing safe for law-abiding residents, the primary targets of One Strike are supposed to be gangs, drug dealers, and violent criminals. However, this article examines the potentially harmful consequences of the One Strike policy for formerly and currently battered women. These harmful consequences include making it more difficult for a battered woman to leave her abuser and putting her at risk of losing her public housing lease because of the abuser's behavior. The article concludes by suggesting amendments to One Strike as well as raising questions that need to be addressed in future research.
Effects of Intimate Partner Violence Versus Poverty on Women's Health
Authors: SUTHERLAND CHERYL A. , SULLIVAN CRIS M. , BYBEE DEBORAH I.
Published: May 2004

This article investigated whether women's physical health symptoms were due to abuse, poverty, or both. A community sample of 397 women, about half of whom had been assaulted by an intimate partner, were interviewed about their income, experience of physical abuse, and physical health. Hierarchical multiple regression revealed that both income and physical abuse contributed to women's rates of physical health symptoms. Abuse contributed to the variance in physical health beyond that predicted by income level alone. Findings suggest that abuse by an intimate partner or ex-partner negatively affects women's health and is especially detrimental to the health of low-income women.
The Paradox of Women Arrested for Domestic Violence
Authors: MILLER SUSAN L.
Published: May 2004

Increasingly, women are being arrested for domestic violence charges as part of dual arrests (when their partner is also arrested) or as a result of their own actions. Could this phenomenon be explained by women's greater willingness to use violence against their abusive partners, or by a strict adherence by police and prosecutors to follow mandatoryor pro-arrest laws without examining the context of the incidents, or something else? This article explores this issue by examining one state's experience, using interview data from criminal justice professionals and service providers who deal directly with women arrested for domestic violence charges.
To Love Violently
Authors: Borochowitz Dalit Yassour , Eisikovits Zvi
Published: May 2004

This research describes and analyzes the strategies for reconciling love and violence among battered women and their abusive partners. The data were chosen from a purposive sample of 14 couples, and the research was conducted in the phenomenological tradition. Two avenues of reconciling emerged from the findings: one that presents love and violence as mutually functional and the other that creates a complete split between the two. These findings point to two important conclusions: (a) Feelings of love often exist between spouses, even in a violent environment, and (b) battered women and their partners often attach similar meanings to the connection between love and violence, or use the same strategies to split the two.
“Culturally Competent Responses” and “Children: Hidden Victims”
Authors: Warrier Sujata , Williams-Wilkins Beverly , Pitt Emily , Reece Robert M. , Groves Betsy Mcalister , Lieberman Alicia F. , Mcnamara Margaret
Published: May 2004

National experts discuss culturally competent domestic violence health care responses and children who witness domestic violence. Comments address culturally competent systems, research, and clinical responses in Native American, Latina immigrant, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities and effects on and responses to children who witness domestic violence.
An Empirical Investigation of the Psychological Sequelae of Childhood Sexual Abuse in an Adult Latina Population
Authors: Hinson Josie Vega , Koverola Catherine , Morahan Mary
Published: May 2004

This study examined the effects of childhood sexual abuse on perceived social support among Latino women using the Self-In-Relation theoretical orientation and the Comprehensive Model of Trauma Impact to examine the impact of child sexual abuse. Participants included 54 Latina survivors of child sexual abuse seeking mental health services. The relationship between affective distress, interpersonal sensitivity, and perceived social support was investigated. Findings revealed depression was a statistically significant predictor of interpersonal sensitivity, sr (3, 49) = .45, p < .005) and of perceived social support for both Important Person, r (47) = –.34, p < .05, and People in Personal Life, r (47) = –.38, p < .01. Clinical implications are discussed from a Latino cultural perspective.
Complexity of Patterns of Violence Against Women in Heterosexual Partnerships
Authors: Piispa Minna
Published: May 2004

Research on violence against women presents quite a stereotyped picture of the victims of partnership violence. There are important distinctions between the types of violence, characteristics of the victims and perpetrators, and the cultural contexts in which violence occurs, but the homogeneous image excludes these. The stereotyped picture of partner violence makes it difficult for both women themselves and professional helpers to identify partner violence and its mechanisms. The objective of this article is to show the diversity of partnership violence by using survey data.
Protecting the Child and the Family
Authors: Pulido Mary L. , Gupta Divya
Published: May 2004

This article presents preliminary data gathered from the pilot study of a domestic violence'screening tool conducted at a child advocacy center. Female caretakers of children who were being evaluated for sexual or physical abuse were screened. Of the caretakers, 67% reported a history of emotional abuse, 64% physical abuse, and 47% sexual abuse. Also, 20% of the women reported physical abuse during pregnancy, 8% reported sexual abuse, and 40% reported emotional abuse. Given the high incidence of the coexistence of child abuse and domestic violence in these families, child abuse evaluations need to assess for family safety.
Marital Violence Victimization and Perpetration Among Women Substance Abusers
Authors: Stuart Gregory L. , Ramsey Susan E. , Moore Todd M. , Kahler Christopher W. , Farrell Lyette E. , Recupero Patricia Ryan , Brown Richard A.
Published: May 2004

This study reports descriptive data assessing the impact of an intensive outpatient treatment for alcohol dependence on alcohol use, marital violence, psychological abuse, and marital satisfaction among 10 heterosexual female patients and their partners. Patients received 5 to 6 days of substance abuse treatment in a partial hospital program. Patient and partner assessments were conducted at baseline, 6-month follow-up, and 12-month follow-up. Results revealed decreased alcohol use in female patients as well as declines in the prevalence and frequency of husband-to-wife marital violence over time. Men evidenced no changes in their psychological abuse or marital satisfaction. Results also showed decreases in the prevalence and frequency of wife-to-husband violence and psychological abuse. Female patients reported no changes in their marital satisfaction. Overall, the study suggests that marital violence victimization and perpetration by female patients and their male partners declined following the females' substance abuse treatment. The clinical implications of the findings are discussed
Adolescents at Work
Authors: Fineran Susan
Published: May 2004

This study describes adolescents' experiences with sexual harassment while working part-time and attending high school. In a sample of 712 high school students, 35% of the 332 students who work part-time report experiencing sexual harassment (63% girls, 37% boys). Results revealed that there are differences in the experience of sexual harassment by gender, work relationship, and emotional reaction. Students experienced harassment from supervisors (19%), coworkers (61%), and unidentified others at work (18%). Girls reported being significantly more upset and threatened by the sexual harassment they experienced at work than boys reported
Male Customers of Prostituted Women
Authors: Busch NoËl Bridget , Bell Holly , Hotaling Norma , Monto Martin A.
Published: May 2004

This study explores the underlyingstructure of the perceptions of 1,342 men arrested for tryingto hire a prostituted woman on the street. The analysis identified eight structural dimensions that accounted for 47% of the explained variance. Three factors contained items reflectingpatriarchal views of women and perceived entitlement to power and control, which are issues that could lead men to exhibit violence. Findings suggest that lower levels of education, conservative attitudes toward sexuality, more frequent pornography use, and traumatic life experiences may be related to entitlement to power and control factors, which in turn could be used to justify violence against women.