bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-based analyses reveal new candidate genes associated with risk of hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Author) Deke Jiang(Former Corresponding , Deng Jiaen , Dong Changzheng , Ma Xiaopin , Xiao Qianyi , Zhou Bin , Yang Chou , Wei Lin , Conran Carly , Zheng S. Lilly , Ng Irene Oi-lin , Yu Long , Xu Jianfeng , Sham Pak C. , Qi Xiaolong , Hou Jinlin , Ji Yuan , Cao Guangwen , Author) Miaoxin Li(New Corresponding
Published: April 2020

Background: Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have suggested several susceptibility loci of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by statistical analysis at individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). However, these loci only explain a small fraction of HBV-related HCC heritability. In the present study, we aimed to identify additional susceptibility loci of HBV-related HCC using advanced knowledge-based analysis.Methods: We performed knowledge-based analysis (including gene- and gene-set-based association tests) on variant-level association p-values from two existing GWASs of HBV-related HCC. Five different types of gene-sets were collected for the association analysis. A number of SNPs within the gene prioritized by the knowledge-based association tests were selected to replicate genetic associations in an independent sample of 965 cases and 923 controls.Results: The gene-based association analysis detected four genes significantly or suggestively associated with HBV-related HCC risk: SLC39A8, GOLGA8M, SMIM31, and WHAMMP2. The gene-set-based association analysis prioritized two promising gene set for HCC, cell cycle G1/S transition and NOTCH1 intracellular domain regulates transcription. Within the gene sets, three promising candidate genes (CDC45, NCOR1 and KAT2A) were further prioritized for HCC. Among genes of liver-specific expression, multiple genes previously implicated in HCC were also highlighted. However, probably due to small sample size, none of the genes prioritized by the knowledge-based association analyses were successfully replicated in the independent sample. Conclusions: This comprehensive knowledge-based association mining study suggested several promising genes and gene-sets associated with HBV-related HCC risks, which would facilitate follow-up functional studies on the pathogenic mechanism of HCC.
Primary validation of Charm II tests for the detection of antimicrobial residues in a range of aquaculture fish
Authors: Mukota Aziz Kimera , Gondam Melanie Flore Kamini , Tsafack Julie Judith Takadong , Sasanya James , Reybroeck Wim , Ntale Muhammad , Nyanzi Steven Allan , Tebandeke Emmanuel
Published: April 2020

The study carried out a primary validation of Charm II tests for the detection of antimicrobial residues in aquaculture fish. The Validation was performed according to European Commission Decision 2002/657/EC and the parameters determined included: detection capability, repeatability, reproducibility, specificity and robustness for the detection of antimicrobial residues in fish. Fish materials from different species including cat fish, trout, salmon, sea bass, tilapia, lingue and pangasius, were spiked with varying concentrations of selected antibiotics including sulfonamides, beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines and aminoglycosides to determine the detection capabilities and other validation parameters of the Charm II tests. Results of the validation showed that the detection capabilities for the tetracyclines ranged from 25 µg/kg to 100 µg/kg, while the sulfonamides and aminoglycosides were detected at 25 µg/kg for all species under study. The detection capabilities for the beta-lactams ranged from 25 µg/kg to 300 µg/kg; and was 100 µg/kg for the tested macrolides. Results of the study showed that there was no significant difference between counts for samples read immediately after addition of the scintillation fluid and those read fourteen hours after addition of the scintillation fluid, provided that there was good vortexing before analysis. There was also no significant difference between counts for the same samples analyzed in different runs under repeatability and reproducibility conditions at the same spiking concentrations for the different fish species analyzed. The relative standard deviation for both repeatability and reproducibility ranged from 1.2 to 15.1%.The Charm II tests were found to be 100% group specific, as none of the antimicrobials kits, gave false positive results when testing non-target antimicrobial drugs. Results of this study demonstrate the suitability of the Charm II technique as a rapid screening tool for detection of antimicrobial residues in a variety of fish species at Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) established in the EU guidelines, with the exception of tilmicosin which was detected at 2MRL. The results also prove the robustness, specificity, reliability and precision of the Charm II assay in the detection of various antimicrobial residuals in fish and its applicability for the rapid evaluation of the quality of aquaculture fish for safety and trade purposes.
A modified version of the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) in Iranian people
Authors: Nejatian Mahboobeh , Tehrani Hadi , Momenian Vahideh , Jafari Alireza
Published: April 2020

Background: The risk rate for the lifetime prevalence of any mental disorder is 50%, and the prevalence of mental disorders is increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) in Iranian people.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted with a multi-stage sampling method with the participation of 1273 people in the general population. After searching and reviewing various sources, the research team decided to use the questionnaire of MHLS with 35 items and 6 attributes that measured and developed by O'Connor et al. The face, content, and construct validity (Confirmatory factor analysis) were used for validation of MHLS. McDonald’s omega coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient were used to calculate the reliability of MHLS. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed using AMOS software Version 24.Results: In the CFA test, the six items were deleted and the final modified version of the MHLS included a total of 29 items with six attributes consisted of (a) knowledge of where to seek information (4 items), (b) ability to recognize disorders (8 items), (c) knowledge of self-treatment (2 items), (d) knowledge of risk factors and causes (2 items), (e) attitudes that promote recognition or appropriate help-seeking behavior (10 items), and (f) knowledge of professional help available (3 items). Based on the results of reliability, McDonald’s omega and Cronbach's alpha for all attributes of MHLS were 0.797 and 0.789 respectively.Conclusion: Due to the lack of appropriate instruments for measuring mental health literacy in the Iranian population, the modified version of MHLS with 29 items and 6 attributes is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring mental health literacy in the public population.
Classification of vulnerability levels using multivariate biomarkers in schizophrenia: a machine-learning approach
Authors: Caldani Simona , Vialatte François-Benoît , Baelde Aurélien , Bucci Maria Pia , Bendjemaa Narjes , Mam-Lam-Fook Célia , Gaillard Raphaël , Krebs Marie-Odile , Amado Isabelle
Published: April 2020

Background: Schizophrenia is a heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disease involving cognitive and motor impairments. Motor dysfunctions, such as eye movements or neurological soft signs, are proposed as endophenotypic markers. Methods: Supervised machine-learning methods (Support Vector Machines) applied on oculomotor performances using comprehensive testing with prosaccades, antisaccades, memory-guided saccade tasks and smooth pursuit, as well as neurological soft signs assessment, was used to discriminate patients with schizophrenia (SZ, N=53), full siblings of patients (FS, N=45) and healthy volunteers (C, N=48). 80% of patients were used in a training/validation set and 20% on a test set. The discrimination was measured using the classification error (rate of misclassified patients).Results: The most reliable classification was between C and SZ, with only 15% and 12% of error rates for validation and test, whereas the SZ vs. FS classification provided the highest error rates (32% of error rate in both validation and test). Interestingly, neurological soft signs were selected as the best predictor, together with a combination of measures, for the two classifications: C vs. SZ, SZ vs. FS. In addition, memory-guided saccades were consistently selected among the best two multimodal features for the classifications involving the control group (C vs. SZ or FS). Conclusions: Taken together, these results emphasize the importance of neurological soft signs and sensitive oculomotor parameters, especially memory-guided saccades. This classification provides promising avenues for improving early detection of / early intervention in psychosis.
Salivary cytokines in children with nephrotic syndrome versus healthy children: a comparative study
Authors: Pollak David , Borovitz Yael , Levy Dana , Klein Yehuda , Bernfeld Nathalie , Davidovits Miriam , Davidovich Esti
Published: April 2020

Background: The aims of this study were to compare salivary cytokines and total protein, between children with nephrotic syndrome and healthy children; and to examine whether saliva parameters can differentiate between steroid sensitivity and resistance, and between disease remission and relapse. Methods: Twenty-seven children with nephrotic syndrome were classified according to steroid sensitivity and resistance, and disease remission and relapse. Twenty healthy children served as controls. Whole saliva samples were collected from all the participants. Urine and blood tests done on the same day as the saliva collection were recorded. Salivary total protein was quantified using bicinchoninic acid; and IFNγ, IL-4, IL-8, IL-6 and IL1β levels using ELISA. Results: The mean ages of the nephrotic syndrome and control groups were 11.3±2.4 and 9±4.2, respectively. Compared to the control group, for the nephrotic syndrome group, total salivary protein was significantly lower; as were the levels of all the cytokines examined except IFNγ. Statistically significant differences were not found in any of the salivary markers examined, between the children with nephrotic syndrome who were treatment sensitive (n=19) and resistant (n=8). Protein and IL-8 salivary levels were lower in the active (n=7) than in the remission (n=20) group. Conclusions: Salivary parameters distinguished children with nephrotic syndrome in relapse from healthy children. This may be due to decreased salivary protein excretion, which reflects decreased plasma levels, consequent to proteinuria. Accordingly, salivary markers may be developed as a diagnostic or screening tool for NS activity.
Baropodometric parameters variation with body weight loss: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Lanuza-Cerzócimo Carla , Alfaro-Santafé Javier , Almenar-Arasanz Alejandro-Jesús , Alfaro-Santafé José-Víctor , Pérez-Morcillo Aitor , Gómez-Bernal Antonio
Published: April 2020

Background One of the major public health problems of the 21 st century is obesity. Baropodometry is commonly used to determine specific loads on the plantar surface of the foot and the comportment of the body center of pressure (CoP). To evaluate the redistribution of the baropodometric parameters: static and dynamic plantar pressures and antero – posterior CoP, by decreasing body weight. Methods A sample of 43 subjects (24 male, 19 female) participated in the study. A hypocaloric diet was designed with the aim to reduce their body weight. The baropodometric exam was performed in two occasions: weight 1 – Session 1 and weight 2 – Session 2, when they had lost between 12 and 18 kg. The foot was divided in 9 areas: heel, midfoot, 5 metatarsal heads (MTHs), Hallux, 2-5 toes. The Footwork® pressure platform was used to carry out the evaluation. Results Subjects reduce an 11.59% their mean weight. Foot pressure decrease was statistically significant between the first and second measurements (p < 0.05). For the static on the Hallux, 2 nd MTH, 3 rd MTH, 5 th MTH and heel, while for the dynamic the pressure decreases on the whole study areas except on the 2 nd and 5 th toes. For the CoP, a notable posterior displacement was observed. There were no gender differences.Conclusion We can conclude that weight loss affected positively to both plantar pressures and CoP, since statistically significant changes were observed in the baropodometric parameters between the two times studied.
Two-Body Wear of Occlusal Splint Materials Against Different Antagonists
Authors: Domanic Kubra Yildiz , Aslan Yilmaz Umut , Ozkan Yasemin
Published: April 2020

Background: This study aimed to demonstrate that the material of the occlusal splint can be chosen according to the needs of individual patients and contribute to the knowledge of the wear rate of these materials.Methods: In this study four occlusal splints materials (Sr Ivocap Heat Cured, Valplast, SR Ivocap Elastomer and Eclipse were selected. As antagonist materials natural tooth enamel, inCoris TZI and IPS e.max Press ceramic materials were used. Each wear test was performed using a chewing simulator (n=16; test load: 50 N; number of cycles: 10,000, 20,000 and 30,000; continuous rinsing with water at 30°C for the wet condition).Results: There was a statistically significant effect of the difference in materials on the amount of wear (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant difference among the mean values of all materials (p > 0.001). The highest mean value was obtained with Eclipse (0,318 mm3), and the lowest mean value was obtained with Valplast (0,134 mm3).Conclusion: Our study found differences in the in vitro wear rate among various occlusal splint materials.
The application of team-based learning in emotional intelligence training for medical students: A pre–post-test study
Authors: Yang Wenjiao , Chen Yu , Gao YuanMin , Wang Jing , Fang Fan , Xiao JuLan
Published: April 2020

Background

Emotional intelligence represents a person’s interpersonal and communication competencies, and influences medical students and their clinical careers. The aim is to evaluate the impact of team-based learning in an emotional intelligence training intervention among Chinese medical students.

Methods

This is a quasi-experimental, one-group pre–post-test assessment. A convenience sample of medical university students took an elective course in emotional management recruited for this study. An emotional management course was designed to provide college students with basic knowledge about emotional regulation and to provide opportunities for emotional management practice. The course composed of traditional face-to-face education and the new style of teamwork. They completed the educational modules using their personal computers or cell phones. Using the Emotional Intelligence Scale, Caring Ability Inventory, and a course evaluation questionnaire, two research assistants collected data before and after delivery of the intervention. Descriptive statistics were calculated for sociodemographic data. Categorical data were described as frequencies, and continuous data were expressed as means. Differences in respondent characteristics between the pre- and post-intervention assessments were investigated using the chi-squared test. The paired-samples t test was used to investigate differences between pre- and post-intervention. Ninety-eight students completed the pre-intervention questionnaire and 82 students completed the post-intervention questionnaire.

Results

The intervention improved students’ emotional intelligence and caring ability, as indicated by increased scores in perceiving and expressing emotions (t = 7.045, P < 0.01), regulating emotions (t = 6.094, P < 0.001), knowing (t = 4.268, P < 0.001), and courage (t = 4.842, P < 0.001). Students' average course evaluation ratings were >4 points (The total score is 5.).

Conclusions

This intervention has the potential to influence medical students’ emotional intelligence and caring behavior.
Histone H4 Aggravates Inflammatory Injury Mainly Through TLR4 in Chlorine Gas Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Zhang Yanlin , Zhao Jian , Guan Li , Mao Lijun , Li Shuqiang , Zhao Jinyuan
Published: April 2020

Background: Chlorine gas (Cl2) exposure remains a public health concern in household, occupational, and transportation accidents around the world. The death rate associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) caused by high concentrations of Cl2 is very high, mainly because the pathogenesis of ARDS is still not very clear. Histone H4 has been identified as an important endogenous pro-inflammatory molecule. The present work aimed to study the pathogenic role of histone H4 in Cl2 induced ARDS. Methods: ARDS was induced by Cl2 exposure in male C57BL/6 mice. Circulating histone H4, blood gas, pulmonary edema, endothelial activation, and neutrophil infiltration were measured during acute lung injury. Histone H4 or anti-H4 antibody was administered through tail vein 1h prior to Cl2 exposure to study the pathogenic role of histone H4. The Toll-like receptor 2 knock-out (Tlr2-KO), Tlr4-KO mice and the blocking antibody against TLR1, TLR2, TLR4 or TLR6 were used to explore the mechanism involved in histone H4 mediated injury. Results: Cl2 exposure induced a concentration dependent acute lung injury. The levels of circulating histone H4 were positively correlated with the concentrations of Cl2. Pretreatment with intravenous histone H4 further aggravated lethality rate, blood gas, endothelial activation, and neutrophil infiltration while the anti-H4 antibody showed protective effects. The deﬁciency of Tlr4 improved lethality rate, blood gas, and pulmonary edema; prevented endothelial and neutrophil activation caused by Cl2 exposure. More importantly, the gene deletion of Tlr4 diminished greatly the effect of histone H4 or anti-H4 antibody observed in the wild-type (WT) mice. The impact of Tlr2 on inflammatory injury was not significant. The role of TLRs was also validated by endothelial activation mediated by histone H4 in vitro. Conclusions: Circulating histone H4 played a pro-inflammatory role in ARDS caused by Cl2. TLR4 was closely involved in histone H4 mediated inflammatory injury. The intervention targeted at histone H4 is potentially protective.
Effects on applying Micro-Film Case-Based Learning model in pediatrics education
Authors: Pan Yuan , Chen Xiuqi , Wei Qiuwen , Zhao Jinmin , Chen Xun
Published: April 2020

Background: By establishing an innovative teaching model, teachers and students can optimize the education outcome. Lecture-Based Learning (LBL) model has long been widely used as main teaching method in medical course in Chinese culture with a positive result of grades, however, negative of practice. Case-Based Learning (CBL) model modified it by focusing on clinical case study, yet with its limitations. The aim of our study is to discuss the effect of applying a comprehensive renewal CBL model: Micro-Film Case Based Learning (MF+CBL) Model, in pediatrics theoretical course in senior year students under Chinese culture.Methods: Experimental research was conducted by parallel group control study. The total sample was 104 senior year students (Chinese) majoring in clinical medicine from Guangxi Medical University. The experimental group was intervened by MF+CBL model, while the control group by LBL model. Both process and result were assessed after 8-week courses, by questionnaires of Student Self-Assessment, Satisfaction Survey and Final examination.Results: The outcome of experimental group generally surpassed control group in Student Self-Assessment, Satisfaction Survey, and Final examination. The open question at the end of the questionnaire yet unfolded a fact that a small number of students were not used to the MF+CBL model due to its time and energy consuming feature.Conclusions: MF+CBL model was an innovative teaching method, compared with LBL, with a better contribution of comprehensive quality development，which offered an alternative model to optimize the capacity of future pediatrics doctors.
Optimal initial cell density that yields the highest number of primary synovial mesenchymal stem cells in a clinical setting
Authors: Horiuchi Kiyotaka , Mizuno Mitsuru , Katano Hisako , Endo Kentaro , Ozeki Nobutale , Tsuji Kunikazu , Koga Hideyuki , Sekiya Ichiro
Published: April 2020

Background Synovial mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation improved clinical outcomes in knees with cartilage defects and after repairs of degenerative torn menisci. For these, nucleated cells were cultured with 10% autologous serum for 14 days. Importantly, nucleated cell number and serum volume practically varied by patient, and initial cell density and dish number affected yield/donor. Our purpose was to examine the effect of plating density within range in clinical studies on fold increase and to estimate the MSC yield/donor, which are affected by the nucleated cell number and serum volume. Methods We obtained the data of the autologous serum volume, nucleated cell number, and initial plating cell density from 10 patients who participated in our previous clinical studies. Experimentally, synovial nucleated cells harvested from three patients with osteoarthritis during total knee arthroplasty were cultured with 10% mixed allogenic human serum for 14 days to examine the effect of initial cell density on fold increase. We used both our previous clinical data and our current experimental data to predict the yields of synovial MSCs in nine cases within the range of clinical studies. Results In the clinical studies, collected serum ranged between 87 and 186 ml, harvested nucleated cells ranged between 6.2 and 23 million, and the top five total MSC yields were obtained from donors when the initial plating cell density ranged from 919 to 1905 cells/cm 2 . Experimentally, fold increase significantly decreased between 700 and 1,900 cells/cm 2 . In cases where the cell number was low and the serum volume was high, the estimated yield/donor decreased along with the initial density, while in cases where the cell number was high and the serum volume was low, the estimated yield/donor increased along with the initial density. In cases both where some nucleated cells were discarded at low density and no cells were discarded at high density, the maximum yield/donor were obtained when the initial density was the lowest density that does not discard cells. Conclusions There was an optimal initial density that yields the highest number of primary MSCs in a clinical setting when cell numbers and human serum volumes are limited.
Ovarian reserve after three-step laparoscopic surgery for endometriomas utilizing dienogest: a non-randomized prospective pilot study
Authors: Kitajima Michio , Matsumoto Kanako , Murakami Naoko , Harada Ayumi , Kitajima Yuriko , Masuzaki Hideaki , Miura Kiyonori
Published: April 2020

BackgroundSurgery for endometriomas may cause detrimental effects on ovarian reserve. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of three-step laparoscopic surgery for endometriomas utilizing novel progestin, dienogest in terms of post -surgical ovarian reserve.MethodsTwelve women received first look laparoscopy (FLL) with fenestration and drainage. Immediately after the surgery, they took oral dienogest 2mg for three months, then they received second look laparoscopy (SLL) with cystectomy. We compared the effects on ovarian reserve by serum AMH levels between women had three step management with dienogst and another twelve women had　conventional one-step surgery without medications. In women had three-step surgery with dienogest, the changes in concentration of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1) in peritoneal fluids were evaluated.ResultsSerum AMH levels were significantly decreased after three months of dienogest following FLL. AMH levels were also significantly decreased 3-6 month both after SLL and after one-step surgery, however, recovery of serum AMH levels at 9-12 months after surgery were evident in women had three-step surgery comparing to those of women had one-step surgery. Proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in peritoneal fluids were down regulated at the time of SLL comparing to those of FLL.ConclusionsThree-step surgery with dienogest may be a beneficial approach to protect ovarian reserve. Dienogest may exert its effects in part by lowering proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
Growth patterns and associated risk factors of congenital malformations in twins
Authors: Piro Ettore , Schierz Ingrid Anne Mandy , Serra Gregorio , Puccio Giuseppe , Giuffrè Mario , Corsello Giovanni
Published: April 2020

Background: The rate of twinning continues to increase due to the combined effect of a rise in parental age and increased use of assisted reproductive technology. The risk of congenital anomalies in twins is higher than in singletons, but it is less well reported in relation to growth patterns. We focused to the auxological outcome of twin pregnancies when one or both of twins are affected by one or more malformations. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study reviewing the clinical charts of twins admitted in the period between January 2003 and December 2018 at the University Hospital of Palermo. The associations between malformations and anthropometric variables at birth were analyzed by comparison within each twin pair and regarding each variable as ordered difference between the two twins. Results: We studied data of 488 neonates (52% females) from 244 pregnancies. The rate of major congenital anomalies was 11%, affecting significantly the smaller twin (p = .00018; Odds ratio 3.21; 95% CI 1.65 6.59). Malformation class distribution was as following: genitourinary (24%), gastrointestinal (20%), cardiovascular (18.5%), musculoskeletal (11%), central nervous system (9%), syndromic (9%), ocular (5.5%) and diaphragmatic hernia (2%). The most predictive value, the Birthweight (BW) difference mean ratio in malformed versus not malformed neonates (-0.31 vs 0.02; p= .0016) was distributed equally lower than zero in all malformed twins, except for those with congenital heart defects ( p= .0000083). Microcephaly (head circumference <2 standard deviation, SD) was present in 3% of symmetrically smaller twin, and severe microcephaly (<3 SD) was present in 0.6%. We found that an intertwin BW discordance of 18% or greater identified 50% of neonates with microcephaly, but only 11% of malformed twins. Conclusions: In case of one twin with a BW <10 th centile, a concomitant intertwin BW discordance ≥18% could reveal an increased risk for microcephaly but not for malformation. Lower values of BW, Ponderal index, Body mass index but above all negative value of BW difference mean ratio are associated with malformations in twin pairs.
A rare symptom of ofactory dysfunction in coronavirus disease 2019: report of three cases
Authors: ChenChen  , Chen Moxian , Cheng Cong , Chi Yun , Hu Zhiliang , Liu Yuan , Huang Shan , Lv Yanling , Liang Chongfeng , Jiao Damin , Yi Yongxiang , Zhang Xia , Sun Wenkui , Wei Hongxia
Published: April 2020

Three patients of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) showed the symptoms of olfactory dysfunction. Clinical characteristics and treatment were retrospective analyzed. Olfactory disorders are uncommon symptoms of COVID-19. Early diagnosis and intervention are key to the recovery of olfactory disorders. Particular attention should be devoted to rare symptoms of COVID-19.
The “Talk Test” is a practical tool to determine aerobic training zones in overweight and obese patients.
Authors: Orizola-Cáceres Ignacio , Cerda-Kohler Hugo , Burgos-Jara Carlos , Meneses-Valdes Roberto , Gutierrez-Pino Rafael , Sepulveda Carlos
Published: April 2020

Background: to validate the traditional talk test (TTT) and an alternative talk test (ATT; using a visual analog scale) in overweight/obese (OW-OB) patients and to establish its accuracy in determining the aerobic training zones.Methods: We recruited 19 subjects aged 34.9 ± 6.7 years, diagnosed with overweight/obesity (BMI 31.8 ± 5.7). Every subject underwent incremental cycloergometric tests for maximal oxygen consumption, and TT in a randomized order. At the end of each stage during the TT each subject read out loud a 40 words text and then had to identify the comfort to talk in two modalities: TTT which consisted in answering “Yes”, “I don’t know” or “No” to the question Was talking comfortable?, or ATT through a 1 to 10 numeric perception scale (visual scale analog: VAS). The magnitude of differences was interpreted in comparison to the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) and was used to determine agreement.Results: Agreement between the power output at the VAS 2-3 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 1 (very likely equivalent; mean difference -1.3 W, 90 % CL (-8.2; 5.6), % chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.7/99.1/0.2 %). Also, there was an agreement between the power output at the VAS 6-7 of ATT and the power output at the ventilatory threshold 2 (very likely equivalent; mean difference 11.1 W, 90 % CL (2.8; 19.2), % chances for higher/similar/lower values of 0.0/97.6/2.4 %). Conclusions: ATT is a tool to determine exercise intensity and to establish aerobic training zones for exercise prescription in OW-OB patients.
Clubfoot treatment with Ponseti method – Parental distress during plaster casting
Authors: Walter Christian , Sachsenmaier Saskia , Wünschel Markus , Teufel Martin , Götze Marco
Published: April 2020

Background: Clubfoot is one of the most prevalent musculoskeletal congenital defects. Gold standard treatment of idiopathic clubfoot is the conservative Ponseti method, including the reduction of deformity with weekly serial plaster casting and percutaneous Achilles tenotomy. It is well known that parents of children with severe and chronic illnesses are mentally stressed, but in recent studies regarding clubfoot treatment, parents were only asked about their satisfaction with the treatment. Largely unknown is parental distress before and during plaster casting in clubfoot.Therefore, we want to determinate first, how pronounced the parents' worries are before treatment and if they decrease during the therapy. Second, we hypothesized that parents faced with an extreme deformity (high Pirani-Score), reveal more distress, than parents whose children have a less pronounced deformity (low Pirani-Score). Therefore, we wanted to investigate weather the Pirani score correlates with the parents' mental resilience in relation to the therapy of the child as a global distress parameter.Methods: To answer this question, we developed a questionnaire with the following emphases: Physical capacity, mental resilience, motion score, parents score and child score with point scores 1 (not affected) to 6 (high affected). Subsequently, we interviewed 20 parents whose children were treated with clubfeet and determined the Pirani score of the infants at the beginning (T0) and at the end (TE) of the treatment with plaster casting.Results: High values were obtained in child score (Mean (M) = 3.11), motion score (M = 2.63) and mental resilience (M = 2.25) and. During treatment, mental resilience improved (p = 0.015) significantly. The Spearmann correlation coefficient between Pirani-Score (T0) and mental resilience (T0) is 0.21, so the initial hypothesis had to be rejected. Conclusion: The issues of the children are in the focus of parental worries concerning clubfoot treatment, especially the assumed future motion and the assumed ability to play with other children. Particular emphasis should be placed on educating parents about the excellent long-term results in the function of the treated feet especially as this topic shows the greatest parental distress.
Building a non-homogeneous environment for high effective cooling in the face of deep mines
Authors: Li Xian , Fu Houli
Published: April 2020

Heat exhaustion of mining environments can cause a great threat to human health. The existing cooling strategies for the mine face aim to cool the whole face. However, the area of effective air-cooling space for the face is small, and a great amount of energy for cooling is ineffective. Effective air-cooling space is a space occupied by the workers in the face. This study proposed to build a non-homogeneous environment for high effective cooling in the face. An inlet air cooler was laid out in the intake airway to cool the whole face to some extent, and the tracking air cooler was designed to track the worker who constantly moved to improve the thermal environment. The cooling load and air distribution for this cooling strategy were investigated. In addition, the airflow in the face was numerically solved to estimate the cooling effect. The results revealed that an average energy saving of approximately 35% could be achieved. The thermal environment of the effective air-cooling space within at least 10 m was significantly improved. This cooling strategy should be taken into account in mine cooling.
Absence of High Penetrance Genes Mutations in Familial Breast Cancer in Mizo-Mongloid Population, Northeast India
Authors: Zodinpuii Doris , Zothankima Bawitlung , Pautu Jeremy Lalrinsanga , Lallawmzuali Doris , Varma Ashok Kumar , Varma Ashok kumar , Muthukumaran Rajendra Bose , Kumar Nachimuthu Senthil
Published: April 2020

Background: Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer and leading cause of death among women globally. The present study focuses on screening germline mutations of breast cancer susceptibility genes among the unexplored Mizo breast cancers of culturally and historically homogenous population, living a unique life style habits in terms of diet and tobacco usage. Methods Mutation screening was performed using Sanger sequencing in complete coding region of BRCA1 and frequently mutated exons of TP53, PTEN, CDH1, CHEK2 and XRCC2. Several online mutation prediction tools and databases were used to check the pathogenicity of the polymorphisms observed. Results: We observed eight polymorphisms in total, in which, one variants p.P1544P in BRCA1 gene was found to be novel. No variants were found to have a potential impact on protein since all the polymorphisms are of silent substitutions. No genetic alteration was observed in the studied exons of each of TP53, PTEN, CDH1, CHEK2 and XRCC2. Conclusion: To our knowledge, the present study focusing on familial breast cancer is the first time to analyzed the prevalence of breast cancer susceptibility gene mutations using direct sequencing in Mizo population. Even though, we do not find significant amino acid change, our results suggest the need for further evaluation of broader panel genes and a challenge to screen larger sample size to establish the contribution of these gene mutations in this population.
Quantity not quality: promoting sustainable wastewater practices in Jordan
Authors: Mohammad Alsharifa Hind , Hazimeh Wisam , Shatanawi Khaldoun , Abualhaija Mahmoud
Published: April 2020

Jordan, the second most water-scarce country in the world, is gradually increasing its reliance on treated wastewater for its water supply; more than 90% of treated wastewater is used either in agricultural or industrial activities in Jordan. However, in Jordan, all treated wastewater plants are constructed upstream of dams, the latter being used to store treated wastewater. Most dams in the country were originally constructed to collect freshwater through rainfalls. Mixing this source of freshwater with treated wastewater decreases the dams' water quality. This study examines the effects of mixing freshwater with treated wastewater in dams by comparing water samples from the outflows of selected wastewater treatment plants and different dams with historical hydrochemical data of dam water before the diversion of treated wastewater. This study finds that the quality of dam water, in which freshwater has been mixed with treated wastewater, notably decreases. Hence, this study formulates policy recommendations on how to ensure a sustainable water supply that ensures the quality necessary to different water uses, making the suggestion of a separate storage system in dams.
Evaluating nitrite oxidizing organism survival under different nitrite concentrations
Authors: Liu Bing , Li Yifan , Wu Jinzhu , Shao Yuanyuan , Chen Feiyong , Wu Jer-Horng , Goel Rajeev , Terashima Mitsuharu , Yasui Hidenari
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study is to explore the optimal pre-treatment procedures and statistics methods for live/dead bacterial staining using nitrite oxidizing organism (NOO) as the research aim. This staining method was developed and widely utilized to evaluate activated bacterial survival situation, because it is direct and convenience to count live and dead bacteria amount by colour distinguishes (green/red) from pictures taken by microscope. The living cell (green colour) percentage and initial bacterial chemical oxygen demand (COD) could be used for accurate reaction rate calculation at the beginning of tests. While according to the physiological principles, the detection target was limited as the organism has a complete cell shape, that was applicable for the initial phase for decay stage (live cell → particulate dead cell), but it is impossible to evaluate the decayed soluble COD from particulate dead cell during whole reaction. To model the decay stage scientifically, a two-step decay model was developed to cater to the live/dead bacterial staining analysis of biological nitrite oxidizer under inhibition condition of high nitrite concentrations at 35 °C. As results of optimal pre-treatment, a three level ultrasonic wave with 45 seconds was explored, as a reasonable observed picture number, 30 sets with 95% confident interval for datasets statistics was summarized. A set of nitrite oxidizer inhibition test (total CODs and oxygen uptake rates) under high nitrite concentrations was simulated using the above model and obtained experimental schemes. Additionally, the disintegration enhancement from particulate dead cell to soluble COD by nitrite was inspected and modelled on the basis of experimental datasets.
Anxiety Disorders’ Effect on College and University Students’ Mental Health: A Common and Growing Concern
Authors: Pesko Matthew J.
Published: April 2020

Anxiety disorders are commonly experienced by college and university students
and should be routinely assessed in mental health settings. Epidemiological studies suggest
that the burden of these illnesses has greatly expanded even over the past decade. Factors
that contribute to the experience of an anxiety disorder in a young adult student population
are considered herein. The best practice for evaluation and treatment of these disorders is
presented based on the review of available literature in this field. Special attention is paid
to the concept of resilience as it pertains to anxiety disorders in the student population.
Using Digital Technology to Reduce the Prevalence of Mental Health Disorders in Populations: Time for a New Approach
Authors: Taylor C Barr , Ruzek Josef I , Fitzsimmons-Craft Ellen E , Sadeh-Sharvit Shiri , Topooco Naira , Weissman Ruth Striegel , Eisenberg Daniel , Mohr David , Graham Andrea , Jacobi Corinna , Oldenburg Brian
Published: April 2020

Digital technology, which includes the collection, analysis, and use of data from a variety of digital devices, has the potential to reduce the prevalence of disorders and improve mental health in populations. Among the many advantages of digital technology is that it allows preventive and clinical interventions, both of which are needed to reduce the prevalence of mental health disorders, to be feasibly integrated into health care and community delivery systems and delivered at scale. However, the use of digital technology also presents several challenges, including how systems can manage and implement interventions in a rapidly changing digital environment and handle critical issues that affect population-wide outcomes, including reaching the targeted population, obtaining meaningful levels of uptake and use of interventions, and achieving significant outcomes. We describe a possible solution, which is to have an outcome optimization team that focuses on the dynamic use of data to adapt interventions for populations, while at the same time, addressing the complex relationships among reach, uptake, use, and outcome. We use the example of eating disorders in young people to illustrate how this solution could be implemented at scale. We also discuss system, practitioner-related, and other issues related to the adaptation of such an approach. Digital technology has great potential for facilitating the reduction of mental illness rates in populations. However, achieving this goal will require the implementation of new approaches. As a solution, we argue for the need to create outcome optimization teams, tasked with integrating data from various sources and using advanced data analytics and new designs to develop interventions/strategies to increase reach, uptake, use/engagement, and outcomes for both preventive and treatment interventions.
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA TERHADAP MATA KULIAH AL ISLAM DAN KEMUHAMMADIYAHAN (AIK) : INTERNALISASI NILAI-NILAI AIK BAGI MAHASISWA
Authors: . Faridi
Published: April 2020

Faridi *)Fakultas Agama Islam UMMABSTRACTThis paper discusses the perceptions of students in the process of internalizing thevalues of AIK for UMM students. The problem that occurs in the internalization ofvalues AIK includes learning methods used and the emphasis AIK on purely scientificaspect or Islam as a scientific discipline. Islam should be taught as a value, by reason ofthe students who took AIK does not want to be a priest /cleric, but want to becomeprofessional workers in accordance with their respective faculty choice, here AIK valuesis necessary.Kata Kunci :Persepsi Mahasiswa, Internalisasi, AIK
PEMIKIRAN KHOMEINI TENTANG PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK (SEBUAH KAJIAN ONTOLOGI DAN EPISTIMOLOGI
Authors: Anwar Khoirul
Published: April 2020

PEMIKIRAN KHOMEINI TENTANG PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK(SEBUAH KAJIAN ONTOLOGI DAN EPISTIMOLOGI)Oleh :Khoirul Anwar *)ABSTRACTThe phenomenon of anomaly attitude was occurred in adolescent, especially students make manypeople argues that to revive the character education is important. It is presumed, that the anomalyattitude of student relate with ineffectively of character education in school and family. Therefore,the studies of character education from ontology and epistemology viewpoint are needed. Thispaper presents education character according to Khomeini’s concepts. As it was known thatKhomeini was Iran revolution father, he was not a pedagogue, however, he wrote articles whichdiscussed about character education with philosophy and irfan approaches; both was elaboratedsince he still was young. So, it will be interesting to discuss it as a contribution to educationthinking.
Ornamentação do tipo padrão-Croton em grãos de pólen de Scrophulariaceae do Brasil
Authors: Dos Santos Francisco De Assis Ribeiro , Melhem Therezinha Sant'Anna
Published: April 2020

Foram estudados, sob microscopia óptica e eletrónica de varredura, grãos de pólen acetolisados de algumas espécies brasileira dos géneros Agalinis, Esterhazya, Melasma e Physocalyx (Scrophulariaceae). As análises revelaram que algumas espécies tern grãos de pólen corn superficie pilada, estando os pilos organizados num padrdo reticulado (retipilado) ou no conhecido padrao-Croton, que é caracterísitico de algumas famílias (Buxaceae. Euphorbiaceae e Thymelaeaceae). Os pilos das espécies estudadas se caracterizaram pelo reduzido tamanho, de modo que a ornamentagdo ern microscopia óptica é definida corno microrreticulado, estando os pilos (alguns multicapitados) visíveis individualmente apenas sob microscopia eletrónica de varredura. A literatura palinológica nao tern referéncia de padrdo-Croton em espécies de Scrophulariaceae.
La actitud ante la realidad
Authors: Zambrano María
Published: April 2020

Original inédito cedido por la "Fundación María Zambrano". Figura en los archivos con la signatura "M.119".
Del contrato social o Ensayo sobre la forma de la República (Primera versión o Manuscrito de Ginebra) (Continuación)#
Authors: Rubio Carracedo José
Published: April 2020

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F. Nietzsche: Teoría hermenéutica de la experiencia interior
Authors: Parmeggiani Rueda Marco
Published: April 2020

RESUMENA partir del análisis e interpretación de dos aforismos, este trabajo pretende sacar a la luz, de modo orgánico y detallado, la teoría hermenéutica de la experiencia interior contenida en el período intermedio de la obra de Friedrich Nietzsche. Se trata principalmente de la descripción del proceso interpretativo por el que los datos de la experiencia interior, o vivencias, llegan a formarse. Y se pretende mostrar que Nietzsche desarrolla dicha teoría en vistas a una crítica radical de la validez cognoscitiva de la experiencia interior, cuya tesis fundamental es el carácter ficticio de las vivencias.ABSTRACTStarting from the analysis and interpretation of two aphorism, this work tries to get out, organically and in detail, the hermeneutic theory of inner experience held in the intermediate eriod of Friedrich Nietzsche's work. It's principally about the description of the interpretative process by wich the facts of inner experience are formed. And it tries to show that Nietzsche developes this theory for a radical critique of the cognitive validity of the inner experience, whose essential thesis is the fictitious character of their facts.
El impacto de las ciencias cognitivas en la filosofía del conocimiento
Authors: Martínez-Freire Pascual F.
Published: April 2020

RESUMENDespués de señalar algunos enfoques erróneos en la filosofía del conocimiento, se defiende la necesidad de que esta disciplina se desarrolle teniendo en cuenta los datos científicos sobre el fenómeno del conocimiento. En particular, y ante el actual auge de las ciencias cognitivas, que son presentadas de furma sucinta, se defiende que la filosofía del conocimiento se desarrolle teniendo en cuenta algunas tesis básicas de las ciencias cognitivas, tales como la teoría representacional de la mente, la computación y algoritmos en el conocimiento, la tesis funcionalista del conocimiento y la naturalización moderada de la filosofía del conocimiento.ABSTRACTAfter pointing out some mistaken approaches in the philosophy of knowledge, it is put forward the need for this subject matter of being developped taking into account the scientific data about knowledge. Specially, and because of the progressive importance of cognitive sciences, which are presented briefly, it is put forward that the philosophy of knowledge must be developped taking into account some main theses of cognitive sciences, such as the representational theory of the mind, computation and algorithms is knowledge, the functionalist thesis of knowledge, and the moderate naturalism in the philosophy of knowledge.
Nueva visión del sujeto humano en la psicología cognitiva
Authors: Mora Juan A.
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACTAfter reviewing different theoretical models of the functionning of the human subject (not mediational, mediational, information processing, activity, etc) we focus on the analysis of the human subject in the modern cognitive psychology.We comment upon fundamental postulates of the cognitive approach to the human subject, ending with the process structure in advocates (basic structures and processes, mental representation; complex processes) as its most common aproach from Psychology.RESUMENTras revisar distintos modelos teóricos de funcionamiento del sujeto humano (no-mediacionales, mediacionales, de la actividad, etc.) nos centramos en el análisis del sujeto humano en la moderna psicología cognitiva.Se comentan catorce postulados fundamentales de la aproximación cognitiva al sujeto humano y se finaliza con la estructura de procesos que ésta propugna (estructuras y procesos de base; representaciones mentales; procesos complejos) como el modo más habitual de abordar su estudio desde la Psicología actual.