bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of training on the financial performance of South African companies : a conceptual training framework
Authors:   , Brady Lana-Ann
Published: June 2022

In a South African first, training to retrench has become not only a reflection of the economic climate, with the government offering a strategy for retention through its Training Layoff Scheme, introduced in 2009, but also a method by which government can offer employers incentives to engage in skills training initiatives. The concepts of layoff and retrenchment become merged and training is identified as the focus to survive and move on from the economic downturn of 2008/9. This puts training squarely ‘on the boardroom table’, necessarily interweaving it with a company’s business plan, while bringing the ability to measure training and its effects into the equation. In the very competitive international arena of business and trade in which South Africa operates, the only means to growth and productivity, both acceptable and sustainable, lies in development and training of the country’s workforce. Moreover, a review of literature supports this study’s focus, namely the effect of training on the financial performance of SA companies. An examination of existing literature, comprised of books, magazines, newspapers, journal articles, published and unpublished theses, amongst other material, is also the method employed to obtain a clearer picture of the reality that is training today, while clarifying the view on financial performance and whether it is impacted by training or not. To this end, a Conceptual Training Framework has been adapted for this study and proposed as basis for a holistic training framework, which ought to be developed to align business with actual practice. This was done because, at present, the framework is biased, reflecting only the traditional view of training and development, and ignoring the training for retrenchment balance, in a South African context, with other measures in place elsewhere in the world that are, likewise, not considered. The appraisal of literature shows the majority of authors and researchers in agreement that a positive relationship does indeed exist between training and both financial and non-financial firm performance. However, since the 2008/9 economic downturn and subsequent introduction of the TLS, managed by the CCMA (Commission for Conciliation, Mediation and Arbitration), the effect of training has not been researched, insofar as the financial performance of SA companies is concerned. It is recommended that case studies be undertaken at identified, pre-selected companies to study this ‘new’ role assigned to training in practice, to establish the change and its effects on firm performance, potentially redefining business strategies that could benefit the economy.
An assessment of the efficiency and effectiveness of Supply Chain Management in the public sector : a case study of the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development in KwaZulu-Natal region
Authors:   , Nkwanyana Nontuthuko S'lindile
Published: June 2022

The Supply Chain Management (SCM) concept emanated from the old purchasing models i.e. provisioning and procurement. This model, SCM, received a great deal of attention in both private and public sector organizations. The model was believed to conform to international best practice and thus it was believed to hold the promise of a better purchasing system in the public sector. In this context this research seeks to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of SCM in the public sector, with particular reference to the Department of Justice and Constitutional Development (DoJ and CD) in the KwaZulu Natal (KZN) Region. Research data was obtained by means of quantitative paradigm aided by a 5-point Likert scale questionnaire. The questionnaire addressed specific themes pertaining to SCM as well as the objectives of the research project. A total of 129 members of the target population participated in the research. They were selected from various offices in KZN. A purposive sampling technique was applied to select the participants. The researcher was personally involved in the collection of the questionnaires from them. Prior to its administration, the questionnaire was pre-tested for accuracy and clarity. The data collected were analysed by means of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 for Windows, and the research report was evaluated for plagiarism with the use of the computer programme TURNITIN. The research revealed that SCM in the organization under study has contributed significantly to enhancing conformance to the principles of good governance and to service standards. However, challenges associated with capacity deficiencies such as a lack of manpower, information and skills were noted. Finally, in line with the research objectives, the researcher concludes by recommending structural re-engineering, the training and development of employees, supplier education, supply chain planning, and teamwork and partnerships among all stakeholders who contribute to the delivery of goods and services to end customers.
Do Supply Chain Capabilities have an Impact on Firm Performance? A Case of the Manufacturing Sector in Gauteng Province
Authors: Tlale Mpho , Van der Westhuizen Johan , Chinomona Elizabeth
Published: June 2022

Rapid technological growth, consumer fulfillment, shorter product life cycles, and more penetrating international competition define the business environment nowadays. The new competitive environment has required companies to acquire new ways of effectively pursuing a competitive advantage, since the competitive advantage of a firm now depends on operational efficiency and productivity across its functional areas. The main purpose of this research was to study the relation amongst supply chain capabilities (supply chain network design, supply chain information capabilities, and supply chain integration) and supply chain agility on firm performance in the Gauteng province’s manufacturing sector in South Africa. Structured questionnaires were circulated to different manufacturing firms in the Gauteng province. Data was analysed using SPSS and AMOS 26.0 software. Results showed that the level of firm performance in the manufacturing sector is dependent upon the effectiveness of supply chain capabilities and the existence of a sound long-term relationship between partners in the supply chain. Manufacturing managers and proprietors may be able to enhance the levels of firm performance by making improvements to supply chain technologies and improving supply chain agility by cultivating long-lasting sound relationships with key suppliers and customers.
Heavy metals in the magnetic phase and nodules of the agricultural soils
Authors:   Perm State Agro-Technological University, Gorokhova Svetlana , Vasilev Andrey , Shchurenko Natalya
Published: June 2022

One of the tasks for monitoring the safety of the environment is the ecological and geochemical assessment of the soil. Heavy metals tend to pollute agricultural soils located in the zone of influence of industrial enterprises. This study consists of ecological magnetism methods for assessing the content of heavy metals in agricultural soil. The studies were carried out within the reference area of the Agrochemical Service of the Perm region. Ancient alluvial deposits are the bedrock of the studied soil. The magnetic phase of the bedrock contains more heavy metals than the magnetic phase of the topsoil. Gleying reduces the concentration of heavy metals in the magnetic particles of the topsoil. Iron-manganese nodules accumulate Mn, Cr, V, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co. The arable topsoil is polluted with nickel relative to the maximum permitted concentration (MPC) of chemical elements in the soil. Keywords: ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOCHEMICAL ASSESSMENT, SOIL MONITORING, ARABLE LAND, SOIL HEAVY METALS POLLUTION
Book review: “The New Microbiology: From Microbiomes to CRISPR”
Authors: Kang Jung Oak
Published: June 2022

At the time when owing to COVID-19 pandemic, the public is more interested in infectious diseases and pathogens than in any other period, a book titled “The New Microbiology: From Microbiomes to CRISPR” by the renowned microbiologist Pascale Cossart was translated and published by our colleague. In this book, the author describes important discoveries and new conceptual advances in the field of microbiology over the past century. The author emphasizes that bacteria form a microbiome and lead a social life and explains the impact and importance of the microbiome on human health and ecosystem. Further, the discovery of ‘CRISPR,’ which led to the era of genome editing and gene therapy, has been described in details. This book will dramatically change our perspective regarding all living things, including bacteria, plants, animals, and even insects, as well as our eating habits and daily life, based on the new understanding of microorganisms. I recommend reading this book as I am sure that it will broaden the perspectives of both clinical microbiologists and health care workers.
"أبو إسحاق الشيرازي الشافعي وكتابه "النكت في المسائل المختلف فيها بين الشافعي وأبي حنيفة
Authors: PEKER Semra
Published: June 2022

الفقه الإسلامي الذي لا ينفصل عن الحياة، ذو مبادئ تحلَّى بها فقهاؤنا الأجلاء وأثروا المكتبة الإسلامية بكتبهم القيمة. ومن أبرز موضوعات علم الفقه علم الاختلاف، وفيه كتاب مهم، هو: المسائل المختلف فيها بين أبي حنيفة والشافعي. لأبي إسحاق الشيرازي الشافعي الذي عاش في أواخر الخلافة العباسية والعهد السلجوقي، وعمل أستاذاً في مدرسة النظامية الشهيرة ببغداد لسنوات عديدة، ثم كمفتٍ لما يقرب من خمسين عامًا، والذي أثنى عليه كبار العلماء أمثال الإمام محيي الدين النووي والسمعاني والصفدي واليافعي بن خليقان والذهبي والإسنوي وغيرهم، والذي يعد من أهم أسماء المذهب الشافعي قد خدم بكتابه "النكت في المسائل المختلف فيها بين الشافعي وأبي حنيفة" الفقه الإسلامي أحسن الخدمة. وهذا الكتاب مهم من عدة نواح. أولها: كون مؤلفه الإمام أبو إسحاق الشيرازي (ت.476/1083)، الذي تتلمذ على أيدي كبار العلماء مثل القاضي أبو محمد البيضاوي وأحمد بن محمد الخوارزمي البرقاني والحسن بن أبي بكر البزاز والقاضي أبو الطيب الطبري والكرخي؛ ودرس على يديه أجلّاء منهم الخطيب البغدادي وسليمان بن خلف الباجي وأبو القاسم الخرقي. ويعتبر الشيرازي حجة في عصره ويقصده كثير من أهل العلم لطلب العلم. ثانيها: كونه كتابًا في الفقه المقارن الذي يعدُّ مُهمًّا من حيث إعطائه لنا فكرة عن تطور علم الفقه ليكون منهاجًا في مسائلنا المعاصرة. ثالثها: كون هذا المؤلَّفِ ذو قيمة كبيرة، حيث إن أحد مخطوطاته يرجع تاريخها إلى عشر سنوات قبل وفاة المؤلِّف نفسه. رابعها: احتواؤه على مسائل مهمة اختلف فيها اثنان من كبار الأئمة المجتهدين - أبو حنيفة النعمان بن ثابت ومحمد بن إدريس الشافعي -. وخامسها: كون محتواه وأسلوبه وأدلته ومناهجه واستنباطاته وميزاته الأخرى ذات طبيعة يمكن أن تشكل أساسًا للقضايا الفقهية المعاصرة. وكذلك هذا الكتاب بكل هذه الميزات يحث الدارسين إلى طلب هذا العلم - علم الخلاف -. وبجانب هذه المزايا المذكورة فقد حصلنا على النسخ الأصلية، ومن ثم قمنا بتحقيقها لإخراج الكتاب وتقديمه على الوجه الأصح والأقرب إلى أصله. فهذه المقالة تتضمن التعريف بأجودِ نسخة موجودة في مكتبة أحمد الثالث بإسطنبول، والنسخة الموجودة في مكتبة بولاية بوسطن في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية، والنسخة الثانية التي حصلت عليها على شكل ميكروفلم من مكتبة جامعة أم القرى بمكة المكرمة. ولقد قابلنا النسخ المخطوطة وحققنا الجزء الأول من هذا الكتاب، واطلعنا على ميزاته والمآخذ عليه أثناء دراستنا في مرحلة الماجستير الحمد الله. وبخصوص هذه المقالة، فإنها تحتوي على إثبات عنوان الكتاب وصلته بالمؤلِّف، وأنه اختصر كتابه هذا في كتاب ثانٍ أسماه "النكت"، وأن بعضهم أخطأ حين اختلط عليه الأمر فظنهما كتابًا واحدًا، الأسلوب الذي اتبعه المؤلِّف والآداب المتعلقة بالمناقشات والمناظرات العلمية ونحوها، توضيح الجوانب الإيجابية والسلبية كذلك في هذا الكتاب، من بينها كون بعض عناوين المسائل التي توضح الخلاف بين المذهبين الحنفي والشافعي غيرَ متعلق بالموضع تعلقًا مباشرًا، واحتمال فهمٍ مغاير لموضوعات مختلفة، وعدم توضيح الراجح عند ذكر الأقوال والآراء في بعض المسائل، والاستدلال في بعض المسائل بالأحاديث الضعيفة. وهذه المقالة تحتوي تعريفًا بالمؤلف أبي إسحاق الشيرازي وكتابه المذكور. وهذه المقالة التي تسلط الضوء على تميز المؤلِّف والمؤلَّف تفيد أيضا في تشويق العلماء إلى هذا المصنف ومؤلفه.
SCHOOL CHILDREN IN E-CAMPUS - NEW INSIGHT
Authors: Narayanan Kishore , Sagayaraj Benjamin M , Sharma Nidhi , Kamalakannan Santosh Kumar
Published: June 2022

Introduction: The current pandemic has affected the education of children in an unprecedented way. Children are not able to go to school and in a short span of time schools have tried to come up with online teaching methods which have not been validated. This study was undertaken to assess children's viewpoint on this new mode of teaching. Aims: The primary objective of the present study was to assess the clarity, logical flow and effectiveness of online teaching learning in middle school and high school students. The secondary objective was to assess the student satisfaction after 6 months of online teaching. We also wanted to identify the mental health of students after e-learning. Methodology: After obtaining consent from parents and school principal, a questionnaire on new learning method and the ease of understanding was shared with students in google form.Their responses were assessed in various dimensions. Results: Students felt lonely and tired at the end of e-learning sessions. They felt that they are missing on co-curricular and extracurricular activities. There was difficulty in falling asleep and missing of peer groups. Conclusions: E –learning is the need of the hour. Despite user ease and accessibility, e–learning cannot completely replace in-campus learning. Multiple aspects of student mental health are being compromised in a pure e-learning school. Blended learning is a useful modality and its implications remain to be analyzed.
The Associations between Inter-Pregnancy Interval and Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Chennai
Authors: Kumar Dr.Santosh
Published: June 2022

Background: Worldwide maternal and perinatal mortality have continued to remain unchanged over the past 20 years, and strategies are being sought to decrease the same. An important determinant of the maternal and neonatal mortality is the health of the mother and the care that she receives it during the antenatal period. The maternal and neonatal outcomes are influenced by inter pregnancy interval. It has been demonstrated that interpregnancy interval plays a key role determining the health status of the mother. Aim: We conducted a study to evaluate the possible association between inter-pregnancy interval and the occurrence of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes in our hospital. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study where the obstetrical and perinatal records in a hospitals obstetrics and neonatal database between 2017 and 2018 were studied. A total of 244 records of women who delivered singleton infants at Saveetha medical college hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital were included in the study. Gestational outcomes in mother and child according to inter-pregnancy interval were studied. Results: During the period of the study, 68.5% of records referred to women with an inter-pregnancy interval <18 months. After the adjustment performed for confounding factors and assuming an inter-pregnancy interval of 18–23 months as reference, short intervals (<6 months) were observed to be associated with a greater risk of jaundice and respiratory distress. Conclusions: Short inter-pregnancy intervals are associated with a higher risk of anaemia and abortion in mother while jaundice and respiratory distress being main association in children.
A Statistic Survey of Marine and Freshwater Fish Catch in Basrah, Iraq 1990 – 2011
Authors: Nasir Noori Abdul-Nabi , Khalid Shaker Abdul-Razak
Published: June 2022

This study is an attempt to study the fishery resources and fisheries in Basra province in Iraq, during 1990 to 2011. The declared catches by fishermen and fish market were used in this study. The total commercial catch peaked in 2009 at 4.390.775 and 152.445 ton for Marine and Freshwater fishes respectively. Species composition of catches was studied during the above period. About twenty nine marine and thirteen freshwater fish species were recorded. The total catch of the marine fishes was dominated by Tenualosa illisha. It accounted for about 45 % of the total catch during whole period. The freshwater fishes was mainly represented by (Silurus triostegus) which accounted for 32% of the total during whole period. Gill net’s fishing method was employed mainly for catching pelagic fish, trawling is single largest technology being practiced in the region for harvesting the demersal fishes. Overfishing was perceived as a serious problem and needs to, be taken into account in considering risks to the stock of the fishes. The weather patterns, market prices and environmental conditions (natural or human-made) have a significant effect on fish stock. Moreover, increases in water salinity and pollution level has also a significant impact on fish stock and therefore, the enforcement of the new standards for Environment Pollution Control in the province is required.
Beneficiation of Rutile Ore by Combined Agglomeration and Flotation Methods
Authors: Bilgin Oyku , Sakcali ALaattin
Published: June 2022

Titanium known as a rare element is the most abundant sixth element in the earth crust. Titanium tend to be precious, due to its rare ore concentration and obtaining from metal ore. Most of ore is used TiO2 (titanium oxide) form. Titanium oxide is known as white painting material. Apart from that it is also widely used in many fields such as cosmetic industry, linoleum (cerecloth), synthetic silk, white ink, colored glass, ceramic glaze, leather and cloth dyeing, welding rod construction and paper industry. TiO2 is obtained from titanium ores, sulphate and chloride methods. The old sulphate method produces a lot of environmental pollution. On the other hand, Chloride method requires very high graded ores. As for titanium beneficiation methods, flotation, gravity beneficiation, magnetic separation and beneficiation via electrostatic separation methods are used. Rutile is the most important titanium mineral. It is considered that the most important titanium reserves in Turkey are in Manisa with 1.11% TiO2 tenor and 1.272.000 ton, total reserves are 100 million ton with 0.5-1% TiO2 tenor. Rutile samples used in this study were taken from region Manisa-Alasehir. Rutile samples with -106 μm grain size were subjected to agglomeration and flotation together with using different pH and reactives. According to the test results, the highest TiO2% tenor was obtained with 11.90% value in pH: 4, the highest recovery was obtained with 79% value in pH 7.
Microbiological Load and Quality Characteristics of Irradiated Chicken Meat
Authors: Al-Bachir Mahfouth
Published: June 2022

The present study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of gamma irradiation and refrigeration on the microbiological, chemical and sensorial characteristics of raw chicken meat. Chicken meat was irradiated at doses of 0, 2, 4 and 6 kGy of gamma irradiation, and kept in a refrigerator (1-4oC). General composition, microbial, chemical and sensory evaluation of chicken meat was done. Results showed that, all used doses of gamma irradiation reduced the total mesophilic aerobic plate counts (TPCs) and total coli forms of chicken meat. Shelf-life extension periods estimated on the basis of a limit of 6 log CFU/g for TPCs were 2, 4, 9, and more than 13 weeks for samples irradiated at 0, 2, 4, and 6 kGy, respectively. Irradiation had little or no effect on general composition (moisture, protein, and fat contents), total acidity, lipid peroxide and total volatile basic nitrogen. Sensory evaluation showed no significant differences between irradiated and non-irradiated chicken meat
The Strategy of Diversifying Portfolio by Investing in Kuwait Shares Index and International Indexes
Authors: Al-Mousfer Al-Ajmi Mousfer Mahdi
Published: June 2022

This study investigates the strategy of diversifying portfolios by Investing on Share Index Funds with application to Kuwait Shares Market and that regarded as a new contribution Emerging Markets Literature. Monthly share prices data were used from June 2001 to December 2007 for International Index funds and Kuwait Share Index which reflects fluctuation of market prices. The result of the quantitative measures show that, when Kuwait Shares Market Index were included in the investment portfolios it may not offer the best return compared to other International Share Index Funds but it can reduce total risk and diversify portfolio.
Adoption of some Diseases and Pests Control Technologies and Methods by Date Palm Farmers in Dammam Area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alsubaiee Faisal Sultan , Aldraim Yousif Naser , Muneer Siddiq Eltaeeb , Alshuhwan Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: June 2022

Date palm trees are infected by different diseases and pests that negatively affect its quality and productivity. The control of these pests and diseases requires the use of appropriate technologies to minimize the infection rate and crop losses. This study was intended to determine the adoption rate of some diseases and pests control technologies and methods among Date Palm farmers in Dammam area of Saudi Arabia and the most important factors affecting it. Data was collected through face to face interviews from a simple random sample of 111 Date Palm farmers in the study area using a validated and pre-tested questionnaire. Descriptive statistics (frequency distribution. mean and standard deviation) and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The study results indicated that the adoption rates of the diseases and pests control technologies and methods by Date farmers are very low. Only one practices (getting rid of agricultural residues immediately) out of the seventeenth technologies and methods under consideration reached medium level. The adoption rates of the other technologies and methods were low and all of them were less than two on an adoption scale of four points. The study revealed that the most important determinants of the adoption rate of the diseases and pests control technologies and methods by Date Palm farmers were the farmers’ level of contact with the different sources of information and farm size; each of them had a statistically significant effect.
PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PEMESINAN BUBUT SISWA KELAS XI TPA DENGAN METODE TUTORIAL TEMAN SEBAYA DI SMKN 1 CIKARANG SELATAN KABUPATEN BEKASI
Authors: SARUN SARUN
Published: June 2022

The background of this research is the demand that students of class XI TPA have a better understanding of facing material so that it has an impact on better student learning outcomes. However, in reality the value of student learning outcomes for this face turning material is still low. The low value of student learning outcomes is inseparable from the method used in the learning process which is only carried out with mass simulations, making it difficult for students to understand this subject matter properly. The use of peer tutorial methods in this subject matter is believed to be able to improve student learning outcomes and learning skills. Because with the tutorial method, peers who already understand and can do face lathe students will more easily understand how to turn their faces so that they are finally able to practice. In addition, the peer tutorial method will also make students more interested in participating in learning and do not hesitate to ask questions. The peer tutorial method is proven to improve student learning outcomes and student learning skills. The level of completeness of student learning reached 95% of the 40 students of class XI TPA. In addition, the use of the peer tutorial method also increases student participation during learning in Bekasi Regency.
ABSTRAKLatar belakang penelitian ini adalah adanya tuntutan agar siswa kelas XI TPA memiliki pemahaman yang lebih baik tentang materi membubut muka (facing) sehingga berdampak pada hasil belajar siswa yang lebih baik. Namun pada kenyataannya nilai hasil belajar siswa untuk materi membubut muka ini masih rendah. Rendahnya nilai hasil belajar siswa ini tidak terlepas dari metode yang digunakan pada proses pembelajaran yang hanya dilakukan dengan simulasi masal sehingga menyulitkan siswa untuk memahami materi pelajaran ini dengan baik. Penggunaan metode tutorial teman sebaya pada materi pelajaran ini diyakini dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar dan keterampilan belajar siswa. Karena dengan metode tutorial teman sebaya yang sudah memahami dan bisa melakukan bubut muka siswa akan lebih mudah memahami cara membubut muka sehingga pada akhirnya mampu mempraktikan. Selain itu dengan metode tutorial teman sebaya juga akan semakin membuat siswa lebih tertarik untuk mengikuti pembelajaran dan tidak merasa sungkan untuk bertanya. Dengan metode tutorial teman sebaya terbukti dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dan keterampilan belajar siswa. Tingkat ketuntasan belajar siswa mencapai 95% dari 40 siswa kelas XI TPA. Selain itu penggunaan metode tutorial teman sebaya juga meningkatkatkan partisipasi siswa selama pembelajaranKabupaten Bekasi.
OBRAMBOSLOVNA VEJA SLOVENSKE POLITOLOGIJE
Authors: Bebler Anton
Published: June 2022

Povzetek. Prvine obramboslovne politologije so obstajale v slovenskem družboslovju še pred drugo svetovno
vojno in so se po njej razvijale predvsem v delih zgodovinarjev. Leta 1975 je z ustanovitvijo obramboslovne
katedre na predhodnici današnje FDV prišlo do institucionalizacije obramboslovja kot akademske discipline.
Obramboslovna veja politologije se je odtlej razvijala
ob prepletanju z drugimi družboslovnimi disciplinami,
pod vplivom bolj razvitega zahodnega obramboslovja
in politologije ter sodelovanja v mednarodnih strokovnih združenjih in do leta 1991 v jugoslovanskem okviru.
Tesno je bila in ostaja povezana s pedagoško in znanstvenoraziskovalno dejavnostjo Obramboslovnega raziskovalnega centra na FDV in je tvorno prispevala k
razvoju slovenske politologije in demokratične politične
kulture v Sloveniji.
Ključni pojmi: obramboslovje, politologija, Slovenija
POLITOLOGIJA V OBDOBJU ZADNJIH KRIZ
Authors: Zajc Drago
Published: June 2022

Povzetek. Vloga posameznih družboslovnih disciplin
se v sodobnih družbah spreminja v odvisnosti od vrste
okoliščin in dogodkov, pa tudi od njihove sposobnosti
razvoja in odzivanja na zunanje izzive. Slovenska politologija je od svojih začetkov v začetku 60. let preteklega
stoletja šla skozi več obdobij razvoja in zlasti po osamosvojitvi Slovenije doživela izjemen institucionalni in
profesionalni razvoj, pri tem pa utrjevala svojo identiteto. Zadnje (četrto) obdobje je obdobje kriz, ki se je l. 2008
začelo z gospodarsko krizo in nadaljevalo z migrantsko
ter zdravstveno krizo, zadnja varnostna kriza, ki traja,
pa je spodkopala sistem varnosti v Evropi. Politologija je
zlasti v zadnjem času na različne načine skušala pozitivno prispevati k analizi teh kriznih pojavov in opozarjala na (ne)ustreznost strategij in ukrepov za omejevanje njihovih učinkov ter odpravljanje posledic. Pri tem
pa lahko ugotavljamo tudi njeno premajhno odzivnost
in nezadostno definiranost njenih dolgoročnih ciljev,
pri čemer bi se morala bolj zavedati tudi svojih potencialnih funkcij in se več ukvarjati z vprašanjem, kako
ustvarjati znanje za politiko.
Ključni pojmi: politologija, identiteta, profesionalni
razvoj, faze razvoja, definiranost ciljev
POLITIČNA ZNANOST PRED NOVIMI IZZIVI: REKONCEPTUALIZACIJA KOT ODGOVOR NA
OKOLJSKA POŠKODOVANJA?
Authors: Lukšič Andrej
Published: June 2022

Povzetek. V članku avtor obravnava vdor okoljske tematike v javno in politično sfero in kako se z njo sooča
državna oblast v liberalnodemokratskem sistemu; ta
zaradi specifične konstrukcije, ki je ustavno zavarovana, ne sme in ne more neposredno intervenirati v materialno produkcijo, ki je sicer pripoznana kot glavni vir
okoljskih poškodovanj. Politična znanost, kolikor je zavezana miselni tradiciji, ki se je vzpostavila s Hobbsovim
Leviathanom in Machiavellijevim Vladarjem in jo danes
pripoznamo kot mainstream v politični znanosti, ima
zaradi fokusiranja samo na razmerje med vladarjem in
politično oblastjo vgrajeno konceptualno slepo pego in
se z vprašanjem okolja ne more spopasti drugače, kot da
ga dojema le kot periferen politični problem. Avtor zato
zagovarja tezo, da je treba politično znanost rekonceptualizirati in v ospredje postaviti razmerje med javno oblastjo in materialno produkcijo, če hoče politična znanost
ostati na ravni zahteve zgodovinskega trenutka in prispevati k misli za potrebno transformacijo.
Ključni pojmi: državna oblast, liberalnodemokratski sistem oblasti, okoljska tematika, rekonceptualizacija, politična znanost
POLITOLOŠKA REFLEKSIJA MOČI V DELIBERATIVNI DEMOKRACIJI IN NJENI AGONISTIČNI KRITIKI
Authors: Pušnik Tomaž
Published: June 2022

Povzetek. Članek obravnava razumevanje moči, ki
predstavlja enega ključnih politoloških konceptov v
teorijah deliberativne demokracije in njene temeljne
kritike, agonistične demokracije. Prek foucaultovskega
branja moči pokaže, da tako v deliberativni demokraciji kot tudi pri agonistiki prevladuje negativno razumevanje moči kot prisile in konfliktov. To pomeni, da
teoretske predpostavke deliberativne demokracije z
dojemanjem moči kot opresivne sile ne zmorejo pojasniti političnega. Izključno negativno dojemanje moči
pri agonistiki pa onemogoča prepoznanje, da ideje in
prakse deliberacije že oblikujejo politično.
Ključni pojmi: politična teorija, deliberativna demokracija, moč, agonistika, Foucault
NA ZAČETKU IN KONCU DEMOKRACIJE JE (BILA) BESEDA: O POLITOLOGIJI IN KOMUNIKOLOGIJI
Authors: Verčič Dejan
Published: June 2022

Povzetek. Aristotel je ob Politiki napisal Retoriko, da
bi pomagal rešiti atensko demokracijo pred demagogijo. Podobno je dva tisoč let kasneje Harold Lasswell
ob politični znanosti (politologiji), ki odgovarja na
vprašanja, »kdo dobi kaj, kdaj in kako«, postavil komunikacijsko znanost (komunikologijo), ki odgovarja na
vprašanja, »kdo pravi kaj, po katerem kanalu, komu in
s kakšnim učinkom«, v ponovno obrambo demokracije
pred demagogijo. Danes stojimo pred podobnim izzivom. Pluralizacija medijskega ustvarjanja in personalizacija medijske porabe ogrožata vzdržnost skupnosti,
imenovane polis, politične skupnosti, v kateri in o kateri
lahko komuniciramo, ker nam je skupna in si jo delimo
(lat. communis → communicatio).
Ključni pojmi: politologija, komunikologija, strateško
komuniciranje, demokracija, demagogija, hiperdemokracija, hipermediatizacija
Continental thunderstorm ground enhancement observed at an exceptionally low altitude
Authors: Kolmašová Ivana , Santolík Ondřej , Šlegl Jakub , Popová Jana , Sokol Zbyněk , Zacharov Petr , Ploc Ondřej , Diendorfer Gerhard , Langer Ronald , Lán Radek , Strhárský Igor
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Two long-lasting thunderstorm ground enhancement (TGE) events were registered at the Milešovka meteorological observatory in Czechia
(50.55∘ N, 13.93∘ E; 837 m altitude) on 23 April 2018, during linearly organized thunderstorms. Two intervals of increased photon counts were detected by a plastic scintillator, respectively lasting 70 and 25 min and reaching 31 % and 48 % above the background radiation levels. Using numerical simulations, we verified that the observed increases in count rates are consistent with the energy spectrum of previously observed TGEs. We investigated the relevant data from a suite of meteorological instruments, a Ka-band cloud radar, an electric field mill, and a broadband electromagnetic receiver, all placed at the Milešovka observatory, in order to analyse the context in which these unique continental TGEs occurred at an exceptionally low altitude. The onset of the TGEs preceded the onset of precipitation by 10 and 3 min, respectively, for the two events. Both this delayed rain arrival and an energy threshold of 6.5 MeV for registered particles clearly exclude the detection the decay products of the radon progeny washout during the TGE intervals. At the same time, the European lightning detection network EUCLID detected numerous predominantly negative intracloud lightning discharges at distances closer than 5 km from
the particle detector, while the occurrence of cloud-to-ground discharges
was suppressed. The cloud radar recorded presence of graupel below the
melting level, and the composition of hydrometeors suggested good conditions
for cloud electrification. The observed variations in the near-surface
electric field were unusual, with very brief negative-electric-field
excursions reaching −20 kV in a quick succession. At the same time,
sub-microsecond unipolar pulses emitted by close corona discharges saturated the broadband magnetic loop antenna. All these measurements indicate that a strong lower positive-charge region was present inside the thundercloud. The bottom thundercloud dipole was probably responsible for acceleration of the
seed electrons in the air. These seed electrons might originate in
the secondary cosmic ray particles but could also come from a high
concentration of radon in the air collected during the propagation of the
convective system above the uranium-rich soils before the thunderstorms
overpassed the Milešovka observatory.
Late Paleocene CO2 drawdown, climatic cooling and terrestrial denudation in the southwest Pacific
Authors: Hollis Christopher J. , Naeher Sebastian , Clowes Christopher D. , Naafs B. David A. , Pancost Richard D. , Taylor Kyle W. R. , Dahl Jenny , Li Xun , Ventura G. Todd , Sykes Richard
Published: June 2022

Abstract. ​​​​​​​Late Paleocene deposition of an organic-rich sedimentary facies on the continental shelf and slope of New Zealand and eastern Australia has
been linked to short-lived climatic cooling and terrestrial denudation
following sea level fall. Recent studies confirm that the organic matter in
this facies, termed “Waipawa organofacies”, is primarily of terrestrial origin, with a minor marine component. It is also unusually enriched in 13C. In this study we address the cause of this enrichment. For Waipawa organofacies
and its bounding facies in the Taylor White section, Hawke's Bay, paired
palynofacies and carbon isotope analysis of heavy liquid-separated density
fractions indicate that the heaviest δ13C values are associated
with degraded phytoclasts (woody plant matter) and that the 13C
enrichment may be partly due to lignin degradation. Compound-specific stable carbon isotope analyses of samples from the Taylor White and mid-Waipara (Canterbury) sections display similar trends and further reveal a residual 13C enrichment of ∼ 2.5 ‰ in higher
plant biomarkers (long chain n-alkanes and fatty acids) and a ∼ 2 ‰–5 ‰ change in subordinate marine biomarkers. Using the relationship between atmospheric CO2 and C3 plant tissue δ13C values, we determine that the 3 ‰ increase in terrestrial δ13C may represent a ∼ 35 % decrease in atmospheric CO2. Refined age control for Waipawa organofacies indicates that deposition
occurred between 59.2 and 58.5 Ma, which coincides with an interval of
carbonate dissolution in the deep sea that is associated with a Paleocene
oxygen isotope maximum (POIM, 59.7–58.1 Ma) and the onset of the Paleocene carbon isotope maximum (PCIM, 59.3–57.4 Ma). This association suggests that Waipawa deposition occurred during a time of cool climatic conditions and increased carbon burial. This relationship is further supported by published
TEX86-based sea surface temperatures that indicate a pronounced
regional cooling during deposition. We suggest that reduced greenhouse gas
emissions from volcanism and accelerated carbon burial, due to tectonic
factors, resulted in short-lived global cooling, growth of ephemeral ice
sheets and a global fall in sea level. Accompanying erosion and carbonate
dissolution in deep-sea sediment archives may have hidden the evidence of
this “hypothermal” event until now.
On the impact of Himalaya-induced gravity waves on the polar vortex, Rossby wave activity and ozone
Authors: Kuchar Ales , Sacha Petr , Eichinger Roland , Jacobi Christoph , Pisoft Petr , Rieder Harald
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The instability of the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex is mainly caused by the breaking of planetary-scale (Rossby) waves (RWs). However, gravity waves (GWs) may also play an important role in polar vortex preconditioning before breakdown events. Moreover, GWs affect dynamics in the stratosphere by altering the upward propagation of RWs at short time scales and therefore indirectly influence polar vortex stability. Due to the coarse spatial resolution of global chemistry-climate models, current efforts in climate research rely on simulations where the majority of the GW spectrum is parameterized. In the present study, we apply a recently developed method for detecting strong orographic gravity wave (OGW) drag events in the lower stratosphere above the Himalayas. For this, we use a specified dynamics simulation of the chemistry-climate model CMAM (Canadian Middle Atmosphere Model) spanning the period 1979–2010. We show that strong OGW drag events above the Himalayas are associated with anomalously increased upward RW propagation in the stratosphere. This, in turn, is associated with an increase of the refractive index in the mid-latitude lower stratosphere, a region where the OGW drag dominates. Our results also illustrate that OGW strong events have the potential to alter ozone variability via changes of mixing in the surf zone and advection from lower latitudes. Altogether, we detail a preconditioning process of the polar vortex morphology by GWs above the Himalayas and how this relates to the proximity to polar vortex breakdown.
A dataset of microphysical cloud parameters, retrieved from Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) emission spectra measured in Arctic summer 2017
Authors: Richter Philipp , Palm Mathias , Weinzierl Christine , Griesche Hannes , Rowe Penny M. , Notholt Justus
Published: June 2022

Abstract. A dataset of microphysical cloud parameters from optically thin clouds, retrieved from infrared spectral radiances measured in summer 2017 in the Arctic, is presented. Measurements were performed using a mobile Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer which was carried by RV Polarstern. The dataset contains retrieved optical depths and effective radii of ice and liquid water, from which the liquid water path and ice water path are calculated. The water paths and the effective radii retrieved from the FTIR measurements are compared with derived quantities from a combined cloud radar, lidar and microwave radiometer measurement synergy retrieval, called Cloudnet. The purpose of this comparison is to benchmark the infrared retrieval data against the established Cloudnet retrieval. For the liquid water path, the data correlate, showing a mean bias of 2.48 g m−2 and a root-mean-square error of 10.43 g m−2. It follows that the infrared retrieval is able to determine the liquid water path. Although liquid water path retrievals from the Cloudnet retrieval data come with an uncertainty of at least 20 g m−2, a root-mean-square error of 9.48 g m−2 for clouds with a liquid water path of at most 20 g m−2 is found. This indicates that the liquid water paths, especially of thin clouds, of the Cloudnet retrieval can be determined with higher accuracy than expected. Apart from this, the dataset of microphysical cloud properties presented here allows researchers to perform calculations of the cloud radiative effects when the Cloudnet data from the campaign are not available, which was the case from 22 July 2017 until 19 August 2017. The dataset is published at PANGAEA (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933829, Richter et al., 2021).
Modeling the topographic influence on aboveground biomass using a coupled model of hillslope hydrology and ecosystem dynamics
Authors: Fang Yilin , Leung Ruby , Koven Charlie , Bisht Gautam , Detto Matteo , Cheng Yanyan , McDowell Nate , Muller-Landau Helene , Wright S. Joseph , Chambers Jeff
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Topographic heterogeneity and lateral subsurface flow at the hillslope scale of ≤ 1 km may have outsized impacts on tropical forest through their impacts on water available to plants under water stressed conditions. However, vegetation dynamics and finer‐scale hydrologic processes are not concurrently represented in Earth system models. In this study, we integrate the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) Land Model (ELM) that includes the Functionally-Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator (FATES), with a three-dimensional hydrology model (ParFlow) to explicitly resolve hillslope topography and subsurface flow and perform numerical experiments to understand how hillslope scale hydrologic processes modulate vegetation along water availability gradients at Barro Colorado Island (BCI), Panama. Our simulations show that groundwater table depth (WTD) can play a large role in governing aboveground biomass (AGB) when drought-induced tree mortality is triggered by hydraulic failure. Analyzing the simulations using random forest (RF) models, we find that the domain-wide simulated AGB and WTD can be well predicted by static topographic attributes including surface elevation, slope and convexity, and adding soil moisture or ground water table depth as predictors further improves the RF models. Different model representations of mortality due to hydraulic failure can change the dominant topographic driver for the simulated AGB. Contrary to the simulations, the observed AGB in the well-drained 50-ha forest census plot within BCI cannot be well predicted by the RF models using topographic attributes and observed soil moisture as predictors, suggesting other factors such as nutrient status may have larger influence on the observed AGB. The new coupled model may be useful for understanding the diverse impact of local heterogeneity by isolating the water availability and nutrient availability from the other external and internal factors in ecosystem modeling.
Late Quaternary aeolian-fluvial palaeoarchives along dunefield margins
Authors: Robins Lotem , Roskin Joel , Edeltin Lotan , Bookman Revital , Yu LuPeng , Greenbaum Noam
Published: June 2022

Aeolian-Fluvial (A-F) processes along dunefield margins document environmental changes in arid zones around the world. In the present study, at the northwestern Negev dunefield (Israel) margins, high-resolution chrono-stratigraphic analysis of marginal Vegetated Linear Dunes (VLDs) and fine-grained alluvial plains was conducted. Nineteen stratigraphic sections were analyzed in detail. Dating included pre-measurements using Portable Optically Stimulated Luminescence (POSL), which were used to decipher representative samples for OSL dating. Selected hearth and vegetation samples were radiocarbon dated as well.

A-F processes along dunefield margins may generate reliable and detailed palaeoarchives, by combining POSL and OSL analyses. VLDs, prone to defined periods of activation and stabilization, control a gradual and lagged shift from aeolian to fluvial domination in the dune-dammed dunefield margins, succeeding dunefield stabilization.

In an aeolian-dominated environment, either fully or partly dammed fluvial systems aggregate upstream-sourced sediments along the dunefield margins, forming an alluvial plain. Dune-dam waterbody deposits include three distinct types: (a) event-based couplets, (b) massive structureless loam and (c) fine-laminas. These deposits that may remain preserved for substantial times bury usually truncated dune remains. Aeolian deflation of fine-grained sediments from dune-dam waterbody deposits, percolated into adjacent marginal VLD, initiating pedogenic processes. Altogether, dune-dam impoundments were found to be spatially dynamic processes, in which the dune-dammed fluvial system gradually propagates downstream from the dunefiled margin into the dunefield. Each impoundment was generated by slightly or distinctly different A-F mechanisms depending on the location of the damming-dunes in relation to the dunefield margins.  

In the northwestern Negev, three major sand incursions into <180 km2 fluvial systems during the LGM, Heinrich-1 and Younger-Dryas, resulted in localized and usually seasonal waterbodies, utilized by EpiPalaeolithic hunter-gatherers . This study also revelaed that during the early Holocene a climatic shift, which left a signature in the Mediterranean Basin in the form of Sapropel-1, was recorded along the dunefield margins, forming the last, upper and significant portion of the alluvial plains. This aggregative environment was also utilized by Neolithic and Chalcolithic man in some basins, locally reactivating VLDs. After dune-dam breaching, a fluvial-dominated environment developed, characterized by floodplain deposition, and scour and fill patterns.
Multidecadal evolution of high arctic glacial lake systems and their role in landscape paraglaciation - a case study of crammerbraene, svalbard
Authors: Wieczorek Iwo , Zagórski Piotr , Strzelecki Mateusz , Yde Jacob , Stachnik Łukasz
Published: June 2022

The retreat of glaciers in response to climate warming leads to substantial changes not only in their mass balance, size and runoff but it also impacts their proglacial zones. A common characteristic of these proglacial changes is the development of glacial lake systems, which serve as meltwater and sediment reservoirs and become new elements in Arctic paraglacial landscapes. This paper investigates the evolution of a unique glacial lake system that has developed in the proglacial zone of the glacier system Cramerbraene in Svalbard since the termination of the Little Ice Age.

Our results indicate that the first glacial lakes appeared in the foreland of Crammerbreane in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Since then, the lake system has steadily increased in area concurrently with progressive retreat of Crammerbreane. In 2014, the first documented dam breaching of the terminal moraine occurred, leading to a glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) event, which resulted in a loss of the lake area by 0.08 km2. After this event, the lake area began to steadily increase again reaching its largest surface area in its development history in 2019: 0.44 km2. In September 2019, a second and larger GLOF event occurred, reducing the lake area by 0.23 km2 (~50%) within nine days. Recent satellite and aerial imagery indicates that the described lake system has been steadily draining since the 2019 GLOF event. More importantly, as a result of these two documented catastrophic glacial runoffs, the geomorphology in the foreland of Crammerbreane has been reworked, leading to changes in the course of the river channel that transports glacial water into Recherchefjorden.

            These findings suggest that glacial lake systems in Svalbard play an increasingly important role in paraglacial Arctic landscape transformation, not only as glacial water and sediment storage reservoirs but also as active agents of downstream geomorphological changes through episodic catastrophic GLOF events.

            This work was supported by Svalbard Integrated Arctic Earth Observing System [Airborne remote sensing campaign 2021] and the Research Council of Norway [333199].
Morphological changes and development of a channel evolution model upstream a dam
Authors: Rinaldi Massimo , Baena-Escudero Rafael , Concepción Guerrero-Amador Inmaculada
Published: June 2022

This study describes the morphological changes occurring upstream a dam along a low energy alluvial river having cohesive banks, low bed slope, and high flow regulation within the catchment. Based on the observed changes, a channel evolution model is developed.

A multitemporal analysis of aerial photos and topographic survey comparison of the channel bed upstream a run-of-the-river dam along the lower Guadalquivir River (southern Spain) were used to document the morphological changes within a temporal interval of about 60 years and to derive the channel evolution model. For different cross-sections located along the reservoir channel, the trajectories of channel changes and the development of riparian vegetation were documented in relation to magnitude and frequency of floods and to the functioning of the dam.

Morphological changes mainly consisted of bed siltation and channel narrowing, terrace formation in the channel reservoir, and expansion of riparian vegetation. These changes induced significant effects on flooding of the adjacent alluvial plain, consisting of a reduction of the discharge necessary to start the inundation. Information on morphological changes in different locations along the reservoir within the investigated time interval were summarised by a space-for time evolutionary model consisting of a sequence of stages of channel evolution.