bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enacting surprise with ani ‘no’-prefaced questions
Authors: Kim Stephanie Hyeri
Published: November 2017

This study focuses on the use of the particle ani ‘no’ as a preface to questions in Korean conversation. Using ordinary telephone conversations as data, the study examines the practice of ani prefacing in a previously unexplored position: questions that begin with ani. The cases show that ani-prefaced questions display the speaker’s surprise at some content of the recipient’s prior talk and sometimes even serve to challenge the truthfulness of the surprise source. In this context, the ani preface serves as an alert that these actions should be understood as a departure from the ongoing course of action and as a distinct issue to be addressed. The article also discusses ani’s uses in turn-initial position in relation to its use in other positions.
Pre- and Postoperative Chemotherapy in Localized Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma: A European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Expert Survey
Authors: Rothermundt Christian , Fischer Galina F. , Bauer Sebastian , Blay Jean-Yves , Grünwald Viktor , Italiano Antoine , Kasper Bernd , Kollár Attila , Lindner Lars H. , Miah Aisha , Sleijfer Stefan , Stacchiotti Silvia , Putora Paul Martin
Published: November 2017

Background

The management of localized extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is challenging and the role of pre- and postoperative chemotherapy is unclear and debated among experts.

Materials and Methods

Medical oncology experts of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Soft Tissue and Bone Sarcoma Group were asked to participate in this survey on the use of pre- and postoperative chemotherapy in STS. Experts from 12 centers in Belgium, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Switzerland, and The Netherlands agreed to participate and provided their treatment algorithm. Answers were converted into decision trees based on the objective consensus methodology. The decision trees were used as a basis to identify consensus and discrepancies.

Results

Several criteria used for decision-making in extremity STS were identified: chemosensitivity, fitness, grading, location, and size. In addition, resectability and resection status were relevant in the pre- and postoperative setting, respectively. Preoperative chemotherapy is considered in most centers for marginally resectable tumors only. Yet, in some centers, neoadjuvant chemotherapy is used routinely and partially combined with hyperthermia. Although most centers do not recommend postoperative chemotherapy, some offer this treatment on a regular basis. Radiotherapy is an undisputed treatment modality in extremity STS.

Conclusion

Due to lacking evidence on the utility of pre- and postoperative chemotherapy in localized extremity STS, treatment strategies vary considerably among European experts. The majority recommended neoadjuvant chemotherapy for marginally resectable grade 2–3 tumors; the majority did not recommend postoperative chemotherapy in any setting.

Implications for Practice

The management of localized extremity soft tissue sarcomas (STS) is challenging and the role of pre- and postoperative chemotherapy is unclear and debated among experts. This study analyzed the decision-making process among 12 European experts on systemic therapy for STS. A wide range of recommendations among experts regarding the use of perioperative chemotherapy was discovered. Discrepancies in the use of decision criteria were also uncovered, including the definition of what constitutes high-risk cancer, which is a basis for many to recommend chemotherapy. Before any standardization is possible, a common use of decision criteria is necessary.
TORNAR-SE HOMEM, TORNAR-SE MULHER - RELATO DE CASO
Authors: Chvatal Vera Lucia Soares , Junior Amilton dos Santos , Araujo Marcelo Modesto Fagundes de , Turato Egberto Ribeiro
Published: November 2017

Introdução: Visando promover o bem estar da população transexual, mundialmente há alterações nas recomendações de condutas clínicas.  Os critérios para os tratamentos visam minimizar os efeitos da Disforia de Gênero desta população resguardando-lhes o direito à dignidade humana, e devem ser adotados pelas condições de elegibilidade e de presteza; dentre eles, a complexa Cirurgia de transgenitalização. Objetivo: Discutir a atípica situação de sujeito transexual que não deseja passar pelo procedimento cirúrgico. Método: Emprego de entrevista qualitativa que visou estudar as relações dos significados atribuídos pelo sujeito da pesquisa. Resultados: Relato de Caso descritivo de sujeito que  se contrapõe a um dos elementos do diagnóstico psiquiátrico de transexualismo: atendendo aos critérios de elegibilidade à transgenitalização prefere conservar suas características físicas, mas mantém uma atitude positiva em relação ao seu corpo devido a eficiência de suas defesas psicológicas. Conclusão: Este caso nos convida a refletir que a mudança de sexo, apesar de aliviar a disforia de gênero, pode não ser suficiente como tratamento para o transexual. A recomendação do tratamento deve ir além da elegibilidade e deve avaliar o préstimo ofertado à qualidade de vida do sujeito dentro de novas perspectivas despatologizadas promovidas por entidades de cuidado humanitário na área da saúde.  Introduction: Intending to promote the welfare of the transsexual population there are worldwide changes in clinical management recommendations. The criteria for treatments aim at minimizing the effects of Gender Dysphoria of this population safeguarding their right to human dignity and shall be adopted by the conditions of eligibility and readiness; the complex sex reassignment surgery is among these treatments. Objective: To discuss the atypical situation of a transsexual subject who does not want to go through the surgical procedure. Method: Use of qualitative interview aimed at studying the relationships of meanings attributed by the research subject. Results: Descriptive Case Report of atypical subject opposed to one of the elements of the psychiatric diagnosis of transsexualism: meeting the eligibility criteria for gender reassignment, prefers to keep its physical characteristics but maintains a positive attitude to the body due to its efficient psychological defenses. Conclusion: This case invites us to reflect that sex change, although alleviating gender dysphoria, may not be sufficient as a treatment for the transsexual. The treatment recommendation must go beyond the eligibility and must assess the benefit offered to the quality of life of the subject within unpathologized new perspectives promoted by humanitarian organizations in health care.
QUEIXA ESCOLAR E GÊNERO: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DE PRONTUÁRIOS DE UM CAPSi DE SALVADOR-BA
Authors: Do Espirito Santo Freire Klessyo do Espirito Santo , Ribeiro Cortez Cardozo Barata de Almeida Hessel Beatriz , Carvalhal Tito
Published: November 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as possíveis relações entre a queixa escolar e a construção de gênero em prontuários em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial Infanto-juvenil (CAPSi) de Salvador- BA. Ele partiu de pesquisa de mestrado que objetivou analisar como essas queixas eram entendidas e atendidas nesse serviço. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo de inspiração etnográfica, utilizando como recursos metodológicos análise de prontuários, observação participante e entrevista com profissionais. Aqui serão apresentados os resultados relativo à análise de prontuários, com um recorte para as questões de construção de gênero. Como resultado, foi encontrado que os meninos representaram maior parte dos encaminhamentos (71%). Proporcionalmente, as meninas apresentaram mais relatos de situações de humilhação na escola e também descrições que indicaram um alto grau de sofrimento psíquico. Os dados revelam uma forte influência de padrões existentes na construção de gênero subjacentes a esses encaminhamentos. Por fim, conclui-se com a necessidade de se discutir mais temática de relações étnicos raciais, de gênero e classe social com profissionais das políticas públicas de educação e saúde.
MULHERES ENCARCERADAS: A SAÚDE ATRÁS DAS GRADES
Authors: Ribeiro Maria Auxiliadora Teixeira , De Deus Niedja Mara Silva Fontes
Published: November 2017

O aumento significativo do encarceramento de mulheres no Brasil tem trazido impacto para as políticas de segurança, administração penitenciária, assim como para as políticas específicas à desigualdade de gênero. Este texto decorre do mapeamento da literatura acessada em banco de dados e objetiva ampliar a discussão sobre a saúde das mulheres no Sistema Prisional, focalizando o recorte de gênero que circula nos artigos nacionais e internacionais publicados entre 2004 e 2015. Para construir o objeto de estudo, essas produções científicas foram acessadas nas bases de dados- Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO); Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) -utilizando descritores: mulheres na prisão e mulheres em cárcere. Foram selecionados 74 artigos, nos quais identificou-se os temas: perfil(9), cotidiano(22), saúde(16), família(16), ressocialização(11) e mídia(1); as áreas de estudo em que foram produzidos: Enfermagem(5), Psicologia(15), Saúde Pública/Coletiva(16), Serviço Social(1), Medicina(10), Ciências Sociais(10), Direito(8), Educação (9); regiões e países. Foram selecionados os artigos identificados pela discussão de saúde e os subtemas foram definidos através dos resumos de cada texto e norteados pelo objetivo da pesquisa. Numa revisão dialógica da literatura, identificou-se que as produções apontam para as diferenças de gênero, sem apresentarem, entretanto, uma discussão sobre alguma teoria de gênero específica. Em sua maioria, referem-se ao gênero como todas as formas de construção social, cultural e linguística que diferenciam mulheres de homens e produzem seus corpos como corpos dotados de sexo, gênero e sexualidade.
Infant outcome at four years of age after intrapartum sampling of scalp blood lactate for fetal assessment. A cohort study. v3
Authors: Wiberg Nana , Wirenfeldt Klausen Tobias , Tyrberg Tobias , Nordström Lennart , Wiberg-Itzel Eva
Published: November 2017

Objective To correlate the value of lactate in fetal scalp blood at delivery and the outcomes of the offspring at four years of age. Methods: Cases where scalp blood lactate was taken within sixty minutes before delivery were identified from the randomized trial "Determination of pH or lactate in fetal scalp blood in management of intrapartum fetal distress”. Data were divided according to the generally accepted cutoffs for normality, pre-acidemia, acidemia and concentrations above mean +2 SD during the second stage. The outcome measures included gross-/fine motor function, vision, hearing, speaking and cognitive disorders, signs of central motor damage and referral to specialized pediatric services. Results: 307 cases were available for final analyse. With normal scalp lactate concentration, the number of children with a diagnosed disorder was lower compared to the pre-acidemic/acidemic groups, although the findings were only significant for fine motor dysfunction (p = 0.036). Elevated lactate values were significantly associated with increased risk for a poorer capacity of attention and understanding of instructions (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.07-1.74), and for fine motor dysfunction (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.00-1.49) at the age of four. Conclusion: Higher levels of lactate in fetal scalp blood are associated with increased risk of an aberrant developmental outcome at four years of age in some areas. If scalp lactate is normal, it seems safe to allow labor to continue.
[RETRACTED] What Are Cytokines in Your Laboratory? v1
Authors: Schmitt Thomas
Published: November 2017

[RETRACTED]

Cytokines are small secreted proteins released by cells that have a specific effect on the interactions and communications between cells. It was originally used to separate a group of immuno-regulatory proteins, such as interleukins, from other chemicals, known as growth factors, that modulated the proliferation and bioactivation of nonimmune cells.
Sample read count to functional categories for Anvi'o bar chart v1
Authors: L Hurwitz Bonnie
Published: November 2017

Create a script to add functional information about the samples into Anvi'o.
Derechos de la mujer dentro del contexto del desplazamiento forzado en Colombia
Authors: Sánchez Lucumí Claudia Lorena , Oliveros Ortíz Stephanie
Published: November 2017

Throughout this document will explain the significance of displacement and the impact of this on women, since, although it affects more people, this by their vulnerability takes an important role in the war-movement context . Similarly, analyzing the situation through jurisprudence, which consists mainly of sentences guardianship and the remainder in court records, will be mentioned Human Rights that are violated by the active agents of the conflict, and measures will be explained affirmative action has been taken based on this circumstance. Among the important ideas is the fact of social exclusion experienced to get to a place where to put it somehow "belong" and in the second instance, the armed conflict in Colombia is one of the main reasons why they are forced to leave their homes for the purpose of being for themselves and for their children.
First a job, and then a family? Impacts of disabilities on young people's life courses in a nineteenth-century Swedish region
Authors: Vikstr Lotta , H Erling , Haage Helena
Published: November 2017

This study considers the life courses of young men and women with and without disabilities in the Sundsvall region of Sweden during the nineteenth century. It aims to ascertain how disability and gender shaped their involvement in work and their experience of family in order to assess the extent of their social inclusion. Through the use of Swedish parish registers digitized by the Demographic Data Base, Umeå University, we examine 8,874 individuals observed from 15 to 33 years of age to investigate whether obtaining a job, getting married and having children were less frequent events for people with disabilities. Our results reveal that this was the case and particularly for those with mental disabilities, even if having an impairment did not wholly prevent people from finding a job. However, their work did not represent the key to family formation and for the women it implied a higher rate of illegitimacy. We argue that the lower level of inclusion in work and family was not solely the outcome of the impairment itself, but differed in relation to the particular attitudes towards men and women with disabilities within the labour market and society more generally in this particular context.
Beyond the Business Case: Different Models of Including People with Disabilities at Work
Authors: Lee Justin , Mathews Mathew , Shing Wong Fung , Kuansong Zhuang
Published: November 2017

When not done properly, policies or interventions that claim to be 'inclusive' can be patronizing or even oppressive. Through interviews and focus groups with employers, service providers and the disability community in Singapore, we helped to articulate what counts as ideal or sensible inclusion of people with disabilities at work. Against those that might seek to mainstream disability wherever it exists, our findings suggest that enclaved spaces for work serve an important function despite charges of being exclusionary. Some enclaves operate as 'work villages' that provide a protected, familiar space to accommodate unique needs while others serve as 'diversity incubators' that provide scalable lessons for more mainstream contexts. Within the Singapore context, policymakers largely operate within a 'business case' paradigm that focuses on incentivizing employers and an 'industrial model' of vocational assessment and job placement. While this has a role to play, we demonstrate the importance of attending to the neglected 'moral case' for hiring people with disabilities.
Reading Disability in a Time of Posthuman Work: Speed and Embodiment in Joshua Ferris' The Unnamed and Michael Faber's Under the Skin
Authors: Murray Stuart
Published: November 2017

This article analyzes a contemporary posthuman culture of work through a critical disability optic and, in particular, examines the disability aesthetics employed by Ferris and Faber in their novels. It opens with an outline of how contemporary post-industrial work cultures fixate on notions of speed and efficiency, and then reads the ideas of 'humanity', embodiment and power that result from this, before situating the difference of disability as a critique of such focus on immediacy and productivity. Ferris' and Faber's novels are read in terms of their analysis of disability and work, exploring how each creates complex ideas of embodiment, time and subjectivity from their very different contexts (the corporate world of the Manhattan legal profession in The Unnamed and an isolated alien/posthuman work environment of food production in Under the Skin). While offering a critique of the posthuman as it is figured in neo-liberal conceptions of work, the article concludes by suggesting the productive possibilities of aligning a critical posthumanist anti-humanism with contemporary disability theory in further understanding representations of work and disability.
Disabled to work? Impairment, the in/ability to work and perceptions of dis/ability in late medieval and early modern Germany
Authors: Schattner Angela
Published: November 2017

No abstract available.
Lectura literaria juvenil: los clubes de lectura como entornos de investigación
Authors: Dantas Taisa , Cordón-García José Antonio , Gómez-Díaz Raquel
Published: November 2017

El presente artículo se centra en el uso de los clubes de lectura en investigaciones realizadas con lectores jóvenes (entre 13 y 18 años), a partir del modelo utilizado por la Fundación Germán Sánchez Ruipérez en el proyecto BeatlePad (Territorio Ebook). En él se comprueba la influencia que los clubes de lectura ejercen en lectura de los jóvenes, realizando además un seguimiento de las mismas en sus entornos naturales. La metodología utilizada es de carácter cualitativo, con entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis de la documentación generada en el desarrollo del proyecto. Se parte de la hipótesis de que los clubes de lectura revisten una importancia capital desde el punto de vista de la dinamización de la misma, pero también como objeto de estudio para detectar todos los elementos nucleares que subyacen en el desarrollo de las prácticas lectoras. Al mismo tiempo, la investigación con estas entidades permite aflorar elementos transversales que habitualmente son difíciles de detectar.
El concepto de literatura infantil. Un estudio de caso con maestros en formación inicial
Authors: López-Valero Amando , Hernández-Delgado Lourdes , Encabo Eduardo
Published: November 2017

El propósito de este artículo es reflexionar acerca de los resultados obtenidos en un estudio de corte cuantitativo-interpretativo realizado con profesorado en formación inicial. El problema abordado tiene que ver con el concepto de literatura infantil, la actualidad del mismo y, sobre todo, las impresiones de los futuros maestros acerca de diferentes dimensiones relacionadas con él. Esta investigación nos ha proporcionado datos elocuentes que nos ayudan a ubicar de forma adecuada este tipo de literatura en el ámbito social.Mediante una metodología tipo encuesta se ha trabajado con una muestra de 107 estudiantes de cuarto curso de la especialidad de Grado en Educación Infantil pertenecientes a la Universidad de Murcia. Los resultados obtenidos nos llevan a profundizar en aspectos como el conocimiento de personajes y tramas que el alumnado posee, sobre la calidad de los textos de la literatura infantil; o, ahondar en las preguntas que conciernen a la definición de esta disciplina, sobre todo, teniendo en cuenta la incidencia que sobre ella tiene lo audiovisual.
Aproximación a la ecocrítica y la ecoliteratura: literatura juvenil clásica e imaginarios del agua
Authors: Campos-F.-Fígares Mar , García-Rivera Gloria
Published: November 2017

Las más recientes teorías de crítica literaria nos proporcionan la posibilidad de nuevos acercamientos a los textos clásicos para ofrecer a los jóvenes la posibilidad de cambiar su mirada sobre el mundo que les rodea, aprendiendo a ‹‹leer›› la naturaleza en esos textos a la luz de la ecocrítica. Para ello hemos seleccionado textos (teóricamente) bien conocidos por su carácter de clásico juvenil que pueden incluirse de manera destacada en la línea de “Cultura del agua”,  que ocupa un lugar predominante dentro de los estudios de la ecocrítica. A través del análisis de estas obras el joven lector puede descubrir una nueva mirada que ayude a re-construir la relación del hombre con la naturaleza (y en concreto a partir de textos vinculados con el mar), poniendo en valor estos referentes de la historia literaria.  A la par, estas relecturas de los clásicos desde una perspectiva ecocrítica sirven para que la educación literaria sea una aliada de la  educación medioambiental y de una actitud activa y comprometida hacia los retos actuales en esta materia.
Impact of competence-based training on employability of Technical and Vocational graduates in Ethiopia
Authors: Geressu Birhane Sime
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study is to critically examine the impact of competence based training on employability of technical and vocational college graduates in Ethiopia. Mixed methods of research design, predominantly concurrent nested strategy were employed to conduct the study. The study involved 162 instructors, 123 Level III automotive technology trainees, 87 department heads and 89 graduates, a total of 461 respondents as a sample. Moreover, 24 respondents (6 industry owners, 6 TVET college deans, 6 competence-based process owners and 6 industry trainers’ leaders) were purposely selected for interview and focus group discussion. Under the study, the researcher used employability of graduates as dependent variable andcompetency basedtraining as independent variable. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed for data analysis. The study result showed that technical and vocational education and training (TVET) colleges in Ethiopia have been performing below expectations in developing demand-based curriculum and implementing competence-based training in TVET colleges and industries. As a result, among the graduates nearly 50 percent are not employed in the past two years. Hence, it is recommended that constantly consulting and involving relevant stakeholders in setting study profile, identifying intended learning outcomes and strengtheningcompetence basedlearning style are vital for graduates to demonstrate employability skill, knowledge and attitude into the job that consequentially lead to graduate employment.Published online: 30 November 2017
Algebraic competences and emotional intelligence of first year Bachelor of Science in Mathematics and Science Education students at the Copperbelt University in Zambia
Authors: Musonda Allan
Published: November 2017

This study examined the relationship between algebraic competences and emotional intelligence offirst yearBachelor of Science in mathematics and science education students at Copperbelt University in Zambia. All (143) first year Bachelor of Science in mathematics and science education students, in 2016, were purposively selected for the study. The study was motivated by evidence that students generally do not perform well in their first year university mathematics examinations despite the students having very good university entry grades in secondary school mathematics. This poor academic performance may be due to many factors. However, this study identified and focused on emotional intelligence as one such factor. Emotional intelligence is defined as the ability to identify, assess and manage the emotions of one’s self, of others and of groups. It is argued that emotional intelligence represents an ability to reason with emotions and to use emotions to facilitate thought. On the other hand, Algebra was chosen as the focus of the study because of its centrality to the whole offirst yearuniversity mathematics content. Algebra is found in all branches of mathematics directly or indirectly. Therefore, the study explored the algebraic competences of the first year students and examined possible relationships with their emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence was measured using the Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT), and algebraic competences were measured through a Grade 12 level algebra achievement test and a university level algebra achievement test constructed by the researcher. Data were analysed using non-parametric statistical techniques: Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation (rho) and the Mann-Whitney U Test. Results showed that there is a significant positive correlation between Grade 12 level andfirst yearuniversity level algebraic competences. Results also showed that there is no significant relationship between students’ algebraic competences and their emotional intelligence. Furthermore, the study reviewed that female students have higher levels of emotional intelligence than their male counterparts.Published online: 30 November 2017
Development of a Mechanical Engineering Test Item Bank to promote learning outcomes-based education in Japanese and Indonesian higher education institutions
Authors: Cross Jeffrey S. , Ekawati Estiyanti , Fukahori Satoko , Obi Shinnosuke , Saito Yugo , Tandian Nathanael P. , Triawan Farid
Published: November 2017

Following on the 2008-2012 OECD Assessment of Higher Education Learning Outcomes (AHELO) feasibility study of civil engineering, in Japan a mechanical engineering learning outcomes assessment working group was established within the National Institute of Education Research (NIER), which became the Tuning National Center for Japan. The purpose of the project is to develop among engineering faculty members, common understandings of engineering learning outcomes, through the collaborative process of test item development, scoring, and sharing of results. By substantiating abstract level learning outcomes into concrete level learning outcomes that are attainable and assessable, and through measuring and comparing the students’ achievement of learning outcomes, it is anticipated that faculty members will be able to draw practical implications for educational improvement at the program and course levels. The development of a mechanical engineering test item bank began with test item development workshops, which led to a series of trial tests, and then to a large scale test implementation in 2016 of 348 first semester master’s students in 9 institutions in Japan, using both multiple choice questions designed to measure the mastery of basic and engineering sciences, and a constructive response task designed to measure “how well students can think like an engineer.” The same set of test items were translated from Japanese into to English and Indonesian, and used to measure achievement of learning outcomes at Indonesia’s Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB) on 37 risingfourth yearundergraduate students. This paper highlights how learning outcomes assessment can effectively facilitate learning outcomes-based education, by documenting the experience of Japanese and Indonesian mechanical engineering faculty members engaged in the NIER Test Item Bank project.Published online: 30 November 2017
MEDIDAS SUSTENTÁVEIS NO MERCADO DE CAFÉ EM DOSE ÚNICA
Authors: Silva Eduardo Cesar , Azevedo Angélica Da Silva , Castro Junior Luiz Gonzaga
Published: November 2017

O café é uma das bebidas mais consumidas no mundo. Desde o século XIX, o consumo da bebida cresce apoiado por inovações tecnológicas. Uma dessas inovações consiste nas máquinas de café em dose única. No entanto, essa tecnologia causa danos ao meio ambiente devido aos materiais utilizados na fabricação das cápsulas, fato que preocupa ativistas, políticos e consumidores. Diante deste cenário, o presente artigo analisa as inovações sustentáveis que a indústria do café tem desenvolvido para lidar com o problema. Para isso, foram analisadas qualitativamente as estratégias de sete marcas de café em dose única. Os resultados mostraram que as empresas líderes do setor optaram pelo desenvolvimento de estratégias de reciclagem das cápsulas usadas. Por outro lado, apenas duas marcas possuem estratégias abrangentes de reciclagem. Os principais pontos fracos da reciclagem são a logística e dependência da iniciativa dos consumidores. Outra solução encontrada por marcas menores é a utilização de material compostável. Nesse caso, também há limitações, como a necessidade uma usina de compostagem.

 

ABSTRACT

Coffee is one of the most consumed beverages in the world. Since the 19th century, technological innovations have boosted coffee consumption. The single cup coffee machines are one of these innovations. However, this technology causes damage to the environment due to the materials used in the coffee pods manufacture, an issue that worries activists, politicians and consumers. Given this scenario, the present article analyzes the sustainable innovations that the coffee industry has developed to deal with the problem. For this, the strategies of seven brands of single cup coffee were analyzed qualitatively. The results showed that leading companies in the sector opted for recycling strategies for used coffee pods. On the other hand, only two brands have comprehensive recycling strategies. The main weaknesses of recycling are logistics and dependence on consumer initiative. Another solution, found by smaller brands, is the use of compostable materials in single cups manufacture. In this case, there are also limitations, such as the need for a composting plant.
ESTUDO DA CINÉTICA DE DEGRADAÇÃO TÉRMICA DO ÓLEO VEGETAL DE PALMA
Authors: Garcia Carolina Gonçalves , Valério Pedro Prates
Published: November 2017

A palmeira Elaeis guineensis se destaca mundialmente, nos contextos econômicos e industriais. O óleo extraído da palma apresenta teores elevados de compostos nutracêuticos, dentre os quais carotenoides (1300 µg.g-1). Seu processamento térmico contribui com reações de degradação e isomerização destes compostos, influenciando produtos finais. O presente estudo considera a cinética de degradação térmica (T = 403,15K a 423,15K) de carotenoides, presentes em óleo de palma. Em monitoramento, realizam-se análises laboratoriais baseadas em espectrofotometria. Em contextos industriais, resultados sugerem maior retenção do composto estudado quando o processamento é conduzido a temperaturas preferencialmente reduzidas, respeitando uma cinética de degradação de primeira ordem. Assumiu-se que as constantes de velocidade () estimadas variaram com a temperatura absoluta (K), de acordo com a Lei de Arrhenius. A energia de ativação para a degradação térmica dos carotenoides no óleo estudado foi estimada como sendo igual a 42 kJ.mol-1.

 

ABSTRACT

The Elaeis guineensis palm stands out globally, in economic and industrial contexts. The oil extracted from the palm has high levels of nutraceutical compounds, among them carotenoids (1300 μg.g-1). Its thermal processing contributes to reactions of degradation and isomerization of these compounds, influencing final products. The present study considers the thermal degradation kinetics (T = 403,15K to 423,15K) of carotenoids present in palm oil. Under monitoring, laboratory tests are performed based on spectrophotometry. In industrial contexts, results suggest higher retention of the studied compound when the processing is conducted at preferentially reduced temperatures, respecting first order degradation kinetics. It was assumed that the estimated rate constants (k) varied with the absolute temperature (K), according to the Arrhenius Law. The activation energy for the thermal degradation of the carotenoids in the studied oil was estimated to be equal to 42 kJ.mol-1.
Applied Hierarchical Cluster Analysis with Average Linkage Algoritm
Authors: Astuti Cindy Cahyaning , Untari Rahmania Sri
Published: November 2017

This research was conducted in Sidoarjo District where source of data used from secondary data contained in the book "Kabupaten Sidoarjo Dalam Angka 2016" .In this research the authors chose 12 variables that can represent sub-district characteristics in Sidoarjo. The variable that represents the characteristics of the sub-district consists of four sectors namely geography, education, agriculture and industry. To determine the equitable geographical conditions, education, agriculture and industry each district, it would require an analysis to classify sub-districts based on the sub-district characteristics. Hierarchical cluster analysis is the analytical techniques used to classify or categorize the object of each case into a relatively homogeneous group expressed as a cluster. The results are expected to provide information about dominant sub-district characteristics and non-dominant sub-district characteristics in four sectors based on the results of the cluster is formed.
The Simulation Study to Test the Performance of Quantile Regression Method With Heteroscedastic Error Variance
Authors: Yanuar Ferra
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this article was to describe the ability of the quantile regression method in overcoming the violation of classical assumptions. The classical assumptions that are violated in this study are variations of non-homogeneous error or heteroscedasticity. To achieve this goal, the simulated data generated with the design of certain data distribution. This study did a comparison between the models resulting from the use of the ordinary least squares and the quantile regression method to the same simulated data. Consistency of both methods was compared with conducting simulation studies as well. This study proved that the quantile regression method had standard error, confidence interval width and mean square error (MSE) value smaller than the ordinary least squares method. Thus it can be concluded that the quantile regression method is able to solve the problem of heteroscedasticity and produce better model than the ordinary least squares. In addition the ordinary least squares is not able to solve the problem of heteroscedasticity.
Modelling of Multi Input Transfer Function for Rainfall Forecasting in Batu City
Authors: Purnama Priska Arindya
Published: November 2017

The aim of this research is to model and forecast the rainfall in Batu City using multi input transfer function model based on air temperature, humidity, wind speed and cloud. Transfer function model is a multivariate time series model which consists of an output series (Yt) sequence expected to be effected by an input series (Xt) and other inputs in a group called a noise series (Nt). Multi input transfer function model obtained is (b1,s1,r1) (b2,s2,r2) (b3,s3,r3) (b4,s4,r4)(pn,qn) = (0,0,0) (23,0,0) (1,2,0) (0,0,0) ([5,8],2) and shows that air temperature on t-day affects rainfall on t-day, rainfall on t-day is influenced by air humidity in the previous 23 days, rainfall on t-day is affected by wind speed in the previous day , and rainfall on day t is affected by clouds on day t. The results of rainfall forecasting in Batu City with multi input transfer function model can be said to be accurate, because it produces relatively small RMSE value. The value of RMSE data forecasting training is 7.7921 while forecasting data testing is 4.2184. Multi-input transfer function model is suitable for rainfall in Batu City.
Estimation of Geographically Weighted Regression Case Study on Wet Land Paddy Productivities in Tulungagung Regency
Authors: Ariyanto Danang
Published: November 2017

Regression is a method connected independent variable and dependent variable with estimation parameter as an output. Principal problem in this method is its application in spatial data. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) method used to solve the problem. GWR  is a regression technique that extends the traditional regression framework by allowing the estimation of local rather than global parameters. In other words, GWR runs a regression for each location, instead of a sole regression for the entire study area. The purpose of this research is to analyze the factors influencing wet land paddy productivities in Tulungagung Regency. The methods used in this research is  GWR using cross validation  bandwidth and weighted by adaptive Gaussian kernel fungtion.This research using  4 variables which are presumed affecting the wet land paddy productivities such as:  the rate of rainfall(X1), the average cost of fertilizer per hectare(X2), the average cost of pestisides per hectare(X3) and Allocation of subsidized NPK fertilizer of food crops sub-sector(X4). Based on the result, X1, X2, X3 and X4  has a different effect on each Distric. So, to improve the productivity of wet land paddy in Tulungagung Regency required a special policy based on the GWR model in each distric.
Local Stability Analysis of an SVIR Epidemic Model
Authors: Harianto Joko
Published: November 2017

In this paper, we present an SVIR epidemic model with deadly deseases. Initially the basic formulation of the model is presented. Two equilibrium point exists for the system; disease free and endemic equilibrium. The local stability of the disease free and endemic equilibrium exists when the basic reproduction number less or greater than unity, respectively. If the value of R0 less than one then the desease free equilibrium is locally stable, and if its exceeds, the endemic equilibrium is locally stable. The numerical results are presented for illustration.
SIFAT FISIK, KIMIA DAN ORGANOLEPTIK DODOL HASIL VARIASI RASIO TOMAT DAN TEPUNG RUMPUT LAUT
Authors: Lukito Maharani Sandiana , Giyarto Giyarto , Jayus Jayus
Published: November 2017

The process of making a healty meal that does not contain endangering ingredients is truly needed to keep the complete nutritional intake of people who generally consume the meals. Tomato has complete contents including likopen contents, so that product coloring is not needed for certain food products. Dodol commonly made with the raw ingredients sticy rice flour, sugar, and coconut milk which has chewy texture if added and has a high nutrients. The type od seaweed used by this product is Eucheuma cottoni that can result carrageenan which can increase the plasticity and the sturdy texture of dodol. The research aimed to know the effect of ratio tomato and seaweed dodol formulation and also to know the best dodol formulation using seaweed and tomato based on the result of sensory and phisiochemical quality. This study was used a completely randomized design with one single factor that is the comparation of tomato and seaweed composition. This analysis showed that the of with ratio of tomato and seaweed flour significantly affected the brightness (L), a*, b*, the chemical includes water content, dust content, protein content, fiber content, and carbohydrat content dodol. However, it has no really influential of the fat contents. The good treatment and favorites of dodol was combination of 80% tomato and 20% seaweed flour. The best dodol has lightness (L) = 51,83, value of a*= 6,79, value of b*= 6,67, texture 597,70 g/5 mm, water contents about 23 %, dust content about 1,69%, fat contents about6,13 %, protein contents about 11,17 %, rugged fiber content about 1,95 %, and carbohydrat content about 57,74 %. The average of a preference colour, aroma, texture, flavor, and the overall favorite successive result hardness 3,27 ; 3,73 ; 3,60 ; 3,23; 3,77 (preferences value medium up to high).

Keywords: dodol, tomato, seaweed flour
Benjamin Tromly. Making the Soviet Intelligentsia: Universities and Intellectual Life Under Stalin and Khruschev
Authors: Gómez Hernández Juan
Published: November 2017

Este archivo reseña: Benjamin Tromly. Making the Soviet Intelligentsia: Universities and Intellectual Life Under Stalin and Khruschev. New Studies in European History. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014, xiv pp. + 296 pp.
Luces y sombras del principado de Augusto en EE UU (1776-1860)
Authors: Martínez Maza Clelia
Published: November 2017

Resumen: Resulta innegable la trascendencia del mundo clásico en Estados Unidos durante el periodo anterior a la Guerra de Secesión. La literatura del principado de Augusto tuvo una especial influencia y proporcionó referentes ideológicos que legitimaban tanto la estructura socioeconómica como el modelo político que se proponía para el nuevo estado: una sociedad de base agrícola inspirada en la que cantaban poetas augusteos como Virgilio y una democracia de pequeños propietarios. Sin embargo, el poder ilimitado del emperador y su carácter vitalicio fueron algunos de los motivos por los que la figura de Augusto recibió numerosas críticas y fue rechazada como paradigma de buen gobierno.Palabras clave: Padres fundadores, Augusto, Virgilio, Horacio, Estados Unidos, Imperio romano.Abstract: It is clear the ongoing importance of the classics before the Civil War in the United States and their formative influence upon the Founders. The literature of the Augustan Principate provided one of their principal sets of ideological tools: an agricultural lifestyle, a lifestyle deified by Augustan poets, a society of Virgilian farmers and a democratic republic supported by free landholders. However, Augustus became a code word for tyrant. The Founding Fathers perceived him as an antimodel and he was rejected as a political canon because of the unlimited power and lifetime term of the Roman Emperors.Key words: Founding Fathers, Augustus, Virgil, Horace, United States, Roman Empire.
Reconsidering the ‘Decline’ of Dental Student Empathy within the Course in Latin America
Authors: Díaz-Narváez Víctor Patricio , Coronado Ana María Erazo , Bilbao Jorge Luis , González Farith , Padilla Mariela , Calzadilla-Nuñez Aracelis , Silva-Vetri Maria Guadalupe , Arboleda Joel , Bullen Mirian , Utsman Robert , Fajardo Elizabeth , Alonso Luz Marina , Cervantes Marcos , Varela Teresa
Published: November 2017

Introduction: The controversy over the presence of empathic decline within the course in students of medicine, dentistry and health sciences in general, has not fully been studied. This controversy could be partially solved if massive studies of empathy levels are made in similar cultural, social and economic contexts.Material and Methods: Empathy levels within the course were studied in eighteen dental schools from six countries in Latin America (2013). The mean of the empathy levels were used to study the behavior between first and fifth academic years. The values of empathy levels within the course were observed by applying the Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy, the Spanish version. All these studies were cross-sectional. The value of means observed, were subjected to regression studies and further adjustment curves were obtained and the coefficient of determination were calculated.Results: Six different models of behavior were observed, which found that five of them suffer empathic decline within the course, but with different final results: in some the decline persists until the fifth academic year and in others, this decline ‘recovers’ persistently until the fifth academic year. The sixth model is characterized by a constant and persistent increase of levels of empathy within the course until the last academic year.Discussion: There are six different models for the behavior of means of levels of empathy within the course evaluated by a common methodology in eighteen dental schools from six countries of Latin America. These findings support the existence of variability of empathic response and a comprehensive approach is needed to find the causes that give rise to this variability.Conclusion: In dental students of Latin America, there is variability in the behavior of the distribution in means between the academic years of the dentistry schools examined in this study.
Metabolic Activity in the Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues by FDG-PET/CT in Obese Patients
Authors: Monteiro Ana Margarida , Ferreira Gonçalo , Duarte Hugo
Published: November 2017

Introduction: The emerging role of the 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography in the study of the metabolic activity and inflammation in adipose tissue indicates that it might be a reliable tool to complement the risk stratification in obesity. The aims of this study were the evaluation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by visceral adipose tissues and subcutaneous adipose tissues and to determine eventual differences in patients with and without obesity.Material and Methods: Retrospective study of adult patients who underwent whole body 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/ computed tomography scanning between July and August of 2016. Statistical analysis: SPSS™ software v.20. Statisticalsignificance: p < 0.05.Results: We assessed fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography/computed tomography scans from 156 patients (58.3% of males) with a mean age of 61.0 ± 14.1 years. Half of the patients had a body mass index ≥ 25.0 kg/m2 and 15.4% (n = 24) were obese. In both groups, the mean 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake was higher in visceral adipose tissues. There were no differences in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in visceral adipose tissues between the groups. Obese patients had lower density of adipose tissue,both in subcutaneous adipose tissues and in visceral adipose tissues. Abdominal circumference and density of visceral adipose tissueshad a positive predictive value in the mean 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in visceral adipose tissues. Discussion: Through a non-invasive test, this study demonstrated a significant higher metabolic activity in visceral adipose tissues in both obese and non-obese patients. According to our results, abdominal circumference was an important determinant in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake in visceral adipose tissues. We also demonstrated that obese patients had differences in adipose tissue quality.Conclusion: Our findings reinforce the importance of the adipose tissue quality and distribution for metabolic risk stratification.