bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the Theoretical Domain Framework to understand what helps and hinders the use of different sensory approaches in Australian psychiatric units: A survey of mental health clinicians
Authors: Wright Lisa , Bennett Sally , Meredith Pamela
Published: June 2023

Background/Aim

Although sensory approaches are recommended to relieve distress and agitation and reduce the use of seclusion and restraint, many Australian psychiatric units have struggled to sustain their practice. The aim of this study was to investigate the barriers and enablers influencing the use of different sensory approaches across one health region in Australia and to obtain recommendations for strategies to improve their use.

Method

This cross‐sectional survey was informed by the Theoretical Domain Framework. Likert scale questions considered barriers and enablers to the use of non‐weighted sensory interventions, weighted modalities, sensory rooms, and sensory assessments/plans. Open‐ended questions explored participant concerns and recommendations to improve the use of sensory approaches.

Results

Participants (n = 211) were from nursing, allied health, medical, and peer support staff across inpatient psychiatric units. Factors most frequently identified as enablers for using sensory approaches were beliefs of positive benefits to consumers (e.g. decreasing distress and agitation); belief it was within the staff's role; and knowledge of the approaches. Limited time was the most common identified barrier. Factors statistically associated with more frequent use were knowledge, skills, confidence, availability, and easy access to sensory tools/equipment. Only 30% of participants were concerned about potential risks of sensory approaches, with this risk mitigated through adequate supervision and thorough risk assessment. Recommendations to improve practice included improved access to, and maintenance of, equipment, more training, and increased staffing.

Conclusion

This study revealed how barriers and enablers vary for different sensory approaches and how these factors impact their frequency of use in psychiatric units. It provides insights into staff recommendations to improve the use of sensory approaches in one health region in Australia. This knowledge will lead to the development of implementation strategies to address identified barriers and improve the use of sensory approaches in psychiatric units.
New life in Japan's ‘endingness’ business
Authors: Allison Anne , Gould Hannah
Published: June 2023

The Japanese deathcare and Buddhist goods industry is a growing field, emerging out of radical shifts in the socio‐economic conditions of everyday life: smaller households, an ageing population and more irregular employment/lifestyle patterns. Based on fieldwork, this article reports tectonic ruptures within Japan’s household‐based mortuary system and Buddhist practice. It takes readers to ENDEX, the premier convention for Japan’s ‘ending industry’, where new ‘life’ emerges from the falling away of older death rites that get remixed and remade into newer experimental practices, businesses and business subjectivities. Examples range from high‐tech gravestones and drones to competitions for the ‘Hottest Priest’ and best encoffiner. This article engages with these new necro‐technologies and asks why the old deathcare system is falling apart. What are the socio‐material effects of its unravelling? And what does the futurity of necro‐praxis look like in Japan (and elsewhere) when the existential fabric of mortality may be torn apart?
Childhood social capital and drug use disorder in adulthood: A retrospective study on antecedent determinants of the type of drug use
Authors: Sørensen Jens Fyhn Lykke , Hansen Jens Bæk
Published: June 2023

Based on a sample of Danish adults who were enroled in treatment for drug use disorders as a prerequisite for qualifying for receiving unemployment benefits, we analyse the relationship between low social capital in childhood (LSCC) and the type of drug use in adulthood. The type of drug use is measured by distinguishing between those who were treated for using hard drugs (e.g., heroin and cocaine) and those who were treated for using soft drugs (cannabis). Extracting data from the initial treatment registration report, social capital is operationalised into seven different LSCC categories, and the total number of LSCC (the LSCC score) is recorded. Based on logistic regressions, the LSCC score shows a strong graded dose‐response relationship with hard drug use. With each additional LSCC, the probability of being treated for hard drug use increases with 9%. Parental child abuse is the most important single predictor of being treated for hard drug use. Having been parentally abused as a child raises the probability by 32%. The results hold after controlling for age, initiation age, and number of years of drug use, all of which show a significant reversed U‐shaped relationship with hard drug use.
Promises in Equity and at Law: Proprietary Estoppel after Guest v Guest
Authors: Waghorn Alexander
Published: June 2023

Under the doctrine of proprietary estoppel, a promise made to another that they will acquire a right in the promisor's land can give rise to a legal remedy, if the promisee has detrimentally relied on that promise. In Guest v Guest, the Supreme Court was asked to settle a long‐running debate about how judges should go about fashioning that remedy. The Court held that the claimant's award should be whatever is required to alleviate the unconscionability constituted by the promisor's repudiation of their promise. How that is to be determined will vary from case to case, but Guest v Guest makes clear that the starting assumption is that the promise will be enforced. This note sets out the approaches of the majority and the minority, and then discusses a number of issues raised by this decision.
Postpartum haemorrhage in high‐resource settings: Variations in clinical management and future research directions based on a comparative study of national guidelines
Authors: de Vries Pauline L. M. , Deneux‐Tharaux Catherine , Baud David , Chen Kenneth K. , Donati Serena , Goffinet Francois , Knight Marian , D’Souzah Rohan , Sueters Marieke , van den Akker Thomas
Published: June 2023

Objective

To compare guidelines from eight high‐income countries on prevention and management of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH), with a particular focus on severe PPH.

Design

Comparative study.

Setting

High‐resource countries.

Population

Women with PPH.

Methods

Systematic comparison of guidance on PPH from eight high‐income countries.

Main outcome measures

Definition of PPH, prophylactic management, measurement of blood loss, initial PPH‐management, second‐line uterotonics, non‐pharmacological management, resuscitation/transfusion management, organisation of care, quality/methodological rigour.

Conclusions

Our study highlights areas where strong evidence is lacking. There is need for a universal definition of (severe) PPH. Consensus is required on how and when to quantify blood loss to identify PPH promptly. Future research may focus on timing and sequence of second‐line uterotonics and non‐pharmacological interventions and how these impact maternal outcome. Until more data are available, different transfusion strategies will be applied. The use of clear transfusion‐protocols are nonetheless recommended to reduce delays in initiation. There is a need for a collaborative effort to develop standardised, evidence‐based PPH guidelines.

Results

Definitions of (severe) PPH varied as to the applied cut‐off of blood loss and incorporation of clinical parameters. Dose and mode of administration of prophylactic uterotonics and methods of blood loss measurement were heterogeneous. Recommendations on second‐line uterotonics differed as to type and dose. Obstetric management diverged particularly regarding procedures for uterine atony. Recommendations on transfusion approaches varied with different thresholds for blood transfusion and supplementation of haemostatic agents. Quality of guidelines varied considerably.
Is functional electrical stimulation effective in improving walking in adults with lower limb impairment due to an upper motor neuron lesion? An umbrella review
Authors: Andreopoulou Georgia , Busselli Giulia , Street Tamsyn , Bulley Cathy , Safari Reza , van der Linden Marietta L. , Burridge Jane
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To conduct an umbrella review of systematic reviews on functional electrical stimulation (FES) to improve walking in adults with an upper motor neuron lesion.

Methods

Five electronic databases were searched, focusing on the effect of FES on walking. The methodological quality of reviews was evaluated using AMSTAR2 and certainty of evidence was established through the GRADE approach.

Results

The methodological quality of the 24 eligible reviews (stroke, n = 16; spinal cord injury (SCI), n = 5; multiple sclerosis (MS); n = 2; mixed population, n = 1) ranged from critically low to high.

Stroke reviews concluded that FES improved walking speed through an orthotic (immediate) effect and had a therapeutic benefit (i.e., over time) compared to usual care (low certainty evidence). There was low‐to‐moderate certainty evidence that FES was no better or worse than an Ankle Foot Orthosis regarding walking speed post 6 months. MS reviews concluded that FES had an orthotic but no therapeutic effect on walking. SCI reviews concluded that FES with or without treadmill training improved speed but combined with an orthosis was no better than orthosis alone. FES may improve quality of life and reduce falls in MS and stroke populations.

Conclusion

FES has orthotic and therapeutic benefits. Certainty of evidence was low‐to‐moderate, mostly due to high risk of bias, low sample sizes, and wide variation in outcome measures. Future trials must be of higher quality, use agreed outcome measures, including measures other than walking speed, and examine the effects of FES for adults with cerebral palsy, traumatic and acquired brain injury, and Parkinson's disease.
Effect of intramuscular fat content on the sensory characteristics and dynamic flavor attributes of Japanese black cattle beef
Authors: Hirai Satomi , Kawai Ayaka , Mizuno Yurika , Sasaki Seiki , Iida Fumiko
Published: June 2023

The intramuscular fat (IMF) in beef affects its flavor intensity and attributes, which have a significant impact on palatability. We conducted a sensory evaluation by descriptive analysis, Temporal Check‐All‐That‐Apply, and a chemical analysis of 40 ribeye steaks from Japanese Black cattle to determine the relationship among IMF% and sensory characteristics including dynamic flavor attributes. The increased IMF% of Japanese Black cattle beef had intensified sweet and grilled/roasted flavors and reduced off‐flavor, whereas excessive IMF% resulted in a decrease in water‐soluble precursors of volatile and taste compounds including free amino acid and reducing sugars and weakened the flavor intensities. Beef with IMF% of approximately 40% exhibited strong and long‐lasting sweet and grilled/roasted flavors represented by butter‐ and roasted nut‐like, respectively, and a low perception of off‐flavors represented by gamey, bloody, and grassy. These flavor attributes may be responsible for its high flavor intensity and overall evaluation score, whereas an IMF% of >55% lowered these scores. The excessive IMF% of beef may induce the less palatable sensory characteristics.
Alpha‐synuclein‐associated changes in PINK1‐PRKN‐mediated mitophagy are disease context dependent
Authors: Hou Xu , Chen Taylor Hsuan‐Yu , Koga Shunsuke , Bredenberg Jenny M. , Faroqi Ayman H. , Delenclos Marion , Bu Guojun , Wszolek Zbigniew K. , Carr Jonathan A. , Ross Owen A. , McLean Pamela J. , Murray Melissa E. , Dickson Dennis W. , Fiesel Fabienne C. , Springer Wolfdieter
Published: June 2023

Alpha‐synuclein (αsyn) aggregates are pathological features of several neurodegenerative conditions including Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction and impairments of the autophagic‐lysosomal system can contribute to the deposition of αsyn, which in turn may interfere with health and function of these organelles in a potentially vicious cycle. Here we investigated a potential convergence of αsyn with the PINK1‐PRKN‐mediated mitochondrial autophagy pathway in cell models, αsyn transgenic mice, and human autopsy brain. PINK1 and PRKN identify and selectively label damaged mitochondria with phosphorylated ubiquitin (pS65‐Ub) to mark them for degradation (mitophagy). We found that disease‐causing multiplications of αsyn resulted in accumulation of the ubiquitin ligase PRKN in cells. This effect could be normalized by starvation‐induced autophagy activation and by CRISPR/Cas9‐mediated αsyn knockout. Upon acute mitochondrial damage, the increased levels of PRKN protein contributed to an enhanced pS65‐Ub response. We further confirmed increased pS65‐Ub‐immunopositive signals in mouse brain with αsyn overexpression and in postmortem human disease brain. Of note, increased pS65‐Ub was associated with neuronal Lewy body‐type αsyn pathology, but not glial cytoplasmic inclusions of αsyn as seen in MSA. While our results add another layer of complexity to the crosstalk between αsyn and the PINK1‐PRKN pathway, distinct mechanisms may underlie in cells and brain tissue despite similar outcomes. Notwithstanding, our finding suggests that pS65‐Ub may be useful as a biomarker to discriminate different synucleinopathies and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for Lewy body disease.
Synthesis, in silico and in vitro studies of hydrazide‐hydrazone imine derivatives as potential cholinesterase inhibitors
Authors: Güngör Seyit Ali
Published: June 2023

A series of hydrazide‐hydrazone imine derivative compounds (3a–k) were synthesized and their structures characterized using FTIR, 1H, and 13C (NMR) spectroscopic methods. In addition, molecular structures of compounds 3a, 3d, and 3g were elucidated by X‐ray diffraction technique. In vitro inhibition activities of hydrazide‐hydrazone imine derivatives against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were investigated. Compound 3i (IC50 = 2.01 μM) exhibited the best inhibitory activity against AChE, comparable to the control Galantamine (IC50 = 2.60 μM). Against BChE, compound 3h (IC50 = 2.83 μM) showed the best inhibitory property which is higher control Galantamine (IC50 = 3.70 μM). The Ki values of compound 3i (Ki = 0.63 μM) and compound 3h (Ki = 0.94 μM) that have the strongest inhibitory potential were determined against AChE and BChE, respectively. According to the docking result, the most stable conformation of AChE and compound 3i showed that it has a binding affinity of −10.82 kcal/moL. The binding affinity of the most stable conformation formed by BChE and compound 3h is −8.60 kcal/moL. Finally, in silico results and pharmacokinetic parameters of ADME showed that these compounds have good oral bioavailability properties.
Etiology and clinical features of children with bronchiectasis in China: A 10‐year multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Wang Hao , Xu Bao‐ping , Bao Yan‐min , Yang Yungang , Qian Li‐ling , Zhang Hai‐lin , Zhu Chun‐mei , Yin Yong , Jiang Min , Dai Ji‐hong , Xu Yong‐sheng , Zhu Xiao‐hua , Zhu Xiao‐ping , Shen Kun‐ling
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The current study aims to investigate the etiology spectrum and the clinical characteristics of bronchiectasis in Chinese children.

Methods

The study is designed as a multicenter retrospective study. 193 cases were enrolled in 13 centers in China between 2008 and 2017. The inclusive cases must meet the clinical as well as the HRCT criteria. Only if both two radiologists confirmed the diagnosis, the case could be enrolled. The cases that could not provide clinical and imageology data were excluded. The data were entered into the specialized system and then analyzed.

Results

One hundred sixty‐nine cases (87%) were found to have the underlying etiology. Post‐infective (46%), primary immunodeficiency (14%), and PCD (13%) were the common causes. All cases came from 28 provinces in Mainland China. The median age of symptom onset was 5.8 (2.0, 8.9) years. The median age of diagnosis was 8.4 (4.5, 11.6) years. The main symptoms were cough, sputum expectoration, and fever during the exacerbation. Nineteen percent of patients suffered from limited exercise tolerance. Clubbing was found in 17% of cases. Nearly 30% of patients presented growth limitations. On the HRCT findings, 126 cases had diffused bronchiectasis, and bilateral involvement was found in 94 cases. The lower lobes and right middle lobes were most commonly involved. Approximately 30% of cultures of sputum and bronchoalveolar lavage were positive.

Conclusion

A majority of cases could be found the underlying etiology. Post‐infective, primary immunodeficiency, and PCD were the most common causes. Some clinical figures might indicate a specific etiology.
Testing heterochrony: Connecting skull shape ontogeny and evolution of feeding adaptations in baleen whales
Authors: Lanzetti Agnese , Portela‐Miguez Roberto , Fernandez Vincent , Goswami Anjali
Published: June 2023

Ontogeny plays a key role in the evolution of organisms, as changes during the complex processes of development can allow for new traits to arise. Identifying changes in ontogenetic allometry—the relationship between skull shape and size during growth—can reveal the processes underlying major evolutionary transformations. Baleen whales (Mysticeti, Cetacea) underwent major morphological changes in transitioning from their ancestral raptorial feeding mode to the three specialized filter‐feeding modes observed in extant taxa. Heterochronic processes have been implicated in the evolution of these feeding modes, and their associated specialized cranial morphologies, but their role has never been tested with quantitative data. Here, we quantified skull shapes ontogeny and reconstructed ancestral allometric trajectories using 3D geometric morphometrics and phylogenetic comparative methods on sample representing modern mysticetes diversity. Our results demonstrate that Mysticeti, while having a common developmental trajectory, present distinct cranial shapes from early in their ontogeny corresponding to their different feeding ecologies. Size is the main driver of shape disparity across mysticetes. Disparate heterochronic processes are evident in the evolution of the group: skim feeders present accelerated growth relative to the ancestral nodes, while Balaenopteridae have overall slower growth, or pedomorphosis. Gray whales are the only taxon with a relatively faster rate of growth in this group, which might be connected to its unique benthic feeding strategy. Reconstructed ancestral allometries and related skull shapes indicate that extinct taxa used less specialized filter‐feeding modes, a finding broadly in line with the available fossil evidence.
Brief rapport: Perceptual aberration in patients at ultra‐high risk for psychosis
Authors: Clemmensen Lars , Kristensen Tina Dam , Wenneberg Christina , Rimvall Martin Køster , Nordentoft Merete , Glenthoej Louise
Published: June 2023

Background

Ultra‐high risk (UHR) is considered a forerunner of psychosis, but most UHR individuals do not later convert, yet remain symptomatic, disabled and help‐seeking. Thus, there is an increased recognition of the UHR phenotype as a syndrome in itself, rather than merely a risk syndrome. It is therefore essential to investigate outcomes other than transition to psychosis. For this purpose, perceptual aberration appears to be a distinct, as well as a stable and less state‐specific vulnerability indicator. We aimed to investigate perceptual aberration and associations with functional, neuro and social cognitive risk factors in an UHR sample.

Method

One hundred and twenty UHR and 64 healthy controls were compared on levels of perceptual aberration using the perceptual aberration scale. We further investigated cross‐sectional associations between perceptual aberration and CAARMS (as a measure of subthreshold psychotic symptoms) and functional, neuro and social cognitive risk factors within the UHR using Spearmans ρ.

Results

Perceptual aberration was significantly higher in UHR than in healthy controls and was associated with social functioning, executive functioning, and emotion recognition.

Conclusion

Our findings are consistent with a view of perceptual aberration as a stable vulnerability indicator that varies little with clinical state.
Mild generalised pustular psoriasis patient with a heterozygous hypomorphic MPO variant successfully treated with granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis
Authors: Takeichi Takuya , Yoshikawa Takenori , Iqbal Muhammad Nasir , Farooq Muhammad , Taki Tomoki , Muro Yoshinao , Shimomura Yutaka , Seishima Mariko , Akiyama Masashi
Published: June 2023

Pathogenic variants in MPO, which encodes the myeloperoxidase, were reported as causative genetic defects in several cases of generalised pustular psoriasis (GPP) in addition to patients with myeloperoxidase deficiency in 2020. However, which clinical subtypes of GPP patients have pathogenic variants in MPO remains largely undetermined, and elucidating this is clinically important. The present report outlines a mild case of GPP with a rare missense heterozygous variant, c.1810C>T p.(Arg604Cys), in MPO. Our structural analysis and functional assays to measure myeloperoxidase activity suggest that the present MPO substitution is a hypomorphic variant in MPO. Thus, the mild phenotype of the present GPP patient might be associated with an incomplete hypomorphic loss‐of‐function variant in MPO. Additionally, the severe intractable edematous pustules and erythema improved dramatically after five rounds of granulocyte and monocyte adsorption apheresis (GMA) therapy. This is the first report of GMA treatment for GPP associated with a pathogenic variant in MPO, as far as we know. Our findings suggest that GMA might be a useful and powerful tool for controlling GPP in patients with myeloperoxidase deficiency.
Species traits and ecosystem characteristics affect species detection by eDNA metabarcoding in lake fish communities
Authors: Doi Hideyuki , Matsuoka Shunsuke , Matsuzaki Shin‐ichiro S. , Nagano Mariko , Sato Hirotoshi , Yamanaka Hiroki , Matsuhashi Saeko , Yamamoto Satoshi , Minamoto Toshifumi , Araki Hitoshi , Ikeda Kousuke , Kato Atsuko , Kumei Kouichi , Maki Nobutaka , Mitsuzuka Takashi , Takahara Teruhiko , Toki Kimihito , Ueda Natsuki , Watanabe Takeshi , Yamazoe Kanji , Miya Masaki
Published: June 2023

Although environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding is an exceptionally useful and powerful tool for monitoring biodiversity, little is known about whether the traits of organisms and their ecosystem characteristics affect eDNA metabarcoding performance. Nationwide surveys can provide more detailed insights, yet such studies have rarely been conducted.

In order to evaluate eDNA metabarcoding performance in broad‐scale monitoring, we examined the effects of species ecological/biological traits and ecosystem characteristics on species detection rates and the implications for community analysis. In addition, we tested the effects of sample mixing and transportation methods, including cooling and freezing, on eDNA metabarcoding. On a nationwide scale, we conducted eDNA metabarcoding for fish communities in 18 Japanese lakes.

By comparing species records, we observed that certain traits, including body size, body shape, saltwater tolerance and habitat preference, influenced eDNA detection. In addition, the proportion of species detected decreased significantly with an increase in lake surface area owing to ecosystem size effect on species detection.

We conclude that species traits, including habitat preference, body size and ecosystem size, should be considered when assessing the eDNA metabarcoding performance in broad‐scale monitoring.
Stroke and its correlates among patients on maintenance hemodialysis in Cameroon
Authors: Teuwafeu Denis Georges , Halle Marie Patrice , Kenfack Nadine Aurore , Nkouonlack Cyrille Duquesne , Fouda Hermine , Nkoke Clovis , Mapoure Njankouo Yacouba
Published: June 2023

Background

End‐stage kidney disease is an independent risk factor for stroke; however, the relationship between hemodialysis and stroke in Sub‐Saharan Africa has not been established.

Objective

To evaluate the incidence, associated factors, and clinical outcome of stroke among patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in Cameroon.

Methods

A hospital‐based retrospective study using data from the medical files of 1060 patients on maintenance hemodialysis (given twice a week) was conducted. Patients with stroke prior to starting hemodialysis were excluded. Socio‐demographic data, comorbidities, dialysis parameters, and data concerning the diagnosis of stroke were retrieved and analyzed.

Results

The dialysis vintage (duration of time on dialysis) averaged 11.4 ± 9.2 months. The incidence of stroke was 6.1 events per 1000 patient‐years, with hemorrhagic stroke being most common (66%). Eighty percent of strokes occurred before the 30th month of dialysis. Sixty percent of strokes occurred within 24 h of a dialysis session. Predictive factors for stroke were diabetes mellitus (p = 0.026), heart failure (p = 0.045), poor dialysis compliance (p = 0.001), and short vintage (p = 0.001). The overall mortality rate was 52% and was higher for hemorrhagic stroke (60%). The leading causes of death were multiple organ failure and sepsis.

Conclusion

The incidence of stroke is high among hemodialysis patients in Cameroon and hemorrhagic stroke is the commonest type. Diabetes and heart failure triple the risk of stroke. Mortality in patients who suffered a stroke was high.
Competing policies within the sending state: Labour export and the provision of primary healthcare in the Philippines
Authors: Macabasag Romeo Luis A. , Ortiga Yasmin Y.
Published: June 2023

In framing nations as places that either send or receive migrants, there is a danger in defining migrant‐sending nations as monolithic entities driven by a single mandate of exporting labour to a global economy. Using the concept of viscosity, we argue that sending states comprise multiple state agencies with varying interests, which can either impede, slow, or facilitate labour emigration. We demonstrate our argument by examining the Philippines' nurse retention policies against the backdrop of the country's labour export policies. While these retention policies led to an influx of Filipino nurses to rural health centres, these nurses considered such mobility a means to wait out the lack of opportunities for nurses overseas. Thus, inadvertently serving the interests of the Philippines' labour‐exporting regime. We argue that a nuanced view of sending states advances our understanding of how migrant‐sending nations balance emigration policies with other government interests beyond labour export.
Noninvasive predictive models based on lifestyle analysis and risk factors for early‐onset colorectal cancer
Authors: Deng Jia‐Wen , Zhou Yi‐Lu , Dai Wei‐Xing , Chen Hui‐Min , Zhou Cheng‐Bei , Zhu Chun‐Qi , Ma Xin‐Yue , Pan Si‐Yuan , Cui Yun , Xu Jia , Zhao En‐Hao , Wang Ming , Chen Jin‐Xian , Wang Zheng , Liu Qiang , Wang Ji‐Lin , Cai Guo‐Xiang , Chen Ying‐Xuan , Fang Jing‐Yuan
Published: June 2023

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence has increased among patients aged <50 years. Exploring high‐risk factors and screening high‐risk populations may help lower early‐onset CRC (EO‐CRC) incidence. We developed noninvasive predictive models for EO‐CRC and investigated its risk factors.

Methods

This retrospective multicenter study collected information on 1756 patients (811 patients with EO‐CRC and 945 healthy controls) from two medical centers in China. Sociodemographic features, clinical symptoms, medical and family history, lifestyle, and dietary factors were measured. Patients from one cohort were randomly assigned (8:2) to two groups for model establishment and internal validation, and another independent cohort was used for external validation. Multivariable logistic regression, random forest, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) were performed to establish noninvasive predictive models for EO‐CRC. Some variables in the model influenced EO‐CRC occurrence and were further analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression analysis yielded adjusted odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

All three models showed good performance, with areas under the receiver operator characteristic curves (AUCs) of 0.82, 0.84, and 0.82 in the internal and 0.78, 0.79, and 0.78 in the external validation cohorts, respectively. Consumption of sweet (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.89–3.86, P < 0.001) and fried (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.29–3.62, P < 0.001) foods ≥3 times per week was significantly associated with EO‐CRC occurrence.

Conclusion

We established noninvasive predictive models for EO‐CRC and identified multiple nongenetic risk factors, especially sweet and fried foods. The model has good performance and can help predict the occurrence of EO‐CRC in the Chinese population.
Thirty years of academic finance
Authors: Ardia David , Bluteau Keven , Meghani Mohammad‐Abbas
Published: June 2023

We study how the financial literature has evolved in scale, research team composition, and article topicality across finance‐focused academic journals from 1992 to 2021. We document that the field has vastly expanded regarding outlets and published articles. Teams have become larger, and the proportion of women participating in research has increased significantly. Using the Structural Topic Model, we identify 45 topics discussed in the literature. We investigate the topic coverage of individual journals and can identify highly specialized and generalist outlets, but our analyses reveal that most journals have covered more topics over time, thus becoming more generalist. Finally, we find that articles with at least one woman author focus more on topics related to social and governance aspects of corporate finance. We also find that teams with at least one top‐tier institution scholar tend to focus more on theoretical aspects of finance.
Cobblestone‐like brain malformation with a new bi‐allelic ADGRG1 (GPR‐56) mutation: Fetal imaging‐pathology correlation
Authors: Izzo Giana , Toto Valentina , Faiola Stefano , Cattaneo Elisa , Cavallari Ugo , Passarini Alice , Gladin Caroline Regna , Scelsa Barbara , Parazzini Cecilia , Righini Andrea
Published: June 2023

Background and Purpose

Autosomal recessive cobblestone‐like cortical malformation of the brain, with no eye or muscle involvement, has been reported in patients with biallelic mutations in ADGRG1 (formerly GPR56) and in other brain surface defects (eg, variants in COL3A1). We reported the intra‐uterine brain MRI (iu‐MRI), post‐mortem MRI (pm‐MRI), and neuropathology findings of a new ADGRG1 mutation in a fetus at early gestation. Imaging findings were compared with those of the sibling harboring the same mutation, to provide insights about the evolving morphology of such malformation.

Methods

A 21‐week fetus underwent iu‐MRI for a suspected cortical anomaly on ultrasound. After the MRI results, the termination of the pregnancy was carried out. A pm‐MRI scan and autopsy were performed. A neuropathology‐imaging correlation was achieved. The 5‐year old sibling affected by developmental impairment also underwent a brain MRI. Both subjects underwent a genetic investigation.

Results

Two patterns of abnormality of the cerebral surface were identified on both fetal MRI: one at the vertex resembling a cobblestone‐cortex due to neuronal overmigration into the subarchnoid space and the other in the occipital areas resembling polymicrogyria. These details closely matched the neuropathology findings. MRI findings of the sibling consisted of typical ADGRG1/GPR56‐related brain findings showing a polymicrogyric‐like cortex, also reported as bilateral frontal‐parietal polymicrogyria. A flattened pons and small cerebellar vermis were present in both cases.

Genetic testing demonstrated a novel homozygous variant c.1484T>C in the c gene in both cases.

Conclusion

Our findings provide further evidence of the overlap of ADGRG1/GPR56‐related brain dysgenesis with cobblestone‐like cortical malformation of the brain.
“DNAsignaturing” database construction forTetradesmusspecies identification and phylogenetic relationships ofScenedesmus‐like green microalgae (Scenedesmaceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Mai Xuan Cuong , Shen Chia‐Rui , Liu Chao‐Lin , Trinh Dang Mau , Nguyen Minh Ly
Published: June 2023

Species identification ofScenedesmus‐like microalgae, comprisingDesmodesmus,Tetradesmus, andScenedesmus, has been challenging due to their high morphological and genetic similarity. After developing a DNA signaturing tool forDesmodesmusidentification, we built a DNA signaturing database forTetradesmus. The DNA signaturing tool contained species‐specific nucleotide sequences ofTetradesmusspecies or strain groups with high similarity in ITS2 sequences. To construct DNA signaturing, we collected data on ITS2 sequences, aligned the sequences, organized the data by ITS2 sequence homology, and determined signature sequences according to hemi‐compensatory base changes (hCBC)/CBC data from previous studies. FourTetradesmusspecies and 11 strain groups had DNA signatures. The signature sequence of the genusTetradesmus, TTA GAG GCT TAA GCA AGG ACCC, recognized 86% (157/183) of the collectedTetradesmusstrains. Phylogenetic analysis ofScenedesmus‐like species revealed that theTetradesmusspecies were monophyletic and closely related to each other based on branch lengths.Desmodesmuswas suggested to split into two subgenera due to their genetic and morphological distinction.Scenedesmusmust be analyzed along with other genera of the Scenedesmaceae family to determine their genetic relationships. Importantly, DNA signaturing was integrated into a database for identifyingScenedesmus‐like species through BLAST.
Adaptive cellular evolution or cellular system drift in hares
Authors: Palsson Arnar , Steele Sarah Elizabeth
Published: June 2023

Adaptations occur at many levels, for example, from DNA sequence of regulatory elements and cellular homeostatic systems to organismal physiology and behaviour (Mayr, 1997). Established adaptations are maintained by purifying and stabilizing selection. Students of animal diversity tend to focus on higher order traits, anatomy, physiology, organismal function and interactions. The core cellular and metabolic systems of metazoans evolved early in their history and are assumed to be rather similar between groups. The housekeeping functions and core metabolic functions of cells are generally considered relatively static, especially among closely related species. The extent to which evolution shapes core cellular metabolism and physiology in animals is largely unexplored. Ecological opportunities or strong positive selection can alter basal metabolic rate, activity levels and life‐history traits (e.g., life span, age of maturity, offspring number) and potentially lead to divergence in core cellular and metabolic trait systems (Norin & Metcalfe, 2019; Speakman, 2005). Furthermore, systems under stabilizing selection can also change. Developmental systems of related species may produce the same phenotype or structure, but experience drift that can alter connections and even lead to turnover of cogs in the system (True & Haag, 2001). Are the cellular functions of animals highly constrained, subject to cellular system drift or affected by positive selection? This was tackled by a new study by Kateryna Gaertner and colleagues in a From the Cover manuscript in this issue of Molecular Ecology (Gaertner et al., 2022), using fibroblasts from the closely related but ecologically distinct brown and mountain hares.
Full‐length transcriptome sequencing and transgenic tobacco revealed the key genes in the chlorogenic acid synthesis pathway of Sambucus chinensis L.
Authors: Chen Min , Xiao Mu , Liu Boyu , Wang Man , Tan Chengfang , Zhang Yi , Quan Hui , Ruan Ying , Huang Yong
Published: June 2023

Chlorogenic acid is a key chemical in antioxidation and antisepsis. Sambucus chinensis L. is an herbaceous plant rich in chlorogenic acid and a potential genetic resource for breeding high‐chlorogenic acid plants. However, there are few studies on the synthesis pathway of chlorogenic acid in S. chinensis. Our study found chlorogenic acid accumulation in S. chinensis to be organ‐specific, higher in leaves and buds but lower in roots, stems and fruits. A total number of 546,844 CCS (circular consensus sequence), including 402,767 full‐length nonchimeric (FLNC) and 39 annotated sequences related to the synthesis of chlorogenic acid, was obtained by single‐molecule real‐time sequencing technology (SMRT). qRT‐PCR showed that a number of key genes involved in chlorogenic acid synthesis were differentially expressed in various tissues of S. chinensis. Transgenic tobacco revealed that ectopic expression of the HCT homologous gene HCT‐45178 increased the content of chlorogenic acid. Our results should be the first report of full‐length transcriptome data of S. chinensis, which help to understand the basis of chlorogenic acid synthesis and provide a novel strategy for breeding tobacco cultivars with higher levels of chlorogenic acid.
Alt‐right gangs and far‐right extremists: From the margins to the mainstream
Authors: Valasik Matthew , Reid Shannon E.
Published: June 2023

The continued public presence of far‐right groups, particularly alt‐right gangs (e.g., Proud Boys) participating in mass demonstrations and protests across the United States has made it clear that these groups and their behavior remain a concern. The overall lack of knowledge among policy makers, law enforcement, and community residents on how to deal with alt‐right gang members has limited their ability to intervene and prevent violence. The misconception that alt‐right gangs are domestic terrorist organizations, primarily driven by racist ideology, ignores just how unrefined and rudimentary the beliefs that connect members together actually are. The reliance on ideology has limited the inclusion of alt‐right gangs in conventional gang studies and has directly impacted gang scholars' ability to understand group dynamics among these far‐right gangs. This has in turned skewed also how law enforcement is trained to identify and deal with alt‐right gangs. This manuscript overviews the need to rectify the historical apathy of traditional gang scholars and law enforcement in dealing with far‐right/alt‐right gangs. We conclude with a discussion on how the mainstreaming of alt‐right groups over the last few years has accelerated and the growing need to explicitly treat these groups as street gangs.
Identification of the novel HLA‐DQA1*05:75 allele by next‐generation sequencing in a Korean cord blood donor
Authors: Lee Hye Ryun , Kim Yumi , Shin Sue , Kim Nam‐Hee , Roh Eun Youn
Published: June 2023

HLA‐DQA1*05:75 differs from DQA1*05:05:01:01 by a single substitution at nucleotide 701 (G/A) in exon 4.
TOWARDS CURBING CYBER-BULLYING IN MALAYSIA BY AUTHOR IDENTIFICATION OF IBAN AND KADAZANDUSUN OSN TEXT USING DEEP LEARNING
Authors: Tarmizi Nursyahirah , Saee Suhaila , Abang Ibrahim Dayang Hanani
Published: June 2023

Online Social Network (OSN) is frequently used to carry out cyber-criminal actions such as cyberbullying. As a developing country in Asia that keeps abreast of ICT advancement, Malaysia is no exception when it comes to cyberbullying. Author Identification (AI) task plays a vital role in social media forensic investigation (SMF) to unveil the genuine identity of the offender by analysing the text written in OSN by the candidate culprits. Several challenges in AI dealing with OSN text, including limited text length and informal language full of internet jargon and grammatical errors that further impact AI's performance in SMF. The traditional AI system that analyses long text documents seems inadequate to analyse short OSN text's writing style. N-gram features are proven to efficiently represent the authors' writing style for shot text. However, representing N-grams in traditional representation like Tf-IDF resulted in sparse and difficult in grasping the semantic information from text. Besides, most AI works have been done in English but receive less attention in indigenous languages. In West Malaysia, the supreme languages that transcend ethnic boundaries are Iban of Sarawak and KadazanDusun of Sabah, which both are inherently under-resourced. This paper presented a proposed workflow of AI for short OSN text using two Under-Resourced Language (U-RL), Iban and KadazanDusun tweets, to curb the cyberbullying issue in Malaysia. This paper compares Tf-Idf (sparse) and SoA embedding-based (dense) feature representations to observe which representations best represent the stylistic features of the authors’ writing. N-grams of word, character, and POS were extracted as the features. The representation models were learned by different classifiers using machine learning (Naïve Bayes, Random Forest, and SVM). The convolutional neural network (CNN), a SoA deep learning model in sentence classification, was tested against the traditional classifiers. The result was observed by combining different representation models and classifiers on three datasets (English, Iban, and KadazanDusun). The best result was achieved when CNN learned embedding-based models with a combination of all features. KadazanDusun achieved the highest accuracy with 95.76%, English with 95.02%, and Iban with 94%..
Transversals in quasirandom latin squares
Authors: Eberhard Sean , Manners Freddie , Mrazović Rudi
Published: June 2023

A transversal in an latin square is a collection of entries not repeating any row, column, or symbol. Kwan showed that almost every latin square has transversals as . Using a loose variant of the circle method we sharpen this to . Our method works for all latin squares satisfying a certain quasirandomness condition, which includes both random latin squares with high probability as well as multiplication tables of quasirandom groups.
De prótesis afectivas y otras (con) figuraciones: cuerpos, subjetividades y afectividad en la era del celular
Authors: Palomino Forero Jorge Alberto
Published: June 2023

En este libro se hace un recorrido por las experiencias de quienes usan celulares a través de un ejercicio etnográfico y se estudian los modos en los que se experimentan las emociones, los sentimientos y los afectos a través del celular, en lo que el autor ha llamado estructura disipativa del sentire. Además, se revisan, en clave intergeneracional, los modos en que se configuran las relaciones de pareja, familia y amistad gracias a la mediación tecnológica, y se examina la forma en que la comprensión de la corporalidad ha cambiado a partir de la producción de imágenes como selfies y nudes.
Lineage-specific accelerated sequences underlying primate evolution
Authors: Bi Xupeng , Zhou Long , Zhang Jin-Jin , Feng Shaohong , Hu Mei , Cooper David N. , Lin Jiangwei , Li Jiali , Wu Dong-Dong , Zhang Guojie
Published: June 2023

Understanding the mechanisms underlying phenotypic innovation is a key goal of comparative genomic studies. Here, we investigated the evolutionary landscape of lineage-specific accelerated regions (LinARs) across 49 primate species. Genomic comparison with dense taxa sampling of primate species significantly improved LinAR detection accuracy and revealed many novel human LinARs associated with brain development or disease. Our study also yielded detailed maps of LinARs in other primate lineages that may have influenced lineage-specific phenotypic innovation and adaptation. Functional experimentation identified gibbon LinARs, which could have participated in the developmental regulation of their unique limb structures, whereas some LinARs in the Colobinae were associated with metabolite detoxification which may have been adaptive in relation to their leaf-eating diet. Overall, our study broadens knowledge of the functional roles of LinARs in primate evolution.
Rhythmic cilia changes support SCN neuron coherence in circadian clock
Authors: Tu Hai-Qing , Li Sen , Xu Yu-Ling , Zhang Yu-Cheng , Li Pei-Yao , Liang Li-Yun , Song Guang-Ping , Jian Xiao-Xiao , Wu Min , Song Zeng-Qing , Li Ting-Ting , Hu Huai-Bin , Yuan Jin-Feng , Shen Xiao-Lin , Li Jia-Ning , Han Qiu-Ying , Wang Kai , Zhang Tao , Zhou Tao , Li Ai-Ling , Zhang Xue-Min , Li Hui-Yan
Published: June 2023

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) drives circadian clock coherence through intercellular coupling, which is resistant to environmental perturbations. We report that primary cilia are required for intercellular coupling among SCN neurons to maintain the robustness of the internal clock in mice. Cilia in neuromedin S–producing (NMS) neurons exhibit pronounced circadian rhythmicity in abundance and length. Genetic ablation of ciliogenesis in NMS neurons enabled a rapid phase shift of the internal clock under jet-lag conditions. The circadian rhythms of individual neurons in cilia-deficient SCN slices lost their coherence after external perturbations. Rhythmic cilia changes drive oscillations of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling and clock gene expression. Inactivation of Shh signaling in NMS neurons phenocopied the effects of cilia ablation. Thus, cilia-Shh signaling in the SCN aids intercellular coupling.
Pervasive incomplete lineage sorting illuminates speciation and selection in primates
Authors: Rivas-González Iker , Rousselle Marjolaine , Li Fang , Zhou Long , Dutheil Julien Y. , Munch Kasper , Shao Yong , Wu Dongdong , Schierup Mikkel H. , Zhang Guojie
Published: June 2023

Incomplete lineage sorting (ILS) causes the phylogeny of some parts of the genome to differ from the species tree. In this work, we investigate the frequencies and determinants of ILS in 29 major ancestral nodes across the entire primate phylogeny. We find up to 64% of the genome affected by ILS at individual nodes. We exploit ILS to reconstruct speciation times and ancestral population sizes. Estimated speciation times are much more recent than genomic divergence times and are in good agreement with the fossil record. We show extensive variation of ILS along the genome, mainly driven by recombination but also by the distance to genes, highlighting a major impact of selection on variation along the genome. In many nodes, ILS is reduced more on the X chromosome compared with autosomes than expected under neutrality, which suggests higher impacts of natural selection on the X chromosome. Finally, we show an excess of ILS in genes with immune functions and a deficit of ILS in housekeeping genes. The extensive ILS in primates discovered in this study provides insights into the speciation times, ancestral population sizes, and patterns of natural selection that shape primate evolution.
Superconducting vortices carrying a temperature-dependent fraction of the flux quantum
Authors: Iguchi Yusuke , Shi Ruby A. , Kihou Kunihiro , Lee Chul-Ho , Barkman Mats , Benfenati Andrea L. , Grinenko Vadim , Babaev Egor , Moler Kathryn A.
Published: June 2023

Magnetic field penetrates type-II bulk superconductors by forming quantum vortices that enclose a magnetic flux equal to the magnetic flux quantum. The flux quantum is a universal quantity that depends only on fundamental constants. In this study, we investigated isolated vortices in the hole-overdoped Ba
1−

x

K

x

Fe
2
As
2
(
x
= 0.77) by using scanning superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. In many locations, we observed objects that carried only part of a flux quantum, with a magnitude that varied continuously with temperature. We demonstrated mobility and manipulability of these objects and interpreted them as quantum vortices with nonuniversally quantized (fractional) magnetic flux whose magnitude is determined by the temperature-dependent parameters of a multicomponent superconductor.