bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Upper Givetian (Middle Devonian) Subterminus Conodont Zone in North America, Europe and North Africa
Authors: Narkiewicz Katarzyna , Bultynck Pierre
Published: August 2016

Late Givetian and early Frasnian conodont communities with Icriodus subterminus have been revised on the basis of collections from Iowa (USA), the Boulonnais and the Ardennes (northern France and Belgium), the Radom-Lublin area and Holy Cross Mountains (Poland), and the Ma'der-Tafilalt region (southeast Morocco). As a result an Icriodus subterminus Zone with a threefold subdivision is defined. The three subzones correspond approximately to the “Lower and Upper subterminus Fauna” and the “insita Fauna” commonly used in N America for the study of shallow-water platform carbonate successions.

The base of the subterminus Zone corresponds to a level within the uppermost part of the hermanni Zone; the top is characterized by the occurrence of the earliest Ancyrodella taxa, Montagne Noire Zones MN 1 and the base of MN 2 or slightly above the base of the falsiovalis Zone.

The diagnosis of Icriodus subterminus is amended and two morphotypes are recognized. The stratigraphic range of the alpha morphotype is confined to an interval between the uppermost part of the hermanni Zone and the top of the MN 3 Zone; the beta morphotype may range into the MN 6 Zone.

The holotype of Icriodus subterminus from the North Liberty beds in Iowa is most likely a specimen that was reworked from the Cedar Valley Limestone. Icriodus cedarensis and Icriodus tafilaltensis are described as new species, and the diagnoses of Icriodus excavatus and Icriodus expansus are amended. Between the Icriodus difficilis and Icriodus symmetricus zones, an Icriodus expansus Zone is defined.
Art. II.—Remarks on the School System of the Hindús
Authors: Harkness Henry
Published: August 2016

The following remarks refer more particularly to the Southern Peninsula of India; but they may perhaps be considered to apply equally, with regard to her ancient institutions of this nature, to India in general; as the Southern Peninsula has undergone, comparatively, but little change from foreign conquest and domination.
Art. V.—Description of Ancient Chinese Vases; with Inscriptions illustrative of the History of the Shang Dynasty of Chinese Sovereigns, who reigned from about 1756 to 1112 B.C. Translated from the Original Work, entitled Pŏ-koo-too
Authors: Thoms Peter Perring
Published: August 2016

The accompanying illustrations, with their descriptions, have been taken from an ancient Chinese work, entitled, Pŏ-koo-too, which extends to sixteen large Chinese volumes, and contains several hundred plates of sacred vases, jugs, bottles, &c., &c., of the Shang, Chow, and Han dynasties, comprehending about 1784 years. The compilers of this work were doubtless at considerable trouble and expense; for they state that they examined most of the vases, &c., themselves, and that such as did not come under their notice were copied from works of unquestionable authority.
Art. VI. —A Statistical and Geological Memoir of the Country from Punah to Kittor, South of the Krishna River
Authors: Bird James
Published: August 2016

Some hasty observations, collected during a rapid march that I made in 1824, between Punah and Kittor, gave rise to this memoir, which, though brief and imperfect, may not altogether be devoid of interest, since the geology and statistics of few countries are less known than those of India. Connected as this portion of the globe now is with the political and commercial prosperity of Great Britain, the resources of the country, the mineral treasures of its rocks, the capabilities and productions of its soil, the condition of the inhabitants, and their prospect and means of attaining a higher scale of civilisation, deserve the attention of the legislator, merchant, philanthropist, and man of science. Its statistics and geology are yet desiderata: and though the portion of information here communicated be but a speck on the ocean that lies before us, it will perhaps contribute something towards a clearer view and more accurate chart of the whole, which may be brought, I hope, to perfection in the course of time.
Art. VIII.—Description of Ancient Chinese Vases; with Inscriptions illustrative of the History of the Shang Dynasty of Chinese Sovereigns, who reigned from about 1756 to 1112 b.c.
Authors: Thoms Peter Perring
Published: August 2016

This vessel measured, in height, five Chinese inches and seven-tenths; its containing depth, four inches and five-tenths; its circumference, at the top, seven inches and two-tenths. It weighed five Chinese pounds and fourteen ounces. It had two handles, or ears, as the Chinese term them, for ornament. This vessel is considered very plain, but was used for sacred purposes. The handle is said to be formed of the head of an animal known for its greedy appetite: hence its admonitory design. The vessel had no inscription.
Art. XI. —Account of the Sabda Kalpa Druma; a Sanskrit Encyclopœdical Lexicon, published in Calcutta
Authors: Lenz R.
Published: August 2016

Three volumes of this valuable work, comprising each nearly 1000 pages in large 4to, are now in the library of the Royal Asiatic Society, presented to it by the learned author. This portion perfectly justifies the high character which Professor Wilson gave the work in the first edition of his Dictionary in 1819; anticipating only from a few sheets, then printed, how inestimable a store of authentic information on a variety of subjects connected with Sanskrit literature, would be laid open by this admirable undertaking, the extensiveness of which did not, however, admit a hope of its speedy accomplishment. Rádhákanta's work is very distinctly and, generally speaking, accurately printed in the Bengal character; and derives, certainly, not the least part of its superior character to the generality of Indian printings, from being alphabetically arranged in the European method. A great part of its articles have, indeed, become comparatively of inferior importance since the appearance of the second edition of Mr. Wilson's Dictionary, where every additional information, supplied by the learned Hindú on the different meanings of words, has, of course, been carefully reproduced by the celebrated lexicographer, who was then already in possession of the three volumes before us, excepting a few sheets at the end of the last.
Art. II.—History of Tennasserim
Authors: Low James
Published: August 2016

The Tennasserim coast affords several valuable products; yet its advantages in this respect are, to a certain extent, counterbalanced by a paucity of inhabitants, a want for which no natural fertility of soil or happiness of situation can compensate.
Art. XI, — On the Introduction of Trial by Jury in the Hon. East India Company's Courts of Law
Authors: Ráz Rám
Published: August 2016

[It will be of use to the future historian of British India, to know the precise periods at which the British government granted to the natives of the Island of Ceylon, and of the different parts of India, those rights which are alike calculated to elevate both their moral and their political character; and, also, to be enabled to refer to the opinions which were entertained at the time upon the subject, by the people of the country. One of the most important of these rights was that of sitting upon juries, and of being tried by juries of their own countrymen. It is, therefore, thought advisable to record the period, and to give some account of the circumstances under which the British government granted this right to the natives of the Island of Ceylon, and to the natives of the different parts of India; and, also, to give a copy of a paper written to Mr. GræMe, the late Governor of Madras, by Rám Ráz, who was native Chief Judge of the Mysore country, and one of the most enlightened of the Hindú inhabitants of the peninsula of India.
Art. XIII. —Remarks on the Yih-She, a Historical Work of the Chinese, in Fifty Volumes
Authors: Canton C. Gutzlaff
Published: August 2016

Though the Chinese never instituted Olympic games, at which their orators, poets, and historians, might challenge competitors and receive the applause of the nation — though they never knew that liberty, which, while disenthralling the human, mind, extends the sphere of thought and research,—they only want orators, in order to equal the most celebrated nation of the west, not in classical productions, but in prolific and elaborate volumes.
Art. XVI.—Land Tenures of Dukhun (Deccan)
Authors: Sykes William H.
Published: August 2016

In fulfilment of the expectation promulgated in the Fourth Number of our Quarterly Journal, I do myself the honour to submit to the Society the conclusion of my notices of Land Tenures in Dukhun, embracing the holding of that important functionary, the Pateel (usually called Potail), or headman of towns and villages. This office, together with the village accountants, are, no doubt, co-eval with those of the Deshmook and Deshpandeh, already described.
Translation of an Inscription on three Copper Plates found near Bhandúp Village in Salsette
Authors: Wathen W. H.
Published: August 2016

1. May that Gananáyaka, by whose worship sovereigns obtain victory and renown in every enterprise! May that destroyer of what is evil, preserve you from calamities!!

2. May that Siva on whose head Jáhnaví shines, as the silver moon on the summit of the golden Meru, protect you!!

1. There was a son of Jimútakétu, most renowned in the three worlds, the ever compassionate Jimúta-Váhana, who, for another's good, considered his own body as grass, and saved Sankhachúra from Garuda.
Art. X. On the first Translation of the Gospels into Arabic
Authors: Purgstall Hammer
Published: August 2016

Within the last sixteen years, the presses of Tahrán and Cairo have sent forth four works on the biography of Muhammed, which contain a mass of new facts hitherto unknown to all European biographers of the Prophet, and which furnish ample materials for a more characteristic biography than those of Gagnier, Boulainvilliers, Turpin, Savary, Mill, Bush, and the Encyclopedias. Of the four above-named works, the first was published at Tahrán; it forms the second volume of the Haiwat al Kulúb (life of the hearts), 450 leaves in folio, by Muhammed Báter. Three years after its publication appeared at Cairo, the Turkish biography of the Prophet, by Waisí —and three years later the continuation of it by Nábí who rank both amongst the first writers of the Ottomans.
Art. XIV.—Notes on the Thags
Authors: Reynolds
Published: August 2016

The Paper on the T'hags was drawn up in 1832, from the personal observations of Lieutenant Reynolds, who had been for a considerable time (nearly two years I believe) employed by the Resident at Hyderabad, as a sort of Agent among that extraordinary people. His principal and public object was to gain information as to the extent and scenes of their depredations, by admitting and taking down the testimony of such among them as were willing to become approvers; so that ultimate steps might be taken to put down the systematic practice of such horrid atrocity. In this he succeeded so well, that whilst I was at Hyderabad in 1833, a body of, I think, nearly three hundred of them were brought in as prisoners, were tried by the Resident, under a special commission for that purpose, and were punished by hard labour on the roads, to which, I believe, the awarded sentence of death was commuted.
Art. XVII.—Analysis and Specimens of a Persian Work on Mathematics and Astronomy
Authors: Tytler John
Published: August 2016

A short time before my leaving Calcutta, a Maulavi, by name Gholaum Hosain, was introduced to me under the character of a great mathematician and astronomer. I found he was in the service of Mirza Khán Bahádur, the Mohammedan son of Mitrajít Singh, the well-known Mahá Rájá, of Takari, in Bahar. The Maulavi stated, that he had devoted himself to the study of mathematics and astronomy, not only as far as they are contained in the Arabian and Brahminical writings, but also as far as he could gain from the interpretation of European books, as given him by European friends, he himself being ignorant of English; that he had, under the patronage of Khán Bahádur, compiled a system of these sciences from all these sources, and that his patron had supplied him with a sum of money to publish this book at one of the lithographic presses of Calcutta. This was the purport of his present errand down the country, and he had already got about 100 pages carried through the press. His object in applying to me was to obtain a recommendation of his work to the Government Education Committee. He produced his MS., but it was much too long to examine minutely in the short time I had to remain in Calcutta, and in my then harassed state of mind and body. I saw enough, however, to convince me that it was a work of very considerable merit and information, compared with the author's opportunities. It commenced with the elements of geometry and arithmetic as known to the Hindús, and thence went on.In the course of the work are explained, the European methods of decimal fractions, logarithms, and trigonometrical tables. The author then gives a system of astronomy, first according to the Brahmins, then according to Ptolemy, and then according to Copernicus, together with an account of astronomical instruments, and the mode of calculating astronomical tables and almanacs. The whole MS., as will appear from the author's own computation, comprehends 900 closely-written quarto pages.
Art. XXIV.—Illustrations of the Languages called Zand and Pahlaví
Authors: Romer John
Published: August 2016

A paper has been entrusted to me for communication to the Society by one of its members, Mr. Romer, which offers some valuable contributions towards the determination of a question of considerable difficulty and great literary importance,—the authenticity of the Zand and Pahlaví languages, as they appear in the religious writings of the Parsis. A very wide and irreconcileable difference of opinion has prevailed, and continues to prevail, with regard to the genuine or fictitious character of these dialects, and every thing which tends to establish either beyond the possibility of controversy, cannot fail to be interesting to the Society and the public.
Art. IX.—History of Tennasserim
Authors: Low James
Published: August 2016

This coast having but lately been brought under subjection to the British arms, had not as yet been travelled over by any British officer, and it remained to be proved how far the inhabitants could be confided in, either in the capacity of servants, or as guides and porters on a march.

The Tavoyers have no inducement to make long journeys. The Siam frontier is to them a Rubicon,—while they can reach the towns and villages on the north and south, much easier by water than by land. There are no carriage-cattle on this coast, like the bullocks of India. A few slight carts drawn by buffalos, one only to a cart, are used for short excursions when the roads admit of their being made, or the fields are dry enough to be crossed. Their roads are, however so very bad, that perhaps five miles may be reckoned the greatest distance in a straight line in any one given direction, and from any point, to which one of these vehicles can proceed without encoutering broken-down bridges, gaps in old causeways, sloughs, and rocks.
The Yuruks
Authors: Hoppe Ernst Max
Published: August 2016

Besides the Osmanli Turks dispersed in North and South Bulgaria and the Pomaks or Bulgar Mohammedans of the Ehodope Mountains, there are the less known Yuruks, an interesting shepherd race. Traces of them are found in the Rhodope Mountains, where for centuries they were neighbours of the Karakachans or Aromunian nomad shepherds. The place-names Village-of-Yuruks and Tomb-of-Yuruks occur frequently here.
A Sumerian Representation of an Indian Stand
Authors: Mackay Ernest
Published: August 2016

In the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society for 1930 Professor Langdon illustrates (Pl. IX, Fig. 4) a curious pottery stand found at Hursagkalamma, Kish. This, he states, is only found below the flood stratum down to waterlevel, i.e. prior to 3,200 B.C., according to his dating; and it may possibly be the niḳnaḳḳu of Babylonian ritual which was in common use, according to the texts, right down to the Persian Period. During my work at Kish I found a similar stand—now in the Field Museum, Chicago—in the same area of the site. These stands which average 2½ feet in height are shaped rather like an hour-glass, and are open throughout at the topand base. Moreover, they are ornamented with triangular incisions which sometimes pierce the side entirely, sometimes only partially so.
Some Unknown Ismā'īlī Authors and their Works
Authors: Al-Hamdānī Ḥusain F.
Published: August 2016

When Griffini published an account of the latest acquisition of a “collection of South-Arabian MSS.” by the Ambrosian Library, Milan, the distinguished orientalist, Ignaz Goldziher, to whom oriental scholarship is indebted for his able researches on the doctrines and history of the Isma'īlīs, welcomed the news, for most of the information on the subject of the Ismā'īlīs he and his forerunners were able to communicate to us was derived either from inadequate sources or from the anti-Ismā'īlī polemical literature. Similarly, Professor Louis Massignon expressed the hope that modern scholars would throw further light on the history of the Ismā'īlīs and their doctrine by study of this literature.
Early Aramaic Dialects and the Book of Daniel
Authors: Rowley H. H.
Published: August 2016

Nearly six years ago, G. E. Driver published a paper in theJournal of Biblical Literature, in which he examined some of the arguments dealing with the Aramaic of the Book of Daniel, which had been presented by Charles Boutflower in his workIn and Around the Booh of Daniel. Three years later, in the course of an examination of the relation of Biblical Aramaic to other early Aramaic dialects, I took the opportunity of replying to a number of inaccurate or misleading statements and untenable hypotheses on the subject of the Aramaic of Daniel which appeared in the writings of certam defenders of the traditional date and place of origin of that book, including Boutflower. A rejoinder has now appeared from Boutflower's pen, dealing with a limited area of the field, in the form of a brief monograph, published under the title,Dadda-'idri, or The Aramaic of the Booh of Daniel. In this little book Boutflower replies to Driver and myself, and presents what he feels to be new light on the subject. A superficial reading might leave the impression that there was some ground for his theory, but a little examination reveals such omissions and assumptions and such misuse of evidence as to vitiate the argument. Indeed, the real issue is that of the validity of the evidence we possess, for fundamentally Boutflower seeks to set aside the evidence that has survived in favour of the evidence he assumes to have perished.
Art. XIV.—History of Tennasserim
Authors: Low James
Published: August 2016

The following abstract is taken from Captain Low's history of the provinces wrested from the Burmese during the late war, which, through his friend in this country, was presented to the Royal Asiatic Society. Several portions of it have already been read at the general meetings of the society, and it is intended to continue to give abstracts from it in the successive numbers of this journal, in the confident hope that the British public will speedily call for the entire publication of a work containing the most authentic information respecting a country, our relations with which are daily increasing in value and importance.
A Mandæan Bibliography
Authors: Drower E. S.
Published: August 2016

The collection of Mandæan religious texts known as the Ginza Rba (Rabba) or Sidra d Adam (The Great Treasure, Book of Adam) was not the first Mandæan book to reach Europe, but was the first to be translated. It was transliterated into Syriac and translated into Latin by Dr. Matthew Norberg (1815–16). In 1925, using the German Dr. Petermann's facsimile of the text (published in 1867) for reference, and with access to various copies of the sacred codex in European libraries, Mark Lidzbarski produced a fine and scholarly translation (Göttingen; Vandenhoeck and Rupprecht, 1925). It had been preceded by his translations of the Draša d Ydhia (Das Johannesbuch der Mandäer: Töpelmann, 1915) and a selection from the 'niania (Mandäische Liturgien: Berlin, 1920), both with transliterations in Hebrew script.
Analecta Indoscythica I
Authors: Bailey H. W.
Published: August 2016

With advancing knowledge of the Iranian language of the Sakas of Khotan, it has proved possible to establish the connections of several words hitherto misunderstood and to separate some words which have been confused.
The effects of oil palm plantations on the functional diversity of Amazonian birds
Authors: Almeida Sara M. , Silva Larissa C. , Cardoso Maíra R. , Cerqueira Pablo V. , Juen Leandro , Santos Marcos P. D.
Published: August 2016

Oil palm plantations are rapidly expanding in tropical areas, although the nature of the impacts on the functional roles of the different species in the ecosystem is poorly understood. The present study is the first assessment of how oil palm affects the functional diversity of birds in the Brazilian Amazon and tests the hypothesis that converting forest to oil palm decreases functional diversity of bird communities, selecting species more tolerant to environmental disturbances. We conducted point counts to survey bird communities in 16 plots in the eastern Amazon. We sampled 32 points in riparian forest, 128 in oil palm and 160 in forested habitats. To test whether the conversion of forest into oil palm plantations affects functional diversity of birds we calculated the FD (Functional Diversity) and FRic (Functional Richness) indices. To examine whether oil palm plantations select species functionally more similar than expected by chance we used a null model (SES.FD). FD was significantly higher in the forest plots in comparison with riparian forests and oil palm, and lower in oil palm when compared with riparian forests. FRic, in turn, was greater in forest plots than in oil palm and in riparian forest. These results show that the conversion of forested areas to oil palm represents a great loss of functional strategies. The SES values indicate that in forested habitats bird communities tend to be functionally clustered while in the oil palm they are functionally overdispersed. The functional traits most affected by oil palm were those associated with diet and foraging stratum. In short, oil palm plantations reduced functional diversity of birds, although the presence of riparian forests within the plantations and the fragments of forest adjacent are extremely important for the maintenance of ecosystem services.
On computing homology gradients over finite fields
Authors: GRABOWSKI ŁUKASZ , SCHICK THOMAS
Published: August 2016

Recently the so-called Atiyah conjecture about l2-Betti numbers has been disproved. The counterexamples were found using a specific method of computing the spectral measure of a matrix over a complex group ring. We show that in many situations the same method allows to compute homology gradients, i.e. generalisations of l2-Betti numbers to fields of arbitrary characteristic. As an application we point out that (i) the homology gradient over any field of characteristic different than 2 can be an irrational number, and (ii) there exists a finite CW-complex with the property that the homology gradients of its universal cover taken over different fields have infinitely many different values.
CONCEPTIONS OF SELF-DETERMINATION IN FOURTH/TENTH-CENTURY MUSLIM THEOLOGY: AL-BĀQILLĀNĪ'S THEORY OF HUMAN ACTS IN ITS HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Authors: Thiele Jan
Published: August 2016

Man's individual responsibility is a very central notion in Muslim theology. Rational foundations for moral responsibility presuppose, however, that man has in some way control over his actions. It was therefore of central concern to theologians to formulate theories of action that were coherent enough to account for human self-determination. This article examines al-Bāqillānī's reflections on human acts and attempts to contextualise his thought within the discussions of his time. I will briefly review the Muʿtazilites’ theory of freedom of action, against which the Ašʿarite school developed its own position. I will then outline the fundamentals of the opposing standpoint adopted by Abū al-Ḥasan al-Ašʿarī, who proposed to base human self-determination on voluntariness. Finally, I will discuss how al-Bāqillānī drew on and further developed al-Ašʿarī's ideas. Based on the extant volumes of al-Bāqillānī's Hidāyat al-mustaršidīn, I argue that he attempts to coherently organise the school's understanding of the famous theory of “acquisition” (kasb) by affirming two fundamental principles: a) that human acts are created by God and b) that there is nevertheless a real correlation between man and his “acquired” acts.
NOTES ON “SOME NOTES ON ‘AVICENNA AMONG MEDIEVAL JEWS’ ” BY PROFESSOR STEVEN HARVEY
Authors: Zonta Mauro , Freudenthal Gad
Published: August 2016

Professor Steven Harvey has honored us with a 28-page critique of our 2012 paper, “Avicenna among medieval Jews.” In our opinion, his text is wanting in both form and substance.
Civic veterans: the public culture of military associations in inter-war Glasgow
Authors: O'KEEFFE ELEANOR K.
Published: August 2016

This article examines the public culture of military associations, and their veteran membership, in inter-war Glasgow. It follows their parades and beery reunions to consider the public meanings of such acts. That these claims to civic recognition were met by a congregation of civic elements allows us to view the inter-war creation of civic identity from a new and enlightening vantage point. But this culture also allows us to encompass the vitality, and distinctly urban character, of the memory of the Great War within inter-war society. Cities provided alternative channels for the veteran associational impulse to the British Legion, which has generally been seen as synonymous with the veterans’ movement in Britain. War memory, too, had a distinct urban form and character that needs to be acknowledged within wider literature. This is the story of the ‘civic veteran’ and the social and cultural contexts that made him.
Emergency Medical Service Providers’ Perspectives towards Management of the Morbidly Obese
Authors: Cienki John J.
Published: August 2016

Objective

Obesity is a growing epidemic in the United States with increasing burden to the health care system. Management and transport of the morbidly obese (MO) pose challenges for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) providers. Though equipment and resources are being directed to the transport of the obese, little research exists to guide these efforts. To address this, the author of this study sought to assess EMS providers’ perspectives on the challenges of caring for MO patients.

Methods

An anonymous, web-based survey was distributed to all active providers of prehospital transport of a large, urban, fire-based EMS system to evaluate the challenges of MO patients. The definition of MO was left up to the provider. This survey looked at various components of transport: lifting, transport time, airway management, establishing intravenous access, drug administration, as well as demographics, equipment, and education needs. The survey contained yes/no, rank-order, and Likert scale questions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study was approved by the University of Miami (Miami, Florida USA) Institutional Review Board.

Results

Of survey participants, 71.9% felt the average weight of their patients had increased, and 100% reported to have transported a MO patient. Of calls made to EMS, 25% were only for assistance in the house and another 25% were for non-emergent transport to a health care facility; shortness of breath was the most common emergent complaint. Of specific challenges to properly care for MO patients, 94.4 % ranked lifting and/or moving the patient highest, followed by airway management, intravenous access, and measuring vital signs. A total of 43.8% of respondents felt that MO patients require at least six to eight EMS personnel to transport patients while 31.8% felt more than eight providers were necessary. Greater than 81.3% felt it would be beneficial to receive more training and 90.4% felt more equipment was needed. Of participants, 68.8 % felt that MO patients did not receive the same standard of care.

Conclusions

Surveyed participants reported that patient’s weights are increasing with all having transported a MO patient. Despite the majority of transports being for non-emergent problems, providers felt more training would be beneficial, that equipment available does not meet needs, and that the MO pose challenges to appropriate patient care.

CienkiJJ. Emergency Medical Service providers’ perspectives towards management of the morbidly obese. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):471–474.
Innovation in Graduate Education for Health Professionals in Humanitarian Emergencies
Authors: Evans Dabney P. , Anderson Mark , Shahpar Cyrus , del Rio Carlos , Curran James W.
Published: August 2016

The objective of this report was to show how the Center for Humanitarian Emergencies (the Center) at Emory University (Atlanta, Georgia USA) has trained graduate students to respond to complex humanitarian emergencies (CHEs) through innovative educational programs, with the goal of increasing the number of trained humanitarian workers. Natural disasters are on the rise with more than twice as many occurring from 2000-2009 as there were from 1980-1989. In 2012 alone, 144 million people were affected by a natural disaster or displaced by conflict worldwide. This has created an immense need for trained humanitarian workers to respond effectively to such disasters. The Center has developed a model for educational programming that targets learners along an educational continuum ranging from the undergraduate level through continuing professional education. These programs, based in the Rollins School of Public Health (RSPH) of Emory University, include: a competency-based graduate certificate program (the Certificate) in humanitarian emergencies; a fellowship program for mid-career professionals; and funded field practica. The competency-based Certificate program began in 2010 with a cohort of 14 students. Since then, 101 students have received the Certificate with 50 more due for completion in 2016 and 2017 combined. The fellowship program for mid-career professionals has hosted four fellows from conflict-affected or resource-poor countries, who have then gone on to assume leadership positions with humanitarian organizations. From 2009-2015, the field practicum program supported 34 students in international summer practicum experiences related to emergency response or preparedness. Students have participated in summer field experiences on every continent but Australia. Together the Certificate, funded field practicum opportunities, and the fellowship comprise current efforts in providing innovative education and training for graduate and post-graduate students of public health in humanitarian response. These modest efforts are just the beginning in terms of addressing the global shortage of skilled public health professionals that can coordinate humanitarian response. Evaluating existing programs will allow for refinement of current programs. Ultimately, these programs may influence the development of new programs and inform others interested in this area.

EvansDP, AndersonM, ShahparC, del RioC, CurranJW. Innovation in graduate education for health professionals in humanitarian emergencies. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(5):532–538.
Predicting Return To Work After Workplace Injury: A Review of Current Literature
Authors: Hilton Richard
Published: August 2016

Eighty-four predictor variables were identified from thirty-four studies that researched return to work after workplace injury. The six most studied variables were then critically reviewed. The variables were age, sex, living arrangements, employment maintenance, delay to rehabilitation, and employment type. Based on the number of statistical findings, and on review of the articles, age, employment maintenance, and delay to rehabilitation demonstrated strong relationships with return to work. The variables of sex, living arrangements and employment type did not demonstrate such relationships. While this research brought together the current knowledge base the inability to quantitatively analyse previous results was a major limitation. It was recommended that ongoing research in this area ensures that analysis and publication of results provides information that would allow such secondary analysis in the future. It was also recommended that the current research focus on demographic variables be shifted to more prospective intervention based research.
Alleviating Distress Associated With Psychotic-Type Disorders With a 10-Session, Manualised Combination of CBT and ACT in New Zealand
Authors: Gillingham Ruth , Dulin Patrick L.
Published: August 2016

The present study evaluated the effectiveness of a treatment that combined techniques from cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) to alleviate the psychological distress and symptom severity resultant from psychotic-type disorders. This treatment (EVoLVE Therapy; an acronym for Exposing Virtues of Living Valued Existences) was designed to primarily target the psychological distress associated with psychosis and secondarily to facilitate improvement in psychotic-type symptoms. Participants in this study were selected based on previous diagnoses of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and other psychiatric disorders with psychotic features. Seven participants, who each had been long-term consumers of mental health services, completed 10 weeks of therapy. Postgraduate clinical psychology students, in training to become professional psychologists, delivered supervised therapy using a structured treatment manual written by the researchers. Pretreatment, posttreatment and 5-week follow-up data were collected, using a variety of measures to assess the effectiveness of treatment. Results were very encouraging, with some clients making considerable improvements at the end of therapy and at the 5-week follow-up assessment. All 7 participants showed a decrease in symptom severity after treatment. In addition, 6 out of the 7 participants reported an improved quality of life and marked improvements in both positive and negative affect were also evident.
Training in the Health of the Nation Outcome Scales: An Australasian Opportunity to Integrate Cultural Context in Mental Health Outcome Ratings
Authors: Coombs Tim , Hirini Paul
Published: August 2016

This article draws on the experience of training mental health professionals as part of the New Zealand Casemix Classification and Outcomes Study (NZ-CaOS) and outlines the training conducted in the use of the primary measure, the Health of the Nation Outcomes Scales (HoNOS). It identifies the need to extend training to consider the contexts of culturally diverse populations, and describes assessment and interpretation implications for the introduction of this measure as part of routine clinical practice in Australia and New Zealand. Training in the HoNOS provides an opportunity to support the continued development of culturally responsive assessment in Australasian clinical practice. However, these opportunities will only be realised if there is continued development of how outcome measurement tools such as the HoNOS are interpreted and rated, and continued consideration of the role that cultural context plays in the lives and presentation of mental health consumers.
Predictors of Hearing Aid Use in an Older, Community-Based, New Zealand Veteran Sample: Implications for Aural Rehabilitation
Authors: Blakey Judy , Alpass Fiona , Long Nigel , Pachana Nancy
Published: August 2016

Hearing loss is the third most prevalent chronic disability among older adults, with older adults the prime users of aural rehabilitation services. Ex-service personnel, in particular, frequently develop hearing-related disorders, and yet research on hearing aid utilisation in this group is sparse. The present study explored predictors of hearing aid use in a randomly selected sample of 1249 New Zealand veterans. Perceived benefit, performance and ease of use of aid(s) were related to increased use. Older veterans were more likely to use their aid(s) and greater overall hearing loss also increased adherence; however, inexperienced wearers were less adherent. Satisfaction with audiological service and overall satisfaction with the performance of the aid(s) was also linked to use. Health related variables were unrelated to frequency of aid use. These results highlight the need to provide ongoing support for all veterans, but in particular novice users, who become engaged in ongoing aural rehabilitation processes.
Psychosocial Profiles of Physically Injured Workers Referred for Occupational Rehabilitation
Authors: Leneham Ian M. , Marsh Nigel V.
Published: August 2016

Measures of psychosocial risk factors have been found to be effective in predicting return to work (RTW) and other occupational rehabilitation outcomes, with greater degrees of effectiveness than medical factors. Therefore, determining the psychosocial profiles of workers' compensation claimants is likely to benefit occupational rehabilitation providers in facilitating the RTW of injured workers. This study examined the psychosocial profile of 125 physically injured workers referred for occupational rehabilitation. Of these, 53 (42%) were referred for assistance to return to their preinjury employer (RTW same employer) and the remaining 72 (58%) were referred for assistance to find new employment (redeployment). Results from the total sample indicated that 76% of claimants were at risk of developing a chronic condition and over 50% reported significant symptoms of depression and stress. The RTW same employer group had a significantly lower risk of developing chronic pain than the redeployment group and the redeployment group reported more symptoms of psychological distress (depression, anxiety and stress) than the RTW same employer group. There were no significant differences between the two groups on level of disability, health locus of control, or job satisfaction. The implications of these findings for intervention planning are outlined.
Promoting Excellence: A Learning Partnership Approach to Workplace Claims/Injury Management and Rehabilitation in South Australia
Authors: Roberts-Yates Christine
Published: August 2016

This paper promotes the notion that workplace claims/injury management and rehabilitation in South Australia should be a learning process for all stakeholders. It argues that this is often ignored by the system where organisational rigidity and fixed expectations exacerbate problems and reduce the opportunity for change, new ways of learning and reciprocity. This paper asserts that what enables successful cost-effective claims/injury management would be the open operation of the pooled wisdom, experiences and practices of the stakeholders. It upholds the view that the systems involved need to be more flexible in facilitating partnerships and new learning, which would require changes in terms of openness, opportunities for learning and interacting, and establishing common focused goals. In order to study these ‘learning partnerships’, this paper attempts to analyse the dynamic configurations of ‘social power’ in the specific contexts in which the various stake-holders interact.
Re-embodiment and Rehabilitation
Authors: Chiveralls Keri
Published: August 2016

This article examines the process of rehabilitation through Wendy Seymour's concept of re-embodiment and Pierre Bourdieu's concept of habitus. It argues that rehabilitation practitioners need to focus not only on the damaged body of the patient, but also on the patient's subjective experiences of health and illness and the wider social context in which they occur. The process of disembodiment caused by periods of injury or sickness creates a rupture in the ordinary experience of the individual in society. In doing so, it renders both the individual habitus and ordinary societal conceptions problematic. Individuals must then embark on a process of transformation or identity reconstruction, whereby they again come to understand themselves as “healthy”. As rehabilitation workers are likely to work closely with people over an extended period of time, they are in an excellent position to consider the person not just as an objective patient, but as a person or subject influenced by many overlapping social forces and relationships that have an impact upon their reconstitution of identity, their rehabilitation and re-embodiment. Thus, rehabilitation as re-embodiment offers an opportunity for both the patient and practitioner to reconsider themselves and their place in society, and in doing so, to effect social change both within themselves and society at large.
Examining the Role of Treating Medical Practitioners Practising in the South Australian Workers' Compensation System
Authors: Roberts-Yates D. Christine
Published: August 2016

This paper reports conversational interviews with key stakeholders in order to analyse the critical role of the treating medical practitioner in the management of injured workers with a registered WorkCover claim in South Australia. The comments expose the dilemma of treating general practitioners in their dual roles of “gatekeeper” and service provider against a backdrop of the ongoing demands and pressures from claims agents, vested interest groups, litigation, pervading antagonistic process relationships, inflexible work settings and the preoccupation with containing costs. The study highlights the need for treating medical practitioners to understand the WorkCover system and legislation. It is suggested further that their practice would benefit from holistic management, supportive care, clear language, respectful communication, timely medical updates and helpful professional attitudes. It was noted that many medical practitioners favour some redesign of medical management practice encompassing the development of a leadership role and the provision of progressive medical management plans in order to maximise successful return-to-work outcomes for injured workers.
The Gazebo Café Skills Training Program — A Multi-perspective Evaluation
Authors: Brooks Amanda , May Esther , Boshoff Kobie
Published: August 2016

Interwork Limited is an open employment service that aims to maximise participation of individuals in the open labour market. As part of its services Interwork offers a Gazebo Café Program. The aim of this research project was to evaluate the impact of the participation in the Gazebo Café Program (a work preparation and skills training centre), from the perspective of key stakeholders. The rationale for this evaluation was to provide the management team of Interwork with information to inform decision-making for future directions of the Café. The project was undertaken as partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Applied Science in Occupational Therapy with Honours. In-depth interviews were conducted with three consumers, as well as two focus groups with four employment coordinators, and two referring agency staff members respectively. Analysis of the data revealed seven themes. The results suggested that participation in the Gazebo Café Program was a positive experience. Consumers felt they developed functional skills. Employment coordinators and referring agency staff emphasised the impact of the development of social and interpersonal skills. Opportunities to experience meaningful occupation while performing the work role, all within a natural and supportive community environment were valued impacts. Issues were raised relating to finding the right composition of consumers with and without disabilities, the affordability of the services for external users, and the current unavailability of accredited training. While the findings expand upon existing literature, they describe impacts of participation in a transition program for consumers that appear to not have been described elsewhere. Information is provided to other service providers in regards to the value and impact of such a program. Implications for open employment services are discussed.
Knowledge and Attitudes About Ageing: Their Effects on Auditory Rehabilitation Recommendations
Authors: Seville Elinor , Alpass Fiona M. , Pachana Nancy
Published: August 2016

As the proportion of the population over age 65 in many countries continues to grow, it becomes increasingly important for health care professionals to have well-grounded knowledge of ageing processes and positive attitudes towards their older clients. In New Zealand the third most limiting chronic health condition for older adults is hearing impairment. In this study, audiologists and hearing therapists in New Zealand were asked to complete measures of knowledge and attitudes towards older adults as well as a vignette measuring treatment options. While it was hypothesised that, due to audiologists' higher overall levels of academic qualifications gained, audiologists would have more knowledge and therefore better attitudes towards older adults, there was no difference between the groups' knowledge levels. Further analyses suggested that attitudes held were in part a function of gender and possibly education, with less educated females having more positive attitudes. While all participants had positive attitudes these did not always result in the most appropriate treatment. It was concluded that a lack of specific gerontological knowledge rather than negative attitudes resulted in less appropriate treatment recommendations for older adults.
Policy, Funding and Management Strategies to Promote Health, Community-based Rehabilitation and Regional Development in Australia
Authors: O'Donnell Carol
Published: August 2016

People with disabilities comprise 19% of the Australian population. Normalisation, human rights, community-based rehabilitation and mutual obligation policies are consistent. All require broadly conceptualised services which develop the potential and capacities of people with disabilities, to enable their self-determination and social integration. There is commitment to a national platform of standards for health and environment protection. Regionally pooled funding and separate management streams for accommodation and services for the aged would facilitate coordinated and transparent management of all accommodation, health and disability funds. Elected government representatives and universities appear well placed to assist the broad, regionally planned approach to resolving community health problems which area health service managers and others have commenced.
Skill Development and Problems in the Achievement of Transfer of Training Effects: Some New Zealand Rehabilitation Case Manager Data
Authors: Flett Ross , Collinson Cathie , Handy Jocelyn , Alpass Fiona
Published: August 2016

We examined the impact of a 27-week university-based professional training program on the self-rated skills and competencies of a group of New Zealand rehabilitation case managers. The extent to which training-related change transferred back to the workplace at both the individual and organisational level was also considered. Some pre-test/post-test increases in self-rated competencies were observed and these were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Training-related change back in the workplace was generally perceived to be in a negative direction, which highlights the fact that the relationship between the training process and subsequent skill/knowledge utilisation in the workplace is a complex and non-linear phenomenon. Some suggestions as to how research on training in rehabilitation might move forward are presented.