bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effectivity of fertilization based on hara index to increase grain rice plants production
Authors: Harahap L H , Harahap E M , Sarifudin S
Published: February 2020

Fertilizers addition that is in accordance with the vegetative and generative needs of rice plants, the yield of grain production will be able to increase, to see the nutrients needed by rice plants can be seen with a soil nutrient index. The purpose of this study was to make fertilizer recommendations that appropriate with increased growth and production of the plants based on nutrient indextoachieve targeted production. Experimental design research was a factorial completely randomized design with 2 factors and 3 repeats. First factor was given complete fertilizer (urea, SP-36, KCl, and dolomite), consisted of:0 g/plant; 549.574 g/plant; 824.36 g/plant; 1099.15 g/plant; 1373.94 g/plant. Second factor was soil nutrient indexconsisted of 0.9 (10% reduced dosage); 1 (standard nutrient index); 1.1 (10% added dosage). The result showed that givenfertilizer based on nutrient index significantly effective in grain rice production. The addition of fertilizer in appropriates high dosage of 1373.94 g/plant was able to increase production per plant plotuntil 5 kg/plot. The conclusion of this research is givingnutrient elements that appropriate with vegetative and generative needs of plants, so that maximum production can be achieved in accordance with the desired production target in one harvest period.
Species composition and distribution of termites in Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Quang Nam Province, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen T M , Nguyen Q H , Nguyen M D , Nguyen V Q , To T M D
Published: February 2020

The study on termite species composition and distribution was conducted in Ngoc Linh Nature Reserve, Quang Nam Province. 52 species belonging to 22 genera, 8 subfamilies and 2 families were recorded. Among these 22 genera, Odontotermes had the highest species richness with 9 species accounting for 17.3% of the total, followed by Macrotermes and Pericapritermes (4 species, 9.6%), Glytotermes, Schedorhinotermes and Dicuspiditermes (3 species, 5.8%). The remaining genera had 1 to 2 species. Two genera Sinocapritermes Ping and Xu, 1986 and Sinonasutitermes Li and Ping 1986 are new records for termite fauna of Vietnam. Result on termite distribution in different habitats showed that the species number in the Natural Forest was the highest with 45 species (86.5%). Distribution of termites in different altitudes showed that the highest species richness was found at altitudes between 300-1,000 m (36 species, 71.2%), followed by the altitudinal range between 1,000 m and 1,700m (26 species, 50.0%), below 300m (16 species, 30.8%) and the lowest species richness was found at altitudes above 1,700m (3 species, 5.8%).
Determination of the best treatment of the harvesting, physicochemical properties, organoleptic test using the effectiveness index method on the Aceh local rice genotype M7
Authors: Hayati R , Efendi  , Rahmadana F
Published: February 2020

The need for rice continues to increase every year in line with population growth so that eventually it becomes a problem for national food. The society’s view of fulfilling carbohydrate needs is one of the factors in increasing rice demand. This study aims to determine the best treatment of the harvesting, physicochemical properties, organoleptic test using the effectiveness index method on M7 genotype Aceh local rice. The results showed that the determination of potential quality of M7 genotype Aceh local rice was in the potential yield parameter and the weight of 1000 grains, the best physicochemical properties of M7 genotype rice were found in G2 which had a value of 0.107. While the parameters of kamba density, water content, and amylose content were found in G6 with the results of 0.178; 0.089 and 0.044. In the parameters of milled rice soaking, whiteness and starch content, the highest product values were found in the G3 with the results of 0.067; 0.133 and 0.200. In the parameters of the rice dimensions and amylopectin levels, the highest values was in G4 and G5 with results of 0.156 and 0.022 and the best organoleptic test results on the M7 genotype Aceh local rice was found in G3 which had a value of 1.000. In the attributes of aroma, color, texture, shape and overall acceptance, the panelists chose Aceh local rice in G3 with the results of 0.133; 0.067; 0.333; 0.267 and 0.200.
Effects of biochar and cow manure on soil chemical properties and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) yields in entisol
Authors: Yunilasari M , Sufardi  , Zaitun
Published: February 2020

Availability of agricultural land is an important factor in ensuring food availability. Dryland such as Entisol has been used as an alternative for agricultural activities. Efforts to improve soil fertility on dryland can be done through the application of biochar and cow manure as soil amendments. This research was carried out on Entisoldryland located in the experimental site of The ACIAR Project, UniversitasSyiahKuala from April to September 2018. The study used a non-Factorial Randomized Block Design with 3 replications. The treatments weresoil amendments of rice husk and cocopeatbiochars, each was combined with cow manure. The doses used were 0 t ha−1 and 10 t ha−1 for each type of biochar, while cow manure was given at the doses of 0 t ha−1; 10 t ha−1; and 20 t ha−1. After the application of biochar and cow manure, the experimental land was planted with peanuts. The results showed that the application of biochar and cow manure were able to increase soil pH, organic C, total N, C:N ratio, available-P, and exchangeable-K. Both types of soil amendments were also able to give a significant result on the weight of peanut seeds, and increase the potential yield of peanuts by 3,96 t ha−1.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.
Farmer’s unwillingness to grow soybean
Authors: Agussabti  , Rahmaddiansyah  , Romano  , Awaina T A
Published: February 2020

Soybean commodity is an essential and strategic food crop because food is an essential need for human beings. Aceh is one of the provinces in Indonesia which has become the center of soybean production. However, in recent years, Aceh’s soybean production has declined; this is due to the growing interest of farmers in soybean farming. This study aims to analyze the causes of reduced interest of farmers in soybean commodity farming and to map farmer’s interest in soybean farming. The research method used was descriptive qualitative and collecting data using survey techniques. The results showed that soybean farmers in Pidie Jaya District had good interest and knowledge about soybeans, while soybean farmers in Central Aceh Districts and East Aceh Districts had low interest in soybean affairs and quite good farming ability. The cause of the reduced interest of farmers in soybean business decreased by the low selling prices at the farmer level, pests, prices, and also the limited market that accepts soybean commodities. The percentage of soybean farmers in Aceh Province, which still operates soybeans in Aceh Province, is 27%, while 73% have switched to other commodities.

A post-publication change was made to this article on 11 Mar 2020 to correct the conference title in the PDF header.
Specific zone and development strategy of local coconut plantation in Aceh Besar regency
Authors: Uristiati  , Romano  , Hakim L , Kasimin S
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study was to find out the strategies for developing coconut in the areas that have the most potential to develop coconut commodity commodities in Aceh Besar Regency. The research method used is a potential survey and regional development policy FGD. Hierarchical and SWOT analysis to find priority development areas and future development strategies. The results of this study indicate that the most potentially developed areas of coconut plants to be developed as one of the mainstay commodities of the area in Aceh Besar Regency, Pulo Aceh Subdistrict, which occupy the first priority. The second priority is Darussalam Sub district. The third priority is the Mesjid Raya Sub-district, and Blang Bintang. The fourth priority is Kuta Cot Glie Sub-district, and Kuta Baro. The fifth priority is Seulimum Subdistrict and Lhong. The strategy for developing coconut plant commodities in Aceh Besar District is to expand information networks related to technology adoption in emphasizing various pest attacks in local coconut cultivation and seeking access to assistance from the government and strengthening partnership networks and utilizing partnerships in strengthening capital for the development of coconut farming in Aceh Besar Regency.
Marketing strategy development for Yogyakarta local black rice
Authors: Putri Y R , Ismoyowati D
Published: February 2020

Rice is an important food source and a staple food for most developing country, including Indonesia. Besides white rice, Indonesia has pigmented rice varieties, one of them is black rice which has begun to be popular. Black rice has beneficial effects on health because of its content. Black rice is a good source of fibers, minerals, and phytochemicals. Some regions in Indonesia produce black rice, one of them is Special Region of (Yogyakarta). Yogyakarta local black rice exists for a long time, but still very limited people know it. Producers are facing difficulties in selling black rice. This study aims to develop a marketing strategy to help producers to market black rice and to preserve local black rice cultivars in Yogyakarta. The methods used were IFAS and EFAS matrix, SWOT, and QSPM. The result shows that for Yogyakarta local black rice, there are necessaryto carry outmassive promotions, expand sales locations, expand and strengthen marketing networks, improve farmer organization performance, and increase local Yogyakarta black rice production as well.
Potency of several local phytogenic feed additives as antioxidant and antimicrobial sources for non-ruminant animals
Authors: Samadi  , Wajizah S , Tarman A
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potency of several local phytogenic (Vernonia amygdalina Del., Calotropis gigantean, Syzygium oleana, Syzygium cumini, L) as antioxidant and antimicrobial sources in feed additives for non-ruminant animals. Antibiotic as feed additive has been banned since 2006 due to harmful effect of antibiotic not only for animals but for consumers. Phytogenic as suitable natural alternatives has been intensively studied and had positively effect on animal health and productivity. Five extract phytogenic that massively grow in Aceh were extracted by using maceration method with the comparison of material and ethanol solvent 1:4. Antioxidant testing by using DPPH method and antimicrobial pathogen testing (Salmonella and E. coli) by using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method with gradient doses of extract (250 mg/mL, 500 mg/mL, 750 mg/mL), chloramphenicol as positive control and aquadest as negative control. The results of study indicated that Syzygium cumini, was the best phytogenic feed additives compared with the others feed additives. Syzygium cumini, L had antioxidant activity (IC50 19.91) and inhibition zone diameter of 4.80 and 12.78 for E.coli and Salmonella respectively with the dose of 750 mg/mL. In conclusion, all phytogenic feed additives can be utilized as feed additives for non-ruminant animals with S. cumini, L as the best phytogenic feed additives.
Increase in egg production, egg quality and immunity of local chicken resulted by cross-breeding
Authors: Yaman M A , Erina  , Zulfan  , Usman Y , Fitri C A , Latif H
Published: February 2020

A series of study aimed to improve egg production, egg quality and immunity resulted by cross-breeding with Arab chickens and laying chickens has been observed on 400 chickens of 5-month old of hens was used and treatment was divided into 2 groups: medium and heavy type hens. Randomized Block Design was used and hens were fed on a laying diet contained 18% of crude protein content and 2900 kcal/kg of metabolism energy. Parameters observed were the number of daily eggs (hen/day), clutch, egg weight, egg shape, shell thickness, Haugh unit (HU) and the total percentage of egg production during one production cycle. Immunity was observed by thymus size and time of thymus regression. The results showed that daily and total egg production, clutch spacing, egg weight, egg shape, hemp thickness, Haugh unit (HU) of egg in both heavy and medium type were significantly higher than pure local chicken. However, all the parameters of egg production and egg quality on the type of weight were significantly higher than the light type. In terms of immunity, time of thymus regression on crossbreed hen type occurred at 14-16 weeks of age. It concluded that crossbreeding between local chicken increased egg production and egg quality on derivatives of local chicken. It was also informed that the immunity of derivatives of local chicken resulted by crossbreeding against endemic diseases was better than that of in natural breed chicken.
Association of HSP70 gene with milk yield and milk quality of Friesian Holstein in Indonesia
Authors: Mariana E , Sumantri C , Astuti D A , Anggraeni A , Gunawan A
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to identify the polymorphism of the ScrFI locus of HSP70 and the association of genetic variant of HSP70 with milk yield and milk quality of Holstein-Friesian (HF) cows in Indonesia. A total of 115 heads of HF lactating cows which come from different locations of lowland, medium, and highland. Genotyping of HSP70 genes was performed by nested PCR-RFLP method. The variant of HSP70 was polymorphism: 47 and 49 bp for homozygous wild type (CC) genotype and 47, 49 and 96 for heterozygous cytosine deletion mutant (C-) genotype. Dairy cows with CC genotypes were higher 4%FCM, protein, fat, milk total solid and lactose (P <0.05) compare to C-genotype. It could be concluded that dairy cows with CC genotypes produce higher 4% FCM and better milk quality than dairy cows with C-.
Identification of morphological and stomatal characteristics of Zingiberaceae as medicinal plants in Banda Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Zahara Meutia
Published: February 2020

Indonesia is a tropical country that cultivates many types of herbs. Zingiberaceae commonly known as gingers family is an important herb in economic and ornamental plants as well as for traditional uses, this herb is famous for its medicinal value and distributed widely throughout the tropical regions. The research conducted in Banda Aceh province, Indonesia form June to July, 2019. The aim of research wasto identify the morphological and stomatal characteristics of Zingiberaceae that cultivated in Banda Aceh for plant taxonomy. The results obtained that in Banda Aceh mostly cultivated ZingiberofficinaleRosc., Curcuma domesticaVal., Alpiniagalanga L., and Etlingeraelatior L. The parasitic type of stomata showed in all mentioned species. The highest stomatal density on adaxial (AD) was found in Alpiniagalanga L. (228.82 mm−2), while the lowest density showed in Curcuma domestica Val. (32.30 mm−2). The highest stomatal density on abaxial (AB) was found in Etlingeraelatior L. (1.768 mm−2), while the lowest density showed in Curcuma domestica Val. (600.53 mm−2).
Optimizing the quality and antimicrobial ability of yogurt through a combination of starter and dates puree at different levels
Authors: Yurliasni  , Novita C I , Hanum Z , Latif H
Published: February 2020

Research on the optimization of the quality and antimicrobial ability of yogurt using a combination of starters (Lactobacillus acidophilus and Streptococcus thermophilus) and dates puree with different levels has been carried out to determine the changes in the quality of yogurt in terms of lactic acid levels, protein content, syneresis and also looking for an antimicrobial ability which was measured based on of inhibition zone formed against the tested bacteria (E.coli and S aureus). A completely randomized design (CRD) factorial pattern was applied consisting of 2 factors, those are factor A which is the level of starter, a1 = 2.5 percent, a2 = 5 percent, and factor B which is the level of dates puree namely b0 = 0 percent, b1 = 10 percent, b2 = 20 percent and b3 = 30 percent. The results showed that the level of dates puree had a very significant effect on lactic acid levels but not so with the starter level. The combination of treatments (P <0.01) affects the protein content but there was no interaction between treatments. Furthermore, there is interaction between treatments and it decreases the syneresis value significantly. It can be concluded that the levels of lactic acid, protein and syneresis of yogurt still have the best quality obtained in the treatment of 5 percent starters and the addition of 20 percent of dates puree. On the other hand, it had a weaker antimicrobial ability
The effect of asset ownership on the poverty in Pidie, Aceh Province, Indonesia
Authors: Zakiah  , Arida A , Zuhra F
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze how the effect of asset ownership on poverty in Pidie, Aceh. This research used two stage sampling. First, village elections conducted by purposive sampling, based on the topography of mountainous regions, coastal and lowland. The village Bunien represent the type of lowland areas, Meunasah Gong represents the type of coastal areas and village Peunalom 2 represents the type of mountain areas. Second, samples household selected by stratified sampling that is poor and not poor household. The analysis model using logit models. Household income, education, household size working and employment status household head, spacious houses and agricultural land are determinant of poverty and potentially reduce the level of poverty in the Pidie. While number of children, working in agriculture sector, labourer or landowner status, opportunity to increase the level of poverty. To reduce poverty, government must promote the agricultural sector, because many of the poor are farmers. In the long term, the government must give priority to the education and health sectors. Such as the exemption costs of education for poor students and free health services for the poor. The first section in your paper
Effect of temperature on the silylation of nanocrystalline cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane
Authors: Indarti E , Marwan  , Wanrosli W D
Published: February 2020

Nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) was obtained through the oxidation reaction of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) pulp and 4-acetamido- 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl (TEMPO) followed by ultrasonication. The aim of this study the effects of temperature on the silylation of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) using OPEFB-NCC and 3-aminopropyl-triethoxysilane (APS). The reaction temperatures use in the silylation process were 60, 70, 80, 90 and 100°C. FTIR of the distinctive peaks resulting from the silylation process at 810 cm−1, broad peaks at 1028-1157 cm−1 and at 2928 cm−1 were used as the basis for investigating the influence of temperature on the silylation reaction. In addition, a visual examination of the final product was also carried out. Based on the FTIR analyses and aided by visual assessment, it can be deduced that a medium temperature of 80°C is the optimum silylation reaction temperature.
Relationship of Dipterocarpaceae in Ketambe Research Station, Gunung Leuser National Park based on morphological diversity of vegetative organs
Authors: Harnelly E , Sara A , Iqbar  , Fathiya N , Umam A H
Published: February 2020

This study examines the relationship of Dipterocarpaceae in Ketambe Research Station Gunung Leuser National Park. This is based on the study of morphological diversity of vegetative organs which was carried out in July 2015 to June 2016 (one year). Quadrat sampling technique and purposive sampling technique methods were employed in this research and the data was analyzed using R2.10.0 program. Morphology identification and preservation of samples were done at Acehnese Herbarium, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Syiah Kuala University. The results showed that there were five Dipterocarpaceae species in Ketambe Research Station which are Hopea dryobalanoides, Shorea parvifolia, Shorea lepidota, Shorea johorensis, and Parashorea lucida. These five species were grouped into three clusters, the first clusters consisted of Hopea dryobalanoides, the second cluster consisted of Parashorea lucida, and the third cluster consisted of Shorea johorensis, Shorea parvifolia, and Shorea lepidota. The closest relationship was Shorea parvifolia and Shorea lepidota with a distance of 3.464102. The furthest relationship was Hopea dryobalanoides and Parashorea lucida with a distance of 6.633250.
Can nano-silver products endanger beneficial soil fungi?
Authors: Oktarina H , Singleton I
Published: February 2020

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industry due to their anti-microbial properties. Despite of its beneficial, they may potentially affect the activity of beneficial soil microorganisms. Trichoderma harzianum was used in this to investigate the effect of AgNPs on beneficial soil fungi. Colony diameter and spore production of T. harzianum were observed in the presence of three levels of AgNPs (200, 600, 1000 mg L−1) in growth media. The results showed that the application of AgNPs at high levels reduced colony diameter and spore production of the tested fungi. The findings indicate that AgNPs have the potential to damage beneficial soil fungi.
Endophytic bacteria (genus : Pseudomonas spp.) isolated from Aceh bamboo root as biological agent againts nematode Meloidogyne spp.
Authors: Afriyani  , Maulidia V , Alfizar  , Sriwati R
Published: February 2020

Endophytic bacteria are bacteria that associated with plant tissues without causing any disease. Endophytic bacteria able to produce enzymes that act as nematicide against root knot disease in celery plants caused by Meloidogyne spp. Bamboo roots were isolated, obtain 26 isolate by screening of mortality test, and founded 14 isolates were potential as biological control agents with 100 percentage. Furthermore, 14 endophytic bacterial that has been isolates were detected their protease enzyme activity and 9 isolates were shown the protease enzyme as qualitatively result. Aplication of endophyte bacteria on Celery seedling detected that the treatment of bacteria (AB12) had the lowest number of gall, the lowest number of nematode populations in gall compared to other isolates. This result indicates the AB12 isolate similar characterize from genus Pseudomonas spp. have good potential as a biological control agent for Meloidogyne spp. in celery plants. Some endophytic bacteria in other treatments did not affect the inhibition of nematodes while were able to increase plant growth such as plant height, number of stems and higher root length (AB03 isolate).
Combine organic and inorganic fertilizer increases yield of cucumber (Cucumissativus L.)
Authors: Marliah A , Anhar A , Hayati E , Nura
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of combine organic fertilizer (manure) and inorganic fertilizer (NPK and Micro fertilizer) on the growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumissativus L.). This study was conducted in the Experimental station, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Aceh from February to April2018. This experiment was arranged in a factorial randomized completely block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor was the provision of organic fertilizer (manure) with 3 levels: 10 t ha−1(K1), 20 t ha−1 (K2), and 30 t ha−1 (K3). The second factor was the provision of inorganic NPK fertilizer with 3 treatments: Without NPK fertilizer (control - N0), NPK Fertilizer(N 50 kg ha−1 P2O5 50 kg ha−1 and K2O 50 kg ha−1 (280 kg ha−1Phonska 16-16-16 - N1), and NPK + Micro Fertilizer (N 50 kg ha−1 P2O5 50 kg ha−1 and K2O 50 kg ha−1 (280 kg ha−1Phonska 16-16-16 + 2% Micro fertilizer – N2)). Results show that organic fertilizers (20 and 30 ton ha−1) increase fruit weight of each sample and fruit weight of each plant. The application of NPK + Micro Fertilizer produces in the best fruit weight of each sample and fruit weight of each plant. The combination of organic fertilizer (20 ton ha−1) and inorganic NPK + Micro Fertilizer results in the best fruit weight each plant of cucumber.
The Power of Comparative Law: What Types of Units Can Comparative Law Compare?
Authors: Siems Mathias
Published: February 2020

What can comparative law compare? It is relatively uncontroversial that certain topics are included in its scope. For example, there is little doubt that any comparison between legal rules of different countries belongs to the field of comparative law. Beyond this traditional scope, some comparatists include further topics, for example, suggesting that legal systems of the past, subnational laws, and informal forms of dispute resolution can also be possible units of comparative law. But why stop here? As many legal topics involve elements of comparison, it may only be logical to make any comparison in law part of the field of comparative law. However, such a suggestion about the broadening of comparative law also needs to assess whether the methods and concepts of comparative law can be made suitable for non-conventional units. Therefore, this Article will discuss both the possible extensions to the scope of comparative law and the corresponding power of comparative law to deal with these new units of comparison.
Predictors of Heterogeneity in Cognitive Function: APOE-e4, Sex, Education, Depression, and Vascular Risk
Authors: MacAulay Rebecca K , Halpin Amy , Cohen Alex S , Calamia Matthew , Boeve Angelica , Zhang Le , Brouillette Robert M , Foil Heather C , Bruce-Keller Annadora , Keller Jeffrey N
Published: February 2020

Objective

Mild cognitive impairment and dementia are clinically heterogeneous disorders influenced by diverse risk factors. Improved characterization of the effect of multiple risk factors influence on specific cognitive functions may improve understanding of mechanisms in early cognitive change and lead to more effective interventions.

Methods

Structural equation modeling (SEM) simultaneously examined the effects of modifiable (education, depression, and metabolic/vascular risk) and nonmodifiable risk factors (age, sex, and apolipoprotein E-ɛ4 allele [APOE-e4] status) on specific cognitive domains in 461 cognitively normal older adults.

Results

The hypothesized model(s) provided an adequate fit for the data. Sex differences in cognition, depression, and vascular risk were found. On average, men were higher in vascular risk with generally lower cognitive performance than women; women were more likely to have depression. APOE-e4 associated with depression but not age, sex, or metabolic/vascular risk. Depression associated with lower executive attention, memory, and language performance, whereas metabolic/vascular risk associated with lower executive attention, memory, and working memory. Older age and lower education are associated with worse performance across the cognitive domains. The combined risk factors accounted for 16%–47% of the variance in the cognitive domains.

Conclusions

Results highlight the combined effect of risk factors on cognitive function. Future research is needed to determine whether the multifactorial risk effects on cognition vary by sex. Precision medicine approaches that integrate neuropsychological services may improve diagnostic accuracy and earlier identification of those at risk of cognitive decline.
Eliminating primer dimers and improving SNP detection using self-avoiding molecular recognition systems
Authors: Yang Zunyi , Le Jennifer T , Hutter Daniel , Bradley Kevin M , Overton Benjamin R , McLendon Chris , Benner Steven A
Published: February 2020

Despite its widespread value to molecular biology, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) encounters modes that unproductively consume PCR resources and prevent clean signals, especially when high sensitivity, high SNP discrimination, and high multiplexing are sought. Here, we show how “self-avoiding molecular recognition systems” (SAMRS) manage such difficulties. SAMRS nucleobases pair with complementary nucleotides with strengths comparable to the A:T pair, but do not pair with other SAMRS nucleobases. This should allow primers holding SAMRS components to avoid primer–primer interactions, preventing primer dimers, allowing more sensitive SNP detection, and supporting higher levels of multiplex PCR. The experiments here examine the PCR performances of primers containing different numbers of SAMRS components placed strategically at different positions, and put these performances in the context of estimates of SAMRS:standard pairing strengths. The impact of these variables on primer dimer formation, the overall efficiency and sensitivity of SAMRS-based PCR, and the value of SAMRS primers when detecting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are also evaluated. With appropriately chosen polymerases, SNP discrimination can be greater than the conventional allele-specific PCR, with the further benefit of avoiding primer dimer artifacts. General rules guiding the design of SAMRS-modified primers are offered to support medical research and clinical diagnostics products.
Genetic variants in m6A modification genes are associated with esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma in the Chinese population
Authors: Yang Nan , Ying Pingting , Tian Jianbo , Wang Xiaoyang , Mei Shufang , Zou Danyi , Peng Xiating , Gong Yajie , Yang Yang , Zhu Ying , Ke Juntao , Zhong Rong , Chang Jiang , Miao Xiaoping
Published: February 2020

N 6-methyladenosine (m6A) is an abundant modification in RNAs that affects RNA metabolism, and it is reported to be closely related to cancer occurrence and metastasis. In this study, we focused on evaluating the associations between genetic variants in m6A modification genes and the risk of esophageal squamous-cell carcinoma (ESCC). By integrating data of our previous genome-wide association studies and the predictions of several annotation tools, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism, rs2416282 in the promoter of YTHDC2, that was significantly associated with the susceptibility of ESCC (odds ratio = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.77–0.92, P = 2.81 × 10−4). Through further functional experiments in vitro, we demonstrated that rs2416282 regulated YTHDC2 expression. Knockdown of YTHDC2 substantially promoted the proliferation rate of ESCC cells by affecting several cancer-related signaling pathways. Our results suggested that rs2416282 contributed to ESCC risk by regulating YTHDC2 expression. This study provided us a valuable insight into the roles of genetic variants in m6A modification genes for ESCC susceptibility and may contribute to the prevention of this disease in the future.
Evolving Epidemiology of Reported Giardiasis Cases in the United States, 1995–2016
Authors: Coffey Cushla M , Collier Sarah A , Gleason Michelle E , Yoder Jonathan S , Kirk Martyn D , Richardson Alice M , Fullerton Kathleen E , Benedict Katharine M
Published: February 2020

Background

Giardiasis is the most common intestinal parasitic disease of humans identified in the United States (US) and an important waterborne disease. In the United States, giardiasis has been variably reportable since 1992 and was made a nationally notifiable disease in 2002. Our objective was to describe the epidemiology of US giardiasis cases from 1995 through 2016 using National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System data.

Methods

Negative binomial regression models were used to compare incidence rates by age group (0–4, 5–9, 10–19, 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, 50–64, and ≥ 65 years) during 3 time periods (1995–2001, 2002–2010, and 2011–2016).

Results

During 1995–2016, the average number of reported cases was 19 781 per year (range, 14 623–27 778 cases). The annual incidence of reported giardiasis in the United States decreased across all age groups. This decrease differs by age group and sex and may reflect either changes in surveillance methods (eg, changes to case definitions or reporting practices) or changes in exposure. Incidence rates in males and older age groups did not decrease to the same extent as rates in females and children.

Conclusions

Trends suggest that differences in exposures by sex and age group are important to the epidemiology of giardiasis. Further investigation into the risk factors of populations with higher rates of giardiasis will support prevention and control efforts.
Entomopathogenic Nematodes as Potential Biological Control Agents of Subterranean Termite, Microcerotermes diversus (Blattodea: Termitidae) in Iraq
Authors: Al-Zaidawi Jawad B , Karimi Javad , Mahdikhani Moghadam Esmat
Published: February 2020

The infectivity of three species of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) such as Steinernema carpocapsae Weiser (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae), Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae), and H. bacteriophora Poinar (IRQ.1 strain) were examined against subterranean termite Microcerotermes diversus (Silvestri) (Blattodea: Termitidae) that is the most economically destructive termite in Iraq. Laboratory and field efficacy of these strains were evaluated to test the feasibility of indigenous EPNs to be used in a biological control program. The biological traits examined included pathogenicity, penetration, and reproduction of EPN species. Filter paper and wood bioassays were conducted using six concentrations: 25, 50, 100, 200, 400, and 600 IJs/termite. In both tests, all strains were virulent against M. diversus workers. The LC50 of S. carpocapsae in both petri dishes and in containers with sawdust was (57.9 and 15.7 IJs/termite) less than both indigenous (274.2 and 60.8 IJs/termite) and commercial (139.6 and 52.6 IJs/termite) Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, respectively. In the field, the percent mortality of the tested workers ranged from 22.5–80 ± 8.3%, 37.5–96.2 ± 8.9%, and 28.7–67.5 ± 6.8% for commercial H. bacteriophora and S. carpocapsae and native H. bacteriophora, respectively. All EPN strains successfully penetrated the M. diversus workers under field conditions, while the results showed that there was a significant difference between the three EPN strains. The percent mortality caused by native H. bacteriophora against termites was higher (43.6 ± 2.7%) than both commercial strains of S. carpocapsae (36.9 ± 1.6%) and H. bacteriophora (29.9 ± 1.4 %). These results highlight the efficiency of EPNs for the control of M. diversus workers.
Atrial fibrillation surgery with a focus on patients with reduced left ventricular function and heart failure
Authors: Petersen Johannes , Reichenspurner Hermann , Pecha Simon
Published: February 2020

This review article aims to give an overview on the different surgical treatment options for atrial fibrillation It includes concomitant- as well as stand-alone surgical ablation therapy and outlines the main issues in patients with heart failure and reduced LVEF.
Meta-analysis of Virtual-based Chromoendoscopy Compared With Dye-spraying Chromoendoscopy Standard and High-definition White Light Endoscopy in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease at Increased Risk of Colon Cancer
Authors: El-Dallal Mohammed , Chen Ye , Lin Qianyun , Rakowsky Shana , Sattler Lindsey , Foromera Joshua , Grossberg Laurie , Cheifetz Adam S , Feuerstein Joseph D
Published: February 2020

Background

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have an increased risk of colorectal cancer. We sought to assess the comparative efficacy of virtual chromoendoscopy (VCE) vs high definition white light endoscopy (HDWLE) or dye-spraying chromoendoscopy (DCE) through a meta-analysis and rating the quality of evidence.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed through February 15, 2019. Primary outcomes were number of patients in whom dysplasia was identified and number of dysplastic lesions identified in these patients. We included only randomized control trials (RCTs) and performed meta-analysis using RevMan5.3.

Results

Of the 3205 studies identified, 11 RCTs were included, with a total of 1328 patients. Per patient analysis, VCE was not statistically different compared with DCE (risk ratio [RR] 0.77; 95% CI, 0.55–1.08) or HDWLE (RR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.45–1.15). However, per dysplasia analysis, VCE was not statistically different compared with DCE (RR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.47–1.11) and inferior compared with HDWLE (RR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44–0.88). The quality of evidence was moderate in the HDWLE and low to moderate in the DCE studies.

Conclusion

Based on this meta-analysis, VCE was as good as HDWLE and DCE in identifying dysplasia per patient analysis. However, per dysplasia analysis, VCE was inferior compared with HDWLE and no different from DCE. Further studies need to examine the efficacy of each individual VCE technique.
Outcomes of aortic coarctation surgical repair in adolescents and adults
Authors: Cho Sungkyu , Lee Chang-Ha , Kim Eung Re , Lim Jae Hong
Published: February 2020

OBJECTIVES

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) in adolescents and adults is relatively rare. Several operative techniques have been reported, but there is no consensus.

METHODS

From November 1994 to July 2018, a total of 24 adolescents and adults underwent CoA repair. The mean age at operation was 29.9 ± 15.1; 19 (79%) patients were older than 18. Sixteen (67%) patients had arterial hypertension, 5 (21%) patients had bicuspid aortic valve, 4 (17%) patients had descending aneurysm, 2 (8%) patients had ascending aneurysm, 2 (8%) patients had patent ductus arteriosus and 1 (4%) patient had atrial septal defect. Three patients had prior surgery (2 CoA repair, 1 ventricular septal defect repair).

RESULTS

Surgical corrections included extra-anatomical bypasses in 12 (50%) patients (9: left subclavian artery to descending aorta bypass, 2 proximal-to-distal coarctation bypasses, 1 ascending-to-descending aortic bypass), end-to-end anastomosis in 6 (25%) patients, resections and interpositions of a tube graft in 5 (21%) patients and arch augmentation with a tube graft in 1 (4%) patient. The mean follow-up duration was 6.2 ± 5.1 years. No mortality was observed. No patient required reoperation or reintervention. The mean upper extremity systolic pressure significantly decreased from 142.4 ± 30.3 mmHg preoperatively to 121.1 ± 15.9 mmHg postoperatively (P = 0.002). Arterial pressure gradient between upper and lower extremities significantly decreased from 50.0 ± 21.8 mmHg preoperatively to 9.7 ± 13.5 mmHg postoperatively (P < 0.001). Among patients undergoing left subclavian artery to descending aorta bypass, 8 patients underwent ankle brachial pressure index evaluation. Postoperative mean right- and left-sided ankle brachial pressure index were 0.96 ± 0.16 and 0.94 ± 0.11, respectively. All grafts were patent at the last follow-up.

CONCLUSIONS

CoA repair in adolescents and adults showed good outcomes. Left subclavian artery to descending aorta bypass grafting is safe and effective for managing CoA in adolescents and adults.
Positive observers for linear positive systems in a Hilbert lattice space
Authors: Binid Abdellaziz , Elarbi Achhab Mohammed , Laabissi Mohamed
Published: February 2020

In this work, we investigate the question of designing a positive observer for a class of infinite dimensional linear positive systems. We present a new observer design based on a classical Luenberger-like observer. The proposed observer is positive. That is, it ensures that the state estimates are nonnegative at any time. The existence of such positive observers is proven by a specific choice of the observer gain and using positive bounded perturbation results. We show in particular that the error of the state estimation converges exponentially to zero. Finally, the main result is applied to an isothermal tubular (bio) reactor model, namely the plug-flow (bio) reactor model. The approach is illustrated by some numerical simulations.
Twelve-Year Trend in the Prevalence of High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Infection Among Rwandan Women Living With HIV
Authors: Murenzi Gad , Kanyabwisha Faustin , Murangwa Anthere , Kubwimana Gallican , Mutesa Leon , Burk Robert D , Anastos Kathryn , Castle Philip E
Published: February 2020

Background

We examined the trend in prevalence of high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) cervical infection among Rwandan women living with HIV (WLWH) over 12 years.

Methods

Prevalence of cervical hrHPV DNA was measured in 3 studies at 3 different time periods in 3 different groups of WLWH using 3 different but comparable hrHPV tests: a MY09/MY11 PCR test in 2005 (RWISA; n = 497), careHPV in 2009–2010 (HPV Demonstration; n = 1242), and Xpert HPV test in 2016–2018 (U54; n = 4734). Prevalences were adjusted for age and CD4 cell count.

Results

HrHPV prevalence decreased over time from 42.5% to 32.2% to 26.5% (P < .001). CD4 cell counts improved over time (Ptrend <.001) so that the percentage of WLWH with CD4 counts of ≥500 cells/μL increased from 7.7% in 2005 to 42.2% in 2009–2010 and 61.1% in 2016–2018. Thus, after adjustment for differences in CD4 counts and age, hrHPV prevalences were more similar over time: 32.6% for RWISA, 30.6% for HPV Demonstration, and 27.1% for U54 (P = .007).

Conclusions

Prevalence of hrHPV among WLWH has decreased over the past decade, most likely the result of improved immune reconstitution due to better HIV care and management in Rwanda.
Upregulation of cyclase-associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2 in epithelial ovarian cancer correlates with aggressive histologic types and worse outcomes
Authors: Adachi Masataka , Masugi Yohei , Yamazaki Ken , Emoto Katsura , Kobayashi Yusuke , Tominaga Eiichiro , Banno Kouji , Aoki Daisuke , Sakamoto Michiie
Published: February 2020

Objective

Cyclase-associated actin cytoskeleton regulatory protein 2 (CAP2) regulates actin dynamics to control cell cycles and cell migration. CAP2 overexpression contributes to cancer progression in several tumor types; however, the role of CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer remains unclear. This study aimed to clarify the significance of CAP2 expression in epithelial ovarian tumor.

Methods

We evaluated CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer cell lines using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunocytochemistry and examined the effect of CAP2 silencing in migration and proliferation assays. CAP2 immunohistochemistry was conducted using tissue specimens from 432 ovarian carcinoma patients; a further 55 borderline and benign 65 lesions were analyzed. CAP2 expression levels were defined as low, intermediate or high, for correlation analysis with clinicopathological factors.

Results

CAP2 expression was significantly higher in cell lines from Type II ovarian cancer than in those in Type I, and knockdown of CAP2 showed decreased migration and proliferation. Higher levels of CAP2 expression in human tissues were associated with Type II histology, residual lesion, lymph node metastasis, ascites cytology and higher clinical stage. High CAP2 expression levels were observed in 26 (23.4%) of 111 Type II ovarian cancers and in 16 (5.0%) of 321 Type I cancers but not in any borderline or benign lesions. Multivariate analyses showed that CAP2 expression in ovarian cancer is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (P = 0.019).

Conclusion

CAP2 expression is upregulated in aggressive histologic types of epithelial ovarian cancer and serves as a novel prognostic biomarker for patient survival.
A multidisciplinary approach to carotid body tumors surgical management
Authors: Fan David , Luster Stephanie , Eid Ibrahim G , Saied Calvino Abdul
Published: February 2020

Carotid body tumors (CBTs) are rare and usually require complex surgical resection. We present a case of a large 7-cm CBT successfully treated in a community cancer center using a multidisciplinary team approach.

A 32-year-old male referred for surgical evaluation of an asymptomatic right neck mass. CT angiography showed a 7-cm tumor encasing the carotid vessels, including the bifurcation (Shamblin III). Preoperative angiography and embolization were performed by interventional radiology. The patient underwent surgical removal of the CBTs and required surgical reconstruction with a common carotid to internal carotid bypass using a polytetrafluoroethylene interposition graft. The hypoglossal nerve, vagus nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve were identified, meticulously dissected and preserved. The patient did well after surgery and recovered with no complications. This report examines the diagnosis, preoperative workup and surgical management of CBTs using a multidisciplinary team approach.
Constraining churning and blurring in the Milky Way using large spectroscopic surveys – an exploratory study
Authors: Feltzing Sofia , Bowers J Bradley , Agertz Oscar
Published: February 2020

We have investigated the possibilities to quantify how much stars move in the Milky Way disc due to diffuse processes (blurring) and due to influences from spiral arms and the bar (churning). We assume that the formation radius of a star can be inferred if we know its elemental abundances and age and the metallicity profile of the interstellar medium at the time of the star’s formation. We use data for red giant branch stars from APOGEE DR14, parallaxes from Gaia, and stellar ages based on the C and N abundances. In our sample, we find that half of the stars have experienced some sort of radial migration, 10 per cent likely have suffered only from churning, and a modest 5–7 per cent have never experienced either churning or blurring making them ideal tracers of the original properties of the cool stellar disc. To arrive at these numbers, we imposed the requirement that the stars that are considered to be churned have highly circular orbits. If instead we require that the star has moved away from its formation position and at the same time that its Galactocentric radius at formation did not fall between the apo- and pericentre of its orbit today, we find that about half of the stars have undergone a radial migration. We have thus shown that it is possible to put up a framework to quantify churning and blurring. Future work includes investigations of how selection effects influence the results.
A simulated global GM estimate of the asteroid 469219 Kamo‘oalewa for China’s future asteroid mission
Authors: Jin W T , Li F , Yan J G , Andert T P , Ye M , Yang X , Hao W F , Barriot J P
Published: February 2020

China will launch in the forthcoming years a sample return mission called ZhengHe, to asteroid 469219 Kamo‘oalewa (provisional designation 2016HO3) and comet 133P/Elst-Pizarro. The mission will consist of an orbiter and a nano-lander. One of ZhengHe’s investigations is the radio science experiment, whose main objective is the asteroid GM estimate. In this paper, we conduct full numerical simulations of the radio science experiment using the wudogs software package, developed by Wuhan University. In addition to two-way Doppler measurements, we also include one-way on-board distance measurements. A list of parameters including the spacecraft initial conditions and the global asteroid GM are solved using a weighted least-squares fit. The simulation results indicate that the GM solution is very sensitive to the ephemeris error. We need an accuracy within 2 km on the ephemeris of the asteroid to achieve a reliable estimate of GM.