bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution and determinants of glycosylated hemoglobin in adolescents ‐ Results from a nationwide population-based survey in Germany
Authors: Patelakis Eleni , Schienkiewitz Anja , Truthmann Julia , Holl Reinhard W. , Poethko-Müller Christina , Mensink Gert B. M. , Heidemann Christin
Published: February 2024

The role of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in youth is largely unclear. The aims of this study are to investigate the distribution and potential determinants of HbA1c among a population-based sample of adolescents. The German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Children and Adolescents (KiGGS) Wave 2 includes a nationwide representative sample of 0-17-year-old participants. For this evaluation, data from a randomly selected subgroup aged 14–17 years and without diagnosed diabetes was included (n = 857). Percentile-based HbA1c values (measured at laboratory in whole blood samples by high performance liquid chromatography) were calculated to examine HbA1c distribution. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to investigate factors (age, sex, parental socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI), birth weight, smoking, alcohol consumption, healthy food diversity, sport activity, oral contraceptive use) associated with HbA1c. The mean HbA1c level was 5.2% (minimum: 3.9%, P10: 4.8%, P50: 5.1%, P90: 5.5%, maximum: 6.7%). Overall, 2.8% of adolescents had an HbA1c value in the prediabetic range (5.7–6.4%) and 0.1% had an undiagnosed diabetes (≥6.5%). Multivariable regression analysis showed an inverse association of age with HbA1c (17 vs. 14 years: ß: -1.18; 95% CI -2.05, -0.31). Higher HbA1c values were observed for higher BMI-standard deviation scores (SDS) (ß: 0.24; 95% CI -0.04, 0.52) and smoking (ß: 0.73; 95% CI -0.12, 1.57), but these tendencies were non-significant. In sex-stratified analysis, smoking and birth weight were significantly associated with HbA1c in boys. Among adolescents without diagnosed diabetes in Germany, HbA1c values ranged from 3.9% to 6.7%. To ensure health in adulthood, the influence of determinants on HbA1c levels in younger age should be further investigated.
The effect of physical interventions on pain control after orthodontic treatment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Li Junxiong , Li Siyu , Chen Hongjun , Feng Jingzhe , Qiu Ya , Li Lihua
Published: February 2024

Objective

Pain is a frequent adverse reaction during orthodontic treatment, which can significantly reduce treatment compliance and compromise the expected treatment effect. Physical interventions have been used to alleviate pain after orthodontic treatment, but their effectiveness is controversial. This study used a network meta-analysis to assess the efficacy of various physical interventions typically used in managing pain after orthodontic treatment, with a view to provide evidence-based recommendations for representative interventions for orthodontic pain relief during peak pain intensity.

Methods

A systematic search of six electronic databases, from their respective inception dates, was conducted to identify relevant literature on the efficacy of various typical physical interventions for managing pain after orthodontic treatment. Literature screening was performed according to the Cochrane System Evaluator’s Manual. Stata 16.0 was used to assess heterogeneity, inconsistency, publication bias, and sensitivity to generate an evidence network diagram and conduct a network meta-analysis.

Results

In total, 771 articles were reviewed to collect literature on interventions, including low-level laser therapy (LLLT), vibration, acupuncture, and chewing. Of these, 28 studies using a visual analog scale (VAS) as an outcome indicator were included. The results showed that LLLT, vibration, acupuncture, and chewing effectively relieved the pain symptoms in patients after orthodontic treatment. At 24 h post-treatment, LLLT (surface under the cumulative ranking curve [SUCRA] = 80.8) and vibration (SUCRA = 71.1) were the most effective interventions. After 48 h of treatment, acupuncture (SUCRA = 89.6) showed a definite advantage as the best intervention.

Conclusion

LLLT, vibration, acupuncture, and chewing can alleviate pain associated with orthodontic treatment. Among these interventions, acupuncture was found to be the most effective at 48 h after orthodontic treatment. In addition, acupuncture demonstrated long-lasting and stable pain-relieving effects. However, further studies are needed to determine the most suitable equipment-specific parameters for acupuncture in relieving pain associated with orthodontic treatment.
Assessment of the stiffness of the upper trapezius muscle in a group of asymptomatic people with cervical spine rotation asymmetry
Authors: Wendt Michał , Waszak Małgorzata
Published: February 2024

This study investigated the relationship between the stiffness of the upper trapezius muscle and the range of rotational movement of the cervical spine. A total of 60 right-handed asymptomatic students participated in the study. Participants (N = 22) characterised by asymmetry in rotational movements were selected for the experimental group. A difference of ≥10° between right and left rotation of the cervical spine was considered asymmetrical. The control group (N = 38) included participants whose rotation difference was < 10°. Belonging to the experimental or control group did not significantly differentiate trapezius muscle stiffness. The rotation side differentiated the stiffness of the right and left trapezius muscles only in the group of people with rotational movement asymmetry. There were high correlation coefficients between right cervical rotation and the stiffness of the muscle on the right side, and between rotation to the left and the stiffness of the muscle on the left side. There is a relationship between the stiffness of the right and left upper trapezius muscles and the range of right and left rotational motion of the cervical spine. Stiffness of the upper trapezius correlates more strongly with rotation to the side on which the muscle lies than to the opposite side. Increased stiffness of the upper trapezius muscle on the side of limited cervical spine rotation is likely to be determined by the muscle fibre stretching mechanism.
Smallpox lesion characterization in placebo-treated and tecovirimat-treated macaques using traditional and novel methods
Authors: Bell Todd M. , Facemire Paul , Bearss Jeremy J. , Raymond Jo Lynne , Chapman Jennifer , Zeng Xiankun , Shamblin Joshua D. , Williams Janice A. , Grosenbach Douglas W. , Hruby Dennis E. , Damon Inger K. , Goff Arthur J. , Mucker Eric M.
Published: February 2024

Smallpox was the most rampant infectious disease killer of the 20th century, yet much remains unknown about the pathogenesis of the variola virus. Using archived tissue from a study conducted at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention we characterized pathology in 18 cynomolgus macaques intravenously infected with the Harper strain of variola virus. Six macaques were placebo-treated controls, six were tecovirimat-treated beginning at 2 days post-infection, and six were tecovirimat-treated beginning at 4 days post-infection. All macaques were treated daily until day 17. Archived tissues were interrogated using immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy. Gross lesions in three placebo-treated animals that succumbed to infection primarily consisted of cutaneous vesicles, pustules, or crusts with lymphadenopathy. The only gross lesions noted at the conclusion of the study in the three surviving placebo-treated and the Day 4 treated animals consisted of resolving cutaneous pox lesions. No gross lesions attributable to poxviral infection were present in the Day 2 treated macaques. Histologic lesions in three placebo-treated macaques that succumbed to infection consisted of proliferative and necrotizing dermatitis with intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies and lymphoid depletion. The only notable histologic lesion in the Day 4 treated macaques was resolving dermatitis; no notable lesions were seen in the Day 2 treated macaques. Variola virus was detected in all three placebo-treated animals that succumbed to infection prior to the study’s conclusion by all utilized methods (IHC, ISH, IFA, EM). None of the three placebo-treated animals that survived to the end of the study nor the animals in the two tecovirimat treatment groups showed evidence of variola virus by these methods. Our findings further characterize variola lesions in the macaque model and describe new molecular methods for variola detection.
From language to literature: The fictionalization of the book in Patrick Chamoiseau’s novels
Authors: Galmiche-Essue Julia
Published: February 2024

If Patrick Chamoiseau’s work on the issue of language has been amply studied, this article intends to shed new light on it through an analysis of its relation to the printed book, as represented in the Martinician writer’s novel. The purpose of this article is not only to offer a more developed approach of the contrast between oral and written, which takes into account the role played by print, but also to study the ways in which Chamoiseau creates, through the fictionalized book, his own ‘linguistic mythology’. According to Chamoiseau, this is the ultimate goal of literature as it participates in the renewal of linguistic codes. The writer’s political posture, which seeks to determine which approach is more legitimate, the oral language or the written, Creole or French, is replaced with an aesthetic posture focused on the contribution of Chamoiseau’s personal writing style to francophone literature.
negação do trabalho concreto como prática dessocializante
Authors: Silva Everton Luís da , Opuszka Paulo Ricardo , Domingues André Luan
Published: February 2024

O presente artigo analisará, à luz dos eixos da crítica social (trabalho, linguagem e desejo), os chamados pressupostos concretos de garantia da sobrevivência da espécie humana (condições materiais de sobrevivência) e como se  tornam centrais para análise da forma de constituição das subjetividades, aliada à noção lukásciana de “falso socialmente necessário” e de “estrutura” em Jacques-Alain Miller surjam como possibilidades de leitura e compreensão da realidade presente para construção de resposta ao questionamento aqui posto: a noção de trabalho abstrato pode ser compreendida como criação por meio do que se qualifica como produção do falso socialmente necessário? Aqui, teoria de base e abordagem filiam-se à perspectiva crítica, vislumbrando-se a utilização de pensadores com lecionar multidisciplinar, em tentativa de conexão entre diferentes ramos do saber-viver. Conclui-se que uma possível leitura conjunta da ideia de falso socialmente necessário, aplicada a ideia de trabalho abstrato, aliada ao pensamento de Jacques-Alain Miller, atribuindo-se ao citado trabalho abstrato a condição de “estrutura estruturante e estruturada” nos (e dos) processos de subjetivação e individuação do tempo presente, indica a construção de uma falsa realidade (que se concretiza) enquanto estruturação de forma de pensar-viver que nega a humanidade do humano, impedindo os reais processos de subjetivação e individuação a partir do concreto e do absolutamente outro.
Beyond the Grundnorm:
Authors: Kern Moreira Felipe
Published: February 2024

This contribution aims to add arguments to the hypothesis that the basic norm of Hans Kelsen's Pure Theory of Law is inapplicable as the sole foundation of the legitimacy of international law. Legitimacy is understood here as the property of the norm to attract international actors (Subjects of International Law) toward fulfilling the normative command. The basic norm of Hans Kelsen's Pure Theory of Law can be seen as a static element of the legitimacy of norms of international law. The fragmentation and interdependence between norms of international law can be seen as dynamic legitimacy elements. These arguments make up a theoretical set that seeks to explain why and how subjects of international law obey rules of law at the international level. The methodology of this contribution consists of qualitative theoretical research using primary sources referring to the issue of legitimacy in international law.
Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Presenting as an Isolated Brain Lesion 6 Years After Treatment
Authors: Murthy Jeevan , Moise John , Mi Kaitlyn , Aulakh Sonikpreet
Published: February 2024

Intracranial metastasis is a rare sequela of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), typically presenting within the first 2 years after primary tumor detection. Our patient is a 72-year-old man diagnosed with an EAC in 2015 and presented with recurrence of a distant solitary brain lesion approximately 6 years after the initial diagnosis. Histological diagnosis was confirmed as EAC with all relevant indicators. In addition, we used genomic profiling to detect biomarkers that can be useful in the future for therapies.
Current status and perspectives of personal data protection under the conditions of marital state
Authors: Zinych L.V.
Published: February 2024

The aggression of russia has created numerous problems in terms of legal and organizational protection of personal data. Therefore, this article analyzes the current state and prospects of personal data protection during a state of war. The author examines the changes to legislation in this field caused by russia’s full-scale invasion and analyzes the state of cybersecurity legislation in Ukraine as part of personal data protection.Emphasis is placed on the fact that effective protection of personal data is impossible without ensuring cybersecurity. The experience of Estonia as a leading European country in this field is highlighted. The main directions of Estonia’s data protection policy are indicated.The analysis of legislation and law enforcement practices highlights a number of issues, such as the absence of a plan for cyber attacks and the vulnerability of devices used for photo and video documentation at checkpoints. It is expressed that these shortcomings need to be addressed through the adoption of a new law on personal data protection.Regarding the prospects of personal data protection in a state of war, the article argues that measures for safeguarding personal data should be taken by both private individuals and state institutions. Private individuals should employ measures such as using reliable software and data encryption. State institutions should implement the following measures: in the event of a threat of occupation of a specific locality, the authorities and their officials should destroy documents and other physical media containing personal data of Ukrainian citizens.The overall conclusion is that the protection of personal data is a constant challenge, and the development of new technologies requires continual updating of security measures. Users and organizations must be knowledgeable and cautious in the processing and transmission of personal data, while legislation and standards need to constantly adapt to changes in the digital environment and the military-political sphere.
Inquiry as a form of pre-trial investigation: challenging issues of reform at the present stage
Authors: Hutsuliak Iu.V.
Published: February 2024

The article examines the problematic issues of inquiry as a form of pretrial investigation of criminal misdemeanors, the peculiarities of inquiry by units of the National Police of Ukraine. It was determined that the inquiry as a form of pre-trial investigation consists in the accelerated implementation of procedural activities by authorized subjects regarding the investigation of criminal offenses provided for by law at the stage of pre-trial investigation, while the inquiry is carried out in full with the involvement of all organizational and procedural resources within the limits defined by the legislation of Ukraine in order to fulfill the tasks of criminal proceedings. On the basis of the conducted research, the inconsistency of the current criminal procedural legislation in the part of the regulation of the pre-trial investigation of criminal misdemeanors, which consists in the uncertainty of the sources of evidence, the procedure for conducting separate investigative (investigative), secret investigative (investigative) and other procedural actions, as well as the procedural procedure for the application of security measures, has been established criminal proceedings during the investigation. The judicial practice regarding the application of criminal procedural legislation in the part of the regulation of the order of seizure of confiscated property during the pre-trial investigation of criminal misdemeanors was analyzed, changes to the legislation were proposed in view of the needs of practice, which consist in making appropriate changes to the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine. The resolution of the considered problematic issues during the investigation will contribute to the fulfillment of the tasks of criminal proceedings and the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the participants in criminal proceedings during the pre-trial investigation of criminal misdemeanors
Place of forgery of documents in the system of encroachments on document circulation under the criminal law of Ukraine
Authors: Yavorsky S.Y.
Published: February 2024

The dynamism of criminal legislation, the inconsistency of its provisions with each other and with the provisions of regulatory legislation, present the science of criminal law with the task of systematizing relevant material, classifying normative provisions on the basis of objective criteria, finding gaps and excesses in legal regulation, collisions and unjustified competition, and developing proposals for improvement of the state of legal protection of a certain object against criminal and illegal encroachments. At the same time, it should also be borne in mind that document circulation as an object of criminal law protection has not found its separate reflection in the system of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and is protected by the norms on criminal offenses that encroach on completely different generic objects. This makes it difficult to have a systematic idea of the place of criminal offenses related to forgery of documents in this system. The science of criminal law has in its arsenal deep and thorough studies of both the system of encroachments on the document circulation itself and certain problems of the criminal law regulation of certain types of document forgery. At the same time, the development of social relations, the appearance of specific types of documents, the introduction of changes and additions to the Criminal Code of Ukraine, does not allow to conclude that the problem of determining the place of forgery of documents in the system of encroachments on document circulation under the Criminal Code of Ukraine is finally resolved. The article puts forward and substantiates a hypothesis regarding the system of types of encroachments on the document circulation and determining, on the basis of objective criteria, the place in it of a group of criminal offenses related to forgery of documents. Forgery of documents is a set of criminal offenses aimed at the appearance in objective reality of a false document. In this way, it differs from the illegal handling of real or forged documents, which also interferes with the circulation of documents.
About civil legal relations in the context of the complication of legal relations in their structure
Authors: Zozulyak O.I. , Paruta Yu.I.
Published: February 2024

The scientific article examines the role of legal ties in the analysis of civil legal relations. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of distinguishing central and auxiliary legal ties. According to the authors, the specified division is necessary in those legal relationships where connections of different legal natures are combined. It is argued that if this division is not implemented, it may be difficult to determine the institution of private law that will regulate a specific legal relationship.The position is expressed that the issue of central and subsidiary legal relations is followed in corporate legal relations. The outlined conclusion is made on the basis of the fact that these legal relations combine relations of different legal nature, in particular: binding, property, corporate. However, it is argued that in corporate legal relations, the connection of a corporate nature plays a key role. Of course, the importance of other legal relationships is not denied, however, it is noted that they should be understood through the prism of corporate law.The authors of the article agree that the example of «intersection» of legal ties of different legal nature is followed when studying the norm of civil law as an object of civil legal relations. The authors are in solidarity with the scientific opinion that at the stage of creating a legal norm, the authors of the draft law are granted copyright. However, after the publication of the law, the rule of law acts as information, and accordingly, is the object of information law.Based on this, it was concluded that the norm of civil law simultaneously combines the characteristics of the object of intellectual property law and information.Attention is drawn to the fact that digital things, such as: virtual assets and digital content, also contain legal ties of different legal nature. In addition, it is assumed that in the digital environment it is possible to predict the appearance of other objects with a complex legal nature, which will clearly be reflected in the features of the civil legal relationship with such objects.A conclusion was made about the further expediency of developing doctrinal approaches in the direction of researching complex legal relationships that have a different legal nature with the centering of the main legal relationship and additional ones that are characteristic of a specific civil legal relationship. The outlined approach, according to the authors, will be useful when searching for an institution of civil law that regulates relevant relations.
The genesis of the development of the institution of compensation for moral damage in labor law
Authors: Panchenko O.I.
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the article is to study the stages of formation of the institution of compensation for moral damages in the territory of Ukraine within the framework of labor relations. Compensation for moral suffering is one of the ways to protect violated rights, including in labor law. This institution has always attracted the attention of researchers and generated a number of discussions. For a considerable period of time, the views on it varied; the opinion was repeatedly expressed about whether it has the right to exist as such (especially in Soviet times). It was established that the institution of compensation for moral damage has ancient and deep roots. It is mentioned even in the Laws of the XII Tables, where the concept of personal offense already existed. Besides, in Ruska Pravda one can find such term as insult, which meant moral suffering. In different periods of Ukraine’s history, its lands were part of different principalities and empires; however, in a number of legal instruments that were in force at that time, we find articles on the need to compensate the victim for an insult to honor, dignity or moral suffering, so attention is paid to the analysis of the relevant norms of these acts. The process of establishing the institution of moral damage in the Soviet period was studied, and the civil legislation that was in force on the territory of Ukraine at that time was considered. The progress of this concept in the labor legislation of already independent Ukraine was analyzed. The rules related to the issue under consideration were studied starting from 1991 and up to today, when there is a need to bring legal acts of Ukraine into compliance with the legislation of the European Union.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Based Materials for Biomedical Applications
Authors: K Sivakumar K , Khanani Amena Banoo , Devi G. Durga , Khanam Nishat , Chandraker Dilendra , Ambapallil Sandeep SasiKumar
Published: February 2024

This study summarizes the many biomedical and biomechanical applications of polymer-based materials. The use of polymer-based materials in medical implants and equipment allows for the restoration or enhancement of function of damaged or disconnected tissues or organs, thereby benefiting patients. Appropriateness to the body is the most important factor to consider while choosing the biomaterial. For materials made of polymers to be useful over the long haul, they need to meet certain criteria. Polymers with shape memory and shape-changing capabilities are examples of this class of materials that can perform active movements triggered by external inputs. In the recent two decades, these materials have garnered a lot of attention in the biomedical field, particularly for use in minimally invasive procedures. This is why polymeric biomaterials have been and will continue to be crucial to the development of innovative antibacterial technologies for use in biologic applications. Topics covered in this study include biomolecule conjugates of smart polymers on surfaces, various forms of smart polymeric biomaterials, and the characteristics and applications of smart polymers. This page provides a synopsis of the three main categories of polymeric-based materials, outlining their respective areas of use.
Clinical case-Autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Vieira Daniela
Published: February 2024

This article focuses on the analysis of a clinical case. After an investigation of the most pertinent aspects of the case, through a structured model of clinical history and with reference to specific assessments, intervention strategies are outlined resorting to theoretical support and, finally, their evolution is monitored. I. began monitoring at APPDA-V with the aim of promoting emotional regulation, increasing social skills and reducing disruptive behaviours. Among her characteristics, an excessive dependence on routines stands out, and, when changes occur, I. demonstrates her displeasure through disruptive behaviours, manifesting it in self- and hetero aggression, shouting, biting herself or the objects around her.
new species of Brachionidium (Pleurothallinidae) from the Yanachaga Chemillen National Park, Pasco, Peru
Authors: Valenzuela Gamarra Luis
Published: February 2024

A new Brachionidium from Peru is described and illustrated based on living plants. Information on distribution, ecology, etymology, and phenology is also included. The new species, B. montieliae, was discovered in one of the highest mountains of the Oxapampa-Ashaninka-Yanesha Biosphere Reserve (BIOAY), situated above the forests of the Humid Puna of the Yanachaga Chemillen National Park at 3590 m in elevation. It is similar to Brachionidium vasquezii but differs in the oblong-elliptic, denticulate, and semi-erect leaves, somewhat lanuginose abaxially; the purple lanuginose adaxially and papular abaxially, entire, acuminate lateral sepals; the purplish oblong-ovate dorsal sepal, lanuginose on the adaxial surface, papular abaxially; the purple petals with scalloped edges, acuminate to obtuse apex ending in a thin, slightly abbreviated tail; the lip with apiculate lateral angles and with a central, trapezoid verrucose callus on the disc. Brachionidium montieliae is a terrestrial species that thrives in the humid Puna forests at elevations around 3400–3600 meters. The ecosystem is characterized by a sclerophyllous forest with a diverse range of tree species. The species typically blooms between July and August. There are potential threats from annual burning practices in the region. Given the potential risks, it is imperative to undertake immediate conservation measures and promote environmental awareness to safeguard this species.
Sarcoglottis wernerherzogii (Spiranthinae), a new species from Cusco, Peru
Authors: Collantes Benjamín , Edquén José D. , Incahuamán Feliciano , Salazar Gerardo A.
Published: February 2024

A new species of Sarcoglottis from the department of Cusco, Peru is described and illustrated as S. wernerherzogii. It is similar to eastern South American S. fasciculata but distinguished by its contrasting habitat (high-Andean montane cloud forest as 2050−2500 m a.s.l. vs. Atlantic rain forest near sea level), flowering after the shedding of the leaves (vs. flowering with leaves present); homogeneous green or yellow flowers (vs. whitish or pale green with contrasting reddish veins); rigidly conduplicate-concave lateral sepals that, when spread out are strongly falcate (vs. slightly concave, not rigid, obliquely lanceolate lateral sepals); strongly cymbiform, obovate hypochile as wide as long when spread out (vs. broadly channeled, oblanceolate hypochile about twice longer than wide or longer when spread out); ovate, strongly deflexed epichile provided with a central longitudinal thickening throughout its length (vs. erect or gently arcuate epichile with a thickening only at the apex); and apical anther beak truncate (vs. apical anther beak rounded). The strongly cymbiform hypochile that, when spread out is as wide as long, is unique in the genus. The differences between S. fasciculata, the new species, and other Peruvian species of Sarcoglottis are contrasted in a table. Sarcoglottis wernerherzogii is known from less than a dozen plants in two populations, both under nominal protection in the Machupicchu Historical Sanctuary and the Area of Conservación Regional Choquequirao, respectively. The status “DD” (data deficient) is suggested until an objective assessment of its risk status can be carried out.
Comparison of features elimination methods for geomagnetic data classification
Authors: Gainetdinova A. A. , Vorobev A. V.
Published: February 2024

The main stages of processing and feature selection methods for their further use in machine learning algorithms for building models that are designed to predict auroras are considered. The aim of this work is to compare the methods of feature selection when constructing a model for diagnosing the presence of auroras based on the intellectual analysis of geomagnetic data. Data from the Lovozero Observatory (LOZ) for nine years (2012–2020) were used as data for processing. A distinctive feature of the data is their heterogeneity: the set contains both categorical (binary and non-binary) and quantitative data. We consider such feature selection methods as principal component analysis, support vector machines, recursive feature elimination, and the Extra-Trees algorithm. The results of the study showed that the use of selected features based on the analysis in the projection of the principal components will overcome the curse of dimensionality, eliminate noise and reduce model overfitting.
Against the tide: Provision of psycho-social support to orphans in a rural primary school in Lesotho
Authors: Konyana Bokang D. , Matheolane Retselisitsoe
Published: February 2024

Even before the coronavirus disease (COVID-19), Lesotho had a significant number of orphans. However, the pandemic has caused an increase in the number of orphans, as some children have lost 1 or both parents or caregivers. Many of these orphans are of school-going age, strategically placing schools to meet their psycho-social needs. With this study we aimed to achieve 2 objectives: firstly, to assess how 1 primary school in rural Lesotho provided psycho-social support to orphaned learners during the COVID-19 pandemic, and secondly, to determine how such support was beneficial to the orphans. We used the social-ecological model of the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) as a theoretical framework and collected data through interviews with 17 purposively selected participants, including 1 principal, 8 guardians and 8 teachers. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse the data collected. The study revealed that teachers provided food packages, lay counselling, and referrals to spiritual counsellors to support orphaned learners. While learners benefited from the school’s psycho-social services, limited resources and skills posed challenges. We recommend developing comprehensive policies to address the psycho-social support needs of orphans.
Unlawful use of title and academic degrees
Authors: Glumińska-Pawlic Jadwiga , Zacharko Lidia
Published: February 2024

The aim of the article is to present the issue of unlawful use of a title or academic degree or a position that a person does not hold. Such an attitude – especially if it is presented by an academic teacher – should be subject to disciplinary liability for a disciplinary offence constituting an act that violates the dignity of this profession. All the more so because unlawful appropriation of a title that you do not have is a misdemeanor and punishable. Thus, it is difficult to agree with the widespread acceptance of such behavior and the permanent violation of public order and tranquility, guarded by Article 61 § 1 of the Code of Offenses, which is unfortunately not used in practice.
Juan de Hevia Bolaños y su Curia Filípica
Authors: Ramos Méndez Francisco
Published: February 2024

En 1603, dos años antes de la primera edición del Quijote, sin indicios premonitorios previos y fuera de los habituales círculos académicos, aparece publicada en Lima, entonces capital del próspero Virreinato del Perú, una obra titulada Curia Filípica. Trata de las diversas clases de juicios civiles y criminales, materias genuinas del derecho procesal. Está escrita en español y no en latín, y la firma un paisano, sin grado académico en jurisprudencia, que proclama ser natural de Oviedo. Así da comienzo la mayor aventura editorial de nuestra literatura jurídica histórica. El libro tiene un éxito fulminante, pues conoce nueve ediciones consecutivas. Ello anima al autor a publicar en 1617 otra obra que titula Laberinto de comercio terrestre y naval, que trata de las principales instituciones del derecho mercantil. Este nuevo texto también se prodiga de inmediato en cinco ediciones sucesivas, la última en latín. Tras la muerte del autor, en la más absoluta miseria, un avispado editor hermana las dos obras en un solo volumen, bajo el rótulo Primera y Segunda parte de la Curia Filípica. Y así se siguen sucediendo las ediciones en número de otras veinticuatro a lo largo de dos siglos. En la vorágine de esta orgía editorial, otros autores se dedican a comentar e ilustrar la obra del ilustre ovetense. En el presente opúsculo se documentan, en primer lugar, los datos conocidos y contrastados de la filiación del autor. Sucesivamente se recuerda de forma sumaria el contenido de ambas obras y, finalmente, se compila la historia editorial de las diversas ediciones, con las oportunas referencias bibliográficas. Ello aspira a poner en valor el legado de Juan de Hevia Bolaños, un asturiano orgulloso de sus orígenes, con ocasión del cuarto centenario de su fallecimiento.
Resiko Keterlambatan pada Pembangunan Gedung Delapan Lantai Menggunakan Metode Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)
Authors: Zulfiar M Heri , Fatimah Amaida Dewi
Published: February 2024

Abstrak Keterlambatan proyek kontruksi dapat diartikan bertambahnya waktu penyelesaian suatu proyek yang melebihi kontrak yang sudah ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penilaian risiko keterlambatan beserta upaya yang harus dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya keterlambatan proyek Pembangunan Gedung 8 Lantai. Metode yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu pengumpulan penilaian risiko keterlambatan dengan form yang dibuat berdasarkan WBS yang bersumber dari kurva S, serta wawancara responden mengenai upaya untuk menanggulangi risiko keterlambatan proyek tersebut. Penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa proyek Pembangunan ini memiliki nilai risiko skala rendah sebesar 3,7. Pada pekerjaan persiapan dengan nilai risiko sebesar 5,78(skala sedang). Pada pekerjaan struktur bawah dengan nilai risiko sebesar 3,7(skala rendah). Pada pekerjaan struktur atas dengan nilai risiko sebesar 4,04 (skala rendah). Pada pekerjaan finishing dengan nilai risiko sebesar 2,78 (skala rendah). Terakhir, pada pekerjaan elektrikal dengan nilai risiko 2,2 (skala rendah). Untuk kemungkinan kejadian tertinggi yaitu cuaca hujan saat pengecoran pelat lantai dan balok didapatkan upaya untuk mencegah terjadinya risiko keterlambatan proyek yaitu melakukan pekerjaan lainnya yang tidak terpengaruh cuaca dan melakukan lembur saat cuaca mendukung. Kata-kata kunci:  keterlambatan, risiko, upaya, proyek kontruksi, gedung. Abstract Construction project delays can be interpreted as increasing the time to complete a project that exceeds the existing contract. This study aims to assess the risk of delays along with the efforts that must be made to prevent delays in the building construction project, as well as interviews with respondents regarding efforts to overcome the risk of delays in the project. This study found that the building project had a low scale risk score of 3.7. In preparatory work with a risk value of 5.78 (medium scale). The lower structure work has a risk value of 3.7 (low scale). In superstructure work with a risk value of 4.04 (low scale). In finishing work with a risk value of 2.78 (low scale). Finally, on electrical work with a risk value of 2.2 (low scale). For the highest possible event, namely rainy weather when casting floor slabs and beams, efforts are made to prevent the risk of project delays, namely doing other work that is not affected by the weather and doing overtime when the weather supports it .  Keywords:  delay, risk, on, construction project, building
Change in the trend of diet and lifestyle patterns among Indian children during COVID-19 confinement: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Yangdol Padma , Kalra Namita , Tyagi Rishi , Khatri Amit , Khandelwal Deepak , Goyal Tavisha
Published: February 2024

Background: To assess the change in the trend of diet and lifestyle behaviours during the COVID-19 pandemic in children and their association with various COVID-19-related consequences.
Methods: A cross-sectional study that employed a structured 22-item questionnaire through teledentistry to 1500 children who previously visited the dental department of a tertiary hospital in Delhi. The dietary habits lifestyle changes (DHLC-COVID19) questionnaire, which was customized and validated for the study, and their COVID-19 related consequences were administered.
Results: A statistically significant decreased intake of certain types of foods, high-carbohydrate snacks with a lower trend in snacking frequency was observed in children during COVID-19. The study investigated the association of variation of food intake in children i.e., ‘no consumption’ and ‘decreased consumption’ in relation to family members who lost their job during COVID-19 and depicted significant relation w.r.t families who got infected, lost their life during COVID-19. Determinants of these perceived changes were examined in multivariable regression models, Chi-square test and Mc Nemar test. Moreover, a significant change in lifestyle behaviours was also observed in children during COVID-19. The comparison of weight assessment during COVID-19 and performing/ engaging in physical activity during the period depicted that there was a statistically significant difference in proportion (p<0.05).
Conclusions: This study provides evidence of the detrimental effects of COVID-19 be taken into consideration when developing and implementing public health policies to protect children's health both during and after the pandemic, especially among vulnerable youngsters on the social spectrum.
Excessive maternal iced-tea intake-reversible cause of premature ductus arteriosus constriction
Authors: Lopes Vilma , Pinho Joana , Vieira Beatriz , Rangel Maria A. , Carriço Ana , Vinhas António
Published: February 2024

Premature ductus arteriosus constriction is a rare entity associated with high neonatal morbidity and mortality. Most cases are idiopathic, with the major known cause being maternal use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Polyphenol-rich foods have been proven to have a deleterious fetal hemodynamic effect that can lead to premature ductal constriction. We report a case of a neonate diagnosed with premature ductal arteriosus closure, whose only risk factor was an excessive maternal intake of commercial iced-tea during pregnancy. The authors aim to raise awareness to the impact of polyphenol-rich food consumption on ductus arteriosus, since maternal dietary advice can have a major preventive role. Furthermore, a timely diagnosis and intervention can prevent significant morbidity and mortality.
Role of flowcytometry in atypical lymphocytosis
Authors: Kullar Rashan , Tripathi Preeti , Mishra Kundan , Venkatesan S. , Bhatia Jasvinder Kaur
Published: February 2024

Infectious mononucleosis (IM) is a benign condition defined by lymphomononuclear cell proliferation. Symptoms range from a vague constitutional syndrome to fever, rash, jaundice, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, and in rare cases, autoimmune hemolytic anemia. The viruses responsible for this syndrome are EBV (the most prevalent), CMV, HIV, Hepatitis virus, Adenovirus, and others. Because the virus mostly impacts lymphomononuclear cells and the reticuloendothelial system, it may trigger intense lymphoproliferation, leading to uncommon manifestations in peripheral smear. These can be misdiagnoses as leukemia/lymphoma. The clinical profile of a brief history, mild organomegaly, and peripheral smear morphology commonly overlaps. This pitfall in the diagnosis can lead to ineffective treatment. Immunophenotyping by flowcytometry or immunohistochemistry, a mono-spot test, and specific viral ag/ab assays are required for a correct diagnosis. Flowcytometry profiles are not always adequate to rule out neoplastic proliferations. We provide a case study of a young teenage boy who arrived with an abrupt history of low-grade fever, hepatosplenomegaly, cervical lymphadenopathy, elevated leukocyte count, and atypical lymphoid cells on peripheral smear. What was previously thought to be a hematological malignancy was discovered to be a self-limiting acute IM (CMV caused), and the patient was discharged after a brief course of treatment.
Role of intensive care in management of post-partum hemorrhage (PPH)
Authors: Chiwhane Yutheeka , Chiwhane Anjalee
Published: February 2024

The management of obstetric emergencies is a challenge and in most hospital setting the management in intensive care is ill-defined. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of obstetric emergency helps to give favorable outcome. In low resource setting, maternal care can be challenging as it faces lack of infrastructure facilities, specialist trained in intensive care, availability of drugs and equipment. Though early intervention is the need of hour there are delays in seeking healthcare due to lack of awareness, financial constraints, culture and beliefs. This article describes the approach to management of PPH in intensive care, defining clear transition from labor care to intensive care should occur.
Frequency and types of congenital uterine anomalies during caesarean section: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Patil Mridula , Patil Vrinda
Published: February 2024

: Congenital uterine anomalies are due to mal-development of the mullerian ducts. They can lead to adverse reproductive outcomes like recurrent miscarriage, preterm birth, foetal malpresentation and subfertility. Prevalence of congenital uterine anomalies is 5-7%.

To find the frequency and types of congenital uterine anomalies during caesarean section.

This is a prospective cohort study done at SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Dharwad, India from August 2020 to July 2021. 2932 women undergoing caesarean section participated in the study. The uterus was examined thoroughly. The type of uterine anomaly was noted.

: There were 22 cases of congenital uterine anomalies (CUAs) during caesarean section. Prevalence of CUA was 0.75%. There was increased incidence of miscarriage(27%), pre-eclampsia (31.8%), foetal malpresentation (31.8%), foetal growth restriction (9%) and preterm caesarean section (40.9%) among women with a uterine anomaly. Commonest type of CUA was unicornuate uterus (31.8%), followed by septate (27.2%), arcuate (22.7%) and bicornuate uterus (18.1%). Poorest outcomes were seen with septate and unicornuate uteri.

: Caesarean section provides an opportunity to diagnose congenital uterine anomalies. This information can be used to plan their future reproductive life. Exploring the uterus to look for uterine anomalies after delivery of the fetus and placenta has to be done and documented.
A multicentre, randomized, double blind, placebo controlled pilot study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of colloidal Nano silver gel (SilverSol) in the treatment of bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis and trichomoniasis
Authors: Mehta Anirudh , Dani Saurabh , Godbole Alaka
Published: February 2024

The study evaluated the efficacy and safety of colloidal nano silver gel (SilverSol Vagigel) (A patented technology from American Biotech Labs, USA) in combination with 0.2% lactic acid in the female subjects for the treatment of vaginal infections.

This study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study in which post-menarchal female subjects between 18 and 65 years of age clinically diagnosed with bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis were enrolled. The participants were randomized to receive treatment with SilverSol Vagigel or placebo (vehicle) gel (both treatments as one 4 gm application inserted into the vagina with an applicator device, once daily at bedtime for internal use and 2 gm gel for local application to the vulva and vagina for external use twice daily for a period of 14 days). The primary endpoint evaluated was the proportion of subjects achieving clinical cure. The secondary endpoint was the proportion of subjects achieving microbiological cure at the end of the study visit.

A total of 57 subjects were randomized in the study out of which 38 subjects were randomized in SilverSol Vagigel arm and 19 subjects were randomized in placebo arm. SilverSol Vagigel significantly improved cure rates of vaginal infections compared to placebo.

The proportion of subjects achieving clinical cure of vaginal infections was higher i.e., 33 (86.84%) subjects in SilverSol Vagigel arm compared to 07 (41.18%) subjects in Placebo gel arm (p-value: 0.0009). The clinical cure rate with SilverSol Vagigel was 81.82% (P=0.1758) for bacterial vaginosis and 92.59% (P=0.0010) for vulvovaginal candidiasis patients at the end of the study. Overall SilverSol Vagigel treatment resulted in a significantly higher microbial cure of vaginal infections (P=0.0028) compared to placebo, with a microbial cure rate of 100% for bacterial vaginosis (P=0.0330) and 85.19% for vulvovaginal candidiasis (P=0.0097). No adverse events were reported in subjects treated with SilverSol Vagigel.

Colloidal Nano Silver Gel (SilverSol Vagigel) was effective and safe in treating bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis.
Transvaginal sonographic diagnosis of caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Lad Shobha Lalit , Chourasia Chaya , Gulhane Pavan
Published: February 2024

We report a case of scar ectopic pregnancy which is the rarest type of all ectopic pregnancies. We need to diagnose & treat this condition in the early weeks of pregnancy to avoid the complication. This case of Caesarean scar ectopic pregnancy (CSEP) was diagnosed during an antenatal ultrasound scan, at six weeks of pregnancy. An ultrasound scan of this case revealed the gestation sac in the lower uterine segment at the previous caesarean scar.