bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Atmospheric Temperature on Epoxy Coating Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes for De-Icing on Road Systems
Authors: Lee Seung-Jun , Jung Yu-Jin , Cho Chunhee , Jang Sung-Hwan
Published: August 2023

Traffic accidents caused by road icing are a serious global problem, and conventional de-icing methods like spraying chemicals have several limitations, including excessive manpower management, road damage, and environmental pollution. In this study, the carbon nanotubes reinforced de-icing coating for the road system with a self-heating function was developed as part of the development of a new system to prevent accidents caused by road icing. The electrical characteristics of the fabricated coating were analyzed, and the carbon nanotube coating heating performance experiment was conducted to measure the temperature increments by applying a voltage to the coating at a sub-zero temperature using an environmental chamber. In addition, the coating was installed on the road pavement and the applicability was investigated through a heating test in winter. As a result of the experiment, the coating made with the higher carbon nanotube concentration presented higher heating owing to its higher electrical conductivity. In addition, the coating showed sufficient heating performance, although the maximum temperature by Joule heating decreased for the entire coating at sub-zero temperatures. Finally, field tests demonstrated the potential of electrically conductive coatings for de-icing applications.
Associations between Perinatal Sleepiness and Breastfeeding Intentions and Attitudes and Infant Feeding Behaviors and Beliefs
Authors: von Ash Tayla , Alikhani Anna , Sharkey Katherine M. , Solano Paola , Morales Aquino Melanie , Markham Risica Patricia
Published: August 2023

Breastfeeding rates fall short of public health goals, but barriers are poorly understood. We examined whether excessive sleepiness during pregnancy and the postpartum period was associated with breastfeeding intentions, attitudes, initiation, and continuation in a tobacco-exposed sample participating in a randomized controlled trial to reduce smoke exposure (n = 399). We used the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) to examine associations between excessive sleepiness in early (12–16 weeks gestation) and late (32 weeks gestation) pregnancy and at 6 months postpartum, with breastfeeding attitudes using the Mitra index, intentions, initiation, and continuation, as well as other infant feeding practices using the Infant Feeding Questionnaire. Logistic regression models adjusted for age, racial/ethnic identity, parity, marital status, and maternal education showed that excessive sleepiness in late pregnancy was associated with less favorable attitudes toward breastfeeding. In addition, in unadjusted models, excessive sleepiness at 6 months postpartum was associated with less of a tendency to use feeding to calm a fussy infant. Excessive sleepiness was not associated with intent, initiation, or continuation of breastfeeding. Assessing excessive sleepiness in late pregnancy may assist in identifying individuals with negative attitudes to breastfeeding and lead to novel approaches to promoting breastfeeding in populations with lower breastfeeding rates.
Women’s Autonomy and Anemia in Children under Five Years of Age: A Peruvian Population-Based Survey
Authors: Campos-Guerrero Rosa , Diaz-Molina Xiomara Genoveva , Vargas-Fernández Rodrigo , Azañedo Diego
Published: August 2023

To determine the association between women’s autonomy and the presence of childhood anemia in children under five years of age in Peru, a cross-sectional study utilizing data from the 2019 Demographic and Family Health Survey was carried out. The study employed generalized linear models with a Poisson distribution and log link function. Crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) were calculated, along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI), to assess the association of interest. A total of 15,815 women and their children under five years of age were analyzed. The prevalence of childhood anemia was 30.4% (95%CI: 29.5–31.3%), while the proportions of low, moderate and high autonomy of the mothers were 44.5%, 38.4% and 17.1%, respectively. Children under five years of age of women with a low level of autonomy were more likely to have anemia (aPR: 1.10; 95%CI: 1.00–1.21). Three out of ten children under five years of age suffer from anemia, and four out of ten mothers have a low level of autonomy. A low level of women’s autonomy was associated with a higher probability of anemia in children under 5 years of age.
Effect of Dietary Patterns on Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Machine Learning Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis
Authors: He Haodong , Liu Chuan , Chen Meilin , Guo Xingzhou , Li Xiangyun , Xiang Zixuan , Liao Fei , Dong Weiguo
Published: August 2023

Aims: This study aimed to analyze the related research on the influence of dietary patterns on IBD carried out over the past 30 years to obtain the context of the research field and to provide a scientific basis and guidance for the prevention and treatment of IBD. Methods: The literature on the effects of dietary patterns on inflammatory bowel disease published over the past three decades was retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. CiteSpace, VOSviewer, the R software (version 4.3.0) bibliometrix package, the OALM platform, and other tools were used for the analyses. Results: The growth of scientific papers related to this topic can be divided into two stages: before and after 2006. Overall, the growth of the relevant literature was in line with Price’s literature growth curve. Subrata Ghosh and Antonio Gasbarrini are the authors with the highest academic influence in the field, and Lee D.’s research results are widely recognized by researchers in this field. Among the 72 countries involved in the study, the United States contributed the most, while China developed rapidly with regard to research being carried out in this area. From a regional perspective, countries and institutions in North America, Europe, and East Asia have made the most significant contributions to this field and have the closest cooperation. Among the 1074 articles included in the study, the most influential ones tended to consider the mechanism of the effect of dietary patterns on IBD from the perspective of the microbiome. Multiple tools were used for keyword analysis and mutual verification. The results showed that NF-κB, the Mediterranean diet, fatty acids, fecal microbiota, etc., are the focus and trends of current research. Conclusions: A Mediterranean-like dietary pattern may be a good dietary habit for IBD patients. Carbohydrates, fatty acids, and inulin-type fructans are closely related to IBD. Fatty acid, gut microbiota, NF-κB, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress are the hot topics in the study of the effects of dietary patterns on IBD and will be emerging research trends.
Effects of Fasting on the Physiological and Psychological Responses in Middle-Aged Men
Authors: Stec Krzysztof , Pilis Karol , Pilis Wiesław , Dolibog Paweł , Letkiewicz Sławomir , Głębocka Alicja
Published: August 2023

Tracking changes in the body during fasting takes into account indicators of mental well-being and physiological parameters. The aim of the study was to measure psychological and physiological reactions, along with their mutual relations, caused by 8 days of water-only fasting. Fourteen men aged 35 to 60 participated in the study, divided into two groups, younger and elder. In addition to physiological parameters, psychological data were collected using four different tests. The obtained results confirmed reduction in body weight, systolic blood pressure, resting diastolic blood pressure and glucose level, and increase in resting heart rate, cortisol and β-hydroxybutyrate concentration. However, no significant psychological changes were observed under the influence of fasting intervention. A significant interaction effect occurred for the state anxiety variable determined before and after the fasting intervention for both groups. Moreover, negative correlations between physiological (cortisol) and psychological factors of subjectively assessed stress were revealed. The only effect on cognitive ability was seen when responding to simple tasks. The study confirmed the beneficial effect of 8 days of water-only fasting on physiological variables without affecting mental well-being. The relatively high level of well-being after fasting intervention was independent of the physiological indicators of stress.
Nutritional Behavior in European Countries during COVID-19 Pandemic—A Review
Authors: Wiśniewski Oskar Wojciech , Czyżniewski Bartłomiej , Żukiewicz-Sobczak Wioletta , Gibas-Dorna Magdalena
Published: August 2023

COVID-19 is highly linked with hyperinflammation and dysfunction of the immune cells. Studies have shown that adequate nutrition, a modifiable factor affecting immunity and limiting systemic inflammation, may play an adjunct role in combating the negative consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to the global lockdown conditions, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed, among others, to restrictions on fresh food availability and changes in lifestyle and eating behaviors. The aim of this paper was to review the data regarding eating habits in European countries within the general population of adults and some specific subpopulations, including obese, diabetic, and psychiatric patients, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The PubMed database and the official websites of medical organizations and associations were searched for the phrases “COVID” and “eating habits”. Papers regarding the pediatric population, non-European countries, presenting aggregated data from different countries worldwide, and reviews were excluded. During the COVID-19 pandemic, unhealthy lifestyles and eating behaviors were commonly reported. These included increased snacking, intake of caloric foods, such as sweets, pastries, and beverages, and a decline in physical activity. Data suggest that poor eating habits that create a positive energy balance have persisted over time as an additional post-COVID negative consequence.
Linking Metallic Micronutrients and Toxic Xenobiotics to Atherosclerosis and Fatty Liver Disease—Postmortem ICP-MS Analysis of Selected Human Tissues
Authors: Baj Jacek , Kowalska Beata , Barbachowska Aleksandra , Forma Alicja , Flieger Michał , Majerek Dariusz , Teresiński Grzegorz , Flieger Wojciech , Portincasa Piero , Buszewicz Grzegorz , Radzikowska-Büchner Elżbieta , Flieger Jolanta
Published: August 2023

Dyslipidaemia is a disorder of the lipid metabolism, caused mainly by poor eating habits. The most severe consequence of an inappropriate diet is the development of atherosclerosis and hepatic steatosis. It is generally believed that a change in nutrition, and increased physical activity can eliminate these health problems. The contemporary research and therapies used to treat dyslipidemia mainly focus on lowering the triglyceride and cholesterol levels. However, disturbances in trace element homeostasis or the accumulation of toxic elements can also affect physiological processes, and be involved in the development of metabolically mediated diseases. The present study aimed to determine the mineral profiles of liver and brain tissues collected at autopsy (n = 39) in groups of people with hepatic steatosis (n = 5), atherosclerosis (n = 9), hepatic steatosis, and atherosclerosis (n = 16), and others without the selected disorders (n = 9). Concentrations of 51 elements were analysed via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after the initial wet mineralisation of the samples with nitric acid. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the hepatic steatosis group suffers from a deficiency of important trace elements, such as copper, zinc, and molybdenum (p < 0.05), whereas the group with atherosclerosis is characterised by elevated levels of cadmium in the liver tissue (p = 0.01). Analysing the mean values of the element concentrations measured in 11 brain areas, statistically significant higher levels of calcium and copper (p < 0.001) were found in the atherosclerosis group, compared to the hepatic steatosis group, confirming the involvement of these elements in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In addition, an accumulation of cadmium, lead, titanium, and strontium in the brain tissue was observed in the atherosclerosis group. While the accumulation of individual elements differs in different parts of the brain, the differences in the cadmium content (p < 0.05) between the study groups apply to the whole brain, except for the nucleus accumbens septi area, where a statistically significant titanium accumulation occurs in the atherosclerosis and steatosis groups, compared to the others (p < 0.05). In addition, the disruption of elemental homeostasis in the brain of a single case with bipolar disorder, and a case with hip replacement was observed. Our results confirm the involvement of chemical elements in the pathogenesis of selected metabolic diseases, and the need for further studies in larger populations.
Exploring the Plasticity of Diet on Gut Microbiota and Its Correlation with Gut Health
Authors: Yao Siqi , Zhao Yiming , Chen Hao , Sun Ruizheng , Chen Liyu , Huang Jing , Yu Zheng , Chen Shuijiao
Published: August 2023

Dietary habits have been proven to help alter the composition of gut microbiota, and exploring the impact of nutritional patterns on gut microbiota changes can help protect gut health. However, few studies have focused on the dietary impact on the gut microbiota over an experimental timeframe. In this study, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was employed to investigate the gut microbiota of mice under different dietary patterns, including AIN-93G diet (Control), high protein diet (HPD), high fiber diet (HFD), and switch diet (Switch). The alpha diversity of the HPD group significantly decreased, but HFD can restore this decline. During HPD, some genera were significantly upregulated (e.g., Feacalibaculum) and downregulated (e.g., Parabacteroides). However, after receiving HFD, other genera were upregulated (e.g., Akkermansia) and downregulated (e.g., Lactobacillus). In addition, the interaction between pathogenic bacteria was more pronounced during HPD, while the main effect was probiotics during HFD. In conclusion, the plasticity exhibited by the gut microbiota was subject to dietary influences, wherein disparate dietary regimens hold pivotal significance in upholding the well-being of the host. Therefore, our findings provide new ideas and references for the relationship between diets and gut microbiota.
In Vitro Evaluation of Dental Resin Monomers, Triethylene Glycol Dimethacrylate (TEGDMA), and 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate (HEMA) in Primary Human Melanocytes: A Pilot Study
Authors: Goenka Shilpi
Published: August 2023

Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), two resin monomers often used in dental restorative materials, are leached due to insufficient polymerization and contact cells of the oral cavity. Despite reports on the cytotoxicity of these monomers on different oral cells, their effects on oral melanocytes remain unknown. This first report provides novel data on the impact of TEGDMA and HEMA monomers on melanocyte viability and functions by utilizing primary human melanocytes from lightly pigmented (HEMn-LP) foreskin as a representative model of oral melanocytes. Results show that TEGDMA induced higher cytotoxicity than HEMA and significant morphological alterations (increased dendricity) in melanocytes at the lowest concentration of 0.25 mM onwards. HEMA achieved similar effects but only at an 8-fold higher concentration (2 mM), while lower concentrations did not induce any change in cellular melanin or morphology. HEMA suppressed intracellular tyrosinase activity at 1 and 2 mM, while TEGDMA had no effect, although none of the monomers altered tyrosinase activity directly in an acellular system. TEGDMA and HEMA did not alter cellular ROS production. TEGDMA suppressed LPS-induced IL-6 cytokine secretion in cells to a greater degree than HEMA, indicating its greater capacity to dampen the immune response. Our findings demonstrate that TEGDMA and HEMA at different concentrations induce cytotoxicity to melanocytes, stimulate their dendricity and impair immune responses, indicative of altered melanocyte homeostasis. Furthermore, it is worth considering alternative monomers in light of the cytotoxicity exhibited by TEGDMA at lower millimolar concentrations compared to HEMA as well as its significant impact on melanocyte differentiation and immune function.
Locally Administered Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer Using Nano-Adhesive Photosensitizer
Authors: Komatsu Yoshiki , Yoshitomi Toru , Doan Van Thi Hong , Kurokawa Hiromi , Fujiwara Saori , Kawazoe Naoki , Chen Guoping , Matsui Hirofumi
Published: August 2023

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a great potential anti-tumor therapy owing to its non-invasiveness and high spatiotemporal selectivity. However, systemically administered photosensitizers diffuse in the skin and the eyes for a long duration, which cause phototoxicity to bright light and sunlight. Therefore, following PDT, patients must avoid exposure of to light and sunlight to avoid this phototoxicity. In this study, we have developed a locally administered PDT using nano-adhesive porphyrin with polycations consisting of quaternary ammonium salt groups (aHP) as a photosensitizer. The aHP, approximately 3.0 nm in diameter, adhered the negatively charged cell membrane via electrostatic interaction. The aHP localized to the endosome via cell adhesion and induced apoptosis upon 635 nm light irradiation. On being administered subcutaneously on the tumor, 30% of the injected aHP remained in the administered sites. However, low-molecular-weight hematoporphyrin dihydrochloride (HP) disappeared due to rapid diffusion. PDT with locally administered aHP showed a higher anti-tumor effect after light irradiation at 635 nm for three days compared to low-molecular-weight HP. Intraperitoneal administration of HP caused severe phototoxicity upon irradiation with ultraviolet A at 10 J cm−2, whereas aHP did not cause phototoxicity because its diffusion into the skin could be suppressed, probably due to the high-molecular weight of aHP. Therefore, locally administered PDT with aHP is a potential PDT having high therapeutic efficacy without phototoxicity.
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Enriched Hydrogels for Skin Topical Administration of Quercetin and Omega-3 Fatty Acid
Authors: Lúcio Marlene , Giannino Nicole , Barreira Sérgio , Catita José , Gonçalves Hugo , Ribeiro Artur , Fernandes Eduarda , Carvalho Isabel , Pinho Hugo , Cerqueira Fátima , Biondi Marco , Lopes Carla M.
Published: August 2023

Chronic skin exposure to external hostile agents (e.g., UV radiation, microorganisms, and oxidizing chemicals) may increase oxidative stress, causing skin damage and aging. Because of their well-known skincare and protective benefits, quercetin (Q) and omega-3 fatty acids (ω3) have attracted the attention of the dermocosmetic and pharmaceutical sectors. However, both bioactives have inherent properties that limit their efficient skin delivery. Therefore, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and enriched PFC® hydrogels (HGs) have been developed as a dual-approach vehicle for Q and/or ω3 skin topical administration to improve bioactives’ stability and skin permeation. Two NLC formulations were prepared with the same lipid composition but differing in surfactant composition (NLC1—soy lecithin and poloxamer 407; NLC2—Tween® 80 and dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS)), which have an impact on physicochemical properties and pharmaceutical and therapeutic performance. Despite both NLCs presenting high Q loading capacity, NLC2′s physicochemical properties make them more suitable for topical skin administration and ensure longer colloidal stability. Additionally, NLC2 demonstrated a more sustained Q release, indicating higher bioactive storage while improving permeability. The occlusive effect of NLCs-enriched HGs also has a positive impact on skin permeability. Q-loaded NLC2, with or without ω3, -enriched HGs demonstrated efficacy as antioxidant and photoprotective formulations as well as effective reduction in S. aureus growth, indicating that they constitute a promising approach for topical skin administration to prevent skin aging and other damaging cutaneous processes.
A Study on Pharmacokinetics of Acetylsalicylic Acid Mini-Tablets in Healthy Adult Males—Comparison with the Powder Formulation
Authors: Hida Noriko , Yamazaki Taigi , Fujita Yoshiaki , Noda Hidehiro , Sambe Takehiko , Ryu Kakei , Mizukami Takuya , Takenoshita Sachiko , Uchida Naoki , Nakamura Akihiro , Harada Tsutomu
Published: August 2023

Children with Kawasaki disease are prescribed acetylsalicylic acid powder as an antipyretic analgesic and antiplatelet agent; however, some of it remains in the mouth, leading to a bitter or sour taste. To address this issue, an in-hospital mini-tablet formulation of acetylsalicylic acid was developed. In order to use the mini-tablets safely and effectively, dissolution tests alone are not sufficient. Therefore, an open-label crossover study on six healthy participants was conducted to evaluate comparative pharmacokinetic parameters. The pharmacokinetic parameters of salicylic acid were Cmax: 4.80 ± 0.79 mg/L (powder; P), 5.03 ± 0.97 mg/L (mini-tablet; MT), AUC0–12: 18.0 ± 3.03 mg-h/L (P), 18.9 ± 4.59 mg-h/L (MT), those of acetylsalicylic acid Cmax: 0.50 ± 0.20 mg/L (P), 0.41 ± 0.24 mg/L (MT), AUC0–12: 0.71 ± 0.27 mg-h/L (P), 0.61 ± 0.36 mg-h/L (MT), with no significant differences between the mini-tablet and powder formulations. Although pharmacokinetic results obtained from adults cannot be directly applied to children, the results of this study are important for predicting pharmacokinetics. Furthermore, a formulation that can improve medication adherence in children who have difficulty taking acetylsalicylic acid powder, thus contributing to pediatric drug therapy.
BDNF Unveiled: Exploring Its Role in Major Depression Disorder Serotonergic Imbalance and Associated Stress Conditions
Authors: Correia Ana Salomé , Cardoso Armando , Vale Nuno
Published: August 2023

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that plays a significant role in the survival and development of neurons, being involved in several diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and major depression disorder. The association between BDNF and major depressive disorder is the subject of extensive research. Indeed, numerous studies indicate that decreased levels of BDNF are linked to an increased occurrence of depressive symptoms, neuronal loss, and cortical atrophy. Moreover, it has been observed that antidepressive therapy can help restore BDNF levels. In this review, we will focus on the role of BDNF in major depression disorder serotonergic imbalance and associated stress conditions, particularly hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation and oxidative stress. All of these features are highly connected to BDNF signaling pathways in the context of this disease, and exploring this topic will aim to advance our understanding of the disorder, improve diagnostic and treatment approaches, and potentially identify new therapeutic targets to alleviate the heavy burden of depression on society.
Why We Should Be Curious about Each Other
Authors: Bortolotti Lisa , Murphy-Hollies Kathleen
Published: August 2023

Is curiosity a virtue or a vice? Curiosity, as a disposition to attain new, worthwhile information, can manifest as an epistemic virtue. When the disposition to attain new information is not manifested virtuously, this is either because the agent lacks the appropriate motivation to attain the information or because the agent has poor judgement, seeking information that is not worthwhile or seeking information by inappropriate means. In the right circumstances, curiosity contributes to the agent’s excellence in character: it is appropriate to praise the agent for being curious, blame the agent for not being curious, and also prompt the agent to cultivate such curiosity, at least in some of the relevant contexts. We believe curiosity can also manifest as a moral virtue when it helps an interpreter view a speaker as an agent with a valuable perspective on the world. Especially in interactions where either there is a marked power imbalance between interpreter and speaker, or interpreter and speaker have identity beliefs that lead them to radically different worldviews, curiosity can help foster mutual understanding, and prevent the interpreter from dismissing, marginalizing, or pathologizing the speaker’s perspective.
A High-Sensitivity Bimetallic Grating-Coupled Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensor Based on Two-Dimensional Materials
Authors: Wang Hui , Tong Chenghao , Guo Xiaowan , Li Zhiqi , Shen Jian , Li Chaoyang
Published: August 2023

Optical biosensors based on grating-coupled surface plasmon resonance (GCSPR) technology are an important research topic in the field of bio-photonics. This paper presents a high-performance and high-sensitivity nanostructured bimetallic GCSPR sensor based on two-dimensional materials. When designing the sensor, the sensitivity, full width at half peak (FWHM) and dip strength of the absorption peak (DS) were considered comprehensively, and the comprehensive evaluation parameter FOM+ is defined by making improvements on the basis of figure of merit (FOM). The performance of the sensor can be judged more comprehensively. The performance of the sensor was further improved by optimizing the structure of the sensor. An ultra-thin gold layer was added on the surface of the silver-based GCSPR sensor, which solves the problem of the easy oxidation of silver metal. We tried to coat graphene oxide two-dimensional nanomaterials on the surface of the bimetallic sensor, and the sensitivity and FOM+ of the sensor reached 350 deg/RIU and 473.23, respectively. This is a great improvement compared with the GCSPR sensor in a previous study, and it can be improved at least 74.7%. This sensor can measure a variety of biological molecules and biological cells with high sensitivity and performance by detecting the change in the refractive index of the solution to be measured.
Optimization of Electron-Beam Evaporation Process Parameters for ZrN Thin Films by Plasma Treatment and Taguchi Method
Authors: Tien Chuen-Lin , Chiang Chun-Yu , Lin Shih-Chin
Published: August 2023

This study presents the optimal process parameters of zirconium nitride (ZrN) thin films prepared by ion-assisted deposition (IAD) technology combined with electron-beam evaporation based on plasma surface treatment and the Taguchi method. We use Minitab statistical software (Version 20.2.0) and L9 orthogonal array parameter design combined with the response surface method (RSM). The quadratic polynomial regression equation was optimized by the RSM. Based on the control factor screening test of the Taguchi method, we determined the most critical factor combination for the process and derived the optimized process parameters of the ZrN thin films. In the coating experiments, we successfully achieved the optimal combination of good refractive index, adequate residual stress, and lower surface roughness on B270 glass substrates. These results indicate that the optimized preparation process can simultaneously achieve several desirable properties, improving the performance and application of ZrN thin films. Furthermore, our research method not only reduces the number of experiments and costs but also improves the efficiency of research and development. By screening key factors and optimizing process parameters, we can find the best process parameter more rapidly, reduce the demand for expenses given materials and equipment costs, and contribute to improving the electron-beam evaporation process. According to the experimental results, it can be observed that under certain conditions, the properties of ZrN thin films reached optimal values. These results are highly useful for optimizing the process parameters of ZrN thin films and provide a basis for further improvement of the thin film properties.
Flexible BaTiO3-PDMS Capacitive Pressure Sensor of High Sensitivity with Gradient Micro-Structure by Laser Engraving and Molding
Authors: Li Jiayi , Chen Shangbi , Zhou Jingyu , Tang Lei , Jiang Chenkai , Zhang Dawei , Sheng Bin
Published: August 2023

The significant potential of flexible sensors in various fields such as human health, soft robotics, human–machine interaction, and electronic skin has garnered considerable attention. Capacitive pressure sensor is popular given their mechanical flexibility, high sensitivity, and signal stability. Enhancing the performance of capacitive sensors can be achieved through the utilization of gradient structures and high dielectric constant media. This study introduced a novel dielectric layer, employing the BaTiO3-PDMS material with a gradient micro-cones architecture (GMCA). The capacitive sensor was constructed by incorporating a dielectric layer GMCA, which was fabricated using laser engraved acrylic (PMMA) molds and flexible copper-foil/polyimide-tape electrodes. To examine its functionality, the prepared sensor was subjected to a pressure range of 0–50 KPa. Consequently, this sensor exhibited a remarkable sensitivity of up to 1.69 KPa−1 within the pressure range of 0–50 KPa, while maintaining high pressure-resolution across the entire pressure spectrum. Additionally, the pressure sensor demonstrated a rapid response time of 50 ms, low hysteresis of 0.81%, recovery time of 160 ms, and excellent cycling stability over 1000 cycles. The findings indicated that the GMCA pressure sensor, which utilized a gradient structure and BaTiO3-PDMS material, exhibited notable sensitivity and a broad linear pressure range. These results underscore the adaptability and viability of this technology, thereby facilitating enhanced flexibility in pressure sensors and fostering advancements in laser manufacturing and flexible devices for a wider array of potential applications.
Feasibility of Sustainable Asphalt Concrete Materials Utilizing Waste Plastic Aggregate, Epoxy Resin, and Magnesium-Based Additive
Authors: Lee Sang-Yum , Le Tri Ho Minh
Published: August 2023

This research addresses the urgent need for sustainable and durable asphalt mixtures by quantitatively investigating the effects of incorporating waste plastic aggregate (WPA) and magnesium-based additives. This study explores WPA content levels of 3%, 5%, and 7% wt of aggregate in combination with a fixed 3% wt epoxy resin content to the asphalt binder, supplemented with the 1.5% wt magnesium-based additive. The novelty of this research lies in its comprehensive analysis of various performance parameters, including deformation strength, indirect tensile strength (ITS), rut depth, and dynamic stability, to assess the impact of WPA, epoxy resin, and the magnesium-based additive on asphalt mixture properties. The results demonstrate significant improvements in key performance aspects with increasing WPA content. The WPA mixtures exhibit enhanced deformation strength, with values of 4.01, 3.7, and 3.32 MPa for 3, 5, and 7% wt WPA content, respectively, compared to the control mixture. Furthermore, the inclusion of WPA and epoxy resin, along with the magnesium-based additive, contributes to improved adhesion, cohesion, and resistance to stripping damage. Notably, the 7% wt WPA mixture showcases exceptional performance, characterized by a final rut depth of 2.66 mm and a dynamic stability of 7519 passes per millimeter, highlighting its superior rutting resistance and load-bearing capacity. This study also reveals the influence of WPA content on ITS and stiffness properties, with the 5% wt WPA mixture achieving an optimal balance between strength and stiffness. Overall, this research highlights the potential of incorporating WPA, epoxy resin, and magnesium-based additives in asphalt mixtures to enhance their performance and durability. By utilizing plastic waste materials and optimizing their combination with epoxy reinforcement, along with the innovative use of magnesium-based additive, the findings contribute to the development of sustainable infrastructure materials and pave the way for further advancements in the field.
Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions Characteristics and Emissions Reduction Measures of Animal Husbandry in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Cao Yingnan , Yang Xiaoxia , Yang Fang , Sun Ying , Wang Qianqian , Ren Futian , Nie Lei , Aodemu  , Feng Weiying
Published: August 2023

Global warming has had a profound impact on human life, with animal husbandry being a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions and playing a crucial role in the global greenhouse gas budget. Inner Mongolia is a major contributor to these emissions, making it vital to study the link between greenhouse gas emissions and animal husbandry in this region for the purpose of reducing emissions. In this study, the emissions of greenhouse gases (CH4, N2O, and CO2) from livestock and poultry breeding from 2010 to 2020 and the emissions of each city from 2020 were estimated, the emissions characteristics were analysed, and the low carbon emissions reduction technical measures were proposed. The results show that (1) the overall greenhouse gas emissions from 2010 to 2020 in Inner Mongolia showed a fluctuating trend; the main emissions sources were gastrointestinal fermentation and faecal management. The annual average CH4 emissions were 994,400 ta−1, and the annual average N2O emissions were 35,100 ta−1. (2) In 2020, the total emissions of each league city were 38.05 million t equivalent of CO2, and the emissions gradually decreased from east to west, with a significant emissions reduction potential. Based on these findings, this study also proposed technical measures for reducing carbon emissions, offering theoretical support to drive the industrial transformation and upgrading of the livestock industry, and promoting green economic development in Inner Mongolia as part of its carbon peaking and neutrality goals.
Calibration of Sensor Network for Outdoor Measurement of PM2.5 on High Wood-Heating Smoke in Temuco City
Authors: Muñoz Carlos , Huircan Juan , Jaramillo Francisco , Boso Álex
Published: August 2023

In order to ascertain the spatial and temporal changes in the air quality in Temuco City, Chile, we created and installed a network of inexpensive sensors to detect PM2.5 particulate matter. The 21 measurement points deployed were based on a low-cost Sensiron SPS30 sensor, complemented with temperature and humidity sensors, an Esp32 microcontroller card with LoRa and WiFi wireless communication interface, and a solar charging unit. The units were calibrated using an airtight combustion chamber with a Grimm 11-E as a reference unit. The calibration procedure fits the parameters of a calibration model to map the raw low-cost particle-material measurements into reliable calibrated values. The measurements showed that the concentrations of fine particulate material recorded in Temuco present a high temporal and spatial variability. In critical contamination episodes, pollution reaches values as high as 354 µg/m3, and at the same time, it reaches 50 µg/m3 in other parts of the city. The contamination episodes show a similar trend around the city, and the peaks are in the time interval from 07:00 PM to 1:00 AM. In the winter, this time of day coincides with when families are usually home and there are low temperatures outside.
Establishment and Verification of the Kinetics Model of Uranium Continuous Dissolution by Using Discrete Element Method
Authors: Li Tianchi , Liu Fang , Zhou Jia , Zuo Chen , Yan Taihong , Zheng Weifang
Published: August 2023

Continuous dissolution of spent fuel is indeed one of the key technologies that can significantly improve the efficiency and stability of spent fuel reprocessing. The China Institute of Atomic Energy designed a prototype rotary drum dissolver, and the dissolution behavior of UO2 pellets in the dissolver was calculated using the Discrete Element Method. A kinetic equation was established to model the dissolution behavior, considering variables such as temperature, nitric acid concentration, and stirring intensity. The calculations showed that complete pellet dissolution took about 10 h in the continuous reaction, compared to 6 h in the batch dissolution experiment due to the gradual decrease in nitric acid concentration. A 16 h continuous dissolution experiment confirmed the calculated results, with a deviation of 10.8% between the simulation and experiment in terms of the mass of dissolved pellets. It was also found that it takes approximately 30 h to reach equilibrium in the continuous rotary dissolver, with a nitric acid concentration of 2.8 mol/L and a uranium concentration of 243 g/L at equilibrium.
Kinetics and Mechanism of Electrochemical Reactions Occurring during the Chromium Electrodeposition from Electrolytes Based on Cr(III) Compounds: A Literature Review
Authors: Protsenko V. S.
Published: August 2023

A literature review was conducted to examine the current understanding of the kinetics and mechanism of electrochemical reactions occurring during the electrodeposition of chromium coatings from electrolytes based on trivalent chromium compounds. The research in this scientific field is crucial, as it addresses the pressing need for an alternative to chromium plating processes that rely on solutions containing highly toxic and harmful hexavalent chromium compounds. Numerous literature data on the kinetics and mechanism of the stepwise reduction process of Cr(III) complex ions were analyzed. The influence of various additives and surfactants on the reaction kinetics of the stepwise reduction of trivalent chromium ions was considered. Special attention was given to the kinetics of the stepwise discharge of trivalent chromium ions in ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents.
Frontiers in Global Mangrove Forest Monitoring
Authors: Giri Chandra
Published: August 2023

Enhanced spatial, spectral, thematic, and temporal resolution is imperative to optimize the monitoring of mangrove forests, ensuring their effective conservation and management as crucial global resources [...]
Review Analysis of Irrigation and Application of Remote Sensing in the Lower Mekong River Basin
Authors: Wang Guanghui , Bibi Sadia , Zhu Tingju , Tian Fuqiang , Olivares Marcelo A.
Published: August 2023

Irrigated agriculture is indispensable to the Lower Mekong River Basin (LMB), which ensures food security and provides livelihoods for tens of millions of people. Irrigation, agricultural production, hydropower and aquatic ecosystem health are intertwined in LMB, so it is necessary to adopt a holistic approach to analyze irrigation problems. Here, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of LMB irrigation. Bibliometric analysis is carried out to determine the characteristics and patterns of watershed irrigation literature, such as the importance of authors, affiliated institutions, and their distribution in China. Based on bibliometric analysis, research topics are determined for thematic review. Firstly, we investigated the factors that directly affect the demand and supply of irrigation water and associated crop yield impacts. Secondly, we analyzed the influence of water availability, land use and climate change on agricultural irrigation. Thirdly, we analyzed the adverse effects of improper irrigation management on the environment, such as flow pattern change, ecosystem deterioration and land subsidence caused by groundwater overexploitation. Fourthly, the time–space mismatch between water supply and demand has brought serious challenges to the comprehensive water resources management in cross-border river basins. In each specific application area, we sorted out the technologies in which remote sensing technology is used. We hope that this review will contribute to in-depth research and decision analysis of remote sensing technology in agricultural irrigation.
Water Dynamics Analysis in Karst Flood Areas Using Sentinel-1 Time Series
Authors: Breznik Jana , Oštir Krištof , Ivačič Matjaž , Rak Gašper
Published: August 2023

Studying karst water dynamics is challenging because of the often unknown underground flows. Therefore, studies of visible karst waters receive considerable research emphasis. Researchers are turning to various data sources, including remote sensing imagery, to study them. This research paper presents an assessment of a water bodies dataset, automatically detected from Sentinel-1 imagery, for karst flood research. Statistical and visual analyses were conducted to assess the reliability and effectiveness of the dataset. Spearman’s correlation coefficients were employed for statistical analysis to determine the degree of correlation between the areas of water bodies dataset and official water level data. Visual analyses involved the creation of heat maps based on the identified water areas, which were then compared to official flood maps, and the preparation of an analysis of historical flood events or results of hydrological and hydraulic modelling. Additionally, vegetation maps were produced to identify areas that lacked detection and complemented the heat maps. Statistical assessment showed a strong correlation (≥0.6) between the dataset and official water level data in smaller flood-prone areas with less complex inflow. Visual analyses using heat maps and vegetation maps effectively identified frequently flooded areas but had limitations in areas with dense vegetation. Comparisons with flood maps showed an important value of the dataset as an additional source of information for karst flood studies. This assessment highlights the dataset’s potential in combination with other data sources and modelling approaches.
A Geometric Approach towards Inverse Kinematics of Soft Extensible Pneumatic Actuators Intended for Trajectory Tracking
Authors: Keyvanara Mahboubeh , Goshtasbi Arman , Kuling Irene A.
Published: August 2023

Soft robots are interesting examples of hyper-redundancy in robotics. However, the nonlinear continuous dynamics of these robots and the use of hyper-elastic and visco-elastic materials make modeling these robots more complicated. This study presents a geometric inverse kinematics (IK) model for trajectory tracking of multi-segment extensible soft robots, where each segment of the soft actuator is geometrically approximated with a rigid links model to reduce the complexity. In this model, the links are connected with rotary and prismatic joints, which enable both the extension and rotation of the robot. Using optimization methods, the desired configuration variables of the soft actuator for the desired end-effector positions were obtained. Furthermore, the redundancy of the robot is applied for second task applications, such as tip angle control. The model’s performance was investigated through kinematics and dynamics simulations and numerical benchmarks on multi-segment soft robots. The results showed lower computational costs and higher accuracy compared to most existing models. The method is easy to apply to multi-segment soft robots in both 2D and 3D, and it was experimentally validated on 3D-printed soft robotic manipulators. The results demonstrated the high accuracy in path following using this technique.
Small Object Detection and Tracking: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Mirzaei Behzad , Nezamabadi-pour Hossein , Raoof Amir , Derakhshani Reza
Published: August 2023

Object detection and tracking are vital in computer vision and visual surveillance, allowing for the detection, recognition, and subsequent tracking of objects within images or video sequences. These tasks underpin surveillance systems, facilitating automatic video annotation, identification of significant events, and detection of abnormal activities. However, detecting and tracking small objects introduce significant challenges within computer vision due to their subtle appearance and limited distinguishing features, which results in a scarcity of crucial information. This deficit complicates the tracking process, often leading to diminished efficiency and accuracy. To shed light on the intricacies of small object detection and tracking, we undertook a comprehensive review of the existing methods in this area, categorizing them from various perspectives. We also presented an overview of available datasets specifically curated for small object detection and tracking, aiming to inform and benefit future research in this domain. We further delineated the most widely used evaluation metrics for assessing the performance of small object detection and tracking techniques. Finally, we examined the present challenges within this field and discussed prospective future trends. By tackling these issues and leveraging upcoming trends, we aim to push forward the boundaries in small object detection and tracking, thereby augmenting the functionality of surveillance systems and broadening their real-world applicability.
Comparison Research on Characterization and Evaluation Approaches for Paint Coated Corrosion Using Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography
Authors: Xue Chao , Zhang Yinqiang , Ding Song , Song Cheng , Wang Yiqing
Published: August 2023

Paint coated corrosion detection and evaluation is a big challenge for steel performance and structure health. Eddy current pulsed thermography (ECPT) technique is investigated because it can reflect the corrosion physical properties through paint coating by the infrared signal. This paper proposes skewness method, which presents the feature of temperature curve’s shape automatically, and compares it with principal component analysis (PCA), phase analysis, and kurtosis feature extraction methods for paint coated corrosion characterization and evaluation. The averaged skewness shows the best sensitivity for 0–6 months corrosion. The normalized second principal component (PC) presents good sensitivity and the best measurement scale for corroded time. Furthermore, the temperature curve analysis proves that the electrical conductivity dominates the induced heating and heat distribution. The corrosion height is utilized to explain why ECPT technique is valid within 10 months corroded time. ECPT technique is proved as a smart sensor system for paint coated corrosion detection and characterization.
Zero-Shot Neural Decoding with Semi-Supervised Multi-View Embedding
Authors: Akamatsu Yusuke , Maeda Keisuke , Ogawa Takahiro , Haseyama Miki
Published: August 2023

Zero-shot neural decoding aims to decode image categories, which were not previously trained, from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) activity evoked when a person views images. However, having insufficient training data due to the difficulty in collecting fMRI data causes poor generalization capability. Thus, models suffer from the projection domain shift problem when novel target categories are decoded. In this paper, we propose a zero-shot neural decoding approach with semi-supervised multi-view embedding. We introduce the semi-supervised approach that utilizes additional images related to the target categories without fMRI activity patterns. Furthermore, we project fMRI activity patterns into a multi-view embedding space, i.e., visual and semantic feature spaces of viewed images to effectively exploit the complementary information. We define several source and target groups whose image categories are very different and verify the zero-shot neural decoding performance. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach rectifies the projection domain shift problem and outperforms existing methods.