bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entomopathogenic fungi, Hirsutella thompsonii F.E. Fisher Safe Mycoacaricide for the Management of Coconut Mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer in Thailand.
Authors: Jampameung Nattaya , Arikit Siwaret , Sanguansub Sunisa , Buttachon Suradet
Published: October 2024

Aceria guerreronis Keifer (Acari: Eriophyidae) is a phytophagous mite that is one of the serious pests of coconut fruits worldwide. Chemical controls have been and continue to be the primary means of control. Because pesticide compatibility with natural enemies is a major concern for IPM systems. The aim of this study was to explore the contact toxicity and egg hatching inhibition of conidia suspension and crude ethyl acetate extract of Hirsutella thompsonii F.E. Fisher against adults and eggs of A. guerreronis Keifer. The results indicated that six isolates of H. thompsonii F.E. Fisher were evaluated for their pathogenicity against eggs and adults of the coconut mite (A. guerreronis Keifer), and H. thompsonii F.E. Fisher TBRC 6805 and TBRC 6933 resulted in the highest mortality (100%) on the 3rd day post-inoculation (DPI). The crude ethyl acetate extracts 5% (w/v) of H. thompsonii F.E. Fisher isolates TBRC-BCC 13865 showed the highest mortality to eggs (92%) and adults (98%) of A. guerreronis Keifer, and the LC50 value was 2.629% (eggs) and 1.704% (adults) after 72 h posttreatment. This study shows that H. thompsonii F.E. Fisher, a fungus well known for controlling biotic stress brought on by insect pests, can also have potential for the development of novel bioacaricides to control A. guerreronis Keifer in an integrated pest management program.
24-Hour Movement Behaviors of LGBTQA+ Young People: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fortnum Kathryn , Gomersall Sjaan R. , Ross Megan H. , Woodforde James , Thomas George , Wen Yu-Shu , Perales Francisco , Stylianou Michalis
Published: October 2024

Background: The movement behaviors of LGBTQA+ young people, who encounter specific health, and other, challenges are not well understood. This systematic review examines the 24-hour movement behaviors of LGBTQA+ young people compared with population estimates of meeting the 24-hour movement guidelines. Methods: Seven electronic databases were searched from inception to January 2024. Observational studies published in English and reporting quantitative data for physical activity, sedentary behavior, or sleep duration for LGBTQA+ individuals <24 years old were included. Data were narratively synthesized for children/adolescents (<18 years) and young adults (18–24 years), guided by the Cochrane Synthesis Without Meta-analysis guidelines. Results: Fifty-six studies were included; 46 were of “fair” quality and 37 were conducted in the United States. Physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep outcomes were reported in 46, 11, and 14 studies, respectively. Ninety unique LGBTQA+ terms were identified. Based on outcomes reported in ≥1 study, and compared to population estimates, LGBTQA+ young people were less likely to meet aerobic physical activity and strength/resistance training guidelines. LGBTQA+ children/adolescents were less likely to meet the sleep guidelines. Young adults demonstrated similar adherence to sleep guidelines as population estimates. Conclusions: Overall, our results suggest that LGBTQA+ young people have suboptimal 24-hour movement behaviors; in some cases, worse than population estimates. Utilization of more robust measures of exposure and outcome variables is recommended, with a focus on sleep and sedentary behavior.
Can letrozole be repurposed for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis?
Authors: Ribeiro Juliana Martins , Teixeira Eliane de Morais , Alves Líndicy Leidicy , Alves Érica Alessandra Rocha , Pascoal-Xavier Marcelo Antônio , Santi Ana Maria Murta , Oliveira Edward , Guimarães Pedro Pires Goulart , Teixeira-Carvalho Andrea , Murta Silvane Maria Fonseca , Peruhype-Magalhães Vanessa , Souza-Fagundes Elaine Maria
Published: October 2024

Visceral leishmaniasis, caused by
Leishmania infantum
in New World countries, is the most serious and potentially fatal form of leishmaniasis, if left untreated. There are currently no effective prophylactic measures, and therapeutic options are limited. Therefore, we investigated whether the aromatase inhibitor letrozole (LET), which is already used to treat breast cancer, has an antileishmanial activity and/or immunomodulatory potential and therefore may be used to treat
L. infantum
infection. LET was active against
L. infantum
promastigote and amastigote life cycle stages in an i
n vitro
infection model using human THP-1 cell-derived macrophages. In human peripheral blood leukocytes
ex vivo
, LET reduced the internalized forms of
L. infantum
by classical monocytes and activated neutrophils. Concomitantly, LET stimulated the production of IL-12/TNF-α and decreased the production of IL-10/TGF-β by peripheral blood phagocytes, while in T and B cells, it promoted the production of TNF-α/IFN-γ and decreased that of IL-10. In a murine infection model, LET significantly reduced the parasite load in the liver after just 5 days and in the spleen after 15 days. During
in vivo
treatment with LET, the production of TNF-α/IFN-γ also increased. In addition, the proportion of developing granulomas decreased and that of mature granulomas increased in the liver, while there was no significant change in organ architecture in the spleen. Based on these data, repositioning of LET may be promising for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in humans.
Excellent anti-mildew effect of essential oil impregnation on sliced veneer plybamboo and its anti-mildew mechanism
Authors: Bao Qichao , Shan Yingying , Yang Fei , Zhu Jiawei , Du Chungui , Wang Yuting , Shao Yuran , Liu Chunlin , Chen Shiqin , Ran Ying , Yin Wenxiu
Published: October 2024

Sliced bamboo veneer used as a high-end decoration material is a highly innovative material for the deep processing of bamboo. However, bamboo is rich in starch and small molecular soluble sugars, making it susceptible to mildew infection and limiting the wide application of sliced veneer plybamboo. Spice essential oils are considered green and safe antimildew agents, which are cheap and accessible. The natural phenolic substances in plant essential oil have a good inhibitory effect on bamboo mildew. In this study, three types of spice essential oils (clove essential oil, oregano essential oil, and fennel essential oil) were employed, and their antifungal activity against bamboo mildews was assessed using the Oxford cup method, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and a micro pH meter. The results demonstrated that the diameters of the Inhibition Zone against four common bamboo mildews (AN
, Aspergillus niger;
TV
, Trichoderma viride;
PC,
Penicillium citrinum
; MM, Mixed Mildews) caused by clove essential oil were 25.68 mm, 23.22 mm, 30.68 mm, and 25.43 mm, respectively. As an explanation, clove essential oil can inhibit or eliminate mildew by damaging and disrupting the cell membrane of the bamboo mildew, leading to significant shrinkage, distortion, surface roughness, formation of holes, or partial structural cracks in the mildew’s mycelium. Additionally, it may interfere with and disrupt the pH balance of the intracellular and extracellular fluids within the cell. Furthermore, we also report that sliced veneer plybamboo impregnated with clove essential oil on each layer showed fine inhibition rates of 50%, 75%, 100%, and 25% against AN, TV, PC, and MM, respectively. This research underscores a sustainable approach to mildew prevention, crucial for advancing bamboo’s utilization in high-value furniture decor applications.

IMPORTANCE

Mildew growth in sliced veneer plybamboo poses a significant challenge, particularly in its use for high-end furniture and decor. Traditionally, chemical treatments have been the primary solution though they often raise environmental concerns. Essential oils, with their well-documented antimicrobial properties, have emerged as an important natural and eco-friendly alternative for preventing mildew. These oils inhibit mildew growth effectively while offering a sustainable, non-toxic solution that reduces harm to both the environment and human health. By leveraging essential oils, it becomes possible to extend the lifespan of bamboo products, making them more durable and suitable for broader applications in furniture and decor, all while addressing the ecological limitations of conventional mildew prevention methods.
Premedication for less invasive surfactant administration: a narrative review
Authors: Murphy Claire A , Goss Kevin CW , Slater Rebeccah , Ojha Shalini , Dargaville Peter A , Gale Chris
Published: October 2024

Less invasive surfactant administration (LISA) is an increasingly popular technique to deliver surfactant to spontaneously breathing preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome. The optimal method of alleviating the pain and discomfort associated with LISA, either pharmacological or non-pharmacological, while maintaining spontaneous respiration remains unclear. There is limited evidence to guide clinicians, resulting in wide variations in practice. The aim of this article is to summarise the current knowledge and evidence gaps regarding the use of premedication prior to LISA.
Association between early pulmonary arterial pressure measurements and bronchopulmonary dysplasia or mortality in very preterm infants: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Akin Mustafa Senol , Kas Gökce , Aydin Emre , Cetinkaya Aslıhan Kose , Ece Ibrahim , Sari Fatma Nur , Alyamac Dizdar Evrim
Published: October 2024

Background

Prematurity is a significant risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia related pulmonary artery pressure.

Objective

To determine the association between pulmonary artery pressure in the early days of life and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia or mortality.

Methods

This prospective observational cohort study included infants born at <32 weeks and weighing <1500 g. Pulmonary artery pressure was measured between postnatal days 3 and 7. Pulmonary hypertension was defined as systolic pulmonary artery pressure ≥40 mm Hg or systolic pulmonary artery pressure/systolic blood pressure >0.5 (pulmonary hypertension criterion-1). Infants were categorised into pulmonary hypertension and non-pulmonary hypertension groups. The primary endpoint was bronchopulmonary dysplasia or mortality. Receiver operating characteristic analysis established a new threshold value for predicting bronchopulmonary dysplasia or mortality (pulmonary hypertension criterion-2). Infants were reanalysed according to new criteria.

Results

A total of 329 infants were included in this study. Moderate-to-severe pulmonary hypertension was identified in 24% (n=79) of the infants. The pulmonary hypertension group exhibited a significantly lower gestational age, lower birth weight and a higher incidence of small for gestational age. Systolic pulmonary artery pressure >25 mm Hg or systolic pulmonary artery pressure/systolic blood pressure >0.35 was defined as the pulmonary hypertension criterion-2. Logistic regression analysis identified pulmonary hypertension criterion-2 as an independent risk factor for moderate-to-severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia or mortality (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.51, p<0.01).

Conclusion

Pulmonary artery pressure exceeding 25 mm Hg in the early days of life may be considered a potential risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia or mortality.
Tale of quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength after ACL reconstruction: a systematic review with longitudinal and multivariate meta-analysis
Authors: Girdwood Michael , Culvenor Adam G , Rio Ebonie K , Patterson Brooke E , Haberfield Melissa , Couch Jamon , Mentiplay Benjamin , Hedger Michael , Crossley Kay M
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to investigate how knee extensor and flexor strength change over time after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Design

Systematic review with longitudinal meta-analysis.

Data sources

Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL and SPORTDiscus to 28 February 2023.

Eligibility criteria

Studies of primary ACLR (n≥50), with mean participant age 18–40 years, reporting a quantitative measure of knee extensor or flexor strength were eligible. Muscle strength had to be reported for the ACL limb and compared with: (1) the contralateral limb (within-person); and/or (2) an uninjured control limb (between-person).

Results

We included 232 studies of 34 220 participants. Knee extensor and flexor strength showed sharp initial improvement postoperatively before tailing off at approximately 12–18 months post surgery with minimal change thereafter. Knee extensor strength was reduced by more than 10% compared with the contralateral limb and approximately 20% compared with uninjured controls at 1 year for slow concentric, fast concentric and isometric contractions. Knee flexor strength showed smaller deficits but was still 5%–7% lower than the contralateral limb at 1 year for slow concentric, fast concentric and isometric contractions. Between-person comparisons showed larger deficits than within-person comparisons.

Conclusion

Knee extensor muscle strength is meaningfully reduced (>10%) at 1 year, with limited improvement after this time up to and beyond 5 years post surgery. Many people likely experience persistent and potentially long-term strength deficits after ACLR. Comparison within person (to the contralateral limb) likely underestimates strength deficits in contrast to uninjured controls.
Overdose as a complex contagion: modelling the community spread of overdose events following law enforcement efforts to disrupt the drug market
Authors: Humphrey Jamie L , Schwab Clyde , Richardson Nicholas J , Lambdin Barrot H , Kral Alex H , Ray Bradley
Published: October 2024

Background

The opioid overdose mortality crisis in the USA is an ongoing public health epidemic. Ongoing law enforcement strategies to disrupt local unregulated drug markets can have an iatrogenic effect of increasing overdose by driving consumers towards new suppliers with unpredictable drug products of unknown potency.

Methods

Cross-sectional study using point-level information on law enforcement opioid-related drug seizures from property room data, opioid-related non-fatal overdose events from emergency medical services and block group-level social determinants of health data from multiple sources. Using an endemic-epidemic spatiotemporal regression model, we estimated the degree to which exposure to drug supply disruptions triggers future overdose events within small space-time distances in Indianapolis, Indiana.

Results

Neighbourhoods with more structural racism, economic deprivation or urban blight were associated with higher rates of non-fatal overdose. Exposure to an opioid-related drug seizure event had a significant and positive effect on the epidemic probability of non-fatal overdose. An opioid seizure that occurred within 250 m and 3 days, 250 m and 7 days, and 250 m and 14 days of an overdose event increased the risk of a new non-fatal overdose by 2.62 (rate ratio (RR)=2.62, 95% CI 1.87 to 3.67), 2.17 (RR=2.17, 95% CI 1.87 to 2.59) and 1.83 (RR=1.83, 95% CI 1.66 to 2.02), respectively. Similar spatiotemporal patterns were observed in a smaller spatial bandwidth.

Conclusions

Results demonstrated that overdoses exhibit a community spread process, which is exacerbated following law enforcement strategies to disrupt the unregulated drug market. We discuss decriminalisation and increasing resources that promote safer drug use to combat this public health crisis.
Effect of same-sex marriage legalisation on the health of ethnic minority lesbian, gay and bisexual people: a quasi-experimental study
Authors: Bai Yihong , Kim Chungah , Chum Antony
Published: October 2024

Background

The UK legalised same-sex marriage in 2014. We examine whether same-sex marriage legalisation (SSML), an exogenous policy change, affected the health outcomes among ethnic minority lesbian, gay, bisexual and other (LGB+) individuals.

Methods

Using the UK Household Longitudinal Survey, we applied the Callaway and Sant’Anna difference-in-differences to compare physical and mental health across (a) ethnic LGB+ individuals (treatment group), (b) ethnic heterosexual individuals (control group 1) and (c) British white LGB+ individual (control group 2). The study cohort (n=7054) comprised individuals aged 16+ years at baseline in 2011, and were employed in the study period (2011–2019). The outcomes included physical component scores from the short-form 12 health survey (physical component score (PCS-12)), long-standing illnesses and psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire (GHQ)).

Results

After SSML, the PCS-12 among the ethnic LGB+ individuals improved significantly compared with both ethnic heterosexuals and British white LGB+ individuals (2.081, 95% CI 0.487 to 3.675). While no clear patterns were found for long-standing illnesses, the GHQ in the treatment group had modest decreases relative to ethnic heterosexuals, and relative to British white LGB+ individuals, by year 2 after SSML.

Conclusion

SSML in the UK led to improved physical functioning and reduced psychological distress in ethnic minority LGB+ individuals. Our study shows that ethnic LGB+ individuals may derive even greater health benefits than British white LGB+ people, providing evidence that SSML may help address racial health inequalities within LGB+ communities. As countries worldwide consider legalising same-sex marriage, it is imperative for policymakers to consider the health consequences for sexual and ethnic minorities.
Some analytic and geometric aspects of weighted p-Laplacian on smooth metric measure spaces
Authors: Dung Ha Tuan , Do Anh Xuan , Dung Nguyen Thac
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we generalize the well-known Kelvin–Nevanlinna–Royden criterion to check the [Formula: see text]-hyperbolicity of the class of weighted manifolds for any [Formula: see text]. Besides, we introduce a new definition of a weighted cohomology and use it to derive a cohomological criterion for the weighted [Formula: see text]-parabolicity. As a result, we acquire a global comparison principle for the weighted [Formula: see text]-Laplacian and also receive a Liouville-type result for weighted [Formula: see text]-harmonic functions. Moreover, we give a decay estimate for the weighted [Formula: see text]-Laplacian on smooth metric measure spaces. Some applications to study the weighted [Formula: see text]-parabolicity and [Formula: see text]-minimal hypersurfaces are also given.
A pedagogical introduction to restricted Schur polynomials with applications to heavy operators
Authors: de Mello Koch Robert , Kim Minkyoo , Larweh Mahu Augustine
Published: October 2024

Recent advances in the study of microstates for [Formula: see text]-BPS black holes have inspired renewed interest in the analysis of heavy operators. For these operators, traditional techniques that work effectively in the planar limit are no longer applicable. Methods that are sensitive to finite N effects are required. In particular, trace relations that connect different multi-trace operators must be carefully considered. A powerful approach to tackling this challenge, which utilizes the representation theory of the symmetric group, is provided by restricted Schur polynomials. In this paper, we develop these methods with the goal of providing the background needed for their application to [Formula: see text]-BPS black holes.
Measurement of heavy-flavor electron production in Au+Au collisions at sNN=54.4GeV at STAR
Authors: Prozorova Veronika
Published: October 2024

Studying heavy-flavor production in high-energy heavy-ion collisions (HIC) can enhance our comprehension of parton interactions with the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in these collisions. Due to their significant mass, heavy quarks (charm and bottom) are mainly generated during the initial phase of HIC when hard scatterings are prevalent, and experience the entire evolution of the QGP. One way to study heavy quarks is through the measurement of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decay, heavy-flavor electrons (HFE). In this contribution, we present the analysis of HFE at low transverse momentum ([Formula: see text]) in Au+Au collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV using data taken in 2017 by the STAR experiment. The strong HFE suppression was already observed in the central Au+Au collisions at [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]GeV. Measuring heavy-flavor quark nuclear modification factors below the RHIC top energy offers new insights on the in-medium energy loss, especially the collisional energy loss which is dominant at low [Formula: see text].
Physical time for the beginning universe
Authors: Wetterich Christof
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we propose that physical time is based on counting the oscillations of wave functions. The discrete counting of the ticks of these clocks does not depend on the metric frame. It remains well defined for the beginning epochs of the universe. The photon clock counts the oscillations of electromagnetic plane waves in the cosmic reference frame. It can be gauged with clocks for other massless or massive particles. These equivalent clocks form a clock system which defines a common universal continuous physical time. For the photon clock, this physical time coincides with conformal time. The universe is eternal toward the past for typical models of inflationary cosmology — the photon clock ticks an infinite number of times. We compare the photon clock system to geodesic physical time, which is a frame invariant generalization of proper time.
Ayón–Beato–García black hole coupled with a cloud of strings: Thermodynamics, shadows and quasinormal modes
Authors: Kumar Amit , Singh Dharm Veer , Upadhyay Sudhaker
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we find an exact black hole solution for the Einstein gravity in the presence of Ayón–Beato–García nonlinear electrodynamics and a cloud of strings. The resulting black hole solution is singular, and the solution becomes nonsingular when gravity is coupled with Ayón–Beato–García nonlinear electrodynamics only. This solution interpolates between Ayón–Beato–García black hole, Letelier black hole and Schwarzschild black hole in the absence of cloud of strings parameter, magnetic monopole charge and both of them, respectively. We also discuss the thermal properties of this black hole and find that the solution follows the modified first law of black hole thermodynamics. Furthermore, we estimate the solution’s black hole shadow and quasinormal modes.
Noise as a probe for Majorana bound states
Authors: Al Dajani Saleem , Soller Henning
Published: October 2024

The emergence of Majorana fermion bound states has been studied in several environments. In this paper, we discuss the current-voltage characteristics of a Majorana fermion state as a function of the voltage, temperature, and magnetic field and compare the results to experiment. Based on the agreement and identified parameters, we calculate the noise as possible proof of the emergence of Majorana fermions.
A Study on Cu Decorated Anodic TiO2 Nanotubes for Non-Enzymatic Glucose Sensing and Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Application
Authors: Gousiya Bhanu Ganganapalli , M. P. Niharika , Garlapally Raghavendra , Rao B. Manmadha
Published: October 2024

Free-standing, surface-modified TiO2 nanotubes(TNTs) decorated with copper nanostructures have been extensively studied as promising materials for their application in biosensing and photo-electrochemical splitting of water. Here, the TNTs are prepared by electrochemical anodization followed by modification with copper nanostructures via UV-assisted photo-reduction technique. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the structural and morphological properties of the TNTs, along with their tubular architecture and mixed-phase composition of Anatase-Rutile. Energy-dispersive spectroscopic analysis verified the successful deposition of copper. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy revealed an electronic band gap of 3.2 eV. The copper-modified TNTs showed an enhanced sensitivity in the sensing of glucose to the tune of 0.52 mA mM−1 cm−2 with a high linear range of 0.5 to 7 mM and showed superior selectivity against interferents. It was found that the modified TNTs exhibited a higher photocurrent response of 1.09 mA cm−2 compared with pristine TNTs (0.69 mA cm−2). These findings indicate the promising potential of copper-modified TNTs for continuous glucose monitoring and photo-electrochemical applications.
Association Between Pleurotus ostreatus Consumption and More Optimal Sports Performance: A Narrative Review
Authors: Parnian-Khajehdizaj Nazila , Mainer Pardos Elena , Machek Steven B. , Nobari Hadi
Published: October 2024

In the past few years, much research has been conducted on edible mushrooms, among which Pleurotus ostreatus (PO)—also known as oyster mushrooms—has received attention due to its many health and medicinal benefits. Some research has shown that PO and its active compounds, such as lectins, polysaccharides, primarily β‐glucans, phenols, polyphenols, terpenoids, ergosterols, and glycoproteins, are strong immune system modulators, have anti‐inflammatory properties, and have potentially positive effects on the cardiovascular system and athletic performance. In this narrative review, an extensive search (academic databases from inception to April 25, 2024) was conducted in the scientific literature, and various aspects of PO and its effects on health and athletic performance were investigated. This narrative review article thereby demonstrates the potential benefits of PO for improving the overall baseline health and concomitant athletic sports performance, recovery, and cardiovascular system function. In addition to potential enhancements in antioxidant defense, substrate metabolism, and being a rich source of many essential nutrients, we describe a possible positive relationship between PO intake and improved athletic performance and recovery in athletes after intense exercise by reducing inflammation, modulating the microbiome, neutralizing free radicals, and strengthening the cardiovascular system. However, more research in basic studies and clinical trials is needed to investigate PO’s clinical applications, mechanisms, and effects on athletes.
Suspension Conversion Technology of New‐Generation Manned Spacecraft
Authors: Wang Yongbin , Liu Huan , Wu Shiqing , Wang Qi , Lei Jiangli , Jia He , Yin Sha , Zhang Zijian
Published: October 2024

The new‐generation manned spacecraft employs a new recovery system of parachutes and airbags. In order to realize the effective cushion of the return capsule airbag, the conversion of the single‐point hanging to the double points for the spacecraft is necessary. In the conversion process, the long hanging rope and the height of the return capsule will cause a large impact and disturbance to the cabin, but the traditional dynamic modeling method is not suitable for those with complex boundary conditions. In order to solve these problems, a finite element model is proposed to analyze the suspension conversion process and simplify the parachute model based on the aerodynamic load dynamic matching control method to analyze the dynamic response characteristics, such as overload, speed, and force of the cabin, quantifying the conditions of the rope in the process. Results are generally consistent with experimental data. This study provides guidance for future optimization work and will greatly support the safe‐return technology of the new‐generation manned spacecraft.
Generalized Fractional (ρ, k, φ)‐Proportional Hilfer Derivatives and Some Properties
Authors: Wang Haihua
Published: October 2024

Building on previous work in fractional calculus, this paper introduces new definitions for the (ρ, k, φ)‐proportional integral and (ρ, k, φ)‐proportional H fractional derivative. This new approach retains the semigroup properties of traditional fractional integrals. A significant advantage of this fractional calculus is its compatibility with the majority of existing studies on fractional differential equations. Furthermore, we delve into the properties of the generalized fractional integrals and derivatives. We discuss, for instance, the mapping properties of the (ρ, k, φ)‐proportional integral. To elucidate these concepts, we introduce a set of new weighted spaces. Additionally, we explore the generalized Laplace transform of both the (ρ, k, φ)‐proportional integrals and (ρ, k, φ)‐proportional H fractional derivatives. Also, examples concerning the linear (ρ, k, φ)‐proportional H fractional equations are given to illustrate the main results.
A Case of Acute Hypertriglyceridemia‐Induced Pancreatitis in Pregnancy and Its Clinical Implications
Authors: Price Corley Rachelle , Kendle Anthony , Cain Mary Ashley
Published: October 2024

Acute hypertriglyceridemia‐induced pancreatitis (HTGP) is an uncommon occurrence during pregnancy. Prompt diagnosis and initiation of treatment are indicated to prevent adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. We present the case of a pregnant female who was diagnosed with HTGP at 34 weeks gestation and subsequently developed diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and preeclampsia with severe features. We describe the pathophysiology of acute HTGP and its relation to the gravid state and review available treatment options though data remains limited. Our case emphasizes the potential sequelae of HTGP in pregnancy, the need for a multidisciplinary approach for optimal care, and the importance of early treatment in improving maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Protective Effects of Baicalein on Lipopolysaccharide‐Induced AR42J PACs through Attenuation of Both Inflammation and Pyroptosis via Downregulation of miR‐224‐5p/PARP1
Authors: Liu Ming-Wei , Zhang Chun-Hai , Ma Shou-Hong , Zhang De-Qiong , Jiang Li-Qiong , Tan Yang
Published: October 2024

Background. Baicalein has been used to treat inflammation‐related diseases; nevertheless, its specific mechanism of action is unclear. Therefore, we examined the protective effects of baicalein on lipopolysaccharide‐induced damage to AR42J pancreatic acinar cells (PACs) and determined its mechanism of action for protection. Methods. An in vitro cell model of acute pancreatitis (AP) was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 mg/L)‐induced PACs (AR42J), and the relative survival rate was determined using the 3‐(4,5)‐dimethylthiahiazo(‐z‐y1)‐3,5‐di‐phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) technique. Flow cytometry was applied to evaluate the apoptotic rates of AR42J PACs. The RNA and protein expression of miR‐224‐5p, poly ADP‐ribose polymerase‐1 (PARP1), nuclear transcription factor‐κB65 (NF‐κB65), phospho‐kappa B alpha(p‐IκB‐α), interleukin(IL)‐18R, NOD‐like receptor thermal protein domain‐associated protein 3 (NLRP3), gasdermin D (GSDMD), apoptosis‐associated speck‐like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and caspase‐1 was detected based on the WB and RT‐PCR assays. IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐18, and TNF‐α expression levels in AR42J cells were measured via ELISA method. The cell morphology was examined using the AO/EB method. Results. The experiment confirmed a significant increase in the activity of AR42J cells treated with various doses of baicalein. Moreover, IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IL‐18 expression levels in AR42J cells were dramatically reduced (P  < 0.05), while miR‐224‐5p level was obviously enhanced. The protein and gene expression of PARP1, NF‐κB65, p‐IκB‐α, IL‐18R, GSDMD, ASC, NLRP3, and caspase‐1 was obviously decreased (P < 0.05). Apoptosis in AR42J cells was significantly reduced with significant improvement in cell morphology. Conclusion. Baicalein may significantly alleviate LPS‐induced AR42J PAC damage by inhibiting the inflammatory response and pyroptosis. Its mode of action might be linked to higher miR‐224‐5p expression, which inhibits the PARP1/NF‐κB and NLPR3/ASC/caspase‐1/GSDMD pathways.
Social Dysfunction and Neural Processing of Emotional Valence Across Depressive and Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Braak Simon , Bakker Geor , Su Tanja , Osinga Channah , Nawijn Laura , van Tol Marie-Jose , Van der Wee Nic J. A. , Pijnenburg Yolande , Penninx Brenda W. J. H.
Published: October 2024

Social dysfunction is common across psychiatric disorders, including depressive and anxiety disorders. Both disorders have been associated with negative biases in socioaffective neural processing, which may impact responses to social stimuli. This study aims to determine whether social dysfunction across these psychiatric disorders is indeed coupled to altered neural processing of negative and positive valenced emotional stimuli and whether a common neurobiological correlate can be identified. An implicit emotional faces functional magnetic resonance imaging task was used to measure brain activation in response to emotional stimuli in participants with depression (N = 46), anxiety (N = 45), comorbid depressive and anxiety disorders (N = 57), and healthy controls (N = 52). Social dysfunction was indexed using five items of the World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule‐2.0 (i.e., perceived social disability) and with the De Jong‐Gierveld Loneliness scale (LON; i.e., perceived loneliness). Higher perceived social disability scores were associated with greater brain activation in the left angular gyrus in response to sad emotional faces across all participants but did not correlate with responses to overall negative (sad, angry, and fearful) or positive (happy) emotional faces. No interaction effect of diagnosis was observed for the finding. Perceived loneliness scores did not correlate with brain activation to emotional faces. Taken together, perceived social disability across persons with and without depressive and/or anxiety disorders converges specifically on sad emotional processing of the left angular gyrus, suggesting a potential common neurobiological correlate for social dysfunction.
A Job Satisfaction Scale for Tech Workers: Development and Validation in the Global Context
Authors: Ehigbochie Amenawon Imuwahen , Ekuobase Godspower Osaretin
Published: October 2024

Humanity now lives and works in two worlds—the physical world and the cyber world. Tech workers are employees, not necessarily information technology (IT) professionals, who work in both worlds and seamlessly harness accessible resources in the worlds to meet organizational goals. This category of employees has unique job experiences and is more complicated to manage than the traditional workforce. Job satisfaction—a measurable outcome of employee wellbeing—remains a crucial indicator of an employee’s job experience. This psychological health of employees is usually measured using a job satisfaction scale. However, existing job satisfaction scales for tech workers lack specificity of measurement or cultural inclusivity. This study is, therefore, aimed at developing and validating a job satisfaction scale for tech workers in the global context. The systematic and scoping literature review methods were adopted for initial factors and item extraction. Two separate online surveys were conducted across the globe to randomly solicit tech workers’ acceptance rating of extracted factors and, after the factor selection, the rating of extracted associated items. The accepted numbers of respondents’ responses were 261 and 223, respectively. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 was used for data adequacy analysis, factor analysis, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test. A seven‐factor model with 25 items was realized. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using the Analysis of Moment Structure software has been performed on the seven‐factor model. The model was further analyzed for organizational effectiveness. A notable finding was that successful validation is not enough to ship psychometric scales to the market—a sound social effectiveness analysis outcome is required. A practical seven‐factor job satisfaction scale for tech workers has been developed and validated for the tech industry.
Supplementary Table 8 from Network Analysis Reveals Synergistic Genetic Dependencies for Rational Combination Therapy in Philadelphia Chromosome–Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ding Yang-Yang , Kim Hannah , Madden Kellyn , Loftus Joseph P. , Chen Gregory M. , Allen David Hottman , Zhang Ruitao , Xu Jason , Chen Chia-Hui , Hu Yuxuan , Tasian Sarah K. , Tan Kai
Published: October 2024

List of genetic lesions in Ph-like cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models used in this study.
Supplementary Table 5 from Network Analysis Reveals Synergistic Genetic Dependencies for Rational Combination Therapy in Philadelphia Chromosome–Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ding Yang-Yang , Kim Hannah , Madden Kellyn , Loftus Joseph P. , Chen Gregory M. , Allen David Hottman , Zhang Ruitao , Xu Jason , Chen Chia-Hui , Hu Yuxuan , Tasian Sarah K. , Tan Kai
Published: October 2024

The gene regulatory network used in this study. The network consists of 5,959 genes and 108,281 regulatory interactions as we previously detailed (13). Interactions were collected from three public pathway databases that were manually curated by experts: Reactome (19) (1597 pathways), KEGG (18) (195 pathways) and NCI-Nature Pathway Interaction database (20) (745 pathways).
Supplementary Table 3 from Network Analysis Reveals Synergistic Genetic Dependencies for Rational Combination Therapy in Philadelphia Chromosome–Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ding Yang-Yang , Kim Hannah , Madden Kellyn , Loftus Joseph P. , Chen Gregory M. , Allen David Hottman , Zhang Ruitao , Xu Jason , Chen Chia-Hui , Hu Yuxuan , Tasian Sarah K. , Tan Kai
Published: October 2024

List of recurrently mutated genes in B-ALL used in this study. Mutation calls were obtained from studies by Roberts et al. (4) and Ma et al. (34).
Supplementary Table 1 from Network Analysis Reveals Synergistic Genetic Dependencies for Rational Combination Therapy in Philadelphia Chromosome–Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ding Yang-Yang , Kim Hannah , Madden Kellyn , Loftus Joseph P. , Chen Gregory M. , Allen David Hottman , Zhang Ruitao , Xu Jason , Chen Chia-Hui , Hu Yuxuan , Tasian Sarah K. , Tan Kai
Published: October 2024

Sources of gene expression data used in this study. Patient data were stratified based on their leukemia subtypes (column header).
Supplementary Legend from Network Analysis Reveals Synergistic Genetic Dependencies for Rational Combination Therapy in Philadelphia Chromosome–Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ding Yang-Yang , Kim Hannah , Madden Kellyn , Loftus Joseph P. , Chen Gregory M. , Allen David Hottman , Zhang Ruitao , Xu Jason , Chen Chia-Hui , Hu Yuxuan , Tasian Sarah K. , Tan Kai
Published: October 2024

Supplementary Legend
Supplementary Figure 3 from Network Analysis Reveals Synergistic Genetic Dependencies for Rational Combination Therapy in Philadelphia Chromosome–Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ding Yang-Yang , Kim Hannah , Madden Kellyn , Loftus Joseph P. , Chen Gregory M. , Allen David Hottman , Zhang Ruitao , Xu Jason , Chen Chia-Hui , Hu Yuxuan , Tasian Sarah K. , Tan Kai
Published: October 2024

Ph-like ALL cell viability with in vitro venetoclax and TKI exposure. (A) Cell viability at 72 hours after treatment with specified dose combinations of drugs tested and shown on isobolograms in Figure 2. Viability is depicted relative to 0.1% DMSO vehicle control, measured by CellTiter-Glo absorbance. V=venetoclax, R=ruxolitinib, D=dasatinib. (B) Leukemia cell viability at 72 hours of the specified drug dose combination chosen to investigate mechanisms of synergy. Ven=venetoclax, Rux=ruxolitinib, Das=dasatinib. Each bar represents the average of triplicate technical replicates, error bars represent standard deviation. (C) Ruxolitinib and venetoclax individual dose response curves and IC50 values for the non-Ph-like B-ALL cell line REH. Viability was assayed at 72 hours using the CellTiter-Glo assay with data normalization to 0.1% DMSO vehicle treatment. Each data point represents the mean of three replicate measures +/- SD. (D) Isobologram for combination of ruxolitinib (rux) and venetoclax (ven) at various dose combinations in the REH cell line, along with the effect size (percent reduction in cell viability relative to the DMSO control) observed at each dose combination and the Combination Index (CI) values calculated using Compusyn. One dose combination had moderate synergistic effect (CI = 0.57), but all other combinations had antagonistic effects (CI >1.0) in this non-Ph-like cell line.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Network Analysis Reveals Synergistic Genetic Dependencies for Rational Combination Therapy in Philadelphia Chromosome–Like Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ding Yang-Yang , Kim Hannah , Madden Kellyn , Loftus Joseph P. , Chen Gregory M. , Allen David Hottman , Zhang Ruitao , Xu Jason , Chen Chia-Hui , Hu Yuxuan , Tasian Sarah K. , Tan Kai
Published: October 2024

CRISPR/Cas9 single and double-knockout gene editing efficiency of STAT5B and BAG1 estimated by TIDE assay. Top (MUTZ5) and bottom (TVA-1) panels show spectrum and frequency of small (0-10 bp) insertions and deletions (indels) 4 days after nucleofection of single and double gene targeting RNPs (cell viability data shown in Figure 2A). DKO: double knockout; SKO: single knockout; X-axis shows insertion or deletion at given position; y-axis represents percentage of sequences with that particular edit. Editing efficacy (defined by small indel frequency with p<0.001) was high and similar between single and double knockout conditions.
Targeting Tumor Antigen 5T4 Using CAR T Cells for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Harrop Richard , Blount Daniel G. , Khan Naeem , Soyombo Mayowa , Moyce Laura , Drayson Mark T. , Down Jenny , Lawson Michelle A. , O’Connor Deirdre , Nimmo Rachael , Lad Yatish , Souberbielle Bernard , Mitrophanous Kyriacos , Ettorre Anna
Published: October 2024

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells represent a novel targeted approach to overcome deficits in the ability of the host immune system to detect and subsequently eradicate tumors. The identification of antigens expressed specifically on the surface of tumor cells is a critical first step for a targeted therapy that selectively targets cancer cells without affecting normal tissues. 5T4 is a tumor-associated antigen expressed on the cell surface of most solid tumors. However, very little is known about its expression in hematologic malignancies. In this study, we assess the expression of 5T4 in different types of leukemias, specifically acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSC). We also provide an in vitro assessment of safety and efficacy of 5T4-targeting CAR T cells against HSCs and AML tumor cell lines. 5T4 expression was seen in about 50% of AML cases; AML with mutated nucleophosmin 1, AML–myelodysplasia-related, and AML not otherwise specified showed the highest percentage of 5T4+ cases. 5T4 CAR T cells efficiently and specifically killed AML tumor cell lines, including leukemic stem cells. Coculture of 5T4 CAR T cells with HSCs from healthy donors showed no impact on subsequent colony formation, thus confirming the safety profile of 5T4. A proof-of-concept study using a murine model for AML demonstrated that CAR T cells recognize 5T4 expressed on cells and can kill tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo. These results highlight 5T4 as a promising target for immune intervention in AML and that CAR T cells can be considered a powerful personalized therapeutic approach to treat AML.
The Distinct Roles of NEIL1 and XPA in Limiting Aflatoxin B1–Induced Mutagenesis in Mice
Authors: Luzadder Michael M. , Minko Irina G. , Vartanian Vladimir L. , Davenport Marten , Fedorov Lev M. , McCullough Amanda K. , Lloyd R. Stephen
Published: October 2024

Dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a risk factor for the development of hepatocellular carcinomas. Following metabolic activation, AFB1 reacts with guanines to form covalent DNA adducts, which induce high-frequency G > T transversions. The molecular signature associated with these mutational events aligns with the single-base substitution signature 24 (SBS24) in the Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database. Deficiencies in either base excision repair due to the absence of Nei-like DNA glycosylase 1 (NEIL1) or nucleotide excision repair due to the absence of xeroderma complementation group A protein (XPA) contribute to hepatocellular carcinomas in murine models. In the current study, ultra-low error duplex sequencing was used to characterize mutational profiles in liver DNAs of NEIL1-deficient, XPA-deficient, and DNA repair–proficient mice following neonatal injection of 1 mg/kg AFB1. Analyses of AFB1-induced mutations showed high cosine similarity to SBS24 regardless of repair proficiency status. The absence of NEIL1 resulted in an approximately 30% increase in the frequency of mutations, with the distribution suggesting preferential NEIL1-dependent repair of AFB1 lesions in open chromatin regions. A trend of increased mutagenesis was also observed in the absence of XPA. Consistent with the role of XPA in transcription-coupled repair, mutational profiles in XPA-deficient mice showed disruption of the transcriptional bias in mutations associated with SBS24.

Implications: Our findings define the roles of DNA repair pathways in AFB1-induced mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in murine models, with these findings having implications in human health for those with base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair deficiencies.
Table 5 from GALAD Score for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Validation Study in Ghanaian Patients
Authors: Nartey Yvonne Ayerki , Yang Ju Dong , Zemla Tyler J. , Ayawin Joshua , Asibey Shadrack Osei , El-Kassas Mohamed , Bampoh Sally Afua , Duah Amoako , Agyei-Nkansah Adwoa , Awuku Yaw Asante , Afihene Mary Yeboah , Yamada Hiroyuki , Yin Jun , Plymoth Amelie , Roberts Lewis R.
Published: October 2024

Comparison of the AUC of the three different GALAD score models
Table 2 from GALAD Score for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Validation Study in Ghanaian Patients
Authors: Nartey Yvonne Ayerki , Yang Ju Dong , Zemla Tyler J. , Ayawin Joshua , Asibey Shadrack Osei , El-Kassas Mohamed , Bampoh Sally Afua , Duah Amoako , Agyei-Nkansah Adwoa , Awuku Yaw Asante , Afihene Mary Yeboah , Yamada Hiroyuki , Yin Jun , Plymoth Amelie , Roberts Lewis R.
Published: October 2024

Optimal cut-off of the GALAD score with sensitivity and specificity
Figure 1 from GALAD Score for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Validation Study in Ghanaian Patients
Authors: Nartey Yvonne Ayerki , Yang Ju Dong , Zemla Tyler J. , Ayawin Joshua , Asibey Shadrack Osei , El-Kassas Mohamed , Bampoh Sally Afua , Duah Amoako , Agyei-Nkansah Adwoa , Awuku Yaw Asante , Afihene Mary Yeboah , Yamada Hiroyuki , Yin Jun , Plymoth Amelie , Roberts Lewis R.
Published: October 2024

ROC of GALAD scores for the detection of HCC. X axis: specificity; Y axis: sensitivity. Sensitivity #1; controls with high AFP (>400 ng/mL), high AFP-L3% (>35%), or high DCP (>2.85 ng/mL) are imputed as cases (N = 14). Sensitivity #2; controls with high AFP (>400 ng/mL), high AFP-L3% (>35%), or high DCP.