bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constitucionalismo, transformação e resiliência democrática no Brasil : o ius constitucionale commune na américa latina tem uma contribuição a oferecer ?
Authors: Campos Mello Patrícia Perrone
Published: October 2019

O artigo parte das concepções de constitucionalismo transformador e do Ius Constitucionale na América Latina (ICCAL), com o propósito de responder a duas questões: 1- Existe um constitucionalismo transformador em desenvolvimento no Brasil, à semelhança do que se constatou a respeito de outros países latino-americanos? 2- O constitucionalismo transformador e o ICCAL têm uma contribuição a oferecer à experiência constitucional brasileira? Em resposta a tais perguntas, o trabalho expõe o caráter parcialmente transformador do constitucionalismo no Brasil. Demonstra que falta a ele um diálogo com a Corte IDH e com as demais cortes dos países latino-americanos. Explica a concepção do constitucionalismo em rede e as funções que desempenha. Defende que a adesão ao ICCAL e a uma “defesa em rede” do direito constitucional representam estratégias importantes não apenas para o avanço em temas de direitos fundamentais, democracia e Estado de Direito, mas igualmente para a resiliência contra retrocessos nessas mesmas questões.
How waviness in the circulation changes surface ozone: a viewpoint using local finite-amplitude wave activity
Authors: Sun Wenxiu , Hess Peter , Chen Gang , Tilmes Simone
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Local finite-amplitude wave activity (LWA) measures the waviness of the local flow. In this work we relate the anticyclonic part of LWA, AWA (anticyclonic wave activity), to surface ozone in summertime over the US on interannual to decadal timescales. Interannual covariance between AWA diagnosed from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Era-Interim reanalysis and ozone measured at EPA Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) stations is analyzed using maximum covariance analysis (MCA). The first two modes in the MCA analysis explain 84 % of the covariance between the AWA and MDA8 (maximum daily 8 h average ozone), explaining 29 % and 14 % of the MDA8 ozone variance, respectively. Over most of the US we find a significant relationship between ozone at most locations and AWA over the analysis domain (24–53∘ N and 130–65∘ W) using a linear regression model. This relationship is diagnosed (i) using reanalysis meteorology and measured ozone from CASTNET, or (ii) using meteorology and ozone simulated by the Community Atmospheric Model version 4 with chemistry (CAM4-chem) within the Community Earth System Model (CESM1). Using the linear regression model we find that meteorological biases in AWA in CAM4-chem, as compared to the reanalysis meteorology, induce ozone changes between −4 and +8 ppb in CAM4-chem. Future changes (ca. 2100) in AWA are diagnosed in different climate change simulations in CAM4-chem, simulations which differ in their initial conditions and in one case differ in their reactive species emissions. All future simulations have enhanced AWA over the US, with the maximum enhancement in the southwest. As diagnosed using the linear regression model, the future change in AWA is predicted to cause a corresponding change in ozone ranging between −6 and 6 ppb. The location of this change depends on subtle features of the change in AWA. In a number of locations this change is consistent with the magnitude and the sign of the overall simulated future ozone change.
Tipping the ENSO into a permanent El Niño can trigger state transitions in global terrestrial ecosystems
Authors: Duque-Villegas Mateo , Salazar Juan Fernando , Rendón Angela Maria
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Some large-scale components of the Earth's climate system
have been identified as policy-relevant “tipping elements”, meaning that
anthropogenic forcing and perturbations may push them across a tipping point
threshold, with potential global scale impact on ecosystems and concomitant
environmental and social phenomena. A pronounced change in the amplitude
and/or frequency of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is among
such tipping elements. Here, we use the Planet Simulator (PlaSim), an Earth
system model of intermediate complexity, to investigate the potential impact
on global climate and terrestrial ecosystems of shifting the current dynamics
of the ENSO into a permanent El Niño. When forced with sea surface
temperature (SST) derived from observations, the PlaSim model yields a
realistic representation of large-scale climatological patterns, including
realistic estimates of the global energy and water balances, and gross
primary productivity (GPP). In a permanent El Niño state, we found
significant differences in the global distribution of water and energy
fluxes, and associated impacts on GPP, indicating that vegetation production
decreases in the tropics, whereas it increases in temperate regions. We
identify regions in which these El Niño-induced changes are consistent
with potential state transitions in global terrestrial ecosystems, including
potential greening of western North America, dieback of the Amazon
rainforest, and further aridification of south-eastern Africa and Australia.
Contrasting thinning patterns between lake- and land-terminating glaciers in the Bhutanese Himalaya
Authors: Tsutaki Shun , Fujita Koji , Nuimura Takayuki , Sakai Akiko , Sugiyama Shin , Komori Jiro , Tshering Phuntsho
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Despite the importance of glacial lake development in ice dynamics and glacier thinning, in situ and satellite-based measurements from lake-terminating glaciers are sparse in the Bhutanese Himalaya, where a number of proglacial lakes exist. We acquired in situ and satellite-based observations across lake- and land-terminating debris-covered glaciers in the Lunana region, Bhutanese Himalaya. A repeated differential global positioning system survey reveals that thickness change of the debris-covered ablation area of the lake-terminating Lugge Glacier (-4.67±0.07 m a−1) is more than 3 times more negative than that of the land-terminating Thorthormi Glacier (-1.40±0.07 m a−1) for the 2004–2011 period. The surface flow velocities decrease down-glacier along Thorthormi Glacier, whereas they increase from the upper part of the ablation area to the terminus of Lugge Glacier. Numerical experiments using a two-dimensional ice flow model demonstrate that the rapid thinning of Lugge Glacier is driven by both a negative surface mass balance and dynamically induced ice thinning. However, the thinning of Thorthormi Glacier is minimised by a longitudinally compressive flow regime. Multiple supraglacial ponds on Thorthormi Glacier have been expanding since 2000 and have merged into a single proglacial lake, with the glacier terminus detaching from its terminal moraine in 2011. Numerical experiments suggest that the thinning of Thorthormi Glacier will accelerate with continued proglacial lake development.
Improving mesoscale wind speed forecasts using lidar-based observation nudging for airborne wind energy systems
Authors: Sommerfeld Markus , Dörenkämper Martin , Steinfeld Gerald , Crawford Curran
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Airborne wind energy systems (AWESs) aim to operate at altitudes above conventional wind turbines where reliable high-resolution wind data are scarce. Wind light detection and ranging (lidar) measurements and mesoscale models both have their advantages and disadvantages when assessing the wind resource at such heights. This study investigates whether assimilating measurements into the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model using observation nudging generates a more accurate, complete data set. The impact of continuous observation nudging at multiple altitudes on simulated wind conditions is compared to an unnudged reference run and to the lidar measurements themselves. We compare the impact on wind speed and direction for individual days, average diurnal variability and long-term statistics. Finally, wind speed data are used to estimate the optimal traction power and operating altitudes of AWES. Observation nudging improves the WRF accuracy at the measurement location. Close to the surface the impact of nudging is limited as effects of the air–surface interaction dominate but becomes more prominent at mid-altitudes and decreases towards high altitudes. The wind speed frequency distribution shows a multi-modality caused by changing atmospheric stability conditions. Therefore, wind speed profiles are categorized into various stability conditions. Based on a simplified AWES model, the most probable optimal altitude is between 200 and 600 m. This wide range of heights emphasizes the benefit of such systems to dynamically adjust their operating altitude.
A Review of Inpatient Opioid Consumption and Discharge Prescription Patterns After Orthopaedic Procedures
Authors: Grace Trevor R. , Choo Kevin J. , Patterson Joseph T. , Khanna Krishn , Feeley Brian T. , Zhang Alan L.
Published: October 2019

Introduction:

Tailoring opioid prescriptions to inpatient use after orthopaedic procedures may effectively control pain while limiting overprescription but may not be common in the current orthopaedic practice.

Methods:

A retrospective review identified opioid-naïve patients admitted after any orthopaedic procedure. Daily and total prescription quantities as well as patient-specific factors were collected. The total opioids used the day before discharge was compared with the total opioids prescribed for the day after discharge. Refill rates were then compared between patients whose daily discharge prescription regimen far exceeded or approximated their predischarge opioid consumption.

Results:

Six hundred thirteen patients were included (ages 18 to 95 years). The total opioids prescribed for the 24 hours after discharge significantly exceeded the opioids consumed the 24 hours before discharge for each orthopaedic subspecialty. The excessive-prescription group (409 patients) received greater daily opioid (120 oral morphine equivalents [OMEs] versus 60 OMEs; P < 0.01) and total opioid (750 OMEs versus 512.5 OMEs; P < 0.01) at discharge but was more likely to refill their opioid prescription within 30 days of discharge (27.6% versus 20.1%; P = 0.043).

Discussion:

Opioid regimens prescribed after an orthopaedic surgery frequently exceed inpatient opioid use. Opioid regimens that approximate inpatient use may help curb overprescription and are not associated with higher refill rates compared with more excessive prescriptions.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, Retrospective Cohort Study
Buckling of Joined Composite Conical Shells Using Shear Deformation Theory under Axial Compression
Authors: Izadi Mohammad Hadi , Shahrokh Hosseini Hashemi , Habibnejad Korayem Moharam
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates critical buckling loads in joined conical shells under axial compression. An analytical approach has been applied to study classical linear buckling of joined cones that are made of cross-ply fiber reinforced laminates. The governing equations have been extracted using first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT), and an analytical solution has been applied to extract critical buckling loads. Accordingly, the system of partial differential equations has been solved via separation of variables using Fourier expansion and power series method. The effects of the number of layers, lamination sequences, semi-vertex angles, shell thicknesses, shell lengths and boundary conditions on the stability of joined cones have been examined. For validation, the specific examples of the present study have been compared to previous studies. Using ABAQUSE/CAE software (a FEM-based software), the results of finite element have been extracted. The present method is in good agreement with the finite element and other research results. Finally, the differences in classical shell theory (CST) of Donnell type and first-order shear deformation theory have been discussed for different shell thicknesses.
Discussie: euthanasie onder de WGBO
Authors: Sijmons J.G.
Published: October 2019

Discussie: euthanasie onder de WGBO. II De onmogelijke euthanasieovereenkomst: geen geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst

Reactie op het Forum van Mr. dr. L.A.P. Arends waarin auteur ingaat op het betoog van Arends en zijn eigen mening over dit ontwerp geeft. Besproken wordt of artsen verplicht kunnen worden een verzoek tot euthanasie in te willigen, en of euthanasie als een handeling in het kader van de geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst beschouwd kan worden.
Het hinderpaalcriterium drie jaar na CZ/Momentum
Authors: van Schelven B.A. , Janssen M.M.
Published: October 2019

Het hinderpaalcriterium drie jaar na CZ/Momentum. De stand van zaken van het kat-en-muisspel tussen zorgverzekeraars en niet-gecontracteerde zorgaanbieders

In juli 2014 oordeelde de Hoge Raad in CZ/Momentum dat het zogeheten hinderpaalcriterium onderdeel uitmaakt van artikel 13 lid 1 Zvw. De vergoeding voor niet-gecontracteerde zorg mag zodoende niet zo laag zijn dat daarmee een feitelijke hinderpaal wordt opgeworpen om zorg te betrekken van een niet-gecontracteerde zorgaanbieder naar keuze. In dit artikel wordt onderzocht hoe artikel 13 lid 1 Zvw zich sindsdien heeft ontwikkeld. Ook worden twee ontwikkelingen onderzocht die in het veld als nieuwe feitelijke hinderpalen worden beschouwd: door zorgverzekeraars gehanteerde cessieverboden en toestemmingsvereisten. Het onderzoek vindt plaats tegen de achtergrond van de regisseursrol die zorgverzekeraars binnen het zorgstelsel is toebedacht.
Kroniek rechtspraak strafrecht
Authors: Mevis P.A.M. , Postma L.
Published: October 2019

Kroniek rechtspraak strafrecht

In de Kroniek rechtspraak strafrecht staan de belangrijkste ontwikkelingen, in het bijzonder de relevante rechtspraak, vanaf 1 december 2015 tot en met 31 augustus 2017 centraal. Ten eerste wordt ingegaan op strafbare feiten in (en door) het ziekenhuis. Vervolgens komt het medisch beroepsgeheim en vorderen van gegevens aan bod. Voorts wordt ingegaan op fraude in de zorg, artikel 96 Wet BIG en euthanasie en hulp bij zelfdoding, levensbeëindiging van ernstig gehandicapte pasgeborenen en late zwangerschapsonderbreking. Ten slotte worden onder meer zaken besproken die betrekking hebben op een verdachte die als ‘niet-BIG-geregistreerde’ handelingen op het gebied van de individuele gezondheidszorg heeft verricht, een therapeut die tijdens de uitoefening van zijn beroep ontucht heeft gepleegd met een van zijn patiënten en een forensisch arts die schuldig is bevonden aan het plegen van meineed.
Kroniek rechtspraak bestuursrecht
Authors: Batting M.L. , van der Jagt-Jobsen J.A.E. , de Vries M.A.
Published: October 2019

Kroniek rechtspraak bestuursrecht

Deze kroniek, die een periode van bijna twee jaar beschrijft, bespreekt een groot aantal bestuursrechtelijke uitspraken op het gebied van de gezondheidszorg. Ook de meest belangwekkende uitspraken over de Wet maatschappelijke ondersteuning 2015 en de Jeugdwet worden besproken. Achtereenvolgens komen aan de orde: algemeen bestuurs(proces)recht, uitspraken over de Wet BIG, over de Wkkgz en de Kwzi, jurisprudentie over de WTZi, de Gmw en de Wgp, uitspraken over de Wob, een uitspraak over de Wbp, jurisprudentie over de Wmo 2015 en de Jeugdwet. Als laatste komen de rapporten van de Nationale ombudsman aan de orde.
De herziening van de Wet op de orgaandonatie: een terugblik
Authors: Gevers J.K.M.
Published: October 2019

De herziening van de Wet op de orgaandonatie: een terugblik

Na jarenlange discussie over het beslissysteem voor postmortale orgaandonatie is dat onlangs door aanvaarding van het initiatief-wetsvoorstel Dijkstra toch gewijzigd. In deze bijdrage wordt dat nieuwe beslissysteem besproken, en wel enerzijds in het licht van de ontwikkelingsgang van het initiatiefwetsvoorstel, anderzijds in de bredere context van de Wet op de orgaandonatie.
Aanpassingen van de WGBO
Authors: Legemaate J.
Published: October 2019

Aanpassingen van de WGBO

In juli 2018 heeft de regering een wetsvoorstel tot aanpassing van de Wet geneeskundige behandelingsovereenkomst (WGBO) ingediend. De voorgestelde wijzigingen betreffen vooral het recht van de patiënt op informatie, de bepalingen rond het dossier en het recht van nabestaanden om een dossier van een overleden patiënt te mogen inzien. In deze bijdrage worden de wijzigingen beschreven en becommentarieerd.
Geschilbeslechting onder de Wkkgz: de theorie in de praktijk
Authors: Wijne R.P.
Published: October 2019

Geschilbeslechting onder de Wkkgz: de theorie in de praktijk. Over de regels van geschilbeslechting en bindend advies, de mogelijkheden tot vernietiging van het bindend advies en enkele praktijkperikelen in dat verband

De wettelijke regeling omtrent de klachten- en geschilprocedure vervat in de Wkkgz roept in de praktijk vragen op. In dit artikel wordt ingegaan op een aantal van die vragen. Voorts wordt gepoogd de vragen te beantwoorden waarbij de wettelijke kaders omtrent het bindend advies, de informatieplicht, het bewijsrecht en het personen- en familierecht worden betrokken.
Kroniek rechtspraak Bestuursrecht
Authors: Batting M.L. , de Vries M.A.
Published: October 2019

Kroniek rechtspraak Bestuursrecht

In deze kroniek bespreken de auteurs de relevante bestuursrechtelijke uitspraken en ontwikkelingen op het terrein van de gezondheidszorg. Deze kroniek ziet op de periode van 1 februari 2018 tot en met 1 februari 2019.
Kroniek rechtspraak Wet Bopz
Authors: Dörenberg V.E.T.
Published: October 2019

Kroniek rechtspraak Wet Bopz

Deze kroniek bevat een selectie van rechtspraak uit de periode van 1 september 2016 tot en met 31 december 2018. Er is aandacht voor uitspraken met betrekking tot de criteria voor opneming, procedurele vereisten, eisen rondom ‘bijzondere’ machtigingen en aspecten van onvrijwillig verblijf. Speciale aandacht is er voor de forensische setting.
Past een vaccinatieplicht binnen het EVRM-regime?
Authors: Pierik R.H.M. (Roland)
Published: October 2019

Past een vaccinatieplicht binnen het EVRM-regime?

Al jaren daalt in Nederland de vaccinatiegraad, waardoor ziekten als mazelen en de bof opnieuw dreigen de kop op te steken. Om dit tegen te gaan zijn recent in de Nederlandse politiek twee meer verplichtende maatregelen voorgesteld. Dit artikel analyseert de juridische mogelijkheden en onmogelijkheden van deze voorstellen, met name in de context de van de grondrechten waarmee ze zouden kunnen botsen: artikel 2 EVRM (recht op leven), artikel 8 EVRM (onaantastbaarheid van het lichaam) en/of artikel 9 EVRM: (vrijheid van godsdienst en levensovertuiging) en het daaruit volgende Nederlandse gelijkebehandelingsrecht.
Multilaboratory Evaluation of a Lateral Flow Method for Aflatoxin B1 Analysis in Dry Dog Food
Authors: Vudathala Daljit , Klobut Jakub , Cummings Margie , Tkachenko Andriy , Reimschuessel Renate , Murphy Lisa ,   Collaborators, Bischoff K , Magnin G , Pace E , Wilson C
Published: October 2019

Background: Aflatoxins are one of the most heavily regulated mycotoxins in agriculture throughout the world. A variety of tests are used for detection, including rapid methods that are preferred when a large number of samples need to be quickly screened to implement an immediate action. However, a method developed for screening a specific commodity for the presence of mycotoxins requires further validation to demonstrate its suitability for additional matrices. Objective: In this study, a study was undertaken to evaluate a rapid screening method for aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in dry dog food, a product potentially susceptible to aflatoxins contamination. Method: This test method employed lateral flow technology using kits obtained from Charm Sciences Inc. Three different sources of dry dog food were tested at the FDA action level of 20 ppb (ng/g) in three trials of a multi-laboratory study by four participants. A total of 80 unfortified blank samples, 270 samples spiked at 20 ppb, and 60 samples spiked below 20 ppb were analyzed. Results: The overall pass rates of 100% for unfortified samples and > 97% for 20 ppb-fortified samples meet the FDA guidance acceptance criteria for a limit test of 10-15% false positives and no more than 5% false negatives. Conclusions: The method is suitable for screening a large number of dry dog food samples for rapid response. Highlights: Multi-laboratory evaluation of a rapid method for aflatoxin screening in dog food.
The Future of Media Interfaces
Authors: Jorge Joaquim
Published: October 2019

We are living in a post-WIMP world. Indeed, more and more users access information, communicate and operate mobile information appliances foregoing the still common mouse and keyboard of yonder. However, no matter how powerful or elegant the new mobile devices are, it is the user interface that ultimately governs how successful new devices or systems will be. In this lecture I will look at current multimedia systems and their applications to virtual environments and ubiquitous computing. Multimedia user interfaces currently engage people using images, video and sound but virtual environments not only involve interactive 3D graphics, but further need to take more advantage of our senses through spatial audio, haptics and many other novel and exciting communication modalities. This talk will explore key current research issues and future directions up to and before the prophesized singularity.
Desenvolvimento de uma interface gráfica de usuário para apoio a construção do conhecimento: um estudo de caso da plataforma ENEM na Rede
Authors: Arrais Marcos , Oliveira Jonice
Published: October 2019

O estudo apresenta o sistema de design (design system), usabilidade e arquitetura da informação criados para a plataforma “Enem na Rede”, que tem por objetivo capacitar estudantes para o ENEM – Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio. A plataforma provê a construção do conhecimento através de interações sociais e mecânicas de gamificação que envolvem alunos em atividades colaborativas. O processo de construção da interface gráfica de usuário utiliza conceitos de responsividade de sistemas web, usabilidade, representação da informação e uma inteligência artificial apoiada por representação visual, que ajuda estudantes e guia o processo de estudo.
Recomendações de Design para Interfaces de Jogos Acessíveis para Crianças Disléxicas
Authors: Batista Esteic J.S , Da Silva Rodrigo G , De Almeida Renato E , Oliveira Kenia S
Published: October 2019

Este trabalho é uma proposta de recomendações de design de interfaces de jogos educacionais acessíveis às crianças diagnosticadas com dislexia. Para as definições destas recomendações, nos baseamos em estudos de Interação CriançaComputador, elementos de jogos e estudos sobre abordagens pedagógicas com crianças disléxicas. A motivação deste trabalho deve-se ao fato de a dislexia ser um assunto relevante, devendo ser abordado nas mais diversas áreas do conhecimento, uma vez que poucos jogos e aplicações estão disponíveis para estimular o processo de ensino-aprendizagem desse público.
Cabine Pets: promovendo o incentivo à adoção responsável e o engajamento da população nos cuidados de animais abandonados
Authors: Sousa Tamires , Júnior Gabriel , Pinheiro Valéria , Marques Anna Beatriz
Published: October 2019

O abandono de animais é um problema que afeta diversas áreas como saúde, meio ambiente e trânsito. Além disso, os animais abandonados ficam propícios a doenças, fome e maus tratos. Torna-se importante conscientizar a população sobre as consequências do abandono de animais, bem como incentivar sua maior participação nos cuidados e adoção de animais abandonados. Por meio da adoção da metodologia de Design Thinking, uma solução tecnológica denominada Cabine Pets foi idealizada. Este artigo apresenta o processo de design conduzido e os principais artefatos gerados. Uma solução tecnológica é descrita, consistindo em cabines localizadas em pontos estratégicos e um aplicativo móvel para interação entre a população e ONGs de proteção a animais abandonados.
Interdisciplinaridade e IHC: Possibilidades no Contexto da Licenciatura em Computação
Authors: Gomes de Lima Igor Felipe , Carvalho de Melo Matheus , Da Silva Wellington Eugênio , Pontual Falcão Taciana
Published: October 2019

A interdisciplinaridade é vista cada vez mais como um componente fundamental para a educação em todos os níveis. Neste artigo, analisamos opiniões, motivações e barreiras, percebidas por professores, para a disseminação de práticas interdisciplinares; e apresentamos práticas existentes em nossos cursos de graduação na área de Computação. Em particular, focamos no potencial da Interação Humano-Computador como uma área de conhecimento transversal e em como isso pode ser melhor explorado em cursos de Licenciatura em Computação. Consideramos os desafios inerentes às diferentes possibilidades para promover a interdisciplinaridade e a necessidade de repensar a estrutura atual da educação superior.
UXUG-AP – Diretrizes de Experiência do Usuário e Usabilidade para Projeto Ágil
Authors: Sousa Aline , Valentim Natasha
Published: October 2019

Entregar um software de valor para os usuários é um desafio constante para os times que usam metodologias ágeis como um framework em seu processo de desenvolvimento de software. Muitos pesquisadores e profissionais tentam associar as metodologias ágeis com a usabilidade e a Experiência do Usuário (UX), a fim de criar um modelo que promova este tipo de entrega. Dessa forma, os estudos identificados na literatura apresentam tecnologias complexas que demandam muito conhecimento, custo, tempo e recursos. Com o objetivo de contribuir com esta linha de pesquisa, decidiu-se por apresentar uma integração simples, onde tempo, custo e recursos não se tornam obstáculos para a aplicação da técnica em vários formatos de times e metodologias ágeis. O principal objetivo deste Artigo é apresentar uma técnica de prototipação chamada “User Experience and Usability Guidelines for Agile Project” (UXUG-AP) que auxilia no projeto da usabilidade e UX, a qual poderia ser usada por times ágeis, independentemente da quantidade de recursos disponíveis, tamanhos de projetos e metodologias adotada.
A Contemporary Metaphysical Proof for the Existence of God
Authors: Spitzer Robert J. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: October 2019

This five-step metaphysical proof borrows from the metaphysical thought of Aquinas as well as from Bernard Lonergan’s proof of God in Insight. It makes several advances to proofs of God. Most importantly, by showing that an unconditioned (uncaused) reality must be unrestrictedly intelligible, the second step of the proof is original and lays a stronger foundation than previous proofs for the uniqueness of an unconditioned reality as well as its identification with an unrestricted act of thinking. This point strengthens the argument that this unique reality is a creator of everything else in reality. In so doing, it responds to contemporary criticisms of proofs of God by Richard Dawkins and others. This proof also adapts metaphysical ideas and terms to those arising out of the contemporary scientific world view, so that it is relevant and applicable to quantum and relativity theory, quantum cosmology, and other contemporary cosmological ideas, such as a multiverse and multidimensional physical realities.
Revisiting the Maxim-Law Dynamic in the Light of Kant’s Theory of Action
Authors: Radhakrishnan V. K.
Published: October 2019

A stable classification of practical principles into mutually exclusive types is foundational to Kant’s moral theory. Yet, other than a few brief hints on the distinction between maxims and laws, he does not provide any elaborate discussion on the classification and the types of practical principles in his works. This has led Onora O’Neill and Lewis Beck to reinterpret Kant’s classification of practical principles in a way that would clarify the conceptual connection between maxims and laws. In this paper I argue that the revised interpretations of O’Neill and Beck stem from a mistaken reading of the fundamental basis of the classification of practical principles. To show this, I first argue that Kant distinguishes between maxims and laws on the bases of validity and reality. I then argue that although a practical principle necessarily has the feature of validity, its reality in actually moving the agents to action sufficiently makes a principle a practical principle. If this is so, I argue that the classification of practical principles must be based on the extent to which they are effective in human agents (i. e. their reality). Such a classification yields us three exhaustive and mutually exclusive types namely, “maxims that are not potential laws”, “maxims that are potential laws” and “laws that are not maxims”.
Les représentations de professeurs quant à l’inclusion des étudiants en situation de handicap : quels défis se posent, quelles mesures s’imposent ?
Authors: Philion Ruth , Doucet Manon , Côté Carole , Nadon Martine , Chapleau Nathalie , Laplante Line , Mihalache Iulia
Published: October 2019

Bien que depuis les années 1960 le phénomène de la démocratisation des universités ait contribué à l’émergence d’une variété de profils étudiants obligeant les universités à redéfinir leur mission (Chenard, 2005; Romainville, 2004), la forte croissance de la population des étudiants en situation de handicap (ESH), dite émergente, convie plus que jamais les universités à redéfinir leur rôle et à repenser la pédagogie dans une logique d’inclusion. La nécessité d’actualiser cette inclusion est d’autant plus pressante qu’elle se fait sous le signe d’une obligation juridique de promouvoir et de soutenir une éducation accessible et non discriminatoire pour tous. Dans ce contexte, les professeurs se retrouvent aux premières loges de ce virage inclusif. C’est pourquoi cet article vise à comprendre comment ils se représentent l’inclusion des ESH et à déterminer quels moyens devraient être déployés pour les accompagner à y participer. Un questionnaire auquel ont répondu 613 professeurs de trois universités québécoises met en évidence, d’une part, leurs préoccupations relatives à l’atteinte des exigences propres aux programmes d’études et, d’autre part, la nécessité non seulement de mieux les informer, mais surtout de penser à des mécanismes permettant de préciser des balises claires quant aux accommodements à offrir aux ESH.
De la parole du saint au discours de l’hagiographe : construction d’une sainteté musulmane dans la Hilyat al-awliyā’ d’Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī
Authors: Masotta Kabira
Published: October 2019

Les études menées sur la sainteté musulmane ont beaucoup cherché à en établir une typologie, à insérer des catégories dans un temps linéaire, à chercher des transitions, des passages. Restituer la perspective centrale de l’hagiographe à partir de son oeuvre reste la première démarche pour comprendre comment se formate un modèle de sainteté et s’écrit une tradition. L’étude que nous proposons, à travers la Ḥilyat al-awliyā’ d’Abū Nuʿaym al-Iṣfahānī, tente d’explorer à partir de la figure de l’ascète ce discours de conceptualisation.
La mérule pleureuse, Serpula lacrymans : revue de la situation historique et des interventions possibles
Authors: DesRochers Pierre , Huppé Vicky , Leclerc Jean-Marc , Chevalier Pierre
Published: October 2019

À la suite de la médiatisation de cas récents de contamination domiciliaire par la mérule pleureuse, Serpula lacrymans, nous examinons la prévalence historique de celle-ci au Canada à partir de données provenant des herbiers mycologiques et des collections de cultures de Ressources naturelles Canada en comparaison avec celle rapportée en Europe et aux États-Unis. À partir des connaissances développées en Europe sur la mérule, nous décrivons sa biologie, sa détection, la prévention de sa contamination et la restauration des bâtiments affectés dans le contexte réglementaire québécois et canadien.
Favoriser l’équité dans les classes caractérisées par une forte diversité linguistique : recours aux activités plurilingues dans une perspective coopérative
Authors: Buchs Céline , Margas Nicolas , Cazin Claire , Ramírez Marcela , Fratianni Sonia
Published: October 2019

Cette recherche-action a été développée en collaboration avec une enseignante d’une classe de 3e primaire (7-8 ans) afin de soutenir la participation de tous les élèves dans une classe multiculturelle et plurilingue. La stratégie pédagogique implantée porte une attention particulière aux élèves peu choisis comme camarades de jeu ou partenaires de travail – autrement dit, qui ont un bas statut parmi leurs pairs. L’objectif du dispositif est de valoriser la contribution de ces élèves en s’appuyant sur leurs compétences linguistiques en langue d’origine dans des activités coopératives. L’étude mesure l’évolution de leur statut parmi les pairs (le nombre de fois où ils sont choisis pour jouer ou travailler) et évalue dans quelle mesure ce statut prédit les interactions dans les petits groupes avant et après l’intervention. Avant l’intervention, ceux qui ont un statut plus élevé dominent les interactions, indiquant une participation inégale. Suite à l’intervention, les statuts et la participation s’améliorent pour tous, et particulièrement pour les élèves qui avaient un statut initial bas. Le statut ne prédit alors plus les interactions dans les groupes de travail. Ces résultats ouvrent des pistes pour favoriser l’équité dans les classes à forte diversité linguistique.
Brian Cherney as Scholar and Creative Artist
Authors: Elliott Robin
Published: October 2019

While best known as a composer, Cherney has also been active in music scholarship. His doctoral thesis in musicology was on German music criticism during the Weimar era, but in his later career he has made important and timely interventions into Canadian music studies. Among his publications are articles on John Weinzweig and Pierre Mercure, as well as a monograph on Harry Somers, who is the subject of his ongoing research. His course on Canadian music at McGill University has introduced many students to the serious study and understanding of composed music in Canada. This article considers Cherney’s music scholarship and speculates on how this work may have had an impact upon his creative activities as a composer.
Ascending Music: Meaning and Expression in the Chamber Music of Brian Cherney
Authors: Brook Taylor
Published: October 2019

This article investigates the musical language of Brian Cherney, applying the idea of musical topics as a strategy for analyzing the extramusical content of his music. The idea of musical topics, traditionally applied to works from the classical era, is expanded with a collection of topics that are specific to Cherney’s work. Focusing on a set of chamber pieces from throughout Cherney’s compositional output beginning in the 1960s, this article focuses particularly on the topic of “ascending music,” tracing its musical and expressive meaning through these chamber works. The article concludes with a topic-based analysis of Gan Eden, a 1983 piece for violin and piano, providing an example of how topics coexist and interact within a single composition.
Experiencing Time in Brian Cherney’s String Quartet No. 4 (1994)
Authors: Neidhöfer Christoph
Published: October 2019

Brian Cherney’s Fourth String Quartet (1994), in one movement lasting half an hour, is striking for its formal coherence and diversity of materials. The work achieves large-scale cohesion not only through an intricate interplay of three simultaneously unfolding “main structures”—four attacca movements in one, on one level, seven sections forming certain temporal proportions, on another, and four cycles of “breathing rhythms” derived from the same proportions on a third level, as documented in the manuscript sources—but also through the continually fluctuating tension we experience throughout the movement between ontological and psychological time. Pierre Souvtchinsky’s notion of a “counterpoint” between “ontological time” (i.e., clock or real time) and a particular music’s inherent time shaped by “the material and technical means by which [the] music is expressed” is referenced to demonstrate how in Cherney’s quartet fixed proportions and slow, stable polyrhythms active in the background afford space for foreground activity that has its own sense of time. The article further explores the notion of time in a second, metaphorical dimension, as concerns intertextual allusions in the quartet.
Ce que les collections numériques font aux bibliothèques
Authors: Epron Benoît , Burgy Florence
Published: October 2019

Le développement des collections numériques interroge en profondeur le rôle et les pratiques professionnelles en bibliothèques. Dans cet article, nous abordons la question de ces nouvelles collections à la fois du point de vue des professionnels et des usagers. Nous proposerons une analyse portant sur les questions de choix et de sélection, d’organisation et de classification et enfin de services rendus aux usagers. Cette analyse d’appuiera sur trois caractéristiques des collections numériques que sont leur instabilité, leur offre quasi infinie et leur hétérogénéité. Ces trois dimensions obligent les bibliothécaires à reconsidérer leur fonction et leur rôle dans la construction intellectuelle et organisationnelle des collections. Nous aborderons enfin la réception de ces collections numériques du point de vue des usagers. En effet, les usagers sont aujourd’hui largement confrontés à des offres proches dans leur structure de celles des bibliothèques. Le modèle de l’abonnement conduit à des mécanismes de paiement forfaitaire pour l’accès, et non la possession, à un vaste ensemble de ressources numériques, sans cesse en évolution. Le développement très rapide de ce type de modèle pour l’ensemble des industries culturelles amène chez les individus, et donc les usagers des bibliothèques, au développement d’une forme de littératie numérique d’appréhension et d’exploitation de ces collections. Cela passe par des interfaces innovantes d’exploration et de médiation dans lesquelles nous retrouvons certains mécanismes récurrents : les étagères infinies et la recommandation algorithmique. Nous conclurons cet article par la présentation rapide de projets en cours sur ces problématiques et la nécessité de déployer une réflexion en profondeur sur la place des bibliothèques dans ce nouvel écosystème.
Are Biomechanical Features of the Foot and Ankle Related to Lumbopelvic Motor Control?
Authors: Kararti Caner , Bilgin Sevil , Dadali Yeliz , Büyükturan Buket , Büyükturan Öznur , Bek Nilgün
Published: October 2019

Background

Any pathomechanical change in the foot or ankle is expected to cause adverse biomechanical effects on the lumbopelvic region. However, no objective data can be found in the literature regarding the effects of musculus transversus abdominis (mTrA) and musculus lumbar multifidus (mLM), which are effective muscles in lumbopelvic motor control, or regarding the extent of their effects.

Methods

Sixty-four healthy young adults were assessed by a physiotherapist (C.K.) experienced in treating feet and a radiologist (Y.D.) specialized in muscular imaging. In the determination of biomechanical properties of the foot, the navicular drop test (NDT), Foot Posture Index (FPI), pedobarographic plantar pressure analysis, and isokinetic strength dynamometer measurements were used in determining the strength of the muscles around the ankle. Ultrasonographic imaging was used to determine mTrA and mLM thicknesses.

Results

Significant correlation was found between NDT results and mTrA and mLM thicknesses (P < .05) and between FPI results and mTrA thicknesses (P < .05). As the peak pressure of the foot medial line increased, mTrA and mLM thicknesses decreased (P < .05). Although dorsiflexion muscle strength was also effective, mTrA and mLM thicknesses were found to increase especially as plantarflexion muscle strength increased (P < .05).

Conclusions

These results show that the biomechanical and musculoskeletal properties of the foot-ankle are associated with lumbopelvic stability.
Recovering Unlawful Advantages in the Context of EU State Aid Tax Ruling Investigations
Authors: Cleynenbreugel Pieter Van
Published: October 2019

The European Commission has recently begun focus increasingly on the compatibility of Member States’ tax ruling procedures with EU State aid law. In that respect, it has ordered the recovery of unlawfully granted advantages through those procedures. This article examines to what extent the application of EU law principles of legitimate expectations and legal certainty are to take stock in State aid recovery proceedings of this particular legal certainty-enhancing and legitimate expectations creating tax ruling context. It additionally questions whether recovery in this particular context should be tailored to the specific national ruling framework having resulted in the advantage granted in violation of Article 107 TFEU.
Room to Manoeuvre for Member States: Issues for Decision on the Occasion of the Transposition of the Damages Directive
Authors: Piszcz Anna
Published: October 2019

Soon Member States will bring into force the laws, regulations and administrative provisions necessary to comply with the Damages Directive (2014/104/EU). Usually Member States do not seem willing to introduce a broader scope of the application of principles embodied in EU directives. For Member States, “copy-pasting” a directive's content into a piece of national legislation is one of the simplest ways to implement a directive (another very simple one is implementation by reference; it is just referring the reader to the directive and should not be applied where the rules in a directive are not sufficiently precise, so it is not applied very often). Member States that work on the implementation of the Damages Directive either do it in a minimalist manner, mainly "copy-pasting" its content, or take the legislative opportunity to do something more and "tidy up" domestic provisions on the occasion of the transposition of the Directive. Some Member States have chosen that last option. The article attempts to highlight some of the considerations that may be of particular relevance in this process, with the aim of formulating some recommendations for national legislatures, even though implementation works are drawing to a dose. First, some “spontaneous harmonisation” of a scope broader than that provided for in the Directive is recommended on the background of the material (substantive) scope of the Directive and its transposition. The other important considerations are addressed to the personal scope of the Directive and its transposition. Finally, the short review of some more detailed issues for decision on the occasion of the transposition of the Directive is offered. Considerations regarding the principle of civil liability, the use of collective redress mechanisms, minimum harmonisation clauses, institutional design of private enforcement of competition law, as well as incentives to voluntarily provide compensation to injured parties can be found therein.
The Very Essence of the Internal Market Freedoms
Authors: Quadros Inês
Published: October 2019

The guarantee of the very essence of rights is a well-known concept in the German tradition of rights' adjudication. The Court of Justice of the European Union has been influenced by the methods of control used by the German Constitutional Law in relation to restrictions to fundamental rights, and the Charter of Fundamental Rights has adopted some of the limits used therein. The article discusses whether the language of rights developed by the Court of Justice in relation to the internal market freedoms allows for the use of the guarantee of their essential core as a limit to State restrictions. Furthermore, it tries to define what should be taken as the inner core of fundamental freedoms. Attention is drawn to the relationship between the very essence of rights and the proportionality principle. The emphasis put by the Court on this principle shows that the inner core of the freedoms should come as a result of a balancing exercise between these and other compelling interests.
Search Design Policy, Digital Disruption and Competition Law
Authors: Falce Valeria , Granieri Massimiliano
Published: October 2019

It is debatable whether traditional competition law tools and remedies are able to deal with the digital disruption and whether it is desirable to adjust or even replace categories that have proven to be mainly suited to tackle anticompetitive conducts associated with stable innovations in market where static competition prevails. From a bottom-up perspective, such Grand Question could well be addressed looking at the European Google Shopping case, just adopted at EU level, that will be analysed below with the aim of assessing whether and to which extent the positive antitrust toolbox is flexible enough to effectively cope with the data-driven era.
Access to Leniency Documents and Actions for Damages – an Uneasy Match
Authors: Kowalik-Bańczyk Krystyna
Published: October 2019

Directive 2014/104 of the European Parliament and the Council of 26 November 2014 (hereinafter Damages Directive) constitutes a first attempt to harmonize the actions for damages for infringement of competition law provisions both at national and European level.
EU Case Law Developments on Age Discrimination
Authors: Peres Catarina Vieira
Published: October 2019

The principle of non-discrimination on grounds of age has been declared an autonomous EU law principle by the European Court of Justice. This principle has been specified in a Directive, but its scope of application is currently limited to employment and occupational activities. The Directive protects both younger and older workers from being directly or indirectly discriminated due to their age. However, given the specificity of age as a factor of discrimination, the Directive allows the Member States to apply some derogations to this principle if, within the context of national law, they are objectively and reasonably justified by a legitimate aim. In the present contribution, we intend to analyse the Court’s application and interpretation of the principle of non-discrimination on grounds of age as established in the Directive and comment on some of the most relevant preliminary rulings. In many of these rulings, the Court was asked whether the Directive precludes national norms which establish a mandatory retirement age or foresee the termination of the employment contract when the worker reaches a certain age. The Court’s interpretation of the principle of non-discrimination on grounds of age, as established in the Directive, could contribute to easing some of the EU´s current economic, social and demographic challenges and to the improvement of European workers’ lives; however, the Court seems to accept Member States’ derogations to this principle too easily.
Unresolved Questions Regarding Lawyers’ Fees and the Restriction of Competition
Authors: Ferraro Fabio
Published: October 2019

This paper explores the most salient aspects of the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union on legal services in order to highlight a lack of clarity in defining the terms of compatibility between European Union law and national rules on lawyers’ fees. This is a complex issue and one that has not yet been finally resolved, especially in a difficult context such as that of the Italian market, which is characterised by an extremely large number of lawyers, which in itself entails the risk of deterioration in the quality of services provided, with services being offered at a discount. In Italy, following the Cipolla judgment of the ECJ and the resulting abolition of the system of fixed remuneration (minimum and maximum fees), new measures were introduced by the State and professional organisations to protect members of the legal profession (particularly to safeguard lawyers in a weaker position in dealings with powerful clients such as banks and insurance companies) and to ensure fair remuneration. In accordance with the Wouters exemption and the increasing role of economic analysis in competition rules, these measures require a reflective analytical approach in order to evaluate their compatibility with European Union law.