bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluating shear test methods for stabilised rammed earth
Authors: Cheah Jing Siong John , Walker Pete , Heath Andrew , Morgan Te Kipa Kepa Brian
Published: April 2012

Rammed earth is an accessible, sustainable and increasingly popular building material. Owing to a lack of research, current design standards for rammed earth have taken a conservative stance on material attributes like shear strength. Evaluating the shear strength of rammed earth is particularly important in seismic areas because of the material's high mass, low ductility and propensity to fail in shear. Shear test methods designed for other materials have typically been used in practice to determine the shear strength of rammed earth. In this research the design shear strength guidance available in current earth building standards was compared with experimental shear strength results for stabilised rammed earth. The triaxial (geotechnical) and triplet (masonry) tests were used to evaluate specimens reinforced with natural fibres: sisal and New Zealand flax. Both shear test methods showed that the shear strength capacity of cement-stabilised rammed earth was greater than the current guidance provided in the earth building standards. Recommendations were made to use the triaxial test to evaluate the shear strength of stabilised rammed earth and to allow the use of design shear strength equal to 7% of the compressive strength.
On uniform definability of types over finite sets
Authors: Guingona Vincent
Published: April 2012

In this paper, using definability of types over indiscernible sequences as a template, we study a property of formulas and theories called “uniform definability of types over finite sets” (UDTFS). We explore UDTFS and show how it relates to well-known properties in model theory. We recall that stable theories and weakly o-minimal theories have UDTFS and UDTFS implies dependence. We then show that all dp-minimal theories have UDTFS.
Multiplicative valued difference fields
Authors: Pal Koushik
Published: April 2012

The theory of valued difference fields (K, σ, υ,) depends on how the valuation υ interacts with the automorphism σ. Two special cases have already been worked out - the isometric case, where υ(σ(x)) = υ(x) for all x Є K, has been worked out by Luc Belair, Angus Macintyre and Thomas Scanlon; and the contractive case, where υ(σ(x)) > nυ(x) for all x Є K× with υ(x) > 0 and n Є ℕ, has been worked out by Salih Azgin. In this paper we deal with a more general version, the multiplicative case, where υ(σ(x)) = ρ · υ(x), where ρ (> 0) is interpreted as an element of a real-closed field. We give an axiomatization and prove a relative quantifier elimination theorem for this theory.
A version of p-adic minimality
Authors: Cluckers Raf , Leenknegt Eva
Published: April 2012

We introduce a very weak language on p-adic fields K, which is just rich enough to have exactly the same definable subsets of the line K that one has using the ring language. (In our context, definable always means definable with parameters.) We prove that the only definable functions in the language are trivial functions. We also give a definitional expansion of in which K has quantifier elimination, and we obtain a cell decomposition result for -definable sets.

Our language can serve as a p-adic analogue of the very weak language (<) on the real numbers, to define a notion of minimality on the field of p-adic numbers and on related valued fields. These fields are not necessarily Henselian and may have positive characteristic.
A stochastic interpretation of propositional dynamic logic: expressivity
Authors: Doberkat Ernst-Erich
Published: April 2012

We propose a probabilistic interpretation of Propositional Dynamic Logic (PDL). We show that logical and behavioral equivalence are equivalent over general measurable spaces. This is done first for the fragment of straight line programs and then extended to cater for the nondeterministic nature of choice and iteration, expanded to PDL as a whole. Bisimilarity is also discussed and shown to be equivalent to logical and behavioral equivalence, provided the base spaces are Polish spaces. We adapt techniques from coalgebraic stochastic logic and point out some connections to Souslin's operation from descriptive set theory. This leads to a discussion of complete stochastic Kripke models and model completion, which permits an adequate treatment of the test operator.
Multiorgan Insulin Sensitivity in Lean and Obese Subjects
Authors: Conte Caterina , Fabbrini Elisa , Kars Marleen , Mittendorfer Bettina , Patterson Bruce W. , Klein Samuel
Published: April 2012

OBJECTIVE

To provide a comprehensive assessment of multiorgan insulin sensitivity in lean and obese subjects with normal glucose tolerance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp procedure with stable isotopically labeled tracer infusions was performed in 40 obese (BMI 36.2 ± 0.6 kg/m2, mean ± SEM) and 26 lean (22.5 ± 0.3 kg/m2) subjects with normal glucose tolerance. Insulin was infused at different rates to achieve low, medium, and high physiological plasma concentrations.

RESULTS

In obese subjects, palmitate and glucose Ra in plasma decreased with increasing plasma insulin concentrations. The decrease in endogenous glucose Ra was greater during low-, medium-, and high-dose insulin infusions (69 ± 2, 74 ± 2, and 90 ± 2%) than the suppression of palmitate Ra (52 ± 4, 68 ± 1, and 79 ± 1%). Insulin-mediated increase in glucose disposal ranged from 24 ± 5% at low to 253 ± 19% at high physiological insulin concentrations. The suppression of palmitate Ra and glucose Ra were greater in lean than obese subjects during low-dose insulin infusion but were the same in both groups during high-dose insulin infusion, whereas stimulation of glucose Rd was greater in lean than obese subjects across the entire physiological range of plasma insulin.

CONCLUSIONS

Endogenous glucose production and adipose tissue lipolytic rate are both very sensitive to small increases in circulating insulin, whereas stimulation of muscle glucose uptake is minimal until high physiological plasma insulin concentrations are reached. Hyperinsulinemia within the normal physiological range can compensate for both liver and adipose tissue insulin resistance, but not skeletal muscle insulin resistance, in obese people who have normal glucose tolerance.
The vertical jump height of soccer players after static overstretching
Authors: Vasconcellos Fabrício Vieira do Amaral , Salles Paulo Gil da Costa Mendes de , Junior Abdallah Achour , Mello Danielli Braga de , Dantas Estélio Henrique Martin
Published: April 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of static overstretching on performing a vertical jump.

Methods

A methodological model was used, using descriptive and comparative methods on 45 randomly selected under-15-year-old male soccer players. Three jump test measurements were taken over a period of several days, where the first measurement included a pre-test in order to familiarize the athletes with using a contact mat, where maximum vertical jump height was recorded as a control. The second measurement had the athletes perform a vertical jump after static overstretching of the lower limbs. The third test had the athletes perform another vertical jump with no overstretching as another control.

Results

The results found a significant difference in vertical jump heights (Δ% = 34.1%, p < 0.05), with jumps performed after static overstretching to be much lower.

Conclusions

The usage of such a static overstretching method negatively influences the vertical jump within the tested group of under-15 male soccer players.
The notion of the body and sex in simone de beauvoir's philosophy
Authors: Tiukało Alicja
Published: April 2012

In her masterpiece The Second Sex, Simone de Beauvoir depicts the atrocities of a typical patriarchal society. The author assumes that every human being should have the opportunity to experience feelings of a conquest and of being conquered to fully appreciate freedom. The body, the essential condition of human existence, is equally an object and a subject. Unfortunately, as Beauvoir reveals, this ontological rule is not respected in a society dominated by men. Patriarchy juxtaposes a male body, the subject, with a female body, the object. The main purpose of the present article is to answer the question, which many interpreters of Beauvoir's text have posed themselves: does Beauvoir really blame only patriarchy for such an injustice or is she rather willing to admit that female biology also contributes to such a biased situation. Researchers have never been unanimous on this issue. However, deeper analysis of The Second Sex as presented in this article finds that Beauvoir does not explain the social situation of women as a result of their biology at any point. According to Beauvoir, the discrimination of women in society is totally undeserved. This article also illustrates the originality of Beauvoir's thoughts in relations to Jean-Paul Sartre's philosophy. In her times, Beauvoir was mainly known as a novelist and the publication of The Second Sex was, misleadingly, not regarded by critics as a philosophical work. In The Second Sex, Beauvoir presents her own theory of interpersonal relationship, different from the one created in Sartre's Being and Nothingness.
Recombinants of PVY Strains Predominate Among Isolates from Potato Crop in Poland
Authors: Yin Zhimin , Chrzanowska Mirosława , Michalak Krystyna , Zagórska Helena , Zimnoch-Guzowska Ewa
Published: April 2012

Recombinants of PVY Strains Predominate Among Isolates from Potato Crop in Poland

282 Potato virus Y (PVY) isolates collected from potato crops in northern and central Poland from 1995 to 2009 were characterized by serological and biological assays. From these, 112 isolates collected from 2006 to 2009 were additionally analyzed by one-step triplex Reverse Transcription-Polymeraze Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). Recombinants of PVY strains predominate among the isolates tested. Using one-step triplex RT-PCR most PVYN-Wi isolates were classified as subgroup PVYNWi-P and most PVYN and/or PVYNTN isolates as the recombinant PVYNTN strain. A recombinant PVYNTN isolate (12/94) and two additional PVYN and/or PVYNTN isolates were not detected by one-step triplex RT-PCR. Twelve isolates were identified as the PVYO strain but PVYN, non-recombinant PVYNTN and PVYC strains were not found. Serological and biological assays of 144 isolates of PVYN-Wi strain showed that 100 isolates were the expected PVYO serotype with vein necrosis (VN) symptoms on tobacco. However, 10 isolates of the PVYNWi-P subgroup exhibited vein clearing (VCl) on tobacco and 2 isolates of the PVYNN242 subgroup unexpectedly exhibited as the PVYN serotype. All the isolates of PVYN-Wi strain induced severe local lesions (LL) on Chenopodium amaranticolor. Out of 126 isolates of PVYNTN strain tested, 76 were typical PVYN serotype with VN on tobacco, but their reactions on C. amaranticolor were different: 13 isolates did not show symptoms, 23 isolates induced weak, and 40 isolates induced severe LL. The remaining isolates of PVYN-Wi, PVYN and/or PVYNTN or PVYO were serologically PVYN and PVYO positive or exhibited unpredictable serological and biological reactions.
Analysis of Downy Mildew Infection of Field Pea Varieties Using the Logistic Model
Authors: Bakinowska Ewa , Pilarczyk Wiesław , Osiecka Agnieszka , Wiatr Kazimierz
Published: April 2012

Analysis of Downy Mildew Infection of Field Pea Varieties Using the Logistic Model

The logistic model is commonly used for analysis of discrete, multinomial data. Such a model was used for the statistical evaluation of data concerning infection of field pea varieties by downy mildew, in two series of field trials. Each series consisted of experiments performed in locations spread over the whole of Poland in the time period from 2002 to 2005. Varieties cultivated on light soils were compared in the first series, and varieties cultivated on rich soils in the second. The most resistant varieties were identified (Sokolik - light soils, Terno - rich soils) and significant differences among varieties were detected. Estimators of model parameters were found using the Fisher scoring method implemented inlogistic glmprocedure of the SAS system.
Role of Abiotic Factors on Seasonal Abundance and Infestation of Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae (COQ.) on Bitter Gourd
Authors: Raghuvanshi Avadhesh , Satpathy Subrata , Mishra Debi
Published: April 2012

Role of Abiotic Factors on Seasonal Abundance and Infestation of Fruit Fly, Bactrocera Cucurbitae (COQ.) on Bitter Gourd

Throughout the year, there was an abundance of fruit flies in Cue-lure baited traps. Two peaks; in summer and kharif (Autumn) coincided with the 14 SW and 43 SW respectively. In kharif, maximum bitter gourd fruit damage (62.70%) occurred in the 45 SW. A second peak, with 49.70% fruit damage was observed during the 15 SW period. The temperature (maximum and minimum) showed a significant positive correlation with adult abundance, fruit damage and pupal population. The temperature recorded during the preceding first, second and third weeks had a slightly greater impact than the temperature of the current week in which the fruit fly abundance had been checked. Other abiotic factors had a non-significant effect on fruit fly adult activity, fruit damage and pupal population.
Reduced Herbicide Doses Used Together with Allelopathic Sorghum and Sunflower Water Extracts for Weed Control in Wheat
Authors: Razzaq Abdul , Cheema Zahid , Jabran Khawar , Hussain Mubshar , Farooq Muhammad , Zafar Mohsin
Published: April 2012

Reduced Herbicide Doses Used Together with Allelopathic Sorghum and Sunflower Water Extracts for Weed Control in Wheat

Water extracts from allelopathic crops possess the potential to control weeds effectively, especially when used in combination with reduced rates of herbicides. Label doses of different herbicides and their seventy percent reduced doses, were combined with 18 l/ha each of allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extracts (WE). This combination was sprayed 30 days after sowing (DAS) for weed control in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Maximum reduction in total weed density and dry weight over the control, was recorded in a field sprayed with mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG) at 14.4 g active substance (a.s.)/ha. However, sorghum + sunflower WE each at 18 l/ha combined with doses which had been reduced by 70% of mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 12 EC at 36 g a.s./ha), or metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) or mesosulfuron + idosulfuron (Atlantis 3.6 WG at 4.32 g a.s./ha), reduced total weed dry weight by more than 90%, over the control. Sorghum and sunflower water extracts each at 18 l/ha combined with metribuzin + phenoxaprop (Bullet 38 SC at 57 g a.s./ha) produced a maximum number of productive tillers, spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, biological yield and grain yield. Moreover, this treatment was the most economical along with having the maximum net benefits. The results suggested that weeds can be controlled in wheat, for a higher yield, when a 70% reduced herbicide dose is used in combination with allelopathic sorghum and sunflower water extracts.
Does the Development of Alternative Energy Technologies Allow for New Forms of Coopetition?
Authors: Galich Ante , Marz Lutz
Published: April 2012

Does the Development of Alternative Energy Technologies Allow for New Forms of Coopetition?

The article at hand illustrates how new types of coopetition emerge in the transformation of large technical systems. It builds on the latest literature on coopetition and highlights diverse institutional arrangements for coopetition, their effects on the actual innovation and the potential benefits for the firms involved. In contrast to many incremental innovations, the transformation of large technical systems requires the cooperation of many diverse actors as various resources are needed. This does not only open up the opportunity of new private-private or public-private cooperations but also brings about various new forms of commonly performed practices.
Reliability of Handgrip Strength Test in Basketball Players
Authors: Gerodimos Vassilis
Published: April 2012

Reliability of Handgrip Strength Test in Basketball Players

Handgrip strength is important in basketball as various movements rely on the continuous use of wrist and digits flexor muscles when catching, holding, shooting and throwing the ball. Therefore, the assessment of handgrip strength is used in prepubertal, adolescent and adult basketball players. The reliability of handgrip strength may be influenced by several factors including age. The purpose of this study was to examine the reliability of handgrip strength in basketball players from childhood to adulthood. Male basketball players (n = 90) were assigned into three groups: prepubertal (9.8 ± 0.7yrs), adolescents (14.4 ± 0.6yrs), and adults (26.1 ± 5.6yrs). Each participant performed three maximal isometric contractions on each hand in two occasions, one day apart. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated. The test-retest reliability was high for both preferred (ICC = 0.94 - 0.98) and non-preferred (ICC = 0.96 - 0.98) hands, without differences in reliability among age-groups. The results showed a significant age-related increase (p < 0.05) in absolute and relative handgrip strength irrespective of hand preference. The present results indicate that maximum handgrip strength can be measured reliably, using the Jamar hand dynamometer, in basketball players from childhood to adulthood.
Whole Body Vibration Training is Osteogenic at the Spine in College-Age Men and Women
Authors: Ligouri Gianna , Shoepe Todd , Almstedt Hawley
Published: April 2012

Whole Body Vibration Training is Osteogenic at the Spine in College-Age Men and Women

Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disease characterized by low bone mass which is currently challenging the American health care system. Maximizing peak bone mass early in life is a cost-effective method for preventing osteoporosis. Whole body vibration (WBV) is a novel exercise method with the potential to increase bone mass, therefore optimizing peak bone and decreasing the risk for osteoporotic fracture. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate changes in bone mineral density at the hip, spine, and whole body in college-age men and women who underwent a WBV training protocol. Active men (n=6) and women (n=4), ages 18-22 participated in the WBV training; while an additional 14 volunteers (1 male, 13 female) served as controls. All participants completed baseline and follow-up questionnaires to assess health history, physical activity, dietary intake, and menstrual history. The WBV training program, using a Vibraflex 550, incorporated squats, stiff-leg dead lifts, stationary lunges, push-up holds, bent-over rows, and jumps performed on the platform, and occurred 3 times a week, for 12 weeks. Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic Explorer, Waltham, MA, USA) was used to assess bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2). A two-tailed, t-test identified significantly different changes in BMD between the WBV and control groups at the lateral spine (average change of 0.022 vs. -0.015 g/cm2). The WBV group experienced a 2.7% and 1.0% increase in BMD in the lateral spine and posterior-anterior spine while the control group decreased 1.9% and 0.9%, respectively. Results indicate that 12 weeks of WBV training was osteogenic at the spine in college-age men and women.
The GABPB1 gene A/G polymorphism in Polish rowers
Authors: Maciejewska-Karłowska A. , Leońska-Duniec A. , Cięszczyk P. , Sawczuk M. , Eider J. , Ficek K. , Sawczyn S.
Published: April 2012

The GABPB1 gene A/G polymorphism in Polish rowers

Nuclear respiratory factor 2 (NRF2), also referred to as the GA-binding protein (GABP) transcription factor, is a key transcriptional activator of many nuclear genes which encode a wide range of mitochondrial enzymes. The variants of the GABPB1 gene encoding the beta1 subunit of NRF2 protein have been associated with physical performance, particularly endurance. The aim of this study was to confirm the possible importance of the A/G polymorphism (rs7181866) in intron 3 of the GABPB1 gene in Polish rowers. The study was carried out on 55 Polish rowers and sedentary individuals, to evaluate the possible relationships between genotype and physical performance. DNA was extracted from buccal cells donated by the subjects. Genotyping was carried out by PCR-RFLP. The results revealed that the frequency of the GABPB1 A/G genotype (89.09% AA; 10.91% AG, 0% GG; vs. 97.69% AA; 2.31% AG; 0.00% GG) %; P = 0.012) and G allele (5.50% vs. 1.17%; P = 0.014) was significantly higher in the rowers compared to controls. The results suggest that the GABPB1 gene can be taken into consideration as a genetic marker in endurance athletes. However, these conclusions should be supported with more experimental studies on other GABPB1 polymorphisms and other genes in elite endurance athletes.
The Use of Match Statistics that Discriminate Between Successful and Unsuccessful Soccer Teams
Authors: Castellano Julen , Casamichana David , Lago Carlos
Published: April 2012

The Use of Match Statistics that Discriminate Between Successful and Unsuccessful Soccer Teams

Three soccer World Cups were analysed with the aim of identifying the match statistics which best discriminated between winning, drawing and losing teams. The analysis was based on 177 matches played during the three most recent World Cup tournaments: Korea/Japan 2002 (59), Germany 2006 (59) and South Africa 2010 (59). Two categories of variables were studied: 1) those related to attacking play: goals scored, total shots, shots on target, shots off target, ball possession, number of off-sides committed, fouls received and corners; and 2) those related to defence: total shots received, shots on target received, shots off target received, off-sides received, fouls committed, corners against, yellow cards and red cards. Discriminant analysis of these matches revealed the following: (a) the variables related to attacking play that best differentiated between winning, drawing and losing teams were total shots, shots on target and ball possession; and (b) the most discriminating variables related to defence were total shots received and shots on target received. These results suggest that winning, drawing and losing national teams may be discriminated from one another on the basis of variables such as ball possession and the effectiveness of their attacking play. This information may be of benefit to both coaches and players, adding to their knowledge about soccer performance indicators and helping to guide the training process.
The oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Langhian foraminiferal tests as a paleoecological proxy in a marginal part of the Carpathian Foredeep (Czech Republic)
Authors: Holcová Katarína , Demeny Attila
Published: April 2012

The oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Langhian foraminiferal tests as a paleoecological proxy in a marginal part of the Carpathian Foredeep (Czech Republic)

Foraminiferal assemblages from three locations of the Moravian part of the Carpathian Foredeep (Kralice, Přemyslovice, Židlochovice) have been studied in order to determine the paleoenvironmental conditions during the Early Badenian (Middle Miocene). Paleobiological characteristics (plankton/benthos-ratio, relative abundances of warm-water plankton species, five-chamberedGloboturborotalitaspp.,Coccolithus pelagicusand high nutrient markers [benthos], test sizes and ranges ofGlobigerinasp. and cibicidoids, Benthic Foraminiferal Oxygen Index) were determined along with stable C and O isotope compositions. The stable isotope compositions show large variabilities indicating sample inhomogeneity in well preserved foraminiferal samples, interpreted as a sign of primary environmental variation and postmortem mixing of tests of different populations and sources. Based on the combined interpretation of paleobiological indicators and isotopic compositions, two theoretical models were established to describe the observed paleobiological and stable isotope data, that were used to categorize the locations studied. Several types of near-shore paleoenvironment were distinguished using the theoretical models: (i) bay influenced by seasonal phytodetritus supply from the continent (Kralice); (ii) dynamic shore characterized by variable isotopic compositions probably due to mixing of indigenous, transported and reworked tests (Přemyslovice); (iii) shore of alternating normal marine and continentally influenced environments (Židlochovice).
BIA: a Discriminative Phrase Alignment Toolkit
Authors: Lambert Patrik , Banchs Rafael
Published: April 2012

BIA: a Discriminative Phrase Alignment Toolkit

In most statistical machine translation systems, bilingual segments are extracted via word alignment. However, word alignment is performed independently from the requirements of the machine translation task. Furthermore, although phrase-based translation models have replaced word-based translation models nearly ten years ago, word-based models are still widely used for word alignment. In this paper we present the BIA (BIlingual Aligner) toolkit, a suite consisting of a discriminative phrase-based word alignment decoder based on linear alignment models, along with training and tuning tools. In the training phase, relative link probabilities are calculated based on an initial alignment. The tuning of the model weights may be performed directly according to machine translation metrics. We give implementation details and report results of experiments conducted on the Spanish-English Europarl task (with three corpus sizes), on the Chinese-English FBIS task, and on the Chinese-English BTEC task. The BLEU score obtained with BIA alignment is always as good or better than the one obtained with the initial alignment used to train BIA models. In addition, in four out of the five tasks, the BIA toolkit yields the best BLEU score of a collection of ten alignment systems. Finally, usage guidelines are presented.
Effects of human impact on the beds of minor watercourses of the Aegean Island of Icaria (Greece)
Authors: Tsermegas Irena
Published: April 2012

Effects of human impact on the beds of minor watercourses of the Aegean Island of Icaria (Greece)

The aim of the work was to show the scale of changes of riverbeds in the conditions of Mediterranean climate and many ages of human impact, on the example of Icaria, an island situated in the eastern part of the Aegean Sea. The most altered riverbed fragments were selected and the main types of conversion were defined based on the terrain mapping and the interviews with the inhabitants. They are as follows: the increase in the seasonality of tides, the transformation of the riverbed fragments into paths, the narrowing of the riverbeds, the strengthening of their bottoms and banks, the partitioning of the riverbeds with the proprietary boundaries, the inclusion of the riverbeds into the irrigation system and the creation of infrastructure to be used by watermills. The riverbeds that were altered the most were the ones within villages, up to 400 m above sea level.

Changes described were taking place in stages. In antiquity they concerned only the estuary parts. Until the 1950s they covered arable areas inside the island. After 1970 there followed a drastic diminishing of flows in the riverbeds and there appeared riverbeds with artificial bottoms.
Petri Net Based Specification in the Design of Logic Controllers with Exception Handling Mechanism
Authors: Doligalski Michał , Adamski Marian
Published: April 2012

Petri Net Based Specification in the Design of Logic Controllers with Exception Handling Mechanism

Hierarchical Petri nets beside UML state machine diagrams, sequentional function charts (SFC) and hierarchical concurrent state machines are common solution for specification of logic controllers. These specification formats provide both concurrency and modeling on multi levels of abstraction (hierarchic approach). But only state machine diagrams supports exceptions handling in direct way. Program model presented in form of state machine diagram may be later transformed into a program in the SFC language or transformed in the Petri Net and implemented in the FPGA structure. Similarity between SFC language and Petri Nets give us lot of tools for analysis such control system. Article presents new approach for exceptions handling in hierarchical Petri nets as formal specification for logic controllers. Proposed method of specification can be used independently or as a part of dual specification (correlated state machine diagram and hierarchical configurable Petri Net).
Limnephilus morsei sp. n., a new species of the genus Limnephilus Leach (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) from India
Authors: Saini Malkiat , Parey Sajad
Published: April 2012

Limnephilus morseisp. n., a new species of the genusLimnephilusLeach (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae) from India

Limnephilus morseisp. n. from Apharwat (Jammu and Kashmir) is described and illustrated. With this new addition this genus is now represented by three valid species from India.
First report of Dryadaula caucasica (Zagulajev, 1970) from Central Europe and records of further rare tineids (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) in Białowieża Primeval Forest
Authors: Jaworski Tomasz , Plewa Radosław , Hilszczański Jacek
Published: April 2012

First report ofDryadaula caucasica(Zagulajev, 1970) from Central Europe and records of further rare tineids (Lepidoptera: Tineidae) in Białowieża Primeval Forest

Dryadaula caucasica(Zagulajev, 1970) (Lepidoptera: Tineidae: Dryadaulinae) is recorded for the first time in Central Europe. Two specimens were collected in Białowieża Forest, NE Poland, by rearing from the sporocarp of bracket fungus and by intercepting the adult moth with the use of a barrier trap. This record ofD. caucasicafrom Poland is the fourth known locality of this species, and is situated more than 1700 km the nearest other known location. Characteristics of the species' habitat, notes on its biology, and a distribution map are presented. New records ofAgnathosia mendicella(Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775),Montescardia tessulatellus(Zeller, 1846) andTriaxomera fulvimitrella(Sodoffsky, 1830) from Białowieża Forest are also given.
Reducing Dipteran Larvae During Vermicomposting of Household Organic Waste in Ecological Boxes
Authors: Garczyńska Mariola , Kostecka Joanna
Published: April 2012

Ograniczanie Larw Muchówek Podczas Wermikompostowania Domowych Odpadów Organicznych w Skrzynkach Ekologicznych
The Influence of "Activated" Water on Earthworms (Dendrobaena Veneta Rosa, 1893)
Authors: Kostecka Joanna , Garczyńska Mariola , Cebulak Tomasz
Published: April 2012

Wpływ Wody "Aktywowanej" na Dżdżownice (Dendrobaena Veneta Rosa, 1893)
Solar Wind-Comet Exosphere Interaction. 2. Could the Single-Fluid Gas-Dynamic Model be Applicable to the Rosetta Mission
Authors: Kartalev M. , Dobreva P. , Keremidarska V. , Dryer M.
Published: April 2012

Solar Wind-Comet Exosphere Interaction. 2. Could the Single-Fluid Gas-Dynamic Model be Applicable to the Rosetta Mission

The capabilities of a single fluid gasdynamic model of solar wind-comet exosphere interaction, presented in the accompanying (Keremidarska et al.) [23], are discussed from the point of view of its potential implementation in interpreting data, expected to be obtained by ROSETTA mission instruments in plasma environments of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. As an exapmle, some model's predictions of the structure and parameters' distribution in the inner coma of P/Halley are presented and compared with Giotto measurements. Special attention is paid to a possible non-traditional interpretation of the magnetic cavity boundasry, registered by Giotto magnetometer. Possible model's applications are discussed for each of the main expected stages in the evolution of the comet 76P/CG environments during ROSETTA rendezvous with the comet.
The Dimerisation of Phthalocyanines
Authors: Phillips David , Dhami Suman , Ostler Richard , Petrasek Zdenek
Published: April 2012

In this review, we have shown that the dimerisation of phthalocyanine compounds, notably here the sulphonated aluminium phthalocyanines, is dependent upon concentration, on the medium in which the dye is dissolved, and upon pH. Complex equilibria between various monomer and dimer species are observed as a function of pH, and the probable structures of the dimers elucidated by semi-empirical and ab initio calculations. The formation of a red-shifted dimer leads to the quenching of monomer singlet state in concentrated solution, in reverse micelles, and in lipid vesicles, and this behaviour can account for the fluorescence intensity distributions and decay characteristics of phthalocyanine dyes in living cells as a function of irradiation time.
Registration of ‘NC‐Burton’ Soybean
Authors: Cardinal A. J. , Wang S. , Bowman D. T. , Pantalone V. R.
Published: April 2012

‘NC‐Burton’ soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] (Reg. No. CV‐504, PI 664026) was cooperatively developed and released by North Carolina State University (NCSU) and the North Carolina Agricultural Research Service, and it was first tested in North Carolina yield trials in 2003. NC‐Burton is a determinate, maturity‐group‐V, high‐yielding, conventional cultivar adapted to the northern and central regions of eastern North Carolina. It was derived from the cross of the high‐yielding line TN93‐99 and the soybean cyst nematode–resistant cultivar ‘Fowler’. In the NCSU breeding trials (11 environments), NC‐Burton averaged 3466 kg ha−1, or 441 kg ha−1 more than the check cultivar ‘5601T’ under full‐season conditions. In eight average‐ to high‐yield environments in the North Carolina Official Variety Trials, NC‐Burton had a significantly higher seed yield (4091 kg ha−1) than 5601T in narrow (19‐cm) row spacing. Seed protein content was lower but the oil content was similar to that of 5601T. NC‐Burton is resistant to stem canker (caused by Diaporthe phaseolorum var. meridionalis), frogeye leaf spot (caused by Cercospora sojina Hara), and bacterial pustule [caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines (Nakano) Dye].
Registration of TAM 94L‐25‐M24, TAM 94L‐25‐M25, and TAM 94L‐25‐M30 Mutant Upland Cotton Germplasm with Improved Fiber Length and Strength
Authors: Brown I. Nino , Smith C. Wayne , Auld Dick , Hague Steve , Hequet Eric F. , Jones Don
Published: April 2012

Three putative mutant upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) germplasm lines, TAM 94L‐25‐M24, (Reg. No. GP‐952, PI 664553), TAM 94L‐25‐M25 (Reg. No. GP‐953, PI 664554), and TAM 94L‐25‐M30 (Reg. No. GP‐954, PI 664555), were developed by the Cotton Improvement Laboratory, Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Texas AgriLife Research and released in 2010. These lines were developed by treating the parent germplasm line, TAM 94L‐25 (PI 631440), an upland cotton line with improved high‐volume instrument (HVI) upper‐half mean length (UHML), with the chemical mutagen ethyl methanesulfonate. TAM 94L‐25‐M24, TAM 94L‐25‐M25, and TAM 94L‐25‐M30 exhibited UHML and fiber bundle tenacity that exceeded that of the parent, TAM 94L‐25. These three lines yielded as much or more than the M0 parent and exhibited other HVI fiber‐quality parameters that were within acceptable ranges. TAM 94L‐25‐M24, TAM 94L‐25‐M25, and TAM 94L‐25‐M30 should be useful in creating cultivars with improved fiber length and strength.
Registration of ‘Fieldstar’ Hard Red Spring Wheat
Authors: Fox S. L. , Lamb R. J. , McKenzie R.I.H. , Wise I. L. , Smith M.A.H. , Humphreys D. G. , Brown P. D. , Townley-Smith T. F. , McCallum B. D. , Fetch T. G. , Menzies J. G. , Gilbert J. A. , Fernandez M. R. , Despins T. , Lukow O. , Niziol D.
Published: April 2012

‘Fieldstar’ (Reg. No. CV‐1067, PI 663950) (Registration. No. 6328 by the Plant Variety Registration Office, Plant Production Division, Seed Section, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Agriculture and Agri‐Food Canada [AAFC]) hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed and released by the Cereal Research Centre of AAFC and meets the end‐use quality specifications of the Canada western red spring wheat market class. Fieldstar is a partial backcross derivative of ‘McKenzie’, with ‘Clark’ as the donor of the Sm1 gene for midge resistance, which produces a product that reduces the palatability of developing seeds to wheat midge larvae (Sitodiplosis mosellana Géhin). Fieldstar is adapted to the eastern wheat growing regions of the Canadian prairies as determined by the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative Registration Test in 2004, 2005, and 2006. For registration testing, the performance of Fieldstar was estimated using the varietal blend Fieldstar VB, which consisted of 90% Fieldstar and 10% ‘Waskada’. The grain yield of Fieldstar was similar to that of the highest‐yielding checks, McKenzie and ‘Superb’, and expressed resistance to leaf rust (caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and stem rust (caused by P. graminis Pers.:Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. E. Henn.) and intermediate resistance to common bunt [caused by Tilletia tritici (Bjerk.) R. Wolff and T. laevis Kuhn in Rabenh.], loose smut [caused by Ustilago tritici (Pers.) Rostr.], and Fusarium head blight [FHB; caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe; teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein.) Petch]. Fieldstar was released because of its combination of high yield, resistance to wheat midge, and intermediate resistance to FHB.
Registration of ‘Sabin’ Wheat
Authors: Anderson J. A. , Wiersma J. J. , Linkert G. L. , Kolmer J. A. , Jin Y. , Dill-Macky R. , Wiersma J. V. , Hareland G. A.
Published: April 2012

‘Sabin’ (Reg. No. CV‐1070, PI 659083) hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station and released in 2009. Sabin was tested as MN03358‐4 in statewide yield trials from 2006 to 2008 and in the Uniform Hard Red Spring Wheat Regional Nursery in 2006 and 2007. Sabin was released based on its high grain yield, moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe), and adult‐plant resistance to leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.). Sabin is well adapted to hard red spring wheat growing regions in Minnesota and the Upper Midwest.
Registration of Eight Six‐Rowed Feed Barley Germplasm Lines Resistant to Both Russian Wheat Aphid and Greenbug
Authors: Mornhinweg D. W. , Obert D. E. , Carver B. F.
Published: April 2012

STARS 1006B (Reg. No. GP‐200, PI 659760), STARS 1007B (Reg. No. GP‐201, PI 659761), STARS 1008B (Reg. No. GP‐202, PI 659762), STARS 1009B (Reg. No. GP‐203, PI 659763), STARS 1010B (Reg. No. GP‐204, PI 659764), STARS 1011B (Reg. No. GP‐205, PI 659765), STARS 1012B (Reg. No. GP‐206, PI 659766), and STARS 1013B (Reg. No. GP‐207, PI 659767), are winter, six‐rowed, feed barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) germplasm lines developed cooperatively by the USDA‐ARS, in Stillwater, OK, and Aberdeen, ID as sources of resistance to Russian wheat aphid [RWA; Diuraphis noxia (Kurdjumov)] and greenbug [GB; Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)]. Each resistant line is in a ‘Post 90’ background and comparable with ‘Post 90’ (PI 549081) in yield, test weight, heading date, and height in the absence of RWA and GB. Each line is highly resistant to both RWA and GB and has a wide area of adaptation ranging from irrigated production in the northwestern United States to dryland production in the southern plains, where both RWA and GB can be problematic.
Registration of GVS1, GVS2, and GVS3 Upland Cotton Lines with Varying Gland Densities and Two Near‐Isogenic Lines, GVS4 and GVS5
Authors: Scheffler Jodi A. , Romano Gabriela B.
Published: April 2012

A set of five upland (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cotton germplasm lines, GVS1 (Reg. No. GP‐947, PI 663886), GVS2 (Reg. No. GP‐948, PI 663887), GVS3 (Reg. No. GP‐949, PI 663888), GVS4 (Reg. No. GP‐950, PI 663889), and GVS5 (Reg. No. GP‐951, PI 663890) were developed and released by the USDA–ARS, Stoneville, MS in August 2009. These five lines include three semi‐glanded lines (GVS1, GVS2, GVS3) with varying gland densities and seed gossypol content, one glanded line (GVS4), and one glandless line (GVS5); all five are in the same genetic background Stoneville 7A (PI 529228). In the F11, the seed gossypol content of GVS1, GVS2, and GVS3 was 0.81, 0.49, and 0.50% of the total seed weight, respectively. The parental line Stoneville 7A had 1.54% and Stoneville 7A glandless had 0.00% seed gossypol. The near‐isogenic lines GVS4 and GVS5 had 1.51% and 0.00% seed gossypol. GVS1, GVS2, and GVS3 have stem glanding similar to the glanded parent. Calyx glanding is normal in GVS1 and GVS3, whereas GVS2 had a 17% reduction. Boll glanding scores were 67% (GVS1), 60% (GVS2), and 59% (GVS3) of the glanded parent. In the semi‐glanded lines, leaf glanding was reduced at the end of the season, but the leaves were always glanded on veins and margins. Yield and fiber properties were measured. These lines will be valuable tools for mapping, for host‐plant resistance studies, and as a resource to develop low‐seed‐gossypol lines.
Italie : la rigueur a ses raisons que le coeur ne connaît point
Authors: Caracciolo Piero
Published: April 2012

L’importante dette publique que l’Italie traîne depuis plus de vingt ans a de nouveau atteint, en 2011, le même niveau de 120% du PIB qu’elle avait déjà touché en 1994 et elle a poussé les taux d’intérêt sur les bons du trésor italiens à des niveaux que les agences de notation ont jugés dangereux pour la solvabilité de l’État. Le gouvernement de Silvio Berlusconi, en place depuis 2008, a pris des mesures d’austérité mais n’a pu convaincre ni les marchés, ni les agences, ni les autres chefs des exécutifs européens de leur efficacité. Il a ainsi démissionné le 12 novembre et a été remplacé par un cabinet formé par des experts indépendants des partis, guidé par Mario Monti, un professeur d’économie, ancien commissaire européen. Ce gouvernement, jouissant d’une plus grande crédibilité et d’un fort consensus à l’intérieur et à l’extérieur du pays, a complété les mesures de rigueur et a commencé à prendre des mesures de relance de l’économie. Ce long processus, qui a duré six mois, a été accompagné de vives discussions, voire de contestations, de la part des syndicats, des partis, des économistes et d’une myriade de comités déjà engagés dans la lutte contre Berlusconi. Ce dernier s’est vu contesté aussi bien par des libéraux, qui trouvaient sa politique trop peu novatrice, que par une gauche mettant au premier plan les exigences des citoyens. Une nouveauté caractérisant tous ces mouvements a été l’utilisation d’Internet et des sites sociaux.
Une mobilisation sociale transeuropéenne est-elle en train d'éclore au Sud ?
Authors: Belkaïd Akram
Published: April 2012

Fin février 2012, la police anglaise, accompagnée d’huissiers, démantelait le campement de tentes multicolores dressées à proximité de la Cathédrale Saint-Paul au cœur de la City londonienne. Par cette action très médiatisée, les forces de l’ordre mettaient fin à une occupation entamée en octobre 2011 et qui s’était inscrite dans le mouvement mondial des Indignés né à Madrid en Espagne, un an auparavant. Pour de nombreux observateurs, ce démontage, qui s’est déroulé sans trop de heurts, avait valeur de symbole car le village alternatif et anticapitaliste de Saint-Paul faisait figure de dernier bastion des Indignés. Quelques semaines auparavant, la police new-yorkaise avait elle aussi mit fin – avec une violence plus marquée – à l’occupation de plusieurs squares et espaces verts à proximité du New York Stock Exchange (la Bourse) et du quartier des affaires de la mégapole étasunienne. Après la fin d’« Occupy Wall Street » (Occupons Wall Street) est ainsi intervenue celle d’« Occupy the London stock exchange ». Dans une conjoncture marquée par l’essoufflement patent du mouvement des Indignés, y compris en Espagne, il n’en fallait pas plus pour que nombre de commentateurs en décrètent l’échec définitif, tout en le qualifiant d’épiphénomène romantique engendré à la fois par la crise économique et financière de 2008, mais aussi par les événements du « Printemps arabe » où les peuples, notamment ceux de Tunisie et d’Égypte, ont obtenu la chute de leurs dirigeants au cours des premiers mois de l’année 2011.
Sismicités criminelles en Méditerranée Un dangereux aveuglement
Authors: Gayraud Jean-François
Published: April 2012

Les pays du Nord de la Méditerranée vivent des crises criminelles. Des territoires toujours plus nombreux se retrouvent sous l’influence de réalités criminelles d’autant plus redoutables qu’elles sont anciennes, territorialisées, fonctionnant en quasi symbiose avec leur environnement politico-social. Cependant, ces crises sont en partie incomprises ou ignorées car latentes, permanentes et insidieuses. Là où elles sont nées, et parfois au-delà, les mafias italiennes, albanophones et turques transforment depuis longtemps les systèmes politiques et corrodent les marchés économiques et financiers. Elles s’affirment comme de vraies puissances concurrençant la souveraineté des États et des collectivités locales. Une géopolitique criminelle émerge. L’arc mafieux qui s’affirme au Nord de la Méditerranée constitue désormais un fait stratégique. Mais qui cela préoccupe t-il réellement, alors même que des dizaines de millions de méditerranéens vivent confrontées à des tyrannies criminelles au moins aussi redoutables que les anciennes tyrannies politiques ?
Contre-fictions : trois modes de combat
Authors: Citton Yves
Published: April 2012

Résumé On essaie ici de définir la notion de contre-fiction en esquissant trois types possibles. Les contre-fictions initiatrices nous permettent d’imaginer un autre monde possible qui, en suscitant notre désir, nous donne un recul critique sur le monde actuel. Les contre-fictions dénonciatrices s’insinuent dans la production des apparences pour court-circuiter la logique reproductrice du capitalisme consumériste. Les contre-fictions documentaires misent sur la charge de réalité captée par les enregistrements analogiques pour déjouer les clichés informant la programmation de notre réalité par la logique du spectacle.
Contre-fictions de soi
Authors: Houba Pascal
Published: April 2012

Résumé Resituées dans le contexte du pouvoir pastoral théorisé par Michel Foucault, où le récit de soi fait fonction de technique de gouvernement, de nombreuses contre-fictions méritent d’apparaître comme des archives d’un combat contre soi-même. Le changement de nom chez Genesis P-Orridge, la prise de drogue chez William Burroughs, la danse épileptique chez Ian Curtis ou l’érotisation des accidents de la route chez James Ballard sont autant de contre-conduites mobilisant la fiction pour opérer une transformation de soi de l’auteur et du lecteur-spectateur. Ces contre-fictions existentielles à vocation exemplaire constituent des résistances au contrôle, des actes de courage ouvrant un monde risqué qui échappe aux prévisions du système.
J'aide à partir ceux qui veulent partir, mais je veux aussi aider ceux qui restent là-bas
Authors: Nishiyama Yuko
Published: April 2012

Résumé Fondatrice de l’association des Réfugiés de Fushikima, Yuko, qui vit maintenant à Kyoto, explique à Nadine Ribault les difficultés qu’il y a eu à prendre la décision de partir. Elle vit dans un logement social dans une cité avec d’autres réfugiés. Elle songe à repartir. Elle se demande comme beaucoup d’autres ce qu’on va faire des déchets nucléaires : les concentrer dans la région de Fukushima et elle aura tout perdu ou les répartir dans tout le Japon et il ne restera plus qu’à partir plus loin encore.
Que les antinucléaires participent à l'arrêt du nucléaire dans les centrales !
Authors: Kobashi Takero
Published: April 2012

Résumé Takero s’est fait embaucher par TEPCO dans la centrale de Fushukima Daini, sœur jumelle de la centrale accidentée, avec le projet de syndicaliser les travailleurs qui sont pour l’instant le meilleur soutien du nucléaire. Les travailleurs viennent de la région, et l’électricité alimente Tokyo. Le travail est intermittent pour éviter un niveau trop élevé de radiations, la protection sociale est faible. Les déchets du nucléaire devraient être répartis dans tout le Japon pour ne pas condamner complètement la région de Fukushima, déjà parente pauvre du Japon.