bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electrochemically-Tunable Intersubband Plasmon Absorption in Carbon Nanotube Films
Authors: Abelson Alex , Jean-Remy Philip Malik , Nakotte Tom , Park Sei Jin , Hiszpanski Anna
Published: August 2024

Owing to their unique photophysics and highly tunable electronic properties, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials for next-generation electrochromic devices. Here, we present recent work on ionic liquid-gated carbon nanotube devices that show reversible, bistable, and tunable absorption of near-infrared (NIR) radiation. Gating of the CNTs enables reversible changes in the optical transmittance of up to 40% in the wavelength range of 1.7 – 2.2 µm. Additionally, these devices exhibit bistability in an open-circuit configuration that persists for hundreds of seconds. We explore—both experimentally and with numerical modelling—the impact of CNT diameter on the absorption spectrum and the electrochemical properties of the devices. Our results have implications for the use of CNTs in electrochromic, charge storage, and chemical sensing applications.
(Invited) Biofabricated Carbon Nanotube Electronics: Toward Energy-Efficient Switches in Multi-Dimensional Integration
Authors: Liu Zhihan , Liu Yingxia , Sun Wei
Published: August 2024

High-performance Si devices are approaching their physical boundaries during the continuous miniaturization following Moore's Law. New semiconductor materials are in urgent necessity, among which, carbon nanotubes（CNTs）are suggested by the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors（ITRS）as potential candidate to continue Moore's Law due to its quasi-one-dimensional structure and excellent electrical properties.

To unleash the advantages of CNTs in the post-Moore era, optimizing materials morphology, interfaces composition, and integrated structure proves to be pivotal, which constitutes the basic idea of our research. Regarding material morphology, we have fabricated evenly spaced parallel CNT materials with a spacing down to 10nm, by employing the DNA-directed high-precision assembly method. At CNT interface, we have realized fast on/off switching high-performance switches by engineering the interfacial compositions. Individual CNT displays 1G0 conductance with subthreshold swing superior to conventional Si transistors. Furthermore, we built the preliminary foundation to integrate CNT transistors into multi-dimensional circuits. Based on the control of material, interface, and integration structure, our work elucidates the potential of constructing energy-efficient computing circuit using carbon nanotube electronics.
Large Superconducting Diode Effect in Chiral Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Cuozzo Joseph , Sizemore Michael , Leonard Francois , Rossi Enrico
Published: August 2024

Superconducting electronics are ubiquitous in devices ranging from single-photon detectors to quantum bits. One of the most common superconducting circuit elements is a Josephson junction (JJ)—a junction of two superconductors coupled through either a small normal metal or an insulator. Recently, non-reciprocal switching currents in JJs based on traditional superconductors have been reported, demonstrating a robust diode effect. This so-called Josephson diode effects (JDEs) has since attracted interest to shed light on material and device properties, but also to enable new applications. In this talk, we will present theoretical results on the JDE in chiral carbon nanotubes (CNTs). We find that these CNT-JJs can exhibit large diode efficiencies when an external magnetic field is applied along the nanotube. Additionally, our numerical simulations show that the polarity of the diode can be tuned by electrostatically gating the CNT-JJ. We will discuss the microscopic details that give rise to large diode efficiencies and gate-tunability in chiral CNT-JJs.

This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), under Award DE-SC0022245. The work at Sandia is supported by a LDRD project. SNL is managed and operated by NTESS under DOE NNSA contract DE-NA0003525.
Low-Temperature Synthesis of Linear Carbon Chain inside Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Qiu Xiyang , Hu Qingmei , Feng Ya , Fitó-Parera Aina , Zheng Yongjia , Wang YuHuang , Matsuo Yutaka , Tanaka Takeshi , Kataura Hiromichi , Chiashi Shohei , Xiang Rong , Cambré Sofie , Wenseleers Wim , Rotkin Slava V. , Otsuka Keigo , Maruyama Shigeo
Published: August 2024

Linear carbon chain (LCC) has attracted much interest concerning its structure and applications. It has been reported that LCC possesses higher strength, elastic modulus, and stiffness than any known material, which provides a possibility for LCC as a new composite material, yet its chemical stability remains an issue [1]. Therefore, finding a method to efficiently synthesize LCC has become a meaningful research topic in recent years. A landmark study on LCC synthesis was given by using double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) as the template combined with a high-temperature annealing treatment at 1460°C to acquire long chains composed of more than 6,000 carbon atoms [2]. Except for DWCNTs, LCC synthesis starting from single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) as templates was also reported. However, given the instability of SWCNTs at higher temperature [2] the synthesis efficiency is not as good as for DWCNTs. As far as we know, there is still no report on an efficient LCC synthesis inside SWCNTs. Herein, we report the low-temperature (400°C) efficient LCC synthesis starting from a SWCNT template.

To this end, a SWCNT dispersion [3] underwent a surfactant exchange process and was fabricated into a SWCNT film by the filtration method. The SWCNT film was annealed under 400°C in an argon atmosphere to synthesize LCC. Raman spectroscopy (laser wavelength 532 nm) was used to characterize the efficiency of the LCC synthesis. A strong peak at 1863 cm-1 appeared after annealing, originating from the well-known C-mode of the linear carbon chain [4] thereby confirming its existence inside SWCNTs. SWCNTs synthesized by a low-pressure alcohol catalytic chemical vapor deposition (ACCVD) method [5] were also adopted for the LCC synthesis template, resulting in a similar LCC Raman peak at 1863 cm-1. We attribute this successful low-temperature LCC synthesis to the appropriate surfactant which could be encapsulated inside CNTs and converted to LCC during the annealing process.

Keywords: Linear Carbon Chain, Single-walled Carbon Nanotubes, Surfactants

References:

[1] Liu, M. et al., ACS Nano 7, 10075–10082 (2013).

[2] Lei, S. et al., Nature Mater 15, 634–639 (2016).

[3] Tanaka, T. et al., Nano Lett. 9, 4, 1497–1500 (2009).

[4] Martinati, M. et al., Carbon 189, 276–283 (2022).

[5] Maruyama, S. et al., Chem. Phys. Lett. 360, 229–234 (2002).

Figure 1
Physicochemical and Biological Characterization of Gelatin/Alginate Scaffolds Reinforced with β‐TCP, FDBA, and SrHA: Insights into Stem Cell Behavior and Osteogenic Differentiation
Authors: Mohaghegh Sadra , Nokhbatolfoghahaei Hanieh , Baniameri Sahar , Farajpour Hekmat , Fakhr Massoumeh Jabbari , Shokrolahi Fatemeh , Khojasteh Arash
Published: August 2024

Bone tissue engineering necessitates the development of scaffolds with optimal properties to provide a suitable microenvironment for cell adhesion, proliferation, and osteogenic differentiation. The selection of appropriate scaffold materials remains a critical challenge in this field. In this study, we aimed to address this challenge by evaluating and comparing the performance of hydrogel scaffolds reinforced with β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP), allograft, and a combination of allograft and strontium hydroxyapatite (SrHA). In this study, scaffolds containing the following compounds with a weight ratio of 75 : 25 : 50 were made using a 3D printer: group (1) alginate + gelatin + β‐TCP (TCP), group (2) alginate + gelatin + allograft (Allo), and group (3) alginate + gelatin + allograft + strontium hydroxyapatite (Str). Stem cells extracted from rat bone marrow (rBMSCs) were cultured on scaffolds, and cell proliferation and differentiation tests were performed. Also, the physical and chemical properties of the scaffolds were investigated. The two/one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) by Tukey’s post hoc test was performed. There was no significant difference between scaffolds with pore size and porosity. TCP scaffolds’ mechanical strength and degradation rate were significantly lower than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Also, the swelling ratio of Allo scaffolds was higher than in other samples. The amount of cell proliferation in the samples of the TCP group was lower than the other two, and the Allo samples had the best results in this concern (P < 0.01). However, the scaffolds containing strontium hydroxyapatite had significantly higher bone differentiation compared to the other two groups, and the lowest results were related to the scaffolds containing β‐TCP. Hydrogel scaffolds reinforced with allograft or its combination with strontium showed better physicochemical and biological behavior compared to those reinforced with β‐TCP. Besides, adding strontium had a limited impact on the physicochemical features of allograft‐containing scaffolds while improving their potential to induce osteogenic differentiation.
Design and Analysis of SSSC‐Based Damping Controller: A Novel Modified Zebra Optimization Algorithm Approach
Authors: Khadanga Rajendra Kumar , Das Deepa , Panda Sidhartha
Published: August 2024

The main objective of this research project is to demonstrate a valuable method for scheduling an SSSC damping controller installed in a single‐machine infinite bus (SMIB) power system. Over time, a damping controller has been used in power systems to reduce low‐frequency oscillation. The configuration challenge associated with this configuration is regarded as an optimization problem. A modified optimization algorithm (ZOA) that can be used to adjust the controller parameters is constructed by modifying the original ZOA algorithm. The suggested study distinguishes between the mZOA method, traditional ZOA, and conventional PSO algorithms. Based on the simulation findings, it can be inferred that the modified approach that has been suggested is the most effective method for defining the said damping controller by considering the percentage improvement in the objective function value.
Successful Management of Spontaneous Unilateral Twin Ectopic Pregnancy With Two‐Step Dose of Methotrexate
Authors: Forbes Lauren A. , Nuthivana Navya , Morales Renee
Published: August 2024

The incidence of unilateral tubal twin pregnancy is 1/20,000–1/250,000 with about 100 reported cases. Four of the six cases that were medically managed were successful. A 24‐year‐old female presented to the emergency department (ED) with vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping. She was hemodynamically stable without signs of an acute abdomen. Laboratory evaluation revealed she was pregnant with a serum beta‐human chorionic gonadotropin (b‐hCG) of 798 mIU/mL. Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS) revealed a single left tubal pregnancy with a yolk sac. The patient elected medical management with body surface area (BSA)–based intramuscular (IM) methotrexate (MTX). On Day 4, the patient returned to the ED; her b‐hCG was 727 mIU/mL. TVUS revealed twin left tubal pregnancies with yolk sacs and fetal poles without cardiac activity. The patient elected to continue medical management with a second dose of BSA‐based IM MTX. On Day 6, the patient returned to the ED with abdominal and rectal pain. She was hemodynamically stable without signs of an acute abdomen. Her b‐hCG was 533 mIU/mL. TVUS showed persistent twin left tubal pregnancies—one at 5 weeks gestational age and the other at 6 weeks gestational age—without evidence of rupture. The patient continued serial b‐hCGs. Thirty‐one days after the first dose of MTX, her b‐hCG was < 1 mIU/mL. TVUS showed resolution of tubal pregnancies. The patient consented to the publication of this case report. This case documents the successful treatment of spontaneous, unilateral tubal twin pregnancies with two‐step dosing of IM MTX.
Development of Prone Position Ventilation Device and Study on the Application Effect of Combined Life Support Technology in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Li Yufeng , Hu Qiaoqiao , Wang Wenjie , Du Changhong , Fan Siwen , Xu Linlin , Li Songmei , Chen Bei
Published: August 2024

Objective. This study aims to evaluate a novel prone position ventilation device designed to enhance patient safety, improve comfort, and reduce adverse events, facilitating prolonged tolerance in critically ill patients. Methods. A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 critically ill patients from January 2020 to June 2023. Of which, one self‐discharged during treatment and another was terminated due to decreased oxygenation, leaving an effective sample of 58 patients. Patients were allocated to either a control group receiving traditional prone positioning aids (ordinary sponge pads and pillows) or an intervention group using a newly developed adjustable prone positioning device. A subset of patients in each group also received life support technologies such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). We assessed prone position ventilation tolerance, oxygen saturation increments postintervention, duration of prone positioning, CRRT filter lifespan, and the incidence of adverse events. Results. The intervention group exhibited significantly longer average tolerance to prone positioning (16.6 hours vs. 8.3 hours, P < 0.001 with a difference of 8.3 (4.4, 12.2) hours), higher increases in oxygen saturation postventilation (9% vs. 6%, P < 0.001 with a difference of 3.0 (1.5, 4.5)), and reduced time required for medical staff to position patients (11.7 min vs. 21.8 min, P < 0.001 with a difference of −10.1 (−11.9, −8.3)). Adverse events, including catheter displacement or blockage, facial edema, pressure injuries, and vomiting or aspiration, were markedly lower in the intervention group, with statistical significance (P < 0.05). In patients receiving combined life support, the intervention group demonstrated improved catheter blood drainage and extended CRRT filter longevity. Conclusion. The newly developed adjustable prone ventilation device significantly improves tolerance to prone positioning, enhances oxygenation, and minimizes adverse events in critically ill patients, thereby also facilitating the effective application of life support technologies.
Playing With Spatial Frames: Altering the Body Matrix Through Multisensory Egocentric and Allocentric Body Illusions
Authors: Brizzi Giulia , Riva Giuseppe
Published: August 2024

The multifaceted nature of body experience, encompassing affective, cognitive, and perceptual components, plays a critical role in the development and persistence of conditions such as anorexia nervosa (AN). Recent research attempted to address such disturbance to improve therapeutical effectiveness, using mirror exposure (ME) and body‐swapping (BS) techniques in immersive virtual reality (VR). Procedures from a third‐person perspective—as mirror‐like experiences—were primarily used to address bodily cognitive and affective components, whereas first‐person ones—as BS—were used to correct distorted body perception. This study investigated the effect of spatial reference frame on body self‐consciousness and body perception during BS. Data revealed two main findings: Even though embodiment was significantly enhanced when participants engaged with a virtual body from a first‐person viewpoint, both egocentric and allocentric perspectives influenced body size estimation (BSE), suggesting that both spatial perspectives critically form and sustain body self‐perception. We discussed predictive coding theory to explain spatial perspective influence on body experience, highlighting the potential therapeutic benefits of incorporating first and third‐person perspectives on body illusions (BIs) for more effective interventions targeting body‐related disturbances.
Figure 7 from FLT3/CD99 Bispecific Antibody–Based Nanoparticles for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ali Atham , Phan Alvin , Vaikari Vijaya , Park Mincheol , Pospiech Mateusz , Chu Ryan , Meng Yiting , MacKay J. Andrew , Alachkar Houda
Published: August 2024

Signaling pathways and genes affected by the treatment with CD99/FLT3 fusion proteins. Following incubation of MV4-11 with treatments or controls, cell lysates were assessed using western blot against common signaling pathways associated with AML. A–D, 3 hours timepoints did not show drastic changes in SRC, ERK, and STAT5 pathways. E–H, Treatment with targeted fusion proteins reduced phosphorylation of kinases associated with AML. For example, an increase of P-SRC at 24 hours is consistent with CD99 inhibition. Image analysis was used to quantify and compare relative activation of pSTAT5, pSRC, and pERK. I, RNA-seq analysis was performed on MV4-11 cells. A Venn diagram shows the number of differentially expressed genes for cells treated with FLT3-A192, CD99-A192, or the Co-Assembled formulation. J, Differential RNA expression was analyzed using GSEA. All three treatments cluster for genes associated with cancer growth and progression. K, Treatment with FLT3-A192, CD99-A192, and Co-Assembled result in different pathways being enriched and downregulated; FDR < 25%.
Figure 5 from FLT3/CD99 Bispecific Antibody–Based Nanoparticles for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ali Atham , Phan Alvin , Vaikari Vijaya , Park Mincheol , Pospiech Mateusz , Chu Ryan , Meng Yiting , MacKay J. Andrew , Alachkar Houda
Published: August 2024

Treatment with fusion protein formulations significantly reduced leukemia burden in NSG mice. A–C, 2 × 106 MV4-11 cells were engrafted IV into NSG mice. Mice were then treated with either A192, FLT3-A192, CD99-A192, or Co-Assembled at a dose of 250 mg/kg every other day beginning at either day 7 or day 10, ending between day 21 to 28. A and B, Peripheral blood samples, (C and D) spleen samples, and (E and F) bone marrow samples show a lower percentage of huCD45+ cells between A192 and all three treatment groups. G, We engrafted 2 × 106 MV4-11 cells into NSG mice and treated these mice at day 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22 post engraftment, Kaplan–Meier survival analysis shows that mice treated with Co-Assembled survived longer than mice receiving FLT3-A192 alone. Mean ± SD (n > 5).
Figure 3 from FLT3/CD99 Bispecific Antibody–Based Nanoparticles for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Ali Atham , Phan Alvin , Vaikari Vijaya , Park Mincheol , Pospiech Mateusz , Chu Ryan , Meng Yiting , MacKay J. Andrew , Alachkar Houda
Published: August 2024

Both antibody fusions exhibit binding and specificity in MV4-11 and U937 cells. A, CD99-A192 (Rhodamine) and FLT3-A192 (FITC) bound to MV4-11 AML cells (FLT3-ITD+/CD99+). B and C, In a competitive binding assay using U937 cells (FLT3−/CD99+), we treated U937 cells with all three of our fusion proteins followed by incubation with a FITC conjugated CD99 commercial antibody (cAb) and measured CD99 cAb FITC signal using flow cytometry. We observed inhibition within both the CD99-A192 and Co-Assembled-treated groups compared with the control group.
Figure 4 from Yttrium-90 Induces an Effector Memory Response with Neoantigen Clonotype Expansion: Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Núñez Kelley , Sandow Tyler , Gimenez Juan , Hibino Mina , Cohen Ari , Thevenot Paul
Published: August 2024

TCR repertoire clonality and impacts on TTP. A, Changes in TCR repertoire measured as clonality from baseline to post-90Y. Shifts in the T-cell repertoire toward more monoclonal or polyclonal were determined by comparing clonality changes from baseline to post-90Y. B, Patients with shifts toward more polyclonal TCR repertoires had shorter rapid TTP. C, Patients with ORs to 90Y had excellent TTP. D, Patients with NORs to 90Y and shifts toward a polyclonal TCR repertoire had worse TTP.
Figure 3 from Yttrium-90 Induces an Effector Memory Response with Neoantigen Clonotype Expansion: Implications for Immunotherapy
Authors: Núñez Kelley , Sandow Tyler , Gimenez Juan , Hibino Mina , Cohen Ari , Thevenot Paul
Published: August 2024

90Y-TARE induces new clonotypes and the expansion and contraction of existing clonotypes. A, Unique clonotypes in the baseline (blue) and post-90Y (red) and shared clonotypes between baseline and post-90Y (purple). B, Percentage of the TCR repertoire that overlaps between baseline and post-90Y. C, Sum frequency of clonotypes post-90Y that were new (red) or remained from baseline (purple). D, Percentage of clonotypes shared between baseline and post-90Y that were either expanding (green), contracting (orange), or remained unchanged (gray).
Phylogenetic and taxonomic evidence reveal Punctulariopsis yunnanensis sp. nov. (Punctulariaceae, Basidiomycota) from southwest China
Authors: MUHAMMAD AKMAL , DENG YINGLIAN , DAI YUNFEI , SU JIANGQING , ZHAO CHANGLIN
Published: August 2024

A new wood-rotting fungal species, Punctulariopsis yunnanensis, is proposed based on a combination of morphology and molecular data. The species is characterized by the resupinate basidiomata with a pinkish buff salmon hymenial surface, a monomitic system, generative hyphae with clamp connections, and subhymenial generative hyphae thick-walled, and the presence of dendrohyphidia, and broadly ellipsoid basidiospores measuring 7.8–12.8 × 6–9.8 µm. Phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS and nLSU nrDNA gene regions demonstrated that P. yunnanensis formed an independent lineage and was sister to P. subglobispora with strong statistical support. A full description, illustrations and phylogenetic analysis results of the new species are provided.
Heliozela pitangavora Moreira & Fochezato sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Heliozelidae): a leaf miner micromoth associated with Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) in southern Brazil
Authors: FOCHEZATO JÚLIA , JR. LUIZ CARLOS SERAFIM RIBEIRO , GONÇALVES GISLENE LOPES , MOREIRA GILSON RUDINEI PIRES
Published: August 2024

Heliozela pitangavora Moreira & Fochezato sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Adeloidea: Heliozelidae), a leaf miner of Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae) is described in southern Brazil. Larvae, pupae and adults are characterized using optical and scanning electron microscopy, in association with data on their life history. Mitochondrial DNA (COI) sequences are provided and compared with closely related species. Individual mines initially appear as small blotches on the adaxial surface of leaves during the summer, progressively enlarging as larvae feed on leaf parenchyma. Mature larvae build typical dehiscent shields by cutting the leaf lamina, and moulting into the final, highly modified, non-feeding instar. Pupation occurs later within these shields, in the soil litter, during autumn-winter. This is the first report for Heliozela Herrich-Säffer in Brazil, and the first record of such a host-plant species for the family worldwide.
Patient reported measures of continuity of care and health outcomes: a systematic review
Authors: Burch Patrick , Walter Alex , Stewart Stuart , Bower Peter
Published: August 2024

Background

There is a considerable amount of research showing an association between continuity of care and improved health outcomes. However, the methods used in most studies examine only the pattern of interactions between patients and clinicians through administrative measures of continuity. The patient experience of continuity can also be measured by using patient reported experience measures. Unlike administrative measures, these can allow elements of continuity such as the presence of information or how joined up care is between providers to be measured. Patient experienced continuity is a marker of healthcare quality in its own right. However, it is unclear if, like administrative measures, patient reported continuity is also linked to positive health outcomes.

Methods

Cohort and interventional studies that examined the relationship between patient reported continuity of care and a health outcome were eligible for inclusion. Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL and the Cochrane Library were searched in April 2021. Citation searching of published continuity measures was also performed. QUIP and Cochrane risk of bias tools were used to assess study quality. A box-score method was used for study synthesis.

Results

Nineteen studies were eligible for inclusion. 15 studies measured continuity using a validated, multifactorial questionnaire or the continuity/co-ordination subscale of another instrument. Two studies placed patients into discrete groups of continuity based on pre-defined questions, one used a bespoke questionnaire, one calculated an administrative measure of continuity using patient reported data. Outcome measures examined were quality of life (n = 11), self-reported health status (n = 8), emergency department use or hospitalisation (n = 7), indicators of function or wellbeing (n = 6), mortality (n = 4) and physiological measures (n = 2). Analysis was limited by the relatively small number of hetrogenous studies. The majority of studies showed a link between at least one measure of continuity and one health outcome.

Conclusion

Whilst there is emerging evidence of a link between patient reported continuity and several outcomes, the evidence is not as strong as that for administrative measures of continuity. This may be because administrative measures record something different to patient reported measures, or that studies using patient reported measures are smaller and less able to detect smaller effects. Future research should use larger sample sizes to clarify if a link does exist and what the potential mechanisms underlying such a link could be. When measuring continuity, researchers and health system administrators should carefully consider what type of continuity measure is most appropriate.
Barriers and facilitators to using a clinical decision support tool for the management of osteoarthritis pain in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a qualitative study
Authors: Mohsen Mai , Abbaticchio Angelina , Zhang Tracy , Jassal S Vanita , Battistella Marisa
Published: August 2024

Background

While osteoarthritis is a significant issue within the hemodialysis population and contributes to reduced quality of life, pain related to osteoarthritis is poorly managed by healthcare professionals (HCPs) in hemodialysis settings due to the absence of clinical guidance applicable to this population. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of HCPs on the barriers and facilitators to using a clinical decision support tool for osteoarthritis pain management in the hemodialysis setting.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted. Purposeful and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit hemodialysis clinicians from academic and community settings across multiple Canadian provinces. One-to-one interviews were conducted with clinicians using a semi-structured, open ended interview guide informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, a behavior change framework. A general inductive approach was applied to identify the main themes of barriers and facilitators.

Results

A total of 11 interviews were completed with 3 nephrologists, 2 nurse practitioners and 6 pharmacists. Findings revealed 6 main barriers and facilitators related to the use of the clinical decision support tool. Alignment of the tool with practice roles emerged as a key barrier and facilitator. Other barriers included challenges related to the dialysis environment, varying levels of clinician comfort with pain medications, and limited applicability of the tool due to patient factors. An important facilitator was the intrinsic motivation among clinicians to use the tool.

Conclusions

Most participants across the included hemodialysis settings expressed satisfaction with the clinical decision support tool and acknowledged its overall potential for improving osteoarthritis pain management among patients on hemodialysis. Future implementation of the tool may be limited by existing roles and practices at different institutions. Increased collaboration among hemodialysis and primary care teams may promote uptake of the tool.
The impact of PM2.5 and its constituents on gestational diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Weiqi , Zou Haidong , Liu Weiling , Qin Jiangxia
Published: August 2024

Background

There is increasing evidence that exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents is associated with an increased risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), but studies on the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 constituents and the risk of GDM are still limited.

Methods

A total of 17,855 pregnant women in Guangzhou were recruited for this retrospective cohort study, and the time-varying average concentration method was used to estimate individual exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents during pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents and the risk of GDM, and the expected inflection point between exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents and the risk of GDM was estimated using logistic regression combined with restricted cubic spline curves. Stratified analyses and interaction tests were performed.

Results

After adjustment for confounders, exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents (NO3−, NH4+, and OM) was positively associated with the risk of GDM during pregnancy, especially when exposure to NO3− and NH4+ occurred in the first to second trimester, with each interquartile range increase the risk of GDM by 20.2% (95% CI: 1.118–1.293) and 18.2% (95% CI. 1.107–1.263), respectively. The lowest inflection points between PM2.5, SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, OM, and BC concentrations and GDM risk throughout the gestation period were 18.96, 5.80, 3.22, 2.67, 4.77 and 0.97 µg/m3, respectively. In the first trimester, an age interaction effect between exposure to SO42−, OM, and BC and the risk of GDM was observed.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates a positive association between exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents and the risk of GDM. Specifically, exposure to NO3−, NH4+, and OM was particularly associated with an increased risk of GDM. The present study contributes to a better understanding of the effects of exposure to PM2.5 and its constituents on the risk of GDM.
Medical school origins of award-winning anaesthetists; analysis of a complete national dataset
Authors: Steele Sinclair , Shalaby Abdulaziz , Khafaja Mustafa , Andrade Gabriel
Published: August 2024

Background

The ultimate aim of medical education is to produce successful practitioners, which is a goal that educators, students and stakeholders support. These groups consider success to comprise optimum patient care with consequently positive career progression. Accordingly, identification of the common educational features of such high-achieving doctors will facilitate the generation of clinical excellence amongst future medical trainees. In our study we source data from British clinical merit award schemes and subsequently identify the medical school origins of anaesthetists who have achieved at least national distinction.

Methods

Britain operates Distinction Award/Clinical Excellence Award schemes which honour National Health Service doctors in Scotland, Wales and England who are identified as high achievers. This quantitative observational study used these awards as an outcome measure in an analysis of the 2019–20 dataset of all 901 national award-winning doctors. Where appropriate, Pearson's Chi-Square test was applied.

Results

The top five medical schools (London university medical schools, Edinburgh, Dundee, Aberdeen and Glasgow) were responsible for 56.4% of the anaesthetist award-winners, despite the dataset representing 85 medical schools. 93.6% of the anaesthetist merit award-winners were from European medical schools. 8.06% of the anaesthetist award-winners were international medical graduates compared with 11.5% non-anaesthetist award-winners being international medical graduates.

Conclusions

The majority of anaesthetists who were national merit award-winners originated from only five, apparently overrepresented, UK university medical schools. In contrast, there was a greater diversity of medical school origins among the lower grade national award-winners; tier 3 award-winners represented 20 different medical schools from three continents. As well as ranking educationally successful university medical schools, this study assists UK and international students, by providing a roadmap for rational decision making when selecting anaesthetist and non-anaesthetist medical education pathways that are more likely to fulfil their career ambitions.
First insights of integrating the Bonn Internship Curriculum for Point-of-Care Ultrasound (BI-POCUS): progress and educational aspects
Authors: Höhne Elena , Schäfer Valentin Sebastian , Petzinna Simon Michael , Wittek Agnes , Gotta Jennifer , Reschke Philipp , Recker Florian
Published: August 2024

Background

Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is rapidly gaining prominence in various clinical settings. As its use becomes more widespread, there is a growing need for comprehensive ultrasound training in medical education to ensure that future healthcare professionals are proficient in this essential diagnostic tool.

Objective

This study is the first attempt by the University of Bonn to seamlessly integrate ultrasound courses and the use of ultrasound devices into the regular activities of final year medical students and to evaluate the usage of these devices.

Methods

A total of forty students in their practical year were provided with a hendheld ultrasound device for a period of four months. During this time, they were invited to take part in eight optional ultrasound courses in which they acquired images and those images were rated using a specially developed rating system. At the end of the tertial, students were able to take part in a voluntary survey on the use of the equipment.

Results

Participation in the optional ultrasound courses was well received, with the Introduction and FAST module drawing the largest number of participants (29). Among the ultrasound images acquired by students, those of the lungs obtaining the highest rating, with 18.82 (SD ± 4.30) points out of 23 points, while the aorta and vena cava images scored lowest, with an average of 16.62 (SD ± 1.55) points. The overall mean score for all images was 17.47 (SD ± 2.74). Only 21 students responded to the survey. Of the participating students, 67% used the device independently four times or fewer during the tertial.

Conclusion

The study aimed to enhance the BI-POCUS curriculum by improving students' ultrasound skills during their practical year. However, device usage was lower than expected, with most students using it only once a month or less. This raises concerns about the justification of the effort and resources. Future initiatives will focus on technical improvements, better login data provision, and closer monitoring of usage and progress, emphasizing the need for practical ultrasound training in medical education.
Migrant workers’ perception and awareness of health insurance coverage in Brunei Darussalam
Authors: Lai Alice , Mohammad Noorfaizah , Trivedi Ashish , Murang Zaidah , Tuah Nik
Published: August 2024

Background

Migrant workers are recognized as a vulnerable group of population in the context of accessibility to healthcare services as they are likely to experience multiple challenges and barriers. This study aimed to assess the awareness and perceived knowledge on health insurance coverage among documented migrant workers in Brunei Darussalam.

Methods

This cross-sectional, interviewer-administered study used a pre-designed questionnaire on migrant workers attending the Foreign Worker Health Screening Centre from June until September 2019. Data were analyzed for association between perceived insurance status on health-seeking behavior.

Results

The study obtained responses from 469 documented migrant workers (93.8%). 75.1% reported being aware of and having health insurance coverage; and of these, 57.1% were aware of the type of health insurance cover they had. 45.5% and 50.6% had poor knowledge whether their health insurance covered for hospitalization or outpatient expenses, respectively. No significant association was found between the migrant workers’ perceived status of insurance and not seeking medical care due to financial barriers (p > 0.05).

Conclusions

A high proportion of documented migrant workers in Brunei Darussalam reported knowledge of having health insurance; however, there was lack of awareness on its actual coverage. By including migrants’ health in a nation’s healthcare governance, the health rights of migrant workers can be addressed thus aiming to achieve universal health coverage for all individuals.
Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of an internet-based prevention intervention for young children at-risk for functional abdominal pain
Authors: Levy Rona L. , Murphy Tasha B. , van Tilburg Miranda A. L. , Kuklinski Margaret R. , Bailey Jennifer A. , Aalfs Homer , Badillo Isabel , Diakhate Hafsah , Palermo Tonya M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic pain often clusters in families, where parents and their offspring both experience chronic pain conditions. Young children of parents with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) represent an at-risk group for the development of abdominal pain, disability, and excess health care visits in later childhood. Parental solicitous responses to children’s expressions of discomfort and maternal modeling of their own illness behavior contribute to a greater focus on somatic sensations, leading to illness behaviors in children. This randomized controlled trial will test the effectiveness of an early preventive web-based psychosocial intervention (REACH)[TM] vs. an educational web-based safety comparison condition delivered to parents with IBS to alter parental responses and lead to improved child health and decreased health care costs.

Methods

Parents with IBS who have children ages 4–7 years are recruited via community-based approaches (e.g., social media advertisements, school electronic distribution, research networks) and health care providers. The target sample is 460 parents randomized to REACH, a web-based social learning and cognitive behavior therapy (SLCBT) intervention or an educational web-based safety comparison condition (EC). Participants will be assessed at baseline, 6-week (immediate post-intervention), 6-month, 12-month, and 18-month follow-up periods (months post-completion of intervention). The primary outcome is change in parental solicitous/protective behaviors. Secondary outcomes include parent risk and protective factors, child health and symptom outcomes, and health care utilization and cost savings.

Discussion

This study adapts a validated, parent-delivered intervention to treat chronic pain in children to a web-based application designed to prevent the development of chronic pain in very young, high-risk children. If successful, this strategy can both prevent adverse sequelae of this condition from developing as well as be widely accessible. Furthermore, the availability of a prevention model for parent training could result in significant short- and long-term health benefits across a broad spectrum of conditions.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05730491. Registered on February 15, 2023.
SOX2 interacts with hnRNPK to modulate alternative splicing in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Huang Yanlan , Liu Yuxuan , Pu Mingyi , Zhang Yuli , Cao Qiang , Li Senru , Wei Yuanjie , Hou Linlin
Published: August 2024

Background

SOX2 is a determinant transcription factor that governs the balance between stemness and differentiation by influencing transcription and splicing programs. The role of SOX2 is intricately shaped by its interactions with specific partners. In the interactome of SOX2 in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), there is a cohort of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoproteins (hnRNPs) that contributes to multiple facets of gene expression regulation. However, the cross-talk between hnRNPs and SOX2 in gene expression regulation remains unclear.

Results

Here we demonstrate the indispensable role of the co-existence of SOX2 and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK) in the maintenance of pluripotency in mESCs. While hnRNPK directly interacts with the SOX2-HMG DNA-binding domain and induces the collapse of the transcriptional repressor 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (7SK snRNP), hnRNPK does not influence SOX2-mediated transcription, either by modulating the interaction between SOX2 and its target cis-regulatory elements or by facilitating transcription elongation as indicated by the RNA-seq analysis. Notably, hnRNPK enhances the interaction of SOX2 with target pre-mRNAs and collaborates with SOX2 in regulating the alternative splicing of a subset of pluripotency genes.

Conclusions

These data reveal that SOX2 and hnRNPK have a direct protein-protein interaction, and shed light on the molecular mechanisms by which hnRNPK collaborates with SOX2 in alternative splicing in mESCs.
The tripartite motif-containing 24 is a multifunctional player in human cancer
Authors: Yao Yuanbing , Zhou Sheng , Yan Yue , Fu Kai , Xiao Shuai
Published: August 2024

Tripartite motif-containing 24 (TRIM24), also known as transcriptional intermediary factor 1α (TIF1α), is the founding member of TIF1 family. Recent evidence indicates that aberrant expression of TRIM24, functions as an oncogene, is associated with poor prognosis across various cancer types. TRIM24 exhibits a multifaceted structure comprising an N-terminal TRIM region with a RING domain, B-box type 1 and type 2 domains, and a coiled-coil region, as well as a C-terminal plant-homeodomain (PHD)-bromodomain. The bromodomain serves as a ‘reader’ of epigenetic histone marks, regulating chromatin structure and gene expression by linking associated proteins to acetylated nucleosomal targets, thereby controlling transcription of genes. Notably, bromodomains have emerged as compelling targets for cancer therapeutic development. In addition, TRIM24 plays specialized roles as a signal transduction molecule, orchestrating various cellular signaling cascades in cancer cells. Herein, we review the recent advancements in understanding the functions of TRIM24, and demonstrate the research progress in utilizing TRIM24 as a target for cancer therapy.
Trajectory of brain-derived amyloid beta in Alzheimer’s disease: where is it coming from and where is it going?
Authors: Liu Ni , Haziyihan Anaer , Zhao Wei , Chen Yu , Chao Hongbo
Published: August 2024

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily impacts cognitive function. Currently there are no disease-modifying treatments to stop or slow its progression. Recent studies have found that several peripheral and systemic abnormalities are associated with AD, and our understanding of how these alterations contribute to AD is becoming more apparent. In this review, we focuse on amyloid‑beta (Aβ), a major hallmark of AD, summarizing recent findings on the source of brain-derived Aβ and discussing where and how the brain-derived Aβ is cleared in vivo. Based on these findings, we propose future strategies for AD prevention and treatment, from a novel perspective on Aβ metabolism.
Efficacy of NKG2D CAR-T cells with IL-15/IL-15Rα signaling for treating Epstein-Barr virus-associated lymphoproliferative disorder
Authors: Mai Qiusui , He Bailin , Deng Shikai , Zeng Qing , Xu Yanwen , Wang Cong , Pang Yunyi , Zhang Sheng , Li Jinfeng , Zeng Jinfeng , Huang Liqin , Fu Yongshui , Li Chengyao , Li Tingting , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Ling
Published: August 2024

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) related post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (EBV-PTLD) is a life-threatening complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) or solid organ transplantation (SOT), for which no standard therapeutic means have been developed. Significant increase expression of natural killer group 2 member D ligands (NKG2DLs) was observed on B-lymphoblastoid cells of EBV-PTLD, indicating NKG2DLs as potential therapeutic targets for treatment of EBV-PTLD. In this study, the recombinant constructs of NKG2D CAR and IL-15/IL-15Rα-NKG2D CAR were generated with a retroviral vector and then transduced to human T cells to produce NKG2D CAR-T and IL-15/IL-15Rα-NKG2D CAR-T cells, respectively. B-lymphoblastoid cell lines (B-LCLs) and the xenografted mouse models were established to evaluate the efficacy of these CAR-T cells. IL-15/IL-15Rα-NKG2D CAR-T cells exhibited superior proliferation and antigen-specific cytotoxic effect compared to NKG2D CAR-T, as IL-15/IL-15Rα signaling promoted the expansion of less differentiated central memory T cells (TCM) and increased expression of CD107a and IFN-γ. Moreover, EBV DNA load was dramatically reduced, and 80% B-LCL cells were eliminated by IL-15/IL-15Rα-NKG2D CAR-T cells after co-culturing. In-vivo study confirmed that IL-15/IL-15Rα-NKG2D CAR-T cell therapy significantly enhanced antiviral efficacy in mice, as the serum load of EBV after IL-15/IL-15Rα-NKG2D CAR-T cell infusion was 1500 times lower than the untreated control (P < 0.001). The enhanced efficacy of IL-15/IL-15Rα-NKG2D CAR T cells was probably due to the IL-15/IL-15Rα signaling improved homing and persistence of NKG2D CAR-T cells in vivo, and increased the production of IFN-γ, Perforin, and Granulysin. In conclusion, NKG2D CAR-T cells co-expressing IL-15/IL-15Rα promoted the central memory CAR T cell proliferation and improved the homing and persistence of CAR T cells in vivo, resulting in enhanced anti-tumor and anti-viral effects in treating EBV-PTLD.
Epigenetic alterations of TP53INP1 by EHMT2 regulate the cell cycle in gastric cancer
Authors: Ryu Tae Young , Tae In Hwan , Han Tae-Su , Lee Jinkwon , Kim Kwangho , Kang Yunsang , Kim Solbi , Lee Hyo Jin , Jung Cho-Rok , Lim Jung Hwa , Kim Dae-Soo , Son Mi-Young , Cho Hyun-Soo
Published: August 2024

Background

Gastric cancer (GC) is a type of cancer with high incidence and mortality rates. Although various chemical interventions are being developed to treat gastric cancer, there is a constant demand for research into new GC treatment targets and modes of action (MOAs) because of the low effectiveness and side effects of current treatments.

Methods

Using the TCGA data portal, we identified EHMT2 overexpression in GC samples. Using RNA-seq and EHMT2-specific siRNA, we investigated the role of EHMT2 in GC cell proliferation and validated its function with two EHMT2-specific inhibitors. Through the application of 3D spheroid culture, patient-derived gastric cancer organoids (PDOs), and an in vivo model, we confirmed the role of EHMT2 in GC cell proliferation.

Results

In this study, we found that EHMT2, a histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methyltransferase, is significantly overexpressed in GC patients compared with healthy individuals. Knockdown of EHMT2 with siRNA induced G1 cell cycle arrest and attenuated GC cell proliferation. Furthermore, we confirmed that TP53INP1 induction by EHMT2 knockdown induced cell cycle arrest and inhibited GC cell proliferation. Moreover, specific EHMT2 inhibitors, BIX01294 and UNC0638, induced cell cycle arrest in GC cell lines through TP53INP1 upregulation. The efficacy of EHMT2 inhibition was further confirmed in a 3D spheroid culture system, PDOs, and a xenograft model.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that EHMT2 is an attractive therapeutic target for GC treatment.