bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of land-sea breeze on PM$$_{2.5}$$ prediction in central and southern Taiwan using composite neural network
Authors: Kibirige George William , Huang Chiao Cheng , Liu Chao Lin , Chen Meng Chang
Published: March 2023

PM$$_{2.5}$$

2.5

prediction plays an important role for governments in establishing policies to control the emission of excessive atmospheric pollutants to protect the health of citizens. However, traditional machine learning methods that use data collected from ground-level monitoring stations have reached their limit with poor model generalization and insufficient data. We propose a composite neural network trained with aerosol optical depth (AOD) and weather data collected from satellites, as well as interpolated ocean wind features. We investigate the model outputs of different components of the composite neural network, concluding that the proposed composite neural network architecture yields significant improvements in overall performance compared to each component and the ensemble model benchmarks. The monthly analysis also demonstrates the superiority of the proposed architecture for stations where land-sea breezes frequently occur in the southern and central Taiwan in the months when land-sea breeze dominates the accumulation of PM$$_{2.5}$$

2.5

.
The inhibitory effect and mechanism of Resina Draconis on the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells: a network pharmacology-based analysis
Authors: Lv Yana , Mou Yan , Su Jing , Liu Shifang , Ding Xuan , Yuan Yin , Li Ge , Li Guang
Published: March 2023

Resina Draconis (RD) is known as the "holy medicine for promoting blood circulation" and possesses antitumor properties against various types of cancer, including breast cancer (BC); however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. To explore the potential mechanism of RD against BC using network pharmacology and experimental validation, data on bioactive compounds, potential targets of RD, and related genes of BC were obtained from multiple public databases. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses were performed via the DAVID database. Protein interactions were downloaded from the STRING database. The mRNA and protein expression levels and survival analysis of the hub targets were analyzed using the UALCAN, HPA, Kaplan‒Meier mapper, and cBioPortal databases. Subsequently, molecular docking was used to verify the selected key ingredients and hub targets. Finally, the predicted results of network pharmacology methods were verified by cell experiments. In total, 160 active ingredients were obtained, and 148 RD target genes for the treatment of BC were identified. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that RD exerted its therapeutic effects on BC by regulating multiple pathways. Of these, the PI3K-AKT pathway was indicated to play an important role. In addition, RD treatment of BC seemed to involve the regulation of hub targets that were identified based on PPI interaction network analysis. Validation in different databases showed that AKT1, ESR1, HSP90AA1, CASP3, SRC and MDM2 may be involved in the carcinogenesis and progression of BC and that ESR1, IGF1 and HSP90AA1 were correlated with worse overall survival (OS) in BC patients. Molecular docking results showed that 103 active compounds have good binding activity with the hub targets, among which flavonoid compounds were the most important active components. Therefore, the sanguis draconis flavones (SDF) were selected for subsequent cell experiments. The experimental results showed that SDF significantly inhibited the cell cycle and cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells through the PI3K/AKT pathway and induced MCF-7 cell apoptosis. This study has preliminarily reported on the active ingredients, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of RD against BC, and RD was shown to exert its therapeutic effects on BC by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and related gene targets. Importantly, our work could provide a theoretical basis for further study of the complex anti-BC mechanism of RD.
Novel methods for reliability study of multi-dimensional non-linear dynamic systems
Authors: Gaidai Oleg , Xu Jingxiang , Yan Ping , Xing Yihan , Wang Kelin , Liu Zirui
Published: March 2023

This research presents two unique techniques for engineering system reliability analysis of multi-dimensional non-linear dynamic structures. First, the structural reliability technique works best for multi-dimensional structural responses that have been either numerically simulated or measured over a long enough length to produce an ergodic time series. Second, a novel extreme value prediction method that can be used in various engineering applications is proposed. In contrast to those currently used in engineering reliability methodologies, the novel method is easy to use, and even a limited amount of data can still be used to obtain robust system failure estimates. As demonstrated in this work, proposed methods also provide accurate confidence bands for system failure levels in the case of real-life measured structural response. Additionally, traditional reliability approaches that deal with time series do not have the benefit of being able to handle a system's high dimensionality and cross-correlation across several dimensions readily. Container ship that experiences significant deck panel pressures and high roll angles when travelling in bad weather was selected as the example for this study. The main concern for ship transportation is the potential loss of cargo owing to violent movements. Simulating such a situation is difficult since waves and ship motions are non-stationary and complicatedly non-linear. Extreme movements greatly enhance the role of nonlinearities, activating effects of second and higher order. Furthermore, laboratory testing may also be called into doubt due to the scale and the choice of the sea state. Therefore, data collected from actual ships during difficult weather journeys offer a unique perspective on the statistics of ship movements. This work aims to benchmark state-of-the-art methods, making it possible to extract necessary information about the extreme response from available on-board measured time histories. Both suggested methods can be used in combination, making them attractive and ready to use for engineers. Methods proposed in this paper open up possibilities to predict simply yet efficiently system failure probability for non-linear multi-dimensional dynamic structure.
Quantitative electroencephalographic biomarker of pharmacological treatment response in patients with anxiety disorder: a retrospective study
Authors: Byeon Jun , Moon Jung Yeon , Je Se Ryoung , Park So Hyun , Kim Jun Won
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) biomarker in predicting the response to pharmacological treatment in patients with anxiety disorder. A total of 86 patients were diagnosed with anxiety disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th edition, and subsequently treated with antidepressants. After 8–12 weeks, the participants were divided into treatment-resistant (TRS) and treatment-response (TRP) groups based on their Clinical Global Impressions-Severity (CGI-S) scores. We obtained the absolute-EEG measurements for 19-channels and analyzed qEEG findings according to the frequency range: delta, theta, alpha, and beta. The beta-wave was subdivided into low-beta, beta, and high-beta waves. The theta-beta ratio (TBR) was calculated, and an analysis of covariance was performed. Of the 86 patients with anxiety disorder, 56 patients (65%) were classified in the TRS group. The TRS and TRP groups did not differ in terms of age, sex, or medication-dosage. However, the baseline CGI-S was higher in the TRP group. After calibration by covariates, the TRP group showed higher beta-waves in T3 and T4, and a lower TBR, especially in T3 and T4, than the TRS group. These results indicate that patients with a lower TBR and higher beta and high-beta waves in T3 and T4 are more likely to respond to medication.
The DNA damage response pathway regulates the expression of the immune checkpoint CD47
Authors: Ghantous Lucy , Volman Yael , Hefez Ruth , Wald Ori , Stern Esther , Friehmann Tomer , Chajut Ayelet , Bremer Edwin , Elhalel Michal Dranitzki , Rachmilewitz Jacob
Published: March 2023

CD47 is a cell surface ligand expressed on all nucleated cells. It is a unique immune checkpoint protein acting as “don’t eat me” signal to prevent phagocytosis and is constitutively overexpressed in many tumors. However, the underlying mechanism(s) for CD47 overexpression is not clear. Here, we show that irradiation (IR) as well as various other genotoxic agents induce elevated expression of CD47. This upregulation correlates with the extent of residual double-strand breaks (DSBs) as determined by γH2AX staining. Interestingly, cells lacking mre-11, a component of the MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN) complex that plays a central role in DSB repair, or cells treated with the mre-11 inhibitor, mirin, fail to elevate the expression of CD47 upon DNA damage. On the other hand, both p53 and NF-κB pathways or cell-cycle arrest do not play a role in CD47 upregualtion upon DNA damage. We further show that CD47 expression is upregulated in livers harvested from mice treated with the DNA-damage inducing agent Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and in cisplatin-treated mesothelioma tumors. Hence, our results indicate that CD47 is upregulated following DNA damage in a mre-11-dependent manner. Chronic DNA damage response in cancer cells might contribute to constitutive elevated expression of CD47 and promote immune evasion.
The versatile characteristics of Ars/SGaInS van der Waals heterostructures
Authors: Ahmad Iqtidar , Ali Anwar , Shahid Ismail , Ali Rawaid , Xiong Wei , Gao Lei , Cai Jinming
Published: March 2023

2D vdWHs are attractive prospects for optoelectronic, photocatalytic, and thermoelectric devices.
Fluorescent probes for ferroptosis bioimaging: advances, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Yin Junling , Zhan Jingting , Hu Qingxia , Huang Shuhong , Lin Weiying
Published: March 2023

Ferroptosis is a form of regulatory cell death distinct from caspase-dependent apoptosis and visualization of its process based on fluorescence imaging technology is important for life entities.
Alicyclic polyimides with large band gaps exhibit superior high-temperature capacitive energy storage
Authors: Song Jinhui , Qin Hongmei , Qin Shiyu , Liu Man , Zhang Shixian , Chen Junyu , Zhang Yang , Wang Shan , Li Qi , Dong Lijie , Xiong Chuanxi
Published: March 2023

Alicyclic polyimides possess a large band gap and exhibit excellent dielectric energy storage at high temperatures.
Role of identified proteins in the proteome profiles of CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant breast cancer cell lines
Authors: Kumar Binayak , Prasad Peeyush , Singh Ragini , Sahu Ram Krishna , Singh Ashutosh , Magani Srikrishna Jayadev , Hedau Suresh
Published: March 2023

Abemaciclib (Ab) and palbociclib (Pb) are CDK4/6 inhibitors used to cure advanced breast cancer (BC).
The mechanism of chronic unpredictable mild stress induced high blood pressure in rats: a proteomic and targeted metabolomic analysis
Authors: Zhao Hongxia , Wu Qiong , Li Na , Chen Yongchun
Published: March 2023

Chronic unpredictable mild stress induced high blood pressure apparently, which may because of the upregulation of muscle contraction, synthesis of cAMP and transport of metals, and downregulation of ralaxin signaling.
Brain-wide transcriptome-based metabolic alterations in Parkinson's disease: human inter-region and human-experimental model correlations
Authors: Odongo Regan , Bellur Orhan , Abdik Ecehan , Çakır Tunahan
Published: March 2023

A transcriptome-based analysis of metabolic alterations in Parkinson’s disease using 34 comparisons from human post-mortem brain datasets and 58 comparisons from in vivo/in vitro disease models.
Visible-light-promoted defluorinated alkylation of trifluoromethyl alkenes initiated by radical [1,2]-Brook rearrangement: facile synthesis ofgem-difluoro homoallylic alcohol derivatives
Authors: Qin Tao , Xu Chunlu , Zhang Ge , Zhang Qian
Published: March 2023

A photoinduced radical [1,2]-Brook rearrangement/defluorinated alkylation reaction of α-trifluoromethyl alkenes with α-silyl alcohols was developed for facile access togem-difluoro homoallylic alcohol derivatives.
Growth and spectroscopic properties of Tm3+ doped YPO4 crystal
Authors: Pan Xiaobo , Yu Pingzhang , Wang Zhengping , Yu Fapeng , Xu Xinguang
Published: March 2023

Good quality single crystal of Tm3+ doped YPO4 crystal with an astounding emission cross-section was grown utilizing the flux method and the KF–P2O5 flux was employed for the first time to grow YPO4 crystal.
Spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking and chiral segregation in the achiral ferronematic compound DIO
Authors: Yadav Neelam , Panarin Yuri P. , Jiang Wanhe , Mehl Georg H. , Vij Jagdish K.
Published: March 2023

We observe chiral domains in the paraelectric nematic phase of a chemically achiral ferronematic. This behaviour is due to spontaneous symmetry breaking arising from saddle splay elasticity and helical segregation, the first example of this observation.
A recoverable polyoxometalate-ionic liquid catalyst for selective cleavage of lignin β-O-4 models under mild conditions
Authors: Xin Xing , Li Zheng , Chi Manzhou , Zhang Mo , Dong Yuanyuan , Lv Hongjin , Yang Guo-Yu
Published: March 2023

A recoverable polyoxometalate-ionic liquid (POM-IL) catalyst has been successfully constructed to selectively and effectively convert various β-O-4 lignin models into aromatic acids and phenols under mild homogeneous conditions.
Facile, green, and functional group-tolerant reductions of carboxylic acids…in, or with, water
Authors: Iyer Karthik S. , Nelson Chandler , Lipshutz Bruce H.
Published: March 2023

Facile reductions of carboxylic acids to aldehydes or alcohols can be effected under mild conditions upon initial conversion to their corresponding S-2-pyridyl thioesters.
α-C–H functionalization of glycine derivatives under mechanochemical accelerated aging en route the synthesis of 1,4-dihydropyridines and α-substituted glycine esters
Authors: Xiang Keyu , Ying Ping , Ying Tao , Su Weike , Yu Jingbo
Published: March 2023

A novel accelerated aging cross dehydrogenative coupling of glycine esters/amides and various nucleophiles under metal-free and solvent-minimal conditions was developed, providing a sustainable strategy to the synthesis of 1,4-DHP and α-substituted glycine derivatives.
Correction: Hierarchically ordered porous carbon with atomically dispersed cobalt for oxidative esterification of furfural
Authors: Yao Wen , Hu Chenghong , Zhang Yajie , Li Hao , Wang Fengliang , Shen Kui , Chen Liyu , Li Yingwei
Published: March 2023

Correction for ‘Hierarchically ordered porous carbon with atomically dispersed cobalt for oxidative esterification of furfural’ by Wen Yao et al., Ind. Chem. Mater., 2023, 1, 106–116, https://doi.org/10.1039/D2IM00045H.
One-step fabrication of highly stable, durable, adhesion enhanced, flexible, transparent conducting films based on silver nanowires and neutralized PEDOT:PSS
Authors: Devaraju Subramani , Mohanty Aruna Kumar , Won Du-hyun , Paik Hyun-jong
Published: March 2023

The developed flexible hybrid AgNWs/N-PEDOT:PSS TCFs displayed low sheet resistance, high transmittance, low haze, good adhesion, and mechanical stability.
Persistent triboelectrification-induced electroluminescence for self-powered all-optical wireless user identification and multi-mode anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Su Li , Wang Zihan , Lu Chengyue , Ding Wenbo , Zhao Yong , Zi Yunlong
Published: March 2023

A novel self-powered persistent TIEL material (SP-PTM) is proposed for the first time, which may present great opportunities for the development of high-performance mechanical-light energy-conversion systems with recording capability and versatile responsivity.
Unusual coordination of a 1,2,3-triazolyl-pyridine ligand in a Pd(ii) complex: application in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction
Authors: Gahlaut Puneet Singh , Gautam Deepak , Lama Prem , Jana Barun
Published: March 2023

A modified “click” reaction between 2-azidopyridine and di(prop-2-yn-1-yl)phthalate [dpp] (2) produces a novel bis(1,2,3-triazolyl-pyridine) ligand on an ortho-phthalic acid platform [bptmp] (3).
A preliminary study to identify existing drugs for potential repurposing in breast cancer based on side effect profile
Authors: Rymbai Emdormi , Sugumar Deepa , Krishnamurthy Praveen Thaggikuppe , Selvaraj Divakar , Vasu Soumya , Priya Shiva , Jayaram Saravanan
Published: March 2023

Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death in women after lung cancer. The present study aims to identify potential drug candidates using the PROMISCUOUS database for breast cancer based on side effect profile and then proceed with in silico and in vitro studies. PROMISCUOUS database was used to construct a group of drugs that share maximum side effects with letrozole. Based on the existing literature, ropinirole, risperidone, pregabalin, and gabapentin were selected for in silico and in vitro studies. The molecular docking was carried out using AUTODOCK 4.2.6. MCF-7 cell line was used to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of the selected drugs. PROMISCUOUS database revealed that as many as 23 existing drugs shared between 62 and 79 side-effects with letrozole. From docking result, we found that, ropinirole showed a good binding affinity (−7.7 kcal/mol) against aromatase compared to letrozole (−7.1 kcal/mol) which was followed by gabapentin (−6.4 kcal/mol), pregabalin (−5.7 kcal/mol) and risperidone (−5.1 kcal/mol). From the in vitro results, ropinirole and risperidone showed good anti-cancer activity of IC50 with 40.85±11.02 μg/ml and 43.10±9.58 μg/ml cell viability. Based on this study results and existing literature we conclude that risperidone, pregabalin, and gabapentin are not ideal candidates for repurposing in breast cancer but ropinirole could be an excellent choice for repurposing in breast cancer after further studies.
Empfehlungen der DEGUM zu diagnostischen Punktionen in der Pränatalmedizin
Authors: Kähler Christiane , Faber Renaldo , Geipel Annegret , Heling Kai-Sven , Kagan Karl-Oliver , Kozlowski Peter , Schramm Thomas
Published: March 2023

Diagnostische Punktionen (Amniozentese, Chorionzottenbiopsie und Fetalblutentnahme) sind ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der Pränataldiagnostik und die einzige etablierte und wissenschaftlich ausreichend evaluierte Möglichkeit der Diagnostik genetischer Erkrankungen aus schwangerschaftsspezifischen Zellen. Die Anzahl diagnostischer Punktionen in Deutschland ist, wie in anderen Ländern, deutlich gesunken. Dies ist maßgeblich auf die Einführung des Ersttrimester-Screenings mit weiterführender detaillierter Ultraschalluntersuchung des Fetus und die Analyse von cf-DNA (cell-free DNA) aus maternalem Blut (sogenannter „Nicht Invasiver Pränataler Test“ – NIPT) zurückzuführen. Andererseits sind die Erkenntnisse über die Inzidenz und das Erscheinungsbild genetischer Erkrankungen gestiegen. Die Entwicklung moderner molekulargenetischer Techniken (Mikroarray- und Exom-Analyse) macht eine differenzierte Untersuchung dieser Erkrankungen mehr und mehr möglich. Die Anforderungen an Aufklärung und Beratung über diese komplexen Zusammenhänge sind dadurch wesentlich höher geworden. Die Studien der letzten Jahre machen deutlich, dass diagnostische Punktionen, die in Expertenzentren durchgeführt werden, mit einem niedrigen Risiko für Komplikationen assoziiert sind. Insbesondere der eingriffsbedingte Abort unterscheidet sich kaum vom Hintergrundrisiko für einen Spontanabort. Die Sektion Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Ultraschall in der Medizin (DEGUM) hat im Jahr 2013 Empfehlungen zu diagnostischen Punktionen in der Pränatalmedizin publiziert 1. Die oben geschilderten Entwicklungen und neuen Erkenntnisse der letzten Jahre machen eine Revision und Neuformulierung dieser Empfehlungen nötig. Ziel dieser Übersicht ist eine Zusammenstellung wichtiger und aktueller Fakten zu pränatalmedizinischen Punktionen (u.a. Technik, Komplikationen, genetische Untersuchungen). Sie soll der grundlegenden umfassenden und aktuellen Information über diagnostische Punktionen in der Pränatalmedizin dienen. Sie ersetzt die Publikation von 2013 1.
Pyroverbot Silvester 2020 & 2021 – Analyse von feuerwerksbedingten Verletzungen der letzten 12 Jahre
Authors: Diederich Linda Manuela , Pudszuhn Annett , Hofmann Veit Maria
Published: March 2023

Zum Jahreswechsel kommt es in Deutschland zu Verletzungen durch Feuerwerkskörper. Das
Gehör betreffend werden Knall- (KT) und Explosionstrauma (ET) unterschieden. Die Studie
untersucht Prävalenz und Charakteristika von feuerwerksbedingten Verletzungen und die
Auswirkungen des aufgrund der COVID-19-Pandemie verordneten Pyroverbots an Silvester 2020/21
und 2021/22 im Vergleich zum 10-Jahres-Zeitraum vor der Pandemie.

Eine retrospektive Untersuchung von Patienten, die sich mit den Diagnosen KT (H83.3) oder
ET (T70.8) in den letzten 12 Jahren in den Rettungsstellen der Charité vom 28.12. bis zum 05.01.
vorstellten, wurde durchgeführt.

Es wurden 276 Patienten erfasst, die zu 77% männlich waren. Jeweils ein Drittel waren der
Altersgruppe 10–19 und 20–29 Jahre zuzuordnen. 21% der Patienten wurden stationär aufgenommen.
Es kam in 67% zu einem isolierten KT des Ohres, in 11% zu Hand-, in 8% zu Kopf- und in 4% zu
Augenverletzungen. Bei 87% kam es zu einer Ohrbeteiligung mit Hörminderung, davon 5% mit
ET.

Eine operative Versorgung fand bei 8% der Patienten statt. Die Behandlung einer
Trommelfellperforation erfolgte in 54% durch Schienung und in 38% durch eine Tympanoplastik.
Eine Therapie mit einem Glukokortikoid wurde in 48 % i.v. und in 20% oral eingeleitet.
Insgesamt kam es zu einer Abnahme von Verletzungen im Jahr 2020 und 2021 von fast 75% im
Vergleich zum vorherigen 10-Jahres-Zeitraum.

Die Anwendung von Feuerwerk führte zu einer erhöhten Nutzung des Gesundheitssystems. Das
Verkaufsverbot von Pyrotechnik wie auch die Einführung von Pyroverbotszonen 2020 und 2021
führten zu einem relevanten Rückgang von Verletzungen. 2020 und 2021 waren die einzigen Jahre,
in denen Verletzungen bei Kindern ausblieben. Das KT des Ohres ist die häufigste
feuerwerksbedingte Verletzung.
Veränderung der therapeutischen Beziehung in Folge eines
coronabedingten Wechsel von Präsenz- zu Videotherapiesitzungen: Eine
qualitative Analyse von Therapeut*inneninterviews
Authors: Bechtold Sara , Hall Mila , Scherner Paloma Valerie , Kaven Leonie , Rubel Julian
Published: March 2023

Ziel der Studie Ziel dieser Studie war es, zu untersuchen, inwiefern sich
die therapeutische Beziehung durch die COVID-19-bedingte Umstellung von
Präsenz- auf Video-Therapie verändert hat.

Methode Es wurden halb-strukturierte Interviews mit 21
Psychotherapeut*innen durchgeführt, die ihre Therapien im Zuge
der Pandemie von Präsenz- auf Videotherapie-Sitzungen umgestellt hatten.
Die Interviews wurden anschließend transkribiert und im Rahmen einer
qualitativen Analyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Mehr als die Hälfte der Therapeut*innen
berichteten, dass die therapeutische Beziehung zu ihren Patient*innen
weiterhin stabil blieb. Dennoch beschreibt ein Großteil der
Therapeut*innen Unsicherheiten im Umgang mit nonverbalen Signalen und
mit der Distanz zu den Patient*innen. Es wird sowohl eine Verbesserung,
als auch eine Verschlechterung der therapeutischen Beziehung wahrgenommen.

Diskussion Die Stabilität der therapeutischen Beziehung kann vor
allem auf den vorherigen Präsenzkontakt zurückgeführt
werden. Die geäußerten Unsicherheiten könnten als
Risikofaktoren für die therapeutische Beziehung gedeutet werden. Obwohl
die Stichprobe nur einen kleinen Teil praktizierender Therapeut*innen
repräsentiert, stellen die Erkenntnisse aus dieser Studie einen
wichtigen Beitrag für unser Verständnis davon dar, wie sich
Psychotherapie durch die COVID-19-Pandemie verändert hat.

Schlussfolgerung Die Qualität der therapeutischen Beziehung wurde
von der überwiegenden Mehrzahl der Therapeut*innen trotz des
Wechsels von Präsenz- auf Video-Therapie als stabil beschrieben.
Myomodulation Using Botulinum Toxin in Septorhinoplasty for Crooked Noses: Introducing the Concept and Application of Nasal Muscle Imbalance Theory
Authors: Wong Eugene Hung Chih , D'Souza Alwyn
Published: March 2023

The role of septorhinoplasty for adequate correction of deviated nose is well documented, but the rationales and patterns for recurrences after proper rhinoplasty remain unclear. There has also been little attention given to the influence of nasal musculatures on the stability of nasal structures after septorhinoplasty. The aim of this article is to propose our nasal muscle imbalance theory, which may explain the potential reason for redeviation of the noses in the initial period after septorhinoplasty. We postulate that in a chronically deviated nose, the nasal muscles on the convex side will be stretched and develop hypertrophy after prolonged period of increased contractile activity. On the contrary, the nasal muscles on the concave side will undergo atrophy due to reduced load requirement. In the initial period of recovery after a septorhinoplasty to bring the nose back to midline, this muscle imbalance is still uncorrected with unequal pulling forces on the nasal structure because the stronger nasal muscles on the previously convex side is still hypertrophied and exert stronger forces compared with the previously concave side, therefore increasing the risk of redeviation of the nose back to the preoperative side until muscle atrophy occurs in the convex side and a balanced nasal muscle pull is achieved. We believe that postseptorhinoplasty botulinum toxin injections can be used as an adjunct in rhinoplasty surgery to effectively block the pulling actions of the stronger or overacting nasal muscles by speeding up the atrophy process while allowing patient's nose to heal and stabilize in the desired position. However, further studies to objectively confirm this hypothesis is required, which include comparing topographic measurements, imaging and electromyography signals before and after injections in postseptorhinoplasty patients. The authors have already planned a multicenter study to further evaluate this theory.
Re-evaluation of P-Chiral, N-Phosphoryl Sulfonamide Brønsted Acids in the Asymmetric Synthesis of 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylate Esters via Biomimetic Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Tsantrizos Youla S. , Mbaezue Ifenna I. , Topic Filip
Published: March 2023

Enantioenriched heterocyclic and rigidified bioisosteres of amino acids are valuable building blocks in drug discovery, particularly in the design of peptidomimetic drugs. The rigidified bioisostere of phenylalanine, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylic acid, is found in several biologically active compounds. However, only a small number of successful methodologies have been reported for its asymmetric synthesis. To develop an environmentally benign and metal-free organocatalytic process for the preparation of this compound, a number of novel P-chiral, N-phosphoryl sulfonamide Brønsted acids were synthesized and evaluated in a biomimetic transfer hydrogenation reaction of quinoline-2-carboxylates to give the (R)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline-2-carboxylates.
Use of Carbonyldiimidazole as an Activator of Formic Acid in a Tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium-Catalyzed Formylation of Aryl Iodides
Authors: Karmakar Sukhen , Nadhagopal Sundar , Dolas Zulelal , Silamkoti Arundutt , Gupta Anuradha , Mathur Arvind
Published: March 2023

A carbonyldiimidazole (CDI)-promoted generation of CO from formic acid has been exploited in a reductive formylation of aryl iodides in the presence of tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium. The reaction conditions are mild with a broad functional-group tolerance that includes keto, bromo, nitrile, ester, and nitro groups. In the reaction pathway, CDI reacts with formic acid to generate a formyl imidazole that ultimately produces the CO needed for the formylation process on the activated arylpalladium complex.
Teaching Queer Concepts to Graduate Students in Communication Sciences and Disorders: Culturally Responsive Pedagogy to Foster Affirmative Clinical Practice
Authors: Robinson Gregory C. , Toliver-Smith Andrea , Stigar Lorraine V.
Published: March 2023

There is a growing body of literature informing pedagogical content and strategies of diversity, equity, and inclusion in the education of speech-language pathologists. However, little discussion has included content related to LGBTQ+ people, even though LGBTQ+ people exist across all racial/ethnic groups. This article seeks to fill that void and provide instructors of speech-language pathology with practical information to educate their graduate students. The discussion uses a critical epistemology and invokes theoretical models, such as Queer/Quare theory, DisCrit, the Minority Stress Model, the Ethics of Care, and Culturally Responsive Pedagogy. Information is organized according to developing graduate students' awareness, knowledge, and skills and challenges instructors to modify current course content to disrupt systemic oppression.
Differences in Sibilant Perception between Gender Expansive and Cisgender Individuals
Authors: Hope Maxwell , Lilley Jason
Published: March 2023

Acoustic cues of voice gender influence not only how people perceive the speaker's gender (e.g., whether that person is a man, woman, or non-binary) but also how they perceive certain phonemes produced by that person. One such sociophonetic cue is the [s]/[ʃ] distinction in English; which phoneme is perceived depends on the perceived gender of the speaker. Recent research has shown that gender expansive people differ from cisgender people in their perception of voice gender and thus, this could be reflected in their categorization of sibilants. Despite this, there has been no research to date on how gender expansive people categorize sibilants. Furthermore, while voice gender expression is often discussed within a biological context (e.g., vocal folds), voice extends to those who use other communication methods. The current study fills this gap by explicitly recruiting people of all genders and asking them to perform a sibilant categorization task using synthetic voices. The results show that cisgender and gender expansive people perceive synthetic sibilants differently, especially from a “nonbinary” synthetic voice. These results have implications for developing more inclusive speech technology for gender expansive individuals, in particular for nonbinary people who use speech-generating devices.
Guidance for Research with Trans and Gender-Diverse People
Authors: Quinn Sterling , Hancock Adrienne B.
Published: March 2023

When engaging in research with marginalized communities, it is important for researchers to reflect on their practice and consider what steps they can take to avoid perpetuating inequality or causing harm. This article provides guidance for researchers working with trans and gender-diverse individuals from the perspective of two speech-language pathologists. Key considerations presented by the authors include the importance of engaging in reflexive research practices—thinking deeply about and acknowledging impacts of one's personal beliefs, values, and practices on one's research—and developing an awareness of factors that contribute to the trans and gender-diverse community's ongoing minority stress. Specific suggestions to redress power imbalance between the researcher and the researched community are provided. Finally, practical methods for implementing the guidance are presented: the community-based participatory research model and an example in speech-language pathology research with trans and gender-diverse individuals.
Development Trend and Thinking of International Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Late and Postpandemic Era
Authors: Wu Benjamin Binjiang
Published: March 2023

There are mainly following 10 aspects of the trends in the development of international traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the late and postepidemic era. (1) Rehabilitation intervention of TCM in the recovery period is the focus of international TCM clinical antiepidemic practice in the later stage of the epidemic. (2) The epidemic has accelerated the development of the internet toward high-tech online education and medical care. (3) The epidemic has forced overseas TCM to transform from the “agricultural era” to the “postindustrial era.” (4) It has become a trend that the proportion of theory courses in online teaching will increase dramatically. (5) The limited number of practical training courses and the simultaneous online and offline rotation of teaching will become a useful medium of exploration. (6) Online sharing of high-quality courses can save costs and is also the direction of future development. (7) It will become the norm for the adoption of online TCM conferences that break traditional barriers of locale and time zone. (8) The renewal of the heavy TCM clinical and teaching equipment is the trend of future development. (9) The involvement of finance and venture capital will catalyze the development of the field of corporate international chains of TCM and acupuncture. (10) Changes in the international political situation may affect the speed of the development of international Chinese medicine but will not stop its progress.
Soft x-ray power diagnostics for fusion experiments at NIF, Omega, and Z facilities
Authors: Rubery M. S. , Kemp G. E. , Jones M. C. , Pelepchan N. , Stolte W. C. , Heinmiller J.
Published: March 2023

In this Review Article, we discuss a range of soft x-ray power diagnostics at inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and pulsed-power fusion facilities. This Review Article describes current hardware and analysis approaches and covers the following methods: x-ray diode arrays, bolometers, transmission grating spectrometers, and associated crystal spectrometers. These systems are fundamental for the diagnosis of ICF experiments, providing a wide range of critical parameters for the evaluation of fusion performance.
Fractal characterizations of MeV ion treated CaF2 thin films
Authors: Pandey Ratnesh K. , Yadav Ram Pratap , Kumar Tanuj , Kumar Ashish , Pathak Sachin , Awasthi Shikha , Singh Udai B. , Pandey Avinash C.
Published: March 2023

We present the morphological evolution and fractal characterizations of CaF2 thin-film surfaces modified by bombardment with 100 MeV Au+8 ions at various fluences. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) combined with line profile and two-dimensional power spectral density (2D-PSD) analysis was utilized to investigate the evolution of surface morphology as a function of fluence. The AFM images were utilized to investigate the relationship between fractal dimension, roughness exponent, lateral correlation length, and ion fluence. The surface erosion owing to sputtering was depicted using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The structural characteristics' dependency on fluence was explored with the help of glancing angle x-ray diffraction measurements on virgin and irradiated samples. Tensile stress calculated using a peak shift in the glancing angle x-ray diffractogram showed an increase in tensile stress with fluence that caused the surface to crack after the fracture strength of the surface was crossed. 2D-PSD analysis signified the role of sputtering over surface diffusion for the observed surface modifications. Fractal dimensions first increased and then decreased with ion fluence. The lateral correlation length decreased, while the roughness exponent increased with fluence after the threshold value.
Complex dynamical study of a delayed prey–predator model with fear in prey and square root harvesting of both species
Authors: Sarif Nawaj , Sarwardi Sahabuddin
Published: March 2023

In the current study, the dynamics of predator–prey systems under the influence of fear effect on the reproduction of prey population and harvesting on both species has been proposed. Assessing the dynamics of the system with the combined influence of fear and harvesting for various values of n is our central objective. We present comprehensive mathematical findings that cover fundamental dynamical features, the presence of positive equilibria, and the stability of all equilibria. Hopf-bifurcating periodic solutions have been demonstrated to emerge around the positive equilibrium point, and the direction of the Hopf-bifurcating limit cycle is determined using the first Lyapunov coefficient. Furthermore, in two-parameter space, we have seen that the system experiences the Bogdanov–Takens bifurcation. Moreover, we have included predator gestation delay and noticed some chaotic dynamics in the system. In addition, we run through numerical simulations to numerically validate our mathematical findings. The article is concluded with a conclusion at the end.
Heaterless 300 A lanthanum hexaboride hollow cathode
Authors: Goebel Dan M. , Payman Adele R.
Published: March 2023

Hollow cathodes used in electric propulsion typically have an external heater to raise the thermionic electron emitter to emission temperatures. Heaterless hollow cathodes that are heated by a Paschen discharge have been historically limited to low discharge currents (<5 A) due to arcing and inefficient heating. A new heaterless technology was previously developed for cathodes up to 50 A, utilizing a refractory metal tube to extend the gas feed line partway into the thermionic insert region. A high voltage (>700 V) Paschen discharge is ignited between the keeper and the tube, which quickly transitions to a lower voltage (<80 V) thermionic discharge from the inner tube surface and heats the thermionic insert by radiation. This “tube-radiator” configuration eliminates arcing and inhibits the long-path-length discharge between the keeper and gas feed tube upstream of the cathode insert that caused inefficient heating in prior designs. This paper describes extending this technology developed for a 50 A cathode to one that is capable of 300 A. The larger cathode uses a 5-mm diameter tantalum tube-radiator and a 6-A, 5-min ignition sequence. Ignition was challenging because the high heating power required (≥300 W) is difficult to maintain with the low voltage (<20 V) keeper discharge that exists prior to igniting the thruster discharge. To achieve self-heating from the lower voltage keeper discharge, the keeper current is raised to 10 A once the LaB6 insert starts emitting. This work shows that the novel tube-radiator heater is scalable to large cathodes capable of tens of thousands of ignitions.
Efficient characteristics of exchange coupling and spin–flop transition in Py/Gd bilayer using anisotropic magnetoresistance
Authors: Zhou Kaiyuan , Zhan Xiang , Li Zishuang , Li Haotian , Yan Chunjie , Chen Lina , Liu Ronghua
Published: March 2023

Interlayer antiferromagnetic coupling rare-earth/transition-metal bilayer ferrimagnet systems have attracted much attention because they present different unusual temperature- and field-dependent nontrivial magnetic states and dynamics. These properties and the implementation of their applications in spintronics highly depend on the significant temperature dependence of the magnetic exchange stiffness constant A. Here, we quantitatively determine the temperature dependence of magnetic exchange stiffness APy−Gd and AGd in the artificially layered ferrimagnet consisting of a Py/Gd bilayer, using a measurement of anisotropic magnetoresistance of the bilayer thin film at different temperatures and magnetic fields. The obtained temperature dependencies of APy−Gd and AGd exhibit a scaling power law with the magnetization of Gd. The critical field of spin–flop transition and its temperature dependence can also be directly obtained by this method. Additionally, the experimental results are well reproduced by micromagnetic simulations with the obtained parameters APy−Gd and AGd, which further confirms the reliability of this easily accessible technique.
Allosteric communication in the gating mechanism for controlled protein degradation by the bacterial ClpP peptidase
Authors: Dayananda Ashan , Dennison T. S. Hayden , Fonseka Hewafonsekage Yasan Y. , Avestan Mohammad S. , Wang Qi , Tehver Riina , Stan George
Published: March 2023

Proteolysis is essential for the control of metabolic pathways and the cell cycle. Bacterial caseinolytic proteases (Clp) use peptidase components, such as ClpP, to degrade defective substrate proteins and to regulate cellular levels of stress-response proteins. To ensure selective degradation, access to the proteolytic chamber of the double–ring ClpP tetradecamer is controlled by a critical gating mechanism of the two axial pores. The binding of conserved loops of the Clp ATPase component of the protease or small molecules, such as acyldepsipeptide (ADEP), at peripheral ClpP ring sites, triggers axial pore opening through dramatic conformational transitions of flexible N-terminal loops between disordered conformations in the “closed” pore state and ordered hairpins in the “open” pore state. In this study, we probe the allosteric communication underlying these conformational changes by comparing residue–residue couplings in molecular dynamics simulations of each configuration. Both principal component and normal mode analyses highlight large-scale conformational changes in the N-terminal loop regions and smaller amplitude motions of the peptidase core. Community network analysis reveals a switch between intra- and inter-protomer coupling in the open–closed pore transition. Allosteric pathways that connect the ADEP binding sites to N-terminal loops are rewired in this transition, with shorter network paths in the open pore configuration supporting stronger intra- and inter-ring coupling. Structural perturbations, either through the removal of ADEP molecules or point mutations, alter the allosteric network to weaken the coupling.
The quaternary question: Determining allostery in spastin through dynamics classification learning and bioinformatics
Authors: Kelly Maria S. , Macke Amanda C. , Kahawatte Shehani , Stump Jacob E. , Miller Abigail R. , Dima Ruxandra I.
Published: March 2023

The nanomachine from the ATPases associated with various cellular activities superfamily, called spastin, severs microtubules during cellular processes. To characterize the functionally important allostery in spastin, we employed methods from evolutionary information, to graph-based networks, to machine learning applied to atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of spastin in its monomeric and the functional hexameric forms, in the presence or absence of ligands. Feature selection, using machine learning approaches, for transitions between spastin states recognizes all the regions that have been proposed as allosteric or functional in the literature. The analysis of the composition of the Markov State Model macrostates in the spastin monomer, and the analysis of the direction of change in the top machine learning features for the transitions, indicate that the monomer favors the binding of ATP, which primes the regions involved in the formation of the inter-protomer interfaces for binding to other protomer(s). Allosteric path analysis of graph networks, built based on the cross-correlations between residues in simulations, shows that perturbations to a hub specific for the pre-hydrolysis hexamer propagate throughout the structure by passing through two obligatory regions: the ATP binding pocket, and pore loop 3, which connects the substrate binding site to the ATP binding site. Our findings support a model where the changes in the terminal protomers due to the binding of ligands play an active role in the force generation in spastin. The secondary structures in spastin, which are found to be highly degenerative within the network paths, are also critical for feature transitions of the classification models, which can guide the design of allosteric effectors to enhance or block allosteric signaling.
Square cylinder flow controlled by a synthetic jet at one leading edge
Authors: Bai Honglei , Wang Fei , Zhang Shixiong , Zhang Weiguo , Lin Yufeng
Published: March 2023

Shear layers separating from opposite sides of a bluff body are inherently connected with near wake flow structures; interfering one of the shear layers may lead to dramatic changes in the near wake flow and fluid forces on the bluff body. Being motivated by this, we investigate the square cylinder flow disturbed by a synthetic jet at one leading edge of the cylinder. Large-eddy simulations are conducted at a Reynolds number Re = 5.0 × 103. The synthetic jet is driven by a sine function with frequency fj = 0–1.65 fo and magnitude Vj,o = 0–1.0 Uo (corresponding to momentum coefficient Cμ = 0–1.01%), where Uo is the free stream velocity, and fo is the dominant vortex-shedding frequency of the uncontrolled flow. The results indicate a strong dependence of fluid forces and flow structures on Cμ and fj. Time-mean drag (C¯d) and fluctuating lift (Cl,rms) are significantly reduced at high fj (>1.21 fo) and Cμ (>0.25%), compared to those of the uncontrolled flow; the maximum reductions in C¯d and Cl,rms are up to 39% and 33%, respectively, at the highest fj = 1.65 fo and Cμ = 1.01% considered presently. Modifications of the near wake flows by the synthetic jet perturbations of different frequencies are discussed based on instantaneous, time-mean, and phased-averaged results. A high efficiency is attained by the present control strategy.
Incompressible limit of isentropic magnetohydrodynamic equations with ill-prepared data in bounded domains
Authors: Gu Xiaoyu , Ou Yaobin , Yang Lu
Published: March 2023

This paper rigorously justifies the incompressible limit of strong solutions to isentropic compressible magnetohydrodynamic equations with ill-prepared initial data in a three-dimensional bounded domain as the Mach number goes to zero. In both cases of viscous and inviscid magnetic fields, we establish a new energy functional with weight to obtain uniform estimates for strong solutions with respect to the Mach number. Then, we prove the weak convergence of a velocity and the strong convergence of a magnetic field and the divergence-free component of a velocity field, which yields the corresponding incompressible limit.
Steady three-dimensional patterns in gravity-driven film flow down an inclined sinusoidal bottom contour
Authors: Al-Shamaa B. , Kahraman T. , Wierschem A.
Published: March 2023

We experimentally studied gravity-driven film flow in an inclined corrugated channel. Beyond a critical Reynolds number, three-dimensional patterns appear. We identified two different types of patterns: a synchronous and a checkerboard one. While the synchronous pattern appears at all inclination angles studied, we observed the checkerboard one only at higher inclination angles and Reynolds numbers. The patterns suppress traveling waves and stabilize the steady flow. We characterize the patterns and their generation and provide a flow-regime map.