bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Information Spillovers at Earnings Announcements
Authors: FRANKEL RICHARD , GODIGBE BRIGHT GERSHION , RABIER MARYJANE
Published: June 2024

Research documents price co‐movements, or “spillovers,” between focal firms and their peers at focal firms’ earnings announcements. We find that both signed and absolute co‐movements between focal‐ and peer‐firm returns are significantly lower at earnings‐announcement dates compared to other dates. Analytically, we demonstrate that co‐movements do not necessarily indicate common information; instead, co‐movements measure the relative proportion of focal firm‐specific information to common information in focal‐firm earnings announcements. We study three settings where information transfers might be higher: when focal firms report significant earnings surprises, are industry leaders, or share correlated earnings patterns with peer firms. We continue to find lower return correlations during focal‐firm earnings announcements. We conduct two alternative tests but fail to find evidence that common information released during focal‐firm earnings announcements is significantly greater than on other days. These results raise doubt about the extent of the information externality attributable to financial‐report releases.
Property management technology adoption in the short‐term housing rental market
Authors: Göppinger Sophia , Luque Jaime , Marcato Gianluca
Published: June 2024

We show evidence of the impact providing information on market conditions (supply growth, demand patterns, pricing trends, and competitor rates) on pricing in the short‐term rental market. Using a sample of 2196 housing units over 18 months available on Airbnb in Madrid, Spain, we observe property managers' adoption of this technology at different points in time for 16% of our observations. Our propensity score matching estimates support the evidence of greater market transparency obtained through the adoption of this technology, with a significant increase in revenues obtained through a reduced average daily price and increased occupancy. Our results are robust to several model selections dealing with a potential endogeneity issue. We also show some preliminary evidence of property managers increasingly engaging in dynamic pricing after adopting this technology. Mainly, revenue growth seems to be generated through a small price drop leading to a rise in occupancy at the top end of the price distribution rather than at the bottom end, where a significant and much higher price drop is not able to generate the necessary occupancy growth to obtain an overall increase in revenues.
The effects of cognitive bias, examiner expertise, and stimulus material on forensic evidence analysis
Authors: Pena Michelle M. , Stoiloff Stephanie , Sparacino Maria , Schreiber Compo Nadja
Published: June 2024

Forensic examiners have come under scrutiny due to high‐profile exonerations, highlighting the consequences that contextual bias can have on investigations. Researchers have proposed solutions to reduce the effects of bias including blind testing and redacting task‐irrelevant information. Practitioners have concerns over the limitations of some of this research that uses untrained students to examine complex pieces of forensic evidence (e.g., fingerprints) (1; but see 2 for studies including trained experts and/or actual casework). This study sought to (a) examine the effect of contextual bias on examiners' evaluation of forensic evidence by varying the amount of pre‐comparison information available to participants, (b) compare student and expert examiners' performance and their vulnerability to contextual bias, and (c) examine the effects of contextual bias on examiners' evaluation of different types of forensic evidence. Expert fingerprint examiners and student participants were presented with varying amounts of pre‐comparison case information and compared matching and non‐matching fingerprint and footwear impression evidence. Results suggest no effects of blinding examiners from case information or redacting task‐irrelevant information. As expected, expert fingerprint examiners were more likely to correctly identify matching fingerprints and correctly exclude non‐matching fingerprints than students. However, expert fingerprint examiners were no better than student participants at comparing footwear impression evidence. These findings suggest that sample, stimulus selection, and discipline‐specific training matter when investigating bias in forensic decision making. These findings suggest caution when using forensic stimuli with student samples to investigate forensic decision‐making and highlight the need for more research on redaction procedures.
Overcoming gridlock? The role of city networks in transnational cooperation on climate mitigation
Authors: Taveirne Sam , Derudder Ben
Published: June 2024

Local governments engage in combating global warming by cooperating in transnational city networks. These networks are often hailed as an alternative to the alleged gridlock of interstate cooperation. Still, it remains unclear if and how the institutional characteristics of city networks can overcome this gridlock. Therefore, we analyze to what extent cooperation in city networks faces the same institutional challenges as those related to interstate collaboration. Our research focuses on six climate networks and draws on 33 in‐depth interviews, which are analyzed through qualitative directed content analysis. Three findings stand out. First, networks struggle with growing multipolarity, as they lack the capacity to engage with all members. While adopting a strongly regionalized approach, the necessary centralization to efficiently coordinate regional suboffices seems lacking. Second, targets tend to be regarded as a general direction rather than proper objectives that must be implemented within a specific time frame. Third, city officials have a less clear overview of the landscape of networks than network employees. At the same time, they indicate that the proliferation of networks complicates the internal organization of networking activities. Taken together, we conclude that climate city networks do not necessarily allow structurally avoiding the causes of interstate gridlock.
Pelvic pain education – A short review on pelvic pain and endometriosis educational programs for adolescents
Authors: Thong Hui Ping Adeline , Mardon Amelia Kate , Evans Susan
Published: June 2024

Persistent pelvic pain is a significant healthcare concern among adolescents; however adolescents often have poor health literacy regarding their pain. Current school curricula fail to specifically address pelvic pain and management strategies. This review aims to summarise current pelvic pain education programs in Australian and New Zealand schools. These programs have successfully strengthened the understanding of the psychosocial impact of periods and pelvic pain, instilled greater confidence in managing persistent pain and have allowed for prompt detection and treatment of pelvic pain in adolescents. An outcomes‐driven, collaborative, and coordinated approach is needed to improve pelvic health educational interventions for adolescents.
Without “Bipartisanship” Have Referendums to Change the Australian Constitution Ever Succeeded? An Unnoticed Success, Several Near‐Misses, and the Struggle to Explain Why Referendums Fail
Authors: Goot Murray
Published: June 2024

That bipartisanship has been required for referendums to change the Australian Constitution to succeed is regarded widely as axiomatic. But the idea of bipartisanship as a necessary condition of success is relatively new; in the first half of the twentieth century, party opposition did not loom large in accounts of why referendums failed. And for good reason. As this article shows, the importance attached to bipartisanship is based on a misreading of the record from 1906 to 1951: first, because there is one referendum—the 1946 referendum on Social Services—that passed without bipartisan support; second, because several other referendums came close to passing, despite lacking bipartisan support; and third, because bipartisanship allows for the minor party in a coalition to be opposed provided the major party is in favour—one reason why commentators have misread the success of the Social Services referendum. Whether or not bipartisanship has been necessary, it has never been regarded as sufficient. Attempts to identify more than one factor in the success of referendums have proliferated. But attempts to measure their relative importance—either in particular referendums or across referendums as a whole—have not got us very far.
Hydropathic AF‐2 variants in the androgen receptor gene among androgen insensitivity patients
Authors: Giuliatti Silvana , Benedetti Anna Flavia Figueredo , Ramos Raquel Martinez , Petroli Reginaldo José , Domenice Sorahia , Mendonca Berenice Bilharinho , Batista Rafael Loch
Published: June 2024

Background

Androgen insensitivity syndrome (AIS) is a common condition among individuals with differences of sexual development (DSD) and results from germline allelic variants in the androgen receptor (AR) gene. Understanding the phenotypic consequences of AR allelic variants that disrupt the activation function 2 (AF2) region is essential to grasping its clinical significance.

Objectives

This study aims to provide insights into the phenotypic characteristics and clinical impact of AR mutations affecting the AF2 region in AIS patients. We achieve this by reviewing reported AR variants in the AF2 region among individuals with AIS, including identifying a new phenotype associated with the c.2138T>C variant (p.Leu713Pro) in the AR gene.

Materials and methods

We comprehensively reviewed AR variants within the AF2 region reported in AIS and applied molecular dynamics simulations to assess the impact of the p.Leu713Pro variant on protein dynamics.

Results

Our review of reported AR variants in the AF2 region revealed a spectrum of phenotypic outcomes in AIS patients. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that the p.Leu713Pro variant significantly alters the local dynamics of the AR protein and disrupts the correlation and covariance between variables.

Discussion

The diverse phenotypic presentations observed among individuals with AR variants in the AF2 region highlight the complexity of AIS. The altered protein dynamics resulting from the p.Leu713Pro variant further emphasize the importance of the AF2 region in AR function.

Conclusion

Our study provides valuable insights into AR mutations' phenotypic characteristics and clinical impact on the AF2 region in AIS. Moreover, the disruption of protein dynamics underscores the significance of the AF2 region in AR function and its role in the pathogenesis of AIS.
Research on the classification of ancient silicate glass artifacts based on machine learning
Authors: Chen Wei , Chen Dan
Published: June 2024

Classifying cultural relics has always been a major challenge for archaeologists. Using glass artifacts as the research object, a classification model for glass artifacts was constructed using decision trees, support vector machines, and logistic regression methods based on their patterns, colors, surface weathering conditions, types, and composition ratios. Three models were used to identify the types of unknown glass artifacts. A subclassification model for high‐potassium glass and lead barium glass was established using the K‐means clustering method. The elbow method and average contour method were used to determine the optimal number of clusters, and the decision tree model was named based on the characteristics of the cluster center components. The research results indicate that the three models yield consistent identification results for unknown types of glass relics, and the classification results are good. Lead barium glass and high‐potassium glass can be divided into three and six subclasses, respectively, and the naming of the subclass decision tree is reasonable. The identification method for ancient glass relics in this article is highly practical and can provide a reference for the classification and identification of other component data.
Low‐dose pegylated recombinant human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor as hematopoietic support for adjuvant chemotherapy in Chinese patients with breast cancer: An open‐label, randomized, non‐inferiority trial
Authors: Yang Sheng , Chen Shan‐shan , Zhang Chang‐gong , Zhou Ying‐lei , Xiu Meng , Zhang Pin
Published: June 2024

Aims

The recommended dosage of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (PEG‐rhG‐CSF) for Western chemotherapy patients is 6 mg per cycle. However, for Eastern Asians, the optimal dose remains unknown.

Methods

This open‐label, randomized, non‐inferiority trial (NCT05283616) enrolled Chinese female breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Participants were randomized to receive either 3 or 6 mg of PEG‐rhG‐CSF per cycle, stratified by body weight (BW; ≤60 kg vs. >60 kg). The primary endpoint was timely absolute neutrophil count (ANC) recovery before the second cycle of chemotherapy.

Results

A total of 122 patients were randomized and 116 were included for efficacy analyses. The timely ANC recovery rate in the 3 mg arm was 89.8%, compared to 93.0% in the 6 mg arm (one‐sided 95% confidence interval [CI] lower limit for difference: −11.7%), meeting the prespecified non‐inferiority margin of 15%. The rate was 93.3% with PEG‐rhG‐CSF 3 mg and 96.6% with 6 mg in patients with BW ≤ 60 kg, and 86.2% and 89.3%, respectively, in those with BW > 60 kg. Although the incidence of severe neutropenia was similar across arms, the occurrence of excessively high ANC and white blood cell counts was higher in the 6 mg arm. No grade ≥3 adverse events related to PEG‐rhG‐CSF occurred.

Conclusion

Three milligrams of PEG‐rhG‐CSF per cycle provided non‐inferior neutrophil protection and attenuated neutrophil overshoot compared to 6 mg doses. This low‐dose regimen could be a new supportive care option for Chinese breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline‐based adjuvant chemotherapy.
Investigating teacher orchestration load in scripted CSCL: A multimodal data analysis perspective
Authors: Hakami Lubna , Hernández‐Leo Davinia , Amarasinghe Ishari , Sayis Batuhan
Published: June 2024

Despite the growing interest in using multimodal data to analyse students' actions in Computers‐Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) settings, studying teacher's orchestration load in such settings remains overlooked. The notion of classroom orchestration, and orchestration load, offer a lens to study the implications of increasingly complex technology‐supported learning environments on teacher performance. A combination of multimodal data may aid in understanding teachers' orchestration actions and, as a result, gain insights regarding the orchestration load teachers perceive in scripted CSCL situations. Studying teacher orchestration load in CSCL helps understand the workload teachers experience while facilitating student collaboration and assists in informing design decisions for teacher supporting tools. In this paper, we collect and analyse data from different modalities (i.e. electrodermal activity, observation notes, log data, dashboard screen recordings and responses to self‐reported questionnaires) to study teachers' orchestration load in scripted CSCL. A tool called PyramidApp was used to deploy CSCL activities and a teacher‐facing dashboard was used to facilitate teachers in managing collaboration in real time. The findings of the study show the potential of multimodal data analysis in investigating and estimating the orchestration load experienced by teachers in scripted CSCL activities. Study findings further demonstrate factors emerging from multimodal data such as task type, activity duration, and number of students influenced teachers' orchestration load.
Pharmacogenomic studies of fertility outcomes in pediatric cancer survivors – A systematic review
Authors: Stenta Tayla , Assis Michael , Ayers Katie , Tucker Elena J. , Halman Andreas , Gook Debra , Sinclair Andrew H. , Elliott David A. , Jayasinghe Yasmin , Conyers Rachel
Published: June 2024

For the same age, sex, and dosage, there can be significant variation in fertility outcomes in childhood cancer survivors. Genetics may explain this variation. This study aims to: (i) review the genetic contributions to infertility, (ii) search for pharmacogenomic studies looking at interactions of cancer treatment, genetic predisposition and fertility‐related outcomes. Systematic searches in MEDLINE Ovid, Embase Classic+Embase, and PubMed were conducted using the following selection criteria: (i) pediatric, adolescent, and young adult cancer survivors, below 25 years old at the time of diagnosis, (ii) fertility outcome measures after cancer therapy, (iii) genetic considerations. Studies were excluded if they were (i) conducted in animal models, (ii) were not published in English, (iii) editorial letters, (iv) theses. Articles were screened in Covidence by at least two independent reviewers, followed by data extraction and a risk of bias assessment using the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool. Eight articles were reviewed with a total of 29 genes. Outcome measures included sperm concentration, azoospermia, AMH levels, assessment of premature menopause, ever being pregnant or siring a pregnancy. Three studies included replication cohorts, which attempted replication of SNP findings for NPY2R, BRSK1, FANCI, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, and CYP2B6. Six studies were rated with a high risk of bias. Differing methods may explain a lack of replication, and small cohorts may have contributed to few significant findings. Larger, prospective longitudinal studies with an unbiased genome‐wide focus will be important to replicate significant results, which can be applied clinically.
Emerging clinical role of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibition—Part one: Pleiotropic pro‐atherosclerotic effects of PCSK9
Authors: Cao Zhang Alexander M. , Ziogos Efthymios , Harb Tarek , Gerstenblith Gary , Leucker Thorsten M.
Published: June 2024

Background

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is primarily recognized for its role in lipid metabolism, but recent evidence suggests that it may have broader implications due to its diverse tissue expression.

Objective

This review aims to explore the multifaceted functions of PCSK9, highlighting its pro‐atherosclerotic effects, including its impact on circulating lipoprotein variables, non‐low‐density lipoprotein receptors, and various cell types involved in atherosclerotic plaque development.

Conclusions

PCSK9 exhibits diverse roles beyond lipid metabolism, potentially contributing to atherosclerosis through multiple pathways. Understanding these mechanisms could offer new insights into therapeutic strategies targeting PCSK9 for cardiovascular disease management.
Prophylaxis with recombinant factor IX Fc fusion protein reduces the risk of bleeding and delays time to first spontaneous bleed event in previously untreated patients with haemophilia B: A post hoc analysis of the PUPs B‐LONG study
Authors: Nolan Beatrice , Recht Michael , Rendo Pablo , Falk Aletta , Foster Meredith , Casiano Sandra , Rauch Antoine , Shapiro Amy
Published: June 2024

Objectives

Haemophilia B (HB), characterised by deficient factor IX (FIX), leads to spontaneous bleeds. Severe cases require prophylactic FIX replacement. This post hoc analysis assessed the first spontaneous bleeds among previously untreated patients (PUPs) with HB treated with recombinant FIX Fc fusion protein (rFIXFc) (NCT02234310) to identify factors influencing bleeds.

Methods

Subjects included paediatric PUPs with HB (≤2 IU/dL endogenous FIX). Analyses described treatment patterns (on demand [OD] vs. prophylaxis) and prophylaxis type (started on vs. switched to prophylaxis). Kaplan–Meier analyses assessed the time to first spontaneous bleed, including median time to event and fitting models with predictors for treatment regimen and/or baseline age.

Results

PUPs B‐LONG enrolled 33 subjects. Baseline age did not influence the time to first spontaneous bleed for any rFIXFc regimen. Those who started on prophylaxis with rFIXFc (n = 11), compared with those treated OD (n = 22), had an extended time to first spontaneous bleed. Starting prophylaxis afforded a 93% reduced risk of first spontaneous bleed versus starting OD (hazard ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.071 [0.009–0.592]) (p = .015).

Conclusion

rFIXFc prophylaxis, particularly starting early, reduced the risk of bleeding and delayed time to first spontaneous bleed compared with rFIXFc OD. Hence, initial treatment regimens impact bleed patterns in paediatric PUPs.
Stearic acid enhanced starch nanocrystal integration in cassava starch film
Authors: Nzama Nkosingiphile L. , Dufresne Alain , Amonsou Eric O.
Published: June 2024

Starch nanocrystals (SNCs) have emerged as promising biodegradable nanomaterial for the enhancement of biopolymer films' properties. Nevertheless, using SNCs alone is difficult due to restricted capacity for nanocrystal integration within the film's matrix. The objective of this study was to enhance the properties of biopolymer films using waxy corn starch nanocrystals supplemented with stearic acid. Cassava starch films containing varying proportions of SNCs (0–20 wt.% starch) and steric acid (2%) were prepared and characterised. The inclusion of stearic acid substantially improved SNC integration from 5% to 15%, yielding nanocomposite films with better tensile strength, thermal stability and barrier properties than those prepared with native starch or starch‐fatty acid alone. The improvement in film properties was attributed to V‐amylose complexes formation, increased crystallinity and hydrophobicity. Microscopy images revealed homogenous film surfaces, depicting greater nanocrystal dispersibility. The supplementation of lipid additives offers a valuable strategy to improve the integration of SNCs in film matrices.
A detective story of intermittent fasting effect on immunity
Authors: Ma Ru‐xue
Published: June 2024

Intermittent fasting (IF) refers to periodic fasting routines, that caloric intake is minimized not by meal portion size reduction but by intermittently eliminating ingestion of one or several consecutive meals. IF can instigate comprehensive and multifaceted alterations in energy metabolism, these metabolic channels may aboundingly function as primordial mechanisms that interface with the immune system, instigating intricate immune transformations. This review delivers a comprehensive understanding of IF, paying particular attention to its influence on the immune system, thus seeking to bridge these two research domains. We explore how IF effects lipid metabolism, hormonal levels, circadian rhythm, autophagy, oxidative stress, gut microbiota, and intestinal barrier integrity, and conjecture about the mechanisms orchestrating the intersect between these factors and the immune system. Moreover, the review includes research findings on the implications of IF on the immune system and patients burdened with autoimmune diseases.
Effect of comprehensive nursing intervention on the formation of pressure sore in patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery in prone position
Authors: Li Li , Li Jun
Published: June 2024

Pressure ulcers are a common complication of prone orthopaedic surgery, causing pain and inconvenience to patients. This study aimed to evaluate a comprehensive nursing intervention for pressure ulcer formation in these patients. A total of 120 patients undergoing prone orthopaedic surgery were randomly divided into two groups. The study group (60 patients) received a comprehensive nursing intervention, whereas the control group (60 patients) received a routine nursing intervention. After 2 weeks, the comprehensive nursing intervention significantly reduced the incidence and degree of pressure sores and led to a shorter recovery time than the routine nursing intervention (p < 0.05). The incidence of postoperative wound complications was decreased, and patient satisfaction was significantly improved (p < 0.05). The Hamilton Anxiety Scale, Hamilton Depression Scale and visual analogue scale scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the Short Form 36 Health Survey Questionnaire scores were higher than those of the control group (p < 0.05). A comprehensive nursing intervention can significantly reduce the incidence and degree of pressure ulcers, accelerate recovery time, reduce postoperative wound complications and improve the quality of life and satisfaction of patients undergoing prone orthopaedic surgery.
Government awards to CEOs
Authors: Belot François , Waxin Timothée
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the value and corporate governance consequences of government awards for a sample of French CEOs appointed to the national Order of the Legion of Honor (Légion d'honneur). Short‐term market reactions surrounding award announcements are significantly positive, whereas the valuation of firms with awarded CEOs is greater than that of (matched) firms with nonawarded CEOs. We explore the channels through which government awards create value and find evidence that they provide awarded CEOs and their firms with increased political access. We also observe that government awards are associated with better corporate governance in that awarded CEOs are more likely to be fired for poor performance. The negative effects that have been documented for media awards and are associated with CEOs’ superstar status do not seem to apply to state awards.
Determination of the relationship between depression and suicide in young adolescents
Authors: Tuncay Suat , Sarman Abdullah
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study was designed to explore the relationships between depression, and the likelihood of suicide among young adolescents by considering various factors.

Design and Samples

It was conducted in a descriptive‐cross‐sectional format, with fieldwork spanning from November 16, 2022, to June 30, 2023. The study assessed the likelihood of depression, and suicide in young adolescents attending a university in Eastern Turkey.

Measurements

Sociodemographic features survey form, Beck's Depression Inventory and Suicide Probability Scale were used to collect data.

Results

The results from this investigation indicated that women, individuals with chronic illnesses, those with a history of psychiatric conditions, those expressing a constant desire to die, those with suicidal thoughts or plans, and those with a family member who had attempted suicide exhibited significantly higher mean scores for depression and suicide. There was a positive correlation between high depression scores and suicidal tendencies. However, no conclusive evidence of a link between depression, and suicide was established.

Conclusions

In this study, certain demographic and psychological factors were identified as correlating with elevated levels of depression and suicidal tendencies among young adolescents. It is imperative that individuals identified as being at risk be promptly referred to appropriate units for comprehensive interventions and support.
Exploring the therapeutic potential of plasma from intermittent fasting and untreated rats on aging‐induced liver damage
Authors: Allahverdi Hüseyin
Published: June 2024

This research aims to investigate the effects of plasma from 12‐month‐old intermittently fasting rats (IFpls) and untreated rats (Npls) on the liver biomolecules and histological changes in 24‐month‐old male Sprague–Dawley rats. Fasting rats underwent an 18‐h daily fasting period and a 6‐h feeding window for 35 days. The plasma was administered bi‐daily, and blood samples were examined for specific liver biomolecules. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) was used to identify molecular profiles. Liver sections were stained for histopathological evaluation, and the expression levels of Notch signalling pathway components were assessed. Distinct molecular profiles were identified across liver biomolecules, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids with high accuracy. Notably, IFpls was found to protect against hepatic instability, microvesicular steatosis and liver fibrosis by decreasing lymphatic infiltration density and Notch pathway expression levels. Both treatments reduced protein oxidation and carbonylation, with Npls showing a pronounced decrease in protein oxidation. Furthermore, Npls increased protein conformation and glycogen/phosphate content, while IFpls increased glucose/protein content. Both IFpls and Npls induce substantial and unique alterations in liver biomolecules. IFpls offers a protective effect on various liver conditions, while Npls exhibits promising results in reducing protein oxidation and altering biomolecule content. These findings offer valuable insights for future research and potential therapeutic approaches.
Multidisciplinary patient‐centered approach to the management of skin cancer
Authors: Dréno Brigitte , Mohr Peter , Sicard Jérôme , Persson Carina , Barba Ibáñez Enrique , Saint Aroman Markéta , Alivon Maureen
Published: June 2024

In recent years, new approaches for optimal patient management of cancer have focused on patient‐centered care, with integration of tumour‐directed treatment and patient‐directed supportive and palliative care throughout the disease journey from prevention through screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up. In 2022, at the International Forum of Dermatology (IFD), a scientific session was entirely dedicated to highlight recent developments on patient‐centered approaches in skin cancer. An international panel of different groups of participants involved in a patient's journey on the management of skin cancer presented and discussed challenges and barriers that persist in the field of skin cancer prevention and care pathways. Although primary prevention remains a crucial step in the prevention of melanoma, the different surveys performed during the last 20 years demonstrate that the use of sunscreen increases very slowly. Secondary prevention that includes skin screening and diagnostic measures may benefit from the development of digital tools. To improve adherence, patients need accurate, reliable information about their disease and the treatment options, and this type of content that can also be made available on digital tools. Shared decision‐making is a hallmark of a patient‐centered approach and requires health care providers who can communicate well to patients and their families, underscoring the pivotal role of health care professionals all through the patient journey. Health care providers have a crucial role in supporting patients through their journey in skin cancer. They will benefit from mobile apps and technologies that have been developed recently to address challenges in skin cancer prevention, detection and care, including those that are primarily directed to the patient. However, more peer‐reviewed studies are needed as well as regulations to ensure that apps are accurate, reliable, and up to date.
Content moderation and advertising in social media platforms
Authors: Madio Leonardo , Quinn Martin
Published: June 2024

We study the incentive of an ad‐funded social media platform to curb the presence of unsafe content that entails reputational risk to advertisers. We identify conditions for the platform not to moderate unsafe content and demonstrate how the optimal moderation policy depends on the risk the advertisers face. The platform is likely to undermoderate unsafe content relative to the socially desirable level when both advertisers and users have congruent preferences for unsafe content and to overmoderate unsafe content when advertisers have conflicting preferences for unsafe content. Finally, to mitigate negative externalities generated by unsafe content, we study the implications of a policy that mandates binding content moderation to online platforms and how the introduction of taxes on social media activity and social media platform competition can distort the platform's moderation strategies.
Environmental heterogeneity structures root‐associated fungal communities in Daphne arbuscula (Thymelaeaceae), a shrub adapted to extreme rocky habitats
Authors: Gajdošová Zuzana , Caboň Miroslav , Kolaříková Zuzana , Sudová Radka , Rydlová Jana , Turisová Ingrid , Turis Peter , Kučera Jaromír , Slovák Marek
Published: June 2024

Rocky habitats, globally distributed ecosystems, harbour diverse biota, including numerous endemic and endangered species. Vascular plants thriving in these environments face challenging abiotic conditions, requiring diverse morphological and physiological adaptations. Their engagement with the surrounding microbiomes is, however, equally vital for their adaptation, fitness, and long‐term survival. Nevertheless, there remains a lack of understanding surrounding this complex interplay within this fascinating biotic ecosystem. Using microscopic observations and metabarcoding analyses, we examined the fungal abundance and diversity in the root system of the rock‐dwelling West Carpathian endemic shrub, Daphne arbuscula (Thymelaeaceae). We explored the diversification of root‐associated fungal communities in relation to microclimatic variations across the studied sites. We revealed extensive colonization of the Daphne roots by diverse taxonomic fungal groups attributed to different ecological guilds, predominantly plant pathogens, dark septate endophytes (DSE), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Notably, differences in taxonomic composition and ecological guilds emerged between colder and warmer microenvironments. Apart from omnipresent AMF, warmer sites exhibited a prevalence of plant pathogens, while colder sites were characterized by a dominance of DSE. This mycobiome diversification, most likely triggered by the environment, suggests that D. arbuscula populations in warmer areas may be more vulnerable to fungal diseases, particularly in the context of global climate change.
Reason and reciprocity: A response to Emotion and Virtue
Authors: Crisp Roger
Published: June 2024

This paper is a review of Emotion and Virtue, by Gopal Sreenivasan. Besides providing an overview of the book, it is suggested that the view of the virtues which gives less weight to the emotions remains plausible, as does the thesis of the unity of virtue.
Carbon tax revenues and how to spend them: Danes' attitudes toward revenue recycling
Authors: Hedegaard Troels Fage , Kongshøj Kristian
Published: June 2024

Many countries are implementing carbon taxation to limit emissions, and this provides a new form of tax revenue. Studies have taken up the question of what forms of expenditure from carbon taxation receive public support and whether ‘revenue recycling’ can improve support for carbon taxation. However, public attitudes are ambiguous. We argue that some of the diverse findings partly reflect that previous studies have lacked the trade‐offs that come with expenditures and that we need to expand focus beyond what the average citizen wants. Therefore, we use an approach where members of the Danish public are asked how they would like to divide the total sum of carbon tax revenues between eight specific areas. We employ hierarchical cluster analysis, which shows a diverse field of groups. This reveals that, while generally popular, expenditures toward climate mitigation and adaptation need to be complemented by social spending to achieve broader support.

Related Articles

Ike, Vivian. 2020. “The Impact of Veto Players on Incremental and Drastic Policy Making: Australia's Carbon Tax Policy and Its Repeal.” Politics & Policy 48(2): 232–64. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12346.

Lachapelle, Erick, Thomas Bergeron, Richard Nadeau, Jean‐François Daoust, Ruth Dassonneville, and Éric Bélanger. 2021. “Citizens' Willingness to Support New Taxes for COVID‐19 Measures and the Role of Trust.” Politics & Policy 49(3): 534–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12404.

Tuxhorn, Kim‐Lee, John D'Attoma, and Sven Steinmo. 2021. “Do Citizens Want Something for Nothing? Mass Attitudes and the Federal Budget.” Politics & Policy 49(3): 566–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12406.
Role of β‐glucan on finfish and shellfish health and well‐being: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Van Doan Hien , Sumon Md Afsar Ahmed , Tran Hung Quang , Le Chinh Xuan , Mohammady Eman Y. , El‐Haroun Ehab R. , Hoseinifar Seyed Hossein , Ringo Einar , Stejskal Vlastimil , Dawood Mahmoud A. O.
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis evaluating the inclusion of β‐glucan in aquaculture animal diets and its impact on their health outcomes. Relevant studies were identified from Scopus and Web of Science databases. A total of 82 primary studies published between 1996 and 2024 were reviewed, of which 70 were included in the meta‐analysis. The results revealed that the application of β‐glucan to aquaculture animal's diets significantly enhanced specific growth rate (SGR; mean effect, g = 2.71; p < 0.001), feed conversion ratio (FCR; g = −3.88; p < 0.0001) and lowered mortality after exposure to pathogens. Likewise, β‐glucan had a positive influence (p < 0.0001) on innate immune parameters (lysozyme and phagocyte activity, NBT, ACH50, and IgM). The study found that the effects of β‐glucans varied among marine and freshwater fish where freshwater fishes (g = 2.05–6.57) exhibit better performance. This study also found a negative correlation between fish's innate immune response and trophic level, suggesting that fish with higher trophic levels may be less efficient at absorbing this bio‐stimulant. Even though there were high heterogeneity (I2 = 73%–97%, p < 0.05) due to the diversity of tested organisms and publication bias, our model and findings are valid. The findings suggest that the dietary application of β‐glucans can have beneficial effects on growth and immune responses especially for freshwater species. The validity of these observations needs to be confirmed by further prospective studies.
Adaptive and maladaptive pathways of COVID‐19 worry on well‐being: A cross‐national study
Authors: Mancini Anthony D. , Chapman Cherylle , Kadir Asha , Model Zachary , Prati Gabriele
Published: June 2024

Objective

In a preregistered study, we examined whether worries about COVID‐19 are simultaneously linked with enhanced well‐being through social interaction and with reduced well‐being through depression symptoms.

Method

In August 2020, census‐matched participants from high‐ and low‐prevalence regions in the United States and Italy (N = 857) completed assessments of COVID‐19 worry, social interaction, depression symptoms, and well‐being.

Results

Worries about COVID‐19 predicted both more social interaction and more depression (ps < 0.001). In multiple mediational analyses, an adaptive pathway of COVID‐19 worry through social interaction was associated with higher well‐being, whereas a maladaptive pathway through depression symptoms was associated with lower well‐being. Further, a comparison of high and low COVID‐19 prevalence regions replicated the mediational findings for social interaction, providing evidence against reverse causation and common method variance.

Conclusion

Findings suggest that normative worries about acute stressors may both benefit and undermine well‐being, depending on their impact on social behavior or depression symptoms.
Inference for all variants of the multivariate coefficient of variation in factorial designs
Authors: Ditzhaus Marc , Smaga Łukasz
Published: June 2024

The multivariate coefficient of variation (MCV) is an attractive and easy‐to‐interpret effect size for the dispersion in multivariate data. Recently, the first inference methods for the MCV were proposed for general factorial designs. However, the inference methods are primarily derived for one special MCV variant while there are several reasonable proposals. Moreover, when rejecting a global null hypothesis, a more in‐depth analysis is of interest to find the significant contrasts of MCV. This paper concerns extending the nonparametric permutation procedure to the other MCV variants and a max‐type test for post hoc analysis. To improve the small sample performance of the latter, we suggest a novel bootstrap strategy and prove its asymptotic validity. The actual performance of all proposed tests is compared in an extensive simulation study and illustrated by real data analysis. All methods are implemented in the R package GFDmcv, available on CRAN.
The impact of industrial robots on export stability
Authors: Zhou Hua , Fan Jiachen , Gan Tian
Published: June 2024

The application of industrial robots has emerged as a significant influencing factor on international trade. Based on product export stability data from 49 major exporting countries and corresponding industrial robot application data between 2010 and 2019, this study investigates the impact and mechanisms of industrial robot application on export stability in these countries. The findings demonstrate that the application of industrial robots enhances export stability. The mechanism results indicate that the application of industrial robots principally impacts trade stability by lowering export costs and raising the technological complexity of export products. Moreover, this effect can be enhanced by increased financial development, an innovative environment, and the empowerment of women. This study provides valuable policy implications for advancing the application of industrial robots and improving export stability.
Pedagogical Practices of Speaking Skill Instruction in Secondary Schools
Authors: Tiwari Hari  Prasad
Published: June 2024

Effective speaking skills are crucial in language education as they enhance communication and boost confidence in various social and professional settings. The research attempts to identify the various techniques, methods, and strategies employed by secondary level English teachers in teaching speaking skills at secondary level. The study employed descriptive survey design with a quantitative approach to investigate speaking skill instruction in Lumbini province, Nepal. The target population included 480 secondary-level English teachers with a minimum of five years of teaching experience. Stratified simple random sampling ensured representation from community and institutional schools. Data collection utilized a structured questionnaire with 45 open-ended questions, distributed electronically to ensure anonymity. Findings revealed disparities in time allocation for speaking instruction between community and institutional schools. Most teachers allocate one or two periods per week, with institutional schools dedicating more time. Emphasis on fluency, accuracy, or both varies, with a majority focusing on both aspects. Learner-centered techniques are favored for engaging students, with role play and prepared talks common activities. Motivational techniques include questioning, classroom discussions, and role assignment. Preferred pronunciation improvement techniques involve imitation and recording exercises. Materials like pictures and newspapers are frequently used, while audio devices are favored for teaching. Testing techniques focus on oral questions and picture description. Preferred teaching techniques include picture describing and dialogue/interview/prepared talks. Effective classroom environment and management emphasize well-managed classrooms and limited student numbers. Overall, practices in institutional schools show a greater emphasis on learner-centered approaches and varied activities compared to community schools.
Laplacian Spectrum and Energy of the Cyclic Order Product Prime Graph of Semi-dihedral Groups
Authors: Mohamed Norlyda , Mohd Ali Nor Muhainiah , Bello Muhammed
Published: June 2024

This paper introduces cyclic order product prime graphs to examine the spectral graph properties of semi-dihedral groups, specifically focusing on the Laplacian spectrum and energy. Combining principles from cyclic graphs and order product prime graphs enhances understanding of group algebraic structures. In this context, the cyclic order product prime graph for a finite group is defined as one where two distinct vertices are adjacent if their generated subgroup is cyclic, and the product of their orders is a prime power. Our methodological approach begins with establishing a general presentation for these graphs within semi-dihedral groups. This foundational step is essential for deriving some properties, such as vertex degrees, the number of edges, and Laplacian characteristic polynomials. This information subsequently facilitates the determination of the Laplacian spectrum, characterized by seven eigenvalues of various multiplicities, and the computation of their Laplacian energy. The semi-dihedral group of order 16 is a particular example to illustrate the practicality and generality of our theorems.
Sarnak's conjecture in quantum computing, cyclotomic unitary group coranks, and Shimura curves
Authors: Ingalls Colin , Jordan Bruce W. , Keeton Allan , Logan Adam , Zaytman Yevgeny
Published: June 2024

Sarnak's conjecture in quantum computing concerns when the groups and over cyclotomic rings with , , are generated by the Clifford‐cyclotomic gate set. We previously settled this using Euler–Poincaré characteristics. A generalization of Sarnak's conjecture is to ask when these groups are generated by torsion elements. An obstruction to this is provided by the corank: a group has only if is not generated by torsion elements. In this paper, we study the corank of these cyclotomic unitary groups in the families and , , by letting them act on Bruhat–Tits trees. The quotients by this action are finite graphs whose first Betti number is the corank of the group. Our main result is that for the families and , the corank grows doubly exponentially in as ; it is 0 precisely when , and indeed, the cyclotomic unitary groups are generated by torsion elements (in fact by Clifford‐cyclotomic gates) for these . We give explicit lower bounds for the corank in two different ways. The first is to bound the isotropy subgroups in the action on the tree by explicit cyclotomy. The second is to relate our graphs to Shimura curves over via interchanging local invariants and applying a result of Selberg and Zograf. We show that the cyclotomy arguments give the stronger bounds. In a final section, we execute a program of Sarnak to show that our results for the and families are sufficient to give a second proof of Sarnak's conjecture.
Lipids and proteins: Insights into the dynamics of assembly, recognition, condensate formation. What is still missing?
Authors: Argudo Pablo G.
Published: June 2024

Lipid membranes and proteins, which are part of us throughout our lives, have been studied for decades. However, every year, new discoveries show how little we know about them. In a reader-friendly manner for people not involved in the field, this paper tries to serve as a bridge between physicists and biologists and new young researchers diving into the field to show its relevance, pointing out just some of the plethora of lines of research yet to be unraveled. It illustrates how new ways, from experimental to theoretical approaches, are needed in order to understand the structures and interactions that take place in a single lipid, protein, or multicomponent system, as we are still only scratching the surface.