bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The validity of Immunohistochemical Expression of PTEN protein in detecting PTEN gene deletion in Prostate cancer
Authors: T B Kammuna Nabeel , M J Al-Taraihi Kaswr , A H Al-Janabi Asaad
Published: January 2024

PTEN gene is a tumor suppressor gene located in 10q23,3 that encode dual- specificity protein and lipid phospatase with tensin homologe. PTEN signaling regulate cell division and direct cells to enter natural cell death pathway. loss of PTEN leads to over –activation of AKt, which in turn , is associated with uncontrolled cell proliferation. In this cross section study, we examined 50 paraffin-embedded blocks belongs to 50 patients with proved prostate cancer, All slides subjected to IHC PTEN Ab to assess the expression of PTEN protein , and to molecular study of PTEN gene in all tissues by using CISH technique. The results show that 54.55% (6/11) of the heterozygous PTEN deletion had negative PTENprotein expression, and the remaining cases 45.45% (5/11) had weak –positive PTEN expression , while all the cases of homozygous deletion of PTEN gene show negative PTEN protein expression.
Multi-detector Coronary CT Angiography in Comparison with Invasive Coronary Angiography in the evaluation of Significant Coronary Artery Stenosis
Authors: Ali Essa Al-Mamuri Hassan , Saeed Taj-Aldeen Wisam , Zamel Al-Shibani Mazin
Published: January 2024

Background: Multi-detector CT angiography (MDCTA) allows detection of coronary artery calcium (CAC) and after contrast injection, visualization of the coronary artery lumen. It is commonly assumed that the absence of coronary calcification makes the presence of obstructive coronary lesions highly unlikely. Coronary computed tomographic angiography (CCTA) is a promising way for diagnosis of coronary artery lesion; however, image quality is still impaired by motion artifacts and calcifications. Objectives: To compare the ability of multi-slice coronary CT angiography (MSCCTA) with invasive coronary angiography (ICA) for detection of significant coronary artery stenosis. Patients and methods: It is hospital-based cross sectional study, enrolled 65 patients who attended to Iraqi Center for Heart Disease (Baghdad) and Shaheed Al-Mehrab Cardiac Center (Babylon) from June-2012 to March-2015 complaining from chest pain and fulfill the appropriate use criteria (AUC) for CCTA. Patients who underwent MSCCTA, with lesions causing ? 50% stenosis were subsequently studied by ICA. A total of 450 native main vessels and secondary branches were analyzed by single blind observer. Results: CCTA demonstrated a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and a negative predictive value (NPV), when compare with ICA, of 71.5%, 69.5%, 82.4%,67.12%; respectively for primary coronary arteries; and 56.25%, 97%, 62.5%, 95.25%, respectively for secondary coronary arteries. Overall sensitivity and specificity for all coronary arteries and their branches were 64% and 83.3% respectively; with a positive predictive value of 72.5%, and a negative predictive value of 81.1%. Conclusions: The sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of MSCCTA in the evaluation of significant coronary artery disease (CAD) were low compared with ICA.
Role of the Triple Test in the Evaluation of Breast Mass
Authors: Hasan Sagir Imad , Wali Ali Thair , Abd Alhamza Borhan Sheimaa
Published: January 2024

This prospective study was carried out on 210 female patients with a diagnosis of breast mass admitted to the surgical unit of Al-Diwaniya Teaching Hospital over a period of 2 years from January 2013 to December 2014. Each patient was assessed by the triple test which includes physical examination, imaging studies , and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC). The results of each modality of the triple test were classified as benign, suspicious or malignant and then compared with the final diagnosis obtained by the histopathological examination. Breast mass was more common in the fourth decade of life (40.47 %), and the most common associated clinical feature was pain in 30.95 % of cases. Fibroadenoma was the most common benign breast mass ( 41.9 %), while invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common malignant breast mass (27.14 %). The most accurate element of the triple test was FNAC witha concordance rate of 0.89 (almost perfect agreement),while physical examination was the least accurate element with a concordance rate of 0.62(substantial agreement). The concordance rate of the triple test was 0.94 (almost perfect agreement) and it was higher than that of any modality used in the triple test. The sensitivity of the triple test was 93.85 % , specificity 99.31 % , positive predictive value (PPV) 98.39 %, negative predictive value (NPV) 97.30 % , and accuracy 97.62 % , and again these figures were higher than those of the elements of the triple test.So that the triple test can be safely used as an accurate and least invasive diagnostic test in the evaluation of patients with breast mass and to detect patients with breast cancer
Hearing morbidity post head and neck radiotherapy
Authors: ALI ABD-ALMER JWAD Ali
Published: January 2024

Introduction: radiation therapy carries an important role in the treatment of head and neck (H&N) cancers. Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation produces a variety of biological and molecular changes that may manifest clinically as tumor killing or normal tissue toxicity, the type and severity of these effects depend on variables such as the energy and type of radiation, the composition of target biologic tissue, the cellular and molecular response, duration of exposure, and cellular microenvironment. A sound signal in the environment is collected by the pinna, passes through external auditory canal and strikes the tympanic membrane_ Vibrations of the tympanic membrane are transmitted to stapes footplate through a chain of ossicles coupled to the tympanic membrane Movements of stapes footplate cause pressure changes in the labyrinthine flu ids which move the basilar membrane. This stimulates the hair cells of the organ of Corti. It is these hair cells which act as transducers and convert the mechanical energy into electrical impulses which travel along the auditory nerve.

Objective: to determine the effect of radiotherapy on hearing process.

Method: Prospective case control study on 45 patients (90 ears) in al diwaniyah teaching hospital from January 2013 to October 2016 with head and neck malignant tumors diagnosed by histopathological specimens, of both sexes and treated with radiotherapy are included in the study. Patient with history of hearing impairment (disabling or documented sever to profound hearing loss), chronic otitis media and those who receive chemotherapy previously are excluded from study. Pre radiotherapy pure tone audiogram and 6 month after when the patient come back to oncology unit for fellow up their condition those patients allocated in group A while group B (control) 45 healthy person (90 ears) are chosen from staff of hospital and college of medicine after announcement for volunteers in study pure tone audiogram done for them as in case group.

Results: Regarding the mean of age for group A was 53 years with range from 30-70 years , with male: female ratio 4:1while for control group(B) was 49 years with range 25-60 years  and male to female ratio 2:1. Most common neoplasia was carcinoma of larynx followed by nasopharyngeal , oropharyngeal and hypo pharyngeal carcinoma, oral cavity and paranasal sinuses Regarding hearing about 38 (42.18%) of patients (group A) not affected by radiotherapy while 43 patients (47.75%) got worse hearing after radiotherapy, only 9 patients (9.99%) had hearing improvement. While in control group 73 (81.11%) not changed, 6(6.66%) deteriorate and 11(12.22%) had improve hearing.

Conclusions:

Radiotherapy induced hearing problems occur in significant number in patient with head and neck tumors.

Hearing morbidity post radiotherapy mainly sensory neural

Patient counselling before radiotherapy about hearing disabilities should be regarded.

Further long term studies and larger sample are needed.
Breast feeding and asthma in children in Diwanyiah
Authors: Naji Al-Hajjiah Nasma
Published: January 2024

Background:     the protective effect of  and the association between breastfeeding and  asthma has raised substantial interest and is a subject of debate.

Objectives:  to study the relationship between asthma and  feeding pattern in children up to the age of 12 years in Diwaniah, Iraq with a focus on breast feeding.

Patients and methods: this is a prospective study accomplished  in the maternity and children teaching hospital in Diwaniah ,Iraq during the period from January 2015 to March 2016. The study involves 1242 patients with the diagnosis of asthma and control group of 1350 healthy infants and children were chosen for comparison. The pattern of feeding and the period of breast feeding in both groups were  recorded together with other variables.

Results: sixty six percent( 688 out of 1041) of patients with asthma ? 5 years were artificially fed and only 13.5% of them were breast fed.  the rate of asthma is significantly less in children with breast feeding especially when the age interval under five years is taken into consideration.

Conclusion: early, exclusive and  prolonged breastfeeding  protects against asthma in children particularly in those less than 5 years of age.
Risk factors of congenital anomalies in Karbala
Authors: K. alaarji Khalid
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND; Congenital anomalies can be defined as structural or functional abnormalities present at birth. They are an important cause of morbidity and mortality in infants. Various risk factors have been identified as contributing factors to these defects. The objectives of the present study are to determine the frequency of different structural congenital anomalies and possible risk factors responsible for these anomalies.

METHODS; This case - control study was carried out in the neonatal intensive care unit of Kerbala teaching hospital for children in Karbala / Iraq. The study was conducted over 18 month’s period from January 1, 2014 to May 31, 2015. All babies admitted to neonatal care unit with congenital anomalies during this period were included apart from neonate with suspicion of inborn error of metabolism and those with chromosomal abnormalities because there are no facilities for definite diagnosis of these diseases.

      Seventy seven newborns with congenital anomalies included in this study, males 47(61.04%) and females 30 (38.96%) and 100 newborn without congenital anomalies, male 59 (59%) and female 41 (41%), selected randomly as a control.

     The statistical method which used to signify the risk factors is relative risk (RR). [RR = 1 no effect, RR > 1 is a risk factor, and RR < 1 is protective]

RESULTS; In present study, the congenital anomalies related to the cardiovascular system (CVS) were the most common 33(42.86%). Males 47(61.04%) were more commonly affected than females 30 (38.96%). Cases of congenital anomaly were found in 60 (77.92%) of multiparas, whereas 17 (22.08%) in primiparas. It has been seen that 45 (58.44%) of the mothers were 20 - 30 years old, 15 (19.48%) of the mothers were between 30 - 40 years old, and 6 (7.79%) of the mothers were over the 40 years old.

    In the present study, 54 (70.13%) mothers of babies delivered with congenital anomalies had a history of consanguinity. Also, 6 (7.79%) mothers of babies delivered with congenital anomalies had a history of diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSION; The congenital anomalies were cardiovascular system (CVS) 33(42.86%), gastrointestinal system 25 (32.47%), and central nervous system 14 (18.18%).

 

The main risk factors were consanguinity and maternal diabetes.
Value of carotid Doppler ultrasound and brain CT scan in ischemic stroke
Authors: Muslem Kadhim Alrubaye Ammar , Ali -Hussaini Huda , Hassan al-timimi Hashim , Ismail Al-Saadi Wasan
Published: January 2024

Sonographic evaluation of the carotid arteries, both gray scale and Doppler is widely used for risk assessment for cerebrovascular accidents .This study was conducted to assess the state of carotid vessels in patients with acute ischemic stroke by assessing intima-media thickness of common carotid , internal carotid stenosis with the size of ischemic area that diagnosed by using computed tomography . : A total of 68 patient with stroke (21 females , 47 males) were assesed, Gray scale & Doppler US of the ipsilateral carotid arteries performed , measurement of IMT of CCA , the presence of any plaque recorded , the diameter reduction measurement PSV & EDV of the CCA & ICA . 36 patient have no stenosis (52.94%), 32 remaining patient have different degree of stenosis (47.05%),as follow .19 patient have mild stenosis (H1)(59.37%), 9 patient have moderate stenosis (H2)(28.12%) , 4 patient have sever stenosis(H3)(12.5%).40 patient showed increased IMT (58.82%), 28 patient had normal IMT (41.17%).42 patients are smokers (61.76%),So increased intimal media thickness of common carotid artery is associated with stroke .Large size ischemic stroke are more associated with high degree of internal carotid artery stenosis ,There is a significant relation between atheromatous plaque and size of brain infarction
Polymorphism of Vitamin D Receptor (re2228570) in Sera of Coronary Artery Diseases and its Association with Various Anthropometric and Biochemical Parameters
Authors: Siham  Abdul Zahra Rahi Siham , Jawad Al-Tu’ma Fadhil , Madlool Al-Ganabi Anwar , F. Al-Tu’ma Jawad
Published: January 2024

Objective : Coronary artery disease is increasing and accounts for a high proportion among others diseases. In Iraq various studies have been reported that the polymorphism of vitamin D receptor VDR-Fok I gene like rs 2228570 are associated with CAD patients.

Aim: This study was aimed to investi­gate the association between the SNP of VDR Fok I (rs2228570) gene with various anthropometric and biochemical parameters as a risk for CAD in Iraqi population.

Methods and Materials :  The  current case - control study consisted of  300 samples , 150 of them were obtained from CAD patients who underwent the angiography  department – heart centre – Al-Hussein Teaching Hospital, Al-Hussein Medical City / Holy Kerbala - Iraq  and  another 150 healthy control samples. Phenotypic data included body mass index (BMI), levels of fasting blood sugar (FBS), lipid profile, and blood urea, serum creatinine. Genotyping of rs2228570 polymorphism was carried out by PCR–RFLP method. DNA was extracted from genomic whole blood and genotyping was achieved with specific primers to amplify fragments for digestion with restriction enzymes. The enzyme Fok I was used for the digestion of VDR gene product followed by electrophoresis on agarose gel. Various statistical analyses were applied to analyse the data.

Result:  Digestion of   VDR – Fok I gene product  (PCR-product ) exhibited an amplicon size of 273 bp, when this amplicon digested with Fok I enzyme, it gives three genotypes indicated one (273bp), two (75 bp + 198  bp) and three (75 bp + 198 bp + 273 bp ) bands for those with wild type (TT), homozygous (CC) and heterozygous (TC) genotypes respectively. Genotype frequencies of rs2228570 polymorphism were found to be consistent with Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with allele frequencies of TT wild genotype (33.3%), TC heterozygous genotype (46.7%), and CC homozygous genotype (20%) in cases of  CAD  group while  66.7%, 30 % and 3.3 % for wild, heterozygous, and homozygous in the control group respectively. The homozygous genotype (CC) was significantly (OR= 7.25, CI 2.74-19.20 , P<0.001 ) increased the risk of CAD seven and quarter folds with respect to those of the wild type (TT) after adjustment for age, sex and BMI, while the TC genotype significantly (OR =  2.04, CI 95%  ; 1.27-3.28 , P<0.001) raised the risk of CAD by two folds. Co-dominant genotypes of rs2228570 polymorphism exhibited significant association with anthropometric and biochemical parameters such as BMI, and  lipid profile among  patients  groups as compared with control groups.

Conclusion:  The obtained results improved that the gene polymorphism of VDR-Fok I  was associated with high risk for development and progression of CAD  and exhibited a significant association with increased BMI and lipid profile of coronary artery diseases of Iraqi population.
Association of HLA-DR3, and some autoantibodies in autoimmune hepatitis patients
Authors: Abaulla Taher Abdulrazzaq , Al-Hilaly Hammadi , T. Al-Obeidy Osama
Published: January 2024

AIH so far thought to be an auto-immune disease. One of the genetic predisposing factors is thought to be HLA-DR3 and DR4 genes. The present study aimed at investigation the frequencies of HLA-DR3, DR4 and HLA-B27 genes among the Real-time PCR were used for the HLA-genes. The age of the patients were ranged from 7- 69 years in AIH group and from 8-67 years in healthy controls group. On the context of genotyping of HLA- genes, DR3, DR4, and B27 were found to be differed in their frequencies significantly among AIH patients that creating high etiological fraction of 0.504, 0.583, and 0.129 respectively compared to healthy controls, with odd ratio (OR) 7.35 for DR3, high OR 8.0 for DR4 and 2.23 for B27. The frequencies of these genes in AIH patients, highly significant differed betweenpatient group, for DR3 compared to healthy group which 58.3% and 16% respectively, and very high significantly differed between patient group for DR4 compared to healthy group which 66.7% and 20% respectively, while no significant differed between patient group compared to healthy group for B27 which 23.3% and 12% respectively.
Efficacy of glycerol rhizotomy in trigeminal neuralgia: case-series
Authors: Abbas Al-Khafaji Zuhair , Ali Ahmed Methaq
Published: January 2024

Treatment of trigeminal neurolagia by percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy was assessed in a series of 45 patients during the period from May 2008 through June 2012 with a follow up period ranging from 2 to 24 months postoperatively. All patients enrolled in the present study were considered medical failures before the procedure. Achievement of substantial pain relief was reported in 42 patients (93.3 %) and no further medical treatment was needed. Outcome also included reduction in facial sensation in 30 patients (66.7 %) and recurrence in 4 patients (8.9 %). Failure of treatment was seen in 3 patients (6.7 %).

Conclusion: percutaneous retrogasserian glycerol rhizotomy offers safe and reliable relief of pain in patients with trigeminal neuralgia; low recurrence rate and long lasting reduction in facial sensations are the major disadvantages; nonetheless, it is by far, in our opinion, the method of choice in elderly particularly high risk patients.
The rate of migraine headache among sample of Iraqi diabetic patients: a cross sectional study
Authors: Khalil Ibraheem  Al-Hamadani Hussein
Published: January 2024

Background: Migraine is characterized by recurrent attacks of headache and its pathophysiology is still enigmatic. A number of environmental factors   has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine by some authors (3). Trials of linking metabolic derangements to the pathophysiology of headache episode in migraine patients have recently emerged in a number of literatures.  Obesity and diabetes have been evaluated in a number of studies in relation to migraine.

Aim of the study: To evaluate the rate of migraine headache among a sample of Iraqi diabetic patients.

Patients and methods: Current cross sectional study included 200 patients already diagnosed as having type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Those patients were reviewed for having criteria suggesting migraine headache according to “International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)”. Variables included in the present study are: age, gender, type of diabetes mellitus, duration of diabetes and the level of HbA1c%. The study was conducted at the neurology unit, Al-Dewaniyah teaching hospital, Al-dewaniyah province, Iraq. The study started on January 2017 and ended at June 2018.

Results: Number of diabetic patients with migraine was 58 out of 200 accounting for a rate of 29%. Migraineurs were more likely to be female gender in comparison with diabetic non-migraineurs, male to female proportion of 21/37 versus 79/63, respectively; the difference was significant (P=0.013). Patients with type 1 diabetes were more liable to have migraine than patients with type 2 diabetes, 13 out of 29 (44.8%) versus 45 out of 171 (26.3%), respectively; the difference was significant (P=0.042). According to the type of treatment, those patients on insulin therapy were more liable to be migraineurs than those patients on oral hypoglycemic agents, 38 out of 100 (38%) versus 20 out of 100 (20%), respectively; the difference was highly significant (P=0.005). Patients with migraine had significantly longer duration of diabetes in comparison with those diabetics who are free of migraine, 7.18 ±4.43 years versus 4.18 ±4.58 years, respectively, (P<0.001).

Conclusion: the present study showed that the prevalence of migraine headache in diabetic patients is higher than in the general population and its rate is significantly associated with the duration of diabetes, type 1 diabetes, insulin therapy and female gender.
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and rifampicin sensitive -resistant patients diagnosed by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF test in Al-Diwaniyah province
Authors: Abdelkadhim Jawad Alaa , Shareef Hussain Hassan , Naji Ayyez Hayder
Published: January 2024

To date, tuberculosis (TB) is still a disease of big concern to humanity because it leads to losses in various life aspects such as people lives and economics. Because the long time and hard efforts needed to diagnose the disease, we have conducted this study to better detect the disease in patients in Al-Diwaniyah province, Iraq. Moreover, we have also launched this research to identify rifampicin-sensitive and -resistant patients. To fulfill our aims, we have recruited GeneXpert system for performing the Xpert MTB/RIF test that identifies specific DNAsequences of Mycobacterium tuberculosis(MTB) and rifampicin-resistant patients. For this, 179 patients who visited The Chest and Respiratory Clinic Diseases, Diwaniyah, Iraq, were referred to submit sputum specimens to the GeneXpert. After the test had been run, 157 (87.7%) samples were negative, and 22 (12.3%) were positive to the bacterium. Out of 22 patients, 17 (77%) patients were sensitive, and 5 (23%) patients were resistant to the rifampicin. Our resultsindicate that the disease is still affecting the life of people in the province but has low percentage of rifampicin resistance in those patients. This keeps encouraging the continuous use of this drug against this bacterium. Moreover, the results attract the health facilities to use GeneXpert as reliable tool to diagnose MTBand whether it is resistant or sensitive to rifampicin.
Trend of lung cancer in AL-Diwanyah teaching hospital (chest department)
Authors: H.Albadri Abdulraheem , Mohsen Alzamily Sabah
Published: January 2024

Lung cancer is responsible for the most cancer deaths in both men and women throughout the world. Deaths from lung cancer (160,440 in 2004, according to the National

Cancer Institute) exceed the number of deaths from four other major cancers combined (breast, colon, pancreatic and prostate).

 

Objective:

 To assess the behavior and the approaches of lung cancer in a sample of Iraqi patients.

 

Methods:

 This descriptive retrospective study was performed using the records of 450 patients proved to have lung cancer that had attending the chest department in ALdiwanyah teaching hospital for the period from January,1st,2003 December,31st,2018.

 

Results:

 The results of this study revealed that 70% of the patients were male, with a mean age of 63 years. The majority of the patients (96%) were smokers, the number of cases increases with the increase in the duration of smoking or the amount of daily cigarette smoking. ,that can be calculated into tow groups(more than 20 pack-year were 80% while less than 20 pack-year were 16%).

  Conclusions:

 Lung cancer is an important and serious public health problem with an increasing in incidence and prevalence in Iraq; cough is the most common clinical finding, found in 60% of patients, followed by chest pain (22%); cigarette smoking is responsible for the at least 95% of its etiology. Sequamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of primary lung cancer in Iraq (44%) with prominence in male gender; adenocarcinoma is the second common type(30%). Key words: Lung cancer, Bronchogenic carcinoma,Tumor
Frequency of recurrence of nasal polyps post endoscopic polypectomy
Authors: Mohsin Hasan Al-Khazaali Amer , Kalaf Mahdi Abbas
Published: January 2024

Background :

Enoscopic polypectomy in those patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps  have many objects. These are :

Opening diseased sinus ostia to help restoration of mucociliary clearence ,removing the diseased tissue to alleviate symptoms of nasal blockage, help in delivery and distribution of topical nasal therapy to the diseased mucosa in the nose and paranasal sinuses, especially to the frontal and sphenoid sinuses and also to open the olfactory cleft area to improve the sense of smell.

Objectives  : To discover the frequency of recurrence of sinonasal polyp post surgical removal by means of endoscopic polypectomy (EP) also the associated risk factors that  predispose to that recurrence.

Design : prospective study.

Patient and method : Thirty two patients presented to the  (E.N.T.) department in ALdiwaniyah general  Hospital suffering from sign and symptom of nasal polyp resisting  to medical polypectomy, with different ages and sex were studied from period of April 2018 to March 2019 ,and they were submitted for full history, clinical, endoscopic examination, radiological evaluation ,then the patients submit to of Endoscopic polypectomy, later on follow-up was done for period of 12 month that included:  frequent  endoscopic nasal examination.

Results : In this study we evaluate the frequency of the recurrence of nasal polypos post endoscopic polypectomy was 25%.

 

Conclusion: The overall recurrence rate was 25%, the highest frequency of recurrence was  during the period of first six months post  surgery and especially after the forth month.

 

Aim of the study :

To evaluate  frequency of the recurrence of sinonasal polyp post endoscopic polypectomy (EP) . also the associated risk factors that  predispose to that recurrence.
Molecular and Phylogenetic study of Klebsiella aerogenes isolated from infected burned skin
Authors: Abdelkadhim Jawad Alaa , Naji Ayyez Hayder , Ali Muhammid Hayder
Published: January 2024

This study was intended to explore if infected burns of patients of Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq, haveKlebsiellaaerogenes as one of the pathogenic bacteria that infect burns or wounds. For such case, traditional, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and DNA gyrase subunit B gene (gyrB)-partial sequencing tooling to confirm diagnosis. Primary testing of the sample using blood and MacConkey agars and certain biochemical tests alarmed that the bacterium was present in this specimen. The PCR results confirmed the occurrence of the infection by this bacterial agent. The gyrBgene-partial sequencing followed by drawing a phylogenic tree placed the bacterium in a separate cluster from other Enterobacteriaceae family members. The current study indicates that this bacterium is present in the infected burns or injuries in Al-Diwaniyahcity.Our results have been reviewed the current trends in molecular phylogenetic analysis, A computational phylogenetic study and data was approach and registered Klebsiellaaerogenes with accession number (MG560868.1).
School performance among diabetic Children and adolescents
Authors: Kadem Jlab Ahmed , Saab Hasan Abbas
Published: January 2024

Type 1 Diabetes millets it has a direct impact on cognitive functions. For prevent this problem, needs a good glycemic control, which can do by self-measurement blood glucose or need assistant from parents or teachers.

The child’s school performance will be best if the blood sugar remains in the acceptable range. Left untreated both high and low blood sugar levels can affect the child’s ability to concentrate on schoolwork and participate in school activities.

The cross section study was conducted on 100 diabetic patients aged between 8-18 years from Aldiwaniyah diabetic center, in Aldiwanyia city, from period of 1st March to 1st June, to estimated the effect of glycemic control on school performance, after selected patients, made an interviewed with them &/ parents, asked about demographical information (age, sex, level of education, residence, occupation & education of parents) disease variables (onset, duration, complication hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia, hospitalization, episodes of admission, insulin treatment times doses, blood sugar level, self measure &injection, regular visit to clinic), bad glycemic controls consider by level of HbA1c above 7% or had hyperglycemia for more than 3 times or hypoglycemia more than 2 times in last six months. School characters (failure, absences, skipping, exercise, activity) Poor school performance consider if she/he had absence from school more than 3 days, had school failure, skipping.

The bad school performance was observed in 73%, those with bad glycemic control represented (61%), in (83.7%) of bad glycemic control had poor school performance, in (79.6) patients with longer disease duration had poor school performance, on other hand (83.6%) of Patients with more frequent admission to hospital due to Diabetics complication had poor school performance.

In conclusion bad glycemic control, frequency of admission and disease duration were negatively effect on school performance, level of education patients his mother and self measurement of blood sugar were a determinants of glycemic control.

Recommendation was concentrated on ways of glycemic control by frequent self measurement, education of patients and relatives on nature of Diabetes and enhance compliance and motivation of patients. Frequent supervising by health care provider to schools of patients for reassurance and support of children and teachers.
Detection and determination of hepatitis B using molecular and serological methods in patients with hepatitis B in Al-Diwaniya Iraq
Authors: Abdulkhudhur Al-Zubaidi Mohsin , Bahreini Masoumeh , Reza Sharif moghadam Mohammad , Saleh Abood Al-Rubaye Wissam
Published: January 2024

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most prevalent pathogens in the world and infection with this virus is a serious threat for public health. The pathogenesis of HBV depends on the critical interplay between viral and host factors. 

  Test 88 samples for the detection of serological markers using ELISA and PCR technique for positive HBsAg. Regarding population group (HBsAg) positive, the seroprevalence rate of HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc IgM, HBc Total  HBeAg , anti-HBe and HBV DNA were 25%, 5%, 12%, 10%, 9%, 17% and 22%  respectively. In this study, hepatitis was diagnosed with the following tests HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HBc IgM, anti-HBc total using the ELISA device. HBV DNA was also tested using PCR. To determine the stage of the disease, the HBeAg, anti-HBe and ALT test was added and the stages of the disease were Chronic HBV, Acute HBV, Incubation period, Recovery stage, Window stage, false positive and carrier stage 36.36%, 25%, 17.07%, 15.90%, 2.27%, 2.27 % and 1.13% respectively.
Evaluation of endometrial thickness, follicular growth, and serum estradiol levels in spontaneous (fertile) vs induced (infertile) cycles via clomiphene or gonadotropin
Authors: Abass Rehab
Published: January 2024

Abstract

Objectives: The current evaluating study was launched to assess endometrial thickness (ET), follicular growth (FG), and serum estradiol (SE) levels in spontaneous (fertile) vs induced (infertile) cycles via clomiphene or gonadotropin.

Patients and methods: The work included two groups; a study group (SG) and a control group (CG). The SG contained 196 patients who suffered infertility and was divided into two subgroups according to the treatment that the patients received, clomiphene (SGC) or gonadotrophin (SGG). The CG included 130 healthy, fertile, individuals who received no treatment. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVU) was used to evaluate the treatment effects on the ET and FG plus ovulation. The SE levels of the group members were measured using a competitive radioimmunoassay (CRIA).

Results:A trilaminar endometrium was ultrasonically recognized in the SGC and the CGshowing three hyper-echogenic lines with inner hypo-echogenic regions. ET was significantly (p?0.05)reduced in the SGCwhen compared with that in the CG.The follicular diameter (FD) was significantly (p?0.05) larger in the SGs than that in the CG. However, the FD significantly (p?0.05) increased in the SGG in comparison to that in the CG. The SE levels were significantly (p?0.05) higher during the mid of the cycle in the SGs than those in the CG.  

Conclusion: The assessed effects of the clomiphene or gonadotropin on the endometrial features, ovulation, and serum estradiol levels provide significant prognostic information regarding the use of those treatments in infertile women.
The Role of Oral Phenobarbital Therapy in the Management of Neonates with Prolonged Unconjugated Hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Mahdi Al-Musawi Zuhair , N. Al-Musawi Sabah , Muayad Mohammed Ali Inas
Published: January 2024

Background: Prolonged jaundice is a type of neonatal jaundice, which occurs in infants with high bilirubin levels (>10 mg/dl) persisting beyond day 14 of life in term neonates, and beyond day 21 in preterm neonates. Prolonged jaundice may be caused by predominantly conjugated or unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Distinguishing between these types of jaundice helps to determine the risk for pathological causes of prolonged jaundice.

Phenobarbital has been used to treat neonatal jaundice since the 1960s. Numerous clinical trials have shown that both administration of phenobarbital to pregnant mothers before delivery and phenobarbital administration to neonates after delivery limit the severity of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, reduce the peak serum total bilirubin concentrations caused by physiologic jaundice by 50%, and the need for exchange transfusion.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of phenobarbital in reducing the total serum bilirubin(TSB) in neonates with prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. 

Methods: This is a prospective clinical trial study that was performed in Karbala teaching hospital for children from 18th of December 2017 to the end of December 2018. A total of 101 neonate with prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were included in this study. All neonates who included in this study received phenobarbital tablet (5 mg /kg/day) twice a day for 10 days and some of them need phototherapy according to American Academy Of Pediatrics Guidelines  for phototherapy,

Results: There was a highly statistically significant decrease in TSB for the patients who were treated with phenobarbital compared to the baseline level, mean baseline TSB 14.57± 2.31 mg/dl versus TSB after phenobarbital 6.79±1.62 mg/dl (P value <0.001). There was a highly statistically significant decrease in TSB for the patients who were treated with phototherapy in addition to phenobarbital compared to the baseline level, mean baseline TSB 19.94±1.36 mg/dl versus TSB after phototherapy and phenobarbital 6.33±1.37 mg/dl (P value <0.001).

Conclusions: 

Oral phenobarbital supplementation in the neonates with prolonged unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia can significantly accelerate reduction in serum bilirubin levels.

Phenobarbital was safe, tolerable and no obvious adverse effects had been reported.

No need for cessation of breast feeding in cases of presumed breast milk jaundice.
Gold Nanoparticles as anti-ovarian cancer therapy
Authors: Awadh Mekradh Hayat , Mezaal Hameed Fatimah
Published: January 2024

Cancer of the ovary is one of the most common types of women cancer in the world. In Iraq, it is seventh cancer in Iraqi women. Nanomedicine emerged as a possible alternative for cancer therapy. Many nanoparticles have been tested on different cancer cell lines with promising results. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) showed interesting biocompatibility properties such as selective accumulation in tumor cells. The currentwork was aimed to study cytotoxicity and cell death induced by AuNPson ovarian cancer cells. Methods: Cytotoxicity of AuNPs was assessed by MTT viability assay. Results: AuNPs nanoparticles from 25 up to 100 µg/mL for 72 hours exerted concentration-dependent cytotoxicity. Conclusion: Gold nanoparticles induce cytotoxicity in ovarian cancer cells and Induce cell death and considered promising as cancer therapy.
Complication of Spinal Anesthesia in Caesarean Section
Authors: Neima Kazom Suhair , Majeed Kareem Sarah
Published: January 2024

Objective

            To evaluate the frequency of maternal complications during spinal anesthesia and within 48 hour post C/S .

 

Patients and Methods :-

The Study was conducted in the department of gynecology in AL-Zahra'a Teaching Hospital . The Study comprised of 300 patients who underwent caesarean section under spinal anesthesia alone or with use of assisted drugs for sedation during induction of spinal anesthesia .

Patients were followed within  48hre post – operative to see any complication which were documented .

 

Result

48.33% (n = 145) were between 17 – 25 years , 27% (n = 81) were between 26 – 30 y . Regarding mode of admission 61.33% (n = 184) booked while 38.67% (n = 116) were unbooked . parity distribution revealed 65% (n = 195) multigravida and 35% (n = 105) primigravida .

            35% (n = 105) suffered from hypotension (Intra – operatively) 15.33% (n = 46) from hypotension (post operatively) .

            Other complication occur shortly after operation include  , headache 11% (n = 33) , shiveriy 7% (n = 21) , Backache 4% (n = 12) , Bradycardia 2.33% (n = 7) and urinary retention 2% (n = 6) .

            However , 38 , 67% (n = 116) had no complication of spinal anaesthesia .

Conclusion

Spinal  anaesthesiaconveyssignificant advantages due to the simplicity of its use and rapid onset of action.
Korku İle Ümit Arasında Bülbül’den İstiklâl Marşı’na Mehmet Âkif
Authors: ÖZER HAFÇI Havva
Published: January 2024

Mehmet Âkif Ersoy’un şiirleri milletimizin Balkan Savaşları, I. Dünya Savaşı ve Millî Mücadele’de geçirmiş olduğu “safahat”ı yansıtmaktadır. Bu tarihî kronolojinin milletin hissiyâtında uyandırdığı etkiyi Mehmet Âkif Ersoy’un şiirlerinde bulmak mümkündür. Mehmet Âkif’in, devletin en çalkantılı döneminde faal olarak Millî Mücadele’ye vaazlarıyla destek verdiğini düşünürsek Safahat alternatif bir tarih kitabı gibi okunabilir. Mehmet Âkif Ersoy’un Millî Mücadele döneminde yazdığı şiirlerinde zaman zaman karamsarlık ve korku zaman zaman da ümit karşımıza çıkar. Tasavvuftaki “havf ü recâ” kavramıyla da açıklanabilecek olan bu duygu geçişi Mehmet Âkif’te duruma göre farklı şiirlerde kendini gösterir. Halkı mücadeleye teşvik etmek üzere ümitvar şiirler yazıp en zorlu dönemde İstiklâl Marşı ile bu ümidi zirveye çıkarsa da kişiliğinden gelen karamsarlık onu hemen ümitsizliğe sürükler. Burada Mehmet Âkif’in mizacının şairlikten beslenmesine de vurgu yapmak gerekir. Ancak Âkif ne kadar şair mizaçlı olsa da imanının gereği olarak yeise kapılmamaya çalışır. Karamsarlığa kapılmayı bir müslümana yakıştıramayan Mehmet Âkif, bu duygudan çabucak çıkmaya çalışır. Bülbül korkunun ve karamsarlığın, Âkif’in Safahat’a almadığı İstiklâl Marşı ise ümidin ve meydan okumanın zirveye çıktığı şiirlerdir. Bu çarpıcı örnekler yanında Mehmet Âkif’in diğer şiirlerinden de yola çıkılarak “korku” ile “ümit” arasındaki hissiyatının aydınlatılacağı bu çalışma, aynı zamanda Mehmet Âkif’i İstiklâl Marşı yazmaya sürükleyen tarihî sürece de ışık tutmaya çalışacaktır.
interacción del usuario en TikTok
Authors: López Navarrete Alberto
Published: January 2024

TikTok cuenta con características distintivas que se aprecian en las publicaciones y en la forma de interactuar de los usuarios (Ballesteros-Herencia, 2020). Este estudio evalúa el nivel de interacción del usuario con el contenido, identificando qué tipología de vídeos genera mayor engagement en TikTok. Para ello se han analizado 500 vídeos de los principales creadores de contenido a nivel global, categorizando la tipología de contenido, la intención del hablante y el engagement de cada vídeo.

Para la taxonomía de contenidos se utilizaron categorías ya validadas, a las que se añadieron tres categorías adicionales para una mejor clasificación del contenido. En cuanto al cálculo de la tasa de engagement, se calcularon los fenómenos de popularidad —me gusta—, compromiso —comentarios— y viralidad —compartido— así como la tasa de compromiso general. Esta consideración ha permitido confirmar el engagement de TikTok como una interacción ligera, donde la variable de me gusta sobredimensiona las demás interacciones y los usuarios demuestran una participación menos intensa, potenciando la interacción rápida con el contenido. Las tipologías de contenido más frecuentes son las de videoselfie, entretenimiento y lipsync, las cuales también mostraron altos niveles de engagement promedio.
La cooperación académica entre México y Estados Unidos
Authors: MORADO MACIAS CESAR
Published: January 2024

En la búsqueda de nuevas rutas para la cooperación académica entre México y los Estados Unidos, a convocatoria de la Dra. Verónica Castillo de la Universidad de California en Santa Bárbara, un grupo de colegas se dio cita en la Casa de la Universidad de California en México (Colonia Del Carmen 1, Chimalistac, Álvaro Obregón, Ciudad de México) para asistir el 21 y 22 de noviembre de 2023 al Coloquio Titulado: Rompiendo barreras. Género, Feminismo y transnacionalismo en la Revolución Mexicana, que sirve como punto de partida para poner sobre la mesa la necesidad de fortalecer el intercambio académico entre ambos países.
Relación del clima y satisfacción laboral en una dependencia gubernamental
Authors: Rosiles-Villalobos Abraham , González-Montejo Claudia , Clara-Zafra Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2024

Las instituciones públicas en México constituyen el enlace entre el estado y la sociedad, y son quienes ejecutan los acuerdos políticos, económicos y sociales; a lo largo de las últimas décadas se ha mostrado relevante interés en el estudio del comportamiento humano dentro de su entorno laboral y el efecto que tiene en el rendimiento y productividad de la organización. Esta investigación fue de tipo cuantitativo, de alcance descriptivo correlacional y corte transversal; tuvo como objetivo general establecer la relación existente entre el clima y la satisfacción laboral desde la perspectiva de los trabajadores de una empresa gubernamental de Coatzacoalcos, Veracruz Se aplicaron los instrumentos Escala de Clima Laboral (CL-SPC) y la Escala de Satisfacción Laboral (SL-SPC); al total de trabajadores en todos sus niveles organizacionales. Los resultados obtenidos indican que para la variable clima laboral destacó el factor supervisión; mientras que para la variable satisfacción laboral, relación con la autoridad fue el mejor calificado; sin embargo, la percepción general es medianamente favorable para ambos constructos y su análisis comprobó que si existe relación.
¿CONOCEN LOS JÓVENES MILLENNIALS LOS REQUERIMIENTOS PARA LA TRANSFORMACIÓN DIGITAL DE LAS ORGANIZACIONES?
Authors: González-Trejo Elí Samuel , García-González María Alejandra , Pedroza-Cantú Gloria
Published: January 2024

La mayoría de las organizaciones actualmente están sumergidas en una vertiginosa transformación digital, por lo que los jóvenes Millennials deben contar con conocimientos acerca de estas nuevas tecnologías y de cómo pueden ser aplicadas en su campo laboral. El presente estudio determina el conocimiento que los jóvenes Millennials tienen en cuanto a los requerimientos necesarios para la transformación digital de las organizaciones. Los participantes en el estudio fueron 301 jóvenes empleados del estado de Nuevo León cuyas edades oscilaron entre 20 y 25 años. Los resultados obtenidos indican que los jóvenes conocen algunas de las tecnologías aplicadas en la Industria 4.0 como lo son el Big Data, la Inteligencia Artificial, Manufactura aditiva entre otras y nos muestra además cuales son las que se utilizan en las empresas donde laboran.
Análisis de la problemática del lavado de dinero obtenido a través del huachicol con base a la Ley Federal de Hidrocarburos
Authors: Ordaz-Celedón Marco Antonio , Martínez-Mendoza María Lizbeth
Published: January 2024

La presente investigación ha tenido como objeto el estudio de la problemática del robo de gasolina (huachicoleo) en México, problemática que ha causado graves problemas económicos, fiscales y sociales al país, derivados de la insuficiencia del tratamiento de la ley para el control y erradicación tanto de este ilícito, como del lavado de dinero obtenido del huachicoleo, principalmente en el contexto de la constitución y la legislación en materia fiscal en México. El lavado de dinero obtenido a través del huachicol, es un fenómeno que tiene consecuencias negativas para el país; es un fenómeno delictivo que prosperó en México durante décadas y en el que desafortunadamente estuvieron involucrados tanto los carteles, como grupos sociales y autoridades; fenómeno que creció exponencialmente y que parecía no poder ser controlado.
Impacto de las soft skills en el servicio al cliente en el área de ventas
Authors: Escamilla-Vielma Roxana Dalila , Segovia-Romo Adriana
Published: January 2024

En el sector de la venta directa, el servicio al cliente se vuelve un diferenciador. Existe el triángulo de servicio que tiene 4 elementos, uno de ellos hace referencia a los colaboradores, especificando que, si los esfuerzos de la organización se enfocan en ellos sobre todo los de primera línea, los momentos de verdad y las experiencias para el cliente y la organización serán de mayor valor. En este estudio teórico se presentan a la hospitalidad y la comunicación efectiva como habilidades interpersonales (soft skills) en los colaboradores de venta directa y la relación positiva de estás con el servicio al cliente, enmarcadas las dos soft skills como independientes y el servicio al cliente como variable dependiente. En este documento se presentará el planteamiento del problema, el objetivo de la investigación y la teoría encontrada que sustenta la continuidad del estudio para el planteamiento mencionado.
Cadenas de valor en empresas de dulces típicos en Ciudad Nezahualcóyotl
Authors: Hernández-Leal Angélica , Velázquez-Rodríguez Elisa Bertha , Quintero-Soto María Luisa
Published: January 2024

La micro y pequeña empresa además de ser los mayores generadores de empleos en México, también son organismos vivos que luchan por su supervivencia en todo momento, ante muchos y variados problemas. Una de las estrategias de supervivencia, ha sido el trabajo colaborativo en distintas modalidades, ya sea de forma complementaria como aliados clave en cadenas de valor, o agrupaciones de todo tamaño; este documento tienecomo objetivo describir aquellas prácticas favorables para su permanencia y crecimiento a través de la comprobación de algunos supuestos teóricos orientados hacia el análisis de “cadena de valor”; con un enfoque metodológico mixto; utilizando como ejemplo, un estudio de caso donde se observa la creación de valor, con un grupo de cinco micro empresarios del mismo giro que se han apoyado de forma solidaria en lo comercial, en difíciles condiciones humanas, y financieras entre otras, con sorprendentes resultados.