bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rancang Bangun Sistem Peringatan Physical Distancing Sebagai Salah Satu Upaya Mencegah Penyebaran COVID-19
Authors: Andesfa Jovanda , Wildian Wildian
Published: March 2022

Telah dirancangÂ  suatu sistem peringatan yang dapat membantu orang menerapkan physical distancing. Sistem ini berbasis Arduino UNO R3 dengan sistem kontrol yang terdiri dari 3 sensor passive infrared receiver (PIR) dan 3 sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04. Sensor PIR memilkiki kemampuan mendeteksi radiasi inframerah pada panjang gelombangÂ  8-14 mikrometer. Manusia sebagai objek deteksi sistem memancarkan radaiasi inframerah pasif pada panjang gelombangÂ  9-10 mikrometer. Jarak 0-500 cm adalah rentang jarak kemampuan sensor PIR mendeteksi keberadaan manusia ketika sensitivity adjust diatur dalam kondisi minimum. Jarak yang diperlukan sistem mendeteksi objek adalah â‰¤ 150 cm. Jarak deteksi sensor PIR tidak dapat diatur karena sensor PIR merupakan detektor yang memilki logika digital. Sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 digunakan sebagai sakelar untuk mengaktifkan dan mematikan sensor PIR. Hasil pengujian kempuan pengukuran jarak sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 didapatkan kesalahan pengukursn sebesar 0,33 % pada rentang jarak 0-200 cm terhadap objek. Ketika sensor ultrasonik HC-SR04 mengukur jarak â‰¤ 150 cm terhadap objek, sensor PIR akan aktif. Jika sensor PIR dalam kondisi aktif dan mendeteksi manusiaÂ  sistem akan memberikan notifikasi berupa tapilan pada OLED dan suara pada handsfree melalui modul MP3 YX 5300. Notifikasi pada output sistem berupa perintah â€œgeser ke kananâ€ jika ada manusia di sebalah kiri, â€œgeser ke kiriâ€ jika ada manusia di seblah kanan, dan â€œmundurâ€ jika ada manusia di depan pengguna.Â
Identifikasi pH, TDS, Konduktivitas Listrik, Kandungan Timbal (Pb), Tembaga (Cu), dan Kadmium (Cd) pada Bak Reservoir PDAM Kota Padang Panjang
Authors: Sriwahyuni Deri , Afdal Afdal
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi nilai pH, TDS, konduktivitas listrik dan kandungan timbal (Pb), tembaga (Cu), dan kadmium (Cd) pada bak reservoir PDAM Kota Padang Panjang. Pengujian kandungan logam berat menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bak reservoir Kandang Ditabek memiliki nilai pH antara 6,7 â€“ 7,9, sedangkan pada bak reservoir Lubuak Mato Kuciang antara 6,9 â€“ 7,3. Nilai konduktivitas listrik bak Kandang Ditabek memiliki nilai tertinggi sebesar 159,1 ÂµS/cm, nilai terendah adalah 156,6 ÂµS/cm dan untuk bak Lubuk Mato Kuciang antara 120,9 â€“ 126,6 ÂµS/cm. Nilai TDS untuk kedua bak reservoir berturut-turut sebesar 596,5 â€“ 513,1 ppm dan 417,5 â€“ 499,7 ppm. Nilai konsentrasi rata-rata keseluruhan logam berat bak Kandang Ditabek logam Pb sebesar 0,120 mg/L, logam Cu sebesar 0,030 mg/L dan logam Cd sebesar 0,033 mg/L, sedangkan pada bak Lubuak Mato Kuciang logam Pb sebesar 0,045 mg/L, logam Cu sebesar 0,050 mg/L dan logam Cd sebesar 0,014 mg/L. Konsentrasi logam berat pada penelitian telah melebihi ambang batas standar baku mutu PERMEN LH No. 82 Tahun 2001 dan Peraturan MENKES RI No. 32 Tahun 2017. Nilai ambang batas yang ditetapkan untuk logam Pb sebesar 0,03 mg/L dan 0,01 mg/L, logam Cu 0,02 mg/L dan logam Cd sebesar 0,01 mg/L dan 0,003 mg/L.
Pemodelan Struktur Bawah Permukaan Menggunakan Metode Seismik Refraksi Pada Prospek Panas Bumi Nagari Aie Angek, Kabupaten Tanah Datar
Authors: Niroha Olong , Putra Ardian , Pohan Ahmad Fauzi
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan penampang seismik melalui pemodelan struktur dan kecepatan gelombang bawah permukaan Â Nagari Aie Angek menggunakan metode seismik refraksi sebagai sumber data awal dalam menentukan potensi sumber daya alam pada daerah penelitian. Hasil penelitian diperoleh berupa data kecepatan gelombang pada tiap lintasan, dimana untuk lintasan 1, diperoleh nilai v1 sebesar 1820 m/s yang diinterpretasikan sebagai material aluvial dan lempung, nilai v2 sebesarÂ  1293 m/s yang diinterpretasikan sebagai material lempung dan pasir dengan kedalaman 3,06-10,59 m. Untuk lintasan 2, diperoleh nilai v1 sebesar 1820 m/s yang diinterpretasikan sebagai material aluvial dan lempung, nilai v2 sebesarÂ  1293 m/s yang diinterpretasikan sebagai material lempung dan pasir dengan kedalaman 0.72-4,46 m. Hasil dari pemodelan bawah permukaan lintasan 1 diketahui bahwa permukaan tanah pada lapisan 1 mengalami penurunan muka tanah yang disebabkan oleh aktifitas vulkanik dan tektonik.
Penentuan Zona Intrusi Air Laut di Area Pelabuhan Perikan Samudera Bungus Menggunakan Metoda Geolistrik Tahanan Jenis Konfigurasi Wenner Dua Dimensi
Authors: Putri Yoci Darwita , Pujiastuti Dwi , Afdal Afdal
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mendeteksi intrusi air laut di area Pelabuhan Perikanan Samudera (PPS) Bungus Padang. Data yang diambil merupakan data sekunder dari Loka Riset Sumber Daya Kerentanan Pesisir Bungus BadanÂ Riset dan Sumber Daya Manusia Kelautan dan Perikanan, Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan. Data diperoleh dengan metode geolistrik tahanan jenis konfigurasi Wenner 2 dimensi. Pengukuran dilakukan pada 2 lintasan yang sejajar pantai yaitu Lintasan 1 dan 2, dan 1 lintasan tegak lurus dengan pantai yaitu Lintasan 3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketiga lintasan sudah mengalami intrusi air laut. Intrusi terjadi sejauh 85 m dari bibir pantai. Lintasan 3 telah mengalami pertambahan luas intrusi dibandingkan pada penelitian Kusumah pada tahun 2015 namun kedalaman dan jarak intrusi dari pantai yang hampir sama.Â A Research to detect seawater intrusion zone in the area of Bungus Ocean Fisheries Port (PPS), Padang has been carried out. The resistivity data taken from the Bungus Coastal Vulnerability and Resource Research Station, Marine and Fisheries Research and Human Resources Agency, Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Survey conducted using resistivity geoelectric method with 2 dimensional Wenner configuration. Measurement conducted at two lines paralel to coastal line (Line 1 and 2) and one line prependicular to coastal line (Line 3). The results show that all lines have experienced sea water intrusion. Intrusion occurs as far as 85 m from the shoreline. Line 3 has experienced an increase in areaÂ  of intrusion compared to Kusumah's study in the year of 2015 but depth and the distance from intrusion from the coast is almost the same.
Analisis Suseptibilitas Magnetik Tanah Permukaan sebagai Indikator Longsor di Bukit Karan Padang
Authors: Aulia Putri , Afdal Afdal
Published: March 2022

Penelitian mengenai analisis nilai suseptibilitas magnetik tanah permukaan daerah potensi longsor di Bukit Karan Padang telah dilakukan. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada sisi Bukit Karan yang berada di Kelurahan Rawang Kecamatan Padang Selatan dengan berjarak 10 m dari pemukiman penduduk. Sampel diambil pada empat lintasan yaitu lintasan A, B, C, dan D dengan jarak antar lintasan 20 m. Setiap lintasan terdiri dari 10 titik dengan jarak antar titik yaitu 10 m, sehingga membentuk grid yang terdiri dari 40 titik. Pengukuran suseptibilitas magnetik menggunakan MS2BÂ Bartington Susceptibility MeterÂ dengan dua frekuensi, yaitu frekuensi rendah (0,47 kHz) dan frekuensi tinggi (4,7 kHz). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keseluruhan sampel memiliki nilai suseptibilitas magnetik pada frekuensi rendah (Ï‡LF) berkisar antara 120,2Ã—10-8Â m3/kg dan 458,5Ã—10-8m3/kg dengan rata-rata 208,2x10-8m3/kg. Dari hasil tersebut diperkirakan bahwa mineral magnetik yang terkandung dalam sampel bersifat Paramagnetik dan Ferimagnetik dan jenisÂ  mineralnya diperkirakan mineral Hematit (Fe2O3). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 87,5% sampel memiliki nilai Ï‡FDÂ (%) antara 2,00% - 10,0%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa lokasi penelitian memiliki kandungan bulir superparamagnetik yang tinggi sehingga sampel-sampel tersebut bersifat halus dan mudah untuk menyerap air sehingga potensi longsor pada daerah tersebut cukup tinggi.Â Research on the analysis of the magnetic susceptibility value of surface soil in landslide potential areas in Bukit Karan Padang has been done. Soil samples were collected from the hillside in Rawang Village South Padang 10 m away from the residential area. Samples were taken on four paths, namely lines A, B, C, dan D, with a distance between the path is 20 m. Each path consists of 10 points with a distance between the point is 10 m. Magnetic susceptibility measured using Bartington Susceptibility Meter MS2B with two frequencies, namely low frequency (0.47 kHz) dan high frequency (4.7 kHz). The results show that all samples have the value of low frequency magnetic susceptibility (Ï‡LF) ranged from 120.2Ã—10-8Â m3/kgand 458.5Ã—10-8m3/kg and average of 208.2x10-8m3/kg. From these results it is estimated that the magnetic minerals contained in the sample are Paramagnetic and Ferimagnetic and the mineral type is estimated to be the Hematite (Fe2O3). The result showed that 87.5% samples have a value of Ï‡FDÂ (%) between 2.00% - 10.0%. The result indicates that the research location has a high Superparamagnetic grain content so that the samples are fine and easy to absorb water so have enough potential for landslides.
Karakterisasi Sifat Mekanik Film PVA Berserat Selulosa Kulit Buah Pinang (Areca Catechu L) yang Mengalami Perlakuan NaOH
Authors: Karmuliani Hanifah , Mahyudin Alimin
Published: March 2022

Penelitian telah dilakukan mengenai karakterisasi sifat mekanik film PVA berserat selulosa kulit buah pinang yang mengalami perlakuan NaOH. Serat pinang diberi perlakuan NaOH 2,5%, 5%, 7,5% dan 10% kemudian serat direndam selama 4 jam. Tahap penelitian ini adalah penghalusan serat, perendaman serat, ekstraksi selulosa, pemutihan serat, proses sonikasi, dan pembentukan film bioplastik dengan pencampuran antara selulosa dengan matrik film polyvinil alcohol (PVA). Untuk mengetahui karakteristik sifat mekanik menggunakan alat uji tarik. Nilai optimum kekuatan tarik diperoleh pada variasi konsentrasi NaOH 5 % yaitu sebesar 1,27 MPa, nilai regangan tertinggi pada konsentrasi NaOH 10 % yaitu 0,077 dan modulus elastisitas tertinggi pada NaOH 5 % yaitu sebesar 17,39 MPa. Nilai absorbansi tertinggi di peroleh pada konsentrasi NaOH 2,5 % yaitu sebesar 2,897. Penelitian ini memiliki prospek untuk mengembangkan bahan alam untuk pembuatan material maju berupa film bioplastik seperti kaca ITO, dan anti gores handphone.Â Research has been carried out on the characterization of of PVA fibrous celluloseâ€™s mechanical properties, betel nut skin, which has NaOH treatment. Areca nut is treated with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% then the fiber is soaked for 4 hours. The stages of this research are fiber refinement, fiber immersion, cellulose extraction, fiber bleaching, sonication process, and the formation of bioplastic films by mixing cellulose with a polyvinyl alcohol film matrix. To determine the characterization of mechanical properties using a tensile test tool. The optimal value of tensile strength occurs at 5% NaOH concentration variation of 1.27 MPa. The highest strain value at 10% NaOH concentration is 0.077, and the highest modulus of elasticity at 5% NaOH is 17.39 MPa. The highest absorbance value was obtained at a 2.5% NaOH concentration of 2.897. This research has the prospect of developing other materials for the manufacture of advanced materials in the form of bioplastic films such as ITO glass and mobile phone scratch resistance.
Identifikasi Pencemaran Air Sungai Batanghari Di Kecamatan Sitiung Kabupaten Dharmasraya Berdasarkan Tinjauan Fisik dan Kimia
Authors: Rani Dwi , Afdal Afdal
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat pencemaran air sungai Batanghari di Sitiung Dharmasraya berdasarkan derajat keasaman (pH) temperatur, konduktivitas listrik, total padatan terlarut (TDS), dan kandungan logam berat Hg (Merkuri) dan Pb (Timbal). Pengambilan sampel dilakukanÂ  sebanyak enam titik di sepanjang aliran sungai segmen Sitiung. Semua parameter diukur langsung di lapangan, kecuali kandungan logam berat. Pengukuran kandungan logam berat Hg dan Pb dilakukan menggunakan Atomic Absorbtion Spectroscopy. Analisis tingkat pencemaran menggunakan metode Indeks Pencemaran air (IP). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai rata-rata pH total air sungai segmen Sitiung adalah 8,73 dan telah melebihi ambang batas baku mutu. Secara keseluruhan temperatur air di sungai Batanghari pada segmen ini tidak melebihi ambang batas baku mutu. Nilai konduktivitas listrik sampel air berkisar antara 34,3 dan 62,7 Î¼S/cm dengan rata-rata total yaitu 56,63 Î¼S/cm. Nilai TDS rata-rata adalah 29,7 ppm yang termasuk ke golongan fresh water. Nilai tertinggi kandungan Pb dalam sampel adalah 0,0034 mg/l dan Hg sebesar 0,0024 mg/l yang telah berada di atas nilai ambang batas baku mutu sebesar 0,001 mg/l. Berdasarkan nilai Indeks Pencemaran air (IP), DAS Batanghari di Sitiung dikategorikan tercemar ringan dengan nilai IP rata-rata sebesar 1,193.Â This study aims to determine the level of water pollution in the Batanghari Sitiung Dharmasraya river based on the degree of acidity (pH), temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and the content of heavy metals Hg (Mercury) and Pb (Lead). Sampling was carried out at six points along the Sitiung segment river flow. All parameters are measured directly in the field, except for heavy metal content. Measurement of heavy metal content Hg and Pb was done using Atomic Absorbtion Spectroscopy. Pollution level analysis uses the Water Pollution Index (IP) method. The results showed that the average pH value is 8.73 and exceed the quality standard threshold. Overall water temperature does not exceed the quality standard threshold. Electrical conductivity values of water samples ranged from 34.3 and 62.7 Î¼S/cm with average of 56.63 Î¼S/cm. The average TDS value is 29.7 ppm which belongs to the fresh water group. The highest value of Pb content in the sample is 0.0034 mg/l and Hg is 0.0024 mg/l which is above the quality standard threshold value of 0.001 mg/l. Based on the value of water pollution index (IP), the Batanghari river in Sitiung is categorized as mildly polluted with an average IP value of 1.193.
Evaluasi Penerapan Proteksi Radiasi pada Pekerja Radiasi di Instalasi Radiologi RS Naili DBS, RS Selaguri, dan RS UNAND
Authors: Syahda Aprizka Smartalova , Milvita Dian , Prasetio Heru
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang penerapan proteksi radiasi pada pekerja radiasi di Instalasi Radiologi RS Naili DBS, RS Selaguri dan RS UNAND.Â  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dosis radiasi perorangan yang diterima pekerja radiasi, mengestimasi efek yang diterima pekerja radiasi serta mengevaluasi penerapan prinsip proteksi radiasi bagi pekerja radiasi.Â  Pada penelitian digunakan data sekunder untuk dosis radiasi perorangan pekerja radiasi dan data primer untuk laju paparan radiasi di instalasi radiologi menggunakan surveymeter fluke dengan tegangan pesawat sinar-X 80 kV.Â  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis radiasi perorangan yang diterima pekerja radiasi pada ketiga rumah sakit dalam waktu 3 bulan di bawah Nilai Batas Dosis (NBD) yaitu (0-0,46) mSv dengan acuan NBD berdasarkan Perka BAPETEN No. 4 Tahun 2013 yaitu 20 mSv dalam satu tahun.Â  Efek radiasi yang diterima pekerja radiasi diperkirakan efek stokastik karena dosis radiasi perorangan yang diterima pekerja radiasi rendah.Â  Penerapan proteksi radiasi terkait waktu, jarak, dan penggunaan perisai radiasi ruang memenuhi standar BAPETEN No. 4 Tahun 2013, akan tetapi penggunaan APD sebagai perisai diri belum mengikuti standar.Â A research on the application of protection from radiation has been done in the radiology installation at Naili DBS Hospital, Selaguri Hospital, and University of Andalas Hospital.Â  This study aims to evaluate the radiation dose received by radiation workers, to estimate the effect of the radiation to the radiation workers and to evaluate the principal application of radiation protection to radiation workers. The research uses primary data for the radiation exposure rate in radiology installation by using survey meter fluke with 80 kV of X-ray energy and secondary data for the radiation dose for each individual. The result shows that the radiation dose received by the radiation workers on the aforementioned hospitals are below the Dose Limits (NBD) based on Perka BAPETEN No. 4 of 2013, which is (0â€“0.46) mSv for 3 months compared to 20 mSv for year which is the maximum amount allowed. The radiation effect sustained by the radiation workers is projected to be stochastic, due to the low rate of radiation dose rate. The application of radiation protection related to time, distance and the usage of a radiation shield meets the required standard of BAPETEN, but the usage of personal protective equipment as a self-defence mechanism has not met the required standard yet.
Pemetaan Zona Potensi Emas Menggunakan Metode Geomagnet di Jorong Lubuak Sariak, Nagari Kajai, Pasaman Barat
Authors: Arifya Eldiani , Afdal Afdal
Published: March 2022

Penelitian untuk menentukan zona sebaran emas di Jorong Lubuak Sariak, Nagari Kajai, Kabupaten Pasaman Barat, Sumatra Barat telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode magnetik pada daerah seluas 700 m2 dengan 70 titik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan emas berasosiasi dengan pirhotit dengan nilai suseptibilitas 0,00046-1,4 SI, pirit dengan suseptibilitas 0,000035-0,005 SI dan siderit dengan suseptibilitas magnetik 0,0013 â€“ 0,011 SI yang merupakan mineral sulfida magnetik yang terdapat dalam batuan metamorf dan sedimen. Selain itu mineral emas juga beasosiasi dengan batuan beku intrusi yaitu porfiri dengan nilai suseptibilitasnya 0,00025-0,21 SI. Di lokasi penelitian diduga emas berasosiasi dengan mineral pembawa emas terletak pada kedalaman 0 m sampai dengan 84 meter di bawah permukaan.Â The reasearch about mapping of gold potential zones in Jorong Lubuak Sariak, Nagari Kajai, Pasaman Barat has been conducted. This reasearch used magnetic method in area 700 m2 with 70 points. Results show that golds are associated with pyrrhotites with magnetic susceptibility value 0.00046 â€“ 1.4 SI, pyrite with magnetic susceptibility value of 0.000035 â€“ 0.005 SI, siderite with magnetic susceptibility of 0.0013 â€“ 0.011 SI which is a magnetic sulfide mineral found inmetamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Gold minerals are also associated with igneous rock (intrusion) that is porphyry with magnetic susceptibility value of 0.00025 â€“ 0.21 SI. Gold carrier minerals located at 0 â€“ 84 m depth
Rancang Bangun Detektor Sinyal Radio Frequency Smartphone dengan Frekuensi Operator GSM1800
Authors: Putri Rahmi Riya , Wildian Wildian
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan rancang bangun detektor sederhana yang mengubah energi gelombang radio (radio frequency) dari sinyal smartphone menjadi energi listrik. Rancangan detektor sinyal radio frequency terdiri dari rangkaian LC, IC LM386 dan Arduino Uno. Smartphone yang dihidupkan akan memancarkan gelombang radio yang akan melewati antena. Gelombang radio akan menginduksi tegangan ke antena dan akan mengubahnya menjadi energi lisrik. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno yang mengontrol LED dan buzzer sebagai indikator peringatan terdeteksinya sinyal radio frequency. Detektor dapat menangkap sinyal radio frequency dari smartphone pada jarak maksimal 3,5 cm tanpa harus dilakukan panggilan atau pengiriman teks dan dapat mendeteksi sinyal frekuensi elektromagnetik (30 MHz â€“ 300 MHz) pada jarak maksimal 35 cm.Â A simple detector design has been done which converts radio wave energy from radio signals to electrical energy. The design of the radio frequency signal detector consists of a series of LC, IC LM386 and arduino uno. The smartphone that is turned on will emit radio waves that will pass through the antenna. Radio waves will induce a voltage to the antenna and will convert it into electrical energy. Data processing is performed using the arduino uno microcontroller which controls LED and buzzer as a warning indicator when radio frequency detected. The detector can capture radio frequency signals from a smartphone at a maximum distance of 3.5 cm without having to make calls or send texts and can capture electromagnetic frequency (30 MHz â€“ 300 MHz) signals at maximum distance of 35 cm.
Analisis Tc-99m Sestamibi Pada Perempuan Kanker Payudara Menggunakan Teknik Region of Interest (ROI) di Laboratorium In-vivo PTKMR-BATAN
Authors: Halimatussyakdiah Ajirma , Milvita Dian , Nazir Fadil
Published: March 2022

Telah dilakukan pengambilan data sekunder 15 orang volunteer perempuan kanker payudara untuk menganalisis radiofarmaka Tc-99m Sestamibi yang diinjeksikan ke dalam tubuh. Alat yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah kamera gamma. Hasil citra pasien diolah menggunakan teknik ROI. Hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa biodistribusi radiofarmaka Tc-99m Sestamibi pada tubuh bagian anterior dan posteriorÂ  menyebar di daerah bagian perut dengan rentang nilai 150663,496 â€“ 238402,782 cacahan dan di daerah bagian kepala dengan rentang nilai 28331,023 - 42080,541 cacahan. Akumulasi radiofarmaka yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa pada bagian anterior nilainya lebih tinggi dibandingkan posterior. Hubungan yang terbentuk antara dosis injeksi dengan akumulasi radiofarmaka di dalam tubuh volunteer adalah rendah dan tidak signifikan.Â Secondary data were collected from 15 female breast cancer volunteers to analyze the radiopharmaceutical of Tc-99m Sestamibi was injected into the body. The instrument used in this research is a gamma camera. The result obtained show that radiopharmacy distribution of Tc-99m Sestamibi on the anterior and posterior body is spread in the abdominal area with a value range of 150663.496 â€“ 238402.782 counts andÂ Â  the area of the head with value range of 28331.023 â€“ 42080.541 counts. The accumulation of radiopharmacy indicated that the anterior value was higher than the posterior. The relationship between injection dose and accumulation of radiopharmacy was low and insignificant.
Comparación de prototipos innovadores para el secado de cacao nativo fino de aroma (Theobroma cacao L.) y su posibilidad de adopción
Authors: Bardales Joseph , Barrena Gurbillón Miguel Angel , Oliva-Cruz Manuel
Published: March 2022

El cacao nativo fino de aroma tiene mayor demanda por sus propiedades organolépticas y fisicoquímicas que aseguran su calidad. El presente estudio realizó la comparación de prototipos innovadores para el secado de Theobroma cacao L, mediante secadores solares por convección forzada, convección natural y tipo túnel en la Cooperativa APROCAM, ubicada en la provincia de Bagua, Amazonas, Perú. Se determinó la cinética de secado, características fisicoquímicas y organolépticas del cacao beneficiado en los tres tipos de secadores, utilizando 8 kg de producto fermentado con una humedad del 55% en cada secador con tres repeticiones. El análisis de datos se realizó en software SPSS 20.0 para obtener la cinética de secado. Para los análisis fisicoquímicos y organolépticos se utilizó un DCA y DBCA, respectivamente, y el software Statistix 8. Los resultados experimentales indican que el secador por convección natural necesitó un tiempo de 19 horas para alcanzar la humedad de equilibrio y/o comercial entre 7 y 8 %, es decir tres y cinco horas menos comparado con el secador por convección forzada y tipo túnel, respectivamente. La cinética de secado, en los secadores, está representada por ecuaciones lineales y logarítmicas. El análisis fisicoquímico se encontró dentro de los rangos establecidos en otros estudios; el porcentaje de grasa con valores entre 36 y 42% y proteína de 10 a 15% mostrando diferencias significativas por tratamiento; sin embargo, el secador forzado mostró mejores resultados. El análisis organoléptico de aroma y sabor arrojó niveles de aceptable a bueno, en los tres tratamientos.
Assistência multiprofissional em saúde frente a prevenção da enterocolite necrosante em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal
Authors: Caxias Adriana Modesto , Oliveira Danielle Serrão de , Paiva Lizelma da Silva , Pimentel Hallessa de Fátima da Silva , Freitas Marina Cristina da Silva , Queiroz Rosangela de Jesus Nunes , Silva Kátia Silene Oliveira e , Oliveira Thayana Pereira de , Oliveira Thayná Gabriele Pinto , Rodrigues Gilcynara Maria Moura
Published: March 2022

Objetivo: Evidenciar na literatura estudos disponíveis acerca da assistência multiprofissional frente a prevenção da Enterocolite Necrosante (ECN) em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal (UTIN). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, de caráter qualitativo, do tipo revisão integrativa de literatura. Foram estabelecidos os seguintes critérios inclusão: artigos publicados entre os anos de 2009 a 2019, disponíveis na biblioteca eletrônica de dados SCIELO e nas bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS, BDENF e BVS. Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que o perfil de crianças acometidas pela ECN são predominantemente de Recém-Nascido Pré-Termos (RNPT) relacionados ao peso. Os fatores de risco encontrados com maior frequência na literatura referem-se a: prematuridade, baixo peso, hipóxia neonatal, dieta, assistência prestada na UTIN, antibioticoterapia, transfusão sanguínea, fatores perinatais e outros. Foi evidenciado na pesquisa que as medidas preventivas referentes a ECN são: aleitamento materno exclusivo, assistência de qualidade, prevenção de hipóxia, e outros. Destaca-se que o profissional de enfermagem atua de forma mais direta no cuidado ao Recém-Nascido (RN) em UTIN. Considerações finais: Várias ações realizadas pela equipe multiprofissional podem diminuir consideravelmente os riscos relacionados à ECN, as quais podem incidir numa menor taxa de desenvolvimento da doença.
Peripartum hemorrhage: Two cases of ruptured ovarian artery aneurysms with additional multifocal intact aneurysms
Authors: Arleo Timothy L , Peters Gail L , Kokabi Nima , Majdalany Bill S
Published: March 2022

We report two cases of peripartum ruptured ovarian artery aneurysms (OAA). One patient was treated through endovascular embolization and the other with percutaneous thrombin injection. Multiple additional unruptured OAAs were incidentally discovered in each patient. We describe the pathophysiologic basis for OAA rupture, approaches to treatment, and suggest management strategies for incidentally discovered ovarian aneurysms.
SOIL-ECOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF LEGAL MECHANISMS FOR THE SEIZURE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND
Authors: Огородников С.С.
Published: March 2022

В статье рассматривается правовой механизм изъятия земель сельскохозяйственного назначения. Установлено, что существующие подходы не учитывают ряд экологических факторов, и требуют доработки. Действующий перечень необходимо дополнить критериями, более подробно характеризующими состояние почв. При оценке неиспользования земель следует шире применять методы дистанционного мониторинга. Также на законодательном уровне следует предусмотреть мероприятия по сбору и систематизации данных прошлых почвенных и агрохимических обследований, которые послужат исходными показателями для сравнительной оценки.

The article deals with the legal mechanism of seizure of agricultural land. It is established that the existing approaches do not take into account a number of environmental factors, and require further development. The current list should be supplemented with criteria that characterize the state of the soil in more detail. Remote monitoring methods should be used to assess nonuse of land. Also on the legislative level should provide activities for collection and systematization of historical data of soil and agrochemical survey, which will serve as baselines for comparative evaluation.
THE METHOD INDEXES IN THE EVALUATION OF PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT OF BOYS 8–12 YEARS DURING THE OCCUPATION GRECO-ROMAN WRESTLING
Authors: Колунин Е.Т. , Прокопьев Н.Я. , Ананьев В.Н. , Речапов Д.С. , Гуртовой Е.С. , Ананьева О.В.
Published: March 2022

В работе изучена возрастная динамика значений индексов физического развития у мальчиков периода второго детства г. Тюмени при занятии грекоримской борьбой. Показано, что по мере увеличения паспортного возраста мальчиков базовые показатели физического развития достоверно улучшались.

The authors studied age changes in values of indices of physical development in boys the period of the second childhood of the city of Tyumen when GrecoRoman wrestling. It is shown that as the passport age of boys increases, the basic indicators of physical development signifi cantly improved.
Mechanistic study of the mechanochemical PdII-catalyzed bromination of aromatic C–H bonds by experimental and computational methods
Authors: Barišić Dajana , Halasz Ivan , Bjelopetrović Alen , Babić Darko , Ćurić Manda
Published: March 2022

An environmentally friendly approach was applied to the palladium-catalyzed halogenation of aromatic C–H bonds by N-halosuccinimide. Neat grinding and liquid-assisted grinding of the Pd(OAc)2 precatalyst in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid in a ball mill led to the in situ formation of active palladium species that catalyzed the halogenation of azobenzene. Detailed insight into the mechanism of this process was obtained by in situ Raman monitoring, which revealed the nature of the catalytically active PdII species and intermediates and confirmed the crucial role of p-toluenesulfonic acid and acetonitrile as additives in the catalytic halogenation of azobenzene. By quantum-chemical (DFT) modelling of bromination of cyclopalladated azobenzene three reaction mechanisms were characterized: oxidative addition followed by reductive elimination, with neutral or protonated N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), and electrophilic cleavage with neutral NBS. All three mechanisms seem to be operative, with relative participation depending on the reaction conditions. Two mechanistic features were recognized in the oxidative addition of bromine to palladium atom: the biradical singlet character in the transition state realized with neutral NBS as the active species, and the barrierless migration of Br+ with protonated NBS.
A Brief Review of Density Functional Theory and Solvation Model
Authors: Kushwaha Anoop Kumar
Published: March 2022

In recent years, the applications of first-principles density functional theory (DFT) is diversified and expanded in a wide range due to the development of robust algorithms and more powerful computer systems. In general, DFT is used in condensed matter physics, chemistry, material science and biology to predict and interpret the behaviour of complex-system at atomic-scale. Specifically, DFT is widely applied to study the effect of dopants on phase transformation, magnetic and electronic behaviour, spin and charge transport properties, etc. in material science/condensed matter physics; geometrical and electronic structure, dynamics, spectral hyperfine-interaction, excited-state, etc. in chemistry; interactive behaviour, bond formation and breaking, stabilization, etc. in the biological system. Furthermore, the solvation models are used to include a solvent for the accuracy and realistic approach. To study the physical/chemical and biological system with DFT embedded tools such as Gaussian, Vienna Ab initio software package (VASP), Quantum espresso etc., require a basic theoretical understanding of DFT. Therefore, I have summarised DFT including basis set and solvation models for easy understanding in a short time.
Chronic heart failure: evolution of etiology, prevalence and mortality over the past 20 years
Authors: Boytsov Sergey A.
Published: March 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of changes in the role of causal and comorbid risk factors for two main types of heart failure with reduced and preserved ejection fraction over the previous 20 years. Within the same time interval, the dynamics of the prevalence and mortality for these clinical variants. Special attention is paid to a possible solution to the issue of the complexity of recording cases of diagnosis and treatment of chronic heart failure in outpatient and hospital practice.
Multicenter study of gastroesophageal reflux disease symptoms prevalence in outpatients in Russia
Authors: Bordin Dmitry S. , Abdulkhakov Rustam А. , Osipenko Marina F. , Solovyeva Alla V. , Abdulkhakov Sayar R. , Kirilenko Nikolay P. , Butov Mikhail A. , Berezina Olga I. , Valitova Elen R. , Safina Dilyara D. , Alieva Ilmira M. , Livzan Maria A. , Sarsenbaeva Aiman S. , Tarasova Galina N. , Embutnieks Yulia V. , Mubarakshina Indira R. , Khayrullin Ilshat Kh. , Kononova Alla G. , Kolbasnikov Sergey V. , Maev Igor V.
Published: March 2022

Background. Recently, there has been an increase in the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in Northern Europe, North America and East Asia. However data on GERD prevalence in Russian population are very limited.
Aim. To determine the prevalence of GERD among the population of Russia, the clinical spectrum of GERD symptoms, the main drugs used for GERD treatment, and the rate of their administration.
Materials and methods. The study was conducted from November 2015 to January 2017 in 8 cities of Russia. A survey of patients over the age of 18 years old visiting outpatient medical institutions for any reason, including patients without gastrointestinal complaints was carried out using a short version of the Mayo Clinic questionnaire.
Results. In total, 6132 questionnaires of patients aged 1890 years were analyzed [2456 men (40.1%) and 3676 women (59.9%), mean age 46.615.4 years]. The GERD prevalence among the interviewed patients was 34.2%. The incidence of GERD increased depending on body mass index and the age of the patients. Medications used by the patients for heartburn relief included proton pump inhibitors 59.96%, antacids 67.92%, H2-histamine receptor blockers 11.42%, alginates 18.41% of patients.
Conclusion. The results of this study indicate a high prevalence of GERD among residents of Russian cities applying for primary health care (34.2%). In comparison with previous studies, an increase in the proportion of GERD patients taking proton pump inhibitors was noted; in most cases the regimen of their intake was in accordance with the recommendations.
Primary hyperaldosteronism: indications for screening
Authors: Chikhladze Novella M.
Published: March 2022

The review discusses the current state of the problem of screening patients for early detection of primary hyperaldosteronism (PHA) as a potential cause of arterial hypertension (AH). The features of screening, methodological errors that make it difficult to interpret the results of the study are considered. The screening criteria are analyzed, based on which it is possible to assess the probability of diagnosis of PHA and judge its prevalence in various populations of patients with AH categories of high risk for the development of PHA. Attention is drawn to the low level of screening in patients with AH in order to detect PHA , and to the need for wider familiarization of doctors with the methods of screening and diagnosis of PHA as the cause of uncontrolled AH. The importance of timely diagnosis of PHA and its targeted treatment to reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications associated with hypersecretion of aldosterone is emphasized.
Headaches in general medical practice
Authors: Tabeeva Gyuzyal R.
Published: March 2022

The bulk of patients with primary headaches HA (cephalalgias) are observed in primary care. The optimal diagnostic algorithm implies the exclusion of potentially dangerous causes of HA and secondary cephalalgias requiring specific treatment. Verification of the form of primary HA is carried out clinically, does not require additional diagnostic methods and is based on the use of the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders. Among all cephalalgias in general clinical practice, the vast majority of cases are represented by four forms: migraine, tension type headache, cluster headache, and medication overuse headache. The complex application of modern methods of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment with the use of preventive strategies ensures high efficiency in the management of patients with HA.
The incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications in patients with uncontrolled hypertension
Authors: Denisova Anastasiya R. , Solntseva Tatyana D. , Zarmanbetova Aihanum S. , Tkacheva Alina A. , Sivakova Olga A. , Chazova Irina Е.
Published: March 2022

Aim. To assess the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events in patients with controlled and uncontrolled hypertension, controlled resistant and uncontrolled resistant hypertension, refractory hypertension, and probably resistant and probably refractory hypertension.
Materials and methods. A telephone call was made to 256 patients with hypertension included in the database to assess the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. All responding patients were divided into 7 groups according to the classification of hypertension based on the achievement/non-achievement of target blood pressure values and the number of drugs taken (controlled and uncontrolled hypertension, controlled resistant and uncontrolled resistant hypertension, refractory hypertension, and probably resistant and probably refractory hypertension). The target blood pressure was considered to be less than 140/90 mm Hg. Patients not adhering to medication were not included in the analysis.
Results. The group of controlled hypertension included 146 (57%) patients out of 256, controlled resistant hypertension 36 (14%) patients, uncontrolled hypertension 6 (2.3%) patients, resistant uncontrolled hypertension 22 (8.6%) patients, refractory hypertension 31 (12.1%) patients. The group of probably resistant hypertension 6 (2.3%) patients, probably refractory hypertension 9 (3.5%) patients. Of the 28 events that occurred, 6 were attributed to coronary artery disease (including 3 acute myocardial infarction and 2 coronary artery stenting), 3 strokes, 6 episodes of transient ischemic attack and 10 new cases of atrial fibrillation, and 2 patients had sudden cardiac death. Significantly more often, patients with refractory hypertension developed any event compared with patients with controlled (38.7% versus 3.4%; p=0.005) and resistant hypertension (38.7% versus 13.6%; p=0.04). Also, patients from the group of probably refractory hypertension were more likely to develop events than patients with controlled hypertension (33.3% versus 3.4%; p=0.045). Patients with probably refractory hypertension significantly more often had a stroke than patients with controlled hypertension (22.2% versus 0%; p0.05), and patients with refractory hypertension significantly more often had a transient ischemic attack compared with patients from the group of controlled hypertension (12.9% versus 0.7%; p=0.03).
Conclusion. Patients with refractory and probably refractory hypertension are significantly more likely to develop cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications than patients with controlled hypertension.
On Endomorphisms of the Additive Monoid of Subnets of a Two-layer Neural Network
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Litavrin Andrey
Published: March 2022

Previously, for each multilayer neural network of direct signal propagation (hereinafter, simply a neural network), finite commutative groupoids were introduced, which were called additive subnet groupoids. These groupoids are closely related to the subnets of the neural network over which they are built. A grupoid is a monoid if and only if it is built over a two-layer neural network. Earlier, endomorphisms and their properties were studied for these groupoids. Some endomorphisms were constructed, but an exhaustive element-by-element description was not received. It was shown that every finite monoid is isomorphic to some submonoid of the monoid of all endomorphisms of a suitable additive subnet groupoid for some suitable neural network. In this paper, we study endomorphisms of additive groupoids of subnets of twolayer neural networks. The main result of the work is an element-wise description of the monoid of all endomorphisms of additive monoids of subnets built over a two-layer neural network. The item-by-item description is obtained by constructing a general form of endomorphism. The general view of an endomorphism is parameterized by the endomorphisms of suitable booleans with respect to the union operation. Therefore, endomorphisms of these Booleans were studied in this work. In particular, the semirings of endomorphisms of these Booleans with respect to the union were studied. In addition, to describe the general form of the endomorphism of the additive monoid of subnets, homomorphisms of one Boalean into another (with respect to union) were used.
Displacement Field Construction Based on a Discrete Model in Image Processing Problems
Authors:   Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Kotina Elena , Leonova Ekaterina ,   Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Ploskikh Viktor ,   Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg
Published: March 2022

The problem of a displacement field calculation for an image sequence based on a discrete model is being solved. Algorithms for velocity field (displacement field) construction are in demand in various image processing tasks. These methods are used in motion detection, object movement tracking, analysis of complex images, movement correction of medical diagnostic images in nuclear medicine, radiology, etc. An optimization approach to the displacement field construction based on a discrete model is developed in the paper. The approach explores the possibility of taking into account the brightness change along the trajectories of the system. A linear model is considered. Directed optimization methods based on the analytical representation of the functional gradient are constructed to search for unknown parameters. The algorithm for displacement field construction with image partitioning into regions (neighborhoods) is proposed. This algorithm can be used to process a variety of image sequences. The results of the algorithm operation on test radionuclide images are presented.
Discrete-Continuous Systems with Parameters: Method for Improving Control and Parameters
Authors:   Program Systems Institute of RAS, Rasina Irina ,   Federal Research Center ”Computer Science and Control” of RAS, Guseva Irina ,   Banzarov Buryat State University
Published: March 2022

The paper presents one of the classes of controlled systems capable of changing their structure over time. The general name for such systems is hybrid. In the article it is discusses the so-called discrete-continuous systems containing parameters. It is a two-level hierarchical model. The upper level of this model is represented by a discrete system. At the lower level continuous controlled systems operate in turn. All these systems contain parameters and are linked by the functional. In recent decades hybrid systems have been the subject of active research both of the systems themselves and of a wide range of problems for them, using various methods that reflect the views of scientific schools and directions. At the same time the most diverse mathematical apparatus is presented in the research. In this case a generalization of Krotov’s sufficient optimality conditions is used. Their advantage is the possibility of preserving the classical assumptions about the properties of objects that appear in the formulation of the optimal control problem. For the optimal control problem considered in this paper for discrete-continuous systems with parameters an analogue of Krotov’s sufficient optimality conditions is proposed. Two theorems are formulated. On their base an easy-to-implement algorithm for improving control and parameters is built. A theorem on its functional convergence is given. This algorithm contains a vector system of linear equations for conjugate variables, which always has a solution. It is guarantees a solution to the original problem. The algorithm is tested on an illustrative example. Calculations and graphs are presented.
Investigation of the Amplitude-Frequency Response of a Dam-Type Viscoelastic Body With Steady-State Forced Harmonic Vibrations
Authors:   National University of Uzbekistan, Gaynazarov Sultan , Polatov Askhad ,   National University of Uzbekistan, Ikramov Akhmat ,   National University of Uzbekistan, Pulatov Sukhbatulla ,   National University of Uzbekistan
Published: March 2022

The article discusses the amplitude-frequency response of a viscoelastic body of the dam type, under steady-state forced harmonic vibrations. An important factor is the determination of the number of frequencies and resonance peaks that arise in the process of harmonic effect of the water body on the dam. The use of the finite element method (FEM) for the numerical solution of dynamic problems allows, by expanding the solution in terms of eigenmodes and frequencies, to reduce the original problem to a system of separated linear integro-differential equations with respect to the sought parameters of generalized functions. The process of the influence of viscoelastic properties of the dam material on the resonance curves that arise under harmonic loads of different frequencies at different dimensions of the foot of the dam is investigated. The analysis of the curves of the amplitude-frequency responses of a dam-type viscoelastic body, under steady-state forced harmonic oscillations, showed that the occurrence of resonance peaks depends on the viscoelastic properties of the dam body and the dimensions of the foot of the dam. The main resonance peaks occur at frequencies less than the sixth eigenfrequency, as a result of which a further increase in the number of eigenmodes in the expansion does not introduce any significant changes in the amplitude of the distribution of resonance curves of the amplitude-frequency response of the dam.
Polynomial Spline Collocation Method for Solving Weakly Regular Volterra Integral Equations of the First Kind
Authors:   Penza State University, Tynda Aleksandr , Noeiaghdam Samad ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University,   South Ural State University, Sidorov Denis ,   South Ural State University,   Energy Systems Institute SB RAS,   Irkutsk State University
Published: March 2022

The polynomial spline collocation method is proposed for solution of Volterra integral equations of the first kind with special piecewise continuous kernels. The Gausstype quadrature formula is used to approximate integrals during the discretization of the proposed projection method. The estimate of accuracy of approximate solution is obtained. Stochastic arithmetics is also used based on the Controle et Estimation Stochastique des Arrondis de Calculs (CESTAC) method and the Control of Accuracy and Debugging for Numerical Applications (CADNA) library. Applying this approach it is possible to find optimal parameters of the projective method. The numerical examples are included to illustrate the efficiency of proposed novel collocation method.