bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SUSCEPTIBILITY TO THE YELLOW DWARF VIRUS OF BARLEY VARIETIES GROWN IN MANITOBA, AND ASSESSMENT OF AFRICAN VARIETIES FOR TOLERANCE
Authors: Gill C. C. , Buchannon K. W. , Westdal P. H.
Published: March 2010

Four six-rowed varieties of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), Husky, Jubilee, Keystone and Montcalm, and one two-rowed variety (H. distichum L.), Herta, grown commercially in Canada, were moderately to highly susceptible to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) when tested in the greenhouse. Controlled inoculation with BYDV in the field resulted in seed weight losses of 79 and 67%, respectively, on two other six-rowed varieties, Parkland and Conquest. Three of 14 African barley varieties that previously had been found resistant to net blotch caused by Pyrenophora teres Drechs. were highly tolerant to BYDV when tested in a growth cabinet. When the most tolerant (C.I. 5791), the most susceptible (C.I. 9584), and one of intermediate susceptibility (C.I. 5810) of these African varieties were subsequently tested to the same virus isolate in the field, they rated in the same order of susceptibility as in the growth cabinet. Symptom ratings were not indicative of the effect of the virus on seed yield; hence, the varietal reactions were based on yield reduction.
EFFECT OF GROWTH STAGE AT HARVEST ON THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF A GRAIN CORN GROWN FOR SILAGE
Authors: Davis W. E. P. , Bowden D. M.
Published: March 2010

The yield and nutritive value of whole plant, stalk, leaf, husk, and ear were studied for the corn hybrid Pioneer 383 at 8 weekly intervals following silking in 1966 and 1967. Percentage dry matter (DM) increased with maturity. Stalk percentage DM averaged 17.4% at the glazed stage, compared with 28.9% for the whole plant. Kernel percentage DM was 60% at the glazed stage for both years, with a ± 2% within-plot variation. The whole-plant yield of DM increased with maturity. Stalk, leaf, husk, and ear contributed 35, 14, 7, and 44% to whole-plant yield of DM. Total nitrogen (N) declined with maturity. Ear N averaged 65% of the whole-plant N. Water-soluble carbohydrate content of the whole plant was greatest for the second and third harvest and remained at a high level for all harvests. The yield of in vitro digestible dry matter (IVD DM) was greatest for the ear which contributed 52.8% of the total IVD DM, compared with 29.1, 13.4, and 7.6% for stalk, leaf, and husk. Digestible energy, obtained with wethers, was comparable for most growth stages. Both percentage digestible crude protein (CP) and g/kg DM CP showed a declining trend with maturity. DM intakes were lower than indicated by other studies.
A DOUBLE CONE SEEDER MODIFIED TO APPLY FUNGICIDAL PELLETS ABOVE SEED
Authors: Mills J. T.
Published: March 2010

not available
COMPOSITIONAL AND FRUIT QUALITY RELATIONSHIPS IN APPLE FRUIT AND LEAVES
Authors: Johnston F. B. , Hammill Madeleine M. , Spangelo L. P. , Watkins R.
Published: March 2010

Leaf composition, fruit composition and physical characteristics of the fruit were compared in a series of cultivars and scab-resistant selections. Several significant correlations between leaf and fruit composition were found. Those of greatest interest were: free acid–phenol contents; phenol–phenol; total acid–pH (negative correlation); pH–pH. The first two confirm earlier reported findings.Significant relationships between fruit characteristics and leaf analyses were noted. Diameter and depth were negatively correlated with each of leaf sugar content, free acid, total acid and phenol, and positively with pH; quality negatively with free and total acid; precocity (age of tree at bearing) positively with sugar content; and amount of red skin color positively with pH.
ASSESSMENT OF WINTERHARDINESS IN PEACH BY A LIQUID NITROGEN SYSTEM
Authors: Weaver G. M. , Jackson H. O.
Published: March 2010

A system is described for controlled freezing of dormant peach scions using liquid nitrogen as the refrigerant. Experiments conducted by freezing to −20 °C at rates of 4.5 and 8.1 °C/hr indicated that 11 cultivars could be differentiated according to their relative frost resistance, but that the greatest separation and precision were observed with the slow rate of freezing.
INFLUENCE DE LA GROSSEUR DU PLANT-MERE ET DE L’ABLATION DES BOUTONS FLORAUX SUR LA PRODUCTION DE PLANTS DE CULTIVARS DE FRAISIER
Authors: Bédard Roger
Published: March 2010

not available
LIGNIFICATION AND IN VITRO CELL WALL DIGESTIBILITY OF PLANT PARTS
Authors: Mowat D. N. , Kwain M. L. , Winch J. E.
Published: March 2010

The in vitro cell wall digestibility and chemical composition were determined with a total of 56 forage samples. Two samples each of Dactylis glomerata L., Bromus inermis Leyss., Medicago sativa L., and Lotus corniculatus L. were collected at three maturities. Two samples of Symphtum officinale L. were collected at two maturities. All samples were later separated into leaf and stem portions. Wide variation existed in chemical composition and digestibility. The range in cell wall constituents was 23.9 to 79.8%, in acid detergent fiber 16.9 to 52.3%, and in lignin 3.7 to 19.1%. The in vitro cell wall digestibility varied from 16.6 to 77.5%. Correlation coefficients between lignin content and cell wall digestibility were higher when lignin was expressed as a percentage of dry matter rather than as a percentage of cell walls. In grasses, the relationship between lignin in cell walls and cell wall digestibility was linear. However, cell wall digestibility of legumes and Russian comfrey was not as low as expected from the content of lignin.
FRUIT SIZE OF APPLE AS AFFECTED BY SPRAYS OF ALAR IN THE PREVIOUS YEAR
Authors: Crowe A. D. , Webster D. H. , Cannon H. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECT OF FUNGICIDES ON COCHLIOBOLUS SATIVUS AND OTHER FUNGI ON BARLEY SEED IN SOIL
Authors: Mills J. T. , Wallace H. A. H.
Published: March 2010

Nineteen seed-treatment fungicides were tested for their effects on the microflora of barley seed. The barley seed, naturally infested with Cochliobolus sativus, Alternaria alternata and Streptomyces species, was treated, placed m soil for seven days at 20 °C, and then examined. The wide-spectrum fungicides Ceresan M, Panogen PX and Dithane M 45 provided the best control of C. sativus; the more selective fungicides provided little or no control. Alternaria alternata was controlled (P < 0.05) by all fungicides except SWF 850 and G 696. In contrast, growth of Streptomyces spp. was enhanced by Chemagro 4497, G 696, SWF 860, SWF 800, F 735 and SWF 850; the other chemicals had no effect. Because of general agreement between soil and filter paper techniques and the amount of work involved in the former, the filter paper technique is recommended for initial screening of fungicides.
INHERITANCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERS ASSOCIATED WITH YIELD IN SPRING WHEAT
Authors: Walton P. D.
Published: March 2010

Records from seven spring wheats in a diallel cross showed that flag-leaf lamina area, extrusion of the head from the leaf sheath, head length and yield were all controlled by minor genes. Additive gene action and general combining ability were shown to be important genetic factors for all characters studied. Partial dominance was present for yield, flag-leaf area and head length. There was evidence that over-dominance played a part in the inheritance of extrusion. The genetic factors which controlled the expression of small leaf size showed dominance over those for large leaves and appeared to be distributed over all chromosomes. Increased extrusion and large flag-leaf area were both shown to be associated with high yield.
INFLUENCE OF LOW SEEDING RATES ON WHEAT YIELD IN SOUTHWESTERN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: Pelton W. L.
Published: March 2010

Spring wheat seeding rates of 22, 45, 67, and 101 kg/ha were compared in a field experiment on a medium-textured soil at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, over the period 1960–1968. Data collected during eight years indicated that when weeds, insects and diseases were chemically controlled, low seeding rates produced significantly more grain than higher seeding rates, with greatest increases occurring during years of severe moisture stress. Low seeding rates produced longer heads, heavier kernels, and in some cases taller plants. Plant population differences resulting from the variation in seeding rate were largely eliminated by plant survival and tillering. The number of mature kernels per unit area did not differ significantly for all treatments.Seeding rates had an effect on the rate at which moisture was used by the crop. Soil moisture supplies were quickly exhausted on plots seeded at rates of 67 and 101 kg/ha, whereas moisture was available to the crop seeded at lower rates over a longer period. The crop seeded at 22 kg/ha matured 3 to 5 days later than that seeded at 101 kg/ha.
EFFECTS OF PLANT POPULATION AND FERTILIZER ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF SOYBEANS
Authors: Buttery B. R.
Published: March 2010

High-density (32 plants/m2) planting of soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merrill] resulted in small plants but high dry weights per unit area of ground, while low density (four plants/m2) produced larger plants with a smaller dry weight per unit area of ground. Intermediate densities (16 and 8 plants/m2) produced intermediate plant sizes and yields. Shoot/root, bean/shoot, and leaf area ratio were all decreased by increasing density. The effects of density on plant growth were detectable 30 to 40 days from planting, and increased rapidly thereafter.Fertilizer in moderate quantity depressed the growth of the whole plant in the early stages, but, by maturity, fertilizer was associated with a small increase in weight of shoot and an increase in the proportion of beans to shoot.High density reduced the proportion of flowers forming mature pods, while fertilizer application increased it.There was no interaction between fertilizer level and density of planting on any plant characteristic.Effects of fertilizer on later stages of growth could be attributed mostly to N; effects on early stages of growth are more difficult to interpret but suggest an extreme sensitivity to fertilizer, which may be involved in the generally observed poor response of soybeans to fertilizer.
GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTIONS IN YIELD OF WHEAT
Authors: Baker R. J.
Published: March 2010

A detailed analysis of genotype-environment interactions was carried out among yields of six cultivars of hard red spring wheat grown at each of nine locations in five different years. Subdividing the sum of squares for genotype-environment interactions into components due to each cultivar indicated that the Finlay-Wilkinson method of measuring yield stability is of little value for wheat yield in western Canada. Conventional estimates of variance components due to the different types of genotype-environment interaction indicated that all except the genotype-year interaction were significant and important.
OCCURRENCE AND SEED TRANSMISSION OF TOMATO BUSHY STUNT VIRUS IN APPLE
Authors: Allen Wayne R.
Published: March 2010

not available
DESIRED IMPROVEMENT IN RELATION TO SELECTION INDICES
Authors: Pešek J. , Baker R. J.
Published: March 2010

not available
NATURE OF PROTEINS IN TRITICALE AND ITS PARENTAL SPECIES: III. A COMPARISON OF THEIR ELECTROPHORETIC PATTERNS
Authors: CHEN C. H. , BUSHUK W.
Published: March 2010

Comparison of the disc electrophoretic patterns for the albumins, globulins, gliadins, and glutenins of one line of Triticale and its durum wheat and rye parents showed that all the protein components of the interspecific hybrid are present in the parents. It is concluded that the proteins of Triticale are simply inherited from its parents. The patterns for the albumin and globulin groups for the cultivar of durum wheal (Stewart 63) and the cultivar of hard red spring wheat (Manitou) investigated were identical. Differences were observed in the patterns for the gliadins and glutenins of these two wheats. These qualitative differences might account for the difference in their breadmaking qualities, and provide additional evidence in support of the hypothesis that the genes for breadmaking quality factors are in the D genome.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INITIAL SEED WEIGHT AND MATURE PLANT CHARACTERS IN SPRING WHEAT
Authors: AUSTENSON H. M. , WALTON P. D.
Published: March 2010

For each of the three spring wheat cultivars, Pembina, Thatcher, and Manitou, the weight of approximately 900 seeds from 30 randomly selected heads was recorded. These seeds were grown to maturity in the field and mature plant characters associated with yield were recorded. Simple and partial correlation coefficients as well as multiple regression formulae were calculated for all traits. The size of the individual seeds planted was shown to account for 2.5 to 4.5% of the observed variations in yield and other mature plant characters, including the number of heads produced per plant. Head number was the most important component of yield.
RED RASPBERRY GROWTH RELATED TO ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE STUDIES
Authors: CRAIG D. L. , GASS D. A. , FENSOM D. S.
Published: March 2010

The electrical impedance patterns for six red raspberry cultivars were determined over a three-year period. Impedance readings did not separate the winterhardy from the tender cultivars. The failure to obtain separation was due to the extensive physiological changes associated with the biennial growth habit of the red raspberry.The impedance patterns of the cultivars were similar in each of the three test years. Impedance changes indicated when the initiation of the rest period began in the fall and the resumption of growth in the spring.Bud injury was found to be dependent upon desiccation of the canes during the winter. While changes in cane moisture content might not be indicated by impedance measurements, frost injury to buds was directly correlated with the percentage drop in impedance after a severe cold spell in midwinter, and also with subsequent desiccation.
EFFECT OF A WHEAT COMPANION CROP ON THE SEED AND DRY MATTER YIELD OF CRESTED WHEATGRASS
Authors: LAWRENCE T.
Published: March 2010

Chinook wheat sown in various spacings parallel with or across rows of Summit crested wheatgrass, Agropyron desertorum (Fisch.) Schult. spaced 91.5 cm apart did not affect the establishment of the grass plants, but decreased their vigor. The higher the plant density of the companion crop, the greater the depression on seedling vigor. The use of a wheat companion crop had only a slight influence on the seed and dry matter yield of crested wheatgrass. The production of wheat in the seedling year more than compensated for any decreased yields of grass seed and dry matter in subsequent years.
MATERNAL INFLUENCE IN BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL ON THE SEEDLING VIGOR OF THE PROGENY
Authors: TWAMLEY B. E.
Published: March 2010

Several hundred two-year-old nursery plants originating in the early-type trefoil cultivar Maitland were rated for flowering maturity, morphological features and growth pattern. Open-pollination seed was collected from these and 100-seed weight determinations were made.The experimental material was organized into two sections for testing purposes. In one, the effect of maternal maturity on the seedling vigor of the progeny was studied and in the other the effect of maternal morphology. Each section was made up of five classes, varying either in maturity or in morphology. Each class contained either nine or ten progeny lines. The range in seed size was similar for all classes. No relationship was found between maturity, morphological type or growth habit of the maternal parent on the one hand and the seedling vigor rating of their progeny at six and ten weeks of age on the other.The breeding implications of these findings are discussed.
CANADIAN HARMONY PEACH
Authors: Weaver G. M. , Stroud F. D.
Published: March 2010

not available
HETEROSIS IN F1 HYBRIDS BETWEEN SPRING AND WINTER WHEATS
Authors: GRANT M. N. , McKENZIE HUGH
Published: March 2010

Significant levels of heterosis were demonstrated in F1 yield trials from crosses between three spring and three winter wheats (T. aestivum L.): Thatcher × Winalta, Cypress × Kharkov 22 MC, and Lee × Cheyenne. Yields up to 40% higher than those of the spring wheat parent were attributed to heterosis resulting from hybridization of genetically diverse spring and winter types. To our knowledge this is the first published report of heterosis for yield in F1 hybrids between spring and winter wheat cultivars. This information has significance in both hybrid wheat and conventional breeding programs.
EFFECT OF SEED POD LOCATION ON THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF SEED OIL FROM RAPESEED (BRASSICA NAPUS AND B. CAMPESTRIS)
Authors: BECHYNE M. , KONDRA Z. P.
Published: March 2010

Oils from seeds produced at three locations on plants of Nugget (Brassica napus L.) and Echo (B. campestris L.) rapeseed, grown in field plots and a controlled environment room, were analyzed for their fatty acid composition. The fatty acid composition of oil from field-produced seed was not affected by the location of the seed on the plant. However, in the controlled environment room the effect of seed position was significant. Nugget seed from the lowest raceme contained seed oil with significantly higher linolenic acid and lower erucic acid than seed produced on the main raceme. Echo seed from the lowest pods on the main raceme contained significantly less palmitic acid than seeds from the lowest pods on the lowest raceme. Nugget seed grown in the controlled environment room had a significantly higher content of palmitic, stearic and oleic acids, and significantly lower levels of linoleic, linolenic and erucic acids than Nugget field-produced seed. The fatty acid composition of Echo seed oil produced under the two environments did not differ significantly. Single pod samples should be restricted to the same position on each plant to reduce the position effect on fatty acid composition. This and previous studies indicate that comparisons of fatty acid values for plants grown at different locations should be avoided.
LABORATORY TECHNIQUE FOR ASSESSING WINTERHARDINESS IN STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA×ANANASSADUCH.)
Authors: Harris R. E.
Published: March 2010

The percentage of electrolytes extracted from strawberry crowns following cold stress in early winter was inversely related to recovery in the greenhouse and field and was more suitable for evaluating hardiness than either the recovery, resistance, or ninhydrin methods. The optimum temperature for differentiating between hardened cultivars was −9 C. Temperatures above −9 C did not cause enough injury to overcome inherent differences between cultivars, while more severe stress caused complete killing. The effect of varying the conductance method is discussed and a recommended procedure given.
EFFECT OF AVAILABLE SOIL NITROGEN ON YIELDS AND RESPONSE OF BRUSSELS SPROUTS TO APPLIED NITROGEN IN THE FIELD
Authors: MUNRO D. C. , CUTCLIFFE J. A.
Published: March 2010

Determination of nitrate nitrogen in the soil at transplanting time was the best soil test for prediction of yield potential and relative response of Brussels sprouts (Brassica oleracea var. gemmifera DC, Jade Cross) to applied nitrogen. Actual fertilizer nitrogen requirement of a soil could not be predicted from soil tests. Total soil nitrogen was the best alternative to original soil nitrate for prediction of yield potential of the soil. Total nitrogen in leaf tissue from maximum-yielding plots averaged 5.6%. Approximately 5.2% tissue nitrogen was necessary for good yields. Concentration of nitrogen in leaf tissue from control plots could not be predicted from soil tests for available nitrogen. Over a period of three years at four locations per year, 67 kg nitrogen per ha applied in bands was adequate for maximum yields of Brussels sprouts at most locations.
VOLATILE NITROGENOUS BASES AND ALIPHATIC SECONDARY AMINES OF BURLEY TOBACCO
Authors: BUSH L. P. , SIMS J. L. , ATKINSON W. O.
Published: March 2010

Volatile nitrogenous bases and dimethylamine, methylethylamine, and diethylamine with N-methyl-n-propylamine were determined on two strains of burley tobacco isogenic for nornicotine. Concentrations of the nitrogenous bases and the secondary aliphatic amines, which are positively correlated with total nitrogen levels, were lower in leaves from the lower stalk positions.
A MATERNAL EFFECT ON THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF RAPESEED OIL (BRASSICA NAPUS)
Authors: Kondra Z. P. , Stefansson B. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE LEAF WATER STATUS OF BARLEY AND SOIL WATER
Authors: MILLAR AGUSTIN A. , DUYSEN MURRAY E. , NORUM ENOCH B.
Published: March 2010

Total water potential of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) leaves from plants grown under greenhouse and growth chamber conditions was divided into pressure and osmotic potential components, and their relationship to leaf relative water content was determined. Pressure potential approached zero at a water potential of about −32 bars, and a relative water content of about 65%. A change in the elasticity of leaves occurred at about 2 bars pressure potential and about −12 bars water potential. First visible wilting was observed between 75 and 80% relative water content. Transpiration decreased as leaf relative water content decreased but transpiration was independent of soil water content until about 16% (0.6 bar soil suction). First visible wilting of barley leaves was observed at soil water content between 9 and 13% (1–5 bars soil suction). Water potential and leaf relative water content decreased as the soil matric potential decreased. There was a shift to lower relative water content and water potential values as plants became older when the soil matric potential decreased.
COMPETITION OF SAPONARIA VACCARIA AND SINAPIS ARVENSIS IN WHEAT
Authors: ALEX J. F.
Published: March 2010

Sinapis arvensis L. (wild mustard) competed strongly with Saponaria vaccaria L. (cow cockle) in wheat on heavy clay soil. Seed and dry weight production by S. vaccaria were reduced about half by 190 S. arvensis plants/m2. S. vaccaria at 314 plants/m2 had little effect on S. arvensis. Support was obtained for the hypothesis that populations of S. vaccaria increased after 2,4-D came into general use and this species was no longer suppressed by S. arvensis. S. arvensis at 190 plants/m2 reduced grain yield 38% and 314 S. vaccaria/m2 reduced it 36%. Competitive effects of both species together were not fully additive because the effects of one species tended to obscure the effects of the other. Intraspecies competition was demonstrated in each weed species by its decrease in productivity per plant as its density increased.
FIELD EVALUATION OF THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL NECROSIS IN SEEDLINGS OF SEVERAL LETTUCE CULTIVARS
Authors: BRADNOCK W. T. , MATHESON J. B. , FIEDOROWICZ M.
Published: March 2010

"Physiological necrosis" in six cultivars of lettuce was associated with reduction in seedling emergence in the cultivars Buttercrunch, Grand Rapids and New York No. 12, with seedling mortality in the cultivars Grand Rapids, Mesa, New York No. 12 and Oswego and with failure to head in the cultivars Buttercrunch, Great Lakes and New York No. 12. Only in the cultivars Grand Rapids, Great Lakes and New York No. 12 were high levels of "physiological necrosis" associated with low yields of marketable plants.
EFFECT OF N SOURCE, AND RATE OF N, P AND K ON THE AMMONIUM, AMINO, AND AMIDE NITROGEN LEVELS IN VEGETATIVE TISSUE OF BARLEY GROWN IN HYDROPONIC CULTURE
Authors: SUZUKI M. , MacLEOD L. B.
Published: March 2010

Vegetative tissue of barley (Hordeum distichon L.) cultured on 100 ppm ammonium-N contained a high level of ammonium-N and showed severe toxicity symptoms and markedly reduced yield, particularly when associated with the low (10 ppm) K rate. When K supply was increased to 100 ppm, the ammonium level decreased significantly although the concentration was still much higher than that in tissue supplied with 100 ppm of N from either ammonium-nitrate or nitrate source. Insufficient K supply also resulted in accumulation of amino- and amide-N in the tissue, the highest proportion of the water-soluble N fraction occurring as amino-N. The incorporation of ammonia into amide-N as a main detoxication process failed to explain the decrease of ammonium level in barley tissue supplied with an increasing rate of K. In general, the effect of P on the ammonium-, amino-, or amide-N level was not as large as that of K. Increasing the rate of P from 10 to 100 ppm caused an increase in the ammonium concentration in plants supplied with 100 ppm ammonium-N.
ASCORBIC ACID IN RED RASPBERRY FRUIT AND LEAVES
Authors: FEJER S. O. , JOHNSTON F. B. , HAMMILL MADELEINE M. , SPANGELO L. P. S.
Published: March 2010

Ascorbic acid content of leaves of 30 red raspberry clones was much higher than that of the fruits. In spite of seasonal variation both in leaf and fruit, ascorbic acid content of any clone was relatively similar in the same seasons of two consecutive years. However, the relation of leaf to fruit ascorbic acid was very variable between harvests, ranging from significantly negative to positive correlations. Thus, a selection of high ascorbic acid in the leaf to increase this compound in the fruit is not possible at the present stage, although there were indications that the content of the leaf is inherited by the seedlings. Dehydroascorbic acid was very low in the fall-fruiting Comet raspberry. High ascorbic acid content was related to early leaf fall in the present material.
EVALUATION OF BROMEGRASS WHEN GROWN IN PURE STAND AND IN MIXTURE WITH ALFALFA
Authors: GROSS A. T. H.
Published: March 2010

The two best and two lowest yielding of nine bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) strains were as readily identified from two-year as from three-year hay yield data. Root production was not satisfactorily evaluated from four soil cores per plot. Grass stand was very variable, for both strains and management systems. Spring vigor in the first year of production tended to be associated with plant number established in the seedling year. Strains were satisfactorily characterized for spring vigor in the second year of production and third-year data were not necessary. Strain differences in fall growth and rhizome extension were more pronounced, and coefficients of variation were reduced, as the stands aged.Alfalfa seeded with bromegrass masked the grass and made it difficult to evaluate most grass characters. Bromegrass strains evaluated in pure grass swards either with or without fertilizer gave comparable results. An advantage from fertilizer application was that the coefficient of variation for hay yield was reduced.
A FOUR-WAY DIVIDER FOR PLOT SEEDERS
Authors: Hergert G. B. , Dyck F. B.
Published: March 2010

not available
COMPETITION BETWEEN BARLEY AND WILD OATS AS AFFECTED BY NITROGEN, BARBAN AND TIME OF SEEDING
Authors: McBEATH D. K. , DEW D. A. , FRIESEN H. A.
Published: March 2010

Main effects and interactions of nitrogen, barban (4-chloro-2-butynyl m-chlorocarbanilate) and time of seeding of wild oats (Avena fatua L.) in relation to barley were investigated in factorial growth chamber and field experiments. Culms and yield of barley were increased by nitrogen and barban in both experiments, and increased by each delay in wild oat seeding in the growth chamber only. Culms and yield of wild oats were increased by nitrogen in the growth chamber but not in the field, and were decreased by barban and delayed seeding in both experiments. Competition between the two species growing together is demonstrated by reciprocal relationships between culm numbers and yield of the two species. Similar results were obtained for most main effects and interactions in the two experiments, indicating that competitive and nutrient stresses developed in short term growth chamber studies can be used for the prediction of results under field conditions.
RESPONSE OF WINTER RYE TO APPLICATIONS OF 2,4-D AND PICLORAM AT VARIOUS GROWTH STAGES
Authors: Rahman Anisur , Corns William G.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECT OF FORM OF N AND pH ON NITRATE REDUCTASE ACTIVITY IN LOWBUSH BLUEBERRY LEAVES AND ROOTS
Authors: Townsend L. R.
Published: March 2010

not available
CARBOXANILIDO SYSTEMIC CHEMICALS IN THE CONTROL OF LEAF AND STEM RUSTS OF WHEAT
Authors: HAGBORG W. A. F.
Published: March 2010

The systemic fungicides Plantvax, Vitavax and G 696 applied to foliage at rates as low as 4.2, 4.2 and 2.5 kg/ha, respectively, were found in some tests to significantly increase yields of wheat by controlling infection by leaf rust and stem rust in field plots. The test fungicides were sometimes more effective and sometimes less effective than a nickel-zineb control. Foliage and soil applications were tested at various rates. Cost-benefit values were calculated for various methods of application and prices of chemical.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PITH CELL CONDITION AS ASSESSED BY TETRAZOLIUM CHLORIDE AND INCIDENCE OF GIBBERELLA STALK ROT IN CORN
Authors: GATES L. F.
Published: March 2010

The response of pith tissue to tetrazolium chloride was used to assess the physiological condition of pith cells of the basal internodes of stalk-rot-resistant and susceptible inbred corn plants during ear development. Although no consistent differences in pith tissue response between the inbreds could be detected 1–2 weeks before mid-silk, differences in cell condition in the basal pith became apparent during ear development, possibly because this imposed a stress on the plant. Measurements of cell condition made 1–3 weeks after mid-silk could be associated with about half of the observed variation in final stalk rot, and the results of a third test made 0–10 days before ear maturity could be associated with most of the variation in stalk rot. Plant size in relation to kernel yield accounted for part only of the differences in pith cell condition and stalk rot incidence.
COMPARATIVE LEAF ANATOMY OF TWO STANDARD AND TWO COMPACT APPLE MUTANTS
Authors: Liu A. , Eaton G. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
FREE AMINO ACIDS CONTENT IN ROOT TISSUE OF CLUBROOT RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE CABBAGES
Authors: Chiang M. S. , Nip W. K.
Published: March 2010

not available
SEARCH FOR BIOLOGICAL RACES IN AMPHOROPHORA AGATHONICA HOTTES ON RED RASPBERRIES
Authors: CONVERSE R. H. , DAUBENY HUGH A. , STACE-SMITH R. , RUSSELL LOUISE M. , KOCH E. J. , WIGGANS S. C.
Published: March 2010

The red raspberry cultivars ’Latham,’ ’Viking,’ ’Newburgh,’ ’Willamette,’ ’Sumner,’ ’Rideau’ and ’Lloyd George’ were tested for their differential abilities to support colonies of the aphid Amphorophora agathonica. These cultivars were grown at Agassiz, B.C. and Burlington, Vt., and counts of the natural populations of A. agathonica that developed on each cultivar except Lloyd George were subjected to statistical analyses. Latham, Viking, and Newburgh differed significantly in relative numbers of aphids between the two locations. The numbers on Willamette and Sumner were relatively similar. Rideau and Lloyd George were immune at each location. This suggests that the populations at the two locations belonged to the same race with respect to their ability to colonize red raspberry cultivars. The differences observed in Latham, Viking, and Newburgh might relate to variations in genotypes of the race.
HETEROSIS AND COMBINING ABILITY OF BARLEY HYBRIDS IN DENSELY AND WIDELY SEEDED CONDITIONS
Authors: YAP T. C. , HARVEY B. L.
Published: March 2010

All possible crosses were made among the four commercial barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam.) cultivars, ’Conquest’, ’Gait’, ’Jubilee’ and ’Olli’, and evaluated under space-seeded (12 seeds/3.66 m × 0.61 m) and densely seeded (250 seeds/4.88 m × 0.15 m) conditions. For the six agronomic traits measured, no substantial heterosis was found. The number of heads per unit area was consistently correlated with grain yields. Heading date and plant height showed similar trends in both tests, whereas grain yield and the components of yield showed different behavior in the two tests. The major portion of the genetic variance for the traits measured was due to variation in general combining ability, indicating that additive gene action was more important than non-additive gene action. Moreover, general combining ability effects were less susceptible to environment than the specific combining ability effects.
EFFECT OF COUMARIN ON SOME PATHOGENS OF SWEETCLOVER
Authors: BERKENKAMP B.
Published: March 2010

The effects of coumarin, in high and low coumarin isosynthetics of Melilotus alba and Melilotus officinalis, on pathogens of sweetclover were examined. No significant effect was found on susceptibility of sweetclover to infection by bean yellow mosaic virus or Asocochyta imperfecta in this study. In sweetclover, coumarin occurred mainly as a glucoside which was not inhibitory to fungi. However, in media incorporating freshly ground sweetclover, the inherent glucosidase released the aglycone which inhibited fungal growth, as did media incorporating pure coumarin.
EVALUATING COMPETITION AMONG TIMOTHY SEEDLINGS
Authors: Johnston A. , Smoliak S.
Published: March 2010

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COLLECTION OF XYLEM SAP FROM APPLE TREES BY VACUUM
Authors: Miller S. R. , Hunt L. C.
Published: March 2010

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EFFECTS OF STEM RUST AND LEAF RUST OF WHEAT ON GENOTYPE-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION FOR YIELD
Authors: BAKER R. J.
Published: March 2010

The two approaches used to assess the effects of infection with stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici) and leaf rust (Puccinia recondita Rob. ex. Desm.) on the estimation of genotype-environment interaction for yield in wheat, Triticum aestivum L. em Thell., showed that rust infection is an important consideration. The results suggest that much of the genotype-environment interaction in quantitative traits may be due to rather simply inherited traits.
CHEMICAL CONTROL OF CATTAIL, TYPHA LATIFOLIA
Authors: CORNS Wm. G. , GUPTA R. K.
Published: March 2010

Foliar sprays of 22.4 kg/ha Tandex in 3368 liters/ha of aqueous carrier containing 1% Atlox 210 surfactant, applied at, or soon after the flowering stage of cattail (Typha latifolia L.), kept plots free of all growth for a three-year period. Comparable soil treatments with pelleted material were as effective only on areas that had no surface water. Foliar sprays with 16.8 kg/ha amitrole or 22.4 kg/ha dalapon were excellent for two years’ control of cattail but allowed invasion of other weeds. Single annual foliar applications of 6.7 kg/ha 2,4-D ester with added surfactant and 112.3 liters/ha diesel oil, in 3368 liters/ha total volume, were effective for cattail control. There was no appreciable advantage from higher dosages. Results from amitrole, dalapon, paraquat and Tandex, used alone, were at least as good as they were from certain mixtures of each of these herbicides with 2,4-D formulated to give the same total respective dosage. Mowing seven times between July, 1968, and August, 1969, of plots not in water, reduced their cattail population by 90%. There was no apparent effect on biological activity of sewage lagoons from repeated applications of 2,4-D ester to bordering cattail, and there were no detectable residues of dalapon or amitrole in the water after treatment with these herbicides. Other chemicals were not involved in such determinations at separate lagoons.
YIELD RESPONSE OF SPRING BARLEY TO ROW SPACING AND SEEDING RATE
Authors: FINLAY R. C. , REINBERGS E. , DAYNARD T. B.
Published: March 2010

Four cultivars of Hordeum vulgare L. were grown in 1967 at three seeding rates (54, 108, and 161 kg/ha) in six row spacings (11-, 18-, 23-, and 31-cm rows, and 11- and 18-cm cross-planted rows). The study was expanded in 1968 to include an additional cultivar of Hordeum distichum L. Grain yield was unaffected by seeding rate in either year. Narrow row spacing resulted in increased grain yields in 1968, when mean yields were high, but not in 1967 when yields were below normal. In both years, decreased row width resulted in increased numbers of spikes per m2 of ground area, and decreased numbers of grains per spike. A significant cultivar × row spacing interaction for yield was observed in 1968, but not in 1967. Statistical analysis revealed this interaction to be closely related to cultivar yield levels; that is, high yielding cultivars displayed a greater response to narrowing row spacing than did their lower-yielding counterparts. No consistent relationship was observed between cultivar yield differences, or the cultivar × row spacing interaction for yield, and cultivar differences in morphological type (leaf disposition, plant height). Furthermore, cultivar differences in yield were not related to the relative size of the various yield components (1000-grain weight, grains per spike, and spikes per m2). Although a cultivar × row spacing interaction for yield was observed, results suggest that, under Ontario conditions, this interaction does not represent a serious drawback to present cultivar testing procedures whereby cultivars are evaluated for yield at a single row width spacing.
EFFECT OF SOLAR RADIATION ON SEASONAL CONCENTRATIONS OF SORBITOL AND RELATED CARBOHYDRATES IN APPLE LEAVES
Authors: Chong Calvin , Taper C. D.
Published: March 2010

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FESTIVAL RED RASPBERRY
Authors: Fejer S. O. , Spangelo L. P. S.
Published: March 2010

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ALADDIN, A NEW GERANIUM CULTIVAR
Authors: Harney Patricia M.
Published: March 2010

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MAYAK, RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS
Authors: Lawrence T.
Published: March 2010

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DISTRIBUTION OF SETARIA VIRIDIS IN WESTERN CANADA
Authors: ALEX J. F. , BANTING J. D. , GEBHARDT J. P.
Published: March 2010

Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (green foxtail) was present in 84, 32, and 28% of the 406 fields surveyed in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta, respectively. In Alberta and Saskatchewan, S. viridis occurred more frequently on moderately coarse- to coarse-textured soils than on finer soils. Densities and the extent of infestation in each field was greater on coarse-textured soils than on fine-textured soils in these two provinces. However, in Manitoba, the presence of this species was not related to soil texture, since the frequency of occurrence in fields, the extent to which each field was infested, and the maximum densities recorded in each infestation were uniformly high for all soil textural groups. In Manitoba, 43% of the infestations included densities of 1000 or more plants per m2 and the highest density recorded was 10,000/m2. This weed is more widespread than was reported in previous surveys and infests nearly 28% of the cultivated acreage in Western Canada. In laboratory tests, emergence was similar in clay, loam, or sandy loam soils kept at field capacity or at higher moisture levels within a temperature range of 10–24 C. Emergence was reduced by planting at depths below 5 or 7.6 cm, depending upon soil moisture. Germination increased with temperature, and it is suggested that coarse-textured soils are invaded most readily because they warm up faster than fine-textured soils. Cropping practices may also affect distribution since the buildup of S. viridis is believed to be checked by summer-fallowing. The frequency of summer-fallowing in Manitoba is lower than in Saskatchewan. This may account for the high populations of S. viridis in Manitoba.
PRODUCTIVITY ESTIMATES FROM ALPINE TUNDRA IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: BRINK V. C. , LUCKHURST A. , MORRISON D.
Published: March 2010

Estimates of net primary productivity and combined nitrogen content are given for exclosures on three alpine sites in British Columbia. The estimates are useful for determining carrying capacity of alpine ranges for domestic and native ungulates, for comparative studies in biological zonation, and for environmental sensitivity decisions.
NITROGEN FERTILIZATION OF REED CANARYGRASS AND ITS EFFECTS ON PRODUCTION AND MINERAL ELEMENT CONTENT
Authors: DEAN J. R. , CLARK K. W.
Published: March 2010

The effect of eight rates of N up to 672 kg/ha on the production of dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP), and the levels of nine mineral elements in Frontier reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) was assessed in two experiments. All treatments received 25 kg P/ha. Two cuts were taken for yield estimations, and a third from more mature grass in mid-season for chemical analysis. Strongly linear relations (P = 0.01) were found for DM and CP with N. Recovery of N was highest where 224 kg N/ha was applied. All cuts were analyzed spectrographically for P, K, Ca, Mg, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mo. Significantly positive correlations with N were found for K, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn in various cuts, whereas Mo showed a significantly negative correlation in one cut.
A DEVICE FOR THE AUTOMATIC GENERATION OF PLANT NUTRIENT SOLUTIONS
Authors: GIBSON J. S. , JOLLIFEE P. A.
Published: March 2010

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EFFECTS OF PLASTIC MULCH AND ROW SPACING ON CARROT GROWN NORTH OF LATITUDE 60°N
Authors: GUBBELS G. H.
Published: March 2010

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CHANGES IN ASCORBIC ACID AND PHENOLS IN APRICOT IN RESPONSE TO RHIZOPUS ARRHIZUS
Authors: GUNASEKARAN M. , WEBER DARRELL J.
Published: March 2010

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A SIMPLE INDEX OF SOUTHERN LEAF BLIGHT ACTIVITY IN CORN COMPUTED FROM TEMPERATURE AND LEAF WETNESS OBSERVATIONS NEAR GUELPH, ONTARIO
Authors: GILLESPIE T. J.
Published: March 2010

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KUSTRO WINTER RYE
Authors: STERLING J. D. E. , SMELTZER G. G. , LANGILLE J. E.
Published: March 2010

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BIOMAGNETIC RESPONSES IN POTATOES
Authors: PITTMAN U. J.
Published: March 2010

Plants grown in the greenhouse from excised magnetically treated eyes of the Netted Gem potato, Solanum tuberosum L., yielded a greater weight and a greater number of tubers than those grown from untreated eyes. Pregermination magnetic treatment of the eyes sometimes produced an increase in top growth of plants. Plants grown in the field from excised magnetically treated eyes yielded 14% more marketable tubers that weighed 38.5% more than those grown from untreated eyes. Pregermination magnetic treatment of the eye may have effected a change in the metabolic process in the bud that eventually promoted earlier and greater tuber initiation.
INHERITANCE OF GROAT PROTEIN IN INTERSPECIFIC OAT CROSSES
Authors: CAMPBELL A. R. , FREY K. J.
Published: March 2010

Ten interspecific crosses of Avena sativa L. × A. sterilis L. were used to study inheritance of crude protein percentage in the groats of oats. There was significant genetic variability among F2-derived lines for groat-protein percentage in each cross. Mean and midparent values for groat-protein percentage were not significantly different and the frequency distributions were reasonably symmetrical for six crosses, both suggesting that additive gene action conditioned this trait. Frequency distributions for the remaining four crosses showed an excessive number of low-protein lines and the F2-derived line means for three were lower than their respective midparent values, suggesting that duplicate epistatic gene action was conditioning low groat-protein percentage in these crosses. Mean per-plot, per-experiment, and regression heritabilities were 41, 57, and 30% respectively. It appears that the inheritance is sufficiently simple and the heritability is large enough for researchers to be successful in breeding for high groat-protein percentage in oats by using appropriate A. sativa × A. sterilis crosses.
EFFECTS OF BENOMYL AND TWO RELATED SYSTEMIC FUNGICIDES ON GROWTH OF FUSARIUM WILT-SUSCEPTIBLE AND RESISTANT MUSKMELON
Authors: WENSLEY R. N.
Published: March 2010

Three systemic fungicides, benomyl (Benlate 50 WP), thiophanate-methyl (Cercobin 70 WP), and thiophanate (Cercobin 50 WP), used as soil drenches, snowed growth-regulating properties in wilt-susceptible and resistant muskmelon grown in soil infested with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Leach and Currence) Snyd. and Hans.). After an initial 12 days of suppression, growth rates accelerated, and enhanced total growth (leaf area) was obtained for most cultivars. Although similarities of growth trends were found, cultivars reacted differently when the three systemic compounds were applied to steam-sterilized compost.
PEPPERMINT AS A CASH CROP IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: HAMON N. W. , ZUCK D. A.
Published: March 2010

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EFFECTS OF LEAF RUST ON NITRATE IN RYE
Authors: PIENING L. J.
Published: March 2010

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STRESS WHEEL — A PLANTING DESIGN FOR FORAGE CROPS INTRODUCTIONS
Authors: GROSS A. T. H.
Published: March 2010

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RELATIVE YIELDS OF WHEAT, BARLEY, AND OAT CULTIVARS ON SUMMER-FALLOWED AND ON STUBBLE LAND
Authors: AUSTENSON H. M. , KHATRI S. R.
Published: March 2010

Three cultivars of each of wheat, barley, and oats were grown on land that had been either summer-fallowed or in wheat the preceding year. There were significant interactions between species and preceding land treatments. Barley outyielded oats significantly on land that had been summer-fallowed, but the reverse occurred on the stubble land. Wheat was the lowest yielding species with either land treatment. Within each species there were also significant interactions between cultivars and land preparation. The results suggest that it should be possible to develop cultivars with superior adaptation to either summer-fallow or stubble land. Protein content of the grain was unaffected by land preparation except for 1 year when NO3-N on summer-fallowed land was very high.
DEVELOPMENT OF RIBONUCLEASE ACTIVITY IN NINE INBRED LINES OF NORMAL AND OPAQUE-2 MAIZE
Authors: CAGAMPANG GLORIA B. , DALBY ARTHUR
Published: March 2010

The opaque-2 and normal versions of six maize (Zea mays L.) inbreds showed differences in their ribonuclease development patterns similar to that observed previously with the inbred W64A. With two inbreds (A545 and B37) differences did not appear until later in development. Mature seed of A545o2 and B37o2 contained regions of horny endosperm, indicating the presence of modifier genes, but retained the higher lysine content characteristic of opaque-2.
EFFECTS OF EARLY SUMMER AND FALL CUTTING MANAGEMENT ON DRY MATTER YIELDS, DIGESTIBILITY, CRUDE PROTEIN, AND SURVIVAL OF SARANAC AND NARRAGANSETT ALFALFAS
Authors: MacLEOD L. B. , KUNELIUS H. T. , CALDER F. W.
Published: March 2010

The effects of early summer and fall cutting managements on two alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars were studied over a 3-year period. Removal of the first crop of Saranac and Narrangansett alfalfas at prebud stage, followed by two cuts at the early bloom stage before early September, and a late fall harvest on October 25, produced seasonal dry matter (DM) yields of 7.5–8.6 metric T/ha in the 1st year. Stand deterioration, however, was severe and by the 3rd year, practically all alfalfa had disappeared. Average percent crude protein (CP) in cut 1 was 17.7–21.9 and percent in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVD) 67.4–73.8. Removal of the first cut at bud stage with two subsequent harvests at the early bloom stage also allowed a total of three harvests before early September and resulted in seasonal DM yields of 8.6–8.8 in the 1st year. Although the survival of alfalfa was increased over the managements where cut 1 was at prebud stage, a considerable decrease of alfalfa was still observed in the 3rd year. Under this management, average CP in cut 1 was 15.8–16.3 and IVD 64.1–68.4. Harvesting the first crop at early to midbloom stage and the second crop at early bloom in early to mid-August, followed by third harvest in late October, resulted in good survival with seasonal DM yields of 6.1–10.6. Lower CP and IVD were recorded in cut 1 than in the more intensive managements. Under all managements, average CP in cuts 2 and 3 was 14.9–17.3 and 13.3–19.4, respectively. IVD was 54.5–60.7 in cut 2 and 56.0–64.4 in cut 3.
PRECISION OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY IN APPLE TREE MEASUREMENTS
Authors: FEJER S. O. , PHILPOTTS L. E. , SPANGELO L. P. S.
Published: March 2010

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PRODUCTION OF APPLE PLANTLETS FROM AXILLARY-BUD MERISTEMS
Authors: WALKEY D. G.
Published: March 2010

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