bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The combined effect of policy changes and the covid-19 pandemic on the same day discharge and complications following total hip arthroplasty: a nationwide analysis
Authors: Gordon Adam M. , Magruder Matthew L. , Ng Mitchell K. , Sheth Bhavya K. , Conway Charles A. , Hang Jason Wong Che
Published: August 2022

Introduction

As a result of the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2020, elective surgeries, including total joint arthroplasty (TJA), were suspended nationwide. Concurrent removal of total hip arthroplasty (THA) from the Medicare inpatient-only list posed challenges to the delivery of quality patient care with low payor cost. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare temporal trends in patient demographics, case volumes, length of stay, and complications following elective THA in the years 2019 to 2020 in the United States.

Methods

The 2019 to 2020 ACS-NSQIP database was queried for elective THA patients. Patients Pre-COVID (2019 and 2020Q1) were compared with post-COVID (2020Q2-Q4). THA utilization, demographics, 30-day complications, and length of stay (LOS) were compared between years. Linear regression evaluated changes in case volumes over time with significance threshold ofP < 0.05.

Results

A total of 77,797 patients underwent elective THA in 2019 (n = 43,667) and 2020 (n = 34,130), resulting in a 24.5% decline. Outpatient THA increased in 2020 (35.6%)vs. 2019 (5.7%) (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the volume of cases in 2019Q1 through 2019Q4 (P = 0.984). Elective THA volumes declined by 68.8% in 2020Q2, returned to pre-pandemic baseline in 2020Q3, before leveling off at 81.5% of baseline in Q4. Average LOS was significantly shorter in 2020 (1.55 days)vs. 2019 (1.78 days) (P < 0.001) and the proportion of same day discharge (SDD) increased quarterly from 2019 to 2020. There was no significant difference in the total complication rates in 2019 (6.6%)vs. 2020 (6.6%) (P = 0.831).

Discussion

Elective THA precipitously declined during the second quarter of 2020. The combined effect of policy changes and the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a seven-fold increase in the number of surgeries performed in the outpatient setting in 2020. Rates of SDD doubled over the study period, despite no change in complication rates.
Viscoacoustic wave simulation with the lattice Boltzmann method
Authors: Xia Muming , Zhou Hui , Jiang Chuntao , Tang Jinxuan , Wang Canyun , Yang Changchun
Published: August 2022

The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), widely used in computational fluid mechanics, is introduced as a novel mesoscopic numerical scheme for viscoacoustic wavefield simulation. Through mathematical derivation, a mapping model between the relaxation time of LBM and the quality factor based on the Kelvin-Voigt model is established, which provides a theoretical background for the comparison of the viscoacoustic wavefields obtained, respectively, by LBM and finite-difference method (FDM) formulated on the traditional wave equation. By defining the transmission and reflection coefficients and adopting a Newton interpolation algorithm to modify the streaming process of the LBM, we have extended the conventional LBM to simulate the wavefields in complex media with acceptable accuracy. A 2D homogeneous model, two 2D layered models, and the modified Marmousi model are tested in the numerical simulation experiments. The simulation results of LBM are comparable to those of FDM, and the relative errors are all within a reasonable range, which can verify the effectiveness of the forward modeling kernel. The modified LBM offers a new numerical scheme in seismology to simulate viscoacoustic wave propagation in complex media and even in porous media considering its flexible boundary condition and high discrete characteristic.
Seismic characterization of in situ stress in orthorhombic shale reservoirs using anisotropic extended elastic impedance inversion
Authors: Li Lin , Guo Yanmin , Zhang Guangzhi , Pan Xinpeng , Zhang Jiajia , Lin Ying
Published: August 2022

Seismic characterization of anisotropic in situ stress is of great importance in improving the success of planning drilling and hydraulic fracturing treatment. Shales generally exhibit orthorhombic elastic symmetry due to the presence of vertical fractures and horizontal fine layering. We propose a novel anisotropic extended elastic impedance (AEEI) inversion approach for in situ stress estimates in shale gas reservoirs with weakly orthorhombic symmetry. Considering an orthorhombic model formed by a system of aligned vertical fractures embedded in a vertical transverse isotropic (VTI) background rock, we first derive the in situ stress expression by combining poroelastic Hooke’s law and linear slip theory. Next, we deduce a linearized PP-wave reflection coefficient as a function of fluid bulk modulus, vertical effective stress-sensitive parameter, dry-rock P- and S-wave moduli, density, dry normal and tangential weaknesses of the VTI background, and dry normal and tangential weaknesses of vertical fractures. To estimate in situ stress from the observed seismic data, we derive the AEEI and Fourier coefficients (FCs) expression and establish a three-step AEEI inversion workflow involving (1) Bayesian seismic inversion for intercept impedance, gradient impedance, and curvature impedance estimates; (2) estimating model parameters using the FCs of AEEI; and (3) estimating in situ stress using the inverted model parameters. The synthetic examples demonstrate that in situ stress can be reliably estimated even with moderate noise. Test on a real data set implies that the proposed method can generate reasonable results of in situ stress that are helpful for optimizing the horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracture stimulations of shale gas reservoirs.
Unsupervised contrastive learning for seismic facies characterization
Authors: Li Jintao , Wu Xinming , Ye Yueming , Yang Cun , Hu Zhanxuan , Sun Xiaoming , Zhao Tao
Published: August 2022

Seismic facies characterization plays a key role in hydrocarbon exploration and development. The existing unsupervised methods are mostly waveform-based and involve multiple steps. We have developed a method to leverage unsupervised contrastive learning to automatically analyze seismic facies. To obtain a stable result, we use 3D seismic cubes instead of seismic traces or their variants as inputs of networks to improve lateral consistency. In addition, we treat seismic attributes as geologic constraints and feed them into the network along with the seismic cubes. These different seismic and multiattribute cubes from the same position are regarded as positive pairs and the cubes from a different position are treated as negative pairs. A contrastive learning framework is used to maximize the similarities of positive pairs and minimize the similarities of negative pairs. In this way, we can enforce the samples with similar features to get close while pushing the samples with different features to be separated in the space where we make the seismic facies clustering. This contrastive learning framework is a one-stage, end-to-end, and unsupervised fashion without any manual labels. We have determined the effectiveness of this method by using it to a turbidite channel system in the Canterbury Basin, offshore New Zealand. The obtained facies map is continuous, resulting in a stable and reliable classification.
Autonomous time-lapse electrical imaging for real-time management of subsurface systems
Authors: Johnson Tim , Strickland Chris , Thomle Jon , Day-Lewis Fred , Versteeg Roelof
Published: August 2022

Time-lapse electrical imaging has been used for diverse scientific and engineering problems to monitor changes in the subsurface associated with fluid injections, fluid flow, solute transport, phase changes, and other physical and chemical processes. The burgeoning applications of time-lapse electrical imaging underscore its potential to provide valuable, qualitative insight to support development of conceptual models of subsurface frameworks and processes. Advances in electrical geophysical instrumentation and data analysis over the last approximately 25 years allow for long-term, continuous monitoring. We posit that the next step in the evolution of time-lapse electrical imaging is autonomous, real-time monitoring, which has potential to support real-time management decisions and feedback control of subsurface systems. We present (1) a framework for autonomous, real-time electrical imaging and (2) demonstrations of real-time electrical imaging for aquifer remediation monitoring. Two case studies are presented: (1) vadose-zone desiccation and (2) polyphosphate injections to sequester radionuclide contamination.
Multisensory Stimulation Improves Cognition and Behavior in Adult Male Rats Born to LT4-treated Thyroidectomized Dams
Authors: Batistuzzo Alice , de Almeida Guilherme G , Brás Tayna S , Zucato Victoria P , Arnold Alexandre J T , Giannocco Gisele , Sato Juliana M , Yamanouchi Laís M , Dias Eduardo , Lorena Fernanda B , do Nascimento Bruna P P , Bianco Antonio C , Ribeiro Miriam O
Published: August 2022

Gestational hypothyroidism can impair development, cognition, and mood. Here, we tested whether multisensory stimulation (MS) improves the phenotype of rats born to surgically thyroidectomized (Tx) dams suboptimally treated with LT4. 8-week-old female Tx Wistar rats were kept on daily LT4 (0.7 µg/100 g body weight) dosed by gavage (serum TSH and T4 levels indicated moderate hypothyroidism) and 3 weeks later placed for breeding. MS of the litter started at age 60 days and lasted for 8 weeks. It consisted of twice per week of physical, cognitive, sensorial, and food stimuli. The offspring were assessed before and after MS for standardized tests of locomotor activity, cognition, and mood. Gestational hypothyroidism resulted in reduced litter size and increased offspring mortality. The pups exhibited delayed physical development, impairment of short- and long-term memory, and anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors. Nonetheless, ambulatory activity, social memory, and social preference were not affected by gestational hypothyroidism. MS restored short-term memory and anxiety while improving depressive like-behaviors. MS did not improve long-term memory. MS also did not modify the performance of control litter born to intact dams. We conclude that cognition and mood impairments caused by moderate gestational hypothyroidism were reversed or minimized in rats through MS. Further studies should define the molecular mechanisms involved.
High-resolution ultrasound and speckle tracking: a non-invasive approach to assess in vivo gastrointestinal motility during development
Authors: Sicard Pierre , Falco Amandine , Faure Sandrine , Thireau Jérome , Lindsey Stéphanie E. , Chauvet Norbert , de Santa Barbara Pascal
Published: August 2022

Gastrointestinal motor activity has been extensively studied in adults; however, only few studies have investigated fetal motor skills. It is unknown when the gastrointestinal tract starts to contract during the embryonic period and how this function evolves during development. Here, we adapted a non-invasive high-resolution echography technique combined with speckle tracking analysis to examine the gastrointestinal tract motor activity dynamics during chick embryo development. We provided the first recordings of fetal gastrointestinal motility in living embryos without anesthesia. We found that, although gastrointestinal contractions appear very early during development, they become synchronized only at the end of the fetal period. To validate this approach, we used various pharmacological inhibitors and BAPX1 gene overexpression in vivo. We found that the enteric nervous system determines the onset of the synchronized contractions in the stomach. Moreover, alteration of smooth muscle fiber organization led to an impairment of this functional activity. Altogether, our findings show that non-invasive high-resolution echography and speckle tracking analysis allows visualization and quantification of gastrointestinal motility during development and highlight the progressive acquisition of functional and coordinated gastrointestinal motility before birth.
Standardisation of the Social Responsibility System as a Tool for Business Sustainability
Authors: Majerník Milan , Štofková Jana , Malega Peter , Barilová Barbara
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The purpose of the research is to design an innovative model for implementing the integrated corporate social responsibility management system based on the progressive, internationally recognised ISO standards.
Methodology/Approach: This paper analyses the development, current state and trends in implementing the corporate social responsibility system, emphasising the applied approaches and models in the context of possibilities and barriers to their implementation and acceptance in the global markets.
Findings: New market conditions in the global markets within sustainable development require the certification of quality management systems. From this point of view, the integration of management systems is vital, and it brings synergetic effects. Developing the future concept for corporate social responsibility management and sustainability is inevitable.
Research Limitation/Implication: In the meantime, there is no ISO standard as the model for management and the system of social responsibility in the integrated system. The issue is still poorly formalised, developed and appreciated in social practice. The newly revised ISO standards with a 10-element HLS structure and their development and constant addition provide space for the innovative modelling of the social responsibility system in integration with the management of other aspects of the organisation.
Originality/Value of paper: The paper is original due to its focus on the implementation of the social responsibility system in accordance with the latest and newly revised ISO standards in the integrated system form.
Closed-Loop Quality Management Systems: Are Czech Companies Ready?
Authors: Vykydal David , Nenadál Jaroslav
Published: August 2022

Purpose: The paper brings set of original information related to the next quality management systems development with regard to digitalisation and other features of new era. It proposes basic structure of closed-loop quality management systems (CLQMS) as a mixture of internal, external, horizontal and vertical loops.
Methodology/Approach: Comparative literature analysis, standards’ analysis, brainstorming, field research, interviews and design review were used.
Findings: Information flows are counted as vital part of all advanced closed-loop quality management systems. Authors established definition of CLQMS. 209 of various requirements related to information exchange were discovered through study of ISO 9001:2015, IATF 16949:2016 and EFQM Model, version 2020. These requirements should create a basic platform for CLQMS establishing and development. Authors performed an empirical field research which. Confirmed that current readiness of Czech production companies for CLQMS implementation is insufficient, despite the automotive sector reaches a higher level of such readiness.
Research Limitation/Implication: The field research was performed in time span accompanied by stern measures caused by COVID-19. The only English language literature resources were considered for a literature review.
Originality/Value of paper: The paper brings original set of information, regarding to definition of the CLQMS, findings from special field research.
Who, if anyone, may benefit from a total hip arthroplasty after a displaced femoral neck fracture?
Authors: Frihagen Frede , Comeau-Gauthier Marianne , Axelrod Daniel , Bzovsky Sofia , Poolman Rudolf , Heels-Ansdell Diane , Bhandari Mohit , Sprague Sheila , Schemitsch Emil ,   on behalf of the HEALTH Investigators
Published: August 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to explore the functional results in a fitter subgroup of participants in the Hip Fracture Evaluation with Alternatives of Total Hip Arthroplasty versus Hemiarthroplasty (HEALTH) trial to determine whether there was an advantage of total hip arthroplasty (THA) versus hemiarthroplasty (HA) in this population.

Methods

We performed a post hoc exploratory analysis of a fitter cohort of patients from the HEALTH trial. Participants were aged over 50 years and had sustained a low-energy displaced femoral neck fracture (FNF). The fittest participant cohort was defined as participants aged 70 years or younger, classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists grade I or II, independent walkers prior to fracture, and living at home prior to fracture. Multilevel models were used to estimate the effect of THA versus HA on functional outcomes. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of the definition of the fittest participant cohort was performed.

Results

There were 143 patients included in the fittest cohort. Mean age was 66 years (SD 4.5) and 103 were female (72%). No clinically relevant differences were found between the treatment groups in the primary and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

This analysis found no differences in functional outcomes between HA and THA within two years of displaced low-energy FNF in a subgroup analysis of the fittest HEALTH patients. These findings suggest that very few patients above 50 years of age benefit in a clinically meaningful way from a THA versus a HA early after injury. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(8):611–617.
Estimation of population parameters and fishery status of spotted scat, Scatophagus argus (Scatophagidae) in Pabean Bay, Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia
Authors: Manangkalangi Emmanuel , Pertami I Nyoman Dati , Asriansyah Aries , Aditriawan Reiza Maulana , Sala Ridwan , Rahardjo Muhammad Fadjar
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Manangkalangi E, Pertami ND, Asriansyah A, Aditriawan RM, Sala R, Rahardjo MF. 2022. Estimation of population parameters and fishery status of spotted scat, Scatophagus argus (Scatophagidae) in Pabean Bay, Indramayu, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3480-3487. Pabean Bay is a fishing ground for various types of estuarine fish, including spotted scat, Scatophagus argus. This study aims to describe this type of fish population and its level of exploitation by using length-frequency distribution data for one year (January to December 2015). Fish samples were obtained from the catch of fishers using sero fishing gear and gill nets. Analysis of first caught size, growth parameters, mortality, recruitment pattern, and fishery status used FiSAT II program and some empirical formulas. The results of this study indicate that the length of the first time caught (Lc) is 100.195 mm and is smaller than the size of the first maturity (Lm). The asymptotic length (L?) and growth coefficient (K) were 191.65 mm and 0.18 year-1. Recruitment took place throughout the year with a peak in two periods (February-March and August-September). Total mortality, natural mortality, and catch mortality were 0.84 year-1, 0.37 year-1, and 0.47 year-1.The exploitation rate (E) of this fish was 0.56 year-1. The condition of this fish resource showed slow growth and was indicated to experience overfishing conditions. This information is expected to be considered, especially the use of sero and gillnet fishing gears with small mesh sizes and the frequency of catching it so that the fishing activities will not negatively impact the sustainability of this fish resource in the area.
Tree species used for fuelwood by remote indigenous communities in West Papua, Indonesia: Implication of empowerment program
Authors: INDOW LASARUS , MATURBONGS RUDI A. , PRABAWARDANI SARASWATI , HENDRI HENDRI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Indow L, Maturbongs RA, Prabawardani S, Hendri. 2022. Tree species used for fuelwood by remote indigenous communities in West Papua, Indonesia: Implication of empowerment program. Biodiversitas 23: 3507-3512. Fuelwood still contributes as an essential energy source for domestic uses especially in rural communities including in West Papua, Indonesia. While several development programs are implemented to enhance the life quality of rural indigenous communities, their implication for fuelwood use is not clear. This study aimed to identify fuelwood tree species used by communities in three villages in West Papua and to, assess its availability prior to the empowerment program and compare it to nowadays after the program based on the community's perspective. A descriptive method with qualitative and quantitative data components was used in this study. Data were collected at predetermined villages representing three ecological zones (i.e., Sakumi, Jamboi and Watitindau) using purposive sampling and semi-structured interviews with community representatives, tribal chiefs and leaders. The results showed that there were 5-7 plant species used as fuelwood, namely Piper aduncum, Casuarina equisetifolia, Rhizophora sp., Gliricidia sepium, Intsia bijuga, Pometia pinnata, Dodonaea viscosa, Homalium foetidum, Syzygium sp. and Muntingia calabura. These all-wood species have a good flame. Some high commercial tree species such as I. bijuga, P. pinnata and H. foetidum are only used in their branches and twigs for firewood. The local communities still use firewood despite the empowerment program since alternative fuel sources are not available or lacking, while the availability of firewood is plentiful. Nonetheless, in the long run, the continuous and extensive use of firewood will put pressure on the remaining trees and forest. Therefore, we recommend sustainably using firewood and replanting several species frequently used as firewood.
Evaluation of the effect of various nutritional and environmental factors on biosurfactant production by Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: ALYOUSIF NASSIR ABDULLAH , AL-TAMIMI WIJDAN H. , AL-SAHIB MOAYED A. ABD
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Alyousif NA, Al-Tamimi WH, Al-sahib MAA. 2022. Evaluation of the effect of various nutritional and environmental factors on biosurfactant production by Staphylococcus epidermidis. Biodiversitas 23: 3533-3538. Biosurfactants are biological surface-active compounds synthesized mainly by hydrocarbon-utilizing bacteria. The properties of biosurfactants make them promising compounds for the application in various fields. The current study evaluated the effect of various nutritional and environmental factors on biosurfactants produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis. This bacterium, for first time in world was isolated from oilfield reservoir in the current study and identified by 16S rDNA sequencing and considered biosurfactant producer according to screening tests. Several factors were evaluated in the current study to assess the optimal conditions for producing the biosurfactant. The results demonstrated that the best carbon source was olive oil with 2% concentration and glutamic acid was the best nitrogen source with 0.2% concentration. The study demonstrated that the best biosurfactant production was recorded at incubation time of 5 days with a 3% inoculum size. Further study is required to determine the chemical structure of produced biosurfactants and to evaluate the potential application of biosurfactants in various fields, therefore constituting a stimulus for future studies.
The potential of medicinal plants from heath forest: Local knowledge from Kelubi Village, Belitung Island, Indonesia
Authors: OKTAVIA DINA , PRATIWI SANTI DWI , MUNAWAROH SITI , HIKMAT AGUS , HILWAN IWAN
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Oktavia D, Pratiwi SD, Munawaroh S, Hikmat A, Hilwan I. 2022. The potential of medicinal plants from heath forest: Local knowledge from Kelubi Village, Belitung Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3553-3560. The heath forest ecosystem is home to hundreds of species in Belitung Island and is home to medicinal plant resources. The Belitung people prefer to use medicinal plants due to their easy availability and cheap therapy, compared to costly modern pharmaceuticals. In this study, we investigated the potential of medicinal plants from heath forests according to the local knowledge of the Belitung Malay community. This study was conducted in Kelubi Village, Belitung Island, Indonesia. Data and information related to medicinal plant properties were obtained through interviews with local people using an in-depth interview technique. We documented 86 species belonging to 48 families. The medicinal plants are classified into 48 families. The most abundant families are Rubiaceae (8 species), and Myrtaceae (8 species). Many species from the Myrtaceae family are used as medicinal species, such as, jemang (Rhodamnia cinerea), gelam (Melaleuca leucadendra), keremuntingan (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa), and sekudong pelandok (Syzygium buxifolium). The percentages of medicinal plant diversity based on habitus were 45% trees, 21% woody lianas, 13% small trees, 13% herbs, and 8% lianas. We also found that 23 species of medicinal plants were used as herbs after childbirth, and 10 species of plants were used to treat fever. Belitung Malay people use plants for traditional medicine to solve some diseases and therapy. We suggest that conservation efforts for the heath forest ecosystem should be a priority for the sustainable use of medicinal plants on Belitung Island.
Edamame protein hydrolysis using Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus paracasei produce short peptides with higher antioxidant potential
Authors: ANGGRAENI SITI LUTFIAH , JAYUS JAY , RATNADEWI ANAK AGUNG ISTRI , NURHAYATI NURHAYATI
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Anggraeni SL, Jayus J, Ratnadewi AAI, Nurhayati N. 2022. Edamame protein hydrolysis using Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus paracasei produce short peptides with higher antioxidant potential. Biodiversitas 23: 3604-3613. The high demand for protein sources for functional vegetable foods, especially proteins that have ACE (Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme) inhibitory activity has encouraged efforts to meet this need through exploration of potential protein sources and the development of food processing technology to modify the protein into derivative compounds in the form of short peptides to promote higher bioactivity than the native protein. This research focused on the hydrolysis of edamame proteins into shorter peptides through a fermentation process using a group of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LABs), that is Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and L. paracasei, to gain a higher functional activity of its protein hydrolysate. Edamame milk was fermented with that LABs as starter culture until 24 hours at 37ºC. The activity of the protease released by the LABs was confirmed using the agar diffusion method based on the emergence of a clear zone surrounding the culture, while the antioxidant activity was confirmed with the ABTS and hydroxyl radical scavenging methods. The results exhibited that the population density of starter culture in edamame milk reached 108 CFU/mL, and the pH decreased from 6.75 to 4.15. All LABs used in fermentation were able to hydrolyze protein as indicated by the increasing degree of hydrolysis and changes in protein profile of SDS-PAGE analysis. In addition, when compared to the unfermented edamame milk, the protein hydrolysate from LABs fermentation showed an increase of ABTS and hydroxyl radical inhibitory activity, in which the highest IC50 values ??of 8.96 and 13.33 g/mL of each were found in edamame milk fermented by Lc. lactis InaCC B187. An increase in ACE inhibitory activity was also observed in edamame milk fermented using this microbe (9.80 g/µL). These findings indicate that Lc. lactis InaCC B187, L. delbrueckii subspecies bulgaricus FNCC41, and L. paracasei InaCC B145 have the potency as an effective starter culture to increase bioactive peptides in edamame soybeans potential for functional food sources.
The feeding behavior of dairy cattle under tropical heat stress conditions at smallholder urban farming
Authors: Despal Despal , Faresty Claudia , Zahera Rika , Toharmat Toto
Published: August 2022

Abstract. Despal, Faresty C, Zahera R, Toharmat R. 2022. Title The feeding behavior of dairy cattle under tropical heat stress conditions at smallholder urban farming. Biodiversitas 23: 3771-3777. Dairy cattle (Bos taurus) feeding behavior influences feed intake and affect animal welfare and disease management. This study observed dairy cattle feeding behaviors under tropical smallholder urban farming environments. Thirty-six cattle at the Kebon Pedes area of Bogor City were observed during 12 h feeding (6 am-6 pm). These traits included eating, ruminating, resting duration, and frequencies, measured using a continuous method. Temperature, humidity, temperature-humidity index (THI), feed and nutrient intake, milk production, and components were measured. The results showed that the cattle were in mild to severe heat stress. The average cow daily eating, ruminating, and resting frequencies were 6.61, 7.61, and 22.33 times, while the average eating, ruminating, and resting durations per cow per 12 h were 129.64, 105.67, and 484.69 minutes, respectively. The dry matter intake was 11.17 kg with a roughage to concentrate ratio of 0.73:1. The protein, ash, ether extract, and crude fiber intake were 10.25, 6.62, 3.67, and 22.08% DM, respectively. The average milk productions and fat contents were 11.01 L/head/d and 5.44%. The results showed that eating and ruminating levels correlated positively with feed, and CF intakes while resting correlated negatively. It was concluded that the cattle were in heat-stressed (THI of >78) condition, reduced DM intake, and deficient in energy and CP, which led to lower milk production but higher milk components, specifically milk fat. It is recommended to improve forage quality that promotes eating and ruminating and reduces resting durations, improving milk production.
‘What I really want is academics who want to partner and who care about the outcome’: findings from a mixed-methods study of evidence use in local government in England
Authors: Cheetham Mandy , Redgate Sam , van der Graaf Peter , Humble Clare , Hunter David , Adamson Ashley
Published: August 2022

Background:

Local government (LG) is ideally placed to influence the determinants of public health (PH) and reduce inequalities, but opportunities are routinely missed.

Aims and objectives:

The aim of the Local Authority Champions of Research (LACoR) study was to explore ways to embed a culture of evidence use in LG.

Methods:

Five linked work packages were undertaken using mixed methods. In this paper, we report data from semi-structured interviews with UK local authority (LA) staff (n=14).

Findings:

Findings show a changing culture of LG: embedded researchers can enhance connectivity and interaction, build linkages, use levers of influence, and learn alongside LG navigators. Understanding the diverse microcultures of evidence use in LG is critical. Research champions can help to navigate the social, financial, political and regulatory context of LG and academia, influencing change dynamically as opportunities emerge.

Discussion:

Changing organisational subcultures is ambitious and unpredictable given the complexities of, and variability in, local contexts. Cumulative changes appear possible by recognising existing assets, using relational approaches to respond to LG priorities. In-house capacity remains underestimated and underutilised in efforts to embed evidence use in LG decision making. Co-located embedded researchers can use contextually specific knowledge and relationships to enhance evidence use in LG in collaboration with system navigators.

Conclusions:

There is a need for academics to adapt their approach, to take account of the context of LG to achieve meaningful health and social impacts with LG and test the contribution of embedded approaches to wider system change.
Cutting through the noise during crisis by enhancing the relevance of research to policymakers
Authors: Scott Taylor , Pugel Jessica , Fernandes Mary , Cruz Katherine , Long Elizabeth C. , Giray Cagla , Storace Rachel , Crowley D. Max
Published: August 2022

Background:

It is widely recognised that policymakers use research deemed relevant, yet little is understood about ways to enhance perceived relevance of research evidence. Observing policymakers’ access of research online provides a pragmatic way to investigate predictors of relevance.

Aims and objectives:

This study investigates a range of relevance indicators including committee assignments, public statements, issue prevalence, or the policymaker’s name or district.

Methods:

In a series of four rapid-cycle randomised control trials (RCTs), the present work systematically explores science communication strategies by studying indicators of perceived relevance. State legislators, state staffers, and federal staffers were emailed fact sheets on issues of COVID (Trial 1, N = 3403), exploitation (Trial 2, N = 6846), police violence (Trial 3, N = 3488), and domestic violence (Trial 4, N = 3888).

Findings:

Across these trials, personalising the subject line to the legislator’s name or district and targeting recipients based on committee assignment consistently improved engagement. Mentions of subject matter in public statements was inconsistently associated, and state-level prevalence of the issue was largely not associated with email engagement behaviour.

Discussion and conclusions:

Together, these results indicate a benefit of targeting legislators based on committee assignments and of personalising the subject line with legislator information. This work further operationalises practical indicators of personal relevance and demonstrates a novel method of how to test science communication strategies among policymakers. Building enduring capacity for testing science communication will improve tactics to cut through the noise during times of political crisis.
Contested gender mainstreaming in the European Parliament: political groups and committees as gatekeepers
Authors: Elomäki Anna , Ahrens Petra
Published: August 2022

This article analyses the implementation of gender mainstreaming in the European Parliament and aims at deciphering the role of its committees and political groups in advancing or hindering the integration of gender perspectives. The article engages with feminist institutionalism and micro-political approaches, and is based on interview and documentary data. It examines how formal and informal institutions and micro-political strategies within committees and political groups affect the abilities of this representative European Union institution to ensure a gender perspective is present in European Union policies. We suggest that although the Committee on Women’s Rights and Gender Equality (the gender-focused parliamentary body) oversees gender mainstreaming, committees and political groups, as the core actors of European Parliament policymaking, are the gatekeepers that determine the outcomes. Our findings advance understandings of the limits of gender mainstreaming in European Union policymaking and shed light on the specific challenges of gender mainstreaming and broader gender equality change in parliaments.
Lower threshold current density of GaN-based blue laser diodes by suppressing the nonradiative recombination in a multiple quantum well
Authors: Liang Feng , Zhao Degang , Liu Zongshun , Chen Ping , Yang Jing
Published: August 2022

The influence of the nonradiative recombination in a multiple quantum well of GaN-based blue laser diodes (LDs) has been are studied experimentally and theoretically by analyzing the optical and electrical properties of LDs with various thickness and indium content of quantum wells (QWs). It is found that when keeping the LD emission wavelength nearly unchanged, the LD device performance with thinner QW and higher indium content of InGaN QWs is much better than the LD with thicker QW and lower indium content, having smaller threshold current density, higher output optical power and larger slope efficiency. Typically, the threshold current density is as low as 0.69 kA/cm2, and the corresponding threshold current is only 250 mA. The lifetime is more than 10,000 hours at a fixed injection current of 1.2 A under a room-temperature continuous-wave operation. Characteristics of photoluminescence (PL) microscopy images, temperature dependent PL spectra, time-resolved PL and electroluminescence spectra demonstrate that a reduction of the nonradiative recombination centers and an improvement of homogeneity in QWs are the main reason for the performance improvement of GaN-based LD using thinner QW layers with a higher indium content in a certain range. Moreover, theoretical calculation results demonstrate that using a thinner quantum well is also helpful for improving the device performance if the change of alloy material quality is considered during the calculation.
High power and efficient operation of a Ho:Y2O3 ceramic laser with over 210 W of output power at 2.1 µm
Authors: Ren Chuanyong , Huang Weiwei , Xie Hangbin , Wang Fei , Shen Deyuan , Wang Jun , Zhu Heyuan , Tang Dingyuan
Published: August 2022

We report on power scaling and efficient operation of a Ho:Y2O3 ceramic laser at 2.1 µm in-band pumped with an incoherently beam combined high power and narrow-linewidth Tm fiber source at 1931.2 nm. The 0.5 at.% Ho3+ doped Ho:Y2O3 ceramic is fabricated in-house with scattering loss of < 0.25% cm−1. Up to 210.5 W of continuous-wave output power has been generated at 2117 nm for 366 W absorbed pump power shaped with a one-dimensional top-hat profile, corresponding to a slope efficiency of 60.0% with respect to the absorbed pump power. A slope efficiency of 67.5% has been demonstrated with 160 W of output power using a circular beam pump configuration. Results presented in this work verify the superior power scaling capability of a Ho:Y2O3 ceramic laser with high efficiency at ∼2.1 µm.
Hybrid metasurface-based broadband high gain stealth antenna
Authors: Wang Zanyang , Wang Guangming , Cui Xingshuo , Bai Hao
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a novel hybrid metasurface (HMS) is proposed for reducing antenna RCS and maintaining the gain of the antenna. The HMS consists of a polarization-selective absorbing surface (PSAS) and an asymmetric transmission metasurface (ATMS). PSAS can absorb the in-band and out-of-band x-polarized waves, while completely transmitting y-polarized waves. The out-of-band y-polarized waves transmitting the PSAS is reflected by the ATMS with 90° polarization rotation when the ATMS is located under the PSAS, and the reflected wave is absorbed by the PSAS. The in-band y-polarized wave passing through the PSAS can completely pass through the ATMS and the antenna array. Thus the RCS reduction of the antenna can be achieved. Based on antenna reciprocity principle, the in-band y-polarized wave radiated by the metasurface lens antenna can completely pass through the HMS. The measurement results show that the antenna RCS is significantly reduced for x-polarized and y-polarized incident waves in 8∼18 GHz. The 3 dB gain relative bandwidth of stealth antenna is 40% (8∼12 GHz). The realized gain of the antenna at the center frequency reaches 26.3 dB. It is noteworthy that the stealth antenna balances both radiation performance and scattering performance, which makes it have the merits of high gain and excellent stealth performance simultaneously.
Temperature-insensitive optical sensors based on two cascaded identical microring resonators
Authors: Su Guoshuai , Li Mingyu , Yang Zhiping , Xie Jiayi , Song Yuxia , He Jian-Jun
Published: August 2022

We demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, temperature-insensitive optical sensor based on two cascaded identical microring resonators (CIMRR) in this Letter. The structural parameters of the reference ring and sensing ring are designed to be identical. The upper cladding in the sensing windows of the two rings is removed. With different microfluidic channels, the reference ring and sensing ring are exposed to the reference solution and reagent sample, respectively. For wavelength interrogation experiments in the transmission spectrum contrast ratio and low-cost intensity interrogation experiments, the sensitivities of refractive index (RI) sensing are 3402.4 dB/RIU and 1087.3 dB/RIU, respectively, while the temperature sensitivities are as low as 0.023 dB/K and 0.0124 dB/K, respectively.
All-dielectric metasurface for polarization-selective full-space complex amplitude modulations
Authors: Zheng Chenglong , Li Hui , Li Jie , Li Jitao , Yue Zhen , Yang Fan , Zhang Yating , Yao Jianquan
Published: August 2022

Metasurfaces have exhibited powerful capabilities in the modulation of electromagnetic waves. Here, we demonstrate the polarization-selective full-space complex amplitude modulations of incident electromagnetic waves using all-dielectric metasurfaces. This is done via ingeniously designed subwavelength-scale super-pixels. As a proof of concept, we design two metasurfaces working in transmission and reflection spaces: one generates two independent vortex beams and the other generates two pairs of foci of arbitrary intensity ratios. The proposed full-space complex amplitude modulation provides more choices for the manipulation of electromagnetic waves.
Parallel arrayed waveguide grating for wavelength-mode hybrid multiplexing
Authors: Wei Zepeng , Kong Aru , Hu Jingbo , Lei Ting , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: August 2022

The combination of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and mode division multiplexing (MDM) will increase the optical communication capacity significantly. In this configuration, we need multiple WDM devices serving as the inputs of the MDM device to excite modes at all the wavelengths. However, there is still no demonstration of integrated parallel WDM devices specifically designed for wavelength-mode hybrid multiplexing. Here, we propose and demonstrate a single 2 × 8 arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) for the multiplexing of 2 linearly polarized (LP) modes at 4 wavelengths with an MDM device. This parallel AWG concept can be further extended to support more wavelengths and introduce more spatial modes for high-capacity data transmission.
GeSn resonance cavity enhanced photodetector with gold bottom reflector for the L band optical communication
Authors: Li Mingming , Zheng Jun , Liu Xiangquan , Niu Chaoqun , Zhu Yupeng , Pang Yaqing , Liu Zhi , Yang Yazhou , Zuo Yuhua , Cheng Buwen
Published: August 2022

In this work, GeSn resonant cavity enhanced (RCE) p–i–n photodetectors (PDs) with 3.7% Sn content in a GeSn layer were fabricated on a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate. The gold (Au) layer and the deposited SiO2 layer constitute the bottom reflector and top reflector of the RCE detectors, respectively. The GeSn RCE PD has three resonant peaks and its responsivity is improved about 4.5 times at 1630 nm, compared with GeSn PDs without a gold bottom mirror. The cutoff wavelength of GeSn RCE PDs is up to 1820 nm, while it is only 1730 nm for GeSn PDs without a gold reflector. The responsivity of RCE PDs at 1630 nm reaches 0.126 A/W and 3‐dB bandwidth at about 36 GHz is achieved. These results indicate that the RCE structure is an effective approach for enhancing the GeSn PD performance operated at the L band.
High-bandwidth thermo-optic phase shifters for lithium niobate-on-insulator photonic integrated circuits
Authors: Maeder Andreas , Kaufmann Fabian , Pohl David , Kellner Jost , Grange Rachel
Published: August 2022

Phase shifters are key components of large-scale photonic integrated circuits. For the lithium niobate-on-insulator (LNOI) platform, thermo-optic phase shifters (TOPS) have emerged as a more stable and compact alternative to common electro-optic phase shifters (EOPSs), which are prone to anomalous behavior and drifting at low frequencies. Here, we model and experimentally characterize the influence of geometry on the performance of metal strip TOPSs. Compared to EOPSs, a 10-fold reduction of the voltage-length product is measured and bandwidths beyond 100 kHz are demonstrated, while keeping the footprint as low as

0.04
 

mm

2

. This shows the potential of TOPSs as small-scale building blocks for stable tuning and switching in LNOI photonic circuits.
Plasmonic nano-focusing enhancement of nano-rhombus-shaped resonators in the sub-diffraction limit for highly efficient lightwave collection
Authors: Hu Chai , Liu Taige , Liu Kewei , Shi JIashuo , Ye Mao , Wang Zhe , Zhang Xinyu
Published: August 2022

A kind of optical metasurface composed of arrayed nano-rhombus-shaped resonators is proposed. The metasurface as an arrayed optical antenna for highly efficient collecting incident lightwaves, can be utilized to perform light absorption and nano-focusing. The absorption peak can be modulated in a relatively broad spectral range only by adjusting the thickness of the functioned silver film coated. For the same thickness parameter, the key surface plasmons are effectively excited by incident lightwaves polarized along the short axis of the nano-rhombus can broaden the modulated spectral range compared to that along the long axis. Compared with a single nano-rhombus-aperture, a double nano-rhombus-shaped composite architecture (DNRCA) predicts a higher light absorption peak and a stronger near-field lightwave converging. The resonators present a dipole of resonant oscillation through compressing incident lightwaves into a resonant cavity with a very small gap, and then the net charges distribute over two opposite sidewalls of a single cavity. The coupling oscillation becomes stronger with the narrower air gap of the cavity. The achieved near-field light converging presents a typical focusing spot with a minimum size of ∼21 nm, which is one order of magnitude smaller than the incident wavelength of 633 nm, so as to greatly break the traditional diffraction limit.
The Rab GTPase activating protein TBC-2 regulates endosomal localization of DAF-16 FOXO and lifespan
Authors: Meraş İçten , Chotard Laëtitia , Liontis Thomas , Ratemi Zakaria , Wiles Benjamin , Seo Jung Hwa , Van Raamsdonk Jeremy M. , Rocheleau Christian E.
Published: August 2022

FOXO transcription factors have been shown to regulate longevity in model organisms and are associated with longevity in humans. To gain insight into how FOXO functions to increase lifespan, we examined the subcellular localization of DAF-16 inC.elegans. We show that DAF-16 is localized to endosomes and that this endosomal localization is increased by the insulin-IGF signaling (IIS) pathway. Endosomal localization of DAF-16 is modulated by endosomal trafficking proteins. Disruption of the Rab GTPase activating protein TBC-2 increases endosomal localization of DAF-16, while inhibition of TBC-2 targets, RAB-5 or RAB-7 GTPases, decreases endosomal localization of DAF-16. Importantly, the amount of DAF-16 that is localized to endosomes has functional consequences as increasing endosomal localization through mutations intbc-2reduced the lifespan of long-liveddaf-2 IGFRmutants, depleted their fat stores, and DAF-16 target gene expression. Overall, this work identifies endosomal localization as a mechanism regulating DAF-16 FOXO, which is important for its functions in metabolism and aging.