bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnóstico de los Servicios Ecosistémicos en la Reserva de la Biósfera El Triunfo, Chiapas, México
Authors: López Báez Walter , Palacios Herrera Byrom Gonzalo , Reynoso Santos Roberto
Published: February 2018

La Reserva de la Biósfera El Triunfo (REBITRI) está en riesgo por el desconocimiento e inadecuada valoración de los importantes servicios ecosistémicos (SE) que brinda; la falta de información sobre el particular limita el diseño de estrategias para su permanencia. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en diagnosticar la oferta, las amenazas y las estrategias de conservación de los SE que proporciona el lugar, a partir de una microcuenca representativa. Se desarrolló en cuatro etapas: recopilación de información disponible; caracterización de los SE a través de cinco talleres y 61 entrevistas con la participación de la población local; generación de imágenes de interés y, validación y retroalimentación de los resultados por los pobladores locales. Se identificaron ocho tipos de SE, entre los que destacan los alimentos, las fibras y los combustibles, así como la formación y retención de suelos. Los bosques (61 % del territorio) son prioritarios para el abastecimiento de SE. El incremento de la frontera agropecuaria, el crecimiento poblacional, las lluvias intensas e irregulares y los incentivos gubernamentales son las principales amenazas de estos ecosistemas. Entre las estrategias para garantizar el suministro de los SE destacan los pagos por servicios ambientales, acuerdos comunitarios e intercomunitarios para la preservación de los recursos, limitación de las quemas agropecuarias, prácticas de conservación de suelos cultivados, incremento del capital humano y social, además del mejoramiento de la eficiencia del uso agropecuario de la tierra.
Distribución potencial de Prosopis laevigata (Humb. et Bonpl. ex Willd) M. C. Johnston basada en un modelo de nicho ecológico
Authors: Palacios Romero Abraham , Rodríguez Laguna Rodrigo , Hernández Flores María de la Luz
Published: February 2018

Prosopis laevigata es una especie con amplia distribución en zonas áridas del norte y centro de México; desde el punto de vista ambiental es muy útil pues previene los procesos de desertificación y erosión por su alta capacidad de retención del suelo, de mejoramiento de la fertilidad y de estabilizar la salinidad. Es fuente de alimento y refugio para la fauna silvestre y produce diversos bienes para el ser humano, por lo que ha sido sobreexplotada desde hace décadas en el país; por lo tanto, es ya necesario determinar zonas potenciales para su establecimiento. Para ello, se trabajó con la distribución potencial de esta especie en tres provincias fisiográficas. Se recabaron datos espaciales de avistamientos registrados en la Red Mundial de Información sobre Biodiversidad (REMIB) y se seleccionó el modelo de nicho ecológico BIOCLIM, que fue aplicado en el programa DIVA-GIS ver. 7.5. Se le validó con un análisis de área bajo la curva (ROC) y el estimador Kappa. Los resultados sugieren que P. laevigata puede crecer de manera óptima en 15 % de las provincias (70 632.08 km2) y los factores más limitantes que enfrenta son la estacionalidad de precipitación (9.25 %) y la temperatura (11.43 %). Los análisis ROC y Kappa indican que el modelo utilizado tiene un excelente desempeño y una alta probabilidad de acierto (ROC = 0.973; Kappa = 0.915), por lo que estas fórmulas son adecuadas para determinar áreas potenciales para el desarrollo de la especie.
Composición lignocelulósica de Pinus ayacahuite Ehrenb. ex Schltdl., P. leiophylla Schlecht. & Cham. y P. herrerae Martínez
Authors: Honorato Salazar José Amador , Apolinar Hidalgo Flora , Colotl Hernández Gertrudis
Published: February 2018

En el municipio Pueblo Nuevo, Durango se produce la cuarta parte de la producción maderable estatal y 89 % se basa en 12 especies de Pinus; sin embargo, no existen estudios sobre la composición química de la madera de los pinos que se aprovechan. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la composición lignocelulósica y los contenidos de cenizas, extractos en etanol-benceno y en etanol de la madera de Pinus ayacahuite, P. leiophyla y P. herrerae, de acuerdo con los procedimientos de las normas TAPPI y ASTM. Se tomaron muestras al azar de cinco a seis árboles por especie, con cinco repeticiones por árbol para cada prueba. Se efectuaron pruebas de normalidad y homogeneidad de varianzas de los datos obtenidos y una comparación múltiple de medias (Bonferroni, α = 0.05) con el programa SAS. Con excepción del contenido de cenizas, los resultados mostraron que existen diferencias significativas entre especies (p < 0.05), para los valores promedio de los contenidos determinados. La madera de Pinus ayacahuite tiene altos contenidos de extractos en etanol-benceno y de lignina. La de P. herreae presenta valores menores, pero los de holocelulosa y celulosa son superiores. La madera de P. leiophylla tiene contenidos de holocelulosa, celulosa, hemicelulosas y cenizas más bajos. La lignina, hemicelulosas y celulosa de la madera de loss taxa estudiados apoya su uso como fuente de materia prima para la obtención de pulpa para papel y biocombustibles líquidos.
Organogénesis directa para la propagación in vitro de Quillaja saponaria Molina en Sudamérica Austral
Authors: Cob Uicab José Vidal , Ríos Leal Darcy , María Sabja Ana , Cartes Riquelme Priscila , Sánchez Olate Manuel
Published: February 2018

Quillaja saponaria es una especie arbórea endémica de cuatro países de América del Sur. De su corteza, se extraen saponinas, moléculas de importancia económica utilizadas con fines farmacéuticos, industriales y agronómicos. En el presente estudio se evaluó el efecto de componentes hormonales sobre la capacidad morfogénica de Q. saponaria, a partir de segmentos caulinares provenientes de árboles adultos. Se empleó el medio de cultivo Murashige y Skoog (MS) suplementado con nueve concentraciones de ácido indol 3-butírico (AIB) y 6-bencilaminopurina (BAP). Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar balanceado con cinco repeticiones; la unidad experimental fue un frasco de vidrio con cuatro explantes. El material se mantuvo en una cámara de crecimiento a 25±1 °C en el día y 22±1 °C en la noche, a una intensidad lumínica de 3000 lux y una humedad relativa de 60 %. Se determinaron efectos significativos (P = 0.01) de los tratamientos sobre las variables número de brotes y elongación caulinar. La prueba estadística de rangos múltiples de Duncan ratificó que los tratamientos con diferencias significativas fueron 1.0 mgL-1 de AIB y 2.0 mgL-1 de BAP, para número de brotes por explante y 1.5 mg L-1 de AIB y 0.5 mg L-1 de BAP para la elongación caulinar. El análisis histológico evidenció la proliferación de estructuras meristemáticas a partir de tejido subepidérmico. Estos resultados respaldan los cimientos científicos de la competencia morfogénica de árboles adultos como fuentes de germoplasma para la propagación clonal, clave en un programa de masificación de individuos elite.
Factores de proporción y ecuaciones de diámetro normal a partir del tocón para Pinus greggii Engelm
Authors: Hernández Ramos Jonathan Angel , García Cuevas Xavier , García Magaña José Jesús , Muñoz Flores Hipólito Jesús , Velarde Ramírez Juan Cosme , Olvera Delgadillo Edgar Hugo
Published: February 2018

Cuando se desconocen las dimensiones del diámetro normal (dn) de los árboles para calcular el volumen, la relación funcional entre dn y diámetro de tocón (dt) es muy útil. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en generar ecuaciones y factores de proporción de dn-dt para plantaciones de Pinus greggii en el estado de Hidalgo, México. Con datos de 621 árboles se ajustaron cuatro modelos para estimar la relación dn-dt con el PROC MODEL del paquete estadístico SAS 9.1 y el procedimiento gmm. El mejor modelo fue seleccionado mediante el Coeficiente de Determinación Ajustado (R2 ), la Raíz del Error Medio Cuadrático (REMC), los criterios aj. de información de Akaike (AIC) y Bayesiano (BIC), el análisis gráfico de los residuales y la prueba de normalidad. La capacidad predictiva se determinó con el Sesgo (E), la Desviación Agregada (DA) y la DA en porcentaje (DA %), además del comportamiento gráfico de los valores predichos contra los observados. La ecuación seleccionada incluyó la altura del tocón (ht) y explicó 94.86 % de la varianza observada, sin violar los supuestos de normalidad de los datos, homocedasticidad de los residuos y la autocorrelación de los errores. El sesgo fue de -0.0352, la DA de -0.0353 y la DA % de 0.2032 para la muestra. El factor de proporción promedio entre dt y dn fue de 0.7879. Esta ecuación y el factor de proporción son herramientas confiables para la estimación del dn, y es aplicable como base en la estimación de volumen, biomasa o carbono en plantaciones de P. greggii.
Precisión de los coeficientes y cocientes de forma en la estimación del volumen de Pinus montezumae Lamb.
Authors: García Espinoza Guadalupe Geraldine , García Magaña José Jesús , Hernández Ramos Jonathan , Muñoz Flores Hipólito Jesús , García Cuevas Xavier , Hernández Ramos Adrián
Published: February 2018

La determinación exacta del volumen es necesaria para la sostenibilidad de las masas forestales y fundamental para el manejo silvícola; además de que las variables empleadas para calcularlo cambian dinámicamente de dimensiones como producto de la manipulación de los bosques. El objetivo del estudio que se describe a continuación fue evaluar la precisión de siete coeficientes y cinco cocientes de forma para la estimación del volumen del tronco de árboles en pie de Pinus montezumae, en la Comunidad Indígena de Nuevo San Juan Parangaricutiro, Michoacán. Con el telerrelascopio de Biitterlich se midieron 245 árboles, se tomaron las alturas y los diámetros a distintas secciones desde la base, diámetro normal a 1.3 m y hasta la altura total. Con 161 muestras se generó una ecuación, cuyos volúmenes se compararon con los obtenidos al emplear coeficientes y cocientes de 84 árboles. Se calculó el sesgo y la diferencia agregada en porcentaje para ponderar la precisión de los métodos. De los coeficientes y cocientes de forma solo tres lograron lo requerido para la estimación confiable del volumen de árboles en pie: el coeficiente mórfico del tronco (0.52 %), el coeficiente mórfico del fuste a la altura total (0.85 %) y el coeficiente de Pressler (1.18 %). Los resultados indican que el uso de los coeficientes mórficos y los cocientes de forma dependen de la estructura del tronco, debido a que los cocientes estiman mejor las formas cónicas y neiloidicas, mientras que los coeficientes a los paraboloides.
Importancia ecológica de los gatuños (Mimosa spp.) en el Parque Nacional Sierra de Órganos
Authors: Mata-Páez Ricardo Ismael , Domínguez-Calleros Pedro Antonio , Goche-Télles José Rodolfo , Díaz-Vásquez Manuel Antonio
Published: February 2018

Los integrantes florísticos de la familia Leguminosae son de suma importancia para la recuperación de sitios degradados. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar silvícola y ecológicamente las plantas de gatuños presentes en el Parque Nacional Sierra de Órganos (PNSO), lo cual permitirá realizar un adecuado manejo de su población y determinar su importancia en el proceso de sucesión vegetal. Se rodalizaron las principales poblaciones de gatuños y se ubicaron sitios circulares de 500 m2, con una intensidad de muestreo de 5 %. Se utilizaron los índices de Füldner y Gadow y Pommerening para determinar la distribución espacial de las especies presentes. En 53 sitios de muestreo se registró una densidad aproximada de 3 120 plantas ha-1, de las cuales 79 % corresponde a “gatuños”, localizados entre los 2 279 y 2 357 msnm; de ellas, 30 % se encontraron en exposiciones este. Su altura y diámetro promedio fue de 106.62 cm y 2.1 cm, respectivamente. El índice de Füldner y Gadow tuvo un valor de 0.264 y el de Pommerening de 1.282. Se asocia principalmente con los géneros Opuntia, Acacia y Pinus. Los gatuños en el PNSO no son plantas invasoras, ya que solo cubren 4.76 % de la superficie total, forman manchones compactos y delimitados, además ocupan zonas donde otro tipo de vegetación no sobreviviría con facilidad, como son laderas, orillas de los arroyos intermitentes y áreas que estuvieron sometidas a sobre pastoreo, en las que cumplen un rol de protectoras y formadoras de suelo.
Biomasa arbustiva, herbácea y en el piso forestal como factor de riesgo de incendios
Authors: Hernández García Jorge , Rodríguez Ortíz Gerardo , Enríquez del Valle José Raymundo , Campos Ángeles Gisela Virginia , Hernández Hernández Adán
Published: February 2018

El presente estudio destaca la importancia de generar información de los combustibles forestales para determinar el riesgo de incendio en bosques de pino, de encino y mesófilo de montaña en San Antonio, Chimalapa, Oaxaca. Su objetivo consistió en calcular el contenido de biomasa aérea en los diferentes componentes encontrados en el piso forestal de tres tipos de vegetación, bajo índice de riesgo de incendio. Durante 2014, se establecieron de manera dirigida 15 sitios de 1 000 m2, y subsitios de 9 y 1 m2 para evaluar los compartimentos de madera, hojarasca, necromasa, arbusto y herbácea; se determinaron índices de riesgo por tipo de vegetación. La información se validó mediante análisis de varianza y pruebas de medias (Duncan, 0.05), bajo un diseño completamente aleatorizado. Los contenidos de biomasa en el piso forestal fueron de 8.77 t ha-1 para el bosque mesófilo de montaña, de 15.23 t ha-1 para bosque de encino y de 1.07 t ha-1 para bosque de pino. La biomasa contenida en herbáceas fue superior (p = 0.009) en el pinar, en comparación con los otros tipos de vegetación; sin embargo, al ponderar la carga total de combustible en el piso forestal, resultó entre 2.0 y 2.59 t ha-1, lo cual indica que el índice de riesgo de incendio forestal en el área de estudio es bajo; en el bosque mesófilo de montaña se registró el valor más alto.
Aprovechamiento de productos forestales no maderables en los bosques de montaña alta, centro de México
Authors: Anastacio-Martínez Nancy Diana , Franco-Maass Sergio , Valtierra-Pacheco Esteban , Nava-Bernal Gabino
Published: February 2018

Se describe la forma de aprovechamiento de tres Productos Forestales No Maderables (PFNM) en los bosques de montaña alta del centro de México: vara de perlilla (Symphoricarpos microphyllus), musgo (Thuidium delicatulum var. delicatulum) y hongos comestibles (reino Fungi). La investigación se realizó en el Área de Protección de Flora y Fauna Nevado de Toluca y en el ejido de San Bartolo Oxtotitlán, municipio Jiquipilco, Estado de México, a través de encuestas, entrevistas semiestructuradas, transectos por las rutas de extracción, muestreos aleatorios de flora y observación participativa. Los resultados mostraron que, en el caso del musgo, son personas externas a la comunidad quienes realizan su extracción y aprovechamiento; y, por tanto, los pobladores locales no reciben beneficios significativos por dicha actividad. Respecto a vara de perlilla su recolección la llevan a cabo unas cuantas familias de la comunidad, quienes son las principales beneficiarias. La recolecta de hongos silvestres comestibles es de libre acceso y la practican la mayoría de los pobladores locales; cabe señalar que, si bien, antes esta actividad se destinaba al autoconsumo, en la actualidad está transitando hacia la comercialización, a través de intermediarios. Las formas de aprovechamiento de cada recurso varían en función de su temporalidad, demanda y canales de comercialización.
Selección de árboles sobresalientes de caoba (Swietenia macrophylla King.) en un rodal natural mediante métodos multivariados
Authors: Gutiérrez Vázquez Benito N. , Cornejo Oviedo Eladio H. , Rodríguez Santiago Bartolo , López Upton Javier , Gutiérrez Vázquez Mario H. , Gómez Cárdenas Martín , Flores Montaño Amelia
Published: February 2018

Se describe una metodología para seleccionar árboles fenotípicamente superiores en rodales naturales de especies tropicales mediante métodos multivariados, con la técnica de análisis de componentes principales (ACP) y la de agrupamiento, con apoyo del programa “Stand Visualization System” (SVS). El estudio se efectuó en un rodal de 50 ha de caoba (Swietenia macrophylla) dentro de una selva mediana subperennifolia, donde se definió una población base de 427 árboles con un diámetro normal mayor a 7.5 cm. Se utilizó el método de ACP con datos de ocho variables de estructura del árbol. Las correspondientes al diámetro normal del fuste, altura total y diámetro de copa fueron las que mejor identificaron las características fenotípicas de los ejemplares superiores en el primer componente, al explicar 79.4 % de la varianza total. La aplicación del SVS permitió el análisis espacial de escenarios posibles y finalmente la ubicación de 30 árboles sobresalientes. El diferencial de selección para las características de interés económico dio valores positivos y entre ellos destaca el diámetro normal que corresponde a 84 % de la población base, y el de copa con 61 %. El método basado en ACP resultó efectivo porque los árboles elegidos por este conducto fueron los mejores en campo, por lo que se puede recomendar dicho procedimiento para escoger a los árboles superiores en rodales naturales de especies tropicales, donde las condiciones limitan el uso de los métodos clásicos de selección como el comparativo.
Estimación de biomasa y carbono almacenado en bosques comunitarios de la región Frailesca de Chiapas, México
Authors: Rodríguez-Larramendi Luis Alfredo , Guevara-Hernández Francisco , Reyes-Muro Luis , Ovando-Cruz Jesús , Nahed-Toral José , Prado-López Miguel , Campos Saldaña Rady Alejandra
Published: February 2018

Con el objetivo de estimar la biomasa y el carbono acumulado en bosques de pino (Pinus maximinoii), encino (Quercus rugosa), roble (Quercus robur) y ocote (Pinus patula), en 1 ejidos de la región Frailesca de Chiapa, se seleccionaron 22 parcelas de 500 m2 (dos por cada ejido); en las que se determinaron la altura (H), la edad (años) y el diámetro normalizado (DN) de 358 árboles. Se ajustaron ecuaciones de regresión entre la biomasa acumulada (BMt) y la edad de cada árbol. Los ajustes resultaron estadísticamente significativos para el modelo exponencial y=b·ec·x. Se demuestra que, a partir de la edad del árbol, es posible estimar la biomasa total acumulada y que la mayor acumulación, tanto de biomasa como de carbono, se produjo en los bosques de pino y la menor en los de roble, debido a su estado fisiológico determinado por la menor edad del arbolado. Los bosques de pino registraron un almacén de 158 Mg ha-1, seguido del encino con 17 Mg ha-1. La especie que menos carbono almacenó fue el roble con 5.9 Mg ha-1. De los sitios estudiados, los bosques del ejido “24 de Febrero” presentaron mayor captura potencial de carbono.
Histopatología de raíces de Pinus patula Schiede ex Schltdl. et Cham. y de Pinus pseudostrobus Lindl. infectadas con Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, 1922
Authors: Leyva Mir Santos Gerardo , Nava García Nancy Patricia , Diego Martínez Betsabé , Almaraz Sánchez Alejandra , Hernández Villalobos Silvia Mariel , Tovar Pedraza Juan Manuel
Published: February 2018

Phytophthora cinnamomi es uno de los fitopatógenos más devastadores a nivel mundial, ya que ocasiona pudriciones de raíz y la muerte de numerosas especies vegetales. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar los daños histológicos inducidos por este organismo a nivel radicular en Pinus patula y Pinus pseudostrobus. Se inocularon 48 árboles de 11 meses de edad de ambas especies forestales mediante la inmersión de sus raíces en una suspensión de fragmentos miceliales y como testigo, otras que fueron sumergidas en agua destilada estéril. Se tomaron muestras de tales estructuras cada cuatro días después de la inoculación por 20 días. Los síntomas microscópicos se manifestaron con mayor rapidez en P. pseudostrobus, aunque en las dos especies las raíces se tornaron frágiles y se necrosaron. Asimismo, los cambios histológicos se presentaron como un aumento en el contenido de polifenoles, degradación de las paredes celulares y necrosamiento de la peridermis. En P. patula, las plantas mostraron un marchitamiento de la copa, seguida por un amarillamiento de las acículas y, finalmente, en la muerte del árbol. Para P. pseudostrobus los síntomas fueron similares, pero el decaimiento de las acículas fue gradual y, posteriormente, se observó marchitez de las mismas hasta la muerte total del ejemplar.
Evaluación de las propiedades físicas de material compuesto elaborado con bambú (Guadua angustifolia Kunth) y polipropileno
Authors: Lázaro León Karen Catharine , Gonzáles Mora Héctor E. , Cárdenas Oscanoa Aldo J. , Gago Campusano Javier
Published: February 2018

En años recientes, se ha incrementado el uso de los compuestos termoplásticos reforzados con materiales lignocelulósicos, debido a la creciente necesidad de las industrias de la construcción y automotriz. Esta conducta es impulsada por varios factores de mercado y de la sociedad, como la demanda por productos amigables con el medio ambiente, la regulación estricta del uso de los químicos, cambios en el estilo de vida. Las fibras y harina de madera se usan comúnmente en los materiales compuestos, pero se pueden sustituir con otras naturales como el lino, sisal, palma, fique, yute, coco, bambú; la mayoría de ellos son desechos agro-industriales. Se utilizaron partículas provenientes de la parte apical de cañas residuales de bambú (Guadua angustifolia) para la obtención de materiales compuestos de polipropileno (PP) reforzados, sin y con agente acoplante (anhidrído maléico de polipropileno-MAPP). La elaboración se hizo con el método de extrusión y moldeo por compresión, con tamaños de malla ASTM: -20/+40, -40/+60 y -60/+80; proporciones de mezcla bambú/plástico: 50/50, 40/60 y 30/70; y con 0 y 2 % de MAPP. En total se obtuvieron 18 formulaciones. Se evaluaron las siguientes propiedades físicas: contenido de humedad, densidad, absorción e hinchamiento. Los resultados muestran que los materiales presentaron los mejores valores con el tamaño de malla -60/+80, con la proporción de mezcla 30/70 y cuando contenían MAPP en su composición
Analysis of information security threats for developing DLP-systems
Authors: Polozova Ekaterina , Anashkina Nataliia
Published: February 2018

The motivation of investigation is explained by the problem of keeping organisations’ information and private ones secure. One reason for this is insufficiency of information protection systems, and another – vulnerability in such kind of systems. The article is devoted to defining and analyzing the types and sources of information security threats for an automated system. It can be useful for developing the model method, having the purpose of detecting and further preventing of hazards. The safeness of Data Leak Prevention (DLP) system itself is also under investigation. The analysis was carried out by an expert method with system analysis. A DLP system was considered, on the one hand, as a way of information protection to prevent information leakage, and on the other hand, as an object of protection which is vulnerable to threats of information security. The presented threat model includes the sources of threats, divided into three large groups: anthropogenic, technogenic and spontaneous; and types of threats: intentional and unintentional.
Technological and ecological safety in aspect of chemical properties of recycled neodymium magnets – electric motors and hard disk
Authors: Kapustka Katarzyna , Ziegmann Gerhard , Klimecka-Tatar Dorota
Published: February 2018

Neodymium magnets currently dominate the magnet market due to their superior magnetic properties with maximum volume minimization. In this paper, the results of X-ray analysis for two types of magnetic powder obtained from the recovered magnets traditionally used in electric motors and hard disk have been presented. The NdFeB magnets are composed of 25-35 wt. % rare earth elements (RE) and the rest being transition metals (mainly Fe.). RE, other than Nd, such Dy, Pr, Tb and Gd or exogen elements, other than Fe, such as Al, Co, Ga, Nb, Si, Cu and Zr can also be present as minor admixtures. This paper brings an opportunity to introduce the hard magnets recycling technology on an industrial scale.
Broiler Piliçlerde Et Kalitesi Parametreleri
Authors: Üstüner Hakan
Published: February 2018

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 Animal originated foods are important for human nutrition and one of the major component of poultry meatToday, it was taken into account from farm to fork, food safety that consumers preferred producing and quality parameters which are so important. In the daily life; food quality is very important for consumers. Quali-ty is a concept of flavor and visuality (color, fiber quality). The taste which remains after you eat it, flavor, freshness, crispness are components of the aroma of the meat or meat’s product and this tastiness generally de-tected with sensory features. Wholeness, color and massiveness are the major visual characteristics. These are quality parameters of first salient and these are unidentified with measurements by the consumers, so quality of meat is related to many factors such as specie, race, gender, age of slaughter and weight, type of the production system, stress, combination of bait, additive agents, transport conditions of animals and this factors are measura-ble as of quantitative with several tools and equipments. These properties are shear force of meat, water holding capacity, springiness, pH, color hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness. These parameters are important charac-teristics for consumer preferences. 
Adult vaccination for chronic disease
Authors: Paul Amal Kerishna
Published: February 2018

Abstract not availableKYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-2, Jan 2018, Page 1
Total knee arthroplasty in patients with fixed flexion deformity
Authors: Salam Abdus , Islam Md Ashraful , Khan Muhammad Zakir Hossain , Sharif Md Sayeed Bin , Milon Md Hafizur Rahman , Khan Md Asmaul Hossain , Mahmud Md Kaiser
Published: February 2018

Background: Fixed flexion deformity is a common accompaniment in advanced arthritis of the knee joint. Complete correction of fixed flexion deformity at the time of surgery remains challenging and technically demanding.Objectives: The purpose of our study was to assess the result of total knee replacement using a preset algorithm to assess the effect that a preoperative flexion deformity has on postoperative correction.Materials & Methods: This retrospective study reviewed severe flexion contracture of patients who underwent primary TKA and soft tissue balancing from June 2010 to July 2016. The data included preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative evaluation at standard intervals and annual follow-up reports.Results: There were no intraoperative complications in this study. The average flexion contractures and ROM were not different between SF and MF groups (1.14 ± 0.27 vs. 1.12 ± 0.35 and 115.72 ± 15.13 vs. 118.34 ± 12.68).Conclusion: TKA can be performed successfully in knees with severe flexion contracture.KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-2, Jan 2018, Page 2-7
Study on outcome of ischemic stroke patient with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Mallick Achinta Kumar , Ali Md Ahmed , Kafiluddin Md , Amin Md Parvez , Kundu Pijus Kumar , Alahi Munzur , Yusuf Nahid
Published: February 2018

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia and a major risk factor for ischemic stroke, especially in the elderly patients. Patients with non-valvular AF have a 5-fold excess risk of stroke recurrence and case-fatality rate.Objectives: This study was to evaluate the prevalence of AF and its influence on prognosis in patients with ischemic stroke.Materials & Methods: Total 125 patients with ischaemic stroke were enrolled in this study. Initially they were divided into two groups by ECG - those with AF and those without AF. They were followed up after one month, three months and six months. Comparison was done between the two groups in term of recurrence, mortality and clinical improvement which were assessed by Modified Rankin Score (MRS).Results: Among 125 patients, 22 patients had AF. Those with AF were more frequently male, aged more than 45 years. Recurrence was significantly higher in AF group during one month follow up (p<0.05). The presence of AF was associated with higher mortality in 3 months (p<0.05) and 6 months (p<0.05) follow up. At 3 months follow up clinical deterioration was noted in 9.1% patient with AF compared to 2.9% patients without AF (p<0.01) and at 6 months follow up clinical deterioration was noted in 18.2% patient with AF compared to 4.9% patients without AF (p<0.01).Conclusion: Patients who had an ischemic stroke with accompanying AF had higher mortality, graver stroke severity, more recurrences and poorer functional status than those without AF.KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-2, Jan 2018, Page 8-12
Changes in body mass index in different periods of infants born to diabetic and non-diabetic mothers
Authors: Halim AKM Yunus , Huda Syed Nazmul , Ahmed Luthfor , Begum Shireen , Banu Laila Arjumand
Published: February 2018

Background: The growth of infants born to diabetic mothers is at greater risks because of their pregnancy related complications.Objectives: This study concerns comparison of BMI changes in different periods of infants born to pre-diabetic mothers (DM) and gestational diabetic mothers (GDM) with control infants born to apparently healthy non-diabetic mothers (NDM).Materials & Methods: This study comprising 251 newbornmother pairs (n: DM=86; GDM=86 and NDM=79) recruited from the Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM), Dhaka.Results: BMI at birth was significantly higher for DM (BMI: 13.3±0.2 vs.12.6±0.2; p=0.003) and GDM (BMI: 13.7±0.2 vs.12.6±0.2; p<0.001) groups compared to the NDM group. On paired t tests, BMI increased significantly during 0-3 month period and 3-6 months periods in all groups (DM, GDM and NDM). At 0 month, compared to babies in the NDM group, mean BMI z-scores were significantly higher for the DM (-0.095±1.2 vs. -0.73±1.4; p=0.003) and GDM (0.16±1.4 vs.-0.73±1.4; p<0.001) groups. On paired-samples t tests, BMI Z-scores decreased from birth to 3 month of age in DM and GDM groups, but this decrease was significant for the GDM group only. In subsequent periods, BMI z-scores increased in all groups but the increment was more evident in GDM and NDM groups.Conclusion: At 0 month (birth), compared to babies in the NDM group, mean BMIs were significantly higher for the DM and GDM groups which became normalised by 3rd month when they got rid of maternal metabolic influences. The changes in BMI Z-score during 9-12 months period were significantly positive for NDM group compared to others.KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-2, Jan 2018, Page 13-17
Bronchospasm during general anaesthesia-an alarming threat
Authors: Ali Md Rashid , Mojibuddin - , Adom Shamim , Khatun Rahena , Khan KR , Paul Debashish
Published: February 2018

Bronchospasm and wheezing are not synonymous terms. Bronchospasm is only one cause of wheezing and before the diagnosis can be made, the other causes of wheezing must be excluded. Cyanosis may occasionally be the first sign of severe bronchospasm. An anaesthetist must be alert to diagnose such a case promptly and immediate treatment should be started. Confirmation of diagnosis is not simply a matter of detecting wheezing on auscultation of the chest. It is equally possible to hear no wheezes in the presence of severe bronchospasm, as a result of minimal air movement. Urgent management of such a case includes, Oxygenation, Steroids, Bronchodilators, Lignocaine, Inhalational Anaesthetic agents and other supportive drugs. Close monitoring must be ensured.KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-2, Jan 2018, Page 27-30
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
Authors: Basak Arpan Kumar , Debnath Joya
Published: February 2018

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) is an immune complex mediated hypersensitivity complex that typically involves the skin and mucous membranes. While minor presentations may occur, significant involvement of oral, nasal, eye, vaginal, urethral, gastrointestinal, and lower respiratory mucous membranes may develop in the course of the illness. GI and respiratory involvement may progress to necrosis. Stevens-Johnson syndrome is a serious systemic disorder with the potential for severe morbidity and even death. The syndrome was first described in 1922, when the American pediatricians Albert Mason Stevens and Frank Chambliss Johnson reported the cases of 2 boys aged 7 and 8 years with "an extraordinary, generalized eruption with continued fever, inflamed buccal mucosa, and severe purulent conjunctivitis". Both cases had been misdiagnosed by primary care physicians as hemorrhagic measles. Erythema multiforme (EM), originally described by Von Hebra in 1866, was part of the differential diagnosis in both cases but was excluded because of the 'character of skin lesions, the lack of subjective symptoms, the prolonged high fever, and the terminal heavy crusting". Despite the presence of leucopenia in both cases, Stevens and Johnson in their initial report suspected an infectious disease of unknown etiology as the cause. In 1950, Thomas divided EM into 2 catagories: erythema multiforme minor (Von Hebra) and Erythema multiforme major (EMM). Since 1983, erythema multiforme major and Stevens-Johnson syndrome had been considered synonymous. In the 1990s, however, Bastuji and Roujeau each proposed that Erythema multiforme major and Stevens-Johnson syndrome are 2 distinct disorders. Several investigators propose that Stevens-Johnson syndrome and Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) represent the same disease at different levels of severity. Although several classification schemes have been reported, the simplest breaks the disease down as follows: * Stevens-Johnson syndrome-A "minor form of TEN", with less than 10% body surface area (BSA) detachment. * Overlapping Stevens-Johnson syndrome/Toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN)-Detachment of 10-30% BSA. * Toxic epidermal necrolysis-Detachment of more than 30%BSA.KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-2, Jan 2018, Page 31-35
Vomiting and aspiration during per-operative and post-operative period - A life threatening condition
Authors: Khan Kamrul Rasel , Ali Md Rashid , Adom Shamim , Paul Debashish , Chakravarty Chaity
Published: February 2018

Vomiting and aspiration usually occurs in those patients who are to be operated under general anesthesia in full stomach. It may occur in empty stomach also. It is an extreme emergency and needs urgent management. When it occurs, it worries an anesthetist as well as surgeon also. Immediate management should be started. As early as possible the patient should be turned in to lateral side with trendelenburg position. The pharynx and esophagus should be sucked as quickly as possible. All the resuscitator equipments should be ready at hand. Preoperative assessment and clinical examination is very important. Particularly history must be taken whether the patient had taken any food or not for the last six hours. Treatment should be adequate and prompt to avoid any disaster. If necessary the patient should be shifted to ICU for quick recovery. Here we present a case of 22 years old young man who developed vomiting and aspiration during tonsillectomy operation in North Bengal Medical College on 30th may, 2015.KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-2, Jan 2018, Page 36-39
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma
Authors: Sharif Sayeed Bin
Published: February 2018

Malignant mesothelioma is one of the rare disease. It is an aggressive tumor arising from the mesothelial lining of the pleura or peritoneum. In our country there is no reported data or known incidence rate. It has an association with exposure to asbestos and usually has a poor prognosis. Early diagnosis and establishment of a standard treatment for malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is difficult. We report on a case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a 59-year-old man with huge abdominal swelling, ascites and respiratory distress.KYAMC Journal Vol. 8, No.-2, Jan 2018, Page 40-42
Towards a comprehensive account of English -erdeverbal synthetic compounds in Functional Discourse Grammar
Authors: Guerrero Medina Pilar
Published: February 2018

This article puts forward an analysis of productive combinations of agentive -er nouns and compounding within the Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) model, trying to account for the different kinds of lexico-semantic input to the process and discussing the relevance of Aktionsart and other semantic and pragmatic factors to constrain noun incorporation in synthetic compounding. It is here argued that the FDG theory can account for the compositional approach to predicate-argument formations such as truckdriver, while also allowing for a non-compositional use of these and other less predictable formations such as painkiller, where analogy is assumed to play a role.
Discovery of an Undocumented Lake Sturgeon Spawning Site in the Headwaters of the Niagara River
Authors: Neuenhoff Rachel D. , Withers Jonah L. , Davis Lori A. , Markley Nicholas D. , Dowell Stephanie , Bartron Meredith L. , Gorsky Dimitry , Sweka John A.
Published: February 2018

Information about spawning fish is important to stock-assessment data needs (i.e., recruitment and fecundity) and management (i.e., habitat connectivity and protection). In Lake Erie, information about Lake Sturgeon Acipenser fulvescens early-life history is available for the Detroit River and Lake St. Clair system in the western basin, but fisheries biologists know comparatively little about Lake Sturgeon in the eastern basin. Although researchers have summarized historical spawning areas, no known natural Lake Sturgeon spawning site is described in Lake Erie proper. Researchers documented a remnant population of reproductively mature Lake Sturgeon near the headwaters of the Niagara River in eastern Lake Erie in 2011. Researchers hypothesized that a spawning site was likely in the immediate vicinity of the Niagara River headwaters near Buffalo Harbor, New York; however, its exact location was unknown. We attempted to locate spawning sites near the confluence of the Niagara River using egg traps at three potential spawning sites. We identified Lake Sturgeon eggs at one of these sites using morphological and genetic techniques. Lake Sturgeon eggs collected on one sampling trip began to emerge when placed in preservative, confirming that eggs deposited at this site are fertilized and viable, and that the area supports viable embryos. This discovery fills data gaps in the early-life history for this population, which has domestic and international management implications with respect to proposed recovery targets, stock assessment models, habitat remediation efforts, and status determinations of a protected species in a geographic region designated as an Area of Concern by the International Joint Commission.
The Impact of Rumors on Social Media Sites in Behavior of Purchasing Food Products in the Egyptian Market
Authors: Abdelkader Ali Ahmed , Mohamed Hossam El Din Fathy
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this article is to detect the impact of rumors on social media on the purchasing behavior of food products. The descriptive approach on four rumors related to food products were identified in the Egyptian market. A sample of 387 participants were selected from consumers who use Facebook in Egypt. The primary data was collected via an E-Questioner method. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between the rumors on social media, and purchasing behavior of food products. There is also a significant difference between the products and the impact of rumors. These results assure the importance of social media and its impact on a customer's decision to purchase food products. This article not only explains the importance of rumors on social media in the food sector but also enhances the understanding of the influence of social media on consumer's behavior. It also provides some insights for facing the rumors. Organizations are advised to adopt social media in their business.
Proposing a Quantitative Model Towards Building Trust in B2C E-Commerce
Authors: Zamani Mahmoud , Valmohammadi Changiz
Published: February 2018

This article aims to develop a novel model for ranking the parameters that influence the building of trust on online shopping in the context of Iran. A multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model based on a fuzzy analytic network process (ANP) method is developed to systematically clarify the interdependent relationships among the evaluation criteria of trust and then, scientifically evaluate the feasible parameters and rank the priorities of the trust. The results of the proposed model reveal that under the characteristics of trustor (TR) sub-factors, the most important indicator which can affect the trust is propensity to trust. Furthermore, regarding the characteristics of trustee (TE) sub-factors, data quality with a priority of 0.064 is the most important indicator. Also, in the environmental factors (EN) sub-factors, promotions and advertising with a weight of 0.151 is the most significant indicator.
Impact of ICT on Universities Administrative Services and Management of Students' Records
Authors: Egoeze Fidelis , Misra Sanjay , Maskeliūnas Rytis , Damaševičius Robertas
Published: February 2018

This article describes the issue of governance in higher education, of which administration is key, is saddled with numerous challenges, as such, new approaches are being sought out to enhance the process. It is obvious that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is a tool that enhances administrative activities of higher education institution. This article is based on descriptive survey design which investigates the impact of ICT on the administrative services/management of students' records in Nigerian universities. A questionnaire was the research instrument employed, and questionnaire items were developed through a review of related literature. A total of 200 respondents participated, comprising students, lecturers and administrators were randomly selected from ten universities in Nigeria. Data collected was analyzed using ANOVA. The major impacts of ICT in administrative services/management of students' records in Nigerian universities were identified and discussed. Suggestions are made on the need for Nigerian universities to widen the scope of ICT application in administrative services to fully reap the benefits of ICT.
Metrics for the Management of IT Personnel
Authors: Radant Olaf , Stantchev Vladimir
Published: February 2018

This article describes how because of the ongoing demographic development in most European countries, especially IT-companies, need to find a way to retain or gain productivity with the same or less amount of employees. Therefore, the allocation of available resources in the best possible way is even more important. The challenge for companies is to improve the enterprise not only on the side of the organizational and process level, but to develop new strategies and approaches in human resource management. In this article, the authors propose metrics of a framework to manage scarce resources in IT-departments. These layers aim for different relevant determinants of employee productivity and satisfaction like employee wages, education of employees, psychological development of employees, workplace environment and work life balance. Also, relevant metrics to explore and use untapped labour potential in organizations are included. The use of these metrics provides a valuable insight into the organizational performance, its culture, and future. A company can measure the actual status, recognize potential threats, and derive measures to retain productivity in the upcoming years.
A Redesigned Benders Decomposition Approach for Large-Scale In-Transit Freight Consolidation Operations
Authors: Hanbazazah Abdulkader S. , Abril Luis E. , Shaikh Nazrul I. , Erkoc Murat
Published: February 2018

The growth in online shopping and third-party logistics has caused a revival of interest in finding optimal solutions to the large-scale, in-transit freight consolidation problem. Given the shipment date, size, origin, destination, and due dates of multiple shipments distributed over space and time, the problem requires determining when to consolidate some of these shipments into one shipment at an intermediate consolidation point so as to minimize shipping costs while satisfying the due date constraints. In this article, the authors develop a mixed-integer programming formulation for a multi-period freight consolidation problem that involves multiple products, suppliers, and potential consolidation points. Benders decomposition is then used to replace a large number of integer freight-consolidation variables by a small number of continuous variables that reduce the size of the problem without impacting optimality. The results show that Benders decomposition provides a significant scale-up in the performance of the solver. The authors demonstrate their approach using a large-scale case with more than 27.5 million variables and 9.2 million constraints.
Weight Minimization of a Speed Reducer Using Prey Predator Algorithm
Authors: Tilahun Surafel Luleseged , Matadi Maba B
Published: February 2018

This article describes how a speed reducer is a mechanical device which is very useful to reduce speed in different machineries. The use of gears to adjust a speed is an old practice, however the formulation of the problem as an optimization problem and solving it using different approaches begun in early 1970's. The problem is a constrained, nonlinear and nonconvex problem. That makes it challenging to handle it by deterministic approaches. Hence, different metaheuristic and hybrid methods have been proposed and used. Furthermore, due to the challenging behaviour of the problem, it has been used as a benchmark problem to test and compare new algorithms. In this article, a brief review of the problem, its application and the advances in solving the problem will be presented. A metaheuristic algorithm called prey predator algorithm will then be used to solve the problem. Prey-predator algorithm has been found to be effective with an easy way to control the exploration and exploitation search behaviour. Simulation-based comparison with previous results shows that indeed the algorithm produces a promising result. Hence, this study showed that applying prey predator algorithm for speed reducer production is a reasonable idea.
Better Security and Encryption Within Cloud Computing Systems
Authors: Williams K.Y.B. , Griffin Jimmy A.G.
Published: February 2018

Better security and encryption is necessary with regard to all forms of Cloud Computing, Cloud Infrastructure, and Cloud Storage. Areas that are affected the hardest by security breaches include: retail/e-commerce, communications, transportation, and banking. Illustrated within this article are ways that companies such as Walmart, Verizon, Wells-Fargo, and BWM would be affected by a lapse in security and/or a breach in their Cloud Infrastructure. In this article issues that can magnify these breaches and data loss is discussed as it relates to Cloud Structure and Cloud Services based on known vulnerabilities and lack of product testing. This article concludes with why it is necessary to have Public Policies as part of the governing system on Cloud Computing, Cloud Infrastructure, and Cloud Storage