bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eficácia de um protocolo hospitalar para cessação do tabagismo no pós-alta: um estudo longitudinal
Authors: Amaral Lígia Menezes do , Andrade Rafaela de Oliveira , Lanzieri Isabella Oliveira , Richter Kimber Paschoal , Macêdo Ângela Caroline Dias Albino Destro de , Leite Isabel Cristina Gonçalves
Published: May 2022

Introdução: Na literatura nacional, são escassos os trabalhos que avaliam intervenções hospitalares para promoção da cessação do tabagismo. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de um protocolo hospitalar na promoção da cessação do tabagismo segundo grau de dependência nicotínica. Método: Estudo longitudinal realizado em hospital universitário, com 146 participantes divididos em dois grupos segundo grau de dependência à nicotina. Ambos receberam abordagem motivacional, material informativo, terapia de reposição de nicotina (quando indicado) e ligações telefônicas semanais por 30 dias pós alta. Resultados: Noventa e dois participantes (63%) apresentaram maior dependência nicotínica (Fagerström ≥ 5). Os sintomas de ansiedade e depressão foram mais frequentes no grupo de maior dependência (p=0,018). A autoeficácia, foi maior no grupo com menor dependência (p=0,008). O percentual de cessação um mês após a alta foi três vezes maior nos pacientes com menor dependência (p=0,001). Conclusão: Os resultados reforçam que as estratégias devem ser aprimoradas para pacientes com maior dependência e que um protocolo estruturado favorece o alcance da cessação em pacientes hospitalizados.
Impacto da dor na qualidade de vida do paciente com dor crônica
Authors: Kanematsu Jaqueline dos Santos , Atanazio Beatriz , Cunha Beatriz Ferreira , Caetano Leticia Puerro , Arada Diane Militão Yamamoto
Published: May 2022

Introdução: A dor crônica é uma experiência sensitiva e emocional desagradável, que persiste ou se repete por mais de 3 meses. Por ser uma condição multidimensional, que afeta aspectos biopsicossociais, impacta na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos que convivem com ela, assim o objetivo do estudo foi avaliar este impacto em pacientes de unidades básicas de saúde no noroeste paulista. Metodologia: Foi realizado um inquérito investigativo, em que os 379 voluntários, maiores de 18 anos, de ambos os sexos, com dor crônica, que responderam sobre a relação da qualidade de vida e dor crônica. Resultados: dos participantes 82 eram homens (22%) e 297 mulheres (78%), sendo a maioria maiores de 50 anos (58%), casados (54%), com escolaridade do ensino fundamental (48%) e ensino médio (41%). Constatou-se correlação positiva entre prejuízos na qualidade de vida e baixa escolaridade, sexo feminino e estado civil casados. Conclusões: A prevalência de dor crônica na população geral é maior em mulheres do que em homens, casados, maiores de 50 anos, com baixa escolaridade em consonância com a literatura. Estes resultados são importantes para o planejamento de políticas públicas e a capacitação dos profissionais, de modo a realizarmos uma abordagem multidimensional no acolhimento do paciente com dor.
Do Quarto de Despejo à Casa de Alvenaria: modos de morar em Carolina Maria de Jesus
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda Mota de , Cabral Giovana Gasparotto Souza
Published: May 2022

Esse artigo tenciona analisar e refletir sobre os modos de morar expostos nas duas primeiras obras da escritora Carolina Maria de Jesus, no que tange aos aspectos físicos, culturais e sociais dessas moradias. Carolina residiu em duas formas de moradia bastante distintas: morou doze anos em um barracão de tábua e zinco, na Favela do Canindé e posteriormente, migrou para uma casa de alvenaria no bairro de Santana. Sendo assim, observaremos de maneira analítica essas duas formas de moradia tendo como fonte os seus diários, que foram publicados como livros: Quarto de despejo (1960) e Casa de Alvenaria (1961).
Duas Vidas
Authors: Silva Rejúmily Virgínia Brito da
Published: May 2022

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Sobre derrubar portas e não esperar janelas: um estudo etnográfico sobre as relações interpessoais de uma drag queen no agreste pernambucano
Authors: Santos João Gabriel Lourenço da Silva
Published: May 2022

A presente pesquisa buscou compreender e registar como a arte drag interfere na vida pessoal do (a) artista que a performa. O artista escolhido foi David Lucas, com sua persona drag chamada de Lady Joe. O artista é residente do interior de Pernambuco, na cidade de Caruaru. A pesquisa se dividiu em duas partes: a parte escrita e o documentário. Para isso, a pesquisa utilizou o método etnográfico para poder acompanhar o artista escolhido em sua rotina de trabalho e performance drag, registrando seu cotidiano e finalizando a pesquisa com um documentário. Ao fim da pesquisa, foi descoberto que a Lady Joe não interfere apenas na vida pessoal de David, ou seja, sua relação com família, amigos e o mundo, mas também interfere o próprio David.
Longitudinal Associations Between Fat‐Derived Dietary Patterns and Early Markers of Cardiovascular Disease Risk in the UK Biobank Study
Authors: Brayner Barbara , Keske Michelle A. , Kaur Gunveen , Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful , Perez‐Cornago Aurora , Piernas Carmen , Livingstone Katherine M.
Published: May 2022

Background

Although the impact of dietary fats on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is widely researched, longitudinal associations between dietary patterns (DPs) based on fat type and early markers of CVD risk remain unclear.

Methods and Results

UK Biobank participants (46.9% men, mean age 55 years) with data on early markers of CVD risk (n=12 706) were followed longitudinally (2014–2020; mean 8.4 years). Two DPs (DP1, DP2) were derived using reduced rank regression (response variables: monounsaturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, and saturated fat based on two 24‐hour dietary assessments. Multivariable logistic and linear regression were used to investigate associations between DPs and odds of elevated CVD risk (using the nonlaboratory Framingham Risk Score) and changes in early CVD markers, respectively. DP1 (characterized by higher nuts and seeds and lower fruit and legumes intake) was positively correlated with saturated fat, monounsaturated fat, and polyunsaturated fat; DP2 (characterized by higher butter and high‐fat cheese, lower nuts and seeds intake) was positively correlated with saturated fat and negatively with polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fat. DP2 was associated with slightly higher odds of elevated CVD risk (odds ratio, 1.04 [95% CI, 1.00–1.07]). DP1 was associated with higher diastolic blood pressure (β, 0.20 [95% CI, 0.01–0.37]) and lower cardiac index (β, −0.02 [95% CI, −0.04 to −0.01]); DP2 was associated with higher carotid intima medial thickness (β, 1.80 [95% CI, 0.01–3.59]) and lower left ventricular ejection fraction (β, −0.15 [95% CI, −0.24 to −0.07]) and cardiac index (β, −0.01 [95% CI, −0.02 to −0.01]).

Conclusions

This study suggests small but statistically significant associations between DPs based on fat type and some early markers of CVD risk. Further research is needed to confirm these associations.
Modeling the Progression of Cardiac Catecholamine Deficiency in Lewy Body Diseases
Authors: Goldstein David S. , Pekker Mark J. , Sullivan Patti , Isonaka Risa , Sharabi Yehonatan
Published: May 2022

Background

Lewy body diseases (LBDs) feature deficiency of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine in the left ventricular myocardium and sympathetic intra‐neuronal deposition of the protein alpha‐synuclein (αS). LBDs therefore are autonomic synucleinopathies. Computational modeling has revealed multiple functional abnormalities in residual myocardial sympathetic noradrenergic nerves in LBDs, including decreased norepinephrine synthesis, vesicular storage, and recycling. We report an extended model that enables predictions about the progression of LBDs and effects of genetic predispositions and treatments on that progression.

Methods and Results

The model combines cardiac sympathetic activation with autotoxicity mediated by the dopamine metabolite 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde. We tested the model by its ability to predict longitudinal empirical data based on cardiac sympathetic neuroimaging, effects of genetic variations related to particular intra‐neuronal reactions, treatment by monoamine oxidase inhibition to decrease 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde production, and post‐mortem myocardial tissue contents of catecholamines and αS. The new model generated a triphasic decline in myocardial norepinephrine content. This pattern was confirmed by empirical data from serial cardiac
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F‐dopamine positron emission tomographic scanning in patients with LBDs. The model also correctly predicted empirical data about effects of genetic variants and monoamine oxidase inhibition and about myocardial levels of catecholamines and αS.

Conclusions

The present computational model predicts a triphasic decline in myocardial norepinephrine content as LBDs progress. According to the model, disease‐modifying interventions begun at the transition from the first to the second phase delay the onset of symptomatic disease. Computational modeling coupled with biomarkers of preclinical autonomic synucleinopathy may enable early detection and more effective treatment of LBDs.
Increases in Hepatokine Selenoprotein P Levels Are Associated With Hepatic Hypoperfusion and Predict Adverse Prognosis in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Takeishi Ryohei , Misaka Tomofumi , Ichijo Yasuhiro , Ishibashi Shinji , Matsuda Mitsuko , Yamadera Yukio , Ohara Himika , Sugawara Yukiko , Hotsuki Yu , Watanabe Koichiro , Anzai Fumiya , Sato Yu , Sato Takamasa , Oikawa Masayoshi , Kobayashi Atsushi , Yamaki Takayoshi , Nakazato Kazuhiko , Yoshihisa Akiomi , Takeishi Yasuchika
Published: May 2022

Background

Although multiorgan networks are involved in the pathophysiology of heart failure (HF), interactions of the heart and the liver have not been fully understood. Hepatokines, which are synthesized and secreted from the liver, have regulatory functions in peripheral tissues. Here, we aimed to clarify the clinical impact of the hepatokine selenoprotein P in patients with HF.

Methods and Results

This is a prospective observational study that enrolled 296 participants consisting of 253 hospitalized patients with HF and 43 control subjects. First, we investigated selenoprotein P levels and found that its levels were significantly higher in patients with HF than in the controls. Next, patients with HF were categorized into 4 groups according to the presence of liver congestion using shear wave elastography and liver hypoperfusion by peak systolic velocity of the celiac artery, which were both assessed by abdominal ultrasonography. Selenoprotein P levels were significantly elevated in patients with HF with liver hypoperfusion compared with those without but were not different between the patients with and without liver congestion. Selenoprotein P levels were negatively correlated with peak systolic velocity of the celiac artery, whereas no correlations were observed between selenoprotein P levels and shear wave elastography of the liver. Kaplan‐Meier analysis demonstrated that patients with HF with higher selenoprotein P levels were significantly associated with increased adverse cardiac outcomes including cardiac deaths and worsening HF.

Conclusions

Liver‐derived selenoprotein P correlates with hepatic hypoperfusion and may be a novel target involved in cardiohepatic interactions as well as a useful biomarker for predicting prognosis in patients with HF.
A Model of the Convectively Coupled Equatorial Rossby Wave over the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool
Authors: Chen Guosen
Published: May 2022

The convectively coupled equatorial Rossby (CCER) wave can significantly affect tropical and extratropical weather, yet its dynamics is not fully understood. Here, a linear two-layer model is proposed for the n = 1 CCER wave over the Indo-Pacific warm pool. The physical processes include moisture feedback (i.e., a prognostic moisture variable), cloud–radiation feedback, moist convection that depends on column moisture, effect of background zonal flow, and wind-induced surface flux exchange (WISHE) that links enhanced surface evaporation to low-level zonal westerly anomaly based on observation. The emerging CCER mode possesses many features consistent with the observations, including the horizontal structures, a broad range of frequency, and the amplification at both planetary and synoptic scales. This CCER mode can be viewed as a westward-propagating moisture mode, which is driven westward by the Doppler shifting effect of background easterly flow and the pre-moistening effect of WISHE. This CCER mode is destabilized by WISHE and background easterly shear. The WISHE shifts the enhanced convection into warm zone at planetary scales (wavenumbers 1–5), therefore, inducing planetary-scale instability through generating the eddy available potential energy (EAPE). The background easterly shear stimulates the interaction between the barotropic and baroclinic components of the circulation, amplifying the CCER wave at synoptic scales (wavenumbers 6–15) by increasing the EAPE generation through modifying the phase relation between low-level moisture convergence and temperature.
The Role of Climate and Vegetation in Regulating Drought–Heat Extremes
Authors: O Sungmin , Bastos Ana , Reichstein Markus , Li Wantong , Denissen Jasper , Graefen Hanna , Orth Rene
Published: May 2022

Droughts cause serious environmental and societal impacts, often aggravated by simultaneously occurring heat waves. Climate and vegetation play key roles in the evolution of drought-associated temperature anomalies, but their relative importance is largely unknown. Here, we present the hottest temperature anomalies during drought in subhumid and tree-dominated regions using observation-based, global data over 2001–15. These anomalies are mainly driven by a drought-related net radiation surplus and further amplified by forests’ water-saving strategies that result in diminished evaporative cooling. By contrast, in semiarid and short-vegetation regions, drought-related temperature increases are smaller. The reduction of evaporative cooling is weak and net radiation increases only marginally due to high albedo over drought-stressed vegetation. Our findings highlight the importance of considering all interacting factors in understanding diverse mechanisms of concurrent drought–heat extremes across different climate regimes.

Significance Statement

Climate and vegetation have a strong influence in regulating temperature anomalies during drought. However, the physical mechanisms behind drought–heat events across different climate–vegetation regimes are not always accurately described in physically based models. Here we use global-scale, observation-based datasets to show the spatial variation of temperature anomalies during drought, with the largest anomalies in subhumid and tree-dominated regions. Further, we present observational evidence for the relative roles of climate and vegetation in shaping drought–heat extremes across space. Our study provides valuable inputs to better understand the drought–heat pathways and their spatial variations, which can inform drought adaptation and mitigation efforts.
Validation of Precipitation Events in ERA5 to Gauge Observations during Warm Seasons over Eastern China
Authors: Wu Guocan , Qin Shun , Mao Yuna , Ma Zhanshan , Shi Chunming
Published: May 2022

Precipitation events should be characterized using data with high temporal resolution, such as hourly precipitation. Event-based evaluation can provide more information than the traditional equal-time-interval method by considering precipitation intermittency. This study focuses on the performance of hourly gauge observations and ERA5 products based on precipitation events in eastern China during 1979–2015. The annual frequency, duration, amount, and intensity of precipitation events are compared, and the statistics of precipitation events with different durations are also evaluated. Results show that ERA5 estimated more annual precipitation events and longer duration compared to the gauge observations, with relative deviation values of 48.75% and 49.22% at the national scale. Precipitation intensity and amount estimated by ERA5 based on precipitation events were less than those obtained from gauge observations, and the discrepancies in low-latitude regions were greater than those in high-latitude areas. The frequency of precipitation events decreased exponentially with duration for both ERA5 and gauge observations, but generally the value for the former was larger than for the latter. The statistics related to precipitation events showed smaller trends for ERA5 than for gauge observations, i.e., −0.13 h decade−1and −0.17 mm decade−1for the trends of duration and amount in ERA5, which contrasts with 0.03 h decade−1and 0.14 mm decade−1for gauge observations, respectively. These results can provide a reference for improving the parameterization scheme of the precipitation triggering mechanism in the process of model simulation.
“The President’s Syndrome”: The Diagnosis and Treatment of Gerald Ford’s Lingual Actinomycosis
Authors: Lee Janet , Pappas Theodore N.
Published: May 2022

Gerald R. Ford was the 38th president of the United States. He was appointed as vice president by Richard Nixon in 1974 upon the resignation of Spiro T. Agnew. In the midst of the Watergate Crisis, Nixon resigned making Ford the only president to serve without being elected as either president or vice president. In the year 2000, 13 years after his abbreviated term in office, he was attending the Republican National Convention in Philadelphia where he developed pain in his tongue, slurring of his speech, and signs of a stroke. He was taken to the emergency room of Hahnemann University Hospital where a CT scan showed a posterior circulation stroke. Within 24 hours, all of Ford’s symptoms improved except for his tongue pain and speech. An MRI of the head and neck showed a tongue mass and he was taken to the operating room where an abscess was found. The bacteriology confirmed actinomycosis of the tongue and Ford rapidly improved after the incision and drainage. This paper will review the clinical course of Gerald Ford’s lingual actinomycosis and will discuss this rare condition.
Implementing a Discharge Opioid Bundle in Adult Trauma Patients Decreases the Amount of Opioids Prescribed at Discharge
Authors: Krebsbach Mackenzie N. , Alexander Kaitlin M. , Miller Jennifer J. , Doll Elizabeth L. , Lee Yann-Leei , Simmons Jon D.
Published: May 2022

Background

Opioids remain the mainstay treatment of acute pain caused by trauma. The lack of evidence driven prescribing creates a challenging situation for providers. We hypothesized that the implementation of a trauma discharge opioid bundle (TDOB) would decrease the total morphine milligram equivalents (MME) prescribed at discharge while maintaining pain control.

Methods

This was a pre-post study of adult trauma patients before and after implementation of a TDOB to guide the prescription of opioids and discharge prescription education in patients discharged from a level one trauma center. The pre-group and post-group, included consecutively discharged patients from September through November in 2018 and 2019. The primary outcome was the total MME prescribed at discharge.

Results

A total of 377 patients met inclusion criteria. One hundred and fifty-one patients were included in the pre-group and 226 in the post-group. The total MME prescribed at discharge (225 ± [150-300] pre vs 200 ± [100-225] post, P = < .001) and maximum MME/day (45 ± [30-45] vs 30 ± [20-45], P = .004) were significantly less in the post-group. Incidence of outpatient refills within fourteen days were similar. More non-opioid pain adjuncts were prescribed post-intervention and discharge pain education was provided more frequently.

Conclusion

The implementation of a TDOB significantly reduced the MME prescribed at discharge without increasing the number of opioid refills.
Type IV Mirizzi Syndrome: Brief Report and Review of Management Options
Authors: Jimenez M. Carolina , Cubas Robert F. , Bowles R. Joshua , Martinez Jose M.
Published: May 2022

Mirizzi syndrome is a rare complication of chronic calculous cholecystitis. Preoperative diagnosis is challenging due to the absence of pathognomonic signs and symptoms and low sensitivity rates of imaging tests. Historically, laparotomy has been the preferred choice of surgical management. Endoscopic and laparoscopic approaches have been increasingly described as diagnostic and therapeutic options for Mirizzi type I and II, but data is limited regarding the management of more complex cases. We describe a staged endoscopic and laparoscopic approach for the management of type IV Mirizzi syndrome and review the management options.
Covert Confiscation: How Governments Differ in Their Strategies of Expropriation
Authors: Esberg Jane , Perlman Rebecca
Published: May 2022

A substantial literature concludes that democratic-type institutions curb governments’ propensity to expropriate foreign direct investment. However, little attention has been paid to the strategies of expropriation regimes employ. We theorize that more politically constrained regimes will utilize expropriation methods that help them overcome institutional impediments. Using data on expropriations in developing countries between 1960 and 2014, we show that rather than rely on the most direct and overt forms of expropriation, constrained regimes tend to use more indirect and covert methods, such as forced sale or contract renegotiation, tools which can be harder to identify, easier to justify, and frequently face lower legislative approval hurdles. Indeed, while more politically constrained regimes are less likely to overtly expropriate foreign investment than less constrained regimes, they are nearly as likely to do so covertly, introducing new questions about the extent to which institutional constraints really translate into improved protections for foreign investors.
Career Barriers and Coping Efficacy with International Students in Counseling Psychology Programs
Authors: Domínguez Daniela G. , Cheng Hsiu-Lan , De La Rue Lisa
Published: May 2022

This study uses Lent et al.’s (1994) social cognitive career theory (SCCT) as a framework for understanding the career barriers and coping efficacy experienced by international master’s of counseling psychology students. Grounded in SCCT, we described coping efficacy as international students’ perceived capability to navigate career barriers. Using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis, we explored the career barriers and coping efficacy of 12 international master’s of counseling psychology students. The first focus area, International Journey with Multiple Barriers, included five themes: Interpersonal Stress, Language Barriers, Financial Pressures, Advising Concerns, and Visa and Immigration-Related Stress. The second focus area, Agents of Change in the Midst of Barriers, included five themes: Self-Regulating, Stepping into Discomfort, Cognitive Reappraising, Becoming a Change Agent, and Social Support Seeking. Findings demonstrated participants’ coping efficacy and perceptions of themselves as agents of change. This study deepens the field’s understanding of career development among international master’s of counseling psychology students.
The effect of an occlusion-induced delay on braking behavior in critical situations: A driving simulator study
Authors: de Winter Joost C F , Saffarian Mehdi , Senders John W
Published: May 2022

Objective

To share results of an experiment that used visual occlusion for a new purpose: inducing a waiting time.

Background

Senders was a leading figure in human factors. In his research on the visual demands of driving, he used occlusion techniques.

Methods

In a simulator experiment, we examined how drivers brake for different levels of urgency and different visual conditions. In three blocks (1 = brake lights, 2 = no brake lights, 3 = occlusion), drivers followed a vehicle at 13.4 or 33.4 m distance. At certain moments, the lead vehicle decelerated moderately (1.7 m/s2) or strongly (6.5 m/s2). In the occlusion condition, the screens blanked for 0.4 s (if 6.5 m/s2) or 2.0 s (if 1.7 m/s2) when the lead vehicle started to decelerate. Participants were instructed to brake only after the occlusion ended.

Results

The lack of brake lights caused a delayed response. In the occlusion condition, drivers adapted to the instructed late braking by braking harder. However, adaptation was not always possible: In the most urgent condition, most participants collided with the lead vehicle because the ego-vehicle’s deceleration limits were reached. In non-urgent conditions, some drivers braked unnecessarily hard. Furthermore, while waiting until the occlusion cleared, some drivers lightly touched the brake pedal.

Conclusion

This experimental design demonstrates how drivers (sometimes fail to) adjust their braking behavior to the criticality of the situation.

Application

The phenomena of biomechanical readiness and (inappropriate) dosing of the brake pedal may be relevant to safety, traffic flow, and ADAS design.
Economic Underpinnings of Global Governance and Desired Reforms
Authors: Kumar Sharat
Published: May 2022

The global economy with ‘non-system’ post-Bretton Woods system continues to be fragile. Amongst the major countries of the world, budget deficit of the federal government of the USA has been increasing every year. The leverage to borrow with ease from both internal and external sources places the US federal government in a unique position. This ‘exorbitant privilege’ of the USA to borrow from rest of the world emanates from the US$ being the dominant international currency. This is, in a way, the result of ‘the White Plan’ that got accepted at the Bretton Woods conference (1944). Along with the budget deficit, the US trade deficit has also been growing over the years, particularly so with China and Japan. The counter balancing trade surpluses of China and Japan have been rising with no system in place to rectify such a trade imbalance between these countries. This is indeed not sustainable, and needs reforms in the existing (neo-liberal) world economic order. The article argues that both the G-20 and the IMFC (IMF) may give a fresh look to the proposals of ‘the Keynes Plan’—as enunciated at the Bretton Woods conference for the desired reforms.
Excess suicides in Brazil: Inequalities according to age groups and regions during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Orellana Jesem Douglas Yamall , de Souza Maximiliano Loiola Ponte
Published: May 2022

Background:

The COVID-19 pandemic has already claimed more than six million direct deaths. Low-and middle-income countries, such Brazil, were severely hit, not only due to direct effects on mortality, but also for its indirect effects on other causes of deaths.

Aims:

The objective of this study was to estimate the excess suicides in Brazil and evaluate patterns within and between its regions during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020.

Method:

The observed suicides are gathered from the mortality information system of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The estimates of expected suicides, according to sex, age group, bimonthly period and region, were reached through quasi-Poisson generalized additive models, with adjustment for overdispersion. The analyses were performed in R software, version 3.6.1 and RStudio, version 1.2.1335.

Results:

From March 2020 to December 2020, 10,409 suicides were observed in Brazil, resulting in an overall decrease of 13%, in comparison to the expected rate for the period. There were excess suicides of 26% in men from the Northern region in the 60 years and more age group, as well as in women from the Northern region in the 30 to 59 years age group in two consecutive bimonthly periods. Excess suicides of 40% was also observed in women in the 60 years and more age group from the Northeastern region.

Conclusions:

Despite the overall decrease in suicides in Brazil over the period assessed, substantial excess suicides were observed in different age groups and sexes from the Northern and Northeastern regions of the country, which are regions that are historically more prone to health and socioeconomic inequalities.
Strategies for a new municipalism: Public–common partnerships against the new enclosures
Authors: Russell Bertie , Milburn Keir , Heron Kai
Published: May 2022

This article considers the potential of public–common partnerships (PCPs) to act as a new municipalist intervention against the privatisation and financialisation of land in the UK. In previous publications, we have presented PCPs in abstract terms as a municipalist organisational form that could help communities eschew the disciplinary effects of finance capital to pursue alternative democratic forms of urban development. Here, we start to examine what this process looks like in practice. The article draws from ongoing participatory action research in two contrasting case studies, Wards Corner in Haringey and Union Street in Plymouth. We find that by establishing enduring organisational structures where collective decisions can be made about who owns and manages land and assets, PCPs could bolster already existing efforts to democratise urban development in both cities. As an organisational form, PCPs reframe the ‘local’ as a politics of proximity, decentre and reimagine the role of municipal institutions and foreground a politics of the common. This makes them an archetypal new municipalist strategy, well-suited to contesting the enclosure of urban landscapes. The article concludes by considering the development of PCPs within the broader new municipalist tendency.
Making cities through migration industries: Introduction to the special issue
Authors: Cohen Nir , Fogelman Tatiana , Lebuhn Henrik
Published: May 2022

Migration industry has recently emerged as a lens through which to theorise the intertwinement of non-state actors who aim to provide diverse migration-pertaining services. However, while much of their work is done in and through cities, consequently (re)forming variegated urban landscapes, scholarly literature has thus far neglected the nexus between cities and the migration industry. In this special issue, we begin filling this gap by exploring the significance of migration industries – as a resurgent concept and an area of research from migration studies – for understanding the urban. We start by reviewing the urbanisation of migration studies, highlighting its key limits. We then move on to introduce the migration industries debate, pointing out its existing implicit urban dimensions. We proceed by elaborating our main argument about why and how migration industries provide an especially productive lens for urbanists to consider. Specifically, we stress the three key analytical vantage points that the attention to migration industries enables us to see as central to contemporary city-making. These are its political-economic embeddedness, the urban-constitutive nature of trans-local connectivities, and how business-driven city-making dovetails with more serendipitous, bottom-up shaping of the arrival city. Each of these points also describes how individual papers speak to them. We conclude by briefly outlining a research agenda for migration industries that is thoughtfully embroiled in the (post-)pandemic urban.
Critical Commentary: Fickle spheres: The constant re/construction of the private and other new habits
Authors: Hucko Miko
Published: May 2022

The spread of the COVID-19 pandemic has allowed mechanisms of power and authority to enter new urban realms – especially the very relationships lived between friends and lovers in bedrooms and parks. All of a sudden, everyone has a right to know who we are close to, when and how, all for the sake of public health and safety, to ensure the further functioning of our established public health system. The new policies transform Western ideas of public and private spheres: our bedrooms have turned into the space of self-representation and workplaces at the same time. On the other hand, what had been known as public space before has turned into the space to be private in: a walk through the city alone or with an intimate person. Yet all of these tendencies come with increased surveillance, not only by our peers, but also through technologies such as tracing apps. The very possibility of privacy and ‘active’ publicity is being questioned, and, through this, the realm of the political. This paper traces the observed shifts in the nature of the private and public spheres through examples in German cities, tracing power via embodied experiences. Those traces are reorganised into three argumentative strands: re/constructing privacies, public space as non-place and the proliferation of the data body. Based on these observations the paper searches for emancipatory perspectives within the shifted spheres of urban social life.
Remaining Hopeful During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of NGOs in Filling the Social Support Gap for Vulnerable Children
Authors: Lim Sijeong , Moon Chungshik , Kim Youngwan
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative effect on children’s mental health worldwide. Existing studies suggest that children with greater levels of hope are more likely to be resilient in the face of disaster. While social support at the family and community level is proposed as an important factor in sustaining and fostering hope, the children of underprivileged households in developing countries tend to lack this support. We investigate whether development projects run by international NGOs are able to fill this gap and help children to remain hopeful during the pandemic. Using original survey data from 834 children in adolescence (aged between 10 and 18) in Kenya and Zambia, we show that children participating in Good Neighbors’ child sponsorship programs and community development projects exhibit higher scores on the Children’s Hope Scale than do non-participating children. These projects appear to foster hope by providing emotional and informational support.
Delay-dependent H∞ dynamic observers for non-linear systems with multiple time-varying delays
Authors: Naami Ghali , Ouahi Mohamed , Sadek Belamfedel Alaoui , Tadeo Fernando , Rabhi Abdelhamid
Published: May 2022

The design of dynamic [Formula: see text] observer (DO) for non-linear Lipschitz systems with multiple time-varying delays and disturbances is studied. Sufficient conditions for the existence of these observers are presented in the form of rank equality. Compared to previously published work, the system under consideration includes non-linearity, non-commensurable delay, and external disturbance. Through the use of the Wirtinger inequality and the extended reciprocally convex matrix inequality, new and less conservative delay-dependent conditions in terms of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) are derived based on the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional method. Solving these LMIs makes it possible to obtain DO that satisfies an [Formula: see text] performance index. Through two numerical examples in which the comparison with the proportional observer (PO) and the proportional–integral observer (PIO) shows the efficiency of the proposed DO synthesis condition. Furthermore, the results indicate that the DO developed in this paper is more resilient to parameter perturbations.
Breaking a Path by Creating a New One: How Organizational Change Boosts Children’s Cancer Care
Authors: Stache Florian , Sydow Jörg
Published: May 2022

The theory of organizational path dependence helps us to understand why organizational change is sometimes extremely difficult, if not impossible. Although recent conceptualizations of path dependence allow for strategic agency, the theory is still underspecified regarding how to break an organizational path. In an attempt to develop the theory in this regard, we make use of a case in the sphere of global health with an undisputed life-saving impact. More precisely, we trace a significant improvement in the field of pediatric cancer care back to path-breaking organizational change: the successful introduction of multicenter cooperation within a healthcare system that is arguably locked into a centralization path. Drawing on longitudinal research conducted within Russian children’s hospitals, we conclude that path-breaking change is an intricate process based upon distinct activities, and supported by mechanisms, directed towards the creation of a new organizational path.
Making Space for Garbage Cans: How emergent groups organize social media spaces to orchestrate widescale helping in a crisis
Authors: Burke Gary T. , Omidvar Omid , Spanellis Agnessa , Pyrko Igor
Published: May 2022

During the Covid-19 pandemic, citizens self-organized at an unprecedented scale to support vulnerable people in neighbourhoods, towns and cities. Drawing on an in-depth study of an online volunteering group that emerged at the beginning of the pandemic and helped thousands of people in a city in the United Kingdom, we unpack how citizens co-construct social media spaces to orchestrate helping activity during a crisis. Conceptualizing a novel synthesis of classical garbage can theory and virtual space, we reveal how emergent groups use ‘spatial partitioning’ and ‘spatial mapping’ to create a multi-layered spatial architecture that distributes decision-making and invites impromptu choice occasions: spontaneous matchmaking, proximal chance connects and speculative attraction. Our insights extend the study of emergent organizing and decision-making in crises. Furthermore, we advance a new line of theorizing which exploits garbage can theory, beyond its existing application in classical decision sciences, to posit a spatial view of organizing that paves the way for its novel applications in organization studies.
Book review: Ranabir Chakravarti, The Pull Towards the Coast and Other Essays: The Indian Ocean History and the Subcontinent Before 1500 CE
Authors: Selvakumar V.
Published: May 2022

Ranabir Chakravarti, The Pull Towards the Coast and Other Essays: The Indian Ocean History and the Subcontinent Before 1500 CE, Primus Books, New Delhi, 2020, xiv + 326 pp., ₹1395, ISBN: 978-81-947869-4-8.
The novel ProtekDuo ventricular assist device: Configurations, technical aspects, and present evidence
Authors: Maybauer Marc O , Koerner Michael M , Swol Justyna , El Banayosy Aly , Maybauer Dirk M
Published: May 2022

The ProtekDuo, single site dual lumen cannula can be used in a multitude of configurations. In the medical literature, the ProtekDuo is described as right ventricular assist device (RVAD), as left ventricular assist device (LVAD), as biventricular assist device (BiVAD) when combined with an Impella device or other LVAD’s, as double lumen drainage cannula on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), as RVAD with oxygenator, in veno-pulmonary (V-P) ECMO configuration, venovenous-pulmonary (VV-P) ECMO configuration with additional drainage cannula, and in veno-venopulmonary (V-VP) ECMO configuration as double lumen return cannula. Improvements in flow and oxygenation have been recognized in various settings and need further scientific evaluation. We summarized the above-mentioned configurations, technical aspects, and the present literature available for the ProtekDuo.
Use of the CytoSorb® filter for elimination of residual therapeutic argatroban concentrations during heparinized cardiopulmonary bypass for heart transplantation
Authors: Koster Andreas , Warkentin Helmuth , von Dossow Vera , Morshuis Michiel
Published: May 2022

Introduction:

No antidote or established extracorporeal elimination strategy is available for argatroban. Hemadsorption facilitates elimination of smaller drugs.

Case Report:

A 34-year-old patient underwent urgent heart transplantation. Because of a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, preoperative anticoagulation was performed with argatroban. Despite ceasing of the continuous infusion of argatroban 2 h before surgery, concentration only declined from 0.60 μg/ml to 0.58 μg/ml before surgery, and the activated clotting time (ACT) value shortly was 223 s. Microvascular bleeding had been observed when starting surgery. A CytoSorb® absorption column was integrated into the system of the heparin-anticoagulated cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit and a flow of 400 mL/min provided during the 2 h of extracorporeal circulation. The argatroban concentration after weaning from CPB was 0.04 μg/ml and satisfying hemostasis had been achieved after protamine administration.

Conclusion:

Data indicate that the CytoSorb® absorption column might be an effective tool for quick extracorporeal removal of therapeutic concentrations of argatroban.
Intravoxel incoherent motion MRI for rectal cancer: correlation of diffusion and perfusion characteristics with clinical-pathologic factors
Authors: Zhou Bijing , Zhou Yiming , Tang Yibo , Bao Yun , Zou Liping , Yao Zhenwei , Feng Xiaoyuan
Published: May 2022

Background

Colorectal cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become a promising alternative method for staging the cancer.

Purpose

To evaluate parameters of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) and their relationships with clinical-pathologic factors in rectal cancers.

Material and Methods

A total of 51 patients with histopathologically proven rectal cancer who underwent preoperative pelvic MRI were prospectively enrolled. Parameters (ADC, D, D*, and f) derived from IVIM–diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were independently measured by two radiologists. Student’s t-test, receiver operating characteristic curves, and Spearman correlation were used for statistical analysis.

Results

ADC, D, and D* were significantly higher in pT1–2 tumors than in pT3–4 tumors (1.108 ± 0.233 vs. 0.950 ± 0.176, 0.796 ± 0.199 vs. 0.684 ± 0.114, 0.013 ± 0.005 vs. 0.008 ± 0.003, respectively; P < 0.05). D* exhibited a strong correlation with the tumor stage ( r = −0.675, P < 0.001). In poorly differentiated cluster (PDC) grading, ADC, D*, and f were significantly lower in high-grade tumors than in low-grade tumors (0.905 ± 0.148 vs. 1.064 ± 0.200, 0.008 ± 0.002 vs. 0.011 ± 0.005, and 0.252 ± 0.032 vs. 0.348 ± 0.058, respectively; P < 0.05). The f value exhibited a significantly strong correlation with the PDC grades ( r = −0.842, P < 0.001), and higher sensitivity and specificity (95.2% and 75.9%) than those shown by the ADC, D, and D* values.

Conclusion

IVIM parameters, especially f, demonstrated a strong correlation with histologic grades and showed a better performance in differentiating between high- and low-grade rectal cancers. These parameters would be helpful in predicting tumor aggressiveness and prognosis.
The State, Village Communities and the Brahmanas in Goa (1000–1600 ce)
Authors: Rao Nagendra
Published: May 2022

The village communities of Goa, like their counterparts in Karnataka, performed an important function. They provided the spiritual and material bases for the process of state formation. The kings selected the Brahmanas as the spiritual and secular beneficiaries and gave land grants to them. On the one hand, they went a long a way in legitimising the position of the king and creating a material basis essential for state formation, a continuous process that involved not only political but also socio-economic processes. Land grants to the Brahmanas ensured social stability and order as the Brahmanas could provide the spiritual strength to the king and encourage the Sudra peasants to respect the state orders. On the other hand, they ensured agricultural production and maintenance of the irrigational projects. Interestingly, the Portuguese continued the policy of the Hindu kings by establishing a close relationship with the Brahmanas, at least in the initial years of their rule. This article shows the spiritual and material bases of the village communities of Goa. It contends that along with the process of state formation in Goa, there was an increase in the number of village communities.
Prediction of compressive strength of fiber-reinforced polymers-confined cylindrical concrete using artificial intelligence methods
Authors: Jamali Faride , Mousavi Seyed Roohollah , Peyma Abdolhamid Bahr , Moodi Yaser
Published: May 2022

Compressive strength is the ability of materials to withstand loads without deformation or cracking. It is one of the most important criteria for evaluating the properties of concrete. The use of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) to Strengthen concrete columns and as a supplement to improve some properties of concrete materials has received much attention in recent decades. Therefore, it is important to investigate and determine the compressive strength of confined concrete with FRP sheets. In this study, a comprehensive database containing 1066 specimens of concrete cylinders confined with FRP sheets has been collected. Then, using machine learning methods, the estimation and evaluation of the compressive strength of the mentioned specimens were discussed. The artificial neural network of multilayer perceptron (MLP) and support vector regression (SVR), fuzzy neural inference system (ANFIS), and its combination with particle swarm algorithm (PSO) and kriging interpolation method are the methods used in this study. Subsequently, these methods were compared with the models presented in previous studies. The results of this comparison show that the kriging interpolation method with a correlation coefficient of 0.985 in estimating compressive strength has the lowest error compared to other models.
Optimizing Post-Acute Care Patient Safety: A Scoping Review of Multifactorial Fall Prevention Interventions for Older Adults
Authors: Leland Natalie E. , Lekovitch Cara , Martínez Jenny , Rouch Stephanie , Harding Patrick , Wong Carin
Published: May 2022

Accidental falls are preventable adverse events for older post-acute care (PAC) patients. Yet, due to the functional and medical care needs of this population, there is little guidance to inform multidisciplinary prevention efforts. This scoping review aims to characterize the evidence for multifactorial PAC fall prevention interventions. Of the 33 included studies, common PAC intervention domains included implementing facility-based strategies (e.g., staff education), evaluating patient-specific fall risk factors (e.g., function), and developing an individualized risk profile and treatment plan that targets the patient’s constellation of fall risk factors. However, there was variability across studies in how and to what extent the domains were addressed. While further research is warranted, health system efforts to prevent accidental falls in PAC should consider a patient-centered multifactorial approach that fosters a culture of safety, addresses individuals’ fall risk, and champions a multidisciplinary team.
Touring ‘post conflict’ Belfast
Authors: Leonard Colin
Published: May 2022

The purpose of this paper is to explore Belfast as a site of ‘dark tourism’ through a case study of Coiste which is a tour company based in West Belfast which employs former political prisoners as tour guides. These tours advertise themselves as providing an ‘authentic’ account of ‘the troubles’ through a broad republican lens. This outlook frames the narrative within which the history of Belfast is discussed by those who are considered as former ‘terrorists’ who draw on their lived experiences of taking part in violent conflict. While the example may seem as an unlikely contender for the role that tourism can play in peace transformation processes, nonetheless, the discourses on offer provide a necessary addition to mainstream tourism products which often involve sanitising the past and airbrushing history by turning it into an uncontentious, consumable tourist commodity. The paper is based on ‘walk and talk’ interviews with tour guides and Tripadvisor Reviews of these tours.