bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Catalyst for the Reductive Elimination of Acylated Glycosyl Bromides to Form Glycals.
Authors: Stick Robert V. , Stubbs Keith A. , Tilbrook D. Matthew G. , Watts Andrew G.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antiinfluenza Virus Activity of 4‐Guanidino‐7‐substituted Neu5Ac2en Derivatives.
Authors: Honda Takeshi , Masuda Takeshi , Yoshida Shuku , Arai Masami , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Yamashita Makoto
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthetic Studies Toward Hennoxazole A. Use of a Selective Bisoxazole Alkylation as the Key Fragment Coupling.
Authors: Smith Thomas E. , Balskus Emily P.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Application of Olefin Metathesis to the Synthesis of ABE Ring Analogues of Methyllycaconitine.
Authors: Barker David , McLeod Malcolm D. , Brimble Margaret A. , Savage G. Paul
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Inhibition of ADP‐Triggered Blood Platelet Aggregation by Diadenosine Polyphosphate Analogues.
Authors: Walkowiak Bogdan , Baraniak Janina , Cierniewski Czeslaw S. , Stec Wojciech
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of New 1,2,3‐Triazole Acyclonucleosides Analogues of ACV.
Authors: Radi Smaail , Lazrek Hassan B.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Two New Pyranoflavanones from the Stems of Derris reticulata.
Authors: Mahidol Chulabhorn , Prawat Hunsa , Kaweetripob Wirongrong , Ruchirawat Somsak
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ustalic Acid as a Toxin and Related Compounds from the Mushroom Tricholoma ustale.
Authors: Sano Yosuke , Sayama Kazutoshi , Arimoto Yasushi , Inakuma Takahiro , Kobayashi Kimiko , Koshino Hiroyuki , Kawagishi Hirokazu
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ascochital, a New Metabolite from the Marine Ascomycete Kirschsteiniothelia maritima
Authors: Kusnick C. , Jansen R. , Liberra K. , Lindequist U.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Tanikolide (IX)
Authors: Zhang Ruzhou , Wang Zhiqin , Wei Fengping , Huang Yongren
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Discovery of Non‐zwitterionic GABAA Receptor Full Agonists and a Superagonist.
Authors: Carlier Paul R. , Chow Ella S.‐H. , Barlow Rebecca L. , Bloomquist Jeffrey R.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antimycobacterial Activity of 3‐Aryl‐, 3‐Cyclohexyl‐ and 3‐Heteroaryl‐substituted‐2‐(1H(2H)‐benzotriazol‐1 (2)‐yl)prop‐2‐enenitriles, Prop‐2‐enamides and Propenoic Acids. Part 2.
Authors: Sanna Paolo , Carta Antonio , Gherardini Laura , Nikookar Mohammad Esmail Rahbar
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure—Activity Relationships of Non‐imidazole H3 Receptor Ligands. Part 2. Binding Preference for D‐Amino Acids Motifs.
Authors: Faghih Ramin , et al. et al.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High‐Temperature Superconductors Based on Complex Layered Copper Oxyfluorides
Authors: Abakumov A. M. , Rozova M. G. , Ardashnikova E. I. , Antipov E. V.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Quasicrystals 2001
Authors: several authors several authors
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Syntheses of the Sedum and Related Alkaloids
Authors: Bates Roderick W. , Sa‐Ei Kanicha
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Steroids: Reactions and Partial Synthesis
Authors: Hanson J. R.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Triterpenoids
Authors: Connolly Joseph D. , Hill Robert A.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chloroquine Resistance in the Malarial Parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Ursos Lyann M. B. , Roepe Paul D.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Antitumor Mechanisms of Valproate: A Novel Role for an Old Drug
Authors: Blaheta Roman A. , Cinatl Jr. Jindrich
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the Naturally Occurring Lactones (‐)‐Osmundalactone and (‐)‐Muricatacine Using Ring‐Closing Metathesis.
Authors: Carda Miguel , Rodriguez Santiago , Gonzalez Florenci , Castillo Encarnacion , Villanueva Alicia , Marco J. Alberto
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Equilibria, Phases and Chemical Compounds in the Ti—C System
Authors: Gusev A. I.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Selenocysteine Derivatives for Chemoselective Ligations
Authors: Gieselman Matt D. , Zhu Yantao , Zhou Hao , Galonic Danica , van der Donk Wilfred A.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Automated Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Oligosaccharides
Authors: Seeberger Peter H.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Aspects of an AGEing Chemistry — Recent Developments Concerning the Maillard Reaction
Authors: Gerrard Juliet A.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thiacalixarene. A New Molecular Scaffold for Host Molecules
Authors: Morohashi Naoya , Iki Nobuhiko , Miyano Sotaro
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Biomolecular and Supramolecular Kinetics in the Submicrosecond Time Range: The Fluorazophore Approach
Authors: Nau Werner M. , Wang Xiaojuan
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular Toxicological Mechanism of the Lethal Interactions of the New Antiviral Drug, Sorivudine, with 5‐Fluorouracil Prodrugs and Genetic Deficiency of Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase
Authors: Watabe Tadashi , Ogura Kenichiro , Nishiyama Takahito
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Routine Monitoring of the Anthroposphere Using the Products of Waste Disposal — Present State of Development
Authors: Morf L. S.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Substrate Arrays as Enzyme Fingerprinting Tools
Authors: Reymond Jean‐Louis , Wahler Denis
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ionic Liquids as Novel Diluents for Solvent Extraction of Metal Salts by Crown Ethers
Authors: Bartsch Richard A. , Chun Sangki , Dzyuba Sergei V.
Published: May 2010

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High‐throughput screening of chemical exchange saturation transfer MR contrast agents
Authors: Liu Guanshu , Gilad Assaf A. , Bulte Jeff W. M. , van Zijl Peter C. M. , McMahon Michael T.
Published: May 2010

A new high‐throughput MRI method for screening chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) agents is demonstrated, allowing simultaneous testing of multiple samples with minimal attention to sample configuration and shimming of the main magnetic field (B0). This approach, which is applicable to diamagnetic, paramagnetic and liposome CEST agents, employs a set of inexpensive glass or plastic capillary tubes containing CEST agents put together in a cheap plastic tube holder, without the need for liquid between the tubes to reduce magnetic susceptibility effects. In this setup, a reference image of direct water saturation spectra is acquired in order to map the absolute water frequency for each volume element (voxel) in the sample image, followed by an image of saturation transfer spectra to determine the CEST properties. Even though the field over the total sample is very inhomogeneous due to air–tube interfaces, the shape of the direct saturation spectra is not affected, allowing removal of susceptibility shift effects from the CEST data by using the absolute water frequencies from the reference map. As a result, quantitative information such as the mean CEST intensity for each sample can be extracted for multiple CEST agents at once. As an initial application, we demonstrate rapid screening of a library of 16 polypeptides for their CEST properties, but in principle the number of tubes is limited only by the available signal‐noise‐ratio, field of view and gradient strength for imaging. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Systemic therapy of inflammatory breast cancer from high‐dose chemotherapy to targeted therapies
Authors: Viens Patrice , Tarpin Carole , Roche Henri , Bertucci François
Published: May 2010

BACKGROUND:

Aggressiveness of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is related to its metastatic potential. The introduction of primary chemotherapy in the multimodality treatment has dramatically changed the prognosis. However, survival remains poor. Since 1995, innovative systemic therapies have been assessed in France in multicentric clinical trials, initially centered on high‐dose chemotherapy (HDC) with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and, more recently, on targeted therapies.

METHODS:

The authors present the rationale and first results of these French studies specifically dedicated to nonmetastastic IBC.

RESULTS:

More than 380 patients have been included in 5 trials. The first 3 trials enrolled 329 women and concerned HDC (PEGASE 02, 05, 07). PEGASE 02 and PEGASE 05 showed a high pathological complete response rate (30%) after primary sequential HDC, and suggested that more than 4 cycles does not seem to provide any benefit. PEGASE 07 tested adjuvant maintenance chemotherapy after neoadjuvant HDC. Analysis is ongoing. The 2 other trials currently underway combine targeted therapies with conventional‐dose chemotherapy in ERBB2‐negative (Beverly 1 trial; bevacizumab) and ERBB2‐positive (Beverly 2; bevacizumab and trastuzumab) IBC.

CONCLUSIONS:

HDC with HSCT remains experimental with high pCR rates and which likely benefits to subgroups of patients that remain to be identified. Targeted therapies, such as anti‐ERBB2 and antiangiogenic drugs, are being tested, and should improve survival as demonstrated in non‐IBC. With emerging targeted drugs, there is hope that a cure becomes an achievable goal for more patients. Because of the rarity and the heterogeneity of disease, well‐designed large‐scale collaborative studies are mandatory. Cancer 2010;116(11 suppl):2829–36. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Targeted therapy in inflammatory breast cancer
Authors: Yamauchi Hideko , Ueno Naoto T.
Published: May 2010

Despite the introduction of multimodality treatment approaches, the prognosis of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is poor. Recent developments in molecular targeted therapy may be effective against IBC. The authors report the results of a literature review. Trastuzumab and lapatinib, which target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2), have demonstrated benefit in clinical trials for HER‐2–positive breast cancers. WNT1‐inducible signaling pathway protein 3, Ras homolog gene family member C guanosine triphosphatase, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and p27kip1 also have been studied as potential targets in IBC. Molecular targets in vasculolymphatic processes (angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and vasculogenesis) have demonstrated greater potential in IBC than in non‐IBC. Although loss of E‐cadherin is a hallmark of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition and may correlate with the promotion of metastasis, paradoxically, E‐cadherin is overexpressed in IBC through an unknown mechanism. On the basis of dissecting the molecular mechanism of the aggressiveness of IBC, the authors currently are investigating whether EGFR may aid in developing innovative targeted therapies. Cancer 2010;116(11 suppl):2758–9. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Inflammatory breast cancer in Tunisia
Authors: Boussen Hamouda , Bouzaiene Hatem , Ben Hassouna Jamel , Dhiab Tarek , Khomsi Fathi , Benna Farouk , Gamoudi Amor , Mourali Nejib , Hechiche Monia , Rahal Khaled , Levine Paul H.
Published: May 2010

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is characterized by a peculiar geographic distribution in incidence, being described as more common in Tunisia and the region of North Africa. The authors performed a systematic review of published literature on rapidly progressing breast cancer and IBC in Tunisia and analyzed the evolution in epidemiology, clinical presentation, treatment, and therapeutic results. They collected, analyzed, and compared all the indexed Tunisian articles about rapidly progressing breast cancer and IBC since the 1970s opening of the Institut Salah Azaiz Institute in Tunis. In the 1970s, rapidly progressing breast cancer diagnosis was based on the Poussée Évolutive classification (1‐3). Since the 1990s, IBC diagnosis has been based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer Poussée Évolutive 3/T4d staging. The authors compared the historical data to the most recent publications in terms of epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and therapeutic results. The most important historical report of rapidly progressing breast cancer concerned 340 patients, representing 58.5% of a cohort of 581 breast cancer patients collected from 1969 to 1974, including 320 (55.2%) with inflammatory signs, 37(6.5%) with Poussée Évolutive 2, and 283 (48.7%) with Poussée Évolutive 3. Subsequent papers have documented a steady decrease in incidence to the current 5% to 7% T4d/IBC. Since the 1970s, Poussée Évolutive in premenopausal woman has increased from 52.5% to 75%; rural predominance has persisted. The 5‐year overall survival reached 28% by the year 2000. The authors' analysis demonstrated a trend of decreasing incidence of IBC diagnoses from 50% to presently <10%, probably related to a combination of factors, including the use of more stringent criteria (Poussée Évolutive 3/T4d) for IBC diagnosis and an improvement in the socioeconomic level of Tunisia. Cancer 2010;116(11 suppl):2730–5. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Is there a role for mammary stem cells in inflammatory breast carcinoma?
Authors: Van Laere Steven , Limame Ridha , Van Marck Eric A. , Vermeulen Peter B. , Dirix Luc Y.
Published: May 2010

Stem cells are pluripotent cells, with a large replicative potential, which perform normal physiological functions such as tissue renewal and damage repair. However, because of their long lifespan and high replicative potential, stem cells are ideal targets to accumulate multiple mutations. Therefore, they can be regarded as being responsible for the initiation of tumor formation. In the past, numerous studies have shown that the presence of an elaborate stem cell compartment within a tumor is associated with aggressive tumor cell behavior, frequent formation of metastases, resistance to therapy, and poor patient survival. From this perspective, tumors from patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype with a dismal clinical course, are most likely to be associated with stem cell biology. To date, this hypothesis is corroborated by evidence resulting from in vitro and in vivo experiments. Both gene and microRNA expression profiles highlighted several stem cell‐specific signal transduction pathways that are hyperactivated in IBC. Also, these stem cell‐specific signal transduction pathways seem to converge in the activation of nuclear factor‐kappa B, a molecular hallmark of IBC, and induction of epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. Recently, the latter mechanism was identified as a prerequisite for the induction of stem cell characteristics in breast cancer cells. Cancer 2010;116(11 suppl):2794–805. © 2010 American Cancer Society.
Lp theory for the multidimensional aggregation equation
Authors: Bertozzi Andrea L. , Laurent Thomas , Rosado Jesús
Published: May 2010

We consider well‐posedness of the aggregation equation ∂tu + div(uv) = 0, v = −▿K * u with initial data in
\input amssym ${\cal P}_2 {\rm (\Bbb R}^d {\rm )} \cap L^p ({\Bbb R}^d )$
in dimensions 2 and higher. We consider radially symmetric kernels where the singularity at the origin is of order |x|α, α > 2 − d, and prove local well‐posedness in \input amssym ${\cal P}_2 { (\Bbb R}^d {\rm )} \cap L^p ({\Bbb R}^d )$
for sufficiently large p < ps. In the special case of K(x) = |x|, the exponent ps = d/(d = 1) is sharp for local well‐posedness in that solutions can instantaneously concentrate mass for initial data in \input amssym ${\cal P}_2 { (\Bbb R}^d {\rm )} \cap L^p ({\Bbb R}^d )$
with p < ps. We also give an Osgood condition on the potential K(x) that guarantees global existence and uniqueness in \input amssym ${\cal P}_2 { (\Bbb R}^d {\rm )} \cap L^p ({\Bbb R}^d )$. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Specific isoforms of drosophila shroom define spatial requirements for the induction of apical constriction
Authors: Bolinger Cory , Zasadil Lauren , Rizaldy Ryan , Hildebrand Jeffrey D.
Published: May 2010

Vertebrate Shroom proteins define cytoskeletal organization and cellular architecture by binding directly to F‐actin and Rho‐kinase and spatially regulating the activity of nonmuscle myosin II (myosin II). Here, we report characterization and gain‐of‐function analysis of Drosophila Shroom. The dShrm locus expresses at least two protein isoforms, dShrmA and dShrmB, which localize to adherens junctions and the apical membrane, respectively. dShrmA and dShrmB exhibit differing abilities to induce apical constriction that are based on their subcellular distribution and the subsequent assembly of spatially and organizationally distinct actomyosin networks that are dependent on the ability to engage Rho‐kinase and the activity of myosin II. These data show that the differential subcellular distribution of naturally occurring isoforms of Shroom proteins can define both the position and organization of actomyosin networks in vivo. We further hypothesize that differentially positioned contractile arrays have distinct effects on cellular morphologies and behaviors. Developmental Dynamics 239:2078–2093, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Brain tissue volume changes following weight gain in adults with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Roberto Christina A. , Mayer Laurel E. S. , Brickman Adam M. , Barnes Anna , Muraskin Jordan , Yeung Lok‐Kin , Steffener Jason , Sy Melissa , Hirsch Joy , Stern Yaakov , Walsh B. Timothy
Published: May 2010

Objective:

To measure brain volume deficits among underweight patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) compared to control participants and evaluate the reversibility of these deficits with short‐term weight restoration.

Method:

Brain volume changes in gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were examined in 32 adult women with AN and compared to 21, age and body mass index‐range matched control women.

Results:

Patients with AN had a significant increase in GM (p = .006, η2 = 0.14) and WM volume (p = .001, η2 = 0.19) following weight restoration. Patients on average had lower levels of GM at low weight (647.63 ± 62.07 ml) compared to controls (679.93 ± 53.31 ml), which increased with weight restoration (662.64 ± 69.71 ml), but did not fully normalize.

Discussion:

This study suggests that underweight adult patients with AN have reduced GM and WM volumes that increase with short‐term weight restoration. © 2010 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:406–411)
Topographical and ecohydrological controls on land surface temperature in an alpine catchment
Authors: Bertoldi G. , Notarnicola C. , Leitinger G. , Endrizzi S. , Zebisch M. , Della Chiesa S. , Tappeiner U.
Published: May 2010

In mountain areas, land surface temperature (LST) is a key parameter in the surface energy budget and is controlled by a complex interplay of topography, incoming radiation and atmospheric processes, as well as soil moisture distribution, different land covers and vegetation types. In this contribution, the LST spatial distribution of the Stubai Valley in the Austrian Alps is simulated by the ecohydrological model GEOtop. This simulation is compared with ground observations and a Landsat image in order to assess the capacity of the model to represent land surface interactions in complex terrain, as well as to evaluate the relative importance of different environmental factors. The model describes the energy and mass exchanges between soil, vegetation and atmosphere. It takes account of land cover, soil moisture and the implications of topography on air temperature and solar radiation. The GEOtop model is able to reproduce the spatial patterns of the LST distribution estimated from remote sensing, with a correlation coefficient of 0·88 and minimal calibration of the model parameters. Results show that, for the humid climate considered in this study, the major factors controlling LST spatial distribution are incoming solar radiation and land cover variability. Along mountain ridges and south‐exposed steep slopes, soil moisture distribution has only a minor effect on LST. North‐ and south‐facing slopes reveal a distinct thermal behaviour. In fact, LST appears to follow the air temperature vertical gradient along north‐facing slopes, while along south‐facing slopes, the LST vertical gradient is strongly modified by land cover type. Both Landsat observations and model simulations confirm field evidence of strong warming of alpine low vegetation during sunny days and indicate that these effects have an impact at a regional scale. Our results indicate that in order to simulate LST in mountain environments using a spatially distributed hydrological model, a key factor is the capacity to explicitly simulate the effects of complex topography on the surface energy exchange processes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spontaneous Resolution and Carbonation of Chiral Benzyllithium Complexes
Authors: Lennartson Anders , Sundberg Jonas , Wiklund Tove , Hilmersson Göran , Håkansson Mikael
Published: May 2010

In search for new examples of absolute asymmetric synthesis (AAS), chiral α‐substituted benzyllithium complexes have been prepared. While [Li(phet)(pmdta)] (1) (phet = 1‐phenylethyl, pmdta = N,N,N′,N″,N″‐pentamethyldiethylenetriamine) affords only racemic crystals, a promising candidate for AAS was indeed found: [Li(phet)(tmpda)], α‐2, (tmpda = N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylpropylenediamine) crystallises as a conglomerate. Although concomitant polymorphism was not observed, a racemic phase (β‐2) could also be isolated. Chiral crystals of α‐2 gave 2‐phenylpropionic acid in high yield on reaction with gaseous CO2, but the bulk product was racemic. It is unclear whether the lack of selectivity originates during crystallisation or carbonation. In order to investigate this, similar complexes displaying Si or S atoms in the α‐position were prepared and structurally characterized: [Li(tmsb)(tmpda)] (tmsb = 1‐trimetylsilylbenzyl) (3), [Li{C(CH3)(Ph)(SPh)}(pmdta)] (4), [Li{C(CH3)(Ph)(SPh)}(tmeda)] (5), and [Li(tmeda)2][C(CH3)(Ph)(SPh)] (6). The introduction of heavy atoms should allow determination of absolute configuration and enantiopurity, but so far only racemic crystals have been obtained.
Polymorphism of Fluoroargentates(II): Facile Collapse of a Layered Network of α‐K2AgF4 Due to the Insufficient Size of the Potassium Cation
Authors: Kurzydłowski Dominik , Derzsi Marianna , Budzianowski Armand , Jagličić Zvonko , Koźmiński Wiktor , Mazej Zoran , Grochala Wojciech
Published: May 2010

We report the crystal structure and magnetic properties of a novel β polymorph of K2AgF4. β‐K2AgF4 is paramagnetic above 20 K and exhibits a low Curie temperature (θ < 5 K). Solid state DFT (GGA and GGA+U) calculations were performed to analyze the electronic and magnetic structure of β‐K2AgF4 at 0 K/0 GPa, reproducing correctly the ferromagnetic (FM) semiconductor ground state with the band gap at the Fermi level of approximately 1.65 eV. Furthermore, we show that the novel β form is thermodynamically favoured over the previously reported two‐dimensional α form and can be formed either by slow spontaneous exothermic α to β phase transition occurring on heating or direct synthesis from KF and AgF2 at 300 °C. The relative stability of the α and β phases is rationalized in terms of the size of the M+ cation in the M2M′F4 series (M = Na, K, Cs, M′ = Cu, Ag) and the mismatch between [MF] and [M′F4/2] sublattices in the layered perovskite α form.
Disilver(I) Coordination Complexes: Synthesis, Reaction Chemistry, and Their Potential Use in CVD and Spin‐Coating Processes for Silver Deposition
Authors: Jakob Alexander , Rüffer Tobias , Schmidt Heike , Djiele Patrice , Körbitz Kathrin , Ecorchard Petra , Haase Thomas , Kohse‐Höinghaus Katharina , Frühauf Swantje , Wächtler Thomas , Schulz Stefan , Gessner Thomas , Lang Heinrich
Published: May 2010

The synthesis of complexes [Ag2X] [X = O2CCO2 (3a), C4O4 (3b), O2CCH2CO2 (3c), O2C(CH2)2CO2 (3d), cis‐O2CCH=CHCO2 (3e), trans‐O2CCH=CHCO2 (3f), para‐O2CC6H4CO2 (3g)] and [(R3P)mAgXAg(PR3)m] [R = Ph, X = C4O4, m = 2 (10a), m = 3 (10b); R = nBu, X = O2CCH2CO2, m = 2 (10c), m = 3 (10d); X = O2C(CH2)2CO2, m = 1 (10e), m = 2 (10f), m = 3 (10g); X = cis‐O2CCH=CHCO2, m = 1 (10h), m = 2 (10i), m = 3 (10j); X = trans‐O2CCH=CHCO2, m = 1 (10k), m = 2 (10l), m = 3 (10m); X = para‐O2CC6H4CO2, m = 2 (10n)] is reported. Compoundds 3a–3g are accessible by the reaction of [AgNO3] (1) with H2X (2a–2g), while 10a–10n can be prepared by treatment of 3a–3g with PR3 (9a, R = Ph; 9b, R = nBu) in the ratios of 1:2, 1:4, or 1:6. When [{Ag(bipym)(NO3)·H2O}n] (6) (bipym = bipyrimidine) reacts with (HNEt3)2(O2CCO2) (7), [{Ag(bipym)Ag(O2CCO2)·4H2O}n] (5) and [{(bipym)(Ag(O2CCO2H))2}n] (8) are formed. The molecular structures for 5, 6, and 8 in the solid state are reported. For 5, the formation of a 3D network is characteristic, in which 1D chains of {Ag(bipym)Ag(O2CCO2)}n interact with each other through π–π interactions between the bipym ligands to extend in one direction, while H2O molecules act as connectivities thorugh the intermolecular H‐bridge formation to extend in the other direction. Polymeric 6 consists of 2D layers formed by individual 1D chains of {Ag(bipym)Ag(bipym)}n with π–π interactions between the bipym ligands. In 8, {(HO2CCO2)Ag(bipym)Ag(O2CCO2H)} units undergo intermolecular H‐bridge formation to create 2D layers, π–π interactions between individual bipym ligands produce a 3D network. The use of 10d as a CVD precursor in the deposition of Ag on glass by using a direct liquid injection system is discussed. The Ag films show a rough appearance and contain C impurities. The use of 10e and 10f as spin‐coating precursors for the deposition of Ag on TiN‐coated oxidized Si wafers is reported.
Nanostructures of Metal Tellurides (PbTe, CdTe, CoTe2, Bi2Te3, and Cu7Te4) with Various Morphologies: A General Solvothermal Synthesis and Optical Properties
Authors: Jiang Ling , Zhu Ying‐Jie , Cui Jing‐Biao
Published: May 2010

A general surfactant‐assisted solvothermal route was developed for the synthesis of a variety of metal telluride nanostructures. In this method, a corresponding metal salt,Na2TeO3, ascorbic acid, and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were used as reagents and a mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and water was used as the solvent. The synthesis of nanostructures including PbTe, CdTe, CoTe2, Bi2Te3, and Cu7Te4 with varied morphologies was demonstrated by using this general approach. The mechanisms of formation of thesetelluride nanostructures are discussed. The optical properties including UV/Vis absorption of Cu7Te4 and CdTe and photoluminescence of CoTe2 nanostructures are investigated.
The Advantage of Covalent Capture in the Combinatorial Screening of a Dynamic Library for the Detection of Weak Interactions
Authors: Martin Marco , Gasparini Giulio , Graziani Matteo , Prins Leonard J. , Scrimin Paolo
Published: May 2010

In this paper we address the advantage of screening a dynamic library by covalent capture in comparison with an approach in which the target is not covalently bound to the molecular receptor. The aim is the selection of recognition units for the binding of an anion (or polyanion) by relatively weak binding interactions, a situation typically found in supramolecular chemistry. To compare the two approaches, two model systems have been studied both based on the functionalization of a molecular platform by reversible imine formation. In the case of the noncovalently bound substrate, the platform P1 is a trisubstituted benzene unit, 2,4,6‐trimethylbenzene‐1,3,5‐tricarbaldehyde, to select three recognition arms for the binding of the trisodium salt of benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate. For the covalent‐capture‐based approach the platforms P2 and P4 are benzene derivatives with a tethered phosphonate target (tetrabutylammonium 2‐formylphenyl ethylphosphonate) for the selection of a single recognition unit. The library of recognition elements comprises phenyl‐ and ammonium‐functionalized amines. We show that the selection of recognition units for the binding of the substrate with weak to medium binding constants may encounter, by using a noncovalently bound substrate, serious problems. This is because the best conditions for the amplification of the library, that is, a large excess of variable recognition elements and target, lead also to competitive binding of the elements not bound to the platform with the target. This may result in negligible amplification of the best‐fit members of the library. In contrast, upon tethering the target to the platform and using the covalent‐capture strategy for the selection of the recognition elements, significant amplification is observed, even for systems with much lower binding constants. Although competition with excess recognition units may also become an issue in the case of the tethered target, there is a way to overcome the problem by working at low concentrations.
C–N Bond Formation Catalysed by CuI Bonded to Polyaniline Nanofiber
Authors: Arundhathi Racha , Kumar Desitti Chaitanya , Sreedhar Bojja
Published: May 2010

Polyaniline nanofiber as a macroligand for the supportedcuprous iodide catalyst (CuI‐PANInf) has been developed for the coupling of aryl halides (including aryl chlorides) with aliphatic, aromatic, and N(H)‐heterocyclic amines under ambient conditions (80 °C for aryl chlorides) has been developed. This simple and efficient method for coupling reactions is highly versatile, convenient, and also the catalyst can be used for several cycles with good‐to‐excellent yields.
Domino [3+3] Annulation/Ring‐Cleavage Reactions of 1,3‐Bis(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with 5‐Aryl‐ and 5‐Vinyl‐3‐acyl‐ 4,5‐dihydrofurans: Efficient Synthesis of 5‐(4‐Chlorobut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)‐ and 5‐(2‐Aryl‐2‐chloroethyl)salicylates
Authors: Lau Matthias , Sher Muhammad , Villinger Alexander , Fischer Christine , Langer Peter
Published: May 2010

The domino “[3+3] cyclization–ring‐opening” reactions of 1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with 3‐acetyl‐5‐vinyl‐4,5‐dihydrofurans afforded 5‐(4‐halobut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)salicylates. The reactions of 1,3‐bis(trimethylsilyloxy)‐1,3‐butadienes with 3‐acetyl‐5‐aryl‐4,5‐dihydrofurans gave 5‐(2‐aryl‐2‐chloroethyl)salicylates.
One‐Pot Syntheses of α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds through Palladium‐Mediated Dehydrogenation of Ketones, ­Aldehydes, Esters, Lactones and Amides
Authors: Muzart Jacques
Published: May 2010

This review highlights the different direct stoichiometric and catalytic palladium procedures leading to α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds from the corresponding ketones, aldehydes, esters, lactones and amides. The proposed mechanisms are described, in some cases with personal observations.
Efficient Sonogashira Coupling of Unprotected Halonucleosides in Aqueous Solvents Using Water‐Soluble Palladium Catalysts
Authors: Cho Joon Hyung , Prickett Caitlin D. , Shaughnessy Kevin H.
Published: May 2010

A variety of applications of C‐alkynylated nucleosides has prompted the continuing development of efficient synthetic methods for their preparation. We report an efficient andenvironmentally benign Sonogashira coupling reaction for alkynylation of unprotected halonucleosides in an aqueous solvent. The combination of Pd(OAc)2, CuI, and TXPTS [trisodium tri(2,4‐dimethyl‐5‐sulfonatophenyl)phosphane] provided an effective catalyst for the alkynylation of 8‐bromopurines and 5‐iodouridine in H2O/CH3CN (1:1) in yields ranging from 42 to 98 %.
Metabolites from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Phomopsis sp. (#zsu‐H76)
Authors: Yang Jianxiang , Xu Fang , Huang Caihuan , Li Jing , She Zhigang , Pei Zhong , Lin Yongcheng
Published: May 2010

Three unique metabolites, namely, phomopsis‐H76 A (1), B (2), and C (3), were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. (#zsu‐H76). Structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, mainly 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. Compound 1–3 are all dimers. Compounds 2 and 3 possesses a pyrano[4,3‐b]pyran‐5(2H)‐one ring system that is unprecedented in nature. Primary bioassays showed that 1 accelerated the growth of subintestinal vessel plexus (SIV) branch markedly, whereas 3 showed inhibition of SIV. Compounds 1–3 showed no activity in antibacterial and cytotoxic tests.
Chiral Triphenylprolinol Ligands for the Efficient Catalytic Asymmetric Arylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Moro Angélica Venturini , Tiekink Edward R. T. , Zukerman‐Schpector Julio , Lüdtke Diogo S. , Correia Carlos Roque D.
Published: May 2010

The synthesis of new chiral amino alcohols by Heck arylation of an enecarbamate is described. These compounds were used as chiral ligands for the catalytic asymmetric arylation of aldehydes and can be easily recovered. Chiral, nonracemic diarylmethanols were obtained in high yields and enantioselectivities.
The Effect of Bulky Substituents on the Formation of Symmetrically Trisubstituted Triptycenes
Authors: Chmiel Jasmin , Heesemann Ingo , Mix Andreas , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: May 2010

A series of 1,8‐dichloroanthracene precursor molecules with substituents in C‐10 position of different steric demand (cyclohexyl, tert‐butyl, methyl, isopropyl, n‐butyl, phenyl, benzyl, trimethylsilylethinyl) were synthesised and subjected to electrocyclic cycloadditions with chlorobenzyne generated from 3‐chloroanthranilic acid. The aim was to steer the regioselectivity of the addition reaction by the steric repulsion between this C‐10 substituent and the chlorine substituent at the benzyne intermediate. With H as C‐10 substituent the reaction leads to 23 % syn and 77 % anti form. With the small methyl group a syn/anti ratio of 37:63 was achieved. Contrary to our expectations the large C‐10 substituent tert‐butyl leads to 100 % selectivity for the anti form. The best results were achieved for the C‐10 substituent n‐butyl with a syn/anti ratio of 40:60. The crystal structures of five 1,8‐dichloroanthracenes with C‐10 substituents were determined, namely those with tert‐butyl, cyclohexyl, n‐butyl and phenyl groups. As expected the backbone of the tert‐butyl compound shows marked distortion of the planarity. Additionally, the crystal structures of three triptycenes were determined, namely those of the syn compound 1,8,13‐trichlorotriptycene and those of the anti compounds 10‐tert‐butyl‐1,8,16‐trichlorotriptycene and 1,8,16‐trichloro‐10‐methyltriptycene.
Feasibility of reirradiation of recurrent sinonasal carcinoma in the periorbital region using hypofractionated image‐guided intensity‐modulated radiation therapy
Authors: Thiagarajan Anuradha , Mechalakos James , Lee Nancy
Published: May 2010

Background

Recurrent periorbital tumors pose management challenges because they are often unresectable and chemorefractory. Proximity to critical structures renders reirradiation difficult. With image‐guided intensity‐modulated radiation therapy (IG‐IMRT), real‐time corrections to patient setup are possible, enabling significant shrinkage of planning target volume margins and safe dose escalation with hypofractionation. Here, we present our experience with hypofractionated IG‐IMRT in a patient with multiply recurrent sinonasal carcinomas in the periorbital region.

Methods

The patient is a 67‐year‐old woman with sinonasal carcinoma, treated with surgery and 2 prior courses of high‐dose radiotherapy. She developed a second tumor recurrence in the right lateral orbit, which was reirradiated using hypofractionated IG‐IMRT (24 Gy in 3 fractions).

Results

Near‐complete resolution of her ocular symptoms was observed at 4 months. Progress scans demonstrated a decrease in size of the orbital lesion.

Conclusion

Preliminary results of reirradiation using hypofractionated IG‐IMRT suggest that it is safe and effective. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Long‐term results of 28 esthesioneuroblastomas managed over 35 years
Authors: de Gabory Ludovic , Abdulkhaleq Habib Merza , Darrouzet Vincent , Bébéar Jean‐Pierre , Stoll Dominique
Published: May 2010

Background

The purpose of our study was to assess the long‐term results in the management of patients with esthesioneuroblastoma.

Methods

A total of 28 patients were retrospectively reviewed to analyze their clinical features, treatment outcomes, pattern of failures, and course of the disease.

Results

The patients were classified as 2 patients with T1, 10 patients with T2, 10 patients with T3, and 6 patients with T4; the results of all were included in this study. Twenty‐six patients underwent surgery and 23 had postoperative radiotherapy over the tumor bed, only 9 had radiotherapy over the nodes. The average follow‐up was 99.11 months. Fifteen‐year and 20‐year disease‐specific and disease‐free survival rates were 88.6% to 66.4% and 59.6% to 29.8%, respectively. Six patients had recurrences and 60% of them occurred more than 10 years after treatment. In the first decade, nodal recurrences appeared earlier than local ones when patients with N0 did not undergo neck irradiation.

Conclusion

Surgery on patients with T presentations and adjuvant radiotherapy on T and N0 neck presentations seem to be essential to treat esthesioneuroblastoma. A follow‐up for a minimum of 20 years is necessary to ensure complete cure. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Localization and identification of parapharyngeal metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma by 131I‐SPECT/CT
Authors: Qiu Zhong‐Ling , Xu Yan‐Hong , Song Hong‐Jun , Luo Quan‐Yong
Published: May 2010

Background

Parapharyngeal metastasis is a rare event in differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC). The 131I‐single photon emission CT (SPECT)/CT allows better localization and definition for metastases in DTC. The aim of this study was to assess the value of 131I‐SPECT/CT for the diagnosis of parapharyngeal metastasis in patients with DTC.

Methods

Consecutive patients with DTC (n = 561) treated with 131I for the ablation of remnant or treatment of metastases were enrolled. A 131I‐SPECT/CT was performed when there were abnormal findings indicative of parapharyngeal metastasis on 131I‐whole‐body scan (WBS).

Results

A total of 15 lesions were found to be parapharyngeal metastasis in 14 of 561 patients with DTC after the use of 131I‐SPECT/CT. The incidence rate of parapharyngeal metastasis was about 2.5% in DTC. Of the 15 lesions, only 5 lesions were CT‐positive. The remaining 10 lesions were either ignored or indeterminate by the CT alone.

Conclusion

The 131I‐SPECT/CT can identify parapharyngeal metastasis at an early stage. Parapharyngeal metastasis in DTC is relatively frequent after the use of 131I‐SPECT/CT. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Increased radiation sensitivity of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with sphingosine kinase 1 inhibition
Authors: Sinha Uttam K. , Schorn Victor J. , Hochstim Christian , Chinn Steven B. , Zhu Sutao , Masood Rizwan
Published: May 2010

Background

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) is an important regulator of apoptosis, survival, and proliferation in cancer cells. SphK1 expression in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) cell lines and tumor tissue was assessed, and the efficacy of SphK1 knockdown in increasing tumor radiosensitivity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

Methods

Expression of SphK1 was determined by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) in 34 prospectively collected HNSCC tumor samples. HNSCC cell lines squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)‐15 and SCC‐25 were treated with SphK1 inhibitor SKI‐II and siRNA targeting SphK1 with and without radiation, and the cell viability was assessed. SCC‐15 cells with and without transfection of SphK1 siRNA were then injected into athymic nude mice to develop tumor xenografts, and these 2 groups were further divided into 1 group that received radiation and 1 group that did not. Tumor size was measured over 18 days, when the animals were killed and the tumors were evaluated by immunohistochemistry.

Results

SphK1 is found in both HNSCC cell lines and human tumor samples, with higher expression correlated with advanced tumor stage, nodal involvement, and recurrence. In vitro, both SCC‐15 and SCC‐25 were found to be radioresistant; however, they were sensitized by administration of SKI‐II and transfection with siRNA targeting SphK1. In vivo, SphK1‐siRNA transfected xenografts were decreased in size compared with both nonradiated control and radiated control mice, whereas mice with both SphK1‐siRNA and radiation treatment showed a synergistic reduction in tumor volume. Histopathologic analysis demonstrated a decreased proliferative state in SphK1‐siRNA transfected tumors.

Conclusion

SphK1 is upregulated in HNSCC, and inhibition of SphK1 sensitizes HNSCC to radiation‐induced cytotoxicity. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Immunoregulatory properties of CD44+ cancer stem‐like cells in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Chikamatsu Kazuaki , Takahashi Goro , Sakakura Koichi , Ferrone Soldano , Masuyama Keisuke
Published: May 2010

Background

CD44 was found as a surface marker in cancer stem cell (CSC) of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN); however, the immunologic properties of such CSCs have not yet been elucidated.

Methods

The immunologic properties of CD44+ cancer stem‐like cells were compared with those of CD44‐ cells using flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

CD44+ cells exhibited weak HLA‐A2 and class II expression. Interestingly, downregulation of transporter antigen processing (TAP)2 was found in CD44+ cells. The CD44+ cell population produced significantly higher levels of interleukin (IL)‐8, granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), and transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β than the CD44‐ cell population. Moreover, CD44+ cells have been shown to not only more strongly inhibit T‐cell proliferation, but also to more efficiently inhibit regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSC) as compared with CD44‐ cells. Additionally, CD44+ cells suppressed Th1 responses and enhanced regulatory T cell responses.

Conclusion

CSCs might have higher malignant potential with numerous escape strategies from immune attack. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Expression of the Sonic hedgehog pathway in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and the mucosa of the head and neck
Authors: Schneider Sven , Thurnher Dietmar , Kloimstein Philipp , Leitner Verena , Petzelbauer Peter , Pammer Johannes , Brunner Markus , Erovic Boban M.
Published: May 2010

Background

Activation of the hedgehog pathway may contribute to carcinogenesis. This study characterizes the expression pattern in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and the head and neck.

Methods

Tissue microarrays were constructed with samples of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin and the head and neck. All tissue samples were immunohistochemically stained for 7 Hedgehog pathway molecules.

Results

Significant (p < .0001) overexpression of all evaluated molecules could be observed in the tumor samples compared with healthy control tissues. Expression of Gli‐2 showed significant upregulation and that of Smoothened and Patched significant downregulation in head and neck compared with skin carcinoma. High expression of Sonic hedgehog correlates significantly (p = .001) with poor overall survival in patients with head and neck cancer.

Conclusions

Hedgehog signaling is differentially regulated in squamous cell carcinomas of the skin and the head and neck. Sonic hedgehog expression may serve as a prognostic factor in patients with head and neck cancer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring to determine long‐term success of total parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Moor James W. , Roberts Steven , Atkin Steven L. , England R. James A.
Published: May 2010

Background

Use of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (ioPTH) monitoring during total parathyroidectomy for secondary hyperparathyroidism is common, although its ability to predict long‐term normoparathyroid state is not known.

Methods

Prospective evaluation of 57 consecutive patients undergoing total parathyroidectomy for renal hyperparathyroidism with ioPTH monitoring and follow‐up PTH assays were used to categorize the patients into 3 groups: success, adequate biochemical control, and failure.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in percentage reduction of ioPTH between the 3 groups (p = .07), although there was a moderate negative correlation between percentage reduction of ioPTH and percentage reduction of PTH at follow‐up (R = 0.57).

Conclusions

When used under current guidelines, ioPTH monitoring is of no use in predicting long‐term cure for these patients because it does not predict success. Patients that undergo total parathyroidectomy are required to have long‐term calcium and PTH assay follow‐up because normoparathyroidism cannot be assumed. Using the regression equation calculated, success may be predicted for future patients. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2010
Downregulation of Ches1 and other novel genes in oral cancer cells chronically exposed to areca nut extract
Authors: Chen Yin‐Ju , Liao Chun‐Ta , Chen Po‐Jen , Lee Li‐Yu , Li Yi‐Chen , Chen I‐How , Wang Hung‐Ming , Chang Joseph T. , Chen Li‐Ju , Yen Tzu‐Chen , Tang Chuan‐Yi , Cheng Ann‐Joy
Published: May 2010

Background

This study was undertaken to identify the genes in response to areca nut extract, a potential carcinogen of oral cancer.

Methods

Two oral cancer sublines chronically treated with areca nut extract were established. Methods such as microarray and immunohistochemistry were used to screen and validate the genes' altered expressions in areca nut extract‐sublines or in cancer tissues.

Results

A total of 35 genes were differentially expressed in both sublines. Several functional pathways were significantly altered. Six genes were confirmed over 2‐fold of changes, including Ches1. Functional analyses showed that overexpression of Ches1 suppressed cell growth and arrested cells in the G2/M phase. Consistently, this gene has reduced expression in 52% of oral cancer tissues, which was significantly correlated with the areca nut chewing habit of patients (p = .04).

Conclusion

We identified 35 candidates and validated 6 genes that may be associated with areca nut‐induced oral cancer. Loss of Ches1 may be attributed to areca nut extract–induced oral carcinogenesis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011