bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing contributors and PM10 dispersion around Tugu Juang and in governor office area of Jambi City, Indonesia
Authors: Handika R A , Lestari R A , Saputra R
Published: December 2019

Sources origin of particulates matter (PM) especially which is under 10 µm (PM10) become important because of its characteristic as a transboundary pollutant, besides human health effect in the respiratory system. Whilemethod to recognise the susceptible areas that have PM10risk need to be developed, NOAA’s HYSPLIT has been applied as a tool to the PM trajectory and dispersion analysis whichwas used to predict PM from the fire forest and volcanic ash in the first time. This research aimed to understand the PM10 trajectories and dispersions around Tugu Juang and Jambi’s in the Provincial Government Office in Jambi cityon weekday and weekend to recognise PM10 source origin and dispersion. The results showedthat the source origin both in Tugu Juang area and also in the Provincial Government Office location did not just come from the local area, but also came from the near Provinces which wereSumatera Selatan and Lampung, and also even until from the sea near from Bangka Belitung Island. Moreover, PM10 disperse direction in Tugu Juang zone on a weekday was to the west in daylight subsequently to the north at evening the and on weekend was still in that area in the daytime, afterwards moved to the west and went to the north in the evening. Whereas, in the Provincial Government Office location, PM10 dispersion moved on a weekday from the northwest in the daytime, later went to the west in the evening and on weekend ranged to the west in daylight moved to the north.
Food products with ingredients rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fat acids
Authors: Volchenko V , Grokhovsky V , Kuranova L , Kovaleva O , Nesvyaschenko S , Glukharev A
Published: December 2019

The paper shows the possibility of enriching various food products with polyunsaturated fat acids of the ω-3 group (ω-3 PUFA). A method is proposed for using a microwave-treated cod liver as the basis for a number of products, including culinary ones. Cod liver oil separated during microwave treatment is also used as a source of ω-3 PUFA. The series of products includes culinary products: salad and zrazy, as well as meat and fish sausages produced without the use of sodium nitrite as a color stabilizer. The results of experimental studies in the development of technology and the selection of the optimal composition of various products with a microwave treated cod liver (salad and zrazy, meat and fish sausages) are presented. It was found that fish oil separated during microwave treatment of cod liver can be used as an oxidizing baking improver, and glutathione from yeast - as a reducing agent. According to the results of the experiments, the most acceptable food formulations were selected.
Corneal ulcers associated with FHV-1 in cats
Authors: Kartashov Sergey , Kartashova Evgeniya , Butenkov Alexander , Rakityanskaya Anastasia , Petrova Marina , Oboeva Maria , Sultanova Maria
Published: December 2019

Corneal ulcer is a common pathology of the anterior part of the eye in cats, of various etiologies, but clinically manifested stereotypically, by the loss of corneal epithelium with a positive fluorescein test and pain. An analysis of 184 cases of various problems of the organs of vision revealed that the incidence of this pathology in the Rostov region is more than 70%. Corneal ulcers of any etiology with simultaneous infection caused by FHV-1 respond better to therapy with systemic antiviral and anti-collagenase drugs. Combined therapy of corneal ulcers in cats with the simultaneous administration of “Famciclovir” and heterogeneous serum significantly reduces the recovery time of the corneal epithelium.
Cytological diagnosis of infectious conjunctivitis in cats
Authors: Kartashov S , Rakitjanskaya A , Petrova M , Sultanova M , Oboeva M
Published: December 2019

Cytological examination of conjunctival smears obtained from cats with conjunctivitis can reveal the severity and type of inflammation and diagnose conjunctivitis caused by Chlamydophila felis. The diagnosis of chlamydia was made by the study of material taken from the conjunctival sac with a sterile cotton swab by PCR. Material for cytological examination was taken from these cats. Cytological examination of inclusions interpreted as chlamydial, was detected in all cytologic smears from sick cats, and has not been detected in none of healthy cats. Thus, cytological examination is a convenient, non-invasive, easily feasible method, which is suitable for rapid diagnosis of chlamydial conjunctivitis in cats.
Prevention and rehabilitation of dairy herd from cattle leukemia
Authors: Zubova T , Pleshkov V , Chalova N , Prokhorov O , Smolovskaia O , Izhmulkina E , Mironov A
Published: December 2019

The main diagnostic aids and response methods for the cattle leukemia virus that are currently used are represented in the article. The wide spread of the disease is caused by a fairly easy transmission of the virus, the lack of early diagnostic methods, vaccination and treatment. The problem of the cattle leukemia virus is very acute and is an urgent issue in animal husbandry, which requires an urgent solution.
Reproduction of soil fertility: research of physical and chemical characteristics of soils
Authors: Yakovchenko M , Kosolapova A
Published: December 2019

This paper presents some results of studies of the physical and chemical parameters of the rock dump of the section of “Koksovy” Plot” LLC, Prokopyevsky District, Kemerovo Region. The influence of physical and chemical characteristics, in particular temperature, humidity, soil acidity, nitrate nitrogen content on the intensity of the emergence and development of microbial and plant communities, and, consequently, restoration of soil fertility, was studied.
Improving the reliability of plunger pairs of diesel engines
Authors: Lebedev A , Lebedev P , Zakharin A , Maryin N , Zhevora Y
Published: December 2019

Increasing the efficiency of diesel equipment operation is primarily associated not only with increasing the reliability of its main components, assemblies, joints and parts, but also with reducing costs and fuel consumption during production processes. At the same time, operating experience shows that a significant share of the operating time, the equipment is not fully loaded, often up to 40…50%. The transient and unsteady modes that arise in this case, as well as the design features of the fuel equipment of domestic diesel engines, lead to an excessive consumption of fuel and a significant increase in the unevenness of fuel supply through the engine cylinders to 26…38%. To ensure a minimum clearance in the plunger pair, it is proposed to apply a diamond-like thin film coating based on silicon oxycarbide onto the working surfaces of the parts, which has high microhardness, low friction coefficient, and prevents the setting of contact surfaces by finishing plasma hardening. After applying the technological operation of hardening the working surfaces of the parts by forming a thin film coating, the distribution of the parts over the time of crimping changed so that 82% of the experimental plunger pairs have a hydraulic density exceeding t = 45.7 s with an average value of = 46.7s with a mean square deviation σ = 1.05s. The results obtained during the tests showed that at the nominal speed of rotation of the cam shaft, the cyclic feed of the produced plunger pairs decreased by 2.8%, while in the experimental ones, the decrease in fuel supply was 1.3%, the uneven fuel supply in both cases did not exceed 2%. The predicted resource of the experimental plunger pairs will be 9000 hours, which is 2.25 times more than the resource of serial plunger pairs.
Improving the reliability and efficiency of tillage machines
Authors: Lebedev A , Lebedev P , Zakharin Anton , Maryin N , Zhevora Y
Published: December 2019

Increasing the efficiency of diesel equipment operation is primarily associated not only with increasing the reliability of its main components, assemblies, joints and details, but also with reducing costs and fuel consumption during production processes. At the same time, operating experience shows that a significant share of the operating time of the equipment is not fully loaded, often up to 40 … 50%. The transient and unsteady modes that arise in this case, as well as the design features of the fuel equipment of domestic diesel engines, lead to an excessive consumption of fuel and a significant increase in the unevenness of fuel supply through the engine cylinders up to 26 … 38%. To ensure a minimum clearance in the plunger pair, it is proposed to apply a diamond-like thin film coating based on silicon oxycarbide onto the working surfaces of the details, which has high microhardness, low friction coefficient, and prevents the setting of contact surfaces by final plasma hardening. After applying the technological operation of hardening the working surfaces of the details by forming a thin film coating, the distribution of the parts over the time of crimping changed so that 82% of the experimental plunger pairs have a hydraulic density exceeding t = 45.7s with an average value of 46.7s with a mean square deviation σ = 1.05s. The results obtained during the tests showed that at the nominal speed of rotation of the cam shaft, the cyclic feed of the produced plunger pairs decreased by 2.8%, while in the experimental ones, the decrease in fuel supply was 1.3%, the uneven fuel supply in both cases did not exceed 2%. The predicted resource of the experimental plunger pairs will be 9000 hours, which is 2.25 times longer the resource of serial plunger pairs.
Modeling and assessing the effectiveness of investment projects in the agricultural sector
Authors: Makeev Vladimir , Isaev Albert , Kulikov Sergey , Stratan Dmitry , Shevkunov Nikolay
Published: December 2019

The problems of complementarity of the subordinate elements of the system of modeling and improving the mathematical accuracy of assessing the effectiveness of capital-intensive and long-term investment projects in the agricultural sector are presented. The solution to the problem of strict interdependence of model blocks is to create a rearrangeable and complemented cognitive optimization system for the target base center. The model consists of eight blocks, four of which are resource modeling blocks, and four are organizational and economic modeling blocks. The basis of the target base center is a cognitive system based on the work of the stochastic and deterministic method, which allows smoothing out complementarity and at the same time not going beyond the boundaries of established efficiency. In an unsteady economy, investment analysis must take into account the factors that change the value of money over time, uncertainty and risk. This requires a comprehensive and systematic analysis based on the logical and mathematical concept of the time value of money and discounting when forming the appraisal apparatus of investment projects. The principle of a logical and mathematical concept is proposed, which consists in the fact that only the accumulated amount can be discounted, not the capital gain. Arguments are presented in favor of the fact that it is mathematically incorrect to compensate for the effect of inflation, risk and the alternative cost of capital on cash flows of a real investment project by discounting cash inflows.
Functional pasta on the basis of combining the food raw materials
Authors: Sycheva Olga , Skorbina Elena , Trubina Irina , Omarov Ruslan , Sarbatova Natalia
Published: December 2019

The necessity for using the functional food products is dictated by the need of the human body for biologically active substances, which are insufficient in a normal diet. Currently, the assortment of domestic enterprises has almost no functional pasta. In the long term, borrowed European recipes will be presented on the Russian market, which can be an alternative to traditional types of products such as egg noodles and doughboys. The purpose of the research was to develop a recipe and technology for the production of functional “Rattles” pasta made of soft wheat flour, using German “Spätzle” doughboys as a prototype. Baking flour, linseed flour, milk powder and table eggs were used as the main ingredients. In order to increase the nutritional and biological value of a functional food product, it is advisable to additionally use ingredients that improve the functioning of the human organism. Such ingredients may include food additives such as spices of natural origin: turmeric and nutmeg. Using the technology of German doughboys “Spätzle” as a basis and the proposed set of ingredients as part of the recipe, innovative “Rattles” pasta has been developed. It is a functional product due to the content of flax flour and aromatic additives such as turmeric and nutmeg.
The effect of the seed shape on the reflection process of the concave slatted grating
Authors: Kuzin Gennady , Fisunova Elena , Pyatnitskaya Oksana , Lavrenova Tatyana , Baryshnikova Olga
Published: December 2019

The model for the reflection of spherical bodies of different diameters (millet, steel balls, peas) from adjacent concave slats was proposed. An area of guaranteed reflection is found as the sum of the segments equal to the plank thickness, the diameter of the spherical body and the special size determined by the trajectory dividing separation from reflection. It is established that the proposed model can be used at the design developing. In addition, a comparison of the results of bench modeling the separation through a deck of seeds with spherical (millet) and ellipsoidal (grain) shapes is presented. Deck slats had adjustable angles of deviation from the radial direction within 0°-50°. It is shown that, despite the larger size, seeds of grain crops are relatively less reflected by concave at working inclination angles of the slats 0°-30° than spherical bodies.
Pneumatic system of a seeder with pneumatic sowing
Authors: Konovalov Vladimir , Kravtsov Artem , Zaitsev Vladimir , Petrov Alexander , Petrova Svetlana
Published: December 2019

The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model of linear calculation of the pneumatic system of a seeder with a pneumatic sowing system, implemented in the MathCAD computer algebra system. The description of the pneumatic transport system of a typical seeder with pneumatic sowing is presented, its design scheme is given. Based on the provisions of the mechanics of continuous media, a methodology for calculating the parameters of a pneumatic system to verify the adopted design decisions has been developed. A computer model of a pneumatic transport system with series-parallel arrangement of sections has been developed. Linear calculations with structurally implemented recounting of indicators were performed. The obtained value of the standard deviation between the calculated average values and the velocities of the flow core in the sections does not exceed 14% for the values of the velocities and 0.5% for the pressure over the sections. When implementing the proposed analytical modeling in the MathCAD 8.0 system, the error in mass flow rate is 1.152×10-14%, which allows limiting the number of conversion cycles of indicators to two – three cycles.
Digital accounting and management of economic processes in the agricultural sector
Authors: Tkach Victor , Makarenko Elena , Kushnarenko Tatyana , Eremenko Vera , Rusina Elena , Oleg Kholodov
Published: December 2019

The paper considers the concept, pattern, methodology, models, standard, tools of digital (engineering) management of economic processes in the agricultural sector: the solvency of an agricultural enterprise, the financial condition of an agricultural enterprise, the reserve system and risk situations of agricultural enterprises. The enterprise standard “Organization of control of cash flows of an agricultural enterprise” is proposed.
Sustainable development and economic security of the region
Authors: Karanina Elena , Alekseev Sergey , Loginov Dmitry
Published: December 2019

The aim of the research is to identify the relationship between the state of economic security of the region and the signs of its sustainable development and to justify the use of criteria for sustainable development of the region in the activities to ensure its economic security. The subject of the research is a problems of ensuring economic security of the region in the context of the current strategic objectives of socio-economic development and the actions of public authorities of the regions to ensure economic security through the provision of socio-economic development of a sustainable nature. In accordance with the hypothesis, there is a deep connection between the economic security of the region and its sustainable socio-economic development, due to the fact that the stability of the dynamics of socio-economic development indicators can characterize the socio-economic system of the region as able to withstand the pressure of security threats and the manifestation of the risks of socio-economic development. Based on statistical methods, a correlation model between economic development and sustainable development has been developed to identify their interrelations based on non-financial reporting data.
Criteria for assessing the grain stream immersion in an aqueous salt solution
Authors: Saitov Viktor , Kurbanov Rustam , Saitov Aleksey
Published: December 2019

One of the most important foodstuffs for human is grain. In the grain heap delivered from combine harvesters to the post-harvest processing points, in addition to the grain of the main crop, various impurities, including poisonous ones, are also contained. Poisonous impurities include ergot sclerotia. The use of modern grain cleaning machines does not give positive results when cleaning grain material from ergot due to the proximity of its properties and the properties of the crop being cleaned. Cleaning of seeds from ergot sclerotia having a density lower than grain density is possible in aqueous solutions of inorganic salts. In order to develop a device for cleaning grain material by density using a wet method, practical experiments were carried out on immersion of Falenskaya 4 varieties of winter rye grain in a solution of sodium chloride (NaCl) with a density of ρl = 1030 and 1060 kg/m3 and water (ρl = 1000 kg/m3) at a specific grain load gsp = 97.975 kg/(s·m2). One of the criteria for assessing the effective height of the loading hopper location relative to the surface of an aqueous salt solution in the tank of a device for separating harmful impurities from a grain material by a wet method is the proportion Rg of grains that did not drown and floated to the solution surface with air bubbles. It was found that the minimum values of Rg are at a grain supply height h = 40…60·10-3 m. Moreover, the proportion of non-drowned grains Pg, even with forced exposure to them, is the loss of grain to waste.
A rationale of broach-plow’s parameters of the ridge-stepped ploughing of slopes
Authors: Umurzakov Uktam , Mirzaev Bakhadir , MaMatov Farmon , Ravshanov Hamrakul , Kurbonov Sherzod
Published: December 2019

The aim of this study was to develop an improved technology for ridge-stepped ploughing of slopes and plow, which protects the soil from water erosion, improves the accumulation and preservation of soil moisture. The paper proposes an effective method for ridge-stepped ploughing of slopes, including the alternation of layer’s incomplete rotation with its full rotation within its furrow by 1800 in combination with the band subsoil loosening. A technological model of a ridge-stepped ploughing with simultaneous subarable strip loosening was developed. The design of the developed plow for ridge-stepped ploughing is highlighted. During the study the followings were theoretically and experimentally established: with a longitudinal distance between the hulls of 50 cm, the required qualitative incomplete turnover of the layers with the lowest energy costs is provided with the following plow’s parameters of the odd hulls: plow length is 75 cm, plow width is 25 cm, stabilizing plate height is 15 cm, and the minimum distance from the ploughshare toe to the stabilizing plate is 25 cm.
Research of waste water biological treatment in filter grain loads
Authors: Voitov Evgeniy , Skolubovich Yuri , Kravchenko Victor , Khalturina Tamara , Skolubovich Alexey
Published: December 2019

The biochemical processes occurring in sand filters loads of tertiary treatment of urban wastewater are investigated. The significance of those processes in reducing the overall biochemical and chemical oxygen demand in water purified by filters was established. The studies were conducted in natural conditions of the wastewater treatment plant in Krasnoyarsk using the installation for filters’ technological modeling. Equations for calculating and adjusting filtering parameters, taking into account biochemical processes, were obtained.
Monitoring of agricultural land productivity using unmanned aerial vehicles and artificial neural networks
Authors: Rogachev Aleksey , Melikhova Elena
Published: December 2019

The results of the analytical review of the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and artificial neural networks in agricultural production are presented. They can be used as aerial robots that perform the function of aerial photography, transportation of technological components, such as plant protection products and perform other similar functions. On the aircraft, some other functional equipment can be installed: thermal imagers, multispectral and IR cameras, etc. With the help of the data obtained from the UAV, it is possible to create an orthophotoplan or 3D model of the terrain, create a map of heights, determine the state of the field, crops and determine their vegetation indices NDVI. The multi-level classification of areas of application of UAVs in agricultural production is proposed. Classification involves the ordering of areas of application of UAV in agriculture depending on the composition in use. A conceptual model of a software package designed to obtain and process remote sensing data using UAVs in different parts of the spectrum has been developed. The software package is designed to obtain and process the results of monitoring and subsequent analysis of the totality of the calculated vegetation indices. The main research tasks solved by the developed software, which determine its structure, are formulated. To predict the yield of different crops, a method of applying the results of aerial photography in conjunction with experimental data on the biological development of crops has been developed. For the practical use of the developed methodology, a database for each culture is formed. The obtained results are used to construct regression and matrix mathematical models of the relationship of optical-spectral characteristics with the productivity of crops.
Parameters of the heat-generating installation on biofuel for grain drying
Authors: Ivanov Andrey , Ustinov Nikolai
Published: December 2019

According to forecasts of leading analytical agencies, in the near future about 50% of all bioenergy will be received from the biomass of the agro-industrial complex. The main factors stimulating the use of waste from the production and processing of crop products are: renewable resources; lower unit cost of energy production; reduction of harmful effects on the environment and humans. An analysis of the structure of the resource potential of grain waste in terms of their origin showed that the largest share in the Tyumen region of Russia, more than 50%, consists of spring and winter wheat waste. The article presents the results of a study of the operation of a heat-generating installation on various cereal wastes as applied to the grain drying process. The rational parameters of the heat generator for the waste of wheat, oats, barley and rapeseed are determined: biofuel consumption, air supply to the heat generator and mixing chamber; the temperature of the drying agent at the exit of the heat generation section. The solid-fuel vortex heat generator is 2 MW power. The mass of the batch of waste from each enterprise ranged from 600 to 1000 kg. In order to ensure the movement of the mixture of combustion products and air in the axial direction to the mixing chamber, the ratio of the rotational speeds of the blower fans should be n1/n2 = 1.3. The temperature of the agent at the outlet of the furnace during the combustion of all waste samples was within 755-830 °C. Fuel consumption for a heat generator during the combustion of rapeseed and wheat waste is 450.4 kg/hour. The optimal moisture content of biofuel for combustion in vortex furnaces is 10-20%.
Intellectual analysis and estimation of gross greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Gorodnichev Mikhail , Trofimenko Yuri , Potapchenko Timur , Fedotova Lionella
Published: December 2019

Currently, the system of accounting and monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions is being formed in the Russian Federation. It should be noted that within the framework of the system being formed, the transport sector is considered as the main contributor that generates large amounts of greenhouse gas emissions in cities and on busy federal highways. At the same time, it is proposed to take into account emissions directly when burning fuel only by road, city electric, rail, water and air transport. The article discusses methods for estimating gross emissions from road facilities using data mining methods aimed at verifying the results obtained. The article also presents the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions for road facilities in the pilot region with a description of the verification algorithm for the results obtained. The results of testing the methods for determining greenhouse gas emissions by road facilities showed that this calculation method can be used in estimating greenhouse gas emissions at road facilities, however, reliable baseline data for calculating gross greenhouse gas emissions can only be obtained by analyzing the activities of economic entities in transport and in the road sector. It should be borne in mind that business entities are not obliged to provide information constituting commercial secrets from their point of view. Therefore, the results obtained are of an estimated nature and relate only to those objects, data on which could be obtained from official statistics and free sources, while the actual amount of greenhouse gas emissions from road facilities in the pilot region during the period under review may be significantly higher.
Sustainable development of agricultural enterprises: economic component
Authors: Nekhoroshkov Vladimir , Aroshidze Alyona
Published: December 2019

The issues of the economic component of the sustainable development of enterprises (economic sustainability) belong to the category of one of the most frequently consecrated in various scientific researches and developments. This fact is explained by the complexity, a certain ambiguity of this category, starting with an understanding of its nature and ending with methods for managing it. Undoubtedly, economic sustainability is one of the key guidelines for evaluating and implementing management aimed at achieving the best mode of operation of an enterprise, especially within the framework of modern realities related to instability, problems in predicting the external environment, as well as the strongest interdependence of all without exception business entities. The most acute aspects regarding economic sustainability, which require elaboration, refinement, detailing, are: expanding ideas about the economic sustainability of the enterprise by moving to a two-criteria system for its consideration; the formation and implementation of a mechanism for managing economic sustainability; a comprehensive methodological approach to assessing and analyzing the economic sustainability of an enterprise, within the framework of which not only an assessment would be carried out, but also a further analysis of the state of the enterprise from the standpoint of economic stability according to the criteria, the principles of adjusting management activities to increase its level were determined.
The use of the model apparatus in solving problems of optimization of multimodal transport
Authors: Grigoriev Yevgeny
Published: December 2019

On the basis of retrospective analysis of approaches and principles of modeling of business processes of the company, the main parameters of their modernization in the conditions of globalization of modern economy are allocated. Approaches to the integration of methodological tools of mathematical and simulation modeling of business processes with an emphasis on the need to assess the parameters of the internal and external environment of the transport company in order to optimize its functioning in a competitive market are summarized. The mechanism of formation of the model of multimodal transportation with an emphasis on inland waterway transport, taking into account the resource base of the transport company and the restrictions imposed on the technological parameters of multimodal transportation, is considered.
Simulation modeling of changes in demand for rail transportation
Authors: Zhuravleva Natalya , Guliy Ilya , Shavshukov Vyacheslav
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the paper is to justify the use of the intersectoral balance model for forecasting the demand for rail transportation in the face of significant changes in commodity markets. The theoretical basis of the study is the algebraic theory of the analysis of the input-output model. The methodology is based on the balance method. The modeling procedure comes down to solving a system of linear equations in which the coefficients are cost coefficients for production. The modeling information base includes scenario conditions for forecasting the socio-economic development of 40 industries and activities for which rail transportation is of decisive importance, and whose share in the structure of the GDP of Russia for the period until 2036 will change slightly. The main results of the study are: the implemented process of modeling demand for rail transportation, including a basic simulation of the intersectoral balance of the Russian economy for 2016, a predicted simulation model of demand for the period until 2030. An assessment was made of a long-term change in demand for rail transport services, taking into account structural changes affecting the activities of the main sectors of the national economy, which products are changing interspecific competition, the emergence of new product markets and digital technologies.
Development strategies for maritime farms in Crimea
Authors: Logunova N , Seryogin S , Kibenko V
Published: December 2019

The paper presents the results of studying current problems of mariculture industry operation. The results pinpoint factors that allow for an effective development of aquaculture sector, prove its importance for global fishing industry and its potential role in the food supply of the population of the region. The most perspective areas of development are identified based on the current world trends and actual characteristics of natural resource potential of Crimea peninsula. An accent is made on the commercial production of hydrobionts as a socially oriented field of fishing industry which allows for the preservation of ecosystem integrity and a way to become an alternative job provider, which in turn can help reach the objectives of the fishery industry in all three system areas – regional, environmental and socio-economic. Arguments are provided in favor of development of a rigid financial system, including actual means of targeted support of mariculture farms, in order to provide sustainable operation of said mariculture farms.
Ecological design based on bio-models in sustainable development
Authors: Tsitman Tatiana , Proshunina Kseniia
Published: December 2019

The article considers the possibilities of a new environmental approach to design. Nature presents us with such opportunities. Evolution has led to an environmentally friendly solution to the interaction of the body and its environment. Currently, architects and engineers are trying to solve the processes of environmental design approaches. It is enough to see these solutions in the bio model, to determine the laws of existence for applying its qualities in the shaping of the designed architectural object in the environment. The application of the mechanisms of functioning of the bio model will be distinguished by the originality of engineering work and aesthetic diversity. The formation of the concept allows simulating the architectural and environmental space for a specific environment. The uniqueness of the natural environment component explains the typical design decisions for specific environmental conditions. Bio models of the Astrakhan region considered to identify environmental design methodology. An analysis of the methods for adapting bio models to the landscape and climatic conditions of the considered area and their growth is necessary for the application of these methods in architectural shaping and engineering and technical support of the designed facility for specific conditions of the city of Astrakhan. Thus, the similarity of the strategy of natural components considered by steppe, floodplain, and marine plants lays the potential for creating a model in the sustainable urban development of spaces with ecological and favorable living conditions for humans and nature.
System of quality indicators of the housing and communal service of the population
Authors: Derbasova Evgeniya , Bialeckaia Elena , Mukanov Ruslan , Svintsov Vladimir
Published: December 2019

A set-theoretic model of the problem of assessing the quality of housing and communal services population is developed, which allows determining the necessary components and characteristics involved in the formulation of the problem, forming the input data. For resolving the problem of redundancy of indicators to assess the quality of the housing and communal service of the population, a procedure was developed to identify a minimum set of indicators. A procedure of the analysis of cognitive maps, including recommendations on elimination of redundant indicators, is considered.
Method of reducing the level of underground waters
Authors: Philipp M. , Pavlov S. , Skvortsova O. , Zinkevich I. , Nikonorov A. , Terleev V. , Volkova Y. , Nikonova O. , Terleeva A.
Published: December 2019

A method is proposed to calculate water irrigation rates for crops that considers hysteresis in the volumetric water content (θ)-water pressure head (ψ) relations, including scanning paths, by the method of point approximation. Three θ(ψ) models are described and computational experiments were carried out using data from literary sources on the hydrophysical properties of soils with different textures. The error analysis of the point approximation of the main branches and the predictive calculation of the scanning branches of the hysteresis loop were carried out. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility to calculate the precise irrigation rates for crops. The use of such standards minimizes unproductive spending of irrigation water, fertilizers, ameliorants and plant protection products, as well as prevents the pollution of natural waters with agrochemicals and reduces the risk of eutrophication of water sources.
Antioxidant activity of biopigment fractions from golden apple snail eggs (Pomacea canaliculata)
Authors: Abdullah A , Nurjanah  , Seulalae A V
Published: December 2019

Biopigment is a natural non-toxic, renewable and environmental friendly dye. The golden apple snail eggs is known to contain carotenoid groups such as astaxanthin pigment. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of biopigment from acetone and methanol fractions with various in vitro test. Biopigment extracted with acetone had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 DPPH method of 130.52±3.07 μg/mL and ABTS of 125.89±1.70 μg/mL. The result of total antioxidant capacity with FRAP method of 184.11±3.92 μmol Fe2+/g extract and CUPRAC method of 29.17±3.58 μg/mL ascorbic acid/g extract. The second fraction from acetone solvent was the best fraction with IC50 DPPH method of 92.08±2.85 μg/mL and ABTS of 144.80±3.33 μg/mL. The result of total antioxidant capacity with FRAP method of 259.11±3.93 μmol ascorbic acid g−1 extract. Identification with LC-MS/MS on the second fraction found astaxanthin pigment and five other pigments.
Quality changes of little tuna fillet (Euthynnus affinis) during chilling temperature storage
Authors: Hizbullah H H , Sari N K , Nurhayati T , Nurilmala M
Published: December 2019

Deterioration of fish quality affects the accumulation of metabolites, flavor changes, the formation of volatile components, as well as an increase in the number of bacteria. Chilling temperature storage is the way to maintain the quality of fish. This research was aimed to determine quality changes of little tuna (Euthynnus affinis) through organoleptic test, chemical properties and protein analysis during chilling temperature storage. Observations were conducted every 48 hours for 14 days. The parameters observed were proximate, organoleptic, pH, water-soluble protein, metmyoglobin level, and its molecular weight. Little tuna was still in fresh criteria on the 4th day with organoleptic value of 7 and was spoiled on the 10th day. The chemical composition of the fish changed during storage, increased in moisture content, decreased protein levels, and increased ash content. The values of water-soluble protein decreased during the storage while the metmyoglobin level increased during storage. In conclusion, little tuna suffered a setback in quality during 14 days of chilling temperature storage. The storage time influenced the level of water-soluble protein and the level of metmyoglobin produced.
Evaluating the protein and fat content of skipjack (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the smoking process of arabushi
Authors: Doe K , Dali F A , Harmain R M
Published: December 2019

Arabushi (a semi-finished product from katsuobushi) can be produced from skipjack by a gradual smoking process using varying temperatures. Different methods of smoking can cause differences in the nutrition of arabushi produced. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of skipjack protein and fat at each smoking stage, as well as amino acid and fatty acid content of the arabushi. The smoking process was carried out by one small and medium enterprise in Bone Bolango District, Gorontalo. Smoking was carried out 7 times using temperature variations from hot to cold, namely 89°C-90°C (stage 1), 50°C-60°C (stage 2) and 40°C (stages 3 to 7). Protein content increased in each stage of smoking. Stage 1 smoked skipjack fish has a protein of 22.37%, then changed to 40.21% at stage 2 and to 58.07% at the final stage. The fat content also increased, from 20.26% at stage 1 to 27.62% at the final stage. Fifteen amino acids and 23 fatty acids were identified in the arabushi.
Analysis of sources and composition of marine debris in western and southern Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: Fitria R , Diana F , Riani E , Yulianto G , Najmi N
Published: December 2019

Marine debris has become an important pollution issue in recent years. Its existence has impacted to marine environment, harmed marine life, and also effected human health and lives. Marine debris study in western and southern Aceh is necessary to compare debris sources, amounts, and locations. The research outputs can provide input to the government to adopt more comprehensive policies and provide important information to targets protection in the coastal areas. Eight sites (two sites for each regency: at shoreline area and estuary stream mouth area) were selected from four regencies located in western and southern Aceh namely the regency of Aceh Jaya, west Aceh, southwestern Aceh, south Aceh. Marine debris was grouped by seven categories namely: plastic, glass, metal, rubber, cloth/fabric, processed lumber, and other/unclassifiable. The results indicated that marine debris was dominated by plastic (86.6%). The highest of debris density (0.145 items/m2) were found in southwestern Aceh and South Aceh Regency. Shoreline and recreational activities have known as the largest source of marine debris (74.8 %), followed by medical/personal hygiene activities (10.8%) dumping activities (85 items, 9.2%), smoking or related activities (4.1%) and activities related to ocean/waterway (1.1%).
Fish quality and nutritional assessment of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) during low temperature storage
Authors: Nurjanah  , Abdullah A , Naibaho I , Kartikayani D , Nurilmala M , Yusfiandayani R , Sondita M F A
Published: December 2019

Assessment of fish freshness is the most important and frequently difficult to determine. Moreover, fish spoilage generally depends on the temperature to control the bacterial and the autolytic development. This research was aimed to determine the quality of yellowfin tuna and skipjack tuna using physical, sensory, microbiology and chemical methods as well as their nutritional quality during certain time of freezing temperatures storage. Methods applied in this study were: organoleptic test with semi-trained panelist, pH, TPC and TVB determination monthly during 6 months of storage. Nutritional values were determined by the variation of their amino acid and lipid profiles. The results indicated that the pre-rigor phase was happened during storage until the 3rd month. In the 4th month of storage to the last month the fish samples were in the phase of rigor mortis. Organoleptic and pH value trends were decreased while the value of TPC and TVB were increased during 6 months freezing temperatures. In conclusion, during 6 months low temperature storage, the freshness quality of yellowfin and skipjack tuna as well as their nutritional value were decreased. Thus, there was fixed correlation between pH, TVB, TPC, organoleptic and nutritional values with fish freshness quality.
Tonic immobility induction and duration on halmahera walking shark (Hemischyllium halmahera)
Authors: Mukharror D A , Susiloningtyas D , Ichsan M
Published: December 2019

Tonic immobility is an induce method to achieve a temporary condition of cataleptic-like, which is a sudden loss of muscle tone, as a result of various procedures such as situate the object in an “unnatural” position or situation. This method has been widely applied on elasmobranch species, except for species of Hemiscyllidae. This study was intended to assess the application of tonic immobility on Hemiscyllium halmahera - an endemic shark to Halmahera Islands, Indonesia. Our study has shown that the average induction time ranged from 11.49 to 40.12 seconds, while the hypnosis duration ranged from 6.51 to 28.36 seconds. Based on our results, tonic immobility can be applied as non-lethal method to Hemiscyllium halmahera during capture and physical examination such as morphometric and weight measurement. However, we suggested to investigate further physiology examination such as heart rate, and breathing frequency. during tonic immobility phase on Halmahera walking shark or other reef shark species.
The diversity of Echinoderm in Sarangan beach, Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Andilala N , Khalallia F B R , Maharani S E , Ramadhani P H , Huda A M , Putri A F , Alda B , Salsabila G , Irfan M , Ramadhanti S R , Nafiah S L , Epilurahman R
Published: December 2019

Sarangan beach at the coast of Gunung Kidul is dominated by substrates of sand, coral, and macroalgae where Echinodermata was found. This research was conducted to determine the diversity of echinoderms on that beach. Field observation was carried put during maximum low tide. Sampling was carried out by applying random sampling method. Specimens were preserved and identified. The sampled specimens consisted of a member of class Asteroidea (Anthenea sp), members of Ophiuroidea (Ophiocoma scolopendrina, Ophiomastix annulosa, and Ophiocoma erinaceus), members of Echinoidea (Colobocentrotus atratus, Heterocentrotus trigonarius, Stomopneustes variolaris, and Echinometra sp.).
Cavitation Damage Detection Through Acoustic Emissions
Authors: Look Andreas , Riedelbauch Stefan , Necker Jörg , Jung Alexander
Published: December 2019

Cavitation in hydraulic machinery is a common phenomenon with high potential for causing damage. Often it is not known whether the machinery is damaged by cavitation or cavitation occurs at all. With regard to predictive maintenance it would be advantageous not only to detect cavitation, but also to determine the current condition or damage of the hydraulic machinery. Knowing the current condition of the machinery, maintenance could be planned properly ahead and unnecessary downtime could be avoided. Since visual inspection of the current status i.e. state of cavitation and possible damage of the machinery is usually not possible due to missing optical access, acoustic inspection offers an alternative. In order to determine whether and how damage results in changes in acoustics, experiments in a controlled environment were conducted using a hydrofoil. The hydrofoil was placed in a cavitation-channel and exposed to strong cavitation for a defined period of time. Afterwards measurements of acoustic signals at different flow conditions with different cavitation conditions including no cavitation were conducted. The measurement procedure was repeated for several hundreds of times. So various measured acoustic signals of different cavitation damage states on the hydrofoil were captured. Since it was not known in which frequency region changes may occur due to cavitation damage, a broad frequency region reaching from several Hz up to 1MHz was investigated. The experiment shows promising results, such that cavitation damage at the hydrofoil results in significant changes in acoustics. Further different behavior in different frequency ranges and flow conditions can be observed.
Operation Cycle Concept for the fatigue life prediction of Francis runners
Authors: Locquenghien Florian von , Leibing Benjamin , Greck Andreas
Published: December 2019

A Francis runner is exposed to various loading conditions of steady and transient nature that need to be considered in a fatigue life assessment. Steady state conditions (e.g. Speed No Load, Full Load) have a constant stress amplitude pattern and therefore it is best practice to calculate a fatigue damage rate that can be multiplied by the operation time to determine fatigue damage values. Transient conditions (e.g. Start, Stop, Load Rejection) are characterized by time dependent mean stress and stress amplitudes. Traditionally, strain gauge signals are Rainflow counted and the results are evaluated using SN-curves for each separate event. With this approach, major fatigue damage driving events across operating conditions might be missed. With the introduction of the Operation Cycle Concept, the strain gauge signal is regarded from Standstill to Load to Standstill as one cycle. The influence of this approach compared to the traditional one is presented based on strain gauge measurements of Francis runners. Operating conditions with potential for optimization are identified. This knowledge is especially important for machines that are faced to flexible operation, including numerous Start-ups and Shut-downs.