bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Size of samples and homogenizers during classification of damaged soybeans
Authors: Quirino José R. , Resende Osvaldo , Fonseca Natalia N. , Oliveira Daniel E. C. de , Parizzi Fatima C. , Souza Tiago A. de
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Grain quality determination involves important stages such as collection of the representative sample, homogenization, and dilution. The interrelation among sampling, homogenization, and working sample size is essential to the reliability of the information generated. Therefore, this work aimed to analyse the performance of mechanical homogenizers used in the commercialization of grains in Brazil, as a function of the size of the working sample masses during grain classification. The samples were homogenized and diluted in Boerner, 16:1 multichannel splitter, and 4:1 multichannel splitter until reaching masses of 0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 and 0.125 kg to determine the level of damaged grains. A 3 x 4 x 5 factorial design was used, meaning three treatments relative to homogenizers (Boerner, 16:1 multichannel splitter, and 4:1 multichannel splitter), four dilutions (4, 8, 12 and 16% damaged grains), and five grain sample sizes (0.025, 0.050, 0.075, 0.100 and 0.125 kg) with nine repetitions. The means were compared by Tukey test and to the original means of prepared samples (4, 8, 12, and 16%) by Student’s t-test. Working samples can be utilized with masses between 0.025 and 0.125 kg to classify damaged soybeans grains. The devices Boerner, 16:1 multichannel splitter, and 4:1 multichannel splitter are similar in the reduction and homogenization of soybean samples for different levels of damaged grains and sample sizes.
Anuran diversity in urban and rural zones of the Itacoatiara municipality, central Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: MENIN Marcelo , FERREIRA Rafaela Fernanda Batista , MELO Izomar Barbosa , GORDO Marcelo , HATTORI Gustavo Yomar , SANT’ANNA Bruno Sampaio
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Few studies in the Amazon region have evaluated anuran diversity in urban forest fragments or in areas with differing degrees of anthropogenic impact. We determined the composition and abundance of the anurofauna in urban and rural sites within the municipality of Itacoatiara in central Amazonia, Brazil. Specimens were sampled from January 2012 to May 2013 in 10 urban sites and five rural sites. A total of 1,538 anurans (930 in rural sites and 608 in urban sites) were recorded, belonging to 29 species in five families. Species richness was higher in rural sites, with 10 exclusive species. All species found in urban sites were also found in rural sites, however, species abundance varied considerably between the habitats. Sampling- and individual-based rarefaction curves showed a tendency toward stabilization of species richness only in the urban sites. We concluded that the anuran assemblages in the urban sites are depauperate due to the absence of many species associated to pristine terra firme or várzea and igapó forests. Habitat loss and quality degradation in urban landscapes are the main factors threatening amphibian diversity. The anuran assemblages in our study areas were similar to those recorded in other Amazonian habitats. Conservation measures involving anurans in this region should consider the preservation of habitat mosaics, including both pristine terra firme, várzea and igapó forests.
Effect of Alpinia zerumbet essential oil on the shelf life of tambaqui fillets during short-term refrigerator storage
Authors: SOUSA Ana Karolinne Anastacio de , FOGAÇA Fabíola Helena dos Santos , ARAUJO Thais Danyelle Santos , CASTRO Karina Neoob de Carvalho , PEREIRA Alitiene Moura Lemos , CANUTO Kirley Marques , BRITO Edy Sousa de , MAI Mônica Giacometti , MAGALHÃES João Avelar de
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT We investigated the effect of Alpinia zerumbet essential oil on the quality and shelf life of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) fillets stored under refrigeration (10.0 ± 0.5 °C) for 14 days. The treatments were A. zerumbet essential oil at 0.75% v v-1 (AEO 0.75%), A. zerumbet essential oil at 1.5% v v-1 (AEO 1.5%) and a control (no essential oil). The sample quality and shelf life were determined by the total psychrotrophic count (TPC) and chemical parameters (pH, total volatile basic nitrogen, centesimal composition and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS) at zero, seven and 14 days of storage time. The TPC decreased significantly (p < 0.05) with an A. zerumbetessential oil level of 1.5% until seven days of storage. The concentration of A. zerumbet essential oil at 0.75% resulted in lower pH, TBARS, and TVBN values in comparison with the other treatment and the control. Thus, A. zerumbet essential oil was efficient in extending the shelf life of refrigerated tambaqui fillets up to approximately seven days.
Evaluation of antimutagenic and cytotoxic activity of skin secretion extract of Rhinella marina and Rhaebo guttatus (Anura, Bufonidae)
Authors: OLIVEIRA Angellica Fernandes de , CASTOLDI Lindsey , VIEIRA JUNIOR Gerardo Magela , MONÇÃO FILHO Evaldo dos Santos , CHAVES Mariana Helena , RODRIGUES Domingos de Jesus , SUGUI Marina Mariko
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT The skin secretion from toads of the Bufonidae family has great potential in the search for new active compounds to be used as drug candidates in treating some diseases, among them cancer. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and antimutagenic activity of the parotoid gland secretion extracts of Rhinella marina and Rhaebo guttatus, as well as biochemically analyze transaminases and serum creatinine for liver and renal damage, respectively. Cytotoxicity was performed by the colorimetric method based on MTT (3- [4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl]-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) with different concentrations of the extracts in Walker or splenic tumor cell cultures from rats and mice. The micronucleus test was performed with male Swiss mice treated orally with the extracts for 15 days, and then intraperitoneally with N-ethyl-N-nitrosurea (50 mg kg-1). Micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) were evaluated in bone marrow. The extracts showed cytotoxic activity in the evaluated cells. There was a significant reduction in the frequency of MNPCE (R. marina = 56% and R. guttatus = 75%, p < 0.001), indicating antimutagenic potential of the extracts. The groups treated only with extract showed an increase in MNPCE frequency, evidencing mutagenic potential. Biochemical analyzes showed no significant difference between treatments. Thus, under our experimental conditions, the extracts of R. marina and R. guttatus skin secretions presented chemopreventive potential for cancer.
Orthomene (Menispermaceae) in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: SOUSA Julio dos Santos de , GURGEL Ely Simone Cajueiro , BASTOS Maria de Nazaré do Carmo
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Orthomene comprises four species distributed from Central to South America, of which three occur in phytogeographic domains of Brazil. In Brazil, Amazonia is the main center of diversity for the genus. This work is a taxonomic treatment of Orthomene in Brazil and involved analyzing field collections (between January 2017 and July 2018), types and botanical specimens from 32 national and foreign herbaria. The three species in the study area are Orthomene hirsuta,Orthomene prancei and Orthomene schomburgkii. The latter is the most common and widely distributed species of the genus in the country. An identification key, descriptions, illustrations, distribution data, and additional comments for each species are provided.
Record of the rare Caribbean mud eel, Pythonichthys sanguineus (Heterenchelyidae, Anguilliformes), in the region of the Amazon Reef
Authors: ROTUNDO Matheus Marcos , MACHADO Leonardo , OLIVEIRA Claudio , SANTOS Wagner César Rosa dos , MARCENIUK Alexandre Pires
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT As they spend most of their time buried in the substrate and are not a fishery resource, heterenchelyids are seldom seen. These eels are characterized by their greatly reduced eyes, which are covered by semi-transparent skin, the absence of a pectoral fin or lateral line, and no pores on the head or body. Pythonichthys sanguineus is a particularly poorly-known species, with only eight scientific records from Cuba, Puerto Rico, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, and Suriname. The present study is based on six adult specimens of P. sanguineus captured by vessels of the shrimp trawling fleet along the northern Brazilian coast, in the vicinity of the Amazon Reef. We provide meristic, morphometric and DNA barcoding data. These findings provide insights into the distribution of the species off the northern Brazilian coast and contribute to the discussion about the southern limit of the Greater Caribbean fauna.
Insights into the development of a juvenile harpy eagle’s hunting skills
Authors: CAVALCANTE Thiago , TUYAMA Carlos Augusto , MOURTHE Italo
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT The post-fledging period is of paramount importance for raptors, since this is when a juvenile develops its hunting skills and gains the abilities required in adulthood and independence through dispersal. Little is known however, about this stage in the lives of raptors such as harpy eagles, Harpia harpyja. Between March 2016 and July 2017, we recorded three predation attempts on groups of primates by a wild juvenile harpy eagle in southwestern Brazilian Amazonia, including the first predation of an adult squirrel monkey, Saimiri ustus. These sequential records give insights into the gradual development of hunting skills during the post-fledging period, similar to what has been reported for other birds of prey. We hypothesize that a link between developing flight skills, decreasing parental food provisioning and increasingly successful captures triggers adulthood and independence in harpy eagles.
EDUCAÇÃO E SAÚDE NA ESCOLA E A CONTRARREFORMA DO ENSINO MÉDIO: RESISTIR PARA NÃO RETROCEDER
Authors: Miranda Daniel Nunes , March Claudia , Koifman Lilian
Published: May 2019

Resumo O artigo analisa o impacto das mudanças em curso, com base na aprovação da lei n. 13.415, de 16 de fevereiro de 2017, na formação dos jovens, em particular na abordagem da saúde na escola. Debatemos como as alterações na Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional, introduzidas pela referida lei, poderão afetar a educação em saúde no ambiente escolar, retomando o debate sobre a educação em saúde na escola, a proposição da saúde como tema transversal e a abordagem da saúde nos livros didáticos. A contrarreforma do ensino médio significará, na prática, a flexibilização ou a supressão de conteúdos anteriormente obrigatórios a partir da instauração de itinerários formativos e arranjos curriculares com potencial para subtrair o debate do campo das ciências sociais e humanas, das quais comumente têm-se a expectativa de contribuir para a superação das concepções e práticas estritamente biomédicas do processo saúde-doença. Consideramos que profissionais de saúde, professores, pesquisadores e estudantes devam ampliar esse debate e participar efetivamente da luta pela reversão da contrarreforma tal como aprovada.
Clinical outcomes of peri-implantitis treated with bone substitute and resorbable membrane: a literature review with a systematic approach
Authors: ALVES Letícia Fernandes , DUARTE Poliana Mendes , MARTINEZ Elizabeth Ferreira , NAPIMOGA Marcelo Henrique , SPERANDIO Marcelo , JOLY Julio Cesar , PERUZZO Daiane Cristina
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this review was to evaluate the outcomes of the treatment of peri-implant defects, using Guided Bone Regeneration. Methods: A literature search was performed based on the PICO methodology in the PubMed/Medline, SciELO, Lilacs electronic databases, CAPES periodicals and the Cochrane Library. We included studies using bovine mineral matrix, associated to a collagen membrane for the treatment of peri-implantitis by Guided Bone Regeneration. Results: Of 1,163 studies, 10 were included in this review after applying the evaluation criteria. A total of 269 implants were treated in 260 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 48 months. The studies evaluated outcome in terms of reduction in probing depth, gain of clinical attachment and healing of the bony defect. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, it was not possible to perform meta-analysis. Conclusion: Treatment of peri-implant lesions with Guided Bone Regeneration is a viable modality of treatment, providing reduction in bleeding on probing, as well as gain of clinical attachment. Complete filling of the defect is, however, an unpredictable result.
Contents of Pigments and Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes in Rice Plants Pre-Treated with Sodium Nitroprusside and Exposed to Clomazone
Authors: SILVA K.S. , TABALDI L.A. , ROSSATO L.V. , CAVICHIOLI B.M. , BASÍLIO V.B. , MACHADO S.L.O.
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT: The pre-treatment of rice seeds with sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used to investigate the effect of exogenous nitric oxide on the pigment content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes during the inhibition of the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathway by the herbicide clomazone. The seeds were soaked in SNP solution (200 mM) for one and 10 hours and sprayed with clomazone, at post-seeding and at the needle-point, with 612 (experiment 1) and 1,224 g a.i. ha-1 (experiment 2). The control of both factors received distilled water. Carotenoids, chlorophylls a, b and total, superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and the correlation between the variables were evaluated in the shoot of the plants. When compared to the control (no SNP), the imbibition for one hour increased carotenoid and total chlorophyll content by 24 and 54%, respectively, in experiment 1, where clomazone was applied in post-seeding. In the absence of the herbicide, the values were 37 and 59% higher. The SOD and POD activity, respectively, was increased by 48 and 51%, when the seeds were soaked for 10 hours and exposed to 612 g a.i. ha-1 of clomazone in post-seeding application. In a similar condition, in experiment 2, there were no changes in enzyme activity. Seed pretreatment with SNP increases the carotenoid and chlorophyll contents in rice plants, even with the inhibition of the MEP pathway by clomazone. The behavior of the SOD and POD activity indicates that other mechanisms besides the increase in the photosynthetic pigment contents are involved in the detoxification of the reactive oxygen species induced by the mode of action of clomazone.
Growth and Development of Ipomoea Weeds
Authors: BARROSO A.A.M. , FERREIRA P.S.H. , MARTINS D.
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT: Weeds reduce the productive potential of crops. Plants of the Ipomoea genus, besides competing for water, light, space and nutrients, create problems in crop harvests due to their volatile stems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the growth and development of five Ipomoea species. For such, Ipomoea grandifolia, Ipomoea hederifolia, Ipomoea nil, Ipomoea purpurea and Ipomoea quamoclit plants were analyzed during the summer and winter season. Five destructive and periodic growth evaluations were carried out for each study, where leaf number, leaves, stems, roots and the total biomass were analyzed. Phenological stages of the plant development were also evaluated for emergence, flowering and maturation sub-periods by degree-days, totalizing five treatments, conducted in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The phenology averages were analyzed according to the Hess scale, and the growth data through nonlinear regressions. I. quamoclit and I. grandifolia obtained the highest number of leaves in the summer and the winter, respectively. I. nil obtained greater accumulation of leaf and stem dry biomass in both seasons. I. grandifolia obtained greater root development in both periods. I. quamoclit presented reduced cycle times when compared to the other species, especially I. hederifolia and I. grandifolia, which presented larger cycles. Based on the results, I. grandifolia probably shows greater interference with agricultural crops due to high root growth, high leaf production and longer cycle. Shorter-cycle species, such as I. quamoclit, when present, should require shorter residual control periods.
Effect of Dicamba and Adjuvant Combination on Parthenium Control, Fodder Yield and Yield Components of Forage Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)
Authors: ASIF M. , TANVEER A. , SAFDAR M.E. , ALI A. , AHMAD S.
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT: Parthenium is an important weed which poses severe threats to yield and quality of sorghum and many other summer season crops, worldwide. As in other field crops, parthenium also reduces yield and quality of forage plants in forage crops so it should be controlled in forage and fodder crops. Parthenium control efficacy of five herbicide treatments (including dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha-1 (full rate) alone, dicamba at full rate + 1% ammonium sulphate, dicamba at full rate + 2% ammonium sulphate, dicamba at 75% rate + 1% ammonium sulphate and dicamba at 75% rate + 2% ammonium sulphate) was tested in field trials for two consecutive years (2013 and 2014). One manual hoeing three weeks after crop emergence was also performed as a treatment and weedy check was kept as control. Application of the full rate of dicamba with 2% ammonium sulphate showed the lowest parthenium dry weight (16.5 g m-2 and 23.5 g m-2) and NPK uptake that seem to be due to the highest parthenium control efficiency of 79.6% and 73.8% during 2013 and 2014, respectively. This weed management strategy also gave maximum values of yield components of forage sorghum, including plant height (261 and 254 cm), stem diameter (0.97 and 0.84 cm), leaf area per plant (3,072 and 3,041 cm2), fresh fodder yield (63.4 and 60.9 t ha-1) and dry matter yield (17.4 and 15.8 t ha-1) in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Highest net return and marginal rate of return (346 and 356% in 2013 and 2014, respectively) were also found when the full rate of dicamba with 2% ammonium sulphate was applied. In conclusion, tank-mixed application of dicamba at 304.5 g a.i. ha-1 with 2% of ammonium sulphate proved to be better for efficient control of parthenium weed in forage sorghum.
Tillering dynamics of digit grass subjected to different defoliation frequencies
Authors: Sousa Bráulio Maia de Lana , Rizato César Augusto , Fagundes Jailson Lara , Fontes Pryanka Thuyra Nascimento , Backes Alfredo Acosta , Oliveira Júnior Luiz Fernando Ganassali de , Cruz Natan Teles , Nascimento Carlos Souza do
Published: May 2019

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the tillering dynamics of 'Suvernola' digit grass (Digitaria eriantha) when subjected to different defoliation frequencies. Four defoliation frequencies (interval among harvests) were evaluated - very high, when the grass reached 25 cm in height; high, 35 cm; medium, 45 cm; and low, 55 cm - in two seasons of the year, with higher and lower insolation, from January 2015 to January 2016. A randomized complete block design with four replicates was used. The increase in defoliation frequency increased the number of generations and the appearance, mortality, and density rates of tillers, besides decreasing their survival rate, without changing population stability. At the time of lower insolation, tiller appearance and mortality rates were higher, while tiller survival rate, balance, and density were lower. The evaluated defoliation frequencies and seasons of the year do not change the persistence of digit grass when irrigated. Higher defoliation frequencies result in a greater renewal of digit grass tillers.
Pain self-management experiences in haemophilia patients: a qualitative study
Authors: Rambod Masoume , Sharif Farkondeh , Molazem Zahra , Khair Kate
Published: May 2019

Background

Pain management can prevent long-term burdens in haemophilia patients and improve their quality of life. The present study aimed to describe and interpret pain experiences in haemophilia patients, focusing on pain self-management in their lives.

Methods

This was a qualitative study undertaken using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The study involved 14 haemophilia patients referred to a haemophilia clinic affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and field notes. Thematic analysis with van Manen’s methodological framework was applied. Data analysis was performed using MAX. QDA qualitative software (2010).

Results

Four themes emerged: a sense of self-awareness and recognition of pain and the factors that affect it, the ability to control and self-manage pain, gradually achieving self-efficacy in pain control, and using cognitive and spiritual strategies for pain relief.

Conclusions

The study highlighted the essence of the lived experience of pain self-management and generated its linguistic description. By providing complementary therapy interventions, healthcare providers and family members could increase patients’ self-awareness, recognition, ability to self-manage and control pain effectively, and competence in developing cognitive and spiritual strategies for pain relief.
“Ask what can you do instead of thinking about what you can’t” Profile: Clive Smith
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: May 2019

Few would disagree that haemophilia presents challenges for everyone who lives with it. Perhaps the greatest of these is being denied the opportunities available to other people through fear of bleeding and joint damage. The regular infusions and clinic appointments that characterise treatment are certainly burdensome, and sometimes traumatic for children and parents alike; but being told ‘People with haemophilia can’t do this…’ is damning in its finality. It is enough to make you demand, ‘Why not?’ - which is exactly what Clive Smith and a growing number of people in the haemophilia community are asking.
Guidelines for the management of haemophilia in Egypt
Authors: Mokhtar Galila , El-Beshlawy Amal , El Alfy Mohssen , El Ekiaby Magdy , Omar Naglaa , Abd El-Azim Eid Khaled , Hassab Hoda , El Safy Osama , Mansour Ahmed , El Ashry Rasha , Shaheen Naglaa , Gawad Azza Abdel
Published: May 2019

These guidelines have been developed by an expert panel of haemophilia treaters to support the appropriate management of people with haemophilia in Egypt. Although the guidelines are based primarily on the World Federation of Hemophilia (WFH) Guidelines for the Management of Hemophilia, they aim to address unmet needs and local requirements in the Egyptian setting.
Young people’s experience of transition from paediatric to adult haemophilia care in the UK
Authors: Pembroke Luke , Dodgson Sandra
Published: May 2019

People with haemophilia and other bleeding disorders, such as von Willebrand’s Disease (vWD), are frequently diagnosed in childhood. There is, therefore, a recognised need to prepare children and young people with these conditions for transfer to long-term care in the adult sector.

The Transforming Transition programme was designed to facilitate the sharing of knowledge and experience to enhance transition practice in the UK. The aim of the programme was to secure change in working practices to enable nurses to drive improved transition outcomes, enhance self-management by people with haemophilia and develop clinical leadership.

As part of the programme, we captured young people’s views of their transition experiences by means of a series of structured interviews conducted with young people identified through the patient association. Interviews revealed that transition tended to take place around the age of 16 but could be delayed in response to individual circumstances. The transition process did not always appear to be planned, with many participants reporting an abrupt or sudden change between paediatric and adult teams and/or centres.

Those with severe haemophilia tended to be well educated and prepared by their paediatric teams to be confident in managing their condition from an early age. They would learn to self-infuse between the ages of 5-11, and reported feeling confident in tailoring their treatment around their daily routine. Experience of transition to adult services varied, with about half describing it as fairly well planned. For those with bleeding disorders such as vWD, there was rarely a transition process. These individuals and people with mild haemophilia described having less exposure to opportunities to learn self-management and appeared to experience issues which coincided with significant lifestyle changes, such as leaving home and attending university. This highlights the importance of ensuring that patients across the spectrum of bleeding disorders are adequately supported in the lead-up to and transfer to adult services. The interviews also reinforce the need to continue to address the specific needs of women with bleeding disorders as they transfer to adult services. The learning from this phase of the Transforming Transition programme was submitted to NICE as part of the consultation on its guideline.
Las ciencias sociales como otro escenario del conflicto colombiano: Una mirada desde la filosofía de Alasdair MacIntyre
Authors: Chambers Paul A.
Published: May 2019

El estudio científico-social del conflicto armado colombiano se ha convertido en un escenario más del conflicto basado en fuertes desacuerdos teóricos y filosóficos. Esto se debe a las inherentes dimensiones normativas e ideológicas de las ciencias sociales, las cuales afectan los marcos teóricos y los métodos científicos empleados y, por ende, la manera en que se perciben los “hechos” a analizar. Incide también en el tipo de explicaciones y variables que serán relevantes y las conclusiones a que se llega. El artículo sostiene que las tesis filosóficas de Alasdair MacIntyre pueden explicar y elucidar este problema además de apuntar hacia una solución.
La interpretación política de la tragedia griega de Hegel
Authors: Landaeta Mardones Patricio , Arias Krause Juan Ignacio
Published: May 2019

La interpretación de la tragedia griega en el pensamiento político de Hegel servirá para pensar las nuevas oposiciones que surgen tras la incorporación de la burguesía como elemento social, la que rompe con el modelo político desarrollado por los teóricos políticos modernos. Asumiendo esta necesidad de la época, lo que se pretende mostrar es, primero, la incorporación de la diferencia política al interior de la polis, realizado por el universo griego (con el análisis de Las Euménides de Esquilo); para luego mostrar la necesidad de esta diferencia para superar las oposiciones que se presentan al interior de la comunidad política (mediante el análisis de Antígona de Sófocles), con fin a señalar la importancia que tienen tales elementos en lo que será la exposición de la eticidad en la Filosofía política madura de Hegel.
Justicia transicional “desde abajo”: Un marco teórico constructivista crítico para el análisis de la experiencia colombiana
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Gabriel Ignacio
Published: May 2019

Este artículo busca establecer un diálogo con la literatura internacional sobre justicia transicional y ofrecer un marco teórico crítico que permita analizar la experiencia reciente en Colombia. Para tal efecto, en la primera parte del artículo sostengo que la idea de justicia transicional es una construcción discursiva relativamente reciente en el escenario político y académico internacional, pero que, a su vez, ha experimentado diferentes momentos y transformaciones. En la segunda parte, el artículo ofrece un marco teórico que permita reflexionar sobre la construcción de sentidos democráticos sobre la justicia transicional y los derechos de las víctimas en un escenario complejo como el colombiano. En tal sentido, con base en la perspectiva de campos sociales expuesta por Pierre Bourdieu (1992), sostengo que la justicia transicional es un espacio de confrontación y lucha entre sujetos sociales que cuentan con distintos acumulados de poder. Así mismo, me baso en perspectivas críticas en materia de derechos humanos y justicia transicional para resaltar la relevancia de sujetos sociales, como los movimientos sociales y las redes de derechos humanos, en la construcción de una justicia transicional “desde abajo”.
La ciencia política y sus métodos: Una comparación de los programas de ciencias sociales en Colombia
Authors: Baquero Sergio Angel , Barrero Escobar Fredy Andrés
Published: May 2019

La resolución 466 de 2007, promulgada por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional, representa un avatar sin precedentes en la institucionalización de la Ciencia Política en Colombia. Aunque avanza en la definición de las características específicas de calidad y desarrollo de los programas en materia de metodología, sin embargo no logra establecer una diferenciación clara entre los programas de ciencias sociales. Por esta razón, el presente artículo indaga por la especificidad disciplinar de la Ciencia Política, a partir de la revisión de los métodos de investigación, en los programas de pregrado de las universidades de Bogotá. Para este efecto, está dividido en dos partes: primero, una revisión de la discusión epistemológica sobre los métodos de la disciplina en Francia e Inglaterra; y segundo, una revisión de los contenidos y la bibliografía de los syllabus de metodología de los programas de ciencias sociales de las universidades de Bogotá. Al final, se espera demostrar que no existen métodos específicos de Ciencia Política sino métodos genéricos para las ciencias sociales.
Fundamentos filosóficos de una propuesta de reforma de la educación superior
Authors: Cortés Rodas Francisco
Published: May 2019

En este artículo se aborda en tres pasos el asunto de una reforma de la educación superior en Colombia: (i) se presentará la relación entre universidad y autonomía, (ii) luego se desarrolla la relación entre la investigación y la docencia y, (iii) se mostrará la importancia del humanismo en la formación universitaria. La idea central del artículo es que se requiere una reestructuración de la educación superior en la que se conformen modelos educativos que desarrollen un nuevo proyecto de educación superior para el país en el cual se articule un sistema universitario orientado a la producción de conocimiento con subsistemas regionales de educación superior que den respuesta a la educación de un país de regiones.
Casanova, José V. Genealogías de la secularización. Barcelona: Anthropos y Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 2012
Authors: Garzón Vallejo Iván
Published: May 2019

A 20 años de su publicación, el libro de José Casanova Public Religions in the Modern World ya es uno de los clásicos de la sociología de la religión y uno de los trabajos que mayores aportes ha hecho a la discusión sobre la secularización, la modernización, el pluralismo y las religiones públicas. Con el título Genealogías de la secularización, se publicó la recopilación del profesor Josetxo Beriain de 14 trabajos del profesor de Georgetown University aparecidos en los últimos años en revistas especializadas y volúmenes colectivos, dejándonos a sus lectores la tarea de releerlos y encontrar tópicos que permitan sistematizarlos.
Los matices de la intimidad: Una mirada a la dimensión política de la obra de Dora Ramírez
Authors: Vélez López Ana Cristina
Published: May 2019

El taller del artista ha sido un tema poco explorado por la investigación en Colombia, por lo tanto, este texto busca aproximarse al espacio creativo por excelencia de los artistas plásticos, pero en particular al taller de las artistas mujeres con el fin de problematizar la relación entre lo público y lo privado en la obra de la pintora antioqueña Dora Ramírez nacida en los años veinte del siglo pasado.
Elliot, John (2012). Haciendo historia. Madrid: Taurus
Authors: Ruiz Paola
Published: May 2019

Haciendo historia no es un testimonio biográfico a la manera del realizado por Eric Hobsbawm en sus Años interesantes, sino una original reflexión en torno al quehacer del historiador, los retos que supone la escritura del pasado y el horizonte actual de la disciplina histórica hecha a partir de un recorrido por el propio trabajo historiográfico del autor.
Entre historia y ficción: la retórica de la memoria en la prosa de Daniel Riquelme (1893-1911)
Authors: Aguayo Rodríguez Eduardo
Published: May 2019

El artículo examina las tensiones y relaciones entre discurso novelesco y discurso histórico en la obra del escritor chileno Daniel Riquelme, específicamente los usos y formas de la memoria como dialéctica crítica entre olvido y recuerdo en su prosa de divulgación histórica. Dado el escaso conocimiento que se tiene sobre la obra de este autor, el artículo propone dos lecturas complementarias: una, extensiva, permitirá señalar los hitos claves de la trayectoria autorial de Riquelme desde su trabajo como corresponsal de guerra hasta sus últimas colaboraciones como divulgador de la historia de Chile, a partir de los textos recuperados por nuestra investigación documental; la otra, intensiva, nos permitirá profundizar en las particularidades retóricas que caracterizan su prosa histórico-literaria, interpretando este corpus textual a la luz del proceso general de su obra y de los cambios y transformaciones sociales y culturales que definen el tránsito del siglo XIX al XX en Chile.
Figuraciones de la tierra natal: patria, nación, república
Authors: López Lopera Liliana María
Published: May 2019

El presente artículo busca dar respuesta a la pregunta por la especificidad del vínculo que expresa el concepto de nación. Para cumplir tal propósito se analizan los textos de las que han sido denominadas las primeras voces del nacionalismo en los siglos XVIII y XIX, y los estudios recientes sobre las nociones de nación, patria y república. El texto ofrece un acercamiento a los cuatro atributos predicables del concepto de nación, a saber: su carácter polémico y polisémico, su dimensión moderna y artificial, y su naturaleza política; examina las formas a través de las cuales se presentan los productos nacionalistas; y responde a la cuestión de cómo dichas ficciones imaginadas, inventadas o creadas consiguen fundar vínculos fuertes entre el pueblo y su nación. Concluye con una alusión al caso colombiano mostrando, de un lado, que en Colombia los conceptos de nación y de patria son inseparables del lenguaje republicano y, de otro, que la idea de nación que emerge es la de la nación trágica y melancólica.
La nación a pesar de las formas: Una construcción poética de la república
Authors: Londoño Sierra Sebastián
Published: May 2019

El propósito de este texto es resaltar el papel de la poesía como elemento esencial en el proyecto de independencia, en su doble condición de, por una parte, instrumento creador de la nueva realidad emancipada y, por otra, de construcción de un imaginario de nación en clave republicana. El texto ofrece una lectura de los poemas La victoria de Junín. Canto a Bolívar de José Joaquín de Olmedo y Alocución a la poesía. Fragmentos de un poema titulado “América” y La agricultura de la zona tórrida de Andrés Bello. El análisis se centra en estos poemas por considerarlos fundamentales para la configuración del imaginario de nación de los pueblos americanos. La hipótesis del texto es que ante la falta de un imaginario propio, la poesía será esencial por su función figurativa, y que son los poetas-próceres los que suplen la falta de un pasado común y propio en torno al cual pudiera construirse la nación como comunidad imaginada.
John Mario Ortiz y los desastres de la proyección
Authors: Giraldo Efrén
Published: May 2019

El artículo presenta la trayectoria del artista John Mario Ortiz. A través del análisis de sus obras e intervenciones, plantea las inquietudes temáticas más relevantes de su trabajo: crítica a las representaciones de la naturaleza, a la estética serial de los proyectos urbanísticos y a la idealización de la proyección arquitectónica y urbanística. El uso de diversos recursos plásticos insinúa una hipótesis de sentido en su trabajo: el artista opera como un traductor, como alguien que transita entre diversos sistemas de representación y construcción, los cuales se revisan en sus implicaciones ideológicas y políticas.
Pistas lingüísticas e identidad sexual en La búsqueda de Elizabeth, de Marta Pessarrodona
Authors: Gutiérrez Rivas Carolina
Published: May 2019

La relación entre lengua y sexualidad recién ha comenzado a cobrar importancia dentro de los estudios socioculturales. Este trabajo explora las distintas pistas lingüísticas encriptadas en el cuento La búsqueda de Elizabeth, de Marta Pessarrodona (1982), para desenmascarar la velada identidad sexual del personaje central. Un análisis referente al proceso de reconocimiento, búsqueda y aceptación de una identidad sexual no canónica de la protagonista validará los cuatro principios propuestos por Bucholtz y Hall (2005): afloramiento, indexicalidad, relacionalidad y parcialidad.
Phylogenetic statistical analysis v1
Authors: Xu Jing
Published: May 2019

The relative abundance (RF) was used to estimate a specific endophytic taxon from mangrove tissue or an individual plant [26] and was calculated as where Ni is the number of isolates of an individual species from the assemblage, and N is the total number of isolates for all species. The Camargo’s index (1/S) was used to determine the fungal dominance [27]. A species is defined as dominant when RF> 1/S, where S represents species richness, i.e., the total number of species in an assemblage. The colonization frequency (CF) reflects the extent of endophyte infection and was calculated as described by Santamrıa and Bayman [28]: where Ncol is the number of segments colonized by an individual species, and Nt is the total number of incubated segments. The fungal endophytic diversity of each mangrove variety and the different plant tissues was estimated using three diversity indices. The reason for using these diversity indices was to take advantage of the strengths of each index and to predict the complete structure of the different populations. The Shannon–Wiener Diversity index (H¢) was calculated as follows[29]: where pi= Ni /N, with Ni the number of isolates of an individual species of the assemblage, and N is the total number of isolates for all the species. Simpson’s Dominance index(D) was calculated as [30]: Sorensen’s index of similarity (QS) was used to evaluate the similarity of the endophytic fungal assemblages among different tissues or plants: where a is the number of common species between two tissues, while b and c are the number of species specific to each of the two tissues. Differences between the treatments were tested using a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 12.0 for Windows, and a significant level of P < 0:05 was used.
protocol v5
Authors: Niu Yanli , Peng Yansong , Chen Wenxing , Zhan Xuaihuai , Chachar Sadaruddin , Zhang Pingxian , Zhou Saixi , Gao Yuan
Published: May 2019

SSR and SRAP markers were employed to assess the genetic diversity and structure of sixty-four samples from four populations ofEmmenopterys henryi. Twelve pairs of SRAP primers generated 86 bands, and polymorphism rate was 88.37%. 148 polymorphic alleles were detected by ten pairs of SSR primers, with an average number of polymorphic alleles per primer pair of 14.8. The rank of population genetic diversity based on SRAP markers was: HS ＞DWS＞ JGS＞WYS population, while the sortation was DWS ＞WYS＞ JGS＞HS population. The analyzed samples based on SRAP markers were divided into two clusters by genetic structure, cluster and PCA analysis. However, the result of genetic structure, cluster and PCA analysis based on SSR markers were divided to three groups. It seemed that the extant of genetic pattern of E. henryi might have mainly attributed to its long evolutionary history, wide-ranging distribution, outcross mating system and human activities. AMOVA revealed that genetic variation mainly existed within populations. It suggested that gene exchange occurred among populations in the past, but at the same time, it resisted genetic differentiation due to gene drift. Based on the conservation of germplasm resources and genetic diversity, the combination of SRAP and SSR markers could fully implement conservation and sustainable exploitation of the endangered plant E. henryi.
Preservice Middle School Mathematics Teachers’ Understanding of Triangle Inequality through Collective Argumentation
Authors: UYGUN Tuğba , AKYÜZ Didem
Published: May 2019

The purpose of the present study was to examine how preservice middle school mathematics teachers develop the understanding and reasoning of triangle inequality through collective argumentation. Data collection process was based on whole class and peer group discussions and written documents. The data including the transcriptions of the discussion processes with the written documents were analyzed by using Toulmin’s model of argumentation. Through this collective argumentation process, they attained the knowledge and understanding of triangle inequality by suggesting and challenging their geometrical ideas about the concept and they developed and constructed their knowledge and understanding of this concept. It was found that the participants improved their knowledge and understanding of triangle inequality by argumentation through criticizing their mathematical ideas.
Etkili Okul Ölçeğinin Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması
Authors: Abdurrezzak Seyfettin , Ugurlu Celal Teyyar
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada okul etkililiğini belirlemeye yönelik
geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracının geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç
doğrultusunda ölçeğin geçerlik ve güvenirlik analizi çalışmaları yapılmıştır.
Araştırmanın geçerliğini belirlemek amacıyla açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör
analizi; güvenirliğini kestirmek amacıyla Cronbach’s Alpha iç tutarlılık
katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Verilerin istatistiki işlemlerinde SPSS 18.00 ve
LISREL 8.7 paket programları kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2014-2015
eğitim öğretim yılında Erzincan ili merkez ilçesindeki toplam 33 ortaokulda
görevli öğretmenlerin tamamı oluşturmuştur. Kapsam geçerliği uzman görüşüyle
sağlanan taslak ölçek, açımlayıcı faktör analizi çalışması için 239 öğretmene
uygulanmış ve analiz sonucunda açıklanan toplam varyans %66.27 olarak tespit
edilmiştir. Doğrulayıcı faktör analizi aynı evrenden alınan 377 öğretmen
üzerinden yapılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonucunda ölçeğin kabul edilebilir uyum
değerleri verdiği görülmüş (x²/sd (817.72/421=1.94, RMSEA=0.05, GIF=0.88,
AGFI=0.86, RMR=0.084, CFI=0.98, NNFI=0.98) ve beş faktörlü bir yapıya sahip
olduğu doğrulanmıştır. Ölçekte yer alan alt boyutlar “yönetici”, “öğretmenler”,
“okul ortamı ve eğitim süreci”, “öğrenciler” ve “okul çevresi ve veliler” şeklinde
adlandırılmıştır. Güvenirlik analizinde ölçeğin Cronbach’s Alpha değeri 0.95
olarak hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, Etkili Okul Ölçeği’nin 5 boyut ve 31
maddeden oluşan geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğunu ortaya
koymaktadır.
Okul Müdürlerinin Etik Liderlik Davranışları, Öğretmenlerin Okul Müdürüne Güven Algıları ve Örgütsel Bağlılıklarının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ERTÜRK Ramazan
Published: May 2019

Araştırmada okul müdürlerinin etik liderlik
davranışları, öğretmenlerin okul müdürüne güven algıları ve örgütsel
bağlılıkları arasında ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlanmıştır. İlişkisel tarama
yöntemi kullanılan araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Bolu ili Yeniçağa ilçesinde
2016-2017 eğitim-öğretim yılı 1. döneminde görev yapan 103 öğretmen
oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada verilerin toplanmasında Etik Liderlik Ölçeği, Çok
Amaçlı T Ölçeği ve Örgütsel Bağlılık Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Araştırma
verilerinin analizinde ortalama, standart sapma, Mann-Whitney
U testi, Kruskal-Wallis testi ve Pearson korelasyon katsayısı yapılmıştır. Farklı cinsiyet, branş, yaş ve kıdemdeki öğretmenlerin
örgütsel bağlılık, okul müdürünün etik liderlik davranışları ve okul müdürüne
güven algıları benzer özellik göstermektedir. Öğretmenlerin okul müdürlerinin sergiledikleri etik liderlik algıları
ile öğretmenlerin okul müdürüne güven algıları arasında; okul müdürlerinin
sergiledikleri etik liderlik davranışları ile öğretmenlerin örgütsel
bağlılıkları arasında; öğretmenlerin okul müdürüne güven algıları ile örgütsel
bağlılıkları arasında pozitif yönlü
ve yüksek düzeyde anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu
saptanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonuçları doğrultusunda öğretmenlerin
okul müdürlerinin sergiledikleri etik
liderlik davranış algıları, öğretmenlerin okul müdürüne güven algıları ve
öğretmenlerin örgütsel bağlılıkları arasındaki pozitif yönlü ve yüksek düzeyde anlamlı ilişki
göz önünde bulundurulduğunda öğretmenlerin okul müdürüne güven
ve örgütsel bağlılıklarının artması için okul müdürlerinin davranışlarının
etik düzeyde olması gerekir. Okul müdürlerine eğitim ve okul yönetimi alanında
üniversal eğitimler verilerek liderlik vasıflarının geliştirilmesi
sağlanabilir.
Ideologia neodarwinistă
Authors: Gafton Francisc , Chirilă Adina
Published: May 2019

Credința dominantă încă în materie de evoluționism este că neodarwinismul reprezintă cea mai bună explicație evoluționistă, întrucît o conține pe cea darwiniană, ameliorată prin ajustări și adaosuri furnizate de cercetarea științifică în desfășurare, asiduă, obiectivă și străină de vreo ideologie. În fapt, pe parcursul istoriei sale, neodarwinismul a eșuat în menținerea unei linii de gîndire clare și orientate de fapte. A devenit limpede că, urmîndu-i paradigma originară, nu se putea rezolva problema evoluției; astfel că, pe parcursul ultimei jumătăți a secolului trecut, s-au manifestat încercări de ameliorare a neodarwinismului, fără succesele scontate. Eșecul se explică prin una din tarele curentului: respingerea categorică și arogantă a poziției lamarckiene în chestiunea evoluției. Or, cercetările din deceniile recente și deducțiile logice pornite din observarea a ceea ce Natura produce impun revizuirea paradigmelor și anularea forței vreunei dogme. Cîștigul ar fi al științei și al cunoașterii umane.
Structuri inferențiale în limba română veche. Condiționalul și concesivul
Authors: Găitănaru Ștefan
Published: May 2019

Studiul de față își propune să evidențieze faptul că perioada condițională și cea concesivă sînt două forme de manifestare a raționamentului ipotetico-deductiv la nivelul limbajului natural. Au fost descrise în diacronie evoluția conectorilor, uneori cu sublinierea zonelor de interferență, valorile semantice impuse de componenta modală a predicativității și de determinismul contextual. Analiza evolutivă a conectorilor a scos în evidență faptul că limba română veche, pentru impunerea sensului procedural concesiv cunoaște, ca celelalte limbi romanice, o zonă mare de creativitate, dar, spre deosebire de acestea, își exercită și caracterul conservator. Conceperea celor două raporturi sintactice ca variante ale aceluiași sistem, urmărește proiecția stilistică (paradoxul și oximoronul), relația semantică și formală a conectorilor și implicarea conectorilor coordonatori adversativi în polarizarea opozițiilor în limba română veche.
Forms and functions of vague language in academic journal article abstracts
Authors: Cusen Gabriela
Published: May 2019

This paper reports on an exploratory investigation of the IMRaD moves (Introduction, Method, Results and Discussion) which show the degree of informativeness in terms of referential explicitness of academic texts and of use of vague language in academic journal abstracts published in 2010 and 2011. The areas of research these articles focus on are: language and linguistics, literature and cultural studies. The analysis of the data, based on an existing analytical framework (Cutting, 2012), revealed that authors use vague language (e.g.: ‘general nouns’, ‘hedging devices’ and ‘vague quantifiers’) and that the abstracts mostly consist of the introduction and discussion moves. Results of research into the writing of article abstracts may benefit both novice academic text writers and academics guiding their work.