bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1D-3D co-simulation pipe resonance induced by cavitating vortex shedding
Authors: Alligne S , Veuthey N , Béguin A , Ruchonnet N , Nicolet C
Published: December 2024

Hydraulic systems may experience excitation caused by complex flow patterns within various components of the system. A computational effective way to predict the interaction between the hydraulic system and the excitation source is to conduct a co-simulation using two independent simulation codes. One code models the fluid pipe system using a one-dimensional compressible approach, while the other code simulates the excitation source with a three-dimensional model. Recognized as a standard communication protocol for linking two simulation codes that solve a system of ordinary differential equations, the Functional Mockup Interface, FMI, protocol has been implemented in SIMSEN to couple with the Ansys CFX software solution. Localized hydrodynamic instabilities including cavitation are prone to interact with the entire system. A cavitating case study has been investigated to assess robustness and accuracy of the co-simulation performed with the FMI protocol. The case study consists in a straight pipe connecting two constant pressure tanks with a bluff body placed at 3/4 of the pipe length. The vortex shedding is the excitation which frequency is proportional to the flow velocity. Measurements are available for resonant and non-resonant conditions in cavitating and free cavitating flow regimes. Co-simulations are performed between SIMSEN 1D model of the pipe and a pseudo 3D CFX model of the bluff body, reduced to one cell in the width direction. The comparisons with measurements show good agreement despite the pseudo 3D approach to simulate bluff body-induced excitation. This demonstrates that this approach is valid to address complex unsteady, compressible and cavitating flow phenomena.
Analysis of the impact of magnetic and electric fields on the environment within the free space of SUTT segment Ulee Kareng - Banda Aceh
Authors: Hizas S , Gani A , Sara ID
Published: December 2024

Public concerns exist regarding the potential negative impacts of magnetic and electric fields generated from SUTT lines on the environment and health. This study investigates the validity of this public concern by measuring and analyzing the magnitude of the magnetic and electric fields to determine if they remain within safe limits according to SNI, IRPA, and WHO standards. The study aims to mitigate the negative impact of SUTT on research locations including highway areas, plantations, rice fields, and brick houses, chosen using purposive sampling. This study found that the highest electric field value was measured in the plantation area at point A2 (2.1367 kV/m) and the lowest in the brick house area at point A5 (0.1795 kV/m). The highest magnetic field value was measured in the rice field area at point A5 (1.6363 μT) and the lowest in the road area at point B2 (1.5517 μT). SUTT operators monitor the magnetic and electric fields around the transmission area to ensure that the values remain within safe limits. Therefore, it is recommended to manage the vegetation around the transmission area to prevent interference with SUTT performance and to ensure that vegetation does not become an unwanted electrical conduction path.
Attitudes, awareness, and knowledge of Wolbachia-aedes aegypti technology in Yogyakarta: a survey
Authors: Jassey B , Yudhastuti R , Notobroto H B , Azizah R , Candraning D K , Ridha M R , Indrayani R , Sulistyorini L , Jalaludin J , Manjang B , Permatasari F I
Published: December 2024

In 2014, Yogyakarta initiated the release of male Wolbachia-Aedes mosquitoes as a supplementary measure to vector control efforts, targeting the suppression of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in designated study areas. Concurrently, with the ongoing expansion of the Randomized Control Trial of Wolbachia in Yogyakarta to encompass broader regions, a household-based survey was conducted between January and June 2024 across two Project Wolbachia study sites. The survey utilized a structured questionnaire to gauge current public sentiments and identify the need for enhanced public messaging and engagement. Factors influencing awareness, attitudes, and knowledge towards Wolbachia-Aedes technology were examined using Pearson’s Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. Among the 1000 respondents, 80.8% reported a Randomized Control Trial of Wolbachia in Yogyakarta awareness. However, the level of detailed knowledge about Wolbachia-Aedes technology was notably lower, indicating significant knowledge gaps that necessitate improved communication and educational efforts to counter misinformation. The survey revealed that prolonged exposure to the project correlated with higher awareness, while higher educational attainment was linked to better knowledge levels. Additionally, younger age groups and individuals with higher education levels demonstrated greater project acceptance. Trust and acceptance levels towards the project were generally high among the population. The public’s favorable perception of the project underscores the success of the current public communication strategies and will support the program’s future expansion.
Environmental influences on sleep quality in university dormitories
Authors: Budiawan Wiwik , Prastawa Heru , Merdeka Gusti Fattahilah Putra , Ari Shania Mustika
Published: December 2024

Environmental factors play a critical role in determining sleep quality, which is essential for physical and cognitive restoration. Key environmental parameters such as ambient temperature, relative humidity, CO2 levels, and particulate matter (PM2.5) have been identified as significant contributors to sleep disturbances. This study investigates the impact of university’s dormitory environmental conditions on student’s sleep quality. By understanding these influences, we aim to provide data-driven recommendations for optimizing the dormitory environment to promote better sleep quality. The findings revealed that students’ sleep quality was poor, with subjective measures such as a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score above 5 and Sleep Onset Latency (SOL) over 20 minutes, and objective measures showing less than 7 hours of total sleep time, REM sleep percentage below 25%, and NREM sleep percentage under 75%. High average temperatures of 29.79°C and relative humidity of 88.70% were significant environmental factors associated with poor sleep quality. Additionally, CO2 and PM2.5 concentrations exceeded safe limits, contributing to respiratory discomfort and reduced sleep quality. Thus, improving the dormitory environment at UNDIP is essential for enhancing sleep quality.
Effectiveness of commercial bioactivator in biofilters on acclimatization time and reduction of BOD and COD in cracker industrial wastewater treatment
Authors: Hamdani A , Hadiyanto  , Sudarno
Published: December 2024

Indramayu is one of the regions with a fish cracker processing industry with production output of 3.5 thousand tons or 45.20% of the total production of processed fishery products. The production of fish crackers produces wastewater which increase organic pollutants in wates that exceed quality standards. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of commercial bioactivator on acclimatization time and the reduction of COD and BOD levels in liquid waste of the cracker industry by using anaerobic-aerobic biofilters on andesite stone fragment media. Based on the results of this study, the bioactivator was able to reduce COD concentration from 2337.71 mg/L to 196.94 mg/L and BOD concentration from 653.6 mg/L to 95.09 mg/L. The final ratio of BOD/COD increased from 0.22 at 4 hours to 0.47 at 24 hours indicating a shift into the biodegradable zone. The total COD removal efficiency reached 91.42%, while BOD removal efficiency reached 85.26%.
Analysis of Carbon and Nitrogen Content in Organic Waste Processed by Bio-drying with a Hot Air Flow System
Authors: Suryantara A R , Samadikun B P , Zaman B , Hardyanti N , Putri N S , Purwono P , Failusuf T A M , Oktiawan W
Published: December 2024

The biodrying method is used in mechanical biological treatment facilities, focusing on the rapid reduction of moisture content through the heat generated by the degradation of organic matter. Analysis of changes in carbon and nitrogen content in the biodrying process of organic waste with a hot airflow system is essential to understand the biodegradation process and the quality of the final product. This study aims to analyze changes in carbon and nitrogen content in organic waste biodrying with a hot air flow system. This research method uses a biodrying reactor made of concrete with a thickness of 10 cm. Reactor dimensions 80 x 250 cm. The composition of the sample consisted of cabbage waste, kale waste, spinach waste, dried leaves. The samples are chopped, mixed and fed into a bio drying unit. Hot air was flowed to the bio drying unit. The result show that the carbon concentration of the initial sample is 39.21%. The highest carbon concentration occurred at the 20th minute at 92.30%, while the lowest value occurred at the 25th minute at 14.18%. The highest value of nitrogen concentration occurred at the 20th minute of 2.23%, while the lowest value occurred at the 55th minute of 0.16%. The highest change occurred in the time interval of 15 minutes to 25 minutes.
Utilization of styrofoam in lightweight concrete as a soundproof wall
Authors: Ngudi H C , Sudharto P H , Ernie S
Published: December 2024

Lightweight concrete panel walls are an innovation in concrete used for building walls. Since conventional concrete has a specific gravity of about 2400 kg/m3, it is quite heavy, creating a need for new, lighter, and soundproof materials. A new alternative to achieve lightweight materials is the combination of normal concrete and Styrofoam. In lightweight concrete construction that has compressive strength according to needs, it is one of the desired alternatives. This research aims to evaluate the utilization of the properties of Styrofoam as the main material in making lightweight concrete which has a volume weight of less than 1900 kg/m3 and adequate compressive strength. The method is carried out by making a cylindrical test object with a diameter of 15-30 cm which is tested with a concrete press to measure the compressive strength of the wall. Identify the quality of compressive strength of lightweight concrete by adding material Styrofoam with a Styrofoam material ratio of 1Pc: 2Pc: 3 styrofoam, 1 Pc: 1.5 Sand: 2.5 Styrofoam, and composition 1 Pc: 1.25 Sand: 2.75 Styrofoam. The literature review regarding lightweight concrete made from Styrofoam is on mechanical performance, durability and soundproofing capabilities compared with laboratory research. The results of this research on lightweight concrete mixed with styrofoam have the potential to reduce the specific gravity of concrete so that it affects the weight of walls as a building material.
Evaluation on implementing green stormwater infrastructure to reduce runoff and conserve water in Banyumanik, Semarang
Authors: Sarminingsih A , Nugraha W D , Shafanisa A A
Published: December 2024

Flood problems do not always occur identically in areas with low-lying topography or coastal areas. Floods also often occur in areas with relatively high topography, for example in the Jalan Dr. Setiabudi Banyumanik Semarang. In some places the area is concave, the drainage system is inadequate so flooding often occurs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the existing drainage capacity and to analyse efforts to plan a sustainable urban drainage system by implementing Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI). The GSI type is adjusted to land availability and soil characteristics. Hydrology and hydraulics analysis methods are used is SWMM 5.2. Based on a combination of spatial, hydrological and hydraulic analysis of existing conditions, 55 overflows were obtained. Efforts to reduce runoff are planned by placing GSI in locations where the land is available. The area that allows GSI to be implemented is around 28.4 Ha of 67.9 Ha total drainage catchment area, with GSI in the form of 343 infiltration wells, 1.0 m in diameter with a depth of 5.0 m. Implementing infiltration wells can reduce the total runoff upto 23.32%. To deal with excess runoff, the channel dimensions have been enlarged, especially at the outlet in the downstream area.
Improving Eco-efficiency of crude palm oil production process using life cycle assessment
Authors: Hartini S , Saptadi S , Nurmilatina  , Sari D P , Wicaksono P A
Published: December 2024

Previous research in Crude Palm Oil (CPO) industry in Indonesia focused on added value of waste from CPO production and assessment of environmental impacts caused by CPO production. There has been no research that analyzes environmental impact from CPO production waste processing and eco-efficiency analysis of CPO production. CPO production waste can be palm oil mill liquid waste (POME) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA). Purpose of this study are to examine the potential for reducing environmental impacts and increasing the eco-efficiency index (EEI) from waste processing in the CPO production. This study used life cycle assessment (LCA) method. From LCA analysis, its known that there are 3 largest impacts categories from this study, namely carbon footprint, ecotoxicity-freshwater and eutrophication. The gate-to-gate process from the existing conditions of CPO processing has an EEI of 0.95. This value is included in the affordable and not sustainable category. The scenario of processing POME waste into liquid organic fertilizer can increase the EEI to 5.10, this score included in the affordable and sustainable category.
Environmental Sensitivity Firm, Environment Performance Rating, Profitability, and Carbon Disclosure – Does Firm Size Matter?
Authors: Mukhibad Hasan , Wahyuningrum Indah Fajarini Sri , Pertiwi Meilani Intan , Gymnastiar Hamzah Fahreza , Lestari Tiara Dwi
Published: December 2024

The study aims to examine how Indonesian manufacturing sector companies’ carbon disclosure is influenced by their environmental sensitivity firm profile, environment performance rating, and profitability. The study also analyses whether firm size has a moderating role in the environment sensitivity firm profile, environment performance rating, and profitability–carbon disclosure association. The study includes 38 manufacturing sector companies listed in Indonesia with 152 firm-year observations. System Generalized Method of Moment (Sys-GMM) analysis using data for four years, from 2019 to 2022, is carried out. The study reveals a negative influence of environmental performance rating on carbon disclosure. The environment sensitivity firm profile and profitability do not influence carbon disclosure. Additionally, firm size has a positive moderating effect on environmental performance rating on carbon disclosure.
Harmonizing tourism and nature conservation: a governance model for sustainable tourism villages in Indonesia
Authors: Kristanti Dwi , Purnaweni Hartuti , Dwimawanti Ida Hayu , Yuwono Teguh
Published: December 2024

Developing tourism in villages often grapples with the challenge of balancing growth with conservation. Poor management may lead to harm and the depletion of resources. This study uses case studies from Pentingsari, Nglanggeran, and Candirejo to examine governance models for fostering tourism in villages. The research adopts an approach through field observations in in-depth interviews and document analysis to explore this issue. Findings reveal that these villages have implemented a governance structure involving collaboration among government bodies, private enterprises, and residents. The active involvement of the community emerges as a factor in preserving the environment and indigenous knowledge. Furthermore integrating ecotourism principles and empowering communities contribute to striking a balance, between tourism development and nature preservation. The study presents a governance model that can be replicated in tourist villages to promote sustainable growth.
Analysis of Community-Based Sanitation Implementation in Pariaman City
Authors: Frinaldi Aldri , Mubarak Adil , Afdalisma  , Rezeki Angga Putra Tri , Rista Mia , Helmi Rahmadhona Fitri , Wilis Ratna
Published: December 2024

Proper sanitation can have health impacts and social environmental impacts if it is not implemented with optimal community-based governance in Pariaman City. This research aims to analyze the implementation of a proper Community-Based Sanitation Program in Pariaman City. This type of research is qualitative with a policy research approach. The results show that the implementation of the Community Based Sanitation Program has not reached the Universal Access target of 100-0-100, so it is categorized as not yet feasible. This is also because 100% coverage of clean water access has not been achieved, so the 0% target has not been achieved. This area is not a Underresourced neighbourhood, so it appears that the 100% adequate sanitation target has not been achieved. However, based on data in the field, there are still many infrastructure facilities that are not functioning and have not been repaired for sustainability. Beside that, there are also problems such as the development of drinking water and sanitation that is not yet sustainable, community participation is still low, and management institutions that are not yet well integrated due to the lack of capacity of Community Level Management Organizations to manage.
Community involvement in the development of nagari-based sustainable waste management
Authors: Mubarak A , Frinaldi A , Syamsir  , Syolendra D F , Fitriyanti W , Rezeki A P T
Published: December 2024

Effective and sustainable waste management is a significant challenge for many communities, especially in Nagari (Village), which has local wisdom and a solid social structure. This research aims to analyze community involvement in the development of Nagari-based sustainable waste management, focusing on the active participation of the community in every stage of waste management, from collection sorting to final processing. The research method used is qualitative, with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and document analysis. The research was conducted in Nagari Sikabau, Dharmasraya Regency, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. The results show that community involvement in Nagari-based sustainable waste management improves waste management efficiency and strengthens social and cultural relations between residents. Community participation in waste management education and training programs and the formation of Nagari-based working groups proved effective in creating behavioral changes and environmental awareness. In addition, support from the local government (Nagari) and synergy between various stakeholders (universities) are determining factors for the success of this program. This research concludes that Nagari-based sustainable waste management can be a practical and applicable model in other areas with similar characteristics.
Analysis of environmental impact on the production process of packaged drinking water using the life cycle assessment method
Authors: Sari D P , Nugraeni A R , Hartini S. , Azzahra F , Wicaksono P A
Published: December 2024

PT X is a company engaged in the bottled drinking water industry. In order to carry out its activities, the company strives to create a better future through a healthy lifestyle, earth, and ecosystem. Therefore, this factory needs to conduct a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as part of the company’s commitment to environmental conservation. Based on the LCA results assessment using the SimaPro software version 9.1.1.7 with the eco-cost 2024 V1.0 method, it can be seen that the three stages of the production process that are hotspots are the process of making preform bottles with a contribution of 53.85% or IDR 29,303,310,488, followed by the packing process with a contribution of 25.24% or IDR 13,733,242,930, and the distribution process with a contribution of 9.75% or IDR 5,307,391,210. The improvement recommendations given include the implementation of an air recovery system to reuse residual air in the process of blowing preform into bottles, improvement of road infrastructure in the distribution area, implementation of truck use policies, enforcement of regulations with certification and testing motorized vehicles transporting goods and the implementation of a hybrid solar PV system to improve energy efficiency and reliability as well as optimize space for PV installation.
Evaluating the Performance and Waste Reduction Strategies of Temporary Waste Disposal Site 3R Facilities in Sukoharjo: A Case Study of Anugrah Palur
Authors: Kisworo Wahyu , Suhardono Sapta , Wayan Koko Suryawan I
Published: December 2024

In 2023, the Temporary Waste Disposal Site 3R facilities in Sukoharjo have shown varied performance, with 4 out of the 12 facilities operating at optimal levels. Among these, Temporary Waste Disposal Site 3R Anugrah Palur stands out as one of the facilities functioning efficiently. This research aims to investigate the waste management mechanisms and strategies for waste reduction implemented at Temporary Waste Disposal Site 3R Anugrah Palur. To achieve this, a mixed-methods approach was employed, encompassing load count analysis, as well as observations and interviews with key stakeholders. The findings of the study revealed that over a span of eight days, Temporary Waste Disposal Site 3R recorded an average daily waste generation of 724.76 kg. This equates to an average household waste production rate of 2.07 kg per family per day, or 0.69 kg per individual. The facility demonstrated a high recovery factor of 89.11%, successfully managing to process and reduce 645.86 kg of waste each day. These results highlight the effectiveness of the waste management practices at Temporary Waste Disposal Site 3R Anugrah Palur and provide valuable insights into efficient waste reduction strategies that can be applied in similar contexts.
The first initiative of dna barcoding of palaquium rostratum (miq.) burck from Bangka, Indonesia
Authors: Arsyadi A , Saputri R
Published: December 2024

Palaquium rostratum (Miq.) Burck with a local name Nyatoh, is the floral identity of Bangka Belitung Islands and has widely potential uses, making conservation efforts for this species important. However, there is still insufficient data about Nyatoh including information on its genetic diversity. In this study we used the chloroplast DNA (rbcL) as gene markers to identify P. rostratum in Bangka Island. The method included DNA extraction, PCR amplification, and DNA sequence analysis. Total 606 bp of rbcL sequences was obtained from Nyatoh leaves. When comparing to other DNA references using BLASTn, the barcode region of P. rostratum in this study showed up to 99% similarity with Palaquium sp. collected from Temburong, Brunei Darussalam. Further, phylogenetic analysis revealed the DNA barcode marker used were able to assign correctly to genus level while they showed a lower or no success in assigning taxa to species. For future, we recommend other DNA barcode or combination (e.g. ITS, rbcL + matK) to have a higher level of discriminatory power.
Bioplastics based on waste paper cellulose, glycerol, and chitosan: the evaluation of mechanical properties
Authors: Puspita I , Sari P , Roehafi F , Novita  , Junaidi  , Latupapua F C
Published: December 2024

Bioplastics are an alternative to conventional plastics to overcome environmental problems due to the accumulation of plastic waste. Cellulose is one of the materials that can be used as reinforcement for natural polymer-based bioplastics. One material that has a very high cellulose content is waste paper. This study was conducted to make bioplastics based on waste paper cellulose, glycerol, and chitosan. The mass of waste paper cellulose was the variable that varied in this study. The parameters of mechanical properties evaluated in this study include tensile strength, elongation, degradation rate, and water absorption. The results showed that increasing the mass of added cellulose increased the tensile strength value of bioplastics but decreased the elongation value. The results also show that increasing cellulose mass can reduce the water absorption of bioplastics produced. The sample with the highest tensile strength value is the addition of 3 grams of waste paper cellulose, with a tensile strength value of 1.99 MPa and an elongation of 4.4%.
Implementation of Supervised Learning Algorithm to Predict Climate Factors in Pangkalpinang
Authors: Wahyuni D , Amelia R , Halim N
Published: December 2024

Currently, the world is experiencing erratic climate conditions, characterized by an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather, as well as significant climate changes such as an increase in global temperatures. Pangkalpinang city is one of cities with the highest population density in Bangka Belitung Islands. This population density contributes to climate change through increased greenhouse gas emissions from transportation activities, industry, and high energy consumption. Conversely, climate change also has an impact on environmental conditions and the quality of life, making it important to predict climate factors to effectively manage their impact. The purpose of this research is to determine the prediction of climate factors in Pangkalpinang City. In this research, three Supervised Learning algorithm research methods were used, including Linear Regression, ANN (Artificial Neural Network), and XGBoost Regressor (Extreme Gradient Boosting Regressor). Based on the results of the research that has been conducted, it shows that the XGBoost Regressor model provides the best performance with an MSE value of 79.304 and the smallest MAPE value of 16.912. Beside it, the R-squared value is 0.654. This model shows a good ability to predict climate variables compared to other methods. This finding can be the basis for more appropriate policy making in anticipating and managing the impacts of climate change in Pangkalpinang.
Life cycle analysis of a solar photovoltaic system in a Philippine university
Authors: Lunag M N , Tandoc R E , Camat R K S , Capito R C , Castañeda L M F , Cobarrubias E P P , Dela Cruz J J N , Focasan J N M , Perez K I Q , Rung J T H M
Published: December 2024

Renewable energy sources have been growing in popularity because of the Republic Act 9513, also known as the Renewable Energy Act 2008. With these, various universities in the Philippines have already installed solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. However, details such as carbon emissions reduction and the efficiency of PV systems in Philippine universities still need to be included as baseline data for policy formulation and sustainability. This study aims to evaluate the solar PVs installed at Saint Louis University as part of its climate change advocacy. The environmental Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach was conducted through the OpenLCA software with the Ecoinvent database. Results showed that the PV panels installed in the university are economically and environmentally beneficial, wherein the installed panels’ break-even point and cost-benefit ratio are 7 years and 4.5, respectively. Through the cradle-to-grave analysis from manufacturing, transportation, installation, operation, and recycling, the solar PV system yielded an annual emission savings of 278,369 kg of CO2 equivalent. Moreover, the GHG emission payback period was only 2.22 years, with a 93% GHG reduction from utilizing solar PV systems instead of coal-fired power plants. With the summarized results of LCA, this paper hopes to contribute to the solar energy data on Energy Payback Time (EPBT) and GHG emission rates.
Evaluation of fuel deposit and smoke emissions of Indonesian palm biodiesel B100 enhanced by BHT additive in a stationary diesel engine
Authors: Ma’ruf M , Wijayanti S P , Soewono R T , Haryono I
Published: December 2024

As a tropical country, Indonesia has various plants that can be used as alternative energy sources, including palm oil as a biodiesel material. The use of biodiesel at a relatively high ratio continues to be encouraged by the government through various policies. The application of high concentrations of biodiesel in diesel engines needs to be supported by a series of studies to solve some of the problems that may occur and to ensure that no negative impacts occur. Oxidation stability and deposit formation are the main concerns in biodiesel use. In this study, an evaluation of B100 and B100+1000 ppm BHT fuel was carried out to determine its oxidation stability and its effect on the formation of deposits in the combustion chamber. Deposit evaluation is carried out on a stationary engine running for 70 hours (10 hours per day) with a constant load of 70% for each fuel. The addition of 1000 ppm BHT to B100 increased the oxidation stability by 171%, reduced smoke emissions by 24%, and lowered total deposit formation in the combustion chamber by 25%. A decrease in deposits was observed on the piston (32%), cylinder head (8%), and exhaust valve (23%). However, a slight increase in deposits was noted on the intake valve (11%) and injector tip, as seen from the photographic comparison. Importantly, the increase in injector tip deposits did not affect engine performance during the 70 hours of testing.
The yield and economic potential of local robusta coffee in Bangka Belitung
Authors: Zasari M , Kartika  , Evahelda
Published: December 2024

Coffee is an important commodity for the economy of the Bangka Belitung people. The development of people’s coffee plants becomes more efficient by utilizing local genetic sources. The description of the yield and economic potential of local coffee plants is useful for determining strategies for developing coffee plants in Bangka Belitung. The research was aimed to identify the yield and economic potential of local robusta coffee in Bangka Belitung. The research was conducted using the purposive sampling method on three healthy and vigorous coffee plants in people’s coffee plantation located in several villages in Bangka Tengah Regency, namely Lampur, Celuak, Pading; Bangka Regency, namely Petaling Banjar, Mengkubung; and Belitung Timur Regency, namely Jangkang and Limbongan. The yield potential b “Descriptors for Coffee (Coffea spp. and Psilanthus spp.)” by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI). The observations of yield characteristics are displayed tabularly and descriptively. Phenotype variability were analyzed using the formula suggested by Singh & Chaudari (1979). The feasibility of coffee farming was analyzed using the Benefit Cost Ratio (net B/C ratio) and Internal rate of return (IRR) equation. The results of the study showed that the yield characteristics of local robusta coffee in Bangka Belitung were diverse with narrow phenotypic variability. Based on the number of productive branches, number of internodes, number of bunches, number of fruits per bunch, and weight of 100 dry bean, the Petaling Banjar accession has the highest yield. Financially, coffee farming is feasible as a plantation crop business for coffee farmers in Bangka Belitung.
Comparative downdraft gasification performance using falcata wood pellets and chips
Authors: Simpao F T , Espina R U , Zamora R M
Published: December 2024

Tropical off-grid regions are rich in biomass resources like Falcata, a fast-growing tree species. This study examines the optimal form of Falcata wood, comparing pellets (FWP) and chips (FWC) for community-based gasification systems using a downdraft gasifier. Key methods included feedstock uniformity assessment, syngas composition analysis, and efficiency calculations. Results showed FWP provided better uniformity and consistent feeding, while FWC may need further processing for improved efficiency. FWC had a higher heating value (17.92 MJ/kg) and volatile matter (84.29%) than FWP, which had more fixed carbon (18.20%) but also higher ash content (1.98%). FWP produced syngas with higher CO and H2 concentrations, leading to better overall syngas quality, while FWC yielded more non-combustible CO2. Energy Conversion Efficiency (ECE) and Gas Efficiency (GE) indicated that FWP is four times more effective and twice as efficient for gasification compared to FWC. The study concludes that both forms can produce high-quality syngas, but further research is needed to assess the economic viability and optimize gasification parameters for improved efficiency.
Support vector machine analysis to predict the value of tin exports as an effort to prevent environmental damage in the Bangka Belitung islands province
Authors: Dalimunthe D Y , Simarmata A C , Qisai A Z
Published: December 2024

The Bangka Belitung Islands Province is one of the largest tin producers in Indonesia, so tin mining and environmental damage continue to be hot topics among the people of Bangka Belitung. Therefore, research is needed to predict the value of tin exports as part of efforts to prevent environmental damage. The analysis method used in this research is a Support Vector Machine (SVM). The SVM method is included in the supervised learning category with a machine learning approach in creating algorithms to predict results accurately. The data used is data on the tin export value of the Bangka Belitung Islands Province for the period January 2017 to December 2023. Based on the results of the data analysis carried out, it was found that the SVM method that is suitable for predicting export value is the Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel. Based on this method, the highest value obtained in the Bangka Belitung tin export data was $219,028,197 in May 2025 and the lowest was $2,752,377 in June 2026. It can be concluded that the predicted results of the Bangka Belitung tin export data fluctuated slightly downward in line with the decline in the commodity value of tin in this province. The hope is that the decrease in tin export predictions must also be anticipated by local government policies in dealing with the availability and type of damage caused by this non-renewable natural resource commodity.
Economical and technical analysis of Pangkalpinang waste power plant incinerator technology
Authors: Saragih W J , Asmar  , Puriza M Y , Rachmani A A , Anzari Y
Published: December 2024

Increased waste production has always been a problem for every city in Indonesia, including in Pangkalpinang. Population growth, inadequate processing, and utilization of waste are the primary causes of this issue. An alternative to reduce waste piles is to convert waste to fuel for waste power plants. To find out how much electrical energy potential in landfills and the feasibility of a waste power plant, an analysis is needed by calculating using existing formulas, forecasting with geometric methods, and investment assessment with NPV, IRR, and also the payback period. The calculation showed that the potential for electrical energy for 2013 was 6,661,924 kWh, while during the 2022 period was 13,161,362 kWh per year. The results of the forecasted waste potential for 2023 until 2033 increased the generated electricity. In 2023, the produced energy was 16,553,678 kWh/year. While in 2033, the amount of energy produced will be 21,190,137 kWh/year. Purchasing electricity from a waste power after being traded shows a sizable income. The construction of this waste power plant meets the feasibility considering the investment assessment made with a purchase price of electricity of more than IDR 1,600 per kWh.
Save food movement as a food waste mitigation scheme in the context of achieving SDGs and energy conservation in Riau province
Authors: Nizmi Y E , Hasibuan A I R S , Wahyudi H , Yulia R , Takwa T K
Published: December 2024

This study analyzes the critical role of the Save Food Movement in preventing food waste and promoting energy conservation in Riau Province, Indonesia. Food waste is a significant global issue that directly impacts the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly those focused on responsible production and consumption. These practices are essential for energy conservation and ensuring food availability for future generations. The increasing attention to food waste in Indonesia, especially in Riau—one of fifteen provinces participating in the Save Food Movement initiated by the National Development Planning Agency (Bappenas)—highlights this commitment. This research employs qualitative methods, including interviews and document analysis of journals, reports, media coverage, official websites, and other sources. The findings reveal that the Save Food Movement in Riau Province fosters collaboration among various entities, including the National Amil Zakat Agency (Baznas), which established a Food Bank, and the Provincial Food and Horticulture Agency, appointed by Bappenas as the movement’s primary driver. Additionally, universities engage with local communities, acting as educational partners to mitigate food waste and promote energy conservation.
3D printed PCL-nHAp composite implants for the treatment of segmental bone defects: in vivo application in a rabbit model
Authors: Basoz D , Karaman M I , Buyuksungur S , Yucel D , Hasirci N , Kocaoglu B , Hasirci V
Published: December 2024

The management and treatment of long bone defects are challenging clinical problems. In this study, in order to address the need for load bearing implants for segmental defects, 3D printed cylindrical implants of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) composites were prepared and applied as lateral segments to the femurs of New Zealand white rabbits. The results of PCL-nHAp implant group obtained 6 weeks after the procedure were compared with those of the autografts. There was no significant difference between the yield and ultimate loads of autograft group and the implant group. Histological studies demonstrated similar new bone formation in both groups. Also, a sizeable callus formation around the autografts and bone ingrowth to the 3D printed implants were observed, and x-ray studies confirmed the formation of the callus. An increase was detected in the bone density around the defect site for both test groups. SEM revealed close interaction between the newly formed bone tissue and the struts of the 3D printed implant. mRUST values, which is an indicator of tissue healing, increased continuously during 6 weeks. In conclusion, 3D printed, 1.5 cm long cylindrical nHAp-PCL implants exhibited excellent bone healing and biomechanical stability in the large lateral segmental bone defects of the rabbits even in a relatively short implantation time as 6 weeks. We believe that these implants could serve as an alternative to autografts in the treatment of long bone defects.
Stratospheric injection of solid particles reduces side effects on circulation and climate compared to SO2 injections
Authors: Stefanetti Fabrice , Vattioni Sandro , Dykema John A , Chiodo Gabriel , Sedlacek Jan , Keutsch Frank N , Sukhodolov Timofei
Published: December 2024

Most research of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) for solar radiation modification has focused on injection of SO2. However, the resulting sulfuric acid aerosols lead to considerable absorption of terrestrial infrared radiation, resulting in stratospheric warming and reduced cooling efficiency. Recent research suggests that solid particles, such as alumina, calcite or diamond, could minimize these side effects. Here we use, for the first time, the atmosphere–ocean–aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOLv4.0, incorporating a solid particle scheme, to assess the climatic impacts of SAI by these injection materials. For each substance, we model tropical SAI by means of constant yearly injection of solid particles, aimed to offset the warming induced by a high-GHG emission scenario over the 2020–2100 period by 1 K. We show that solid particles are more effective than sulfur at minimising stratospheric heating, and the resulting side-effects on the general atmospheric circulation, stratospheric moistening, and tropopause height change. As a result, solid particles also induce less residual warming over the arctic, resulting in greater reduction of GHG-induced polar amplification compared to sulfuric acid aerosols. Among the materials studied here, diamond is most efficient in reducing global warming per unit injection, while also minimizing side effects.
Introduction to Data-Acquisition Device Features
Authors: Essick John
Published: December 2024

This chapter assumes that readers have access to a multifunction data-acquisition (DAQ) device from either NI (formerly, National Instruments) or Measurement Computing Corporation (MCC). Both NI and MCC are manufacturers of popular, high-quality DAQ devices, where MCC devices are the lower priced option with (satisfactorily) scaled-down specifications. Using the interactive program appropriate for their device (MAX for NI, DAQami for MCC), readers familiarize themselves with the capabilities of a multifunction DAQ device, including analog-to-digital conversion, digital-to-analog conversion, digital input/output operations, and digital pulse counting. In the course of this work, explanations are given of the following important digitized data concepts: analog input modes, range, resolution, sampling frequency, aliasing, digital input/output levels, and digital triggering. The NI USB-6002 and MCC USB-202 DAQ devices are highlighted, but the programs developed apply to most other NI and MCC multifunction DAQ multifunction devices. In a Do It Yourself project, readers create a millisecond-resolution stopwatch and a Use It! example investigates how to synchronize the repeated digital acquisition of a periodic waveform via digital triggering.
Data Files and Character Strings
Authors: Essick John
Published: December 2024

Readers learn how to use the NumPy library’s file I/O functions to store data in, and read data from, computer files. The commonly used comma-separated values (CSV) spreadsheet format is described and then readers create NumPy-based programs that store and read data in one- and two-dimensional CSV-formatted files. Numeric formatting, escape sequences, and the Unicode character coding scheme are covered. In the Do It Yourself project, readers learn the NumPy-based method for storing and reading data in binary-formatted files, while the Use It! example explores how to store streaming data as it is acquired during runtime in order to prevent data loss in the event of a program crash.
History of the Web
Authors: Panchekha Pavel , Harrelson Chris
Published: December 2024

This chapter dives into the history of the web itself: where it came from, and how the web and browsers have evolved to date. This history is not exhaustive;1 the focus is the key events and ideas that led to the web, and the goals and motivations of its inventors.
Constructing an HTML Tree
Authors: Panchekha Pavel , Harrelson Chris
Published: December 2024

So far, our browser sees web pages as a stream of open tags, close tags, and text. But HTML is actually a tree, and though the tree structure hasn’t been important yet, it will be central to later features like CSS, JavaScript, and visual effects. So this chapter adds a proper HTML parser and converts the layout engine to use it.
Running Interactive Scripts
Authors: Panchekha Pavel , Harrelson Chris
Published: December 2024

The first web applications were like the previous chapter’s guest book, with the server generating new web pages for every user action. But in the early 2000s, JavaScript-enhanced web applications, which can update pages dynamically and respond immediately to user actions, took their place. Let’s add support for this key web technology to our browser.
Glossary
Authors: Panchekha Pavel , Harrelson Chris
Published: December 2024

Web browsers can be quite confusing to understand, especially once you consider the breadth of all their features. As with all software engineering—indeed, all complex subjects—the best way to avoid confusion is to use consistent and clear names.
More Resources
Authors: Panchekha Pavel , Harrelson Chris
Published: December 2024

A Brief History of JavaScript [1] Sebastian Peyrott
The Predicting Value of Existing Models for Idiopathic Hyperaldosteronism in Chinese Population
Authors: Bai Ying , Shen Hang , Song Ying , Feng Zhengping , Du Zhipeng , Hu Jingbo , Yang Shumin , Li Qifu
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the predicting value of existing models for idiopathic hyperaldosteronism (IHA) in the Chinese population.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, 387 patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from January 2013 to March 2021 were evaluated. Briefly, 275 patients with unilateral PA and 112 with IHA were included. Patients with PA were subtyped according to adrenal venous sampling or postoperative remission situation. Based on the subtype, the diagnostic value of 7 IHA prediction models was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and sensitivity and specificity analysis.

RESULTS

Among the 7 IHA prediction models, the Kobayashi2018 score and Xiao model were verified to have high diagnostic efficiency, with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.88 and 0.92, respectively. The AUC of the other 5 models ranged from 0.51 to 0.80. The recommended cutoffs of the model were further verified. Kobayashi2018 score (≥8 points) and Umakoshi model (normal serum K+ with negative adrenal computed tomography) were found to have relatively high sensitivity (38% and 36%, respectively) when high specificity (≥95%) was achieved.

CONCLUSION

Considering simplicity, feasibility, generalizability, and accuracy, the Kobayashi2018 score or Umakoshi model is recommended to predict IHA in the Chinese population.
An efficient joint model for high dimensional longitudinal and survival data via generic association features
Authors: Nguyen Van Tuan , Fermanian Adeline , Barbieri Antoine , Zohar Sarah , Jannot Anne-Sophie , Bussy Simon , Guilloux Agathe
Published: December 2024

This paper introduces a prognostic method called FLASH that addresses the problem of joint modeling of longitudinal data and censored durations when a large number of both longitudinal and time-independent features are available. In the literature, standard joint models are either of the shared random effect or joint latent class type. Combining ideas from both worlds and using appropriate regularization techniques, we define a new model with the ability to automatically identify significant prognostic longitudinal features in a high-dimensional context, which is of increasing importance in many areas such as personalized medicine or churn prediction. We develop an estimation methodology based on the expectation–maximization algorithm and provide an efficient implementation. The statistical performance of the method is demonstrated both in extensive Monte Carlo simulation studies and on publicly available medical datasets. Our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art joint models in terms of C-index in a so-called “real-time” prediction setting, with a computational speed that is orders of magnitude faster than competing methods. In addition, our model automatically identifies significant features that are relevant from a practical point of view, making it interpretable, which is of the greatest importance for a prognostic algorithm in healthcare.