bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histomorphometric Analysis of Differential Regional Bone Regeneration Induced by Distinct Doped Membranes
Authors: Toledano Manuel , Vallecillo Cristina , Gutierrez-Corrales Aida , Torres-Lagares Daniel , Toledano-Osorio Manuel , Serrera-Figallo María-Angeles
Published: May 2022

Our objective is to evaluate the regional regenerative potential of calvarial bone in critical-sized defects in a rabbit model using novel nanostructured silica-loaded membranes doped with zinc or doxycycline. Nanostructured membranes of (MMA)1-co-(HEMA)1/(MA)3-co-(HEA)2 loaded with 5 wt% of SiO2 nanoparticles (HOOC-Si-Membranes) were doped with zinc (Zn-HOOC-Si-Membrane) or doxycycline (Dox-HOOC-Si-Membrane). Critical bone defects were created on six New-Zealand-breed rabbit skulls and covered with the membranes. A sham defect without a membrane was used as the control. After six weeks, a histological analysis (toluidine blue technique) was employed to determine the area percentages of newly formed bone, osteoid bone, and soft tissue. The measurements were performed by dividing the total defect area into top (close to the membrane) and bottom (close to the dura mater) regions, or peripheral (adjacent to the old bone) and central (the sum of the remaining zones) regions. The peripheral regions of the defects showed higher osteogenic capacity than the central areas when the membranes were present. The proportion of new bone adjacent to the dura was similar to that adjacent to the membrane only when the HOOC-Si-Membranes and Zn-HOOC-Si-Membranes were used, indicating a direct osteoinductive effect of the membranes.
Study on a Hydrogel for Adsorption of Chloride Ions in Cementitious Materials
Authors: Cao Meng , Wu Lili , Zhang Guixia , Yang Ying , Chen Wei , Li Qiu , Tang Pei , Chen Wanyu
Published: May 2022

Chloride ions in the seaside environment can corrode the steel reinforcement in concrete, which greatly endangers the safety of seaside structures. As an excellent adsorption material, hydrogel is widely used in the field of water treatment but is rarely used in cementitious materials. In this study, a polyacrylamide–chitosan hydrogel (PAMC) was prepared with N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as the cross-linking agent and acrylamide as the monomer. The prepared PAMC gel could effectively adsorb chloride ions in simulated seawater and simulated sea sand environments, and the maximum adsorption capacity of chloride ions by PAMC-1 (prepared from 2.5 g acrylamide and 1% content of N,N-methylenebisacrylamide relative to acrylamide) gels in simulated seawater was 55.53 mg/g. The adsorption behavior of the PAMC gels in solution fit the Langmuir isotherm model. The composition and morphology of the PAMC gel were characterized, and the responsiveness of the PAMC gel to the environment was studied. The results showed that the PAMC gels adsorbed better in alkaline environments and thus could be used in alkaline cement-based environments. The mortar sample containing the PAMC-1 gel had higher resistance to chloride ion penetration, and the chloride ion content at 7.5–10mm from the surface of the sample cured for 28 days was reduced by 41.4% compared to the samples without the gel.
Major and Minor Contributions to X-ray Characteristic Lines in the Framework of the Boltzmann Transport Equation
Authors: Fernandez Jorge E. , Teodori Francesco
Published: May 2022

The emission of characteristic lines after X-ray excitation is usually explained as the consequence of two independent and consecutive physical processes: the photoelectric ionization produced by incoming photons and the successive spontaneous atomic relaxation. However, the photoelectric effect is not the only ionization mechanism driven by incoming photons. It has been recently shown that Compton ionization is another possible process that contributes not negligibly to the ionization of the L and M shells. In addition, the secondary electrons from these two interactions, photoelectric and Compton, are also able to ionize the atom by means of so-called impact ionization. Such a contribution has been recently described, showing that it can be relevant in cases of monochromatic excitation for certain lines and elements. A third mechanism of line modification is the so-called self-enhancement produced by absorption of the tail of Lorentzian distribution of the characteristic line, which mainly modifies the shape of the lines but also produces an intensity increase. The four effects contribute to the formation of the characteristic line and must be considered to obtain a precise picture in terms of the shell and the element. This work furnishes a review of these contributions and their formal theoretical descriptions. It gives a complete picture of the photon kernel, describing the emission of characteristic X-rays comprising the main photoelectric contribution and the three effects of lower extent. All four contributions to the characteristic X-ray line must be followed along successive photon interactions to describe multiple scattering using the Boltzmann transport equation for photons.
Elephant Herding Optimization for Energy-Based Localization
Authors: Correia Sérgio D. , Beko Marko , Da Silva Cruz Luis A. , Tomic Slavisa
Published: May 2022

This work addresses the energy-based source localization problem in wireless sensors networks. Instead of circumventing the maximum likelihood (ML) problem by applying convex relaxations and approximations, we approach it directly by the use of metaheuristics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that metaheuristics are applied to this type of problem. More specifically, an elephant herding optimization (EHO) algorithm is applied. Through extensive simulations, the key parameters of the EHO algorithm are optimized such that they match the energy decay model between two sensor nodes. A detailed analysis of the computational complexity is presented, as well as a performance comparison between the proposed algorithm and existing non-metaheuristic ones. Simulation results show that the new approach significantly outperforms existing solutions in noisy environments, encouraging further improvement and testing of metaheuristic methods.
Composed Multicore Fiber Structure for Extended Sensor Multiplexing with Fiber Bragg Gratings
Authors: Idrisov Ravil , Lorenz Adrian , Rothhardt Manfred , Bartelt Hartmut
Published: May 2022

A novel multicore optical waveguide component based on a fiber design optimized towards selective grating inscription for multiplexed sensing applications is presented. Such a fiber design enables the increase in the optical sensor capacity as well as extending the sensing length with a single optical fiber while preserving the spatial sensing resolution. The method uses a multicore fiber with differently doped fiber cores and, therefore, enables a selective grating inscription. The concept can be applied in a draw tower inscription process for an efficient production of sensing networks. Along with the general concept, the paper discusses the specific preparation of the fiber-based sensing component and provides experimental results showing the feasibility of such a sensing system.
A Novel Binary Hybrid PSO-EO Algorithm for Cryptanalysis of Internal State of RC4 Cipher
Authors: Rizk-Allah Rizk M. , Abdulkader Hatem , Elatif Samah S. Abd , Elkilani Wail S. , Al Maghayreh Eslam , Dhahri Habib , Mahmood Awais
Published: May 2022

Cryptography protects privacy and confidentiality. So, it is necessary to guarantee that the ciphers used are secure and cryptanalysis-resistant. In this paper, a new state recovery attack against the RC4 stream cipher is revealed. A plaintext attack is used in which the attacker has both the plaintext and the ciphertext, so they can calculate the keystream and reveal the cipher’s internal state. To increase the quality of answers to practical and recent real-world global optimization difficulties, researchers are increasingly combining two or more variations. PSO and EO are combined in a hybrid PSOEO in an uncertain environment. We may also convert this method to its binary form to cryptanalyze the internal state of the RC4 cipher. When solving the cryptanalysis issue with HBPSOEO, we discover that it is more accurate and quicker than utilizing both PSO and EO independently. Experiments reveal that our proposed fitness function, in combination with HBPSOEO, requires checking 104 possible internal states; however, brute force attacks require checking 2128 states.
Diagnostic-Quality Guided Wave Signals Synthesized Using Generative Adversarial Neural Networks
Authors: Heesch Mateusz , Dziendzikowski Michał , Mendrok Krzysztof , Dworakowski Ziemowit
Published: May 2022

Guided waves are a potent tool in structural health monitoring, with promising machine learning algorithm applications due to the complexity of their signals. However, these algorithms usually require copious amounts of data to be trained. Collecting the correct amount and distribution of data is costly and time-consuming, and sometimes even borderline impossible due to the necessity of introducing damage to vital machinery to collect signals for various damaged scenarios. This data scarcity problem is not unique to guided waves or structural health monitoring, and has been partly addressed in the field of computer vision using generative adversarial neural networks. These networks generate synthetic data samples based on the distribution of the data they were trained on. Though there are multiple researched methods for simulating guided wave signals, the problem is not yet solved. This work presents a generative adversarial network architecture for guided waves generation and showcases its capabilities when working with a series of pitch-catch experiments from the OpenGuidedWaves database. The network correctly generates random signals and can accurately reconstruct signals it has not seen during training. The potential of synthetic data to be used for training other algorithms was confirmed in a simple damage detection scenario, with the classifiers trained exclusively on synthetic data and evaluated on real signals. As a side effect of the signal reconstruction process, the network can also compress the signals by 98.44% while retaining the damage index information they carry.
Computation Offloading in UAV-Enabled Edge Computing: A Stackelberg Game Approach
Authors: Yuan Xinwang , Xie Zhidong , Tan Xin
Published: May 2022

This paper studies an efficient computing resource offloading mechanism for UAV-enabled edge computing. According to the interests of three different roles: base station, UAV, and user, we comprehensively consider the factors such as time delay, operation, and transmission energy consumption in a multi-layer game to improve the overall system performance. Firstly, we construct a Stackelberg multi-layer game model to get the appropriate resource pricing and computing offload allocation strategies through iterations. Base stations and UAVs are the leaders, and users are the followers. Then, we analyze the equilibrium states of the Stackelberg game and prove that the equilibrium state of the game exists and is unique. Finally, the algorithm’s feasibility is verified by simulation, and compared with the benchmark strategy, the Stackelberg game algorithm (SGA) has certain superiority and robustness.
Rotating behind Security: A Lightweight Authentication Protocol Based on IoT-Enabled Cloud Computing Environments
Authors: Wu Tsu-Yang , Meng Qian , Kumari Saru , Zhang Peng
Published: May 2022

With the rapid development of technology based on the Internet of Things (IoT), numerous IoT devices are being used on a daily basis. The rise in cloud computing plays a crucial role in solving the resource constraints of IoT devices and in promoting resource sharing, whereby users can access IoT services provided in various environments. However, this complex and open wireless network environment poses security and privacy challenges. Therefore, designing a secure authentication protocol is crucial to protecting user privacy in IoT services. In this paper, a lightweight authentication protocol was designed for IoT-enabled cloud computing environments. A real or random model, and the automatic verification tool ProVerif were used to conduct a formal security analysis. Its security was further proved through an informal analysis. Finally, through security and performance comparisons, our protocol was confirmed to be relatively secure and to display a good performance.
A Deep Learning Approach for Gait Event Detection from a Single Shank-Worn IMU: Validation in Healthy and Neurological Cohorts
Authors: Romijnders Robbin , Warmerdam Elke , Hansen Clint , Schmidt Gerhard , Maetzler Walter
Published: May 2022

Many algorithms use 3D accelerometer and/or gyroscope data from inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors to detect gait events (i.e., initial and final foot contact). However, these algorithms often require knowledge about sensor orientation and use empirically derived thresholds. As alignment cannot always be controlled for in ambulatory assessments, methods are needed that require little knowledge on sensor location and orientation, e.g., a convolutional neural network-based deep learning model. Therefore, 157 participants from healthy and neurologically diseased cohorts walked 5 m distances at slow, preferred, and fast walking speed, while data were collected from IMUs on the left and right ankle and shank. Gait events were detected and stride parameters were extracted using a deep learning model and an optoelectronic motion capture (OMC) system for reference. The deep learning model consisted of convolutional layers using dilated convolutions, followed by two independent fully connected layers to predict whether a time step corresponded to the event of initial contact (IC) or final contact (FC), respectively. Results showed a high detection rate for both initial and final contacts across sensor locations (recall ≥92%, precision ≥97%). Time agreement was excellent as witnessed from the median time error (0.005 s) and corresponding inter-quartile range (0.020 s). The extracted stride-specific parameters were in good agreement with parameters derived from the OMC system (maximum mean difference 0.003 s and corresponding maximum limits of agreement (−0.049 s, 0.051 s) for a 95% confidence level). Thus, the deep learning approach was considered a valid approach for detecting gait events and extracting stride-specific parameters with little knowledge on exact IMU location and orientation in conditions with and without walking pathologies due to neurological diseases.
A Wavelet Packet Transform and Convolutional Neural Network Method Based Ultrasonic Detection Signals Recognition of Concrete
Authors: Zhao Jinhui , Hu Tianyu , Zhang Qichun
Published: May 2022

This paper proposes a new intelligent recognition method for concrete ultrasonic detection based on wavelet packet transform and a convolutional neural network (CNN). To validate the proposed data-based method, a case study is presented where the K-fold cross-validation was adopted to produce the performance analysis and classification experiments. Moreover, three evaluation indicators, precision, recall, and F-score, are calculated for analyzing the classification performance of the trained models. As a result, the obtained four-classifying CNN reaches more than 99% detection accuracy while the lowest recognition accuracy is not less than 92.5% on the testing dataset for the six-classifying CNN model. Compared with the existing stochastic configuration network (SCN) models, the presented method achieves the design objective with better recognition performance. The calculation results of the six-classifying and five-classifying models and related research clearly indicate the remaining challenging tasks for intelligent recognition algorithms in extracting features and classifying mass data from various concrete defects precisely and efficiently.
“Singing” Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors and Mitigation Methods—A Review
Authors: Covaci Corina , Gontean Aurel
Published: May 2022

Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors (MLCC) have a major role in modern electronic devices due to their small price and size, large range of capacitance, small ESL and ESR, and good frequency response. Unfortunately, the main dielectric material used for MLCCs, Barium Titanate, makes the capacitors vibrate due to the piezoelectric and electrostrictive effects. This vibration is transferred to the PCB, making it resonate in the audible range of 20 Hz–20 kHz, and in this way the singing capacitors phenomenon occurs. This phenomenon is usually measured with a microphone, to measure the sound pressure level, or with a Laser Doppler Vibrometer (LDV), to measure the vibration. Besides this, other methods are mentioned in the literature, for example, the optical fiber and the active excitation method. There are several solutions to attenuate or even eliminate the acoustic noise caused by MLCC. Specially designed capacitors for low acoustic levels and different layout geometries are only two options found in the literature. To prevent the singing capacitor phenomenon, different simulations can be performed, the harmonic analysis being the most popular technique. This paper is an up-to-date review of the acoustic noise caused by MLCCs in electronic devices, containing measurements methodologies, solutions, and simulation methods.
Ultraviolet Response in Coplanar Silicon Avalanche Photodiodes with CMOS Compatibility
Authors: Liu Qiaoli , Xu Li , Jin Yuxin , Zhang Shifeng , Wang Yitong , Hu Anqi , Guo Xia
Published: May 2022

Highly sensitive ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors are highly desired for industrial and scientific applications. However, the responsivity of silicon photodiodes in the UV wavelength band is relatively low due to high-density Si/SiO2 interface states. In this paper, a coplanar avalanche photodiode (APD) was developed with a virtual guard ring design. When working in Geiger mode, it exhibited a strong UV response. The responsivity of 4 × 103 A/W (corresponding to a gain of 8 × 106) at 261 nm is measured under the incident power of 0.6 μW with an excess bias of 1.5 V. To the best of our knowledge, the maximum 3-dB bandwidth of 1.4 GHz is the first report ever for a Si APD when working in the Geiger mode in spite of the absence of an integrated CMOS read-out circuit.
Quality and In Vivo Assessment of a Fulvic Acid Complex: A Validation Study
Authors: Khan Rahmuddin , Jain Pooja , Zakir Foziyah , Aqil Mohd , Alshehri Sameer , Mirza Mohd Aamir , Iqbal Zeenat
Published: May 2022

The present work aimed to re-assess the bioavailability enhancement potential of fulvic acid (FA). Carbamazepine (CBZ) and peat were used as a model drug and FA source, respectively. Our group has already evaluated the bioavailability enhancement potential of a less commercially viable source of FA, i.e., shilajit. In the present work, the phase solubility of CBZ was analyzed with varying concentrations of peat-sourced FA (2–12% w/v). The prepared complex (CBZ-FA) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Dissolution, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic studies were also carried out. The results showed the presence of an interaction between the drug and FA within the complex, which led to 98.99 ± 2.0% enhancement in drug solubility. The results also showed 79.23 ± 2.1% dissolution of the complexed drug over 60 min and 69.32 ± 2.2% permeation from the intestinal gut sac over 90 min, which led to a significant enhancement of bioavailability and a reduction in the duration of epileptic seizures. Thus, this study re-authenticates our earlier results and suggests switching the FA source (shilajit to peat) for commercial product development.
Quality by Design: A Suitable Methodology in Industrial Pharmacy for Costa Rican Universities
Authors: Castillo-Henríquez Luis , Murillo-Castillo Brayan , Chaves-Siles Lexi , Mora-Román Juan José , Ramírez-Arguedas Nils , Hernández-Mora Édgar , Vega-Baudrit José
Published: May 2022

This review aims to present the Quality by Design (QbD) model as a suitable methodology to perform research in the academic Costa Rican institutions that teach Pharmacy. Pubmed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were screened for original research papers and review papers published not more than ten years ago. Institutional repositories from the different universities were reviewed as well. The QbD model stands out as a great methodology for carrying out research projects regarding Pharmaceutical Sciences, but especially for Industrial Pharmacy, where it has contributed in terms of formulation development, manufacturing, and quality control. Academic research based on this model enables the training and development of practical, scientific, and leadership skills in Industrial Pharmacy students. The generated knowledge can be shared in classrooms, which represents an ideal environment to communicate research results and to foster collaborative work between researchers, professors, and students. Moreover, research performed through a QbD approach increases the confidence shown by the industrial sector and health regulatory authorities in the quality of the research, products, and knowledge that are developed and created in an Academy. As a result, the implementation of the model has allowed the creation, transfer, and materialization of knowledge from the Costa Rican Academy to different local pharmaceutical industries.
Using Python for the Simulation of a Closed-Loop PI Controller for a Buck Converter
Authors: Amaral Acacio M. R. , Cardoso Antonio J. Marques
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a Python-based simulation technique that can be used to predict the behavior of switch-mode non-isolated (SMNI) DC-DC converters operating in closed loop. The proposed technique can be implemented in an open-source numerical computation software, such as Scilab, Octave or Python, which makes it versatile and portable. The software that will be used to implement the proposed technique is Python, since it is an open-source programming language, unlike MATLAB, which is one of most-used programming and numeric computing platforms to simulate this type of system. The proposed technique requires the discretization of the equations that govern the open-loop operation of the converter, as well as the discretization of the transfer function of the controller. To simplify the implementation of the simulation technique, the code must be subdivided into different modules, which together form a package. The converter under analysis will be a buck converter operating in CCM. The proposed technique can be extended to any other SMNI DC-DC converter. The validation of the proposed technique will be carried out by comparing it with the results obtained in LTspice.
Predicting Student Outcomes in Online Courses Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Review
Authors: Alhothali Areej , Albsisi Maram , Assalahi Hussein , Aldosemani Tahani
Published: May 2022

Recent years have witnessed an increased interest in online education, both massive open online courses (MOOCs) and small private online courses (SPOCs). This significant interest in online education has raised many challenges related to student engagement, performance, and retention assessments. With the increased demands and challenges in online education, several researchers have investigated ways to predict student outcomes, such as performance and dropout in online courses. This paper presents a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art studies that examine online learners’ data to predict their outcomes using machine and deep learning techniques. The contribution of this study is to identify and categorize the features of online courses used for learners’ outcome prediction, determine the prediction outputs, determine the strategies and feature extraction methodologies used to predict the outcomes, describe the metrics used for evaluation, provide a taxonomy to analyze related studies, and provide a summary of the challenges and limitations in the field.
Enhanced Cd Phytoextraction by Solanum nigrum L. from Contaminated Soils Combined with the Application of N Fertilizers and Double Harvests
Authors: Yang Wei , Dai Huiping , Skuza Lidia , Wei Shuhe
Published: May 2022

It is very important to increase phytoremediation efficiency in practice in suitable climatic conditions for plant growth through multiple harvests. Solanum nigrum L. is a Cd hyperaccumulator. In the present experiment, after applying different types of N fertilizers (NH4HCO3, NH4Cl, (NH4)2SO4, CH4N2O), root and shoot biomasses and Cd phytoextraction efficiency of S. nigrum effectively improved (p < 0.05). Shoot biomasses of S. nigrum harvested at the first florescence stage plus the amounts at the second florescence stage were higher than those harvested at the maturation stage, which indicates that S. nigrum Cd phytoaccumulation efficiency was higher in the former compared to the latter as there was no clear change in Cd concentration (p < 0.05). The pH value and extractable Cd contents showed no changes, regardless of whether N fertilizer was added or not at different growth stages. In addition, after N fertilizer was applied, H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in S. nigrum in vivo were lower compared to those that had not received N addition (CK); similarly, the concentration of proline was decreased as well (p < 0.05). The activity of the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT), harvested at different growth periods after four types of N fertilizer applications, obviously decreased in S. nigrum shoots, while peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase) (SOD) activities increased (p < 0.05). Our study demonstrated that (NH4)2SO4 treatment exerted the most positive effect and CH4N2O the second most positive effect on S. nigrum Cd phytoremediation efficiency in double harvests at florescence stages, and the growth conditions were better than others.
Inactivated Whole Virus Particle Influenza Vaccine Induces Anti-Neuraminidase Antibodies That May Contribute to Cross-Protection against Heterologous Virus Infection
Authors: Handabile Chimuka , Sekiya Toshiki , Nomura Naoki , Ohno Marumi , Kawakita Tomomi , Shingai Masashi , Kida Hiroshi
Published: May 2022

Despite the use of vaccines, seasonal influenza remains a risk to public health. We previously proposed the inactivated whole virus particle vaccine (WPV) as an alternative to the widely used split vaccine (SV) for the control of seasonal and pandemic influenza based on the superior priming potency of WPV to that of SV. In this study, we further examined and compared the immunological potency of monovalent WPV and SV of A/California/7/2009 (X-179A) (H1N1) pdm09 (CA/09) to generate immune responses against heterologous viruses, A/Singapore/GP1908/2015 (IVR-180) (H1N1) pdm09 (SG/15), and A/duck/Hokkaido/Vac-3/2007 (H5N1) (DH/07) in mice. Following challenge with a lethal dose of heterologous SG/15, lower virus titer in the lungs and milder weight loss were observed in WPV-vaccinated mice than in SV-vaccinated ones. To investigate the factors responsible for the differences in the protective effect against SG/15, the sera of vaccinated mice were analyzed by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) and neuraminidase-inhibition (NI) assays to evaluate the antibodies induced against viral hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), respectively. While the two vaccines induced similar levels of HI antibodies against SG/15 after the second vaccination, only WPV-vaccinated mice induced significantly higher titers of NI antibodies against the strain. Furthermore, given the significant elevation of NI antibody titers against DH/07, an H5N1 avian influenza virus, WPV was also demonstrated to induce NA-inhibiting antibodies that recognize NA of divergent strains. This could be explained by the higher conservation of epitopes of NA among strains than for HA. Taking these findings together, NA-specific antibodies induced by WPV may have contributed to better protection from infection with heterologous influenza virus SG/15, compared with SV. The present results indicate that WPV is an effective vaccine for inducing antibodies against both HA and NA of heterologous viruses and may be a useful vaccine to conquer vaccine strain mismatch.
Exploring a Climate Gradient of Midwestern USA Agricultural Landscape Runoff Using Deuterium (δD) and Oxygen-18 (δ18O)
Authors: Zhang Lu , Magner Joe , Strock Jeffrey
Published: May 2022

Intensive agricultural activities have altered the hydrology of many Midwestern USA landscapes. Drain tiles (subsurface corrugated and perforated flexible tubing) has changed how and when water is discharged into the streams. Stable isotopes of oxygen (oxygen-18) and hydrogen (deuterium) were used to investigate hydrologic characteristics of three intensively managed agricultural landscapes in southern Minnesota (MN) and South Dakota (SD). Monthly δD and δ18O samples were collected across a climatic gradient from March 2016 to March 2018. Local meteoric water lines were established for the comparison of precipitation and evaporation magnitude from different sources at each location. These included vadose zone, phreatic zone, deep groundwater, tile drain, and river source waters. Two end-member hydrograph separation was performed at each site on selected dates to partition the shallow groundwater tile drainage contribution to streamflow. A lumped parameter modeling approach was applied to each dataset to investigate the mean transit time of water through different zones. Local meteoric water lines demonstrated differences in isotopic signatures due to the climate gradient to show the impact of low humidity and less rainfall. The hydrograph separation results showed that, from west South Dakota to eastern Minnesota, tile drains contributed about 49%, 64%, and 50% of the watershed streamflow. Precipitation took an average of 9 months to move through different pathways to end up in groundwater and an average of 4 months to end up in tile drains. This study confirms the important role tile drains play in the intensively managed fields and watersheds of Midwestern agriculture.
Financial relations and financial instruments in the context of digital transformation
Authors:   FSPEI HE Academy of Management of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Dadalko Vasiliy Aleksandrovich , Nikolaevskiy Vladimir Vladimirovich ,   Belarus State Economic University, Nekrasov Andrey Dmitrievich ,   State Unitary Enterprise “Minsksanavtotrans”, Sherstneva Dariya Sergeevna ,   ASB Belarusbank
Published: May 2022

The subject of this article is smart contracts as digital financial instruments and their financial and economic essence, defined as digital instruments for regulating financial relations. The main purpose of the article is to introduce into scientific circulation such a systemic concept as digital financial instruments and mechanisms based on considering their economic, legal and financial essence. The methodological basis for considering the problem of smart contracts is a systematic approach that allows presenting a smart contract from a technological, economic, legal and financial perspective as a set of elements with their specific functions that define its complex concept. The article reveals the nature of financial relations that arise at the time of the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral transactions, and smart contracts are presented as ways of their automatic settlement. The termination of the functioning of a smart contract is a confirmation of the completion of the transaction and the moment of termination of financial relations. The fundamental possibility of using smart contracts in the system of budgetary relations as a tool for settling a multilateral transaction is shown. The authors demonstrate that smart contracts are currently an essential element of a new stage in the development of financial technologies. Smart contracts are presented as a complex and systemic concept as digital ways of settling financial relations arising from the conclusion of bilateral or multilateral transactions. The emerging opportunities of their use in the system of financial relations and the practice of their settlement are only beginning to be realized by specialists in the financial and banking sphere. As an example, the possibility of using smart contracts in the regulation of budgetary relations in general and in increasing the efficiency of the use of budgetary funds in financing sanitary transport services, in particular, is demonstrated.
Gender differences in digital education in IT technologies
Authors:   independent researcher,, Aristova Marina Vadimovna
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes the gender problems in obtaining digital education, which make it difficult for women to work in the field of IT technologies. It is demonstrated that the widespread proliferation of digital technologies in almost all spheres of human activity made people’s lives much easier and facilitated the solution of problems that previously caused great difficulties and required significant time costs. However, the author shows that in practice, the use of IT (Information Technologies) immediately led to the segregation of the population, to its stratification, primarily on the basis of gender, as well as critically analyzes gender stereotypes.
History of Indonesia in the Master's Degree Course of the Department of Foreign History, Political Science and International Relations, Petrozavodsk State University
Authors:   Institute of History, Political and Social Sciences, Petrozavodsk State University, Smirnova Nataliya Vladimirovna , Karpova Anastasiya Igorevna ,   Institute of History, Political and Social Sciences, Petrozavodsk State University
Published: May 2022

The article shows the importance of oriental publications Sulalat-us-salatin: Malay Manuscript of Kruzenshtern and its Cultural and Historical Significance and Travel and Latest Observations in China, Manila and the Indo-China Archipelago for studying the colonial policy of the Netherlands in Indonesia as part of the training course "Politics of European Powers in the Countries of the East in the 16th-early 20th century" of Master's program at the Petrozavodsk State University. The organization of the first Dutch expedition to the East Indies in 1595-1597 and the creation of the United East India Company are analyzed. The materials of the article can be useful in preparation for classes in the field of History.
Ideology, image and social control of the masses
Authors:   Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, Moscow University for the Humanities, Makarevich Eduard Fedorovich , Karpukhin Oleg Ivanovich ,   Institute of Fundamental and Applied Research, Moscow University for the Humanities
Published: May 2022

The authors demonstrate why ideology, as a set of certain views, values, constants, concepts, images, and myths, can be considered a measure, that is, an indicator of the culture of mass communications. According to the authors, the reason is that mass communications carry a certain ideology, which is created by certain communicators and spreads in specific historical conditions for specific social groups and political elites. The article raises the question of why the system of mass communications as a set of education, propaganda, and mass culture, organizing the spiritual space of the Soviet person, failed to build a system of convincing evidence of socialist values in the new political, economic, and social conditions. And the "old" proofs turned into "false consciousness", because at some historical stage they moved away from real life and began to live their own inner, "false" life. Turning to the theory of mass communication, the authors actually answer the questions related to how the media should function in order to create a truthful and socially attractive image of the world. The article contains materials, useful in the fields of training of "Advertising and Public Relations" and "Journalism".
Application of nanotechnology in biology and medicine
Authors:   Urmia University (Urmia University, Iran, Urmia city, Aliabbaszadeh Neda Samed
Published: May 2022

To a large extent, social work is related to the medical service and assistance to people with disabilities. The progress of technology is associated today with nanoscience. The possibilities of nanotechnology in medicine focus on the management and use of physical, chemical and biological processes, nanomaterials and nanoparticles that occur in living organisms at the molecular level. Currently, diagnostics and monitoring based on nanotechnology are used to destroy pathogenic microorganisms, regenerate damaged organs, provide the body with necessary substances, etc. The current level of nanotechnology development makes it possible to produce practically working medical nanorobots, in particular the devices for monitoring blood glucose (prospects for use in diabetics monitoring) and insulin. At the same time, molecular modeling methods have demonstrated the possibility of creating a larger sequence of systems: artificial phagocytes, erythrocytes, etc. While nanobiotechnology efforts have focused on developing new diagnostic methods, new transport systems, and new drugs, nanomedicine has emerged in medical nanorobots, tissue bioengineering nanomaterials, and self-replicating genomes.
Situation with and prevention of the coronavirus infection in Bishkek
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Asanbekov Zhanybek Asanbekovich
Published: May 2022

The article analyzes the situation with the coronavirus infection in the city of Bishkek of the Kyrgyz Republic. At the end of December 2019, in the Chinese city of Wuhan (Hubei province), for the first time, people encountered an unknown virus. Since that time, an unknown virus has swept the whole world. Later, the virus was named COVID-19, and it was rapidly becoming dangerous, which is why new shocking diseases associated with high mortality appear around the world. In addition, various measures were introduced to preserve the life of humankind. Despite this, the situation is periodically aggravated, as in case of the Indian strain Delta. According to the researchers, Delta turned out to be the most infectious of all currently known COVID-19 viruses. Bishkek also suffers from the coronavirus infection, the situation is monitored, and additional preventive measures are regularly introduced to save the citizens’ lives. Recently, vaccination against the coronavirus has been actively carried out.
Integration of a child with special needs into the educational process as a social and pedagogical problem
Authors:   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Bochkarev Ilya Vasilievich , Vinogradova Ekaterina Dmitrievna ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University, Ispulova Svetlana Nikolaevna ,   Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the analysis of factors influencing the integration of children with special needs into the educational process and the relevance of creating a favorable environment in educational organizations. The article considers the legal basis for the organization of the necessary conditions for the integration of a child with special needs, the issue of adaptation, the characteristic features of the impact on the educational process, the features and problems of educational institutions, and the readiness of teachers to implement inclusive education.
FUTURE TEACHER TRAINING TO OVERCOME CHILDREN’S TEMPO-RHYTHMIC SPEECH DISORDERS BY MEANS OF UKRAINIAN FOLK SONGS
Authors: Sulaieva N. , Leshchenko M.
Published: May 2022

The article highlights current aspects of future teacher training in using Ukrainian folk songs while working with preschool and primary school children with tempo-rhythmic speech disorders. Particular attention is paid to the introduction of songs created and performed by adults for children, in particular, lullabies in the educational process.

It is emphasized that mastering the course ‘Musical art in the system of education and upbringing of children with special educational needs’ contributes to students’ competencies development, in particular, in the field of using musical art while working with children with tempo-rhythmic speech disorders.

The article offers examples of the most popular Ukrainian folk children’s songs introduction into the educational process of higher pedagogical educational institutions. It can effectively influence the improvement of preschool and primary school children’s tempo-rhythmic speech disorders.
TECHNOLOGICALLY ENHANCED ONLINE OPPORTUNITIES FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION
Authors: Raluy A.
Published: May 2022

The article deals with T the technologically enhanced online opportunities for language learning in inclusive education.  The author supposes theoretical background of the issue to be processes of globalization and digitalization, and  as the result - learners need to be additionally aware of human rights and to act as cultural agents, contributing to a more peaceful and tolerant cultural existence.

The author stresses, that overall objectives of global education overlap with the goals of an inclusive and diverse education:  being a global citizen means being an advocate of tolerating the individuality of people on different dimensions of cultural exchange. This joined perspective on sameness and difference is crucial to understand the necessity of inclusion and by following the objectives of global education, the EFL classroom can provide learners with the mindset and attitudes to achieve this view on a changing world. He also gives the description of online course, consisting of 6 compulsory modules. The module structure pattern (goals, theoretical background, practice, EFL application, reflection) is given. It is stated, that other teaching resources such a sample units of secondary school materials or teacher guidelines have also been elaborated.
Diagnostic prediction models for CT-confirmed and bacterial rhinosinusitis in primary care: individual participant data meta-analysis
Authors: Takada Toshihiko , Hoogland Jeroen , Hansen Jens G , Lindbaek Morten , Autio Timo , Alho Olli-Pekka , Ebell Mark H , Reitsma Johannes B , Venekamp Roderick P
Published: May 2022

Background

Antibiotics are overused in patients with acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) as it is difficult to identify those who benefit from antibiotic treatment.

Aim

To develop prediction models for computed tomography (CT)-confirmed ARS and culture-confirmed acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) in adults presenting to primary care with symptoms suggestive of ARS.

Design and setting

This was a systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis.

Method

CT-confirmed ARS was defined as the presence of fluid level or total opacification in any maxillary sinuses, whereas culture-confirmed ABRS was defined by culture of fluid from antral puncture. Prediction models were derived using logistic regression modelling.

Results

Among 426 patients from three studies, 140 patients (32.9%) had CT-confirmed ARS. A model consisting of seven variables: previous diagnosis of ARS, preceding upper respiratory tract infection, anosmia, double sickening, purulent nasal discharge on examination, need for antibiotics as judged by a physician, and C-reactive protein (CRP) showed an optimism-corrected c-statistic of 0.73 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.69 to 0.78) and a calibration slope of 0.99 (95% CI = 0.72 to 1.19). Among 225 patients from two studies, 68 patients (30.2%) had culture-confirmed ABRS. A model consisting of three variables: pain in teeth, purulent nasal discharge, and CRP showed an optimism-corrected c-statistic of 0.70 (95% CI = 0.63 to 0.77) and a calibration slope of 1.00 (95% CI = 0.66 to 1.52). Clinical utility analysis showed that both models could be useful to rule out the target condition.

Conclusion

Simple prediction models for CT-confirmed ARS and culture-confirmed ABRS can be useful to safely reduce antibiotic use in adults with ARS in high-prescribing countries.
The Sociolingustics Analysis of Address Terms in English and Enrekang Durinese
Authors: Zainal Nurfitriana , Saleh Noer Jihad , Sahib Harlinah
Published: May 2022

This research is a sociolinguistics study which explore the relationship between language and society. The aims of the research is to identify the kind of address terms used in English and Enrekang Durinese based on daily conversation. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. The Enrekang Durinese data is obtained by Recording and interviewing which is done by Massenrempulu people in Duri, Alla’ Sub-district, Enrekang District. The English data is obtained from English Movie and Series which contain utterance of address terms.The result of the research shows the kind of address terms used in English and Enrekang Durinese in daily conversations. They are: 1) Pronoun (Second Person Pronoun) 2) Kinship Terms and 3) Non-Kinship Terms. The difference from the both languages appeared in Pronoun, Enrekang Durinese has two type of Pronoun, Polite and Polite while In English, there is only one second person pronoun; you. Another difference found in kinship and non-kinship terms. Enrekang Durinese people usually use mockery to address family and relative while using mockery to address family and relative is not found in English Data. Another result found in this research is there are aspects that influence the use of the address terms in English and Enrekang Durinese, they are 1) Sex and Age 2) Situation 3) Social Rank/ Social status.
GREEN LOGISTICS CONSEPT IMPLEMENTATION BY THE EXAMPLE OF KICKSHARING
Authors: Bulatova O. , Panchenko A.
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the problem of pollution from the movement of vehicles and, as a result, the negative impact on the environment. Transport logistics is one of the most significant elements of the economy both at the national and global levels. In green transport logistics, the emphasis is on reducing the negative impact of the transportation process on the environment, minimizing environmental costs. In this article, kicksharing is considered as an element of green logistics, which allows ensuring the mobility of the urban population without harming the environment.
SOLVING THE MAIN TASKS OF THE LAST MILE IN TRANSPORT AND LOGISTICS SYSTEMS
Authors: Bulatova O. , Petrenko Anna
Published: May 2022

The last mile in logistics is the last stage of cargo delivery directly to its recipient. The main problems of the last mile are: the complexity of transporting cargo to the door, inefficient routes and the inability to optimize them due to the location of the customer, unpredictable difficulties during the implementation of transportation and many others. This article highlights the most significant problems of the last mile in logistics and suggests the main ways to solve them.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN INTEGRATED SYSTEM OF MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATION OF ROAD TRAFFIC IN A SINGLE INFORMATION SPACE OF A MODERN CITY
Authors: Busarina A. , Zelikova N. , Busarin E. , Kazachek Mariya , Chernikov E.
Published: May 2022

The issues of increasing the level of organization and traffic safety in a modern city are considered, taking into account the integration of all modern automated traffic control systems into a single intelligent transport system.
Dossier: "La aventura de perder el tiempo: escritura y juego". Presentación
Authors: Biancotto Natalia
Published: May 2022

Presentación del Dossier “La aventura de perder el tiempo: escritura y juego”
¿Es un juego escribir? Bataille, Freud, Ferrater
Authors: Mattoni Silvio
Published: May 2022

El artículo se propone revisar la noción de juego en algunos escritos de Bataille, en relación directa con otros temas capitales de su pensamiento: lo improductivo y la soberanía. La cuestión del juego, además, está ligada a las posibles comparaciones de la creación literaria con la actividad lúdica, como la que planteara Freud en una conferencia, y que puede coincidir parcialmente con las consideraciones de Bataille, aunque también haya divergencias muy significativas al respecto. Por último, un texto literario que trata los juegos en su argumento propondrá una ética no conclusiva de la poesía y sus relaciones con otro tipo de actos.