bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integration of hepatic lipidomics and transcriptomics reveals the effect of butter-derived ruminant trans fatty acids on lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Zhou Zeqiang , Wei Meng , Zhong Jinjing , Deng Yiling , Hou Yanmei , Liu Wenqun , Deng Zeyuan , Li Jing
Published: October 2023

Integration of multi-omics provides a new perspective for exploring the relationship between butter-derived ruminant trans fatty acids and lipid metabolism.
Enantiopure natural deep eutectic solvents for metal–organic framework chiral induction
Authors: Maia Renata A. , Fluck Audrey , Maxim Catalin , Louis Benoît , Baudron Stéphane A.
Published: October 2023

The enantioenrichment of the MIL-103 metal–organic framework using the natural deep eutectic solvents (DES) proline : thymol (1 : 7) and menthol : thymol (1 : 1) in their enantiopure form has been demonstrated by circular dichroism.
pH/hyaluronidase dual responsive nano drug delivery systems for photothermal/chemotherapy combined treatment for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhu Zihan , Zhang Peigang , An Kexin , Zhao Kaihua , Chen Xianghui , Pei Yuheng , Choi Martin M. F. , Wang Ning , Bian Wei
Published: October 2023

A biocompatible multifunctional nanocrystalline drug carrier system (RCDs-HA@AZD) with dual stimulation of pH and hyaluronidase has been developed for chemotherapy/photothermal combination therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).
Lipase-catalyzed one-pot four-component reaction in water: green construction of substituted 2,3-dihydrothiophenes
Authors: Tang Yong , Zhang Kaifu , Xu Yuelin , Ma Jinglin , Xie Hanqing , Zhang Hongquan , Jiang Yanmin , Zhao Rui , Wang Lei
Published: October 2023

A green and efficient method for the construction of functionalized 2,3-dihydrothiophene derivatives in water was reported.
NaCMC-decorated ZnO nanocomposite polymer membranes for the separation of reactive dyes from textile water
Authors: Robin R. , Raja Vinoth Kumar , Kumar R. Sathish , Arthanareeswaran G. , Taweepreda Wirach
Published: October 2023

Nanostructured ZnO/carboxymethyl cellulose nanocomposite-embedded polymer membranes developed for the removal of reactive black 5 (RB5) dye from textile water.
Carbonized polymer dots derived from metformin and l-arginine for tumor cell membrane- and mitochondria-dual targeting therapy
Authors: Chen Manling , Li Yang , Liu Yangcheng , Jia Baohua , Liu Xue , Ma Tianyi
Published: October 2023

We first prepared carbonized polymer dots (MA-dots) from metformin and l-arginine to target the tumor cell membrane and mitochondria for antitumor therapy.
A sequential Friedländer and anionic benzannulation strategy for the regiodefined assembly of unsymmetrical acridines
Authors: Bhatta Suman , Senapati Bidyut Kumar , Patra Sanjib Kumar , Nanda Samik
Published: October 2023

Regiodefined synthesis of unsymmetrical acridines was achieved through sequential double-annulation strategy for the first time.
Oxa-azabenzobenzocyclooctynes (O-ABCs): heterobiarylcyclooctynes bearing an endocyclic heteroatom
Authors: Das Eshani , Feliciano Mark Aldren M. , Yamanushkin Pavel , Lin Xinsong , Gold Brian
Published: October 2023

We report the synthesis of heterobiarylcyclooctynes bearing an endocyclic heteroatom, oxa-azabenzobenzocyclooctynes (O-ABCs).
Molecular orientation dynamics triggers ferroelectricity and ferroelasticity in an organic–inorganic halide material
Authors: Ni Hao-Fei , Lin Jia-He , Wang Chang-Feng , Luo Qing-Feng , Huang Pei-Zhi , Zhang Zhi-Xu , Fu Da-Wei , Zhang Yi
Published: October 2023

Ingenious molecular orientation dynamics achieves ferroelectricity and ferroelassticity in an organic–inorganic halide material with unique 1D corner-sharing lead bromide skeleton.
Mild diazenylation of Csp2–H and Csp3–H bonds via arylazo sulfones
Authors: Zhao Yulei , Li Shuai , Fan Yuhang , Chen Chao , Dong Xiaotong , Wang Ruiqing , Jiang Yuan-Ye
Published: October 2023

A transition-metal-free method to access non-symmetric azo derivatives via cross-couplings of arylazo sulfones with Csp2–H and Csp3–H is reported. The results presented herein shed light on the unconventional utilization of arylazo sulfones.
A design-based research approach to improving pedagogy in the teaching laboratory
Authors: Mundy Christine E. , Potgieter Marietjie , Seery Michael K.
Published: October 2023

The laboratory is a complex environment where the three levels of the chemistry triplet coincide. As the laboratory environment places a large demand on the working memory of students, cognitive load theory can address overload which causes barriers to learning. Breaking down barriers requires iterative phases of analysis/exploration, design/construction and evaluation/reflection over multiple cycles which are the hallmarks of design-based research. In a complex setting, managing change and redressing teaching approaches can be difficult to navigate. Design-based research incorporates iterative phases in which theory informs decision making. This paper uses the context of a laboratory exercise of emission spectra to illustrate how the cognitive load theory can be used in tandem with design-based research to support student learning in the exercise. Using this approach, it was possible to show how barriers to student understanding, including task demands and conceptual demands were supported through proposed approaches focusing on extraneous, intrinsic and ultimately germane cognitive load.
Identification of non-conventional small molecule degraders and stabilizers of squalene synthase
Authors: Hoock Joseph G. F. , Rossetti Cecilia , Bilgin Mesut , Depta Laura , Enemark-Rasmussen Kasper , Christianson John C. , Laraia Luca
Published: October 2023

Small molecule degraders and stabilizers of squalene synthase based on the same scaffold are reported, which respectively accelerate or block its natural degradation.
Evolution of yeast biodiversity and volatile compounds during spontaneous fermentation of ‘Karasakiz’ grapes from different regions over two consecutive vintages
Authors: Çelebi-Uzkuç Nesrin Merve , Ay Mustafa , Kırca-Toklucu Ayşegül
Published: October 2023

Spontaneous fermentation may produce complex and unique wines with geographical designations due to the region-specific yeast flora and variations in must characteristics. The current study focused on the yeast diversity and changes in volatile compounds during the spontaneous fermentation of ‘Karasakız’ grapes from three sub-regions of Çanakkale province, Turkey for two vintages (2019 and 2020). This is the first study on the diversity of autochthonous yeasts during wine fermentation of ‘Karasakız’ variety. In the present work, the strains belong to Hanseniaspora uvarum, Starmerella bacillaris, Pichia terricola, Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Zygoascus hellenicus by PCR-RFLP of the ITS region were identified . A total of 272 isolates were identified as S. cerevisiae. Yeast population and diversity changed related to the sub-region and the vintages. However, H. uvarum and S. bacillaris were common denominators of three regions evaluated. H. uvarum was dominant in the early stages of the fermentation, except for Bozcaada 2019 vintage. Bozcaada region also exhibited higher S. cerevisiae strain diversity compared to other regions. 1-Hexanol and 1-octanol gradually decreased during the fermentation of ‘Karasakız’ grapes, while the concentration of isoamyl alcohol, phenylethyl alcohol and ester compounds increased by the fermentation but with some fluctuation.
Pulsed heterodyne interferometry for nonlinear SOI waveguide characterization
Authors: Sawant Rajath , Ibnoussina Meryem , Colman Pierre , Jager Jean-Baptiste , Charbonnier Benoit , Noe Pierre , Coillet Aurélien , Cluzel Benoit
Published: October 2023

Silicon waveguides are a promising candidate for integrated nonlinear optics applications. Nonlinear coefficients of Silicon on Insulator (SOI) waveguides have been previously measured using techniques such as Z-scan, D-scan, Four Wave Mixing (FWM) and Self-phase modulation. However, they have several drawbacks such as they operate at high power or are cumbersome to setup and require multiple measurements to determine all the coefficients. In this work, we develop a direct and single measurement technique to characterize the nonlinear processes in SOI waveguides. This is achieved by employing a heterodyne interferometric technique to accurately measure minute nonlinear response. The measured nonlinear amplitude and phase shifts are fit to extract third-order nonlinear coefficients of Two-photon absorption, Kerr nonlinear index, Free carrier absorption and Free carrier dispersion. The obtained coefficients for SOI waveguides are close to that found in literature measured using the above-mentioned techniques. The advantages of this method include easy interpretation of the output signal and relatively low power of operation. It is especially advantageous for studying materials such as Phase Change Materials (PCM) in which phase changes occur dynamically. This aspect is quite promising for characterizing emerging materials for integrated photonics applications.
Heterogeneous interconnection of low-loss and dense material platforms using adiabatic tapering coupler
Authors: Li Zizheng , Lopez-Rodriguez Bruno , Sharma Naresh , Esmaeil-Zadeh Iman
Published: October 2023

Recently, we successfully realized amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC) integrated photonics with optical losses as low as 0.78 dB/cm. Moreover, the deposition of a-SiC was done at 150 ℃, which enables successful lift of a-SiC as an additive step to existing photonics circuits. In this work, we present an adiabatic taper coupler which provides bidirectional lossless connection between two integrated photonics platforms: thin-film silicon nitride (Si3N4) and a-SiC. Normalized power transmission of 96.61% is presented, and the coupler enables strong confinement when coupling from weakly confined thin-film device to normal thickness device. By utilizing such a coupler as bridge, switching back and forth between Si3N4 and a-SiC platforms can be easily realized. This allow us to carry out applications including quantum interference and digital Fourier spectroscopy, in which long optical delay lines are constructed on Si3N4 and highly integrated circuits are built on a-SiC.
Photonic Crystal Surface Mode Imaging for Multiplexed Real-Time Detection of Antibodies, Oligonucleotides, and DNA Repair Proteins
Authors: Nifontova Galina , Gerasimovich Evgeniia , Fleury Fabrice , Sukhanova Alyona , Nabiev Igor
Published: October 2023

Sensors based on photonic crystal (PC) surface mode imaging are promising tools for label-free drug screening and discovery, diagnostics, and analysis of ligand–receptor interactions. Imaging of PC surface modes has been demonstrated to allow simultaneous real-time detection of multiple events at the sensor surface. Here, we report the engineering of a lateral-flow microfluidic assay where PC surface mode imaging is used for multiplexed detection of biomolecular targets (antibodies, oligonucleotides, and a DNA repair protein), as well as kinetic data on their interactions obtained without additional labelling or signal amplification. Our data demonstrate the suitability of the biosensing platform designed for ultrasensitive, quick, and low-cost detection and monitoring of interactions between different biomolecules.
Terahertz ATR sheds light on real-time exchange kinetics occurring through plasma membrane during photodynamic therapy
Authors: Lordon B. , Zheng X. , Mingotaud A. F. , Vicendo P. , Brival R. , Fourquaux I. , Gibot L. , Gallot G.
Published: October 2023

THz ATR spectroscopy provides, in a single measurement, the relative number of defects per membrane surface created by oxidative stress generated during photodynamic therapy (PDT), offering early, sensitive real-time information. THz spectroscopy is therefore a complementary technique to established (biological) assays and can be applied to any topic requiring the real-time examination of short-term plasma membrane permeabilization.
2D Chalcogenide Thin Films for Super-Resolved Laser Structuring
Authors: Karimbana-Kandy Arjun , Lumeau Julien , Natoli Jean-Yves , Iliopoulos Konstantinos
Published: October 2023

The saturable absorption behaviour associated with chalcogenide thin films has been investigated and optimized using Z-Scan Technique. Huge saturable absorption responses (of the order of 10^-7 m/W) were observed for the Bismuth Selenide thin films, which depend on material characteristics and the laser parameters. An approach in which the application of the saturable absorber thin films for super-resolved laser inscriptions has been discussed and a theoretical analysis of the super-resolution efficiency of the thin films has been made.
Coherent all-optical steering of upconverted light by a nonlinear metasurface
Authors: Di Francescantonio Agostino , Zilli Attilio , Rocco Davide , Conti Fabrizio , Lemaître Aristide , Biagioni Paolo , Duò Lamberto , De Angelis Costantino , Leo Giuseppe , Finazzi Marco , Celebrano Michele
Published: October 2023

In recent years a strong drive towards the miniaturization of nonlinear optics has been motivated by the functionalities it could empower in integrated devices. Among these, the upconversion of near-infrared photons to the visible and their manipulation is fundamental to downscale optical information. We propose a dual-beam scheme whereby a pulse at the telecom frequency ω (1550 nm wavelength) is mixed with its frequency-doubled replica at 2ω. When the two pump pulses are superimposed on a nonlinear, all-dielectric metasurface two coherent frequency-tripling pathways are excited: third-harmonic generation (THG, ω+ω+ω) and sum-frequency generation (SFG, ω+2ω). Their coherent superposition at 3ω produces interference, which we enable by filtering the k-space with the metasurface diffraction. The steering of the emission among diffraction orders, is sensitive to the relative phase between the two pumps. Therefore, by exploiting the phase as a tuning knob, the upconverted signal can be switched between diffraction orders with an efficiency >90%. The proposed approach can be envisioned as an all-optical method to reroute upconverted telecom photons.
Remote plasmonic-enhanced Raman spectroscopy with the plasmon-molecule coupling in distance over 100 nm
Authors: Minamikawa Takeo , Inoue Sota , Miyamoto Shota , Shiota Akihiro , Yasui Takeshi , Morimoto Yukihiro , Kawasaki Masahiro , Kawasaki Mitsuo
Published: October 2023

We propose remote plasmonic-enhanced Raman scattering (RPERS) spectroscopy for molecular sensing and imaging applications. RPERS requires no contact between analyte molecules and metallic nanostructures, which overcomes the limitations of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). We constructed RPERS substrates consisting of silver nanoislands and columnar silica structures, which demonstrated a 2×107 enhancement in Raman scattering for Rhodamine 6G molecules, even when the metal nanostructures and analyte molecules were over 100 nm apart. The RPERS substrate also exhibited improved reproducibility (<15% RSD), long-term stability (>1 month), and sensitivity (>10 times) compared to conventional SERS substrates. We also confirmed the feasibility of RPERS for biophotonic analysis, i.e., enhancing Raman histological imaging of oesophagus tissues with oesophageal adventitia of a Wistar rat attached atop the columnar silica structure layer. Our demonstration is a promising advancement in the field of enhanced spectroscopy using plasmon and offers a solution to the challenges faced by conventional SERS spectroscopy. It has the potential to pave the way for future developments in remote plasmonic-enhanced spectroscopy.
Internal mechanism of perfect-reflector-backed dielectric gratings to achieve high diffraction efficiency
Authors: Li Lifeng
Published: October 2023

The work started 20 years ago [Appl. Opt. 42, 6255 (2003)] investigating the physical mechanism of multilayer dielectric reflection gratings to achieve 100% diffraction efficiency is extended to offer much deeper insight than before. How different diffraction amplitudes of the top surface corrugation contribute to the −1st-order efficiency of such a grating is shown analytically using a minimum set of real parameters. The two diffraction amplitudes transmitted through the corrugation play a dominant role in enabling DE = 100%. The necessary and sufficient condition for 100% efficiency is derived, and a very simple sufficient condition is also given. Moreover, the role of the reflection phase of the perfect-reflector, including the contribution due to optical path between the corrugation and the reflector, is emphasized.
Determining the response of optical systems in both time and harmonic domains with the singularity expansion method
Authors: Ben Soltane Isam , Colom Rémi , Dierick Félice , Stout Brian , Bonod Nicolas
Published: October 2023

Physical systems are characterized by their transfer operators in the harmonic domain. These operators are usually locally approximated as rational functions or pole expansions. We generalize this result and introduce the Multiple-Order Singularity Expansion Method (MOSEM) which offers an exact description of linear systems in terms of their singularities and Laurent series coefficients or zeros. The interest of this approach is first illustrated by the simple but fundamental case of a dispersive Fabry-Perot cavity, where it provides an analytical expression of the reflected field in both the time and harmonic domains. In a second step, we show that this method must be applied for defining the complex expression of the dielectric permittivity that describes the physical response of a system (the material) to an excitation field. This rigorous expression of the permittivity is shown to provide highly accurate results for a broad range of materials.
Patterning of SiO2 interfaces for radiative cooling applications
Authors: Zhenmin Ding , Jérémy Werlé , Xin Li , Hongbo Xu , Lei Pan , Yao Li , Lorenzo Pattelli
Published: October 2023

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is a prominent material for radiative cooling applications due to its negligible absorption at solar wavelengths (0.25-2.5 µm) and exceptional stability. However, at thermal infrared wavelengths, its bulk phonon-polariton band introduces a strong reflection peak inside the atmospheric transparency window (8-13 µm) which is detrimental to its selective emissivity. Herein, we demonstrate scalable strategies for the patterning of ordered and disordered SiO2 metasurfaces enhancing their thermal emissivity and enabling sub-ambient passive cooling under direct sunlight.
Optical control of hierarchical DNA-functionalized nanoparticle self-assembly on 2D surfaces
Authors: Senel Zeynep , Phul Ruby , Yazıcı Ahmet Faruk , Akrema  , Taze Emirhan , Mutlugün Evren , Erdem Talha
Published: October 2023

We investigated the effect of light on the DNA-driven self-assembly to form hierarchical patterns on two dimensional surfaces. We specifically focused on the self-assembly of DNA-functionalized quantum dots (QDs) onto DNA-functionalized glass substrate while illuminating the surface with a laser during coating process. The region illuminated with a green laser remained uncoated with red-emitting QDs while the not-illuminated region was successfully coated. Next, a red laser whose light cannot be absorbed by the red-emitting QDs did not avoid the DNA-driven self-assembly of the QDs onto glass substrate. Additionally, we demonstrated that silica nanoparticles that had been functionalized with DNA and are not able to absorb the light in the visible regime were again coated on the surface while being exposed to a green laser. These results prove that the absorption of the light is responsible for controlling the binding-unbinding process of QDs. Finally, we added DNA-functionalized green-emitting QDs onto the area that was not coated with red-emitting QDs under the green laser exposure. We observed successful coating of previously uncoated regions with the green QDs. This revealed the viability of our technique for building up hierarchical structures without using, sophisticated, or resource-intensive microfabrication methods.
Exploiting the natural instability in thin and flexible dielectric solid films for sensing and photonic applications – INVITED
Authors: Granchi Nicoletta , Fagiani Luca , Barri Chiara , Modaresialam Mehrnaz , Gherardi Michele , Gatta Zini Angelo , Squeo Benedetta Maria , Pasini Mariacecilia , Chiappini Andrea , Pasquardini Laura , Fedorov Alexey , Abbarchi Marco , Vincenti Maria Antonietta , Intonti Francesca , Bollani Monica
Published: October 2023

Flexible and stretchable photonics are emerging fields aiming to develop novel applications where the devices need to conform to uneven surfaces or whenever lightness and reduced thickness are major requirements. However, owing to the relatively small refractive index of transparent soft matter, these materials are not well adapted for light management at visible and near-infrared frequencies. Here we demonstrate simple, low cost and efficient protocols for fabricating Si1−xGex-based, sub-micrometric dielectric antennas with ensuing hybrid integration into different plastic supports. The dielectric antennas are realized exploiting the natural instability of thin solid films to form regular patterns of monocrystalline atomically smooth silicon and germanium nanostructures. Efficient protocols for encapsulating them into flexible and transparent, organic supports are investigated and validated. We benchmark the optical quality of the antennas with light scattering measurements, demonstrating the control of the islands structural colour and the onset of sharp Mie modes after encapsulation.
Stochastic antireflection structures on silicon fabricated by reactive ion etching
Authors: Schmelz David , Käsebier Thomas , Zeitner Uwe
Published: October 2023

Stochastic Si nanostructures for antireflection (AR) fabricated by reactive ion etching (RIE) are presented for use in different spectral ranges. The lithography-free fabrication enables its application on highly curved surfaces. ALD-coatings of Al2O3 of varying thickness can improve the mechanical stability of such structures while keeping their optical functionality. While typical black silicon structures are suitable for application from VIS to NIR, an RIE-based fabrication process for stochastic AR structures in the longer IR and THz range is presented as well.
Machine learning control of complex nonlinear dynamics in fibre lasers - INVITED
Authors: Boscolo Sonia , Peng Junsong , Wu Xiuqi , Zhang Ying , Finot Christophe , Zeng Heping
Published: October 2023

We review our recent work on the use of genetic algorithms to control non-stationary nonlinear wave dynamics in ultrafast fibre lasers, including the generation of breathing-soliton dynamics with controlled characteristics, the disclosure of the fractal dynamics of breathers, and the generation of rogue waves with controlled intensity.
Enhancing THz wave generation in silica nanofibers with Zinc Telluride nonlinear coating
Authors: Azzoune Abderrahim , Lebrun Sylvie
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the use of Zinc Telluride (ZnTe) as a second-order nonlinear coating to enhance THz wave generation in silica nanofibers. Numerical simulations show that ZnTe coatings can significantly improve THz wave generation efficiency due to their large second-order nonlinear susceptibility and high transparency in the THz frequency range. Specifically, we observe a 2000-fold increase in THz wave generation efficiency with a 100nm thickness ZnTe coating compared to an uncoated silica nanofiber.
Thermalization of light waves in multimode optical fibers: Negative temperatures equilibrium states and the role of disorder - INVITED
Authors: Baudin Kilian , Garnier Josselin , Berti Nicolas , Fusaro Adrien , Zanaglia Lucas , Michel Claire , Doya Valérie , Krupa Katarzyna , Millot Guy , Picozzi Antonio
Published: October 2023

Nonlinear random waves exhibit a phenomenon of irreversible thermalization, in analogy with the thermalization of a classical gas system. This irreversible process of thermalization to the Rayleigh-Jeans equilibrium distribution has been recently observed experimentally in multimode optical fibers. Here we discuss a recent progress along two different directions. Firstly, we report the observation of thermalization to negative temperature equilibrium states, in which high-order fiber modes are more populated than low-order modes. Secondly, we analyze the impact of disorder inherent to light propagation in multimode fibers. We identify an unexpected regime in which strong random coupling among non-degenerate modes leads to a nonequilibrium process of Rayleigh-Jeans thermalization.
Beam-by-beam Kerr clean-up in multimode optical fibres – INVITED
Authors: Ferraro Mario , Mangini Fabio , Leventoux Yann , Tonello Alessandro , Zitelli Mario , Sun Yifan , Fevrier Sebastien , Krupa Katarzyna , Kharenko Denis , Wabnitz Stefan , Couderc Vincent
Published: October 2023

We propose and demonstrate the concept of beam-by-beam cleaning in multimode optical fibres, i.e., the increase of the spatial quality of an intense laser beam, induced by a relatively weak, quasi singlemode seed beam. This effect, which relies on the Kerr nonlinearity of the fibre, is quite efficient: a seed beam is capable of providing a bell-shape to a ten times more powerful beam. Our results pave the way for the development of a new class of all-optical switching devices for intense laser beams.
Design of mid-Infrared supercontinuum generation in lithium niobate on sapphire waveguide through lateral leakage engineering
Authors: Fiaboe Kokou Firmin , Della Torre Alberto , Mitchell Arnan , Monat Christelle , Grillet Christian , Nguyen Thach
Published: October 2023

We study the lateral leakage of a silicon nitride loaded lithium niobate on sapphire waveguide in the mid-infrared regime. We then combine lateral leakage and dispersion engineering to numerically demonstrate mid-infrared supercontinuum generation extending from 2400nm to 5000nm
Unexpected phase-locked Brillouin Kerr Frequency comb in fiber Fabry Perot resonators
Authors: Bunel Thomas , Conforti Matteo , Lumeau Julien , Moreau Antonin , Fernandez Arnaud , Llopis Olivier , Roul Julien , Perego Auro M. , Mussot Arnaud
Published: October 2023

We report the observation of a stable and broadband optical frequency comb in a high-Q fiber Fabry Perot resonator. We evidence it arises from an unexpected mode-locking phenomena.
Synthetic Self-injection Locked Microcombs for Deterministic Single Soliton Operation
Authors: Ulanov Alexander , Wildi Thibault , Pavlov Nikolay G. , Jost John D. , Karpov Maxim , Herr Tobias
Published: October 2023

Self-injection locking to a photonic crystal ring-microresonator with synthetic back-reflection is demonstrated for the first time. The on-chip system permits deterministic generation of exclusively single-soliton microcombs and does not rely on random backscattering from defects or imperfections.
Quantum cascade laser frequency comb locked with 200 mrad residual phase noise
Authors: Komagata Kenichi N. , Parriaux Alexandre , Bertrand Mathieu , Hillbr Johannes , Wittwer Valentin J. , Faist Jérôme , Südmeyer Thomas
Published: October 2023

Using near-infrared light, we tightly-lock a mid-infrared quantum cascade laser frequency comb to another laser, achieving a residual integrated phase noise of 200 mrad. This high coherence is pertinent for highly-sensitive dual-comb spectroscopy and metrology.
Chaos and synchronization within soliton molecules
Authors: Gat Omri , Zou Defeng , Song Youjian , Grelu Philippe
Published: October 2023

We experimentally demonstrate the synchronization of regularly vibrating soliton molecules by means of an injected modulated signal. Such synchronization is analyzed in real time through the sensitive balanced optical correlation technique. We also unveil the existence of chaotic intra-molecular vibrations, to which we successfully apply a similar control strategy. These findings strengthen the hypothesis of internal dynamics of soliton molecules essentially ruled by a reduced number of degrees of freedom, allowing applicative prospects.
Real-time wavefront aberrometry in subjects with accommodative excess
Authors: Gomes Jessica , Sapkota Kishor , Franco Sandra
Published: October 2023

The purpose of this study was to use real-time wavefront aberrometry to detect accommodative excess (AE) and to analyse the optical quality of the eye in subjects with this dysfunction. AE was detected from the accommodative response obtained by real-time wavefront aberrometry. These subjects had a significant accommodative lead to all stimuli and had difficulty relaxing accommodation. The root mean square (RMS) of high order aberrations (HOA) was higher in subjects with AE for lower stimulus and for disaccommodation than in the control group. However, the subjects with AE showed a decrease in the RMS of HOA with an increase in accommodative response. Primary spherical aberration tended to become more negative with accommodation in both subjects and there was no difference between the groups. Real-time wavefront aberrometry can be used as an objective method to detect accommodative excess.
Multimodal imaging using tellurite highly nonlinear multimode fibers
Authors: Brachais Claire-Hélène , Evrard Marianne , Maldonado Anthony , Serrano Esteban , Strutynski Clément , Désévédavy Frédéric , Couderc Vincent , Gadret Grégory , Colas Maggy , Danto Sylvain , Cardinal Thierry , Smektala Frédéric
Published: October 2023

Since the development of the first fibroscope in the late nineteenth century, the use of innovating glass fibers has opened promising perspectives for medical applications particularly in the domain of multimodal imagery[1]. In this work, tellurite glasses have been used to design step-index optical fibers with a rectangular core-section for supercontinuum generation in the near infrared domain. The tellurite glasses selection and the fibers manufacturing by the stack-and-draw process will be presented. Characterizations performed on bulk samples and fibers will also be detailed[2]. The spectral broadening, which is obtained in this work in a short fiber sample, is used for imaging mouse kidney cells, labelled with three different fluorochromes, by means of two and three-photon absorption. Despite the multimode nature of the output beam, clear images of tubules, actin and nucleus are collected with a spatial resolution down to 1.2 µm[3].
Ultra-fine grinding as a prerequisite for producing polishable free-form optics
Authors: Bliedtner Jens , Faehnle Oliver , Henkel Sebastian , Schulze Christian , Gerhardt Martin
Published: October 2023

In many conventional optical manufacturing processes, lapping is still a standard method to provide polishable surfaces. With the increasing use of CNC technology, efforts are being made to substitute the lapping process in the process chain. The paper presents studies that compare the lapping and fine grinding processes and provide an assessment of the subsequent polishing process. By using fine grinding with resin bond tools, polishing times can be significantly reduced and subsurface damage structures minimized. Ultra-fine grinding is also an important shaping process for the production of complex surface geometries, such as free-form optics.
Soft, stretchable optical fibers via thermal drawing
Authors: Banerjee Hritwick , Bartolomei Nicola , Song Jinwon , Sorin Fabien
Published: October 2023

Optical fibers that can sustain large elastic deformations are promising building blocks in soft robotics, medical and wearable devices, and advanced textiles. Thus far, however, the fabrication methods developed for soft optical fibers have remained unmatured. Here, we present thermal drawing as a materials and processing platform to fabricate 10s of meters-long soft, multi-material optical fibers with intriguing architectures. It offers unprecedented opportunities to realize step-index soft optical fibers, as well as photonic crystal fibers for transmission, reflection, and sensing.
High-harmonic spectroscopy of solids driven by structured light
Authors: García-Cabrera Ana , Boyero-García Roberto , Zurrón-Cifuentes Óscar , Serrano Javier , Román Julio San , Hernández-García, Carlos , Plaja Luis
Published: October 2023

Understanding high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from solid targets holds the key of potential technological innovations in the field of high-frequency coherent sources. Solids present optical nonlinearities at lower driving intensities, and harmonics can be efficiently emitted due to the increased electron density in comparison with the atomic and molecular counterparts. In addition, crystalline solids introduce a new complexity, as symmetries play a role in the anisotropic character of the optical response. An extraordinary playground is, therefore, the scenario in which solids are driven by vector beams, since crystal symmetries can be directly coupled with the topology of the driving laser beam. In this contribution we analyze the topological properties of the HHG radiation emitted by a single-layer graphene sheet driven by a vector beam. We show that the harmonic field is a complex combination of vortices, whose geometrical properties hold information about the details of the non-linear response of the crystal. We demonstrate, therefore, that the analysis of the topological structure of the harmonic field can be used as a spectroscopic measurement technique, paving the way of topological spectroscopy as a new strategy for the characterization of the optical response of macroscopic targets.
Spatiotemporal optical vortices: Advances and mysteries - INVITED
Authors: Porras Miguel A.
Published: October 2023

The amount of transverse orbital angular momentum (OAM) carried by the spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs) is being hotly debated. In this contribution I unveil the mystery of the amount of total, intrinsic and extrinsic transverse OAM carried by STOVs. They do not carry any total transverse OAM about a static transverse axis crossing the STOV center. Yet, STOVs carry a transverse OAM about a moving transverse axis crossing the STOV center permanently, which is identified with the intrinsic OAM, and an opposite extrinsic transverse OAM about the fixed axis. These results raise questions about the interpretation of second-harmonic and high-harmonic experiments or simulations with STOVs, and the capability of STOVs to transmit OAM to particles. Other advances such as observation of vortex splitting and topological charge flipping of high-order STOVs in free space and in dispersive media, and the transverse torque exerted by optical elements will be discussed.
Extrinsic chirality in metasurfaces: Traditional and unconventional experiments – INVITED
Authors: Petronijevic Emilija , Belardini Alessandro , Ram Kumar Hari Prasath , Leahu Grigore , Voti Roberto Li , Sibilia Concita
Published: October 2023

Plasmonic nanostructures with achiral, but asymmetric shapes can exhibit chiro-optical phenomena at the nanoscale, given that the nanostructure-light interaction symmetry is broken. Such behaviour is defined as extrinsic chirality, and it is induced by properly arranging the experimental set-up. We show measurement techniques for extrinsic chirality in low-cost, asymmetric samples with nanostructures organized in metasurfaces. We employ widely tuneable chiro-optical characterization of transmission and reflection, as well as the circular polarization degree of the transmitted signal; near-infrared range (680-1080nm) and oblique incidence allow for the detection of resonant features in extrinsic chirality. Other, unconventional experiments use photo-thermal consequences of chirality governed absorption in metasurfaces. Photo-acoustic spectroscopy directly gives circular dichroism as a differential absorption of the left and right circular polarizations exciting the sample. Photo-deflection spectroscopy gives additional information of diffraction phenomena governed by the extrinsic chirality. We showed that these techniques can monitor the extrinsic chiral behaviour of the hybrid plasmonic metamaterials. Moreover, they can be used in combination with fluorescence-detected circular dichroism to measure the emission properties of fluorescent materials.
The Artificial Microscope
Authors: Diaspro Alberto , Bianchini Paolo , Cuneo Lisa
Published: October 2023

Optical microscopy demonstrated an incredible power and ability in producing large data set originated from biological samples by light interrogation and tunable in terms of spatial at temporal resolution down to the nano- and pico- scale, respectively. Such a data set is the core for developing an artificial microscope aiming to transform a label-free interrogation of the sample into a molecular-rich fluorescence-based image. The intelligent artificial microscope is AI-guided through a computational core based on three modules based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) and a tensor independent component analysis (tICA) un-supervised machine learning within a supervised deep learning strategy having the ambitious target to create a robust virtual environment "to see "what we could not perceive before". An interesting case study is related to understanding the visualisation of chromatin organisation.
Multi-channel free space optical convolutions
Authors: Song Alexander , Murty Kottapalli Sai Nikhilesh , Fischer Peer
Published: October 2023

Convolutional layers are a critical feature of modern neural networks and require significant com-putational resources. In response, optical accelerators have been developed as a low-energy, high-bandwidth approach for performing large-scale convolutions. We extend these methods to act on many input channels each with their own set of convolutional kernels. We simulate the performance of this system with ray-tracing and evaluate its performance.
Machine learning enabled digital compensation of phase-to-amplitude distor-tion in fibre-optical parametric amplifier based transmission links
Authors: Nguyen Long H. , Boscolo Sonia , Sygletos Stylianos
Published: October 2023

We numerically demonstrate an advanced digital signal processing method for compensating the phase-to-amplitude distortion conversion caused by the interaction of the phase noise induced by pump dither-ing with the dispersive fibre channel in fibre-optical parametric amplifier based transmission systems.
Light in Memristive Atomic Scale Junction - Memristors go Photonics
Authors: Malchow Konstantin , Hamdad Sarah , Cheng Bojun , Zellweger Till , Leuthold Juerg , Bouhelier Alexandre
Published: October 2023

Memristive devices are an emerging new type of devices operating at the scale of a few or even single atoms. They largely exploited for emulating the electrical function of synapses and are thus currently investigated for performing in-memory and neuromorphic computing. In this contribution, we report the obser-vation of a novel feature in these devices. We show that memristors can also emit photons during their activity. We identified three mechanisms producing photons with vastly different properties. The crossover between emission regimes depends on the history of the memristor and its operating conductance. Our results suggests that this new generation of memristor pave the way for multidimensional neural networks using both electrons and photons as information carrier.
Das Powerhouse Fuß – Spiraldynamik®-Krafttraining für die Füße
Authors: Engel-Majer Hilke , Majer Markus
Published: October 2023

Ein Krafttraining des Fußes steigert dessen Leistungs-fähigkeit und Funktion. Gleichzeitig sinkt das Verletzungsrisiko und bestehende Beschwerden mindern sich. Hilke Engel-Majer und Markus Majer erklären anhand der funktionellen Anatomie, warum das klassische Fußtraining um spezielle Übungen ergänzt werden sollte. Im Zentrum stehen die Fußspirale sowie der Aufbau von Quergewölbe und Zehenkraft.
Rechtskonformität der ärztlichen Aufklärung
bei relativ indizierter sekundärer Sectio an geburtshilflichen Kliniken
in Deutschland – Teil II: Neues
Aufklärungskonzept
Authors: Jaster Alexandra Marina , Gaidzik Peter Wolfgang , Schiermeier Sven
Published: October 2023

Einleitung Die Vermeidung von Haftungsfällen für
Geburtsschäden wegen ärztlicher Aufklärungsfehler steht
im dringenden Interesse der geburtshilflichen Kliniken in Deutschland. Das Ziel
dieser deutschlandweiten Studie war, ein mit Blick auf die häufige
Situation der relativ indizierten sekundären Sectio neu entwickeltes
Aufklärungskonzept durch die geburtshilflichen Kliniken in Deutschland
auf seine Praxistauglichkeit hin bewerten zu lassen und das Antwortverhalten
vergleichend zu analysieren.

Methodik Alle geburtshilflichen Kliniken in Deutschland wurden im Rahmen
einer anonymen Online-Studie mit einem eigens entwickelten Fragebogen
kontaktiert und gebeten, diesbezüglich 5 Fragen zu beantworten. Die
Kliniken wurden in zwei Vergleichsgruppen anhand ihrer bisherigen
Aufklärungspraxis in Bezug auf die Verwendung eines allgemeinen
Aufklärungsbogens bei Geburtsanmeldung mit ärztlichem
Aufklärungsgespräch eingeteilt.

Ergebnisse 93 Fragebögen konnten ausgewertet werden. Dem neuen
Aufklärungsalgorithmus wird von der Mehrheit der Kliniken
(59,14%) die Praxistauglichkeit bescheinigt. Im Gruppenvergleich zeigen
sich deutliche Bewertungsunterschiede.

Schlussfolgerung Im Eigeninteresse sollten die Klinikträger
bestrebt sein, ihren Ärzten ein rechtskonformes
Aufklärungskonzept nebst den dafür erforderlichen personellen
und materiellen Ressourcen zur Verfügung zu stellen.
Synthesis of Aryl Carboxylic Acids through Ambient Electro-oxidation of Arylacetylenes
Authors: Zhang Yanhua , Yuan Hongyan , Sun Manxin , Zhang Tong , Wu Guohao
Published: October 2023

An efficient and environment-friendly synthesis of aryl carboxylic acids through the ambient electro-oxidation of the arylacetylenes is demonstrated. The reaction proceeds smoothly at certain applied potentials in a mixed solution of acetonitrile and water with potassium peroxymonosulfate (Oxone) as the additive. The isolated yields of the desired products are good up to 90%, and the reaction exhibits excellent functional-group tolerance. In this electrochemical system, transition metal catalysts, extra acids/bases, and high temperature are not required. This method may open up a pathway for the synthesis of carboxylic acids by the electrochemistry strategy.
Krankenhausmanagement: Der perfekte Sturm
Authors: Doelfs Guntram
Published: October 2023

Klinikmanager durchleben gerade schwierige Zeiten. Viele versuchen ihr Haus vor der drohenden Insolvenz zu retten. Zudem weiß niemand, welche Auswirkungen der Klinikrefom haben wird. Klar scheint: Die Reform wird den bereits laufenden Wandlungsprozess im Management erheblich beschleunigen.
Gastbeitrag: Vorhaltefinanzierung ist ein Irrweg
Authors: Lohmann Heinz
Published: October 2023

Mit Vorhaltepauschalen will Gesundheitsminister Prof. Karl Lauterbach die Ökonomisierung des Gesundheitssystems stoppen. Klinikexperte Prof. Heinz Lohmann sieht darin einen fatalen Rückfall zum Selbstkostendeckungsprinzip. Er fordert, das Versorgungssystem der Zukunft vom Patienten her zu denken.
Kommentar: Reformen – im Geist der Kooperation
Authors: Kurscheid Clarissa , Neumeyer Henriette , Kloepfer Albrecht
Published: October 2023

Gesundheitsminister Karl Lauterbach rühmt sich, „Interessengruppen“ vom Reformprozess fernzuhalten und stattdessen „der Wissenschaft“ zu folgen. Ein fragwürdiger Ansatz, denn es sind die Vertreter dieser so genannten Interessengruppen, die letztlich gemeinsam Patientinnen und Patienten versorgen.
Recent progress in the JARVIS infrastructure for next-generation data-driven materials design
Authors: Wines Daniel , Gurunathan Ramya , Garrity Kevin F. , DeCost Brian , Biacchi Adam J. , Tavazza Francesca , Choudhary Kamal
Published: October 2023

The joint automated repository for various integrated simulations (JARVIS) infrastructure at the National Institute of Standards and Technology is a large-scale collection of curated datasets and tools with more than 80 000 materials and millions of properties. JARVIS uses a combination of electronic structure, artificial intelligence, advanced computation, and experimental methods to accelerate materials design. Here, we report some of the new features that were recently included in the infrastructure, such as (1) doubling the number of materials in the database since its first release, (2) including more accurate electronic structure methods such as quantum Monte Carlo, (3) including graph neural network-based materials design, (4) development of unified force-field, (5) development of a universal tight-binding model, (6) addition of computer-vision tools for advanced microscopy applications, (7) development of a natural language processing tool for text-generation and analysis, (8) debuting a large-scale benchmarking endeavor, (9) including quantum computing algorithms for solids, (10) integrating several experimental datasets, and (11) staging several community engagement and outreach events. New classes of materials, properties, and workflows added to the database include superconductors, two-dimensional (2D) magnets, magnetic topological materials, metal-organic frameworks, defects, and interface systems. The rich and reliable datasets, tools, documentation, and tutorials make JARVIS a unique platform for modern materials design. JARVIS ensures the openness of data and tools to enhance reproducibility and transparency and to promote a healthy and collaborative scientific environment.
“Anomalous” diffusion in multi-layer silicide systems
Authors: Huang Yang , Fu Tairan , Wu Yusong , Yang Zhikang , Huang Guanyao , Wang Na
Published: October 2023

The transition metal silicide coatings have excellent oxidation resistance. In the high-temperature oxidization environment, the “anomalous” diffusion phenomenon of the reverse concentration gradient occurs in the multilayer silicide coating structure, which has a significant impact on the coating degradation. This study is to explore the physical mechanism of “anomalous” diffusion phase transformation in the MoSi2–NbSi2 bilayer silicide coating on the Nb alloy substrate. Through vacuum annealing experiments, combined with micro-Raman spectroscopy and electron probe microanalysis measurements, the diffuisonal phase transformation of multilayer silicide coating in the oxygen-free environment at high temperatures was studied. By decoupling the oxidation and diffusion, the experiments indicate that high-temperature oxidation is not the dominant driving factor for the “anomalous” diffusion of atoms. The thermodynamic analysis reveals that the reduction in the nucleation barrier of the silicide-poor layer due to multicomponent solid solution and the non-uniform distribution of component chemical potential provide the driving force for the “anomalous” diffusion growth. Based on the diffusion kinetic modeling, the simulation of diffusion-controlled phase transformation in multilayer silicide coating was carried out, and the effect of tracer diffusion coefficients on the growth of the silicide-poor phase was analyzed. The research will have guiding significance for the recognition of failure mechanisms of silicide coating systems and performance improvement.