bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF TEST MAKING IN LEARNING PROCESS
Authors: Khasanova Dilbar , Cartwright Hugh
Published: February 2021

Almost always with the word "test" a question comes to mind with four or fve possible answers. Students usually think of multiple-choice questions (MCQs) when they are told to get tested. Testing means testing students' knowledge using diﬀerent types of question forms. The proposed article examines the academic performance test, which was developed by the administration of the Uzbekistan English Teachers Association (UZTEA) for Year 2 students of lyceums and colleges. The purpose of this study is to discuss test constructs and propose a more reliable version of them if the reason for the unsatisfactory results depends on the evaluation criteria. Both formal and fnal tests were developed by the administration of the Uzbekistan English Teachers Association (UZTEA). There are specifc assessment criteria and objectives based on the curriculum, consisting of four types of questions, addressing the respective four competencies, that is, to test the ability of students in the four core skills. In our study, only criteria related to reading skills will be considered. Reading comprehension questions will be reviewed following relevant developments and recommendations from experts and testing requirements. The importance of the Test Modifcation Project for English teachers is that test scores tend to be directly related to the content of the tests. The diﬀerences between the tests involved in the study and their modifed versions will be considered by the specifcity of the tests, based on certain criteria and fve principles of test design
FEATURES AND TRENDS OF DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX IN THE TASHKENT REGION
Authors: Ba Nilufar
Published: February 2021

The aim of the article is the theoretical justifcation and development of the organizational and economic mechanism for the formation and development of a regional intentional complex, where innovative components dominate. It should be noted that in recent years in the region there have been trends in the deepening of the newest forms of relations and interconnections based on the expansion of inter-sectoral and sectoral integration of industrial enterprises, the progress of the formation of forms of regional industrial systems is traced, prerequisites are created for the emergence of new forms of integrated cooperation of the subjects of the innovation process. In modern conditions, the current model of the competitive development of the industrial complex of the region is based on the broad and eﬀective interaction of various participants in the development and commercialization of innovations, which requires a search for forms and directions of its strengthening. The need to strengthen the innovative component of the industrial complex, contributing to its innovative development, involves the search for new modifed organizational and economic mechanisms for the innovative development of the industrial system based on the assessment of trends and development features of new system interactions. Meanwhile, the process of transition to a model of innovative development is objectively closely related to the need to concentrate eﬀorts on the formation of a systematic methodology for managing the innovative development of the region. The article focuses on the development of organizational and economic mechanisms for the innovative development of the regional industrial complex. In particular, attention is paid to the intensive factors of industrial production growth. To achieve the goal, several main tasks were set and solved in the article.. The state of fxed assets for the development of industrial production in the region has been studied. The region was also evaluated based on the inﬂuence of innovation and investment factors. The current state and trends in the development of industry in the Tashkent region are analyzed, the basic prerequisites for the creation of an innovative industrial system in the region are studied, and trends in the innovative development of industry in the Tashkent region are evaluated. In conclusion, recommendations are given for eliminating the imbalance between the existing regions, as well as for accelerating the development of new high-tech industries of the industrial complex
THE SPECIFICS OF THE POLITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FOREIGN POLICY OF MUSLIM COUNTRIES
Authors: Qodirova Guzal
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the foreign policy of Muslim states, where the Islamic factor plays an important role in society. It is known that the religious factor manifests itself in different ways, depending on the historical heritage, culture and characteristics of the socio-political development of the country. At the same time, it has a significant impact on the foreign policy of all Muslim states. So, the Islamic factor is present both in the state foreign policy strategy and in the form of ideology promoted by non-state actors. In the state policy of Muslim countries, mainly the idea of promoting precisely “their” local form of Islam prevails. Its “soft power” after the Arab Spring has become an integral part of the new geopolitics, and even more than in the past, Muslim countries are trying to form and promote their image of a “moderate” version of Islam and adhere to it in their foreign policy. The author explores such non-state actors as, for example, the Muslim Brotherhood organization and the Islamic State (ISIS), which criticizes the existing regimes of Muslim states, casting doubt on their legitimacy. Thus, challenging existing regimes, not only in the traditional sense of power, but also in terms of religious legitimacy. Any claim of this kind is perceived by governments as an existential threat, as well as any alternative interpretations of Islam promoted at the regional or international level by other states. The article analyzes the escalation of armed confrontations and conflicts, the spread of which to neighboring countries shows that the process of geopolitical transformation is far from over, and a new balance of forces in the region has not yet been determined.
NATIONAL EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE EDUCATIONAL IDEAS OF JADIDISM
Authors: Namazova Yulduz
Published: February 2021

The philosophy of education, which was
formed in Turkestan in the late 19th - early 20th centuries, is
interpreted as an area of research that analyzes the national
pedagogical activity and educational foundations of these
modern educators, its goals and ideals, the methodology of
pedagogical knowledge, methods of creating a new Russian
school system. Thus, it can be said with confidence that
the philosophy of education, as an area that has a socioinstitutional form during this period, reflected the goals and
objectives of the educational program of the Jadids. We
know that during the formation of the Jadid Enlightenment,
special studies of the philosophy of education were carried
out, first in the United States and then in Europe. However,
even before that, a separate philosophical system for the
philosophy of education was created by such philosophers
as Plato, Aristotle, Jan Amos Comenius, Locke, Herbart.
In general, the philosophy of education is understood as
an area of philosophical knowledge that has a subject of
study. Philosophy of education as a science originated at the
beginning of the 20th century. The founder of the philosophy
of education in the world is the Anglo-American philosopher
John Dewey. Today, in English-speaking countries, the
philosophy of education has become a discipline with
the status of a subject offered by individual faculties of
universities. Thus, this chapter is devoted to the analysis
of philosophical problems associated with the theory and
practice of education of the Jadids, their approach to the
problems of education, description, and reflection of the
educational system of that period, its goals and levels, since
the entire period of philosophical development is closely
related to the ideas of the enlightenment. This chapter also
presents a conceptual analysis of the educational organization
and gender issues in Turkestan schools of the “new method”.
For the Jadids, Islam was a way to get rid of ignorance,
a means to achieve spiritual perfection. In Turkestan, the
main goal is to build a secular state based on universal ideas,
governed by Parlament. In particular, we see this in the
process of political efforts to create a “national autonomy of
Turkestan autonomy.”
The changing nature of the Jadid movement is also
characterized by an emphasis on education. This was due
to the idea of the Jadid enlighteners to follow the Turkish,
Tatar, and Azerbaijani intellectual world, as well as the
desire to learn about Western European enlightenment.
OBIDJON MAHMUDOV` ACTIVITY IS IN THE SPOTLIGHT OF LOCAL AND FOREIGN SCHOLARS
Authors: Komilov Nodirbek
Published: February 2021

This article is devoted to the life and work of the prominent scientist Obidzhon Makhmudov, his role in the history of our country and the contribution he made to the development of public consciousness, as well as his views and ideas. In this regard, the study of his life, work, and ideas should be of undoubted interest for modern historians. Also, the article, based on the works and periodicals of local and foreign scientists, provides information about the large-scale reforms of the scientist carried out for the prosperity of our country and people and also highlights the little-known aspects of his activities as a political leader of the Kokand Jadids, a well-known publisher, businessman and politician. based on the works of domestic and foreign scientists and periodicals The article provides facts that the publishing activity of the scientist led to an increase in the number of newspapers and magazines in Turkestan and Kokand and the fact that through his efforts the work of the Kokand city exchange was established. The materials presented in the article, based on archival data, provide authentic and original information for those who are interested in the life and work of Obidzhon Makhmudov. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that Obidzhon Makhmudov believed that the only way out of political dependence and a condition for improving people’s living standards was to achieve the country’s economic power. To achieve this goal, he worked on the creation of an exchange society so that every resident of Turkestan could participate in banking and financial capital. The materials and scientific conclusions of our article on the life of Obidzhon Makhmudov and his contribution to the development of the national educational movement can be used to conduct individual studies on this topic, as well as to create textbooks, teaching aids for educational institutions of higher, secondary and special education. Also, the article can be used as an important source for researchers and scientists interested in the history of our country.
THE CONCEPT OF RISALAT AND ITS HISTORICAL, POLITICAL AND IDEOLOGICAL ROLE
Authors: Kushbayev Farrukh
Published: February 2021

The main goal of the article is to give a
clearer picture of the life of the Prophet Muhammad (peace
and blessings be upon him) and his activities to spread the
idea of monotheism based on the verses of the Koran. In
particular, by objectively illuminating the historical essence
of the formation of medieval Arab society during the period
of rising, to prevent the emergence of misconceptions about
Islam and its prophet in the minds of the modern young
generation.
The article first explains the lexical meaning of the
term “risolat (mission)”, and then analyzes the ideological
influence of this concept as a historical process on the
political life of the Arab peoples and peoples of the world. In
particular, dictionaries reveal the comparative meaning and
relevance of this word, as well as its use in the Quran, the
main source of Islam. In academic and traditional translations
and interpretations of the meanings of the Koran into other
languages, in particular Uzbek, Russian and Eng., the word
“messenger” is also explained on the basis of individual
comparisons - using the method of comparative analysis.
At the same time, the radical changes that took place in the
social and cultural life of people as a result of the mission that
took place in medieval Arab society were analyzed based on
a comparative method using historical facts and verses from
the Koran. The article also emphasizes the need to rely on an
objective approach to research in the study of the history and
culture of Islam. Also, the article lists the author’s research
on this topic, carried out during his scientific research. At
the same time, it explains in detail with the help of examples
of how the verses sent at the beginning of Islam influenced
the way of life of people. It also reveals the scientific and
analytical study of a separate historical period of Islam - the
period of the life of the Prophet.
In the final part of the article, a conclusion is made about
the importance of the primary sources and the scientific
heritage of our scientists in the study and coverage of
historical facts.
Archie – A 3D Printed Tool for Teaching Archimedes’ Principle
Authors: Wannous Jarier , Kováč Milan
Published: February 2021

Archimedes’ principle can be a complicated idea to grasp for students. To help with the process, we offer a simple 3D printed tool which can be used for teaching Archimedes’ principle. A detailed description of the tool is given, as well as basic measurements showing its capabilities and the results to expect by using it. Also, a list of activities is given which shows how Archie can be used in a high school environment. The activities are focused on students discovering Archimedes’ principle on their own, while paralleling some of the original statements made by Archimedes about floating objects. A few activities are also offered focused on strengthening and verifying students’ gained understanding of the principle using Archie. Archie is a simple 3D-printed tool which can help students achieve a better understanding of Archimedes’ principle and how objects behave in liquids.
Proposal for a practical session in a university subject to develop the transversal competence of "Innovation, Creativity and Entrepreneurship"
Authors: Oltra Badenes Raul , Guerola-Navarro Vicente , Gil-Gomez Hermenegildo
Published: February 2021

In a dynamic and globalized business world such as the current one in which our professional and personal life is developed, it is crucial to focus on the development of the cross-cutting competence "Innovation, Creativity and Entrepreneurship" of future professionals, already from their formative stage in University. Taking advantage of the intrinsic creativity of the early age of students with concerns about entrepreneurship, we consider it appropriate to help develop and enhance this competence in the first university course of the Degree in Business Administration and Management, specifically in the subject of Introduction to the Business Management. We think it is the best way to motivate students in their training as future entrepreneurs. We propose to do a practical session in which a recognized professional in the field of commercial management, representing business lines of leading brands in their sector (home fashion), conduct a practical workshop in which students are placed in situation of knowing how to face a new business model to diversify and expand its distribution field. The object of study and work would be limited in this case to the creation of an own line of articles, complementary to the lines of which the professional is a representative, and to arrange with the online sales logistics platform the sale and distribution of the new product line. With this we hope that the students can, in an active way, experiment and develop their innovative and entrepreneurial capacity, using and reinforcing their creativity.
Experimental macroeconomics: a role-playing experience among bachelor students
Authors: Sendra Pons Pau , Pinar García Lucía
Published: February 2021

This current innovative education project has the main goal of introducing students to experimental economics to help them better understand complex macroeconomic concepts. For this purpose, it is used an online experimental platform to develop a role-playing dynamic with which students become real economic agents. This gamified technique allows students to interact with each other in the goods and production factors markets and, thus, generate a circular flow studied as one of the main macroeconomic principles. The online platform is conceived as a two-sided website: on one hand, students are assigned a role and asked to make decisions; and, on the other, professors can instantaneously access results in order to explain participants the consequences of their choices. This innovation had a three-step approach. In the first place, students participated in the internet-based experiment according to the instructions provided by the teaching team. Subsequently, there was a discussion around the main results and their connection with macroeconomic theory. Secondly, students were asked to analyze both the experience and the learning outcomes through a report following well-defined guidelines. Lastly, students evaluated themselves as a co-evaluation practice. This horizontal evaluation promotes students’ understanding of the topic due to empathy development and raising awareness of other fellows’ efforts. To evaluate the effectiveness of the activity, a survey using a Likert scale was conducted as well as an examination of co-evaluation procedures. Results show high levels of engagement, enhanced motivation due to role-playing and satisfaction due to this gamified experience that raises students’ levels of attention by incorporating competition and reward-based mechanisms.
Las mascotas ¿condicionan a sus dueños a la hora de organizar un viaje?
Authors: Canós Darós Lourdes , Rumenova Dimitrova Pauna , Morant González Maryland
Published: February 2021

Las familias españolas se decantan cada vez más por tener una mascota en su casa. Dicha decisión se puede tomar por diferentes razones, porque les gustan los animales o simplemente por moda, pero hay otras personas a las que la tenencia de una mascota les ayuda incluso en cuestiones de salud. De este modo, ante la organización de un viaje, los dueños de las mascotas tienen que pensar en qué hacer con la mascota, evaluando diferentes posibilidades. Muchas personas tienen familiares y/o amigos a los cuales pueden dejar con confianza a la mascota, pero hay otras tantas que no pueden disfrutar de esta opción o simplemente desean realizar el viaje disfrutando de la compañía de su mascota. Es este contexto, en este trabajo analizamos si el hecho de tener una mascota condiciona a su propietario a la hora de viajar. Para ello, introducimos la definición y características del turismo con mascotas y cuál es su situación actual. A continuación, utilizamos el método de los Seis sombreros para pensar de Edward de Bono (1985) con el fin de identificar lo que opinan las personas propietarias de una mascota acerca de las potencialidades para viajar con éstas y si las condiciones impuestas por las diferentes empresas turísticas (transporte, alojamiento, restauración, etc.) les limitan de alguna manera a la hora de viajar. Finalmente, mostramos las conclusiones derivadas del estudio y presentamos las referencias bibliográficas utilizadas.
La implementación de las TIC en el aula de música en comparación a metodologías tradicionales de enseñanza como la clase magistral. Estudio de caso práctico.
Authors: Carrascosa Cambra Jesús , Carrascosa López Conrado
Published: February 2021

Las nuevas tecnologías han facilitado la vida de las personas en muchos aspectos, y tienen una importancia capital en la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento actual. Sin embargo, el sistema educativo tiende a ser reacio a estos nuevos avances, decantándose por los métodos tradicionales de enseñanza. Este trabajo de investigación pretende comprobar si la implementación de las TIC como herramienta didáctica, en el aula de música de la ESO, conlleva una mejora en el aprendizaje significativo del alumnado con respecto a métodos tradicionales de enseñanza como la clase magistral. Para demostrarlo se coge una muestra de alumnos de la ESO de características similares que se divide en dos grupos, a los que se les explica la misma Unidad Didáctica de contenidos. A un grupo a través del uso de las TIC y al otro sin servirse de ellas. Como parte transversal del estudio, también se implementan dos metodologías docentes innovadoras como el aprendizaje ubicuo y el aprendizaje dialógico. Posteriormente, se pasa a los dos grupos la misma prueba de evaluación objetiva, a través de la cual se compara el nivel de asimilación de los contenidos de cada grupo. Los resultados muestran como en el grupo en que se emplearon las TIC, se produje una mejora notable en los resultados de la prueba respecto al grupo en que no se utilizaron las TIC.
Análisis de las competencias en emprendimiento de los emprendedores agrarios españoles
Authors: Conchado Peiró Andrea , Ferrándiz Julia , García Gabriel
Published: February 2021

La educación y formación son factores esenciales en el aprendizaje de competencias en emprendimiento. Sin embargo, los estudios precedentes no abordan en profundidad la cuestión de cómo formar a los estudiantes en competencias de emprendimiento en el campo de la agricultura. El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar los factores facilitadores del emprendimiento agrario en el ámbito español, en especial aquellos relacionados con la educación y formación a nivel individual.  Para ello, se analizaron las respuestas de 170 emprendedores agrarios, 3.393 emprendedores en otros sectores y 67.937 no emprendedores. Los datos fueron recogidos como parte del procedimiento de trabajo del proyecto Global Entrepreneurship Monitor entre 2012 y 2014. Este trabajo tiene importantes implicaciones como aportación al conocimiento sobre las necesidades de formación de los emprendedores agrarios.
A pessoa com deficiência como sujeito holístico: um olhar multi, inter e transdisciplinar
Authors: Mangas Catarina , Sousa Jenny
Published: February 2021

A deficiência não pode ser estudada como uma área independente ou como uma incapacidade biológica que condiciona a vida de alguns sendo, portanto, necessariamente limitativa. Não é, neste sentido, possível abordar a deficiência sem considerar a pessoa que tem essa característica específica, enquanto sujeito ativo e cidadão de pleno direito. Por outro lado, o direito à participação implica olhar para a sociedade como um dos elementos que contribui para melhorar ou dificultar a funcionalidade do corpo humano no seu contexto social. A inclusão implica, portanto, considerar os fatores biológicos, psicológicos e sociais da pessoa com deficiência, o que pressupõe investir em ações que estimulem as competências dos sujeitos e criem oportunidades para que estes possam desenvolver o seu potencial máximo. Essas ações são tanto mais profícuas quanto maior for a relação entre as áreas científicas envolvidas na intervenção/reabilitação do sujeito, devendo as equipas de profissionais apostar na vinculação e relação entre os seus conhecimentos. A transdisciplinaridade, mais do que a multidisciplinaridade ou a interdisciplinaridade é, portanto, uma mais valia por sustentar práticas que têm em conta o sujeito e a sua individualidade, mas também tudo o que, sendo exterior a ele, o influencia, considerando-o e respeitando-o holisticamente.
Producción científica en innovación: Revisión sistemática de literatura
Authors: De la Torre Ramos Ariel Alonso , Cortés Sáenz David , Aguirre Escárcega Fausto Enrique , Matheus Marín Alibell Carolina
Published: February 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo analizar artículos que abordan innovación , con el fin de identificar conceptos, definiciones y tipos de innovación. El método para llevar acabo el estudio fue una revisión sistemática de literatura (SLR) el cual consta de 3 fases. La fase 1 planificación; donde se orienta a seleccionar bases de datos pertinentes y la búsqueda a partir de palabras claves. La fase 2 conducción; se evalúa y extraen los datos con base a los objetivos planteados. Fase 3 informe de resultados; se enfoca a validar los criterios considerando calidad y pertinencia de los estudios encontrados. Hacer una búsqueda de la literatura para obtener cómo se define la innovación puede ser complicado, ya que la palabra innovación se emplea en diversos contextos, sectores y disciplinas, por lo cual dependiendo el enfoque de tema al que se pretenda indagar se obtendrán distintas narraciones sobre la definición de la innovación.Como resultado se obtuvo el análisis de 103 artículos publicados en acceso abierto, de enero 2017 a noviembre 2019, en las bases de datos de Web Of Science y Scopus , teniendo como hallazgo que las entidades de mayor publicación sobre el tema son la Unión Europea y los Estados Unidos de América, en lo que concierne a un enfoque de los sectores empresariales y académicos seguidos por el enfoque social y cultural.
Impacts of Tourism on Marine Debris and Microplastic Detection at Samui Island, Southern Thailand
Authors: Horpet Phusit - , Jaroensutasinee Mullica - , Jaroensutasinee Krisanadej -
Published: February 2021

We investigated types, amounts and sources of marine debris and microplastics, and compared how tourism, by means of different levels of beach cleanup, affecting them. We collected marine debris and microplastics at three beaches based on frequencies of beach cleanup: high (Chaweng Beach), intermediate (Lamai Beach) and no beach cleaning (Hua Thanon Beach). Marine debris was counted from a ground survey using the applied Trash Free Sea® data card and the International Coastal Cleanup (ICC) method. Microplastics with a size larger than 1 mm were examined and photographed using a clip-type mobile phone microscope. The Clean Coast Index (CCI) was used for the assessment of beach cleanliness. Over 95% of the marine debris was plastic, and microplastics were ubiquitous, which calls for classification of the plastics as hazardous materials. Hua Thanon Beach had the highest (CCI> 20) (extremely dirty), followed by Lamai Beach (2-5 CCI) and the least CCI was at Chaweng Beach (CCI<2) (clean beach). This is because the popular tourism beach (Chaweng Beach) had the highest beach cleaning frequencies even during the 3-month lockdown of the covid-19 situation. This rapid-survey method could be developed and applied for a citizen-science project on the survey of marine debris and microplastics and on monitoring the condition of our beaches.
Adaptación del proyecto individual de ciclos formativos como sustitución a la Formación en Centros de Trabajo en respuesta a la situación creada por el COVID-19
Authors: Boronat-Moll Carles , Santolaria-Orrios Emiliano
Published: February 2021

La suspensión de clases presenciales debido al COVID-19 en el curso 2019-20 se tradujo en una cancelación de las prácticas de Formación en Centros de Trabajo (FCT) tan sólo una semana después de su comienzo. A partir de la resolución del ministerio se decidió adaptar la convalidación de las prácticas haciendo un proyecto individual. Dado que durante el segundo curso del Ciclo Formativo de Grado Superior en Mecatrónica Industrial se realizó un proyecto grupal (maqueta automatizada) se introdujo la novedad de que cada alumno tuviera un proyecto individual relacionado con este proyecto grupal en el que había trabajado durante los dos primeros trimestres y que dio lugar a unos proyectos individuales de gran calidad cercanos a la práctica profesional, dado que en dos primeros trimestres integró prácticamente todas las competencias del módulo y en el último trimestre se desarrollaron aspectos más específicos de lenguaje formal, capacidad de síntesis, expresión técnica a través de planos y presupuestos, en cada caso adaptado a cada proyecto individual. Además, la fase de exposición hace que los alumnos desarrollen capacidades multimedia y de comunicación que les serán útiles en su futuro profesional.
Experience with synchronous and asynchronous tools in online teaching: Application to Thermal Renewable Energies of the Degree in Energy Engineering at UPV due to the pandemic produced by COVID-19
Authors: Vargas-Salgado Carlos , Bastida-Molina Paula , Alcazar-Ortega Manuel , Montuori Lina
Published: February 2021

Due to the pandemic provoked by COVID-19 in March 2020, the Polytechnic University of Valencia (UPV), following the Government's guidelines, changed the modality of the formal lectures from face-to-face to online non-face-to-face teaching. Professors and students had the challenge of adapting to the new model in one week to finish the semester. In this paper, the results of applying online teaching using both: synchronous and asynchronous lectures and the comparison with the traditional course are shown. The synchronous tools used were MS Teams and skype. Among the asynchronous tools used to create the screencast videos are PoliformaT (Own tool created by UPV), MS Powerpoint, MSRecorder and ODB. The platforms used to upload and public the produced videos are media UPV and YouTube. Also,  professors use PoliformaT to create exams and task and to send messages and students to send works, carry out exams and access to the information shared by professors.
Uso de tertulias dialógicas. Resultados en los exámenes de ciencia agraria
Authors: López Cortés Isabel , Salazar Domingo M , Velázquez-Martí Borja , Estornell-Cremades Javier , Martínez-Tomé Juan
Published: February 2021

Actualmente en las asignaturas de origen agrario es totalmente necesario utilizar técnicas prácticas. Se ha comprobado a lo largo de los años que son necesarios enfoques que permitan disponer de más horas prácticas para aplicar, con más rapidez y fiabilidad, cualquier técnica agraria que estemos estudiando en las aulas, como también queda reflejado en los procesos de renovación docente de las enseñanzas universitarias, necesaria para producir el cambio educativo. Con estas tertulias se trata de continuar la construcción del conocimiento a partir del diálogo que inició el autor al escribir su obra, primero de una forma individual, para pasar después a enriquecerlo aún más a través de un diálogo colectiv, diálogo que debe facilitar un conocimiento no adquirido, a la vezque con un sistema participativo y nuevas dinámicas de grupo, conseguiremos que el alumno adquiera conocimientos y los afiance. Las tertulias fueron desarrolladas en asignaturas diferentes y aunque las tenían un claro perfil agrario y se encontraban incluidas en un mismo plan de estudios. Permitió establecer resultados diferentes dado que la temática de las asignaturas lo permitía. Las asignaturas elegidas son de diferentes cultivos, leñosos y herbáceos, así como de su manejo Todas ellas en la misma titulación y en diferentes centros. Realizando por lo tanto en distintos enfoques de alumnado y contextos muy diversos, tanto formal como no formal. Los alumnos obtuvieron mejores resultados cuando la temática era tratada mediante tertulia dialógica dado que conseguía emular las condiciones prácticas con la búsqueda de información a través de la lectura.
Doodle: an innovative tool for organizing group tutorials in University education
Authors: Bastida-Molina Paula , Vargas-Salgado Carlos , Montuori Lina , Alcázar-Ortega Manuel
Published: February 2021

Group tutorials are becoming an ever-increasing learning methodology in University education due to the continuous knowledge feedback among students. Despite the positive impact of such kind of sessions on students, their previous organization phase remains most of the times misleading. The traditional way of arranging a group tutorial through e-mail normally results in a long and ineffective method mainly caused by the different schedule availability between the professor and the different students. Is in this context where Doodle arises as a virtual application to enhance this first group tutorial phase. Generally, Doodle allows users to schedule meetings in a quick, effective and free way: the organizer creates a new meeting, proposes different schedule options and invites the other participants through an e-mail invitation or a link created by Doodle. Then, participants vote for the schedule options that best fit their availability, so that the final meeting schedule is selected democratically. In the University context, professors would play the role of organizers and students of participants, respectively. In this paper, we analyze the application of Doodle in the organization of a group tutorial of students of Electrical Circuits from the Bachelor Degree in Electrical Engineering (Polytechnic University of Valencia). Particularly, the tutorial was formed by six students and the professor, and took place in the Department of Electrical Engineering. After the meeting, the students answered a survey. Their answers reveled the positive acceptance of Doodle among them in terms of efficiency and ease of use. 100% of them agree on its suitability for arranging future group tutorials. Moreover, a comparative study demonstrated that using Doodle instead of e-mail while arranging a group tutorial leads to an average of up to 64% reduction in process time.
Application of Artificial intelligence to high education: empowerment of flipped classroom with just-in-time teaching
Authors: Montuori Lina , Alcázar-Ortega Manuel , Bastida-Molina Paula , Vargas-Salgado Carlos
Published: February 2021

In the so-called society 4.0, Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being widely used in many areas of life. Machine learning uses mathematical algorithms based on "training data", which are able to make predictions or take decisions with the ability to change their behavior through a self-training approach. Furthermore, thanks to AI, a large volume of data can be now processed with the overall goal to extract patterns and transform the information into a comprehensible structure for further utilization, which manually done by humans would easily take several years. In this framework, this article explores the potential of AI and machine learning to empower flipped classroom with just-in-time teaching (JiTT). JiTT is a pedagogical method that can be easily combined with the reverse teaching. It allows professors to receive feedback from students before class, so they may be able to adapt the lesson flow, as well as preparing strategies and activities focused on the student deficiencies. This research explores the application of AI in high education as a tool to analyze the key variables involved in the learning process of students and to integrate JiTT within the flipped classroom. Finally, a case of application of this methodology is presented, applied to the course of Industrial Refrigeration taught at the Polytechnic University of Valencia.
Algunos ejemplos prácticos de la contribución de una asignatura de matemáticas de Grado a los ODS
Authors: Vidal-Meló Anna
Published: February 2021

Las matemáticas son una herramienta indispensable para comprender y controlar el mundo que nos rodea y como base de cualquier desarrollo tecnológico, imprescindible para hacer sostenible la vida de la especie en nuestro planeta (FECYT, 2014). En este trabajo se describen varias actividades que pueden ser desarrolladas en asignaturas de Matemáticas de los primeros cursos de Grado y que pueden abordarse siguiendo un Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos. Estas actividades están planteadas a través de problemas contextualizados, relacionados con varios de los 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) definidos en la Cumbre de Desarrollo Sostenible de septiembre del 2015. Los problemas de optimización cuadran perfectamente con el ODS de Producción y consumo responsables. Un ejemplo lo constituye la producción de envases alimenticios, envases que encontramos en nuestras despensas y que no siempre son los más eficientes en cuanto a la cantidad de material utilizado. En el estudio de las Ecuaciones Diferenciales es usual comenzar con el modelo exponencial o de Malthus y el modelo logístico. Ambos modelos se asocian al crecimiento de una población, como puede ser la relacionada con un recurso natural como peces, animales terrestres, árboles, etc. Estos modelos pueden modificarse teniendo en cuenta una cuota o tasa de variación relacionada con la pesca o caza controlada, talas, etc., bien de forma constante o de manera periódica (recolección periódica con tiempos de veda). A través de la cooperación entre estudiantes y con programas de simulación y de resolución aproximada como Matlab, se puede analizar cómo varía la población según las cotas permitidas e investigar el máximo valor plausible de forma que no afecte al recurso natural, en el sentido de que no lo haga desaparecer. Con estos problemas se abordan los ODS sobre la Vida submarina y la Vida de ecosistemas terrestres.
Uso de videos en el estudio y comprensión de la Teoría de Sistemas y el Pensamiento de Sistemas: Propuesta de una guía para la búsqueda y selección
Authors: Niccolas Morales Heriberto , Garnica González Jaime , Sánchez Ortíz Cristian Eduardo , San Martín Sampayo Itzel , Reséndiz López Germán , Toto Arellano Noel Iván , Ángel Monzalvo Hernández Ángel
Published: February 2021

Como parte de las actividades de innovación educativa que realizan los docentes, se tiene la necesidad de contar con materiales didácticos para el desarrollo de las clases, pero no siempre se dispone del tiempo y recursos necesarios para crearlos. Sin embargo, en Internet existen muchos materiales educativos que pueden ayudar tanto a profesores como a estudiantes en las actividades de enseñanza, aprendizaje o investigación. Muchos de estos recursos son de dominio público o han sido publicados con alguna licencia de propiedad intelectual, mismos que pueden ser aprovechados para entender mejor los temas teóricos que representan complejidad por su nivel de abstracción, como puede ser la Teoría General de Sistemas. El objetivo de este trabajo es generar y proponer una guía para la búsqueda y selección de recursos educativos abiertos en modalidad de video, que facilite la actividad de indagación de temas a los estudiantes de ingeniería industrial en asignaturas que tratan la Teoría de Sistemas y el Pensamiento de Sistemas, para que logren el propósito de aprendizaje de contenidos temáticos de una manera rápida y dinámica. El presente artículo describe un trabajo colaborativo realizado entre estudiantes y maestros de la Licenciatura en Ingeniería Industrial que da cuenta de la importancia que tiene el video como recurso de apoyo a las actividades de autoaprendizaje, además de mostrar la utilidad y beneficio del uso de videos en los últimos años.
Questões ambientais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem no 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico
Authors: Rodrigues María José , Fernandes Júlia
Published: February 2021

Este estudo decorreu da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (PES) do Mestrado em Ensino do 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e de Matemática e Ciências Naturais no 2.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico (CEB), no ano letivo de 2018/2019. Durante a PES estivemos em contacto com uma turma do 1.º ano e com a qual desenvolvemos várias atividades com foco nas questões ambientais. Partimos da questão de investigação: “como podemos integrar as questões ambientais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, com vista à consciencialização ambiental dos alunos?” da qual derivaram os seguintes objetivos: (i) compreender como os professores encaram as questões ambientais no processo de ensino-aprendizagem; (ii) desenvolver EEA que envolvam questões ambientais; e (iii) consciencializar os alunos para diversas questões ambientais e promover o sentido crítico acerca desta temática. O estudo assenta numa metodologia de natureza qualitativa, interpretativa e descritiva. Para a recolha de dados recorremos ao guião de entrevista que aplicamos à professora cooperante e um Focus Group  que aplicamos a vinte e três alunos. Utilizamos, ainda, as notas de campo que recolhemos durante quatro meses da PES. Os resultados evidenciam que os alunos mostram uma grande sensibilidade para a proteção do ambiente, apontando preocupação com a proteção dos animais e com a poluição. Relativamente à opinião da professora cooperante sobre a abordagem às questões ambientais nas práticas didático-pedagógicas é evidente a sua valorização embora considere que não sejam muito trabalhadas devido ao tempo disponível e ao facto de nem sempre estarem explicitas no programa. Concluímos que os alunos demonstram pensamento crítico e têm sensibilidade para o apelo à mudança no que respeita às questões ambientais, embora estas devam ser incluídas intencionalmente nas prática educativas para formar cidadãos com maior literacia ambiental e mais capacidade de participação ativa na sociedade, exercendo a sua cidadania plena.
Implicaciones del turismo masivo en un destino de cruceros
Authors: Sanz Blas Silvia , Buzova Daniela , Garrigós-Simón Fernando , Narangajavana Kaosiri Yeamduan
Published: February 2021

Una de las tipologías turísticas que pueden generar mayores problemas de masificación turística es el turismo de cruceros, dada la gran cantidad de personas que desembarcan en un puerto de escala para la visita del destino. Por este motivo, el presente trabajo tiene por objetivo analizar la percepción de masificación turística del turista de cruceros que visita un importante puerto de escala del mediterráneo y como la misma influye en su satisfacción con la visita realizada. Para ello, usando modelos de ecuaciones estructurales, y a partir de una muestra de cruceristas, se testa el modelo propuesto en la presente investigación. Los resultados indican que de las dos tipologías de masificación turística analizadas (humana y espacial), es la masificación espacial la que contribuye en mayor medida a la percepción de masificación turística. Además, se observa que la percepción de masificación afecta a la satisfacción del turista, aunque su efecto en esta tipología de turistas es bastante débil. Los resultados sugieren implicaciones relevantes para los gestores turísticos del destinos.
O impacto do COVID-19 em educação pré-escolar: análise das estratégias desenvolvidas
Authors: Mesquita Cristina , Ribeiro Cristiana , Loureiro Ana Claudia , Lopes Rui Pedro
Published: February 2021

A situação pandémica provocada pelo COVID19 tem vindo a promover a necessidade de um reajustamento social, alterando muitas das dinâmicas internacionais em muitos setores de atividade. A necessidade de controlar o avanço e disseminação do contágio levou as autoridades de saúde a desaconselhar encontros e sessões presenciais, por exemplo, em instituições de educação e ensino. As escolas tiveram que se readaptar tendo em conta a necessidade de garantir a aprendizagem das crianças e jovens. Esta readaptação conduziu a formas de contacto não presencial, utilizando dispositivos tecnológicos que potenciam o ensino à distância. O recurso a este tipo de tecnologias requer um mínimo de competências tecnológicas e digitais e uma adequação dos processos de educação e ensino, muito centrados na autonomia e autoaprendizagem das crianças e dos jovens. Alguns autores argumentam que o tipo e a abertura ao uso de determinada tecnologia são influenciados pelas conceções que as organizações escolares e os educadores de infância têm sobre o desenvolvimento e a aprendizagem das crianças e sobre o papel dos agentes educativos. Contudo, nos contextos educativos onde os processos de ensino-aprendizagem são mais focados no educador e/ou professor, as tecnologias tendem a ser menos valorizadas e, quando usadas, geralmente traduzem-se em sessões puramente tecnicistas. Em outros contextos, que utilizam metodologias ativas e formas participativas de aprendizagem, as tecnologias são usadas para promover a autonomia e a interação com plataformas e programas aliciantes e construtivos, como recurso pedagógico para a aprendizagem. Atendendo à diversidade de realidades que as instituições de educação pré-escolar apresentam, este estudo visa saber como é que os educadores de infância experimentaram profissionalmente o período de confinamento físico e quais as estratégias que as instituições usaram para colmatar as dificuldades provocadas pela situação pandémica. Mais especificamente, pretendemos saber como é que os educadores de infância estabeleceram interações à distância com as crianças, de forma a promover a sua aprendizagem. Trata-se de uma investigação que recorreu ao questionário como instrumento de recolha de dados, do qual se obtiveram 502 respostas. Procedeu-se, posteriormente à análise estatística descritiva, na análise das questões de escolha múltipla e análise de conteúdo para a interpretação das respostas abertas. Deste estudo, salienta-se que nem todos os educadores de infância tiveram contacto com o grupo de crianças, nem com as suas famílias. Na maioria dos casos os educadores de infância planificaram atividades para os pais realizarem com as crianças. O apoio das instituições foi incipiente. O uso de tecnologias e programas que podem apoiar as famílias, sob a orientação dos educadores é ainda uma realidade difícil de concretizar
Prevalence of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene polymorphisms (C677T, and A1298C) among Saudi children receiving dental treatment
Authors: Bagher Amina M. , Young Alexander P. , Neamatallah Thikryat , Al-Amoudi Reham M. , Bagher Sara M. , Denovan-Wright Eileen M.
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND:

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, the encoded by the
MTHFR
gene, plays a crucial role in converting the amino acid homocysteine to methionine. Two polymorphisms of the
MTHFR
gene, C677T and A1298C, reportedly reduce enzyme activity, resulting in hyperhomocysteinemia. Patients with C677T and A1298C polymorphisms may be at higher risk for developing abnormal hyperhomocysteinemia, which has been linked to catastrophic neurological including fatal outcomes.

OBJECTIVE:

Determine the prevalence of the
MTHFR
gene variants C677T and A1298C among pediatric dental patients treated at King Abdulaziz University Hospital.

DESIGN:

Cross-sectional.

SETTING:

Clinics of pediatric dentistry department.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS:

Healthy Saudi children 6–12 years old with no known allergies were screened for eligibility between May and December 2019. A single investigator collected saliva samples. The
MTHFR
C677T and A1298C polymorphisms were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:

The prevalence of
MTHFR
gene variants (C677T and A1298C) among the subjects.

SAMPLE SIZE:

138.

RESULTS:

MTHFR
C677T polymorphism was present in 36.2% of the sample and 90.0% of children carrying this allele were heterozygotes.
MTHFR
A1298C polymorphism was present in 91.3% of the sample and 77.0% of the children carrying this allele were heterozygotes. No linkage disequilibrium between
MTHFR
C677T and
MTHFR
A1298C was observed within this sample.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study found a high frequency of the
MTHFR
A1298C genotype, which was substantially more abundant than expected based on a Hardy-Weinberg distribution. Therefore, caution is advised in using N
2
O in Saudi children as the increased prevalence of this
MTHFR
allele may increase the incidence of serious adverse effects among these children.

LIMITATIONS:

Further studies are recommended with a larger sample size from randomly selected hospitals from different regions of Saudi Arabia.

CONFLICT OF INTEREST:

None.