bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
South Africa's susceptibility to financial crises
Authors: Cockeran Henry , Krugell Waldo
Published: February 2018

South Africa has to address the challenges of slow economic growth, poverty, and inequality in the face of precarious macroeconomic imbalances
Forecasting financial variables using artificial neural networks - dynamic factor model
Authors: Babikir Ali , Mwambi Henry
Published: February 2018

In this paper we introduce a new model that uses the dynamic factor model (DFM) framework combined with artificial neural network (ANN) analysis, which accommodates a large cross-section of financial and macroeconomic time series for forecasting. In our new ANN-DF model we use the factor model to extract factors from ANNs in sample forecasts for each single series of the dataset, which contains 228 monthly series. These factors are then used as explanatory variables in order to produce more accurate forecasts. We apply this new model to forecast three South African variables, namely, Rate on three-month trade financing, Lending rate and Short-term interest rate in the period 1992:1 to 2011:12. The model comparison results, based on the root mean square errors of three, six and twelve months ahead out-of-sample forecasts over the period 2007:1 to 2011:12 indicate that, in all of the cases, the ANN-DFM and the DFM statistically outperform the autoregressive (AR) models. In the majority of cases the ANN-DFM outperforms the DFM. The results indicate the usefulness of the factors in forecasting performance. The RMSE results are confirmed by the test of equality of forecast accuracy proposed by Diebold-Mariano.
Income tax implications from the transfer of soccer players in South Africa
Authors: Makhaya Siphamandla , Barnard Lizanne
Published: February 2018

Sports clubs often trade players with each other through the player transfer system. Using the doctrinal research methodology, which involves an extended review of literature, the study aims at providing an interpretative analysis of the income tax implications from the transfer of professional soccer players between professional soccer clubs, based on the Income Tax Act 58 of 1962 (South Africa, 1962) (hereafter the Act) and the relevant case law. This study further provides hypothetical case studies that provide different scenarios of soccer player transfers and the analysis of the income tax implications arising from the facts presented in each case study.
Cloud computing activities: Guidelines on the South African income tax classification
Authors: Steenkamp Shené , Nel Rudie
Published: February 2018

The classification of income from cloud computing activities, according to the substance-over-form doctrine, is fundamental to the application of the correct taxation source test. The designation of IaaS, PaaS and SaaS, the three main cloud computing service models, clearly denotes the form of cloud computing activities as that of a service. However, the nature of cloud computing inherently raises the question of whether or not cloud computing income should not rather be classified as income from leasing activities or the imparting of know-how. In fact, the findings of this study suggest the classification would not necessarily always be that of a service. The possible classification as lease income can be either income from the lease of tangible computer hardware and/or of intellectual property (royalty income). The aim of this study was to formulate guidelines to assist in the correct classification of income from cloud computing activities. This was achieved by performing doctrinal research based on the South African and international literature.
The integration of information and information technology in accounting education: Effects on student performance
Authors: Eloff Anne-Marie
Published: February 2018

The role of chartered accountants in commerce has radically changed over the last decade. Regrettably, tertiary accounting education has not been able to keep up with these changes, resulting in a gap between the skills taught by universities and the skills required by commerce. To reduce this gap, SAICA issued the Competency Framework in 2010 which requires, in addition to the technical knowledge that chartered accountants are best known for, pervasive skills that all chartered accountants should possess upon entering the profession. However, the integration of these pervasive skills with the technical core subjects taught to accountancy students is limited. This article investigated whether one of the listed pervasive skills (namely competency in information and information technology) can successfully be integrated with a technical core subject (namely financial accounting) in such a way that the technical knowledge of the student is improved due to the integration. A Microsoft Excel consolidation model was created and presented to students to complete. Formal assessments and a questionnaire were used to determine whether the completion of the Microsoft Excel consolidation model, affected students’ performance. The results showed that the completion of the consolidation model improved students’ understanding of financial accounting.
Evaluation of Buccal Cortical Bone Thickness in Wet Mandibles from Cadavers Using Computed Tomography Scan and Stereomicroscope
Authors: Shethiya Kyumi Vinod , Vichare Gauri S.
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Cortical bone thickness is an important factor in mini implant stability. Many studies have evaluated cortical bone thickness by different methods, but this study is a step ahead in measuring cortical bone in wet mandibles from cadavers comparing thickness values from computed tomograms to images from a stereomicroscope (SM). In this study, we investigated buccal cortical bone thickness at three interdental areas using computed tomography (CT) scan and SM.

Methods

From the CT scans of 30 wet human cadaveric mandibles, 2-dimensional slices through three interdental area (mesial of canine, interpremolar, and inter-molar) were generated. On these, cortical bone thickness was measured at 2, 4, and 6 mm from the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). The cortical bone thickness at same areas was compared with an SM.

Results

By both methods, it was observed that thickness of cortical bone increased from mesial of canines toward the premolar region and then decreased in the molar region. Increase in thickness of cortical bone was observed with increase in height from the CEJ toward the apical region up to 6 mm. CT scans underestimated the measurements as compared to the SM method.

Conclusions

The mean buccal cortical bone thickness at all interdental sites at 2, 4, and 6 mm from CEJ was 1.7 ± 0.4 by the CT scan method and 1.9 ± 0.5 by the SM method, indicating that results observed with the CT method were underestimated by 11% than SM method.
Technical note: Influence of surface roughness and local turbulence on coated-wall flow tube experiments for gas uptake and kinetic studies
Authors: Li Guo , Su Hang , Kuhn Uwe , Meusel Hannah , Ammann Markus , Shao Min , Pöschl Ulrich , Cheng Yafang
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Coated-wall flow tube reactors are frequently used to investigate gas uptake and heterogeneous or multiphase reaction kinetics under laminar flow conditions. Coating surface roughness may potentially distort the laminar flow pattern, induce turbulence and introduce uncertainties in the calculated uptake coefficient based on molecular diffusion assumptions (e.g., Brown/Cooney–Kim–Davis (CKD)/Knopf–Pöschl–Shiraiwa (KPS) methods), which has not been fully resolved in earlier studies. Here, we investigate the influence of surface roughness and local turbulence on coated-wall flow tube experiments for gas uptake and kinetic studies. According to laminar boundary theory and considering the specific flow conditions in a coated-wall flow tube, we derive and propose a critical height δc to evaluate turbulence effects in the design and analysis of coated-wall flow tube experiments. If a geometric coating thickness δg is larger than δc, the roughness elements of the coating may cause local turbulence and result in overestimation of the real uptake coefficient (γ). We further develop modified CKD/KPS methods (i.e., CKD-LT/KPS-LT) to account for roughness-induced local turbulence effects. By combination of the original methods and their modified versions, the maximum error range of γCKD (derived with the CKD method) or γKPS (derived with the KPS method) can be quantified and finally γ can be constrained. When turbulence is generated, γCKD or γKPS can bear large difference compared to γ. Their difference becomes smaller for gas reactants with lower uptake (i.e., smaller γ) and/or for a smaller ratio of the geometric coating thickness to the flow tube radius (δg ∕ R0). On the other hand, the critical height δc can also be adjusted by optimizing flow tube configurations and operating conditions (i.e., tube diameter, length, and flow velocity), to ensure not only unaffected laminar flow patterns but also other specific requirements for an individual flow tube experiment. We use coating thickness values from previous coated-wall flow tube studies to assess potential roughness effects using the δc criterion. In most studies, the coating thickness was sufficiently small to avoid complications, but some may have been influenced by surface roughness and local turbulence effects.
Molecular and physical characteristics of aerosol at a remote marine free troposphere site: Implications for atmospheric aging
Authors: Schum Simeon K. , Zhang Bo , Dzepina Katja , Fialho Paulo , Mazzoleni Claudio , Mazzoleni Lynn R.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Aerosol properties are transformed by atmospheric processes during long-range transport and play a key role in the Earth's radiative balance. To understand the molecular and physical characteristics of free tropospheric aerosol, we studied samples collected at the Pico Mountain Observatory in the North Atlantic. The observatory is located in the marine free troposphere at 2225 m above sea level, on Pico Island in the Azores archipelago. The site is ideal for the study of long-range transported free tropospheric aerosol with minimal local influence. Three aerosol samples with elevated organic carbon concentrations were selected for detailed analysis. FLEXPART retroplumes indicated that two of the samples were influenced by North American wildfire emissions transported in the free troposphere and one by North American outflow mainly transported within the marine boundary layer. To determine the molecular composition of the samples, we used ultrahigh resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Thousands of molecular formulas were assigned to each of the individual samples. On average ~ 60 % of the molecular formulas contained only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms (CHO), ~ 30 % contained nitrogen (CHNO), and ~ 10 % contained sulfur (CHOS). The molecular formula composition of the two wildfire influenced aerosol samples transported mainly in the free troposphere had relatively low average O/C ratios (0.46 ± 0.12 and 0.47 ± 0.15) despite 7–10 days of transport time according to FLEXPART. However, the molecular composition of the North American outflow transported mainly in the boundary layer had a higher average O/C ratio (0.55 ± 0.19) with 3 days of transport time. Thus, aerosol oxidation appears to be related to environmental factors during transport and not simply aging time. Meteorological conditions extracted from GFS analysis for model grids along the FLEXPART simulated transport pathways and the observed molecular chemistry were used to predict the phase state of the aerosol samples, indicating that the aerosol transported in the free troposphere was more likely to be solid and therefore less oxidized than the aerosol transported in the boundary layer. This suggests that biomass burning emissions injected into the free troposphere are longer-lived than emissions in the boundary layer.
VESPA-22: a ground-based microwave spectrometer for long-term measurements of polar stratospheric water vapor
Authors: Mevi Gabriele , Muscari Giovanni , Bertagnolio Pietro Paolo , Fiorucci Irene , Pace Giandomenico
Published: February 2018

Abstract. The new ground-based
22 GHz spectrometer, VESPA-22 (water Vapor Emission Spectrometer for
Polar Atmosphere at 22 GHz) measures the 22.23 GHz water
vapor emission line with a bandwidth of 500 MHz and a frequency
resolution of 31 kHz. The integration time for a measurement ranges
from 6 to 24 h, depending on season and weather conditions. Water vapor
spectra are collected using the beam-switching technique. VESPA-22 is
designed to operate automatically with little maintenance; it employs an
uncooled front-end characterized by a receiver temperature of about
180 K and its quasi-optical system presents a full width at half
maximum of 3.5∘. Every 30 min VESPA-22 measures also the sky opacity
using the tipping curve technique. The instrument calibration is performed
automatically by a noise diode; the emission temperature of this element is
estimated twice an hour by observing alternatively a black body at ambient
temperature and the sky at an elevation of 60∘. The retrieved
profiles obtained inverting 24 h integration spectra present a sensitivity
larger than 0.8 from about 25 to 75 km of altitude during winter and
from about 30 to 65 km during summer, a vertical resolution from
about 12 to 23 km (depending on altitude), and an overall 1σ
uncertainty lower than 7 % up to 60 km altitude and rapidly
increasing to 20 % at 75 km. In July 2016, VESPA-22 was installed at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric
Observatory located at Thule Air Base (76.5∘ N, 68.8∘ W),
Greenland, and it has been operating almost continuously since then. The
VESPA-22 water vapor mixing ratio vertical profiles discussed in this work
are obtained from 24 h averaged spectra and are compared with version 4.2 of
concurrent Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) water vapor vertical profiles.
In the sensitivity range of VESPA-22 retrievals, the intercomparison from
July 2016 to July 2017 between VESPA-22 dataset and Aura/MLS dataset
convolved with VESPA-22 averaging kernels shows an average difference within
1.4 % up to 60 km altitude and increasing to about 6 %
(0.2 ppmv) at 72 km.
HOVERCAT: A novel aerial system for evaluation of aerosol-cloud interactions
Authors: Creamean Jessie M. , Primm Katherine M. , Tolbert Margaret A. , Hall Emrys G. , Wendell Jim , Jordan Allen , Sheridan Patrick J. , Smith Jedediah , Schnell Russell C.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Aerosols have a profound impact on cloud microphysics through their ability to serve as ice nucleating particles (INPs). As a result, cloud radiative properties and precipitation processes are modulated by such aerosol-cloud interactions. However, one of the largest uncertainties associated with atmospheric processes is the indirect effect of aerosols on clouds. The need for more advanced observations of INPs in the atmospheric vertical profile is apparent, yet most ice nucleation measurements are conducted at the ground or during infrequent and intensive airborne field campaigns. Here, we describe a novel measurement platform that is less expensive and smaller (
Modelling potential production of macroalgae farms in UK and Dutch coastal waters
Authors: van der Molen Johan , Ruardij Piet , Mooney Karen , Kerrison Philip , O'Connor Nessa E. , Gorman Emma , Timmermans Klaas , Wright Serena , Kelly Maeve , Hughes Adam D. , Capuzzo Elisa
Published: February 2018

Abstract. There is increasing interest in macroalgae farming in European waters for a range of applications, including food, chemical extraction for biofuel production. This study uses a 3-D numerical model of hydrodynamics and biogeochemistry to investigate potential production and environmental effects of macroalgae farming in UK and Dutch coastal waters. The model included four experimental farms in different coastal settings in Strangford Lough (Northern Ireland), in Sound of Kerrera and Lynn of Lorne (north-west Scotland) and in the Rhine plume (the Netherlands), as well as a hypothetical large-scale farm off the UK north Norfolk coast. The model could not detect significant changes in biogeochemistry and plankton dynamics at any of the farm sites averaged over the farming season. The results showed a range of macroalgae growth behaviours in response to simulated environmental conditions. These were then compared with in situ observations where available, showing good correspondence for some farms and less good correspondence for others. At the most basic level, macroalgae production depended on prevailing nutrient concentrations and light conditions, with higher levels of both resulting in higher macroalgae production. It is shown that under non-elevated and interannually varying winter nutrient conditions, farming success was modulated by the timings of the onset of increasing nutrient concentrations in autumn and nutrient drawdown in spring. Macroalgae carbohydrate content also depended on nutrient concentrations, with higher nutrient concentrations leading to lower carbohydrate content at harvest. This will reduce the energy density of the crop and thus affect its suitability for conversion into biofuel. For the hypothetical large-scale macroalgae farm off the UK north Norfolk coast, the model suggested high, stable farm yields of macroalgae from year to year with substantial carbohydrate content and limited environmental effects.
Microwave implementation of two-source energy balance approach for estimating evapotranspiration
Authors: Holmes Thomas R. H. , Hain Christopher R. , Crow Wade T. , Anderson Martha C. , Kustas William P.
Published: February 2018

Abstract. A newly developed microwave (MW) land surface temperature (LST)
product is used to substitute thermal infrared (TIR)-based LST in the
Atmosphere–Land Exchange Inverse (ALEXI) modeling framework for estimating
evapotranspiration (ET) from space. ALEXI implements a two-source energy balance (TSEB) land
surface scheme in a time-differential approach, designed to minimize
sensitivity to absolute biases in input records of LST through the analysis
of the rate of temperature change in the morning. Thermal infrared
retrievals of the diurnal LST curve, traditionally from geostationary
platforms, are hindered by cloud cover, reducing model coverage on any given
day. This study tests the utility of diurnal temperature information
retrieved from a constellation of satellites with microwave radiometers that
together provide six to eight observations of Ka-band brightness temperature per
location per day. This represents the first ever attempt at a global
implementation of ALEXI with MW-based LST and is intended as the first step
towards providing all-weather capability to the ALEXI framework. The analysis is based on 9-year-long, global records of ALEXI ET generated
using both MW- and TIR-based diurnal LST information as input. In this study,
the MW-LST (MW-based LST) sampling is restricted to the same clear-sky days
as in the IR-based implementation to be able to analyze the impact of
changing the LST dataset separately from the impact of sampling all-sky
conditions. The results show that long-term bulk ET estimates from both LST
sources agree well, with a spatial correlation of 92 % for total ET in the
Europe–Africa domain and agreement in seasonal (3-month) totals of
83–97 % depending on the time of year. Most importantly, the ALEXI-MW (MW-based ALEXI) also matches ALEXI-IR (IR-based ALEXI) very closely in terms of 3-month inter-annual anomalies,
demonstrating its ability to capture the development and extent of drought
conditions. Weekly ET output from the two parallel ALEXI implementations is
further compared to a common ground measured reference provided by the
Fluxnet consortium. Overall, the two model
implementations generate similar performance metrics (correlation and RMSE)
for all but the most challenging sites in terms of spatial heterogeneity and
level of aridity. It is concluded that a constellation of MW satellites can
effectively be used to provide LST for estimating ET through ALEXI, which is
an important step towards all-sky satellite-based retrieval of ET using an
energy balance framework.
La obra de Rubén Darío en el juicio juvenil de Mario Vargas Llosa
Authors: Chang-Rodríguez Raquel
Published: February 2018

La huella de Darío es lo bastante profunda como para que en la segunda mitad del siglo XX su figura siga siendo revisada por los grandes de la literatura hispanoamericana. Ejemplo de ellos son los comentarios y reflexiones realizadas por el Premio Nobel Mario Vargas Llosa, que ya le mencionara en El pez en el agua, donde explica Vargas Llosa cómo descubrió al Darío “esencial y desgarrado, el fundador de la poesía moderna”, en un seminario dictado por Luis Alberto Sánchez en 1956
Factors Influencing Women Entrepreneurs’Business Success in Somalia
Authors: Guled Nimco Salah , Kaplan Burcin
Published: February 2018

Globalization has dramatically changed the role of opposite genders in world business. Today women entrepreneurship is increasing significantly in all over the world. However, it is widely recognized that women entrepreneurship is not only important for economic growth but also vital to improve the living standard of societies. Despite of these facts, women’s contribution in entrepreneurship is lower than men’s in nearly all societies and various factors are effecting on their success. Thus, the purpose of this study is to elaborate the factors such as financial capital, fund support, socio economic influence, market & network and government influence on the success of women entrepreneurs business in Somalia. Nonetheless to identify these factors impact, researcher chose quantitative research base study with primary data. Women entrepreneurs from SME (Small & Medium Enterprises) in Somalia were selected as target sample and total of 100 sample size was chosen. Questionnaire was used as instrumentation of data collection. Additionally, convenience sampling was carried out to select target respondents for collect the data. Moreover, Bivariate and reliability analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS (statistical Package for social sciences) for data analysis. Main findings reveals that government support, market& network, fund support and market & network factors are significantly impact on women entrepreneur in Somalia. Moreover no significant impact was found for the socio economic factors on women entrepreneur business success.
Grammatical versus lexical words in theory and aphasia: Integrating linguistics and neurolinguistics
Authors: Boye Kasper , Bastiaanse Roelien
Published: February 2018

The distinction between grammatical and lexical words is standardly dealt with in terms of a semantic distinction between function and content words or in terms of distributional distinctions between closed and open classes. This paper argues that such distinctions fall short in several respects, and that the grammar-lexicon distinction applies even within the same word class. The argument is based on a recent functional and usage-based theory of the grammar-lexicon distinction (Boye & Harder 2012) and on the assumption that aphasic speech data represent the ideal testing ground for theories and claims about this contrast. A theoretically-based distinction between grammatical and lexical instances of Dutch modal verb forms and the verb form hebben was confronted with agrammatic and fluent aphasic speech. A dissociation between the two aphasia types was predicted and confirmed.
Crime and Discrimination in the Labor Market: An Empirical Approach
Authors: Loureiro Paulo R. A. , Mendonça Mario J. C. , Sachsida Adolfo , Junior Antônio Nascimento , Ellery Roberto , Moreira Tito Belchior Silva
Published: February 2018

This paper investigates the existence of wage discrimination to inmates. Based on data collected from the Coordination Center for the Execution of Penalties and Alternative Measures (CEPEMA) for people serving in an open prison in Brasília (DF), a comparative approach was conducted with data collected from PNAD. It was then possible to verify using the decomposition process of Oaxaca-Ransom that there is statistical discrimination regarding to ex-convicts in the job market. Furthermore, it has been noticed that the full labor market participation of prisoners seems to be compromised to the extent that the empiricalresults support the assumption of Nagin and Waldfogel (1993). It indicates that access of the individual who been in prison to the job market is limited to the so-called spot market or temporary labor market. This segment of the labor market should not be confused with the so-called part time.Thus, one of the negative effects that can be understood from this is a reduction in the current value of the individual's discounted income, since long-term jobs are those that offer higher income perspectives.
Analysis of Growth Parameters for Crop Vegetables under Broad and Narrow LED Spectra and Fluorescent Light Tubes at Different PPFs
Authors: Peixe Augusto , Ribeiro Hugo , Ribeiro Augusto , Soares Marco , Machado Rui , Rato Ana E. , Coelho Renato
Published: February 2018

Several physiological and yield parameters were evaluated in lettuce plants, cv. ‘Trocadero’, while growing at four different photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) (70, 120, 250 and 400 ± 10 µmol m-2 s-1), under four light spectra, white (W), red (R) and blue (B) Light-Emitting Diode (LED) lamps and cool white fluorescent tubes (FL). Yield parameters were also evaluated on spinach, turnip and radish, growing under identical light spectra but using a single PPF (340 ± 10 µmol m-2 s-1). Lettuce development was impaired at PPFs below 250 µmol m-2 s-1 for all tested spectra. At higher PPFs (250 and 400 ± 10 µmol m-2 s-1), for the two broad spectra tested (W LEDs and FL light), no significant differences were registered on all physiological and yield parameters evaluated. On all situations W LEDs performed, at least, as good as the FL light, indicating that actual W LEDs can efficiently replace traditional light sources, with all the inherent benefits, which include significant lower power consumption. For all species, narrow light spectra (R and B LEDs) proved not being able to provide normal plant development. Plants under R LEDs, although presenting, in some situations, a fresh weight higher than those achieved with the broad light spectra, always led to abnormal plant morphology, characterized by expanded petioles and leaf curling. B LEDs, in spite of promoting plant growth with normal morphology, frequently led to a lower number of leaves and consequently to a lower fresh weight.
Life cycle assessment of technical
systems taking into consideration
degradation processes in materials
of constructions
Authors: Stotsko Z. , Kuzin M.
Published: February 2018

Purpose: In the engineering analysis and transport forensic examination, there are often
arise problems in establishing the causes and mechanism for the destruction of structural
elements. At the moment, such problems are poorly formalized and practically do not
take into account the degradation of the material and the gradient of its properties when
destroyed. The purpose of this article was to build a methodology for determining the
distribution of material properties at the initial time and establishing its compliance with the
requirements of regulatory documentation.
Design/methodology/approach: As a technique for solving the problem, was proposed
the expansion of a function in a given basis with subsequent refinement of the solution using
iterative algorithmic schemes.
Findings: Using the developed approaches, it is established that in the surface layers of
12X18H10T steel (AISI 321), after technological modification under the conditions of laser
doping, functional-gradient layers are formed with the material viscosity level characteristics
at 0.8, which corresponds to the established norms, and their destruction occurred as a
result of excessive loads.
Practical implications: With the using of the developed methods makes it possible
to solve the problem of technical forensic examination to determine compliance to the
requirements the properties of functional gradient materials in initial time.
Originality/value: The technique of solving inverse problems of fracture mechanics for
functional gradient materials is shown for the first time.
Modais logísticos e a sua importância para a o agronegócio brasileiro: uma revisão bibliográfica
Authors: Foguesatto Cristian Rogério , Artuzo Felipe Dalzotto , Bueno Wagner Pietrobelli , Machado João Armando Dessimon
Published: February 2018

O agronegócio tem papel de destaque no cenário brasileiro. Seu desempenho envolve o deslocamento de matérias-primas e produtos acabados até o consumidor final, o que é realizado por meio dos canais de suprimento e distribuição (modais logísticos). Com esse enfoque, a pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico a partir de estudos indexados na base de dados do Scielo (Scientific Eletronic Library Online) que abordem temáticas que relacionem os canais de suprimento e distribuição com o agronegócio brasileiro de forma geral, a fim de identificar o nome dos periódicos, o anos em que ocorreram as publicações, as palavras-chave mais utilizadas, as fontes de dados, os autores que estudam esse tema e suas conclusões. As seguintes palavras-chave foram utilizadas nos campos de buscas disponíveis: logística, canais de suprimentos, canais de distribuição, custos de transporte e modais logísticos. Dessa forma, foram encontrados 24 artigos em sete periódicos: Gestão e Produção, Revista de Economia e Sociologia Rural, Revista de Administração Contemporânea, Journal of Transport Literature, Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Produção e Revista Brasileira de Economia. Os artigos destacam principalmente a intermodalidade de transportes como estratégias na maximização do desempenho logístico; a importância das ferrovias no deslocamento de commodities voltadas para exportação e a criação de modelos de programação linear e de metas com o objetivo de criar modelos satisfatórios nos canais de distribuição.
Los registros de autoridades personales de la comunidad bibliotecaria revisitados en la web semántica
Authors: Garzón-Farinós Fernanda , Peset Mancebo Fernanda
Published: February 2018

Se plantea cómo la comunidad bibliotecaria gestiona información en paralelo con otros sectores profesionales del mundo web. Las herramientas y vocabularios controlados desarrollados en las bibliotecas aplican similares tecnologías que son el cimiento de la web semántica, las ontologías. Abordan los problemas que subyacen a la sobrecarga de información digital, ayudando a controlar y contextualizar los datos. Este texto propone un modelo de formatos de exportación que facilita el intercambio de datos de autoridades entre sistemas de información, en la biblioteca digital VESTIGIUM. Con este propósito se crea el patrón de la Tabla autor, que cumple con las premisas de publicación de Linked Data (LD): los cuatro principios básicos definidos por Berners-Lee para la publicación de LD y así, asegura la visibilidad y contextualiza la  información, creando un prototipo interoperable de datos biográficos.
La influencia de las tecnologías de la información y comunicación en la distribución comercial en el pequeño comercio independiente
Authors: García Guardía María Luisa , Alcaraz LLadró Antonio , García García Francisco
Published: February 2018

In sales distribution we find ourselves in an ever-changing, sophisticated and complex environment, both in the Spanish and international markets. From the birth of the European Union, the number of sales transactions between countries have increased year after year, with multinational companies having more presence in the Spanish market, and the commercial relations of National Companies abroad turning them into multinational companies. In the last few decades a great and different industrial and commercial concentration has come about according to the type of country, sector, emerging economies, …, which has caused commercial relations to become more and more complex and interactive, and information technology and communication to have a greater presence, relevance and value. This concentration in the companies is motivated by various factors, among which are included: the diversification of sales and economic risks, the expansion and development of the market, being more competitive, dominating, productive and profitable. Companies have a wide range of products and services, they are continually developing new products, seeking new market niches, creating new purchasing habits, setting trends in consumption, researching the needs of customers and consumers, planning operative profits, developing models of global and universal commercialisation and communication. Each day the functions of intermediation are more complex among the sectors of production and consumption. Sales distribution, as a bridge between production and consumption, along with its economic and social repercussions, causes the flow between the links of the industrial-commercial-client-consumer chain to be more sophisticated and numerous. Knowledge of products, make up, benefits, sales offers, promotional and marketing activities, geographical location, profile of clients, markets, …, in short, everything related to the business and sales activity cause this Chain to be an object of study, wide in contents and combinations, giving rise to multiple scenarios, participants and determining factors. Given the magnitude of this environment, this research is going to focus on the analysis of communication between sales networks with the client through Information and Communication Technology (ICT), in order to improve the distribution and commercialisation of the products within the national market of small independent commerce.
Estimación de los efectos de la publicidad en las ventas. Un análisis empírico en España y Alemania
Authors: Sánchez Herrera Joaquín , Pintado Blanco Teresa , Avelló Iturriagagoitia María , Abril Barrie Carmen
Published: February 2018

Making reliable models has been one of the greatest concerns of the planning process in marketing in general, and communication in particular. Although some of the techniques used until now can be applied to such an end, the truth is that their results have not always satisfied the expectations of the company’s management. In this investigation we propose the need and possibility of knowing the influence of advertising on sales, although it could also be applied to other marketing variables. In order to do so, we have used panel data with an international perspective, delving specifically into the cases of Spain and Germany. The analysis has been carried out by means of neuronal networks, whose characteristics make them ideal for solving these kinds of problems.
La telebasura como fenómeno periodístico y social. Análisis del tratamiento informativo en El País y en El Mundo
Authors: Martí Sánchez Myriam
Published: February 2018

The academic reference framework of this investigation is the official incorporation of the expression “junk TV” in the Royal Academy Dictionary of Spanish Language (DRAE) in 2001, defined as “a set of contents of low quality». Its popular use, however, began a decade before for denominating American reality shows, some entertainment programmes of transalpine origin and the interminable South American soap operas which are firmly installed in the morning slot. Along with the critique of the content quality degeneration, a certain social concern began to grow, encouraged by the progressive moral degradation of some programmes and their showing during children’s viewing time, which led to initiatives such as the removal of advertising in some programmes which are considered to be “junk TV.” Therefore, this work aims to assess in what measure the informative treatment of a reality such as junk TV, which concerns Spanish society, is handled. In order to do so, we chose the “content analysis” method of study from which we have obtained the registry units which include the term “junk TV” from El País and El Mundo newspapers from 1993 to 2006. As happens with most investigations in relation to media contents, the number of messages is so vast that it defies any analysis. Therefore, we have selected a representative sample using the “constructed week” method. The conclusions show the keys which have determined the journalistic handling of junk TV in the press.
Importancia de la figura del Planner: sus compentecias reales. Aportación y evolución como representante del consumidor en las empresas publicitarias
Authors: Núñez Gómez Patricia , García Guardia Mª Luisa , Llorente Carmen
Published: February 2018

In the 1990s, Spanish advertising companies started using strategic planning professionals and in particular, those called Strategic Planners, as an answer to the need for a more scientific rather than “intuitive” method when it comes to solving the various advertising problems. (Zambardino, A. & Goodfellow, J., 2003) The aim of the study is to analyse the role of the Strategic Planner as a developer of the work methods in the company and to study the relationships of the Planner on an inter- and extra-departmental level. An online survey was carried out on a cross-section of 150 professionals from different areas: advertisers, agencies, media and researchers. The result was a functional descriptive analysis of the tasks carried out by professionals of Strategic Planning. A statistical analysis of the resulting data from the research was carried out, presented in a set of graphs, which facilitated the study and later interpretation of the results obtained. The visual representation of the results allowed us to glean the following information: Based on the results obtained, it can be said that the different players recognise the existence of the figure of the Strategic Planner, which has generated changes in ways and methods of working: it improves the communication in the company, brands and products, and contributes therefore to the messages being more efficient. The possible repercussion of the research presented is that of professionally dignifying and introducing more intensely the figure of the Planner into the area of communication.
Malpractice: Causes and Disputes Resolution Choices
Authors: Widjaja Gunawan , Ayuningtyas Dumilah
Published: February 2018

Abstract. With respect to medical malpractice, even though it is widely used and spoken, formally there is no clear neither equivocal definition ever made. Even from the point of view of law and healthcare experts, the use of malpractice term in healthcare is still unclear. This thesis conducts literatures review and experts interview in order to find out and determine the definition of medical malpractice. This thesis also tries to find the criteria, kinds, causes, evidence to be used in malpractice lawsuits, and forum selection in resolving malpractice disputes in healthcare. This thesis provides input that in principle the legal relation in providing medical service shall be seen as contractual relation.Keywords: malpractice, medicine, healthcare, private law, law of obligation, contract law
The Effectiveness of The Posyandu and Its Relation to Leadership and Management
Authors: Maryati Husnah , Permanasari Vety
Published: February 2018

Abstract. Data on infant mortality in the city of Bogor has increased from 26 to be 62 cases in 2013. Posyandu is one of the facility in a society that runs the health program where one goal is carrying out activities to accelerate the decline in the death rate of mothers and babies. The problems at posyandu in Bogor is the number of active cadres continue to decline while cadre recruitment insufficient, and less active of the function of The National Working team of posyandu. The report of newborn deaths by 2013 and 2014 stated that more than half (55 and 52.7 percent) posyandu where there were cases of infant death were posyandu at first and medium development level. This research would like to see how the effectiveness of the leadership factor (communication, competence), management functions (planning, organizing, implementing and controlling), work environment (system support, availability, the availability of means of support and incentives) as well as the characteristics of respondents (posyandu classification, age, number of years served and the work) to mass based activities (UKBM) in Posyandu. We used a cross sectional design. About 70 posyandu chairman cadres as the respondents. This research resulted in the most decisive factor, namely the competence of the chairman of cadres. Knowledge and competence of cadres is already good and should continue to be maintained. The Division of duties and authorities which are clearly made in the region of posyandu organization Bogor City is already good (average rating scale 6.19). The strength of leadership and good management at the operational level of posyandu makes posyandu is more effective in achieving the objectives. There is a relationship between variables, functions, management leadership, the working environment and the characteristics of the respondents against the effectiveness of the posyandu.Keywords: effectiveness of Posyandu, leadership, management functions and the work environment
CATaDa reveals global remodelling of chromatin accessibility during stem cell differentiation in vivo
Authors: Aughey Gabriel N , Estacio Gomez Alicia , Thomson Jamie , Yin Hang , Southall Tony D
Published: February 2018

During development eukaryotic gene expression is coordinated by dynamic changes in chromatin structure. Measurements of accessible chromatin are used extensively to identify genomic regulatory elements. Whilst chromatin landscapes of pluripotent stem cells are well characterised, chromatin accessibility changes in the development of somatic lineages are not well defined. Here we show that cell-specific chromatin accessibility data can be produced via ectopic expression of E. coli Dam methylase in vivo, without the requirement for cell-sorting (CATaDa). We have profiled chromatin accessibility in individual cell-types of Drosophila neural and midgut lineages. Functional cell-type-specific enhancers were identified, as well as novel motifs enriched at different stages of development. Finally, we show global changes in the accessibility of chromatin between stem-cells and their differentiated progeny. Our results demonstrate the dynamic nature of chromatin accessibility in somatic tissues during stem cell differentiation and provide a novel approach to understanding gene regulatory mechanisms underlying development.
A kinase-dependent feedforward loop affects CREBB stability and long term memory formation
Authors: Lee Pei-Tseng , Lin Guang , Lin Wen-Wen , Diao Fengqiu , White Benjamin H , Bellen Hugo J
Published: February 2018

In Drosophila, long-term memory (LTM) requires the cAMP-dependent transcription factor CREBB, expressed in the mushroom bodies (MB) and phosphorylated by PKA. To identify other kinases required for memory formation, we integrated Trojan exons encoding T2A-GAL4 into genes encoding putative kinases and selected for genes expressed in MB. These lines were screened for learning/memory deficits using UAS-RNAi knockdown based on an olfactory aversive conditioning assay. We identified a novel, conserved kinase, Meng-Po (MP, CG11221, SBK1 in human), the loss of which severely affects 3 hr memory and 24 hr LTM, but not learning. Remarkably, memory is lost upon removal of the MP protein in adult MB but restored upon its reintroduction. Overexpression of MP in MB significantly increases LTM in wild-type flies showing that MP is a limiting factor for LTM. We show that PKA phosphorylates MP and that both proteins synergize in a feedforward loop to control CREBB levels and LTM. key words: Drosophila, Mushroom bodies, SBK1, deGradFP, T2A-GAL4, MiMIC
MIA-Clustering: a novel method for segmentation of paleontological material
Authors: Dunmore Christopher J. , Wollny Gert , Skinner Matthew M.
Published: February 2018

Paleontological research increasingly uses high-resolution micro-computed tomography (μCT) to study the inner architecture of modern and fossil bone material to answer important questions regarding vertebrate evolution. This non-destructive method allows for the measurement of otherwise inaccessible morphology. Digital measurement is predicated on the accurate segmentation of modern or fossilized bone from other structures imaged in μCT scans, as errors in segmentation can result in inaccurate calculations of structural parameters. Several approaches to image segmentation have been proposed with varying degrees of automation, ranging from completely manual segmentation, to the selection of input parameters required for computational algorithms. Many of these segmentation algorithms provide speed and reproducibility at the cost of flexibility that manual segmentation provides. In particular, the segmentation of modern and fossil bone in the presence of materials such as desiccated soft tissue, soil matrix or precipitated crystalline material can be difficult. Here we present a free open-source segmentation algorithm application capable of segmenting modern and fossil bone, which also reduces subjective user decisions to a minimum. We compare the effectiveness of this algorithm with another leading method by using both to measure the parameters of a known dimension reference object, as well as to segment an example problematic fossil scan. The results demonstrate that the medical image analysis-clustering method produces accurate segmentations and offers more flexibility than those of equivalent precision. Its free availability, flexibility to deal with non-bone inclusions and limited need for user input give it broad applicability in anthropological, anatomical, and paleontological contexts.
Assessment of three risk evaluation systems for patients aged ≥70 in East China: performance of SinoSCORE, EuroSCORE II and the STS risk evaluation system
Authors: Shan Lingtong , Ge Wen , Pu Yiwei , Cheng Hong , Cang Zhengqiang , Zhang Xing , Li Qifan , Xu Anyang , Wang Qi , Gu Chang , Zhang Yangyang
Published: February 2018

Objectives

To assess and compare the predictive ability of three risk evaluation systems (SinoSCORE, EuroSCORE II and the STS risk evaluation system) in patients aged ≥70, and who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in East China.

Methods

Three risk evaluation systems were applied to 1,946 consecutive patients who underwent isolated CABG from January 2004 to September 2016 in two hospitals. Patients were divided into two subsets according to their age: elderly group (age ≥70) with a younger group (age <70) used for comparison. The outcome of interest in this study was in-hospital mortality. The entire cohort and subsets of patients were analyzed. The calibration and discrimination in total and in subsets were assessed by the Hosmer–Lemeshow and the C statistics respectively.

Results

Institutional overall mortality was 2.52%. The expected mortality rates of SinoSCORE, EuroSCORE II and the STS risk evaluation system were 0.78(0.64)%, 1.43(1.14)% and 0.78(0.77)%, respectively. SinoSCORE achieved the best discrimination (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) = 0.829), followed by the STS risk evaluation system (AUC = 0.790) and EuroSCORE II (AUC = 0.769) in the entire cohort. In the elderly group, the observed mortality rate was 4.82% while it was 1.38% in the younger group. SinoSCORE (AUC = .829) also achieved the best discrimination in the elderly group, followed by the STS risk evaluation system (AUC = .730) and EuroSCORE II (AUC = 0.640) while all three risk evaluation systems all had good performances in the younger group. SinoSCORE, EuroSCORE II and the STS risk evaluation system all achieved positive calibrations in the entire cohort and subsets.

Conclusion

The performance of the three risk evaluation systems was not ideal in the entire cohort. In the elderly group, SinoSCORE appeared to achieve better predictive efficiency than EuroSCORE II and the STS risk evaluation system.