bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bovine Colostrum and Its Management in UK Dairy Herds
Authors: Lindley George
Published: March 2024

At birth, the calf has a naïve immune system and is reliant upon maternal antibodies until it begins to produce its own. Gut absorption of these antibodies may be facilitated by the consumption of colostrum soon after birth, a process described as the “transfer of passive immunity”. Additional components found within colostrum, such as maternal leucocytes, microRNAs, hormones and oligosaccharides also contribute to calf health and development. These compounds stimulate intestinal epithelial cell development and the establishment of a healthy gut microbiome, which may enhance antibody absorption, inhibit pathogens and modulate immune responses. Different methods of colostrum collection, storage, handling and feeding will influence how colostrum is consumed and absorbed, and an appreciation of these factors is essential.

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Distinct molecular profiles drive multifaceted characteristics of colorectal cancer metastatic seeds
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Zhang Bing , Ma Yiming , Guo Mengmeng , Zhao Fuqiang , Chen Jianan , Wang Bingzhi , Jin Hua , Zhou Fulai , Guan Jiawei , Zhao Qian , Liu Qian , Wang Hongying , Zhao Fangqing , Wang Xia
Published: March 2024

Metastasis of primary tumors remains a challenge for early diagnosis and prevention. The cellular properties and molecular drivers of metastatically competent clones within primary tumors remain unclear. Here, we generated 10–16 single cell–derived lines from each of three colorectal cancer (CRC) tumors to identify and characterize metastatic seeds. We found that intrinsic factors conferred clones with distinct metastatic potential and cellular communication capabilities, determining organ-specific metastasis. Poorly differentiated or highly metastatic clones, rather than drug-resistant clones, exhibited poor clinical prognostic impact. Personalized genetic alterations, instead of mutation burden, determined the occurrence of metastatic potential during clonal evolution. Additionally, we developed a gene signature for capturing metastatic potential of primary CRC tumors and demonstrated a strategy for identifying metastatic drivers using isogenic clones with distinct metastatic potential in primary tumors. This study provides insight into the origin and mechanisms of metastasis and will help develop potential anti-metastatic therapeutic targets for CRC patients.
Sound escapes any gravity well
Authors: D’Abramo Germano
Published: March 2024

The principle of mechanical energy conservation limits the height at which a body of mass m and initial total mechanical energy Ei
can get in a uniform gravitational field g, namely

h
max

=

E
i

/

m
g

. However, the same conservation principle does not pose any limit to the height reachable by a sound wave in a vertical column of (ideal) fluid in the same uniform gravitational field. Here, we provide two accessible proofs of a counter-intuitive result that can represent an amusing digression from the usual presentation of the topic.
Recent advances in anodically fabricated amorphous TiO2 nanotubes crystallization techniques and their applications
Authors: Garlapally Raghavendra , MP Niharika , Rao B Manmadha , Venkateswarlu B , Neella Nagarjuna , Manjunatha C
Published: March 2024

The present summarized study focused on Anodically fabricated TiO2 nanotubes array shows an exceptional physical and chemical properties due to their high surface area as well as thickness near to nano scale regimes. Crystallization of an amorphous TiO2 nanotube plays an important role when it comes to applications point of view. Studies revealed that a change in the annealing process resulted in an enhancement in their structure and properties. In this review, we mainly focus on various annealing techniques, their advantages and drawbacks over the other methods. Additionally, we have reported the effect of morphology and crystal structure of different annealed anodically grown TiO2 nanotubes. Therefore, the anodized TiO2 nanotubes array review will not only have applications in water splitting, hydrogen generation, solar cells but also a suitable potential candidate in the immense applications as micro/nano needles for drug delivery in biomedical as well as different electronic device/sensing approaches in aerospace sectors as well.
Precise control of hole transport layer integration on PDTS-DTTFBT: PC71BM organic solar cells
Authors: Rafiq Muhammad , Haider Mustafa , Li Hengyue , Yang Junliang
Published: March 2024

Efforts to enhance the commercial viability of organic solar cells (OSCs) prioritize high power conversion efficiency(PCE). This study proposes precision tuning of the photoactive layer thickness in the nanoscale as an innovative method to boost efficiency. Utilizing PDTS-DTTFBT: PC71BM, an organic blend, as the active layer aims to capture a broad photon range while addressing optical losses due to low-energy photons rather than mere absorption. The study integrates PEDOT: PSS and molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) as hole transport layers, alongside C60, PC60BM, and ZnO electron transport layers. Meticulous analysis of their photon absorption, reflectance, charge carrier generation, and localized energy variance emphasizes their impact on the efficiency of PDTS-DTFFBT: PC71BM active films. Notably, incorporating MoO3 as the hole transport layer significantly mitigated losses and altered localized energy, culminating in an impressive 17.69% efficiency at an optimized blend thickness of 120 nm. Augmenting blend thickness directly boosts PCE and current density until reaching optimal thickness, while diminishing fill factor, with minimal effect on open-circuit voltage. These results highlight the efficacy of this methodology in enhancing the performance of organic solar cells.
Initiation mechanism of arcing generated in RF capacitively coupled plasma
Authors: Cho Chulhee , Kim Sijun , Choi Minsu , Lee Youngseok , Seong Inho , Jeong Wonnyoung , Lee Jangjae , Kim Daewoong , Park Sanghoo , You Shin-jae
Published: March 2024

In our previous study, we established an arcing generation and measurement system and we observed prior light emission before arcing current development. However, we briefly analyzed those light emissions with strong assumptions without detailed experiment evaluations and thus, the investigation of the formation mechanism in the initiation phase with detailed experiment evaluations has yet to be conducted. In this work, we investigated the initiation mechanism of arcing generated on an arcing inducing probe (AIP) in a radio frequency capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) environment. Here, the AIP is an aluminum rod covered by anodized film and its tip edge is partially stripped to localize arcing on this edge. We measured emission light, voltage, and current waveforms induced by arcing. The spatiotemporal image of the emission light revealed that the tip glow is the brightest intensity and has longest lifetime during arcing, meaning that it is the primary process in whole arcing process. The current waveform induced by arcing corresponds to the time evolution of the tip glow and estimations revealed that the electron emission is the predominant component of the current formation. Furthermore, snapshot images with AIPs having enlarged stripping area exhibited that arcing occurs at the boundary between the alnuminum and anodized film (dielectric), where charging of ions from the CCP on the film surface can induce high-electric field. In addition, we found that the energy relaxation length of emitted electrons for collisions with Ar atoms, which are the background gas, is much larger than the tip glow diameter, meaning that the electon-Ar collision cannot maintain tip glow. This result supports additional source of atoms to sustain the tip glow such as the surface evaporation from arcing spot, of which evidence was speculated our previous study. We estimated minimum aluminum vapor density and surface temperature, which is sufficiently high enough to induce surface vaporization. Combining those experiment results and estimations, that are electron emission, high surface temperature, and surface evaporation, we can speculate that the initiation mechanism of arcing near dielectric surface in radio-frequency CCP environment is the thermionic emission and surface evaporation from arcing spot.
Is natural inflation in agreement with CMB data?
Authors: dos Santos F.B.M. , Rodrigues G. , Rodrigues J.G. , de Souza R. , Alcaniz J.S.
Published: March 2024

Natural inflation is a well-motivated model for the early universe in which an inflaton potential of the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone form, V(ϕ) = Λ4[1 + cos(ϕ/f)], can naturally drive a cosmic accelerated epoch. This paper investigates the observational viability of the minimally and non-minimally coupled natural inflation scenarios in light of current Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations. We find that a small and negative coupling of the field with gravity can alleviate the well-known observational discrepancies of the minimally coupled model. We perform a Monte Carlo Markov Chain analysis of the Planck 2018 CMB and BICEP/Keck Array B-mode polarization data to estimate how strong the coupling ξ should be to achieve concordance with data. We also briefly discuss the impact of these results on the physical interpretation of the natural inflation scenario.
Milky Way white dwarfs as sub-GeV to multi-TeV dark matter detectors
Authors: Acevedo Javier F. , Leane Rebecca K. , Santos-Olmsted Lillian
Published: March 2024

We show that Milky Way white dwarfs are excellent targets for dark matter (DM)
detection. Using Fermi and H.E.S.S. Galactic center gamma-ray data, we investigate sensitivity to
DM annihilating within white dwarfs into long-lived or boosted mediators and producing detectable
gamma rays. Depending on the Galactic DM distribution, we set new constraints on the
spin-independent scattering cross section down to 10-45-10-41 cm2 in the sub-GeV DM
mass range, which is multiple orders of magnitude stronger than existing limits. For a generalized
NFW DM profile, we find that our white dwarf constraints exceed spin-independent direct detection
limits across most of the sub-GeV to multi-TeV DM mass range, achieving sensitivities as low as
about 10-46 cm2. In addition, we improve earlier versions of the DM capture calculation in
white dwarfs, by including the low-temperature distribution of nuclei when the white dwarf
approaches crystallization. This yields smaller capture rates than previously calculated by a
factor of a few up to two orders of magnitude, depending on white dwarf size and the
astrophysical system.
Single-particle spectroscopies of p-wave and d-wave interacting Bose gases in normal phase
Authors: Wang Zeqing , Qi Ran
Published: March 2024

Motivated by experiments with interacting quantum gases across high partial wave resonance, we investigate the thermodynamic properties and single-particle spectra of Bose gases in normal phase for different interaction strengths for both p- and d-wave interactions. The equation of state, contact density, momentum distributions and self-energies of single-particle Green’s functions are obtained in the spirit of ladder diagram approximations. The radio-frequency (RF) spectrum, as an important experimental approach for detecting Feshbach molecules or the interaction effect, is calculated at different temperatures. A reversed temperature dependence on the Bose–Einstein condensation side and Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer side is identified for both p- and d-wave interactions. An estimate for the signal of RF spectra under typical experimental conditions is also provided.
High-repetition-frequency, high-energy mid-wave infrared ZnGeP2 MOPA system
Authors: Fan Yuqing , Qian Chuanpeng , Liu Jing , Sun Jiaxin , Yu Ting , Shi Xiangchun , Ye Xisheng
Published: March 2024

A high-repetition-frequency and high-energy ZnGeP2 master oscillator power amplifier (ZGP-MOPA) system was demonstrated. The pump source was a 2097 nm Ho:YAG laser with maximum average power of about 140 W and repetition frequency of 2 kHz. Using this pump source, the ZGP-MOPA system obtained a mid-wave infrared laser with a maximum average power of 58.9 W and pulse width of 20.1 ns, corresponding to the pulse energy and peak power of 29.5 mJ and 1.5 MW. By adjusting the divergence of seed source to match the divergence of pump source, the beam quality factor M
2 of the ZGP-OPA was 3.9 × 3.7 (horizontal directions × vertical directions), the M
2 of the signal was 2.7, and the M
2 of the idler was 2.8. The corresponding maximum average power and pulse energy were 53.3 W and 26.7 mJ.
Characterization of SOL profiles and turbulence in ICRF-heated plasmas in EAST
Authors: Li You , Yan Ning , Xu Guosheng , Liu Shaocheng , Zhou Hua , Yang Hua , Gao Binfu , Zhou Ziqiang , Li Nami , Yang Qingquan , Li Miaohui , Wang Yifeng , Lin Xin , Tang Panjun , Zhang Yufei , Wang Nannan ,   the EAST Team
Published: March 2024

Scrape-off layer (SOL) profiles and turbulence in ion cyclotron range of frequency (ICRF)-heated plasmas are investigated by the reciprocating probe diagnostic system (FRPs) and gas puff imaging (GPI) diagnostic in EAST. A radio-frequency (RF) sheath potential reaching up to 100 V is identified proximate to the ICRF antennas. Notably, the amplitude of this RF sheath potential escalates in response to rising ICRF power and inversely with plasma density. When a RF sheath is present in the far SOL, a pronounced density ‘shoulder’ forms in front of the ICRF antennas, while the ‘shoulder’ fade away as the antenna and associated RF sheath shift outwards. A strong E
r shear is revealed by measurements from both FRPs and GPI. Analysis of the poloidal wave number-frequency spectrum reveals suppression of high-frequency turbulence in the far SOL due to the RF sheath. This effect is manifested in the reduced autocorrelation time τ
c and reduced average blob size δ
blob of the SOL plasma. Intriguingly, the poloidal propagation direction of the low-frequency turbulence reverses from the electron to the ion diamagnetic drift direction at the RF sheath location. A surge of tungsten impurity is potentially attributed to the heightened interaction between the SOL plasmas and the wall material. Shifting the ICRF antennas outward, to alleviate heat spots, results in the relocation of the RF sheath to the shaded region of the main limiter. This shift amplifies the radial velocity of blobs in the far SOL and concurrently diminishes the SOL density when compared to conditions without ICRF injection. The properties of ion saturation current fluctuations are consistent with the stochastic model predictions.
Research on fully automatic analysis methods for hydrogen energy
Authors: Tang Feng , Dang Xiaojing , Zhu Lei , Zhu Jin , Sun Chao , Yu Guang , Fang Hua
Published: March 2024

An ion chromatograph equipped with an anion exchange column was used to study the analytical methods for total halides and formic acid in hydrogen fuel. An automatic sampling method was established and compared with the manual injection method. A good linear relationship was observed between the peak area and concentration (r2 = 0.999), with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 3% and a detection limit of the instrument at 0.01 mg/L. The experimental results indicate that this method has excellent repeatability and high sensitivity, enabling fully automatic analysis of total halides and formic acid content in hydrogen energy. This provides a fully automatic online analysis solution for the quality of hydrogen energy in the upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors.
Research and application of SiC _ MOSFETs in DC-DC circuit of new energy electric vehicle
Authors: Wang Weinuo
Published: March 2024

In recent years, with the continuous optimization and improvement of power devices, various types of devices such as SiC _ MOSFETs, IGBTs, and Si _ MOSFETs have emerged in the market. Although the datasheets for these devices provide detailed descriptions of their device structures and electrical characteristics, there is a relative scarcity of specific application scenarios and corresponding simulation experimental data. This paper aims to comprehensively review recent research on the device structures and electrical characteristics of SiC _ MOSFETs, IGBTs, and Si _ MOSFETs. Additionally, we intend to conduct a systematic classification and comparative analysis to evaluate their performance in practical circuit applications. Furthermore, we have utilized MATLAB and Simulink to construct a representative simulation model of a DC-DC Buck-Boost circuit for new energy electric vehicles. Common SiC _ MOSFETs, IGBTs, and Si _ MOSFETs available in the market have been selected, and their parameters have been configured to match those in the simulation circuit. This approach enables us to explore the performance of these components in real-world circuit applications. Subsequently, the performance of these simulated circuits has been rigorously examined in practical scenarios. This comprehensive analysis provides a deeper understanding of the advantages of SiC _ MOSFETs compared to the other two devices and their potential contribution to the future development of electric vehicle technology. We anticipate that this research will drive advancements in electric vehicle technology and contribute to the realization of sustainable mobility.
Optimal scheduling method of low-carbon energy supply chain based on machine learning and game theory
Authors: Yan Hongli , Zhang Dandan , Wang Tingting , Yan Hong
Published: March 2024

Aiming at the quality and stability of a low-carbon new energy supply chain, this paper puts forward an optimal scheduling method for a low-carbon energy supply chain based on machine learning and game theory. By establishing an index and preprocessing keywords, the similarity between the index and the data in the platform database is calculated, and the data-sharing result of the low-carbon energy supply chain is obtained. This paper analyzes the game benefits of each subject in the optimization of the low-carbon energy supply chain, obtains the game matrix, and realizes the optimal scheduling of the low-carbon energy supply chain. The experimental results show that the scheduling convergence error of the low-carbon energy supply chain is low, the accuracy is high, and the load supply equipment can run stably.
Numerical study on smoke temperature and exhaust efficiency in electric cable tunnel
Authors: Guo Dapeng , Wang Jinshuang , Li Shangguo , Shi Chenjie , Zhou Yi , Li Peizhe , An Xu , Xiong Yiduo
Published: March 2024

Cable tunnels are the lifeline of cities. Once a serious fire occurs on cables, the toxic smoke generated by cable combustion spreads and escapes, causing serious harm to the surrounding environment and personnel. The heat generated can also ignite nearby combustibles, causing casualties and property damage. Based on the above issues, using fluid dynamics methods, fire dynamic simulation was used to simulate cable tunnel fire scenarios under four variables: wind speed, fire source power, smoke outlet height, and smoke exhaust airflow. The temperature distribution law of the ceiling smoke layer inside the cable tunnel, smoke generation law, tunnel smoke exhaust efficiency, and other factors were clarified, revealing the impact mechanism of the above factors on tunnel fire smoke exhaust efficiency and smoke performance improvement methods. The research results indicate that the combination mode of exhaust air volume and ventilation air speed can effectively control tunnel fire smoke, providing a reference for the fire prevention design of cables in urban cable tunnels.
Capacity optimization allocation method of photovoltaic-temperature difference-hydrogen-storage hybrid micro-energy system based on SAO algorithm
Authors: Pi Linlin , Tian Liguo
Published: March 2024

The capacity optimization allocation of hybrid micro-energy systems is an important link in micro-energy systems, which can effectively improve the reliability and economy of the power grid. In this paper, the capacity optimization allocation method of a photovoltaic-temperature difference-hydrogen-storage hybrid micro-energy system is studied. First, a capacity optimization configuration model based on photovoltaic, temperature difference, and hydrogen storage hybrid micro-energy system was established to maximize revenue. Then, the SAO algorithm is used to optimize its strategy. When the strategy does not change, it indicates that the income has been maximized. Finally, concerning the snow ablation mechanism, it can balance development and exploration well and can optimize the global optimal solution even in a more complex environment. The proposed method can ensure the reliability under premise of relatively low cost, and effectively improve the rationality of the power grid capacity allocation method in the photovoltaic thermal power generation scenario.
Influence of distributed generation on fault characteristics and relay protection of rural distribution network
Authors: Liu Bo , Liang Weichen , Wang Yajuan , Zhao Zhiyu , Tian Qi , Li Xuan
Published: March 2024

High proportion distributed generation affect traditional rural distribution network. In the paper, a typical line model of rural distribution network with high proportion distributed generation was constructed, and the current and voltage characteristics of rural distribution network after fault were analyzed. At the same time, the compound voltage blocking element and autoreclosure strategy of current protection of rural distribution network were analyzed. The results showed that the short circuit current at the protection location was lower than that without distributed generation, and the voltage of the whole line after the fault was higher than that without distributed generation. In addition, if the autoreclosure strategy of the circuit breaker at the head of the line adopts the non-voltage detection mode, it may cause failure of the breaker reclosing.
Analysis of the performance of mixed refrigerant chillers based on the impact of exergy glide temperature matching coefficient
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Wen Xiantai , Li Jijing
Published: March 2024

A glide temperature matching model based on the exergy matching coefficient was established for the phase change heat transfer process of non-azeotropic mixed refrigerants. The exergy loss rate of the temperature difference and the exergy loss rate of the glide temperature in the condenser and evaporator were analyzed, and the temperature matching coefficient of mixed refrigerants parameter πglide was derived to indicate mixed refrigerants with large refrigeration capacity. The model was experimentally verified by the performance of three types of mixed refrigerants in chillers. The results show that the higher the glide temperature, the bigger the condenser πglide of the mixed refrigerants and the worse the temperature-matching effect. The smaller the πglide of the evaporator, the better the temperature-matching effect, and at the same time, the greater the cooling capacity. This model can be used for predicting the different component mixtures of working fluids.
Feasibility analysis of dynamic improvement of current carrying capacity of overhead lines
Authors: Sun Zezhong , Tan Ben , Gong Liang , Qin Song , Yue Yishi , Wang Feng , Liao Zhenyu
Published: March 2024

The demand for electricity in China has been increasing year by year. However, the construction of transmission lines is costly and has significant composite short-term peak characteristics. This article aims to study the feasibility of improving the conductor’s current capacity, analyze data characteristics of typical conductor states and micrometeorological data, figure out the real-time conductor’s current capacity based on the calculation model, analyze the margin for improving the CCC, and lift the power supply potential.
Research on optimization of multi-energy coupling source-network-load-storage based on micro energy network
Authors: Han Xiaodi , Ren Juan , Zhan Lei , Yang Jinshuang , Huang Ping
Published: March 2024

Based on the architecture of the micro energy network system, a “source network load storage” multi-energy coupling hub system for regional energy internet with electricity gas interconnection is proposed. The lowest operating is set as the optimization goal for the operation of the regional energy internet. A dynamic economic scheduling model for regional energy interconnection based on the sky and an optimization scheduling model for regional energy internet are established. A mixed integer linear programming program based on Matlab is written and solved using CPLex. The results show the operation of the “source grid load storage” regional energy internet with multiple energy coupling hubs as the core is lower than that of traditional micro-grids When adding an energy storage system, the daily operating of the micro-grid system is 16.7% less than that of Control Scenario 1 and 14.3% less than that of Control Scenario 2 The proposal of a regional energy internet “source network load storage” multi-energy coupling hub system based on the micro energy network system architecture provides a feasible basis for the planning and construction research of the regional energy internet.
A comprehensive resilience evaluation method for power distribution systems based on weighted Page-Rank algorithm
Authors: Lv Haojie , Ying Jun , Ying Rongding , Mao Yongwei , Chen Hongmin , Lu Haowei , Zhu Gele , Chi Yuan , Meng Qinghao
Published: March 2024

Resilience evaluation plays a critical role in the decarbonized development of modern power distribution systems since it objectively assesses how the distribution system performs in the face of stochastic renewable generation, increasing load demand, and promising to cut carbon emissions. This study proposed a comprehensive resilience evaluation method for regional distribution systems. The proposed resilience evaluation system comprises three sub-groups: performance, economy, and connections. To improve the objectivity of the proposed evaluation method, the weighting factors are calculated based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and weighted Page-ranking algorithm, respectively. Specifically, AHP is adopted to calculate the weighting factors for different metrics. At the same time, the original Page-ranking algorithm is improved according to the importance of the buses and then used to calculate the weighting factors for different buses within the same metric. The proposed method is applied to a real-world distribution network in China. Numerical results show that the proposed method can objectively evaluate the overall resilience level of the distribution network, including the source side, the network, and the load side. The evaluation results can help the decision-makers to make resilience enhancement in an economical and targeted way.
Power grid planning and optimal dispatch based on intelligent optimization and genetic algorithm
Authors: Wang Xu
Published: March 2024

Power grid planning is a prerequisite for optimal design, operation, and planning of the power grid. Based on the characteristics of the power system, this article explored a genetic algorithm-based power network optimization method. In genetic algorithms, simulated annealing algorithms were used to optimize candidate individuals, resulting in the optimal ratio of the number of selected individuals to the number of all mutated individuals. At the same time, a simulated annealing algorithm was added to the optimization process to improve the shortcomings of GA (Genetic Algorithm). When the genetic algorithm selected individuals from the parent population, a simulated annealing algorithm was used to optimize candidate individuals, making the ratio of the number of selected individuals to the number of all mutated individuals optimal. In order to overcome the shortcomings of GA, the tabu search algorithm was introduced into the optimization process, making it have better optimization ability. Through optimization experiments on 15 nodes, it was found that this method had good convergence speed. The final experiment also proved that the power planning based on the simulated annealing genetic algorithm was superior to other models (the load balance, power supply capacity matching, and coordination index scores of the substation based on the algorithm model in this article were 0.5111, 2.2693, and 120.215, respectively, which were higher than other schemes).
Distributed Voltage Reactive Power Control of Distribution Network Considering the Coordination Between DPV and SVC
Authors: Zhou Ziheng , Tang Hanshen , Chen Zhihua , Liu Honghui , Liu Zhe
Published: March 2024

With the increasing permeability rate of DPV in the distribution network, the safe and economic operation of the distribution network is faced with many challenges, among which the problem of voltage exceeding the limit must be solved urgently. A method for distributed voltage reactive power control, which involves coordinating DPV and SVC, is suggested to enhance the voltage regulation capacity in high-permeability distribution networks. Firstly, considering the limited reactive power regulation capacity of DPV, a coordinated control strategy is proposed to enable SVC when the reactive power capacity of DPV is insufficient. Secondly, a voltage-reactive power control model for distribution networks is established, with a focus on minimizing node voltage deviations and network losses. An adaptive penalty factor adjustment strategy, based on the alternating direction multiplier method, is introduced to achieve a comprehensive solution for this model. Finally, the enhanced IEEE 33-node system is utilized for verification and analysis. The outcomes demonstrate that the suggested coordination strategy involving DPV and SVC, alongside the distributed optimization control method, offers economic advantages and effectively achieves the safe and cost-effective operation of the distribution network.
Reliability expansion method of urban distribution network based on mixed integer programming and multi-objective optimization
Authors: Ye Fan , Xiao Qiang , Zhang Shiling , Zhang Mi , Wang Ruizhang , Bai Yu
Published: March 2024

The power supply system in urban area has high complexity, and its expansion is difficult. Therefore, a reliability expansion method of urban distribution network based on mixed integer programming and multi-objective optimization is proposed in this paper. Considering the economic benefits and voltage difference of investment and operation, a general model for optimizing the overall installation of the power grid has been established. Enable particle swarm optimization algorithm to increase the energy storage capacity of the power grid and solve the optimal expansion rate through mixed integer linear programming. Finally, research has shown that this research method can achieve the best scaling effect.
Active power smoothing control strategy of offshore wind power system based on reduced matrix converter
Authors: Li Chunhua , Su Zhonghuan , Chen Yijing , Zhu Yabo , Tian Feng , Zeng Xiaowei
Published: March 2024

On account of the fluctuation and randomness of wind speed, the output power of wind turbines fluctuates greatly, which may cause the frequency change of the power grid and increase the difficulty of power system dispatching. To solve this problem, an active power smoothing control (APSC) strategy based on RMC for offshore wind power systems is proposed in this paper. Compared with existing wind power converter systems, RMC adopted in this paper has the advantages of compact structure, small volume and high conversion efficiency. Based on the analysis of the exponential moving average (EMA) algorithm, a method for determining active power based on the fuzzy EMA algorithm is proposed. The method adjusts the cycle number N in real-time according to the wind speed, taking into account both the wind energy utilization rate and the smoothing performance of active power. The control principle of offshore wind power generation system (WPGS) based on RMC is analyzed in detail and the coordinated control strategy of RMC and inverter is proposed. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of the proposed method and control strategy.
Front-end RDMA over Converged Ethernet, real-time firmware simulation
Authors: Bortolato G. , Bergnoli A. , Bortolato D. , Mengoni D. , Migliorini M. , Montecassiano F. , Pazzini J. , Triossi A. , Ventura S. , Zanetti M.
Published: March 2024

Several physics experiments are moving towards new acquisition models. In this work some ideas to implement Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) directly on the front-end electronics have been explored, part of the computing farm's CPU resources could be freed. New simulation techniques are introduced to understand RDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE) firmware block developed at ETH Zürich, including real-time firmware simulation leveraging SystemVerilog's useful features. The ability to explore a wider and dynamic inputs increases the likelihood of uncovering potential issues, identifying edge cases, and validating the system's performance across a broader range of scenarios.
Optical signatures of moiré trapped biexcitons
Authors: Brem Samuel , Malic Ermin
Published: March 2024

Atomically thin heterostructures formed by twisted transition metal dichalcogenides can be used to create periodic moiré patterns. The emerging moiré potential can trap interlayer excitons into arrays of strongly interacting bosons, which form a unique platform to study strongly correlated many-body states. In order to create and manipulate these exotic phases of matter, a microscopic understanding of exciton–exciton interactions and their manifestation in these systems becomes indispensable. Recent density-dependent photoluminescence (PL) measurements have revealed novel spectral features indicating the formation of trapped multi-exciton states providing important information about the interaction strength. In this work, we develop a microscopic theory to model the PL spectrum of trapped multi-exciton complexes focusing on the emission from moiré trapped single- and biexcitons. Based on an excitonic Hamiltonian we determine the properties of trapped biexcitons as function of twist angle and use these insights to predict the luminescence spectrum of moiré excitons for different densities. We demonstrate how side peaks resulting from transitions to excited states and a life time analysis can be utilized as indicators for moiré trapped biexcitons and provide crucial information about the excitonic interaction strength.
Global imaging for polarization resolved second harmonic generation of WS2 monolayers
Authors: Aleithan Shrouq H
Published: March 2024

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear optical effect enhanced by broken crystallin symmetry and is very sensitive to electronic structures. SHG has recently been applied to two-dimensional transition metals dichalcogenides (2D-TMDs). 2D-TMDs have been the focus of much recent research due to their ultrathin scale, high quantum confinement, and energy gap toning ability that results in unique linear or nonlinear optical and electrical properties. WS2 monolayers are well-known 2D TMDs with strong SHG. They have attracted a great deal of interest due to their potential applications in fundamental material characterization and nanophotonic device development. In this study, we grew WS2 monolayers using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique and characterized them with Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The intense direct excitonic peak A at 630 nm was identified in the PL spectra, while the Raman spectra exhibited the two distinctive modes A1g (at 418 cm−1) and E2g (at 356 cm−1). The monolayers were pumped by an 830 nm circularly polarized and defused pulsed laser to produce the SHG image. global one-shot SH images for different growth shapes were obtained and crystalline domains were identified using polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation imaging (PRSHGI). The defect level was observed to clearly enhance the SHG signal following the increase in broken crystalline centrosymmetric and relaxing the optical selection roles at the valley degree of freedom.
Air pollutant emissions and sources in Lao People’s Democratic Republic: a provincial scale analysis for years 2013-2019
Authors: O’Neill Connie , Slater Jessica , Sychareun Vanphanom , Vongxay Viengnakhone , Soulideth Bounmany , Malley Christopher S , Archer Diane , Kuylenstierna Johan C I
Published: March 2024

Recent rapid economic development in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR) has increased national fuel consumption, vehicle fleet, industrial output, waste generation, and agricultural production. This has contributed to national average ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) air pollutant levels that are four times higher than World Health Organisation guidelines. Emission inventories are a key tool in understanding the major sources to these air pollution levels, and provide a starting point to identify where mitigation action can be targeted. A national air pollutant emission inventory has not been developed in Lao PDR and, combined with a limited air quality monitoring network means there is limited capacity to develop and track the effectiveness of mitigation actions. This study describes the first air pollutant emission inventory at the national and provincial scale for Lao PDR, covering 2013–2019. Emissions of nine air pollutants, and two greenhouse gases, were quantified using national statistics and international default emission factors. In 2019, national total PM2.5, Nitrogen Oxides (NOx), Black Carbon (BC), Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Non-Methane Volatile Organic Carbons (NMVOCs), and Ammonia (NH3) were 125, 83, 9.7, 26, 219, and 99 thousand tonnes respectively. Key source sectors include forest fires, residential cooking, agriculture, electricity generation, and transport. However, the contribution of different sources varies across provinces. Forest fires are the primary source determining the spatial trend of particulate air pollution while residential and agricultural emissions contribute more significantly to rural provinces such as Savannakhet. Key sectors in major urban provinces (Vientiane Capital and Xayaboury) are industry, transport and electricity generation. These sectors are also significant sources of greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4), demonstrating the potential for identification, evaluation and prioritisation of actions that simultaneously improve air quality and achieve Lao PDR’s international climate change commitments.
Finite element modeling of diabetic foot: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Singh Gurpreet , Chanda Arnab
Published: March 2024

Diabetic foot complications are a widespread issue that causes significant medical, economic, and social burdens for individuals and their families worldwide. Neuropathy often leads to foot ulceration, which is a prevalent consequence of diabetes. Diabetic foot ulcers are commonly diagnosed and pose challenging consequences due to their morbidity, increased risk of lower limb amputation, and related mortality. In recent years, researchers have increasingly used finite element (FE) analysis to simulate the biomechanics of diabetic foot. The primary objective of these simulations is to estimate the mechanical loading conditions for healthy and diseased foot and provide insights into novel interventions such as insole designs, surgical procedures, etc This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the literature on finite element modeling and analysis of diabetic foot, focusing on computationally accurate foot modeling, ulcer modeling, and simulation-based management. This review aims to provide researchers a concise description of FE modeling research on diabetic foot while highlighting their potential for future advancements. The summarized literature will be helpful for the development of suitable interventions such as insoles, footwear, and orthotics for the management of diabetic foot pre- and post- ulceration.
Life cycle assessment of green–grey coastal flood protection infrastructure: a case study from New Orleans
Authors: Hasan Rahaf , McPhillips Lauren , Warn Gordon , Bilec Melissa
Published: March 2024

The study compared the life cycle environmental impacts of three coastal flood management strategies: grey infrastructure (levee), green–grey infrastructure (levee and oyster reef), and a do-nothing scenario, considering the flood damage of a single flooding event in the absence of protection infrastructure. A case study was adopted from a New Orleans, Louisiana residential area to facilitate the comparison. Hazus software, design guidelines, reports, existing projects, and literature were utilized as foreground data for modelling materials. A process-based life cycle assessment was used to assess environmental impacts. The life cycle environmental impacts included global warming, ozone depletion, acidification, eutrophication, smog formation, resource depletion, ecotoxicity, and various human health effects. The ecoinvent database was used for the selected life cycle unit processes. The mean results show green–grey infrastructure as the most promising strategy across most impact categories, reducing 47% of the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions compared to the do-nothing strategy. Compared to grey infrastructure, green–grey infrastructure mitigates 13%–15% of the environmental impacts while providing equivalent flood protection. A flooding event with a 100-year recurrence interval in the study area is estimated at 34 million kg of CO2 equivalent per kilometre of shoreline, while grey and green–grey infrastructure mitigating such flooding is estimated to be 21 and 18 million kg, respectively. This study reinforced that coastal flooding environmental impacts are primarily caused by rebuilding damaged houses, especially concrete and structural timber replacement, accounting for 90% of GHG emissions, with only 10% associated with flood debris waste treatment. The asphalt cover of the levee was identified as the primary contributor to environmental impacts in grey infrastructure, accounting for over 75% of GHG emissions during construction. We found that there is an important interplay between grey and green infrastructure and optimizing their designs can offer solutions to sustainable coastal flood protection.
Introduction
Authors: O'Loughlin Ailbhe
Published: March 2024

This chapter introduces the case study underpinning this book: the Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) Programme and the DSPD Programme’s successor, the Offender Personality Disorder (OPD) Pathway. It contextualizes developments in England and Wales in light of two broader movements in penal practices in Western countries. First, a trend towards exclusionary practices of preventive detention for ‘dangerous’ offenders and seemingly more progressive or inclusive practices of rehabilitation. Second, a growth in legal mechanisms of preventive justice, the rise of the preventive state, and the development of a coercive human rights doctrine that promotes punitive and precautionary policies against ‘dangerous’ offenders. It sets out how, by viewing the law in its historical context, we can come to a fuller understanding of how offenders with personality disorders are constructed by legal discourses. Finally, it introduces the book’s methodology, structure, and main arguments.
Mr. Wix of . . . Vaudeville
Authors: Erdman Andrew L
Published: March 2024

Julian Eltinge was offered a role in the musical comedy Mr. Wix of Wickham in 1904. Eltinge hoped for a conventional part but was hired for a crossdressed role. While the young actor stood out as one of the production’s few bright spots, the show was unsuccessful, leaving him with no clear path. He did not have reputation enough to break into Broadway, nor did he care to return to semi-professional work. Fortunately, big-time vaudeville provided Julian Eltinge with a perfect opportunity to display his artistry for mainstream crowds across the country. “Vaudeville,” which at the time was successfully becoming the first mass-market entertainment for the middle classes, consciously distanced itself from working-class variety and saloon entertainment, even while importing and supposedly sanitizing much of its content. Eltinge parlayed his stateside success into a well-received European tour, increasing his brand value and recognition.
Corporate Governance in Entrepreneurial Firms
Authors: De Castro Julio , Lejarraga Jose , Wu Qiong
Published: March 2024

Corporate governance unfolds in entrepreneurial firms, giving rise to concerns about the coordination and control of resources. Understanding corporate governance in entrepreneurial firms (CGEF) is important because of the challenges of liability of newness and smallness and issues of transition. In particular, two issues affect these firms: a diluted separation between ownership and control and the role played by boards of directors. As a result, most of the literature on CGEF revolves around the interrelations between these governance mechanisms and how they affect the outcomes of entrepreneurially driven firms. This combination of factors present in entrepreneurial firms gives rise to new theoretical perspectives that enrich the corporate governance literature.
On Frequently Used Terms Related to Climate Change
Authors: Ren Guoyu , von Storch Hans
Published: March 2024

Using terms with the same meaning is a precondition of academic exchange and coordinated international actions to cope with the global climate issue. However, the understanding and usage of some terms in the climate change field are incompatible among researchers, policymakers, and publics. In particular, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have used significantly different definitions of climate change, which may result in unforeseen problems in coping with the global climate issue. Also, when referring to future changes, the terms climate change projection and climate prediction are frequently used inconsistently. Other terms not always used with the same meaning are global warming, global change, global climate change, abrupt climate change, climate change monitoring, climate change detection, and climate change attribution.

With respect to the term climate change, it is suggested that it be defined in academic circles as a change in any key climate variables or climate extremes on timescales of multidecades or longer periods caused by any drivers (natural or human and external or internal), whereas the term climate variability should be used to refer to variations on all the spectrums of frequency provoked by natural internal drivers or on high-frequency spectrums caused by natural external drivers. Following the IPCC terminology, it is suggested that climate change projection be defined as estimating possible evolutions of the climate state in the future on scales of decades or longer, based on development scenarios and climate models, with the estimate considered possible, internally consistent, but not necessarily probable. It is also suggested that the term anthropogenic climate change be used to express large-scale climate change caused by various human activities, especially global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions from human activities and the corresponding changes in other components of the climate system as noted in the IPCC reports and international climate negotiations.