bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Big Data Analytics With Service-Oriented Architecture
Authors: Mukherjee Triparna , Nath Asoke
Published: February 2017

This chapter focuses on Big Data and its relation with Service-Oriented Architecture. We start with the introduction to Big Data Trends in recent times, how data explosion is not only faced by web and retail networks but also the enterprises. The notorious “V's” – Variety, volume, velocity and value can cause a lot of trouble. We emphasize on the fact that Big Data is much more than just size, the problem that we face today is neither the amount of data that is created nor its consumption, but the analysis of all those data. In our next step, we describe what service-oriented architecture is and how SOA can efficiently handle the increasingly massive amount of transactions. Next, we focus on the main purpose of SOA here is to meaningfully interoperate, trade, and reuse data between IT systems and trading partners. Using this Big Data scenario, we investigate the integration of Services with new capabilities of Enterprise Architectures and Management. This has had varying success but it remains the dominant mode for data integration as data can be managed with higher flexibility.
Service-Oriented Framework for Advance Diagnosis of MSMEs Turning into NPAs
Authors: Pandey Agnivesh , Pandey Rajiv
Published: February 2017

Banking Industry in India, a major section of which constitute of nationalized Banks, is facing three important challenges- to continue its contribution in rapid growth of Indian Economy, to make pace with the International Prudential Norms of Banking and Accounting Practices and to contain NPAs (Non-Performing Assets) and recover, which has reached an alarming Rs 6.0 lakhs crores. The bulk of Bank advances go to the large industries and big and established business houses, the major share of NPAs are attributed to them presently. The share of MSMEs (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises), a priority sector of Indian economy, towards growing NPAs may need equal attention as they are in large numbers. Laying stress on strengthening legal framework to overcome this challenge not proving very effective, a service oriented architecture framework may find a solution of advance diagnosis and prevention of MSMEs turning into NPAs. This chapter proposes data mining service in cloud computing environment to Banks which can be delivered as Platform-as-a-Service through Shiny.
Performance of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)
Authors: Dubey Deepika , Dubey Deepanshu , Singh Uday Pratap
Published: February 2017

A service-oriented architecture is combination of services having different platforms for implementation. These services are combined, used by, and communicate with each other. The communication is done by massage or data passing. Communication is done by interacting with each other based on different platforms. Chronic diseases are long-term illness that require observation with heavy treatments by the doctors and special attention by family members. Chronic diseases are Alzheimer's disease, Addiction, Autoimmune diseases, Blindness, Rheumatoid arthritis, Chronic renal failure, Chronic Kidney Disease, Deafness and hearing impairment, Hypertension, Mental illness, Thyroid disease, Blood Pressure abnormalities.
Performance Analysis of Classifiers on Filter-Based Feature Selection Approaches on Microarray Data
Authors: Chinnaswamy Arunkumar , Srinivasan Ramakrishnan
Published: February 2017

The process of Feature selection in machine learning involves the reduction in the number of features (genes) and similar activities that results in an acceptable level of classification accuracy. This paper discusses the filter based feature selection methods such as Information Gain and Correlation coefficient. After the process of feature selection is performed, the selected genes are subjected to five classification problems such as Naïve Bayes, Bagging, Random Forest, J48 and Decision Stump. The same experiment is performed on the raw data as well. Experimental results show that the filter based approaches reduce the number of gene expression levels effectively and thereby has a reduced feature subset that produces higher classification accuracy compared to the same experiment performed on the raw data. Also Correlation Based Feature Selection uses very fewer genes and produces higher accuracy compared to Information Gain based Feature Selection approach.
Bio-Inspired Algorithms for Text Summarization
Authors: Rautray Rasmita , Balabantaray Rakesh Chandra
Published: February 2017

In last few decades, Bio-inspired algorithms (BIAs) have gained a significant popularity to handle hard real world and complex optimization problem. The scope and growth of Bio Inspired algorithms explore new application areas and computing opportunities. This paper presents a review with the objective is to bring a better understanding and to motivate the research on BIAs based text summarization. Different techniques have been used for text summarization are genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), differential evolution (DE), harmonic search (HS).
Swarm-Based Clustering for Gene Expression Data
Authors: Banu P. K. Nizar , Samraj S. Andrews
Published: February 2017

Clustering is one of the most important techniques, which group genes of similar expression pattern into a small number of meaningful homogeneous groups or clusters. Gene expression data has certain special characteristics and is a challenging research problem. There are many applications for clustering gene expression data. Clustering can be applied for genes called gene clustering. Hard clustering allows a gene to get placed in exactly one cluster and converges in local optima. Soft clustering approach allows gene to get placed in all the clusters with some membership values. As the hard clustering approach converges in local optimum, an evolutionary computation technique like swarm clustering is required to find the global optimum solution. This chapter studies swarm clustering techniques such as Particle Swarm Clustering K-Means, Cuckoo Search Clustering, Cuckoo Search Clustering with levy flight, harmony search, Fuzzy PSO and Ant Colony Optimization based Clustering for clustering gene expression data. Evaluation measures for clustering gene expression data are also discussed.
Classification of Faults in Power Transmission Systems Using Modern Techniques
Authors: Prasad Avagaddi , Edward J. Belwin , Ravi K.
Published: February 2017

Power system constitute a major part of the electrical system relating in the present world. Every single portion of this system assumes a major part in the accessibility of the electrical power one uses at their homes, enterprises, workplaces, industrial facilities and so on. Any deficiency in power system causes a ton of inconvenience for the maintenance of the system. So transmission system needs a proper protection scheme to ensure continuous power supply to the consumers. The countless extent of power systems and applications requires the improvement in suitable techniques for the fault classification in power transmission systems, to increase the efficiency of the systems and to avoid major damages. For this purpose, the technical literature proposes a large number of methods. This chapter analyzes the technical literature, summarizing the most important methods that can be applied to fault classification and advanced technologies developed by various researchers in power transmission systems.
Gene Expression Programming
Authors: Laskar Baddrud Zaman , Majumder Swanirbhar
Published: February 2017

Gene expression programming (GEP) introduced by Candida Ferreira is a descendant of genetic algorithm (GA) and genetic programming (GP). It takes the advantage of both the optimization and search technique based on genetics and natural selection as GA and its programmatic Darwinian counterpart GP. It is gaining popularity because; it has to some extent eradicated the ‘cons' of both while keeping in the ‘pros'. It is still a new technique not much explored since its introduction in 2001. In this chapter both GA and GP is first discussed followed by the elaborate discussion of GEP. This is followed up by the discussion on research work done is different fields using GEP as a tool followed up by GEP architectures. Finally, here GEP has been used for detection of age from facial features as a soft computing based optimization problem using genetic operators.
Bioinspired Algorithms in Solving Three-Dimensional Protein Structure Prediction Problems
Authors: Satpathy Raghunath
Published: February 2017

Proteins play a vital molecular role in all living organisms. Experimentally, it is difficult to predict the protein structure, however alternatively theoretical prediction method holds good for it. The 3D structure prediction of proteins is very much important in biology and this leads to the discovery of different useful drugs, enzymes, and currently this is considered as an important research domain. The prediction of proteins is related to identification of its tertiary structure. From the computational point of view, different models (protein representations) have been developed along with certain efficient optimization methods to predict the protein structure. The bio-inspired computation is used mostly for optimization process during solving protein structure. These algorithms now a days has received great interests and attention in the literature. This chapter aim basically for discussing the key features of recently developed five different types of bio-inspired computational algorithms, applied in protein structure prediction problems.
Novos estudos de letramento: conceitos, implicações metodológicas e silenciamentos
Authors: Bragança Marcela Langa Lacerda , Baltar Marcos Antônio Rocha
Published: February 2017

No Brasil, na Linguística Aplicada, temos a recorrência cada vez mais acentuada deinvestigações teóricas e trabalhos voltados ao campo de estudos intitulado Novos Estudos doLetramento. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é (1) revisitar algumas noções desse campode conhecimento; (2) mapear as implicações pedagógicas dele emergentes; e (3) refletir sobre aseguinte pergunta de pesquisa: até que ponto essas novas propostas de ensino de leitura e deescrita produzem efeitos significativos, em relação à implementação de políticas condizentescom o arcabouço teórico acionado pelos Novos Estudos do Letramento? Giroux (2011),Barton (1994), Kleiman (1995), Barton e Hamilton (1998), Street (2000) e Kalantzis e Cope(2006) orientam a revisão teórica desse artigo. Para o mapeamento das propostas metodológicassugeridas na literatura, investigamos a obra Letramentos, de Vóvio, Sito e De Grande (2010) e,situados no bojo das reflexões aqui propostas, utilizaremos os estudos de Lillis (2003), Makoni eMeinhof (2006), Walsh (2009) e Zavala (2010). O resultado de nossa investigação indica que asmudanças educacionais precisariam ser bem mais categóricas do que as sugeridas na literaturapara promover, de fato, outras cenas de letramento que não apenas as hegemônicas.
Modelagem matemática nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: um olhar segundo as orientações didáticas presentes nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais
Authors: Schmitt Zanella Marli , Kato Lilian Akemi
Published: February 2017

Este artigo apresenta uma interpretação das estratégias de ações de um grupo de seisalunos do quinto ano do ensino fundamental, de uma escola pública do Paraná,durante o desenvolvimento de uma tarefa de Modelagem, na perspectiva da EducaçãoMatemática. Sob a ótica da Teoria dos Campos Conceituais, buscamos explicitar taisestratégias, reveladas por meio de expressões simbólicas, verbais e por indicativos deinvariantes operatórios. Ademais, a Teoria dos Campos Conceituais se faz consoantecom as orientações didáticas dos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais, no que tange asoperações com números Naturais e aos significados necessários à estrutura aditiva emultiplicativa. As análises apresentadas evidenciaram que a inserção de tarefas deModelagem favorece o desenvolvimento de diferentes estratégias de ações, pelascrianças, a partir das ferramentas matemáticas de que dispõem, bem como,explicitação e validação dos passos utilizados durante o desenvolvimento de umatarefa de Modelagem.
Aprendizagem docente no âmbito do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência - Física: o que dizem os supervisores
Authors: Darroz Luiz Marcelo , Wannmacher Clóvis Milton Duval
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho apresenta os resultados parciais de um projeto de pesquisa que visaidentificar os impactos do Programa Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência(Pibid) na formação dos professores de Física do Rio Grande do Sul. Estainvestigação, que objetivou identificar indícios da ocorrência da aprendizagem docentenos licenciandos de Física participantes do programa, foi realizada com vinteprofessores de escolas públicas que, na época da pesquisa, possuíam bolsas desupervisão dos subprojetos do Pibid/Física do Rio Grande do Sul. A coleta de dadosocorreu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas gravadas em áudio e posteriormentetranscritas. A análise dos dados se deu a partir dos materiais coletados, dos quais serealizou uma Análise Textual Discursiva (ATD) que tinha como categorias a priori oscinco focos da aprendizagem docente. Os resultados indicam que a participação nasatividades do Pibid/Física pode promover a aprendizagem docente, uma vez queelementos dos cinco focos foram identificados nas falas dos supervisores de área.
A imagem do cientista que desenvolve medicamentos em comédias hollywoodianas: uma discussão curricular
Authors: Mendonça Lêda Glicério , Ferreira Francisco Romão , La Rocque Lúcia Rodriguez de
Published: February 2017

O objetivo desse trabalho é analisar as percepções de alunos sobre a imagem docientista que desenvolve medicamentos em cinco filmes de comédia utilizados comosubsídio para um estudo de caso aplicado na disciplina de Deontologia Farmacêutica.Os personagens cinematográficos são criados geralmente levando-se em conta osestereótipos e o senso comum, representações que são construídas e desconstruídasculturalmente, em tempo variável. Para tanto, um questionário foi aplicado aos alunosao fim da prática pedagógica. A análise dos dados apontou que nestes filmes não haviafarmacêuticos. Quando inquiridos, os alunos tinham dificuldade em citar filmes comfarmacêuticos, sugerindo que este profissional tem pouca visibilidade e que suaimagem está atrelada às atividades visíveis ao público. Para explicar este panorama,buscaram-se as políticas públicas da área da saúde e da educação, sendo por isso, umadiscussão curricular.
Análise das concepções astronômicas apresentadas por alunos do Instituto Federal de São Paulo - Campus Cubatão
Authors: Moraes Ataliba Capasso , Voelzke Marcos Rincon , Macêdo Josué Antunes de
Published: February 2017

ResumoEste artigo relata os resultados de uma pesquisa de conhecimento em astronomia,realizada entre os alunos do Curso Superior de Tecnologia em Automação Industrialdo Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo, CampusCubatão. Para verificar o nível de conhecimento prévio dos alunos, aplicou-se umquestionário com vinte e cinco perguntas de conhecimento básico. Na primeira etapa,verificou-se o aprendizado ineficiente obtido no ensino fundamental e médio destesalunos. Corrigindo-se esta falha grave, ministrou-se, externo ao conteúdoprogramático, um curso básico em astronomia, contendo aulas presenciais, palestras efilmes. Analisadas as respostas desta segunda etapa, comprova-se que os alunosobtiveram uma melhora significativa no aprendizado.
A dimensão estética na formação do pedagogo
Authors: Neuvald Luciane
Published: February 2017

As Diretrizes Curriculares para o Curso de Pedagogia aprovadas em 2006 ressaltam aestética como uma das dimensões formativas e expressam a necessidade dacompreensão desse conceito e de sua relevância. A partir desse pressuposto, estapesquisa objetiva discutir a dimensão estética na formação do pedagogo. Para tanto,discorre sobre os conceitos de arte, experiência estética e formação estética naperspectiva adorniana; analisa as Diretrizes Curriculares para o Curso de Pedagogia, osProjetos Políticos Pedagógicos, as grades curriculares e ementas das disciplinas denove cursos de Pedagogia de universidades públicas brasileiras; explicita como adimensão estética se configura, como ela é tratada nos referidos documentos dasuniversidades pesquisadas e estabelece relações entre os dados obtidos. A pesquisaenfatiza a experiência estética como possibilidade de salvaguardar a experiênciaformativa.
Mapeamento dos estilos de aprendizagem de residentes de um programa multiprofissional da saúde
Authors: Birrer Jucelaine Arend , Minello Ítalo Fernando
Published: February 2017

O objetivo do estudo foi analisar os estilos de aprendizagem de multiprofissionais de um Programa de Residência da Saúde. O Programa constitui-se de uma modalidade de ensino de pós-graduação lato sensu, que visa à formação de profissionais da área da saúde para a assistência, gestão e ensino. A metodologia empregada fundamentou-se na abordagem quantitativa do tipo exploratória. Foi aplicado o Índice dos Estilos de Aprendizagem de Felder e Soloman (1991), do qual participaram 97 multiprofissionais residentes dos seguintes núcleos profissionais: enfermagem, fisioterapia, fonoaudiologia, serviço social, psicologia, farmácia, educação física, odontologia, terapia ocupacional e nutrição. A identificação dos estilos predominantes entre os multiprofissionais residentes, apresentados em ordem decrescente foram: estilo sensorial (76,19%); estilo sequencial (67,0%); estilo verbal (57,7%) e estilo ativo (56,7%). Percebeu-se que os estilos de aprendizagem repercutiram no processo da aprendizagem dos multiprofissionais como um dispositivo para o aprimoramento de uma nova forma de realizar as tarefas na atividade prática. Este processo pareceu estar relacionado ao método de ensino proposto pelo Projeto Político-Pedagógico nos diferentes contextos em que é aplicado, fundamentado numa lógica de integração multidisciplinar e interdisciplinar, proporcionando um olhar crítico e um fazer diferenciado no campo da saúde.
Algumas discussões e reflexões acerca das práticas pedagógicas no ensino de matemática: um relato de experiência
Authors: Gerstberger André , Rehfeldt Márcia Jussara Hepp , Schuck Rogério José
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar uma breve discussão a respeito das práticas de ensino de Matemática, a partir de uma experiência vivenciada em uma turma de sexto ano do ensino fundamental de uma escola localizada no interior do Estado de Mato Grosso, buscando auxiliar o professor nos processos de ensino e aprendizagem dos alunos. No decorrer das discussões refletiu-se acerca das práticas e métodos de ensino frente ao atual contexto educacional brasileiro. Como suporte teórico para as discussões, foram utilizadas as ideias de autores que aludem sobre o campo da educação bem como no ensino de Matemática. A partir das experiências vividas pelos autores deste artigo, foram propostas algumas alternativas e possibilidades que podem auxiliar no enfrentamento deste novo desafio de ensinar conceitos básicos de geometria de maneira diferente da forma como vêm sendo ensinados tradicionalmente. Entre os resultados emergentes, constatou-se que, muitas vezes, para o professor de Matemática alguns exemplos e conteúdos são triviais e de fácil compreensão, mas para os alunos isso nem sempre ocorre da mesma maneira. As práticas pedagógicas devem ser planejadas levando-se em consideração os temas de interesse dos alunos envolvidos, despertando-lhes o desejo de aprender. Foi possível refletir sobre a prática docente e a maneira como se planejam as aulas, indo além das apostilas e materiais didáticos prontos.
Políticas públicas para a juventude: algumas considerações
Authors: Cecarelli Michele Cristina Pedroso , Salles Leila Maria Ferreira
Published: February 2017

Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar as políticas públicas direcionadas aos jovens. Os imaginários construídos socialmente sobre jovens são bastante complexos, e ao mesmo tempo em que são considerados por alguns ‛problemas’ da sociedade, são considerados por outros como o ‛futuro’ da sociedade, indicando com isso que eles podem e devem impulsionar transformações positivas. Para tanto, foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico referente à temática Juventude e Políticas Públicas. Neste levantamento e análise da bibliografia, procuramos identificar as concepções que embasam essas políticas públicas. Em geral, as políticas públicas estão direcionadas aos jovens pertencentes aos estratos socioeconômicos mais desfavorecidos da população, moradores na periferia urbana pobre. Os estudos apontam para uma visão negativa em relação a esses jovens considerados problemáticos e sujeitos a protagonizar condutas desviantes. O tema da exclusão social é comumente enfocado condizentemente às ações e programas governamentais que estão voltados a preparar o jovem para o seu futuro com o intuito de incluí-los socialmente. Estas políticas são direcionadas a um grupo específico de jovens – os pobres –, ou seja, é uma concepção de pobre que beira o preconceito, os jovens têm uma identidade pressuposta atribuída a eles.
Integrating the Water Framework Directive into the Habitats Directive: analysis of distribution patterns of lacustrine EU habitats in lakes of Lombardy (northern Italy)
Authors: Bolpagni Rossano , Azzella Mattia M. , Agostinelli Chiara , Beghi Andrea , Bettoni Eugenia , Brusa Guido , De Molli Cristina , Formenti Riccardo , Galimberti Filippo , Cerabolini Bruno E.L.
Published: February 2017

The existence of strong potential synergies between the Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the Habitats Directive (HD) is widely acknowledged. Indeed, ensuring favourable conservation conditions for aquatic habitats and species of conservation concern is closely related to the achievement of a good ecological status in water bodies. However, since these two sets of European laws are generally applied without any coordination, an inefficient use of resources may adversely affect their goals. The main negative outcome is an increase in the cost of monitoring programs for collecting data in nature (i.e., physical and chemical parameters, species and habitats, plant communities). The use of macrophytes as a bioindicator, as imposed by the WFD, may instead help to integrate data on aquatic EU habitats and enhance knowledge of such habitats outside the Natura 2000 network. The aim of present study was to evaluate the usefulness of data collected in WFD monitoring surveys as a means of inferring the occurrence and the distribution of lacustrine aquatic habitats in countries belonging to the European Union (EU). The main aim of the analysis was to identify the depth gradient distribution of diagnostic macrophyte taxa in two EU habitats (3140, i.e., Chara-dominated benthic communities, and 3150, i.e., natural eutrophic lakes) using data collected in lakes in Lombardy (northern Italy), some of which are included in the Natura 2000 network (10 out 16). While recognizing the limitations of the data collected within the two frameworks, the results confirmed the marked usefulness of WFD data as a means of enhancing the knowledge available on lacustrine aquatic habitats in the EU. WFD data can actively help to improve the basic information on aquatic habitats, thereby more effectively supporting regional strategies for biodiversity conservation as well as recovery programs.

 
How the ability to analyse tendencies influences decision satisfaction
Authors: Carneiro Joao , Martinho Diogo , Conceição Luís , Marreiros Goreti , Novais Paulo
Published: February 2017

Using agents to represent decision-makers is a complex task. It is important that agents can understand the context and be more proactive. Here we propose a model and an algorithm that will allow the agent to analyse tendencies regarding the number of supporters for each alternative along the process. It is intended that agents can be more dynamic and intelligent and can evaluate different contexts throughout the decision-making process. We believe agents will achieve better and consensual decisions more easily. We tested our model in three simulation environments with different complexity levels. Our model proved that agents that use it will obtain higher average consensus and satisfaction levels. Besides that, agents using this model will obtain those higher consensus and satisfaction levels in most of the times compared to agents that do not use it.
Development of Delayed Hemolytic Anemia After Treatment with Oral Artemether–Lumefantrine in Two Patients with Severe Falciparum Malaria
Authors: Tsuchido Yasuhiro , Nakamura-Uchiyama Fukumi , Toyoda Kasumi , Iwagami Moritoshi , Tochitani Kentaro , Shinohara Koh , Hishiya Naokuni , Ogawa Taku , Uno Kenji , Kasahara Kei , Ouji Yukiteru , Kano Shigeyuki , Mikasa Keiichi , Shimizu Tsunehiro , Yoshikawa Masahide , Maruyama Haruhiko
Published: February 2017

Recently, reports of delayed hemolytic anemia after treatment with artemisinin and its derivatives have emerged. Here we report two cases of delayed hemolytic anemia in a patient with severe falciparum malaria after treatment with oral artemether–lumefantrine (AL). The first patient, a 20-year-old Japanese male student, was diagnosed with falciparum malaria and was administered AL. As having a high parasitemia rate (20.6%) was the only severe malaria criterion met in this case and his general condition was stable, we continued with AL treatment. Despite disappearance of malarial parasites after 4 days of AL administration, a persistent fever remained. On days 13 and 16, a diagnosis of hemolytic anemia was made (lactate dehydrogenase [LDH]: 1,466 U/L, hemoglobin [Hb]: 7.2 g/dL). A blood smear at that time revealed no parasites. He recovered naturally from delayed hemolysis. The second patient, a 27-year-old Japanese female student, was diagnosed with falciparum malaria (parasitemia: 4.5%) and treated initially with oral quinine hydrochloride and doxycycline. The following day, parasitemia increased to 7.9% and oral AL was initiated. She was discharged on day 4 after achieving parasite clearance and afebrility. However, on day 5, fever (body temperature > 38°C) recurred, and on day 11, a diagnosis of hemolytic anemia was made (LDH: 712 U/L, Hb: 8.8 g/dL). A follow-up confirmed that her condition improved gradually. AL treatment of severe malaria can cause delayed hemolytic anemia. Patients should be followed up for up to 4 weeks to detect signs of hemolysis and provide appropriate symptomatic treatment.
Impact of the Integration of Water Treatment, Hygiene, Nutrition, and Clean Delivery Interventions on Maternal Health Service Use
Authors: Fagerli Kirsten , O'Connor Katherine , Kim Sunkyung , Kelley Maureen , Odhiambo Aloyce , Faith Sitnah , Otieno Ronald , Nygren Benjamin , Kamb Mary , Quick Robert
Published: February 2017

Reducing barriers associated with maternal health service use, household water treatment, and improved hygiene is important for maternal and neonatal health outcomes. We surveyed a sample of 201 pregnant women who participated in a clinic-based intervention in Kenya to increase maternal health service use and improve household hygiene and nutrition through the distribution of water treatment products, soap, protein-fortified flour, and clean delivery kits. From multivariable logistic regression analyses, the adjusted odds of ≥ 4 antenatal care (ANC4+) visits (odds ratio [OR] = 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9–4.5), health facility delivery (OR = 5.3, 95% CI = 3.4–8.3), and any postnatal care visit (OR = 2.8, 95% CI = 1.9–4.2) were higher at follow-up than at baseline, adjusting for demographic factors. Women who completed primary school had higher odds of ANC4+ visits (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = 1.1–2.9) and health facility delivery (OR = 4.2, 95% CI = 2.5–7.1) than women with less education. For women who lived ≤ 2.5 km from the health facility, the estimated odds of health facility delivery (OR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.5–4.1) and postnatal care visit (OR = 1.6, 95% CI = 1.0–2.6) were higher than for those who lived > 2.5 km away. Compared with baseline, a higher percentage of survey participants at follow-up were able to demonstrate proper handwashing (P = 0.001); water treatment behavior did not change. This evaluation suggested that hygiene, nutritional, clean delivery incentives, higher education level, and geographical contiguity to health facility were associated with increased use of maternal health services by pregnant women.
Yaws Osteoperiostitis Treated with Single-Dose Azithromycin
Authors: González-Beiras Camila , Vall-Mayans Martí , González-Escalante Ángel , McClymont Kelly , Ma Li , Mitjà Oriol
Published: February 2017

The etiologic agent of yaws, Treponema pallidum subsp. pertenue, causes a multistage infection transmitted by nonsexual contact with the exudates from active lesions. Bone lesions in the form of osteoperiostitis are common and occur in numerous bones simultaneously in early stages. Although a multinational eradication campaign with mass administration of intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin in the 1950s greatly reduced its global incidence, a resurgence of yaws has occurred since around 2000 in western and central Africa and the Pacific Islands. The finding that a single oral dose of azithromycin (30 mg/kg) was as effective as benzathine benzylpenicillin prompted renewed interest by World Health Organization in 2012 toward eradication of this infection by 2020. We previously reported the excellent response to benzathine benzylpenicillin therapy for yaws osteoperiostitis. Herein, we document a confirmed case of yaws with osteoperiostitis successfully treated with single-dose azithromycin and discuss the pathology of yaws periostitis and comment on the implications of this in light of the new campaign toward yaws eradication.
CDIF Integrated Meta-model Data Flow Model Subject Area
Authors:   Systems Management Council
Published: February 2017

The CDIF Family of Standards is primarily designed to be used as a description of a mechanism for transferring information between CASE tools. It facilitates a successful transfer when the authors of the importing and exporting tools have nothing in common except an agreement to conform to CDIF. The language that is defined for the Transfer Format also has applicability as a general language for Import/Export from repositories. The CDIF Integrated Meta-model defined for CASE also has applicability as the basis of standard definitions for use in repositories.

The standards that form the complete family of CDIF Standards are documented in EIA/IS-106 CDIF - CASE Data Interchange Format - Overview. These standards cover the overall framework, the transfer format and the CDIF Integrated Meta-model.

The diagram in Figure 1 depicts the various standards that comprise the CDIF Family of Standards. The shaded box depicts this Standard and its position in the CDIF Family of Standards.

This standard describes the Data Flow Model subject area of the CDIF Integrated Meta-model. This provides support for the expressions of information about Data Flow Modeling techniques.
Self-Propelled Sweepers - Air Flow Performance - Part 1: Suction Air Volume Performance
Authors:   MTC2, Sweeper, Cleaner, and Machinery
Published: February 2017

This SAE Standard establishes a test method and a definition for disclosing the suction air volume performance of self-propelled sweepers that solely use a pneumatic conveyance means for the collection and transfer of “sweepings” into a collection hopper.
OBD Communications Compliance Test Cases for Heavy Duty Components and Vehicles
Authors:   Truck Bus Control and Communications Network Committee
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this Recommended Practice is to verify that vehicles and/or components are capable of communicating a required set of information, in accordance with the diagnostic messages specified in SAE J1939-73, to fulfill the off-board diagnostic tool interface requirements contained in the government regulations cited below.

This document describes the tests, methods, and results for verifying diagnostic communications from an off board diagnostic tool (i.e., scan tool) to a vehicle and/or component. SAE members have generated this document to serve as a guide for testing vehicles for compliance with ARB and other requirements for emissions-related on-board diagnostic (OBD) functions for heavy duty engines used in medium and heavy duty vehicles.

The development of HD OBD regulations by US EPA and California’s Air Resources Board (ARB) require that diagnostic message services are exercised to evaluate diagnostic communication standardization requirements on production vehicles. The user should reference the summary provided by SAE J1939-73 Table 1 and Table 2 for OBD compliance support.

The December 2008 publication of J1939-84 described a test process for EURO IV and EURO V engine emissions and diagnostics regulations, which is given in section 7. The December 2010 version of the document added a test plan and procedures for ARB and US EPA HD OBD requirements with emphasis on 13 CCR 1971.1 (l)(1) Verification of Standardized Requirements, as section 6. The June 2012 version added the observation of the MIL_On to MIL_Off transition for a single trip CCM fault and reformatted tables in section 6 to improve ease of use.
Categorization and Properties of Low-Carbon Automotive Sheet Steels
Authors:   Metals Technical Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice establishes mechanical property ranges for low-carbon automotive hot-rolled sheet, cold-rolled sheet, and metallic-coated sheet steels. It also contains information that explains the different nomenclature used with these steels.
Navigation and Route Guidance Function Accessibility While Driving
Authors:   Driver Metrics, Performance, Behaviors and States Committee
Published: February 2017

This document applies to both Original Equipment Manufacturer and aftermarket route-guidance and navigation system functions for passenger vehicles. It establishes two alternative procedures, a static method and an interrupted vision method, for determining which navigation and route guidance functions should be accessible to the driver while the vehicle is in motion. These methods apply only to the presentation of visual information and the use of manual control inputs to accomplish a navigation or route guidance task.

The document does not apply to visual monitoring tasks which do not require a manual control input, such as route following. Voice-activated controls or passenger operation of controls are also excluded.

There are currently no compelling data that would support the extension of this document to in-vehicle systems other than navigation systems.
Communication between Wireless Charged Vehicles and Wireless EV Chargers
Authors:   Hybrid - EV Committee
Published: February 2017

This SAE Recommended Practice SAE J2847-6 establishes requirements and specifications for communications messages between wirelessly charged electric vehicles and the wireless charger. Where relevant, this document notes, but does not formally specify, interactions between the vehicle and vehicle operator.

This is the 1st version of this document and captures the initial objectives of the SAE task force. The intent of step 1 is to record as much information on “what we think works” and publish. The effort continues however, to step 2 that allows public review for additional comments and viewpoints, while the task force also continues additional testing and early implementation. Results of step 2 effort will then be incorporated into updates of this document and lead to a republished version. The next revision will address the harmonization between SAE J2847-6 and ISO/IEC 15118-7 to ensure interoperability.
Heavy Duty Truck and Bus Electrical Circuit Performance Requirement for 12/24 Volt Electric Starter Motors
Authors:   Truck and Bus Electrical Systems Committee
Published: February 2017

The scope of this SAE Recommended Practice is to describe a design standard to define the maximum recommended voltage drop for starting motor main circuits as well as control system circuits for 12V through 24V starter systems.
Ergonomic Guidelines for Carts and Dollies
Authors:   USCAR
Published: February 2017

This document describes the assessment methods and physical requirements associated with the manual handling of carts and dollies, specific to material handling systems.

All possible designs and applications could not be anticipated in creating these guidelines. Where there are questions of adherence to this document, such as use of an “off-the shelf” design, always consult the responsible Ergonomics Department.

Force guidelines were primarily developed referencing the push/pull psychophysical Snook data contained in A Guide to Manual Materials Handling (second edition) by Mital, Nicholson and Ayoub (NY: Taylor & Francis, 1997). The force guidelines accommodate 75% of female capabilities and 99% of male capabilities.

Factors that were included in the established guideline include: push / pull distances, vertical hand height, horizontal hand height, frequency and wheel / castor alignment and load rating. These factors were used to develop a conservative force guideline. The guidelines assume frequent handling of carts / dollies (handling frequency greater than once per minute) throughout a work shift. For carts that exceed the force guidelines and do not align with the assumptions utilized to determine the guidelines within the document, please contact the appropriate Ergonomic Subject Matter Expert for a deep dive ergonomic analysis. The deep dive analysis will account for the differences in the assumptions (i.e. frequency, push/pull distance, hand height, etc.).
Observations and model simulations of snow albedo reduction in seasonal snow due to insoluble light-absorbing particles during 2014 Chinese survey
Authors: Wang Xin , Pu Wei , Ren Yong , Zhang Xuelei , Zhang Xueying , Shi Jinsen , Jin Hongchun , Dai Mingkai , Chen Quanliang
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A snow survey was carried out to collect 13 surface snow samples (10 for fresh snow, and 3 for aged snow) and 79 subsurface snow samples in seasonal snow at 13 sites across northeastern China in January 2014. A spectrophotometer combined with chemical analysis was used to quantify snow particulate absorption by insoluble light-absorbing particles (ILAPs, e.g., black carbon, BC; mineral dust, MD; and organic carbon, OC) in snow. Snow albedo was measured using a field spectroradiometer. A new radiative transfer model (Spectral Albedo Model for Dirty Snow, or SAMDS) was then developed to simulate the spectral albedo of snow based on the asymptotic radiative transfer theory. A comparison between SAMDS and an existing model – the Snow, Ice, and Aerosol Radiation (SNICAR) – indicates good agreements in the model-simulated spectral albedos of pure snow. However, the SNICAR model values tended to be slightly lower than those of SAMDS when BC and MD were considered. Given the measured BC, MD, and OC mixing ratios of 100–5000, 2000–6000, and 1000–30 000 ng g−1, respectively, in surface snow across northeastern China, the SAMDS model produced a snow albedo in the range of 0.95–0.75 for fresh snow at 550 nm, with a snow grain optical effective radius (Reff) of 100 µm. The snow albedo reduction due to spherical snow grains assumed to be aged snow is larger than fresh snow such as fractal snow grains and hexagonal plate or column snow grains associated with the increased BC in snow. For typical BC mixing ratios of 100 ng g−1 in remote areas and 3000 ng g−1 in heavy industrial areas across northern China, the snow albedo for internal mixing of BC and snow is lower by 0.005 and 0.036 than that of external mixing for hexagonal plate or column snow grains with Reff of 100 µm. These results also show that the simulated snow albedos by both SAMDS and SNICAR agree well with the observed values at low ILAP mixing ratios but tend to be higher than surface observations at high ILAP mixing ratios.
Dominance of climate warming effects on recent drying trends over wet monsoon regions
Authors: Park Chang-Eui , Jeong Su-Jong , Ho Chang-Hoi , Park Hoonyoung , Piao Shilong , Kim Jinwon , Feng Song
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Understanding changes in continental surface dryness is key information for adapting to climate change because of the critical socioeconomic consequences. Recent studies reveal that spatial patterns of continental dryness trends are in contrast to the "dry gets drier, wet gets wetter" paradigm. Causes of the complexity in dryness trends remain uncertain because various climate parameters control continental dryness. Here, we quantify the relative effects of dominant climate drivers on dryness trends over continental East Asia, which is characterized by diverse hydro-climate regimes ranging from humid to arid, by analyzing observed data from 189 weather stations for the period of 1961–2010. Since the early 1980s, monsoon climate zones (east of 100° E) have been getting significantly drier, but the related mechanisms vary according to the hydro-climate regime. Drying trends in arid regions are mostly explained by reduced precipitation. In contrast, in humid areas, the increase in evapotranspiration due to increased atmospheric water-holding capacity, a secondary impact of warming, is the primary condition for the increase in dryness. This drying impact of atmospheric moisture deficiency is much stronger in humid areas than in arid areas. Our results suggest that enhanced atmospheric water demands caused by warming can threaten water resources in wet monsoon areas and possibly in other warm and water-sufficient regions.
Practice and philosophy of climate model tuning across six U.S. modeling centers
Authors: Schmidt Gavin A. , Bader David , Donner Leo J. , Elsaesser Gregory S. , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Hannay Cecile , Molod Andrea , Neale Rich , Saha Suranjana
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Model calibration (or "tuning") is a necessary part of developing and testing coupled ocean-atmosphere climate models regardless of their main scientific purpose. There is an increasing recognition that this process needs to become more transparent for both users of climate model output and other developers. Knowing how and why climate models are tuned and which targets are used is essential to avoiding possible misattributions of skillful predictions to data accommodation and vice versa. This paper describes the approach and practice of model tuning for the six major U.S. climate modeling centers. While details differ among groups in terms of scientific missions, tuning targets and tunable parameters, there is a core commonality of approaches. However, practices differ significantly on some key aspects, in particular, in the use of initialized forecast analyses as a tool, the explicit use of the historical transient record, and the use of the present day radiative imbalance vs. the implied balance in the pre-industrial as a target.
Using satellite-based evapotranspiration estimates to improve the structure of a simple conceptual rainfall–runoff model
Authors: Roy Tirthankar , Gupta Hoshin V. , Serrat-Capdevila Aleix , Valdes Juan B.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Daily, quasi-global (50° N–S and 180° W–E), satellite-based estimates of actual evapotranspiration at 0.25° spatial resolution have recently become available, generated by the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM). We investigate the use of these data to improve the performance of a simple lumped catchment-scale hydrologic model driven by satellite-based precipitation estimates to generate streamflow simulations for a poorly gauged basin in Africa. In one approach, we use GLEAM to constrain the evapotranspiration estimates generated by the model, thereby modifying daily water balance and improving model performance. In an alternative approach, we instead change the structure of the model to improve its ability to simulate actual evapotranspiration (as estimated by GLEAM). Finally, we test whether the GLEAM product is able to further improve the performance of the structurally modified model. Results indicate that while both approaches can provide improved simulations of streamflow, the second approach also improves the simulation of actual evapotranspiration significantly, which substantiates the importance of making diagnostic structural improvements to hydrologic models whenever possible.
Evaluation of dynamic measurement uncertainty – an open-source software package to bridge theory and practice
Authors: Eichstädt Sascha , Elster Clemens , Smith Ian M. , Esward Trevor J.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The analysis of dynamic measurements provides numerous challenges that significantly limit the use of existing calibration facilities and mathematical methodologies. For instance, dynamic measurement analysis requires the application of methods from digital signal processing, system and control theory, and multivariate statistics. The design of digital filters and the corresponding evaluation of measurement uncertainty for high-dimensional measurands are particularly challenging. Several international research projects involving national metrology institutes (NMIs), academia and industry have developed mathematical, statistical and technical methodologies for the treatment of dynamic measurements at NMI level. The aim of the European research project 14SIP08 is the development of guidelines and software to extend the applicability of those methodologies to a wider range of users. This paper outlines the required activities towards a traceability chain for dynamic measurements from NMIs to industrial applications. A key aspect is the development and provision of a new open-source software package. The software is freely available, open for non-commercial distribution, and contains the most important data analysis tools for dynamic measurements.
Zeferino e o problema da seca no Nordeste
Authors: Mourilhe Fabio
Published: February 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho é verificar como os problemas relacionados à caatinga no Nordeste seco, na década de 1970, são tratados nas tiras do Zeferino de Henfil, publicadas na revista Fradim. Para atingir tal intento, traçamos inicialmente um panorama do local, considerando os aspectos culturais, físicos, ecológicos e sociais. O humor de Henfil serve para apontar os problemas ali vigentes e direcionar esta percepção para uma atitude crítica. Não apresenta exatamente uma solução, mas uma exacerbação do problema para que ele possa ser utilizado fora do contexto em metáforas e através de um humor que emerge com a criação de caricaturas da realidade, tornando-a menos insuportável. Palavras-chave: Seca, Henfil, quadrinhos
Flores, cores e formas: o Brasil estampado de chita
Authors: Simili Ivana Guilherme , Barbeiro Priscila
Published: February 2017

No trabalho, a relação entre arte e cultura é examinada por intermédio da análise das apropriações da chita, um tecido que caracteriza a cultura brasileira na criação de visualidades de um livro destinado ao segmento infantil: “Uma festa de cores: Memórias de um tecido brasileiro”, de Anna Gobel e Ronaldo Fraga (2014). Da produção visual encontrada no livro, procuramos identificar como os elementos visuais comunicam aos seus leitores características de brasilidades, a partir da história e da apropriação do tecido na narrativa contada na obra.Palavras-chave: Chita, cultura, imagem
Comida e visualidade
Authors: Azevedo Elaine De , Peled Shay
Published: February 2017

Este estudo teórico-conceitual coloca em evidência temas e debates ligados à alimentação sob uma perspectiva sociopolítica e cultural, a partir de diferentes mídias audiovisuais – cinema, TV, reality shows e vídeos veiculados na internet. O artigo se debruça particularmente sobre filmes no cinema que mobilizam a alimentação como eixo transversal das tramas.  A ideia é complexificar a comida como temática audiovisual e pensá-la como estratégia sensorial.    Palavras-chave: Alimentação, cinema, visualidade