bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Laboratory tests for antithrombin deficiency
Authors: Khor Bernard , Van Cott Elizabeth M.
Published: October 2010

Hereditary antithrombin deficiency is a hypercoagulable state associated with an increased risk for venous thrombosis. The recommended initial test for antithrombin is an activity (functional) assay. The advantages and disadvantages of the various testing options are presented. The causes of acquired antithrombin deficiency are much more common than hereditary deficiency. Therefore, this article describes the appropriate steps to take when antithrombin activity is low, in order to confirm or exclude a hereditary deficiency. The causes of falsely normal results are also described, including direct thrombin inhibitors. Am. J. Hematol. 85:947–950, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An audience response system may influence student performance on anatomy examination questions
Authors: Hoyt Amy , McNulty John A. , Gruener Gregory , Chandrasekhar Arcot , Espiritu Baltazar , Ensminger David , Price Ron , Naheedy Ross
Published: October 2010

This study integrated an in‐house audience response system (ARS) in the human anatomy course over two years to determine whether students performed better on high‐stakes examinations following exposure to similar interactive questions in a large lecture format. Questions in an interactive ARS format were presented in lectures via PowerPoint presentations. Students who chose to participate in the anonymous ARS sessions submitted answers via their personal wireless devices (e.g., laptops, smartphones, PDAs, etc). Students were surveyed for feedback. Student participation in ARS activities was greatest (65–80%) in the first lecture. The number of students who actively participated in ARS activities decreased over the next four sessions, and then slightly increased in the last two sessions. This trend was the same for both years. Use of the ARS did not dramatically enhance overall student performance on examination questions that dealt with content similar to content presented in the ARS sessions. However, students who scored in the lower quartile of the examination performed better on the examination questions after the ARS was implemented. Accordingly, our findings suggest that the effect of ARS to improve student performance on examinations was not uniform. The overall benefit of an ARS to enhance the lecture experience was confirmed by student surveys. Anat Sci Educ. © 2010 American Association of Anatomists.
Primary care physician experience with children with oral clefts in three states
Authors: Damiano Peter C. , Tyler Margaret C. , Romitti Paul A. , Druschel Charlotte , Austin April A. , Burnett Whitney , Robbins James M.
Published: October 2010

BACKGROUND

The experience of primary care physicians in Arkansas, Iowa, and New York treating children with oral clefts (OCs) was investigated, along with their knowledge and comfort caring for or referring these children.

METHODS

A mail survey was conducted with all primary care physicians in Iowa and Arkansas, and a random sample of 4000 physicians in New York, selected from the American Medical Association (AMA) Master File. The final dataset consisted of 1435 usable surveys. Outcome measures were experience and comfort providing care to or referring children with OC. Differences between states were tested using Pearson or Kruskal–Wallis chi‐square tests, or F‐tests for differences in means.

RESULTS

Two‐thirds of respondents had provided care to a child with an OC since completing residency. Physicians were most comfortable providing routine care and much less comfortable providing counseling on cleft‐related issues. Eighty percent had an organized cleft team to which they could refer. About two‐thirds were very comfortable with the expertise available for surgical care, speech, and hearing; half were for dental care; only 40% were for behavioral or emotional counseling. Two‐thirds were interested in continuing medical education (CME) on cleft care.

CONCLUSIONS

Primary care physicians in all three states had little experience with children with OCs. This limited experience poses significant barriers to care. Increased experience during training and CME opportunities could improve knowledge and comfort with providing OC‐related care. Increasing knowledge of referral options for team care and other cleft‐related services could also help physicians when caring for children with OCs. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessment of benefits of a universal screen for maternal alcohol use during pregnancy
Authors: Gifford Anne E. , Farkas Kathleen J. , Jackson Leila W. , Molteno Christopher D. , Jacobson Joseph L. , Jacobson Sandra W. , Bearer Cynthia F.
Published: October 2010

INTRODUCTION: The objective of this report is to estimate the benefits of universal meconium screening for maternal drinking during pregnancy. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), including its most severe manifestation fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS), is preventable and remains a public health tragedy. The incidences of FAS and FASD have been conservatively estimated to be 0.97 and 10 per 1000 births, respectively. Meconium testing has been demonstrated to be a promising at‐birth method for detection of drinking during pregnancy. METHODS: The current costs of FAS and FASD, alcohol treatment programs, and meconium screening were estimated by literature review. Monetary values were converted roughly to equal dollars in 2006. RESULTS: Costs of adding meconium analysis to the current newborn screening program and of treatment for the identified mothers were estimated and compared to potential averted costs that may result from identification and intervention for mothers and affected infants. Three potential maternal treatment strategies are analyzed. Depending on the treatment type, the savings may range from $6 to $97 for every $1 spent on screening and treatment. DISCUSSION: It needs to be emphasized, however, that such screening is premature and that to be effective this screening can be implemented only if there is a societal willingness to institute prevention and intervention programs to improve both women's and children's health. Future research should be directed at improving detection and developing in‐depth prevention and remedial intervention programs. A thorough consideration of the ethical issues involved in such a screening program is also needed. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BioWeld® Tube and surgical glue for experimental sutureless venous microanastomosis
Authors: Schwaiger N , Wu J , Wright B , Morrissey L , Harris M , Rohanizadeh R
Published: October 2010

Background

The medial wall of mammalian veins is generally thin and fragile compared with the thick muscle seen in arteries. This makes venous microanastomoses time consuming and challenging. This study aimed to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using the BioWeld® Tube in conjunction with a surgical glue (butyl-2-cyanoacrylate) in performing sutureless venous microanastomoses.

Methods

The feasibility and effectiveness of microvascular anastomoses in a rabbit jugular vein model were investigated in six animals, using the BioWeld® Tube in conjunction with butyl-2-cyanoacrylate surgical glue. Patency and tissue repair mechanisms at the anastomotic site were assessed 1 week after the procedure.

Results

All anastomoses remained patent at 1 week. Muscle necrosis occurred only in areas where the tissue was subject to the fold-and-bond procedure.

Conclusion

The study showed the feasibility and short-term effectiveness of the BioWeld® Tube in facilitating venous anastomoses.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide promotes profibrotic activation of intestinal fibroblasts (Br J Surg 2010; 97: 1126–1134)
Authors: Bhogal R H , Sutaria R , Afford S C
Published: October 2010

The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Delivering Solvent Based Polymers in Eco‐Friendly Water Based Systems
Authors: Shoaf G. L.
Published: October 2010

Providing solvent‐borne polymer properties in waterborne systems represents a challenge that has been pursued for a long time. This challenge can now be overcome through the use of miniemulsion polymerization, a unique processing approach that can be applied to incorporate a wide range of polymers, many of which have traditionally only been deliverable using organic solvents. This work highlights some of the advantages of using miniemulsion polymer processing for combining acrylic polymers with a wide range of hydrophobic materials including alkyds/uralkyds, rubbers, tackifiers, and optical brighteners. It can be extended to include an assortment of other hydrophobic materials that are soluble in traditional acrylic, vinyl, and/or styrenic monomers. As a result, these traditionally solvent‐borne polymers can now be made available for many different coating applications in an environmentally friendly latex system.
Experimental Study and Modelling of the Resuspension of Settled Particles
Authors: Nitschke D. , Schmidt E.
Published: October 2010

Zur experimentellen Untersuchung von Wiederaufwirbelungen feiner sedimentierter Partikeln von Oberflächen wird ein Verfahren für die reproduzierbare Erzeugung von Partikelschichten auf Oberflächen und die kontrollierte Wiederablösung vorgestellt. Ein theoretischer Ansatz beschreibt die Vorgänge makroskopisch. Es wird ein Resuspensionskoeffizient bestimmt, der in der Lage ist, den Partikelübertritt aus der Schicht in die Strömung zu beschreiben.
Recycling, a Contribution for Safeguarding Resources – New Structural and Technological Challenges
Authors: Goldmann D.
Published: October 2010

Durch den Aufstieg großer Schwellenländer wie China und Indien nimmt der weltweite Rohstoffverbrauch stetig zu. Damit verbunden steigen die Preise für viele Rohstoffe. Vor diesem Hintergrund kommt Abfällen eine zunehmende Bedeutung bei der Ressourcensicherung zu. Abfälle aus Produktion, Dienstleistung und Konsum aber auch anthropogene Lagerstätten wie Halden, Deponien, Gebäude und Infrastrukturen bilden das Potenzial, aus dem geschöpft werden kann. Welche Rohstoffe in welchen Produkten und Anlagen eingesetzt werden, wann und wo diese nach Nutzungsende anfallen und wie diese in den Wirtschaftskreislauf zurückgeführt werden können, wird zunehmend systematischer zu klären und technologieintensiver zu lösen sein. Materialien, deren Vorkommen begrenzt und deren Gewinnung mit hohem Aufwand verbunden ist, vor allem Bunt‐, Sonder‐ und Edelmetalle, stehen dabei besonders im Fokus.
Experience in the Application of Latent Heat Storage Material LC‐58
Authors: Thümmler S.
Published: October 2010

Die effiziente und wirtschaftliche Speicherung von Wärmeenergie steht in engem Zusammenhang mit der Nutzung von Solarenergie. Es wurden mit dem Latentwärmespeichermaterial LC‐58 gefüllte Versuchsspeicher verschiedener Größen entwickelt, die ein neues innovatives System zur Speicherung solarthermischer Energie darstellen. Zur Abdichtung gegen Wasser wurde das korrosive LC‐58 makroverkapselt.
Strategies for a Responsible Handling of Metals and their Resources
Authors: Achzet B. , Zepf V. , Meissner S. , Reller A.
Published: October 2010

Ressourcen und ressourceneffiziente Maßnahmen erfordern in einem Umfeld aus knappen Rohstoffen und volatilen Rohstoffpreisen eine erhöhte Aufmerksamkeit. Jedoch gestaltet sich die Umsetzung von Maßnahmen zur Steigerung der Ressourceneffizienz aufgrund der Dynamik von globalisierten Märkten als äußerst komplex. Um von den sich eröffnenden Chancen nachhaltig zu profitieren, wird daher ein ganzheitliches Verständnis einer Rohstoff‐Wertschöpfungskette benötigt, welche durch soziale, wirtschaftliche, ökologische und politische Faktoren beeinflusst wird.
Factors of risk and maintenance for eating disorders: psychometric exploration of the cross‐cultural questionnaire (CCQ) across five European countries
Authors: Penelo Eva , Granero Roser , Krug Isabel , Treasure Janet , Karwautz Andreas , Anderluh Marija , Bellodi Laura , Cellini Elena , di Bernardo Milena , Nacmias Benedetta , Ricca Valdo , Sorbi Sandro , Tchanturia Kate , Wagner Gudrun , Collier David , Bonillo Albert , Fernández‐Aranda Fernando
Published: October 2010

Objective: To explore the psychometric properties of the Cross‐Cultural Questionnaire (CCQ), a new self‐report tool for assessing factors of risk and maintenance for eating disorders (ED).

Method: Data was collected during a multi‐centre case‐control study. The sample included 854 ED patients and 784 healthy participants from the UK, Spain, Austria, Slovenia and Italy. Exploratory factor analyses examined the factor structure of each section of the CCQ, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients valued the internal consistency of each derived scale score. Logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve procedure assessed the screening accuracy and predictive validity of the empirical factors.

Results: Based on a total of 127 items, nine dimensions emerged, with satisfactory internal consistency and high congruence between countries. CCQ scores demonstrated satisfactory accuracy for discriminating between ED cases and controls (area under the ROC curve = 0.88). Most of the items achieved discriminative accuracy.

Conclusions: This study offers preliminary evidence that the CCQ, available in five languages, is a useful and valid tool to assess factors of risk and maintenance for EDs. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Key Practitioner Message:

• The CCQ is a new self‐report questionnaire for assessing factors of risk and maintenance for eating disorders.

• The CCQ is available in five languages (Spanish, English, German, Italian and Slovenian) and is free of charge for research purposes.

• CCQ scores demonstrated satisfactory accuracy for discriminating between ED cases and controls.
Polyomavirus infection and urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Loghavi Sanam , Bose Shikha
Published: October 2010

Introduction: Polyomavirus infections are common in the general (adult) population with a reported prevalence of more than 80%. Polyomavirus can infect urothelial carcinoma and change the morphology of these malignant cells, as is shown in this paper.

Material and Methods: An eighty year old Hispanic male was referred to the urology clinic for diagnosis and treatment. The submitted voided urine sample was concentrated, processed, and a SurePath preparation was made.

Results and Discussion: The Papanicolaou‐stained slides contained single cells with very large hyperchromatic nuclei with a glassy appearance in addition to atypical neoplastic cells. The single cells with enlarged nuclei proved to stain positive for Simian virus 40 (SV40) antigen. The nuclei of these cells were 2 to 4 times larger than that of the surrounding noninfected atypical cells. These findings were confirmed on histologic sections prepared from tissue biopsy.

Conclusion: In conclusion we report that it is difficult to distinguish benign polyomavirus infected cells from their malignant counterparts in cytology but not in histology. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T‐cell lymphoma with raised serum glycoprotein‐125(CA‐125) and raised ascitic fluid adenosinedeaminase levels initially presenting as ascites: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Bihari Chhagan , Bhatia Vikram , Rastogi Archana , Bhardwaj Vaishali , Jain Deepak , Thapar Shalini
Published: October 2010

We report a case of T‐cell lymphoma presenting as ascites, omental thickening, and raised serum glycoprotein‐125 (CA‐125) and high‐ascitic fluid adenosinedeaminase levels. This case was clinically suspected to be peritoneal carcinomatosis or peritoneal tuberculosis based on clinical, biochemical, and radiological features. However, effusion cytology, cell block, and immunohistochemistry confirmed this case as T‐cell lymphoma. This revealed the role of effusion cytology and cell‐block preparation with imunohistochemistry in the diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The glycolipid sulfatide protects insulin‐producing cells against cytokine‐induced apoptosis, a possible role in diabetes
Authors: Roeske‐Nielsen A. , Dalgaard L. T. , Månsson J.‐E. , Buschard K.
Published: October 2010

Aims/hypothesis

Cytokine‐induced apoptosis is recognised as a major cause of the decline in β‐cell mass that ultimately leads to type 1 diabetes mellitus. Interleukin‐1β, interferon‐γ and tumour necrosis factor‐α in conjunction initiate a series of events that lead to β‐cell apoptosis; important among these is NO production. The glycosphingolipid sulfatide is present in β‐cells in the secretory granules in varying amounts and is secreted together with insulin. We now investigate whether sulfatide is able to protect insulin‐producing cells against the pro‐apoptotic effect of interleukin‐1β, interferon‐γ and tumour necrosis factor‐α.

Methods

INS‐1E cells and genuine rat islets were incubated for 24 h exposed to interleukin‐1β, interferon‐γ and tumour necrosis factor‐α with or without sulfatide. The production of NO was monitored and the number of apoptotic cells was determined using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP Nick‐End labelling and caspase‐3/7 activity assays. In addition, the amount of iNOS mRNA was determined using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

Results

Cytokine‐induced apoptosis was reduced to 27% of cytokine‐treated controls with 30 µmol/L sulfatide treatment (p < 0.01). Likewise, sulfatide in concentrations of 3–30 µmol/L decreased NO production in a dose‐dependent manner to 19–40% of cytokine‐treated controls (overall p = 0.0007). The level of iNOS mRNA after cytokine exposure was reduced to 55% of cytokine‐treated controls with 30 µmol/L of sulfatide.

Conclusions/interpretation

In the present study, we report the ability of sulfatide to significantly reduce apoptosis, cellular leakage and NO production in insulin‐producing cells. Data suggest this is not due to induction of β‐cell rest. Our findings indicate a possible implication for sulfatide in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
C3‐Symmetric Proline‐Functionalized Organocatalysts: Enantioselective Michael Addition Reactions
Authors: Moorthy Jarugu Narasimha , Saha Satyajit
Published: October 2010

C3‐Symmetric, tripodal catalyst 4 based on 1,3,5‐triethylbenzene, which incorporates the features of a molecular receptor, is shown to catalyze Michael addition reactions ofcarbonyl compounds to β‐nitrostyrenes in a high stereoselectivity (up to 99:1 dr and up to 98 % ee).
Ermenek HPP – groundwater table development during impounding
Authors: Güven Selami , Jung Gerald , Kohler Roman , Linortner Johannes
Published: October 2010

Currently the reservoir of Ermenek dam is gradually filling. Impounding started already during construction of the 218 m high concrete arch dam located in karstified limestone. Actually the reservoir level has reached approximately 65 % of its final height. The grout curtain alignment was changed and shortened during project execution to a still remarkable total length of 2.2 km in order to anchor the curtain in the impermeable underlying flysch rocks. The single row curtain was upgraded to a double and partly triple row curtain in the vicinity (200 m) of the dam. Within the present contribution the dam monitoring system is described, the observed groundwater pressure conditions correspond to design assumptions and the treatment of local deviations is discussed.

The gradual filling of the reservoir banks is recorded with great care and interest in order to check reservoir and grout curtain tightness. Stepwise interim evaluations confirm reservoir tightness. Total water inflow from drainage holes to the grouting galleries amounts to∼30 l/s, but the inflow is concentrated in zones accompanying fault F2. The elevation of the groundwater level downstream of the curtain is ∼50 % of upstream pressure which is higher than expected. In the close vicinity of the dam, where a triple row grout curtain and an additional drainage curtain was executed, the downstream water pressure is below 25 % of the upstream water level. In order to improve the conditions in areas with high seepage and pressure different grouting measures with focus on curtain and link holes are carried out with higher pressure than previously applied.

Other observations like groundwater temperature measurements and ongoing execution of dye test are reported as well; although not all final conclusions can be drawn at the moment as impounding is still going on.
Design and construction of the tunnel geothermal system in Jenbach /
Authors: Frodl Stephan , Franzius Jan Niklas , Bartl Thomas
Published: October 2010

On contract H8 – Tunnel Jenbach on the northern approach route to the Brenner Base Tunnel, a 54 km section of tunnel is currently being equipped with a geothermal system making use of energy lining segments, which enable the laying of absorber pipework in the TBM‐driven tunnel. The system will be able to supply energy to the building yard in Jenbach though a connection in the emergency exit shaft. The design of the geothermal energy system covers the design of the energy segments, the sizing of the geothermal system, the installation of the segments in the tunnel and connecting them together in the tunnel and the laying of the connection pipework. Various restrictions resulting from the practicalities of tunnel construction had to be taken into account in the geothermal system. This article describes the experience gained during the design phase and the current state of the works. Then follows a discussion of the conditions for the future application of geothermal systems in tunnels.

Im Baulos H8 – Tunnel Jenbach, als Teil der Zulaufstrecke Nord zum Brenner Basistunnel, wird derzeit ein 54 m langer Tunnelabschnitt mit einer geothermischen Anlage ausgerüstet. Dabei kommen so genannte Energietübbinge zum Einsatz, welche die Verlegung von Absorberleitungen in TBM‐vorgetriebenen Tunneln ermöglichen. Die Anlage wird über einen Notaustiegsschacht mit dem Bauhof der Gemeinde Jenbach verbunden, um diesen in Zukunft mit Wärmeenergie zu versorgen. Die Planung der Geothermieanlage erstreckte sich von der Bemessung der Energietübbinge, der Dimensionierung der Geothermieanlage, dem Einbau der Energietübbinge in den Tunnel, die Verbindung der Energietübbinge untereinander im Tunnel bis zur Verlegung der Anschlussleitungen. Dabei mussten zahlreiche tunnelbauspezifische Randbedingungen beachtet und mit den Erfordernissen der technischen Gebäudeplanungen abgestimmt werden. Dieser Beitrag berichtet über die in der Planungsphase gewonnenen Erfahrungen und stellt den derzeitigen Stand der Arbeiten vor. Abschließend wird diskutiert, unter welchen Rahmenbedingungen geothermische Systeme in zukünftigen Tunnelprojekten integriert werden könnten.
Geothermal energy systems for major projects – design and construction /
Authors: Hofinger Hans , Markiewicz Roman , Adam Dietmar , Unterberger Wolfgang
Published: October 2010

The application of geothermal energy has increased in the last couple of years in order to provide the heating or cooling demands of major projects. Open systems using groundwater directly can be used for geothermal energy extraction as well as closed systems with absorber pipes installed in underground structures. An accurate design, which considers the requirements of the energy consumer in particular but also the subsoiland groundwater conditions, the foundation concept and the building structure, as well as project‐specific technical, legal and economic conditions, is required for economically efficient application. Diligent supervision is necessary during the construction stage to avoid any damage to absorber pipes, which could result in loss of performance.

Zur Deckung des Heiz‐ oder Kühlbedarfs bei Großprojekten wird in den letzten Jahren vermehrt auf eine Erdwärmenutzung gesetzt. Dabei kommen sowohl offene Systeme wie eine direkte Grundwassernutzung als auch geschlossene Systeme mit Absorberleitungen in erdberührten Bauteilen zur Anwendung. Für eine wirtschaftliche Umsetzung bedarf es zunächst einer sorgfältigen Planung, wobei insbesondere die Anforderungen des Nutzers, die Untergrund‐ und Grundwasserverhältnisse, das Gründungskonzept einschließlich der Gebäudestruktur sowie projektspezifische technische, rechtliche und wirtschaftliche Randbedingungen zu berücksichtigen sind. In der Bauphase ist für eine plangemäße Umsetzung mit besonderer Sorgfalt vorzugehen, um Beschädigungen der Absorberleitungen und somit Leistungsminderungen zu vermeiden.
Geothermal prognoses for tunnels in the Andes /
Authors: Höfer‐Öllinger Giorgio , Millen Bernard
Published: October 2010

Geothermal prognoses were carried out for two tunnel projects in the Andes, each running between Argentina and Chile. Different methods were applied in accordance with the different project phases.

For the feasibility study of a 52 km long railway tunnel, hydrogeological mapping and hydrochemical analyses were carried out as well as isotope analyses on a thermal spring. An attempt to use silica and ionic solute geothermometers produced different results. For the central section of the tunnel temperatures are assumed to reach 50 to 70 °C and further investigations are recommended.

The second tunnel project is now in the design phase. Two investigation phases have been completed including geological/ hydrogeological mapping, water sampling and analysis and core drilling. The geothermal gradient is well known from borehole temperature measurements. The thermal conductivity of the rocks was determined from core samples in a laboratory, and an average heat flow of approximately 100 mW/m2 was calculated. During the driving of the tunnel, temperatures of just over 50 °C are expected.

Für zwei Tunnelvorhaben in den Anden, jeweils zwischen Argentinien und Chile, wurden geothermische Prognosen durchgeführt. Für verschiedene Projektphasen kamen entsprechend unterschiedliche Methoden zur Anwendung:

Für eine Machbarkeitsstudie eines 52 km langen Eisenbahntunnels wurde eine Quellkartierung mit Probennahme durchgeführt sowie Isotopenanalytik an einer Thermalquelle. Ein Versuch, Geothermometer anhand der Lösungsfracht des Quellwassers zu verwenden, scheiterte. Für den zentralen Bereich des Tunnels werden Temperaturen von 50 bis 70 °C vermutet, weitere Erkundungen wurden empfohlen.

Das zweite Tunnelvorhaben ist in der Planungsphase deutlich weiter. Neben Kartierungen liegen zwei Erkundungsphasen mit Kernbohrungen vor. Aus Bohrlochmessungen ist der geothermische Gradient bekannt, die Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Gesteine wurde anhand von Bohrkernen im Labor ermittelt. Es konnte ein durchschnittlicher Wärmefluss von etwa 100 mW/m2 errechnet werden, für den Tunnelvortrieb werden Gebirgstemperaturen von maximal knapp über 50 °C erwartet.
Aicha‐Mauls on the Brenner Base Tunnel – status of the works and results /
Authors: Quick Hubert , Bergmeister Konrad , Facchin Ezio , Michael Joachim
Published: October 2010

The paper reports on the current status of work on the conventionally excavated Mauls Tunnel and the mechanically bored Aicha Tunnel and presents the results of the geological, hydrogeological and geotechnical documentation. The knowledge gained from the investigation works will have great significance for the design and the implications for the construction of the main bores of the Brenner Base Tunnel. The example of the failure in the Aicha Tunnel is used to describe the measures to find the cause and the consequences for risk management are explained.

Der Beitrag berichtet über den aktuellen Stand der Bauarbeiten am konventionell aufgefahrenen Tunnel Mauls und dem maschinell aufgefahrenen Tunnel Aicha und stellt die Ergebnisse der geologischen, hydrogeologischen und geotechnischen Dokumentationen vor. Hinsichtlich der Auswirkungen auf das Design und der Folgerungen für den Bau der Hauptröhren des Brenner Basistunnels sind die bisher gewonnenen Erkenntnisse aus den Erkundungsarbeiten von sehr wesentlicher Bedeutung. Am Beispiel eines Schadensfalls im Tunnel Aicha werden Ergebnisse der Maßnahmen zur Klärung der Schadensursache vorgestellt und Auswirkungen auf das Risikomanagement erläutert.
Assessment of the interaction of TBM and rock mass in rock tunnelling based on geomechanical calculations /
Authors: Keiper Knut , Crapp Remo , Amberg Francesco
Published: October 2010

Continuous tunnelling in rock under deep overburden necessitates – particularly when a tunnel boring machine (TBM) with shield is used – extensive consideration of the processes of stress transfer resulting from the advance of the tunnel. In order to design the constructional layout of the TBM, it must be possible to estimate the actions to be expected on the cutterhead, shield skin and shield tail.

Proven analytical calculation methods like the convergence confinement method are still in common use because of their simple application and deliver reliable results for the loading on the tunnel lining, but the variable equilibrium in the advance area is not sufficiently taken into account, although of decisive significance for the determination of the possible loading on the TBM – and thus for the assessment of the feasibility of the tunnelling method – and so a method is required, which can take this into account.

This paper starts with analytical and empirical modelling methods and describes ways of extending them and their scope of application. Rotationally symmetrical modelling methods, which are manageable in practice, are presented and their possible applications are explained. A particular feature is the possibility of simulating rapidly changing rock conditions, such as are encountered when tunnelling through fault zones.

Kontinuierliche Vortriebe im Fels unter hohen Überlagerungsverhältnissen erfordern – insbesondere im Hinblick auf den Einsatz von Tunnelbohrmaschinen (TBM) mit Schild – eine umfassende Betrachtung der vortriebsbedingten Spannungsumlagerungsprozesse. Dabei muss für eine zielgerichtete konstruktive Auslegung der TBM eine Einschätzung der zu erwartenden Einwirkungen im Bereich des Bohrkopfs, des Schildmantels und im Bereich des Schildschwanzes erfolgen.

Bewährte analytische Berechnungsmethoden wie Gebirgskennlinienverfahren sind auch heute aufgrund deren einfachen Anwendbarkeit noch weit verbreitet und liefern zuverlässige Ergebnisse für die Belastung der Tunnelauskleidung. Das veränderliche Gleichgewicht im Vortriebsbereich wird dabei aber ungenügend betrachtet. Dies ist jedoch für die Bewertung der möglichen Belastungen auf die TBM – und damit für die Bewertung der Machbarkeit des Vortriebs – von entscheidender Bedeutung und bedarf daher einer angemessenen Berücksichtigung.

Im Beitrag werden ausgehend von analytischen und empirischen Modellansätzen deren Erweiterungsmöglichkeiten und Anwendungsgrenzen aufgezeigt. Weiter werden in der Praxis gut handhabbare rotationssymmetrische numerische Modellvorstellungen vorgestellt und deren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten veranschaulicht. Insbesondere wird auf die Simulationsmöglichkeiten von rasch wechselnden Gebirgsverhältnissen eingegangen, wie sie bei der Durchörterung von Störungszonen auftreten.
TBM‐S without active support at the limits of its capabilities /
Authors: Bach Dietmar , Köpf Manfred , Lemmerer Johann , Salcher Nicole
Published: October 2010

Three tunnels in the Perschling tunnel chain were driven successively by one TBM‐S. In the course of the first two drives, there were many situations when the TBM‐S without active face support was at the limits of its capabilities. The last tunnel to be driven was the Raingruben Tunnel with a length of 2,100 m. Based on the experience from the first two tunnels, advance ground improvement measures like grouting and groundwater lowering were undertaken in areas expected to be difficult. The measures meant that the drive could pass through the problem zones successfully. After about two thirds of the tunnel length under about 40 m of overburden, there were repeated collapses of the face. These reached a sudden peak with a major collapse of the face with an overbreak 34 m high above the crown, which extended almost to the surface. This blocked the cutterhead and the drive was stopped for five months. Various measures were undertaken in many stages to permit the TBM to restart. On account of the ground improvement works carried out from the surface, the remaining stretch was successfully bored and the tunnel structures of the Perschling chain were completed on schedule.

Bei der Tunnelkette Perschling wurden hintereinander drei Tunnel von einer TBM‐S aufgefahren. Im Zuge der ersten beiden Vortriebe kam es zu mehreren Situationen im Grenzbereich der Anwendung einer TBM‐S ohne aktive Ortsbruststützung. Als letzter Tunnel wurde der Raingrubentunnel mit einer Vortriebslänge von 2.100 m aufgefahren. Auf Basis der Erkenntnisse und Erfahrungen aus den ersten beiden Tunnelvortrieben wurden im Vorfeld gebirgsverbessernde Maßnahmen wie Injektionen und Grundwasserabsenkungen in vermutlichen Problembereichen durchgeführt. Aufgrund dieser Maßnahmen konnte der Vortrieb die Problemzonen erfolgreich durchörtern. Nach rund zwei Dritteln der Vortriebsstrecke bei rund 40 m Überlagerung kam es jedoch vermehrt zu Ortsbrustverbrüchen. Diese gipfelten schließlich in einem größeren Ortsbrustverbruch mit einem 34 m hohen Überbruch in der Firste, der knapp unter die Oberfläche reichte. Dadurch wurde der Bohrkopf blockiert, und der Vortrieb stand für fünf Monate still. In weiterer Folge wurden verschiedene Maßnahmen durchgeführt, die das Wiederanfahren der TBM in mehreren Schritten ermöglichten. Aufgrund der durchgeführten Bodenverbesserung von über Tage aus konnte der restliche Vortriebsbereich mit der TBM‐S erfolgreich aufgefahren werden und ermöglichte die zeitgerechte Gesamtfertigstellung des Rohbaus der Tunnelkette Perschling.
The management of heat flow in deep mines /
Authors: Wagner Horst
Published: October 2010

With the ever‐increasing depth of mines, the management of heat has become a key issue for their design and operation. There are two main sources of heat: heat transfer from the rock mass into the mine workings and heat associated with mining operations. The principles of heat transfer from the rock mass are discussed and basic relationships presented. Sources of heat linked to mining operations are discussed. It is shown that in deep‐level mines, heat transfer from the rock mass accounts more than 75 % of total mine heat load. In highly mechanized coal mines, heat from the use of mining machinery is also significant. Some models of heat flow prediction for deep gold mines are presented. It is shown that in the case of deep mines, control of heat flow is more important than increasing refrigeration capacity. Examples of heat flow management methods are given.

Durch die ständig zunehmende Teufe der Abbaubetriebspunkte wird die Erdwärme zu einem Schlüsselfaktor hinsichtlich Planung und Betrieb von tiefliegenden Bergwerken. Es gibt zwei Hauptwärmequellen, einerseits den Wärmeübergang vom umgebenden Gebirge in die Grubenbaue sowie wärmeproduzierende Arbeitsvorgänge unter Tage. Dieser Beitrag erörtert die Grundsätze des Wärmetransfers aus dem Gebirge und stellt grundlegende Zusammenhänge dar. Darüber hinaus wird auf Wärmequellen im Bergbaubetrieb eingegangen. In tiefliegenden Bergwerken trägt der Wärmeübergang aus dem Gebirge mehr als 75 % zur gesamten Wärmebelastung bei, im Fall von hoch mechanisierten Kohlebergwerken ist die Wärme von Vortriebs‐ und Gewinnungsmaschinen signifikant. Einige Modelle für die Voraussagung von Wärmeströmen in tiefliegenden Goldbergwerken werden dargestellt. Es zeigt sich, dass die Kontrolle von Wärmeströmen wichtiger ist als die Erhöhung der Kühlleistung. Einige Beispiele zeigen Möglichkeiten zum Umgang mit Wärmeströmen auf.
Approaches to technical solutions for tunnelling in swellable ground /
Authors: Kirschke Dieter
Published: October 2010

“Swelling” is generally taken to mean the expansion of a rock due to water absorption. The main intention of this paper is to point out the significant difference between the swelling of clay and claystone (Tonstein) on one hand and the swelling of claystone and marl containing anhydrite on the other. In the opinion of the author, these differences are so large that they should be described as different phenomena. Leopold Müller has already proposed the introduction of different German terms: “Quellen” for clay and “Schwellen” for anhydrite. Unfortunately, this terminology has not caught on, probably because the word swelling is used in English for both processes. The resulting merging has hindered research into anhydrite swelling for decades, and the development of calculation methods and technical solutions for tunnelling in anhydrite‐bearing ground is still at an early stage. In contrast, the problem of clay swelling can be regarded as largely solved.

Unter “Quellen” wird ganz allgemein die Ausdehnung eines Gesteins infolge von Wasseraufnahme verstanden. Hauptanliegen des vorliegenden Beitrags ist es, auf die beträchtlichen Unterschiede zwischen Quellvorgängen in Ton und Tonstein einerseits und in anhydrithaltigem Ton‐ und Mergelstein andererseits hinzuweisen. Nach der Überzeugung des Autors sind die Unterschiede so groß, dass man eigentlich von zwei verschiedenen Phänomenen sprechen muss. Schon Leopold Müller hat deshalb getrennte Begriffe einzuführen versucht: “Quellen” für Ton und “Schwellen” für Anhydrit. Bedauerlicherweise hat sich diese Terminologie nicht durchsetzen können, vermutlich auch wegen der Verwendung des Worts “swelling” in der englischen Sprache für beide Vorgänge. Die damit verbundene Gleichsetzung hat jahrzehntelang die Erforschung des Anhydritschwellens behindert. Die Entwicklung von Rechenansätzen und von technischen Lösungen für Tunnel in Anhydritgestein befindet sich letztlich immer noch in einer Frühphase. Dagegen kann das Problem des Tonquellens als weitestgehend gelöst angesehen werden.
Heavy/binge drinking and depressive symptoms in older adults: gender differences
Authors: Choi Namkee G. , DiNitto Diana M.
Published: October 2010

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to examine gender similarity/difference in the association between depressive symptoms (11‐item Center for Epidemiologic Scale for Depression (CES‐D) scores), on the one hand, and frequency and amount of alcohol use, on the other, among older adults.

Methods

Data came from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (NSHAP), Wave 1, which included a nationally representative probability sample (n = 2924) of community‐dwelling individuals aged 57–85. Heavy/binge drinking was defined as the consumption of 4+ drinks for men and 3+ drinks for women per drinking day. The relationship between CES‐D scores and the frequency and amount of alcohol consumption was tested using gender‐separate, 2‐step ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analyses.

Results

A significant proportion of both men (67.7%) and women (52.2%) had consumed alcohol in the preceding 3 months, and 12.3% of male and 8.4% of female drinkers were heavy/binge drinkers. Substantial differences between male and female heavy drinkers were found in sociodemographics, health status, and social support and social engagement. Regression results show that both frequency of drinking and heavy/binge drinking, as opposed to abstinence, were significantly positively associated with men's CES‐D scores, but not with women's.

Conclusion

Heavy/binge‐drinking older men may use alcohol to cope with depressive mood, and heavy drinking might also contribute to their social isolation and depressive symptoms. Depression screening and treatment for older men should be accompanied by alcohol screening and treatment and vice versa. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High expression of cancer testis antigens MAGE‐A, MAGE‐C1/CT7, MAGE‐C2/CT10, NY‐ESO‐1, and gage in advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx
Authors: Figueiredo David L. A. , Mamede Rui C. M. , Spagnoli Giulio C. , Silva Wilson A. , Zago Marco , Neder Luciano , Jungbluth Achim A. , Saggioro Fabiano P.
Published: October 2010

Background.

Despite diagnostic and therapeutic advances in head and neck cancer, the 5‐year survival of patients with laryngeal cancer has not improved in the last 30 years. Several recent studies indicate that specific targets for immunotherapeutic approaches can be useful in the control of cancer. There is considerable interest in the expression of cancer testis antigens in human cancers since they may serve as the basis for an immunologic approach to therapy.

Methods.

We evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis the expression of cancer testis antigens MAGE‐A4 (57B), MAGE‐C1 (CT7‐33), MAGE‐A1 (MA454), MAGE‐A3 (M3H67), MAGE‐C2 (CT10.5), NY‐ESO‐1 (E978), and GAGE (GAGE) in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the larynx.

Results.

A total of 63 cases (57 men and 6 women) of laryngeal SCC were available for this study. The findings were correlated with the clinical course and laboratory data. Expression of at least 1 cancer testis antigen was detected in 42 of 63 of the laryngeal SCCs (67%). In 34 of 42 of the positive cases (81%) there was simultaneous expression of ≥2 cancer testis antigens. There was significant correlation between antigen expression and advanced tumor stage (stage III/IV) in cases with reactivity to only 1 antibody (p = .01) as well as in the cases with reactivity to ≥2 primary antibodies (≥2 mAbs, p = .04). There was no association between survival and expression of any of the analyzed antigens.

Conclusions.

We find a high incidence of cancer testis antigen expression in SCCs of the larynx, which was correlated with advanced clinical stage. Our data indicate that cancer testis antigens could be valuable vaccine targets in laryngeal tumors, especially in those with a worse prognosis. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2011
Indirect warnings and instructions produce behavioral compliance
Authors: Wogalter Michael S. , Feng Eric
Published: October 2010

Most research on warnings assumes a direct flow of information from the source directly to receivers. Reading a manufacturer's product label or manual are examples of directly received warnings. Some communications, however, involve one or more intervening entities (e.g., another person or organization) that serve to convey warning information to the ultimate receiver. With indirect warnings the information does not come directly from the source manufacturer but comes from another entity. The present research examined whether indirectly received warnings benefit compliance in the absence of directly relayed warnings. Participants performed a computer‐memory installation task, in which compliance to three (subtask) behaviors given in the complete instructions/warnings was measured. The effectiveness of indirect warnings was evident. Indirect warning compliance was nearly as high as (but not significantly different from) the direct warning. Implications for the design of hazard communication systems and for warnings in forensic investigations are discussed. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The effects of virtual industrial training on mental workload during task performance
Authors: Leung Gilbert T. C. , Yucel Gulcin , Duffy Vincent G.
Published: October 2010

This research examines the impact of task complexity, experience level, hazard perception, and simulated tool breakage on an overall mental workload rating. In this study, 100 participants were tested after using a desktop virtual reality training system that simulated a Computer Numerical Control (CNC) milling operation. Differences based on hazard perception and retention interval were also considered. Training conditions were varied for the participants so that the contribution of visual cues, auditory cues, and written instructions could be tested. The participants were asked to determine the best machining outcome during the training period. Results were consistent with previous literature and indicated that the overall mental workload was significantly influenced by task complexity and experience level. Results also suggested that hazard perception as new contributor could be added to the mental workload model for an industrial task of this type. Moreover, the impact of simulated tool breakage on performance was investigated, and it was found that performance was significantly affected by the presence of simulated tool breakage. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The vitamin D analogue 2MD increases bone turnover but not BMD in postmenopausal women with osteopenia: Results of a 1-year phase 2 double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial
Authors: DeLuca Hector F , Bedale Wendy , Binkley Neil , Gallagher J Chris , Bolognese Michael , Peacock Munro , Aloia John , Clagett-Dame Margaret , Plum Lori
Published: October 2010

Most osteoporosis drugs act by inhibiting bone resorption. A need exists for osteoporosis therapies that stimulate new bone formation. 2-Methylene-19-nor-(20S)-1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (2MD) is a vitamin D analogue that potently stimulates bone formation activity in vitro and in the ovariectomized rat model. In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of osteopenic women, the effect of daily oral treatment with 2MD on bone mineral density (BMD), serum markers of bone turnover, and safety were assessed over 1 year. Volunteers were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: placebo (n = 50), 220 ng of 2MD (n = 54), and 440 ng of 2MD (n = 53). In general, 2MD was well tolerated. Although 2MD caused a marked increase in markers of bone formation, it did not significantly increase BMD. Since 2MD also shows marked activity on bone resorption (as revealed by dose-dependent increases in serum C-telopeptide cross-links of type I collagen in this study), 2MD likely stimulated both bone formation and bone resorption, thereby increasing bone remodeling. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Treatment of insomnia in adults and children: a practice‐friendly review of research
Authors: Taylor Daniel J. , Roane Brandy M.
Published: October 2010

Chronic insomnia affects nearly 16% of adults and up to 25% of children. Many clinicians are unfamiliar with the research and practice of psychological treatments of insomnia and thus do not use them with their patients. The primary goals of this article were to (a) review the research support for psychological treatments of adult and child insomnia, and (b) describe those treatments with the highest level of research support in enough detail to allow practitioners to begin to utilize them with their own patients. The adult psychological treatments with the best research support are stimulus control, progressive muscle relaxation, and multimodal cognitive–behavioral therapy, followed by multimodal behavioral therapy, sleep restriction, biofeedback, and paradoxical intention. The child psychological treatments with the highest level of research support are preventive parent education, unmodified extinction, and extinction with parental presence, followed by graduated extinction, bedtime fading/positive routines, and scheduled awakenings. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 66:1–11, 2010.