bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of paediatric CT dose indicators for the purpose of optimisation
Authors: Brady Z , Ramanauskas F , Cain T M , Johnston P N
Published: July 2012

Objectives

To establish local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) at the Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) Melbourne, Parkville, Australia, for typical paediatric CT examinations and compare these with international diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) to benchmark local practice. In addition, the aim was to develop a method of analysing local scan parameters to enable identification of areas for optimisation.

Methods

A retrospective audit of patient records for paediatric CT brain, chest and abdomen/pelvis examinations was undertaken. Demographic information, examination parameters and dose indicators—volumetric CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose–length product (DLP)—were collected for 220 patients. LDRLs were derived from mean survey values and the effective dose was estimated from DLP values. The normalised CTDIvol values, mAs values and scan length were analysed to better identify parameters that could be optimised.

Results

The LDRLs across all age categories were 18–45 mGy (CTDIvol) and 250–700 mGy cm (DLP) for brain examinations; 3–23 mGy (CTDIvol) and 100–800 mGy cm (DLP) for chest examinations; and 4–15 mGy (CTDIvol) and 150–750 mGy cm (DLP) for abdomen/pelvis examinations. Effective dose estimates were 1.0–1.6 mSv, 1.8–13.0 mSv and 2.5–10.0 mSv for brain, chest and abdomen/pelvis examinations, respectively.

Conclusion

The RCH mean CTDIvol and DLP values are similar to or lower than international DRLs. Use of low-kilovoltage protocols for body imaging in younger patients reduced the dose considerably. There exists potential for optimisation in reducing body scan lengths and justifying the selection of reference mAs values. The assessment method used here proved useful for identifying specific parameters for optimisation.

Advances in knowledge

Assessment of individual CT parameters in addition to comparison with DRLs enables identification of specific areas for CT optimisation.
Convergence and divergence of Kleinian punctured torus groups
Authors: Ito Kentaro
Published: July 2012

In this paper we give a necessary and sufficient condition in which a sequence of Kleinian punctured torus groups converges. This result tells us that every exotically convergent sequence of Kleinian punctured torus groups is obtained by the method due to Anderson and Canary ( Invent. Math. 1996). Thus we obtain a complete description of the set of points at which the space of Kleinian punctured torus groups self-bumps. We also discuss Hausdorff limits of sequences of Bers slices.
Erratum to: The superstring cosmological constant and the Schottky form in genus 5
Authors: Grushevsky Samuel , Manni Riccardo Salvati
Published: July 2012

We correct the mistake in the proof of Theorem 15 in our paper [3, AJM 133 (2011), no. 4]. The mistake is basically in that one term in the Taylor series expansion was forgotten, and to prove vanishing we need to treat the resulting expression more carefully. We would like to thank Giulio Codogni for detailed analysis of our argument and for pointing out the mistake to us, and we are grateful to Enrico Arbarello for stimulating discussions.
A characterization of the Z n ⊕Z( δ ) lattice and definite nonunimodular intersection forms
Authors: Owens Brendan , Strle Sašo
Published: July 2012

We prove a generalization of Elkies' characterization of the ${\Bbb{Z}}^n$
lattice to nonunimodular definite
forms (and lattices). Combined with inequalities of Fr{\o}yshov and of Ozsv\'{a}th and Szab\'{o}, this
gives a simple test of whether a rational homology three-sphere may bound a definite four-manifold. As an
example we show that small positive surgeries on torus knots do not bound negative-definite four-manifolds.
Normal forms for nonintegrable almost CR structures
Authors: Zaitsev Dmitri
Published: July 2012

We propose two constructions extending the Chern-Moser normal form to non-integrable Levi-nondegenerate (hypersurface type) almost CR structures. One of them translates the Chern-Moser normalization into pure intrinsic setting, whereas the other directly extends the (extrinsic) Chern-Moser normal form by allowing non-CR embeddings that are in some sense "maximally CR". One of the main differences with the classical integrable case is the presence of the non-integrability tensor at the same order as the Levi form, making impossible a good quadric approximation---a key tool in the Chern-Moser theory. Partial normal forms are obtained for general almost CR structures of any CR codimension, in particular, for almost-complex structures. Applications are given to the equivalence problem and the Lie group structure of the group of all CR-diffeomorphisms.
Bergman-type singular integral operators and the characterization of Carleson measures for Besov-Sobolev spaces on the complex ball
Authors: Volberg Alexander , Wick Brett D.
Published: July 2012

The purposes of this paper are twofold. First, we extend the method of
non-homogeneous harmonic analysis of Nazarov, Treil, and Volberg to handle
"Bergman-type" singular integral operators. The canonical example of such
an operator is the Beurling transform on the unit disc. Second, we use the
methods developed in this paper to settle the important open question
about characterizing the Carleson measures for the Besov-Sobolev space of
analytic functions $B^\sigma_2$ on the complex ball of ${\Bbb{C}}^d$. In
particular, we demonstrate that for any $\sigma> 0$, the Carleson measures
for the space are characterized by a "T1 Condition". The method of proof
of these results is an extension and another application of the work
originated by Nazarov, Treil, and the first author.
Quotients of products of curves, new surfaces with p g = 0 and their fundamental groups.
Authors: Bauer Ingrid , Catanese Fabrizio , Grunewald Fritz , Pignatelli Roberto
Published: July 2012

We construct many new surfaces of general type with $q=p_g = 0$ whose canonical model is the quotient of the product of two curves by the action of a finite group $G$, constructing in this way many new interesting fundamental groups which distinguish connected components of the moduli space of surfaces of general type. We indeed classify all such surfaces whose canonical model is singular (the smooth case was classified in an earlier work). As an important tool we prove a structure theorem giving a precise description of the fundamental group of quotients of products of curves by the action of a finite group $G$.
C 1, α regularity of solutions to parabolic Monge-Ampére equations
Authors: Daskalopoulos Panagiota , Savin Ovidiu
Published: July 2012

We study interior $C^{1, \alpha}$ regularity of viscosity solutions of the parabolic Monge-Amp\'ere equation
$$
u_t = b(x,t)\,\big(\!\det D^2 u\big)^p,
$$
with exponent $p >0$ and with coefficients $b$ which are bounded and measurable. We show that
when $p$ is less than the critical power $1\over{n-2}$ then solutions become instantly $C^{1,\alpha}$
in the interior. Also, we prove the same result for any power $p>0$ at those points where either the
solution separates from the initial data, or where the initial data is $C^{1,\beta}$.
A Gröbner basis for Kazhdan-Lusztig ideals
Authors: Woo Alexander , Yong Alexander
Published: July 2012

{\it Kazhdan-Lusztig ideals}, a family of generalized determinantal ideals
investigated in [Woo-Yong~'08], provide an explicit choice of coordinates
and equations encoding a neighborhood of a torus-fixed point of a Schubert
variety on a type $A$ flag variety. Our main result is a Gr\"{o}bner basis
for these ideals. This provides a single geometric setting to
transparently explain the naturality of pipe dreams on the {\it Rothe
diagram of a permutation}, and their appearance in: \begin{itemize}
\item combinatorial formulas [Fomin-Kirillov '94] for Schubert and
Grothendieck polynomialsof [Lascoux-Sch\"{u}tzenberger '82];
\item the equivariant $K$-theory specialization formula of
[Buch-Rim\'{a}nyi '04]; and
\item a positive combinatorial formula for multiplicities of Schubert
varieties in good cases, including those for which the associated
Kazhdan-Lusztig ideal is homogeneous under the standard grading.
\end{itemize} Our results generalize (with alternate proofs) [Knutson-Miller '05]'s
Gr\"{o}bner basis theorem for Schubert determinantal ideals and their
geometric interpretation of the monomial positivity of Schubert
polynomials. We also complement recent work of [Knutson '08 $\&$ '09] on
degenerations of Kazhdan-Lusztig varieties in general Lie type, as well as
work of [Goldin '01] on equivariant localization and of [Lakshmibai-Weyman
'90], [Rosenthal-Zelevinsky '01], and [Krattenthaler '01] on Grassmannian
multiplicity formulas.
Seven Years of Seven Stories: The Center for Children’s Books Comes of Age
Authors: Lawrance Sarah
Published: July 2012

Founded in 1996, Seven Stories opened to the public in Newcastle upon Tyne in 2005. The museum is now firmly established as an influential champion for children’s books in the UK. How has this been achieved and what are its priorities now?
Michelle Paver: Ancient Magic for a Modern, Greener World
Authors: Pavlik Anthony
Published: July 2012

This article examines the work of Michelle Paver, a relative newcomer in the world of children’s literature. The discussion specifically considers Paver’s Chronicles of Ancient Darkness series in relation to recent developments in green fiction for children, and in particular, identifies the series as part of a trend that asks readers not simply to be more aware of the natural world and its plight, but to go further and re-examine the nature of the relationship between humankind and the natural world.
Rewriting Colonial Histories in Historical Fictions for the Young: From Below and Above
Authors: Grzegorczyk Blanka
Published: July 2012

To write for the young in twenty-first-century Britain is to engage with the highly charged discourses of race, identity, and history. Accordingly, this paper examines the novels of three writers who have made the appropriation of marginalized sensibilities the central premise of their historical fictions. It considers how these writers ask what certain past events might mean for a marginalized group’s understanding of its present interests and future prospects as well as asking how to reinvent Britain’s past and present for those who are marginalized by a dominant ideology.
Spectacle, Spectatorship, and Sympathy in Aphra Behn's Oroonoko
Authors: Mallipeddi Ramesh
Published: July 2012

This article examines how Aphra Behn employs the language of spectacle and extreme visuality in Oroonoko (1688) as a strategy for conveying exoticism to the reader's gaze. The novella presents the New World landscape, Native American customs, Oroonoko's black body, and his heroism and victimization with a degree of excessive and hyperbolic intensity. I argue that Behn's novella grasps, in a way no other work of its time does, the transformation of the black body into a commodity at the moment of its insertion into circuits of commercial exchange in the Atlantic basin. By focusing on the female narrator's vicarious response to the spectacle of Oroonoko's public execution, I also suggest that the novella formulates fundamental dilemmas intrinsic to scenes of sympathy[&mdash]dilemmas that would continue to shape the English citizens' engagement with Caribbean slaves throughout the long eighteenth century.
Taste Communities: The Rise of the Amateur in Eighteenth-Century Paris
Authors: Guichard Charlotte
Published: July 2012

This article makes a case for the amateur being a key figure in the eighteenth-century Parisian artistic space, between the patron, characteristic of court society in early modern times, and the collector, who emerged later in the nineteenth century. Described in the language of taste, amateurs were not only engaged in aesthetic judgments: removed from this Kantian conception of taste, the article explores the role of amateurs in the production of knowledge and the cognitive dimension of taste in eighteenth-century Paris. In the culture of amateurs, knowledge was a praxis, not a theory, grounded in concrete relations to natural objects or artifacts and associated with amateur art. This cognitive conception of taste was embedded in a social system that was supported by the academic institution and embodied in the figure of the amateur, before becoming irreconcilable with the social and political mutations of the Parisian art world at the end of the century.
Old Sluts and Dangerous Minuets: or, the Underlying Musical Tensions of the Querelle des Bouffons
Authors: Higgins Geoffrey
Published: July 2012

The querelle des bouffons was once regarded as a mundane debate on the merits of French and Italian opera. Recent scholarship has shown, however, that the artistic arguments often concealed political subversion. This article investigates why theater was used in this way by examining the longstanding antagonistic relationship between French and Italian theater in France. This relationship created a space for broad criticism in which Italian theater threatened French absolutism as personified in French theater; the staging of political currents within the Franco-Italian dispute of the querelle may thus be seen as another example of this mode of discourse.
Bolívar: un héroe hispano
Authors: Mariela Wong Y. L.
Published: July 2012

This paper examines the assessment of Simón Bolívar’s accomplishments by the Spanish writers of the end of the 19th century after Spain had lost its vast American empire. We propose to analyze the inclusion of Bolívar in the repertoire of heroes that Spain had produced throughout its history in the essays of Joaquín Costa and Miguel de Unamuno. They suggest that Bolívar had acted in accordance with the wishes of the Spanish people—though not of its government—when he declared war on Spain. By separating the people’s wishes from the government’s actions, the authors were able to make a convincing argument that the Wars of Independence and subsequent political struggles never intended to hurt the relations between the two peoples. Moreover, both peoples were aware of the Hispanic heritage that united them. We conclude that in the face of a low national morale, the writers sought out contemporary personalities whose actions resembled those of the legendary heroes of the Spanish past to awaken a patriotism that had diminished with the loss of the empire.
Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera’s otra moral : Positivism and the Parentless Figure in El conspirador
Authors: Lewis Armanda
Published: July 2012

Mercedes Cabello de Carbonera’s last novel, El conspirador: autobiografía de un hombre público (1892), offers a rich examination of the author’s views on gender inequality, morality, and Positivism in late-nineteenth-century Peru. This article examines how Cabello employs orphan discourse, a rhetorical device characterized by the adoption of the orphan as protagonist and the widespread use of metaphorical orphanhood, to critique Positivist rhetoric on gender relations and put the challenges and needs of men and women on equal footing. This study expands on previous analyses of Cabello’s incorporation of the emotional into Positivist discourse by examining how orphan discourse addresses the deficiencies of purely rational approaches, but argues distinctly that Cabello problematizes the idealized fate for both men and women, giving their experiences equal attention, and eliminates the subtle embrace of the angel ideal at work in her previous novels.
Unamuno, el monólogo interior y el flujo de conciencia: de William James y Amor y pedagogía a Knut Hamsun y Niebla
Authors: Ardila J. A. G.
Published: July 2012

This article examines how Unamuno developed, before any other Spanish author, the techniques of interior monologue and stream of consciousness in his novels Amor y pedagogía ( Love and Pedagogy ) (1902) and Niebla ( Mist ) (1914). Unamuno learned about the psychological theories on stream of consciousness in William James’s works, and applied those theories to Amor y pedagogía . This article proves that, subsequently, Unamuno read Hamsun’s Sult , where he noticed the combination and fusion of unconsciousness with consciousness and the use of stream of consciousness. Under the influence of Hamsun, Unamuno was able to master the technique of stream of consciousness in Niebla .
The Greeks and the Romans: Language and the Pragmatics of Performance in the Libro de buen amor
Authors: Barletta Vincent
Published: July 2012

The present study examines the ways in which medieval theories of language, interaction, performance, and verbal meaning find expression within the Libro de buen amor . Focusing on the fictional disputation between the Greeks and the Romans found between stanzas 46–64, I call attention to the ways in which this episode encodes and dramatizes a serious concern with the pragmatic aspects of linguistic signification. The central argument of the present study rests upon the idea that the Libro de buen amor ’s theorization of language and meaning stems at once from scholarly, clerical modes of textual interpretation and an awareness of the highly contingent, locally structured frameworks of interaction that shape poetic performance.
Allegories of Authenticity in the Argentine Cinema of the 1910s
Authors: Losada Matt
Published: July 2012

Argentine filmmakers of the 1910s enjoyed an economic and political autonomy that would soon be lost due to the development of a cinema industry and growing political pressures. They did not necessarily identify with the project of state consolidation, and were able to contest, mostly through allegorical reconfigurations of national identity, the conservative nationalism of the Argentine Centenario and the version of the rural universe it used to legitimize state violence against popular movements. In Nobleza gaucha (1915) a new populist alliance is formed between gaucho and immigrant, while in Juan sin ropa (1919) a gaucho migrates to the city and joins the proletariat, forming a lineage that transfers the symbolic value of the gaucho to the proletariat. El último malón (1918), for its part, attempts to document the causes of the “last” indigenous uprising, articulating the danger to the nation that the modernizing project generated by marginalizing certain sectors of the national population.
Magia terapéutica en el Segundo tomo del ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha de Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda: el romance del conde Peranzules y una réplica a Cervantes
Authors: Altamirano Magdalena
Published: July 2012

Miguel de Cervantes included several ballads in his Don Quixote of 1605. Alonso Fernández de Avellaneda imitated this practice in his sequel to Cervantes's novel. One of the ballads of Avellaneda's Segundo tomo del ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha is the “ballad of Count Peranzules,” which was mentioned by Sancho Panza during the episode of the melons. Avellaneda, a defender of both religious orthodoxy and immobility within social structures, used this ballad to criticize the presence of magical incantation in some passages of Cervantes's first Don Quixote . The ballad of Count Peranzules has not yet been identified but it might be related to the ballad of Count Pero Vélez.
Masculinity, War, and Pursuit of Glory in Sepúlveda’s Gonzalo
Authors: Nájera Luna
Published: July 2012

The Dialogus de appetenda gloria qui inscribitur Gonsalus (1523) is Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda’s first reflection on the moral aspects of war. In it, he addresses whether it is morally licit for Christians to desire worldly honor and glory, a question that Christian mystics, Irenicists, and humanists like Desiderius Erasmus and Juan Luis Vives posed in writings through which they sought to renew and reform spiritual practices in Christendom. Their skepticism was linked to a larger doubt over the compatibility of Christian principles that commanded men to love one another and the state’s injunction to kill one’s fellow man. In redressing those concerns, Sepúlveda advances a theory that embraces the pursuit of glory and that serves as the foundation for his justificatory theories of war in subsequent writings. His discourse on glory accommodates social mobility, simultaneously inscribing a martial moral code on the terrain of the masculine self and the male body.
Improving Access to Care for Uninsured Patients at an Academic Medical Center: The Access Partnership
Authors: Block Lauren , Ma Sai , Emerson Matthew , Langley Anne , de la Torre Desiree , Noronha Gary
Published: July 2012

Uninsured individuals face great challenges in accessing both primary and specialty care. The Access Partnership (TAP) is a novel collaboration between primary and specialty care providers at an urban academic medical center to provide care coordination and facilitate access to specialty services for uninsured patients. We reviewed administrative data and performed phone surveys of the 213 patients who entered the program over a one-year period. Specialty care visit attendance was analyzed from administrative data for these patients. We then surveyed patients by phone (60% response rate). Patient-reported access to care and satisfaction with care were significantly higher after TAP (33% vs. 87%, p<0.001 and 41% vs. 91%, p<0.001, respectively). 89% of referrals were completed within 90 days among TAP patients, a rate similar to studies involving insured patients. TAP enrollment was associated with significantly decreased patient-reported barriers to specialty care as well as improved access to and satisfaction with care.
Pandemics and Vaccines: Perceptions, Reactions, and Lessons Learned from Hard-to-Reach Latinos and the H1N1 Campaign
Authors: Cassady Diana , Castaneda Xochitl , Ruelas Magdalena Ruiz , Vostrejs Meredith Miller , Andrews Teresa , Osorio Liliana
Published: July 2012

This paper examines knowledge, risk perception, and attitudes around the H1N1 pandemic among Latino hard-to-reach (HTR) populations in the United States. Ten focus groups were conducted throughout California (N=90), representing Latino immigrants disproportionately affected by H1N1: farmworkers, indigenous Mexicans, pregnant women, and children. Overall, participants were aware of the H1N1 epidemic and common prevention practices. However, many expressed doubts that the H1N1 outbreak constituted an epidemic because the U.S. media reports of the epidemic in Mexico did not match reports from participants’ families in Mexico and because of participants’ absence of personal experience with the disease. Participants mistrusted the H1N1 vaccine due to its novelty, conspiracy theories, and inconsistent information. Study findings confirm that vaccination campaign strategies should reflect the diversity of meaning, experiences, and socio-economic realities among target populations. Key findings inform future emergency response activities targeting HTR Latino communities.
Types of Dental Fear as Barriers to Dental Care among African American Adults with Oral Health Symptoms in Harlem
Authors: Siegel Karolynn , Schrimshaw Eric W. , Kunzel Carol , Wolfson Natalie H. , Moon-Howard Joyce , Moats Harmon L. , Mitchell Dennis A.
Published: July 2012

To examine the types of dental fear experienced by African American adults and the role of these fears in the utilization of dental care, in-depth interviews were conducted with a street-intercept sample of 118 African Americans living in Harlem, New York City, who had experienced at least one oral health symptom in the past six months. Despite their oral symptoms, participants delayed or avoided dental care (often for years) due to a variety of dental fears, including fears of: 1) pain from needles; 2) the dental drill; 3) having teeth extracted; 4) contracting an illness (e.g., HIV/AIDS) from unsanitary instruments; 5) X-rays; 6) receiving poor quality care or mistreatment. These findings provide insights into the situations that provoke fears about dental treatment among African Americans and suggest strategies to address these fears in order to remove these barriers and increase the utilization of dental care by African American adults.
Combating Slavery in the 21st Century: The Role of Emergency Medicine
Authors: Chisolm-Straker Makini , Richardson Lynne D. , Cossio Tania
Published: July 2012

Human trafficking (HT) victims may present to emergency departments (ED) as patients, but are infrequently identified. To address this issue, we developed and piloted a training intervention for emergency providers on HT and how to identify and treat these patients. Included in the intervention participants were emergency medicine residents, ED attendings, ED nurses, and hospital social workers. Prior to the intervention, 4.8% felt some degree of confidence in their ability to identify and 7.7% to treat a trafficked patient. After the 20-minute intervention, 53.8% felt some degree of confidence in their ability to identify and 56.7% care for this patient population. Because this problem is global, we created a Website that includes an instructive toolkit and an interactive course for self-learning and/or assessment. This intervention will give ED providers the tools they need to assess and treat a patient who might be a victim of human trafficking.
Construct Validity of the SF-12 among American Indian and Alaska Native People Using Two Known Scoring Methods
Authors: Edwards Sandra L. , McFadden Molly , Lanier Anne P. , Murtaugh Maureen A. , Ferucci Elizabeth D. , Redwood Diana G. , Tom-Orme Lillian , Slattery Martha L.
Published: July 2012

Objective . This study evaluated the construct validity of the 12-Item Short Form Survey Instrument (SF-12) in a cohort of American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) people. We evaluated two scoring methods to determine their utility in this population. Methods . Participants (N = 11,127) were aged 18 and older, self-identified as AIAN, and had complete SF-12 interview data. Physical and mental health summary scores were calculated using traditional SF-12 (PCS12 and MCS12) and RAND-12 (PHC and MHC) scoring methods. Results . Women scored lower than men on the PHC, PCS12, MHC, and MCS12, as did those with more medical conditions versus none. Those aged 55 and older scored lower on the PHC and PCS12 than younger people. There was no difference in the mean MCS12 score by age and for those 31–55 and aged older than 55 for the MHC. Conclusions . This study demonstrates the construct validity of the PCS12/MCS12 and PHC/MHC in a cohort of AIAN people.
Global Health at Home: A Student-Run Community Health Initiative for Refugees
Authors: Weissman Gary E. , Morris Raymond J. , NG Carrie , Pozzessere Anthony S. , Scott Kevin C. , Altshuler Marc J.
Published: July 2012

Free, student-run health initiatives for refugees fill a gap in needed health services and prepare medical students for understanding cross-cultural and systems-based medical practice.
Predictors of Smoking Cessation Counseling Adherence in a Socioeconomically Disadvantaged Sample of Pregnant Women
Authors: Wen Kuang-Yi , Miller Suzanne M. , Lazev Amy , Fang Zhu , Hernandez Enrique
Published: July 2012

Implementing and evaluating smoking cessation interventions in underserved populations has been found difficult due to high rates of non-adherence to the prescribed protocol. To understand better the barriers to cessation participation, we studied low-income inner-city pregnant women who were enrolled in either a standard or highly intensive quit smoking counseling program. The results showed that 1) in the prenatal phase, non-attendance was predicted by a greater number of cigarettes smoked per day; 2) in the postpartum follow-up phase, non-attendance was predicted by lower educational level and higher self-efficacy for quitting smoking; and 3) participants with more children living at home were at increased risk of rescheduling the postpartum follow-up session. These findings suggest that innovative delivery strategies are needed more effectively to assess and address risk factors for non-adherence to smoking cessation trials among underserved minority pregnant/postpartum smokers.
The Effect of Advance Directives on End-of-Life Cost Experience
Authors: Fonk James , Davidoff Donna , Lutzow Thomas , Chesley Noelle , Mathiowetz Nancy
Published: July 2012

Purpose . This study assesses the impact of Advance Directives (ADs) on end-of-life costs, drawing on administrative data from a single health care organization located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin (Independent Care Health Plan, or i Care). Background . As part of ongoing Medicaid and Medicare rate reform efforts, greater use of ADs among plans and providers is being considered to better control costs and enhance health outcomes. Approach . Drawing on decedent-member descriptive and cost data, OLS regression is used to analyze the relationship between AD use and subsequent costs for a single health care plan. Results . The analysis does not provide evidence of a significant relationship between AD use and end-of-life costs when patient health is controlled for the sample. Conclusions . There was no evidence within the i Care data to support a relationship between the presence of ADs and lower end-of-life costs.
Drug Resistance Strategies of Rural Hawaiian Youth as a Function of Drug Offerers and Substances: A Community Stakeholder Analysis
Authors: Okamoto Scott K. , Helm Susana , Kulis Stephen , Delp Justin A. , Dinson Ay-Laina
Published: July 2012

This study examined the variations in drug resistance strategies endorsed by community members for rural Native Hawaiian youth in drug-related problem situations. Community stakeholders completed a Web-based survey focused on drug-related problem scenarios and their matched set of responses developed by middle/intermediate school youth in prior research. Mean differences were examined based on drug offerers described in the scenarios (i.e., peers/friends, cousins, and parents) and the substances offered in the scenarios (i.e., marijuana and alcohol). Compared with other strategies, Refuse had the highest mean scores within two offerer subgroups (peers/friends and cousins) and within both substances (alcohol and marijuana). Leave had the highest mean score within scenarios describing drug offers from parents. The endorsement of different resistance strategies varied based on drug offerers and substances offered in the selected scenarios. This study suggests that resistance skills in prevention should be tailored to youths’ social context in rural Hawai‘i.
Understanding the Health Transitions of Immigrants to Canada: Research Priorities
Authors: De Maio Fernando G.
Published: July 2012

Understanding changes in the health of immigrants has been an important area of research in Canadian public health. Recent years have seen important developments, with studies moving away from what might be called ‘sick immigrant’ versus ‘healthy immigrant’ debates towards analyzing transitions and how they are influenced by a diverse set of social determinants. The release of data from all three waves of the Longitudinal Survey of Immigrants to Canada has also spurred new theoretical understandings of why immigrants’ initial health advantage is lost over time, with the experience of discrimination becoming an increasingly important predictor. Three research priorities are emerging as particularly important in this area. These are the need for multilevel analyses that incorporate contextual effects, the need for comparative international studies, and the need to refine the conceptualization of race/ethnicity to take advantage of developments in social theory.
Faith Leaders’ Comfort Implementing an HIV Prevention Curriculum in a Faith Setting
Authors: Pichon Latrice C. , Griffith Derek M. , Campbell Bettina , Allen Julie Ober , Williams Terrinieka T. , Addo Angela Y.
Published: July 2012

YOUR Blessed Health (YBH) is a faith-based HIV prevention pilot program designed to increase faith-based organizations’ capacity to address HIV/AIDS among African American congregations. Faith leaders (e.g., pastors, pastors’ spouses) were trained to deliver youth and adult HIV education sessions. Perceptions of comfort with discussing 11 sexual health topics were assessed after program implementation. Twenty-nine faith leaders self-reported their comfort discussing sexual behaviors, sexual communication, and sexual abuse. Overall, faith leaders were comfortable discussing these sexual health topics; however, denominational and leadership role differences were found. These findings suggest African American faith leaders are willing to lead faith-based HIV prevention efforts, but that consideration of denominational differences and organizational roles in faith-based health promotion programs is critical.
An Assessment of Malaria Curative Services in Ijara District, a Remote Community in the North-Eastern Province of Kenya
Authors: Njuguna John , Mogire Francis , Chege Charles
Published: July 2012

Introduction . Malaria is a major public health problem in Kenya and there is need to strengthen malaria control activities at the district level. Methods . As part of this, an assessment of malaria curative services offered in health facilities in terms of health care material availability and the case management skills of the health workers was conducted in Ijara district. A questionnaire was administered to the health workers. Observation and physical inspection of malaria health care material and perusal of relevant documents were also carried out in all health facilities in 2011. Results . All health facilities had the recommended drugs, though only 90% of facilities had quinine injection. All facilities lacked Rapid Diagnostic Tests, Adverse Drug Reaction reporting forms, and poor quality medicine forms. Conclusions. There is need to equip the health workers with up-to-date case management skills and to provide rapid diagnostic tests.
Chronic Health Conditions and Depressive Symptoms Strongly Predict Persistent Food Insecurity among Rural Low-income Families
Authors: Hanson Karla L. , Olson Christine M.
Published: July 2012

Longitudinal studies of food insecurity have not considered the unique circumstances of rural families. This study identified factors predictive of discontinuous and persistent food insecurity over three years among low-income families with children in rural counties in 13 U.S. states. Respondents reported substantial knowledge of community resources, food and finance skills, and use of formal public food assistance, yet 24% had persistent food insecurity, and another 41% were food insecure for one or two years. Multivariate multinomial regression models tested relationships between human capital, social support, financial resources, expenses, and food insecurity. Enduring chronic health conditions increased the risk of both discontinuous and persistent food insecurity. Lasting risk for depression predicted only persistent food insecurity. Education beyond high school was the only factor found protective against persistent food insecurity. Access to quality physical and mental health care services are essential to ameliorate persistent food insecurity among rural, low-income families.
National Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services Standards—Mandates or Not?
Authors: Payne Perry
Published: July 2012

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Minority Health (OMH) promotes National Standards for Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services. According to the Office, four of these standards are “mandates” that are considered federal requirements for all recipients of federal funds. These standards focus on increasing language access to health care services for limited English proficient (LEP) people. Relying on this statement, multiple organizations, scholars and advocates promote these mandates in their communities. However, the DHHS Office of Inspector General stated in a 2010 report that these standards are only voluntary and not mandated. This contradiction deserves the attention of public health advocates for LEP people. This article seeks to clarify this contradiction so that public health advocates and experts can provide accurate information to people they serve and consider whether they should work with to develop truly mandatory language access standards as a condition of federal funding.
Leaving before Discharge from a Homeless Medical Respite Program: Predisposing Factors and Impact on Selected Outcomes
Authors: Bauer Joanna , Moughamian Alice , Viloria Joyce , Schneidermann Michelle
Published: July 2012

Background . Medical Respite addresses care needs of homeless patients post-hospital discharge and is linked to reduced rehospitalization compared with standard discharge. However, outcomes may differ for Respite patients who exit before completing post-acute treatment and discharge plans. Methods . Using administrative data from a San Francisco Medical Respite center (2007–2010), this retrospective study compares patient characteristics, post-Respite connections to community services, and likelihood of rehospitalization within 90 days of Respite exit between patients who choose to leave before discharge and all other Respite patients (logistic regression, odds ratio). Findings . Of 860 encounters, 31% ended when patient chose to leave before discharge. Female gender (OR 1.65), living on the street immediately prior to Respite (OR 1.36) and substance use (OR 1.55) were associated with increased risk of leaving early. Patients who left early were more likely than others to decline referrals to services and more likely to be re-admitted within 90 days.
Diagnostic Resolution of Cancer Screening Abnormalities at Community Health Centers
Authors: Roetzheim Richard G. , Lee Ji-Hyun , Calcano Ercilia R. , Meade Cathy D. , Fulp William J. , Wells Kristen J.
Published: July 2012

Background . Few studies have examined timeliness of diagnostic evaluation of abnormal cancer screening tests in community health centers. Methods . Using medical record review, timeliness of diagnosis was assessed among 317 people having either breast or colorectal-related abnormalities. Results . For 241 subjects (76.0%) who reached clinical resolution, the median time to diagnostic resolution was 37 days. People with breast abnormalities had more than twice the odds (adjusted odds ratio: 2.84) of reaching diagnostic resolution within 180 days compared with patients with colorectal abnormalities. We found, however, no evidence of disparate outcomes according to patient race/ethnicity, insurance status, or spoken language. Conclusions . Diagnostic evaluations are often either not completed or are delayed after a cancer-related abnormality is discovered. Further research is needed to understand the patient, provider, and health care system factors that contribute to these delays. There was no evidence of cancer disparities in the community health centers studied.
Can One Speak of Painting if One Cannot Hold a Brush?: Giulio Mancini, Medicine, and the Birth of the Connoisseur
Authors: Frigo Alberto
Published: July 2012

Giulio Mancini (1559–1630) opens his “Considerazioni sulla pittura” (ca. 1619–21) with some programmatic statements about the right of a non-painter to judge a painting. In this essay we intend to propose a new interpretation of these introductory pages highlighting the fundamental interdependence between Mancini’s ideas on connoisseurship and the contemporary debate on medicine and its methods. Mancini recourse in fact to Aristotle’s treatise “De partibus animalium” and used the concept of “paideia” / “peritia” to justify his project of offering some advice which a man “who does not know how to handle a brush” may become a connoisseur.
Coleridge’s Fly-Catchers: Adapting Commonplace-Book Form
Authors: Hess Jillian M.
Published: July 2012

This article makes two claims for the poet and thinker Samuel Taylor Coleridge’s massive collection of notebooks: first, that they should be reassessed as a new stage in the evolution of the commonplace book tradition and second, that the way they revise commonplace book form exemplifies new Romantic theories of knowledge.
An American Science of Feeling: Harvard’s Psychology of Emotion during the World War I Era
Authors: Rose Anne C.
Published: July 2012

American psychologists at the turn of the twentieth century recognized their deficient understanding of emotion. This self-assessment did not deflect the majority from learning experiments reported in parsimonious language. Psychologists affiliated with Harvard University before and after World War I, however, were exceptional. The Harvard scholars applied the synthesizing habit of inherited philosophy to the new science of psychology. More comfortable with inference and generalization than their peers, they emphasized purposeful behavior, social relationships, and dynamic transformation. Affective experience was inseparable from this analysis. Nonetheless, their marginal status and holistic approach drew them toward extreme positions, most notably eugenics.
2011 Arthur O. Lovejoy Lecture: The Gold Seal of 57 CE and the Afterlife of an Inanimate Object
Authors: Fogel Joshua A.
Published: July 2012

This essay operates on the assumption that objects can inspire thought, and thought can generate debate, and the consequences of that debate can be of ontological importance. Thus, the inanimate object plays no “conscious” role in engendering ideas, but humans invest in it a range of meanings which can reach levels of great cultural and historical significance. The object in question is a golden seal, presently on display in the Fukuoka City Museum in Japan.
Concepts of Fascination, from Democritus to Kant
Authors: Degen Andreas
Published: July 2012

This study presents a historical-systematic outline of the conceptual history of fascination. The argumentation is oriented to the term “fascination” and takes into consideration the variance of the scientific explanations and basic theoretical approaches linked to it. For the period of the Greek Antique up to the eighteenth century this article distinguishes four transitive approaches: the substance-based, the epistemological, the psychological and the erotic approach. A fifth approach, which is derived from the epistemological approach, defines fascination as intransitive. It dates from the eighteenth century and is the basis of the modern concepts of fascination.
"The Golden Fly": Darwinism and Degeneration in Émile Zola's Nana
Authors: McLean Steven
Published: July 2012

This article examines how Émile Zola's Nana anticipates and responds to emerging discourses on degeneration in late nineteenth-century Europe. Despite Max Nordau's denunciation of Zola as a degenerate artist, the novel anticipates Nordau's emphasis on the degenerative effects of modern life. Nana 's portrayal of the atavism of crowds prefigures the theories of Gustave Le Bon. Nana's irresistible appeal inverts Charles Darwin's explanation of sexual selection, suggesting human sexuality is inherently animalistic. A predominant critical consensus identifies Nana as Zola's embodiment of a degenerate female sexuality. Yet Nana is not nearly as degenerate as critics imagine her to be. Zola's refusal to conform to medical conceptions of nymphomania means that Nana is not portrayed as entirely degenerate. The article contends that the degeneracy that is associated with Nana is largely a product of male lust, and reflects the sensual preoccupations of a social order—the French Second Empire—marching towards ruin.
(Be)Longing in Quicksand : Framing Kinship and Desire More Queerly
Authors: Wagner Johanna M.
Published: July 2012

Nella Larsen's Quicksand is infamous for its lingering atmosphere of near-palpable yearning. Helga Crane, the novel's off-putting and conflicted protagonist exhibits a sense of longing that is not easily explained. Most often critics frame this longing through an heteronormative lens that presumes a craving to belong within a kinship system such as a conventional community and/or nuclear family. By extension, however, that simple positioning of Helga within the kinship paradigm automatically associates her indescribable longing with heterosexual sex. Yet, Helga Crane's longing seems more perverse. Her desire to belong, in the conventional sense, is less so than many have suggested; and her desire for heterosexual sex appears arguable at best. Although critical interpretations of Helga do not, the character herself resides outside the heteronormative box, which upends such compulsory givens as kinship and desire. For this reason Helga Crane demands a new portrait. Helga can be framed more queerly, for framing her within conventional heteronormativy cuts short the subversive elements in her portrayal.
Sing Heavenly News: Journalism and Poetic Authority in Samuel Sheppard's The Faerie King (c. 1654)
Authors: Nevitt Marcus
Published: July 2012

This article analyzes the relationship between poetry and news writing in revolutionary England as exemplified by the writings of the prolific royalist journalist and poet Samuel Sheppard (1624-1655?). Offering an extended analysis of Sheppard's work (and focusing particularly on his unfinished epic poem, The Faerie King ), I examine how writers might lay claim to the authority of the poet in a literary marketplace utterly transformed by pamphlet journalism. If, earlier in the century, in The Staple of News (1622), Ben Jonson observed with horror the effects that newsprint was supposedly having on the audiences of his verbal art, did the poet-journalists of the revolutionary decades share this view? Did these men, a tribe of sons and bastards supposedly loyal to the memory and legacy of Jonson, also see Parnassus and Grub Street as such very different places? Using the example of Sheppard I suggest that even if they did in theory, in practice they struggled to keep these two worlds apart. Sheppard demonstrates, however unwillingly, that by the mid-seventeenth century poetry and news could be mutually enriching modes of discourse.
The Social Context and Political Complexities of Goscelin's Sermon for the Feast of Saint Augustine of Canterbury, the "Apostle of the English"
Authors: Ambrose Shannon
Published: July 2012

The Sermo in festiuitate sancti Augustini Anglorum apostoli is contained in two manuscripts, London, British Library Cotton Vespasian B. XX and Cambridge, Corpus Christi College 312, which were written around the turn of the twelfth century at St. Augustine's Abbey in Canterbury. The sermon was commissioned from Goscelin of Canterbury by Abbott Wido around 1090, not only to celebrate the feast day of St. Augustine of Canterbury but also to remind the community at Canterbury of its illustrious heritage. It is a text that clearly strives to resurrect the reputation of the abbey, which was damaged by internal strife and revolt in 1088 and 1089 and by the maneuvering of Lanfranc, who established a college of secular canons, dedicated to St. Gregory, at neighboring Christ Church in 1086. The sermon effectively constructs St. Augustine's sanctity in political, not merely hagiographical, terms, and this narrative act foregrounds a social context for the work, a context that is often absent from the larger corpus of medieval hagiography.
Literary Prayer and Personal Possession in a Newly Discovered Tudor Book of Hours
Authors: Lerer Seth
Published: July 2012

My discovery of a fifteenth-century book of hours, annotated by members of a sixteenth-century Norfolk aristocratic family, offers evidence of literate devotions at the cusp of the English Reformation. By analyzing the prayers and signatures in the volume, I contribute to a larger scholarly project of using books of hours to recover religious and literary practices in the early modern English vernacular. By locating this analysis in the family history of the volume, I hope to contribute as well to the study of both male and female devotional discourse, the study of book ownership in the early modern period, and the appreciation of early English men and women as imaginative writers with literary, as well as liturgical, aspirations.