bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How do stretch rate, temperature, and solvent exchange affect elastic network rupture?
Authors: Siavoshani Asal Y , Fan Zehao , Yang Muxuan , Liu Shan , Wang Ming-Chi , Liu Jiabin , Xu Weinan , Wang Junpeng , Lin Shaoting , Wang Shi-Qing
Published: September 2024

In this study, we investigate three different polymeric networks in terms of their tensile strength as a function of stretching rate, or temperature, or medium viscosity.
Decomposing Variation in Vocabulary and Listening Comprehension Task Performance in Spanish and English Into Person, Ecological, and Assessment Differences for Spanish–English Bilingual Children in the United States
Authors: Kim Young-Suk Grace , Gutierrez Nuria , Petscher Yaacov
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

We investigated the contributions of person, ecological, and assessment characteristics to one's performance on vocabulary and listening comprehension tasks in English and Spanish. Person characteristics included English learner status, ecological characteristics included instructional program enrollment (bilingual vs. English immersion) and poverty status, and assessment characteristics included the language of assessment (Spanish vs. English) and linguistic grain size (vocabulary vs. listening comprehension).

Method:

Data were from 208 Spanish–English emergent bilingual children in Grade 1 in the United States and were analyzed using explanatory item response models.

Results:

Substantial variance in the tasks across both languages was attributable to the random effects of assessment/item (74%) and person (26%). English learner status was a significant student predictor of language performance, and the instructional program was a significant ecological predictor of language performance. Regarding assessment characteristics, both the language of assessment and linguistic grain size explained the variance in performance. There were no differences in performance on English assessments between children in the Spanish–English bilingual program and children in the English immersion program. However, on the Spanish tasks, children in the bilingual program outperformed their peers in the English immersion program.

Conclusion:

These findings highlight the importance of considering not only person/child characteristics but also ecological and assessment characteristics for Spanish–English bilingual children's performance on oral language tasks.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26972749
A cloud‐based hybrid intrusion detection framework using XGBoost and ADASYN‐Augmented random forest for IoMT
Authors: Salehpour Arash , Norouzi Monire , Balafar Mohammad Ali , SamadZamini Karim
Published: September 2024

Internet of Medical Things have vastly increased the potential for remote patient monitoring, data‐driven care, and networked healthcare delivery. However, the connectedness lays sensitive patient data and fragile medical devices open to security threats that need robust intrusion detection solutions within cloud‐edge services. Current approaches need modification to be able to handle the practical challenges that result from problems with data quality. This paper presents a hybrid intrusion detection framework that enhances the security of IoMT networks. There are three modules in the design. First, an XGBoost‐based noise detection model is used to identify data anomalies. Second, adaptive resampling with ADASYN is done to fine‐tune the class distribution to address class imbalance. Third, ensemble learning performs intrusion detection through a Random Forest classifier. This stacked model coordinates techniques that filter noise and preprocess imbalanced data, identifying threats with high accuracy and reliability. These results are then experimentally validated on the UNSW‐NB15 benchmark to demonstrate effective detection under realistically noisy conditions. The novel contributions of the work are a new hybrid structural paradigm coupled with integrated noise filtering, and ensemble learning. The proposed advanced oversampling with ADASYN gives a performance that surpasses all others with a reported 92.23% accuracy.
Dynamic in‐motion wireless charging systems: Modelling and coordinated hierarchical operation in distribution systems
Authors: Majidi Majid , Parvania Masood
Published: September 2024

The high adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and the rising need for charging power in recent years calls for advancing charging service infrastructures and assessing the readiness of the power system to cope with such infrastructures. This paper proposes a novel model for the integrated operation of dynamic wireless charging (DWC) and power distribution systems offering charging service to in‐motion EVs. The proposed model benefits from a hierarchical design, where DWC controllers capture the traffic flows of in‐motion EVs on different routes and translate them into estimations of charging power requests on power distribution system nodes. The charging power requests are then communicated with a central controller that monitors the distribution system operation by enforcing an optimal power flow model. This controller coordinates the operation of distributed energy resources to leverage charging power delivery to in‐motion EVs and mitigate stress on the distribution system operation. The proposed model is tested on a test distribution system connected to multiple DWC systems in Salt Lake City, and the findings demonstrate its efficiency in quantifying the traffic flow of in‐motion EVs and its translation to charging power requests while highlighting the role of distributed energy resources in alleviating stress on the distribution system operation.
FlexibleCP: A data augmentation strategy for traffic sign detection
Authors: Shi Jingyi , Rao Huanle , Jing Qinyang , Wen Ziqiang , Jia Gangyong
Published: September 2024

In the field of traffic sign detection, effective data augmentation can improve the model's detection capacity, enabling the model to distinguish and locate traffic signs more precisely and enhancing driving safety. However, due to the small size and low representation of traffic signs in the dataset, standard common data augmentation techniques are not suitable for traffic sign detection. To address this issue, a novel data augmentation strategy called flexible cut and paste (FlexibleCP) is proposed. The overall enhancement approach is shifted from multi‐image fusion to target cropping and pasting. By introducing parameters to control the target pasting ratio and scaling ratio, the diversity of small target data and their size variations are enriched. Additionally, target size and type filters are added to enable targeted enhancement for different sizes and types of targets. This study, evaluates the proposed strategy using two representative traffic sign detection datasets, namely CTSD and GTSDB. The experimental results demonstrate a significant improvement in both detection and recognition performance of the model: on the CTSD dataset, the models trained with FlexibleCP data enhancement achieve 88.9% and 64.5% mAP0.5 and mAP0.5:0.95, respectively, which are 3.5% and 2.5% better than those trained with mosaic data enhancement; on the GTSDB dataset mAP0.5 and mAP0.5:0.95 reached 89.2% and 56.0%, respectively, an improvement of 4.0% and 3.9% over mosaic.
Theoretical wavelet ℓ1-norm from one-point probability density function prediction
Authors: Sreekanth Vilasini Tinnaneri , Codis Sandrine , Barthelemy Alexandre , Starck Jean-Luc
Published: September 2024

Context. Weak gravitational lensing, which results from the bending of light by matter along the line of sight, is a potent tool for exploring large-scale structures, particularly in quantifying non-Gaussianities. It is a pivotal objective for upcoming surveys. In the realm of current and forthcoming full-sky weak-lensing surveys, convergence maps, which represent a line-of-sight integration of the matter density field up to the source redshift, facilitate field-level inference. This provides an advantageous avenue for cosmological exploration. Traditional two-point statistics fall short of capturing non-Gaussianities, necessitating the use of higher-order statistics to extract this crucial information. Among the various available higher-order statistics, the wavelet ℓ1 -norm has proven its efficiency in inferring cosmology. However, the lack of a robust theoretical framework mandates reliance on simulations, which demand substantial resources and time.

Aims. Our novel approach introduces a theoretical prediction of the wavelet ℓ1-norm for weak-lensing convergence maps that is grounded in the principles of large-deviation theory. This method builds upon recent work and offers a theoretical prescription for an aperture mass one-point probability density function.

Methods. We present for the first time a theoretical prediction of the wavelet ℓ1-norm for convergence maps that is derived from the theoretical prediction of their one-point probability distribution. Additionally, we explored the cosmological dependence of this prediction and validated the results on simulations.

Results. A comparison of our predicted wavelet ℓ1 -norm with simulations demonstrates a high level of accuracy in the weakly nonlinear regime. Moreover, we show its ability to capture cosmological dependence. This paves the way for a more robust and efficient parameter-inference process.
Supervised machine learning on Galactic filaments
Authors: Berthelot L. , Zavagno A. , Artières T. , Dupé F.-X. , Gray M. , Russeil D. , Schisano E. , Arzoumanian D.
Published: September 2024

Context. Filaments host star formation and are fundamental structures of galaxies. Their diversity, as observed in the interstellar medium, from very low-density structures to very dense hubs, and their complex life cycles make their complete detection challenging over this large diversity range.

Aims. Using 2D H2 column density images obtained as part of the Herschel Hi-GAL survey of the Galactic plane (Gp), we want to detect, simultaneously and using a single model, filaments over a large range of column density and contrast over the whole Gp. In particular, we target low-contrast and low-density structures that are particularly difficult to detect with classical algorithms.

Methods. The whole H2 column density image of the Gp was subdivided into individual patches of 32 × 32 pixels. Following our proof of concept study aimed at exploring the potential of supervised learning for the detection of filaments, we propose an innovative supervised learning method based on adding information by encoding the position of these patches in the Gp. To allow the segmentation of the whole Gp, we introduced a random procedure that preserves the balance within the model training and testing datasets over the Gp plane. Four architectures and six models were tested and compared using different metrics.

Results. For the first time, a segmentation of the whole Gp has been obtained using supervised deep learning. A comparison of the models based on metrics and astrophysical results shows that one of the architectures (PE-UNet-Latent), where the position encoding was done in the latent space gives the best performance to detect filaments over the whole range of density and contrast observed in the Gp. A normalized map of the whole Gp was also produced and reveals the highly filamentary structure of the Gp in all density regimes. We successfully tested the generalization of our best model by applying it to the 2D 12CO COHRS molecular data obtained on a
58.°8 portion (in longitude) of the plane.

Conclusions. We demonstrate the interest of position encoding to allow the detection of filaments over the wide range of density and contrast observed in the Gp. The produced maps (both normalized and segmented) offer a unique opportunity for follow-up studies of the life cycle of Galactic filaments. The promising generalization possibility tested on a molecular dataset of the Gp opens new opportunities for systematic detection of filamentary structures in the big data context available for the Gp.
The young exoplanetary system TOI-4562: Confirming the presence of a third body in the system
Authors: Fermiano V. , Saito R. K. , Ivanov V. D. , Caceres C. , Almeida L. A. , Aires J. , Beamin J. C. , Minniti D. , Ferreira T. , Andrade L. , Borges B. W. , de Almeida L. , Jablonski F. , Schlindwein W.
Published: September 2024

Context. Young planetary systems represent an opportunity to investigate the early stages of (exo)planetary formation because the gravitational interactions have not yet significantly changed the initial configuration of the system.

Aims. TOI-4562 b is a highly eccentric temperate Jupiter analogue orbiting a young F7V-type star of < 700 Myr in age with an orbital period of Porb ∼ 225 days and an eccentricity of e = 0.76, and is one of the largest known exoplanets to have formed in situ.

Methods. We observed a new transit of TOI-4562 b using the 0.6-m Zeiss telescope at the Pico dos Dias Observatory (OPD/LNA) in Minas Gerais, Brazil, and combine our data with Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) and archive data, with the aim being to improve the ephemerides of this interesting system.

Results. The O − C diagram for the new ephemeris is consistent with the presence of a giant planet in an outer orbit around TOI-4562. TOI-4562 c is a planet with a mass of M = 5.77 MJup, an orbital period of Porb = 3990 days, and a semi-major axis of a = 5.219 AU.

Conclusions. We report the discovery of TOI-4562 c, the exoplanet with the longest orbital period discovered to date via the transit timing variation (TTV) method. The TOI-4562 system is in the process of violent evolution with intense dynamical changes – judging by its young age and high eccentricity – and is therefore a prime target for studies of formation and evolution of planetary systems.
Analysis of Nickel and Chrome Plating Temperature on Corrosion Rate of Steel in Seawater Environment
Authors: Anggoro Sotya , Nurisna Zuhri , Safitri Meilia , Sotyarini Ririn , Hayati Nur
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the effect of Nickel and Chrome plating on ST 40 steel on corrosion resistance in a seawater environment. Several temperature variations were carried out during the chrome plating process, precisely at room temperature and 40℃, with a processing time of 5 seconds each and a voltage of 5 Volts. The Nickel plating was conducted with predetermined variables obtained from the initial research to achieve the most optimal results, especially the thickness of the plating formed. This process involves a temperature setting of 40℃, a processing time of 10 and 30 minutes, and a voltage of 5 Volts. To evaluate the results of this study, the corrosion testing was carried out using seawater corrosion media from 2 different beaches with 2.98% and 3.18% NaCl concentrations. In addition, microstructure testing is also conducted to determine changes in the structure of the base material after undergoing plating, and an optical microscope can be used to determine the thickness of the Nickel and Chrome layers. With Chrome plating at 40℃, the corrosion rate decreases compared to uncoated material in various seawater environments. The results emphasize that the plating process with the correct treatment can improve the corrosion resistance of steel, especially in seawater environments.
Analysis of Vaporizer Effect for Accelerated Heat Dissipation of Car Air Conditioner (AC)- An Experimental Study on Gas-Fueled Cars
Authors: Sutoyo Sutoyo , Sulistiyo Iwan
Published: September 2024

It is a concrete effort today in realizing the concept of Low-Cost Green Car (LCGC) through the conversion of oil-fueled cars to the form of fuel gas. In the system (fuel system) gas car there is a vaporizer unit that functions to change the liquid phase to the gas phase while stabilizing it at a working pressure of ± 1.5-2 bar, thus the work of the vaporizer unit requires heat. On the other hand, the car’s AC system will dissipate heat through the condenser, where the performance of the cooling system will be better by accelerating the heat disposal in the condenser. This research aims to build an energy conservation system between the AC and Vaporizer systems using an efficient control valve model with the concept of rotation. With the application of this rotational valve system, it is expected that the control of hot fluid to the vaporizer is faster and faster. The results of data analysis showed enthalpy (h) refrigerant changes before and after the expansion valve/capillary pipe, down at 240 kJ/kg. COP increased slightly with efficiency figures rising by 0.03.
Development of Access to Sabodam Pabelan Tourism Village
Authors: Zaki Ahmad , Yadi Seplika , Wahyono Tri , Nindhita Kharisma Wira , Wijaya Arfa Maulana Kusuma , Saputra Elvis
Published: September 2024

Indonesia is rich in the potential for nature-based tourism such as tourist villages. Pabelan Village is a village in Magelang Regency, Central Java that has the potential for a nature-based Sabodam River tourist area. In an effort to help develop tourism in the region, infrastructure development in the form of road access is needed to increase accessibility and tourism attraction. The infrastructure development process starts from a group discussion forum, location survey, design, and development realization. From this process, outputs are produced in the form of development plans consisting of excavation volumes and soil piles. This road access is expected to make it easier for tourists when they want to visit Sabodam Pabelan tourism.
Understanding How Self-Efficacy and Readiness to Change Impact Employee Performance: The Role of Achievement Motivation
Authors: Novitasari Dwi , Nugraheni Praba Citra , Priyastiwi  , Purwanto Wahyu
Published: September 2024

This study explores the relationship between self-efficacy, readiness for change, achievement motivation, and performance among healthcare workers. The introduction highlights the significance of these factors in the context of rapid technological advancements and organizational transformations. Using a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 65 healthcare workers at a community health center in Wonosobo, Indonesia. The results indicate that self-efficacy positively influences achievement motivation, while readiness for change also has a positive impact on achievement motivation. Achievement motivation, in turn, significantly affects performance. Furthermore, motivation fully mediates the influence of self-efficacy and readiness for change on performance. These findings underscore the importance of fostering achievement motivation among healthcare workers to improve performance. Recommendations include prioritizing strategies to enhance achievement motivation, complemented by efforts to strengthen self-efficacy and readiness for change. While the study contributes to understanding healthcare workers’ performance factors, its generalizability may be limited, and methodological limitations should be considered. Nonetheless, the findings offer valuable insights for enhancing organizational performance and human resource management practices in healthcare settings.
PANSER, A Fun Game-based Learning Media for Teaching Entomology
Authors: Nurkomar Ihsan , Trisnawati Dina Wahyu
Published: September 2024

The world’s insect population is declining drastically. There is a need for education on the types, roles, bioecology, and management of insects. However, low student learning motivation is a common problem in education. A game-based learning media (PANSER) has been created to provide comprehensive information about insects, including their types, roles, bioecology, and management. This study investigates whether PANSER is helpful for teaching entomology, as assessed through participants’ functional and personal perceptions. The assessment also used pre and post-tests before and after playing the game to measure the learning outcome. The participant provided positive evaluations about both the functional and personal perspectives. Furthermore, the game effectively enhanced student learning, showcasing its value as an educational activity in the classroom.
The Application of Cartoon Movies for Students’ Grammar Mastery in a Secondary Education Context
Authors: Puspitasari Evi , Mujahidatul Athifa Lutfiana , Rejeki Murtiningsih Sri
Published: September 2024

For serving students with multiple modes such as visual, auditory, and textual elements to facilitate learning, cartoon movies are an impressive instrument to apply in English classrooms. This current research, conducted in one of junior high schools in Indonesia, with an experimental design, aims to test the difference of using cartoon movies on students’ grammar mastery. A grammatical rule emphasizing on simple past tense was taught over eight meetings through the media. Twenty-four junior high school students who came from an eighth-grade classroom were the participants of this research and were asked to do a pre and post grammar test made by the researchers. The tests which had been validated by three experts in language and assessment were used to assess the difference of the students’ ability of grammar before and after the cartoon movie interventions. According to the mean score, the result presented that the students’ grammar mastery from low level (34.00) moving up to good level (77.50) after the treatment. The Asymp.sig. (2-tailed) is 0.000 which is less than 0.05 so that H1 is approved meaning that there is a significant difference of students’ grammar abilities before and after the treatments of using cartoon movies.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Financial Literacy Programmes in Promoting Financial Resilience among Low-Income Populations
Authors: Bagus Wiranatakusuma Dimas , Abing Martha Joy J. , Capulong Charlyn M. , Mae Laygan Resa , Aprizal Anggi , Mangca Firdausiah T. , Dwi Putra Paputungan Alvaizy , Kamil Muhamad
Published: September 2024

Financial literacy and strategic financial management are interconnected and essential for achieving financial resilience, especially among individuals with low income. Thirteen women were chosen to participate in a one-day training session on financial literacy and planning in Brgy. Digkilaan, Iligan City, the Philippines. The community services programme prioritises addressing financial planning concerns due to the moderate degree of financial literacy, clear financial objectives, established financial planning practices, and active involvement of participants. The life cycle hypothesis theory was employed to assess the financial situations of workshop attendees, with a particular focus on women. Analysis of financial position was conducted using a pre-test on financial planning and literacy, a workshop presentation, a post-test, and a response profile form. The findings provide distinctive perspectives on financial profiles, allocation, and analysis. There has been a financial profile enhancement in planning and Islamic activities, but the chosen individuals restricted from earning a salary that exceeded the national minimum wage, which categorised them into the quadrant of vulnerable groups. This study shows that while the chosen individuals have higher salaries, they lack effective financial management, posing risks and limiting economic advancement. Therefore, consistent financial literacy programs are essential to build financial resilience, especially for women.
An assessment of Financial Literacy Training Project for Key Women Leaders: The Case of Iligan City, Philippines
Authors: Laygan Resa Mae C. , Teves Maria Rizalia Y. , Abing Martha Joy J. , Capulong Charlyn M.
Published: September 2024

Literature suggests that financial literacy training is important for women to improve their financial knowledge and decision-making skills. In collaboration with the Department of Economics, MSU-Iligan Institute of Technology and the Local Government Unit of Iligan City through the CMO-GAD office, a financial literacy training was conducted for key women leaders in Iligan City, Philippines. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the training in increasing the knowledge of these key women leaders. It used a descriptive design, employing structured questionnaires, pre-test and post-test instruments, and evaluation forms. Findings revealed a significant increase in pre-test and post-test scores by 0.8 points on average indicating the training was effective. Most participants rated the training highly satisfactory, with scores ranging from 96 to 100%, suggesting that the content and delivery met their needs. High satisfaction scores could motivate these key women leaders to apply their new knowledge in their associations, enhancing the overall impact of the training. Hence, the study concludes that financial literacy training is crucial in promoting financial understanding and decision-making abilities among key women leaders in Iligan City, Philippines.
Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided coil embolization and cyanoacrylate injection versus cyanoacrylate injection alone for gastric varices: a randomized comparative study
Authors: Jhajharia Ashok , Yadav Sumit , Singh Shashank , Ashdhir Prachis , Nijhawan Sandeep
Published: September 2024

Background Bleeding from gastric varices is life-threatening, with significant rebleeding risk despite standard cyanoacrylate glue injection therapy. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)-guided coil embolization with cyanoacrylate injection (Coil+CYA) compared with EUS-guided cyanoacrylate injection alone (CYA) for the treatment of gastric varices.

Methods The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center in India, using a single-blinded, prospective, and parallel-group randomized design. A total of 50 patients were randomly assigned (1 : 1) to Coil+CYA or CYA. The primary outcome was clinical success (i.e. variceal obliteration). Secondary outcomes involved technical success, gastric variceal recurrence during follow-up, rebleeding episodes, reintervention, and survival.

Results Post-intervention, gastric variceal obliteration assessed by EUS was higher in the Coil+CYA group (100% vs. 92.3%; P = 0.49), with both groups achieving 100% technical success. Rebleeding episodes during 0–12 and 12–24 weeks were comparable in the two groups. At 12 weeks, on EUS, variceal reappearance was less common in the Coil+CYA group (12.5% vs. 19.2%; P = 0.70). Significantly fewer reinterventions were needed in the Coil+CYA group (20.8% vs. 53.8%; P = 0.03). The time to reintervention was significantly longer in the Coil+CYA group (P = 0.01), and the survival time was also longer (P = 0.04).

Conclusions EUS-guided coil embolization with cyanoacrylate injection achieved superior clinical success, reducing the need for reintervention and resulting in improved survival compared with cyanoacrylate injection alone.
Applied Research in Clinical Audiology with Spanish Speakers in the United States: A Scoping Review
Authors: Muñoz Karen , Ortiz Diana , Miguel Guadalupe G. San
Published: September 2024

Abstract Background The Hispanic population is growing, and Spanish is the second most spoken language in the United States. When individuals experience a hearing problem, culturally and linguistically responsive services represent an important part of person-centered
care, contributing to wellbeing and intervention outcomes. Purpose The purpose was to identify research in clinical audiology conducted with Spanish speakers to illuminate gaps and inform future research. Research Design A scoping literature review. Data
Collection and Analysis A database search was completed in January 2022. Included research was conducted in clinical audiology, had Spanish-speaking deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) adults/parents of a DHH child in the United States, Spanish language data collection, and published in
English in a peer-reviewed journal. Studies were categorized by the area of audiology and a narrative description provided. Results The search identified 655 articles. Following screening, 11 studies met the inclusion criteria and 1 article was identified from the reference
lists of included articles for a total 12 articles. The articles were published between 1997 and 2021. Most studies were conducted with adults and a few were with parents of DHH children. Research was conducted in four areas: hearing loss experiences, hearing aid experiences, hearing screening,
and communication. Conclusions There is limited research with Spanish-speaking DHH individuals and parents of DHH children. There is an urgent need for future research to inform culturally and linguistically responsive clinical practice, and to provide evidence-based interventions
for effective hearing health care management.
Decomposition characteristics and influencing mechanisms of C4F7N/CO2 gas with different metal materials
Authors: Yang Yuan , Gao Keli , Wang Hao , Yuan Shuai , Du Jinchao , Ji Yansong , Fu Dehui , Huang Yin , Cui Guangkai
Published: September 2024

C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture, as the main new environmentally friendly gas insulation medium, is now being widely used in the ring network switchgear and other gas electrical equipment. In this paper, a test platform was constructed to simulate partial discharge in a gas medium, the decomposition characteristics of the C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture during suspended potential discharge were studied under four different metal electrode materials: stainless steel, purple copper, tungsten copper, and aluminum alloy. The results show that the main decomposition products of the C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture during suspended discharge are CO, CF4, C4F8, C3F8, C3F6, CF3CN, and C2F4 gases, which are independent of the metal material. On the whole, when the metal electrode material is stainless steel, the highest amount of decomposition products are generated from the C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture; when the metal electrode material is aluminum alloy, the amount of decomposition products produced by C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture is the least, and the content difference of some decomposition products between these two metal materials is as high as 70%. The decomposition products of the C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture decreased gradually with the increase in the gas pressure. Finally, the influence mechanism of different metal materials on the decomposition process of the C4F7N/CO2 gas mixture was analyzed from the microscopic perspectives of charge transfer between gas molecules and molecular structural characteristics. In general, the research results can provide technical reference for the design, selection, and optimization of environmental protection gas insulation equipment.
Hollow cylindrical three-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal for annular beam generation
Authors: Wang Ruonan , Cao Qiang , Wang Xiaoliang , Li Fengchang
Published: September 2024

We present a hollow cylindrical three-dimensional nonlinear photonic crystal for annular beam shaping. By inducing a modification with the near-infrared femtosecond laser inside lithium niobate, we experimentally achieve second-order nonlinear optical coefficient modulation in three dimensions. The center dark spot ratio of the generated annular beam can be adjusted by varying the hollow ratio of the cylindrical structure. To demonstrate the controlled linear variation of the annular distribution, we generate annular beams with center dark spot ratios ranging from 0 to 0.7. Furthermore, we illustrate the feasibility of the generated annular beam in optical trapping by manipulating glass powder particles with diameters of 4–10 μm in water. Our hollow cylindrical structure owns effective control of beam dark spot ratio, while providing a tool for generating annular beam.
Limiting current in a collisional crossed-field gap
Authors: Breen Lorin I. , Cartwright Keith L. , Loveless Amanda M. , Garner Allen L.
Published: September 2024

Crossed-field devices are often used in pulsed power and high-power microwave applications. Previous studies derived closed-form solutions for the limiting current of a vacuum crossed-field system, corresponding to the maximum permissible current for laminar flow, below and above the Hull cutoff BH for magnetic insulation. We extend these studies by introducing collision frequency into the electron force law as a friction term to derive the limiting current in a collisional crossed-field gap. The resulting solution recovers the vacuum crossed-field case in the limit of no collisions and the collisional space-charge limited current with general initial velocity for magnetic field B→0. In the limit of infinite collisions, we obtain a crossed-field equivalent to the Mott–Gurney law for the maximum current permissible in a collisional, nonmagnetic diode. When the collision frequency ν is less than the electron cyclotron frequency Ω, increasing initial velocity makes the critical current nonmonotonic with increasing ν with the critical current higher at B=BH for ν=Ω. As for a misaligned crossed-field gap where a component of the magnetic field was introduced parallel to the electric field across the gap, magnetic insulation is eliminated and the discontinuity at B=BH for limiting current observed in a vacuum crossed-field gap vanishes. As B→∞, the limiting current approaches a constant that depends on the initial velocity and the collision frequency.
Feature-based manifold modeling for the quasiperiodic wake dynamics of a pair of side-by-side cylinders
Authors: Deng Nan , Yan Yuhao , Ji Chunning , Noack Bernd R.
Published: September 2024

We propose a feature-based manifold modeling (FeMM) framework for the quasiperiodic wake dynamics of a pair of side-by-side cylinders. The key enabler is to embed the most parsimonious mean-field manifold based on the extracted features, such as force coefficients and probing data from experiments and numerical simulations. The manifold model is then identified under the mean-field constraints of the model structure, ensuring human-interpretability. The FeMM method is demonstrated with a two-dimensional incompressible flow crossing a pair of side-by-side cylinders, exhibiting a flip-flopping wake in quasiperiodic behavior. The transient and post-transient dynamics are characterized by two coupled oscillators associated with vortex shedding and gap flow oscillations. Dynamic mode decomposition analysis reveals significant modal interactions between these two flow mechanisms, posing a serious challenge to projection-based modeling approaches, such as the Galerkin projection method. Nevertheless, the FeMM approach, based on force measurements, yields an interpretable model that accounts for the mechanisms underlying the quasiperiodic dynamics, demonstrating its applicability to higher-order dynamics with multiple scales and invariant sets. This approach is expected to have broad applicability in dynamic modeling and state estimation in various real-world scenarios.
Flexible and anisotropically conductive film by assembly of silicone rubber and cobalt-coated glass fiber composites
Authors: Zhou Ruihua , Tan Baoyu , Li Hairu
Published: September 2024

In this study, we prepared electromagnetic cobalt-coated glass fiber (Co@GF) composites via an electroless plating method. Subsequently, a conductive sandwich flexible film consisting of Co@GF composites and liquid silicone rubber (RTV-2) was successfully formed using the tape casting method at room temperature. Based on the perfect coating and excellent electrical conductivity of the Co@GF composites, the resultant RTV-2/Co@GF/RTV-2 sandwich flexible film showed a low volume resistivity of 0.264 Ω·cm and could stretch to 100% (of 4.40 Ω·cm) without obvious fracture. When a magnetic field was applied during the curing process, the electromagnetic Co@GF composites were aligned automatically in the RTV-2 matrix because of their ferromagnetic nature. The as-prepared film exhibited anisotropy in its electrical performance. The volume resistivity parallel to the magnetic field direction is approximately two times lower than that in the perpendicular direction. The maximum difference in the volume resistivity (ρ∥ = 0.768 Ω·cm and ρ⊥ = 1.549 Ω·cm) was obtained at a magnetic field intensity of 800 mT. In addition, a magnetic field intensity of 100 mT helps improve the electrical conductivity of the as-obtained sandwich film. The anisotropic RTV-2/Co@GF/RTV-2 sandwich flexible film is considered a promising flexible electronic sensor, where discrepant inductive sensitivity is required in orthogonal directions.
Study on the Karman gait kinematics of an airfoil in an asymmetrical vortex street
Authors: Wu Wenbo , Gu Runpeng , Hu Zhongming , Sun Yuankun
Published: September 2024

To understand fish swimming behavior in unsteady flows, this paper introduces the Kármán gait model to numerically investigate the hydrodynamics of fish-like swimming in an asymmetric vortex environment, specifically the P + S mode (a pair of vortices are shed from one side of the cylinder and a single vortex from the other side during one oscillation period) created by an oscillating cylinder. The immersed boundary method is employed to model both the fish-like airfoil and the vibrating cylinder. Through simulations across a broad range of controlling parameters, we analyze the advancement efficiency of the airfoil in the P + S mode, the force coefficients, Fourier spectra of hydrodynamic forces, and the interactions between the airfoil and vortices. Our findings reveal that the fundamental phase Φ0 is crucial, as it directly influences the airfoil's position relative to the vortex and affects the forces exerted. Other parameters play a secondary role, primarily reinforcing the effect of the fundamental phase on airfoil–vortex interactions. Furthermore, the vortex pair boosting effect, unique to the P + S mode, enhances the airfoil's thrust and swimming efficiency. The wake environment behind the airfoil is also vital for maximizing benefits from the P + S mode. When the fundamental mode fs, indicative of the airfoil's ability to extract energy from vortices, dominates the Fourier spectra of hydrodynamic forces, it supports the airfoil's motion in the P + S mode. Conversely, when the first harmonic mode 2fs dominates the drag spectrum, it hinders propulsion by reducing the airfoil's thrust in the swimming direction.
Soliton-based modeling of nano-ionic currents in transmission line
Authors: Akram U. , Alhushaybari A. , Alharthi A. M.
Published: September 2024

Many nonlinear evolution equations, such as the nano-ionic currents (NIC) equation, are used extensively in many scientific and technological domains particularly in nanoelectronics and bioelectronics. The mathematical modeling of NIC phenomena is vital for understanding their behavior and optimizing device performance. Our research leverages an array of mathematical methods, including multi-wave analysis, periodic wave solutions, lump soliton dynamics, breather wave phenomena, homoclinic breathers, M-shaped waveforms, and rogue wave analysis. Additionally, our investigation encompasses the exploration of single kink and double kink configurations, interactions between periodic and kink waves, interaction between M shaped with kink and rogue, interaction between M shaped with one kink, interaction between M shaped with kink and periodic, interaction between M shaped with two kinks as well as periodic wave interactions with lump waves. To further emphasize the structure of solutions derived from particular parameter choices, we include three-dimensional, two-dimensional, streamplot, and contour graphs.
Identification of WRKY transcription factors in Rosa chinensis and analysis of their expression response to alkali stress response
Authors: Huang Changbing , Cheng Wenhui , Feng Yu , Zhang Tongyu , Yan Taotao , Jiang Zhengzhi , Cheng Peilei
Published: September 2024

Breeding abiotic stress-tolerant varieties of Rosa chinensis is a paramount goal in horticulture. WRKY transcription factors, pivotal in plant responses to diverse stressors, offer potential targets for enhancing stress resilience in R. chinensis. Using bioinformatics and genomic data, we identified RcWRKY transcription factor genes, characterised their chromosomal distribution, phylogenetic relationships, structural attributes, collinearity, and expression patterns in response to saline stress. Leveraging bidirectional database searches, we pinpointed 66 RcWRKY genes, categorised into three groups. All except RcWRKY60 encoded DNA Binding Domain and Zinc Finger Motif regions of the WRKY domain. Expansion of the RcWRKY gene family was propelled by 19 segmental, and 2 tandem, duplications. We unveiled 41 and 15 RcWRKY genes corresponding to 50 AtWRKY and 17 OsWRKY orthologs respectively, indicating postdivergence expansion. Expression analyses under alkaline stress pinpointed significant alterations in 54 RcWRKY genes. Integration of functional roles from their Arabidopsis orthologs and cis-acting elements within their promoters, along with quantitative reverse transcription PCR validation, underscored the importance of RcWRKY27 and 29 in R. chinensis’ alkaline stress response. These findings offer insights into the biological roles of RcWRKY transcription factors, as well as the regulatory dynamics governing R. chinensis’ growth, development, and stress resilience.
Specific physiological responses to alkaline carbonate stress in rice (Oryza sativa) seedlings: organic acid metabolism and hormone signalling
Authors: Wang Dan , Xu Miao , Xu Teng-yuan , Lin Xiu-yun , Musazade Elshan , Lu Jing-mei , Yue Wei-jie , Guo Li-quan , Zhang Yu
Published: September 2024

In recent years, alkaline soda soil has stimulated numerous biological research on plants under carbonate stress. Here, we explored the difference in physiological regulation of rice seedlings between saline (NaCl) and alkaline carbonate (NaHCO3 and Na2CO3) stress. The rice seedlings were treated with 40 mM NaCl, 40 mM NaHCO3 and 20 mM Na2CO3 for 2 h, 12 h, 24 h and 36 h, their physiological characteristics were determined, and organic acid biosynthesis and metabolism and hormone signalling were identified by transcriptome analysis. The results showed that alkaline stress caused greater damage to their photosynthetic and antioxidant systems and led to greater accumulation of organic acid, membrane damage, proline and soluble sugar but a decreased jasmonic acid content compared with NaCl stress. Jasmonate ZIM-Domain (JAZ), the probable indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase GH3s, and the protein phosphatase type 2Cs that related to the hormone signalling pathway especially changed under Na2CO3 stress. Further, the organic acid biosynthesis and metabolism process in rice seedlings were modified by both Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 stresses through the glycolate/glyoxylate and pyruvate metabolism pathways. Collectively, this study provides valuable evidence on carbonate-responsive genes and insights into the different molecular mechanisms of saline and alkaline stresses.
Transdifferentiation occurs without resetting development-specific DNA methylation, a key determinant of full-function cell identity
Authors: Radwan Ahmed , Eccleston Jason , Sabag Ofra , Marcus Howard , Sussman Jonathan , Ouro Alberto , Rahamim Moran , Azagury Meir , Azria Batia , Stanger Ben Z. , Cedar Howard , Buganim Yosef
Published: September 2024

A number of studies have demonstrated that it is possible to directly convert one cell type to another by factor-mediated transdifferentiation, but in the vast majority of cases, the resulting reprogrammed cells are unable to maintain their new cell identity for prolonged culture times and have a phenotype only partially similar to their endogenous counterparts. To better understand this phenomenon, we developed an analytical approach for better characterizing trans-differentiation-associated changes in DNA methylation, a major determinant of long-term cell identity. By examining various models of transdifferentiation both in vitro and in vivo, our studies indicate that despite convincing expression changes, transdifferentiated cells seem unable to alter their original developmentally mandated methylation patterns. We propose that this blockage is due to basic developmental limitations built into the regulatory sequences that govern epigenetic programming of cell identity. These results shed light on the molecular rules necessary to achieve complete somatic cell reprogramming.
Feasibility of loop-gain tuning for general measurement systems inspired by quantum locking for DECIGO
Authors: Ishikawa T , Kawasaki Y , Tsuji K , Shimizu R , Umemura K , Wu B , Iwaguchi S , Michimura Y , Nagano K , Enomoto Y , Komori K , Doki S , Furusawa A , Kawamura S
Published: September 2024

A series of quantum locking theories have been proposed to enhance the quantum-noise-limited target sensitivity of the DECi-hertz Interferometer Gravitational wave Observatory. The quantum locking that uses a square completion optimizes the sensitivity across all frequencies. However, a substantial amount of data-series must be post-processed since the square completion is a form of signal processing technique. This paper approaches the optimal sensitivity across all frequencies from an alternative perspective: by optimizing the frequency dependence of a servo gain in a feedback loop. The optimal servo gain is formulated by comparing the alternative method with the square completion method for the same optical setup. This will be shown in general noise issues extending the framework of the quantum locking. We find that the optimal servo gain forms a non-feasible filter but has certain characteristics. We also find that the noise of the measurement signal deteriorates proportionally to the noise measured in the feedback loop when the servo gain is slightly imperfect.
A unified spectral approach for quasinormal modes of Morris–Thorne wormholes
Authors: Batic Davide , Dutykh Denys
Published: September 2024

In this paper, we undertake a comprehensive examination of quasinormal modes (QNMs) linked to Morris–Thorne, also known as Bronnikov–Ellis wormholes, delving into scalar, electromagnetic, and gravitational perturbations using the spectral method. Our research corrects inaccuracies previously reported in the literature and addresses areas where the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation proves inadequate. Moreover, we introduce and evaluate a novel spectral technique designed to consolidate recent advancements in formulating QNM boundary conditions at both the wormhole throat and space-like infinity. This innovative approach bridges critical gaps in existing methodologies and enhances the accuracy and applicability of QNM analysis in the study of wormhole physics.
Independent friction-restitution modeling of collisions: application to planar sphere rebound on a massive surface
Authors: Doménech-Carbó Antonio
Published: September 2024

The most widely used impulse-based description of impact events expresses it in terms of the coefficient of restitution (normal and tangential) and friction. This model leads to significant variations of the coefficients of tangential restitution and friction with the impact angle. An alternative formulation is presented based on the idea that friction and restitution can be treated as ‘mechanisms’ operating simultaneously but independently throughout the impact. The resulting independent friction restitution closure describes the impact for both stick and slip regimes using the same set of ‘constant’ coefficients of restitution (normal and tangential) and friction. The model yields theoretical predictions in agreement with reported experimental data including several results considered as ‘anomalous’ in the literature.
Reconstruction of the doping profile in Vlasov–Poisson system
Authors: Lai Ru-Yu , Li Qin , Sun Weiran
Published: September 2024

We study the inverse problem of recovering the doping profile in the stationary Vlasov–Poisson equation, given the knowledge of the incoming and outgoing measurements at the boundary of the domain. This problem arises from identifying impurities in the semiconductor manufacturing. Our result states that, under suitable assumptions, the doping profile can be uniquely determined through an asymptotic formula of the electric field that it generates.