bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilities Of Prevention And Treatment Of Human Cytomegalovirus Infections Including New Drugs And Compounds With Potential Application
Authors: Majewska Anna , Młynarczyk-Bonikowska Beata , Malejczyk Magdalena , Majewski Sławomir , Młynarczyk Grażyna
Published: February 2020

Human Cytomegalovirus (hCMV) or human herpesvirus 5 (HHV5) is one of the most common pathogens. Studies indicate the presence of infection in 60–100% of individuals. The ability to cause asymptomatic, infection and a latency promotes the persistence and spread of the virus. hCMV infection is usually asymptomatic and does not require treatment, but in some cases especially in immunocompromised persons (e.g., transplant recipients, patients with hematological malignancies, untreated HIV infected individuals) symptoms can be serious and life-threatening. The paper presents drugs currently used for treatment or prevention of hCMV infection, as well as the prospect of new treatment options. Currently, ganciclovir or valganciclovir are used as the first-line drugs and foscarnet and cidofovir are used alternatively. These drugs usually allow to control hCMV infections, however, there are important limitations. These include the toxicity and the possibility of the development of resistance, including the cross-resistance to all four drugs because they have a common mechanism of action, inhibition of viral DNA polymerase. Therefore, the creation of new drugs, with different mechanisms of action, lower toxicity and better pharmacokinetic parameters is important. Recently, the new drug, letermovir have been registered. Letermovir acts as hCMV DNA terminase inhibitor and due to the different mechanism of action the drug is active against hCMV strains resistant to DNA polymerase inhibitors, and potentially can act synergistically with them. The other drugs that are in the research stage or clinical studies include: brincidofovir, a cidofovir derivative, maribavir, a competitive inhibitor of ATP, cyclopropavir, a guanosine analog and antiviral peptides.

1. Introduction – epidemiology of hCMV infections and prophylaxis schemes. 2. Drugs approved for use in the prevention and treatment of hCMV infections. 2.1. Nucleoside analogues: ganciclovir and valganciclovir. 2.2. Foscarnet. 2.3. Cidofovir. 2.4. Letermovir. 3. Compounds with potential use in the treatment of hCMV infections. 3.1. Brincidofovir. 3.2. Maribavir. 3.3. Cyclopropavir 3.4. Antiviral peptides. 4. Summary
Chitinases As The Key To The Interaction Between Plants And Microorganisms
Authors: Kisiel Anna , Jęckowska Katarzyna
Published: February 2020

Chitin is the main structural component of fungal cells and of the exoskeletons of insects. Plant and bacterial cells are equipped with chitinases, enzymes that break down chitin. Chitinases participate in many interactions between organisms, including symbiosis and antagonism. These interactions are significant drivers of many ecosystem functions and are important for the health of plants and animals. Additionally, due to the common occupation of habitat, fungi and bacteria engage in complex interactions that lead to critical changes in the behavior of microorganisms like endosymbiotic bacteria of mycorrhizal fungi. Thus, chitinases are of interest in environmental science, medicine and biotechnology. The present review describes the role of plant and bacterial chitinases in mutual interactions.

1. Introduction. 2. Differentiation of chitinases. 3. Chitinases in interactions with the environment. 3.1. Plant chitinases in interactions with microorganisms. 3.2. Bacterial chitinases in interactions with other microorganisms. 4. Practical application of chitinases. 5. Summary
Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate As An Example Of A Biopolymer Produced By Methanotrophic Bacteria
Authors: Kubaczyński Adam , Pytlak Anna , Stępniewska Zofia
Published: February 2020

The objective of this review paper is to present the current state of knowledge about poly-3-hydroxybutyrate produced by methanotrophic bacteria. Methanotrophs are a large group of microorganisms, which live in different kinds of environment, but they preferably occupy places with high methane production, such as swamps, peat bogs, rice fields, or widely understood geological deposits. Methanotrophic bacteria are an important object of research for specialists of environmental biotechnology, are increasingly identified in environmental samples. Methanotrophs are Gram-negative microorganisms, they belonging to the group of Proteobacteria and classified as methylotrophs. In their metabolic cycle, they use methane as the main source of coal and energy. PHB is a linear polyester of 3-hydroxybutyric acid, PHB is accumulated in microorganisms during physiological stress, triggered by the deficit of biogenic elements, such as nitrogen or phosphorus and when the concentration of carbon source is high. Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate belongs to a large group of biodegradable polymers known as polyhydroxyalkanoates. PHB has a similar physico-chemical properties as conventional polymers. PHB is environmentally friendly due to the fast biodegradation and production non-toxic waste during degradation. For this reason poli-3-hydroxybutyrate is an interesting alternative to petrochemical polymers. PHB found a lot of applications in industry, medicine and pharmacy.

1. Introduction. 2. General characteristic of methanotrophic bacteria. 3. Biosynthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate by methanotrophic bacteria. 4. Polyhydroxyalkanoates and poly-3-hydroxybutyrate characteristic. 5. Application of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate. 6. Biodegradation of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate in the environment. 7. Summary
Biosynthesis And The Possibility Of Using Ectoine And Hydroxyectoine In Health Care
Authors: Goraj Weronika , Stępniewska Zofia , Szafranek-Nakonieczna Anna
Published: February 2020

The global production of L-amino acids is largely based on microbiological synthesis. The largest bioproduction concerns L-glutamic acid (1.5 million tons per year), and L-lysine (850,000 tons per year). Among other amino acids, ectoine and hydroxyectoine are mentioned in the growing demand. Currently, the main producer of ectoine based on the biotechnology process is the German company Bitop. The organism used in the ectoine production is Halomonas elongata isolated from a solar salt facility on Bonaire, Netherlands Antilles. The production of ectoine described in the literature is based on the so-called “milking” process. The great demand for amino acids is related to their properties and potential use. Ectoine, as a kosmotropic substance, has the property of stabilizing the structure of water molecules. Just like other osmolytes in aqueous solutions, ectoine increases the hydration of macromolecules, preventing them from denaturation. The industrial use of ectoine is based mainly on the ability to protect the skin and alleviate its inflammation but also applies to other, broad possibilities of its application in biotechnology, cosmetology, medicine and pharmacy.

1. Introduction. 2. Properties of ectoine. 3. The use of ectoine. 4. Chemical and biotechnological production of ectoine 5. Microorganisms synthesizing ectoine. 5.1. Methanotrophic bacteria. 6. Summary
Endotoxemia And Intestinal Barrier Disorders Associated With Overweight And Obesity
Authors: Janczy Agata , Kochan Zdzisław , Małgorzewicz Sylwia
Published: February 2020

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the widespread problem of overweight and obesity is the fifth most important risk factor for deaths in the world. The most frequently mentioned are the genetic and environmental factors that lead to the absorption of excess energy from food and to accumulate it in the form of spare adipose tissue. Another important fact is that even the use of a low-energy diet does not support the effective reduction of excessive body weight. It turns out that the cause may be intestinal microbiota, the composition of which changes in people with overweight and obesity. The intestinal microbiota dysbiosis is additionally perceived by many researchers as the cause of the development of metabolic diseases, including obesity or type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, Gram-negative bacteria constituting a component of the intestinal ecosystem are the source of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), responsible for the development of systemic inflammation and endotoxemia. Based on a literature review related to the subject, it can be concluded that intestinal microbiota disorders, intestinal barrier damage and increased LPS levels in patients adversely affect the obesity and components of the metabolic syndrome and hinder the treatment of these diseases.

1. Introduction. 2. Intestinal barrier function. 3. Intestinal barrier disorders and endotoxemia. 4. Summary
Killer Yeasts And Their Application
Authors: Błaszczyk Urszula
Published: February 2020

A killer phenotype, associated with the production and secretion of killer toxins, is widespread among yeasts and in competitive conditions gives an advantage to killer yeast strains in relation to other, sensitive microorganisms colonizing the same ecological niche. Killer toxins are proteins, usually glycoproteins, that are able to kill strains of susceptible yeasts. Each killer toxin has unique properties that vary depending on the strain of yeast that produces it. These differences concern the location of genes that encode toxins, molecular weight, as well as mechanisms of action. Some strains of killer yeast are characterized by a wide range of antagonistic activity, inhibit the development of a number of yeast strains, as well as molds, and have been studied for many years in terms of their biotechnological potential. Killer yeast and its toxins can find potential application in many fields: in the production of food and beverages, especially during wine fermentation and maturation, in biological control of plant pathogens, in yeast biotyping and as new antifungal agents.

1. Introduction. 2. Biosynthesis and structure of killer toxins. 3. Properties of killer proteins. 4. The mechanism of action of killer toxins. 5. Use of killer yeasts and their toxins. 5.1. Application in viticulture. 5.2. Potential application in medicine. 5.3. Combating fungal diseases of plants. 5.4. Transgenic plants producing killer toxins. 5.5. Use of killer yeasts in the marine environment. 6. Summary
Molecular Methods For Diagnostics Of Dermatomycoses – Review Of Available Techniques And Evaluation Of Their Advantages And Disadvantages In Implementation For In Routine Use
Authors: Gnat Sebastian , Łagowski Dominik , Nowakiewicz Aneta , Dyląg Mariusz
Published: February 2020

Fungal infections of the skin, hairs, and nails undeniably dominate among all types of fungal infections. The etiological factors of the majority of superficial fungal infections are dermatophytes which, although they are the oldest microorganisms considered as pathogens, have long been unstable in the taxonomic position. From a diagnostic point of view, the species identification of dermatophytes is still a serious problem, often generating therapeutic errors. An increasing number of infections, including zoonoses, lack of taxonomic stability and ambiguous clinical picture of all cases of dermatomycosis induce to search for new, fast, repeatable and at the same time cheap methods of species identification of these fungi. In the last decade, revolutionary progress has been observed in the development of molecular methods for the diagnosis of fungal infections and the reliable identification of species of etiological factors that cause these dermatomycoses. The results of many studies indicate that the direct identification of fungi from dermatological samples based on molecular methods is much more reliable and much faster compared to that carried out by conventional methods. Often, the etiological factor of the observed changes was also identified, while the result of cultivation was negative. Particular molecular methods used in the species identification of fungi directly from the clinical material differ in the procedures of genomic DNA extraction, PCR techniques used, the molecular marker used and the results interpretation system. This paper reviews literature regarding different methods of diagnosing of superficial fungal infections based on molecular biology techniques, their advantages and limitations, as well as critical factors for their implementation for routine use. The position of microbiologists in this matter seems to be a foregone conclusion, the time when molecular diagnostics will replace the conventional techniques, based on the cultivation of dermatophytes and assessing their morphology, inexorably coming. Molecular methods of identifying aetiological factors of dermatomycoses directly from dermatological samples are much more attractive and have many advantages.

1. Introduction. 2. Importance of identification of dermatophyte species in dermatological samples. 3. Molecular species identification in pure dermatophyte cultures. 4. Methods for direct identification of fungi from clinical samples. 4.1. DNA isolation. 4.2. Classical PCRbased techniques of direct identification. 4.3. Real-time PCR-based techniques of direct identification. 5. Choice of an optimal method for routine use. 6. Advantages and drawbacks of molecular identification methods applied in mycology. 7. Summary
Physics Course Attitudes Scale for High School Students: A Validity and Reliability Study
Authors: ÇERMİK Hülya , KARA İzzet
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop an up-to-date scale with high validity and reliability that could reveal the attitudes of high school students towards the physics course. In the process of developing the scale in question, three independent samples were formed, and the data obtained from a total of 1118 high school students were analyzed. Firstly, the opinions of 152 high school students on the physics course were collected in written form, and a 58-item pool was formed. Afterwards, the draft scale which was designed as a 5-point Likert-type scale whose items were reduced to 43 based on expert opinions was applied on 602 high school students. Based on the data obtained, an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out. With the EFA, it is determined that 22 items of the scale have factor loads between 0.490 and 0.816, while they explain 66.276% of the total variance and are distributed under four factors. These factors are named as interest, unwillingness, academic self and necessity. Additionally, these four factors are significantly correlated, and there is no autocorrelation problem. For all items in the scale, item-factor and item-test correlation coefficients were calculated, and it is determined that each item is consistent with not only the factor it is under but also the entire test.
Wollt ihr den totalen Krieg? Legal, Political, and Moral Aspects of the Resettlement of German Population
Authors: Kranz Jerzy
Published: February 2020

Germany had started the Second World War in an intentional and conscious manner, obviously being aware that every action can have unpredictable and unwanted consequences. The Potsdam decisions were taken by the Great Powers after assuming supreme authority in Germany. They constituted a manifestation of the Allies’ rights and responsibilities. The territorial changes of Germany and the transfer of population were part of the general regulation of the effects of the Second World War. These decisions were not a simple matter of revenge. They must be perceived in a wider political perspective of European policy. The resettlement by Germany of ethnic Germans to the Reich or to the territories it occupied constituted an instrument of National Socialist policy. This German policy turned out in 1945 to be a tragic irony of fate. The resettlement decided in Potsdam must be perceived in the context of German legal responsibility for the war’s outbreak. The individual perception of the resettlement and individual guilt are different from the international responsibility of the state and from the political-historical responsibility of the nation. In our discussion we made the distinction between the individual and the collective aspect as well as between the legal and historical/political aspect. We deal with the guilt of individuals (criminal, political, moral), the international legal responsibility of states, and the political and historical responsibility of  nations (societies). For the difficult process of understanding and reconciliation between Poles and Germans, the initiatives undertaken by some social circles, and especially the church, were of vital importance. The question of the resettlement became a theme of numerous publications in Poland after 1989. In the mid 1990s there was a vast debate in the media with the main question of: should we apologize for the resettlement? Tracing a line from wrongdoing/harm to unlawfulness is not  easy. In 1945 the forcible transfer of the German population was an act that was not prohibited by international law. What is significant is that this transfer was not a means of war conduct. It did not apply to the time of a belligerent occupation, in terms of humanitarian law, but to a temporary, specific, international post-conflict administration. Maybe for some people Potsdam decisions will always be seen as an illegal action, for others as an expression of strict international legal responsibility, for some as a kind of imperfect justice, and still for others as an opening of a new opportunity for Europe.
The Situation of Migrant Women in the light of the (Draft) Reform of CEAS
Authors: Półtorak Magdalena
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this paper is to outline a framework of the Common European Asylum System reform taking into consideration the gender perspective as a point of reference. Migrant women are disproportionately more likely to be exposed to different forms of violence (also sexual and gender based), so it is worth examining whether their specific situation and needs have been taken into account also within ongoing and forced by current migration crisis (draft) reform of the CEAS. In order to show its potential influence first of all the proposals directly related to the standards of treatment and rights for asylum seekers (as Regulation replacing the Asylum Procedure Directive, Regulation replacing the Qualification Directive and the reformed Reception Conditions Directive) were investigated. Nevertheless, the Author has also paid some attention on the other elements of “third asylum package” (as EUAA Regulation).
Austrian Veto against European Union Membership Negotiations with Turkey
Authors: Kaczan-Winiarska Ewa
Published: February 2020

The Austrian government is extremely sceptical about the accession negotiations which are conducted by the European Commission on behalf of the European Union with Turkey and calls for the negotiation process to end. Serious reservations of Vienna have been raised by the current political situation in Turkey under the rule of President Recep Tayyip Erdogan, as well as by the standards of democracy in Turkey, which differ greatly from European standards. Serious deficiencies in rule of law, freedom of speech and independence of the judiciary, confirmed in the latest European Commission report on Turkey, do not justify, from Vienna’s point of view, the continuation of talks with Ankara on EU membership. In fact, Austria’s scepticism about the European perspective for Turkey has a longer tradition. This was marked previously in 2005 when the accession negotiations began. Until now, Austria’s position has not had enough clout within the European arena. Pragmatic cooperation with Turkey as a strategic partner of the EU, both in the context of the migration crisis and security policy, proved to be a key factor. The question is whether Austria, which took over the EU presidency from 1.7.2018, will be able to more strongly accentuate its reservations about Turkey and even build an alliance of Member States strong enough to block Turkey’s accession process.
CJEU Achmea Judgment and What Comes Next. Some Reflections on the Potential Implications of the CJEU Judgment (C-284/16)
Authors: Domagała Przemysław
Published: February 2020

In the judgment of 6.03.2018 (Achmea case, C-284/16), CJEU ruled that treaty clauses that allow investor from one of the Member States to bring proceedings against another Member State before an arbitraltribunal outside the EU judicial system are irreconcilable with Articles 267 and 344 TFEU when such tribunal may be called on to interpret or apply EU law. This principle is applicable to EU trade or investment agreements (FTAs and IIAs), since they are part of EU law, and to BITs, FTAs and IIAs, since they contain explicit or implicit referrals to municipal (EU) law. In intra-EU relations, such a conflict of norms must be solved according to customary international law codified in the VCLT. According to this law, TFEU would prevail as lex superior and, in the case of Poland and many other Member States, as lex posterior. In intra-EU relations, TFEU prevails ex proprio vigore, i.e. without the need to terminate intra-EU BITs. However, such termination is highly desirable, not only for reasons of clarity, but also because arbitral tribunals and extra-EU courts are not bounded by the ECJ’s ruling. In the case of agreements with non-Member States, the incompatibilities referred to in the Achmea judgment must be eliminated by renegotiation or formal termination (Article 307 (2) TFEU). In the case of the BITs, the latter seems to be the only practical solution.
Case C-600/14 Germany v Council (OTIF)
Authors: Niedźwiedź Monika
Published: February 2020

The commented judgement is (back) in line with the reasoning emerging in the Court’s jurisprudence, as well as in the legal doctrine, according to which, expressing it short and to the point, “shared is not always mixed”. In other words, the existence of the EU external competence is a decisive factor for the conclusion and execution of an international agreement. If the EU shares competence with the Member States over the whole agreement, it may be concluded by the EU only. Moreover, as follows from the commented judgment, the EU may also be the only one empowered to make decisions at the stage of the implementation of an international agreement with shared competence. This is supposed to be the way to get rid of problematic mixity in EU external relations. A long time ago, the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail would have been perceived as a mixed agreement with concurrent competences. Nowadays, it is the EU’s international agreement  with shared competence.
Crimes against humanity in the works of the International Law Commission on the draft articles on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity
Authors: Masło Krzysztof
Published: February 2020

Crimes against humanity, besides war crimes, belong to the most frequently committed and prosecuted crimes of international law. Recently, the International Law Commission adopted draft Articles on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity, bridging the gap in international criminal law and in international cooperation between states. When discussing the draft Articles on the prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity, the International Law Commission did not act in a vacuum. The issue of understanding crimes against humanity and the obligations of states related to the prevention and punishment of these crimes has appeared in the works of the Commission since the 1950s, primarily in connection with the development of the draft Code of crimes against the peace and security of mankind and the statute of the International Criminal Court. Based on its previous experiences, the International Law Commission focused on four issues to be covered by the draft Articles: 1) definition of crimes against humanity; 2) the obligation of states to criminalise such crimes in domestic law; 3) the obligation of states to cooperate in the investigation, prosecution and punishment of these offences; 4) the duty of aut dedere aut judicare fortified by the perpetrator’s stay in the territory of the state party. Considering the broad support for the definition of crimes against humanity adopted in the ICC Statute and its complementary character, the International Law Commission adopted the definition of art. 7 of the ICC Statute. The works of the International Law Commission are focused on the obligations of countries related to prevention and punishment of crimes against humanity, especially: the obligation to criminalise crimes against humanity and to establish jurisdiction over those crimes. The International Law Commission also formulated a series of obligations of states with a procedural character in the draft Articles, for example, obligation to conduct prompt and efficient criminal proceedings, the purpose of which is to explain all the circumstances of the crime and to punish the guilty person or persons.
Frontex activities on the Western Balkan route during the migrant crisis (2015-…)
Authors: Bukowski Patryk
Published: February 2020

According to the title, the subject of this article is the activity of Frontex (European Border and Coast Guard Agency) on the Western Balkan route during the migrant crisis, the escalation of which took place in mid-2015. The main part of the text has been divided into four parts. In the first part of the article, the author briefly described the genesis of Frontex and its current activity in the normative perspective. In the second part, the author characterised the determinants of the migrant crisis, focusing on the challenges for the European Union which the crisis generated. In the third part, the author described the course of the Western Balkan route and analysed statistical data on the population migrating that route. In the fourth and last part, the author analysed Frontex’s activity on the Western Balkan route, describing the determinants of the actions taken.
Analysis of the structure and practical activity of the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions
Authors: Bicz Karolina
Published: February 2020

The article presents the structure and practical activity of the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. The text consists of the following chapters: introduction, institutional structure, activities and objectives of the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, the practical activities of the Foundation, social dimension of intra-EU mobility, its impact on public services and a summary. The author also described the issue of “welfare magnet hypothesis”. In general, the article reveals and describes the significance of the institution in the context of the labour law policy operating in the European Union.
Joined Cases C-643/15 and C-647/15 Slovak Republic and Hungary v Council of the European Union
Authors: Doliwa-Klepacka Anna
Published: February 2020

In the commented judgment the Court of Justice has, for the first time, made an analysis of the legal nature of Article 78(3) TFEU including in particular the understanding of the concepts contained in that provision and the conditions for its application. This provision allows the Council to adopt the non-legislative acts in case of a sudden influx of migrants from third countries into the territory of the Member States. The Court also characterized the temporary relocation mechanism as a part of the common asylum system of the EU and a crisis management measure and examined the provisions of Council Decision 2015/1601, obligating the Member States to relocate 120000 persons staying in Italy and Greece – in the light of the notions used in Article 78(3) TFEU.
Acne: What Does Youth Think About It?
Authors: ERKEN İlyas , YILDIZ Ülkü , ESKİCİ Melike , LİMNİLİ Gizem , ÖZÇAKAR Nilgün
Published: February 2020

Objective: Acne vulgaris, a chronic disorder of pilosebaceous units, is common in adolescents. Early detection and appropriate treatment of acne is essential in the prevention of severe acne and scarring, and the consequent adverse psychosocial disabilities resulting from feelings of embarrassment, frustration and poor self-esteem. Emotional issues in young individuals with acne must be identified appropriately. Material and method: This was a cross-sectional survey involving students applied to a University Medical Center. They were administered a questionnaire including socio-demographical properties, general knowledge about acne and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale’s first ten questions. SPSS 15.0 program was used for statistical analysis and p<0.05 was accepted as statistical significant. Results: Two hundred and forty seven students were included and 63.6% (n.157) were women. Mean age was 21.40±2.38. Majority of the students (99.3%) had acne but 41.3% of acne problems had lasted before three months. Acne was defined as an illness by 53.4% of the students and 38.1% visited a doctor for acne treatment. Conclusion: Despite the high prevalence of acne, there is still much deficiency of knowledge and wrong beliefs about acne. This indicates that there is a need for education about etiopathogenesis, potential complications and importance of effective treatment for acne.

Amaç: Akne vulgaris, pilosebase birimlerin ergenlerde yaygın olarak görülen kronik bir hastalığıdır. Aknenin erken tanısı ve uygun tedavisi, şiddetli akne ile yara izi oluşumunun utanç, hayal kırıklığı, düşük benlik saygısı duygularından kaynaklanan, olumsuz psikososyal sorunların önlenmesinde önemlidir. Akneli genç bireylerde, duygusal konular, uygun teşhis edilmelidir. Yöntem: Bu çalışma, bir üniversitenin medikososyal hizmetler birimine başvuran öğrencilerin yer aldığı kesitsel bir çalışmadır. Katılımcılara, sosyodemografik özellikler, akne hakkında genel bilgiler ve Rosenberg Benlik Saygısı Ölçeği ilk on sorusunu içeren bir anket uygulanmıştır. Veri analizinde SPSS 15.0 kullanılmış ve p<0.05 anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 247 öğrenci dâhil edilmiş olup % 63,6’sı (n=157) kadındır. Yaş ortalaması 21.40±2.38 (Min=18, Maks=32) olan öğrencilerin çoğunluğunda (%99,3) akne görüldüğü, %41,3’ünde üç aydan az sürdüğü belirtilmiştir. Öğrencilerin %53,4’ü akneyi bir hastalık olarak tanımlamış ve %38,1’i akne tedavisi için doktora başvurmuştur. Sonuç: Üniversite öğrencileri arasında akne görülme sıklığı yüksek olmasına rağmen, akne hakkındaki bilgi düzeyleri düşük bulunmuştur. Konuyla ilgili olarak etiyopatogenez, potansiyel komplikasyonlar ve uygun tedavinin önemi açısından gerekli bilgilendirmenin yarar sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Diagnostic Tests in The Management of Allergic Diseases in Primary Care
Authors: UYGUNSOY Merve , MEVSİM Vildan
Published: February 2020

Allergic diseases are a major cause of morbidity worldwide and cause a significant burden on the health and medical systems of both developed and developing economies. Most of the patients who want to get medical advice for allergic diseases firstly apply to the primary care. Most patients with allergies can be managed in primary care with appropriate treatment, advice and prevention, without the need for identification of the causative allergen. In the diagnosis of allergic diseases, first of all, a good medical history should be taken and physical examination should be performed. Allergy testing may be required if the patient's symptoms do not settle through medical treatment, or if the determination of the allergen will benefit the treatment of the patient.

Alerjik hastalıklar dünya çapında önemli bir morbidite nedenidir ve hem gelişmiş hem de gelişmekte olan ekonomilerin sağlık ve tıbbi sistemlerine önemli bir yük oluşturmaktadır. Alerjik hastalıklar için tıbbi tavsiye almak isteyen hastaların çoğunluğu öncelikle birinci basamağa başvurmaktadır. Alerjisi olan çoğu hasta, uygun tedavi, tavsiye ve korunma yöntemleriyle, etken alerjenin tanımlanmasına gerek kalmaksızın, birinci basamakta yönetilebilir. Alerjik hastalıkların yönetiminde öncelikle iyi bir öykü alınmalı ve fizik muayene yapılmalıdır. Eğer, medikal tedavi ile hastanın semptomları geçmezse veya alerjenin saptanmasının hastanın tedavisine fayda sağlayacağı düşünülürse, alerji testleri yapılması gerekebilir.
Penerapan language experience approach melalui cerita budaya lokal untuk mendukung membaca awal pada anak
Authors: Christianti Martha , Hayati Nur , Fatimaningrum Arumi Savitri
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan Language Experience Approach (LEA) melalui cerita rakyat budaya lokal untuk mendukung membaca awal pada anak usia dini. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen dengan desain ekperimen quasi eksperimen. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi dalam bentuk ceklist dan catatan lapangan. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menerapkan pendekatan LEA dengan beberapa tahap yaitu (1) tahap bercerita; (2) tahap anak menyampaikan pengetahuan melalui pertanyaan; (3) nak menuangka pengalaman melalui gambar, huruf atau bentuk; (4) guru meminta anak untuk menceritakan hasil tulisannya secara lisan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 80 persen anak di TPA Dharma Yoga Santi mengalami kemajuan dalam membaca awal yang ditunjukkan dalam kemampuan anak untuk menciptakan cerita dari pengalamannya mendengarkan cerita dalam bentuk tulisan dan kemampuan anak untuk menceritakan kembali cerita melalui hasil tulisannya dalam bentuk lisan atau tulisan. Anak anak mulai tumbuh rasa percaya diri untuk mengungkapkan ide melalui tulisan karena sering mendapatkan kesempatan dari guru untuk menuangkan idenya baik berupa gambar maupun tulisan. AbstractThis study aims to apply the Language Experience Approach (LEA) through local folklore to enhance early reading in early childhood. The research employed the quasi experimental design. Data were collected by means of observation in the form of a checklist and field notes. The data were then analyzed by using the quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. The results show that this study apply the LEA approach with several stages, namely (1) the storytelling stage; (2) the stage where children conveys knowledge through questions; (3) the stage where children want to imagine experiences through images, letters or shapes; and (4) the stage where teacher asks children to verbally convey their writing results. This study also reveals that 80 percent of children in TPA Dharma Yoga Santi experienced progress in early reading as indicated in the children’s ability to create stories in written from after they listen to certain stories and children’s ability to retell stories in written and oral forms. Children begin to grow the confidence to express ideas through writing because they often get the opportunity from the teacher to express their ideas in the form of pictures and writing.
Pengembangan Kemampuan Menulis pada Anak Usia 4-5 Tahun di TK Primagama
Authors: Aisy Adinda Rohadati , Adzani Hafidzah Nur
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perkembangan tahap kemampuan menulis anak usia empat sampai lima tahun di TK Kreatif Primagama pada kelas A dengan menggunakan metode SAS pembelajaran dengan kartu di area read and mathematic corner. Metode SAS atau Struktur Analitik Sintesis yaitu suatu pendekatan cerita disertai dengan gambar atau simbol yang didalamnya memulai mengajar  menulis dengan menampilkan  cerita yang diambil dari dialog  guru dengan siswa Penelitian ini menggunakan metode observasi dan wawancara terhadap guru kelas. Subjek penelitian ini adalah delapan murid di TK Kreatif Primagama pada kelas A tahun ajaran 2019/2020. Selain delapan murid tersebut, subjek penelitian ini juga dilakukan pada guru kelas A di TK Kreatif Primagama. Data dikumpulkan dari lembar pengamatan, catatan  lapangan, dan wawancara. Indikator keberhasilan dalam penelitian ini adalah bila rata-rata kemampuan menulis anak melalui kartu di area read and mathematic corner telah mencapai kriteria berkembang sesuai harapan (BSH), yaitu 75% hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kemampuan menulis pada anak melalui kartu di area read and mathematic corner.
PENYULUHAN PERAN ILMU FISIKA DALAM BIDANG KESEHATAN PADA SISWA SMAN 1 TALANG KELAPA BANYUASIN
Authors: Atina Atina , Alfarisa Suhufa , Lumban Toruan Parmin
Published: February 2020

Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini dilakukan dalam bentuk penyuluhan kepada 60 orang siswa (peserta penyuluhan) SMAN 1 Talang Kelapa, Banyuasin Sumatera Selatan dengan tujuan untuk memperkenalkan peran ilmu fisika dalam bidang kesehatan sehingga dapat meningkatkan minat peserta terhadap pembelajaran fisika. Materi penyuluhan terdiri atas 3 materi pokok yaitu pengenalan fisika kesehatan/medis secara umum, peran serta radiasi dalam bidang kesehatan dan pengenalan alat-alat medis yang menggunakan prinsip fisika. Diakhir kegiatan, peserta penyuluhan diberikan kuisioner untuk mengetahui tingkat efektivitas kegiatan penyuluhan serta mengetahui daya tarik peserta terhadap fisika medis. Berdasarkan hasil kuisioner, diketahui sebelum kegiatan penyuluhan sebanyak 54% peserta kurang tertarik dengan fisika dan 13% menyatakan tidak menyukai fisika. Namun setelah kegiatan penyuluhan, nilai ini mengalami penurunan. Hanya 13% dari peserta yang menyatakan kurang tertarik dan 3% dari peserta menyatakan tidak tertarik dengan fisika. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan penyuluhan yang diberikan ini dinilai cukup efektif karena dapat meningkatkan minat peserta penyuluhan terhadap pembelajaran fisika. Kata kunci : fisika medis, radiasi, alat kesehatan Abstract This community service program was conducted in the form of counseling to 60 students (counseling participants) of SMAN 1 Talang Kelapa, Banyuasin South Sumatra with the aim to introduce the role of physics in the field of health so this can increase participants' interest in learning physics. The material consists of 3 main subjects, introduction of health physics / medical physics in general, the role of physics and radiation, and the introduction of medical devices that use the principles of physics. At the end of the activity, the participants were given a questionnaire to find out the effectiveness of the program and to know the attractiveness of the participants on medical physics. Based on the results, it was known that before the counseling activity, as much as 54% of the participants were less interested in physics and 13% said that they did not like physics. However, after program, this value has decreased. Only 13% of the participants less interest and 3% of the participants still had no interest in physics. It can be concluded that the program are considered quite effective because it can increase the interest of participants towards the physics learning. Key words :medical physics, radiation, medical devices
Pelatihan Analisis Statistik Untuk Karya Tulis Ilmiah Bagi Guru-Guru SMA Kediri
Authors: Sofro A'yunin , Oktaviarina Affiati , Juniati Dwi , Budayasa I Ketut
Published: February 2020

Menulis suatu karya ilmiah merupakan salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan profesionalisme guru. Akan tetapi, bagi seorang guru menulis adalah pekerjaan yang tidak mudah. Salah satu kendalanya adalah minimnya kemampuan guru untuk menganalisis data pada karya tulis ilmiah tersebut. Keadaan yang serupa terdapat pada perhimpunan guru dibidang matematika di Kediri. Oleh karena itu, solusi yang ditawarkan dalam kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PKM) adalah mengadakan suatu pelatihan terkait analisis data dalam suatu karya tulis ilmiah. Dalam kegiatan pelatihan telah dilakukan sesi pemaparan materi baik secara teori maupun aplikasi pada software. Anggota yang hadir sebanyak 33 orang. Pada akhir kegiatan, telah dibentuk kelompok kecil yang terdiri dari 3 sampai dengan 4 peserta untuk menyelesaikan soal secara komprehensif. Hasil dari pelatihan ini akan dievaluasi baik dari sisi output maupun proses. Untuk kriteria output, yaitu ketuntasan pemahaman seluruh kelompok telah terpenuhi dimana lebih dari 75 persen tuntas. Artinya dari seluruh anggota peserta dalam kelompok, hanya sekira 25 % mendapatkan nilai 75 dari 100  dan sisanya mendapatkan nilai sempurna. Selain itu, ketuntasan pemahaman materi oleh setiap kelompok telah berhasil mencapai target yaitu diatas 75 persen ketuntasan. Hal ini dikarenakan ada 6 kelompok mendapatkan nilai sempurna (100) dan hanya 2 kelompok melakukan kesalahan minor dan hasil evaluasinya adalah 75. Sedangkan segi proses, respon yang diberikan oleh seluruh peserta juga sangat positif. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pelatihan telah berhasil sesuai dengan kriteria sisi output dan proses.
Pelatihan Pengolahan Sampah Plastik Kresek Sebagai Upaya Pemberdayaan Buruh Wanita Pengangkut Pasir di Desa Marong Jamaq kecamatan Selaparang Mataram Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Astuti Sri Puji , Kurnianingsih Rina , Ghazali Mursal , Sunarwidhi Eka , Sunarpi Sunarpi
Published: February 2020

Kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat dengan khalayak buruh wanita pengangkut pasir di Desa Marong Jamaq Kelurahan Karang baru Kecamatan Selaparang, Kota Mataram, telah selesai dilaksanakan. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah menumbuhkan dan mengasah keterampilan membuat produk dekoratif berbahan dasar sampah plastik kresek, memotivasi warga untuk mengembangkan kreativitas dan membuat usaha mandiri berbasis keterampilan mengolah sampah plastik kresek. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan Focus Group Discussion, yang mencakup pelatihan, pembinaan dan evaluasi untuk memantau keberhasilan kegiatan menggunakan metode observasi. Materi yang disampaikan meliputi bahaya sampah plastik kresek bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan, upaya penanganan sampah plastik kresek skala rumah tangga, melatih pembiasaan dalam menciptakan lingkungan bersih, alternatif pemanfaatan sampah plastik kresek, aneka olahan sampah plastik kresek menjadi bahan dekoratif. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari kegiatan ini, sebanyak 100% peserta memahami materi yang disampaikan, sebanyak 85% peserta memahami cara pembuatan bahan dekoratif dari sampah plastik kresek, sebanyak 95% peserta termotivasi untuk menerapkan dan mengembangkan aneka model produk dekoratif, dan sebanyak 90% peserta termotivasi untuk memasarkan produk dekoratif yang dibuat. AbstractCommunity service activities with an audience of women labour for carrying sand in Marong Jamaq Village, Karang baru SubDistrict, Selaparang District, Mataram City, have been done. The aim of this activity were provided skills of make decorative products from rubbish of plastic bag, to motivate Marong Jamaq community to develop creativity and create independent business-based on skills in processing plastic bag. The activity was carried out with a Focus Group Discussion approach, which included training, coaching and evaluation to monitor the success of activities using the observation method. The material presented included the effect of plastic waste for health and environment, the utilization of plastic bag, practicing habituation of clean life, the alternatives of plastic create, the plastic bag create into decorative materials. The conclusions of this activity, as many as 100% of participants understood the material presented, as many as 85% of participants understood how to make decorative materials from plastic bag, as many as 95% of participants were motivated to apply and develop of various decorative product models, and as many as 90% of participants were motivated to sell decorative products hand made.
Pendampingan Anak-anak Usia Sekolah dalam Rangka Implementasi Hypnoteaching untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Matematika di Kuala Langsa
Authors: Amalia Rizki , Zaki Muhammad , Sofiyan Sofiyan
Published: February 2020

Pengabdian masyarakat ini menitikberatkan pada pengajaran baik berupa materil maupun moril untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar anak-anak khususnya di Kuala Langsa. Berdasarkan analisis situasi yang berkembang saat ini, permasalahan utama yang dihadapi yaitu: (1) Kurangnya minat anak-anak usia sekolah di daerah Kuala Langsa untuk bersekolah; (2) Rendahnya motivasi anak-anak usia sekolah di daerah Kuala Langsa untuk belajar matematika; dan (3) Mata pelajaran matematika menjadi momok yang menakutkan dan mata pelajaran yang membosankan karena bersifat abstrak dan tidak ada media atau alat peraga yang real. Pada tahapan persiapan, tim pelaksana melakukan observasi di SD Negeri 9 Langsa dan kantor kepala desa Kuala Langsa. Observasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui masalah apa yang dihadapi anak-anak usia sekolah terutama SD dalam pembelajaran Matematika dan motivasi untuk pergi menuntut ilmu ke sekolah. setelah diketahui permasalahannya maka disusun suatu solusi untuk diterapkan dalam tahap pelaksanaan. Proses pelaksanaan terbagi menjadi : (1) Sosialisasi (memberikan motivasi belajar anak-anak terutama matematika dan menekankan pentingnya bersekolah) dan (2) Praktek Lapangan (penerapan metode Hypnoteaching). Kesimpulan yang diperoleh adalah: (1) Tingkat partisipasi mitra yang tinggi terhadap program pengabdian masyarakat memberikan dampak yang positif terhadap pelaksanaan program; dan (2) Pelaksanaan program pengabdian ini mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan serta minat belajar anak – anak dalam mata pelajaran matematika, khususnya pada materi bangun datar. Dengan demikian akan menunjang nilai- nilai dan motivasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran matematika.
Pengembangan desa wisata edukasi berbasis implementasi kompos buatan di desa Puyung, Jonggat, Lombok Tengah
Authors: Astuti Sri Puji
Published: February 2020

Kegiatan PPM Universitas Mataram dengan sasaran siswa-siswi sekolah di pondok pesantren yayasan GMC, petani dan buruh tani, pengrajin tahu dan tempe, pemuda-pemudi di lingkungan Desa Puyung telah selesai dilaksanakan. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mendorong siswa dan masyarakat untuk terus memproduksi kompos berbahan dasar abu sekam dan terus memanfaatkannya dalam bidang pertanian, membantu masyarakat setempat dalam mengembangkan Desa Puyung sebagai kawasan wisata edukasi, dengan beberapa centra obyek edukasi diantaranya: obyek pembuatan tahu dan tempe  yang memanfaatkan ampas gabah sebagai bahan bakar, obyek pengolahan sampah abu sekam hasil pembakaran ampas gabah dibuat warga menjadi kompos buatan, obyek lahan percobaan sekolah dan lahan pertanian sebagai tempat aplikasi kompos buatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sosialisasi, pelatihan, pendampingan dan pengembangan yang melibatkan siswa dan masyarakat Desa Puyung dengan menerapkan Applied Group Discuss (AGD) berdasarkan potensi pengembangannya obyek wisata edukasi. Kegiatan dilanjutkan dengan praktik teknis tour guide di lokasi lahan percobaan sekolah. Dilakukan evalusi dengan metode observasi dan tanya jawab terhadap ketercapaian kegiatan tersebut. Kesimpulan dari evaluasi kegiatan ini, lebih dari 85% peserta memahami materi yang disampaikan, sebanyak 65% peserta mampu mempraktikan kembali simulasi dan demonstrasi yang diberikan, sebanyak 90% peserta termotivasi untuk mewujudkan desa wisata edukasi di Desa Puyung.
Workshop Pembuatan Media Pembelajaran Listrik Magnet dari Barang Bekas untuk Meningkatkan Kompetensi Mahasiswa Calon Guru Fisika
Authors: Didik Lalu A.
Published: February 2020

Telah dilakukan workshop pembuatan media pembelajaran berupa generator listrik dan motor listrik berbahan dasar barang bekas kepada mahasiswa calon guru fisika. Peserta pelatihan adalah mahasiswa Prodi Tadris Fisika semester V yang merupakan calon guru fisika. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian meliputi sosialisasi, pelaksanaan berupa pemberian materi tentang generator dan motor listrik, pendampingan pembuatan media pembelajaran, presentasi peserta dan evaluasi. Hasil pelatihan berupa media pembelajaran fisika yaitu generator listrik sederhana dan motor listrik. Evaluasi melalui angket menunjukkan bahwa 100% peserta setuju kegiatan pengabdian ini sangat bermanfaat dan 98% pesrta setuju metode kegiatan sudah sesuai. Namun 15 %  peserta kurang setuju mengenaia manajemen waktu karena alokasi waktu yang diberikan untuk proses pembuatan media pembelajaran dirasa masih kurang