bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing Onchocerca volvulus Intensity of Infection and Genetic Diversity Using Mitochondrial Genome Sequencing of Single Microfilariae Obtained before and after Ivermectin Treatment
Authors: Hedtke Shannon M. , Choi Young-Jun , Kode Anusha , Chalasani Gowtam C. , Sirwani Neha , Jada Stephen R. , Hotterbeekx An , Mandro Michel , Siewe Fodjo Joseph N. , Amambo Glory Ngongeh , Abong Raphael A. , Wanji Samuel , Kuesel Annette C. , Colebunders Robert , Mitreva Makedonka , Grant Warwick N.
Published: July 2023

Onchocerciasis is a neglected tropical disease targeted for elimination using ivermectin mass administration. Ivermectin kills the microfilariae and temporarily arrests microfilariae production by the macrofilariae. We genotyped 436 microfilariae from 10 people each in Ituri, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), and Maridi County, South Sudan, collected before and 4–5 months after ivermectin treatment. Population genetic analyses identified 52 and 103 mitochondrial DNA haplotypes among the microfilariae from DRC and South Sudan, respectively, with few haplotypes shared between people. The percentage of genotype-based correct assignment to person within DRC was ~88% and within South Sudan ~64%. Rarefaction and extrapolation analysis showed that the genetic diversity in DRC, and even more so in South Sudan, was captured incompletely. The results indicate that the per-person adult worm burden is likely higher in South Sudan than DRC. Analyses of haplotype data from a subsample (n = 4) did not discriminate genetically between pre- and post-treatment microfilariae, confirming that post-treatment microfilariae are not the result of new infections. With appropriate sampling, mitochondrial haplotype analysis could help monitor changes in the number of macrofilariae in a population as a result of treatment, identify cases of potential treatment failure, and detect new infections as an indicator of continuing transmission.
Advances in the Applications of Bioinformatics and Chemoinformatics
Authors: Raslan Mohamed A. , Raslan Sara A. , Shehata Eslam M. , Mahmoud Amr S. , Sabri Nagwa A.
Published: July 2023

Chemoinformatics involves integrating the principles of physical chemistry with computer-based and information science methodologies, commonly referred to as “in silico techniques”, in order to address a wide range of descriptive and prescriptive chemistry issues, including applications to biology, drug discovery, and related molecular areas. On the other hand, the incorporation of machine learning has been considered of high importance in the field of drug design, enabling the extraction of chemical data from enormous compound databases to develop drugs endowed with significant biological features. The present review discusses the field of cheminformatics and proposes the use of virtual chemical libraries in virtual screening methods to increase the probability of discovering novel hit chemicals. The virtual libraries address the need to increase the quality of the compounds as well as discover promising ones. On the other hand, various applications of bioinformatics in disease classification, diagnosis, and identification of multidrug-resistant organisms were discussed. The use of ensemble models and brute-force feature selection methodology has resulted in high accuracy rates for heart disease and COVID-19 diagnosis, along with the role of special formulations for targeting meningitis and Alzheimer’s disease. Additionally, the correlation between genomic variations and disease states such as obesity and chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia, the investigation of the antibacterial activity of pyrazole and benzimidazole-based compounds against resistant microorganisms, and its applications in chemoinformatics for the prediction of drug properties and toxicity—all the previously mentioned—were presented in the current review.
Bio-Inspired Nanocarriers Derived from Stem Cells and Their Extracellular Vesicles for Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Abudurexiti Munire , Zhao Yue , Wang Xiaoling , Han Lu , Liu Tianqing , Wang Chengwei , Yuan Zhixiang
Published: July 2023

With their seemingly limitless capacity for self-improvement, stem cells have a wide range of potential uses in the medical field. Stem-cell-secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs), as paracrine components of stem cells, are natural nanoscale particles that transport a variety of biological molecules and facilitate cell-to-cell communication which have been also widely used for targeted drug delivery. These nanocarriers exhibit inherent advantages, such as strong cell or tissue targeting and low immunogenicity, which synthetic nanocarriers lack. However, despite the tremendous therapeutic potential of stem cells and EVs, their further clinical application is still limited by low yield and a lack of standardized isolation and purification protocols. In recent years, inspired by the concept of biomimetics, a new approach to biomimetic nanocarriers for drug delivery has been developed through combining nanotechnology and bioengineering. This article reviews the application of biomimetic nanocarriers derived from stem cells and their EVs in targeted drug delivery and discusses their advantages and challenges in order to stimulate future research.
A Moexitecan Magnetic Liposomal Strategy for Ferroptosis-Enhanced Chemotherapy
Authors: Miao Weiling , Liu Yang , Tang Jian , Chen Tiandong , Yang Fang
Published: July 2023

Moexitecan (Mex) is a novel camptothecin derivative that retains the potent antitumor properties of camptothecin drugs and has improved hydrophilicity to enhance biocompatibility in vitro. However, single-drug therapy still has limitations. In this study, magnetic liposomes loaded with both moexitecan and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIO) have been fabricated by a film hydration and filtration method, which is abbreviated as Mex@MLipo. By using liposomes as drug carriers, Mex can be delivered specifically to the target site, resulting in improved therapeutic efficacy and reduced toxicity. Morphology characterization results show that Mex@MLipo has a mean diameter of 180–200 nm with a round morphology. The loading efficiencies of Mex and SPIO are 65.86% and 76.86%, respectively. Cell toxicity, in vitro cell uptake, and in vivo fluorescence imaging experiments showed that Mex@MLipo was the most effective in killing HT-29 cells compared with HepG-2 and PC-3 cells, due to its ability to combine chemotherapy and induce ferroptosis, resulting in a strong anti-tumor effect. Thus, this study developed an innovative nanoscale drug delivery system that paves the way for clinical applications of moexitecan.
The Spicy Science of Dendrimers in the Realm of Cancer Nanomedicine: A Report from the COST Action CA17140 Nano2Clinic
Authors: Pricl Sabrina
Published: July 2023

COST Action CA17140 Cancer Nanomedicine—from the bench to the bedside (Nano2Clinic,) is the first, pan-European interdisciplinary network of representatives from academic institutions and small and medium enterprises including clinical research organizations (CROs) devoted to the development of nanosystems carrying anticancer drugs from their initial design, preclinical testing of efficacy, pharmacokinetics and toxicity to the preparation of detailed protocols needed for the first phase of their clinical studies. By promoting scientific exchanges, technological implementation, and innovative solutions, the action aims at providing a timely instrument to rationalize and focus research efforts at the European level in dealing with the grand challenge of nanomedicine translation in cancer, one of the major and societal-burdening human pathologies. Within CA17140, dendrimers in all their forms (from covalent to self-assembling dendrons) play a vital role as powerful nanotheranostic agents in oncology; therefore, the purpose of this review work is to gather and summarize the major results in the field stemming from collaborative efforts in the framework of the European Nano2Clinic COST Action.
Dual-Ligand Synergistic Targeting Anti-Tumor Nanoplatforms with Cascade-Responsive Drug Release
Authors: Luo Fang , Zhong Ting , Chen Ying , Guo Qianqian , Tao Ling , Shen Xiangchun , Fan Yanhua , Wu Xingjie
Published: July 2023

Dual-ligand targeting drug delivery nanoplatforms are considered a promising tool for enhancing the specificity of chemotherapy. However, serious off-target delivery has been observed in current dual-ligand targeting nanoplatforms, as each ligand can independently recognize receptors on the cell membrane surface and guide drug nanocarriers to different cells. To overcome this barrier, a dual-ligand synergistic targeting (DLST) nanoplatform is developed, which can guide chemotherapy treatment specifically to cancer cells simultaneously overexpressing two receptors. This nanoplatform consists of a singlet oxygen (1O2) photosensitizer-loaded nanocarrier and a drug-loaded nanocarrier with 1O2 responsiveness, which were, respectively, decorated with a pair of complementary DNA sequences and two different ligands. For cancer cells overexpressing both receptors, two nanocarriers can be internalized in larger quantities to cause DNA hybridization-induced nanocarrier aggregation, which further activates 1O2-triggered drug release under light irradiation. For cells overexpressing a single receptor, only one type of nanocarrier can be internalized in a large quantity, leading to blocked drug release due to the ultrashort action radius of 1O2. In vivo evaluation showed this DLST nanoplatform displayed highly specific tumor treatment with minimized long-term toxicity. This is a highly efficient drug delivery system for DLST chemotherapy, holding great potential for clinical applications.
The Light-Trapping Character of Pit Arrays on the Surface of Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Baohua , Chen Le , Ye Song , Luo Wei
Published: July 2023

Surfaces with light-trapping structures are widely used in solar cells to enhance light capturing and to transform efficiency. The study of light-trapping character is important for light-trapping structures in solar cells. In the present study, the light-trapping character for the regular hemisphere pit arrays (RHPAs) in solar cells was intensively investigated in terms of reducing light reflection, suppressing light escape, and increasing the length of the optical path. Results show that the RHPAs can decrease surface reflectivity by ~54% compared with the plane structure, and can reflect ~33% of the light that has not been absorbed back into the absorption layer of the solar cell. The total optical path of the cell with the RHPAs structure remarkably increased from 2ω to 4ω. To verify the theoretical research conclusions, we produced the glass structure samples with different aspect ratios by using micro/nanometer-processing technology. The reflection ratios for silicon wafers covered by plane and RHPAs glass samples were tested. The test results were compared with the theoretical calculation results, which showed consistency.
Nonparaxial Focusing of Partially Coherent Gaussian Schell-Model and Bessel-Correlated Beams in Free Space
Authors: Petrov Nikolai I.
Published: July 2023

The nonparaxial focusing of partially coherent beams in free space has been studied using the coherent-state and coherent-mode decomposition methods. Analytical expressions for the width and angular divergence of partially coherent Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) beams have been obtained using the coherent-state method. It has been shown that the focusing plane is shifted in the opposite axial direction compared to the geometric focusing plane. The influence of the nonparaxiality and spatial coherence of Bessel-correlated vortex beams on the intensity distribution and displacement of the focus plane has been analyzed. It has been shown that the shift of the focus plane increases with a decrease in the coherence radius of the source. A smaller diffraction spread has been shown for partially coherent Bessel-correlated beams compared to GSM beams.
Error Characterization of Differential Detection and Non-Differential Detection for MIMO UWOC Systems in Seawater Turbulent Channels
Authors: Wang Tong , Yu Xiaonan , Zhao Baiqiu , Pang Diyue
Published: July 2023

Ocean turbulence is an important factor affecting the development of underwater wireless optical communication (UWOC). To improve the error characteristics of the underwater optical communication system, we propose a differential detection-based multi-receiver-multi-transmitter (MIMO) underwater laser communication transmission method. Additionally, we derive the expressions for calculating the average BER of the MIMO underwater wireless optical communication system with differential detection and non-differential detection in the case that the two transmitted beams are completely uncorrelated. The error characteristics of the MIMO system are simulated and analyzed from the perspective of ocean turbulence intensity and link distance. The simulation results show that the differential detection method has a lower average BER compared to the non-differential detection method in the case of moderate-to-strong ocean turbulence. In addition, the differential detection methods do not have the error floor effect, and non-differential detection methods have the error floor effect. The more the turbulence intensity affects the average BER of the MIMO UWOC system with the increase of the communication link distance, the more obvious is the effect of the turbulence intensity on the average BER of the MIMO UWOC system. Accordingly, the simulation analysis shows that the differential detection method is more suitable for the construction of communication links under long-distance and medium-strong turbulence.
Antifungal Activity of Glucosinolate-Derived Nitriles and Their Synergistic Activity with Glucosinolate-Derived Isothiocyanates Distinguishes Various Taxa of Brassicaceae Endophytes and Soil Fungi
Authors: Szűcs Zsolt , Plaszkó Tamás , Bódor Eszter , Csoma Hajnalka , Ács-Szabó Lajos , Kiss-Szikszai Attila , Vasas Gábor , Gonda Sándor
Published: July 2023

The glucosinolates of Brassicaceae plants are converted into bioactive isothiocyanates and other volatiles during a challenge by pathogens and other biotic stressors. However, the role of alternative downstream products with weaker potency (e.g., nitriles) is far from being fully understood. This study tested the possible synergistic antifungal interaction between various glucosinolate-derived nitriles and 2-phenylethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC) on 45 fungal strains, including endophytes from horseradish roots (Brassicaceae) and soil fungi, using an airtight system enabling the accurate study of extremely volatile antifungal agents. The median minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 1.28, 6.10, 27.00 and 49.72 mM for 1H-indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), 3-phenylpropanenitrile (PPN), 4-(methylsulfanyl)-butanenitrile (MSBN) and 3-butenenitrile (BN, = allyl cyanide), respectively. Thus, nitriles were considerably weaker antifungal agents compared to PEITC with a median MIC of 0.04 mM. For the same nitriles, the median fractional inhibitory concentration indices (FICIs) of the combinations were 0.562, 0.531, 0.562 and 0.625, respectively. Altogether, 47.7%, 56.8%, 50.0% and 27.3% of tested fungal strains showed a synergistic antifungal activity (FICI ≤ 0.5) for the nitrile–isothiocyanate combinations, respectively. Hypocreales strains showed the least sensitivity towards the GSL decomposition products and their combinations. The mean MIC values for PEITC showed 0.0679 ± 0.0358, 0.0400 ± 0.0214, 0.0319 ± 0.0087 and 0.0178 ± 0.0171 mM for Hypocreales, Eurotiales, Glomerellales and Pleosporales, respectively. In addition, nitriles, especially IAN, also showed significant differences. For the same fungi, the median FICI values fell in the ranges of 0.61–0.67, 0.52–0.61, 0.40–0.50 and 0.48–0.67, respectively, depending on the nitrile. Our results suggest that glucosinolate-derived nitriles may enhance isothiocyanate antifungal activity and that they may play an active role in shaping the plant microbiome and contribute to the filtering of microbes by plants.
Post-Intensification Poaceae Cropping: Declining Soil, Unfilled Grain Potential, Time to Act
Authors: Squire Geoffrey R. , Young Mark W. , Banks Gillian
Published: July 2023

The status and sustainability of Poaceae crops, wheat and barley, were examined in an Atlantic zone climate. Intensification had caused yield to rise 3-fold over the last 50 years but had also degraded soil and biodiversity. Soil carbon and nitrogen were compared with current growth and yield of crops. The yield gap was estimated and options considered for raising yield. Organic carbon stores in the soil (C-soil) ranged from <2% in intensified systems growing long-season wheat to >4% in low-input, short-season barley and grass. Carbon acquisition by crops (C-crop) was driven mainly by length of season and nitrogen input. The highest C-crop was 8320 kg ha−1 C in long-season wheat supported by >250 kg ha−1 mineral N fertiliser and the lowest 1420 kg ha−1 in short-season barley fertilised by livestock grazing. Sites were quantified in terms of the ratio C-crop to C-soil, the latter estimated as the mass of carbon in the upper 0.25 m of soil. C-crop/C-soil was <1% for barley in low-input systems, indicating the potential of the region for long-term carbon sequestration. In contrast, C-crop/C-soil was >10% in high-input wheat, indicating vulnerability of the soil to continued severe annual disturbance. The yield gap between the current average and the highest attainable yield was quantified in terms of the proportion of grain sink that was unfilled. Intensification had raised yield through a 3- to 4-fold increase in grain number per unit field area, but the potential grain sink was still much higher than the current average yield. Filling the yield gap may be possible but could only be achieved with a major rise in applied nitrogen. Sustainability in Poaceae cropping now faces conflicting demands: (a) conserving and regenerating soil carbon stores in high-input systems, (b) reducing GHG emissions and other pollution from N fertiliser, (c) maintaining the yield or closing the yield gap, and (d) readjusting production among food, feed, and alcohol markets. Current cropping systems are unlikely to satisfy these demands. Transitions are needed to alternative systems based on agroecological management and biological nitrogen fixation.
From Aloe vera Leaf Waste to the Extracts with Biological Potential: Optimization of the Extractions, Physicochemical Characterization, and Biological Activities
Authors: Elferjane Muna Rajab , Jovanović Aleksandra A. , Milutinović Violeta , Čutović Natalija , Jovanović Krivokuća Milica , Marinković Aleksandar
Published: July 2023

In the study, the optimization of the extraction from Aloe vera leaf waste was performed via varying solid-to-solvent ratio, solvent type, extraction time, and technique (maceration, heat-, ultrasound-, and microwave-assisted extractions—HAE, UAE, and MAE, respectively). The optimal extraction conditions for achieving the highest polyphenol content are a 1:30 ratio, 70% ethanol, and 30 min of HAE. Total flavonoid and protein contents were significantly higher in the extract from MAE, while total condensed tannin content was the highest in HAE. LC-MS analysis quantified 13 anthraquinone and chromone compounds. The variations in the FT-IR spectra of the extracts obtained by different extraction procedures are minor. The influence of extraction conditions on the antioxidant ability of the extracts depended on applied antioxidant assays. The extracts possessed medium inhibition properties against Staphylococcus aureus and weak inhibitory activity against Enterococcus feacalis. The extracts had stimulative effect on HaCaT cell viability. Regarding the extraction yield, there was a significant difference between the used extraction techniques (MAE > HAE > maceration and UAE). The presented study is an initial step in the production of polyphenol-rich extracts from A. vera leaf waste aimed to be used for the potential preparation of pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations for the skin.
The Role of Light Quality in Regulating Early Seedling Development
Authors: Wei Yunmin , Wang Shuwei , Yu Dashi
Published: July 2023

It is well−established that plants are sessile and photoautotrophic organisms that rely on light throughout their entire life cycle. Light quality (spectral composition) is especially important as it provides energy for photosynthesis and influences signaling pathways that regulate plant development in the complex process of photomorphogenesis. During previous years, significant progress has been made in light quality’s physiological and biochemical effects on crops. However, understanding how light quality modulates plant growth and development remains a complex challenge. In this review, we provide an overview of the role of light quality in regulating the early development of plants, encompassing processes such as seed germination, seedling de−etiolation, and seedling establishment. These insights can be harnessed to improve production planning and crop quality by producing high−quality seedlings in plant factories and improving the theoretical framework for modern agriculture.
Unveiling Plant-Based Pectins: Exploring the Interplay of Direct Effects, Fermentation, and Technological Applications in Clinical Research with a Focus on the Chemical Structure
Authors: Pedrosa Lucas de Freitas , Nascimento Karen Rebouças , Soares Caroline Giacomelli , Oliveira Débora Preceliano de , de Vos Paul , Fabi João Paulo
Published: July 2023

Pectin, a plant-derived polysaccharide, possesses immense technological and biological application value. Several variables influence pectin’s physicochemical aspects, resulting in different fermentations, interactions with receptors, and other functional properties. Some of those variables are molecular weight, degree of methylation and blockiness, and monosaccharide composition. Cancer cell cytotoxicity, important fermentation-related byproducts, immunomodulation, and technological application were found in cell culture, animal models, and preclinical and clinical assessments. One of the greater extents of recent pectin technological usage involves nanoencapsulation methods for many different compounds, ranging from chemotherapy and immunotherapy to natural extracts from fruits and other sources. Structural modification (modified pectin) is also utilized to enhance the use of dietary fiber. Although pectin is already recognized as a component of significant importance, there is still a need for a comprehensive review that delves into its intricate relationships with biological effects, which depend on the source and structure of pectin. This review covers all levels of clinical research, including cell culture, animal studies, and clinical trials, to understand how the plant source and pectin structures influence the biological effects in humans and some technological applications of pectin regarding human health.
TM3 and STM3 Promote Flowering Together with FUL2 and MBP20, but Act Antagonistically in Inflorescence Branching in Tomato
Authors: Zahn Iris E. , Roelofsen Chris , Angenent Gerco C. , Bemer Marian
Published: July 2023

The moment at which a plant transitions to reproductive development is paramount to its life cycle and is strictly controlled by many genes. The transcription factor SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS 1 (SOC1) plays a central role in this process in Arabidopsis. However, the role of SOC1 in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) has been sparsely studied. Here, we investigated the function of four tomato SOC1 homologs in the floral transition and inflorescence development. We thoroughly characterized the SOC1-like clade throughout the Solanaceae and selected four tomato homologs that are dynamically expressed upon the floral transition. We show that of these homologs, TOMATO MADS 3 (TM3) and SISTER OF TM3 (STM3) promote the primary and sympodial transition to flowering, while MADS-BOX PROTEIN 23 (MBP23) and MBP18 hardly contribute to flowering initiation in the indeterminate cultivar Moneyberg. Protein–protein interaction assays and whole-transcriptome analysis during reproductive meristem development revealed that TM3 and STM3 interact and share many targets with FRUITFULL (FUL) homologs, including cytokinin regulators. Furthermore, we observed that mutating TM3/STM3 affects inflorescence development, but counteracts the inflorescence-branching phenotype of ful2 mbp20. Collectively, this indicates that TM3/STM3 promote the floral transition together with FUL2/MBP20, while these transcription factors have opposite functions in inflorescence development.
A Systematic Study on Impact of Binder Formulation on Green Body Strength of Vat-Photopolymerisation 3D Printed Silica Ceramics Used in Investment Casting
Authors: Basar Ozkan , Veliyath Varghese Paul , Tarak Fatih , Sabet Ehsan
Published: July 2023

Additive ceramics manufacturing with vat-photopolymerisation (VP) is a developing field, and the need for suitable printing materials hinders its fast growth. Binder mixtures significantly influence the mechanical properties of printed ceramic bodies by VP, considering their rheological properties, curing performances and green body characteristics. Improving mechanical characteristics and reducing cracks during printing and post-processes is mainly related to binder formulations. The study aims to develop a binder formulation to provide the printed ceramic specimens with additional green strength. The impact on mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength, flexural strength, Young’s and strain at breakpoint), viscosity and cure performance of Urethane Acrylate (UA) and thermoplastic Polyether Acrylate (PEA) oligomers to monofunctional N-Vinylpyrrolidone (NVP), 1,6-Hexanediol Diacrylate (HDDA) and Tri-functional Photocentric 34 (PC34) monomers were investigated under varying concentrations. The best mechanical characteristic was showcased when the PC34 was replaced with 20–30 wt.% of UA in the organic medium. The Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and sintering test outcomes revealed that increasing the content of NVP in the organic medium (above 15 wt.%) leads to uncontrolled thermal degradation during debinding and defects on ceramic parts after sintering. The negative effect of UA on the viscosity of ceramic-loaded mixtures was controlled by eliminating the PC34 compound with NVP and HDDA, and optimum mechanical properties were achieved at 15 wt.% of NVP and 65 wt.% of HDDA. PEA is added to provide additional flexibility to the ceramic parts. It was found that strain and other mechanical parameters peaked at 15 wt.% of PEA. The study formulated the most suitable binder formulation on the green body strength of printing silica ceramics as 50 wt.% HDDA, 20 wt.% Urethane Acrylate, 15 wt.% NVP and 15 wt.% PEA.
An Integrated Multi-Functional Thermal Conductive and Flame Retardant Epoxy Composite with Functionalized Carbon Nitride Nanosheets
Authors: Yang Yuxin , Wang Ruiping , Leng Yang , Wang Jingchun , Xu Miaojun
Published: July 2023

In miniaturized and integrated electronic devices, thermal potential and fire hazards caused by heat diffusion require an efficient thermal management system with versatile electronic packaging equipment. The flame retardancy was endowed on the surface of carbon nitride after thermal etching (CNNS) containing piperazine pyrophosphate (PPAP) by hydrogen bonding, and the obtained nanosheet was defined as PPAP-CNNS. During solution blending and program-controlled curing, PPAP-CNNS was used as a multifunctional filler to fabricate highly thermoconductive and fire retardant epoxy resin (EP) composites. In line with expectations, the resultant EP composites containing 7 wt% PPAP-CNNS had an exceptional thermal conductivity (TC) of 1.1 W·m−1K−1, which was 4.8 times higher than pure EP. Simultaneously, there was a sharp drop in the heat release rate (HRR), total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and total smoke production (TSP) compared to pure EP. These reductions were, respectively, 63.7%, 54.2%, 17.9%, and 57.2%. The addition of PPAP-CNNS increased the specific surface area, which increased the heat conduction routes, and also the shape of the compact and solid char layer during burning, protecting the underlying polymer. These improvements to dispersion and surface functionalization were made possible by the compound. These results indicate that the preparation of integrated multi-functional resin described in this study has a wide application.
Advanced Plastic Waste Recycling—The Effect of Clay on the Morphological and Thermal Behavior of Recycled PET/PLA Sustainable Blends
Authors: Belioka Maria-Paraskevi , Markozanne Georgia , Chrissopoulou Kiriaki , Achilias Dimitrios S.
Published: July 2023

Bio-based polymers such as poly(lactic acid), PLA, are facing increased use in everyday plastic packaging, imposing challenges in the recycling process of its counterpart polyester poly(ethylene terephthalate), PET. This work presents the exploration of the properties of PET/PLA blends with raw materials obtained from recycled plastics. Several blends were prepared, containing 50 to 90% PET. Moreover, multiscale nanocomposite blends were formed via melt mixing using different amounts and types of nanoclay in order to study their effect on the morphology, surface properties, and thermal stability of the blends. The materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The nanoclay was found to exhibit a uniform dispersion in the polymer matrix, presenting mainly intercalated structures with some exfoliated at low loading and some agglomerates at high loading (i.e., 10%). The addition of nanoclay to PET/PLA matrices increased the roughness of the blends and improved their thermal stability. Thermal degradation of the blends occurs in two steps following those of the individual polymers. Contamination of rPET with rPLA results in materials having poor thermal stability relative to rPET, presenting the onset of thermal degradation at nearly 100 °C lower. Therefore, important information was obtained concerning the recyclability of mixed PET and PLA waste. The perspective is to study the properties and find potential applications of sustainable blends of recycled PET and PLA by also examining the effect of different clays in different loadings. Therefore, useful products could be produced from blends of waste polyester.
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers Specific towards 4-Borono-L-phenylalanine—Synthesis Optimization, Theoretical Analysis, Morphology Investigation, Cytotoxicity, and Release Studies
Authors: Balcer Emilia , Sobiech Monika , Giebułtowicz Joanna , Sochacka Małgorzata , Luliński Piotr
Published: July 2023

The aim of this study was to create molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) that are specific towards 4-borono-L-phenylalanine (BPA) to serve as boron compound carriers. The honeycomb-like MIPs were characterized in the matter of adsorption properties, morphology, structure, and cytotoxicity towards A549 and V79-4 cell lines. The honeycomb-like MIP composed from methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate was characterized by a binding capacity of 330.4 ± 4.6 ng g−1 and an imprinting factor of 2.04, and its ordered, porous morphology was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy. The theoretical analysis revealed that the coexistence of different anionic forms of the analyte in basic solution might lower the binding capacity of the MIP towards BPA. The release profiles from the model phosphate buffer saline showed that only 0 to 4.81% of BPA was released from the MIP within the time frame of two hours, furthermore, the obtained material was considered non-cytotoxic towards tested cell lines. The results prove that MIPs can be considered as effective BPA delivery systems for biomedical applications and should be investigated in further studies.
Chitosan-Based Composites: Development and Perspective in Food Preservation and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Kumar Akash , Yadav Sangeeta , Pramanik Jhilam , Sivamaruthi Bhagavathi Sundaram , Jayeoye Titilope John , Prajapati Bhupendra G. , Chaiyasut Chaiyavat
Published: July 2023

Chitin, which may be the second-most common polymer after cellulose, is the raw material of chitosan. Chitosan has been infused with various plant extracts and subsidiary polymers to improve its biological and physiological properties. Chitosan’s physicochemical properties are enhanced by blending, making them potential candidates that can be utilized in multifunctional areas, including food processing, nutraceuticals, food quality monitoring, food packaging, and storage. Chitosan-based biomaterials are biocompatible, biodegradable, low toxic, mucoadhesive, and regulate chemical release. Therefore, they are used in the biomedical field. The present manuscript highlights the application of chitosan-based composites in the food and biomedical industries.
The Impacts of Plastic Waste from Personal Protective Equipment Used during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Cubas Anelise Leal Vieira , Moecke Elisa Helena Siegel , Provin Ana Paula , Dutra Ana Regina Aguiar , Machado Marina Medeiros , Gouveia Isabel C.
Published: July 2023

The period from 2019 to 2022 has been defined by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in an unprecedented demand for and use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, the disposal of PPE without considering its environmental impact and proper waste management practices has become a growing concern. The increased demand for PPE during the pandemic and associated waste management practices have been analyzed. Additionally, the discussion around treating these residues and exploring more environmentally friendly alternatives, such as biodegradable or reusable PPE, is crucial. The extensive use of predominantly non-degradable plastics in PPE has led to their accumulation in landfills, with potential consequences for marine environments through the formation of microplastics. Therefore, this article seeks to establish a connection between these issues and the Sustainable Development Goals, emphasizing the importance of efficient management aligned with sustainable development objectives to address these emerging challenges and ensure a more sustainable future.
Effect of Amylopectin Content on Mechanical, Barrier and Thermal Properties of Plasticized Starch/Chitosan Films
Authors: Horn Marilia M. , Martins Virginia C. A. , Plepis Ana M. G.
Published: July 2023

Mechanical, barrier, and thermal properties of films based on blends of corn starch and chitosan plasticized with ethylene glycol, glycerol, and sorbitol were investigated. Starch amylopectin variation was explored, and contents of 100% and 73% were employed to blend with chitosan and polyols. The findings showed that high amylopectin content has a significant effect (p < 0.05), resulting in films with lower tensile strength (TS) and reduced water vapor permeability (WVP). On the other hand, the incorporation of polyols showed a significantly high (p < 0.05) elongation at break (EB) for films plasticized with glycerol and sorbitol at high amylopectin content. For chitosan/73% amylopectin film, the addition of plasticizers exhibited no significant difference (p < 0.05) among the samples for TS and WVP results. The amylopectin content played no influence in the degradation stability of the films measured by thermogravimetry (TGA). However, amylopectin content influences the endothermic peak temperature observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. A reduction of about 15 °C was noticed for the film prepared with high amylopectin content, a behavior correlated to its amorphous structure, capable of retaining more water than a crystalline region.
Characterization of Wave Power Resources off the Coast of Guangdong
Authors: Liu Tongmu , Yu Jianxing , Yu Yang , Zhang Xinwen , Zhou Baocheng , Yin Liqiang
Published: July 2023

A wave energy resource characterization for China’s Guangdong Coast is carried out utilizing 1-year (2020) wave data from four buoy sites. The wave heights, wave periods, wave directions, and effective wave height occurrence were analyzed using statistical methods. The wave energy spectrum methodology is used to calculate the wave power density. The wave energy level frequency and effective storage of wave energy are presented. The seasons and month variation indices are used to assess the wave power stability. The contribution of sea conditions to wave power is examined. The results indicate that the waters off Guangdong are rich in wave-related energy resources. The average wave energy density is (8.55–13.1) kW/m, and the maximum wave energy density is (94.6–624.2) kW/m. The effective reserves in winter are the largest at 1.0 × 106 kW·h/m. The biggest share of wave energy is found in the sea state, with significant wave heights of 0.5–1.0 m and significant wave periods of 5–6 s. Typhoons contribute very little to yearly wave energy, yet they are significant when evaluating the dependability and durability of ocean wave energy converters.
Prediction of Leakage Pressure in Fractured Carbonate Reservoirs Based on PSO-LSTM Neural Network
Authors: Xu Xuemei , Zhai Xiaopeng , Ke Aoxiang , Lin Yang , Zhang Xueling , Xie Zelong , Lou Yishan
Published: July 2023

Shunbei Oilfield is a fractured carbonate reservoir with complex geological structures that are influenced by fault movements and prone to collapse and leak incidents. Precisely predicting leakage pressure is crucial for conducting fracturing operations in the later stages of production. However, current fracture-related leakage pressure prediction models mostly rely on statistical and mechanical methods, which require the consideration of factors such as fracture aperture and parameter selection, thereby leading to limitations in prediction efficiency and accuracy. To enhance the accuracy of reservoir leakage pressure prediction, this study leverages the advantages of artificial intelligence methods in dealing with complex nonlinear problems and proposes an optimized Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural network prediction approach using the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm. Firstly, the Spearman correlation coefficient is used to evaluate the correlation between nine parameter features and leakage pressure. Subsequently, an LSTM network framework is constructed, and the PSO algorithm is applied to optimize its hyper-parameters, establishing an optimal model for leakage pressure prediction. Finally, the model’s performance is evaluated using the Coefficient of Determination (R2), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The evaluation results demonstrate that the PSO-optimized LSTM model achieved an R2 of 0.828, RMSE of 0.049, and MAPE of 3.2, all of which outperformed the original model. The optimized LSTM model showed an average accuracy approximately 12.8% higher than that of the single LSTM model, indicating its higher prediction accuracy. The verification results from multiple development wells in this block further confirmed that the deep learning model established in this study surpassed traditional methods in prediction accuracy. Consequently, this approach is beneficial for drilling engineers and decision-makers to plan drilling operations more effectively and achieve accurate risk avoidance during the drilling process.
Improvement of Quadratic Exponential Quality Gain–Loss Function and Optimization of Engineering Specifications
Authors: Wang Bo , Li Qikai , Yang Qi , Lu Jilan , Nie Xiangtian
Published: July 2023

In the past, the optimization of engineering specifications primarily included the influence of quality loss terms on product quality; however, in actual production practice, compensation quantity inevitably affects the optimization quality of engineering specifications. In this paper, the quadratic exponential quality loss and gain function was first supplemented, and the quadratic exponential quality loss and gain function was constructed under the larger-the-better characteristic and the smaller-the-better characteristic; in order to accurately represent the change in compensation amount in the process of quality control, the optimization method of engineering specification under the calculation of quality loss and compensation was given in combination with the hyperbolic tangent function. Finally, with the support of the dam construction quality acceptance assessment, the engineering specification optimization model was tested. The optimal coefficient was obtained as 0.162, and the specification range was reduced from 0.744 to 0.648, achieving the optimization goal.
The Metaphysical Magnificence of Reduction: The Pure Ego and Its Substrate According to Phenomenology and Vedanta
Authors: Louchakova-Schwartz Olga
Published: July 2023

This article examines relationships between the absolute being of the universal ego (Ātman-self) according to the Indian religious philosophy of Vedanta (V) and the phenomenological, irreal being of the transcendental ego in Husserl’s phenomenology (P). Both Ātman and the transcendental ego are accessed in the first-person perspective by onto-phenomenological reductions. Such reductions, as stated by Husserl, have absolute freedom of positing and, thus, can reveal or conceal states of being. In contrast with P-reduction, which renders the being of the ego-pole invisible, V-reduction penetrates into the being of the ego-pole and opens a horizon of unique, non-intentional mental states. Following the dialectics in pre- and post-reduction givenness of being, there emerges a picture of connection between the intentional phenomenological being of the transcendental ego and the non-intentional being of the pure ego of Vedanta (Ātman-self). The pure ego of Vedanta manifests as a substrate for the transcendental ego of phenomenology. From this, we can conclude that reductions function as the loci of dialectical syntheses of being, whereby the unity of being has a fuller, more complex and multi-sided sense than the one intended in the natural attitude. In their breaking of theoretical habits conditioned by the substance metaphysical tradition, reductions are truly indispensable in the revelation of being that grounds the theory of knowledge.
Anatomical Analysis of Holbein’s Dead Christ in the Tomb and Corresponding Theological Commentary
Authors: Miščin Daniel , Grgurević Lovorka
Published: July 2023

Approaching Hans Holbein’s painting The Body of the Dead Christ in the Tomb (1521/22) this paper combines the expertise of anatomical analysis and the perspective of theology and philosophy in order to address some of the well-rooted assumptions about Holbein in the historical reception of his Dead Christ. The authors propose a balanced conclusion about the hypothesis of a drowned man from the Rhine being a model for the painting, pointing out that the body of the man from Holbein’s painting, according to anatomical details, could not have previously been in water. Furthermore, the absence of an Adam’s apple on Christ’s body is interpreted in the light of New Testament texts, rather than as a result of Holbein’s lack of anatomical precision. Similarly, the fact that Holbein painted a corpse deprived of all signs of divinity is seen in connection with the theological notion of kenosis. Ultimately, the authors conclude that the results of the anatomical analysis reflect the key elements of the hermeneutics of Gospel reports of Christ’s passion and death.
Good Queen, Bad Queen: Gender, Devotion, and Mythmaking in Women’s Histories
Authors: Johansen Hurwitt Sundari
Published: July 2023

How do we remember and write about powerful women and the impacts they have had on history? Who tells their stories, and to whose advantage are those narratives constructed? And what happens if we look carefully and acknowledge that when they enter historical narratives, many of these “women” are not adults, but actually relatively young girls? Rani Rasmani Dasi (1793–1861) and Bar-rajā Phuleshwari Kunwari (also known as Phulmati and Pramateshwari) (d. 1731) are each remembered as powerful women influencers of popular religion in South Asia, though in very different ways. These two “queens” were each remarkable women who variously defied, upended, and upheld common assumptions and narratives about caste, gender, power, and religion in Hindu society in early modern India. This study critically investigates the work of Rasmani and Phuleshwari’s many chroniclers, biographers, and hagiographers, questioning received narratives and attempting to construct a glimpse of them as living girls and women. What do we actually know about them, about their activities and motivations? And what can we know, when so much of the evidence is unreliable? Thrust into unfamiliar social, political, and religious environments as young girls, they grew into deeply religious women who used their considerable influence and resources to promote their own visions of divine power. They also became full participants in and beneficiaries of problematic power structures of domination and exploitation. But with closer investigation, it appears that much of what we think we know about these women is incomplete or, in the case of Phuleshwari, completely unreliable.
Mirra Alfassa: Completing Sri Aurobindo’s Vision
Authors: Beldio Patrick
Published: July 2023

Mirra Alfassa’s influence, power, and authority are essential to the integral yoga according to Aurobindo Ghose, yet most scholars have so far refused to examine their contours. Aurobindo saw her as the incarnation of the divine mother or Mahāśakti and said her spiritual growth “followed the same course” as his, which radically universalized Rāmakṛṣṇa’s teaching of vijñāna, which he called “supermind” and she “the domain of love”. Aurobindo left key parts of his supramental vision incomplete in his writings; however, Mirra claimed to complete it with new revelations that I call the “Descendant Manonāśa Period” of their practice. Manonāśa or “mental annihilation” is central to what scholars call “Yoga Advaita”. Mirra’s revelations include: 1. a posthuman vision of a sexless supramental humanity that is evolving now and in the future; 2. this evolution is coming with a cost: the mind and vital natures are being destroyed as we are going through an anatomical metamorphosis surpassing the one that yielded homo sapiens 300,000 years ago; 3. this shambolic process centrally involves what Mirra called “the psychic being” or evolving soul, somehow stimulating its materialization into what she called “the glorified body” in her early life in France. Though Aurobindo did not make a direct connection between the psychic being and what he called “the divine body”, he thought from the beginning of their partnership in the 1920s that her body could endure supramentalization better than his, no matter how it unfolded.
Correction: Lei et al. Three-Dimensional Surface Deformation Characteristics Based on Time Series InSAR and GPS Technologies in Beijing, China. Remote Sens. 2021, 13, 3964
Authors: Lei Kunchao , Ma Fengshan , Chen Beibei , Luo Yong , Cui Wenjun , Zhou Yi , Liu He , Sha Te
Published: July 2023

In the published article [...]