bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microbial Load on Paper/Polymer Currency and Coins
Authors: Prasai Tista , Yami Kayo Devi , Joshi Dev Raj
Published: June 2010

Currency notes and coins serve as an agency of transmission of microorganisms since they are passed freely from hand to hand as a medium of exchange. A research, with an objective to explore the microbial load on Nepalese paper/ polymer currency notes and coins, was carried out at the Environment Laboratory of Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar from November 2006 to May 2007. All together 63 samples of paper/polymer notes and coins from different professionals of different places at Kathmandu were collected and analyzed for the presence of microorganisms. Among the total tested paper/ polymer and coin samples, 98.4% were found to have heterotrophic aerobic bacteria, 87.3% were contaminated with coliform bacteria and 79.4% showed presence of Staphylococci. Contamination level was found in increasing order of coins> polymer notes>paper notes. The presence of high microbial load on currency notes and coins indicate the potentials of such currencies for possible disease spread in the human communities. Key words: currency notes; coins; heterotrophic bacteria; Coliform bacteria; Staphylococci DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3173 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 105-109
Etiology of Diarrhoea with Reference to Multiple Drug Resistant Enteric Bacterial Pathogens
Authors: Shrestha Sirjana Devi , Malla Sarala , Basnyat Shital Raj
Published: June 2010

A total of 340 stool samples were processed and studied from both sexes including all ages of patients. Association of enteropathogens between male and female was not statistically significant. Incidence of diarrhoea (28.23%) as well as prevalence of enteropathogens (34.31%) was found highest in the age group (20-30) years. The highest prevalence of enteropathogens (44.87%) was found in August. Of the total isolated enteropathogens, Vibrio cholerae O1 was observed in 51.96% followed by Shigella (18.6%) and Salmonella (8.82%) and parasites were also detected from 20.58% samples. All isolated V. cholerae O1 were El Tor, Inaba. Among Shigella, majority of isolates were S. flexneri. Among Salmonella, S. typhi, S. typhimurium and Salmonella spp. (polyvalent A-S positive) were identified. Entamoeba histolytica, Girdia lamblia, Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura were isolated among parasites. All isolated (100%) V. cholerae O1 were resistant to nalidixic acid and cotrimoxazole, whereas 68%; 63%; 53%; 37% and 11% Shigella were resistant to nalidixic acid, ampicillin, cotrimoxazol, mecillinam and ciprofloxacin respectively. Similarly, 55.5%; 44.4% and 11.1% Salmonella were resistant to nalidixic acid; ampicillin and cotrimoxazole respectively. All V. cholerae strains, 10 strains of Shigella and 2 strains of Salmonella were found multi drug resistant (MDR). The clinical history of the positive cases revealed that abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, dehydration and nausea were the symptoms of enteric infection. Key words: antibiotics; isolates; enteropathogen; Inaba DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3176 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 131-138
Nasal Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus among Healthy School Children in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Joshi Dev Raj , Shrestha Suraj Narayan , Bomjan Rajdeep , Poudel Kamal
Published: June 2010

Staphylococcus aureus remains one of the most frequently isolated pathogens in both community and hospital practices. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) continues to be a major cause of serious infections in the community worldwide. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of S. aureus and MRSA in school children in Kathmandu valley and, also to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates. Identification of the S. aureus was confirmed by standard microbiological methods and the antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institution (CLSI). Of the 324 school children who participated in the study, 38 (11.8%) had S. aureus isolated from nasal swabs. The potential risk factors for the S. aureus carriage showed the antibiotic usage within past 4 weeks to be associated with the rate of the nasal carriage (p value 0.000). Out of 38, two (5.2%) isolates were MRSA. One of the MRSA strains was also resistant to Cloxacillin. Erythromycin and Cloxacillin resistance was present in 3 (7.9%) isolates. Resistance to two or more antibiotics was noted in 2 (5.3%) isolates. However, no strains were resistant to Vancomycin. The results of this study indicated that the carriage of MRSA exists among young healthy school children who lack traditional risk factors for MRSA. Key words: community acquired MRSA; Staphylococcus aureus; nasal carriage; school children DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3177 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 139-142
Passivation Behavior of Steel Rod and Wires of Nepal in Acidic and Alkaline Solutions
Authors: Bhattarai Jagadeesh
Published: June 2010

The passivation behavior of steel rods and wires those are produced in Nepal was studied in 1 M HCl and 1 M NaOH solutions at 25°C, open to air using immersion tests and electrochemical measurements. The corrosion resistance of all the examined steel rods and wires in this work is found significantly higher in alkaline 1 M NaOH than in acidic 1 M HCl, mostly due to an ennoblement of the open circuit corrosion potentials of the steels at passive potential regions in 1 M NaOH solution at 25°C. The corrosion rate of all the examined steel rods and wires is about in the range of 1-5 x 101 mm/y in acidic 1 M HCl solution which is nearly three orders of magnitude lower corrosion resistance than in alkaline 1 M NaOH solution at 25°C. Therefore, these steel rods and wires seem to be very corrosion resistance materials in very alkaline environments like a reinforcing concrete. Key words: steels; corrosion rate; open circuit potential; immersion test; electrochemical measurements. DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3181 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 91-97
Rice, the Allergen
Authors: Suvarna Beena S.
Published: June 2010

Rice is the main and most important food taken every day in Eastern Asia. Frequency of IgE- mediated rice allergy is about 10% in atopic subjects. A multigene family of 14-16 kDa proteins presents the major allergens from rice seeds/grains. Other rice seed/grain allergens are a recently described 33-kDa major and a 60-kDa minor allergens. Rice is a member of the grass family; therefore its pollens become airborne even though it is mainly self-pollinated. Rice can cause hay fever symptoms in areas where it is grown commercially. Key words: rice; food allergy; hypersensitivity DOI: 10.3126/njst.v9i0.3187 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 9 (2008) 195-199
Diversity or Solidarity? Making Sense of the “New” Social Democracy
Authors: Johns Nick , Hyde Mark , Barton Adrian
Published: June 2010

One of the key discussions emerging from within the centre and centre-left of British politics is the means of combining a commitment to diversity with the aim of achieving social solidarity. While there has been a populist strand to this debate recently with the contribution of writers such as Goodhart who has argued that diversity specifically undermines the willingness of the majority (white Anglo-Saxons) to pay for collective welfare provision, there has also been recognition of the difficulty of promoting difference and unity from within even the more sympathetic elements of the academic literature. The purpose of this paper is to consider the nature of this dilemma and to propose a tentative solution. In essence we suggest that the problem lies not in creating a fit between the two elements for the sake of making the ‘new’ social democracy work but in rebuilding traditional social democracy.
Intramolecular Modulation of Serine Protease Inhibitor Activity in a Marine Cyanobacterium with Antifeedant Properties
Authors: Matthew Susan , Ratnayake Ranjala , Becerro Mikel A. , Ritson-Williams Raphael , Paul Valerie J. , Luesch Hendrik
Published: June 2010

Extracts of the Floridian marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya cf. confervoides were found to deter feeding by reef fish and sea urchins (Diadema antillarum). This antifeedant activity may be a reflection of the secondary metabolite content, known to be comprised of many serine protease inhibitors. Further chemical and NMR spectroscopic investigation led us to isolate and structurally characterize a new serine protease inhibitor 1 that is formally derived from an intramolecular condensation of largamide D (2). The cyclization resulted in diminished activity, but to different extents against two serine proteases tested. This finding suggests that cyanobacteria can endogenously modulate the activity of their protease inhibitors.
Determination of the Volatile Constituents in Radix Flemingiae Philippinensis by GC-MS and a Heuristic Evolving Latent Projection Method
Authors: Xie Jian-Wei , Hu Wei , Zhou Zhao-Liang , Huang Lan-Fang , Wang Yu-Ling , Fang Jian-Jun , He Yun-Biao
Published: June 2010

With the help of chemometric resolution methods, a technique for qualitative and quantitative determination of the volatile chemical constituents in Radix Flemingiae Philippinensis by chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed. After the overlapping chromatographic peaks were resolved into pure chromatograms and spectra using a heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP) method, qualitative analysis was performed by similarity search of the obtained pure mass spectrum of each component in the NIST library and the quantitative results were obtained by calculating the total two-way response volume. A total of 63 components were separated and 55 components were identified, accounting for 90.62% of the total content. The main components were farnesol isomer and β-caryophyllene, accounting for 31.33% and 12.60% of the total content, respectively. The obtained results can provide useful information for further study and development of Radix Flemingiae Philippinensis.
Pharmaceutical Composition of Valsartan: β-Cyclodextrin: Physico–Chemical Characterization and Anti-Hypertensive Evaluation
Authors: De Matos Jensen Carlos Eduardo , Dos Santos Robson Augusto Souza , Denadai Angelo Márcio Leite , Santos Cynthia Fernandes Ferreira , Braga Aline Nardoni Gonçalves , Sinisterra Rubén Dario
Published: June 2010

Valsartan, a water-insoluble drug, is mainly used in the treatment of hypertension albeit with reduced oral bioavailability. The aim of work was to develop a valsartan:β-cyclodextrin (VAL:β-CD) pharmaceutical composition in order to improve its water solubility and bioavailability. The VAL:β-CD complexes were prepared by the kneading, solid dispersion and freeze-drying methods, of which the freeze-drying method (FDY) was found to be the best to prepare an inclusion complex. A physical mixtyure PM was also prepared. Complexes were characterized by thermal analysis, Fourier transformed- infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Powder X-ray diffractometry, intrinsic dissolution and NMR (2D-ROESY). Phase-solubility analysis showed AL-type diagrams with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). Microcalorimetric titrations suggested the formation of 1:1 inclusion complex between VAL and β-CD. The apparent stability constants K1:1 calculated from phase-solubility plots were 165.4 M-1 (298 K), 145.0 M-1 (303 K) and 111.3 M-1 (310 K). In vivo experiments in rats showed that reduction in arterial pressure for the FDY complex is better than with valsartan used alone. The better activity of FDY can be attributed to the higher solubility of valsartan after inclusion in the cyclodextrin cavity, as suggest by the intrinsic dissolution studies.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a γ-Cyclodextrin-based Formulation of the Anticancer Agent 5,6,11,12,17,18,23,24- Octahydrocyclododeca[1,2-b:4,5-b’:7,8-b’’:10,11-b’’’]tetraindole (CTet)
Authors: Lucarini Simone , De Santi Mauro , Antonietti Francesca , Brandi Giorgio , Diamantini Giuseppe , Fraternale Alessandra , Paoletti Maria Filomena , Tontini Andrea , Magnani Mauro , Duranti Andrea
Published: June 2010

5,6,11,12,17,18,23,24-octahydrocyclododeca[1,2-b:4,5-b’:7,8-b’’:10,11- b’’’]tetrai ndole (CTet), an indole-3-carbinol (I3C) metabolite endowed with anticancer properties, is poorly soluble in the solvents most frequently used in biological tests. This study indicates that the use of γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) avoids this problem. Formulated with γ-CD CTet is a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis in both estrogen receptor positive (MCF-7) and estrogen receptor negative (MDA-MB-231) human breast cell lines (IC50 = 1.20 ± 0.04 μM and 1.0 ± 0.1 μM, respectively).
An Expeditious Synthesis of [1,2]Isoxazolidin-5-ones and [1,2]Oxazin-6-ones from Functional Allyl Bromide Derivatives
Authors: Beltaïef Imen , Arfaoui Aïcha , Amri Hassen
Published: June 2010

Reaction of allyl bromide (Z)-1 and (Z)-2 with N-substituted hydroxylamine hydrochlorides in presence of tert-butoxide in tert-butanol at reflux provides a short and effective route to [1,2]isoxazolidin-5-ones 3 and [1,2]oxazin-6-ones 4.
Gait Event Detection on Level Ground and Incline Walking Using a Rate Gyroscope
Authors: Catalfamo Paola , Ghoussayni Salim , Ewins David
Published: June 2010

Gyroscopes have been proposed as sensors for ambulatory gait analysis and functional electrical stimulation systems. Accurate determination of the Initial Contact of the foot with the floor (IC) and the final contact or Foot Off (FO) on different terrains is important. This paper describes the evaluation of a gyroscope placed on the shank for determination of IC and FO in subjects walking outdoors on level ground, and up and down an incline. Performance was compared with a reference pressure measurement system. The mean difference between the gyroscope and the reference was less than –25 ms for IC and less than 75 ms for FO for all terrains. Detection success was over 98%. These results provide preliminary evidence supporting the use of the gyroscope for gait event detection on inclines as well as level walking.
On the Applicability of the Green Chemistry Principles to Sustainability of Organic Matter on Asteroids
Authors: Kolb Vera M.
Published: June 2010

The connection between astrobiology and green chemistry represents a new approach to sustainability of organic matter on asteroids or similar bodies. Green chemistry is chemistry which is environmentally friendly. One obvious way for chemistry to be green is to use water as a solvent, instead of more toxic organic solvents. Many astrobiological reactions occur in the aqueous medium, for example in the prebiotic soup or during the aqueous alteration period on asteroids. Thus any advances in the green organic reactions in water are directly applicable to astrobiology. Another green chemistry approach is to abolish use of toxic solvents. This can be accomplished by carrying out the reactions without a solvent in the solventless or solid-state reactions. The advances in these green reactions are directly applicable to the chemistry on asteroids during the periods when water was not available. Many reactions on asteroids may have been done in the solid mixtures. These reactions may be responsible for a myriad of organic compounds that have been isolated from the meteorites.
A Review of the Ecological Footprint Indicator—Perceptions and Methods
Authors: Wiedmann Thomas , Barrett John
Published: June 2010

We present a comprehensive review of perceptions and methods around the Ecological Footprint (EF), based on a survey of more than 50 international EF stakeholders and a review of more than 150 original papers on EF methods and applications over the last decade. The key points identified in the survey are that the EF (a) is seen as a strong communication tool, (b) has a limited role within a policy context, (c) is limited in scope, (d) should be closer aligned to the UN System of Environmental and Economic Accounting and (e) is most useful as part of a basket of indicators. Key issues from the review of methods are: (a) none of the major methods identified can address all relevant issues and questions at once, (b) basing bioproductivity calculations on Net Primary Production (NPP) is a promising approach, (c) advances in linking bioproductivity with ecosystem services and biodiversity have been made by the Dynamic EF concept and the HANPP indicator, (d) environmentally extended input-output analysis (IOA) provides a number of advantages for improving EF calculations and (e) further variations such as the emergy-based concept or the inclusion of further pollutants are not regarded as providing a fundamental shift to the usefulness of EF for policy making. We also discuss the implications of our findings for the use of the EF as a headline indicator for sustainability decision-making.
Quantitative Score for the Evaluation of Kinematic Recordings in Neuropediatric Diagnostics
Authors: Wochner K. , Kim K. , Philippi H. , Hadders-Algra M. , Pietz J. , Dickhaus H. , Karch D.
Published: June 2010

Objective: Evaluation of spontaneous infant movements is an important tool for the detection of neurological impairments. One important aspect of this evaluation is the observation of movements which exhibit certain complex properties. This article presents a method to automatically extract segments which contain such complex patterns in order to quantitatively assess them.

Methods: Expert knowledge is represented in a principal component model which captures the term complexity as the multivariate interactions in the kinematic chains of the upper and the lower limb. A complexity score is introduced which is used to quantify the similarity of new movements to this model. It was applied to the recordings of 53 infants which were diagnosed by physicians as normal or pathologic.

Results: Time segments marked as complex (from five infants) by physicians could be detected with a mean accuracy of 0.77 by the automated approach. The median of the best complexityscoresofthepathologicgroup(n = 21) is significantly lower (p = 0.001) than the median of the normal group (n = 27).

Conclusion: Using the complexity score we were able to quantify movement complexity in regard of the understanding of physicians. This could be useful for clinical applications.
Imaging the Thoracic Distribution of Normal Breath Sounds
Authors: González-Camarena R. , Angeles-Olguín A. , Aljama-Corrales T. , Charleston-Villalobos S.
Published: June 2010

Objective: To assess the feasibility to generate a confident image of normal breath sounds (BS) based on the quantitative analysis of multichannel sensors and imaging them in three known clinical classes, i.e., tracheal, bronchial and vesicular, identifying their spatial distribution with high resolution on the posterior thoracic surface.

Methods: Three parametrization techniques, the percentile frequencies, the univariate AR modeling, and the eigenvalues of the covariance matrix were evaluated when applied to BS. These sounds were acquired in twelve healthy subjects by a 5 × 5 sensor array on the posterior thoracic surface plus the sound at the tracheal position, to obtain feature vectors that fed a supervised multilayer neural network. Based on BS classification rate, the spatial distribution of each BS class was obtained by constructing an image using deterministic interpolation.

Results: The univariate AR modeling was the best parametrization technique producing a classification performance of 96% during the validation phase and just 4% of not classified feature vectors. Corresponding values for the percentile frequencies were 92% and 7.7%, whereas for the eigenvalues were 91% and 9.0%.

Conclusion: This work shows that it is possible to generate confident images associated with the distribution of normal BS classes. Therefore, a detailed image about the spatial distribution of BS in humans might be helpful for detecting lung diseases.
Représentations d'attachement chez des enfants adoptés et chez leurs parents
Authors: Ongari Barbara , Tomasi Francesca
Published: June 2010

Résumé Cette recherche-action aborde les représentations des relations d’attachement des enfants adoptés et celles de leurs parents, par une approche narrative. La plupart des enfants se révèlent insécurisés ou désorganisés, dû au fait que leurs premières expériences d’abandon ou traumatiques interfèrent négativement dans la construction de liens familiaux rassurants. Fréquemment, les parents montrent un fonctionnement défensif rigide et insécurisé. Néanmoins, partager avec les chercheurs leurs difficultés en tant que caregiver a permis aux parents de mieux comprendre les blessures émotionnelles des enfants, en améliorant leur propre capacité réflexive. Même si les résultats sont préliminaires, l’efficacité des procédures narratives a été confirmée.
L'intégration des marchés avec et sans échanges commerciaux directs : le cas de la tomate au Ghana
Authors: Ihle Rico , Amikuzuno Joseph , von Cramon-Taubadel Stephan
Published: June 2010

Résumé La théorie de l’équilibre spatial des marchés considère les flux commerciaux comme le moteur de l’intégration des marchés. Les relations entre les prix de cinq principaux marchés de la tomate au Ghana sont mesurées, afin de déterminer si la transmission spatiale des prix dépend uniquement des échanges directs entre les marchés, ou si l’intégration des marchés est conditionnée par d’autres variables. Une base de données originale, comprenant les prix semi-hebdomadaires et des quantités échangées de tomates fraîches, est analysée. Un modèle vectoriel à correction d’erreur et à changement de régime est utilisé et ses résultats sont comparés à ceux d’un modèle linéaire. L’analyse montre que les prix dans les zones productrices nettes du Ghana, Navrongo et Techiman, s’ajustent rapidement aux déséquilibres, tandis que les prix dans les principales zones de consommation présentent rarement une correction d’erreur significative. Les marchés s’avèrent fortement intégrés, et pour certains même au cours de périodes où les marchés n’échangent pas directement. Des échanges d’informations entre producteurs ou des échanges commerciaux indirects entre marchés pourraient expliquer ces résultats. Classification JEL : C32, Q11, Q13, F14
Choc pétrolier externe et performance des marchés des céréales : le marché du mil au Niger
Authors: Araujo Claudio , Araujo Bonjean Catherine , Egg Johny
Published: June 2010

Résumé L’objectif de cet article est de tester l’impact du récent choc pétrolier sur la performance des marchés du mil au Niger. Dans ce pays où les coûts de transport représentent l’essentiel des coûts de commercialisation des céréales, on peut craindre que l’augmentation du coût des carburants entraîne un ralentissement des échanges, l’activité commerciale devenant moins rentable, et aggrave les tensions sur les marchés locaux de céréales. Partant de l’hypothèse d’arbitrage spatial des marchés, l’écart de prix entre deux marchés est modélisé comme une fonction non linéaire des coûts de transaction. Par rapport aux modèles standards, les coûts de transaction et la vitesse de correction des déséquilibres par rapport à la relation de long terme varient en fonction du prix des carburants. Un modèle de panel à seuil est estimé sur un échantillon de 66 paires de marchés, couvrant la période allant de janvier 1990 à octobre 2008. Les résultats montrent une réduction de la vitesse de correction des déséquilibres de prix avec l’augmentation du prix du pétrole. L’hypothèse d’un ralentissement des échanges de céréales lié à l’augmentation du prix du pétrole ne peut donc être rejetée. Classification JEL : C33, C83, O13, O55, Q13
Marges à travers le temps et l'espace : détermination spatiale des prix sur les marchés de produits agricoles en Tanzanie
Authors: Rapsomanikis George , Karfakis Panagiotis
Published: June 2010

Résumé Dans les pays en développement, la distance et les coûts de transfert déterminent le prix payé ou reçu par les producteurs. Des marges élevées réduisent l’espace de commercialisation d’un produit, écartant ainsi des régions et des ménages des signaux de prix. Ce manque d’information sur les prix peut conduire à un équilibre inefficace. Cet article se base sur deux approches pour analyser les relations spatiales entre les prix et les marges en Tanzanie. Un modèle de cointégration avec seuil permet d’évaluer le degré d’intégration des marchés régionaux, mais aussi d’estimer l’ampleur des coûts de transport et autres coûts de transaction. L’approche basée sur la formation spatiale des prix permet d’identifier les déterminants des marges, en termes de distance, de qualité des infrastructures de transport et de communication. Un modèle de cointégration avec seuil est utilisé pour analyser les relations entre les prix d’un échantillon de marchés tanzaniens bien connectés ou isolés. Un modèle spatial de prix, qui vise à évaluer les déterminants des marges et qui prend compte le pouvoir de marché des commerçants, est estimé à partir de données transversales d’enquêtes conduites auprès de ménages ruraux des régions du Kilimandjaro et du Ruvuma. Bien que le modèle de cointégration suggère une intégration des marchés, le modèle de marché spatial met en évidence un effet de la distance et des infrastructures de transport sur les prix payés aux agriculteurs. Classification JEL : C21, C32, Q12
Effets des traumatismes relationnels précoces chez l'enfant
Authors: Bonneville-Baruchel Emmanuelle
Published: June 2010

Résumé Cet article présente une modélisation du profil psychopathologique des enfants qui ont passé leurs premiers temps de vie dans un environnement caractérisé par le chaos et l’imprévisibilité des relations. Cette modélisation est proposée à partir de l’élaboration d’un matériel clinique. La méthode utilisée repose sur l’analyse d’observations et d’entretiens cliniques, réalisés dans le cadre d’une activité de consultante d’intersecteur et de thérapeute dans un hôpital de jour en pédopsychiatrie. Au cours de la recherche, le profil présenté a été construit comme un paradigme, sous l’appellation « Pathologie des traumatismes relationnels précoces ». Il est apparu que ce profil ne correspond à aucune des catégories nosographiques déjà répertoriées. Il est apparu également que les enfants observés ont été confrontés à des parents en grande difficulté psychique qui n’ont pu s’accorder à leur bébé, et lui ont fait vivre de façon fréquente et répétée des situations de négligence grave et/ou de violence. Dans ce contexte, ces enfants ont expérimenté des interactions qui se sont inscrites en eux comme des expériences traumatiques. L’article propose une analyse de la façon dont ces expériences précoces et le système de défense déployé par ces enfants pour la survie psychique pendant une durée excessive ont généré des troubles graves du développement et du fonctionnement psychique et relationnel. Cette analyse s’attache particulièrement aux défaillances et aux troubles des liens intrapsychiques et intersubjectifs, générant des comportements inadéquats et violents qui apparaissent dès qu’une relation d’attachement s’engage avec un nouvel objet. Elle propose également d’analyser les motifs de reproduction, dans les liens intersubjectifs, des caractéristiques des interactions précoces traumatiques vécues par l’enfant.
L'étude psychanalytique de la dyslexie et de la dysorthographie
Authors: Vereecken Pierre
Published: June 2010

Résumé Comme les conceptions organicistes et neuro-psysiologiques de la dyslexie sont très prépondérantes dans la plupart des pays, il reste important que les psychanalystes continuent à montrer clairement la spécificité de leur apport. L’analyse approfondie de deux cas montre sur le vif comment certaines expériences pulsionnelles causent un trouble dyslexique. La psychanalyse peut même montrer en certains cas que l’apparition d’un fantasme inconscient cause immédiatement une libération prononcée de la lecture ou une écriture sans erreurs. Bien que ce phénomène ne soit qu’un premier pas pour arriver à une guérison plus complète, il illustre de façon frappante l’impact du traitement psychanalytique sur ce genre de problèmes.
De l'inscription à la représentation
Authors: Matha Catherine
Published: June 2010

Résumé À l’appui d’une situation clinique, cet article se propose de réfléchir au potentiel trophique du recours aux scarifications à l’adolescence. Celles-ci constituent une tentative de prise en charge d’expériences traumatiques antérieures qui se voient réactualisées au moment de l’adolescence. Par sa fonction d’étayage, notamment sensoriel, et grâce au travail de liaison du masochisme érogène fortement sollicité dans les scarifications, le corps s’offre comme surface de projection fantasmatique susceptible de favoriser les possibilités de figuration et d’ouvrir la voie de la symbolisation. La dimension d’externalisation de ce recours en acte comporte une potentialité messagère en attente d’être accueillie et interprétée, au risque sinon de s’inscrire dans un recours compulsif.
L'exil et le nationalisme : le cas kurde au début du xxe siècle
Authors: Yilmaz Özcan
Published: June 2010

Résumé Cet article analyse le rôle des élites kurdes d’Istanbul du début du XX e siècle dans le processus de la formation de l’identité nationale kurde. Ce processus résulte de la crise que traverse l’Empire ottoman et il connaît un développement inégal. Des élites kurdes apportent des réponses visant initialement le renforcement de l’identité ottomane en crise. Les premières publications et associations visant le relèvement des Kurdes par l’éducation voient le jour à Istanbul. Les recherches sur la langue, l’histoire, le pays kurde correspondant à la phase initiale d’un mouvement national aboutissent à la fin de la Première Guerre avec la revendication d’un État kurde indépendant. Cependant, loin du Kurdistan, ces élites ne parviennent pas à rallier les masses populaires à leur projet lors de la dissolution de l’État ottoman.
Histoire, mémoire et relations internationales : la diaspora arménienne et les relations arméno-turques
Authors: Cheterian Vicken
Published: June 2010

Résumé Cet article traite de l’influence et des limites des diasporas dans les relations internationales, en mettant l’accent sur le cas arménien. La diaspora arménienne, une des diasporas « classiques », est largement une conséquence du génocide de 1915. Depuis les années 1960, elle a été largement mobilisée pour une reconnaissance internationale contre le négationnisme turc. Avec l’émergence d’une Arménie indépendante en 1991, la diaspora est devenue un acteur des relations internationales en développant son influence politique en Arménie et en exerçant son action de lobbying dans les grandes capitales comme Washington. Cependant, comme le récent rapprochement arméno-turc l’a montré, le poids de la diaspora est efficace quand il marche la main dans la main avec l’orientation politique d’Erevan, mais pas contre elle.
Politique d'immigration, politique étrangère et diplomatie parallèle. Arbitrages et opportunisme d'Israël dans la conduite à l'égard de sa diaspora
Authors: Peretz Pauline
Published: June 2010

Résumé À travers l’étude de quelques exemples, cet article démontre la fidélité persistante d’Israël à l’objectif d’immigration de masse proclamé durant les dernières années du mandat britannique. Il défend que, dans les cas où intérêts nationaux et intérêts de la diaspora sont entrés en conflit, Tel-Aviv a eu recours à l’action clandestine ou à la diplomatie parallèle pour ne pas avoir à sacrifier l’objectif sioniste de « rassemblement des exilés ». Pour déjouer l’opposition de certains pays au départ de leurs Juifs, Israël n’a donc pas craint de renouer avec des pratiques héritées de la période mandataire. Son usage de l’action clandestine et de la diplomatie parallèle contribue à accréditer, au moins dans le domaine de l’immigration, la thèse de l’exceptionnalisme israélien en matière de politique étrangère.
Une diplomatie des diasporas ?
Authors: Kandel Maya
Published: June 2010

Résumé Les diasporas serbe, croate, kosovare et bosniaque ont-elles influencé la politique américaine dans les Balkans ? Interrogation légitime si l’on considère leur activisme à la fin de la Guerre froide et l’évolution de la politique étrangère américaine en ex-Yougoslavie de 1989 à 1995. Le Congrès américain occupe une place centrale dans cette analyse, comme cible principale du lobbying des diasporas, et comme origine de la pression sur l’exécutif par son vote historique de juillet 1995 pour la levée de l’embargo en Bosnie. On verra que la coalition des groupes de pression pro-bosniaques issus de la société américaine a pesé de toute son influence sur les parlementaires. Or cette coalition n’aurait pas été possible sans la mobilisation dès 1989 des diasporas « yougoslaves » aux États-Unis.
La Chine et les Chinois de l'extérieur
Authors: Étienne Gilbert
Published: June 2010

Résumé Non seulement la Chine représente une des plus anciennes diasporas dans le monde et la plus nombreuse, mais il faut encore tenir compte des Chinois de Taiwan séparés de Pékin depuis 1949, de ceux de Hong Kong et de Macao qui, bien que redevenus ressortissants de la République populaire de Chine, jouissent d’un statut différent de celui qui prévaut sur la terre ferme. Après avoir retracé les principales étapes des mouvements migratoires, l’auteur insiste sur la période contemporaine, sur le grand rôle des Chinois de Hong Kong, de Taiwan, de l’Asie du Sud?Est dans le développement de la Chine depuis les années 1980. Il importe enfin de mettre en relief la forte pénétration des Chinois en Afrique depuis l’an 2000.
Les pratiques sportives alibis ! Occuper l'imagination des jeunes lycéens franc-comtois au début du XXe siècle
Authors: Dupaux Jean-Jacques
Published: June 2010

Résumé Les pratiques sportives se développent dans les lycées dès la fin du XIX e siècle sous forme d’activités auto-organisées entre élèves. S’interroger sur les raisons de cette liberté laissée à la jeunesse par les proviseurs alors que les pratiques sportives sont l’objet de controverses, permet d’approcher les mentalités (conceptions, avis, rumeurs, peurs…, plus ou moins partagés) des notables locaux. Les sources rectorales donnent l’occasion d’entrevoir les non-dits et sous-entendus des procès-verbaux administratifs qui justifient l’agencement des loisirs sportifs dans la région. Les rapports des chefs d’établissement au Recteur d’Académie répertorient les premières pratiques organisées et indiquent que le souci majeur est d’éviter les déviances et attitudes vicieuses des internes. À l’atonie et à la tristesse du dépravé s’opposent le dynamisme et la joie du sportif.
Les loisirs sportifs dans les quartiers populaires : modalités de pratiques et rapports au corps
Authors: Vieille Marchiset Gilles , Gasparini William
Published: June 2010

Résumé Les loisirs sportifs des milieux populaires sont le plus souvent rattachés, dans la littérature socioanthropologique, à des pratiques connotées (football, sports de combat, marche?) et à des représentations corporelles basées sur la force. Notre propos vise à identifier la variété des pratiques et des rapports au corps dans les quartiers populaires aujourd?hui en insistant sur les processus d?individualisation dans les cultures de masse. Notre analyse s?appuie, d?une part, sur une revue des études statistiques sur le sport des milieux et quartiers populaires et, d?autre part, sur une enquête par questionnaires et par récits de vie menée en Franche-Comté. En fait, la complexification des conduites des loisirs intègre les vestiges populaires tout en faisant état d?un élargissement des modalités de pratiques, compétitives ou non, et des profils de représentations corporelles, différenciant force, effacement, épuisement, forme et conquête. Cette diversité dépend essentiellement du sexe et des modes d?occupations professionnelles.
First data on reproduction and growth of Buenia affinis Iljin, 1930 (Gobiidae) in the northern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Kovačić Marcelo , La Mesa Mario
Published: June 2010

De Buen’s goby, Buenia affinis, is a very small Mediterranean goby (38.8 mm TL) inhabiting sandy infralittoral bottoms and known only from a few published records. Some aspects of reproduction and growth of B. affinis were investigated from a population collected in the Kvarner area (north-eastern Adriatic Sea). Sampling was carried out by SCUBA diving between May 2003 and April 2004. The sex ratio did not differ significantly. The estimated length at sexual maturity was 26.1 and 27.4 mm for females and males, respectively. The spawning season extended from February to July. The absolute fecundity (F) ranged from 457 to 714 eggs per individual (mean ± SE, 556 ± 25). Based on the length frequency distribution analysis throughout the year and seasonal growth bands on sagittal otoliths, B. affinis was assumed to be an annual species.
Influence of the genetic structure of the red and blue shrimp, Aristeus antennatus (Risso, 1816), on the sustainability of a deep-sea population along a depth gradient in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Sardà Francisco , Roldán María Inés , Heras Sandra , Maltagliati Ferruccio
Published: June 2010

The red and blue shrimp, Aristeus antennatus, inhabits deep shelf waters in the Mediterranean Sea, where the shallower portion of its distribution supports a large commercial fishery. Recent prospecting surveys in the western Mediterranean have detected virgin stocks dwelling at more than 1000 m, but the extent of gene flow between the exploited shallow-dwelling stock and the deep-dwelling stock is unknown. To investigate the genetic structure of the population and estimate the depth component of gene flow, a portion of the mitochondrial DNA 16S gene (547 pb) was sequenced for 321 individuals from four different depths (350, 700, 1100 and 1500 m) at a location in the Catalan Sea. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity values were low and did not significantly differ across depths. Analysis of molecular variance showed no significant genetic differences between depths. Mismatch distribution and neutrality tests indicated that A. antennatus has undergone recent demographic expansion in the two shallowest layers. Our results suggest that the species is genetically structured as a sort of metapopulation in which gene flow that occurs during the larval and juvenile stages, when larvae are carried downstream and juveniles are carried upstream by cascading, plays an important role in the resilience of the exploited layers.
Change in the foraging strategy of female South American sea lions (Carnivora: Pinnipedia) after parturition
Authors: Drago Massimiliano , Cardona Luís , Crespo Enrique A. , García Néstor , Ameghino Santiago , Aguilar Alex
Published: June 2010

This study tests the hypothesis that female South American sea lions shift from off-shore, pelagic prey to coastal, benthic prey after parturition in order to reduce the foraging trip duration and hence the time pups remain unattended on the beach during early lactation. The δ13C and δ15N values of the serum and blood cells of 26 South American sea lion suckling pups from northern Patagonia were used to track the dietary changes of their mothers from late pregnancy to early lactation, after correction for differential isotopic fractionation between tissues. Primary producers and potential prey species were also analysed to establish a baseline for interpreting the stable isotope concentration of serum and blood cells. Isotopic ratios revealed a generalized increase in the consumption of coastal-benthic prey after parturition. Such a generalized post-partum shift will allow females to spend more time on land and look after their pups. The effects of this foraging strategy on the nutritional quality of the female’s diet are discussed.
Evaluation of Regional Water Utilization Level Based on Set Pair Analysis
Authors: Jiao Shi Xing , Wang La Chun , Yin Yi Xing , Zhao Rong Qin
Published: June 2010

Water resources are the foundation that mankind depends on for his existence and development. In order to realize the sustainable development of the society and economy, we must give more consideration to the comprehensive evaluation about regional water utilization level. The method of Set Pair Analysis (SPA) is used to study the relationship between certainty and uncertainty among the objective things and its core is to compute the connection degree among the things. The paper puts forward a new method based on SPA to build the evaluation standards according to the actual conditions of regional water utilization. Employing this new method, the paper studies the water utilization level of the area along the lower Yellow River quantitatively, and compares the evaluated results with the results from multi-hierarchy grey relation comprehensive evaluation model (MGRCEM). The comparison shows that the overall results from the SPA method are consistent with those from MGRCEM. Moreover, the SPA method has many advantages such as convenient and simple computation, objective and reasonable evaluation results and so on. The applied method can serve as a new approach for water utilization studies, and the evaluation standards built in the paper can solve some evaluation problems of regional water utilization level effectively.
Study on the Rice Straw-Particleboard by Starch-Based API Adhesive
Authors: Shi Jun You , Tang Yun Yun
Published: June 2010

The rice straw particleboard was prepared using corn starch-based polymer-isocyanate adhesive, and the factors which affected the particleboard properties were investigated .The hot-pressing parameters were fixed as follows: 700kg/m3 of density, 160°Cand15min of hot-pressing temperature and time, 4.2 MPa of unit pressure. The results showed that using the acetic acid which concentration is 1% to spray the surface of straw ,the ratio of straw to wood shavings ：85︰15，the ratio of SBR/PVA：70︰30, glue- spreading 25%, the PMDI addition 3%. Using this adhesive the straw particleboard could meet the requirement of GB/T4897.3-2003.
The Molecular Characterization and Hydrogen Production of a New Species of Anaerobe in Wastewater Treatment Process for H2 Recovery
Authors: Liu Xiao Ye , Guo Zi Rui , Zhang Yong Juan , Wang Zhan Qing , Li Yong Feng
Published: June 2010

The isolation and identification of hydrogen production bacteria(HPB)with high yield and high evolution rate is an important foundation of fermented hydrogen production process by anaerobic digesting high strength organic wastewater. An improved Hungater rolling tubes technique and a plate method of culture bottle (PMCB) were employed to enumerate and isolate the anaerobes. The HPB-RL medium was designed specially for isolating and culturing anaerobic hydrogen bacteria. Culture temperature was at 37°C and 5.5 of pH. About 90 strains of bacteria were isolated, in which, a strain of the hydrogen producer with high yield and high evolution rate was isolated and named Rennanqi12. The isolates were straight rods, Grams positive, strictly anaerobic, no spore-forming bacteria, whole bacteria flagella, having capsule, 3~4 metachromatic granules. The strain of Rennanqi12 could produce hydrogen using molasses wastewater as the carbon resource. The isolate Rennanqi12 has the closest relationship with the strain C. cellulose for the 94% homology of 16S rDNA. The strain of Rennanqi12 might be a new species that belongs to a new genus. The amount of hydrogen-producing (YH2)is 1880.5ml/L medium and the maximum hydrogen-producing rate(QH2)is 28.2 mmol/g•(dry•cell)•h when R12 digested substrates were glucose.
Optimization of Lactic Acid Production from Food Waste by the Saccharification of Bacillus subtili
Authors: Liu Ying Ying , Wang Qun Hui , Chen Li Wei , Wang Xiao Qiang , Wang Juan
Published: June 2010

In order to reduce the costs of production and increase the lactic acid yields, this research adopts Bacillus subtilis to substitute enzymes. The method used in the study is two-phase fermentation - inoculate Bacillus subtilis to food waste to produce sugar, and then inoculate Lactobacillus to food waste to yield lactic acid. 87.22 g l–1 of total sugar can be obtained from non-autoclaved food waste in 30 h of saccharification at 40 centigrade. After two-phase fermentation, the optimal lactic acid concentration was 50.77g/L. The results indicate that two-phase fermentation is better than synchronous saccharification fermentation.
Adsorption of Humic Acid by Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Boiler Feedwater
Authors: Zhu Zhi Ping , Huang Ke Long , Zhou Yi
Published: June 2010

The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MCNTs) are used as an adsorbent to remove humic acid (HA) from boiler feedwater. The experiment carries on in different temperatures, different MCNTs dosages, different pH value and different HA initial concentration to study adsorption HA property by MCNTs. The adsorption kinetics is well fitted with pseudo-second-order rate model, the adsorption mechanism is mainly attributed to the π-π electron-donor-acceptor interaction between the aromatic ring of HA and the surface carboxylic groups of MCNTs. The adsorption isotherms are fitted better with Langmuir than Freundlich models, the parameters of equilibrium constant, standard free energy (ΔG), standard enthalpy (ΔH), and standard entropy changes (ΔS) are calculated according to experiments, which shows adsorption of HA onto PAC is an exothermic process.
Research on Performance Effected by HRT of PAC-MF Integrated Process
Authors: Ma Cong , Yu Shui Li , Wei Li , Zhang Lin Yan
Published: June 2010

The hydraulic residence time (HRT) is a key parameter affecting the water treatment process, concerning water quality guarantee, short HRT will shrink capacity of structure, in order to reduce capital construction fee and operation cost. Filtration experiments using a bench-scale immersed membrane separation system combined with a high dose of PAC (powdered activated carbon) were conducted in order to investigate the effect for organic matters, pesticides and ammonia-nitrogen, and choose the optimal hydraulic retention time. The experiments were carried out under such operation conditions as a filtration rate of 0.5m/d, water temperature of 20°C. Synthetic water was used as the source water; the average influent concentrations of TOC (total organic carbon), and NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen) were 7.8mg/l, 6.8mg/l, respectively，201μg/L for THMFP and 201μg/L for Nitrobenzene. The results illustrated that, when HRT reduced from 3h to 1h, the removal rate of TOC, UV254 decreased a little, so did ammonia-nitrogen. But it had little effect on THMFP and nitrobenzene. When HRT was 1 hour, the average removal rate of TOC was 75%, 92% for ammonia-nitrogen, 97.5% for nitrobenzene and 75% for THMFP, which was all less than that of GB5749-2006 and that’s the optimal hydraulic retention time.
Benefit Analysis of Sewage Heat Energy Application in the Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical University
Authors: Li Jian Yang , Zhu An , Zhao Qi Ming , Wang Yang , Jiang Xiu Ya , Yuan Ju
Published: June 2010

The affiliated hospital of Guiyang Medical University was the first organization using the application of sewage heat pump system to cool and heat. After its emergency building took the new sewage heat pump to replace the original geothermal heat pump, there was obvious effect on the energy saving. Compared with the previous year in which the sewage heat pump was not improved, the new sewage heat pump not only reduced the cooling and heating energy consumption costs, but also substantially reduced emissions of air pollutants. The new sewage heat pump played a very good example in the application of clean energy, and it is of great significance on the recycling economy and environmental protection.