bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Plasma Membrane Pleiotropic Drug Resistance Transporters in the Killer Activity of Debaryomyces hansenii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus Toxins
Authors: Czarnecka Monika , Połomska Xymena , Restuccia Cristina , Żarowska Barbara
Published: March 2022

The killer strains of Debaryomyces hansenii and Wickerhamomyces anomalus species secrete antimicrobial proteins called killer toxins which are active against selected fungal phytopathogens. In our research, we attempted to investigate the role of plasma membrane pleiotropic drug resistance (PDR) transporters (Pdr5p and Snq2p) in the mechanism of defense against killer toxins. Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strains with strengthened or weakened pleiotropic drug resistance due to increased or reduced number of mentioned PDR efflux pumps were tested for killer toxin susceptibility. The present study demonstrates the influence of the Snq2p efflux pump in immunity to W.anomalus BS91 killer toxin. It was also shown that the activity of killer toxins of D. hansenii AII4b, KI2a, MI1a and CBS767 strains is regulated by other transporters than those influencing W. anomalus killer toxin activity. In turn, this might be related to the functioning of the Pdr5p transporter and a complex cross-talk between several regulatory multidrug resistance networks. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that reports the involvement of PDR transporters in the cell membrane of susceptible microorganisms in resistance to killer yeasts’ toxins.
The Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fatima Kaneez , Almas Talal , Lakhani Shan , Jahangir Arshia , Ahmed Abdullah , Siddiqui Ayra , Rahim Aiman , Qureshi Saleha Ahmed , Arshad Zukhruf , Golani Shilpa , Musheer Adeena
Published: March 2022

COVID-19 has proved to be a serious, and consequential disease that has affected millions of people globally. Previously, the adverse effects of proton pump inhibitors (PPI) have been observed with increasing the risk of pneumonia and COVID-19. This meta-analysis aims to address the relationship between the use of PPI and the severity of COVID-19 infection. We conducted a systemic literature search from PUBMED, Science Direct, and Cinahl from December 2019 to January 2022. Published and unpublished randomized control trials and cohort studies were included. Review Manager was used for all statistical analyses. In total, 14 studies were included in this systemic review and meta-analysis. Outcomes of interest include: (1) susceptibility of COVID-19 infection and (2) severity of COVID-19 (defined as the composite of poor outcomes: ICU admission, need for oxygen therapy, need for a ventilator, or death), and (3) mortality due to COVID-19. PPI use was marginally associated with a nominal but statistically significant increase in the risk of COVID-19 infection (OR 1.05 [1.01, 1.09]; I2 97%, p = 0.007). PPI use also increased the risk of the composite poor outcome (OR 1.84 [1.71, 1.99]; I2 98%, p < 0.00001) and mortality (OR 1.12 [1.00, 1.25]; I2 84%, p = 0.05) in patients with COVID-19.
Factors Associated with Severe COVID-19 and Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome in a Cohort of People Living with HIV on Antiretroviral Treatment and with Undetectable HIV RNA
Authors: Mazzitelli Maria , Trunfio Mattia , Sasset Lolita , Leoni Davide , Castelli Eleonora , Lo Menzo Sara , Gardin Samuele , Putaggio Cristina , Brundu Monica , Garzotto Pietro , Cattelan Anna Maria
Published: March 2022

SARS-CoV-2 can produce both severe clinical conditions and long-term sequelae, but data describing post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) are lacking for people living with HIV (PLWH). We aimed at assessing the prevalence and factors associated with severe COVID-19 and PACS in our cohort. We included all unvaccinated adult PLWH on antiretroviral treatment and plasma HIV-RNA < 40 cp/mL since at least six months before SARS-CoV-2 infection at the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit of Padua (Italy), from 20 February 2020 to 31 March 2021. COVID-19 severity was defined by WHO criteria; PACS was defined as the persistence of symptoms or development of sequelae beyond four weeks from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Demographic and clinical variables were collected, and data were analyzed by non-parametric tests. 123 subjects meeting the inclusion criteria among 1800 (6.8%) PLWH in care at the Infectious and Tropical diseases Unit in Padua were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection/COVID-19 during the study period. The median age was 51 years (40–58), 79.7% were males, and 77.2% of Caucasian ethnicity. The median CD4+ T-cell count and length of HIV infection were 560 cells/mmc (444–780) and 11 years, respectively. Of the patients, 35.0% had asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, 48% developed mild COVID-19, 17.1% presented moderate or severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and 4.1% died. Polypharmacy was the single independent factor associated with severe COVID-19. As for PACS, among 75 patients who survived SARS-CoV-2 symptomatic infection, 20 (26.7%) reported PACS at a median follow-up of six months: asthenia (80.0%), shortness of breath (50.0%) and recurrent headache (25.0%) were the three most common complaints. Only the severity of the COVID-19 episode predicted PACS after adjusting for relevant demographic and clinical variables. In our study, PLWH with sustained viral suppression and good immunological response showed that the risk of hospital admission for COVID-19 was low, even though the severity of the disease was associated with high mortality. In addition, the likelihood of developing severe COVID-19 and PACS was mainly driven by similar risk factors to those faced by the general population, such as polypharmacy and the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
PVJ1 Is Not the First Tailed Temperate Phage Infecting Bacteria from Genus Psychrobacillus. Comment on Liu et al. Isolation and Characterization of the First Temperate Virus Infecting Psychrobacillus from Marine Sediments. Viruses 2022, 14, 108
Authors: Zrelovs Nikita , Lamsters Kristaps , Karuss Janis , Krievans Maris , Dislers Andris , Kazaks Andris
Published: March 2022

In a recent study published in Viruses [...]
Establishment of a Direct PCR Assay for Simultaneous Differential Diagnosis of African Swine Fever and Classical Swine Fever Using Crude Tissue Samples
Authors: Nishi Tatsuya , Okadera Kota , Fukai Katsuhiko , Yoshizaki Miwa , Nakasuji Ai , Yoneyama Syuji , Kokuho Takehiro
Published: March 2022

African swine fever (ASF) and classical swine fever (CSF) are contagious swine diseases that are clinically indistinguishable from each other; hence, reliable test methods for accurate diagnosis and differentiation are highly demanded. By employing a buffer system suitable for crude extraction of nucleic acids together with an impurity-tolerant enzyme, we established a multiplex assay of real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) for simultaneous detection of ASF virus (ASFV), CSF virus (CSFV) and swine internal control derived genes in a sample without the need for prior purification of viral nucleic acids. We applied this method to test serum and tissue samples of infected pigs and wild boars and compared the statistical sensitivities and specificities with those of standard molecular diagnostic methods. When a serum was used as a test material, the newly established assay showed 94.4% sensitivity for both and 97.9 and 91.9% specificity for ASFV and CSFV detection, respectively. In contrast, the results were 100% identical with those obtained by the standard methods when a crude tissue homogenate was used as a test material. The present data indicate that this new assay offers a practical, quick, and reliable technique for differential diagnosis of ASF and CSF where geographical occurrences are increasingly overlapping.
Identification of Crucial Amino Acids in Begomovirus C4 Proteins Involved in the Modulation of the Severity of Leaf Curling Symptoms
Authors: Dai Kao-Wei , Tsai Yu-Ting , Wu Chia-Ying , Lai Yi-Chin , Lin Na-Sheng , Hu Chung-Chi
Published: March 2022

Begomoviruses frequently inflict upward or downward leaf curling symptoms on infected plants, leading to severe economic damages. Knowledge of the underlying mechanism controlling the leaf curling severity may facilitate the development of alternative disease management strategies. In this study, through genomic recombination between Ageratum yellow vein virus Nan-Tou strain (AYVV-NT) and Tomato leaf curl virus Tai-Chung Strain (TLCV-TC), which caused upward and downward leaf curling on Nicotiana benthamiana, respectively, it was found that the coding region of C4 protein might be involved in the determination of leaf curling directions. Sequence comparison and mutational analysis revealed that the cysteine and glycine at position 8 and 14 of AYVV-TC C4 protein, respectively, are involved in the modulation of leaf curling symptoms. Cross-protection assays further demonstrated that N. benthamiana inoculated with AYVV-carrying mutations of the aforementioned amino acids exhibited attenuated leaf curling symptoms under the challenge of wild-type AYVV-NT. Together, these findings revealed a new function of begomovirus C4 proteins involved in the modulation of leaf curling severity during symptom formation and suggested potential applications for managing viral diseases through manipulating the symptoms.
A Qualitative Risk Assessment for Bluetongue Disease and African Horse Sickness: The Risk of Entry and Exposure at a UK Zoo
Authors: Nelson Elisabeth , Thurston William , Pearce-Kelly Paul , Jenkins Hannah , Cameron Mary , Carpenter Simon , Guthrie Amanda , England Marion
Published: March 2022

Bluetongue virus (BTV) and African horse sickness virus (AHSV) cause economically important diseases that are currently exotic to the United Kingdom (UK), but have significant potential for introduction and onward transmission. Given the susceptibility of animals kept in zoo collections to vector-borne diseases, a qualitative risk assessment for the introduction of BTV and AHSV to ZSL London Zoo was performed. Risk pathways for each virus were identified and assessed using published literature, animal import data and outputs from epidemiological models. Direct imports of infected animals, as well as wind-borne infected Culicoides, were considered as routes of incursion. The proximity of ongoing disease events in mainland Europe and proven capability of transmission to the UK places ZSL London Zoo at higher risk of BTV release and exposure (estimated as low to medium) than AHSV (estimated as very low to low). The recent long-range expansion of AHSV into Thailand from southern Africa highlights the need for vector competence studies of Palearctic Culicoides for AHSV to assess the risk of transmission in this region.
Critical View on the Importance of Host Defense Strategies on Virus Distribution of Bee Viruses: What Can We Learn from SARS-CoV-2 Variants?
Authors: Piot Niels , Smagghe Guy
Published: March 2022

Bees, both wild and domesticated ones, are hosts to a plethora of viruses, with most of them infecting a wide range of bee species and genera. Although viral discovery and research on bee viruses date back over 50 years, the last decade is marked by a surge of new studies, new virus discoveries, and reports on viral transmission in and between bee species. This steep increase in research on bee viruses was mainly initiated by the global reports on honeybee colony losses and the worldwide wild bee decline, where viruses are regarded as one of the main drivers. While the knowledge gained on bee viruses has significantly progressed in a short amount of time, we believe that integration of host defense strategies and their effect on viral dynamics in the multi-host viral landscape are important aspects that are currently still missing. With the large epidemiological dataset generated over the last two years on the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the role of these defense mechanisms in shaping viral dynamics has become eminent. Integration of these dynamics in a multi-host system would not only greatly aid the understanding of viral dynamics as a driver of wild bee decline, but we believe bee pollinators and their viruses provide an ideal system to study the multi-host viruses and their epidemiology.
Hepatitis C: Standard of Treatment and What to Do for Global Elimination
Authors: Di Marco Lorenza , La Mantia Claudia , Di Marco Vito
Published: March 2022

Hepatitis C virus infection has a substantial effect on morbidity and mortality worldwide because it is a cause of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, liver transplantation, and liver-related death. Direct acting antiviral drugs available today have high efficacy and excellent safety and can be used in all patients with clinically evident chronic liver disease and in groups that demonstrate risk behaviors to reduce the spread of infection. The Global Health Strategy of WHO to eliminate hepatitis infection by 2030 assumes “a 90% reduction in new cases of chronic hepatitis C, a 65% reduction in hepatitis C deaths, and treatment of 80% of eligible people with HCV infections”. In this review effective models and strategies for achieving the global elimination of HCV infection are analyzed. The screening strategies must be simple and equally effective in high-risk groups and in the general population; fast and effective models for appropriate diagnosis of liver disease are needed; strategies for direct acting antiviral drug selection must be cost-effective; linkage to care models in populations at risk and in marginalized social classes must be specifically designed and applied; strategies for obtaining an effective vaccine against HCV infection have yet to be developed.
The IL6-174G/C Polymorphism Associated with High Levels of IL-6 Contributes to HCV Infection, but Is Not Related to HBV Infection, in the Amazon Region of Brazil
Authors: Queiroz Maria Alice Freitas , Santiago Angélica Menezes , Moura Tuane Carolina Ferreira , Amoras Ednelza da Silva Graça , Conde Simone Regina Souza da Silva , Cayres-Vallinoto Izaura Maria Vieira , Ishak Ricardo , Vallinoto Antonio Carlos Rosário
Published: March 2022

The dysregulation of cytokine production can lead to an inefficient immune response, promoting viral persistence that induces the progression of chronic viral hepatitis. The study investigated the association of the IL6-174G/C polymorphism with changes in cytokine levels and its influence on the persistence and progression of chronic hepatitis caused by HBV and HCV in 72 patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV), 100 patients with hepatitis C (HCV), and a control group of 300 individuals. The genotyping of the IL6-174G/C polymorphism was performed by real-time PCR, and cytokine levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HCV patients with the wild-type genotype (GG) had a higher viral load (p = 0.0230). The plasma levels of IL-6 were higher among patients infected with HBV and HCV than among the control group (p < 0.0001). Patients with HCV were associated with increased inflammatory activity (A2–A3; p < 0.0001). In hepatitis C, carriers of the GG genotype had higher levels of IL-6 (p = 0.0286), which were associated with A2–A3 inflammatory activity (p = 0.0097). Patients with A2–A3 inflammatory activity and GG genotype had higher levels of IL-6 than those with the GC/CC genotype (p = 0.0127). In conclusion, the wild-type genotype for the IL6-174G/C polymorphism was associated with high levels of IL-6 and HCV viral load and inflammatory activity, suggesting that this genotype may be a contributing factor to virus-induced chronic infection.
Direct Lysis RT-qPCR of SARS-CoV-2 in Cell Culture Supernatant Allows for Fast and Accurate Quantification
Authors: Craig Nicky , Fletcher Sarah L. , Daniels Alison , Newman Caitlin , O’Shea Marie , Tan Wenfang Spring , Warr Amanda , Tait-Burkard Christine
Published: March 2022

Studying the entire virus replication cycle of SARS-CoV-2 is essential to identify the host factors involved and treatments to combat infection. Quantification of released virions often requires lengthy procedures, whereas quantification of viral RNA in supernatant is faster and applicable to clinical isolates. Viral RNA purification is expensive in terms of time and resources, and is often unsuitable for high-throughput screening. Direct lysis protocols were explored for patient swab samples, but the lack of virus inactivation, cost, sensitivity, and accuracy is hampering their application and usefulness for in vitro studies. Here, we show a highly sensitive, accurate, fast, and cheap direct lysis RT-qPCR method for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in culture supernatant. This method inactivates the virus and permits detection limits of 0.043 TCID50 virus and <1.89 copy RNA template per reaction. Comparing direct lysis with RNA extraction, a mean difference of +0.69 ± 0.56 cycles was observed. Application of the method to established qPCR methods for RSV (-ve RNA), IAV (segmented -ve RNA), and BHV (dsDNA) showed wider applicability to other enveloped viruses, whereby IAV showed poorer sensitivity. This shows that accurate quantification of SARS-CoV-2 and other enveloped viruses can be achieved using direct lysis protocols, facilitating a wide range of high- and low-throughput applications.
The Influence of Organic Matter Origin on the Chlorine Bulk Decay Coefficient in Reclaimed Water
Authors: Kang Sung-Won , Ahn Kwang-Ho
Published: March 2022

Using reclaimed water has been increasing to manage water shortages arising due to climate change. Research has been conducted on reclaimed water production, but few studies have investigated the pipe network and supply of reclaimed water. Reclaimed water contains greater amounts of organic matter, nutrients, and ionic substances compared to tap water. Therefore, it is highly likely to cause problems, such as water pollution due to microbial propagation in pipes, and leakage due to pipe corrosion, which interfere with water supply system operations. This study investigated the residual chlorine decay characteristics of chlorine disinfectants applied to a control biofilm in reclaimed water pipe networks. The bulk decay coefficient was compared between reclaimed water and a humic acid solution, and the origin of organic matter was analyzed using fluorescence excitation-emission matrices. The experimental results show that residual chlorine was consumed because protein and amino acid-based organic matter reacted more rapidly with chlorine than natural organic matter, such as humic acid. Moreover, chlorine bulk decay occurred rapidly in reclaimed water when total organic carbon was 3 mg/L or higher. These results confirm that removing organic matter during reclaimed water treatment may affect the management of the pipe network system.
Prediction of Second-Order Rate Constants of Sulfate Radical with Aromatic Contaminants Using Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Model
Authors: Ding Han , Hu Jiangyong
Published: March 2022

Predicting the second-order rate constants between aromatic contaminants and a sulfate radical (kSO4•−) is vital for the screening of pollutants resistant to sulfate radical-based advanced oxidation processes. In this study, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model was developed to predict the values for aromatic contaminants. The relationship between logkSO4•− and three molecular descriptors (electron density, steric energy, and ratio between oxygen atoms and carbon atoms) was built through multiple linear regression. The goodness-of-fit, robustness, and predictive ability of the model were characterized statistically with indicators showing that the model was reliable and applicable. Electron density was found to be the most influential descriptor that contributed the most to logkSO4•−. All data points fell within the applicability domain, and no outliers existed in the training set. The comparison with other models indicates that the QSAR model performs well in elucidating the mechanism of the reaction between aromatic compounds and sulfate radicals.
Modeling and Risk Analysis of Dam-Break Flooding in a Semi-Arid Montane Watershed: A Case Study of the Yabous Dam, Northeastern Algeria
Authors: Gaagai Aissam , Aouissi Hani Amir , Krauklis Andrey E. , Burlakovs Juris , Athamena Ali , Zekker Ivar , Boudoukha Abderrahmane , Benaabidate Lahcen , Chenchouni Haroun
Published: March 2022

The risk related to embankment dam breaches needs to be evaluated in order to prepare emergency action plans. The physical and hydrodynamic parameters of the flood wave generated from the dam failure event correspond to various breach parameters, such as width, slope, and formation time. This study aimed to simulate the dam breach failure scenario of the Yabous dam (northeast Algeria) and analyze its influence on the related areas (urban and natural environments) downstream of the dam. The simulation was completed using the sensitivity analysis method to assess the impact of breach parameters and flooding on the dam break scenario. The flood wave propagation associated with the dam break was simulated using the one-dimensional HEC-RAS hydraulic model. This study applied a sensitivity analysis of three breach parameters (slope, width, and formation time) on five sites selected downstream of the embankment dam. The simulation showed that the maximum flow of the flood wave recorded at the level of the breach was 8768 m3/s, which gradually attenuated along the river course to reach 1972.7 m3/s at about 8.5 km downstream the dam. This study established the map of flood risk areas that illustrated zones threatened by the flooding wave triggered by the dam failure due to extreme rainfall events. The sensitivity analysis showed that flood wave flow, height, and width revealed positive and similar changes for the increases in adjustments (±25% and ±50%) of breach width and slope in the five sites. However, flood wave parameters of breach formation time showed significant trends that changed in the opposite direction compared to breach slope and width. Meanwhile, the adjustments (±25% and ±50%) of the flood hydrograph did not significantly influence the flood parameters downstream of the dam. In the present study, the HEC-RAS 1-D modeling demonstrated effectiveness in simulating the propagation of flood waves downstream of the dam in the event of dam failure and highlighted the impact of the breach parameters and the flood hydrographical pattern on flood wave parameters.
Numerical Experiment on Salt Transport Mechanism of Salt Intrusion in Estuarine Area
Authors: Zhao Jun , Zhu Liangsheng , Li Jianhua
Published: March 2022

The process of exchange and transport between salt and fresh water is affected by not only convection due to the density gradient but also turbulence. In this study, a high resolution mathematical model of the intrusion movement of saltwater in an estuary area was established and compared with a physical flume experiment. The model, whose minimum horizontal grid cell of the model is 0.05 m, and minimum vertical grid cell is 0.0005 m, simulated well the salt transport mechanism at the interface between salt and fresh water. The salt transport processes of estuarine saltwater intrusion were obtained under the conditions of no runoff and no tide, no runoff and tide, and runoff and tide. The results suggest that under the joint action of runoff and tide, the mixing process in the interface of salt and fresh water is relatively gentle, the change in the velocity gradient is small, and the advance distance of saltwater intrusion will reach a dynamic equilibrium state after a period of time.
Effects of Different Crop Root Systems on Soil Detachment by Concentrated Flow on the Loess Plateau in China
Authors: Sun Jiaqian , Lu Pei , Cao Yongxiang , Zhang Naichang , Wu Faqi , Li Peng
Published: March 2022

Soil erosion in sloping cropland is a major water and soil conservation issue in the Loess Plateau region, one of the main areas with sloping cropland in China. However, the effect of crop root systems, a major factor potentially influencing soil and water conservation in cropland, on farmland erosion, remains unclear. In the present study, soil erosion was investigated using indoor runoff scouring experiments with millet, maize, and soybean cover, with a bare surface as the control (CK), on sloping surfaces. Crop root system characteristics, rill initiation time, and erosion law, as well as their interactions, were investigated. Rill initiation time in slopes with all three crops slope were greater than that in the bare slope, indicating that crops could significantly enhance soil anti-scourability. Soil detachment rate decreased under crop cover when compared with bare land, considering the average soil detachment rate was the highest under CK, followed by under maize and soybean, and the least under millet. Slope gradient and unit discharge rate were positively correlated with soil detachment rate. Root length density, root surface area density, and root volume density were negatively correlated with soil detachment rate. Moreover, roots in the 0–1 mm diameter range dominantly influenced soil erosion.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI, INSENTIF, DAN GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN PT. CIPTA AGRO SEJATI, ROKAN HILIR, RIAU
Authors: Jessino Erick , Simanjuntak Demak Claudia Yosephine
Published: March 2022

Conducting tests by analyzing the influence of compensation, incentives and leadership styles on employee performance at PT. Cipta Agro Sejati, Rokan Hilir, Riau is the objective of this research. The decline that occurs in employee performance can be assessed from the achievement of company targets, which is caused by unsatisfactory compensation and incentives and ineffective leadership. The research method uses quantitative. The population taken by the researcher is 196 employee subjects and the sample used is 32 employees. Sampling random sampling is the sampling technique used. In calculating the hypothesis test obtained individually, the value of tcount> ttable or 3.887> 1.979 is obtained from the significance that is obtained 0.0¬00 <0.05, meaning that Ha accepted while Ho was rejected, namely by individual Compensation had a significant positive effect on the Employee Performance of PT. Cipta Agro Sejati, Rokan Hilir, Riau. The results in calculating the hypothesis test with individuals and simultaneously Compensation, Incentives, and Leadership Style have a significant positive effect on the Employee Performance of PT. Cipta Agro Sejati, Rokan Hilir, Riau.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PRODUK, KUALITAS PELAYANAN, DAN HARGA TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN PEMBELIAN MOBIL MITSUBISHI PADA PT. SARDANA INDAH BERLIAN MOTOR MEDAN
Authors: Riady Andre , Tandreas David , Fernandes Riady Andre , Wijaya Hardy , Faska Gultom Charles Harry , Andronicus Melkyory
Published: March 2022

This research was conducted in PT Sardana Indah Berlian Motor Medan. The purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the effect of product quality, service quality and price on purchasing decisions for Mitsubishi cars in PT Sardana Indah Berlian Motor Medan. The decision to buy Mitsubishi cars has decreased. This research method uses quantitative methods. The population in this study amounted to 1376 customers and the sample amounted to 93 customers. The sampling technique of this research is simple random sampling. Testing the hypothesis partially obtained the value of tcount -0.710 <1.987 and the significance obtained is 0.480 > 0.05, meaning that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected, namely partially Product Quality has no significant effect on purchasing decisions for Mitsubishi cars in PT. Sardana Indah Berlian Motor Medan. Testing the hypothesis partially obtained the value of tcount -0.062 < 1.987 and the significance obtained is 0.951 > 0.05, meaning that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected, namely partially Service Quality has no significant effect on purchasing decisions for Mitsubishi cars in PT. Sardana Indah Berlian Motor Medan. Testing the hypothesis partially obtained the value of tcount -0.91 <1.987 and the significance obtained is 0.928> 0.05, meaning that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected that is partially the price has no significant effect on purchasing decisions for Mitsubishi cars in PT. Sardana Indah Berlian Motor Medan. The results of the simultaneous test are Fcount = 0.168 < Ftable 2.71 and the significance probability is 0.918 > 0.05. It can be concluded that H0 is accepted and Ha is rejected, namely simultaneously Product Quality, Service Quality and Price have no significant effect on the Mitsubishi Car Purchase Decision variable in PT. Sardana Indah Berlian Motor Medan.
REDUCTION OF ACEH'S INCOME INEQUALITY BY THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE FISHERIES, AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY SECTORS
Authors: Naufal Agus , Rindayati Wiwiek
Published: March 2022

The aimed of this study is to determine the dynamics of income inequality in Aceh and the role of the fisheries, agriculture and forestry sector (FAF) in reducing income inequality in Aceh. The method used to find income inequality using the Williamson index, while to find the role of the FAF sector in reducing income inequality is to compare the Williamson index by including the FAF sector and without including the FAF sector. The results of the analysis show that there has been a dynamic of regional income inequality in Aceh which is decreasing. After the analysis, it is seen that income inequality will increase if the GDP of the FAF sector is excluded from the count. These results are reinforced by the results of the analysis of a strong negative correlation between GRDP of the FAF sector and the Inequality Index, which means that an increase in the contribution of the FAF sector will reduce the income inequality that occurs. The two-mean paired test also strengthens the evidence that the Inequality Index by including the FAF sector GRDP in the calculation is smaller than the Inequality Index without including the FAF sector GRDP.
« Cette occasion d’idolâtrie » : le destin des lieux sacrés Anishinaabe en contexte colonial / « This Opportunity for Idolatry » : the Fate of Anishinaabe Sacred Places in a Colonial Context
Authors: Zawadzka Dagmara
Published: March 2022

Les sites sacrés Anishinaabe recoupent aussi bien des montagnes que des sites où les «personnes autres qu’humaines » peuvent être contactées par des humains. Ces lieux, souvent vénérés de nos jours par des autochtones traditionalistes, ont subi un traitement défavorable : ils ont été réappropriés, vandalisés et détruits. Cet article donne un aperçu historique (xviie-xxie siècle) du destin des sites sacrés Anishinaabe et propose que les préjugés des colons et les visions du monde différentes sont des sources du mépris envers ces lieux. L’article se termine par une discussion des projets de valorisation de patrimoine récents qui promeuvent la reconnaissance de ces sites sacrés.
The Role of Peritoneal Dialysis in Different Phases of Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Gardezi Ali I. , Aziz Fahad , Parajuli Sandesh
Published: March 2022

The utilization of peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been increasing in the past decade owing to various government initiatives and recognition of benefits such as better preservation of residual renal function, quality of life, and lower cost. The Advancing American Kidney Health initiative aims to increase the utilization of home therapies such as PD and kidney transplantation to treat end stage kidney disease (ESKD). A natural consequence of this development is that more patients will receive PD, and many will eventually undergo kidney transplantation. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of pretransplant PD on posttransplant outcomes such as delayed graft function (DGF), rejection, thrombosis, graft, and patient survival. Furthermore, some of these patients may develop DGF, which raises the question of the utility of PD during DGF and its risks. Although transplant is the best renal replacement therapy option, it is not everlasting, and many transplant recipients must go on dialysis after allograft failure. Can PD be a good option for these patients? This is another critical question. Furthermore, a significant proportion of nonrenal solid organ transplant recipients develop ESKD. Is PD feasible in this group? In this review, we try to address all of these questions in the light of available evidence.
International Icodextrin Use and Association with Peritoneal Membrane Function, Fluid Removal, Patient and Technique Survival
Authors: Davies Simon , Zhao Junhui , McCullough Keith P. , Kim Yong-Lim , Wang Angela Yee-Moon , Badve Sunil V. , Mehrotra Rajnish , Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Kawanishi Hideki , Robinson Bruce , Pisoni Ronald , Perl Jeffrey ,   on behalf of PDOPPS Dialysis Prescription and Fluid Management Working Group
Published: March 2022

Key Points

There are important national and center differences in the prescription of icodextrin, with the United States a clear outlier; across all countries, icodextrin was more likely to be used if membrane function tests indicated reduced ultrafiltration capacity to glucose.

This large, international observational study was unable to show patient or hemodialysis transfer advantages to icodextrin use.

Where use of icodextrin was low, this was compensated for by much greater use of high glucose and overall higher ultrafiltration volumes at each level of urine volume; this practice may confound associations between icodextrin and survival outcomes.

Background

Icodextrin has been shown in randomized controlled trials to benefit fluid management in peritoneal dialysis (PD). We describe international icodextrin prescription practices and their relationship to clinical outcomes.

Methods

We analyzed data from the prospective, international PDOPPS, from Australia/New Zealand, Canada, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Membrane function and 24-hour ultrafiltration according to icodextrin and glucose prescription was determined at baseline. Using an instrumental variable approach, Cox regression, stratified by country, was used to determine any association of icodextrin use to death and permanent transfer to hemodialysis (HDT), adjusted for demographics, comorbidities, serum albumin, urine volume, transplant waitlist status, PD modality, center size, and study phase.

Results

Icodextrin was prescribed in 1986 (35%) of 5617 patients, >43% of patients in all countries, except in the United States, where it was only used in 17% and associated with a far greater use of hypertonic glucose. Patients on icodextrin had more coronary artery disease and diabetes, longer dialysis vintage, lower residual kidney function, faster peritoneal solute transfer rates, and lower ultrafiltration capacity. Prescriptions with or without icodextrin achieved equivalent ultrafiltration (median 750 ml/d [interquartile range 300–1345 ml/d] versus 765 ml/d [251–1345 ml/d]). Icodextrin use was not associated with mortality (HR=1.03; 95% CI, 0.72 to 1.48) or HDT (HR 1.2; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.57).

Conclusions

There are large national and center differences in icodextrin prescription, with the United States using significantly less. Icodextrin was associated with hypertonic glucose avoidance but equivalent ultrafiltration, which may affect any potential survival advantage or HDT.
Tolkappiyam in Comparative Perspective - Purapporul Venbamaalai Vetchi Thinai
Authors: K Sivamani
Published: March 2022

This article compares grammatical descriptions of Tolkappiyar and Iyanarithanaar about Vetchi Thinai. It compares the descriptions about vetchi thinai and its Thuraigal told in Puraththinaiyiyal of Tholkappiyam with PurapporuL venbaa maalai. Vadavenkadam Tenkumari Aidai Tamilkorum Nallulakam Accepted Grammar Nool Tolkappiyam. Tolkappier, who divided semantics into writing and word, clearly defined dualistic grammar when defining his semantics. Due to the lack of internal and external departments, the external sector also became weak. They are Vetchi, Vanji, Uzhinai, Thumbai, Vagai, Kanchi, Padan. Among these, he has made a cut for kurinchi, a snare for the umbilical cord, a thump for weaving for medicine, a kanji for milk and a kanji for peruntinai. This article presents some of the similarities between the two departments found in both texts.
Palai Thinai Section of Sangam Songs
Authors: K Saravanapandi
Published: March 2022

Messages about the subjective division of the desert abound in the Sangam songs. The division of the desert is two-dimensional perceptual thinking. In both cases there is a complete digestive tract, with sectarian distress prevailing. In these types of lands, the division head occurs as a component between the head. The section of desert is present in all types of lands. The article explains that division is the basis of five types of land and that division is the basis of a major classification in sangam songs. The article is aimed at explaining how the nature of the desert land and the nature of the Pulapattu transcend the perceptual norm when approached except as a division in the Sangam songs
Rama Ravana Battle Scenes in Tamil Temple Sculptures
Authors: S Jeyashree
Published: March 2022

The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are immortal epics that are the treasury of Indian culture. Both epics convey the values and ideals that people need. The Ramayana written in the Northern language by Valmiki is in some way the source for other Indian language Ramayanas. Kambana in Tamil and Konaputharetti in Telugu have composed Kambaramayana and Iranganatha Ramayana respectively. Sculptures can be found in the temples of Tamil Nadu including these three language Ramayanas. Thus, it is possible to realize that literature and art are interrelated. Many of the Alvars in the Vaishnava literary four-thousandth Prabhupada exemplify the message of Ramavatara. Among the Alvars, Kulasekara gives the Ramavatara reference. References to the Ramayana are also baked into vegetarian literature. The Ashoka Pillar of the Mauryan period is the beginning of the stone sculpture. Horoscope Ramayana messages in India are inscribed on Buddhist monuments. Although Rama, Krishna and Narasimhan are notable among the three incarnations of the Vaishnava deity Thirumal in Tamil Nadu, the influence on the Ramayana is due to the large number of sculptures about Rama. The Vedic Cholas in Tamil Nadu have created Vaishnava Ramayana sculptures in their temples. The influence of Vaishnavism was greatest during the Vijayanagara Nayak period following the Chola period. The Vijayanagara Nayaks built roundabouts, planes, towers, etc., along with the foundations of the temple. Of these, sculptures were placed on stones and sutas. Ravanavatha is featured in the war to fulfill the purpose of Ramavatar. The battle of Rama Ravana and Ravanavatha can be seen in the temples of Tamil Nadu as sculptures of this event.
Kontribusi Penanganan Bencana Covid-19 oleh Muhammadiyah Disaster Management Center di Indonesia
Authors: Alfaris Ardi
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini membahas kontribusi Muhammadiyah dalam penanganan Covid-19, khususnya MDMC sebagai eksekutor di lapangan. Masalah penelitian yang akan dibahas adalah bagaimana peran MDMC sebagai Organisasi non-Pemerintah (NGO) dalam keikutsertaan penanganan Covid-19 di Indonesia. metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa kajian pustaka yang bersumber dari media lokal dan nasional juga jurnal dan artikel yang mengulas peran MDMC dalam penanganan Covid-19. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan MDMC sebagai NGO telah melakukan penanggulangan bencana alam dengan berbagai usah yang dilakukan dan telah diterima dan dirasakan oleh masyarakat. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini agar MDMC dapat meningkatkan kapasitas agar dapat memberikan yang lebih baik untuk masyarakat
Analisis Kesiapan Digitalisasi Sekolah Jenjang SMP di Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat
Authors: Hasanuddin Hasanuddin , Puryadi Puryadi , Jayadi Agus
Published: March 2022

Pesatnya perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi, membawa dampak besar bagi pelaksanaan pendidikan khususnya di Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat. Sekolah-sekolah dituntut untuk beradaptasi dan menyiapkan diri menuju digitalisasi sekolah yang merupakan program prioritas dari Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesiapan digitalisasi sekolah untuk jenjang Sekolah Menengah Pertama di Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dan kuantitatif. Adapun variabel yang diukur merupakan faktor kesiapan digitalisasi sekolah meliputi faktor kesiapan infrastruktur, faktor kesiapan guru serta faktor kesiapan siswa. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh skor rata-rata 3.60 dari skala 1 – 5 (kategori Siap dengan sedikit perbaikan). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah sekolah-sekolah di Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat khususnya jenjang SMP telah siap untuk menerapkan digitalisasi sekolah dengan beberapa hal yang perlu ditingkatkan. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi pemerintah daerah Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat untuk menyusun kebijakan terkait penerapan digitalisasi sekolah.
Analisis Akuntabilitas Kinerja Instansi Pemerintah Kota Baubau (Studi Kasus pada Inspektorat Daerah Kota Baubau)
Authors: Pratiwi Endang Tri , Mahmuda Dewi , Malik Ernawati
Published: March 2022

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui interpretasi tentang akuntabilitas kinerja instansi pemerintah dan untuk mendeteksi tindak lanjut terhadap temuan kinerja sebagai bentuk akuntabilitas kinerja pada Pemerintah Kota Baubau. Penelitian ini terklasifikasi pada penelitian kualitatif melalui pendekatan studi kasus. Penghimpunan data berasal dari kegiatan dokumentasi dan interview. Interview secara eksplisit dilakukan pada dua informan untuk mengetahui bagaimana interpretasi akuntabilitas kinerja oleh Satuan Kerja Perangkat Daerah (SKPD) di Pemerintah Kota Baubau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masih terdapat SKPD di lingkungan Pemerintah Kota Baubau yang belum memahami konsep pertanggungjawaban kinerja. Selain itu, masih ditemukannya beberapa permasalahan dalam pelaporan kinerja dan capaian kinerja yakni keterbatasan sumber daya manusia khususnya APIP baik dari segi kuantitas maupun kualitas serta perlunya peningkatan sistem pengendalian intern pada level yang lebih baik sebagai jaminan sistem pengendalian intern yang dapat menekan angka penyimpangan. Kondisi ini memicu evaluasi Laporan Pertanggungjawaban Kinerja instansi Pemerintah (LAKIP) Kota Baubau memperoleh nilai “CC”.
Dinamika Maslahat dalam Kewarisan Islam
Authors: Ritonga Raja , Muda Andri , Tambunan Jannus , Akhyar Akhyar
Published: March 2022

Masalah waris sangat urgen dalam ajaran islam, sebab di antara tujuan kewarisan islam adalah memberikan hak-hak para ahli waris sesuai dengan porsinya. Karena itu peralihan hak dari pewaris kepada ahli waris menjadi pembahasan yang sangat serius. Sebagian rumus baku dalam kewarisan islam dapat berubah sesuai dengan konteks yang ada. Kajian ini akan menguraikan dinamisasi maslahat kewarisan dalam ajaran islam, sedangkan metode yang digunakan adalah studi kepustakaan. Dalam pengumpulan data-datanya dilakukan melalui sejumlah penelusuran pada kitab-kitab dan karya ilmiah lainnya yang relevan dengan tema penelitian. Kemudian seluruh data-data dianalisis dalam bentuk deskriptif. Adapun hasil temuan dalam kajian ini adalah bahwa proses kewarisan dalam islam banyak dipengaruhi sejumlah tujuan syariat islam dan lebih didominasi oleh pertimbangan dhoruriyah ketimbang tahsiniyah dan hajiyah. Sehingga nilai-nilai kewarisan yang diterapkan akan berdampak kepada asfek hifzu an-nafs, hifzu  al-mal dan hifzu al-‘ird wa an-nasal.
Analisis Kandungan Biodiesel Hasil Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Jelantah Berdasarkan Perbedaan Kosentrasi Katalis NaOH Menggunakan GC-MS
Authors: Mukminin Amirul , Megawati Eka , Warsa I Ketut , Yuniarti Yuniarti , Umaro Wildan Azizul , Islamiati Dian
Published: March 2022

Pada penelitian ini telah diteliti pengaruh % konsentrasi massa katalis NaOH terhadap produksi metil ester (biodiesel) melalui transterifikasi minyak goreng bekas (minyak jelantah) dan metanol. Hasil tertinggi ditemukan pada katalis NaOH 0,6% dengan rendemen 85%. Sedangkan untuk penggunaan katalis NaOH 0,4; 0,5; dan 0,7% massa katalis  adalah masing-masing 65,5%, 67,8% dan 72%. Instrumen Gas Chromatography (GC) dan Mass Spectrocopy (MS) telah mampu mendeskripsikan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif kandungan biodiesel sintetik. Analisis GC-MS telah mengidentifikasi 3 puncak yang memiliki nilai area lebih tinggi dari 14 puncak yang terdeteksi sebagai metil ester asam lemak. Hasil kromatogram deteksi GC-MS menunjukkan bahwa 3 puncak tertinggi adalah pada   puncak ke 7 yaitu metil oleat, luas area 55,47 % dan waktu retensi 17,967 menit; puncak ke 4 adalah metil palmitat dengan luas 36,66% dan waktu retensi 16,127 menit; dan puncak ke 8 adalah metil stearat dengan luas 4,41% dan waktu retensi 18,101 menit. Sementara itu, puncak 2 adalah metil mersitat dengan luas area hanya 1,15%.
Problematika Pembelajaran Daring (Online) Selama Pandemi Covid-19 di Jurusan Analis Kesehatan Poltekkes Kemenkes Semarang
Authors: Riadi Ahmad , Widodo Widodo , Purlinda Devi Etevia
Published: March 2022

Pandemi COVID-19 menybabkan banyak permasalahan dalam tatanan social termasuk dalam dunia pendidikan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui problematika pembeljaran daring(online) di jurusan Analis Kesehatan Poltekkes kemenkes Semarang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif studi kasus dengan data penelitian diambil secara observasi partispan ,focus group discussion dan dokumentasi.Peneitian ini berlangsung pada bulan Mei-Juli 2021.. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tiga problem utama yang dihadapi yakni problematika dari aspek media teknologi pembelajaran daring,dosen dan tendik serta mahasiswa. Problematika dari aspek media teknologi daring yakni akses internet harus memadai unutk mengaksesnya,sulit untuk digunakan praktek laboratorium,serta terbatas adanya trouble pada media. Problematika dari aspek tenaga dosen dan kependidikan yaitu kompetensi penggunaan media yang masih kurang,tidak efektif dalam penilaian attitude karena interaksi kurang,. Problematika dari aspek mahasiswa yaitu biaya kuota internet karena subsidi terbatas,skill praktikum kurang,kurang interaksi dengan kawan,pasif kurang kreatif serta jenuh stress dan mengalami kecemasan.
Control and management of pain in pediatric nursing
Authors: Pincay-Pin Virginia Esmeralda , Mastarreno-Cedeño Mónica Patricia , Briones-Mera Ángela Rosa , Ponce-Lino Leonela Lissett
Published: March 2022

El objetivo general de la investigación fue realizar un análisis sobre el control y el manejo del dolor en enfermería pediátrica. Se apoyó en la metodología cuantitativa, desde el paradigma positivista, en virtud de que se obtuvieron datos descriptivos desde la recolección de información con el uso del método documental-bibliográfico, analizando artículos arbitrados, tesis y documentos, lo que permitió el desarrollo del cuerpo teórico relacionado al tema de estudio. Se concluye, que el control, el manejo del dolor en enfermería pediátrica, es una acción que el personal de salud gestiona diariamente en los centros de salud con el fin de brindar una atención integral a los niños que asisten en busca de cuidados. El profesional de enfermería debe manejar las orientaciones y escalas para la certificación de dolor y así mejorar los procedimientos para disminuir los dolores en pacientes menores, de los diferentes servicios que presta el sistema de salud.