bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cigarette smoking, use of other tobacco products and stomach cancer mortality in US adults: The Cancer Prevention Study II
Authors: Chao Ann , Thun Michael J. , Henley S. Jane , Jacobs Eric J. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Calle Eugenia E.
Published: October 2002

Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of stomach cancer in many studies but there are limited data on this relationship in women and on risk associated with use of tobacco products other than cigarettes. We examined stomach cancer death rates in relation to cigarette smoking in women and use of cigarette, cigar, pipe, or smokeless tobacco in men in a nationwide prospective mortality study in the United States (US). Cohort follow‐up from 1982–96 identified 996 and 509 stomach cancer deaths among 467,788 men and 588,053 women, respectively. Cox proportional hazards models were fitted to estimate rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using non‐users of tobacco as the referent group. Multivariate‐adjusted RRs were the highest for men who currently smoked cigars (RR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.49–3.51) or cigarettes (RR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.75–2.67) and both increased with smoking duration. Women who currently (RR = 1.49, 95% CI = 1.18–1.88) or formerly (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.08–1.71) smoked cigarettes were at significantly increased risk, as were men who formerly smoked cigarettes (RR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.28–1.88), or currently (RR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.40–2.35) or formerly (RR: 1.57, 95% CI = 1.22–2.03) used more than one type of tobacco. Men who reported a history of chronic indigestion or gastroduodenal ulcer had substantially higher mortality rates associated with current cigarette (RR = 3.45, 95% CI = 2.05–5.80) or cigar (RR = 8.93, 95% CI = 4.02–19.90) smoking, as did men who were current aspirin users. If causal, the estimated proportion of stomach cancer deaths attributable to tobacco use would be 28% in US men and 14% in women. We conclude that prolonged use of tobacco products is associated with increased stomach cancer mortality in men and women. The accumulated evidence from this and other studies support reconsidering stomach cancer as a tobacco‐related cancer. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacological studies of RGTA11, a heparan sulfate mimetic polymer, efficient on muscle regeneration
Authors: Meddahi Anne , Brée Françoise , Papy‐Garcia Dulce , Gautron Jean , Barritault Denis , Caruelle Jean‐Pierre
Published: October 2002

RGTA is a family of chemically modified polymers that have been engineered to mimic the properties of heparan sulfates towards heparin binding growth factors. In vivo, RGTA stimulated tissue repair and protection when injected at the site of an injury. These properties have been reported in various models, suggesting a potential interest for therapeutic uses as a general tissue repair agent. We have focused our interest on RGTA11, a dextran derivative that was shown to enhance, after a unique and local administration, muscle regeneration after total crushing. We first show that a single RGTA11 systemic administration can be as efficient as a local injection for stimulating muscle regeneration. Using an H3‐labeled RGTA11 we have measured some pharmacokinetic parameters. Distribution volume was 51.81 mL, clearance was about 2 mL/min, and half‐life was 94 min, giving a total elimination time of 11 h. We also demonstrate that RGTA11 remains detectable in the body only after tissue injury. It was detected by autoradiography in the crushed muscle just after injury and remained at least for a week. These results provide a rational explanation for the long lasting effect of a single local or systemic injection of RGTA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 62: 525–531, 2002
A novel parallel algorithm for large‐scale Fock matrix construction with small locally distributed memory architectures: RT parallel algorithm
Authors: Takashima Hajime , Yamada So , Obara Shigeru , Kitamura Kunihiro , Inabata Shinjiro , Miyakawa Nobuaki , Tanabe Kazutoshi , Nagashima Umpei
Published: October 2002

We developed a novel parallel algorithm for large‐scale Fock matrix calculation with small locally distributed memory architectures, and named it the “RT parallel algorithm.” The RT parallel algorithm actively involves the concept of integral screening, which is indispensable for reduction of computing times with large‐scale biological molecules. The primary characteristic of this algorithm is parallel efficiency, which is achieved by well‐balanced reduction of both communicating and computing volume. Only the density matrix data necessary for Fock matrix calculations are communicated, and the data once communicated are reutilized for calculations as many times as possible. The RT parallel algorithm is a scalable method because required memory volume does not depend on the number of basis functions. This algorithm automatically includes a partial summing technique that is indispensable for maintaining computing accuracy, and can also include some conventional methods to reduce calculation times. In our analysis, the RT parallel algorithm had better performance than other methods for massively parallel processors. The RT parallel algorithm is most suitable for massively parallel and distributed Fock matrix calculations for large‐scale biological molecules with more than thousands of basis functions. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 23: 1337–1346, 2002
Myotonic dystrophy protein kinase of the cardiac muscle: Evaluation using an immunochemical approach
Authors: Schiavon Giorgia , Furlan Sandra , Marin Oriano , Salvatori Sergio
Published: October 2002

Myotonic dystrophy (DM) is an inherited multisystem disorder characterized by the presence of a high polymorphic expansion of trinucleotide (CTG) repeat in the 3′ untranslated region of the DM protein kinase (DMPK) gene. However, the role of myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) has yet to be elucidated. Studies aimed to discover possible physiological targets of DMPK indicated several subcellular localization sites, such as neuromuscular junctions, myotendinous junctions, and terminal cisternae of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the skeletal muscle and intercalated discs in the cardiac muscle. Here, we extend our previous observations on the localization of DMPK at gap junction (GJ) level in the heart, taking advantage of the polyclonal peptide‐specific anti‐DMPK antibodies raised against two different domains of the protein. DMPK was detected by immunofluorescence at the intercalated disc level by both antibodies. Double immunofluorescence staining experiments performed with each anti‐DMPK and anti‐connexin43 showed colocalization of the two antigens. Immunoblot analysis of partially purified GJs showed co‐sedimentation of DMPK and connexin43. We conclude that GJs are a genuine localization site of DMPK. Given the known regulation exerted by protein kinases on assembly, trafficking, gating, and disassembly of connexins, such a localization may be relevant to the functional role of connexins. DM is the most common muscular dystrophy in adults, and is known by the cardiac involvement that is a common feature in DM patients. Localization of DMPK at GJ in relation to DM is also briefly discussed. Microsc. Res. Tech. 58:404–411, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adeno‐cosmid cloning vectors for regulated gene expression
Authors: Giampaoli Saverio , Nicolaus Giancarlo , Delmastro Paola , Cortese Riccardo
Published: October 2002

Background

Adenovectors are widely used for efficient delivery of genes into a variety of cell types and organisms. However, the construction of the desired vector/genes combination, especially if it involves the cloning of several gene cassettes, can be laborious due to the large size of these vectors. New methods are needed to simplify the construction of complex combinations of gene cassettes into adenovectors.

Methods

Using simple cloning techniques and exploiting the λ‐phage packaging system, we devised efficient methods for the ‘selection’ of the desired vector constructs. Thus we generated a series of cosmids containing the adeno helper dependent (HD) backbone in which we inserted cis‐ and trans‐acting tetracycline (tet) elements for the regulation of any gene of interest. One of these cosmids has been used to produce an HD adenovirus carrying a tetracycline‐regulated gene expressing β‐galactosidase.

Results

We have demonstrated that the adeno‐cosmid system allows rapid and efficient cloning of genes of interest in helper dependent vectors, and described a prototype ‘ready‐to‐use’ vector in which any gene of interest can be easily expressed under the control of the tet system. The HD viruses produced with this novel methodology can be grown at high titers, can be easily separated from the helper adenovirus, and allow delivery and regulated gene expression in a variety of tissues.

Conclusions

Exploiting the λ‐packaging system, complex adeno constructs can be generated with a simple and reproducible protocol, which allows selection of the desired size construct, counterselecting for the frequently observed intramolecular recombinations and deletions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Comparative study of retinal effects from continuous wave and femtosecond mode‐locked lasers
Authors: Thomas Robert J. , Noojin Gary D. , Stolarski David J. , Hall Rebecca T. , Cain Clarence P. , Toth Cynthia A. , Rockwell Benjamin A.
Published: October 2002

Background and Objectives

In order to provide a direct comparison of the effects of mode‐locked systems to those with continuous‐wave (CW) or nonpulsed output, we have performed an experiment with lasers possessing otherwise identical output characteristics. This in vivo minimum visible lesion study compares retinal effects of mode‐locked and CW lasers complete with histopathology of the treated areas.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Titanium:Sapphire lasers produced 800‐nm output for either mode‐locked (76 MHz repetition rate, 120 femtoseconds) or CW exposures. Alternating CW and mode‐locked laser exposures were delivered to the paramacular retinal region of rhesus subjects. Laser exposure duration was set to one‐quarter second for both types of exposures. Through ophthalmoscopic examination of the fundus, a minimal visible lesion (MVL) threshold for damage was established.

Results

Approximately 75 test sites for each type of exposure were examined. The laser dosage thresholds and 95% confidence intervals for minimal visible damage at 24 hours postexposure were found to be 5.9 mJ (5.23–6.6 mJ) and 5.84 mJ (5.23–6.58 mJ) for mode‐locked and CW exposures, respectively.

Conclusions

Results are compared with published studies conducted at similar exposures. These nearly identical damage thresholds indicate a primarily thermal tissue damage mechanism. Comparative histopathology of acute and chronic lesions of both exposure types is also presented. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:9–17, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Photothermal time‐resolved imaging of living cells
Authors: Lapotko Dmitri O. , Romanovskaya Tat'yana R. , Shnip Alexander , Zharov Vladimir P.
Published: October 2002

Background and Objectives

Thermal effects of laser radiation at cell level play very important role in cell functioning and in many laser applications. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new method of photothermal imaging (PTI) for monitoring short‐time nano‐scale thermal effects in individual living cells.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

PTI is based on the irradiation of a cell with a short laser pump pulse (8 nanoseconds, 532 nm) and on registration of the laser‐induced local thermal effects using time‐resolved phase‐contrast imaging with a pulsed probe laser.

Results

PT images of lymphocytes, lympholeukemia cells in vitro were obtained at different laser energies. PTI in time‐resolved mode allowed visualizing the structures with size less than diffraction limit (90‐nm liposomes). The photodamage process was visualized for a single human leukocyte in suspension.

Conclusions

PTI in non‐invasive mode offered better contrast of living cell image than conventional optical phase‐contrast microscopy. The data obtained showed that PTI is in perspective for studies of live non‐fluorescent cells. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:53–63, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mechanism of water augmentation during IR laser ablation of dental enamel
Authors: Fried Daniel , Ashouri Nahal , Breunig Thomas , Shori Ramesh
Published: October 2002

Background and Objectives

The mechanism of water augmentation during IR laser ablation of dental hard tissues is controversial and poorly understood. The influence of an optically thick applied water layer on the laser ablation of enamel was investigated at wavelengths in which water is a primary absorber and the magnitude of absorption varies markedly.

Study Design/Materials and Methods

Q‐switched and free running Er: YSGG (2.79 μm) and Er:YAG (2.94 μm), free running Ho:YAG and 9.6 μm TEA CO2laser systems were used to produce linear incisions in dental enamel with and without water. Synchrotron‐radiation IR spectromicroscopy with the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory was used to determine the chemical changes across the laser ablation profiles with a spatial resolution of 10‐μm.

Results

The addition of water increased the rate of ablation and produced a more desirable surface morphology during enamel ablation with all the erbium systems. Moreover, ablation was markedly more efficient for Q‐switched (0.15 microsecond) versus free‐running (150 microsecond) erbium laser pulses with the added water layer. Although the addition of a thick water layer reduced the rate of ablation during CO2laser ablation, the addition of the water removed undesirable deposits of non‐apatite mineral phases from the crater surface. IR spectromicroscopy indicates that the chemical composition of the crater walls deviates markedly from that of hydroxyapatite after Er:YAG and CO2laser irradiation without added water. New mineral phases were resolved that have not been previously observed using conventional IR spectroscopy. There was extensive peripheral damage after irradiation with the Ho:YAG laser with and without added water without effective ablation of enamel.

Conclusions

We postulate that condensed mineral phases from the plume are deposited along the crater walls after repetitive laser pulses and such non‐apatitic phases interfere with subsequent laser pulses during IR laser irradiation reducing the rate and efficiency of ablation. The ablative recoil associated with the displacement and vaporization of the applied water layer removes such loosely adherent phases maintaining efficient ablation during multiple pulse irradiation. Lasers Surg. Med. 31:186–193, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Centrosome dynamics and inheritance in related sexual and parthenogenetic Bacillus (Insecta Phasmatodea)
Authors: Marescalchi Ombretta , Zauli Cristina , Scali Valerio
Published: October 2002

In animals, some general features of centrosome dynamics and inheritance have been widely recognized. The most acknowledged model assigns to sperm the contribution of a centriole to the fertilized egg, which in turn provides the pericentriolar materials, including γ‐tubulin, recruiting them from the cytoplasm: the main zygote microtubule organizing center (MTOC) is thus reconstituted to organize first the spermaster and then the full first embryonic spindle. Obviously the model cannot apply to parthenogenetic systems, which actually rely on egg components alone. In stick insects of the Bacillus genus, the spindle of both somatic and germ cells is clearly anastral, therefore we have been investigating their centrosome in sexual and parthenogenetic taxa by analyzing its component dynamics and transmission through the use of monoclonal β‐ and γ‐tubulin antibodies and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It has been shown that in sexually reproducing species the spermatozoon does not contribute the centriole, so that the egg wholly provides the MTOC and the ensuing anastral spindle of the embryo: MTs appear to derive from pronuclear chromatin surroundings and no asters are observed. The parthenogenetic embryo development is the same as the sexual one if syngamy is excepted. The parthenogenetic mechanism realized by these panoistic insects appears to differ from that observed in the meroistic hymenopteran and drosophilid species, where the embryo spindle derives from asters formed in the egg cortex. In stick insects, the lack of sperm contribution to embryonic centrosome appears to be a major trait accounting for the widespread occurrence of facultative and obligate parthenogenesis within the order. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 63: 89–95, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biochemical and morphological effects of bladder pumping on the urinary bladder in rats
Authors: Sugaya Kimio , Nishijima Saori , Hatano Tadashi , Ogawa Yoshihide , Kudo Takamasa , Nishizawa Osamu
Published: October 2002

Aims

To study the influence of bladder pumping on the urinary bladder in 44 female rats.

Methods

Under halothane anesthesia, a urethral catheter was inserted into the bladder of 27 rats, and air (0.4–0.8 mL) was pumped in and out of the bladder at 0.5 cycles/second for a period of 5 minutes. Twenty‐four hours after pumping, the bladder was harvested for measurement of the tissue levels of myosin, actin, and nerve growth factor, as well as for electron microscopy. In nine of the 27 rats, cystometry was performed without anesthesia before and 1, 7, 30, and 90 days after bladder pumping. The remaining 17 rats that did not undergo pumping were anesthetized and their bladders were harvested as a control.

Results

Bladder pumping increased the bladder capacity and decreased the maximum bladder contraction pressure, but did not increase the residual volume. Bladder pumping also increased the tissue level of nerve growth factor and decreased the levels of myosin and actin. Electron microscopy showed degeneration of bladder smooth muscle cells and nerve fibers after bladder pumping, as well as derangement and disruption of collagen fiber bundles in the bladder wall. These functional and morphological effects of pumping disappeared within 90 days.

Conclusions

Bladder pumping therapy appears to have various effects on the bladder wall collagen fiber bundles, smooth muscle cells, and nerves. Neurourol. Urodynam. 21:511–515, 2002. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Home environmental modification strategies used by caregivers of elders
Authors: Messecar Deborah C. , Archbold Patricia G. , Stewart Barbara J. , Kirschling Jane
Published: October 2002

Although several definitions and categorizations of home environmental modification strategies exist, previous researchers have not addressed whether the conceptualizations developed by clinicians and researchers match the way families think about how they modify the home environment in order to provide care to frail elders. The aim of the analysis reported here was to describe, from the family's perspective, the home environmental modification strategies that they use. Twenty‐four caregivers of community‐dwelling elders with a variety of impairments were interviewed. Seventeen families provided guided tours of the elder's home and allowed selected observation of some caregiving activities. Forty‐four modification strategies were identified and categorized into one of seven home environmental modification purposes: organizing the home, supplementing the elder's function, structuring the elder's day, protecting the elder, working around limitations or deficits in the home environment, enriching the home environment, and transitioning to a new home setting. More research is needed on the processes families use to generate and refine the home environmental modification strategies identified in this study. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 25:357–370, 2002
Exercise participation after diagnosis of breast cancer: trends and effects on mood and quality of life
Authors: Pinto Bernardine M. , Trunzo Joseph J. , Reiss Philip , Shiu Shang‐Ying
Published: October 2002

Individuals treated for cancer often experience higher levels of emotional distress than the general population. Previous research has shown that exercise can have an ameliorating effect on these problems. This 12‐month prospective longitudinal study investigated mood, quality of life, cancer‐related symptoms, and exercise behavior of 69 women who had completed treatment for Stage 0–2 breast cancer. We studied the natural progression of exercise participation after cancer treatment. Effects on mood, quality of life, and cancer‐related symptoms were assessed after controlling for demographic variables, disease variables, social support, and baseline values to test the hypothesis that women who exercised were more likely to report better mood, higher quality of life, and fewer cancer‐related symptoms. Results indicated that women did not increase their exercise participation over time and that overall mean minutes of exercise participation were below recommended levels. Baseline demographic predictors of exercise participation included younger age, having a spouse or partner, increased time since diagnosis, higher social support, and higher depression. Exercise participation was associated with improved physical functioning, but not overall mood or cancer‐related symptoms. We discuss implications of these findings towards the well‐being of breast cancer survivors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solution structure of nociceptin peptides
Authors: Amodeo Pietro , Guerrini Remo , Picone Delia , Salvadori Severo , Spadaccini Roberta , Tancredi Teodorico , Temussi Piero A.
Published: October 2002

Peptides embedded in the sequence of pre‐pro‐nociceptin, i.e. nociceptin, nocistatin and orphanin FQ2, have shed light on the complexity of the mechanisms involving the peptide hormones related to pain and have opened up new perspectives for the clinical treatment of pain. The design of new ligands with high selectivity and bioavailability, in particular for ORL1, is important both for the elucidation and control of the physiological role of the receptor and for their therapeutic importance. The failure to obtain agonists and antagonists when using, for nociceptin, the same substitutions that are successful for opioids, and the conformational flexibility of them all, justify systematic efforts to study the solution conformation under conditions as close as possible to their natural environment. Structural studies of linear peptides in solution are hampered by their high flexibility. A direct structural study of the complex between a peptide and its receptor would overcome this difficulty, but such a study is not easy since opioid receptors are membrane proteins. Thus, conformational studies of lead peptides in solution are still important for drug design. This review deals with conformational studies of natural pre‐nociceptin peptides in several solvents that mimic in part the different environments in which the peptides exert their action. None of the structural investigations yielded a completely reliable bioactive conformation, but the global conformation of the peptides in biomimetic environments can shed light on their interaction with receptors. Copyright © 2002 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atmospheric pressure laser desorption/ionization on porous silicon
Authors: Laiko Victor V. , Taranenko Nelli I. , Berkout Vadym D. , Musselman Brian D. , Doroshenko Vladimir M.
Published: October 2002

A recently developed commercial atmospheric pressure matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (AP‐MALDI) source (MassTech, Inc.) was modified to adopt commercially available DIOS plates (Mass Consortium Corp.) for the studies of laser desorption from the surface of porous silicon under atmospheric pressure conditions. The feasibility of atmospheric pressure laser desorption/ionization from the surface of porous silicon (AP‐DIOS) was demonstrated. The advantages of this new AP‐DIOS technique include reasonably good sensitivity (subpicomole range for standard peptide mixtures), simplicity of sample preparation, uniformity of target spots and the absence of matrix peaks in the spectra. The AP‐DIOS source was interfaced with a commercial ion trap (LCQ Classic, Thermo Finnigan) which additionally provides a unique MSn capability. The AP‐DIOS spectrum of 250 fmol of unseparated tryptic digest of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was compared with that of AP‐MALDI for the same compound. AP‐DIOS offers significantly better coverage for the digest components in the mass range 200–1000 Da. The combined data of both techniques enabled us to nearly double the number of matched peaks in BSA digest analysis compared with AP‐DIOS or AP‐MALDI analysis separately. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graphical models for multivariate time series from intensive care monitoring
Authors: Gather Ursula , Imhoff Michael , Fried Roland
Published: October 2002

Nowadays physicians are confronted with high‐dimensional data generated by clinical information systems. The proper extraction and interpretation of the information contained in such massive data sets, which are often observed with high sampling frequencies, can hardly be done by experience only. This yields new perspectives of data recording and also sets a new challenge for statistical methodology. Recently graphical models have been developed for analysing the partial correlations between the components of multivariate time series. We apply this technique to the haemodynamic system of critically ill patients monitored in intensive care. In this way we can appraise the practical value of the new procedure by re‐identifying known associations within the haemodynamic system. From separate analyses for different pathophysiological states we can even conclude that distinct clinical states are characterized by distinct partial correlation structures. Hence, this technique seems useful for automatic statistical analysis of high‐dimensional physiological time series and it can provide new insights into physiological mechanisms. Moreover, we can use it to achieve an adequate dimension reduction of the variables needed for online monitoring at the bedside. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3 increases intracellular calcium concentrations in MCF‐7 breast carcinoma cells
Authors: Ricort Jean-Marc , Lombet Alain , Lassarre Claudine , Binoux Michel
Published: October 2002

Insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3, IGFBP‐3, specifically binds to IGFs with high affinity, but it is also capable of modulating the IGF‐I signalling pathway or inducing apoptosis independently of its binding to IGFs. The molecular mechanisms underlying the action of IGFBP‐3 have not been elucidated. In this study, we have demonstrated that binding of IGFBP‐3 to a cell surface receptor in MCF‐7 breast carcinoma cells induces a rapid and transient increase in intracellular free calcium. This increase was mediated via a pertussis toxin‐sensitive pathway, indicating that the IGFBP‐3 receptor may be specifically coupled to a Gi protein. The effect of IGFBP‐3 on calcium concentrations was dose‐dependent and also occurred when IGFBP‐3 was complexed with either IGF‐I or heparin, suggesting that the receptor binding site is probably located in the least conserved central domain of IGFBP‐3. Neither IGFBP‐1, nor IGFBP‐5 (structurally the closest to IGFBP‐3) altered intracellular calcium concentrations. These results provide evidence that a specific intracellular signal is triggered by IGFBP‐3 binding to a cell surface receptor.
Chlorophyll b inhibits the formation of photosystem I trimer in Synechocystis sp. PCC6803
Authors: Satoh Soichirou , Tanaka Ayumi
Published: October 2002

Chlorophyllide a oxygenase (CAO) catalyzes two‐step oxygenation reactions and converts chlorophyllide a to chlorophyllide b. When CAO was introduced into the Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 genome, chlorophyll b was synthesized and incorporated into P700–chlorophyll a–protein complexes. Curve analysis of photosystem I particles showed that Ca687 was decreased with a concomitant increase in Cb652 suggesting that chlorophyll b was incorporated into Ca687‐binding sites. When the level of chlorophyll b was high, Ca704, which is known as red chlorophyll and photosystem I trimers were decreased. Formation of photosystem I trimers is discussed in relation to red chlorophyll and chlorophyll b accumulation.
The integration of manufacturing and marketing/sales decisions: impact on organizational performance
Authors: O’Leary‐Kelly Scott W. , Flores Benito E.
Published: October 2002

Research in the areas of both manufacturing and marketing/sales have advocated the integration of several important interrelated decisions between the two functions (i.e. product development, process development, marketing/sales planning, and manufacturing planning decisions). The process of managing the strategic alignment between a firm’s business strategy, external environment, and the integration of manufacturing and marketing/sales decisions is very complex phenomenon that requires a level of analysis that has not occurred previously. This study examined the moderating effects of business strategy and demand uncertainty on the relationship between the integration of manufacturing and marketing/sales‐based decisions and organizational performance. The study found general support for the proposed model, suggesting that the impact of the integration of manufacturing and marketing/sales decision on organizational performance is moderated by a firm’s business strategy and demand uncertainty.
Interleukin 15 Controls both Proliferation and Survival of a Subset of Memory-Phenotype CD8+ T Cells
Authors: Judge Adam D. , Zhang Xiaohong , Fujii Hideki , Surh Charles D. , Sprent Jonathan
Published: October 2002

Previous work has shown that memory-phenotype CD44hi CD8+ cells are controlled by a cytokine, interleukin (IL)-15. However, the dependency of CD44hi CD8+ cells on IL-15 is partial rather than complete. Here, evidence is presented that CD44hi CD8+ cells comprise a mixed population of IL-15–dependent and IL-15–independent cells. The major subset of CD122hi CD44hi CD8+ cells is heavily dependent on IL-15 by three different parameters, namely (1) “bystander” proliferation induced via IFN-induced stimulation of the innate immune system, (2) normal “background” proliferation, and (3) T cell survival; IL-15 dependency is most extreme for the Ly49+ subset of CD122hi CD44hi CD8+ cells. In contrast to CD122hi cells, the CD122lo subset of CD44hi CD8+ cells is IL-15 independent; likewise, being CD122lo, CD44hi CD4+ cells are IL-15 independent. Thus, subsets of memory-phenotype T cells differ radically in their sensitivity to IL-15.
Modelling and evaluating service quality measurement using neural networks
Authors: Behara Ravi S. , Fisher Warren W. , Lemmink Jos G.A.M.
Published: October 2002

Effective measurement and analysis of service quality are an essential first step in its improvement. This paper discusses the development of neural network models for this purpose. A valid neural network model for service quality is initially developed. Customer data from a SERVQUAL survey at an auto‐dealership network in The Netherlands provide the basis for model development. Different definitions of service quality measurement are modelled using the neural network approach. The perception‐minus‐expectation model of service quality was found not to be as accurate as the perception‐only model in predicting service quality. While this is consistent with the literature, this study also shows that the more intuitively appealing but mathematically less convenient expectation‐minus‐perception model out‐performs all the other service quality measurement models. The study also provides an analytical basis for the importance of expectation in the measurement of service quality. However, the study demonstrates the need for further study before neural network models may be effectively used for sensitivity analyses involving specific dimensions of service quality.
Single extracellular vesicle surface protein‐based blood assay identifies potential biomarkers for detection and screening of five cancers
Authors: Min Yuxin , Deng Wenjiang , Yuan Huangbo , Zhu Dongliang , Zhao Renjia , Zhang Pengyan , Xue Jiangli , Yuan Ziyu , Zhang Tiejun , Jiang Yanfeng , Xu Kelin , Wu Di , Cai Yanling , Suo Chen , Chen Xingdong
Published: January 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and EV proteins are promising biomarkers for cancer liquid biopsy. Herein, we designed a case–control study involving 100 controls and 100 patients with esophageal, stomach, colorectal, liver, or lung cancer to identify common and type‐specific biomarkers of plasma‐derived EV surface proteins for the five cancers. EV surface proteins were profiled using a sequencing‐based proximity barcoding assay. In this study, five differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and eight differentially expressed protein combinations (DEPCs) showed promising performance (area under curve, AUC > 0.900) in pan‐cancer identification [e.g., TENM2 (AUC = 0.982), CD36 (AUC = 0.974), and CD36‐ITGA1 (AUC = 0.971)]. Our classification model could properly discriminate between cancer patients and controls using DEPs (AUC = 0.981) or DEPCs (AUC = 0.965). When distinguishing one cancer from the other four, the accuracy of the classification model using DEPCs (85–92%) was higher than that using DEPs (78–84%). We validated the performance in an additional 14 cancer patients and 14 controls, and achieved an AUC value of 0.786 for DEPs and 0.622 for DEPCs, highlighting the necessity to recruit a larger cohort for further validation. When clustering EVs into subpopulations, we detected cluster‐specific proteins highly expressed in immune‐related tissues. In the context of colorectal cancer, we identified heterogeneous EV clusters enriched in cancer patients, correlating with tumor initiation and progression. These findings provide epidemiological and molecular evidence for the clinical application of EV proteins in cancer prediction, while also illuminating their functional roles in cancer physiopathology.
Feasibility of using a transmission ion chamber for QA tests of medical linear accelerators
Authors: Farrokhkish Makan , Veres Andrew J. , Fong de los Santos Luis E. , DeMarco John J. , Islam Mohammad K.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To study the feasibility of using the Integral Quality Monitoring (IQM) system for routine quality assurance (QA) of photon beams.

Methods

The IQM system is a commercially available dose delivery verification tool, which consists of a spatially sensitive large area transmission ion chamber, mounted on the Linac collimator, and a calculation algorithm to predict the signals in response to radiation beams. By comparing the measured and predicted signals the system verifies the accuracy of beam delivery. The ion chamber unit is a battery powered system including a dual‐electrometer, temperature and pressure sensors, and inclinometers. The feasibility of using the IQM system for routine QA tests was investigated by measuring constancy values of beam parameters, with specially designed tests fields, and comparing them with those determined by a conventional system.

Results

The sensitivity of the beam output constancy measurements by the IQM system was found to agree with those measured by a Farmer type ion chamber placed in water phantoms to within 0.1% for typical daily output variation of ± 0.5% and ± 1%. The beam symmetry was measured with a 4 cm × 4 cm aperture at multiple off‐axis distances and was found to have a highly linear relationship with those measured in a water phantom scan for intentionally introduced asymmetry between ‐3% and +3%. The beam flatness was measured with a two‐field ratio method and was found to be linearly correlated with those measured by water phantom scan. The dosimetric equivalent of a picket fence test performed by the IQM system can serve as a constancy check of the multileaf collimator (MLC) bank positioning test.

Conclusions

The IQM system has been investigated for constancy measurements of various beam parameters for photon beams. The results suggest that the system can be used for most of the routine QA tests effectively and efficiently.
Multi‐phase failure modes and effects analysis for low dose bilateral whole lung irradiation of COVID‐19 positive patients requiring respiratory ventilation
Authors: Swanson Amanda E. , DiCostanzo Dominic J. , Gupta Nilendu , Hintenlang Kathleen , Chakravarti Arnab , Cetnar Ashley J.
Published: January 2024

Purpose

To identify high‐priority risks in a clinical trial investigating the use of radiation to alleviate COVID‐19 pneumonia using a multi‐phase failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA).

Methods

A comprehensive FMEA survey of 133 possible causes of failure was developed for the clinical trial workflow (Phase I). The occurrence, severity, and detection risk of each possible cause of failure was scored by three medical physicists. High‐risk potential failure modes were identified using the risk priority number (RPN) and severity scores, which were re‐scored by 13 participants in radiation oncology (Phase II). Phase II survey scores were evaluated to identify steps requiring possible intervention and examine risk perception patterns. The Phase II participants provided consensus scores as a group.

Results

Thirty high‐priority failure modes were selected for the Phase II survey. Strong internal consistency was shown in both surveys using Cronbach's alpha (αc ≥ 0.85). The 10 failures with the largest median RPN values concerned SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission (N = 6), wrong treatment (N = 3), and patient injury (N = 1). The median RPN was larger for COVID‐related failures than other failure types, primarily due to the perceived difficulty of failure detection. Group re‐scoring retained 8/10 of the highest‐priority risk steps that were identified in the Phase II process, and discussion revealed interpretation differences of process steps and risk evaluation. Participants who were directly involved with the trial working group had stronger agreement on severity scores than those who were not.

Conclusions

The high ranking of failures concerning SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission suggest that these steps may require additional quality management intervention when treating critically ill COVID‐19+ patients. The results also suggest that a multi‐phase FMEA survey led by a facilitator may be a useful tool for assessing risks in radiation oncology procedures, supporting future efforts to adapt FMEA to clinical procedures.
Predictors of Organ Damage in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in the Asia Pacific Region: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ramnarain Arushi , Liam Christy , Milea Dominique , Morand Eric , Kent Joanna , Kandane‐Rathnayake Rangi
Published: January 2024

Objective

Irreversible organ damage is common in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite evidence of increased prevalence and severity of SLE in Asia Pacific, organ damage is less well studied in this region. This systematic review aims to identify predictors of organ damage in SLE in the Asia Pacific region.

Methods

We searched Medline, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for observational studies on organ damage in adult patients with SLE in Asia Pacific from August 31, to September 5, 2022. Study selection and data extraction were completed by two independent reviewers using Covidence systematic review software. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and Joanna Briggs Institute tool. Significant results from univariable and multivariable analyses were synthesized from included studies.

Results

Thirty‐eight eligible studies were selected from 1999 to 2022; 22 (58%) of these reported organ damage at study enrollment and 19 (50%) reported damage accrual, as measured by the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinic/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index. Factors predictive of organ damage included older age, glucocorticoid use, longer disease duration, and disease activity. Lupus nephritis was a risk factor for renal and overall damage accrual. Hydroxychloroquine was protective against overall organ damage.

Conclusion

Predictors of organ damage in SLE in Asia Pacific are similar to other regions. Although glucocorticoid use is a modifiable risk factor for organ damage, the impact of immunosuppressives and biologic therapies needs further investigation. Effective strategies in early disease are needed to minimize initial organ damage as it predicts subsequent damage accrual.
Large Thermal Hall Effect in Spinel FeCr2$_2$S4$_4$
Authors: Zhou Xuebo , Wu Wei , Sui Yu , Yang Yi‐feng , Luo Jianlin
Published: January 2024

The thermal Hall effect (THE) is an important experimental probe of band topology and elementary excitations. Here, a large thermal Hall angle (THA) κxy/κxx ≈ 7 × 10−3 discovered so far in ferrimagnetic spinel FeCr2S4 and a large thermal Hall conductivity (κxy) discovered first in spinel structure and reaching a magnitude of at 50 K with a small magnetic field of 0.1 T are reported. These results suggest the emergence of nontrivial topological excitations in FeCr2S4. A large THA in spin caloritronics devices means that a small number of excitations can produce a large transverse signal. FeCr2S4 is therefore a potential platform for spintronics‐magnonics applications, and may enhance the knowledge of the thermal Hall effect.
Balancing the Anti‐Bacterial and Pro‐Osteogenic Properties of Ti‐Based Implants by Partial Conversion of ZnO Nanorods into Hybrid Zinc Phosphate Nanostructures
Authors: Zhao Feilong , Gao Ang , Liao Qing , Li Yanyue , Ullah Ihsan , Zhao Ya , Ren Xiaoxue , Tong Liping , Li Xin , Zheng Yudong , Chu Paul K. , Wang Huaiyu
Published: January 2024

Bacterial infection and inferior osseointegration are major complications associated with titanium (Ti) based implants. Although surface‐engineered zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods exhibit remarkable antibacterial ability, their potential biomedical applications are hampered by their pronounced cytotoxicity. Herein, inspired by the in vivo degradation process of znic, ZnO nanorods are converted into thermodynamically more stable zinc phosphate (Zn3(PO4)2 ）through a simple hydrothermal treatment in a hydrogen phosphate solution. By adjusting the conversion ratio, the surface morphology, release of zinc ions (Zn2+), and generation of reactive oxygen species can be finely tailored to overcome the cytotoxicity of ZnO nanorods while preserving their antibacterial capability. Furthermore, an optimized amount of Zn2+ released from the ZnO/Zn3(PO4)2 hybrid coating enhances osteogenic differentiation and extracellular matrix mineralization of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by reprogramming their metabolic configuration. An implant‐related infection model in rabbit femurs indicates that the hybrid ZnO/Zn3(PO4)2 coating can even promote osseointegration in the presence of pathogenic bacteria. This surface modification strategy which endows Ti‐based implants with superior anti‐bacterial and pro‐osteogenic properties holds great clinical potential for orthopedic and dental applications.
Built‐In Electric Field of In Situ Formed Artificial Interface Layer Induces Fast and Uniform Sodium‐Ions Transmission to Achieve a Long‐Term Stable Sodium Metal Battery Under Harsh Conditions
Authors: Xie Junjie , Li Zhenbang , Zheng Xueying , Tian Fei , Lei Danni , Wang Chengxin
Published: January 2024

Sodium metal batteries have emerged as potential rivals to lithium‐ion batteries. Nevertheless, maintaining a stable sodium metal anode under harsh conditions (current density >10 mA cm−2) is extremely challenging. The primary issue is the highly reactive sodium metal continuously reacts with the electrolyte to form a thick and loose solid electrolyte film. The tip effect causes sodium ions (Na+) accumulated in the bulge resulting in uneven deposition. In this paper, a unique artificial interfacial layer (Ag nanoparticles distributed in NaClO4‐based matrix) is prepared on the surface of a metallic sodium anode using in situ displacement reaction. Ag particles arranged at the bottom of the artificial layer act as effective nucleation sites helping Na+ deposit uniformly, while the built‐in electric field formed between Ag in the middle/top of the artificial layer and the sodium accelerates the migration of Na+ in the interfacial layer during the deposition and reduce the polarization. Such important properties further allow the steady operation of modified sodium metal batteries in very harsh conditions. The symmetric battery achieves reversible stripping/plating for over 1000 h under high current density (10 mA cm−2). Moreover, the full cell coupled with a high‐loading Na3V2(PO4)3 cathode (20 mg cm−2) presents a stable cycle performance.
Reorganizing Helmholtz Adsorption Plane Enables Sodium Layered‐Oxide Cathode beyond High Oxidation Limits
Authors: Sun Mei‐Yan , Liu Bo , Xia Yang , Wang Ya‐Xuan , Zheng Yin‐Qi , Wang Lan , Deng Liang , Zhao Lei , Wang Zhen‐Bo
Published: January 2024

Sodium layered‐oxides (NaxTMO2) sustain severe interfacial stability issues when subjected to battery applications. Particularly at high potential, the oxidation limits including transition metal dissolution and solid electrolyte interphase reformation are intertwined upon the cathode, resulting in poor cycle ability. Herein, by rearranging the complex and structure of the Helmholtz absorption plane adjacent to NaxTMO2 cathodes, the mechanism of constructing stable cathode/electrolyte interphase (CEI) to push up oxidation limits is clarified. The strong absorbent fluorinated anions replace the solvents into the inner Helmholtz plane, thereby reorganizing the Helmholtz absorption structure and spontaneously inducing anion‐dominated interphase to envelop more active sites for layered oxides. More importantly, such multi‐component CEI proves effective for the long‐term durability of a series of manganese‐based oxide cathodes, which achieves a 1500‐cycles lifetime against high oxidation voltage limit beyond 4.3 V. This work unravels the key role of breaking high‐oxidation limits in attaining higher energy density of layered‐oxide systems.
Reversing Zincophobic/Hydrophilic Nature of Metal‐N‐C via Metal‐Coordination Interaction for Dendrite‐Free Zn Anode with High Depth‐of‐Discharge
Authors: Yang Ziyi , Lai Fayuan , Mao Qianjiang , Liu Chong , Wang Ruoyu , Lu Zhihua , Zhang Tianran , Liu Xiangfeng
Published: January 2024

Dendrite‐free Zn metal anodes with high depth‐of‐discharge (DoD) and robust cycle performances are highly desired for the practical application of aqueous Zn‐ion batteries. Herein, the zincophobic/hydrophilic nature of Metal‐N‐C through manipulating the electronic interactions between metal and coordination atoms is successfully reversed, thereby fabricating a zincophilic/hydrophobic asymmetric Zn‐N3Py+1Pr‐C (consisting of a Zn center coordinated with 3 pyridinic N atoms and 1 pyrrolic N atom) host, which realizes uniformed Zn deposition and a long lifespan with high DoD. The experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrate weakened interaction between pyrrolic N and metal center in the asymmetric Zn‐N3Py+1Pr‐C triggers downshift of the Zn 3d‐band‐center and a new localization nonbonding state in the N and C 2p‐band, resulting in preferred Zn adsorption to water adsorption. Consequently, the asymmetric Zn‐N3Py+1Pr‐C host delivers small Zn nucleation overpotential and high Coulombic efficiency of 98.3% over 500 cycles. The symmetric cells with Zn‐N3Py+1Pr‐C@Zn anode demonstrate 500 h dendrite‐free cycles at DoD up to 50%. The Zn‐N3Py+1Pr‐C@Zn/S‐PANI full cell also shows a robust long‐term cycle performance of 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1. This strategy of constructing zincophilic/hydrophobic Metal‐N‐C may open up their application for the dendrite‐free metal anode.