bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Table S10 from Validation of Immunotherapy Response Score as Predictive of Pan-solid Tumor Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Benefit
Authors: Bulen Benjamin J. , Khazanov Nickolay A. , Hovelson Daniel H. , Lamb Laura E. , Matrana Marc , Burkard Mark E. , Yang Eddy Shih-Hsin , Edenfield William J. , Claire Dees Elizabeth , Onitilo Adedayo A. , Buchschacher Gary L. , Miller Alan M. , Parsons Benjamin M. , Wassenaar Timothy R. , Suga Jennifer M. , Siegel Robert D. , Irvin William , Nair Suresh , Slim Jennifer N. , Misleh Jamal , Khatri Jamil , Masters Gregory A. , Thomas Sachdev , Safa Malek M. , Anderson Daniel M. , Mowers Jonathan , Dusenbery Anna C. , Drewery Stephanie , Plouffe Komal , Reeder Travis , Vakil Hana , Patrias Lynnae , Falzetta Amanda , Hamilton Ryan , Kwiatkowski Kat , Johnson D. Bryan , Rhodes Daniel R. , Tomlins Scott A.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Table S10 shows the characteristics of the anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy self-reported race validation cohort and the non-European subset
Supplementary Figure S8 from Validation of Immunotherapy Response Score as Predictive of Pan-solid Tumor Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Benefit
Authors: Bulen Benjamin J. , Khazanov Nickolay A. , Hovelson Daniel H. , Lamb Laura E. , Matrana Marc , Burkard Mark E. , Yang Eddy Shih-Hsin , Edenfield William J. , Claire Dees Elizabeth , Onitilo Adedayo A. , Buchschacher Gary L. , Miller Alan M. , Parsons Benjamin M. , Wassenaar Timothy R. , Suga Jennifer M. , Siegel Robert D. , Irvin William , Nair Suresh , Slim Jennifer N. , Misleh Jamal , Khatri Jamil , Masters Gregory A. , Thomas Sachdev , Safa Malek M. , Anderson Daniel M. , Mowers Jonathan , Dusenbery Anna C. , Drewery Stephanie , Plouffe Komal , Reeder Travis , Vakil Hana , Patrias Lynnae , Falzetta Amanda , Hamilton Ryan , Kwiatkowski Kat , Johnson D. Bryan , Rhodes Daniel R. , Tomlins Scott A.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Figure S8. shows overlap weighting propensity score analysis of the chemotherapy, anti-PD-(L)1, and chemotherapy + anti-PD-(L)1 validation cohort
Supplementary Figure S4 from Validation of Immunotherapy Response Score as Predictive of Pan-solid Tumor Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Benefit
Authors: Bulen Benjamin J. , Khazanov Nickolay A. , Hovelson Daniel H. , Lamb Laura E. , Matrana Marc , Burkard Mark E. , Yang Eddy Shih-Hsin , Edenfield William J. , Claire Dees Elizabeth , Onitilo Adedayo A. , Buchschacher Gary L. , Miller Alan M. , Parsons Benjamin M. , Wassenaar Timothy R. , Suga Jennifer M. , Siegel Robert D. , Irvin William , Nair Suresh , Slim Jennifer N. , Misleh Jamal , Khatri Jamil , Masters Gregory A. , Thomas Sachdev , Safa Malek M. , Anderson Daniel M. , Mowers Jonathan , Dusenbery Anna C. , Drewery Stephanie , Plouffe Komal , Reeder Travis , Vakil Hana , Patrias Lynnae , Falzetta Amanda , Hamilton Ryan , Kwiatkowski Kat , Johnson D. Bryan , Rhodes Daniel R. , Tomlins Scott A.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Figure S4 shows a validation of the predictive nature of Immunotherapy Response Score
Supplementary Figure S1 from Validation of Immunotherapy Response Score as Predictive of Pan-solid Tumor Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Benefit
Authors: Bulen Benjamin J. , Khazanov Nickolay A. , Hovelson Daniel H. , Lamb Laura E. , Matrana Marc , Burkard Mark E. , Yang Eddy Shih-Hsin , Edenfield William J. , Claire Dees Elizabeth , Onitilo Adedayo A. , Buchschacher Gary L. , Miller Alan M. , Parsons Benjamin M. , Wassenaar Timothy R. , Suga Jennifer M. , Siegel Robert D. , Irvin William , Nair Suresh , Slim Jennifer N. , Misleh Jamal , Khatri Jamil , Masters Gregory A. , Thomas Sachdev , Safa Malek M. , Anderson Daniel M. , Mowers Jonathan , Dusenbery Anna C. , Drewery Stephanie , Plouffe Komal , Reeder Travis , Vakil Hana , Patrias Lynnae , Falzetta Amanda , Hamilton Ryan , Kwiatkowski Kat , Johnson D. Bryan , Rhodes Daniel R. , Tomlins Scott A.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Figure S1 shows analytical validation of the gene expression component of Immunotherapy Response Score components vs. qRT-PCR
Supplementary Data S2 from Validation of Immunotherapy Response Score as Predictive of Pan-solid Tumor Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Benefit
Authors: Bulen Benjamin J. , Khazanov Nickolay A. , Hovelson Daniel H. , Lamb Laura E. , Matrana Marc , Burkard Mark E. , Yang Eddy Shih-Hsin , Edenfield William J. , Claire Dees Elizabeth , Onitilo Adedayo A. , Buchschacher Gary L. , Miller Alan M. , Parsons Benjamin M. , Wassenaar Timothy R. , Suga Jennifer M. , Siegel Robert D. , Irvin William , Nair Suresh , Slim Jennifer N. , Misleh Jamal , Khatri Jamil , Masters Gregory A. , Thomas Sachdev , Safa Malek M. , Anderson Daniel M. , Mowers Jonathan , Dusenbery Anna C. , Drewery Stephanie , Plouffe Komal , Reeder Travis , Vakil Hana , Patrias Lynnae , Falzetta Amanda , Hamilton Ryan , Kwiatkowski Kat , Johnson D. Bryan , Rhodes Daniel R. , Tomlins Scott A.
Published: July 2023

Supplementary Data S2 shows the clinical and molecular data for the monotherapy validation cohort
FIGURE 4 from Validation of Immunotherapy Response Score as Predictive of Pan-solid Tumor Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Benefit
Authors: Bulen Benjamin J. , Khazanov Nickolay A. , Hovelson Daniel H. , Lamb Laura E. , Matrana Marc , Burkard Mark E. , Yang Eddy Shih-Hsin , Edenfield William J. , Claire Dees Elizabeth , Onitilo Adedayo A. , Buchschacher Gary L. , Miller Alan M. , Parsons Benjamin M. , Wassenaar Timothy R. , Suga Jennifer M. , Siegel Robert D. , Irvin William , Nair Suresh , Slim Jennifer N. , Misleh Jamal , Khatri Jamil , Masters Gregory A. , Thomas Sachdev , Safa Malek M. , Anderson Daniel M. , Mowers Jonathan , Dusenbery Anna C. , Drewery Stephanie , Plouffe Komal , Reeder Travis , Vakil Hana , Patrias Lynnae , Falzetta Amanda , Hamilton Ryan , Kwiatkowski Kat , Johnson D. Bryan , Rhodes Daniel R. , Tomlins Scott A.
Published: July 2023

Validation of IRS to stratify anti-PD-(L)1, chemotherapy and anti-PD-(L)1 + chemotherapy benefit in relevant tumor types. A, Clinical characteristics of the anti-PD-(L)1 and/or chemotherapy (chemo) validation cohort are shown in an alluvial diagram. Across all eligible NCT03061305 patients treated with anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy, chemotherapy, or anti-PD-(L)1 + chemotherapy, we identified a validation cohort of 1,229 total eligible therapy lines (from 1,103 patients) in five relevant tumor types with anti-PD-(L)1 and/or chemotherapy treatment decisions: NSCLC, TNBC, EGC, H&N, and SCLC. Anti-PD-(L)1 ± chemotherapy lines used in IRS training were excluded. The IRS model and three-group classification thresholds were used to assign IRS-UL (gray), IRS-IL (light blue), and IRS-H (dark blue) status. For all 1,229 eligible therapy lines, IRS status, treatment group [PD-(L)1: purple; chemo: orange; PD-(L)1+chemo green], the systemic line of treatment, and tumor types are shown. Stratum are colored by IRS status. B, rwPFS by treatment group is shown separately for each IRS group by unadjusted Kaplan–Meier analysis. The number (n) of patients, events, and median rwPFS (with 95% CI) are shown. Treatment group outcomes were compared in each IRS group by Cox proportional hazards modeling (adjusting for age, gender, treatment group, line of therapy, tumor type, and PD-L1 RNA expression). Forest plots were used to visualize the aHR for each treatment group comparison, with the 95% CI, number of patients and events, and P value for each comparison shown. aHR estimates are colored by the treatment group comparison and significant associations are shown by outlined aHR estimates. In addition to the entire cohort (All), key subgroups are shown. See Supplementary Fig. S6 for covariate adjusted plots, Supplementary Fig. S7 for overlap weighting propensity score analysis, and Supplementary Table S12 for full subgroup analysis.
Data from Validation of Immunotherapy Response Score as Predictive of Pan-solid Tumor Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Benefit
Authors: Bulen Benjamin J. , Khazanov Nickolay A. , Hovelson Daniel H. , Lamb Laura E. , Matrana Marc , Burkard Mark E. , Yang Eddy Shih-Hsin , Edenfield William J. , Claire Dees Elizabeth , Onitilo Adedayo A. , Buchschacher Gary L. , Miller Alan M. , Parsons Benjamin M. , Wassenaar Timothy R. , Suga Jennifer M. , Siegel Robert D. , Irvin William , Nair Suresh , Slim Jennifer N. , Misleh Jamal , Khatri Jamil , Masters Gregory A. , Thomas Sachdev , Safa Malek M. , Anderson Daniel M. , Mowers Jonathan , Dusenbery Anna C. , Drewery Stephanie , Plouffe Komal , Reeder Travis , Vakil Hana , Patrias Lynnae , Falzetta Amanda , Hamilton Ryan , Kwiatkowski Kat , Johnson D. Bryan , Rhodes Daniel R. , Tomlins Scott A.
Published: July 2023

Immunotherapy response score (IRS) integrates tumor mutation burden (TMB) and quantitative expression biomarkers to predict anti-PD-1/PD-L1 [PD-(L)1] monotherapy benefit. Here, we evaluated IRS in additional cohorts. Patients from an observational trial (NCT03061305) treated with anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy were included and assigned to IRS-High (-H) versus -Low (-L) groups. Associations with real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined by Cox proportional hazards (CPH) modeling. Those with available PD-L1 IHC treated with anti-PD-(L)1 with or without chemotherapy were separately assessed. Patients treated with PD-(L)1 and/or chemotherapy (five relevant tumor types) were assigned to three IRS groups [IRS-L divided into IRS-Ultra-Low (-UL) and Intermediate-Low (-IL), and similarly assessed]. In the 352 patient anti-PD-(L)1 monotherapy validation cohort (31 tumor types), IRS-H versus IRS-L patients had significantly longer rwPFS and OS. IRS significantly improved CPH associations with rwPFS and OS beyond microsatellite instability (MSI)/TMB alone. In a 189 patient (10 tumor types) PD-L1 IHC comparison cohort, IRS, but not PD-L1 IHC nor TMB, was significantly associated with anti-PD-L1 rwPFS. In a 1,103-patient cohort (from five relevant tumor types), rwPFS did not significantly differ in IRS-UL patients treated with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy plus anti-PD-(L)1, nor in IRS-H patients treated with anti-PD-(L)1 versus anti-PD-(L)1 + chemotherapy. IRS associations were consistent across subgroups, including both Europeans and non-Europeans. These results confirm the utility of IRS utility for predicting pan-solid tumor PD-(L)1 monotherapy benefit beyond available biomarkers and demonstrate utility for informing on anti-PD-(L)1 and/or chemotherapy treatment.
Significance:
This study confirms the utility of the integrative IRS biomarker for predicting anti-PD-L1/PD-1 benefit. IRS significantly improved upon currently available biomarkers, including PD-L1 IHC, TMB, and MSI status. Additional utility for informing on chemotherapy, anti-PD-L1/PD-1, and anti-PD-L1/PD-1 plus chemotherapy treatments decisions is shown.
Power quality enhancement by using Z-DVR based series voltage compensation with black widow optimization technique
Authors: Kumar Ch. Srivardhan , Livinsa Z. Mary
Published: July 2023

In distribution system, voltage quality issues are the most concerning disturbances influencing the power quality (PQ). As a result, to alleviate this PQ concerns such as sag, swell, fluctuation, interruption, and harmonics on the sensitive load, the series voltage compensator dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) is utilized. Furthermore, a Z-source inverter (ZSI) based DVR is proposed in this paper to improve the power system's voltage restoration properties. To compensate the voltage concerns which is occurs in passive and transmission components, the 3-φ Z-DVR inverter with proportional integral derivative (PID) controller tuned by black widow optimization (BWO). By short circuiting the legs of inverter in the ZSI, prepare the possibility of buck and boost in voltage and utilize the LC impedance grid which incorporated power source to inverter circuit. In addition, to obtain the injecting voltage, PID control scheme for ZSI based DVR is proposed in this paper. The proposed modelling and simulation of DVR is implemented in MATLAB/Simulink tool and the outcomes are analyzed. Furthermore, reduction in voltage concerns, and total harmonics distribution (THD) with BWO tuned PID controller is superior which is 1.01% when compared with existing methods such as Harris Hawks optimization (HHO) based PID, genetic algorithm (GA) based PID controller.
Experimental analysis of DI-ZSI based DSTATCOM
Authors: Sabat Jogeswara , Mangaraj Mrutyunjaya , Barisal Ajit Kumar , Kundala Praveen Kumar Yadav , Thakur Rohan Vijay
Published: July 2023

This article presents the dual operation of distributed energy resources (DER) integrated impedance source inverter (DI-ZSI). The distribution grid, DER and variable nonlinear load are operating on two modes. In mode-1, power generated by the DER is zero or less then the load requirement and the inverter act as a voltage source inverter (VSI) for shunt compensation only. But, in mode-2, power generated by the DER greater than the load requirement and operates as a DI-ZSI based distributed static compensator (DSTATCOM). In this scenario, it not only acts as a shunt compensator but also inject active power to the distribution grid. An accurately tuned proportional integral with adaptive least mean square (ALMS) controller is used to generate the switching signals of inverter switches. The DI-ZSI performs stable operation in the distribution grid over a variable non-linear loading. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) SPARTAN-6 controller is used to develop the proposed system. Experimental results from DI-ZSI and VSI under variable loading highlighted the superiority of the DI-ZSI as per guidelines imposed by IEEE-2030-7-2017.
Skin Cancer and Hydrochlorothiazide: Novel Population-Based Analyses Considering Personal Risk Factors Including Race/Ethnicity
Authors: Birck Marina G. , Moura Cristiano S. , Machado Marina A.A. , Liu Jia Li , Abrahamowicz Michal , Pilote Louise , Bernatsky Sasha
Published: July 2023

BACKGROUND:

Hydrochlorothiazide, a common antihypertensive, has photosensitive properties, potentially increasing skin cancer risk. We evaluated melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer among hydrochlorothiazide users with 3 different cohorts as each allows assessment of different potential cofounders/effect modifiers, including race/ethnicity.

METHODS:

We built 3 cohorts using IBM MarketScan Research Databases: Commercial and Encounters (>3.5 million individuals, 2010–2018), a subcohort with health risk assessment respondents (415, 330), and Medicaid (509, 767, 2011–2017). Adults (aged 18+ years) entered the respective cohort with a first-filled prescription (cohort entry) for hydrochlorothiazide (the exposure of interest) or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors (the active comparator), with ≥12 months of continuous enrollment with medical/pharmacy coverage at baseline. We excluded those who used hydrochlorothiazide/ACE inhibitor (including fixed-dose combination products) 12 months before cohort entry and those with prior skin cancer, HIV, or organ transplant. We compared the risk for hydrochlorothiazide versus ACE inhibitor using multivariate proportional hazards regression.

RESULTS:

Baseline characteristics were similar, aside from more Black individuals among hydrochlorothiazide users (43.3% [95% CI, 43.0%–43.6%]) than ACE inhibitor users (28.1% [95% CI, 27.9%–28.3%]). The hazard ratio (95% CI) for nonmelanoma skin cancer related to hydrochlorothiazide (versus ACE inhibitor) was 0.96 (0.91–1.00) in the Commercial cohort, 1.01 (0.77–1.32) for the health risk assessment subcohort, and 1.33 (0.77–2.29) for Medicaid. For melanoma, the respective hazard ratios were 1.07 (0.95–1.20), 0.85 (0.43–1.67), and 0.93 (0.51–1.67), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our evaluation using 3 different approaches, including adjustment for race/ethnicity, did not establish a clear difference between hydrochlorothiazide and ACE inhibitor in terms of skin cancer risk.
Impact of Sex‐ and Gender‐Related Factors on Length of Stay Following Non–ST‐Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Multicountry Analysis
Authors: Bender Uri , Norris Colleen M. , Dreyer Rachel P. , Krumholz Harlan M. , Raparelli Valeria , Pilote Louise
Published: July 2023

Background

Gender‐related factors are psycho‐socio‐cultural characteristics and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in acute myocardial infarction, independent of sex. Whether sex‐ and gender‐related factors contribute to the substantial heterogeneity in hospital length of stay (LOS) among patients with non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction remains unknown.

Methods and Results

This observational cohort study combined and analyzed data from the GENESIS‐PRAXY (Gender and Sex Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease: From Bench to Beyond Premature Acute Coronary Syndrome study), EVA (Endocrine Vascular Disease Approach study), and VIRGO (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young AMI [Acute Myocardial Infarction] Patients study) cohorts of adults hospitalized across Canada, the United States, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, and Australia for non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction. In total, 5219 participants were assessed for eligibility. Sixty‐three patients were excluded for missing LOS, and 2938 were excluded because of no non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction diagnosis. In total, 2218 participants were analyzed (66% women; mean±SD age, 48.5±7.9 years; 67.8% in the United States). Individuals with longer LOS (51%) were more likely to be White race, were more likely to have diabetes, hypertension, and a lower income, and were less likely to be employed and have completed secondary education. No univariate association between sex and LOS was observed. In the adjusted multivariable model, age (0.62 d/10 y;
P
<0.001), unemployment (0.63 days;
P
=0.01), and some of countries included relative to Canada (Italy, 4.1 days; Spain, 1.7 days; and the United States, −1.0 days; all
P
<0.001) were independently associated with longer LOS. Medical history mediated the effect of employment on LOS. No interaction between sex and employment was observed. Longer LOS was associated with increased 12‐month all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions

Older age, unemployment, and country of hospitalization were independent predictors of LOS, regardless of sex. Individuals employed with non–ST‐segment–elevation myocardial infarction were more likely to experience shorter LOS. Sociocultural factors represent a potential target for improvement in health care expenditure and resource allocation.
Pregnancy Loss and the Risk of Myocardial Infarction, Stroke, and All‐Cause Mortality: A Nationwide Partner Comparison Cohort Study
Authors: Mikkelsen Anders Pretzmann , Egerup Pia , Kolte Astrid Marie , Westergaard David , Torp‐Pedersen Christian , Nielsen Henriette Svarre , Lidegaard Øjvind
Published: July 2023

Background

Pregnancy loss has been associated with myocardial infarction, stroke, and all‐cause mortality in women through unknown mechanisms. The aim of this study was to examine these associations in women and their male partners.

Methods and Results

In this register‐based cohort study, all people born between 1957 and 1997, residing in Denmark between 1977 and 2017, and with a registered partner of the opposite sex were eligible for inclusion. Male partners through cohabitation, marriage, or paternity constituted the male cohort. Exposure to pregnancy loss was categorized as follows: 0, 1, 2, or ≥3 pregnancy losses. The outcomes of interest were myocardial infarction, stroke, and all‐cause mortality. The Cox proportional hazards model estimated hazard ratios (HRs), adjusted for age, calendar year, parity, and parental history of myocardial infarction or stroke.

During follow‐up, 1 112 507 women experienced 4463 events of myocardial infarction compared with 13 838 events among 1 120 029 male partners. With the no pregnancy loss group as reference, the adjusted HRs of myocardial infarction in the female cohort after 1, 2, and ≥3 pregnancy losses were as follows: 1.1 (95% CI, 1.0–1.2), 1.3 (95% CI, 1.1–1.5), and 1.4 (95% CI, 1.1–1.8), respectively. In the male partner cohort, the corresponding estimates were 1.0 (95% CI, 1.0–1.1), 1.1 (95% CI, 1.0–1.2), and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.8–1.2), respectively. The outcome of stroke showed similar results. Pregnancy loss was not significantly associated with increased mortality in either sex.

Conclusions

Pregnancy loss or stillbirth was significantly associated with myocardial infarction and stroke in women but not their male partners. Pregnancy loss or stillbirth was not significantly associated with all‐cause mortality in women or male partners.
Effectiveness of Transcatheter Closure of Patent Foramen Ovale in Clinical Practice
Authors: Alkhouli Mohamad , Van Houten Holly K. , Yao Xiaoxi , Holmes David R.
Published: July 2023

Background

Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) has reduced the risk of recurrent stroke in patients with cryptogenic strokes in randomized clinical trials. Whether PFO closure in clinical practice is associated with similar benefit remains unknown.

Methods and Results

We identified patients with PFO and a history of ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack who were treated with PFO closure or medical therapy in the OptumLabs database. The primary end point was recurrent ischemic stroke or systemic embolization. Secondary outcomes included mortality, all stroke, transient ischemic attack, and major bleeding. A total of 6668 propensity‐matched patients were included (PFO closure n=4111; medical therapy n=2557). The incidence of stroke or systemic embolization per 100 person‐years was 2.38 after PFO cohort and 2.99 with medical therapy (hazard ratio [HR], 0.85 [95% CI, 0.68–1.05],
P
=0.13). Mortality was lower in the PFO closure cohort (1.78 versus 2.59 per 100 person‐years: HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.55–0.87],
P
=0.002). Falsification end points showed that this difference is unlikely to be completely explained by residual confounders. There were no significant differences between the groups in secondary end points including intracranial hemorrhage and major bleeding except for an increase in nonintracranial hemorrhage bleeding among patients treated with oral anticoagulation (1.42 versus 2.16 per 100 person‐years: HR, 0.69 [95% CI, 0.48–0.99],
P
=0.043). The main end point was consistent in subanalyses including patients <60 years of age, patients with prior stroke, and those treated after the publication of the positive PFO trials in 2017.

Conclusions

In contemporary US practice, PFO closure is not associated with lower rates of recurrent ischemic stroke or systemic embolization compared with medical therapy. Potential reasons for this discrepancy warrant further investigation.
Explorative Synthetic Biology in AI: Criteria of Relevance and a Taxonomy for Synthetic Models of Living and Cognitive Processes
Authors: Damiano Luisa , Stano Pasquale
Published: July 2023

This article tackles the topic of the special issue “Biology in AI: New Frontiers in Hardware, Software and Wetware Modeling of Cognition” in two ways. It addresses the problem of the relevance of hardware, software, and wetware models for the scientific understanding of biological cognition, and it clarifies the contributions that synthetic biology, construed as the synthetic exploration of cognition, can offer to artificial intelligence (AI). The research work proposed in this article is based on the idea that the relevance of hardware, software, and wetware models of biological and cognitive processes—that is, the concrete contribution that these models can make to the scientific understanding of life and cognition—is still unclear, mainly because of the lack of explicit criteria to assess in what ways synthetic models can support the experimental exploration of biological and cognitive phenomena. Our article draws on elements from cybernetic and autopoietic epistemology to define a framework of reference, for the synthetic study of life and cognition, capable of generating a set of assessment criteria and a classification of forms of relevance, for synthetic models, able to overcome the sterile, traditional polarization of their evaluation between mere imitation and full reproduction of the target processes. On the basis of these tools, we tentatively map the forms of relevance characterizing wetware models of living and cognitive processes that synthetic biology can produce and outline a programmatic direction for the development of “organizationally relevant approaches” applying synthetic biology techniques to the investigative field of (embodied) AI.
Use-Inspired, Process-Oriented GCM Selection: Prioritizing Models for Regional Dynamical Downscaling
Authors: Goldenson Naomi , Leung L. Ruby , Mearns Linda O. , Pierce David W. , Reed Kevin A. , Simpson Isla R. , Ullrich Paul , Krantz Will , Hall Alex , Jones Andrew , Rahimi Stefan
Published: July 2023

Dynamical downscaling is a crucial process for providing regional climate information for broad uses, using coarser-resolution global models to drive higher-resolution regional climate simulations. The pool of global climate models (GCMs) providing the fields needed for dynamical downscaling has increased from the previous generations of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). However, with limited computational resources, the need for prioritizing the GCMs for subsequent downscaling studies remains. GCM selection for dynamical downscaling should focus on evaluating processes relevant for providing boundary conditions to the regional models and be inspired by regional uses such as the response of extremes to changes in the boundary conditions. This leads to the need for metrics representing processes of relevance to diverse stakeholders and subregions of a domain. Procedures to account for metric redundancy and the statistical distinguishability of GCM rankings are required. Further, procedures for selecting realizations from ensembles of top-performing GCM simulations can be used to span the range of climate change signals in multiple ways. As a result, distinct weighting of metrics and prioritization of particular realizations may depend on user needs. We provide high-level guidelines for such region-specific evaluations and address how CMIP7 might enable dynamical downscaling of a representative sample of high-quality models across representative shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs).
Taking the Time: The Implications of Workplace Assessment for Organizational Gender Inequality
Authors: Nelson Laura K. , Brewer Alexandra , Mueller Anna S. , O’Connor Daniel M. , Dayal Arjun , Arora Vineet M.
Published: July 2023

Gendered differences in workload distribution, in particular who spends time on low-promotability workplace tasks—tasks that are essential for organizations yet do not typically lead to promotions—contribute to persistent gender inequalities in workplaces. We examined how gender is implicated in the content, quality, and consequences of one low-promotability workplace task: assessment. By analyzing real-world behavioral data that include 33,456 in-the-moment numerical and textual evaluations of 359 resident physicians (subordinates) by 285 attending physicians (superordinates) in eight U.S. hospitals, and by combining qualitative methods and machine learning, we found that, compared to men, women attendings wrote more words in their comments to residents, used more job-related terms, and were more likely to provide helpful feedback, particularly when residents were struggling. Additionally, we found women residents were less likely to receive substantive evaluations, regardless of attending gender. Our findings suggest that workplace assessment is gendered in three ways: women (superordinates) spend more time on this low-promotability task, they are more cognitively engaged with assessment, and women (subordinates) are less likely to fully benefit from quality assessment. We conclude that workplaces would benefit from addressing pervasive inequalities hidden within workplace assessment, equalizing not only who provides this assessment work, but who does it well and equitably.
Sexual Harassment in Surgery—Is Operating Room Culture the Culprit?
Authors: Freedman-Weiss Mollie R. , Coppersmith Nathan A. , Chiu Alexander S. , Heller Danielle R. , Cutler Abigail S. , Longo Walter E , Oliveira Kristen , Yoo Peter S.
Published: July 2023

Background

Sexual harassment is a known problem in surgical training and a focus of growing attention in recent years. However, the environments where sexual harassment in surgical training most commonly takes place are not yet described.

Methods

An anonymous, voluntary, electronic survey was distributed to surgical trainees, and all programs nationally were invited to participate.

Results

Sixteen general surgery training programs elected to participate, and the survey achieved a response rate of 30%. 48.9% of respondents reported experiencing sexual harassment. The most common location for harassment was in the operating room (OR) (74% of harassed respondents). The second most common location for harassment was the wards (67.4% of harassed respondents). In the OR, attendings and nurses were the most common harassers. The most common harassment in the OR was being called a sexist slur or intimate nickname.

Discussion

Surgical trainees report that the OR was the most common location for trainee harassment. Given that harassment is most commonly perpetrated by both attendings and nurses, harassment in surgical training may not entirely be due to hierarchies but may also be attributed to a flawed and permissive OR culture. Surgical training programs should vigilantly eliminate the circumstances that permit sexual harassment in the OR.
Parameter optimization of nonlinear PID controller using RBF neural network for continuous stirred tank reactor
Authors: Shi Xingxi , Zhao Hong , Fan Zheng
Published: July 2023

The temperature system of the Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) has the characteristics of strong nonlinearity and uncertain parameters. The linear PID controller makes it difficult to meet CSTR’s control requirements. Nonlinear PID (NPID) can improve the control effect of nonlinear controlled objects, but due to the influence of nonlinear function selection and manual parameter setting, when parameters are uncertain or subject to external interference, the control performance of the system will decrease. To improve the adaptive capability of the NPID controller, the RBF-NPID control algorithm is proposed. The learning ability of RBF neural network is used to adjust NPID parameters online to improve the control performance of the system. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, a CSTR model was established in MATLAB and algorithm comparison research was carried out. Simulation results show the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
Characterization of woven fabric drape based on neural networks
Authors: Han Wenjing , Luo Weihao , Wang Xin , Zhong Yueqi
Published: July 2023

Previous research on fabric drape has not provided an objective and comprehensive characterization of drape characteristics. In light of this, we proposed an approach that utilizes a neural network-based framework for characterizing the umbrella drape of woven fabrics. Fabric drapes with the same macro-level mechanical characteristics can be categorized together, thereby establishing objective classification criteria. Our method involved feature extraction and classification from drape images/point clouds via neural networks, namely ResNet18 and the deep graph convolutional neural network (DGCNN). We assessed the effectiveness of both networks through supervised learning and selected the best candidate to distinguish/retrieve drape styles from unlabeled data. Moreover, a sketch down-sampling (SDS) tailored to accurately represent point clouds of umbrella-shaped drapes was devised. In all, 5160 drape meshes were collected by RGB-D cameras and GeomagicTM. Two neural networks were trained for 30 epochs using stochastic gradient descent with a momentum of 0.9. The learning rate was set to 0.1 for ResNet18 and 0.001 for the DGCNN. Experimental results demonstrated that the DGCNN coupled with the SDS method was the optimal feature extraction solution for woven fabric drapes, given that the accuracy reached 97% with the coefficient of variation of 7%. Therefore, our approach offered an objective and precise quantification of fabric drape, which provided a possible downstream application for searching fabrics based on drape similarity.
How Street-Level Bureaucrats Collaborate for Policy Entrepreneurship: Insights From Anti-Poverty Policy Implementation in China
Authors: Liu Lu , Wang Yahua
Published: July 2023

Despite increasing attention to street-level policy entrepreneurship, it remains unclear what strategies street-level bureaucrats employ during implementation or how their strategies impact policy outcomes. Using China’s Targeted Poverty Alleviation campaign, we argue that street-level policy entrepreneurs construct collaborative arrangements with various local networks to devise innovative solutions. They collaborate with administrative leaders vertically or with citizens horizontally by adopting three strategies: defining mutual interests, building trust, and leveraging resources. Vertical collaboration contributes to effective policy outcomes and formal upward accountability, while horizontal collaboration improves public responsiveness. This study provides insights into collaborative behaviors of frontline bureaucrats that alleviate rural poverty.
A revised PMV model: From a physiological standpoint
Authors: Zhuang Lianfei , Huang Jingxin , Zhong Ke
Published: July 2023

In the field of thermal comfort, the adaptive approach is widely used. However, the current main adaptive models correlate thermal comfort with outdoor temperature, and the PMV model is only concerned with behavioural adaptation. The purpose of this paper is to develop a revised PMV (rPMV) model that can account for both behavioural and psychological adaptation. From a physiological standpoint, psychological adaptation affects the actual neutral skin temperature and actual sensitivity to thermal load change, whereas these two parameters used in the PMV model have no relation to psychological adaptation. When using the actual neutral skin temperature and actual sensitivity to thermal load change, the rPMV model can thus account for both psychological and behavioural adaptation. The actual neutral skin temperatures and sensitivities for Shanghai residents in the autumn, as well as Nanjing residents in the summer and winter, were calculated using data from field experiments that measured environmental parameters and investigated thermal sensation. The results show that the rPMV model significantly improves thermal sensation prediction accuracy compared to the PMV model. According to the findings, the rPMV model can be used to create an energy-efficient and comfortable indoor environment.

Practical applications: The thermal comfort prediction model assesses indoor climate, which has a significant impact on building energy consumption and thus its sustainability. The use of a good prediction model is critical to the success of building design. This paper develops a thermal comfort prediction model that can not only accurately predict thermal comfort of building occupant but also be used to design sustainable buildings.
Shared Reading With Learners Who Are Deafblind: Instructional Materials and Learning Environments
Authors: Brum Christopher , Bruce Susan M.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Shared reading has shown the ability to enrich language development in children (Dowdall et al., 2020) and academic skills into adulthood (Mol & Bus, 2011). However, due to the complexities of deafblindness and its effect on communication, some individuals may not be able to participate in traditional shared reading. Although there is very limited research on literacy for learners who are deafblind (Bruce et al., 2016), with appropriate materials and supports within the immediate environment, shared reading has the potential to be a vehicle to support literacy and communication development for learners who are deafblind. Methods: A mixed methods online survey ( n = 60) and follow-up interviews ( n = 10) helped to explore how parents, teachers, and interveners curated materials and structured the learning environment for shared reading. Descriptive statistics and inductive analysis were applied to analyze quantitative and qualitative information. Results: Information on how materials (e.g., type, selection, and adaptations) and the learning environment (e.g., location of the activity, learner positioning, and instructional supports) were utilized to support learners who are deafblind during shared reading is presented. Considerations for materials selection and development included access needs (vision, hearing, tactile), communication abilities, interests, and previous experiences. The learning environment was often intentionally selected or designed with considerations for lighting, noise, and distractions. Discussion: Materials were individualized and personalized, with supplementary items added to support communication and comprehension of the text. Learning environments were literacy-rich and accessible to the learner. Future intervention research is needed on shared reading for learners who are deafblind. Conclusion: Because of the nature of deafblindness, careful planning and implementation are needed when designing materials and learning environments for engaging learners in literacy. Future intervention research is needed to demonstrate the effective implementation of individualized and personalized literacy materials and identify environmental considerations for learners who are deafblind.
GROUNDED: A localizing ground penetrating radar evaluation dataset for learning to localize in inclement weather
Authors: Ort Teddy , Gilitschenski Igor , Rus Daniela
Published: July 2023

Mapping and localization using surface features is prone to failure due to environment changes such as inclement weather. Recently, Localizing Ground Penetrating Radar (LGPR) has been proposed as an alternative means of localizing using underground features that are stable over time and less affected by surface conditions. However, due to the lack of commercially available LGPR sensors, the wider research community has been largely unable to replicate this work or build new and innovative solutions. We present GROUNDED, an open dataset of LGPR scans collected in a variety of environments and weather conditions. By labeling these data with ground truth localization from an RTK-GPS/Inertial Navigation System, and carefully calibrating and time-synchronizing the radar scans with ground truth positions, camera imagery, and lidar data, we enable researchers to build novel localization solutions that are resilient to changing surface conditions. We include 108 individual runs totaling 450 km of driving with LGPR, GPS, odometry, camera, and lidar measurements. We also present two new evaluation benchmarks for 1) localizing in weather and 2) multi-lane localization, to enable comparisons of future work supported by the dataset. Additionally, we present a first application of the new dataset in the form of LGPRNet: an inception-based CNN architecture for learning localization that is resilient to changing weather conditions. The dataset can be accessed at http://lgprdata.com .
On the use of transmissibility for the detection of damaged springs in the primary suspension of a locomotive
Authors: Millan Pedro Moreira Ordiales , Pagaimo João Emanuel Carvalho , Neves Costa João , Maia Nuno Manuel Mendes , Ambrósio Jorge Alberto Cadete
Published: July 2023

The condition monitoring of the suspensions of railway vehicles is of utmost importance, allowing the reduction of the maintenance actions and the increase in the operational safety. However, the available methods often require a simplification of the vehicle through linearised models, a high number of sensors, or the use of complex algorithms that disregard the mechanical phenomena that explain the vehicle dynamics. This work suggests the Localized Transmissibility Damage Indicator (LTDI), based on the existing Transmissibility Damage Indicator (TDI), to detect damage in the springs of a locomotive, using pairs of sensors placed in the bogie frame and the axle boxes. For that purpose, multibody simulations are used to simulate the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle in tangent tracks under nominal and damaged conditions. The results from multibody simulations allow the calculation of the LTDI values for different levels of damage and various operation conditions, as well as the study of the effect of the variability inherent to the railway operation. The results show that the LTDI is significantly sensitive to damage. However, depending on the use of the lateral or vertical response, the LTDI is more suitable to detect the stiffness increase or decrease, or even to locate the damage. In conclusion, the LTDI is a promising method for the detection of damage on suspension elements of railway vehicles.
Upholding disciplinary whiteness: The #SdScandal, gender and international relations’ critical turn
Authors: Howell Alison , Richter-Montpetit Melanie
Published: July 2023

This article examines the #SdScandal: the backroom and public fracas surrounding an article on epistemic racism in classic securitization theory that we authored. It argues that what the #SdScandal illustrates is that disciplinary whiteness in international relations has been upheld not despite, but in part through, the ‘critical turn’. Using textual analysis as well as cyber-ethnographic and auto-ethnographic methods, it details how post-positivist knowledge-frames sometimes become vehicles for the rehabilitation of racial-colonial concepts, and how white femininities and novel tender masculinities can be evoked in the defence of institutional hierarchies. That such gendered shifts in disciplinary whiteness (seem to) depart from old-guard ‘white man’s IR’ (per Lake, 2016) only increases their efficacy in securing the status quo. The article further contextualizes this argument about international relations within the broad backlash against resurgent claims for racial justice both inside and outside the academy. It identifies political-intellectual convergences, not only between orthodox and some critical thought, but between right-wing and some self-identified liberal, leftist and/or feminist scholars, especially around the supposed threat of ‘cancellation’ of scholars and scholarship. Examining what critics of the #SdScandal called threats of retribution against this journal, it argues that at stake are issues of editorial independence and academic freedom, and, more broadly, contending visions of how to pursue anti-racism.
Reproductive Coercion Among College Students: An Extension and Test of Routine Activity Theory
Authors: Hayes Brittany E. , Maher Cooper A. , Pinchevsky Gillian M.
Published: July 2023

The current study is guided by routine activity theory to explore the risk of experiencing reproductive coercion among a sample of sexually active college students ( N = 1,515). Findings indicate that being in an exclusive relationship was associated with lower odds of reproductive coercion, yet prior victimization, including emotional abuse and sexual violence, was associated with higher odds of reproductive coercion. This study supports other research that finds reproductive coercion does not occur in isolation from other victimization experiences, and multifaceted prevention strategies are needed. Implications relating to autonomous reproductive decision-making are discussed.
Identification and Interaction Analysis of Molecular Markers in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Bioinformatics and Next-Generation Sequencing Data Analysis
Authors: Giriyappagoudar Muttanagouda , Vastrad Basavaraj , Horakeri Rajeshwari , Vastrad Chanabasayya
Published: July 2023

Background:

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Intense efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular pathogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms of PDAC are still not well understood. The purpose of this study is to further explore the molecular mechanism of PDAC through integrated bioinformatics analysis.

Methods:

To identify the candidate genes in the carcinogenesis and progression of PDAC, next-generation sequencing (NGS) data set GSE133684 was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analyses were performed. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed and the module analysis was performed using Integrated Interactions Database (IID) interactome database and Cytoscape. Subsequently, miRNA-DEG regulatory network and TF-DEG regulatory network were constructed using miRNet database, NetworkAnalyst database, and Cytoscape software. The expression levels of hub genes were validated based on Kaplan-Meier analysis, expression analysis, stage analysis, mutation analysis, protein expression analysis, immune infiltration analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.

Results:

A total of 463 DEGs were identified, consisting of 232 upregulated genes and 233 downregulated genes. The enriched GO terms and pathways of the DEGs include vesicle organization, secretory vesicle, protein dimerization activity, lymphocyte activation, cell surface, transferase activity, transferring phosphorus-containing groups, hemostasis, and adaptive immune system. Four hub genes (namely, cathepsin B [CCNB1], four-and-a-half LIM domains 2 (FHL2), major histocompatibility complex, class II, DP alpha 1 (HLA-DPA1) and tubulin beta 1 class VI (TUBB1)) were obtained via taking interaction of different analysis results.

Conclusions:

On the whole, the findings of this investigation enhance our understanding of the potential molecular mechanisms of PDAC and provide potential targets for further investigation.
Signal complexity approach based investigation of flutter instability in sectional models of bridges in wind tunnel
Authors: Keerthana M , Harikrishna P
Published: July 2023

Signal complexity analysis based entropy measure has been used to propose a model-free approach towards assessment of flutter critical wind speed and identification of the type of flutter in wind tunnel testing of long span bridges. The approach is based only on the measured output responses from the structure, which accounts for appropriate effects that stem from the non-linearity of the structure and fluid structure interaction. The usefulness of the proposed approach has been demonstrated with dynamic sectional models of two deck cross-sections in wind tunnel. The gain in regularity of responses on approaching the flutter critical wind speed, demonstrated with time history of responses and recurrence quantification plots, has been quantified using sample entropy. Based on the sensitivity of the sample entropy values on the embedding dimension, it has been suggested to adopt embedding dimension in the range of 2 and 5, to obtain a swift estimate of the state of the dynamic system. The proposed approach has shown potential to provide valuable insight about the flutter instability and distinguish between different types of flutter without requiring prior knowledge about the system under consideration. The study offers a promising complementary methodology to the conventional model-based approaches for evaluating flutter critical wind speed.