bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Passivhaus Standard in the Spanish Mediterranean: Evaluation of a House’s Thermal Behaviour of Enclosures and Airtightness
Authors: Echarri-Iribarren Víctor , Sotos-Solano Cristina , Espinosa-Fernández Almudena , Prado-Govea Raúl
Published: July 2019

Few houses have been built in the Spanish Mediterranean in accordance with the Passivhaus (PH) standard. This standard is adapted to the continental climates of Central Europe and thorough studies are necessary to apply this standard in Spain, especially in the summer. High relative air humidity levels in coastal areas and solar radiation levels of west-facing façades require adapted architectural designs, as well as greater control of air renewal and dehumidification. A priori, energy consumptions undergo big variations. In this study, the construction of a single-family house in the Spanish Levante was analysed. All enclosure layers were monitored using sensors of surface temperature, solar radiation, indoor and outdoor air temperature, relative humidity, and air speed. The thermal behaviour of the façade enclosure and air infiltration through the enclosure were examined using the blower door test and impacts on annual energy demand were quantified. Using simulation tools, improvements are proposed, and the results are compared with examples of PH housing in other geographical areas. The annual energy demand of PH housing was 69.19% below the usual value for buildings in the Mediterranean region. Very thick thermal insulation and low values of airtightness could be applied to the envelope, which would work very well in the winter. These technique solutions could provide optimal comfort conditions with a well-designed air conditioning system in summer and low energy consumption.
Simple Diffusion as the Mechanism of Okadaic Acid Uptake by the Mussel Digestive Gland
Authors: Blanco Juan , Martín Helena , Mariño Carmen , Rossignoli Araceli
Published: July 2019

Okadaic acid (OA) and other toxins of the diarrheic shellfish poisoning (DSP) group are accumulated and transformed mainly in many bivalves, inside the digestive gland cells. In this work the absorption of okadaic acid by those cells has been studied by supplying the toxin dissolved in water and including it in oil droplets given to primary cell cultures, and by checking if the uptake is saturable and/or energy-dependent. Okadaic acid was found to be absorbed preferentially from the dissolved phase, and the uptake from oil droplets was substantially lower. The process did not require energy and was non-saturable, indicating that it involved a simple diffusion across the cellular membrane. Some apparent saturation was found due to the quick biotransformation of OA to 7-O-acyl esters.
Identification, Pathogenicity of Novel Fowl Adenovirus Serotype 4 SDJN0105 in Shandong, China and Immunoprotective Evaluation of the Newly Developed Inactivated Oil-emulsion FAdV-4 Vaccine
Authors: Meng Kai , Yuan Xiaoyuan , Yu Jiang , Zhang Yuxia , Ai Wu , Wang Youling
Published: July 2019

Since mid-2015, numerous outbreaks of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome (HHS), which is caused by a novel fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4), have been reported in chickens in parts of China, thereby causing huge economic losses to the poultry industry. Thus, an effective vaccine to control the further spread of infections with this hyper-virulent FAdV-4 is imperative. In this study, we isolated a novel FAdV-4 strain SDJN0105 from a broiler farm with HHS disease in Shandong Province. Pathogenicity was evaluated by the observation of clinical symptoms, necropsy changes, and pathological tissue sections after oral and intramuscular (IM) infection of Specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens. The chickens infected by IM injection all died within three days, and chickens infected via the oculonasal route died within five days post-infection (dpi). Histopathological examination revealed that the pathology was confined to heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, and particularly the liver. Irrespective of the inoculation route, the highest viral DNA copy numbers were detected in the livers of infected chickens. The mRNA expression levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IFNs, TNF-α, Mx, and OASL were significantly upregulated during the viral infection. In addition, an inactivated oil-emulsion FAdV-4 vaccine was developed. The vaccine could provide full protection for SPF chickens against a lethal dose of the FAdV-4 strain SDJN0105 and a high level of antibodies. These results improve our understanding of the innate immune responses in chickens infected with FAdV-4 and the pathogenesis of FAdV-4 caused by host factors, and the developed FAdV-4 vaccine is promising as a drug candidate for the prevention and reduction of the spread of HHS in poultry in China.
The Nucleoprotein and Phosphoprotein of Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Inhibit Interferons Signaling by Blocking the JAK-STAT Pathway
Authors: Li Pengfei , Zhu Zixiang , Zhang Xiangle , Dang Wen , Li Linlin , Du Xiaoli , Zhang Miaotao , Wu Chunyan , Xue Qinghong , Liu Xiangtao , Zheng Haixue , Nan Yuchen
Published: July 2019

Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is associated with global peste des petits ruminants resulting in severe economic loss. Peste des petits ruminants virus dampens host interferon-based signaling pathways through multiple mechanisms. Previous studies deciphered the role of V and C in abrogating IFN-β production. Moreover, V protein directly interacted with signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1) and STAT2 resulting in the impairment of host IFN responses. In our present study, PPRV infection inhibited both IFN-β- and IFN-γ-induced activation of IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE) and IFN-γ-activated site (GAS) element, respectively. Both N and P proteins, functioning as novel IFN response antagonists, markedly suppressed IFN-β-induced ISRE and IFN-γ-induced GAS promoter activation to impair downstream upregulation of various interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) and prevent STAT1 nuclear translocation. Specifically, P protein interacted with STAT1 and subsequently inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation, whereas N protein neither interacted with STAT1 nor inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation as well as dimerization, suggesting that the N and P protein antagonistic effects were different. Though they differed in their relationship to STAT1, both proteins blocked JAK-STAT signaling, severely negating the host antiviral immune response. Our study revealed a new mechanism employed by PPRV to evade host innate immune response, providing a platform to study the interaction of paramyxoviruses and host response.
Water-Worked Bedload: Hydrodynamics and Mass Transport
Authors: Rowiński Paweł M. , Dey Subhasish
Published: July 2019

Turbulent flow over a natural streambed is complex in nature, especially in the near-bed flow zone, because a natural water-worked bed exhibits a spatially complex, three-dimensional structure [...]
Impact of Migration on the Economy of Nigeria: Recent Trends
Authors: Adedokun O. A. , Karzanova I. V.
Published: July 2019

This paper examines the impact of internal and international migration on the economy of Nigeria. In Nigeria the unemployment rate is very high, and migration can partially alleviate situation on the labor market. Migrants’ remittances which has surpassed both Foreign Direct Investment and Net Official Development Assistance inflows and is one of the major inflows of foreign earnings to Nigeria, help reducing poverty of households and have a positive impact on the economy. If political and socioeconomic issues in the country do not improve, Nigerians will continue to migrate to other countries. The Nigerian government should urgently address the situation with migration, contribute to job creation and improve environment to stop people from migrating and encourage its skilled labor abroad to return home to help in national development.
Más que flores y felicitaciones
Authors: Zuñiga Quesada Jeannette
Published: July 2019

Podría utilizar este espacio para dar recomendaciones nutricionales para la salud de las mujeres, pero quiero aprovechar para rendir homenaje a las mujeres que a lo largo de la historia han tenido el coraje de pelear por sus derechos y sus valores, porque las mujeres somos parte esencial de la sociedad. ¡No nos den flores, mejor nos dan el lugar que nos corresponde!
Enfermedades de transmisión sexual
Authors: Mora Campos Julio
Published: July 2019

Son un conjunto de enfermedades producidas por más de 30 virus, bacterias y parásitos trasmitidos por contacto sexual, ocho de ellos están vinculados con enfermedades de alta incidencia mundial, siendo cuatro curables a saber: sífilis, gonorrea, clamidiasis y tricomoniasis. Las otras cuatro son la hepatitis B, virus del herpes simple (HSV), Sida (HIV) y el virus del papiloma humano; todas son infecciones virales incurables aunque existan tratamientos capaces de atenuar o modificar la sintomatología o la enfermedad.
Caso de estudio
Authors: Zuñiga Quesada Jeannette
Published: July 2019

Usted se encuentra laborando con un equipo interdisciplinario en un EBAIS, están trabajando con adolescentes y Ana, una adolescente de 14 años y 6 meses; quiere verse muy bella para sus quince años, está dispuesta a hacer lo que sea para entrar en un vestido talla 4 que la señora donde limpia su mamá le ofreció regalarle ya que no lo usa y a Ana le encanta. 

Reside en Oreamuno y para llegar a su colegio debe caminar 45 minutos diarios de ida de y vuelta, vive con su mamá en la casa de una finca que cuidan sus abuelitos.
Prevalencia de la Diabetes
Authors: Jiménez M. José Guillermo
Published: July 2019

La Universidad de Ciencias Médicas, para dar respuesta a esta necesidad, ha desarrollado el curso teórico práctico de Educación en Diabetes. Esta actividad se propone preparar al personal de las ciencias de la salud, para dar asesoría al paciente diabético, facilitando su aprendizaje y empoderamiento, y con ello garantizar el logro de sus metas en los diferentes tratamientos farmacológicos, nutricionales y de actividad física que le garanticen el adecuado control de la diabetes.
Tendencias en la alimentación
Authors: Ibarra Karen
Published: July 2019

Vivimos en un mundo de constante cambio, las modas vienen y van, los gustos y preferencias evolucionan y cambian, algunas cosas adquieren valor y otras pierden importancia. Parte de nuestra labor como nutricionistas y como profesionales en el área de salud es conocer nuestro entorno, así como las tendencias que emergen año con año y marcan los gustos y preferencias de las personas a las que brindamos un servicio; de manera que nuestra labor de educación y comunicación sea efectiva y nuestros servicios se adapten a las necesidades específicas de cada generación.
La verdadera compasión: Dalai Lama
Authors: Zaidman Walzer Isidoro
Published: July 2019

Como dice Dalai Lama “no es suficiente creer que la compasión es importante, es necesario también sentir y pensar en cuan agradable y hermosa es,” se “requiere desarrollarla mediante una acción concertada en todas las acciones y eventos de la vida diaria, para conseguir la transformación de nuestros pensamientos y conducta”
Certain Integrals Associated with Hypergeometric Functions of Four Variables
Authors: Bin-Saad Maged G. , Younis Jihad A.
Published: July 2019

The main objective of this paper is to present integral representations of Euler type and Laplace type for five new hypergeometric series of four variables.
MANFAAT BACK ROLLING MASSAGE TERHADAP PENGELUARAN ASI DI KLINIK ESTHI HUSADA HUSADA SEMARANG
Authors: Mayangsari Dewi , Rahma Dedeh
Published: July 2019

Back Rolling Massage merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi ketidaklancaran produksi ASI.Back Rolling Massage dilakukan pada sepanjang tulang belakang (vertebrae) sampai tulang costae kelima-keenam ibu akan merasa tenang, rileks, meningkatkan ambang rasa nyeri dan mencintai bayinya, sehingga dengan begitu hormon oksitosin keluar dan ASI pun cepat keluar.Tujuan penelitian : untuk mengetahui apakah ada manfaat Back Rolling Massage terhadap  pengeluaran Air Susu Ibu (ASI) pada ibu nifas di klinik Esti Husada Kota Semarang.Metode : jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif, menggunakan metode Quasi Eksperiment. Desain penelitian menggunakan pretest-postteswith control group design.. pengambilan sampel dengan total sampel  sejumlah 15 responden kelompok intervensi dan 15 responden kelompok kontrol Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis univariat dan analisis bivariat menggunakan uji paired t-test Hasil : Berdasarkan analisa bivariat dengan menggunakan uji statistik paired t-test maka didapatkan nilai p value sebesar 0,002 (nilai probabilitas (p) >α(0,05)). Kesimpulan : bahwa ada pengaruh sebelum dan sesudah Back Rolling Massageterhadap pengeluaran ASI ibu nifas.  Kata kunci: back rolling massage; pengeluaran ASI
Presencia de hongos nematófagos en tres fincas cafetaleras del Valle Central de Costa Rica.
Authors: Peraza Padilla Walter , Zamora Araya Tatiana
Published: July 2019

Suelo recolectado de fincas productoras de café (Coffea arabica L.) fue examinado mediante el método de espolvoreado en placa en búsqueda de hongos nematófagos. El muestreo de suelo se realizó entre los meses de agosto a octubre de 2011 en tres fincas cafetaleras ubicadas en las provincias de San José, Alajuela y Heredia. Se aislaron un total de seis hongos nematófagos los cuales se identificaron mediante claves taxonómicas. Se determinó la presencia de los hongos nematófagos Arthrobotrys oligospora (n=1), Candelabrella sp. (n=1), Paecilomyces sp. (n=2) y Trichoderma sp.(n=2). Los resultados sugieren la presencia de hongos nematófagos adaptados a las condiciones ambientales y de manejo agrícola en sistemas de producción de café, con potencial para ser utilizados como agentes de combate biológico.
Portada
Authors: Tecnologicos Alcances
Published: July 2019

Portada
COMPARACIÓN DE LA CALIDAD DEL HENO DE PASTO TRANSVALA (Digitaria decumbens cv. Transvala) PRODUCIDO BAJO RIEGO, HENO DE PASTO TRANSVALA COMERCIAL Y PACAS DE PAJA DE ARROZ, MEDIANTE LA GANANCIA DE PESO DE TORETES ESTABULADOS
Authors: Morales González Jorge
Published: July 2019

La calidad de un forraje se determina, principalmente, por medio de la respuesta productiva de losanimales (Ball et al. 2001). El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo, comparar la calidad del heno de pastoTransvala (Digitaria decumbens cultivar Transvala) producido bajo condiciones de riego, fertilizado ycosechado a 45 días de rebrote, con la de pacas comerciales tanto de Transvala como de paja de arroz,mediante la ganancia de peso y el consumo de estos forrajes por toretes estabulados. Veintisiete toretescon un peso promedio de 282 kg de peso vivo (PV) fueron estabulados por 77 días y alimentados con henode pasto Transvala de 45 días de rebrote (HBC), heno comercial de pasto Transvala (HCM) y paja de arroz(PAR). Los dos últimos tratamientos con acceso además a 0,5 kg de melaza y 30 g diarios de urea. Elforraje se dio a libre consumo. Los datos se analizaron mediante un diseño experimental irrestricto al azar.Los toretes alimentados con HBC lograron pesos finales mayores (304,8; 295,5 y 288,5 kg ; P<0,01) que losotros dos grupos de animales; así como consumos de forraje, con base en materia seca (kg MS/100 kg PV)superiores (2,26, 2,08 y 1,79, respectivamente; P<0,01) a los logrados con HCM y PAR. Los contenidos(%) de: proteína cruda (PC), fibra neutro detergente (FND) y fibra ácido detergente (FAD) de HBC, HCMy PAR fueron 9,0, 64,4 y 43,3; 4,1, 63,4 y 46,2; 4,1, 60,5 y 53,6, respectivamente. La respuesta animalobservada confirma los parámetros de calidad obtenidos en el laboratorio, particularmente en relación conel contenido de PC y permite concluir que el heno de pasto Transvala producido bajo condiciones de riegoy fertilizado, a una edad de rebrote de 45 días es superior en calidad a los henos comerciales de pastoTransvala y a la paca de arroz, disponibles en el mercado.
PRODUCCIÓN DE ALMÁCIGOS DE CEBOLLA (Allium cepa) BAJO COBERTURA PLÁSTICA EN CAÑAS, GUANACASTE
Authors: Ramírez Matarrita Roberto , Aguilar Rodríguez Jhonny , Meza Rodríguez Luis
Published: July 2019

El estudio se efectuó en San Miguel de Cañas, Guanacaste, en el periodo comprendido entre octubredel 2006 y marzo del 2007. Se evaluaron dos diseños de túnel denominados 1M y 2M según su alturaa la cresta, (con la finalidad de proteger los almácigos de cebolla del daño mecánico ocasionado por lalluvia) y un testigo a campo abierto. Las variables ambientales registradas mostraron que la temperaturadel medio en los días soleados provoca dentro del túnel 1M un salto térmico de 3,2 oC con respecto a latemperatura externa, sin afectar fisiológicamente el cultivo. La humedad relativa se mantuvo similar en elinterior de los diferentes túneles en relación con el medio externo, independientemente de la condición deldía. La radiación procedente del sol disminuyó en un 50% en los días nublados en comparación con losdías soleados. Los almácigos producidos en los túneles registraron las mayores tasas de sobrevivencia conun 90% para el tratamiento 1M, 68% para el 2M en comparación con un 10% del testigo en un lapso de 45días. Las plántulas sembradas en el túnel 1M alcanzaron la mayor altura promedio con 24 cm y el mayordiámetro promedio de bulbo con 5,3 mm. El tratamiento 2M únicamente superó al 1M en el peso promediopor plántula; los valores que se obtuvieron fueron 0,72 g y 0,63 g respectivamente. Posteriormente ala cosecha de los almácigos, se estableció una parcela experimental con las plantas provenientes delos tratamientos de los túneles 1M, 2M y el testigo, las cuales se llevaron hasta la etapa de produccióncomercial. Los rendimientos fueron muy similares cercanos a los 7 kg/m2

indiferentemente del origen del

almácigo.
One-Step-Ahead Forecastability of GARCH (1,1):
A Comparative Analysis of USD- and PKR-Based Exchange
Rate Volatilities
Authors: Khan Abdul Jalil , Azim Parvez
Published: July 2019

This study aims to capture volatility patterns using GARCH (1,1) models.
It evaluates these models to obtain one-step-ahead forecastabilities by employing
four major forecasting evaluation criteria, and compares two different currencies—
the Pakistan rupee and the US dollar—as domestic and foreign currency-valued
exchange rates, respectively. The results show that using an international vehicle
currency is favorable in Pakistan’s context. However, the Kuwaiti dinar, Canadian
dollar, US dollar, Singapore dollar, Hong Kong dollar, and Malaysian ringgit are
found to be preferable when performing direct international transactions. Using
the root mean square errors and mean absolute errors techniques, the study also
assess the robustness of measuring one-step-ahead forecasts.
Forward-Looking and Backward-Looking Taylor Rules: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Tahir Nadia
Published: July 2019

This study uses the forward-looking rule and backward-looking Taylor rule to investigate the conduct of monetary policy in Pakistan during 1971–2011. We compare the pre- and post-reform periods, and find that the estimates obtained using the generalized method of moments indicate that no interest rate rule was being followed. This explains the inability of monetary policy to control inflation and minimize the output gap. Although monetary policy was not very active in the pre- and post-reform periods, the post-reform quarterly data show some interest rate inertia and smoothing. Monetary policy was less accommodating of the cyclical nature of the output gap. We conclude that the behavior of the State Bank of Pakistan was not very different under forward- or backward-looking rules.
Education in Pakistan’s Punjab: Outcomes and Interventions
Authors: Habib Masooma
Published: July 2019

One of the most critical challenges Pakistan faces today is the need to
improve and expand its education system. With important political and
demographic changes taking place, greater devolution and strengthened
democracy, this is an opportune moment to build a better system. Not only does the
purpose of education have to be defined beyond what has been left over from
colonial administrative objectives, but a much greater effort has to be invested in
developing the skills and talents of the majority of the population.
Punjab, Pakistan's largest province, has taken several education reform
initiatives to improve education outcomes. However about a quarter of school age
children are still not attending school either because they never enrolled or because
they dropped out early. Low transition rates to secondary education are of special
concern. Moreover, recent assessments have shown that students' knowledge and
comprehension of basic subjects remains alarmingly low. Improved learning in
schools is therefore another important challenge. Patterns in learning achievement
in Punjab indicate the importance of school level factors, implying that a good
school could make up for other regional and socio-economic disparities. Better
quality schools also attract more students from the poorest families, because when
parents expect better returns from education, the time and resources spent on
schooling becomes worthwhile. This paper will review the extent to which critical
gaps in achievement levels and other educational outcomes have been addressed by
past policies and current reform programs.
The Public School System in Sindh: Empirical Insights
Authors: Asim Salman
Published: July 2019

This paper presents descriptive statistics on the government school
education system in Sindh. The data are obtained from the latest administrative
annual school census in Sindh (2011/12). The province’s schooling system comprises
48,932 schools of which 47,000 are primary, middle, and elementary schools, giving
Sindh one of the densest public schooling systems in the world with almost 1.8
schools for every 1,000 people in rural Sindh. The functional schooling capacity,
however, is low, with less than 15 percent of these schools having at least two
teachers and access to basic facilities such as toilets, drinking water, electricity, and
boundary walls. Against this backdrop, we examine key trends in education
outcomes using the Pakistan Living Standards and Measurement surveys for
2004/05 and 2010/11. We find that the net enrollment rates (NERs) at primary,
middle, and secondary level in Sindh stagnated, at best, during 2007–11 after a
sharp increase registered in 2006; this trend is similar to that of the rest of Pakistan.
Gains in NER vary significantly across districts with some performing exceptionally
better than others. Finally, we cross-validate these statistics using independent
household- and school-level census data on 300 communities, collected as part of an
ongoing impact evaluation study in three districts of rural Sindh.
Preparing Women of Substance?
Education, Training, and Labor Market Outcomes for
Women in Pakistan
Authors: Aslam Monazza , Rawal Shenila
Published: July 2019

This paper investigates the economic (i.e., labor market) outcomes of
“training” for individuals in Pakistan. The labor market benefits of general education
have been relatively well explored in the literature and specifically in Pakistan. They
point to the benefits of education accruing both from education or skills that promote
a person’s entry into more lucrative occupations and from raising earnings within
any given occupation. This research delves into another angle by investigating the
role, if any, of acquired “training“—technical, vocational, apprenticeship, or on-thejob—
and its impact through both channels of effect on economic wellbeing. This is
done using data from a unique, purpose-designed survey of more than 1,000
households in Pakistan, collected in 2007. Multinomial logit estimates of
occupational attainment show how training determines occupational choice. In
addition, we estimate the returns to schooling and to training separately for men and
women. The results show that, while training significantly improves women’s
chances of entering self-employment and wage work (as well as the more “lucrative”
occupations), only wage-working women benefit from improved earnings through
the training they have acquired. On the other hand, men who have acquired skills
this way benefit through an improved probability of being self-employed and earning
higher returns within that occupation.
Patronage in Rural Punjab:
Evidence from a New Household Survey Dataset
Authors: Chaudhry Azam , Vyborny Kate
Published: July 2019

The intervention of local elites is often cited as an impediment to policy
implementation in many developing countries. In this paper, we present initial
results from an original primary household dataset from eight tehsils of rural Punjab,
Pakistan. We examine descriptive statistics on patron–client interaction and
correlations between household characteristics and that relationship. The study raises
some key findings. First, households report connections with a range of officials; they
interact most heavily with local officials, but a large number of households also report
interacting with their provincial and national politicians. Second, many households
report receiving active assistance both from local officials and from provincial and
national politicians in accessing certain state services, in particular in applying for
national identity cards. Third, households report links with many patrons outside
their own biraderi or clan. Fourth, vulnerable households, such as landless and
female-headed households, appear less likely to interact with and less likely to receive
assistance from patrons, suggesting that patronage activity could increase the
inequality of outcomes. Fifth, better-off households appear more likely to assist
patrons in a range of areas. Finally, local officials and politicians had tended to
recommend candidates in the last election, and rural households were strongly
convinced that their vote was not secret from their patrons or officials. This is
possibly consistent with patronage-based politics and bloc voting.
The Impact of Corporate Governance and Ownership Structure on Earnings Management Practices: Evidence from Listed Companies in Pakistan
Authors: Shah Kamran , Shah Attaullah
Published: July 2019

This study analyzes the impact of corporate governance and ownership structure on earnings management for a sample of 372 firms listed on the Karachi Stock Exchange over the period 2003–10. We estimate discretionary accruals using four well-known models: Jones (1991); Dechow, Sloan, and Sweeney (1995); Kasznik (1999); and Kothari, Leone, and Wasley (2005). The results indicate that discretionary accruals increase monotonically with the ownership percentage of a firm’s directors, their spouses, children, and other family members. This supports the view that managers who are more entrenched in a firm can more easily influence corporate decisions and accounting figures in a way that may serve their interests. This finding is consistent with prior research evidence on the role of dominant directors in expropriating external minority shareholders in Pakistan. Further, our results indicate that institutional investors play a significant role in constraining earnings management practices. We do not find any evidence that CEO duality, the size of the auditing firm, the number of members on the board of directors, and ownership concentration influence discretionary accruals. Among the control variables, we find that firms that are more profitable, are growing, or have higher leverage actively manage their earnings, while earnings management decreases with the age of the firm. The results are robust to several alternative specifications.
The Changing Landscape of RTAs and PTAs: Analysis and Implications
Authors: S. Kaukab Rashid
Published: July 2019

This paper traces the evolution of “discriminatory” international trading arrangements: (i) regional trade agreements (RTAs), which offer their members better access to each other’s markets; and (ii) preferential trade agreements (PTAs), which offer developing and least developed countries (LDCs) nonreciprocal access to certain markets. The number, coverage, and depth of RTAs have increased tremendously in the last 25 years, potentially leading to even deeper integration among dynamic economies. However, countries on the margin of RTA activity may be in danger of not benefitting from the growth in international trade. The number of countries offering PTAs has also increased with many developing countries now providing LDCs with nonreciprocal market access. This significant level of RTA and PTA activity raises serious challenges for countries such as Pakistan, which remain on the margins. Efforts to rectify this should, in the short term, focus on negotiating RTAs with selected countries to build the required capacity for such negotiations and improve Pakistan’s visibility on the RTA landscape. The country must aggressively seek and defend nonreciprocal market access under PTAs, with particular focus on such GSP schemes as offer additional benefits. Medium-term actions should aim to improve competitiveness by investing in infrastructure, energy, and human resources; adopting a coherent and supportive macroeconomic policy framework; and improving law and order. This will help Pakistan enter into and benefit from RTAs with dynamic economies while substantially reducing its dependence on PTAs.
What Does the Exchange Rate Do? A Status Symbol?
Authors: Rahim Sikander
Published: July 2019

This paper aims to assess the harmful impacts of exchange rate depreciations on Pakistan’s economy, including impacts on international capital movements, wages, the domestic price level, and development. Devaluation of a currency in terms of foreign currencies or metallic standards was for long considered to be undesirable and, if unavoidable, a sign of failure. Attitudes have since changed and devaluation is thought to bring advantages, especially by making economies more competitive exporters. This paper is intended to show that it has disadvantages that outweigh any supposed advantages, notably its effects on inflation, income distribution, service on foreign debt and incentives. It does so by describing in concrete terms the relations between foreign and domestic prices and the costs of untradeable goods and services that are components of the price of any good in any domestic price index. It also discusses the motives, official and unofficial, that have prompted the monetary authorities of Pakistan to make a practice of regular depreciation of the rupee and to question their justification.
Preregistration in Single-Case Design Research
Authors: Johnson Austin H , Cook Bryan G.
Published: July 2019

To draw informed conclusions from research studies, research consumers need full and accurate descriptions of study methods and procedures. Preregistration has been proposed as a means to clarify reporting of research methods and procedures, with the goal of reducing bias in research. However, preregistration has been applied primarily to research studies utilizing group designs. In this paper, we discuss general issues in preregistration and consider the use of preregistration in single-case design research, particularly as it relates to differing applications of this methodology. We then provide a rationale and make specific recommendations for preregistering single-case design research, including guidelines for preregistering basic descriptive information, research questions, participant characteristics, baseline conditions, independent and dependent variables, hypotheses, and phase change decisions.
Kehidupan Sosial Ekonomi Pedagang Sagu di Desa Komba Selatan, Kecamatan Larompong, Kabupaten Luwu
Authors: Mia Besse
Published: July 2019

This research aims to: 1) Obtain information about social life of sago traders in South Komba Village, Larompong Sub-district, Luwu Regency, 2) Obtain information about economic life of sago traders in South Komba Village, Larompong Sub-district, Luwu Regency. Population 33 people. Samples taken from the entire population of 33 people. Sample determination of saturated sampling method. Descriptive. That data were obtained by using questionnaire and descriptive analysis. The results show: social life of sago traders is dominated by immigrants from Bugis area 19 out of 33 people, education level of most of elementary school graduate is 48,5% and married status. In terms of economic life the largest income they earn every day is in the range of Rp.50.000 - 100.000 per day that is as much as 60.6% and the largest expenditure ranges from Rp.500.000 - 1,000,000 as much as 48,5%. Revenue earned is able to meet daily needs. The reason they choose to sell sago is 1. not require high education, 2. No need big capital, and 3. To supplement income. The socio-economic life of sago traders in South Komba Village is quite adequate although it has to do other work, but in terms of opinion it is mostly enough to meet the needs, in terms of residence mostly occupies a permanent house of stone and half-stone house.
Pengintegrasian Nilai-nilai Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Adat Karampuang Dalam Pembelajaran Geografi Berorientasi Pendidikan Karakter Di Sekolah Menengah Atas
Authors: Syarif Erman
Published: July 2019

The crisis of teenage morality is a serious problem for the Indonesian people, especially in South Sulawesi, one of the efforts made by revitalizing local wisdom in learning at school. The objectives of this study are: 1) to analyze the local wisdom values of the Karampuang indigenous people, and 2) to integrate local wisdom values in geography learning. The approach used in this study is a qualitative case study. Data collection techniques used are observation, interview, and literature review. Procedure for analyzing data by collecting data, reducing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show: 1) the values of the local wisdom values of the Karampuang indigenous people, which are religious, caring for the environment, loving the country, working hard, being honest, friendly, caring and responsible and friendly. 2) one application for integrating the values of local wisdom of the Karampuang indigenous people into geography learning in class XI basic competencies 3.6 analyzes forms of local wisdom in the use of natural resources in agriculture, mining, industry and tourism. The integration of the values of the local wisdom of the Karampuang indigenous people is expected to create an education system with quality human resources and character.
Persepsi Siswa Tentang Full Day School Terhadap Hasil Belajar Geografi IPS Kelas XI SMA Negeri 5 Kabupaten Luwu
Authors: Anggraini Ningsi
Published: July 2019

This study aims to find out: 1) Application of students about full day school; 2) student learning outcomes; 3) students' application of full day school to learning outcomes. This research is an ex post facto research. The independent variable is the application of students about full day school and the dependent variable is student learning outcomes. The population of class XI IPS students amounted to 86 students, the sample was taken 100%, namely 86 students. Data collection through observation, questionnaires, and documentation of students' final grades. Data analysis used descriptive and inferential analysis of Product Moment correlation, simple liner regression and multivariate analysis. The results of the study show that: 1) the application of full day school has a percentage of 42.36%, which is quite good; 2) student learning outcomes have a percentage of 47.67% including very good categories; 3) the results of the multivariate analysis showed that the full school variable had a significant effect on learning outcomes with a significant 0.00 <0.05. This meant that Ha was accepted and Ho was rejected. This means that the better the implementation of full school, the better the student learning outcomes and vice versa. This can be shown by the equation Y = 35.840 + 0.601X with a correlation coefficient of 0.883 and a coefficient of determination of 0.78. This figure shows that the fullday school system affects 78% of students' geography learning outcomes, while the remaining 22% is affected by other factors not examined in this study.
Dampak Penggunaan Media Sosial Terhadap Hasil Belajar Geografi Siswa
Authors: Tifani Andi Aulia
Published: July 2019

This study aims to: determine the intensity of social media usage on General High School students in Palopo City and find out the effect of social media usage on student geography learning outcomes. The variables in this study are the use of social media consisting of 4 indicators, namely 1) owned social media accounts, 2) intensity of accessing social media, 3) the use of social media, and 4) the impact of using social media. This type of research is quantitative descriptive. The population in this study were 2298 students and 10% of the samples were taken, 230 students. Sampling in this study using Simple random sampling technique. With. The results showed that 230 students taken in this study accessed social media in the highest frequency a day at> 5 hours a day, which was 61 students or 26.52% and from 6 schools studied only 3 schools where social media had an effect on learning outcomes the geography of students with a large influence of 10-15% with a weak degree of relationship, while the factors that cause social media to influence student learning outcomes come from internal and external factors of the students themselves. while the other 3 schools, where social media does not affect learning outcomes because they tend to use social media for the benefit of entertainment, friendship, online games, and others. Because the influence of the use of social media is weak and is only found in 3 schools, in this study Social Media has no effect on student geography learning outcomes.
Peran Lembaga Tudang Sipulung dalam Pengelolaan Usaha Tani di Kabupaten Bone
Authors: Firdayanti Firdayanti
Published: July 2019

The results of this study show that: 1) there are no differences in the implementation of tudang sipulung at the district, sub-district and village level, except the participants. Thoseattending the village level are POKTAN, village extension officers, village security apparatus, POPT sub-district, Irrigation Department, in the Districts drained GAPOKTAN in all Sub-Districts, Sub-District Heads, security apparatus, PU. Irrigation,and POPT. The District Level presents stakeholders from the province and representatives from 27 sub-districts including the head of sub-district, POKTAN, PPL, Pananrang, corporate partners, experts and stakeholders. 2) Pananrang uses the calculation of the moon cycle, i.e. Muharram, observes natural phenomena and synchronizes between the phenomena with the Sipariamacalendar (an eight-year of the Hijri calendar) and the Gregorian calendar. 3) The problems resolution of tudang sipulung are the slow and less seed distribution so that the farmers undertake an initiative to provide themselves under the guidance of PPL, rare and expensivefertilizers, irrigation and pests. 4) The results of Pananrang and BMKG prediction are: the rain for the wet season (April-September) is almost the same related to the beginning planting season, i.e. the fourth week of April - early August, major pests are stem borer, planthopper and rats, the technology applied are direct seed planting tools, transplanterand direct planting in managing rice fields and seed varieties used per sector are ciliwungin the Bone Kota sector; IR 66, Ciliwung and inpari 30 in Bone West sector;inpari 30 in Bone Selatan sector; mekongga, sentani 14, ciliwung and inpari 30 in Bone Timursector; ciliwung, inpari 30, inpari 33 and cigelis in Bone Utara sector.
Implementasi Pembimbingan Berkelanjutan Dapat Meningkatkan Kompetensi Guru dalam Menyusun Perangkat Pembelajaran Khususnya RPP pada MTs Yapit Malakaji Kabupaten Gowa
Authors: Aminah St
Published: July 2019

This school action research uses a continuous mentoring model. The purpose of this model is for teachers to improve their competence in developing learning tools. More specifically this PTS is to obtain an overview of the teacher's understanding in preparing a complete RPP and implementing it in class.There are four stages that become the focus of problem solving to improve teacher competence in preparing a complete RPP, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection.Based on data analysis in cycle I and II, continuous mentoring can improve teacher competence in preparing lesson plans. This can be proven from the results of observations which show that there is a significant increase in teacher competency in preparing lesson plans from cycle to cycle. In Cycle I there were 8 teachers or 34.78% whose performance scores were in the high category while in Cycle II there were 19 teachers or 82.61%. This shows an increase of 47.83%.
Kentsel Ulaşımda Esnek, Akıllı ve Yeni Bir Planlama Yaklaşımı: Sürdürülebilir Kentsel Hareketlilik Planları
Authors: KORKMAZYÜREK Burak , POLAT Erkan
Published: July 2019

Kentler;
hızla artan nüfus ve gelişme baskılarından kaynaklanan doğrudan/dolaylı ve
olumlu/olumsuz etkiler sonucunda doğal kaynakları ve üretim alanlarını tüketerek
ilerleyen birer organizma görünümündedirler. Kentleri bilinen tüm yönleriyle ve
planlama araçları vasıtasıyla kontrol etme çabası, bu karmaşık ve dinamik yapı
yaşamın ve hareketliliğin kendisini içerisinde barındırdığından yetersiz
kalmaktadır. Dünyada
olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de hareketlilik, fiziksel altyapıya dayalı araç odaklı
ulaşım olarak algılanmaktadır. Bu sebeple planlamacılar, ilgili tüm
kurum/kuruluş ve sorumlular artan araç hareketliliğinin getirdiği sorunlara
sürekli çözüm arayışı içerisindedir. Bu çözüm arayışları Avrupa kıtasında
özellikle 2000’li yıllarda etkisini göstermeye başlamıştır. 2000’li yıllarda
Avrupa Birliği (AB) kentlerinde yaşam kalitesini arttırmak için sürdürülebilir,
entegre, esnek, akıllı ve yeni bir planlama yaklaşımı benimsenmiştir. Bu
dönemde AB kentleri de Türkiye’deki gibi kentsel ulaşım problemleriyle yüz yüze
gelmiş ve bu problemleri ulaşım ana planları ile çözemedikleri için, Avrupa
Komisyonu (AK) 2009 yılında Kentsel Hareketlilik Aksiyon Planı ve Sürdürülebilir
Kentsel Hareketlilik Planlarını bu sorunların çözümüne bir alternatif olarak
sunmuştur.Bu
makalede kentsel ulaşımda, esnek, akıllı ve yeni bir planlama yaklaşımı olan Sürdürülebilir
Kentsel Hareketlilik Planları değerlendirilmektedir. Sürdürülebilir Kentsel
Hareketlilik Planlaması, hareketlilikle ilgili kavramların Türkçe karşılıkları
ile birlikte irdelenmekte, Türkiye’de geliştirilmesi hedeflenen özgün
Sürdürülebilir Kentsel Hareketlilik Planı rehber literatürü oluşturulmaya
çalışılmaktadır.Kentsel
ulaşımda dünya kentlerinde, özellikle Avrupa kıtası kentlerinde, son çeyrek
asırda, Sürdürülebilir Kentsel Hareketlilik Planlarının araştırılıp, etkin bir
değerlendirme süreci ile birlikte, kentsel ulaşım problemleri çözümlemelerinde
kullanıldığı gözlenmektedir. Türkiye’de ise kentsel ulaşım çalışmalarının
modern anlayışın aksine geleneksel ulaşım planlama araçları sürdürüldüğü
anlaşılmaktadır.

Bu nedenle çıkarılan teorik sonuç, Sürdürülebilir Kentsel Hareketlilik
Planlarının kentsel ulaşımda en etkili planlama araçlarından biri olduğudur. Türkiye’de
kentlerin; özgün Sürdürülebilir Kentsel Hareketlilik Planı çalışmalarını
hazırlık, plan, uygulama ve izleme süreçleriyle ele alıp, ulaşım temelli
sorunlarını çözerek, kentsel yaşam kalitesini bu yolla arttırması gerekmektedir.
Estratégias para avaliação do desempenho clínico de estudantes de Odontologia
Authors: Gonçalves Patricia Valente Araújo Jacques , Pretti Henrique , Teixeira Karina I. R. , Magalhães Cláudia S. , Moreira Allyson Nogueira , Peixoto Rogéli T. R. C.
Published: July 2019

A avaliação do desempenho clínico de estudantes de Odontologia é muito importante para motivar o aprendizado. Este artigo propõe-se a apresentar uma revisão de literatura sobre métodos de avaliação de desempenho clínico e a desenvolver um protocolo para ser aplicado nas disciplinas do curso de Odontologia da UFMG. O Protocolo de Avaliação Clínica (PAC) foi elaborado a partir do Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) e do Structured Clinical Operative Test (SCOT), métodos de avaliação mais encontrados na literatura, com a finalidade de realizar uma avaliação objetiva do aprendizado do aluno em pontos relacionados a anamnese, diagnóstico, plano de tratamento, controle de infecção, técnicas, habilidade, comunicação e profissionalismo. A autoavaliação realizada pelos alunos também faz parte desse protocolo, sendo interessante para se diagnosticarem pontos fracos e virtudes dos estudantes. O PAC pode ser uma alternativa aos métodos convencionais de avaliação, reduzindo a subjetividade e tornando o processo avaliativo mais confiável e homogêneo.
Ações formativas no contexto universitário
Authors: Vilela Naiara Sousa , Melo Geovana Ferreira
Published: July 2019

O presente artigo aprofunda discussões referentes a uma investigação que teve como temática processos formativos de professores universitários. A pesquisa foi orientada pelos seguintes questionamentos: quais saberes são necessários para a prática do docente universitário? De que forma as ações formativas contribuíram para o desenvolvimento profissional dos professores? Objetivamos investigar a contribuição do curso oferecido pela Divisão de Formação Docente da instituição federal pesquisada e as mudanças ocorridas nas concepções de prática pedagógica dos docentes universitários. Realizamos uma análise qualitativa de dados, a partir da pesquisa bibliográfica, além de questionários e entrevistas junto aos professores de uma universidade pública da região do Triângulo Mineiro. A análise demonstrou transformações nas concepções desses docentes no que se refere aos aspectos das ações didático-pedagógicas que exercem, as quais destacamos construção e reconstrução de saberes e identidade profissional docente.
PROFIL PERSALINAN KEHAMILAN KEMBAR DI BLU RSUP PROF. DR. R. D. KANDOU MANADO PERIODE 01 JANUARI 2010 – 31 DESEMBER 2011
Authors: Tuange Angelina , Tendean Hermie M. M. , Wagey Freddy W.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: Background: Twin pregnancies is the pregnancies with two fetues or more. Nation, heredity, age and parity of mother are all factors affecting twin pregnancies. The main factors that increase the the possibilities of multiple pregnancy is the treatment of infertility. This study uses a retrospective descriptive through medical records at BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou in period January 01, 2010 – December 31, 2011. Conclusion: It is already found 97 cases of twin pregnancy deliveries from 7265 total deliveries. There are 85 cases with a history af multiple pregnancies in the family. Best mode of delivery by Sectio Caesarea as many as 47 cases. Perinatal mortality still occur due to complications and complications that occur during labor. Complications can occur at any time, so it is important with the availability of doctor who are experienced in handling complications of twin pregnancies, to produce the maximum infant output and minimize morbidity and mortality. Keyword: Maternity of twin pregnancies, number of incidence Abstrak: Latar belakang: Kehamilan kembar adalah kehamilan dengan dua janin atau lebih. Bangsa, hereditas, umur, dan paritas ibu merupakan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kehamilan kembar. Faktor utama yang meningkatkan kemungkinan terjadinya kehamilan kembar adalah terapi infertilitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode retrospektif deskriptif melalui rekam medik di BLU RSUP Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou periode 01 Januari 2010 – 31 Desember 2011. Simpulan: Ditemukan 97 kasus persalinan kehamilan kembar dari 7265 total persalinan. Paling banyak ditemukan pada umur 21 – 25 tahun. Terdapat 85 kasus yang memiliki riwayat kehamilan kembar dalam keluarga. Cara persalinan yang paling banyak dengan cara Seksio Sesarea sebanyak 47 kasus. Angka kematian perinatal masih saja terjadi disebabkan oleh komplikasi dan penyulit yang terjadi saat persalinan. Komplikasi dapat terjadi kapan saja, sehingga sangat penting akan tersedianya dokter yang berpengalaman dalam penanganan komplikasi dari kehamilan kembar untuk menghasilkan luaran bayi yang maksimal dan meminimalkan morbiditas dan mortalitas. Kata kunci: Persalinan kehamilan kembar, angka kejadian