bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REFORMULASI DAN SOSIALISASI KONSEP AMAR MAâ€™RUF NAHI MUNGKAR DALAM BIDANG HUKUM
Authors: Jauhari Iman
Published: February 2021

Tujuan tulisan ini adalah reformulasi dan sosialisasi konsep amar maâ€™ruf nahi mungkar dalam bidang hokum yang berarti penegakan hkum. Metode yang digunakan adalah content analysis (analisis isi) dari referensi yang relevan dengan masalah yang dibahas. Reformulasi dan sosialisasi konsep amar maâ€™ruf nahi mungkar dalam bidang hokum perlu dilakukan dalam masyarakat Indonesia yang terus berubah. Perubahan itu perlu dikendalikan oleh system hokum nasional dengan hukum Islam sebagai salah satu unsure penting pembentukannya. Hukum nasional memuat aspirasi dan melindungi kepentingan rakyat Indonesia ditaati dan ditegakkan oleh penyelenggara Negara serta penegak hokum mulai dari atas (pusat) sampai ke tingkat paling bawah dan pemulihan kedudukan pengadilan sebagai benteng terakhir keadilan. Amr maâ€™ruf nahi mungkar adalah gerakan dakwah tetap, yang konsekuen menegakkan kebajikan mulai dari diri sendiri diteruskan pada orang lain serta sungguh-sungguh mencegah kejahatan diri dan orang lain baik perorangan maupun masyarakat, secara serentak dan bijaksana, diiringi argumentasi yang meyakinkan serta tutur kata yang baik dengan selalu memperhitungkan situasi dan kondisi pada suatu masa dan tempat.Â Kata kunci: Reformulasi dan Sosialisasi, Konsep Amr Maâ€™ruf Nahi Mungkar
TANGGUNG JAWAB SOSIAL DAN LINGKUNGAN ATAS KEGIATAN USAHA PERSEROAN TERBATAS
Authors: Mali Sulaiman
Published: February 2021

Tulisan ini membahas peranan tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan khususnya terhadap lingkungan sekitar. Pembahasannya menggunakan konstruksi pembangunan perekonomian nasional yang diselenggarakan berdasarkan demokrasi ekonomi dengan prinsip kebersamaan, efisiensi, berkelanjutan, berwawasan lingkungan, kemandirian serta menjaga keseimbangan kemajuan dan kesatuan ekonomi nasional bertujuan mensejahterakan masyarakat. Beberapa strategi yang dapat dilakukan oleh perusahaan yaitu proses tanggung jawab social dan lingkungan oleh perusahaan pada saat ini dilihat memang berjalan sendiri-sendiri walaupun tujuannya sama yaitu menerapkan apa yang dimaksud tanggung jawab social dan lingkungan karena mereka berangkat dari interpretasi mereka sendiri, selama belum ada skenario pola pengaturan yang jelas.Â Kata kunci: tanggung jawab sosial perusahaan terhadap lingkunganÂ
Pelaksanaan Rahasia Dagang di Kawasan Industri Medan (KIM) 1 Sumatra Utara
Authors: Tanjung Aminah
Published: February 2021

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara berkembang yang menjadi sasaran penerapan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) beriringan dengan meningkatnya pembangunan perekonomian negara dalam bidang perdagangan, industri, dan ekonomi khususnya di Asia Tenggara.Â  Sebagai kota ketiga terbesar di Indonesia berdasarkan perekonomiannya Kota Medan memiliki sebuah kawasan industri yang dikenal dengan nama Kawasan Industri Medan (KIM) I dengan beragam fasilitas kegiatan industri, bisnis, perdagangan yang modern dan terkelola secara profesional. RahasiaÂ  dagangÂ  merupakanÂ  salahÂ  satu bentuk dari hakÂ  kekayaanÂ  intelektualÂ  yang diberikan perlindungan oleh pemerintah melalui peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia. Dalam perkembangannya masalah perdagangan dan industri tidak hanya berkaitan dengan barang dan jasa semata-mata, tetapi di dalamnya juga terlibat sumber daya lain berupa informasi yang berguna bagi kegiatan usaha dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi dalam menjalankan kegiatan usaha industri maupun perdagangan.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Pertama menjelaskan perlindungan hukum rahasia dagang industri dan kaitannya dengan bidang industri di Indonesia. Kedua menjelaskan mekanisme kerja industri dalam menjaga / melindungi kerahasiaan dagang yang berkaitan dengan industri di Indonesia. Ketiga menjelaskan kawasan industri dalam memberikan perlindungan hukum yang memadai terhadap kerahasiaan dagang setiap industri yang beroperasi di dalam Kawasan Industri Medan.PerlindunganÂ Â  terhadapÂ Â  rahasiaÂ Â  dagangÂ Â  diberikanÂ Â  secaraÂ Â  otomatisÂ Â  (tanpa pendaftaran)Â  danÂ  diberikanÂ  selamaÂ  kerahasiaanÂ  terjagaÂ  danÂ  tidakÂ  diumumkan. Terjamin dalam Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 30 Tahun 2000. Pasal 2 UURD menyatakan: Lingkup perlindungan rahasia dagang meliputi metode produksi, metode pengolahan, metode penjualan, atau informasi lain di bidang teknologi dan/atau bisnis yang memiliki nilai ekonomi dan tidak diketahui oleh masyarakat umum. Untuk mempertahankan eksistensi rahasia dagang maka pemilik rahasia dagang harus melakukan langkah-langkah konkret untuk melindunginya.Di Indonesia, masalah kerahasiaan itu terdapat di dalam beberapa aturan yang terpisah, yang belum merupakan satu sistem aturan terpadu.Kata Kunci. Rahasia Dagang, Kawasan Industri
HAK ANAK YANG MENGIKUTI ORANG TUA YANG SEDANG MENJALANI PEMIDANAAN PADA LEMBAGA PEMBINAAN KHUSUS ANAK (LPKA) DI LHOKNGA
Authors: Hermansyah Aidi
Published: February 2021

Tulisan ini dimaksudkan untuk menjelaskan faktor penyebab anak terpaksa harus mengikuti orang tuanya menjalani pemidanaan, hak-hak apa saja yang diberikan pada anak yang mengikuti orang tua yang sedang menjalani pemidanann dan faktor yang mempengaruhi terhambatnya pemenuhan hak anak yang mengikuti orang tua yang sedang menjalani pemidanaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab anak harus mengikuti orang tuanya karena faktor kebutuhan ibu, faktor tidak adanya keluarga yang mau mengasuh dan faktor kekhawatiran jika ditinggalkan. Sementara Hak-hak yang harus dipenuhi untuk anak yang mengikuti orang tua yang menjalani pemidanaan adalah hak makan dan makanan pendamping, hak imunisasi, hak pelayanan kesehatan, perlengkapan bayi dan juga kebebasan bermain. Hambatan dalam upaya pemenuhan hak anak antara lain, prasarana yang belum memadai, seperti ruang khusus bayi, tidak ada petugas pendamping khusus anak, tidak ada arena bermain, anggaran yang terbatas dan tidak adanya terlibat pihak eksternal dalam upaya pemenuhan hak anak tersebut. Padahal berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 32 Tahun 1999 tentang Tata Syarat Warga Binaan Pemasyarakatan Pasal 20 ayat (3) bahwa â€œAnak dari Narapidana wanita yang dibawa ke dalam Lapas ataupun yang lahir di Lapas dapat diberi makanan tambahan atas petunjuk dokter, paling lama sampai anak berumur 2 (dua) tahunâ€ dan Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Pemasyarakatan Nomor : PAS-14.02.02 Tahun 2014 tentang Standar Pelayanan Pemasyarakatan. Walaupun telah ada payung hukum untuk memberikan pelayanan terhadap anak yang mengikuti orang tua menjalani pemidanaan, akan tetapi dalam realitanya pemenuhan hak-hak anak tersebut belumlah memadai.Kata Kunci : hak Anak, mengikuti orang tua, menjalani pemidanaan.
PENEMPATAN NARAPIDANA ANAK DENGAN NARAPIDANA DEWASA DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN LHOKNGA
Authors: Chatias Riza
Published: February 2021

Anak adalah seorang yang belum cukup umur atau seorang yang belum dewasa dan perlu perhatian khusus dari setiap tindakan hukum, guna terjaminnya hak-hak anak yangÂ berhadapan dengan hukum. Pasal 28B ayat (2) Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, menjaminÂ setiap anak berhak atas kelangsungan hidup tumbuh dan berkembang serta berhak atasÂ perlindungan dari kekerasan dan diskriminasi. Perlindungan tersebut juga berlaku padaÂ anak yang berada dalam Lembaga Pemasyarakatan. Lembaga pemasyarakatan yangÂ digunakan untuk membina anak yang berstatus Narapidana dipisahkan dengan lembagaÂ pemasyarakatan untuk membina Narapidana dewasa. Undang-Undang No. 12 Tahun 1995Â tentang Pemasyarakatan, dalam Pasal 18 ayat (1) disebutkan: â€œAnak pidana ditempatkanÂ di LAPAS anakâ€. Hasil penelitian menyatakan saat ini banyak anak yang ditempatkan diÂ LAPAS dengan narapidana dewasa. diharapkan Narapidana anak tidak lagi ditempatkanÂ dengan orang Narapidana dewasa, sehingga pemenuhan hak-hak Narapidana anak diÂ Lembaga Pemasyarakatan dapat terpenuhi hak-hak anak secara efektif, sesuai denganÂ amanat peraturan perundang-undangan. Untuk dapat terpenuhinya hak-hak Narapidanadi Lembaga Pemasyarakatan anak harus dipisahkan dari Narapidana dewasa, karenaÂ hak-hak anak harus diutamakan daripada hak-hak orang dewasa.Â Kata Kunci: Anak, Narapidana, Tahanan Dewasa, Penjara.
TANGGUNG JAWAB PEMERINTAH ACEH TERHADAP PRA PENEMPATAN TENAGA KERJA DI LUAR NEGERI
Authors: Rusnin Rusnin
Published: February 2021

Pasal 1 ayat (1) Undang-undang No. 39 tahun 2004 tentang Penempatan Dan PerlindunganÂ Tenaga Kerja Indonesia Di Luar Negeri, tenagakerja ialah tenagakerja Indonesia yangÂ selanjutnya disebut dengan (TKI) setiap warga negara Indonesia yang memenuhiÂ syarat untuk bekerja di luar negeri dalam hubungan kerja untuk jangka waktu tertentuÂ dengan menerima upah. Tujuan penelitian ini mencari alternatif pemecahan masalahÂ yang dihadapi. Berdasarkan Objek masalah terdapat 2 (dua) penelitian yang digunakanÂ dalam tesis ini, penelitian hukum yuridis dan penelitian hukum empiris. tanggung jawabÂ pemerintah aceh terhadap pra penempatan tenaga kerja di luar negeri, masih banyakÂ permasalahan hukum yang dijumpai dalam melakukan pengawasan pra penempatanÂ TKI seperti tumpang tindih kewenagan atara instansi, serta aturan hukum yang lebihÂ mengatur prosedural, dan hanya sedikit mengatur hak TKI, dan perlindungan hukum.Â Disarankan kepada pihak Pemerintah Aceh akan perlunya analisis dan pengkajianÂ penyelarasan antara peraturan perundang-undangan tentang TKI agar tidak ada tumpangtindih dan saling berbenturan antara regulasi. Dan memberikan penegasan terhadap izinÂ usaha PPTKIS.Â Kata kunci: Tanggung Jawab Pemerintah Aceh Pra Penempatan Tenaga Kerja
Tinjauan Yuridis Pencabutan Pasal 57 dan Pasal 60 Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2006 Tentang Pemerintahan Aceh
Authors: Daudy Muhammad Heikal , Kaloko Fachrurrozi
Published: February 2021

Article 269 paragraph (3) of Law Number 11 of 2006 on the Government ofAceh (UUPA) states "In the event that a planned amendment to this Law iscarried out by, first consult and has Aceh House of representatives (DPRA) consideration". Revocation of Article 57 and Article 60 of the UUPA through Law Number 7 of 2017 on General Elections by the Indonesian House of Reprsentatives (DPR RI) was not in accordance with the applicable laws and regulations because the DPR RI does not consult and is not based on DPRA considerations as mandated by Article 8 paragraph (2) and Article 269 paragraph (3) of the UUPA, and the impact of losing Aceh's specificity due to the takingover of the authority of the DPRA in recruitment, membership composition, procedures for filling members of the Independent Election Commission (KIP) to the Central KPU as well as the authority in electing members of the Aceh Election Supervisory Committee (Panwaslih) conducted under the UUPA.
Pemidanaan Bagi Pelaku Tindak Pidana Penganiayaan Biasa
Authors: Nurhafifah Nurhafifah , Pahlevi Reza
Published: February 2021

violence or persecution is a problem that always arises in the midst of society. Legally the criminal acts of persecution have been regulated in Article 351 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code (KUHP), with a maximum imprisonment of up to 2 years. The purpose of this study is to explain the factors causing the occurrence of criminal acts of persecution, as well as the efforts taken in order to cope with the occurrence of criminal acts of ordinary persecution. Data in this study were obtained through library research and field research. The results showed that the factors causing the occurrence of criminal acts of persecution are the nature of emotions or heartaches caused by a dispute. Efforts taken in order to overcome the occurrence of criminal acts of persecution are usually done with repressive efforts. This action can be seen as a precaution for the future so that ordinary perpetrators of criminal offenses do not repeat the crime (recidivist)
Vyg old believers, traditional shipping and shipbuilding of the White Sea-Onega basin.
Authors:   Institute of History of St. Petersburg State University, Elizarkov Nikita A.
Published: February 2021

The author suggests social & cultural problems considered economic & technological aspect of surviving the Old Believer religious community within historical context of the Russian North on the base of published narrative sources. It’s known about shipbuilding, navigation, trade and manufacture tradition of the Vygoretsia priestless Old Believer cloister —a great center of the Ortodox religious minority in the XVIIIth century Russian Empire. But what meant cooperation within the Vyg river Pomorian priestless “Old Belief”community for national commerce and trade on the European North?
Хибины и Имандра в годы Гражданской войны и союзнической интервенции: страницы истории.
Authors:   Murmansk Arctic State University, Sushko Eugene O.
Published: February 2021

The paper present study of sources mentioning Khibiny and Imandra in the context of Russian Civil War and North Russia intervention during the period 1918–1920. The state of published Russian and foreign sources on this topic is determined. Sources of various types are considered: maps, photos, memories of participants of events, official documents and others. Information from many sources has been analyzed. Despite the sparsely populated and inaccessible area of Khibiny and Imandra, this area became the scene of confrontation between the Bolsheviks and their opponents, as well as other places on the Kola Peninsula.
The prewar years in the Murmansk region on the example of Kirovsk.
Authors:   Barents Centre of the Humanities FRC KSC RAS, Strelnikov Vladimir V.
Published: February 2021

The article is devoted to the preparations for the Great Patriotic War. This topic is not adequately covered in the historiography of the Murmansk region, especially on the material of individual cities in the region. n the article. The data obtained asa result of working with archival sources in State archive of the Murmansk region in the city Kirovsk is given. They are associated, first of all, with activities related to mobilization readiness of healthcare, air defense and chemical defense of the city. The results of this activity in the pre-war period were considered unsatisfactory.
Mesoionic tetrazolium-5-aminides: Synthesis, molecular and crystal structures, UV–vis spectra, and DFT calculations
Authors: Budevich Vladislav A , Voitekhovich Sergei V , Zuraev Alexander V , Matulis Vadim E , Matulis Vitaly E , Lyakhov Alexander S , Ivashkevich Ludmila S , Ivashkevich Oleg A
Published: February 2021

Tetrazolium-5-aminides have been prepared by the tert-butylation of 5-aminotetrazole and its N-methyl derivatives by the t-BuOH/HClO4 system followed by the treatment of the tetrazolium salts by alkali. The mesoionic compounds have been found to show a higher reactivity of the exocyclic N atom in comparison with 5-aminotetrazoles. The compounds reacted with 1,2-dibromoethane and 5-(methylsulfonyl)-1-phenyl-1H-tetrazole with substitution of bromine and methylsulfonyl groups giving the corresponding tetrazolium salts or conjugate aminides. The obtained mesoionic tetrazoles have been characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, NMR, and UV–vis spectroscopy, TGA/DSC analysis and for 1,3-di-tert-butyltetrazolium-5-aminide, its N,N’-ethylene-bridged bis-derivative and (1,3-di-tert-butyl-1H-tetrazol-3-ium-5-yl)(1-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)amide by single crystal X-ray analysis. The structural and spectral features of the tetrazolium-5-aminides are discussed by using quantum-chemical calculations.
Purwarupa Differential Global Navigation Satellite System Dengan Metode Real Time Kinematik Berbasis Radio Link Type Htox
Authors: Surono Surono , Kusuma Adhi , Kurniawan Endro Sigit
Published: February 2021

Purwarupa Differential Global Navigation Satellite System bertujuan untuk meningkatkan akurasi dari receiver GNSS, dengan menambahkan referensi stasiun lokal untuk menambah informasi yang diterima dari satelit. Differential Global Navigation Satellite System ini menggunakan metode real time kinematik yang berbasiskan pada carrier phase (besaran sudut) dalam penentuan posisi data secara relatif dengan tingkat ketelitian mencapai satuan milimeter. Sistem RTK menggunakan data pengamatan fase data atau koreksi fase dikirim secara seketika dari stasiun referensi ke receiver pengguna. Hasil dari purwarupa adalah reciever GNSS geodetik berbasis radio link yang bisa diprogram agar bisa menghasilkan raw data. Pemrograman menggunakan software RTKLIB seri b33 dengan aplikasi RTKnavi untuk logging data.
The best way to drink in Beja and beyond: water and milk
Authors: Vanhove Martine , Hamid Ahmed Mohamed-Tahir
Published: February 2021

In the Beja society of the eastern arid zone of Sudan, water and milk are essential beverages for survival, and are also salient elements of the culture as reflected by a rich lexicon. This paper shows how social rules, time intervals, and incompleteness are encoded in monolexemic drinking and milking items, as well as lexical differences based on the animacy hierarchy between humans and animals in the domain of thirst. The structure of the Beja lexicon is compared with that of other African languages, and the Beja social rules related to drinking and milking are illustrated with two anecdotes extracted from oral literature texts.
Absolute-relative tense in Old Kanembu: foregrounding by posterior taxis
Authors: Bondarev Dmitry
Published: February 2021

Old Kanembu is an extinct Saharan language that survives in annotations to the Qur’anic manuscripts of the 17th to 18th century. The past and future categories of Old Kanembu are absolute-relative tenses with posterior taxis as their orientational mechanism. The posterior location of events in temporal domains is tied up with the communicative goal of guiding the recipient through the complex Qur’anic discourse so that the foreground information and prominent elements are clearly set off against the background events. Similar properties are reported for the past and future tenses in Kanuri and therefore the Old Kanembu data corroborates a previously postulated hypothesis that the past and future in Kanuri are inherently focus categories (Wolff & Löhr 2006). Given that complexity of the Kanuri TAM system – significantly more elaborated than in the other Saharan languages – was triggered by the contact with Chadic languages and that Old Kanembu preserves archaic features going back to the 16th century and beyond, the semantic properties of the Old Kanembu past and future provide additional evidence of early Chadic influence on Kanuri.
An attempt at automatic synctactic analysis on Corbama, the Bamana reference corpus
Authors: Méric Jean-Jacques
Published: February 2021

Building on a well-developed set of tools to help manual editing of syntactic analysis of a Bamana text corpus, the author has made an attempt at rulebased classical programming to automate as much as possible the process. This is not a state-of-the-art approach but it has proved feasible and temporary fi lls a gap in the huge amount of work at hand.
The detransitivizing suffix -i and the reconstruction of Pre-Proto-Mande constituent order
Authors: Creissels Denis
Published: February 2021

The uniformity and total rigidity of the SOVX constituent order across Mande languages constitutes a typological oddity, which led several scholars to discuss the possibility of analyzing it as historically derived from a typologically more common constituent order. In this article, I show that the hypothesis of a historical link between a detransitivizing suffix -i found in some West Mande languages and a reflexive pronoun reconstructable as í has implications for the reconstruction of Pre-Proto-Mande constituent order.
Tomás Navarro Tomás, entre dos continentes
Authors: Cortés Ibáñez Emilia
Published: February 2021

The Spanish Civil War led a lot of people into exile and marked a before and after in their lives, many of whom had to a great extent reinvent themselves and as is the case of those mentioned here never returned to Spain. The United States of America and Mexico were two of the countries that received many of the Spanish intellectuals as was the case of Navarro Tomás and Giménez Siles, respectively. United through blood ties, both of them resolved to carry on their lives pursuing their careers as a university professor and researcher, and a bookseller and publisher; some of their friends, like Federico de Onís and Juan Ramón Jiménez, whom they were reunited with in exile, found a similar solution. All of them left Spain with their families and had to adjust to a new situation, to a new way of life and their grief for Spain. Epistolary writing, so frequent and common during XX Century, is an endless source of life stories, expressions of feelings, attitudes towards life in all its various facets of information.
Lezuza en el contexto de las guerras carlistas. La facción del cura de Alcabón fue masacrada en 1874
Authors: Munera Martínez J. Ángel
Published: February 2021

On the 27th of December in 1874 a confrontation happened in Pradorrendondo, a small village of the town of Lezuza, between the liberal troops, led by the Lieutenant Colonel Portillo, and the Priest Party of Alcabón, in which 120 Carlists were slaughtered. This incident will cause what has been called “The Legend of the Ball”. The leader of the party, don Lucio Dueñas, priest of Alcabón, was one of the most famous guerrilla priests of the Third Carlist War, and his biography has been reconstructed through the historical press. The research article is complemented with other events occurred in Lezuza and its region during the First Carlist War
HAK MENGUASAI NEGARA DI KAWASAN HUTAN: BEBERAPA INDIKATOR MENILAI PELAKSANAANNYA
Authors: A. Safitri Myrna
Published: February 2021

AbstrakKementerian Kehutanan (sekarang berganti menjadi Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan) sedang menjalankan program percepatan pengukuhan kawasan hutan. Tujuannya antara lain menciptakan kawasan hutan yang berkepastian hukum dan berkeadilan. Meskipun demikian, persoalan lebih mendasar dari percepatan pengukuhan kawasan itu adalah memperjelas alas hak penguasaan pemerintah dan masyarakat pada tanah-tanah yang termasuk ke dalam kawasan hutan.Tulisan ini bertujuan menjelaskan konsep-konsep hukum terkait dengan penguasaan tanah di dalam kawasan hutan.Bagaimana penguasaan dimaksud dapat memberikan kepastian hukum sekaligus keadilan bagi masyarakat dan pemerintah.Sebagai basis dalam membangun konstruksi ini adalah elaborasi konsep penguasaan negara atas kawasan hutan atau dikenal dengan hak menguasai negara.Bagaimana indikator menilai pelaksanaan hak menguasai negara itu dan bagaimana indikator tersebut digunakan untuk menilai regulasi dan praktik pengukuhan kawasan hutan adalah inti dari tulisan ini.AbstractThe Ministry of Forestry (now merged as Ministry of Environment and Forestry) is currently conducting acceleration of forest area gazettement program. The goal, among others, is to create forest area with legal certainty and justice. Nevertheless, the more fundamental issue than the acceleration of forest area designation is the clarification of government land tenure and public land tenure on lands belong to the forest area. This paper aims to explain legal concepts related to the land tenure in the forest area. How the tenure could give legal certainty and justice at the same time for both society and government. The foundation of this paper is the elaboration of state control over forest areas concept, known as the state right to control. How the indicators used in assessing the implementation of the state right to control and how these indicators are used to assess the regulation and practices of forest area designation are the two core question of this paper.
HAK BIOKULTURAL MASYARAKAT DALAM KEBIJAKAN KONSERVASI SUMBER DAYA HAYATI
Authors: Fajrini Rika
Published: February 2021

AbstrakTulisan ini akan membahas mengenai perkembangan hak biokultural dalam hukum internasional dan bagaimana kebijakan dan hukum konservasi Indonesia mengakomodasi hak biokultural masyarakat. Dari penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa hak biokultural masyarakat adat dan masyarakat lokal sudah mendapatkan pengakuan di beberapa instrumen hukum lingkungan internasional. Peraturan konservasi Indonesia pun telah mengakui hak biokultural masyarakat yang biasa diasosiasikan dengan kearifan lokal dan hak ulayat. Namun sejauh mana pengakuan ini diwujudkan dalam tindakan dan mekanisme konkrit di lapangan masih memerlukan perbaikan. Kebijakan konservasi saat ini pun lebih menempatkan negara sebagai aktor utama konservasi, hal ini membuat konservasi yang berbasis pengampuan masyarakat menjadi terabaikan. AbstractThis paper will discuss about the development of biocultural right in international environmental law and how Indonesia policy and law on conservation accomodates communities biocultural right. This research found that biocultural right have been recognized in several international law instrument and jurisprudence. Meanwhile, Indonesia law and policy on conservation also have acknowledge biocultural right which is usually associated with the term of local wisdom and customary right, However, improvement is still needed in term of translating this regulation into concrete action and system of conservation management. The current policy conservation centered around state as the main actor, this situation make the conservation based on community’s stewardship is neglected.
ASPEK HUKUM DALAM PELESTARIAN SUMBER DAYA GENETIK LAUT: KEBUTUHAN DAN TANTANGAN
Authors: Fatimah Isna
Published: February 2021

AbstrakPelestarian sumber daya genetik laut (SDG laut) merupakan kegiatan yang meliputi upaya-upaya pemanfaatan dan pelindungan SDG laut sebagai investasi potensial dalam mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan. Sebagai negara yang dianugerahi kemewahan wilayah laut kepulauan, seharusnya perhatian terhadap SDG laut sudah mengemuka. Sayangnya, Indonesia belum mempunyai kerangka hukum yang komprehensif dalam mengatur pelestarian SDG laut. Tulisan ini bermaksud memberikan gambaran tentang kebutuhan dan tantangan Indonesia dalam mengatur pelestarian SDG laut. Fokus penulisan dibatasi pada aspek hukum dalam manajemen pemanfaatan dan pelindungan SDG laut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan normatif dengan menelaah perjanjian internasional yang telah diratifikasi Indonesia, berkenaan dengan hukum laut dan keanekaragaman hayati, serta beberapa peraturan nasional lain yang terkait. Adapun berbagai teori dan informasi pendukung diperoleh melalui data dan bahan hukum sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan sekaligus menjadi tantangan dalam membangun kerangka hukum pelestarian SDG laut meliputi: (1) pembuatan kerangka kebijakan integratif tentang penguasaan negara dan hak masyarakat atas pemanfaatan SDG laut; (2) penguatan koordinasi antar instansi yang mengemban fungsi terkait pelestarian SDG laut; dan (3) penguatan dan harmonisasi berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan terkait pelestarian SDG laut. AbstractThe scope of preserving marine genetic resources (MGRs) shall involve the act of utilization and protection towards sowing potential benefits to reach sustainable development. Privileged by its archipelagic form, Indonesia should have been in the forefront in valuing the importance of MGRs. Unfortunately, comprehensive regulations on the preservation of MGRs are not yet exist in Indonesia. This article aims to give description on the needs and challenges to regulate preservation of MGRs in Indonesia. This article is focusing on legal aspect in the management of utilization and protection of MGRs. Method conducted for this research is normative approach by analyzing ratified international agreements regarding law of the sea and biodiversity and other relevant national regulations. Meanwhile, supporting theories and information are obtained through secondary data and literature of laws. The research shows that needs as well as challenges in designing legal framework on MGRs requires: (1) creating integrative policy on State’s sovereignty and people’s right over MGRs utilization; (2) strengtening coordination among institutions; and (3) strengthening and harmonizing regulations related to MGRs.
Finding their Place in the World: Using Digital Storytelling to Understand the Intersections Between Students Technology Use and their Work, Life, Play and Learning
Authors: Bryant Peter
Published: February 2021

Understanding how and with your students participate in learning and how technology and social media supports that learning is a key challenge for modern higher education institutions. Learning practices intersect personal, professional and educational lives in complex, inter-connected and personally defined and managed ways. Drawing on the analysis of digital stories told by 100 students at the University of Sydney Business School, this paper will explore the unique methodological approaches of digital storytelling and student-led research to understanding how technology shapes and intersects the learning experience. It will also identify how students use technology (and especially extended forms of social media) to forms connections between their work, life, play and learning.
Virtual Reality Training for Aviation Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (Vi-Mro 1.0)
Authors: Van Vooren Joke
Published: February 2021

The economic crisis of 2008–2013 had a huge impact on the industry and this was no different within aviation. During this period the number of recruitments within the industry was kept on a bare minimum, resulting in an ageing workforce today. According to the Q4 2017 Educavia survey on the employment by age and sector over 46% of the staff in the Aviation Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul (MRO) sector in Belgium and the Netherlands is over 50 years old. The sector indicates to be looking for extra and “younger” aviation mechanics to guarantee the continuity of the sector, but is announcing at the same time that there simply aren’t enough suitable candidates.
Aplikasi Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Berbasis Web (Studi Kasus Torus Jaya Mandiri)
Authors: Raharjo Joko S. Dwi , Sidik Achmad , Marbun Nurhayati
Published: February 2021

Koperasi simpan pinjam adalah koperasi yang menjalankan usaha simpan pinjam sebagai satu-satunya usaha yang dilaksanakan secara konvensional atau syariah. Koperasi simpan pinjam menyediakan pinjam uang kepada anggota sebagai peminjam berdasarkan perjanjian, yang mewajibkan peminjam untuk melunasi dalam jangka waktu tertentu dan membayar jasa. Koperasi Torus Jaya Mandiri merupakan koperasi simpan pinjam yang memberikan kredit kepada nasabah di wilayah Sangiang, Tangerang. Koperasi ini memiliki nasabah sebanyak 150 orang. Pengelolaan data simpan pinjam masih dilakukan secara manual sehingga menyebabkan kesalahan pencatatan data dan keterlambatan pembuatan laporan. Perancangan ini menggunakan metode waterfall yang digambarkan melalui UML (Unified Modelling Language), serta pengimplementasiannya menggunakan bahasa pemrograman PHP berorientasi objek dan menggunakan database  PhpMyAdmin. Sistem yang dirancang ini menghasilkan aplikasi simpan pinjam yang memudahkan pengguna dalam pengelolaan data dan pembuatan laporan menjadi lebih cepat, tepat dan akurat.
Informasi Penjualan pada UKM (Usaha Kecil Menengah) Tradisional dan Herbal Skincare Berbasis E-Commerce
Authors: Nurmaesah Nunung , Tullah Rahmat , Dhela Santya Widhitias Aprilia
Published: February 2021

Era sekarang, globalisasi pasar telah mempengaruhi perilaku perdagangan yang selalu berusaha untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Begitu juga Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM) yang juga dituntut untuk dapat mengikuti perkembangan pasar agar dapat bertahan dan meningkatkan market share. Namun demikian tidak semua produk-produk dari UKM dikenal luas oleh masyarakat. Hal ini disebabkan karena promosi yang dilakukan oleh UKM kalah bersaing dengan industri yang lebih besar. Begitu pula UKM milik Ibu Ayu yang kurangnya promosi dikarenakan penjualan produk hanya melalui media tatap muka dan transaksi dilakukan secara langsung dengan datang ke toko, selain itu penjualan lainnya pun hanya melalui media sosial pribadi yang mayoritas customer nya merupakan rekan-rekan terdekatnya. Adapun dalam pembuatan sistem ini, penulis memakai rancangan untuk menganalisa sistem rancangan menggunakan UML, dengan menggunakan bahasa pemograman PHP. Dengan aplikasi e-commerce dan perancangan ini diharapkan dapat memudahkan pelanggan dalam melakukan transaksi.
Identifying Black Hole Central Engines in Gamma-Ray Bursts
Authors: Sharma Vidushi , Iyyani Shabnam , Bhattacharya Dipankar
Published: February 2021

The nature of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) central engine still remains an enigma. Entities widely believed to be capable of powering the extreme jets are magnetars and black holes. The maximum rotational energy that is available in a millisecond magnetar to form a jet is ∼1052 erg. We identify eight long GRBs whose jet-opening angle-corrected energetics of the prompt emission episode are >1052 erg with high confidence level and, therefore, their central engines are expected to be black holes. The majority of these GRBs present significant emission in the sub-GeV energy range. The X-ray afterglow light curves of these bursts do not show any shallow decay behavior such as a plateau; however, a few cases exhibit flares and multiple breaks instead of a single power-law decay. For a minimum mass of the black hole (∼2 M
⊙), we find the efficiency of producing a jet from its rotational energy to range between 2% and 270%. Highly energetic jets requiring high efficiencies implies that either the mass of these black holes are much larger or there are, in addition, other sources of energy that power the jet. By considering the Blandford–Znajek mechanism of jet formation, we estimate the masses of these black holes to range between ∼2 and 60 M
⊙. Some of the lighter black holes formed in these catastrophic events are likely candidates to lie in the mass-gap region (2–5 M
⊙).
Antimicrobial Activity of Ultrasonic Extracts of Two Chemotypes of Thymus serpyllum L. of Central Kazakhstan and their Polyphenolic Profiles
Authors: Ivasenko Svetlana , Orazbayeva Perizat , Skalicka–Wozniak Krystyna , Ludwiczuk Agnieszka , Marchenko Alexandr , Ishmuratova Margarita , Poleszak Ewa , Korona-Glowniak Izabela , Akhmetova Saule , Karilkhan Islambek , Loseva Irina
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: The medicinal plant of Thymus serpyllum L. in nature, depending on the geographical region, climatic conditions, and growing environment, is represented with some chemotypes. Composition and quantitative content of the basic groups of the biologically active substances can be differed, and thus their biological properties are also various.
AIM: The aim of the study was to determine possibility of the using the ultrasonic extracts of two chemotypes of T. serpyllum L. of Central Kazakhstan as an antimicrobial agent against test strains of microorganisms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two samples of T. serpyllum were extracted with 70% ethanol using ultrasound. The polyphenol content of the ultrasound extracts was determined using the LC-ultraviolet-ESI- tandem mass spectrometry technique. A study of an antimicrobial activity of the ultrasonic extracts was performed with eight strains of Gram-positive bacteria, six strains of Gram-negative bacteria, and four cultures of fungi.
RESULTS: The ultrasonic extracts of two chemotypes of T. serpyllum L. are similar in composition of phenolic compounds but differ in a quantitative content of phenolic acids and flavonoids, except for a rosmarinic acid. The ultrasonic extracts have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity, exhibit the bactericidal or bacteriostatic activity against all tested bacteria and fungi at a concentration of 0.0625–20 mg/ml, but differ in their strength of action against test strains of microorganisms.
CONCLUSION: The ultrasonic extracts of two chemotypes of T. serpyllum L. of Central Kazakhstan can be considered as a potential drug with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. The results of chromatographic analysis will be used for standardization of a drug.
Garre’s Osteomyelitis of the Mandible: Report of 2 Cases
Authors: Makrami Ali Mohammed , Hakami Afaf Ali , Alhazmi Ahlam Ahmed , Shafei Ahlam Ahmed , Alnemi Mahasin Ahmed , Mohammed Ali Samsheer Kannambra , Ali Fareedi Mukram
Published: February 2021

BACKGROUND: Garre’s osteomyelitis is a rare type of chronic osteomyelitis that mainly affects children and young adults. This disease is commonly associated with an odontogenic infection resulting from dental caries. CASE REPORTS: This article describes two case reports of young boys with Garre’s osteomyelitis of mandible caused by odontogenic infection. RESULTS: The cases were managed by extraction followed by antibiotics and the healing was achieved uneventfully.
A new species of the genus Euseius Wainstein (Acari: Phytoseiidae) from Republic of Congo
Authors: Belle Mbou Okassa Mireille , Dibangou Valentin , Nianga Grace , Mbama Ntabi Dollon , Lenga Arsène
Published: February 2021

Several individuals belonging to the genus Euseius, have been collected from three host plants (cassava, okra, and chilli) in the Republic of the Congo. Previous molecular and morphological analysis (integrative approach) have shown that 1) morphological differences existed between the Euseius sp. and both E. neodossei and E. fustis, and 2) both mitochondrial DNA fragments considered (i.e., 12S rRNA and ITSS) showed a clear delineation between Euseius sp. and E. fustis. It was not possible to compare these species with E. neodossei (a morphologically close species) owing to the lack of DNA sequences in GenBank for this species. The purpose of this study was to describe a news species Euseius congolensis sp. nov from Republic of the Congo.
Molecular phylogeny suggests synonymy of Sandalia bridgesi within Sandalia triticea (Gastropoda: Ovulidae)
Authors: Wu Qiong , Xing BingPeng , Lin Mao , Chen GuangCheng , Wang ChunGuang
Published: February 2021

The Ovulidae are the most ecologically diverse family of the order Littorinimorpha. And the Sandalia is a small genus containing only three species. In the present study, we collected 44 specimens of Ovulidae (Gastropoda: Cypraeacea), belonging to six genera and eight species, including 20 Sandalia bridgesi and 2 Sandalia triticea individuals. The cytochrome c oxidase I gene (COI), 16S rRNA, and ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 sequences were obtained from the specimens and compared with sequences downloaded from GenBank to calculate genetic distances and construct phylogenetic trees. The sequences of S. bridgesi and S. triticea exhibited a high degree of similarity, and the S. bridgesi does not formed a separate clade, supporting the proposition that S. bridgesi should be considered a synonym of S. triticea.
A Salamander tale: Relative abundance, morphometrics and microhabitat of the critically endangered Mexican salamander Pseudoeurycea robertsi (Taylor, 1939)
Authors: Sunny Armando , Domínguez-Vega Hublester , Caballero-Viñas Carmen , Ramírez-Corona Fabiola , Suárez-Atilano Marco , González-Fernández Andrea
Published: February 2021

Roberts’ False Brook Salamander (Pseudoeurycea robertsi) is a critically endangered plethodontid salamander, endemic to the Nevado de Toluca Volcano (NTV), Mexico. Little is known about the biology and ecology of this species, including its microhabitats. Thus, this study aimed to collect basic information aboutP. robertsi. We sampled fourteen forested sites in the NTV; to corroborate the correct identification of the species we used genetic data, we assessed the variation in head morphometric measurements and dorsal colouration patterns amongst localities and the microhabitat features associated withP. robertsipresence. Of the four potential salamander species,P. robertsiwas the most abundant (89.80%) and widely distributed (approximately within 130 km2) salamander in the NTV. We did not find significant variations in morphometry; however, we found significant differences in dorsal patterns between populations (in the number and size of segments of the dorsal stripe). The average total length for 185 adults was 89.15 mm (38.7–117.9 mm); we found seven patterns of dorsal stripe. We found 98% ofP. robertsiindividuals under the bark of fallen logs inAbies religiosaandA. religiosa-Pinussp. forests, with a higher number of detected salamanders in naturally-fallen logs than in cut logs (34% vs. 10%). Thus, keeping well-preservedA. religiosaforests and retaining fallen logs is essential toP. robertsiconservation.
Cryptic diversity found in Didymellaceae from Australian native legumes
Authors: Keirnan Elizabeth C. , Tan Yu Pei , Laurence Matthew H. , Mertin Allison A. , Liew Edward C. Y. , Summerell Brett A. , Shivas Roger G.
Published: February 2021

Ascochyta koolunga (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales) was first described in 2009 (as Phoma koolunga) and identified as the causal agent of Ascochyta blight of Pisum sativum (field pea) in South Australia. Since then A. koolunga has not been reported anywhere else in the world, and its origins and occurrence on other legume (Fabaceae) species remains unknown. Blight and leaf spot diseases of Australian native, pasture and naturalised legumes were studied to investigate a possible native origin of A. koolunga.

Ascochyta koolunga was not detected on native, naturalised or pasture legumes that had leaf spot symptoms, in any of the studied regions in southern Australia, and only one isolate was recovered from P. sativum. However, we isolated five novel species in the Didymellaceae from leaf spots of Australian native legumes from commercial field pea regions throughout southern Australia. The novel species were classified on the basis of morphology and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region and part of the RNA polymerase II subunit B gene region. Three of these species, Nothophoma garlbiwalawardasp. nov., Nothophoma naiawusp. nov. and Nothophoma ngayawangsp. nov., were isolated from Senna artemisioides. The other species described here are Epicoccum djirangnandirisp. nov. from Swainsona galegifolia and Neodidymelliopsis tinkyukukusp. nov. from Hardenbergia violacea. In addition, we report three new host-pathogen associations in Australia, namely Didymella pinodes on S. artemisioides and Vicia cracca, and D. lethalis on Lathyrus tingitanus. This is also the first report of Didymella prosopidis in Australia.
Early moderate intensity walking improves walking distance and quality of recovery after coronary artery bypass grafting – a comparative study
Authors: Saini M. , Ganai J.
Published: February 2021

Patients recovering from coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are particularly vulnerable to impaired functional capacity, as well as quality of recovery because in addition to the direct effect of heart disease on cardiac performance, the surgical procedure and preoperative factors also contribute to loss of function. Early moderate intensity walking protocols can be effective in improving the health status of these patients. Still, there is hardly any evidence about the effect of early moderate intensity walking after CABG in the patients having high risk preoperative status for pulmonary complications. Therefore, this study has been designed to compare the effects of early moderate intensity walking on walking distance and quality of recovery, in two different groups of patients, with varying preoperative status. The study was set up as a 2-group, non-randomised comparative experimental design. 30 subjects, 27 males and 3 females, with a mean age of 55.2±6.7 years were included in the study. All the patients were mobilised early as per the early moderate intensity walking protocol. A six minute walk distance (6MWD) and a quality of recovery questionnaire were taken as outcome measures. Both groups showed significant improvement in 6MWD, but no statistical significant difference was found between the groups in improvement of 6MWD. Quality of recovery was also similar between the groups. Results indicate that the early moderate intensity walking can be implemented even on high risk patients with no adverse clinical sequelae. Thus, the early moderate intensity walking can be prescribed safely even to high risk patients.
Global change and the record of the past
Authors: Luckman B H
Published: February 2021

This experiment is global change. Collective human activities are now of sufficient magnitude to be detected at a global scale and can affect the environment of the whole world. The dimensions of the problem are huge. Modern industrialized people use more than 20
tonnes of new minerai material per head each year; and the volume of material moved annually by people considerably exceeds that moved by all geomorphic and geological processes worldwide. For centuries we have disposed of our wastes into the atmosphere, lithosphere and hydrosphere. As populations
have increased, the effects have spread from local (e.g. Los Angeles smog) to global extent (e.g. Arctic haze, Chernobyl) and cou Id modify the way global environmental systems operate.
Mineralogical properties of Champlain Sea sediments and their effects on borehole geophysical logs,
western Quebec
Authors: Crow H L , Enkin R J , Percival J
B , Al-Mufti O N
Published: February 2021

The Geological Survey of Canada is conducting geoscientific investigations in Breckenridge Creek Valley (Municipality of Pontiac, western Quebec) where ancient and modern landslides have occurred in the fine-grained, post-glacial sediments of the former Champlain
Sea. Multidisciplinary studies aim to gain a better understanding of how these sediments respond to earthquake shaking, and what factors increase their susceptibility to retrogressive landslides. As part of these investigations, downhole geophysical logs collected in a 75-m borehole displayed
relatively low and unvarying gamma-ray responses, downward increasing density and velocity trends, and variable magnetic susceptibility responses. Laboratory analyses of existing cores were undertaken to better understand these geophysical log responses, and relate them to depositional and
post-depositional characteristics of the sediments.
The relatively low gamma log responses were found to result from the low quantities of potassiumbearing clay minerals. While clay-size grains made up 30 - 57% by volume of the samples tested, X-ray diffraction analyses revealed clay minerals made up only 20 - 45% by weight of the clay-size
fraction.
Polished thin sections were prepared from three core samples at the top, middle, and bottom of the borehole. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaged diverse grain orientations, sizes, and textures in each of these intervals, and evidence for compaction was observed in the middle sample where
biotite grains were observed to be aligned around larger grains. A downhole trend of increasing bulk density and shear wave velocity is primarily accounted for by a relatively consistent grain density and a reduction in water content with depth as pore water was expelled by compaction under the
weight of the overlying sediment column.
Concentration and grain size of magnetic minerals influence magnetic susceptibility and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) log responses, but little was known about these properties as the minerals are present at trace levels (<3%). Magnetic properties of iron oxides in clay- to
silt-size grains were examined in seven core samples using a coercivity spectrometer and a thermomagnetic susceptibility meter in step-wise heating experiments. Results indicate that magnetite is present in varying concentrations and grain sizes in all samples tested, ranging from silt- and
clay-size detrital particles down to nanoparticles. The presence of superparamagnetic nanoparticles identified in the three lower-most samples in the borehole coincided with an observed shortening of downhole NMR relaxation times.
This Open File Report summarizes the laboratory methods and datasets resulting from new analyses of sediment cores, and discusses the results in the context of the geophysical log responses. New insights on broader sedimentological and geochemical conditions in Champlain Sea sediments are also
discussed.