bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attentional neural network for the prediction of gas turbine CO and NOx emission
Authors:   Technology Innovation Institute, Jhinaoui Ahmed , Pieyre Amanda ,   Technology Innovation Institute, Malkogianni Areti ,   Technology Innovation Institute, Azamar Hasani ,   Technology Innovation Institute, Tsoutsanis Elias ,   Technology Innovation Institute
Published: October 2024

This study aims to predict Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions from industrial gas turbines during operation, using various measured variables (e.g., turbine inlet temperature, exhaust temperature). This prediction task can be categorized as a multivariate time series regression. Deep learning architectures have been extensively used in the literature to achieve this, primarily based on Long-Short-Term-Memory (LSTM) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), which were originally developed for Natural Language Processing (NLP) and computer vision. While LSTM and CNNs are commonly used for time series classification and regression, they do not guarantee the encoding of inherent and important properties, such as the auto-regressive nature of the series and the local and global correlations between variables. To address this limitation, a novel model named TapNet integrating LSTM, CNNs and attention mechanism has demonstrated superior performance over traditional time series models, albeit computationally intensive. A recent alternative, Catch22, requires fewer computational resources and is widely employed for feature-based time series classification and regression. This paper conducts a statistical performance comparison between two approaches: an end-to-end neural network architecture based on TapNet and a feature-based approach using Catch22. The study employs a gas turbine public dataset from the UC Irvine Machine Learning Repository.
Improved Prediction of Turbomachinery Flows Using Reynolds Stress Model with Helicity Modification and Modified 𝜸 Transition Model
Authors:   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero- Thermodynamics, Beihang University, Liu Yangwei , Luo Pengzhong ,   Research Institute of Aero- Engine, Beihang University National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero- Thermodynamics, Beihang University, Tang Yumeng ,   School of Energy and Power Engineering, Beihang University National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aero-Engine Aero- Thermodynamics, Beihang University
Published: October 2024

Turbomachinery flows, characterized by strong turbulent non-equilibrium and anisotropy, pose challenges for Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes predictions, especially in cases involving corner separation and boundary layer transition. To improve accuracy, a blending of the Speziale-Sarkar-Gatski/Launder-Reece-Rodi Reynolds stress model (RSM) and the intermittency (𝛾) transition model (SSG/LRR-𝜔-𝛾 model) is implemented in OpenFOAM. A modification of 𝛾 transition model is proposed to address the delay in the transition onset in the T3 series of flat plates under adverse pressure gradients. Additionally, by incorporating the mechanism of energy backscatter, a helicity-modified production term is introduced into the scale determination equation to improve the prediction accuracy of large-scale vortices, especially in scenarios like compressor corner separation, resulting in the SSG/LRR- 𝜔 -H- 𝛾𝑚 model. Validation is conducted across the T3 flat plates and the linear highly loaded prescribed velocity distribution (PVD) compressor cascade. Results indicate improvements in the transition onset under adverse pressure gradients for the T3 flat plates. In the PVD compressor cascade, the proposed SSG/LRR-𝜔-H-𝛾𝑚 model exhibits prediction accuracy in transition onset comparable to that of the SSG/LRR-𝜔-𝛾 model and superior to the shear stress transport model with 𝛾 transition model (SST-𝛾 model). Notably, the proposed model demonstrates accurate predictive performance for complex three-dimensional corner separation involving boundary layer transition in the PVD compressor cascade.
Efficient Global Optimization of a Novel Diverterless Supersonic Intake Design Method
Authors:   Seoul National University, Choi Jonggyu , Shin Jaeik ,   Agency for Defence Development, Do Hyungrok ,   Seoul National University
Published: October 2024

A diverterless supersonic intake (DSI) design method using a novel blending method is proposed, offering key design parameters that define the DSI bump and cowl geometry. The new method provides a seamless connection between the bump and the fuselage geometry and is applicable to the curved body fuselage. An efficient global optimization method is used to obtain the optimal design while minimizing the time-consuming numerical analysis, which was inaccessible with conventional techniques. The performance evaluation set is built by tuning the bump surface geometry and the cowl sweep angle by varying design parameters, and an expected improvement in-fill method is used to construct the accurate Kriging surrogate model. The optimal design obtained from the surrogate model is thoroughly analyzed and compared with the base design, which showed an impressive 38.3% enhancement in the performance index, the total momentum. The flow field analysis showed that the improved compression efficiency and boundary layer removal with minimal flow loss led to enhanced performance.
Engine noise control by time-varying duct wall properties
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Huang Bohua , Huang Lixi ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong
Published: October 2024

Noise radiation by aero-engines features high circumferential modes and high frequencies. It is rather difficult to suppress such high-order modes near their cut-on frequencies. In this theoretical study, we explore a new approach of high order mode noise control by converting the sound frequency to below the cut-off frequency of the duct. An electromagnetic diaphragm with a MOSFET-controlled shunt circuit is used to create time-varying acoustic impedance on the wall. When properly organized, the incident sound energy is dispersed to side-band frequencies, some of which are below the cut-off frequency. In this way, it is found that part of energy of high-order modes is absorbed by the electrical sink in the shunt circuit. The time-variation is made on passive basis in the sense that it requires no sensor input and no energy input for actuation, thus ensuring stability and potential application in engineering. In this study, parametric studies are conducted to obtain the best sound energy dispersion efficiency.
PENGARUH KOMPENSASI DAN MOTIVASI KERJA TERHADAP LOYALITAS KARYAWAN PADA PT. MAAN GHODAQO SHIDDIQ LESTARI MOJOKRAPAK TEMBELANG JOMBANG
Authors: Mukarromah Luluk Durotul , Laili Choirun Nisful
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kompensasi dan motivasi terhadap loyalitas karyawan pada PT. Maan Ghodaqo Shiddiq Lestari Mojokrapak Tembelang Jombang. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah 103 responden. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah menggunakan teknik sampel jenuh yang menjadikan seluruh populasi sebagai sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Kompensasi berpengaruh positif terhadap variabel Loyalitas karyawan pada PT. Maan Ghodaqo Shiddiq Lestari Mojokrapak Tembelang Jombang, (2) Motivasi berpengaruh positif terhadap Loyalitas karyawan pada PT. Maan Ghodaqo Shiddiq Lestari Mojokrapak Tembelang Jombang, (3) Kompensasi dan Motivasi secara simultan Berpengaruh terhadap Loyalitas karyawan pada PT. Maan Ghodaqo Shiddiq Lestari Mojokrapak Tembelang Jombang
Predicting the development of optic nerve atrophy in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Abdullina V. R. , Botanova A. M.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Optic nerve atrophy (ONA) holds a leading position in the nosological structure of ophthalmopathology. In children with cerebral palsy (CP), the presence of concomitant pathology such as ONA significantly worsens their health and quality of life. The combination of ONA and CP, as well as the interrelationship of these diseases, represents a relevant subject for research, particulary in studying the clinical and epidemiological features of ONA in children with CP to find optimal clinical solutions and prognostic approaches. Purpose: to investigate the prevalence of optic nerve atrophy in children with cerebral palsy to determine the prognosis for the development of this pathology in the study group. Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of medical records of 640 patients diagnosed with cerebral palsy who were hospitalized in the clinic from 2015 to 2020 was conducted. The analysis included data from children with early-onset cerebral palsy (up to 3 years old) who were hospitalized for the first time. MS EXCEL software was used to calculate the main indicators of linear regression. Results. The study revealed that optic nerve atrophy in young children develops more frequently in boys (1.5 times more often than in girls), in rural areas, and in those with spastic cerebral palsy (36.3 %). The second most common form was ataxic cerebral palsy (69 children, 21.6 %), followed by infantile hemiplegia (61 children, 19%). Based on the dynamics of the prevalence of optic nerve atrophy in children with cerebral palsy, a mid-term forecast was made using the main indicators of linear regression. The prevalence of optic nerve atrophy in children with cerebral palsy is increasing, with prognostic estimates indicating further growth (14.9% in 2015, 15.4% in 2020, and 16.2% in 2024). Conclusion. The results of the study showed that cerebral palsy in children is often associated with optic nerve atrophy. ONA in young children is more frequently developed in cases of spastic cerebral palsy. As a result of calculating, an increase in the prevalence of optic nerve atrophy in children with cerebral palsy was observed over time, based on the correlation calculated using Spearman’s non-parametric correlation analysis Prognostic estimates indicate a significant increase in the near future.
Efficiency of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation in patients with refractory, operated open-angle glaucoma and preserved visual functions
Authors: Abdushukurova A. A. , Yusupov A. F. , Karimova M. Kh.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Glaucoma is one of the most common visual pathologies leading to blindness and low vision worldwide. Refractory glaucoma is characterized by a severe course and resistance to traditional treatment methods. One of the promising treatments for such patients is micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation (mCPC), which allows laser energy to be delivered to a localized area in doses without causing thermal damage to the structures of the ciliary body. With the advent of this method, new opportunities have emerged in the treatment of patients not only in the terminal stages of glaucoma with residual visual functions but also in the earlier stages of the disease with preserved and even high vision. Purpose: to evaluate the effectiveness of mCPC in patients with refractory, operated glaucoma with preserved visual functions using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM). Materials and methods. From April 2023 to January 2024, 80 patients aged 68,3 ± 5,6 years with refractory, operated open-angle glaucoma were examined and prescribed mCPC using the Quantel Medical device (Supra 810, France). The patients were divided into 2 groups: Group I consisted of 32 patients (32 eyes) with advanced glaucoma, while Group II included 48 patients (48 eyes) with far-advanced glaucoma. All patients were on the maximum antihypertensive regimen and had a history of repeated laser and surgical interventions. The procedure was carried out using standardized technology. Results. In the early postoperative period, a hypothensive effect was achieved in all cases, with an average intraocular pressure (IOP) decreased by 38%. The antihypertensive regimen was discontinued in 37% of patients. By the 9th month, 55% of patients had reduced the number of medications used, and 45% of patients in the second group underwent repeated mCPC, after which the IOP decreased to 16,7 ± 0,06 mm Hg in this group. Conclusion. mCPC is an effective and safe method for treating refractory, operated glaucoma, leading to a persistent decrease in IOP without affecting visual functions and the structure of ciliary body. It also reduces the number of used antihyperthensive drugs used.
Choroidal macrovessel: literature review and analysis of clinical cases
Authors: Stulova A. N. , Semenova N. S. , Akopyan V. S.
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Choroidal macrovessel (CM) is a rare anatomical feature most often detected incidentally. Recent studies suggest an arterial origin of CM, with the majority of authors considering it to be an enlarged short posterior ciliary artery. The literature describes both variants of CM not associated with retinal changes and those complicated by exudative manifestations. Purpose. This study aims to describe two clinical cases of choroidal macrovessel and conduct a differential diagnosis based on literature data with clinically similar conditions. Material and methods. Patients underwent a standard ophthalmologic examination, as well as optical coherence tomography, optical coherence tomography angiography (protocols 10 and 20 degrees), and multispectral laser scanning. Results. We present descriptions of two clinical cases: CM in a patient with choroidal folds and a prominent CM with accompanying subretinal fluid. In both cases, CMs were incidental findings not associated with reduced visual acuity. In the second clinical example, we demonstrate the presence of subretinal fluid in a patient with CM, with no negative progression after one year of observation. For differential diagnosis, an analysis of conditions with similar clinical manifestations was conducted based on literature data. Conclusion. The presented clinical cases illustrate the diversity of CM manifestations. In most cases, the pathology is not associated with retinal structural abnormalities; however, it can cause retinal changes in some patients. Due to its rarity, CM can be considered a poorly studied anatomical feature, warranting dynamic observation upon detection.
Simulasi Rancang Bangun Closed Loop Boost Converter Terintegrasi Solar PV Berbasis Mikrokontroller
Authors: Rahma Nur Amalia  , Wijaya Kusuma  , Ruwah Joto  , Afidah Zuroida  , Hikmah Ariq
Published: October 2024

Penggunaan solar PV secara konvensional yang memiliki beberapa tantangan dari segi intensitas radiasi cahaya matahari dan temperatur lingkungan menyebabkan tegangan keluaran cenderung fluktuatif. Sebagai langkah mitigasi permasalahan tersebut dibutuhkan aplikasi rangkaian elektronika daya berupa boost converter atau yang dapat disebut dengan step-up DC-DC converter yang sesuai. Pemilihan step-up DC-DC converter jenis boost converter ini memiliki beberapa keunggulan yakni dapat diaplikasikan pada pembangkit energi terbarukan. Pada penelitian ini pemodelan desain boost converter dirancang closed loop dengan menggunakan controller (pengontrol/pengendali) PID (Proportional Integral Derrivative) sehingga tegangan  output solar PV yang fluktuatif akibat pengaruh irradiasi matahari ini dapat distabilkan sesuai dengan setpoint yang diinginkan untuk menyupply beban pompa 24 Volt. Tahapan penelitian ini diawali dengan menentukan perencanaan desain rangkaian, penentuan spesfikasi komponen, pembuatan algoritma pemrograman PID Controller dan simulasi rangkaian serta pengujian. Dari hasil pengujian simulasi terbukti bahwa rangakaian prototype boost converter mampu menaikkan tegangan solar PV bervariasi (15.68V-20.87V) dan stabil di tegangan 24 Volt. Penggunaan PID Controller dengan nilai Kp=0,07;Ki=0,05;Kd=0,3 memiliki respon transien yang cepat yakni dengan rise time (tr) 1,62 ms, settling time (ts) 10 ms dan peaktime (tp) sebesar 33,8ms. Nilai maximum overshoot (Mp) juga cenderung rendah sebesar 1,5%.
An assessment framework for smart and sustainable housing for older adults using analytic hierarchy process (AHP)
Authors: Ptak-Wojciechowska Agnieszka , Kort Helianthe , Kasraian Dena , Gawlak Agata
Published: October 2024

Introduction

While there is a call for smart and sustainable housing in general and for older adults in particular, little attention is paid to identifying the determinants of such housing and their extent of influence on the quality of life (QoL) of older adults. This study addresses the above gap by re-defining the criteria for house quality assessment, taking into account new needs of older inhabitants, while concerning digital assistive technologies.

Methods

This research uses various methods to identify and validate housing-related criteria and metrics, resulting in a transparent multi-criteria evaluation framework that accounts for the spatial needs of older adults. These include recommendations for multi-criteria decision-making method (MCDM/A), expert workshop to develop new metrics and validate sub-criteria, expert survey to prioritize criteria and sub-criteria and interviews with three employees in the construction-services sector in the Netherlands, to gain knowledge on smart and healthy environments.

Results and Discussion

The results show that age-friendliness of housing function is the most significant criterion, while availability of housing modifications for seniors most important sub-criterion. Our findings can benefit architects in designing improved age- friendly spaces, older adults in evaluating their dwellings and researchers from the field of architecture in selecting most relevant method for their study.
Radial glia progenitor polarity in health and disease
Authors: Viola Valeria , Chinnappa Kaviya , Francis Fiona
Published: October 2024

Radial glia (RG) are the main progenitor cell type in the developing cortex. These cells are highly polarized, with a long basal process spanning the entire thickness of the cortex and acting as a support for neuronal migration. The RG cell terminates by an endfoot that contacts the pial (basal) surface. A shorter apical process also terminates with an endfoot that faces the ventricle, with a primary cilium protruding in the cerebrospinal fluid. These cell domains have particular subcellular compositions that are critical for the correct functioning of RG. When altered, this can affect proper development of the cortex, ultimately leading to cortical malformations, associated with different pathological outcomes. In this review, we focus on the current knowledge concerning the cell biology of these bipolar stem cells and discuss the role of their polarity in health and disease.
Efficient phosphate removal from water using ductile cast iron waste: a response surface methodology approach
Authors: Roushdy Mai Hassan , Elkhashab Nada Amr , Osman Ahmed Ibrahim , Ali Dalia Amer
Published: October 2024

Water scarcity is a critical issue worldwide. This study explores a novel method for addressing this issue by using ductile cast iron (DCI) solid waste as an adsorbent for phosphate ions, supporting the circular economy in water remediation. The solid waste was characterized using XRD, XRF, FTIR, and particle size distribution. Wastewater samples of different phosphate ion concentrations are prepared, and the solid waste is used as an adsorbent to adsorb phosphate ions using different adsorbent doses and process time. The removal percentage is attained through spectrophotometer analysis and experimental results are optimized to get the optimum conditions using Design Expert V13. The pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm were fitted with the experimental results with maximum adsorption capacity (qmax = 0.28 mg/g). The thermodynamic analysis indicated that this adsorption process was spontaneous based on the negative value of Gibbs free energy (∆G). Additionally, the positive values of enthalpy (∆H) indicated the endothermic nature of this adsorption system. It was able to reach the highest adsorption percentage of 98.9 (%) for phosphate ions from aqueous solutions using response surface methodology (RSM) with optimum conditions of 10 mg/L phosphate ion concentration, pH = 8, normal room temperature, 9 min adsorption, and 0.5 g/L adsorbent dosage.
Machine learning derived model for the prediction of bleeding in dual antiplatelet therapy patients
Authors: Qian Yang , Wanlin Lei , Maofeng Wang
Published: October 2024

Objective

This study aimed to develop a predictive model for assessing bleeding risk in dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) patients.

Methods

A total of 18,408 DAPT patients were included. Data on patients’ demographics, clinical features, underlying diseases, past history, and laboratory examinations were collected from Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. The patients were randomly divided into two groups in a proportion of 7:3, with the most used for model development and the remaining for internal validation. LASSO regression, multivariate logistic regression, and six machine learning models, including random forest (RF), k-nearest neighbor imputing (KNN), decision tree (DT), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were used to develop prediction models. Model prediction performance was evaluated using area under the curve (AUC), calibration curves, decision curve analysis (DCA), clinical impact curve (CIC), and net reduction curve (NRC).

Results

The XGBoost model demonstrated the highest AUC. The model features were comprised of seven clinical variables, including: HGB, PLT, previous bleeding, cerebral infarction, sex, Surgical history, and hypertension. A nomogram was developed based on seven variables. The AUC of the model was 0.861 (95% CI 0.847–0.875) in the development cohort and 0.877 (95% CI 0.856–0.898) in the validation cohort, indicating that the model had good differential performance. The results of calibration curve analysis showed that the calibration curve of this nomogram model was close to the ideal curve. The clinical decision curve also showed good clinical net benefit of the nomogram model.

Conclusions

This study successfully developed a predictive model for estimating bleeding risk in DAPT patients. It has the potential to optimize treatment planning, improve patient outcomes, and enhance resource utilization.
Plasma proteomics and carotid intima-media thickness in the UK biobank cohort
Authors: Chen Ming-Li , Kho Pik Fang , Guarischi-Sousa Rodrigo , Zhou Jiayan , Panyard Daniel J. , Azizi Zahra , Gupte Trisha , Watson Kathleen , Abbasi Fahim , Assimes Themistocles L.
Published: October 2024

Background and aims

Ultrasound derived carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is valuable for cardiovascular risk stratification. We assessed the relative importance of traditional atherosclerosis risk factors and plasma proteins in predicting cIMT measured nearly a decade later.

Method

We examined 6,136 UK Biobank participants with 1,461 proteins profiled using the proximity extension assay applied to their baseline blood draw who subsequently underwent a cIMT measurement. We implemented linear regression, stepwise Akaike Information Criterion-based, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) models to identify potential proteomic as well as non-proteomic predictors. We evaluated our model performance using the proportion variance explained (R2).

Result

The mean time from baseline assessment to cIMT measurement was 9.2 years. Age, blood pressure, and anthropometric related variables were the strongest predictors of cIMT with fat-free mass index of the truncal region being the strongest predictor among adiposity measurements. A LASSO model incorporating variables including age, assessment center, genetic risk factors, smoking, blood pressure, trunk fat-free mass index, apolipoprotein B, and Townsend deprivation index combined with 97 proteins achieved the highest R2 (0.308, 95% C.I. 0.274, 0.341). In contrast, models built with proteins alone or non-proteomic variables alone explained a notably lower R2 (0.261, 0.228–0.294 and 0.260, 0.226–0.293, respectively). Chromogranin b (CHGB), Cystatin-M/E (CST6), leptin (LEP), and prolargin (PRELP) were the proteins consistently selected across all models.

Conclusion

Plasma proteins add to the clinical and genetic risk factors in predicting a cIMT measurement. Our findings implicate blood pressure and extracellular matrix-related proteins in cIMT pathophysiology.
Artificial intelligence driven image analysis identifies phenobarbital induced hepatocyte hypertrophy in liver microtissues across species
Authors: Elcombe Matthew , Mathur Ayesha , Wallace Stephanie , Wright Jayne , Plummer Simon
Published: October 2024

In vivo treatment of rats with phenobarbital (PB) induces liver enzyme induction associated with hepatocyte hypertrophy. In the present study we used a novel microTMA technology coupled with artificial intelligence (AI) driven image analysis and proteomics analysis to test the hypothesis that PB treatment of rat and human liver microtissues could recapitulate hepatocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Human and rat liver microtissues were treated with PB over a range of concentrations (500 uM - 2000 uM). Fixed liver microtissues were embedded in paraffin in a microTMA mold, sectioned and stained on parallel microTMA sections with H&E and cell type specific markers, respectively. An AI algorithm was trained to identify and measure changes in hepatocyte cytoplasmic area on images of H&E stained microtissue sections. Image analysis with this algorithm showed that treatment of human and rat liver microtissues with PB (500 uM) for 96 h caused significant increases (p ≤ 0.08- p < 0.01) in hepatocyte cytoplasmic area, a hallmark of hypertrophy. Proteomics analysis of control and PB treated liver microtissue samples confirmed this treatment also caused phase1 and phase 2 enzyme induction in both human and rat samples. In conclusion AI driven image analysis of H&E stained liver microtissue FFPE sections shows that this model can recapitulate a PB-induced hypertrophy response.
Patient feasibility as a novel approach for integrating IRT and LCA statistical models into patient-centric qualitative data—a pilot study
Authors: Klüglich Matthias , Santy Bert , Tanev Mihail , Hristov Kristian , Mincheva Tsveta
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Clinical research increasingly recognizes the role and value of patient-centric data incorporation in trial design, aiming for more relevant, feasible, and engaging studies for participating patients. Despite recognition, research on analytical models regarding qualitative patient data analysis has been insufficient.

Aim

This pilot study aims to explore and demonstrate the analytical framework of the “patient feasibility” concept—a novel approach for integrating patient-centric data into clinical trial design using psychometric latent class analysis (LCA) and interval response theory (IRT) models.

Methods

A qualitative survey was designed to capture the diverse experiences and attitudes of patients in an oncological indication. Results were subjected to content analysis and categorization as a preparatory phase of the study. The analytical phase further employed LCA and hybrid IRT models to discern distinct patient subgroups and characteristics related to patient feasibility.

Results

LCA identified three latent classes each with distinct characteristics pertaining to a latent trait defined as patient feasibility. Covariate analyses further highlighted subgroup behaviors. In addition, IRT analyses using the two-parameter logistic model, generalized partial credit model, and nominal response model highlighted further distinct characteristics of the studied group. The results provided insights into perceived treatment challenges, logistic challenges, and limiting factors regarding the standard of care therapy and clinical trial attitudes.
A systematic literature review on the link between peer victimization and literacy during adolescence
Authors: Chavers Ariel L. , Del Tufo Stephanie N.
Published: October 2024

Peer victimization and literacy failure are on the rise. Yet, there is little understanding of their interplay, particularly during adolescence–a period of heightened sensitivity to social–emotional and academic maladjustment. Guided by the Developmental Cascades Framework, this systematic literature review elucidated how peer victimization and literacy are directly and indirectly linked via negative behaviors, sex, and grade. A total of 21 studies were published between 1993 and 2022 that focused on typically developing 5th- to 8th-graders. Sample sizes ranged from 140 to 86,372 participants. Results indicated a bidirectional connection between increased peer victimization and poorer literacy. Preliminary evidence was found in support of an indirect link via internalizing behaviors, externalizing behaviors, and school engagement, but ambiguous support for the effect of sex. Taken together, adolescents who experience peer victimization are likely to struggle in literacy, as well as exhibit negative behaviors that may only serve to exacerbate this connection.
The genetic causal effect of hand grip strength on osteoporosis and falling risk: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Ma Yanhua , Qiao Jingtao , Wang Zhenxing , Pan Qi , Guo Lixin
Published: October 2024

Background

Patients with osteoporosis (OP) are often associated with decreased hand grip strength and increased risk of falling. It remains unclear whether there is a genetic causal between hand grip strength and OP, falling risk.

Methods

The Mendelian randomization study was used to investigate the genetic causal effect of low hand grip strength on total body bone mineral density (BMD) at different ages, OP, and falling risk. Genes for low hand grip strength, total body BMD at different ages, OP, and falling risk were obtained from published genome-wide association studies. Inverse variance weighted, MR‐Egger, and weighted median were applied to perform the MR analysis. The Cochran’s Q test, MR‐Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out analysis were used to detect the pleiotropy or heterogeneity.

Results

The results showed strong evidence that low hand grip strength was positively associated with OP (OR: 1.006, 95% CI: 1.003-1.010; P= 0.0001) and falling risk (OR: 1.069, 95% CI: 1.013-1.129; P= 0.0160), and could not directly affect the different ages of total body BMD (P> 0.05). There was no heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy in the sensitivity analysis (all P> 0.05).

Conclusion

The study found a positive causal relationship between low hand grip strength and higher risk of OP and falling, which should be taken into account in the development of future prevention and screening strategies for OP and falling.
Which is the current knowledge on man-made endocrine- disrupting chemicals in follicular fluid? An overview of effects on ovarian function and reproductive health
Authors: Shulhai Anna-Mariia , Bianco Valentina , Donini Valentina , Esposito Susanna , Street Maria Elisabeth
Published: October 2024

The increase in female reproductive disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, endometriosis, and diminished ovarian reserve that lead to subfertility and infertility, has encouraged researchers to search and discover their underlying causes and risk factors. One of the crucial factors that may influence the increasing number of reproductive issues is environmental pollution, particularly exposure to man-made endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). EDCs can interfere with the ovarian microenvironment, impacting not only granulosa cell function but also other surrounding ovarian cells and follicular fluid (FF), which all play essential roles for oocyte development, maturation, and overall reproductive function. FF surrounds developing oocytes within an ovarian follicle and represents a dynamic milieu. EDCs are usually found in biological fluids, and FF is therefore of interest in this respect. This narrative review examines the current knowledge on specific classes of EDCs, including industrial chemicals, pesticides, and plasticizers, and their known effects on hormonal signaling pathways, gene expression, mitochondrial function, oxidative stress induction, and inflammation in FF. We describe the impact of EDCs on the development of reproductive disorders, oocyte quality, menstrual cycle regulation, and their effect on assisted reproductive technique outcomes. The potential transgenerational effects of EDCs on offspring through animal and first-human studies has been considered also. While significant progress has been made, the current understanding of EDCs’ effects on ovarian function, particularly in humans, remains limited, underscoring the need for further research to clarify actions and effects of EDCs in the ovary.
Assessment of the spatial-temporal impact of the Longhai Railway transportation corridor on land cover changes and landscape patterns
Authors: Gu Hongliang , Zhang Xiaolong
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Transportation corridors, as special economic corridors, have a greater impact on land cover and landscape pattern changes.

Methods

Therefore, 10 buffer zones were established at 1 km intervals on both sides of the Longhai Railway as the centerline to trace the impact of the railroad corridor on the land use change and regional landscape pattern change of the cities along the line from 1985 to 2020.

Result

The results show that: (1) The land cover changes along the railroad corridor during the 35 years are mainly characterized by the conversion between cropland, grassland, and construction land. Compared with 1985, in 2020, the construction land increased by 161.96%, the grassland area decreased by 11.83%, and the cropland area decreased by 15.83%. (2) The fragmentation of land patches and vegetation coverage is negatively and positively correlated with the buffer zone distance, respectively. In the same year, the comprehensive land-use dynamic degree is smaller as it is further away from the railway. The nighttime light index in the buffer zone is significantly correlated with the land aggregation index and average patch area, and the closer to the railroad, the higher the land aggregation index of construction land. (3) In terms of zoning, the intensity of land cover and landscape pattern changes in the eastern section is higher than that in the western section, with a higher degree of land fragmentation and more agglomeration of construction land, and the transportation corridor has a greater impact on the change of integrated land use motives in this region. The results of the study can provide a scientific basis for optimising the spatial pattern of land and improving the ecological environment in the construction of cross-regional transport corridors.
New perspectives on metagenomic analysis for pathogen monitoring in sustainable freshwater aquaculture production: a systematic review
Authors: Macedo Daralyns Borges , dos Anjos Thais Mayara Castro , De Los Santos Edian Franklin Franco , Rodrigues Marília Danyelle Nunes , Alegria Oscar Victor Cardenas , Ramos Rommel Thiago Jucá
Published: October 2024

The freshwater and saltwater aquatic food sector has experienced the most significant growth in recent years and is increasingly recognized as a sustainable alternative for fostering prosperous societies self-sufficiently and ecologically. One primary economic and health risk factor in aquaculture production is health control, with potentially more severe impacts observed in tropical and developing countries. While metagenomics holds great promise for application in agro-industrial fields like aquaculture, its adoption remains limited. Consequently, this study aimed to assess the prospects for developing and applying metagenomics in identifying pathogens in freshwater aquaculture. The WIPO database was used to search for patents developed using metagenomics to monitoring pathogens in freshwater aquaculture. Metagenomics methods have been extensively employed in different fields, such as, medicine, veterinary, biotechnology, agriculture, particularly in studies focusing on microbial communities in different ecosystems. In aquaculture, the utilization of metagenomics has predominantly revolved around investigating antibiotic resistance genes, primarily in saltwater farms. Despite this, freshwater aquaculture, particularly in fish and crustacean farming, aligns closely with sustainable development goals, notably (SDGs) 2, 3, 6, and 13. Countries such as the United States of America, South Korea, and Canada stand at the forefront of utilizing metagenomics for disease monitoring in freshwater aquaculture, evidenced by their active patent developments. The metagenomic analysis, coupled with bioinformatics tools and databases, represents a rapid, secure, and non-invasive approach to environmental monitoring for preventive purposes.

Systematic review registration

https://osf.io/srpyz/, identifier 10.17605/OSF.IO/SRPYZ.
“There are support resources, but they are kind of hidden”: social network analysis of college students' support systems in relation to type 1 diabetes management
Authors: Malova Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

Type 1 diabetes is an invisible disability requiring major life changes and constant monitoring. It can become particularly challenging to control during a major life transition. This study examines the composition and nature of the social networks of college students living with type 1 diabetes. A total of 17 respondents with type 1 diabetes and 18–25 years of age participated in network interviews. Network Canvas facilitated online data collection. The results show that efforts to protect the wellbeing of college students with T1D require active participation of university organizations and certain individuals from students' formal and informal connections. Such connections define students' support networks in college and provide access to social capital. Practical implications and recommendations for university leadership and students' parents are discussed.
Newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency in Malaysia: current status, challenges and progress
Authors: Chang Wai Leng , Mohd Noh Lokman , Abdul Latiff Amir Hamzah , Woo Kent Chee Keen , Ismail Intan Hakimah , Abd Hamid Intan Juliana , Siniah Sangeetha , Zainal Abidin Mohd Azri , Sham Marina , Mat Ripen Adiratna , Baharin Mohd Farid , Abdul Wahab Asrul , Zainudeen Zarina Thasneem , Hashim Ilie Fadzilah , Wong Yee Ming , Ahmad Shawaludin Mohamad Qazreen , Ali Adli
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Early diagnosis of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) increases survival outcomes and quality of life while significantly minimizing healthcare burden and costs. Despite growing evidence supporting the benefits and cost-effectiveness of SCID detection through newborn screening (NBS), it has yet to be implemented in Malaysia. This study aims to explore experts’ opinions on the current status, challenges, and crucial strategies needed for the successful implementation of SCID NBS.

Methodology

A guided, structured interview was employed to explore opinions on the current status, barriers, and strategies for implementing SCID NBS in Malaysia. All 13 invited experts participated in this study, indicating complete participation from the entire Malaysian immunology fraternity (consisting of eight clinical immunologists and five immunopathologists).

Key findings

Several initiatives are ongoing to establish SCID NBS in Malaysia. Hindrances such as low immunologist-to-patient ratio, unequal placements of immunologists throughout Malaysia, society’s low disease awareness, national health prioritization, lack of stakeholder engagement, and inadequacy of local study/data were highlighted. Pilot research on SCID NBS, advocacy workshops, and promotion materials are among the ongoing activities outlined in the blueprint, paving the way for this nationwide NBS program to be achievable in the near future.

Conclusion

This article provides recommendations to policymakers in mandating SCID NBS. Strategies by key stakeholders are underway, particularly in advocacy programs and efforts to increase awareness among clinicians and the public.
The role of PAR2 in regulating MIF release in house dust mite-induced atopic dermatitis
Authors: Zhou Lingxuan , Zhang Guohong , Zhang Kai , Rao Ziyan , Tang Zhanli , Wang Yang , Zhao Jiahui
Published: October 2024

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic disease characterized by relapsed eczema and intractable itch, and is often triggered by house dust mites (HDM). PAR2 is a G-protein coupled receptor on keratinocytes and may be activated by HDM to affect AD processes. We first established a HDM-derived AD mouse model in wild-type (WT) and Par2-/-mice. Single cell RNA sequencing of the diseased skins found a stronger cellular communication between the ligand macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) from keratinocytes and its receptors on antigen-presenting cells, suggesting the critical role of MIF in AD. HDM-WT mice showed severer skin lesions and pathological changes with stronger immunofluorescence MIF signals in skin sections than HDM-Par2-/- mice. Primary keratinocytes from WT mice stimulated with HDM or SLIGRL (PAR2 agonist) secreted more MIF in cultured medium and induced stronger immunofluorescence MIF signals than those from Par2-/- mice. The skin section of HDM-WT mice showed higher immunofluorescence signals of P115 (relating to MIF secretion) and KIF13B (possibly relating to intracellular trafficking of MIF) than that of HDM-Par2-/- mice. Acetylation of α-tubulin increased after stimulation by SLIGRL in WT keratinocytes but not in Par2-/- keratinocytes. HDM-WT mice treated with the MIF antagonist ISO-1 displayed improvement of AD-like presentations and lower expressions of IL-4, IL-13, TSLP and Arg1 (a biomarker of M2 macrophage) mRNAs. We conclude that MIF is an important cytokine and is significantly increased in the AD model. PAR2 affects AD changes by regulating the expression, intracellular trafficking, and secretion of MIF in epidermis.
Effects of multicomponent exercise nursing intervention in elderly stroke patients with frailty: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Luo Yanfang , Hao Jianru , Zhu Lingyun , Huang Yujuan , Liu Zhimin , Chen Yuping , Qiu Yuyu , Su Zhenzhen , Sun Renjuan
Published: October 2024

This study examines how multicomponent exercise nursing interventions affect the state of frailty, daily activities, and quality of life in elderly stroke patients with frailty. A total of 125 elderly stroke patients with frailty were randomly assigned to either a control group (n = 62) or an intervention group (n = 63). The control group received standard nursing care, while the intervention group received a multicomponent exercise nursing intervention in addition to standard care. Patients were assessed using the FRAIL Frailty Scale, Modified Barthel Index (MBI), and Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) before the intervention, 4 weeks after the intervention, and 12 weeks after the intervention. Significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of frailty status, activities of daily living, and quality of life (p < 0.05). The intervention group had lower scores on the FRAIL Frailty Scale and higher scores on the MBI and SF-36 compared to the control group at both 4 and 12 weeks after the intervention (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that multicomponent exercise nursing interventions can effectively reduce frailty and improve activities of daily living and quality of life in elderly stroke patients with frailty.
Association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and short-term all-cause mortality in patients with cerebrovascular disease admitted to the intensive care unit-a study based on the MIMIC-IV database
Authors: Lin Lin , Yang Jingyue , Fu Wenning , Liu Xi , Liu Yumin , Zou Li
Published: October 2024

Background

Inflammation plays a crucial role in cerebrovascular disease (CVD) progression. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an important inflammatory marker, though its diagnostic role in CVD is still under investigation. This study evaluates the relationship between NLR and short-term all-cause mortality in patients with CVD admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods

We conducted a retrospective study using data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC-IV) (v2.2) database, including 4,327 adult ICU-admitted CVD patients. NLR values at admission were analyzed alongside various mortality variables. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models and Kaplan–Meier (K-M) survival curves assessed the relationship between NLR and short-term all-cause mortality. Predictive power, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) of NLR for short-term mortality were investigated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis. Additionally, restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves and subgroup analyses were conducted.

Results

Among the 4,327 patients, 3,600 survived (survival group) and 727 died (non-survival group) within 28 days of admission (mortality rate: 16.8%). A multivariate Cox regression analysis identified NLR as an independent predictor of 28-day all-cause mortality (hazard ratio: 1.013; 95% confidence interval: 1.0086–1.0188; p < 0.001). The predictive model, incorporating NLR, age, gender, BMI, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), WBC counts, Platelet, INR, and CRP, achieved an AUC of 0.686 (95% confidence interval: 0.665–0.70). While platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio was also analyzed, its predictive efficiency was less pronounced compared to NLR. A best NLR threshold of 6.19 was determined, distinguishing survivors from non-survivors. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that patients with NLR ≥ 6.19 had significantly lower survival rates at 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-days. Subgroup analyses indicated that NLR did not significantly interact with most subgroups.

Conclusion

NLR may serve as an independent predictor for short-term all-cause mortality in ICU-admitted CVD patients, enhancing our understanding of the association between inflammatory biomarkers and CVD prognosis.
Community structure, diversity and function of endophytic and soil microorganisms in boreal forest
Authors: Luo Xi , Yan Guoyong , Wang Qinggui , Xing Yajuan
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Despite extensive studies on soil microbial community structure and functions, the significance of plant-associated microorganisms, especially endophytes, has been overlooked. To comprehensively anticipate future changes in forest ecosystem function under future climate change scenarios, it is imperative to gain a thorough understanding of the community structure, diversity, and function of both plant-associated microorganisms and soil microorganisms.

Methods

In our study, we aimed to elucidate the structure, diversity, and function of leaf endophytes, root endophytes, rhizosphere, and soil microbial communities in boreal forest. The microbial structure and composition were determined by high-throughput sequencing. FAPROTAX and FUNGuild were used to analyze the microbial functional groups.

Results

Our findings revealed significant differences in the community structure and diversity of fungi and bacteria across leaves, roots, rhizosphere, and soil. Notably, we observed that the endophytic fungal or bacterial communities associated with plants comprised many species distinct from those found in the soil microbial communities, challenging the assumption that most of endophytic fungal or bacterial species in plants originate from the soil. Furthermore, our results indicated noteworthy differences in the composition functional groups of bacteria or fungi in leaf endophytes, root endophytes, rhizosphere, and soil, suggesting distinct roles played by microbial communities in plants and soil.

Discussion

These findings underscore the importance of recognizing the diverse functions performed by microbial communities in both plant and soil environments. In conclusion, our study emphasizes the necessity of a comprehensive understanding of the structure and function microbial communities in both plants and soil for assessing the functions of boreal forest ecosystems.