bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron loss calculation considering temperature influence in non‐oriented steel laminations
Authors: Xue Shaoshen , Chu W.Q. , Zhu Z.Q. , Peng Jun , Guo Shuying , Feng Jianghua
Published: August 2016

In this study, the temperature influence on iron loss of non‐oriented steel laminations is investigated. The iron loss variation under different flux densities, frequencies and temperatures is systematically measured and analysed by testing two typical non‐oriented steel laminations, V300‐35 A and V470‐50 A. The iron loss variation with temperature is almost linear in the typical operating temperature range of electrical machines. Furthermore, the varying rate of iron loss with temperature varies with flux density and frequency. A coefficient which can fully consider the temperature influence is introduced to the existing iron loss model to improve the iron loss prediction accuracy. The predicted and measured results show that the temperature influence on the iron loss can be effectively considered by utilising the improved model, i.e. the prediction accuracy of the improved iron loss model remains constant, even when the temperature varies significantly. A potential simplification of this improved model is also discussed in this study.
Design of CMOS‐MEMS broadband infrared emitter arrays integrated with metamaterial absorbers based on CMOS back‐end‐of‐line
Authors: Cheng Zhengxi , Toshiyoshi Hiroshi
Published: August 2016

A new design of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor microelectromechanical systems (CMOS‐MEMS) broadband infrared (IR) emitter arrays with integrated metamaterial absorbers (MAs) developed by the CMOS back‐end‐of‐line is presented. The IR emitter array is a promising broadband thermal radiation source for integrated gas sensors. Novel IR emitter arrays are designed using the Central Semiconductor Manufacturing Corporation 0.5 μm 2‐poly‐3‐metal CMOS process. To improve the low emissivity that is commonly seen in CMOS‐MEMS type IR emitters due to the inherited low emissivity of SiO2 and SiN in CMOS process, we newly adopted tri‐layer metal–insulator–metal (MIM) and four‐layer insulator–MIM (IMIM) MA by using the CMOS back‐end metal layers and inter‐layer dielectrics, thereby to excite multi‐mode surface plasmon polariton resonances. The emitter integrated with IMIM MA can be electrically modulated up to 344 Hz, as theoretically predicated from thermal properties of the emitters and the radiation properties calculated based on Planck's radiation law. Simulated emissivity spectra through FEM show that the multi‐mode resonances in CMOS MIM and IMIM MAs enhance emissivity and broaden the waveband effectively.
Physical electrostatics of small field emitter arrays/clusters
Authors: Forbes Richard G.
Published: August 2016

This paper aims to improve qualitative understanding of electrostatic influences on apex field enhancement factors (AFEFs) for small field emitter arrays/clusters. Using the “floating sphere at emitter-plate potential” (FSEPP) model, it re-examines the electrostatics and mathematics of three simple systems of identical post-like emitters. For the isolated emitter, various approaches are noted. An adequate approximation is to consider only the effects of sphere charges and (for significantly separated emitters) image charges. For the 2-emitter system, formulas are found for charge-transfer (“charge-blunting”) effects and neighbor-field effects, for widely spaced and for “sufficiently closely spaced” emitters. Mutual charge-blunting is always the dominant effect, with a related (negative) fractional AFEF-change δtwo. For sufficiently small emitter spacing c, |δtwo| varies approximately as 1/c; for large spacing, |δtwo| decreases as 1/c3. In a 3-emitter equispaced linear array, differential charge-blunting and differential neighbor-field effects occur, but differential charge-blunting effects are dominant, and cause the “exposed” outer emitters to have higher AFEF (γ0) than the central emitter (γ1). Formulas are found for the exposure ratio Ξ = γ0/γ1, for large and for sufficiently small separations. The FSEPP model for an isolated emitter has accuracy around 30%. Line-charge models (LCMs) are an alternative, but an apparent difficulty with recent LCM implementations is identified. Better descriptions of array electrostatics may involve developing good fitting equations for AFEFs derived from accurate numerical solution of Laplace's equation, perhaps with equation form(s) guided qualitatively by FSEPP-model results. In existing fitting formulas, the AFEF-reduction decreases exponentially as c increases, which is different from the FSEPP-model formulas. This discrepancy needs to be investigated, using systematic Laplace-based simulations and appropriate results analysis. FSEPP models might provide a useful provisional guide to the qualitative behaviour of small field emitter clusters larger than those investigated here.
Vibrational energy transfer near a dissociative adsorption transition state: State-to-state study of HCl collisions at Au(111)
Authors: Geweke Jan , Shirhatti Pranav R. , Rahinov Igor , Bartels Christof , Wodtke Alec M.
Published: August 2016

In this work we seek to examine the nature of collisional energy transfer between HCl and Au(111) for nonreactive scattering events that sample geometries near the transition state for dissociative adsorption by varying both the vibrational and translational energy of the incident HCl molecules in the range near the dissociation barrier. Specifically, we report absolute vibrational excitation probabilities for HCl(v = 0 → 1) and HCl(v = 1 → 2) scattering from clean Au(111) as a function of surface temperature and incidence translational energy. The HCl(v = 2 → 3) channel could not be observed—presumably due to the onset of dissociation. The excitation probabilities can be decomposed into adiabatic and nonadiabatic contributions. We find that both contributions strongly increase with incidence vibrational state by a factor of 24 and 9, respectively. This suggests that V-T as well as V-EHP coupling can be enhanced near the transition state for dissociative adsorption at a metal surface. We also show that previously reported HCl(v = 0 → 1) excitation probabilities [Q. Ran et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 237601 (2007)]—50 times smaller than those reported here—were influenced by erroneous assignment of spectroscopic lines used in the data analysis.
Conductivity map from scanning tunneling potentiometry
Authors: Zhang Hao , Li Xianqi , Chen Yunmei , Durand Corentin , Li An-Ping , Zhang X.-G.
Published: August 2016

We present a novel method for extracting two-dimensional (2D) conductivity profiles from large electrochemical potential datasets acquired by scanning tunneling potentiometry of a 2D conductor. The method consists of a data preprocessing procedure to reduce/eliminate noise and a numerical conductivity reconstruction. The preprocessing procedure employs an inverse consistent image registration method to align the forward and backward scans of the same line for each image line followed by a total variation (TV) based image restoration method to obtain a (nearly) noise-free potential from the aligned scans. The preprocessed potential is then used for numerical conductivity reconstruction, based on a TV model solved by accelerated alternating direction method of multiplier. The method is demonstrated on a measurement of the grain boundary of a monolayer graphene, yielding a nearly 10:1 ratio for the grain boundary resistivity over bulk resistivity.
Enhancement factor statistics of surface enhanced Raman scattering in multiscale heterostructures of nanoparticles
Authors: Zito Gianluigi , Rusciano Giulia , Sasso Antonio
Published: August 2016

Suitable metal nanostructures may induce surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factors (EFs) large-enough to reach single-molecule sensitivity. However, the gap hot-spot EF probability density function (PDF) has the character of a long-tail distribution, which dramatically mines the reproducibility of SERS experiments. Herein, we carry out electrodynamic calculations based on a 3D finite element method of two plasmonic nanostructures, combined with Monte Carlo simulations of the EF statistics under different external conditions. We compare the PDF produced by a homodimer of nanoparticles with that provided by a self-similar trimer. We show that the PDF is sensitive to the spatial distribution of near-field enhancement specifically supported by the nanostructure geometry. Breaking the symmetry of the plasmonic system is responsible for inducing particular modulations of the PDF tail resembling a multiple Poisson distribution. We also study the influence that molecular diffusion towards the hottest hot-spot, or selective hot-spot targeting, might have on the EF PDF. Our results quantitatively assess the possibility of designing the response of a SERS substrate so as to contain the intrinsic EF PDF variance and significantly improving, in principle, the reproducibility of SERS experiments.
Emergence of linear elasticity from the atomistic description of matter
Authors: Cakir Abdullah , Pica Ciamarra Massimo
Published: August 2016

We investigate the emergence of the continuum elastic limit from the atomistic description of matter at zero temperature considering how locally defined elastic quantities depend on the coarse graining length scale. Results obtained numerically investigating different model systems are rationalized in a unifying picture according to which the continuum elastic limit emerges through a process determined by two system properties, the degree of disorder, and a length scale associated to the transverse low-frequency vibrational modes. The degree of disorder controls the emergence of long-range local shear stress and shear strain correlations, while the length scale influences the amplitude of the fluctuations of the local elastic constants close to the jamming transition.
Dust acoustic double layers in a magnetized dusty self-gravitating plasma with superthermal particles
Authors: Sabetkar Akbar , Dorranian Davoud
Published: August 2016

Our prime objective of this paper is to examine the parametric regimes for the existence and polarity of dust acoustic double layers (DADLs) and its solitary structures arising from a magnetized self-gravitating opposite polarity dust-plasma (OPDP) model. The constituents of the OPDP model are two species of positively and negatively charged dust grains, Maxwellian electrons and kappa distributed ions. Contributions of gravitational force only on dust grains are taken into account. For weakly nonlinear analysis, the multiple time scale technique has been used to construct the extended Korteweg-de Vries (E-KdV) and modified Korteweg-de Vries (M-KdV) equations. They pinpoint the evolution of DADLs and solitary structures associated with dust acoustic (DA) mode, respectively. The relevant configurational parameters in our study include the superthermality of ions (κ), obliqueness of propagation (θ), ion concentration (δi), static magnetic field B0 (via ωcp,ωcn), and self-gravitational field (via γ), as well as the density (μ0), charge (α), and mass (β) ratio of positive to negative dust species. The proposed OPDP model permits positive and negative double layer polarities, while higher order nonlinear equation dictates us only positive polarity solitary structures. The main modification due to an increase in self-gravitational field (via γ) is an enhancement in the spatial width of double layers, yet leaving their amplitude, phase speed, and polarity practically unaffected. With enhanced superthermality and other intrinsic parameters in OPDP model, there is an opposite trend in both amplitude and width of double layers, while the amplitude and the width of solitary waves (via M-KdV equation) undergo the identical behaviors. In particular, the amplitude of solitary waves manifests monotonic behavior for permissible range of obliqueness θ, whereas this scenario is acceptable to only width of double layers. The results are discussed in the context of laboratory and astrophysical plasma environments (e.g., cometary tails, Earth's mesosphere, etc.).
Experimental study of the stochastic heating of a single Brownian particle by charge fluctuations
Authors: Schmidt Christian , Piel Alexander
Published: August 2016

The Brownian motion of a micro-particle, which is suspended in the sheath of a radio-frequency discharge, is studied by high-speed video microscopy. In this environment, stochastic heating by charge fluctuations is expected, which should lead to an anisotropic kinetic temperature of the particle with a preferential heating in the direction of the mean electric field in the sheath. The stochastic heating should become more effective at low gas pressures where cooling by the neutral gas becomes ineffective. Our refined experiments confirm the anisotropic heating and the temperature rise for diminishing pressure. Particle-in-cell simulations have guided us in modifying the gap width of the discharge and to specify the dependence of the plasma density on gas pressure as ni∝p1/2. Since the stochastic heating rate also depends on the life-time of charge fluctuations, a temperature scaling Tkin∝p3/2 results, which is in agreement with the experimental data. The experimental procedure to eliminate other spurious heating mechanisms is described in detail.
Kinetic model for the collisionless sheath of a collisional plasma
Authors: Tang Xian-Zhu , Guo Zehua
Published: August 2016

Collisional plasmas typically have mean-free-path still much greater than the Debye length, so the sheath is mostly collisionless. Once the plasma density, temperature, and flow are specified at the sheath entrance, the profile variation of electron and ion density, temperature, flow speed, and conductive heat fluxes inside the sheath is set by collisionless dynamics, and can be predicted by an analytical kinetic model distribution. These predictions are contrasted here with direct kinetic simulations, showing good agreement.
Exciton localization in semipolar (112¯2) InGaN multiple quantum wells
Authors: Dinh Duc V. , Brunner F. , Weyers M. , Corbett B. , Parbrook P. J.
Published: August 2016

The exciton localization in semipolar (112¯2) InxGa1−xN (0.13 ≤ x ≤ 0.35) multiple-quantum-well (MQW) structures has been studied by excitation power density and temperature dependent photoluminescence. A strong exciton localization was found in the samples with a linear dependence with In-content and emission energy, consistent with the Stokes-shift values. This strong localization was found to cause a blue-shift of the MQW exciton emission energy at temperature above 100 K, which was found to linearly increase with increasing In-content.
Deformation of contact surfaces in a vacuum interrupter after high-current interruptions
Authors: Wang Haoran , Wang Zhenxing , Zhou Zhipeng , Jiang Yanjun , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan , Liu Zhiyuan
Published: August 2016

In a high-current interruption, the contact surface in a vacuum interrupter might be severely damaged by constricted vacuum arcs causing a molten area on it. As a result, a protrusion will be initiated by a transient recovery voltage after current zero, enhancing the local electric field and making breakdowns occur easier. The objective of this paper is to simulate the deformation process on the molten area under a high electric field by adopting the finite element method. A time-dependent Electrohydrodynamic model was established, and the liquid-gas interface was tracked by the level-set method. From the results, the liquid metal can be deformed to a Taylor cone if the applied electric field is above a critical value. This value is correlated to the initial geometry of the liquid metal, which increases as the size of the liquid metal decreases. Moreover, the buildup time of a Taylor cone obeys the power law t = k × E−3, where E is the initial electric field and k is a coefficient related to the material property, indicating a temporal self-similar characteristic. In addition, the influence of temperature has little impact on the deformation but has great impact on electron emission. Finally, the possible reason to initiate a delayed breakdown is associated with the deformation. The breakdown does not occur immediately when the voltage is just applied upon the gap but is postponed to several milliseconds later when the tip is formed on the liquid metal.
Formation of (111) orientation-controlled ferroelectric orthorhombic HfO2 thin films from solid phase via annealing
Authors: Mimura Takanori , Katayama Kiliha , Shimizu Takao , Uchida Hiroshi , Kiguchi Takanori , Akama Akihiro , Konno Toyohiko J. , Sakata Osami , Funakubo Hiroshi
Published: August 2016

0.07YO1.5-0.93HfO2 (YHO7) films were prepared on various substrates by pulse laser deposition at room temperature and subsequent heat treatment to enable a solid phase reaction. (111)-oriented 10 wt. % Sn-doped In2O3(ITO)//(111) yttria-stabilized zirconia, (111)Pt/TiOx/SiO2/(001)Si substrates, and (111)ITO/(111)Pt/TiOx/SiO2/(001)Si substrates were employed for film growth. In this study, X-ray diffraction measurements including θ–2θ measurements, reciprocal space mappings, and pole figure measurements were used to study the films. The film on (111)ITO//(111)yttria-stabilized zirconia was an (111)-orientated epitaxial film with ferroelectric orthorhombic phase; the film on (111)ITO/(111)Pt/TiOx/SiO2/(001)Si was an (111)-oriented uniaxial textured film with ferroelectric orthorhombic phase; and no preferred orientation was observed for the film on the (111)Pt/TiOx/SiO2/(001)Si substrate, which does not contain ITO. Polarization–hysteresis measurements confirmed that the films on ITO covered substrates had saturated ferroelectric hysteresis loops. A remanent polarization (Pr) of 9.6 and 10.8 μC/cm2 and coercive fields (Ec) of 1.9 and 2.0 MV/cm were obtained for the (111)-oriented epitaxial and uniaxial textured YHO7 films, respectively. These results demonstrate that the (111)-oriented ITO bottom electrodes play a key role in controlling the orientation and ferroelectricity of the phase formation of the solid films deposited at room temperature.
Oxygen vacancy formation, crystal structures, and magnetic properties of three SrMnO3−δ films
Authors: Wang F. , Zhang Y. Q. , Bai Y. , Liu W. , Zhang H. R. , Wang W. Y. , Li S. K. , Ma S. , Zhao X. G. , Sun J. R. , Wang Z. H. , Wang Z. J. , Zhang Z. D.
Published: August 2016

The crystal structures and magnetic properties of the 40 nm brownmillerite SrMnO2.5 film, perovskite SrMnO3-δ film, and mixed-phase film have been systematically investigated. The features of the oxygen vacancy ordering superstructure in the brownmillerite SrMnO2.5 film are observed from HRSTEM as follows: the dark stripes with a periodicity of four (110) planes of the cubic perovskite appearing at an angle of 45° with the substrate-film interface and extra reflection spots in fast Fourier transformation patterns along the (001) plane. When annealing the brownmillerite SrMnO2.5 film under higher oxygen pressure, the top portion undergoes structure transition into perovskite SrMnO3-δ as seen in the mixed-phase film consisting of the perovskite SrMnO3-δ phase dominating at the top part and the brownmillerite SrMnO2.5 phase dominating at the bottom part. The magnetic properties and Mn valences of the brownmillerite SrMnO2.5 film indicate that this film, similar to the bulk, is antiferromagnetic with TN at 375 K. However, the strained tetragonal perovskite SrMnO3-δ film exhibits ferromagnetic behavior with Curie temperature at 75 K and a saturation magnetization of 2.5μB/Mn at 2 K. Moreover, the top perovskite SrMnO3-δ phase of the mixed-phase film also exhibits ferromagnetic behavior evidenced by the existence of the exchange bias. We propose that the ferromagnetic properties in both the perovskite SrMnO3-δ film and the top perovskite SrMnO3-δ phase in the mixed-phase film originate from Mn3+–Mn4+ double exchange coupling. However, the formation of Mn3+ differs for the two samples in that it is caused by oxygen vacancies in the former and the distribution of oxygen content across the film during annealing in the latter.
Contribution to the large and stable electric field induced strain for textured Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.675Ti0.325O3 ceramics
Authors: Zeng Jiangtao , Zhao Kunyu , Ruan Wei , Ruan Xuezheng , Zheng Liaoying , Li Guorong
Published: August 2016

Textured Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.675Ti0.325O3 (PMN-PT) ceramics were prepared by the templated grain growth method with 3% plate-like BaTiO3 as templates. The degree of grain orientation was about 81% by calculating from the XRD pattern. Temperature dependence of electric field induced strain was measured for both untextured and textured PMN-PT ceramics. The results show that the electric field induced strain for textured PMN-PT ceramics is much larger and more stable than that for untextured PMN-PT ceramics in a wide temperature range. The contribution from the piezoelectric effect and electrostrictive effect to the strain was analyzed, and it was found that textured PMN-PT ceramics exhibited electrostrictive coefficient Q33 as high as 5.19 × 10−2 m4 C−2 and it was comparable to that of PMN-PT single crystals. The electrostrictive effect contributed the main part of the enhancement of electric field induced strain for textured PMN-PT ceramics.
Noise performance of high-efficiency germanium quantum dot photodetectors
Authors: Siontas Stylianos , Liu Pei , Zaslavsky Alexander , Pacifici Domenico
Published: August 2016

We report on the noise analysis of high performance germanium quantum dot (Ge QD) photodetectors with responsivity up to ∼2 A/W and internal quantum efficiency up to ∼400%, over the 400–1100 nm wavelength range and at a reverse bias of −10 V. Photolithography was performed to define variable active-area devices that show suppressed dark current, leading to a higher signal-to-noise ratio, up to 105, and specific detectivity D*≃6×1012 cm Hz 1/2 W−1. These figures of merit suggest Ge QDs as a promising alternative material for high-performance photodetectors working in the visible to near-infrared spectral range.
Rise time of voltage pulses in NbN superconducting single photon detectors
Authors: Smirnov K. V. , Divochiy A. V. , Vakhtomin Yu. B. , Sidorova M. V. , Karpova U. V. , Morozov P. V. , Seleznev V. A. , Zotova A. N. , Vodolazov D. Yu.
Published: August 2016

We have found experimentally that the rise time of voltage pulse in NbN superconducting single photon detectors increases nonlinearly with increasing the length of the detector L. The effect is connected with dependence of resistance of the detector Rn, which appears after photon absorption, on its kinetic inductance Lk and, hence, on the length of the detector. This conclusion is confirmed by our calculations in the framework of two temperature model.
Compensation of X-ray mirror shape-errors using refractive optics
Authors: Sawhney Kawal , Laundy David , Dhamgaye Vishal , Pape Ian
Published: August 2016

Focusing of X-rays to nanometre scale focal spots requires high precision X-ray optics. For nano-focusing mirrors, height errors in the mirror surface retard or advance the X-ray wavefront and after propagation to the focal plane, this distortion of the wavefront causes blurring of the focus resulting in a limit on the spatial resolution. We describe here the implementation of a method for correcting the wavefront that is applied before a focusing mirror using custom-designed refracting structures which locally cancel out the wavefront distortion from the mirror. We demonstrate in measurements on a synchrotron radiation beamline a reduction in the size of the focal spot of a characterized test mirror by a factor of greater than 10 times. This technique could be used to correct existing synchrotron beamline focusing and nanofocusing optics providing a highly stable wavefront with low distortion for obtaining smaller focus sizes. This method could also correct multilayer or focusing crystal optics allowing larger numerical apertures to be used in order to reduce the diffraction limited focal spot size.
Subnuclear positioning and interchromosomal clustering of theGAL1-10locus are controlled by separable, interdependent mechanisms
Authors: Brickner Donna Garvey , Sood Varun , Tutucci Evelina , Coukos Robert , Viets Kayla , Singer Robert H. , Brickner Jason H.
Published: August 2016

On activation, the GAL genes in yeast are targeted to the nuclear periphery through interaction with the nuclear pore complex. Here we identify two cis-acting “DNA zip codes” from the GAL1-10 promoter that are necessary and sufficient to induce repositioning to the nuclear periphery. One of these zip codes, GRS4, is also necessary and sufficient to promote clustering of GAL1-10 alleles. GRS4, and to a lesser extent GRS5, contribute to stronger expression of GAL1 and GAL10 by increasing the fraction of cells that respond to the inducer. The molecular mechanism controlling targeting to the NPC is distinct from the molecular mechanism controlling interchromosomal clustering. Targeting to the nuclear periphery and interaction with the nuclear pore complex are prerequisites for gene clustering. However, once formed, clustering can be maintained in the nucleoplasm, requires distinct nuclear pore proteins, and is regulated differently through the cell cycle. In addition, whereas targeting of genes to the NPC is independent of transcription, interchromosomal clustering requires transcription. These results argue that zip code–dependent gene positioning at the nuclear periphery and interchromosomal clustering represent interdependent phenomena with distinct molecular mechanisms.
Comparison of implant quality between intraoperatively built custom-linked seeds and loose seeds in permanent prostate brachytherapy using sector analysis
Authors: Katayama Norihisa , Takemoto Mitsuhiro , Takamoto Atsushi , Ihara Hiroki , Katsui Kuniaki , Ebara Shin , Nasu Yasutomo , Kanazawa Susumu
Published: August 2016

We compared the implant quality of intraoperatively built custom-linked (IBCL) seeds with loose seeds in permanent prostate brachytherapy. Between June 2012 and January 2015, 64 consecutive prostate cancer patients underwent brachytherapy with IBCL seeds ( n = 32) or loose seeds ( n = 32). All the patients were treated with 144 Gy of brachytherapy alone. Brachytherapy was performed using a dynamic dose calculation technique. Computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging fusion-based dosimetry was performed 1 month after brachytherapy. Post-implant dose–volume histogram (DVH) parameters, prostate sector dosimetry, operation time, seed migration, and toxicities were compared between the IBCL seed group and the loose seed group. A sector analysis tool was used to divide the prostate into six sectors (anterior and posterior sectors at the base, mid-gland, and apex). V100 (95.3% vs 89.7%; P = 0.014) and D90 (169.7 Gy vs 152.6 Gy; P = 0.013) in the anterior base sector were significantly higher in the IBCL seed group than in the loose seed group. The seed migration rate was significantly lower in the IBCL seed group than in the loose seed group (6% vs 66%; P < 0.001). Operation time per seed was significantly longer in the IBCL seed group than in the loose seed group (1.31 min vs 1.13 min; P = 0.003). Other post-implant DVH parameters and toxicities did not differ significantly between the two groups. Our study showed more dose coverage post-operatively in the anterior base prostate sector and less seed migration in IBCL seed implantation compared with loose seed implantation.
THE ATHEROSCLEROSIS RISK IN COMMUNIT (ARIC) STUDY: DESIGN AND OBJECTIVES
Authors:   THE ARIC INVESTIGATORS
Published: August 2016

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) is a new prospective study to investigate the etiology of atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae and variation in cardiovascular risk factors, medical care, and disease by race, sex, place, and time. in each of four US communities—Forsyth County, North Carolina, Jackson, Mississippi, suburbs of Minneapolis, Minnesota, and Washington County, Maryland—4, 000 adults aged 45–64 years will be examined twice, three years apart. ARIC has coordinating, ultrasound, pulmonary, and electrocardiographic centers and three central laboratories. Three cohorts represent the ethnic mix of their communities; the Jackson cohort, its black population. Examinations include ultrasound scanning of carotid and popliteal arteries; lipids, lipoprotelns, and apolipoproteins assayed in the Lipid Laboratory; and coagulation, inhibition, and platelet and fibrinolytic actmty assayed in the Hemostasis Laboratory. Surveil lance for coronary heart disease will involve review of hospitalizations and deaths among community residents aged 35–74 years. ARIC aims to study atheroscle rosis by direct observation of the disease and by use of modem biochemistry.
Annual parallax and a dimming event of a Mira variable star, FV Bootis
Authors: Kamezaki Tatsuya , Nakagawa Akiharu , Omodaka Toshihiro , Inoue Kan-ichiro , Chibueze James O. , Nagayama Takumi , Ueno Yuji , Matsunaga Noriyuki
Published: August 2016

We present the first measurement of the trigonometric parallax of water masers associated with a Mira star, FV Bootis (FV Boo) using VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry (VERA). Based on our multi-epoch VERA observations, we derived the parallax to be 0.97 ± 0.06 mas, which corresponds to a distance of $1.03^{+0.07}_{-0.06}$ kpc. The water masers around FV Boo were spatially distributed over an area of 41 au × 41 au, and their internal motions indicate the presence of an outflow. Using the Kagoshima University 1 m optical/infrared telescope, we determined the period to be 305.6 d and the mean apparent magnitude to be +2.91 mag in the K′-band. On the period–luminosity plane, the obtained period and K′-band magnitude puts FV Boo slightly below the sequence of Miras, possibly due to circumstellar reddening. Combining our photometric data with COBE and 2MASS datasets spanning over 20 years, we found in the near infrared that FV Boo was significantly fainter in 2005 compared with preceding and later phases. Its color, however, did not show a large variation through this change. We infer that the dimming could be caused by an eclipse due to a cloud in a binary system.
Morphometric analysis ofPassifloraleaves: the relationship between landmarks of the vasculature and elliptical Fourier descriptors of the blade
Authors: Chitwood Daniel H. , Otoni Wagner C.
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUND

Leaf shape amongPassifloraspecies is spectacularly diverse. Underlying this diversity in leaf shape are profound changes in the patterning of the primary vasculature and laminar outgrowth. Each of these aspects of leaf morphology—vasculature and blade—provides different insights into leaf patterning.

RESULTS

Here, we morphometrically analyze >3,300 leaves from 40 differentPassifloraspecies collected sequentially across the vine. Each leaf is measured in two different ways: using 1) 15 homologous Procrustes-adjusted landmarks of the vasculature, sinuses, and lobes and 2) Elliptical Fourier Descriptors (EFDs), which quantify the outline of the leaf. The ability of landmarks, EFDs, and both datasets together are compared to determine their relative ability to predict species and node position within the vine. Pairwise correlation of x and y landmark coordinates and EFD harmonic coefficients reveals close associations between traits and insights into the relationship between vasculature and blade patterning.

CONCLUSIONS

Landmarks, more reflective of the vasculature, and EFDs, more reflective of the blade contour, describe both similar and distinct features of leaf morphology. Landmarks and EFDs vary in ability to predict species identity and node position in the vine and exhibit a correlational structure (both within landmark or EFD traits and between the two data types) revealing constraints between vascular and blade patterning underlying natural variation in leaf morphology amongPassifloraspecies.
GSuite HyperBrowser: integrative analysis of dataset collections across the genome and epigenome
Authors: Simovski Boris , Vodak Daniel , Gundersen Sveinung , Domanska Diana , Azab Abdulrahman , Holden Lars , Holden Marit , Grytten Ivar , Rand Knut , Drabløs Finn , Johansen Morten , Mora Antonio , Lund-Andersen Christin , Fromm Bastian , Eskeland Ragnhild , Gabrielsen Odd Stokke , Nakken Sigve , Bengtsen Mads , Nederbragt Alexander Johan , Thorarensen Hildur Sif , Akse Johannes Andreas , Glad Ingrid , Hovig Eivind , Sandve Geir Kjetil
Published: August 2016

Genome-wide, cell-type-specific profiles are being systematically generated for numerous genomic and epigenomic features. There is, however, no universally applicable analytical methodology for such data. We present GSuite HyperBrowser, the first comprehensive solution for integrative analysis of dataset collections across the genome and epigenome. The GSuite HyperBrowser is an open-source system for streamlined acquisition and customizable statistical analysis of large collections of genome-wide datasets. The system is based on new computational and statistical methodologies that permit comparative and confirmatory analyses across multiple disparate data sources. Expert guidance and reproducibility are facilitated via a Galaxy-based web-interface. The software is available athttps://hyperbrowser.uio.no/gsuite
Lattice strain and tilt mapping in stressed Ge microstructures using X-ray Laue micro-diffraction and rainbow filtering
Authors: Tardif Samuel , Gassenq Alban , Guilloy Kevin , Pauc Nicolas , Osvaldo Dias Guilherme , Hartmann Jean-Michel , Widiez Julie , Zabel Thomas , Marin Esteban , Sigg Hans , Faist Jérôme , Chelnokov Alexei , Reboud Vincent , Calvo Vincent , Micha Jean-Sébastien , Robach Odile , Rieutord François
Published: August 2016

Laue micro-diffraction and simultaneous rainbow-filtered micro-diffraction were used to measure accurately the full strain tensor and the lattice orientation distribution at the sub-micrometre scale in highly strained, suspended Ge micro-devices. A numerical approach to obtain the full strain tensor from the deviatoric strain measurement alone is also demonstrated and used for faster full strain mapping. The measurements were performed in a series of micro-devices under either uniaxial or biaxial stress and an excellent agreement with numerical simulations was found. This shows the superior potential of Laue micro-diffraction for the investigation of highly strained micro-devices.
Realization of two-dimensional anomalous small-angle scattering of Al alloys at the K absorption edge of Al
Authors: Okuda Hiroshi , Sakohata Rei , Kitajima Yoshinori , Tamenori Yusuke
Published: August 2016

Two-dimensional anomalous small-angle X-ray scattering (ASAXS) measurements at the K absorption edge of Al have been successfully performed. Contrast change below the absorption edge was detected with the use of a CCD detector. The change of ASAXS intensities near the edge for alumina nanopowder and that for Guinier–Preston zones in an Al–Zn alloy were explained by the anomalous dispersion of Al. The present results showed that two-dimensional SAXS measurements with a dynamic range extended to show Porod's law have been achieved for photon energies of about 1.5 keV with the use of a CCD detector optically coupled with a P43 phosphor plate.
Crystal structure of hexaaquanickel(II) bis{5-bromo-7-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1-methyl-6-oxidoquinolin-1-ium-3-sulfonate} monohydrate
Authors: Le Thi Hong Hai , Nguyen Thi Ngoc Vinh , Do Thi Van Anh , Van Meervelt Luc
Published: August 2016

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Ni(H2O)6](C12H12BrN2O5S)2·H2O, contains a half hexaaquanickel(II) complex cation with the NiII ion lying on an inversion center, one 5-bromo-7-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1-methyl-6-oxidoquinolin-1-ium-3-sulfonate (QAO) anion and a half lattice water molecule on a twofold rotation axis. In the crystal, QAO anions are stacked in a column along the c axis by π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances 3.5922 (10)–3.7223 (11) Å]. The columns are interlinked by hexaaquanickel(II) cations through O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds.
How to develop emotional attachment amongst patients towards hospitals? A qualitative investigation in the context of emerging Indian market
Authors: Sarkar Abhigyan , Sarkar Juhi Gahlot , Rao K.S. Venu Gopal
Published: August 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this qualitative study is to explore the antecedents and consequences of hospital brand attachment and associated intervening factors amongst patients and attendants in the context of the emerging Indian market where the hospital industry has a heterogeneous structure consisting of state-owned and private hospitals.

Design/methodology/approach

Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data. Data were coded using the grounded theory method to explore and validate interrelationships between the constructs that emerged.

Findings

Based on the data analysis, a grounded theory framework has been developed, which recognizes hospital brand attachment as the central construct, and depicts its related antecedents, consequences and intervening or moderating factors.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the existing body of healthcare marketing research by having discovered actionable antecedents of hospital brand attachment that could help healthcare marketers in emerging markets to formulate branding strategies that strengthen the patient–hospital brand attachment relationships. Based on the concepts explored in this qualitative study, it has been put forth that the concept of brand love or brand attachment that is well-researched in the case of general consumer brands is also applicable in the case of hospital brands, without ignoring the specific idiosyncrasies of the hospital industry.
Search engine effectiveness using query classification: a study
Authors: Ali Sabha , Gul Sumeer
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the retrieval effectiveness of search engines taking into consideration both precision and relative recall.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study is based on search engines that are selected on the basis of Alexa (Actionable Analytics for the web) Rank. Alexa listed top 500 sites, namely, search engines, portals, directories, social networking sites, networking tools, etc. But the scope of study is confined to only general search engines on the basis of language which was confined to English. Therefore only two general search engines are selected for the study . Alexa reports Google.com as the most visited website worldwide and Yahoo.com as the fourth most visited website globally. A total of 15 queries were selected randomly from PG students of Department of Library and Information Science during a period of eight days (from May 8 to May 15, 2014) which are classified manually into navigational, informational and transactional queries. However, queries are largely distributed on the two selected search engines to check their retrieval effectiveness as a training data set in order to define some characteristics of each type. Each query was submitted to the selected search engines which retrieved a large number of results but only the first 30 results were evaluated to limit the study in view of the fact that most of the users usually look up under the first hits of a query.

Findings

– The study estimated the precision and relative recall of Google and Yahoo. Queries using concepts in the field of Library and Information Science were tested and were divided into navigational queries, informational queries and transactional queries. Results of the study showed that the mean precision of Google was high with (1.10) followed by Yahoo with (0.88). While as, mean relative recall of Google was high with (0.68) followed by Yahoo with (0.31), respectively.

Research limitations/implications

– The study highlights the retrieval effectiveness of only two search engines.

Originality/value

– The research work is authentic and does not contain any plagiarized work.
The association between earnings quality and firm-specific return volatility
Authors: Mitra Ranjan Kumar
Published: August 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the association between earnings quality and firm-specific return volatility for a large sample of Japanese manufacturing firms.

Design/methodology/approach

This archival research uses idiosyncratic volatility and asynchronicity as two analogous proxies for firm-specific return volatility to investigate its association with earnings quality.

Findings

Using idiosyncratic volatility and asynchronicity as two comparable proxies for firm-specific return volatility, the author finds contradictory results. The author relates this contradiction to another debate in accounting and finance literature about whether firm-specific return volatility captures firm-specific information or noise. Initially, the author obtains conflicting results because the systematic risk, one of the components of asynchronicity, is highly correlated with earnings quality. After controlling for the systematic risk, the author finds that higher earnings quality is associated with lower firm-specific return volatility. This finding is consistent with the noise-based explanation of firm-specific return volatility. The author also separates earnings quality into an innate component driven by economic fundamentals and a discretionary component driven by managerial discretionary behavior and finds that both components have significant impact on firm-specific return volatility but the innate component has significantly stronger effect than the discretionary component.

Originality/value

This is the first research study presenting evidence on the association between earnings quality and firm-specific return volatility in the Japanese setting. The findings of this paper are likely to contribute to the resolution of a well-known debate on whether firm-specific return volatility captures more firm-specific information being impounded in stock prices or noise in stock prices.
Intelligent approaches for an organisation’s management system change
Authors: Zgodavova Kristina , Kisela Matus , Sutoova Andrea
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to contribute learning, knowledge creation and knowledge transfer obtained through a web-based role-play simulation environment as an intelligent approach towards organisational change. Such change occurs in the organisation during its transition to a new version of the ISO 9001:2015.

Design/methodology/approach

– This paper is based on a literature review and the experience of the authors and a team of international teaching and research staff, as well as on information obtained from satisfaction surveys.

Findings

– The actual version of the web-based Management System Role-Play Simulation (MS-RPSÂ©) considers the changes in structure and terminology of the ISO management system standards, enables the creation of a predictive strategy regarding organisational culture, minimises the negative impact of the change and helps people adapt more quickly to it.

Research limitations/implications

– The study is limited to the complexity of an actual system and the possible verification of empirical results. Another limitation is the measurability of any real enhancement achieved in the quality, safety and sustainability of production, as well as the business continuity and social responsibility of an organisation.

Practical implications

– One benefit of the training is the thorough knowledge that players within organisational management can gain in a short period. Reduced resistance to change is also stressed and the complexity and dynamism of the internal environment considered.

Originality/value

– MS-RPS© is based on original web-based software. The primary model has been developed at the Technical University of Košice. It was tested by students, but also by managers and other employees in several industrial organisations, as well as services, over 20 years.
Micro- and nano-scale manufacturing development through precision metrology
Authors: Durakbasa Numan M.
Published: August 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to develop a strategic approach with an intelligently integrated management system in advanced manufacturing industry to meet the requirements of high precise measurement tasks and essential measurement know-how within the sophisticated production systems.

Design/methodology/approach

– The continuous development toward ever-higher precision and closer tolerances in the manufacture of workpieces is in line with the perspective of nanotechnology. To meet the metrological requirements new high precision intelligent measuring instruments have been developed, which are proposed in this paper.

Findings

– In modern industrial production, need for high precision metrology at micro and nano scale provides high quality requirements as well. Therefore, while providing adequate metrology applications, good management of resources and environmental, energy consequences shall be addressed in an integrated manner with an integrated management system of quality, environment and energy.

Research limitations/implications

– Metrology as the measurement science provides the functional methodology for quality control under the defined specifications and standards. New levels of manufacturing precision are the key requirements to enable advanced machining processes that demands improved techniques of metrology.

Practical implications

– The practical industrial use is now quite possible, but uncertainty and calibration with respect to certain questions still open. In various technical fields, there are increasingly new applications being mainly mechanical engineering, precision machining, biomedicine and precision engineering are mentioned.

Originality/value

– This paper provides measurement results and experimenting a strategic approach to develop a smart integrated system applicable in manufacturing industry using the intelligent networking for the digital factory by first an inter-university network that accesses, cooperates and operates at distance in the laboratory of distant research laboratories that can be applicable to all other industrial organizations.
A ESCALA DE INTENSIDADE DE SUPORTE – SIS NO BRASIL
Authors: Almeida Maria Amelia , Boueri Iasmin Zanchi , Postalli Lidia Maria M.
Published: August 2016

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi adaptar a Escala de Intensidade de Suporte – SIS para o Brasil. Primeiramente, a escala foi traduzida e submetida a retrotradução por dois especialistas da área que dominavam o idioma da escala. Posteriormente, foi submetida a juízes para validação semântica e de conteúdo. O índice de “acertos” na classificação dos conteúdos foi de 83.72% (Variação: 81% a 92%) de itens classificados de “forma correta” conforme as categorias indicadas. Em relação à avaliação semântica, dos 86 itens da escala, 15 geraram algum tipo de dúvida entre os juízes, que sugeriram outras formas de tradução e recomendaram, em algumas situações, que exemplos esclarecedores fossem fornecidos para atender o contexto cultural brasileiro. O resultado parcial da aplicação da escala vem demonstrando propriedades de validade e fidedignidade para a realidade brasileira que poderá torná‐la uma ferramenta útil no planejamento e implementação de Planos Educacionais Individualizados.
ATTITUDES OF GERMAN STUDENT TEACHERS ON INCLUSION
Authors: Baar Robert
Published: August 2016

The contribution discusses attitudes of German Teacher Training Students on Inclusion based on an empirical analysis containing three elements: Evaluation of students’ written exams, results of a survey with closed as open questions and the interpretation of group discussions among students about inclusion. One can see that, though the found‐out attitudes of most of the students can be described as quiet positive towards inclusion, still there is a lack of willingness to contribute to inclusion personally as well as a lack of deeper understanding about the idea itself. This paper will describe the actual situation in Germany than settle the theoretical background before showing the state of research. After explaining the design of the study, the results, conclusions and perspectives will be presented.