bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and numerical study of delamination phenomenon in sandwich structures with hybrid corrugated core in the mode II of crack growth
Authors: Zangoei Amir Reza , Rahimi Gholam Hossein , Gazor Mohammad Sajjad , Vahidibidhendi Mohammad , Azarniya Omid
Published: January 2023

The present study experimentally evaluates delamination of hybrid corrugated-core sandwich structures in the mode II of failure under flexural loading. Three sandwich structures with different cores, including core with no reinforcement, trapezoidal reinforcement, and triangular reinforcement, were fabricated. The strain energy release rate (G) of each specimen was then measured in the mode II of crack growth. The R-curves of the specimens were also extracted using experimental data, and by photographing the crack growth. Furthermore, the effects of the initial crack length on the R-curve were measured. In the last phase of this study, the specimens were numerically modeled using the finite element method (FEM). The delamination of the core and face sheets was modeled using the cohesive zone method (CZM), and the load–displacement curves of the specimens were extracted and compared to those of experimental data.
A Qualitative Systematic Review About Children’s Everyday Lives when a Parent Is Seriously Ill with the Prospect of Imminent Death - Perspectives of Children and Parents
Authors: Fu Cong , Glasdam Stinne , Stjernswärd Sigrid , Xu Hongxuan
Published: January 2023

Parental dying is a life changing experience for children. This study explores children’s strategies and (inter)actions in their everyday life when facing critically ill parents and imminent death, from the children’s and parents’ perspectives. A qualitative systematic review was carried out, registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022306862). A literature search and screening in six databases resulted in eighteen articles. Thematic analysis showed that children were capable of developing various strategies to cope in everyday life, even in vulnerable situations. From parents’ and children’s perspectives, inclusion, openness, and communication about parents’ situations, taking children’s age and needs into consideration, were important to face and cope with the situation. Children were life-capable, also in vulnerable and difficult situations. This calls for the necessity of developing children-led support, by acknowledging, and taking the children’s experiences, and resources, as starting points to tailor adequate support for children of critically ill parents.
Self-Esteem, Perceived Social Support, and Suicidal Ideation and Behavior Among Adults Attracted to Children
Authors: Ingram Maggie , Thorne Evelyn , Letourneau Elizabeth J. , Nestadt Paul S.
Published: January 2023

Introduction: People who are attracted to children may be at elevated risk for suicidal ideation and behavior compared to the general population. However, factors associated with suicidal ideation and behavior in this population represent a gap in the literature.

Methods: The current study used multilinear regression to explore the impact of self-esteem and perceived social support on suicidal ideation and behavior in a sample of 154 adults attracted to children. Mediation analysis was conducted to investigate the role of lifetime major depressive disorder and hopelessness in these relationships.

Results: Results showed high prevalence of past-year and lifetime suicidal ideation and behavior in the sample. Both self-esteem and perceived social support demonstrated significant, inverse relationships with suicidal ideation and behavior after adjustment for covariates. Mediation analyses provided support for the role of hopelessness, but not depression, in these relationships.

Conclusion: Results demonstrate high rates of suicidal ideation and behavior among adults attracted to children and highlight important opportunities for prevention and intervention. Improving self-esteem, bolstering perceived social support, reducing hopelessness, and removing barriers to help-seeking may be targets for improving mental health and preventing suicidal ideation and behavior in this population.
Counter-Hegemonic Narratives of White Weddings: Brides Responses to Wedding Disruptions During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Pollino Madison A. , Stafford Laura , Scott Allison M.
Published: January 2023

Dominant cultural discourses dictate what the ideal wedding should look like, and these discourses often center around the white wedding. White weddings typically include a bride in a white dress, a large reception, and a honeymoon. Given that western culture privileges the white wedding, weddings that deviate from this norm are sometimes delegitimatized. We used Relational Dialectics Theory 2.0 to examine dominant discourses of weddings during Covid-19. Covid-19 necessitated that many couples alter their wedding plans and prompted them to explicitly consider the taken-for-granted assumptions of the white wedding. We conducted a contrapuntal analysis of 87 recently married women’s open-ended survey responses about how Covid-19 changed their wedding plans and what the women liked and disliked about these changes. These disruptions in wedding plans afford the opportunity to explore dominant white wedding discourses among brides. The following discourses emerged from our analysis: the centripetal discourse of the white wedding, the centrifugal discourse of the focus on relationships, the centripetal discourses of the perfect day, and the centrifugal discourses of the perfect day.
Early results of cyanoacrylate adhesive ablation versus laser ablation for the treatment of great saphenous vein insufficiency in the Chinese mainland population
Authors: Qi Xiaotong , Zhang Mingyi , Yu Wu , Ran Kun , Chen Yikuan
Published: January 2023

Objective

In this study, we present our early outcomes of cyanoacrylate ablation (CA) versus endovenous laser ablation (EVLA) for the treatment of great saphenous vein (GSV) insufficiency in the Chinese mainland population.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 108 patients (53 patients in the CA group and 55 patients in the EVLA group) with GSV insufficiency who were treated with CA and EVLA between May 2020 and May 2021. The Venous Clinical Severity Score and Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire were used to assess clinical symptoms and quality of life, respectively. Total closure rates and procedure-related adverse events were also recorded in both groups.

Results

There was no significant difference between patients treated with CA or EVLA in terms of demographic and clinical characteristics. The average procedure time was 17 min in the CA group and 35 min in the EVLA group ( p < 0.001). The CA group had lower pain scores during the procedure and 3 days afterward than the EVLA group ( p < 0.001). At month 12, the CA group had a 90.4% closure rate, while the EVLA group had an 83.0% closure rate, with no significant difference between the two groups ( p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the Venous Clinical Severity Score or Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire score between the groups ( p > 0.05). During follow-up, neither group experienced any significant adverse events, such as pulmonary embolism or deep venous thrombosis. The incidence of ecchymosis and paresthesia was significantly lower in the CA group than in the EVLA group ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Cyanoacrylate ablation has a high feasibility profile and is an effective approach to accomplish complete GSV target vein closure at early follow-up in the Chinese patients. Compared to EVLA, the improvement in quality-of-life outcomes is also sustained and similar, with less pain and fewer complications due to the absence of tumescence anesthesia and postprocedural compression stockings.
Preventive interventions for lateral ankle sprains: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Fanjia , Guan Yonghao , Bamber Zoe , Cao Xianxin , Qi Qi , Niu Wenxin , Chen Bin
Published: January 2023

Objective

To evaluate the effect of preventive interventions for lateral ankle sprain in the general population.

Data sources

A search of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted up to August 2022.

Review methods

Randomized controlled trials and prospective cohort studies that evaluated any interventions for preventing lateral ankle sprain were included. Two reviewers independently conducted the search, screening, and data extraction. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials or using the Cochrane Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies tool for prospective cohort studies.

Results

Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria. Proprioceptive training exhibited better effects on preventing future lateral ankle sprain compared with the control group (risk ratio = 0.59, p < 0.001), and a stronger preventive effect was observed in participants with a history of lateral ankle sprain in the subgroup analysis (risk ratio = 0.49, p = 0.02). Compared with no bracing, ankle bracing had no significant better effect in preventing lateral ankle sprain (risk ratio = 0.43, p = 0.05). Proprioceptive training and ankle bracing had similar preventive effects (risk ratio = 0.98, p = 0.97). Limited evidence hindered the synthesis of data on pain, swelling, costs, and time loss.

Conclusion

Proprioceptive training is recommended for preventing lateral ankle sprain, especially for people with a history of lateral ankle sprain. Bracing seems to have an ambiguous preventive effect and requires more further investigation.
Eyes on the Streets: Media Use and Public Opinion About Facial Recognition Technology
Authors: Brewer Paul R. , Bingaman James , Dawson Wyatt , Paintsil Ashley , Wilson David C.
Published: January 2023

This study examines how different forms of media use predict attitudes toward the development of facial recognition technology (FRT) and applications of it by law enforcement to identify criminal suspects, identify potential terrorists, and monitor public protests. The theoretical framework builds on theories of cultivation and genre-specific viewing to develop hypotheses and research questions. The analyses draw on original data from two nationally representative surveys of the U.S. public conducted in 2020, amid a series of controversies and protests about policing and racial justice. The results demonstrate that overall television viewing and crime media viewing predicted support for multiple uses of FRT, while Fox News viewing predicted support for using FRT to monitor protests. The findings advance our understanding of public opinion toward the technology and its implications for policing, protests, and social justice.
Identifying Genetic Susceptibility in Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Woodward Kristine E. , Murthy Prashanth , Mineyko Aleksandra , Mohammad Khorshid , Esser Michael J.
Published: January 2023

Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is a clinical phenomenon that often results from perinatal asphyxia. To mitigate secondary neurologic injury, prompt initial assessment and diagnosis is needed to identify patients eligible for therapeutic hypothermia. However, occasionally neonates present with a clinical picture of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy without significant risk factors for perinatal asphyxia. We hypothesized that in patients with genetic abnormalities, the clinical manifestation of those abnormalities may overlap with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy criteria, potentially contributing to a causal misattribution. We reviewed 210 charts of infants meeting local protocol criteria for moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonatal intensive care units in Calgary, Alberta. All patients that met criteria for therapeutic hypothermia were eligible for the study. Data were collected surrounding pregnancy and birth histories, as well as any available genetic or metabolic testing including microarray, gene panels, whole-exome sequencing, and newborn metabolic screens. Twenty-eight patients had genetic testing such as microarray, whole-exome sequencing, or a gene panel, because of clinical suspicion. Ten of 28 patients had genetic mutations, including CDKL5, pyruvate dehydrogenase, CFTR, CYP21A2, ISY1, KIF1A, KCNQ2, SCN9A, MTFMT, and NPHP1. All patients lacked significant risk factors to support a moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy diagnosis. Treatment was changed in 2 patients because of confirmed genetic etiology. This study demonstrates the importance of identifying genetic comorbidities as potential contributors to a hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy phenotype in neonates. Early identification of clinical factors that support an alternate diagnosis should be considered when the patient's clinical picture is not typical of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and could aid in both treatment decisions and outcome prognostication.
The Role of Parental Socio-Economic Status and Perceived Career-Related Behaviors in Developmental Trajectories of Educational Identity in Adolescence: A Four-Wave Study
Authors: Timar-Anton Casandra , Negru-Subtirica Oana , Damian Lavinia E.
Published: January 2023

Personal identity formation is a key developmental task of adolescence, with the educational domain being a core life domain. Parents are gatekeepers of adolescent career development but their role in facilitating educational identity formation still needs to be uncovered. The present study investigated developmental trajectories of educational identity processes (commitment, in-depth exploration, and reconsideration of commitment) across two academic years. Educational identity processes, parental socio-economic status, and parental career-related behaviors (support, interference, lack of engagement) were appraised through a four-wave longitudinal study with 5- to 6-month intervals ( N = 744; M age = 15.2 years, 55% girls). Results of the latent class growth analysis revealed five educational identity trajectories (i.e., Undifferentiated, Searching moratorium, Foreclosed, Diffusion, and Achievement). Commitment and in-depth exploration processes were stable for all five trajectories. The undifferentiated trajectory (medium stable levels for all identity processes) was the most prevalent. Parental socio-economic status and perceived parental support correlated positively with achievement and searching moratorium trajectories and negatively with diffused and undifferentiated trajectories. Foreclosed adolescents perceived their parents as the most engaged. Trajectories characterized by high reconsideration of commitment also correlated the most with perceived parental interference. The results bring forward valuable insights into the role parents play in their adolescents’ educational identity development.
Non-contact micromachining by a dynamic feed rate controlled electrochemical discharge machining process
Authors: Shrestha Hirdayesh , Chen Yu-Jen , Sundaram Murali
Published: January 2023

Electrochemical discharge machining (ECDM) is an emerging micromachining method to drill advanced non-conductive materials such as Hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). Physical contact of micro tools with work material could cause machining inaccuracies, excessive tool wear, and even tool breakage. In this study, a control system based on monitoring the force generated by the ECDM gas film has been developed to achieve non-contact machining of ECDM by dynamically adjusting the tool feed rate. The accuracy of the control system was verified by accelerometer and Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) data. In the modules, it was found that a non-contact machining process requires the FFT amplitude to be lower than 42 V for a 1200 rpm tool rotation. The experimental results show consistent micro-holes with an average diameter of 650 µm and less than 20 µm error in the overcut achieved using this control system.
Influence of lateral dynamic error on the trajectory error in machine tools
Authors: Wang Chensheng , Guo Yonghao , Liu Hongda , Niu Wentie
Published: January 2023

In machine tools, the trajectory error of the tool center point (TCP) is caused due to the dynamic positioning error of feed drive systems according to the relationship in spatial structure and motion. The dynamic positioning error of the feed drive system includes axial dynamic error and lateral dynamic error. To analyze the influence of the lateral dynamic error on the trajectory error of the TCP of multi-axis machine tools, in this study, circular and butterfly trajectories were designed as the set trajectories of a machine tool with three linear axes. In addition, the tracking error models were constructed both considering the lateral dynamic error and without considering the lateral dynamic error, and the difference between the two models was quantified. The Sobol method was then used to analyze the sensitivity of the lateral dynamic error of the feed drive system to the tracking error of the TCP. Finally, experiments were performed on a three-axis machine tool. The results show the maximum lateral dynamic error in the direction perpendicular to the motion direction is 0.026 mm. The lateral dynamic error detrimentally affects the tracking error and contour error of the TCP in multi-axis machine tools.
Design study on small transmission ratio harmonic reducer with new profile wave generator
Authors: Yu Zhenjiang , Wang Xiaodong , Zheng Yuansong
Published: January 2023

A harmonic reducer (HR) is widely used because of high precision, small size, light weight and a series of advantages. However, the disadvantage is that its transmission ratio is generally not less than 60. According to a market research study, more than 60% of the reducers have the transmission ratio of less than 60. This implies that the large transmission ratio restricts the HR from applications in the market demanding a small transmission ratio (20–60). In this study, a method is presented for designing the HR with the small transmission ratio as low as 20. First, by clarifying the principle of reducing the transmission ratio of the HR, a design model of two-wave HR tooth profile is deduced in detail, and a four-tooth difference HR is designed. Aiming at solving the problem that diminishing the radial deformation coefficient leads to the reduction of the engagement depth and the increase of the pressure angle of the tooth profile, a wave generator with a new profile is proposed. Then an optimization model based on the circular spline tooth profile to envelope the flexspline tooth profile is developed for achieving the twice-conjugated engagement. Based on manufacturing considerations, the theoretical tooth profile is fitted by involute based on a given numerical approximation method. Third, a finite element analysis is carried out to investigate the stress characteristics of small transmission ratio HR. Finally, a prototype with a transmission ratio of 20 is trial-produced and tested, which shows that the design methods can be applied for the small transmission ratio HR.
Professional Development of Women in STEM Careers: Evidence from a Latin American Country
Authors: Avolio Beatrice , Chávez Jessica
Published: January 2023

During the last decades, there have been important changes in the entry and participation of women in public life, especially in the workforce. However, this positive evolution of women is not reflected in their participation in the STEM fields, where we identified a significant gender gap. Thus, this phenomenological study analyses the factors that affect the career advancement of women in STEM, identifying the individual, family, social and economic/labour factors that, according to the experiences of these women, make an impact. The sample was made up of fifteen professional women (not in academia) in STEM careers in Perú. Data were collected, encoded, categorised and analysed according to the stages suggested by Moustakas (1994) . The findings of the study were related to the gender roles and stereotypes that affect women within the STEM professional context. The study proposes a conceptual framework that shows 12 elements that affect the professional development of women in STEM. The originality of this research lies in the fact that it analyses this phenomenon in Peru, where women’s labour force participation rate is the highest in the region and the majority of students who graduate from undergraduate programmes are women. The results will help academic authorities and policymakers to identify the barriers that affect this population and develop policies to improve the situation of professional women in the STEM workforce.
Supply Chain Vulnerability and Resilience: A Case of Harvested Shrimp from Kerala, India
Authors: Vijay T. Asha , Raju M. S.
Published: January 2023

Recurrent natural disasters, the impact of economic turbulences, the COVID-19 pandemic and other factors have heightened concerns about constructing resilient systems. Supply chain weaknesses have been demonstrated in the past, encouraging the creation of preventative capabilities to retain competitiveness and respond to changes in both macro and local contexts. Examining the multiple risks presented in the culture and marketing of shrimp, as well as the measures taken by shrimp farmers to overcome the disturbances (producers of the group’s most valuable commodity), could provide insight into the current situation and aid in decision-making. Agility, distribution network structure, visibility relating producers to final consumers, communication between supply chain partners, sharing of benefits and uncertainties, global mapping and collaborative actions across supply chain partners were the drivers of supply chain resilience. Uncertainties associated with demand, supply, operational and environmental conditions were identified as supply chain vulnerability factors. The shrimp farmers maintain a balance between dependability measures and risks in the industry and continue the business, knowing that overcoming vulnerability could result in even higher susceptibilities.
Analytical modeling of a multilayer, multimorph lithium-ion battery actuator
Authors: Gonzalez Cody A. , Shan Shuhua , Frecker Mary I. , Rahn Christopher D.
Published: January 2023

Silicon-anode based lithium-ion batteries can provide large actuation strain and actuator strain energy through their novel electrochemical actuation mechanism. Battery actuators have strong potential as multifunctional actuators due to their ability to store energy, actuate, and self-sense. This paper presents a generic multilayer model that can predict the following actuator metrics for a multimorph: free deflection, blocked deflection, blocked force, actuator force, and actuator strain energy. Two case studies are explored including an experimentally validated case study with a 13-layer multimorph and a 33-layer multimorph. These case studies are investigated for a range of coating layer thicknesses and for two prevailing assumptions. The first assumes perfect bonding of all layers within the multimorph, and the second is a novel method where some layer interfaces in a multimorph are assumed be in slip. Results under the perfect bonding assumption indicate that the stiffer 33-layer performs better than the 13-layer in blocked force and actuator strain energy per active material volume. The 13-layer multimorph performs better in free deflection due to its larger compliance. When some layers are assumed to slip, the free and blocked deflection increase, due to the increased compliance, relative to all the perfectly bonded case studies.
Non-Clinical Cell Therapy Development Using the NCG Mouse Model as a Test System
Authors: Smutova Viktorija , Pará Camila , Foret Morgan K. , Bennamoune Nehla , Hung Selly , Spickler Catherine , Riffon Renee , Rowe Jenny , Festin Stephen , Authier Simon
Published: January 2023

The NCG triple immunodeficient mice on a NOD/Nju background lack functional/mature T, B, and NK cells, and have reduced macrophage and dendritic cell function. This study characterized the NCG mouse model for toxicity, engraftment and tumorigenicity assessments of cell therapies, using CD34+ hHSPC adult mobilized cells with two myeloablation regimens.

Mice received sub-lethal irradiation or busulfan and were then injected intravenously with CD34+ hHSPCs (1.0 x 106 cells/mouse) or PBS (control), while positive control animals received 2 x 106 HL-60 cells/mouse. hCD34+ cell donors were treated with the mobilizing agent G-CSF prior to leukapheresis. Following injections, mouse blood samples were collected to assess engraftment rates by flow cytometry with body weights recorded periodically up to 20 weeks post-cell injection. No significant clinical signs or body weight changes were observed. At week 10 post-cell injection, the peripheral blood chimerism of hCD45+ cells was above 20%. While mCD45+ concentration was constant between week 10 and 17 in whole blood samples, hCD45+ concentration and chimerism slightly decreased at week 17. However, chimerism remained above 10%, with busulfan-treated mice presenting higher values. Chimerism was further assessed by quantifying human Alu sequences in blood and multiple organs using qPCR. Alu sequences were most abundant in the spleen and bone marrow, while lowest in the testes. In the positive control group, expected mortalities due to tumorigenesis were observed between days 27 and 40 post-cell injection. Overall, study results may be used to inform study design and potential toxicological endpoints relevant to non-clinical cell therapy development.
Overlapping Syndromes: Drug-Induced Vasculitis From Hydralazine With Positive Antinuclear Antibodies
Authors: Kannan Lakshmi , Syeda UmmeRubab
Published: January 2023

Hydralazine is an antihypertensive medication that has been associated with drug-associated autoimmune syndromes like interstitial lung disease, pauci-immune glomerulonephritis, and hypocomplementemia. Hydralazine-induced ANCA-associated vasculitis and hydralazine induced positive antinuclear antibodies are rare. Clinical manifestations range from arthralgia, petechiae, or rash to multiorgan involvement. When presented as pulmonary-renal syndrome, it can be rapidly progressive and fatal. Here, we describe a case of hydralazine-associated vasculitis with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis and highlight the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment.
Clinical Benefit of Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Epilepsy: Assessment of Randomized Controlled Trials and Prospective Non-Randomized Studies
Authors: Cramer Samuel W , McGovern Robert A , Chen Clark C , Park Michael C
Published: January 2023

We examined the efficacy of vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) for patients suffering from medically intractable epilepsy. Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs - 3 adult RCTs and 1 pediatric RCT) were identified in our comprehensive literature search. Across the 4 studies, high frequency VNS stimulation (frequency >20 Hz) consistently achieved a greater seizure frequency reduction (23.4-33.1%) relative to low frequency VNS stimulation (1 Hz, .6-15.2%). We identified 2 RCTs examining whether the parameters of stimulation influenced seizure control. These studies reported that VNS achieved seizure control comparable to those reported by the first 4 RCTs (22-43% seizure frequency reduction), irrespective of the parameters utilized for VNS stimulation. In terms of VNS associated morbidity, these morbidities were consistently higher in adults who underwent high frequency VNS stimulation (eg dysphonia 37-66%, dyspnea 6-25.3%). However, no such differences were observed in the pediatric population. Moreover, <2% of patients withdrew from the RCTs/prospective studies due to intolerable symptoms. To provide an assessment of how the risks and benefits of VNS impact the patient experience, 1 study assessed the well-being of enrolled patients (as a secondary end point) and found VNS was associated with an overall improvement in well-being. Consistent with this observation, we identified a prospective, non-randomized study that demonstrated improved quality of life for epilepsy patients managed with VNS and best medical practice relative to best medical practice alone. In aggregate, these RCT studies support the efficacy and benefit of VNS as a neuro-modulatory platform in the management of a subset of medically refractory epilepsy patients.
Overcoming communicative separation for stigma reconstruction: How pole dancers fight content moderation on Instagram
Authors: Leybold Milena , Nadegger Monica
Published: January 2023

This article investigates how stigmatized groups get organized to fight stigmatization through content-moderation practices on social media platforms. We apply a communicative understanding of stigmatization and stigma management, theorizing stigmatization as disruptive for a stigmatized group’s communicative connections to (non-)stigmatized groups. This communicative separation makes it particularly difficult for the stigmatized to organize the beneficial relations to other (non-)stigmatized groups needed to reconstruct stigma jointly. In this article, we investigate how stigmatized groups reconstruct their stigma despite communicative separation. Empirically, we build on a netnographic case study of pole dancers protesting a shadowban on Instagram. Shadowbanning represents a stigmatization practice that moderates content based on its association with sex work. The analysis shows how pole dancers and other stigmatized groups manage stigmatization through a process of stigma maintenance and stigma reconstruction. By emphasizing their difference to sex work through assimilating fitness jargon and distancing themselves from the sex industry, the pole dancers maintain the stigma but regain their communicative abilities by siding with Instagram. This victory initiates a shift in emphasizing solidarity and allows pole dancers and other stigmatized groups to embrace the stigma, forge new ties, and reach out to (non-)stigmatized groups to reconstruct stigma jointly. This study extends the stigma management literature by showing the interlinkage between different stigma-management strategies and their implications for overcoming communicative separation. We conclude by discussing the hardships of organizing stigma reconstruction and stigmatized groups’ strategies to overcome them.
Beyond the language barrier: A systematic review of selective mutism in culturally and linguistically diverse children
Authors: Slobodin Ortal
Published: January 2023

Selective mutism is a childhood psychiatric disorder that has been associated with adverse psychological, social and educational outcomes. Although evidence suggests that culturally and linguistically diverse children might be overrepresented among children with selective mutism, a direct examination of how migration or minority status are associated with the development and persistence of the disorder is still scarce. Guided by eco-cultural perspectives of development, the current review aims to provide an overview of selective mutism in culturally and linguistically diverse children. A systematic literature review of selective mutism studies that included a group of culturally and linguistically diverse children yielded eight studies that met our inclusion criteria. Although these studies support the view that bilingualism and minority status might be associated with selective mutism, the role of sociocultural factors in the development and persistence of the disorder remained mostly unexamined. The review concludes with a discussion of potential directions for future research, including examination of the cultural and psychological meanings of silence and talk, socialization goals, gender inequality, and parental acculturation strategies.
Free vibration of a taut cable with internal high damping rubber dampers and an external negative stiffness damper
Authors: Liu Yang , Xu Yan-wei , Wang Zhi-hao
Published: January 2023

Frequent vibration events on the long stay cables highlight the need to control their multi-mode vibrations. Compared to commonly used viscous dampers for cable vibration control, the negative stiffness damper (NSD) demonstrates its superior performance. However, a single NSD is incapable of providing sufficient supplemental damping for a super-long cable, especially for the multi-mode vibration mitigation. The combined internal high damping rubber (HDR) dampers and the external NSD for cable vibration control is proposed to achieve better multi-mode control performance in this study. First, the complex modal analysis of a taut cable coupled with an external NSD and two internal HDR dampers is conducted to reveal the coupling performance of the damping system. The asymptotic and iterative solutions of transcendental equation obtained in complex modal analysis are derived, respectively. Subsequently, the comparison of asymptotic and iterative solutions verifies the applicability of asymptotic solutions. Finally, parametric studies are performed to investigate the effect of the parameters of NSD and the coupling configuration on their combined control performance. Results show that the coupling schemes with different configurations can possess a wider effective modal range or a better damping effect in the narrower modal ranges according to different damping targets. It provides a diversified solution for multi-mode damping enhancement of stay cables.
Numerical procedure for prechamber transfer from a single-cylinder engine to a rapid compression machine
Authors: Soni Rajat , Posch Stefan , Gößnitzer Clemens , Pirker Gerhard , Wimmer Andreas
Published: January 2023

This paper presents a method for transferring a prechamber from a single-cylinder engine (SCE) to a rapid compression machine (RCM) as a pre-step for carrying out optical experiments. The overall objective of the transfer procedure is to achieve similar flow field conditions in the prechamber which is mounted on an RCM as compared to the same prechamber mounted on an SCE. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of a large-bore natural gas SCE were carried out up to ignition timing which serve as the basis for the transfer procedure. The mass-flow rate in the prechamber neck, pressure difference between the main chamber and prechamber, prechamber pressure and mass in the prechamber were defined as the governing thermodynamic quantities which affect the evolution of the flow field in the prechamber during the compression stroke. All of these quantities in an RCM are largely influenced by operating piston speed and compression ratio for given initial conditions. The RCM operation parameters for each governing quantity were estimated with the help of 0D simulations. CFD simulations of RCM were performed for the determined RCM operation parameters, and the evolution of the velocity field and turbulent quantities in the prechamber were evaluated. The procedure has been applied to two prechambers of different shape and size and a good agreement between the RCM and corresponding SCE CFD simulations was achieved for the flow field conditions in both of the prechambers near the ignition timing. It was found that mass-flow rate in the prechamber neck is the most important quantity which influences the prechamber flow field. Overall this numerical procedure provided a flexible and computationally feasible approach to adjusting RCM operation parameters for transferring a prechamber from the SCE to RCM.
Playing flute without lips? Tones of music lost in time: An investigation of the indigenous Bastar flutes of India
Authors: Karn Ashish , Anand Ritvik , Kataria Aditya , Donga Ramesh Kumar , Agarwal Naman , Singh Varun Pratap
Published: January 2023

The physics of music has been well studied and has provided the basis on which musical instruments are made, studied and characterized. Significant research has been conducted on the different kinds of musical instruments, which range from traditional instruments like the mridangas of India to the bagpipes of Scotland. In fact, a lot of research has been carried on the acoustics of different kinds of flutes as well, such as the Finnish kantele and the Indonesian Kompangs. The Indian subcontinent, the birthplace of transverse flutes and a host of other instruments, itself has a plethora of unique musical instruments that have been scientifically examined. Yet, the Bastar flutes of India have evaded the due scientific attention that they deserve owing to their unique sound generation mechanism. Quite strangely and surprisingly, these Bastar flutes are a unique genre of flutes that don’t require lips to be played, and are quite intriguing. The current research explores the aeroacoustics of a Bastar flute via experimental measurements, computational simulations and analytical formulations. The results demonstrate that the amplitude produced is directly proportional to the number of rims present. This are also responsible for producing a low-frequency, high-amplitude melodious sound. It also suggests that the underlying mechanism behind sound generation in a Bastar flute is a unique blend of edge tone and a jet tone, demonstrating a rare phenomenon not seen in traditional musical instruments. This uncommon phenomenon has the potential to unlock several new applications in the field of acoustics.
Increasing Retention of Underrepresented Students in STEM Fields at California Community Colleges: A Study of the STEM2 Program
Authors: Draganov Torri , Kim JoHyun , Yoon Seung Won
Published: January 2023

With the need to increase Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) graduates, higher education institutions need to identify and improve ways to increase underrepresented STEM student retention rates. Cypress College in Southern California implemented a program called STEM2 (Strengthen Transfer Education and Matriculation in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) to give students the support and the resources to continue with their intended majors. In this study, we examined the impact of the STEM2 participation for 1,113 students on multiple core outcomes of retention, four-year transfer, and associates of arts (AA) degree completion of STEM students. Logistics regression was used to determine the significance of input variables and the odds that the desired outcome was achieved. Results indicated there is a difference in student outcomes based on the students’ ethnicity, enrollment in the STEM2 program, and use of student support programs. Implications for practice and future research were also included.
Charitable Pharmacies as Catalysts for Coordinated Care: Pharmacist Management of Blood Glucose Among Under-Resourced Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Langhinrichsen-Rohling Jennifer , Richie Fallon , Kelley Marlena , Selwyn Candice , Archer Shearie , Blejwas Emily
Published: January 2023

This community-academic-pharmacy partnership evaluated the impact of a pharmacist-led approach to diabetes management in under-resourced charitable pharmacy patients. Charitable pharmacies serve a large volume of under-resourced patients; pharmacist involvement may improve blood glucose management due to the frequency with which patients access the pharmacy for medications. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a pharmacist-led approach to diabetes management (measured by blood glucose levels) by providing medication therapy management (MTM) and leveraging communication between the pharmacist and patients’ primary care providers (PCPs). Study participants were Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) patients with type 2 diabetes who obtained free diabetes-related medications from the pharmacy. Participants were randomly assigned to treatment as usual (TAU), MTM, or MTM plus coordinated care between the pharmacist and the patient’s PCP. The blood glucose levels of patients who received MTM remained stable throughout the duration of the study while blood glucose levels for TAU patients significantly increased. A previously non-existent communication channel between pharmacists and FQHC providers was established and recommendations were exchanged. This relatively small investment on behalf of the pharmacy (e.g., routinely checking blood glucose, sharing medication recommendations) led to a return on health outcomes for a high-risk, low-resource patient population. This study yielded a beneficial change in practice as the pharmacy has institutionalized measuring at-risk patients’ blood glucose levels during pharmacy visits. The pharmacy has also continued to enhance their relationship with the FQHC to provide integrated, patient-centered care to this shared vulnerable patient population.
Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of a Driving Target: RET Rearrangements in non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) Especially in China
Authors: Li Tao , Yang Wen-Yu , Liu Ting-Ting , Li Yao , Liu Lu , Zheng Xuan , Zhao Lei , Zhang Fan , Hu Yi
Published: January 2023

In the era of precision medicine, with the deepening of the research on malignant tumor driving genes, clinical oncology has fully entered the era of targeted therapy. For non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the development of targeted drugs targeting driver genes, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), has successfully opened up a new model of targeted therapy. At present, proto-oncogene rearranged during transfection (RET) fusion gene is an important novel oncogenic driving target, and specific receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting RET fusion have been approved. This article will review the latest research about the molecular characteristics, pathogenesis, detection, and clinical treatment strategies of RET rearrangements especially in China.
A Mixed-Methods Approach to Climate Action Planning
Authors: Quinlivan Lauren , Dunphy Niall
Published: January 2023

With global greenhouse gas emissions on the rise, the higher education sector has recognised the part it must play in reducing its carbon footprint, setting an example for others to follow in the global fight against climate change. In 2019 University College Cork undertook the complex task of designing and developing a Climate Action Plan, beginning with the compilation of a detailed inventory of the university’s greenhouse gas emissions and followed by a period of engaged research during which potential climate action measures were identified by key stakeholders. In response to the start of the Covid-19 pandemic and introduction of public health restrictions, a structured dialogue – modified Delphi – approach was employed as part of the engaged research. This mixed-methods approach proved successful at identifying a number of potential opportunities for reducing the university’s carbon footprint, with the structured dialogue method in particular offering the researchers numerous advantages for conducting engaged research during the unique circumstances arising as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic.
Comparison of design methods for a safety run-in phase of a phase II clinical trial
Authors: Ji Lingyun , Alonzo Todd A
Published: January 2023

Background/Aims:

In pediatric oncology, a Phase II trial often utilizes a safety run-in phase followed by an efficacy phase that enrolls at the dose level selected based on the safety run-in. Different from a Phase I trial, a Phase II safety run-in often assesses a very small number of dose levels. In the context of a safety run-in that assesses two or three dose levels, this article aims to compare three design methods, including the algorithm-based designs 3 + 3 and Rolling 6, and the model-assisted designs such as the Bayesian optimal interval design.

Methods:

Extensive simulations were conducted to evaluate and compare operating characteristics of the three design methods for a safety run-in with two or three dose levels, varying the starting dose level.

Results:

The performance of algorithm-based and model-assisted designs can be influenced by selection of the starting dose level, with trials starting at a lower dose level having a higher probability of selecting a low dose or considering all doses as toxic. The impact is larger for 3 + 3 and Rolling 6 but to a lesser extent for Bayesian optimal interval design. For a safety run-in with two dose levels, using 3 + 3 or Rolling 6 and starting at the higher dose often lead to similar performance to Bayesian optimal interval design. For safety run-in with three dose levels, starting at the middle dose with 3 + 3, Rolling 6 or Bayesian optimal interval design is a good compromise between improving correct dose selection and imposing a toxic dose to less patients.

Conclusions:

Despite being sensitive to the starting dose level, the 3 + 3, Rolling 6 and Bayesian optimal interval designs overall demonstrate reasonable performance, which can be further improved with wise selection of the starting dose level. The Rolling 6 design remains the recommended design method especially if pharmacokinetics is important or required with this design having the feature of treating six patients per dose level. When designing a safety run-in, selection of a design method or selection of a starting dose should consider both the performance of the design approaches with different choices of a starting dose level and the magnitude of safety concerns with the dose levels under investigation.
Image-based sexual abuse: Legislative and policing responses
Authors: Huber Antoinette Raffaela
Published: January 2023

Twenty-eight in depth interviews were conducted with victims, stakeholders and criminal justice staff to investigate legislative and policing responses to image-based sexual abuse in England and Wales. The research identifies fundamental failures within these responses and therefore calls for urgent change. Findings indicate that victims face fundamental prosecution barriers due to various limitations within the law as well as police failure to implement victim’s rights and provide a sense of procedural justice. This article therefore makes recommendations for stakeholder-informed legislative and policing reform.