bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suitability of Sphagnum Moss, Coir, and Douglas Fir Bark as Soilless Substrates for Container Production of Highbush Blueberry
Authors: Kingston Patrick H. , Scagel Carolyn F. , Bryla David R. , Strik Bernadine
Published: January 2018

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the suitability of different soilless substrates for container production of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium sp.). Young plants of ‘Snowchaser’ blueberry were grown in 4.4-L pots filled with media containing 10% perlite and varying proportions of sphagnum moss, coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) coir, and douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. (Franco)] bark, as well as a commercially available mix of peatmoss, perlite, and other ingredients for comparison. Total plant dry weight (DW) was similar among the treatments at 72 days after transplanting, but at 128 days, total DW was nearly twice as much in the commercial mix and in media with ≥60% peat or coir than in media with ≥60% bark. Inadequate irrigation likely played a role in poor plant growth in bark. Bark had lower porosity and water holding capacity than peat, coir, or the commercial mix and, therefore, dried quickly between irrigations. Bark also reduced plant uptake efficiency of a number of nutrients, including N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mn, B, Cu, and Zn. Uptake efficiency of P, K, and Mg also differed between plants grown in peat and coir, which in most cases was a function of the initial concentration of nutrients in the media. Before planting, peat had the highest concentration of Mg and Fe among the media, whereas coir had the highest concentration of P and K. Leachate pH was initially lowest with peat and highest with coir but was similar among each of the media treatments by the end of the study. Electrical conductivity (EC) of leachate never exceeded 0.84 dS·m−1 in any treatment. Overall, peat and coir appear to be good substrates for container production of highbush blueberry. Bark, on the other hand, was less suitable, particularly when it exceeded 30% of the total media composition.
The Differentiation of Chilling Requirements of Kiwifruit Cultivars Related to Ploidy Variation
Authors: Zhao Tingting , Li Dawei , Li Lulu , Han Fei , Liu Xiaoli , Zhang Peng , Chen Meiyan , Zhong Caihong
Published: January 2018

Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis Planchon) is an economically important fruit, and its flowering and production are affected by the chill accumulation in winter. In this study, the chilling requirements of nine kiwifruit cultivars with three ploidy levels (diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid) were analyzed by using the Dynamic Model, Utah Model, and chilling hours (CH) Model. The chilling requirements for vegetative budbreak of these kiwifruit cultivars were 24–55 chill portions (CP), 316–991 chill units (CU), and 222–853 CH, and the chilling requirements for floral emergence were 45–69 CP, 825–1336 CU, and 655–1138 CH. The chilling requirements for vegetative budbreak and floral emergence were significantly lower for diploid than hexaploid cultivars with tetraploid cultivars intermediate. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that ploidy levels were positively correlated with chilling requirement, with the cv of 0.74 and 0.82 for vegetative budbreak and floral emergence chilling requirements, respectively. In conclusion, these results provide some novel insights of kiwifruit varieties of various chilling requirements, which is beneficial for kiwifruit cultivar selection for different climates and environments.
Optimal Nutrient Concentration Ranges of ‘Hass’ Avocado Cauliflower Stage Inflorescences—Potential Diagnostic Tool to Optimize Tree Nutrient Status and Increase Yield
Authors: Campisi-Pinto Salvatore , Zheng Yusheng , Rolshausen Philippe E. , Crowley David E. , Faber Ben , Bender Gary , Bianchi Mary , Khuong Toan , Lovatt Carol J.
Published: January 2018

Optimizing ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.) tree nutrient status is essential for maximizing productivity. Leaf nutrient analysis is used to guide avocado fertilization to maintain tree nutrition. The goal of this research was to identify a ‘Hass’ avocado tissue with nutrient concentrations predictive of yields greater than 40 kg of fruit per tree. This threshold was specified to assist the California avocado industry to increase yields to ≈11,200 kg·ha−1. Nutrient concentrations of cauliflower stage inflorescences (CSI) collected in March proved better predictors of yield than inflorescences collected at full bloom (FBI) in April, fruit pedicels (FP) collected at five different stages of avocado tree phenology from the end of fruit set in June through April the following spring when mature fruit enter a second period of exponential growth, or 6-month-old spring flush leaves (LF) from nonbearing vegetative shoots collected in September (California avocado industry standard). For CSI tissue, concentrations of seven nutrients, nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu) were predictive of trees producing greater than 40 kg of fruit annually. Conditional quantile sampling and frequency analysis were used to identify optimum nutrient concentration ranges (ONCR) for each nutrient. Optimum ratios between nutrient concentrations and yields greater than 40 kg per tree were also derived. The high nutrient concentrations characterizing CSI tissue suggest current fertilization practices (timing or amounts) might be causing nutrient imbalances at this stage of avocado tree phenology that are limiting productivity, a possibility that warrants further investigation. Because CSI samples can be collected 4–6 weeks before full bloom, nutritional problems can be addressed before they affect flower retention and fruit set to increase current crop yield, fruit size, and quality. Thus, CSI nutrient analysis warrants further research as a potential supplemental or alternative tool for diagnosing ‘Hass’ avocado tree nutrient status and increasing yield.
Plant Growth Regulator Effects on Germination and Root Traits of ‘Lambada’ and ‘Don Victor’ Onion Cultivars
Authors: Macias-Leon Maria A. , Leskovar Daniel I.
Published: January 2018

Onions (Allium cepa L.) are easily outcompeted by weeds because of slow germination and relative growth rates. Therefore, high percentage of seed germination and root vigor are important traits to improve field performance. The effects of exogenous plant growth regulators (PGRs), 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon, Eth), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), trans-zeatin (tZ), and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) were evaluated on the germination and root growth of ‘Don Victor’ (yellow) and ‘Lambada’ (red) onion seedlings. Seeds were soaked for 10 hours in hormonal solutions and water (hydro-priming). Seed germination improved with Eth (30 and 100 μm), Eth (100 μm) + IAA (10 μm), and IAA (3 μm) treatments. Root surface area (RSA) increased in response to Eth at 30 and 100 μm, Eth + IAA, and 3 μm IAA. Root length (RL) and root diameter (RD) were enhanced by 1 μm tZ and 100 μm ACC. Eth reduced RL and RD, whereas IAA showed no effects. A subsequent experiment evaluated synergistic effects of different PGRs. Treatment of seeds with ACC (250 μm) + tZ (0.5 μm) and ACC (250 μm) + tZ (0.5 μm) + Eth (20 μm) enhanced RL and RD. RSA was unaffected by ACC + tZ + Eth. The results suggest that exogenous PGRs could be useful to enhance germination, RL, and RSA of onion seedlings.
Ploidy Level, Karyotype, and DNA Content in the Genus Lonicera
Authors: Chen Juan , Xia Nianhe , Wang Xiaoming , Beeson Richard C. , Chen Jianjun
Published: January 2018

Ploidy levels and genome sizes have significant implications in plant evolution and crop improvement. Species of Lonicera L. have long been cultivated as medicinal, ornamental crops, or both. However, chromosome numbers, karyotypes, and DNA contents have only been documented in a few species, of which some controversies regarding basic chromosome numbers and karyotypes remain. This study analyzed the chromosome numbers and karyomorphology of 11 cultivars across four species and also the DNA content of 10 cultivars representing six species of Lonicera. Among them, the chromosome numbers of nine cultivars are reported for the first time. Results showed that the basic chromosome number of x = 9 was constant, and chromosome numbers of 2n = 18, 27, 36, or 54 were observed, suggesting that polyploidy exists in the genus. Five cultivars are diploid with 2n = 18; one cultivar is triploid, four are tetraploid, and one is hexaploid. The karyotypes of all studied cultivars are 3B or 3A, except Lonicera sempervirens ‘Crimson Cascade’ that is 2B based on the Stebbins’ asymmetry classification of karyotypes. The asymmetry index (A1) values vary from 0.47 to 0.60. The chromosome lengths range from 0.77 to 4.09 μm. Total karyotype lengths differ from 33.55 to 78.71 μm. The 1C-value of 10 cultivars varies 3-fold, ranging from 1.158 to 3.664 pg. Information gathered from this study could be valuable for improving breeding efficiency in the development of new cultivars of Lonicera with enhanced medicinal, ornamental value, or both.
Yield and Mineral Content of Hydroponically Grown Mini-Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as Affected by Reduced Nutrient Concentration and Foliar Fertilizer Application
Authors: Maboko Martin M. , Du Plooy Christian Phillipus , Chiloane Silence
Published: January 2018

Nutrient application is one of the major inputs required for hydroponic production of cucumbers. Reduced nutrient solution concentration with supplementary foliar fertilizer application may maintain yield and quality of mini-cucumber, while decreasing the production costs. An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of foliar fertilizer in combination with reduced nutrient concentrations on the yield and quality of hydroponically grown mini-cucumber in a plastic tunnel. Mini-cucumber plants were grown in sawdust, fertigated with nutrient solutions containing 100% (control), 75%, 50%, or 25% of the recommended nutrient concentration (NC) and two foliar fertilizer applications (no foliar and foliar application). The highest fresh and dry weight of mini-cucumber plants were obtained with 75% and 100% NC and decreased with 50% to 25% NC application. The number of marketable fruit and marketable yield on mini-cucumbers increased with 75% to 100% NC, followed by 50% NC, as compared with 25% NC. Deformed fruit were significantly lower at 25% NC than at 50%, 75%, and 100% NC. Foliar fertilizer application did not have an effect on mini-cucumber yield, but reduced the yellowing of fruit. Fruit mineral content (P, Fe, and Mn) was significantly improved by 100% NC. Improvement in yield at 75% and 100% NC was as a result of improved plant height, leaf chlorophyll content, plant fresh and dry weight, and the increase in nutrient uptake of N, P, K, and Mn, which was evident in the analysis of cucumber leaves. The reduced NC of 75% can maintain yield and quality of mini-cucumbers, whereas the application of foliar fertilizer had a limited effect.
Morphophysiological Traits and Nitrate Content of Greenhouse Lettuce as Affected by Irrigation with Saline Water
Authors: Di Mola Ida , Rouphael Youssef , Colla Giuseppe , Fagnano Massimo , Paradiso Roberta , Mori Mauro
Published: January 2018

In a 2-year study, the morphophysiological and qualitative changes imposed to greenhouse lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) by an increasing concentration of NaCl in the irrigation water were determined. Plants were grown under soil conditions and supplied with irrigation water having electrical conductivities (ECs) of 0.7 (control), 0.9, 1.8, 3.6, or 7.2 dS·m−1. Irrigation with saline water resulted in linear decrease in plant growth parameters (i.e., leaf number, total leaf area and head diameter), head fresh weight, and diameter as well as yield, especially at 1.8, 3.6, and 7.2 dS·m−1, confirming that lettuce is a salt-sensitive crop. The percentage of marketable yield reduction in comparison with nonsaline control treatment was 22.7%, 36.4%, 45.4%, and 63.6% at 0.9, 1.8, 3.6, and 7.2 dS·m−1, respectively. The reduction in marketable fresh yield has been partly compensated by a decrease in the nitrate content of salt-treated lettuce. The highest values of hydrophilic antioxidant activity were recorded in the nonsalinized treatment. The lowest values of lipophylic antioxidant activity (LAA) and total ascorbic acid were observed under severe stress conditions (7.2 dS·m−1). Net CO2 assimilation rate and leaf water potential (LWP) declined with increasing NaCl concentration in the irrigation water. Increasing salinity in the irrigation water induced a reduction in stomatal conductance (gs) as LWP dropped below −0.62 MPa.
Effect of Salicylic Acid on the Gene Transcript and Protein Accumulation of Flavonoid Biosynthesis-related Enzymes in Vitis vinifera Cell Suspension Cultures
Authors: Wang Huiling , Wang Wei , Huang Weidong , Xu Haiying
Published: January 2018

Salicylic acid (SA) as a plant signal molecule plays an important regulatory role in stimulating the accumulation of plants’ defensive compounds. Numerous studies have shown its regulating effects on the biosynthesis of flavonoids. However, the controlling mechanism needs to be made clear further. Here, Vitis vinifera L. ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ cell suspension cultures were treated with SA and its synthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol (Pac) to investigate their effects on flavonoid biosynthesis. The accumulation of gene transcripts and proteins of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway enzymes, including chalcone synthase (VvCHS), chalcone isomerase (VvCHI), dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (VvDFR), and anthocyanidin synthase (VvANS), were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and western-blotting techniques. The results showed that treatment with exogenous SA at the proper concentration enhanced the production of flavonoids such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs) inside the suspension-cultured cells. The induction of anthocyanins and PAs was found to be time course-dependent. The mRNA and protein accumulation of VvCHS, VvCHI, VvDFR, and VvANS in the treatment system were enhanced too, and the changes were observed concomitantly. Treatment of Pac inhibited the induction of the accumulation of gene transcripts and proteins in accordance with the decreased accumulation of flavonoids. These results suggest that exogenous SA could induce both transcript and protein accumulation of flavonoid biosynthesis-related enzymes and in turn enhance the accumulation of flavonoid compounds such as anthocyanins and PAs in suspension-cultured grape cells.
THE HISTORY OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF IDEAS ABOUT PARTS OF SPEECH IN THE RUSSIAN LINGUISTIC SCIENCE
Authors: Samarin D. A.
Published: January 2018

The article features the phases of the development of ideas about parts of speech in the Russian linguistics. The aim of this research is to analyze and compare approaches to parts of speech made by various Russian linguists. In spite of the fact that the classification of words into parts of speech has a very long history, going back to ancient grammars, the interest in the matter has never expired, in the Russian language at various phases of its development as well. An analytical review of fundamental studies devoted to this aspect has demonstrated that the theory of parts of speech in the linguistic science has got a distinct dialectical character. In this connection the investigation of the origin and development of Russian parts of speech is especially relevant not only for Russian linguistics, but also for the theory of language in general. As this research reveals, both the number and the status of parts of speech has changed in the process of their segmentation in the Russian language. The overview of their evolution in grammatical conceptions of Russian scientists is important as it helps to define the place of this category in the morphological system of the grammar. The theoretical significance of the article is in the revelation of study methods applied to parts of speech and their interpretation. The results of the research conducted can be used in the preparation of lectures and seminars in general linguistics, history of linguistics, history of language and theoretical grammar.
GOOD WISHING IN RUSSIA AND CHINA: LINGUISTIC POINT OF VIEW
Authors: Tikhonova A. V. , Chibisova O. V.
Published: January 2018

The subject of this study is the forms of realization of the concept of “good wishing” in Russia and China, which occupies an important place in the spiritual culture of society, as it regulates the relationships between people within the accepted social statuses and roles. Good wishing serves a contact-fixing (societal or phatic) function and is therefore widely present in various spheres of human communication. The appropriateness of the research is defined by the expansion and strengthening of international relations, as well as by the dominance of well-favored forms of communication in the business environment. The aim of the research is to identify universal and differentiating signs of good wishing in Chinese and Russian linguistic societies on the basis of real usage, that is, the definition of cultural-universal and national-specific features of texts expressing good will. The methodology of the study includes a semantic and communicative analysis, which allows defining lexico-semantic, stylistic and grammatical features of good wishes in Russian and Chinese languages. The study material included on-line greeting cards with various Russian and Chinese wishes. Awareness of the ethnic representation specifics of good wishing will contribute to the improvement of mutual understanding in Russian-Chinese communication.
READER'S SKILL
Authors: Tyupa V. I.
Published: January 2018

The article deals with the issues of artistic perception culture of fictional texts. The sufficiency of literary reading is derived from the aesthetic specificity of verbal art: from special status of an author's figure, from the special nature of the artistic sense, from the special text organization as a combination of the reader's impression factors. According to M. Bakhtin, literature is interpreted as the art of “indirect speaking”, where the author “puts on silence” because in fictional text we never deal with the writer's speech, it is always mediated by the figure of the talking hero or the narrator. The artistic perception of fictional texts should be studied as a reader's skill. The culture of reading is the complementarity of two differently directed vectors: it is a deep and sincere empathy, as if it were reality; on the other hand – the reader's creativity in relation to the text artfullness, which conceals the meaning of the art work. The artistic sense is actualized by the reader's consciousness as complementary to the author's consciousness manifested in the text.
Investment feasibility analysis of rainwater harvesting in a building in Brazil
Authors: Ghisi E. , Thives L. P. , Paes R. F. W.
Published: January 2018

The objective of this study is to assess the investment feasibility analysis of rainwater harvesting in a building located in Brazil. Rainwater was used to supply toilets, cleaning and irrigation. The costs of materials, labour and maintenance were obtained to carry out the economic analysis; the indicators used were the net present value, internal rate of return and payback period. The investment feasibility analysis and the potential for potable water savings were obtained by means of computer simulation. The potential for potable water savings ranged from 26.70% to 64.70%. The net present value, internal rate of return and payback period for the best scenario were, respectively, R$132,801.47, 3.73% per month and 32 months. For the worst scenario the net present value was R$9,451.26, the internal rate of return was 0.91% per month and the payback period was 166 months. Thus, rainwater can be used as a sustainable alternative and be financially feasible.
Nagroda Ratzingera 2015
Authors: Mejzner Mirosław
Published: January 2018

sprawozdanie
Implications of Nanotechnology in Healthcare
Authors: Preeti  , Genwa Mahaveer , Kumar Pradeep
Published: January 2018

Introduction:

Nanotechnology is a science, engineering conducted at nanoscale level for
the manipulation of matter to create materials with significantly unusual, varied and new properties.
Attributes of these synthesized nanomaterials promise to provide a number of applications in
health including nanomedicine, nanorobots/nanobots, nanostars, nanofibers, chemotherapy and
many more. There has been a remarkable interest in identification of adverse health effects associated
with the use of nanotechnology too. The focus of this review is to highlight the current techniques
and development of new technologies advancing medical science and disease treatment in
human healthcare. Firstly, several Nano-pharmaceuticals and Nano-diagnostic methods offer numerous
potential ways for targeted drug delivery, gene therapy, cancer treatment and clinical diagnosis
to provide best rational use of the medicine and minimize the toxic effects. These techniques
can also help to design certain drugs in a controlled way to avoid their structural complexity by
dealing at the atomic and molecular level. Secondly, along with the discussion of potential applications
of nanotechnology, some of the examples will be given to elaborate the various scientific and
technical aspects in the real life.

Conclusion:

Finally, conclusion with the future scope and challenges of nanotechnology in health
will be described and discussed.
Feasibility of Smartphones for Real-time Assessment of Adherence Behavior and Symptom Exacerbation for High Risk Youth and Adolescents with Asthma: A Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Teufel II 2nd Ronald John , Patel Sachin K , Shuler Anita B , Andrews Anne L , Nichols Michelle , Ebeling Myla D , Dawley Erin , Mueller Martina , Ruggiero Kenneth J , Treiber Frank A
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND

Youth and adolescents with high-risk asthma have poor medication adherence, limited access to care, and are frequently seen in the acute care setting.

OBJECTIVE

Our purpose was to design and test the feasibility of using smartphone technology to assess contextual factors that may impact changes in daily adherence and identify new symptom episodes among high risk children with asthma in their home environment.

METHODS

Children 8-17 years with high risk asthma from two children’s hospitals were eligible for the 2-month study. An App was downloaded on participants’ phones at enrollment. Daily text reminders to complete ecological momentary assessment of asthma symptoms and other contextual factors such as emotional state through the App were sent. Bluetooth inhaler devices were used to measure inhaler use with the ability to review and manually enter data. Acceptability was assessed with surveys, key informant interviews (KII), and frequency of days with asthma data. KII data were used in an iterative design approach to identify challenges, strengths, and maximize use. Generalized linear mixed modelling was used to determine contextual factors associated with changes in daily adherence.

RESULTS

We enrolled 14 children (8-16 years; 93% of whom were African-American). Over the 2-month study period participants reported coughing (45%), wheezing (25%), chest tightness (17%), and boredom (49%). Controller medication adherence was 30% and increased significantly on days with asthma symptoms or boredom. Data were received on 89% of study days. Surveys and KIIs suggested acceptability. Challenges reported during the study included lost or damaged phones and available memory.

CONCLUSIONS

Patients and families reported acceptability in using smartphones for real-time asthma monitoring. Overall medication adherence was low but increased significantly on days with reported asthma symptoms or boredom, suggesting contextual factors may be associated with a change in adherence behavior.

CLINICALTRIAL

N/A
Is There a ‘Public Benefit’ in Improving Working Conditions for Independent Contractors? Collective Bargaining and the Trade Practices ACT 1974 (CTH)
Authors: McCrystal Shae
Published: January 2018

The legal distinction between work performed by an employee under a contract of service and work performed by an independent contractor under a contract for services is a central preoccupation in the field of labour law. This preoccupation has been traditionally focused on which workers fall within the common law definition of ‘employee’ (workers with a contract of service), which workers do not fall within the definition but should and what legal consequences follow from the inclusion of a worker within the labour law regulatory framework. Primarily the focus has been on ensuring that the labour law net encompasses those workers who are considered to be in need of the protections offered by labour law and debates over who those workers are. However, until recently, little attention has focused on the regulation of those workers who fall outside the definition of employee, where the worker's status as an independent contractor is uncontested.
David Hicks and Australian Proceeds of Crime Legislation: Can He Sell his Story?
Authors: Bastin Lucas
Published: January 2018

The detention of David Hicks by the United States in Guantánamo Bay detention camp was an event which attracted significant attention in the Australian community. By the time Mr Hicks’ detention in that facility ended in early 2007, newspapers and other media were reporting it daily, the voice of dissatisfaction among human rights organisations and the broader community was becoming insistent, and politicians were beginning to act. And the lawyers, of course, were far from silent.

Since Mr Hicks pleaded guilty to the charge of ‘providing material support for terrorism', was repatriated from Guantánamo Bay to Yatala prison in Adelaide, and served out that portion of his sentence which was not suspended, the public debate surrounding his detention and treatment has died down. Some legal issues which the affair threw up, however, remain unresolved. One such issue is whether or not Mr Hicks can publicise his story for profit. Determining this issue requires analysis of Australian proceeds of crime legislation, and consideration of the circumstances in which it would prevent Mr Hicks profiting from publication of his story. It is this task which this paper takes up.
Australian Family Law Court Decisions about Relocation: Parents’ Experiences and Some Implications for Law and Policy
Authors: Behrens Juliet , Smyth Bruce
Published: January 2018

In Australia, decisions about the post-separation relocation of a parent (usually a mother) with children where the other parent (usually a father) has opposed this are increasingly controversial, and have attracted both media and academic attention, including in the pages of this journal. Unlike in the United Kingdom where restrictions even on international relocations appear from analyses of the reported case law to be relatively rare, decisions in Australia restraining relocations are quite common. There has, as yet, been no Australian legislative reform specifically addressing decision-making on the issue of relocation. The decisions are made under the general provisions dealing with post-separation parenting (Part VII of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth), hereinafter referred to as the ‘FLA‘).
Manufacturing and Avoiding Constitution Section 109 Inconsistency: Law and Practice
Authors: Rumble Gary A
Published: January 2018

The rule of law is fundamental to our society. Certainty about what the law is, is important to the rule of law.

Those whose activities may be affected both by Commonwealth laws and by State laws need certainty about whether the Commonwealth law overrides, or is subject to, State law. Those who administer Commonwealth law or State law need certainty about the relationship between the two. To participate in law-making on an informed basis, law-makers need certainty about what will be the legal effect of legislation which they enact.
ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR REBONDED BRACKET CLEANING USING INORGANIC SOLVENT
Authors: Maringka Gina , Irawan Bambang , Herda Ellyza , Masud Zainal Alim
Published: January 2018

Objective: The aim of this study was to prove that organic solvents areas effective and efficient as sandblasting and burning for cleaning rebonded brackets.Methods: Thirty stainless steel metal brackets mounted on 30 maxillary first premolar teeth were categorized into three cleaning method groups, each consisting of 10 brackets. After 24 h, shear bond strength (SBS) tests were performed using a universal testing machine.Results: The one-way ANOVA test showed a significant difference (p=0.000) among the mean SBS values in the three cleaning method groups. However, the modified adhesive remnant index by a Kruskal–Wallis analysis showed no significant difference (p=0.860). The scanning electron microscopy results revealed that the organic solvent cleaning method showed better bracket performance than the other two methods. Moreover, the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results showed that the adhesive material remaining on the bracket base was relatively similar among the three cleaning methods.Conclusion: Based on practicality and the results of this study, the organic solvent cleaning method was proven to be effective and efficient. Therefore, organic solvents can be recommended as an alternative cleaning method for detached brackets.
CORRELATION OF SERUM OSTEOCALCIN LEVEL AND PERIODONTAL ATTACHMENT LOSS WITH OSTEOPOROSIS RISK STATUS IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN
Authors: Hutomo Dimas Ilham , C Masulili Sri Lelyati , Tadjoedin Fatimah Maria , Kusdhany Lindawati S
Published: January 2018

Objective: To assess the relationship between serum osteocalcin and periodontal clinical attachment loss (CAL) in postmenopausal women in relation to their osteoporosis risk status.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 71 postmenopausal women in Kenari District, Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The periodontal examination for all the subjects included a CAL measurement. The serum osteocalcin level was analyzed using ELISA.Results: The correlation between the serum osteocalcin level in patients with CAL and the risk of osteoporosis was analyzed with the Spearman test. The normal group had 29 subjects (40.84%), the osteopenic group had 23 subjects (32.39%), and the osteoporotic group had 19 subjects (26.76%). There was a significant correlation between CAL and the osteoporosis high-risk status (p<0.05) and no significant correlation between the serum osteocalcin level and the osteoporosis status (p>0.05).Conclusion: No correlation was found between CAL and the serum osteocalcin level (p>0.05).
ERADICATION EFFECT OF JAVANESE TURMERIC (CURCUMA XANTHORRHIZA. ROXB.) EXTRACT ON THE EARLY PHASE OF CANDIDA ALBICANS BIOFILM
Authors: Puspitawati Ria , Lewiyonah Rista , Herdiantoputri Ranny Rahaningrum , Gultom Ferry P , Suniarti Dewi F.
Published: January 2018

Objectives: To analyze the effect of Javanese turmeric extract on eradicating the initial phase of C. albicans biofilm formation.Methods: A 100 µl of C. albicans suspension 10−4 was cultured on a 96 - well plate, incubated for 1.5 and 3 h at 37° C and then aspirated and washed by phosphate buffer saline before exposure to 100 µl of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% 25%, 30%, and 35% Javanese turmeric extract for 24 h. The positive control was 100 µl of nystatin 100,000 IU.Results: The eradication effect of 35% Javanese turmeric extract at the two stages of initial phase biofilm was comparable with those of nystatin. The viability of C. albicans exposed to the extract at an advanced stage of the early phase of biofilm formation tended to be higher than that at the early stage, but the difference was not significant.Conclusion: The in vitro antifungal effect of Javanese turmeric extract against C. albicans could be effective in eradicating yeast in the early phase of biofilm formation.
TOXICITY ANALYSIS OF CRAB SHELL CHITOSAN ARGINYLGLYCYLASPARTIC ACID SCAFFOLD MEMBRANE AND ITS EFFECT ON HUMAN DENTAL PULP CELL VIABILITY
Authors: Dewi Tri Kurnia , Shabrina Mauldina , Fatmasuniarti Dewi , Amir Lisa , Idrus Erik
Published: January 2018

Objective: Crab shell chitosan is a biomaterial used for scaffolding. In Indonesia, Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional has made a crab shell chitosan arginylglycylaspartic acid (RGD) scaffold membrane. The purpose of adding RGD was to enhance cell attachment to the scaffold. The objective of this research is to analyze the toxicity of crab shell chitosan RGD scaffold membrane on human dental pulp cells and its effect on their viabilityMethods: Human dental pulp cells were cultured for 5 days in Minimum Essential Medium Alpha (α-MEM) complete containing amphotericin B, penicillin, streptomycin, and fetal bovine serum. Then, the treatment group was exposed to crab shell chitosan RGD scaffold membrane and crab shell chitosan scaffold membrane incubated for 24 h. The toxicity of the crab shell chitosan RGD scaffold membrane was analyzed with a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.Result: The result of this research is that crab shell chitosan RGD scaffold membrane did not decrease the percentage of viability of human dental pulp cells.Conclusion: It is concluded that crab shell chitosan RGD scaffold membrane does not have toxic effects on human dental pulp cells.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PATIENT’S SATISFACTION OF REMOVABLE DENTURE WEARERS AND ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE
Authors: Mayun I Gusti Ayu Ratih Utari , Indrasari Muslita , Kusdhany Lindawati S
Published: January 2018

Objective: Patient’s satisfaction with prosthodontic treatment is affected by many factors. Success of removable denture treatment can be measured using an index to evaluate patients’ perceptions of their treatment and their oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). To analyze the relationship between patient satisfaction using Turker’s patient’s perceptions questionnaire and the OHRQoL of removable denture wearers.Methods: One-hundred and forty removable denture wearers (complete dentures, single complete dentures, and removable partial dentures) participated in this cross-sectional study. Participants were interviewed using a validated Turker’s patient’s perceptions questionnaire in Indonesia and an OHRQoL questionnaire.Results: There was a significant relationship between patient’s satisfaction and OHRQoL (p=0.000). Multivariate analysis showed that the duration of using removable dentures had a significant effect on patient’s satisfaction using Turker’s patient’s perceptions questionnaire. The experience of using removable dentures showed a significant effect on OHRQoL.Conclusion: There was a relationship between patient’s satisfaction and their OHRQoL. The duration of using removable dentures affected patient’s satisfaction and the experience of using removable dentures affected OHRQoL.
SALIVARY PROFILE AND XEROSTOMIA ON THE ELDERLY IN DEPOK, WEST JAVA, INDONESIA: ANALYSIS OF DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS AND SYSTEMIC DISEASE
Authors: N Lutfi Laili , Rahmayanti Febrina , Sarsito Afi Savitri
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the profiles of saliva between sexes, age groups, types of systemic disease, medications, and xerostomia on an elderly population in Depok.Methods: The study was observational analytical with a cross-sectional study design. Sampling was through a consecutive sampling technique in subjects aged ≥60 years living in Depok. Subjects were examined for their saliva’s volume, stimulated and unstimulated salivary analysis, pH, and buffer capacity. Subjects answered fox questionnaires about xerostomia and questionnaires about systemic diseases and medications.Results: Gender had a significant difference in salivary flow rate but was not significant to pH or buffer capacity. There were no significant differences between types of salivary profile among age, systemic diseases, and medications. The correlation coefficient between xerostomia and stimulated flow rate was higher (0.426) than the unstimulated flow rate (0.303).Conclusion: The unstimulated and stimulated flow rates exhibited a significant difference between men and women but did not differ significantly between age groups, systemic diseases, or medications. The pH and buffer capacity was not significantly different between sexes, age groups, type of systemic diseases, or medications. Xerostomia was associated with salivary flow rate.
THE EFFECT OF THE POP-UP BOOK AKU DAN GIGIKU ON BLOOD PRESSURE IN CHILDREN AGED 4–6 YEARS
Authors: Adriani Kusuma P , Suharsini Margaretha , Fauziah2 Eva , Citrawuni Meutia D
Published: January 2018

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the pop-up book Aku dan gigiku as an intervention strategy in reducing anxiety in young children before dentaltreatment.Methods: 78 children aged 4–6 years were randomly divided into two groups: An intervention group with the pop-up book intervention and a control group without the pop-up book intervention. They were placed in a waiting room, and their blood pressure was measured. The experimental design of this clinical research was statistically analyzed using independent t-tests to compare decreased blood pressure between the intervention and control groups.Results: The result of the study revealed that there was a statistically significant difference in decreased blood pressure with the intervention of the pop-up book Aku dan gigiku. As dental anxiety leads to undesirable distresses, it generates physiological changes such as blood pressure. Interventions should thus be undertaken to reduce dentalanxiety, and the pop-up book is an example of an intervention medium as it educates children and presents interesting illustrations.Conclusion: The pop-up book Aku dan gigiku thus appears to be an effective method in reducing anxiety in children aged 4–6 years when used as an intervention strategy before dental treatment.
THE ACTIVITY OF DOSAGE INJECTION IN GENTAMICIN SULPHATE IN LIQUID INFUSION NaCl AND DEKSTROSA-NaCl ON BACTERIA Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 AND Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 2357
Authors: S. Kurniawansyah I. , . Sulistyaningsih , N. Ramadhani
Published: January 2018

Objective: The aim of the present study was to know the activity of injection preparation of gentamicin sulfate in varied intravenous fluids (NaCl and Dextrose-NaCl) as well as variation of time of use against bacteria Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae.Methods: The research was a laboratory experiment with the following stages: 1.) mixing the sample performed in LAF, 2.) antibacterial activity test with time variation against Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, and 3.) analysis with ANOVA was needed to see if the infusion variation and time variation had a significant effect on gentamicin sulfate activity in killing Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria.Results: The mixing of gentamicin sulphate in both intravenous fluids for 2 h has a diameter of more than 20 mm inhibition. Gentamicin sulfate has decreased activity when mixed with intravenous fluids, both NaCl 0.9% and Dextrose 5%-NaCl 0.225%. In both samples, there was a decrease in the inhibitory zone diameter of each mixing time increase. The first minute of mixing time gave the best effect, and the infusion variation had a significant effect only on gentamicin sulphate activity against Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Intravenous fluids Dextrose-NaCl gave a better effect than infusion of NaCl.Conclusion: NaCl Infusion and Dextrose-NaCl had no effect on the activity of injection preparation of gentamicin sulfate against Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria, but had an effect on Bacillus subtilis. The time of mixed use of gentamicin sulfate injection with NaCl and Dextrose-NaCl infusion fluid gave effect to its activity on Bacillus subtilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterias, where the longer mixing time gentamicin sulphate activity decreased.
OPTIMIZED DELIVERY OF DICLOFENAC SODIUM FORMULATED IN A SUSTAINED RELEASE RAPHIA AFRICANA HYDROCOLLOID MATRIX
Authors: Adedokun Musiliu , Nkanta Clement
Published: January 2018

Objective: The aim of this research work was to comparatively study various proportions of a natural hydrocolloid-Raphia africana, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as release sustaining agents in diclofenac sodium tablet formulation.Methods: The purified hydrocolloid (R. africana) was characterized by evaluating its organoleptic, physicochemical and flow properties. Diclofenac-polymer ratios of 1:0, 1:0.2, 1:0.4, 1:0.6, and 1:0.8 were employed to produce different granule batches using wet granulation method (that is, the drug was formulated with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % w/w of either R. africana hydrocolloid or PVP, and coded DWB-00, DRA-05, DRA-10, DRA-15, DRA-20, DPP-05, DPP-10, DPP-15 and DPP-20, respectively). Flow properties of granules were studied by determining bulk density, tapped density, Carr’s index, and Hausner’s ratio for all the formulations. Compressed tablets were evaluated using various parameters as weight variation, friability, hardness, tablet thickness and diameter, content uniformity and in vitro dissolution evaluated in phosphate buffer (pH 7.3).Results: Flowability, mechanical and release parameters determined were within pharmacopoeial limits. Generally, the values of bulk and tapped densities increase as binder concentrations increase for both PVP and R. africana hydrocolloid. The values were significantly different across the batches (p<0.05). Hardness values obtained varied significantly (p<0.05) and were between 5 and 12 KgF which imply that most of the tablet batches are harder than normal depending on the proportion of the polymer used. All the batches exhibited friability within the standard limit without significant difference in values (p>0.05), indicating that tablet formulated with the experimental binders would not undergo surface abrasion. All the formulations exhibited zero order kinetics except batches DPP-10 and DPP-15 which showed Higuchi mechanism. Formulation batches DRA-05 and DRA-10 showed maximum drug release of 98% and 95% respectively after 6 h. A prolonged drug release was observed on increasing polymer ratio. Significantly higher release rates (p<0.05) were observed in the tablets formulated with PVP than those containing R. africana gum. All the batches followed non-fickian diffusion release mechanism.Conclusion: From the study, purified R. africana hydrocolloid generally appeared to perform better than PVP as sustained release agent.
PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLY (VINYL ALCOHOL)–POLY (VINYL PYRROLIDONE) MUCOADHESIVE BUCCAL PATCHES FOR DELIVERY OF LIDOCAINE HCL
Authors: Jaipakdee Napaphak , Pongjanyakul Thaned , Limpongsa Ekapol
Published: January 2018

Objective: The objectives of this study were to prepare and characterize a buccal mucoadhesive patch using poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) as a mucoadhesive matrix, Eudragit S100 as a backing layer, and lidocaine HCl as a model drug.Methods: Lidocaine HCl buccal patches were prepared using double casting technique. Molecular interactions in the polymer matrices were studied using attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry. Mechanical and mucoadhesive properties were measured using texture analyzer. In vitro permeation of lidocaine HCl from the patch was conducted using Franz diffusion cell.Results: Both of the free and lidocaine HCl patches were smooth and transparent, with good flexibility and strength. ATR-FTIR, DSC and X-ray diffractometry studies confirmed the interaction of PVA and PVP. Mechanical properties of matrices containing 60% PVP were significantly lower than those containing 20% PVP (*P<0.05). Mucoadhesive properties had a tendency to decrease with the concentration of PVP in the patch. The patch containing 60% PVP had significantly lower muco-adhesiveness than those containing 20% PVP (*P<0.05). In vitro permeation revealed that the pattern of lidocaine HCl permeation started with an initial fast permeation, followed by a slower permeation rate. The initial permeation fluxes follow the zero-order model of which rate was not affected by the PVP concentrations in the PVA/PVP matrix.Conclusion: Mucoadhesive buccal patches fabricated with PVA/PVP were successfully prepared. Incorporation of PVP in PVA/PVP matrix affected the strength of polymeric matrix and mucoadhesive property of patches.
Elastic Waves in a Homogeneous/ an Inhomogeneous Fibre-Reinforced Elastic Half-Spaces
Authors:   Department of Education, Assam University, Silchar–788011, Assam, India, Zorammuana C. , Singh S. S. ,   Department of Mathematics & Computer Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl–796004, Mizoram, India
Published: January 2018

The problem of reflection and refraction of elastic waves due to incident quasi P and quasi SV-waves at a plane interface between the homogeneous and inhomogeneous fibre-reinforced elastic half-spaces has been investigated. The reflection and refraction coefficients and energy ratios of the reflected and refracted quasi P and quasi SV-waves are obtained. These coefficients and ratios are computed numerically for a particular model and the results are shown graphically. Keywords: Fibre-reinforced Elastic Half-space, qP and qSV-waves, Reflection and Refraction Coefficients, Energy Ratio 2010 Mathematics subject classification 2010: 74B15; 74J05; 78A40
Analisa Dan Optimasi Recovery Perolehan Cadangan Gas Dengan Melihat Parameter Design Sumur Pada Struktur Musi Barat Di Lapangan Riyadh
Authors: Melysa Rycha , Khalid Idham
Published: January 2018

Lapangan Riyadh merupakan lapangan yang memiliki potensi cadangan gas. Berdasarkan hasil perkiraan cadangan secara volumetric lapangan Riyadh memiliki cadangan sebesar 686.334 Bcf. Lapangan Riyadh ini memiliki 28 sumur yaitu hanya 20 sumur yang berproduksi hingga tahun 2016. Perolehan gas pada lapangan Riyadh hingga akhir tahun 2016 yaitu sebesar 505.336 Bcf. Maka perlu dilakukan perkiraan cadangan berdasarkan material balance dan melakukan optimasi recovery perolehan gas sesuai dengan design sumur di lapangan riyadh. Pada lapangan Riyadh ini dilakukan analisa forecast tekanan terhadap kumulatif produksi gas untuk mengetahui tekanan pada kumulatif produksi gas terhadap waktu. Selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan perkiraan cadangan dengan metode plot P/z vs Gp dan dilakukan identifikasi driving mechanism. Dari hasil perkiraan cadangan dapat dihitung perkiraan recovery factor current dan recovery factor predict . tahap optimasi recovery perolehan gas dilakukan dengan prosper dan mbal software.

Hasil perkiraan cadangan gas dengan material balance plot P/z vs Gp sebesar 702.895 Bcf. Analisa plot P/z vs Gp dapat diketahui bahwa reservoir pada lapangan Riyadh dipengaruhi aquifer influx sehingga dapat di indikasi dari hasil metode cole plot, driving mechanism lapangan Riyadh ini adalah strong water drive .kemudian dari hasil perhitungan cadangan plot P/z vs Gp untuk RF current sebesar 72 % dengan RF prediksi 82 % berdasarkan manual. Setelah dilakukan simulasi Mbal recovery perolehan gas pada lapangan Riyadh dapat di optimasi sampai 85 % berdasarkan parameter design sumur yaitu tubing 3 inch.