bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Validation and Application of Lipofuscin‐Based Age Determination for Chesapeake Bay Blue Crabs Callinectes sapidus
Authors: Puckett Brandon J. , Secor David H. , Ju Se‐Jong
Published: November 2008

Quantifying lipofuscin (LF), a metabolic byproduct that accumulates in postmitotic cells, serves as one of the principal approaches for aging crustaceans, but the accuracy of this method remains an important issue. Here, we quantified LF accumulation as a function of chronological age and temperature (degree‐days) in an economically important crustacean, the blue crab Callinectes sapidus, to test the accuracy of LF‐based age estimates and determine the age‐specific partial recruitment of juveniles to summer and fall commercial fisheries. Three known‐age juvenile cohorts (63‐83 d) were reared in ponds up to 1.8 years of age. Field collections were conducted in two subestuaries of Chesapeake Bay from June to October during 2003 and 2004. Lipofuscin accumulation oscillated seasonally in known‐age cohorts. Significant (loge transformed) LF accumulation occurred at average intervals of 2.5 months, with the exception of winter months (mean temperature = 8°C). Seasonalized von Bertalanffy functions accurately depicted age‐specific LF accumulation but were cohort specific. The relationship between LF and temperature degree‐day (TD day) was similar among cohorts and genders, and a single LF‐TD day model was applied to field‐collected crabs. The mean age prediction error of this model was 2.0 months. Lipofuscin‐based age composition of field collections indicated that the peeler‐soft crab and hard crab fisheries were predominately composed of recruits less than age 1.5 from August to October. The consequences of this short (approximately annual) generation time is that recruitment and landings will be responsive to environmental factors affecting growth and the annual variations in egg production, settlement, and postsettlement survival.
Clinical Patterns and Biological Correlates of Cognitive Dysfunction Associated with Cancer Therapy
Authors: Dietrich Jörg , Monje Michelle , Wefel Jeffrey , Meyers Christina
Published: November 2008

Learning Objectives

After completing this course, the reader should be able to: Assess the common symptoms of central nervous system toxicity seen in patients treated with chemotherapy and cranial radiation.Diagnose the patterns of cognitive dysfunction encountered in patients treated for cancer.Evaluate cranial imaging abnormalities consistent with nervous system toxicity from cancer therapy.Explain the novel concepts of the cell-biological consequences underlying chemotherapy- and radiation therapy–associated nervous system toxicity.

CME This article is available for continuing medical education credit at CME.TheOncologist.com

Standard oncological therapies, such as chemotherapy and cranial radiotherapy, frequently result in a spectrum of neurocognitive deficits that includes impaired learning, memory, attention, and speed of information processing. In addition to classical mechanisms of neurotoxicity associated with chemo- and radiotherapy, such as radiation necrosis and leukoencephalopathy, damage to dynamic progenitor cell populations in the brain is emerging as an important etiologic factor. Radiation- and chemotherapy-induced damage to progenitor populations responsible for maintenance of white matter integrity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis is now believed to play a major role in the neurocognitive impairment many cancer survivors experience.
Explanations for Persistent Nursing Shortages
Authors: Long Mark C , Goldfarb Marsha G. , Goldfarb Robert S
Published: November 2008

This paper contributes to the economics literature on nursing market shortages by putting forward two new models that suggest three new explanations for perceived nursing shortages. The first model focuses on hospitals hiring both permanent staff nurses and temporary contract nurses. It shows that hiring both classes of nurses can represent optimizing behavior, and that an interesting kind of perceived nursing shortage results from this dual hiring. The second model posits two classes of hospitals, ``premier" and ``funds-constrained," and generates two distinct kinds of nursing shortages: economic shortages, involving unfilled, budgeted positions, and ``noneconomic" professional standards shortages. We believe that the perceived existence of professional standards shortages may be a significant explanation for the widespread impression of persistent shortages.
State Health Insurance Regulations and the Price of High-Deductible Policies
Authors: Kowalski Amanda E. , Congdon William J. , Showalter Mark H.
Published: November 2008

This study examines the impact of state health insurance regulations on the price of high-deductible family and individual polices in the nongroup market. We use a unique and rich data set on actual insurance policies sold through a large Internet health insurance distributor to examine the impact of various regulations on policy prices, controlling for policy characteristics, demographic characteristics of the purchasers, and state-level demographics. We also use data from a single major insurance firm that provided offer prices for a family policy from a set of randomly selected zip codes. Both datasets suggest a strong statistical relationship between regulation and insurance prices.
Utility of Fetal Karyotype in the Evaluation of Phenotypically Abnormal Stillbirths
Authors: Pinar Halit , Carpenter Marshall , Martin Benjamin J. , Tantravahi Umadevi
Published: November 2008

The objectives of this study are to test the hypothesis that stillbirths without aneuploidy-associated phenotypes have a low incidence of karyotypic abnormalities, similar among those with and without other anatomic defects. We employed a uniform postmortem protocol to examine fetuses and placentas in 962 consecutive stillbirths measuring ≥20 weeks in clinically determined gestational age submitted to the Women and Infants Hospital Division of Perinatal Pathology from 1990 through 2005. Classification of anatomic (macroscopic) abnormalities was based on a priori criteria. Anatomic fetal abnormalities were noted in 387 cases. Conventional karyotype analysis was successfully performed on 346 fetal tissue samples, 114 in anatomically normal and 232 in anatomically abnormal fetuses. The distribution of karyotypic abnormalities among cases with and without anatomic abnormalities was compared. Of the 962 stillbirths, 40% (387) had malformations. Tissue culture for karyotype analysis was attempted in 412 cases from both groups and failed in 66 cases (16%). At the 450 to 500-band resolution level, 60 of the remaining 346 karyotypes were abnormal. Of the 232 malformation cases with successful karyotyping, 59 had phenotypic attributes indicative of aneuploidy, all of which had later karyotype confirmation. Of the remaining 173 anomalous fetuses with karyotype analysis, only 1 demonstrated a karyotypic abnormality. All 114 karyotypes performed in stillbirths without anatomic abnormalities were normal. Among ≥20-week stillbirths, aneuploid karyotypes are uncommon except in fetuses with suspect phenotypes. The 95% probability estimates of karyotype abnormality in the phenotypically abnormal and normal stillbirths, 5.5% and 5.6%, respectively, do not differ. These data do not have sufficient power to detect a small difference in rates of karyotypic abnormalities between the 2 groups of ≥20-week stillbirths. However, this series indicates that this technology is uninformative among stillborn fetuses that lack aneuploidy phenotypes.
Ultrasonic wave propagation in rare-earth monochalcogenides
Authors: Singh Devraj , Pandey Dharmendra , Yadawa Pramod
Published: November 2008

The ultrasonic attenuation in thulium monochalcogenides TmX (X=S, Se and Te) has been studied theoretically with a modified Mason’s approach in the temperature and range 100 K to 300 K along 〈100〉, 〈110〉 〈111〉 crystallographic directions. The thulium monochalcogenides have attracted a lot of interest due to their complex physical and chemical characteristics. TmS, TmSe and TmTe are trivalent metal, mixed valence state, and divalent semiconductor, respectively. Coulomb and Born-Mayer potential is applied to evaluate the second- and third-order elastic constants. These elastic constants are used to compute ultrasonic parameters such as ultrasonic velocities, thermal relaxation time, and acoustic coupling constants that, in turn, are used to evaluate ultrasonic attenuation. A comparison of calculated ultrasonic parameters with available theoretical/experimental physical parameters gives information about classification of these materials.
Qualitative analysis of the phase flow of an integrable approximation of a generalized roto-translatory problem
Authors: Balsas María , Jiménez Elena , Vera Juan , Vigueras Antonio
Published: November 2008

In this paper, we consider an integrable approximation of the planar motion of a gyrostat in Newtonian interaction with a spherical rigid body. We then describe the Hamiltonian dynamics, in the fibers of constant total angular momentum vector of an invariant manifold of motion. Finally, using the Liouville-Arnold theorem and a particular analysis of the momentum map in its critical points, we obtain a complete topological classification of the different invariant sets of the phase flow of this problem. The results can be applied to study two-body roto-translatory problems where the rotation of one of them has a strong influence on the orbital motion of the system.
Functional model of river-sea ships operating in European system of transport corridors: Part I. Methods used to elaborate functional models of river-sea ships operating in European system of transport corridors
Authors: Kaup Magdalena
Published: November 2008

Functional model of river-sea ships operating in European system of transport corridors: Part I. Methods used to elaborate functional models of river-sea ships operating in European system of transport corridors

This paper presents a functional model of river-sea ships (shortly called: SRM) operating in European system of transport corridors. It is composed of two parts: Part I contains a descriptive model of functioning the SRM fleet with taking into account various shipping tasks as well as impact factors (external and internal factors, limitations and criteria). Also, a mathematical model of functioning the SRM fleet, including choice of relevant economic criteria (e.g. profit maximization, capital return period minimization etc), is presented. Results achieved on the basis of the functional model are presented in Part II of the paper.
On the behaviour of viscoelastic solids under multiaxial loads
Authors: Kolenda Janusz
Published: November 2008

On the behaviour of viscoelastic solids under multiaxial loads

On the basis of modified Hooke's law for multiaxial stress in viscoelastic solids, threedimensional constitutive equations for strains have been derived. It is shown that after application or removal of triaxial static load, normal and shear strain components vary in course of time proportionally to each other and that in-phase stress components produce in-phase strain components. Harmonic out-of-phase stress as well as multiaxial periodic and stationary random stresses are also considered. The matrix of dynamical flexibility of viscoelastic materials is determined which depends on three material constants (Young modulus, Poisson's ratio and coefficient of viscous damping of normal strain) and load circular frequency.
The application of magnetic fluids in sealing nodes designed for operation in difficult conditions and in machines used in sea environment
Authors: Matuszewski Leszek , Szydło Zbigniew
Published: November 2008

The application of magnetic fluids in sealing nodes designed for operation in difficult conditions and in machines used in sea environment

Presented in article MF seals are being researched for sea technology purposes due to their excellent tightness and low resistance of motion. These features are most valuable for ring propellers and ship's main propeller shaft. There are more reasons why technologists payf significant attention for various MF seals applications in their difficult operating conditions. For instance, an advanced pumping systems are designed with contactless (screw or centrifugal) fluid seal used as the first stage seal and then the MF seal as the main seal. Further parts of the article contain discuss of the properties of magnetic fluids in the construction of MF seals. Sample of the few systems of magnetic fluid seals are presented, which have been researched lately in our laboratory including sea conditions. The magnetic fluids used in our seals are colloidal suspensions of magnetic nanoparticles. Undertaken earlier various systems selection for sea-water purposes forced us to focus on double sealing systems, in which the MF seal is used as the second seal following a conventional system especially adapted to co-operation with MF systems. This solution successfully limits direct contact of the sealed liquid with the magnetic fluid, and the entire sealing construction secures absolute tightness of the system. Using this solution we also can reduce costs by elements high accuracy avoidance. Research and design activities are carried out in the AGH Laboratory of Seals and Magnetic Fluid Applications together with Deep Water Department of Technical University of Gdansk over the use of magnetic fluid seals in sea water environment. These activities are oriented on working out MF seals able to work effectively in machines in which low-pressure water flow takes place. The objects of experimental investigations are seals having two different nominal diameters: 50 mm and 220 mm and two research rigs of different construction had to be built up. Works are scheduled to be continued.
Removal of oxidable contaminations contained in submarine atmosphere
Authors: Kłos Ryszard
Published: November 2008

Removal of oxidable contaminations contained in submarine atmosphere

To remove flammable contaminations from submarine atmosphere, devices for their oxidation and chemical absorption of products resulting from the chemical reaction, can be applied. In this paper a catalytic system designed for hydrogen and carbon monoxide oxidation and its tests are presented.
Algorithm for searching out similar ships within expert system of computer aided preliminary design of ship power plant
Authors: Meler-Kapcia Maria
Published: November 2008

Algorithm for searching out similar ships within expert system of computer aided preliminary design of ship power plant

This paper presents an algorithm for searching out similar ships, implemented in a hybrid system for aiding preliminary design of ship power plant, based on new similarity functions as well as those adapted from literature sources. For searching out similar ships a multicriterial optimization method of weighed profits was applied.
Warsaw Wild Captive Pisula Stryjek rats (WWCPS) - Establishing a breeding colony of Norway Rat in captivity
Authors: Stryjek Rafał , Pisula Wojciech
Published: November 2008

Warsaw Wild Captive Pisula Stryjek rats (WWCPS) - Establishing a breeding colony of Norway Rat in captivity

It is believed that the history of laboratory rat dates back to 1820-ies, which is about 300 generations. This relatively short evolutionary distance, drastically different environment and selective breeding could have caused differences in behaviour between the laboratory rat and his wild counterpart - Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus). The vast majority of research concerning differences between wild and laboratory rats was conducted over 30 years ago. The knowledge acquired as a result of that research seems far from being complete. Over a quarter of a century could have deepened the described differences. Nowadays the change in experimental approach, in favour of low stress conditions, can give a new insight into this problem. This article describes process of establishing a laboratory line of wild Norway rat, which will take part in a broad series of comparative studies. 16 wild rats were trapped in 5 distant parts of Warsaw. Most of wild rats successfully adapted to captive conditions, mating successfully and producing litters, which have survived to adolescence.
Effective Programs in Elementary Mathematics: A Best-Evidence Synthesis
Authors: Slavin Robert E. , Lake Cynthia
Published: November 2008

This article reviews research on the achievement outcomes of three types of approaches to improving elementary mathematics: mathematics curricula, computer-assisted instruction (CAI), and instructional process programs. Study inclusion requirements included use of a randomized or matched control group, a study duration of at least 12 weeks, and achievement measures not inherent to the experimental treatment. Eighty-seven studies met these criteria, of which 36 used random assignment to treatments. There was limited evidence supporting differential effects of various mathematics textbooks. Effects of CAI were moderate. The strongest positive effects were found for instructional process approaches such as forms of cooperative learning, classroom management and motivation programs, and supplemental tutoring programs. The review concludes that programs designed to change daily teaching practices appear to have more promise than those that deal primarily with curriculum or technology alone.
The Teacher’s Role in Classroom Discourse: A Review of Recent Research Into Mathematics Classrooms
Authors: Walshaw Margaret , Anthony Glenda
Published: November 2008

Current curriculum initiatives in mathematics call for the development of classroom communities that take communication about mathematics as a central focus. In these proposals, mathematical discourse involving explanation, argumentation, and defense of mathematical ideas becomes a defining feature of a quality classroom experience. In this article, the authors provide a comprehensive and critical review of what it is that mathematics teachers actually do to deal with classroom discourse. Synthesizing the literature around a number of key themes, the authors critically assess the kinds of human infrastructure that promote mathematical discourse in the classroom and that allow students to achieve desirable outcomes. From the findings, they conclude with implications for teachers.
Evaluation Roots Reconsidered: Asa Hilliard, a Fallen Hero in the “Nobody Knows My Name” Project, and African Educational Excellence
Authors: Hood Stafford , Hopson Rodney K.
Published: November 2008

Asa Hilliard has left his mark, and his name belongs in the pantheon of esteemed African American scholars, educational researchers, teachers, and activists. Although his work has served as a clarion call for an Afrocentric orientation in psychology and education to address the needs of African American students, his contributions to the field’s thinking about educational evaluation date back 30 years and have seldom if ever been noted. For nearly three quarters of a century, issues of fairness and equity have guided and driven the work of African American scholars in educational evaluation. These issues remain uppermost in their minds today as they investigate society’s woefully inadequate schools for children from racial minority and/or poor backgrounds. It is within this space that this discourse links the legacy of African American educational researchers and evaluators during the pre- Brown era to Hilliard’s later contributions to the field’s thinking about educational evaluation.
Teacher Attrition and Retention: A Meta-Analytic and Narrative Review of the Research
Authors: Borman Geoffrey D. , Dowling N. Maritza
Published: November 2008

This comprehensive meta-analysis on teacher career trajectories, consisting of 34 studies of 63 attrition moderators, seeks to understand why teaching attrition occurs, or what factors moderate attrition outcomes. Personal characteristics of teachers are important predictors of turnover. Attributes of teachers’ schools, including organizational characteristics, student body composition, and resources (instructional spending and teacher salaries), are also key moderators. The evidence suggests that attrition from teaching is (a) not necessarily “healthy” turnover, (b) influenced by various personal and professional factors that change across teachers’ career paths, (c) more strongly moderated by characteristics of teachers’ work conditions than previously noted in the literature, and (d) a problem that can be addressed through policies and initiatives. Though researchers have utilized a number of national and state databases and have applied economic labor theory to questions related to teacher attrition, the authors argue that better longitudinal data on teacher career paths and more nuanced theories are needed.
Is Test-Driven External Accountability Effective? Synthesizing the Evidence From Cross-State Causal-Comparative and Correlational Studies
Authors: Lee Jaekyung
Published: November 2008

In the midst of keen controversies on the impact of high-stakes testing and test-driven external accountability policy, the more balanced and careful selection, interpretation, and use of scientific research evidence are crucial. This article offers a critical synthesis of cross-state causal-comparative and correlational studies that explored the effects of test-driven external accountability policies on reading and math achievement. A meta-analysis of 76 effect-size estimates from 14 selected studies showed a modestly positive effect on average but no significant effect on the racial achievement gap. Nevertheless, this review calls for further evidence on the policy-outcome linkage, revealing limitations, uncertainties, and inconsistencies in many findings. The author explores variations among the studies in terms of independent and dependent variables, analytical samples and methods, and the reporting of statistical and practical significance. Implications for accountability policy and research under the No Child Left Behind Act are discussed.
Marginal Maximum Likelihood Estimation of a Latent Variable Model With Interaction
Authors: Cudeck Robert , Harring Jeffrey R. , du Toit Stephen H. C.
Published: November 2008

There has been considerable interest in nonlinear latent variable models specifying interaction between latent variables. Although it seems to be only slightly more complex than linear regression without the interaction, the model that includes a product of latent variables cannot be estimated by maximum likelihood assuming normality. Consequently, many approximate methods have been proposed. Recently, a maximum likelihood method of estimation based on the expectation–maximization algorithm has been suggested that is optimum if the distribution assumptions are true. In this article, the authors outline an alternative marginal maximum likelihood estimator using numerical quadrature. A key feature of the approach is that in the marginal distribution of the manifest variables the complicated integration can be reduced, often to a single dimension. This allows a direct approach to maximizing the log-likelihood and makes the method relatively straightforward to use.
Divided by the Ballot Box: The Montreal Council of Women and the 1917 Election
Authors: Brookfield Tarah
Published: November 2008

Prime Minister Robert Borden created the Wartime Elections Act in September 1917 – a move that granted temporary voting rights to women who had close relatives serving in the military. Their votes were positioned as key to winning the war because it was assumed that newly enfranchised wives and mothers would support Borden's controversial conscription plans to reinforce their husbands and sons at the front. Suffragists across the country were divided by the act's limited enfranchisement and its connection to conscription. This turmoil reached its pinnacle in Montreal, a city that was at the centre of nationalistic and ethnic strife caused by the war, and triggered rifts within the city's largest Anglophone women's organization, the Montreal Council of Women. One result of this tension was the impeachment trial of the council's long-time president, Dr Grace Ritchie-England, for her criticism of the Wartime Elections Act and conscription during the 1917 federal election. Calling attention to the resistance of and conflicts between middle-class club women who were normally viewed as hegemonically supportive of the war effort widens our understanding of women's disparate opinions and activism during the First World War and the fragile nature of suffragists’ political unity.
On the Brink of Civil War: The Canadian Government and the Suppression of the 1918 Quebec Easter Riots
Authors: Auger Martin F.
Published: November 2008

This article analyzes the Canadian government's use of military force to suppress the anti-conscription Easter Riots that occurred in Quebec City between 28 March and 1 April 1918. The riots demonstrated French-Canadian dissatisfaction with the national war effort and the introduction of conscription, and exacerbated nationwide fears that a state of rebellion existed in the French-speaking province of Quebec. The Canadian government's reaction was immediate and firm; martial law was proclaimed, habeas corpus was suspended, and over six thousand English-speaking soldiers were deployed to Quebec during and after the riots to maintain order and enforce conscription, the last of these troops leaving the province in early 1919. The Easter Riots were extremely violent, causing important destruction of property and over 150 civilian and military casualties, including at least four dead when soldiers opened fire on rioters. This article will demonstrate the extent to which the Canadian government apprehended insurrection in Quebec during the First World War and how determined it was under difficult wartime conditions to prevent the rise of a major national crisis.
Municipal Colonialism in Vancouver: City Planning and the Conflict over Indian Reserves, 1928–1950s
Authors: Stanger-Ross Jordan
Published: November 2008

This article explores the entanglement of city planning with settler claims to Indian reserves in Vancouver. The Plan for the City of Vancouver, first published in 1928, devoted significant attention to the Kitsilano and Musqueam reserves. In the decades that followed, municipal officials drew upon the plan in their descriptions of the particular problems created by reserves in the city. Municipal officials came to think that the reserves harmed the rest of Vancouver and that modern urban areas presented a special case for dispossession. Marshalling the theories and methods of city planning in their attempts to control and acquire the reserves from the 1930s to the 1950s, city officials fashioned a distinctively municipal colonialism.
Mbororo Claims to Regional Citizenship and Minority Status in North-West Cameroon
Authors: Pelican Michaela
Published: November 2008

Discourses on autochthony, citizenship and exclusion have become popular in Cameroon as well as in other parts of Africa, and lately even in Europe. This article considers the case of the Mbororo (agro-pastoral Fulbe) in north-west Cameroon (also known as the Western Grassfields) and their recent claims to regional citizenship and minority status.

The Mbororo are a minority in the region. They are perceived as strangers and migrants by local Grassfields groups who consider themselves their hosts and landlords. The Mbororo have long entertained host–guest and patron–client relations with their Grassfields neighbours. However, in the context of Cameroon's democratization and the constitutional changes of the 1990s, they have changed their political strategies, aiming at direct representation to the state. In 1992 MBOSCUDA (the Mbororo Social and Cultural Development Association) was founded and gradually developed into a nationally influential ethnic elite association. While confirming the Mbororo as regional citizens, it successfully portrayed them as an ‘indigenous people’ both nationally and internationally. Moreover, many Mbororo of the younger generation have gradually developed emotional bonds with their home areas. Neighbouring groups have mixed feelings about these developments, as they may generate new conflicts.
Risky Trade, Resilient Traders: Trust and Livestock Marketing in Northern Kenya
Authors: Mahmoud Hussein Abdullahi
Published: November 2008

This article examines innovations in livestock marketing that livestock traders in northern Kenya use to overcome a host of trading obstacles. Livestock trading in northern Kenya is one of the toughest and most risk-prone jobs in the region, yet livestock traders have been able not only to transform the ways in which trading is conducted through ‘home-made’ innovations, but also to mitigate trading risks. The article demonstrates how livestock traders have become resilient to risks and have been able to succeed in a trade that in the past many have had to abandon. Trust embedded in social networks and relations reinforces the adoption of risk-minimizing strategies. The article focuses on the broad field of pastoral risk management to illustrate how an innovative risk management strategy can be used to create a successful business entrepreneurship in a risk-prone environment. I draw on fieldwork conducted during 2001–2 among cattle traders in Moyale District of northern Kenya and Nairobi, and on recent work among Somali livestock traders-cum-ranchers in Garissa District of North Eastern and Coast provinces.
Gleaming Like The Sun: Aesthetic Values in Wodaabe Material Culture
Authors: Boesen Elisabeth
Published: November 2008

The Fulbe Wodaabe from Central Niger – like other nomadic pastoralists – seem to be highly resistant to the influence of global consumer goods, the consumption of modern products being more or less confined to satisfying practical needs. The article presents a notable exception to this attitude of abstinence, the domain of female household goods which are procured on seasonal travels to places as distant as Dakar or Freetown.

The Wodaabe case is distinctive in that the gift/commodity model does not adequately describe the forms of acquisition in question. The author suggests a third term: ‘booty’, implying that, for the Wodaabe, consumer goods are not part of a genuine transaction. In a further step she analyses the cultural appropriation of newly acquired goods by exploring the parallels between the ceremonial exposition of female household items and male dances, showing that the modern elements incorporated into the expositions exhibit a certain aesthetic quality, namely brightness and radiance, which the Wodaabe regard as a characteristic trait of themselves. Thus, the adoption of new things leads here to an intensification of the original cultural expression.
High Speed Clinical Data Retrieval System with Event Time Sequence Feature
Authors: Tani S. , Watanabe H. , Naito Y. , Sakusabe T. , Watanabe H. , Nakaya J. , Sasaki F. , Numano T. , Furuta T. , Furuta T. , Kimura M.
Published: November 2008

Objectives:
This paper illustrates a high speed clinical data retrieving system, from 10 years of data of operating hospital information system for the purposes of research, evidence creation, patient safety, etc., even incorporating time sequence of causal relations.

Methods:
Total of 73,709,298 records of 10 years at Hamamatsu University Hospital (as of June 2008) are sent from HIS to retrieval system in HL7 v2.5 format. Hierarchical variable length database is used to install them.

Results:
A search for “listing patients who were prescribed Pravastatin (Mevalotin and generic drugs, any titer)” took 1.92 seconds. “Pravastatin (any) prescribed and recorded AST >150 within two weeks” took 112.22 seconds. Searching conditions can be set to be more complex, connected by Boolean operator and/or. This system called D*D is in operation at Hamamatsu University Hospital since August 2002. It is used for 48,518 times (monthly average of 703 searches). Neither searching, nor background export of data from HIS caused delay of routine operating CPOE.

Conclusions:
Search database outside of routine operating CPOE, with daily export of order data in HL7 v2.5 format, is proved to provide excellent search environment without causing trouble. Hierarchical representation gives high-speed search response, especially with time sequence of events.
An Ontology-based Mediator of Clinical Information for Decision Support Systems
Authors: Ohe K. , Kawazoe Y.
Published: November 2008

Objective:
We have been developing a decision support system that uses electronic clinical data and provides alerts to clinicians. However, the inference rules for such a system are difficult to write in terms of representing domain concepts and temporal reasoning. To address this problem, we have developed an ontologybased mediator of clinical information for the decision support system.

Methods:
Our approach consists of three steps: 1) development of an ontology-based mediator that represents domain concepts and temporal information; 2) mapping of clinical data to corresponding concepts in the mediator; 3) temporal abstraction that creates high-level, interval-based concepts from time-stamped clinical data. As a result, we can write a concept-based rule expression that is available for use in domain concepts and interval-based temporal information. The proposed approach was applied to a prototype of clinical alert system, and the rules for adverse drug events were executed on data gathered over a 3-month period.

Results:
The system generated 615 alerts. 346 cases (56%) were considered appropriate and 269 cases (44%) were inappropriate. Of the false alerts, 192 cases were due to data inaccuracy and 77 cases were due to insufficiency of the temporal abstraction.

Conclusion:
Our approach enabled to represent a concept-based rule expression that was available for the prototype of a clinical alert system. We believe our approach will contribute to narrow the gaps of information model between domain concepts and clinical data repositories.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallographic Characterization and New High‐Yield Synthetic Routes for the Complete Series of 6‐X‐B10H13 Halodecaboranes (X: F, Cl, Br, I) via Superacid‐Induced Cage‐Opening Reactions of closo‐B10H102‐.
Authors: Ewing William C. , Carroll Patrick J. , Sneddon Larry G.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of GaN Powder by Mechanochemical Reaction Between Ga2O3 and Li3N.
Authors: Kano Junya , Kobayashi Eiko , Tongamp William , Saito Fumio
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyanionic Gallium Hydrides from AlB2‐Type Precursors AeGaE (Ae: Ca, Sr, Ba; E: Si, Ge, Sn).
Authors: Evans Michael J. , Holland Gregory P. , Garcia‐Garcia Francisco J. , Haeussermann Ulrich
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoluminescent Microporous Lanthanide Silicate AV‐21 Frameworks.
Authors: Kowalchuk Collin M. , Paz Filipe A. A. , Ananias Duarte , Pattison Philip , Carlos Luis D. , Rocha Joao
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Hydrothermal Route to Synthesis of Nanocrystalline Lanthanide Stannates: Ln2Sn2O7 (Ln: Y, La—Yb).
Authors: Zhu Hongliang , Jin Dalai , Zhu Luming , Yang Hong , Yao Kuihong , Xi Zhenqiang
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Planar Tetracoordinate Carbons in Cyclic Semisaturated Hydrocarbons.
Authors: Perez‐Peralta Nancy , Sanchez Mario , Martin‐Polo Jesus , Islas Rafael , Vela Alberto , Merino Gabriel
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Fused 1‐Sila‐, 1‐Germa‐, and 1‐Selenacyclohepta‐2,4,6‐trienes.
Authors: Shirani Hamid , Janosik Tomasz
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bi(OTf)3 as Mild, Efficient and Cost‐Effective Catalyst for the Alkylation of N‐Heterocycles with Epoxides.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Subbareddy Basi V. , Krishna Avvaru D. , Reddy Ailuri R. , Narsaiah Akkirala V.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Practical Buchwald—Hartwig Amine Arylation Protocol Using a Conveniently Prepared (NHC)Pd(R‐Allyl)Cl Catalyst.
Authors: Cawley Mark J. , Cloke F. Geoffrey N. , Fitzmaurice Richard J. , Pearson Stuart E. , Scott James S. , Caddick Stephen
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploration of Molybdenum(V) Chloride as a Lewis Acid Catalyst in Various C—C Bond Formation Reactions.
Authors: Reddy Chada R. , Rao Nagavaram N. , Sudhakar Ambadi
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Conversion of Carbonyl Compounds into Pentadienylamines by a Julia—Kocienski Olefination Procedure.
Authors: Bastin Reyhan , Liron Melanie , Taylor Richard J. K.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Calix[6]tris(thio)ureas: Heteroditopic Receptors for the Cooperative Binding of Organic Ion Pairs.
Authors: Hamon Melanie , Menand Mickael , Le Gac Stephane , Luhmer Michel , Dalla Vincent , Jabin Ivan
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Self‐Assembly Dynamics of Modular Homoditopic Bis‐calix[5]arenes and Long‐Chain α,ω‐Alkanediyldiammonium Components.
Authors: Gattuso Giuseppe , Notti Anna , Pappalardo Andrea , Parisi Melchiorre F. , Pisagatti Ilenia , Pappalardo Sebastiano , Garozzo Domenico , Messina Angela , Cohen Yoram , Slovak Sarit
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclopentenones from Cyclopropanes and Silyl Ynol Ethers.
Authors: Qi Xiangbing , Ready Joseph M.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Aqueous Kharasch Reaction with an Amphiphilic Resin‐Supported Ruthenium Catalyst.
Authors: Oe Yohei , Uozumi Yasuhiro
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Trapping of an Alcoholic Oxonium Ylide with Aldehydes: RhII/ZrIV‐Co‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reactions of Aryl Diazoacetates, Benzyl Alcohol, and Aldehydes.
Authors: Zhang Xu , Huang Haoxi , Guo Xin , Guan Xiaoyu , Yang Liping , Hu Wenhao
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Regioselective Synthesis of Aryl Sulfones Using Graphite/MeSO3H (GMA).
Authors: Hosseini‐Sarvari Mona
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium/Copper‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Potassium Carboxylates.
Authors: Goossen Lukas J. , Zimmermann Bettina , Knauber Thomas
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Formylation and Acylation of Naphthalene‐1‐ol in the System 1,3,5‐Triazine—Polyphosphoric Acid.
Authors: Aksenov A. V. , Aksenova I. V. , Zamorkin A. A. , Borovlev I. V.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Base‐Induced Sequential Cyclization—Rearrangement of Enantioenriched 3‐Aminoalkanoates to Five‐ and Seven‐Membered Lactams.
Authors: Sakai Takeo , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Expansion Reaction of Cyclopropane: A Novel Process for Synthesis of Bicyclic Dicarboximides (V) from Cyclopropanedicarboximides (III) and Carbon Nucleophiles.
Authors: Ren Zhongjiao , Cao Weiguo , Lu Yeying , Wang Yun , Wang Sihui
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: POCl3‐Mediated Synthesis of Hydrolysis‐Prone 2‐Trifluoroethylbenzimidazoles.
Authors: Nanda Kausik K. , Trotter B. Wesley
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformationally Constrained Adamantaneoxazolines of Pharmacological Interest.
Authors: Papanastasiou Ioannis , Foscolos George B. , Tsotinis Andrew , Olah Judit , Ovadi Judit , Prathalingam S. Radhika , Kelly John M.
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Derivatives of 3‐Alkyl‐1,5‐diaryl‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazoles and Their Pharmacological Evaluation as CB1 Cannabinoid Ligands.
Authors: Hernandez‐Folgado Laura , Goya Pilar , Frigola Jordi , Cuberes Maria Rosa , Dordal Alberto , Holenz Joerg , Jagerovic Nadine
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Access to Tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines via One‐Pot Hydroformylation/Fischer Indole Synthesis: Rearrangement of 3,3‐Spiroindoleninium Cations.
Authors: Bondzic Bojan P. , Eilbracht Peter
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of Cinnolines and 1‐Aminoindolines via Cu‐Catalyzed Intramolecular N‐Arylation of Hydrazines and Hydrazones Prepared from 3‐Haloaryl‐3‐hydroxy‐2‐diazopropanoates.
Authors: Hasegawa Kazuya , Kimura Naoki , Arai Shigeru , Nishida Atsushi
Published: November 2008

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.