bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking analysis of cyber-physical system-based lean tools using grey approaches
Authors: Rohit  , Vinodh S. , Vigneshvaran R.
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to provide an analysis of cyber-physical system (CPS)-based lean tools. This study focuses on the identification of lean tools for integration with CPS and analyzes those tools using MCDM (multi-criteria decision-making) approaches.

Design/methodology/approach

There exists a need to integrate lean manufacturing with Industry 4.0 technologies. According to literature analysis, CPS is the first stage to implement Industry 4.0 technologies. Based on the extensive study, six CPS-based lean tools, i.e. CPS-based Jidoka system, CPS-based Kanban, CPS-based Andon support system, CPS-based Just-in-time delivery system, CPS-based poka-yoke cell and CPS-based value stream mapping have been considered; then Grey TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) MCDM technique has been applied to rank those tools. These CPS-based lean tools are ranked based on seven performance measures as recognized by academic and industry experts.

Findings

The top three CPS-based lean tools are CPS-based Kanban 4.0, CPS-based value stream mapping and CPS-based Just-in-time delivery system have been selected based on the above ranking. The study results have been validated using grey-based approach.

Practical implications

Appropriate criteria to evaluate significant lean tools for integration with CPS are identified, which facilitates managers to assess their current tools and technologies that could be integrated with I4.0, and the implementation of CPS-based lean tools would improve organizational performance.

Originality/value

In the emerging Industry 4.0, integration with advanced technologies provides high degrees of optimization. But there exist challenges for industries to integrate CPS with lean tools; hence, this study attempts to identify and analyze CPS-based lean tools. The lean tools are ranked for integration with CPS, the problem is modeled as MCDM problem, and the obtained results are again validated using grey approach. Prioritizing lean tools for integration with CPS is the original contribution of this study.
Technostress in entrepreneurship: focus on entrepreneurs in the developing world
Authors: Simba Amon , Tajeddin Mahdi , Jones Paul , Rambe Patient
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study analyzes technostress in African entrepreneurship. It advances contextualized theoretical explanations of technostress depicting its impact on entrepreneurs who excessively consume digital technology in Africa. The study also describes how research linking transactional benefits to digital technology has created an imbalanced literature that ignores technostress and well-being in African entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

Considering the study’s theoretical explanations derived at the technostress–entrepreneurship–well-being nexus, structural equation modeling (SEM) was deemed appropriate. Unlike qualitative–based methods, SEM experiments on 643 observations of early–stage African entrepreneurs in South Africa enabled robust statistical interpretations of their social settings. Thus, strengthening our analysis and focus on the interplay between the variables of technostress, including overload, invasion, complexity and uncertainty, and their impact on entrepreneurship intentions defined through perceived behavior control, entrepreneurship passion and digital self-efficacy.

Findings

SEM experiments on these African entrepreneurs revealed technostress dimensions of overload, invasion, complexity and uncertainty as moderators of their entrepreneurial actions encompassing perceived behaviour control and entrepreneurship passion in connection with their entrepreneurial intentions. The results also suggested that perceived behaviour control, entrepreneurship passion, and the digital self-efficacy of these entrepreneurs influenced their entrepreneurial intentions.

Research limitations/implications

Besides inspiring more studies on technostress and well-being in varied entrepreneurial contexts, this research also initiates debate on policy and social reforms geared toward entrepreneurs considered vulnerable to excessive digital technology consumption.

Originality/value

The novelty of this study lies in its theoretical explanations derived at the technostress–entrepreneurship–well-being nexus. This conceptual overlay elevates the interpretations of the findings of this study beyond the averages in entrepreneurship and information technology (IT) research. Specifically, it increases their inferential value by revealing subtle and hard to dictate social interactions inherent in how African entrepreneurs consume and are impacted by technology as they pursue their entrepreneurial endeavors.
Unabsorbed slack, capability reconfiguration and green innovation behavior: the moderating role of consumer green pressure
Authors: Yang Jianjun , Gu Lei , Liu Kangxin , Deng Cheng
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Implementing green innovation is crucial for firms to build or sustain competitive advantages within the context of the sustainable development goals. Academic research has broadly explored how firms can induce green innovation behavior (GIB), examining external factors, but few studies in the current literature have deeply investigated unabsorbed slack as an internal antecedent of GIB. Drawing upon the behavioral theory of the firm and integrating it with dynamic capabilities theory, this study aims to address this deficiency by investigating the impact of unabsorbed slack on GIB and the mediating roles of two dimensions of capability reconfiguration: capability evolution and capability substitution in the relationship between unabsorbed slack and GIB. Furthermore, this study also discusses the moderating effects of consumer green pressure on the relationship between unabsorbed slack and capability evolution/substitution.

Design/methodology/approach

Survey data were collected from 286 Chinese technology-intensive manufacturing firms to empirically test the relationships among the variables.

Findings

The results reveal that unabsorbed slack has a positive influence on GIB. Furthermore, capability evolution and substitution both play mediating roles in the relationship between unabsorbed slack and GIB. Comparative analysis showed that the mediating effect of capability substitution is stronger than that of capability evolution. Moreover, consumer green pressure strengthens the positive relationship between unabsorbed slack and capability evolution/substitution.

Originality/value

This study enriches the research on the driving forces of GIB and contributes to providing managerial implications for firms to launch green innovation activities.
Categorizing world regional art prices by artistic movement: an analysis of Latin American art
Authors: Garay Urbi , Pulga Fredy
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The literature on the potential benefits of art investing has yet to consider the effects of categorizing world regional art markets (e.g. Latin American art) by artistic styles or movements (e.g. Latin American surrealism, Latin American conceptual art, etc.). We propose that such categorization should be carried out and analyze the Latin American art market as an example.

Design/methodology/approach

Eleven artistic style price indices within the Latin American art market (30,288 artworks created by 293 artists and sold at auction between 1970 and 2014) are estimated using hedonic regressions: Abstract-geometric, abstract-informal, conceptual, costumbrismo, cubism, figurative, muralism, landscape, surrealism, nineteenth century and avant-garde. We find that several variables that rely on the corresponding Latin American art movement index have a significant relationship with painting prices.

Findings

There is significant variation in the financial performance of the various price indices for Latin American art styles: the conceptual (10.33% annual real return), abstract geometric (1.97%), cubism (0.97%) and costumbrismo (0.91%) movements overperformed a market that exhibited an aggregate negative cumulated real return of 0.9% during the sample period. The average correlation between each of the styles was only 0.12. The estimated price index for paintings sold at Christie's and Sotheby's clearly outperformed the index estimated for the other auction houses, and we also found that paintings created by Latin American women artists yielded higher returns.

Practical implications

Our results have practical applications for investors, collectors, auction houses and policymakers.

Originality/value

This is the first paper to highlight the need to decompose art price indices by artistic movements at the regional level.
Leadership practices for pursuing frugal innovation in hotels and restaurants: the roles of knowledge sharing and information technology utilization
Authors: Le Phong Ba , Thai Phong Le , Vu Khoa Dinh
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of transformational leadership (TL) on frugal innovation (FI) of hotel and restaurant firms through the mediating role of knowledge sharing (KS) and moderating role of information technology utilization (ITU).

Design/methodology/approach

The paper used a quantitative research method and structural equation modeling to test the relationship among the latent factors based on a sample of 315 participants from 113 hotel and restaurant firms.

Findings

Findings show the significant impacts of TL on FI directly or indirectly via the mediating role of tacit and explicit KS behaviors. It highlights the important role of ITU in fostering influence of KS behaviors on FI.

Practical implications

The paper provides managers and directors in the Vietnamese restaurant and hotel industry with valuable insights into the development of leadership programs focusing on TL practices to improve the knowledge resource and FI capabilities of firms.

Originality/value

This study contributes to bridging research gaps in the literature and advances the insights of the key antecedents and appropriate conditions to pursue FI of hotel and restaurant firms.
Robots vs humans: an examination of emotional and cognitive responses in upselling and cross-selling
Authors: Chan Janelle
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Besides the mainstream discussion around customer expectation, this study aims to review would customer surprise be influential in up- and cross-selling. Although hotel customers are becoming more used to robotic services, due to a negative impression of the robot’s lack of warmth, other customers still prefer the human-to-human services. Thus, what happens when up- and cross-selling are delivered by a robot versus human salesperson?

Design/methodology/approach

This study designs three experiments to investigate how guests would be surprised by a human or robot salesperson when checking in following a scenario of up- and cross-selling. This paper has three studies and data were collected through an online survey with the United States residents (n = 270).

Findings

This study validates that when up- and cross-selling are conducted separately, a human salesperson performs a better job in terms of achieving higher customer surprise, satisfaction, perceived value and reuse intention. When promoting both up- and cross-selling together, a robot salesperson has a more competitive performance in all examined measures.

Research limitations/implications

This study contributes elucidations on a theoretical conception of Appraisal Tendency Framework and extends the idiomatic impression that humans are more favorable than robots when an intensive personal interaction is involved.

Practical implications

This study inspires hospitality practitioners an optimal strategy in adopting human or robot employees for up- and cross-selling. Suggestions for marketing management and service operation with analytical methods are elucidated.

Originality/value

This study not just fills all indicated knowledge voids but proffers theoretical and practical insights.
Developing a decarbonization policy model of container terminal clusters
Authors: Moeis Armand Omar , Salim Chatarina Petra , Setiawan Andri Dwi , Destyanto Arry Rahmawan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this research is to develop a set of policies to solve the decarbonization issues of container terminal clusters.

Design/methodology/approach

This research used the system dynamics approach to develop an integrated multi-issue policy model.

Findings

We found that the mandatory use of low-sulfur fuel can decrease GRDP and container throughput and hinder the growth of companies and workers due to high fuel prices. However, it can contribute to a significant reduction in SOx emissions.

Research limitations/implications

This research used the Tanjung Priok container terminal cluster in Jakarta, Indonesia, as its case study. Hence, some findings are attached to the characters of this container terminal cluster.

Practical implications

We found that an integrated policy approach that can tackle technical and social issues can be used to develop a novel approach to solving the complexity that arises in a complex socio-technical system such as container terminal clusters.

Social implications

As this research used the socio-technical systemic point of view, we found that solutions for major environmental issues should be coupled with significant social programs to (at least) maintain the welfare of society.

Originality/value

This research used the integrated complexity model approach, system dynamics, which can significantly increase society’s ability to tackle multi-issue problems such as decarbonizing container terminal clusters.
Mechanical management decreases arthropod biomass by changing vegetation structure in fallow fields of high conservation value
Authors: Revilla‐Martin Natalia , Tarjuelo Rocío , Sanz‐Pérez Ana , Sardà‐Palomera Francesc , Bota Gerard , Santhosh Vishnupriya , Giralt David
Published: January 2025

Arthropods play key roles in ecosystems as pollinators or as food resources for many birds. The decline in arthropods in farmland due to agricultural intensification is related to negative population trends in farmland birds. Semi‐natural areas such as fallow land are valuable habitats for arthropod communities in farmland, but the potential of these areas to boost biodiversity greatly depends on their management.

We used a field experiment to explore the mechanisms behind the effects of mechanical management on arthropod communities in high conservation value fallow land. We used GLMMs to explore changes in arthropod abundance after treatment application, and pSEM to discriminate direct effects of treatments from indirect effects mediated by changes in vegetation structure.

Tillage had stronger negative effects than vegetation shredding on total arthropod, spider and bee abundance, which were mediated by a reduction in vegetation height, green cover and flowering. Coleoptera biomass did not vary between treatments.

The differences between treatments disappeared from 2 to 3 months after treatment application for total arthropod and spider biomass, but not for Orthoptera and bees.

Synthesis and applications. Low‐intensity mechanical management of fallows has short‐term negative effects on arthropod abundance. For conservation purposes, fallow management should combine untreated fallow fields (or strips within fields) to boost arthropod communities, with low‐intensity management to create suitable breeding habitats for steppe birds.
Niche Partitioning and Intraspecific Variation of Thaumarchaeota in Deep Ocean Sediments
Authors: Liu Ronghua , He Xinxin , Ren Gaoyang , Li Da‐Wei , Zhao Meixun , Lehtovirta‐Morley Laura , Todd Jonathan D. , Zhang Xiao‐Hua , Liu Jiwen
Published: January 2025

Deep‐sea sediments contain a large number of Thaumarchaeota that are phylogenetically distinct from their pelagic counterparts. However, their ecology and evolutionary adaptations are not well understood. Metagenomic analyses were conducted on samples from various depths of a 750‐cm sediment core collected from the Mariana Trench Challenger Deep. The abundance of Thaumarchaeota and archaeal amoA generally decreased with depth, except for an unexpected peak midway through the core. The thaumarchaeotal metagenome‐assembled genomes were classified into diverse phylogenetic clusters associated with amoA‐NP‐γ, amoA‐NP‐θ, and amoA‐NP‐δ of ammonia‐oxidising Thaumarchaeota and non‐ammonia‐oxidising lineages. The most abundant group was within amoA‐NP‐γ, which is usually found in coastal and shallow habitats, indicating potential niche expansion from marine shallow to hadal environments. This benthic group showed within‐species genomic variations compared to the previously identified Hadal water group, suggesting microdiversification of hadal Thaumarchaeota along with niche separation between benthic and pelagic environments. Evolutionary adaptations associated with the benthic‐to‐pelagic transition included reduced genome size, loss of motility/cell adhesion, altered energy metabolism, and different mechanisms for substrate acquisition and regulation (e.g., ammonium). These findings offer new insights into the evolution of hadal Thaumarchaeota and demonstrate, for the first time, intraspecies‐level genomic variation in Thaumarchaeota related to the benthic‐versus‐pelagic niche partitioning in the deep ocean.
Unexpected recombination at the polled locus in a horned Holstein calf from the mating of a homozygous polled sire and a heterozygous polled cow
Authors: Brenig Bertram
Published: January 2025

In this study, I report an unexpected case of a Holstein calf that developed horns even though the sire was homozygous and the dam was heterozygous for polledness. After verifying and confirming the correct parentage, the parents and offspring were genotyped with the Illumina EuroG_MD BeadChip and the SNPs in the polled region on chromosome 1 were evaluated. In addition, the father was sequenced with next generation sequencing to identify possible, previously unknown variants. The deletion of two base pairs within the causative 80‐kb duplication described for the Friesian polled variant was verified by melting curve analysis and the 80‐kb duplication by droplet digital PCR. Analysis of all data showed that, as expected, the calf was heterozygous for all SNP positions flanking the 80‐kb duplication but was homozygous wild type in the 80‐kb duplication region and therefore carried horns. This is certainly a very rare case of a recombination within the highly conserved polled region, which on the one hand confirms that only the 80‐kb duplication is responsible for the expression of the Friesian polled variant, but on the other hand also shows that caution is required when interpreting the usual routine genotyping of the horn status based on linked single nucleotide polymorphisms in the polled region on chromosome 1. Based on the present case, it is recommended that, in addition to the evaluation of the SNP data of the BeadChip, an extended diagnosis with direct detection of the 2‐bp deletion (1:g.2629156_2629158delGT) should be carried out in any case when detecting the Friesian polled variant.
Anaesthesia for paediatric radiotherapy: A narrative review
Authors: Oswald Lauren , Al‐Kadhimi Sam , Thorp Nicola
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Radiotherapy is currently used in approximately one‐third of children with cancer. Treatments are typically received as weekday outpatient appointments over 3–6 weeks. The treatment is painless but requires a still, co‐operative patient who can lie alone in set positions, facilitated by the use of immobilisation devices, for up to 1 h.

Methods

We conducted a literature search to identify relevant articles relating to radiotherapy treatment. Key search terms included: ‘radiotherapy’; ‘proton beam’; ‘photon’; ‘sedation’; ‘anaesthesia’; and ‘paediatric’. The abstracts of identified articles were assessed for relevance and their references reviewed for further relevant publications.

Results

The requirement for anaesthesia is almost exclusively limited to younger children, who are committed to daily anaesthetics over the duration of their treatment course. Centres tend to adopt a primary anaesthetic technique of either general anaesthesia using a supraglottic airway device or deep sedation, with spontaneous ventilation maintained. A full variety of anaesthetic drugs has been used with insufficient evidence to support a standardised primary approach but an apparent global trend towards propofol by infusion for sedation. Children may become acutely unwell during their treatment course and systems for escalation of clinical care in this event are vital. Distance from the patient for staff radiation shielding, patient positioning for treatment delivery and the use of immobilisation devices may provide additional access challenges in the event of an emergency.

Discussion

The requirement for anaesthesia for paediatric radiotherapy is typically confined to younger children. Patients may be unwell, with several specific considerations related to their cancer diagnosis and the impact of various treatments including surgery and chemotherapy, in addition to the radiotherapy. A multidisciplinary team approach to all aspects of care is imperative in this group of high‐risk patients.
The increasing global burden of cancer: implications for anaesthesia and peri‐operative medicine
Authors: Guerra‐Londono Carlos E. , Uribe‐Marquez Santiago , Shah Rupen , Gottumukkala Vijaya
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Most patients with cancer will require surgery at some point in their lifetime. As the global burden of cancer continues to increase, changes and challenges in cancer epidemiology and care are also borne peri‐operatively.

Methods

Due to its broad scope, a formal systematic electronic literature search was not performed. This narrative review examines how an increasing global burden of cancer affects anaesthesia and peri‐operative medicine. We aimed to describe current cancer statistics; economic implications; the increasing survival of individuals with cancer; and the role of anaesthetists in enhancing the quality of life and survival after oncological surgery.

Results

Epidemiological reports show wide variation in cancer incidence and mortality worldwide. Countries with a lower human development index will be disproportionately affected by greater increases in cancer burden. At the same time, these countries will also suffer larger deficits in the surgical and anaesthetic workforce. Cancer has significant macro‐ and micro‐economic implications. Thus, public health and policy should address the large economic burden of cancer surgery and care. The improvement in cancer‐related survival can be attributed to research focused on a deeper understanding of tumour biology; effective awareness education campaigns and screening programmes; early diagnosis; newer cancer therapies; and patient‐centred precision care. Increasing survival brings new global challenges, such as delivering an adequate survivorship care plan and addressing long‐term psychosocial concerns in survivors. Anaesthetists are involved in all phases of a patient's cancer journey including facilitating diagnostic procedures; providing comprehensive peri‐operative care needs for ablative procedures; provision of critical care; addressing acute and chronic pain; and provision of integrative and palliative care services.

Discussion

Deeper engagement of anaesthetists in cancer care programmes will be instrumental in reducing postoperative complications; improving the quality of life for patients; enhancing population health; and contributing to improved global economies.
Locus Coeruleus Degeneration in Essential Tremor With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Neuromelanin MRI Study
Authors: Fang Yuelin , Zhou Cheng , Zhu Bingting , Liu Jiasi , Liu Sicheng , Guan Xiaojun , Guo Tao , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Minming , Tian Jun , Yin Xinzhen , Zhang Baorong , Zhao Guohua , Yan Yaping
Published: January 2025

Objective

Our aim was to research the neuromelanin‐sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (NM‐MRI) features of the locus coeruleus (LC) in essential tremor (ET) patients of various cognitive states and to explore the relationships between these features and cognition.

Methods

We recruited three groups of participants, including 30 ET patients with mild cognitive impairment (ET‐MCI), 57 ET patients with normal cognition (ET‐NC), and 105 healthy controls (HCs). All participants underwent MRI scanning and clinical evaluation. Through NM‐MRI images, we compared the contrast‐to‐noise ratio of LC (CNRLC) between groups and evaluated the relationships between CNRLC and cognitive scales.

Results

Compared to HCs, ET‐MCI patients had a substantially lower CNRLC value (p = 0.017). The CNRLC of ET‐NC patients was intermediate between that of ET‐MCI patients and HCs. Furthermore, a partial correlation analysis in ET‐MCI patients, controlling for age, gender, and education level, showed that higher CNRLC values correlate with better performance on the Montreal cognitive assessment test and the trail making test A.

Conclusion

LC degeneration in ET patients may partially contribute to cognitive decline, suggesting that the LC norepinephrine system deserves further research on the mechanism of cognitive decline of ET patients as well as the development of targeted drugs.
A preliminary randomized trial of a brief dissonance‐based type 2 diabetes prevention programme for adults with pre‐diabetes
Authors: Stice Eric , Rohde Paul , Desjardins Christopher D. , Gee Kristen , Shaw Heather , Kim Sun
Published: January 2025

Objective

Conduct a preliminary randomized trial that compared a 6‐week type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevention programme to an educational video control for adults with pre‐diabetes.

Methods

Adults (N = 62) with pre‐diabetes were randomized to the group‐delivered Project Health T2D or an educational video control, completing measures at pre‐test, post‐test and 3‐month follow‐up.

Results

Participants randomized to the intervention versus control condition showed significantly greater reductions in body fat (d = 0.76, p = 0.002; d = 1.07, p < 0.001), weight (d = 0.59, p = 0.030; 0.65, p = 0.017) and body mass index (BMI = kg/m2; d = 0.60, p = 0.030; 0.67, p = 0.014), significantly greater increases in lean mass (d = 0.80, p = 0.003; 0.93, p = 0.001) at post‐test and 3‐month follow‐up, respectively, and marginally greater reductions in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) (d = 0.54, p = 0.056), but not fasting plasma glucose at 3‐month follow‐up (d = 0.25, p = 0.364). Project Health T2D also produced a marginally greater 75% reduction in future onset of type 2 diabetes compared with educational controls, reducing incidence over the total 5‐month observation period from 15% to 4% (odds ratio = 4.52, p = 0.096).

Conclusions

Project Health T2D produced encouraging reductions in body fat, weight and T2D incidence, and increases in lean mass, and is less intensive than other lifestyle modification T2D prevention programme, suggesting that it might be useful to evaluate in a fully powered efficacy trial with a longer follow‐up.
Teacher Education in the Age of Digitality: Conclusions From a Design‐Based Research Project
Authors: Bernsteiner Angelika , Haagen‐Schützenhöfer Claudia , Schubatzky Thomas
Published: January 2025

In response to the essential need for digital competences in education, a 3‐year Design‐Based Research project was conducted to prepare pre‐service mathematics and science teachers for the demands of teaching in the digital age. Over three design cycles, an evidence‐based course design for teaching and learning with and about digital media was developed. The interactions of 37 pre‐service teachers with the course design were examined using a mixed‐methods approach. Acceptance surveys, pre‐, mid‐, post‐surveys and reflection journals informed iterative phases of refinement. This article presents global project findings and derives contributions to context‐specific theories about teaching and learning with and about digital media. From this, key implications for higher (teacher) education are discussed, such as the use of scaffolds and teaching vignettes to promote self‐efficacy expectations for implementing digital data acquisition and the use of the SAMR model as a scaffold for planning digitally transformed lessons.
Investigating How Teacher Educators Perceive and Manage Their Diverse Conceptions of Teaching
Authors: Cheng Hong‐Yu , Bin‐Qian Feng , Jiang Hao‐Zhe
Published: January 2025

Many previous studies have indicated that teachers often hold a blend of conceptions of teaching, combining both teacher‐oriented and student‐oriented perspectives. This research extends the existing literature by investigating whether these mixed conceptions lead to dissonant combinations, and by examining how teachers perceive and manage these diverse teaching perspectives. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with a group of Chinese teacher educators at a university. Based on data from 93 participants, the study identified nine strategies employed by participants to integrate teacher‐oriented and student‐oriented perspectives at both individual component and cross‐component levels. It was also found that the use of these strategies enabled participants to construct four distinct combinations of conceptions of teaching, each corresponding to a specific approach to instruction. The research reminds education researchers to exercise caution when adopting a dichotomous perspective for categorising teaching approaches. The findings contribute to instructional design and teacher education by providing a deeper understanding of the relationships between distinct teaching conceptions, and encouraging teachers and teacher educators to explore more effective ways of integrating various teaching perspectives and methods to enhance instructional effectiveness.
The Impact of AI on the Personal and Collaborative Learning Environments in Higher Education
Authors: Msambwa Msafiri Mgambi , Wen Zhang , Daniel Kangwa
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) has extensively developed, impacting different sectors of society, including higher education, and has attracted the attention of various educational stakeholders, leading to a growing number of research on its integration into education. Hence, this systematic literature review examines the impact of integrating AI tools in higher education on students' personal and collaborative learning environments. Analysis of 148 articles published between 2021 and 2024 indicates that AI Tools improve personalised learning and assessments, communication and engagement, and scaffolding performance and motivation. Additionally, they promote a collaborative learning environment by providing peer‐learning opportunities, enhanced learner‐content interaction and cooperative learning support. Indeed, strategies such as skills development, ethical use, academic integrity and instructional content design. Acknowledged limitations include ethical considerations, particularly privacy and bias, which require ongoing attention. Hence, it is recommended to create a good balance between AI‐mediated and human interaction in learning environments, a key area of future exploration.
Because of Love, I Won't Leave: Harmonious Passion and Turnover Intention Among Primary and Secondary School Teachers
Authors: Hong Xinwei , Xue Lulu , Ma Yue , Fan Hang , Chen Zhengdong , Chen Lipeng
Published: January 2025

The high turnover rates of primary and secondary school teachers have become a serious problem in many countries, including China. To date, studies on the relationship between harmonious passion and turnover intention amongst primary and secondary school teachers remain scarce. Based on the conservation of resources theory, this study explored the relationship between harmonious passion and turnover intention, as well as the mediating role of emotional labour (deep acting, surface acting and genuine expression) and the moderating role of psychological empowerment. Data were extracted from 3336 primary and secondary school teachers. The results revealed the following: (1) Harmonious passion negatively predicted turnover intention. (2) Harmonious passion was associated with teachers' turnover intention through the mediating effect of emotional labour. (3) Psychological empowerment moderated the relationship between surface acting and turnover intention. The findings provide effective recommendations for the prevention and intervention of turnover intention amongst primary and secondary school teachers.
Smart Learning and Climate Change Awareness: A Simulation‐Based Case Study in Morocco
Authors: Marhraoui Mohamed Amine , Ojubanire Olugbenga Ayo
Published: January 2025

Prior research has highlighted the importance of smart learning in raising awareness and engagement about sustainable development. Nevertheless, few papers have focused on the impact of climate change simulation environments. In this paper, a systematic literature review has helped to shed the light on the research gaps and to propose a conceptual framework. Then, we have adopted a mixed method based on semi‐structured interviews and a questionnaire carried out for second year business students through different academic years. This case study aims both to compare the simulation‐based experience for two classes and to test our proposed framework's hypotheses through partial least‐squares method. The results have allowed us to explore the impact of using EN‐ROADS climate change simulator and to assess the relationship between climate change awareness, level of engagement and policy priorities. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first case studies exploring the potential impact of using climate change simulation tools. The study can help either practitioners like policy makers and university managers in adapting their curriculum, or researchers to test or extend our proposed framework.
Efficacy and safety of tirofiban in acute ischemic stroke patients with ideal reperfusion: A cohort study of LAA and CE subgroups
Authors: Yue Chengsong , Liu Xiang , Guo Changwei , Wang Lilan , Zhao Wenlong , Sun Wenzhe , Song Jiaxing , Yang Jie , Li Linyu , Yu Nizhen , Yang Shihai , Shi Xiaolei , Huang Jiacheng , Kong Weiling , Li Zhenqiang , Yang Shunyu , Yang Shuang , Zi Wenjie , Lin Yi , Li Fengli
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

Despite achieving ideal reperfusion (eTICI = 3) through endovascular treatment (EVT), some acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients still experience poor outcomes. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tirofiban in AIS patients with ideal reperfusion, focusing on its effects in large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) and cardioembolic (CE) stroke.

Methods

A total of 474 AIS patients from the RESCUE‐BT database were included. Patients were assigned to either the tirofiban or placebo group based on the treatment received. The primary outcome was favorable functional recovery at 90 days (mRS ≤2), and safety outcomes included symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and 90‐day mortality. Multivariable logistic regression was used to adjust for confounders, and subgroup and interaction analyses assessed tirofiban's efficacy in LAA and CE populations.

Results

In the overall population that achieved ideal reperfusion, Tirofiban did not improve clinical outcomes and did not increase the risk of mortality or incidence of sICH (p > 0.05). However, subgroup analysis indicated potential clinical benefits for patients with higher NIHSS scores in the LAA group, especially in the subgroup with NIHSS scores >13 (adjusted OR 4.671, 95% CI [1.545, 14.122]). No significant differences were found in the CE group.

Conclusions

Tirofiban showed potential benefits for LAA patients with ideal reperfusion, especially those with NIHSS scores above 13. Careful patient selection is recommended.
Bi‐LORA: A Vision‐Language Approach for Synthetic Image Detection
Authors: Keita Mamadou , Hamidouche Wassim , Bougueffa Eutamene Hessen , Taleb‐Ahmed Abdelmalik , Camacho David , Hadid Abdenour
Published: January 2025

Advancements in deep image synthesis techniques, such as generative adversarial networks (GANs) and diffusion models (DMs), have ushered in an era of generating highly realistic images. While this technological progress has captured significant interest, it has also raised concerns about the high challenge in distinguishing real images from their synthetic counterparts. This paper takes inspiration from the potent convergence capabilities between vision and language, coupled with the zero‐shot nature of vision‐language models (VLMs). We introduce an innovative method called Bi‐LORA that leverages VLMs, combined with low‐rank adaptation (LORA) tuning techniques, to enhance the precision of synthetic image detection for unseen model‐generated images. The pivotal conceptual shift in our methodology revolves around reframing binary classification as an image captioning task, leveraging the distinctive capabilities of cutting‐edge VLM, notably bootstrapping language image pre‐training (BLIP)2. Rigorous and comprehensive experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach, particularly in detecting unseen diffusion‐generated images from unknown diffusion‐based generative models during training, showcasing robustness to noise, and demonstrating generalisation capabilities to GANs. The experiments show that Bi‐LORA outperforms state of the art models in cross‐generator tasks because it leverages multi‐modal learning, open‐world visual knowledge, and benefits from robust, high‐level semantic understanding. By combining visual and textual knowledge, it can handle variations in the data distribution (such as those caused by different generators) and maintain strong performance across different domains. Its ability to transfer knowledge, robustly extract features and perform zero‐shot learning also contributes to its generalisation capabilities, making it more adaptable to new generators. The experimental results showcase an impressive average accuracy of 93.41% in synthetic image detection on unseen generation models. The code and models associated with this research can be publicly accessed at https://github.com/Mamadou‐Keita/VLM‐DETECT.
Increased Mineral‐Associated Organic Carbon and Persistent Molecules in Allochthonous Blue Carbon Ecosystems
Authors: Li Yuan , Fu Chuancheng , Ye Chenglong , Song Zhaoliang , Kuzyakov Yakov , Vancov Tony , Guo Laodong , Luo Zhongkui , Van Zwieten Lukas , Wang Yidong , Luo Yu , Wang Weiqi , Zeng Lin , Han Guangxuan , Wang Hailong , Luo Yongming
Published: January 2025

Coastal wetlands contain very large carbon (C) stocks—termed as blue C—and their management has emerged as a promising nature‐based solution for climate adaptation and mitigation. The interactions among sources, pools, and molecular compositions of soil organic C (SOC) within blue C ecosystems (BCEs) remain elusive. Here, we explore these interactions along an 18,000 km long coastal line of salt marshes, mangroves, and seagrasses in China. We found that mineral‐associated organic C (MAOC) is enriched in BCEs dominated by allochthonous inputs and abundant active minerals, leading to an increased proportion of persistent organic molecules. Specifically, soils with large allochthonous inputs (> 50%) are characterized by a substantial contribution of MAOC (> 70%) to total SOC with a notable preservation of lipids (36%) across salt marshes, mangroves, and seagrasses. The burial of allochthonous particles, derived from external sources such as rivers or tidal influxes, facilitates the formation of stable MAOC through binding to mineral surfaces or occlusion within microaggregates. The proportions of particulate organic C (POC) and MAOC are important predictors for molecular compositions of soil organic matter. Lipid proportions within molecular composition decrease as POC and autochthonous C proportions increase. These findings provide new insights into the coupled control over SOC sequestration in BCEs, emphasizing the role of allochthonous inputs, proportions of carbon pools, and persistent organic components.
How Do Interpreters Not Know Language? Monolingual Approaches to Multilingual Minorities in Interpreting
Authors: Cho Jinhyun
Published: January 2025

This study examines how linguistic minorities’ language needs are overlooked in relation to interpreter arrangement via established monolingual practices and ideologies of language barriers. It seeks to problematise the common view of interpreting as a solution to language barriers, through which to highlight the importance of accommodating the often‐multilingual nature of minority languages for interpreting to ensure access equity. Drawing on one‐on‐one interviews with health care interpreters in Australia, the study investigates common problems with language identification in the case of Afghan speakers not proficient in English. The findings reveal that Afghan people tend to identify Dari, one of the official languages of Afghanistan, with Farsi, commonly known as the language of Iran, owing to the historical sociolinguistic dynamics of Afghanistan. The Afghan tendency is, however, not accommodated in the Australian language assessment tool for minority individuals, which exclusively focuses on English language proficiency of minority groups, leading to problems with interpreter arrangement for Afghan people. By illuminating monolingual biases in language barriers involving minority groups, the research has both theoretical and practical implications through which to reapproach language barriers for ethnic minorities from an inclusive perspective.
Desmoplastic melanoma in Sweden in 2009–2022: A population‐based registry study demonstrating distinctive tumour characteristics, incidence and survival trends
Authors: Girmay Yodit , Portelli Francesca , Mikiver Rasmus , Lapins Jan , Isaksson Karolin , Helgadottir Hildur
Published: January 2025

Background

Desmoplastic melanoma (DM) is a rare subtype, accounting for less than 5% of primary cutaneous invasive melanomas. DM often arises in chronically sun‐exposed skin, in older individuals. While the incidence of cutaneous melanoma has increased globally, trends specific to DM are less documented and studies on survival outcomes for DM are inconsistent.

Objectives

To study patient and tumour characteristics, incidence trends and survival outcomes of desmoplastic melanoma in comparison with other melanoma subtypes using data from the population‐based Swedish Melanoma Registry (SweMR).

Methods

Clinicopathological variables were obtained from SweMR, for patients diagnosed with invasive cutaneous melanomas diagnosed in Sweden from 2009 to 2022. Incidence rates of DM per 100,000 inhabitants were calculated. DM cases were identified and survival outcomes were compared across DM, superficial spreading melanoma (SSM), nodular melanoma (NM) and lentigo maligna melanoma (LMM). Survival was analysed using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods.

Results

Among 48,945 invasive melanomas, 388 (0.8%) were identified as DM. The incidence ranged between 0.1 and 0.4 cases per 100,000, without a evident rise, beside a certain peak in 2019–2020 in the men. DM had compared to other melanoma subtypes the thickest primary tumours (p < 0.001). When adjusting for baseline prognostic factors, DM patients had an improved melanoma‐specific survival (HR 0.36, 95% CI 0.26–0.49). No significant improvement in survival was observed for DM diagnosed in 2015–2022 compared to those diagnosed in 2009–2014 (adjusted HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.45–2.14), whereas other subtypes showed an improvement (adjusted HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.68–0.80).

Conclusion

In contrast to the rising incidence of other melanoma subtypes, the incidence of DM has remained more stable over recent years. Despite presenting with adverse prognostic features, survival from DM is superior when adjusting for these factors. However, the introduction of anti‐PD‐1 therapy has not significantly improved survival for DM patients.
Osmia cornuta Is a More Suitable Managed Pollinator for Cherry and Apple Orchards Than Osmia bicornis
Authors: Magnin Laurie , Bianchi Felix , Hagenbucher Steffen
Published: January 2025

Managed crop pollination strongly relies on the honeybee Apis mellifera and the bumblebee Bombus terrestris, which is risky, may impact wild pollinator communities and does not always give the best pollination outcomes. The mason bees Osmia cornuta and Osmia bicornis are increasingly used as alternative crop pollinators, but it is not clear how suitable these species are for fruit pollination. Here we assessed the suitability of O. cornuta and O. bicornis as managed pollinators in two cherry and four apple orchards. O. cornuta and O. bicornis were introduced in the orchards at the start of blooming. We assessed their time till emergence, nesting rate, abundance in orchards via transect walks, flower visitation rate in 20‐min time counts and pollen composition on their bodies. O. cornuta emerged 4 ± 2 days earlier and had a minimum of 5‐fold higher nesting rate than O. bicornis in cherry and apple orchards. Transect walks revealed that O. cornuta was more abundant in orchards than O. bicornis (21.2% ± 10.1% vs. 1.3% ± 1.8% of all observed pollinators) and more frequently observed visiting flowers (53 vs. 5 visits for O. cornuta and O. bicornis, respectively). Pollen loads of O. cornuta contained 95% of Rosacea plants (likely apple and cherry), whereas this was 30% for O. bicornis, indicating that O. bicornis mainly foraged outside the orchards. These findings indicate that O. cornuta is a better pollinator than O. bicornis for early blooming crops, such as cherry and apple, in the relatively cool and rainy weather conditions during our study.
Social Disengagement in Post‐Pandemic China: A Translation, Validation and Cross‐Cultural Comparison of the Pandemic Disengagement Syndrome Scale
Authors: Pang Boruijie , Zhang Jiahe , Mancini Anthony D. , Chi Xinli , Prati Gabriele
Published: January 2025

Background

In contrast to abundant research on the various acute mental effects of COVID‐19, the long‐term influences of the pandemic are still underexplored in China owing to the paucity of assessment tools. The Pandemic Disengagement Syndrome Scale (PDSS) assesses people's social disengagement as a lasting psychological consequence in Western countries during the post‐COVID‐19 pandemic era. However, its generalizability across cultures is untested.

Objectives

The present studies aimed to validate Chinese PDSS and compare disengagement syndrome levels among China, the United States and Italy.

Method

In Study 1, a Chinese version of the PDSS was developed, psychometric properties including factor structure, internal consistency, measurement invariance across gender and country, discriminant validity, and test‐retest reliability were tested. Study 2 examined demographic differences in the pandemic disengagement syndrome in China and compared Chinese PDSS scores and those in the United States and Italy (Ns = 415US, 455Italy, 826China).

Results and Conclusion

The findings indicated that disengagement syndrome may exist among Chinese people even substantially after the acute phases of the pandemic. Meanwhile, the Chinese PDSS demonstrating acceptable psychometric features can be a valid instrument to assess the syndrome. Several possible reasons for the persistence of disengagement in China are discussed.