bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genome-Scale Metabolic Model Based Engineering of Escherichia Coli Enhances Recombinant Single Chain Antibody Fragment Production
Authors: Behravan Aidin , Hashemi Atieh , Marashi Sayed-Amir , Fouladiha Hamideh
Published: April 2021

Escherichia coli is an attractive and cost-effective cell factory for producing recombinant proteins such as scFvs. AntiEpEX-scFv is a small antibody fragment receiving considerable attention for the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) targeting. EpCAM is one of the first discovered-cancer-associated biomarkers highly expressed on various types of solid tumors. Hereby, a genome-scale metabolic model guided engineering strategy was proposed to recognize gene targets for improved antiEpEX-scFv production. Flux balance analysis and FVSEOF algorithm identified several potential genetic targets localized in the glucose import system and pentose phosphate pathway that probably guaranteed an improved yield of scFv. Among the targets predicted by the model, glk gene encoding glucokinase was selected to be overexpressed in the parent strain Escherichia coli BW25113 (DE3). Due to metabolic burden, scFv recombinant expression caused a remarkable decrease in the maximum specific growth rate of the transformed strain. By means of overexpressing glk, presumably increasing carbon flux through the PP pathway, the growth capacity of the E. coli recombinant strain was recovered. Moreover, the engineered strain with glk overexpression successfully increased scfv production. The titer of antiEpEX-scFv reached 235.41 ± 9.53 µg/mL (0.428 g/g DCW) in the engineered strain compared with the parent strain (110.236 ± 7.68 µg/mL; 0.202 g/g DCW). So, model-based prediction was experimentally validated. This approach can be considered for the improvement of other recombinant proteins production.
Assessment of men involvement in family planning services use and associated factors in rural Upper West Region of Ghana
Authors: Kwawukume Abigail Kpekpo , Laar Alexander Suuk , Abdulai Tanko
Published: April 2021

Background

In low-and-middle come countries (LMICs) less attention is paid to men’ involvement in Family Planning (FP)programs where public health officials have advocated the involvement of men as a strategy for addressing the dismal performance of FP programs. The study assessed factors which promote or hinder the uptake of FP services among partners in a rural setting of northern Ghana.
Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used to collect data from 200 respondents. Study respondents were selected through random cluster sampling.
Results

The findings showed that men partners’ knowledge (95.5%) and approval (72.8%) of FP services were high. Approval of services was also confirmed by their men partners (75%). Mass media was the commonest source of contraception information (48.1%) with the radio (29.4%) being the most popular source. The findings also indicated that men had a higher propensity (X2 = 4.5534, p = 0.033) of supporting a FP method use. Women who reported that their spouse supported FP method use were more likely to use a contraceptive method (X2 = 9.5223, P = 0.002) if their spouse supported FP method use (X2 = 9.5223, P = 0.002) and if their partners had some education (X2 = 14.1133, P = 0.000). Reasons for low contraceptive use were health risks, side-effects and socio-cultural norms.
Conclusion

Family planning programs need to include men at all levels of health promotion and education of FP programs to help reduce misconceptions about contraceptive
Manufacturing Readiness Assessment for Evaluation of the Microarray Patch Industry: An Exploration of Barriers to Full-Scale Manufacturing
Authors: Creelman Ben , Frivold Collrane , Jessup Sierra , Saxon Gene , Jarrahian Courtney
Published: April 2021

Microarray patch (MAP) technology is a promising new delivery technology for vaccines and pharmaceuticals. Yet due to several differing and novel production methods, barriers to full-scale manufacturing exist. PATH conducted a manufacturing readiness assessment and follow-up interviews to identify both the current manufacturing readiness of the industry as well as how readiness varies by developer type and MAP type. Follow-up interviews identified barriers the industry faces in reaching full manufacturing readiness, including the perceived regulatory and investment risk of manufacturing MAPs at scale due to quality requirements and control methods, uncertain sterility requirements, lack of standard production methods (especially around dissolvable MAP drying methods), and the lack of available contract manufacturing organizations with MAP manufacturing capabilities. A Regulatory Working Group has been established to identify and address critical quality issues specific to MAP manufacturing with the aim of providing developers insight into what will be expected for MAP product approvals. Standardizing MAP production equipment and automatic, visual quality control could reduce the overall risk to developers and contract manufacturing organizations in pursuing pilot-scale manufacturing capabilities and ultimately lower barriers to the scale-up of full medical MAP product lines.
Role of intrauterine balloon stent or oral estrogen on prevention of adhesion after hysteroscopic septectomy in septate uterus: study protocol for a randomized controlled multi-center study in China
Authors: Deng Shan , Zhao Zichen , Feng Limin , Huang Xiaowu , Wang Sumin , Xue Xiang , Yan Lei , Ma Baorong , Hao Lijuan , Li Xueying , Yang Lihua , Song Liwen , Zhang Heping , Chen Zijiang , Zhu Lan
Published: April 2021

• BackgroundThe septate uterus is the most common uterine malformation. The uterus septum increases the possibility of adverse pregnancy outcomes which can be improved by hysteroscopic metroplasty (trans-cervical resection of septate, TCRS). Various methods are used to prevent postoperative intrauterine adhesion in clinical practice. However, there is insufficient evidence to support or oppose the use of any of them. This study will be a multi-center, open labeled, prospective, randomized, controlled study. We will examine whether it is necessary to use the anti-adhesion barrier or a certain dose estrogen to prevent intrauterine adhesion after TCRS and further improve the fertility outcome.• MethodsA total of 243 patients with septate uterus who meet the inclusion criteria will be randomly assigned into three groups with 1:1:1 allocation ratio. Group A will be the control group without any application of anti-adhesion method after TCRS; the participants in group B will be inserted an intrauterine balloon stent after TCRS for one week; the participants in group C will take estradiol valerate (2mg, bid) for 2 months after the surgery. A second-look hysteroscopy will be carried out after two menstrual cycles after the surgery to evaluate the intrauterine condition. Pregnancy outcomes, particularly the live birth rate, will be followed for at least one year.• DiscussionThis study will be the first well-powered clinical trial to assess the effectiveness of the anti-adhesion barrier or a certain dose of estrogen to prevent intrauterine adhesion after TCRS and further improve the fertility outcome. Our findings will guide the clinical care of patients after TCRS.Trial registration: ChiCTR, ChiCTR2000032061. Registered on Apr 19, 2020, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=52499
A Broadband Dual Circularly Polarized Compact Printed Monopole Antenna
Authors: Saini Rohit Kumar
Published: April 2021

A microstrip line –fed broadband dual circular polarized, two port printed monopole antenna is presented. The antenna consists of a ground plane with arrow shaped stub at the corner and a pair of inverted L-shaped feed lines. The 3dB axial ratio bandwidth of the antenna is about 58%(1.7GHz-3.1GHz) in which the return loss and isolation are better than 10dB and 12dB respectively. A parametric study of proposed antenna’s geometric parameters is given for understanding of the antenna performance. The realize gain, reflection coefficient (S 11 ) and transmission coefficient (S 21 ) are higher than 1, 10 and 12dB respectively within the entire axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW).
Systematic Literature Review of Real-World Evidence of C Eftolozane/Tazobactam for the Treatment of Respiratory Infections
Authors: Puzniak Laura , Dillon Ryan , Palmer Thomas , Collings Hannah , Enstone Ashley
Published: April 2021

Background: Gram-negative nosocomial pneumonia (NP), including hospital-acquired bacterial pneumonia (HABP), ventilated HABP (vHABP), and ventilator-associated bacterial pneumonia (VABP), is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Common pathogens, including Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are highly prevalent in healthcare settings and have few effective treatment options due to high rates of antibacterial resistance. Resistant pathogens are associated with significantly worse outcomes and higher costs, relative to patients with susceptible infections. Ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T) has established efficacy in clinical trials of patients with NP. This review aimed to collate data on C/T use for HABP/vHABP/VABP infections in real-world clinical practice. Methods: This systematic literature review searched online biomedical databases for real-world studies of C/T for gram-negative respiratory tract infections (RTIs) up to June 2020. Relevant study, patient, and treatment characteristics, microbiology, and efficacy outcomes were captured.Results: Thirty-three studies comprising 658 patients were identified. Pneumonia was the most common infection C/T was used to treat (85%), with a smaller number of unspecified RTIs (9%) and tracheobronchitis (5%) reported. Data on severity of illness and comorbidity were inconsistently reported. The majority of patients had respiratory infections caused by P. aeruginosa (92.8%), of which 88.1% were multidrug-resistant (including extensively drug-resistant or pandrug-resistant). Examination of these studies demonstrated an increase in the percentage of patients receiving the recommended dose of C/T for respiratory infections (3 g q8h or renal impairment-adjusted) over time (36.8% of patients in 2017 to 71.5% in 2020). Clinical success rates ranged from 51.4–100%, with 10 studies (55.6% of studies reporting clinical success) reporting clinical success rates of >70%; microbiological success rates ranged from 57.0–100.0%, with three studies (60.0% of studies reporting microbiological success) reporting microbiological success rates of >70%. Thirty-day mortality ranged from 0.0–33.0%, with nine studies (90% of studies reporting mortality) reporting 30-day mortality of <30%. Conclusions: The studies identified in this review demonstrate that C/T shows similar outcomes as those seen in clinical trials, despite the higher frequency of multidrug-resistant pathogens, and comorbidities/conditions that may have been excluded from the trials.
SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant of concern detected in a pet dog and cat after exposure to a person with COVID-19, USA
Authors: Hamer Sarah , Ghai Ria , Zecca Italo B. , Auckland Lisa D. , Roundy Christopher M. , Davila Edward , Busselman Rachel E. , Tang Wendy , Pauvolid-Correa Alex , Killian Mary Lea , Jenkins-Moore Melinda , Torchetti Mia Kim , Austerman Suelee Robbe , Lim Ailam , Akpalu Yao , Fischer Rebecca S. B. , Behravesh Casey Barton , Hamer Gabriel L.
Published: April 2021

As part of a longitudinal household transmission study of pets living with persons with COVID-19 in Texas, two pets were confirmed to be infected with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 variant of concern (VOC). The pets were a dog and a cat from the same household, sampled two days after their owner tested positive for COVID-19. The oral, nasal, and fur swabs for both pets tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 by qRT-PCR and consensus whole genome sequences from the dog and cat were 100 % identical and matched the B.1.1.7 VOC. Virus was isolated from the cat’s nasal swab. One month after initial detection of infection, the pets were re-tested twice at which time only the fur swabs (both pets) and oral swab (dog only) remained positive, and neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 were present in both animals. Sneezing by both pets was noted by the owner in the weeks between initial and follow-up testing. This study documents the first detection of B.1.1.7. in companion animals in the United States, and the first genome recovery and isolation of B.1.1.7 variant of concern globally in any animal.
Effective health service planning and delivery: A qualitative case study exploring health service users perspectives
Authors: Marme Gigil
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Healthcare service is an essential determinant to population health. This qualitative case study aims to explore health service users’ perspective of effective health services delivery and the current challenges affecting the management and delivery of health services at a primary healthcare facility in Madang Province, Papua New Guinea (PNG). Methods: Qualitative data were collected using semi-structured interviews with key informants (KI) representing academics, undergraduate students, administration staff, patients and healthcare workers. The interviews covered three main areas: users’ views of effective health services, current challenges affecting effective planning and management of primary healthcare services, and interventions to improve health services planning and delivery. Results: The services users associated effective health services delivery with increased availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality healthcare. Many factors exist to influence the effective planning and delivery of health services. The results show that health systems and personal factors have a major influence on the planning and health services delivery. Conclusion: The findings from this study call for an evaluation of the current healthcare system, particularly at the primary healthcare level, as the primary point of contact to the formal healthcare system, and the need for developing a contextual model of healthcare that meet the needs of the service users. We concluded that if health services users’ perspectives are considered in health policy, the local community may experience significant improvement in health status.
Comparison of Outcomes and Side Effects for Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy with Weekly Cisplatin and Paclitaxel Followed by Chemoradiation versus Chemoradiation Alone in Stage IIB-IVA Cervical Cancer: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Li Jing , Cai Rong , Liu Hua , Shen Lifei , Long Wenqing , Yang Chenmin , Li Ya , Xu Haoping , Xi Wenqi , Feng Weiwei
Published: April 2021

Background

Currently, the standard treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer is concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT). The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced cervical cancer is controversial. Studies have shown that the addition of a weekly regimen of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by CCRT may be superior to a triweekly regimen of NACT and CCRT. Among patients who had not received prior cisplatin, a cisplatin and paclitaxel (TP) regimen resulted in longer overall survival than other regimens. This study aims to investigate the feasibility, safety and efficacy of NACT with weekly TP followed by CCRT.
Methods

This is a prospective, randomized, open-labeled, multicentered Phase III study with a sample size of 300. Patients with IIB-IVA cervical cancer will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to one of two intervention arms. Study arm: patients will receive dose-dense cisplatin (40 mg/m2) and paclitaxel (60 mg/m2) weekly for 4 cycles followed by CCRT (45 Gy in 5 weeks concurrent with cisplatin 40 mg/m2 weekly) plus image-guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGBRT). Control arm: patients will undergo CCRT treatment. The primary endpoints of the study are overall survival rate and disease-free response rate; the secondary endpoint is the response rate 3 months after treatment completion; the tertiary endpoints are grade 3–4 adverse effects and quality of life; and potential biomarkers for predicting treatment response will also be studied.
Conclusions

The data gathered from the study will be used to determine whether NACT with weekly TP followed by CCRT may become an optimized treatment for locally advanced cervical cancer.
Trial Registration

Chinese clinical trial registry, ChiCTR1900025327; http://www.chictr.org.cn. Registered 24 August 2019 - Retrospectively registered, medresman.org.cn/ChiCTR1900025326
Does Flooding Define the Aquapelago? Constructing Venice’s flood disaster risk personality
Authors: Kelman Ilan
Published: April 2021

Part of Venice’s character and appeal is sometimes constructed and construed as being not just about water, but also about the role which flood management plays, especially avoiding floods. A ‘disaster risk personality’ is created regarding water-land interaction, based mainly on avoiding inundation. This paper explores the construction of this approach for Venice’s flood disaster risk personality through a conceptual examination of Venice as an aquapelago to understand water-land links and separations. With this baseline, three decision-making lessons for Venice’s flood disaster risk personality are detailed: (i) the dynamicity of the water-land interface and hence the aquapelago, (ii) the impact of structural approaches on disaster risk personality, and (iii) the implications of submergence. While non-structural approaches to flood risk management tend to have the best long-term successes in averting flood disasters, Venice has chosen the opposite approach of constructing a large barrier, substantively changing its disaster risk personality. This choice is not inherently positive or negative, with the desirability and usefulness being subjective and based on the (flood) disaster risk personality sought for the locale.
‘Mappy’ Imageries of the Watery City: The cartographic figure of the Venice Lagoon across epochs and media
Authors: Rossetto Tania
Published: April 2021

Adopting a cultural approach to cartographic repertoires, this carto-essay highlights the immense visual heritage of the Venetian Lagoon in order to extrapolate a series of ‘mappy’ images that have given shape to the cartographic figure of the city on water. In light of the current convergence of visual culture and cartography, and by adopting visual juxtapositions, the article evokes different cartographic variations of the watery city: from the city sitting on the sea to the city sitting on the lagoon, from the port city to the archipelago, from the maritime city to the (wet) landscape city par excellence. This contribution thus proposes a journey across a range of Venetian cartographic imageries, which include different media and epochs, as well as different genres and registers, from the majestic to the banal, and from the dramatic to the ironic, thus also moving across the different cartographic moods associated with the watery city. As Juergen Schulz used to say during the 1970s while he was investigating modern-age Venetian cartography, the map is not always a map: in past times, the map was often a vehicle for nongeographical ideas. Even today, maps are ideas, they are ways of knowing, thinking and acting, they hold cultural meaning and political messages, but also hopeful imaginings. Indeed, cartographic representations of and rhetoric about the Venetian Lagoon are carried out by different actors, thus contributing to a process of continuous re-figuration and de/re-centralisation of the lagoonal space.
Far From Gentrification and Touristification? Residents’ perceptions of displacement on Murano Island
Authors: Bertocchi Dario , Ferri Camilla
Published: April 2021

Murano, an island in Venetian Lagoon, is world-renowned for its historical glassmaking industry. In the last decades, similarly to what is happening in central Venice, Murano has seen a significant decrease in its population and a reduction of its traditional activities, both being connected to broader tourism gentrification dynamics. Prompted by this, the authors devised and circulated a wide-ranging questionnaire that aimed to investigate the economic, social, and territorial factors affecting people’s quality of life on the island. The questionnaire was completed by almost 15% of Murano’s residents and one aspect that it captured was various inhabitants’ perceptions of issues concerned with tourism gentrification, which we analysed using Cocola-Gant’s (2018) concepts of residential, commercial, and place-based displacement. We found that Muranese residents these dynamics most keenly when they impact their daily life on the island, and they are concerned about the loss of the identity of places they know and live in. We conclude by affirming that this situation is not irreversible, and that policy makers can act to address it.
Against Ruskin: Joseph and Elizabeth Pennell’s recasting of Venice
Authors: Bainbridge William
Published: April 2021

The images of Venice by Philadelphian Joseph Pennell (1857-1926) have never really escaped from James McNeill Whistler’s long shadow. His etchings, drawings, pastels, and lithographs all show the influence of the master. Together with his wife, Elizabeth Robins Pennell (1855-1936), he would publish a two-volume biography of his friend (1908). Their allegiance to Whistler and the Barbaro Circle brought the Pennells to endorse a new image of Venice away from the hegemonic cult of Ruskin pervasive in tourist and travel books about the city. This article seeks to reassess the contribution of both Pennells to this group of erudite intellectuals and reconsider their promotion of a more truthful and intimate representation of Venice beyond the mass of tourists and polished marble façades. Its special focus is on the Pennells’ – Elizabeth’s in particular – antagonistic relationship with Ruskin, whose iconic The Stones of Venice had mourned a city forever lost to tourists, over-restoration, and the onslaught of the railroad.
The Role of Water and Tourism Management in Venice and New Orleans
Authors: Balan Nina , Bordelon Bridget
Published: April 2021

This article examines the similarities and differences between New Orleans, USA, and Venice, Italy – two coastal cities built on river sediment that are extremely vulnerable to rising sea levels and climate change. In addition to their proximity to water, both cities are characterised by a strong economic dependence on the tourism and hospitality industry. Their adaption to increasing climate change requires different approaches and strategies which have survived progressive degradation during the last centuries. In both cases, various anthropogenic, morphologic factors and global changes have contributed to coastal erosion. Both cities' tourism numbers exceed carrying capacity and potentially pose a risk to local community well-being. The study aims to illustrate how adaptation and mitigation policies (or lack thereof) have evolved in these two international cities and develop new mitigation strategies to minimise negative impacts on the tourism economy and infrastructure.
Fig. 5. The portion of Mimusops andongensis suitable areas covered by protected areas, under current (A) and future projections in 2050 under (B) CNRM-CM5 and (C) HadGEM2-ES model climates with scenario RCP8.5, and (D) CNRM-CM5 and (E) HadGEM2-ES model climates with scenario RCP4.5.
Authors: K.Sinasson Gisèle , Shackleton Charlie M. , Teka Oscar , Sinsin Brice
Published: April 2021

Understanding the niche and
habitat requirements of useful and threatened species, their shifts under climate
change and how well protected areas (PAs) preserve these habitats is relevant
for guiding sustainable management actions. Here we assessed the ecological
factors underlying the distribution of two multipurpose and threatened species, Mimusops andongensis and M. kummel, in Benin, and potential changes in the suitable
habitats covered by PAs, under climate change scenarios. Fifty seven occurrence
points were collected for M. andongensis and 81 for M. kummel.
Smart glucometers: revolution in diabetes management
Authors:   RM Analytics, Prozherina Yuliya
Published: April 2021

The rapid spread of diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the global health challenges around the world. In Russia, the number of registered patients reached 5.1 million in 2020 [1]. Today, it does not raise doubts that achieving good glycaemic control prevents or significantly reduces the risk of development and progression of chronic complications in patients with diabetes. With advances in technology, “smart” glucometers have been launched, significantly expanding options in diabetes management [2].
Accessibility and Utilization of Tuberculosis Directly Observed Therapy in Primary Health Care Facilities in Katsina State, North West Nigeria
Authors: Suleiman Yahaya Shamsuddeen
Published: April 2021

Tuberculosis is a public health problem in Katsina state. Previous effort to decrease the burden of TB was substantially targeted at the secondary and tertiary level of care. The new strategy calls for the decentralization of DOTS at the PHC level. This study assessed the resources for diagnosis and treatment of TB, utilization of services in PHC facilities in Katsina state. The study design was a cross-sectional descriptive study and it enrolled 225 TB patients in 32 health facilities through a multi-stage sampling technique. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to obtain data from respondents. Qualitative data were also collected using KII. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20-software package. For the qualitative aspect, content analysis was done for KII. Of the Health facilities studied 7 (28%) were diagnostic centres while 25 (72%) were treatment (intake) centres. The mean age of TB patients was 39+13 years also the mean duration since the commencement of treatment was 3 months. The mean duration time before reaching the hospital was 39 + 27 minutes. The majority (98.5%) of TB patients had easy access to a health facility. About one third (34.4%) of the health facilities had and were using a microscope. In conclusion, the study revealed that resources for TB diagnosis were not adequate in most of the health facilities. However, resources for TB treatment were sufficient. The state government should provide more support in making TB resources adequate in all facilities.
Point of Care (POC) for Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) in Nigeria? Healthcare Workers Opinion
Authors: Olusegun Busari
Published: April 2021

Without access to life-saving drugs, including antiretroviral, about one-third of HIV exposed infants (HEI) will die by age 1 year and 50% by age 2 years. A 75% reduction in disease progression and 76% reduction in HIV mortality in infants has been attributed to early diagnosis of HIV and early commencement on ART. Early Infant Diagnosis (EID) of HIV aids timely commencement on antiretroviral therapy (ART). Several challenges have been identified with the current process. Point of care (POC) technologies are recommended as a veritable means of addressing these challenges and improving EID uptake. With the aim of assessing the standard of care and the acceptability of POC for the provision of EID. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted across eight healthcare facilities in Nigeria. The survey was conducted among 72 healthcare workers using self-administered questionnaire; with a recovery rate of 61(84.7%). Analysis of participants’ responses indicate that 100% of the respondents believes there is a need for EID. Most respondent reported an average turnaround time (TAT) of 3-4 weeks (35.8%) and >6 weeks (34.0%). Most respondents identified distance to the PCR laboratories (45.7%) and long TAT (34.8%) as key issues affecting the conduct of EID. On the benefit of POC for EID; 90.2% of respondent believe it is beneficial; while 81.5% of respondent believe that with the introduction and use of POC for EID there will be an increase in EID uptake. The POC is a viable and acceptable alternative for EID to increase uptake.
Health Risk Associated with Near-Road Ambient Air Concentration of Particulate Matter in Mukono Municipal Council, Uganda
Authors: Mukooza Edward Kibikyo
Published: April 2021

More than 98% of urban centres exceeding 100,000 people in Low and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), do not meet the WHO air quality limits. Data on air pollution from LMICs is scarce. We measured the mean concentrations of near-road PM2.5 in the period of Aug.-Dec. 2020, described the Mukono Municipality’s near-road populations’ exposure to PM2.5, and assessed the associated health risk. PurpleAir PA-II laser particle counters, measured near-road ambient air PM2.5 concentration in Mukono Municipality during the period of 09/1/20 to 12/04/20. Excel Toolpak was used for data analysis and the health risk assessed with the WHO AirQ+ tool. The mean ambient near–road PM2.5 in Mukono Municipality were 30.97, 33.84 and 47.74 ug/m3for background, near-unpaved and near-paved roads, respectively. Mukono Municipality’s population was exposed to ambient PM2.5 concentrations higher than the WHO annual limit of 10 ug/m3. This level of air pollution is associated with preventable annual premature deaths of up to 133.11 per 100,000 population. Vehicles were assumed to be the predominant source of near-road ambient air PM2.5 pollution. The Municipality’s population was exposed to near-road ambient air PM2.5 exceeding the WHO annual limit by as much as *4.7 for the paved roads, *3.3 for the unpaved roads and *3 for the background. This leads to increased risk of preventable premature deaths in the Municipality.Mukono Municipality could monitor PM2.5; guide developers to placebuildings more than 100 meters away from roadsides and should promotepolicies for newer vehicles on Ugandan roads.
Assessing Factors Contributing to Erratic Water Supply in Peri Urban Areas. A Case Study of Chazanga Compound in Lusaka
Authors: Zulu Reuben Lazarus
Published: April 2021

According to World Health Organisation, one person needs 20 litres of water per day for physiological and domestic purposes. However, in some places people received little or no water at all. This was the case of Chazanga compound where some households experienced erratic water supply daily. Erratic water supply resulted in people drawing water from shallow wells which were usually contaminated. Consumption of contaminated water led to diarrhoeal diseases. This prompted for research to be conducted in Chazanga compound. The main objective was to establish the factors contributing to erratic water supply in Chazanga compound. A questionnaire was administered to 397 households. The generated data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. The results revealed that the problem of erratic water supply was real in Chazanga Compound. The other factors were poor management by the water supplier, high demand due to population growth and high cost of water. Erratic water supply in Chazanga made residents resort to drawing water from shallow wells, resulting in the increase in diarrhoea cases. The study further revealed that to avert the erratic water supply, the supplier needed to repair all leaking water distribution pipes, sink more boreholes and erect a bigger water reservoir. The other recommendations were to fit bigger distribution pipes, construct more communal taps, and improve the management of water supply by the water suppliers. The purpose of this research was to have an improved supply of safe and adequate water in Chazanga compound.
Appraisal of Nature of Capacity Building Programs of HIV/AIDS Supply Chain Workforce in Nigeria
Authors: Aguora Sunday O
Published: April 2021

This study on appraisal of nature of capacity building programs of HIV/AIDS supply chain workforce in Nigeria involved cross-sectional observational design. A pre-tested self-completion structured questionnaire was administered to 422 participants drawn from HIV/AIDS supply chain workforce. The survey had a response rate of 396(93.8%). The reliability statistics showed the questionnaire is reliable for nature of capacity building programs, Cronbach alpha (α = 0.886). On-the-job training was the most predominant capacity building approach, while task shifting and fellowship program were the least used. The study revealed nature of capacity building of HIV/AIDS supply chain workforce comprised of on-the-job training, short courses, residential training, field-based, work-based, in-service, pre-service and e-learning trainings as leading strategies and excellent in strengthening HIV/AIDS supply chain workforce capacity, mean ± standard deviation score (3.774 ± 0.9882) on a Likert scale of 1-5 (5-point scale). Others included collaboration, university-based model, mentorship, task shifting and fellowship program. Inferential statistics revealed that Managers and Directors with postgraduate qualification have more benefit from the capacity building programs (p<0.05). Whilst age, sex and years of experience have no effect on the capacity building programs of HIV/AIDS supply chain workforce (p>0.05). Chi-square statistic revealed that nature of capacity building program is a significant factor of HIV/AIDS supply chain workforce capacity (p<0.05). Effective capacity building programs are central to the improvement of HIV/AIDS supply chain systems and responsiveness.
Is Social Story™ an Evidence-Based Practice? A Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Descriptive Analysis Study
Authors: OLÇAY Seray , KIYAK Üzeyir Emre , TOPER KORKMAZ Özlem
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Debates about the evidence-base for social stories™ (SSs) have been ongoing and meta-analysis studies show that SSs are not an evidence-based practice. Method: We conducted a descriptive and meta-analysis research by evaluating studies in which SSs were used both to increase appropriate behaviors and decrease inappropriate behaviors published until June 2020. We reviewed seven studies, which used single-case designs and published in internationally peer-reviewed journals and also met criteria for quality indicators for single-subject designs. We calculated the effect sizes of these seven studies by using the improvement rate difference (IRD). Findings: The results of our study show that the effect sizes of the included studies are large and SSs meet 5-3-20 rule by scarcely. The findings of our study also demonstrate that dependent variables of research examined the effectiveness of social story were increasing appropriate behaviors. Moreover, the overwhelming majority of the participants of the research were primary school age children and had autism spectrum disorders diagnosis. Discussion: Our study demonstrate that social story is an evidence-based practice. However, future research is required to examine the effectiveness of social story on individuals with different developmental disabilites, in different age groups. Besides, there is still a need for qualified research to strengthen the evidence-base of SSs.
Wpływ uzależnień na ważność małżeństwa kanonicznego
Authors: Krajczyński Jan
Published: April 2021

L’auteur aborde une question de l’influence des toxicomanies sur la validité de mariage canonique. Il fixe son attention sur l’alcoolisme. En analysant des sentences dans les causes de nullité de mariage ob alcoholismum, rendues par le Tribunal de la Rote Romaine après le 27 novembre 1983, il traite successivement des éléments suivants: l’exactitude des juges dans l’utilisation des termes relatifs aux conséquences de la consommation d’alcool, et la richesse des outils de langage par lesquels ils déterminent dans le cas particulier d’un problème d’alcool et son conséquence de droit; les symptômes de l’alcoolisme aigu et l’alcoolisme chronique, les chefs de nullité du mariage invoqués pour contester la validité du mariage ob alcoholismum, la démonstration dans les causes en déclaration de nullité de mariage ob alcoholismum.
"Favor matrimonii i certitudo moralis" (kan. 1608 § 4) – strukturalne filary teleologii procesu o nieważność małżeństwa
Authors: Pastwa Andrzej
Published: April 2021

Die Wahrheitszielrichtung, die in kanonischen Rechtssystem grundlegend ist und den Zweck der Rechtssprechung in der Kirche bestimmt, kommt im Begriff der moralischen Gewissheit zum Vorschein. Es handelt sich um einen bedeutsamen Begriff, der auf der Ebene vom Prozessrecht völlig unersetzlich ist. Dieser Artikel wurde u. a. als einen Antwortversuch auf die Frage beabsichtigt, in welcher Weise die Kodexnorm des c. 1608 § 4 eine genauere Erklärung im Art. 247 Dignitas connubii gewonnen hat. In der Ausarbeitung des Thema wurde versucht die Logik von der operativen Begegnung – auf derselben Ebene des favor veritatis – von zwei wesentlichen Prinzipien: favor matrimonii und certitudo moralis zu erläutern. Als wahrhaft instruktiv in dieser Hinsicht hat sich die päpstliche Magisterium erwiesen, besonders vom Pius XII und Johannes Paul II. Aus der Untersuchung der RotaAnsprache 2004 geht eindeutig hervor, dass favor matrimonii als eine Prinzip, die alle Vorschriften des Eherechts inspiriert – konsequent und konstant in einer Perspektive vom ius connubii ist wahrzunehmen und zu proklamieren (nicht nur auf dem Niveau favor iuris „antecedens”, sondern auch favor iuris „consequens”). Motto und Fabel der zweiten Rota-Ansprache des Papstes Johannes Paul II. 1980, die die moralische Gewißheit als Prinzip von der kirchlichen Rechtssprechung in Erinnerung gebracht habe, ist eine Bejahung der Relevanz der berühmten Maxime: Veritas est basis, fundamentum seu mater iustitiae. Überaus lehrreich hat sich die Untersuchung des Inhalts dieser Rota-Ansprache gezeigt sowie eine autoritative Empfehlung, die dort ausgedrückt wurde: „Pius XII. hat [in der Ansprache an die Rota vom 1. Oktober 1942] in einer authentischen Auslegung den kanonischen Begriff certitudo moralis erklärt“.
Zagadnienie nierówności społecznej w "De Gubernatione Dei" Salwiana z Marsylii : aspekty prawne
Authors: Wójcik Monika
Published: April 2021

Salvian both recognized and censured social inequality, however, without transposing his critical attitude onto the relationship between freemen and slaves. For Salvian, this relationship was a point of reference, though indirect, to the relationship between man and God. Salvian considered the characteristics commonly attributed to slaves against the backdrop of Christian duties before God. When it comes to the situation of slaves, some Salvian’s opinions on the lord’s ius vitaenecisque are in conflict with the existing law, as, for instance, some provisions safeguarding slaves against owners’ abuse or lawlessness. Yet, such provisions might not have been fully observed in practice. Salvian recognizes some undeniable Roman flaws when examining the issue of exploitation of the poor by the rich. The main Salvian’s objections relate to both excessive financial burden laid on citizens by the state, as well as to the wealthy shifting the tax encumbrance to the needy. State legislation took some measures to remedy this situation, but, as follows from Salvian’s account, these regulations remained a dead letter. Salvian repeatedly touches on the problem of the ineffective state apparatus. In Salvian’s opinion, in the aftermath of the unjust state financial system, many Roman citizens fled to become the subjects of the barbarian rule. Salvian attributed ill intentions and oppression of the poor to the councillors; it was largely due to their tax collection powers. As follows from Salvian’s account, the councillors’ assumption of the function of tax collectors was to the significant detriment of social relations in cities. The author briefly reviews their role with the maxim: quot curiales, tot tyranni. Not infrequently, Salvian’s considerations seem rather selective, particularly with respect to the socio-political situation. In his opinion, the Roman Empire of the 5th century faced a dramatic economic slump, first, due to the barbarian invasions, and second, due to the poor administration.
Odpowiednie wynagrodzenie duchownych w Kodeksie Prawa Kanonicznego z 1983 r. : analiza kan. 281 §1
Authors: Kantor Robert
Published: April 2021

La remuneración de los clérigos pasó por un examen detenido atento durante la celebración del Concilio Vaticano II. El servicio eclesial de los clérigos es un ministerio y no una profesión. (PO, 20) En el Presbyterorum Ordinis se recuerda a los presbíteros cómo deben “usar de los bienes temporales para aquellos fines que, de acuerdo con la doctrina de Cristo Señor y de la ordenación de la Iglesia, es lícito destinarlos” y, tras esta llamada general pasa a distinguir y regular más cuidadosamente el uso de los bienes temporales por parte de los clérigos. La disciplina vigente sobre nuestra materia ha sufrido una transformación como consecuencia del impulso conciliar. El c. 281 § 1 establece el derecho fundamental del clérigo a una remuneración congrua o conveniente. Dicho canon formula un claro derecho del clérigo a la congrua remuneración. El titulr de este derecho es fiel cristiano que validamente ha recibido, al menos, el orden del diaconado, se dedica, o se ha dedicado a un ministerio eclesiástico. ¿Quien es responsable del cumplimiento del derecho a la remuneración? El código afirma la obligación que tiene comunidad eclesial. También el obispo diocesano es el responsable del cumplimiento efectico de este derecho clerical. Concluyendo hay que decir, de que el ordenamiento canónico actual ha asumido las principales directrices conciliares en materia de remuneración a los cléricos que estén dedicados al servicio de la caridad cristiana mediante el ejercicio de un ministerio eclesial. Este derecho clerical tiene que usarse según la doctrina de la Iglesia sobre el uso de los bienes temporales por parte de los clérigos. El derecho a la justa remuneración de los clérigos sigue desarrollandose en el contexto eclesial y personal.
Tajemnica przysposobienia a przeszkoda pokrewieństwa: odnotowanie adopcji w księdze ochrzczonych (kan. 877 §3)
Authors: Majer Piotr
Published: April 2021

El contenido de este artículo expone la cuestión de la inscripción de los hijos adoptados en el registro parroquial de bautismos. La prescripción del can. 877 § 3 contiene algunas líneas generales sobre esta materia, remitiendo al mismo tiempo a la legislación civil y las reglas de la conferencia episcopal del país. Puesto que la Conferencia Episcopal Polaca no ha dado ninguna norma al respecto y la praxis en las diócesis polacas es bastante diferenciada, el autor, una vez expuestas las normas del ordenamiento polaco en esta materia, presenta varias soluciones recibidas pos las conferencias episcopales de distintos países, haciendo unas propuestas de lege ferenda. Para prevenir la nulidad matrimonial por el impedimento del parentesco, protegiendo al mismo tiempo el debido secreto, se propone que los certificados del bautismo que se entregan al interesado contengan sólo los datos de los adoptantes, en cambio los nombres de los padres biológicos se proporcionarán de forma confidencial al párroco competente de realizar la investigación matrimonial.
Przestępstwo podsłuchiwania (nagrywania) spowiedzi oraz rozpowszechnianie jej treści w środkach społecznego przekazu w świetle prawodawstwa Kościoła katolickiego
Authors: Wróbel Mirosław
Published: April 2021

L’articolo presenta il problema del delitto più grave consistente nella registrazione o nella divulgazione con i mezzi di comunicazione sociale delle cose che vengono dette dal confessore o dal penitente. Inizialmente l’articolo illustra l’evoluzione della problematica nel diritto canonico. Nel diritto canonico ci sono tre simili regolazioni riguardanti questo problema (anno 1973, 1988 e 2010). La legge del 2010 – ultima regolazione – stabilisce che Congregazione per la Dottrina della Fede è riservato il delitto più grave consistente nella registrazione, fatta con qualunque mezzo tecnico, o nella divulgazione con i mezzi di comunicazione sociale svolta con malizia, delle cose che vengono dette dal confessore o dal penitente nella confessione sacramentale, vera o falsa. Colui che commette questo delitto, sia punito secondo la gravità del crimine, non esclusa la dimissione o la deposizione, se è un chierico. Dall’altra parte l’articolo presenta le considerazioni sul tema di interpretazione di verbo latino captare. Negli studi canonici troviamo trattate due ipotesi sul tema questo verbo. Alcuni canonisti dicono che captare significa registrare, altri spiegano che captare significa captazione. L’autore ha considerato le conseguenze pastorali riguardanti questa problematica.
"Violatio legis" w świetle wyroku Najwyższego Trybunału Sygnatury Apostolskiej c. Castillo Lara z 22 sierpnia 1987 r.
Authors: Białobrzeski Tomasz
Published: April 2021

„Dos decretos del Obispo diocesano, uno suprimiendo una Asociación eclesiástica, y otro atribuyendo la propiedad de un edificio, desde el punto de vista canónico, a la Parroquia en la que estaba constituida la Asociación mencionada, llevan a ésta a interponer recurso ante el propio Obispo para que revoque ambos decretos. Rechazada la petición, la Asociación interpone recurso administrativo contra los dos decretos ante el Consejo Pontificio para los laicos. El Dicasterio romano, después de estudiar el asunto, declara nulos los dos decretos del Obispo: la Asociación no puede ser suprimida por el Obispo ya que es laical, y el edificio en cuestión considera que es propiedad de la Asociación. Ante la resolución del Consejo Pontificio el Obispo Diocesano interpone recurso ante la Sección Segunda de la Signatura Apostólica. Este Tribunal Supremo, en sentencia emitida por el Consejo de Cardenales, actuando de Ponente el Cardenal Castillo Lara, decide que los dos decretos del Obispo Diocesano son válidos y lícitos: la Asociación en cuestión, en efecto, es eclesiástica (aprobada y reconocida por la Iglesia) y no meramente laical, por lo cual puede ser suprimida por el Obispo; la casa en litigio fue comprada por la Parroquia y pertenece a ella y no a la Asociación, sin que, en modo alguno, la Asociación pueda consi derarse administradora fiduciaria de pías voluntades y donaciones”.
The duty-right to apostolate (remarks on canon 211)
Authors: LE TOURNEAU DOMINIQUE
Published: April 2021

The faithful have the native right o proclaiming the faith, right which concerns first of all the whole Church, as it was reminded by the II Vatican Council. As far as the faithful are concerned, this duty-right is connected with can. 210 about sanctity of life and can. 225 §1 on working to expand the divine message of salvation throughout the entire world. The Author deals also with the notion of proselytism, which is not always correctly understand.Part II of the present work present “the actors of apostolate”. To exercise their function in the Church and in the world, their right to associate must be recognized and protected so that they be able to do individual apostolate, which does not prevent them from participating in the apostolate organised by the hierarchy of the church. Canon 211 appears to be an essential norm in the Code, and is a direct consequence of secularity of lay people. Anyway, the faithful are subject to a certain control by the diocesan bishop as moderator of the entire ministry of the Word (can. 756 § 2).Concluding, the Author deplore that a true protection of the rights of the faithful is still largely missingin the church.
Diritto canonico e diritti delle religioni
Authors: NACCI MATTEO
Published: April 2021

Il presente contributo, frutto della conferenza tenuta in occasione della 8° Giornata Canonistica Interdisciplinare, Diritto canonico tra fondamenti e prassi (a 10 anni da: “Novo Codice”), Pontificia Università Lateranense (Città del Vaticano, 5 marzo 2013), prende in esame il rapporto fra il diritto canonico e i diritti delle altre religioni. La prospettiva da cui partire è senz’altro la tradizione dell’Institutum Utriusque Iuris della Pontificia Università Lateranense circa lo studio del diritto delle religioni, aggiornata sulla base del Decreto Novo Codice di riforma degli studi canonistici, in relazione alle società multiculturali del terzo millennio.