bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Probing right-handed neutrinos via trilepton signals at the HL-LHC
Authors: Mitra Manimala , Saha Subham , Spannowsky Michael , Takeuchi Michihisa
Published: January 2025

Neutrino oscillation experiments have provided direct evidence for the existence of neutrino masses. The seesaw mechanism explains the smallness of these masses through the introduction of heavy right-handed neutrino (RHN) states. The RHN states can also generate Dirac neutrino masses at tree or loop level. These heavy states can exist at the electroweak scale, approximately in the O(GeV) range, and can be investigated through current and future collider experiments. This scenario, where other new physics interactions occur at scales much higher than the RHN scale, can be described using an effective field theory (EFT) framework known as NR-EFT. This study focuses on constraining the Wilson coefficients of NR-EFT operators, which primarily contribute to trilepton production and missing energy signals at the LHC. We examine both the scenarios where the RHN mass MN is less than and greater than the W boson mass MW, and provide predictions for the High-Luminosity run of the LHC.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Schwinger particle production: Rapid switch off of the external field versus dynamical assistance
Authors: Aleksandrov I. A. , Sevostyanov D. G. , Shabaev V. M.
Published: January 2025

We consider the process of electron-positron pair production in the presence of strong electric backgrounds being rapidly switched on and off and examine the total particle yield. For sufficiently sharp field profiles, the particle number can be substantially enhanced. It is demonstrated that this enhancement is quite similar to the phenomenon of dynamical assistance by a weak high-frequency field superimposed on a strong background. Both these mechanisms are analyzed by means of exact numerical computations, worldline instanton approach, and the locally constant field approximation. We identify the timescale of the switching profile leading to the pair-production enhancement and argue that the particle yield is highly unlikely to be increased by shaping the switch on and off of realistic laser pulses. On the other hand, we confirm that it is feasible to observe the dynamically assisted Schwinger effect by adding a rapidly oscillating field to a strong electric background.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Muon
g−2
: Blinding for data-driven hadronic vacuum polarization
Authors: Keshavarzi Alexander , Nomura Daisuke , Teubner Thomas , Wright Aidan
Published: January 2025

The KNTW (Keshavarzi-Nomura-Teubner-Wright) data-driven determinations of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) are crucial inputs to previous and future Standard Model (SM) predictions of the muon’s anomalous magnetic moment, aμ. With the muon g−2’s new physics case uncertain due to disagreeing HVP evaluations, new SM predictions and experimental measurements of aμ expected soon, and a complete revamp of the KNTW analysis framework underway, this Letter motivates and describes a blinding scheme for data-driven HVP determinations that has been implemented for future KNTW analyses.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Ultrarelativistic gravity and extremely energetic cosmic ray
Authors: Plyatsko R. , Fenyk M.
Published: January 2025

Two main factors are taken into account when describing the behavior of energetic cosmic rays near black holes: the strong magnetic field and gravity, which determines the geodesic motion of the particles. We draw attention to the third factor: since cosmic ray particles have a nonzero spin, the spin-gravity coupling can play an important role in the ultrarelativistic regime. The reaction of the spinning particle on the gravitomagnetic components of the field of the fast-moving Schwarzschild mass is considered. Some examples and numerical estimations are presented.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Potential quantum advantage for simulation of fluid dynamics
Authors: Li Xiangyu , Yin Xiaolong , Wiebe Nathan , Chun Jaehun , Schenter Gregory K. , Cheung Margaret S. , Mülmenstädt Johannes
Published: January 2025

Numerical simulation of turbulent fluid dynamics needs to either parametrize turbulence—which introduces large uncertainties—or explicitly resolve the smallest scales—which is prohibitively expensive. Here, we provide evidence through analytic bounds and numerical studies that a potential quantum speedup can be achieved to simulate fluid dynamics using quantum computing. Specifically, we provide a lattice Boltzmann formulation of fluid dynamics for which we give evidence that low-order Carleman linearization is much more accurate than previously believed for these systems. This is achieved via a combination of reformulating the Navier-Stokes nonlinearity (u·∇u) to lattice-Boltzmann nonlinearity (u2) and accurately linearizing the dynamical equations, which effectively trades nonlinearity for additional degrees of freedom that add negligible expense in the quantum solver. Based on this, we apply a quantum algorithm for simulating the Carleman-linearized lattice Boltzmann equation and provide evidence that its cost scales logarithmically with system size compared with polynomial scaling in the best known classical algorithms. In this paper, we suggest that a quantum advantage may exist for simulating fluid dynamics, paving the way for simulating nonlinear multiscale transport phenomena in a wide range of disciplines using quantum computing.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Laboratory-based x-ray phase contrast microscopy system for targeting in unstained soft-tissue samples
Authors: Esposito Michela , Schieber Nicole , Olivo Alessandro , Schwab Yannick , Endrizzi Marco
Published: January 2025

We propose an imaging system and methodology for mapping soft-tissue samples in three dimensions, with micron-scale and isotropic spatial resolution, with low-concentrations as well as in the absence of heavy metal staining. We used hard x-ray phase-contrast imaging for the x-ray ability to nondestructively probe the internal structure of opaque specimens and for enhanced contrast obtained by exploiting phase effects, even in cases with reduced or absent staining agents. To demonstrate its applicability to soft-tissue specimens, we built a compact system that is easily deployable in a laboratory setting. The imaging system is based on a conventional rotating anode x-ray tube and a state-of-the-art custom-made radiation detector. The systems performance is quantitatively assessed on a calibration standard. Its potential for soft-tissue microscopy is demonstrated on two biological specimens and benchmarked against gold-standard synchrotron data. We believe that the approach proposed here can be valuable as a bridging imaging modality for intravital correlative light and electron microscopy and be applied across disciplines where the three-dimensional morphology of pristine-condition soft tissues is a key element of the investigation.

Published by the American Physical Society
2025
Consumer acceptance of mobile wallet in the hospitality industry
Authors: Khan Salman , Zhang Qingyu
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study examines the drivers of consumers’ intentions to adopt mobile wallets in Pakistan’s hospitality industry. Specifically, it proposes and tests a model of non-user consumer intention to adopt mobile wallets for hospitality in Pakistan.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual framework grounded in the mobile technology acceptance model (MTAM) integrating personal innovativeness in IT, mobile perceived compatibility, perceived critical mass, perceived enjoyment, mobile perceived risk and mobile perceived wireless trust was used as a theoretical model of the study. Using structural equation modeling, we tested the research model and its relevant hypotheses on a sample of 310 mobile wallet nonusers.

Findings

Findings from the expanded model demonstrate that only four of the suggested hypotheses were insignificant in this study and require additional examination. Overall, the modified model explained 63% of the variance in the behavioral intention to adopt mobile wallets. This paper concludes with key implications and directions for future work concerning the limitations of this study.

Originality/value

This study contributes to a theoretical understanding of the factors that explain nonusers’ behavioral intention to use a mobile wallet in the hospitality context.
Agent-based modelling of credit card promotions
Authors: Hamill Conor Brian , Khraishi Raad , Gherghel Simona , Lawrence Jerrard , Mercuri Salvatore , Okhrati Ramin , Cowan Greig Alan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Interest-free promotions are a prevalent strategy employed by credit card lenders to attract new customers, yet the research exploring their effects on both consumers and lenders remains relatively sparse. Selecting an optimal promotion strategy is intricate, involving the determination of an interest-free period duration and promotion-availability window, all within the context of market dynamics and complex consumer behaviour. The purpose of this study is to develop an agent-based model to assist with determining optimal promotion strategies.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, we introduce a novel agent-based model that facilitates the exploration of various credit card promotions under diverse market scenarios.

Findings

Our experiments reveal that, in the absence of competitor promotions, lender profit is maximised by an interest-free duration of approximately 12 months, while market share is maximised by offering the longest duration possible. In the context of concurrent interest-free promotions, we identify that the optimal lender strategy entails offering a more competitive interest-free period and a rapid response to competing promotional offers. Notably, a delay of three months in responding to a rival promotion corresponds to a 2.4% relative decline in income.

Originality/value

Our model consists of multiple lender and consumer agents that interact through a novel set of mechanisms based on well-studied consumer behaviours. Distinct from previous works, our model adopts a realistic billing cycle with a focus on interest charged to revolving accounts and supports a range of lender promotion strategies. It is calibrated to historical benchmarks and validated against both stylised facts and time-series data, ensuring a realistic reflection of market behaviour, which has been neglected in prior studies.
Structural safety analysis of shield tunnels based on convergent deformation
Authors: Zhang Lei , Qu Chengkun , Zhang Shuzhan , Li Ying , Li Changjun , Lu Yuquan
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Damage to the pipe structure and increased bolt stress in operating tunnels will significantly affect the long-term stability of shield tunnels. However, due to the large number of segments and complex bolt installation methods, it is difficult to directly obtain the conditions of segments and bolts. Convergence deformation, as an important indicator for the health assessment of operating tunnels, is easy to collect and can directly reflect the structural state of tunnel segments and bolts.

Design/methodology/approach

Taking the typical sections of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 and Line 3 as an example, the current structural damage is simulated by monitoring tunnel convergence deformation. First, based on the disease data, the relationship between convergence deformation and segment leakage, segment misalignment as well as the longitudinal joint opening between two segments is analyzed statistically. The stress of bolts, steel bars and segments under different convergence deformations is simulated by Midas. Then a reinforcement measure of circumferential internal tension steel rings is proposed.

Findings

It is found that when the segment convergence exceeds 85 mm, although the overall force on the segment has not reached the material limit, there are certain safety risks in the structure. After comparison, the reinforcement measure has a relatively significant effect on controlling the lateral deformation of segments.

Originality/value

The results have important guiding significance for the evaluation of structural diseases, early warning and control of structural diseases at different convergence deformations.
Ethical value co-creation in circular economy ecosystems: a case study of the textile industry
Authors: Dziubaniuk Olga , Aarikka-Stenroos Leena
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this empirical study is to apply the industrial marketing and purchasing approach to explore ethical value co-creation and business ethics in the circular economy (CE) ecosystem (CEE) of the Finnish textile industry. A CEE involves a variety of business and institutional actors with shared business or societal targets. Ethical principles may become embedded in their first social interaction and can play an important supportive role in economic, environmental and social value co-creation, especially when the actors have sustainability goals.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a qualitative single-case study of a CEE in the Finnish textile industry where diverse actors seek to create value from circularity. The analysed data represent a set of interviews with business and institutional actors directly involved in managerial activities in the CEE of textile industry in Finland.

Findings

This study provides a conceptual framework of actors’ interactions and ethical value co-creation aimed at meeting CE and sustainability goals at the levels of actors, the network and the ecosystem. The findings emphasise the value of proactive collaboration among business and institutional actors seeking innovations, knowledge-sharing and business development in fostering more circular operations in the textile industry and thereby effecting the CE transition. Efficient interactions for value co-creation among actors can be grounded on ethical values such as trust, transparency, shared sustainability goals and the power to positively influence and motivate actors and even consumers to transition to CE principles.

Originality/value

An original research framework of ethical value co-creation is proposed in this study based on the combined concept of ethical embeddedness and ecosystem orchestration mechanisms to achieve sustainability and CE goals. This study contributes to the limited business ethics studies in circular business and CEE research and empirically examines business interactions among actors within a CE ecosystem. The managerial and policymaking implications of this study highlight the strategic importance of various actors’ interactions in implementing circularity in business processes.
An exploration in digital techniques to read Ainu textile patterns
Authors: Vargas Meza Xanat , Zhang Zhexin , Ochiai Yoichi
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study explores previous research related to textile management technologies, detecting gaps and opportunities for textiles made by Ainu people. We also propose an approach to digitally read Ainu textile patterns.

Design/methodology/approach

We employed indigenous and pluriversal design frameworks to evaluate textile pattern technologies. They were operationalised as Indigenous/local researchers involved in the investigation, multi-sensoriality of analysed items, prosperity for everyone involved, communal property of data, biological awareness, social complexity awareness and sensitivity of the analysed method if the items change.

Findings

Textile pattern technology researchers have mostly used neural networks and clustering methods. They have addressed social aspects since the 2000s. Investigations into the generation of textiles based in Poland constantly reflected the most pluriversal characteristics. Regarding Ainu textile research, most investigations have cited Indigenous sources. Two gaps emerged: the concentration of research datasets and results in enterprises or scholars and the focus on the formal characteristics of Ainu patterns in technical papers and contextual characteristics in ethnographic papers.

Research limitations/implications

Heritage management is increasingly employing technological tools that should consider the sustainability of handmade/artisanal goods. As most investigations on textile patterns are conducted by the industry, their benefits are limited for heritage conservation.

Practical implications

Therefore, we suggest digital experts work together with ethnography and Indigenous experts, proposing a method for digital reading of Ainu textile patterns that incorporates pluriversal aspects into heritage conservation.

Originality/value

Pluriversal design is a set of onthologies proposed with Indigenous, mestizo and minorities from the Americas that is currently being diffused in the rest of the world, highly compatible with the analysis of Indigenous heritage.
Economic policies, labour unions and voter turnout in the advanced industrial democracies
Authors: Nasser Shawky
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to study the impact of unionisation of voter turnout, with unionisation instrumented with a measure of the nature of economic policy.

Design/methodology/approach

The study made use of IV regression and panel data.

Findings

Using a nation-level panel of data relative to 20 advanced industrial democracies observed between 1960 and 2015, the empirical results of the IV regression of this paper show that economic policies determine the socio-economic conditions which influence the size of the labour unions, which, in turn, determine voter turnout.

Originality/value

No paper attempted to account for what influences unionisation when examining the relationship between unionisation and voter turnout.
Do prestige sensitivity and altruism moderate the effects of customers’ emotions on WOM? An investigation of luxury retailers
Authors: Yang Shaohua , Isa Salmi Mohd , Fan Yedan , Goh Edmund
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study adopts the stimulus–organism–response model to examine relationships between the retail environment and customers’ emotions (i.e. pleasure and arousal), prestige sensitivity and word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions towards two luxury retailers: Luxury Brand A and Luxury Brand B.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were obtained from a sample of 135 Chinese customers who had purchased Luxury Brand A and 130 Chinese customers who had purchased Luxury Brand B directly from each retailer. The relationships between these two retailers were compared via partial least squares–Henseler’s multi-group analysis (MGA).

Findings

Findings indicated that pleasure and arousal did not play mediating roles between the retail environment and WOM intention for either customer group. Prestige sensitivity did not moderate customers’ emotions about Luxury Brand A or Luxury Brand B. Altruism served as a moderator between emotions (i.e. pleasure/arousal) and WOM intention regarding Luxury Brand B but was not a significant moderator for Luxury Brand A. Additionally, MGA suggested non-significant differences between Luxury Brands A and B. Implications for the luxury retail literature and luxury marketers are provided accordingly.

Originality/value

This study is one of the earliest to examine the moderating roles of price sensitivity and altruism on associations between the retail environment and customers’ emotions, prestige sensitivity, and WOM intentions in a luxury retail context. An MGA of customers for Luxury Brand A and Luxury Brand B was innovatively performed to evaluate the proposed framework.
Perceived overqualification and service behavior: a moderated mediation model of nurses’ silence toward patient safety and praise from patients
Authors: Bochoridou Anna , Chatziioannou Anastasia , Gkorezis Panagiotis , Triantou Anastasia
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Using conservation of resources (COR) theory as our theoretical basis, we investigate how nurses’ perceived overqualification influences their service behavior. In doing so, we highlight nurses’ silence toward patient safety and praise from patients as a mediator and moderator, respectively.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected from 201 nurses employed in a Greek public hospital. To examine the present hypotheses, we used the PROCESS macro.

Findings

We found that nurses’ perceived overqualification affects their silence toward patient safety, which in turn leads to reduced levels of service behavior. Furthermore, praise from patients attenuated the relationship of perceived overqualification with nurses’ silence toward patient safety, such that this association was significant only when praise from patients was low. Similarly, the indirect linkage of perceived overqualification with service behavior through nurses’ silence toward patient safety was significant only for nurses who had low levels of praise from patients.

Originality/value

This is one of the few studies that examine the phenomenon of perceived overqualification in nursing. Specifically, the potential effect of nurses’ perceived overqualification on their service behavior has been neglected. In addition, less is known about how nurse-patient interaction mitigates or boosts nurses’ experience of overqualification. By investigating the mediating and moderating mechanisms, this study extends the existing literature regarding why and how perceived overqualification affects nurses’ service behavior. Based on our findings, we discuss implications for theory and practice.
The Information Age Publishing NASUP Student Research Award Winners 2024
Authors: Scoggin Bailey , Carlson Olivia Grace , Groth Lois
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This article highlights recent winners of the Information Age Publishing NASUP Student Research Award.

Design/methodology/approach

The article is written in an informative, narrative style.

Findings

Winners from 2024, Bailey Scoggin and Olivia Carlson, share information about their action research titled Kicking It Off Right with PDS Partnerships – Creating a Preservice Teacher Trauma-Informed Bootcamp.

Originality/value

This article draws additional attention to this exemplary partnership work and may inspire future nominations.
Pursuing student satisfaction in polytechnics: the roles of perceived service quality, perceived employability and perceived value
Authors: Ghozi Saiful , Kusumawati Andriani , Yulianto Edy , Utami Hamidah Nayati
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study aims to explore the relationship between perceived service quality, perceived employability, perceived value and student satisfaction. The study proposes a conceptual model linking these constructs by employing signalling theory and expectancy disconfirmation theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of 356 final-year students from four state polytechnics in East Java, Indonesia. This study tested the hypotheses using partial least squares-structural equation modelling. Referring to the multidimensional concept of all constructs, the structural equation model built in this study is a higher-order construct commonly called a hierarchical component model, with Type I (reflective-reflective) model classification.

Findings

The findings reveal that perceived service quality positively influences student satisfaction directly and indirectly via perceived employability and perceived value, both serving as complementary mediators. This dual pathway underscores the compounded impact of service quality on student satisfaction. Moreover, perceived employability significantly affects student satisfaction, highlighting its importance in educational service evaluation.

Practical implications

The implications for higher education institutions are practical and actionable, emphasising the need to enhance service quality and employability-related initiatives to improve student satisfaction.

Social implications

This research contributes to the theoretical discourse on student satisfaction by incorporating a psychological perspective, providing valuable insights for the design and delivery of educational services in polytechnics.

Originality/value

The study’s originality lies in integrating perceived employability into the student satisfaction model, offering a broader understanding of the psychological and contextual factors that influence student satisfaction in vocational higher education.
Co-creating the tourist’s experience with a French touch: the case of a perfume museum in Paris
Authors: Chiadmi Nour-Eddine , Souiden Nizar , Chaouali Walid , Chan Andrew
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The study aims to explain co-creation by exploring the relationships between people, processes, connection points, and artifacts within a museum context.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were gathered through in situ participant observations and semi-structured interviews. This research involved an international cohort of tourists, exploring their experiences at a Parisian destination service provider – a perfume museum.

Findings

The findings show an increasing willingness of museum visitors to be involved in all stages of the co-creation experience. They also highlight the key role played by service providers in facilitating the visitors’ involvement in the co-creation of their personal fragrance, allowing both parties to enhance their knowledge through interactions, which are likely to generate shared values. Nurturing this exchange promotes novelty and uniqueness of museum visiting experiences.

Research limitations/implications

This study offers several contributions to the existing body of knowledge on co-creating memorable museum visiting experiences. It highlights the importance of incorporating both human (i.e. visitors and museum staff) and non-human elements, such as processes, points of connection and artifacts, for successful co-creation. Also, this study argues that, in addition to organizational learning, visitors’ experienced outcomes can be categorized into three types: cognition-oriented, emotion-oriented and action-oriented outcomes.

Practical implications

Achieving success requires museums to adopt a fresh perspective toward visitors, engaging them in the co-creation process rather than merely regarding them as transient observers. Managers play a crucial role in fostering social connections by establishing channels of interaction to facilitate the exchange of knowledge between visitors and museums in both directions.

Originality/value

This study sheds light on how co-creation in a museum context can be achieved. In contrast to the model proposed by Payne et al. (2009), this study examines experienced outcomes through the viewpoints of both visitors and instructors/facilitators. In addition, most previous studies in the museum context focus on experience co-creation, highlighting its intangible and hedonic aspects such as entertainment and esthetics. This study expands this by incorporating a tangible element – creating a customized product (i.e. a perfume). Furthermore, it reveals that the emotions experienced extend beyond customer engagement, brand advocacy and pleasure to include pride, accomplishment and a sense of brand ownership.
Contained risk taking: teacher educator strategies for teaching hard history
Authors: Caldwell Karen Widger
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Because preservice teachers (PSTs) need effective strategies to address the risks of teaching hard history, teacher educators must select approaches and strategies for teaching PSTs how to avoid, contain, or embrace the risks of teaching hard history. The purpose of this study was to explore one teacher educator’s strategies for teaching PSTs how to contain the risks of teaching hard history.

Design/methodology/approach

This study reports partial findings from Phase I of a multiple case research study of PSTs during their secondary social studies methods class and student teaching experiences during the 2021–2022 academic year. Data included surveys, semi-structured interviews, non-participant observations, and documents.

Findings

Findings indicate that the teacher educator taught five strategies for containing risk while simultaneously enacting risk containment herself. Four of the risk containment strategies shared characteristics with prior research; one strategy, grounding teaching in the state social studies standards, is a novel strategy that adds to the existing body of research.

Originality/value

This study contributes to and extends the research on containing the risk of teaching hard history in secondary social studies. One strategy taught by the teacher educator, grounding teaching in the state social studies standards, adds to the body of scholarship on teacher educators’ strategies for containing the risks of teaching hard history.
Functional microbiome assembly in food environments: addressing sustainable development challenges
Authors: Gu Yao , Liu Tingting , Al‐Ansi Waleed , Qian Haifeng , Fan Mingcong , Li Yan , Wang Li
Published: January 2025

The global food system faces numerous challenges, creating an urgent need for sustainable reform. Functional microbiome assemblies offer transformative potential by endowing microbial foods with diverse, beneficial characteristics. These assemblies can dynamically influence specific food systems, positioning them as a promising approach for reshaping food production. However, the current applications and types of microbiome assemblies in foods remain limited, with a lack of effective screening and regulatory methods. This review introduces the functions and practical approaches for implementing microbiome assemblies in food systems alongside future directions for enhancing their applications. Several ecological studies evaluated how to regulate functional output and revealed that environmental conditions, which shape the niche for species survival, significantly influenced the functional output of microbiomes. Building on this theoretical foundation, this review presents a model for functional output comprising niche conditions, functional gene codes, and corresponding functional outputs. This model is illustrated with examples to explore sustainable applications and regulatory mechanisms for functional microbiome assemblies. By highlighting the roles of functional outputs in food systems and examining the potential for food environments to induce and modulate microbiome functions, this review provides a roadmap to address emerging challenges in food sustainability.
Glucagon‐Like Peptide‐1 Receptor Agonists and Liver Outcomes in Patients With MASLD and Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Kuo Chia‐Chih , Chuang Min‐Hsiang , Li Chun‐Hsien , Tsai Ya‐Wen , Huang Po‐Yu , Kuo Hsing‐Tao , Lai Chih‐Cheng
Published: January 2025

Background and Aims

Glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1 RAs) and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) have demonstrated long‐term liver benefits in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, no direct comparison between these therapies has been conducted. This study aimed to compare major adverse liver outcomes (MALOs) between GLP‐1 RAs and SGLT2is in patients with MASLD and T2D.

Methods

Using the TriNetX Research Network, a multinational and multi‐institutional database, we identified adults with MASLD and T2D who received their first prescription for either a GLP‐1 RA or an SGLT2i between January 2010 and June 2023. We conducted a propensity score‐matched (PSM) cohort study comparing new users of GLP‐1 RAs and SGLT2is. The primary outcome was the risk of MALOs, a composite endpoint consisting of decompensated cirrhosis events, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver transplantation. Secondary outcomes included all‐cause mortality and individual components of the primary outcome.

Results

This study included 15,176 pairs of patients treated with either a GLP‐1 RA or a SGLT2i. The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for MALO associated with GLP‐1 RAs relative to SGLT2is was 0.84 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.73–0.97; incidence rate: 88.9 versus 105.3 events per 10,000 person‐years), primarily driven by reduction in decompensated cirrhosis events (adjusted HR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.71–0.96). GLP‐1 RAs were associated with lower all‐cause mortality (adjusted HR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.75–0.94).

Conclusion

GLP‐1 RAs are associated with better long‐term liver outcomes compared to SGLT2is in patients with MASLD and T2D.
Phenobarbital toxicosis in a pied butcherbird, Cracticus nigrogularis
Authors: Hill AG , Stone BM , Pyne MJ
Published: January 2025

A wild, adult male pied butcherbird (Cracticus nigrogularis) accidentally ingested 263 mg/kg of oral phenobarbital. Pronounced sedation was observed by 30 mins, followed by altered consciousness, marked ataxia and increased respiratory effort. The serum phenobarbital level on admission to a wildlife hospital was 84.3 μg/mL; this declined to 29.3 μg/mL at 24 h and 1.7 μg/mL at 48 h (indicative of a phenobarbital serum half‐life of approximately 24 h). Supportive treatment with activated charcoal, and nutritional and fluid support led to a full recovery over 5 days. The bird was successfully released.
Contingent Hope: Everyday Crisis and Future Imaginaries among Venezuelan Migrants in Colombia
Authors: Wilde Matt , Golovátina‐Mora Polina , Kramer Péter , Juan Laura García
Published: January 2025

In this article, we analyse the experiences of Venezuelan migrants in Colombia by drawing on fieldwork conducted in the cities of Bucaramanga and Medellín between May 2021 and May 2022. We argue that though the situation facing Venezuelan migrants in Colombia is characterised fundamentally by hardship, at the level of everyday experience it is also one shaped by hope. Engaging with recent debates concerning aspiration and care in situations of precarity, we describe this mode of being as contingent hope: as an orientation towards the future premised on the desired improvement of specific circumstances. We contend that the capacity to maintain hope is derived from the strength of kinship ties that stretch across borders and enable emotional investments in the future.
Traction‐assisted endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle biopsy using the clip‐with‐thread method for small gastric subepithelial lesions: Randomized controlled trial (with video)
Authors: Minoda Yosuke , Suzuki Yusuke , Ogino Haruei , Nagatomo Shuzaburo , Bai Xiaopeng , Esaki Mitsuru , Wada Masafumi , Tanaka Yoshimasa , Hata Yoshitaka , Fujimori Nao , Umekita Shinya , Tsurumaru Daisuke , Ota Mitsuhiko , Oki Eiji , Ihara Eikichi , Ogawa Yoshihiro
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine‐needle aspiration/biopsy (EUS‐FNA/B) is the gold standard for diagnosing gastric subepithelial lesions (SELs), but diagnosing lesions smaller than 20 mm remains challenging. We developed traction‐assisted EUS‐FNB (TA‐EUS‐FNB) using the clip‐with‐thread method to enhance diagnostic accuracy by stabilizing the lesion and providing counter‐traction for easier needle access. This study evaluates the effectiveness of TA‐EUS‐FNB in diagnosing small gastric SELs.

Methods

In this prospective, randomized, controlled cross‐over trial (August 2019–November 2022), 30 patients with gastric SELs <20 mm were randomized to undergo TA‐EUS‐FNB or conventional EUS‐FNB. Each patient underwent four punctures, two per method. The primary end‐point was the adequate tissue sampling rate for both techniques. Secondary end‐points included diagnostic yield and performance (sensitivity and specificity) in distinguishing gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) from non‐GISTs.

Results

The mean tumor size was 15.0 mm, with diagnoses comprising GISTs (n = 15, 50%), leiomyomas (n = 8, 26.7%), schwannomas (n = 2, 6.7%), aberrant pancreas (n = 3, 10%), and inflammation (n = 2, 6.7%). TA‐EUS‐FNB demonstrated a significantly higher adequate‐tissue sampling rate (90% vs. 66.7%, P = 0.035) and diagnostic yield (86.7% vs. 63.3%, P = 0.037) than conventional EUS‐FNB. Sensitivity (86.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 62.1–96.3% vs. 66.7%, 95% CI 41.7–84.8%; P = 0.20) and specificity (100%, 95% CI 79.6–100% vs. 100%, 95% CI 79.6–100%) were comparable between the methods. No adverse events were observed in the study.

Conclusion

TA‐EUS‐FNB demonstrated superior tissue sampling rates and diagnostic yield for SELs <20 mm compared to conventional EUS‐FNB, making it a viable option. Controlling lesion mobility is essential for successful EUS‐FNB in small SELs.
Don't Stare, Compare! Lotze on Attention
Authors: Textor Mark
Published: January 2025

Nineteenth century treatments of attention often argued that analysis (attention singles out an object) and synthesis (attention unifies some objects) are inseparable aspects of this activity. Subsequent philosophical work on attention concentrated on the analytic aspect and exploited William James's characterisation of attention as focussing on one object among others. The aim of this paper is to give a more balanced account of the history of philosophical work on attention as well as the activity theorised by highlighting the synthetic aspect of attention. The paper is centred on Hermann Lotze's (1817–1881) work on attention. According to him, attention is constituted by comparing. I will motivate Lotze's main thesis and expound his supporting argument in detail by locating it in his work on vision. The paper will draw on George Dawes Hicks engagement with Lotze and assess Francis H. Bradley's criticism of Lotze's main thesis.
A Novel Reciprocal Domain Adaptation Neural Network for Enhanced Diagnosis of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Iqbal Saeed , Qureshi Adnan N. , Alhussein Musaed , Aurangzeb Khursheed , Zubair Muhammad , Hussain Amir
Published: January 2025

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major global health concern caused mostly by high blood pressure and glucose levels. Detecting CKD early is critical for reducing its negative consequences since it can lead to increased mortality rates. With CKD's rising incidence expected to make it the fifth biggest cause of death by 2040, rapid advances in diagnostic approaches are required. This study presents the Reciprocal Domain Adaptation Network (RDAN) as a potential approach to the various issues of CKD diagnosis. RDAN is a neural network model that will help to traverse the complexity of CKD diagnosis by smoothly combining diverse data sets. RDAN consists of two critical units at its foundation: Mutual Model Adaptation (MMA) and Domain Model Learning. The MMA unit uses a powerful Global and Local Pyramid Pooling technique to extract rich features from a variety of data domains. Meanwhile, the DML unit uses semi‐supervised domain‐independent features combined with MMA features to improve representation learning. RDAN includes a reciprocal regularizer to promote cross‐domain knowledge transfer, maximising feature representation for accurate CKD identification. An analysis of RDAN's performance on a variety of real‐world datasets showed remarkable results in terms of accuracy (96.94%), precision (98.81%), recall (98.73%), F1‐Score (98.88%), and area under the curve (AUC—99.35%). These results highlight the unmatched expertise of RDAN in managing data bias, domain changes, and privacy issues related to CKD diagnosis. Beyond statistical measures, RDAN's implications promise revolutionary breakthroughs in early CKD identification and subsequent therapeutic therapies. RDAN stands out as a groundbreaking method for diagnosing CKD. It delivers exceptional accuracy and can be seamlessly applied in various clinical environments.
The Korean integrative family therapy model
Authors: Park Tai‐Young , Park Yangjin , Park Yanghyun
Published: January 2025

Family therapy was introduced in South Korea in the 1970s and has been extensively applied in clinical and academic settings. However, despite the efficacy of using family therapy models from the United States for Korean families, existing models are unable to fully capture the nuances of the Korean family culture, limiting their full potential to help families in crises. Based on observations and counseling of over 1500 families in Korea, this paper presents a theoretical and clinical foundation, namely, the Korean Integrative Family Therapy Model. After briefly introducing the historical development of family therapy in Korea, this paper offers a conceptual background for the Korean Integrative Family Therapy Model and two examples of the treatment process of the Korean Integrative Family Therapy Model. Models of family therapy developed in one cultural context can provide a strong foundation to guide family therapists around the globe, however local knowledge and expertise can be utilized to ensure optimal relevance and effectiveness.
The Building Blocks for Successful Hub Implementation for Migrant and Refugee Families and Their Children in the First 2000 Days of Life
Authors: Hodgins Michael , Ostojic Katarina , Rimes Tania , Edwards Karen , Lawson Kenny , Fonseka Mevni , Crespo Carmen , Lyle Kim , Dadich Ann , Eapen Valsamma , Grace Rebekah , Green Melissa , Henry Amanda , Hopwood Nick , Kaplun Catherine , Kohlhoff Jane , Raman Shanti , Szanto Tracey , Woolfenden Sue
Published: January 2025

Background and Objective

Migrant and refugee women, families, and their children can experience significant language, cultural, and psychosocial barriers to engage with child and family services. Integrated child and family health Hubs are increasingly promoted as a potential solution to address access barriers; however, there is scant literature on how to best implement them with migrant and refugee populations. Our aim was to explore with service providers and consumers the barriers, enablers, and experiences with Hubs and the resulting building blocks required for acceptable Hub implementation for migrant and refugee families.

Design, Setting and Participants

This project was undertaken in Sydney, New South Wales, in communities characterised by cultural diversity. In this qualitative study, we used semi‐structured interviews guided by the consolidated framework for implementation research, with service providers from health and social services (32 participants) and migrant and refugee parents (14 parents) of children who had accessed Hubs.

Research and Discussion

Our initial qualitative data themes were developed into step‐by‐step building blocks, representing a way to address contextual determinants to establish and sustain a Hub that can support migrant and refugee families. These include the setting‐up phase activities of buy‐in and partnership development, which outlines mechanisms to foster collective action and collaboration between health and social services. Following this, our orientation model articulates the need to establish Hub coordination and navigation, activities that enhance a Hub's relevance for migrant and refugee families and ongoing integration mechanisms, such as engagement of same‐language general practitioners. This is the first study to explore the building blocks required for acceptable Hub implementation to meet the needs of migrant and refugee families in the first 2000 days of a child's life—a critical time to optimise child development and health.

Patient or Public Contribution

The research questions were developed based on qualitative research undertaken with Hub participants, community members, and service providers. The original investigator team had a consumer representative who has since relocated and consultation was undertaken with local Hub partner services. The researchers also consulted multicultural health services, including cultural support workers, to ensure research materials were culturally nuanced. Patients or participants have not directly been involved in the current study design.

Clinical Trial Registration

This trial was registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials (ACTRN12621001088831).
Using model‐based distance sampling to estimate decadal population change in Northern Gannets (Morus bassanus) across periods spanned by different at‐sea survey methods
Authors: Clark‐Wolf T.J. , Miller David L. , Drake Hannah , Fifield David A. , Rail Jean‐François , Wakefield Ewan D. , Wilhelm Sabina I. , Wong Sarah N.P. , Gjerdrum Carina
Published: January 2025

Seabirds are important sentinels of climate and ecosystem change, but many breeding populations are difficult to monitor because of the remoteness and inaccessibility of their colonies, and the sometimes cryptic nature of their nests and burrows. Large‐scale monitoring of seabird populations at sea can also be used to estimate population trends and inform conservation efforts. However, although modern survey techniques can be used to estimate absolute abundance, many older survey methodologies have recorded only relative, and possibly biased, abundance. These approaches are exemplified in the western North Atlantic, where seabirds have been surveyed at sea using modern methods (Eastern Canada Seabirds at Sea, or ECSAS) since 2006, but under the simpler PIROP (Programme intégré de recherches sur les oiseaux pélagiques) protocol from 1965 to 1992. Methodological differences between these survey types limit our understanding of long‐term trends in seabird populations, both in the western North Atlantic and elsewhere. Hence, we conducted simultaneous surveys using both methods from 2014 to 2021 and used advances in model‐based distance sampling to allow comparison across these longer‐term datasets. We validated our methodology by comparing population trends of Northern Gannets Morus bassanus using the at‐sea data and breeding colony surveys. The trend in abundance at sea (2.69% increase annually) was similar to that at breeding colonies (2.91% increase annually), suggesting that our combined approach can be used to estimate seabird population changes robustly across the period spanned by the two survey programmes. We envision that analyses using similar combined survey methods could reveal decadal population trends and changes in conservation status of many seabird species that currently lack such information because of the absence of colony counts.
Global reasons for missed nursing care: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Gong Fengxiang , Mei YuChen , Wu Mengying , Tang Chao
Published: January 2025

Background

While numerous studies have quantified the prevalence of reasons for missed care, a comprehensive synthesis of evidence across various health systems remains lacking.

Aim

To estimate the pooled prevalence of the reasons reported by nurses for missed care, using data from the MISSCARE surveys.

Introduction

Missed nursing care, which refers to any aspect of essential patient care that is omitted or delayed, presents substantial risks to patient safety and the quality of care.

Methodology

Four databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus) were searched, without language restrictions. Study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal tool. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to calculate prevalence estimates and evaluate heterogeneity via prediction intervals. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess potential sources of heterogeneities. Time trends were estimated using linear regression modeling.

Results

Twenty‐eight studies (2011–2024) totaling 20768 nurses from 121 hospitals from 14 countries were included. The raw prevalence of missed care ranged from 6.8% to 98.1%, with a median of 56.4% (IQR: 41.0–75.4). The most frequently reported reasons were “unexpected rise in patient volume and/or acuity on the unit” (78.1%; 95% confidence intervals (CI) 71.5–54.1), “inadequate number of staff” (76.5%; 95% CI, 68.7–83.5), and “urgent patient situation” (73.5%; 95% CI, 66.6–79.9). Most of the investigated reasons for missed nursing care showed no significant changes over time.

Conclusion

This meta‐analysis provides valuable insights that can inform interventions and policies aimed at mitigating missed nursing care, ultimately improving patient safety and healthcare outcomes.

Implications for nursing and health policy

This study underscores the global prevalence reasons for missed nursing care. The findings call for comprehensive strategies to address this crucial challenge, regardless of geographic region and economic status of countries. However, special attention should be given to non‐university hospitals and hospitals with specific demographic characteristics of nurses.