bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between Depressive Symptoms and the Risk of Cancer in Middle-Aged and Older Chinese Adults：a population-based cohort study
Authors: Zhang Xinyan , Li Yuxiang
Published: October 2024

IMPORTANCE Depressive symptoms may heighten the risk of cancer, however, little evidence is available on the association of depressive symptoms and cancer in China.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between depressive symptoms and risk of cancer among middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This study was based on data collected by the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Our cohort included 7,090 middle-aged and older Chinese adults with no cancer diagnosis at baseline. Information on depressive symptoms and cancer were collected at four waves of CHARLS investigations conducted in 2011, 2013, 2015, 2018 and 2020, respectively.
EXPOSURE Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Chinese version of the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). Participants scoring ≥12 on CES-D at all four waves of investigations were classified as persistent depressive.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURE Follow-up ended when the participant reported a physician diagnosis of cancer or death or when the study period ended (September 30, 2023).
RESULTS Of the 7,090 individuals, 3,672 (51.8%) were female and 5,687(80.2%) were 45-60 years old. During the seven years of follow-up, 156 new cancer cases were identified. Persistent depressive symptoms were independently associated with an increased risk of cancer (adjusted HR: 2.27; 95%CI: 1.5-3.45) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. The association between persistent depressive symptoms and cancer was not moderated by sociodemographic characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The presence of depressive symptoms was significantly associated with the risk of cancer among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Future risk management and preventive services of cancer should consider incorporating screening and providing psychosocial therapies for the elder population to identify and ameliorate depressive symptoms.
Mobile phone-based computer-aided chest X-ray detects TB as well as trained radiologists
Authors: Desita Zerubabel , Tadesse Temesgen , Bohlbro Anders Solitander , Sifna Armando , Fekadu Hikma , Bizuneh Segenet , Srid Sruti , Robert Dennis , Tadepalli Manij , Wejse Christian , Schön Thomas , Rudolf Frauke
Published: October 2024

Background: Chest radiography (CXR) is the most common imaging modality used to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). Accurate computer-aided detection (CAD) CXR software may aid physicians in low-resource, high tuberculosis (TB) endemic settings where radiologists are scarce.
Methods: A retrospective pilot study comparing the assessment of humans and CAD was conducted on analogue CXRs from Guinea-Bissau and Ethiopia with the objective of comparing the interpretation of CXRs regarding PTB by CAD (qXR, Qure.ai) with that of two experienced Ethiopian radiologists (A and B). To improve the applicability of this method in low-resource settings, an analysis was performed on images of CXRs taken by mobile phones. Two reference standards were applied: final TB diagnosis by clinical or laboratory findings (i.e., GeneXpert (GX)-confirmed TB).
Results: We included 498 CXRs. Radiologist A identified 50, radiologist B identified 99, and the software identified 81 as indicative of TB. The overall area under the curve (AUC) for the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of the software was 0.84 for GX-confirmed cases. At the prechosen cut-off value of 0.5, the sensitivity of CAD CXR was 76.5%, and the specificity was 85.9%. Radiologist A’s assessments were 64.7% sensitive and 91.9% specific, while radiologist B´s assessments were 76.5% sensitive and 82.3% specific for GX-confirmed cases. The agreement regarding TB-related findings between the radiologists combined (k=0.45) and each radiologist and the software (k=0.56) was moderate.
Conclusion: Our study revealed that CAD CXR performs comparably to experienced radiologists in diagnosing TB even when it is applied to analogue CXRs photographed by mobile phones.
Trial registration: PACTR201611001838365
L-fuzzy two-way concept-cognitive learning based on residuated implication from a divergent viewpoint
Authors: Pang Jinzhong , Chen Minghao , Xu Weihua , Zhang Biao
Published: October 2024

Concept-cognitive learning (CCL) is a critical problem in cognitive science and artificial intelligence. In particular, the cognitive results obtained via L-fuzzy concept-cognitive learning (LF-CCL) contain more comprehensive information derived from arbitrary cognitive clues and formal context. LF-CCL, as an effective concept cognitive strategy for discovering knowledge, has garnered significant attention. However, existing research on LF-CCL faces several challenges: rigid cognitive pathways and insufficient cognitive flexibility. Hence, to enhance the flexibility and evolutionary ability of LF-CCL, this paper proposes a novel L-fuzzy two-way concept-cognitive learning strategy (LF-DCCL) based on residuated implications from a divergent viewpoint. Specifically, divergent viewpoints are introduced to LF-CCL to enhance the knowledge evolution ability of the cognitive strategy. The LF-DCCL strategy, different from the existing LF-CCL strategy, primarily focuses on the two-way evolution of L-fuzzy knowledge granules rather than the transformation of L-fuzzy information granules. Moreover, the corresponding algorithms are designed to enable knowledge acquisition via LF-DCCL in massive datasets. At the same time, our theoretical analysis has proven that different cognitive learning strategies will produce similar cognitive results after multiple iterations of use. Similar to human cognitive logic, the results obtained from continuous learning and deep reflection on given information, based on specific cognitive circumstances and capabilities, are inherently limited and describable. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed strategy through case analysis and experiments on different datasets, thereby interpreting and facilitating the understanding of LF-DCCL.
Analysis of Solar-Powered NPK Soil Monitor with Dual Battery Auto Switching Battery Capability
Authors: Perdana Doan , Aditya Bagus , Khoirurozikin Misbahul
Published: October 2024

This study enhancing the Nitrogen (N), Phosporus (P), and Potassium (K) monitored devices with auto switching battery capability, which are used on agricultural land by embedding the device probe on agricultural land during the plant growth process. Therefore, the device requires a good battery management system so that it can provide power to the device continuously so that the data taken will not experience a shortage or loss of data due to a malfunctioning device power supply source so that the device can work properly. In this research, a switching battery system has been implemented to provide a continuous source of power supply without any interrupted power supply source and can maintain the battery better because the battery is used alternately. Based on the accuracy testing of the voltage sensor and system performance testing, it is proven that the automatic switching battery system is able to provide advantages in terms of battery management. From the testing results, the accuracy testing of the voltage sensor is 78%-80% compared to the multimeter EZREN type DT-9205A as a reference. Furthermore, for the battery charging time testing, where if using the formula is battery capacity divided by charging efficiency, the charging time is 5.69 hours, while the realization at the time of testing takes 8-10 hours.
Targeting NMDAR2A: Esketamine's Impact on BV2 Microglial Pro-inflammatory Polarization
Authors: Li Hui , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Luo Yushan , Hu Wen , Tian Bin , Ren Yimin , Zou Xiaohua
Published: October 2024

The polarization of microglia to the pro-inflammatory phenotype plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of neuroinflammatory diseases, primarily owing to the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines that exacerbate damage within the central nervous system (CNS). Investigating the mechanisms underlying the inhibition of microglial pro-inflammatory polarization could be the potential targets for the prevention of neuroinflammatory diseases. The activation of N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors can mediate the over-activation and toxicity of microglia. Due to the unique structure of NMDA receptors, it has different subtypes and perform distinct functions. Our study indicates that Esketamine, a non-competitive antagonist of NMDAR, can up-regulate the phosphorylated Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-Tropomyosin-related kinase receptor B (TrkB) signaling pathway by inhibiting the 2A subtype of NMDA receptors, attenuates LPS-induced pro-inflammatory polarization of BV2 microglia and reduces the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, the NMDAR2B subtype does not appear to be involved in this process.
The Dual Influence of Adrenaline may be Effective in the Treatment of Grade 3 and 4 Cancers with a Synergistic Effect with Chemotherapy
Authors: Shafaroudi Majid Malekzadeh , Rezaei Nourollah , Noori Abbas , Teymouri Manouchehr , Zarei Hooman , Akhtari Javad , kenari Saeed Abedian , Shafaroudi Ali Malekzadeh
Published: October 2024

Objective(s): The present study investigated the impact of physiological and pharmacological concentrations of epinephrine alone and together with a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist (propranolol) on the proliferation/migration rate, substrate-adhesion ability, and viability of two slowing-growing brain glioblastoma (U87) and fast-growing gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cell lines.
Materials and Methods: The cells were treated with epinephrine in a 16 µM (physiological) – 256 µM (pharmacological) concentration range and combined with 75 µM propranolol. The cell proliferation/migration rate was determined using scratch wound healing assay at 12 h and 24 h post-treatment. The substrate-adhesion ability was examined using a plate-and-wash assay after detaching the cells with EDTA/trypsin solution and incubating the cells with the drug treatments for 15 and 30 min. The cell viability was assessed using the trypan blue dye exclusion method with hemocytomer count.
Results: The results showed that epinephrine had a dual effect; enhancing the proliferation/migration, adhesion, and viability of both cells at physiological concentrations while suppressing the mentioned features at pharmacological concentrations. Propranolol served antagonistic activity, especially at the low doses of epinephrine.
Conclusion: The study suggests that combination therapy with epinephrine and propranolol can shift the cancer cell growth and metastasis-promoting features of epinephrine toward cancer cell eradication for both slowing-growing U87 and Fast-growing AGS cells.
Impact of Frailty on Per Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) Outcomes: A National Database Analysis
Authors: Nawaz Ahmad , Hussain Azhar , Khaliq Aisha , Chaar Abdelkader , Kumar Vishnu , Subedi Abinash , Aswath Ganesh , Singh Kelita , John Savio , Yang Dennis , Hasan Muhammad Khalid , Khan Hafiz
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Frailty remains an important risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing various surgical interventions. The impact of frailty on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing Peroral Endoscopic Myotomy (POEM) is not well established. We aim to determine the association between frailty and clinical outcomes in patients hospitalized for POEM procedure.
Methods
We conducted a cohort study using data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) for the years 2017 to 2019. Adult patients who underwent POEM following hospitalization were identified using International Classification of Diseases (ICD) diagnostic codes. The Hospital Frailty Risk Score (HFRS) was used to classify patients as Frail or Non-Frail. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to compare outcomes between study groups. Discharge weights were applied to provide national estimates for total hospital expenses.
Results
Among 1,735 POEM patients, 220 (12.68%) patients were frail. Frail patients had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) compared to non-frail patients. In terms of systemic adverse events, frail patients had more cardiovascular (2.27% vs 0.00%, p < .01), thoracic (13.64% vs 2.97%, p < .01), and infectious (18.18% vs 2.64%, p < 0.01) adverse events compared to non-frail patients. The number of patients requiring TPN was higher in frail (13.64 vs 1.32, p < 0.01) compared to non-fail patients. After adjusting for confounders, frail patients were more likely to require TPN [OR 13.49 (95% CI 2.00-91.25)], had higher incidence of infectious [OR 17.38 (95% CI 5.22–57.91)] and thoracic [OR 5.75 (95% CI 1.75–18.92)] adverse events as well as increased LOS [OR 6.56 (95% CI 3.64–9.47)] when compared to non-frail patients.
Conclusion
Frailty in patients undergoing POEM is associated with a higher risk of systemic adverse events, need for TPN, longer hospital stays, higher healthcare cost, and increased in-hospital mortality. These findings emphasize the importance of frailty assessments in clinical decision-making for patients undergoing POEM.
Quantitative Assessment of Facial Expression Asymmetry in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Irani Atefeh , Park Kye Won , Sedaghati Farnaz , Grundy Michael , Mirian Maryam S. , Hosseini Reshad , Moradi Hadi , McKeown Martin J.
Published: October 2024

Hypomimia, characterized by reduced facial expression, is a cardinal feature of Parkinson's Disease (PD). However, unlike limb asymmetry in PD, facial asymmetry has been less explored. Here, we explore possible subtle hemihypomimia in PD using Artificial Intelligence (AI) and image processing techniques. After video preprocessing facial expression videos from 102 PD subjects and 97 healthy controls (HCs), asymmetry index values across facial landmarks were calculated for each frame. Dynamic features were extracted and used in machine learning models to differentiate between PD and HCs, achieving 91.4% accuracy. PD subjects showed greater facial asymmetry, particularly around the eyebrows (P = 0.01) and mouth (P = 0.04), and those with asymmetric limb Parkinsonism exhibited less facial mobility on the more affected side (P = 0.001). These findings support the presence of facial expression asymmetry in PD, particularly during expressions of happiness, and suggest its potential as a clinical digital biomarker.
Identification of Crucial Genes Associated with Ferroptosis in COPD via Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis and the Relevant Experimental Validation
Authors: Yang Qi , Gao Chencheng , Wang Fang , Wang Guoqiang , Lin Hongqiang , Sun Weihan , Qi Mingran
Published: October 2024

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by partially reversible airway obstruction, with high mortality and disability rates. Smoking is the primary risk factor for COPD. Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death characterized by iron-mediated lipid peroxidation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the Fenton reaction. Recent studies have shown that ferroptosis in airway epithelial cells may be involved in and mediate the pathogenesis of COPD. This study aimed to identify and validate key genes associated with ferroptosis in COPD via bioinformatics methods.
Methods: Four microarray datasets (GSE10006, GSE20257, GSE11906, and GSE11784) were downloaded from the GEO database. Differential gene expression analysis was conducted separately for each dataset via the limma package in R, resulting in a set of 132 overlapping differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify key gene modules associated with COPD. String analysis, Cytoscape, functional enrichment analysis, and construction of protein‒protein interaction (PPI) networkswere utilized to identify hub genes.We subsequently generated a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to predict the risk of COPD occurrence. Concurrently, we conducted differential expression analysis of ferroptosis-related genes across three datasets and identified ferroptosis-related hub genes (FRHGs) that overlapped with pivotal genes related to ferroptosis. These FRHGs were validated via the GSE11784 dataset, followed by validation via in vitro cell experiments (westernblotting, quantitative PCR). Finally, we analyzed immune cell infiltration and performed consistent clustering analysis on the basis of gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) scores.
Results: We identified four potential hub genes associated with ferroptosis in COPD (NQO1, AKR1C3, GPX2, and CBR1), identifying new therapeutic targets for clinical treatment and diagnosis. Additionally, on the basis of these four FRHGs, we found that acetaminophen and glycidamide were highly relevant drug targets.
Conclusion: This study identified 4 FRHGs as potential biomarkers for COPD diagnosis and treatment. We predict COPD occurrence through bioinformatics analysis and various machine learning algorithms. Moreover, cell experiments revealed significant upregulation trends of the FRHGs identified in this study in COPD disease models, suggesting new avenues for clinical diagnosis and treatment strategies.
Effect investigation of content of chain extender and sepiolite nanoparticles on properties of castor oil-derived water-based polyurethane coating
Authors: Sardari Azam , Alvani Ali Asghar Sabbagh , Ghaffarian Seyed Reza , Souri Fatemeh , Darvishi Reza
Published: October 2024

In our previous work, reported for the first time the synthesis three types of castor oil-based polyols using a short, eco-friendly and high-efficiency method. The obtained polyol from the reaction of the epoxidized castor oil in the presence of catalyst γ-alumina and the saponified castor oil with potassium hydroxide, named PSCOEq, was used to synthesize water-based polyurethane (WPU). The effect of different contents of PSCOEq (20–60 wt%) on the properties of WPU were studied. In this study, sample WPU with 40% PSCOEq which has the lowest particle size and poly dispersity index (PDI) was selected and used to investigate the effect of the content of chain extender on WPU properties. WPUs with different contents of chain extender (1–5 wt%) were investigated in terms of particle size, PDI, molecular weight, viscosity, and water absorption. WPU with 1 wt.% chain extender exhibited the highest molecular weight, while it had the lowest particle size, PDI, viscosity, and water absorption. It was found that WPUs with 1, 2 wt.% chain extender are not stable. WPUs with 4, 5 wt.% chain extender have a minimum particle size and minimum PDI. Considering the lower amount of water absorption in WPU with 4% chain extender compared to 5%, this sample was selected for reaction with different contents of surface-modified sepiolite nanoparticles (1–5 wt%). ATR-FTIR spectra confirmed the successful surface modification of sepiolite nanoparticles and the formation of chemical bonds between WPU chains and modified nanoparticles. WPUs containing nanoparticles were evaluated in terms of particle size, PDI, molecular weight, viscosity, water absorption, hardness, adhesion, and Tg and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The introduction of nanoparticles leads to the improvement of hardness, adhesion, thermal resistance, and also an increase in Tg. By increasing the amount of nanoparticles from 1% to 5 wt%, particle size and viscosity of WPU dispersion increase continuously.
PIK3CA regulates lactate transport through MCT1,MCT4 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Zhao Yan , Li Junna , Yu jinwen , Wang Xiaoshu , Pang Xuelian , Ma Mingfu , Ma Zhiping , Zhang Wei , Cui Wenli
Published: October 2024

Background:As a metabolite of glycolysis, lactate can not only provide energy for tumor cells, but also participate in the occurrence and development of tumors, immune escape, metastasis and recurrence through a variety of mechanisms. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of its transport regulation in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma （DLBCL） cells.
Objective:This study is designed to evaluate the expression of monocarboxylate transporters MCT1 and MCT4 in DLBCL and to investigate the mechanism by which PIK3CA regulates lactate transport via MCT1 and MCT4.
Methods:MCT1/4 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry.We used BYL-719 to selectively inhibit PIK3CA in DLBCL cell lines (NUDHL-1, OCI-LY8). Western blot was used to detect MCT1/4, c-myc, LDHA, PD-L1. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect MCT1/4 mRNA.
Results:MCT1/4 was highly expressed in non-GCB. When MCT1 was high,patient had poor sensitivity to the R-CHOP regimen.The expression of MCT4 was high in patients with IPI>0 and LDH>240 U/L.In vitro,after inhibiting PIK3CA, MCT1/4 were lower than the control, and PD-L1,c-myc,LDHA was lower than the blank group.The lactate,ROS in tumor cells increased,PH decreased.
Conclusion:MCT1/4 can be expressed in DLBCL, which is related to tumor classification and regulation of lactate transport.we speculate that by inhibiting PIK3CA, down-regulating MCT1/4 expression, regulating the process of lactate transport in DLBCL tumor cells, providing a new target for DLBCL treatment.
The redistributive effect of pensions. The case of Uruguay
Authors: Forteza Alvaro , Tuzman Diego
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we present estimations of the distribution and redistribution of per period income that can be associated to social security using two approaches, one that follows the conventional practice of treating pensions as government transfers and another one that proposes to measure pension income as the return of pension wealth. Using data for Uruguay, we find that the former approach estimates less inequality in the presence of pensions and much larger decrease in inequality due to pensions than the latter. We show that the implicit assumption that individuals would not increase voluntary savings in the absence of pensions contributes to a strong apparent equalizing effect of pensions. As several scholars have warned, this assumption is not warranted.
JEL Classification: D31, H55, I38
Enhanced Fault Detection and Isolation in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel CellsUsing Modified Super Twisting Observer
Authors: Rahmani Asma , Bougrine Mohamed , Gazzam Noureddine , Benalia Atallah , Seghir Mohammed
Published: October 2024

This paper focuses on proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and their air supply system. The study investigates the application of advanced observers, specifically higher-order sliding mode observers with PI injection, to precisely estimate the partial pressure of oxygen in PEMFC air supply systems. These observers continuously monitor real-time system behavior and detect abnormal conditions, including faults such as sudden air manifold leaks. The primary objective of this research is to enhance the reliability, durability, and efficiency of PEMFCs by detecting faults in their air supply system, which is crucial for achieving optimal performance.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about cross bracing protocol in ACL injury : A Survey on Physiotherapist
Authors: Shah Sarfraznawaz , Chauk Amruta , Kumar G. Palani , Joshi Rushikesh
Published: October 2024

Purpose: Anterior Cruciate Ligament injuries are the most commonly seen injuries in the athletes, not all of these injuries need to be operated and can be treated conservatively, while many of them choose surgical intervention there is no certainty of the person returning to pre injury level without proper rehabilitation. Here Cross-Bracing protocol plays an important role, which tends to heal the ACL without surgical intervention by usage of brace for a particular period of time while taking regular physiotherapy rehabilitation. There is a limited knowledge of the same among Physiotherapists, so our study aimed to check awareness about this protocol among the Physiotherapists.
Methods: A google form questionnaire was circulated among the Physiotherapists via mail and all social media platforms and data was collected for a period of 8 months. Calculated sample size was 80. Descriptive statistics, including frequencies and percentages, were used to analyze the survey responses.
Results: A total of 82 participants (34 males, 48 females), with ± 4 years of practice completed the survey, where varying levels of awareness about ACL injury management and cross bracing protocols was observed. With 16.9% incorporating the protocol in regular practice.
Conclusion: The survey highlights that physiotherapists recognize the value of managing ACL injuries and using cross bracing, giving desired outcomes. Despite its perceived benefits, only few physiotherapist consistently use cross bracing in treatment plans, indicating a need for further education on clinical guidelines and its long-term advantages, especially for high-risk groups.
Towards Mixed Reality-Navigated Surgery: Point Cloud Surface Registration for Automated 3D Image Overlay
Authors: Bonsmann Henrik , Vo An-Nhien , Ladikos Alexander , Kuetting Daniel , Schmitt Joachim , Arensmeyer Jan C , Feodorovici Philipp
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Minimally invasive and robotically assisted surgery relies on guidance systems to aid in navigation. Using high accuracy tracking, surface registration algorithms and extended reality (XR) devices, we aim to develop a system to provide a real-time, immersive visualization of previously acquired computed tomography (CT) data through automated surface registration as an intuitive and radiation free alternative to conventional image guiding methods.
Methods
Combining state-of-the art XR devices, high-precision tracking and scanning and advanced surface registration algorithms, we propose a modular and immersive system to provide a holographic overlay of relevant tools and anatomical structures in a surgical context.
We measure and verify the accuracy of various modalities to provide a suitable foundation for further technical enhancements and clinical studies.
Results
Accuracy measurements for the XR holographic overlay as well as automatically calculated positioning of CT data with surface registration are in line with conventional image-guided approaches.
Analysis of the acquired data indicates probable avenues to further optimize the system.
Conclusion
The system developed in this paper provides a promising foundation for an immersive, real-time guidance system for interventional, minimally invasive, and robotically assisted procedures.
Further studies to verify the accuracy and usability in a clinical context are initiated.
Consumer Behaviour: Analysing Marketing Campaigns through Recommender Systems and Statistical Techniques
Authors: Cherkaoui Nabil , El Handri Kaoutar , Yandah Tanoga Medard Doukoua , El Hassani Youssef , Errafyg Aicha
Published: October 2024

This article examines consumer behaviour’s impact on marketing campaigns' effectiveness using a recommender system and statistical analysis methods. Understanding consumer behaviour is essential in today's fiercely competitive and constantly evolving market. Our study aims to highlight the significant impact of consumer behaviour on marketing data through the innovative application of recommender systems supported by state-of-the-art machine learning and data analysis techniques. This approach addresses the formidable challenges of accurately predicting consumer behaviour. We provide a detailed introduction to recommendation systems, emphasizing their vital role in the modern marketing landscape. We then outline our theories, laying the groundwork for a deeper understanding of the relationship between marketing data and consumer behaviour. Additionally, we present a rigorous data analysis process that begins with data cleaning and progresses through univariate and bivariate analysis, culminating in advanced techniques such as the Apriori algorithm to discover association rules and thoroughly explore this symbiotic relationship. Our findings demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of our methodology for interpreting the complex interplay between consumer behaviour and marketing data. Our conclusions highlight essential trends and offer practical recommendations for enhancing marketing strategies significantly. By elucidating the dynamic relationships between consumer behaviour and marketing outcomes, our study contributes to a more sophisticated understanding of consumer dynamics in the contemporary business environment. Furthermore, this paper underscores the importance of understanding consumer behaviour and the benefits of employing innovative data analysis methods. By decoding consumption trends, businesses can optimize their marketing strategies and improve customer satisfaction, strengthening their competitive edge in a constantly shifting market. Finally, incorporating recommender systems with artificial intelligence and machine learning tools for collaborative filtering can further refine these strategies, substantially boosting marketing efficacy.
The Impact of Digital Marketing on the Market Share of Tourism Firms in Jordan
Authors: Khalaf Alafi Khaled , Ismaeel Bader
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to demonstrate the impact of digital marketing and evaluate the level of use through its strategies of search engine optimisation, search engine marketing, marketing content creation, social media marketing, mobile marketing, and email marketing on the market share of five-star hotels in Jordan. The current study focuses on the importance of digital marketing in the tourism industry. Both current and potential tourists depend on digital communication tools to obtain information about services, products, promotions and other related details online. Digital marketing allows for personalised communications and offers, but it is necessary to understand its types and value in tourism activities. As the industry becomes more complex and competitive, traditional marketing methods may no longer be sufficient. Therefore, tourism companies rely heavily on information and communications technology and work with global digital networks to distribute and sell their products. Effective digital marketing strategies are essential for increasing online exposure and attracting potential customers. The study adopted the descriptive and analytical field approach to collect data from the study sample of marketing managers, reservations and sales managers, and other participants in the marketing process. Moreover, the population consisted of all leadership and supervisory positions in twenty-one five-star hotels in Jordan, withapproximately 500 employees. The sample selected was 222 employees. The author also used the PLS‒SEM technique to analyse the data. This finding revealed that dimensions such as email marketing have a significant and positive effect on the market share of five-star hotels in Jordan. Similarly, mobile marketing, search engine marketing and social media marketing also have significant positive effects on the market share of the hotels studied. On the other hand, the results did not show that marketing content creation and search engine optimisation had no noticeable effect on market share. Furthermore, more studies on search engine optimisationand the creation and promotion of attractive marketing content are recommended, given the inability of the current study to prove its impact on market share. It also recommends that hotels strengthen their digital strategy to keep pace with rapid developments and the strength of competition across networks.
Effect of Biostimulants on Plant Growth and Leaf Functional Compounds of Passiflora Plants
Authors: Chung Yu-Chiao , Chen Cheng-Hsuan , Chang Yu-Sen , Lin Kuan-Hung , Wu Chun-Wei
Published: October 2024

The influence of biostimulant treatments on Passiflora species was assessed by observing changes in the growth and leaf functional compounds of plants exposed to humic acids (HAs) and seaweed extracts (SEs) to determine their optimal application doses. Four different concentrations of HA irrigation (0, 144, 192, and 285 mg·L−1 per pot assigned as HI-1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively), HA spraying (0, 96, 128, and 192 mg·L−1 as HS-1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively), SE irrigation (SI-1∼4 at 0, 1, 1.33, and 2 g·L−1 per pot, respectively), and SE spraying (SS-1∼4 at 0, 0.5, 0.67, and 1 g·L−1, respectively) treatments were applied to ‘Tainung No. 1’ and Passiflora suberosa cultivars every week to study their responses in plant growth traits and metabolites. Results show that leaf dry weight (DW) and root DW of ‘Tainung No. 1’ plants under SS-3 and HI-4 treatments, respectively, were significantly increased compared with controls. Both HI-3 and HS-3 treatments remarkably increased vine length, fresh weight (FW), and DW of leaves and shoots in P. suberosa plants compared with controls. Furthermore, ‘Tainung No. 1’ and P. suberosa plants respectively subjected to HI-2 and SS-4 treatments contributed to developing biostimulant applications for obtaining higher total phenol and flavonoid content per plant. Both Passiflora species are recommended for treatment with SS-4 and SE to maximize orientin and isovitexin content, and for all their beneficial applications and sustainable use in agriculture.
Partially Substituting Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density with Far-red Photons Differentially Alters Biomass Accumulation and Photochemical Efficiency of Greenhouse Lettuce
Authors: Yan Zhengnan , Li Xin , Li Zhixin , Qi Ye , Song Jinxiu , Cheng Fei , Dou Haijie , Yang Yanjie
Published: October 2024

Adding far-red (FR) photons to a constant photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) alters photosynthesis, leaf morphology, and biomass accumulation of horticultural plants. However, the influences of partially substituting PPFD with FR photons under the same extended PPFD (ePPFD) on the growth of greenhouse lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is still unknown. In this study, loose-leaf lettuce (‘Dasusheng’) grown in a greenhouse in the fall was implemented using six supplementary light treatments including white plus red (WR) LEDs with substitutive FR photon flux density at 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, and 90 µmol·m−2·s−1 under the same ePPFD (WR139, WR129+FR10, WR109+FR30, WR89+FR50, WR69+FR70, and WR49+FR90, respectively). Lettuce grown with natural light only was designated as NL. The results indicated that supplementary light led to lower plant height, thicker leaves, higher biomass accumulation, higher vitamin C content, higher starch content, and higher total soluble sugar content in lettuce compared with those of lettuce grown under NL. Lettuce grown under WR139 resulted in a 40.0% decrease in plant height, 66.8% increase in leaf thickness, and 34.1% increase in shoot fresh weight compared with those of lettuce grown under NL. No significant differences were observed in leaf width, specific leaf area, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, soil plant analysis development value, apparent quantum yield, soluble protein content, and light use efficiency of lettuce among the WR139, WR129+FR10, and WR109+FR30 treatments. Furthermore, decreased trends were observed in the biomass accumulation and maximum net photosynthetic rate of lettuce with the increased substituted FR photon flux density. However, an opposite trend was found in the maximum photochemical quantum yield. In conclusion, partially substituting PPFD with FR photons at 10 to 30 μmol·m−2·s−1 had similar effects on the biomass accumulation and nutritional quality of greenhouse lettuce. The FR photons should be applied with the consideration of photon flux density because the results also demonstrated negative effects of excess substituted FR photons for PPFD.
Organizational support as a moderator on academic entrepreneurship performance in state universities
Authors: Ramadini Frida , Mulyana Asep , Yunizar  , Saefullah Kurniawan
Published: October 2024

Engaging in academic entrepreneurship enhances the potential for academics to generate scientific advancements, capitalize on findings, and create impactful contributions. This study examines how organizational support affects the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and role integration on academic entrepreneurship performance at state universities in Indonesia. The population includes lecturers from eleven state universities with research results that can be commercialized. A purposive sampling method selected 330 respondents, focusing on science and social sciences lecturers with research at a technological readiness level of 6 to 9, demonstrating pilot stages and commercialization readiness based on national assessments. Data analysis used variance-based structural equation modeling and partial least squares (PLS). The findings indicate that entrepreneurial orientation significantly affects academic entrepreneurship performance (p < 0.05), and role integration significantly affects academic entrepreneurship performance (p < 0.05). Additionally, organizational support moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and academic entrepreneurship performance (p < 0.05), and organizational support moderates the relationship between role integration and academic entrepreneurship performance (p < 0.05).
AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank the lecturers at eleven state universities in Indonesia who contributed to this investigation. Their assistance allowed the authors to obtain data that met the study criteria and generate accurate and exact data analysis per the research goals.
Mechanizmy naprawy uszkodzeń DNA a aktywacja odporności przeciwnowotworowej
Authors: Ampuła Karolina , Suchorska Wiktoria
Published: October 2024

Disruption of DNA damage response mechanisms can lead to replicative and transcriptional stress, accumulation of mutations and cytosolic DNA and even cell death. They can also result in malignant transformation, leading to development of breast, ovarian, colorectal, gastric or pancreatic cancer. Regulation of DNA repair processes, however, has applications in cancer therapy through activation of both the body's innate and adaptive immune response. This paper addresses the cGAS-STING system, which plays a key role in the detection of cytosolic DNA, the use of DNA repair element inhibitors (PARPi) in cancer therapy, and provides an overview of the activation of the anti-cancer response related to repair mechanisms such as homologous recombination.
Reflexos de interação e participação do ouvinte no conteúdo sonoro dos programas informativos de rádio de Tangará da Serra - MT
Authors: Kochhann Rosceli
Published: October 2024

A partir da compreensão de que os processos interativos radiofônicos têm suas características ampliadas e modificadas em um cenário de cultura digital, apresenta-se como objetivo fundamental do artigo: quantificar os reflexos de interação e participação dos ouvintes no conteúdo sonoro dos programas informativos levados ao ar pelas emissoras de rádio do município de Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso. Nesse contexto, pergunta-se: até que ponto a voz do público pode ser percebida de uma forma direta no conteúdo sonoro dos programas informativos das emissoras de rádio do município de Tangará da Serra? Para isso, realiza-se um estudo de abordagem quantitativa que utiliza a análise de conteúdo (Bardin, 2021) como técnica de pesquisa. Como resultado principal aponta-se que, no decorrer de uma semana de edições dos programas analisados, observou-se que em cento e doze momentos foi possível perceber marcas de interação e de participação do público de uma forma direta. Adiciona-se, ainda, a percepção de que o ouvinte poderia contribuir muito mais com o jornalismo das emissoras, caso fosse mais frequentemente incentivado a fazê-lo. Registra-se, também, a identificação de que a maioria das participações levadas ao ar são mediadas pelo aplicativo WhatsApp, ressaltando uma reconfiguração das interações radiofônicas.
Unraveling the Ferroptosis-inducing Potential of Methanol Leaves Extract of Prosopis Juliflora Via Downregulation of SLC7A11 and GPX4 mRNA Expression in A549 Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Alshammari Nawaf , Pandey Pratibha , Redhwan Alya , Bakhsh Hadeel R. , Lakhanpal Sorabh , Rab Safia Obaidur , Singh Ajay , Saeed Mohd , Khan Fahad , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Prosopis juliflora has been employed in many traditional treatments.
As evidenced by our earlier research, Prosopis juliflora leaf methanol extract (PJME) has a
promising future in the fight against lung cancer. It may also be used in conjunction with
other treatments to effectively manage lung cancer.

Aims and Objective:

The main objective of this study was to explore the potential of PJME to
inhibit lung cancer in A549 cells, along with its underlying mechanisms of action.

Methods:

The antiproliferative effects were determined using MTT and LDH tests. Apoptosis-
inducing capacity was evaluated using the DAPI staining, caspase-3 test, cytochrome C
assay, PARP cleavage, and qRT-PCR. To investigate the mechanism of action of PJME in
lung cancer, the levels of ROS, MMP, GSH, MDA, and specific ferroptosis indicators were
measured.

Results:

The experimental data of the current study indicated that exposure of A549 cells to
PJME reduced cell viability and increased cellular cytotoxicity. The apoptosis-inducing ability
of PJME in A549 cells was validated by enhanced nuclear condensation, level of the caspase-
3, cytochrome C, and PARP release. In addition, qRT-PCR investigations verified that
the administration of PJME led to a decrease in the expression of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2
while enhancing the mRNA level of pro-apoptotic genes, such as Bax and caspase-3, in
A549 cells.

Conclusion:

The study also found that PJME has the ability to activate ferroptosis pathways,
as evidenced by elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, changes in the
levels of antioxidant markers (MDA and GSH), and decreased expression of SLC7A11 and
GPX4. The results of the present study clearly showed that PJME inhibited the proliferation
of A549 cells and induced ferroptosis by reducing the expression of the important targets
SLC7A11 and GPX4. Further research is necessary to fully understand the clinical efficacy
of PJME before it can be investigated as supplemental or adjuvant therapy for lung cancer.
Establishment of an Integrated Population Pharmacokinetic/ Pharmacodynamics Model of Apixaban in Chinese Healthy Population Adjusting for Key Genetic Variants
Authors: Mu Guangyan , Liu Yaou , Xie Qiufen , Liu Zhiyan , Zhang Hanxu , Meng Xianmin , Song Jinfang , Wang Zhe , Zhou Shuang , Wang Zining , Hu Kun , Zhao Xia , Liao Maoxing , Bao Jiachun , Xiang Qian , Cui Yimin
Published: October 2024

Aims:

To improve the understanding of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) profiles of
apixaban, supporting personalised drug prescriptions for future patients.

Background:

Genetic as well as nongenetic factors can affect the predictable PK and PD characteristics of
apixaban.

Objective:

Establish a integrated popPK/PD model that adjusts for critical genetic variant.

Methods:

The integrated PK/PD models was characterized on the basis of PK (apixaban blood concentration)
and PD (prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and anti-FXa activity) data
from 181 healthy Chinese volunteers. Other investigated covariate variables included: Meaningful intrinsic
and extraneous determinants, correlated genetic factors (ABCG2, F13A1, C3, etc.). A total of 2877 PK concentration
observations were included in the modeling dataset.

Results:

The PK model of apixaban is adopted by single compartment model with first-order oral absorption.
The estimated values of total clearance rate (CL/F), apparent distribution volume (V/F), and absorption rate
constant (KA) in the final model are 3.37 L/h, 28.2 L, and 0.781 1/h, respectively. The PK model includes significance
covariates such as FOOD, RBC, WT, and gene (ABCG2). The PD model of apixaban is adopted by
a linear direct effect model with additive error, which was used to describe the relationship between markers
such as APTT, PT, anti-FXa, versus plasma concentration. PK simulation within the modelled dose range is
similar to clinical real date, while PD simulation results also show that the simulated exposure parameters is
within the range of the literature.

Conclusion:

We established a comprehensive PK/PD model and used it to simulate markers level such as
APTT, PT, and anti-FXa of apixaban. Individual predictive values with a dose of 2.5 mg are basically within
the expected recommended range.
Advance Screening of Bis-azetidinone Derivatives: Synthesis, Spectroscopy, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Analysis with Molecular Docking Assessment
Authors: Hussein Huda H. , Al-azawi Khalida F. , Hasoon Butheina A. , El-Sayed Doaa S.
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

This study includes synthesis, characterizations, antimicrobial, antiox-idant, and docking molecular study of novel Bis-Azetidinone compounds that combined two units of β-lactam rings .In the present investigation, the aromatic aldehydes with primary amine were condensed to create Schiff's base, which was then reacted with chloroacetylchloride to pro-duce bis-Azetidinone compounds.

Methods:

Melting points, FTIR, and NMR spectrum analyses were used to examine the morphological and topological characteristics of the Bis-Azetidinone compounds. The results indicate that the prepared Compounds synthesis has excellent antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli,), Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal (Candida albicans) and also indicated that the Compounds synthesis (A2) gave a higher antimicrobial effect than the B2, C2. The synergistic activity was examined against the pathogenic microbial strains. It was observed that employing compound synthesis combined with antibiotics enhanced the synergistic efficacy compared to using compound synthesis alone or antibiotic alone on Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.

Results:

The antioxidant efficiency was assessed by DPPH, the results show that the compound synthesis has antioxidant activity, and also indicated that the synthesized compound (A2) gave a higher antioxidant effect than the B2, C2. Docking study confirmed via redocking of crystalized substrate or inhibitor within target binding pocket. The docking results reveal that the synthesized compounds, with a total binding affinity of less than -48 kcal/mol, could be clinically used for future therapeutic purposes.

Conclusion:

The present research demonstrates the advantageous effectiveness of a simpler production procedure, novel Bis-Azetidinone compounds, for producing high-purity with low hazard that may be utilized as future possible medical therapies.
New Age Attacks on Smart Homes and CyberPhysical Systems
Authors: Bhardwaj Akashdeep
Published: October 2024

As smart homes and cyber-physical systems become increasingly integrated
into our daily lives, they also become susceptible to new and sophisticated forms of
cyberattacks. This chapter explores the emerging landscape of new age attacks
targeting these interconnected environments. It delves into the diverse range of threats
that exploit vulnerabilities in smart home devices and their underlying cyber-physical
components. Through comprehensive analysis and case studies, this chapter sheds light
on the potential consequences of such attacks and emphasizes the importance of
proactive measures to safeguard these systems. By understanding these evolving threats,
researchers, practitioners, and policymakers can collectively work toward fortifying the
security and resilience of smart homes and cyber-physical systems.