bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desarrollo y validación de la Escala Breve de Autoevaluación de la Sabiduría (EBAS) en adultos mayores argentinos
Authors: Urrutia Andrés , Moisset de Espanés Gastón , Ferrari César , Borgna Gabriela , Alderete Ana María , Villar Feliciano
Published: February 2017

El objetivo de la investigación es el diseño de una escala breve en español para la evaluación de la sabiduría en adultos mayores. Para ello se llevaron a cabo tres estudios. En el primero, una muestra de 505 adultos mayores de 50 años completó un cuestionario de 45 ítems seleccionados por jueces expertos en relación con la sabiduría. Un análisis de componentes principales ofreció una solución 20 ítems agrupados en tres componentes, que explicaba el 42% de la varianza, con una consistencia interna satisfactoria (α=.85). Posteriormente se puso a prueba la validez estructural de la escala mediante un AFC aplicado a los datos aportados por una muestra de 290 adultos mayores de 50 años. La solución con tres dimensiones independientes era la que mostraba una mejor bondad de ajuste. Por último, en un tercer estudio con 409 adultos mayores de 50 años, se obtuvieron datos respecto a la validez concurrente y estabilidad temporal de las puntuaciones de la escala. Se encontró una relación moderadamente alta con otras escalas similares (r=.45), una relación baja con una escala de deseabilidad social (r=.26) y una correlación test-retest satisfactoria (r=.75). Se comentan las implicaciones teóricas y posibles usos de la nueva escala, así como sus limitaciones.
El efecto de consecuencias diferenciales: un caso de investigación traslacional
Authors: Mateos Morfín Laura Rebeca , Flores Aguirre Carlos Javier
Published: February 2017

La investigación traslacional representa un esfuerzo por integrar los hallazgos derivados de la investigación básica y aproximarlos al ámbito aplicado. El presente trabajo plantea al área de investigación relativa al Efecto de Consecuencias Diferenciales (ECD) como un caso de investigación traslacional caracterizada por su contribución en el aprendizaje de discriminaciones condicionales. Se realiza una revisión que parte de algunos de los trabajos germinales con animales de laboratorio y que continúa con los primeros estudios con humanos. Posteriormente, se revisan algunos estudios que destacan el potencial de aplicación de los Procedimientos con Consecuencias Diferenciales (PCD) como herramienta para el tratamiento de personas con diversos padecimientos asociados a deficiencias en el aprendizaje y la memoria, así como su empleo en el ámbito educativo en situaciones que implican el aprendizaje de discriminaciones condicionales.
Inhibición y actualización en comprensión de textos: una revisión
Authors: Roldán Luis Ángel
Published: February 2017

El presente trabajo describe un conjunto de investigaciones en las que se

indagan las relaciones entre funciones ejecutivas y comprensión de textos. Se revisan específicamente de qué forma se asocian los procesos de actualización e inhibición con la construcción de un significado global del texto por parte del lector en un contexto determinado. Se seleccionaron investigaciones a través de las base de datos Redalyc, Scielo, Pepsic y Dialnet, bajos los descriptores “funciones ejecutivas” y “comprensión lectora”. El corpus de investigaciones revisado no afirma en todos los casos que la inhibición sea discriminante de la comprensión exitosa. La actualización, en cambio, parece ser un buen predictor de la comprensión lectora en todos los trabajos revisados. Se puntualiza que los instrumentos diversos con que se han indagado ambas funciones ejecutivas limitan la comparación de resultados. Se propone para futuros estudios, realizar evaluaciones con similares instrumentos que permitan arribar a resultados comparables que sean la base para la evaluación y la intervención en comprensión de textos.
Hacia un modelo jerárquico contextual y disposicional del aprendizaje
Authors: Cecchini-Estrada José Antonio , Méndez-Giménez Antonio , Fernández-Río Javier
Published: February 2017

El propósito de la investigación es examinar el patrón secuencial de un modelo teórico que incluye variables contextuales y disposicionales en el aprendizaje de tres materias de educación secundaria obligatoria: Matemáticas (MT), Lengua Castellana y Literatura (LC) y Educación Física (EF). La muestra estuvo formada por 1108 estudiantes de educación secundaria (374 de MT, 364 de LC y 370 de EF). Se constató la validez del modelo mediante un análisis de estructuras de covarianzas, primero de manera independiente en cada asignatura, enfrentándolo, además, con modelos rivales. De los modelos testados el que presenta mejores valores, en los tres casos, es el que se hipotetizó en este estudio, con resultados muy similares en todos los parámetros estimados a los observados en el análisis factorial confirmatorio preliminar. El análisis multistep de invarianza mostró que los modelos presentaban índices de ajuste aceptables. El modelo de estructura de covarianza testado sitúa al alumnado en el eje de todo el proceso y al profesor como un ayudante eficaz, además permite superar la tradicional contraposición entre esfuerzo e interés.
Structural Equivalence of an Attitude Toward Religion Scale in Mexico, Nicaragua and China
Authors: Aguilera Mijares Santiago , Domínguez Espinosa Alejandra Del Carmen , Velasco Matus Pedro Wolfgang
Published: February 2017

The Attitude toward Catholicism, Judaism, Hinduism, and Islam scales were adapted for this study into a single scale that measures overall attitudes towards religion. The resulting Attitude toward Religion (ATR) Scale was adapted into both Spanish and Chinese and administered in Mexico (n = 265), Nicaragua (n = 296), and China (n = 460) to a total of 1,021 individuals (59% women, 41% men; Mage = 22.4 years, SD = 7.01 years). The scale’s structural equivalence (i.e. Does the instrument measure the same construct in each country?) was assessed using Exploratory Factor Analyses and pairwise comparisons. Strong evidence for structural equivalence was provided by the analyses’ results, as we obtained a one-dimensional solution (labeled Attitude Toward Religion, ATR) in all three countries and Tucker’s Phi test was very close to 1. These findings support the unidimensional solution for attitudes toward religions obtained in previous scales and broaden the scope for these studies in several cultural contexts. Further implications are discussed.
Universitas Psychologica: un camino hacia la internacionalización
Authors: Aguado-López Eduardo , Becerril-García Arianna , Aguilar Bustamante Maria Constanza
Published: February 2017

La internacionalización se ha convertido en una meta generalizada entre todos los actores involucrados a la ciencia, quienes buscan una visibilidad fuera de las fronteras nacionales a partir de una lógica exógena en el proceso de construcción del conocimiento. Observando esto se analiza la hoja de ruta de Universitas Psychologica en su camino a la internacionalización. Se concluye que dicha publicación es un referente en el debate científico de la psicología, dado el peso predominante de la producción externa, impulsada principalmente por la colaboración entre autores extranjeros; esta apertura al exterior se replica en la producción interna y en el uso de la revista, cuyas descargas se realizan principalmente fuera del país editor. Para el análisis, se consideran los casi mil artículos de la revista integrados a redalyc.org del periodo 2002-2015, haciendo uso de los indicadores de producción, colaboración y uso que dicha base de datos ofrece.
Mapeando las opiniones de los franceses sobre la castración química de delincuentes sexuales que abusan de niños y adolescentes
Authors: Sedkaoui Hassen , Mullet Etienne
Published: February 2017

Sex offenses to children or young adolescents have become a growing public concern. Chemical castration is currently considered as the best available societal response to child sex abuse. It abolishes testosterone secretion, its effects are reversible and side effects are minor. It has been argued that offering convicted sex offenders with the possibility to be treated may be in contradiction with the bioethics principle of autonomy because the person has really no other choice -- the alternative is usually a lengthy confinement sentence. In view of this controversy, we explored lay people’s and physicians’ views regarding the acceptability of chemical castration. Fifty participants (among them five physicians) judged the acceptability of castration in each of 36 scenarios consisting of all combinations of four factors: aggressor’s age (21 vs. 41-year old); (b) victim(s)’ age (5, 8, or 14-year old); (c) aggressor’s psychiatric status (no psychiatric antecedents, suffers from sexual deviation, or recidivist); and (d) family’s attitude (hostile to any kind of castration vs. approve castration). Participants’ ratings of acceptability were, on the average, very high, and 68% of participants considered that chemical castration was fully justified in all the cases that were shown. A small minority (8%) considered that first time offenders of young adolescents, without psychiatric antecedents, should not be chemically castrated. Another minority position (24%) expressed doubts regarding chemical castration of first time offenders without antecedents but they never strongly opposed it. Implications for bioethics are discussed.
African American Teacher Candidates’ Experiences in Teaching Secondary Physical Education
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Hodge Samuel Russell
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study was to describe and explain the teaching experiences of African American physical education teacher candidates in secondary physical education programs at urban schools. The research design was explanatory multiple-case study situated in positioning theory (Harré & van Langenhove, 1999). The participants were seven African American physical education teacher candidates. The data sources were interviews, self-reflective journal logs, and e-portfolios. The data were analyzed using a constant comparative method (Boeije, 2010). The thematic findings were: (a) tacit positioning (unconscious and unintentional), (b) self–other discourse, and (c) reflective positioning. The study’s findings offer additional empirical evidence that physical education teacher education programs must do more to better prepare teacher candidates for working in urban schools with greater cultural competency and higher self-efficacy.
A key malaria metabolite modulates vector blood seeking, feeding, and susceptibility to infection
Authors: Emami S. Noushin , Lindberg Bo G. , Hua Susanna , Hill Sharon R. , Mozuraitis Raimondas , Lehmann Philipp , Birgersson Göran , Borg-Karlson Anna-Karin , Ignell Rickard , Faye Ingrid
Published: February 2017

Siren molecule calls loudly to mosquitoes

People infected by malaria become more attractive to the mosquito vectors of the disease, which facilitates the spread of malaria. Emami
et al.
found that red blood cells of the host respond to a parasite-derived isoprenoid called HMBPP by increasing the production of carbon dioxide and several monoterpenes and aldehydes. Mosquitoes fed HMBPP-spiked blood displayed malaria parasite–specific changes in gene transcription, which reinforced attractiveness for the mosquito. HMBPP also stimulates mosquito feeding and malaria parasite reproduction. Thus, the parasite manipulates its mammalian host to make it more attractive to the insect vectors and exploits the same molecule to amplify transmission.

Science
, this issue p.
1076
Antibiotic tolerance facilitates the evolution of resistance
Authors: Levin-Reisman Irit , Ronin Irine , Gefen Orit , Braniss Ilan , Shoresh Noam , Balaban Nathalie Q.
Published: February 2017

Resistance on a background of tolerance

Bacteria survive antibiotic exposure either because they are quiescent when antibiotics are around in the highest concentrations (i.e., tolerance) or because they acquire active biochemical resistance mechanisms (i.e., resistance). Both tolerance and resistance involve the acquisition of mutations from the wild type. Levin-Reisman
et al.
used in vitro evolution experiments to show that populations of bacteria that become genetically resistant to the antibiotic ampicillin most quickly do so on a background of tolerance mutations (see the Perspective by Lewis and Shan). Because the probability of a tolerant organism surviving is higher, it has a greater chance of subsequently acquiring resistance mutations. Tolerance is often overlooked in the clinic but should in future be screened for and targeted more precisely to reduce the rates of acquired resistance.

Science
, this issue p.
826
; see also p.
796
Structure of a eukaryotic voltage-gated sodium channel at near-atomic resolution
Authors: Shen Huaizong , Zhou Qiang , Pan Xiaojing , Li Zhangqiang , Wu Jianping , Yan Nieng
Published: February 2017

Navigating regulated cell excitation

Voltage-gated sodium (Na
v
) channels respond to a change in voltage potential by allowing sodium ions to move into cells, thus initiating electrical signaling. Mutations in Na
v
channels cause neurological and cardiovascular disorders, making the channels important therapeutic targets. Shen
et al.
determined a high-resolution structure of a Na
v
channel from the American cockroach by electron microscopy. The structure affords insight into voltage sensing and ion permeability and provides a foundation for understanding function and disease mechanism of Na
v
and the related Ca
v
ion channels.

Science
, this issue p.
eaal4326
100K Pathogen Genome Project: 306
Listeria
Draft Genome Sequences for Food Safety and Public Health
Authors: Chen Poyin , Kong Nguyet , Huang Bihua , Thao Kao , Ng Whitney , Storey Dylan Bobby , Arabyan Narine , Foutouhi Azarene , Foutouhi Soraya , Weimer Bart C.
Published: February 2017

Listeria monocytogenes
is a food-associated bacterium that is responsible for food-related illnesses worldwide. This is the initial public release of 306
L. monocytogenes
genome sequences as part of the 100K Pathogen Genome Project. These isolates represent global genomic diversity in
L. monocytogenes
.
Complete Genome Sequence of BK Polyomavirus Subtype Ib-1 Detected in a Kidney Transplant Patient with BK Viremia Using Shotgun Sequencing
Authors: Ranjan Ravi , Rani Asha , Brennan Daniel C. , Finn Patricia W. , Perkins David L.
Published: February 2017

We report here the complete genome sequence of polyomavirus BK subtype Ib-1, isolate AR11, identified in urine from a human kidney transplant recipient with a clinical diagnosis of BK viremia. The AR11 isolate is closely related to reference strain human polyomavirus 1 isolate J2B-2 with 99% identity.
Genome Sequence of the First Coleopteran Iflavirus Isolated from Western Corn Rootworm,
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
LeConte
Authors: Liu Sijun , Chen Yuting , Sappington Thomas W. , Bonning Bryony C.
Published: February 2017

The genome sequence of a novel iflavirus was identified from the transcriptome of the western corn rootworm,
Diabrotica virgifera virgifera
. The RNA sequence consists of 9,823 nucleotides (nt) with a 3′ polyadenylated tail, containing a single open reading frame that encodes a 3,028-amino-acid polyprotein.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Sequence Type 11 Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Strain Carrying a
bla
KPC-2
Carbapenemase Gene and an
rmtB
16S rRNA Methylase Gene
Authors: Yao Zhihong , Feng Yu , Wei Li , Zong Zhiyong
Published: February 2017

Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain WCHKP649, recovered from a human wound, carried the carbapenemase gene
bla
KPC-2
and 16S rRNA methylase gene
rmtB
. Here, we report its 5.6-Mb draft genome sequence, comprising 171 contigs with an average 57.34% G+C content. The genome contained 5,284 coding sequences and 84 tRNA genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mycoplasma bovigenitalium Strain HAZ 596 from a Bovine Vagina in Japan
Authors: Hata Eiji , Nagai Kazuya , Murakami Kenji
Published: February 2017

Mycoplasma bovigenitalium
, a mycoplasmal species involved in various bovine diseases, including genital disease and mastitis, is also a commensal microorganism that inhabits the bovine genital organs. We present here the complete 853,553-bp genome sequence of
M. bovigenitalium
strain HAZ 596, which was isolated from a bovine vagina in Japan.
Genome Sequence of the Filamentous Actinomycete
Kitasatospora viridifaciens
Authors: Ramijan Karina , van Wezel Gilles P. , Claessen Dennis
Published: February 2017

The vast majority of antibiotics are produced by filamentous soil bacteria called actinomycetes. We report here the genome sequence of the tetracycline producer “
Streptomyces viridifaciens
” DSM 40239. Given that this species has the hallmark signatures characteristic of the
Kitasatospora
genus, we previously proposed to rename this organism
Kitasatospora viridifaciens
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Ichthyobacterium seriolicida JBKA-6
T
, Isolated from Yellowtail (Seriola quinqueradiata) Affected by Bacterial Hemolytic Jaundice
Authors: Takano Tomokazu , Nakamura Yoji , Matsuyama Tomomasa , Sakai Takamitsu , Shigenobu Yuya , Sugaya Takuma , Yasuike Motoshige , Fujiwara Atushi , Kondo Hidehiro , Hirono Ikuo , Fukuda Yutaka , Nakayasu Chihaya
Published: February 2017

Ichthyobacterium seriolicida
is a fish bacterial pathogen that causes hemolytic jaundice in farmed yellowtail in Japan. To understand more about the characteristics of this bacterium, we determined its complete genome sequence. Two hemolysin genes which may be important for its pathogenicity were identified in the
I. seriolicida
genome.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Velogenic Newcastle Disease Virus Strain Isolated from a Clinically Healthy Exotic Parakeet (
Melopsittacus undulatus
) in Pakistan
Authors: Wajid Abdul , Basharat Asma , Khan Taseer Ahmed , Wasim Muhammad , Rehmani Shafqat Fatima
Published: February 2017

The complete genome sequence of a virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) strain isolated from an exotic parakeet (
Melopsittacus undulatus
) is described here. The virulent strain parakeet/Pak/R-Pindi/SFR-16/2016 was isolated from a bird reared as a pet in the province of Punjab in the northern region of Pakistan in 2016. Phylogenetic analysis classified the isolate as a member of NDV class II, subgenotype VIIi, in genotype VII.
Draft Genome Sequence of Halolamina pelagica CDK2 Isolated from Natural Salterns from Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India
Authors: Gaba Sonam , Singh Ram Nageena , Abrol Shrutica , Yadav Ajar Nath , Saxena Anil Kumar , Kaushik Rajeev
Published: February 2017

Halolamina pelagica
strain CDK2, a halophilic archaeon (growth range 1.36 to 5.12 M NaCl), was isolated from rhizosphere of wild grasses of hypersaline soil of the Rann of Kutch, Gujarat, India. Its draft genome contains 2,972,542 bp and 3,485 coding sequences, depicting genes for halophilic serine proteases and trehalose synthesis.
De Novo
Whole-Genome Sequence of Xylella fastidiosa subsp.
multiplex
Strain BB01 Isolated from a Blueberry in Georgia, USA
Authors: Van Horn Christopher , Chang Chung-Jan , Chen Jianchi
Published: February 2017

This study reports a
de novo
-assembled draft genome sequence of
Xylella fastidiosa
subsp.
multiplex
strain BB01 causing blueberry bacterial leaf scorch in Georgia, USA. The BB01 genome is 2,517,579 bp, with a G+C content of 51.8%, 2,943 open reading frames (ORFs), and 48 RNA genes.
Genome Sequence of a Marbled Eel Polyoma-Like Virus in Taiwan
Authors: Wen Chiu-Ming , Liu Ping-Chung , Nan Fan-Hua
Published: February 2017

We report here the complete genome sequence of a virus isolated from a diseased marbled eel (
Anguilla marmorata
) in Taiwan. The virus has been characterized as being related to Japanese eel endothelial cell-infecting virus (JEECV), with a large T-antigen-like protein. The sequence of the marbled eel virus displays low homology to the JEECV.
Current Status of the Preharvest Application of Pro- and Prebiotics to Farm Animals to Enhance the Microbial Safety of Animal Products
Authors: Joerger Rolf D. , Ganguly Arpeeta
Published: February 2017

The selection of microorganisms that act as probiotics and feed additives that act as prebiotics is an ongoing research effort, but a sizable range of commercial pro-, pre- and synbiotic (combining pro- and prebiotics) products are already available and being used on farms. A survey of the composition of commercial products available in the United States revealed that
Lactobacillus acidophilus
,
Enterococcus faecium
, and
Bacillus subtilis
were the three most common species in probiotic products. Of the nearly 130 probiotic products (also called direct-fed microbials) for which information was available, about 50 also contained yeasts or molds. The focus on these particular bacteria and eukaryotes is due to long-standing ideas about the benefits of such strains, research data on effectiveness primarily in laboratory or research farm settings, and regulations that dictate which microorganisms or feed additives can be administered to farm animals. Of the direct-fed microbials, only six made a claim relating to food safety or competitive exclusion of pathogens. None of the approximately 50 prebiotic products mentioned food safety in their descriptions. The remainder emphasized enhancement of animal performance such as weight gain or overall animal health. The reason why so few products carry food safety-related claims is the difficulties in establishing unambiguous cause and effect relationships between the application of such products in varied and constantly changing farm environments and improved food safety of the end product.
A qualitative study of emergency physicians’ perspectives on PROMS in the emergency department
Authors: Dainty Katie N , Seaton Bianca , Laupacis Andreas , Schull Michael , Vaillancourt Samuel
Published: February 2017

Introduction

There is a growing emphasis on including patients' perspectives on outcomes as a measure of quality care. To date, this has been challenging in the emergency department (ED) setting. To better understand the root of this challenge, we looked to ED physicians' perspectives on their role, relationships and responsibilities to inform future development and implementation of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs).

Methods

ED physicians from hospitals across Canada were invited to participate in interviews using a snowballing sampling technique. Semistructured interviews were conducted by phone with questions focused on the role and practice of ED physicians, their relationship with their patients and their thoughts on patient-reported feedback as a mechanism for quality improvement. Transcripts were analysed using a modified constant comparative method and interpretive descriptive framework.

Results

Interviews were completed with 30 individual physicians. Respondents were diverse in location, training and years in practice. Physicians reported being interested in ‘objective’ postdischarge information including adverse events, readmissions, other physicians’ notes, etc in a select group of complex patients, but saw ‘patient-reported’ feedback as less valuable due to perceived biases. They were unsure about the impact of such feedback mainly because of the episodic nature of their work. Concerns about timing, as well as about their legal and ethical responsibilities to follow-up if poor patient outcomes are reported, were raised.

Conclusions

Data collection and feedback are key elements of a learning health system. While patient-reported outcomes may have a role in feedback, ED physicians are conflicted about the actionability of such data and ethical implications, given the inherently episodic nature of their work. These findings have important implications for PROM design and implementation in this unique clinical setting.
Performance gaps and improvement plans from a 5-hospital simulation programme for anaesthesiology providers: a retrospective study
Authors: DeMaria Samuel , Levine Adam , Petrou Philip , Feldman David , Kischak Patricia , Burden Amanda , Goldberg Andrew
Published: February 2017

Background

Simulation is increasingly employed in healthcare provider education, but usage as a means of identifying system-wide practitioner gaps has been limited. We sought to determine whether practice gaps could be identified, and if meaningful improvement plans could result from a simulation course for anaesthesiology providers.

Methods

Over a 2-year cycle, 288 anaesthesiologists and 67 certified registered nurse anaesthetists (CRNAs) participated in a 3.5 hour, malpractice insurer-mandated simulation course, encountering 4 scenarios. 5 anaesthesiology departments within 3 urban academic healthcare systems were represented. A real-time rater scored each individual on 12 critical performance items (CPIs) representing learning objectives for a given scenario. Participants completed a course satisfaction survey, a 1-month postcourse practice improvement plan (PIP) and a 6-month follow-up survey.

Results

All recorded course data were retrospectively reviewed. Course satisfaction was generally positive (88–97% positive rating by item). 4231 individual CPIs were recorded (of a possible 4260 rateable), with a majority of participants demonstrating remediable gaps in medical/technical and non-technical skills (97% of groups had at least one instance of a remediable gap in communication/non-technical skills during at least one of the scenarios). 6 months following the course, 91% of respondents reported successfully implementing 1 or more of their PIPs. Improvements in equipment/environmental resources or personal knowledge domains were most often successful, and several individual reports demonstrated a positive impact on actual practice.

Conclusions

This professional liability insurer-initiated simulation course for 5 anaesthesiology departments was feasible to deliver and well received. Practice gaps were identified during the course and remediation of gaps, and/or application of new knowledge, skills and resources was reported by participants.
Endoscopic management of Barrett's and early oesophageal neoplasia
Authors: Lipman G , Haidry RJ
Published: February 2017

Barrett's oesophagus (BO) is the only known precursor to oesophageal adenocarcinoma (OAC). Dysplasia and intramucosal cancer arising in BO can safely be treated with endoscopic eradication therapy (EET) due to the low risk of subsequent lymph node metastasis. Treatment at an early stage is paramount due to the ongoing poor prognosis and outcomes of patients with advanced OAC. The mainstay of treatment is endoscopic resection of visible lesions for accurate staging followed by ablation therapy to all remaining columnar-lined epithelium, most commonly with radiofrequency ablation. Successful eradication of dysplasia can be achieved in >95% of patients with this EET combined approach.
Endoscopy provision: meeting the challenges
Authors: Seward Edward , Lumley Sophie
Published: February 2017

Background

Endoscopy activity has been increasing in the UK for many years. However, the increasing demand is currently disproportionate to delivered capacity. This, in combination with mandatory efficiency savings, presents an ongoing challenge in the effective continued delivery of diagnostic endoscopy services.

Recent developments

New initiatives in the field of endoscopy that may impact on resource include: faecal immunochemical test, straight to test referral systems, nurse endoscopists, home enemas and split dose bowel preparation.

Future potential

System review and improvement is paramount to ensure the diagnostic pathway is of a high clinical quality, efficient, patient focused and sustainable.
Polypectomy and advanced endoscopic resection
Authors: Kandiah Kesavan , Subramaniam Sharmila , Bhandari Pradeep
Published: February 2017

Most colorectal cancers evolve from colorectal adenomatous polyps in a pathway known as the adenoma to carcinoma sequence. Early detection and removal of colorectal adenomas can prevent the development of colorectal cancer. The vast majority of these polyps can be resected endoscopically. Advances in endoscopic resection techniques have led to expanded indications for endoscopic polypectomy, whereby giant polyps, scarred lesions and early cancers may be cured. We will outline conventional endoscopic mucosal resection techniques as well as more complex resection methods such as endoscopic submucosal dissection, full thickness resection and the use of combined endoscopic and laparoscopic assisted approaches to resection. We will also explore the role of a virtual multidisciplinary team to aid decision-making when managing large and complex colorectal polyps. This review will provide an update on the endoscopic management of colorectal polyps and highlight exciting new developments in this ever-expanding field.
POEM and the management of achalasia
Authors: Banks Matthew , Sweis Rami
Published: February 2017

Achalasia is a rare oesophageal motility disorder predominantly causing dysphagia and regurgitation of food and fluids. Diagnosis is made typically after a combination of tests including endoscopy, barium swallow and oesophageal manometry. The advent of high-resolution manometry has led to the Chicago Classification which divided achalasia into three types. This improved the understanding of presentation, prognosis and might also help tailor therapy. Botulinum toxin has been shown to have good, but short-term efficacy. The predominant treatments include pneumatic balloon dilatation and laparoscopic Heller's myotomy, both of which have similar and durable outcomes, although the success of both reduces with time. Per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has been shown to be as effective, safe and durable as earlier treatments for achalasia; however, randomised controlled trials are lacking. Indications for POEM are expanding to other hypercontractile motility disorders of the oesophagus.
Dibaryon octet strong decay coupling constants sum rules with first-order SU(3) symmetry breaking
Authors: Polanco-Euán E. N. , Sánchez-Colón G. , Gupta V.
Published: February 2017

The SU(3) octet states with baryon number B = 2, hexaquark dibaryons, are considered. We extend previous work and determine strong decay coupling constants sum rules with first-order SU(3) symmetry breaking for dibaryon octet into two ordinary baryon octets and into a baryon octet plus a baryon decuplet. Possibilities for the experimental observation of multibaryon and anti-multibaryon states are pointed out.
Study of α-Fe2O3 formation and its measurement in oxide films of wheel surface during ELID grinding process
Authors: Kuai Jicai , Ardashev Dmitrii V. , Zhang Huali
Published: February 2017

This paper presents the study of forming mechanism of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 in oxide films on electrolytic in-process dressing (ELID) grinding wheel surface. To investigate the component content and the microtopography of oxide films, XRD, XPS, IR spectrum analysis, SEM, and TEM measurements are performed on ELID grinding wheels. In XRD test results, the characteristic absorption band of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 is found in the oxide film. XPS tests show that there is full of ferrous iron and oxygen element in the oxide film. Also, the characteristic spectral line of XPS is identical to the standard spectrum of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3. Several vibration peaks (471, 1029, 1384, 1630, 3430) are observed by IR spectrum analysis. It can be easily seen by contrast with the standard photographs that the vibration peak of 1029 is of Fe-O vibration band in IR spectrum of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 powder. Therefore, these measurement results confirm the existence of [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 in the oxide films, and explain the polishing effect of oxide films during ELID grinding. The fresh oxide film is porous and moisture rich. However, the oxide film after squeezing to dry is investigated by SEM imaging to present tortoiseshell cracks. Geometrically, [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3 appears to be nearly spherical with particle size around 5–50 nm. This indicates fine polishing improvement by oxide films, and is identified as the mechanism responsible for excellent surface quality by ELID grinding.
A Theoretical Framework for Lagrangian Descriptors
Authors: Lopesino C. , Balibrea-Iniesta F. , García-Garrido V. J. , Wiggins S. , Mancho A. M.
Published: February 2017

This paper provides a theoretical background for Lagrangian Descriptors (LDs). The goal of achieving rigorous proofs that justify the ability of LDs to detect invariant manifolds is simplified by introducing an alternative definition for LDs. The definition is stated for [Formula: see text]-dimensional systems with general time dependence, however we rigorously prove that this method reveals the stable and unstable manifolds of hyperbolic points in four particular 2D cases: a hyperbolic saddle point for linear autonomous systems, a hyperbolic saddle point for nonlinear autonomous systems, a hyperbolic saddle point for linear nonautonomous systems and a hyperbolic saddle point for nonlinear nonautonomous systems. We also discuss further rigorous results which show the ability of LDs to highlight additional invariants sets, such as [Formula: see text]-tori. These results are just a simple extension of the ergodic partition theory which we illustrate by applying this methodology to well-known examples, such as the planar field of the harmonic oscillator and the 3D ABC flow. Finally, we provide a thorough discussion on the requirement of the objectivity (frame-invariance) property for tools designed to reveal phase space structures and their implications for Lagrangian descriptors.
Generalized Smooth Transition Map Between Tent and Logistic Maps
Authors: Sayed Wafaa S. , Fahmy Hossam A. H. , Rezk Ahmed A. , Radwan Ahmed G.
Published: February 2017

There is a continuous demand on novel chaotic generators to be employed in various modeling and pseudo-random number generation applications. This paper proposes a new chaotic map which is a general form for one-dimensional discrete-time maps employing the power function with the tent and logistic maps as special cases. The proposed map uses extra parameters to provide responses that fit multiple applications for which conventional maps were not enough. The proposed generalization covers also maps whose iterative relations are not based on polynomials, i.e. with fractional powers. We introduce a framework for analyzing the proposed map mathematically and predicting its behavior for various combinations of its parameters. In addition, we present and explain the transition map which results in intermediate responses as the parameters vary from their values corresponding to tent map to those corresponding to logistic map case. We study the properties of the proposed map including graph of the map equation, general bifurcation diagram and its key-points, output sequences, and maximum Lyapunov exponent. We present further explorations such as effects of scaling, system response with respect to the new parameters, and operating ranges other than transition region. Finally, a stream cipher system based on the generalized transition map validates its utility for image encryption applications. The system allows the construction of more efficient encryption keys which enhances its sensitivity and other cryptographic properties.
An Experiment of the Malkus–Lorenz Waterwheel and Its Measurement by Image Processing
Authors: Kim Heewon , Seo Jiwon , Jeong Bora , Min Chohong
Published: February 2017

We introduce a simple and efficient experimental setup for the Malkus–Lorenz waterwheel. Through a series of image processing techniques, our work is listed as one of the few experiments that measure not only the angular velocity but also the mass distribution. Our experiment is to observe qualitative changes on the waterwheel as the leakage rate changes, while the other physical parameters are fixed. We perform a bifurcation analysis for the qualitative changes, and the phase portraits from experiments are validated by the bifurcation analysis.
Existence and Stability of Invariant Cones in 3-Dim Homogeneous Piecewise Linear Systems with Two Zones
Authors: Huan Song-Mei
Published: February 2017

We mainly investigate the existence, stability and number of invariant cones in 3-dim homogeneous piecewise linear systems with two zones separated by a plane containing the 1-dim invariant manifold of each linear subsystem. By transforming the system into a proper form with the 1-dim invariant manifolds on the separation plane either coincident or perpendicular, we obtain complete results on the existence, stability and number of invariant cones and show that the maximum number of invariant cones is two. The explicit parameter relations obtained here contribute to understanding and investigating bifurcation phenomena occurring in nonsmooth dynamical systems.
Oscillation Reconstruction and Bifurcation Analysis of a Drillbit–Rock Vibro-Impact System
Authors: Liao Maolin , Su Yinao , Zhou Yingcao
Published: February 2017

A drillbit–rock vibro-impact system with a linear rock contact law is considered in this paper. This system is a simplified model to study the drillbit oscillation in a percussive drilling system. The main purpose of this work is to explore the optimized vibration condition of the drillbit to improve the drilling efficiency in practical drilling applications. In order to eliminate the influences of drilling progression on the dynamic analysis of drillbit oscillation, the drillbit oscillation is separated from its drift via oscillation reconstruction. The obtained bounded mathematical model is analyzed by numerical integration and numerical continuation. Based on the codimension-one bifurcations detected by TC-HAT during one-parameter continuation, the two-parameter bifurcation curves are traced by two-parameter continuation. These explored two-parameter bifurcation curves constitute the parameter boundaries for the period-one one-impact oscillation of drillbit, which is verified as the optimal oscillation with the highest drilling efficiency.
A Mathematical Model of Demand-Supply Dynamics with Collectability and Saturation Factors
Authors: Li Y. Charles , Yang Hong
Published: February 2017

We introduce a mathematical model on the dynamics of demand and supply incorporating collectability and saturation factors. Our analysis shows that when the fluctuation of the determinants of demand and supply is strong enough, there is chaos in the demand-supply dynamics. Our numerical simulation shows that such a chaos is not an attractor (i.e. dynamics is not approaching the chaos), instead a periodic attractor (of period-3 under the Poincaré period map) exists near the chaos, and coexists with another periodic attractor (of period-1 under the Poincaré period map) near the market equilibrium. Outside the basins of attraction of the two periodic attractors, the dynamics approaches infinity indicating market irrational exuberance or flash crash. The period-3 attractor represents the product’s market cycle of growth and recession, while period-1 attractor near the market equilibrium represents the regular fluctuation of the product’s market. Thus our model captures more market phenomena besides Marshall’s market equilibrium. When the fluctuation of the determinants of demand and supply is strong enough, a three leaf danger zone exists where the basins of attraction of all attractors intertwine and fractal basin boundaries are formed. Small perturbations in the danger zone can lead to very different attractors. That is, small perturbations in the danger zone can cause the market to experience oscillation near market equilibrium, large growth and recession cycle, and irrational exuberance or flash crash.
A quest toward a mathematical theory of the dynamics of swarms
Authors: Bellomo Nicola , Ha Seung-Yeal
Published: February 2017

This paper addresses some preliminary steps toward the modeling and qualitative analysis of swarms viewed as living complex systems. The approach is based on the methods of kinetic theory and statistical mechanics, where interactions at the microscopic scale are nonlocal, nonlinearly additive and modeled by theoretical tools of stochastic game theory. Collective learning theory can play an important role in the modeling approach. We present a kinetic equation incorporating the Cucker–Smale flocking force and stochastic game theoretic interactions in collision operators. We also present a sufficient framework leading to the asymptotic velocity alignment and global existence of smooth solutions for the proposed kinetic model with a special kernel. Analytic results on the global existence and flocking dynamics are presented, while the last part of the paper looks ahead to research perspectives.
Graded Betti numbers of path ideals of cycles and lines
Authors: Alilooee A. , Faridi S.
Published: February 2017

We use purely combinatorial arguments to give a formula to compute all graded Betti numbers of path ideals of paths and cycles. As a consequence, we can give new and short proofs for the known formulas of regularity and projective dimensions of path ideals of paths.
Higher phantom and Ext-phantom morphisms
Authors: Mao Lixin
Published: February 2017

A morphism [Formula: see text] of left [Formula: see text]-modules is called an [Formula: see text]-phantom morphism if the induced morphism [Formula: see text] for every (finitely presented) right [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text]. Analogously, a morphism [Formula: see text] of left [Formula: see text]-modules is said to be an [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]-phantom morphism if the induced morphism [Formula: see text] for every finitely presented left [Formula: see text]-module [Formula: see text]. We study the properties of [Formula: see text]-phantom and [Formula: see text]-Ext-phantom morphisms. Some applications are given.
Noncommutative G-semihereditary rings
Authors: Wang Jian , Li Yunxia , Hu Jiangsheng
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we introduce and study left (right) [Formula: see text]-semihereditary rings over any associative ring, and these rings are exactly [Formula: see text]-semihereditary rings defined by Mahdou and Tamekkante provided that [Formula: see text] is a commutative ring. Some new characterizations of left [Formula: see text]-semihereditary rings are given. Applications go in three directions. The first is to give a sufficient condition when a finitely presented right [Formula: see text]-module is Gorenstein flat if and only if it is Gorenstein projective provided that [Formula: see text] is left coherent. The second is to investigate the relationships between Gorenstein flat modules and direct limits of finitely presented Gorenstein projective modules. The third is to obtain some new characterizations of semihereditary rings, [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] rings and [Formula: see text] rings.
Proportionally modular affine semigroups
Authors: García-García J. I. , Moreno-Frías M. A. , Vigneron-Tenorio A.
Published: February 2017

This work introduces a new kind of semigroup of [Formula: see text] called proportionally modular affine semigroup. These semigroups are defined by modular Diophantine inequalities and they are a generalization of proportionally modular numerical semigroups. We give an algorithm to compute their minimal generating sets, and we specialize when [Formula: see text]. For this case, we also provide a faster algorithm to compute their minimal system of generators, prove they are Cohen–Macaulay and Buchsbaum, and determinate their (minimal) Frobenius vectors. Besides, Gorenstein proportionally modular affine semigroups are characterized.
Edgewise strongly shellable clutters
Authors: Guo Jin , Shen Yi-Huang , Wu Tongsuo
Published: February 2017

When [Formula: see text] is a chordal clutter in the sense of Woodroofe or Emtander, we show that the complement clutter is edgewise strongly shellable. When [Formula: see text] is indeed a finite simple graph, we provide additional characterization of chordal graphs from the point of view of strong shellability. In particular, the generic graph [Formula: see text] of a tree is shown to be bi-strongly shellable.
THE EFFECT OF HETEROGENEITY ON FINANCIAL CONTAGION DUE TO OVERLAPPING PORTFOLIOS
Authors: BANWO OPEOLUWA , CACCIOLI FABIO , HARRALD PAUL , MEDDA FRANCESCA
Published: February 2017

We consider a model of financial contagion in a bipartite network of assets and banks recently introduced in the literature, and we study the effect of power law distributions of degree and balance-sheet size on the stability of the system. Relative to the benchmark case of banks with homogeneous degrees and balance-sheet sizes, we find that if banks have a power law degree distribution the system becomes less robust with respect to the initial failure of a random bank, and that targeted shocks to the most specialized banks (i.e., banks with low degrees) or biggest banks increases the probability of observing a cascade of defaults. In contrast, we find that a power law degree distribution for assets increases stability with respect to random shocks, but not with respect to targeted shocks. We also study how allocations of capital buffers between banks affects the system’s stability, and we find that assigning capital to banks in relation to their level of diversification reduces the probability of observing cascades of defaults relative to size-based allocations. Finally, we propose a non-capital-based policy that improves the resilience of the system by introducing disassortative mixing between banks and assets.
Modeling of some physicochemical properties in the liquid Au–Bi–Sn alloys relevant for Pb-free soldering
Authors: M’chaar Rachida , Belmoujoud Salma , Sabbar Abdelaziz , El Moudane Mouloud , Ghanimi Ahmed
Published: February 2017

In this paper, some geometrical models such as Kohler, Muggianu, Toop, and Hillert have been used to estimate the molar volume of Au–Bi–Sn ternary systems based on the data of sub-binary systems over a wide temperature range (673–973[Formula: see text]K). The density of Au–Bi–Sn alloys was calculated from the calculated molar volume and using theoretical equation along three cross-sections [Formula: see text]/[Formula: see text]/2, 1/1 and 2/1. In addition, the viscosity of Au–Bi–Sn alloys was calculated by using Seetharaman–Sichen equation over a wide temperature range (673–1273[Formula: see text]K). The density of these alloys show linear dependence on temperature for all investigated compositions, while the molar volumes increase with increasing temperature and Sn compositions. The results show, as a function of temperature, that the increase in concentration of tin influences the viscosity of the Au–Bi–Sn alloys. The calculated values of density of Au–Bi–Sn alloys are compared with the experimental values reported in the literature, and a good agreement was observed.
A logarithmic informational temperature scale as a criterion to classify molecular systems
Authors: Flores-Gallegos N.
Published: February 2017

In this work, we applied a definition of informational energy and informational temperature using 1865 molecules and showed that such definitions can classify molecules with similar chemical properties such as hardness, softness and chemical potential.
Some results on wavelet scalograms
Authors: Ghobber Saifallah
Published: February 2017

Wavelets are a relatively recent development in applied mathematics. Motivated by the recent paper [On accumulated spectrograms, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 368 (2016) 3629–3649] by Abreu, Gröchenig and Romero, we will prove in the present paper related results in the context of wavelets and time-scale analysis.