bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Transformation Into Oral Cancer
Authors: Kumari Pratima , Debta Priyanka , Dixit Anshuman
Published: April 2023

Graphical Abstract

(A)A representative diagram of changes occurring in buccal mucosa due to exposure to various carcinogenic factors. The red arrow shows the direction of changes associated with the progression of oral cancer.(B)The circular map shows the chromosomes involve in genetic alternation.
An updated pharmacological insight into calotropin as a potential therapeutic agent in cancer
Authors: Rajkovic Jovana , Novakovic Radmila , Grujic-Milanovic Jelica , Ydyrys Alibek , Ablaikhanova Nurzhanat , Calina Daniela , Sharifi-Rad Javad , Al-Omari Basem
Published: April 2023

Calotropin is a pharmacologically active compound isolated from milkweed plants like Calotropis procera, Calotropis gigantea, and Asclepias currasavica that belong to the Asclepiadaceae family. All of these plants are recognised as medical traditional plants used in Asian countries. Calotropin is identified as a highly potent cardenolide that has a similar chemical structure to cardiac glycosides (such as digoxin and digitoxin). During the last few years, cytotoxic and antitumor effects of cardenolides glycosides have been reported more frequently. Among cardenolides, calotropin is identified as the most promising agent. In this updated and comprehensive review, we aimed to analyze and discuss the specific mechanisms and molecular targets of calotropin in cancer treatment to open new perspectives for the adjuvant treatment of different types of cancer. The effects of calotropin on cancer have been extensively studied in preclinical pharmacological studies in vitro using cancer cell lines and in vivo in experimental animal models that have targeted antitumor mechanisms and anticancer signaling pathways. The analyzed information from the specialized literature was obtained from scientific databases until December 2022, mainly from PubMed/MedLine, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases using specific MeSH search terms. The results of our analysis demonstrate that calotropin can be a potential chemotherapeutic/chemopreventive adjunctive agent in cancer pharmacotherapeutic management.
Impact of ambiguity resolution on phase center offsets and hardware delay estimation for BDS-3 inter-satellite links
Authors: Li Zongnan , Xiao Wei , Fan Lei , Lu Zukun , Wang Feixue
Published: April 2023

The Chinese BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) has already completed its three phases and developed into a global navigation satellite system for open positioning, navigation, and timing services. The BDS-3 satellites feature the inter-satellite link (ISL). The ISL observation-related error model and ambiguity resolution for L-band observation are the crucial factors in precise data processing. In this study, we present for the first time the impact of ambiguity resolution on phase center offsets (PCOs) and hardware delay estimation of BDS-3 inter-satellite links. Two weeks’ L-band observations from 99 globally distributed ground stations and Ka-band ISL observations are collected for experimental validation and analysis. First, network solutions with and without ISL observations are conducted to investigate the role of ISL observation in ambiguity resolution. Afterward, ISL observation-related errors, mainly PCOs and hardware delays, are estimated by processing L-band with ISL observations with and without ambiguity resolution to analyze the impact of ambiguity resolution on these two factors. Finally, orbit accuracy in the network solution is assessed to further validate the effectiveness of the estimated PCOs and hardware delays in our experiment. The result indicates that introducing the ISL can slightly improve the fixing rate compared to only L-band observations from 83.7% to 84.3%. Furthermore, ambiguity resolution has a positive influence on the stability of estimated PCOs and hardware delays in turn, although the root mean square (RMS) values basically remain unchanged. The standard deviation (STD) of the x-offset is reduced from 0.021 m to 0.012 m, a significant improvement of about 43%, and 0.022 m–0.016 m, with an improvement of about 27%, for the y-offset. There is a slight improvement of about 8% for z-offset. Similarly, around 10% improvement in the STD for hardware delays can be achieved while the RMS values almost stay the same except for C40. Orbit determination from network solutions shows high accuracy compared to the public products for the satellite with good geometry configuration, which further validates our estimates for ISL PCOs and hardware delays.
Autotoxins in continuous tobacco cropping soils and their management
Authors: Chen Yudong , Yang Long , Zhang Lumin , Li Jianrong , Zheng Yalin , Yang Wenwu , Deng Lele , Gao Qian , Mi Qili , Li Xuemei , Zeng Wanli , Ding Xinhua , Xiang Haiying
Published: April 2023

Tobacco belongs to the family Solanaceae, which easily forms continuous cropping obstacles. Continuous cropping exacerbates the accumulation of autotoxins in tobacco rhizospheric soil, affects the normal metabolism and growth of plants, changes soil microecology, and severely reduces the yield and quality of tobacco. In this study, the types and composition of tobacco autotoxins under continuous cropping systems are summarized, and a model is proposed, suggesting that autotoxins can cause toxicity to tobacco plants at the cell level, plant-growth level, and physiological process level, negatively affecting soil microbial life activities, population number, and community structure and disrupting soil microecology. A combined strategy for managing tobacco autotoxicity is proposed based on the breeding of superior varieties, and this approach can be combined with adjustments to cropping systems, the induction of plant immunity, and the optimization of cultivation and biological control measures. Additionally, future research directions are suggested and challenges associated with autotoxicity are provided. This study aims to serve as a reference and provide inspirations needed to develop green and sustainable strategies and alleviate the continuous cropping obstacles of tobacco. It also acts as a reference for resolving continuous cropping challenges in other crops.
CcRR5 interacts with CcRR14 and CcSnRK2s to regulate the root development in citrus
Authors: Zhang Manman , Wang Fusheng , Hu Zhou , Wang Xiaoli , Yi Qian , Feng Jipeng , Zhao Xiaochun , Zhu Shiping
Published: April 2023

Response regulator (RR) is an important component of the cytokinin (CK) signal transduction system associated with root development and stress resistance in model plants. However, the function of RR gene and the molecular mechanism on regulating the root development in woody plants such as citrus remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that CcRR5, a member of the type A RR, regulates the morphogenesis of root through interacting with CcRR14 and CcSnRK2s in citrus. CcRR5 is mainly expressed in root tips and young leaves. The activity of CcRR5 promoter enhanced by CcRR14 was proved with transient expression assay. Seven SnRK2 family members with highly conserved domains were identified in citrus. Among them, CcSnRK2.3, CcSnRK2.6, CcSnRK2.7, and CcSnRK2.8 can interact with CcRR5 and CcRR14. Phenotypic analysis of CcRR5 overexpressed transgenic citrus plants indicated that the transcription level of CcRR5 was associated with root length and lateral root numbers. This was also correlated to the expression of root-related genes and thus confirmed that CcRR5 is involved in the root development. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that CcRR5 is a positive regulator of root growth and CcRR14 directly regulates the expression of CcRR5. Both CcRR5 and CcRR14 can interact with CcSnRK2s.
P3/P3N-PIPO of PVY interacting with BI-1 inhibits the degradation of NIb by ATG6 to facilitate virus replication in N. benthamiana
Authors: Qing Zhen , Ahmad Shakeel , Chen Yuemeng , Liang Qingmin , Zhang Lijuan , Chen Baoshan , Wen Ronghui
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Autophagy not only plays an antiviral role but also can be utilized by viruses to facilitate virus infection. However, the underlying mechanism of potato virus Y (PVY) infection against plant autophagy remains unclear. BI-1, localizing to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is a multifunctional protein and may affect the virus infection.

Methods

In this study, Y2H, BiFC, qRT-PCR, RNA-Seq, WB and so on were used for research.

Results

P3 and P3N-PIPO of PVY can interact with the Bax inhibitor 1 (BI-1) of N. benthamiana. However, BI-1 knockout mutant showed better growth and development ability. In addition, when the BI-1 gene was knocked out or knocked down in N. benthamiana, the PVY-infected mutant showed milder symptoms and lower virus accumulation. Analysis of transcriptome data showed that the deletion of NbBI-1 weakened the gene expression regulation induced by PVY infection and NbBI-1 may reduce the mRNA level of NbATG6 by regulated IRE1-dependent decay (RIDD) in PVY-infected N. benthamiana. The expression level of the ATG6 gene of PVY-infected WT was significantly down-regulated, relative to the PVY-infected mutant. Further results showed that ATG6 of N. benthamiana can degrade NIb, the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) of PVY. NbATG6 has a higher mRNA level in PVY-infected BI-1 knockout mutants than in PVY-infected WT.

Conclussion

The interaction of P3 and/or P3N-PIPO of PVY with BI-1 decrease the expression of the ATG6 gene might be mediated by RIDD, which inhibits the degradation of viral NIb and enhances viral replication.
Investigating the modulation of stimulus types on language switching costs: Do semantic and repetition priming effect matter?
Authors: Shen Qinfang , Chen Yixin
Published: April 2023

Introduction

In the present study, I investigated the influence of stimulus types on bilingual control in the language switching process. The commonly employed stimuli in language switching studies – Arabic digits and objects – were compared to further investigate the way in which inhibitory control could be modulated by semantic and repetition priming effects. The digit stimuli have two unique characteristics in the language switching paradigm, for example, they are present repeatedly and are semantically related to each other, compared with pictural stimuli. Thus, these unique characteristics might influence the operation of inhibitory control in bilingual language production, modulating the size and asymmetry of switching costs.

Methods

Two picture control sets were set up to match those characteristics: (1) a semantic control set, in which picture stimuli belong to the same category group, such as, animals, occupations or transportation and specific semantic categories were presented in a blocked condition; and (2) a repeated control set, in which nine different picture stimuli were repeatedly presented like the Arabic digits from 1 to 9.

Results

When comparing the digit condition and the standard picture condition, analyses of naming latencies and accuracy rates revealed that switching costs were reliably smaller for digit naming than for picture naming and the L1 elicited more switching costs for picture naming than for digit naming. On the other hand, when comparing the digit condition and the two picture control sets, it was found that the magnitude of switching costs became identical and the asymmetry in switching costs became much smaller between the two languages.
The effects of shift-work schedules on the sleep, health, safety, and quality of life of police employees during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: James Lois , James Stephen , Atherley Loren
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The negative health and safety consequences of police fatigue are increasingly recognized as a critical problem. This study’s objective was to measure the effects of different shift schedules on police employee health, safety, and quality of life.

Methods

A cross sectional research design surveyed employees (N = 319) from a large, U.S. west coast municipal police service during the fall of 2020. The survey was made up of a battery of validated instruments designed to assess dimensions of health and wellness (e.g., sleep, health, safety, and quality of life).

Results

We found 77.4% of police employees had poor sleep quality, 25.7% had excessive daytime sleepiness, 50.2% had PTSD symptoms, 51.9% had depressive symptoms, and 40.8% had anxiety symptoms. Working night shifts significantly decreased sleep quality and increased excessive sleepiness. Furthermore, employees working night shifts were significantly more likely to report falling asleep at the wheel while driving home than employees working other shifts.

Discussion

Our findings have implications for interventions designed to promote police employee sleep health, quality of life, and worker safety. We urge researchers and practitioners alike to target night shift workers, to help mitigate these risks.
Toddler–teacher interaction and teachers’ sensitivity as predictors of toddler’s development during COVID-19: Stability or change over time
Authors: Seo SoJung , Song JiYeon
Published: April 2023

This study examined the stability and change patterns among toddlers’ interactions with their teachers, teachers’ sensitivity, and toddlers’ development during the COVID-19 pandemic and the three plausible paths were tested to identify which of the study variables affected the development of toddlers in subsequent periods over time. The subjects of this study were 63 toddlers and 6 head teachers who attended a subsidized child care center, located in Kyunggi province, Korea. In order to carry out the research objectives, a non-experimental survey research design was undertaken, and the qualitative data was obtained via on-site observations by trained researchers. With regard to continuity and change patterns among the study variables toddlers who had been actively involved in initiating their verbal interactions with teachers showed more verbal interactions with their teachers even after 4 months passed. Also, it was found that the early (T1) social disposition of toddlers and the behavioral interaction that toddlers had initiated with teachers revealed a significant effect, supporting each of the three models, which are simultaneous, cumulative, and complex paths. The main results of this research support the contention that the interaction patterns vary by contexts of subject, time, and history, indicating that it would be useful to understand new competencies required for teachers within the context of the multi-faceted ramifications of the pandemic on toddler development.
Development and validation of a prediction nomogram for non-suicidal self-injury in female patients with mood disorder
Authors: Liang Sixiang , Li Dan , Liu Xinyu , Jiang Isadora , Zhang Jinhe , Liu Jun , Sha Sha
Published: April 2023

Background

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a highly prevalent behavioral problem among people with mental disorders that can result in numerous adverse outcomes. The present study aimed to systematically analyze the risk factors associated with NSSI to investigate a predictive model for female patients with mood disorders.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey among 396 female patients was analyzed. All participants met the mood disorder diagnostic groups (F30–F39) based on the Diseases and Related Health Problems 10th Revision (ICD-10). The Chi-Squared Test,t-test, and the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test were used to assess the differences of demographic information and clinical characteristics between the two groups. Logistic LASSO Regression Analyses was then used to identify the risk factors of NSSI. A nomogram was further used to construct a prediction model.

Results

After LASSO regression selection, 6 variables remained significant predictors of NSSI. Psychotic symptom at first-episode (β = 0.59) and social dysfunction (β = 1.06) increased the risk of NSSI. Meanwhile, stable marital status (β = −0.48), later age of onset (β = −0.01), no depression at onset (β = −1.13), and timely hospitalizations (β = −0.10) can decrease the risk of NSSI. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.73 in the internal bootstrap validation sets, indicated that the nomogram had a good consistency.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the demographic information and clinical characteristics of NSSI can be used in a nomogram to predict the risk of NSSI in Chinese female patients with mood disorders.
Levels and trends of maternal death in Baoan district, Shenzhen, China, 1999–2022
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhu Yuanfang , Cheng Yuli , Chen Xu , Luo Yali
Published: April 2023

Background

China had achieved impressive success in improving maternal health, while the progress of reducing maternal mortality ratio (MMR) varied across regions. Some studies had reported maternal mortality from national or provincial perspective, but researches of the MMR on long-term period at the city or county level rare been reported. Shenzhen has experienced significant socioeconomic and health changes, reflecting the typical development of China's coastal city. This study mainly introduced the levels and trends of maternal death in Baoan district, Shenzhen from 1999 to 2022.

Methods

Maternal mortality data were extracted from registration forms and the Shenzhen Maternal and Child Health Management System. Linear-by-Linear Association tests were used to evaluate the trends of MMR among different groups. The study periods were divided into three stages by 8-year interval and χ2 test or Fisher's test was used to test the difference in maternal deaths of different periods.

Results

During 1999–2022, a total of 137 maternal deaths occurred in Baoan, the overall MMR was 15.91 per 100,000 live births, declined by 89.31% with an annualized rate of 9.26%. The MMR declined by 68.15% in migrant population, with an annualized rate of 5.07%, faster than that in permanent population (48.73%, 2.86%). The MMR due to direct and indirect obstetric causes shown a downward trend (P<0.001) and the gap between them narrowed to 14.29% during 2015–2022. The major causes of maternal deaths were obstetric hemorrhage (4.41 per 100,000 live births), amniotic fluid embolism (3.37 per 100,000 live births), medical complications (2.44 per 100,000 live births) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (1.97 per 100,000 live births), the MMR due to the above causes all shown decreasing trends (P < 0.01), pregnancy-induced hypertension became the leading cause of deaths during 2015–2022. The constituent ratio of maternal deaths with advanced age significantly increased by 57.78% in 2015–2022 compared with in 1999–2006.

Conclusions

Baoan district had made encouraging progress in improving maternal survival, especially in migrant population. To further reduce the MMR, strengthening professional training to improve the capacity of obstetricians and physicians, increasing the awareness and ability of self-help health care among elderly pregnant women were in urgent need.
Prevalence and influencing factors of chronic pain in middle-aged and older adults in China: results of a nationally representative survey
Authors: Ai Zhonghua , Tang Churou , Peng Puxian , Wen Xuan , Tang Songyuan
Published: April 2023

Background

With China's rapidly aging population, chronic pain has become a major public health issue. This article aims at determining associations between chronic pain and multiple factors, including demographic characteristics, health status, and health service utilization of middle-aged and older adults in China.

Methods

We selected all the 19,829 respondents who were over 45 years old from the China Health and Aging Tracking Survey 2018 (CHARLS) as our study population. The key information in terms of the body pain, demographic characteristics, health status, behaviors and health services use was extracted and analyzed. Logistic regression model was used to determine the influencing factors of chronic pain.

Results

Analysis revealed that 60.02% (9,257) of the data from this survey reported physical pain, with pain sites concentrated at the head (40.9%), lower back (62.2%) and knees (47.2%). Pain was positively associated with influencing factors for pain: being a female (OR = 2.10, 95% CI 1.90–2.33, p < 0.001), living in a western region (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.16–1.41, p < 0.001), living in a rural area (OR = 1.14, 95% CI 1.06–1.23, p < 0.001), smoked (OR = 1.26, 95% CI 1.14–1.38, p < 0.001), drank alcohol (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.26, p = 0.001), and had poor self-rated health (OR = 6.84, 95% CI 5.41–8.65, p < 0.001), had hearing problems (OR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.11–3.37, p < 0.001), were depressed (OR = 1.56, 95% CI 1.03–1.29, p < 0.001), had arthritis (OR = 2.21, 95% CI 2.02–2.41, p < 0.001), stomach disorders (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.55–1.85, p < 0.001), visited a Western medicine hospital (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.10–1.50, p = 0.002), and visits to other medical institutions (OR = 1.42, 95%CI 1.22–1.64, p < 0.001). On the other side, as a protective factor for pain, having nighttime sleep ≥7 h (OR = 0.74, 95%CI 0.68–0.80, p < 0.001) was negatively associated with pain.

Conclusion

Physical pain affects many older adults. Women, regional, rural residents, smokers, alcohol drinkers, people with poor self-rated health, those having <7 h of sleep at night, those with hearing problems, depression, arthritis, stomach disorders, and people who visits Western hospitals or other medical institutions are at greater risk for pain and deserve the attention of health care providers and policy makers to focus on pain prevention and management in middle-aged and older adults. Future research studies should also focus on the impact of health literacy on pain prevention and management outcomes.
Behind the flexibility: insufficient occupational injury protection of gig workers in China
Authors: Ran Xiaoxing , Zhao Ying
Published: April 2023

Objective

Occupational injury protection is essential to safeguard the basic rights of workers. This article focuses on a group of gig workers who have emerged on a large scale in recent years in China and aims to explore their status of occupational injury protection.

Methods

Based on the theory of technology-institution innovation interaction, we adopted the institution analysis to assess the work-related injury protection of gig workers. The comparative study was used to evaluate three cases of occupational injury protection in China for gig workers.

Results

Institutional innovation failed to respond to technological innovation and provided insufficient occupational injury protection for gig workers. The work-related injury insurance was inaccessible to gig workers due to they were not treated as employees in China. The work-related injury insurance was not available to gig workers. Although some practices were explored, shortcomings remain.

Conclusions

Behind the flexibility of gig work is insufficient occupational injury protection. According to the theory of technology-institution innovation interaction, we believe the reform of work-related injury insurance is increasingly essential for improving the situation of gig workers. This research contributes to expanding understanding of gig workers' situation and may offer a reference to other countries on protecting gig workers against occupational injuries.
How do parents access, appraise, and apply health information on early childhood allergy prevention? A focus group and interview study
Authors: Lander Jonas , Bitzer Eva Maria , von Sommoggy Julia , Pawellek Maja , Altawil Hala , John Cosima , Apfelbacher Christian , Dierks Marie-Luise
Published: April 2023

Background

When parents want to make health-related decisions for their child, they need to be able to handle health information from a potentially endless range of sources. Early childhood allergy prevention (ECAP) is a good example: recommendations have shifted from allergen avoidance to early introduction of allergenic foods. We investigated how parents of children under 3 years old access, appraise and apply health information about ECAP, and their respective needs and preferences.

Methods

We conducted 23 focus groups and 24 interviews with 114 parents of children with varied risk for allergies. The recruitment strategy and a topic guide were co-designed with the target group and professionals from public health, education, and medicine. Data were mostly collected via video calls, recorded and then transcribed verbatim. Content analysis according to Kuckartz was performed using MAXQDA and findings are presented as a descriptive overview.

Results

Parents most frequently referred to family members, friends, and other parents as sources of ECAP information, as well as healthcare professionals (HCPs), particularly pediatricians. Parents said that they exchanged experiences and practices with their peers, while relying on HCPs for guidance on decision-making. When searching for information online, they infrequently recalled the sources used and were rarely aware of providers of “good” health information. While parents often reported trying to identify the authors of information to appraise its reliability, they said they did not undertake more comprehensive information quality checks. The choice and presentation of ECAP information was frequently criticized by all parent groups; in particular, parents of at-risk children or with a manifested allergy were often dissatisfied with HCP consultations, and hence did not straightforwardly apply advice. Though many trusted their HCPs, parents often reported taking preventive measures based on their own intuition.

Conclusion

One suggestion to react upon the many criticisms expressed by parents regarding who and how provides ECAP information is to integrate central ECAP recommendations into regular child care counseling by HCPs—provided that feasible ways for doing so are identified. This would assist disease prevention, as parents without specific concerns are often unaware of the ECAP dimension of issues such as nutrition.
Retrospective analysis of 217 fatal intoxication autopsy cases from 2009 to 2021: temporal trends in fatal intoxication at Tongji center for medicolegal expertise, Hubei, China
Authors: Lihua Lin , Yuning Wang , Henghui He , Xiang Liu , Min Jiang , Zehao Li , Lianjie Li , Qian Liu
Published: April 2023

This retrospective analysis of fatal intoxication case autopsies was performed at Tongji Center for Medicolegal Expertise in Hubei (TCMEH) from 2009 to 2021 to obtain up-to-date information on intoxication cases. The objective was to describe important data about evolving patterns in intoxication occurrences, enhance public safety policies, and assist forensic examiners and police in more efficient handling of such cases. Analyses based on sex, age, topical exposure routes, toxic agents, and mode of death were performed using 217 records of intoxication cases collected from TCMEH as a sample, and the results were compared with reports previously published (from 1999 to 2008) from this institution. Deaths from intoxications occurred at a higher rate in males than in females and were most common among individuals aged 30–39 years. The most frequent method of exposure was oral ingestion. The causative agents of deadly intoxications have changed when compared to the data from the previous 10 years. For instance, deaths from amphetamine overdoses are becoming more prevalent gradually, whereas deaths due to carbon monoxide and rodenticide intoxication have declined dramatically. In 72 cases, pesticides continued to be the most frequent intoxication cause. A total of 60.4% of the deaths were accidental exposure. Men died from accidents at a higher rate than women, although women were more likely to commit suicide. Particular focus is needed on the use of succinylcholine, cyanide, and paraquat in homicides.
Trends in health behaviors and mental health among Korean adolescents in Korea over 5 years, 2017–2021: focusing on the comparisons before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Lee Mi-Sun , Kim Dong Jun , Lee Hooyeon
Published: April 2023

Objectives

We investigated recent trends in health behaviors and mental health conditions among Korean adolescents from 2017 to 2021 and compared the changes before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods

Data analysis was conducted on 289,415 adolescents participating in the Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-Based Survey, an annual cross-sectional study from 2017 to 2021. All analysis was conducted using sex stratification, and the annual percentage change (APC) was calculated.

Results

Alcohol consumption and smoking decreased in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with before, except for girls from the low-income level. The prevalence of inadequate physical activity for both boys and girls increased in 2020 compared with the pre-COVID-19 period and decreased again by 2021. The prevalence of obesity in both sexes increased regardless of the period (boys, APC = 8.2%, 95% confidence intervals (CI), 6.4–10.1; girls, APC = 3.3%, 95% CI, 1.8–4.8). The prevalence of stress, depression, and suicidal ideation, plans, and attempts for both sexes decreased in 2020 compared to the pre-COVID-19 period. By 2021, this prevalence had returned to a level similar to before the pandemic. No significant APC changes were observed in the prevalence of mental health.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate the trends and APCs in health behaviors and mental health conditions among Korean adolescents over the last 5 years. We must pay attention to the heterogeneous and multifaceted features of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Protecting public’s wellbeing against COVID-19 infodemic: The role of trust in information sources and rapid dissemination and transparency of information over time
Authors: Zhou Yingnan , Zhang Airong , Liu Xiaoliu , Tan Xuyun , Miao Ruikai , Zhang Yan , Wang Junxiu
Published: April 2023

Objectives

This study examined how trust in the information about COVID-19 from social media and official media as well as how the information was disseminated affect public’s wellbeing directly and indirectly through perceived safety over time.

Methods

Two online surveys were conducted in China, with the first survey (Time1, N = 22,718) being at the early stage of the pandemic outbreak and the second one (Time 2, N = 2,901) two and a half years later during the zero-COVID policy lockdown period. Key measured variables include trust in official media and social media, perceived rapid dissemination and transparency of COVID-19-related information, perceived safety, and emotional responses toward the pandemic. Data analysis includes descriptive statistical analysis, independent samples t-test, Pearson correlations, and structural equation modeling.

Results

Trust in official media, perceived rapid dissemination and transparency of COVID-19-related information, perceived safety, as well as positive emotional response toward COVID-19 increased over time, while trust in social media and depressive response decreased over time. Trust in social media and official media played different roles in affecting public’s wellbeing over time. Trust in social media was positively associated with depressive emotions and negatively associated with positive emotion directly and indirectly through decreased perceived safety at Time 1. However, the negative effect of trust in social media on public’s wellbeing was largely decreased at Time 2. In contrast, trust in official media was linked to reduced depressive response and increased positive response directly and indirectly through perceived safety at both times. Rapid dissemination and transparency of COVID-19 information contributed to enhanced trust in official media at both times.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the important role of fostering public trust in official media through rapid dissemination and transparency of information in mitigating the negative impact of COVID-19 infodemic on public’s wellbeing over time.
The influencing factors of elder-friendly public open spaces promoting older adults’ health in deprived urban neighborhoods: Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling approach
Authors: Lak Azadeh , Khodakarim Soheila , Myint Phyo K. , Baradaran Hamid R.
Published: April 2023

Background

Public open spaces (POSs) is considered a feature of the built environment that is important for physical, mental, and social health during life and contributes to active aging. Hence, policymakers, practitioners, and academics have recently focused on indicators of elder-friendly environments, particularly in developing countries.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the attributes of POSs and socio-demographic status that positively influence older people’s health in Tehran’s deprived neighborhoods using a pathway model.

Methods

We employed a pathway model to explore the relationships between place function, place preferences, and process in the environment as the perceived (subjective) positive features of POSs associated with older adults’ health, compared to the objective attributes of POSs. We also included personal characteristics, including physical, mental, and social dimensions, to explore how these factors are related to the health of older adults. To assess the subjective perception of POSs attributes, 420 older adults were asked to complete Elder-Friendly Urban Spaces Questionnaire (EFUSQ) from April 2018 to September 2018 in the 10th District of Tehran. We used the SF-12 questionnaire and “The self-Rated Social Health of Iranians Questionnaire to measure older people’s physical and mental health and elder social health.” Geographical Information System (GIS) measures (Street connectivity, Residential density, Land use mix, Housing quality) were derived as objective measures of neighborhood features.

Results

According to our findings, the personal aspect, socio-demographic status (such as Gender, Marital status, Education, Occupation as well as Frequency of being present in POSs), place preferences (Security, Fear of Falling, Way Finding and Perceived Aesthetics), and process in the environment’s latent (Social Environment, Cultural Environment, Place Attachment, and Life Satisfaction)constructs collectively influenced the elders’ health.

Conclusion

We found positive associations between Place preference, Process-in-environment, and personal health-related factors to elders’ health (social, mental, and physical). The path model presented in the study could be guided in future research in this area and inform the development of evidence-based urban planning and design interventions for improve older adults health and social functioning and quality of life.
The burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Yakupu Aobuliaximu , Aimaier Rehanguli , Yuan Bo , Chen Bin , Cheng Jia , Zhao Yaohua , Peng Yinbo , Dong Jiaoyun , Lu Shuliang
Published: April 2023

Background

The small number of existing integrative studies on the global distribution and burden of all types of skin and subcutaneous diseases hinders relevant comparisons.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the latest distribution, epidemiological differences, and factors potentially influencing each skin and subcutaneous disease and the policy implications.

Methods

Data on the skin and subcutaneous diseases were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The incidence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and deaths due to skin and subcutaneous diseases in 204 countries and regions from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed and stratified by sex, age, geographical location, and sociodemographic index (SDI). The annual age-standardized rate of change in the incidence was obtained to evaluate temporal trends.

Results

Of 4,859,267,654 (95% uncertainty interval [UI], 4,680,693,440–5,060,498,767) new skin and subcutaneous disease cases that were identified, most were fungal (34.0%) and bacterial (23.0%) skin diseases, which accounted for 98,522 (95% UI 75,116–123,949) deaths. The burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases measured in DALYs was 42,883,695.48 (95%UI, 28,626,691.71-63,438,210.22) in 2019, 5.26% of which were years of life lost, and 94.74% of which were years lived with disability. The highest number of new cases and deaths from skin and subcutaneous diseases was in South Asia. Globally, most new cases were in the 0–4-year age group, with skin and subcutaneous disease incidence slightly higher in men than in women.

Conclusion

Fungal infections are major contributors to skin and subcutaneous diseases worldwide. Low–middle SDI states had the highest burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases, and this burden has increased globally. Targeted and effective management strategies based on the distribution characteristics of each country are, thus, required to reduce the burden of skin and subcutaneous diseases.
Effect of personalized care based on OPT model on perceived control and quality of life among patients with breast cancer
Authors: Rahman Rabigul , Mamat Parida , Wang Haiyan , Nurtai Mili , Mahsut Maynur , Ahmat Zulhumar , Siyit Mukadas , Shang Hongmei , Zhang Xiaoyan
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Patients with breast cancer (BC) after surgery are prone to negative physiological and psychosocial discomforts which cause the poor quality of life (QoL) among the patients. Therefore, how to improve the disease management ability of BC patients and to alleviate these cancer-related negative experience are particularly important. This study purpose to explore the potential effects of personalized care based on OPT model on the perceived control and the QoL among patients with BC, and to provide effective clinical nursing intervention for BC patients.

Methods

In this study, nonsynchronous controlled experiments were carried out on patients with BC, and the patients were randomly allocated to the control (n = 40) and intervention (n = 40) groups. The patients in the control group were given routine care; while the patients in the intervention group were given personalized care based on OPT model. The perceived control ability and QoL of the two groups were measured before and after the intervention.

Results

There were no significant differences in the total score of cancer experience and control efficacy of BC patients between the control group (61.15 ± 5.659, 41.80 ± 4.702) and the intervention group (60.58 ± 7.136, 42.15 ± 5.550) before intervention (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the total score of cancer experience in the intervention group (54.80 ± 8.519) was significantly lower than that in the control group (59.575 ± 7.331), with significant differences (p < 0.05). The total score of control efficacy in the intervention group (49.78 ± 6.466) was significantly higher than that in the control group (43.32 ± 6.219), with significant differences (p < 0.05). Compared with the control group, patients in intervention groups showed significant improvement in QoL after the intervention (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Personalized care based on OPT model plays a significant role in improving the level of perceived control and the QoL among patients with BC.

Clinical Trial Registration:www.chictr.org.cn, ChiCTR2300069476.
Intelligent framework for cannabis classification using visualization of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry data and transfer learning
Authors: Huang Ting-Yu , Yu Jorn Chi Chung
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is popular analytical instrumentation for chemical separation and identification. A novel framework for chemical forensics based on the visualization of GC/MS data and transfer learning is proposed.

Methods: To evaluate the framework, 228 GC/MS data collected from two standard cannabis varieties, i.e., hemp and marijuana, were utilized. By processing the raw GC/MS data, analytical features, including retention times, mass-to-charge ratios, intensities, and summed ion mass spectra, were successfully transformed into two types of image representations. The GC/MS data transformed images were fed into a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) to develop intelligent classifiers for the sample classification tasks. The effectiveness of several hyper-parameters for improving classification performance was investigated during transfer learning.

Results: The proposed analytical workflow could classify hemp and marijuana with 97% accuracy. Furthermore, the transfer-learning-based classifiers were established without requiring big data sets and peak alignment.

Discussion: The potential application of the new artificial intelligence (AI)-powered framework for chemical forensics using GC/MS data has been demonstrated. This framework provides unique opportunities for classifying various types of physical evidence using chromatography and mass spectrometry signals.
A compact underactuated gripper with two fingers and a retractable suction cup
Authors: Courchesne Julien , Cardou Philippe , Rachide Onadja Palamanga Abdoul
Published: April 2023

Modern industrial applications of robotics such as small-series production and automated warehousing require versatile grippers, i.e., grippers that can pick up the widest possible variety of objects. These objects must often be grasped or placed inside a container, which limits the size of the gripper. In this article, we propose to combine the two most popular gripper technologies in order to maximise versatility: finger grippers and suction-cup (vacuum) grippers. Many researchers and a few companies have followed this same idea in the past, but their gripper designs are often overly complex or too bulky to pick up objects inside containers. Here, we develop a gripper where the suction cup is lodged inside the palm of a two-finger robotic hand. The suction cup is mounted on a retractile rod that can extend to pick up objects inside containers without interference from the two fingers. A single actuator drives both the finger and sliding-rod motions so as to minimise the gripper complexity. The opening and closing sequence of the gripper is achieved by using a planetary gear train as transmission between the actuator, the fingers and the suction cup sliding mechanism. Special attention is paid to minimise the overall gripper size; its diameter being kept to 75 mm, which is that of the end link of the common UR5 robot. A prototype of the gripper is built and its versatility is demonstrated in a short accompanying video.
Short-term runoff forecasting in an alpine catchment with a long short-term memory neural network
Authors: Frank Corinna , Rußwurm Marc , Fluixa-Sanmartin Javier , Tuia Devis
Published: April 2023

The governing hydrological processes are expected to shift under climate change in the alpine regions of Switzerland. This raises the need for more adaptive and accurate methods to estimate river flow. In high-altitude catchments influenced by snow and glaciers, short-term flow forecasting is challenging, as the exact mechanisms of transient melting processes are difficult to model mathematically and are poorly understood to this date. Machine learning methods, particularly temporally aware neural networks, have been shown to compare well and often outperform process-based hydrological models on medium and long-range forecasting. In this work, we evaluate a Long Short-Term Memory neural network (LSTM) for short-term prediction (up to three days) of hourly river flow in an alpine headwater catchment (Goms Valley, Switzerland). We compare the model with the regional standard, an existing process-based model (named MINERVE) that is used by local authorities and is calibrated on the study area. We found that the LSTM was more accurate than the process-based model on high flows and better represented the diurnal melting cycles of snow and glacier in the area of interest. It was on par with MINERVE in estimating two flood events: the LSTM captures the dynamics of a precipitation-driven flood well, while underestimating the peak discharge during an event with varying conditions between rain and snow. Finally, we analyzed feature importances and tested the transferability of the trained LSTM on a neighboring catchment showing comparable topographic and hydrological features. The accurate results obtained highlight the applicability and competitiveness of data-driven temporal machine learning models with the existing process-based model in the study area.
Cutoff value for predicting success in triathlon mixed team relay
Authors: Ledanois T. , Hamri I. , De Larochelambert Q. , Libicz S. , Toussaint J. F. , Sedeaud A.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

The Mixed-Team-Relay (MTR) triathlon is an original race format present on the international scene since 2009, which became an Olympic event at the Tokyo 2020 Games. The aim of this study was to define the probabilities of reaching a victory, a podium, or a finalist rank in a relay triathlon, according to the position of any of the four relayers (Women/Men/Women/Men) during each of the four segments (leg) of the race.

Methods

All MTR results from the World Series, Continental Championships, World Championships from 2009 to 2021 and Tokyo 2020 Olympics have been collected. We calculated the set of probability frequencies of reaching a given final state, according to any transient state during the race. All results are compared with a V' Cramer method.

Results

The frequency of winning is similar at the end of Leg 1 for TOP1 (first position) and TOP2-3 (second and third positions). Then, a difference in the winning-associated frequencies is first observed after the Bike stage of Leg 2, where 47% of TOP1 athletes will win, vs 13% of the TOP2-3.

Discussion

This difference continually increases until the end of the race. Legs 2 and 3 are preponderant on the outcome of the race, the position obtained by each triathlete, especially in swimming and cycling, greatly influences the final performance of the team. Leg 1 allows to maintain contact with the head of the race, while Leg 4 sets in stone the position obtained by the rest of the team.
Students' experience of being seen by their physical education teachers and associated factors
Authors: Andresen Fredrik , Torvik Eli , Lagestad Pål
Published: April 2023

Background

The experience of being seen by physical education (PE) teachers is an important pedagogical term in school settings, and is closely related to the theory of recognition pedagogy and self-determination theory. However, very few studies have been conducted concerning this term, and extant research has typically been based on small sample sizes, and thus is unlikely to be extrapolated to other contexts.

Purpose

The aim of the study was to examine the extent to which students experience being seen by their PE teachers, which factors constitute the phenomenon of being seen as a pedagogical term, and how these factors correlate with students' experience of being seen by their PE teachers. This is the first study to identify factors that constitute the pedagogical term being seen, and uses a quantitative design.

Method

A questionnaire was developed on the basis of theory and previous research, and data from 412 students were collected. Principal component analysis was conducted to examine the dimensionality of the questions and which factors could be associated with being seen. From this, indexes were subsequently created for each factor. The association between these factors and the experience of being seen was determined using Spearman's correlation test.

Results

The results showed that 76.2% of the students reported being seen by the teacher in PE, while 7.8% reported not being seen, and 16.1% of the students neither disagreed nor agreed to being seen by the teacher in PE. The factor analysis indicated that being seen may be related to students' experience of the following: being able to display their skills; the teacher's caring behavior; feedback from the teacher; dialogue with the teacher; and evaluation and goals. The correlation analysis showed that these five factors correlated significantly at a medium level with the students' experience of being seen by their PE teacher.

Conclusion

The results point toward the importance of PE teachers giving their students opportunities to display their skills, providing the students with feedback through good dialogue, showing them that their teachers care, and involving students in evaluation and establishing goals in PE.