bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Primary Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma of the Pancreas
Authors: Hughes Brett , Habib Naomi , Chuang Keng-Yu
Published: November 2019

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma is an exceedingly rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with fewer than 10 cases reported in the literature. We present a 64-year-old woman who presented with a pancreatic head mass, causing acute pancreatitis, which was eventually diagnosed as an anaplastic large cell lymphoma. The disease is very responsive to chemotherapy, further highlighting the importance of early recognition and treatment.
Thinking Outside the Box: Visualization of an Ectopic Stomach via Surgically Advanced Endoscopy at Site of Intussusception
Authors: Hazan Sabine
Published: November 2019

We present a case of an ectopic stomach visualized intraoperatively at the site of intestinal intussusception via surgeon-assisted advancement of the endoscope. Heterotopic gastric mucosa, also known as an ectopic stomach, refers to the discovery of gastric tissues in an organ or tissue distinct from, and without vascular or anatomical continuity with, the main body of the normal stomach. In our case, an 18-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with jejunal intussusception. During emergency laparotomy, a large pedunculated mass was visualized and later confirmed histopathologically to be an ectopic stomach.
Acute Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage due to Epstein-Barr Virus Colitis
Authors: Denicola Richard P. , Coben Robert , Katz Leo , McCue Peter A.
Published: November 2019

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a member of the herpesvirus family that is associated with various disease manifestations, including EBV-associated colitis. There are few case reports describing hemorrhage associated with EBV colitis. We report a 61-year-old woman with acute gastrointestinal bleeding due to EBV colitis after initiation of methylprednisolone and enoxaparin for spinal cord infarction. To our knowledge, there are only a few case reports of hemorrhagic EBV colitis. Perhaps we need to have a higher suspicion for EBV in cases of colitis associated with hemorrhage even in relatively immunocompetent patients.
Seronegative Adult Autoimmune Enteropathy in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Lundholm Michelle D. , Wanta Kaitlin , Ding Xianzhong , Palmer Lena , Abegunde Ayokunle T.
Published: November 2019

Autoimmune enteropathy is a rare disorder of the immune system. We present a 75-year-old woman with rheumatoid arthritis who presented with 4 months of intractable vomiting, diarrhea, and unexplained weight loss. Initial workup was negative for infection and celiac disease, but her symptoms progressed. Repeat esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed duodenal scalloping and friability. Biopsies of the duodenum and terminal ileum showed glandular destruction, epithelial apoptosis, and goblet cell depletion. Colonoscopic examination was normal, and random colon biopsies did not show evidence of microscopic colitis. She was diagnosed with autoimmune enteropathy, and treatment consisted of an extended corticosteroid taper, with the resolution of symptoms.
Lateral Spreading Tumor Arising in an Interposed Colonic Segment
Authors: Simões Carolina , Moura Miguel , Noronha Ferreira Carlos , Rosa Rosario , Freire José Paulo , Carrilho Ribeiro Luís , Tato Marinho Rui
Published: November 2019

A 57-year-old woman developed dysphagia 30 years after esophagectomy with partial gastrectomy and colonic interposition due to severe and extensive caustic esophageal stricture. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed a lateral spreading tumor in the colonic tube with a granular surface measuring 40 mm in diameter. The lesion was removed by piecemeal endoscopic mucosal resection. Histology revealed tubular adenoma with low/high-grade dysplasia. Although colonic interposition replacement is a relatively common procedure, especially in the past, the development of adenoma or adenocarcinoma as a late complication is very rare.
Pancreatic Head Mass: A Rare Manifestation of Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis
Authors: Castillo Michael , Gonzalez Adalberto , Ur Rahman Asad , Kaur Jeevna , Bejarano Pablo , Wadhwa Vaibhav , Schneider Alison , Pimentel Ronnie
Published: November 2019

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis may rarely present as an inflammatory pancreatic mass and mimic pancreatic cancer. We report a 73-year-old man who presented with fever and weight loss. Computed tomography imaging demonstrated a mass in the pancreatic head along with multiple cavitary pulmonary nodules. Our differential included metastatic pancreatic cancer vs an autoimmune process. Positive cytoplasmic antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies coupled with the lung biopsy findings established the diagnosis of granulomatosis with polyangiitis, a very rare cause of pancreatic masses. After completion of immunosuppressive therapy, magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no evidence of a pancreatic mass. More studies are required to establish the management of these masses.
Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan in Patients With Nonerosive Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 3 Study
Authors: Kinoshita Yoshikazu , Sakurai Yuuichi , Takabayashi Nobuyoshi , Kudou Kentaro , Araki Takahiro , Miyagi Takuya , Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Ashida Kiyoshi
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES:

To assess the efficacy and safety of vonoprazan on heartburn symptoms in patients with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD) (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02954848).

METHODS:

This phase 3, double-blind, placebo-controlled study included Japanese patients aged 20 years and older with grade N/M NERD and recurrent heartburn. Patients received placebo (n = 245) or vonoprazan 10 mg (n = 238) for 4 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was frequency of heartburn experienced by patients during the treatment period (proportion of days without heartburn). Other outcomes included cumulative improvement rates of heartburn, proportion of patients with complete heartburn resolution in the fourth week of treatment, and safety.

RESULTS:

Compared with placebo, the proportion of days without heartburn was not significantly higher in the vonoprazan group in the full analysis (primary end point, 72.55% vs 61.50%, vonoprazan vs placebo, P = 0.0643) but was significantly higher in the per-protocol-set sensitivity analysis (P = 0.0341). Early onset of response and significantly greater cumulative improvement rates of heartburn were observed in the vonoprazan group (P = 0.0003). In a post hoc analysis, a greater proportion of patients with complete heartburn resolution in the fourth week of treatment were reported in the vonoprazan group (P = 0.0023). Incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was similar between treatment groups (23.5% vs 23.3%); most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild in severity.

DISCUSSION:

Although vonoprazan 10 mg was not superior to placebo with respect to proportion of days without heartburn in Japanese patients with NERD, vonoprazan had a significantly higher cumulative rate of heartburn resolution and was well tolerated.
Propuesta para una lectura comprometida del paisaje. San Luis Huexotla, Estado de México
Authors: Wiener Castillo Gabriela
Published: November 2019

En algún momento de su historia poscolonial, el pueblo de San Luis Huexotla perdió el vínculo entre su organización comunitaria y el paisaje que la sustentaba. Esta pérdida se nota en el poblado actual.San Luis Huexotla se encuentra en el municipio de Texcoco, al oriente de la cuenca de México, en la llanura noroccidental de la Sierra Nevada, sobre la vertiente poniente, a una altitud entre los 2260 y 2400 msnm, a los 19° 28’ 52” latitud norte y 98° 51’ 59” longitud oeste. Se ubica a cuatro kilómetros al sureste de la ciudad de Texcoco.Es un poblado que tiene un núcleo urbano bien definido y que aún conserva pequeñas áreas agrícolas en el perímetro exterior. Cuenta con una población de unos 5000 habitantes, entre nativos e inmigrantes. En la actualidad sufre la presión de la conurbación con la ciudad de Texcoco, y desde 1970 no aparece en los censos de población como pueblo diferenciado de esta última, sino como una colonia más de la cabecera municipal.
Pemanfaatan Limbah Plastik Minyak Goreng Pada Panti Asuhan Al Hasanah Desa Pandau Jaya Kecamatan Siak Hulu Kabupaten Kampar
Authors: Widayat Prama
Published: November 2019

Melihat banyaknya limbah plastik bekas minyak goreng yang terbuang percuma, hasil dari pemakaian rumah tangga. Baik yang digunakan oleh panti asuhan sendiri maupun yang digunakan oleh ibu-ibu rumah tangga yang ada disekitar panti asuhan. Namun pemakaian untuk panti asuhan yang cukup banyak karena untuk memberikan makan 97 anak asuh maka setidaknya mereka menghabiskan sekitar 2 liter minyak sekali masak. Untuk itulah bekas limbah akan dikumpulkan agar dimanfaatkan untuk polibek menanam cabe merah. Hasil dari penanaman cabe ini akan bisa digunakan untuk kebutuhan panti asuhan dan bisa dijual nantinya, untuk menghasilkan pendapatan bagi mereka.[Seeing the amount of used cooking oil plastic waste that is wasted, results from household use. Both those used by the orphanages themselves or those used by housewives around the orphanage. But the use of orphanages is quite a lot because to feed 97 foster children, then at least they spend about 2 liters of oil once cooked. For this reason, waste will be collected so that it can be used for polybags to plant red chili. The results of the chilli planting will be used for the needs of the orphanage and can be sold later, to generate income for them.]
Sistem Pengolahan Air dan Pengendalian Limbah di PLTU Tanjung Jati-B Desa Tubanan Kembang Jepara
Authors: Munawaroh Noviatul , Syamsyiatun Siti , Fikri Achmad Ali
Published: November 2019

Penelitian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya proses pengolahan air dan pengendalian limbah di pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) Desa Tubanan Kecamatan Kembang Kabupaten Jepara. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode kepustakaan. PLTU yang dibangun di tepi laut menggunakan air laut sebagai sumber airnya. Proses yang dilakukan dalam pengolahan air ini, antara lain adalah: 1) Destilasi, 2) Demineraliasi, 3) Kondensasi, dan 4) Instalasi Pengolahan Air. Kemudian dalam melakukan pengendalian limbah PLTU dilakukan beberapa pengolahan limbah berdasarkan karakteristik dari setiap sumber limbah yang dihasilkan. Limbah PLTU sudah dapat dimanfaatkan untuk fly ash, buttom ash, dan gypsum. Dalam pengolahan limbah hasil prosduksi, PLTU juga bekerja sama dengan Perusda Pemkab Jepara. PLTU juga telah merencanakan program E-green (perusahaan hijau) yang aman terhadap manusia, lingkungan, efisiensi dalam pemanfaatan SDM, dan mampu berkonstribusi terhadap keanekaragaman hayati.[The research was conducted aimed at knowing the process of water management and waste control at the Steam Power Plant (PLTU) in Tubanan Village, Kembang District, Jepara Regency. This research was conducted using the library method. The PLTU built on the seashore uses sea water as a source of water. The processes carried out in this water treatment include: 1) Distillation, 2) Demineralization, 3) Condensation, and 4) Water Tretment plant. Then in conducting waste control, PLTU is carried out by several waste treatments based on the characteristics of each source of waste produced. The PLTU waste can already be used for fly ash, buttom ash, and gypsum. In processing production waste, the PLTU cooperates with the Regional Government of Jepara Regency. The PLTU has also planned an E-green (green company) program that is safe for humans, the environment, efficiency in utilizing human resources, and able to contribute to biodiversity.]
Peningkatan Lingkungan Bersih dan Sehat di Kampung Kalisari Timur I, Surabaya
Authors: Irawati Desrina Yusi , B Yemima Hartono , Marcella Olivia
Published: November 2019

Program pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan di Kalisari Timur I RT 2 RW 6, Surabaya. Mayoritas penduduk laki-laki di kampung ini bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan, dan ibu-ibu berprofesi sebagai asisten rumah tangga atau penjual makanan. Permasalahan yang terjadi di daerah ini adalah kurang memiliki budaya membuang sampah pada tempatnya sehingga sampah berserakan, tidak menjaga kebersihan dan kerapian  lingkungan sekitar, dan tidak memiliki jadwal kerja bakti secara rutin. Solusi yang ditawarkan dari masalah ini adalah menghidupkan jadwal kerja bakti secara rutin, membiasakan membuang sampah pada tempatnya dengan pengadaan tempat sampah di setiap rumah, melakukan pengecatan lorong serta gapura, penanaman tanaman sebagai wujud memperindah lingkungan sekitar, dan pemasangan slogan kebersihan lingkungan di beberapa titik. Program pengabdian tersebut mendapat respon positif dikalangan warga, terbukti dengan keikutsertaan warga pada setiap program. Hasil program yang sudah terlaksana adalah lingkungan terlihat bersih, rapi, serta cerah, warga mulai membiasakan diri membuang sampah pada tempatnya, mengingatkan warga untuk selalu menjaga kebersihan lingkungan dari slogan yang sudah tertempel, menumbuhkan rasa memiliki dan bertanggungjawab terhadap lingkungan sekitar.[This community service program was conducted at Kalisari Timur I RT 2 RW 6, Surabaya. The majority of the male population in this village earn a living as fishermen, and mothers work as household assistants or food vendors. The problems that occur in this area are those who do not have the culture of disposing of garbage in trash cans scattered about, do not need cleanliness and neatness of the surrounding environment, and do not have regular work schedules. The solution offered from this problem is to open a routine work schedule, familiarize garbage disposal according to the procurement of trash bins in each house, do the casting of aisles and gates, plant plants to beautify the environment, and put slogans on environmental cleanliness at various points. This service program received a positive response among residents, as evidenced by the participation of citizens in each program. The results of the program that have been implemented are that the environment looks clean, neat, bright, residents are getting used to throwing trash in its place, convincing citizens to always maintain the cleanliness of the environment from the slogan that has been attached, foster a sense of belonging and be responsible for the surrounding environment.]
HERMENEUTIKA INTERTEKSTUALITAS MUQÂTIL BIN SULAYMÂN
Authors: Rahmatullah Rahmatullah
Published: November 2019

Intertextuality is one of the contemporary reading theories that discusses texts that cannot be made on their own without relations and relations with other contemporary texts. Intertextuality reading can also be done in reading the Quran. Muqâtil bin Sulaymân is one of the early interpreters who tried to apply intertextuality hermeneutics. The Quran is a continuation of and responds to the scriptures, so he does not hesitate to dialogue with the Quran with the Bible. Most intertextuality hermeneutics built by Muqâtil can be accessed in two aspects. First, the aspects explain things that are not yet clear (mubham), like the names of the characters told in the Quran. Second, the aspect of emphasis is on the historicity and context of the verses of the Quran. This aspect was carried out by Muqâtil by exploring the sources of religion that developed at that time. However, the criticism that needs to be addressed in the method used by Muqâtil is the use of strict non-Islamic history. Muqâtil tends not to notice the process of criticism or materialism in the science of the hadith.
PEMIKIRAN HADIS SHÂH WALÎ ALLAH AL-DAHLAWÎ TENTANG METODE PEMAHAMAN HADIS
Authors: Sa'diyah Fatichatus
Published: November 2019

The problem of understanding the hadith of the Prophet is an urgent question to discuss. This stems from the reality of the hadith as the second source of Islamic teaching after the Quran which in some respects is different from the Quran. One possible way is to conduct a study on the method of understanding the hadith of Shah Walî Allah al-Dahlawî. In this study, it will be elaborated on the method of understanding the hadith based on their forgetting. The results of this study show that epistemologically, the method of understanding hadith according to al-Dahlawî is, among others; the understanding of the hadith based on its validity (knowing its meaning, thus its legal content, ‘illat, harmony, and conditions), the solution of the opposite hadith, and the understanding of the hadith based on historical facts. Ontologically, the method of understanding al-Dahlawî’s hadith is: the hadith is understood based on the position of the Prophet divided into two parts (tablîgh and ghayr al-tablîgh), and the hadith is also understood based on the secrets contained in the text of the hadith. Such al-Dahlawî’s thinking on the method of understanding the hadith has several implications; First, the understanding of the hadith offered opens up the possibility of developing scholars insights later, in which they adopt the same approach as al-Dahlawî. Second, the applications and examples presented by al-Dahlawî have much to do with fiqh. He was a scholar who was able to reconcile the hadith and fiqh, whose thoughts from his works are the answer to the turmoil of thought and the sect that occurred in his time in India. Kata Kunci: Hadis, Hadith Thought, Shâh Walî Allah al-Dahlawî, the method of understanding the hadith
Potensi Penyimpanan Karbon pada Lamun Spesies Enhalus acoroides dan Cymodocea serrulata Di Perairan Jepara
Authors: Harimbi Ken Asti , Taufiq-Spj Nur , Riniatsih Ita
Published: November 2019

Pemanasan global telah menjadi perhatian dunia. Riset karbon dilakukan dalam upaya adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Ekosistem pesisir memiliki fungsi penyerap karbon di lautan (carbon sink) yang dikenal dengan istilah blue carbon. Karbon bebas yang diserap kemudian tersimpan pada sedimen dan organ pada lamun dalam bentuk biomassa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung estimasi stok karbon pada lamun jenis Enhalus acoroides dan Cymodocea serrulata di Teluk Awur, Jepara Jawa Tengah pada Desember 2018. Sampling survey method digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Untuk mendapatkan nilai kerapatan lamun, penentuan titik sampling lamun dengan metode purposive sampling. Analisis kandungan karbon dengan metode pengabuan, sampel lamun dicuplik 3 individu pada jenis Enhalus acoroides dan 6 individu pada jenis Cymodocea serrulatadari 27 titik sampling. Penghitungan total stok karbon dilakukan dengan konversi data biomassa hasil perhitungan kerapatan lamun menjadi kandungan karbon. Hasil analisis menunjukkan estimasi stok karbon jenis lamun Enhalus acoroides (1,07 ton/ha) lebih tinggi daripada Cymodocea serrulata (0,64 ton/ha). Hal ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekosistem lamun berperan sebagai carbon sink. Untuk selanjutnya diharapkan adanya pengelolaan ekosistem pesisir dan laut secara terpadu untuk mempertahankan keberadaan lamun agar kontribusi terhadap ekosistem di sekitarnya semakin stabil. Global warming has been the world's concern. This research was conducted in concern to adapt and mitigate the climate change. Coastal ecosystem has a carbon sink function in the ocean known as a blue carbon. The absorbed carbon is stored on the sediment and organ of the seagrass in the form of biomass. This research aims to estimate carbon stocks on Enhalus acoroides and Cymodocea serrulata in Teluk Awur coastal waters, Jepara of Central Java which was conducted on December 2018. Sampling survey method was used in this study. In order to find the density value of the seagrass in the field area, purposive sampling method was used to determine the sampling points. Dry-ashing method was used for analysing carbon content of the seagrass by using 3 individuals of Enhalus acoroides and 6 individuals sample of Cymodocea serrulata from 27 sampling points. The total calculation of carbon stocks is conducted by converting biomass data into carbon content. The results shows that estimation of the carbon stock of seagrass Enhalus acoroides (1.07 tons/ha) was higher than Cymodocea serrulata (0.64 tons/ha). This can be conclude that the seagrass ecosystem serves as a carbon sink, hence, it is expected that integrated coastal and marine ecosystems management can be maintained the seagrass existence in order to contributed to the surrounding ecosystem.
SMS Security Improvement using RSA in Complaints Application on Regional Head Election’s Fraud
Authors: Sylfania Dwi Yuny , Juniawan Fransiskus Panca , Laurentinus Laurentinus , Pradana Harrizki Arie
Published: November 2019

In the campaign period of regional heads election, fraud can occur, such as money politics, blaming campaign facilities, campaign time violations, and black campaign. This study implemented a secure SMS application for election fraud complaints as a tool for the society to report all forms of election fraud that have occurred to the election supervisory department safely. The RSA algorithm was applied to encrypt the messages for sender privacy protection. The application was able to perform the message randomization function properly with a 10.44% avalanche effect. Brute force attack using a 16-bit key length needs 3.7 milliseconds for each try to find 32.768 possible private keys.
Elements of IYPT2019
Authors: Reedijk Jan
Published: November 2019

The Periodic Table of Chemical Elements has without any doubt developed to one of the most significant achievements in natural sciences. The Table (or System, as called in some languages) is capturing the essence, not only of chemistry, but also of other science areas, like physics, geology, astronomy and biology. The Periodic Table is to be seen as a very special and unique tool, which allows chemists and other scientists to predict the appearance and properties of matter on earth and even in other parts of our the universe.
Elements of Life at the Oxo Wall
Authors: Gray Harry B.
Published: November 2019

We live on a planet bathed in dioxygen. Iron, the most abundant transition metal element on Earth, reacts with dioxygen to form rust and red clays. It is also an essential component of enzymes that generate the energy we need to live, but alas, many of these reactions can be harmful, leading eventually to destruction of vital organs in our bodies. We can’t live without iron and dioxygen, but there are challenges living with them!
A novel film-forming silicone polymer as shale inhibitor for water-based drilling fluids
Authors: Sun Jinsheng , Zhang Fan , Lv Kaihe , Chang Xiaofeng
Published: November 2019

A novel shale inhibitor was synthesized by free radical copolymerization in aqueous solution, using acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), maleic anhydride (MA) KH-570 as reaction monomers and potassium persulfate as initiator. The structure of the copolymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the thermal decomposition temperature of the copolymer was higher than 226°C, which indicated that the copolymer had good high temperature resistance. At the same time, the inhibition performance of the copolymer was further evaluated by linear expansion, immersion test and rolling recovery. The experimental results show that the inhibition performance of organosilicon polymer is obviously better than that of potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium polyacrylate (KPAM), and it can be used as an inhibitor in shale gas drilling.
Examining the Association Between the MMPI-2-RF Triarchic Psychopathy Scales and Suicidality in a Criminal Defendant Sample
Authors: Tylicki Jessica L. , Sellbom Martin , Ben-Porath Yossef S.
Published: November 2019

Prior research has shown that psychopathic personality traits are differentially related to suicide risk, and limited literature also suggests the potential that such risk manifests differently across sex. The current study sought to examine whether sex moderated associations between domains from the triarchic model of psychopathy, a comprehensive perspective of psychopathy, and various suicide variables. Our sample included 1,064 criminal defendants (760 males, 304 females), who had been administered the MMPI-2-RF, from which triarchic psychopathy scales were scored. Suicide-related variables, including current suicidal ideation during interview, history of previous suicide attempts, and number of previous suicide attempts, were reliably obtained from clinical records. The MMPI-2-RF SUI (Suicide/Death Ideation) scale was also examined as a psychometric operationalization of suicidality. Results provided evidence for the general association between psychopathy-related traits and suicide-related outcomes in a manner consistent with the literature. However, these associations did not differ as a function of sex.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Thresholds for Criterion A in the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders
Authors: Buer Christensen Tore , Hummelen Benjamin , Paap Muirne C. S. , Eikenaes Ingeborg , Selvik Sara Germans , Kvarstein Elfrida , Pedersen Geir , Bender Donna S. , Skodol Andrew E. , Nysæter Tor Erik
Published: November 2019

The Level of Personality Functioning Scale (LPFS) of the Alternative DSM-5 Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) was formulated to assess the presence and severity of personality disorders (PDs). Moderate impairment (Level 2) in personality functioning, as measured by the LPFS, was incorporated into the AMPD as a diagnostic threshold for PD in Criterion A of the general criteria, as well as for the “any two areas present” rule for assigning a specific PD diagnosis. This study represents the first evaluation of the diagnostic decision rules for Criterion A, in a clinical sample (N = 282). The results indicate that an overall diagnostic threshold for PDs should be used with caution because it may not identify all DSM-IV PDs. The “any two areas present” rule proved to be a reasonable alternative, although this finding should be interpreted with caution because the LPFS does not measure the disorder-specific A criteria.
The NGFR100WMutation Specifically Impairs Nociception without Affecting Cognitive Performance in a Mouse Model of Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy Type V
Authors: Testa Giovanna , Mainardi Marco , Morelli Chiara , Olimpico Francesco , Pancrazi Laura , Petrella Carla , Severini Cinzia , Florio Rita , Malerba Francesca , Stefanov Antonia , Strettoi Enrica , Brandi Rossella , Arisi Ivan , Heppenstall Paul , Costa Mario , Capsoni Simona , Cattaneo Antonino
Published: November 2019

Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a key mediator of nociception, acting during the development and differentiation of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, and on adult DRG neuron sensitization to painful stimuli. NGF also has central actions in the brain, where it regulates the phenotypic maintenance of cholinergic neurons. The physiological function of NGF as a pain mediator is altered in patients with Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy type V (HSAN V), caused by the 661C>T transition in theNgfgene, resulting in the R100W missense mutation in mature NGF. Homozygous HSAN V patients present with congenital pain insensitivity, but are cognitively normal. This led us to hypothesize that the R100W mutation may differentially affect the central and peripheral actions of NGF. To test this hypothesis and provide a mechanistic basis to the HSAN V phenotype, we generated transgenic mice harboring the human 661C>T mutation in theNgfgene and studied both males and females. We demonstrate that heterozygous NGFR100W/wtmice display impaired nociception. DRG neurons of NGFR100W/wtmice are morphologically normal, with no alteration in the different DRG subpopulations, whereas skin innervation is reduced. The NGFR100Wprotein has reduced capability to activate pain-specific signaling, paralleling its reduced ability to induce mechanical allodynia. Surprisingly, however, NGFR100W/wtmice, unlike heterozygous mNGF+/−mice, show no learning or memory deficits, despite a reduction in secretion and brain levels of NGF. The results exclude haploinsufficiency of NGF as a mechanistic cause for heterozygous HSAN V mice and demonstrate a specific effect of the R100W mutation on nociception.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe R100W mutation in nerve growth factor (NGF) causes Hereditary Sensory and Autonomic Neuropathy type V, a rare disease characterized by impaired nociception, even in apparently clinically silent heterozygotes. For the first time, we generated and characterized heterozygous knock-in mice carrying the human R100W-mutated allele (NGFR100W/wt). Mutant mice have normal nociceptor populations, which, however, display decreased activation of pain transduction pathways. NGFR100Winterferes with peripheral and central NGF bioavailability, but this does not impact on CNS function, as demonstrated by normal learning and memory, in contrast with heterozygous NGF knock-out mice. Thus, a point mutation allows neurotrophic and pronociceptive functions of NGF to be split, with interesting implications for the treatment of chronic pain.
Elevated β-cell stress levels promote severe diabetes development in mice with MODY4
Authors: Trojanowski Bernadette M , Salem Heba H , Neubauer Heike , Simon Eric , Wagner Martin , Dorajoo Rajkumar , Boehm Bernhard O , Labriola Leticia , Wirth Thomas , Baumann Bernd
Published: November 2019

Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a group of monogenetic forms of diabetes mellitus caused by mutations in genes regulating β-cell development and function. MODY represents a heterogeneous group of non-insulin-dependent diabetes arising in childhood or adult life. Interestingly, clinical heterogeneity in MODY patients like variable disease onset and severity is observed even among individual family members sharing the same mutation, an issue that is not well understood. As high blood glucose levels are a well-known factor promoting β-cell stress and ultimately leading to cell death, we asked whether additional β-cell stress might account for the occurrence of disease heterogeneity in mice carrying a MODY4 mutation. In order to challenge β-cells, we established a MODY4 animal model based on Pdx1 (pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1) haploinsufficiency, which allows conditional modulation of cell stress by genetic inhibition of the stress-responsive IKK/NF-κB signalling pathway. While Pdx1+/− mice were found glucose intolerant without progressing to diabetes, additional challenge of β-cell function by IKK/NF-κB inhibition promoted rapid diabetes development showing hyperglycaemia, hypoinsulinemia and loss of β-cell mass. Disease pathogenesis was characterized by deregulation of genes controlling β-cell homeostasis and function. Importantly, restoration of normal IKK/NF-κB signalling reverted the diabetic phenotype including normalization of glycaemia and β-cell mass. Our findings implicate that the avoidance of additional β-cell stress can delay a detrimental disease progression in MODY4 diabetes. Remarkably, an already present diabetic phenotype can be reversed when β-cell stress is normalized.
Growth and Distribution of Child Psychiatrists in the United States: 2007–2016
Authors: McBain Ryan K. , Kofner Aaron , Stein Bradley D. , Cantor Jonathan H. , Vogt William B. , Yu Hao
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Historically, there has been a shortage of child psychiatrists in the United States, undermining access to care. This study updated trends in the growth and distribution of child psychiatrists over the past decade.

METHODS:

Data from the Area Health Resource Files were used to compare the number of child psychiatrists per 100 000 children ages 0 to 19 between 2007 and 2016 by state and county. We also examined sociodemographic characteristics associated with the density of child psychiatrists at the county level over this period using negative binomial multivariable models.

RESULTS:

From 2007 to 2016, the number of child psychiatrists in the United States increased from 6590 to 7991, a 21.3% gain. The number of child psychiatrists per 100 000 children also grew from 8.01 to 9.75, connoting a 21.7% increase. County- and state-level growth varied widely, with 6 states observing a decline in the ratio of child psychiatrists (ID, IN, KS, ND, SC, and SD) and 6 states increasing by >50% (AK, AR, NH, NV, OK, and RI). Seventy percent of counties had no child psychiatrists in both 2007 and 2016. Child psychiatrists were significantly more likely to practice in high-income counties (P < .001), counties with higher levels of postsecondary education (P < .001), and metropolitan counties compared with those adjacent to metropolitan regions (P < .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Despite the increased ratio of child psychiatrists per 100 000 children in the United States over the past decade, there remains a dearth of child psychiatrists, particularly in parts of the United States with lower levels of income and education.
Religious Vaccine Exemptions in Kindergartners: 2011–2018
Authors: Williams Joshua T.B. , Rice John , Cox-Martin Matt , Bayliss Elizabeth A. , O’Leary Sean T.
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND:

Forty-five states permit religious exemptions to school immunization laws; 15 allow personal belief exemptions. Updated religious exemption estimates are lacking, and it is unclear if personal belief exemption availability impacts religious exemption rates. We aimed to (1) update religious exemption trends in kindergartners, (2) compare states’ proportions of kindergartners with religious exemptions by personal belief exemption availability, and (3) describe whether the proportion of kindergartners with religious exemptions changed in Vermont after it eliminated personal belief exemptions in 2016.

METHODS:

We analyzed Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data on exemptions for children entering kindergarten from 2011 to 2018, including 295 state-years in our final analysis. Using a quasi-binomial regression analysis, we compared mean proportions of kindergartners with religious exemptions in states allowing both nonmedical exemptions against states with religious exemptions only, adjusting for policy strength and school year.

RESULTS:

States with religious and personal belief exemptions were one-fourth as likely to have kindergartners with religious exemptions as states with religious exemptions only (risk ratio 0.25; 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.38). After Vermont’s policy change, the mean proportion of kindergartners with a religious exemption increased from 0.5% to 3.7%. States were significantly more likely to have kindergartners with religious exemptions during the 2017–2018 school year compared with the 2011–2012 school year (P = .04).

CONCLUSIONS:

Religious exemption rates appear to be associated with personal belief exemption availability, may be subject to a replacement effect on personal belief exemption elimination, and are increasing. Researchers and policy makers should confirm findings with individual-level studies and reconsider the purpose and nature of religious exemption laws.
Assessment of relationship between the use of cell phone and social networks and sleep quality in students of medical sciences: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Saman Javad Amini , Valinejadi Ali , Mohammadi Saeed , Karimpor Hassanali , Mirzaei Maryam , Kawyannejad Rasool
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Sleep quality is an essential aspect in human health and function. Considering high prevalence of using smartphones and social networks among students and their impact on sleep quality, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between the overuse of cell phone and addiction to social networks and students’ sleep quality.

Materials and methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran in 2018. Using cluster sampling, 321 students from different disciplines were selected. Data gathering tools consisted of the questionnaire of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Cell phone use and addiction to social networks were assessed using Cell Phone Overuse Scale and a researcher-made questionnaire, respectively. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19) and Pearson’s correlation test.

Results

The mean total score of sleep quality in students was 6.58 ± 1.05. There was a positive and significant correlation between sleep quality and social networks addiction score (p < 0.05, r = 0.5) and cell phone overuse (p < 0.05, r = 0.44); this is an inverse correlation, because higher scores of the total PSQI denote a lower sleep quality and, in Cell Phone Overuse Scale, higher scores shows overuse.

Conclusions

According to the findings of this study, there was a significant statistical relationship between the overuse of cell phone and social networks and students’ sleep quality. In other words, students who have had overuse of cell phones had poorer sleep quality. Therefore, providing effective educational programs to improve the sleep quality in this group is essential.
Assessing the effect of arrival time of physician and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) team on the outcome of CPR
Authors: Ezzati Ebrahim , Mohammadi Saeed , Karimpour Hassanali , Saman Javad Amini , Goodarzi Afshin , Jalali Amir , Almasi Afshin , Vafaei Kamran , Kawyannejad Rasool
Published: November 2019

Introduction

Negligence of proper time and poor performance of resuscitation team can lead to more mortality and negative consequences of cardiac arrest, as well as less survival. This study was conducted with objective of determining the arrival time of physician and resuscitation team to survive the victims of cardiopulmonary arrest.

Materials and methods

In this prospective and descriptive-analytic study, the resuscitation performance and the arrival time of resuscitation team in 143 inpatients who had been diagnosed with witnessed cardiopulmonary arrest were examined using a researcher-made checklist. Data analysis was performed using parametric and non-parametric statistical tests and SPSS.

Results

Initial survival rate was 26.6%. In general, the mean time of physician’s presence after the code announcement in minutes and seconds was 02:31 ± 01:22. It was also 02:24 ± 01:15 in successful cases and 02:34 ± 01:25 in unsuccessful cases. Independent t-test did not show a significant difference between the physician’s presence time and the rate of initial successful resuscitation (p = 0.504). The time of first shock after observing ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia (in minutes and seconds) was 01:30 ± 00:47. According to independent t-test, the aforementioned time was less than the mean time (02:31 ± 01:22) of physician’s presence (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In this study, the initial survival rate in comparison to other regions in the country was almost more favorable and it was similar to global norms. In this study, the starting time of resuscitation was within the acceptable range. There was no relationship between the presence of physician and the initial survival rate of patients, as well as the use of defibrillator (by physician compared to other team members) and intubation with the initial survival rate. This could indicate the adequate performance of resuscitation team in the absence of physician on the condition of having sufficient knowledge and skill.
A imagem simbólica de um território: a marca Barra.
Authors: Pasquotto Geise Brizotti
Published: November 2019

A Região Administrativa (R.A.) Barra da Tijuca, situada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, é uma das áreas que obteve um dos maiores crescimentos populacionais, e consequentemente, de domicílios. Este forte crescimento imobiliário também ocasionou um espraiamento para bairros vizinhos, como o de Jacarepaguá. Esse movimento não foi apenas construtivo e sim de uma ressignificação espacial. A marca “Barra” foi inserida juntamente com os novos empreendimentos, fazendo com que estas fronteiras perdessem sua identidade original, tornando-se um local de consumo de um modo de vida. O presente artigo divide-se em dois eixos, o primeiro mostrará dados relativos ao Uso e Ocupação do Solo na R.A. Barra da Tijuca e o segundo abordará o espraiamento do bairro de mesmo nome para além de seus limites.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Uso e ocupação do solo. Barra da Tijuca. Marca.
Electroporation of Aurantiochytrium limacinum (ATCC MYA-1381) v1
Authors: Rius Mariana , Collier Jackie
Published: November 2019

Electroporation strategy used in the transformation of Aurantiochytriumlimacinum(ATCC MYA-1381; Stramenopile/ Heterokont, Thraustochytrid).This protocol is following the guidance of Ono et al. 2011. US Patent # 7,888,123 B2.
De la norme lingvistice la o Limbă Standard: Cazul limbii grecești moderne
Authors: Moschonas Spiros A.
Published: November 2019

Studiul de față urmărește schimbările din varianta standard a limbii plecînd de la schimbările de la nivelul multiplelor norme ale acestei variante. Are în vedere mai ales procesul continuu de standardizare a limbii grecești moderne și pune în discuție: a) schimbarea inițială în privința planificării lingvistice, ce a cuprins trecerea de la codificarea limbii grecești moderne propusă de Jannnis Psycharis spre o codificare mai „permisivă” propusă de Manolis Triandaphyllidis; b) propagarea normelor lingvistice la nivelul maselor prin presă și prin mijloace electronice, după promulgarea legii privind „Chestiunea Limbii Grecești”; c) procesul „de-idiologizării” sau „naturalizării” normelor; d) un relativ recent caz de stilizare a unei forme lingvistice intens recomandate ca normă (nazalizarea consoanelor oclusive sonore), situație care probabil că reprezintă o nouă fază a procesului de standardizare.

Cele patru cazuri de norme variabile sînt discutate în interiorul teoriei performative a standardizării. Am recurs la abordarea întemeiată pe studiul de corpus, urmărind instanțe corective (acte metalingvistice de limbaj, de tipul: „nu se va spune, nici nu se va scrie X; se va spune și se va scrie Y”) și permisive („se poate spune sau scrie atît X, cît și Y, cu condiția ca C”). Asemenea triplete apar în texte care prescriu uzul lingvistic. Am luat în considerare mai multe tipuri de texte: gramatici oficiale, articole de cultivare a limbii apărute în presă, emisiuni de radio și televiziune, ghiduri de exprimare adresate atît publicului larg, cît și profesioniștilor care lucrează în media.

Am arătat că instanțele permisive și/sau corective formează repertorii care se schimbă de-a lungul timpului. Asemenea schimbări la nivelul normelor lingvistice produc schimbări la nivelul limbii standard. În concordanță cu teoria performativă, limbile standard sînt supuse restandardizării pe măsură ce normele lingvistice sînt supuse redefinirii. Schimbările de la nivelul repertoriilor corective sînt mărturii ale unui proces de continuă standardizare a limbii grecești moderne. Acest proces apare ca fiind mediat, i.e., a influențat și a fost influențat de practici prescriptive din mediul tipărit și al comunicării electronice de masă.
Lexical imitation and lexical creation in contemporary Romanian
Authors: Ene Ana
Published: November 2019

The present paper analyses lexical imitation and creation in contemporary Romanian, as two important processes of developing the individual and collective lexis, along with the various forms of borrowing and the internal lexical-grammatical techniques of vocabulary enrichment.

Setting the perimeter of the investigation entails: 1) clarifying the two concepts and, due to the complexity of the phenomena and the diversity of occurrences both in the specialised language, in the non-specialized language, as well as in the colloquial and argotic language, a typological approach will follow. The subsequent objective 2) consists in the identification and description of the lexical-semantic mechanisms involved in lexical imitation and creation. Furthermore, as lexical imitation and lexical creation are substantial sources of expressiveness, my endeavour also involves 3) studying their special role in the dynamics of the slang, depending on the degree of communicational complicity determined by such special lexical items.

The accomplishment of these objectives requires a chiefly linguistic methodology and the instruments used pertain mainly to the semantic and lexical-paradigmatic patterns of analysis. Given the necessity of considering the context, the discursive parameters and the quantification of the expressiveness of the argotic terms, the present investigation will require instruments of pragma-stylistics and sociolinguistics analysis.
Imitația și creația lexicală în limba română contemporană
Authors: Ene Ana
Published: November 2019

Lucrarea investighează imitația și creația lexicală în limba română contemporană ca fiind importante procedee de dezvoltare a lexicului individual și colectiv, alături de diversele forme de împrumut propriu-zis și de procedeele interne lexico-gramaticale de îmbogățire a vocabularului.

Configurarea perimetrului investigației presupune 1) clarificarea celor două concepte, urmată de o încercare tipologică, dată fiind complexitatea fenomenului și diversitatea ocurențelor sale, atît în limbajele de specialitate, în limbajul comun, cît și în cel familiar și argotic. Acestui prim obiectiv i se subordonează 2) identificarea și descrierea mecanismelor lexico-semantice implicate de imitația și creația lexicală. Cum imitația și creația lexicală sînt și o substanțială sursă de expresivitate, demersul nostru își propune și 3) studierea rolului aparte pe care îl dețin în dinamica argoului, în funcție de gradul de complicitate comunicațională determinat de astfel de elemente lexicale speciale.

Realizarea acestor obiective reclamă o metodologie general lingvistică, instrumentele aparținînd preponderent analizelor de tip semantic, lexical-paradigmatice. Dată fiind necesitatea luării în calcul a contextului, a parametrilor situației de enunțare și a cuantificării expresivității termenilor argotici, investigația de față va implica și instrumente ale analizei de tip pragmastilistic și sociolingvistic.
Proper names in marginal notes to a 17th century Romanian translation of the Old Testament (ms. no. 4389 B.A.R.)
Authors: Gînsac Ana-Maria , Ungureanu Mădălina
Published: November 2019

Translating proper names in earlier Romanian versions of the Bible raised different challenges. Some of them were solved in the main text, some other in marginal notes. Such notes are to be found in the second complete translation of the Old Testament into Romanian, kept in the manuscript no. 4389 from the Romanian Academy Library and dated in the second half of the 17th century. The marginal notes from this old Romanian translation refer to the relation of the text with its Slavonic source, in terms of correcting the translation errors, with the secondary sources (in Latin, Romanian, and Greek), pointing to some denomination models different from the main source, and with the linguistic norm of the translated text, in terms of grammatical and lexical adaptations to the system and vocabulary of Romanian. This article explores the strategies related to the translation into Romanian of biblical names based on their treatment in the marginal notes of the mentioned text; it also aims at clarifying, as far as possible, the sources and how the translator relates to them.
Numele proprii în notele marginale dintr-o traducere românească a Vechiului Testament din secolul al XVII-lea (ms. 4389 B.A.R.)
Authors: Gînsac Ana-Maria , Ungureanu Mădălina
Published: November 2019

Primele traduceri ale Bibliei în limba română prezintă numeroase probleme în privința traducerii numelor proprii din textele sursă. Unele dintre acestea sînt rezolvate în text, altele pe marginea lui. În privința acestei clase nominale, glosele sau notele marginale dintr-un text manuscris din secolul al XVII-lea care conține a doua traducere integrală a Vechiului Testament în limba română (manuscrisul românesc nr. 4389 de la Biblioteca Academiei Române) privesc raportul textului tradus cu sursa principală (corectarea unor erori de traducere), cu sursele secundare (semnalarea unor realități denominative diferite de sursa principală) și cu norma lingvistică a textului tradus (adaptări morfologice sau lexicale, actualizări potrivit sistemului denominativ al limbii țintă). Ne propunem să urmărim specificul problemelor legate de transpunerea în limba română a onomasticii biblice pe baza tratamentului acesteia în notele marginale din textul amintit și să clarificăm, în măsura posibilului, pe baza informațiilor obținute, unele aspecte legate de sursele utilizate și de modul în care traducătorul se raportează la acestea.