bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BOAR, BREED AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS INFLUENCING SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF BOARS USED IN ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
Authors: KENNEDY B. W. , WILKINS J. N.
Published: March 2010

A total of 12 717 ejaculates from 74 Yorkshire, 25 Hampshire, 35 Duroc, 27 Landrace and 5 Lacombe boars were measured for semen volume, sperm concentration, percentage live sperm, motility and potential doses of semen. The data were collected by the Ontario Swine AI Association between 1971 and 1980. Boar repeatability and the effects of breed of boar, technician, year, month, day of the week, interval between collections and age of boar were examined. Boar repeatabilities were 0.21 for volume, 0.32 for concentration, 0.28 for percentage live sperm, 0.21 for motility score and 0.30 for potential doses. Breed of boar effects were significant for all semen measures. Potential doses were highest for Yorkshire (14.7), followed by Landrace (13.7), Duroc (12.9), Hampshire (12.5) and Lacombe (7.7). Differences between technicians were significant for all measures except potential doses. Technicians who collected greater semen volume obtained ejaculates with lower sperm concentration, which resulted in no real difference between technicians for potential doses. Similarly, day of collection was significant for all measures except potential doses. Volume of semen collected was lowest on Saturdays, but Saturday collections had the highest sperm concentration, percentage live sperm and motility scores. Seasonal effects were significant on all traits. Semen volume was lowest in April and increased steadily to peak in November whereafter volume declined. The seasonal pattern for concentration was less definite. Percentage live sperm and motility were highest in January and declined steadily to a low point in August. Potential doses were highest from November to January (13.2–14.2) and lowest from April to June (10.7–10.9). Year effects were also significant and potential doses increased over time. As interval between collections increased, there was as significant increase in semen volume, concentration and potential doses, but interval had little effect on percentage live sperm and motility. Age of boar effects were significant for all traits. Maximum volume, concentration and potential doses were from 24- to 29-mo old boars and lowest volume, concentration and potential doses were from young boars of less than 9 mo. However, percentage live sperm and motility were highest for young boars and declined with increasing age. Key words: Boar, semen, repeatability, breed, age, collection interval
METHODS FOR PROTECTING SOYBEAN AND CANOLA PROTEINS FROM DEGRADATION IN THE RUMEN
Authors: MIR Z. , MacLEOD G. K. , BUCHANAN-SMITH J. G. , GRIEVE D. G. , GROVUM W. L.
Published: March 2010

Soybean and canola proteins were treated with heat, formaldehyde (HCHO), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), whole fresh blood (BL) or fish hydrolysate (FH). Effect of these treatments on in situ protein degradability was measured by the nylon bag technique using fisulated steers. All treatments with the exception of heat were effective in protecting protein of soybeans and soybean meal (SBM). Canola seed protein was protected with heat at 110 °C for 2 h and with chemical treatments; all treatments were effective in protecting canola meal (CM) protein. Essential amino acid profiles of these residues from HCHO- or NaOH-treated SBM were not different from untreated SBM residue but increases in some essential amino acids were found in BL-treated SBM residue. Rat bioassays of residues from nylon bag studies revealed that protein quality of SBM, as indicated by net protein ratio, was significantly reduced (P < 0.05) by addition of HCHO, NaOH, BL or FH. Protein digestibility of SBM and CM was decreased by HCHO treatment but not by other treatments. NaOH treatment of CM had no effect on protein quality but HCHO, BL or FH treatments significantly improved (P < 0.05) protein quality of CM residue compared with untreated CM residue. These studies demonstrate that soybean and canola proteins can be effectively protected from degradation in the rumen by NaOH, BL or FH treatment without adverse effect on protein digestibility. Key words: Formaldehyde, sodium hydroxide, blood, fish hydrolysate, soybean, canola
EFFECTS OF LIQUEFIED FISH, COTTONSEED MEAL AND FEATHER MEAL ON IN VIVO AND IN VITRO RUMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF SHEEP
Authors: SHQUEIR A. A. , KELLEMS R. O. , CHURCH D. C.
Published: March 2010

Two rumen-fistulated wethers were utilized to study rumen fluid characteristics of wethers fed supplements containing liquefied fish (LF), cottonseed meal (CSM) or hydrolyzed feather meal (FM). These supplements provided 50% of the total dietary crude protein (CP) in each treatment. Supplements were fed twice daily along with grass hay. Each treatment consisted of a 12-day adjustment period and a 3-day collection period; rumen fluid samples were taken every hour for 4h after feeding. Treatment means were different (P < 0.05) in rumen pH, acetic:propionic acid ratio (A/P) and molar percentage of acetic (Ac), propionic (Pro), isobutyric (IB) and valeric (V) acids. Rumen pH was generally lower in the latter part of the 4-h collection period. The feeding of LF resulted in increased rumen fluid ammonia-N (NH3-N; P < 0.01) compared with CSM and FM treatments. In vitro digestibility trials were conducted in which varying levels of LF were substituted for urea-N in a liquid supplement (LS). Trials were conducted to determine the optimum level for inclusion of LF in LS based on in vitro digestibility of grass hay and cellulose (Solka floc). Treatments were formulated to contain 14% CP (dry basis) with LF added to replace 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 and 15% of urea-N in LS. Cottonseed meal and FM were used as controls. In vitro dry matter disappearance (IVDMD) was increased (P < 0.01) by increasing LF levels. The NH3-N (P < 0.01) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) concentration (P < 0.05) were higher in the supernatant for LF-treated samples than for the FM treatment. When Solka floe was used as the substrate, there were no differences (P > 0.05) among levels of LF treatments for the various supernatant characteristics, but LF treatments increased (P < 0.05) IVDMD, NH3-N, A/P and molar percentage of Ac, Pro, and IB aids compared with the controls. Key words: Sheep, liquefied fish, liquid supplements, ammonia-nitrogen, forage digestion
EFFECT OF DAILY WEATHER CONDITIONS ON BLOAT IN CATTLE FED FRESH ALFALFA
Authors: HALL J. W. , MAJAK W. , WILLIAMS R. J. , HOWARTH R. E.
Published: March 2010

Daily weather records from seven consecutive growing seasons and daily nitrogen levels in alfalfa herbage from the last four seasons were studied in order to identify relationships with bloat in cattle. The cattle tended to bloat as a group rather than independently. Bloat occurred on at least 30% of the days observed in each season but in the two driest, warmest years the percentages increased to 46 and 63. Days on which bloat occurred were preceded by lower maximum and minimum temperatures on the average than days on which bloat did not occur but the difference in temperature was small. On a daily basis no differences were observed between days of bloat and no bloat in hours of sunshine, temperature range, precipitation, solar radiation flux or potential evapotranspiration. The concentration of total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and soluble protein nitrogen in the feed was higher on days when bloat occurred than when it did not occur. Key words: Pasture bloat, alfalfa, cattle, climate, evapotranspiration
CARBADOX AND SULFAMETHAZINE AS GROWTH PROMOTERS IN TWO SWINE HERDS WITH ATROPHIC RHINITIS
Authors: WHEELHOUSE R. K. , GADBOIS P. , GROVES B. I.
Published: March 2010

Two trials were conducted with recently weaned 9-kg pigs fed to 95 kg, when naturally affected with atrophic rhinitis, to determine the effect of feeding carbadox and sulfamethazine, alone or in combinaton, up to 35 kg liveweight, on the performance of pigs fed to 95 kg. Trial locations, using similar management practices, were selected in Ontario and Saskatchewan based on a previous history of chronic atrophic rhinitis. In the starter period, carbadox fed alone or in combination with sulfamethazine, improved (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) as compared to non-medicated controls. A combined evaluation of the data also revealed that the former treatments also enhanced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency (FE), whereas sulfamethazine alone had no impact (P > 0.05) upon performance in the starter period. Following drug withdrawal up to market, performance differences (P < 0.05) were not observed between treatments. However, sulfamethazine alone tended to increase (P > 0.05) ADG as compared to the other treatments, while the other medicated treatments tended to improve (P > 0.05) FE. When starter and grower periods were combined, significant (P < 0.05) performance improvements were not apparent, although each medicated treatment increased (5–7%) ADG. Carbadox and carbadox/sulfamethazine tended to improve feed efficiency more than sulfamethazine alone. While the combination treatment produced some improvement (P > 0.05) in feed efficiency as compared to carbadox alone, this was not considered to be additive. Use of the medications did not result in a reduction of mean nasal lesion score due to atrophic rhinitis. Key words: Carbadox, sulfamethazine, atrophic rhinitis, pigs
PROCESSED POPLAR WOOD PELLETS AS A SOURCE OF ENERGY FOR HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES
Authors: DREVJANY L. A. , HOOPER G. S. , CANDLER W. V.
Published: March 2010

Eighteen Holstein bull calves averaging 100 kg were individually housed and radomly assigned to nine dietary treatments. Isonitrogenous diets, containing approximately 12% protein (DM basis), were offered free choice. Treatment 1 consisted of ground ear corn and liquid protein supplement (LPS-50) with 50% protein equivalent from urea. In the eight remaining treatments, corn ears were gradually replaced by processed poplar wood pellets (Bender-Heaney process) so that Treatment 9 consisted of processed wood and LPS-50 only. Increments of processed wood dry matter were approximately 10%/treatment. Weight gains and feed consumptions were recorded at 14-day intervals over the 98-day trial. Blood samples were taken for 3 consecutive days prior to slaughter. Digestive organs were observed for abnormalities and reticuloruminal contents were analyzed for pH, protein and volatile fatty acids. Overall daily gains (kg) and feed conversion ratios for Treatments 1–9 were 1.14, 5.97; 1.26, 5.81; 1.35, 6.01; 1.16, 6.73; 1.01, 7.31; 0.91, 8.05; 0.52, 11.44; 0.16, 27.23, respectively. There were no treatment effects on acetic, propionic and butyric acid concentrations in the reticulorumen. However, as the proportion of processed wood increased, there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the concentrations of valeric and isovaleric acids. The curve for blood glucose was quadratic (P < 0.05), reaching maximum at the 20% level of processed wood and decreasing gradually thereafter. The rise of blood urea nitrogen was linear with increased values for treatments with higher proportion of processed wood in the ration. No consistent diet-related histopathological effects on the digestive organs were observed. Key words: Processed wood, NPN, iso-acids, BUN, calves
FLOW AND ACIDITY OF DIGESTA ENTERING THE DUODENUM AS INFLUENCED BY BUFFERS AND TIME AFTER FEEDING IN WETHERS
Authors: PRIGGE E. C. , SVONAVEC J. J.
Published: March 2010

Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated wether lambs were offered 90% concentrate diets at 1.75% of body weight buffered with 1% NaHCO3, 0.9% limestone with a fast rate of reactivity or 0.9% limestone with a slow rate of reactivity and a control diet. No treatment effects (P > 0.10) were observed for any of the ruminal or duodenal variables measured. Duodenal pH over time was related positively (P < 0.01) to rumen pH and total volatile fatty acid concentration. Key words: Buffers, wethers, duodenum, rumen, pH, time after feeding
WATER CONSUMPTION OF MEAT-TYPE CHICKENS
Authors: GARDINER E. E. , HUNT J. R.
Published: March 2010

Water consumption of meat-type chickens was measured daily to 9 wk of age. Water consumption in litres/1000 chicks increased from 226.4 L in week 1 to 2353.7 in week 9. Water:feed ratio varied from 1.34 to 2.06 while water:gain ratio was 2.60 to 3.60. Water consumption and water:feed ratios varied considerably from literature values. Key words: Water consumption; water:feed, meat-type chickens
RESPONSE OF GROWING-FINISHING PIGS TO DIETARY INCLUSION OF GREEN FOXTAIL (Setaria viridis) SEEDS
Authors: CASTELL A. G.
Published: March 2010

Increasing the level of wheat screenings (95% green foxtail seeds) from 0 to 25% in diets fed ad libitum over the period from 34 to 89 kg liveweight resulted in an increased daily feed intake (P < 0.05), reduced (P < 0.05) feed efficiency and apparent digestibility, but produced no consistent effects on growth rate or carcass composition. Key words: Growing pigs, green foxtail, Setaria viridis, carcass, digestibility
URINARY EXCRETION OF FREE AMINO ACIDS, CYSTATHIONINE AND TAURINE BY THE YOUNG PIG
Authors: SOUTHERN L. L. , BAKER D. H.
Published: March 2010

Urea-N, NH3-N, creatinine-N and amino-acid-N accounted for 77% of the total urinary nitrogen excreted by young pigs. The N from glycine, alanine and taurine made up 75% of the total urinary amino-acid-N. The N from indispensable amino acids, however, accounted for less than 10% of the total amino-acid-N. A complete urinary amino acid profile for the young pig is presented. Key words: Swine, urine, amino acids, nitrogen, nitrogen-containing compounds
PROTOZOAL NITROGEN IN THE STOMACH OF CATTLE
Authors: PUNIA B. S. , LEIBHOLZ JANE
Published: March 2010

Protozoal contributions to nitrogen (N) in the rumen, omasum and abomasum were measured in cattle fed NaOH-treated wheat straw. Mean protozoal N contribution to total N was 16–20% in the rumen, 17% in the omasum and a minimum of 11% in the abomasum. Two methods of estimation were investigated. Key words: Protozoa, protozoal nitrogen, microbial nitrogen
FERMENTATION OF WHEAT OR LUPINS IN THE RUMEN OF SHEEP
Authors: HODGE R. W. , WATSON M. J. , KAT C.
Published: March 2010

The concentration of ammonia nitrogen and branched chain fatty acids was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in ruminal fluid of sheep given lupins than in those given wheat but there were no significant differences in pH, total volatile fatty acid concentration or molar proportions of acetate, propionate or butyrate. Key words: Sheep, wheat, lupins, rumen, fermentation
USE OF A CONTINUOUS CULTURE SYSTEM TO STUDY PHOSPHORUS REQUIREMENTS IN THE RUMEN
Authors: KOMISARCZUK S. , MERRY R. J. , McALLAN A. B. , SMITH R. H. , DURAND M.
Published: March 2010

It was found that when a stable rumen fermentation, established in a continuous culture apparatus, was subjected to severe phosphorus deficiency, there were marked reductions in protozoal numbers, volatile fatty acid and ATP concentrations, and increased pH and ammonia concentrations, indicating reduced fermentative and synthetic capacities of the rumen microbes. Key words: Continuous culture, rumen fermentation, phosphorus deficiency
METABOLISM OF 14C- AND 15N-LABELLED ACETAMIDE AND ACETYLUREA AS NPN SOURCES
Authors: BERGNER H.
Published: March 2010

Acetamide was degraded in the rumen and was used for bacterial protein synthesis on a high level. Acetylurea was not degraded in the rumen. 15N-labelled urea returned via rumino-hepatic circulation to the rumen after the degradation of acetylurea outside the rumen and served as a nitrogen source for bacterial protein synthesis. Key words: 14C-15N-acetamide, 14C-15N-acetylurea, NPN, bacterial protein, sheep
INFLUENCE OF FORAGE PHENOLICS ON CELLULOLYTIC BACTERIA AND IN VITRO CELLULOSE DEGRADATION
Authors: VAREL V. H. , JUNG H. G.
Published: March 2010

The forage phenolics, cinnamic acid and vanillin depressed in vitro dry matter disappearance of cellulose 14 and 49%, respectively. Compared to controls, the number of Bacteroides succinogenes was threefold greater for fermentations which contained vanillin. These results are contrary to those expected and vanillin-induced oxidation of anaerobic conditions may be involved. Key words: Forage phenolics, in vitro digestion, cellulolytic bacteria
TENEUR EN ACIDE RIBONUCLÉIQUE DE JUS DE RUMEN DE MOUTONS
Authors: LAURENT F. , BLANCHART G. , VIGNON B.
Published: March 2010

not available
INFLUENCE OF PHENOLIC ACIDS ON FORAGE STRUCTURAL CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION
Authors: JUNG H. G. , FAHEY JR. G. C.
Published: March 2010

p-Coumaric acid (PCA) and ferulic acid (FA) inhibit cellulose digestion in vitro, whereas PCA stimulates hemicellulose degradation. Acid concentrations increase in tall fescue during maturation but remain stable in alfalfa. Hemicellulose and cellulose digestion by sheep is associated with phenolic acid content of tall fescue but not of alfalfa. Key words: p-Coumaric and ferulic acids, hemicellulose and cellulose digestion
CYTOSINE AS A MARKER FOR MICROBIAL NITROGEN LEAVING THE RUMEN
Authors: SCHELLING GERALD T. , BYERS FLOYD M.
Published: March 2010

In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to investigate the use of purine or pyrimidine bases as markers for rumen microbial nitrogen. The cytosine to microbial nitrogen ratio is a valid technique that has good accuracy and the advantage of minimal sample preparation. Key words: Rumen microbial protein, cytosine microbial marker
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DIETARY NITROGEN SUPPLEMENTS ON RUMEN FERMENTATION
Authors: MERRY R. J. , SMITH R. H. , McALLAN A. B.
Published: March 2010

Supplementing a nitrogen-deficient diet containing treated straw with urea improved fiber digestion and microbial protein synthetic efficiency, but only fiber digestion was further improved by replacing urea with fishmeal. Experiments with a stable in vitro model of rumen fermentation, fed continuously with solid feed, confirmed some of these findings. Key words: Rumen fermentation, cattle, in vitro, in vivo
POLYSACCHARIDE DEGRADING ENZYMES IN MICROBIAL POPULATIONS FROM THE LIQUID AND SOLID FRACTIONS OF BOVINE RUMEN DIGESTA
Authors: WILLIAMS A. G. , STRACHAN N. H.
Published: March 2010

Polysaccharide depolymerase and glycoside hydrolase enzymes involved in the degradation of plant structural polysaccharides were most active in the adherent particle-associated microorganisms, whereas soluble saccharides were metabolized by the liquid phase and nonadherent populations. The activities were constant confirming the stability of the populations. Key words: Polysaccharidase, glycosidase, particle-associated microorganisms
LOCALIZATION OF RUMEN WALL-ADHERENT UREOLYTIC BACTERIA
Authors: McLEAN R. J. C. , COSTERTON J. W. , CHENG K.-J.
Published: March 2010

Treatment of rumen tissue samples with a newly developed histochemical technique for urease localization resulted in an electron dense reaction product deposition in several wall-associated bacteria. This represents the first instance in which ureolytic rumen wall-associated bacteria can be identified with transmission electron microscopy. Key words: Histochemical, rumen, urease, localization
EFFECTS OF SLAFRAMINE ON SALIVARY FLOW AND RUMEN FUNCTION
Authors: FROETSCHEL M. A. , CROOM Jr. W. JAMES , GASKINS R. , HAGLER W. M. , BROQUIST H. P.
Published: March 2010

Consumption of red clover contaminated with slaframine increased salivary flow, and tended to increase rumen fluid dilution rate and acetate to propionate ratio in wethers. Subcutaneous administration of purified slaframine increased eating salivary flow rate up to 316% in steers. Key words: Slaframine, salivary flow, rumen function
RETICULAR MYOELECTRIC ACTIVITY AND TURNOVER OF RUMEN DIGESTA IN THE GROWING STEER
Authors: SISSONS J. W. , THURSTON SHEILA M. , SMITH R. H.
Published: March 2010

Myoelectric activity and digesta turnover was measured in the forestomach of steers adapted to diets varying in proportions of hay and concentrates. Frequencies of reticular spike bursts were positively related to turnover rates of liquid rumen digesta. Variations in these processes were induced by changes in diet composition. Key words: Cattle, reticulum motility, digesta turnover
PARTICULATE AND FLUID PASSAGE STUDIES IN SHEEP FED A HAY-BASED DIET
Authors: PONCET C. , ABD A. AL
Published: March 2010

Cr-mordanted fiber, Cr-impregnated cellulose, 169ytterbium, 51Cr-EDT and PEG were compared as digesta passage rate markers in the stomachs and the whole tract in sheep fed hay (80%) and concentrates (20%). Mean retention times of the particulate markers are in the order Cr-mord. > Cr-cell > 169Yb. Cr-EDTA gives more consistent results than PEG. Key words: Particulate markers, fluid markers, mean retention time, rumen, whole tract, feeding frequency, hay, sheep
ENDOSCOPIC OBSERVATIONS OF DIGESTA TRANSFER FROM THE RETICULO-RUMEN TO OMASUM OF CATTLE
Authors: McBRIDE B. W. , MILLIGAN L. P. , TURNER B. V.
Published: March 2010

Digesta transfer from the reticulo-rumen to the omasum of a fed steer was filmed in situ using fiberoptic techniques. The reticulo-omasal orifice was not a site of discrimination of the size of digesta particles that leave the rumen. Large particles (10 mm in length) could clearly pass through the orifice. Key words: Reticulo-omasal orifice, digesta transfer, cattle
INTRAVENOUS SOMATOSTATIN INFUSION AFFECTS GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT FUNCTION IN SHEEP
Authors: FAICHNEY G. J. , BARRY T. N.
Published: March 2010

Intravenous somatostatin infusion to anestrous ewes decreased the weight of all postomasal gut tissues, produced small increases in total 51Cr-EDTA and, 103Ru-phen mean retention times, increased the proportion of the total mean retention time spent in the abomasum + small intestine + cecum/proximal colon and decreased the proportion spent in the distal large intestine. Key words: Somatostatin, gut function, marker retention times
PLASMA GASTRIN IN THE FETAL AND NEONATAL LAMB, AND THE PREGNANT AND LACTATING EWE
Authors: BELL A. W. , CRANWELL P. D. , HANSKY J.
Published: March 2010

Plasma gastrin was measured in 12 Merino ewes and 35 lambs from 90 days gestation until 22 days postpartum. A significant linear increase in fetal gastrin during gestation reached a peak in the neonate 24 h after birth. Gastrin infusion into ewes caused a significant rise in gastrin concentration in maternal but not fetal circulation. Key words: Gastrin, sheep, fetus, neonate, ewe
EARLYLIFE PATTERN OF PLASMA SECRETIN LEVEL IN CALVES
Authors: GUILLOTEAU P. , TOULLEC R. , GRONGNET J. F. , DARDILLAT C. , CHAYVIALLE J. A.
Published: March 2010

Newborn calves given colostrum showed an increase of plasma immunoreactive secretin (IRS), that did not occur in fasted animals. Thereafter, fasting plasma IRS levels were high in preruminant calves, with a clear fall 1 h after the morning meal. IRS levels were lower in animals given fish instead of milk protein. The postprandial decrease was no longer observed after weaning. Key words: Calf, secretin, preruminant, ruminant
INFLUENCE OF SORBITOL ON BILIARY SECRETION IN THE PRERUMINANT CALF
Authors: THIVEND P. , DEBARRE MICHÈLE , LEFAIVRE J. , TOULLEC R.
Published: March 2010

With sorbitol in preruminant calf feeding, biliary secretion increases, according to the sorbitol intake and bile flow level. Output increase involves minerals and is not necessarily accompanied by an increased excretion of organic matter or biliary salts. Key words: Bile, secretion, sorbitol, preruminant, calf, biliary salts, minerals
COMPOSITION CHANGES IN PANCREATIC JUICE IN SHEEP CAUSED BY PREVENTION OF ENTRY OF DIGESTA INTO THE DUODENUM
Authors: USHIJIMA J. , OKUBO M. , KATO S.
Published: March 2010

The temporary prevention of entry of digesta into the duodenum of sheep increased the specific activities of amylase and lipase in pancreatic juice by 35% and 42%, respectively, and decreased that of protease by 52%. In this preparation, intravenous infusion of caerulein increased the specific activity of protease but did not change amylase activity. Key words: Pancreas, digesta flow, amylase, lipase, protease
ESOPHAGEAL FISTULATION OF SHEEP FOR SHAM FEEDING STUDIES
Authors: CHAPMAN H. W. , GROVUM W. L.
Published: March 2010

Esophageal fistulae suitable for sham feeding studies were produced in 19 sheep. A new plug design, surgical techniques and maintenance procedures including a method for reducing the size of large fistulae are described. The technique was more successful with older sheep than with lambs. Key words: Sheep, esophageal fistulae, sham feeding, techniques
STABLE ISOTOPE CARBON CONTENT OF VARIOUS TISSUES IN CALVES
Authors: PELLETIER G. , TYRRELL H. F. , CHEVALIER R. , HILLAIRE-MARCEL C. , GAGNON M.
Published: March 2010

There are major isotopic fractionation steps involved in the fixation of atmospheric CO2 to form plant tissues. The objective of the present work was to determine if such fractionation occurs in metabolic animal processes. 13C/12C ratios were measured in various tissues. CO2 expired was enriched, duodenal mucosa was similar and other tissues were depleted in 13C compared to diet composition. Key words: Carbon 13, tissue composition, calf
FACTORS AFFECTING RESISTANCE OF MONENSIN-RESISTANT AND SENSITIVE STRAINS OF Bacteroides ruminicola
Authors: DAWSON K. A. , BOLING J. A.
Published: March 2010

Monensin-resistant strains of the rumen bacterium, Bacteroides ruminicola, were selected by stepwise adaptation to media containing 10 μg of monensin/mL. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of monensin and lasalocid were from 16 to 64 times greater in resistant strains and were greatly influenced by potassium concentrations in the medium. Key words: Monensin, lasalocid, rumen bacteria, potassium
THE FEED ANTIBIOTIC AVOPARCIN AND NET UPTAKE OF AMINO ACIDS FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE OF SHEEP
Authors: MacGREGOR R. C. , ARMSTRONG D. G.
Published: March 2010

Net uptake of amino acids from the ovine small intestine appeared to be more efficient in the presence of avoparcin, whether infused directly at the proximal duodenum or infused into the rumen. Key words: Sheep, small intestine, avoparcin, amino acids
METHOD AND VALIDATION OF INTRAGASTRIC NUTRITION
Authors: ØRSKOV E. R. , MacLEOD N. A. , KAY R. N. B. , GREGORY P. C.
Published: March 2010

Full control of ruminant nutrition can be achieved by infusion of liquid diets into the stomach. Surgical procedures, animal management, validation of the method and the normality of gut motility are described. Key words: Intragastric nutrition, surgery, gut motility, validation
A COMPARISON OF THE UREOLYTIC AND PROTEOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF RUMEN BACTERIA FROM LAMBS FED CONVENTIONALLY AND BY INTRAGASTRIC INFUSION
Authors: WALLACE R. J.
Published: March 2010

Rumen urease and protease activities of conventionally-fed sheep and of lambs fed totally by intragastric infusion were compared. The proteolytic activities were of different types, but the properties of the ureases indicated that the urease activity of infused lambs is very similar to the basal activity of the normal rumen. Key words: Infusion, rumen bacteria, urease, protease
BASAL AND FASTING N LOSSES, AND ENDOGENOUS FLOW OF NITROGEN OF RUMINANTS NOURISHED BY INTRAGASTRIC INFUSION
Authors: HOVELL F. D. DeB. , ASPLUND J. M. , ØRSKOV E. R. , VERA J. KU , MACLEOD N. A.
Published: March 2010

Basal N losses of cows, steers and sheep given a VFA infusion of 450 kJ/kg0.75∙day−1 were 286, 324 and 361 (urine) and 12, 21 and 25 (feces) mg/kg W0.75∙day−1, respectively. Rumen and abomasal flows of non-ammonia N were 70 and 130 mg/kg W0.75∙day−1 (cattle) and 140 mg/kg W0.75∙day−1 (rumen, sheep). Key words: Ruminants, basal N, fasting N, endogenous N
NUCLEIC ACID DIGESTION AND URINARY PURINE METABOLITES IN SHEEP NOURISHED BY INTRAGASTRIC INFUSIONS
Authors: GIESECKE D. , STANGASSINGER M. , TIEMEYER W.
Published: March 2010

In sheep with washed-out rumen and nourished only by intragastric infusions of nutrients, the renal excretion of purine metabolites of endogenous origin as well as close correlations between abomasal RNA dosage and excretion rates of allantoin, hypoxanthine and guanine were established; a promising measure for rumen microbial growth. Key words: Sheep, infused RNA, rumen, purine metabolites
EFFECTS OF DIETARY MEDIUM-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS ON 3-HYDROXY-BUTYRATE AND GLUCOSE ENTRY IN SHEEP
Authors: STANGASSINGER M. , CHURCH E. , MILLER W. , GIESECKE D.
Published: March 2010

In sheep sustained entirely by intragastric infusions, isoenergetic amounts of dietary butyrate or octanoate gave identical 3-HB entry rates without any change in glucose synthesis whereas with heptanoate, these rates are 50% lower and 20% higher, respectively. A glucogenic effect of odd carbon medium-chain fatty acids is suggested. Key words: Sheep, nutrient-infusion, medium-chain fatty acids, metabolism
THE EVOLUTION OF MICROFLORA, MICROFAUNA AND DIGESTION IN THE RUMEN OF LAMBS FROM BIRTH TO 4 MONTHS
Authors: GOUET Ph. , JOUANY J. P. , SENAUD J. , GRAIN J. , FONTY G.
Published: March 2010

In the rumen of lambs, strict anaerobic bacteria dominate as early as 2 days of age. Cellulolytic bacteria appear around the fourth day. Protozoa become established later (2 wk) and their populations have stabilized by 4 mo. Rumen ammonia levels are characteristically high during the first month. Key words: Microflora, protozoa, digestion, rumen, lamb
LACTATE METABOLISM IN THE RUMEN OF SILAGE-FED SHEEP
Authors: GILL M. , SIDDONS R. C. , BEEVER D. E. , ROWE J. B.
Published: March 2010

Isotope kinetic studies in silage-fed sheep showed that while acetate was the major end-product of lactate metabolism, the molar proportion of propionate produced from lactate was higher than from other fermentable components of the silage. Lactate did not contribute directly to glucose synthesis but did via propionate. Key words: Sheep, lactate, silage
PARTITIONING OF METHANE PRODUCTION BETWEEN RUMINAL AND HINDGUT FERMENTATION SITES IN SHEEP
Authors: HOFMEYR H. S. , SLABBERT N. , PIENAAR J. P.
Published: March 2010

A method is described to determine hindgut CH4 production of sheep in an open circuit respiration apparatus by removing the contents of the reticulorumen through a large ruminal cannula. Preliminary results on two sheep fed lucerne (L) or a corn leaf sheath (CLS) diet demonstrated that measurement periods of one hour are suitable for this purpose. Key words: Sheep, methane production, hindgut
TANNINS AND DIGESTIBILITY IN GREATER KUDU
Authors: HOVEN W. VAN
Published: March 2010

Natural mortalities of kudu due to malnutrition on game ranches in South Africa has been reported. Tannins inhibiting digestion could be the cause. IVDMD was tested in 40 browse plants and related to tannin content. Tests with various concentrations of tannic acid and condensed tannin show a decline in IVDMD with increases of the phenols. Key words: Kudu, digestibility, mortality, tannins
EFFECTS OF HIGH-STARCH DIETS ON RUMINAL EFFICIENCY AND WOOL GROWTH
Authors: HYND P. I. , ALLDEN W. G.
Published: March 2010

Sheep consuming similar amounts of a high-barley diet exhibited wide differences in rumen fermentation patterns and in the quantity of protein-nitrogen available for intestinal digestion. Wool growth varied in direct proportion to the postruminal protein supply. Key words: Sheep, concentrates, protein flow, wool growth
EFFECT OF ANTIGENIC SOYABEAN PROTEIN ON THE PHYSIOLOGY AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE GUT IN THE PRERUMINANT CALF
Authors: PEDERSEN H. E. , SISSONS J. W.
Published: March 2010

In calves fed heated soyabean flour, abnormal digesta movement and impaired nutrient absorption were related to morphological disturbances in villi structure. Dietary soyabean antigens were detectable in several regions of the small intestine. It is concluded that calves suffer from an allergic reaction to immunologically active soyabean proteins. Key words: Calves, soyabean antigens, gut morphology
SHORT CHAIN FATTY ACIDS AS THE LUMINAL TROPHIC FACTOR
Authors: SAKATA T.
Published: March 2010

Trophic effect of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) was studied in ileostomized rats using a metaphase arrest technique. SCFA (acetate 100, propionate 20, butyrate 60 (mM), 2 mL/day) injected into the terminal ileum for 14 days increased the cryptal cell production rate of the small and large intestine by 52–99%. Key words: Fatty acid, rat, ileum, cell division, trophic effect
THE INFLUENCE OF PROTEIN LEVEL ON THE NITROGEN ABSORPTION IN THE GASTRO-INTESTINAL TRACT OF DAIRY COWS FED GRASS SILAGE FERTILIZED WITH TWO LEVELS OF NITROGEN
Authors: MØLLER P. D. , KRISTENSEN V. FRIIS , ANDERSEN P. E.
Published: March 2010

Increased recycling of nitrogen to the forestomachs on low nitrogen rations was found. On high CP rations the AAN at duodenum was greater than or equal to the N intake. Apparently absorbed TN in the small intestine was increased on the SBM supplemented ration. No significant difference was found for absorbed AAN fractions. Key words: Nitrogen, cattle, metabolism, gastro-intestinal tract
INTESTINAL DIGESTION OF PROTEIN IN DAIRY COWS
Authors: HVELPLUND T.
Published: March 2010

Apparent digestibility of AA-N in the small intestine of dairy cows fed eight different diets varied between 0.61 and 0.75. As level of intake was increased a significant decrease in digestibility of AA-N was observed. Treating soyabean meal and cotton seed cakes with 0.5% formaldehyde reduced digestibility significantly. Key words: Cattle, intestinal digestibility, nitrogen, amino acids
INFLUENCE OF CORN GRAIN ON AMINO ACIDS SUPPLIED TO AND ABSORBED FROM THE SMALL INTESTINE
Authors: KOMAREK R. J. , JANDZINSKI R. A.
Published: March 2010

Increasing corn grain from 40 to 60% of the diet (as fed) of steers increased the essential amino acids supplied to the small intestine by 30% and the absorption by 59%. Increasing corn from 60 to 80% did not change the supplies but increased the digestibility of protein entering the duodenum. Key words: Cattle, small intestine, amino acids, passage, absorption
COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL STUDIES IMPLY ADAPTIVE VARIATIONS OF RUMINANT DIGESTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
Authors: HOFMANN R. R.
Published: March 2010

Anatomical studies of 51 ruminant species show adaptive variations in all digestive system portions related to food quality. Morphophysiological variations have an evolutionary base, involve seasonal changes and require differentiated physiological methods. Key words: Comparative anatomy, morphophysiological adaptation
COMPARATIVE THERMOREGULATORY BEHAVIOR OF IMPALA (Aepyceros melampus) AND BLESBOK (Damaliscus dorcas)
Authors: KLEIN D. R. , FAIRALL N.
Published: March 2010

The impala exhibits a narrow temperature tolerance, remains active but seeks shade and rests while standing during high ambient temperatures. The blesbok basks to gain body heat, reduces activity by lying during high ambient temperatures and has a lower rate of body water turnover than the impala. Key words: Blesbok, impala, thermoregulation, daily activity, behavior
INFLUENCE OF READILY-AVAILABLE CARBOHYDRATES ON MAGNESIUM ABSORPTION IN RUMINANTS
Authors: GIDUCK S. A. , FONTENOT J. P.
Published: March 2010

Supplementing orchardgrass (Dactylus glomerata L.) hay with glucose, sucrose, lactose or starch increased apparent magnesium absorption in sheep. In subsequent experiments ruminai infusion of a glucose solution increased apparent magnesium absorption, but infusing hydrochloric acid (HCl) or a mixture of buffered or unbuffered propionate and butyrate in solution did not affect absorption. Key words: Carbohydrate, hypomagnesemic tetany, magnesium absorption, sheep.
EFFECT OF DIGESTIBLE CARBOHYDRATES ON THE APPARENT ABSORPTION OF MAGNESIUM BY WETHER LAMBS
Authors: THOMPSON J. K. , GELMAN A. L. , JESSIMAN C. S.
Published: March 2010

The apparent absorption of magnesium was found to increase with increasing intakes of digestible organic matter in young wether lambs fed on a variety of forage diets. The addition of corn starch to either grass or grass silage diets did not, however, give a consistent increase in magnesium absorption. Key words: Sheep, Magnesium, energy
EFFECTS OF PHOSPHORUS DEFICIENCY ON FOOD INTAKE, GROWTH AND ABSORPTION OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS BY LAMBS
Authors: TERNOUTH J. H. , SEVILLA C. C.
Published: March 2010

Lambs offered low phosphorus diets had lower food intakes and liveweight gains than those offered adequate phosphorus. When diet intake was restricted but phosphorus was adequate, bone mineralization was greater but the liveweight gain was similar to the lambs offered inadequate phosphorus diets ad libitum. Key words: Phosphorus deficiency, intake, absorption, endogenous losses
EFFECT OF CALCITONIN ON BILIARY AND SALIVARY EXCRETION OF CALCIUM AND PHOSPHORUS IN SHEEP
Authors: MATSUI T. , YANO H. , KAWASHIMA R.
Published: March 2010

Calcitonin infusion stumulated Ca and inorganic phosphorus (Pi) excretion via bile and Pi excretion via saliva in thyroidectomized sheep. Salivary Pi excretion was about 20-fold more than Pi excretion via urine. Hypophosphatemia induced by calcitonin was largely due to the increment of salivary Pi excretion. Key words: Calcitonin, saliva, bile, calcium, phosphorus, sheep
DEFINITION OF AN OBJECTIVE CRITERION OF BODY PHOSPHORUS RESERVES IN CATTLE AND ITS EVALUATION IN VIVO
Authors: LITTLE D. A.
Published: March 2010

Phosphorus concentration in total fresh ribs is a sensitive criterion of the body phosphorus reserves. It may be estimated from: (a) measurement, on a biopsy sample of the 12th rib, of thicknesses of compact bone and osteoid tissue on the endosteal surface, or (b) the ratio of cortical bone area: total area, calculated from midshaft dimensions of the metacarpal or metatarsal. Key words: Cattle, phosphorus reserves, status, bone
CURING OR PREVENTING DEFICIENCIES IN COPPER, COBALT AND SELENIUM IN CATTLE AND SHEEP USING TRACERGLASS
Authors: TELFER S. B. , CARLOS G. , ZERVAS G.
Published: March 2010

Copper, cobalt and selenium were made available to sheep and cattle as the Tracerglass dissolves within the reticulum. The level of release was able to prevent and cure deficiencies of copper, cobalt and selenium as judged by the blood parameters of these elements. Key words: Ruminants, trace-element deficiencies, cure, soluble-glass
IN VIVO ESTIMATION OF BODY LIPID MOBILIZATION AND RECONSTITUTION IN DAIRY CATTLE
Authors: CHILLIARD Y. , REMOND B. , ROBELIN J.
Published: March 2010

Energy balance, FFA concentration, adipocyte size, estimated empty body weight, body condition score were in agreement with D2O dilution space as predictive methods of lipid mobilization or deposition in dairy cows. Lipids mobilized during weeks 1–8 of lactation were 15–40 kg according to milk production and feeding level Key words: Dairy cow, body lipid variations, in vivo estimation of
REGULATORY ASPECTS OF LIPOGENESIS AND LIPOLYSIS IN ISOLATED ADIPOCYTES FROM THE SVALBARD REINDEER
Authors: LARSEN T. S. , BLIX A. S.
Published: March 2010

Feed intake of ad lib.-fed captive Svalbard reindeer was maximal in summer and minimal in winter, and was accompanied by marked changes in cell size, lipogenic and lipolytic capacity of isolated adipocytes from these animals. Alterations in lipogenic enzyme activity and in the lipolytic activation system are discussed. Key words: Reindeer, feed intake, adipocytes, lipogenesis, liploysis
THE METABOLISM OF FATTY ACIDS IN UNDERNOURISHED PREGNANT EWES
Authors: WILSON STEPHEN
Published: March 2010

The apparent reesterification of fatty acids released during lipolysis in undernourished pregnant ewes was extensive (397–682 g/day) and could account for up to 35% of maternal glucose production for the synthesis of glycerol-3-phosphate. The percentage of NEFA oxidized ranged from 54 to 65% whilst that of acetate increased from 67 to 98% in the late stages of pregnancy. Key words: Fatty acids, undernourished, pregnant ewes
BIDIRECTIONAL TRANSFER OF SELENIUM ACROSS THE SHEEP PLACENTA IN UTERO
Authors: SHARIFF M. A. , KRISHNAMURTI C. R. , SCHAEFER A. L. , HEINDZE A. M.
Published: March 2010

The transfer of Se across the sheep placenta was studied in utero by injecting Na 75selenite into the ewe or fetus and determining plasma radioactivity simultaneously in maternal and fetal compartments. It has been demonstrated that there is a bidirectional transfer of Se across the sheep placenta in utero. Key words: Selenium kinetics, pregnant ewe, placenta, fetus
PLACENTAL TRANSPORT OF RETINOL IN EWES FED EXCESSIVE INTAKES OF VITAMIN A
Authors: DONOGHUE S. , RICHARDSON D. W. , KRONFELD D. S. , SKLAN D.
Published: March 2010

Excessive dietary vitamin A intake increased plasma retinol transport and clearance in ewes and their fetal lambs. In addition, placental transport of retinol and fetal plasma concentrations of retinol, but not retinyl ester, were greater. Transfer of retinol from mother to fetus was 1.8 times greater. Key words: Vitamin A, retinol, placental transport, fetus
MORPHOGENESIS OF THE RUMINAL MICROVASCULATURE IN BOVINE FETUSES
Authors: AMASAKI H. , DAIGO M.
Published: March 2010

By the aid of corrosion-cast, 15 bovine fetuses were examined by scanning electron microscopy and histological observation. Morphogenesis of ruminal microvasculature was preceded by that of the ruminal epithelial layer. It was suggested that the arrangement of ruminal papillae might be decided by the structure of ruminal microvasculature. Key words: Morphogenesis, rumen, blood vessel, cattle
RUMEN MICROBIAL ADAPTATION TO FIBER DIGESTION IN SVALBARD REINDEER
Authors: MATHIESEN SVEIN DISCH , BLIX ARNOLDUS SCHYTTE , ORPIN COLIN G.
Published: March 2010

The dominant rumen microorganisms of the high-arctic reindeer from Svalbard (77–81°N) were characterized in summer and winter. Their in vitro fiber digesting ability and VFA production have been examined. It was determined that 74% of the bacteria isolated from animals shot in winter could digest fiber, and 30% in summer. Key words: Arctic, protozoa, bacteria, volatile fatty acids
DISTRIBUTION OF ENERGY SOURCE EXPENDITURE IN WARM- AND COLD-EXPOSED SHEEP
Authors: TSUDA TSUNEYUKI , SHOJI YOSHIO , AMBO KAICHI , FUJITA MASANORI , SUNAGAWA KATSUNORI
Published: March 2010

The heat production of sheep exposed to 0 °C increased 2.14 times compared with that at 20 °C. At 0 °C, the percentage of heat derived from oxidation of acetic acid decreased but that of free fatty acids increased remarkably. The substances which comprise 50% of total heat production remained unknown. Key words: Sheep, cold, heat production, energy source
THE SATURABLE NATURE OF HEPATIC LACTATE METABOLISM IN SHEEP
Authors: NAYLOR J. M. , FREEMAN D. E. , RICHARDSON D. , KRONFELD D. S.
Published: March 2010

The hepatic uptake of L-lactate is a saturable process and can be described by Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Saturation is not due to pH effects. The therapeutic usefulness of sodium lactate as an alkalinizing agent will be small in diseases where plasma lactate concentrations are already high. Key words: Sheep, liver, L-lactate, hepatic lactate uptake
STIMULATORY EFFECT OF DL-3-HYDROXYBUTYRATE ON OXYGEN UPTAKE OF PERFUSED OMASAL LEAF
Authors: EMMANUEL B. , LOZEMAN F. J. , MILLIGAN L. P.
Published: March 2010

Oxygen uptake by the perfused omasal leaf was measured in the presence of mixed rumen microbial suspension which was kept anaerobically in the lumen side of a perfusion chamber. The addition of DL-3-hydroxybutyrate at 2, 4 and 8 mM concentrations to the microbial suspension increased oxygen withdrawal by 4.4, 11.1 and 15.5%, respectively. It is proposed that electron transfer through the coupled D(−)-3-hydroxybutyrate-acetoacetate reaction from rumen microorganisms to rumen epithelium yield energy for the latter tissue. Key words: Omasal leaf, oxygen uptake, microbes, DL-3-hydroxybutyrate
TAUX D'UREE DU LAIT, ALLANTOINE URINAIRE, TEMOINS DE LA NUTRITION AZOTEE CHEZ LA CHEVRE EN LACTATION
Authors: BRUN-BELLUT J. , LAURENT F. , VIGNON B.
Published: March 2010

not available
THE METABOLIC FATE OF LEUCINE IN MUSCLE AND ADIPOSE TISSUE OF SHEEP
Authors: WIJAYASINGHE M. S. , THOMPSON J. R. , MILLIGAN L. P.
Published: March 2010

Leucine (0.1 mM) was preferentially incorporated into proteins rather than being oxidized in intact external intercostal muscle fiber bundles from sheep. At higher leucine concentrations, oxidation became more important. Leucine metabolism in muscle was reduced by starvation. Leucine was not a significant precursor of fatty acids in sheep adipose tissue. Key words: Sheep, leucine metabolism, muscle, adipose tissue
PROLINE SUPPLY FOR EFFICIENT NITROGEN UTILIZATION BY LACTATING RUMINANTS
Authors: BRUCKENTAL I. , ALUMOT EUGENIA
Published: March 2010

To prove the sparing action of proline on arginine utilization by the mammary gland, proline was administered to the duodenum of goats in early lactation. As found previously in mid-lactation, arginine uptake by the mammary gland dropped significantly due to proline addition. Cow mammary tissue was cultured in media with increasing concentrations of proline. The radioactivity of proline formed from [U-14C] arginine was measured in hydrolysates of casein synthesized by the gland. Increasing proline concentrations caused a corresponding decrease in proline labelling. The addition of proline, protected against rumen degradation, may save dietary protein in the ration of high-producing dairy cows. Key words: Proline, lactating ruminants
NUTRIENT DEPRIVATION AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN THE PREGNANT EWE, FETUS AND PLACENTA
Authors: SCHAEFER A. L. , KRISHNAMURTI C. R.
Published: March 2010

A continuous infusion of labelled tyrosine into the ewe and fetus was used to determine protein synthetic rates in maternal, fetal and placental tissues in fed and 48 h starved ewes. From the tyrosine content and plateau-specific activity values in the plasma, intracellular free and protein bound pools, protein synthesis was found to be reduced in the fetus and ewe but not in the placenta as a result of maternal starvation. Key words: Protein synthesis, ewe, fetus, placenta
THE NITROGEN CIRCULATION APPLIED TO THE CECUM IN SHEEP
Authors: VÁRADY J. , FEJEŠ J. , BOĎA K.
Published: March 2010

In the processes of endogenous nitrogen utilization, besides rumenohepatic circulation, enterohepatic recirculation has a quantitatively and qualitatively important role. Using intracecal administration of 15N urea, it was established that urea entering the cecal contents was largely involved in metabolic circulation (80%) and in proteosynthesis in forestomachs. The appearance of 15N in rumen and duodenum proteins seems to be evidence of this. Key words: Sheep, 15N, urea recirculation, feces, urine
INSULIN AND GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN SHEEP FED DRIED GRASS OR GROUND MAIZE-BASED DIETS
Authors: JANES A. N. , WEEKES T. E. C. , ARMSTRONG D. G.
Published: March 2010

Feeding a maize-based compared with a dried grass diet increased rates of glucose utilization in sheep, with no effect on the basal plasma insulin concentration or on the sensitivity or responsiveness to insulin. The increased utilization of glucose appeared to be non-insulin-mediated. Key words: Insulin, glucose, sheep, dietary starch
PLASMA GLUCOSE CLEARANCE AND INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN WETHERS FED A LOW MAGNESIUM AND/OR HIGH POTASSIUM DIET
Authors: TERASHIMA Y. , ITOH Y. , ITOH H.
Published: March 2010

Plasma glucose clearance rates were lower (P < 0.10) in wethers fed the high potassium (0.32% Mg-4.90% K) diet compared with those of the control (0.32% Mg-0.75% K). Insulin responses to glucose infusion and feeding tended to be reduced in wethers fed the high potassium diet as compared to the control. Key words: Sheep, high potassium diet, glucose utilization, insulin
GLUCOCORTICOID STATUS AND GROWTH MANIPULATION IN SHEEP
Authors: SHARPE P. M. , BUTTERY P. J. , HAYNES N. B.
Published: March 2010

Concentrations of plasma total and plasma free cortisol and the extent of bonding of cortisol in the cytosol of skeletal muscle in sheep implanted with trenbolone, zeranol or receiving a restricted dietary intake were studied. No correlation between glucocorticoid status and growth was observed, although cytosolic binding was reduced with trenbolone treatment. Key words: Cortisol, muscle receptors, sheep, anabolics, growth