bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ancient Port Structures
Authors: De Graauw Arthur
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to compare ancient and modern port structures hoping that the modern can help us in a better understanding of the ancient, with special focus on breakwaters and quay walls. The oldest known port structures are briefly presented. Vertical breakwaters and quays, large concrete blocks, pilae and arched breakwaters, piling walls, cofferdams, rubble mound breakwaters and river training walls are described in the ancient and in the modern world. A few geomorphological aspects of coastal harbours are also reviewed.It is concluded that most natural shelters were used in Roman times, but some major ports have been built in places without any natural shelter, for strategic or economic reasons. Most of today’s concepts for maritime structures were already existing in Roman times and it seems that little progress was made until the 18th c. when large maritime structures started to be built again. The combination of concrete and steel enables modern engineers to build higher, deeper and larger than Roman engineers could dream of, but some modern structures may not last as long as some Roman structures, especially in salt water …
La vulnérabilité de l’île de Jerba (Tunisie) aux risques littoraux : approche cartographique
Authors: Akacha Zahra
Published: September 2022

Les côtes basses sont connues pour leur grande vulnérabilité à l’élévation récente du niveau marin et les risques associés. Cette vulnérabilité est souvent accentuée par des enjeux socio- économiques. L’île de Jerba, appartenant à la façade orientale de la Tunisie, fait partie de telles côtes. Trois principaux risques la menacent : l’érosion marine, la submersion marine et la salinisation des terres. La vulnérabilité de l’île à de tels risques a déjà fait l’objet de nombreuses études (APAL, 2012 ; Oueslati et al., 2015 ; Oueslati, 2018). Mais les travaux ont porté surtout sur les côtes sableuses de la façade orientale et ont souvent été ponctuels dans le temps et dans l’espace et se sont intéressés avant tout à la question de l’érosion marine. Ce travail est une tentative de cartographie et d’analyse des risques menaçant l’île dans une conjoncture d’élévation du niveau marin en mettant en exergue la fragilité du cadre naturel. Il aboutit, en s’appuyant sur la méthode multicritères et des observations directes du terrain, à une carte de synthèse de la vulnérabilité de l’ensemble des rivages de l’île.
Geoarchaeology of the Roman harbour of Ierapetra (SE Crete, Greece)
Authors: Mourtzas Nikos , Kolaiti Eleni
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we reconstruct the palaeogeographical evolution of the ancient seafront of Roman Ierapetra, using historical evidence, maps and new bathymetric data. Modern human interventions in the coastal zone have significantly altered the primary data necessary for determining past sea levels. During Roman times, when the sea level was 1.30 m lower than it is at present, major technical interventions were needed in order to form a safe harbour on the coast of Ierapetra, which was exposed to southerly waves. It was then that an elongated eastern breakwater was constructed that bounded the basin of the outer harbour to the east. The inner and outer beachrock reefs were the southern and northern boundaries of the basin, respectively. The western breakwater was constructed by using the outer beachrock reef and a small islet aligned with it. The inner basin was formed by extending the western breakwater further to the west and joining it to the coast.
“Kefāf-ı nefsler için”: Oenophilic friars negotiating alcohol rights in eighteenth-century Galata
Authors: de Obaldia Vanessa
Published: September 2022

This study examines the means by which individual Latin Catholic religious orders overcame alcohol-related restrictions through a case study of the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin in Galata, while situating it within the wider socio-political framework of contemporary Ottoman policies and popular reactions to alcohol production and use in Galata. A series of Ottoman documents from the mid-eighteenth to the early nineteenth centuries will be analysed in relation to the types of issues raised, local Ottoman and foreign Catholic actors and bureaucratic processes. These documents reveal that petitions were presented by the friars to the Ottoman state for issues relating to the purchase and import into Galata of raw materials for the productions of wine as well as tax exemptions. Furthermore, these documents are important sources for Ottoman palaeography and diplomatics because they contain Ottoman administrative and bureaucratic language used when addressing non-Muslim- related subjects.
A Drinking Problem: French Psychiatric Fears about the Increase in Muslim Alcoholics in Colonial Algeria
Authors: Studer Nina Salouâ
Published: September 2022

Until the establishment of psychiatric institutions in the colonial Maghreb in the 1930s, the consensus of most colonial French psychiatrists was that alcoholism had previously been unknown amongst Muslim North Africans, but that it was quickly becoming a medical, social and economic problem. They voiced fears of an explosion in numbers of psychiatric patients due to this increase in alcoholism and a corresponding increase in crimes committed by intoxicated Muslim men. These psychiatrists also described alcoholism as a serious problem among male and female French settlers in Algeria, while suggesting that most Muslim women did not consume any alcohol, even though they regularly commented on the excessive alcohol consumption of certain marginalised Muslim women they encountered. These accounts strongly pathologised and criminalised alcohol-drinking Muslims, framing them as being just one glass away from ending up in a prison or psychiatric hospital.
Drinking as a Particular Socio-Spatial Practice in the New Capital of the Turkish Republic
Authors: Çelik Fatma Eda
Published: September 2022

تناولُ الكحول ممارسةٌ تتشكل أساسًا من خلال "التجربة المعيشة": ففعل الشُّرب في الإمبراطورية العثمانية هو تاريخٌ متعدّد المستويات، وقد كان عرضةً لتغييرات معتبرة إبّان القرنين التاسع عشر والعشرين، بما كان له أثرٌ على مجمل المسلمين. أصبحت إسطنبول، عاصمة الإمبراطورية العثمانية، الأنموذجَ الأصليّ لهذا التغيير، بيد أن حالة مدينة أنقرة تستحق دراسةً أعمق، فهي تمثل الإطارَ الأكثر بديهية لتجلي تحوّلٍ بعيدِ الغور للممارسات الاستهلاكية لمدينة أناضولية، هو الشاهدُ على فترة انتقال نحو عاصمة الجمهورية التركية الجديدة. وتسمح هذه الدراسة بإعادة النظر في المُثل العليا للإمبراطورية السالفة-الجمهورية الحديثة، المركز-الأطراف، العلماني-المحافظ، البيروقراطية-المجتمع، وفي لحظةِ التغيير، على ضوء الممارسات السيوسيو-مكانية لمحلات شرب الكحول. وتبيّن تجاربُ المكان، "المُدركَة" منها و"المتصوَّرَة" و"المعيشَة"، أن الممارسات الاستهلاكية، وبما يتعدى حدودَ هذه الأنماط، تطوّرت في أنقرة بمرّ الزمن بتأثير من القرارات السياسية والبيروقراطية والنمو الاقتصادي والأعيان المحليين والتقلّبات الاجتماعية وتكوّن الطبقات الديناميكي.
L’alcool entre déculturation religieuse et héritage soufi chez les musulmans albanais à l’époque postsocialiste
Authors: Bria Gianfranco
Published: September 2022

استهلاكُ الكحول في ألبانيا ممارسةٌ تسِم مستوياتٍ مختلفةً من التآنس الاجتماعي وأشكال التوادد، بينما قد تكون للكحول لدى الطرق الصوفية كالبكتاشية دلالاتٌ ضمنية طقسيةٌ بل وشعائريةٌ أيضًا، وقد يرتبط بأشكال مقنّنة من التآنس الاجتماعي. بيد أن نصفَ قرن من سياسات مناهضة الدين الاشتراكية وكذا سيرورةُ إعادة الأسلمة في العهد ما بعد الاشتراكي قد غيرا الأهمية الرمزية والمعيارية لاستهلاك الكحول، فأنتجا سلسلة سرديات وسرديات مضادّةٍ عن شرعيته، تختلط فيها خطاباتٌ حول الانتماء الإسلامي العالمي والهويّة الإثنية والتقليد الديني المحلي. وتمثّل النقاشات عن الكحول موضوعَ دراسة بغرض تحليل تطوّر السلوكيات والمعايير الدينية لدى المسلمين الألبان الذين قد يبقون موجَّهين – حتى وهم يتّخذون موقفًا نقديًا مُفرَّدًا – بالخطابات التي تنتجها السلطات المحلية وكذا بعملية مجانسة بل وانبتات القيم والقواعد داخل الأمة العالمية.
Arène de l’orpaillage : acteurs et enjeux des centrales d’achat d’or de Kadiolo, au Mali
Authors: Traoré N’gna
Published: September 2022

Depuis plus d’une décennie, les gisements aurifères de Kadiolo dans la région de Sikasso attirent de nombreux orpailleurs locaux et migrants de nationalités diverses. Dans ce contexte de flux humain et de pression sur les ressources émerge l’idée des centrales d’achat d’or comme modèle de gestion approprié pour faire profiter l’exploitation de l’or aux communautés locales et compenser ses effets environnementaux. Cet article s’appuie sur des données ethnographiques afin d’analyser, selon une perspective mixte par le bas et par le haut, les enjeux et les confrontations entre acteurs autour des centrales d’achat. Il montre comment les centrales d’achat reposent sur la patrimonialité et la politique de l’appartenance et font de l’orpaillage une arène minière et un tremplin électoral.
The Development World: Conflicts of Interest at All Levels
Authors: Ridde Valéry , de Sardan Jean-Pierre Olivier
Published: September 2022

We analyze the multitude of conflicts of interest to which all actors in the development chain are subject. Our aim is to reflect on how the findings of research and evaluations conducted on development interventions of all kinds can be biased as a result. This analysis rests on an inclusive definition of conflict of interest, which exists whenever an actor’s public stance is constrained by interests that put pressure on him or her to either express statements that contradict his or her own perceptions or knowledge, or to withhold criticism that he or she would otherwise be prepared to express. We illustrate the analysis with many cases based on our long experience in the field. Identifying problems encountered by a development intervention must be understood as a key step in formulating solutions adapted to local contexts.
Les conditions disputées d’un approvisionnement « responsable » en or
Authors: Bolay Matthieu , Schulz Yvan
Published: September 2022

Cet article analyse les conditions de responsabilité de la chaîne d’approvisionnement de l’or importé et affiné en Suisse. Partant du paradoxe que constitue le rôle de garant joué par un secteur qui procède dans le même temps à effacer les traces du passé potentiellement litigieux de l’or, il examine les luttes et les enjeux juridiques au travers desquels les revendications d’approvisionnement responsable sont établies. Il détaille les modalités plurielles de responsabilité mises en œuvre par le devoir de vigilance, la traçabilité et la transparence. L’article suggère que le statut ambigu de l’or comme actif monétaire et comme marchandise neutralise les liens de propriété et de provenance pourtant centraux à l’identification, à l’imputabilité et à la vérification des responsabilités.
Ontologies de la terre et activités extractives
Authors: Landgraf Luciana
Published: September 2022

Les concessions minières et le garimpo illégal affectent aujourd’hui plus de 31 % des terres indigènes au Brésil. La Terre Indigène Yanomami (TIY) est la plus sinistrée. En 2020, on estimait à plus de 20 000 le nombre d’orpailleurs clandestins. Cet article propose, en amont des classiques discussions portant sur la chaîne de production de l’or ou ses dynamiques de commercialisation, de mener un débat sur la T/terre. Partant de la perspective des ontologies politiques, cet article explore ce qu’est la T/terre pour les différents acteurs impliqués. Cet exercice permettra de mettre en avant de manière originale l’incompatibilité entre États d’économie extractive et les droits indigènes. Il fournira aussi des outils pour repenser certains présupposés guidant l’action de l’État moderne vis-à-vis des terres sur lesquelles or et peuples autochtones cohabitent.
Observations sur les inscriptions baptismales du Proche-Orient proto-byzantin : terminologie, théologie et liturgie
Authors: Alpi Frédéric
Published: September 2022

Les inscriptions qui ornent les salles des fonts baptismaux désignent parfois par un nom particulier le local où est conféré le sacrement du baptême, aux ve-viie s. Un examen terminologique peut permettre, au regard du contexte archéologique des documents disponibles, de préciser la portée liturgique, sacramentaire ou institutionnelle des trois termes grecs employés dans les provinces du Proche-Orient proto-byzantin : diakonikon (διακονίκον), baptistèrion (βαπτιστήριον) ou phôtistèrion (φωτιστήριον). Nettement le plus fréquent dans la région, ce dernier vocable semble mieux répondre à la théologie biblique qui s’affirme alors, comme au souci de désigner le parcours complet de l’initiation chrétienne.
Baptistères d’Orient (patriarcats d’Antioche et de Jérusalem, Église autocéphale de Chypre)
Authors: Sodini Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2022

Cet article présente les principaux sites d’initiation chrétienne mis au jour et étudiés par les archéologues dans le ressort des deux patriarcats orientaux d’Antioche et de Jérusalem. Entre les ive et viie siècles, la constante évolution du cadre architectural où le sacrement du baptême était conféré peut éclairer la signification des rites qui étaient pratiqués, dans les villes et dans les villages. Les grands sites de pèlerinages et l’influence possible d’usages chypriotes apportent des éléments complémentaires, propres à nuancer ou compléter ce panorama.
L’initiation chrétienne : témoignage de l’Église primitive
Authors: Edelby Nagi
Published: September 2022

L’initiation chrétienne, visant à préparer le candidat à entrer dans le christianisme, était, depuis la plus haute Antiquité une étape incontournable. Cette pratique a naturellement évolué, selon un processus plus ou moins complexe, dépendant de la diversité des usages communautaires, jusqu’à atteindre l’essentiel de sa forme définitive aux ive et au ve siècles. Trois étapes jalonnent cette initiation : la phase préparatoire, caractérisée par une catéchèse baptismale, accompagnée par une mise à l’épreuve du catéchumène ; la célébration elle-même qui, dans l’Antiquité, était liée à la fête de Pâques ; la période post-baptismale, où le baptisé devait s’engager dans la vie de l’Église, sans toutefois écarter la continuité de sa formation. Cet article voudrait reprendre ce parcours de l’initié, depuis la première conversion jusqu’au baptême, en essayant de retracer les grandes lignes du contenu de l’instruction chrétienne.
L’iconographie du baptême sur les mosaïques des églises d’Apamène aux ve et vie siècles
Authors: Abdallah Komait
Published: September 2022

Plusieurs mosaïques des églises de Syrie du Nord, remontant au ve et au vie s., comportent des scènes paradisiaques. Celles-ci sont disposées dans la nef centrale, des annexes ou des baptistères. Certains décors sont inspirés d’épisodes de l’Ancien Testament, comme Adam donnant leurs noms aux animaux ou Adam et Ève au Paradis terrestre. D’autres font référence au Nouveau Testament, ainsi les représentations de la Jérusalem céleste. Il existe aussi des images allégoriques du Paradis, constituées de motifs mentionnés dans le Nouveau Testament ou par les Pères de l’Église, comme les deux cerfs ou agneaux affrontés de part et d’autre d’un vase ou les deux agneaux ou poissons affrontés de part et d'autre d’un arbre fruitier. Toutes ces images évoquent probablement la doctrine du baptême et de la résurrection. Il se peut donc que leur diffusion sur les mosaïques des sanctuaires de Syrie du Nord à la période byzantine soit liée à l’importance que revêtait cette théologie pour les chrétiens de la région, à l’unisson des écrits des Pères de l’Église.
Le baptême du Christ sur l’icône bilatérale de Kaftoun et son rapport avec la Vierge Hodigitria
Authors: Hélou Nada
Published: September 2022

L’icône de Kaftoun (milieu-troisième quart du xiiie siècle) est un panneau biface avec la représentation de la Vierge Hodigitria (Conductrice) sur un côté et le baptême du Christ sur l’autre. La scène de baptême met l’accent sur la nature divine de Jésus annoncée et préfigurée par les prophètes de l’Ancien Testament représentés dans les angles supérieurs du panneau. L’icône avec ses deux faces, la Vierge Hodigitria soulignant la nature humaine de Jésus, et son baptême insistant sur sa nature divine, affirme l’union hypostatique des deux natures de Jésus. Certains textes anciens associent le rite du baptême à des rivières et autres sources d’eau, où la sanctification pouvait avoir lieu. C’est pourquoi le lien de l’icône de Kaftoun avec le rituel du baptême le jour de l’épiphanie est plausible, d’autant que le monastère se situe au bord du fleuve Nahr el-Jaouz. Le panneau était porté de telle sorte que la face avec l’image de la Vierge, à qui était dédié le monastère, était dirigée vers l’avant alors que l’image du baptême était face aux fidèles. Tout ceci témoigne de la fonction liturgique de l’icône.
Continuous Attention Mechanism Embedded (CAME) Bi-Directional Long Short-Term Memory Model for Fake News Detection
Authors: Choudhary Anshika , Arora Anuja
Published: September 2022

The credible analysis of news on social media due to the fact of spreading unnecessary restlessness and reluctance in the community is a need. Numerous individual or social media marketing entities radiate inauthentic news through online social media. Henceforth, delineating these activities on social media and the apparent identification of delusive content is a challenging task. This work projected a continuous attention-driven memory-based deep learning model to predict the credibility of an article. To exhibit the importance of continuous attention, research work is presented in accretive exaggeration mode. Initially, long short-term memory (LSTM)-based deep learning model has been applied, which is extended by merging the concept of bidirectional LSTM for fake news identification. This research work proposed a continuous attention mechanism embedded (CAME)-bidirectional LSTM model for predicting the nature of news. Result shows the proposed CAME model outperforms the performance as compared to LSTM and the bidirectional LSTM model.
Address Cybersecurity Risks Due to COVID-19 in Small Business Environments
Authors: Lourenço Justino , Almeida Fernando
Published: September 2022

COVID-19 affects people and companies. They are experiencing dramatic changes in work processes, communication processes, and customer management. This whole new paradigm has brought new challenges to organizations, particularly to small and medium enterprises, which have limited budgets and resources to ensure their technological infrastructure. This study aims to explore how these companies have adapted to the challenges posed by COVID-19 in their compliance practices with general data protection regulation (GDPR), auditing, and forensic security analysis. Furthermore, this study analyzes the risks that have been amplified in this period and identifies new vulnerabilities that have arisen from increased dependence on information technology in a period when most organizations have their employees in teleworking.
The Mediating Role of Consumption-Oriented SNS Usage on Fear of Missing Out and Social Comparison
Authors: Bobby Rexy Ros , K. A. Zakkariya , Mohan Neethu
Published: September 2022

The purpose of the paper is to examine the influence of the mediating role of consumption-oriented social networking site (SNS) usage on fear of missing out (FOMO) and social comparison. This descriptive study was conducted amongst a sample of 737 SNS users in India. Structural equation modeling was done to test the hypotheses. Analysis revealed that FOMO enhanced consumption-oriented SNS usage and social comparison orientation. Results also showed that consumption-oriented SNS usage partially mediates the relationship between FOMO and social comparison orientation. This study is pioneering in conceptualizing and testing a theoretical model linking fear of missing out, consumption-oriented SNS usage, and social comparison. In the context of social networking sites users between the age group of 18 to 45 years, implications concerning fear of missing out and social comparisons which are triggered in the presence of consumption-oriented SNS usage is elaborated, thus striving to fill the gap within the existing literature.
Distributed Consensus Based and Network Economic Control of Energy Internet Management
Authors: Chen Yee-Ming , Hsieh Chung-Hung
Published: September 2022

Energy internet (EI) was proposed to improve the utilization of multiple energy and meet the growing demand for energy. This paper proposes the distributed consensus control algorithm combined with a multi-agent system (MAS) which is applied to distributed generators in the energy internet. By selecting the incremental cost (IC) of each generation unit as the consensus variable, the algorithm is able to solve the conventional centralized economic dispatch (ED) problem in a distributed scheduling manner. The proposed algorithm is veriðed in the MAS layer and through a simulation model of the EI network in the MATLAB software. Simulation results conclude that incremental cost converges to its optimal value whether load demand is varying or generators plug-and-play. Distributed consensus control algorithm can provide better service for EI, it is immune to topological variations and accommodate desired plug-and-play features, and it enables real-time modeling and simulation of complex power systems.
A Comprehensive Study on Bias in Artificial Intelligence Systems
Authors: Kartal Elif
Published: September 2022

Humans are social beings. Emotions, like their thoughts, play an essential role in decision-making. Today, artificial intelligence (AI) raises expectations for faster, more accurate, more rational, and fairer decisions with technological advancements. As a result, AI systems have often been seen as an ideal decision-making mechanism. But what if these systems decide against you based on gender, race, or other characteristics? Biased or unbiased AI, that's the question! The motivation of this study is to raise awareness among researchers about bias in AI and contribute to the advancement of AI studies and systems. As the primary purpose of this study is to examine bias in the decision-making process of AI systems, this paper focused on (1) bias in humans and AI, (2) the factors that lead to bias in AI systems, (3) current examples of bias in AI systems, and (4) various methods and recommendations to mitigate bias in AI systems.
Considerations of Game Dynamics and Mechanics in College Students' Use of Mobile Games for Learning
Authors: Omarali Pengiran Shaiffadzillah Pengiran
Published: September 2022

Mobile phone ownership has grown exponentially over the years with the development of many forms of mobile applications that replicate, if not replace, existing real-world technologies. The mobile games market follows this trend, usurping the video games console and computer games market with mobile game apps offering multiplayer and networked mobility. Educational mobile games have their own niche, but at the same time many games made for self-entertainment can be re-purposed into teaching and learning, provided the game dynamics and mechanics are sufficiently present for active learning to take place. This paper is an early literature review and preliminary study on identifying students' perception of certain game dynamics and game mechanics so that in turn any decision in introducing mobile game apps into learning is able to measure their relevance and appropriateness to the target student user. The study employed factor analysis to construct a six-factor model that can be used in measuring students' preferences for, and aversions to, specific game dynamics and mechanics.
The SOF Programming Paradigm
Authors: Bossard Antoine
Published: September 2022

Out of the four main programming paradigms, it is widely considered that functional programming is the most promising. The programming languages that implement the functional paradigm generally do so either in a pure manner, such as Haskell, or by providing a multi-paradigm programming solution, such as most Lisp dialects, in order to allow side effects, which are proscribed under the former (pure) model. Nevertheless, tracking the execution steps of such a functional program remains challenging for the programmer. In this paper, the author addresses this issue by proposing a novel programming paradigm that combines the imperative programming approach based on a sequence of instructions with the pure function approach of functional programming, the objective being to retain the advantages of both strategies. This proposal is named “sequence of functions” (SOF), and its applicability and novelty are shown hereinafter throughout various examples and experiments.
Granulocytic sarcoma presenting as presenting as monoparesis: A rare case report
Authors: Gupta Ashok , Chanduka Amit , Sundar I , Jitender Verma , Chopra Sanjeev
Published: September 2022

Granulocytic sarcomas (GSs) or myeloid sarcoma or chloroma are rare, destructive, extramedullary tumor masses that consist of immature granulocytic cells. We present case of a 35-year-old man presenting as monoparesis, diagnosed to have cervical intradural extramedullary mass lesion with an extradural extension. Although the history or physical examination had no symptoms and signs suggestive of leukemia, bone marrow study and blood picture indicated chronic myeloid leukemia. Surgical decompression was done, and histopathological examination was consistent with GS. GSs have been observed in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelogenous leukemia, and other myeloproliferative disorders, but rarely have been reported as first presentation of the disease.
Penetrating Marjolin's ulcer of scalp with intracranial extension: A multidisciplinary experience
Authors: Mishra Sudhansu , Behera Sanjay , Panigrahi Souvagya , Senapati Satya
Published: September 2022

Marjolin's ulcer invading the skull, dura mater, and the brain is quite exceptional. We report such a rare case of massive Marjolin's ulcer arising in the chronic scar tissue of the scalp of an elderly male. The ulcer had invaded the skull, dura mater, and underlying brain tissue. The patient was managed successfully by wide excision and scalp reconstruction. The importance of appropriate and timely wound management of scar ulcers with high malignant potential is highlighted. The role of multidisciplinary approach in the scalp reconstruction is discussed.
Cerebral nocardiosis
Authors: Baldawa Sachin , Nayak Naren , Kukreja Sanjay , D'souza Desma , Diyora Batuk , Sharma Alok
Published: September 2022

Cerebral Nocardiosis is a rare, challenging, opportunistic infectious disease of the central nervous system occurring in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts. It often results in intraparenchymal abscess formation, which represents only 2% of all cerebral abscesses. The diagnosis of cerebral Nocardiosis is seldom based on imaging. Bacteriological diagnosis is often reached only after surgical excision of the abscess. We report a rare case of brain abscess caused by Nocardia species in a 20-year-old immunocompromised lady. Total surgical excision of the abscess, prompt bacteriological diagnosis based on smear and culture of the pus and initiation of specific antimicrobial therapy (trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole) resulted in good clinical outcome.
L'hermitte-Duclos disease in an elderly patient: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Ozeren Ersin , Gurses Levent , Sorar Mehmet , Er Uygur , Önder Evrim , Arikök Ata
Published: September 2022

L'hermitte-Duclos disease (LDD) is an extremely rare cerebellar lesion of uncertain etiology. Occasionally, the patients with LDD may even have sudden neurological deterioration due to acute heniation as seen in the present case report. It is also imperative to distinguish this disease from other malignant lesion of the cerebellum and cerebellar malformations with its varied natural course of history and hence better ability to prognosticate such patients. Herein, we reported a successfully treated case of LDD following a long history of vaguely defined neurological complaints in an elderly patient and reviewed the literature.
Hematometra in pubertal girls
Authors: Amah Christopher C , Obianyo Ijeoma C , Agugua-Obianyo Nene E , Nnaji Henry C , Okezie Obioma A
Published: September 2022

Haematometra in pubertal girls is a late presentation of congenital genital malformations. A diagnosis of the anomaly is preferably made before menarche. This will avoid the psychosocial trauma and other complications at puberty. We draw attention to the two cases we managed, reviewed the literature, discussed the specific pitfalls in our setting and arouse clinical awareness to the problem. two cases of haematometra in pubertal girls are discussed and the literature is reviewed. The first case is a 12-year-old girl who presented with cyclic lower abdominal pain, abdominal mass and no menarche. Following investigations, a diagnosis of cervicovaginal atresia was made. She eventually had hysterectomy done by request. She is awaiting vaginoplasty. The second patient is a 14-year-old girl who presented with primary amenorrhoea, cyclic lower abdominal cramps and abdominal mass. A diagnosis of imperforate hymen was made. The hymen was excised and the vulva (introitus) re-epithelialized. Both patients have been followed up for 4 years and have been symptom free. Our literature review shows that haematometra presenting in pubertal girls is rare and the causes are commonly congenital. It is either due to malformation of the Mullerian duct system, the urogenital system, or the external genitalia. Associated malformation of the urinary system is significant. Haematometra can pose challenges in management especially in a low resource setting. Early diagnosis and multidisciplinary approach are mandatory to proffer adequate treatment and avert psychological, sexual and reproductive health complications.
Tertiary Institutions’ Social Health Insurance Program
Authors: Uguru Nkolika P , Uguru Chibuzo C , Ogu Udochukwu U , Agwu Prince C , Okeke Chinyere C , Onyejaka Nneka , Forchu Ogochukwu , Eze Ngozi
Published: September 2022

Background:

Awareness and knowledge can play key roles in influencing the utilization of health insurance programs in Nigeria.

Objectives:

This study aims to investigate the awareness and use of the Tertiary Institutions/Voluntary Participant Social Health Insurance Program (TISHIP) for undergraduate dental services.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in the Enugu Campus of the University of Nigeria and the study population comprised full-time undergraduate students of the institution with a total sample size of 400.

Results:

Majority (66.7%) of the respondents were aware of the TISHIP, but 37% were aware that it covered dental treatments, and 16.1% had received dental treatment under TISHIP. Fifty point eight percent (50.8%) of the respondents were not registered under the insurance program. The reason respondents had not registered was because majority (49.7%) were not aware of the compulsory registration into the scheme. Respondents agreed that TISHIP would promote equity in healthcare delivery (57.5%), promote improved health facilities (39.4%), and 52.5% were willing to participate in the scheme while 47.9% were undecided on whether TISHIP was worth the financial contribution. Presumed high cost of dental treatment (51.9%) and non-availability of materials for dental treatment at dental facilities (50.8%) were factors that affected the utilization of TISHIP (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Despite the positive effect of TISHIP in cushioning the cost of dental care, utilization is poor, thus there is a need to scale up awareness among the students’ population.
Prevalence, outcomes, and predictors of antepartum hemorrhage due to placenta previa in Nigeria
Authors: Nnagbo Johnpaul E , Eze Matthew I , Ezugworie Joseph O , Ugwu George O , Iloghalu Emeka I , Ezenkwele Eziamaka P , Onwudiwe Elija N , Okoro Onyemaechi S , Ajah Leonard O , Izuka Emmanuel O , Adiri Charles O , Nkwo Peter O , Ugwu Emmanuel O , Iyoke Chukwuemeka A , Ezugwu Euzebus C , Agu Polycarp U
Published: September 2022

Background:

Despite the enormous burden of antepartum hemorrhage (APH) due to placental previa, there are not much recent data on prevalence, outcomes, and predictors of this major obstetric condition in low-resource settings.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study are to determine the prevalence, outcomes, and predictors of APH due to placenta previa in Enugu, South-East Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

It was a retrospective review of pregnant women admitted to the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria, with a diagnosis of APH due to placenta previa from January 1, 2010 to January 31, 2019. Relevant data such as biodata, obstetrics characteristics, and management protocols were extracted from eligible case notes retrieved from the Medical Records Department of the hospital.

Results:

Of the 6001 pregnant women managed, 91 had APH due to placenta previa, giving a prevalence rate of 1.5% (91/6001). In terms of maternal and fetal outcomes, no maternal death or delivery due to fetal distress was recorded. Thirty-seven (40.7%) women had primary postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), 1.1% had obstetric hysterectomy due to PPH, 45.1% had blood transfusion, 51% were delivered due to intractable APH, 98.9% of the babies were delivered alive, 39.6% required admission into newborn special care unit, and 40.7% had babies with low birth weight. The predictors of APH due to placenta previa were low socioeconomic status (P = 0.011, odds ratio [OR] = 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03–0.64), high parity (P = 0.032, OR = 6.61, 95% CI: 1.18–37.02), adopting conservative management (P = 0.004, B = 2.765, OR = 0.06, 95% CI: 0.01–0.40), and unbooked status (P = 0.018, B = 2.724, OR = 15.24, 95% CI: 1.61–144.16).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of PPH in the study population is high and the outcome is favorable. It is predicted by the unbooked status, multiparity, and adopting conservative management. The study findings should guide obstetricians in counseling and managing women with APH due to placenta previa.
Effect of nursing audit and feedback on orthopedic patients’ care outcomes in selected hospitals in southeastern Nigeria
Authors: Anieche John E , Chinweuba Anthonia U , Okonkwo Oluchukwu G , Obidife Ifeoma H , Makata Ngozi E , Eleke Chinemerem
Published: September 2022

Background:

Despite the proven benefits of audit and feedback interventions in record keeping, very few studies have examined its effect on patient outcomes when applied in nursing practice.

Objective:

This study examined the effect of nursing audit and feedback on orthopedic patients’ outcomes in three tertiary hospitals in southeastern Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

A single-group, pretest–posttest design was applied to a convenience sample of 150 orthopedic patients from November 2019 to March 2021. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with SPSS 25.

Results:

At baseline, the majority of the respondents rated their perceived general health (54.7%), physical function (60.7%), role performance due to physical limitations (55.3%), role performance due to emotional limitations (65.3%), vitality (38.0%), mental health (38.0%), and social function (45.3%) as fair, but rated their bodily comfort (44.7%) as poor. At 21 days after audit and feedback, the majority of the respondents rated their perceived general health (40.0%), role performance due to physical limitations (74.7%), mental health (58.0%), and social function (54.6%) as very good; physical function (60.7%) and role performance due to emotional limitation (50.7%) as good, but rated their vitality (44.7%) and bodily comfort (61.4%) as fair. Comparing between baseline and 21 days after audit and feedback revealed a significant improvement in perceived health status in all measured subdomains of health (P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions:

Nursing audit and feedback is a feasible method of evaluating and enhancing patient outcomes. Audit and feedback should be considered by nurse managers for integration into routine clinical procedures.
Random walks on convergence groups
Authors: Azemar Aitor
Published: September 2022

We extend some properties of random walks on hyperbolic groups to random walks on convergence groups. In particular, we prove that if a convergence group

G

acts on a compact metrizable space

M

with the convergence property, then we can provide

G\cup M

with a compact topology such that random walks on

G

converge almost surely to points in

M

. Furthermore, we prove that if

G

is finitely generated and the random walk has finite entropy and finite logarithmic moment with respect to the word metric, then

M

, with the corresponding hitting measure, can be seen as a model for the Poisson boundary of

G

.
Biogenic Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticle Using Padina Pavonica Extract: Application for Photocatalytic Degradation of Congo Red Dye, Neurotoxicity and Antioxidant Activity
Authors: Caf Fatma
Published: September 2022

The current study focused on green synthesis of iron nanoparticles by Padina pavonica (Pa@FeNPs), removal activity of dye CR (Congo Red) and investigating antioxidant and neurotoxicity activities. The morphological and physical properties of Pa@FeNPs were characterized by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XRD (X-Ray Diffractometer), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), EDX (X-Ray Spectroscopy), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscopy) and Zeta potential analyses. XRD and zeta potential analyses revealed a potential of-8.53 mV and formation of cubic crystals with an average dimension of 10.53-20.55 nm. The optimum conditions of pH, temperature, initial dye concentration and adsorbent amount for CR removal were found to be 4, 40°C, 20 ppm and 20 mg respectively. The CR removal percentage using Pa@FeNPs reached a very high efficiency of 95%. Langmuir Isotherm model (R2=0.99, 25°C) were best fitted to our data for evaluating dye adsorption behaviors of the Pa@FeNPs. Metal chelating activity in the aqueous extract of P. pavonica and Pa@FeNPs was found to be 74.71±2.16% and 64.95±0.42%, respectively. Inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) values for P. pavonica aqueous extract and Pa@FeNPs were found to be 0.128 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL, respectively in the SH-SY5Y (Human neuroblastoma).
Single‐bit digital comparator circuit design using quantum‐dot cellular automata nanotechnology
Authors: Sharma Vijay Kumar
Published: September 2022

The large amount of secondary effects in complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology limits its application in the ultra‐nanoscale region. Circuit designers explore a new technology for the ultra‐nanoscale region, which is the quantum‐dot cellular automata (QCA). Low‐energy dissipation, high speed, and area efficiency are the key features of the QCA technology. This research proposes a novel, low‐complexity, QCA‐based one‐bit digital comparator circuit for the ultra‐nanoscale region. The performance of the proposed comparator circuit is presented in detail in this paper and compared with that of existing designs. The proposed QCA structure for the comparator circuit only consists of 19 QCA cells with two clock phases. QCA Designer‐E and QCA Pro tools are applied to estimate the total energy dissipation. The proposed comparator saves 24.00% QCA cells, 25.00% cell area, 37.50% layout cost, and 78.11% energy dissipation compared with the best reported similar design.
Masowa śmiertelność małży w zbiorniku Rusałka
Authors: Pietruczuk Karol , Chmist-Sikorska Joanna
Published: September 2022

The mass mortality of mussels in the Rusałka reservoir

The phenomenon of mass death of mussels in the Rusałka reservoir in Poznań took place in July 2018. As a result of this incident, the Unionidae population has been depleted. The number of dead mussels was counted, which floated around the banks and in the water. A total of approximately 5,500 deaths were found. Due to the scale of the phenomenon, the analysis of water quality was carried out by the Voivodeship Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Poznań. Four samples of water were taken from different depths of the reservoir to perform physico-chemical and biological analyses. Two profiles, oxygen and temperature, were made in the deepest place of the Rusałka reservoir. There was a presence of hydrogen sulphide at the 5-meter depth of the reservoir. Additionally, oxygen concentration decreased strongly with depth to total deoxidation (< 0.50 mg·l-1O2 from 5 meters depth to the bottom). Furthermore, the average air temperatures in May 2018, in Poznań, were more than 3°C higher than in 2017 and 2016. In June and July, temperatures increased on average by 1 and 2°C compared to the previous. It was shown that the mass death of mussels was probably the result of the interaction of high temperature, a lack of oxygen, and the presence of hydrogen sulphide. It is not possible to clearly indicate only one factor that led to this phenomenon.

Zarys treści: Zjawisko masowej śmierci małży w poznańskim zbiorniku Rusałka miało miejsce w lipcu 2018 r. W wyniku tego zdarzenia populacja małży Unionidae została uszczuplona. W ramach badań terenowych wykonano liczenie małży, które znajdowały się przy brzegach oraz pływały, unosząc się w toni wodnej. Stwierdzono łącznie około 5500 śniętych sztuk. Ze względu na skalę zjawiska Wojewódzki Inspektorat Ochrony Środowiska w Poznaniu wykonał kompleksowe analizy jakości wody. Pobrano cztery próbki wody z różnych głębokości zbiornika w celu przeprowadzenia analiz fizyczno-chemicznych i biologicznych. Wykonano również dwa profile – tlenowy i temperaturowy w najgłębszym miejscu zbiornika. Wykazano m.in obecność siarkowodoru na 5 m głębokości w zbiorniku. Ponadto stężenie tlenu ulegało obniżeniu w miarę wzrostu głębokości do poziomu bliskiego całkowitemu odtlenieniu (< 0,50 mg·l-1O2) od 5 m do dna. Dodatkowo średnie temperatury powietrza w Poznaniu w maju 2018 r. były wyższe o ponad 3°C w porównaniu do lat 2016 i 2017. W czerwcu i lipcu 2018 r. średnie temperatury powietrza wzrosły średnio o 1 i 2°C. Wykazano, że masowa śmierć małży była prawdopodobnie wynikiem wzajemnego oddziaływania wysokiej temperatury, braku tlenu oraz obecności siarkowodoru. Nie można jednoznacznie wskazać wyłącznie jednego czynnika, który doprowadził do tego zjawiska.
Zastosowanie lecznicze i kosmetyczne wody różanej według dziewiętnastowiecznej literatury farmaceutycznej oraz medycznej
Authors: Koniewicz Krzysztof
Published: September 2022

Medicinal and cosmetic uses of rose water according to 19th century pharmaceutical and medical literature Floral water, also called hydrolate, is a secondary product of the distillation process of aromatic plants. In the Middle Ages, rose hydrolate, according to medical advice of the time, protected against plague spread by ‘miasma’. In nineteenth-century medical and cosmetic applications, rose water was often used as an aromatic and soothing ingredient, forming a base while giving the product the right consistency. It was also the main ingredient in eye medications (in Latin: Collyrium), anti-inflammatory ointments and cosmetic products, including perfumes, aromatic waters, nourishing creams, lubricating pomades and numerous fragrances. In the 19th century medical and pharmaceutical literature, rose water was seen as a mainly aromatic substance which added a pleasant fragrance to medicines and cosmetics. The aim of this article is to compare the recipes for medicines and cosmetics containing rose water from 19th-century apothecary’s manuscripts in the library of the Pharmacy Museum of the Jagiellonian University Medical College with the medical and pharmaceutical literature of the period.
Niepublikowane archiwalia dotyczące Fabryki Fajansu, Porcelany i Naczyń Kamiennych w Ćmielowie oraz naczynia z ćmielowskich serwisów porcelanowych Druckich-Lubeckich w zbiorach Muzeum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego
Authors: Frontczak Beata
Published: September 2022

Unpublished archives concerning the Faience, Porcelain and Stone Vessels Factory in Ćmielów and vessels from the Drucki-Lubecki porcelain services in the collections of the Jagiellonian University Museum

The first part of the article discusses a so far unpublished notarial deed of sale in 1845 by the Pusłowski brothers: Xawery Pusłowski (1806–1874), Wandalin Pusłowski (1814–1884), Franciszek Pusłowski (1800–1859) and Władysław Pusłowski (1801–1859), to Duchess Teresa of Drucki-Lubecki, Countess Scipio del Campo, half of the Ćmielów estate with annexes and appurtenances they inherited from their father, Wojciech Pusłowski, who died in 1833. The deed recorded in the register of documents of the Warsaw Notary Office has not survived. All the more valuable is a document held in the Manuscripts Department of the Jagiellonian Library, the second main extract of a deed of sale, drawn up in Warsaw on 29 May 1845 by Marcin Ciechanowski, scribe of the records of the Kingdom of Poland and regent of the Land Registry of the Warsaw Governorate. The first main extract, given to Teresa of the Drucki-Lubecki Dukes, Countess Scipio del Campo, was not preserved in the Szczuczynski Archives of the Drucki-Lubecki Dukes, held in the Czartoryski Library in Krakow. The second part of the article presents 39 pieces of Ćmielów porcelain vessels from five Drucki-Lubecki family services ordered in the Ćmielów factory at a time when the Drucki-Lubecki dukes were co-owners or sole proprietors of the Ćmielów estate and the faience, stoneware and porcelain factory in Ćmielów. Particularly valuable are dishes from the service dating from 1839 to 1851, bearing the monograms MD.L., Duchess Maria Drucka-Lubecka, wife of Duke Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki. The marks used on Ćmielów porcelain previously unknown in the literature were published. Basis on entries in the French press, the names of three French specialists (Auguste Teissonnière, Jules Teissonnière, Louis Delagnier) have been determined, which have so far been incorrectly reported in the literature.
Rodzaje odbitek występujących w grafice artystycznej w kontekście nieuczciwych zachowań uczestników rynku dzieł sztuki
Authors: Rybak-Karkosz Olivia
Published: September 2022

Types of copies in artistic prints in the context of dishonest behaviour of art market participants

The study analyses dishonest activities related to the types of copies of artistic prints, which are undertaken by participants of the art market. In the introduction, legal regulations concerning counterfeiting of artistic prints were discussed. Appropriate legal qualification of an act is important in the context of assigning criminal responsibility and the level of threat of punishment. As a rule, if an object is a historical monument within the meaning of the Act on the protection of historical monuments, the provisions of art. 109a are applied, which penalises counterfeiting or falsifying the historical monument in order to use it in the trade of historical monuments. Other cases are governed by art. 286 §1 of the Penal Code, which penalises fraud. However, not all actions undertaken by dishonest bidders and concerning the disposal of a plate or interference with the composition placed on it constitute forgery. Some of them constitute fraud, others, for example, deliberate lowering of the print run in order to artificially increase the demand for a given object. The article then lists the types of copies and briefly describes them. These include: copies made by the printmaker or a printmaking workshop working with the printmaker, copies with an original purpose other than commercial, posthumous copies, and copies from retouched plates, corrected or altered to some extent. The type of the copy is one of the factors determining the collector’s value of artistic prints. The last part of the study was devoted to state alteration, which is one of the ways of counterfeiting artistic prints. Condition alteration may be the effect of interference in the original plate or the copy itself. The final effect of the procedure is the change of the copy or the plate, which results in the adoption of a different state. Final conclusions are included at the end.