bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BULLYING DAN EFEKNYA BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR DI KABUPATEN KUDUS
Authors: Tristanti Ika , Nisak Ana Zumrotun , Azizah Noor
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang: Bullying adalah insiden kekerasan pada anak yang dilakukan oleh anak lain atau orang yang lebih kuat. Bullying yang terjadi di sekolah dikenal sebagai bullying sekolah. Bullying bisa berupa ancaman, ejekan, pelecehan dan kekerasan fisik. Sekitar 17-20% siswa pernah mengalami bullying. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menggambarkan insiden bullying di sekolah dasar dan dampaknya bagi siswa. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif untuk mengidentifikasi fenomena bulyying dan efeknya bagi siswa sekolah. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada November-Desember 2018 di Kabupaten Kudus. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling. Informan terdiri dari subjek dan korban bullying, guru, orang tua siswa berjumlah 20 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam menggunakan angket terbuka dan focus group discussion. Analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis tematik secara manual. Hasil: cemoohan, ancaman verbal dan fisik, pelecehan, kekerasan fisik (pukulan, tendangan) dan menyembunyikan barang korban adalah jenis-jenis insiden bullying di sekolah. Karakteristik korban bullying meliputi: usia yang lebih muda, jenis kelamin laki-laki, fisik yang lebih kecil, penampilan yang kurang rapi, kurang sosialisasi dan kurang berprestasi di sekolah. Efek dari intimidasi sering tidak masuk (enggan bersekolah), sering sakit, belajar dengan prestasi lebih rendah, putus sekolah. Kesimpulan: Bullying sekolah adalah fenomena negatif yang merugikan banyak siswa sehingga harus segera diatasi dengan melibatkan semua pihak, seperti guru, siswa dan orang tua mereka.
MANFAAT ROLLING MASSAGE PUNGGUNG DAN ENDHORPHIN MASSAGE TERHADAP PRODUKSI ASI
Authors: Mayangsari Dewi , Hidayati Sri Nur
Published: February 2021

Pijat merupakan salah satu terapi pendukung yang efektif untuk mengurangi ketidaknyamanan fisik serta memperbaiki gangguan mood. Pengurangan ketidaknyamanan pada ibu menyusui akan membantu lancarnya pengeluaran ASI.11 Dalam melakukan pemijatan termasuk rolling massage bisa memakai minyak aroma terapi, atau pilihan minyak lainnya, bisa juga tanpa memakai minyak. Tujuan Penelitian  : Menganalisa efektivitas  Rolling Massage Punggung dan Endhorphin massage terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu nifas di Klinik Pratama Tiara Gubug  Grobogan.Metode Penelitian : jenis Penelitian Quasy Experiment dengan desain two group pre test dan postest. Populasi ibu nifas pada bulan  Oktober 2019  di klinik tiara Gubug Grobogan sebanyak  20 responden. Hasil Penelitian Produksi ASI pada ibu nifas sebelum dan sesudah diberikan rolling massage punggung pada kelompok intervensi mempunyai mean 57.49, sesudah 147.84. sebelum diberikan Endhorphin massage mempunyai mean 50.135, sesudah 107.071. Ada Perbedaan rolling massage punggung terhadap produksi ASI dan Endhorphin massage terhadap produksi ASI  pada kelompok intervensi di Klinik Pratama Tiara Gubug Kabupaten Grobogan p value 0,000 dan Ada perbedaan rolling massage punggung dan Endhorphin massage  terhadap produksi ASI  pada ibu nifas di Klinik Pratama Tiara Gubug Kabupaten Grobogan p value 0,000. Kata Kunci: Rolling Massage Punggung, Endhorphin massage, produksi ASI AbstractMassage is one of the effective supporting therapies to reduce physical discomfort and improve mood disorders. Reducing discomfort in breastfeeding mothers will help the smooth release of breast milk.11 In doing massage including rolling massage can use aromatherapy oils, or other oil choices, can also without using oil. Research Objectives: To analyze the effectiveness of the Back Rolling Massage and Endhorphin Massage on the production of breast milk for postpartum mothers at Tiara Gubug Grobogan Clinic Research. Methods: Quasy Experiment Research type with two group pre-test and post-test designs. The population of postpartum mothers in Oktober 2019 at the Grobogan Gubug tiara clinic was 20 respondents.The results of the study ASI production in postpartum mothers before and after given back massage in the intervention group had a mean of 57.49, after 147.84. before being given Endhorphin massage has a mean of 50,135, after 107,071. There are differences in back rolling massage for breast milk production and Endhorphin massage for breast milk production in the intervention group in the Grobogan District Tiara Gubug Clinic p value 0,000 and there are differences in back rolling massage and Endhorphin massage for breast milk production in postpartum mothers at Tiara Gubug Pratama Clinic Grobogan Regency p value of 0,000. Keywords: Back Rolling Massage;Endhorphin massage; ASI production
KEJADIAN CEDERA PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR: STUDI DESKRIPTIF
Authors: Usman Usman , Almumtahanah Almumtahanah , Kawuryan Uji , Wuriani Wuriani
Published: February 2021

AbstrakSetiap tahunnya angka kejadian cedera pada anak usia Sekolah Dasar selalu mengalami peningkatan secara dramatis. Kejadian cedera tersebut disebabkan oleh factor internal maupun factor eksternal salah satunya adalah di lingkungan Sekolah. Lingkungan Sekolah yang kurang baik, maka Anak akan mengalami resiko tinggi cedera. Dampak cedera yang paling parah yang akan ditimbulkan adalah kecacatan pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran resiko kejadian cedera pada Anak usia Sekolah Dasar. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan kuota sampling yang dilakukan pada bulan Januari 2020 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 250 siswa yang terbagi atas 125 siswa di SDN 11 Terentang Kubu Raya dan 125 siswa di SDIT Almumtas Pontianak. instrument penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis menggunakan deskriptif frekuensi dengan SPSS versi 15. Hasil penelitian pada tingkatan cedera, siswa laki-laki mengalami cedera berat sebanyak 16.8% dan anak perempuan sebanyak 4.4%. Jenis cedera yang paling banyak dialami adalah luka gores sebanyak 26.7% pada siswa laki-laki dan 42.3% pada siswa perempuan. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah masih ada siswa Sekolah Dasar yang mengalami cedera berat, baik siswa laki-laki maupun siswa perempuan.Kata Kunci: Cedera Fisik, Anak Usia Sekolah, Sekolah Dasar AbstractEvery year the incidence of injuries in elementary school, children has always increased dramatically. The injury caused by internal and external factors, one of which is in the School environment. The school is bad  environment, then the child will experience a high risk of injury. The most severe impact of injury that will be caused is a disability in children. This study aims to determine the picture of the risk of injury in elementary school to children. The research method used is descriptive cross sectional approach. Sampling Technique  used a quota sampling conducted in January 2020 with a total sample of 250 students divided into 125 students at SDN Terentang Kubu Raya and 125 students at SDIT Almumtas Pontianak. This research instrument used a questionnaire. Analysis used descriptive frequency with SPSS version 15. The results of the study at the level of injury, male students suffered severe injuries as much as 16.8% and girls as much as 4.4%. The most common type of injury was scratches as much as 26.7% in male students and 42.3% in female students. The conclusion of this study is there are still elementary school students who have suffered serious injuries, both male and female students. Keywords: Physical Injury, Child School, Elementary School
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN IBU PRIMIPARA TENTANG TEKNIK MENYUSUI YANG BENAR DENGAN KEJADIAN PUTING SUSU LECET KABUPATEN PADANG PARIAMAN
Authors: Rishel Rika Astria , Ramaita Ramaita
Published: February 2021

Puting susu lecet merupakan salah satu masalah dalam menyusui yang disebabkan trauma saat menyusui, selain itu dapat pula terjadi retak dan pembentukkan celah-celah. Sebanyak 57% ibu yang menyusui dilaporkan pernah menderita puting susu lecet. World Health Organization (WHO) memperkirakan setiap tahun terdapat 1 - 1,5 juta bayi meninggal dunia karena tidak diberi ASI secara eksklusif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan ibu primipara tentang teknik menyusui yang benar dengan kejadian puting susu lecet di BPM Susiana, A.Md.Keb Kp. Dalam Kab. Padang Pariaman tahun 2019. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan 21 Juli s.d 15 Agustus 2019. Penelitian analitik dengan desain cross sectional study. Populasi pada penelitian ini semua ibu primipara yang memiliki bayi di BPM Susiana pada tahun 2019 sebanyak 33 ibu. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan total sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 33 orang ibu. Data di analisis secara univariat dan bivariat secara komputerisasi dengan uji statistik menggunakan SPSS Ver.17 dengan batas kemaknaan α = 0,05 dan derajat kepercayaan 95%.Hasil analisa univariat menunjukkan bahwa, 57,6% ibu mengalami kejadia puting susu lecet, 63,6% ibu berpengetahuan rendah tentang teknik menyusui yang benar. Analisis bivariat ditemukan nilai p value (p<0,05) artinya terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan (p=0,013) dengan kejadian puting susu lecet di BPM Susiana, A.Md.Keb Kp. Dalam Kab. Padang Pariaman tahun 2019. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ternyata ada hubungan pengetahuan dengan kejadian puting susu lecet. Merujuk hasil penelitian disarankan kepada petugas kesehatan agar dapat lebih mensosialisasikan faktor-faktor pencetus yang perlu dihindari untuk mencegah terjadinya lecet puting susu khususnya cara atau teknik menyusui yang benar.
PEMBERIAN KONSUMSI RUMPUT LAUT (EUCHEUMA SPINOSUM) TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA IBU HAMIL DIWILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS NARAS KOTA PARIAMAN
Authors: Mutiara Sherly , Ayuni Dini Qurrata , Rishel Rika Astria
Published: February 2021

Badan kesehatan dunia (World Health Organization/WHO) melaporkan bahwa prevalensi ibu hamil yang mengalami defisiensi besi sekitar 40%, hal ini semakin meningkat seiring dengan pertambahan usia kehamilan. Kadar hemoglobin normal pada ibu-ibu hamil adalah 11 gr/ mmHg. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas konsumsi rumput laut (eucheuma spinosum) terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Naras Kota Pariaman tahun 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Quasi Eksperiment dengan pendekatan menggunakan rancangan post tes only control group desain. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Naras pada tanggal .Sampel diambil menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, Teknik pengolahan data dilakukan secara komputerisasi dengan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil analisis univariat ditemukan dari 25 responden terdapat 42% responden mengalami anemia (pre test), 44% tidak mengalami anemia (post test) di wilayah kerja puskesmas naras. Hasil analisis bivariat didapatkan adanya efektivitas konsumsi rumput laut (eucheuma spinosum) terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil (p value = 0,000) Di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Naras Tahun 2020.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa adanya efektivitas konsumsi rumput laut (eucheuma spinosum) terhadap peningkatan kadar hemoglobin pada ibu hamil. Diharapkan pada petugas kesehatan hendaknya lebih meningkatkan lagi memberikan penyuluhan kepada penderita anemia, seperti memberikan leafleat atau selebaran-selebaran yang berisikan informasi tentang hal-hal yang mempengaruhi kadar hemoglobin).
KEEFEKTIFAN APLIKASI M-HEALTH SEBAGAI MEDIA PROMOSI KESEHATAN DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP, PRILAKU PENCEGAHAN TANDA BAHAYA KEHAMILAN
Authors: Puspitasari Indah , Indrianingrum Irawati
Published: February 2021

Selama kehamilan, ibu hamil mengalami perubahan fisiologi dan psikologis yang  menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan, seperti mual muntah, pusing, nyeri perut bawah, dan bengkak apabila tidak mendapatkan penanganan yang tepat mengakibatkan komplikasi pada kehamilan. Dalam beberapa tahun terakhir terjadi evolusi cepat dalam teknologi informasi untuk digunakan dalam promosi kesehatan dan pencegahan penyakit. Penggunaan teknologi memungkinkan untuk penyebaran informasi kepada ibu hamil dalam upaya meningkatkan pelayanan antenatal. Pemanfaatan aplikasi m-Health mengakibatkan peningkatan pengetahuan tentang perawatan  kehamilan, memengaruhi sikap dan perubahan perilaku ibu hamil sehingga meningkatkan kesehatan ibu dan bayi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kefektifan pemanfaatan aplikasi m-health sebagai media promosi kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku pencegahan adanya tanda bahaya kehamilan pada ibu hamil.Subjek penelitian sebanyak 56 ibu hamil pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan bulan Oktober tahun 2020 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Purwosari Kabupaten Kudus. Berdasarkan uji Mann Whitneyterdapat perbedaan yang bermakna terhadap pengetahuan dengan nilai (p<0,05), yang berati bahwa Aplikasi m-health memengaruhi tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang tanda bahaya kehamilan trimester III dibanding buku KIA, sedangkan penggunaan Aplikasi m-health maupun buku KIA untuk sikap dan perilaku menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dalam pencegahan adanya tanda bahaya kehamilan trimester III (p>0,05). Hasil penelitian diharapkan dalam pelayanan antenatal care mengintegrasikan penerapan aplikasi m-health sebagai media pendidikan kesehatan yang berbasis android untuk menyampaikan informasi tentang kehamilan yang dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil dan perubahan perilaku selama kehamilan kearah yang lebih baik.
RENTANG WAKTU MELAKUKAN COITUS DENGAN KEJADIAN DISPAREUNIA
Authors: Wigati Atun , Nisak Ana Zumrotun , Tristanti Ika
Published: February 2021

Kebutuhan ibu nifas, juga sama halnya dengan ibu lainnya hanya lebih membutuhkan penanganan khusus. Salah satu kebutuhan ibu nifas adalah kebutuhan seksual. 20% perempuan yang baru pertama kali melahirkan membutuhkan waktu 6 bulan untuk merasa nyaman secara fisik saat bersenggama, dengan waktu rata-rata sekitar 3 bulan. Sekitar 61% terjadi rasa nyeri saat melakukan hubungan seksual pasca melahirkan karena dilakukan sebelum 6 minggu pasca melahirkan, hanya 12-14% pasangan yang tidak mengalami masalah seksual setelah melahirkan (sexual problems postpartum) karena dilakukan setelah 6 minggu pasca melahirkan. Tujuan peneltian ini untuk menganalisa rentang waktu melakukan coitus dengan dispareunia pasca nifas. Jenis penelitian menggunakan deskriptif analitik, pendekatan waktu retrospective study. Tehnik pengambilan sample menggunakan simple random sampling. Jumlah sample dalam penelitian ini adalah 36 responden yang sudah memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisa data statistic menggunakan uji Chi-Square dengan instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai chi-square adalah 5,99. Hasil ini menunjukkan ada korelasi antara rentang waktu melakukan coitus dengan kejadian dyspareunia pada ibu pasca nifas di BPM Sri Purwanti Kabupaten Jepara. Kata Kunci : rentang waktu coitus, dispareunia
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN JAHE MERAH TERHADAP PERUBAHAN NYERI DISMINORHEA
Authors: Andriani Diah , Hartinah Dewi , Prabandari Dhita Wulan
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang : Salah satu tanda pubertas untuk seorang wanita adalah terjadinyamenstruasi yang biasanya terjadi pada usia 10 - 17 tahun. Saat menjelang menstruasikebanyakan perempuan akan merasakan nyeri di perutnya. Disminore dapat diatasi denganterapi farmakologis dan non farmakologis, salah satunya dengan pemberian jahe merah.Tujuan : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian jahe merahterhadap perubahan nyeri disminore pada santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Istiqomah KudusTahun 2016. Metodologi Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan quasy eksperimen PretestposttestNon Equivalent Control Group Design terhadap 32 santri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Istiqomah Kudus Tahun 2016 yang mengalami disminore berat sampai ringan. Analisapenelitian ini menggunakan Uji Wilcoxon. Hasil : Dari analisa perubahan nyeri disminoresebelum dan sesudah diberian jahe merah didapatkan hasil p = 0,000 (p < 0,05 ).Kesimpulan : Pemberian jahe merah berpengaruh untuk menurunkan nyeri disminore padasantri di Pondok Pesantren Al-Istiqomah Kudus Tahun 2016.AbstractBackground : One sign of puberty for women is menstruation which ussually occours at 10-17 years old. Before menstruation happend many women will feel the pain in her stomach.Dysmenorrhea can reduce with pharmacological therapy and non pharmacological therapy,one of them is giving red ginger.Objective : This research purpose to determine the effect ofred ginger to changes pain of dysmenorrhea of the students on Al-Istiqomah Boarding SchoolKudus 2016.Methodology : This research uses quasy experimental pretest-posttest controlgroup design non equivalent to 32 students at Al-Istiqomah Boarding School 2016 whoexperienced severe to mild. Analysis of this research using the wilcoxon test. Result : Fromthe analysis of changes pain of dysmenorrhea before and after given red ginger showp=0,000 (p<0,005) Conclusion : Giving of red ginger can reduce dysmenorrhea effect on thestudents at Al-Istiqomah Boarding School Kudus 2016.
HUBUNGAN KONDISI KESEHATAN DAN STRES EMOSIONAL DENGAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN HIV AIDS DI RSUD RAA SOEWONDO PATI
Authors: Purnomo Muhammad , Faridah Umi
Published: February 2021

Latar Belakang : Sejak penemuan kasus HIV/AIDS pertama kali di dunia yang dilaporkan terjadi pada tahun 1981, kasus ini terus berkembang pesat diseluruh belahan dunia.  Kualitas hidup pasien HIV/AIDS dibagi beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi yaitu kondisi kesehatan dan stress emosional. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian mengenaik kualitas hidup yang di tinjau dari aspek kondisi kesehatan dan stres emosional yang dilakukan di RSUD RAA Soeowondo Pati. Tujuan : Mengetahui hubungan kondisi kesehatan dan stress emosional dengan kualitas hidup pasien HIV/AIDS di RSUD RAASoewondo Pati. Metode : Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif survei korelasional dengan pendekatan waktu cross sectional model. Jumlah sample 92 responden, dipilih dengan menggunakan metode Probability sampling (sample random). Untuk menganalisis data menggunakan Chi Square. Hasil : Berdasarkan uji Chi Square diperoleh nilai sig sebesar 0,000, maka nilai sig < 0,05, dengan demikian pvalue < 0,05, maka Ho ditolak, Ha diterima. Kesimpulan : ada hubungan antara kondisi kesehatan dan stress emosional dengan kualitas hidup pasien HIV/AIDS di  RSUD RAA Soewondo Pati.
HUBUNGAN ANEMIA IBU BERSALIN DENGAN KEJADIAN BBLR DI RSI PKU MUHAMMADIYAH SINGKIL
Authors: Hadiningsih Tri Agustina , Anggraeni Ika Esti
Published: February 2021

Angka Kematian Ibu saat persalinan di Kabupaten Tegal pada tahun 2018 terdapat 10 kasus kematian, yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor antara lain hipertensi 30%, kala 2 lama 10%, gemeli 10%, anemia 10%, hal tersebut di sebabkan karena selama kehamilan kadar hemoglobin menurun sehingga terjadi perdarahan pada saat persalinan yang menyebabkan kematian pada salah satu kasus ibu bersalin.(Dinkes Kabupaten Tegal, 2018). Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari RSI PKU Muhammadiyah terdapat sebanyak 5,4% ibu dengan anemia dan 5,2% kejadian bayi BBLR (Data RSI PKU Muhammadiyah Singkil Tahun 2018). Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara anemia pada ibu bersalin dengan kejadian BBLR di RSI PKU Muhammadiyah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif yang bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan penelitian retrospektif untuk melihat hubungan anemia pada ibu bersalin dengan kejadian BBLR.Hasil penelitian Frekuensi ibu bersalin tidak anemia sebanyak 45 responden (60%) dan ibu bersalin dengan anemia sebanyak 30 responden (40%). Frekuensi ibu bersalin yang melahirkan bayi tidak BBLR sebanyak 31 responden (41,3%) dan ibu bersalin yang melahirkan bayi dengan BBLR sebanyak 44 bayi (58,7%). Berdasarkan analisis statistik nilai Asymp. Sig (2-sided) pada uji Person Chi-Square adalah sebesar 0.848. Karena nilai Asymp. Sig (2-sided) 0.848 >0.05, maka pengambilan keputusan Ho diterima dan Ha ditolak. Dengan demikian dapat diartikan “Tidak Ada Hubungan Antara Anemia pada Ibu Bersalin dengan Kejadian BBLR di RSI PKU Muhammadiyah Singkil”.
English Proficiency Gain and Mediating Factors in Training: A Self-Evaluation of Vietnamese Pre-Service EFL Teachers
Authors: Loi Nguyen Van , Hang Chung Thi Thanh
Published: February 2021

Following the international language proficiency standards, Vietnam has recently set the advanced English proficiency (C1- CEFR) for teacher graduates from an English teacher education program. Considering regional differences, this standard setting has raised a concern about its feasibility. Therefore, this paper aims to report the language proficiency development of English teacher trainees at a Vietnamese university as an illustration and examine training factors that may influence this proficiency outcome. To this end, a mixed-method approach is used in which a self-report questionnaire is designed to collect the data on the trainees’ self-assessment of EP and their responses to the training factors. Also, a group interview is then conducted to obtain qualitative evidence that backed up the questionnaire results. The participants are 41 fourth-year EFL teacher students, seven of whom agreed to participate in the group interview. The results show that approximately 62.4% of the candidates self-assessed their level equivalent to the C1-advanced proficiency, while a significant percentages till desired additional language proficiency support. Their responses to the training factors reveal that they are overall satisfied with the effectiveness of English proficiency training. Noticeably, their proficiency scores positively correlate with their use of self-regulated learning strategies, which in turn correlated with the types of teaching and assessment activities during the training years. Their starting proficiency level also has a significant correlation to their proficiency gain at the end. These findings offer useful implications for preparing foreign language teachers in the context towards the general proficiency standards, and for understanding expectations versus realities regarding this issue.
Understanding of Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases in Three Modes of Representation among Tenth-Grade Students in Chemistry
Authors: Sanchez Joje Mar P.
Published: February 2021

An analysis of students’ performance in Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) of gases was done to determine the extent of the understanding of these chemistry concepts in three modes of representation, namely macroscopic, microscopic, and symbolic. The study employed one-shot quasi-experimental research where students in Grade 10 at a secondary school in Cebu City were exposed to the Integrated Macro-Micro-Symbolic Approach (IMMSA). A validated post-test tool with macro, micro, and symbolic questions was used in the study. The post-test results revealed that there was a gradual improvement of the students’ understanding from a good understanding of macroscopic and microscopic levels to a very good understanding of the symbolic level. Thus, it was concluded that the use of three modes of chemical representation led to a high extent in the understanding of concepts in chemistry. It is recommended that teachers begin their instruction at the macroscopic level and introduce symbols only after the microscopic level.
Comparison of 0.75–24-GHz Reach Distances and Ratios Using Propagation Path Loss Measurements from Urban and Rural Line-of-Sight Environments
Authors: Oh Soon-Soo , Choi Jae-Won , Kim Dong-Woo , Lee Young-Chul , Cho Byung-Lok
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we present experimental transmittance data at 0.75, 1, 2, 3, 4.5, 6, 10, 18, and 24 GHz from urban and rural environments. All measurements were performed under line-of-sight (LoS) conditions. Reach distances were extracted using the multifrequency alpha-beta- gamma model. Normalized individual and combined ratios were plotted against the frequencies and compared between the two environments. Although our data were obtained under LoS conditions, they can be used to predict the service area over a wide frequency range and establish a public policy for mobile communications.
A Dual-Band Low-Power-Consumption Active RFID Tag Based on a Meander FPCB Antenna for Subway Vehicle Management
Authors: Cha Jung Hoon , Kim Yong Jung , Cho Yong Cheon , Lee Hojun , Lee Hak Yong
Published: February 2021

A meander microstrip antenna was designed to operate in the UHF and microwave bands. Laser direct structuring (LDS) and the flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) method were used to fabricate the antenna, and their results were compared. A dual-band low-power-consumption active radio frequency identification (RFID) tag based on the present antenna was developed and fabricated for an automated subway vehicle maintenance system. The recognition distance of the active tag is more than 20 m at 900 MHz and more than 170 m at 2.4 GHz, while the recognition rate is >95% at 900 MHz and 100% at 2.4 GHz. The 100% recognition rate was obtained when the RFID readers were placed in a line parallel to the subway track. Therefore, we have shown that our active RFID tag can be used in a subway vehicle management system.
A Simple Power Source Modeling and Experimental Investigation of a Spacecraft for EMC Applications
Authors: Kim Tae-Youn , Lee Jae-Hyun
Published: February 2021

Simplified modeling of a spacecraft power system is proposed to predict the conducted electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) environment. A key element of the spacecraft conducted environment is the electrical power subsystem, which corresponds to the power source. Since the impedance of the power source has a significant effect on conducted interference, the assessment of power bus impedance is essential to control and manage spacecraft EMC. In the proposed model, all components inside the power system were modeled as simple equivalent circuits with lumped elements. The advantage is that it simplifies the complex power system so that its impedance can be quickly obtained at the early stage of spacecraft system design and development. The model is validated by comparing the calculated results with experimental data. The comparison results between simulation and experiment showed good agreements.
Circumlocutions with the noun peopo ‘people’ in Hawai’i Creole English
Authors: Radomyski Konrad
Published: February 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the use of circumlocutions with the noun peopo in Hawai’i Creole English from The Revelation of St. John Divine in the HCE Bible. These examples are contrasted with their equivalents from King James’ Bible. The main aim is to conduct a quantitative analysis of selected circumlocutions. Moreover, possible grammatical structures for circumlocutions are analysed.

Circumlocution is, in fact, an effective word formation process in Hawai’i Creole English since it allows its speakers to create new lexical items that can bridge lexical gaps in their lexicon.
Nynorsk and the L2 self
Authors: Haugan Jens
Published: February 2021

As part of an ongoing project (Educational Role of Language), this paper continues the quest (Haugan 2019b) for finding approaches to second language acquisition that might help understand the challenges for Norwegian pupils/students when trying to learn the alternative written language Nynorsk, in order to develop better teaching didactics.

Norway has two official written language varieties: Bokmål (Dano-Norwegian) and Nynorsk (New Norwegian). Normally, all Norwegian students must learn both varieties of the written Norwegian language in school, and at the end of secondary school, they obtain two separate grades in written Norwegian. However, one of the varieties is considered and taught as the main written language, whereas the other variety is the second or alternative written language.

Approximately 85 percent of the pupils in school have the DanoNorwegian variety as their main written language and many of these pupils develop antipathies against the other variety with the result that they do not master it very well at the end of secondary school. In fact, many pupils achieve better results in English than in the alternative variety of their own so-called mother tongue.

In this paper, I will investigate the approach of Dörnyei (2009), i.e. a motivation-oriented theory of second language learning, and adapt it to learning Norwegian Nynorsk as an alternative written language. According to motivation-oriented L2 approaches, the notion of a L2 self or identity is an important part in trying to acquire/learn a second language. I will claim that this part of language learning is crucial in the understanding of the challenges connected with learning Norwegian Nynorsk as an alternative language. Most language learners would be more motivated to acquire a second language than trying to have a second identity connected to a variety of the same language.

Since the content of this paper is a continuation and extension of the previous work in the same research project and network and I consider the general background crucial for the argumentation, certain parts of the presentation are borrowed or adapted from Haugan (2019b).
The Correlation between Social Determinants and Environmental Condition with Measles Cases among Infants in Padang, West Sumatera
Authors:   Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Putri Iyana , Bachtiar Adang ,   Department of Health Administration and Policy, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia
Published: February 2021

Background: Indonesia is targeting to eliminate measles by 2020. In 2018 there were still 191 cases of measles in the city of Padang. This study aimed to determine the risk factors most associated with the incidence of measles among children under five in Padang City in 2018. Subjects and Method: A case-control study was conducted in Padang City, West Sumatera. The total of 74 children under five were enrolled in this study consisting of 37 with measles and 37 without measles. The study subjects were selected using sampling technique for cases and purposive sampling with matching age and sex for controls. The dependent variable was measles incidence. The independent variable was exclusive breastfeeding, measles immunization status, and vitamin A intake. The data were collected using medical records and questionnaire. The data were analyzed using d logistic regression. Results: The logistic regression showed that the most influential variable with the incidence of measles among children under five was measles immunization status with (OR= 6.33; 95% CI= 1.87 to 21.39; p= 0.003). Conclusion: Children under five who are not immunized against measles have the highest risk of measles incidence among children under five in Padang City. Keywords: measles, immunization, children under five Correspondence: Iyana Putri. Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, West Java. Email: iyanaputri71@gmail.com. Mobile: 085264332552 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.12
Gender and Occupation on Fine Motor Skill among Infants Aged 6-11 Months
Authors:   Study Program of Biomedical Science, Universitas IVET Semarang, Lestari Catur Retno
Published: February 2021

Background: After birth, the growth and growth of boys will tend to be faster than girls and will last until a certain moment. This is affected by testosterone, a hormone that is higher in male babies than in female babies. The employment status of mothers may affect the role and presence of mothers in stimulating children to achieve motor development according to their age. Working mothers can have a negative or positive influence on the development of children. The negative impact of working mothers is that the presence of the mother in the child’s daily life is lower than that of the mother who is not working, so that the mother can provide motivation and stimulation. This study aimed to determine the gender and occupation relationship on fine motor skill among infants aged 6-11 months. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study of 284 infants aged 6-11 months. This study was carried out in eight community health centres in Kulon Progo Regency, Yogyakarta. The dependent variable was fine motor skill. The independent variable was gender. Data on fine motoric development were based on the results of the pre-screening development questionnaire. Other data were collected from interview and questionnaire. Data were analyze using the Chi-square test. Results: There was a significant relationship between gender and fine motor development among infants aged 6-11 months. Conclusion: Gender is proven to have a significant relationship with fine motor development among infants aged 6-11 months. Keywords: gender, fine motor development, infant Correspondence: Catur Retno Lestari. Study Program of Biomedical Science, Universitas IVET Semarang. Email: caturretno.lestari@gmail.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.14
The Effect of Infection Prevention and Control Link Nurse Supervision and Resource Availability on Paramedic Hand Hygiene at Hanau Hospital, Seruyan District, Central Kalimantan
Authors:   Hospital Administration Studies Master Program, Faculty of Public Health,  Universitas Indonesia, Sidabalok Jhonferi ,   Department of Health Administration and Policy, Faculty of Public Health,  Universitas Indonesia
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Hand hygiene was the most straightforward and most effective behavior to prevent nosocomial infection. Doing hand-hygiene in 5 moments must be endeavored to improve the quality of service in the hospital. Hospitals must have a PPI team where the Infection Prevention and Control Link Nurse (IPCLN) is part of the structure. The availability of facilities in the hospital is needed to support hand hygiene behavior. This study aimed to know the effect of IPCLN supervision and facilities’ availability on paramedical hand hygiene behavior at Hanau Hospital. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional conducted at Hanau Hospital, Seruyan District, Central Kalimantan. A sample of 83 paramedics at Hanau Hospital was selected for this study by total sampling. The dependent variable was the behavior of hand hygiene paramedic. The independent variable was IPCLN supervision and the availability of facilities. The data were collected by questionnaire. The data was analyzed by Chi Square. Results: The respondents in this study were 67.5% women, 72.3% were under 30 years old, 74.7% had a Diploma-III education, and 69.9% worked less than 5 years. The supervision carried out by IPCLN (OR = 35.25; CI: 4.36 to 258.22), and the availability of facilities (OR = 24.35; CI: 5.10 to 116.26) was statistically significant (p <0.001). Variables that influence the behavior of paramedic hand hygiene at Hanau Hospital are supervision of the IPCLN towards paramedics (B = 2.86; OR = 17.42; 95% CI= 1.94 to 156.78; p= 0.011) together with the variable availability of facilities (B = 2.62; OR = 13.69; 95% CI= 2.62 to 71.49; p= 0.002). Conclusion: The supervision of IPCN and the availability of facilities affect the hand hygiene behavior of paramedics at Hanau Hospital. Keywords: hand hygiene, IPCLN, Supervision, Facilities, PPI Correspondence: Jhonferi Sidabalok, Hospital Administration Studies Master Program, Faculty of Public Health, Indonesia University. Email: jfs.usu98@gmail.com. Mobile 082154643424 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.19
Risk Factors for Mortality in Patients with Covid-19: A Systematic Review
Authors:   Master of Public Health Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Yustinawati Ratna , Achadi Anhari ,   Department of Health Administration and Policy, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: SARS-CoV-2, a new strain of the coronavirus, caused a global outbreak of fatal acute pneumonia. Globally, WHO has recorded 709,511 deaths from COVID-19, and the number is increasing. This study aimed to determine the risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 patients. Subjects and Method: A systematic review was conducted by searching for articles from ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The inclusion criteria were open access, English-language, and full-text articles published in journals between 20019 and 2020. The keywords were (Coronavirus Disease 2019 AND clinical characteristics AND epidemiological characteristics AND comorbidities) OR (COVID-19 AND clinical characteristics AND epidemiological characteristics AND comorbidities). A total of eight articles was reviewed to answer the research question. The data were analyzed by PRISMA flow chart. Results: Based on the reports from China and Korea, a total of 1,314 (100%) COVID-19 patients who died was aged ≥60 years with comorbidity, in which 845 (64%) were male patients. Before the death of patients, the increase D-dimer level of ≥1 μg/ mL and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of ≥4 were reported. It indicated the occurrence of multi-organ failure and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Most of the comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: Risk factors for mortality in COVID-19 patients include age at ≥60 years, male, and presence of comorbidity. The clinical features are D-dimer levels ≥1 μg / mL, high SOFA score (≥4), and ARDS. Comprehensive efforts are needed to identify risk factors early and conduct effective treatment timely to reduce the mortality of COVID-19 patients. Keywords: SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, risk factors, mortality, comorbidity Correspondence: Ratna Yustinawati. Master of Public Health Program, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, West Java, Indonesia. Email: ratnayustinawati@gmail.com. Mobile: +628179324304. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.26
Determinants of Knowledge about Covid-19 Transmission Preventionand Antenatal Care Visit in Gresik, East Java
Authors:   Midwifery Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik, Mulyani Endah ,   Midwifery Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik, Hidayati Zahrotul ,   Midwifery Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik, Mujahidah Khaulah ,   Midwifery Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Covid-19 is a highly infectious disease with a higher risk to suffer severe health complications, especially for people with pre-existing medical conditions. Pregnant women must prevent the risk of disease transmission as the probability of adverse birth outcomes. This study aimed to examine the determinants of Covid-19 transmission and prevention knowledge among pregnant women in Gresik, East Java. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Gresik, East Java in July 2020. A total of 46 pregnant women was selected for this study. The dependent variable was level of Covid-19 transmission and prevention knowledge among pregnant women. The independent variables were age, level of education, carrier status, and information media. The study subjects were selected by total sampling method. The data were collected by using questionnaires. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: Level of Covid-19 transmission and prevention knowledge among pregnant women increased with maternal age (OR= 8.00; 95% CI= 1.54 to 41.49; p= 0.013), level of education (OR= 13.00; 95% CI= 2.35 to 71.84; p= 0.003), and information media (OR= 37.75, 95% CI= 4.41 to 322.85; p= 0.001). Level of Covid-19 transmission and prevention knowledge among pregnant women decreased with maternal carrier status (OR= 0.11; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.43; p= 0.032). Conclusion: Covid-19 transmission and prevention knowledge among pregnant women increase with maternal age, level of education, and information media while decreasing with maternal carrier status. Keywords: Covid-19 transmission, prevention, knowledge, education, information media Correspondence: Endah Mulyani. Midwifery Program, Faculty of Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik. Jl. Proklamasi No.54 Trat, Gresik. Email: endahmulyani@umg.ac.id. Mobile: +6281252184499. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.31
Meta-Anaylsis: Gender and the Risk of Lower Extremity Amputation in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Foot Ulcer
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Septiani Anissa Eka , Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Rahardjo Setyo Sri ,   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Prasetya Hanung ,   Study Program of Acupuncture, School of Health Polytechnics,  Ministry of Health, Surakarta
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Diabetes is an independent predictor of limb amputation (versus revascularization) for the treatment of critical limb ischemia. Much of the cost related to diabetes results from macrovascular and microvascular complications, such as myocardial infarctions, end-stage renal disease, and lower extremity amputations (LEAs). This study aimed to examine the associations between gender and the risk of lower extremity amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and foot ulcer. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis and systematic review was conducted by collected published articles from Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Springer Link databases. Lower limb amputation, lower extremity amputation, diabetic foot, and diabetic ulcer keywords were used to collect the articles. The inclusion criteria were full text, cohort study, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The selected articles were analyzed by PRISMA flow chart and revman 5.3. Results: 9 articles were reported that male increased the risk of lower extremity amputation in type 2 DM patients (aOR= 1.60; 95% CI= 1.32 to 1.94; p<0.001). Conclusion: Male increases the risk of lower extremity amputation in type 2 DM patients. Keywords: lower extremity amputation, type 2 diabetes mellitus, foot ulcer Correspondence: Anissa Eka Septiani. Masters Program in Public Heath, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: sanissaeka@gmail.com. Mobile: 089514646458. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.37
Obesity and the Risk of Suicide in Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Syafi’ie Hisyam , Prasetya Hanung ,   Study Program of Acupunture, Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surakarta, Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Some prospective studies reported that obesity is positively associated with depression. Adults with obese might have higher suicide risk, as patients with major depression disorder have a higher risk of committing suicide compared to the normal population. This study aimed to examine the association between obesity and the risk of suicide in adults. Subjects and Method: This was a meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was collected published articles from 2010 to 2020 in Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer Link, Hindawi, Clinical Key, and ProQuest electronic databases. Searching process by insert “obesity” AND “suicidal” AND “cross sectional” AND “adjusted odd ratio” keywords. The inclusion criteria were full text, in English language, cross-sectional design, and reporting adjusted odds ratio. The data were analyzed by PRISMA flow chart and Revman 5.3. Results: 4 articles reported that obesity increased the risk of suicidal ideas in adults (aOR= 1.12; 95% CI= 0.96 to 1.31; p= 0.14). Conclusion: Obesity increased the risk of suicide in adults. Keywords: obesity, suicidal Correspondence: Hisyam Syafi’ie. Masters Program in Public Health. Universitas Sebelas Maret, Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: bunghifi@gmail.com. Mobile: 081326002006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.39
The Effects of Family Support and Peer Support on the Quality of Life in Elderly in Jember, East Java
Authors:   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Satya Malinda Capri Nurul , Soemanto RB. ,   Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Murti Bhisma ,   Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Social support in the elderly is defined as the perceived availability of support, affection, and instrumental aid from their social partners, including family members, peers, or neighbors. Social support may help the elderly to buffer stress and depression while enhancing their mental health and wellbeing. This study aimed to examine the effects of family support and peer support on the quality of life in elderly. Subjects and Method: A cross sectional study was conducted at Tresna Werdha Social Service in Jember, East Java, from August to September 2019. A sample of 200 elderly aged ≥60 years old was selected by fixed exposure sampling. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variables were healthy behavior, education, residence, family income, family support, and peer support. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Quality of life in elderly increased with strong family support (OR=7.12; 95% CI= 1.63 to 31.09; p= 0.009), strong peer support (OR= 3.06; 95% CI= 1.13 to 8.34; p= 0.028), healthy behavior (OR= 2.86; 95% CI= 1.27 to 6.44; p= 0.011), living in the house (OR= 3.83; 95% CI= 1.10 to 13.35; p= 0.035), education ≥Senior high school (OR= 3.91; 95% CI= 1.34 to 11.36; p= 0.012), and high income ≥Rp 2,170,000 (OR= 4.72; 95% CI= 1.08 to 20.65; p=0.040). Conclusion: Quality of life in elderly increases with strong family support, strong peer support, healthy behavior, living in the house, education ≥Senior high school, and high income. Keywords: quality of life, elderly, family support, peer support Correspondence: Malinda Capri Nurul Satya. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: malindacaprins@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285236936546. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.01.42
Effectiveness of Cookies Produced From Moringa Oleifera Leaves on Haemoglobin Level in Students at Islamic Junior High School Miftahul Hayat, Serang, Banten
Authors:   Department of Nursing, School of Health Polytechnics, Banten, Sari Dewi Indah , Yulianti Afni ,   Department of Midwifery, School of Health Polytechnics, Banten, Wahyuni Ninik ,   Department of Midwifery, School of Health Polytechnics, Banten
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Anemia is very common in developing countries and is one of the most common complications of serious diseases. Based on the results of screening the Hb levels student at islamic junior high school Miftahul Hayat in 2018, it was found that 37 students had anemia. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cookies produced from moringa oleifera leaves on haemoglobin level in students at Islamic Junior High school Miftahul Hayat, Serang, Banten. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experimental. A sample of 37 students of MTS Miftahul Hayat, Serang, Banten and randomly allocated into two groups: intervention and control groups. The dependent variable was an increase in hemoglobin value. The independent variable was anemic student. The data were collected from checklist and analyzed using paired t- test. Results: The results of this study were obtained by respondents as many as 33 people because during the research process 4 people did not consume cookies produced from Moringa Oleifera leaves routinely for 14 days because they were sick so they were excluded from the study sample. Hb level before consume consume cookies produced from Moringa Oleifera leaves (Mean = 10.5 gr/ dl; SD= 0.56; p< 0.001). Hb level after consume cookies produced from Moringa Oleifera leaves (Mean= 13 gr/ dl; SD= 0.85). The difference in Hb levels (Mean = 2.5; SD = 0.88; p <0.001), and it was statically significant (p< 0.001) Conclusion: Consume cookies produced from Moringa Oleifera leaves is effective to improve haemoglobin levels in adolescent. Keywords: anemia, teenager, moringa oleifera leaves cookies Correspondence: Dewi Indah Sari. School of Health Polytechnics, Banten. Jl.Dr.Sitanala Kec.Neglasari Kota Tangerang. Email: dewi.indah@poltekkesbanten.ac.id Mobile:+6281906061400 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.28