bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body Shaping Through Aerobic Training in the Gym in Adult Women
Authors: Giurgiu Alexandra , Hanțiu Iacob
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT. Introduction. Regular physical activity has positive effects on human body composition, even if not combined with a diet. For many people this activity aims to reduce the amount of fat in some areas of the body and targets body shaping. Objectives. The main objective of this study was to learn about the effects of a 12-months regular participation in aerobic training exercises. Methods. This study was voluntarily attended by 89 women with an average age of 31.62, practicing aerobic exercises in gyms, three times a week for a period of 12 months. We carried out anthropometric measurements of subjects at the beginning and at end of the study, respectively, and data was statistically analysed using the SPSS 23.0 software. Results. Data collected was statistically processed, showing that participation in physical training led to reducing body weight by 4.81 kg, decrease of adipose tissue - between the two moments there was a difference of 5 % - fat mass decreased by 4.26 kg, and lean body mass by 0.55 kg. Significant decrease in chest, waist and hip circumference was also noticed. Conclusions. Regular participation in physical training programs involving aerobic exercise for 12 months has had the effect of reducing body weight and the amount of fat in some areas of the body, materialized by decreasing the value of the circumference of the chest, waist and hips, with the intention of reaching the ideal body weight and aiming for body shaping.
Optimizing the Physical Education Lessons for Harmonious Physical Development at Fourth Grade Students Through Dynamic Games
Authors: Prodea Cosmin , Blaga Nora Frida
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT. Education begins in the moment we are born and continues our entire lives having a crucial part during our school period. This a very important period of time because it is when a child develops forms itself and learns to be conscious that everything contributes to their development as human beings. The approaching methods are very diversified, but between the ages of 7-10 (primary level) are the most appropriate and very handy to complete these tasks. Two of these tasks have the main objectives to develop the motor qualities and the harmonious physical development of children. Through these active games, the objective of Physical Education is completed simultaneously, in an attractive manner, thus helping and shortening the development of these motor skills. The study has been conducted at Baia Sprie Gimnasium School, from Baia Sprie, Maramures county, with a total of forty fourth graders, between the ages of 9-10. The general preparation and result registration of the experiment took place in the school year of 2018-2019. All the tests and measurements were made rigorously during Physical Education lessons. At the beginning of the school year, in September, all the initial tests were made for both class groups. The final tests were carried out in May 1-25. The following research methods were used: observation, experiment, the mathematical and statistical method, the statistical mathematical method.
Tinjauan Mengenai Fisiologi Bursa Fabricius pada Ayam
Authors: Ismiraj Muhammad Rifqi
Published: January 2021

Bursa Fabricius merupakan salah satu organ yang penting dalam imunitas ayam. Telah dilaporkan sebelumnya bahwa pembentukan antibody pada ayam berlangsung secara intensif oleh sel B limfosit pada bursa Fabricius. Artikel tinjauan ini mengulas mengenai peran bursa Fabricius dalam tubuh ayam, perkembangannya selama masa embriogenesis, dan perkembangannya setelah masa penetasan. Selain itu, dibahas pula mengenai karakteristik immunoglobulin pada ayam beserta dengan peranannya dalam membangun imunitas tubuh ayam. Artikel tinjauan ini juga mengulas perbandingan antara mekanisme pembentukan antibodi pada ayam dengan hewan pengerat, primata, dan mamalia. Artikel tinjauan ini bertujuan untuk merekam dan menyarikan berbagai laporan hasil penelitian dalam cakupan fisiologi organ bursa Fabricius pada ayam.
LIVING QURAN MEMBANGUN INFRASTRUKTUR IBU KOTA NEGARA BARU REPUBLIK INDONESIA
Authors: . Syamsuri
Published: January 2021

The Living Quran is a study of the Koran as a holy book that is always "alive" to guide humans, in building and managing the universe. Al-Quran is the most noble reading, guiding the reader (reciter ') when carrying out individual, group, or state activities. Al-Quran is a manual book for humans to build infrastructure as the main capital for technological, industrial and economic strength.  Building infrastructure in the new capital city of the Republic of Indonesia, begins with zoning in East Kalimantan Province. The launching of the grandbreaking of development, as a prayer asking for grace from Allah SWT, so that work goes according to plan. Munajat is a blessing, in fact it is the living Quran in providing inspiration to project implementers. So that every time you face problems and challenges, there is always a way out (yaj'allahu makhrajan)
TIGA KONSEP PENDIDIKAN MENURUT AL-QUR'AN
Authors: . Mahani
Published: January 2021

This paper intends to describe three concepts of education according to the Qur'an which consist of ta'lim, ta'dib and tarbiyyah. Of course in the Koran these three words contain the meaning of education, but it needs to be emphasized that these words have their own meaning. This paper will reveal this by using a linguistic approach, the author will explain it comprehensively from various kinds of interpretations. The method used in this paper is the library research method or literature study. In conclusion, the concept of education according to the Koran is unique. The words at-tarbiyat, at-ta'lim, and at-ta'dib show a concept of education in these three concepts that complement each other and are included in educational goals that cannot be separated from one another.
DILEMA PENGGUNAAN SYI'IR JAHILIYYAH DALAM TAFSIR "Kajian Atas Pemikiran Thaha Husein"
Authors: Khobir Mohammad Azza Nasrul
Published: January 2021

This article exposes on Thaha Husain’s thoughts on the authenticity of the pre-Islamic poetry descriptively by investigating his arguments in his famous book Fi al-Syi’ri al-Jahili (On Pre-Islamic Poetry) which was then changed into Fi al-Adab al-Jahili (On Pre-Islamic Literature) with some revisions. This study mainly discusses the authenticity of the pre-Islamic poetry, its urgency in interpreting the Qur’an, and how the Qur’an views pre-Islam Arab society. It is revealed in the article that a lot of pre-Islamic poetry was not composed in the era of ignorance (Jahiliyah) by pre-Islamic Arab poet but by plagiarists in the era of Abbasiyah Empire for some purposes: political, religion, Qishshah and Hadith narrators. According to Thaha Husain, that a lot of the pre-Islamic poetry neither fit in with pre-Islam Arab nor describe objectively pre-Islam Arab society. It is sufficient to refer to the Qur’an, which certainly valid, to obtain objective descriptions of the pre-Islamic Arab society.
PANDANGAN ABDULLAH SAEED PADA KONSEP NASKH MANSUKH (ANALISIS SURAH AN-NUR AYAT 2)
Authors: Nasrullah Muhammad
Published: January 2021

The theory of naskh mansukh is still a debate between scholars regarding agreement and rejection. And among scholars who agree on the concept of nasikh mansukh in the Qur’an, each has their own criteria in determining the concept of nasikh. One of the scholars who agrees is Abdullah Saeed, a contemporary commentator who offers a new method of interpreting the Qur’an, namely the contextualist method. In this paper, researchers are interested in studying the concept of nasikh mansukh according to Saeed through the problems that occur in naskh mansukh Surah An-Nur verse 2. According to Abdullah Saeed, the concept of naskh mansukh gives a very logical idea that the applicable law may experience cancellation for the sake of fulfill the needs of the people due to different conditions and situations, if in the past the Qur'an was still decreasing then the solution from Allah to meet the needs of the people was to cancel the existing law by lowering new laws or nasikh mansukh, but now that the verses of the Qur’an have been coming down, it is to fulfill the needs ummah is by reciting the Qur’an. And Abdullah Saeed made naskh mansukh as a first step to contextualize the law of the Qur’an.
OKUL ÖNCESİ ÖĞRETMENLERİYLE YAPILAN GÖRÜŞMELERE GÖRE OKUL ÖNCESİ DÖNEMDE SOSYAL BECERİLERE İLİŞKİN ÇOK YÖNLÜ BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: AKSOY Pınar
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretmenlerin görüşlerine göre okul öncesi dönemde sosyal becerilere ilişkin çok yönlü bir değerlendirmenin yapılmasıdır. Çalışma tarama modelinde betimsel bir çalışmadır. Çalışmanın katılımcıları, Tokat ilinde yer alan anasınıflarında ve anaokullarında görev yapmakta olan 58 okul öncesi öğretmeninden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma verileri araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan yedi maddelik açık uçlu sorular eşliğinde yapılan yüz yüze görüşmelerle toplanmış ve frekans ile yüzde değerleri kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir Çalışma sonucunda, öğretmen görüşlerine göre çocukların en iyi olduğu sosyal becerinin yardım etme ve en çok yetersiz olduğu sosyal becerinin paylaşma olduğu belirlenmiştir. Okul öncesi dönem çocuklarına kazandırılması gereken sosyal becerilerin başında iletişimi başlatma ve sürdürme ile saygılı olmanın yer alması gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin sosyal beceri etkinliklerine yer verme sıklıklarının çok yeterli olmadığı, sosyal beceri eğitiminde drama, oyun ve hikâye yöntemini ağırlıklı kullandıkları ve sosyal beceri eğitimindeki güçlükler arasında daha çok aileye ilişkin olumsuz durumları vurguladıkları saptanmıştır. Okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin sosyal becerilere ilişkin teoriden uygulamaya bilgilerinin ve deneyimlerinin artırılmasına yönelik alan uzmanları eşliğinde eğitim hizmetlerinin sağlanması önerilmektedir.
Tourist Clusters as a Factor in Activating Cross-Border Spatial Development
Authors: Pirozhnik Ivan
Published: January 2021

Tourism is one of the factors of local economic development and cross-border cooperation on EU borders, reducing the risk of economic recession in those areas. The purpose of the article is to reveal trends in the development of cross-border tourism on the Polish-Belarusian border and to verify the following research issues: 1) whether the economic sanctions introduced by EU countries on Russia after 2014 reduced cross-border traffic on the Polish-Belarusian section of the EU border; 2) to what extent the tourist potential of the Polish-Belarusian region corresponds to the demand in the modern European market; 3) how the new visa-free travel mechanisms activate tourist markets; 4) to what extent tourism stimulates the development of new forms of urban growth in the cultural landscapes of the cross-border region. The process of shaping tourism clusters as a form of the spatial organisation of tourism development in cross-border regions was analysed using analytical and synthetic methods. The research area covers the eastern border of Poland on the section of its border with Belarus. The primary research and empirical materials were obtained from the Central Statistical Office of Poland and the Statistical Committee of Belarus on tourism on the eastern border of Poland in the years 2015–2018. An investigation of the subject literature and source documents, as well as field observations and statistical analyses, were carried out. Particular attention was paid to the creation of a visa-free regime region in the special tourist zones of “Brest” and “Grodno” in the border regions of Belarus.
Focus Group Interviews Employed in the Research Analysing Young Adults’ Behaviour on the Market of Alternative Means of City Transport
Authors: Szymańska Anna Irena
Published: January 2021

Shared transportation, directly corresponding to research on the sharing economy, is an important issue, directly linked with the issue of city transport, as well as that of alternative transport when analysed from a broader perspective. Forms of alternative city transport may be classified into two basic groups, different in terms of the manner in which they use their shared vehicles. It is either ride-sourcing or vehicle-sourcing (further broken down to car-sharing, bike-sharing and scooter-sharing). All the above-specified forms require access to a mobile app or a website and, consequently, some Internet and app-using skills, so it is obvious that they are predominantly used by young people. The fact prompted the author to research consumer behaviour in the sharing economy area among young people, who are regular users of the public transport available in Krakow. The research was conducted on a group of 96 respondents using qualitative method (FGI). The objective of the research was to identify the factors which determine some specific mobile behaviours in young adults in the area of alternative forms of the public transport, as well as identification of these forms of transport which are preferred and most popular among users. With all certainty, alternative forms of transport represent an attractive transportation offer addressed to young people, complementing the city transport system. Young people pointed to the particular importance of hedonistic factors prevailing n their choices, as they particularly appreciated reaching their destination in a fast, pleasant and comfortable anner, as well as the feeling of independence and freedom. However, alternative transport was certainly not hosen for reasons related to the environmental protection or economic aspects.
The role of the manufacturing industry in shaping the economic base and functions of urban settlements in Łódzkie Voivodeship (Poland)
Authors: May Jacek , Wiedermann Krzysztof , Śleszyński Przemysław
Published: January 2021

This research deals with the presence and potential of the manufacturing industry in the urban settlements of Łódzkie Voivodeship. Its cognitive goal is to recognise the present share of industry in the economic and functional base of those settlements that, as a result of the system transformation, underwent restructuring and deindustrialisation, and the shrinking of its economic base. The re-development of this base and functions, appropriate to the role of towns and cities in the settlement system, requires new paths and indicating them is the application objective of the research. The work is based on the theory of the economic base of settlements, using statistical and cartographic methods including ‘heat maps’ as well as ‘employment surplus’ and the Amemiya indicator. Studies have shown that both economic and industrial potential are concentrated in the urban settlements of the Łódź agglomeration but decrease especially towards the south and south-east, and that traditional sectors still dominate. Despite intensive deindustrialisation, industry still plays a significant role in the economic base and functions of most small and medium towns of the voivodeship, as well as parts of some large urban settlements. Further economic development, and the role in it of small and medium towns depends on their further industrialisation or re-industrialisation, while of large and medium urban centres – on knowledge-based services.
Innovativeness of the Polish industry in the context of changes in the spatial differentiation of innovativeness in new EU member states
Authors: Brezdeń Paweł
Published: January 2021

The paper addresses the issue of spatial differentiation in the level of industrial innovativeness in new EU member states from 2008 to 2017, with a particular focus on Poland. The purpose of the study is to attempt to describe changes in the spatial patterns of innovativeness in new EU member states (so-called EU13) and to indicate the position of Poland against the EU13 by using simple vector calculus. The period of analysis resulted from the availability of data. The paper presents matters related to the innovative activities of industrial enterprises and research and development (R&D) in Poland and other new EU member states. Selected features of innovativeness are shown as a relationship between expenditure and effect. The research confirms that the spatial pattern of industrial innovativeness in the EU13 significantly varies spatially between states. It is noteworthy that in the analysed period, the level of innovativeness in the Polish economy was relatively low compared to all EU countries as well as among the EU13. Moreover, the high growth figures obtained by Poland in most of the analysed features related to industrial innovativeness deserve to be emphasised. In 2008–2017 spatial differences in expenditure on R&D in the sector of industrial enterprises as well as their effects were highly stable.
Upadłość jako instytucja gospodarki rynkowej
Authors: Tokarski Andrzej , Matuszak Marek
Published: January 2021

Upadłość to jedna z najważniejszych instytucji gospodarki rynkowej. Działająca prawidłowo zapewnia efektywną alokację środków produkcji i ochronę wierzycieli. Pojęcie instytucji jest wieloznaczne. W niniejszym artykule przedstawione zostanie znaczenie tego terminu w rozumieniu nadawanym mu zarówno w tzw. nowej ekonomii instytucjonalnej, jak i w znaczeniu tradycyjnym. Instytucje upadłości obejmują nie tylko regulacje prawne określające obowiązujące procedury, lecz także cały aparat zapewniający osiąganie celów postępowań upadłościowych, na który składają się sędziowie orzekający w sprawach upadłościowych, syndycy zarządzający masą upadłości, nadzorcy sądowi i zarządcy, jak również w znaczeniu szerszym, nawiązującym do nowej ekonomii instytucjonalnej, zakorzenione w danym społeczeństwie „podejście” do zjawiska upadłości przedsiębiorstw. Upadłość przedsiębiorstw stanowi nieodłączny dla gospodarki rynkowej mechanizm selekcji nieefektywnych podmiotów gospodarczych. W tym znaczeniu upadłość przedsiębiorstw uznawać można za zjawisko pozytywne i potrzebne, co jednak nie oznacza, że upadłość nie pociąga za sobą również szeregu negatywnych konsekwencji. Tak więc problemem jest nie samo zjawisko upadłości, lecz sposób zorganizowania szeroko rozumianej sfery infrastruktury instytucjonalnej, od której w dużej mierze zależą charakter, skuteczność i zakres zarówno pozytywnych, jak i negatywnych następstw praktycznie dla wszystkich stron (interesariuszy, uczestników) procesów upadłościowych. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych problemów instytucji upadłości w warunkach polskiej gospodarki rynkowej na podstawie obowiązujących w tym zakresie do 2015 r. regulacji prawnych. Przy pisaniu artykułu wykorzystane zostały dwie podstawowe metody badawcze: analiza danych zastanych, tzn. obowiązujących przepisów prawa dotyczących upadłości przedsiębiorstw w Polsce, oraz analiza literatury przedmiotu dotyczącej instytucji upadłości.
Społeczne i gospodarcze aspekty rozwoju turystyki narciarskiej
Authors: Krzesiwo Kinga
Published: January 2021

Rozwój ośrodków narciarskich jest najważniejszym czynnikiem rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego niektórych krajów i regionów górskich. Przyczynia się do wzrostu demograficznego oraz poprawy jakości usług i infrastruktury w miejscowościach górskich, jest ważnym źródłem zatrudnienia i dochodów mieszkańców, a także kreuje tzw. psychologiczną stabilność osób zamieszkujących te tereny. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest ukazanie, na podstawie danych uzyskanych z Banku Danych Lokalnych GUS, wpływu rozwoju ośrodków narciarskich na rozwój społeczno-gospodarczy 16 gmin, na terenie których leżą największe stacje narciarskie polskich Karpat. Pod względem społecznym i gospodarczym badane gminy są znacznie zróżnicowane. Przejawia się to m.in. w saldzie migracji, poziomie bezrobocia i przedsiębiorczości, a także w strukturze podmiotów gospodarczych. W zdecydowanie najkorzystniejszej sytuacji znajdują się te gminy, w których turystyka narciarska odgrywa istotną rolę w strukturze ich funkcji turystycznej. Są to przede wszystkim gminy położone w Beskidzie Śląskim i na Podhalu. Charakteryzują się one przeważnie dodatnim saldem migracji, niższym poziomem bezrobocia niż średni poziom dla Polski i wyższym od średniego poziomem przedsiębiorczości. Odwrotne cechy wykazują natomiast gminy słabiej zagospodarowane dla narciarstwa, leżące w Beskidzie Żywieckim, Beskidzie Sądeckim, Pieninach i Bieszczadach.
Causes and Characteristics of Professional Mobility for Teachers in Morocco, Case of secondary School Teachers Who Have Chosen to Become Educational Guidance Counselors
Authors: Abderrazak Faiq  , Brahim Darraj  , Azzeddine Atibi  , Mohamed Radid
Published: January 2021

When it comes to changing one's profession after a several years of professional experience in a given field, It must be admitted that the person who adopts this approach is very persevering in the quest for self-realization. Thus, the search for improvement of the working environment and its conditions are often behind this type of choice. To try to understand this phenomenon of professional mobility, we conducted a study that concerning 1st cycle secondary school teachers who became guidance counselors and we focus on two parameters concerning this population: the causes that led them make this choice, and their socio-cultural characteristics (entry profiles). This information was collected via a questionary administered to all active guidance counselors. The results of this research led us to conclude a review of the flow of national education staff and to highlight the lack of professionals for certain subjects taught.
Establishment of Causal Attribution as A Regulatory Strategy for Teaching and Learning
Authors: Maziane Brahim  , Belaaouad Said  , Benmokhtar Said
Published: January 2021

The theme of causal attribution has generated a great deal of work and focuses on the factors to which people attribute their behavior. However, its use to explain the results of the evaluation and the support for the regulation of teaching and learning acts has rarely been raised. Indeed, in the evaluation act, which is a privileged moment for reframing the learning process, teachers attribute the results obtained to the student himself, without worrying about the factors to which the student attribute itself these failures. This can distort the regulatory process and increase failure factors. The teacher's attributions of failure often relate to the results of the evaluations and are often explained by factors external to him: such as the lack of commitment of the students, their incompetence and their degree of understanding. and these are internal factors for the student. The aim of this presentation is to show that: the regulation of the teaching and learning act should not only focus on the results of the evaluation but also on the factors to which the student himself attributes his own failure. Involving the student in the teaching act must also involve his involvement in the evaluation and regulation process.
Sport experience and the symbolism of the body. Story of a student´s initial training | Experiencia deportiva e imaginario corporal. Relato de una alumna en formación inicial
Authors: Prados Megías María Esther , Maldonado Mora Bella Aurelia
Published: January 2021

ResumenLas experiencias que tienen jóvenes deportistas a lo largo de su trayectoria deportiva y educativa van dando sentido y significado al modo en cómo éstos, como futuros profesionales del campo de las ciencias de la actividad física y el deporte, van construyendo diferentes concepciones de la motricidad humana. Desde el enfoque de la investigación biográfica narrativa profundizamos en el relato de Glissade, alumna en formación inicial que ha desarrollado su trayectoria deportiva en el mundo de la Gimnasia Rítmica. El objetivo de este trabajo es indagar en algunas de las representaciones del modelo corporal y los aspectos emocionales-relacionales que constituyen la identidad deportiva de esta mujer y cómo ello está presente en su formación inicial. El relato de Glissade nos acerca a dos cuestiones: las tensiones entre su cuerpo de mujer y las exigencias del deporte que practica, ambos sujetos a cánones tradicionales sobre lo bello/estético y los aprendizajes emocionales que están presentes en su práctica deportiva. Este trabajo evidencia la importancia de visibilizar y conocer la experiencia de las personas desde su propia voz, ya que ello permite reflexionar sobre creencias, pensamientos y modelos que persisten en los procesos de formación inicial de futuros profesionales de la educación física y el deporte.AbstractThe experiences that young sportsmen and women have throughout their sporting and educational careers are giving meaning and significance to the way in how they, as future professionals in the field of physical activity and sports sciences, are building different conceptions of human motricity. From the focus of biographical narrative research, we delved into the story of Glissade, a student in initial training who has developed her sports career in the world of Rhythmic Gymnastics. The aim of this work is to investigate the representations of the body model and the emotional-relational aspects that constitute the sports identity of this woman and how this is present in her initial training. Glissade´s story brings us closer to two questions: the tensions between her body as a woman and the demands of a sport she plays, both are subject to traditional canons of beauty/aesthetics and the emotional learnings that are present in their sports practice. This work shows the importance of making visible and knowing the experience of people from their own voice, since this allows reflection on beliefs, thoughts and models that persist in the processes of initial training of future professionals in physical education and sport.
Physical activity level in students regarding age, gender, sport and motivational climate | Nivel de actividad física en estudiantes en función de la edad, el género, tipo de deporte practicado y su orientación motivacional
Authors: Sánchez-Alcaraz Bernardino Javier , Murcia Gálvez Sonia , Alfonso Asencio Manuel , Hellín Martínez Marta
Published: January 2021

ResumenEl objetivo del trabajo es conocer el nivel de actividad física y la orientación motivacional en función del género, la edad y el tipo de deporte practicado en estudiantes. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 285 estudiantes (150 chicos y 135 chicas), con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 18 años (edad media = 14.85 ± 3.42), a los que se les administraron los cuestionarios Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise y Goal Orientation in Exercise Scale. Los resultados mostraron que, el nivel de práctica de actividad física en los estudiantes es medio-bajo, siendo significativamente superior en los chicos que las chicas y disminuyendo con el aumento de la edad. Además, los practicantes de deportes colectivos mostraron niveles de actividad física más elevados que los practicantes de deportes individuales. Respecto a la orientación motivacional, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en función de la edad, el género y del deporte. Sin embargo, los chicos mostraron valores significativamente superiores de orientación al ego. Además, se encontró una asociación positiva y significativa entre la orientación hacia la tarea y el nivel de actividad física. Este trabajo supone una información útil para que el profesorado de Educación Física promueva estrategias motivacionales para incrementar los niveles de actividad física en los estudiantes.AbstractThe aim of this study is to know the level of physical activity and motivational orientation based on gender, age and the type of sport practiced in students. Sample was made up of a total of 285 students (150 boys and 135 girls), ages between 11 and 18 years (mean age = 14.85 ± 3.42 years), who were administered the questionnaires Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise y Goal Orientation in Exercise Scale. The results showed that the level of practice of physical activity in students is medium-low, which is significantly higher in boys than in girls, and decreases significantly with increasing the age. In addition, collective sports practitioners have higher levels of physical activity than individual sports practitioners. Regarding motivational orientation, no significant differences were found based on gender, age and type of sport. However, boys showed higher values of ego orientation than girls. Furthermore, a positive and significant association is found between task orientation and physical activity level. This work is very useful information for the Physical Education teachers to promote motivational strategies to increase the levels of physical activity in the students.
Możliwości wykorzystania w kosmetologii wybranych olejów roślinnych jako źródła karotenoidów
Authors: Michalak Monika , Paradowska Katarzyna , Zielińska Agnieszka
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Plant oils, due to the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, which have a positive effect on the condition of the skin, are widely used in cosmetology. Some of them are also used as a rich source of carotenoids, plant dyes, which enjoy unmatched interest of cosmetics manufacturers because of their properties (color, physiological activity). Aim. The aim of the study was to compare the total carotenoid content, including β-carotene, in selected plant oils applied in cosmetology. Material and methods. The carotenoid content in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.), marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) and pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.) was determined by UV/VIS spectrophotometry and HPLC methods. Results. The tested plant oils have a different content of plant dyes. In terms of total carotenoid content, including β-carotene, they can be arranged as follows: sea buckthorn oil > carrot oil > marigold oil > pumpkin seed oil. Conclusions. The results of this study show that the tested plant oils, especially sea buckthorn oil, can be used in cosmetic formulations as a source of carotenoids, including β-carotene.
Zróżnicowanie zawartości manganu w soku drzewnym brzozowym w profilu czasu
Authors: Bilek Maciej , Szwerc Wojciech , Sosnowski Stanisław , Kocjan Ryszard
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Birch tree sap is an increasingly popular food product. Its nutritional and health properties are primarily related to the high content of selected minerals. The concentration of manganese in birch sap make it one of the richest sources of this element. But the determining factor for manganese nutritional benefits is both the collection sites and the individual, from which the sap is collected. At the same time it is noted that the content of other minerals fluctuations in the time profile, which also determines the nutritional benefits. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the time-related variability of the manganese content in birch tree sap and interpretation of the results from the nutritional benefits point of view. Material and methods. The tree sap was collected from three individuals of white birch for sixteen consecutive days (February 28-March 15, 2015). The manganese content was determined by the Electrothermal Technique of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Results. For the sixteen measurements, the mean manganese concentration for birch No. 1 was 0.21 ± 0.08, for birch No. 2 – 1.07 ± 0.38, and for birch No. 3 – 0.81 ± 0.16 mg/l, thus, the scattering of the time-related concentrations was similar to those previously found for other minerals. In terms of nutritional benefits, this means a variation in Adequate Intake ranging from 3.8 to 12.7%, from 15.3 to 62.5%, and from 18 to 35.3%, respectively. It was also found that concentrations of manganese in the sap of examined individuals recorded in 2015 were similar to those found for the sap taken from the same trees in the previous year. Conclusions. Taking into account the previously identified interindividual variation and differentiation between collection sites, as well as time-related variability of manganese content shown in this paper, it should be noted that the tree sap collecting procedures should take into account the use of several individuals and combining the obtained sap in order to obtain certain nutritional and health benefits.
Wrażliwość bakterii beztlenowych na olejek anyżowy (Oleum anisi)
Authors: Kędzia Anna , Kędzia Andrzej W.
Published: January 2021

Introduction. Anise (Pimpinella anisum L.) belong to Apiaceae family. The plant is distributed in China, Iran, Indie and America. The fruits green' lanceoled leaves, white flowers and green-yellow seeds. The fruits are used to produce an essential oils. The anise oil is widely used in folk medicine, food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The fruits consists of 6-30% volatile oil. Its the major components are trans-anethole, estragol, eugenol, linalool, α-terpineol, cis-anethole, anisaldehyde, coumarins, methylchavikol, scopoletin, umbelliferone, estrols and polyacetylenes. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of anise oil against anaerobic bacteria isolated from oral cavity and upper respiratory tract. Material and methods. A total 54 strains of anaerobic bacteria and 8 standards strains from genera Porphyromonas, Prevotella, Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Fusobacterium, Tannerella, Finegoldia, Peptostreptococcus, Actinomyces, Propionibacterium, Bifidobacterium and 8 standards strains Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica ATCC 29743, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius ATCC 27337, Fusobacterium nucleatum ATCC 25586, Finegoldia magna ATCC 29328, Parabacteroides distasonis ATCC 8503, Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827 and Actinomyces odontolyticus ATCC 17929 were investigated. The susceptibility (MIC) was determined by the two-fold of plate dilution method in Brucella agar supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood, menadione and hemin. The inoculum containing 106 CFU/spot was seeded with Steers replicator upon the surface of agar containing testing oil and free oil (the strains growth control). Incubation the plates was performed in anaerobic conditions in anaerobic jars with 10% CO2 , 10% H2 and 80% N2 . The MIC was considered to be the last dilution that did not bacterial colonial growth. Results. The results showed, that the most susceptible to oils from Gram-negative anaerobes were the strains of Tannerella forsythia (MIC 0.5-< 0.12 mg/ml), Fusobacterium necrophorum, Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides uniformis (MIC = 25 mg/ml). The strains from genus of Prevotella bivia and Parabacteroides distasonis were the lowest sensitive. The growth of the strains was inhibited by concentration > 2.0 mg/ml. The anise oil was more active against Gram-positive rods and cocci then Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. Conclusions. The anise oil was very active against all bacterial strains tested. The most susceptible to oil was the strains from genus Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacteria necrophorum, Bacteroides vulgatus and Bacteroides uniformis. The Gram-positive-rods and cocci was more susceptible to anise oil then anaerobic Gram-negative rods.
The importance of the Polish pharmaceutical market for the economy
Authors: Pogorzelczyk Katarzyna , Gallas Marta , Robakowska Marlena , Żuratyński Przemysław , Jałtuszewska Sylwia , Ślęzak Daniel
Published: January 2021

The pharmaceutical market is one of the most developed sectors of the global economy at present. The largest pharmaceutical companies flexibly are shaping business models, giving up the consolidation and incorporations for forming diversified organizations concentrated on special fields, restructuring one's research-developmental centres. And so analysis of legislative acts, as well as reports and financial statements of the Polish pharmaceutical industry is a purpose of the work – with the pressure on his development, the production, the sale and planned action with reference to the national economy. Contents and materials, based on which they made following analysis, were based above all on data received directly from pharmacies and pharmaceutical companies. Research methods concentrated on the literature review and an own statistical analysis and descriptive.
Long-term results of generalized periodontitis treatment among 2nd year medical university students with increased level of emotional sensitivity
Authors: Pavliuk Tetiana
Published: January 2021

Introduction. In recent years, psychosocial factors, mental ex- haustion and stress have been considered by experts from WHO and the International Labor Organization as an important factor affecting the health of young people all over the world. The high level of psycho-emotional stress associated with information overload, the acceleration of life pace, unfavorable learning conditions, contributes to the increase in the prevalence of periodontal tissue diseases. Aim. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of long-term usage of the nootropic drug “Noofen” in complex treatment of generalized periodontitis among 2nd year medical university students with increased level of emotional sensitivity. Material and methods. 70 students with initial-I stage generalized periodontitis and increased and high levels of emotional sensitivity were observed. Clinical indices PMA, BI, OHI-S and the level of MDA and SOD in saliva were detected. Results. All data of clinical indices (PMA, BI, OHI-S) and prooxidant-antioxidant system state (MDA and SOD) was improved after treatment in both groups (p < 0.001), despite that I group results in a long-term, where advanced treatment was performed, was much more better than in II group (p < 0.001). Conclusions. As a result of treatment we obtained significantly better results in group, where improved treatment was used. It is confirmed by long-term stabilization of clinical trials and biochemical parameters of oral fluid.
Animals' rescue as an essential essential factor of success of an evacuation process in disasters
Authors: Pasławski Robert , Zyśko Dorota , Pasławska Urszula
Published: January 2021

Factors that complicate the evacuation process include the presence of children, elders and animals – especially when there are many animals of different species. Owners often refuse to evacuate if their animals cannot be transported with them. This is becoming a growing problem, given that many people own animals, e.g. 50% of Americans own pets. In Poland, in the case of incidents or disaster, the evacuation operation is managed by the first-arriving emergency services or provincial crisis management centres. The obligation concern exclusively humans, but no animals. In the case of disasters, the state veterinary services are not obliged to protect the animals on site unless they pose a threat to human health. These services focus on food safety, preventing transmission of infectious diseases and attending to sick animals. However, it seems that veterinary services should be more involved in the planning and implementation of the emergency evacuation process. Help from veterinarians can increase the efficiency of the evacuation process and the number of people and animals evacuated. In recent years, this issue has become increasingly important because societies are threatened not only by natural disasters, but also by international terrorism.
EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS CUSTOMERS� SOPHISTICATION IN YOLA, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA.
Authors: Daneji Bashir Ahmad , Hamidu Ahmad Aminu , Abubakar Adamu Magaji , Mahmoud Mahmoud Ahmad
Published: January 2021

Purpose � the purpose of this paper to investigate customer sophistication of deposit money banks in Yola, Adamawa state, Nigeria.Design/methodology/approach � this study adopts the quantitative survey method with a sample of 375 deposit money banks customers from Yola metropolis using purposive sampling technique. Similarly, PLS-SEM approach was used in data analysis to confirm validity of the model and subsequently analyze the structural model for obtaining the path analysis.Findings � Relationship between search orientation, and market experience are approximately equal in terms of positive strength, while innovativeness of customers emerged as the least in terms of strength in positive relationship. Customers are therefore less innovative when it comes to general knowledge and experience in evaluating the prospects of different options. Brand value orientation is also a strong determinant of customer sophistication because respondents are more attached to brands they are more familiar with than taking brand of services that are new and becoming more risk averse. Customer sophistication in general to the respondents indicates moderate satisfaction with services and low self-image and esteem.Practical implications � customers are less sophisticated because they lack innovativeness and stick to brand value orientation, they don�t realize full satisfaction, self-image and attainment of self-esteem as an experienced customer. Therefore, deposit money banks need to consider the findings of this study to improve customer sophistication.Originality/value � this study is the first of its kind in the contest of the study.
TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP INFLUENCE AND CORPORATE CULTURE ON PERFORMANCE (PERCEPTIONAL STUDY OF BJB SYARIAH BANK EMPLOYEES IN SUMEDANG SUB-BRANCH OFFICE)
Authors: Pratami Eggi Indriani
Published: January 2021

BJB Syariah Bank is ranked sixth out of all Syariah Banks in Indonesia. To get good performance, BJB Syariah Bank KCP Sumedang, requires high quality of human resources, because humans are the most important asset for achieving the goals of the company. Companies must be able to develop their employees to become quality employees and can improve their performance for the development of the company.������� The research method uses quantitative methods. In this research, the writer uses the descriptive method. Furthermore, the data collection techniques obtained from primary data and secondary data, primary data sources were obtained through interviews, observations and questionnaires distributed to 13 respondents who are employees of BJB Syariah Bank Sub-Branch Office of Sumedang. While the secondary data obtained from literature, books, journals and other sources. Then arranged systematically and analyzed according to the existing theories, so it can be formulated for the steps to test the truth of the proposed hypothesis.��������� Statistical calculations on transformational leadership variables, company culture and employee performance using multiple regression obtained beta coefficients of transformational leadership on performance at 0.637, corporate culture on performance at 0.157. The results of the simultaneous influence of transformational leadership and company culture on employee performance is 0.535, which means that the coefficient of determination is 53.50%, it means that the employees� performance is influenced by transformational leadership factors and company culture by 53.50% and the rest is influenced by other factors. From the description above, it can be concluded that the hypothesis proposed by the writer can be accepted.
Impact of After-Sales Service on Customers� Retention of Mobile Telecommunications in Nigeria
Authors: Oladapo Fasanmi Olumuyiwa
Published: January 2021

The idea of after-sales services has been adopted globally to provide the consumers after the product or services rendered. The study explored the impact of after-sales services on customers� retention of mobile telecommunication in Nigeria. Survey research was adopted, and the aim of using this design is premised on the fact that the study relied on obtaining information from the field using a questionnaire. The population consist of all the subscribers of MTN, Globacom, Airtel and 9mobile. Four hundred seventy-two (472) subscribers of mobile networks were proportionally drawn from the NCC website. Subsequently, a simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents from each of the mobile networks. Data collected were analysed using an application of simple percentage method in computer software packages (SPSS), and the regression analysis adopted by the testing of a reported hypothesis. The regression of [t-statistics] value of .01 and [2.63] demonstrates that the relationship between after-sale service and retention of customers is essential because the alpha level of 0.05 is higher than the p-value. Hence, the assumption is that growth in after-sales activities is a significant contributor to customer retention. Management should pay attention to the employee position to the quality of after-sales service, which results in future procurement and further recommendations.
La domesticación del infinito: las matemáticas en Lautréamont, entre lo discreto y lo continuo
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca (España), Cheguhem Riani Mauricio
Published: January 2021

The literature of Isidore Ducasse is crossed by the knowledge that has monopolized the scientific thought of the nineteenth century. However, mathematics stands as an inexhaustible source of knowledge from its quest or domestication of infinity. However, the domestication of infinity indicated does not mean to annul or repeal this mathematical problem of philosophical importance, but to raise awareness of the active role of literature for apprehending, questioning and projecting scientific knowledge over the cultural and epistemological framework. Ducasse’s writing makes of this epistemological problem the gordian knot where mathematics, metaphysics and poetry intersect. For this reason, the present article aims to analyze the influence of mathematics in its literature, the metaphor of the sea as a sign of infinity, the poetic view that runs between the discrete and the continuous and the transfinite and infinitesimal mathematics under the sign of Proteo, God of logos and number.
La prosa científica de Pierre Teilhard de Chardin como texto sonoro: límites y cobordismos
Authors:   Universidad de Oviedo (España), Cureses Marta
Published: January 2021

Artistic creation during the avant-garde years transgressed the traditional delimitation between forms and genres. René Thom’s cobordisms theory, a model of varieties sharing a common one, helps us in explaining the process for raising a scientific statement into a literary condition. At the border of poetry and sciencie, we consider here as an example González Acilu’s composition Dilatación fonética, a work written during his years in Paris, on a French text by Pierre Teilhard de Chardin.
La neurohermenéutica de la sospecha. Una aproximación teórica
Authors:   Universitá degli Studi di Catania (Italia), Gambino Renata , Pulvirenti Grazia ,   Universitá degli Studi di Catania (Italia)
Published: January 2021

In this paper we draw back to Ricoeur’s hermeneutics of suspicion, considered as an act of mistrustful interpretation based on intersubjectivity and aiming at disclosing la-tent and hidden meanings in the literary text. In our opinion Ricoeur’s theoretical frame is relevant for present-day neurocognitive studies about literature, with regard to the issues of embodiment, bodily simulation and interpretation of textual latent meanings hidden beyond the manifest ones. Ricoeur’s practice of suspicion is one of the two poles of our present inquiry about literary text, while the second is our neurohermeneutic approach. In the perspective of what we here define as neurohermeneutics of suspicion, the reader be-comes an interpreter, questioning the text with regard to its multilayered surface features as marking inferential clues unveiling secondary meanings. The meaning-making process depends on a creative act of the reader’s imagination embodying the mental (re)construction of the situation described by a text. Therefore, suspicious interpreting does not rely in either the text, the author, the reader or the cultural and cognitive context, but in their complex and dynamic relationship, pivoting around the common embodied faculties of being a human. We claim that particularly in the postcritical venture, Ricoeur’s hermeneutics, may be helpful in refiguring the pleasure of deciphering the fic-tional worlds of literature, challenging the reader to “play” with the literary text intended as a terra incognita of inexhaustible multiple meanings.