bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Polis to Empire--The Ancient World, c. 800 B.C. - A.D. 500
Authors: Traver Andrew G.
Published: April 2024

Covering the very beginnings of Western civilization, this biographical dictionary introduces readers to the great cultural figures of the ancient world, including those who contributed significantly to architecture, astronomy, history, literature, mathematics, philosophy, painting, sculpture, and theology. While focusing on great cultural figures of the Mediterranean basin, such as Homer, Sophocles, and Aristophanes, the volume also includes those who impinged on Greco-Roman Civilization such as Hannibal Barca and King Darius of Persia. Showing how the era's intellectual milieu was interwoven with its political agenda, the book also includes entries on major political and military figures, pointing to their cultural as well as their political contributions. With 480 entries, the book is an excellent basic reference for students seeking an understanding of the ancient world.

Going from polis to empire, the years from 800 BC to AD 500 include the archaic period of the eastern Mediterranean, the Greek classical period, the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars, and Rome's evolution from a republic to an empire dominating the entire Western world. A Jewish carpenter, living at the edge of the Roman Empire, preached a message with profound implications for the Roman State and Western religion. Providing a quick and easy reference to people who lived in this world, this book profiles the men and women who contributed to the development, growth, and culture of Western civilization. Most of the subjects were native to the Mediterranean basin, including Asia Minor, Greece, Italy, southern Gaul, Spain, North Africa, and Phoenicia, but the book also includes important Persians, Celts, Germanic peoples, and Huns. The book provides valuable background information for anyone interested in the birth of Western culture.
Healthy Herbs
Authors: Goldstein Myrna Chandler , Goldstein Mark A.
Published: April 2024

Consolidating unbiased, peer-reviewed information from many sources, this book provides a one-stop resource on the use and health benefits of 50 different herbs.

While the use of herbs and herbal supplements seem an attractive alternate to man-made therapies, such use is often inspired by anecdotal evidence rather than sound clinical research. Healthy Herbs: Fact versus Fiction examines the health claims associated with 50 popular herbs and coalesces the clinical findings on these natural substances. This useful resource examines the history and use of herbs and will ultimately help readers make informed decisions regarding these natural therapies.

The findings in the book are culled from credible sources such as international, peer-reviewed journals, providing nomenclature, history, common usage, effectiveness, and additional suggested reading on selected herbs and herbal supplements. Rather than advocating for or against alternative medicine or herb use, the book provides authoritative, unbiased, and evidence-based information so the health conscious can make informed decisions for themselves.
Historical Dictionary of American Propaganda
Authors: Manning Martin J. , Romerstein Herbert
Published: April 2024

From the French and Indian War in 1754, with Benjamin Franklin's Join or Die cartoon, to the present war in Iraq, propaganda has played a significant role in American history. The Historical Dictionary of American Propaganda provides more than 350 entries, focusing primarily on propaganda created by the U.S. government throughout its existence. Two specialists, one a long-time research librarian at the U.S. Information Agency (the USIA) and the State Department's Bureau of Diplomacy, and the other a former USIA Soviet Disinformation Officer, Martin J. Manning and Herbert Romerstein bring a profound knowledge of official U.S. propaganda to this reference work. The dictionary is further enriched by a substantial bibliography, including films and videos, and an outstanding annotated list of more than 105 special collections worldwide that contain material important to the study of U.S. propaganda.

Students, researchers, librarians, faculty, and interested general readers will find the Historical Dictionary of American Propaganda an authoritative ready-reference work for quick information on a wide range of events, publications, media, people, government agencies, government plans, organizations, and symbols that provided mechanisms to promote America's interests, both abroad and domestically, in peace and in war. Almost all entries conclude with suggestions for further research, and the topically arranged bibliography provides a further comprehensive listing of important resources, including films and videos.
Historical Dictionary of the Great Depression, 1929-1940
Authors: Olson James S.
Published: April 2024

Today when most Americans think of the Great Depression, they imagine desperate hoboes riding the rails in search of work, unemployed men selling pencils to indifferent crowds, bootleggers hustling illegal booze to secrecy-shrouded speakeasies, FDR smiling, or Judy Garland skipping along the yellow brick road. Hard times have become an abstraction. But there was a time when economic suffering was real, when hunger stalked the land, and Americans tried to forget their troubles in movie theaters or in front of a radio.

From the stock market crash of October 1929 to Germany's invasion of Norway, France, and the Low Countries in 1940, the Great Depression blanketed the world economy. Its impact was particularly deep and direct in the United States. This was the era when the federal government became a major player in the national economy and Americans bestowed the responsibility for maintaining full employment and stable prices on Congress and the White House, making the Depression years a major watershed in U.S. history. In more than 500 essays, this book provides a ready reference to those hard times, covering the diplomacy, popular culture, intellectual life, economic problems, public policy issues, and prominent individuals of the era.
A Historical Dictionary of the U.S. Merchant Marine and Shipping Industry
Authors: Pedraja René De La
Published: April 2024

A foremost authority has written the first comprehensive reference about the U.S. Merchant Marine and American shipping from the introduction of steamships to today's diesel containerships--showing the impact of politics, economics, and technology on maritime history during the last two centuries. Over 500 entries describe people, private companies, business and labor groups, engineering and technological developments, government agencies, terms, key laws, landmark cases, issues, events, and ships of note. Short lists of references for further reading accompany these entries. Appendices include a chronology, diagrams of government organizations, and lists of business and labor groups by founding dates. An unusually extensive index lends itself to the varying research interests of students, teachers, and professionals in maritime and economic history, business-labor-government relations, and military studies.
The Industrial Revolution
Authors: Horn Jeff
Published: April 2024

Through this book's roughly 50 reference entries, readers will gain a better appreciation of what life during the Industrial Revolution was like and see how the United States and Europe rapidly changed as societies transitioned from an agrarian economy to one based on machines and mass production.

The Industrial Revolution remains one of the most transformative events in world history. It forever changed the economic landscape and gave birth to the modern world as we know it. The content and primary documents within The Industrial Revolution: History, Documents, and Key Questions provide key historical background of the Industrial Revolution in Europe and the United States, enable students to gain unique insights into life during the period, and allow readers to perceive the similarities to developments in society today with ongoing advances in current science and technology.

Roughly 50 reference entries provide essential information about the most important people and developments related to the Industrial Revolution, including Richard Arkwright, coal, colonialism, cotton, the factory system, pollution, railroads, and the steam engine. Each entry provides information that gives readers a sense of the importance of the topic within a historical and societal perspective. For example, the coverage of movements during the Industrial Revolution explains the origin of each, including when it was established, and by whom; its significance; and the social context in which the movement was formed. Each entry cites works for further reading to help users learn more about specific topics.
ISIS
Authors: Steed Brian L.
Published: April 2024

This illuminating work offers readers a comprehensive overview of ISIS, with more than 100 in-depth articles on a variety of topics related to the notorious terrorist group, and more than a dozen key primary source documents.

ISIS formed through a combination of a rise in violent extremist ideologies demonstrated on September 11, 2001; the invasion of Iraq; and the Syrian Civil War. ISIS is possibly the most important conflict group and phenomena of the last half century, and understanding its source and success is crucial to functioning in the world today. This book provides insight into ISIS from its beginnings to the present, through coverage of its people, organizations, and operations.

The book begins with an overview of ISIS, which provides context for each of the reference entries that follow. The introductory material also includes entries on the causes and consequences of the conflict between ISIS and the West. The book contains more than 100 reference entries on general and specific topics ranging from key leaders to major terrorist attacks and affiliated organizations. It also includes a carefully curated selection of primary sources that come from a variety of sources including national-level strategy documents, presidential addresses, and ISIS itself. The book concludes with a detailed chronology and annotated bibliography.
Jamestown Colony
Authors: Grizzard   Jr. Frank E. , Smith Daniel Boyd
Published: April 2024

Jamestown Colony is an authoritative and thorough treatment of all aspects of life in Jamestown, the first successful British colony in the New World.

Four centuries after its founding, Jamestown has become the stuff of movies, legend, and tourism. This important work treats the reality behind the legends—Pocahontas, John Rolfe, Powhatan, John Smith, and others—and puts the stories into a broader context. More than 250 A–Z entries detail the colonial strategies, military considerations, political realities, and personal privations that went into the creation of the first enduring beachhead in the British effort to colonize the New World.

Based on primary sources and ongoing archaeological work, this book is the most comprehensive look at life in Jamestown. The reader will find detailed scholarship on all the familiar names along with the stories of the lesser known, told in their own words when possible. Published in the quadricentennial of Jamestown's founding, this solid reference is an invaluable resource for the student and history buff.
A Mickey Spillane Companion
Authors: Gale Robert L.
Published: April 2024

At one time, Mickey Spillane had authored seven of the top ten bestsellers in history, and may have been the most widely read author in the world. Spillane masterful storytelling grabs his readers with his first paragraph and leads them spellbound toward his climax. Along with Dashiell Hammett, Raymond Chandler, and Ross Macdonald, he remains one of America's greatest mystery writers. This book is a convenient guide to his works.

An opening chronology lists the chief events in his life and career. The bulk of the volume presents several hundred alphabetically arranged entries on his writings. Lengthier entries summarize the plots of his works, including I, the Jury; My Gun Is Quick; Vengeance Is Mine!; and The Long Wait. Shorter entries identify his numerous characters, including his particularly memorable detective, Mike Hammer. Select entries list works for further reading, and the volume concludes with a brief bibliography.
Military Medicine
Authors: McCallum Jack E.
Published: April 2024

This volume highlights the people and scientific developments in military medicine through the ages, concentrating on medical advances that changed both warfare and societies at home.

Thanks to advances in field medicine and improved mobility and efficiency of medical units, the death rate of soldiers injured during battle has dramatically declined in the last 100 years. Nowadays, with forward medical stations operating close to battle lines and medical transports (ground and air) at hand, injured soldiers survive their battle wounds. Military Medicine: From Ancient Times to the 21st Century provides expert coverage of the key role medical advances and practices have played in the evolution of warfare, and how many of those advances and practices have been put to work saving and improving civilian lives as well.

Military Medicine surveys the development of military medicine from its prehistoric origins through modern threats and practice. That coverage is followed by over 200 of alphabetically organized entries with special emphasis placed on those areas with the most dramatic applications to civilian medicine, including triage and trauma management, treatment for infections, emergency surgical procedures, and more.
People of the Underground Railroad
Authors: Calarco Tom
Published: April 2024

The Underground Railroad was perhaps the best example in U.S. history of blacks and whites working together for the common good. People of the Underground Railroad is the largest in-depth collection of profiles of those individuals involved in the spiriting of black slaves to freedom in the northern states and Canada beginning around 1800 and lasting to the early Civil War years. One hundred entries introduce people who had a significant role in the rescuing, harboring, or conducting of the fugitives-from abolitionists, evangelical ministers, Quakers, philanthropists, lawyers, judges, physicians, journalists, educators, to novelists, feminists, and barbers-as well as notable runaways. The selections are geographically representational of the broad railroad network.

There is renewed interest in the Underground Railroad, exemplified by the new National Underground Railroad Freedom Center in Cincinnati and energized scholarly inquiry. People of the Underground Railroad presents authoritative information gathered from the latest research and established sources, many of them from period publications. Designed for student research and general browsing, in-depth essay entries include further reading. Numerous sidebars complement the entries. A timeline, illustrations, and map help put the profiles into context.
Poverty in America
Authors: Lawson Russell M. , Lawson Benjamin A.
Published: April 2024

How has the U.S. dealt, throughout its long history, with one of the worlds oldest problems? Although poverty has always been part of the human experience, societal reactions and responses to it have been as varied as the condition has been static. Poverty in America has its own turbulent history of causes, effects, and remedies, from debtor's prison to the War on Poverty, from Social Darwinism to food stamps. This in-depth encyclopedia covers the entire history of American poverty from every angle—historical, social, cultural, political, spiritual, and literary. How has poverty been defined in America? What has been done to prevent it? How have minority groups been affected? How has the church reacted? And what, if anything, can be done to eliminate it? Poverty in America covers these issues in vivid detail, from the colonial period to the Industrial Revolution to the global economy of the 21st century. Impactful primary document excerpts from key periods throughout American history are also included, providing firsthand accounts from all sides of the issue. A chronology of events and an extensive bibliography round out this fascinating work.
The Oneiric in the Films of David Lynch
Authors: Morschett Raphael
Published: April 2024

The Oneiric in the Films of David Lynch is the first systematic book-length study to explore the nature and function of dreams in David Lynch's different phases and audio-visual formats.

There is hardly a contemporary film director whose name is as closely linked to the dream(-like) as that of David Lynch. Both popular and academic discourse frequently identify Lynch’s films by their dreamlike qualities. However, in the existing literature on Lynch, these qualities tend to remain underspecified in terms of their experiential dimension.

Departing from an interest in the phenomenon of dream experience, this is the first systematic book-length study exploring the nature and function of the oneiric in the director’s different phases and audio-visual formats. It shows that, over the course of 50 years, Lynch has developed a cinematic aesthetics of the oneiric ? an ensemble of four dream-related dimensions that unfolds its full potential in the dynamic interplay between sensory address and reflective medialization. On the one hand, the Lynchian oneiric presents a markedly sensory-perceptual mode of experience – both characters and viewers are challenged in their perceptual patterns, while at the same time being immersed in the material dream scenario. On the other hand, the Lynchian oneiric provides a mode of both psychological and medial reflection. Not only the characters, but the films themselves are inclined to ‘turn back’ on themselves in a dream, exploring the preconditions, possibilities, and limitations of their own existence and ability to know the world. The oneiric in Lynch’s films is thus of phenomenological, media-theoretical, and philosophical interest.
Towards a Film Theory from Below
Authors: Anger Jiří
Published: April 2024

Operating between film theory, media philosophy, archival practice, and audiovisual research, Jirí Anger focuses on the relationship between figuration and materiality in early films, experimental found footage cinema, and video essays.

Would it be possible to do film theory from below, through the perspective of moving-image objects, of their multifarious details and facets, however marginal, unintentional, or aleatory they might be? Could we treat scratches, stains, and shakes in archival footage as speculatively and aesthetically generative features? Do these material actors have the capacity to create “weird shapes” within the figurative image that decenter, distort, and transform the existing conceptual and methodological frameworks?

Building on his theoretical as well as practical experience with the recently digitized corpus of the first Czech films, created by Jan Kríženecký between 1898 and 1911, the author demonstrates how technological defects and accidents in archival films shape their aesthetic function and our understanding of the materiality of film in the digital age. The specific clashes between the figurative and material spheres are understood through the concept of a “crack-up.” This term, developed by Francis Scott Fitzgerald and theoretically reimagined by Gilles Deleuze, allows us to capture the convoluted relationship between figuration and materiality as inherent to the medium of film, containing negativity and productivity, difference and simultaneity, contingency and fate, at the same time, even within the tiniest cinematic units.
White Sports/Black Sports
Authors: Martin Lori Latrice
Published: April 2024

Sports can serve as an inspirational example of what can be achieved through hard work and perseverance, regardless of one’s race. However, there is plenty of evidence that race still plays a major role in sports, and that sports are key agents of racial socialization.

This new edition challenges the idea that America has moved beyond racial discrimination, and identifies the obvious and subtle ways in which racial identities and athletic determinism affect individuals in the world of sports. Featuring a new chapter covering the history of Black athletes in college sports and the historic and contemporary role of the NCAA, and including 40% revised material covering major events and players since 2015, Lori Martin’s influential text continues to gives readers a keen awareness of these ongoing issues. This book makes clear the links between sports and society as a whole, and demonstrates that the issues surrounding racism in sports impact people in every realm of life and are not limited to the playing field.
The Benefits of Technology in Islamic Religious Education
Authors: Kumaidi Muhamad , Febriani Evi , Aisy Azahra Rahdatull
Published: April 2024

Urgency to Utilise To achieve autonomous Islamic learning and education programmes, technology is used in Islamic education. This page seeks to answer questions about the utilisation of technology in Islamic education, the platforms used, and the degree to which the use of technology is important or not. The writing of this article uses a qualitative type of research. This research aims to find out how educational technology helps the assimilation of Islamic Religious Education in the classroom. By using the methodology of literature study and interviews, the author used qualitative research methodology. The results show that technology has an important role in facilitating communication between parents, teachers and children during the pandemic. Technology makes learning easier by removing the requirement of face-to-face interaction. Various services, including Zoom Cloud Assembly, Google Meet, Google Study Room, and WhatsApp, can be used to exchange educational resources. Desk research method Applications such as Apps like Canva, Toontastic, Lectora, KineMaster, Powtoon, Prezi, Wondershare Filmora, and Sigil can help educators create Islamic educational media. As students today face different challenges than in the past, integrating technology into the teaching and learning process is essential.
Edeka kämpft sich voran
Authors: Mende Jan , Hofmann Janine , Stockburger Manfred
Published: April 2024

Ein Umsatzplus von 4,5 Mrd. Euro auf über 70 Mrd. Euro hat der Edeka-Gruppe im Inflationsjahr 2023 nicht ganz gereicht, um ihren Marktanteil zu halten. Dennoch stiegen die Ergebnisse.
LSI baut Teig-Portfolio aus
Authors: Schindler Barbara
Published: April 2024

Fleisch-Snacks, vor allem solche mit Teigmantel, sind bei Impulskäufern gefragt. Der BiFi-Hersteller reagiert mit Innovationen.
Dachser integriert Logistiker Müller
Authors: Schindler Barbara
Published: April 2024

Mit der Übernahme von Müller Fresh Food Logistics hat sich Dachser ein führendes Netzwerke für Lebensmitteldistribution in den Niederlanden gesichert.
Assessment of Dispute Resolution Methods in Building Construction Industry in Ogun State.
Authors: Waheed KUKOYI , fumilayo ADEDIRE , Obasanjo AKINTOYE
Published: April 2024

Construction is a vital sector fostering economic expansion and development in Ogun State, Nigeria. However, conflicts and disagreements are a natural part of the intricate dynamics of construction projects, and the success of dispute resolution techniques has a big impact on project outcomes. This study investigates the frequency and characteristics of construction conflicts in Ogun State through a combination of literature review and stakeholder focus group discussions. The underlying causes of disagreements, covering problems with contracts, designs, delays, disagreements over payments, and issues with quality was dealt with. The study also looks at how accessible, understandable, and well-known various dispute resolution techniques are among those involved in the construction business, such as owners, consultants, and contractors. The study’s findings provide important new information about the dispute-resolution practices in Ogun State’s building construction sector. This research helps to establish methods for enhancing conflict resolution procedures by identifying obstacles and best practices, creating a more favourable climate for successful and long-lasting construction projects. This information is crucial for stakeholders, decision-makers, and practitioners because it can improve project delivery, lower project risks, and foster peaceful relationships within the construction industry.
NURSING CARE FOR PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEART SURGERY
Authors: Leal Nascimento Mônica , Silva Oliveira Geane , Sybelly Silva Matos Gyanna , De Lira Silva Macerlane
Published: April 2024

INTRODUCTION: Nursing care for patients undergoing heart surgery is extremely important, as it is possible to avoid risks, as well as the manifestation of various complications. With regard to cardiac surgeries, surgical interventions have the possibility of reducing mortality and thus improving the quality of life of patients, as it favors the development and improvement of assistance itself. OBJECTIVE: To identify nursing care for patients undergoing cardiac surgery in the literature. METHODOLOGY: this study is an integrative review of the literature, based on the following guiding question: what is the nursing care provided to patients undergoing cardiac surgery? Data collection took place between the months of January and February 2024 through the databases Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Nursing Databases (BDENF), making use of the descriptors in health sciences (DeCS): nursing, cardiac surgery and patient. For the inclusion criteria, the following were adopted: articles published between the years 2019 and 2023, articles available in Portuguese for free, which addressed the topic and which were available in full, duplicate articles were excluded, that is, those present in more of a database, incomplete articles, and those that deviated from the study proposal. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS: It is worth noting that the postoperative period of cardiac surgeries, a period during which the patient recovers from post-anesthetic and post-surgical stress, is marked by the destabilization of the patient’s clinical condition, and is therefore , full of specificities, and critical care. Therefore, the postoperative period of cardiac surgery requires continued attention, resoluteness, and highly complex care from the nursing team. Therefore, it is possible to minimize various complications, such as changes in blood pressure levels, as well as compensation of organic systems. CONCLUSION: It is concluded, therefore, that the assistance of the nursing team to patients undergoing cardiac surgery is essential, as it makes it possible to carry out a continuous investigation, as well as to determine human responses, as well as to elaborate possible nursing diagnoses.
O Gerente de Nível de Rua na Implementação de Política Pública:
Authors: Machado Alves Ayeska , Maia Barbara , Fernandez Michelle
Published: April 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as formas de atuação dos gerentes de nível de rua (GNR) na implementação da Política Nacional de Assistência Estudantil na Universidade de Brasília (UnB). Para isso, foram realizadas oito entrevistas semiestruturadas com gestores que atuaram junto à política. Os dados coletados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo e os resultados ajudam a refletir sobre o papel e as formas de atuação do GNR na implementação de políticas. Conclui-se que, para além da esfera orçamentária e dos limites institucionais, o perfil de gestão e a afinidade pessoal dos GNRs com a política em questão são fatores que incidem na atuação autônoma desses gestores durante o processo de implementação da política.
The Influence of Stress on Game overindulgence in Secondary Student: Moderating Effect of Friendship
Authors:   Korea Youth Counselling Association, Yang Jihoon , Seo Jong-Soo
Published: April 2024

This research was to find out the moderating effect of friendship in the effect of stresson game overindulgence in middle and high school students. We analyzed 4,921 casesfrom the 2021 Korean Children and Youth Well-Being Index Survey: Middle School andHigh School Students. As the results, stress has a positive effect on game overindulgenceand friendship were found to have a moderating effect. Based on these results, practicalstrategies to prevent game overindulgence are as follows. Tests and counseling to reducestudents stress for students and surrounding people. And it is necessary to provide smallcounseling group using various counseling tools to enhance friendship.
A study on the sexual culture characteristics of general youth and sexual minority youth
Authors:   Korea Youth Counselling Association, Seo Jong-Soo , Choi Sung Yeol , Jang Sung Hwa
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to determine the sexual values and sexual behaviorcharacteristics of general youth and sexual minority youth. To achieve the researchpurpose, data from a survey on youth sexual culture in the Busan region by the BusanMetropolitan City Women and Family Foundation(2021) were used. The main contents ofthe research results are summarized as follows. First, among youth's gender equalityvalues, misogynistic values were higher in sexual minority youth, and gender equalityperception was higher in general youth than in sexual minority youth. Second, if we lookat the characteristics of youth concerns and experiences related to sexual behavior, theyare as follows. The health of youth sexual culture was found to be higher for generalyouth than for sexual minority youth, and the differences between, sexual relationshipexperience, experience of witnessing sexist hate speech, and experience of sexist hatespeech. In the case of the frequency of youth sex-related conversations, sexual minorityyouth were more likely to share information such as sexually explicit texts, videos, andsites than general youth, and the attitudes toward sexual behavior of youth were mostlyhigher for sexual minority youth than general youth. Based on these research results,intervention measures related to adolescents' sexual values and sexual behaviorcharacteristics were proposed.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH BIJI PEPAYA SEBAGAI SABUN CUCI PIRING DENGAN AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI GRAM POSITIF
Authors: Narrinda Allya Arum , Oktiyani Tiyas , Wahyu Melly , Yulianto Danang
Published: April 2024

Kota Yogyakarta memiliki beberapa Tempat Pembuangan Sampah Terpadu (TPST) salah satunya di Piyungan. TPST Piyungan sempat ditutup selama beberapa minggu, penutupan sementara TPST Piyungan dikarenakan penumpukan sampah yang besar. Sampah organik salah satunya biji pepaya dibuang secara langsung tanpa adanya pengolahan lebih lanjut sehingga akan berdampak pada lingkungan sekitar berupa pencemaran lingkungan yaitu bau tidak sedap yang dihasilkan dari limbah tersebut. Melalui Program Kreativitas Mahasiswa akan membantu mengurangi masalah sampah tersebut dengan membuat sabun cuci piring dari limbah biji papaya. Pembuatan sabun cuci piring ini menggunakan ekstrak biji pepaya sebagai zat aktif. Bahan pendukung lain yang digunakan ialah sodium lauryl sulfate, texapon, NaCl, sodium benzoate, propilenglikol, oleum citri, dan aquadest. Uji yang dilakukan pada sabun cuci piring ini adalah uji aktivitas antibakteri. Uji ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode cakram, media yang digunakan media padat, dan bakteri yang digunakan adalah bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Hasil uji antibakteri diperoleh dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Sabun cuci piring ekstrak biji papaya formula 1 dengan konsentrasi 2,5% memiliki daya hambat yang paling besar dibandingkan yang lainnya. Formula 2 dengan konsentrasi 5% memiliki daya hambat yang cukup baik dan formula 3 dengan konsentrasi 7% memiliki daya hambat yang paling rendah.
FORMULASI DAN PENENTUAN NILAI SPF KRIM MINYAK TAMANU (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) DENGAN VARIASI KONSENTRASI ASAM STEARAT DAN TRIETANOLAMIN
Authors: Ilmaknun Luluk , Endriyatno Nur Cholis
Published: April 2024

Paparan sinar matahari secara terus menerus dapat menimbulkan efek negatif berupa perubahan warna kulit menjadi lebih gelap, rasa terbakar, bahkan sampai meningkatkan risiko kanker kulit. Penggunaan krim tabir surya merupakan salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah kerusakan kulit. Minyak tamanu memiliki aktivitas sebagai tabir surya yang dapat mengurangi intensitas paparan sinar ultraviolet (UV) pada kulit dengan cara menyerap sinar UV. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan formulasi dan menentukan nilai SPF krim minyak tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L). Metode pembuatan krim minyak tamanu yaitu dengan proses peleburan dan proses emulsifikasi. Krim minyak tamanu dibuat dalam 4 formula dengan konsentrasi asam stearat dan trietanolamin meliputi F1 (19%:1%), F2 (18%:2%), F3 (17%:3%), dan F4 (16%: 4%). Evaluasi sifat sediaan krim meliputi organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, daya lekat, daya sebar, tipe krim, viskositas, daya proteksi, hedonik, iritasi, dan penentuan nilai SPF secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi asam stearat dan trietanolamin sebagai emulgator berpengaruh terhadap uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas,  uji pH, uji daya lekat, uji daya lekat, uji daya sebar, uji tipe krim, uji viskositas, uji daya proteksi, uji hedonik, uji iritasi, dan uji SPF pada krim minyak tamanu (Calophyllum inophyllum L.). Berdasarkan persyaratan uji fisik dan nilai SPF yang tertinggi maka formula paling baik yaitu formula 2 dengan konsentrasi asam stearat dan trietanolamin (18% : 2%).
PENETAPAN KADAR FLAVONOID TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN EKSTRAK ETIL ASETAT DAUN PALA (Myristica fragrans Houtt) SECARA SPEKTROFOTOMETRI VISIBLE
Authors: Mirna Mirna , Nasution Muhammad Amin , Ridwanto Ridwanto , Daulay Anny Sartika
Published: April 2024

Penggunaan tumbuhan sebagai ramuan obat sangat berkaitan dengan kandungan kimia yang terdapat dalam tumbuhan tersebut terutama zat aktif biologisnya. Senyawa bioaktif yang terdapat dalam tumbuhan merupakan senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti steroid, flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, terpenoid dan tanin. Salah satu tanaman yang mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu daun pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui senyawa kimia yang terdapat didalam ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat dan untuk mengetahui nilai flavonoid total ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat daun pala. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi pengolahan bahan tumbuhan, pembuatan ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat, pemeriksaan karakterisasi, skrining fitokimia dan penetapan kadar flavonoid total ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat daun pala dengan metode spektrofotometri Visible. Ekstrak daun pala dibuat dengan metode maserasi dengan menggunakan etanol 70% dan etil asetat ekstrak yang diperoleh dipekatkan dengan rotary evaporator, Selanjutnya dilakukan penetapan kadar flavonoid total dengan metode spektrofotometri Visible. Hasil skrining fitokimia pada ekstrak etanol dan ekstrak etil asetat daun pala terdapat kandungan golongan senyawa kimia seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan steroid/triterpenoid. Hasil penentuan kadar flavonoid total pada ekstrak etanol sebesar 39,7252 ± 1,9596 mg QE/g dan  ekstrak etil asetat sebesar 31,1395  ± 0,3983 mg QE/g.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN GEL EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG ASAM KANDIS (Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. ex. Anderson) DAN UJI ANTIINFLAMASI TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN
Authors: Septiana Lilik , Winata Hanafis Sastra , Panggabean Fauziah Erna Witular , Rani Zulmai , Rambe Robiatun
Published: April 2024

Penggunaan ekstrak kulit buah asam kandis sebagai antiinflamasi belum maksimal karena harus disiapkan dan dioleskan langsung dalam bentuk utuh membuatnya kurang praktis. Oleh karena itu, harus dikembangkan menjadi sediaan farmasi untuk membuatnya lebih mudah digunakan dan praktis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana membuat gel ekstrak kulit batang asam kandis (Garcinia Xanthochymus Hook.F. Ex. Anderson) dan melakukan uji antiinflamasi pada tikus putih jantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental untuk mengidentifikasi dan menggambarkan tanaman, membuat ekstrak kulit batang asam kandis secara maserasi, membuat sediaan gel, dan menguji efek antiinflamasi ekstrak kulit batang asam kandis pada tikus putih jantan. Analisis data berdasarkan hasil observasi dilanjutkan dengan analisis dan statistik menggunakan Anova. Hasil penelitian yaitu ekstrak kulit batang asam kandis dengan konsenterasi 5, 10, dan 15% dengan gelling agent carbopol 940 dapat dibuat sediaan gel antiinflamasi. Sediaan gel antiinflamasi yang terbuat dari ekstrak kulit batang asam kandis telah memenuhi persyaratan yang baik dan stabil selama proses uji coba roda gigi pada organoleptis, homogenitas, pH, dan viskositas. Konsenterasi terbaik gel ekstrak kulit batang asam kandis yang memberikan efek antiinflamasi yaitu konsenterasi 15%. Diharapkan kepada peneliti selanjutnya agar melakukan penelitian ekstrak kulit batang asam kandis dengan jenis sediaan yang berbeda.
ESTIMASI BIAYA OBAT SISTEM SALURAN NAFAS YANG TIDAK DIGUNAKAN PADA PROGRAM PENGEMBALIAN OBAT DI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Auliya Nadya Putri , Kristina Susi Ari , Ginting Ovalina Sylvia Br.
Published: April 2024

Obat rusak dan kadaluarsa yang menumpuk di rumah tangga dapat berpotensi terhadap penggunaan obat yang tidak terkontrol oleh masyarakat. Selain itu obat sisa yang tidak dikelola dengan baik dapat mengakibatkan pemalsuan obat di pasaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan mengambil data dari apotek yang bekerjasama dengan BPOM dalam Program Buang Sampah Obat di Yogyakarta. Data obat yang dikumpulkan yaitu data pembuangan sampah obat dari bulan November - Desember 2020 menggunakan form pengumpulan data yang berisi nama obat, potensi, bentuk sediaan, jumlah sisa dan harga obat. Obat kategori terapi system saluran nafas yang  terkumpul pada Program Buang Sampah Obat sebanyak 39 item dengan. Nilai ekonomi obat kategori system saluran nafas pada penelitian ini yaitu sebesar Rp. 1.028.378 (15,8%). Obat dengan kelas terapi system saluran nafas merupakan obat bebas ketiga terbanyak yang terkumpul dalam program. Nilai ekonomi sisa obat yang terkumpul dalam program dapat dinilai sebagai pemborosan. Tingginya obat sisa pada kelas terapi system saluran nafas bisa terjadi di musim tertentu seperti musim hujan. Hal ini di akibatkan karna pada musim penghujan biasanya muncul penyakit saluran nafas sehingga permintaan obat pada penyakit tersebut meningkat.
Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu Balita Tentang Stunting Di Desa Sungai Alat Kecamatan Astambul Kabupaten Banjar
Authors: Serly Serly , Sofiani Ikasari Filia , Pusparina Iis
Published: April 2024

Stunting merupakan permasalahan yang perlu mendapatkan perhatian. Permasalahan stunting terjadi mulai dari dalam kandungan dan baru akan terlihat ketika anak sudah menginjak umur dua tahun. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi stunting adalah pengetahuan, kurangnya pengetahuan ibu tentang stunting pada balita dapat menyebabkan stunting pada balitanya. Saat ini belum terdapat data mengenai gambaran pengetahuan Ibu balita tentang stunting. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan Ibu balita tentang stunting di Desa Sungai Alat Kecamatan Astambul tahun 2022. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif, teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, dengan sampel sebanyak 60 responden. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kuesioner tentang stunting yang terdiri dari 12 pertanyaan. Tempat penelitian di Desa Sungai Alat Kecamatan Astambul. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa pengetahuan ibu balita tentang stunting berada pada kategori kurang sebanyak 40%, kategori cukup sebanyak 50%, dan pada kategori baik sebanyak 10%. Sebagian besar ibu balita di Desa Sungai Alat memiliki pengetahuan yang cukup tentang stunting. Perlunya dilaksanakan pendidikan kesehatan tentang stunting kepada ibu balita di Desa Sungai Alat.
Gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu Tentang Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat Pada Anak Prasekolah Di Klinik Pera Simalingkar B Kota Medan Sumatera Utara
Authors: Tience Purba Vita , Veronika Anita , Arisandi Siallagan Ermawaty , Sinaga Desriati
Published: April 2024

Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat (PHBS) adalah  semua perilaku Kesehatan yang dilakukan atas kesadaran, sehingga anggota keluarga atau keluarga dapat menolong dirinya sendiri di bidang Kesehatan dan berperan aktif dalam kegiatan-kegiatan Kesehatan di masyrakat. Pelaksanaan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat pada anak tergantung pada peran orangtua terutama ibu, sehingga diperlukan Pengetahuan dan Sikap ibu dalam memberikan ajaran Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat Pada Anak Prasekolah. Tingkat pengetahuan ibu sangat bervariasi sehingga terdapat perbedaan pengajaran PHBS pada anak Prassekolah. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran Pengetahuan dan Sikap ibu tentang Perilaku Hidup Bersih Dan Sehat pada anak Prasekolah usia 3-6 tahun. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskritif. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 20 orang responden di Klinik Pera Jl. Bunga Rampai No.77 Simalingkar B Kota Medan bulan Mei tahun 2023. Hasil peneltian menunjukkan bahwa dari 20 responden di klinik Pera terdapat responden ketegori berpengetahuan Baik 13 responden (65%) kategori berpengetahuan cukup 7 responden (35%). Sedangkan responden ketegori memiliki sikap Positif 12 responden (60%) kategori sikap Negatif (8 responden (40%). Penelitian ini diharapkan memberikan masukan kepada tenaga Kesehatan supaya dapat memberikan informasi atau penyuluhan kepada ibu dalam perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat.
Pendampingan UMKM Dalam Memaksimalkan Tata Kelola Usaha dan Manajemen Pemasaran
Authors: Hustia Anggreany , Bimantara Faisal
Published: April 2024

Pendampingan UMKM dalam memaksimalkan tata kelola dan manajemen pemasaran ini merupakan kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan dalam program magang UMKM Merdeka Batch I Sumatera Selatan kolaborasi antara LLDIKTI Wilayah II, dosen dan mahasiswa. Dalam kegiatan ini kami mendampingi salah satu UMKM yang bergerak di bidang kuliner yang bertempat di Palembang yaitu “DAPOER FELISHA”. Berdasarkan riset yang dilakukan, kondisi eksisting UMKM terbilang masih baru dirintis sehingga membutuhkan dukungan yang lebih dari berbagai pihak. Kondisi Eksisting UMKM diidentifikasi melalui  basis KPI (Key Performance Indicator) yaitu indikator tata kelola usaha dan Indikator manajemen pemasaran. Tata kelola usaha UMKM ini dilihat dari beberapa sisi salah satunya SOP dalam persiapan produk yang dipasarkan dan legalitas yang dapat mendukung kemajuan  usaha UMKM ini. Manajemen pemasaran berkaitan erat dengan proses pemasaran produk UMKM tersebut. Berdasarkan Ilustrasi tersebut hal ini dilakukan karena untuk mendukung Pelaku Usaha dalam mengembangkan bisnisnya dengan baik di masa yang akan datang. Hasil dari pengabdian ini diharapkan UMKM tumbuh menjadi lebih baik, semakin berkembang, dan dapat bersaing dengan pasar yang lebih luas.
PKM Kelompok Usaha Biji Pinang di Deli Serdang Melalui Peningkatan Produksi Biji Buah Pinang dan Profit Margin
Authors: Siregar Dodi , Irwan Ade , Rismayanti Rismayanti
Published: April 2024

Deli Serdang adalah kabupaten yang terletak di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, Indonesia. Dimana salah satu desa yang ada pada kabupaten Deli Serdang adalah Desa Batang Jambu. Dilihat dari sumber daya yang ada Desa Batang Jambu memiliki sumber daya yang memiliki potensi yang baik untuk mengembangkan usaha. Salah satu usaha yang ada di Desa Batang Jambu adalah Industri Rumah Tangga pemasaran biji buah pinang yang mulai dirintis sejak tahun 2010. Berdasarkan hasil survei yang telah dilakukan pengusul menetapkan kelompok usaha biji Buah Pinang milik Bapak Agus dan istrinya sebagai mitra. Pengusul dan Mitra menyepakati beberapa persoalan yang telah  dihadapi oleh mitra, antara lain minimnya pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang dimiliki oleh mitra yang masih menghitung profit margin secara manual dengan alat bantu kalkulator, keterbatasan dalam peralatan produksi yang membuat minimnya pendapatan produk disetiap harinya disaat musim hujan. Luaran dari kegiatan ini adalah penerapan aplikasi penghitung profit margin mitra, mesin pengering buah pinang dan artikel ilmiah yang akan dipublikasikan dalam bentuk jurnal, media masa dan video kegiatan.
Pendampingan Desain Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila Bagi Guru di Kecamatan Bangorejo Kabupaten Banyuwangi
Authors: Elan Fadilah Rizka , Supeno Supeno , Nuha Ulin , Wahyuni Diah , Rusdianto Rusdianto
Published: April 2024

Kurikulum Merdeka telah diimplementasikan di satuan Pendidikan. Kurikulum Merdekat terdiri dari kegiatan intrakurikuler dan projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila. Projek penguatan profil pelajar pancasila tersebut merupakan pendukung kegiatan intrakulikuler dalam kurikulum merdeka. Para guru sering merasa kesulitan dalam mengimplementasikan proyek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila tersebut dalam pembelajaran. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman Guru SD di kecamatan Bangorejo Kabupaten Banyuwangi terkait dengan Desain Penguatan Projek Profil Pelajar Pancasila. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan dan pelaksanaan. Masing-masing tahapan tersebut terdiri dari tiga langkah. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah kegiatan pendampingan desain projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila berjalan dengan baik. Peserta tampak antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan. Respon yang baik juga disampaikan oleh peserta kegiatan. Peserta kegiatan juga melaksanakan praktik projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila secara mandiri sesuai dengan yang telah dilatihkan sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa pemahaan guru terkait dengan projek penguatan profil pelajar Pancasila tersebut meningkat.
Edukasi Kesadaran Anti Pelecehan Seksual Bagi Siswa Smp Ittihad Makassar
Authors: Zahra Al Banna Maisya , Liana Alin , Sulfaidah Sulfaidah , Arifuddin Widiastini
Published: April 2024

Kasus pelecehan seksual terhadap anak semakin meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Korban pada umumnya adalah anak dan remaja yang berusia 18 tahun dan berstatus pelajar. Pelecehan seksual dapat terjadi dalam lingkungan sekolah maupun di luar lingkungan sekolah dan dapat berbentuk verbal maupun non-verbal. Anak yang menjadi korban akan merasakan dampak baik terhadap fisik maupun psikologis. Adapun tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman kepada siswa SMP Ittihad Makassar terkait kekerasan seksual dan tindakan preventif untuk mencegah terjadinya kekerasan seksual. Pelaksanaan kegiatan terdiri dari 3 (tiga) tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, dan tahap evaluasi. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan melalui 3 (tiga) pendekatan yaitu tes pada awal (pree-test) dan akhir kegiatan (post-test), penyuluhan atau edukasi, dan diskusi. Hasil dari kegiatan ini menunjukkan bahwa siswa menjadi lebih memahami mengenai bentuk-bentuk kekerasan seksual, mengetahui penyebab kekerasan seksual, dampak dari kekerasan seksual serta upaya yang dilakukan oleh siswa ketika mengalami kekerasan seksual.