bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of source scaling relations of eastern and western North American earthquakes
Authors: Somerville P. G. , McLaren J. P. , LeFevre L. V. , Burger R. W. , Helmberger D. V.
Published: July 2021

Source scaling relations have been obtained for earthquakes in eastern North America and other continental interiors, and compared with a relation obtained for earthquakes in western North America. The scaling relation for eastern North American earthquakes was constructed from measurements of seismic moment and source duration obtained by the waveform modeling of seismic body waves. The events used include nine events of mbLg magnitude 4.7 to 5.8 that occurred after 1960, and four earlier events with magnitudes between 5.5 and 6.6. The scaling relation for events in other continental interiors was used for comparative purposes and to provide constraints for large magnitudes. Detailed analysis of the uncertainties in the scaling relations has allowed the resolution of two important issues concerning the source scaling of earthquakes in eastern North America. First, the source characteristics of earthquakes in eastern North America and other continental interiors are consistent with constant stress drop scaling, and are inconsistent with nonconstant scaling models such as that of Nuttli (1983). Second, the stress drops of earthquakes in eastern North America and other continental interiors are not significantly different from those of earthquakes in western North America, and have median values of approximately 100 bars. The source parameters of earthquakes in eastern North America are consistent with a single constant stress drop scaling relation, whereas the source parameters of earthquakes in western North America are much more variable and show significant departures from an average scaling relation in which stress drop decreases slightly with seismic moment.
Seismotectonics of the Newport-Inglewood fault zone in the Los Angeles basin, southern California
Authors: Hauksson Egill
Published: July 2021

The Newport-Inglewood fault zone (NIF) strikes northwest along the western margin of the Los Angeles basin in southern California. The seismicity (1973 to 1985) of ML ≧ 2.5 that occurred within a 20-km-wide rectangle centered on the NIF extending from the Santa Monica fault in the north to Newport Beach in the south is analyzed. A simultaneous full inversion scheme (VELEST) is used to invert for hypocentral parameters, two velocity models, and a set of station delays. Arrival time data from three quarry blasts are included to stabilize the inversion. The first velocity model applies to stations located along the rim and outside the Los Angeles basin and is well resolved. It is almost identical to the starting model, which is the model routinely used by the CIT/USGS southern California seismic network for locating local earthquakes. The second velocity model applies to stations located within the Los Angeles basin. It shows significantly lower velocities down to depths of 12 to 16 km, which is consistent with basement of Catalina Schist below the sediments in the western Los Angeles basin. The distribution of relocated hypocenters shows an improved correspondence to mapped surface traces of late Quaternary fault segments of the NIF. A diffuse trend of seismicity is observed along the Inglewood fault from the Dominguez Hills, across the Baldwin Hills to the Santa Monica fault in the north. The seismicity adjacent to Long Beach, however, is offset 4 to 5 km to the east, near the trace of the subsurface Los Alamitos fault. The depth distribution of earthquakes along the NIF shows clustering from 6 to 11 km depth, which is similar to average seismogenic depths in southern California. Thirty-nine single-event focal mechanisms of small earthquakes (1977 to 1985) show mostly strike-slip faulting with some reverse faulting along the north segment (north of Dominguez Hills) and some normal faulting along the south segment (south of Dominguez Hills to Newport Beach). The results of an inversion of the focal mechanism data for orientations of the principal stress axes and their relative magnitudes indicate that the minimum principal stress is vertical along the north segment while the intermediate stress is vertical along the south segment. The maximum principal stress axis is oriented 10° to 25° east of north. Reverse faulting along the north segment indicates that a transition zone of mostly compressive deformation exists between the Los Angeles block and the Central Transverse Ranges.
Velocity structure of Silent Canyon Caldera, Nevada Test Site
Authors: Leonard Michael A. , Johnson Lane R.
Published: July 2021

A laterally averaged, one-dimensional P- and S-wave velocity structure is obtained for Silent Canyon Caldera, located beneath Pahute Mesa at the Nevada Test Site. The velocity models are derived from a linearized damped least-squares travel-time inversion for slowness gradient perturbations. A total of 72 P- and 20 S-wave travel times generated from 13 different explosions, obtained at locations above the caldera, are used in the inversion. The structure is modeled using linear velocity gradients in a series of horizontal layers. The inversion produces a model in which velocity for P waves increases from 1.5 km/sec at the surface to 4.5 km/sec at 2.3 km depth and from 1.0 km/sec at the surface to 2.3 km/sec at 2.0 km depth for S waves. The P- and S-wave models produce travel-time residuals which are typically less than 0.1 and 0.2 sec, respectively, which is within observational error. In an attempt to estimate the degree of lateral velocity variations over which the one-dimensional model averages, waveform data collected above the caldera are examined for indications of a laterally heterogeneous structure.
Strong ground motion in the 1983 Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake and its aftershocks
Authors: Jackson Suzette M. , Boatwright John
Published: July 2021

Thirteen strong-motion accelerographs sited in a permanent array at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) were the closest instruments to the MS = 7.3 1983 Borah Peak, Idaho, earthquake. They recorded the event at epicentral distances of 90 to 110 km. The peak horizontal accelerations or peak ground accelerations (PGAs) at the basement and free-field sites of the array ranged from 0.022 to 0.078 g. For 2 weeks after the main shock, the U.S. Geological Survey maintained an array of digital seismographs in the epicentral area; these instruments recorded six large aftershocks at epicentral distances of 4 to 45 km. The largest of these aftershocks also triggered four accelerographs in the INEL array. PGAs for the main shock are estimated by two separate analyses. First, the attenuation of the PGAs from the largest aftershock is used to extrapolate the far-field PGA into the near-field, obtaining estimates of 0.54, 0.58, 0.21, and 0.24 g at epicentral distances of 11, 12, 16, and 18 km, respectively. Second, paired recordings for a set of small aftershocks, obtained from a near-field station (U.S. Geological Survey portable instrument) and a far-field station (INEL telemetered station), were used together with an INEL main shock acceleration time history to generate four synthetic accelerograms for a hypothetical recording site 18 km southeast of the main shock. The PGAs measured from these synthetic accelerograms are 0.08, 0.14, 0.15, and 0.23 g.
Investigation ofmbandMSformulas for the Western United States and their impact on theMS/mbdiscriminant
Authors: Denny Marvin D. , Taylor Steven R. , Vergino Eileen S.
Published: July 2021

The impact of regional mb and MS formulas on regional MS/mb discrimination is investigated using a large number of Western United States earthquakes and explosions. Comparison of NEIS mb values with regional mb values shows a systematic error of 1.2. Additionally, a simple analysis of variance shows that the variance of the magnitude estimate is reduced when log(A) replaces log(A/T). These changes, along with a refinement of the distance correction, yield a new regional mb for the Western United States given by mb = log(A) + 2.4 log(Δ) − 3.95 + cj, where A = 0 to peak amplitude in nanometers, Δ is the distance in kilometers, and ci is a station correction. Usage of this formula improves the performance of regional MS/mb discrimination by a factor of 2 to 6.
Effect of lowQsediments and crustalQonLgattenuation in the United States
Authors: Mitchell Brian J. , Hwang H. J.
Published: July 2021

Q values for Lg and its coda exhibit significant lateral variations across the United States, some of which correlate with known variations in the thickness of shallow sedimentary layers. The possibility that all variations in Lg attenuation are caused by changes in the thickness of shallow sediments is investigated by computing multi-mode synthetic seismograms for crustal models with various thicknesses of low-Q sediments. Using crustal velocity and Q models obtained in previous studies, and reasonable values for the thicknesses and intrinsic Q values of sediments in several regions, we find that the variation of Lg Q values between the Appalachian and Rocky Mountains can easily be produced by varying accumulations of sandstone and shale of Mesozoic age and younger. By contrast, throughout most of the Western United States, neither the low Lg Q values which have been observed nor the regional variation of those values can be explained by accumulations of low-Q sediments. Instead, their explanation appears to require low and laterally varying values of Q in the crystalline crust.
Effects of observational errors in relating magnitude scales and fitting the gutenberg-richter parameter β
Authors: Bender Bernice
Published: July 2021

In order to use historic earthquakes to estimate future seismicity of a region, the analyst usually first converts earthquake sizes that have been recorded in various ways (e.g., mb, MS, ML, and I0) to a common scale (e.g., mb), by fitting the coefficients ai and bi in an assumed linear relationship mb = ai + bimi between mb and each of the other size measures mi. He then combines mb values (either recorded mb or fitted m^b) for all earthquakes to estimate a Gutenberg-Richter rate parameter, αmb, and distribution parameter, βmb. However, even if magnitude scales are linearly related over some range, when observational errors are present and earthquakes have been incompletely recorded at lower magnitudes or terminate abruptly at some finite mmax, estimates âi, b^i may be highly biased and uncertain. Less biased estimates of b^i can be obtained if only magnitude values in the interior of the range are used in the fitting. Errors in b^i carry over into estimates βmb(i) obtained using magnitudes converted to m^b from mi. This means that even if a large number, N, of mi values are converted to mb values, the variance of β^mb(i) using these magnitudes may depend primarily on the sizes of the observational errors and on n the number, of pairs (mb and mi) used to fit b^i, rather than on N. An estimate βmb(i) may be obtained without converting magnitudes mi to mb by estimating β^i (the distribution parameter for mi) using the N mi values and then setting β^mb(i)=β^i/b^i. Individual estimates 1/βmb(i) for various scales, mi, may be weighted and combined, and then inverted to obtain an estimate of βmb that has a lower variance than does the estimate obtained using all the earthquakes simultaneously. This study particularly considers estimates involving I0, epicentral intensity, because often I0 is the only size recorded for an earthquake. A relatively large range of magnitudes corresponds to a single intensity, making the analysis more complicated for this case.
Attenuation and backscattering from local coda
Authors: Dainty Anton M. , Duckworth Robert M. , Tie An
Published: July 2021

Coda decay and excitation for local events were examined at Mammoth Lakes and Morgan Hill, California, Monticello, South Carolina, and New Brunswick, Canada, in the frequency range of 3 to 50 Hz. The single-scattering theory of attenuation and coda generation was used to interpret the data. Coda decay was parameterized by the total apparent turbidity, which is inversely proportional to the conventional coda Q, and the backscattering turbidity, which is proportional to the ratio of the coda power at the time of the direct S and the energy of the direct S pulse. This is a scattering parameterization, since turbidities are cross-sections per unit volume; the term “apparent” is used for the total apparent turbidity because in actuality this parameter contains the effect of anelastic attenuation as well as scattering. For short times (less than 10 sec), the total (apparent) turbidity determined from coda decay was about 0.1 km−1 for all regions, or a Q of about 60 (3 Hz) to 1000 (50 Hz). The backscattering turbidity determined from coda excitation at short times is often larger than the total apparent turbidity and thus indicates strong, multiple scattering in the upper crust, especially for frequencies in the 3- to 10-Hz range. This means that coda Q is not equivalent to direct S Q in this frequency range, since it does not include the full effect of scattering. At times longer than 10 to 15 sec for the codas from Monticello and New Brunswick, the coda energy appeared to be channeled into a horizontally propagating mode such as Lg. This change was seen as a change in decay rate and excitation; the total turbidity for this portion of the coda was lower than for short codas, about 0.01 km−1, indicating less scattering. At Monticello, the conditions for the validity of the single-scattering theory appeared to be satisfied, meaning that coda Q includes the effect of scattering and is a proper measure of the Q of the wave type that makes up the coda—most likely Lg. The backscattering turbidity, which is controlled solely by scattering, and the total apparent turbidity at Monticello both show a minimum around 10 Hz. This correlation between coda excitation and decay indicates that a substantial portion (at least 50 per cent) of coda Q in this case is due to scattering. The evidence for strong scattering observed in other codas indicates that scattering will play an important role in attenuation at those sites also. Codas from California, however, did not show the phenomenon of a change at 10 to 15 sec, indicating either that this mode is not present or that it is more strongly scattered. All of the scattering observed in this study probably occurs in the crust. Reverberation under the station cannot be excluded for most codas, but the existence of two types of coda at Monticello and New Brunswick demonstrates that this cannot be the dominant mechanism at these sites.
Calculation of the inplane Green's functions for a layered viscoelastic solid
Authors: Xu P.-C. , Mal A. K.
Published: July 2021

A method is presented for the accurate and efficient calculation of the dynamic Green's functions for a layered viscoelastic solid under plane strain conditions. The method is based on the classical wavenumber integral representation and a delta matrix formulation of the elastodynamic field. The high efficiency is achieved through the introduction of a new quadrature scheme in which the kernels of the wavenumber integrals are represented by means of polynomials in finite and semi-infinite panels, and the resulting oscillatory integrals are evaluated analytically. The accuracy of the results are controlled through the use of an adaptive procedure whereby the number of panels are increased successively until the desired accuracy is reached, with no previous function evaluations wasted. The computer program currently runs on IBM PCs for all multi-layered structures at all finite frequencies.
On the apparent change in dynamic behavior of a nine-story reinforced concrete building
Authors: Luco J. E. , Trifunac M. D. , Wong H. L.
Published: July 2021

Apparent changes, over time, of the dynamic behavior of a nine-story reinforced concrete building are examined to determine their plausibility and possible sources. The apparent variations include changes of the resonant frequencies and of the relative contribution of the soil-structure interaction effects during forced vibration tests. Experiments by different researchers on the importance of the soil-structure interaction effects lead to conflicting interpretations of the contribution from the rocking response which differ by factors of 24 and 14 in the transverse and longitudinal directions. These differences are not realistic and may have resulted from errors in the data reduction for the initial experiments. The variations in resonant frequencies are considered to be mainly a result of stiffness degradation of the superstructure as a consequence of the San Fernando earthquake of 1971.
Aftershocks of the 13 December 1982 North Yemen earthquake: Conjugate normal faulting in an extensional setting
Authors: Langer C. J. , Bollinger G. A. , Merghelani H. M.
Published: July 2021

The North Yemen epicentral locale in the southwestern part of the Arabian Peninsula is 200 to 300 km landward from the active rifting of the Red Sea and Sea of Aden. The magnitude 6.0 (MS and mb) main shock of 13 December 1982 locally caused considerable death, injury, and damage and was followed by an extensive aftershock sequence. A 12-day study employing a 10-station portable seismograph network was conducted between 29 December 1982 and 9 January 1983.

Hypocentral locations were determined for 230 shocks selected from the thousands of recorded events (duration magnitudes between 1.8 and 4.6). These aftershocks define a source volume that is roughly 20 × 20 × 10 km. From that volume, about half (∼110) of only the best-constrained hypocenters with depths greater than 3 km were selected for detailed analysis. The 110 aftershock data set was divided into subsets according to geographic position (northern and southern) and temporal sequencing (a distinct aftershock sequence late in the monitoring period). A series of composite focal mechanisms show the aftershocks are dip-slip faulting (normal) on planes with north-northwest to northwest strikes and with dips that are variable in amount (∼30° to ∼80°) and direction (southwest and northeast).

The strike and extensional nature of these composite focal mechanism solutions are in good agreement with the main shock focal mechanisms, the surficial and bedrock geology of the epicentral area, and the linear surface cracks observed in the field there following the December main shock. We interpret the spatial distribution of our results to describe conjugate faulting episodes associated with north-northwest striking faults.
COVID-19-associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis:
A New Entity
Authors: Seo Hyun-Min , Park Ji Hun , Oh Se Uk , Park Se Kwang , Kim Joung Soo
Published: July 2021

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic. This resulted in the discovery of a new clinical Aspergillus disease phenotype, COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis. This review aimed to collect and share clinical experiences from this new disease.
Delirium and fever – a rare but dangerous cause Case report
Authors:   Landspitali University Hospital, Division of Internal Medicine, Jóhannesson Jón Magnús , Harðardóttir Hrönn ,   Landspitali University Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Guðmundsson Bjarni ,   Landspitali University Hospital, Neurology Ward, Guðmundsson Gunnar ,   Landspitali University Hospital, Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, University of Iceland, Faculty of Medicine
Published: July 2021

Fever complicated by delirium is a common problem in emergency departments and inpatient wards. There are various possible causes that must all be contemplated. Infections are prominent causes due to acuteness and severity, but when generating a differential diagnosis, other causes may be life-threatening and require swift diagnosis and management. We present here a case of a 58 year old man presenting at the emergency department with fever and delirium. After comprehensive history-taking and examination, alongside targeted testing, the correct diagnosis was ascertained, leading to appropriate treatment.
ROLE OF INTERLEUKIN-2, INTERLEUKIN-4 AND CLUSTER OF DIFFERENTIATION-22 AS AN IMMUNE MARKERS IN INDIVIDUALS INFECTED WITH Helicobacter pylori
Authors:   Department of biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq, Muhammad Rashad Jaffar Muhammad Baqir , Jaloob Aljanaby Ahmed Abdul jabbar ,   Department of biology, Faculty of Science, University of Kufa, Iraq
Published: July 2021

Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative, intracellular, microaerophilic bacteria which causing Peptic ulcer. This bacterium can change its shape which helps the bacteria to survive in the host gastric microenvironment. The Peptic ulcer caused by this bacterium stimulates the humoral and cellular immune response in individuals. The current study was carried out to access the role of interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and cluster differentiation-22 as immune markers in the identification of H. pylori infection. The presence of H. pylori has been diagnosed by feces test (antigen rapid test). In this study, the presence of three immunological markers viz., IL-2, IL-4, and CD22 were measured in the serum of 60 individuals infected with H. pylori and 30 healthy individuals by the Enzyme-Linked Immune-sorbent Assay method. Results of this study indicated a significant increase (P-value=0.0307*) in the concentration of IL-2 (294.27ng/ml), IL-4(151.28ng/ml), and CD22 (492.73ng/ml) in the serum of individuals infected with H. pylori while these concentrations were reported 235.98ng/ml, 116.14ng/ml and 369.33ng/ml respectively in the healthy individuals. Results of the study can be concluded that H.pylori infection stimulates the Cellular and humoral immune response which resulted in the increased production of IL-2, IL-4, and CD22.
Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Potentilla recta L.
Authors: ŞEKER KARATOPRAK Gökçe , ÖKDEM Başak , İLGÜN Selen , KOSAR Muberra
Published: July 2021

In this study, the antioxidant activity and effectiveness against pathogenic microorganisms in the skin were investigated to evaluate the wound healing mechanisms of Potentilla recta L. (Rosaceae), which is traditionally used in wound treatment. The antioxidant activity was determined using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•) and2,2-Azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS•+) radical scavenging activities, inhibition of β-carotene bleaching, protection of 2-deoxyribose and bovine brain-derived phospholipids against hydroxyl radical-mediated degradation assay, at different concentrations ranging from 0.001 to 2 mg mL-1. By the microdilution method, antimicrobial activity was evaluated on Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Besides, viability enhancing effects on murine fibroblast cells (L929) were determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. The key parameters for the extract included the following: DPPH• IC50: 0.19 mg mL-1, TEAC: 0.76 mmol L-1 Trolox, reduction: 0.87 mmol g-1 AsscE, and protection of lipid peroxidation IC50: 0.07 mg mL-1. A strong effect on S. epidermidis was observed with 79% inhibition at a concentration of 125 mg mL-1, but did not show toxicity to L929 cells below 250 mg mL-1 concentration. The results proved that the potent antioxidant activity combined with the antimicrobial activity supports traditional use.
KKTC’de Basınında Ekonomi ve Siyaset İlişkisi Üzerine Bir Saha Araştırması
Authors: ERCAN Eren Ekin
Published: July 2021

Kıbrıs Türk basını siyasal bir pratiğin sonucudur. Bu siyaset ise “milli dava” anlayışının getirdiği bir anlayıştır. Kıbrıs Rum basınına karşı duruşlar ile kendi varlığını ortaya koyma arasında konumlanan Kıbrıs Türk basını, 1930’lardan sonra basının daha kitlesel bir nitelik taşımasıyla giderek yalnızca siyasetin bir sonucu olmaktan çıkmış, basın ile siyaset doğrudan doğruya iç içe geçmiştir. Günümüz KKTC basınında ise durum, bu politize tarihsel duruşun ekonomi politik ilişkilerle harmanlandığı bir yapıdır. KKTC’de basın ve siyaset arasındaki ilişkiyi konu edinen bu makalenin amacı da bunun bütünlüklü bir şekilde ortaya konmasıdır. Çoklu araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı çalışmada 104 muhabirle anket, üst editoryal kadrodan 20 gazeteciyle ise derinlemesine görüş alma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın en önemli bulgusu, KKTC basını ve siyasetinin değişen ekonomi politik konjonktür nedeniyle kapitalist bir niteliğe büründüğüdür.
Bilim İnsanlarının Finansal Okuryazarlık Tutum ve Davranışları Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi Örneği
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Fevzi Serkan , BENGÜ Haluk , BULUT Elif , ÇELİK Serpil
Published: July 2021

Okuryazarlık kavramına dair ilk tanımlamalara bakıldığında; bireyin “okuma” ve “yazma yetisi”ne yapılan vurgu göze çarpmaktadır. Ancak okuryazarlık kavramının bu iki yeti ile sınırlanamayacağının anlaşılması ile kavram “okuduğunu anlama” ve “kendini yazılı olarak da ifade edebilme” yetilerini de içine alacak biçimde genişlemiştir. Özellikle teknolojik ilerlemenin ve kitle iletişim araçlarının yaygınlaşması ile okuryazarlık kavramının tanımsal gelişimi devam etmiş, bileşenleri ile çeşitlenen özelleşmiş okuryazarlık tanımları da literatüre geçmiştir. Öyle ki okuryazarlık kavramı, belirli özel veya teknik bir alanda okuryazarlığı ifade edecek biçimde kullanılmaya başlamıştır. Örneğin finans, ekonomi, medya vb. gibi birçok alanda okuryazarlıktan söz edilmeye başlanmıştır. Finans alanında okuryazarlık da son yılların popüler kavramlarından biri haline gelmiştir. Finansal okuryazarlık hakkında çok sayıda araştırma literatürdeki yerini almıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da bilim insanları arasında finansal okuryazarlık tutum ve davranış ölçeğinin harcama, algı, ilgi ve tutum şeklindeki bileşenleri açısından farklılık olup olmadığını ve bilim insanlarının finansal kavramlara dair bilgi düzeyleri ile tutum ve davranış ölçeğinin bileşenleri arasında ilişki olup olmadığını irdelemektir. Çalışmanın anakütlesini oluşturan Niğde Ömer Halisdemir Üniversitesi’nde görev yapan 951 akademik personele kolayda örnekleme yoluyla anket uygulanmıştır. Sağlanan geçerli gözlem sayısı ise 247 olmuştur. Bu sayı %95 anlam düzeyinde, %5,37 hata payına karşılık gelmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda; demografik değişenlerden cinsiyet, unvan, ekonomik gelişmeleri takip etme, yaş ve finansal kavramlardan tasarruf, hisse senedi, yatırım fonu, katılım bankası, bireysel emeklilik, yatırım, enflasyon, çek ile finansal okuryazarlık tutum ve davranış bileşenleri arasında anlamlı farklılıklar tespit edilmiştir.
A qualitative approach to evaluate the reconciliation of GOLDX and OneGram in Islamic Finance
Authors: Abdeldayem Marwan Mohamed , Al Dulaimi Saeed Hameed , Al Dulaimi Fuaad Hameed
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this study is two-folded. The first purpose is to examine the perception of Islamic finance experts and Shariah scholars on the Islamic cryptocurrency (i.e., GOLDX and OneGram). The question is whether it has a role in reconciling cryptocurrency in Islamic finance. The second is to introduce the new Islamic cryptocurrency to serve these rich Islamic populaces. The study used a qualitative research approach by conducting interviews to explore the Islamic scholars’ views on the framework of the new Islamic cryptocurrency. The scholars have been deemed to meet particular requirements of having comprehensive knowledge and have extensive experience in both the Islamic Shariah and cryptocurrency. Accordingly, the number of such scholars was limited, and eventually, with the access offered only to five scholars from different Islamic countries. We thoroughly analyzed the collected data from the interviews. The findings reveal that Islamic law is absent on the essential models for the conventional cryptocurrency utilization(such as bitcoin) as either a legitimate or illicit apparatus exchange device. Consequently, introducing new Islamic cryptocurrencies is to reconcile cryptocurrencies such as GOLDX and OneGram. They will play a vital role in attracting more than 1.5 billion Muslims around the globe to enter the world of cryptocurrency.
An implementation of ensemble methods, logistic regression, and neural network for default prediction in Peer-to-Peer lending
Authors: Dzik-Walczak Aneta , Heba Mateusz
Published: July 2021

Credit scoring has become an important issue because competition among financial institutions is intense and even a small improvement in predictive accuracy can result in significant savings. Financial institutions are looking for optimal strategies using credit scoring models. Therefore, credit scoring tools are extensively studied. As a result, various parametric statistical methods, non-parametric statistical tools and soft computing approaches have been developed to improve the accuracy of credit scoring models. In this paper, different approaches are used to classify customers into those who repay the loan and those who default on a loan. The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of two credit scoring techniques, the logistic regression model estimated on categorized variables modified with the use of WOE (Weight of Evidence) transformation, and neural networks. We also combine multiple classifiers and test whether ensemble learning has better performance. To evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of these methods, the analysis is performed on Lending Club data. In addition, we investigate Peer-to-peer lending, also called social lending. From the results, it can be concluded that the logistic regression model can provide better performance than neural networks. The proposed ensemble model (a combination of logistic regression and neural network by averaging the probabilities obtained from both models) has higher AUC, Gini coefficient and Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistics compared to other models. Therefore, we can conclude that the ensemble model allows to successfully reduce the potential risks of losses due to misclassification costs.
Woman’s entrepreneurship – female participation in loss-making SMEs
Authors: Janovac Tatjana , Jovanović Verica , Radanov Pavle , Virijević Jovanović Saša
Published: July 2021

The paper explores the ownership structure of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which fell into a debt crisis due to business failures, in order to indicate the differences between male and female entrepreneurs. We conducted the empirical research on a sample of 186 small and medium-sized loss-making enterprises in the Republic of Serbia. The results obtained by descriptive statistical analysis of the observed sampleshow that the participation of female companies among loss-making enterprises is considerably low. The ratio of companies owned by women and those owned by men was 18.8%: 81.2%. Furthermore, we have recorded a significant difference in the amounts of debt, indicating that female companies have significantly lower debt rates when compared to those owned by men. The findings of this research can be applied as a strategic framework for policymakers to encourage female entrepreneurship.
Making Indonesia as Integrated Halal Zone and World Halal Sector Hub Through the Implementation of Halal Supply Chain
Authors: Hasan Zulfikar
Published: July 2021

Halal supply chain management is one of the implementations that has been undertaken by several countries in the world, and even countries with a majority non-Muslim population. The halal sector in the world has developed quite rapidly. It has penetrated to all fields, one of which is Islamic banking and finance which has evolved quite well in helping the economy of a country. The research used in this research is descriptive qualitative research as an illustration in the Halal Supply Chain process that has been used by several states that have successfully implemented this system. Halal Supply Chain is a cycle that has been set by each country and has standards that guide the processing of a product, so it reaches the consumer. Indonesia is determined to become the centre of the halal world through the implementation of the halal supply chain in the form of Integrated Halal Zone (IHZ), IHZ is one of the functions to encourage the halal industry to develop and be able to compete with other countries quickly. Additionally, the Indonesian Ulema Council and the Ministry of Religion can easily oversee halal product standards from upstream to downstream. Hopefully the results of this research will contribute to the academic world and practitioners of Islamic economics.
The Efficacy of Entrepreneurship Orientation on SMEs' Performance
Authors: Kowo Solomon Akpoviroro , Akanmu Popoola Mufutau
Published: July 2021

Entrepreneurial Orientation is a key source of intangible value for organizations to sustain the competitive advantage through highlighting the new opportunities available in the business environment, exploiting them optimally and making them successful especially in a highly competitive business environment. EO has emerged as an area of research and EO impact studies have become a sub-field in Entrepreneurship Education research. The objectives of the study are to determine the effect of Organizational Culture on EO and also to examine the effect of Entrepreneurship Orientation (EO) on firm performance. The study population refers to the managers of SMEs that are registered with the Small and Medium Enterprises Development Agency of Nigeria (SMEDAN) in Lagos State. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation efficient and regression analysis was adopted. The research found that organizational culture is EO driven. Entrepreneurial orientation can be supported through organizational culture hence; organizational culture may have the capability to influence SMEs performance and therefore can lead to enhancement in competitiveness.  The study also found a positive relationship between EO and firm performance which can be interpreted by the fact that a high EO level in firms shows that the firm is highly innovative, proactive and capable of undertaking risky activities. The study recommends that Entrepreneurial Orientation should be encouraged in the SME sector by undertaking different policy measures, there by resulting in better performance. The firm’s performance can be leveraged to enhance organizational learning processes, creative performance, corporate performance, improved decision making processes and adaptation to a rapidly changing work environment.
Perceived Social Support as Moderator Variable Between the Attitude of Becoming A Social Entrepreneur (ATB) On Social Entrepreneurial Intention
Authors: Jadmiko Purbo
Published: July 2021

This research is motivated by the development of the social entrepreneurship topic among students. This research focused on analyzing the antecedents of social entrepreneurial intention by involving attitudes towards becoming a social entrepreneur (ATB) and social support. A total of 208 students at Universitas Bung Hatta became respondents with the criteria of having taken lectures for at least two semesters. Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) method was used to test the moderating hypothesis (perceived social support). This research shows that the higher the perceived social support perceived by students, the stronger the influence between ATB on social entrepreneurial intention. In this research, perceived social support plays a moderator role (purely moderated) in the relationship between ATB and social entrepreneurial intention. In addition, interesting findings of the moderating effect by gender where women have a higher moderating effect than men. One of the limitations of this research is that the sample was only within the scope of students. Hopefully, future researches can expand the scope of the sample, such as involving social entrepreneurs, so that the generalization of research results can be better. In addition, this research still has not linked several elements of context and factors, including culture, gender differences, personality characteristics, to the context of differences in developed and developing countries (local wisdom).
Islamic Financing Effects on Small Medium Enterprises Competitiveness
Authors: Adelekan Adedeji Saidi
Published: July 2021

Islamic financing has been identified as an alternative to conventional financial services. However, the extent to which the Islamic financing model could drive small and medium enterprises' (SMEs) competitiveness has been a significant concern in the existing literature. Hence, this study investigates the impact of Islamic financing on SMEs' competitiveness.Adopting the survey research design, the study investigated 400 SME owners/managers in the Southern part of Nigeria. The study employed the ordinary least square regression in the analysis of data. The result establishes that Islamic finance is a significant driver of SMEs' competitiveness. The results specifically reveal that Islamic finance is critical in driving product price, customer experience, and quality of products. The practical implication of Islamic finance may reduce its operational cost since it comes at a no-interest rate while giving room for more innovative prices and customer-centric products at competitive prices. SMEs are to leverage on the opportunities provided by Islamic finance for them to adopt sustainable business practices
Myxopapillary ependymoma in a 6-year-old girl with paraplegia- timely intervention enabled complete recovery
Authors: Rajeshwari N. , Savitha A. , Prahada J. , Rajkumar S. , Nandini G.
Published: July 2021

Intramedullary spinal cord tumors accounts for 4-10% of all central nervous system tumors and 35-40% of all intraspinal tumors in children. Biological behavior of these tumors is slow progression and often may not be recognized till they have attained significant size. Back pain, motor weakness, frequent falls and   gait disturbances are the presenting complaints. Myxopapillary ependymoma is WHO grade 1 tumor associated with very good prognosis. Early diagnosis and complete surgical resection are the treatment of choice. We reported this case to emphasize the fact that appropriate diagnosis and complete surgical resection of the intraspinal tumor in a child with paraplegia with acute retention of urine with grade 0 power enabled complete neurological recovery.
Mucormycosis (the black fungus) during COVID-19 pandemic: growing concerns of immunosuppressive therapy and uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
Authors: Islam M. Tanvir , Parvin Masuda , Nasir Morshed
Published: July 2021

In recent days rare but aggressive fungal disease in the form of mucormycosis has emerged and become a health concern mostly for the patients suffering from severe COVID-19 infection, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, and patients who receive immunosuppressive therapies for diseases like malignancies. Many studies have demonstrated the relationship between COVID-19, immunosuppressive therapies, diabetes mellitus, and mucormycosis. In diabetes mellitus, poor glycemic control allows the fungi to produce pathogenesis. On the other hand, immunosuppression causes compromised neutrophil function that inhibits phagocytosis and the fusion of phagolysosome. Epidemiological data has proved that the incidence of mucormycosis from a global perspective has been on the rise and it has an association with an increasing number of diabetic cases in the world. In countries like India, Nepal, and Bangladesh where the number of diabetic and cancer patients has been growing constantly, mucormycosis could be a serious health concern in near future. Much more scientific studies, statistical analysis, and engagement of health experts are needed to combat the situation.
Мікробіологічне забруднення моторних палив: аналіз та ідентифікація в підприємствах паливозабезпечення
Authors: Matvyeyeva Olena , Vovk Yuliia , Nilow Oleksandr
Published: July 2021

Мета: метою даної роботи є встановлення причино-наслідкових зв’язків мікробіологічного забруднення вуглеводневих палив та визначення заходів, що зменшують негативні наслідки цього явища.  Проблема мікробіологічного забруднення полягає в тому, що якість палива та експлуатаційна надійність обладнання погіршуються. Ця стаття показує, що основними наслідками мікробіологічного ушкодження палива для газотурбінних двигунів є мікробіологічна корозія деталей та забруднення. Також наведені мікроорганізми-деструктори вуглеводневого палива, основні причини їх присутності в паливі, проаналізовані технологічні процеси, під час яких найчастіше продукується мікробіологічне забруднення. Розглянуто особливості розвитку мікробіологічного забруднення палива для авіаційного та наземного транспорту. Методи: експрес-методи та довгострокові методи, які використовуються для визначення мікробіологічних забруднень. Для ідентифікації використовувались методи прямого посіву. Стійкість до мікробіологічних пошкоджень палива в цій роботі визначали за допомогою методу MicrobMonitor 2, який рекомендований IATA та ICAO. Результати: було проведено дослідження зразків палива Jet-A1, відібраних із резервуарів аеропорту. Більшість досліджених зразків показали наявність мікробіологічних включень, де присутні різні типи мікроорганізмів. Застосування таких заходів, як: своєчасне проведення контрольного огляду, видалення «вільної» води з паливних баків, періодичний контроль наявності мікробіологічного забруднення палива на всіх етапах його експлуатації, використання рекомендованої методології та розробка нових методів експрес-діагностики можуть суттєво мінімізувати рівень ризику.
Окисна стабільність змащувальних матеріалів з фулереновими наноприсадками
Authors: Yefymenko Valerii , Kravchuk Tetiana , Yefimenko Oleksandr
Published: July 2021

Мета: Метою даної статті є дослідження можливості застосування фулеренових присадок до паливно-мастильних матеріалів для покращення їх окисної стабільності та визначення концентрації наноприсадок у вуглеводневих розчинах. Методи: У статті розглянуто метод підвищення окисної стабільності оливи Сastrol Magnetеc SAE 5w-30 шляхом добавки фулерену С60, а також методику визначення вмісту наноприсадок у вуглеводневих рідинах. Результати: Визначено оптимальні концентрації фулеренових присадок та розроблено методику фотоколориметричного визначення їх концентрацій у змащувальних матеріала, отримані данні оптичних властивостей розчинів С60 та проведені розрахунки кількісті фулерену у розчині. Обговорення: Запропоновано використання фулеренів в якості антиокиснювальної присадки, що значно поліпшує термоокисну стабільність олив та методику визначення їх вмісту.
Interlanguage interference in the acquisition of foreign language pronunciation
Authors: Assanova D. , Knol M.
Published: July 2021

When considering interference from a psycholinguistic point of view, it becomes obvious that the speech flow is automatically divided into bundles of differential features that are identical to the elements of the native language. Signs of phonemes that are irrelevant from the point of view of the phonological system of the native language, but differentially significant from the point of view of the foreign language, are discarded, and, conversely, signs that are absolutely insignificant for a non-native language are the main ones in the perception and reproduction of speech in a foreign language. Thus, it turns out that a native speaker of any language turns any unfamiliar sound (or any sound sequence) into a sequence of phonemes of the native language, resulting in an incorrect phonological interpretation. The properties of a bilingual, which are determined by the phonological hearing that exists in his linguistic consciousness, can be considered the most general explanation of the phenomenon of interference itself. Teachers and methodologists pay considerable attention to this phenomenon primarily because the process of superimposing the systems of the native language on the system of the non-native (or interference) generates an accent in the speech of a bilingual native speaker, which is like a kind of mirror, where the signs of the native language are reflected. If the accent is a system of stable skills of incorrect speaking, then the mistakes in pronunciation that inevitably occur in the speech of a bilingual when learning a folk language are random, but they are often difficult to correct. In order to quickly correct them, teachers should know the reasons for their occurrence.
A lecture together as an innovative method in teaching toxicological chemistry
Authors: Tulegenova G.A. , Sagynbazarova A.B. , Urasgaliev K.SH.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses the lecture method, together in the teaching of toxicological chemistry at the Department of Pharmaceutical Disciplines, which provides knowledge, the formation of skills and development of the students' value system, professional skills and competencies.
Роль социального бизнеса в современном мире
Authors: Новосёлова И.И. , Сморчкова В.И.
Published: July 2021

Настоящая статья посвящена особенностям ведения бизнеса, ориентированного на решение социальных, культурных или экологических проблем в современном обществе. В настоящее время социальные предприниматели пытаются прогнозировать, решать и творчески реагировать на будущие проблемы, стоящие перед современным обществом. В этой связи вопросы изучения и поддержки данного направления деятельности, в том числе со стороны государства, является актуальными и подлежащими детальному изучению. В процессе изложения материала также представлены сведения о наиболее известных социальных предпринимателях, популяризировавших данное направление деятельности.
Газ как связующее звено между Россией и Германией
Authors: Абрамкин Г.В. , Муравьева Е.К.
Published: July 2021

В настоящее время "Газпром" является монополистом в российском газовом секторе, а также представляет российскую энергетическую отрасль в Германии. Политика "Газпрома" связана с проблемами "Северного потока-2". Это беспокоит контрагентов двух стран. Целью исследования является анализ существующих партнерских отношений между двумя странами и выработка идей по дальнейшему сотрудничеству.
The Role of Prehabilitation in Patients Undergoing Pancreatoduodenal Resection
Authors: Koshel' Andrej Petrovich , Drozdov Evgenij Sergeevich , Topolnitskiy Evgenij Bogdanovich , Klokov Sergej S , Shefer Nikolay Anatolievich
Published: July 2021

Background. Currently, the introduction of pre-rehabilitation programs has shown its effectiveness in various sections of abdominal surgery, however, its role in surgical pancreatology is still not entirely clear Aim. To study the effectiveness of the implementation of pre-rehabilitation programs (preoperative exercises and diet therapy) during the waiting period for surgery and their effect on the physical and nutritional status, as well as postoperative complications and the duration of hospital stay in patients who underwent pancreatoduodenal resection. Material and methods. A prospective study was carried out including 44 patients who underwent pancreatoduodenal resection. The patients included in the study were divided into two groups. The control group (23 patients) preoperative preparation, which was carried out according to the standard method. The main group consisted of 21 patients who underwent pre-rehabilitation. Results. Among the patients in the compared groups, there were no statistically significant differences in age, gender, ASA and body mass index, concomitant diseases, and basic laboratory parameters. In the group of patients who underwent pre-rehabilitation, there was a statistically significant increase in the 6-minute walk test (p = 0.02), as well as the prognostic nutritional index (p = 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference between the compared groups in the incidence of major postoperative complications (Clavien - Dindo III / IV) (p = 0.8), clinically significant pancreatic fistulas (p = 0.5), and mortality (p = 0, 6), however, in the pre-rehabilitation group there was a significant decrease in the incidence of gastric evacuation disorders in comparison with the control group (9.5% versus 34.8%, p = 0.04). The average postoperative bed-day was 16.1 5.6 days in the pre-rehabilitation group and 19.8 6.2 days in the control group (p = 0.04). Conclusion. The introduction of pre-rehabilitation in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenal resection is effective and allows improving the physical and nutritional status of the patient, reducing the postoperative bed day and reducing the frequency of delayed gastric evacuation.