bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A GIS-Based Modeling Approach for Determining the Efficiency of the Traffic System between Ancient Military Castles
Authors: Tan Lifeng , Liu Huanjie , Zhou Jiayin , Zhang Yukun , Liu Jiayi , Shen Shenge , Li Tong , Wang Chaonan , Lin Wanjing
Published: October 2021

Ancient Chinese military castles were equipped with rapid transportation routes for mutual aid, and this was an essential indicator of regional defense capability. However, since the sites of these transportation routes have mostly disappeared, it is not easy to examine the actual distribution of these routes. It is necessary to speculate the trend and position of military routes on the basis of the castle locations. In this study, the geographic features of each castle location were extracted as factors affecting the efficiency of the intercastle transportation system using the ArcGIS cost path function. By analyzing the fit of each factor for screening and weight assignment, a time cost path was established, and a model was generated for calculating the efficiency of this transportation system. The Weihai area, a typical representation of sea defense during the Chinese Ming Dynasty, was taken as an example for simulation. Overall, five ancient military transportation routes were restored. The establishment of the Ming Dynasty Wendengying transformed the linear defense layout of the Weihai region into a longitudinal network layout, and its site selection was of great benefit to the overall defense of the coastal citadel of Weihai. This model breaks the traditional limitations of relying on subjective speculation for ancient road restoration and dramatically improves its accuracy and credibility. Moreover, it makes a significant contribution to judging the road systems of ancient cities in different regions and provides a new idea to quantify the efficiency of ancient castle defenses.
HybridCTrm: Bridging CNN and Transformer for Multimodal Brain Image Segmentation
Authors: Sun Qixuan , Fang Nianhua , Liu Zhuo , Zhao Liang , Wen Youpeng , Lin Hongxiang
Published: October 2021

Multimodal medical image segmentation is always a critical problem in medical image segmentation. Traditional deep learning methods utilize fully CNNs for encoding given images, thus leading to deficiency of long-range dependencies and bad generalization performance. Recently, a sequence of Transformer-based methodologies emerges in the field of image processing, which brings great generalization and performance in various tasks. On the other hand, traditional CNNs have their own advantages, such as rapid convergence and local representations. Therefore, we analyze a hybrid multimodal segmentation method based on Transformers and CNNs and propose a novel architecture, HybridCTrm network. We conduct experiments using HybridCTrm on two benchmark datasets and compare with HyperDenseNet, a network based on fully CNNs. Results show that our HybridCTrm outperforms HyperDenseNet on most of the evaluation metrics. Furthermore, we analyze the influence of the depth of Transformer on the performance. Besides, we visualize the results and carefully explore how our hybrid methods improve on segmentations.
IOU-Guided Siamese Tracking
Authors: Bao Jianjun , Wang Haibo , Lv Chen , Luo Ke , Shen Xiaolin
Published: October 2021

Target tracking is currently a hot research topic in machine vision. The traditional target tracking algorithm based on the generative model selects target features manually, which has a simple structure and fast running speed, but it cannot meet the requirements of algorithm accuracy in complex scenes. Compared with traditional algorithms, due to the good performance, the tracking method based on full convolutional network has become one of the important methods of target tracking. However, the RPN-based Siamese network lacks positional reliability when predicting the target area. Aiming at the low tracking accuracy of the RPN-based Siamese network, this paper proposes an improved framework model named IoU-guided SiamRPN (IG-SiamRPN). In the proposed IG-SiamRPN, the IoU-guided branch is first constructed and sample pairs are generated through data augmentation. Then, the Jittered RoI is constructed to train the network to realize the direct prediction of the localization confidence of the candidate area. Subsequently, a target selection method based on predicted IoU scores is proposed, which uses predicted IoU scores instead of classification scores to optimize the target decision strategy of the Siamese network. Finally, an optimization-based fine-tuning method for the Siamese network frame is proposed, which solves the problem of location degradation and improves the performance of the algorithm. Compared with other state-of-the-art target tracking algorithms, experimental results on popular databases demonstrate that the proposed IG-SiamRPN can achieve better performance in both tracking accuracy and robustness.
First contact of care for persons with spinal cord injury: a general practitioner or a spinal cord injury specialist?
Authors: Touhami Dima , Brach Mirjam , Essig Stefan , Ronca Elias , Debecker Isabelle , Eriks-Hoogland Inge , Scheel-Sailer Anke , Münzel Nadja , Gemperli Armin
Published: October 2021

Background

Although general practitioners (GPs) are generally considered as the first point of contact for care, this may be different for persons with complex conditions, such as those with spinal cord injury (SCI). The objective of this study is to understand the differences in long-term care provision by GPs and SCI-specialists, by examining (1) the first contact of care for SCI health problems, (2) the morbidity profile and use of health-care services in relation to first contact, and (3) the factors associated with the choice of first contact.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study based on data derived from the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort Study Community Survey 2017, the main outcome measure was the reported first contact for SCI-specific care. This information was analysed using the chi-square test and logistic regression analysis of groups based on patient characteristics, use of health-care services and secondary health conditions assessed using the Spinal Cord Injury Secondary Conditions Scale (SCI-SCS).

Results

Out of 1294 respondents, 1095 reported their first contact for SCI-specific care; 56% indicated SCI-specialists and 44% specified GPs. On average, participants who first contacted a GP reported higher number of GP consultations (5.1 ± 5.2 vs. 3.9 ± 7.2), planned visits to ambulatory clinics (3.7 ± 7.3 vs. 3.6 ± 6.7) and hospital admissions (GP, 1.9 ± 1.7 vs. 1.5 ± 1.3), but lower number of visits to SCI-specialists (1.7 ± 1.8 vs. 2.6 ± 1.7) and of hospital days (22.8 ± 43.2 vs. 31.0 ± 42.8). The likelihood to contact a GP first was significantly higher in persons ≥75 years old (OR = 4.44, 95% CI = 1.85–10.69), Italian speakers (OR = 5.06, 95% CI = 2.44–10.47), had incomplete lesions (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.71–3.35), experiencing pain (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.04–2.09) or diabetes mellitus (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.05–3.27), but lower for those situated closer to SCI centres (OR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.93) or had higher SCI-SCS scores (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.86–0.99).

Conclusion

Age, language region, travel distance to SCI centres, lesion completeness, and occurrence of secondary conditions play a significant role in determining the choice of first contact of care, however there is still some unwarranted variation that remains unclear and requires further research.
Molecular epidemiology of hereditary ataxia in Finland
Authors: Lipponen Joonas , Helisalmi Seppo , Raivo Joose , Siitonen Ari , Doi Hiroshi , Rusanen Harri , Lehtilahti Maria , Ryytty Mervi , Laakso Markku , Tanaka Fumiaki , Majamaa Kari , Kytövuori Laura
Published: October 2021

Background

The genetics of cerebellar ataxia is complex. Hundreds of causative genes have been identified, but only a few cause more than single cases. The spectrum of ataxia-causing genes differs considerably between populations. The aim of the study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of ataxia in the Finnish population.

Patients and methods

All patients in hospital database were reviewed for the diagnosis of unspecified ataxia. Acquired ataxias and nongenetic ataxias such as those related to infection, trauma or stroke were excluded. Sixty patients with sporadic ataxia with unknown etiology and 36 patients with familial ataxia of unknown etiology were recruited in the study. Repeat expansions in the SCA genes (ATXN1, 2, 3, 7, 8/OS, CACNA1A, TBP), FXN, and RFC1 were determined. Point mutations in POLG, SPG7 and in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were investigated. In addition, DNA from 8 patients was exome sequenced.

Results

A genetic cause of ataxia was found in 33 patients (34.4%). Seven patients had a dominantly inherited repeat expansion in ATXN8/OS. Ten patients had mitochondrial ataxia resulting from mutations in nuclear mitochondrial genes POLG or RARS2, or from a point mutation m.8561C > G or a single deletion in mtDNA. Interestingly, five patients were biallelic for the recently identified pathogenic repeat expansion in RFC1. All the five patients presented with the phenotype of cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia (CANVAS). Moreover, screening of 54 patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy revealed four additional patients with biallelic repeat expansion in RFC1, but none of them had cerebellar symptoms.

Conclusions

Expansion in ATXN8/OS results in the majority of dominant ataxias in Finland, while mutations in RFC1 and POLG are the most common cause of recessive ataxias. Our results suggest that analysis of RFC1 should be included in the routine diagnostics of idiopathic ataxia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth polyneuropathy.
Coffee consumption and the risk of cerebrovascular disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Chan Lung , Hong Chien-Tai , Bai Chyi-Huey
Published: October 2021

Background

Stroke is a crucial health threat to adults worldwide. Despite extensive knowledge of risk-factor mitigation, no primary prevention exists for healthy people. Coffee is a widely consumed beverage globally. Health benefit of coffee for several neurological diseases has been identified; however, the association between stroke risk and coffee consumption in healthy people has not been determined. We investigated the effect of coffee on stroke risk by conducting a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Methods

Electronic databases, namely PubMed, BioMed Central, Medline, and Google Scholar, were searched using terms related to stroke and coffee. Articles that described clear diagnostic criteria for stroke and details on coffee consumption were included. The reference lists of relevant articles were reviewed to identify eligible studies not shortlisted using these terms. Enrolled studies were grouped into three outcome categories: overall stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and ischemic stroke.

Results

Seven studies were included and all of them were large-scale, long-term, follow-up cohort studies of a healthy population. Upon comparing the least-coffee-consuming groups from each study, the meta-analysis revealed a reduction in the risk of overall stroke during follow-up (hazard ratio [HR] for overall stroke = 0.922, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.855–0.994, P = 0.035). In studies with a clear definition of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke, coffee consumption reduced the risk of ischemic stroke more robustly than that of hemorrhagic stroke (hemorrhagic, HR = 0.895, 95% CI = 0.824–0.972, P = .008; ischemic, HR = 0.834, 95% CI = 0.739–0.876, P < .001). No obvious dose-dependent or U-shaped effect was observed.

Conclusions

Coffee consumption reduces the risk of overall stroke, especially ischemic stroke. Further investigation is required to identify beneficial components in coffee, including caffeine and phenolic acids, to develop preventive medication for stroke.
Hypovitaminosis D and risk factors in pediatric epilepsy children
Authors: Likasitthananon Napakjira , Nabangchang Charcrin , Simasathien Thitiwan , Vichutavate Suchavadee , Phatarakijnirund Voraluck , Suwanpakdee Piradee
Published: October 2021

Background

Anti-seizure medication (ASM) treatment is one of the significant risk factors associated with abnormal vitamin D status in epilepsy patients. Multiple studies have shown that adult epilepsy patients can exhibit vitamin D deficiency. However, there are few reports investigating pediatric epilepsy patients. In this study, we aimed to identify risk factors related to hypovitaminosis D in pediatric epilepsy patients in Thailand.

Methods

A cross-sectional retrospective cohort study was conducted in 138 pediatric epilepsy patients who received anticonvulsants from April 2018 to January 2019. Demographic data, seizure types, puberty status, physical activity, duration, and types of anti-seizure medications were analyzed. Patients with abnormal liver function, abnormal renal function, and who received vitamin D supplements or ketogenic diet containing vitamin D were excluded. Levels of serum vitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured.

Results

All 138 subjects were enrolled, the age ranged from 1.04 – 19.96 years; (mean = 9.65 ± 5.09), the mean serum 25(OH) D level was 26.56 ± 9.67 ng/ml. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was 23.2% and insufficiency was 47.8% respectively. Two risk factors—puberty status (OR 5.43, 95% CI 1.879-15.67) and non-enzyme-inhibiting ASMs therapy (OR 3.58, 95% CI 1.117-11.46)—were significantly associated with hypovitaminosis D, as shown by multivariate analyses.

Conclusions

Our study reports the high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D in pediatric epilepsy patients in Thailand despite being located in the tropical zone. These findings can guide clinicians to measure vitamin D status in pediatric epilepsy patients particularly when they reach puberty and/or are using non-enzyme-inhibiting ASMs therapy. Early detection of vitamin D status and prompt vitamin D supplementation can prevent fractures and osteoporosis later in life.

Trial registration

TCTR20210215005 (http://www.clinicaltrials.in.th/).
Young people’s romantic relationships and sexual activity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Yarger Jennifer , Gutmann-Gonzalez Abigail , Han Sarah , Borgen Natasha , Decker Martha J.
Published: October 2021

Background

Social distancing measures to reduce the spread of COVID-19 may profoundly impact young people’s relationships. This study compared adolescent and young adults’ romantic relationships and sexual activity before and after social distancing policies were enacted.

Methods

In June 2020, 351 youth participating in an ongoing intervention study in Fresno County, California completed an online survey about their experiences related to COVID-19. The survey included open and closed-ended questions about their romantic relationships, sexual activity, and online romantic or sexual interactions before and during social distancing restrictions. We used the chi-square test of independence to compare adolescent (ages 13–17) and young adults’ (ages 18–21) responses. Results were also compared to responses in the intervention study’s baseline survey.

Results

One-third (37%) of youth were dating or in a romantic relationship and 28% spent time in person with a partner early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Among those dating or in a relationship, 34% physically distanced from their partner due to parental restrictions related to COVID-19. Youth also spent less time in person with their partners during the pandemic than before. Although most youth (69%) were not sexually active before or during the pandemic, 22% had sex during the social distancing period. Young adults were more likely to spend time with their partners and have sex during the restrictions than adolescents. Most youth were not involved in sexting or online dating, before or during the pandemic.

Conclusions

Adolescents and young adults have continued to engage in sexual and romantic relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic, although many reported physical distancing from their partners. Results suggest that youth continue to need access to sexual health education and services during emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Use of WhatsApp®, for distance teaching during COVID-19 pandemic: Experience and perception from a sub-Saharan African setting
Authors: Enyama Dominique , Balti Eric Vounsia , Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul , Ngongang Ouankou Christian , Kemta Lekpa Fernando , Noukeu Njinkui Diomede , Fouogue Jovanny Tsuala , Mayouego Kouam Jeanne , Njateng Guy Sedar Singor , Kenfack Bruno , Watcho Pierre , Choukem Simeon Pierre
Published: October 2021

Background

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, to palliate to the lockdown and cover academic programs, the faculty of medicine and pharmaceutical sciences (FMPS) of the university of Dschang (UDs) in Cameroon has implemented e-learning using WhatsApp®.

Aim

Describe the opinion of students and lecturers after its implementation of e-learning at the FMPS of UDs.

Methods

We designed a uniform teaching scheme using WhatsApp® during the university lockdown. Students and members of the teaching staff of the FMPS of UDs were enrolled after receiving clear information on the study implementation. At the end of the online-teaching period of two and a half months, we surveyed our students and teaching staff. Sociodemographic characteristics and opinions about e-learning were collected using a standard questionnaire.

Results

We enrolled 229 students and 40 lecturers of the FMPS. Students reported a decremented quality of internet connection (p < 0.001, p-homogeneity < 0.001) despite an increased expenditure related to internet use. Electronic devices were broadly used before the implementation of mobile learning. The use of course materials was significantly more challenging among students because of the size/format of lecture notes and internet connection/cost (all p < 0.05). Perception of discipline compared to classroom-based lessons was not significantly different among students compared to lecturers (all p > 0.05). While lecturers were mainly more comfortable conveying the contents of their lectures, students tended to be less prone to actively participate. The motivation and satisfaction of the latter group toward e-learning were modest compared to classroom-based lectures while their feedback about the organization was positive.

Conclusions

E-learning using WhatsApp® could be an effective alternative to conventional classroom-based lessons in the context of COVID-19 pandemic. The use of a blended-learning program including classroom-based sessions could help improve its limitations.
Visual outcomes of cataract surgery: An observational study of ten years from a tertiary eye care hospital in Pakistan
Authors: Ahsan Shahid , Memon Muhammad Saleh , Bukhari Sadia , Mahmood Tauseef , Fahim Muhammad Faisal , Haseeb Uzma , Arslan Muhammad
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To observe and analyze the visual outcomes of cataract surgery of ten years at a tertiary eye care hospital, Karachi.

Methods: An observational study with retrospective data search was conducted in Al Ibrahim Eye Hospital (AIEH), Karachi. Data of all adults (above 16 years) who underwent cataract surgery from 2010-2019 was retrieved from HIMS. Presence of opacity in the lens was labelled as cataract. Surgery was advised when patient’s BCVA was found to be 6/18. Visual assessments of the patients were done on day 01, one week and six weeks postoperatively. Postoperatively, 6/6 – 6/12 was considered as good, 6/18 as mild visual impairment, < 6/18 to 6/60 as moderate visual impairment and < 6/60 as severe visual impairment.

Results: A total of 1,027,840 patients visited AIEH with different eye diseases. Among 1027840 individuals, cataract was identified in 88443 (8.6%). Surgery was advised to 58371 and performed in 38616. Records of operated cases (38616) were retrieved. Mean age of patients was 54.96±14.22 years. There were 20578 (53.29%) males and 18038 (46.71%) females who underwent surgery . At the end of sixth week, 3561 (18.4%), patients were found to have “good vision”, 12242 (63.43%) had mild visual impairment, 2676 (13.86%) had moderate visual impairment and 822 (4.26%) had severe visual impairment. Corneal Complications was the commonest cause (33.56%) at sixth week.

Conclusions: The institution achieved WHO recommended criteria of “good visual outcome” (6/6 to 6/18) of 81.83% which is near to recommended ≥ 90% and severe visual impairment of 4.26%.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4428

How to cite this:Ahsan S, Memon MS, Bukhari S, Mahmood T, Fahim MF, Haseeb U, et al. Visual outcomes of cataract surgery: An observational study of ten years from a tertiary eye care hospital in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2021;37(7):---------.  doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.7.4428

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Transitioning end-of-life care from hospital to the community: case report
Authors: Lino Pedro , Williams Mary
Published: October 2021

Palliative/end-of-life care is an integral part of the district nursing service. There is increasing demand for palliative care to be delivered in the community setting. Therefore, there is a need for excellent collaboration between staff in primary and secondary care settings to achieve optimum care for patients. This article critically analyses the care delivered for a palliative patient in the hospital setting and his subsequent transition to the community setting. The importance of effective communication, holistic assessment in palliative care, advance care planning, organisational structures and the socio-cultural aspects of caring for patients at the end of life are discussed. Additionally, the article highlights the impact of substandard assessment and communication and the consequent effect on patients and families.
Prescribing practice: an overview of the principles
Authors: Mitchell Aby , Pearce Reuben
Published: October 2021

Nurse prescribing has become a well-established aspect of advanced clinical practice working alongside key NHS principles and drivers to address the increasing complexities in patient care and the demands on the health service. Prescribing practice is governed by ethical and legal principles to ensure a holistic patient-centred approach. It has been recognised as a valuable resource that could effectively transform healthcare services to reduce hospital admissions and long hospital stays and improve the quality of life for patients with long-term conditions and multiple comorbidities. This article will provide an overview of prescribing practice.
The need to reflect, declutter, reappraise, reset and decolonise
Authors: Tingle John , Cattini Amanda
Published: October 2021

John Tingle and Amanda Cattini discuss some current ‘buzzwords’ that raise important issues in patient safety policy development and practice
Service improvement in a nurse-led clinic for extracorporeal photopheresis
Authors: Button Paul M , Child Fiona , Mootien Manda , Saglam Sukran , Magsino Joanne , Dhanoia Harwinder
Published: October 2021

The skin tumour unit at one London hospital has been providing extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) treatment since 2012, using an online fully integrated system. This report summarises 9 years of continuous process improvement, which has enabled the team to meet the growing demand for ECP treatments for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) patients. The unit formed a partnership with a lean-management company to go through the process of evaluation of capacity constraints, design layout and patient scheduling. Methods: Increased capacity year-on-year and over the 9-year period was calculated based on data collected from records. The authors reviewed the nurse staffing resources allocated for ECP treatments over the same period, and financial value created by the continuous improvement (additional number of treatments multiplied by the national tariff for ECP treatments). Results: In 2012 the average number of ECP treatments per nurse per week was 11. With the implementation of the new planning tool, and improved working practices, the average number of treatments per nurse per week has more than doubled to 23. Nurse staffing was maintained at 4 nurses per shift to deliver ECP treatments. The unit recorded additional revenue of approximately £3.2 million in 2020 compared with 2012. Conclusions: The team has successfully increased the capacity of the service to deliver treatments without incurring any additional nursing costs, resulting in more patients with CTCL and GvHD being able to access ECP treatment and a cost benefit for the Trust. The service continues in its mission to grow and provide a superior patient experience.
A guide to Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas: similarities and differences
Authors: Holdsworth Fiona , Worku Dominic , Bretton Alanna le , Vella Claire , Walker Emma
Published: October 2021

In the extraordinary times the COVID-19 pandemic has created for cancer patients and the health professionals caring for them, the need for strong knowledge and understanding of disease processes and treatments has never been more important. This article presents a review of Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. These two common haematology diagnoses are frequently suspected by GPs and non-cancer professionals, and subsequently treated by haematologists and chemotherapy outpatient departments across the country. It is therefore important for all health professionals, including nurses in all settings, to be aware of the main characteristics of both of these lymphomas. There are strong similarities and striking differences between the disease processes, the presenting symptoms, prognostics and treatment pathways. The age of presentation in each is markedly different. There is a significant contrast in the number of subtypes between the two diagnoses, but the presenting symptoms are similar as are investigations required for diagnoses.
Living with an MPN in Ireland: patients' and caregivers' perspectives
Authors: Walpole Geraldine , Kelly Mary , Lewis Joy , Gleeson Avril , Cullen Ann-Marie , Wochal Paulina
Published: October 2021

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are associated with a high disease burden, reduced quality of life and shortened survival. The aim of this questionnaire was to gain patients' and caregivers' perspectives on the impact of living with an MPN in the Republic of Ireland. An Irish adaptation of the ‘Global MPN Landmark survey’ was conducted. Fifty-one patients and 44 caregivers completed the questionnaire. Patients reported a wide variety of symptoms at the time of questionnaire completion; fatigue, bone pain and pruritus being most frequently reported. Approximately one-third of respondents from each of the groups (patients and caregivers) reported a negative impact of MPNs on their emotional wellbeing and daily lives. The study findings revealed that, despite treatment, symptom burden remains high, and several unmet needs exist, including educational, emotional and peer group support. Interventions that focus on reducing symptom burden and addressing these unmet needs, may improve the quality of life for patients with MPNs and their caregivers.
Helping to protect cancer nurses from exposure to hazardous drugs
Authors: Clark Christine
Published: October 2021

Freelance medical writer Christine Clark ( chris@salt.u-net.com ) reports on an online meeting held in April 2021 on protecting nursing staff working in oncology from exposure to hazardous drugs
ESTRATÉGIAS DE APRENDIZAGEM UTILIZADAS POR GERENTES NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE SUAS COMPETÊNCIAS EM INSTITUIÇÕES FINANCEIRAS
Authors: Santoro Sergio , Bido Diógenes de Souza
Published: October 2021

As estratégias informais de aprendizagem no trabalho podem ser entendidas como práticas que as pessoas utilizam para auxiliar na obtenção de conhecimentos em um contexto profissional específico (HOLMAN et al., 2001), e o desenvolvimento de competências, por sua vez, ocorre por meio da aprendizagem (SONNENTAG; NIESSEN; OHLY, 2004). Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral identificar as estratégias de aprendizagem no trabalho utilizadas por gerentes no desenvolvimento de suas competências em instituições financeiras pública e privada. O tipo de metodologia utilizado foi a pesquisa qualitativa interpretativa básica, e a coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados obtidos indicam que, tanto para os gerentes pertencentes ao banco público quanto para aqueles oriundos do banco privado, há uma preferência natural pela utilização da estratégia de aprendizagem busca por ajuda interpessoal, pois recorrer a pares ou a superiores hierárquicos é mais prático e rápido.
AVALIAÇÃO DA SUSTENTABILIDADE DO PLANO DAS BACIAS DOS RIOS PIRAICABA, CAPIVARI E JUNDIAÍ 2020-2035: ANÁLISE DOS INDICADORES DE DISPONIBILIDADE E DEMANDAS HÍDRICAS
Authors: Sugahara Cibele Roberta , Martins Audrey Moretti , Jucá Lorena Braga Quintella , Mariosa Duarcides Ferreira
Published: October 2021

A água, recurso natural fundamental para a vida humana, está heterogeneamente distribuída no planeta. No âmbito das bacias hidrográficas dos rios Piracicaba, Jundiaí e Capivari, a preocupação com o atendimento das necessidades da população de forma perene e sustentável e melhorias das condições do balanço hídrico tem suscitado ações por parte das Agências reguladoras. O objetivo do trabalho é analisar os indicadores de disponibilidade e demandas hídricas das Bacias PCJ, visando apontar como o modelo de avaliação de sustentabilidade proposto por Gibson pode ser adotado a fim de garantir a sustentabilidade das bacias. A metodologia adotada é de natureza qualitativa, descritiva e exploratória com procedimento técnico documental. Conclui-se que o modelo de avaliação da sustentabilidade de Gibson pode contribuir para acompanhar a evolução das metas dos indicadores quanto à espacialização das demandas e do saldo hídrico.
Film Analysis in Management Research: Knowing Why and How to Use It
Authors: Leite Nildes Raimunda Pitombo , Pitombo Leite Fábio , Takerissa Nishimura Augusto , Batista da Silva Marco Antonio , Gomes dos Santos Emerson
Published: October 2021

Despite many recent peer-reviewed publications in scientific journals, broad understanding of the production of observational studies using film analysis seems to be lacking. This article reviews the increasing use of film analysis as a qualitative tool in studies in the field of management studies, with particular attention paid to why and how to use it. Hence, this review addresses questions such as: What are these studies? What are the factors that should be considered for them to continue being produced? What are the possibilities of locus? How is scientific rigor contemplated? As a result, enhanced qualitative, descriptive, inductive, interpretive, and reflective understanding of its methodological aspects is expected. Its contribution can support researchers interested in producing observational studies in film analysis, paying attention to the rigor of this research approach, applied in the specific step by step of each study and considering the chosen locus and object of study.

Keywords: Film Analysis. Qualitative Research.  Observational Studies.
Logiken der Bigamie
Authors: Griesebner Andrea , Lanzinger Margareth
Published: October 2021

For the Christian understanding of marriage, it was constitutive that marriage could be concluded only between one man and one woman. A perspective directed towards bigamy makes it clear that this normative matrix has been called into question not only on a discursive level, but also in practice. Based on bigamy proceedings in early modern Vienna and Lower Austria, the article enquires into the social logics of the couples as well as how the authorities dealt with dual marriages. Serial bigamy resulted mainly from the concept of the indissolubility of marriage as well as from the difficulty of proving the death of the rightful spouse. Three different settings provide insights into different attitudes found in both the religious and secular courts: first, the ecclesiastical handling of bigamous couples in a short period of tolerance in the 1560s and 1570s; second, claims for annulment of marriage or the resumption of legal marriage in the 17th and 18th centuries; and third, a dramatic bigamy trial that was heard in various instances of secular jurisdiction in the 1620s.
Law, Love and the Limits of Liberalism
Authors: Moses Julia
Published: October 2021

The creation of Imperial Germany in 1871 sparked a nationwide debate about the nature of marriage and the family. Behind these discussions was a common assumption: families were anchored in monogamous marriage. The assumption was so widely held that it was, with few exceptions, unspoken. It was revealed only in exceptional instances, for example, in confrontation with colonial others, bigamists who were deemed criminals or life reformers living on the fringes of mainstream society. By tapping into a discourse about civilization and human progress, it also linked discussions about the homeland and its overseas Empire. Drawing on a matrix of jurisprudence, social-scientific writings, tracts by social reformers, missionaries and government discussions, this article suggests that Germans embraced monogamy as the tacit rule of marital life within the boundaries of the metropole. Nonetheless, monogamy as a marital standard did not apply consistently within Germany’s overseas colonies. Instead, understandings of racial and religious difference, couched in a specific logic of imperial liberalism, predominated and meant that indigenous people were of ten left to continue their own family practices.
Kerntechnik als Sicherheitsversprechen
Authors: Brünig Sascha
Published: October 2021

In the mid-1970s, the dangers associated with nuclear power moved to the center of risk debates in Germany. Following the reactor accident at Three Mile Island (1979) and the Chernobyl disaster (1986), the West German nuclear industry’s business prospects severely deteriorated. How did the nuclear industry perceive and confront the challenge of nuclear skepticism? And how did this emerging challenge alter the perceived future of nuclear technology in the Federal Republic and beyond? The article argues that the nuclear industry did not passively accept the »depletion of utopian energies« (J. Habermas) to which the peaceful use of the atom was subjected. Instead, the industry worked to create new (utopian) prospects for nuclear power. The industry’s public relations campaign positioned nuclear power in two interrelated fields of insecurity: the decline of industrial society and environmental crises. Both threats, ran the argument put forth by nuclear proponents, could only be combatted by relying on nuclear power for electricity production. In this way, nuclear power was translated into a comprehensive promise of security that was intended to salvage the future of nuclear power as well as that of its investors in the face of growing anti-nuclear sentiment.
The Startup Selection Process in Accelerators: Qualitative Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Beyhan Berna , Akçomak Semih , Cetindamar Dilek
Published: October 2021

Startup selection is an essential mechanism of how accelerators create value. Through in-depth case studies of 10 accelerators in Turkey, our research explores the selection process in accelerators. Our findings indicate that accelerators overcome their context’s extreme uncertainty by involving various actors in the selection process and reducing the information asymmetries for investors and startups. Accelerators tend to select effortlessly coachable startups, willing to collaborate with accelerators, mentors, or other actors, and passionate enough to overcome the pressure of creating a business at a fast pace. Our research also exhibits that the selection process serves startups by directing and training them to transmit the right signals to receivers, primarily investors. Accelerators prefer to work with entrepreneurial teams that are coachable, passionate, and collaborative to vibrate the right signals. Similarly, the accelerators’ selection process helps investors by decreasing signaling noise and mitigate information asymmetry. By doing so, accelerators contribute to a well-functioning and more effective entrepreneurship ecosystem.
Synthesis, characteristic fragmentation patterns, and antibacterial activity of new azo compounds from the coupling reaction of diazobenzothiazole ions and acetaminophen
Authors: Tsemeugne Joseph , Nangmo Pamela Kemda , Mkounga Pierre , Tamokou Jean De Dieu , Kengne Iréne Chinda , Edwards Giles , Sopbué Emmanuel Fondjo , Nkengfack Augustin Ephrem
Published: October 2021

In this study, a series of azobenzothiazole dyes 4 were synthesized via diazotization of substituted benzothiazole derivatives followed by azo coupling with acetaminophen. The chemical structures of all synthesized compounds were confirmed using analytical data and spectroscopic techniques, including UV-visible, IR, mass spectra, and 1H- and 13C-NMR. The in situ formed diazobenzothiazole ions regiospecifically react with acetaminophen derivatives in the Hollemann-guided electrophilic aromatic substitution mechanism. The regio-orientations were established, on the one hand, by a rigorous interpretation of 1H-NMR spectra and, on the other hand, by the characteristic fragmentation patterns observed on the electrospray mass spectra. In the cases of 4a and 4b, multisubstitutions occurred. The antimicrobial activity of compound 4, along with all the starting materials, was investigated on Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01, Staphylococcus aureus 18, Escherichia coli 64R, and S. aureus ATCC 25923. The results showed that this skeletal framework exhibited marked potency as antibacterial agents. The most active antibacterial agent against both targeted organisms was compound 4a′.
Spike detection for calcium activity
Authors: Biermé Hermine , Constant Camille , Duittoz Anne , Georgelin Christine
Published: October 2021

We present in this paper a global methodology for the spike detection in a biological context of fluorescence recording of GnRH-neurons calcium activity. For this purpose we first propose a simple stochastic model that could mimic experimental time series by considering an autoregressive AR(1) process with a linear trend and specific innovations involving spiking times. Estimators of parameters with asymptotic normality are established and used to set up a statistical test on estimated innovations in order to detect spikes. We compare several procedures and illustrate on biological data the performance of our procedure.
The effects of processing parameters on the formation of oxide layers in aluminium alloys using plasma electrolytic oxidation technique
Authors: Jadhav Priya , Bongale Arunkumar , Kumar Satish
Published: October 2021

The plasma electrolytic method of oxidation (PEO) is a technique that is increasingly being used in industry to produce protective coatings and other surface treatments. The emphasis is then placed on the dielectric breakdown that repeatedly occurs across the surface of the workpiece. There is significant potential for more effective process control. Key study areas include the interrelation of electrical conditions, electrolyte composition, coating microstructure, and growth rates. With specific goals in terms of coating performance and energy efficiency, an attempt is made to identify key points that are likely to simplify this. The research aims to identify the optimized range of input parameters when the oxide layer is formed using the DC supply in the silicate-based electrolyte on Al 6061 substrate. For developing an oxide layer on Al 6061, a silicate-based electrolyte containing Na2SiO3 (10g/L), KOH (2g/L), and KMnO4 3 (g/lit) is applied. At the optimal parameter of DC supply with 190 V and 1.5 A, the maximal adoption of Mn particles was observed to be 34 percent.
Effect of insulin resistance on lung function in asthmatic children
Authors: Goyal Jagdish Prasad , Kumar Prawin , Thakur Chirag , Khera Daisy , Singh Kuldeep , Sharma Praveen
Published: October 2021

Objectives

Insulin resistance may be associated with impaired lung function. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between insulin resistance and lung function in asthmatic children.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional study on asthmatic children aged 6–18 years at Tertiary Care Center, India. Fasting serum glucose and insulin levels were analyzed to calculate the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in 90 children. Lung function tests were performed. Spearman correlation was used to assess the relationship between insulin resistance and lung function. Linear regression was done to adjust the potential confounders.

Results

Insulin resistance was present in 15.5% of patients. We found a statistically significant inverse relationship between HOMA-IR and spirometric parameters such as forced expiratory volume in 1 s/forced vital capacity ratio and forced expiratory flow between 25 and 75% on Spearman correlation. However, adjusted regression for age, gender, and body mass index showed no significant association of lung function parameters with HOMA-IR.

Conclusions

Insulin resistance may be considered for the decline in lung function in asthmatic children.
Thermal near-field tuning of silicon Mie nanoparticles
Authors: Assadillayev Artyom , Hinamoto Tatsuki , Fujii Minoru , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Raza Søren
Published: October 2021

Tunable high-refractive-index nanostructures are highly desired for realizing photonic devices with a compact footprint. By harnessing the large thermo-optic effect in silicon, we show reversible and wide thermal tuning of both the far- and near-fields of Mie resonances in isolated silicon nanospheres in the visible range. We perform in situ heating in a transmission electron microscope and electron energy-loss spectroscopy to show that the Mie resonances exhibit large spectral shifts upon heating. We leverage the spectral shifts to demonstrate near-field tuning between different Mie resonances. By combining electron energy-loss spectroscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, we show a reversible and stable operation of single silicon nanospheres up to a temperature of 1073 K. Our results demonstrate that thermal actuation offers dynamic near-field tuning of Mie resonances, which may open up applications in tunable nonlinear optics, Raman scattering, and light emission.
Insight into the significance of ramped wall temperature and ramped surface concentration: The case of Casson fluid flow on an inclined Riga plate with heat absorption and chemical reaction
Authors: Asogwa Kanayo K. , Bilal Sardar M. , Animasaun Isaac L. , Mebarek-Oudina Fateh M.
Published: October 2021

The importance of heat absorption and chemical reactions and their impact in engineering is increasingly appreciated. However, little is known about the effect of chemical reaction and heat absorption of ramped wall temperature and ramped surface concentration on a Casson fluid flow over a rapidly accelerated inclined Riga plate. The aim of the study, among other findings along an inclined Riga plate, is to address the impact of heat sink and chemical reaction over a ramped temperature and ramped surface concentration. By introducing relevant similarity variables, the dimensional governing equations are non-dimensionalized and parameterized. After that, the derived parameterized governing equations are solved analytically using the Laplace transform method. Graphs are used to discuss and analyse the effects of various physical parameters on momentum, energy, and concentration. The latest findings are verified by comparing them to previous results. Tables are also used to determine skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number expressions. Comparatively, it's worth noting that chemical reaction, Casson, and heat absorption parameters tend to escalate Skin friction for both ramped temperature and ramped surface concentration. Moreso, an increase in the chemical reaction and heat absorption parameters induces a decrease in the momentum distribution.
The effect of process design on refiner pulp quality control performance
Authors: Sund Johan , Sandberg Christer , Karlström Anders , Thungström Göran , Engstrand Per
Published: October 2021

In this study, the effect of process- and online analyser configuration on pulp quality control is explored. The following parameters were included: analyser sampling interval, time delay, measurement error magnitude, and latency chest residence time. Using different values of parameters in a process model, a range of configurations were constructed. For each configuration, the achievable control performance was evaluated using an optimization approach. PI controller settings were chosen based on minimization of the integrated absolute error (IAE) in pulp quality after an input step disturbance. The results show that reducing the sampling interval improves performance also when the interval is smaller than the chest residence time or the analyser delay. Moreover, reducing the chest residence time can reduce the IAE by up to 40 %. However, reducing the residence time to lower than 1/3 of the sampling interval does not improve performance. Further improvement is possible if the analyser delay is reduced. The compromise between reducing the IAE and avoiding creating variation by acting on measurement error has a strong influence on the results. In conclusion, pulp quality control performance can be improved significantly by making changes to the studied configuration parameters.
Investigation of the early-age performance and microstructure of nano-C–S–H blended cement-based materials
Authors: He Wei , Liao Gang
Published: October 2021

Nano calcium silicate hydrate (nano-C–S–H) has become a novel additive for advanced cement-based materials. In this paper, the effect of nano-C–S–H on the early-age performance of cement paste has been studied, and some micro-characterization methods were used to measure the microstructure of nano-C–S–H-modified cement-based material. The results showed that the initial fluidity of cement paste was improved after addition of nano-C–S–H, but the fluidity gradual loss increased with the dosage of nano-C–S–H. The autogenous shrinkage of cement paste can be reduced by up to 42% maximum at an appropriate addition of nano-C–S–H. The mechanical property of cement paste was enhanced noticeably after adding nano-C–S–H, namely, the compressive strengths were improved by 52% and 47.74% at age of 1 day and 7 days, respectively. More hydration products were observed and pore diameter of cement matrix was refined after adding nano-C–S–H, indicating that the early hydration process of cement was accelerated by nano-C–S–H. This was mainly attributed to seed effect of nano-C–S–H. The detailed relationship between microstructure and early-age performance was also discussed.
Kurt Daluege, die Stennes-Revolten 1930/31 und der Aufstieg der SS
Authors: Steger Sascha
Published: October 2021

In den Jahren 1930 und 1931 erschütterten zwei Revolten des SA-Führers Walter Stennes die im Dauerwahlkampf stehende NS-Bewegung. Die schnelle Niederschlagung beider Parteikrisen reklamierte die ostdeutsche Schutzstaffel unter Kurt Daluege für sich und verbreitete die Erzählung, Hitler habe die aufstrebende SS mit dem Leitspruch „Meine Ehre heißt Treue“ ausgezeichnet, um ihr für den aufopferungsvollen Einsatz gegen die Rebellen zu danken. Sascha Steger stellt dieses bis heute wirkmächtige Narrativ auf den Prüfstand, analysiert den tatsächlichen Verlauf der Stennes-Revolten und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die SS unter Daluege zwar treu zum „Führer“ stand, aber keine entscheidende Rolle bei der Beendigung der Auseinandersetzung spielte.