bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intervju med Ulf Christensen
Authors: Bråstad Jensen Eivind
Published: February 2018

Teksten gjengir et intervju foretatt med Ulf Christensen, 5. november 2008.
Intervju med Abraham Hallenstvedt
Authors: Bråstad Jensen Eivind
Published: February 2018

Teksten gjengir et intervju foretatt med Abraham Hallenstvedt, 19. november 2008.
Intervju med Jon Hellesnes
Authors: Bråstad Jensen Eivind
Published: February 2018

Teksten gjengir et intervju utført med Jon Hellesnes, 14. januar 2010.
Intervju med Mia Lervik
Authors: Bråstad Jensen Eivind
Published: February 2018

Teksten gjengir et intervju foretatt med Mia Lervik, 28. november 2010.
Intervju med Arne Nordøy
Authors: Bråstad Jensen Eivind
Published: February 2018

Teksten gjengir et intervju foretatt med Arne Nordøy, 8. oktober 2008.
Intervju med Helge Stalsberg
Authors: Bråstad Jensen Eivind
Published: February 2018

Teksten gjengir et intervju foretatt med Helge Stalsberg, 2. oktober 2008.
How Light‐Absorbing Properties of Organic Aerosol Modify the Asian Summer Monsoon Rainfall?
Authors: Chu Jung‐Eun , Kim Kyu‐Myong , Lau William K. M. , Ha Kyung‐Ja
Published: February 2018

Light‐absorbing aerosols not only contribute to Earth's radiative balance but also influence regional climate by cooling the surface and warming the atmosphere. Following recent suggestions that organic aerosols (OAs) absorb substantial amount of solar radiation, we examine the role of light‐absorbing properties of OA on Asian summer monsoon rainfall redistribution using observational data and an atmospheric general circulation model experiment. Results suggest that the enhanced light absorption by OA in Southeast Asia and Northeast Asia is associated with the advance of the Indian summer monsoon in May and the southward shift of East Asian summer monsoon rainband in June. The rainfall redistribution in May is induced by elevated orographic effect with a warm‐core upper‐level anticyclone and surface warming of 1–2 °C over the Tibetan Plateau, whereas that of the East Asian summer monsoon in June is formed by stable conditions associated with surface cooling and atmospheric warming around 30°N.
Adaptive Node Parameterization for Dynamic Determination of Boundaries and Nodes of GNSS Tomographic Models
Authors: Ding N. , Zhang S. B. , Wu S. Q. , Wang X. M. , Zhang K. F.
Published: February 2018

Water vapor is one of the primary greenhouse gases and significantly impacts the atmosphere. Water vapor is the most active meteorological element and varies rapidly in both the spatial and temporal domains. As a promising means, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) tomography has been used to construct the 3D distribution of water vapor in high resolutions. Currently, in the most commonly used node parameterization approaches, the region for the 3D modeling has a preset fixed regular shape for all tomographic epochs. As a result, too many unknown parameters need to be estimated and thus to degrade the performance of the tomographic solution. In this study, an innovative node parameterization approach using a combination of three meshing techniques to dynamically adjust both the boundary of the tomographic region and the position of nodes at each tomographic epoch is proposed. The three meshing techniques were boundary extraction, Delaunay triangulation, and force‐displacement algorithm. The performance of the tomographic model resulting from the new approach was tested using one month GNSS data in May 2015 from the Hong Kong GNSS network and was compared against that of the conventional node parameterization approach. The reference for the validation of the accuracy of the test results were the radiosonde measurements from King's Park Meteorological Station (HKKP) in Hong Kong. Results showed that in terms of root‐mean‐square error the accuracy of the new approach significantly improved in comparison to the traditional approach.
Characteristics of Lightning Within Electrified Snowfall Events Using Lightning Mapping Arrays
Authors: Schultz Christopher J. , Lang Timothy J. , Bruning Eric C. , Calhoun Kristin M. , Harkema Sebastian , Curtis Nathan
Published: February 2018

This study examined 34 lightning flashes within four separate thundersnow events derived from lightning mapping arrays (LMAs) in northern Alabama, central Oklahoma, and Washington DC. The goals were to characterize the in‐cloud component of each lightning flash, as well as the correspondence between the LMA observations and lightning data taken from national lightning networks like the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN). Individual flashes were examined in detail to highlight several observations within the data set. The study results demonstrated that the structures of these flashes were primarily normal polarity. The mean area encompassed by this set of flashes is 375 km2, with a maximum flash extent of 2,300 km2, a minimum of 3 km2, and a median of 128 km2. An average of 2.29 NLDN flashes were recorded per LMA‐derived lightning flash. A maximum of 11 NLDN flashes were recorded in association with a single LMA‐derived flash on 10 January 2011. Additionally, seven of the 34 flashes in the study contain zero NLDN‐identified flashes. Eleven of the 34 flashes initiated from tall human‐made objects (e.g., communication towers). In at least six lightning flashes, the NLDN detected a return stroke from the cloud back to the tower and not the initial upward leader. This study also discusses lightning's interaction with the human‐built environment and provides an example of lightning within heavy snowfall observed by Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite‐16's Geostationary Lightning Mapper.
Nucleocytoplasmic transport defect in a North American patient with ALS8
Authors: Guber Robert D. , Schindler Alice B. , Budron Maher S. , Chen Ke‐lian , Li Yuebing , Fischbeck Kenneth H. , Grunseich Christopher
Published: February 2018

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 8 (ALS8) is a rare progressive neurodegenerative disease resulting from mutation in the gene for vesicle‐associated membrane protein‐associated protein B. We evaluated a North American patient using exome sequencing, and identified a P56S mutation. The disease protein had similar subcellular localization and expression levels in the patient and control fibroblasts. Patient fibroblasts showed increased basal endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysfunction of nucleocytoplasmic transport as evidenced by impaired Ran trafficking. This finding extends the identification of ALS8 into North America, and indicates a cellular defect similar to other forms of hereditary motor neuron disease.
Interfacial Coupling Effect in Organic/Inorganic Nanocomposites with High Energy Density
Authors: Pan Zhongbin , Yao Lingmin , Zhai Jiwei , Yao Xi , Chen Haydn
Published: February 2018

Organic/inorganic nanocomposites (OINs) can be potentially used as high‐performance capacitors due to their rapid charge–discharge capability along with respectable power density. The coupling effect of the filler/matrix interface plays a prominent role in the dielectric and electric properties of OINs. Along with a review of contemporary theoretical models, recent advances in interfacial optimization to improve energy density through careful interface control and design are also presented. Possible mechanisms that may improve energy density and potential applications for high‐energy‐density capacitors are also highlighted.
Second Harmonic Generation Manipulation Enabled by Electromagnetic Coupling in Bianisotropic Metamolecules
Authors: Guo Kai , Qian Cheng , Zhang Yong Liang , Fung Kin Hung
Published: February 2018

Bianisotropic metamolecules provide a novel opportunity to realize optical magnetism through localized electromagnetic coupling (EM coupling). Previous investigations of the EM coupling, however, are mostly limited to linear regime. In this work, active manipulation of light in nonlinear regime with EM coupling is theoretically studied. To this end, a bianisotropic metamolecule composed of four uniform gold nanodisks is designed. Simulation results show that a Fano‐like resonance induced by EM coupling is sufficient to control the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal. By rotating polarization angle of optical excitation source, the emitted SHG signal is switched on–off with the EM coupling. Furthermore, modulation of the SHG signal is demonstrated through the EM coupling by tuning the gap size and filling material.
Subwavelength Optical Engineering with Metasurface Waves
Authors: Luo Xiangang
Published: February 2018

As artificial 2D materials made of subwavelength inclusions, metasurfaces bear exotic optical and electromagnetic properties not obtainable in naturally occurring materials. Based on unique wave behaviors such as short effective wavelength and local field enhancement that stem from the strongly local light–matter interaction, metasurfaces have the ability to overcome many tough problems faced by traditional optical engineers. Here, the history, basic principles, practical applications, and recent advancements of metasurfaces are reviewed in three main aspects: the breaking of the diffraction limit, the generalized laws of refraction and reflection, as well as the localized enhancement of light absorption. These landmark achievements could open a door for the optical engineering at the subwavelength scale, i.e., for Engineering Optics 2.0, and provide alternatives to traditional approaches based on bulky optical components. Moreover, multifunctional metasurfaces have also been introduced which could simultaneously achieve several different functionalities with a single device. As a concluding remark, the major challenges faced by this developing field are discussed.
Triboelectric‐Based Transparent Secret Code
Authors: Yuan Zuqing , Du Xinyu , Li Nianwu , Yin Yingying , Cao Ran , Zhang Xiuling , Zhao Shuyu , Niu Huidan , Jiang Tao , Xu Weihua , Wang Zhong Lin , Li Congju
Published: February 2018

Private and security information for personal identification requires an encrypted tool to extend communication channels between human and machine through a convenient and secure method. Here, a triboelectric‐based transparent secret code (TSC) that enables self‐powered sensing and information identification simultaneously in a rapid process method is reported. The transparent and hydrophobic TSC can be conformed to any cambered surface due to its high flexibility, which extends the application scenarios greatly. Independent of the power source, the TSC can induce obvious electric signals only by surface contact. This TSC is velocity‐dependent and capable of achieving a peak voltage of ≈4 V at a resistance load of 10 MΩ and a sliding speed of 0.1 m s−1, according to a 2 mm × 20 mm rectangular stripe. The fabricated TSC can maintain its performance after reciprocating rolling for about 5000 times. The applications of TSC as a self‐powered code device are demonstrated, and the ordered signals can be recognized through the height of the electric peaks, which can be further transferred into specific information by the processing program. The designed TSC has great potential in personal identification, commodity circulation, valuables management, and security defense applications.
A Multicenter Retrospective Analysis Evaluating Performance of Synovial Biopsy Techniques in Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis
Authors: Humby Frances , Romão Vasco C. , Manzo Antonio , Filer Andrew , Bugatti Serena , Vieira‐Sousa Elsa , Kelly Stephen , Wechalekar Mihir , Ahmed Manzoor , Rocher Vidalba , Hands Rebecca , Montecucco Carlomaurizio , Fonseca Joao , Pitzalis Costantino
Published: February 2018

Objective

To evaluate whether the choice of synovial biopsy technique (arthroscopy, blind needle [BN] biopsy, ultrasound [US]–guided portal and forceps [P&F], or US‐guided needle biopsy [NB]) translates to significant variation in synovial tissue quality and quantity, with the aim of informing recommendations for the choice of synovial sampling technique within clinical trials.

Methods

In total, 159 procedures from 5 academic rheumatology centers were evaluated. Hematoxylin and eosin–stained, paraffin‐embedded synovial tissue sections from patients with inflammatory arthritis were assessed in order to determine the proportion of graded synovial fragments, total area of graded synovial tissue, and synovitis score per procedure. RNA quantity (μg of RNA) and quality (RNA integrity number) per procedure were also assessed in the synovial samples.

Results

In this study, 84 of the 159 procedures performed on large joints at baseline (25 arthroscopic, 35 US‐P&F, 11 US‐NB, and 13 BN biopsies), 41 of the 159 procedures performed on small joints at baseline (11 US‐P&F, 20 US‐NB, and 10 BN biopsies), and 34 sequential biopsy procedures were evaluated. Compared to all other techniques evaluated in the small and large joints, fewer small joint BN biopsies and a significantly lower proportion of large joint BN biopsies yielded graded synovial tissue. No significant difference in either the proportion of graded tissue samples or total graded synovial tissue area between the US‐NB and arthroscopic large joint procedures was demonstrated. Among the sequential biopsy procedures evaluated (small joint US‐NB, large joint arthroscopy, US‐P&F biopsy, and BN biopsy), no significant difference in the proportion of graded synovial tissue or total graded synovial tissue area was demonstrated. All procedures yielded RNA of significant quality and quantity for subsequent transcriptomic analysis.

Conclusion

These data support the integration of US‐guided methods along with arthroscopic biopsy for clinical trial protocols in which sequential sampling of synovium from the large and small joints is needed for both histologic and molecular analysis. BN biopsy may be considered if graded synovial tissue is not required for subsequent analyses.
Grundlagen der Bemessung von WU‐Bauwerken
Authors: Mayer Till Felix
Published: February 2018

Die WU‐Bauweise hat sich für wasserberührte Bauwerke über Jahrzehnte als robuste, leistungsfähige und wirtschaftliche Alternative zu Konstruktionen mit außen liegender Abdichtung bewährt. Die Planung und die Ausführung derartiger WU‐Konstruktionen sind in Deutschland seit 2003 in der WU‐Richtlinie des Deutschen Ausschusses für Stahlbeton geregelt, die 2017 in einer überarbeiteten Fassung erscheint. In diesem Beitrag werden die Grundlagen der Bemessung von WU‐Konstruktionen nach WU‐Richtlinie dargestellt.
Bauphysikalische Aspekte bei Ausführung von hochwertig genutzten Weißen Wannen
Authors: Rucker‐Gramm Petra
Published: February 2018

Die hochwertige Nutzung von Kellergeschossen zum Beispiel als Wohn‐ oder Arbeitsraum setzt voraus, dass bauphysikalische Aspekte in der Planung, Ausführung und Nutzung Berücksichtigung finden. Vornehmliches Ziel ist die Sicherstellung eines behaglichen Raumklimas und die Vermeidung von Tauwasser‐ und Schimmelpilzbildung. Zu diesem Zweck ist der Feuchteeintrag durch die Gebäudehülle und durch die Nutzung zu begrenzen. Der Feuchtetransport durch die Gebäudehülle ist hierbei von untergeordneter Bedeutung, da dieser bei Einhaltung der Vorgaben der WU‐Richtlinie nicht stattfindet. Auch die Abgabe der Baufeuchte ist nur in den ersten Monaten nach Nutzungsbeginn relevant. Wesentlichen Einfluss auf den Feuchtegehalt im Raum hat die Nutzung. Durch angepasste Lüftung muss der nutzungsbedingte Feuchteeintrag abgeführt werden. Feuchtespeichernde Materialien an den Innenoberflächen können das Raumklima zusätzlich positiv beeinflussen, indem Feuchtespitzen abgefangen werden. Durch eine wärmeschutztechnische Optimierung der Gebäudehülle wird erreicht, dass die Innenoberflächentemperaturen erhöht werden. Dies resultiert in Bauteiltemperaturen, die von den Nutzern als behaglich empfunden werden. Zudem reduziert sich dadurch das Risiko der Schimmel‐ und Tauwasserbildung. Unter dem Aspekt der Energieverluste im Bereich von Wärmebrücken und der damit verbundenen Kosten ist die Ausführung einer außen gedämmten WU‐Konstruktion der innengedämmten Variante vorzuziehen.
Early fine motor impairment and behavioral dysfunction in (Thy‐1)‐h[A30P] alpha‐synuclein mice
Authors: Ekmark‐Lewén Sara , Lindström Veronica , Gumucio Astrid , Ihse Elisabeth , Behere Anish , Kahle Philipp J. , Nordström Eva , Eriksson Maria , Erlandsson Anna , Bergström Joakim , Ingelsson Martin
Published: February 2018

Introduction

Intraneuronal inclusions of alpha‐synuclein are commonly found in the brain of patients with Parkinson's disease and other α‐synucleinopathies. The correlation between alpha‐synuclein pathology and symptoms has been studied in various animal models. In (Thy‐1)‐h[A30P] alpha‐synuclein transgenic mice, behavioral and motor abnormalities were reported from 12 and 15 months, respectively. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these mice also display symptoms at earlier time points.

Methods

We analyzed gait deficits, locomotion, and behavioral profiles in (Thy‐1)‐h[A30P] alpha‐synuclein and control mice at 2, 8, and 11 months of age. In addition, inflammatory markers, levels of alpha‐synuclein oligomers, and tyrosine hydroxylase reactivity were studied.

Results

Already at 2 months of age, transgenic mice displayed fine motor impairments in the challenging beam test that progressively increased up to 11 months of age. At 8 months, transgenic mice showed a decreased general activity with increased risk‐taking behavior in the multivariate concentric square field test. Neuropathological analyses of 8‐ and 11‐month‐old mice revealed accumulation of oligomeric alpha‐synuclein in neuronal cell bodies. In addition, a decreased presence of tyrosine hydroxylase suggests a dysregulation of the dopaminergic system in the transgenic mice, which in turn may explain some of the motor impairments observed in this mouse model.

Conclusions

Taken together, our results show that the (Thy‐1)‐h[A30P] alpha‐synuclein transgenic mouse model displays early Parkinson's disease‐related symptoms with a concomitant downregulation of the dopaminergic system. Thus, this should be an appropriate model to study early phenotypes of alpha‐synucleinopathies.
Asymptomatic loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers with preserved thermal detection thresholds after repeated exposure to severe cold
Authors: Krøigård Thomas , Wirenfeldt Martin , Svendsen Toke K. , Sindrup Søren H.
Published: February 2018

Background

Cold‐induced peripheral neuropathy has been described in individuals exposed to severe cold resulting in pain, hypersensitivity to cold, hyperhidrosis, numbness, and skin changes. Nerve conduction studies and thermal detection thresholds are abnormal in symptomatic patients, and intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD) in skin biopsies is reduced.

Case presentation

A 41‐year‐old male was included as a healthy subject in a study of the spontaneous variability of quantitative sensory testing (QST), nerve conduction studies (NCS), and IENFD. Unexpectedly, IENFD was significantly reduced, whereas the rest of the examination was normal except for reduced vibration detection threshold. The results were confirmed at follow‐up examination. The subject had been repeatedly exposed to severe cold resulting in short lasting numbness and paresthesia while living in the eastern part of Greenland and the northern part of Norway.

Conclusion

Loss of intraepidermal nerve fibers caused by exposure to severe cold may be asymptomatic, and their function assessed by thermal detection thresholds may be preserved. This case illustrates that QST and IENFD are complementary tests and that subclinical cold‐induced peripheral neuropathy may be prevalent in subjects living in or near polar regions which could have implications for the recruitment of healthy subjects.
Dystopic retrohepatic gallbladder and cholecysto‐choledocho lithiasis: the rendez‐vous and indocyanine green fluorescence
Authors: Mattone Edoardo , Latteri Saverio , Teodoro Michele , Pesce Antonio , Mannino Maurizio , Romano Giulia , Russello Domenico , La Greca Gaetano
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical Message

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a well‐known procedure for the treatment of most gallbladder diseases. Sometimes, it could be very difficult, in the presence of aberrations regarding the cystic duct, the cystic artery, or the gallbladder itself. Fluorescence laparoscopy using indocyanine green could be very useful for all the situations of anatomy aberrations.
Intracranial subdural abscess with polymicrobial infections due to frontal sinusitis in an adolescent: life‐threatening complication of a common disease
Authors: Hibi Arata , Amakusa Yoshinobu
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical Message

Intracranial abscess is one of the most serious complications of frontal sinusitis, particularly among adolescents, even in the absence of odontogenic infection. Polymicrobial infections due to anaerobes are common. Because antibiotic therapy alone is usually ineffective, early endoscopic sinus surgery is the key for infection control and good clinical outcomes.
A reminder of the place of morphology and the H‐score in the diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)
Authors: Favresse J. , Lardinois B. , Chatelain B. , Mullier F. , Jacqmin H.
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical Message

This case report reminds the reader of the place of hemophagocytosis and the H‐Score in the diagnosis of secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.
Pseudo liposarcomatous plasma cells in a patient with liposarcoma and lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
Authors: Schmidt Adrian , Monn Antoinette , Schmidt‐Weiss Elisabeth , Schmid Mathias , Boesch Beatrix
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical Message

First, patients may always develop a second severe illness, even a second cancer. Second, things are not always as they are expected to be. So, careful diagnosis is mandatory. Third, morphology is very important, but sometimes misleading. Always be aware of morphological variants!
Macroinvertebrate identity mediates the effects of litter quality and microbial conditioning on leaf litter recycling in temperate streams
Authors: Santonja Mathieu , Pellan Laura , Piscart Christophe
Published: February 2018

Plant litter decomposition is an essential ecosystem function that contributes to carbon and nutrient cycling in streams. Aquatic shredders, mainly macroinvertebrates, can affect this process in various ways; they consume leaf litter, breaking it down into fragments and creating suitable habitats or resources for other organisms through the production of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). However, measures of litter‐feeding traits across a wide range of aquatic macroinvertebrates are still rare. Here, we assessed the contributions of 11 species of freshwater macroinvertebrates to litter decomposition, by measuring consumption rate, FPOM production, and assimilation rate of highly decomposable (Alnus glutinosa) or poorly decomposable (Quercus robur) leaf litter types. In general, an increase in the quality of litter improved the litter consumption rate, and fungal conditioning of the leaf litter increased both the litter consumption rate and FPOM production. Macroinvertebrates specializing in leaf litter consumption also appeared to be the most sensitive to shifts in litter quality and the conditioning process. Contrary to expectations, the conditioning process did not increase the assimilation of low‐quality litter. There was a strong correlation between the relative consumption rate (RCR) of the two litter types, and the relative FPOM production (RFP) was strongly correlated to the RCR. These findings suggest a consistent relationship between RCR and macroinvertebrate identity that is not affected by litter quality, and that the RFP could be inferred from the RCR. The varying responses of the macroinvertebrate feeding traits to litter quality and the conditioning process suggest that the replacement of a shredder invertebrate species by another species could have major consequences for the decomposition process and the detritus‐based food web in streams. Further studies onto the importance of invertebrate identity and the effects of litter quality in a variety of freshwater ecosystems are needed to understand the whole ecosystem functioning and to predict its response to environmental changes.
Basic description and some notes on the evolution of seven sympatric morphs of Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma from the Lake Kronotskoe Basin
Authors: Markevich Grigorii , Esin Evgeny , Anisimova Liudmila
Published: February 2018

The study examines the basic morphological and ecological features of Dolly Varden from Lake Kronotskoe (Russia, Kamchatka). Seven valid morphs different in head proportions, feeding, timing, and place of spawning have been determined in this ecosystem. The basic morphometric characteristics clearly separate Lake Kronotskoe morphs from each other, as well as from its potential ancestor (Dolly Varden). According to CVA analysis, the most notable morphological characteristics determining the mouth position are the length of a lower jaw and rostrum. Furthermore, five of seven morphs inhabit different depth zones of the lake and feed on different food resources. Our data suggest that reproductive isolation may be maintained by temporal/spatial isolation for two morphs with lacustrine spawning, and by spatial isolation only for the rest of the morphs with riverine spawning. The sympatric diversity of the Lake Kronotskoe charrs is exceptionally wide, and there are no other examples for seven sympatric morphs of genus Salvelinus to coexist within a single ecosystem. This study puts forward a three‐step hypothetical model of charr divergence in Lake Kronotskoe as a potential ground for future studies.
Aquatic and terrestrial morphotypes of the aquatic invasive plant, Ludwigia grandiflora, show distinct morphological and metabolomic responses
Authors: Billet Kevin , Genitoni Julien , Bozec Michel , Renault David , Barloy Dominique
Published: February 2018

In the context of expansion of invasive species, survival of invasive plants is conditioned by their ability to adapt. In France, the water primrose Ludwigia grandiflora, an aquatic invasive species, invades yet wet meadows, leading to a depreciation of their fodder value. Understanding its potential adaption is necessary to its management, strong differences between both morphotypes were expected. So morphological and metabolic responses to terrestrial environment were analyzed for aquatic and terrestrial morphotypes. All morphological and biomass variables were greater in the terrestrial morphotype than the aquatic morphotype, independent of conditions. In terrestrial condition, both morphotypes showed a high production of sugars in root tissues, especially in the terrestrial morphotype and both morphotypes produced a low level of amino acids in shoot tissues. All results demonstrate that the terrestrial condition seems a stressful situation for both morphotypes, which activates glycolysis and fermentation pathways to improve their survival under hypoxic stress. But, only the terrestrial morphotype has been able to adjust its metabolism and maintain efficient growth. In the future, a differential transcriptomic analysis will be carried out to confirm this result.
Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists for heart failure: a real‐life observational study
Authors: Bruno Noemi , Sinagra Gianfranco , Paolillo Stefania , Bonomi Alice , Corrà Ugo , Piepoli Massimo , Veglia Fabrizio , Salvioni Elisabetta , Lagioia Rocco , Metra Marco , Limongelli Giuseppe , Cattadori Gaia , Scardovi Angela B. , Carubelli Valentina , Scrutino Domenico , Badagliacca Roberto , Guazzi Marco , Raimondo Rosa , Gentile Piero , Magrì Damiano , Correale Michele , Parati Gianfranco , Re Federica , Cicoira Mariantonietta , Frigerio Maria , Bussotti Maurizio , Vignati Carlo , Oliva Fabrizio , Mezzani Alessandro , Vergaro Giuseppe , Di Lenarda Andrea , Passino Claudio , Sciomer Susanna , Pacileo Giuseppe , Ricci Roberto , Contini Mauro , Apostolo Anna , Palermo Pietro , Mapelli Massimo , Carriere Cosimo , Clemenza Francesco , Binno Simone , Belardinelli Romualdo , Lombardi Carlo , Perrone Filardi Pasquale , Emdin Michele , Agostoni Piergiuseppe
Published: February 2018

Aims

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) have been demonstrated to improve outcomes in reduced ejection fraction heart failure (HFrEF) patients. However, MRAs added to conventional treatment may lead to worsening of renal function and hyperkalaemia. We investigated, in a population‐based analysis, the long‐term effects of MRA treatment in HFrEF patients.

Methods and results

We analysed data of 6046 patients included in the Metabolic Exercise Cardiac Kidney Index score dataset. Analysis was performed in patients treated (n = 3163) and not treated (n = 2883) with MRA. The study endpoint was a composite of cardiovascular death, urgent heart transplantation, or left ventricular assist device implantation. Ten years' survival was analysed through Kaplan–Meier, compared by log‐rank test and propensity score matching.

At 10 years' follow‐up, the MRA‐untreated group had a significantly lower number of events than the MRA‐treated group (P < 0.001). MRA‐treated patients had more severe heart failure (higher New York Heart Association class and lower left ventricular ejection fraction, kidney function, and peak VO2). At a propensity‐score‐matching analysis performed on 1587 patients, MRA‐treated and MRA‐untreated patients showed similar study endpoint values.

Conclusions

In conclusion, MRA treatment does not affect the composite of cardiovascular death, urgent heart transplantation or left ventricular assist device implantation in a real‐life setting. A meticulous patient follow‐up, as performed in trials, is likely needed to match the positive MRA‐related benefits observed in clinical trials.
Estimating foliar anthocyanin content of purple corn via hyperspectral model
Authors: Gu Xiaohe , Cai Wenqian , Fan Youbo , Ma Yue , Zhao Xiaoyan , Zhang Chao
Published: February 2018

To date, the foliar anthocyanin content was either determined via the pH differential or HPLC methods, both of which are slow and destructive. Here, a hyperspectral model was established to estimate the foliar anthocyanin content of purple corn (Zea mays L. var. Jingzi No. 1). The reflectivity (P) of the foliar hyperspectral was inverted to 1/P, lg P, 1/lg P, , , , and . The correlation coefficient between these inversions and the foliar anthocyanin content was plotted against the hyperspectral wavelength. The wavelength of inversions around 650 nm was sensitive to the foliar anthocyanin content. The hyperspectral model was fitted via linear, polynomial, power, exponential, and logarithmic functions with the sensitive band as independent variable and the anthocyanin content as function. The hyperspectral model (y = 3,000,000,000 × W6854.5896) fitted via inversion of showed the highest determination coefficients (0.768) among all models. The hyperspectral model was well validated with a determination coefficient of 0.932 and an RMSE of 0.0065. Moreover, the accuracy and stability of the hyperspectral model were further enhanced with a determination coefficient of 0.954 and RMSE of 0.0047 when the anthocyanin content of the sample was below 20 mg/g. Hence, the hyperspectral model estimated the foliar anthocyanin content of purple corn quickly and nondestructively.
Mutations in the PH Domain of DNM1 are associated with a nonepileptic phenotype characterized by developmental delay and neurobehavioral abnormalities
Authors: Brereton Emily , Fassi Emily , Araujo Gabriel C. , Dodd Jonathan , Telegrafi Aida , Pathak Sheel J. , Shinawi Marwan
Published: February 2018

Background

Dynamin 1 is a protein involved in the synaptic vesicle cycle, which facilitates the exocytosis of neurotransmitters necessary for normal signaling and development in the central nervous system. Pathogenic variants in DNM1 have been implicated in global developmental delay (DD), severe intellectual disability (ID), and notably, epileptic encephalopathy. All previously reported DNM1 pathogenic variants causing this severe phenotype occur in the GTPase and Middle domains of the dynamin 1 protein.

Methods

We used whole‐exome sequencing to characterize the molecular basis of DD and autistic symptoms in two identical siblings.

Results

The twin siblings exhibit mild to moderate ID and autistic symptoms but no epileptic encephalopathy. Exome sequencing revealed a genetic variant, c.1603A>G (p.Lys535Glu), in the PH domain of dynamin 1. Previous in vitro studies showed that mutations at Lys535 inhibit endocytosis and impair PH loop binding to PIP2.

Conclusions

Our data suggest a previously undescribed milder phenotype associated with a missense genetic variant in the PH domain of dynamin 1.
Genotype–phenotype investigation of 35 patients from 11 unrelated families with camptodactyly–arthropathy–coxa vara–pericarditis (CACP) syndrome
Authors: Yilmaz Saliha , Uludağ Alkaya Dilek , Kasapçopur Özgür , Barut Kenan , Akdemir Ekin S. , Celen Cemre , Youngblood Mark W. , Yasuno Katsuhito , Bilguvar Kaya , Günel Murat , Tüysüz Beyhan
Published: February 2018

Background

The camptodactyly–arthropathy–coxa vara–pericarditis syndrome (CACP) is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by camptodactyly, noninflammatory arthropathy, coxa vara, and pericarditis. CACP is caused by mutations in the proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) gene, which encodes a lubricating glycoprotein present in the synovial fluid and at the surface of articular cartilage.

Methods

In the present study, we compared the clinical and molecular findings of CACP syndrome in 35 patients from 11 unrelated families. In 28 patients, whole exome sequencing was used to investigate genomic variations.

Results

We found that camptodactyly of hands was the first symptom presented by most patients. Swelling of wrists, knees, and elbows began before 4 years of age, while the age of joint involvement was variable. Patients reported an increased pain level after the age of 10, and severe hip involvement developed after 20 years old. All patients presented developmental coxa vara and seven patients (~22%) had pleural effusion, pericarditis, and/or ascites. We identified nine novel genomic alterations, including the first case of homozygous complete deletion of exon 1 in the PRG4 gene.

Conclusion

With this study, we contribute to the catalog of CACP causing variants. We confirm that the skeletal component of this disease worsens with age, and presents the potential mechanisms for interfamily variability, by discussing the influence of a modifier gene and escape from nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay. We believe that this report will increase awareness of this familial arthropathic condition and the characteristic clinical and radiological findings will facilitate the differentiation from the common childhood rheumatic diseases such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Patients’ experiences of the transcatheter aortic valve implantation trajectory: A grounded theory study
Authors: Olsson Karin , Näslund Ulf , Nilsson Johan , Hörnsten Åsa
Published: February 2018

Aim

The aim of this study was to explore how patients experienced the recovery process from transcatheter aortic valve implantation.

Design

A qualitative approach where in‐depth interviews were used.

Method

Eleven men and eight women undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation were individually interviewed 6 months after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Grounded theory was used for the analysis.

Results

The analysis generated the core concept “A journey of balancing between life‐struggle and hope” connected to descriptive, bipolar categories. Before transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients not only felt threatened but also experienced hope. The rehabilitation phase was described as demanding or surprisingly simple. At the 6 months follow‐up patients were pleased to return to life, however, still struggling with limitations. To feel hope is essential for transcatheter aortic valve implantation patients’ well‐being, both before and during the recovery process. It is important that healthcare professionals not only support hopeful thinking but also take time to discuss and prepare patients, talk about concerns and build confidence. Individual plans for rehabilitation should be designed.
Using a new interrater reliability method to test the modified Oulu Patient Classification instrument in home health care
Authors: Flo Jill , Landmark Bjørg , Hatlevik Ove Edward , Fagerström Lisbeth
Published: February 2018

Aim

To test the interrater reliability of the modified Oulu Patient Classification instrument, using a multiple parallel classification method based on oral case presentations in home health care in Norway.

Design

Reliability study.

Methods

Data were collected at two municipal home healthcare units during 2013–2014. The reliability of the modified OPCq instrument was tested using a new multiple parallel classification method. The data material consisted of 2 010 parallel classifications, analysed using consensus in per cent and Cohen's kappa. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency.

Results

For parallel classifications, consensus varied between 64.78–77.61%. Interrater reliability varied between 0.49–0.69 (Cohen's kappa), the internal consistency between 0.81–0.94 (Cronbach's alpha). Analysis of the raw scores showed 27.2% classifications had the same points, 39.1% differed one point, 17.9% differed two points and 16.5% differed ≥3 points.
Nano‐Manufacturing Supramolecular Structures of Bio‐Inspired Naphthalene Diimide Bolaamphiphile via Solvophobic Controlled Self‐Assembly
Authors: Goskulwad Santosh P. , La Duong Duc , Bhosale Rajesh S. , Kobaisi Mohammad Al , Jones Lathe A , Bhosale Sidhanath V. , Bhosale Sheshanath V.
Published: February 2018

We report the synthesis of a naphthalene diimide bolaamphiphile (NDI‐1) bearing the peptide segment of Tyr‐Glu and studied self‐assembly through solvophobic control. NDI‐1 is shown to self‐assemble into a flower‐like morphology from its 4:6 THF/methylcyclohexane (MCH) (v/v) solution. Microscale broad grass‐like structures were obtained from NDI‐1 solution in 2:8 THF/H2O (v/v). The assembly formation was visualised by scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging, furthermore, XRD used to determined mode of aggregation. This work demonstrates that complex self‐assembly can indeed be attained through hierarchical non‐covalent interactions of bio‐inspired naphthalene diimide‐peptide conjugates.
Atomic Layers of MoO2 with Exposed High‐Energy (010) Facets for Efficient Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zou Xiaolong , Du Zhiguo , Gu Jianan , Li Songmei , Li Bin , Yang Shubin
Published: February 2018

Although 2D nanocrystals with exposed high‐energy facets are highly desired in the field of catalysts due to their anticipant high catalytic activities, they are difficult to be gained. Here, atomic layers of metallic molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) with primarily exposed high‐energy (010) facet are achieved via a facile carbothermic reduction approach. The resultant MoO2 exhibits single‐crystalline, monoclinic, and ultrathin features with nearly 100% exposed (010) facet, which can significantly reduce reaction barriers toward the oxygen reduction reaction. As a consequence, the atomic layers of MoO2 exhibit high electrocatalytic activity, excellent tolerance to methanol, and good stability for the oxygen reduction reaction in alkaline electrolyte, superior to commercial Pt/C catalysts. It is believed that such new transition metal oxide catalysts with exposed high‐energy facets have broad applications in the areas of energy storage and conversions.
Parental effect of diapause in relation to photoperiod and temperature in the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: He H.-M. , Xiao H.-J. , Xue F.-S.
Published: February 2018

Increasing evidence has demonstrated that the environmental conditions experienced by parents can shape offspring phenotypes. Here, we examined the effects of the photoperiod and temperature experienced by parents on the incidence of diapause in their progeny in the cabbage beetle, Colaphellus bowringi, using three experiments. The first experiment examined parental diapause incidence under different photoperiods at 25°C and the incidence of diapause in progeny from both non-diapausing and diapausing parents under the same rearing conditions. The results revealed that the incidence of diapause among progeny was exactly opposite to that of their parents, i.e., higher parental diapause incidence led to lower progeny diapause incidence, showing a negative relationship in diapause incidence between the parental generation and the progeny generation. The incidence of diapause among progeny produced by diapausing parents was higher than that in progeny produced by non-diapausing parents. The second experiment examined parental diapause incidence at different temperatures under LD 12:12 and the incidence of diapause in progeny from both non-diapausing and diapausing parents under the same rearing conditions. Similarly, the incidence of diapause in progeny was also opposite to that of their parents. However, the incidence of diapause in progeny produced by non-diapausing parents was different from that in progeny produced by diapausing parents. In the third experiment, naturally diapausing adults were maintained at a constant temperature of 9, 28°C or the mean daily summer temperature of 27.84°C under continuous darkness for 3 months of dormancy. After dormancy, the progeny of these post-diapause parents were reared under different photoperiods at 25°C. The results showed that the incidence of diapause among progeny was higher when their parents experienced high temperatures than when they experienced low temperatures. All results demonstrate that the photoperiod and temperature experienced by parents may significantly affect the diapause incidence among progeny.
Trapped particle precession and sub-bounce zonal flow dynamics in tokamaks
Authors: Sengupta W. , Hassam A. B.
Published: February 2018

A drift-kinetic calculation in an axisymmetric tokamak, with super-diamagnetic flows, is presented to elucidate the relation between the radial electric field, $E_{r}$, zonal flows and the rapid precession of the trapped particle (TP) population. It has been shown earlier (Rosenbluth & Hinton, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 80(4), 1998, p. 724, hereafter RH) that an initial radial electric field results in geodesic acoustic mode oscillations which subsequently Landau damp, resulting in a much smaller final residual electric field, and accompanying parallel zonal flows. We observe an apparent paradox: the final angular momentum in the RH parallel zonal flow is much smaller than the angular momentum expected from the well-known rapid precession of the trapped particle population in the RH residual electric field. We reconcile this paradox by illuminating the presence of a population of reverse circulating particle flows that, dominantly, are equal and opposite to the rapid TP precession. Mathematically, the calculation is facilitated by transforming to an energy coordinate shifted from conventional by an amount proportional to $E_{r}$. We also discuss the well-known RH coefficient in the context of effective mass and show how the TP precession and the opposite circulating flows contribute to this mass. Finally, we show that in the long wavelength limit, the RH flows and RH coefficient arise as a natural consequence of conservation of toroidal angular momentum and the second adiabatic invariant.
The decay of isotropic magnetohydrodynamics turbulence and the effects of cross-helicity
Authors: Briard Antoine , Gomez Thomas
Published: February 2018

Decaying homogeneous and isotropic magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) turbulence is investigated numerically at large Reynolds numbers thanks to the eddy-damped quasi-normal Markovian (EDQNM) approximation. Without any background mean magnetic field, the total energy spectrum $E$ scales as $k^{-3/2}$ in the inertial range as a consequence of the modelling. Moreover, the total energy is shown, both analytically and numerically, to decay at the same rate as kinetic energy in hydrodynamic isotropic turbulence: this differs from a previous prediction, and thus physical arguments are proposed to reconcile both results. Afterwards, the MHD turbulence is made imbalanced by an initial non-zero cross-helicity. A spectral modelling is developed for the velocity–magnetic correlation in a general homogeneous framework, which reveals that cross-helicity can contain subtle anisotropic effects. In the inertial range, as the Reynolds number increases, the slope of the cross-helical spectrum becomes closer to $k^{-5/3}$ than $k^{-2}$. Furthermore, the Elsässer spectra deviate from $k^{-3/2}$ with cross-helicity at large Reynolds numbers. Regarding the pressure spectrum $E_{P}$, its kinetic and magnetic parts are found to scale with $k^{-2}$ in the inertial range, whereas the part due to cross-helicity rather scales in $k^{-7/3}$. Finally, the two $4/3$rd laws for the total energy and cross-helicity are assessed numerically at large Reynolds numbers.
Fusion-based Satellite Clock Bias Prediction Considering Characteristics and Fitted Residue
Authors: Lu Jicang , Zhang Chao , Zheng Yong , Wang Ruopu
Published: February 2018

As Satellite Clock Bias (SCB) prediction may be affected by various factors such as periodic items, sampling length, and stochastic items, a fusion-based prediction method is proposed by considering characteristics of SCB and fitted residue. On this basis, an instance algorithm is presented by fusing four typical prediction models. First, we use Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) to pre-process and decompose the SCB series into multiple components with various characteristics. Then, we analyse the fitting performance of each model for different components and prediction length, namely short-, mid- and long-term prediction, and select models with the best performance. Next, we analyse fitted residue of the reconstructed SCB, and select the model with the best fitting results. Finally, we fuse the multiple selected models for SCB prediction. The method is tested using Global Positioning System (GPS) precise clock products provided by the International Global Navigation Satellite System Service (IGS). Experimental results show that, compared with single prediction models and existing combination models, the proposed fusion-based prediction method improves accuracy and stability. In particular, the proposed method is more stable and has better performance for mid- and long-term prediction.
A NOTE ON NAVIER–STOKES EQUATIONS WITH NONORTHOGONAL COORDINATES
Authors: HILL J. M. , STOKES Y. M.
Published: February 2018

There are many fluid flow problems involving geometries for which a nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinate system may be the most suitable. To the authors’ knowledge, the Navier–Stokes equations for an incompressible fluid formulated in terms of an arbitrary nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinate system have not been given explicitly in the literature in the simplified form obtained herein. The specific novelty in the equations derived here is the use of the general Laplacian in arbitrary nonorthogonal curvilinear coordinates and the simplification arising from a Ricci identity for Christoffel symbols of the second kind for flat space. Evidently, however, the derived equations must be consistent with the various general forms given previously by others. The general equations derived here admit the well-known formulae for cylindrical and spherical polars, and for the purposes of illustration, the procedure is presented for spherical polar coordinates. Further, the procedure is illustrated for a nonorthogonal helical coordinate system. For a slow flow for which the inertial terms may be neglected, we give the harmonic equation for the pressure function, and the corresponding equation if the inertial effects are included. We also note the general stress boundary conditions for a free surface with surface tension. For completeness, the equations for a compressible flow are derived in an appendix.