bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discovering Patterns in Brain Signals Using Decision Trees
Authors: Bastos Narusci S. , Adamatti Diana F. , Billa Cleo Z.
Published: September 2016

Even with emerging technologies, such as Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) systems, understanding how our brains work is a very difficult challenge. So we propose to use a data mining technique to help us in this task. As a case of study, we analyzed the brain’s behaviour of blind people and sighted people in a spatial activity. There is a common belief that blind people compensate their lack of vision using the other senses. If an object is given to sighted people and we asked them to identify this object, probably the sense of vision will be the most determinant one. If the same experiment was repeated with blind people, they will have to use other senses to identify the object. In this work, we propose a methodology that uses decision trees (DT) to investigate the difference of how the brains of blind people and people with vision react against a spatial problem. We choose the DT algorithm because it can discover patterns in the brain signal, and its presentation is human interpretable. Our results show that using DT to analyze brain signals can help us to understand the brain’s behaviour.
Micro Fine Sized Palm Oil Fuel Ash Produced Using a Wind Tunnel Production System
Authors: Ahmadi R. , Zainudin N. , Ismail I. , Mannan M. A. , Abidin A. S. Z.
Published: September 2016

Micro fine sized palm oil fuel ash (POFA) is a new supplementary cementitious material that can increase the strength, durability, and workability of concrete. However, production of this material incurs high cost and is not practical for the construction industry. This paper investigates a simple methodology of producing micro fine sized POFA by means of a laboratory scale wind tunnel system. The raw POFA obtained from an oil palm factory is first calcined to remove carbon residue and then grinded in Los Angeles abrasion machine. The grinded POFA is then blown in the fabricated wind tunnel system for separation into different ranges of particle sizes. The physical, morphological, and chemical properties of the micro fine sized POFA were then investigated using Laser Particle Size Analyser (PSA), nitrogen sorption, and Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX). A total of 32.1% micro fine sized POFA were collected from each sample blown, with the size range of 1–10 micrometers. The devised laboratory scale of wind tunnel production system is successful in producing micro fine sized POFA and, with modifications, this system is envisaged applicable to be used to commercialize micro fine sized POFA production for the construction industry.
Clever House Made by Using a New Kind of the Nanocomposites
Authors: Ponomarev Andrey , Plavnik Timur
Published: September 2016

The materials of this paper concern a new nanocomposites perspective for construction. The development of research in the field of production and application of nanocomposite materials has made it possible to develop building materials, having high exploitation characteristics. One of such materials is a polydisperse armed water soluble epoxy composite coat, named “EpoxyPAN.” This material consists of the water soluble epoxy resin filled by the high strength inorganic fillers and the unique nanocarbon particles, astralenes and nanoporous microfiber. It was found that EpoxyPAN is possible to be used as effective water protection coating and simultaneously as effective electromagnetic waves absorber. The physical and exploitation properties of this nanocomposite and the possible ways of its applications for the Clever House constructions are also described in this paper.
Molecular Pathways: Interleukin-35 in Autoimmunity and Cancer
Authors: Pylayeva-Gupta Yuliya
Published: September 2016

Immunosuppressive functions conferred by regulatory cytokines are important for maintaining homeostasis in immune responses. IL35 has recently emerged as a novel regulator of immune responses. Once thought to be specifically expressed by T regulatory cells, induction of IL35 expression has now been detected in multiple cell types in a variety of diseases, prompting research into regulation of its expression, signaling specificity, target cell populations, and functional outputs. Recent studies have revealed that by directing de novo generation of regulatory T and B cells and inhibiting T effector responses, IL35 plays an important role in the development of autoimmune diseases and cancer. IL35 is overexpressed in a variety of cancers and may exert its function both on antitumor immune responses as well as directly on tumor cells. As such, IL35 is rapidly emerging as a promising biomarker and an attractive cancer therapy target. Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 4973–8. ©2016 AACR.
Statistical Considerations in Evaluating a Biosimilar Product in an Oncology Clinical Study
Authors: He Kun , Chen Huanyu , Gwise Thomas , Casak Sandra , Lemery Steven , Keegan Patricia , Pazdur Richard , Sridhara Rajeshwari
Published: September 2016

The Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act of 2009 (BPCI Act) established an abbreviated approval pathway for biosimilar and interchangeable biological products that was intended to balance innovation and consumer interests. The FDA has published several guidance documents to facilitate implementation of the BPCI Act. Here we discuss the role of comparative clinical studies in the assessment of clinically meaningful differences and illustrate the underlying scientific concepts with a hypothetical example of a clinical study comparing a product to US-licensed bevacizumab. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5167–70. ©2016 AACR.
Autologous T Cells Expressing CD30 Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma: An Open-Label Phase I Trial
Authors: Wang Chun-Meng , Wu Zhi-Qiang , Wang Yao , Guo Ye-Lei , Dai Han-Ren , Wang Xiao-Hui , Li Xiang , Zhang Ya-Jing , Zhang Wen-Ying , Chen Mei-Xia , Zhang Yan , Feng Kai-Chao , Liu Yang , Li Su-Xia , Yang Qing-Ming , Han Wei-Dong
Published: September 2016

Purpose: Relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma is a challenge for medical oncologists because of poor overall survival. We aimed to assess the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of CD30-targeting CAR T cells in patients with progressive relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.

Experimental Design: Patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma received a conditioning chemotherapy followed by the CART-30 cell infusion. The level of CAR transgenes in peripheral blood and biopsied tumor tissues was measured periodically according to an assigned protocol by quantitative PCR (qPCR).

Results: Eighteen patients were enrolled; most of whom had a heavy treatment history or multiple tumor lesions and received a mean of 1.56 × 107 CAR-positive T cell per kg (SD, 0.25; range, 1.1–2.1) in total during infusion. CART-30 cell infusion was tolerated, with grade ≥3 toxicities occurring only in two of 18 patients. Of 18 patients, seven achieved partial remission and six achieved stable disease. An inconsistent response of lymphoma was observed: lymph nodes presented a better response than extranodal lesions and the response of lung lesions seemed to be relatively poor. Lymphocyte recovery accompanied by an increase of circulating CAR T cells (peaking between 3 and 9 days after infusion) is a probable indictor of clinical response. Analysis of biopsied tissues by qPCR and immunohistochemistry revealed the trafficking of CAR T cells into the targeted sites and reduction of the expression of CD30 in tumors.

Conclusions: CART-30 cell therapy was safe, feasible, and efficient in relapsed or refractory lymphoma and guarantees a large-scale patient recruitment. Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1156–66. ©2016 AACR.
Macrophage Susceptibility to Emactuzumab (RG7155) Treatment
Authors: Pradel Leon P. , Ooi Chia-Huey , Romagnoli Solange , Cannarile Michael A. , Sade Hadassah , Rüttinger Dominik , Ries Carola H.
Published: September 2016

Blockade of colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) enables the therapeutic targeting of tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) in cancer patients. Various CSF-1R inhibitors, mAbs, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are currently evaluated in early clinical trials. Presence of an alternative survival signal, such as GM-CSF, rescues human monocyte-derived macrophages from CSF-1R inhibitor–induced apoptosis. In this study, we sought to identify additional factors that mediate resistance to CSF-1R–blocking antibody RG7155 (emactuzumab). We investigated the impact of hypoxia, macrophage-polarizing cytokines IL4 and IL10, and genetic alterations within the CSF1R locus and mitochondrial DNA. Among all investigated factors, only IL4 completely rescued viability of RG7155-treated macrophages in vitro. This RG7155-resistant population was characterized by a substantially increased mannose receptor-1 (CD206) expression. Analysis of CD206 and the hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 expression on normal tissue allowed for discrimination of distinct macrophage populations according to localization and frequency. In emactuzumab-treated cancer patients, we found a significant reduction of CSF-1R, CD204, and CD163 mRNA levels in contrast to a less pronounced decrease of CD206 expression by transcriptome analysis of tumor biopsies. However, we detected in normal skin tissue, which shows lower IL4 mRNA expression compared with melanoma tissue, significant reduction of CD206+ dermal macrophages in RG7155-treated skin biopsies. These results suggest that in cancers where the cytokines IL4 and GM-CSF are sufficiently expressed to induce very high CD206 expression on macrophages, CSF-1R inhibition may not deplete CD206hi TAM. This observation can help to identify those patients most likely to benefit from CSF-1R–targeting agents. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 3077–86. ©2016 AACR.
High-Throughput Testing of Novel–Novel Combination Therapies for Cancer: An Idea Whose Time Has Come
Authors: Scarlett Uciane K. , Chang Dennis C. , Murtagh Thomas J. , Flaherty Keith T.
Published: September 2016

Summary: Combination therapies are essential to address the genetic complexity, plasticity, and heterogeneity of tumors and to overcome resistance mechanisms that confound single-agent approaches, and are a paradigm that became well established in the era of conventional cytotoxic chemotherapies. Today, we are well equipped to address many of the scientific, clinical, and collaboration challenges that have existed historically; however, the pace of testing rational combinations is modest. Our analysis shows that the volume of clinical trials testing multiple investigational pipeline agents (“novel–novel” combinations) is dismally low, as out of approximately 1,500 phase I to III investigational combination trials initiated in 2014–2015, only 80 were for novel–novel combinations, and only 9 of those involved more than one company. The Collaborative Novel–Novel Combination Therapies (CoNNCT) initiative aims to alleviate this bottleneck by developing a new, faster paradigm for early investigation of scientifically informed, novel–novel drug combinations. The initiative kicked off on March 7, 2016, when representatives from top academic centers, biopharma, nonprofits, the FDA, and other groups gathered to define an actionable path forward. Cancer Discov; 6(9); 956–62. ©2016 AACR.
Fabrication of Biodegradable Synthetic Vascular Networks and Their Use as a Model of Angiogenesis
Authors: Dew Lindsey , English William R. , Ortega Ilida , Claeyssens Frederik , MacNeil Sheila
Published: September 2016

One of the greatest challenges currently faced in tissue engineering is the incorporation of vascular networks within tissue-engineered constructs. The aim of this study was to develop a technique for producing a perfusable, 3-dimensional, cell-friendly model of vascular structures that could be used to study the factors affecting angiogenesis and vascular biology in engineered systems in more detail. Initially, biodegradable synthetic pseudovascular networks were produced via the combination of robocasting and electrospinning techniques. The internal surfaces of the vascular channels were then recellularized with human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) with and without the presence of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) on the outer surface of the scaffold. After 7 days in culture, channels that had been reseeded with HDMECs alone demonstrated irregular cell coverage. However, when using a co-culture of HDMECs inside and HDFs outside the vascular channels, coverage was found to be continuous throughout the internal channel. Using this cell combination, collagen gels loaded with vascular endothelial growth factor were deposited onto the outer surface of the scaffold and cultured for a further 7 days. After this, endothelial cell outgrowth from within the channels into the collagen gel was observed, showing that the engineered vasculature maintains its capacity for angiogenesis. Furthermore, the HDMECs appeared to have formed perfusable tubules within the gel. These results show promising steps towards the development of an in vitro platform for studying angiogenesis and vascular biology in a tissue engineering context.
The Prognostic Role of Obstructive Sleep Apnea at the Onset of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Quaranta Vitaliano Nicola , Carratù Pierluigi , Damiani Mario Francesco , Dragonieri Silvano , Capozzolo Alberto , Cassano Anna , Resta Onofrio
Published: September 2016

Background/Objective: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the progressive loss of central and peripheral motor neurons. Some studies have found discordant data in the presence of sleep apnea in ALS patients. An obstructive component also occurs with upper airways hypotonia and muscle weakness that may result in an excessive reduction of airway lumen, leading to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to assess the role of obstructive apneic events at disease onset in the ALS prognosis. Methods: A longitudinal retrospective study was conducted on 42 clinically diagnosed ALS patients. The study population was divided into 2 groups according to their obstructive apnea/hypopnea index (AHIo): group 1 consisted of 20 patients with an AHIo ≥5 and group 2 consisted of 22 patients with an AHIo <5. Both groups were compared with regard to demographic, polygraphic, and respiratory function parameters as well as ALS characteristics (bulbar onset, time between onset and first check-up, time between diagnosis and first check-up, time between first check-up and death or tracheostomy). Results: The mean survival in ALS patients with an AHIo ≥5 was significantly shorter than in ALS without OSA (p = 0.0237). The sniff nasal inspiratory pressure test was significantly correlated with AHIo, time of oxyhemoglobin saturation below 90% and the oxyhemoglobin desaturation index (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Our study highlights the importance of an early diagnosis of OSA in ALS patients, allowing the identification of ALS patients with an OSA phenotype (AHIo ≥5), who are characterized by a worse prognosis.
Regenerative Dentistry: Animal Model for Regenerative Endodontology
Authors: Ruangsawasdi Nisarat , Zehnder Matthias , Patcas Raphael , Ghayor Chafik , Weber Franz E.
Published: September 2016

Background: Ectopic tissue has been observed frequently in human root canal specimens when cell homing studies were performed at the dorsum of rodents. In contrast, pulp-like tissue formed when immature teeth were implanted on top of the rat calvaria. It was surmised, yet not tested, that the implantation site might affect tissue ingrowth. Methods: Four root sections from human immature molars cleaned with 5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) followed by 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were implanted per rat (n = 5). Two specimens were placed at the dorsum (control), while the other two specimens were implanted at the calvaria. After 6 weeks, the specimens were investigated for histological structure, immunoreactivity to dentine sialoprotein (DSP) and bone sialoprotein (BSP), per-area percentage of tissue ingrowth, and gene expression (DSPP, COL1, NGF and VEGF). Data were statistically compared. Results: Tooth specimens placed at the calvaria generally showed pulp-like tissue and odontoblast-like cells at the dentinal wall where DSP and BSP immunoreactivity were intense. The area of tissue ingrowth was significantly larger in the specimens placed at the calvaria compared to those placed at the dorsum. DSPP was the only gene that was upregulated significantly when specimens were implanted at the calvaria. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the calvarial site is superior to the dorsum to study pulp regeneration in human teeth in the rat.
Preterm Birth and Subsequent Risk of Acute Childhood Leukemia: a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Huang Qi-tao , Gao Yun-fei , Zhong Mei , Yu Yan-hong
Published: September 2016

Background: Preterm birth (PTB) has been recognized as a crucial long term risk factor for multiple non-communicable diseases. However, studies between the relationship of PTB and the risk of acute childhood leukemia have yielded inconclusive results. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to systematically review the current literature to investigate whether PTB is associated with increased risk of acute childhood leukemia. Methods: Three electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and EMBASE) were searched up to December 1st, 2015. Relevant studies reporting the association between PTB and subsequent risk of acute childhood leukemia were included for further evaluation. Statistical analysis was performed using Revmen 5.3 and Stata 10.0. Results: A total of 12 studies for acute childhood leukemia, eight studies for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and seven studies for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) were included in the current meta-analyses. We calculated pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to evaluate the relationship between PTB and acute childhood leukemia as well as its two subtypes: ALL and AML. Our results suggested that PTB was significantly associated with increased risk of acute childhood leukemia (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02-1.17, P = 0.01) and AML (OR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.21-1.67, P < 0.01). However, PTB was not significantly associated with an increased risk of ALL (OR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.96-1.13, P = 0.29). Conclusion: Our data showed that PTB increased the risk of AML. Further studies are required to explore causality and dissect the biological mechanisms involved.
Eosinophilic Granuloma of Skull with Fluid Level and Epidural Hematoma: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Sadashiva Nishanth , Baruah Satyakam , Rao Shilpa , Mahadevan Anita , Rao Kannepalli Narasinga , Vazhayil Vikas , Somanna Sampath
Published: September 2016

Intracranial Langerhans cell histiocytosis commonly presents as skull lesions in children. An intratumoral cyst with fluid level and epidural hematoma occurring with eosinophilic granuloma is very rare. We report a 15-year-old boy who presented with a spontaneous epidural hematoma which was the result of a temporal eosinophilic granuloma. Multiple explanations for epidural hematoma in such cases have been discussed. Intratumoral hemorrhage followed by cyst formation and rupture may explain the pathophysiology of epidural hemorrhage formation.
Analysis of Bacterial Activity in Sound and Cariogenic Biofilm: A Pilot in vivo Study
Authors: Henne Karsten , Gunesch Antonia-Patricia , Walther Carolin , Meyer-Lueckel Hendrik , Conrads Georg , Esteves-Oliveira Marcella
Published: September 2016

Dental caries is a multifactorial disease with many associated microbial taxa, but only a few are notably contributing to acidogenicity. The ribosome number and the corresponding 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) concentration are considered a molecular indicator for general metabolic activity of bacteria, as they are elevated with increased anabolic and catabolic activities. We hypothesize that the activity of aciduric/acidogenic bacterial taxa, reflected by a rise in ribosomal counts, could resolve differences between plaque biofilm from sound surfaces and caries lesions. The included subjects were allocated to two groups: caries-free (CF) or caries-active (CA). CF subjects presented one donor site, namely one sound surface (CFS, n = 10), whereas CA subjects presented two donor sites: a cavitated lesion with an ICDAS score of 5-6 (CAC, n = 13), and a sound reference surface (CAS, n = 13). Four aciduric/acidogenic bacterial taxa (Streptococcus mutans, lactobacilli, Bifidobacterium dentium, and Scardovia wiggsiae) and one asaccharolytic taxon (fusobacteria) as a contrast were selected. 16S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes were quantified by quantitative PCR. Based on these parameters, bacterial and ribosomal counts, as well as relative activities were calculated as the quotient of relative ribosomal abundance and relative genome abundance. Caries-associated bacteria showed the highest relative activity in caries lesions (e.g. lactobacilli CAC: 177.5 ± 46.0%) and lower activities on sound surfaces (e.g. lactobacilli CAS: 96.3 ± 31.5%), whereas asaccharolytic fusobacteria were most active on sound surfaces and less active in caries lesions (CFS: 275.7 ± 171.1%; CAS: 205.8 ± 114.3%; CAC: 51.1 ± 19.0%). Thus, the present study suggests different activity patterns for biofilms from CF and CA individuals.
The Effect of Age on Characteristics and Mortality of Intracerebral Hemorrhage in the Oldest-Old
Authors: Forti Paola , Maioli Fabiola , Domenico Spampinato Michele , Barbara Carlotta , Nativio Valeria , Coveri Maura , Zoli Marco , Simonetti Luigi , Di Pasquale Giuseppe , Procaccianti Gaetano
Published: September 2016

Background: Incidence of acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) increases with age, but there is a lack of information about ICH characteristics in the oldest-old (age ≥85 years). In particular, there is a need for information about hematoma volume, which is included in most clinical scales for prediction of mortality in ICH patients. Many of these scales also assume that, independent of ICH characteristics, the oldest-old have a higher mortality than younger elderly patients (age 65-74 years). However, supporting evidence from cohort studies is limited. We investigated ICH characteristics of oldest-old subjects compared to young (<65 years), young-old (65-74 years) and old-old (75-84 years) subjects. We also investigated whether age is an independent mortality predictor in elderly (age ≥65 years) subjects with acute ICH. Methods: We retrospectively collected clinical and neuroimaging data of 383 subjects (age 34-104 years) with acute supratentorial primary ICH who were admitted to an Italian Stroke Unit (SU) between October 2007 and December 2014. Measured ICH characteristics included hematoma location, volume and intraventricular extension of hemorrhage on admission CT scan; admission Glasgow Coma Scale ≤8 and hematoma expansion (HE) measured on follow-up CT-scans obtained after 24 h. General linear models and logistic models were used to investigate the association of age with ICH characteristics. These models were adjusted for pre-admission characteristics, hematoma location and time from symptom onset to admission CT scan. Limited to elderly subjects, Cox models were used to investigate the association of age with in-SU and 1-year mortality: the model for in-SU mortality adjusted for pre-admission and ICH admission characteristics and the model for 1-year mortality additionally adjusted for functional status and disposition at SU discharge. Results: Independent of pre-admission characteristics, hematoma location and time from symptom onset to admission CT-scan, oldest-old subjects had the highest admission hematoma volume (p < 0.01). Age was unrelated to all other ICH characteristics including HE. In elderly patients, multivariable adjusted risk of in-SU and 1-year mortality did not vary across age categories. Conclusions: Oldest-old subjects with acute supratentorial ICH have higher admission hematoma volume than young and young-old subjects but do not differ for other ICH characteristics. When taking into account confounding from ICH characteristics, risk of in-SU and 1-year mortality in elderly subjects with acute supratentorial ICH does not differ across age categories. Our findings question use of age as an independent criterion for stratification of mortality risk in elderly subjects with acute ICH.
Utilización de Internet y dependencia a teléfonos móviles en adolescentes
Authors: Ruiz-Palmero Julio , Sánchez-Rodríguez José , Trujillo-Torres Juan Manuel
Published: September 2016

(análitico): El objetivo principal del presente trabajo ha sido analizar el uso que los adolescentes realizan de Internet y los teléfonos móviles. Se utilizó un diseño descriptivo, para la muestra se seleccionaron aleatoriamente 10 centros educativos, registrando 874 encuestas.Los adolescentes utilizan masivamente la Red, accediendo a la misma cada vez más a través del teléfono móvil, no aparecen casos llamativos de dependencia en el empleo del teléfono móvil. Otro de los problemas detectados ha sido el del tiempo de conexión a Internet, que aumenta de manera significativa al igual que destacan otros estudios similares. Es fundamental potenciar el papel de familias y centros educativos para dotar a los jóvenes de estrategias que les permitan realizar unos usos adecuados.
Tutorías y estipendio mensual: contribuciones a la trayectoria universitaria de jóvenes en situación de vulnerabilidad
Authors: Mayer Liliana , Cerezo Leticia
Published: September 2016

(descriptivo): Este artículo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados de la evaluación de un Programa implementado en Argentina que promueve la inclusión y la permanencia universitaria de jóvenes en situación de vulnerabilidad social mediante dos recursos: estipendio mensual y tutorías. Presentamos los resultados de una investigación principalmente cualitativa - combina grupos focales y entrevistas en profundidad- complementada con datos cuantitativos - encuestas autoadministradas-. Damos cuenta de las implicancias que los recursos del Programa tienen en las trayectorias universitarias, distinguiendo dos grupos: el referido a los usos y efectos en aspectos cotidianos de su vida material, y el vinculado a las contribuciones en términos de recursos para su subjetividad y socialización.
A review of Sarcocystis spp. shed by opossums (Didelphis spp.) in Brazil
Authors: Valadas Samantha Yuri Oshiro Branco , Soares Rodrigo Martins , Lindsay David Scott
Published: September 2016

Os gambás Sul-americanos são os hospedeiros definitivos de Sarcocystis falcatula, Sarcocystis neurona, Sarcocystis speeri e Sarcocystis lindsayi. Estas espécies de Sarcocystis são morfologicamente similares, mas podem ser distinguidas por sua patogenicidade e infectividade em hospedeiros intermediários (aves e camundongos imunodeficientes) e técnicas moleculares. Os gambás são animais silvestres e sinantrópicos e amplamente distribuídos no território nacional. Estudos anteriores demonstraram uma alta contaminação ambiental com esporocistos de S. neurona em diversas regiões brasileiras. Este artigo revisa informações sobre Sarcocystis spp. excretados por gambás e sua ocorrência no Brasil.
Rap nacional: a juventude negra e a experiência poético musical em sala de aula
Authors: Fernandes Ana Claudia Florindo , Martins Raquel , Oliveira Rosângela Paulino de
Published: September 2016

Este artigo se destina à reflexão acer­ca da utilização do rap nacional no ambiente es­colar a partir de sua estética e discurso, como meio de problematizar junto aos jovens a histó­ria da escravidão do Brasil, bem como a disse­minação e perpetuação do preconceito racial na sociedade brasileira. Serão abordadas algumas experiências realizadas com adolescentes em oficinas baseadas no rap, referentes a pesqui­sas de campo que fizeram parte de um Projeto de Pesquisa de Políticas Públicas. Será discutido em que medida o rap, constituído de múltiplas linguagens, tais como a oralidade, a música e a expressão corporal, pode contribuir para os pro­cessos de formação do jovem afrodescendente e morador da periferia de São Paulo e para a afir­mação da sua identidade pela via do reconheci­mento.
Lyon, das fontes escritas ao SIG histórico – método e exemplos de aplicação
Authors: Gauthiez Bernard
Published: September 2016

O SIG histórico de Lyon foi desenvol­vido a partir do final da década de 1990, com o objetivo de chegar a um novo entendimento da transformação dos espaços urbanos e sociais pela espacialização dos dados à escala dos edifí­cios. Pensamos que, por tal salto na precisão de um fator 100, de uma subdivisão por 36 bairros para uma por 3.500 edifícios no período moderno, o mapeamento levaria a novas perspectivas e no­vos resultados a história urbana. Isso envolveu o trabalho ao longo de dois séculos de documentos de arquivo, registros de impostos, censos, licenças de construção, alterações de propriedade, a fim de criar bases de dados criticamente pesquisados, seguidos por layers de SIG vetorizados. Foi neces­sário desenvolver um método para revelar a espa­cialidade implícita dessas fontes escritas, estabe­lecer um mapeamento da topografia, permitido pela reconstrução cuidadosa do padrão de trama da cidade, juntamente com sua variação antes de 1800, e levar em conta a transformação do espaço, estudado na escala real de investimentos indivi­duais, através das licenças de construção verifi­cadas com as construções ainda existentes, e o re­gistro administrativo.
Quando o carnaval chegou: ativismo político no anverso histórico do Homo ludens
Authors: Tavares Francisco Mata Machado , Veloso Ellen Ribeiro
Published: September 2016

O debate filosófico sobre a pertinência da categoria hegelo-marxista da alienação, em terras brasileiras, não se contém no âmbito estritamente conceitual, revelando-se de maneira significativa sua dimensão fática. O filósofo Vilém Flusser, por exemplo, valeu-se dos atributos sócio-históricos da sociedade brasileira para tecer uma crítica ao con­ceito de alienação e, assim, justificar a sua tese de que há no marxismo hegeliano um universalismo que não contempla realidades como a do Brasil. Este artigo se propõe a reavaliar o diagnóstico apresen­tado por Flusser, de modo a infirmar, a partir de um estudo de caso centrado na greve dos garis de 2014 no Rio de Janeiro, a generalização de que o brasilei­ro seria o Homo ludens, cuja realidade se manifesta na alienação. Sugere-se, assim, uma interpretação alternativa para a relação entre o lúdico e o político no Brasil e, por via oblíqua, a reabilitação da noção hegeliana de alienação em face da crítica fenomeno­lógica que Flusser lhe confere.
“Festa acabada, músicos a pé!”: um estudo crítico sobre as relações de trabalho de músicos atuantes no Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Requião Luciana
Published: September 2016

O trabalho tem como objetivo geral analisar e discutir as formas como a cultura – e o trabalho daqueles que atuam nesse setor – vem sendo apropriada, no sentido da valo­rização do capital, na atual fase do modo de produção capitalista. Como objeto específico de pesquisa, desenvolvemos um estudo junto a músicos profissionais vinculados ao Sindicato dos Músicos do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (Sind­Musi) com o intuito de compreender a realida­de em que vivem e trabalham. Através deste estudo buscamos subsídios para a compreen­são da realidade do trabalho do músico – em geral informal e precarizado – frente aos nú­meros apresentados pelas estatísticas oficiais que apontam para “dados promissores” do setor para a economia brasileira. Nesse contexto o trabalho do músico é percebido como produti­vo ao capital.
Diário de bordo, de Cecília Meireles, ilustrado por Fernando Correia Dias: correspondências artísticas e gênese da viagem na obra ceciliana
Authors: Romano Luís Antônio Contatori
Published: September 2016

Diário de bordo, de Cecília Meireles, lançado pela Editora Global em 2015, seduz de imediato pela beleza da cuidadosa edição, em papel couché reflex, que contribui para destacar as reproduções fotográficas de ilustrações criadas pelo artista plástico Fernando Correia Dias, primeiro marido da poeta. Ao nos determos no texto, encontramos a reunião das primeiras crônicas de viagem de Cecília Meireles, escritas diariamente durante a travessia marítima do Rio de Janeiro a Lisboa a bordo do navio Cuyabá, entre 20 de setembro e 12 de outubro de 1934, em companhia de Correia Dias. São 22 crônicas que registram impressões da luz, do mar, dos passageiros e da tripulação, das paisagens que a poeta vê ao largo, das cidades em que o navio atraca... textos que sempre têm correspondências em ilustrações feitas por Correia Dias durante a viagem, empregando a técnica de pintura direta alla prima, bastante difundida entre os pintores impressionistas.
Propensity Score–Based Analysis of Percutaneous Closure Versus Medical Therapy in Patients With Cryptogenic Stroke and Patent Foramen Ovale
Authors: Pezzini Alessandro , Grassi Mario , Lodigiani Corrado , Patella Rosalba , Gandolfo Carlo , Zini Andrea , DeLodovici Maria Luisa , Paciaroni Maurizio , Del Sette Massimo , Toriello Antonella , Musolino Rossella , Calabrò Rocco Salvatore , Bovi Paolo , Adami Alessandro , Silvestrelli Giorgio , Sessa Maria , Cavallini Anna , Marcheselli Simona , Marco Bonifati Domenico , Checcarelli Nicoletta , Tancredi Lucia , Chiti Alberto , Del Zotto Elisabetta , Tomelleri Giampaolo , Spalloni Alessandra , Giorli Elisa , Costa Paolo , Giacalone Giacomo , Ferrazzi Paola , Poli Loris , Morotti Andrea , Piras Valeria , Rasura Maurizia , Simone Anna Maria , Gamba Massimo , Cerrato Paolo , Zedde Maria Luisa , Micieli Giuseppe , Melis Maurizio , Massucco Davide , Guido Davide , De Giuli Valeria , Bonaiti Silvia , D’Amore Cataldo , La Starza Sara , Iacoviello Licia , Padovani Alessandro
Published: September 2016

Background—

We sought to compare the benefit of percutaneous closure to that of medical therapy alone for the secondary prevention of embolism in patients with patent foramen ovale (PFO) and otherwise unexplained ischemic stroke, in a propensity scored study.

Methods and Results—

Between 2000 and 2012, we selected consecutive first-ever ischemic stroke patients aged 18 to 45 years with PFO and no other cause of brain ischemia, as part of the IPSYS registry (Italian Project on Stroke in Young Adults), who underwent either percutaneous PFO closure or medical therapy for comparative analysis. Primary end point was a composite of ischemic stroke, transient ischemic attack, or peripheral embolism. Secondary end point was brain ischemia. Five hundred and twenty-one patients qualified for the analysis. The primary end point occurred in 15 patients treated with percutaneous PFO closure (7.3%) versus 33 patients medically treated (10.5%; hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval, 0.39–1.32;
P
=0.285). The rates of the secondary end point brain ischemia were also similar in the 2 treatment groups (6.3% in the PFO closure group versus 10.2% in the medically treated group; hazard ratio, 0.64; 95% confidence interval, 0.33–1.21;
P
=0.168). Closure provided a benefit in patients aged 18 to 36 years (hazard ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.04–0.81;
P
=0.026) and in those with a substantial right-to-left shunt size (hazard ratio, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.68;
P
=0.011).

Conclusions—

PFO closure seems as effective as medical therapy for secondary prevention of cryptogenic ischemic stroke. Whether device treatment might be more effective in selected cases, such as in patients younger than 37 years and in those with a substantial right-to-left shunt size, deserves further investigation.
Failure Mechanisms and Neoatherosclerosis Patterns in Very Late Drug-Eluting and Bare-Metal Stent Thrombosis
Authors: Nakamura Daisuke , Attizzani Guilherme F. , Toma Catalin , Sheth Tej , Wang Wei , Soud Mohamad , Aoun Reem , Tummala Ramyashree , Leygerman Milana , Fares Anas , Mehanna Emile , Nishino Setsu , Fung Anthony , Costa Marco A. , Bezerra Hiram G.
Published: September 2016

Background—

There are few clinical studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms of very late stent thrombosis (VLST). We report optical coherence tomography findings in patients with VLST and compare the findings between bare-metal stents (BMS) and drug-eluting stents (DES).

Methods and Results—

We conducted a registry of stent thrombosis at 4 North American centers with optical coherence tomography imaging programs SAFE registry (The Study of Late Stent Failure Evaluated by OCT). Images were acquired in 61 patients (42 DES and 19 BMS) presenting with definite VLST. The median duration from implantation to VLST presentation was 51.4 months in the DES and 69.9 months in the BMS group (
P
=0.011). Uncovered and malapposed struts were observed in 70.5% (43/61) and 62.3% (38/61) of patients, respectively, whereas neoatherosclerosis was revealed in 49.2% (30/61). Stent underexpansion was observed in 42.4% of patients. Malapposed struts and stent underexpansion were more frequently demonstrated in DES than in BMS patients, whereas neoatherosclerosis was frequently observed in BMS (40.5% in DES and 68.4% in BMS;
P
=0.056). The percentage of frames with neoatherosclerosis was lower in DES than in BMS (15.56% [12.24–28.57] versus, 56.41% [40.74–70.00], respectively;
P
<0.001). Maximum consecutive lipid neointima length was shorter in DES than in BMS (2.4 [1.2–3.6] and 5.3 [3.0–7.0] mm;
P
=0.011).

Conclusions—

Optical coherence tomography imaging demonstrated that VLST in DES and BMS had a wide variety of abnormal findings, such as neoatherosclerosis, uncovered strut, and malapposed strut. Neoatherosclerosis and lipid neointima were more frequently observed and had more longitudinal extension in BMS compared with DES.
The Defensive Vocal "Distress" Repertoire of Gekkonid Lizards: Intra- and Inter-Specific Variation
Authors: Frankenberg Eliezer , Werner Yehudah L.
Published: September 2016

Vocalizations emitted in a uniform distress situation were recorded from adult, similarly sized, gekkonine lizards Bunopus blanfordii, Cyrtodactylus kotschyi orientalis, Gehyra variegata and Stenodactylus s. sthenodactylus. The 269 calls obtained from the 24 individuals used, analysed sonagraphically, segregated into four distinct call types recurring in each species. Ten independently varying factors combine to make this repertoire extremely variable. This variation is independent of the acoustic environment. Because the vocal response to an attacking predator is so unpredictable, and because the acoustic frequency range transcends the hearing range of the geckos themselves, the calls are believed to have a deimatic, anti-predator, function.
A New Species of Caecilia (Amphibia : Gymnophiona) from Bolivia
Authors: Wake Marvalee H.
Published: September 2016

A new species of the gymnophione genus Caecilia from Bolivia is described . Collected by and named in honor of Professor Harry Marcus, the new species significantly extends the range of Caecilia to the southeast.
Untersuchungen zur Jahresperiodik der Fortpflanzung beim miinnlichen Kammolch, Triturus cristatus cristatus Laurenti, in Abhiingigkeit von Photoperiode und Wassertemperatur
Authors: Steinborn Jörg
Published: September 2016

Under natural photoperiodic conditions and natural water temperatures, the spermatogenesis and testis cycle of Triturus cristatus cristatus exhibits a clear annual periodicity with one
reproductive period extending from the end of April to the middle of June. This cycle can be divided into three different phases:

1 ) progression with expulsion of ripe sperma and subsequent spermatocytogenesis ; 2) regeneration with spermiohistogenesis and maximum testis' weight; 3) gonadal resting phase. An advance of gonadal activity in winter with premature expulsion of mature sperm a was only possible in LD 16 : 8 at 20 ± 1°C water temperature; complete spermatogenesis can occur after the middle of February.

In the winter and summer, water temperature of 11 ± 1°C combined with long days, LD 12 : 12 , or with short days prevent any gonadal activity. Therefore, water temperature of 20 ± 1°C, combined with long days, are a prerequisite for adequate hypothalamus-hypophysis-gonad-activity.

In a year's study with LD 16 : 8 at 20 ± 1°C water temperature, a more or less pronounced spermiahistogenetic activity without expulsion of sperma was observed.
Diagnostic Features of Rana danieli (Anura: Ranidae) Tadpoles
Authors: Khare M. K. , Sahu A. K.
Published: September 2016

Tadpoles of Rana danieli Pillai and Chanda were collected from temporary rain pools in marshy places at Umling situated at 296 m above sea level (91° 48’ E , 25°58’ N) about 65 km north of Shillong at Meghalaya hills. They are characterised by the keratodont formula 1:1+1/1+2:2, the presence of poison glands on the ventral and lateral abdominal surface, and a lateral line system on head and trunk region. Their structural features confirm the allocation of this species to the subgenus Hylarana.
Analyse expérimentale du déplacement du saurien Bachia cophias (Schneider), microtéiidé a membres réduits. Un modèle simplifié de reptation par ondulations
Authors: Gasc Jean-Pierre
Published: September 2016

The locomotion of Bachia cophias, a microteid living in the litter of the forest floor in French Guyana, was recorded by sequential photography while the animal moved over a plane surface of low roughness. The excursions of the waves of the trunk are used to generate a simple model for the locomotor method of the snakelike Squamata. The trunk is modelled as an oscillating, linear tensile system. The wave length and the propagation rate increase from front to rear, particularly when one or more limbs are lifted. The improved effectiveness of external force application may reflect modulation of the tensile internal forces which are generated by the plurisegmental muscles.

Résumé. La locomotion de Bachia cophias, microtéiidé vivant dans la litière de la forêt guyanaise, est étudiée dans des conditions expérimentales extrêmes: les mouvements de l’animal, qui est placé sur un espace plan à faible rugosité, sont chronophotographiés. Les caractéristiques de l'onde de flexion latérale du corps et les mouvements des membres réduits permettent de dégager un modèle simple du type de locomotion adopté par un Squamate serpentiforme, le corps étant assimilé à un système linéaire en tension qui entre en vibration. On observe une augmentation de la longueur de l'onde et une accé¬lération de la propagation vers l'arrière en particulier lors du mouvement de levé d'un ou de plusieurs membres. Cet accroissement de l'efficacité dans l'exercice des forces extérieures, paraît dû a une modulation de la tension dans les dispositifs musculaires plurisegmentaires.
The Diet of the Hispaniolan Snake Hypsirhynchus ferox (Colubridae)
Authors: Henderson Robert W.
Published: September 2016

Hypsirhynchus is a diurnal, terrestrial colubrid endemic to Hispaniola. It has a stocky, viperid-like body and head, with a relatively attenuated snout. It is strictly saurophagous, and undergoes an ontogenetic expansion in diet from small, largely scansorial iguanids (Anolis) to a large teiid (Ameiva chrysolaema). Comparisons are made with Uromacer frenatus dorsalis, an Hispaniolan tree snake that exhibits a similar dietary change.
Die Fülle der Dinge
Authors: Meierhofer Christian
Published: September 2016

The article examines the conceptual interrelation between copia and delectatio within the early modern newspaper and literary discourse. The historical semantics of these notions helps to understand how “Unterhaltung” becomes a central category for the book market in the 16th and 17th centuries. Most successful, here, are compilations and collections of short prose, which advertise their texts by emphasizing the very amount and the diverting variation of materials they gather.
Zwischen Schlachtfest und Passion. Stationen des Orpheus-Stoffes auf der Hamburgischen Opernbühne
Authors: Scheidel Fabian David
Published: September 2016

The paper presents the opera as a musical and literary genre that is closely linked to principles of intertextuality. In a twofold analysis various examples of the Hamburg Opera – including Reinhard Keiser’s Der Angenehme Betrug/ oder: Der Carneval von Venedig (1707) and Georg Philipp Telemann’s Die wunderbare Beständigkeit der Liebe, oder Orpheus (1726) – are re-evaluated in the context of French opera as well as protestant German Passiontide literature.
International Investment Law and ISDS: Mapping Contemporary Latin America
Authors: Fach Gómez Katia , Titi Catharine
Published: September 2016

In recent years, the negotiation and conclusion of international investment agreements (IIAs) in Latin America has gone hand-in-hand with a rethinking of investment standards and the elaboration of new IIA models. This is evident, among others, in Brazil’s cooperation and facilitation investment agreements (CFIAs), the continuing negotiations on the creation of a regional dispute settlement centre under the aegis of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), some recently-released investment policy documents and amendments to national arbitration laws for disputes involving the State. The article highlights such developments emphasising the broad spectrum of local approaches that vary from convergence to divergence in order to interpret Latin American countries’ position in the existing investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS) system and reveal the role that the sub-continent can play in the future design of ISDS.
The UNASUR Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes and Venezuela: Will Both Ever See the Light at the End of the Tunnel?
Authors: Sarmiento María Gabriela
Published: September 2016

One of the objectives of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) is the creation of a regional dispute settlement centre to replace the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). To that end, UNASUR formed the High Level Experts Working Group on the Settlement of Investment Disputes whose efforts have thus far culminated in the November 2014 Draft Constitutive Agreement on the UNASUR Centre. This article analyses les enjeux politiques, it reviews the measures taken and the actions envisioned by UNASUR to change the much-criticised current system of investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS), and describes in detail the 2014 Draft Constitutive Agreement. In addition, it examines the inherent conflict within UNASUR’s mandate: advance integration in the region, while respecting State sovereignty. That tension is particularly evident in the case of Venezuela, used in this article as an example for the challenges facing the UNASUR Centre.
Matrix Remodeling and Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Increases with Higher Fibrin Matrix Stiffness
Authors: de Jong Thijs , Weijers Ester M. , Bakker Astrid D. , Koolwijk Pieter , Smit Theo H.
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Fibrin-matrices of different stiffness can be used for tissue engineering. The differentiation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling properties of mesenchymal stem cells can be influenced by matrix stiffness. We hypothesized that stiffer fibrin matrices slow matrix degradation and favor the osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs).Materials and Methods: hASCs were incorporated at different densities into soft and stiff fibrin matrices composed of 2 mg/ml fibrinogen and 0.1 or 1.0 IU/ml thrombin. The Young's moduli of the matrices were determined by nano-indentation. Fibrin degradation was determined during a 14 day culture period by ELISA. qPCR and histology were used to assess ECM remodeling and osteogenic differentiation.Results: Fibrin matrices polymerized with 1.0 IU/ml thrombin were 69% stiffer than those polymerized with 0.1 IU/ml. Stiffer matrices degraded more than soft matrices. Higher cell seeding densities increased matrix degradation. Cells in stiffer matrices produced more Alkaline Phosphatase and ECM than cells in softer matrices. RUNX-2 expression was almost ten times higher in stiff matrices than in soft matrices.Discussion: Only stiff fibrin matrices induced osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Unexpectedly, this was accompanied by enhanced cell-mediated matrix remodeling. These results suggest that a mechanical threshold for differentiation and ECM-remodeling was reached for cells embedded in the stiff matrices.