bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medication waste disposal practices among patients attending selected out patient departments in a tertiary care institution: a cross sectional survey
Authors: R. Bataduwaarachchi Vipula , Thevarajah Rameshkumar , Weeraratne Chamari L.
Published: April 2018

Background: Medication waste has major implications on human and animal health, environmental safety and the health economy. Low and middle income countries have paid less attention to proper medication waste disposal at household and community level. This is the first baseline assessment on medication waste disposal practices among the general public in Sri Lanka.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional survey, conducted via face to face interviews using a structured questionnaire among selected outpatient clinics at the National Hospital of Sri Lanka. A non-probability sampling technique was used to achieve a representative sample from each clinic. The data collectors were trained prior to administering the questionnaire. Data was presented as descriptive statistics using percentages. Chi-square test was used to find associations.Results: From the total number of participants (n=200) majority were females 135 (67.5%). Majority of the participants (78%) stated that they have unused medicines at home. Among them, tablet form was the commonest (78%) followed by topical preparations (49%). Commonest reason for having unused medicines at home were self-discontinuation as illness resolved (57.5%). There was a significant difference between the knowledge and practices when disposing tablet form (<0.001), syrups (0.002), topical preparations (0.04) and sharps (<0.001). Majority (23%) discarded sharp to rubbish bins. Rubbish bin was the commonest mode of disposal for all dosage forms as well as devices.Conclusions: In this sample majority had unused medicines at home which was compatible with the pattern seen in other countries and need proper attention.
Drug utilization study in diabetic patients seeking medical treatment in a north Indian rural medical college hospital
Authors: Sharma Shweta , Chopra S. C. , Sharma D. K. , Singla Juhi , Kapoor Vinod
Published: April 2018

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease and its life-long management causes burden on lifestyle and financial condition of the patients. Drug utilization studies provide useful insights into the current prescribing practices.Methods: To evaluate the drug utilization pattern of anti-diabetic drugs in diabetic patients. A prospective observational study was carried out in adult diabetic patients visiting the Wards and Outpatient Department of General Medicine of a tertiary care hospital. The demographic data and utilization of different classes of anti-diabetic agents as well as individual drugs were analyzed.Results: In 125 patients (Male-65, Female-60), a total of 379 drugs (average 3.032±2.05) were used per day, out of which 76 (20.05%) were rational fixed dose combinations (FDCs) and 261 (68.86%) were prescribed from National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2015. The number of drugs prescribed to be ingested was 326 (86.01%) and 63 (16.62%) were injectables.Conclusions: It was found that the prescription tendencies of the doctors were quite rational. More improvement can be done by sensitizing them to prescribe more drugs from NLEM. The limitations in the affordability of rural population should be taken care of while prescribing drugs for this chronic disease.
Análise das informações ambientais evidenciadas nos relatórios de sustentabilidade e relatórios anuais sobre efluentes líquidos das empresas brasileiras
Authors: Vogt Mara , Degenhart Larissa , Hein Nelson , Rosa Fabricia Silva da
Published: April 2018

Resumo: Neste estudo objetivou-se analisar as informações ambientais evidenciadas nos Relatórios de Sustentabilidade (RS) e Relatórios Anuais (RA) sobre efluentes líquidos das empresas brasileiras. Realizou-se pesquisa descritiva, documental e quantitativa. A população da pesquisa compreende as 100 empresas pertencentes ao Índice Brasil 100 e a amostra foi composta por 97 dessas empresas. Foram verificados critérios e subcritérios com diferentes escalas sobre o aspecto efluentes nos RA e RS no período de 2010 a 2013. Calculou-se o peso da informação por meio da entropia e após foi aplicado o método Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) para a elaboração dos rankings e a correlação de Spearman. Em relação aos critérios e subcritérios analisados, o tipo de informação apresentou a maior influência na evidenciação sobre efluentes em ambos os relatórios. No que se refere ao ranking geral sobre as informações ambientais verificadas nos RA, as empresas que mais se destacaram foram a BRF – Brasil Foods e a Duratex. Já referente às informações divulgadas nos RS, as empresas Fibria e BRF – Brasil Foods foram destaque no período analisado. Conclui-se que as empresas brasileiras deveriam divulgar mais informações ambientais sobre efluentes em seus relatórios, visto que muitas destas não apresentaram informações sobre os critérios e subcritérios analisados.Palavras-chave: Evidenciação ambiental. Efluentes líquidos. Empresas brasileiras. Analysis of environmental information evidenced in Sustainability Reporting and Annual Reports on liquid effluent of brazilian Abstract: This study aimed to analyze the environmental information reported through Sustainability Reports (RS) and Annual Reports (RA) on wastewater of Brazilian companies. A descriptive, document and quantitative research. The study population includes 100 companies belonging to the Brazil Index 100 and the sample was composed of 97 of these companies. Criteria and sub-criteria were verified with different scales on the aspect effluents in RA and RS for the period 2010 to 2013. We calculated the weight of the information through the entropy and after we applied the method Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) for the development the rankings and the Spearman correlation. Regarding the analyzed criteria and sub-criteria, the type of information had the highest influence on the disclosure of effluent in both reports. Regarding the overall ranking on environmental information verified in RA, companies that stood out were the BRF – Brazil Foods and Duratex. Already regarding the information disclosed in the RS, the Fibria companies and BRF – Brazil Foods were highlighted during the period. It is concluded that Brazilian companies should disclose more environmental information effluents in their reports, as many of these have not provided information on the criteria and sub-criteria analysis.Keywords: Environmental disclosure. Wastewater. Brazilian companies.
Custo financeiro da estocagem: estudo de caso em indústria de grande porte
Authors: Wernke Rodney , Santos Andrey Pereira dos , Schlickmann Lia , Zanin Antonio
Published: April 2018

Resumo: Neste artigo objetivou-se a mensuração dos custos financeiros relacionados à estocagem de matérias-primas de uma fábrica de grande porte. Para tanto, foi utilizada metodologia do tipo descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa e o formato de estudo de caso. Quanto aos resultados, no conjunto de 261 matérias-primas estocadas (que superava R$ 5,3 milhões) foram aplicados os procedimentos detalhados no texto que proporcionaram informações gerenciais acerca do valor elevado dos estoques excedentes (R$ 1.029.913,26), da existência de insumos com prazos de estocagem extensos e de custos financeiros expressivos (superiores a R$ 170 mil) pela manutenção de estoque com tais características. Além disso, foi possível determinar os produtos mais problemáticos e o desempenho por grupos de matérias-primas, permitindo a comparação entre essas modalidades de segregação. Por último, foram elencadas algumas limitações do estudo e recomendados temas para futuras pesquisas.Palavras-chave: Custo financeiro. Estoque. Estudo de caso. Financial cost of storage: a case study in a large industry Abstract: The article aimed at the measurement of financial costs related to the storage of raw materials of a large factory. For that, a descriptive methodology was used, with a qualitative approach and the case study format. As to the results, the procedures detailed in the text that provided managerial information about the high value of surplus inventories (R$ 1.029.913, 26), the existence of inputs with long storage periods and significant financial costs (over R$ 170 thousand) for the maintenance of inventory with such characteristics. In addition, it was possible to determine the most problematic products and performance by groups of raw materials, allowing a comparison between these segregation modalities. Finally, some limitations of the study and recommended topics for future research were listed.Keywords: Financial cost. Stock. Case study.
‘It’s an adjustment’: The experiences of stay-at-home mothers in graduate teacher education programs
Authors: Lukacs Karrin
Published: April 2018

It is important that teacher education programs be aware of their students’ lives and experiences both inside and outside of the classroom. This is especially true in the case of students who are also stay-at-home mothers who are trying to balance the demands of their personal and professional lives and to adjust to the differing expectations for each. This study was designed to explore the experiences of 10 stay-at-home mothers who decided to return to school to become teachers. Results indicate that the students felt that motherhood helped them to be more tolerant and understanding, but that it was often difficult to balance their dual roles of mother and student. Implications for graduate teacher education programs and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Hematological and serum biochemical alterations in White Fulani cattle with tuberculous lesions
Authors: Ihedioha John I. , Udeani Ikechukwu J. , Ezeasor Chukwunonso K.
Published: April 2018

This study assessed hematological and serum biochemical alterations associated with the occurrence of tuberculous lesions in slaughtered White Fulani cattle at Nsukka abattoir, Enugu State, Nigeria. Diagnosis was confirmed by the immunochromatographic technique and histopathology. Out of 567 cattle examined, ten (1.76%) had tuberculous lesions. The tuberculous cattle had normocytic normochromic anemia, leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, eosinophilia and an increased erythrocyte sedimentation rate. They also had significantly lower (p < 0.05) serum alanine aminotransferase, albumin and urea, and significantly higher (p < 0.05) serum globulin than the apparently healthy control animals. We concluded that the occurrence of tubercles in cattle was associated with alterations in hematological and serum biochemical parameters, which may be relevant to the establishment of an antemortem diagnosis of tuberculosis.
MONITORING KARBON MONOKSIDA (CO) DAN PARAMETER METEOROLOGIS DI TERMINAL TAWANG ALUN KABUPATEN JEMBER
Authors: Purnama Norry Levi , Yushardi Yushardi , Gani Agus Abdul
Published: April 2018

AbstractTawang Alun Terminal Jember Regency is one of the dense areas ofvehicles have potential to experience carbon monoxide gas pollution and very lowrainfall compared to the surrounding neighborhoods. This research has shown thecondition of air and carbon monoxide concentration in terminal area of TawangAlun. Monitoring used a set of sensor-based tools with an Arduino microcontroller.The results of monitoring of carbon monoxide and meteorological parameters,obtained the highest concentration of carbon monoxide occured during the day butgradually decreased in the afternoon until late in the night when the temperaturewas getting down and the air humidity increases. In contrast to the amount of windspeed that showed the linear distribution pattern as time changed. The averageresult of carbon monoxide measurements on holidays is 71,000-158,000 μg / Nm3 onweekdays of 62,000-69,000 μg /Nm3. This value showed that has exceeded theambient air quality standard limit for carbon monoxide gas is 30,000 μg / Nm3. Theamount of carbon monoxide content is influenced by the volume of vehicles with aregression rate of 82.3%..Keywords: Carbon Monoxide, meteorological parameters, the ambient air qualitystandard
Prevalence of Parkinson Disease in Hospitalized Patients With Congestive Heart Failure
Authors: Enwerem N. M. , Okunji P. O. , Ngwa J. S. , Karavatas S. G. , Fungwe T. V. , Obisesan T. O.
Published: April 2018

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, after Alzheimer’s disease, affecting approximately one million persons aged 65 years and above in the United States. Parkinson's disease represents a major medical concern for health professionals, national healthcare bodies and a heavy burden for caregivers. Heart failure occurred twice as frequently in elderly PD patients as in non-PD patients. There is paucity of information on the association of patient and hospital characteristics on the outcomes of inpatient with both congestive heart failure and Parkinson disease.Congestive Heart Failure with PD as a comorbidity will increase the cost of care and health resources. We investigate on the current prevalence and factors that affect the inpatient with both CHF and PD conditions using a longitudinal datasets from National Inpatient Samples. The results obtained from this study will provide information that will reduce frequent readmission, length of stay, total charges and mortality rate in this population.Methods: Data from the National Inpatient Samples (NIS) were extracted and analyzed using ICD 9 codes (CHF 428, PD 332) for the main diagnosis. For continuous variables, we calculated the mean and standard deviations and evaluated significant differences of these factors by Parkinson disease status using the t-test. For categorical variables, we obtained the counts (proportions) and evaluated significant differences using the Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test Propensity score was utilized to match age, gender and race using logistic model for hospital death and generalized linear model for length of stay (LOS) and hospital charges.Result: The overall frequency of Parkinson disease (PD) in congestive heart failure was 1.54 % (n = 10,748). PD patients with CHF were more likely to be males (53.13 %; 5462) and Caucasians (82.24 %; n=8454). The average age of inpatient was approximately 80 years (SD=8.05). Hospital admission, decreases with median household income. Patients with low income ($1 - $38,999) were admitted more with 3002 (29.70%) than those with higher income ($63,000 and more) with 2230 (22.06%). Length of stay (LOS) (p<0.0001) and total charge incurred during hospitalization were less in patients with PD (p< 0.005) (table 1). In these analyses, we found that patients with PD were discharged more from urban non-teaching hospital than urban teaching hospital (p<0.0001).Conclusion: The general characteristics and frequency of the participant in this study are summarized in Table I. Accordingly, characteristics of patients with congestive heart failure with or without Parkinson’s disease did not differ by age, gender, or ethnicity (P>1.000). Similarly, hospital death rates (%) were not different (P>1.000), although hospital length of stay (P<1.000) and total charge incurred during hospitalization were less in patients with PD (p < 0.005)
CHARF LĀM DALAM CERPEN AʻŪDZU BIKA MINKA KARYA ICHSĀN ʻABDUAL-QUDDŪS (KAJIAN SINTAKSIS)
Authors: Afnan Arummi Yudi Adistiro,
Published: April 2018

This research was conducted to describe the function of "particle lām" attached word class as content syntax function and to know the meanings of appearing in the sentence. This research was done by three steps, such as :1) providing data step by using see note method .2) analysis data step by using devide direct subtance (BUL). 3) Presentation the result of analysis data step by using formal method. According to result of the reseach could be conclused that there were 107 "charf lam" by detail of 61 adhere in noun and 46 data adhere in verb.This reseach was described two materials: 1) the functionparticle lām attached word class as content syntax function in sentence such as : predicate, objective, and adverb. 2) the meanings particle lām such as : a) affirmation, reinforcement, rightful authority, ownership autentic, ownership something that abstract characteristic, the reason, the answering, delivery, the processing become, receiving autentic, receiving something that abstract characteristic, far, transitive, meaning particle ʿalā, meaning particle ilā, meaning particle min.
تأثير إستراتـجيات معرفية والتلاعب الفكري فى تعليم اللغة العربية
Authors: مصباح الدين محمد
Published: April 2018

Teaching is a knowledge and art. It is knowledge because all of its activities must be driven by scientific research findings, whereas it is artistic because of its applications on how the teaching is creative and singning a good impression. In order to this distinctive purpose, the good teaching need to several methods based on comprehensive and interdiciplinary research findings. This paper examines the influence of cognitif strategy and mind manipulation on Arabic language teaching. The finding shown by this paper is that the influence of both cognitif strategy and mind manipulation is significant. The significance of cognitif strategy is led by a number of actitivites i.e. practicing, receiving and delivering knowledge, analysing and concluding, arranging an input and output. In the other hand, the significance of mind manipulation is identified by a way the information is taken out, or the influencing on the subconscious is conducted, and by hypnotism and cultivation of ideas.
AL-AFʻĀL AL-INJĀZIYYAH AT-TAUJĪHIYYAH DALAM NOVEL SYAIʻUN FĪ SHADRĪ KARYA ICHSĀN ABDU AL-QUDDŪS: KAJIAN PRAGMATIK
Authors: Jawat Nur Abdul
Published: April 2018

This paper will describe al-afʻāl al-injāziyyah at-taujīhiyyah or acts of directive illocution speech in the novel Syaiʻun fī Shadrī the work of Ichsān 'Abdu Al -Quddūs which is studied based on pragmatic studies. Novel Syaiʻun fī Shadrī is a novel classified as new (2016) in which many expressions containing acts of directive illocution speech. This is the reason for this research. To facilitate the course of research, this research through three strategic stages, namely data collection methods, data analysis methods, and methods of reporting the results of data analysis. Based on research that has been done concluded that in the novel SFS Ichsānby'Abdu Al-Quddūs is used various kinds of the act of directive illocution speech. They are (1) The act of saying thalabiyyah is a request to do or leave something, such as: rule 'amr', ask permission 'isti'zān ', suggests' iqtirāch', warns' tachdzīr ', motivates' tasyjī' ', begs attention' tanbīh, threatens' tahdīd', prays'du'ā', swearing 'qasam' and (2) The act of nafsiyyah speech is a speech act related to psychological conditions, such as motivating, cursing, pitting, and joking.
Preemergence Herbicide Effects on Hybrid Bermudagrass Root Architecture and Establishment
Authors: Begitschke Erick G. , McCurdy James D. , Tseng Te-Ming , Barickman T. Casey , Stewart Barry R. , Baldwin Christian M. , Richard Michael P. , Tomaso-Peterson Maria
Published: April 2018

Preemergence herbicides generally have a negative effect on hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy] establishment. However, little is known about the effect they have on root architecture and development. Research was conducted to determine the effects of commonly used preemergence herbicides on ‘Latitude 36’ hybrid bermudagrass root architecture and establishment. The experiment was conducted in a climate-controlled greenhouse maintained at 26 °C day/night temperature at Mississippi State University in Starkville, MS, from Apr. 2016 to June 2016 and repeated from July 2016 to Sept. 2016. Hybrid bermudagrass plugs (31.6 cm2) were planted in 126-cm2 pots (1120 cm3) and preemergence herbicide treatments were applied 1 d after planting at the recommended labeled rate for each herbicide. Preemergence herbicide treatments included atrazine, atrazine + S-metolachlor, dithiopyr, flumioxazin, indaziflam, liquid and granular applied oxadiazon, S-metolachlor, pendimethalin, prodiamine, and simazine. Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. Plugs treated with indaziflam and liquid applied oxadiazon failed to achieve 50% hybrid bermudagrass cover by the end of the experiment. Of the remaining herbicide treatments, all herbicides other than granular applied oxadiazon and atrazine increased the number of days required to reach 50% cover (Days50). In addition, all herbicide treatments reduced root mass when harvested 6 weeks after treatment (WAT) relative to the nontreated. By 10 WAT, all treatments reduced root mass in run 1, but during run 2, only prodiamine, pendimethalin, simazine, atrazine + S-metolachlor, liquid applied oxadiazon, and indaziflam reduced dry root mass compared with the nontreated. At 4 WAT, all treatments other than simazine and granular applied oxadiazon reduced root length when compared with the nontreated. By 10 WAT, only dithiopyr, S-metolachlor alone, and indaziflam reduced root length when compared with the nontreated. No differences were detected in the total amounts of nonstarch nonstructural carbohydrates (TNSC) within the roots in either run of the experiment. Results suggest that indaziflam, dithiopyr, and S-metolachlor are not safe on newly established hybrid bermudagrass and should be avoided during establishment. For all other treatments, hybrid bermudagrass roots were able to recover from initial herbicidal injury by 10 WAT; however, future research should evaluate tensile strength of treated sod.
Soil Moisture Sensor-based Systems are Suitable for Monitoring and Controlling Irrigation of Greenhouse Crops
Authors: Henderson Scott , Gholami David , Zheng Youbin
Published: April 2018

Sensor-based feedback control irrigation systems have been increasingly explored for greenhouse applications. However, the relationships between microclimate variation, plant water usage, and growth are not well understood. A series of trials were conducted to investigate the microclimate variations in different greenhouses and whether a soil moisture sensor-based system can be used in monitoring and controlling irrigation in greenhouse crop productions. Ocimum basilicum ‘Genovese Gigante’ basil and Campanula portenschlagiana ‘Get Mee’ bellflowers were monitored using soil moisture sensors for an entire crop cycle at two commercial greenhouses. Significant variations in greenhouse microclimates were observed within the two commercial greenhouses and within an older research greenhouse. Evaporation rates were measured and used as an integrated indicator of greenhouse microclimate conditions. Evaporation rates varied within all three greenhouses and were almost double the lowest rates within one of the greenhouses, suggesting microclimates within a range of greenhouses. Although these microclimate variations caused large variations in the growing substrate water contents of containers within the greenhouses, the growth and quality of the plants were unaffected. For example, no significant correlations were observed between the growth of bellflower plants and the average volumetric water content (VWC), minimum VWC, or maximum VWC of the growing substrate. The change in VWC at each irrigation (ΔVWC), however, was positively correlated with the fresh weight, dry weight, and growth index (GI) of the bellflowers. For basil, no significant correlations were observed between plant growth and ΔVWC. This suggests that sensor-based feedback irrigation systems can be used for greenhouse crop production when considerations are given to factors such as the magnitude of microclimate variation, crop species and its sensitivity to water stress, and growing substrate.
Morphology and Flowering Responses of Four Bedding Plant Species to a Range of Red to Far Red Ratios
Authors: Mah Jasmine J. , Llewellyn David , Zheng Youbin
Published: April 2018

In greenhouse ornamental crop production, bedding plants grown below high densities of hanging baskets (HBs) tend to be of lower quality. Hanging basket crops can decrease the red to far red ratio (R:FR) of the growing environment below; however, the extent to which decreased R:FR affects plant morphology and flowering of the lower-level crops is unknown. The present study examined effects of R:FR on morphology and flowering of marigold ‘Antigua Orange’ (Tagetes erecta), petunia ‘Duvet Red’ (Petunia ×hybrida), calibrachoa ‘Kabloom Deep Blue’ (Calibrachoa ×hybrida), and geranium ‘Pinto Premium Salmon’ (Pelargonium ×hortorum). Five R:FR light treatments were provided ranging from R:FR 1.1 (representing unfiltered sunlight) to R:FR 0.7 (representing shaded conditions under HBs) using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in growth chambers, each with identical photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) (400–700 nm) and FR added to achieve the target R:FR ratio. Two experiments using the same R:FR treatments were conducted with day/night temperature regimes of 20 °C/18 °C and 25 °C/21 °C, respectively. In the second experiment, a fluorescent light treatment was included. The results of the second experiment were more dramatic than the first, where reducing R:FR from 1.1 to 0.7 increased height by 11%, 22%, and 32% in marigold, petunia, and calibrachoa, respectively, and increased petiole length in geranium by 10%. Compared with R:FR 1.1, the R:FR 0.7 shortened the time to the appearance of first flower bud by 2 days in marigold, whereas flowering was minimally affected in other species. Compared with pooled data from the LED treatments, fluorescent light increased relative chlorophyll content for all species, reduced height in marigold, petunia, calibrachoa, and geranium by 26%, 67%, 60%, and 48%, and reduced stem dry weight by 28%, 39%, 21%, and 31%, respectively. The differences in morphology observed under fluorescent light compared with LED R:FR treatments indicate that light quality manipulation is a potential alternative to chemical growth regulators in controlled environments such as greenhouses and growth chambers.
Responses of Sweet Basil to Different Daily Light Integrals in Photosynthesis, Morphology, Yield, and Nutritional Quality
Authors: Dou Haijie , Niu Genhua , Gu Mengmeng , Masabni Joseph G.
Published: April 2018

Consumption of basil (Ocimum basilicum) has been increasing worldwide in recent years because of its unique aromatic flavor and relatively high concentration of phenolics. To achieve a stable and reliable supply of basil, more growers are turning to indoor controlled-environment production with artificial lighting due to its high environmental controllability and sustainability. However, electricity cost for lighting is a major limiting factor to the commercial application of indoor vertical farming, and little information is available on the minimum light requirement to produce uniform and high-quality sweet basil. To determine the optimal daily light integral (DLI) for sweet basil production in indoor vertical farming, this study investigated the effects of five DLIs, namely, 9.3, 11.5, 12.9, 16.5, and 17.8 mol·m−2·d−1 on basil growth and quality. ‘Improved Genovese Compact’ sweet basil was treated with five DLIs provided by white fluorescent lamps (FLs) for 21 d after germination, and gas exchange rate, growth, yield, and nutritional quality of basil plants were measured to evaluate the effects of the different DLIs on basil growth and quality. Results indicated that basil plants grown under higher DLIs of 12.9, 16.5, or 17.8 mol·m−2·d−1 had higher net photosynthesis, transpiration, and stomatal conductance (gS), compared with those under lower DLIs of 9.3 and 11.5 mol·m−2·d−1. High DLIs resulted in lower chlorophyll (Chl) a+b concentration per leaf fresh weight (FW), higher Chl a/b ratios, and larger and thicker leaves of basil plants. The shoot FW under DLIs of 12.9, 16.5, and 17.8 mol·m−2·d−1 was 54.2%, 78.6%, and 77.9%, respectively, higher than that at a DLI of 9.3 mol·m−2·d−1. In addition, higher DLIs led to higher soluble sugar percent and dry matter percent than lower DLIs. The amounts of total anthocyanin, phenolics, and flavonoids per plant of sweet basil were also positively correlated to DLIs, and antioxidant capacity at a DLI of 17.8 mol·m−2·d−1 was 73% higher than that at a DLI of 9.3 mol·m−2·d−1. Combining the results of growth, yield, and nutritional quality of sweet basil, we suggest a DLI of 12.9 mol·m−2·d−1 for sweet basil commercial production in indoor vertical farming to minimize the energy cost while maintaining a high yield and nutritional quality.
Sweet Onion (Allium cepa L.) as Influenced by Organic Fertilization Rate: 1. Plant Growth, and Leaf and Bulb Mineral Composition
Authors: Díaz-Pérez Juan Carlos , Bautista Jesús , Gunawan Gunawati , Bateman Anthony , Riner Cliff Martin
Published: April 2018

Vidalia onions (Allium cepa L.) are sweet, short-day, low pungency, yellow Granex-type bulbs that are popular in the United States because of their mild flavor. There are limited studies on sweet onion plant growth in response to organic fertilization rate. The objective of this report was to evaluate the effects of organic fertilizer rates on sweet onion plant growth, and leaf and bulb mineral nutrients. Experiments were carried out at the Horticulture Farm, Tifton Campus, University of Georgia, in the Winters of 2012–13 and 2013–14. There were five treatments [organic fertilizer 3–2–3 equivalent to 0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg·ha−1 nitrogen (N)]. During the season and at the mature plant stage, root, stem, and bulb biomass increased whereas the root-to-shoot ratio decreased with increasing fertilization rate up to 120 kg·ha−1 N. Foliar concentrations of N and Ca decreased whereas Cu concentration increased with increasing organic fertilization rate. Bulb Mg and Mn increased whereas P and Cu decreased with increasing organic fertilization rate. The accumulation of mineral nutrients by onion whole plants increased quadratically (N, P, K, and S) or linearly (Ca and Mg) with increasing fertilization rate. The N use efficiency decreased with increasing organic fertilization rate; the agronomic efficiency of N (AEN) decreased quadratically and the marginal yield decreased linearly with increasing fertilization rate. Chlorophyll indices (CI) were highest with 240 kg·ha−1 N and lowest with 0 kg·ha−1 N. In conclusion, onion plant growth increased with increasing organic fertilizer rate probably because of augmented soil N levels. Observation of nutrient deficiencies late in the season, even at high organic fertilization rates, indicates that preplant application of organic fertilizer was sufficient to cover plant nutritional needs only partially and that applications of N fertilizer later in the season may be necessary. High application rates of organic fertilizer (above those required by the crop) may have resulted in significant N leaching because it is unlikely that the crop used most of the N that was mineralized. Bulb concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Fe, Cu, and Mn were higher compared with values reported in the literature for onions produced with inorganic fertilizers.
Identifying Drivers of Organic Decertification: An Analysis of Fruit and Vegetable Farmers
Authors: Torres Ariana P. , Marshall Maria I.
Published: April 2018

Little is known about the drivers of organic decertification and it is unclear what production practices farmers adopt after decertification. This article investigated how farm demographics and characteristics, sources of information, and perceptions influence a farmer’s decision to decertify. The data for this article were from a 2012 web-based survey of fruit and vegetable farmers that were part of the Food Industry MarketMaker database. We used a robust probit regression to identify the drivers of organic decertification of fruit and vegetable farmers in the U.S. Demographics; farm’s characteristics, sources of information, and farmer’s perceptions were key factors influencing the decision to decertify. Finding useful information from price reporting services and certifiers decreased the probability to decertify. On the other hand, farmers located in the Midwest, those selling vegetables, and those perceiving the organic certification process as a barrier were more likely to decertify.
LUKÁCS E A ESPECIFICIDADE DA QUESTÃO DA ÉTICA: APONTAMENTO SOBRE A CRÍTICA LUKACISIANA AO DIREITO E À MORAL
Authors: Sartori Vitor
Published: April 2018

Passando pela teorização lukacsiana sobre a ética, mostraremos como que o autor, ao criticar o stalinismo, critica o Direito e a moral. Procuraremos mostrar como que a questão da ética aparece no autor da Ontologia do ser social ao se ter três pontos por centrais: um acerto de contas com autores centrais da filosofia clássica alemã (Kant e Hegel); ao se passar por um questionamento à vida cotidiana na sociedade capitalista; por fim, ao se ter com conta uma decidida crítica ao Direito.
TRABALHO ESCRAVO, DIREITOS HUMANOS E EXCLUSÃO SOCIAL
Authors: Salomão Cambi Eduardo Augusto , Leite Faquim Danieli Aparecida Cristina
Published: April 2018

O presente artigo faz uma análise do trabalho escravo contemporâneo a partir dos direitos humanos e da exclusão social promovida pela escravidão. As reflexões da prática da escravidão de trabalhadores no passado correlacionam-se à existência de uma prática contemporânea de trabalho escravo resultante dos desígnios da acumulação de capital. O tema objetiva demonstrar as condições degradantes e humilhantes de trabalho dos escravos, assim como a supressão dos seus direitos fundamentais básicos, como a liberdade e a dignidade, e os direitos humanos feridos por essa realidade deplorável. Considerando a busca da real liberdade do trabalhador e a garantia de seus direitos fundamentais, afirma-se a importância da repressão do trabalho em condições análogas às de escravo e esclarece sobre a necessidade da promoção de ações preventivas e inclusivas das vítimas e das pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade. Utilizou-se o método dedutivo, uma vez que o trabalho é iniciado com argumentos gerais, voltados para considerações sobre a exclusão social promovida pela escravidão contemporânea.
AVANÇO DA TÉCNICA E AFETAÇÃO DA VIDA PRIVADA NO ESPAÇO PÚBLICO
Authors: Catalan Marcos
Published: April 2018

RESENHAO livro é interessante; a temática que explora, deveras atual.Sua leitura é necessária, melhor, imprescindível a todo aquele que investiga ou, simplesmente, se interessa por temas afetos (a) aos direitos de personalidade, em especial, intimidade, privacidade, captura, armazenamento, utilização e proteção de dados sensíveis, (b) às liberdades civis, à igualdade substancial e as ferramentas e mecanismos utilizados para atribuir-lhes densidade dogmática e hermenêutica, (c) à teoria dos direitos fundamentais e, ainda, não se pode deixar de apontar, (d) ao universo dos direitos humanos, aqui pensados, enquanto direitos de resistência.
INTEGRATION OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT INTO THE INVESTMENT STRATEGY OF AN INNOVATIVE CLUSTER (THE CASE OF INNOKAM)
Authors: Майоров C. , Mayorov S.
Published: April 2018

With reference to the activity of the Kama Innovation Cluster "Innokam", the paper considers some issues of the integration of project management mechanisms into the investment strategy of the cluster structures. Such a strategy implemented by Innocam's structures in the context of open innovation encompasses a set of innovative projects, including the creation of engineering centers for the development of flexible production systems, the design of high technologies, new generation robotic complexes, etc. The study describes some features of an innovative cluster functioning in the environment of open innovations, which is characterized by a high level of uncertainty. The article introduces the business model of the strategic partnership of "Innokam" structures, which is focused on the environment of open innovations. Tools for strategic analysis
have been developed, the results of which are used by Innokam structures when creating
an array of input data necessary for the design of a project ma nagement strategy. The research explores the mechanism and principles of the development of the project management strategy in relation to the investment activities of the Innocam structures. Taking into account the specifics of the functioning of these structures, the scenario planning methodology has been modernized and a tool for selecting the best variant of the project management strategy has been proposed. The paper includes proposals on the construction of a multi-level management system, taking into account the specific features of Innokam’s investment activities. With respect
to each level of management, criteria are given for assessing the effectiveness of the system. The research has justified the use of controlling that fulfills the role of feedback in the management system, which allows one to evaluate the effectiveness of the project strategy implemented by Innocam's structures
THE PROBLEM OF TERRITORIAL POPULATION CONCENTRATION AND THE ONE-INDUSTRY TOWNS IN THE NORTHERN REGION (THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
Authors: Мостахова Т. , Mostakhova T.
Published: April 2018

The resettlement of the population appears to be a significant factor in the sustainable development of the territory. The imbalances in spatial development that have been forming during a certain period of time concern mostly the imbalances between the center and the periphery, urban and rural settlements. This disproportion draws scientific attention to the processes of population concentration and the prospects for their development. Over the past decades, the main trend in resettlement has been the flow of the population
to the center and the negative peripheral dynamics. The deep transformational changes in Russia, which coincided with significant demographic changes, resulted in an increasing dichotomy between the focal point and the province. In the Northern and Arctic regions, this tendency is reflected in a reduction in the number of settlements, both urban and rural. The dilution of the settlement network, together with the deepening of the territorial population concentration, lead to even greater depersonalization on the territory. Rural settlement downturn has been accompanied
by certain changes in the character of urban settlements, where a significant proportion belongs to single-industry towns. The instability of the city-forming base poses a threat to the demographic potential of single-industry towns. Northern ingle-industry towns owe their existence to the specifics of regional
development that has always been focused on the extraction of strategically important
MONO-CITIES IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE REGIONAL CLUSTER: CONDITIONS OF MUTUAL SUPPORT BY POSITIVE EFFECTS
Authors: Акинфеева Е. , Akinfeeva E. , Ерзнкян Б. , Yerznkyan B.
Published: April 2018

Economic development of the country depends on the economic development of the regions, and also largely on the development of mono-profile municipal entities on the territory of these regions – single-industry towns, which is largely determined by the ability of mono-cities to diversify their economic activities. One of the ways
to implement this (without hindering the development of the profile industries) is the application of a cluster approach to mono-cities, with their consideration in the role of cluster elements operating in the region. Such an approach will allow coordinating the regional policy with respect to its proportional development with the strategic policy of municipalities. The report reveals the essence of the concept of "mono-cities", reflects the main problems of the development of such entities, and studies the cluster approach as a means of improving single-industry towns and regions in general. In particular, the paper features the conditions under which the cluster members can receive positive effects that would be external to mono-cities, as well as the ways mono-cities themselves can obtain a part of the synergetic effect from the activity of the regional cluster.
METHODS FOR ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC ATTRACTIVENESS OF SINGLE-INDUSTRY TOWNS FOR POPULATION
Authors: Аксянова А. , Aksianova A. , Чехломин С. , Chekhlomin S.
Published: April 2018

Reducing the number of city-forming enterprises in single-industry towns leads to a decrease in the standard of living and migration of the population to other cities. From the economic point of view in many cases, the support of such cities is inappropriate, and there is a need to support the most rapid migration of the population to
more favorable cities. But on the other hand, the dispersal system in Russia is characterized by sparseness, and in many cases isolated monocities are important for the integrity of the territorial structure of the country. The article identifies the main factors that can
influence the increase in the attractiveness of single-industry towns for the population. This approach can be an effective tool for assessing the potential of single-industry urban settlements. Approbation of the proposed campaign in the Republic of Tatarstan
and the Kemerovo region made it possible to conclude that the strategic direction in the development of single-industry cities should be connected with the economic diversity of the city. Acceleration of economic growth, as well as sustainability of business can be
achieved by the development of small and medium-sized businesses
Stormflow and suspended sediment routing through a small detention pond with uncertain discharge rating curves
Authors: Krajewski Adam , Banasik Kazimierz , Sikorska Anna E.
Published: April 2018

Ratings curves are commonly used for computing discharge time series from recorded water stages or for hydrograph and sediment graph routing through detention ponds. Numerous studies have demonstrated that these rating curves are often linked with significant uncertainty. Nevertheless, the uncertainty related to the use of these rating curves in sediment estimates has not been investigated so far. Hence, in this work, we assess the impact of using such uncertain discharge rating curves on the estimation of the pond outflow (discharge, sediment concentration and load) from a small detention pond located in a small urban catchment in Poland. Our results indicate that the uncertainty in rating curves has a huge impact on estimates of discharge and sediment fluxes in the outlet from the reservoir, wherein the uncertainty in the inlet rating curve plays a more important role than the uncertainty in the outlet rating curve. Poorly estimated rating curve(s) may thus lead to serious errors and biased conclusions in the estimates and designs of detention ponds. To reduce this uncertainty, more efforts should be made to construct the rating curves at the pond inlet and to gather more data in extreme conditions.
Tracking the error sources of spatiotemporal differences in TRMM accuracy using error decomposition method
Authors: Wang Jialing , Chen Hua , Xu Chong-Yu , Zeng Qiang , Wang Qingjing , Kim Jong-Suk , Chen Jie , Guo Shenglian
Published: April 2018

Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) products are widely utilized, but the causes of the differences in their spatiotemporal accuracy require further investigation to improve satellite precipitation estimation. In this study, the spatiotemporal accuracy of TRMM 3B42 V7 data was systematically evaluated using the rain gauge data of the densely gauged Xiangjiang River basin, a humid region in South China. The effects of the precipitation intensity and elevation on different error components derived from the error decomposition method were analysed to reveal the causes of spatiotemporal differences of the data errors. The results showed the following. (1) TRMM performs better in the wet season than in the dry season, and it underestimates precipitation in winter and in high-elevation areas. (2) Precipitation intensity directly influences the occurrence and magnitude of error components. Most of the missed precipitation (precipitation detected only by rain-gauged data) and false precipitation (precipitation detected only by TRMM data) occur in low-intensity precipitation events. Hit events (precipitation detected by both TRMM and rain-gauged data) tend to overestimate low-intensity precipitation and underestimate high-intensity precipitation. Elevation has no direct relation with daily bias, but affects the distribution of occurrence and intensity of precipitation events. (3) Missed precipitation is the main contributing source of error in winter. The negative error increases in high-elevation areas, which is contributed by the larger proportion of high intensity hit precipitation and the missed events. This study is not only beneficial for understanding the effect of topography and climate factors on the accuracy of TRMM precipitation data but also provides a reference for the application and error improvement of satellite precipitation products.
Evaluation and Comparison of Total Antioxidant Capacity of Saliva Between Patients with Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis and Healthy Subjects
Authors: Rezaei Fatemeh , Soltani Taher
Published: April 2018

Background & Objectives:

Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis (RAS) is one of the most common chronic ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa and its development may be associated with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to evaluate salivary Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) in patients with minor RAS.

Materials & Methods:

In this case-control study, 27 patients with minor RAS and 28 age- and sex-matched controls without RAS were enrolled. TAC was measured in unstimulated saliva for patients (during active lesion phase and after healing) and controls by immunologic assay. Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 using paired and unpaired t-tests (P<0.05).

Results:

Salivary TAC levels of patients presented a significant increase from active lesion phase (0.26±0.16) to healing time (0.43±0.41); (P=0.034). There was no significant difference in the level of salivary TAC between patients during active lesion phase and controls (0.24±0.13); (P=0.641).

Conclusion:

Increasing level of salivary TAC may be involved in remission of RAS lesions, suggesting its evaluation in future studies.
CLEARING MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT COOPERATIVE LEARNINGTHROUGH PERSONAL EXPERIENCES
Authors: Roy Sunanda
Published: April 2018

Cooperative learning is a successful teaching strategy in which small teams, each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning what is taught but also for helping teammates learn, thus creating an atmosphere of achievement. Students work through the assignment until all group members successfully understand and complete it. The author has been using cooperative learning strategy for the last eight odd years. She has observed that although teachers in general have a positive opinion about cooperative learning they have their reservations regarding the hurdles which one may face while using cooperative learning strategy. Some of these are hurdles are due to misconception. The author through this paper tries to clear eight such misconceptions using her experiences with cooperative learning teaching strategy.