bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nowa Lewica amerykańska w poszukiwaniu autentycznego człowieka
Authors: Tokarczyk Roman
Published: June 2020

Among the most interesting ideas of New Left in the US is a search for authenticity in human personality, or investigation of the place and role of the contemporary man when he is found in the setting: man-group-society-state. Finding such authenticity non-existent on the American scene the ideologists of New Left trace back the causes of this situation, characterized by deformation of personality deprived of the ego, and depict an authentic man who accepts himself both with respect to his ego and as a part of a social group in which he lives. Surreptitious emphasis of the value of the individual and of his unique personality points to the individuality of man as a central category of this line of thought. In the consequence of coexistence of various personalities, variety is the main feature of the new American society postulated by New Left. Individuality and variety imply freedom as a key concept of that thought. Variety of human individualities enjoying freedom will enable the quest for the authentic ego and abolish the manifestations of alienation which do not exist within the real interpersonal community. Community as a structural form of social coexistence is based on close, often intimate, interpersonal relations and allegedly enables unconstrained search for individuality, showing a new way from the present atomization of the American society. The key values of that thought are potentially conflicting: on the one hand there is a set of ideas: individuality, variety, freedom; on the other, there is the concept of community. The two counterparts may easily stand in conflict or mutually limit their application. In such cases it is postulated to detect the causes of conflict and eliminate them.
Podstawy do równości
Authors: Haksar Vinit
Published: June 2020

The paper discusses the version of egalitarianism which asserts that the doctrine of equal respect and consideration applies to all human beings (including idiots) but not between human beings and animals. It attempts to unearth some of the presuppositions of this doctrine rather than to prove the doctrine to be true. The view that human beings, unlike animals, form part of the human family is discussed. The view that animals should be excluded from the egalitarian club because they have less intrinsic worth than human beings is also discussed. The view that some human beings have more intrinsic worth than some other human beings is rejected, partly for pragmatic reasons. And there is a brief discussion of some of the implications of the egalitarian doctrine.
Zwierzęta i ludzie, czyli granice moralności
Authors: Rollin Bernard
Published: June 2020

A much neglected question in the foundations of ethics concerns the moral status of non-human beings. Our intuitions are equivocal, and various theories have been advanced to distinguish between men and animals with regard to inclusion in the scope of moral concern. Various ground for drawing the distinction such as evolutionary supremacy, can be rejected as morally irrelevant. The key distinction historically employed for effecting a demarcation is rationality, which has been linked with the possession of language. The most systematic attempt to link language, rationality, and moral status is that of Kant, who can be seen as attempting to prove that only rational, linguistic, beings – and thus only human beings – fall within the scope of moral concern. This intricate argument can be criticized in a variety of ways. lf correct, it would exclude children, the retarded, the insane, the comatose, etc. from moral concern. More important, is follows from Kant’s argument that rationality is the only morally relevant feature of a rational being, in which case it is difficult to see why features of a human being which are or may be irrelevant to rationality – fur example pleasure or pain – are worthy of moral attention. Clearly morality encompasses more than rationality; in fact, rationa1ity is morally relevant only because it is an interest for a rational being. It is the presence of interest, and needs, wants, desires, etc., which are subject to fulfilment, nurture, and impediment which makes a being an object of moral attention. Language is relevant as a vehicle for conveying needs and interests, but natural signs serve just as well. Thus if men are objects of moral concern, animals are also, since no morally relevant distinction can be drawn between men and animals, and because animals display the same morally relevant features that humans do.
Czy zwierzętom przysługują prawa? Na marginesie książek Toma Regana i Petera Singera
Authors: Narveson Jan
Published: June 2020

The views of Peter Singer, and various authors in the Singer and Regan anthology Animal Rights and Human Obligations, are explored. Their case against „speciesism”, that only members of the human species are eligible for moral considerations, is accepted, but the further inference that a1nimałs have strong rights, especially not to be killed for food, is questioned. Utilitarianism would, for example, seem to have room for the eating of animals, though rather precariously. However, the general view of morality which is argued to make best sense of our inclination to think that eating animals is permissible is a contractarian/egoist one. This makes it obvious that we have no obligations to animals, since we need incur none (and can’t anyway, owing to lack of communication); at the same time it
Granice wyzwolenia zwierząt
Authors: Hołówka Jacek
Published: June 2020

Two principles are proposed, which according to the author can help solve conflicts of interests between men and animals: Z1: “Whoever increases probability of causing pain to others (inclusive of animals) should by the same fraction increase the probability of his suffering comparable pain”, and Z2: “If the product of the probability of causing same pain and the amount of that pain is constant for two acts it is morally irrelevant, which of the two acts is performed”.
Etyka a prakseologia
Authors: Baksztanowski Władimir
Published: June 2020

The article tries to prove the necessity and demonstrates the possibility of application of the methods of praxiology to ethical questions. The result is an ethical praxiology conceived as a theory of making best moral choices by moral agents. It is meant to be a practical science invented for the regulation of the process of decision-making and decision implementation.
Związki między sprawiedliwością a równością
Authors: Ziembiński Zygmunt
Published: June 2020

This study points to two kinds of relationship between justice and equality: (1) the relationships between the concept of justice and equality, and (2) the relationships between different formulae of justice adopted in social life and the formula of justice based on simple egalitarianism or on the modified formula of egalitarianism (“according to needs”). Aristotelian distributive justice postulates identical treatment of similar people, and the controversy arises when it is being decided by virtue of what characteristics similar people are to be treated identically (this is the problem of the right criterion, easily, but not necessarily in a correct way solved by simple egalitarianism) or how differently people should be treated if they possess the relevant characteristic in different degrees (the problem of gradation). The viable moral doctrines of today accept egalitarian formulae only partially, and for various reasons. The opinions of the society that there is a required dependence of the compound formulae of justice on egalitarian formulae are rather fluid and susceptible to persuasion.
Społeczne determinanty orientacji moralnych
Authors: Kiciński Krzysztof
Published: June 2020

Poland is a country of high social mobility, of a high percentage of transient population that moves from the country to the cities. These changes create numerous problems of social adaptation. Some of them arise when two different groups of different moral attitudes come in contact and realize that they differ. Although some authors believe that the Poles have highly uniform moral views and opinions, the present writer has made the claim that it is not so that village population have different moral attitudes from those displayed by city inhabitants. The article supports this claim by citing findings based on a questionnaire that was filled by 500 village and 500 city inhabitants. The two populations were found to be different on at least four counts.
Sprawiedliwość czasów reglamentacji
Authors: Fuszara Małgorzata , Jakubowska Iwona , Kurczewski Jacek
Published: June 2020

The article presents findings derived from questionnaires administrated to 150 randomly selected inhabitants of Warsaw in November and early December of 1981. They were asked about their preferences concerning different rules of distributing basic supplies in time of crisis. The authors begin by saying that controlled distribution corresponds to a principle that is considered fundamental in the socialist country, namely the principle of redistribution. It determines all sorts of social exchange that may be governed elsewhere by the principle of reciprocity or by market. Deteriorating Polish economy made it necessary after the Agreements of 198O and 1981 to introduce rationing of meat and fat initially and various other commodities later. This rationing is called “universal” by the authors to distinguish it from “situational” rationing that had existed earlier whenever particular sorts of commodities were in short supply and only first in line were served or whenever particular groups of people were given special entitlements to buy things that were not generally available. The authors point out that a complete collapse of the economic system, whether now in Poland or in any other case, leads to a wide acceptance of different forms of rationing. It is not expected that rationing may help to better the general level of individual needs; it is hoped only that it may ensure more equitable distribution of those goods that are supplied in minimum quantities. Just distribution stands in this case for limited egalitarianism which primarily provides for equal distribution but makes allowances for different levels of needs and endorses exclusion of certain categories of people (mainly idle individuals who neither work nor study) from the distribution system (altogether). In case of grave impoverishment the rules of charity ad mutual help are called upon, or the respondents express their trust in the existence of widespread benevolent attitudes in society.
Obowiązek i wezwanie moralne w filozofii Henri Bergsona
Authors: Środa Magdalena
Published: June 2020

The article attempts to present and pass comment on a number of themes found in the last book by Henri Bergson, Les deux sources de la morale et de la religion (1932). The author has selected ethical themes only, but presents them in the general context of Bergson’s philosophy. In her interpretation Bergson places morality in two irreducible moral worlds, one founded on the concept of moral duty, which creates static morality incorporated in social life, and another, founded on the concept of moral challenge or inspiration which adds a dynamic dimension to moral reactions wherever they are motivated by an elemental, creative, supra-rational feeling known to exceptional individuals only.
Trzy metody i dualizm
Authors: Skorupski John
Published: June 2020

W artykule autor twierdzi, że w przeciwieństwie do tego, co głosił sam Sidgwick, wskazał on nie dwie, lecz trzy podstawowe metody etyczne: intuicjonizm, egoizm i bezstronność, które wymagają równego traktowania przypadków podobnych. Autor, wbrew Sidgwickowi, twierdzi, że istnieje wiele możliwych materialnych systemów moralnych, a egoizm jest tylko jednym z nich. Zasada bezstronności jest wspólna wszystkim tym systemom i stanowi podstawę raczej jedności niż dualizmu rozumu praktycznego.
LINEAMIENTOS PARA UNA EXÉGESIS ORTODOXA EN EL PANARION DE EPIFANIO DE SALAMIS
Authors: Blanch Carlos Andrés
Published: June 2020

Los estudiosos del Cristianismo reconocen dos grandes escuelas de pensamiento –la alejandrina y la antioquena– que delinearon las ideas que servirían de estructura a la teología cristiana. Un punto en discordia entre ellas era la exégesis alegórica de las Escrituras. Epifanio, quien adscribe a la corriente de pensamiento antioquena, condena el método alegórico incluyendo a Orígenes entre las sectas tratadas en su Panarion, a la vez que presenta al lector una propuesta exegética más acorde con la ortodoxia. En nuestro trabajo analizaremos cuáles son los criterios que el autor propone como necesarios para captar el verdadero sentido del texto bíblico.
Notes from the Editors, June 2020
Authors: The Editors -
Published: June 2020

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The current massive oil glut is the product of the effects of the tight oil or shale oil revolution, which for a time turned the United States into the biggest oil and gas producer in the world. Now, suddenly as a result of an overproduction of world oil, made far worse by the sudden falloff in demand due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we are witnessing the possible euthanasia of the U.S. tight oil industry, bleeding cash even before the oil price collapse and encumbered with mountains of debt.
The Brazilian Crisis and the New Authoritarianism
Authors: Pahnke Anthony Robert , Milan Marcelo
Published: June 2020

Three decades after liberal democracy replaced the military dictatorship of 1964–85, the far right in Brazil has made a comeback, most starkly with the electoral victory of Jair Bolsonaro in 2018. Bolsonaro, however, is not an isolated individual; rather, his government is characterized by an authoritarian style of neoliberalism built on a series of alliances, a prominent one of which is with the judiciary. This coalition boasts connections with the military and police forces, the evangelical religious right, and agribusiness.
Kuseni Conjunction in Japanese Language
Authors: Rini Elizabeth Ika Hesti Aprilia Nindia
Published: June 2020

Kuseni is a a conjunction used to connect contradicting clauses which is called gyakusetsu no setsuzokushi in Japanese. This study aims to determine how the structure and meaning of kuseni conjunction is in Japanese sentences. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive research. Kuseni is an adversative conjunction that connects contradictory clauses that contain criticism or reproach. Kuseni can be in the middle and at the end of a sentence, and can be attached to the class of verbs, nouns and adjectives in a sentence.
Kajian Daya Tampung dan Mutu Kelas Air Daerah Aliran Sungai Banjir Kanal Timur, Kota Semarang
Authors: Putranto Thomas Triadi , Susanto Novie
Published: June 2020

The increasing population every year and the rapid economic development in Semarang City caused environmental problems related to the water resources used. One of the impacts of environmental problems is the lowering water quality of the Banjir Kanal Timur (BKT) Watershed. The study aims to identify the potential and conditions of the BKT watershed, and river segmentation as a basis for determining representative monitoring points that are used to determine the capacity that is adjusted to the description of river water segmentation class. The methods were descriptive and quantitative analysis approach based on the observation and measurement in the field campaign as well as the laboratory analysis. In addition, this research was also compiling the QUAL2E modeling to determine estimation of contamination load and capacity of contamination of Banjir Kanal Timur. The results conducted that the BKT has poor water quality based on the parameters of DO, BOD, and fecal coliform, while for the NO3 and NO2 parameters indicate good water quality. Segment that has load capacity of BOD contamination is segment 1. Segments that have load capacity of Nitrite (NO2) and Nitrate (NO3) contents are segment 1 to segment 4. The segment which has load capacity of contamination of fecal coliform is segment 2. Thus, Segment 1 can be classified into second class while segment 2 goes into third class. Furthermore, segment 3 and 4 are into fourth class respectively.
Simulation and analysis of queues in banks: a case study of an agency in the southern State of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Entringer Tulio Cremonini
Published: June 2020

An in-depth study of wait times in queues has become a factor of the banks' full interest for service improvements and reduced operating costs. When the demand is greater than the capacity offered the queue is formed, that is, queuing system is any process where a distinct group waits for a service. When there is adequate management, customer waiting time can be minimized, resulting in customer satisfaction and hence higher profitability. In view of this, the present work proposes a study of the flow of clients in an agency banking in the southern state of Rio de Janeiro. This work uses the qualitative and quantitative approach. The research is classified as descriptive, explanatory, bibliographical and case study. This work also presents the main concepts about simulation, modeling, specifically, in the Arena software, and describes the method of how the data were obtained for the construction of the model. The model simulates the capacity rate, number of customers in the queue, time of service and waiting time at which the customer can be subject at the agency banking. With such a study, we can analyze the behavior of queues in the system and thus propose improvements in order to guarantee the best scenario for both organization and customer satisfaction.
Analysis of business systems and automation; the application of the original web platform for start-up entrepreneurial endeavors
Authors: Ranković Marko , Dedić Velimir , Pavlović Nikola , Ilić Milena p
Published: June 2020

Ensuring a good position on the market is risked in start-up entrepreneurial endeavors, in which there is an evident funding problem and which have a small amount of the initial capital at their disposal. For that reason, with the help of knowledge and information technologies, entrepreneurial endeavors oriented towards the provision of consulting services for other companies and institutions, or for the personal needs of business decision-making, can ensure a good competitive position by conducting the automation of their services with the help of the original web platform presented in the paper. Thanks to the said automation and web platform, start-up entrepreneurial firms are provided with a strong tool within the framework of their field of work, at a low price, which enables them to be cost-competitive. As the young are increasingly involved in the field of information technologies irrespective of the job they do and as learning programming is increasingly more available within the framework of formal education, non-formal education, i.e. courses, as well as free of charge, via the content on the Internet through diverse tutorials and programs, start-up companies are enabled to utilize their employees’ skills in multiple ways with minimal investments in order to establish the platform, whereas when the professional segment within the field of management and economics, i.e. the managerial segment, are concerned, they may utilize the available knowledge funds and consultants.
Continuous rhPTH (1–34) treatment in chronic hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Fuss Carmina Teresa , Burger-Stritt Stephanie , Horn Silke , Koschker Ann-Cathrin , Frey Kathrin , Meyer Almuth , Hahner Stefanie
Published: June 2020

Standard treatment of hypoparathyroidism consists of supplementation of calcium and vitamin D analogues, which does not fully restore calcium homeostasis. In some patients, hypoparathyroidism is refractory to standard treatment with persistent low serum calcium levels and associated clinical complications. Here, we report on three patients (58-year-old male, 52-year-old female, and 48-year-old female) suffering from severe treatment-refractory postsurgical hypoparathyroidism. Two patients had persistent hypocalcemia despite oral treatment with up to 4 µg calcitriol and up to 4 g calcium per day necessitating additional i.v. administration of calcium gluconate 2–3 times per week, whereas the third patient presented with high frequencies of hypocalcemic and treatment-associated hypercalcemic episodes. S.c. administration of rhPTH (1–34) twice daily (40 µg/day) or rhPTH (1–84) (100 µg/day) only temporarily increased serum calcium levels but did not lead to long-term stabilization. In all three cases, treatment with rhPTH (1–34) as continuous s.c. infusion via insulin pump was initiated. Normalization of serum calcium and serum phosphate levels was observed within 1 week at daily 1–34 parathyroid hormone doses of 15 µg to 29.4 µg. Oral vitamin D and calcium treatment could be stopped or reduced and regular i.v. calcium administration was no more necessary. Ongoing efficacy of this treatment has been documented for up to 7 years so far. Therefore, we conclude that hypoparathyroidism that is refractory to both conventional treatment and s.c. parathyroid hormone (single or twice daily) may be successfully treated with continuous parathyroid hormone administration via insulin pump.

Learning points:

Standard treatment of hypoparathyroidism still consists of administration of calcium and active vitamin D.

Very few patients with hypoparathyroidism also do not respond sufficiently to standard treatment or administration of s.c. parathyroid hormone once or twice daily.

In those cases, continuous s.c. administration of parathyroid hormone via insulin pump may represent a successful treatment alternative.
50 years of Lithuanian Mathematical Society conferences
Authors: Kubilius Jonas
Published: June 2020

A survey of the activities of the Lithuanian Mathematical Society is given.
Additional mathematical education for pupils
Authors: Stankus Eugenijus
Published: June 2020

In this paper we make overview of the additionalmathematical education for pupils in Lithuania. Mathematical contests and olympiads, clubs and schools,lectures of professionalmathematiciansand other activities are discussed including the history and contemporary condition of all these activities. We give special credit to the enthusiasm and work of the educators from schools and university and scientists in the field of additional education.
Left permutable multiplicative sets and left strongly prime ideals in rings
Authors: Kaučikas Algirdas
Published: June 2020

Left permutable multiplicative sets S for an associative ring R are defined. Particularly, this notion includes commutative multiplicative sets of the associative ring. We also define the notion of the left S-ideal and prove, that each left S-ideal, maximal with respect to being disjoint from S, is left strongly prime.
A property of the uniform distribution modulo 1
Authors: Kazakevičius Vytautas
Published: June 2020

An interesting relationship between Farey fractions and the uniform distribution modulo 1 is discovered.
Note on arithmetical functions and multiples
Authors: Stakėnas Vilius
Published: June 2020

The existence of the logarithmic and number-theoreticdensitiesof some sets related to arithmetical functions is investigated. The Dirichlet convolution is used for the representation of these functions.
On the Green’s formula for a Stokes type problem
Authors: Skujus Mindaugas
Published: June 2020

A time-periodic Stokes problem is studied in the domain with cylindrical outlets to infinity. Using the Fourier series the problem is reduced to a sequence of elliptic problem. For each of these elliptic boundary value problems a generalized Green’s formula is constructed. The analogous Green’s formula for the steady Stokes problem was obtained in [1].
On the geometry spaces of hyperlane elemente with special metric
Authors: Mazėtis Edmundas
Published: June 2020

In this paper analysies metric space of hyperlane elemente with special metric. Is prowed, that the space Kartan–Landsbeg space is. Criteria of integrability of the intrinsic almost complex and almost product structures is found.
How to rise the minimum standard of mathematics exam?
Authors: Dargytė Janina , Sičiūnienė Viktorija
Published: June 2020

The article is based on the achievements of 1,928 pupils of the 10th form, who participated in the national research in 2006. They were attributed to one of the four groups (low, satisfactory, basic and higher) depending on their level of achievements. The article reveals skills and abilities in each group in seven activity areas presented in the Curriculum.The majority of these pupils are expected to take state mathematics exam, therefore, so the results of the analysis provided can be useful for teachers, as well as for authors of textbooks, syllabus and exam papers.
Modelling and visualization of the White Stork’s migration
Authors: Gliožerytė Dominyka , Ivanauskas Feliksas
Published: June 2020

The aim of this article is to present a computational modelling of the White Stork’s migration. The transfer equation is proposed and applied to describe the migration of White Stork.
Modelling of the nodes immunity change process in network system
Authors: Jokšas Benas , Augutis Juozas , Žutautaitė-Šeputienė Inga
Published: June 2020

In this paper we analyze the additive hazard distribution modelling in the network system with non-constant nodes’ immunities. Nodes’ immunities depend on number of cycle and unknown parameter that is defined as random variable. Bayesian approach is applied for the updating of the estimate of this random variable. In this study we are interested in how many cycles can system work under influence of the hazard in the network or how many cycles are required to reduce amount of the nodes’ hazard to the safe level. Obtained results can be used in the prediction of system’ lifetime and accident analysis. Numerical experiment was performed to illustrate application of developed algorithm.
Mathematical model for knowledge testing
Authors: Krylovas Aleksandras , Kosareva Natalja
Published: June 2020

There is a mathematical model for obtaining test responses probability distribution proposed. This enables to formulate recomendations for selection of test items for different groups of tested population accordingto their attainment level.
Proof-search in hybrid logic
Authors: Aleknavičiūtė Daiva , Norgėla Stanislovas
Published: June 2020

This paper describes a new tactic for proof-search in Hybrid logic H(@), which always terminates.
Proof-search of propositional intuitionistic logic sequents by means of classical logic calculus
Authors: Alonderis Romas
Published: June 2020

In the paper, we define some classes of sequents of the propositional intuitionistic logic. These are classes of primarily and α-primarily reducible sequents. Then we show how derivability of these sequents in a propositional intuitionistic logic sequent calculus LJ0 can be checked by means of a propositional classical logic sequent calculus LK0.
On selecting the better of two binomial populations
Authors: Mikalauskas Kęstutis , Eidukevičius Rimantas
Published: June 2020

A new procedure for selecting the better of two binomial populations by using sequential analysis proposed. It is based on well known Play-the-Winner(PW) and Vector-at-a Time (VT) procedures and constructed to avoid some disadvantages of PW and VT rules.
Analysis of the strategic aims and objectives for Information and Communication Technology Implementation in the Lithuanian Education
Authors: Dagienė Valentina
Published: June 2020

The paper deals with the survey made on the Strategy for Information and Communication Technology Implementation in Education for 2005–2007. Attention is paid to study the implementation of aims and objectives of the Strategy. Conclusions and some suggestions are presented at the end of the paper.
Peculiarities of localization of mathematical software into Lithuania
Authors: Dagienė Valentina
Published: June 2020

In the paper experience of software localization into Lithuanian is presented. Main attention is paid to the mathematical computer aids and programs. The paper covers such problems as process of translation andadoption to language and culture requirements,mathematical notation,testing, and quality assurance.Ways of problem solutionsare presentedand discussed.All localizationcycle of mathematics computer programsincluding analysis of the software to be localized, and support of the localized software is presented.
Selection of number of neurons for vector quantization methods
Authors: Kurasova Olga , Molytė Alma
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a strategy of the selection of the neurons number for vector quantization methods has been investigated. Two methods based on neural networks have been analysed: self-organizing map and neuralgas. There is suggested a way under which the number of neurons is selected taken into account the particularity of the analysed data set.
Peculiarities of the user interface of a legal document drafting system
Authors: Paliulionienė Laima
Published: June 2020

The objective of legal document drafting system is both facilitating the work of legislative drafters and improving the quality of laws. However, currently almost all legislative bodies use general purpose wordprocessing software for the drafting of legal documents, and internet browsers for seaching documents. This is because legal drafting systems have too little facilities so far and are rather difficult for use. The paper discusses specific features of the user interface of a legal document drafting system. It is focused on the functionality of the user interface. User groups are identified as legislative drafters, legislators, experts, system administrators, and knowledge engineers. Usability requirements for these groups are described in the paper.
Quasi-lattice distributions analysis
Authors: Bikelis Algimantas
Published: June 2020

n this work we define quasi lattice distributions functions.
H. Bergstrom’s asymptotic expansions
Authors: Bikelis Algimantas , Galinskis Audrius
Published: June 2020

In this work it is researched H. Bergstrom work about asymptotic behavior of convolutions of probability distributions. We give the theorem about the members of expansion in decreasing order and the remainder term estimation. There we propose apply Levy–Scheffer polynomials and to construct pseudomoments for more profound H. Bergstrom’s asymptotic expansion investigations.
Error estimate in the central limit theorem
Authors: Kasparavičiūtė Aurelija , Padvelskis Kazimieras
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we determined, independent identically distributed random variable’s {Xk, k = 1,2,...} centered and normalized sum’s Sn = \sumn k=1 Xk distribution’s Fn(x) = P(Zn < x) exact error estimate in case of the normal approximation with one Cebyšova’s asymptotic expansion’s term.
Analysis of samples from finite population
Authors: Turkuvienė Jurgita , Bikelis Algimantas
Published: June 2020

This paper deals with asymptotic properties of probabilitydistributionsof sample statistics when samples are selected from finite populations.These properties also were analysed by P. Erdos, A. Rényi [3] and J. Hájek [4]. Relationships between probability distributions of sample sums were investigated in [6] article.
School operational experience integrating children’s training with special educational needs
Authors: Ostanina Nadiežda Vladimirovna
Published: June 2020

In this article operational experience of school psychological service in organizing pedagogical support to the pupils with special educational needs is described. The system of pedagogical support is directed on realization of an idea of integrated and differentiated training for children with a delay in mental development at a comprehensive school. Difficulties of training for children with infringement development of separate cognitive functions (an example of studying mathematics) and forms of individual help to them at a lesson within the limits of modified (adapted) program are described.
Students’ preconceived notion about statistics
Authors: Rimkuvienė Daiva , Kaminskienė Janina , Raškinienė Danutė
Published: June 2020

The research aim of this paper is to describe the attitude of LUA students towards statistics and to present recommendations for improvement of the teaching and learning processes of this subject. Basic method for assessing student’s attitudes is Survey of Attitudes Toward Statistics (SATS). As the respondents had not yet taken a university course of statistics, but had listen the higher mathematics course, the research form was slightly modified. In the form 28 statements were used, for which respondents marked their agreement or disagreement on 5-point scale, ranging from disagree to agree. The participants were 172 students from Agronomy and Economics and Management faculties. The student’s attitudes were evaluated in 4 categories: affect, cognitive competence, value and difficulty. The results show the most complex and difficult parts of statistics learning. The survey of the results can be used for selecting appropriate teaching method.
Mathematics subject by the point of view of students
Authors: Saldauskienė Jovita
Published: June 2020

Actual mathematics subject problems at Vilnius College in Higher Education from not only the point of view of a teacher but also from the point of view of a student are analyzed there. The analysis shows the further ways for mathematics subject quality improvement.
Honorary canon Jonas Katelė (1831–1908)
Authors: Jasiūnas Henrikas , Verikaitė Vitolda
Published: June 2020

Dedicated to anniversary of the death of priest Jonas Katelė.
Engagement and Leadership in Firearm-Related Violence Prevention: The Role of the Pediatric Hospitalist
Authors: Silver Alyssa H. , Andrews Annie L. , Azzarone Gabriella , Bhansali Priti , Hjelmseth Elizabeth , Hogan Alexander H. , O’Connor Katherine M. , Romo Noé , Parikh Kavita
Published: June 2020

Gun violence is a US public health crisis. Approximately 7000 children are hospitalized each year because of firearm-related injuries. As pediatric hospitalists, we are poised to address this crisis, whether we care directly for patients who are victims of gun violence. In this article, we aim to provide practical tools and opportunities for pediatric hospitalists to address the epidemic of gun safety and gun violence prevention, including specifics related to the inpatient setting. We provide a framework to act within 4 domains: clinical care, advocacy, education and research.
Haptic Visuality and Film Narration. Mapping New Women’s Cinema in Spain
Authors: Guillamón-Carrasco Silvia
Published: June 2020

There is a trend in female film production in the 21st century in the context of Spain towards a type of cinema that we could classify as haptic. It is a mode of representation concerned with multisensory expression in film images. In this article, we shall study this haptic visuality in the works of four filmmakers: Isabel Coixet, Paula Ortiz, Mar Coll and Carla Simón, whose films in this century exemplify the trend. The method chosen is textual analysis, which will provide us with the necessary tools to study matters concerning representation (framing), narration (nuclei and catalysis) and communication (spectatorial subject). These three analytical categories together will enable us to set out the representational parameters of haptic cinema in filmic texts. The results obtained reveal that the elements related to framing (handheld camera usage, grainy images, and the recurrent presence of close-ups) help to express the characters’ subjective, sensory world. As for the narrative model, a prevalence of catalysis and descriptive function can be seen, which helps the characters’ affections and emotions to be widely expressed. Likewise, inferences and ellipsis help weave filmic discourses that involve the audience cognitively, constructing a communicative model that fosters interpretational openness and a kind of interpellation that seeks affective and intellectual communion with the spectatorial subject.
The origins of media trust in a young democracy
Authors: Markov Čedomir , Min Young
Published: June 2020

Declining trust in news media has often been recognized as one of the major challenges facing modern journalism with potentially detrimental consequences for democratic processes. In this article, we examine the predictive potential of cultural-political and performance factors on public trust in news media in the context of a young democracy. Specifically, we have analyzed to what extent citizens’ populist attitudes and perceptions of journalistic roles relate to the levels of media trust using data from an online survey of Serbian respondents (N = 200). The findings showed that support for populism did not significantly predict trust in news media in general after controlling for relevant factors, most importantly political trust. However, populist attitudes were found to be related to the amount of trust citizens have in distinct types of news media –i.e., those who support populism exhibited less trust in public broadcasters than in online news outlets. The analyses also revealed that the more Serbian citizens perceived news media as being successful at performing interpretive and mobilizing roles, the more trust they placed in the media.
Homo Consumens versus Homo Patiens (The Dilemmas of Postmodern Reality)
Authors: Bajda Zbigniew
Published: June 2020

The contemporary „homo consumens” does not want to accept that his ontic status is still best defined by the words „homo patiens”. Today’s attempts to eliminate suffering through constantly stimulated consumption may be considered as an act of the „degradation” of humans and humanity who by rejecting the truth about their nature as suffering creatures, paradoxically also lose the meaning of their life. If one denies suffering, then – at the same time – one closes oneself before life. For the escape from suffering is anything but the escape from life, at least the one that is experienced in a conscious and sensible way.
Le attività degli insegnanti Salesiani in Polonia nel periodo della II guerra mondiale
Authors: Wierzbicki Mirosław Stanisław
Published: June 2020

The article presents the various activities of ‘the Salesians’ as teachers and educators during the Second World War, indicating also the social and political structures of the country. After the outbreak of the war, the educational efforts of the Salesians were stopped, but not eliminated from everyday life. However, on the basis of archival documents, the destiny of some religious was rediscovered, guided by the courageous and heroic acts of ‘teaching in secret’, creation of boarding schools, orphanages and pastoral care and demonstrating with their lives, a phenomenal dedication to youths’ education, risking of imprisonment, permanent enclosure in a concentration camp, and in many cases, death by martyrdom.
Unresolved Childhood Abuse and Neglect in Adulthood: the Emotional Aspect in Relational Family Therapy
Authors: Božac Lidija
Published: June 2020

Childhood family abuse or neglect is a traumatic relational experience with potentially long lasting impact on one’s psycho-organic and interpersonal world. The purpose of our qualitative research was to deepen the understanding of negative trauma impact on adults’ emotional world and to find the ways of recovery through Relational Family Therapy. Seven adults with the history of childhood abuse or neglect participated in the research. The results pointed out potential difficulties in identifying, naming and understanding emotions, differentiating past emotions from the present ones, distinguishing one’s own emotions from the projected ones, issues with experiencing the diversity of emotions, and difficulties with emotion regulation and management. Positive changes in these areas were observed in Relational Family Therapy. The findings of this research are a contribution to the understanding of specific emotional problems of adults with the history of childhood abuse or neglect as well as to therapeutic interventions that could lead to recovery.
Personality Disorders as a Cause of the Invalidation of Catholic Marriage in Poland
Authors: Kraiński Wiesław
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The institution of marital consent, which is the efficient cause of marriage and its annulment on the grounds of specified personality disorders.Aim of the study: The research objectives of this study are as follows: determining the proportion of cases on the sole ground of mental incapacity to other grounds of marriage annulment, the number of marriage annulment declarations among clients suffering from personality disorders with a differential diagnosis, age and gender determination of the person requesting marriage annulment – determining the average value and the standard deviation, the duration of marriage until its annulment – determining the average value and the standard deviation, the number of cases in which marriage annulment application is submitted by men and women as well as determining the proportion of cases concluding with the declaration of marriage annulment to those concluding with a negative judgement.In the research part of the study the following analysis has been carried out, personality disorders leading to the marriage annulment, distinguishing between gender, the etiology of particular disorders as well as dysfunctional areas demonstrated by court experts concerning both marital and family life.Material and methods: The analysis of psychological opinions extracted from the marriage annulment cases which were considered and judged by the Bishop’s Court in the Diocese of Toruń. The research period stretches over five years between 2012 and 2016,during which court experts in clinical psychology issued their opinions in 156 cases concerning 82 persons.Conclusions: On the basis of the analysis, the following conclusions can be drawn: the age of applicants requesting marriage annulment: Men – M=37,04; SD=7,90; Women – M=34,98; SD=8,07. Duration of marriage until annulment: – M=13,23; SD=8,24. Marriage annulment requests were submitted by 62 men and 94 women. Marriage was declared null and void in 122 cases whereas the negative judgment concerned 36 cases. The conclusions drawn indicate that the predominant disorders resulting in marriage annulment included antisocial personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder as well as dependent personality disorder (DPD). The conclusions drawn clearly show that the predominant disorder resulting in the invalidation of marriage is antisocial personality disorder, closely followed by narcissistic personality disorder and finally by dependent personality disorder. Out of 189 cases processed by the court within the period of five years, 156 of them concern mental incapacities whereas the remaining ones concern other cases of marriage annulment.
The Service of Thought. The First Decade of the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow
Authors: Szczurek Jan Daniel
Published: June 2020

The paper shows how “the service of thought” (using an expression of John Paul II) has been performed at the Pontifical University of John Paul II in Krakow during last ten years. This paper presents the main cyclical scientific events, such as conferences and symposia, as well as signs of growth of the unique pontifical university in Central and Eastern Europe. For example the “Krakow methodological conferences” are of particular interest, because the discovery of an appropriate method ensures success in the search for truth.
The Ancient Roman Family in the Context of Antiquity
Authors: Sojka Stanisłąw
Published: June 2020

This article discusses the every-day family life in ancient Rome and its functioning throughout the period of royal, republican, and imperial Rome. The article draws attention to the roles played by Roman family members of antiquity. Positive values cultivated by the ancient family, which are outlined in this essay, might provide a way to understand Roman antiquity through the contemporary lens and provide a postulate of the reflexive human nature in this respect.
L’oecuménisme spirituel dans le témoignage de la vie et de l’enseignement de saint Jean-Paul II
Authors: Wrzała Elżbieta
Published: June 2020

During his many journeys and speeches in his teaching, John Paul II proved that spiritual ecumenism is a sine qua non for all ecumenical activity. He is the „soul” of all ecumenism. Spiritual ecumenism, thanks to conversion of the heart, holiness of life, individual and community prayer for unity, becomes a clear criterion for the existence of a ­genuinely Christian ecumenical attitude.
Branding Strategies for Small Cities in the Internet Space
Authors: Popova Olga , Korolkova Svetlana , Stepanova Ekaterina
Published: June 2020

The paper examines the use of communicative strategies and tools for promoting local territories on the Internet on the material of tourist sites, social networks and blogs. Internet strategy depends on the promoted territory, pragmatic goals and determines the selection of tools and language means. The authors applied an integrative communicative approach. It was established that a European small town brand is developed by employing macro strategy including historical, cultural, environmental, and gastronomic references represented in several foreign languages. The small Russian town branding is implemented through micro-strategies with a heterogeneous brand structure, sometimes, related to some important events, not supported by significant historical facts in Russian. Lingua-pragmatic analysis of data has shown that specialized travel sites of European and Russian small towns use mostly informative tactics for promoting their territories while communicative tactics of social networks and blogs are of a greater emotion and evaluative value. The experience of European small towns, and communicative strategies of brand promotion in particular, might be relevant for Russian locality identification and differentiation, small town brand development, formation of cultural apprehension and loyalty among the citizens as well as domestic and foreign tourists.
“Militancy” Concept-Sphere’s Semiolinguistic Actualization in Advertising Discourse
Authors: Kurenova Daria , Olyanich Andrey
Published: June 2020

The paper focuses on the clusters of signs that support semiosis of belligerency and contribute to actualization of the concept-sphere "Militancy" in creolized advertising texts. The objectives of this study were to summarize the global research experience on the semiolinguistic and lingua-cultural phenomenon of advertising in connection with relevant discursive practices in the form of a creolized (poly-coded) text, to describe the Militancy's use as the psychological phenomenon in the semiosis of advertising through the cognitive conglomerate "Militarity", which is represented as the concept-sphere in the totality of such concepts as "War", "Weapon", "Ammunition", "Hostilities" "Aggression", " Demolition", "Homicide " ("Termination of Life").The substantial, figurative and valuable characteristics of the entire concept-sphere were considered in their connection with the constituent concepts. The authors pointed that militarity is a typical characteristic of modern ludic culture and it is actively exploited by advertising creative actors in formation of a semiotically saturated multi-code advertising text by means of an extensive cluster of militaronyms that denotes warfare and incorporates relevant aggressive images into the advertising discourse, thereby reinforcing and broadcasting ideas of achieving victory "in the fronts" of the advertising wars, in the "battles" of brands, or manufacturing companies. It is proved that militancy is reflected in the nominations and names of computer games and is supported in the semiosis of cyber space through using militaronyms (demolitonyms; instrumentatives; impetocaptives; locatives). Militancy in the semiolinguistic and discursive space of cinema advertising is discovered through semiosis of armabellitonyms and demolitonyms.