bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Polyrhacitides A (I) and B (II) by Use of an Iterative Strategy for the Stereoselective Synthesis of 1,3‐Polyol Arrays.
Authors: Menz Helge , Kirsch Stefan F.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Factors Governing the Catalytic Reactivity of Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Uzio Denis , Berhault Gilles
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Negative Plate Macropore Surfaces in Lead‐Acid Batteries: Porosity, Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller Area, and Capacity
Authors: D'Alkaine C. V. , Brito G. A. de O.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Hydride Route to the Preparation of Dinitrogen Complexes
Authors: Ballmann Joachim , Munha Rui F. , Fryzuk Michael D.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemistry of Copper(I) Coordination Compounds
Authors: Melnik Milan , Garaj Jan
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Super Silyl Group in Diastereoselective Aldol and Cascade Reactions
Authors: Boxer Matthew B. , Albert Brian J. , Yamamoto Hisashi
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Triple Decker Cadmium Phthalocyanine Sandwich Complexes: Self‐Assembled EPR Active Complexes
Authors: Cambrier Isabelle , Swarts Jannie C. , Hughes David L. , Cook Michael J.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Steric Effect on the Formation, Structure, and Reactions of Pentacoordinate Siliconium Ion Salts
Authors: Kalikhman Inna , Gostevskii Boris , Sivaramakrishna Akella , Kost Daniel , Kocher Nikolaus , Stalke Dietmar
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioorganometallic Chemistry: Past, Present and Future
Authors: Sekhon B. S.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes and Their Application as Homogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Peris Eduardo , Crabtree Robert H.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven‐Membered Rings
Authors: Smith Jason A. , Molesworth Peter P. , Ryan John H.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Six‐Membered Ring Systems: Diazines and Benzo Derivatives
Authors: Manlove Amelia , Groziak Michael P.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems: With O and S (Se, Te) Atoms
Authors: Aitken R. Alan
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Bright Functional Rotaxanes
Authors: Ma Xiang , Tian He
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of β‐Amino Alcohols via Aziridiniums: A Review
Authors: Metro Thomas‐Xavier , Duthion Beranger , Gomez Pardo Domingo , Cossy Janine
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Membered Ring Systems
Authors: Bergmeier Stephen C. , Lapinsky David J.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Complex and Pharmacologically Interesting Heterocycles
Authors: Nielsen Thomas E. , Meldal Morten
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems: Pyrroles and Benzo Analogues
Authors: Russel Jonathon S. , Pelkey Erin T. , Yoon‐Miller Sarah J. P.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tree‐Shaped C60/C60‐Ferrocene Crystals by Kinetically Controlled LLIP Process
Authors: Cha S. I. , Lee D. Y. , Miyazawa K. , Wakahara T.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development and Therapeutic Application of Transposon‐Based Vectors
Authors: Nakanishi Hideyuki , Higuchi Yuriko , Kawakami Shigeru , Yamashita Fumiyoshi , Hashida Mitsuru
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Skin Permeation and Transdermal Delivery Systems of Drugs: History to Overcome Barrier Function in the Stratum Corneum.
Authors: Sugino Masahiro , Todo Hiroaki , Sugibayashi Kenji
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects and Management of Odontogenic Infections on Pulmonary Infections
Authors: Shinzato Takashi
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Geopolymerization of Solid Waste: Technical and Commercial Progress
Authors: van Deventer J. S. J. , Duxson P. , Provis J. L. , Lukey G. C.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Studies on the Aromaticity and Antiaromaticity of Planar Cyclooctatetraene
Authors: Nishinaga Tohru , Ohmae Takeshi , Iyoda Masahiko
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ECD Cotton Effect Approximated by the Gaussian Curve and Other Methods
Authors: Stephens Philip J. , Harada Nobuyuki
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NMR of Liquid Crystals and Micellar Solutions
Authors: Paduano Luigi , D'Errico Gerardino
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Aliev A. E. , Law R. V.
Published: April 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Asymptomatic Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection
Authors: Dakik Habib A. , Nader Gilbert Abou , Arja Wajih A. , Sawaya Jaber , Gharzuddine Walid
Published: April 2010

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of myocardial ischemia that could present as angina, acute myocardial infarction, or even sudden death. It occurs more commonly in women and it has been associated with autoimmune and collagen vascular diseases. The management and prognosis in these patients depend on the initial clinical presentation and the extent of dissection. In this article, we report 2 cases of asymptomatic SCAD that were diagnosed on routine preoperative evaluation. The management options and clinical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Prognostic Importance of Isolated P‐Wave Abnormalities
Authors: Kaykha Amir , Myers Jonathan , Desser Kenneth B. , Laufer Nathan , Froelicher Victor F.
Published: April 2010

Background

While certain P‐Wave morphologies have been associated with abnormal atrial size and either pulmonary or cardiovascular (CV) disease, their relationship to mortality and specific cause of death has not been reported.

Methods

Analyses were performed on the first digitally recorded electrocardiogram (ECG) on 43 903 patients at the Palo Alto Veterans Administration Medical Center since 1987. After appropriate exclusions, 40 020 patients remained. Using computerized algorithms, P‐wave amplitude and duration in 12 leads as well as several standardized ECG interpretations were extracted. The main outcome measures were pulmonary and CV mortality.

Results

During a mean follow‐up of 6 years there were 3417 CV and 1213 pulmonary deaths. After adjusting for age and heart rate in a Cox regression model, P‐wave amplitude in the inferior leads was the strongest predictor of pulmonary death (hazard ratio [HR]: 3.0, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.3–3.9, P < .0001 for an amplitude > 2.5 mm), outperforming all other ECG criteria. The depth of P‐wave inversion in leads V1 or V2 and P‐wave duration were strong predictors of CV death (HR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.5–2.0, P < 0.0001 for a P‐wave inversion deeper than 1 mm), outperforming many previously established ECG predictors of CV death.

Conclusions

P‐wave amplitude in the inferior leads is the strongest independent predictor of pulmonary death while P‐wave duration and the depth of P‐wave inversion in leads V1 or V2 significantly predict CV death. These measurements can be obtained easily and should be considered as part of clinical risk stratification. Copyright © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Removal of Cationic Dye from Aqueous Solution by a Macroporous Hydrophobically Modified Poly(acrylic Acid‐acrylamide) Hydrogel with Enhanced Swelling and Adsorption Properties
Authors: Li Shengfang , Liu Xianli , Zou Tao , Xiao Wensheng
Published: April 2010

A macroporous, hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid‐acrylamide) hydrogel was prepared. The fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM) results showed that the hydrogel had a macroporous structure. The dynamic swelling and removal of cationic dyes, crystal violet (CV) and basic magenta (BM), by this macroporous hydrophobically modified poly(acrylic acid‐acrylamide) hydrogel were studied. The adsorption capacity and kinetic and isotherm studies of the cationic dyes into the hydrogels have been evaluated. It was found that the macroporous hydrophobically modified hydrogel (M) exhibited improved swelling and adsorption capacity compared with the non‐macroporous hydrophobically modified hydrogel (NM). The adsorption process agreed very well with the Langmuir model and the adsorption of the cationic dyes depended on the pH of the solution via a mechanism combining swelling, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions. Moreover, adsorption kinetic studies showed that the adsorption followed a pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, indicating that chemical adsorption was the rate‐limiting step.
Integrated Electrolytic Treatment and Adsorption for the Removal of Melanoidins
Authors: Satyawali Yamini , Verstraete Willy , Balakrishnan Malini
Published: April 2010

This work investigates electrolytic treatment and activated carbon adsorption for the removal of melanoidins, the recalcitrant coloring component in fermentation industry wastewaters. A 10% solution of synthetic melanoidins was electrolytically reduced and simultaneously oxidized in an electrolytic cell, thereby altering its reactivity. Adsorption studies using granular activated carbon were conducted using both control and electrolyzed streams. The filterability, surface tension and capillary suction time of the samples were also determined. The reduced melanoidins stream exhibited both a high chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal of 79% and a high color removal of 77% upon activated carbon adsorption. In comparison with the oxidized fraction, the reduced samples displayed enhanced filtration flux as well as decreased capillary suction time, thus indicating better filterability. Furthermore, a decline in surface tension was also observed confirming the decreased hydrophobicity of the reduced melanoidins.
Two‐Dimensional Self‐Assembly of a Porphyrin–Polypyridyl Ruthenium(II) Hybrid on HOPG Surface through Metal–Ligand Interactions
Authors: Gao Aimei , Miao Xinrui , Liu Jie , Zhao Ping , Huang Jinwang , Deng Wenli
Published: April 2010

The synthesis and self‐assembly behavior of porphyrin–polypyridyl ruthenium(II) hybrid, which consists of a flexible alkyl chain attached with two conjugated moieties is described. The electronic absorption spectrum and emission spectra show that the [C8‐TPP‐(ip)Ru(phen)2](ClO4)2, abbreviated as (C8ip)TPPC has optical properties. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies found that the π–π interaction and metal–ligand interaction allow (C8ip)TPPC to form self‐assembled structure and have an edge‐on orientation on the highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface. The multidentate structure in (C8ip)TPPC molecules act as linkers between the molecules and form metal–ligand coordination, which forces the assembly process in the direction of stable columnar arrays. In addition, although the sample was stored for two months in ambient conditions, STM experiments showed that the order of (C8ip)TPPC self‐assembly only slightly decreased which indicates that the self‐assembled monolayer is stable. This work demonstrates that introducing a metal‐ligand in the porphyrin‐polypyridyl compound is a useful strategy to obtain novel surface assemblies.
Hydrothermal synthesis of ultralong single‐crystalline α‐Ni(OH)2 nanobelts and corresponding porous NiO nanobelts
Authors: Liang Hui , Liu Ling , Yang Zhijie , Yang Yanzhao
Published: April 2010

Ultralong α‐Ni(OH)2 nanobelts with uniform size have been prepared on large scale via a facile template‐free hydrothermal method. The as‐prepared nanobelts were single crystals, with several tens of microns in length and about 100 nm in width. For the whole process, a novel nucleation–aggregation–dissolution–seed‐directed growth mechanism was proposed based on the experimental results. The roles of aqueous ammonia and hydrothermal temperature were also discussed. Furthermore, porous NiO nanobelts were obtained by annealing the as‐prepared Ni(OH)2 nanobelts. This facile, template‐free, and low cost method might feasibly be scaled up for industrial production. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of L‐alanine doped KDP crystals
Authors: Parikh K. D. , Dave D. J. , Parekh B. B. , Joshi M. J.
Published: April 2010

Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) is an excellent inorganic nonlinear optical (NLO) material with different device applications. Most of amino acids possess NLO property; therefore, it is of interest to dope them in KDP crystals. In the present study, amino acid L‐alanine doped KDP crystals were grown by slow aqueous solvent evaporation technique. The doping of L‐alanine was confirmed by the paper chromatography, the CHN analysis and the FT‐IR spectroscopy. The powder XRD was carried out to assess the single phase nature of the samples. The effect of doping on thermal stability of the crystals was studied by TGA and the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of dehydration were evaluated. As the amount of doping increased the thermal stability of crystals decreased. However, the second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency and the UV‐Vis spectroscopy studies indicated that as the L‐alanine doping increased the SHG efficiency and optical transmission percentage increased. The dielectric behavior of the samples has been studied. The variation of dielectric constant, dielectric loss (tanδ), a.c.resistivity and a.c.conductivity with frequency of applied field in the range from 100 Hz to 100 kHz was studied. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss decreased with increase the value of frequency of applied field. The dielectric constant and the dielectric loss values of L‐alanine doped KDP crystals were lower than the pure KDP crystals. The results are discussed. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wann kommt der EC 6 in Deutschland und was bedeutet das für die nationalen Bemessungsnormen?
Authors: Jäger Wolfram , Hauschild Carola
Published: April 2010

Entsprechend der zwischen dem DIN und der europäischen Normungsorganisation CEN getroffenen Vereinbarungen sollen im Jahr 2010 alle europäischen Bemessungsnormen mit ihren nationalen Anhängen zur Verfügung stehen und diesen widersprechende nationale Normen zurückgezogen werden. Der Beitrag erläutert, wie der derzeitige Stand im Mauerwerksbau ist, ob und wie lange noch die deutschen Bemessungsnormen im Mauerwerksbau weiter angewendet werden können und was das für die überarbeitete DIN 1053‐1 bedeutet. Abschließend wird dem Wunsch der Praxis entsprechend zum Ausdruck gebracht, dass nur eine bauaufsichtliche Einführung als komplettes Dokument in der Liste der Technischen Baubestimmungen sinnvoll ist.

When will be the EC 6 established for use in Germany and what means it for the national design codes? The European Design Codes with their National Annexes should be available in the year 2010 and contradictory national design standards withdrawn according to the agreement between DIN and the European Standardisation Organisation CEN. The contribution explains how the current state in masonry construction is, and how long the German design codes for masonry can be applied. Also the effect on the revised DIN 1053‐1 is described. Closing it will be expressed corresponding to the wish of practise that only a complete document should be introduced in the list of technically regulations for construction by the building authority.
Short‐term outcome of renal transplantation treated with pre‐transplant peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Kitada Hidehisa , Doi Atsushi , Nishiki Takehiro , Miura Yoshifumi , Kurihara Kei , Yoshida Junichi , Kawanami Sayako , Tanaka Masao
Published: April 2010

OBJECTIVE

Pre‐transplant dialysis has been reported to have an impact on the outcome in renal transplantation; however, it is still controversial. This study evaluated the short‐term outcome of pre‐transplant peritoneal dialysis (PD) in comparison to that of hemodialysis (HD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

All living donor kidney transplantations performed from January 2008 to April 2009 were enrolled and divided into 2 groups according to pre‐transplant dialysis, HD and PD. The recipient's age, duration of dialysis, acute rejection episodes, incidence of infection, serum creatinine level, and surgical complications were evaluated.

RESULTS

The PD group was significantly younger and the duration of their dialysis was shorter. The creatinine level in the PD group was significantly lower than that in the HD group. Acute rejection proven by biopsy was seen in 4 of 36 patients in the HD group and in only 1 of 14 patients in the PD group. There was no difference in the incidence of infection between the 2 groups. There were no vessel complications in any patients, but there were a few urological complications in both groups. Delayed graft function resulting from intractable ascites occurred in 1 patient in the PD group.

CONCLUSION

Renal transplantation in patients with pre‐transplant PD can be performed safely, although the development of ascites, the timing of removal of the PD catheter, and encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis may occur even after successful transplantation.
Does abnormal insulin action or insulin secretion explain the increase in prevalence of impaired glucose metabolism with age in populations of different ethnicities?
Authors: Ning F. , Qiao Q. , Tuomilehto J. , Hammar N. , Ho S. Y. , Söderberg S. , Zimmet P. Z. , Shaw J. E. , Nakagami T. , Mohan V. , Ramachandran A. , Lam T. H. , Andersson S. W. , Janus E. D. , Boyko E. J. , Fujimoto W. Y. , Pang Z. C.
Published: April 2010

Background

Age is associated with both impaired glucose and insulin metabolism. To what extent the age‐related changes in insulin resistance (IR) and β‐cell function contribute to the increase in prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is less known, and this is investigated in this study.

Methods

This study included 6610 men and 7664 women of different ethnic groups aged 30‐69 years. IR and β‐cell function were examined by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and homeostasis model assessment of β‐cell function (HOMA‐B). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated using logistic regression analysis adjusting for body mass index and study.

Results

In Chinese men, the ORs (95% CIs) for IFG were 2.69 (1.70, 4.26), 2.51 (1.49, 4.21) and 2.89 (1.68, 4.97), respectively, in age groups of 40–49, 50–59 and 60–69 years compared with 30–39 years (p < 0.001 for trend); the corresponding figures for IGT were 1.73 (1.25, 2.38), 2.54 (1.78, 3.63) and 3.57 (2.46, 5.19) (p < 0.001 for trend). Similar trends for IGT were observed also in Chinese women and other ethnic groups, but not for IFG in Mauritius Indian and Creole men. Adjustment for HOMA‐IR and HOMA‐B reduced the ORs in all age groups of all ethnicities for both IFG and IGT, but the risk gradient between age groups remained particularly for the IGT.

Conclusions

The age‐related increase in glucose intolerance may not be fully explained by the defect in HOMA‐IR and HOMA‐B. As HOMA‐IR and HOMA‐B are only surrogate measures of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion, the results need to be further investigated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Optical Spectra of Europium Borate Fluoride Eu5(BO3)3F
Authors: Kazmierczak Karolina , Höppe Henning A.
Published: April 2010

Europium borate fluoride, Eu5(BO3)3F, was synthesised as a single‐phase crystalline powder starting from europium oxide, europium fluoride and boron oxide at 1370 K. Eu5(BO3)3F crystallises in the space group Pnma. Optical spectroscopy (emission and absorption) on Eu5(BO3)3F confirms the presence of Eu2+ and delivered no evidence for Eu3+. The vibrational spectra of Eu5(BO3)3F are also reported.
Sonogashira Couplings of Halo‐ and Epoxy‐Halo‐exo‐Glycals: Concise Entry to Carbohydrate‐Derived Enynes
Authors: Gómez Ana M. , Barrio Aitor , Pedregosa Ana , Uriel Clara , Valverde Serafín , López J. Cristóbal
Published: April 2010

Furanose‐ and pyranose‐derived mono‐ and dihalo‐exo‐glycals undergo Sonogashira coupling reactions in the presence of Pd catalysts to give carbohydrate‐derived enynes in a completely stereoselective manner. On the other hand, a furanose‐derived 2,3‐anhydrohalo‐exo‐glycal, available from D‐mannose in five steps, undergoes Pd0‐catalyzed Sonogashira coupling, leading to 2‐deoxyenynes.
Use of cyclodextrin‐modified gold nanoparticles for enantioseparations of drugs and amino acids based on pseudostationary phase‐capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Yang Li , Chen Cuijie , Liu Xi , Shi Jing , Wang Guang , Zhu Liande , Guo Liping , Glennon Jeremy D. , Scully Norma M. , Doherty Barry E.
Published: April 2010

The application of chemical‐modified gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as chiral selector for the enantioseparation based on pseudostationary phase‐CEC (PSP‐CEC) is presented. GNPs modified by thiolated β‐CD were characterized by NMR and FT‐IR. The nanoparticle size was determined to be of 9.5 nm (+2.5 nm) by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and UV spectra. Four pairs of dinitrophenyl‐labeled amino acid enantiomers (DL‐Val, Leu, Glu and Asp) and three pairs of drug enantiomers (RS‐chlorpheniramine, zopiclone and carvedilol) were analyzed by using modified GNPs as the chiral selector in PSP‐CEC. Good theoretical plate number (up to 2.4×105 per meter) and separation resolution (up to 4.7) were obtained even with low concentration of modified GNPs (0.8–1.4 mg/mL). The corresponding concentration of β‐CD in the buffer was only 0.30−0.53 mM, which was much lower than the optimum concentration of 15 mM if pure β‐CD was used as chiral selector. Our results showed that thiolated β‐CD modified GNPs have more sufficient interaction with the analytes, resulting in significant enhancement of enantioseparation. The study shed light on potential usage of chemical modified GNPs as chiral selector for enantioseparation based on PSP‐CEC.
Ion and ionic current sinks for electrodeionization of simulated cadmium plating rinse waters
Authors: Dermentzis Konstantinos , Christoforidis Achilleas , Papadopoulou Despoina , Davidis Anthimos
Published: April 2010

In this study, electrostatic shielding zones made of electrode graphite powder were constructed and used as a new type of ionic and electronic current sinks. Because of the local elimination of the applied electric field, voltage, and current within these zones, ions are led inside them and accumulate there. The current sinks were implemented in electrodeionization of simulated cadmium plating rinse waters containing 50 mg/L of Cd2+ ions with simultaneous electrochemical regeneration of the ion exchange resin beds. Pure water was obtained with a Cd2+ ion concentration of less than 0.1 mg/L at a flow rate of 3.27 × 10−4 L/s diluate stream, a current density of 2 mA/cm2, and a current efficiency of 28% for Cd2+ ion removal. © 2010 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2011
Exploring the post‐stimulus undershoot with spin‐echo fMRI: Implications for models of neurovascular response
Authors: Poser Benedikt A. , van Mierlo Emily , Norris David G.
Published: April 2010

As a consequence of neural stimulation the blood oxygenation‐level dependent (BOLD) contrast in gradient‐echo echo‐planar imaging (GE‐EPI) based functional MRI (fMRI) leads to an increased MR signal in activated brain regions. Following this, a BOLD signal undershoot below baseline is generally observed with GE‐EPI. The origin of this undershoot has been the focus of many investigations using fMRI and optical modalities, but the underlying mechanisms remain disputed. Here, we investigate the BOLD undershoot following visual stimulation by using a purely T2‐weighted fMRI sequence at 1.5 and 3 T. By taking advantage of the field strength dependency of the T2 BOLD contrast and complete absence of static dephasing effects due to the pure spin echoes, one can draw conclusions about the origin of the BOLD undershoot and test the hypotheses in the literature. We observe a significant undershoot at both field strengths, with constant undershoot‐to‐main response ratio. This provides strong evidence that the undershoot is caused by BOLD changes due to elevated post‐stimulus deoxyhaemoglobin concentration in the small vessels. ‘Delayed vascular compliance’ as suggested by the well‐known Balloon and Windkessel models does not appear capable of explaining the undershoot. Our results also suggest that blood volume changes in arterioles and capillaries, for which there is consistent evidence from optical imaging studies, cannot alone cause the undershoot. This has important implications for models of neurovascular response and provides further support for the decoupling of changes in the rate of oxygen metabolism and blood flow. In addition, we found that an ‘arteriolar balloon’ (delayed arterial compliance) may provide a plausible explanation for the temporal characteristics of the BOLD undershoot. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional deactivations: Multiple ipsilateral brain areas engaged in the processing of somatosensory information
Authors: Klingner Carsten M. , Huonker Ralph , Flemming Sandra , Hasler Caroline , Brodoehl Stefan , Preul Christoph , Burmeister Hartmut , Kastrup Andreas , Witte Otto W.
Published: April 2010

Somatosensory signals modulate activity throughout a widespread network in both of the brain hemispheres: the contralateral as well as the ipsilateral side of the brain relative to the stimulated limb. To analyze the ipsilateral somatosensory brain areas that are engaged during limb stimulation, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 12 healthy subjects during electrical median nerve stimulation using both a block‐ and an event‐related fMRI design. Data were analyzed through the use of model‐dependent (SPM) and model‐independent (ICA) approaches. Beyond the well‐known positive blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) responses, negative deflections of the BOLD response were found consistently in several ipsilateral brain areas, including the primary somatosensory cortex, the supplementary motor area, the insula, the dorsal part of the posterior cingulate cortex, and the contralateral cerebellum. Compared to their positive counterparts, the negative hemodynamic responses showed a different time course, with an onset time delay of 2.4 s and a peak delay of 0.7 s. This characteristic delay was observed in all investigated areas and verified by a second (purely tactile) event‐related paradigm, suggesting a systematic difference for brain areas involved in the processing of somatosensory information. These findings may indicate that the physiological basis of these deactivations differs from that of the positive BOLD responses. Therefore, an altered model for the negative BOLD response may be beneficial to further model‐dependent fMRI analyses. Hum Brain Mapp, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dimethylsilylaminophosphane heterocyclization of isothiocyanates to diazaphosphole‐thiones through zwitterionic intermediates
Authors: Petrov Petar Y. , Angelov Christo M. , McDonald Robert , Alexiev Alexi , Cavell Ronald G.
Published: April 2010

Isothiocyanates react with Me2P‐N(SiMe3)2 with elimination of (Me3Si)2S to give new structurally characterized heterocyclic diazaphosphole derivatives, and in one case the intermediate zwitterionic compound was isolated and structurally characterized. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 21:196–202, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20595
Three New Limonoids from the Leaves of Cipadessa cinerascens
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Yao Kai , Hu Gui‐Lin , Zhang Ji
Published: April 2010

Three new limonoids, cipadesins G–I (1–3), together with four known ones, were isolated from the leaves of Cipadessa cinerascens. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR data.
Three New Monoterpene Alkaloids and a New Caffeic Acid Ester from Incarvillea mairei var. multifoliolata
Authors: Xing Ai‐Ting , Tian Jun‐Mian , Liu Chun‐Mei , Li Hui‐Liang , Zhang Wei‐Dong , Shan Lei
Published: April 2010

Three new monoterpene alkaloids, mairine A (1), mairine B (2), and mairine C (3), and a new caffeic acid ester, 2‐(1‐hydroxy‐4,4‐dimethoxycyclohexyl)ethyl caffeate (4), were isolated from the EtOH extract of the whole plants of Incarvillea mairei var. multifoliolata. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR and HR‐ESI‐MS analysis.
Norlignans from Rhizomes of Curculigo sinensis
Authors: Li Ning , Wang Tian‐Ming , Wang Kai‐Jin , Zhao You‐Xing
Published: April 2010

Two novel norlignans, sinensigenins A and B (1 and 2, resp.), were isolated from the rhizomes of Curculigo sinensis, together with six known norlignans, crassifogenin B (3), cucapitoside (4), crassifoside B (5), crassifoside H (6), curculigine (7), and isocurculigine (8). Their structures were established on the basis of spectral evidence and comparisons with literature data. All of these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.
Two Novel 15(10→1)Abeomuurolane Sesquiterpenes from Cosmos sulphureus
Authors: Wu Jyh‐Horng , Chang Yi‐Fu , Tung Yu‐Tang , Tsuzuki Minoru , Izuka Akira , Wang Sheng‐Yang , Kuo Yueh‐Hsiung
Published: April 2010

Two novel 15(10→1)abeomuurolane sesquiterpenes, cosmosoic acid (1) and cosmosaldehyde (2), were isolated from the whole plant of Cosmos sulfurous. Their structures were established by a combination of 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, a chemical correlation between 1 and 2 was also established.
Two New Indole Alkaloids from the Marine‐Derived Bacterium Aeromonas sp. CB101
Authors: Cai Sheng‐Xin , Li De‐Hai , Zhu Tian‐Jiao , Wang Feng‐Ping , Xiao Xiang , Gu Qian‐Qun
Published: April 2010

Two new indole alkaloids, arsindolines A and B (1 and 2, resp.), together with six known indole alkaloids, were isolated from a marine‐derived bacterium strain CB101, identified as Aeromonas sp. Their structures were established by spectroscopic methods, and their antitumor activities were evaluated by SRB and MTT methods.
Internal accounting controls: Does company size matter?
Authors: Rouse Robert W.
Published: April 2010

Section 404 of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act required CEOs and CFOs to certify their firms' internal controls were working properly. But the expense of determining that was seen as such a burden on small companies that for years they have been exempted. But is this the right thing to do? Should investors be concerned? © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
PCAOB gets tough with new audit quality review standard
Authors: Bettinghaus Bruce
Published: April 2010

The author discusses the requirements of the recently proposed Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) auditing standard (AS 7) requiring the review and approval of a second audit partner of each audit. The PCAOB intended to get tough—the standard is designed to be rigorous. Unfortunately, the additional costs of implementing it might exceed any benefit. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multidimensionality of delocalization indices and nucleus‐independent chemical shifts in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons II: Proof of further nonlocality
Authors: Fias Stijn , Van Damme Sofie , Bultinck Patrick
Published: April 2010

In a recent contribution, we examined the effect of 10‐ and 14‐center circuits on the nucleus‐independent chemical shifts NICSs using multicenter bond indices (MCBIs) (Fias et al., J Comput Chem 2008, 29, 358). In this study, the nonlocal contributions to the NICS are further investigated for a larger set of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To achieve this, the NICSs are predicted using the MCBI and compared with ab initio results. The NICSs of the central ring of perylene‐ and benzo‐[ghi]perylene‐like fragments and of coronene appear to have other nonlocal contributions than the ones previously studied. It is shown that a model based on the MCBI‐ring current maps and the inclusion of new circuits proves the existence and shows the nature of these new nonlocal effects on the NICS. This new model leads to a better understanding of the differences between the NICSs and delocalization indices. The results show that the NICS value is not only significantly influenced by the higher order circuits encircling the ring at which it is evaluated but also by the local aromaticity of the surrounding rings, and occasionally, like in the case of coronene, the NICSs are even influenced by currents farther away in the molecule. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Molecular tailoring approach in conjunction with MP2 and Ri‐MP2 codes: A comparison with fragment molecular orbital method
Authors: Rahalkar Anuja P. , Katouda Michio , Gadre Shridhar R. , Nagase Shigeru
Published: April 2010

Many Divide‐and‐Conquer based approaches are being developed to overcome the high scaling problem of the ab initio methods. In this work, one such method, Molecular Tailoring Approach (MTA) has been interfaced with recently developed efficient Møller‐Plesset second order perturbation theory (MP2) codes viz. IMS‐MP2 and RI‐MP2 to reap the advantage of both. An external driver script is developed for implementing MTA at the front‐end and the MP2 codes at the back‐end. The present version of the driver script is written only for a single point energy evaluation of a molecular system at a fixed geometry. The performance of these newly developed MTA‐IMS‐MP2 and MTA‐RI‐MP2 codes is extensively benchmarked for a variety of molecular systems vis‐à‐vis the corresponding actual runs. In addition to this, the performance of these programs is also critically compared with Fragment Molecular Orbital (FMO), another popular fragment‐based method. It is observed that FMO2/2 is superior to FMO3/2 and MTA with respect to time advantage; however, the errors of FMO2 are much beyond chemical accuracy. However, FMO3/2 is a highly accurate method for biological systems but is unsuccessful in case of water clusters. MTA produces estimates with errors within 1 kcal/mol uniformly for all systems with reasonable time advantage. Analysis carried out employing various basis sets shows that FMO gives its optimum performance only for basis sets, which does not include diffuse functions. On the contrary, MTA performance is found to be similar for any basis set used. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Force field parameters for the simulation of modified histone tails
Authors: Grauffel Cédric , Stote Roland H. , Dejaegere Annick
Published: April 2010

We describe the development of force field parameters for methylated lysines and arginines, and acetylated lysine for the CHARMM all‐atom force field. We also describe a CHARMM united‐atom force field for modified sidechains suitable for use with fragment‐based docking methods. The development of these parameters is based on results of ab initio quantum mechanics calculations of model compounds with subsequent refinement and validation by molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulations. The united‐atom parameters are tested by fragment docking to target proteins using the MCSS procedure. The all‐atom force field is validated by molecular dynamics simulations of multiple experimental structures. In both sets of calculations, the computational predictions using the force field were compared to the corresponding experimental structures. We show that the parameters yield an accurate reproduction of experimental structures. Together with the existing CHARMM force field, these parameters will enable the general modeling of post‐translational modifications of histone tails. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Agonist‐evoked Ca2+ wave progression requires Ca2+ and IP3
Authors: McCarron John G. , Chalmers Susan , MacMillan Debbi , Olson Marnie L.
Published: April 2010

Smooth muscle responds to IP3‐generating agonists by producing Ca2+ waves. Here, the mechanism of wave progression has been investigated in voltage‐clamped single smooth muscle cells using localized photolysis of caged IP3 and the caged Ca2+ buffer diazo‐2. Waves, evoked by the IP3‐generating agonist carbachol (CCh), initiated as a uniform rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) over a single though substantial length (∼30 µm) of the cell. During regenerative propagation, the wave‐front was about 1/3 the length (∼9 µm) of the initiation site. The wave‐front progressed at a relatively constant velocity although amplitude varied through the cell; differences in sensitivity to IP3 may explain the amplitude changes. Ca2+ was required for IP3‐mediated wave progression to occur. Increasing the Ca2+ buffer capacity in a small (2 µm) region immediately in front of a CCh‐evoked Ca2+ wave halted progression at the site. However, the wave front does not progress by Ca2+‐dependent positive feedback alone. In support, colliding [Ca2+]c increases from locally released IP3 did not annihilate but approximately doubled in amplitude. This result suggests that local IP3‐evoked [Ca2+]c increases diffused passively. Failure of local increases in IP3 to evoke waves appears to arise from the restricted nature of the IP3 increase. When IP3 was elevated throughout the cell, a localized increase in Ca2+ now propagated as a wave. Together, these results suggest that waves initiate over a surprisingly large length of the cell and that both IP3 and Ca2+ are required for active propagation of the wave front to occur. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 334–344, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early years of biological agents therapy in Crohn's disease and risk of the human polyomavirus JC reactivation
Authors: Bellizzi Anna , Barucca Valentina , Fioriti Daniela , Colosimo Maria T. , Mischitelli Monica , Anzivino Elena , Chiarini Fernanda , Pietropaolo Valeria
Published: April 2010

Although the remarkable efficacy of biological therapy has resulted in significant success in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management, susceptibility to infections remains a concern. The biological agents include the tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) inhibitors, for instance infliximab, and other immunomodulating agents, such as natalizumab. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare but mostly fatal opportunistic brain infection caused by reactivation of the human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV), has been found in two patients with multiple sclerosis and one patient with Crohn's disease (CD), linked to treatment with natalizumab. After these cases of PML, the commercial and investigational use of natalizumab was suspended in February 2005 but was subsequently resumed for multiple sclerosis and for CD, only through a special restricted distribution program. This review, starting from an extensive literature search by the PubMed database, resumes the clinical aspects and pathophysiology of CD and focuses on the biologics in current use in CD (infliximab, adalimumab, and natalizumab), in order to provide a reference and gateway to prevention, recognition, and management of JCV, in the early years of biological agents therapy. It also proposed to provide an overview on the hypothetical mechanism of reactivation of JC virus related to the use of these drugs. J. Cell. Physiol. 224: 316–326, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.