bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-Keynesian Institutionalism after the Great Recession
Authors: Whalen Charles J.
Published: July 2013

This article surveys the context and contours of contemporary Post-Keynesian Institutionalism (PKI). It begins by reviewing recent criticism of conventional economics by prominent economists as well as examining, against the backdrop of the current context, important research that paved the way for PKI today. Then it sketches essential elements of PKI – drawing heavily on the contributions of Hyman Minsky – and identifies directions for future research. Although there is much room for further development, PKI offers a promising starting point for economics after the Great Recession.
Convention, interest rates and monetary policy: a post-Keynesian–French-conventions-school approach*
Authors: de Melo Modenesi André , Modenesi Rui Lyrio , Oreiro José Luis , Martins Norberto Montani
Published: July 2013

This article aims at analysing the relationship between conventions and monetary policy using both the post-Keynesian and the French-conventions-school approaches, treated as complementary; and stressing the design of monetary policy frameworks (for example, inflation targeting) and the setting of interest rates as phenomena highly governed by conventions. The Brazilian monetary policy after the mid 1990s – marked by the highest real interest rates in the world – will be used as a case study.
Combustion efficiency and emission factors for wildfire-season fires in mixed conifer forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, US
Authors: Urbanski S. P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In the US, wildfires and prescribed burning present significant challenges to air regulatory agencies attempting to achieve and maintain compliance with air quality regulations. Fire emission factors (EF) are essential input for the emission models used to develop wildland fire emission inventories. Most previous studies quantifying wildland fire EF of temperate ecosystems have focused on emissions from prescribed burning conducted outside of the wildfire season. Little information is available on EF for wildfires in temperate forests of the conterminous US. The goal of this work is to provide information on emissions from wildfire-season forest fires in the northern Rocky Mountains, US. In August 2011, we deployed airborne chemistry instruments and sampled emissions over eight days from three wildfires and a prescribed fire that occurred in mixed conifer forests of the northern Rocky Mountains. We measured the combustion efficiency, quantified as the modified combustion efficiency (MCE), and EF for CO2, CO, and CH4. Our study average values for MCE, EFCO2, EFCO, and EFCH4 were 0.883, 1596 g kg−1, 135 g kg−1, 7.30 g kg−1, respectively. Compared with previous field studies of prescribed fires in temperate forests, the fires sampled in our study had significantly lower MCE and EFCO2 and significantly higher EFCO and EFCH4. The fires sampled in this study burned in areas reported to have moderate to heavy components of standing dead trees and down dead wood due to insect activity and previous fire, but fuel consumption data was not available. However, an analysis of MCE and fuel consumption data from 18 prescribed fires reported in the literature indicates that the availability of coarse fuels and conditions favorable for the combustion of these fuels favors low MCE fires. This analysis suggests that fuel composition was an important factor contributing to the low MCE of the fires measured in this study. This study only measured EF for CO2, CO, and CH4; however, we used our study average MCE to provide rough estimates of wildfire-season EF for PM2.5 and four non-methane organic compounds (NMOC) using MCE and EF data reported in the literature. This analysis suggests the EFPM2.5 for wildfires that occur in forests of the northern Rocky Mountains may be significantly larger than those reported for temperate forests in the literature and that used in a recent national emission inventory. If the MCE of the fires sampled in this work are representative of the combustion characteristics of wildfire-season fires in similar forest types across the western US then the use of EF based on prescribed fires may result in an underestimate of wildfire PM2.5 and NMOC emissions. Given the magnitude of biomass consumed by western US wildfires, this may have important implications for the forecasting and management of regional air quality.
Inter-instrument calibration using magnetic field data from Flux Gate Magnetometer (FGM) and Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) onboard Cluster
Authors: Nakamura R. , Plaschke F. , Teubenbacher R. , Giner L. , Baumjohann W. , Magnes W. , Steller M. , Torbert R. B. , Vaith H. , Chutter M. , Fornaçon K.-H. , Glassmeier K.-H. , Carr C.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. We compare the magnetic field data obtained from the Flux-Gate Magnetometer (FGM) and the magnetic field data deduced from the gyration time of electrons measured by the Electron Drift Instrument (EDI) onboard Cluster to determine the spin axis offset of the FGM measurements. Data are used from orbits with their apogees in the magnetotail, when the magnetic field magnitude was between about 20 nT and 500 nT. Offset determination with the EDI-FGM comparison method is of particular interest for these orbits, because no data from solar wind are available in such orbits to apply the usual calibration methods using the Alfvén waves. In this paper, we examine the effects of the different measurement conditions, such as direction of the magnetic field relative to the spin plane and field magnitude in determining the FGM spin-axis offset, and also take into account the time-of-flight offset of the EDI measurements. It is shown that the method works best when the magnetic field magnitude is less than about 128 nT and when the magnetic field is aligned near the spin-axis direction. A remaining spin-axis offset of about 0.4 ~ 0.6 nT was observed between July and October 2003. Using multi-point multi-instrument measurements by Cluster we further demonstrate the importance of the accurate determination of the spin-axis offset when estimating the magnetic field gradient.
AUTOMATIC CAMERA CALIBRATION FOR CULTURAL HERITAGE APPLICATIONS USING UNSTRUCTURED PLANAR OBJECTS
Authors: Adam K. , Kalisperakis I. , Grammatikopoulos L. , Karras G. , Petsa E.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. As a rule, image-based documentation of cultural heritage relies today on ordinary digital cameras and commercial software. As such projects often involve researchers not familiar with photogrammetry, the question of camera calibration is important. Freely available open-source user-friendly software for automatic camera calibration, often based on simple 2D chess-board patterns, are an answer to the demand for simplicity and automation. However, such tools cannot respond to all requirements met in cultural heritage conservation regarding possible imaging distances and focal lengths. Here we investigate the practical possibility of camera calibration from unknown planar objects, i.e. any planar surface with adequate texture; we have focused on the example of urban walls covered with graffiti. Images are connected pair-wise with inter-image homographies, which are estimated automatically through a RANSAC-based approach after extracting and matching interest points with the SIFT operator. All valid points are identified on all images on which they appear. Provided that the image set includes a "fronto-parallel" view, inter-image homographies with this image are regarded as emulations of image-to-world homographies and allow computing initial estimates for the interior and exterior orientation elements. Following this initialization step, the estimates are introduced into a final self-calibrating bundle adjustment. Measures are taken to discard unsuitable images and verify object planarity. Results from practical experimentation indicate that this method may produce satisfactory results. The authors intend to incorporate the described approach into their freely available user-friendly software tool, which relies on chess-boards, to assist non-experts in their projects with image-based approaches.
A DATABASE FOR THE ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE RECOVERY BETWEEN ITALY AND SWITZERLAND
Authors: Bianco I. , Del Giudice M. , Zerbinatti M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to show some results coming from the international Interreg-AlpStone project, a research whose main aim is the protection and valorisation of a rural Cultural Heritage, theme of recent growing interest. In particular the background of this contribute is the traditional stone architecture placed in the territory between Italy and Switzerland, while into the foreground is put the method to right document, archive and analyse information about the objects of study. The response comes from BIM technologies (acronym of Building Information Modeling) which objective is the creation of a dynamical and interoperable system allowing the share of information through a unique database. If these methods have been largely employed on new constructions, they still haven't been enough tested on the field of historical architecture. In order to fill this gap, the paper suggest a method leading to the creation of a Cultural Heritage information system, which arise during the survey phase and continue through the detection of different building information, the proposal of recovery solutions, the asset georeferentiation on the territory and finally the moment of sharing information on a web platform. The creation of an architectural database is made possible by a survey based on point clouds. The latter constitute then the input data for the creation of a 3D model made with a parametric software allowing the increase of various kind of information. The future work plans will complete this project by locating the Cultural Heritage models on a webGIS.
A NEW TOOL FOR FACILITATING THE RETRIEVAL AND RECORDING OF THE PLACE NAME CULTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Bozzini C. , Conedera M. , Krebs P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Traditional place names (toponyms) represent the immaterial cultural heritage of past land uses, particular characteristics of the territory, landscape related events or inhabitants, as well as related cultural and religious background. In Euopean countries where the cultural landscape has a very long history, this heritage is particularly considerable. Often most of the detailed knowledge about traditional place names and their precise localization is non-written and familiar only to old local native persons who experienced the former rural civilization. In the next future this important heritage will be seriously threatened because of the physical disappearance of its living custodians. One of the major problems that one has to face, when trying to trace and document the knowledge related to place names and their localization, is to translate the memory and the former landscape experiences of the respondents into maps and structured records. In this contribution we present a new tool based on the monoplotting principle and ad hoc developed to enable the synchronization of terrestrial oblique landscape pictures with the represented digital elevation model. The local respondents are then just asked to show the place name localization on historical landscape pictures they are familiar with. The tool automatically gives back the corresponding world coordinates, what makes the interviewing process more rapid and smooth as well as motivating and less stress-inducing for the informants.
REVEALING THE SECRETS OF STONEHENGE THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF LASER SCANNING, PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND VISUALISATION TECHNIQUES
Authors: Bryan P. G. , Abbott M. , Dodson A. J.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Stonehenge is perhaps the most famous prehistoric monument in the world. Begun as a simple earthwork enclosure, it was built in several stages with the unique lintelled stone circle being erected in the Neolithic period in around 2,500 BC. Today Stonehenge, together with Avebury and other associated sites, form the heart of a World Heritage Site (WHS) with a unique and dense concentration of outstanding prehistoric monuments. In 2011 English Heritage (EH) embarked on a new survey of the monument. Undertaken by the Greenhatch Group, a commercial survey company based near Derby, a combination of laser scanning and photogrammetric approaches were used to generate the required scale and detailed level of output required by English Heritage. This paper will describe the background to this project and its context within previous survey activities at this World Heritage Site. It will explain the data acquisition technology and processes undertaken on site, the datasets derived from post-processing and their filtering and analysis within both subsequent research projects. Alongside a description of how the data is currently being exploited and proposed future applications within the conservation and management of the site, it will finish by considering the impact of developing geospatial imaging technologies.
LARGE STRUCTURES: WHICH SOLUTIONS FOR HEALTH MONITORING?
Authors: Camp G. , Carreaud P. , Lançon H.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Whatever the age of a large structure (dam, viaduct, cooling tower, nuclear containment, tunnel, …) It has to be periodically monitored. It is a challenge to realise these services when the access is limited and difficult for Man. This paper introduces a global approach, developed by SITES, through examples of application on different concrete dams or cooling towers, and their results. This global method involves three techniques: the SCANSITES® (a visual inspection system), the LIDAR (3D laser scanning) and high resolution photogrammetry.
BRINGING IT ALL TOGETHER: NETWORKING HERITAGE INVENTORIES IN ENGLAND
Authors: Carlisle P. K. , Lee E. S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This paper will look at the requirements for a future vision of networked, digital heritage inventories to support heritage protection in England. The present loose network presents several challenges for multiple organizations maintaining similar datasets on disparate IT software: Duplication of content; ownership of content and different approaches to recording practice and standards. This paper will discuss the potential use of the Arches Heritage Inventory and Management System as part of the vision for better operation of this network. Arches was developed by the Getty Conservation Institute, World Monuments Fund and Farallon Geographics as an open source web-based geographic information system (GIS) to help inventorize and manage immovable cultural heritage. The system is based around internationally recognized standards from both the heritage and IT sectors. These include: ISO 21127: 2006, commonly referred to as the CIDOC-CRM (Conceptual Reference Model); the CIDOC Core Data Standard for Archaeological and Architectural Sites; Core Data Index to Historic Buildings and Monuments of the Architectural Heritage as well as Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) standards. The proposed use of Arches as a data collection and exchange platform would provide effective and useful recording systems for small heritage projects lacking in-house IT support and the finances and skills to support their development. In addition it would promote standards to support cross-searching, data exchange and digital archiving and through its use of open source a community of IT developers, standards developers and content specialists can be developed to sustain the network.
PROTECTION OF CULTURAL HERITAGE IN URBAN AREAS DURING PEACE AND CONFLICT TIMES FROM THREATS TO RISK PREPAREDNESS AS A SHARED RESPONSIBILITY
Authors: Cimino C.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In times of economic hardship, the support given by specialized civil society organisations to public institutions in the protection of cultural heritage has often proved very useful, and there is evidence that their contribution is essential in times of conflicts and natural disasters, if well-designed plans and measures are organized efficiently, thoroughly tested and properly implemented. The 1954 Hague Convention for the Protection of Cultural Property in the Event of Armed Conflict (HC), its two Protocols and other international juridical instruments address these situations since decades, however, they remained widely not-applied in absence of proper regulatory instruments. In 2004, the Second Protocol of the Hague Convention (1999HP) entered into force and the Committee of the State Parties was formed. It became clear that a new trend started when, in 2009, draft Guidelines for the implementation of the 1999HP were issued. Meanwhile, WATCH, in partnership with the Council of the United Municipalitities of Jbail (Lebanon) and the Head of the Municipality of Mtskheta (Georgia) prepared a project proposal aimed to set a precedent in the governance of urban sites that are registered in the World Heritage List which are at risk of armed conflict. The project War Free World Heritage Listed Cities http://www.warfreeheritage.net/ was co-financed in 2010 with a grant within the framework of the EC CIUDAD programme and it is currently at an advanced level of implementation. This presentation will focus on achievements and contingencies faced during implementation as well as lessons learned that could be surely useful for pers pective applicants.
QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF THE LUMINANCE OF LASER SCANNER RADIATION FOR THE CLASSIFICATION OF MATERIALS
Authors: Costantino D. , Angelini M. G.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The main aim of this experimentation is the evaluation of potentialities of terrestrial laser scanner technology to carry-out, beyond topographic and morphological detection, non-invasive materic analysis of the scanned objects, with the prospective to evaluate the conservation of historical landmarks and cultural heritage of which Italy is the world leading country. Coherent lasers in the visible light range may lead to optical diffraction phenomena thus allowing for structural investigation and chemical analysis of the scanned objects. Application of LST in the visible range (λ = 585 nm) to a set of solid samples commonly applied in the construction (building) industry, differing in the crystallinity of their respective lattice, led to the following conclusions: a linear correlation has been established between degree of crystallization of solids and returning luminance of lasers after diffraction onto the solids surface; Gauss distribution of luminance data from diffraction onto less crystalline (plastics, glass) materials has been much narrow than more crystalline ones (metals, alloys, plasters). Both findings confirm that laser diffraction methods may be applied for fast materic determinations after simple LST scanning of solid samples. Bragg modeling of data, extensively applied for Xray diffraction methods (XRD), may be truly co-opted to Laser Scanning.
DOCUMENTING ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN BAHIA, BRAZIL, USING SPHERICAL PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: De Amorim A. L. , Fangi G. , Malinverni E. S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The Cultural Heritage disappears at a rate higher than we are able, not only, to restore but also to document: human and natural factors, negligence or worst, deliberate demolitions put in danger the collective Architectural Heritage (AH). According to CIPA statements, the recording is important and has to follow some guidelines. The Architectural and Urban Heritage data have to be historically related, critically assessed and analyzed, before to be organized according to a thematic structure and become available for further uses. This paper shows the experiences developed by the Laboratory of Computer Graphics applied to Architecture and Design (LCAD), at the Architecture School of the Federal University of Bahia (FAUFBA), Brazil, in cooperation with the Università Politecnica delle Marche (UNIVPM, DICEA Department), Italy, in documenting architectural heritage. The research set up now has been carried out in the historical sites of Bahia, as Pelourinho neighborhood, a World Heritage by UNESCO. Other historical sites are in the plan of this survey, like the cities of Lençóis and Mucugê in Chapada Diamantina region. The aim is to build a technological platform based on low cost digital technologies and open source tools, such as Panoramic Spherical Photogrammetry, Spatial Database, Geographic Information Systems, Three-dimensional Geometric Modeling, CAD technology, for the collection, validation and dissemination of AH.
DOCUMENTATION FOR EMERGENCY STABILIZATION AND THE INTEGRATED CONSERVATION PLANNING OF EARTHEN ARCHITECTURE SETTLEMENTS: THE KASBAH OF TAOURIRT (OUARZAZATE, MOROCCO)
Authors: Ekim Z. , Santana Quintero M. , Percy K. , Ward S. , Fai S. , Gregg J. , Ouimet C. , Cancino C. , Boussalh M.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Heritage recording serves as a basis for methodologies regarding diagnosis, treatment and preservation of historic places and contributes to make posterity records of our built cultural heritage. This work is not a stand-alone practice, but a part of the overall conservation of cultural heritage. Recording of heritage places should be directly related to the needs, skills and the technology that are available to the end users that are responsible for the management and care of these sites. They should be selected in a way that the future protectors of these sites can also access and use the data that is collected. This contribution explains an innovative heritage recording approach applied by Carleton Immersive Media Studio (CIMS) in the documentation of an earthen complex, the Kasbah of Taourirt in Ouarzazate, Morocco as part of the Earthen Architecture Initiative of the Getty Conservation Institute (GCI). The selected recording techniques used were carried out according to the requirements of the Moroccan team (CERKAS) in charge of the study and protection of the chosen site documented.
RELICS OF MINING ACTIVITIES IN WEST BOHEMIA – MAPPING BY AIRBORNE LASER SCANNING
Authors: Faltýnová M. , Pavelka K.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The part of the Czech Republic – West Bohemia is well known for mining activities, different types of raw materials have been extracted from mines near Jáchymov, Sokolov and other sites since medieval times till today. There are original maps of some sites, as well there is effort of some geologists to find and map relics of mining activities (such as digs visible in terrain) by land survey. The quality of these available maps is unfortunately questionable – due to its age or used methods. Our aim was to find resource useful for searching for these sites, than to use field survey to confirm our findings. We used available digital terrain model (DTM) based on airborne laser scanning (ALS) technology to map relics of mining activities in West Bohemia. The Czech Office for Surveying, Mapping and Cadastre started in 2008 project for terrain mapping using the ALS method. The aim of mapping was to get authentic and detailed DTM of the Czech Republic. About 2/3 of area is currently covered by the DTM based on ALS, this year the mapping should be complete. The dataset is characterised by the density of 1–2 points/m2 and the standard deviation in altitude of model points is up to 30 cm (in forested areas). We had DTM in form of shaded surface for one third of the Czech Republic. The shaded surface enables to highlight terrain break lines, which is suitable for archaeological research. Terrain modifications caused by human activity are characterized by terrain break lines, local tops or pits, which do not fit to local geomorphology. Visual image interpretation of the dataset is in the process.
ACQUIRE HIGH QUALITY MESHES OF SCALE MODELS FOR AN AUTOMATIC MODELLING PROCESS
Authors: Giraud F. , Jacquot K. , Chevrier C. , Halin G.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Urban scale models depicting whole towns such as the hundred-scale model collection known as plans-reliefs are a valuable source of information of cities and their surroundings. These physical representations of French strongholds from the 17th through the 19th century suffer from many problems that are, among other things, wear and tear or the lack of visibility and accessibility. A virtual collection would allow remote accessibility for visitors as well as history researchers. Moreover, it may also be linked to other digital collections and therefore, promote the collection to make people come to the museums to see the physical scale models. We also work on other physical town scale models like Epinal for which the scale is a bit higher. In a first part, we define a protocol for acquiring 3D meshes of town scale models from both photogrammetric and scanning methods. Then we compare the results of both methods The photogrammetric protocol has been elaborated by choosing the most accurate software, 123DCatch, which asks for about 60 pictures, and defining the settings needed to obtain exploitable photographs. In the same way, we defined the devices and settings needed for the laser scan acquisition method. In a second part, we segment the 3D meshes in planes by using Geomagic, which has been chosen between several programs, for its accurate resulting geometry.
LAAS GEEL (SOMALILAND): 5000 YEAR-OLD PAINTINGS CAPTURED IN 3D
Authors: Grenier L. , Antoniotti P. , Hamon G. , Happe D.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Discovered in 2002 by a French archaeology team conducted by Prof. X. Gutherz, Laas Geel (Somaliland), is probably one of the most remarkable archaeological site in the horn of Africa. Located in an isolated arid region, it is made of natural rocky shelters on which hundreds of colored paintings still remain in a particularly good state of conservation. The first studies achieved in the last decade let suppose that they are 5000 years old. After several studying and exploring expeditions, a 3Ddigitizing campaign has been carried out by Art Graphique et Patrimoine, under the direction of X. Gutherz, with the support of the cultural service of the French Embassy in Djibouti. The project was focused on three main goals: production of a high accuracy 3D-documentation for scientific needs, archiving the 3D digital print recorded on site for the conservation and the saving of this heritage, and finally diffusing the results throughout various kinds of media to reveal the site to the public, insisting on its vulnerability.
RECORDS REACHING RECORDING DATA TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: Gresik G. W. L. , Siebe S. , Drewello R.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The goal of RECORDS (Reaching Recording Data Technologies) is the digital capturing of buildings and cultural heritage objects in hard-to-reach areas and the combination of data. It is achieved by using a modified crane from film industry, which is able to carry different measuring systems. The low-vibration measurement should be guaranteed by a gyroscopic controlled advice that has been , developed for the project. The data were achieved by using digital photography, UV-fluorescence photography, infrared reflectography, infrared thermography and shearography. Also a terrestrial 3D laser scanner and a light stripe topography scanner have been used The combination of the recorded data should ensure a complementary analysis of monuments and buildings.
THE DOCUMENTATION OF HISTORIC MAPS OF WORLD HERITAGE SITE CITY SUZHOU
Authors: Guangwei Z.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Documentation and analysis of historic maps enhance understanding of temporal and spatial interactions between events and the evolution of physical canals upon which they occurred. And the challenge of this work lies on carefully sifting of information through the maps drawn with relative accuracy by traditional cartographical principles before the emergence of scientific survey. This research project focuses on sorting out the evolution of historic city Suzhou in a spatio-temporal view. The investigation was conducted through an in-depth analysis of historic maps. Re-projection of the geographical elements of the city to one single georeference, that is to say a standard map BASE, help acquiring an actual sense of the scale and facilitate the recognition of the city's evolution in clear details. It is an important contribution of this thesis in coordination of variously distorted geographical information contained in nineteen periods span from 1229 to 2013 into a single research resource. Through the work both quantitative and qualitative, a clear vision of the evolution and characteristics of the urban structure of ancient Suzhou is achieved. Meanwhile, in the process of projecting the historical geometrical information onto the topographic map, historical bibliographic and cartographic records is key to the data coordination and readjustment, this inspire as well on the cautious utilization of historical materials from ancient time in the recording, documentation work.
MAP OF NASCA GEOGLYPHS
Authors: Hanzalová K. , Pavelka K.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The Czech Technical University in Prague in the cooperation with the University of Applied Sciences in Dresden (Germany) work on the Nasca Project. The cooperation started in 2004 and much work has been done since then. All work is connected with Nasca lines in southern Peru. The Nasca project started in 1995 and its main target is documentation and conservation of the Nasca lines. Most of the project results are presented as WebGIS application via Internet. In the face of the impending destruction of the soil drawings, it is possible to preserve this world cultural heritage for the posterity at least in a digital form. Creating of Nasca lines map is very useful. The map is in a digital form and it is also available as a paper map. The map contains planimetric component of the map, map lettering and altimetry. Thematic folder in this map is a vector layer of the geoglyphs in Nasca/Peru. Basis for planimetry are georeferenced satellite images, altimetry is created from digital elevation model. This map was created in ArcGis software.
VIRTUAL HERITAGE ARCHIVES: BUILDING A CENTRALIZED AUSTRALIAN ROCK ART ARCHIVE
Authors: Haubt R. A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This paper examines use of multi-media in the curation, presentation and promotion of rock art. It discusses the construction of a centralised Australian rock art database and explores new technologies available for looking at rock art. In 2011, Prof. Taçon Chair in Rock Art Research and Director of PERAHU (Place, Evolution and Rock Art Heritage Unit) called for a national rock art database raising awareness of the importance of preserving rock art as part of Australia's valuable Indigenous heritage (Taçon, 2011). Australia has over 100,000 rock art sites, important heritage places for Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians and a testament to over 10,000 years of human activity, including interactions with other peoples and the environment. Many of these sites have not been documented or recorded and are threatened by natural and cultural agents. It is becoming increasingly important to develop conservation models for the protection and preservation of sites. Indigenous cultural heritage is difficult to manage on a local government level due to complex human / time / environment relationships and the importance of intangible cultural heritage (SoE SEWPAC, 2011). Currently no centralised database system exists in Australia to curate, present and promote rock art.
CONCEPTS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR A COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR HISTORICAL RESEARCH AND HERITAGE DOCUMENTATION
Authors: Henze F. , Magdalinski N. , Schwarzbach F. , Schulze A. , Gerth Ph. , Schäfer F.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Information systems play an important role in historical research as well as in heritage documentation. As part of a joint research project of the German Archaeological Institute, the Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus and the Dresden University of Applied Sciences a web-based documentation system is currently being developed, which can easily be adapted to the needs of different projects with individual scientific concepts, methods and questions. Based on open source and standardized technologies it will focus on open and well-documented interfaces to ease the dissemination and re-use of its content via web-services and to communicate with desktop applications for further evaluation and analysis. Core of the system is a generic data model that represents a wide range of topics and methods of archaeological work. By the provision of a concerted amount of initial themes and attributes a cross project analysis of research data will be possible. The development of enhanced search and retrieval functionalities will simplify the processing and handling of large heterogeneous data sets. To achieve a high degree of interoperability with existing external data, systems and applications, standardized interfaces will be integrated. The analysis of spatial data shall be possible through the integration of web-based GIS functions. As an extension to this, customized functions for storage, processing and provision of 3D geo data are being developed. As part of the contribution system requirements and concepts will be presented and discussed. A particular focus will be on introducing the generic data model and the derived database schema. The research work on enhanced search and retrieval capabilities will be illustrated by prototypical developments, as well as concepts and first implementations for an integrated 2D/3D Web-GIS.
APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATED SURVEY FOR HISTORICAL HERITAGE'S KNOWLEDGE: DIGITAL MODELING OF THE VILLA RUFOLO'S MOORISH CLOISTER IN RAVELLO
Authors: Iannizzaro V. , Messina B. , Cundari M. R.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Within a more general research topic, with reference to the possibilities offered by new technologies in terms of documentation and knowledge of the historical architectural heritage, it is interesting to test the utility of a congruent use of several detection techniques; and is not meant as pure addition but as integration of systems, to each other complementary. With specific reference to the survey's techniques, analyzing for each methodology the definition of general and specific checking's procedures of the results' correctness, we intend to test the possibility of an integrated use of these, especially in complex architectures. An interesting field of application of the proposed methodology was the cloister of Villa Rufolo in Ravello, in Amalfi Coast, in which fragments of the past, more or less intact, coexist along with structures built in later periods. Here, various survey's methods have been applied – topographic, photogrammetric, laser scanners – each in reference to their own specificities. The obtained data from each application were then correlated, thanks to the presence of a points' network that allow the integration of information, at first separately processed. The 3d model, generated by the union of each processed part, was then the starting point for the elaboration of an infographic space that is an important step of documentation. In fact, critically interpreting the previously acquired data, we can imagine to make accessible, albeit virtually, the lost space, digitally reconstructing its original architectural shapes. The research has led to particularly significant outcomes, in terms of techniques' integration and, also, validation of each used method for the digital documentation.
VALIDATING PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ORIENTATION STEPS BY THE USE OF RELEVANT THEORETICAL MODELS. IMPLEMENTATION IN THE "ARPENTEUR" FRAMEWORK
Authors: Mahiddine A. , Seinturier J. , Peloso D. , Boulaassal H. , Boï J.-M. , Merad D. , Drap P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The new advance in photogrammetry using the automatic procedures such as the famous algorithm which was proposed by David Lowe (Lowe, 2004) features descriptors and matching (SIFT) and then the recent development of external orientation (Nister (Stewenius et alii, 2006) or Snavely (Snavely et alii, 2010)) have changed drastically the way of measuring space with photogrammetry. The complexity of the process and the huge quantity of processed data (thousands of photographs) makes difficult validating the different process steps. We propose in this paper several theoretical model generation methods in order to validate the complete photogrammetric orientation process. A theoretical photogrammetric model generation has been developed in order to produce photographs, photo orientation, 3D points and 2D observations according to some defined camera and a parametric photograph distribution in the scene. In addition the use of synthesis image software generation as POV-Ray allow us to generate set of photographs with pre-computed internal and external orientation in order to check the whole pipeline from feature extraction to Photographs External Orientation. We apply this model generation approach to several typical geometry of photogrammetric scene, stereo, parallel triplet, parallel strip and convergent models.
2D/3D semantic annotation towards a set of spatially-oriented photographs
Authors: Manuel A. , Stefani C. , De Luca L. , Veron P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. In the domain of conservation and promotion of cultural heritage, the development of new information technologies offers new tools for sharing knowledge on heritage building. These tools are destined to help experts to enrich and access information about buildings. This article proposes an approach allowing the automatic transfer of annotations in a set of spatially-oriented photographs (whose positions and orientations in space are estimated) by using 3D information. First of all, an automated image-based 3D reconstruction method produces 3D information (specifically 3D coordinates) by processing photographs of the set. Then, the process of annotations' transfer between images uses this generated 3D information. Finally, this process allows the implementation of the annotations modification. As a consequence, this process provides a simple way to annotate blocs of images all at once instead of one by one.
NON-INVASIVE SURVEY OF OLD PAINTINGS USING VNIR HYPERSPECTRAL SENSOR
Authors: Matouskova E. , Pavelka K. , Svadlenkova Z.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Hyperspectral imaging is relatively new method developed primarily for army applications with respect to detection of possible chemical weapon existence and as an efficient assistant for a geological survey. The method is based on recording spectral profile for many hundreds of narrow spectral band. The technique gives full spectral curve of explored pixel which is an unparalleled signature of pixels material. Spectral signatures can then be compared with pre-defined spectral libraries or they can be created with respect to application. A new project named "New Modern Methods of Non-invasive Survey of Historical Site Objects" started at CTU in Prague with the New Year. The project is designed for 4 years and is funded by the Ministry of Culture in the Czech Republic. It is focused on material and chemical composition, damage diagnostics, condition description of paintings, images, construction components and whole structure object analysis in cultural heritage domain. This paper shows first results of the project on painting documentation field as well as used instrument. Hyperspec VNIR by Headwall Photonics was used for this analysis. It operates in the spectral range between 400 and 1000 nm. Comparison with infrared photography is discussed. The goal of this contribution is a non-destructive deep exploration of specific paintings. Two original 17th century paintings by Flemish authors Thomas van Apshoven ("On the Road") and David Teniers the Younger ("The Interior of a Mill") were chosen for the first analysis with a kind permission of academic painter Mr. M. Martan. Both paintings oil painted on wooden panel. This combination was chosen because of the possibility of underdrawing visualization which is supposed to be the most uncomplicated painting combination for this type of analysis.
DOCUMENTATION PROJECT FOR THE HISTORICAL GARDEN COMPLEX OF MOFAKHAM IN BOJNOURD – IRAN
Authors: Mehralizadeh S.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The historical garden complex of Mofakham was built in the late nineteenth century as a formal pavilion garden in the city of Bojnourd in north-east Iran for the Persian monarch's local governor (hakem) of the time. At least five main buildings and other secondary buildings of the garden complex have disappeared over the years. Although the surrounding context has changed totally, the axial route of the garden and two buildings of the complex remain. The documentation includes: 1. A precise two dimensional map of the complex (Figures 1–3), 2. A number of three dimensional images based on total 3D making (Images 4–5), 3. A 1/150 model
POINT CLOUD METRICS FOR SEPARATING STANDING ARCHAEOLOGICAL REMAINS AND LOW VEGETATION IN ALS DATA
Authors: Opitz R. , Nuninger L.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. The integration of Airborne Laser Scanning survey into archaeological research and cultural heritage management has substantially added to our knowledge of archaeological remains in forested areas, and is changing our understanding of how these landscapes functioned in the past. While many types of archaeological remains manifest as micro-topography, several important classes of features commonly appear as standing remains. The identification of these remains is important for archaeological prospection surveys based on ALS data, and typically represent structures from the Roman, Medieval and early Modern periods. Standing structures in mixed scenes with vegetation are not well addressed by standard classification approaches developed to identify bare earth (terrain), individual trees or plot characteristics, or buildings (roofed structures). In this paper we propose an approach to the identification of these structures in the point cloud based on multi-scale measures of local density, roughness, and normal orientation. We demonstrate this approach using discrete-return ALS data collected in the Franche-Comte region of France at a nominal point density of 8 pts/m2, a resolution which, in coming years, will become increasingly available to archaeologists through government supported mapping schemes.
ANCIENT ROME WORLDWIDE LINKS: SHARING KNOWLEDGE TO PRESERVE THE ROOTS
Authors: Paolini P. , Allegrini Simonetti F. , Forti G. , Corrao A.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. Following the collaboration agreement between the SAPIENZA, S.D.R.A. Department and the "Collectivité territoriale de Corse, secteur Archéologie", this project tried to set, accomplished on the archaeological site of the ancient roman city of Aléria, a complex program of selected dataset structured for many different uses and fruitions. As for any kind of survey, the initial project definition, described in this paper, constitutes the most delicate part of the work, in this instance a certain additional significance it has to be given to it, cause of the multiple interests focalized on the Aléria site, where a new digging season is expected after a sixty years long interruption. The process can be synthesized as follows: various surveying technologies were applied on the site, as 3D Laser scanning, Topography, and GPS; Dense Stereo Matching was accomplished on a sample object there excavated and actually exposed in the local Carcopino Museum, while Computational Photography techniques were realized on an object exposed in Rome in the Etruscan Museum of "Villa Giulia" as the other twin found and exposed in Aléria, to be a purpose for future collaborations. A GIS and WEBGIS workflow followed, using a specific application in its latest version, thus collecting all of the actual and previous documents, providing to build up a complete 3D geo-database with a space and time referenced 3D Web scene to share in the GIS online Cloud Platform. These applied procedures aim to spread the complex results, articulated in different sets on the social media world.
CLOUD GIS AND 3D MODELLING TO ENHANCE SARDINIAN LATE GOTHIC ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE
Authors: Pisu C. , Casu P.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This work proposes the documentation, virtual reconstruction and spreading of architectural heritage through the use of software packages that operate in cloud computing. Cloud computing makes available a variety of applications and tools which can be effective both for the preparation and for the publication of different kinds of data. We tested the versatil ity and ease of use of such documentation tools in order to study a particular architectural phenomenon. The ultimate aim is to develop a multi-scale and multi-layer information system, oriented to the divulgation of Sardinian late gothic architecture. We tested the applications on portals of late Gothic architecture in Sardinia. The actions of conservation, protection and enhancement of cultural heritage are all founded on the social function that can be reached only through the widest possible fruition by the community. The applications of digital technologies on cultural heritage can contribute to the construction of effective communication models that, relying on sensory and emotional involvement of the viewer, can attract a wider audience to cultural content.
FACTS AND NARRATIVE - THE CONCEPT OF 4D CAPTURING OF HERITAGE BUILDING; A CASE STUDY OF SOMPUR MAHAVIHARA, BANGLADESH
Authors: Rashid Md. M. , Rahaman H.
Published: July 2013

Abstract. This study embarked upon a premise that considers architecture of building as a dynamic phenomenon. A building from its conception is susceptible to change due to various reasons. An historical building that is several hundred years old must have undergone through changes due to political, social, religious and most importantly functional reasons. Hence capturing building and its dynamic evolution is necessary to appreciate its architecture as well as its heritage value. Whereas the conventional method of fact based historiography only captures the building in particular moment. It makes architectural historians to become perplexed over to which particular moment to be documented. It is a great challenge for the architectural historians to bring back these dynamic characters of the building that are mostly inconspicuous in nature from this point of time. In this situation the historical discourse also remains elusive and blurred. The idea of 4d capturing comes in front in this scenario. Current research would venture into this emerging idea to record the architecture of the early period. This paper highlights the need for a flexible tool to capture this dynamic character of the building. By citing the case study of the 7th century Buddhist Monastery in Bengal, this paper thus argues for the need of capturing the narrative of a historical building than the facts to get a complete picture of its architecture. This study aims at capturing the narrative of Sompur Mahavihara, the UNESCO World Heritage site in Bangladesh, which is currently in ruinous condition. However, it's few hundred years life suggests that as architecture it was subject to change due to different reasons, mainly political, religious and rituals. Being a monument that belongs to the flourishing phase of a society, traditionally this monastery architecture certainly played a role as a stage for religious and political pageantry as well as different religious performances. As architecture it works as complex process of interaction of different layers of ideas, agendas and authorship through time. This paper would further explore different tools for historians to capturing this process of interaction and preserving/ conserving the narrative of this building using virtual modelling.