bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building a food sovereign society through indigenous forest establishment policy
Authors: Mayastuti A , Jamin M , Purwadi H
Published: December 2022

The development of multicomplex food sovereignty necessitates a multisectoral approach, which requires cross-sectoral coordination on the part of the government as the policymaker in the food sector in order to build effective food security at the national level in Indonesia. The goal of this research is to encourage the Indonesian government to build a local food system through empowering local farmers especially indigenous peoples after the establishment of customary forests. The research is doctrinal legal research with a statutory approach using the hermeneutic interpretation method. The results showed that the participation of regional food agencies remains minimal in reality. This institutional crisis within the government’s food sovereignty agencies, coupled with a lack of political commitment and political will, has implications for the failure of food security programs in Indonesia. In order to achieve food sovereignty in Indonesia, Constitutional Court Decision No. 25/PUU-X/2012 becomes the primary basis for strengthening the rights of indigenous communities over indigenous forest ownership. Food sovereignty can only be reached by mastering green technology that fits the needs of indigenous peoples and is based on their traditional ways of doing things so that a follow-up policy that favors indigenous peoples is needed.
The impact of the Russia-Ukrainian war on green energy financing in Europe
Authors: Saktiawan B , Juan Suam Toro M , Saputro N
Published: December 2022

The energy crisis started because of the war between Russia and Ukraine and European countries’ imposition of economic sanctions. Russia supplies 40% of gas and 25% of crude oil to most European countries. In retaliation for the sanctions, Russia required the purchase of its gas and oil in its ruble. However, this policy was rejected by European countries, resulting in reduced energy supply as the price of gas and oil rose. European countries are trying to reduce Russia’s energy dependence by looking for environmentally friendly energy alternatives. As the first step, European countries increase the budget for developing environmentally friendly energy. This paper use data from the European Commission (EC), Eurostat, Greenmatch, and the World Bank. The author finds that European countries have increased the budget for developing and using environmentally friendly energy to remove the dependence on gas and oil energy from Russia. European countries believe that environmentally friendly energy can become the primary energy resource in the future.
Effect of various photoperiods towards lollo bionda growth using IoT based lighting control for indoor hydroponic farming system
Authors: Shafie A M M , Azlan A , Sariman M Z , Mustafa M M B , Sulaiman H , Fairuz K
Published: December 2022

Sustainable agriculture is actively developed to ensure food security which is a major threat to the world population in 2050 as projected by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The increasingly limited agricultural land nowadays makes indoor farming the best. Indoor farming is the method of growing crops in vertically stacked layers by implementing hydroponic and artificial light. Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) have been widely used to mimic sunlight for plant growth. However, every plant growth depends on the difference optimal value of light quality (light spectrums) and quantity (photoperiod). This study investigates the effect of light exposure on Lollo Bionda growth and determines which growing environment will provide optimum results in growing Lollo Bionda. This study conducted four types of experiments with different photoperiod treatments, namely T1 (no light exposure), T2 (24 hours), T3 (18 hours) and T4 (12 hours), with six replicates. The results show significant differences between each treatment mean. T2 provides the most significant result for all parameters compared to other treatments. In summary, light exposure helps in the productivity consistency in terms of weight, height and average leaf size of Lollo Bionda. This finding can be beneficial to the small-medium size entrepreneur.
Land function transfer: The transformation of agriculture land to agriculture tourism sites in Polobogo, Semarang
Authors: Wijayanto N , Agfianto T , Najicha F U , Nugroho A A
Published: December 2022

Polobogo is one of villages in Semarang Regency that has begun using their land asset for tourism activities. It is because the agricultural activities that have been carried out so far have not significantly impacted either the government as the owner or the community in general. The income only receives from the annual harvest, which is still far from sufficient in nominal terms. Therefore, the stakeholders try to use the land as a tourist attraction with the concept of agro-tourism. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of Polobogo village to be used as an agro-tourism attraction by utilizing its natural resources. The approach in this study uses descriptive qualitative where direct observation, in-depth interviews, study documentations, and literature review are used to answer the existing problems. The data obtained were processed using the triangulation method. The study results indicate that Polobogo Village has good tourism potential, which can be seen from its several natural resources. The consolidation of the village government and the community needs to be done more intensely in order to create a more optimal tourism industry. Planning documents, village regulations or village head decrees, related to business management must be formed to improve agro-tourism utilization.
Pari Klegung ‘The River Whisper’ in Kulon Progo Indonesia eco friendly study (local potential as an environmentally friendly effort)
Authors: Studyanto Anung B , Purwasito Andrik , Warto  , Widayat Rahmanu
Published: December 2022

On the banks of the Klegung River, often known as ‘The River Whisper’, in the Kulon Progo district of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, is a brand-new culinary tourism destination called Pari Klegung. The idea behind the construction of Pari Klegung was to bring people and environment closer together. This article serves as an introductory study, using Pari Klegung ‘The River Whisper’ as an example of an ecologically friendly design observation. The following research will use more thorough methodologies and information. In addition to conducting interviews with respondents, this research method makes use of architectural and environmental observation techniques. Pari Klegung is distinctive due to the land’s organic shape, which follows the existing terrain’s contours, attempts to conserve greenery, a predominance of local materials in structures, an display of river cultural relics as a celebration of local culture, and participation of locals in management. Pari Klegung ‘The River Whisper’, created by Eko Prawoto, can serve as an example of how to incorporate environmentally friendly building practices in a freshly constructed setting, with ecological elements playing a significant role in it. As part of an endeavor to increase the presence of local potential, provide value and advantages to the neighborhood of Pari Klegung.
Repeatability and most probable producing ability of egg weight and one-day-old chick weight in Merawang chicken
Authors: Solekah S , Sari A P Z N L , Saraswati Y V , Sasongko H , Maharani D
Published: December 2022

Local Indonesian chicken from Bangka Belitung is known as Merawang. This chicken has dual purposes as a meat and egg producer. The objective of this study was to determine the repeatability and most probable producing ability (MPPA) of Merawang chicken’s egg weight and one-day-old chick (DOC) weight. 72 pullet Merawang chickens were raised in single bird cages and their egg weight was checked at 36-38 and 56-58 weeks. The DOC was weighed after the eggs were hatched. The rptR package and the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) method were utilized to estimate the repeatability. At 36-38 and 56-58 weeks, the average egg weight was 46.435.44 and 52.146.15, respectively. Meanwhile, the average DOC weight at 36-38 and 56-58 weeks were 31.92±4.54 and 35.40±4.36, respectively. The result showed that at 36-38 and 56-58 weeks, the repeatability of egg weight was 0.77±0.05 and 0.69±0.05, whereas the DOC weight was 0.84±0.04 and 0.64±0.07. The average MPPA ranges based on egg and DOC weights were 46.51-52.23 and 31.97-35.52, respectively. The pullets with MPPA above the average were 38.46%-50.72% (egg weight) and 48.94%-56% (DOC weight). The results from this study can be used for selecting the Merawang pullet.
The effect of collaboration between elements for the progress of rubber cooperatives in Riau Province, Indonesia
Authors: Rahmadani E , Khoiriah  , Maryani A T
Published: December 2022

The rubber cooperative is an important agency to support the economy of the rubber farmer groups in Riau Province. But the number of active cooperative decline since 2014 - 2020. The goal of this study is to assess the aspect of collaboration between elements against cooperative progress. This research was examined both inactive and active cooperatives as a comparison. The chosen locations are the largest rubber producer in Riau Province namely, Kuantan Singingi Regency and Kampar Regency. The samples were taken by purposive sampling with amount of 300 people representing 150 from active cooperative and 150 from inactive one. The research samples were the elements of the rubber farmer cooperative consisting members, management, supervisors and employees. The data was carried out by structured and in-depth interviews. The collaboration was studied based on the interaction between cooperative elements with 8 indicators. The value resulted from the active rubber cooperative in this parameters is good-very good (76.10% -82.80%). In contrast, inactive cooperatives obtain very bad – good enough (20.00% - 60.00%). The main problems in inactive cooperatives come from the interactions between members and employees (X3), management with employees (X5) and supervisors with employees (X6) because all eight indicators have bad scores.
Chromosome of Phaius tankervilleae and Phaius amboinensis Orchid
Authors: Hartati S , Parjanto  , Sukaya  , Muliawati E S , Nandariyah  , Yuniastuti E , Manurung I R , Purmiyoto C W W
Published: December 2022

Phaius tankervilleae and Phaius amboinensis orchids are decorative orchids that have great ornamental value and are classified as endangered plants. Genetic information from the Phaius tankervilleae and Phaius amboinensis orchids will facilitate plant breeding as a basis information to obtain improvements in ornamental plant properties. The purpose of chromosome analysis is to determine the shape, number, and size of chromosomes. The research was conducted at the Cytology Laboratory of the LIPI Biology Research Center, Bogor, West Java. The results of the observations were analyzed descriptively based on the observation of the chromosome images from the photo shoot and the data on the size and shape of the chromosomes. It is known that the Phaius tankervillae has a chromosome number of 2n=2x=44 and Phaius amboinensis has a chromosome number of 2n=2x=46. The average length of the long arm of the Phaius tankervillae chromosome was 1.25 ± 0.45 μm with the short arm of 1.13 ± 0.43 μm. The long arm length of the Phaius amboinensis orchid chromosome is 1.25 ± 0.44 μm with the short arm 1.06 ± 0.37 μm. Phaius tankervillae and Phaius amboinensis both have metacentric chromosomes meta.
MDSCs in pregnancy and pregnancy-related complications: an update
Authors: Shah Neelam Kumari , Xu Peng , Shan Yanhong , Chen Chen , Xie Min , Li Yan , Meng Yizi , Shu Chang , Dong Shuai , He Jin
Published: December 2022

Maternal–fetal immune tolerance is a process that involves complex interactions of the immune system, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells have emerged as one of the novel immunomodulator in the maintenance of maternal-fetal immune tolerance. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells are myeloid progenitor cells with immunosuppressive activities on both innate and adaptive cells through various mechanisms. Emerging evidence demonstrates the accumulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells during healthy pregnancy to establish maternal–fetal immune tolerance, placentation, and fetal–growth process. By contrast, the absence or decreased myeloid-derived suppressor cells in pregnancy complications like preeclampsia, preterm birth, stillbirth, and recurrent spontaneous abortion have been reported. Here, we have summarized the origin, mechanisms, and functions of myeloid-derived suppressor cells during pregnancy along with the recent advancements in this dynamic field. We also shed light on the immunomodulatory activity of myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which can be a foundation for potential therapeutic manipulation in immunological pregnancy complications.
Decreased B7-H3 promotes unexplained recurrent miscarriage via RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway and regulates the secretion of decidual NK cells
Authors: Zhang Donghai , Yu Yongsheng , Ding Chuanfeng , Zhang Ruonan , Duan Tao , Zhou Qian
Published: December 2022

The cause for at least 50% of recurrent miscarriages is unclear, which is defined as unexplained recurrent miscarriages. The B7-H1 (PD-L1), a molecule of the B7 family, promotes tumor development by modulating immune evasion, and recent researchers have also attached importance to the role of B7-H3, another molecule of B7 family, in tumor. Based on the similarity between growth and immune response in tumors and pregnancy, we first explored the role of B7-H3 in unexplained recurrent miscarriages. We found reduced levels of B7-H3 in the villus tissue of unexplained recurrent miscarriage patients, and it was mainly expressed on the cell membrane of extravillous trophoblasts. Further, the HTR-8/SVneo and JEG-3 cells were selected to explore the role of B7-H3 in proliferation, apoptosis, tube formation, migration, and invasion. We found that B7-H3 regulated trophoblast migration and invasion via RhoA/ROCK2 signaling pathway. Inflammatory cytokines were detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after co-culturing with decidual natural killer cells and B7-H3-knockout JEG-3. Results showed that B7-H3 inhibited IL-8 and IP-10 secretion from the decidual natural killer cells. In a CBA/J × DBA/2 abortion-prone mice model, treatment with B7-H3-Fc protein successfully reduced the rate of embryo resorption. In conclusion, our results revealed a possible mechanism by which decreased B7-H3 on trophoblasts of unexplained recurrent miscarriages inhibited trophoblast migration and invasion and increased IL-8 and IP-10 secretion from the decidual natural killer cells. Furthermore, B7-H3 may be a promising new therapeutic target in unexplained recurrent miscarriage patients.
Comparison of Proteomic Measurements Across Platforms in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Rooney Mary R , Chen Jingsha , Ballantyne Christie M , Hoogeveen Ron C , Tang Olive , Grams Morgan E , Tin Adrienne , Ndumele Chiadi E , Zannad Faiez , Couper David J , Tang Weihong , Selvin Elizabeth , Coresh Josef
Published: December 2022

Background

The plasma proteome can be quantified using different types of highly multiplexed technologies, including aptamer-based and proximity-extension immunoassay methods. There has been limited characterization of how these protein measurements correlate across platforms and with absolute measures from targeted immunoassays.

Methods

We assessed the comparability of (a) highly multiplexed aptamer-based (SomaScan v4; Somalogic) and proximity-extension immunoassay (OLINK Proseek® v5003; Olink) methods in 427 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study participants (Visit 5, 2011–2013), and (b) 18 of the SomaScan protein measurements against targeted immunoassays in 110 participants (55 cardiovascular disease cases, 55 controls). We calculated Spearman correlations (r) between the different measurements and compared associations with case-control status.

Results

There were 417 protein comparisons (366 unique proteins) between the SomaScan and Olink platforms. The average correlation was r = 0.46 (range: −0.21 to 0.97; 79 [19%] with r ≥ 0.8). For the comparison of SomaScan and targeted immunoassays, 6 of 18 assays (growth differentiation factor 15 [GDF15], interleukin-1 receptor-like 1 [ST2], interstitial collagenase [MMP1], adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) had good correlations (r ≥ 0.8), 2 had modest correlations (0.5 ≤ r < 0.8; osteopontin and interleukin-6 [IL6]), and 10 were poorly correlated (r < 0.5; metalloproteinase inhibitor 1 [TIMP1], stromelysin-1 [MMP3], matrilysin [MMP7], C-C motif chemokine 2 [MCP1], interleukin-10 [IL10], vascular cell adhesion protein 1 [VCAM1], intercellular adhesion molecule 1 [ICAM1], interleukin-18 [IL18], tumor necrosis factor [TNFα], and visfatin) overall. Correlations for SomaScan and targeted immunoassays were similar according to case status.

Conclusions

There is variation in the quantitative measurements for many proteins across aptamer-based and proximity-extension immunoassays (approximately 1/2 showing good or modest correlation and approximately 1/2 poor correlation) and also for correlations of these highly multiplexed technologies with targeted immunoassays. Design and interpretation of protein quantification studies should be informed by the variation across measurement techniques for each protein.
Provocative testing using low dose oral flecainide for diagnosis of Brugada syndrome: a report of two cases
Authors: Amir Muzakkir , Kabo Peter , Rahma Iznaeny
Published: December 2022

Background

Brugada syndrome (BrS) is a genetic disease characterized by coved ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads that predispose to life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmia. The electrocardiographic signature is dynamic and often concealed but can be unmasked by potent sodium channel blockers such as Flecainide. Some studies have evaluated the effectivity of oral Flecainide 400 mg for provocative testing, but clinical utility of lower dose Flecainide (300 mg) has never been documented.

Case summary

These two cases illustrate the effectiveness of low dose oral Flecainide to unmask Brugada electrocardiographic pattern. In our patients, diagnostic type 1 electrocardiography started to develop 30 min after drug administration and reached maximal positivity at 3.5–4.5 h. No atrioventricular block or ventricular arrhythmia was observed during the procedures.

Discussion

A potent sodium channel blocker facilitates marked reduction of the right ventricle epicardial action potential, which creates a transmural voltage dispersion and manifests as an ST elevation in the right precordial leads. Time to positivity was comparably rapid, and time to maximal ST-elevation appeared close to peak plasma level of Flecainide (ranging from 1 to 6 h). Although asymptomatic patients have a low rate of adverse cardiac events, it is crucial to inform patients to avoid various modulators and precipitating factors that could trigger malignant arrhythmias.
Techniques improving electrical cardioversion success for patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Nguyen Stephanie T , Belley-Côté Emilie P , Ibrahim Omar , Um Kevin J , Lengyel Alexandra , Adli Taranah , Qiu Yuan , Wong Michael , Sibilio Serena , Benz Alexander P , Wolf Alex , Whitlock Nicola J , Gabriel Acosta Juan , Healey Jeff S , Baranchuk Adrian , McIntyre William F
Published: December 2022

Aims

Electrical cardioversion is commonly used to restore sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), but procedural technique and clinical success vary. We sought to identify techniques associated with electrical cardioversion success for AF patients.

Methods and results

We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and the grey literature from inception to October 2022. We abstracted data on initial and cumulative cardioversion success. We pooled data using random-effects models. From 15 207 citations, we identified 45 randomized trials and 16 observational studies. In randomized trials, biphasic when compared with monophasic waveforms resulted in higher rates of initial [16 trials, risk ratio (RR) 1.71, 95% CI 1.29–2.28] and cumulative success (18 trials, RR 1.10, 95% CI 1.04–1.16). Fixed, high-energy (≥200 J) shocks when compared with escalating energy resulted in a higher rate of initial success (four trials, RR 1.62, 95% CI 1.33–1.98). Manual pressure when compared with no pressure resulted in higher rates of initial (two trials, RR 2.19, 95% CI 1.21–3.95) and cumulative success (two trials, RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.06–1.34). Cardioversion success did not differ significantly for other interventions, including: antero-apical/lateral vs. antero-posterior positioned pads (initial: 11 trials, RR 1.16, 95% CI 0.97–1.39; cumulative: 14 trials, RR 1.01, 95% CI 0.96–1.06); rectilinear/pulsed biphasic vs. biphasic truncated exponential waveform (initial: four trials, RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.91–1.34; cumulative: four trials, RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.89–1.08) and cathodal vs. anodal configuration (cumulative: two trials, RR 0.99, 95% CI 0.92–1.07).

Conclusions

Biphasic waveforms, high-energy shocks, and manual pressure increase the success of electrical cardioversion for AF. Other interventions, especially pad positioning, require further study.
What Do Think Tanks Think? Proximity to Power and Foreign Policy Preferences
Authors: Hanania Richard , Abrahms Max
Published: December 2022

Through the use of survey methods, the study presents the first systematic comparison of America-based international relations professors to think tank employees (TTEs) in terms of their preferred conduct of the United States in international affairs. The difference between the two groups in their support for military intervention is stark. TTEs are 0.47 standard deviations more hawkish than professors based on a standard measure of militant internationalism (MI). Controlling for self-described ideology mitigates this effect although it remains statistically significant. Beyond quantifying their relative foreign policy preferences, this study helps to resolve why TTEs tend to assume more hawkish policies. The authors find evidence that hawkishness is associated with proximity to power. Professors who have worked for the federal government score higher on MI, as do TTEs based at institutions located closer to Capitol Hill. In general, the results point to a self-selection mechanism whereby those who favor interventionist policies are more likely to pursue positions to increase their policy influence, perhaps because they know that powerful institutions are more likely to hire hawks. Alternative explanations for differences, such as levels or kinds of foreign policy expertise, have weaker empirical support.
Operationalization of Intrinsic Capacity in Older People and Its Association With Subsequent Disability, Hospital Admission and Mortality: Results From The English Longitudinal Study of Ageing
Authors: Campbell Charlotte L , Cadar Dorina , McMunn Anne , Zaninotto Paola
Published: December 2022

Background

Intrinsic capacity (IC) is a new concept in the healthy aging field and has many operationalized definitions. In this study, we operationalized IC using item response theory in the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) and tested the predictive value of the scale using a subsequent functional ability, mortality, and hospital admission.

Methods

IC was measured at baseline (2004, Wave 2) using 14 dichotomous indicators: word recall, orientation in time, balance, chair rises, walking speed, upper mobility, lower mobility, eyesight, hearing, grip strength, body mass index, waist circumference, depressive symptoms, and life satisfaction. A 2-parameter item response theory model was used to generate a scale of IC at baseline. Logistic regression was used for the prediction of subsequent difficulties, measured by difficulties with ≥1 activities of daily living (ADLs) and ≥1 instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) at 4 and 8 years after baseline. Competing risk and Cox regressions were employed to test the prediction of hospital admission and mortality, respectively, over a 14-year follow-up.

Results

IC scores were generated for 4 545 individuals aged on average 70.8 years (standard deviation [SD] 7.93). Better baseline IC scores were associated with reduced risk of subsequent difficulties with ADLs and IADLs, hospital admission (subdistribution hazard ratios [SHR] = 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.98–0.99), and mortality (hazard ratios [HR] = 0.98, 95% CI 0.98–0.99), when adjusted for sociodemographic and health-related covariates.

Conclusion

These results suggest the utility of this IC score as a measure of risk for future adverse outcomes in older people, potentially above that indicated by other sociodemographic and health-related factors.
Life Outside: Pentecostalism, Poverty, and Excess in Haiti
Authors: Lowe Lenny J
Published: December 2022

Based on ethnographic research with a community of independent Pentecostals known in Haiti as “The Heavenly Army,” this article examines the practices and perspectives of these self-proclaimed spiritual warriors against the backdrop of their extreme material poverty. As articulated by Claudette the prophetess, her constant concern about afflicting spirits is specific to her life conditions, a way of living that she describes as “outside.” I first describe the “outsidedness” of Claudette’s and her community’s lives as an experience of marginality, vulnerability, and isolation from power. Then, drawing inspiration from Robert Orsi’s examination of “presence” and Georges Bataille’s notion of “excess,” I propose an approach that takes seriously Claudette’s claims without resorting to models of deprivation and compensation. Instead, I examine poverty not only as an experience of lack but also as one of material and social excess as well as unwelcomed presence. Foregrounding this aspect of poverty illuminates the way that global racialized capitalism and its excesses serve as a compelling meta-context for the study of global Pentecostalism.
Running city game optimizer: a game-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm for global optimization
Authors: Ma Bing , Hu Yongtao , Lu Pengmin , Liu Yonggang
Published: December 2022

As science and technology improve, more and more complex global optimization difficulties arise in real-life situations. Finding the most perfect approximation and optimal solution using conventional numerical methods is intractable. Metaheuristic optimization approaches may be effective in achieving powerful global optimal solutions for these complex global optimization situations. Therefore, this paper proposes a new game-based algorithm called the running city game optimizer (RCGO), which mimics the game participant’s activity of playing the running city game. The RCGO is mathematically established by three newfangled search strategies: siege, defensive, and eliminated selection. The performance of the proposed RCGO algorithm in optimization is comprehensively evaluated on a set of 76 benchmark problems and 8 engineering optimization scenarios. Statistical and comparative results show that RCGO is more competitive with other state-of-the-art competing approaches in terms of solution quality and convergence efficiency, which stems from a proper balance between exploration and exploitation. Additionally, in the case of engineering optimization scenarios, the proposed RCGO is able to deliver superior fitting and occasionally competitive outcomes in optimization applications. Thus, the proposed RCGO is a viable optimization tool to easily and efficiently handle various optimization problems.
Protective Benefits of Tending Ants to a Critically Endangered Butterfly
Authors: Hill Geena M , Trager Matthew D , Lucky Andrea , Daniels Jaret C
Published: December 2022

Ants provide protection to various organisms via myrmecophilous relationships. Most notably, ants and several butterfly species are involved in mainly mutualistic interactions. Previous field studies have shown that butterfly larval survival is increased in the presence of tending ants, suggesting that ants are providing protection against insect predation or parasitism. Here, we conducted a series of timed observational trials under laboratory conditions to assess larval survival and ant protection from insect predators for a myrmecophilous lycaenid butterfly. We focused on a critically endangered butterfly, the Miami blue (Cyclargus thomasi bethunebakeri) (Comstock and Huntington) (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), and its most common ant associate, the Florida carpenter ant (Camponotus floridanus) (Buckley) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), to test this assumption of ant protection. We found that ants provide significant protection to Miami blue larvae, with later instar larvae receiving a higher level of protection due to differences in tending frequencies. These results will aid in informing conservation management and future organism reintroductions for this endangered butterfly.
crescendo: an on-the-fly Fokker–Planck solver for spectral cosmic rays in cosmological simulations
Authors: Böss Ludwig M , Steinwandel Ulrich P , Dolag Klaus , Lesch Harald
Published: December 2022

Non-thermal emission from relativistic cosmic ray (CR) electrons gives insight into the strength and morphology of intra-cluster magnetic fields, as well as providing powerful tracers of structure formation shocks. Emission caused by CR protons on the other hand still challenges current observations and is therefore testing models of proton acceleration at intra-cluster shocks. Large-scale simulations including the effects of CRs have been difficult to achieve and have been mainly reduced to simulating an overall energy budget, or tracing CR populations in post-processing of simulation output and has often been done for either protons or electrons. We introduce crescendo: Cosmic Ray Evolution with SpeCtral Electrons aND prOtons, an efficient on-the-fly Fokker–Planck solver to evolve distributions of CR protons and electrons within every resolution element of our simulation. The solver accounts for CR (re-)acceleration at intra-cluster shocks, based on results of recent particle-in-cell simulations, adiabatic changes, and radiative losses of electrons. We show its performance in test cases as well as idealized galaxy cluster (GC) simulations. We apply the model to an idealized GC merger following best-fitting parameters for CIZA J2242.4 + 5301-1 and study CR injection, radio relic morphology, spectral steepening, and synchrotron emission.
X-ray absorption lines in the warm–hot intergalactic medium: probing Chandra observations with the CAMEL simulations
Authors: Butler Contreras Amanda , Lau Erwin T , Oppenheimer Benjamin D , Bogdán Ákos , Tillman Megan , Nagai Daisuke , Kovács Orsolya E , Burkhart Blakesley
Published: December 2022

Known as the ‘Missing Baryon Problem’, about one-third of baryons in the local universe remain unaccounted for. The missing baryons are thought to reside in the warm–hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) of the cosmic web filaments, which are challenging to detect. Recent Chandra X-ray observations used a novel stacking analysis and detected an O vii absorption line towards the sightline of a luminous quasar, hinting that the missing baryons may reside in the WHIM. To explore how the properties of the O vii absorption line depend on feedback physics, we compare the observational results with predictions obtained from the Cosmology and Astrophysics with MachinE Learning (CAMEL) Simulation suite. CAMELS consists of cosmological simulations with state-of-the-art supernova (SN) and active galactic nuclei (AGNs) feedback models from the IllustrisTNG and SIMBA simulations, with varying strengths. We find that the simulated O vii column densities are higher in the outskirts of galaxies than in the large-scale WHIM, but they are consistently lower than those obtained in the Chandra observations, for all feedback runs. We establish that the O vii distribution is primarily sensitive to changes in the SN feedback prescription, whereas changes in the AGN feedback prescription have minimal impact. We also find significant differences in the O vii column densities between the IllustrisTNG and SIMBA runs. We conclude that the tension between the observed and simulated O vii column densities cannot be explained by the wide range of feedback models implemented in CAMELS.
Biocompatible zinc battery with programmable electro-cross-linked electrolyte
Authors: Xie Xuesong , Li Jingjing , Xing Zhengyue , Lu Bingan , Liang Shuquan , Zhou Jiang
Published: December 2022

Aqueous zinc batteries (ZBs) attract increasing attention for potential applications in modern wearable and implantable devices due to their safety and stability. However, challenges associated with biosafety designs and the intrinsic electrochemistry of ZBs emerge when moving to practice, especially for biomedical devices. Here, we propose a green and programmable electro-cross-linking strategy to in situ prepare a multi-layer hierarchical Zn–alginate polymer electrolyte (Zn–Alg) via the superionic binds between the carboxylate groups and Zn2+. Consequently, the Zn–Alg electrolyte provides high reversibility of 99.65% Coulombic efficiency (CE), >500 h of long-time stability and high biocompatibility (no damage to gastric and duodenal mucosa) in the body. A wire-shaped Zn/Zn–Alg/α-MnO2 full battery affords 95% capacity retention after 100 cycles at 1 A g−1 and good flexibility. The new strategy has three prominent advantages over the conventional methods: (i) the cross-linking process for the synthesis of electrolytes avoids the introduction of any chemical reagents or initiators; (ii) a highly reversible Zn battery is easily provided from a micrometer to large scales through automatic programmable functions; and (iii) high biocompatibility is capable of implanted and bio-integrated devices to ensure body safety.
Machine learning-aided atomic structure identification of interfacial ionic hydrates from AFM images
Authors: Tang Binze , Song Yizhi , Qin Mian , Tian Ye , Wu Zhen Wei , Jiang Ying , Cao Duanyun , Xu Limei
Published: December 2022

Relevant to broad applied fields and natural processes, interfacial ionic hydrates have been widely studied by using ultrahigh-resolution atomic force microscopy (AFM). However, the complex relationship between the AFM signal and the investigated system makes it difficult to determine the atomic structure of such a complex system from AFM images alone. Using machine learning, we achieved precise identification of the atomic structures of interfacial water/ionic hydrates based on AFM images, including the position of each atom and the orientations of water molecules. Furthermore, it was found that structure prediction of ionic hydrates can be achieved cost-effectively by transfer learning using neural network trained with easily available interfacial water data. Thus, this work provides an efficient and economical methodology that not only opens up avenues to determine atomic structures of more complex systems from AFM images, but may also help to interpret other scientific studies involving sophisticated experimental results.
Karius With a Q: Role for Microbial Cell-Free DNA Next-Generation Sequencing in Diagnosis of Acute Q Fever
Authors: Ranganath Nischal , Khodadadi Ryan B , Abu Saleh Omar M
Published: December 2022

The diagnosis of Q fever can be challenging and a high index of suspicion is necessary. Within this case series, we highlight the utility of the microbial cell-free DNA next-generation sequencing or Karius Test in the timely diagnosis and management of acute Q fever.
Understanding water structure and hydrogen association on platinum–electrolyte interface
Authors: Bawari Sumit , Guha Anku , Narayanan Tharangattu N , Mondal Jagannath
Published: December 2022

Platinum (Pt) is a benchmarked catalyst for several electro-catalytic processes, although the complex nature of heterogeneous charge transfer processes at the Pt–electrolyte interface hinders an atomistic-level understanding of the electrodics. In this study, we aim to capture the chemical changes of Pt surfaces brought on by an applied potential, which can probe the catalytic efficacy under varying applied bias. Through a combined experimental and reactive molecular dynamics (MD) simulation approach, we uncover the effect of charge buildup on the surface of the Pt electrode, which can be directed toward capacitive and faradaic processes. In the case of a moderately acidic pH shown here, the potential dependence of simulated electrodic processes aligns well with the experimental results from electrochemistry and in situ surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Using reactive MD- and SERS-based studies, we are able to probe into the interfacial water structure and the formation of the Helmholtz layer. At reductive potentials of ∼0.3–0.0 V vs. RHE, we simulate phenomena such as under potential hydrogen adsorption and hydrogen evolution/oxidation reaction. Together, the investigation establishes a framework for quantitative exploration of catalytic processes in electrolytes at very high spatial and temporal resolution.
Large amplitude non-spherical bubbles
Authors: Cockerill Madeleine C , Forbes Lawrence K , Bassom Andrew P
Published: December 2022

We consider the long-term evolution of an axisymmetric bubble and explore the ways in which it may develop. Linearised inviscid analysis is used to predict the stability of the bubble with a small disturbance while a nonlinear inviscid extension shows that the growth of unstable modes is ultimately limited by the formation of axisymmetric curvature singularities. The addition of surface tension is shown to delay, but not entirely prevent, these singularities. Our results are found to agree well with a viscous Boussinesq theory at least to early times. The inclusion of viscosity means that the development of the bubble structure is not limited by the creation of singularities, and the bubble may ultimately adopt one of a wide range of possible large-scale deformations. Among these, perhaps the most exotic are jet-like structures which can pinch off and break into several distinct parts. Spectral methods are employed to solve the inviscid and Boussinesq models while the linearised inviscid model admits a closed-form series solution.
The use of ultrasound in colonic and perianal diseases
Authors: Fábián Anna , Bor Renáta , Szepes Zoltán
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review

To revise recent literature findings regarding the use of ultrasound in colonic and perianal diseases by focusing particularly on its feasibility in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), colorectal neoplastic lesions, and perineal diseases, with further highlight on interventional capabilities.

Recent findings

Treat-to-target approach in IBD raised an interest in intestinal ultrasound (IUS) for monitoring bowel activity considering its noninvasive nature, low costs, and well tolerability. New IUS indices have been developed with ever better methodologies and are at various stage of validation. A standardized over-the-wire technique for colonic US using a flexible overtube enables endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided tissue sampling beyond the rectum, and forward-viewing radial-array echoendoscopes can assist identification of early neoplastic lesions in proximal colon. Intraoperative ultrasound and contrast-enhanced ultrasound carry an additional diagnostic value compared to conventional preoperative imaging modalities in detecting colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM).

The feasibility of IUS in monitoring IBD activity is supported by growing evidence, but uniform IUS indices are still lacking. Recent advancements in EUS are expanding capabilities for determining depth of invasion of colorectal neoplasms, tissue sampling, and EUS-guided interventions to the entire colon. Ultrasonography can be a valuable tool in CRLM diagnostics as well.
Check this out: treatment paradigms in immune-checkpoint inhibitor colitis
Authors: Kiparizoska Sara , Murphy Megan E. , Mattar Mark C.
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have become a pillar of cancer therapy for many people around the world. However, up to two-thirds of all patients undergoing ICI therapy will have immune-related adverse events (irAEs), including immune-checkpoint inhibitor colitis (ICIC). This review summarizes the most valuable and currently available information about the mechanism, diagnosis, and management of ICIC.

Recent findings

Recent findings include several developments on the leading theories for the mechanisms of ICIC such as the role of the gut microbiome. New emerging therapy strategies include tocilizumab, ustekinumab, mycophenolate mofetil, and calcineurin inhibitors.

The occurrence of irAEs remains a limiting factor for the use of immunotherapy in cancer treatment. Prompt diagnosis of ICIC with endoscopy and histologic confirmation can lead to early utilization of known effective treatments such as corticosteroids, infliximab, vedolizumab, and other emerging therapy strategies. We summarize the key points of this review article in our abstract video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/COG/A44.
Double-edged sword: impact of fecal microbiome transplants on the gut resistome
Authors: Hallowell Haley Anne , Gao Anne Lulu , Suez Jotham
Published: December 2022

Purpose of review

Fecal microbiome transplants (FMT) show promise in treating various diseases, such as Clostridioides difficile infections. FMT have also demonstrated the capacity to modulate the collection of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), termed the resistome, within the gut. The purpose of this review was to critically evaluate the literature regarding the interaction between FMT and the gut resistome and determine whether FMT could be used specifically to reduce ARG carriage in the gut.

Recent findings

Several studies have demonstrated a decrease in ARG carriage post-FMT administration in various disease states, including recurrent C. difficile infection and after antibiotic usage. However, other studies have reported an expansion of the resistome following FMT. Most studies contained small patient cohorts regardless of the outcome and showed heterogeneity in responses.

Research on resistome modulation by FMT is preliminary, and human studies currently lack consensus regarding benefits and risks. From a safety perspective, screening donor samples for ARGs in addition to antibiotic-resistant organisms may be advisable. Additional studies on the mechanisms underlying heterogeneity between studies and individuals are required before FMT is considered an efficient approach for resistome amelioration.
Congestive Hepatopathy: A Case of Fontan-Associated Liver Disease and Review of Literature
Authors: Gosse Matthew D. , Bosch Dustin E.
Published: December 2022

We describe a case of congestive hepatopathy due to altered circulation with a Fontan procedure. Congestive hepatopathy is characterized microscopically by sinusoidal dilation and congestion, interstitial edema, and hepatocyte atrophy. Congestive hepatic fibrosis typically exhibits pericentral pattern fibrosis at an early stage, progressing to bridging fibrosis and cirrhosis. Fibrosis scoring systems have recently been described for Fontan-associated liver disease and congestive heart disease–associated hepatopathy. The clinical differential diagnosis for congestive hepatopathy is broad and includes right-sided heart failure (“cardiac hepatopathy”), hepatic vein obstruction (such as Budd-Chiari syndrome), and intrahepatic vessel or sinusoidal obstruction (such as sinusoidal obstructive syndrome). Treatment of congestive hepatopathy is primarily directed toward the etiology of congestion.
A Prevascularized Sinus Tract on the Liver Surface for Islet Transplantation
Authors: Li Feng , Lv Yi , Li Xiaohang , Yang Zhaoming , Guo Tingwei , Zhang Jialin
Published: December 2022

Background.

The lack of a suitable transplantation site has become a bottleneck restricting the development of islet transplantation.

Methods.

In this study, for the first time, a prevascularized sinus tract (PST) for islet transplantation was constructed in a mouse model by temporarily embedding a 4× silk thread between the liver surface and the attached decellularized human amniotic membrane. After which, the characteristics of the PST and the function of the islet graft within the PST were evaluated.

Results.

The results showed that PST was lined with granulation tissue, the blood vessel density of the local tissue increased, and proangiogenic proteins were upregulated, which mimics the microenvironment of the islets in the pancreas to a certain extent. Transplantation of ~200 syngeneic islets into the PST routinely reversed the hyperglycemia of the recipient mice and maintained euglycemia for >100 d until the islet grafts were retrieved. The islet grafts within the PST achieved better results to those in the nonprevascularized control groups and comparable results to those under the kidney capsule with respect to glycemic control and glucose tolerance.

Conclusions.

By attaching a decellularized human amniotic membrane to the surface of mouse liver and temporarily embedding a 4× silk thread, the PST formed on the liver surface has a favorable local microenvironment and is a potential clinical islet transplantation site.
The Molecular Microscope Diagnostic System: Assessment of Rejection and Injury in Heart Transplant Biopsies
Authors: Halloran Philip F. , Madill-Thomsen Katelynn S.
Published: December 2022

This review describes the development of the Molecular Microscope Diagnostic System (MMDx) for heart transplant endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs). MMDx-Heart uses microarrays to measure biopsy-based gene expression and ensembles of machine learning algorithms to interpret the results and compare each new biopsy to a large reference set of earlier biopsies. MMDx assesses T cell–mediated rejection (TCMR), antibody-mediated rejection (AMR), recent parenchymal injury, and atrophy-fibrosis, continually “learning” from new biopsies. Rejection-associated transcripts mapped in kidney transplants and experimental systems were used to identify TCMR, AMR, and recent injury-induced inflammation. Rejection and injury emerged as gradients of intensity, rather than binary classes. AMR was one-third donor-specific antibody (DSA)-negative, and many EMBs first considered to have no rejection displayed minor AMR-like changes, with increased probability of DSA positivity and subtle inflammation. Rejection-associated transcript–based algorithms now classify EMBs as “Normal,” “Minor AMR changes,” “AMR,” “possible AMR,” “TCMR,” “possible TCMR,” and “recent injury.” Additionally, MMDx uses injury-associated transcript sets to assess the degree of parenchymal injury and atrophy-fibrosis in every biopsy and study the effect of rejection on the parenchyma. TCMR directly injures the parenchyma whereas AMR usually induces microcirculation stress but relatively little initial parenchymal damage, although slowly inducing parenchymal atrophy-fibrosis. Function (left ventricular ejection fraction) and short-term risk of failure are strongly determined by parenchymal injury. These discoveries can guide molecular diagnostic applications, either as a central MMDx system or adapted to other platforms. MMDx can also help calibrate noninvasive blood-based biomarkers to avoid unnecessary biopsies and monitor response to therapy.