bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Why Visual Ethnography Should Be Used to Incorporate Traditional Knowledge Into Health Promotion in Remote Aboriginal Communities
Authors: Thompson Adam
Published: June 2019

Health promotion within Aboriginal communities has typically come from a top-down approach with government-funded health research directing the nature in which health information is disseminated. Previous literature has argued for two-way interaction that requires an equivalent bottom-up approach to integrate community beliefs and perceptions. Good hygiene has been the focus of many health promotion campaigns to reduce the presence of a wide variety of pathogens, but to date, there have been few attempts to incorporate traditional knowledge into such campaigns. This article proposes that visual ethnography, specifically community video, provides a good method for understanding community beliefs while simultaneously creating health promotion materials within the local culture.
A unified multidisciplinary fragility hip fracture pilot pathway in a trauma centre in Hong Kong: One-year outcome in the acute phase
Authors: Lee Matthew WH , Chui KH , Tsang KK , Lee KB , Li Wilson
Published: June 2019

Introduction:

The growing impact of fragility hip fracture (FHF) on the healthcare system and the society has become a major concern worldwide. A unified multidisciplinary FHF pathway from admission to rehabilitation and back to community was established in 2015. The acute phase of the pathway was put into pilot in our hospital to evaluate the outcome.

Method:

A designated FHF team was established in our centre since January 2015. The FHF pathway was piloted since June 2015. Patients admitted with a hip fracture resulting from fall on standing height were included. Major outcome parameters were compared in three phases: (1) before FHF team and FHF pathway (January to December 2014), (2) after FHF team but before FHF pathway (January to May 2015) and (3) after FHF team and FHF pathway (June 2015 to May 2016).

Result:

In phases 1, 2 and 3, 631, 263 and 634 patients were included, respectively. From phases 1 to 3, the average key performance indicator (KPI) has improved from 49.2% to 65.8% to 70.0% significantly; average acute length of stay (days) has improved from 13.7 to 13.4 to 11.3 significantly; total surgical complication rates have improved from 6.2% to 7.6% to 5.8%. The 30-day mortality rate and the unplanned readmission rate (within 28 days) have remained below 2.7% and 2.2%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Implementation of an FHF pathway can form a multidisciplinary platform that can improve the standard of care and outcome for our FHF patients in terms of KPI and also length of stay.

New knowledge added by this study:

A newly designed and implemented fragility hip fracture pathway in our centre as a pilot with the results evaluated.

Implications for clinical practice or policy:

With the increasing elderly population in Hong Kong and globally, there is a need to design and implement a fragility hip fracture (FHF) pathway to improve the care and effectiveness for FHF patients.
Three-point atlantoaxial fixation with C1–C2 transarticular screws and C1 lateral mass screws
Authors: Harati Ali , Oni Paul
Published: June 2019

Background:

Based on established posterior atlantoaxial fixation techniques, we present a novel technique that uses a polyaxial screw rod system and utilizes a combination of C1 lateral mass and C1–C2 transarticular screws.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective review of six men and four women (mean age: 57, range: 20–86). Indication for atlantoaxial fixation was type II odontoid fractures or pseudarthrosis after odontoid fracture ( n = 7), rheumatoid arthritis ( n = 2) and os odontoideum ( n = 1).

Results:

The mean follow-up time was 48 months (range: 24–72). There were no intraoperative complications such as vertebral artery, nerve root or spinal cord injury. Post-operative imaging showed no screw malposition. During follow-up, no patient had screw loosening, screw fracture or bone absorption around the screws. Clinically, patient neck pain improved in all cases.

Conclusions:

C1 lateral mass and C1–C2 transarticular polyaxial screw rod fixation is a novel and potentially effective surgical technique for achieving immediate rigid immobilization of the C1–C2 motion segment. However, further biomechanical studies should be performed to prove our clinical results.
Local thalamic atrophy associates with large-scale functional connectivity alterations of fronto-parietal cortices in genetic generalized epilepsies
Authors: Boss Nicolas , Abela Eugenio , Weisstanner Christian , Schindler Kaspar , Wiest Roland
Published: June 2019

Genetic generalized epilepsies (GGEs) are a group of seizure syndromes that start in childhood and adolescence. Although generally viewed as benign, large-scale epidemiological studies suggest that a significant proportion of GGE patients suffer from drug-resistant seizures, cognitive impairment and social problems. This motivates further research into their pathophysiology, which is still incompletely understood. GGE is characterized clinically and on the encephalogram by seizures that seem to involve both hemispheres simultaneously – hence the idea of a ‘generalized’ process. However, findings from experimental animal studies suggest that seizures in GGE arise due to complex functional alterations within a network that involves fronto-parietal cortex and midline thalamus. In line with these results, neuroimaging studies have found metabolic changes in midline frontal and posterior parietal cortices during GGE seizures and atrophy of both frontal lobe structures and thalamus in GGE patients. Pathology of fronto-thalamic networks seems therefore to be a core feature of GGE. It is unknown how alterations of structure and function between different sites of the network influence each other. Given that the thalamus exerts widespread influence on cortical function, we hypothesized that thalamic atrophy in GGE patients would lead to functional impairment in cortical networks. To test this hypothesis, we performed a case–control study on patients with GGE and healthy controls (HCs), using computational neuroanatomical and functional connectivity techniques. Confirming our hypothesis, we found atrophy in midline thalamic regions preferentially connected to midline (pre-) frontal cortex, and correlated functional disconnection between midline frontal and posterior parietal cortex. Of note, we found increased functional connectivity between the left-sided thalamus and the left medial prefrontal cortex, and a decrease in interhemispheric functional connectivity between bilateral parietal cortex in patients compared to HCs. Taken together, our results suggest that even highly localized subcortical structural changes might lead to large-scale network effects in GGE.
PTENP1/miR-20a/PTEN axis contributes to breast cancer progression by regulating PTEN via PI3K/AKT pathway
Authors: Gao Xue , Qin Tao , Mao Jun , Zhang Jun , Fan Shujun , Lu Ying , Sun Zhigang , Zhang Qingqing , Song Bo , Li Lianhong
Published: June 2019

Background

Long non-coding RNA PTENP1, the pseudogene of PTEN tumor suppressor, has been reported to exert its tumor suppressive function via modulation of PTEN expression in many malignancies, including breast cancer (BC). However, whether the PTENP1/miR-20a/PTEN axis exists and how it functions in BC progression remains elusive.

Methods

The levels of PTENP1, PTEN and miR-20a were measured by qRT-PCR. Furthermore, the breast cancer cells proliferation was further measured by CCK8 assay, colony formation assays, EDU and Ki67 staining. The migratory and invasive ability was determined by transwell assay. Flow cytometry, JC-1 and TUNEL assays were conducted to show the occurrence of apoptosis. Xenograft model was used to show the tumorigenesis of breast cancer cells.

Results

We analyzed PTENP1 and PTEN levels in clinical BC samples and cell lines, and found that PTENP1 and PTEN were confirmed and closely correlated with the malignancy of BC cell lines and poor clinical prognosis. Moreover, alteration of PTENP1 affects BC cell proliferation, invasion, tumorigenesis and chemoresistance to adriamycin (ADR). Bioinformatic analysis and dual-luciferase reporter gene assay predicted that PTENP1 was a direct target of miR-20a, which was clarified an alternative effect on BC aggressiveness phenotype. In addition, PTENP1 functioned as an endogenous sponge of miR-20a to regulate PTEN expression, which mediated BC cells proliferation, invasion and drug resistance via activation the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway. PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or siAkt also prevented BC cells progression.

Conclusion

Collectively, these data indicated that PTENP1/miR-20a/PTEN axis involved in the malignant behaviors of BC cells, illuminating the possible mechanism mediated by PTEN via PI3K/Akt pathway. Targeting PTENP1/miR-20a/PTEN may provide a potential diagnosis and treatment strategy for BC.
Full-waveform inversion with randomized space shift
Authors: Yang Jizhong , Li Yunyue Elita , Wei Yanwen , Fu Haohuan , Liu Yuzhu
Published: June 2019

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) has the great potential to retrieve high-fidelity subsurface models, with the constraint that the traveltime difference between the predicted data and the observed data should be less than half of the period at the lowest available frequency. If the above constraint is not satisfied, FWI will suffer from severe convergence problems and may get stuck in erroneous local minimum. To mitigate the dependence of FWI on the quality of the starting model, we apply the robust gradient sampling algorithm (GSA) on nonsmooth, nonconvex optimization problems to FWI. The original implementation of GSA requires explicit calculation of the gradient at each sampling point. When combined with FWI, this procedure involves tremendous computational costs for calculating the forward- and backward-propagated wavefields at each sampled velocity model within the vicinity of the current model estimate. Through numerical analyses, we find that the gradients corresponding to slightly perturbed velocity models can be approximated by space shifting the gradient obtained from the current velocity model. By randomly choosing one space shift at each time step during the gradient calculation, the computational cost is thus the same as conventional FWI. Numerical examples based on the 2004 BP model demonstrate that the proposed method can provide much better results than conventional FWI when starting from a crude initial velocity model.
Full-waveform inversion for salt: A coming of age
Authors: Wang Ping , Zhang Zhigang , Mei Jiawei , Lin Feng , Huang Rongxin
Published: June 2019

Full-waveform inversion (FWI), proposed by Lailly and Tarantola in the 1980s, is considered to be the most promising data-driven tool for automatically building velocity models. Many successful examples have been reported using FWI to update shallow sediments, gas pockets, and mud volcanoes. However, successful applications of FWI to update salt structures had almost only been seen on synthetic data until recent progress at the Atlantis Field in the Gulf of Mexico. We revisited some aspects of FWI algorithms to minimize cycle-skipping and amplitude discrepancy issues and derived an FWI algorithm that is able to build complex salt velocity models. We applied this algorithm to a variety of data sets, including wide-azimuth and full-azimuth (FAZ) streamer data as well as ocean-bottom-node data, with different geologic settings in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method for salt velocity updates and to examine some fundamentals of the salt problem. We observed that, in multiple cases, salt velocity models from this FWI algorithm produced subsalt images of superior quality. We demonstrate with one FAZ streamer data example in Keathley Canyon that we do not necessarily need very high frequency in FWI for subsalt imaging purposes. Based on this observation, we envision that sparse node for velocity acquisition may provide appropriate data to handle large and complex salt bodies with FWI. We believe the combination of advanced FWI algorithms and appropriate data acquisition will bring a step change to subsalt imaging.
High-resolution depth imaging of long-offset 2D data using full-waveform inversion: The Malvinas Basin, Argentina
Authors: Letki Laurence , Saunders Mike , Hoppe Monica , Cvetkovic Milos , Goss Lewis , Rady Ahmed
Published: June 2019

The Argentina Austral Malvinas survey comprises 13,784 km of 2D data extending from the shelf to the border with the Falkland Islands. The survey was acquired using a 12,000 m streamer and continuous recording technology and was processed through a comprehensive broadband prestack depth migration workflow focused on producing a high-resolution, high-fidelity data set. Source- and receiver-side deghosting to maximize the bandwidth of the data was an essential ingredient in the preprocessing. Following the broadband processing sequence, a depth-imaging workflow was implemented, with the initial model built using a time tomography approach. Several passes of anisotropic reflection tomography provided a significant improvement in the velocity model prior to full-waveform inversion (FWI). Using long offsets, FWI made use of additional information contained in the recorded wavefield, including the refracted and diving wave energy. FWI resolved more detailed velocity variations both in the shallow and deeper section and culminated in an improved seismic image.
Basic symptoms in offspring of parents with mood and psychotic disorders
Authors: Zwicker Alyson , MacKenzie Lynn E. , Drobinin Vladislav , Howes Vallis Emily , Patterson Victoria C. , Stephens Meg , Cumby Jill , Propper Lukas , Abidi Sabina , Bagnell Alexa , Schultze-Lutter Frauke , Pavlova Barbara , Alda Martin , Uher Rudolf
Published: June 2019

Background

Basic symptoms, defined as subjectively perceived disturbances in thought, perception and other essential mental processes, have been established as a predictor of psychotic disorders. However, the relationship between basic symptoms and family history of a transdiagnostic range of severe mental illness, including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, has not been examined.

Aims

We sought to test whether non-severe mood disorders and severe mood and psychotic disorders in parents is associated with increased basic symptoms in their biological offspring.

Method

We measured basic symptoms using the Schizophrenia Proneness Instrument – Child and Youth Version in 332 youth aged 8–26 years, including 93 offspring of control parents, 92 offspring of a parent with non-severe mood disorders, and 147 offspring of a parent with severe mood and psychotic disorders. We tested the relationships between parent mental illness and offspring basic symptoms in mixed-effects linear regression models.

Results

Offspring of a parent with severe mood and psychotic disorders (B = 0.69, 95% CI 0.22–1.16, P = 0.004) or illness with psychotic features (B = 0.68, 95% CI 0.09–1.27, P = 0.023) had significantly higher basic symptom scores than control offspring. Offspring of a parent with non-severe mood disorders reported intermediate levels of basic symptoms, that did not significantly differ from control offspring.

Conclusions

Basic symptoms during childhood are a marker of familial risk of psychopathology that is related to severity and is not specific to psychotic illness.

Declaration of interest

None.
Promoting resilience in children and adolescents living with parental mental illness (CAPRI): children are key to identifying solutions
Authors: Abel Kathryn M. , Hope Holly , Faulds Annie , Pierce Matthias
Published: June 2019

The lives of Children and Adolescents with PaRental mental Illness (CAPRI) represent a public health priority. Identifying those at most risk within the risk subset is crucial to promote resilience for this group. The ability to develop child-centred interventions will underpin the success of evidence-based services and CAPRI themselves are key to unlocking current service barriers.

Declaration interest

None.
Percutaneous MR-guided prostate cancer cryoablation technical updates and literature review
Authors: de Marini Pierre , Cazzato Roberto Luigi , Garnon Julien , Shaygi Behnam , Koch Guillaume , Auloge Pierre , Tricard Thibault , Lang Hervé , Gangi Afshin
Published: June 2019

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignant tumor in males. The benefits in terms of overall reduction in specific mortality due to the widespread use of Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) screening and the advancements in the curative treatments (radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy) appear to have reached a plateau. There remains, however, the questions of overdiagnosis and overtreatment of such patients. Currently, the main challenge in the treatment of patients with clinically organ-confined PCa is to offer an oncologically efficient treatment with as little morbidity as possible.

Amongst the arising novel curative techniques for PCa, cryoablation (CA) is the most established one, which is also included in the NICE and AUA guidelines. CA is commonly performed under ultrasound guidance with the inherent limitations associated with this technique. The recent advancements in MRI have significantly improved the accuracy of detecting and characterizing a clinically significant PCa. This, alongside the development of wide bore interventional MR scanners, has opened the pathway for in bore PCa treatment. Under MRI guidance, PCa CA can be used either as a standard whole gland treatment or as a tumor targeted one. With MR-fluoroscopy, needle guidance capability, multiplanar and real-time visualization of the iceball, MRI eliminates the inherent limitations of ultrasound guidance and can potentially lead to a lower rate of local complications.

The aim of this review article is to provide an overview about PCa CA with a more specific insight on MR guided PCa CA; the limitations, challenges and applications of this novel technique will be discussed.
Feasibility of high resolution ultrasound for SLAP tears of the shoulder compared to MR arthrogram
Authors: Alali Akeel , Li David , Monteiro Sandra , Choudur Hema
Published: June 2019

Objectives:

The purpose of this prospective pilot study was to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of high resolution ultrasound in the detection of superior labral anteroposterior (SLAP) tears of the shoulder compared to MR arthrogram.

Methods and materials:

48 adult patients were included in the study. All patients had high resolution ultrasound of the superior labrum and biceps labral anchor prior to MR arthrogram. Ultrasound and MR arthrograms were evaluated separately for the presence or absence of SLAP tear using the same grading. The presence or absence of a tear and grading of the tears on MR arthrograms and ultrasound were compared and evaluated using κ statistics.

Results:

Both MRI and ultrasound demonstrated a SLAP tear in 27 of the 48 patients. MRI and ultrasound were in agreement on the absence of a tear in 19 patients. There was a disagreement between MRI and ultrasound in 2 of the 48 patients regarding the existence of a tear. The two modalities demonstrated substantial agreement on the presence or absence of a tear ( κ = 91.4 %, p < 0.001) as well as the grading of the tear ( κ = 84.4 %, p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

In this pilot study, the feasibility and accuracy of high resolution ultrasound for SLAP tears were evaluated and compared with MR arthrogram. MRI and ultrasound demonstrated substantial agreement on the presence or absence of SLAP tears and grading of the tears.

Advances in knowledge:

This pilot study explores and supports the use of ultrasound as a screening tool for SLAP tears, especially as it is readily available, fast and inexpensive.
Altering the Environment to Improve Appointment System Performance
Authors: Cayirli Tugba , Yang Kum Khiong
Published: June 2019

Current research on clinic performance is focused primarily on appointment scheduling rather than shaping the clinical environments. The goal of this study is to investigate the impact of environmental factors on the total cost performance of a clinic, measured as a weighted sum of patients’ wait times and a physician’s idle time and overtime. The environmental factors investigated include the variability of service times, the probabilities of no-shows and walk-ins, the number of appointments per session, and the cost ratio of the physician’s time to patients’ time. The effects of these factors are evaluated using a near-optimal rule that already adjusts the patients’ appointment times to minimize the negative effects of these factors so that their residual or true effects on total cost performance can be isolated. As a result, this study provides useful insights for healthcare practitioners in prioritizing their efforts in managing the different sources of variability to further improve the clinic performance beyond the use of an optimal or near-optimal appointment rule. Additional experiments are conducted on the effects of patient and physician unpunctuality, which have been studied to a lesser extent in prior literature.
Miracles and cancer immunotherapy: An in-depth look at medical miracles
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: June 2019

Mark Greener looks at spontaneous cancer regression, and what today's researchers have learned from it
Pain relief in the treatment of shingles: a guide for nurses
Authors: Nazarko Linda
Published: June 2019

Linda Nazarko explains how to manage this often distressing dermatalogical condition
Director's duties: staying informed, keeping out of trouble
Authors: Taylor Paul , Kong Charlotte
Published: June 2019

A promotion to a board of directors can be a great opportunity, but only for those who are aware of their legal obligations and the risks involved. Paul Taylor and Charlotte Kong set out ten key points directors need to adhere to.
How to … support residents and staff facing mental health issues
Authors: Ashurst Adrian
Published: June 2019

Mental health is a hot topic and it is being widely discussed. After seeing a documentary on the topic, Adrian Ashurst was pushed to think about how these issues can affect both residents and staff in care homes and how they can be combatted.
Actinomycetes of rhizosphere soil producing antibacterial compounds against Urinary Tract Infection bacteria
Authors: APSARI PRAMESITA PRAWADIKA , BUDIARTI SRI , WAHYUDI ARIS TRI
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Apsari PP, Budiarti S, Wahyudi AT. 2019. Actinomycetes of rhizosphere soil producing antibacterial compounds against Urinary Tract Infection bacteria. Biodiversitas 20: 1259-1265. Based on the ability of actinomycetes as an antibacterial compounds producer and the need of finding novel antibacterial compounds, this study aims to look for antibacterial compounds from rhizosphere actinomycetes against bacteria in urine of UTI patients (Escherichia coli, Citrobacter braakii, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae). The screening of 21 actinomycetes was conducted based on the paper disc method. Potential actinomycetes that inhibited test bacteria were, then cultured in liquid medium and the supernatant was tested to six test bacteria. Then, the supernatant was extracted using ethyl acetate and crude extract from extraction process was tested to test bacteria. Afterward, the crude extract was scanned for bioactive compounds by GC-MS. Potential actinomycetes were identified by 16S rRNA gene to reveal the species. The screening results showed that ARJ 16, 24, and 36 had a wider inhibition zone than others. All of them showed that the supernatant and the crude extract could inhibit UTI's bacteria. The highest abundance of bioactive compound of crude extract was found in Propane, 1,2-dichloro, n-Hexadecanoic acid, and Carbonochloridic acid, 2-chloroethyl ester, respectively. Identification of potential actinomycetes based on 16S rRNA gene showed that ARJ 16 and ARJ 24 were highly similar to Streptomyces sp. in 99% and ARJ 36 was similar to Streptomyces tendae in 98%.
Diversity of phenotypic characteristics of White Tailed-Yellow Chicken populations reared under free range system in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand
Authors: YAEMKONG SUPHAWADEE , NGOC TUAN NGUYEN
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Yaemkong S, Tuan NN. 2019. Diversity of phenotypic characteristics of White Tailed-Yellow Chicken populations reared under free-range system in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 1264-1273.  The objective of this study was to evaluate phenotypic diversity of White tail-yellow chickens in Mueang District, Phitsanulok, Thailand. A total of 200 male chickens from the purposive samples were collected, and then analyzed by using descriptive statistics, correlation and least squares mean for subclasses of each factor. The results showed that the phenotypic of White tail-yellow Chickens had the highest white-yellow beak (60.29%), hin comb (65.50%), golden-yellow neck plumage (95.69%), back plumage (96.17%) and wing plumage (67.94%), white-black long curving tails (70.11%), black back tails (71.14%) and white-yellow shank (59.81%) for qualitative traits. The quantitative traits such as body weight, body height, body length, body width, wing length, shank length, and toes length were 2.78±0.58 kg, 61.95±3.77 cm, 24.93±1.66 cm, 16.62±1.91 cm, 41.85±2.52 cm, 12.72±0.77 cm, and 8.39±0.66 cm, respectively. The highest positive correlation was recorded between neck plumage and back plumage (r=0.70; p<0.01). Moreover, body weight was the highest correlation with wing length (0.58; p<0.01) whereas body length was the highest positive correlation with wing plumage (0.21; p<0.01). However, beak and comb had no significant effect on all traits (p>0.05) except for neck, back and wing plumage, long curving tail, back tail and shank color (p<0.05).
Short Communication: Identification and characterization of nitrifying bacteria in mud crab (Scylla serrata) recirculation aquaculture system by 16S rRNA sequencing
Authors: HASTUTI YUNI PUJI , RUSMANA IMAN , NIRMALA KUKUH , AFFANDI RIDWAN , TRIDESIANTI SISKA
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Hastuti YP, Rusmana I, Nirmala K, Affandi R, Tridesianti S. 2019. Identification and characterization of nitrifying bacteria in mud crab (Scylla serrata) recirculation aquaculture system by 16S rRNA sequencing. Biodiversitas 20: 1339-1343. Recirculation is one of the systems used for increasing aquaculture production, for example, is mud crab Scylla serrata culture. Aquaculture activities will produce organic nitrogen waste and can be affected to inorganic condition (nitrification bacteria). Nitrifying bacteria are capable of changing aerobically from NH4+ to NO2-(nitrite) and from NO2-to NO3-(nitrate). This current work aimed to identify and characterize nitrifying bacteria in mud crab (S. serrata) culture with a recirculated system. Nitrifying bacteria were isolated using serial dilution (10-1 until 10-5) of open filter FB water sample previously cultured in a specific medium. Bacterial identification was performed using a procedure of PrestoTM Mini gDNA Kit (Geneid) for DNA extraction and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) primer 63F and 1387R for 16S rRNA gene amplification. Molecular identification using 16S rRNA sequences, the nitrifying bacteria isolated from mud crab recirculation aquaculture system were 99% identified as a group Pantoea calida, Pseudomonas stutzerii dan Halomonas sp. Morphological characterization of the colony morphology showed that a mucoid appearance and appeared cream in color and large size. Furthermore, their cells were recognized as basil and Gram-negative.
The effect of gamma rays irradiation on diversity of Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum as revealed by ISSR molecular marker
Authors: DUE MARIA SERVIANA , SUSILOWATI ARI , YUNUS AHMAD
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Due MS, Susilowati A, Yunus A. 2019. The effect of gamma rays irradiation on diversity of Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum as revealed by ISSR molecular marker. Biodiversitas 20: 1416-1422. Pisang Ambon (Musa paradisiaca var. sapientum (L.) Kunt.) is one of the horticultural commodities that have high production in Indonesia, making it a superior product. Bananas are propagated vegetatively, which hampers the production of genetic variation and requires a long generation time in the vegetative cycle. This study aimed to determine the diversity of Pisang Ambon induced by gamma radiation of various dosages (10 Gy, 20 Gy and 30 Gy) in vitro based on the ISSR (Inter-Simple Sequence Repeats) marker. The results showed that gamma-ray radiation influenced the morphological properties of plant height, stem diameter, leaf length, leaf width and leaf number based on ANOVA variance analysis. Increased growth occurs in plants with radiation doses of 10 Gy and 20 Gy. The molecular analysis of ISSR uses 6 primers, namely ISSR 835, ISSR 836, ISSR 846, ISSR 847, ISSR 848 and ISSR 855. Of the 6 primers, only 2 primers were able to produce polymorphisms above 50%. A total of 9 bands were produced, in which 8 bands showed polymorphic with a percentage of 90%. The similarity matrix ranged from 0.25-0.93, indicating the level of variation between mutants. The result of dendrogram was divided into two groups with a coefficient distance of 0.47-0.93; plants at a dose of 10 Gy have the highest diversity with the furthest coefficient of diversity distance of 0.47.
Land cover change and land use suitability analyses of coastal area in Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: AFSHOLNISSA SARAH , HERNAWAN ENDANG , LASTINI TIEN
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Afsholnissa S, Hernawan E, Lastini T. 2019. Land cover change and land use suitability analyses of coastal area in Bantul District, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1475-1481. Shrimp farming in the southern coast of Bantul District is considered to be the cause of environmental degradation, decline of mangrove association due to logging for land conversion to shrimp pond and also considered to be the cause of agricultural land for crops around the shrimp pond. The purpose of this study was to identify land use change and analyze the land suitability for shrimp farming, agriculture, and mangrove plant associations. Identification of land use was done using ENVI 5.3. The study identified 34.88 ha (3.16%) empty ponds, 20.97 ha (1.90%) active ponds and as much as 91.93 ha (8.31%) land used for agriculture. The identification of land use change using Google Timelapse revealed a dominant land conversion of sandy soil and mangrove plant area into shrimp ponds in 2007 and continue to increase from 2011 to 2015. Land suitability was evaluated using ArcGIS 10.5 with an overlay method. The results revealed that 634.82 ha area of the land was suitable for shrimp ponds and ​​84.32 ha area were suitable for non-paddy agriculture. Lands suitable for paddy field were about 148.58 ha, and that for mangrove plant association was 616.42 ha. Spatially, coastal area of ​​Bantul District was dominantly suitable for shrimp farming.
Investigation of current threats to the existence of Brackenridgea zanguebarica in a small geographic area in Vhembe, Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: TIAWOUN MAKUÉTÉ ANDRÉ PATRICK , TSHISIKHAWE MILINGONI PETER , GWATA EASTONCE TENDAYI
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Tiawoun MAP, Tshisikhawe MP, Gwata ET. 2019. Geometric morphometry of pupae to identify four medically important flies (Order: Diptera) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 1504-1509. Brackenridgea zanguebarica is one of the most threatened plant species in South Africa, found only in Thengwe village, Vhembe District Municipality, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Due to the high traditional use of its stem bark and root, the species is now facing the threat of extinction. It has been assessed in accordance with the IUCN Red List of South Africa as a critically endangered species. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of current threats to the population in the Brackenridgea Nature Reserve, in order to improve its conservation measures. The study was carried out in the reserve, where 10 belt transects of 50 m long and 20 m wide were laid at regular intervals of 5 m to investigate the population of B. zanguebarica. Individuals were counted and the structural parameters, e.g. tree height and stem diameter size of each were measured, while the impact of plant harvesting was estimated using a sliding scale of 0 to 5. The structure of the populations in terms of the stem diameter size classes was dominated by juvenile plants that showed the bell shape pattern. In addition, 59.9% out of the total plants recorded presented signs of plant parts extraction, with the stem bark the main part extracted. The population status of B. zanguebarica was unstable and under severe threat due to the destructive harvesting of the mature tree parts, leading to poor regeneration of individuals. It is thus recommended that in order to improve its conservation measures.
Future of beekeeping in Northwestern Ethiopia: Scenarios, local adaptation measures and its implications for farmers’ livelihoods
Authors: TASSEW ASAMINEW , ALEMAYEHU GETACHEW , SÖLKNER JOHANN , WURZINGER MARIA
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Tassew A, Alemayehu G, Sölkner J, Wurzinger M. 2019. Future of beekeeping in Northwestern Ethiopia: Scenarios, local adaptation measures and its implications for farmers’ livelihoods. Biodiversitas 20: 1633-1643. For this study, a participatory scenario planning approach was used to understand the driving forces, generate the plausible future scenarios of beekeeping, explore local adaptation measures and its implications for farmers’ livelihoods in Northwestern Ethiopia. Data were collected from three watersheds representing different agro-ecological zones. To identify the driving forces, different methods including key informant interviews, focus group discussions, workshops, researchers observations and literature search were applied. The data were analyzed by ranking followed by controllability, cross-impact and consistency analysis. The results show that nineteen driving forces were identified that are contributes to changes in beekeeping. Out of nineteen six most relevant and locally controllable driving forces (watershed development, deforestation, agrochemicals use, government emphasis for beekeeping development, technical support, and farmers' awareness) were selected to develop different plausible and contrasting scenarios. The three plausible and contrasting scenarios for beekeeping in 2025 are: ‘‘repressive'', ‘‘beekeeping advance'' and ‘‘beekeeping on the margins''. The results show that beekeeping significantly contributes to the livelihoods of farmers to 2025 under ‘‘beekeeping advance'' scenario. In the ‘‘beekeeping on the margins'' scenario, beekeeping has low contribution to the livelihoods of farmers. But the beekeeping is in a system of involution in ‘‘repressive'' scenario and has very low contribution to the livelihoods of farmers. The stakeholders were checked the plausibility of the scenarios and selected the ‘‘repressive’’ scenario as the worst, the ‘‘beekeeping advance’’ scenario as the best, and the ‘‘beekeeping on the margins’’ scenario as the business as usual and intervention strategies were developed to transform the current beekeeping into ‘‘beekeeping advance'' scenario. The study has shown that the participation of stakeholders in the scenario planning process provides knowledge relevant for understanding the dynamics and future scenarios of beekeeping. Hence, interventions to be made by concerned stakeholders to improve the beekeeping in the study areas need to focus on addressing the various and complex driving forces through a system wide and context-specific approach.
Population structure of Cotylelobium melanoxylon within vegetation community in Bona Lumban Forest, Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SUSILOWATI ARIDA , RACHMAT HENTI HENDALASTUTI , ELFIATI DENI , KHOLIBRINA CUT RIZLANI , KUSUMA YOSIE SYADZA , SIREGAR HOTMAN
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Susilowati A, Rachmat HH, Elfiati D, Kholibrina CR, Kusuma YS, Siregar H. 2019. Population structure of Cotylelobium melanoxylon within vegetation community in Bona Lumban Forest, Central Tapanuli, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1681-1687. In many forests stand, Cotylelobium melanoxylon is hard to find in the wild at present day because its bark has been intensively harvested for traditional alcoholic drink and sold by kilogram in traditional market in North Sumatra and Riau. This activity has put the species into serious threats of their existence in their natural habitat. We conducted study to determine the population structure of the species at seedling to tree stage in Bona Lumban Forest, Central Tapanuli. We used purposive sampling by making line transect at forest area where C. melanoxylon naturally grow. There were four transects with each transect consisted of five plots in which nested plots were established to record data at four growth stages, resulting in 80 plots in total. The result showed that the Important Value Index (IVI) for C. melanoxylon were 66.33, 17.65, 11.82, 12.90; Diversity Index (H) were 2.9, 1.90,2.88, 2.53 and 12.90, Index of evenness (E) were 0.844, 0.534, 0.85, 0.935 and the Index of Richness (R) were 5.71, 7.13, 5.37, 3.67 for the stage tree, pole, sapling, and seedlings, respectively This result demonstrates that C. melanoxylon still grows naturally in Bona Lumban at all stages from tree to seedling. However, there might be a problem in its natural regeneration as there is big difference of its high IVI at tree stage compared to IVI value for its younger stages. The regeneration status of C. melanoxylon was also classified into fair. This might be generated from the condition that the existing mature trees remaining were no longer productive and healthy due to excessive harvesting for its bark.
Short Communication: Species composition and density of mangrove forest in Kedawang Village, Pasuruan, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: ISRONI WAHYU , ISLAMY R ADHARYAN , MUSA MOHAMAD , WIJANARKO PUTUT
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Isroni W, Islamy RA, Musa M, Wijanarko P. 2019. Short Communication: Species composition and density of mangrove forest in Kedawang Village, Pasuruan, East Java. Biodiversitas 20: 1688-1692. Mangrove is one of ecosystems located in estuary and shallow coastal waters and its existence has a significant role for life. The aim of this study was to identify species composition and density of mangrove forest in Kedawang village, Nguling Sub-district, Pasuruan District, East Java, Indonesia. Survey method using belt transects was carried at three sampling points. Results of this study showed that mangrove vegetation in Kedawang includes five species from three families, namely Avicenniaceae (Avicennia alba and Avicennia marina), Rhizophoraceae (Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata), and Sonneratiace (Sonneratia alba). At sampling point 1, A. alba dominated with a density of 37 individuals/ha at tree level, 380 individuals/ha at pole level and 3100 individuals/ha at stake level. At sampling point 2, the tree level was dominated by A. alba with 142 individuals/ha, while R. mucronata dominated the pole and stake level with 1300 and 1467individuals/ha, respectively. At sampling point 3, the pole and stake level was dominated by A. alba with 167 and 933 individuals/ha respectively, while A. marina dominated the sapling level with 800 individuals/ha. At all stations, the density at stake level is greater than that tree level. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out conservation efforts in the form of protection combined with restoration by enrichment planting at all study locations to increase the diversity and density of mangrove vegetation.
Genetic diversity of strawberry cultivars in Banyuroto, Magelang, Indonesia based on Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence
Authors: ARIF MUHAMMAD FAUZI , ARISTYA GANIES RIZA , KASIAMDARI RINA SRI
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Arif MF, Aristya GR, Kasiamdari RS. 2019. Genetic diversity of strawberry cultivars in Banyuroto, Magelang, Indonesia based on Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence. Biodiversitas 20: 1721-1728. Banyuroto Village, Magelang, Central Java is the center of strawberry (Fragaria spp.) development and cultivation program. The mild climate makes the location very suitable for developing sub-tropic horticulture such as strawberry. Various kinds of cultivars have been developed as part of the agrotourism program. However, genetic variation research of those cultivars is still rarely done. Therefore, the molecular study of strawberry was conducted to determine the genetic variation using CAPS markers. DNA of Five strawberry cultivars from Banyuroto and seven strawberry cultivars from Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute, Malang were isolated using the CTAB method. DNA amplification was performed by PCR using four pairs of primers named APx, OLP, F3H2, and CTI2. The amplification results were cut with three kinds of restriction endonuclease enzymes named MboI, MluI, and TaqI. Restriction product was used to analyze the genetic variation of twelve cultivars and to construct the dendrogram using MVSP software with the UPGMA algorithm. The result showed that the percentage of polymorphic was 45% from 9 polymorphic bands. Dendrogram result showed that there were four clusters. Cluster A consists of Stroberi Hitam, Cluster B consists of Californica Cultivars, cluster C consists of Osso Grande and Osso Purbalingga cultivars, and cluster D consists of Rosalinda, Deeprose, Dorit, Earlibrite, Tristar, Festival, Brastagi, and Aerut. This research concluded that CAPS markers can be used as a method for study genetic diversity of strawberries.
Short Communication: Assessment of reclamation success of former limestone quarries in Tuban, Indonesia, based on soil arthropod diversity and soil organic carbon content
Authors: OKTAFITRIA DWI , FEBRIYANTININGRUM KUNTUM , JADID NURUL , NURFITRIA NIA , RAHMADANI FAHMI , AMRULLAH ALFIAN , HIDAYATI DEWI
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Oktafitria D, Febriyantiningrum K, Jadid N, Nurfitria N, Rahmadani F, Amrullah A, Hidayati D. 2019. Assessment of reclamation success of former limestone quarries in Tuban, Indonesia, based on soil arthropod diversity and soil organic carbon content. Biodiversitas 20: 1743-1747. The reclamation for sustainable ecosystem in mined land, including revegetation, is an obligatory program stipulated by the Indonesian government. This study evaluated the ecological improvement of revegetated land at the reclamation sub-areas (RSAs) of former limestone quarries in Tuban, East Java, Indonesia. The RSAs were coded as RSA 2010, RSA 2014, and RSA 2016 which represented the initial year of revegetation as well as the reclamation soil-material, namely the rejected soil-products, topsoil, and spoils, respectively. Soil insects were collected from ten sampling plots at each RSA using pitfall traps. The data of arthropods were analyzed to describe the community structure by determining the Shannon Diversity Index (H’), Simpson’s index (D), Sorensen's similarity and Shannon evenness index (E). The soil organic carbon (SOC) content from the soil composites was analyzed according to the Walkley and Black method. The results showed that SOC value at RSA 2010 (1.851±0.38%) was higher than that at SRA 2014 (1.694±0.29%) and SRA 2016 (0.947±0.10%). There were 18 families found from eight orders of soil insects (Coleoptera, Diplura, Diptera, Entognatha, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Neuroptera, and Orthoptera) and one order from terrestrial crustacea i.e., Isopoda, family Tylidae. The ecological indices of RSA 2014 (H’=1.15; D=0.47; E=0.61) and RSA 2016 (H’=1,19; D=0.47; E=0.57) were higher than those of RSA 2010 (H’=0,61; D=0.71; E=0.43). The Pearson analysis indicated moderate negative correlation (r=0.55) between soil arthropod diversity index and SOC. The diversity of soil arthropods at reclaimed area indicated that the reclamation was successful. Based on the study, we recommend that reclamation is done using mine spoil or topsoil rather than rejected soil products.
Short Communication: The species and body size composition of pelagic fishes that caught by troll line in the fish landing of Sendang Biru, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: HIDAYATI DEWI , OCLANDHI BUGGIE , MAULIDINIA NOVA , SA’ADAH NOOR NAILIS , NURHAYATI AWIK PUJI DYAH
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Hidayati D, Oclandhi B, Maulidinia N, Sa’adah NN, Nurhayati APD. 2019. Short Communication: The species and body size composition of pelagic fishes that caught by troll line in the fish landing of Sendang Biru, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 1764-1769. Troll line is the most used pelagic fishing gear for fishermen in Sendang Biru, the part of Indian ocean at East Java, which have an impact on the catch composition. The study was aimed to obtain data on species composition and size of pelagic fish caught in troll line in Sendang Biru, East Java, Indonesia. Fish samples were collected from nine different vessels landed in Sendang Biru for three days in April 2018. The composition of fish species was measured based on relative abundance. The fish size composition was obtained by measuring fork length which is also used to determine the stage of development of juvenile (Jv) or adult (Ad) fish. The results of the research showed there were four pelagic fish species which dominated by Katsuwonus pelamis or skipjack tuna (50.05%) and Thunnus albacares or yellowfin tuna (47.95%) and a small amount of Coryphaena hippurus and Makaira mazara. According to the body size, the fish caught by troll line in Sendang Biru is dominated by adult skipjack tuna (41-60 cm) and juvenile yellowfin tuna (21-78 cm).
RETRACTED: Thomson backscattering in combined uniform magnetic and envelope modulating circularly polarized laser fields
Authors: Zhu Julia , Xie Bai-Song
Published: June 2019

The Thomson backscattering spectra in combined uniform magnetic and
cosine-enveloped circularly polarized laser fields are studied in
detail. With the introduction of envelope modulation, the radiation
spectra exhibit high complexity attributed to the strong nonlinear
interactions. On the other hand, four fundamental laws related to the
scale invariance of the radiation spectra are analytically revealed
and numerically validated. They are the laws for the radiation energy
as the sixth power of the motion constant exactly, as the approximate
negative sixth power with respect to the initial axial momentum and
laser intensity in certain conditions, respectively, and finally, an
important self-similar law, i.e., when the laser frequency is circular
and the envelope modulation frequency and the modified cyclotron
frequency are simultaneously increased by a factor, the radiation
energy will be increased by the second power of that factor without
changing the shape of the spectrum. With the application of these
laws, especially the last one, a much higher radiation energy can be
obtained and the harmonic at which the maximum radiation occurs can be
precisely tuned without changing its amplitude. These findings provide
a possible way to advance radiation technology in many fields such as
medicine, communications, astrophysics, and security.