bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel 2-Thienyl- and 2-Benzothienyl-Substituted 6-(2-Imidazolinyl)Benzothiazoles: Synthesis; in vitro Evaluation of Antitumor Effects and Assessment of Mitochondrial Toxicity
Authors: Racané Livio , Sedić Mirela , Ilić Nataša , Aleksić Maja , Pavelić Sandra Kraljević , Karminski-Zamola Grace
Published: March 2022

Background: Differently substituted thiophenes are largely studied due to their diverse pharmacological
properties, especially anticancer activity. Recent studies have reported on interesting benzothiophene compounds
antitumor properties and we also recently reported on the synthesis, strong antitumor activities and DNA binding
features of substituted thieno[3',2':4,5]thieno- and benzo[b]thieno[2,3-c]quinolones, containing different substituents,
mostly amidino- or substituted amidino- groups.

Objective: The objective of presented paper was to prepare a series of novel cationic 2-thiophene and 2-
benzothiophene substituted 6-(2- imidazolinyl)benzothiazole derivatives and to test their antiproliferative activity
against several human cancer cell lines.

Method: Synthesis of 2-thiophene and 2-benzothiophene substituted 6-(2-imidazolinyl)benzothiazole derivatives was
carried out by condensation reaction of 2-amino-5-(2-imidazolinium)benzenethiolate with aldehydes or carbonyl
chloride derivatives followed by two simple acid-base reaction steps was used for their conversion into targeted
mesylates. Evaluation of antiproliferative effects and cell death was done by use of MTT assay and annexin-V test,
while expression of sphingosine kinase 1 was studied by Western blot and gluthatione intracellular levels were
measured by use of a luminescence-based assay.

Results: Preparation of water soluble mesylate salts 3a-3j was successfully achieved. In general, all compounds
showed pronounced anticancer activities in vitro. Compound 3f showed strong and selective cytostatic activity in
cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) with moderate toxicity on normal fibroblasts. Similar to all other tested compounds, 3f
cannot be considered a mitochondrial toxicant. One of the major mechanisms accounting for observed cytostatic
effects of 3f was induction of apoptosis, probably due to specific inhibition of acid ceramidase activity. Compound 3h
negatively regulated activity of sphingosine kinase 1 in HeLa cells.

Conclusion: Design of novel inhibitors targeting enzymes that regulate sphingolipid biosynthesis and turnover could
change the landscape for the development of new anticancer drugs.
Ruthenium(II) Complexes as Potential Apoptosis Inducers in Chemotherapy
Authors: Zheng Kangdi , Wu Qiong , Wang Chengxi , Tan Weijun , Mei Wenjie
Published: March 2022

Herein, the development of ruthenium complexes as potential apoptosis inducers, as well as their
underlying mechanism has been reviewed. In recent years, various ruthenium complexes have been designed
and their in vitro and in vivo inhibitory activities against various types of tumor cells have been evaluated
extensively. It’s demonstrated that ruthenium complexes can induce apoptosis of tumor cells through the signal
pathway of mitochondria-mediated, death receptor-mediated, and/or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress
pathways. Alternately, the binding behavior of these ruthenium(II) complexes with DNA, especially with Gquadruplex
DNA may play a key role in the DNA damage of tumor cells, and thus provides a versatile tool to
rational design novel ruthenium complexes with high activity and selectivity.
Induction of Autophagic Cell Death in Apoptosis-resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells using Benzo[α]phenoxazines Derivatives, 10-methyl-benzo[α]phenoxazine-5-one and benzo[α]phenoxazine-5-one
Authors: Pal Sanjima , Salunke-Gawalib Sunita , Konkimallaa V. Badireenath
Published: March 2022

Background: Intrinsic resistance to apoptotic cell death due to co-occurrence of mutated KRAS and p53 is
frequently reported in pancreatic cancer that renders them aggressive, highly proliferative and metastatic. In addition,
these cancer types are less sensitive to apoptosis inducing drugs where promotion of autophagic cell death could be a
viable option for treatment under such circumstances.

Objective: In this study we examined the potential of three intrinsically fluorescent benzo[α]phenoxazines or BPZs
(R=Cl, CH3, H) to induce cytotoxic autophagy in chemo and apoptosis-resistant, KRAS and p53 mutated pancreatic
cancer model cell line, MIAPaCa-2.

Methods: Cells were adapted at in vitro metabolically stressed condition (5% serum) to initiate intrinsic cell survival
strategies within. Cell proliferation, colonogenicity, cellular uptake, retention, localization, cellular granularity and
presence of both apoptosis and autophagy biomarkers were assessed in BPZ treated/untreated (solvent) cells to validate
induction of concentration dependent cytotoxic autophagy and other consequences.

Results: For the first time, we report the ability of this class of compounds to accumulate within cells increasing its
granularity, inducing death via autophagy. From different kinetics study, it was observed that the autophagic-cell death
was dependent on the ligand type, duration of incubation or working concentrations.

Conclusion: Among the three BPZ tested, both 3B (benzo[α]phenoxazine-5-one) and 2B (10-methyl-benzo[α]
phenoxazine-5-one) induced pro-death autophagy in MIAPaCa-2 cells at an IC50 of 5 μM and 20 μM respectively.
Such compounds would be of great interest to explore as novel cytotoxic autophagy inducing agents in apoptosisresistant
cancer types.
effect of inbound marketing on online customer engagement
Authors: Mosa Raafat Awad
Published: March 2022

In today's digital world, marketers are facing challenges that make them care about customer engagement more than ever. The technological developments and the wide spread of the Internet have enhanced the role that customers play in creating value for the marketer, which has gone beyond buying to online interaction and engagement behaviors. Therefore, the study sought to examine the effect of inbound marketing as an approach described as the most effective in the digital age on encouraging online customer engagement. Therefore, the study sought to examine and diagnose the nature of the influence of inbound marketing as an approach described as the most effective in the digital age to encouraging online customer engagement. In the field axis, the study relied on a quantitative approach by targeting retail stores in Basra Governorate – Iraq, A sample of (237) retailers was surveyed using the random sampling method. The results showed that there is a narrow interest of retailers in the inbound marketing approach in enhancing online customer engagement, which focuses mainly on the presence of those retailers on social media networks.
Çocuk çağı hemanjiyomları ve sonuçları
Authors: Duman Mehmet Burak , Kara Buket , Sert Ahmet , Köksal Yavuz
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı hemanjiyom tanısı alan çocuklarda demografik ve klinik özellikleri ile tedavileri ve tedavi sonuçlarının incelenmesidir.
Hastalar ve Yöntemler: Ekim 2017- Eylül 2019 tarihleri arasında hemanjiyom tanısı alan 100 çocuk hastanın dosyası geriye dönük olarak incelendi. Hastaların demografik ve klinik özellikleri, tedavi yaklaşımları ve sonuçları not edildi.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya dâhil edilen 100 hastanın 66’sı (%66) kız, 34’ü (%34) erkekti. Hastaların yaş gruplarına göre, 0-3 ay, 3-6 ay, 6-12 ay, 12-24 ay ve >24 ay yaş gruplarında sırasıyla 35, 28, 23, 8 ve 6 hasta vardı. Atmış bir hastada (%61), hemanjiyom baş-boyun bölgesinde yerleşimli iken, baş-boyun dışı yerleşim 39 (%39) hastada saptandı. Tedavi yaklaşımları 71 hastada oral propranolol, 21 hastada topikal timolol damla ve 8 hastada oral propranolol + oral metilprednisolon idi. Oral propranolol ile tedavi edilen 37 hastada (%52), topikal timolol damla ile tedavi edilen 7 hastada (%33,3) ve oral propranolol + oral metilprednisolon ile tedavi edilen üç hastada (37,5) yanıt alındı. Stabil hastalık, oral propranolol alan hastaların 13'ünde (%45,1), topikal timolol damla uygulanan hastaların 13'ünde (%61,9) ve oral propranolol + oral kortikosteroid alan hastaların dördünde (%50) saptandı.
Sonuç: çocuklarda, hemanjiyom tedavisinde özellikle oral propranolol tedavisinin etkili ve güvenilir bir tedavi yöntemi olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Investigating the Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in pregnant women from Turkey by pool analyses method
Authors: Dindar Demiray Emine Kübra , Alkan Sevil , Barutçu Adnan , Tahmaz Alper
Published: March 2022

Aim: Toxoplasmosis in pregnancy may cause ophthalmologic and neurological sequelae in the fetus. However, this screening is not clearly included in routine screening protocols in our country. Therefore, there is no general information about the exact prevalence of the disease. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the toxoplasmosis seroprevalence studies conducted in Turkey during pregnancy using the pool analysis method and to show the differences between seroprevalence rates by region.
Material and method: Published literature in English and Turkish language on toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in pregnancy from Turkey in the last 30 years were elevated. Four international databases were scanned by using the keywords " Toxoplasmosis " OR " Toxoplasma gondii" OR " TORCH" and " seroprevalence" OR "IG G" and " pregnant women” OR " pregnancy” OR " pregnant” and ''Turkey''or 'Turkish'. The publications were evaluated in terms of the general frequency, city, region, year, sample size, diagnostic method. Conference papers were not included in the study. Studies involving refugee women in the sample group were excluded.
Results: A total number of 58 studies and 256612 test results were included. ELISA (n=22) was the most preferred laboratory diagnostic method. The average Anti-Toxo IgG seroprevalence rate in the pregnant population in Turkey was found to be 36.76%. And the average of Anti-Toxo IgM rate was found to be 2.91%. As a result of our study, the highest Anti-Toxo IgG test results were; It was found in studies conducted in Southeastern Anatolia (59.43%), Mediterranean (43.95%), and Eastern Anatolia (40.89%). The regions with the lowest Anti-Toxo IgG test results are respectively; Aegean Region (30.25%), Marmara Region (31.21%), and Black Sea Region (31.80%). Anti-Toxo IgM ratios are highest respectively; It was detected in Aegean Region (5.65%), Mediterranean Region (2.77%), and Southeastern Anatolia (2.21%).
Conclusion: It has been determined that western Turkey (Aegean Region) is riskier in terms of congenital toxoplasmosis due to its high susceptibility to Toxoplasma infection associated with low toxoplasma seroprevalence compared to the east, and it is considered important to perform at least region-based prenatal toxoplasma screening to prevent this.
Yenidoğan Brakiyal Pleksus Yaralanmaları; Obstetrik Brakiyal Pleksus Yaralanması Olan Yenidoğanların Doğum Özelliklerinin Retrospektif Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Ergün Tuğrul , Sarıkaya Sevcan
Published: March 2022

Amaç: Perinatal brakial pleksus yaralanması(BPY) görülen yenidoğan hastalarının doğum özelliklerini ve eşlik eden ek patolojilerini incelemektir.
Gereç ve Yöntem: 2016-2021 yılları arasında perinatal BPY nedeniyle ortopedi ve travmatoloji kliniğine konsulte edilen hastalar retrospektif olarak tarandı. Hastaların doğum özellikleri ve eşlik eden perinatal patolojileri kayıt altına alınarak istatiksel analizleri gerçekleştirildi.
Bulgular: 4687 canlı doğum arasında 75 hastada BPY görüldü. Hastaların %78.7(n=59)’sinin spontan vajinal yol ile , % 21.3(n=16)’ünün sezaryen doğum ile doğurtulduğu gözlemlendi. Hastaların % 53.3(n=40)’ü erkeklerden oluşmaktayken, %73.3 (n=55)’ünde pleksus hasarı sağ ekstremitede idi. %57.3(n=43)’ünde eşlik eden omuz distosisi, %20(n=15)’sinde klavikula kırığı bulunmaktaydı. Omuz distosili hastaların doğum ağırlığı, boy uzunlukları ve baş çevresi uzunluklarının omuz distosisi olmayan hastalara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu gözlemlendi.(p=0.001,p=0.037,p=0.023) Klavikula kırığı gözlenen hastaların doğum ağırlığı, boy uzunlukları ve baş çevresi ve göğüs çevresi uzunluklarının klavikula kırığı olmayan hastalara göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğu gözlemlendi.(p=0,000, p=0.012, p=0.044, p=0.035).
Sonuç: Yenidoğan bebeklerde artmış doğum ağırlığı, kafa çapı uzunluğu, boy uzunluğu ve göğüs çevresi uzunluğu artmış perinatal komplikasyonlarla ilişkili olduğu gözlemlendi. Bu yenidoğan bebeklerin; BPY, omuz distosisi ve klavikula kırığı oluşması açısından değerlendirilmeleri önerilir.
The Effectiveness of Pandan Wangi Leaves (Pandanus Amaryllifolius Roxb.)Body Scrub Formulation in Smoothing the Skin
Authors: L Leny , Diana Vivi Eulis , Ginting Mandike , Iskandar Benni , Fadhila Cahya
Published: March 2022

This study aims to formulate ethanol extract of pandan wangi leaves into a cream body scrub preparation and examining the effectiveness of body scrub in smoothing the skin by analyzing the moisture and evenness of volunteers' skin. This research was carried out by sample processing, extract making, formulating cream body scrub preparation by evaluating its consistency, color and odor (organoleptic), homogeneity, pH of preparation, spreadability, emulsion type, irritation test, stability and effectiveness test using skin analyzer. Cream scrub preparations were made with several concentrations, namely 1%, 2% and 3%. The results of the study showed that the ethanol extract of pandan wangi leaves (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) could be formulated in cream scrub preparations which show homogeneous preparations, pH ranging from 5.4-6.0, met the requirements for spreadability, was an oil in water emulsion type, did not irritate the skin and the preparations were stable during the accelerated stability test with cycling test method. Furthermore, the cream scrub preparations of Pandan wangi leaf extract can increase moisture and improve skin smoothness until 31.48% and show a significant different with another group test (p<0.05).
To Review on Aromatherapy and Herbs List Use in Aromatherapy
Authors: Parihar Shweta , C Chattarpal , Sharma Devender
Published: March 2022

Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils derived from herbs, flowers, and other plants for therapeutic purposes. Essential oils can enter the body through the skin or through the olfactory system. Aromatherapy is delivered in a variety of ways, including diffusers, baths, massage, and compresses. Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils derived from herbs, flowers, and other plants for therapeutic purposes. The goal of this overview was to give a summary of systematic reviews that evaluated the efficacy of aromatherapy. This overview aims to summarise and critically assess all systematic evaluations on aromatherapy as a treatment for any health problem. Our ultimate goal is to provide clearer recommendations to clinicians on the efficacy of this method.
To Review on the Pharmacology of the Leaf Extract of Catharanthus Roseus
Authors: Parihar Shweta , Sharma Devender , Chirania Amit , Telrandhe Umesh B.
Published: March 2022

Catharanthus roseus a species, a well-known home-grown herb in India, that belong to the genus Catharanthus of the Apocynaceae family. The Catharanthus roseusroots, stems, flowers and leaves are employed in herbal therapy, and also used as a herbal plant and ornamental plant. It is native and endemic to Madagascar, although it is also planted as an ornamental and therapeutic plant in other parts of the world. Pharmacological and therapeutic research, on the leaf of the Catharanthus roseusand its active components are presented in this overview.
Phytochemical and Anti-Inflammatory of Uncaria gambir: A Review
Authors: Auliana Fia Rizka , Ifora Ifora , Fauziah Fitra
Published: March 2022

Inflammation occurs because of a response to tissue injury, cell death, cancer, ischemia, and degeneration. Uncaria gambir is one of the pharmacological solutions in overcoming inflammation. U. gambir has traditionally been used as a febrifuge, pain reliever, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and burn wound healing. The purpose of this paper is to present knowledge of the phytochemical and anti-inflammatory properties of U. gambir. This review provides literature evidence from 2011 to 2021. Three search sources were used as literature review sources (Pub Med, Science Direct, and Google Scholar). 13 articles in this review were based on our eligibility criteria. Pharmacological studies reported that U. gambir had been shown to have anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the volume of edema, inhibiting the enzymes COX-1, COX-2, 5-LOX, and iNOS. The phytochemical compounds contained in U. gambir were flavonoids, phenolics, polyphenols, catechins, spiroxylopropane rings, proanthocyanidins, alkaloids, epicatechins, and caffeic acid, which were distributed in leaves, trunk, bark, shoots, stems, and gambir.
Survey Study of the Global Disorder Anemia
Authors: Raval Dhriti K. , Patel Janvi , Pavagadhi Nidhi , Patel Himaxi , Trivedi Naitik , Trivedi Upama
Published: March 2022

Anemia is caused due to nutritional deficiency and has affected public health at a global level. It has affected both developing and developed countries with majority consequences to human health and social and economic development. According to WHO reports, one-third of the global population (over 2 billion) are anemic due to an imbalance in their nutritious food intake. The main objective behind conducting this survey study was to check the effect of RO versus Tap water drinking on anemia. Through this survey, we found out the side effects, causes of illness, medication effects, and the age groups acquainted with getting anemia. The study was conducted in a region of the Anand district. Total 40 anemic people we had selected randomly for the survey. Out of 40 selected people, 10 were male while 30 were females. We found out in our study that among the 10 male participants, 8 were consuming RO water while 2 of them were consuming tap/simple water, and out of a total of 30 females, 16 of them consuming RO water and 14 are consuming the tap/simple water. In our study, we observed that the age group between 19-25 was most affected by anemic conditions. Out of 10 anemic males, none of them had illnesses. Out of 30 anemic females, three females had another kind of illness. Further in our study, out of 8 males, there were only 2 of them who were found to be vegetarian and non-vegetarian respectively, looking towards female’s ratio out of 27 and 3 females were found to be vegetarian and non-vegetarian respectively. Based on this survey study we can conclude that maximum cases of anemia have been reported between an age group of 19-25 out of the survey of 40 people, of which 10 are males and 30 females. There were 8 males out of 10 who were vegetarian and twenty-seven females out of which 30 were vegetarian and hence could be a possible cause for the prevalence of anemia, another possible cause could be the replacement of simple water with tap water which was found to be a preference of 8 out of total 24 RO consumers,10 males and 14 females may be a cause of anemia.
Cytotoxic Activity of Endophytic Fungus against HeLa Cells (Cervical Cancer Cells): A Article Review
Authors: Suryani Fitri , Aulia Bakhtra Dwi Dinni , Fajrina Anzharni
Published: March 2022

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in every country worldwide. It has been growing rapidly every year. One type of cancer is cervical cancer. Cervical cancer fourth rank suffered in women worldwide after endometrial, colorectal, and breast cancer. This review article aims to summarize and describe several research reports of endophytic fungi and their cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells (cervical cancer cells). This article review was made by conducting a literature study. Literature is collected from various sources such as official pharmaceutical scientific books, national and international journals published in the last twenty years. Endophytic fungi play an important role in providing a constant supply of anticancer with minimal side effects and high target specificity at an affordable cost.Therefore, it is necessary to explore and utilize the compounds contained in endophytic fungi. Further research on endophytic fungi needs to be done to find new drug candidates to fight deadly diseases in humans such as cervical cancer.
Recent Advances in Herbal Medicines – An Updated Review
Authors: Roy Dhritiman , Chakraborty Arindam , Mukherjee Payel , Ghosh Balaram , Chakraborty Manas
Published: March 2022

Nowadays peoples throughout the world have been attracting towards the herbal medicines.  Worldwide favour the traditional healthcare system, so day-by-day uses of herbal remedies to cure diseases is increase instead of alternative medicines. Herbal drugs have an ability to maintain health and to treat various diseases therefore herbal drugs have been used since very earlier days. To fulfil the public requirement many companies have been using herbal drug technology for converting botanical materials into medicines, where standardization, quality control, modern scientific techniques and traditional knowledge are very necessary. This review focuses on recent trends in Herbal drugs and main motto is to explain the therapeutic effectiveness of various herbal drugs, adverse drug reactions, drug interactions, standardization and stability testing of herbal medicines, pharmacovigilance and regulatory status of herbal medicines.
A Combine Spectrophotometric and Chromatographic Method Development and Validation of Levetiracetam Bulk And Tablet Dosage Form
Authors: Pimpale Amol , Pagare Rutuja , Aher Smita , Phadtare Dipti
Published: March 2022

Objective: Objective of the present analytical research work was to develop and validate Spectrophotometric method and High Performance Liquid Chromatographic method (HPLC Method) for the Levetiracetam bulk and tablet dosage form

Methods: A spectrophotometric method and a HPLC method have been developed and validated for estimation of Levetiracetam in bulk.

Method A (UV SPECTROMETRY Method): Methanol was used for the preparation of stock and working standard solutions of the drugs. 400-200nm UV range was used to scanned standard solutions of drugs using UV spectrophotometer. The λmax of Levetiracetam was found to be 220 nm.

Method B (HPLC Method): The HPLC method for Levetiracetam was developed using cosmosil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, particle size: 5 μm), as stationary particle, isocratic mode. Methanol: ACN: Water (60:20:20) pH3 as a mobile phase. The mobile phase was maintained at a flow rate of 1 ml / min and the detection was carried out at 220 nm. Both the methods were validated according to the ICH guidelines.

Results: Levetiracetam was found to be linear in the concentration range of 10-50 µg/ml for spectrophotometric and HPLC method. Retention time was found to be 4.5 min for Levetiracetam.

Interpretation and Conclusion: Results of  validation study were found to be satisfactory. So, the methods can be successfully applied for the routine analysis of Levetiracetam.
Diabetes Mellitus and the Possibility of Developing Dementia
Authors: Kumar S. Nelson , Basha V. Wazeed , Sireesha C. , Gnanaprakasam G. Jacob , Kalyan M. Pavan , Padmakar Somanaboina
Published: March 2022

Background: Dementia and cognitive dysfunction have many causes. There is strong evidence that diabetes mellitus (DM) increases the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. A prophylactic approach, optimal glycaemic control, and identification of diabetic risk factors are essential to preventing cognitive complications.

Objective: The main objectives of this study are to assess the severity of dementia by using the Clinical Dementia Rating scale (CDR), and the effect of longevity of diabetes mellitus on the severity of dementia.

Method: It is a Hospital-based prospective observational study, in which the patients were enrolled into the study after taking an informed consent form from them based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results: Out of 80 patients, 62(77.5%) were suffering with dementia and 18(22.5%) were found to be normal. The diabetes patients included in this study had a duration of diabetes ranges from 6 to 30 years. Using the CDR scale, 24 of them (30%) were diagnosed with moderate dementia.

Conclusion: According to our findings, we emphasize the need to consider DM as a potential risk factor for dementia.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Eucalyptus Globulus Plant Extract In Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Kamble Ujwala B. , Chaware V. J , Redasani V. K.
Published: March 2022

Objective: Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Eucalyptus globules Plant Extract in Alloxan- Induced Diabetic Rats.

Method: Methanolic leaves extract of Eucalyptus globulus plant was prepared by Soxhlet extraction method and stored in refrigerator at 4℃ for two days before use. Male Albino Wistar rats were made diabetic at the dose of Alloxan (150mg/kg/day i.p.). Methanolic leaves extract of Eucalyptus globulus plant (200mg/kg, 400mg/kg & 600mg/kg/day p.o.) was screened for antidiabetic activity. Standard drug Glibenclamide (0.5mg/kg/day i.p.) was administered to the second group of animals for 14 days. Blood glucose level and body weight of rats were recorded on Initial & Final days of treatment. Further hypoglycemic & OGTT evaluation were done. At the end of treatment biochemical estimations & histopathological examination of pancreas were also carried out.

Result: The statistical data indicated, 14 Days oral administration of Methanolic leaves extract of Eucalyptus globulus plant caused a significant (????< 0.05) reductions in blood glucose level, hypoglycemicpotential, significant oral glucose tolerance &gain in body weight as compared with toxic control group. Further showed improvement in altered biochemical parameters associated with diabetes. Concurrent histopathological examination of pancreas of these animals showed regeneration by Methanolic leaves extract which were earlier necrosed by Alloxan.

Conclusion: Results obtained in this study substantiate the Antidiabetic potential of Methanolic leaves extract of Eucalyptus globulus plant the source of Ellagitannins a bioactive polyphenol and could be considered for further evaluation in clinical studies and drug development.
Treatment of Waste Whey by Solvent Sublation Method
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Goutam , Sarkar Aditya , Samanta Manisha , Pal Tripti , Chakraborty Biswajit , Dutta Chandrima , Roy Abhinandan , Halder Pijush , Dutta Souhardya
Published: March 2022

Whey liquid is produced in large amounts all over the world every day, this liquid has a high biochemical oxygen demand due to which it creates a serious problem named pollution. But if the liquid is treated beforehand the problem can be overcome. While there are several conventional techniques to treat the liquid before dumping, still they are not as efficient as the solvent sublation method. However, this method is not widely studied yet for large-scale applications. In this study, our objective was to determine the effect of several factors which can alter this method’s efficiency e.g. pH, Gas flow rate, volumetric flow rate, the concentration of feed, etc. We discussed in which conditions the solvent sublation process will give its maximum efficiency. This study will not only help in wastewater treatment but also for the separation of molecules of interest from a solution.
Novel Corona Virus: Its Origin, Current Dignosis And Various Diseases Arises Due To Covid-19
Authors: B Gawali Mangesh , R Sangle Rahul
Published: March 2022

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 is responsible for the emergence and propagation of new coronavirus illness 2019 i.e. COVID-19, have posed a significant threat to global public health. Coronaviruses are enveloped single positive-stranded RNA viruses with the biggest viral genome (26-33kb) among the RNA viruses, belonging to the Corona viridae family.This potentially deadly virus spreads quickly from person to person. To control the epidemics of COVID-19, large-scale measures such as isolation of infected patients, social distancing, frequent washing of hands, and the usage of face masks have been implemented.In this review, we provide a brief overview of the highly pathogenic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus outbreaks,its origin, symptoms, clinical features, preventive measures, current diagnostic tools and therapeutic strategies. We also discuss about various diseases arises due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Survey Study: Based On Current Trends of People Regarding Self-Medication
Authors: Trivedi Naitik , Patel Himaxi , Patel Janvi , Pavagadhi Nidhi , Trivedi Upama
Published: March 2022

This study was performed at Sai Druggist and Chemist Shop, Anand, Gujarat. We have included total number of 30 patients in our study to know current trends of people regarding self-medication in the region of anand district. Based on this study we have observed that out of total 30 patients 12 had taken the drug via prescription and 18 had taken the self-medication. We have performed the study on both the sex groups male and female and we observed that 10 male and 8 female had taken the self-medication, and 7 male and 5 female had taken the prescribed medication. Out of total patient 10 patient taken the self-medication by their own experience, 7 patients taken self-medication suggested by friend/family member and 1 patient taken self-medication suggested by the media/advertisement.
Cubosomes: A Potential Drug Delivery System
Authors: Chaudhary Kajal , Sharma Devender
Published: March 2022

The discovery of cubosomes is a classic story and deals with food science, differential geometry, biological membranes and digestive processes. Cubosomes are highly balanced and nanoparticles in design formed primarily from the lipid cubic state and protected by a polymer-based outer circle. Hydrating a surfactant that designates cubic phase and then disperses a solid state into smaller particles, typically forms cubosomes. They behave concretely like rheology with unique properties of practical interest. Cubosome formation can be optimized to engineer pore size or consist of bioactive lipids, polymers can be used for targeting to the outer circle and they are highly secure under physiological conditions. This type of network structure gives them greater drug trapping potential. Related to liposomes, the structure adds a significantly more enhanced membrane surface area to trap membrane proteins and small drug entities. Cubosome may increase the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. Due to modern advances, nanoparticles patterns include drug delivery, membrane bioreactors, artificial cells and biosensors and can be engineered both in vitro. This review, focused on modern advances in cubosome technology, not only facilitates their work but also contributes to standard procedures for the rational design of innovative systems for biomedical applications. Due to the nature of cubosome dispersion being bio-adhesive and biocompatible, as well as having different properties, cubosomes are functional systems, administered in a variety of ways, such as orally and parenterally. Cubosome structure is investigated through electron microscopy, light scattering, X-rays, and NMR, although some researchers are studying the potential of cubosomes as a delivery system.
Repurposed Drugs and Alternate Therapeutic Possibilities for Challenges Posed By Covid-19
Authors: Verma Khushbu , Kapoor Neha , Kumar Lamha , Yadav Neelam , Mondal Ghorai Soma
Published: March 2022

Pandemics like SARS-CoV-2 and its associated illness named COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) have become a regular occurrence in the past recent decades. Though, novel Coronavirus devastated human lives, its earlier cousins SARS-CoV1, MERS and lesser known infections like 229E, NL63, OC43, HK01 were less threatening.  Humankind should brace up towards identifying, managing and finding a suitable cure to prevent incidence of such deadly diseases.it is a well-known fact that viral diseases can be curbed only with vaccines. In this respect, the world has witnessed both the design and delivery of vaccines against SARS-CoV2 in a record time. Candidates for Vaccines designed vary from targeting proteins or nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) of the virus, with or without adjuvants with a potency to generate memory. Though, this has been lauded by the entire humankind, there is still the need for other therapeutics to control and treat COVID-19. Therapeutic Drugs are inexhaustible group of molecules that showed some promise in diagnosis, treatment or prevention of SARS-CoV-2 but provide no form of ‘memory’. In this Review, we summarize the current knowledge on the therapeutic options other than vaccines or licensed antiviral drugs that can be repurposed to be considered for the treatment and prevention of the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Assessment of antiurolithiatic potential of gallic acid on calcium oxalate crystallization and ethylene glycol induced lithiasis
Authors: Patel Neeraj Kumar , Basedia Deepak Kumar , Dubey B. K.
Published: March 2022

In the present work, the effect of gallic acid on nucleation and aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals and on ethylene glycol induced lithiasis was evaluated. Gallic acid is a natural phenolic compound found in several fruits and medicinal plants. It is reported to have several health-promoting effects. The presence of peaks at 3700, 1715, 1550-1650 are indicative of the presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, and aromatic ring respectively. The results of solubility analysis indicate that gallic acid is soluble in organic solvents easily and is partially or sparingly soluble in aqueous solution. Gallic acid was able to inhibit the rate of nucleation as well as aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals in the in vitro experiment. It is exerted diuretic action in rats and was able to decrease the activity of the biomarkers of lithiasis viz. lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in ethylene glycol induced lithiatic rats. It could be concluded from the study that gallic acid is a potent anti urolithiatic compound and can be optimized for treatment of kidney stones.
Characterization of Celecoxib β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complexes Using Solvent Evaporation Method
Authors: Rosaini Henni , Sandra Novena , Halim Auzal
Published: March 2022

Celecoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for the treatment of pain and inflammation. Celecoxib is included in class II in the Biopharmaceutis ClassificationAsystem drug (BCS) which has low solubility and high permeability. This study aims to increase the solubility and dissolution rate of celecoxib by characterizing the inclusion complex of celecoxib β-cyclodextrin. Inclusion complexes were prepared by the solvent evaporation method using a water-soluble polymer, β-cyclodextrin. The inclusion complexes were prepared in a 1: 1 ratio between celecoxib and β-cyclodextrins. As a comparison, a physical mixture with the same composition was made. Powder mixtures of physics and inclusion complexes characterized by physicochemical properties include: FT-IR spectroscopy analysis, DSC analysis, assay and dissolution test. The dissolution test was determined by the paddle method. The results of characterization of the inclusion complex using FT-IR spectrophotometry showed a shift in the wave number as well as the physical interaction between celecoxib and β-cyclodextrin. The results of the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) decreased the enthalpy and melting point between celecoxib, the physical mixture and the inclusion complex. The dissolution test showed an increase in dissolution rate at 60 minutes, namely Celecoxib 55.03%, physical mixture 61.58% and inclusion complex 67.53%.
How is the Oral Hygiene of Elementary School Students?- Saliva pH, Saliva Volume and Saliva Viscosity
Authors: A’yun Quroti
Published: March 2022

Background: Salivary pH, saliva volume, and saliva viscosity as part of the host affect the health of the oral cavity. High saliva viscosity affects the decrease in salivary flow rate which causes the accumulation of food debris which can eventually lead to plaque and tartar. Objective: This study aims to determine the effect of saliva status on the OHI-S index in elementary school children. Methods: This type of research is observational with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted on elementary school students in four elementary schools in Sleman City, Yogyakarta, with a total sample of 100 children. The independent variable is salivary status and the dependent variable is the OHI-S index. Collecting data by examining salivary status and examining OHI-S and analyzing data using Chi-Square. Result: there is an effect between pH, volume, and viscosity of saliva on the OHI-S index in children aged 9-11 years with p<0.05. Conclusion: saliva status affects the oral hygiene of elementary school students.
In Silico Studies: Virtual Screening Of The Compound Of Sea Fan (Gorgonia Mariae) As Antiasthmatic
Authors: Mustarichie Resmi , Kelutur Faruk Jayanto
Published: March 2022

Sterol is a secondary metabolites for a group of steroids that can treat a disease caused by synergistic effect between compound of metabolite with polyvalent activity. Sea fan (G. mariae) has a major compound (sterol) that has been used by the society of Maluku, Indonesia as an asthma substance but needs research done because it has not been reported widely and only empirical data from the society. For that, virtual screening is a necessary using the in silico method as a first step in determining the effectiveness and predicting the value of free energy bonding (ΔG), inhibition contents (Ki), interaction of amino acid residue using Autodock Tools 4.2, Lipinski Rule of Five and pre-ADMET in determining absorption, distribution and toxicity. The result showed that 24-methyl cholesterol had a value of ΔG (-9.98 kcal/mol) and Ki (48.26 nM), where the value of ΔG were smaller than salmeterol as a comparative drug. Prediction of oral drug candidate is a not eligible because the of Log P should not be >5 (Log P = 7.635). The value of absorption (HIA = 100% ; Caco-2 = 51.404 nm sec-1) and toxicity (there are no risk of mutagenic and carcinogenic). Thus, compound of the 24-methyl cholesterol from G. mariae are potentially as asthma medications but cannot be administered oral.
Application of Red Dragon Fruit Dyes as Staining in Histological Study
Authors: Asra Ridho , R Rusdi , Fitrina Indah Kemala , Nessa Nessa
Published: March 2022

Background: The betacyanin pigment found in dragon fruit flesh (Hylocereus costaricensis (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose) has many advantages, for instance as a tissue histology dye.

Objectives: determining the properties of organs stained with betacyanin red dye and finding alternative histology colors to replace synthetic hematoxylin-eosin dyes.

Summary of contents of the article: The flesh of the red dragon fruit (Hylocereus costaricensis (F.A.C.Weber) Britton & Rose) was extracted using the Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) method. The study employed six male white mice divided into two treatment groups: a placebo group induced with 1% Na.CMC carrier solution and a positive control group generated a toxic dose of paracetamol. The results were visually compared to hematoxylin-eosin with standard betacyanin and betacyanin extract of red dragon fruit flesh concentrations of 50% (v/v), 80% (v/v), and 100% (v/v).

Conclusion: Betacyanin from the flesh of the red dragon fruit can be applied as a histological dye in the liver of male white mice and as a counterstaining hematoxylin as a substitute for eosin dye at a concentration of 100% (v/v).
Development and Validation of Difference Spectrophotometric Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Rosuvastatin Calcium and Aspirin in Marketed Formulation
Authors: Padmavathi R , Padmavathi Y , Babu N Raghavendra , Akhila V , Keerthi G
Published: March 2022

Objective: To develop and validate a simple Vierordt method for the simultaneous estimation of rosuvastatin calcium (RSV ca) and aspirin (ASP) in fixed dose combination capsules by difference spectrophotometry technique in the UV region. Difference spectrophotometry is based on the utilization of difference absorption spectra corresponding to the same compound obtained at two different pH values. 

Methodology: The difference in spectral characteristics for the two drugs was observed in 0.01N acetic acid and 0.01N NaOH. The simultaneous equations were developed using difference absorbance and absorptivity values of the two drugs measured and calculated at 243.2nm and 297nm for RSV ca and ASP respectively.

Results: Two drugs have shown very good linearity in the concentration range of 10-100µg/ml. The methods were validated as per ICH guidelines for the limit of detection, the limit of quantification, accuracy, and precision, which were found to be within the acceptable limits. The validated method was successfully applied for the analysis of rosuvastatin calcium and aspirin in fixed dose combination capsules.

Conclusion: Because this approach is simple and does not require a particular programme, it can be used as a substitute for LC methods in quality control laboratories that lack the necessary equipment for those techniques.
Home Oxygen Therapy for Thai Preterm Infants with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A 20-year Review
Authors: Grajangdara Vipada , Kamalaporn Harutai , Limrungsikul Anchalee
Published: March 2022

Background: Consequences of lung injury and inflammation in preterm
infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) contribute to prolonged
oxygen requirements. We aim to identify the median age of home oxygen
discontinuation and the factors that might predict longer use of home
oxygen therapy. Methods: All preterm (≤36 weeks’ gestation) infants
diagnosed BPD who required home oxygen therapy in Ramathibodi hospital
during January 2000 – December 2019 were recruited in this
retrospective study. Timing of home oxygen withdrawal were identified as
the primary outcome. Demographic data, severity of BPD, history of
respiratory support, procedures, prenatal history, comorbidities, and
complications were recorded and analyzed as the associated factors of
home oxygen withdrawal. Results: Of the 40 infants, 18 (45%)
successfully weaned oxygen within 12 months. The median corrected age
(CA) of oxygen withdrawal was 13.8 months (8.5, 22.1). Longer duration
of total respiratory support, longer length of hospital stay, and poor
weight gain were associated with longer duration of oxygen use. Infants
who gained higher weight at oxygen withdrawal were associated with
shorter duration of home oxygen use at 12 months CA (adjusted OR, 1.97;
95% CI, 1.13-3.23; p = 0.015) and 15 months CA (adjusted OR, 1.98; 95%
CI, 1.20-3.27; p = 0.007). Conclusions: The median corrected age of
oxygen withdrawal in Thai BPD infants was 13.8 months. Factors
associated with prolonged home oxygen use included longer duration of
respiratory support, length of hospital stay, severe BPD, and poor
weight gain.
Safety of sugammadex for reversal of neuromuscular block: a post-marketing study based on the World Health Organization pharmacovigilance database
Authors: Lyu Qiang , Ye Pei , Zhang Hewei , Ye Xiaofei , Zheng Yi , Xu Jinfang , Chen Xiao , Chen Chenxin , Guo Xiaojing
Published: March 2022

Aim: Residual neuromuscular blockade is a common complication after
general anaesthesia. Sugammadex can reverse the action of aminosteroid
neuromuscular blockers. Our study aimed to explore sugammadex safety
issues in the real world and determine the spectrum of adverse
reactions. Methods: All sugammadex-related adverse events reported in
VigiBase between 2010 and 2019 were classified by group queries
according to the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. A
disproportionality analysis of data was performed using the information
component (IC); positive IC values were deemed significant. Results:
Overall, 16,219,410 adverse events were reported, and 2032 were
associated with sugammadex. The most frequent reactions were recurrence
of neuromuscular blockade (n = 54, IC: 6.74, 95% credibility interval
[CI]: 6.33–7.10), laryngospasm (n = 53, IC: 6.05, IC025:5.64),
bronchospasm (n = 119, IC: 5.63 , IC025:5.36), and bradycardia (n = 169,
IC: 5.13, IC025:4.90). Fatal cases were more likely with cardiac
disorders, especially in patients over 65 years. In addition, the common
adverse drug reactions (ADRs) differed between different age groups (P
< 0.01). The ADRs were higher between 0–17 years than in
other age groups. The onset time of common ADRs was typically within one
day, and 68.9% occurred within half an hour after sugammadex
administration. Conclusions: Anaesthesiologists should carefully monitor
the anaesthesia recovery period to correct the adverse drug reactions
caused by sugammadex and recommend monitoring neuromuscular function
throughout the anaesthesia process. Sugammadex should be used carefully
in patients with cardiovascular diseases, and ECG and hemodynamic
changes monitored after medication.
Intraoperative margin assessment of large breast specimens
Authors: Nakad Bothaina , Simovici Paula , Milevsky Daria , Brodsky Asia
Published: March 2022

We present here a case of the utility of Tomosynthesis in real time
during surgery for margin assessment. This vigorous planning of
operative steps allows one-step procedure with maximal outcome.
Regeneration of Capto™ Core 700 Resin through High Throughput and Laboratory Scale Studies and Impact on Production of a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidate
Authors: Konstantinidis Spyridon , Reinhart Seth R. , Castagna Christine , Poplyk Murphy R. , Rustandi Richard , Flor Kristen L. , Acevedo-Skrip Jillian , Thompson Rachel , Wang Christopher J. , Wang Sheng-ching , Winters Michael A.
Published: March 2022

The biopharmaceutical industry is capable of rapid responses in the face
of unprecedent challenges, such as the COVID-19 pandemic; safe and
efficacious vaccines were developed in record times. However, additional
hurdles, including raw materials shortages, need be overcome to improve
further the industry’s agility. During the development of a SARS-CoV-2
vaccine candidate, such supply limitations necessitated the
determination of a cleaning in place (CIP) strategy for a multimodal
core-shell resin both rapidly and efficiently. This is a challenging
task with its complexity depending on the nature of the resin and the
composition of the feed stream. Here, we describe the deployment of high
throughput (HT) techniques to screen CIP conditions for cleaning Capto™
Core 700 resin exposed to clarified cell culture harvest of a SARS-CoV-2
vaccine candidate produced in Vero adherent cell culture. The best
performing conditions, comprised of 30% n-propanol and ≥0.75 N NaOH,
were deployed in cycling experiments, completed with miniature
chromatography columns, to demonstrate their effectiveness. The success
of the CIP strategy was ultimately verified at laboratory scale. Here,
its impact was assessed across the entire purification process which
also included an ultrafiltration/diafiltration step. It is shown that
the implementation of the CIP strategy enabled the re-use of the Capto
Core 700 resin for up to ten cycles without any negative impact on the
purified product. Hence, the strategic combination of HT and laboratory
scale experiments can lead rapidly to robust CIP procedures, even for a
challenging to clean resin, and thus help to overcome supply shortages.