bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Desindustrialização e a Dinâmica das Eleições Presidenciais no Brasil (2002-2018)
Authors: Santos Fabiano , Moura Rafael , Vaz Camila , Paiva Yago
Published: June 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar se, e em qual medida, a desindustrialização da economia brasileira afetou a geografia do voto nos pleitos eleitorais das últimas duas décadas, em particular, nos interessando examinar a inflexão do voto petista. O trabalho considera a desindustrialização como um choque econômico exógeno que, alterando a renda e a natureza do emprego disponíveis nas localidades, afeta o apoio eleitoral ao partido nacionalmente incumbente. Nossas principais fontes de dados empíricos são: o Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE) e o Tribunal Superior Eleitoral (TSE); e nossas unidades espaciais de análise, os municípios. Nossos resultados confirmam a hipótese de que a desindustrialização afetou negativamente a votação do Partido dos Trabalhadores. Ressaltamos, ainda, as características regionais de tal processo, fundamentais, sobretudo, à compreensão do resultado eleitoral de 2018. A originalidade do artigo está em preencher uma lacuna da literatura de estudos eleitorais ao tratar das mudanças estruturais no capitalismo brasileiro como vetor explicativo primordial.
Reações à igualdade de gênero e ocupação do Estado no governo Bolsonaro (2019-2022)
Authors: Biroli Flávia , Tatagiba Luciana , Quintela Débora Françolin
Published: June 2024

Este artigo se insere no debate sobre as reações à política feminista. No Brasil, essas reações foram assumidas como diretriz política durante o governo de Jair Bolsonaro (2019-2022). Nesse período, o contramovimento antifeminista teve acesso à gestão pública, ocupando cargos em um governo de coalizão convergente, isto é, uma aliança governista heterogênea, que não inclui grupos orientados para a promoção da igualdade de gênero. O estudo analisa quem foram os atores e os efeitos de sua atuação em três ministérios: Mulher, Família e Direitos Humanos; Saúde; e Educação. Foram coletados dados sobre trajetórias e posições dos atores na gestão, evidenciando as políticas em que estiveram envolvidos. Eles apontam para a relevância de atores conservadores evangélicos e católicos, aliados em ações para bloquear agendas feministas e propor políticas que afirmam a ordem familiar tradicional.
Ênfase seletiva e interação estratégica: a eleição presidencial de 2022 no horário gratuito de propaganda eleitoral
Authors: Contrera Flávio , Gregorio Paulo Cesar dos Santos , Lima Bárbara , Alves Mércia Kaline Freitas
Published: June 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender a competição partidária no Horário Gratuito de Propaganda Eleitoral, na eleição presidencial brasileira de 2022, a partir da Saliency Theory. Assim, enseja contribuir ao discutir o poder explicativo desta teoria – desenvolvida com foco em manifestos de campanha – na campanha televisiva. Ao mobilizar técnicas de Análise de Conteúdo e de Análise de Redes Sociais, atestamos a extensão do alcance da teoria para o HGPE, espaço em que os partidos tendem, assim como nos manifestos, a enfatizar questões que são vantajosas para eles. Contudo, verificamos que esse alcance não se aplica ao escopo da interação com os oponentes na campanha eleitoral. Assim, não se pode argumentar que a estratégia da “ênfase seletiva” é empregada em detrimento da estratégia de “confrontação”. Explicando tal estratégia através do conceito de interação estratégica, mostramos que a eleição de 2022 configura-se em uma rede com dois espaços de competição: o primeiro ocupado por PT e PL; e o segundo opondo candidaturas da “terceira via” ao PT e ao PL.
Microplastics contamination in fish, water, and sediment surrounding Ubatuba beaches, Southeastern Brazil
Authors: Nogueira Esteban Jorcin , Fernandes Erminio , Nogueira Marcos Gomes , Cetra Mauricio , Mattox George Mendes Taliaferro
Published: June 2024

Abstract Microplastics (MPs) contamination is a well-established impact in oceans, but integrated approaches combining simultaneous analyzes of biotic and abiotic components are scarce. This study addresses this gap, demonstrating Atherinella brasiliensis (fish species) ingestion of MPs and comparing with the contaminant presence in water and sediment. Three Ubatuba beaches (exposed, calm and sheltered estuary) were surveyed for fish, water, and sediment components in summer and winter. Environmental data evidenced spatial and seasonal differences (PCA/ANOVA). Presence of synthetic particles (SPs) in fish was high (~38%). Maximum concentrations occurred in the estuary, for water (490 SPs/m³), and in the exposed beach, for sediment (62 SPs/50g). Fibers format predominated in all components. Fish preference for blue color seems to occur. Significant statistical relationships were determined for fish length and SPs size and between SPs concentrations in water and fish. The chemical identities (μ-FTIR spectra) polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, and cardboard/cellulose predominated. Influences of local hydrodynamics (e.g., SPs sizes) and reduction in tourism during Covid-19 epidemic (e.g.,less SPs in summer) are discussed. This study confirms environmental contamination by SPs (mostly MPs) in Ubatuba beaches, affecting fish through direct water column ingestion. Urgent actions from authorities and changes in local user’s habits are crucial.
A new species of Aequidens (Cichliformes: Cichlidae) from the rio Paraguai basin, Brazil
Authors: Oliveira Rianne Caroline de , Tencatt Luiz Fernando Caserta , Deprá Gabriel de Carvalho , Britzke Ricardo , Oliveira Claudio , Graça Weferson Júnio da
Published: June 2024

Abstract Morphological and molecular data support the description of a new Aequidens species from the upper rio Correntes, considered herein as endemic to the upper rio Paraguai basin in the Cerrado biome in Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all congeners, except from A. plagiozonatus by having anteriorly oblique dark brown flank bars vs. vertical flank bars, and is additionally distinguished from some congeners by showing a discontinuous lateral band and presence of a dark cheek spot. The new species differs from Aequidensplagiozonatus by having the profile of the dorsal part of head almost straight (in lateral view), with a conspicuous concavity at the interorbital, and by the longer length of upper and lower jaws. Furthermore, delimitation analyses based on mitochondrial data provide additional support for the validity of the species. Our study data also revealed the occurrence, and consequently the first record, of A.plagiozonatus in the upper rio Araguaia basin, which was most likely driven by headwater capture events.
Forage performance in silage production under water deficit conditions
Authors: Pires Fábio R. , Rocha Júnior Paulo R. da , Cavalcanti André C. , Nascimento Adriel L. , Nardotto Júnior André O. , Almeida Marcelo S. de , Viana Douglas G. , Bonomo Robson
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT The positive performance of different cultivars in relation to a water deficit is directly correlated with an increase in biomass production, with repercussions for ensuring system sustainability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production and nutritional value of four millet genotypes in comparison with that of corn and sorghum under two water supply conditions (simulated water deficit and normal conditions). This experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD), with six cultivars, two irrigation levels, and four replicates, totaling 48 experimental units. At the end of 12 weeks after sowing, biometric and bromatological evaluations were conducted. Based on these results, pearl millet ADR300, ADR500, BRS1501, and ADRf6010 showed promise and are interesting alternatives to be explored by silage producers in more critical water deficit periods. Among millets, ADRf6010 performed similarly to corn and sorghum, which are commonly used in Brazil as forage, indicating that it is the best alternative for silage formation.
Dryinidae species (Hymenoptera, Aculeata) in the semiarid region of Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Santos Maria F. M. , Pérez-Maluf Raquel , Moreira Aldenise A. , Santos Cleidiane B. dos , Martins André L. , Paula Rita de C. A. L. de
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Dryinidae is a family of parasitoids and predators; it is the third largest family in the superfamily Chrysidoidea, with 1,924 species worldwide. The diversity of this family may be even greater, but studies on its diversity and geographical distribution are scarce, especially in semiarid regions. The objective of this study was to describe the occurrence and diversity of Dryinidae genera in the Semiarid region of Bahia, Brazil. Five Malaise traps were distributed in two areas with native vegetation and in one with eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla) plantation and monitored monthly for two years. Specimens were identified to genus and morphospecies levels. The collection consisted of 77 Dryinidae specimens from four subfamilies (Anteoninae, Aphelopinae, Dryininae, Gonatopodinae), seven genera (Anteon Jurine, 1807; Aphelopus Dalman, 1823; Crovettia Olmi, 1984; Deinodryinus, Perkins, 1907; Dryinus Latreille, 1804; Gonatopus Ljungh, 1810 and Thaumatodryinus Perkins, 1905), and 29 morphospecies. The genus Dryinus was the most frequent in the three study areas. Areas with native vegetation, mainly the forest area, showed greater diversity than the area with eucalyptus trees. This study contributes with data of identification and distribution of Dryinidae species in the Semiarid region of the state of Bahia, Brazil.
Combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilization in the cultivation of cotton genotypes
Authors: Assis Lamartine E. de , Dantas Maíla V. , Roque Iara A. , Silva Luderlândio de A. , Lima Geovani S. de , Gheyi Hans R. , Nobre Reginaldo G. , Soares Lauriane A. dos Anjos
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT In semi-arid regions, characterized by low soil fertility, it is essential to ensure an adequate proportion of nutrients to maximize cotton production, with emphasis on nitrogen and potassium, which are the main nutrients required by this crop. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of nitrogen and potassium doses on the biomass and production components of colored cotton genotypes. The experiment was carried out in pots under field conditions, in a randomized block design, with treatments arranged in a 3 × 5 factorial scheme, with three genotypes of colored fiber cotton (‘BRS Rubi’, ‘BRS Jade’, and ‘BRS Safira’) and five combinations of nitrogen and potassium fertilization - N:K (50:125; 75:100; 100:100; 100:75, and 125:50% of the recommendation), with the combination of 100:100% of the recommendation corresponding to 100 mg of N and 150 mg of K2O kg-1 of soil, with four replicates and one plant per plot. Photosynthetic pigments, growth, and production components of colored fiber cotton genotypes were measured. The interaction between the ‘BRS Rubi’ genotype and the combination of 100:75% N:K fertilization promoted the highest dry mass accumulation and fiber percentage. For the production of bolls with greater weight, the ‘BRS Jade’ genotype stood out in comparison with the others, regardless of the fertilizer combination, while ‘BRS Safira’ produced greater seed weight with the 125:50% N:K fertilizer combination.
Morphological characterization and plant density of Brazilian ornamental sweet potatoes
Authors: Tamura Mônica Mieko Nakanishi , Mattiuz Claudia Fabrino Machado , Piotto Fernando Angelo , Peressin Valdemir Antonio , Gonçalves Charleston , Feltran José Carlos , Bernacci Luis Carlos , Anefalos Lilian Cristina , Fabri Eliane Gomes
Published: June 2024

Abstract The production of flowers and ornamental plants has shown continuous growth and demanded constant innovations in the sector. The sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) is a tuberous vegetable that has attracted consumers, growers and landscapers due to its ornamental characteristics of its leaves and vines. However, the introduction of sweet potatoes for ornamental purposes is recent in the Brazilian market. The objective of this study was to investigate the ornamental potential of five sweet potato genotypes (IAC104, IAC116, IAC401, IAC909 and IAC1024), through morphological characterization, in addition to evaluating the effect of plant density in pot (1, 2 and 3 plants in pot) on the development of the aerial part and storage roots. The genotypes IAC116, IAC401 and IAC909 showed characteristics of erect and compact plants, while IAC401 and IAC1024 were classified as semi-erect, with only IAC1024 showing a twining vine. Increasing the density of plants resulted in a significant increase in both the number and fresh matter of storage roots in pot, but there was no significant difference in the fresh matter of the aerial part. As a result of this study, the first five ornamental sweet potato cultivars in Brazil were registered with the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA), named ‘IAC Claudia’, ‘IAC Katherine’, ‘IAC Mara’, ‘IAC Mônica’ and ‘IAC Yoka’, with registration numbers 51087, 51090, 51091, 51092 and 51093, respectively.
Adaptability and stability of purple-fleshed sweetpotato genotypes in producing regions of Brazil using the AMMI and WAASB methodologies
Authors: Silva Giovani Olegario da , Vendrame Larissa P de C , Amaro Geovani Bernardo , Melo Raphael Augusto de C e , Pilon Lucimeire , Ferreira José Carlos
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT Purple-fleshed sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) have gained attention from producers and consumers for their nutritional values and high levels of anthocyanins. This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability and stability of these genotypes in producing regions of Brazil with AMMI and WAASB methodologies. The recently released purple-fleshed cultivars BRS Anembé and BRS Cotinga, along with four purple-fleshed advanced clones (BGBD0080, BGBD1399, BGBD1402, and BGBD1405), and the cultivars Brazlândia Roxa and Beauregard as controls, were evaluated in eight environments using a complete randomized block design with four replications. The roots were evaluated on yield, appearance, insect damage, and shape traits. The new purple-fleshed cultivars BRS Cotinga and BRS Anembé stood out in their higher root yield, good root shape and weight, expressive resistance to insect damage, and adaptability to environments with higher yield potential. Additionally, ‘BRS Anembé’ also showed a favorable root appearance. The cultivar Beauregard was the most susceptible to insect damage while ‘Brazlândia Roxa’ demonstrated the highest resistance.
Creencias sobre escritura en docentes y futuros docentes: validación del instrumento y resultados comparativos
Authors: Espinosa María Jesús , Escribano Rosario , Marchant Jorge , Morales Solange , Castillo Carolina
Published: June 2024

Resumen Aunque existe acuerdo sobre la relevancia de la escritura para aprender en las disciplinas escolares, las bajadas pedagógicas no suelen favorecer el desarrollo de habilidades complejas de escritura. Dada su relevancia en la toma de decisiones docentes, esta investigación abordó el estudio de las creencias. Específicamente, se realizó un estudio comparativo que buscó explorar las creencias de docentes y futuros docentes chilenos sobre la escritura, desde la tradición epistémica de esta habilidad. Para esto, se adaptó y validó un instrumento español, a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario online sobre creencias reproductivas y epistémicas, a una muestra de 232 participantes. Se realizó un AFC que confirma la estructura de dos escalas independientes. Los análisis descriptivos y de comparación de medias entre profesores en formación y en ejercicio, y entre profesores de educación primaria y secundaria muestran puntajes más altos en la escala epistémica que en la escala reproductiva, para todos los grupos, aunque la dimensión de planificación y textualización muestra resultados que se inclinan hacia las creencias reproductivas. En el caso de las creencias reproductivas, los docentes en ejercicio obtuvieron puntajes más altos que los docentes en formación. En el caso de las creencias epistémicas, los profesores de educación primaria y los docentes en ejercicio obtuvieron puntajes más altos que los de educación secundaria y que los docentes en formación. Estos resultados dialogan parcialmente con los estudios nacionales previos sobre creencias docentes acerca de la escritura. A partir de los hallazgos se derivan algunas implicancias para la formación docente en el área de la escritura.
Multi-Locus sequence typing of Treponema pallidum in male patients with genital ulcers in a public STD clinic in South Brazil: a new allele and almost complete macrolide resistance
Authors: Esteves Leonardo Souza , Grassi Vera Mileide Trivellato , Trivellato Grassi Liliane , Nicola Maria Rita Castilhos , Silv Marcia Suzana Nunes , Rossetti Maria Lucia Rosa , Ramos Mauro Cunha
Published: June 2024

Objective: Considering the lack of data on T. pallidum genotyping in Brazil, we aimed to study its strains and their resistance to macrolides in genital ulcers suggestive of syphilis.Methods: Men with genital ulcers suggestive of syphilis were invited to participate. Samples were collected with a dry cotton swab and immersed in a 0.9% NaCl solution. Detection was done by PCR amplification of 260 bp of the tpp47 gene. The PCR product was analyzed by electrophoresis in a 2% agarose gel containing 0.05% ethidium bromide. Positive PCR samples were analyzed by MLST (sequencing of chromosomal loci TP0136, TP0548, and TP0705). The A2058G and A2059G mutations in the 23S rRNA gene were evaluated by nested PCR. DNA sequencing was analyzed using Bioedit software (Tom Hall, USA). Genotyping was performed using the PubMLST online platform (Grillová scheme). Results: All subjects were residents of Porto Alegre and aged between 19 and 66 years. Of the 43 samples, 32 were positive for PCR for T. pallidum. Thirty strains were available for genotyping and belonged to the SS14-like (73.3%) or Nicholslike (20%) Clonal Complex. Three complete MLST profiles were identified (1.3.1; 9.7.3 and 28.7.3), and a new allele was identified in one sample (approved by pubMLST curators as TP0705-22). Only one sample did not present the 2058 mutation in the 23S rRNA gene.Conclusion: Our study identified genetic diversity in T. pallidum DNA using MLST with allelic variants for TP0136, TP0548, and TP0705, including a new allele. A single sample was characterized as genotypically susceptible to macrolides. All other samples (more than 95%) presented the A2058G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene, which causes resistance to macrolides. Improving understanding of the local epidemiology of T. pallidum with representative samples that allow cofactor analysis is crucial for prevention and care.
A importância dos museus virtuais no estudo da anatomia patológica humana – revisão de literatura
Authors: Jesus Eleonora Henriques Amorim de , Veras Mariana Matera , Closs José Guilherme Veras , Marques Karina Valle
Published: June 2024

Durante muitos anos, os órgãos retirados de cadáveres eram a única forma de estudar a anatomia humana, porém, hoje em dia, com a implementação de grande número de cursos da área da saúde, os quais, portanto, apresentam a anatomia em sua série curricular , a oferta de material para estudo vem avançando significativamente. Uma das formas de minimizar este impacto na formação profissional é promover a digitalização das peças e torná-las disponíveis em coleções de museus. Técnicas recentes, como a fotogrametria, permitem a aquisição mais acessível de modelos tridimensionais (3D), que servem como representações precisas de seus originais. Além disso, é importante destacar que os museus virtuais têm uma capacidade de envolver o público, seja qual for a sua formação.
On the Trade-off between Redundancy and Cohesiveness in Extractive Summarization
Authors: Cardenas Ronald , Galle Matthias , Cohen Shay B.
Published: June 2024

Extractive summaries are usually presented as lists of sentences with no expected cohesion between them and with plenty of redundant information if not accounted for. In this paper, we investigate the trade-offs incurred when aiming to control for inter-sentential cohesion and redundancy in extracted summaries, and their impact on their informativeness. As case study, we focus on the summarization of long, highly redundant documents and consider two optimization scenarios, reward-guided and with no supervision. In the reward-guided scenario, we compare systems that control for redundancy and cohesiveness during sentence scoring. In the unsupervised scenario, we introduce two systems that aim to control all three properties --informativeness, redundancy, and cohesiveness-- in a principled way. Both systems implement a psycholinguistic theory that simulates how humans keep track of relevant content units and how cohesiveness and non-redundancy constraints are applied in short-term memory during reading. Extensive automatic and human evaluations reveal that systems optimizing for --among other properties-- cohesiveness are capable of better organizing content in summaries compared to systems that optimize only for redundancy, while maintaining comparable informativeness. We find that the proposed unsupervised systems manage to extract highly cohesive summaries across varying levels of document redundancy, although sacrificing informativeness in the process. Finally, we lay evidence as to how simulated cognitive processes impact the trade-off between the analysed summary properties.
Similarity-Based Adaptation for Task-Aware and Task-Free Continual Learning
Authors: Adel Tameem
Published: June 2024

Continual learning (CL) is a paradigm which addresses the issue of how to learn from sequentially arriving tasks. The goal of this paper is to introduce a CL framework which can both learn from a global multi-task architecture and locally adapt this learning to the task at hand. In addition to the global knowledge, we conjecture that it is also beneficial to further focus on the most relevant pieces of previous knowledge. Using a prototypical network as a proxy, the proposed framework bases its adaptation on the similarity between the current data stream and the previously encountered data. We develop two algorithms, one for the standard task-aware CL and another for the more challenging task-free setting where boundaries between tasks are unknown. We correspondingly derive a generalization upper bound on the error of an upcoming task. Experiments demonstrate that the introduced algorithms lead to improved performance on several CL benchmarks.
An Ensemble Model Health Care Monitoring System
Authors: Anumala Hariprasad
Published: June 2024

Internet of things (IoT) is utilized to enhance conventional health care systems in several ways, including patient's disease monitoring. The data gathered by IoT devices is very beneficial to medical facilities and patients. The data needs to be secured against unauthorized modifications because of security and privacy concerns. Conversely, a variety of procedures are offered by block chain technology to safeguard data against modifications. Block chain-based IoT-based health care monitoring is thus a fascinating technical advancement that may aid in easing security and privacy problems associated withthe collection of data during patient monitoring. In this work, we present an ensemble classification-based monitoring system with a block-chain as the foundation for an IoT health care model. Initially, data generation is done by considering the diseases including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, and heart disease. The IoT health care data is then preprocessed using enhanced scalar normalization. The preprocessed data was used to extract features such as mutual information (MI), statistical features, adjusted entropy, and raw features. The total classified result is obtained by averaging deep maxout, improved deep convolutional network (IDCNN), and deep belief network (DBN) ensemble classification. Finally, decision-making is done by doctors to suggest treatment based on the classified results from the ensemble classifier. The ensemble model scored the greatest accuracy (95.56%) with accurate disease classification at a learning percentage of 60% compared to traditional classifiers such as neural network (NN) (89.08%), long short term memory (LSTM) (80.63%), deep belief network (DBN) (79.78%) and GT based BSS algorithm (89.08%).
Briefing: The Thames Barrier – an accidental asset in London’s attempts to address climate change
Authors: Harris Simon
Published: June 2024

The Thames Barrier is a massive engineering achievement that marked its 40th anniversary this year, having been officially opened by Queen Elizabeth II on 8 May 1984. It was built to protect Greater London from exceptionally high tides and storm surges, caused when a deep depression forms to the north of Scotland and progresses across the North Sea and south-easterly towards southern Scandinavia. The capital needed it. When surges coincide with a high spring tide, the high winds associated with the depression can funnel water up the Thames estuary and can cause the water to rise 3.6 m.
P2Y2R and Cyst Growth in Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: Kraus Andre , Skoczynski Kathrin , Brötsch Martin , Burzlaff Nicolai , Leipziger Jens , Schiffer Mario , Büttner-Herold Maike , Buchholz Bjoern
Published: June 2024

Key Points

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is characterized by continuous cyst growth, which results in a decline in kidney function.

Deletion of P2Y2R and pharmacological antagonism of purinergic signaling significantly reduced cyst growth in an orthologous PKD mouse model.

P2Y2R was expressed in cysts of human PKD nephrectomies, which makes P2Y2R a reasonable target for treatment of PKD.

Background

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by multiple bilateral kidney cysts that gradually enlarge, resulting in a decline in kidney function. Cyst growth is significantly driven by ATP-dependent chloride secretion mediated by the ion channel TMEM16A. This pathway is further augmented in advanced stages of the disease by hypoxia and activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α. The mechanisms by which ATP leads to activation of TMEM16A and how HIF-1α contributes to cyst growth in vivo have remained elusive.

Methods

Mice with an inducible tubule-specific deletion of Pkd1 were compared with mice with an additional codeletion of the purinergic receptor P2y2r. Furthermore, animals were challenged by pharmacological activation of HIF-1α and Pkd1-deficient mice were treated with suramin, an antagonist of purinergic signaling. In addition, expression of P2Y2R, TMEM16A, and HIF-1α was analyzed in nephrectomy samples from 27 patients with ADPKD.

Results

Genetic deletion of P2y2r significantly inhibited cyst growth in vivo. In addition, aggravation of the polycystic phenotype mediated by pharmacological activation of HIF-1α was reduced by deletion of P2y2r. Application of suramin to pharmacologically inhibit purinergic signaling also suppressed cyst enlargement in vivo. Analysis of kidney samples from 27 patients with ADPKD revealed significant expression of P2Y2R at the luminal site of the cyst-lining epithelium.

Conclusions

P2Y2R was significantly expressed in human and mouse polycystic kidneys. Deletion and antagonism of P2Y2R reduced cyst enlargement in an ADPKD mouse model.
Glomerular Endothelial Cell Receptor Adhesion G-Protein–Coupled Receptor F5 (ADGRF5) and the Integrity of the Glomerular Filtration Barrier
Authors: Nagase Miki , Ando Hikaru , Beppu Yoshiaki , Kurihara Hidetake , Oki Souta , Kubo Fumimasa , Yamamoto Kazuki , Nagase Takashi , Kaname Shinya , Akimoto Yoshihiro , Fukuhara Hiroshi , Sakai Tatsuo , Hirose Shigehisa , Nakamura Nobuhiro
Published: June 2024

Key Points

Deletion of endothelial receptor adhesion G-protein–coupled receptor F5 in mice led to abnormal structural and functional properties of the glomerular filtration barrier.

Adhesion G-protein–coupled receptor F5 regulates gene expression of glomerular basement membrane components and a mechanosensitive transcription factor.

Background

Glomerular endothelial cells are recognized to be important for maintaining the glomerular filtration barrier. Adhesion G-protein–coupled receptor F5 (ADGRF5), an adhesion G protein–coupled receptor, has been suggested to be involved in endothelial cell function. However, the role of ADGRF5 in the glomerular filtration barrier integrity remains elusive.

Methods

Cellular expression of ADGRF5 in mouse glomerulus was determined by histological analyses. The effect of ADGRF5 deletion on the glomerular morphology, kidney function, and glomerular endothelial gene/protein expression was then analyzed using ADGRF5 knockout (Adgrf5
−/−) mice and human primary glomerular endothelial cells.

Results

ADGRF5 was specifically expressed in the capillary endothelial cells within the glomerulus. Adgrf5
−/− mice developed albuminuria and impaired kidney function with morphological defects in the glomeruli, namely glomerular hypertrophy, glomerular basement membrane splitting and thickening, diaphragmed fenestration and detachment of the glomerular endothelial cells, and mesangial interposition. These defects were accompanied by the altered expression of genes responsible for glomerular basement membrane organization (type 4 collagens and laminins) and Krüppel-like factor 2 (Klf2) in glomerular endothelial cells. Moreover, ADGRF5 knockdown decreased COL4A3 and COL4A4 expression and increased KLF2 expression in human primary glomerular endothelial cells.

Conclusions

The loss of ADGRF5 resulted in altered gene expression in glomerular endothelial cells and perturbed the structure and permselectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier.
Kronik Hepatit B Hastalarının İrdelenmesi ve Tedaviyi Kesme Kriterlerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Çifci Şeyma , Aktuğ Demir Nazlım , Ural Onur , Sümer Şua , Demir Lütfi Saltuk
Published: June 2024

Amaç:Çalışmamızda HBeAg pozitif Faz 2 ve HBeAg negatif Faz 4 kronik hepatit B (KHB) tedavisi alan hastaların incelenmesi ve aldıkları tedaviler gözden geçirilerek tedavi kesilmesine uygun hastaların belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntemler:Çalışmamızda Ocak 2009-Ağustos 2018 tarihleri arasında XXXXXX Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Polikliniği’nde takip edilen HBeAg pozitif Faz 2 ve HBeAg negatif Faz 4 KHB tanısı ile tedavi alan 245 hastanın dosyası retrospektif olarak tarandı.
Bulgular:Hastaların almakta oldukları tedaviler incelendiğinde 124 hastanın tenofovir disoproksil fumarat, 99 hastanın entekavir, 9 hastanın lamivudin, 7 hastanın telbivudin, 1 hastanın adefovir, 5 hastanın ise entekavir + tenofovir disoproksil fumarat kullanmakta olduğu görüldü. Çalışmamızda bulunan hastalardan kaç kişinin ne kadar süredir HBV DNA düzeyinin baskılı olduğu ve ALT-AST düzeylerinin ne kadar süredir normal seyrettiği saptandı. Bu hastalar içerisinde 2 yıldan uzun süredir HBV DNA düzeyi baskılı ve ALT düzeyi normal seyreden 118, 3 yıldan uzun süredir HBV DNA düzeyi baskılı ve ALT düzeyi normal seyreden 87, 5 yıldan uzun süredir HBV DNA düzeyi baskılı ve ALT düzeyi normal seyreden 38 hastamızın olduğu tespit edildi.
Sonuç:Tedavi alan hastalar tedavinin kesilmesi açısından değerlendirildi. Şu anda bu konu ile ilgili kesin kriterler olmaması ve tedavi kesilmesinde takibi önerilen HBsAg titresi hastanemizde çalışılamaması nedeniyle hastaların tedavileri kesilemedi. Bu çalışmanın devamı olarak HBsAg titresi bakılması için Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri’ne başvurulması ve tedavi kesilmesi açısından bu hastaların HBsAg titresi ile beraber tekrar değerlendirilmesi planlandı.
TIP FAKÜLTESİ KIZ ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN DOĞUM HAKKINDAKİ BİLGİ VE YÖNELİMLERİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: Karakaya Hüseyin , Akalın Utku Berkay , Yalvac Ethem Serdar , Bakırcı Mustafa
Published: June 2024

Yapılan çalışmamızda öğrencilerin ilerde çocuk sahibi olmak istedikleri ancak doğum için korku içinde oldukları görülmüştür. Öğrenciler doğumda çaresiz kalacaklarını düşünmektedirler. Bu sebepten dolayı sezaryene göre normal vajinal doğumdan daha fazla korktuğu bulunmuştur. Doğum ile bilgilerinin ise sosyal medyadan öğrendikleri için tam olarak doğru olmadığı düşünülmektedir. Doğum ile ilgili fizyolojik bilgilerin öğrenilmesi için daha akılda kalıcı projelere ihtiyaç vardır.
Die PTBS eines Rettungssanitäters als Wie-BK anerkennungsfähig Urteil des Bundessozialgerichts vom 22.06.2023 – B 2 U 11/20 R
Authors: Holtstraeter Reinhard
Published: June 2024

Unter teilweiser Aufgabe bisheriger Rechtsprechung und Paradigmenwechsel in den Begründungsansätzen, der auch für andere berufsbedingten Erkrankungen ohne Bezeichnung in der Berufskrankheitenliste richtungsweisend sein könnte, hat das Bundessozialgericht eine erste (und neue) Berufskrankheit aus dem Formenkreis der psychischen Erkrankungen definiert, die zunächst nur für den Personenkreis der Rettungssanitäter den Anwendungsbereich der Wie-Berufskrankheit gemäß § 9 Abs. 2 Sozialgesetzbuch (SGB) VII eröffnet.
Phase relations in the Si–Sn–As system
Authors: Sushkova Tatiana P. , Semenova Galina V. , Proskurina Elena Yu.
Published: June 2024

The goal of this work was to study phase relations in the ternary Si–Sn–As system: to establish cross sections, to construct a scheme of phase equilibria, and to identify the temperature of non-variant transformations.     Ternary alloys were obtained through direct synthesis from simple substances and subjected to long-term solid-phase annealing. Alloys of four polythermal sections of the Si–Sn–As system were examined using X-ray phase and differential thermal analysis. The results of X-ray powder diffraction allowed establishing that the phase subsolidus demarcations was performed by the SnAs–SiAs2, SnAs–SiAs, Sn4As3–SiAs, and Sn4As3–Si sections.      As a result of the experiment, taking into account the theoretical analysis, we suggested a scheme of phase equilibria in the system that involved the implementation of eutectic and four peritectic invariant equilibria, and we used differential thermal analysis to determine the temperature of these four-phase transformations.    It was found that extended solid solutions were not formed in the system, and only a substitutional solid solution at least 3 mol % wide was formed based along the SnAs–SiAs2 section based on tin monoarsenide
Biocatalysts based on complexes of carbon nanomaterials with cysteine proteases
Authors: Goncharova Svetlana S. , Shchegolevatykh Ekaterina A. , Zhukalin Dmitry A. , Holyavka Marina G. , Artyukhov Valery G.
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the research is to develop and study biocatalysts based on complexes of cysteine proteases with fullerenes and carbon nanotubes.    During the formation of ficin complexes with fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, the activity of hybrid preparations was 70 and 45%, respectively. During the formation of papain complexes with fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, the proteolytic ability of the enzyme remained at the same level for the samples with fullerene and decreased by 27% for the preparations with carbon nanotubes. The formation of bromelain complexes with fullerenes and carbon nanotubes contributed to a decrease in the proteolytic activity of the biocatalyst by 18 and 48% as compared to the free enzyme. While determining the stability of complexes of nanomaterials and cysteine proteases during a 7-day incubation in 0.05 M tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) at 37 °C, we noticed a decrease in the proteolytic activity of the samples.    Complexation with carbon nanoparticles and fullerenes increased the stability of ficin and bromelain, while the stability of papain in the complexes remained unchanged
Structure and composition of a composite of porous silicon with deposited copper
Authors: Lenshin Alexander S. , Kim Kseniya B. , Agapov Boris L. , Kashkarov Vladimir M. , Lukin Anatoly N. , Niftaliyev Sabukhi I.
Published: June 2024

Porous silicon is a promising nanomaterial for optoelectronics and sensorics, as it has a large specific surface area and is photoluminescent under visible light. The deposition of copper particles on the surface of porous silicon will greatly expand the range of applications of the resulting nanocomposites. Copper was chosen due to its low electrical resistivity and high resistance to electromigration compared to other metals. The purpose of this research was to study changes in the structure and composition of porous silicon after the chemical deposition of copper.    Porous silicon was obtained by the anodisation of monocrystalline silicon wafers KEF (100) (electronic-grade phosphorus-doped silicon) with an electrical resistivity of 0.2 Ohm·cm. An HF solution in isopropyl alcohol with the addition of H2O2 solution was used to etch the silicon wafers. The porosity of the samples was about 70 %. The porous silicon samples were immersed in copper sulphate solution (CuSO4·5H2O) for 7 days. We used scanning electron microscopy, IR spectroscopy, and ultrasoft X-ray emission spectroscopy to obtain data on the morphology and composition of the initial sample and the sample with deposited copper. The chemical deposition of copper on porous silicon showed a significant distortion of the pore shape as well as the formation of large cavities inside the porous layer. However, in the lower part the pore morphology remained the same as in the original sample. It was found that the chemical deposition of copper on porous silicon leads to copper penetrating into the porous layer, the formation of a composite structure, and it prevents the oxidation of the porous layer during storage. Thus, it was demonstrated that the chemical deposition of copper on a porous silicon surface leads to visible changes in the surface morphology and composition. Therefore, it should have a significant impact on the catalytic, electrical, and optical properties of the material.
Sedimentation of bentonite suspensions under the influence of low molecular weight polymers based on amino ester salts
Authors: Vandyshev Dmitriy Yu. , Sleptsova Olga V. , Gazin Vladislav Yu. , Malyutin Stanislav A. , Malkin Naum R. , Shikhaliev Khidmet S.
Published: June 2024

Among the available technologies for treating natural and wastewater from clay materials, coagulation/flocculation is the most common method due to its high efficiency, simplicity, and cost-effectiveness. Inorganic coagulants such as aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride, widely used as destabilizing agents for colloidal particles, have several significant drawbacks: low efficiency and toxicity. Organic reagents of both natural and synthetic origin are a good alternative.    This work is devoted to the evaluation of the flocculation action of new reagents, which are low molecular weight polymers based on amino ester salts on clay suspensions, as well as the selection of their optimal concentration, providing the maximum sedimentation rate.    Studies have shown that amino ester salts can be effectively used for the treatment of water-clay suspensions. An important factor is the nature of the anion used, which has a significant influence on the  oagulation ability of esters. Thus, 40–50 % (wt.) aqueous solutions of amino ester chlorides added to clay suspensions in an amount not exceeding 0.1% (vol.) can be used to thicken clay suspensions. At the same time, aqueous solutions of amino ester bromides regardless of the concentration, introduced into bentonite suspensions of 0.1–0.4 % (vol.), contribute to improved sedimentation, reducing viscosity, and increasing filtration capacity. These results allow us to recommend the use of amino ester chlorides as athickener in the preparation of drilling muds for strengthening the walls of wells during drilling, and bromides – for flocculation of bentonite suspensions in oil production
Fabrication of a-Ga2O3:Sn/a-Cr2O3/a-Al2O3 heterostructure by mist CVD and HVPE
Authors: Butenko Pavel N. , Timashov Roman B. , Stepanov Andrey I. , Pechnikov Alexey I. , Chikiryaka Andrey V. , Guzilova Liubov I. , Stepanov Sergey I. , Nikolaev Vladimir I.
Published: June 2024

Corundum-structured chromium oxide (a-Cr2O3), exhibiting p-type conductivity, is a highly attractive candidate for forming high-quality p-n heterojunctions with a-Ga2O3. Two CVD growth techniques were employed in the fabrication of the heterostructure. A ~ 0.2-micron a-Cr2O3 layer was grown on a (0001) sapphire substrate using mist CVD at 800 °C. It possesses high morphological homogeneity and low roughness, which is acceptable for further epitaxial processes. Subsequently, Sn-doped a-Ga2O3 with a thickness of ~ 1.5 µm was grown on the a-Cr2O3 layer using HVPE at 500 °C. The feasibility of fabricating this heterostructure with the specified layer thickness and acceptable surface morphology using CVD techniques has been demonstrated
Crystallization features and physical properties of the thin-film heterostructure of lead zirconate titanate – lead oxide
Authors: Pronin Igor P. , Kaptelov Evgeny Yu. , Gushchina Ekaterina V. , Senkevich Stanislav V. , Pronin Vladimir P. , Ryzhov Igor I. , Ugolkov Valerii L. , Sergeeva Olga N.
Published: June 2024

Various diagnostic techniques aimed at studying the structure and physical properties (synchronous thermal analysis, atomic force microscopy operating in the current measurement mode, electron-probe X-ray spectral microanalysis, dynamic method for determining the pyroelectric response) were used to study the crystallization features and physical properties of the thin-film heterostructure PZT – PbO1+x formed by a two-stage technique of RF magnetron sputtering of a ceramic target.    During the first stage, amorphous films were deposited on a “cold” platinized silicon substrate, while the second stage involved high-temperature annealing in air. It was shown that annealing of amorphous films and crystallization of the intermediate pyrochlore phase are accompanied by additional oxidation of the structure resulting in the formation of lead orthoplumbate and lead dioxide and additional oxidation of organic inclusions. The presence of a liquid phase of lead oxide contributes to the formation of the pyrochlore phase.     It was found that lead oxide layers have significantly higher through conductivity than perovskite blocks. It was assumed that the increased conductivity of lead oxide layers is associated with lead dioxide, which has high conductive properties. Self-polarized thin films were detected to have an abnormal electrical response to the strobing thermal exposure, including the typical pyroelectric response, local photoconductivity shunted by layers of the perovskite phase, and through photoconductivity. The presence of photoconductivity is also associated with the conductive properties of lead dioxide
A study of gallium oxide by using the piezoelectric composite oscillator technique at a frequency of 100 kHz
Authors: Kaminskii Vladimir V. , Kalganov Dmitrii A. , Panov Dmitrii I. , Spiridonov Vladislav A. , Ivanov Andrey I. , Rozaeva Margarita V. , Bauman Dmitrii A. , Romanov Alexey E.
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of the study of the mechanical properties and defect structure of gallium oxide (Ga2O3) by using the piezoelectric composite oscillator technique. Bulk samples of the Ga2O3 beta phase in the form of single crystals and their intergrowths were obtained by growth from a melt with a shaper (Stepanov technique). The research involved studying the dependences of the longitudinal elastic modulus and the damping of elastic vibrations at a frequency of 100 kHz on the strain amplitude. Changes in the elastic and microplastic properties of the samples at different temperatures were attributed to possible relaxation phenomena in the structure of the material.      Studying the defect structure in samples of pure and doped Ga2O3 is necessary to improve the technology for the production of large single crystals. The fundamental questions in this area are the influence of defects on the anisotropy of electrical conductivity, band structure, and other functional properties of the resulting semiconductor material. The purpose of this article is to establish the features of sample preparation, research, and interpretation of the results obtained by the piezoelectric composite oscillator technique for gallium oxide samples.      In the studied samples, the first longitudinal vibration mode was excited, which corresponded to a length of about 27 mm and a small cross-section of the sample. The temperature dependences in the region of low and high strain amplitudes were determined separately. The crystalline quality of the prepared samples was assessed by X-ray diffraction with the analysis of the rocking curve.       The value of Young’s modulus obtained along the growth axis (crystalline orientation <010>) in Ga2O3 crystals E≈260 GPa is in line with the results of previous studies. Relaxation peaks corresponding to various dislocation interactions were found on the temperature dependences of internal friction at a temperature of 280 K
Modern scientific and practical approaches to the production of substrates from semiconductor compounds А3В5. Review
Authors: Abramova Elena N. , Kozlov Roman Yu. , Khokhlov Anatoliy I. , Syrov Yuriy V. , Parkhomenko Yuriy N.
Published: June 2024

Modern electronic and optical engineering uses А3В5 single-crystal semiconductor materials (GaAs, GaSb, InAs, InSb, and InP) as substrates for epitaxial growth. These materials are obtained in the form of massive single-crystal ingots. Therefore, technologies for processing of these A3B5 wafers are developed to produce the substrates for epitaxial growth. The miniaturization of modern systems and devices demands the high quality of the substrates surface. One of the main criteria is a low surface roughness (Ra) (of about 0.5 nm). To meet this requirement, it is necessary to elaborate the existing methods of surface treatment.
The review analyses the current approaches to the treatment of the surface of semiconductor wafers of А3В5 single-crystal materials. It considers the specifics of wafers machining followed by their polishing. The article also presents an analysis of the polishing methods. It reveals that at the moment the chemical-mechanical polishing of А3В5 wafers is the most commonly used method. The review presents the main parameters of this process and systematizes the existing theoretical approaches. The analysis determined the key tendencies in the development of chemical-mechanical polishing of semiconductor А3В5 wafers aimed at increasing the quality of wafers. The article also analyses the latest studies regarding the methods of chemical polishing as an alternative to chemical-mechanical polishing. The next section focuses on surfacepassivation methods used upon obtaining wafers with a low roughness. Passivation is performed to reduce the reactivity of the surface and stabilize surface states of wafers.
A classification of passivation methods is suggested based on the obtained chemical composition of the surface, when the passivation layers are created using oxidation, sulfidizing, or nitriding. Another classification is based on the method of creating passivating coatings and includes wet chemical methods and physico-chemical methods