bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of pre and post oral and IV contrast MDCT scan of the abdomen in assessment of early complications after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG)
Authors: Shokralla Sally Y. , Abolyazid Sherif M.
Published: January 2023

Background

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is a commonly performed bariatric surgical procedure. Abdominal CT scan is a preferred useful modality in detection of early post sleeve gastrectomy complications, namely staple line leakage, bleeding, mesenteric vascular thrombosis and splenic infarction. The aim of our study is to assess the value of abdominal MDCT in diagnosis of suspected early complications following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy operations.

Methods

Data collection included clinical and laboratory data from the referral requests written by the surgeons. MDCT scan then was performed for all patients. Follow-up clinical data for all patients and follow-up surgical findings for some patients who needed surgical intervention were collected and correlated with the CT findings.

Results

This prospective study included 75 patients referred by their surgeons as clinically suspected to have acute post LSG complications. MDCT scan was done for all those patients and detected multiple post-operative complications in 68 patients (91%) with the most common one was staple line gastric leak in 30 patients (40%), other complications were also detected as intra-abdominal abscess, porto-mesenteric thrombosis, splenic infarction and pulmonary complications. CT findings were correlated with the clinical, surgical and laboratory data of the patients as well as the follow-up findings.

Conclusions

MDCT scan is a reliable imaging modality for detecting acute post LSG complications and correlates well with both the clinical presentation and patient's follow-up data.
Superiority trial of intermittent treatment with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine versus sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine for the prevention of malaria during pregnancy
Authors: Okoro Roland Nnaemeka , Geidam Ado Danazumi , Bukar Audu Abdullahi , Zarami Abba Bukar , Ohieku John David , Musa Alhaji Bukar , Yerima Timothy Samuel
Published: January 2023

Background

Malaria in pregnancy is responsible for various adverse maternal and birth outcomes. The emerging resistance to sulfadoxine–pyrimethamine (SP) raises important concerns about its use for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) in Africa. This trial aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of IPTp with dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine (DP) as an alternative to IPTp with SP.

Results

The double-blind, randomized, and controlled superiority trial was conducted between July 2020 and June 2021. A total of 250 women were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive SP (n = 125) or DP (n = 125). Two hundred and six (82.4%) participants that contributed to the outcomes were included in the modified intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis, while 84 participants that completed the three courses of the study drugs were included in the per protocol (PP) analysis. The ITT analysis results showed that the incidence of histopathologically confirmed placental malaria was nonsignificantly higher in the DP group compared with the SP group (62.5% vs. 51.1%, P = 0.098). After adjusting for confounders, the risk of histopathologically confirmed placental malaria was also nonsignificantly higher in the DP group (Adjusted Relative Risk [RR] = 1.27, 95% CI 0.94–1.71) compared with the SP group. In contrast, the risk of a low APGAR score was significantly lower in the DP group (RR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.38–0.52) compared with the SP group. Also, the risk of a composite adverse birth outcome (low birth weight or preterm delivery or neonates small for the gestational age) was nonsignificantly lower in the DP group (Adjusted RR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.55–1.21) compared with the SP group. Both drugs were well tolerated, although nausea and vomiting occurred in a significant number of participants in the SP group.

Conclusions

A three-course IPTp with DP was safe and was not found to be superior to IPTp with SP in the prevention of placental malaria. Although IPTp with DP was associated with a significant lower risk of low APGAR score and nonsignificant lower risks of other adverse birth outcomes compared with IPTp with SP.

Trial registration

PACTR, PACTR202002644579177. Registered 20 February 2020, https://pactr.samrc.ac.za/TrialDisplay.aspx?TrialID=9753.
Rhyme or reason in therapeutics
Authors: Cookson John , Pimm Jonathan
Published: January 2023

This editorial introduces theBJPsych Advancesspecial issue on biological psychiatry.
Terahertz isotropic transmissive metasurfaces for generation of different wavefronts
Authors: Zhang Runxuan , Song Zhengyong
Published: January 2023

Metasurfaces are highly advantageous in realizing the phase discontinuity of an electromagnetic wave. Aiming at manipulating electromagnetic wavefront in terahertz band, a subwavelength multilayer meta-atom is designed, and it is composed of gold mesh, gold disk, and polyimide. By varying the diameter of the central gold disk, eight meta-atoms are prepared to provide full phase modulation with phase increase of 45°. A series of transmissive metasurfaces consisting of these meta-atoms are designed with different arrays. They achieve generations of deflection, single-focusing, dual-focusing, and orbital angular momentum with

and

. It is noteworthy that metasurfaces assembled by these isotropic meta-atoms are polarization-insensitive. Our models are numerically verified, and all results are consistent with theoretical predictions. Different from reflective metasurfaces that sometimes encounter feeding blockage, transmissive metasurfaces are feasible for the realization of a more compact terahertz system.
The two-gap BCS model in the large-N approximation within a field-theory approach
Authors: Nascimento Leandro O.
Published: January 2023

We study the continuum version of the two-gap BCS model in (3 + 1)D within the large-N approximation. We calculate the effective potential of the model which depends on two independent energy gaps σ and Δ, where σ describes the Cooper pair made of electrons that belong to the same internal symmetry whereas Δ describes the Cooper pair of electrons that have a different internal symmetry. The effective potential is calculated by considering that the Debye frequency is an ultraviolet cutoff Λ, which is meant to describe the physical lattice of 3D superconductors. Our main result shows that the extra gap provides a possible inter-band phase transition that may be either a stable or metastable phase, depending on the competion between the coupling constants of the model. We also derive the critical temperature below which the phases may be observed.
Low Bone Turnover Associates With Lower Insulin Sensitivity in Newly Diagnosed Drug-Naïve Persons With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Nasser Mohamad I , Stidsen Jacob V , Højlund Kurt , Nielsen Jens Steen , Eastell Richard , Frost Morten
Published: January 2023

Context

Bone turnover markers (BTMs) are lower in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). The relationships between bone turnover, β-cell function, and insulin sensitivity in T2D are uncertain.

Objective

To investigate if fasting levels of BTMs in persons with T2D are associated with β-cell function or insulin sensitivity.

Methods

We defined three T2D phenotypes, the insulinopenic (low β-cell function, high insulin sensitivity), the classical (low β-cell function, low insulin sensitivity), and the hyperinsulinemic (high β-cell function, low insulin sensitivity) phenotypes, in the Danish Centre for Strategic Research T2D cohort using the homeostatic model assessment. We selected age- and gender-matched subgroups to represent the three T2D phenotypes, yielding 326 glucose-lowering treatment–naïve persons with T2D. Median values of BTMs between the three T2D phenotypes were compared. Regression models were applied to assess the association between BTMs, β-cell function, and insulin sensitivity adjusted for potential confounders.

Results

Median serum levels of procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, and osteocalcin were higher in the insulinopenic phenotype (52.3 μg/L, IQR 41.6, 63.3; 259.4 ng/L, IQR 163.4, 347.7; and 18.0 μg/L, IQR 14.4, 25.2, respectively) compared with the classical (41.4, IQR 31.0, 51.4; 150.4 IQR 103.5, 265.1; 13.1, IQR 10.0, 17.6, respectively) and the hyperinsulinemic (43.7, IQR 32.3, 57.3; 163.3, IQR 98.9, 273.1; 15.7 IQR 10.2, 20.8, respectively) phenotypes (all P < .01). These differences persisted after adjustment for age, sex, waist to hip ratio, or fasting plasma glucose (P < .01).

Conclusion

BTMs are lower in newly diagnosed persons with T2D characterized by low insulin sensitivity.
Technical Nuances and Outcomes of Telescoping Pipeline Flow Diverters: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Baker Cordell M. , Hunsaker Joshua C. , Folzenlogen Zach A. , Pride Glenn L. , Case David E. , Welch Babu G. , White Jonathan A. , Roark Christopher D. , White Andrew C. , Seinfeld Joshua , Muse John , Grandhi Ramesh , Taussky Philipp
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND:

“Telescoping” multiple overlapping Pipeline Embolization Devices (PEDs; Medtronic) has increased their utility by allowing for more impermeable coverage and providing the ability to off-set landing zone sites and extend treatment constructs.

OBJECTIVE:

To consider the technical nuances and challenges of telescoping PEDs for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

METHODS:

Databases from 3 U.S. academic neurovascular centers were retrospectively queried to identify patients with intracranial aneurysms treated with multiple PED constructs. Data on patient and aneurysm characteristics, as well as outcomes including Raymond-Roy occlusion classification, modified Rankin Scale score, and complications, were gathered.

RESULTS:

Forty-six patients had 48 intracranial aneurysms treated, including 16 (33%) in whom placement of telescoping PEDs was planned. Fourteen (30%) patients presented with a ruptured aneurysm. Twenty-one aneurysms (44%) were treated with proximal extension, 13 (27%) with distal extension, and 14 (29%) with PED placement inside one another. Thirty (70%) patients had complete aneurysm occlusion at follow-up. Two (4%) patients had to be retreated. Three patients with unruptured and 1 with ruptured aneurysm had a permanent intraprocedural complication. We present descriptive cases illustrating PEDs that were placed inside one another, proximally, distally, and to improve wall apposition because of vessel tortuosity.

CONCLUSION:

Our data indicate a higher than expected complication rate that is likely because of the technical complexity of these cases. The case illustrations presented demonstrate the indications and challenging aspects of telescoping PEDs.
Impactful disease research: a DMM year in review
Authors: Hackett Rachel , Patton E. Elizabeth
Published: January 2023

Summary: Editor-in-Chief Liz Patton reflects on the achievements of DMM and looks to the future of the journal.
Invertebrates as models of learning and memory: investigating neural and molecular mechanisms
Authors: Rivi Veronica , Benatti Cristina , Rigillo Giovanna , Blom Joan M. C.
Published: January 2023

In this Commentary, we shed light on the use of invertebrates as model organisms for understanding the causal and conserved mechanisms of learning and memory. We provide a condensed chronicle of the contribution offered by mollusks to the studies on how and where the nervous system encodes and stores memory and describe the rich cognitive capabilities of some insect species, including attention and concept learning. We also discuss the use of planarians for investigating the dynamics of memory during brain regeneration and highlight the role of stressful stimuli in forming memories. Furthermore, we focus on the increasing evidence that invertebrates display some forms of emotions, which provides new opportunities for unveiling the neural and molecular mechanisms underlying the complex interaction between stress, emotions and cognition. In doing so, we highlight experimental challenges and suggest future directions that we expect the field to take in the coming years, particularly regarding what we, as humans, need to know for preventing and/or delaying memory loss.

This article has an associated ECR Spotlight interview with Veronica Rivi.
Delayed Sentinel Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with a Preoperative Diagnosis of Ductal Cancer In Situ by Preoperative Injection with Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide (SPIO) Nanoparticles: The SentiNot Study
Authors: Karakatsanis Andreas , Eriksson Staffan , Pistiolis Lida , Olofsson Bagge Roger , Nagy Gyula , Man Vivian , Kwong Ava , Wärnberg Fredrik ,   the SentiNot Trialists Group, Mohammed Imad , Hersi Abdi Fatah , Jazrawi Allan , Olofsson Helena , Stålberg Peter
Published: January 2023

Background

Difficulty in preoperatively assessing the risk for occult invasion or surgery that precludes future accurate axillary mapping in patients with ductal cancer in situ (DCIS) account for overutilization of SLND.

Methods

Prospective, multicenter, cohort study, including women with any DCIS planned for mastectomy or DCIS grade 2 and > 20 mm, any DCIS grade 3, any mass-forming DCIS and any planned surgery. Patients received an interstitial SPIO injection during breast surgery, but no upfront SLND was performed. If invasion was identified on final pathology, delayed SLND (d-SLND) was performed separately with the coadministration of isotope ± blue dye (BD). Study outcomes were proportion of upfront SLNDs that were avoided, detection rates during d-SLND, and impact on healthcare costs.

Results

In total, 78.7% of study participants (N = 254, mean age 60 years, mean DCIS size 37.8 mm) avoided upfront SLND. On d-SLND (median 28 days, range 9–46), SPIO outperformed Tc99 with (98.2% vs. 63.6%, p < 0.001) or without BD (92.7% vs. 50.9%, p < 0.001) and had higher nodal detection rate (86.9% vs. 32.3%, p < 0.001) and with BD (93.9% vs. 41.4%, p < 0.001). Only 27.9% of all SLNs retrieved were concordant for Tc99 and SPIO. Type of breast procedure (WLE vs. oncoplastic BCT vs. mastectomy) affected these outcomes and accounted for the low performance of Tc99 (p < 0.001). d-SLND resulted in a 28.1% total cost containment for women with pure DCIS on final pathology (4190 vs. 5828 USD, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Marking the SLN with SPIO may avoid overtreatment and allow for accurate d-SLND in patients with DCIS.
Caffeine Augments the Lactate and Interleukin-6 Response to Moderate-Intensity Exercise
Authors: ABBOTTS KIERAN SHAY STRUEBIN , EWELL TAYLOR RUSSELL , BOMAR MATTHEW CHARLES , BUTTERKLEE HANNAH MICHELLE , BELL CHRISTOPHER
Published: January 2023

Introduction

The release of interleukin (IL)-6 from contracting skeletal muscle is thought to contribute to some of the health benefits bestowed by exercise. This IL-6 response seems proportional to exercise volume and to lactate production. Unfortunately, high volumes of exercise are not feasible for all people. Caffeine augments the magnitude of increase in circulating IL-6 in response to high-intensity and long-duration exercise. Caffeine also increases circulating concentrations of lactate during exercise. We hypothesized that caffeine, ingested before short-duration, moderate-intensity exercise, would lead to greater circulating concentrations of lactate and IL-6 in a study population comprising both male and female individuals.

Methods

Twenty healthy adults (10 men and 10 women age 25 ± 7 yr (mean ± SD)) completed 30 min of moderate-intensity cycle ergometer exercise, at an intensity corresponding to 60% peak oxygen uptake, after ingesting either caffeine (6 mg·kg−1) or placebo. Arterialized-venous blood was collected throughout each of the exercise sessions.

Results

Compared with placebo, caffeine increased circulating concentrations of lactate at the end of exercise (5.12 ± 3.67 vs 6.45 ± 4.40 mmol·L−1, P < 0.001) and after 30 min of inactive recovery (1.83 ± 1.59 vs 2.32 ± 2.09 mmol·L−1, P = 0.006). Circulating IL-6 concentrations were greatest after 30 min of inactive recovery (P < 0.001) and higher with caffeine (2.88 ± 2.05 vs 4.18 ± 2.97, pg·mL−1, P < 0.001). Secondary analysis indicated sex differences; caffeine increased the IL-6 response to exercise in men (P = 0.035) but not in women (P = 0.358).

Conclusions

In response to moderate-intensity exercise, caffeine evoked greater circulating lactate concentrations in men and women but only increased the IL-6 response to exercise in men. These novel findings suggest that for men unwilling or unable to perform high-intensity and/or long-duration exercise, caffeine may augment the health benefits of relatively short, moderate-intensity exercise.
Active Heat Acclimation Does Not Alter Muscle–Tendon Unit Properties
Authors: MORNAS ADÈLE , BROCHERIE FRANCK , GUILHEM GAËL , GUILLOTEL ARTHUR , LE GARREC SÉBASTIEN , GOUWY RITSE , GENNISSON JEAN-LUC , BEUVE STEVE , RACINAIS SÉBASTIEN
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Heat acclimation (HA) is recommended before competing in hot and humid conditions. HA has also been recently suggested to increase muscle strength, but its effects on human’s muscle and tendon mechanical properties are not yet fully understood. This study investigated the effect of active HA on gastrocnemius medialis (GM) muscle–tendon properties.

Methods

Thirty recreationally active participants performed 13 low-intensity cycling sessions, distributed over a 17-d period in hot (HA = ~38°C, ~58% relative humidity; n = 15) or in temperate environment (CON = ~23°C, ~35% relative humidity; n = 15). Mechanical data and high-frame rate ultrasound images were collected during electrically evoked and voluntary contractions pre- and postintervention. Shear modulus was measured at rest in GM, and vertical jump performance was assessed.

Results

Core temperature decreased from the first to the last session in HA (−0.4°C ± 0.3°C; P = 0.015), while sweat rate increased (+0.4 ± 0.3 L·h−1; P = 0.010), suggesting effective HA, whereas no changes were observed in CON (both P ≥ 0.877). Heart rate was higher in HA versus CON and decreased throughout intervention in groups (both P ≤ 0.008), without an interaction effect (P = 0.733). Muscle–tendon unit properties (i.e., maximal and explosive isometric torque production, contractile properties, voluntary activation, joint and fascicular force–velocity relationship, passive muscle, and active tendon stiffness) and vertical jump performance did not show training (P ≥ 0.067) or group–training interaction (P ≥ 0.232) effects.

Conclusions

Effective active HA does not alter muscle–tendon properties. Preparing hot and humid conditions with active HA can be envisaged in all sporting disciplines without the risk of impairing muscle performance.
Clonal Kinetics and Single-Cell Transcriptional Profiles of T Cells Mobilized to Blood by Acute Exercise
Authors: ZÚÑIGA TIFFANY M. , BAKER FORREST L. , SMITH KYLE A. , BATATINHA HELENA , LAU BRANDEN , BURGESS SHANE C. , GUSTAFSON MICHAEL P. , KATSANIS EMMANUEL , SIMPSON RICHARD J.
Published: January 2023

Purpose

Acute exercise redistributes large numbers of memory T cells, which may contribute to enhanced immune surveillance in regular exercisers. It is not known, however, if acute exercise promotes a broad or oligoclonal T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire or evokes transcriptomic changes in “exercise-responsive” T-cell clones.

Methods

Healthy volunteers completed a graded bout of cycling exercise up to 80% V̇O2max. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected at rest, during exercise (EX), and 1 h after (+1H) exercise, and processed for deep TCR-β chain sequencing and tandem single-cell RNA sequencing.

Results

The number of unique clones and unique rearrangements was decreased at EX compared with rest (P < 0.01) and +1H (P < 0.01). Productive clonality was increased compared with rest (P < 0.05) and +1H (P < 0.05), whereas Shannon’s Index was decreased compared with rest (P < 0.05) and +1H (P < 0.05). The top 10 rearrangements in the repertoire were increased at EX compared with rest (P < 0.05) and +1H (P < 0.05). Cross-referencing TCR-β sequences with a public database (VDJdb) revealed that exercise increased the number of clones specific for the most prevalent motifs, including Epstein–Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, and influenza A. We identified 633 unique exercise-responsive T-cell clones that were mobilized and/or egressed in response to exercise. Among these clones, there was an upregulation in genes related to cell death, cytotoxicity, and activation (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Acute exercise promotes an oligoclonal T-cell repertoire by preferentially mobilizing the most dominant clones, several of which are specific to known viral antigens and display differentially expressed genes indicative of cytotoxicity, activation, and apoptosis.
The hybrid approach—convolutional neural networks and expectation maximisation algorithm—for tomographic reconstruction of hyperspectral images
Authors: Ahlebæk Mads , Peters Mads , Huang Wei-Chih , Frandsen Mads , Eriksen René , Jørgensen Bjarke
Published: January 2023

We present a simple, but novel, hybrid approach to hyperspectral data cube reconstruction from computed tomography imaging spectrometry (CTIS) images that sequentially combines neural networks and the iterative expectation maximisation (EM) algorithm. We train and test the ability of the method to reconstruct data cubes of 100 × 100 × 25 and 100 × 100 × 100 voxels, corresponding to 25 and 100 spectral channels, from simulated CTIS images generated by our CTIS simulator. The hybrid approach utilises the inherent strength of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) with regards to noise and its ability to yield consistent reconstructions and make use of the EM algorithm’s ability to generalise to spectral images of any object without training. The hybrid approach achieves better performance than both the CNNs and EM alone for seen (included in CNN training) and unseen (excluded from CNN training) cubes for both the 25- and 100-channel cases. For the 25 spectral channels, the improvements from CNN to the hybrid model (CNN + EM) in terms of the mean-squared errors are between 14 % and 26 %. For 100 spectral channels, the improvements between 19 % and 40 % are attained with the largest improvement of 40 % for the unseen data, to which the CNNs are not exposed during the training.
Economic Effects of Environmental Crises: Evidence from Flint, Michigan
Authors: Christensen Peter , Keiser David A. , Lade Gabriel E.
Published: January 2023

In April 2014 Flint, Michigan switched its drinking water supply from the Detroit water system to the Flint River as a temporary means to save $5 million. Over 18 months it was revealed that the switch exposed residents to dangerous levels of lead, culminating in an emergency declaration in October 2015. This paper examines the impact of this crisis on the Flint housing market. The value of Flint’s housing stock has fallen by $520 million to $559 million despite over $400 million in remediation spending. Home prices remain depressed through August 2019, 16 months after the water was declared safe for consumption. (JEL H12, I12, Q25, Q51, Q53, R31)
Exploring Residual Profit Allocation
Authors: Beer Sebastian , de Mooij Ruud , Hebous Shafik , Keen Michael , Liu Li
Published: January 2023

Residual profit allocation (RPA) schemes have come to prominence in discussions of international tax reform but with almost nothing known about their economic impact. These schemes tax multinationals by allocating their “routine” profits to source countries and sharing their remaining “residual” profit across countries on some formulaic basis. This paper explores the implications, conceptual and empirical, of moving to some form of RPA. Residual profits are estimated to be substantial and concentrated in relatively few multinational enterprises. The impact on tax revenue appears beneficial for developing countries. Aggregate production efficiency is unlikely to increase unless routine profits are lightly taxed. (JEL F23, H25, H87, L25)
Tax Audits as Scarecrows: Evidence from a Large-Scale Field Experiment
Authors: Bergolo Marcelo , Ceni Rodrigo , Cruces Guillermo , Giaccobasso Matias , Perez-Truglia Ricardo
Published: January 2023

The canonical model of Allingham and Sandmo (1972) predicts that firms evade taxes by optimally trading off between the costs and benefits of evasion. However, there is no direct evidence that firms react to audits in this way. We conducted a large-scale field experiment in collaboration with a tax authority to address this question. We sent letters to 20,440 small- and medium-sized firms that collectively paid more than US$200 million in taxes per year. We find that providing information about audits significantly affected tax compliance but in a manner that was inconsistent with Allingham and Sandmo (1972). (JEL C93, D22, H25, H26, K34, L25, O14)
Heatwave 1987: the Piraeus versus Athens case
Authors: Geronikolou Stella , Zimeras Stelios , Tsitomeneas Stephanos , Chrousos George P
Published: January 2023

Background: Heatwaves represent the main indices of climate change, while mortality is one of the established markers of their human effects. Populations adapt to temperature variations/challenges differently for unknown reasons. Thus, heatwave evaluations should be enriched by historical context and local data, to allow better precision and prediction.

Methods: The mortality data for 1987 were collected from the Piraeus municipality registry, whereas data for Athens were obtained from literature retrieved from PUBMED. Ambient characteristics were derived from Geronikolou’s 1991 thesis and the reports of national organizations. From the death events, the odds ratio and relative risk in Athens compared to the Piraeus 1987 event were calculated. Finally, a simple neural network proposed the dominant ambient parameter of the heatwave phenomenon in each place.

Results: The 1987 heatwave was more lethal (seven-fold) in Athens than in Piraeus and was found to be dependent on nitric oxide (NO) concentration (with probability 0.999). In the case of Piraeus in 1987, ozone characterized the phenomenon.

Conclusions: The odds of dying due to a heatwave are highly dependent on lifestyle, population sensitivity to preventive measures and public health policy, while the phenomenon was mainly moderated by ozone in Piraeus in 1987, and NO in Athens irrespective of year.
Subcellular protein localisation of Trypanosoma brucei bloodstream form-upregulated proteins maps stage-specific adaptations
Authors: Halliday Clare , Dean Samuel , Sunter Jack Daniel , Wheeler Richard J.
Published: January 2023

Background: Genome-wide subcellular protein localisation in Trypanosoma brucei, through our TrypTag project, has comprehensively dissected the molecular organisation of this important pathogen. Powerful as this resource is, T. brucei has multiple developmental forms and we previously only analysed the procyclic form. This is an insect life cycle stage, leaving the mammalian bloodstream form unanalysed. The expectation is that between life stages protein localisation would not change dramatically (completely unchanged or shifting to analogous stage-specific structures). However, this has not been specifically tested. Similarly, which organelles tend to contain proteins with stage-specific expression can be predicted from known stage specific adaptations but has not been comprehensively tested.

Methods: We used endogenous tagging with mNG to determine the sub-cellular localisation of the majority of proteins encoded by transcripts significantly upregulated in the bloodstream form, and performed comparison to the existing localisation data in procyclic forms.

Results: We have confirmed the localisation of known and identified the localisation of novel stage-specific proteins. This gave a map of which organelles tend to contain stage specific proteins: the mitochondrion for the procyclic form, and the endoplasmic reticulum, endocytic system and cell surface in the bloodstream form.

Conclusions: This represents the first genome-wide map of life cycle stage-specific adaptation of organelle molecular machinery in T. brucei.
EXPORT OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS OF RUSSIA: NEW OPPORTUNITIES AND DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS
Authors: Butakova Marina M. , Sokolova Olga N. , Churina Larisa I.
Published: January 2023

The paper considers the export problem of the agro-industrial products of Russia. The research relevance lies in the competition conditions in the world food markets. The paper aims to study the impact of the development of exports of agricultural products on the stability of the Russian economy.

Considering the strengthening of the position of agricultural products export in the structure of Russian exports, the paper aims to assess the problems and identify new opportunities for the development of agricultural products exports based on an analysis of its dynamics and structure.

The authors applied the methods of economic-statistical analysis to identify patterns in the dynamics and structure of exports of agricultural products. During the research, the dynamics and structure of agricultural exports were analyzed. The authors also calculated the average export price for the enlarged product groups. They concluded that (1) the share of agricultural exports in the structure of Russian exports is growing and (2) that there is a need to increase its efficiency through government support measures. New opportunities for the export of agricultural products in the world market arise with (1) an increase of the competitiveness of products, (2) the development of new sales markets, (3) a stable position of exporters, (4) the efficient production of agricultural products by national producers.

Currently, it is possible only if state support for export activities is combined with the initiatives of the agriculture entrepreneurs. The paper will be useful for regional and federal governments, the scientific community, and anyone interested in Russian export issues.
ON THE PROBLEM OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ‘SUSTAINABLE’ AGRICULTURE IN MODERN ECONOMIC REALITIES
Authors: Amirova Elmira F. , Gavrilyeva Nadezhda K. , Romanishina Tatyana S. , Asfandiarova Rima A.
Published: January 2023

Sustainability of agriculture is one of the main directions of development of the industry, which today has a high relevance due to the fact that the industry itself, on the one hand, uses land as the main resource, on the other hand, there is a significant amount of waste in the production of agricultural products, which worsen the environment. Accordingly, the relevance of the topic under consideration is determined by the need to solve the problem of finding a balance between the need to intensify the level of agricultural production and the preservation of environmental well-being. The purpose of the work is to consider the problematic aspects of the development of “sustainable” agriculture in modern economic realities and identify ways to solve certain problems. In the course of the research, the works of various specialists in the field under consideration were analyzed, on the basis of which a review of the author’s positions regarding the problem under consideration was conducted.

According to the results of the study, the following conclusion was made: the direction analysis of the sustainable agriculture development showed that in modern conditions it is necessary to focus on a set of indicators that will assess the level of decline in environmental well-being in a particular region and determine the directions of reducing the harmful impact of agriculture on the environment.

However, taking into account the complex nature of agricultural systems and multidimensional sustainability issues, a single change in agriculture (for example, the introduction of a new technology or a new policy) can lead to multiple cascading impacts on three aspects of sustainability, and therefore some of the performance indicators may improve and others may worsen. Thus, understanding the compromises and synergies between indicators is crucial for policy makers when developing strategies aimed at ensuring sustainability.
USING OZONE TECHNOLOGY IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
Authors:   BELROSAKVA LLC, Burak Leonid Ch.
Published: January 2023

The monograph is devoted to a scientific review and analysis of the results of recent scientific publications on the use of ozone technology as a method of food preservation, the mechanism of the antimicrobial action of ozone and ozonated water, and a description of the structural changes that occur in food during ozone treatment. The monograph is intended for a wide range of readers: scientists, engineers and technicians of the food industry, researchers, sanitary doctors, technologists, chemists, microbiologists, ecologists, teachers of higher educational institutions. Tab. 8. Ill. 4. Bibliography: 241
Actual problems of the subject of administrative law
Authors: Admiralova Irina , Kostennikov Mihail , Kurakin Alekesy , Lapina Marina , Meshalkin Sergey
Published: January 2023

The monograph examines the subject of administrative law, reveals the system of administrative law, draws attention to the problems of positive administrative law, as well as the essence of police law. Some actual problems of administrative and police activity are revealed.
It may be of interest to scientific and pedagogical workers, as well as used in the educational and scientific activities of legal educational organizations.
Onco-influencers en Instagram: caso de estudio de Elena Huelva y L’Oréal.
Authors: Cuenca-Octavio Nuria , Llorente-Barroso Carmen
Published: January 2023

Los líderes de opinión se han constituido como importantes fuentes de asesoramiento para otros consumidores. En este sentido, resulta llamativo el auge emblemático en el entorno de las redes sociales de la influencer femenina Elena Huelva, paciente de sarcoma de Ewing, que acumula más de medio millón de seguidores en Instagram. A través del análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de las 106 publicaciones de la onco-influencer entre noviembre de 2021 y noviembre de 2022, periodo en el que ha cobrado especial relevancia en el panorama social español, se estudia el valor de su perfil en la colaboración con la marca L’Oréal en dicha plataforma. Se desgrana del estudio que el perfil de la onco-influencer se posiciona como líder en Instagram cuando se vincula con la creación de contenido sobre el cáncer. Se observa su capacidad de influencia en el entorno de las marcas cosméticas, pues su colaboración busca posicionar el uso de la cosmética como clave en la autoestima de las pacientes para fomentar su auto-comunicación personal en la red. El contenido vertido en el perfil de la influencer es fundamental para llegar al nicho de las pacientes oncológicas.
Data-Driven COVID-19 Vaccine Development for Janssen
Authors: Bertsimas Dimitris , Li Michael Lingzhi , Liu Xinggang , Xu Jennings , Khan Najat
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has spurred extensive vaccine research worldwide. One crucial part of vaccine development is the phase III clinical trial that assesses the vaccine for safety and efficacy in the prevention of COVID-19. In this work, we enumerate the first successful implementation of using machine learning models to accelerate phase III vaccine trials, working with the single-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine to predictively select trial sites with naturally high incidence rates (“hotspots”). We develop DELPHI, a novel, accurate, policy-driven machine learning model that serves as the basis of our predictions. During the second half of 2020, the DELPHI-driven site selection identified hotspots with more than 90% accuracy, shortened trial duration by six to eight weeks (approximately 33%), and reduced enrollment by 15,000 (approximately 25%). In turn, this accelerated time to market enabled Janssen’s vaccine to receive its emergency use authorization and realize its public health impact earlier than expected. Several geographies identified by DELPHI have since been the first areas to report variants of concern (e.g., Omicron in South Africa), and thus DELPHI’s choice of these areas also produced early data on how the vaccine responds to new threats. Johnson & Johnson has also implemented a similar approach across its business including supporting trial site selection for other vaccine programs, modeling surgical procedure demand for its Medical Device unit, and providing guidance on return-to-work programs for its 130,000 employees. Continued application of this methodology can help shorten clinical development and change the economics of drug development by reducing the level of risk and cost associated with investing in novel therapies. This will allow Johnson & Johnson and others to enable more effective delivery of medicines to patients.

Funding: This work was funded by Janssen Research & Development, LLC.
Managing Airfares Under Competition: Insights from a Field Experiment
Authors: Cohen Maxime C. , Jacquillat Alexandre , Serpa Juan Camilo , Benborhoum Michael
Published: January 2023

Airfares evolve dynamically, giving rise to a so-called price path. This price path is controlled via two levers: (i) a fare ladder, which defines a set of airfares before the selling season, and (ii) revenue management algorithms, which control how fares evolve along the ladder during the season. We hypothesize that the current policies to control both levers—which do not account for quality differences between competing airlines—give rise to an inefficient price path and, accordingly, a loss of potential revenue. We substantiate this hypothesis via a field experiment. By partnering with an airline, we introduced quality considerations in the design of fare ladders, across 5,000 itineraries, to show that current ladder-design policies indeed lead to a suboptimal price path. We also show that this inefficiency can be mitigated by incorporating quality differences between competing airlines. This creates a smoother (and more profitable) price path.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.
Managing Queues with Reentrant Customers in Support of Hybrid Healthcare
Authors: Zychlinski Noa
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly boosted the use of hybrid healthcare settings, which orchestrate face-to-face services together with virtual ones. The advantages of virtual healthcare services are clear: they are less costly and less disruptive for patients who can receive the service in the comfort of their home and reduce patients’ exposure to illnesses prevalent in healthcare facilities. Nevertheless, there is evidence that patients are likely to require a supplementary in-person service upon completion of their virtual service. Motivated by such settings, we study a multiservice queueing system with face-to-face, virtual, and supplementary service channels. The service operator needs to allocate service capacity among the three classes and decide how to prioritize the patients when a service provider becomes available. The strong dependency between virtual and supplementary visits makes the problem challenging. Based on a fluid relaxation, we develop an index-based policy, the [Formula: see text] rule (or the [Formula: see text] rule in short), which, in addition to the holding cost, service time, abandonment rate, and service reward, also carefully balances the return probability and associated penalty. The theoretical results along with numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed policy and the importance of capacity coordination when managing hybrid service settings. Our work provides insights on the trade-off between convenience and the value of care when offering virtual healthcare services.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Service Science/Stochastic Systems Joint Special Issue.

Funding: The author was supported in part by an Israel Science Foundation [Grant 277/21] and the Israel National Institute for Health Policy Research [Grant 2021/160/R].
(Re)Descobrindo a teoria fundamentada para a pesquisa em enfermagem: reflexões sobre a vertente relativista [(Re)discovering the grounded theory for research in nursing: reflections on the relativist strand] [(Re)Descubriendo la teoría fundamentada para la investigación en enfermería: reflexiones sobre la corriente relativista]
Authors: Carvalho Marianne Rocha Duarte de , Rocha Silvana Santiago da , Alvarenga Willyane Andrade
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: descrever e analisar criticamente a vertente relativista da Teoria fundamentada nos dados (TFD), incluindo uma abordagem de como utilizar este referencial metodológico nas pesquisas qualitativas em enfermagem. Conteúdo: estudo teórico reflexivo organizado em três tópicos. Primeiramente apresenta a evolução da TFD e o legado straussiano; na sequência as características metodológicas da vertente relativista e, por fim, as contribuições da TFD relativista para as pesquisas em enfermagem brasileira. Considerações finais: trata-se de um referencial apropriado para estudos na enfermagem, por possibilitar a geração de modelos explicativos, a partir da prática de enfermagem, e por fornecer subsídios para os profissionais de saúde refletirem sobre o seu fazer com vistas a otimizar a qualidade do cuidado.ABSTRACTObjective: to describe and critically analyze the relativistic aspect of Grounded Theory (GT), also addressing how to use this methodological framework in qualitative research in Nursing. Content: this reflective, theoretical study was organized into three topics: first, the evolution of GT and the legacy of Strauss; then, the methodological characteristics of the relativistic approach; and, finally, the contributions of relativist GT to Brazilian Nursing research. Final considerations: this framework is appropriate for nursing studies, as it makes it possible to generate explanatory models based on nursing in practice and provides input for health personnel to reflect on their own practice, in order to optimize the quality of care.RESUMENObjetivo: describir y analizar críticamente el aspecto relativista de la Teoría fundamentada en los datos (TFD), incluyendo un enfoque sobre cómo utilizar ese marco metodológico en las investigaciones cualitativas en enfermería. Contenido: estudio teórico reflexivo organizado en tres temas. Primero, presenta la evolución de la TDF y el legado straussiano; luego, las características metodológicas de la corriente relativista y, finalmente, las contribuciones de la TDF relativista a las investigaciones en enfermería brasileña. Consideraciones finales: se trata de un marco apropiado para los estudios de enfermería, ya que permite la generación de modelos explicativos, basados en la práctica de enfermería, y que proporciona subsidios para que los profesionales de la salud reflexionen sobre su propia práctica, con el fin de optimizar la calidad del cuidado.
Transmissões e transformações de uma propriedade: o caso da sesmaria do Engenho Novo, sua arrematação e sucessão (RJ: sécs. XVIII-XIX)
Authors: De Lima Rachel Gomes
Published: January 2023

O presente artigo tem como objetivo mapear a transmissão da sesmaria do Engenho Novo, de propriedade dos jesuítas, após a expulsão da Ordem dos territórios da América Portuguesa e da venda de suas propriedades pela Fazenda Real. Buscou-se identificar mecanismos de transmissão e sucessão da elite colonial presentes na cultura portuguesa de Antigo Regime, como táticas de engenharia parental principalmente pelas mulheres e expansão de domínio direto por meio da compra de propriedades próximas. Ao longo do século XIX, os descendentes dos arrematantes do Engenho Novo formaram redes de sociabilidade e marcaram presença na elite local da freguesia rural de Inhaúma.
Para Além do Moinho de Gastar Gentes
Authors: Alves da Cunha José Ronaldo , Máximo Antonio
Published: January 2023

Em homenagem aos 100 de nascimento de Darcy Ribeiro, José Ronaldo Alves da Cunha,  presidente da Fundação Darcy Ribeiro celebra a memória de um intelectual, educador e ativista incansável na missão de “colocar as ideias no chão do mundo”, em um pequeno relato memorialístico, em tom pessoal e gentil como convém a um velho amigo. A este se acresce a sempre instigante ilustração do artista/cartunista Antônio Máximo. Para além do fato de que Darcy muito contribuiu para a melhoria das condições de educação e trabalho na UERJ, uma homenagem à sua figura questionadora parece o ponto de partida apropriado, em uma Edição dedicada às inquietações e problematizações que o gesto de celebrar e relembrar desperta.
Entrevista com o professor Flavio Wolf de Aguiar (USP)
Authors: De Moraes Vieira Beatriz , De Souza Barbosa Cairo
Published: January 2023

Flávio Wolf de Aguiar nasceu em Porto Alegre (RS), em 1947. É Doutor em Letras (1979) pela Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo (FFLCH/ USP), onde fundou e dirigiu o Centro Ángel Rama e atuou por muitos anos (1973-2006) como professor de Literatura Brasileira, até se aposentar. Sua atuação intelectual abrange os campos da Literatura, do jornalismo e da criação literária. Flavio Aguiar foi professor convidado e conferencista em universidades no Brasil, Uruguai, Argentina, Canadá, Alemanha, Costa do Marfim e Cuba. Dentre seus mais de trinta livros publicados constam os de autoria própria, as coletâneas por ele organizadas ou editadas, traduções e participações em antologias. São obras de crítica literária, ficção e poesia. Ao longo da vida, trabalhou nos principais jornais e revistas brasileiros. No período da ditadura militar, foi editor de cultura do jornal Movimento.
Spotting the signs
Authors: Hylton Preetee
Published: January 2023

Preetee Hylton reminds us of the key oral STI symptoms to keep an eye out for, and how to have a safe Valentine's day!
The key to success
Authors: Khan-Osborne Fazeela
Published: January 2023

Fazeela Khan-Osborne tells us why the dental nurse is the lynchpin of the implant team.
The Long View
Authors: Yermack Larry
Published: January 2023

The tolling industry will be disrupted beyond recognition – just as the television industry was
Shaping Off-Highway With Computer Vision and AI
Authors: Mastera Michael Thomas
Published: January 2023

A LEADING FUNCTIONAL SAFETY PROVIDER HAS HELPED ESTABLISH A STATE-OF-THE-ART LABORATORY THAT WILL CONVERT RESEARCH INTO REAL WORLD TECHNOLOGY SOLUTIONS