bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representasi Ekologis pada Buku Teks: Analisis Wacana Kritis untuk Kesadaran Ekologis
Authors: Sarasati Ruruh
Published: January 2025

Ecological literacy is an important part of forming an environmentally conscious generation. One way to foster ecological literacy is to include ecological components in student books in schools. This research analyzes the texts in Indonesian textbooks from the perspective of Critical Discourse Analysis. The Critical Discourse Analysis used in this research is Norman Fairclough's Critical Discourse Analysis. There are three dimensions of critical discourse analysis study, namely text analysis, text production analysis, and social practice analysis. Data collection was carried out using the read and labelling technique. The results showed that text analysis has represented ecology and ecological awareness, while text production analysis and social practice analysis are still limited to ecological elements, not yet referring to the current situation in the field.
Tren Integrasi Literasi Ekologis dalam Materi Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dalam Kurikulum 2013 dan Kurikulum Merdeka
Authors: Nada Zilfania Qathrun , Listiana Heni
Published: January 2025

This study discusses the importance of ecological literacy in increasing students' awareness of the environment through learning Indonesian. This study aims to combine ecological literacy in Indonesian language materials in junior high schools and senior high schools in the 2013 Curriculum and the Independent Curriculum, and to assess the effectiveness of the learning methods used by teachers. The study used a qualitative approach through analysis of curriculum content, learning materials, and interviews with Indonesian language teachers. The analysis also includes a study of literary works that raise environmental themes. The results show that the 2013 Curriculum emphasizes more on introducing the environment through narrative and informative texts, while the Independent Curriculum focuses more on direct student involvement through observation and real action activities. Both are effective in increasing students' environmental awareness, although with different approaches. In conclusion, the 2013 Curriculum focuses on theoretical understanding, while the Independent Curriculum encourages real action for environmental conservation.
Strategi Guru dalam Membentuk Green Behaviour melalui Pembelajaran Ekopedagogi di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Romadhon Sahrul , Oktafiana Shinta , Risdiana Faraniena Yunaeni
Published: January 2025

Ecopedagogy learning is important to implement in an effort to preserve the environment and shape students' Green behaviour. This study aims to describe the teacher's efforts in internalising Green behaviour in students through learning. This research uses descriptive qualitative research with observation and interview data collection techniques. This research was conducted in elementary schools in Tlanakan sub-district that have integrated learning with environmental awareness. The results of this study are that there are three Green behaviours, namely caring for the earth, caring for the surrounding environment and being wise in waste management. The teacher's strategy in shaping the behaviour of caring for the earth by making slogans, habituation of bringing bottles and providing examples. Caring for the environment by planting local plants, greening and processing organic waste as fertiliser. Wise in waste management by joining the P5 project by making creations from used goods, ecoprint batik and saving waste in plastic bottles. The internalisation of Green behaviour provides many benefits to students' behaviour in protecting the environment. And the strategies carried out by teachers provide direct experience and learning.
Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Teks Eksplanasi Bermuatan Ekologi untuk Mendukung Pencapaian Profil Pelajar Pancasila untuk SMK
Authors: Indra Deden , Werdiningsih Dyah
Published: January 2025

This research aims to develop ecology-themed explanatory text teaching materials to support the achievement of the Pancasila Student Profile for vocational high schools (SMK). The teaching materials are designed to raise environmental awareness and foster sensitivity towards ecological issues. The development process follows the 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate), focusing on the first three phases. Data collection techniques include questionnaires for students through purposive sampling and interviews with Indonesian language teachers. The results show that the teaching materials have a significant potential to be used in vocational education, integrating essential ecological knowledge with practical skills. This research underlines the importance of incorporating sustainable education in vocational curricula, ensuring students are equipped to face both the workforce and further education with an awareness of environmental challenges.
Penerapan Kontruksi Ekologis dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia pada Siswa di MA Ummul Quro Putri Pamekasan
Authors: Kusumawati Hesty , Alatas Mochamad Arifin
Published: January 2025

The application of ecological construction in Indonesian language and literature learning is a significant effort to integrate environmental awareness into the educational process. This study aims to explore how ecological construction is applied in language and literature learning at MA Ummul Quro Putri Pamekasan using a descriptive qualitative method and a naturalistic approach. Data were collected through observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation, involving teachers, students, and school principals as primary data sources. Based on the theory of ecological construction, which emphasizes the reciprocal relationship between humans, the environment, and culture, the study found that ecological construction was implemented by integrating environmental themes into learning materials, using teaching resources relevant to ecological issues, and engaging students in discussions that connect literature with environmental awareness. Teachers act as facilitators, encouraging students to relate learning to the ecological realities around them. Furthermore, ecological construction-based learning effectively enhances students' critical thinking, imagination, creativity, and instills sustainability values. The study concludes that implementing ecological construction positively impacts students' understanding of the importance of maintaining a balance between humans, nature, and culture, contributing to the development of holistic, sustainability-oriented learning approaches.
Current State and Prospects for Improving Metrological Support in the Field of Measuring the Thickness of Coatings Using the X-ray Fluorescence Method
Authors: Shipitsyna M. V. , Tyurnina A. E.
Published: January 2025

The authors were prompted to discuss the practice of using the X-ray fluorescence for measuring coating thickness in the scientific community by the high demand for the method, which is constantly growing in the Russian Federation as the high-tech sector of mechanical engineering, instrument making and electronics develops in the country.

The review presented in the article can predetermine the prospects for improving the metrological support of the X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and, more broadly, in the field of non-destructive measurements of coating thickness in general. The authors collected and systematized bibliographic material on types of coatings, methods of their application, advantages and limitations of non-destructive measurements of coating thickness. Based on these data, questions are formulated that can provide direction for scientific research aimed at developing non-destructive methods for testing coating thickness.

The published material is addressed primarily to metrologists providing control in this area and manufacturers of instruments and means for monitoring the quality of coatings. The authors allow the development of the discussion taking into account the opinion and experience of using non-destructive testing of coating thickness in the conditions of the current production.
Development of Reference Materials of Benzoic and Sorbic Acids
Authors: Krasheninina M. P. , Shokhina O. S. , Makarova S. G. , Golynets O. S. , Sergeeva A. S.
Published: January 2025

The article introduces the development of reference materials of benzoic and sorbic acids with a certified value of the mass fraction of the main substance. The development of reference materials was carried out in several stages: identification, characterization, study of homogeneity and stability of reference materials. Identification of candidate materials for reference materials was carried out by IR Fourier spectroscopy and determination of melting point by differential thermal analysis. The candidate materials for reference materials were characterized by the indirect method «one hundred minus the sum of impurities» with confirmation of the measurement results by the direct method – the acid-base titration method. It was established that the measurement results of the mass fraction of the main substance of benzoic and sorbic acids obtained by the acid-base titration method and the mass balance method are consistent with each other taking into account the values of expanded uncertainties. The work was carried out using primary and secondary standards. The accuracy of the measurement results of the mass fraction of the main substance was increased by searching for and selecting optimal measurement modes when determining each type of impurity. The homogeneity of materials was determined using the one-way analysis of variance method; stability was determined using the regression analysis method.

The developed reference materials of benzoic and sorbic acids were included in the Federal Information Fund for Ensuring the Uniformity of Measurements as GSO 12297–2023 and GSO 12298–2023. The certified value of the mass fraction of the main substance is in the range from 95.00 to 100.00 %, the limits of the permissible values of the absolute error at P = 0.95 are ± 0.5 %.

The use of GSO 12297–2023 and GSO 12298–2023 for certification and control of the accuracy of methods, establishment and control of the stability of calibration characteristics of measuring instruments, verification, calibration of measuring instruments can improve the quality of food products, food raw materials and pharmaceuticals.
Recipe Based Anomaly Detection with Adaptable Learning: Implications on Sustainable Smart Manufacturing
Authors: Lee Junhee , Jang Jaeseok , Tang Qing , Jung Hail
Published: January 2025

The advent of Industry 4.0 has significantly transformed the manufacturing sector, bringing advancements in quality control efficiency, environmental sustainability, and production development. These changes have led to development of intelligent technologies such as artificial intelligence(AI). However, implementing AI solutions in manufacturing processes still faces challenges in many aspects, particularly in handling irregular datasets influenced by diverse manufacturing settings. Especially in the field of injection molding, quality inspection often occurs at the batch level rather than per individual data, providing only the overall defective ratio of the batch production instead of each labeling result. These issues limit the general application of AI and data-driven decision making. To address these limitations and promote sustainable manufacturing, this study proposes a novel anomaly detection framework for a specific manufacturing process. For Recipe-Based Learning, we first apply K-Means to separate injection molding data into specific-setting based recipes to secure data normality. Then, autoencoders for anomaly detection are trained with normal data from each recipe. With taking control of the nature of the dataset, this data-driven AI approach resulted in predicting 61 defective products compared to the existing 41 defects. Meanwhile, the integrated model without considering the change of settings only predicted 2 defects which imply a poor and distorted quality inspection. For Adaptable Learning focused on new inputs with unseen settings, we apply KL-Divergence to find the closest trained recipe data and its model. In this case, it also exceeded the predictivity compared to the integrated and additionally trained models. This leads to continuous prediction without further training, which successfully expands the data-driven AI approach considering the change of settings. In the aspect of smart factory in the injection molding field, such improvement of continuous quality inspection with the proper application of AI can first enhance the productivity throughout the advancement of data-driven decision making. Furthermore, it is expected to efficiently reduce such environmental waste and computational cost, ensuring the overall sustainable manufacturing.
Development of a Risk Assessment System for Navigational Obstacles Considering Collision and Pollution Risks
Authors: Lee Daehan , Namgung Ho , Yoo Sang-Lok
Published: January 2025

Navigational obstacles can impede safe vessel operation and cause secondary accidents, neces-sitating their rapid removal. To conduct these removal operations efficiently, it is necessary to comprehensively assess the effects of obstacles on both collision and pollution risks. However, comprehensive risk assessments that simultaneously consider both collision and pollution risks are lacking. In this study, a navigational obstacle risk assessment system based on the fuzzy set theory was developed to support the rapid removal of obstacles. The system comprises three main components: (i) a collision risk assessment model utilizing Monte Carlo simulation, (ii) a pollution risk assessment model employing a hazard management structure for sinking vessels, and (iii) a fuzzy set-based evaluation system that integrates risk indices derived from these models to infer the comprehensive risk. The results of the simulation-based case study confirm that the developed system provides reliable risk assessment by comprehensively considering both the collision and pollution risks. The system is sensitive to changes in the risk levels and effectively reflects the realistic conditions, thereby overcoming the limitations of existing research. This demonstrates its potential as a valuable tool for decision making for rapid removal of navigational obstacles.
Variable Selection for Generalized Single-index Varying-coefficient Models with Applications to Synergistic G×E Interactions
Authors: Guan Shunjie , Liu Xu , Cui Yuehua
Published: January 2025

Complex diseases such as type 2 diabetes are influenced by both environmental and genetic risk factors, leading to a growing interest in identifying gene-environment (G×E) interactions. Guan et al. (2023) proposed a three-step variable selection method for single-index varying-coefficients models. This method selects varying and constant effect genetic predictors, as well as non-zero loading parameters, to identify genetic factors that interact linearly or nonlinearly with a mixture of environmental factors to influence disease risk. In this paper, we extend this approach to a binary response setting given that many complex human diseases are binary traits. We also establish the oracle property for our variable selection method, demonstrating that it performs as well as if the correct sub-model were known in advance. Additionally, we assess the performance of our method through finite sample simulations with both continuous and discrete gene variables. Finally, we apply our approach to a type 2 diabetes dataset, identifying potential genetic factors that interact with a combination of environmental variables, both linearly and nonlinearly, to influence the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Pesticides and Eroding Food Citizenship: Understanding Individual Perspectives on the Greek Food System
Authors: Simoglou Konstantinos B. , Skarpa Paraskevi El. , Roditakis Emmanouil
Published: January 2025

This study explores consumer perceptions of the Greek food system, focusing on safety concerns related to pesticide residues. Utilizing a qualitative research design, thematic analysis was conducted on data collected from 1,024 participants through an online survey platform between May and November 2024. Participants, representing diverse demographics across Greece, provided insights into their experiences and concerns regarding food safety. The analysis revealed significant themes, including a crisis of confidence in governance, demands for transparency, and skepticism towards food system actors. Participants expressed disillusionment with the state's role in ensuring food safety and highlighted the need for a governance framework that aligns with community values. The findings underscore the importance of empowering consumers with accurate information to foster informed decision-making and rebuild trust in the food system. Ultimately, the study emphasizes the necessity for a transformative approach to food governance that incorporates diverse voices and perspectives, aiming to create a more equitable and sustainable food system in Greece. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on food citizenship and the collective responsibilities of all stakeholders in ensuring food safety and integrity.
Clinical Features and Prospective Outcomes of Thin Filament Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy: Intrinsic Data and Comparative Insights from Other Cohorts
Authors: Chumakova Olga S. , Baklanova Tatiana N. , Zateyshchikov Dmitry A.
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common genetic heart disease. The most frequently mutated genes encode proteins of the thick filament of the sarcomere, while mutations in thin filament genes are rare findings in HCM cohorts. Recent studies have revealed distinct mechanisms of disease development linked to thin filament mutations, highlighting the need for further investigation into this rare subgroup. Methods: A total of 82 adult patients with sarcomere-positive HCM were enrolled. Baseline characteristics and nearly five years of follow-up data from 15 patients with thin filament mutations were analyzed and compared with those from 67 patients with thick filament mutations and findings from other studies. Results: Compared to thick filament HCM patients, individuals with thin filament mutations exhibited significantly lower maximum left ventricular wall thickness, as measured by both echocardiography (p = 0.024) and cardiac magnetic resonance (p = 0.006), showed more rapid progression to advanced heart failure (HR=5.6, p = 0.018), and were less often underwent septal reduction therapy (p = 0.025). None of thin filament HCM patients experienced malignant arrhythmic events. Conclusions: In adults, thin filament HCM is associated with a ‘thinner’ phenotype and a more rapid progression to advanced heart failure compared to thick filament HCM. Data on a higher risk of malignant arrhythmias in thin filament HCM remain controversial between studies and rather depend on the age of onset and genotype in each partic-ular family.
Maternal Resveratrol Supplementation Attenuates Prenatal Stress Impacts on Anxiety- and Depressive-like Behaviors by Regulating Bdnf Transcripts Expression in the Brain of Adult Male Offspring Rats
Authors: Gerardo Vera-Juárez , Edgar Ricardo Vázquez-Martínez , Raquel Gómez-Pliego , Margarita López-Martínez , Judith Espinosa-Raya
Published: January 2025

Prenatal stress has been reported to harm the physiological and biochemical functions of the brain of the offspring, potentially resulting in anxiety- and depression-like behaviors later in life. Trans- Resveratrol (RESV) is known for its anti-inflammatory, anxiolytic, and antidepressant properties. However, whether administering RESV during pregnancy can counteract the anxiety- and de-pression like behaviors induced by maternal stress is unknown. This study aimed to assess the protective potential of RESV against molecular and behavioral changes induced by prenatal stress. During pregnancy, the dams received 50 mg/kg BW/day of RESV orally. They underwent a movement restriction for forty-five minutes, three times a day, in addition to being exposed to artificial light 24 hours before delivery. The male offspring were left undisturbed until early adulthood, at which point they underwent behavioral assessments, including the open field test, elevated plus maze, and forced swim test. Subsequently, they were euthanized, and the hippo-campus and prefrontal cortex were extracted for RT-qPCR analysis to measure Bdnf mRNA ex-pression. By weaning, results showed that prenatal stress led to reduced weight gain and, in adulthood, increased anxiety- and depression-like behaviors and changes in Bdnf mRNA expres-sion. However, these effects were attenuated by maternal RESV supplementation. The findings suggest that RESV can prevent anxiety- and depression-like behaviors induced by prenatal stress by modulating Bdnf mRNA expression.
Zoonotic and Qualitative Aspects of Raw Meat-Based Diets for Dogs in the Netherlands, a Follow-Up Study
Authors: Corbee Ronald Jan , van Hoorn Patrick , Overgaauw Paulus A.M.
Published: January 2025

Background: The Dutch branch organization for pet products promised the public to improve the quality of raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) for dogs after several diagnoses of tuberculosis, brucellosis, and hyperthyroidism in dogs that were fed RMBDs. Objective: To re-evaluate the risk factors of raw meat diets for dogs that are commercially available in The Netherlands. Methods: seven commercial brands of RMBDs, that were previously investigated, were re-tested, as well as a new introduced high pressure processing (HPP) product. Raw beef sausage for humans was included for comparison. In total 40 animal RMBDs (five batches per product) were tested for the presence of colony forming units (CFU) Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, directly after defrosting and 4 hours later, and thyroid hormone. Results: Exceeded EU standards for CFU and Salmonella bacteria were present in several samples. In the HPP product bacteria were still present, however, the counts were lower. There were no differences direct after defrosting and 4 hours later. The human raw meat product was negative for bacteria. Thyroid hormone could be detected in 20 out of 37 samples. In 7 of these samples the levels were >0.75µg/g which have been associated with hyperthyroidism. Conclusions: The hygiene, including the use of HPP production, and accurate removal of thyroid tissue during production of RMBDs still needs attention to prevent the presence of zoonotic bacteria , high CFU, and diet-induced hyperthyroidism.
Nutrition and Gut Health: Preparation and Efficacy of Resistant Starch
Authors: Niu Yulong , Wang Li , Gong Huiyi , Jia Shuqing , Guan Qing , Li Linling , Cheng Hua
Published: January 2025

The resistance starch (RS) denotes starch varieties that remain undigested by human digestive enzymes and subsequently undergo fermentation in the colon, resulting in the production of short-chain fatty acids. Owing to its distinctive physicochemical attributes and functional capabilities, RS has garnered extensive applications within the food industry. In terms of structure and function, RS can be categorized into five distinct types: RS1 through RS5. These types are advantageous in dietary contexts, contributing to improved colonic health, the modulation of microbial communities, the reduction in gallstone formation, the enhancement of mineral absorption, and alterations in fat oxidation potential. From a technical standpoint, RS can be manufactured through an array of physical, enzymatic, and chemical modifications. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the existing literature, summarizing the classification, structural features, raw material origins, preparation methodologies, and functionalities of RS. Furthermore, it offers valuable insights for the continued development and application of RS.
Fluence Rate-Dependent Kinetics of Light-Triggered Liposomal Doxorubicin Assessed by Quantitative Fluorescence-Based Endoscopic Probe
Authors: Rohrbach Daniel J. , Carter Kevin A. , Luo Dandan , Shao Shuai , Aygun-Sunar Semra , Lovell Jonathan , Sunar Ulas
Published: January 2025

Liposomal doxorubicin (Dox), a treatment option for recurrent ovarian cancer, often suffers from suboptimal biodistribution and efficacy, which might be addressed with precision drug delivery systems. Here, we introduce a catheter-based endoscopic probe designed for multispectral, quantitative monitoring of light-triggered drug release. This tool utilizes red-light photosensitive porphyrin-phospholipid (PoP), which is encapsulated in liposome bilayers to enhance targeted drug delivery. By integrating diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy, our approach not only corrects the effects of tissue optical properties but also ensures accurate drug delivery to deep-seated tumors. Preliminary results validate the probe effectiveness in controlled settings, highlighting its potential for future clinical adaptation. This study sets the stage for in vivo applications, enabling the exploration of next-generation treatment paradigms for the management of cancer by optimizing chemotherapy administration with precision and control.
A Study on the Application of Weights to the Valuation Basis of Development Projects in the Analysis of Bid Decision Factors for Non-Performing Real Estate Project Financing
Authors: Kim Taegeun , Shim Heecheol , Kim Sungrok
Published: January 2025

This study aims to derive internal and external characteristics of non-performing real estate Project Financing workplaces and examine the effects of specific factors on their successful bidding. In addition, significant variables are selected based on the analysis result, and an AHP analysis is performed to establish a new valuation system for real estate development projects. After careful consideration of various literature reviews and expert opinions, the analysis model is established to secure the suitability of the study model with the error range minimized. As AHP was performed based on the newly established hierarchy, the higher ranks of each valuation factor were derived based on priority and importance, and the valuation basis was rearranged accordingly. The conclusion was derived through a comprehensive review of the results of the two analyses above. It was verified that certain factors—business feasibility assessment, work performance assessment, basal evaluation—played key roles in the success and successful bidding of real estate projects. This point suggests that strict project management and performance standards must be set based on the economic achievements of financial validity indexes and business performance capabilities. Stable profit distribution and business transparency are also viewed as vital factors for the success of projects. Therefore, this study reestablishes the valuation basis for development projects and presents policy suggestions on location propriety and business advancement based on the analysis of non-performing PF bid decision factors and the development project valuation basis.
The Role of Brown Algae as a Capping Agent in the Synthesis ZnO Nanoparticles to Enhance Antibacterial Activities of Cotton Fabrics
Authors: Rohaeti Eli , Helmiyati Eli , Joronavalona Rasamimanana , Taba Paulina , Sondari Dewi , Kamari and Azlan
Published: January 2025

Research to study the role of brown algae Padina sp. as a capping agent in the synthesis ZnO nanoparticles, characteristics of ZnO nanoparticles, and the effect of cotton fabric modification through the addition of ZnO nanoparticles and/or silane compounds on antibacterial and antifungal activities has been conducted. The synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles uses green synthesis and then characterization using UV/VIS/NIR, ATR-FTIR, XRD, PSA, and SEM-EDS. In-situ depositing of ZnO nanoparticles on cotton fabrics and addition of silane compounds. Characterization of modified and unmodified cotton fabrics to determine the antibacterial and antifungal activity tests were carried out by disc diffusion method through measurement of the diameter of the inhibition zone against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Malassezia furfur bacteria. Characterization of ZnO nanoparticles shows absorption at a wavelength of 357 nm; the number of waves is 450 cm-1; The peak of diffraction is at an angle of 36.14; Crystal size of 15.35 nm; Distribution of heterogeneous particles; Particle size in the range of 1.74-706 nm (PSA) and 45-297 nm (SEM); irregular particle shape. The results of the best antibacterial and antifungal activity in cotton+HDTMS+ZnO nanoparticles (K8) and cotton + ZnO nanoparticles+HDTMS/MTMS (K4).
Flexible Hall Angle Sensor Compatible with the CMOS Process
Authors: Luo Ye , Zheng Huaxiong , Guan Ke , Lv Yang , Fang Youtong
Published: January 2025

Silicon-based Hall ASIC chips have become very successful, making them ideal for flexible electronic and sensor devices. In this study, we designed, simulated, and tested flexible angle sensors that can be made using CMOS technology. These sensors are manufactured on a 100 µm thick flexible PI membrane, which is suitable for large-scale production and has strong potential for industrial use. The Hall sensors have a sensitivity of 0.205V/mT. Importantly, their sensitivity remains stable even after being bent to a minimum radius of 10 mm and after undergoing 100 bending cycles. The experiment shows that these flexible devices are promising as angle sensors.
A Three-Dimensional Imaging Method for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Borne SAR Based on Nested Difference Co-array and Azimuth Multi-Snapshot
Authors: Shi Ruizhe , Luo Yitong , Zhang Zhe , Qiu Xiaolan , Ding Chibiao
Published: January 2025

Due to its miniature size and single-pass nature, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-borne array Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is capable of obtaining three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic scattering information with low cost and high efficiency, making it widely applicable in various fields. However, the limited payload capacity of the UAV platform results in a limited number of array antennas and affects the 3D resolution. This paper proposed a 3D imaging method for UAV-borne SAR based on nested difference co-array and azimuth multi snapshot. We first designed an antenna arrangement based on nested arrays, generating a virtual antenna twice as long as the original one. Then we used difference co-array method for 3D imaging. The required multi-snapshot data is obtained through azimuth down-sampling, rather than the traditional spatial averaging methods. Due to the slow flight of the UAV, this method can generate multiple SAR images without affecting the two-dimensional resolution. Based on simulation and real data verification, the proposed algorithm overcomes the problem of two-dimensional resolution decline caused by traditional spatial averaging methods and improves the third dimension resolution ability, achieving half of the Rayleigh resolution theoretically.
Dynamical Complexity in Geomagnetically Induced Current Activity Indices Using Block Entropy
Authors: Boutsi Adamantia Zoe , Papadimitriou Constantinos , Balasis Georgios , Brinou Christina , Zampa Emmeleia , Giannakis Omiros
Published: January 2025

Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) are a manifestation of space weather events at ground level. GICs have the potential to cause power failures in electric grids. The GIC index is a proxy of the ground geoelectric field, derived solely from geomagnetic field data. Information theory can be used to shed light on the dynamics of complex systems, such as the coupled solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere-ground system. We perform Block entropy analysis of the GIC activity indices at middle latitude European observatories around the St. Patrick’s Day March 2015 intense magnetic storm and Mother’s Day (or Gannon) May 2024 superintense storm. We find that the GIC indices values are generally higher for the May 2024 storm, indicating elevated risk levels. Furthermore, the entropy values of the SYM-H and GIC indices are higher in the time interval before the storms than during the storms, indicating the transition from a system with lower organization to a system with higher organization. The results show promise for space weather applications.
The Way to Solve ‘Dark Energy’ Problem Use Black Hole Property Without Ad Hoc Dark Energy Solution
Authors: Shek Tom
Published: January 2025

Dark energy is hypothesized to explain both the curvature of the universe and its accelerated expansion, yet its true nature remains elusive. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to explain dark energy using the properties of black holes. By considering the contribution of the energy-momentum tensor of black holes, often neglected in cosmological models, we demonstrate that ignoring this component can lead to the observed effects attributed to dark energy. Furthermore, we explore a logical paradox involving observability and causality, arguing that this paradox supports the isotropic and instantaneous nature of dark energy effects. Finally, we connect our theoretical framework to observational data, particularly the growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their relationship to cosmic expansion, providing an empirical foundation for our hypothesis.
Role of TRP Channels in Cancer-Induced Bone Pain
Authors: Coluzzi Flaminia , Scerpa Maria Sole , Alessandri Elisa , Romualdi Patrizia , Rocco Monica
Published: January 2025

The burden of cancer is growing in almost every country. Bone metastases significantly affect the prognosis and lead to an increase in mortality and morbidity. The management of cancer-induced bone pain (CIBP) still shows various unmet needs. Opioids use is burdened by a number of possible side effects. Moreover, recent progresses in cancer treatment significantly increased the life expectancy of cancer patients, even those with metastatic disease. In this narrative review we reported the main findings regarding TRP channels function in cancer pain models. TRP cation channels play a key role in different functions of cancer cells, including regulation of their potential for metastatization, and are the main channels involved in the pathways of pain perception, through peripheral and central effects. Genetic deletion decreased pain sensitivity following tumour cell inoculation. Preclinical data suggest a potential role for modulators of some TRP channels, such as TRPV1, TRPA1, TRPM7 and TRPM8. Clinical results are still scarce, however the physiological role in modulating bone remodelling and the involvement of TRP channels in preclinical models of bone cancer pain, in-creased in the last few years the interest of research as innovative analgesic strategies that may overcome the long-term side effects of opioids.
The Disruptions of Sphingolipid and Sterol Metabolism in the Short Fiber of Ligon-lintless-1 Mutant Revealed Obesity Impeded Cotton Fiber Elongation and Secondary Cell Wall Deposition
Authors: Tian Huidan , Wang Qiaoling , Yan Xingying , Zhang Hongju , Chen Zheng , Ma Caixia , Meng Qian , Xu Fan , Luo Ming
Published: January 2025

Cotton is the most important natural fiber crop in the world. Cotton fiber cells are not only the major economic product of cotton, but also an ideal material for studying the growth and development of plant cell. The fiber cell elongation and secondary cell wall development of short and thick fiber mutant ligon lintless-1 (li-1) are severely impaired. However, its mechanism is still unclear. Boosting evidence showed that sphingolipids and sterols play important roles in the growth and development of fiber cell. But it is unknown that the changes of these lipids are in the li-1 fiber cells. In the study, we detected the lipid profiles of 10-DPA and 20-DPA fiber cells of wild type (TM-1), and 10-DPA fiber cells of li-1 mutant by untargeted and targeted lipidomics. In the result, seven lipid classes, 33 lipid sub-classes, and 793 lipid molecular species were detected by untargeted lipidomics. Nine sphingolipid species and seven sterols were detected by targeted lipidomics. The PA, PC, PE, PI, CER, CerG1, DG, TG, and AGlcSiE enriched in fiber cells. 23 lipid sub-classes and 82 lipid molecular species were altered significantly between 10-DPA and 20-DPA fiber cells. Compared with 10-DPA fibers, the lipid intensity of 16 sub-classes and 56 lipid molecular species decreased while 7 lipid sub-classes and 26 lipid molecular species increased in the fibers at stage of SCW deposition (20-DPA). Similarly, obvious difference was detected between li-1 and TM-1 fibers. Compared with TM-1, 20 lipid sub-classes and 60 lipid molecular species increased significantly, only five lipid sub-classes and eight lipid molecular species decreased in li-1 mutant. It is surprising that the sitosterol ester increased by 59.56 fold in li-1 fibers. Detailed sphingolipid and sterol profiles indicated all molecular species of S1P, PhytoCer-OHFA, and GluCer increased while all molecular species of Sph, PhytoSph, and GIPC decreased in li-1 fibers. The mutant fiber cells showed a significantly increase in campesteryl ester, sitosteryl ester, and total steryl ester, with 21.8, 48.7, and 45.5 fold increases, respectively. Moreover, transcriptome analysis indicated that the different expression genes between TM-1 and li-1 fibers enriched in the pathway of fatty acid elongation and degradation, glycosphingolipid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and brassinosteroid biosynthesis. Furthermore, the number of oil body also increased in li-1 leaf and fiber cell when compared with wild type. These results illuminated that fiber cell elongation was blocked in the li-1 mutant was not due to a lack of lipids, but rather lipid over-accumulation (obesity), which may result from the disruption of sphingolipid and sterol metabolism. This study provides a new perspective for further studying the regulatory mechanisms of fiber development.
Laser-Free Photosensitive Systems in Cancer Therapy: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Jia Ruixue , Zhang Shuyun , Zhang Jicheng , Li Yi
Published: January 2025

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the use of photosensitizers (PSs) that, upon activation by specific wavelengths of light, generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen (¹O₂) and hydroxyl radicals (·OH), within the targeted tissue, typically tumor cells. The generated ROS induce cellular damage, disrupt cellular processes, and ultimately lead to apoptosis or necrosis of the tumor cells. However, the clinical application of PDT is significantly hindered by the limited tissue penetration ability of light. To address this limitation, laser-free self-luminescent photosensitive systems have emerged as potential solutions for achieving deep-tissue PDT and imaging. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of various laser-independent photosensitive systems, with a particular emphasis on those based on resonance energy transfer (RET), chemically induced electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) and Cherenkov radiation energy transfer (CRET). The aim of this review is to offer a theoretical framework for the development of novel photodynamic systems and to reassess the application potential of certain previously overlooked photosensitizers (PSs).
The Influence of Relational Resources and Digital Capability on Entrepreneurial Performance Through the Mediating Role of Value Proposition Innovation Among Small Snack Food Production Enterprises in China
Authors: Li Haibo , Ang Hong Loong , Fabeil Noor Fzlinda
Published: January 2025

This paper aims to conduct an empirical study on the influence of relational resources (RR) and digital capability (DC) on entrepreneurial performance (EP), as well as to examine the mediating role of value proposition innovation (VPI). This research seeks to fill the gap in existing literature regarding the impact of relational resources and digital capability on entrepreneurial performance. Data were collected from 191 respondents from small snack food production enterprises in China. The Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method was employed to analyze and measure both direct and indirect effects, and to test the hypothesized model. The findings indicate that while relational resources and digital capability do not have a significant positive influence on entrepreneurial performance, they significantly positively influence value proposition innovation, which in turn has a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial performance. Therefore, value proposition innovation fully mediates the relationship between relational resources, digital capability and entrepreneurial performance. This study contributes to resolving the ongoing debate on the influence of relational resources and digital capability on entrepreneurial performance.
Multivariate Analyses of Chemical and Microbiological Soil Properties and CO2 Emission Under Long-Term Fertilizer Experiment and Four-Crop Rotation on Luvic Chernozem
Authors: Kuncheva Gergana Slavova , Gynchev Galin Georgiev , Perfanova Jonita Jordanova , Kercheva Milena , Tribis Lev Igorevich , Valchovski Hristo Ivanov
Published: January 2025

A key objective of contemporary agriculture is to restore biodiversity, preserve ecosystem health, reduce the effects of climate change, and produce safe and healthy foods. Maintaining high soil fertility while reducing greenhouse gas emissions requires a precise assessment of how fertilization and crop rotation affect the carbon and nitrogen cycles in agroecosystems. In the context of a long-term fertilizer experiment on Luvic Chernozem, a monitoring of chemical and microbiological soil properties and CO2 emission was carried out. The fertilization treatments that have been continuously applied for 64 years under four-crop (wheat, barley, corn, and beans) rotation are N, P, K, NP, NK, PK, NPK, and 0. The highest organic carbon content was observed in the treatments NPK (1.42%) and NP (1.43%), and the lowest in the control (1.05%). The constant application of nitrogen as single fertilizer led to lower SOC values (1.22%). On average, CO2 emissions were the most intensive in NP (66.34 kg ha-1 day-1), NPK (67.82 kg ha-1 day-1) and PK (60.16 kg ha-1 day-1) treatments. The nitrogen fertilizer application most significantly alters soil properties including pH, EC, and SOC, which alters the environment for soil microbial development and influences the number and composition of soil microbial communities.
Comprehensive Assessment of Biventricular and Biatrial Myocardial Strain Parameters at 4 Years Postpartum in a Cohort of Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Sonaglioni Andrea , Casieri Federica , Nicolosi Gian Luigi , Bianchi Stefano , Lombardo Michele
Published: January 2025

Background: To date, myocardial strain parameters have been poorly investigated in women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (pGDM). No previous study provided a comprehensive evaluation of all biventricular and biatrial deformation indices in pGDM women. Accordingly, we aimed at investigating the structure and myocardial deformation properties of all cardiac chambers in a cohort of pGDM women, at 4 years post-partum.
Methods: A consecutive cohort of pGDM women was compared to a control group of healthy women with previous uncomplicated pregnancy, matched by age, ethnicity and gestational week, at 4 years postpartum. Both groups of women underwent a conventional transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) implemented with complete analysis of biventricular and biatrial myocardial deformation indices by speckle tracking echocar-diography (STE). The primary endpoint was subclinical myocardial dysfunction, defined as left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS) magnitude 27 Kg/m2 and third trimester glycosylated hemoglobin >33 mmol/mol showed the best sensitivity and specificity for predicting both endpoints. Conclusions: Pregnant women with previous history of GDM complicated by overweight/obesity and uncontrolled diabetes have a significantly in-creased risk of subclinical myocardial dysfunction and early carotid atherosclerosis at 4 years postpartum.
Efficacy and Tolerability of Treatment of Actinic Keratosis with Tirbanibulin 0.1% Ointment in People Living with HIV Infection
Authors: Ciccarese Giulia , Drago Francesco , Lospalluti Lucia , Grandolfo Mauro , Lo Caputo Sergio , Mastrolonardo Mario , Tirone Benedetta , Castronovi Cosimo , Bortone Riccardo , Cazzato Gerardo , Foti Caterina
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: People living with HIV (PLWH) are more susceptible than immunocompetent people to non-melanoma skin cancers. These tumors can arise de novo or from precancerous lesions, such as actinic keratosis (AKs). The AKs management in PLWH has not been widely discussed in the literature. More specifically, the efficacy of AKs treatment in PLWH with modern topical drugs, such as tirbanibulin, is limited. The present work aims to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of AKs treatment with tirbanibulin 1% ointment in PLWH. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of the PLWH who visited the Dermatology Department of the Policlinico Riuniti (Foggia, Italy) between September 2023 and September 2024. PLWH who received the diagnosis of AKs and underwent treatment with tirbanibulin 1% ointment were studied. To assess the severity of AKs, the number of AKs and the AKs area and severity index (AKASI) score were calculated at the time of diagnosis (T0) and after treatment (T1). Results: Ten PLWH were found to have AKs and received topical therapy with tirbanibulin 1% ointment. On average, al T0, the number of lesions was 8.2 and the AKASI score was 4.20; at T1, the number of AKs was 1.7 and the AKASI score was 1.5. Only two patients reported a mild inflammatory reaction to applying tirbanibulin 1% ointment. Conclusions: The rate of satisfactory responses was 80%, in line with a recent multicentric Italian study performed on immunocompetent patients. Our results confirm the efficiacy and tolerability of tirbanibulin 1% ointment in treating AKs also in PLWH.
Pituitary Spindle Cell Oncocytoma: More than a Grade 1 Tumor?
Authors: Hammond Jonathan , Gagne Zacharie , Mitrovic Bojana , Priola Stefano Maria
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Spindle cell oncocytomas (SCO) of the pituitary gland are rare tumors often misdiagnosed for nonfunctioning pituitary macroadenomas. Although classified as grade 1, they are often challenging in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Pituitary SCOs harbor peculiar features such as hypervascularity and stronger adherence to surrounding structures, with increased risk of hemorrhage, partial resection, and significantly higher recurrence rate. Almost 100 cases have been reported so far. The role of surgery is still crucial for decompression of the optic chiasm as well as for achieving diagnosis. However, given the higher tendency of recurrence, the role of postoperative radiotherapy has been investigated over the last few years. Case presentation: Here we report a case of a 48-year-old female with a pituitary SCO treated at our Institution focusing on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Conclusions: This type of tumor presents a challenge related to its higher vascularity and strong adherence to the surrounding structures. Adjuvant radiotherapy is something that should be considered, especially when gross total resection is not achieved and finally SCOs require diligent follow-up to monitor for any disease recurrence or progression.