bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2015 ve 2018 HAYAT BİLGİSİ ÖĞRETİM PROGRAM KAZANIMLARININ TAKSONOMİK İNCELENMESİ
Authors: YILDIRIM Gulsum
Published: March 2022

Bireyin kendini tanıması, topluma ve çevreye uyum sağlamasına yardımcı olan hayat bilgisi öğretim program kazanımlarının bilişsel, duyuşsal ve psikomotor alanlara göre dağılımını inceleyen bu araştırmada doküman taraması yöntemi kullanılmıştır. 2015 ve 2018 Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim Programları; bilişsel alanı “Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisi”, duyuşsal alan “Krathwohl, Bloom ve Masia Duyuşsal Alan Taksonomi” ve psikomotor alan ise “Simpson Psikomotor Alan Taksonomisi” çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; 2015 ve 2018 Hayat Bilgisi Öğretim Program kazanımlarının Yenilenmiş Bloom Taksonomisi’ne göre dağılımına göre kazanımların genel olarak hatırlama ve anlama basamağında olduğu, üst seviyelere doğru kazanım sayısı düştüğü ve en üst basamak olan “yaratma” basamağında kazanım bulunmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Krathwohl, Bloom ve Masia Duyuşsal Alan Taksonomisi’ne göre dağılım incelendiğinde 2015 programında sınıf düzeyleri arttıkça duyuşsal alana yönelik kazanımlarda artmaktadır. 2018 programında ise sınıf düzeyleri arasında duyuşsal alan kazanımlarının farklılık göstermediği görülmektedir. Simpson Psikomotor Alan Taksonomisi’ne göre dağılımı incelendiğinde sınıf seviyelerinin artması ile psikomotor alan dönük kazanım sayısı azalmaktadır.
CODE.ORG ÇEVRİMİÇİ KODLAMA PLATFORMU ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMININ DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ÇAVDAR Lokman , KILIÇER Kerem , EMMİOGLU Esma
Published: March 2022

Bu araştırmada, kodlama öğretimi çevrimiçi platformlarından biri olan Code.org’un Kurs 2 ünitesinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma kapsamında “Tyler’ın Hedefe Dayalı Değerlendirme Modeli” temel alınmıştır. Çalışmada betimsel ve deneysel yöntemlerden elde edilen nicel ve nitel veriler bir arada yorumlanmıştır. Veri toplama araçları olarak araştırmacı notları, başarı testi, gözlem formu, öğrenci görüş formu ve program değerlendirme anketi kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, Code.org platformu üzerinde sunulan istatistiklerden de yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada, platformun sunduğu öğretim programına sadık kalınarak ortaokul seviyesindeki 22 öğrenciyle toplam 22 saatlik uygulama gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre başarı testi ortalama puanlarında son test lehine istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde bir artışın olduğu ancak bu artışın kodlamada yüksek başarıyı sağlamada yeterli olmadığı görülmüştür. Çalışmaya katılan öğrencilerin Code.org uygulamalarına ilişkin olumlu görüş bildirdikleri, öğretmenlerin ise Code.org öğretim programını “orta derecede yeterli” olarak değerlendirdikleri görülmüştür. Bu bulgulara dayanarak Code.org Kurs 2 ünitesinin daha yeterli hale getirilmesi için revizyon yapılması ve kodlama öğretiminde kullanılması önerilmektedir.
Развитие современной журналистики в РФ и США: технологический, аудиторный, содержательный аспекты
Authors: Nevenc D. V.
Published: March 2022

Исследование строится на всестороннем изучении современного состояния и направлений развития российской и американской журналистики XXI века с позиции трех ключевых аспектов: технологического, аудиторного, содержательного. Именно подобное комплексное изучение является актуальным и своевременным, поскольку позволяет рассмотреть ключевые внутрисистемные трансформационные процессы на современном этапе и спрогнозировать дальнейшее развитие российской и американской журналистики. Будет полезна практикующим специалистам, теоретикам, преподавателям и студентам факультетов журналистики, а также широкому кругу читателей.
Gerçek ve Hayalin Sınırlarında İki Roman: “Küçük Prens ve Genç Prensin Dönüşü”
Authors: Sarıca Nurten
Published: March 2022

Fransız Edebiyatı'nın klasiklerinden Dünya Edebiyatı'na mal olmuş, başlangıçta çocuk kitabı gibi algılanmasına karşın yetişkinlerin bile anlamak için ciddi bir çaba harcaması gereken derin düşünsel iletilerle dolu, çevirileriyle sınırsız bir nitelik kazanan Küçük Prens romanı, yazarı Antoine de Saint-Exupéry'nin bile belki de hayal edemeyeceği boyutta bir etki alanına sahiptir. Kitabın içeriğine bakıldığında öykü ve öyküleme zamanlarının iç içeliği okurun gerçek ve hayalin; başka bir deyişle gerçek ve kurgunun sınırlarında sürekli bir gidiş geliş içerisinde olmasına neden olur. Kitap boyunca yazar/anlatıcı nedense yetişkinlere iletmek istediği bilgileri hep küçük bir çocuğun ağzından dile getirir. Son bölümde yazar anlatısını bir istekle sonlandırır. "Eğer günün birinde buradaki tarife uyan bir çocuk görürseniz bilin ki Küçük Prens geri dönmüş ve lütfen bana haber verin" der yazar. Sant-Exupéry'nin bu isteğine altmışaltı yıl sonra bir Arjantinli yazar Alejandro Guillermo Roemmers "Genç Prensin Dönüşü" adlı kitapla cevap verir. Kendi deyimiyle "insan ruhuna derin bir yolculuk" olan kitap biçimsel olarak ve içerik olarak Küçük Prens'e çok benzer. Birbirini takip eden anlatılarda yazar yol arkadaşının sorularına karşılık verirken aslında arkadaşının bunları bildiğini ve kendisinin verdiği cevaplara olan inancını tazelemeye çalıştığını anlar. Patagonya'nın ıssız yollarındaki yolculuk manevi gezintiye dönüşür. Yazar ve Genç Prensin sohbetleri modern zamanlarda yitirilen değerleri, özellikle sevginin gücünü insanoğluna yeniden hatırlatmak gibi bir işlevi yerine getirmeye yönelikmiş gibidir. Bu çalışmada her iki romanın oluşturduğu anlam evreni ve yüzey yapıdan hareketle derin yapı ortaya konmaya çalışılacaktır. Gérard Genette'in anlatı kuramı ve A. Julien Greimas'ın göstergebilimsel çözümleme modeli ışığında her iki yapıtın gerçek ve kurgunun sınırlarındaki gidiş gelişi incelenecektir.
Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyatta Amerikan Ekolü ve Acla Raporlarının Türk Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat Çalışmalarına Olası Katkıları
Authors: İpşirli Ahmet , Baktır Hasan
Published: March 2022

20. Yüzyılın ikinci yarısından sonra gelişim gösteren Amerikan Ekolünü Amerikan Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat Derneği (ACLA) raporları aracılığıyla takip etmek mümkündür. Tarihselci bir okumada ortaya çıkan tablo, Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat disiplininin seyrine dair bir fikir vermektedir. Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyatın Türkiye’deki seyri açısından bu tablonun incelenmesi yararlı olacaktır. Amerikan Karşılaştırmacılığının Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyatın dünyada gelişiminde özel bir yere sahiptir. Amerikan Ekolü Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyat pratiğinin nasıl olması gerektiğine dair kendi yöntemlerini geliştirmiştir ve daha da önemlisi bu gelişimi raporlamıştır. ACLA raporlarının ve Amerikan Karşılaştırmacılığının farklı kültürlerin nasıl karşılaştırmalı çalışmaya dahil edileceği ve disiplinlerarası bir yaklaşımı ne şekilde kullanacakları hakkında yapmış oldukları tartışmalar ve de bu tartışmaların düzenli bir biçimde yayımlanması Amerikan geleneğinin büyük bir artısı olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Disiplinin tanımlanmasında yaşanılan zorluklar, kurumsal yapılanma ve diğer disiplinlerle ilişkiler ve de gelişmekte olan yeni yönelişlere sunabileceği tecrübesi bakımından ACLA tartışmaları Türkiye’de disiplinin gelişimine fayda sağlayacaktır. Netice itibariyle Türk Karşılaştırmalı Edebiyatı kurumsal olarak benzer tartışmaları tecrübe etmektedir ve çokkültürlülük ve kimlik gibi kavramlarla geçmiş ve şimdiki zamanda yüzleşmektedir.
X-Ray Coronal Properties of Swift/BAT-selected Seyfert 1 Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Kamraj Nikita , Brightman Murray , Harrison Fiona A. , Stern Daniel , García Javier A. , Baloković Mislav , Ricci Claudio , Koss Michael J. , Mejía-Restrepo Julian E. , Oh Kyuseok , Powell Meredith C. , Urry C. Megan
Published: March 2022

The corona is an integral component of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) which produces the bulk of the X-ray emission above 1–2 keV. However, many of its physical properties and the mechanisms powering this emission remain a mystery. In particular, the temperature of the coronal plasma has been difficult to constrain for large samples of AGNs, as constraints require high-quality broadband X-ray spectral coverage extending above 10 keV in order to measure the high-energy cutoff, which provides constraints on the combination of coronal optical depth and temperature. We present constraints on the coronal temperature for a large sample of Seyfert 1 AGNs selected from the Swift/BAT survey using high-quality hard X-ray data from the NuSTAR observatory combined with simultaneous soft X-ray data from Swift/XRT or XMM-Newton. When applying a physically motivated, nonrelativistic disk-reflection model to the X-ray spectra, we find a mean coronal temperature kT

e
= 84 ± 9 keV. We find no significant correlation between the coronal cutoff energy and accretion parameters such as the Eddington ratio and black hole mass. We also do not find a statistically significant correlation between the X-ray photon index, Γ, and Eddington ratio. This calls into question the use of such relations to infer properties of supermassive black hole systems.
Messenger Monte Carlo MAPPINGS V (M3)—A Self-consistent, Three-dimensional Photoionization Code
Authors: Jin 金 Yifei 刈非 , Kewley Lisa J. , Sutherland Ralph
Published: March 2022

The Messenger Interface Monte Carlo Mappings V (M3) is a photoionization code adopting the fully self-consistent Monte Carlo radiative transfer (MCRT) technique, which presents a major advance over previous photoionization models with simple geometries. M3 is designed for modeling nebulae in arbitrary three-dimensional geometries. In this paper, we describe the MCRT technique and the microphysics implemented in M3, including photoionization, collisional ionization, free–free and free–bound recombination, and two-photon radiation. We put M3 through the Lexington/Meudon benchmarks to test the reliability of the new code. We apply M3 to three H ii region models with fiducial geometries, demonstrating that M3 is capable of dealing with nebulae with complex geometries. M3 is a promising tool for understanding emission-line behavior in the era of SDSS-V/LVM and James Webb Space Telescope, which will provide high-quality data of spatially resolved nearby H ii regions and highly turbulent local and high-redshift H ii regions.
Anomalous Flux in the Cosmic Optical Background Detected with New Horizons Observations
Authors: Lauer Tod R. , Postman Marc , Spencer John R. , Weaver Harold A. , Stern S. Alan , Gladstone G. Randall , Binzel Richard P. , Britt Daniel T. , Buie Marc W. , Buratti Bonnie J. , Cheng Andrew F. , Grundy W. M. , Horányi Mihaly , Kavelaars J. J. , Linscott Ivan R. , Lisse Carey M. , McKinnon William B. , McNutt Ralph L. , Moore Jeffrey M. , Núñez J. I. , Olkin Catherine B. , Parker Joel W. , Porter Simon B. , Reuter Dennis C. , Robbins Stuart J. , Schenk Paul M. , Showalter Mark R. , Singer Kelsi N. , Verbiscer Anne. J. , Young Leslie A.
Published: March 2022

We used New Horizons LORRI images to measure the optical-band (0.4 ≲ λ ≲ 0.9μm) sky brightness within a high-galactic-latitude field selected to have reduced diffuse scattered light from the Milky Way galaxy (DGL), as inferred from the IRIS all-sky 100 μm map. We also selected the field to significantly reduce the scattered light from bright stars (SSL) outside the LORRI field. Suppression of DGL and SSL reduced the large uncertainties in the background flux levels present in our earlier New Horizons cosmic optical background (COB) results. The raw total sky level, measured when New Horizons was 51.3 au from the Sun, is 24.22 ± 0.80 nW m−2 sr−1. Isolating the COB contribution to the raw total required subtracting scattered light from bright stars and galaxies, faint stars below the photometric detection limit within the field, and the hydrogen plus ionized-helium two-photon continua. This yielded a highly significant detection of the COB at 16.37 ± 1.47 nW m−2 sr−1 at the LORRI pivot wavelength of 0.608 μm. This result is in strong tension with the hypothesis that the COB only comprises the integrated light of external galaxies (IGL) presently known from deep HST counts. Subtraction of the estimated IGL flux from the total COB level leaves a flux component of unknown origin at 8.06 ± 1.92 nW m−2 sr−1. Its amplitude is equal to the IGL.
Resistive and propulsive forces in wheelchair racing: a brief review
Authors: Silveira Ricardo , Marinho Daniel A. , Santos Catarina C. , Barbosa Tiago M. , Coelho Eduarda , Morais Jorge , Forte Pedro
Published: March 2022

Wheelchair racing is one of the most important sports in the Paralympics. The detailed analysis of all parameters is of great importance to achieve sporting excellence in this modality. In wheelchair racing, resistive and propulsive forces determine the movement of the athlete-wheelchair system. Most of propulsive forces are generated by the strength of individuals. As a result, strength levels play an important role in propelling the athlete-wheelchair system. Thus, the main objective of this study is to provide a set of methodologies to assess propulsive and resistive forces. The manuscript presents different methods and procedures, based on previous studies, that can be used for wheelchair racing athletes. Resistive forces in wheelchair racing can be evaluated by analytical procedures, experimental tests, and numerical simulations. Moreover, the strength of athletes' upper limbs to generate propulsion in wheelchair races can be assessed by dynamometry, one-repetition maximum, and medicine ball throw test. It may be that the tests presented may be useful to predict the strength and endurance of athletes' upper limbs. However, this competitive sport still presents a considerable gap in the Paralympics research. Currently, in Paralympic sport, evidence-based methodologies are lacking, making it an issue for athletes, coaches and researchers to support their work on scientific evidences.
The ocean and the atmosphere: An applied mathematician's view
Authors: Johnson R. S.
Published: March 2022

In this survey article, we provide a mathematical description of oceanic and atmospheric flows, based on the incompressible Navier–Stokes equation (for the ocean), and the compressible version with an equation of state and the first law of thermodynamics for the atmosphere. We show that, in both cases, the only fundamental assumption that we need to make is that of a thin shell on a (nearly) spherical Earth, so that the main elements of spherical geometry are included, with all other attributes of the fluid motion retained at leading order. (The small geometrical correction that is needed to represent the Earth's geoid as an oblate spheroid is briefly described.) We argue that this is the only reliable theoretical approach to these types of fluid problem. A generic formulation is presented for the ocean, and for the steady and unsteady atmosphere, these latter two differing slightly in the details. Based on these governing equations, a number of examples are presented (in outline only), some of which provide new insights into familiar flows. The examples include the Ekman flow and large gyres in the ocean; and in the atmosphere: Ekman flow, geostrophic balance, Brunt–Väisälä frequency, Hadley–Ferrel–polar cells, harmonic waves, equatorially trapped waves.
Two-sided estimates of total bandwidth for Schrödinger operators on periodic graphs
Authors: Korotyaev Evgeny , Saburova Natalia
Published: March 2022

We consider Schrödinger operators with periodic potentials on periodic discrete graphs. Their spectrum consists of a finite number of bands. We obtain two-sided estimates of the total bandwidth for the Schrödinger operators in terms of geometric parameters of the graph and the potentials. In particular, we show that these estimates are sharp. It means that these estimates become identities for specific graphs and potentials. The proof is based on the Floquet theory and trace formulas for fiber operators. The traces are expressed as finite Fourier series of the quasimomentum with coefficients depending on the potentials and cycles of the quotient graph from some specific cycle sets. In order to obtain our results we estimate these Fourier coefficients in terms of geometric parameters of the graph and the potentials.
Hölder-Logarithmic type approximation for nonlinear backward parabolic equations connected with a pseudo-differential operator
Authors: Hai Dinh Nguyen Duy
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we deal with the backward problem for nonlinear parabolic equations involving a pseudo-differential operator in the \begin{document}$ n $\end{document}-dimensional space. We prove that the problem is ill-posed in the sense of Hadamard, i.e., the solution, if it exists, does not depend continuously on the data. To regularize the problem, we propose two modified versions of the so-called optimal filtering method of Seidman [T.I. Seidman, Optimal filtering for the backward heat equation, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 33 (1996), 162–170]. According to different a priori assumptions on the regularity of the exact solution, we obtain some sharp optimal estimates of the Hölder-Logarithmic type in the Sobolev space \begin{document}$ H^q(\mathbb{R}^n) $\end{document}.
Formation of singularities of solutions to the Cauchy problem for semilinear Moore-Gibson-Thompson equations
Authors: Ming Sen , Yang Han , Fan Xiongmei
Published: March 2022

This paper is devoted to investigating formation of singularities for solutions to semilinear Moore-Gibson-Thompson equations with power type nonlinearity \begin{document}$ |u|^{p} $\end{document}, derivative type nonlinearity \begin{document}$ |u_{t}|^{p} $\end{document} and combined type nonlinearities \begin{document}$ |u_{t}|^{p}+|u|^{q} $\end{document} in the case of single equation, combined type nonlinearities \begin{document}$ |v_{t}|^{p_{1}}+|v|^{q_{1}} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ |u_{t}|^{p_{2}}+|u|^{q_{2}} $\end{document}, combined and power type nonlinearities \begin{document}$ |v_{t}|^{p_{1}}+|v|^{q_{1}} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ |u|^{q_{2}} $\end{document}, combined and derivative type nonlinearities \begin{document}$ |v_{t}|^{p_{1}}+|v|^{q_{1}} $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ |u_{t}|^{p_{2}} $\end{document} in the case of coupled system, respectively. More precisely, blow-up results of solutions to problems in the sub-critical and critical cases are derived by applying test function technique. Moreover, upper bound lifespan estimates of solutions to the coupled systems are investigated. The main new contribution is that lifespan estimates of solutions are associated with the well-known Strauss exponent and Glassey exponent.
Chaotic motion and control of the driven-damped Double Sine-Gordon equation
Authors: Zheng Hang , Xia Yonghui , Pinto Manuel
Published: March 2022

In this paper, the chaotic motion of the driven and damped double Sine-Gordon equation is analyzed. We detect the homoclinic and heteroclinic chaos by Melnikov method. The corresponding Melnikov functions are derived. A numerical method to estimate the Melnikov integral is given and its effectiveness is illustrated through an example. Numerical simulations of homoclinic and heteroclinic chaos are precisely demonstrated through several examples. Further, we employ a state feedback control method to suppress both chaos simultaneously. Finally, numerical simulations are utilized to prove the validity of control methods.
$ C^1 $-VEM for some variants of the Cahn-Hilliard equation: A numerical exploration
Authors: Antonietti Paola F. , Scacchi Simone , Vacca Giuseppe , Verani Marco
Published: March 2022

We consider the \begin{document}$ C^1 $\end{document}-Virtual Element Method (VEM) for the conforming numerical approximation of some variants of the Cahn-Hilliard equation on polygonal meshes. In particular, we focus on the discretization of the advective Cahn-Hilliard problem and the Cahn-Hilliard inpainting problem. We present the numerical approximation and several numerical results to assess the efficacy of the proposed methodology.

 

Correction: Bari is added after the zip code 70125 in third author’s address. We apologize for any inconvenience this may cause.
Uncertainty quantification in hierarchical vehicular flow models
Authors: Herty Michael , Iacomini Elisa
Published: March 2022

We consider kinetic vehicular traffic flow models of BGK type [24]. Considering different spatial and temporal scales, those models allow to derive a hierarchy of traffic models including a hydrodynamic description. In this paper, the kinetic BGK–model is extended by introducing a parametric stochastic variable to describe possible uncertainty in traffic. The interplay of uncertainty with the given model hierarchy is studied in detail. Theoretical results on consistent formulations of the stochastic differential equations on the hydrodynamic level are given. The effect of the possibly negative diffusion in the stochastic hydrodynamic model is studied and numerical simulations of uncertain traffic situations are presented.
Vision et philosophia dans le Timée de Platon
Authors: Renaut Olivier
Published: March 2022

La description de la vision intervient dans le Timée en 45b-47b, suivant une double perspective caractéristique de ce dialogue : le physicien Timée donne d’une part une explication mécanique de la vue qui met en jeu deux flux lumineux, celui de l’œil et du corps se trouvant dans le champ de la vision, et d’autre part une explication fonctionnaliste ou téléologique faisant de la vision la source des sciences de l’astronomie, des mathématiques, et même de la philosophie. Dans ce passage du Timée, la vision est une puissance qui nous informe sur la façon dont une affection, produisant une sensation, pourrait donner lieu à une connaissance. Cet article envisage d’abord les principales articulations du passage 45b-47b du Timée, avant d’examiner les enjeux d’interprétations concurrentes sur le rôle de la vision dans la constitution de la pensée dans ce passage précis : il maintient que, dans le cadre d’un dualisme constitutif entre sensible et intelligible, qui implique un saut épistémologique, la vision est un instrument servant de médiation vers l’intelligible.
L’acte de voir dans la « pensée aveugle » leibnizienne
Authors: Schwartz Claire
Published: March 2022

Leibniz emploie dans divers textes l’adjectif aveugle pour caractériser une forme de pensée ou de connaissance. Il est parfois associé à l’adjectif symbolique : le célèbre texte de 1684, « Meditationes de cognitione, veritate et ideis », introduit ainsi la cogitatio caeca vel symbolica comme un des types de connaissance dont le texte entreprend d’établir méthodiquement la classification. C’est généralement la nature symbolique de cette connaissance qui a retenu l’attention et a été perçue comme un élément déterminant de compréhension de la théorie leibnizienne de la connaissance reposant sur la médiation de signes soumis à des règles de composition. À l’arrière-plan se dessinent alors les divers projets leibniziens de caractéristique universelle. C’est dans ce cadre que l’on analyse dès lors la distinction leibnizienne opérée entre la connaissance aveugle ou symbolique, intrinsèquement médiate, et la connaissance intuitive, relevant d’une forme de vision immédiate de ses objets. Mais comment interpréter exactement le rapport à l’acte de vision ? N’est-il pas encore requis dans la conception leibnizienne de la connaissance par signes ? Autrement dit, cette dernière peut-elle se déployer sans l’acte effectif de voir ? Si tel est le cas, il semble qu’il faille réinterroger sa nature « aveugle », ce qui peut nous éclairer sur les conditions véritables de son effectuation, et, ipso facto, sur certaines propriétés cognitives attribuées à la vue.
L’expérience visuelle est-elle une relation ou une représentation ? Le relationnisme et l’intentionnalisme à l’épreuve des sciences cognitives
Authors: Dokic Jérôme
Published: March 2022

La conception naïve de l’expérience visuelle dépeint celle-ci comme une relation directe, primitive, entre le sujet voyant et l’objet vu. Elle repose sur une opposition entre la relation visuelle et la représentation mentale de l’objet vu dans l’imagination visuelle ou la vision des images. Le but de cet article est de suggérer que l’opposition naïve entre relation et représentation présente un intérêt philosophique et scientifique parfois sous-estimé. Deux théories philosophiques de la perception sont présentées : le relationnisme reprend l’esprit de la conception naïve en analysant l’expérience visuelle comme une relation non représentationnelle à l’objet vu, alors que l’intentionnalisme rejette la conception naïve comme inadéquate et considère que l’expérience visuelle est représentationnelle de part en part. Après avoir introduit une notion générale de « représentation » acceptable par les deux parties, nous examinons un ensemble de travaux issus des sciences cognitives et susceptibles d’arbitrer le débat entre relationnisme et intentionnalisme. La thèse principale défendue est que le relationnisme est compatible avec les données scientifiques à notre disposition sur les processus cognitifs liés à la vision. Le relationnisme présente également un avantage philosophique puisqu’il permet de comprendre comment les représentations mentales, y compris visuelles, peuvent être fondées sur un rapport cognitif plus direct, c’est-à-dire intrinsèquement relationnel, au monde visible.
Les machines y voient-elles quelque chose ?
Authors: Bonnay Denis
Published: March 2022

La vision par ordinateur est un des domaines de l’intelligence artificielle qui connaît les succès les plus fulgurants. Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les machines n’ont cessé de progresser dans leur capacité à extraire des informations à partir d’images et à identifier des objets. Mais faut-il en conclure que ces machines sont littéralement des machines voyantes, ou ne s’agit-il que d’une façon imagée de décrire des capacités de détection ? Le présent article se propose de fournir les bases d’une réponse raisonnée à cette question. Nous examinons successivement trois types de conditions d’attribution de la vision, et soutenons que le critère fonctionnaliste, en termes de représentations internes de stimuli visuels exploitables à diverses fins, doit être préféré aux critères behavioriste ou phénoménologique. Ce critère fonctionnaliste est ensuite appliqué à une des technologies les plus utilisées dans le domaine de la vision par ordinateur, celle des réseaux de neurones et plus particulièrement des réseaux convolutifs. Nous soutenons alors que de tels réseaux sont bien capables de voir, précisément dans la mesure où ils sont entraînés pour produire des représentations à partir de données visuelles. Ces représentations ont des traits spécifiques associés à un entraînement réussi : elles sont hiérarchiques, versatiles et robustes. De telles propriétés ont un intérêt théorique au-delà de leur domaine d’origine : nous suggérons pour finir qu’elles pourraient être utilisées pour spécifier la nature de la fonction de représentation et résoudre certains des problèmes classiques auxquels font face les théories téléosémantiques de la représentation comme celle de Dretske.
Adam et Ève faisaient-ils l’amour au paradis ? Notule sur Les aveux de la chair de Michel Foucault
Authors: Cseke Ákos
Published: March 2022

Dans la dernière partie des Aveux de la chair, Michel Foucault offre une analyse minutieuse de la théorie de la libido en tant que « stigmate de l’involontaire dans l’acte sexuel d’après la faute » selon saint Augustin ; le thème est intimement lié à l’exégèse patristique et augustinienne du livre de la Genèse 1:28 (« Croissez et multipliez »), plus spécialement à la question de l’existence possible des rapports sexuels au paradis. Le présent article se propose d’étudier à la fois les textes concernés de saint Augustin, l’analyse qu’en offre Foucault et les interprétations philosophiques et théologiques ultérieures de la pensée de l’évêque d’Hippone et du philosophe français. Augustin (et Foucault lecteur de saint Augustin) a-t-il déclaré que nos aïeux faisaient l’amour au paradis ? La théologie augustinienne du mariage et de la sexualité est-elle, comme le dit le dernier Foucault, le fondement de « la morale de l’Occident chrétien » ? Au demeurant, peut-on parler de la théologie augustinienne ou encore du christianisme comme « fondement », tout en respectant la méthode « généalogique », telle que Foucault l’a développée ?
Endoscopy Assisted Transoral Approach (EATA) of a parapharyngeal tumour – Acosmetically acceptable approach
Authors: Drahaman A. M. P. , Lakshan M. T. D.
Published: March 2022

When considering tumours of the parapharyngeal space,surgeons are presented with a difficult decision regarding the surgical approach balancing cosmetically acceptable outcome with clear resection margins. With careful patient selection and preoperative evaluation, it is possible to obtain both of the desired outcomes through an endoscopic assisted transoral approach (EATA). This approach does not require any new and expensive equipment and utilises existing ENT infrastructure decreasing operating cost and patient morbidity and is reproducible with an acceptable learning curve.
Case overview: An 83-year-old gentleman with multiple comorbidities presents with a left-sided parapharyngeal space tumour with progressive enlargement over the past eight months. This tumour was excised using a two-man endoscopic assisted transoral approach (EATA) and the subsequent cavity was also repaired trans-orally. The post-operative stay was uneventful and the patient was discharged in 2 days. Histology revealed the mass to be a non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma for which the patient is currently undergoing treatment.
Conclusion: Current literature advocates the use of endoscopic assisted transoral approach (EATA) for excision of carefully selected patients presenting with parapharyngeal masses. This approach should be considered whenever possible given the alternative approaches which have significant cosmetic penalties.
A retrospective descriptive study on usage of Aerovac- an aerosol evacuating chamber for aerosol generating medical and surgical procedures
Authors: Domingoarachi D. , Dhanapala B. A. N. , Wijesurendra W. A. B. U. , Rupasinghe R. T. , Udayani L. A. D. , Thelikorala S. , Rathnayake S. S. , Undugodage U. C. M.
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Many respiratory borne infections are transmitted to health care workers during aerosol generating procedures. A safe mechanism to conduct such procedures is important.
Objective: To design a safe aerosol evacuation chamber to perform multiple aerosol generating procedures and to assess the practical use of it.
Methodology: We designed an aerosol evacuation chamber with an exhaust mechanism, a novel cost-effective multi-purpose chamber, which can be used to perform a number of aerosol generating procedures of the airways, upper gastrointestinal tract and the head and neck region, without exposing health care staff to aerosols.  Exhaust from the chamber is filtered by a HEPA filter and is treated with UVG irradiation to destroy microorganisms prior to the release of air into the environment. Records of various ENT procedures performed using the Aerovac chamber was over a period of one year were retrospectively evaluated.
Results: Total of 498 procedures had been carried out. Nasal endoscopy had been the most frequently carried out procedure. Most procedures were done under local anesthesia. There were no adverse events to patients or to health care workers reported.
Conclusion: Aerovac chamber can be used to safely conduct multiple aerosol generating procedures.
A Comparative Analysis of Cephalometric data and Drug induced sleep endoscopy in OSA patients – a Sri Lankan perspective
Authors: Perera M. B. , Jayasuriya C. , Pallewatta A.
Published: March 2022

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a growing problem, where the diagnosis and management are rapidly evolving. The investigative tools and limited resources in developing countries pose an extra challenge in optimally treating patients with OSA.Polysomnography and drug induced sleep endoscopy are important diagnostic parameters. Cephalometric parameters are an emerging tool in the diagnostic workup, where no data is available in Sri Lankan population where surgery features as a popular treatment option.
Objectives: To identify a correlation between DISE, AHI and cephalometric parameters in a Sri Lankan population and identify common levels of obstruction in the upper airway , which influence treatment outcomes.
Results: CircumferentialVelopharyngeal and oropharyngeal obstruction aremore prevalent levels of obstruction. Statistically significant correlation between oropharyngeal collapse with SNB angle and epiglottic collapse with SNB angle and MP-H distance were seen. No correlation between DISE findings and SNA angles.
No significant correlation between cephalometry and AHI. Post op symptomatic relief based on ESS and VAS score is statistically significant.
Conclusion: Cephalometric findings are complimentary to DISE and AHI findings, but not superior in our population. Extremes from the standard deviations of cephalometric data should be treated with caution when selecting treatment options.
Recurrent rare nasal tumour excised via external rhinoplasty approach
Authors: Widanage W. H. U. P.
Published: March 2022

A 23-year-old girl presented to the outpatient clinic complaining of a painless slow growing lump on her nose for several months. She had a similar lump there which was operated one year ago. There was a well-defined, firm lump over the lateral nasal wall.Ultrasound scan confirm it’s a subcutaneous lump without deep extension. Excision was done via open rhinoplasty approachand the histology report came as a giant cell tumour of soft tissue.
Linking Customer Motivations to Customer Engagement in Fashion Facebook Brand Pages
Authors: Ranaweera Hasini Virajini , De Silva Thanuka Mahesha
Published: March 2022

This study aims to analyse the effects of customer motivations, namely information motive, entertainment motive, and social interaction motive on different dimensions of customer engagement (cognition, affection, and activation) in the context of Fashion Facebook Brand Pages (FFBPs). The data were collected from a convenience sample of 258 undergraduates in Sri Lanka using a printed and an online questionnaire and they were analysed using SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 21.0. The data analysis revealed that information motive had effects on cognition and affection whilst no effect on activation. In terms of influence of entertainment motive on customer engagement, the study found that entertainment was positively related to cognition and activation. However, there was no effect from entertainment motive to affection in the realm of FFBPs. Interestingly, the results highlighted that the social interaction motive was positively related to all three dimensions of customer engagement. The novelty of this paper is that, according to Uses & Gratifications (U&G) theory, the study develops a conceptual model integrating customer motivations and different components of customer engagement in the context of FFBPs.
Road Map for Green Supply Chain Management Practices and Methodological Trends: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Surangi H.A.K.N.S. , Divakara Sanath , Amaratunge S.
Published: March 2022

This paper reviews the literature on green supply chain management practices over ten years from 2011-2021. The review criteria were based on ROSES's publication standard (RepOrting standards for Systematic Evidence Syntheses). Articles for the study were selected using two leading databases Scopus and Web of Science. After screening the titles, abstracts, and full texts of the retrieved results, three researchers independently evaluated the relevancy of the articles and chose only 35 out of 150 suitable studies which met the standards and were relevant. The review was conducted in two stages. Firstly, citation analysis was done to review the research papers in order to recognize the key areas of the green supply chain management currently being focused on and examined by the research community. The findings based on the thematic analysis fell into these main themes, which are: green procurement, green manufacturing, green distribution, reverse logistics, management commitment and organizational performance. This paper concluded that there is a huge gap in the literature related to methodological choices as quantitative studies are dominant and developed a green supply chain management (GSCM) model.
Pilot study assessing the effect of Fascial Manipulation on fascial densifications and associated pain
Authors: Hughes Emmett , Koenig Jessica , Lee Robert , McDermott Kena , Freilicher Tina , Pitcher Mark
Published: March 2022

We assessed effectiveness of Fascial Manipulation (FM) in reducing densification thickness and associated acute pain in normal humans. Fascial densifications were identified using palpation and measured with diagnostic ultrasound within self-reported painful somatic regions. Pain intensity ratings were obtained in response to deep palpation of the self-reported painful somatic region before and after a brief FM intervention. Brief FM resulted in reduced densification thickness as well pain intensity. Sex differences were found neither in densification thickness nor pain intensity at any time point. However, a statistically significant positive correlation between densification thickness and pain intensity was observed in females but not males at both pre-FM and post-FM time points. As such, FM may be an effective therapeutic approach for acute pain associated with fascial densifications. While males and females exhibited comparable densification thickness and pain intensity levels at both pre-FM and post-FM time points, only females showed a statistically significant relationship between pain and densification, suggesting that females may be better able to perceive subtle differences in the magnitude of noxious sensory input.
Progress in clinical application of artificial intelligence in orthopedics
Authors: Wang Yiwei , Li Ruiqi , Zheng Pengfei
Published: March 2022

Ever since the concept of artificial intelligence (AI) has been suggested, it has undergone years of research and development. Under the current condition of rapid development of information and data technology, AI has shown significant effective value and application capability in multiple fields, especially in medical treatment. AI has become essential for routine medical treatment. This review summarizes the current clinical application of AI in orthopedics, in reference to the basic principle of AI, AI supported in clinical diagnosis, AI supported in clinical decision-making, AI supported clinical surgery, and the combination of AI and telemedicine. At the same time, this review also specifies the advantages, disadvantages, and capability of AI in the current clinical application, to provide some understanding for further research of AI.
Successful Treatment of Refractory Chronic Bullous Disease of Childhood with Rituximab
Authors: Mitra Debdeep , Bhatnagar Anuj , Singh Gautam K. , Sandhu Sunmeet
Published: March 2022

Chronic bullous disease of childhood is a rare subepidermal bullous disease with a hallmark of linear IgA deposition along basement membrane zone seen on direct immunofluorescence. We report a case of a 2-year-old male child, who had recurrent and multiple bullous eruptions over body and he was not responding to conventional therapy. He had earlier developed a drug reaction to dapsone which is considered the drug of choice for this condition. We report successful management of this case with injection rituximab which is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against CD20, which is primarily found on the surface of B cells.
“Pseudotumors” in Dermatology
Authors: Gaurav Vishal , Grover Chander
Published: March 2022

In dermatology, “pseudo” is often used as a prefix for entities resembling another standard condition, either morphologically or histopathologically. Correspondingly, “pseudotumor” is a term encompassing dermatological conditions which are not true proliferations, but either have a clinical resemblance to a known tumor (e.g., Pseudokaposi's sarcoma is actually a non-neoplastic condition) or a histopathological resemblance to one (e.g., pseudo-myogenic hemangioendothelioma named due to a histopathological resemblance between myocytes and tumor cells). Often such a nomenclature can create confusion and unnecessary alarm for both the physicians and the patients. Through this article we attempt to summarise “pseudotumors” in dermatology and classify them into clinical and histopathological “pseudotumors”, so as to produce a ready reckoner for this confusing nomenclature.
Bowen's Disease
Authors: Palaniappan Vijayasankar , Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal
Published: March 2022

Bowen's disease (BD) is an in-situ squamous cell carcinoma of epidermis. The etiology of BD is multifactorial with high incidence among Caucasians. BD is common in photo-exposed areas of skin, but other sites can also be involved. Lesions are usually solitary. The morphology of BD differs based on age of the lesion, site of origin, and the degree of keratinization. BD is considered as the “lull before the storm,” which precedes an overt squamous cell carcinoma. Histopathology is the gold standard diagnostic modality to confirm the diagnosis. Immunohistochemistry, dermoscopy, and reflectance confocal microscopy are the adjuvant modalities used in the diagnosis of BD. The treatment depends on various factors like site, size, immune status, patient's age, esthetic outcome, etc. The available therapeutic modalities include topical chemotherapy, surgical modalities, light-based modalities, and destructive therapies. It requires a combined effort of dermatologist, oncosurgeon, and plastic surgeon to plan and execute the management in various presentations of BD.
Relevance of Inflammatory Cytokine mRNA Expression of Tumour Necrosis Factor- Alpha (TNF α), Interleukin 17A (IL 17A) and Interleukin 6 (IL 6) in Indian Patients with Psoriasis
Authors: Shah Saiqa R. , Shaikh Sadiya B. , Bhandary Yashodhar P. , Yassir Shaheena , Shenoy Manjunath M.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Psoriasis, a chronic, immune-mediated skin disorder, has systemic manifestations as well as an ample negative impact on the quality of life (QOL) of the patient. An abnormal proliferation of keratinocyte and dermal infiltration by immune cells is a characteristic feature. It involves components of both innate and adaptive immunity, and the interaction of T cells with macrophages. Keratinocytes and dendritic cells are mediated by the secreted cytokines. This study was taken up to look into changes at the molecular level that occur during the expression of three cytokines namely tumour necrosis factor–alpha (TNFα), interleukin 17A (IL-17A) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in Indian patients with psoriasis.

Methods:

A case-control study was conducted with samples from 15 psoriasis vulgaris patients and 10 healthy control subjects. Clinical parameters were recorded. Blood samples were analysed for peripheral blood messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression of TNFα, IL-17A and IL-6 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results:

The mRNA expression of TNFα, IL-17A and IL-6 in psoriasis patients were increased as compared to that in normal subjects.

Conclusions:

The elevated levels of Interleukins indicates a systemic inflammatory process that is akin to the cutaneous inflammation. This study indicates that the targeted therapies against these cytokines are likely to be beneficial in Indian psoriasis patients.
Nailfold Capillaroscopic Changes as a Marker of Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Rudra Olympia , Baisya Subhasmita , Mallick Subhadeep , Chatterjee Gobinda
Published: March 2022

Background:

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective tissue disorder causing microvascular abnormality leading to Raynaud's phenomenon, skin tightening, and nailfold capillary changes. The patient may have systemic involvement, among them interstitial lung disease (ILD) and pulmonary arterial hypertension are mainly associated with disease-related mortality.

Aims:

To find out an association between nailfold capillaroscopic changes with ILD severity.

Materials and Methods:

An institution based cross-sectional study was performed among the patients of SSc above 18 years. Detailed history was taken. Clinical examinations, nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) with a dermatoscope and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan of thorax were done. Data were analyzed in MedCalc statistical software version 20.

Results:

Out of total 43 patients, 74.4% (n = 32) were female. Mean age was 35.05 ± 7.24 years and mean duration 4.28 ± 2.81 years. Diffuse SSc was found in 88.37% (n = 38). On NFC, early, active, and late patterns were found in 30.2% (n = 13), 25.6% (n = 11), and 44.2% (n = 19) cases, respectively. On HRCT, early, active, and late ILD were present in 18.6% (n = 8), 37.2% (n = 16), and 30.2% (n = 13) cases, respectively. ILD changes were absent in 14% (n = 6) though NFC changes were present in them. Respiratory symptoms were absent in 20.93% (n = 9) patients though all had features of early NFC and among them 9.3% (n = 4) showed early ILD changes on HRCT. Significant associations were found between NFC changes and ILD severity (P = 0.0003), NFC changes and respiratory symptoms (P < 0.0001) and between ILD changes and respiratory symptoms (P < 0.0001).

Discussion:

NFC, an inexpensive procedure, can be performed in all patients of SSc to detect development of early ILD even before appearance of respiratory symptoms to prevent further progression.
The Prevalence of Cholelithiasis and Variations in Gallbladder Volume among Sickle Cell Anemia Patients Seen in a Nigerian Tertiary Health Care Institution
Authors: Ighodaro Osaigbovo Emmanuel
Published: March 2022

Background:

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive blood disorder characterized by multiple-organ involvement including the gallbladder. Subjects with SCD are prone to developing pigment gallstones due to chronic red blood cell hemolysis, increased bilirubin levels, cholecystitis, and biliary sludge. Ultrasonography is a noninvasive, readily available, and permits a fast evaluation of the gallbladder. It is useful in establishing the various patterns of gallbladder disease and volume abnormalities.

Objectives:

The objectives of this study were to sonographically evaluate cholelithiasis and gallbladder volume in patients with SCD and correlate the findings with age and gender. A comparison of the above parameters in sickle cell patients was also made with apparently healthy controls.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective study of 150 patients with SCD and an equal number of apparently healthy control subjects in Benin City. Each subject was sonographically evaluated for possible gallbladder stones and its volume using a 3–5 MHz curvilinear array transducer with a SonoaceX4 ultrasound machine (Medison, Seoul, South Korea).

Result:

The prevalence of cholelithiasis among subjects with SCD in this study was 10%. Patients with SCD had a significantly higher mean gallbladder volume (34.50 ± 20.43 cm3) compared with apparently healthy control subjects (20.39 ± 10.71 cm3; P = 0.000).

Conclusion:

The prevalence of cholelithiasis in SCD was shown to increase with age. There was a positive linear correlation between the incidence of cholelithiasis and gallbladder volume with age of the patient.