bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maqashid’s Lens on Checks and Balances of Simultaneous Elections In Indonesia
Authors: Muhaimin Muhaimin , Munir Sirajul , Rofiqah Zahratur
Published: February 2024

This study aimed to explore the principle of checks and balances using the results of simultaneous elections from the perspective of Maqashid al-Syariah. This study is legal research with a normative, comparative, and conceptual approach. According to the findings of this study, the scope of maqashid al-sharia has been considered in the control of state life (maqashid al-siyasah) as part of the development of current maqashid studies. In implementing checks and balances, the nation's interests (hifdz al-ummah) are the main objective of consolidating executive and legislative institutions after simultaneous elections. A government will function effectively if the elected president receives support from a broad coalition in parliament; if he receives just minority support in parliament, the government will face political challenges and become unstable. As a result, institutional ties must be strengthened to offer checks and balances based on maqashid siyasi. This study adds to the implementation of checks and balances based on performance and the interests of the people, rather than political sentiment, to develop friendly governance following the simultaneous elections.
INTERRELIGIOUS HARMONIZATION (ANALYTIC STUDY OF KALICINTA VILLAGE, KOTABUMI, LAMPUNG)
Authors: Susanto Roni , Rohmah Wahidatur , Hidayanti Sanita Nur , Sugiyar Sugiyar
Published: February 2024

This research is motivated by the harmonization of inter-religious communities in Lampung province. The harmonization of religious communities is evidenced by the Islamic community's cultural activities involving Christians. This phenomenon is in the village of Kalicinta, Kotabumi district, Lampung province. This research discusses the analysis of the harmonization of religious communities in Kalicinta Village, Kotabumi, and Lampung. The research method uses a qualitative research approach. The source of data consists of primary and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by observing and interviewing ten informants consisting of four village officials and six communities. Secondary data sources were obtained from related articles. The analytical method used data reduction, data display, and conclusion. The results of the study found that: (1) the Kalicinta village community has a high tolerance attitude in maintaining inter-religious harmonity (2) the Kalicinta village community understands exclusivism in the theological realm and inclusivism in the social realm. Research ini di latar belakangi oleh harmonisasi antar umat beragama yang berada di provinsi Lampung. Harmonisasi umat beragama di dibuktikan dengan aktivitas budaya masyarakat Islam yang melibatkan warga  kristiani. Fenomena ini berada di desa Kalicinta, kabupaten Kotabumi provinsi Lampung. Research ini membahas tentang analisis harmonisasi umat beragama di desa kalicinta kotabumi lampung. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif. Sumber data terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dengan observasi dan wawancara sepuluh informan yang terdiri dari empat perangkat desa dan enam masyarakat. Sumber data sekunder diperoleh dari artikel-artikel yang terkait. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah data reduksi, data display, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa : (1) masyakarat desa Kalicinta memiliki sikap toleransi yang tinggi dalam menjaga keharmonisan dan kerukunan, (2) Masyarakat desa kalicinta ber-faham esklusivisme pada ranah teologi dan inklusivisme pada ranah sosial.
Spesifikasi Konsep Evaluasi pada Pengembangan Teknik Assesmen Kompetensi Sikap terhadap Pembelajaran PAI di SMP
Authors: Nafisah Durrotun , Sahlan Moh.
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui evaluasi, ruang lingkup pengembangan assessment kompetensi sikap terhadap pembelajaran PAI di SMP. Penilaian sikap tersebut memiliki beberapa teknik yang meliputi aspek spiritual dan sosial. Beberapa teknik tersebut diantaranya ialah teknik observasi, penilaian diri, penilaian teman sejawat, dan jurnal yang ditulis oleh guru. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan mengumpulkan segala informasi mengenai aspek-aspek yang mendukung penelitian baik dari sumber naskah-naskah dan beberapa realitas. Alat-alat yang digunakan adalah informasi dari kegiatan pengamatan yang dilakukan peneliti pada SMP serta sumber referensi dari berbagai penelitian jurnal, skripsi, artikel ilmiah atau teks ilmiah yang berhubungan dengan judul penelitian yang dilakukan. Ada dua macam sumber dalam penelitian ini yakni sumber primer berupa hasil penelitian. Kedua ialah sumber sekunder, dimana sumber berasal dari sumber-sumber internet, artikel ilmiah, buku ataupun naskah dan lain sebagainya. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yakni penilaian terhadap kompetensi sikap pada pembelajaran PAI memiliki beberapa teknik yang diperlukan. Diantaranya, observasi, yakni hal yang menjadi kebutuhan pendidik. Artinya, pendidik melakukan pengamatan terhadap sikap yang menjadi kebiasaan peserta didik. Kedua, penilaian antar-teman yang mengetahui keseharian peserta didik karena teman ialah seseorang yang ditemui setiap harinya dan mengetahui karakter teman lainnya.  Kemudian, penilaian diri untuk mengimplementasikan nilai kejujuran yang dibangun untuk menjadi identitas yang melekat terhadap peserta didik tersebut. Dan terakhir ialah jurnal guru. Hal tersebut dilakukan terhadap aspek sosial dan spiritual peserta didik.
Pengembangan Metode Pembelajaran Berbasis Permainan pada Mata Kuliah Agama Islam di AKN Putra Sang Fajar Blitar Menggunakan Model 4-D Thiagarajan
Authors: Muluk Muchamad Saiful , Athaillah Ibnu
Published: February 2024

Learning theoretical subjects at Vocational Colleges (PTV) is very identical to practice, but has its own challenges, including the general basic subjects (MKDU) of Islamic Religion. The problem with Islamic religious education in higher education, apart from the curriculum, teacher competency, differences in the quality of student understanding, and scientific dichotomy, is that there is also a very small learning portion (around 2 credits) from other subjects. This condition requires creative innovation, one of which is the development of game-based learning. This research focuses on developing a game-based learning method with Thiagarajan 4D model on Muslim Personality material which consists of 4 stages, namely defining, designing, developing and disseminating. Research data was collected by interviews, observation and documentation. The design of this game-based learning method has been validated by material and game experts, tested on a small scale and implemented in classrooms. Based on the validation results from material experts and game experts, the results showed that game-based learning designs are very suitable for use. The results of small-scale trials and implementation in classrooms show that students are enthusiastic, actively discussing, asking and answering, confident, and eager to participate in learning without feeling sleepy. Game-based learning methods can be used as an effective way to teach theory courses.
Intensification of Personality Competence and Professionalism of PAI Teachers In The Lessoning Process
Authors: Handayani Laily Rachma , Ghufron David Maulana , Kunaepi Aang
Published: February 2024

This research was conducted with the aim of knowing in depth about the personality competence and professional competence that a teacher must have. In addition, this study also discusses how efforts can be made to improve the professionalism and personality of teachers in order to support the learning process well so that it can achieve the learning objectives desired by the school/madrasa. This research is a qualitative research with a data collection process through literature study. The data analysis process in this study adopted from Miles and Hubermen. While data validity uses triangulation techniques. The results showed that the essence of a PAI teacher is how a teacher can lead his students to become a caliph on earth as well as a servant of Allah through a learning process that is in accordance with Islamic law. To be able to achieve this, a teacher needs to equip himself with various competencies, one of which is personality competence and professional competence. Personality competence must be owned by the teacher because it is the teacher who must be a role model and a good example for his students. While professional competence is needed so that a teacher can manage and organise the class and can convey knowledge effectively and efficiently. So that in order to achieve these competencies, teachers are required to attend training and upgrading that can improve the quality of teacher performance.
INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION IN THE RECOVERY EFFORTS OF MENTALLY ILL STUDENTS AT THE BOARDING SCHOOL CONDROMOWO 2 NGAWI DISTRICT
Authors: Sholihah Anisa Nuraini Maratu , Iswahyudi Iswahyudi
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this article is to find out the form of interpersonal communication in the recovery efforts of mentally ill students at Condromowo 2 Islamic Boarding School and the supporting and inhibiting factors in the recovery process of mentally ill students. The method used in this article is descriptive qualitative method with data collection through interviews, observation, documentation, and literature research. The results of this analysis show that there are five forms of interpersonal communication in the recovery efforts of mentally ill students, namely dialogue, sharing, interviews, counseling, and spiritual therapy. In the process of dialoguing with students, there is one-way communication, two-way communication, the use of verbal language, and the use of non-verbal language. Sharing occurs when students already have trust in the rehabilitation sector administrators. The interview occurs when the santri are not clear about their problems, thus encouraging the administrators to ask deeper questions. Counseling is done by providing solutions to the problems experienced by students. As for spiritual therapy using alternative wirid, reciting the Koran, reading sholawat, and praying in congregation five times. The supporting factors contained in the interpersonal communication process between rehabilitation administrators and mentally ill students can be divided into three, namely supporting factors from the communicator's angle, supporting factors from the communicator's angle, and supporting factors from the message angle. The obstacles that occur during the recovery process of mentally ill students are process, semantic, and psychological obstacles.
SPEECH STYLE USED BY SETO MULYADI IN ISLAMIC DA’WAH
Authors: Pamungkas Firdaus Ditya
Published: February 2024

Speech is a fundamental component of human communication, and it is shaped by a multitude of factors, leading to the emergence of various speech styles. Speech style is a type of communicative style that is determined by an intuitive understanding of the levels of familiarity or intimacy between individuals. These variations in speech style can be influenced by cultural, social, and situational factors, which contribute to the richness and diversity of human communication. This study aimed to explore speech style used by Seto Mulyadi Islamic da’wah in Tarawih sermon at Mosque of Gajah Mada University in 2023. Seto Mulyadi is a child psychologist and was the chairman of National Commission for Child Protection of Indonesia who tends to speak in story telling way. This research used qualitative descriptive method as foundation in conducting research. The research data consists of script of Seto Mulyadi's video speech from Youtube. The data analysis process involves four steps: data collection, data condensation, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. Based on finding, there are frozen style, formal style, consultative style, and casual style occurred in Seto Mulyadi’s utterances. Formal style is the most occurrence speech style in his speech. Furthermore, the personal background of Seto Mulyadi and the recipients of the message also influence variation of his speech style.
Praktik Pengasuhan Anak Di Desa Bandar Pasir Mandoge Kabupaten Asahan Perspektif Hukum Islam dan Undang-undang Perlindungan Anak
Authors: Septiari Mutiara , Ramadani Ramadani
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis praktik pengasuhan anak dari orang tua sebagaimana tercantum dalam Undang-Undang Pasal 6 No. 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak dan Hukum Islam di Desa Bandar Pasir Mandoge Kab. Asahan. Pendekatan yuridis empiris digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Selain itu pengumpulan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara, dan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa pentingnya orang tua, buruh brondolan sawit untuk memperoleh pendidikan dan dukungan oleh lingkungan dan pemerintah daerah untuk membantu mereka mengembangkan pola asuh yang lebih positif dan terlibat, serta menjaga kesejahteraan dan perkembangan anak-anak mereka. Hal ini juga menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Pasal 6 No. 35 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perlindungan Anak dan KHI Pasal 98 Ayat 1 memberikan perlindungan hukum bagi anak-anak dari pola asuh yang otoriter atau kekerasan terhadap anak. Undangan-undang nomor 4 Tahun 1979 tentang kesejahtraan Bilamana tidak ada lagi pihak-pihak yang dapat melaksakan tanggung jawab terhadap anak maka pelaksanaan hak dan kewajiban itu menjadi tanggungjawab Negara.
MANAJEMEN KONFLIK SINGLE PARENT MOTHER (Perspektif Sosiologi dan Maqashid Syariah)
Authors: Yuniar Meli Dwi
Published: February 2024

Abstract: Ideally, a family has a complete structure consisting of father mother and children, but in fact there are conditions where someone must take on the role of a single parent. This research was conducted looking at the phenomenon of our society today, which is one of the changes that occur in family institutions, namely the increasing presence of single parents or single parents. Apart from the care that is carried out alone, but also from the pattern of providing income and educating. This study aims to explore in more depth the problems of working mothers as well as single parents from a sociological and maqashid sharia perspective. The method used is literature research method with qualitative approach. The results of this study describe from two perspectives, namely sociology and maqashid sharia. When viewed from a sociological perspective, mothers usually work because of urgent economic conditions. As for when viewed from the maqashid sharia perspective, the 6 types of safeguards in maqashid sharia play a major role in creating new problems or even minimizing them.Keywords: Single Parent; Sociology; Maqashid SyariahAbstrak: Idealnya, sebuah keluarga memiliki struktur yang lengkap terdiri dari ayah ibu dan anak, namun faktanya ada kondisi dimana seseorang harus mengambil perannya sebagai orang tua tunggal. Penelitian ini dilakukan melihat dari fenomena masyarakat kita saat ini yang merupakan salah satu perubahan yang terjadi dalam lembaga keluarga yaitu semnakin banyaknya keberadaan orang tua tunggal atau single parent. Selain dalam hal pengasuhan yang dilakukan sendiri, namun juga dari pola pemberian nafkah dan mendidik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi secara lebih mendalam tentang problematika ibu bekerja sekaligus sebagai single parent dalam perspektif sosiologis dan maqashid syariah. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode penelitian literatur dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menjabarkan dari dua perspektif, yakni soiologi dan maqashid syariah. Jika ditinjau dari perspektif sosiologi biasanya ibu bekerja disebabkan karena kondisi ekonomi yang mendesak. Adapun jika ditinjau dari sudut pandang maqashid syariah, maka 6 jenis penjagaan dalam maqashid syariah berperan besar dalam melahirkan problematika baru atau justru meminimalkannya.Kata Kunci: Single Parent; Sosiologi; Maqashid Syariah
KEPENTINGAN TERBAIK ANAK PEMOHON DISPENSASI PERNIKAHAN DALAM PENAFSIRAN HUKUM OLEH HAKIM
Authors: Karima Aliya , Rahma Nabila Luthvia , Kasdi Abdurrohman , Nubahai Labib
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kebenaran implementasi PERMA No. 5 Tahun 2019 dari kasus dispensasi nikah pada putusan no. 134/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Kds, serta untuk mengetahui pemaknaan kepentingan terbaik anak dalam putusan dispensasi pernikahan tersebut. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan cara mengungkap data peristiwa yang pernah terjadi di Pengadilan Agama Kudus dalam bentuk data yang valid. Dalam memperoleh sumbernya, penulis menggunakan bahan hukum primer berupa PERMA No. 5 Tahun 2019 dan nomor keputusan 134/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Kds, sedangkan bahan hukum sekunder dikumpulkan langsung oleh peneliti sebagai penunjang dari sumber data pertama yaitu hasil wawancara lanjutan untuk selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan penafsiran hukum gramatikal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian dispensasi pada putusan hakim nomor 134/Pdt.P/2022/PA.Kds menggunakan metode penemuan hukum dan dengan banyak pertimbangan. Dari semua pertimbangan tersebut, tujuan hakim adalah kelangsungan hidup anak dan kepentingan terbaik anak. Pemberian putusan dispensasi dalam hal ini sesuai dengan ketentuan PERMA Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 baik secara produral maupun substantif yang pada dasarnya demi melindungi hak-hak anak pemohon dispensasi pernikahan. Pertimbangan hakim dalam putusannya semata-mata atas dasar perlindungan, kelangsungan hidup anak, dan kepentingan terbaik anak serta pemberian dispensasi nikah juga didasarkan untuk melindungi anak dari sanksi sosial yang terjadi di masyarakat yang sering kali mengucilkan mereka karena sudah hamil dan melahirkan sebelum perkawinan terjadi.
WITHDRAWN: Observation of 2D-magnesium-intercalated gallium nitride superlattices
Authors: Wang Jia , Cai Wentao , Lu Weifang , Honda Yoshio , Amano Hiroshi
Published: February 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn, as it was submitted in error. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
Analyzing the European countries’ SARS-CoV-2 policies via Bayesian explainable deep learning and statistical inference
Authors: Khalili Hamed
Published: February 2024

Even when the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic recedes, evidence-based researches regarding the effectiveness of pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical government interventions (NPIs) remain important. In this study, SARS-CoV-2 data of 30 European countries from early 2020 up to mid-2022 are analyzed using Bayesian deep learning and statistical analysis. Four data sources containing each country’s daily NPIs (consisting of 66 government measures, virus variant distributions of 31 virus types, the vaccinated population percentages by the first five doses as well as the reported daily infections in each country) are concatenated to undertake a comprehensive assessment of the impact of SARS-CoV-2 influential factors on the spread of the virus. First, a Bayesian deep learning model is constructed with a set of input factors to predict the growth rate of the virus one month ahead of the time from each day. Based on the trained model, the importance and the marginal effect of each relevant influencing input factor on the predicted outcome of the neural network model is computed by applying the relevant explainable machine learning algorithms. Subsequently, in order to look at the problem from a different perspective and re-examine the influencing input factors inferred from the deep learning model, a Bayesian statistical inference analysis is performed within each country’s data. In the statistical analysis, for each influencing input factor, the distribution of pandemic growth rates, in the days where the selected explanatory factor has been active, is compared with the distribution of the pandemic growth rates, in the days where the selected explanatory variable has not been active. The results of the statistical inference approve the predictions of the deep learning model to a significant extent. Similar conclusions from the SARS-CoV-2 experiences of the thirty studied European countries have been drawn.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of energy-related carbon emissions and their influencing factors in the Yangtze River Delta region of China based on nighttime light data
Authors: Xue Huazhu , Ma Qianqian , zhang Yuzhen , Ge Xiaosan
Published: February 2024

Owing to China's massive area and vastly differing regional variations in the types and efficiency of energy, the spatiotemporal distributions of regional carbon emissions vary widely. Regional carbon emissions study is becoming more crucial for determining the future course of sustainable development worldwide. In this work, two types of nighttime light data were integrated to expand the study's temporal coverage. On this basis, the distribution of energy-related carbon emissions (CE) in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region of China was estimated using the linear regression model at a multispatial scale. Then the spatiotemporal dynamics of CE were explored based on the estimated results. The four major factors' impact on CE in the YRD was assessed using the geographic detector (geodetector) model. The findings showed that the growth rate of CE in the YRD displayed three stages, and the total CE fluctuated upward. The spatial pattern of CE demonstrated a step-like decline from east to west. However, the Gini coefficient indicated that the differences in CE between cities gradually decreased since the CE had a strong spatial positive correlation in the YRD. Multiple factors affected the spatial variation of CE in the YRD, with economic level and population as the "critical" influencing elements, which determined the absolute amount of CE. The findings can provide scientific support for CE simulation in other similar regions.
Female Family Medicine Physicians Especially Prone to the Effects of Moral Distress on Burnout During the Initial Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in California
Authors: Fischer Avital , Fenning Reece , Robb John Michael , Slater Allison , Mai Uyen Thanh , Cruz Paolo De La , Billimek John John , Shapiro Johanna , Nguyen Tan , Haq Cynthia
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Primary care clinicians are especially prone to burnout. This study investigated factors contributing to burnout and moral distress and their relationship at the start of the COVID-19 pandemic among practicing family physicians (FPs) in California. Methods: Sample: This cross-sectional study reports the findings of a 22-item multiple-choice survey sent to California family physicians (FPs) between July-August 2020. The final sample included 218 FPs. Data Analysis: Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between demographic and characteristic variables, concerns and coping mechanisms with moral distress and burnout and to evaluate the relationship between moral distress and burnout. Gender was evaluated as an effect modifier of the relationship between moral distress and burnout. Results: Physicians experiencing higher burnout and moral distress were more likely to report concerns regarding personal COVID-19 risk and lack of PPE. Practicing self-care and personal wellness were associated with decreased moral distress. Female physicians were 3.86-fold more likely to report worsening burnout compared to male physicians. Employer support was associated with a 59% reduced burnout risk and 54% reduction of frequent moral distress. Frequent moral distress was associated with a 3.12- fold higher burnout risk. Gender modified the relationship between moral distress and burnout. Moral distress was associated with a 3.55-fold increase in burnout risk among females. Conclusions: Female FPs experienced greater levels of moral distress and burnout than male physicians. Moral distress was differentially associated with increased burnout among female physicians. Employer support was a protective factor against moral distress and burnout.
Low-cost conversion of Mo industrial waste powder into MoO 3 nanobelts catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Ursino F. , Mineo G. , Scandurra A. , Forestan Angelo , Alba Catya , Reitano R. , Terrasi A. , Mirabella S.
Published: February 2024

Efficient catalysts for electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) drag a lot of interest in the materials science community since they represent a limiting step in the hydrogen production kinetics during water electrolysis. One of the main goals is developing efficient and sustainable OER catalysts, to replace the currently used platinum group materials (PGMs). Here, we report a low-cost process to produce efficient OER catalysts MoO3 nanobelts from Mo-based powder obtained by industrial waste. Hydrothermal synthesis was conducted at specific pH values using a solution of Mo-based powder and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), leading to different MoOx nanostructures. Morphological, structural and optical characterizations were performed by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Raman Spectroscopy, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS), UV-Vis spectrophotometry. OER performances were evaluated with Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV), Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott-Schottky analysis. Under proper pH condition we obtained MoO3 nanobelts (50–200 nm wide, 10 µm long) showing the best OER performances at 10 mA cm− 2 with overpotential of 324 mV and Tafel Slope of 45 mV dec− 1. The effect of hydrogen peroxide addiction was investigated and a sustainable solution for industrial waste treatment is proposed.
Why do travelers return to the Physical Museum? A push-pull-mooring framework
Authors: Yu Xiaofan , Ye Yichen , Wu Shan
Published: February 2024

This research aims to empirically investigate how travelers transition from online to physical museums by utilizing and expanding the push-pull-mooring (PPM) model. Drawing from earlier studies and the present condition of museum tourism, this study identifies three push factors (dissatisfaction, technostress, and information overload), five pull factors (social interaction, perceived value, visual aesthetic, immersive experience, and perceived enjoyment), and three mooring factors (past experience, habit and switching cost). Travelers to the physical museum provided 434 legitimate questionnaires in total. The hypotheses were tested through structural equation modeling. The primary conclusions drawn from this research include: 1. Switching behavior is primarily influenced by push factors, pull factors, experience, and habit, with pull factors being the main driver of switching behavior. 2. Perceived value is the key factor among the pull factors, while dissatisfaction is the main factor in push factors. 3. Past experience diminishes the influence of push factors on switching behavior. This paper utilizes an expanded Push-Pull-Mooring (PPM) framework to investigate traveler-switching behavior in museum tourism. Furthermore, this paper offers valuable insights into converting behavior from online to physical museums.
Recurrent Fever of Unknown Origin and Unexplained Bacteremia in a Patient with a Novel 4.5 Mb Microdeletion in Xp11.23-p11.22
Authors: Lee Cho-Rong , Kim Man Jin , Park Sang-Heon , Kim Sheehyun , Kim Soo Yeon , Koh Seong-Joon , Choi Murim , Chae Jong Hee , Park Sung-Gyoo , Moon Jangsup
Published: February 2024

Fever of unknown origin (FUO) remains a formidable diagnostic challenge in the field of medicine. Numerous studies suggest an association between FUO and genetic factors, including chromosomal abnormalities. Here, we report a female patient with a 4.5 Mb Xp microdeletion, who presented with recurrent FUO, bacteremia, colitis, and hematochezia. To elucidate the underlying pathogenic mechanism, we employed a comprehensive approach involving single cell RNA sequencing, T cell receptor sequencing, and flow cytometry to evaluate CD4 T cells. Analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed augmented Th1, Th2, and Th17 cell populations, and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines in serum. Notably, the patient exhibited impaired Treg cell function, possibly related to deletion of genes encoding FOPX3 and WAS. Single cell analysis revealed specific expansion of cytotoxic CD4 T lymphocytes, characterized by upregulation of various signature genes associated with cytotoxicity. Moreover, interferon-stimulated genes were upregulated in the CD4 T effector memory cluster. Further genetic analysis confirmed maternal inheritance of the Xp microdeletion. The patient and her mother exhibited X chromosome-skewed inactivation, a potential protective mechanism against extensive X chromosome deletions; however, the mother exhibited complete skewing and the patient exhibited incomplete skewing (85:15), which may have contributed to emergence of immunological symptoms. In summary, this case report describes an exceptional instance of FUO stemming from an incompletely inactivated X chromosome microdeletion, thereby increasing our understanding of the genetics underpinning FUO.
Analysis of the characteristics of a green dental filling material made from a Zinc Oxide NPs, chitosan NPs and glass ionomer mixture
Authors: Rashwan G. M. , said Alaa Hassan , Mostafa M.
Published: February 2024

Glass ionomer cements (GIC) is a common material in dental applications. GIC have some disadvantage such as secondary caries and low bioactivity. Many efforts have been proposed to modify the antibacterial features of GICs to prevent the secondary caries. In this work, the antibacterial activity of three types of NPs (biogenic ZnO NPs, Chitosan NPs and GIC) as well as their nanocomposites (Chitosan/ZnO, Chitosan/GICC and Chitosan/GIC/ZnO) were investigated. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The antibacterial activity of the synthesized nanocomposites was investigated against two gram positive (Bacillus and Staphelococas) and two gram negative (E. coli and Klebsiella pneumonia) bacterial strains using agar diffusion disk. The obtained results revealed that the produced nanocomposites have a glassy structure with different particle size distribution. A comparable antibacterial action was observed in the three nanocomposites compared to the positive control Gentamycin. Biogenic ZnO NPs/Chitosan nanocomposite showed the largest antibacterial activity followed by GIC/biogenic ZnO NPs/Chitosan nanocomposite against the four bacterial strains, which make it a promising candidate for dental filling applications.
Differences in the Interleukins profile in Inatentive-ADHD prepubertal children are probably related to comorbidities
Authors: González-Villén Raquel , Fernández-López Luisa , Checa-Ros Ana , Tortosa-Pinto Pilar , Aguado-Rivas Raquel , Garre-Morata Laura , Acuña-Castroviejo Darío , Molina-Carballo Antonio
Published: February 2024

Background. Inflammatory cytokines are involved in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder.
Objetive. To quantify baseline levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their changes after treatment with methylphenidate (MPH) in prepubertal children with ADHD.
Methods. A total of 31 prepubertal children with ADHD were recruited. Based on the scores of the NICHQ Vanderbilt scales, the children were subclassified in only two ADHD presentations: ADHD-Attention Deficit (n= 13) or ADHD-Combined (n= 18). The children were also screened for Oppositional Desafiant Conduct Disorder (ODCD) and Anxiety Disorder. Blood samples were drawn at 09:00 h and after 4,63 ± 1,87 months of treatment. Four proinflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-5, IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)] and three anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-13) were measured using a Luminex® assay. Statistic: Factorial analysis (Stata 15.1) was performed using instants (baseline – post-treatment), presentations, and ODCD as factors.
Results. Overall, there were no differences induced by treatment in the concentrations of interleukins (ILs) analysed in our group of pre-pubertal children with ADHD. Grouped by Presentations, the differences detected are present almost exclusively in ADHD-AD Presentation, usually with a concentration profile opposite to that observed in ADHD-C, and with interactions between comorbid Factors, with the ILs that reach the greatest statistical significance being IL-1β (p = 0.01) and IL-13 (p = 0.006). These differences are probably related to the ODCD factor, and these differences disappear after treatment.
Conclusion. The changes that we described in inflammatory cytokines in prepubertal children only in ADHD-AD presentation are probably related to comorbidities (specifically ODCD) and disappear after treatment, but do not be involved in the highly clinically favourable response to MPH in prepubertal children.
A Comprehensive Overview of Research Groups and Activities in the Field of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion
Authors: Wulfkühler Jan-Philipp , Bakr Mahmoud , Tajmar Martin
Published: February 2024

Inertial electrostatic confinement fusion has developed into a widespread academic field since its inception in the 1950s and 1960s. This paper provides an overview of the different research groups (universities and research institutes) and companies involved in the field of IECF and their scientific publications. A list of over 970 publications from 56 universities, 20 research institutes, and 25 companies was collected and analyzed. Also, an overview of more than 30 tabletop IECF devices and their performance is provided.
Research, Policy, and Practice Regarding Rehabilitation of Children with Developmental Disorder in Africa: A Scoping Review
Authors: Abaraogu Ukachukwu O. , Eleke Chidera P.
Published: February 2024

Background: Developmental disorders are topping the list of the Global burden of disease. While developed countries have been able to have a level of control over it, low-income and middle-income countries are yet to put the necessary measures towards curbing these disorders. Comparing African countries against other countries, some factors are key which if thoroughly evaluated and have actions taken on them.
Methods: This scoping review was conducted to identify literature relating to research, policies, and practice regarding the rehabilitation of children with developmental disorders. A systematic search was carried out between June 2023 and August 2023 on PEDro, PubMed, African Journal Online, Cochrane Library and Directory of Open Access Journals for identification of eligible literature.
Results: The search yielded 982 articles out of which 19 met the inclusion criteria. This shows that not so much work has been done regarding developmental disorders discussing policies or rehabilitation practice in Africa. The result was screened using Rayyan. Results from databases which cannot be exported in a format compatible with Rayyan were manually screened. 47% of the literature was from the Western African Region and Cerebral Palsy topped the list at 42%. No article was found on the policies regarding rehabilitation in children with developmental disorders in Africa. Diverse rehabilitation practices have been adopted and/or experimented on in Africa with none widely accepted.
Conclusions: Seeing that there is yet to be structured evidence and information on developmental disorders in the African context, research remains the way forward. More energy should be channelled by researchers towards the issue of developmental disorders in Africa. Enough and quality evidence translates to better policies which when properly implemented, brings forth better rehabilitation practice in the area of developmental disorders in Africa and globally too.
Students Are Not Motivated to Communicate in English: an Action Research
Authors: Baskota Prateet , Thapa Punam
Published: February 2024

There are many problems in classroom associated with English language teaching. Among them, lack of students’ motivation and interest to speaking English is one of the major problems. The purpose of our study is to motivate our students of Grade seven via various activities. Every teacher should arouse motivation and interest to speak English in the classroom by applying various kinds of teaching methods such as warm up activities, summarization techniques, picture description, and English Simple story to help them produce something by their own. Therefore, every teacher should engage students in various activities by understanding their level to encourage them and to reduce their anxiety and negative attitude in Speaking. Similarly, motivation plays significant role for acquiring Second language. Importantly, if teachers really want to help to sustain their self-confidence they need to know and use effective teaching strategies in the English as second language teaching.
Mucormycosis-induced brain abscess treatment without dura opening- a report of three cases
Authors: Firouzifar Mohammadreza , akbarpour maliheh
Published: February 2024

purpose Brain abscess following sinonasal mucormycosis is a rare but life-threatening condition that usually occurs during the patient's treatment. Therefore, it is important to pay close attention to its identification and treatment and since our knowledge is mostly based on case reports, a well-documented way of treatment for such cases is yet to be found.
Methods A retrospective case series study was conducted at a tertiary hospital. Initially, all patients with brain abscesses following sino-nasal mucormycosis were included, and then patients whose brain abscesses were treated without opening the dura during surgery were selected for the study. The patients received radical debridement of necrotic tissues as well as the infected bones adjacent to the brain abscess cavity. But the dura was not incised. Then they were treated medically for their underlying disease and also with Amphotericine-B. Their brain abscess was monitored 3 weeks post-operatively.
Results Three patients with an average age of 41 years were included in the study. All patients had a history of diabetes and had previously been treated for COVID-19 before developing symptoms of sino-nasal infection. The average size of the abscesses was less than 2 cm. Two patients had abscesses in the temporal lobe and one in the frontal lobe.
Conclusion Treating brain abscesses adjacent to the skull base by removing infected tissues and bones surrounding the brain abscess without opening the dura can be a viable treatment option for mucormycosis-induced brain abscesses of less than 2 cm.
Ethics approval statement: IR.TUMS.AMIRALAM.REC.1402.036
Inactivation of Deposited Bioaerosols on Food Contact Surfaces with UV-C Light Emitting Diode Devices
Authors: Sharma Aakash , Singh Amritpal , Pendyala Brahmaiah , Balamurugan Sampathkumar , Patras Ankit
Published: February 2024

The airborne transmission of infectious diseases and bioaerosol-induced cross-contamination pose significant challenges in the food, dairy, and pharma industries. This study evaluated the effectiveness of 279 nm UV-C LED irradiation for decontaminating bioaerosols, specifically containing microorganisms like E. coli (C3040- Kanamycin resistant), Salmonella Enteritis (ATCC 4931), and Pseudomonas fragi (ATCC 4973), on food contact surfaces. Borosilicate glass, silicon rubber, and stainless steel (316L) surfaces were selected for experimentation for their usage in the food industry. A 50µL cell suspension was aerosolized at 25 psi pressure using a 4-jet BLAM Nebulizer within a customized glass chamber and then deposited onto the surface of the coupons. The serial dilution approach was used for the microbial enumeration, followed by double plating. With a low RMSE and high R2 values, the biphasic kinetic model demonstrated the excellent goodness of fit parameters. At a UV-C dose of 6 mJ cm− 2, glass surfaces showed the maximum microbial inactivation ( i.e. 2.80, 3.81, and 3.56 log CFU/mL for E. coli, Salmonella, and P. fragi, respectively). Stainless steel and silicon rubber showed significant microbial inactivation but were consistently lower than glass. Our research indicates that UV-C LEDs can disinfect bioaerosols on food contact surfaces effectively.
Microbial occupational exposure in e-waste recycling: biological hazards, their sources, and potential toxic effects
Authors: Viegas Carla , Gomes Bianca , Dias Marta , Cervantes Renata , Pena Pedro , Gonçalves Sara , Almeida-Silva Marina , Carolino Elisabete , Twaruzek Magdalena , Caetano Liliana Aranha , Viegas Susana
Published: February 2024

E-waste management is a major environmental concern that also poses serious risks to occupational health. While e-waste workers are exposed to a variety of chemicals, little is known about occupational exposure to microbiological agents. This study aims to fill that gap. For that purpose, two e-waste facilities were assessed: one battery-recycling facility (BRF), and another facility (SRE) dedicated to e-waste sorting and storage before sending it for different processing. Filtering respiratory protection devices (FRPD, 24 samples) and settled dust (13 samples) were collected using standardized sampling approaches, and analyzed by culture-based, chemical and molecular methods. Workers also filled in a questionnaire regarding work activities and the use of FRPD. Microbial loads, fungal diversity, azole resistance, and prevalence of Aspergillus sections Fumigati and Flavi and mycotoxins (as surrogates of harmful fungal contamination) were determined. To estimate potential health effects related to exposure, the FRPD cytotoxicity was determined in human A549 lung and HepG2 hepatic cells. Microbial contaminants with pathogenicity and toxigenic potential were observed in FRPDs and settled dust. Aspergillus section Fumigati was widespread. The observed presence of Aspergillus section Flavi relates to the risk of exposure to aflatoxin B1 (a potent hepatocarcinogen). Four different mycotoxins were detected in 8% FRPD and 15% dust samples, including pathogenic fumonisin B1 and sterigmatocystin (below the limit of quantification). A low to moderate cytotoxic effect of sampled FRPD was observed, with human lung alveolar cells more sensitive than hepatic cells. No relevant azole resistance was observed, nor correlations between fungal reduced azole-susceptibility and fungal growth at 37ºC or cytotoxicity. In summary, it can be concluded that this approach using FRPD and settled dust presents a promising potential for screening occupational exposure to microbiological contaminants in e-waste management. More studies in this occupational context should be prioritized to identify critical biological hazards and to support the implementation of appropriate health risk mitigation strategies.
An Attentive LSTM with Fuzzy Network for Intelligent Optimal Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks using Enhanced Red Piranha-based Optimal Path Selection Mechanism
Authors: R Palani Kumar , R Asokan
Published: February 2024

Several agricultural processes can be greatly improved by data mining and sensor networks approaches. This action is controlling the amount of water used in agricultural crops. Furthermore, the Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have emerged as a more important technology in forming field. Utilizing energy and extending the lifespan of the sensor nodes is a key component of WSN design. The enormous problem of energy consumption reduction is used to increase the lifetime of the entire framework. Smart sensing IoT devices typically have low batteries and are not usually rechargeable. The effective protocols seek to extend structure life span while reducing the power consumption to prevent disruptions to the nodes installed for environment controlling and data collection. An intelligent deep learning-based routing in WSN is developed to enhance the network lifetime. This model provided efficient optimal routing, in which the routing decisions are taken by Attentive LSTM with Fuzzy (ALSTMFuzzy). Here, the routing decisions are selected based on the security, malicious node, link availability and scalability, etc. The effective routing is performed by the optimal path selection using Mutated Fitness-based Red Piranha Optimization (MFRPO). The path selection for intelligent routing is performed based on several multiple constrains like distance, delay, PDR, energy consumption and throughput. The developed intelligent routing in WSN system outcome is compared to existing models with effectiveness measures.
Community-acquired pneumonia associated with influenza co-infection caused by fusobacterium necrophorum: a case report and literature review
Authors: Cao Min , Huang Lin , Zhang Rong
Published: February 2024

Background
Fusobacterium necrophorum is a rare pathogen often associated with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially when compromising healthy adults. This case report presents the first documented case of CAP caused by F. necrophorum in a young individual, providing valuable insights for the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases.
Case presentation
The patient, initially diagnosed with influenza, developed CAP caused by F. necrophorum. Despite one week of outpatient treatment with moxifloxacin, symptoms persisted, leading to hospitalization. Treatment with piperacillin tazobactam/imipenem and doxycycline, targeting atypical pathogens, did not result in improvement after admission. Conventional diagnostic methods failed to identify the causative pathogen, but metagenomics next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid confirmed it to be F. necrophorum. The patient showed significant improvement after ten days of targeted treatment with ornidazole and imipenem/piperacillin tazobactam and was discharged.
Conclusion
Uncommon pathogens, such as F. necrophorum, should be considered as potential culprits in young individuals with CAP when conventional cultures yield negative results but there is a strong suspicion of infection, especially if initial antibiotic therapy is ineffective.
Benchmarking Mechanistic Structural, Molecular Docking, ADMET and Biological Properties of Methyl- Imidazole Derivatives: Potential Anti-Cancer Agents
Authors: Agwupuye John A. , Koudjina Simplice , Gber Terkumbur E. , Zeeshand Muhammad , Ashishie Providence B. , Batoold Sidra , David Prince , Atohoun Guy Y. S. , Gbenou Joachim D. , Louis Hitler
Published: February 2024

The application of computational studies is crucial in optimizing the potential of prospective drug candidates by predicting their most important reactive properties. This approach not only reduces experimental costs but also provides precise methods for experimental achievements. It should be noted that the biological activity and toxicity of a drug is heavily influenced by the number and interaction of its chemical bonds. Heterocyclic compounds, particularly imidazole derivatives, have shown a significant advancement in synthesis, theoretical studies, and applications. Various software were employed, including Gaussian 16W, with GaussView 6.0.16, FMO using the Koopsman’s approximation, molecular docking, natural bond order analysis, pharmacokinetics, as well as ADMET properties, to perform the computational quantum calculations. A range of functional was explored to ensure accuracy and precision in the computational studies of the modeled nitrogen heterocyclic (Imidazole’s). This is particularly necessary as hybrid functional, which provides the best compromise between accuracy and computational effort, form the basis of the majority of practical DFT applications. Furthermore, the modeled compounds using molecular docking to determine their biological activities against various cancer proteins were screened. These findings potentially pave the way for the development of new drugs with enhanced efficacy and reduced toxicity.