bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian and Non-Bayesian Parameter Estimation for the Bivariate Odd Lindley Half-Logistic Distribution Using Progressive Type-II Censoring with Applications in Sports Data
Authors: Polipu Shruthi , Gillariose Jiju
Published: February 2025

The Bivariate Odd Lindley Half-Logistic (BOLiHL) distribution with progressive Type-II censoring provides a powerful statistical tool for analyzing dependent data effectively. This approach benefits society by enhancing engineering systems, improving healthcare decisions, and supporting effective risk management, all while optimizing resources and minimizing experimental burdens. In this paper, the likelihood function derived under progressive Type-II censoring is generalized for the BOLiHL distribution. The well-known maximum likelihood estimation method and Bayesian estimation are applied to evaluate the parameters of the distribution. A study utilizing simulation techniques is performed to evaluate the performance of the estimators, using statistical analysis metrics for censored observations under a progressive Type-II censoring scheme with varying sample sizes, failure times, and censoring schemes. Additionally, a real dataset is studied to validate the proposed model, delivering impactful analyses for practical applications.
Seismic Response of Elevated Steel Water Tanks Equipped with a Novel Steel Curved Damper
Authors: Katsimpini Panagiota
Published: February 2025

This study explores the performance of a novel curved steel damper system in lessening the seismic response of elevated steel tanks. It specifically examines two types of tanks, broad and tall, by analyzing their behavior during past earthquakes. Non-linear time history analyses were executed using various ground motion records to evaluate the dynamic characteristics and structural responses of the tank systems. The application of the curved steel damper, placed between the tank container and its supporting structure, resulted in a significant reduction in base shear forces and deformations of the tank walls when compared to traditional designs. The findings highlight the effectiveness of the damping system, showing that the curved damper leads to decreased maximum displacement and base shear forces during seismic activities. This research contributes essential knowledge for the seismic design of elevated steel tanks and proposes an innovative, cost-efficient strategy for enhancing their earthquake resilience.
Preparation and Optimization of a Polyhydroxyoctanoate–Hydroxyapatite Composite Available to Scaffolds in Implantable Devices
Authors: Miu Dana-Maria , Pavaloiu Ramona Daniela , Sha’at Fawzia , Vladu Mariana-Gratiela , Neagu Georgeta , Manoiu Vasile-Sorin , Eremia Mihaela-Carmen
Published: February 2025

Biomaterials represent a distinct class of materials used in various medical applications, such as replicating the shape or function of damaged tissue caused by disease or trauma. The increasing focus on polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) research can be attributed to their properties, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bioresorbability. PHAs can be incorporated into polymeric complexes or combined with bioceramics or bioactive substances. Films of PHO-HAp-Curcumin were prepared, and optimization studies were conducted using Design-Expert software (Stat-Ease 360-Trial Version). The effects of independent variables (amount of PHO, HAp, and curcumin) on biodegradability, film thickness, and curcumin release were studied. Statistical modeling revealed significant interactions among the components, with the 2FI and quadratic models providing strong predictive accuracy. The interaction of HAp and PHO amounts (X2X3) has a significant effect on biodegradability (Y1) and film thickness (Y3). For the degree of the cumulative release of curcumin (CDR), there was no significant interaction between the independent variables (curcumin-X1, HAp-X2, and PHO-X3). Optimized film exhibited a maximum desirability of 0.777 with 1 mg of curcumin, 100 mg of HAp, and 172.31 mg of PHO. A morphological analysis of optimized film revealed a rough, particle-rich surface favorable for biomedical use. The findings highlight the promise of PHO-HAp-Curcumin composite films in advancing tissue engineering.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Two-Station Two-Gate Calix[6]arene-Based [2]Catenane
Authors: Bazzoni Margherita , Rispoli Francesco , Venturelli Sara , Cera Gianpiero , Secchi Andrea
Published: February 2025

The design, construction, and operation of devices and machines at the molecular scale using the bottom-up approach captivates a lot of interest in nanoscience. Particularly intriguing are interlocked molecular architectures, which are ideal candidates for these aims. [n]Pseudorotaxanes, [n]rotaxanes, and [n]catenanes serve as versatile prototypes for constructing molecular machines because they can be engineered to execute a diverse range of functions, including mechanical-like movements in response to chemical, photochemical, or electrochemical stimuli. The study explores the synthesis and characterization of a two-station two-gate calix[6]arene-based [2]catenane. Building on prior work with calix[6]arene-based Mechanically Interlocked Molecules (MIMs), this research integrates two functional gates—an azobenzene unit and a stilbene unit —into a two-station “track” ring. The synthesis employed threading and capping strategies to prepare the precursor [2]rotaxane isomers 12(azo-up) and 12(azo-down). Challenges in the deprotection of TBS groups led to the adoption of a supramolecular-assisted approach for the direct synthesis of the desired pseudorotaxane. The final catenation reaction, using a trans-stilbene-based bisacyl chloride as the “clipping unit”, afforded the [2]catenane C3(azo-down) in 25% yield after purification. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis and orientation of C3(azo-down).
Two-Dimensional Materials: From Synthesis to Applications
Authors: Wang Sake , Hung Nguyen Tuan , Sun Minglei
Published: February 2025

Two-dimensional materials have become a cornerstone of modern materials science, offering unique structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties [...]
Tuning the d-Band Center of Nickel Bimetallic Compounds for Glycerol Chemisorption: A Density Functional Study
Authors: Ramos-Castillo Carlos M. , Torres-Pacheco Luis , Álvarez-Contreras Lorena , Arjona Noé , Guerra-Balcázar Minerva
Published: February 2025

The modification of catalytic activity through the use of metallic promoters is a key strategy for optimizing performance, as electronic factors play a crucial role in regulating catalytic behavior. This study explores the electronic factors behind the adsorption of glycerol (Gly) on bimetallic nickel-based compounds (Ni3X) using density functional theory (DFT) calculations; incorporating Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn as promoters effectively tunes the d-band center of these systems, directly influencing their magnetic, adsorption, and catalytic properties. A good correlation between the calculated glycerol adsorption energy and the d-band filling of the studied bimetallic surfaces was identified. Interestingly, this correlation can be rationalized using the celebrated Newns–Anderson model based on the calculated d-band fillings and centers of the systems under study. Additionally, the adsorption energies and relative stability of other electro-oxidation intermediates toward dihydroxyacetone (DHA) were calculated. Notably, the Ni3Co and Ni3Cu systems exhibit an optimal balance between glycerol adsorption and DHA desorption, making them promising candidates for glycerol electro-oxidation. These theoretical insights address fundamental aspects of developing glycerol valorization processes and advancing alcohol electro-oxidation technologies in fuel cells with noble-metal-free catalysts.
N,N-Dimethylformamide’s Participation in Domino Reactions for the Synthesis of Se-Phenyl Dimethylcarbamoselenoate Derivatives
Authors: Xu Runsheng , Hu Shenhuanran , Wu Luhui , Ning Yifan , Xu Jin
Published: February 2025

N,N-dimethylformamide’s (DMF) participation in domino reactions has been developed. Starting from substituted halogenobenzenes and selenium powder, versatile biologically active Se-phenyl dimethylcarbamoselenoate derivatives were efficiently synthesized under mild reaction conditions. The reaction mechanism was studied using control experiments. These protocols involve a wider substrate scope and provide an economical approach toward C–selenium bond formation.
Zephycandidine A and Synthetic Analogues—Synthesis and Evaluation of Biological Activity
Authors: Klaßmüller Thomas , Lengauer Florian , Blenninger Julia , Geisslinger Franz , Bartel Karin , Bracher Franz
Published: February 2025

A convenient total synthesis of the imidazo[1,2-f]phenanthridine-type Amaryllidaceae alkaloid zephycandidine A (3) was developed, which further allowed us to perform modifications of substituents on benzenoid ring A and imidazole ring D. The biological activities of all synthesized compounds were evaluated, and it was reported that activities against cancer cells of the parent alkaloid were poorly reproducible, while the closely related analogue THK-121 (11) showed a strong inhibitory effect on proliferation. Additionally, our novel analogue significantly induced cell death via the intrinsic apoptosis pathway, evident by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and disrupted mitochondrial structure in the same cells. At the same time, healthy cells were less affected by the treatment with THK-121 (11), indicating a potential therapeutic margin.
Spray-Drying Synthesis of Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7@CNT Cathode for Ultra-Stable and High-Rate Sodium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Huang Jinri , Zhang Ziheng , Chen Daiqian , Yu Hesheng , Wu Yu , Chen Yuanfu
Published: February 2025

Iron-based phosphate is a promising cathode for sodium-ion batteries due to its low cost and abundant resources; however, the practical application is hindered by poor electronic conductivity, sluggish Na+ diffusion, and a lack of low-cost and scalable synthesis methods. To address such issues, herein, we present a low-cost and scalable spray-drying strategy to synthesize Na4Fe3(PO4)2P2O7@CNT (NFPP@CNT) hollow microspheres. The NFPP@CNT composite has the following advantages: highly conductive CNT can significantly improve the electronic conductivity of the cathode, and the flexible CNT-based microsphere architecture facilitates Na+ diffusion and guarantees excellent mechanical properties to mitigate structural degradation during cycling. These merits make the NFPP@CNT cathode display outstanding electrochemical performances: the NFPP@CNT-1% electrode demonstrates a high reversible capacity of 103.9 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and maintains a very high capacity retention of 99.9% after 1000 cycles even at a high rate of 5 C.
Recent Advances in the Development of Immunoproteasome Inhibitors as Anti-Cancer Agents: The Past 5 Years
Authors: Mancuso Francesca , Di Chio Carla , Di Matteo Francesca , Smaldone Gerardina , Iraci Nunzio , Giofrè Salvatore Vincenzo
Published: February 2025

The immunoproteasome (iCP) is an isoform of the 20S proteasome that is expressed in response to cellular stress or inflammatory stimuli. The primary role of the iCP is to hydrolyze proteins into peptides that can be loaded into the MHC-I complex. Beyond its primary role in the adaptive immune response, it is also involved in the pathogenic mechanism of numerous disease states such as inflammatory conditions and cancer. In the last decade, a huge number of immunoproteasome-specific inhibitors have been described, allowing researchers to elucidate the role of the immunoproteasome as a potential therapeutic target for these diseases. The present manuscript summarizes the latest advances regarding immunoproteasome inhibitors tested against different cancer models. Specifically, it will focus on peptide and non-peptide analogs that have been reported in the last five years, together with their structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies. It aims to provide structural insights into this class of compounds pertaining to their favorable applicability as selective iCP inhibitors in the treatment of cancer.
Biofunctionalization of Magneto-Plasmonic Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-Au Heterostructures with the Cellulase from Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Tomaszewska Anna , Kulpa-Greszta Magdalena , Hryców Oliwia , Niemczyk Klaudia , Wojnarowska-Nowak Renata , Broda Daniel , Pazik Robert
Published: February 2025

The study focuses on the synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2-NH2-Au heterostructures with magneto-plasmonic properties composed of well-defined cubic Fe3O4 cores (79 nm) covered with 10 nm silica shell and gold nanoparticles (8 nm) fabricated on silica shell. The surface-anchored MHDA (16-mercaptohexadecanoic acid) linker facilitated cellulase bioconjugation, which was confirmed through Raman spectroscopy. The presence of gold nanoparticle islands on the heterostructure enabled surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), demonstrating the potential for bioactive substance identification. Immobilization of cellulase allowed for pH enhancement and enzyme thermal stability. The optimal pH shifted from 4.0 (free enzyme) to 6.0 while thermal stability increased by 20 °C. The immobilized cellulase kept its 49% activity after five hydrolysis cycles, compared to significantly lower activity for free cellulase. The proposed heterostructures for cellulase immobilization demonstrate potential for practical applications.
A One Health Perspective on the Resurgence of Flea-Borne Typhus in Texas in the 21st Century: Part 1: The Bacteria, the Cat Flea, Urbanization, and Climate Change
Authors: Anstead Gregory M.
Published: February 2025

Flea-borne typhus (FBT), due to Rickettsia typhi and R. felis, is an infection typically causing fever, headache, rash, hepatitis, and thrombocytopenia. About one quarter of patients suffer pulmonary, neurologic, hematologic, renal, hepatic, cardiac, ocular or other complications. In the 21st century, the incidence of FBT has increased in both Texas and California compared to the 1990s. In this paper, county-level epidemiological data for the number of cases of FBT occurring in Texas for two decades, 1990–1999 and 2010–2019, were compared with respect to county of residence, urbanization, and climatic region. Human population growth in Texas has promoted FBT by increased urbanization and the abundance of pet dogs and cats, stray/feral dogs and cats, and opossums. Increasing temperatures in Texas in the new millennium have increased the flea-borne transmission of FBT by promoting host infestation and flea feeding and defecation, accelerating the flea life cycle, and increasing rickettsial replication within the flea. Increased numbers of opossums and stray cats and dogs in the urban/suburban landscape have increased the risk of flea transfer to humans and their pets.
Risk of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Newborns from Mothers with Documented Infection: Experience from Two Referral Centres
Authors: Bonetti Alice , Comelli Agnese , Chiesa Annacarla , Spinoni Vania , Vola Ambra , Prefumo Federico , Valcamonico Adriana , Bonfanti Carlo , Caligaris Silvio , Tomasoni Lina Rachele , Baldanti Fausto , Meroni Valeria
Published: February 2025

During pregnancy, primary Toxoplasma gondii infection can cause congenital toxoplasmosis (CT). We described the newborns’ outcomes from a multicentre cohort of mothers with seroconversion (SC) at different gestational ages. This retrospective observational study (from 2007 to 2018) was conducted in two Italian referral hospitals: Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo in Pavia and Spedali Civili in Brescia. In total, 247 pregnant women were enrolled: seroconversions were enrolled: seroconversions documented as having occurred in the two months preceding pregnancy in 12 cases (4.9%; 95% CI 2.2–7.5%), and during pregnancy in 235 cases (95.1%; 95% CI 92.5–97.8%). SC is defined as the appearance of specific anti-Toxoplasma antibodies (IgM/IgG) during pregnancy in a previously seronegative woman. A total of 56 (22.5%; 95% CI 17.3–27.7%) newborns were lost to follow-up; thus, the outcome of 193 (77.5%; 95% CI 72.3–82.7%) newborns was analyzed. The overall transmission rate of T. gondii infection was 23.8% (95% CI 17.8–29.8%), 0% (95% CI 0.0–11.9%) among the 1st trimester SCs, 12.5% (95% CI 5.6–19.4%) among the 2nd trimester SCs, 53.8% (95% CI 41.7–66.0%) among the 3rd trimester ones. No CT were found in the group of periconceptional infection. Among the infected newborns, clinically manifest cases were 12 (26.1%; 95% CI 13.4–38.8%), including 1 case (2.2%; 95% CI 2.0–6.4%) of stillbirth and 11 symptomatic neonates (23.9%; 95% CI 11.6–36.2%). A total of 83 amniocentesis were performed (33.6%; 95% CI 27.7–39.5%), no complication was recorded and no false positive or false negative results were registered. The results are in line with the fetal risks reported in literature for T. gondii infection during pregnancy, even if at a lower percentage probably due to a prompt treatment.
Repeated-Dose Toxicity of Lauric Acid and Its Preventive Effect Against Tracheal Hyper-Responsiveness in Wistar Rats with Possible In Silico Molecular Targets
Authors: Figueiredo Indyra Alencar Duarte , Martins Alissa Maria de Oliveira , Cavalcanti Alexya Mikelle Teixeira , Fernandes Jayne Muniz , Gomes Ludmila Emilly da Silva , Vieira Mateus Mendes , Oliveira Gabriel Nunes Machado de , Felício Isabela Motta , Oliveira Lucas Nóbrega de , Ramalho Igor Gabriel da Silva , Sousa Natália Ferreira de , Scotti Luciana , Scotti Marcus Tullius , Alves José Luiz de Brito , Diniz Margareth de Fátima Formiga Melo , Ximenes Daniele Idalino Janebro , Vasconcelos Luiz Henrique César , Cavalcante Fabiana de Andrade
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Lauric acid (LA), a medium-chain fatty acid, is a promising drug for asthma treatment. This study evaluated the toxicity of repeated doses and the effect of LA on pulmonary ventilation and tracheal reactivity in asthmatic Wistar rats and identified possible molecular targets of LA action in silico. Methods: The rats were divided into control (CG) and LA-treated groups at 100 mg/kg (AL100G) for toxicity analysis. Pulmonary ventilation and tracheal reactivity were assessed in the control (CG), asthmatic (AG), asthmatic treated with LA at 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg (AAL25G, AAL50G, and AAL100G), and dexamethasone-treated groups (ADEXAG). Results: The results showed that LA at a dose of 100 mg/kg did not cause death or toxicity. A pulmonary ventilation analysis indicated that AG had reduced minute volume, which was prevented in AAL25G. LA at all doses prevented carbachol-induced tracheal hyper-responsiveness and reduced the relaxing effect of aminophylline, as observed in AG. An in silico analysis revealed that LA had a good affinity for nine proteins (β2-adrenergic receptor, CaV, BKCa, KATP, adenylyl cyclase, PKG, eNOS, iNOS, and COX-2). Conclusions: LA at 100 mg/kg has low toxicity, prevents hyper-responsiveness in an asthma model in rats, and acts as a multitarget compound with a good affinity for proteins related to airway hyper-responsiveness.
Nanostructured Formulations for a Local Treatment of Cancer: A Mini Review About Challenges and Possibilities
Authors: Amparo Tatiane Roquete , Almeida Tamires Cunha , Sousa Lucas Resende Dutra , Xavier Viviane Flores , Silva Glenda Nicioli da , Brandão Geraldo Célio , dos Santos Orlando David Henrique
Published: February 2025

Cancer represents a significant societal, public health, and economic challenge. Conventional chemotherapy is based on systemic administration; however, it has current limitations, including poor bioavailability, high-dose requirements, adverse side effects, low therapeutic indices, and the development of multiple drug resistance. These factors underscore the need for innovative strategies to enhance drug delivery directly to tumours. However, local treatment also presents significant challenges, including the penetration of the drug through endothelial layers, tissue density in the tumour microenvironment, tumour interstitial fluid pressure, physiological conditions within the tumour, and permanence at the site of action. Nanotechnology represents a promising alternative for addressing these challenges. This narrative review elucidates the potential of nanostructured formulations for local cancer treatment, providing illustrative examples and an analysis of the advantages and challenges associated with this approach. Among the nanoformulations developed for the local treatment of breast, bladder, colorectal, oral, and melanoma cancer, polymeric nanoparticles, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, and nanohydrogels have demonstrated particular efficacy. These systems permit mucoadhesion and enhanced tissue penetration, thereby increasing the drug concentration at the tumour site (bioavailability) and consequently improving anti-tumour efficacy and potentially reducing adverse effects. In addition to studies indicating chemotherapy, nanocarriers can be used as a theranostic approach and in combination with irradiation methods.
Thymoquinone-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Combat Testicular Aging and Oxidative Stress Through SIRT1/FOXO3a Activation: An In Vivo and In Vitro Study
Authors: Kasem Enas A. , Hamza Gehan , El-Shafai Nagi M. , Ghanem Nora F. , Mahmoud Shawky , Sayed Samy M. , Alshehri Mohammed Ali , Al-Shuraym Laila A. , Ghamry Heba I. , Mahfouz Magdy E. , Shukry Mustafa
Published: February 2025

Background: Aging is a complex biological process characterized by the accumulation of molecular and cellular damage over time, often driven by oxidative stress. This oxidative stress is particularly detrimental to the testes, where it causes degeneration, reduced testosterone levels, and compromised fertility. D-galactose (D-gal) is commonly used to model aging as it induces oxidative stress, mimicking age-related cellular and molecular damage. Testicular aging is of significant concern due to its implications for reproductive health and hormonal balance. This research examines the protection by thymoquinone (TQ) or thymoquinone-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (NCPs) against D-galactose (D-gal)-induced aging in rat testes, focusing on biochemical, histological, and molecular changes. Aging, which is driven largely by oxidative stress, leads to significant testicular degeneration, reducing fertility. D-gal is widely used to model aging due to its ability to induce oxidative stress and mimic age-related damage. TQ, a bioactive ingredient of Nigella sativa, has earned a reputation for its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and antioxidant characteristics, but its therapeutic application is limited by its poor bioavailability. Methods: Thymoquinone was loaded into chitosan nanoparticles (NCPs) to enhance its efficacy, and this was hypothesized to improve its stability and bioavailability. Four groups of male Wistar rats participated in the study: one for the control, one for D-gal, one for D-gal + TQ, and the last one for D-gal + NCP. Results: The results exhibited that D-gal substantially increased oxidative injury, reduced testosterone levels, and caused testicular damage. Treatment with TQ and NCPs significantly reduced oxidative stress, improved antioxidant enzyme levels, and restored testosterone levels, with NCPs showing a stronger protective effect than TQ alone. A histological analysis confirmed that NCPs better preserved testicular structure and function. Additionally, the NCP treatment upregulated the expression of key genes of oxidative stress resistance, mitochondrial function, and reproductive health, including SIRT1, FOXO3a, and TERT. Conclusions: The findings suggest that NCPs offer enhanced protection against aging-related testicular damage compared with TQ alone, which is likely due to the improved bioavailability and stability provided by the nanoparticle delivery system. This research emphasizes the potential of NCPs as a more effective therapeutic strategy for mitigating oxidative stress and age-related reproductive dysfunction. Future research should further explore the mechanisms underlying these protective effects.
Genetic Diversity Analysis and GWAS of Plant Height and Ear Height in Maize Inbred Lines from South-East China
Authors: Wang Changjin , He Wangfei , Li Keyu , Yu Yulin , Zhang Xueshi , Yang Shuo , Wang Yongfu , Yu Li , Huang Weidong , Yu Haibing , Chen Lei , Cheng Xinxin
Published: February 2025

Maize is a critical crop for food, feed, and bioenergy worldwide. This study characterized the genetic diversity and population structure of 212 important inbred lines collected from the Southeast China breeding program using the Maize6H-60K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. To investigate the genetic architecture of plant height (PH) and ear height (EH), genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed on this population in 2021 and 2022. Cluster analysis and population genetic structure analysis grouped the 212 maize inbred lines into 10 distinct categories. GWAS identified significant associations for PH, EH, and the EH/PH ratio. A total of 40 significant SNP (p < 8.55359 × 10−7) were detected, including nine associated with PH, with phenotypic variation explained (PVE) ranging from 3.42% to 25.92%. Additionally, 16 SNP were linked to EH, with PVE ranging from 2.49% to 38.49%, and 15 SNP were associated with the EH/PH ratio, showing PVE between 3.43% and 16.83%. Five stable SNP, identified across two or more environments, were further analyzed. Three of these SNP loci are reported for the first time in this study: two loci associated with the PH, AX-108020973, and AX-108022922, as well as one new locus, AX-108096437, which was significantly associated with the EH/PH ratio. Additionally, two other significant SNP (AX-247241325 and AX-108097244) were located within a 2 Mb range of previously identified QTL and/or related SNP. Within the 200 kb confidence intervals of these five stable SNP loci, 76 functionally annotated genes were identified. Further functional analysis indicated that 14 of these genes may play a role in regulating plant morphology, which is primarily involved in hormone synthesis, microtubule development, root growth, and cell division regulation. For instance, the homologous genes GRMZM2G375249 and GRMZM2G076029 in maize correspond to OsPEX1 in rice, a protein similar to extension proteins that are implicated in lignin biosynthesis, plant growth promotion, and the negative regulation of root growth through gibberellin-mediated pathways. The candidate gene corresponding to AX-108097244 is GRMZM2G464754; previous studies have reported its involvement in regulating EH in maize. These findings enhance the understanding of QTL associated with maize plant-type traits and provide a foundation for cloning PH, EH-related genes. Therefore, the results also support the development of functional markers for target genes and the breeding of improved maize varieties.
Adaptable Alchemy: Exploring the Flexibility of Specialized Metabolites to Environmental Perturbations Through Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs)
Authors: Cimmino Luca , Staiti Annalisa , Carputo Domenico , Docimo Teresa , D’Amelia Vincenzo , Aversano Riccardo
Published: February 2025

Plants are subjected to various stresses during the growth process, including biotic stresses, as well as abiotic stresses such as temperature, drought, salt, and heavy metals. To cope with these biotic and abiotic adversities, plants have evolved complex regulatory mechanisms during their long-term environmental adaptations. In a suddenly changing environment, protein modifiers target other proteins to induce post-translational modification (PTM) in order to maintain cell homeostasis and protein biological activity in plants. PTMs modulate the activity of enzymes and transcription factors in their respective metabolic pathways, enabling plants to produce essential compounds for their survival under stress conditions. Examples of post-translational mechanisms include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, acetylation, protein–protein interactions, and targeted protein degradation. Furthermore, the role of histone modifications in regulating secondary metabolism deserves attention due to its potential impact on heritability and its contribution to stress tolerance. Understanding the epigenetic aspect of these modifications can provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying stress response. In this context, also examining PTMs that impact the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites is meaningful. Secondary metabolites encompass a wide range of compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. These secondary metabolites play a crucial role in plant defense against herbivores, pathogens, and oxidative stress. In this context, it is imperative to understand the contribution of secondary metabolism to plant tolerance to abiotic stresses and how this understanding can be leveraged to improve long-term survival. While many studies have focused on the transcriptional regulation of these metabolites, there is a growing interest in understanding various changes in PTMs, such as acetylation, glycosylation, and phosphorylation, that are able to modulate plants’ response to environmental conditions. In conclusion, a comprehensive exploration of post-translational mechanisms in secondary metabolism can enhance our understanding of plant responses to abiotic stress. This knowledge holds promise for future applications in genetic improvement and breeding strategies aimed at increasing plant resilience to environmental challenges.
Genetic Basis of Seedling Root Traits in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Identified by Genome-Wide Linkage Mapping
Authors: Ma Xiaole , Wang Juncheng , Zhang Hong , Yao Lirong , Si Erjing , Li Baochun , Meng Yaxiong , Wang Huajun
Published: February 2025

Common wheat production is significantly influenced by abiotic stresses. Identifying the genetic loci for seedling root traits and developing the available molecular markers are crucial for breeding high yielding and stable varieties. In this study, five wheat seedling root traits, including root length (RL), root surface area (RA), root volume (RV), number of root tips (RT), and root dry weight (RW), were measured in the Wp-072/Wp-119 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Genotyping was conducted for the RIL population and their parents using the wheat 90K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip. In total, three quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for RL (QRL.gau-1DS, QRL.gau-1DL and QRL.gau-4AL), two QTLs for RA (QRA.gau-1D and QRA.gau-2DL), one locus for RV (QRV.gau-6AS), two loci for RW (QRW.gau-2DL and QRW.gau-2AS), and two loci for RT (QRT.gau-3AS and QRT.gau-6DL) were identified, with each explaining 4.5–8.4% of the phenotypic variances, respectively. Among these, QRT.gau-3AS, QRL.gau-4AL, and QRV.gau-6AS overlapped with the previous reports, whereas the other seven QTLs were novel. The favorable alleles of QRL.gau-1DS, QRL.gau-1DL, QRL.gau-4AL, QRA.gau-1D, QRW.gau-2AS, QRV.gau-6AS, QRT.gau-3AS, and QRT.gau-6DL were contributed by Wp-072, whereas the other two loci originated from Wp-119. Additionally, five kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers, KASP-RL-1DL for RL, KASP-RA-1D and KASP-RA-2DL for RA, KASP-RW-2AS and KASP-RW-2DL for RW, were developed and validated successfully in 149 wheat accessions. Furthermore, seven candidate genes mainly for plant hormones were selected and validated by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study provides new loci, new candidate genes, available KASP markers, and varieties for optimizing wheat root system architecture.
Flow and Corrosion Analysis of CO2 Injection Wells: A Case Study of the Changqing Oilfield CCUS Project
Authors: Lv Wei , Liang Tongyao , Lu Cheng , Li Mingxing , Zhou Pei , Yu Xing , Wang Bin , Wang Haizhu
Published: February 2025

In carbon dioxide capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology, CO2 flooding and storage is currently the most effective geological storage method and the flow law of the gas injection wellbore is the key to achieving safe and efficient CO2 injection. The existing wellbore flow model lacks research on the corrosion law. To this end, this paper established a gas injection wellbore flow-heat transfer-corrosion coupling model based on the actual situation of Huang 3 District of the CCUS Demonstration Base of Changqing Oilfield. The field measured data verification showed that the relative average error of the model in predicting pressure and temperature was less than 7.5% and the R2 of the predicted value and the measured value was greater than 0.99. The model was used for sensitivity analysis to evaluate the effects of different gas injection temperatures (15–55 °C), pressures (15–55 MPa), displacements (10–500 t/d) and CO2 contents (50–100%) on wellbore temperature, pressure and corrosion rate, and the wellbore flow law under different gas injection conditions was clarified. The results show that the wellbore temperature, pressure and corrosion rate are significantly affected by gas injection parameters. The wellbore temperature increases with the increase of gas injection temperature and decreases with the increase of gas injection displacement. The wellbore pressure is positively correlated with the gas injection pressure and CO2 content and the gas injection temperature and displacement have little effect on the pressure. The corrosion rate increases with the increase of gas injection temperature and displacement and decreases with the increase of gas injection pressure. In the wellbore, it shows a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with depth. The wellbore corrosion rate is affected by many factors. Reasonable adjustment of gas injection parameters (lowering temperature, increasing pressure, controlling displacement and CO2 content) can effectively slow down the wellbore corrosion loss. The research results can provide a theoretical basis for the optimization of gas injection system.
Playful Pulpits: Exploring Multicultural Preaching Practices Through the Lens of Theology of Play
Authors: Kim Namjoong
Published: February 2025

This article explores the symbiotic relationship between the theology of play and preaching in diverse cultural contexts. Through a comprehensive examination of the nature of play from various scholarly perspectives, it serves as a bridge connecting individuals across varied cultural backgrounds. Delving into the theological foundations of play and its integration into preaching practices, this article articulates its transformative potential in multicultural congregations. The article also examines practical strategies to infuse a playful dimension into sermons, encompassing both their outward structure and internal content. Through exemplifying instances of playful preaching in multicultural contexts, this paper illustrates how incorporating play can significantly enhance the effectiveness of sermons. Addressing challenges linked to this approach, the discussion underscores the paramount importance of multicultural sensitivity. The article advocates for an inclusive preaching style that not only acknowledges but also celebrates the diversity present within congregations during the event of preaching. By framing preaching as a manifestation of play and incorporating the defining characteristics of play into sermons, the article prompts thoughtful reflection on the evolving role and function of preaching in multicultural contexts. Consequently, this will prompt preachers to reassess their roles and purposes within culturally diverse congregational settings. Furthermore, this article presents the collaborative nature of preaching, where both preacher and congregation actively engage in shaping meaning together, as creating a playful pulpit that fosters an interactive and transformative preaching experience.
A Rare and Challenging Ectopic Variceal Hemorrhage: A Case Report
Authors: Pavel Christopher , Plotogea Oana Mihaela , Rinja Ecaterina Mihaela , Bogu Cosmin-Viorel , Turcescu Andrei
Published: February 2025

Background and Clinical Significance: Ectopic variceal bleeding is a rare, but regrettably life-threatening, complication of hepatic cirrhosis. There is no standardized approach to this life-threatening event due to the absence of randomized controlled trials. Prompt identification of the bleeding site is crucial for timely hemostasis using endoscopic, radiologic or surgical methods. Case presentation: Throughout this paper, we present the case of a 52-year-old patient with decompensated alcoholic cirrhosis, who was admitted for melena. Upper and lower endoscopy failed to identify the source of bleeding. Ultimately, an evaluation with endoscopic capsule identified ileal varices. The patient was referred to surgery and the outcome was successful. We approached the diagnostic and therapeutic arsenals in managing ectopic varices. Conclusions: Although ectopic variceal bleeding has a substantial potential for fatal outcomes, prompt intervention in a multidisciplinary team could be the key for patient salvation.
Soil Texture, Soil Moisture, and Sentinel-1 Backscattering: Towards the Retrieval of Field-Scale Soil Hydrological Properties
Authors: Stanyer Claire , Seco-Rizo Irene , Atzberger Clement , Marti-Cardona Belen
Published: February 2025

Monitoring soil moisture (SM) on individual crop fields is of great interest for agricultural applications. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems such as Sentinel-1 provide sensitivity to surface SM at a spatial resolution compatible with crop-field monitoring. Different algorithms have been proposed to relate SAR backscattering to SM, yet most overlook soil texture as a modulating factor. This study investigated the influence of soil texture, closely related to soil hydrological properties, on the relationship between Sentinel-1 C-band backscattering and surface SM using extensive data from the agricultural sites of the COSMOS-UK monitoring network. Our results evidenced the semi-empirical first-order relationship between SM and field-averaged VV backscattering, and found that the gradient of their linear regression was indicative of soil texture. For instance, in sandy loam soil the S1 response showed high sensitivity to SM with a change of 1.69% SM per dB; this compared with the lower sensitivity of a clayey soil at a change of 4.81% SM per dB. These findings lay the ground for the retrieval of field-scale soil hydrological properties from backscatter temporal patterns, when used in synergy with rainfall data and process-based soil-moisture models.
Neonatal Electroencephalogram Recording with a Dry Electrode Cap: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Asayesh Amirreza , Warsito Indhika Fauzhan , Haueisen Jens , Fiedler Patrique , Vanhatalo Sampsa
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the feasibility of a dry electrode cap design for neonatal electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. Recordings on a phantom and a real infant are compared between a novel dry electrode cap and a clinically used gel-based electrode cap. The phantom recordings included measuring both the electrode contact force and the signal quality during still and respiration-like head motion. The real infant recordings were assessed for the EEG signals’ spectral characteristics, including powerline interference. Compared to gel-based caps, the dry caps showed a largely comparable skin force, an expectedly greater sensitivity to motion-induced artifacts, and a slightly lower powerline interference. Recordings on the real infant showed no significant skin marks after using the dry electrode, and the spectral compositions were comparable between dry- and gel-based electrode caps. These findings suggest that neonatal EEG recordings with a dry electrode cap are technically feasible, but movement-related artifacts, such as respiration in a supine lying infant, may challenge long-term recordings of spontaneous EEG activity. Yet, the ease of use of dry electrode caps calls for future studies to define the optimal use case in neonatal recordings.
A Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction Method Based on Personalized Lightweight Federated Learning
Authors: Dai Guowen , Tang Jinjun
Published: February 2025

Traffic flow prediction can guide the rational layout of land use. Accurate traffic flow prediction can provide an important basis for urban expansion planning. This paper introduces a personalized lightweight federated learning framework (PLFL) for traffic flow prediction. This framework has been improved and enhanced to better accommodate traffic flow data. It is capable of collaboratively training a unified global traffic flow prediction model without compromising the privacy of individual datasets. Specifically, a spatiotemporal fusion graph convolutional network (MGTGCN) is established as the initial model for federated learning. Subsequently, a shared parameter mechanism of federated learning is employed for model training. Customized weights are allocated to each client model based on their data features to enhance personalization during this process. In order to improve the communication efficiency of federated learning, dynamic model pruning (DMP) is introduced on the client side to reduce the number of parameters that need to be communicated. Finally, the PLFL framework proposed in this paper is experimentally validated using LPR data from Changsha city. The results demonstrate that the framework can still achieve favorable prediction outcomes even when certain clients lack data. Moreover, the communication efficiency of federated learning under this framework has been enhanced while preserving the distinct characteristics of each client, without significant interference from other clients.
Effects of Gait Rehabilitation Robot Combined with Electrical Stimulation on Spinal Cord Injury Patients’ Blood Pressure
Authors: Sato Takahiro , Kimura Ryota , Kasukawa Yuji , Kudo Daisuke , Hatakeyama Kazutoshi , Watanabe Motoyuki , Takahashi Yusuke , Okura Kazuki , Suda Tomohiro , Miyamoto Daido , Iwami Takehiro , Miyakoshi Naohisa
Published: February 2025

Background: Orthostatic hypotension can occur during acute spinal cord injury (SCI) and subsequently persist. We investigated whether a gait rehabilitation robot combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES) stabilizes hemodynamics during orthostatic stress in SCI. Methods: Six intermediate-phase SCI patients (five males and one female; mean age: 49.5 years; four with quadriplegia and two with paraplegia) participated. The participants underwent robotic training (RT), with a gait rehabilitation robot combined with FES, and tilt table training (TT). Hemodynamics were monitored using a laser Doppler flowmeter for the earlobe blood flow (EBF) and non-invasive blood pressure measurements. The EBF over time and the resting and exercise blood pressures were compared between each session. Adverse events were also evaluated. Results: The EBF change decreased in TT but increased in RT at the 0.5-min slope (p = 0.03). Similarly, the pulse rate change increased in TT but decreased in RT at the 1-min slope (p = 0.03). Systolic and mean blood pressures were slightly higher in RT than in TT but not significantly (p = 0.35; 0.40). No adverse events occurred in RT, but two TT sessions were incomplete due to dizziness. Conclusions: RT with FES can reduce symptoms during orthostatic stress in intermediate-phase SCI. Future studies require a larger number of cases to generalize this study.
Enhancing Route Guidance with Integrated V2X Communication and Transportation Systems: A Review
Authors: Alabdouli Halah , Hassan Mohamed S. , Abdelfatah Akmal
Published: February 2025

Due to its anticipated impacts on the performance of transportation systems, intelligent transport systems (ITS) have emerged as one of the most extensively investigated topics. The U.S. Department of Transportation has defined route guidance systems (RGSs) as one of the main categories within ITS. Systems like these are essential components when managing travel and transportation. While RGSs play a pivotal role in both present and future transportation, there has been limited research on evaluating the effectiveness and dependability of integrating them with vehicular communication frameworks. Therefore, this paper aims to evaluate the RGS architectures proposed to date in the literature, providing comparisons and classifications based on their structures and requirements for communication systems. Moreover, it explores existing, next generation, as well as prospective choices for V2X communication technologies, evaluating how well they contribute to the development of RGS applications by integrating them with potential communication systems. Specifically, this study assesses the suitability of communication technologies in meeting the requirements of RGS applications. In conclusion, it suggests a framework for integrating RGS and V2X systems and offers directions for future research in this area.
Mapping One Decade of Identity Studies: A Comprehensive Bibliometric Analysis of Global Trends and Scholarly Impact
Authors: Ismail Ahmad , Munsi Hardiyanti , Yusuf Andi Muhammad , Hijjang Pawennari
Published: February 2025

This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of identity studies over the past decade, focusing on global trends and scholarly impact. Identity is defined as a dynamic concept that reflects how individuals and groups construct their sense of self within diverse social, cultural, and political contexts. Using the Scopus database, this research analyzed 18,399 publications from 2013 to 2024, spanning multiple disciplines such as sociology, anthropology, and digital cultural studies. This study identified leading authors, collaboration patterns, and thematic evolutions within identity research, highlighted through citation analysis and network visualization. The findings reveal significant contributions from Western countries, particularly the United States and the United Kingdom, in shaping the global discourse on identity. Key topics frequently explored include social identity, cultural identity, and the influence of globalization. Additionally, emerging themes such as identity in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and racial disparities are highlighted. This bibliometric analysis provides insights into global collaboration, research productivity, and the intellectual contributions of prominent scholars. Utilizing R software and the Bibliometric package, this study offers a deep understanding of the dynamics of identity research and suggests future directions to further explore the formation, negotiation, and expression of identity in an increasingly globalized world.
The Impact of Micro-Nanoplastics on Mitochondria in the Context of Diet and Diet-Related Diseases
Authors: Silva Mónica G. , Oliveira Maria Manuel , Peixoto Francisco
Published: February 2025

Pollution by emerging contaminants, such as micro-nanoplastics, alongside the exponential prevalence of diet-related diseases like obesity and type 2 diabetes, poses significant concerns for modern societies. There is an urgent need to explore the synergistic effects of these two factors, as unhealthy lifestyles may increase disease susceptibility and amplify the harmful impacts of pollutants on human health. Mitochondria play a crucial role in both micro-nanoplastic-induced toxicity and in the pathogenesis of obesity and type 2 diabetes. This makes them a potential target for assessing the combined effects of micro-nanoplastic exposure and poor dietary habits. To address this issue, we conducted a review of the latest investigations evaluating the effects of micro-nanoplastics in the presence of unhealthy diets. Although the evidence is limited, the reviewed studies indicate that these particles may exacerbate common metabolic disturbances associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes: elevated fasting blood glucose and insulin levels, glucose intolerance, and insulin resistance. Some studies have identified mitochondrial dysfunction as a potential underlying mechanism driving these effects. Thus, mitochondria appear to be a key link between micro-nanoplastic exposure and diet-related diseases. Assessing the function of this organelle may allow a more fitted risk assessment of the potential impacts of micro-nanoplastics.