bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Restructuring for relevance: a paradigm shift for academic libraries
Authors: Raju Reggie , Claassen Jill , Adam Amina , DAngelo Alexander , Keraan Sadiq , Mostert Niel , Vonk Saskia
Published: April 2018

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to report on the development of a flexible and robust academic library structure that meets the demands of an ever changing user community and remains relevant and fit for purpose in a technology-driven age. The new structure makes provision for the delivery of new and innovative services responding to the need for a paradigm shift in twenty-first century academic librarianship. The move away from subject librarianship, which has been the bastion of South African academic librarianship, is significant.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper used the exploratory method to gain new insights into library structures that have restructured for the twenty-first century. The exploratory study was used to gain new insights into functional librarianship. Despite the short comings of the exploratory method, the method was deemed most appropriate as UCT Libraries was not seeking definitive answers but a process that would provide opportunities to explore possibilities for subsequent processes.

Findings

The move from subject librarianship to functional librarianship has given the library the opportunity to restructure. The restructured library can now offer new and/or radically expanded services to meet the demands of a twenty-first century academic library.

Practical implications

The development of new and future roles and responsibilities commensurate with a robust and “future-driven” structure will consolidate the library’s role as a collaborator in the teaching and learning, and research agendas of a higher education institution.

Originality/value

This paper will be of interest and value to library managers and staff wanting to develop a library structure that responds positively to the redefinition of the professional roles and functions of the library and to strategically position the academic library for the future. It will also be of interest to library and information science academics who may want to re-examine their curricula for the incorporation of new trends.
Exploring attitudes related to sweetened soft drinks consumption among adults in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Benajiba Nada , Eldib Rokkaya Sami
Published: April 2018

Purpose

Soft drinks consumption in Saudi Arabia is high, although these drinks are nutritionally poor and might lead to various health problems. This paper aims to assess sweetened soft drinks consumption patterns among adult Saudis and explore the association between different attitudes and these patterns.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 1,194 eligible Saudi adults answered an online questionnaire including soft drinks consumption patterns (frequency of consumption and quantity) and attitudes influencing them. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Pearson test was used to assess the association of attitudes with frequency of sweetened soft drinks consumption. A p-value of <0.05 was set as the significance cut-off.

Findings

Sixteen per cent of participants consumed sweetened soft drinks either daily or usually. Frequency and quantity of consumption were significantly and positively associated (R2 = 0.4, p < 0.0001). The highest correlations were obtained between frequency of consumption and positive attitudes towards perceiving sweetened soft drinks as enjoyable, value for money and indispensable at eating (R2 = 0.55; 0.43 and 0.6, respectively, p < 0.0001). Average score in different attitudes was significantly lower frequency of consumption “never” compared to “always” (p < 0.001) (Healthy: 1 vs 1.9, Enjoyable: 1.5 vs 4.4, value for money: 1.7 vs 3.9, indispensable at eating: 1.1 vs 4.0 and social gathering: 1.2 vs 3.8, respectively).

Research limitations/implications

Main limitation of this study relates to the sampling technique through a snowballing, which could influence on the representativeness of the study population.

Originality/value

Findings advance the understanding on the high consumption of sweetened soft drinks among Saudis, making an emphasis on the complexity of this dietary pattern and the importance of different attitudes influencing on it. Thus, changing this pattern implies a global strategy to reduce both frequency and quantity of consumption.
Perceptions towards a healthy diet among a sample of university people in Portugal
Authors: Ferrão Ana Cristina , Guiné Raquel P.F. , Correia Paula , Ferreira Manuela , Cardoso Ana Paula , Duarte João , Lima João
Published: April 2018

Purpose

A healthy diet has been recognized as one of the most important factors associated with maintaining human health and helping in preventing the development of some chronic diseases. Therefore, this paper aims to study the perceptions of a sample of university people regarding a healthy diet.

Design/methodology/approach

It was undertaken a descriptive cross-sectional study on a non-probabilistic sample of 382 participants. The data were collected among a sample of Portuguese university people and measured whether people’s perceptions were compliant with a healthy diet.

Findings

The results revealed that the participants’ perceptions were, in general, compliant with a healthy diet (scores between 0.5 and 1.5, on a scale from −2 to +2). However, significant differences were found between age groups (p = 0.004), with a higher average score for young adults, and also between groups with different levels of education (p = 0.025), with a higher score for university degree. The variable chronic diseases also showed significant differences (p = 0.017), so that people who did not have any chronic diseases obtained a higher score.

Originality/value

This study is considered important because it provides evidences about the relation between nutrition knowledge and the perceptions towards a healthy diet. The study allowed concluding that the participants were aware about some nutritional aspects of their diets and, therefore, their perceptions were compliant with a healthy diet. This finding is very relevant because it could be a support for health policy initiatives directed at promoting healthy eating behaviours.
Competing with the grey market: Puzey and Payne in Zimbabwe
Authors: Simba Amon , Smith David J. , Dube Tatenda
Published: April 2018

Synopsis

The case study analyses competition in the automobile industry in Zimbabwe, a developing economy. From that perspective, it discusses Puzey and Payne’s business operations; a company with a long-standing history in the country’s automobile industry. Since its establishment during the Colonial era, the company endured a prolonged period of rapid car and spare parts sales decline in 2012. Following a management buyout deal in 2013, the decline in sales proved to be its real dilemma and it required strategic decisions to diffuse the impact of the “grey markets”. Government policies added to the company’s problems.

Research methodology

The case study follows a qualitative research approach. Information about Puzey and Payne’s business operations was gathered from archived materials, through qualitative conversations as well as company artefacts. Published materials in newspapers and magazines were used to provide background information.

Relevant courses and levels

The case study is appropriate for both undergraduate and postgraduate students studying International Business Management.
Under Armour: repositioning for the global stage
Authors: James Constance R. , Whitney Keith
Published: April 2018

Synopsis

Over the last two decades, Under Armour (UA) has emerged from being the “underdog” in the sports apparel and footwear industry to being a leader in the industry, with a fierce attention to performance and great skill at picking up-and-coming athletes who emerge as superstars. This case underscores its administrative heritage, competitive strategy, and growth potential as a global player in a highly competitive industry. It addresses the tension between being a performance brand while launching lines for women vs technology applications and conflicts between its growth strategy and macro-economic forces. It highlights areas in which it has succeeded against macro-economic forces and where it has not.

Research methodology

The research relies primarily on secondary sources and countless studies of UA and its major competitors. Primary research is based on databases, videos of UA’s Chief Executive Officer, Kevin Plank, and articles from Bloomberg to The Baltimore Sun (UA’s headquarters) on the history, growth and future of UA. It also includes observations and site visits to one of its signature brand house stores as well as intensive research and directed studies with students in the USA and China.

Relevant courses and levels

The case can be applied to undergraduate, graduate or executive business classes in: business policy and strategy; general management; (sports) marketing; leadership or organisational behaviour classes.
The Case for a Participation Income: Acknowledging and Valuing the Diversity of Social Participation
Authors: Hiilamo Heikki , Komp Kathrin
Published: April 2018

Anthony Atkinson's idea of a participation income draws attention to the various ways in which people contribute to society. Current discussions on social participation go beyond paid work to include volunteering, education, and caregiving to kin. With the idea of the participation income, various forms of contribution can be highlighted and acknowledged. This article investigates how the idea of a participation income is reflected in Danish, Finnish, German and Dutch social policies. It shows that different elements of a participation income are incorporated in active labour market policies: Denmark adopted a narrow focus on paid work; Finland seeks tailor‐made solutions for the long‐term unemployed; Germany reformed many policy areas to achieve a better activation; and the Netherlands acknowledges a wide range of social participation forms. These country differences highlight that governments can adapt the idea of a participation income to achieve the focus they desire.
Addressing Uncertainty in Efficient Mitigation of Agricultural Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Eory Vera , Topp Cairistiona F. E. , Butler Adam , Moran Dominic
Published: April 2018

The agricultural sector, as an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, is under pressure to reduce its contribution to climate change. Decisions on financing and regulating agricultural GHG mitigation are often informed by cost‐effectiveness analysis of the potential GHG reduction in the sector. A commonly used tool for such analysis is the bottom‐up marginal abatement cost curve (MACC) which assesses mitigation options and calculates their cumulative cost‐effective mitigation potential. MACCs are largely deterministic, typically not reflecting uncertainties in underlying input variables. We analyse the uncertainty of GHG mitigation estimates in a bottom‐up MACC for agriculture, for those uncertainties capable of quantitative assessment. Our analysis identifies the sources and types of uncertainties in the cost‐effectiveness analysis and estimates the statistical uncertainty of the results by propagating uncertainty through the MACC via Monte Carlo analysis. For the case of Scottish agriculture, the uncertainty of the cost‐effective abatement potential from agricultural land, as expressed by the coefficient of variation, was between 9.6% and 107.3% across scenarios. This means that the probability of the actual abatement being less than half of the estimated abatement ranged from <1% (in the scenario with lowest uncertainty) to 32% (in the scenario with highest uncertainty). The main contributors to uncertainty are the adoption rate and abatement rate. While most mitigation options appear to be ‘win–win’ under some scenarios, many have a high probability of switching between being cost‐ineffective and cost‐effective.
Design Factors Influencing Willingness‐to‐Pay Estimates in the Becker‐DeGroot‐Marschak (BDM) Mechanism and the Non‐hypothetical Choice Experiment: A Case of Biofortified Maize in Zambia
Authors: Hamukwala Priscilla , Oparinde Adewale , Binswanger‐Mkhize Hans Peter , Kirsten Johann
Published: April 2018

Two of the experimental methods used to estimate willingness‐to‐pay (WTP) for a non‐market good, the Becker‐DeGroot‐Marschak (BDM) mechanism and the non‐hypothetical choice experiment (nHCE) often lead to significantly different WTP estimates, complicating the choice between the methods. In Zambia the same group of researchers used both techniques to evaluate WTP for orange maize, which provides more vitamin A than other varieties. This provided an opportunity to analyse the sources of the difference. In the BDM experiment, one group of respondents was provided with more training opportunities than the other, and made higher bids. Accounting for lexicographic behaviour in the nHCE reduced the estimated WTP. These two design factors together resulted in a decrease in the WTP difference for orange maize (1,279–632 ZMK) although the difference remains statistically significant. More training was also shown to eliminate the effects of different orders in which maize varieties were presented.
The Cloaked Self: Professional Decloaking and its Implications for Human Engagement in Nursing
Authors: Sheerin Fintan
Published: April 2018

PURPOSE

Much of our practice as nurses is predicated on the development of a trusting relationship between patient and nurse. Through this, the nurse and patient can identify the issues which are challenging health, the desired outcomes of care and the interventions that will be enacted, by both parties, in order to achieve these outcomes. Often, though, both nurses and patients find it difficult to put aside the relative roles that they play in health care and the level of engagement that is possible may not be achieved.

METHODS

In this theoretical paper, I will explore the importance of human engagement to nursing practice, drawing, in a reflective and personal manner, on experiences gained throughout my 30 years of providing nursing service.

CONCLUSIONS

Human engagement is central to the practice of nursing, but if engagement is to be valid, it must involve a dialogic transaction between the nurse and patient such that both parties are changed and there is a commitment to journey together, as humans, in the hope of finding positive outcomes for both.

PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS

In a time of increasing tendency to build boundaries between people and communities, it is imperative that nursing does not lose its most essential quality: the coming together of human beings in dialogic engagement.
The vaginal microbiome amplifies sex hormone‐associated cyclic changes in cervicovaginal inflammation and epithelial barrier disruption
Authors: Bradley Frideborg , Birse Kenzie , Hasselrot Klara , Noël‐Romas Laura , Introini Andrea , Wefer Hugo , Seifert Maike , Engstrand Lars , Tjernlund Annelie , Broliden Kristina , Burgener Adam D.
Published: April 2018

Problem

Susceptibility to HIV is associated with the menstrual cycle and vaginal microbiome, but their collective impact on vaginal inflammation remains unclear. Here, we characterized the cervicovaginal proteome, inflammation, and microbiome community structure and function during the menstrual cycle.

Method of study

Cervicovaginal secretions were collected from regularly cycling women (n = 16) at median day 10, 16, and 24 of each menstrual cycle and analyzed by mass spectrometry, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and a multiplex bead array immunoassay. Follicular, ovulatory, and luteal phases were defined by serum sex hormone levels.

Results

Ovulation showed the largest mucosal proteome changes, where 30% and 19% of the 406 human proteins identified differed compared to the luteal and follicular phases, respectively. Neutrophil/leukocyte migration pathways were lowest during ovulation and peaked in the luteal phase, while antimicrobial and epithelial barrier promoting proteins were highest during ovulation. Vaginal microbial community structure and function did not vary significantly during the menstrual cycle, with the majority consistently Lactobacillus‐dominant (63%) or non‐Lactobacillus‐dominant (25%). Fluctuations in the epithelial barrier protein RPTN between the ovulatory and luteal phase were amplified in women with Gardnerella vaginalis and anaerobic bacteria and reduced when Lactobacillus was dominant.

Conclusion

This small study demonstrates that sex hormones modulate neutrophil/leukocyte inflammation, barrier function, and antimicrobial pathways in the female genital tract with the strongest changes occurring during ovulation. The data further suggest a microbiome context for hormone‐driven changes in vaginal immunity which may have implications for HIV susceptibility.
17OHP‐C in patients with spontaneous preterm labor and intact membranes: is there an effect according to the presence of intra‐amniotic inflammation?
Authors: Yoneda Satoshi , Yoneda Noriko , Shiozaki Arihiro , Yoshino Osamu , Ueno Tomohiro , Niimi Hideki , Kitajima Isao , Tamura Kentaro , Kawasaki Yukako , Makimoto Masami , Yoshida Taketoshi , Saito Shigeru
Published: April 2018

Problem

It is not known whether 17‐alpha‐hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17OHP‐C) is effective for preventing preterm delivery with an episode of preterm labor (PTL) with or without intra‐amniotic inflammation/infection.

Methods of study

This was a retrospective cohort study. One hundred and seven PTL patients were selected and divided into a 17OHP‐C group (use of 17OHP‐C: n = 53) and a no‐treatment group (no use of 17OHP‐C: n = 54). Moreover, the patients were divided into three subgroups (subgroup A: without intra‐amniotic inflammation, B: with mild intra‐amniotic inflammation, and C: with severe intra‐amniotic inflammation) according to their level of amniotic interleukin (IL)‐8, and perinatal prognosis was analyzed.

Results

Interval from admission to delivery (days) in the 17OHP‐C group (76 [13‐126], n = 34) was significantly longer than that in the no‐treatment group (50 [8‐104], n = 33; P = .012) in subgroup B. In cases without intra‐amniotic microbes in subgroup B, a significant prolongation of gestational days was associated with the 17OHP‐C group (79 [13‐126], n = 25) compared with the no‐treatment group (50 [8‐104], n = 29; P = .029). However, there were no significant differences in subgroups A or C.

Conclusion

17OHP‐C could prolong gestational period in limited PTL cases with sterile mild intra‐amniotic inflammation.
Combined effect of apigenin and ferulic acid on frozen‐thawed boar sperm quality
Authors: Pei Yifei , Yang Li , Wu Lin , He Huanshan , Geng Guoxia , Xu Dejun , Chen Huali , Li Qingwang
Published: April 2018

The main aim of the present study was to evaluate the cryoprotective effect of apigenin (AP) and ferulic acid (FA) on boar sperm during cryopreservation. AP and FA were both demonstrated to be high‐efficiency antioxidants and had not previously been used to protect sperm from cryodamage. As boar sperm is sensitive to oxidative stress, suitable antioxidants are still needed for improving frozen‐thawed sperm quality. With this purpose, semen samples coming from five boars were used in this study. Ejaculates of five boars were mixed and split into 16 aliquots, in which different doses of AP and FA were added separately or together. The motility, the plasma membrane integrity, the mitochondrial activity, the acrosomal integrity, the antioxidase activities and the malondialdehyde concentration of the frozen‐thawed boar sperm were assessed. The results suggested that both AP and FA significantly improved the frozen‐thawed boar sperm quality in all these aspects when they were added to the freezing extender separately, while the highest improvement was recorded when the extender was supplemented with 0.1 mmol/L AP plus 0.15 mmol/L FA. These findings demonstrated that supplementation of freezing extender with both AP and FA had a combined, beneficial effect on frozen‐thawed boar sperm.
Effect of supplemental dietary slow‐release urea on growth performance and physiological status of dairy heifers
Authors: Zhang Jiaojiao , Qiu Qiang , Shang Zhanhuan , Liu Shujie , Degen Allan , Li Shanshan , Yan Qi , Wang Weiwei , Jing Xiaoping , Bai Yanfu , Ding Luming
Published: April 2018

We examined the effect of supplemental dietary slow‐release urea on the growth performance and physiological status of 16 dairy Holstein heifers (10 months of age, 322 ± 10 kg). The heifers were offered a formulated isocaloric and isonitrogenous 70:30 roughage : concentrate ration and were assigned randomly to one of four levels of slow‐release urea supplementation (0% [U0], 1% [U1], 1.5% [U1.5] and 2% [U2] dry matter [DM]). The total study lasted 95 days, which included a 20 days adaptation period. Dry matter intake (DMI) of U2 was lower than the intakes of U0 and U1 (p < .05), while average daily gains (ADG) of U1 and U1.5 were higher than U0 and U2 (p < .05). Rumen volatile fatty acids concentration did not differ among the four treatments, while ammonia nitrogen concentration increased with an increase in urea level (p < .05). Serum blood urea nitrogen concentration was lower in U1.5 than in U0 and U2 while serum free fatty acids concentration in U2 was higher than in the other three treatments (p < .05). We concluded that the addition of urea at a level of 1.5 to 2.0% DM resulted in a reduction in DMI but the addition of 1.0%–1.5% urea resulted in the highest ADG, with no negative effects on rumen fermentation and health status of the calves.
Comparative proteomic analysis of hypothalamus tissue from Huoyan geese between pre‐laying period and laying period using an iTRAQ‐based approach
Authors: Cao Zhongzan , Fan Ruiming , Meng Bo , Xing Zhe , Liu Mei , Gao Ming , Luan Xinhong
Published: April 2018

The hypothalamus plays a central role in controlling poultry endocrine and reproductive activities. So far there is limited information focused on the proteome profiles of the hypothalamus from geese during different stages of the egg‐laying cycle. In order to identify proteins regulating the egg‐laying process of Huoyan geese, we investigated the proteome profiles of the hypothalamus from Huoyan geese during the laying period and pre‐laying period by applying an isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)‐based proteomic technology. A total number of 3,337 were identified and quantified, of which 18 were significantly up‐regulated and 16 were significantly down‐regulated. These differentially expressed proteins were subjected to bioinformatics analyses based on the Gene Ontology annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway. Some of these were revealed to be involved in hormone and neurotransmitter secretion, exocytosis, calcium ion transport and synaptic transmission. Subsequently, excitatory amino acid transporter 2, complexin‐1 and inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate receptor, type 3 were confirmed at the messenger RNA level using quantitative real‐time RT‐PCR. Then, the abundance change of these proteins was verified further using Western blotting analysis. These data may aid in elucidating the molecular mechanism of higher laying performance in Huoyan geese.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in a Clydesdale gelding
Authors: Cullimore AM , Lester GD , Secombe CJ , Campbell K
Published: April 2018

Case report

A 7‐year‐old Clydesdale gelding was referred with a history of progressive lethargy and ventral oedema. The horse developed diarrhoea after treatment with antibiotics by the referring veterinarian. History, clinical signs, imaging and laboratory findings were consistent with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy complicated by antibiotic‐associated colitis. Progression of clinical signs prompted euthanasia and the antemortem diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was confirmed at postmortem examination.

Conclusion

Primary HCM is reported as rare in horses, but specific descriptions are lacking. The history, clinical, laboratory and postmortem findings in this case supported a diagnosis of HCM, complicated by antibiotic‐associated colitis.
Health worker migration and migrant healthcare: Seeking cosmopolitanism in the NHS
Authors: Shahvisi Arianne
Published: April 2018

The U.K.'s National Health Service (NHS) is critically reliant on staff from overseas, which means that a sizeable number of U.K. healthcare professionals have received their training at the cost of other states, whose populations are urgently in need of healthcare professionals. At the same time, while healthcare is widely seen as a primary good, many migrants are unable to access the NHS without charge, and anti‐immigration political trends are likely to further reduce that access. Both of these topics have received close attention in the global health ethics literature. In this article, I make the novel move of suggesting that these two seemingly disparate issues should be folded into the same moral narrative. The ‘brain drain’ upon which the NHS and its users depend derives from the same gradient of wealth, security, and opportunity that produces migrants who require the NHS. I endorse moral cosmopolitanism as a lens for understanding patients' right to healthcare regardless of nationality or immigration status. I argue that the NHS in its current formulation effectively enacts a partial cosmopolitanism in its reliance on medical workers from abroad, but could more meaningfully instantiate that cosmopolitanism were it to offer the same healthcare to migrants as it does to citizens.
Writing and iPads in the early years: Perspectives from within the classroom
Authors: Dunn Jill , Sweeney Tony
Published: April 2018

Writing is a complex and effortful activity and recent surveys indicate that fewer children are enjoying writing or engaging in writing outside of school. Yet compositional writing is a part of the primary curriculum and is an essential part of education. This small‐scale international study aimed to garner the views of primary school teachers and children on using iPads in teaching compositional writing and how this writing differed from using paper and pencils. Three teachers and classes of primary school children in Northern Ireland and in the Republic of Ireland participated in the study. Individual interviews with the teachers, focus groups with the children and child‐led virtual tours of the iPad were all used to gather perspectives. All participants reported on the benefits of using iPads to teach compositional writing. These included fun and enjoyment, greater choice and creativity, the value of multimodal communication and assistance with spelling. However, all participants also advocated a balanced approach to the teaching of compositional writing.
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of structurally constrained hybrid analogues containing ropinirole moiety as a novel class of potent and selective dopamine D3 receptor ligands
Authors: Zhou Benhua , Hong Kwon Ho , Ji Min , Cai Jin
Published: April 2018

Two series of hybrid analogues were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as a novel class of selective ligands for the dopamine D3 receptor. Binding affinities of target compounds were determined (using the method of radioligand binding assay). Compared to comparator agent BP897, compounds 2a and 2c were found to demonstrate a considerable binding affinity and selectivity for D3 receptor, and especially compound 2h was similarly potent and more selective D3R ligand than BP897, a positive reference. Thus, they may provide valuable information for the discovery and development of highly potent dopamine D3 receptor ligands with outstanding selectivity.
Learning and Socializing Preferences in Hong Kong Chinese Children
Authors: Chen Eva E. , Corriveau Kathleen H. , Lai Veronica K.W. , Poon Sze Long , Gaither Sarah E.
Published: April 2018

The impact of social group information on the learning and socializing preferences of Hong Kong Chinese children were examined. Specifically, the degree to which variability in racial out‐group exposure affects children's use of race to make decisions about unfamiliar individuals (Chinese, White, Southeast Asian) was investigated. Participants (N = 212; Mage = 60.51 months) chose functions for novel objects after informants demonstrated their use; indicated with which peer group member to socialize; and were measured on racial group recognition, preference, and identification. Overall, children preferred in‐group members, though out‐group exposure and the relative social status of out‐groups mattered as well. At a young age, children's specific experiences with different races influence how they learn and befriend others across racial group lines.
Intellectual disability in cerebral palsy: a multifaceted epidemiology
Authors: Sigurdardottir Solveig
Published: April 2018

This commentary is on the original article by Reid et al. on pages 687–694 of this issue.
Early intervention for everyone? A review of cross‐cultural issues and their treatment in ultra‐high‐risk (UHR) cohorts
Authors: Deriu Valentina , Moro Marie Rose , Benoit Laelia
Published: April 2018

Aim

Over the past 20 years, early management of psychosis has become both a research and policy priority. In Western countries, psychotic disorders appear more prevalent in migrant and minority ethnic groups than in native or dominant groups. Moreover, disparities exist in health conditions and access to care among immigrants and minority ethnic groups, compared with native‐born and majority groups. Appropriate early detection tools are necessary for the different groups.

Methods

This systematic review provides a synthesis of the assessment and discussion of transcultural issues in ultra‐high‐risk (UHR) cohorts. The Medline database was searched via PubMed for peer‐reviewed articles published in English from 1995 to 2017. All 79 studies included are prospective UHR cohort studies that used the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States (CAARMS).

Results

In UHR cohort studies that used the CAARMS, transcultural data (native language, ethnicity, place of birth, migration) are rarely collected, and inadequate ability to speak the dominant language is a common exclusion criterion. When they are included, the CAARMS scores differ between some minorities and the native‐born majority group.

Conclusions

This systematic review demonstrates barriers to the access to participation in early intervention research for migrants and ethnic minorities. This selection bias may result in lower validity for the CAARMS among these populations and thus in inadequate intervention programmes. Along with targeted studies, minorities’ access to participation in UHR cohorts should be improved through 3 tools: interpreters at recruitment and for administration of CAARMS, a guide to cultural formulation and transcultural data collection.
Regulation for health inequalities and non‐communicable diseases: In want of (effective) behavioural insights
Authors: Gokani Nikhil
Published: April 2018

The death and disease burden of non‐communicable diseases falls disproportionately on members of lower socioeconomic groups. This paper explores NCD prevention measures introduced through EU consumer law in order to assess the impact these have had on health inequalities. It demonstrates that these interventions often have limited impact, and therefore maintain inequalities. Indeed, when interventions do work, they tend to be more effective with advantaged citizens than disadvantaged citizens, and therefore increase inequalities. From a behavioural research perspective, this paper demonstrates why these interventions – which focus on regulating the consumer information environment – have failed to reduce health inequalities, and analyses the debate on the extent to which behavioural research should act as a core consideration in public health related consumer policy. The paper concludes that, while regulating consumer information is a useful tool for NCD prevention, if information‐based interventions are to reduce health inequalities the EU will need to incorporate greater insights from the way consumers actually behave. Moreover, there are limitations to policies which regulate information, and therefore the EU should make more use of other tools in its regulatory toolbox.
The Role of Dyadic Coping on the Marital and Emotional Adjustment of Couples With Infertility
Authors: Chaves Catarina , Canavarro Maria Cristina , Moura‐Ramos Mariana
Published: April 2018

Infertility is a challenging experience, affecting individual and couples’ adjustment. However, the way the members of the couple support each other may affect the experience of infertility and their adjustment. This study aimed to investigate the role of dyadic coping by oneself and by the partner in the association between the impact of infertility and dyadic and emotional adjustment (anxiety and depression) to infertility. In this cross‐sectional study, a total of 134 participants (67 couples with infertility) completed self‐report questionnaires assessing infertility‐related stress, dyadic coping, dyadic adjustment, and depression and anxiety symptoms. A path analysis examined the direct and indirect effects between the impact of infertility in one's life and dyadic and emotional adjustment. There is an indirect effect of the impact of infertility in one's life on dyadic adjustment through men's perceived dyadic coping efforts employed by the self (dyadic coping by oneself) and women's perceived dyadic coping efforts of the partner (dyadic coping by the partner). Regarding the emotional adjustment of infertile couples, infertility stress impact had an indirect effect only on depressive symptoms through men's dyadic coping by oneself. The results highlight the importance of men's dyadic coping strategies for the marital adjustment of couples as well as for men's emotional adjustment. Findings emphasize the importance of involving men in the fertility treatment process, reinforcing the dyadic nature of infertility processes.
Minority Stress and Same‐Sex Relationship Satisfaction: The Role of Concealment Motivation
Authors: Pepping Christopher A. , Cronin Timothy J. , Halford W. Kim , Lyons Anthony
Published: April 2018

Most lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people want a stable, satisfying romantic relationship. Although many of the predictors of relationship outcomes are similar to those of heterosexual couples, same‐sex couples face some additional challenges associated with minority stress that also impact upon relationship quality. Here, we investigate the association between minority stressors and relationship quality in a sample of 363 adults (M age = 30.37, SD = 10.78) currently in a same‐sex romantic relationship. Internalized homophobia and difficulties accepting one's LGB identity were each negatively associated with relationship satisfaction via heightened concealment motivation. We also examined the protective role of identity affirmation on relationship quality, finding a direct positive relationship between the two variables. Minority stressors were negatively associated with couple relationship satisfaction via heightened concealment motivation. The finding that identity affirmation directly predicted increased couple satisfaction also highlights the important role of protective factors in same‐sex couple relationships.
Selling luxury fashion to conspicuous consumers in the presence of discount sensitivity behavior
Authors: Zhou Jianheng , Xu Xiaolei , Shen Bin
Published: April 2018

In the luxury fashion industry, with the possibility of stockout, conspicuous consumers may purchase products at the full price rather than wait for any potential discount. However, in the presence of a possible future discount, conspicuous consumers may also feel regret to purchase at the full price if they find that the product is still available at the markdown price. Considering the possible stockout and future discount, in this paper, we evaluate the firm's pricing and production decisions on conspicuous consumers in the presence of discount sensitivity behavior. We build up an analytical model and consider that the customer purchasing utility decreases with discount sensitivity if she/he purchases at the full price. The firm can create scarcity in the market by reducing inventory to induce customers to purchase early. If the fraction of the customers with discount sensitivity is lower than a certain level, the firm should intentionally produce a large amount of products. Moreover, we find that product design enhancement can effectively weaken the negative effects of customer discount sensitivity on the quantity decisions. More managerial insights are discussed.
Enhanced mechanical properties of amorphous SiOC nanofibrous membrane through in situ embedding nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Nan , Wang Bing , Wang Yingde
Published: April 2018

Flexible ceramic nanofibers are highly desired due to their potential applications in free‐standing catalyst supports, fine particulate filters and flexible electronic devices. In this work, robust SiOC fibrous membranes composed of randomly oriented nanofibers with an average diameter of 550 nm were fabricated by a combination of electrospinning and post heat‐treatment process. The mechanical properties of the as‐prepared membranes were enhanced significantly through in situ embedding of palladium nanoparticles into the SiOC fibers. The optimized palladium‐doped SiOC fibrous membrane demonstrated a low flexural modulus of 7.79 kPa and a high tensile strength of 33.2 MPa. Reduced flaw size, initiation of nanocracks and pinning effect were proposed to explain the enhancement mechanism. Furthermore, the flexible SiOC membrane with excellent corrosion resistance exhibits a high filtration efficiency of 99.6% when the membrane weight is 4.8 g m−2, suggesting efficient filtration applications in harsh environments. This work also provides a feasible strategy for the design and fabrication of the flexible amorphous ceramic fiber membranes for various applications.
Ties That Bind? Comparing Kin Support Availability for Mothers of Mixed‐Race and Monoracial Infants
Authors: Bratter Jenifer L. , Whitehead Ellen M.
Published: April 2018

Although interracial partnerships are increasingly common, social distance between racial groups may impact participants' ties with extended kin. One persistent yet untested premise is that mothers with a biracial baby are “cut off” from extended family members. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 4,147), we explore perceptions of kin support availability for mothers of infants and whether perceptions differ if the father is a different race or ethnicity than the mother. We uncover stark differences in the likelihood of perceiving support as unavailable between mothers in same‐race and interracial parenting unions. Multivariate logistic regressions reveal that interracial partnering is positively associated with mothers perceiving support as unavailable, but this pattern is moderated by race and ethnicity of the mother, with the greatest difference emerging for White mothers. Ultimately, interracial partnering and childbearing may produce social isolation from kin, reflecting the enduring White‐non‐White divide.
Comparison of Quantitative Descriptive Analysis to the Napping methodology with and without product training
Authors: Oliver Penelope , Cicerale Sara , Pang Edwin , Keast Russell
Published: April 2018

Napping has recently been gaining popularity as a rapid descriptive profiling method, primarily for the reduction in cost and time when compared with traditional descriptive analysis. Questions remain regarding the accuracy of data from untrained consumers and how this differs from a trained panel. The aim of this research is to compare results obtained from a Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA) strawberry‐trained panel with untrained consumers applying Napping combined with ultra‐flash profile (UFP). Six strawberry samples (three duplicate cultivars) were assessed. Untrained consumers (n = 131) used Napping to separate strawberries based on their similarities and differences. Trained panelists (n = 12, minimum 60 hr training), applied QDA and Napping on two separate occasions. Results revealed Napping with UFP to produce product configurations comparable to QDA (RV coefficients of 0.936 and 0.898 between QDA and Napping via a trained panel, and a consumer panel, respectively), with similar descriptive terms to describe products. With a reduction in the number of consumers applying Napping with UFP, however, the similarity between methodologies declined. Furthermore, a lack of common understanding of attribute definitions limited its application. Therefore, Napping with UFP applied by a larger pool of assessors has been deemed an appropriate alternative to QDA when time is limited.

Practical application

The comparison of the Napping with ultra‐flash profile (UFP) methodology to traditional descriptive analysis will provide insight into consumer perception, and how this differs from an expertly trained panel. Upon evaluating this technique, Napping with UFP using untrained consumers may prove to be a valid instrument in objectively profiling the flavor of non‐homogenous agricultural products, potentially proving a viable alternative to the traditional QDA methods in future research of these products.
A case of feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia limited to the mesentery
Authors: Kambe N. , Okabe R. , Osada H. , Ogawa M. , Kishimoto M. , Fukushima R. , Kondo H. , Ohmori K.
Published: April 2018

An entire, female, mixed‐breed cat of unknown age was presented with a 6‐week history of lethargy, anorexia and vomiting. There was an increase in the number of white blood cells in the blood, including neutrophils and eosinophils; moderate anaemia; ascites; and possible mesenteric peritonitis. Exploratory laparotomy revealed firm, multifocal small nodules in the mesentery. As the nodules were surgically unresectable, they were biopsied. Histologically, the nodules were composed of thin trabeculae of dense collagen fibres mixed with plump fibroblasts and numerous eosinophils, consistent with feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia. Bacteria were not detected on histological examination of the nodules and cytology of the ascites. Remission of disease occurred following treatment with prednisolone and ciclosporin A for 22 days and antibiotics for 40 days. After remission, ciclosporin A was administered for 236 days and then discontinued. Eosinophilia also resolved after treatment with ciclosporin A. The cat is still alive and in good condition on day 689. This report describes what may be an atypical case of feline gastrointestinal eosinophilic sclerosing fibroplasia, lacking involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, and was apparently cured by treatment that involved ciclosporin A.
Ecological data for an orchid diversity hotspot show that the subtribe Laeliinae may be endangered in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest
Authors: Antolin Barberena Felipe Fajardo Villela , Baumgratz José Fernando A. , de Barros Fábio
Published: April 2018

The Brazilian Atlantic Forest harbours a mega diversity of seed plants. The Parque Nacional do Itatiaia is a large and mature Atlantic Forest remnant in southeastern Brazil. It includes around 10% of the Brazilian orchids and is considered a priority area for conservation. Thirty‐three species of the neotropical and very ornamental subtribe Laeliinae (Orchidaceae) have been recorded in this park, but according to our studies 13 species may be extinct locally. Here, we present ecological information, including population size, vertical distribution and orchid‐phorophyte for each species. In addition, we discuss the main factors threatening the species and the fact that official conservation policies following IUCN Red List categories and criteria at regional levels may be inappropriate for geopolitical regions, especially for overly restricted geographical areas. For this reason, some questions need to be addressed: 1) when should a decision maker be formally advised of the possibility of a species being threatened in a state, municipality or a conservation unit? 2) Below what minimum number of individuals in a population should conservation efforts (financial, logistical, etc.) be applied? These issues are particularily worrying when dealing with epiphytic orchids. For developing countries, these concerns are especially important since resources available to support biodiversity conservation actions are usually very limited. In addition, the lack of permanent control of legally protected areas, and difficulties to combat natural disturbances and predatory human activities also contribute to worsen the problems intrinsic to the conservation of these areas.
Temporal dynamics of maintenance in young and old adults
Authors: Fanuel Lison , Plancher Gaën , Monsaingeon Noé , Tillmann Barbara , Portrat Sophie
Published: April 2018

The present study investigated the time course of refreshing in young and old adults by analyzing the influence of memory load on response times for the processing of concurrent information. One to five squares sequentially displayed in random locations had to be memorized. Before the serial recall of the squares’ locations, participants performed self‐paced parity judgments on sequentially presented numbers. Trials without squares—not requiring memorization, but only parity judgments—constituted the control condition. Response times of parity judgments were separated for responses to the first digit and for responses to subsequent digits. In young adults, the results provided evidence for consolidation and refreshing, namely, the linear increase of first and subsequent response times with memory load. For old adults, a different pattern emerged: (1) the mean response time for the first digit processing was longer with memorization than without, probably reflecting task‐switching rather than consolidation; and (2) in contrast to young adults, memory load did not affect subsequent response times, suggesting a deficit in the initiation of refreshing. Overall, findings support the hypothesis of impaired refreshing in aging.
The effects of verbal and spatial memory load on children's processing speed
Authors: Morey Candice C. , Hadley Lauren V. , Buttelmann Frances , Könen Tanja , Meaney Julie‐Anne , Auyeung Bonnie , Karbach Julia , Chevalier Nicolas
Published: April 2018

Examining the impact of maintenance on processing speed allows us to test whether storage and processing resources are shared. Comparing these relationships in children of different ages allows further insight into whether one or multiple resources for these operations must be assumed and whether remembering is proactive throughout childhood. We tested 185 4‐ to 6‐ and 8‐ to 10‐year‐old children using adaptive complex span tasks, in which simple judgments were interleaved between to‐be‐remembered items. The adaptiveness of our tasks ensured that all participants frequently correctly recalled the items. If storage and processing require a single resource, and if participants serially reactivate the memoranda between processing episodes, processing response times should increase with serial position of the processing judgment within lists. We observed different within‐list dynamics for each age group. Older children's processing judgments slowed gradually when more than two memory items were maintained. By contrast, younger children showed no evidence of slower processing with increasing memory load. Our results support models of working memory that assume that some common resource is responsible for verbal and spatial storage and processing. They also support the notion that remembering becomes more proactive as children mature.