bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Genetic Variability for Yield and Nutritional Quality in Yam Bean (Pachyrhizus sp.)
Authors: Agaba Rolland , Tukamuhabwa Phinehas , Rubaihayo Patrick , Tumwegamire Silver , Ssenyonjo Andrew , Mwanga Robert O.M. , Ndirigwe Jean , Grüneberg Wolfgang J.
Published: October 2016

The amount of genotypic and phenotypic variability that exists in a species is important for selection and initiating breeding programs. Yam bean is grown locally in tropical countries of the Americas and Asia for their tasty storage roots, which usually have low dry matter content. The crop was recently introduced in Uganda and other East and Central African countries to supplement iron (Fe) and protein content in diets. This study aimed to estimate genetic variability for root yield and quality traits among 26 yam bean accessions in Uganda. A randomized complete block design was used with two replications across two ecogeographical locations and two seasons during 2012 and 2013. Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to determine quality of storage root samples. Significant differences among genotypes were observed for all traits except root protein, zinc (Zn), and phosphorus contents. Genotypic variance components () were significant for storage root fresh yield (SRFY), storage root dry matter (SRDM), storage root dry yield (SRDY), vine yield (VNY), fresh biomass yield (FBY), and storage root starch (STA) and Fe contents. For traits with significant the broad sense heritability estimates ranged from 58.4% for SRDY to 83.6% for FBY; and phenotypic coefficients of variation were high for SRFY (66%), SRDY (53.3%), VNY (60.5%), and FBY (59%), but low to medium for SRDM (22.6%), STA (15.1%), and Fe (21.3%). Similarly, the genotypic coefficients of variation were high for SRFY (56.7%), SRDY (53.3%), VNY (55%), and FBY (53.9%); and low for SRDM (20%), STA (12.4%), and Fe (17.8%). There were strong positive correlations between SRFY and both SRDY (r = 0.926) and FBY (r = 0.962), but low-to-moderate correlations among quality traits. It should be possible to breed for high dry matter yam beans by using low dry matter accessions due to the observed genetic variation ( = 9.3%2), which is important if the high dry matter Pachyrhizus tuberosus accessions (known as chuin) from Peru cannot be accessed. This study indicated substantial genetic variation for yield and quality traits in yam bean, demonstrating potential for adaptability to growing conditions and consumer needs in East and Central Africa and for genetic improvement through selection.
No Tillage and Strip Tillage Effects on Plant Performance, Weed Suppression, and Profitability in Transitional Organic Broccoli Production
Authors: Jokela Dana , Nair Ajay
Published: October 2016

Organic no-till and strip-till systems have gained attention because of their reported capacity to enhance soil health and suppress annual weeds. This study, conducted at the Horticulture Research Station, Ames, IA, over 2 years (2013–14 and 2014–15) compared a cover crop–based no tillage (NT), strip tillage (ST), and conventional tillage (CT) in transitional organic broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) production, with data collected on broccoli yield and quality, plant health, weed suppression, soil temperature, and cost of production. A cover crop mixture of cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) was seeded in all plots in September, and was ended by rolling and crimping (NT and ST) or soil incorporation (CT) in late spring the following year. Each whole-plot tillage treatment was split into two subplot fertility treatments—one based entirely on organic preplant granular fertilizer, and the other split between preplant granular fertilizer and postplanting fertigation—to test the effect of fertigation on yield and plant growth under the typically nitrogen (N)-limited reduced tillage conditions. In 2014, yield of broccoli was highest in CT treatments, averaging 5.4 t·ha−1, with no difference between ST and NT treatments. In 2015, yields were equal among tillage treatments, averaging 20.0 t·ha−1. Changing the timing of fertilizer application through the use of fertigation did not affect yield. Weed density and biomass were lowest in the between-row (BR) regions of NT and ST plots in 2014, indicating effective early-season weed suppression. In 2015, NT and ST plots generally had lower weed biomass and density compared with CT plots, but weed growth in BR and in-row (IR) regions of NT and ST plots was similar. Soil temperature was highest in CT plots throughout the year, and higher in ST than in NT plots only during some periods. While production costs did vary slightly across treatments, profit per hectare was most strongly affected by yield. Our findings suggest that cover crop–based organic NT and ST systems may be viable options for organic broccoli growers.
A Review of Pepino (Solanum muricatum Aiton) Fruit: A Quality Perspective
Authors: Contreras Carolina , González-Agüero Mauricio , Defilippi Bruno G.
Published: October 2016

Many attempts have been made to introduce pepinos in several countries. These efforts have involved breeding programs designed to adapt pepino plants to the respective climates and consumer preferences. However, low yields and the relatively small amount of information on the crop have played a negative role for the expansion of the pepino. Information on other features of the fruit (e.g., quality, physiology, and sensory attributes) is also scarce. Only a few studies provide useful data on pepino handling and storage potential; hence, there is not an adequate postharvest strategy to store this species. The objective of this review is to provide and discuss the available literature, with an emphasis on postharvest physiology aspects, and present 1) breeding for quality and how this has led to the development of the cultivars known today, 2) fruit physiology and quality, 3) handling and physiological disorders of pepino, and 4) highlight challenges for future research.
Investigation of Soy Protein–based Biostimulant Seed Coating for Broccoli Seedling and Plant Growth Enhancement
Authors: Amirkhani Masoume , Netravali Anil N. , Huang Wencheng , Taylor Alan G.
Published: October 2016

This research presents a novel method of using plant-derived protein hydrolysates as seed coating materials. The objective of this study was to develop seed coating formulations using soy flour, a sustainable, inexpensive, and green source, as a biostimulant using broccoli as the model system. A 10% suspension of soy flour was used as the seed treatment binder in all coatings. The solid particulate filler was composed of mixtures of soy flour, cellulose, and diatomaceous earth, together termed as SCD. All SCD components were homogenized in water, then dried and ground to a fine particle size <106 µm. The SCD coatings were applied with rotary pan seed coating equipment at 25% of the seed weight. Increasing the proportion of soy flour increased the seed coating strength and also the time for the coating to disintegrate after soaking in water. As a result, the seed coatings reduced the percentage germination and the germination rate compared with the nontreated control. However, the 10-day-old seedling root and shoot growth showed significant improvement for all SCD coating treatments compared with controls. Plant growth and development was also measured after 30 days in the greenhouse. Fresh weight (FW) and dry weight (DW), leaf area, plant height, leaf development, Soil-Plant Analyses Development (SPAD) index (chlorophyll measurement), and nitrogen (N) per plant were all greater from coatings with 30%, 40%, and 50% soy flour than the noncoated control. Nitrogen, from the soy flour applied in the seed coatings, ranged from 0.024 to 0.073 mg per seed, while the enhanced N per plant ranged from 1.7 to 8.5 mg. The coating treatment with 0.063 mg N per seed resulted in the greatest plant leaf area and highest N content. Nitrogen applied in the seed coating only accounted for 1% to 2% of the enhanced N in the plants, indicating the soy flour acted as a biostimulant rather than a fertilizer.
An Index for Evaluating Fairy Ring Symptoms in Turfgrass
Authors: Fidanza Michael , Settle Derek , Wetzel Henry
Published: October 2016

The term “fairy ring” typically refers to the visual appearance of mushrooms emerged in a circular pattern in a grass lawn, pasture, or meadow. Fairy ring symptoms in turfgrass stands are categorized as Type I (wilted, necrotic turf), Type II (dark green, stimulated turf), and Type III (basidiocarps present). A visual rating system was devised to assist researchers and practitioners with a numerical method to quantify the degree of severity of fairy ring symptoms at a turf site. Therefore, the Fairy Ring Severity Index is based on a 1 to 9 scale, where 1 indicates no fairy ring symptoms present, 2 through 5 indicates the low to high range for Type II symptoms, and 6 through 9 indicates the low to high range for Type I symptoms. For Type III symptoms, the number of mushrooms, toadstools, or puffballs present could be counted if that information is needed or helpful. In experimental research plots, the Fairy Ring Severity Index is a better method for evaluating and comparing fairy ring symptoms vs. using a percent plot area affected estimate.
Growth and Water Use During Establishment of Irrigated Bare Root and Balled-Burlap Green Ash Transplanted Into A High Desert Landscape
Authors: Caron Mike , Kjelgren Roger
Published: October 2016

We investigated growth, water relations, and water use of bare root (BR) and balled-burlapped (BB) Patmore green ash following transplanting into an irrigated landscape setting in a high desert climate. Treatments were green ash harvested as larger (40 mm caliper) BB and BR trees, and smaller BR stock (25 mm caliper). During establishment, we measured canopy growth for 3 years, and for 2 years plant water relations [predawn water potential and midday stomatal conductance (gS)] and water depletion within the root zone. All treatments expressed varying degrees of isohydric responses to root loss by reducing gS that maintained water potential nearly constant, but least so for the smaller BR trees. gS was greater than that of all larger trees, meaning that for the same cost in water potential as the larger trees, BR-Small benefitted from more open stomates and presumably greater carbon gain. Greater initial conductance apparently translated into more growth. Year 1, BR-Small trees had the least total leaf area, but by Year 3 total leaf area was not different among all treatments. Also during Year 1, the ratio of water use to local reference evapotranspiration [plant factor (PF)] was 0.36 for large BR trees vs. 0.56 for BB trees, similar to the recommended PF of 0.5 for trees in dry climates. These results suggest smaller BR trees are a cheaper alternative for high desert landscapes while reaching nearly equivalent growth to BB trees after 3 years. Achieving high growth of BR trees would need careful scheduling of irrigation amount and frequency based on leaf area, root zone size, and local reference evapotranspiration.
Establishing Growing Substrate pH with Compost and Limestone and the Impact on pH Buffering Capacity
Authors: Taylor Matthew D. , Kreis Rachel , Rejtö Lidia
Published: October 2016

The pH of peatmoss generally ranges from 3.0 to 4.0 and limestone is typically added to raise pH to a suitable range. Compost is also used as a substrate component and typically has a high pH of 6.0 to 8.0. When using compost, lime rates must be reduced or eliminated. The two objectives of this study were to determine the resulting pH of substrates created with varying amounts of limestone and compost and assess the impact of the various amounts of limestone and compost on pH buffering capacity. Compost was created from a 1:1:1 weight ratio of a mixture of green plant material and restaurant food waste:horse manure:wood chips. The first experiment was a factorial design with five compost rates (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% by volume), four limestone rates (0, 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 g·L−1 substrate) with five replications. The experiment was conducted three times, each with a different batch of compost. With 0 lime, initial substrate pH increased from 4.5 to 6.7 as compost rate increased. This trend occurred at all other lime rates, which had pH ranges of 5.2–6.9, 5.6–7.0, and 6.1–7.1 for rates of 1.2, 2.4, and 3.6 g·L−1 substrate, respectively. Substrate pH increased significantly as either compost or lime rates increased. The second experiment was a factorial design with four compost rates by volume (0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), the same four limestone rates as Expt. 1, and five replications. Each substrate treatment was titrated through incubations with six sulfuric acid rates (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, or 0.7 mol of H+ per gram of dry substrate). Substrates with a similar initial pH had very similar buffering capacities regardless of the compost or limestone rate. These results indicate compost can be used to establish growing substrate pH similar to limestone, and this change will have little to no effect on pH buffering capacity.
Impact of Dry-injection Cultivation to Maintain Soil Physical Properties for an Ultradwarf Bermudagrass Putting Green
Authors: Craft Jordan M. , Baldwin Christian M. , Philley Wayne H. , McCurdy James D. , Stewart Barry R. , Tomaso-Peterson Maria , Blythe Eugene K.
Published: October 2016

Traditional hollow-tine (HT) aerification programs can cause substantial damage to the putting green surface resulting in prolonged recovery. Despite the growing interest in new and alternative aerification technology, there is a lack of information in the literature comparing new or alternative technology with traditional methods on ultradwarf bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis (Burtt-Davy)] putting greens. Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the best combination of dry-injection (DI) cultivation technology with modified traditional HT aerification programs to achieve minimal surface disruption without a compromise in soil physical properties. Research was conducted at the Mississippi State University golf course practice putting green from 1 June to 31 Aug. 2014 and 2015. Treatments included two HT sizes (0.6 and 1.3 cm diameter), various DI cultivation frequencies applied with a DryJect 4800, and a noncultivated control. The HT 1.3 cm diameter tine size had 76% greater water infiltration (7.6 cm depth) compared with the DI + HT 0.6 cm diameter tine size treatment. However, DI + HT 0.6 cm diameter tine size had greater water infiltration at the 10.1 cm depth than the noncultivated control. Results suggest a need for an annual HT aerification event due to reduced water infiltration and increased volumetric water content (VWC) in the noncultivated control treatment. It can be concluded that DI would be best used in combination with HT 1.3 or 0.6 cm diameter tine sizes to improve soil physical properties; however, the DI + HT 0.6 cm diameter tine size treatment resulted in minimum surface disruption while still improving soil physical properties compared with the noncultivated control.
Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Faba Bean (Vicia faba) from Turkey
Authors: Göl Şurhan , Doğanlar Sami , Frary Anne
Published: October 2016

Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is an important food and feed legume because of the nutritional value of its seed protein and starch content, good biomass, and high efficiency nitrogen fixation. This study analyzed the molecular genetic diversity and population structure of 101 Turkish faba bean accessions using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 32 SSR markers yielded 281 loci of which 277 (98.6%) were polymorphic. Mean dissimilarity between genotypes was 0.355, a relatively high value which was expected given faba bean’s large genome and limited breeding history. According to the results, faba bean individuals grouped into three main clusters based on both distance matrix (neighbor-joining algorithm) and model-based (population structure) clustering analyses. Clustering was not correlated with seed size or origin within Turkey. Six cultivars were included in the analysis and showed high genetic diversity compared with the landraces, as expected, given the fact that at least some of the cultivars were bred by hybridization. A total of 47 individuals were selected for the core collection to represent the diversity of Turkish faba bean germplasm. This core set encompasses material adapted to all growing regions and should be a priority for morphological characterization.
Response of Young Olive Plants (Olea europaea) to Phosphorus Application
Authors: Jiménez-Moreno María José , Fernández-Escobar Ricardo
Published: October 2016

Mist-rooted ‘Picual’ olive cuttings growing in 1.1-L pots containing a mixture of washed sand and perlite were used to induce symptoms of phosphorus (P) deficiency and toxicity and to determine the nutritional status to which these symptoms occur. Plants were growing in a growth chamber at 25 °C day/15 °C night with a 14-hour photoperiod. From late spring to the autumn, plants were placed in a shade house protected from the rain. In the first experiment, plants received the application of 0, 100, 200, or 400 ppm P, and in the second experiment, 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, or 200 ppm P. Shoot growth was measured weekly and leaf samples were collected at different dates to determine P concentration. At the end of each experiment, plants were harvested and P was determined to obtain the P uptake by the plants. Phosphorus uptake efficiency (PUE) was estimated as PUE = (P uptake/P applied) × 100. P content increased in plants with the amount of P applied, and accumulated mainly in the roots. Vegetative growth showed a quadratic response, indicating a reduction of growth at the lowers and highest doses of P application. Leaf P concentration below or above which shoot growth was reduced was 0.11% to 0.13%. Symptoms of P deficiency and toxicity were observed in only a few plants. Leaf P concentration of deficient plants was 0.025%, and that of toxicity 0.21%. Toxicity symptoms were similar to that of zinc (Zn) deficiency. PUE was very low, 1.34% to 4.45%, suggesting the low P requirements of the olive.
Genome-wide Identification and Analysis of the MADS-box Gene Family in Melon
Authors: Hao Xin , Fu Yu , Zhao Wei , Liu Lifei , Bade Rengui , Hasi Agula , Hao Jinfeng
Published: October 2016

The MADS-box gene family encodes a type of transcription factor, and plays a key role in the growth and development of plants. Here, we identified 62 MADS-box genes in the melon (Cucumis melo) genome using bioinformatics methods. These genes were divided into type I Mα, Mγ, and Mδ subfamilies (26 members) and type II MIKCC subfamilies (36 members) by phylogenetic analysis. There were no genes in type II AGL12, BS, TM8, and MIKC* subfamilies, and type I Mβ subfamilies. Conserved motif analysis showed that all motifs had a subfamily-specific distribution except the M domain. The expression analysis of the MADS-box genes showed different expression characteristics. In summary, this study is the first to identify melon MADS-box genes and analyze their gene structures, subfamily distribution, and expression characteristics. These results provide a foundation for investigating the functions of the melon MADS-box genes.
Diversity Among a Wide Asian Collection of Bitter Gourd Landraces and their Genetic Relationships with Commercial Hybrid Cultivars
Authors: Dhillon Narinder P.S. , Sanguansil Supannika , Schafleitner Roland , Wang Yen-Wei , McCreight James D.
Published: October 2016

We report here the genetic characterization of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia) based on polymorphisms of 50 simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci in 114 accessions that included landraces, breeding lines, and commercial open-pollinated and F1 hybrid cultivars widely grown in Asia. Neighbor-joining tree analysis revealed a high level of genetic variability in the collection. The 114 accessions formed three subpopulations represented by five clusters. Distribution of accessions across the five clusters reflected their geographic origin to a large extent. South Asian accessions originating from India, Bangladesh, and Pakistan were more closely related to each other than to any other geographical group. Likewise, southeast Asian accessions that originated from Cambodia, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Philippines were grouped together. Accessions that originated from Taiwan were genetically distinct and grouped separately. A landrace from Laos was genetically close to the accessions from Thailand and genetically distinct from the rest of the accessions. White-fruited genotypes were genetically distinct from green- and dark green–fruited genotypes. Low- and medium-bitter accessions were more similar to each other than to the high-bitter genotypes. Accessions with cylindrical fruit were genetically distinct from those with spindle or elongated fruit. Commercial cultivars in each cluster were closely related, which indicated a narrowing of the bitter gourd genetic base in Asia in response to market demands for uniformity and yield. Use of diverse germplasm resources in bitter gourd breeding will help in sustainable breeding and production.
Nitric Oxide Involvement in Bermudagrass Response to Salt Stress
Authors: Liu Ao , Fan Jibiao , Gitau Margaret Mukami , Chen Liang , Fu Jinmin
Published: October 2016

Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is a warm-season turfgrass that has the potential to improve saline and alkaline soils. However, its utilization is severely limited by high salinity. Therefore, it is urgent to enhance its tolerance to salt stress. Previous studies have proved that nitric oxide (NO) plays a vital role in various biological processes. However, the role of NO in bermudagrass response to salt is unknown. Our objective here was to investigate whether and how NO contributes to the protection of bermudagrass against salt stress in bermudagrass. In this study, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) served as the NO donor, while 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramentylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-xide (PTIO) plus NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) acted as the NO inhibitor. The treatment of bermudagrass with 400 mm salt solution occurred under different regimes: control, SNP, PTIO + L-NAME (PL). The results showed that 400 mm salinity caused significant toxicity to bermudagrass. However, SNP alleviated damage effect on plant growth and ionic balance as indicated by higher water content, chlorophyll content, higher chlorophyll a fluorescence (OJIP) curves and K+:Na+, Mg2+:Na+, and Ca2+:Na+ ratios. Also, lower levels of electrolyte leakage, malonaldehyde, H2O2, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase activities suggested that NO reduced the membrane injury and lipid peroxidation under salt treatment, while PL regime showed severe damage. In summary, our results suggest that NO has some beneficial effects on the maintenance of cell membrane stability, alleviation of oxidative damage and maintenance of ion homeostasis and plant photosythesis when bermudagrass is exposed to high salinity condition.
Normalización, subjetividad y alternativas al bajo rendimiento escolar
Authors: Molina Pertuz Verónica Lucía , Cruz Bolaños Jonny Alexander
Published: October 2016

El “bajo rendimiento académico” es considerado un factor que promueve el fracaso y la deserción escolar. Si la vida escolar es un escenario de socialización, las experiencias de fracaso o deserción tendrán implicaciones directas en su subjetividad que pueden ser determinantes en la participación social. El presente estudio busca comprender los procesos de configuración de subjetividad, dentro del escenario de socialización de la escuela, en aquellos niños y niñas que afrontan la condición de ser catalogados en el rango de “bajo rendimiento escolar”, mediante la exploración de las Funciones Cognitivas Superiores (en adelante FCS) desde la Neuropsicología y la exploración del concepto de “sí mismo”. El estudio se ha llevado a cabo mediante la exploración de la FCS y la indagación sobre el concepto de sí mismos, en dos escenarios: “Exploración en condiciones evaluativas” y “Exploración en condiciones no-evaluativas”. Los participantes son niños y niñas con edades comprendidas entre los 6 y 8 años, que pertenecen a colegios de ampliación de cobertura de la Arquidiócesis de Cali.
Por los abismos de la infancia
Authors: Ríos Madrid Myriam
Published: October 2016

Constantemente los medios de comunicación nos informan sobre el maltrato al que son sometidos los niños en todo el mundo, maltrato que se expresa en variadísimas y crueles formas y contra el cual parecen impotentes las leyes que pretenden acabarlo. Un breve recorrido por la historia nos muestra que esta crueldad puesta sobre los infantes ha existido siempre, que forma parte de una agresividad estructural humana que encuentra en los niños un blanco fácil para su descarga.
Ruptura del paradigma subcortical en los procesos emocionales
Authors: Ríos Flórez Jorge Alexander , Cardona Agudelo Viviana
Published: October 2016

El estudio de las emociones, su desarrollo, procesamiento y comprensión, se ha limitado a la funcionalidad de estructuras subcorticales; sin embargo, recientemente se han propiciado investigaciones que reorientan y amplían el campo de estudio del procesamiento emocional hacia vínculos con regiones corticales del cerebro. Pese a lo anterior, no se había planteado claramente la importancia de eliminar el sesgo localizacionista en los procesos emocionales; este artículo realiza un recorrido por los inicios griegos con tendencia científica en el abordaje y estudio de las emociones, y la evolución que estos preconceptos y resultados han tenido a lo largo del último par de siglos donde se ha intensificado la comprensión de la actividad cerebral, así como las limitantes que han logrado trascender a lo largo del último siglo y que presentan perspectivas parciales del funcionamiento y procesamiento emocional en los circuitos biológicos del cerebro. De igual forma, se hace pertinente resaltar la importancia de las emociones en regiones corticales, que intervienen en la actividad cognitiva y motora que allí se suscita, y cómo éstas pueden afectar o favorecer su funcionalidad.
Terapia familiar sistémica en contextos de pobreza
Authors: Sierra Gaviria David , Caro Jaramillo Jennifer , Rúa Gómez José David , Castro Gutiérrez Kevin , Londoño Tejada María Elena
Published: October 2016

Sin duda alguna, un par de páginas se han de quedar cortas a la hora de desglosar un poco sobre aquellos enfoques direccionados hacia el ser humano, desde lo individual, hasta su interacción en grupo y sociedad. Aun así, el presente artículo permite dar unamirada estructural y básica de lo que conlleva a la mención del concepto de Terapia Familiar Sistémica, en éste caso desarrollada en contextos de pobreza, básicamente en América Latina, y más específicamente en Colombia. A través de una contextualización estructurada de términos, ubicados en la raíz del tema principal, se pretende hacer un recorrido que vaya desde lo más sencillo, hasta lo más elaborado, para finalmente impregnar al lector, de una forma más clara y globalizada, de la ubicación y el universo que se constituye alrededor de la Terapia Familiar Sistémica, en los contextos de pobreza; su constitución, fundamento e importancia en nuestra sociedad.
La oralidad en el film El discurso del rey
Authors: González Roldán Katerine
Published: October 2016

El siguiente artículo pretende resaltar la importancia que la oralidad y el discurso tienen en el ámbito social de los seres humanos. El poder que representa el lenguaje, y su capacidad de persuadir, lo convierte en una herramienta que, mal utilizada, generará conflictos en la sociedad; además, se abordan las diferencias comunicativas como la tartamudez, para finalmente, generar, desde la opinión del autor, una postura crítica sobre algunos postulados teóricos y cómo estos se desarrollan en el ámbito social.
Fragmentos do cotidiano sob o olhar do narrador / cinegrafista de Gonçalo M. Tavares: 'short movies'
Authors: De Oliveira Renata Quintella
Published: October 2016

Livro resenhado:

TAVARES, Gonçalo M. Short movies. Porto Alegre: Dublinenses, 2015.
Literatura explicativa: ensaios sobre Ruy Belo
Authors: Erthal Aline Duque
Published: October 2016

Livro resenhado:

ATHAYDE, Manaíra Aires (Org.). Literatura Explicativa: ensaios sobre Ruy Belo. Lisboa: Assírio & Alvim, 2015
Viagem e desterro. De Ovídio a Camões: Filinto, Garrett e Herculano
Authors: Abreu Maria Fernanda De
Published: October 2016

A viagem, em situação de desterro forçado, proporciona imagens de repre­sentações identitárias, pessoais e colectivas, que a literatura vem transmi­tindo ao longo da sua história. No presente ensaio, invocam-se modelos que, na chamada “literatura ocidental”, vêm de Homero e Ovídio e, na por­tuguesa, são actualizados por, entre outros, Luís de Camões, Filinto Elíseo e Almeida Garrett; um estudo de caso dá-nos a ver o recurso ao motivo da tempestade na escrita do exílio, na obra do romântico Alexandre Herculano.
A descoberta da representação: figuras do discurso retórico na ‘carta do achamento’ de Pero Vaz de Caminha
Authors: Arsillo Vincenzo
Published: October 2016

A partir da análise de algumas imagens figurais e retóricas que recorrem no texto Caminha, se esboça uma interpretação semiótico-icônica da Carta do achamento.
A Concept–Wide Association Study of Clinical Notes to Discover New Predictors of Kidney Failure
Authors: Singh Karandeep , Betensky Rebecca A. , Wright Adam , Curhan Gary C. , Bates David W. , Waikar Sushrut S.
Published: October 2016

Background and objectives

Identifying predictors of kidney disease progression is critical toward the development of strategies to prevent kidney failure. Clinical notes provide a unique opportunity for big data approaches to identify novel risk factors for disease.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We used natural language processing tools to extract concepts from the preceding year’s clinical notes among patients newly referred to a tertiary care center’s outpatient nephrology clinics and retrospectively evaluated these concepts as predictors for the subsequent development of ESRD using proportional subdistribution hazards (competing risk) regression. The primary outcome was time to ESRD, accounting for a competing risk of death. We identified predictors from univariate and multivariate (adjusting for Tangri linear predictor) models using a 5% threshold for false discovery rate (q value <0.05). We included all patients seen by an adult outpatient nephrologist between January 1, 2004 and June 18, 2014 and excluded patients seen only by transplant nephrology, with preexisting ESRD, with fewer than five clinical notes, with no follow-up, or with no baseline creatinine values.

Results

Among the 4013 patients selected in the final study cohort, we identified 960 concepts in the unadjusted analysis and 885 concepts in the adjusted analysis. Novel predictors identified included high–dose ascorbic acid (adjusted hazard ratio, 5.48; 95% confidence interval, 2.80 to 10.70; q<0.001) and fast food (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.34; 95% confidence interval, 2.55 to 7.40; q<0.001).

Conclusions

Novel predictors of human disease may be identified using an unbiased approach to analyze text from the electronic health record.
Avaliação de Interface Gráfica de Cursos a Distância Via Web
Authors: Silva Simone De Paula , Leite Ligia
Published: October 2016

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a interface gráfica do curso a distância Voluntariado, Conceitos e Motivação do AFS Intercultura Brasil sob o ponto de vista da sua ergonomia e usabilidade. A abordagem adotada foi a de avaliação por especialistas e o método foi de avaliação heurística. A avaliação heurística foi aplicada por quatro especialistas que realizaram um julgamento de valor sobre as qualidades ergonômicas de cada item que compõe a interface. A análise dos dados se deu mediante de análise quantitativa das questões fechadas do instrumento da escala gravidade dos problemas de usabilidades. Os resultados encontrados demonstram que a interface do curso atende parcialmente aos critérios de ergonomia e usabilidade.
Avaliação dos Impactos Econômicos e Sociais do Programa Cozinha Brasil (Período 2009-2010)
Authors: Fontes Miguel Barbosa , Crivelaro Rodrigo Campos , Amaral Rodrigo Silva , Ferreira Gina Marini , Peres Angela Pimenta
Published: October 2016

O Brasil ainda luta para combater a fome apesar de ser referência internacional em políticas alimentares. Desde 2004 o SESI realiza o Programa Cozinha Brasil que promove alimentação saudável, redução do desperdício e aproveitamento integral dos alimentos para comunidades e Indústria. De 2009 a 2010 seus impactos econômicos e sociais foram avaliados com estudo quase experimental ex ante e ex post com mais de 20 mil indivíduos entre alunos e grupo de controle. Foi criada uma Escala de 62 variáveis de Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Práticas (CAPs) para verificar seus impactos. Cada R$ 1,00 real investido gerou retorno de R$ 7,19 e cada ponto ganho na Escala impacta em R$ 2,50 na redução do desperdício de alimentos. Impactos sociais demonstraram que o Cozinha Brasil produziu equidade em gênero, escolaridade e renda no acesso aos CAPs. O Programa contribuiu para a geração de riquezas econômicas e sociais para o país. Sugere-se atenção para o fortalecimento de hábitos alimentares e de manuseio alimentar no ambiente industrial.
Avaliação dos Efeitos da Estimulação Cortical Durante Realização de Tarefa Estímulo Resposta em Escolares
Authors: Lima Nilcéia Padilha de , Lima Alisson Padilha de , Silva Iris Lima e , Cardoso Fabrício Bruno , Beresford Heron
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficácia da utilização da estimulação cortical para realização de tarefa que exige atenção e resposta após um estimulo recebido. Utilizou-se a metodologia de trabalho experimental, com uma amostra de 80 escolares de ambos os sexos com idade entre 10 e 14 anos foram divididos em dois grupos para realização do teste de Stroop. O grupo experimental realizou os testes utilizando-se da estimulação cortical, o grupo controle realizou os testes sem estimulação cortical. Os resultados demonstraram que estudantes pertencentes ao grupo experimental tiveram melhor resultado nos testes de atenção. Pôde-se inferir que a estimulaçao cortical propiciou melhor estado de atenção nos estudantes do grupo experimental, traduzidos, principalmente, pelo menor tempo que estes apresentaram para execução das tarefas propostas.
Autoavaliação: a percepção dos discentes sobre o curso de bacharelado em Administração Pública da UFRRJ
Authors: Oliveira Saulo Barbará , Castro Biancca Scarpeline , Sena Flávia Cristina
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o curso de Administração Pública da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, no sentido de entender a sua adequação às necessidades de formação e oportunidades de melhoria. Para isso, recorreu-se a uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa e descritiva, visando investigar a percepção do seu corpo discente quanto a sua satisfação e insatisfação com o curso. Os principais resultados indicam haver acertos quanto à gestão do curso, por exemplo, quanto a maneira que o mesmo está sendo conduzido, a metodologia de ensino e o material didático usados. Porém apontam também necessidades de melhorias quanto à contratação de novos professores, disponibilidade dos mesmos em atender os alunos fora do horário de aula e sobre a infraestrutura universitária.  Palavras-chave: Avaliação, Qualidade de Ensino, Curso de Graduação, Bacharelado em
Avaliação do Desempenho de Leitura e Escrita dos Alunos do 2º E 3º anos do Ensino FundamentaL I do Colégio Pedro II- Campus Humaitá I: uma meta-avaliação
Authors: Braga Isabela , Gonçalves Pimentel Sandra Regina , Aguiar Glauco Da Silva
Published: October 2016

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados da meta-avaliação do estudo de 2015 que apresenta a avaliação do desempenho de leitura e escrita dos alunos do 2º e 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental I do Colégio Pedro II-Campus Humaitá I. Este estudo meta-avaliativo foi realizado a partir da utilizaçãode duas categorias do Joint Comitte On Standards for Educational Evaluation, utilidade e adequação. O estudo meta-avaliado, com abordagem somativa, foi resultado de uma dissertação apresentada no curso de Mestrado Profissional em Avaliação da Fundação Cesgranrio, possuindo características próprias de uma dissertação. Como resultados pode-se constatar que, em relação aos padrões analisados que se aplicavam à dissertação, foram, em sua maioria, atendidos pela autora, no entanto fizeram-se necessárias algumas recomendações ao final desta meta-avaliação.
Avaliação Nacional da Alfabetização (ANA): Contribuições deste Instrumento na Percepção de Gestores e Professores
Authors: Cruz Magna Do Carmo Silva , Taveira Andreza De Santana , Souza Sara Leite de
Published: October 2016

A pesquisa buscou investigar a concepção dos professores e gestores sobre o instrumento Avaliação Nacional da Alfabetização (ANA) e suas possíveis contribuições na organização da aprendizagem no Ciclo de Alfabetização. Os procedimentos adotados foram (i) a entrevista semiestruturada com 08 professoras do 3º ano do ciclo de alfabetização e as gestoras de suas escolas e (ii) a análise documental dos documentos oficiais da ANA. A análise revelou que os documentos norteadores da ANA adotam a perspectiva de avaliação formativa. Professores e gestores indicam perceber a prova enquanto instrumento diagnóstico da situação escolar que contribui para a democratização do ensino. Porém, ficou evidenciado não haver preparação para aplicação dessa avaliação. Apenas um pequeno percentual das gestoras diz ter feito este movimento na escola. Averiguou-se, ainda, que as professoras não dominam os objetivos do instrumento avaliativo, apesar de ressaltarem a contribuição do instrumento para a sua prática.
Processo Avaliativo do Projeto Escola: reflexões sobre o desenvolvimento de uma cultura avaliativa na Comunidade Educativa CEDAC
Authors: Carvalho Leandro Daniel Santos
Published: October 2016

Tendo como pressuposto a demanda atual do terceiro setor por avaliação de projetos e programas sociais e a importância da disseminação de experiências de processos avaliativos realizados neste âmbito, o presente artigo propõe uma reflexão crítica sobre a experiência da OSCIP Comunidade Educativa CEDAC na realização da avaliação de um de seus projetos, em 2013. Lançando luz às peculiaridades desta experiência, que aliou a construção de uma avaliação do projeto à formação de um grupo de pessoas da CE CEDAC nesta área, o texto buscou evidenciar quais foram os principais obstáculos e aprendizados construídos durante e após a realização deste processo avaliativo.
Improving enzymatic saccharification of cassava stem using peroxide and microwave assisted pre-treatment techniques
Authors: Sudha A. , Sivakumar V. , Sangeetha V. , Priyenka Devi
Published: October 2016

The effectiveness of microwave assisted alkali (MAA) and alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pre-treatment methods in improving the enzymatic saccharification of cassava stem was investigated. Ground cassava stems were by MAA method by varying microwave power, NaOH concentration and pre-treatment time. AHP method was performed at various H2O2 concentrations, pre-treatment temperatures and times. The results showed that reducing sugar yield was higher from MAA pretreated stem when compared with AHP pre-treatment, which demonstrated that MAA pre-treatment was effective in releasing sugars. SEM studies on the pre-treated samples revealed extensive distortion of fibres in MAA pre-treated than AHP pre-treated samples, which showed pores and cracks in the fibrous structure. Spectral studies showed the change in the chemical structure of pre-treated samples. The work revealed that the studied pre-treatment methods were effective in improving the enzymatic saccharification of cassava stem.
Can developing countries maintain financial stability after the global crisis? The role of external financial shocks
Authors: Cömert Hasan , Çolak Mehmet
Published: October 2016

The recent global turmoil severely affected some developing economies. However, in general, these nations survived the crisis with less damage compared with advanced countries. The majority of developing countries did not experience a financial system collapse. What were the main factors behind their relatively better performance? We argue that the main reason was the relatively moderate financial account shocks, in terms of both magnitude and duration, experienced by developing economies during the global crisis. This was due to the fact that advanced countries could not fully serve their roles as safe havens during the recent global turmoil. Furthermore, developing countries enjoyed greater autonomy and legitimacy in implementing expansionary monetary and fiscal policies in an environment in which international cooperation partially met the need for an international lender of last resort. If the returns in advanced countries become more attractive, developing countries may face larger external financial shocks in future crises.
The relationship between intra-industry foreign direct investment and intra-industry trade in China
Authors: Lyu Licai , Blandford David
Published: October 2016

This paper explores the relationship between intra-industry investment (III)
and intra-industry trade (IIT) using cointegration and the Granger causality
test. The empirical results indicate that there is a long-run equilibrium
cointegration relationship between III and IIT in Chinese agriculture,
manufacturing, the service sector and industry as a whole, and that this
relationship is negative. Unidirectional Granger causality runs from III to
IIT in manufacturing, the service sector and industry as a whole, but there
is no strong evidence of causality running from IIT to III in any industry in
China.
Associations of Steroid Sex Hormones and Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Women: A Population-Based Cohort Study and Meta-analysis
Authors: Muka Taulant , Nano Jana , Jaspers Loes , Meun Cindy , Bramer Wichor M. , Hofman Albert , Dehghan Abbas , Kavousi Maryam , Laven Joop S.E. , Franco Oscar H.
Published: October 2016

It remains unclear whether endogenous sex hormones (ESH) are associated with risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in women. Data of 3,117 postmenopausal women participants of the Rotterdam Study were analyzed to examine whether ESH and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) were associated with the risk of incident T2D. Additionally, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies assessing the prospective association of ESH and SHBG with T2D in women. During a median follow-up of 11.1 years, we identified 384 incident cases of T2D in the Rotterdam Study. No association was observed between total testosterone (TT) or bioavailable testosterone (BT) with T2D. SHBG was inversely associated with the risk of T2D, whereas total estradiol (TE) was associated with increased risk of T2D. Similarly, in the meta-analysis of 13 population-based prospective studies involving more than 1,912 incident T2D cases, low levels of SHBG and high levels of TE were associated with increased risk of T2D, whereas no associations were found for other hormones. The association of SHBG with T2D did not change by menopause status, whereas the associations of ESH and T2D were based only in postmenopausal women. SHBG and TE are independent risk factors for the development of T2D in women.
Subclinical Disease Burden as Assessed by Whole-Body MRI in Subjects With Prediabetes, Subjects With Diabetes, and Normal Control Subjects From the General Population: The KORA-MRI Study
Authors: Bamberg Fabian , Hetterich Holger , Rospleszcz Susanne , Lorbeer Roberto , Auweter Sigrid D. , Schlett Christopher L. , Schafnitzel Anina , Bayerl Christian , Schindler Andreas , Saam Tobias , Müller-Peltzer Katharina , Sommer Wieland , Zitzelsberger Tanja , Machann Jürgen , Ingrisch Michael , Selder Sonja , Rathmann Wolfgang , Heier Margit , Linkohr Birgit , Meisinger Christa , Weber Christian , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Massberg Steffen , Reiser Maximilian F. , Peters Annette
Published: October 2016

Detailed pathophysiological manifestations of early disease in the context of prediabetes are poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the extent of early signs of metabolic and cardio-cerebrovascular complications affecting multiple organs in individuals with prediabetes. Subjects without a history of stroke, coronary artery disease, or peripheral artery disease were enrolled in a case-control study nested within the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Augsburg (KORA) FF4 cohort and underwent comprehensive MRI assessment to characterize cerebral parameters (white matter lesions, microbleeds), cardiovascular parameters (carotid plaque, left ventricular function, and myocardial late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]), and metabolic parameters (hepatic proton-density fat fraction [PDFF] and subcutaneous and visceral abdominal fat). Among 400 subjects who underwent MRI, 103 subjects had prediabetes and 54 had established diabetes. Subjects with prediabetes had an increased risk for carotid plaque and adverse functional cardiac parameters, including reduced early diastolic filling rates as well as a higher prevalence of LGE compared with healthy control subjects. In addition, people with prediabetes had significantly elevated levels of PDFF and total and visceral fat. Thus, subjects with prediabetes show early signs of subclinical disease that include vascular, cardiac, and metabolic changes, as measured by whole-body MRI after adjusting for cardiometabolic risk factors.
Synthesizing Results From Empirical Research on Computer-Based Scaffolding in STEM Education
Authors: Belland Brian R. , Walker Andrew E. , Kim Nam Ju , Lefler Mason
Published: October 2016

Computer-based scaffolding assists students as they generate solutions to complex problems, goals, or tasks, helping increase and integrate their higher order skills in the process. However, despite decades of research on scaffolding in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) education, no existing comprehensive meta-analysis has synthesized the results of these studies. This review addresses that need by synthesizing the results of 144 experimental studies (333 outcomes) on the effects of computer-based scaffolding designed to assist the full range of STEM learners (primary through adult education) as they navigated ill-structured, problem-centered curricula. Results of our random effect meta-analysis (a) indicate that computer-based scaffolding showed a consistently positive (ḡ = 0.46) effect on cognitive outcomes across various contexts of use, scaffolding characteristics, and levels of assessment and (b) shed light on many scaffolding debates, including the roles of customization (i.e., fading and adding) and context-specific support. Specifically, scaffolding’s influence on cognitive outcomes did not vary on the basis of context-specificity, presence or absence of scaffolding change, and logic by which scaffolding change is implemented. Scaffolding’s influence was greatest when measured at the principles level and among adult learners. Still scaffolding’s effect was substantial and significantly greater than zero across all age groups and assessment levels. These results suggest that scaffolding is a highly effective intervention across levels of different characteristics and can largely be designed in many different ways while still being highly effective.