bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution of PqsE as aPseudomonas aeruginosa-specific regulator of LuxR-type receptors: insights fromPseudomonasandBurkholderia
Authors: Mallery Caleb P. , Simanek Kayla A. , Pope Autumn N. , Paczkowski Jon E.
Published: December 2024

Pseudomonas aeruginosais a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen that poses a significant public health threat, particularly in healthcare settings. A key determinant ofP. aeruginosavirulence is the regulated synthesis and release of extracellular products, which is controlled by a cell density-dependent signaling system known as quorum sensing (QS).P. aeruginosauses a complex QS network, including two systems that rely on diffusible N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) signal molecules. The LuxR-type receptor RhlR is unique in that it requires not only its cognate AHL but also the accessory protein PqsE to maximally bind to promoter DNA and to initiate transcription. Our group demonstrated that PqsE physically interacts with RhlR, enhancing its affinity for target promoters across theP. aeruginosagenome. Although LuxR-type receptors are widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and important for pathogenesis, PqsE orthologs are restricted toPseudomonasandBurkholderiaspecies. This study explored the conservation of PqsE and examined PqsE ortholog structure-function across different species. Our results show that PqsE inPseudomonasretain their functional interactions with RhlR homologs, unlike PqsE orthologs inBurkholderiaspp., which do not interact with their respective LuxR-type receptors. Additionally, we assessed the AHL preferences of different receptors and hypothesized that the PqsE-RhlR interaction evolved to stabilize the inherently unstable RhlR, preventing its degradation. Indeed, we observe higher levels of RhlR protein turnover in a strain lackingpqsEcompared to WT, which can be rescued in a strain lacking the Lon protease.

IMPORTANCE

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a major pathogen for patients with cystic fibrosis and a primary constituent of healthcare-associated infections, relies on a complex quorum-sensing (QS) network to coordinate virulence factor production. Central to this system is the interaction between two proteins, PqsE and RhlR, which drive gene expression essential for pathogenesis. Our study investigates the conservation of the PqsE-RhlR interaction across related bacterial species, revealing that PqsE inPseudomonascan enhance RhlR activity, while orthologs inBurkholderialack this capacity. These findings offer new insights into the specificity and evolution of QS mechanisms, highlighting the PqsE-RhlR interaction as a potentially selective target for treatingP. aeruginosainfections.
Circulating MicroRNAs in Patients with Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma and its Precursors
Authors: Rymuza Julia , Długosz Angelika , Zalewski Kamil , Kowalik Artur , Bujko Mateusz , Kowalewska Magdalena
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives

Vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is a rare gynecologic malignancy, with most cases arising from differentiated vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (dVIN). Approximately one-third of VSCC cases originate from high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), which are associated with persistent infection by high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) types. This study aimed to quantify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in the plasma of patients with premalignant conditions (dVIN and HSIL) and VSCC using TaqMan Low-Density Arrays.

Methods

Plasma samples were collected from 40 patients, including those treated for HSIL, dVIN, and VSCC. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) identified circulating miRNAs differentially expressed in the plasma of VSCC patients compared to those with precancerous lesions.

Results

A total of 31 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMs) were found to be significantly upregulated in plasma from VSCC patients compared to precancerous cases. None of the analyzed miRNAs were able to distinguish VSCC cases based on hrHPV tumor status.

Conclusions

This study provides strong evidence that a distinct set of miRNAs can differentiate between plasma samples from VSCC patients and those with precancerous lesions. Thus, these DEMs have potential diagnostic and prognostic value. “Predisposing” DEMs could be developed as biomarkers to aid in the assessment of vulvar lesions, helping to exclude or confirm progression toward cancer.
Electric, magnetic, and quadrupole form factors and charge radii of vector mesons: From light to heavy sectors in a contact interaction
Authors: Hernández-Pinto R. J. , Gutiérrez-Guerrero L. X. , Bedolla M. A. , Bashir A.
Published: December 2024

We present a detailed survey of electric, magnetic, and quadrupole form factors of light and heavy spin-1 vector mesons. It complements our analogous analysis of the electromagnetic form factors of pseudoscalar and scalar mesons reported earlier. Our formalism is based upon the Schwinger-Dyson equations treatment of a vector × vector contact interaction and the Bethe-Salpeter equation description of relativistic two-body bound states. We compute the form factors, associated moments, and charge radii, comparing these quantities to earlier theoretical studies and experimental results if and when possible. We also investigate the quark-mass dependence of the charge radii and find the anticipated hierarchy such that it decreases with increasing dressed quark masses. In addition, our analysis shows that the magnetic moment is independent of the mass of the light and heavy mesons. Our results agree with most measurements reported earlier, finding a negative quadrupole moment, implying the charge distribution is oblate.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Spin fluctuations in the dissipative phase transitions of the quantum Rabi model
Authors: Li Jiahui , Fazio Rosario , Wang Yingdan , Chesi Stefano
Published: December 2024

We investigate the dissipative phase transitions of the anisotropic quantum Rabi model with cavity decay and demonstrate that large spin fluctuations persist in the stationary state, having important consequences on the phase diagram and the critical properties. In the second-order phase transition to the superradiant phase, there is a significant suppression of the order parameter and the appearance of nonuniversal factors, which directly reflect the spin populations. Furthermore, upon entering a parameter regime where mean-field theory predicts a tricritical phase, we find a first-order phase transition due to the unexpected collapse of superradiance. An accurate and physically transparent description going beyond mean-field theory is established by combining exact numerical simulations, the cumulant expansion, and analytical approximations based on reduced master equations and an effective equilibrium theory. Our findings, compared to the conventional thermodynamic limit of the Dicke model, indicate a general tendency of forming extreme nonequilibrium states in the single-spin system, thus have broad implications for dissipative phase transitions of few-body systems.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Flexibility in noisy cell-to-cell information dynamics
Authors: Qunbar Ismail , Vennettilli Michael , Erez Amir
Published: December 2024

The exchange of molecules allows cells to exchange information. How robust is the information to changes in cell parameters? We use a mapping between the stochastic dynamics of two cells sharing a stimulatory molecule and parameters akin to an extension of Landau's equilibrium phase transition theory. We show that different single-cell dynamics lead to the same dynamical response—a flexibility that cells can use. The companion equilibrium Landau model behaves similarly, thereby describing the dynamics of information in a broad class of models with coupled order parameters.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Let’s focus on the magic of an artist: the artist contagion effect on products that feature art
Authors: Kim Pielah , Chang Hua
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to empirically test the artist contagion effect. This effect suggests that the physical contact of the artist in creating the art leads to a transfer of the artist’s essence onto the artwork featured on a product, thereby enhancing consumers’ willingness to pay for such products featuring this art.

Design/methodology/approach

This research conducted four online experimental studies to examine the artist contagion effect.

Findings

This research first uncovered the transfer of the artist’s essence onto the art featured on a product, providing the foundation for the proposed artist contagion (prestudy). Following this, this research validated the artist contagion effect (Study 1) and then ruled out potential alternative explanations for the effect (Study 2). Lastly, this research demonstrated that the immorality of the artist can limit the artist contagion effect (Study 3).

Research limitations/implications

The perception of luxury has been regarded as a mediator explaining why a product featuring art can command a high product valuation. By conceptualizing and verifying the artist contagion effect, this research introduces another mediator, the artist’s essence, accountable for even a greater product valuation.

Practical implications

Visual artists should be included in the marketing of products featuring art. Marketers should communicate the physical contact that occurred during the creation of the art featured on a product.

Originality/value

This research highlights the crucial role of visual artists in the marketing of products featuring art, a role often overlooked in the extensively researched art infusion effect.
The effect of trust on user adoption of AI-generated content
Authors: Zhou Tao , Lu Hailin
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of trust on user adoption of artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) based on the stimulus–organism–response.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors conducted an online survey in China, which is a highly competitive AI market, and obtained 504 valid responses. Both structural equation modelling and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) were used to conduct data analysis.

Findings

The results indicated that perceived intelligence, perceived transparency and knowledge hallucination influence cognitive trust in platform, whereas perceived empathy influences affective trust in platform. Both cognitive trust and affective trust in platform lead to trust in AIGC. Algorithm bias negatively moderates the effect of cognitive trust in platform on trust in AIGC. The fsQCA identified three configurations leading to adoption intention.

Research limitations/implications

The main limitation is that more factors such as culture need to be included to examine their possible effects on trust. The implication is that generative AI platforms need to improve the intelligence, transparency and empathy, and mitigate knowledge hallucination to engender users’ trust in AIGC and facilitate their adoption.

Originality/value

Existing research has mainly used technology adoption theories such as unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to examine AIGC user behaviour and has seldom examined user trust development in the AIGC context. This research tries to fill the gap by disclosing the mechanism underlying AIGC user trust formation.
The moderating role of firms’ litigation environment on the association between gender diversity and financial reporting quality
Authors: Boahen Eric Owusu , Mamatzakis Emmanuel Constantine
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper examines the moderating role of firms’ litigation environment on the association between gender diversity and financial reporting quality.

Design/methodology/approach

This study draws on a sample of US firms to examine the moderating role of firms’ litigation environment on the association between gender diversity and financial reporting quality. Firm-specific financial data come from Compustat. To measure the firms’ litigation environment, we use state-level datasets from the Lawsuit Climate Survey conducted for the US Chamber Institute for Legal Reform by the Harris Poll.

Findings

Findings suggest that firm litigation environment moderates gender diversity, as defined by female members on the board to subdue our first proxy for financial reporting quality (accruals-based earnings management), but our second proxy for financial reporting quality (real-activities manipulations) increases in a firm’s litigation environment. To the extent that our results hold after controlling for firms’ reputation indicates that female members on the board are sensitive to reputational loss and protect firms’ reputation in a litigation environment.

Research limitations/implications

The study is based on a specific country, limiting the generalizability of the findings.

Practical implications

The findings provide support for promoters and advocates of gender diversity in corporate boards. Specifically, it shows the importance of gender diversity policies in business and society.

Originality/value

This study is the first to examine the moderating role of firms’ litigation environment on the association between gender diversity and financial reporting quality. The study provides novel evidence and shows that the litigation environment moderates gender diversity to improve financial reporting quality in the short-term (by decreasing accruals manipulation). In firms’ litigation environment, when female members on the board are restrained from engaging in accruals earnings management, they shift to value-destroying and costly real activities to maintain reputation and firm performance. To the extent that we control for the potential effects of firms’ reputation and financial performance, our findings suggest that ethical concerns are likely to drive female members on the board to produce high-quality financial reports.
Precision teaching in the 21st century: trends, barriers and the path forward
Authors: Reagan Mary
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the current state of Precision Teaching, identifies key barriers the field must address and outlines future directions for progress.

Design/methodology/approach

Precision Teaching (PT) is a methodology that uses the family of Standard Celeration Charts to monitor changes in behaviour frequencies, guide instructional decisions and promote the acceleration of learning. Since its inception, PT has been widely adopted across general and special education and other settings. Research has demonstrated its effectiveness in improving skill acquisition in interventions, including reading fluency, mathematical skills and critical thinking.

Findings

Despite its success, barriers to broader implementation remain, including limited awareness, technological challenges and research promotion. As the field continues to evolve, interdisciplinary collaboration and technology promotion will be key to ensuring the continued growth of PT.

Originality/value

By addressing these barriers, the methodology can expand further, enhancing its impact across a diverse array of fields and populations.
Cross entropy and log likelihood ratio cost as performance measures for multi‐conclusion categorical outcomes scales
Authors: Warren Eric M. , Handley John C. , Sheets H. David
Published: December 2024

The inconclusive category in forensics reporting is the appropriate response in many cases, but it poses challenges in estimating an “error rate”. We discuss the use of a class of information‐theoretic measures related to cross entropy as an alternative set of metrics that allows for performance evaluation of results presented using multi‐category reporting scales. This paper shows how this class of performance metrics, and in particular the log likelihood ratio cost, which is already in use with likelihood ratio forensic reporting methods and in machine learning communities, can be readily adapted for use with the widely used multiple category conclusions scales. Bayesian credible intervals on these metrics can be estimated using numerical methods. The application of these metrics to published test results is shown. It is demonstrated, using these test results, that reducing the number of categories used in a proficiency test from five or six to three increases the cross entropy, indicating that the higher number of categories was justified, as it they increased the level of agreement with ground truth.
Exercising a Process of Incorporated Self‐Reflexivity and Co‐Reflexivity: Conducting Research on Chinese Family Caregivers of End‐of‐Life Patients
Authors: Lu Yixi , Wang Jing , Jean Jason A.
Published: December 2024

There are considerable methodological and emotional challenges conducting research on family caregivers of end‐of‐life patients. In this article, we identified the major challenges encountered while studying a group of Chinese immigrant family caregivers of terminally ill patients. Drawing upon the concept of reflexivity and building on the previous literature, two types of reflexivity, self‐reflexivity and co‐reflexivity, were introduced and incorporated into a research process. It is argued that co‐reflexivity, where co‐researchers engaging in reflexive dialogues, can be an essential component to a process of reflexive activities, in addition to self‐reflexivity. During the journey of designing and applying this incorporated process, we were able to manage ethical, methodological and emotional challenges, to gain in‐depth and critical interpretations of the participant's narratives, to mitigate researcher biases, and to inspire new ideas for future research. We argue this process may serve as a working structure for exercising reflexivity within a small multidisciplinary/cross‐functional research team. It can be an unfinalized research method tool open for other researchers to adapt, revise and re‐create for their own implementation.
Risk of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients with multiple sclerosis treated with low‐dose natalizumab following fingolimod
Authors: Tanaka Masami , Nakamichi Kazuo , Tanaka Keiko
Published: December 2024

Objective

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) may rarely develop in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients treated with certain disease‐modifying drugs. A female patient weighing 40 kg developed PML with 12 copies/mL of prototype JC virus (JCV) DNA in the cerebrospinal fluid after 11 y of 4 mg/kg every 6 wk with natalizumab (NTZ) and intermittent holidays of fingolimod (FTY). The aim of this study was to analyze the PML risk of this case.

Methods

The lymphocyte subsets of CD4+ CD62L+ (central memory) and CD8+ CD62L− (effector memory) were analyzed. Additionally, the total dosage per kg for 1 y before the onset of PML and the transition of the JCV index were assessed.

Results

In PML‐naïve MS patients, both lymphocyte‐subset counts decreased during FTY therapy but recovered after FTY cessation. However, in this PML patient the recovery took more than 2 y. In the PML patient, the JCV index increased by 1.17 over 1 y until 10 mo before the onset of PML.

Conclusions

Although each factor alone is not sufficient to pose a risk in our present PML patient, the presence of multiple factors may increase the risk of PML. Administering drugs such as NTZ, which carry a PML risk, to patients with a history of FTY treatment warrants caution. Dosage and interval adjustments of NTZ should be considered. Our study suggests the possibility that FTY may increase PML risk, highlighting the importance of considering the history of immunosuppressive drug therapy when administering NTZ in MS patients.
The Compelling Role of Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor Signaling in Multiple Sclerosis: Role of BDNF Activators
Authors: Al‐kuraishy Hayder M. , Sulaiman Ghassan M. , Mohammed Hamdoon A. , Albukhaty Salim , Albuhadily Ali K. , Al‐Gareeb Ali I. , Klionsky Daniel J. , Abomughaid Mosleh M.
Published: December 2024

Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin, acting as a neurotrophic signal and neuromodulator in the central nervous system (CNS). BDNF is synthesized from its precursor proBDNF within the CNS and peripheral tissues. Through activation of NTRK2/TRKB (neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2), BDNF promotes neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and neuronal growth, whereas it inhibits microglial activation and the release of pro‐inflammatory cytokines. BDNF is dysregulated in different neurodegenerative diseases and depressions. However, there is a major controversy concerning BDNF levels in the different stages of multiple sclerosis (MS). Therefore, this review discusses the potential role of BDNF signaling in stages of MS, and how BDNF modulators affect the pathogenesis and outcomes of this disease.
Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Suicidal Ideation and Attempts in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Authors: Pfluger Julia , Green James B. , Qi Wenhui , Goods Claire , Rodriguez Joey , West Michelle L. , Keshavan Matcheri , Friedman‐Yakoobian Michelle
Published: December 2024

Background

Individuals with psychosis symptoms are at high risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. The prevalence and correlates of suicidal ideation and attempts in clinical high risk for psychosis (CHR‐P) have yet to be clarified. This study reports on the prevalence and clinical correlates of suicidal ideation and attempts in a clinical CHR‐P sample.

Method

Participants (n = 135) included CHR‐P clients at a CHR‐P community specialty clinic, who participated in a clinical assessment between 2017 and 2022. Assessments measured attenuated psychosis symptoms, suicidal ideation and attempts, clinical covariates, and functioning. Frequency analyses assessed the prevalence of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts and t‐test and Chi‐square identified clinical correlates. Logistic regression assessed the relationship between significant clinical correlates and lifetime suicide attempts.

Results

Sixty‐five percent of participants at CHR‐P endorsed lifetime suicidal ideation, while 22.2% reported at least one lifetime attempt. Correlates for lifetime suicidal ideation included self‐reported gender expansive identity, hopelessness, depression, trauma, obsessive compulsive symptoms, insight: reflectiveness, trauma diagnoses, mood disorder diagnoses, and perceptual abnormalities/hallucinations. Significant correlates for lifetime suicide attempts included self‐reported hopelessness, depression, trauma diagnosis and mood disorder diagnosis.

Conclusion

CHR‐P clients are at a higher risk for suicidal ideation and attempts compared to the general population. Correlates of suicidal ideation and attempts may be diagnostically heterogeneous and therefore interventions should be tailored to specific clinical needs. Clients with trauma‐disorder diagnoses may be at highest risk for suicidal ideation and attempts. Continued intervention and longitudinal research is needed to clarify causal risk factors and establish evidence‐based treatments for suicidal ideation and attempts in CHR‐P.
Faculty's Negative Emotions in Poor Teacher–Student Online Interactions: Sources and Intentional Handling Strategies
Authors: Lin Xiaochen , Wang Q. , Gu H. , Yu J. J. , Limniou M.
Published: December 2024

A knowledge gap exists regarding the faculty's dynamic selection and modification of emotion regulation strategies to reduce negative emotions in synchronous teaching. This study conducted semi‐structured interviews with 16 teachers at higher education institutions in China, focusing on their handling of the negative emotions that arose from poor teacher–student interactions. Technology‐induced and student‐induced behaviour problems are two primary causes of faculty's negative emotions. The problem‐focused emotion regulation strategy effectively reduced faculty's negative emotions when facing the former. In handling student‐induced negative emotions, the problem‐focused strategy was only occasionally sufficient. The ownership of synchronous teaching provides faculty with continuous agency to reflect on teaching challenges. The outcome of this reflection enables faculty to alter emotion regulation strategies and ultimately reduce negative emotions without compromising students' rights. We propose that critical reflection that challenges underlying assumptions (e.g., double‐loop learning) can effectively mitigate negative emotions while ensuring equitable online education.
Drawdown minimization in asset portfolio selection: MINLP models and efficient cross‐entropy algorithm
Authors: Bayat M. , Hooshmand F. , MirHassani S.A.
Published: December 2024

Portfolio management is an important research topic in finance and optimization. Drawdown as one of the measures in evaluating portfolios indicates the relative difference between the portfolio value in the current moment and its maximum value during a given time interval in the recent past. In this paper, first, the importance of this measure is discussed and then two mixed‐integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) models with the objectives of minimizing the expected drawdown and the maximum drawdown under real‐world constraints are presented. Due to the NP‐hardness of this problem, by utilizing the problem structure, an efficient cross‐entropy‐based algorithm is presented to solve it. An effective mechanism is suggested to calibrate the algorithm parameters. Computational results confirm the performance of the proposed algorithm from both solution quality and running time in comparison with MINLP solvers.
In tech we rely: How technology dependence fuels consumer vulnerability
Authors: Stewart Kristin , Perren Rebeca , Chambers Charles , Zulauf Ryley
Published: December 2024

Understanding and mitigating consumer vulnerability is critical in an age of pervasive misinformation and deception. This research examines how technology dependence can heighten consumer vulnerability by elevating the risk of being deceived in the marketplace. Drawing from Human‐Computer Interaction (HCI) research and Media Systems Dependency Theory (MSD), we propose that high technology dependence depletes cognitive resources, reduces consumer skepticism, and increases susceptibility to deception, an essential element of consumer vulnerability. Through three empirical studies, we show that technology dependence heightens consumers' vulnerability to deceptive information, primarily through reduced skepticism. Furthermore, we found that consumers' moods moderate this relationship, with negative moods mitigating and positive moods amplifying the adverse effects of technology dependence on skepticism. Our findings reveal mechanisms driving consumer vulnerability in the digital age, offering valuable insights for marketers and policymakers to enhance consumer protection, as well as marketplace and digital literacy.
Phytoestrogens as Natural Anti‐Aging Solutions for Enhanced Collagen Synthesis in Skin
Authors: Amini Nahid , Osterlund Christina , Curpen Jessen , Lafon‐Kolb Virginie , Richard Thibaud , Visdal‐Johnsen Lene
Published: December 2024

Background

The dermal extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic scaffold composed mainly of proteins, with collagen as the key structural component providing resilience and support to the skin. Post‐menopause, declining estrogen levels lead to a significant reduction in skin health, notably a 30% decrease in collagen types I and III within 5 years.

Aim

To discover natural extracts that stimulate collagen production.

Methods

We utilized PathwayStudio to analyze protein–protein interactions and identify regulators of essential collagen types. Our study assessed Glycyrrhiza uralensis extract's ability to boost collagen production and enhance dermal density both in vitro and in vivo.

Results

PathwayStudio analysis highlighted phytoestrogens including glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin, liquiritigenin, liquiritin, and glabrol, as potential candidates. Liquorice rhizome (G. uralensis), used in traditional Chinese medicine, is rich in phytoestrogens like liquiritigenin. The G. uralensis extract increased collagen I and III gene expression and pro‐collagen I protein levels in human dermal fibroblasts and inhibited UVB and pollution‐induced matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP1) production. In an in vivo study, a topical formulation containing the extract significantly improved dermal density after 56 days, measured by the DUB SkinScanner.

Conclusions

These findings suggest G. uralensis extract as a promising agent for enhancing collagen production and skin health, particularly in postmenopausal women. Further research is needed to explore its mechanisms and long‐term effects.
Risk Factors for Peritoneal Dialysis‐Associated Peritonitis Due to Home‐Based Operation Management: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Pan Linlin , Wang Mengjia , Yu Qiaoqin , Gao Xiaohong , Xia Yinyan , Huang Xiaohan
Published: December 2024

Aim

This study aimed to explore the risk factors related to home‐based operation management leading to the occurrence of peritoneal dialysis‐associated peritonitis (PDAP).

Design

An observational research was conducted.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted among patients with maintenance peritoneal dialysis (PD) between 1 January 2019 and 31 December 2022. The patients were grouped according to the occurrence of PDAP. General characteristics and home operational data were collected and logistic regression analysis was performed to identify independent risk factors for PDAP associated with home operations. This study complied with the Appendix S1.

Results

Of 458 PD patients included in this study, 82 were in the peritonitis group. Their average age was 53.34 ± 13.62 years, and the average dialysis vintage was 35.57 ± 32.74 months, with males accounting for 54.6%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that age; primary disease, such as diabetes mellitus; dialysis vintage; improper storage of dialysis fluid; failure to verify the quality of protective‐caps with povidone‐iodine; and improper handwashing were risk factors of PDAP. Daytime ambulatory PD mode was significantly negatively associated with PDAP.

Conclusion

Improper storage of dialysis fluid, failure to check the quality of protective‐caps and improper handwashing at home are independent risk factors for PDAP caused by home‐based operation management. Nurses should strengthen relevant training or retraining to address this.

Implications for the Profession

These findings serve to highlight the key areas for training in PD management and aim to empower patients to effectively conduct self‐management practices.

Patient or Public Contribution

We appreciate the patient's understanding and support.
Hyoscyamus labiatus sp. nov. (Solanaceae) from Henan, China: implications for the delimitation of Hyoscyamus
Authors: Liu Yan‐Yan , Wang Qi‐Rui , Mi Zeng‐Lu , Li Jia‐Mei
Published: December 2024

Hyoscyamus labiatus Y. Y. Liu, Q. R. Wang and J. M. Li, a new species of Hyoscyamus (Solanaceae) from Henan province, China, is described and illustrated here. It is morphologically similar to the known species of Hyoscyamus and Archihyoscyamus, but can be distinguished by corolla 2‐lipped, adaxial lip 3‐lobed and much longer than abaxial lips, tube slender at base, and stamens 5, inserted on inner side of disk, free, obviously unequal, and exceeding corolla. To infer the systematic position of this new species, phylogenetic analysis was performed based on four chloroplast markers, viz rbcL, ndhF, trnC‐psbM and trnL‐F. According to the phylogenetic tree, Hyoscyamus labiatus is strongly supported as sister to a monophyletic group containing all species of Hyoscyamus and Archihyoscyamus previously described. Morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny confirmed the identity of the species as a new taxon, and that Archihyoscyamus should be included in Hyoscyamus.
Liparis maguanensis (Orchidaceae), a new species from China
Authors: Xiao Fan , Zhao Erqiang , Zhang Ze , Xu Ruhua , Jia Min , Zhang Yu , Long Bo , Zhao Dake
Published: December 2024

Liparis maguanensis, a new orchid species from Yunnan province of China, is described and illustrated here based on morphological and molecular analyses. Morphologically, this species closely resembles L. viridiflora, but it can be distinguished by having only a single leaf (versus two leaves in L. viridiflora), a 15–25 cm long loosely 40–45‐flowered inflorescence (versus 14–40 cm, densely 80–90‐flowered), and a 2–4 cm obovate‐elliptic pseudobulb (versus 7–18 cm, cylindric). Phylogenetic analysis using nrITS and plastid matK DNA sequences further supports the distinctiveness of Liparis maguanensis as a separate species.
Temporal changes in plant–soil feedbacks between the invasive Phytolacca americana and congeneric native and non‐invasive alien plants
Authors: Lai Yuxin , Yan Zhisen , Xiao Feng , Zhou Yue , Liu Yunshan , Li Yulin , Wang Yan , Wu Jihua , Siemann Evan , Xu Yunjian , Wang Yi
Published: December 2024

The direction and intensity of plant–soil feedbacks (PSFs) and the reciprocal effects between plants and soils can change over time. PSFs can also affect competition between invasive and native plants. However, most PSF research is conducted in simple experimental settings where temporal changes are not considered. Few studies have assessed the temporal dynamics of PSFs among invasive plants, newly introduced plants and native plants. Here, we conducted a two‐stage PSF experiment to evaluate the temporal dynamics of PSFs among the invasive alien Phytolacca americana, the non‐invasive alien Phytolacca icosandra, and native Phytolacca acinosa. We conducted the experiment with different conditioning time periods. First, we planted the three species individually in pots to condition the soils. Then, each species was grown in a pot conditioned by the same species (‘home soil') or pots conditioned by one of the other two species (‘away soil'). Invasive and native plants produced higher biomass in home soils while non‐invasive alien plants produced higher biomass in away soils. The direction and intensity of PSFs varied with conditioning time among the three species and conditioning time had a significant effect on plant total biomass. Furthermore, sterilizing soils or adding activated carbon altered plant–soil feedbacks, indicating a role for microbes and allelopathic substances in mediating temporal changes. Our study indicates that changes in microbes and allelopathic substances in soils drove temporal changes in PSFs. Invasive alien plants can amplify their competitive advantage through PSFs and also potentially favor establishment of new non‐invasive alien plants.
The role of parental mentalizing on the link between parental depression and child emotion regulation
Authors: Keleynikov Mor , Lassri Dana , Cohen Noga , Benatov Joy
Published: December 2024

Background

Parental depression has consistently been shown to impact child's emotion regulation (ER), with limited research on risk and protective factors, especially in preschoolers. Grounded in Morris and colleagues' model of emotion socialization, this study addresses this gap by examining the mediating and moderating roles of parental mentalizing (reflective functioning).

Aims

We aimed to explore whether pre‐mentalizing modes mediate the link between parental depressive symptoms and the child's ER tendencies and whether parental interest and curiosity and parental certainty about mental states can buffer this link.

Materials & Methods

The study sample included 732 parents (91% females) of children aged 3–7 years. To assess parental mentalizing, the Parental Reflective Functioning Questionnaire was used. Child ER skills were assessed with the Emotion Regulation Checklist, and depression was assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire.

Results

Findings demonstrated a negative link between parental depressive symptoms and children's ER skills, mediated by heightened parental pre‐mentalizing modes. Contrary to expectations, parental interest and curiosity did not moderate this link, but parental certainty about mental states emerged as a protective factor, weakening the link between depressive symptoms and child ER skills.

Conclusion

The results contribute to the understanding of ER development, particularly in the context of parental depressive symptoms, emphasizing parental mentalizing as a pivotal factor within this intricate dynamic.
Mixing and matching: Intra‐stream interdependence in the multiple streams framework and the adoption of policy mixes
Authors: Soni Anmol , Mistur Evan M.
Published: December 2024

Policy process literature offers several frameworks and theories to understand the adoption or modification of policies across different jurisdictions. Extant studies focus on the emergence of coalitions, actors, strategies, etc. as they relate to individual policies. Policy actions, however, are typically deployed as packages—combinations of different instruments or measures. Policy mixes—also used interchangeably with terms such as policy packaging, policy bundling, etc.—are an important aspect of policy design. However, the role and emergence of policy mixes in the context of the policy process have not been studied in great depth. This study examines the role of different policy pathways that yield desired policy outcomes in the electric vehicle (EV) policy subsystem. We use the case of sub‐national EV policies across the US to analyze how different combinations of policy actions operate in combination and/or competition with each other to achieve the desired policy objectives. The study contributes to the policy design scholarship in two ways. First, by analyzing the emergence of policy mixes as policy outputs during the policy design process using a theoretical lens applying the multiple streams framework. Second, by deploying fuzzy set Qualitative Comparative Analysis as a methodological tool to uncover causal pathways to desired policy outcomes.
Impact of behavioral inhibitory control and startle reactivity to uncertain threat on youth suicide risk
Authors: Bibb Sophia A. , House Alexa , Jenkins Kathryn , Kreutzer Kayla A. , Bryan Craig J. , Weafer Jessica J. , Phan K. Luan , Gorka Stephanie M.
Published: December 2024

Poor inhibitory control and exaggerated threat reactivity are two well‐established risk factors for suicide. Theory suggests that these two factors may interact to influence suicide risk, although few studies have directly tested these relationships. In the present study, we examined the unique and interactive effects of inhibitory control (IC) and threat reactivity on self‐reported suicide risk in a sample of 132 youth, ages 16–19. The stop signal task was used as a behavioral index of IC. Threat reactivity was captured using a modified version of the No‐Predictable–Unpredictable threat paradigm that includes threat of predictable (P‐) and unpredictable (U‐) mild electrical shock. Startle eyeblink potentiation was measured throughout the task as an index of aversive responding. All participants completed a battery of well‐validated self‐report measures including current suicide risk. Hierarchical linear regression analyses controlling for age and sex revealed no main effects of IC or threat reactivity. However, there was a significant IC by reactivity to uncertain threat (U‐threat) interaction. At lower levels of IC, greater startle reactivity to U‐threat was associated with greater suicide risk. At higher levels of IC, there was no association between reactivity to U‐threat and suicide risk. These results suggest that individual differences in IC and reactivity to U‐threat interact to influence suicide cognitions, shedding light on potential subgroups of individuals who might be at elevated risk.
Covid‐19 pandemic and its impact on capital and output distortions: Evidence from China
Authors: Chen Chuanglian , Li Yixin , Shan Jingqun , Yao Shujie
Published: December 2024

Based on Harrold's neutral technological progress production function, this paper studies the impact of Covid‐19 on output distortion and capital mismatch of China's A‐share listed firms in 2006–2022. It also identifies the ‘positive transmission’ and ‘backward forcing’ mechanisms of this impact effect. The empirical results suggest that there existed positive output distortion and negative capital allocation distortion and the pandemic is found to have exacerbated such distortions, especially in the manufacturing and services industries, the central and eastern regions, high‐tech industries and private firms. In the ‘positive transmission’ mechanism, reducing capital cost and improving technological progress are found to have restrained the distortions induced by the pandemic. In the ‘backward forcing’ mechanism, reducing product price is found to have reduced the distortions, but promoting market share competition is only found to have mitigated output distortion. There is heterogeneity in the efficiency of the transmission mechanisms between industries, regions, technological industry and ownership types. This study provides a solid theoretical basis and empirical evidence guiding central and regional authorities on how to alleviate resource allocation distortions and improve firm performance in response to an unexpected external shock such as the Covid‐19 pandemic.
Isotonic medium treatment limits burn wound microbial colonisation and improves tissue repair
Authors: Horn Adam , Wagner Andrew S. , Hou Yiran , Zajac Jocelyn C. , Fister Alexandra M. , Chen Zhili , Pashaj Joana , Junak Mary , Mercado Soto Nayanna M. , Gibson Angela , Huttenlocher Anna
Published: December 2024

Burn injuries undergo a complex healing process in which progressive spreading of epithelial damage can lead to secondary complications such as wound infection, which is a major driver of mortality among burn patients. We recently reported that burning larval zebrafish triggers dysregulated keratinocyte dynamics compared to mechanical injury. Here, we investigate keratinocyte behaviour following burn injury and the subsequent potential for microbial colonisation of burn wounds over time. Real‐time imaging, coupled with tracking of photoconverted cells, revealed that early keratinocyte motility contributes to the spread of epithelial damage beyond the initial site of burn injury and that increased epithelial damage was associated with wound colonisation by the fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Modulating osmotic balance by treating larval zebrafish with isotonic medium limited the spread of epithelial damage and reduced microbial colonisation of burn wounds. Using cultured human skin, we found that topical treatment with isotonic solution (saline) similarly prevented the spread of epithelial damage over time. These findings indicate that keratinocyte behaviour contributes to burn wound progression in larval zebrafish and links keratinocyte dynamics to microbial colonisation of burn wounded tissue.
Swirling Flow Effects on the Aeroacoustic Signature of an Aerospike Nozzle
Authors: Golliard Thomas , Mihaescu Mihai
Published: December 2024

Supersonic nozzles are not always operated at design conditions. The total pressure, temperature, and velocity distributions at the nozzle inlet plane are often characterized by inhomogeneities, conditions dictated by the operating regime of the turbine or combustion chamber. In particular, a swirling flow motion can be induced by these components. While homogeneous inflow conditions are well documented for a large range of supersonic nozzles, data on the aeroacoustics of supersonic swirling jets is scarce. Large eddy simulations are deployed to simulate the swirling flow of a nonideally expanded three-dimensional, cold, axisymmetric aerospike nozzle at a nozzle pressure ratio (NPR) of 3. Three swirl numbers are considered and compared with the baseline case. Near-field acoustic analyses are completed by far-field acoustic computations based on the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings (FWH) equation. Swirling flow shortens the potential core of the jet and leads to an annular shock cell length increase. Two-point space-time cross correlations of pressure data acquired in the annular shear layer indicate an enhancement of the azimuthal modes. Similar cross correlations in the circular jet shear layer further downstream show that screech tones are suppressed. Power spectral density of the radial velocity at monitoring points in the vicinity of the nozzle trailing edge allows to identify the oscillation modes of the annular shock cell structure. The far-field spectra exhibit lower mixing noise with the increasing swirl number. The global sound pressure level (SPL) decreases, while the nozzle thrust remains at 99% of the baseline thrust at low swirl numbers.
An experimental study of underwater radiated noise from a small vessel with damaged and fouled propellers
Authors: Smith T. A. , Grech La Rosa A. , Piggott G. , Gaivota J. A. N. , McMorran S. S.
Published: December 2024

Damage and fouling to a marine propeller can alter underwater noise levels through numerous mechanisms, but there are very few studies where clean propellers are compared to those with realistic levels of damage or fouling. This study presents acoustic data combined with underwater camera footage for a vessel fitted with three propellers: clean, damaged, and fouled. The results show that the fouled propeller is quieter than the clean one due to it reducing the levels of tip vortex cavitation. This work highlights the need for further research into the role of fouling and damage on noise from marine vessels.
Association of Bone Mineral Measurements With Peak Impact and Sport-Specific Muscle Loads in Elite Youth Artistic Swimmers
Authors: Skouras Apostolos Z. , Koulouvaris Panagiotis , Tsekouras Yiannis , Antonakis-Karamintzas Dimitrios , Goutseva Anastasia , Tsolakis Charilaos , Klentrou Panagiota
Published: December 2024

Purpose: Bone mineral measurements and their association with peak impact and sport-specific, persistent muscle loads were examined in 10 elite artistic swimmers age 15–19 years. Methods: Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of total body, total body less head, spine, and dominant and nondominant limbs were assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Peak ground-reaction forces of 2 dry jumps (countermovement jump and frog jump) were measured on a force plate. Peak forces applied during in-water exercises (vertical scull, barracuda push, and kick pull) were measured. Results: On average, artistic swimmers’ total-body BMD (1.12 [0.08] g/cm2) was similar to values reported for young swimmers and nonathletic females, and total-body BMC (2359 [399] g) was higher than previously reported in race swimmers. Based on previously published reference curves, 9 out of 10 artistic swimmers had total-body less head BMD and BMC at or above the 90th percentile, with average to above average z scores and height-adjusted z scores for their age. Countermovement jump and frog jump exhibited moderate peak ground-reaction forces (2.61 [0.46] and 1.93 [0.42] N/kg, respectively). In water, greater force was exerted in kick pull (60.4 [4.8] N) compared with vertical skull (45.5 [6.4] N) and barracuda push (40.6 [4.8] N). Bone measurements were correlated with the peak ground-reaction forces exerted in both dry jumps (r = .61–.83, P ≤ .05) and the peak force output of the in-water exercises (r = .63–.80, P ≤ .05). Conclusion: These results imply robust bone health among artistic swimmers, partially associated with the high muscle forces regularly applied during their sport-specific training that seem to counteract the low-impact nature of the sport.