bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction Using a Bilobed Flap in a Patient With Recurrent Neck Soft Tissue Metastasis From Oral Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Wu Jiun-Yi , Liao Li-Jen , Cheng Po-Wen , Lo Wu-Chia
Published: December 2024

Soft tissue defects in the head and neck are frequently encountered, often resulting from trauma or the surgical management of malignancies. Flap reconstruction plays a critical role in the closure of these defects, aiming to minimize complications and improve cosmetic outcomes. While various flap techniques are commonly utilized in head and neck reconstruction, to the best of our knowledge, the bilobed flap has not been previously reported in this anatomical region. We present a case involving a patient with a complex underlying medical condition, which elevated the risks associated with prolonged anesthesia. In light of these considerations, we opted to use a bilobed flap, which was successfully employed for the reconstruction of an intermediate-sized soft tissue defect in the right submental area following resection of recurrent oral cancer. After undergoing multiple surgeries and concurrent chemoradiotherapy, the 65-year-old male patient developed significant neck stiffness, making direct closure unfeasible and traditional local flap techniques ineffective for wound management. The bilobed flap was meticulously planned, with the first lobe positioned over the adjacent site of the right submental defect and the second lobe located next to the first lobe, employing a double transposition design. The flap healed without complications, and the patient experienced a good recovery. This case report underscores the effectiveness of bilobed flaps in reconstructing moderate-sized soft tissue defects in patients with recurrent neck metastatic oral cancer after previous neck dissection and concurrent chemoradiotherapy.
Retirement and Organizations: Advocating Organizational Responsibility for Retirement in Practice and Scholarship
Authors: Caines Valerie , Ertug Gokhan , Bordia Prashant , Schleicher Deidra J
Published: December 2024

In this editorial we discuss organizations’ role in the process of retirement. We argue that organizations have abdicated their moral obligation to older workers, thereby negatively impacting older workers’ wellbeing and their successful transition to retirement. We also note that organizational studies scholars have not paid adequate attention to that negligence, or its alternatives. We suggest that, among other reasons, this oversight can be a result of the comparatively privileged socioeconomic positions of faculty in business schools vis-à-vis older workers in many other occupations, as well as to a discord between traditional human capital and human resource management theories and modern retirement practices. Organizations exert significant influence on how and when workers retire, in ways that are related both to their treatment of older workers and their failure to provide adequate retirement support. These place the onus unduly on individuals to manage their own retirement while simultaneously restricting their control over retirement decisions. We call for renewed research attention to organizations’ role in retirement planning and decisions in pursuit of a more inclusive and socially responsible organizational approach to workforce aging and retirement.
Using Generalized Linear Mixed Models in the Analysis of Count and Rate Data in Single-case Eperimental Designs: A Step-by-step Tutorial
Authors: Li Haoran , Baek Eunkyeng , Luo Wen , Du Wenyi , Lam Kwok Hap
Published: December 2024

Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) have great potential to deal with count and rate data in single-case experimental designs (SCEDs). However, applied researchers face challenges to apply such an advanced approach in their own studies. Hence, our study aimed to provide a tutorial and demonstrate a step-by-step procedure of using GLMMs to handle SCED count and rate outcomes. We utilized an empirical examplewith a purpose to examine the effect of prelinguistic milieu teaching (PMT) on prelinguistic intentional communication for six school-age children with autism. The outcomes were sustained intentional communication (frequency count) and initiated intentional communication (rate). A step-by-step analytical approach with GLMMs was illustrated and associated R and SAS code was provided. The results overall supported the original conclusions of the effectiveness of PMT, whereas additional evidence regarding the precise estimate of the individual treatment effect and between-case variation of the treatment effect were also interpreted. The implications of the similarities and differences between the findings based on GLMMs and from the original study were discussed.
Why (and how) statues matter
Authors: Stopford Richard John
Published: December 2024

In this paper, I consider the import of the metaphysics of statues to the decolonizing statues debate. On the one hand, this may seem an odd starting point: after all, the issues surrounding decolonizing statues are political, moral and, perhaps, aesthetic. I agree; however, presuppositions about the nature of statues may well be shaping the political imaginary about decolonizing statues. Indeed, when expressing political and moral claims such as ‘decolonizing statues erases history’, or that ‘decolonizing statues destroys objects that help us to remember a (bygone) past’, I suggest that, from a metaphysical point of view, this relies on a notion of statues as singular objects. Drawing upon material constitution debates in metaphysics, I suggest that thinking about statues as multiple, co-locating objects, might deepen our theoretical understanding of decolonial activism because it allows us to think about the relationship of statues to history and culture in a much more critical way. As such, my analysis is intended to extend our metaphysical understanding of decolonial activism. Furthermore, it stands as a challenge to anyone who thinks that certain effects to history and culture follow, metaphysically speaking, from decolonial activism.
Proceedings of the 2024 Division of Translational Toxicology Satellite Symposium
Authors: Quist Erin M. , Choudhary Shambhunath , Lejeune Typhaine , Mackey Emily , Thakur Priyanka , Hobbie Kristen , Duggan Amanda
Published: December 2024

The 2024 annual Division of Translational Toxicology (DTT) Satellite Symposium, entitled “Pathology Potpourri,” was held in Baltimore, Maryland, at the Society of Toxicologic Pathology’s 42nd annual meeting. The goal of this symposium was to present and discuss challenging diagnostic pathology and/or nomenclature issues. This article presents summaries of the speakers’ talks along with select images that were used by the audience for voting and discussion. Various lesions and topics covered during the symposium included induced nonneoplastic lesions in the mouse kidney, induced and spontaneous neoplastic lesions in the mouse lung, infectious and proliferative lesions in nonhuman primates, an interesting inflammatory lesion in a transgenic mouse strain, and a lesson on artifact recognition.
The Effects of Regional Banks on Carbon Emissions: A Quasi-Natural Experiment of City Commercial Banks in China
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxiao , Lin Junjie , Zhang Hua , Shahzad Umer
Published: December 2024

Financial support is essential to reduce carbon emissions (CEs) and achieve the green transformation of China. To detect the nexus of local finance and CEs, we constructed a two-sector (clean and dirty sectors) model to identify the channels from city commercial banks (CCBs) to CEs involving capital scale, structure, and efficiency. Using the setting of CCBs as a quasi-natural experiment, we applied difference-in-differences (DID), instrument variable (IV), and spatial DID methods to test the effects of the construction of CCBs on CEs in China during 2003 to 2018. The construction of CCBs promoted CEs in cities by offsetting the technological effect and stimulating electricity consumption expansion (scale effect) and reindustrialization (structural effect). CCBs’ branches strengthened the promotion effect of CCBs’ construction on CEs, but the mergers of CCBs mitigated the effect. The effects varied across regions with different features (covering location, per capita income, financial development, environmental regulation, industrial and energy structure, carbon source, and so on). The construction of CCBs showed a spatial spillover effect, increasing the CEs of neighbors. Accordingly, suggestions were proposed to reduce CEs by optimizing CCBs management, policy making, and local carbon reduction efforts.

JEL Classification: E44, G28, O16
Spillover Effects and Regional Determinants in the Ecuadorian Clean-Cooking Program: A Spatiotemporal Econometric Analysis
Authors: Obaco Moisés , Davi-Arderius Daniel , Pontarollo Nicola
Published: December 2024

Developing countries are making great efforts to electrify, reduce dependence on fossil fuels and deal with climate change. In 2014, Ecuador launched the clean-cooking program Programa de Cocción Eficiente (PCE) aimed at replacing liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-fired cookstoves and boilers with electric devices. This paper explores the spatial determinants of participation in this program using detailed subnational socioeconomic data and a monthly electricity dataset (2015–2021) at the parish level. We identify relevant spillover effects in participation, which are higher in parishes with a better quality of supply. Moreover, participation in other subsidized programs positively affects participation in the PCE. Policy recommendations include the need to perform detailed spatial analyses and implement a place-based approach to these programs, considering potential spatial effects and the spatial heterogeneity of parishes. Finally, regulatory incentives to improve the quality of supply are essential to increasing the success of these programs.

JEL Classification: Q01, Q43, Q52, Q56
Association between the number of glucose-lowering drugs in use, diet quality, and nutrient intake among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bussuan Renata Maksoud , Bersch-Ferreira Ângela Cristine , Marcadenti Aline
Published: December 2024

Background

The use of several glucose-lowering drugs (GLDs) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus is common, but their effects on dietary intake have been little explored.

Aim

Our study aimed to examine the association between the number of GLDs used by adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and their diet quality and nutrient intake.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a Brazilian national multicenter randomized clinical trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged >30 years. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, biochemical, and anthropometric information and food intake data (24-h dietary recall). Diet quality was assessed by the modified Alternative Healthy Eating Index. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the association of dietary intake with the number of GLDs in use.

Results

Our analysis included data from a total of 363 participants, mean age of 60.8 ± 9.5 years, and mean glycated hemoglobin of 8.7 ± 1.5%. Of these, 28.1% were taking one GLD; 48.8% were taking two GLDs; and 23.1% were taking ≥3 GLDs. We found no difference in diet quality, but the intake of total polyunsaturated fatty acids and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids was different between the three groups ( p ≤ 0.03). However, this association was no longer seen after adjusting for age, sex, duration of diabetes, prior diagnosis of dyslipidemia, physical activity and mean monthly family income.

Conclusions

We did not find an association between the number of GLDs in use and either diet quality or nutrient intake in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Open source software use characteristics Among library personnel in southwest, Nigerian universities
Authors: Oyedodun Siddiqah Olatope , Adetoro Niran
Published: December 2024

The study investigated utilization of open source library software among personnel in universities in Southwest region of Nigeria and adopted descriptive research design with a population of 731 library personnel from 49 universities. Purposive sampling was adopted to select 33 university libraries using at least one of the identified open source library software and total enumeration of 666 personnel from these libraries made the study respondents. A self-designed, self-reporting and validated questionnaire (α = 0.99) was used as data collection instrument while questionnaire was administered for a period of 8 weeks. 615 questionnaires administered, 549 returned and 527 useful were analyzed with SPSS using descriptive statistics. Result review that 79.3% of respondents used Koha and the software is frequently use for cataloguing & classification, access web OPAC and register patrons. With x̅ 1 = 3.18 and x̅ 2 = 3.15, the respondents moderately utilize the software while the major challenges primarily revolve around training and technical expertise. The study recommended that libraries should develop strategies to address training gaps of library personnel among others.
Effect of V addition on hot deformation behavior of Fe-8Mn-7Al-5Ni-xV-0.3C low-density steel
Authors: Zhang Xiaofeng , Lin Fangmin , Yang Yong , Xing Mei , Zhou Huasheng , Zhao Xinlei , Liu Yanchun
Published: December 2024

In this work, the hot deformation behavior of Fe-8Mn-7Al-5Ni- xV( x = 0, 0.4, 0.8)-0.3C low-density steel has been investigated at 950, 1000, and 1050 °C, along with strain rates of 0.01, 0.05 and 0.1 s−1. The constitutive equation and processing maps are established, and the microstructure of unstable regions and the influence of V element on DRX are analyzed. The optimum hot working conditions of 0 V steel, 0.4 V steel, and 0.8 V experimental steel fall within a strain rate of 0.01∼0.02 s−1. The optimum deformation temperatures are about 950 °C, 1050 °C, and 950∼970 °C or 1020∼1050 °C, respectively. Adding V element leads to the formation of the VC precipitation phase in ferrite, consuming many carbon atoms and weakening austenite stability in the steel.
Accumulative roll bonding (ARB) and Cross accumulative roll bonding (CARB) in aluminum: A review
Authors: Trajano Adriano A. , Corrêa Elaine Carballo Siqueira , Aguilar Maria Teresa P. , Cetlin Paulo Roberto
Published: December 2024

Severe plastic deformation of metals has been employed to achieve significant grain refinement and consequent strengthening of materials. Prominent techniques in this domain are Accumulative Roll Bonding (ARB) and Cross Accumulative Roll Bonding (CARB), which is a variation of the ARB process. ARB and CARB are also employed for manufacturing Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs), involving a variety of combined matrix materials and reinforcements. This review covers the existing literature on Aluminum ARB and CARB, including aspects on the bonding mechanisms, rolling parameters, formation of nano-scale grains and their role on the resulting product strengthening. Electrochemical, toughness, and fatigue aspects are also covered, as well as the manufacturing of heterostructured materials and possible future developments of both methods.
Dual-arm shaping of soft objects in 3D based on visual servoing and online FEM simulations
Authors: Saghour Célia , Navarro-Alarcón David , Fraisse Philippe , Cherubini Andrea
Published: December 2024

In this work, we propose a vision-based and finite element method (FEM)-based controller to automate the 3D shaping of soft objects with dual-arm robots. Our controller relies on a data-based approach to learn how the robot’s actions result in object deformations, while also running FEM-based simulations to infer the shape of the whole body. These model-based simulations are used to generate initial shape data, allowing to extract visual features through a principal component analysis and thus estimate the interaction matrix of the object–robot system. In contrast with most existing shape servoing controllers, our new model-based approach continuously predicts the object deformations produced by the robot, which are then compared to the visually observed deformation feedback. This iterative process enables to correct the deformed mesh model before updating the interaction matrix. To validate this new control methodology, we present a detailed experimental study with a dual-arm robot and different soft objects, which showcases the performance of our automatic shaping framework.
Analyzing Systematic Risk in Global Airline Industry: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Bozkurt Melike Aktaş , Köse Yaşar , Bayrak Rıza
Published: December 2024

Beta (β) is associated with the systematic risk of an asset, which is one of the important concepts used in many areas. Accurate estimation of β enables investors, portfolio managers, risk analysts, and financial decision-makers to make effective decisions. Accurate β estimation requires the use of accurate analysis and modeling techniques. In this study, the systematic risk of airline companies traded on the U.S., European, and Turkish stock exchanges between 2015 and 2023 is evaluated, and the impact of different methods on β estimates is analyzed. Furthermore, the impact of machine learning (ML) algorithms on β estimation compared with traditional regression methods is examined. It is concluded that Lasso Regression is the algorithm with the lowest error and the highest R2 value among the methods used in the analysis of the data set consisting of airline companies, and the index returns on which β estimates obtained with ML algorithms are different from traditional regression indicate that the methods and model specifications used in the calculation of β estimates may change. ML algorithms improve forecasting performance by providing a more flexible and sophisticated modeling approach.
Alternative Design Approach Addressing High Shear Demands in Rock Sockets
Authors: Rolwes Lawrence E. , Bennier David J.
Published: December 2024

It is a common strategy to “socket” drilled shafts into rock to develop lateral or axial capacity where overburden soils are shallow and/or relatively weak compared with the underlying rock formation. Methods of numerically modeling soil-structure interaction using discrete, nonlinear springs representing soil response as a function of pile discplacement (p-y methods) demonstrate shear forces near the top of the rock sockets that are significantly larger than the applied forces to the drilled shaft. The amplification effect has been shown to decrease with decreasing rock quality. The ensuing shear forces can often significantly exceed the structural capacity of rock sockets as calculated using traditional sectional methods with practical reinforcing ratios. Considering the mechanics and geometric characteristics of load transfer through the rock socket into the supporting geomaterial, it is apparent these elements should be characterized as D-regions for which an STM approach is an appropriate tool for assessing the rock socket structural capacity. Such an approach has been demonstrated to yield drilled shaft and rock socket sections that are more economical and constructable.
International Application of the Working With Older Adult Scale
Authors: Strong Jessica V. , Inman Morgan , Mac-Ikpulu Telimoye , Graham Kirsten
Published: December 2024

The workforce is not prepared to meet the needs of the number of older adults (OAs) across the globe. The study examines the Theory of Planned Behavior via the Working with Older Adults Scale (WOAS) in a group of university-aged international students to better understand global perceptions of working with older adults. We also compared North American and International students’ attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and intention to work with older adults. Students were enrolled at a public university in Canada. Participants completed the WOAS, Ageism Attitude Scale, and answered an open-ended question, “How are older adults viewed in your culture?” Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control predicted Intention to work with older adults for the full sample, and subgroups. While there were many similarities, North Americans had lower intention to work with older adults and higher ageism than International students. Further research is necessary to understand these cultural nuances.
Serious Mental Illness, Substance Use Disorder, and Nursing Home Care: A Narrative Review of the Literature
Authors: Helmly Victoria , Rask Kimberly , Berelowitz Jacob , Craft Morgan Jennifer
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of serious mental illness (SMI) and substance use disorders (SUD) among residents in skilled nursing homes is increasing yet staff are generally not equipped to care for these residents. There is a pressing need to identify and assess practices, including training, intervention, screening, and service integration, that can support nursing home staff to better support residents with SMI and SUD. This narrative literature review examines the literature to identify what is known about this population as well as the current state of care, barriers to better care, and promising practices to support improved outcomes. Using the evidence from the peer-reviewed literature, the authors make recommendations to advance research and practice for this growing population of residents. Strategies to integrate behavioral health services into the nursing home and provide more holistic programmatic social support, behavioral health, and community integration strategies in nursing homes appear to be promising practices.
Codevelopment of the dark triad and depressiveness from emerging adulthood to midlife
Authors: Braig Anna , Gonzalez Avilés Tita , Neyer Franz J.
Published: December 2024

Personality development from emerging adulthood onwards is marked by traits becoming more socially desirable. However, little research exists on developmental trends of so-called dark personality traits. Moreover, the current understanding of longitudinal trends and associations with mental health remains unclear. Addressing this gap, the present study analyzed average (mean-level) changes of the dark triad traits (Machiavellianism, psychopathy, and narcissism) in three birth cohorts over a 4-year period spanning emerging adulthood to midlife, as well as their concurrent and longitudinal associations with depressiveness. We used three data waves, each 2 years apart, from the German Family Panel ( pairfam) to perform growth curve models. The final sample included N = 5,127 participants ranging from 22 to 46 years ( Mage at T1 = 34.59). Results indicated a significant linear downward trend for Machiavellianism and for psychopathy but no linear change in narcissism. All dark triad traits had moderate positive correlations with depressiveness, and changes in these traits showed moderate to strong correlations with changes in depressiveness. Overall, the findings suggest that from emerging adulthood into midlife, individuals high in Machiavellianism and psychopathy develop towards greater social desirability.
Feeling Uncomfortable
Authors: Bunkers Sandra Schmidt
Published: December 2024

The universal humanuniverse experience of feeling uncomfortable is examined with findings from a humanbecoming inquiry on feeling uncomfortable as well as with storytelling and poetry.
Scholarship and the Importance of Structures Supporting Scholarship
Authors: Carroll Karen
Published: December 2024

Scholarship and the impact of scholarship represents an important and relevant phenomenon within nursing that crosses the history of the discipline. An important consideration is to reflect on the defining characteristics of scholarship and to consider the underlying structures that support scholarship. This preliminary article of this practice column provides a brief review and consideration.
Nurse Scholars and Crafting Policy
Authors: Ortiz Mario R.
Published: December 2024

Nurses utilize knowledge in all aspects of their roles across all settings. In this paper, the author explored how nursing and health policies may be crafted by nurse scholars grounded in the models and theories of nursing, such as humanbecoming. Nurse scholars will continue to serve others as the century unfolds by crafting policies that shape the betterment of society.
Preserving Creativity in Nurse Education
Authors: Hamilton Teresa
Published: December 2024

In this column on the humanbecoming teaching-learning model, the author explores creativity in nurse education as an alternative to routinized learning strategies. There is an explanation of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) Essentials, domains, competencies, subcompetencies, concepts, and spheres of care, followed by an explanation of competency-based education. These topics are contrasted with the humanbecoming paradigm and the humanbecoming teaching-learning model. Infusing artforms in teaching-learning nursing is proposed as a way to preserve creativity. An assignment with first-semester pre-licensure students is explained and exemplars are provided to demonstrate the preservation of creativity while teaching-learning nurse students.
Thoughts About Stressors: A Neuman Systems Model Perspective
Authors: Fawcett Jacqueline , McDowell Betsy M. , Beckman Sarah , Green-Laughlin DeLyndia , Helewka Anna , Breckenridge Diane
Published: December 2024

In this essay, we discuss the definition and interpretation of stressors from the perspective of the Neuman Systems Model. A distinctive aspect is the emphasis on the client system’s perception of each stressor as beneficial (positive), noxious (negative), or both beneficial and noxious. The client system’s perceptions of the stressors determine the wellness goals that are needed and guide the selection of necessary prevention-as-intervention strategies for achieving those goals. Several examples of stressors are included, as are two case studies.
Digitalisation and the Remaking of the Ideal Worker
Authors: Howcroft Debra , Banister Emma , Jarvis-King Laura , Rubery Jill , Távora Isabel
Published: December 2024

The ideal worker concept, typified by an unencumbered male, continues to influence workplace norms, despite a more gender-mixed workforce. This article examines whether this concept is being disrupted or reproduced as digitalisation becomes increasingly embedded in the workplace. Based on qualitative research in two professional services firms, the analysis shows how the ideal worker themes of work prioritisation and presenteeism have been maintained but adapted. Significantly, the study reveals how the novel dimension of connectedness is reshaping the ideal worker norm as enhanced digitalisation becomes interwoven in social relations. This has modified informal expectations about how, when and where work is performed, altering work organisation. This reconfiguration may in principle broaden scope for conformity with the ideal worker model, but in practice the heightened intrusion of work demands on personal time and into domestic space potentially works against gender equality.
Acceptability and feasibility of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Southeast Asia: A scoping review
Authors: Espera Justitia Roma , Reyes Chaia Alyssa , Sarmiento Erla Grace , Sitchon Czarina Mae , Zantua Roueline , Carandang Rogie Royce
Published: December 2024

Background

The availability of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Southeast Asia remains limited compared to regions like Western Europe or North America. Additionally, little is known about how key populations in Southeast Asia perceive the use of PrEP as a prevention tool for HIV. This scoping review aims to provide an overview of the literature on the acceptability and feasibility of HIV PrEP programs in Southeast Asia.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search using nine electronic databases, gray literature searches, and hand searches of references in included full-text articles. Following PRISMA guidelines for scoping reviews, we focused on original research articles published in English from July 2012 to December 2022. A narrative synthesis was used to summarize the findings.

Results

We identified 8,871 articles through the database search, removed 1,094 duplicates, and excluded 7,745 articles after title and abstract screening. Over 28 articles met the inclusion criteria. The use of PrEP was found to be highly acceptable, with participants showing a willingness to use and pay for it, moderate usage rates, convenience, and preference over other prevention methods. It was also considered highly feasible due to its effectiveness and successful program implementation. However, barriers included risk compensation, concerns about side effects, the burden of daily pill administration, and, most commonly noted in studies, cost.

Conclusion

HIV PrEP has been shown to be both acceptable and feasible. The necessity for direct efforts to expand PrEP access in Southeast Asia and address barriers to its uptake and adherence underscores the importance of ongoing monitoring and implementation.
The influence of Zn on the deposition of HA on sol-gel derived bioactive glass
Authors: Du Rui Lin , Chang Jiang
Published: December 2024

To evaluate the influence of Zn on the formation of hydroxyapatite (HA), zinc-containing glass 58S4Z was prepared by substitution of CaO with 4 wt% ZnO in 58S bioactive glass, and Zn-containing simulated body fluid (ZnSBF) was prepared as soaking fluid. During the soaking, all samples could induce the deposition of HA, but 58S4Z in SBF and 58S in ZnSBF showed lower formation rate of HA than 58S in SBF, which suggests that both the Zn in glass and the Zn2+ in soaking fluid retarded the deposition of HA. The ICP and EDS analysis results indicated that the main factor was the preferential reaction of Zn2+ with PO4 3−, which resulted in a decrease of the PO4 3− concentration in soaking fluid and the nucleation of HA. Besides the inhibitory effect of Zn2+ in the soaking fluid, Zn in 58S4Z glass caused a lower release rate of Ca2+ in the initial soaking periods because of the lower CaO content as compared with 58S, and resulted in a lower nucleation rate of HA. The results suggested that small amount of Zn in bioactive glass retarded the nucleation of HA, but with the exhaustion of Zn2+ by PO4 3−, it did not affect the long-term deposition of HA in SBF.
Bone response to titanium implants coated with thin sputtered HA film subject to hydrothermal treatment and implanted in the canine mandible
Authors: Ozeki K. , Okuyama Y. , Fukui Y. , Aoki H.
Published: December 2024

Hydroxyapatite (HA) was coated onto titanium implants using radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The HA films were crystallized in an autoclave tube using low temperature hydrothermal treatment. The average film thickness on the implant was 1.1 μm. HA-coated and pure-titanium implants were inserted into canine mandibles for up to 24 weeks. Forty-eight implants were placed in eight beagles. After 2, 4, 12 and 24 weeks, implants were retrieved and prepared for histological observation, and the HA film thickness was determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Light microscopy revealed that, after two weeks, the bone response to the HA-coated implants was much better than to the pure titanium implants, and osteoblasts were observed at the bone–implant interface. After four weeks, the screw threads of the HA-coated implants were almost completely covered with bone. The HA film thickness rapidly decreased up to four weeks of implantation, then gently decreased, reaching 0.40±0.03 μm at the upper region of the implant after 12 weeks. That indicates that about 80% of the HA film had dissolved after 12 weeks of implantation. The rate of decrease in the HA film thickness was greater with increasing implant depth.
The effect of interspinous ligament integrity on adjacent segment instability after lumbar instrumentation and laminectomy – An experimental study in porcine model
Authors: Chen Lih-Huei , Lai Po-Liang , Tai Ching-Lung , Niu Chi-Chien , Fu Tsai-Sheng , Chen Wen-Jer
Published: December 2024

Eight fresh porcine lumbar spines received a posterior instrumentation at L4–L5 using pedicle screw–rod system. Each specimen was tested utilizing laminectomies of varying extent. Group A (Integrity) preserved the spinous process and interspinous ligament; Group B (Partial laminectomy) removed the inferior portion of L4 spinous process and preserved the interspinous ligament of L3–L4; Group C (Complete laminectomy) removed the entire L4 spinous process. Hydraulic testing machine was used to generate an increasing moment up to 8400 N mm in flexion and extension. The intervertebral displacement on the superior adjacent disc between L3–L4 was measured using an extensometer. Under extension, no significant difference in the intervertebral displacement was observed among three different models of laminectomy. However, under flexion, the intervertebral displacement on adjacent disc with complete laminectomy was statistically larger than those of integrity and partial laminectomies (P=0.000976 and P=0.0363, respectively). No difference was found between integrity and partial laminectomy groups (P>0.05). This study implies that an instrumented spine with integrity of posterior complex is less likely to develop adjacent instability than a spine with destruction of the anchoring point for supraspinous ligament.
Detection of atherosclerosis using autoregressive modelling and principles component analysis to carotid artery Doppler signals
Authors: Kara Sadık , Dirgenali Fatma
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to evaluate principal component analysis method to power spectral density acquired with autoregressive modeling (AR) of carotid artery Doppler signals. Carotid artery Doppler signals from patient with atherosclerosis and healthy subjects were recorded. Afterwards, power spectral densities of these signals were obtained using AR method. The basic differences between the healthy and patients were obtained with 1st principal component obviously. These results could be extrapolated to situations involving noninvasive measurement where PCA can be extremely time saving. As a result the patient and healthy groups are separated clearly from each other via an arbitrary power function y=ax with perfect accuracy resulting in a precision sensitivity and specificity of 100 percent and the use of PCA of physiological waveform is presented as a powerful method likely to be incorporated in future medical signal processing.
Development of an enhanced leg muscle rehabilitation system
Authors: Yang Cheng-Huei , Huang Hsiu-Chen , Yang Cheng-Hong
Published: December 2024

This paper aims to develop an enhanced rehabilitation and assessment system for people with impaired leg muscles, and for people who need to improve their leg muscle function. Through interactive design and real time evaluation, medical staff can totally control the training situation for patients and therefore provide a better training program, so that overall a better treatment performance can be achieved. The system consists of four major parts. Sensory and signal conversion circuits convert the lever arm lengths and muscle strengths of the leg into a proper electronic signal and then deliver this to the computer. Then, the intelligent and interactive interface design lets a trainee complete the training process independently without the involvement of medical staff. In addition, the trainee can see the training results at the end of the training process on the computer screen. The training protection and evaluation mechanism effectively monitors the training situation, based on the individual status settings by the medical staff, and thus any further impairment can be avoided. The database management system is developed to store related personal data, system settings and training results, which can then be retrieved for control and assessment. In comparison to similar equipment the proposed system demonstrates a much better performance, particularly in system functions, accuracy, operation and costs.
Book review: Jostein Jakobsen and Kenneth Bo Nielsen, Authoritarian Populism and Bovine Political Economy in Modi’s India
Authors: Ragavan Shruti
Published: December 2024

Jostein Jakobsen and Kenneth Bo Nielsen, Authoritarian Populism and Bovine Political Economy in Modi’s India (London: Routledge, 2024), 112 pp. ISBN: 978-1-032-70934-5 (Hardback), £49.99; ISBN: 978-1-032-70937-6 (Paperback); ISBN: 978-1-032-70940-6 (ebook).
Time Diplomacy: Charting a Fresh Course to Implement Solar Technology
Authors: Susarla Arvind S. , Shaji S.
Published: December 2024

Recent scientific reports on climate change highlight the potential for adverse consequences to humanity due to the ‘carbonisation’ of the atmosphere, a global common. Accordingly, at international meetings to address the problem of global commons, diplomacy seeks energy transition, especially by increasing the share of renewable energy. However, the need of the hour is energy transition through nationally determined contributions (NDC) within a short period of time. To achieve this goal, we propose a framework that relies on Track-III diplomacy, and we explicate the argument by using the example of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) that was launched by India and France at the CoP meeting held in Paris. We conclude that to spur the growth of solar technology, there is a need for diplomacy to expand its array of efforts, beyond Track-I and Track-II diplomacy, by creating avenues for the direct involvement of people in the implementation of the agenda for climate change.
Hypolipidemic and Hepatoprotective Effect of Linum usitatissimum and Moringa oleifera Seeds in Diabetic Induced Damage in Rats
Authors: Sahoo Nitu , Bishi Dillip Kumar , Srivastava Vartika , Pattanayak Chaitali , Sarkar Sougata
Published: December 2024

Background

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder and a fast-growing global problem. Studies have shown that Linum usitatissimum has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties that decrease blood sugar and cholesterol levels, and Moringa oleifera possesses hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic effects. Hence, this study investigated both extracts’ hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective effects on diabetes.

Purpose

To study the improvement in glucose level, lipid levels (total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein) and hepatic parameters after giving L. usitatissimum and M. oleifera seed extract combination in diabetic rats.

Methods

A total of 36 healthy male Wistar rats were taken and divided into six groups (groups I–VI). Diabetes was induced by administering a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin in overnight fasted rats. The mixture of aqueous extract of L. usitatissimum and M. oleifera seeds was prepared and given to rats of groups IV–VI daily for 4 weeks. After 28 days, the blood sample was collected from all the rats, and biochemical parameters were determined.

Results

All the values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). Significant decreases in lipid levels, urea, creatinine and liver function tests were seen at the end of 1 month in all the three groups receiving the extract.

Conclusion

From our study, it was found that the administration of L. usitatissimum and M. oleifera seeds extract possesses excellent hypolipidemic and hepatoprotective properties, making them effective in preventing long-term complications of diabetes.
Live music in the ICU: A qualitative study of music students’ perspectives
Authors: Bro Margrethe Langer , Smilde Rineke , Thorn Linette , Fischer Susanne , Hosbond Keld , Larsen Claus Skjold , Dreyer Pia
Published: December 2024

The aim of this hermeneutic-phenomenological study was to explore how 26 music students experienced their artistic practice in and adapted to the intensive care environment. The students participated in a standardized training and performance program, offering patient-tailored music interventions for patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) at two hospitals in Denmark. Each intervention comprised three components: (1) briefing on the patients’ physical and mental condition, (2) intervention, (3) debriefing by the primary investigator, the participant(s), and a nurse. A total of 33 semistructured one-to-one interviews and 135 in vivo observations were conducted during the study, and two semistructured focus-group interviews were carried out afterwards. The analysis revealed five themes concerning artistic practice: (1) Openness to the unknown setting; (2) Heartfelt music with a simple and intimate expression; (3) Sensitivity to the room, bringing artistic awareness to the forefront; (4) Human connectedness through music; and (5) Expanding one’s musical identity. Overall, the participants’ personal, professional, and artistic awareness was further developed, and a nuanced and sensitive attention emerged, achieving artistic flow in the patient’s room. The participants’ values and attitudes entailed trust, honesty, commitment, openness, compassion, and situational awareness while maintaining artistic integrity. A deepened meaning of musical identity arose, discussed here in relation to George Herbert Mead’s theories of the social self. Higher music education (HME) institutions may consider further developing programs for music students that reflect these values and attitudes along with artistic and reflective practices to enhance the role of music in healthcare, thereby contributing to enhanced wellbeing and a sense of cohesion.
Timely written reasons: Enhancing rationality, objectivity and legal accuracy in decision-making
Authors: Donnelly Jason
Published: December 2024

This article explores the vital role of written reasons in legal decision-making, emphasising their importance for transparency, accountability and thorough analysis. It discusses the challenges posed by delayed written reasons, especially in urgent cases, and the potential impact on public trust and fairness. The focus on the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (now the Administrative Review Tribunal) in Australia highlights concerns about transparency when reasons are delayed. Drawing on Justice Thawley's analysis in Verrill, the article underscores the need for timely written reasons to support effective judicial review and to uphold the integrity of the decision-making process.
Relationship between perceived social support, mental adjustment to cancer, and depression among patients with breast cancer
Authors: Panda Tushar Kanta , Swami Mukesh Kumar , Suthar Navratan , Pareek Puneet , Vishnoi Jeewan Ram , Singh Kuldeep
Published: December 2024

Objective

Psychological morbidity is common among patients with breast cancer. The present study aimed to find the relationship between modifiable determinants, that is, perceived social support (PSS) and mental adjustment to cancer (reflecting coping) with depression in patients with breast cancer.

Methods

A total of 76 adult patients with breast cancer undergoing treatment at a tertiary care hospital were recruited in this cross-sectional study. Patients were diagnosed for depression as per ICD-10 criteria. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used for assessing the severity of depression. PSS and coping style were assessed using the Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support and Mini-Mental Adjustment to Cancer scale. We analyzed the data using Fisher exact test, Mann–Whitney U test, Spearman’s correlation, logistic regression, and mediation analysis.

Results

26.3% patients had depression. The logistic regression showed that PSS is a significant predictor of the occurrence of depression in patients with breast cancer (OR = 0.793, 95% CI: 0.634–0.992). The mediation analysis showed that hopelessness-helplessness (a maladaptive subscale) mediates the effects of PSS on depression.

Conclusion

The effect of PSS on the occurrence of depression is mediated through maladaptive coping (hopelessness-helplessness). Accessing these factors can provide an important avenue for psychological intervention in breast cancer patients.
Age-related differences on low back pain and lower extremity isokinetic muscle strength and balance
Authors: Genç Hazal , Demircioğlu Gamze
Published: December 2024

Background: 

Given the growing population of the elderly, understanding how aging impacts pain, muscle strength, and balance, especially in individuals with chronic low back pain, is imperative.

Objective: 

This study aims to investigate age-related differences in lower extremity muscle strength and balance in patients with chronic low back pain.

Methods: 

In this cross-sectional study, 110 people with chronic low back pain were divided into two age groups (Group 1, age: 29.89 ± 6.82, Group 2, age: 51.42 ± 6.33). Both groups used Oswestry for low back pain and disability assessment, isokinetic device for muscle strength, and Biodex Balance System for balance assessment.

Results: 

There were no significant differences between groups in terms of pain (p = 0.426) or disability (p = 0.056). In contrast, significant differences were observed in isokinetic muscle strength: peak torque for the dominant side at 60°/s for quadriceps (p = 0.003) and hamstring (p = 0.007), and at 180°/s for hamstring (p = 0.012) and quadriceps (p = 0.011). The balance assessment revealed significant differences in fall risk (p = 0.004) and postural stability (p = 0.006) variables. The most significant regression association was found between dominant side 60°/s quadriceps and fall risk variables across age groups.

Conclusion: 

Understanding age-related differences in muscle strength and balance among patients with chronic low back pain is critical. Customizing rehabilitation interventions improves efficacy and quality of life. Further research is necessary to optimize clinical approaches and elucidate underlying mechanisms.
Ultrasonographic characteristics of the shoulder in patients with shoulder pain: A retrospective study comparing younger and older age groups
Authors: Vongviboonchai Apichai , Saengsuwan Jittima , Sirasaporn Patpiya
Published: December 2024

Background

Shoulder pain can be caused by structures within the shoulder joint or external structure to shoulder and the prevalence of shoulder pain is high.

Objective

The purpose was to investigate the ultrasonographic characteristics of patients with shoulder pain and to study the association between age groups (less than 60 years vs. 60 years and above) and commonly found abnormal ultrasonographic findings.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on 253 patients experiencing shoulder pain over a month. Data included gender, age, side of pain, pain duration, painful area, previous treatments, clinical assessment of shoulder pain. The abnormal findings in shoulder ultrasound images were reported, and the association between age group with common ultrasound abnormalities were analyzed using the chi-square test.

Results

Common abnormal ultrasound findings included subdeltoid bursitis (82.7%), biceps tendon effusion (48.7%), and supraspinatus tendinosis (44.2%). Moreover, patients aged 60 years and above had a significantly higher prevalence of biceps tendon effusion (53.6% vs 36.0%), supraspinatus tendon tear (19.3% vs 8.6%) and subscapularis tendon tear (6.1% vs 1.4%) compared to those aged less than 60 years.

Conclusion

The common abnormal ultrasound findings in patients with shoulder pain were subdeltoid bursitis, biceps tendon effusion and supraspinatus tendinosis. Patients aged 60 years and above had a significantly higher prevalence of biceps tendon effusion and tears in the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons.