bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Importance of handwashing prior to wound dressings in prevention of nosocomial infection in surgical wards
Authors: S. Athavale Virendra , P. Lad Aditya , G. Raval Bhoomi , C. Bhide Prachi , A. Shetty Iresh
Published: March 2018

Background: Nosocomial infections have been recognized for more than a century as a critical problem affecting the quality of health care provided in hospitals. In this study we are assessing the nosocomial infection in surgical wards and creating awareness among resident doctors about the same.Methods: All 3 years surgery residents were taken for the study. Study was done from July 2015 to August 2017. They were given KAP questionnaire before and after the study to assess the basic knowledge about nosocomial infection and handwashing (1 mark for each correct answer). From each resident doctor 3 swab samples will be taken after doing dressing of the same patient having significant wound discharge. The first swab sample will be taken immediately after dressing without doing any type of handwashing. The second swab sample will be taken after doing dressing of the same patient and after handwashing with soap and water. The third swab sample will be taken after doing dressing of the same patient and handwashing with sterilium. All these reports were compared with patient’s wound swab to assess the role of doctor’s hand in spreading nosocomial infection. At the end of study proper knowledge hand hygiene and hand washing was spread.Results: We observed that out of 58 surgery residents total of 47 residents were having positive microbiological swabs without any type of handwashing; 24 residents were having positive swabs even after washing hands with soap and water; 3 residents were having positive swab after washing hands with sterilium. Which suggests that resident doctors were not maintaining hand hygiene. In our KAP based assessment only 31% resident doctors could give >50% correct answers before the study and 96% resident doctors could give >50% correct answers after the study.Conclusion: At the end of the study ideal method of handwashing was taught. We have also assessed basic knowledge of resident doctors regarding hand hygiene and nosocomial infection. We have spread the knowledge and awareness of appropriate type of handwashing among resident doctors.
Glue versus suture for mesh fixation in open inguinal hernia repair
Authors: S. Jeyakumar , Chitrambalam Tharun Ganapathy , Chandrasekaran Shruthi
Published: March 2018

Background: Inguinal hernia is the most common surgical problem presenting to the surgical OPD. Lichenstein’s tension free hernioplasty is the one of the first surgeries learnt by surgical residents. Pain after inguinal hernia surgery is found to be debilitating and alters the quality of life in several patients, which has been attributed to the traumatic fixation of the mesh with sutures. Hence this study, to compare traumatic and atraumatic methods of mesh fixation in inguinal hernia repair. The aim of this study was to compare suture fixation versus tissue glue fixation of the mesh in inguinal hernia repair. Objective was to compare the immediate and chronic post- operative pain, intra operative time and complications if any.Methods: This study was done in the General Surgery Department of SRM Hospital, Medical College and Research Centre, Kattangulathur after ethics committee clearance. It is a single blinded study conducted on 51 consenting patients and meeting the inclusion criteria from March 2016 to August 2017, of which 26 were selected for glue (N Butyl-2-Cyanoacrylate) fixation and 25 for suture fixation according to simple randomization. A note of the pain on VAS scale at various time intervals, operative time and any complications were also recorded was made.Results: Results developed using SPSS software show a significant difference in the intraoperative time by both methods, with glue taking a significantly lower time than sutures. A Significantly lower immediate and chronic postoperative pain is observed in the glue group. However, the complication rates in both the groups were found to be equal.Conclusion: It can thus be concluded from this study that tissue glue mesh fixation is superior to suture mesh fixation in open inguinal repair in terms of operative time, immediate and chronic post-operative time.
Comparative study of inguinal versus scrotal approach in idiopathic vaginal hydrocele.
Authors: Agnihotri Ishan Prafulla , Jain S. C. , Swarnkar Manish M.
Published: March 2018

Background: Hydrocele is a common cause of painless scrotal swelling worldwide.Methods: Hydrocele is a common cause of painless scrotal swelling worldwide. This prospective study was carried out at AVBRH, Sawangi Wardha, Maharashtra, India with the aim of comparing scrotal and inguinal approaches of hydrocelectomy. 100 patients were enrolled between September 2015 and September 2017 and were randomly selected for inguinal and scrotal approaches (n=50 each). They were compared on the basis of volume of hydrocele sac, operative time, post-operative hospital stay, post-operative complications, number of doses of injectable analgesia required and time of return to daily life activity.Results: The patients’ age ranged from 23 to 65 years (42.80±9.73 years) in the inguinal approach group and 22 to 65 years (41.30±11.21 years) in the scrotal approach group. Operative time in the scrotal approach group was less and was associated with more post-operative complications (pain and scrotal edema being frequent), longer hospital stay, increased requirement of injectable analgesia dosage. On the other hand, inguinal approach group had a marginally longer operative time and was associated with less post-operative pain, none to minimal complications, less hospital stay and early return to daily life activities.  Conclusions: Thus, hydrocelectomy by inguinal approach is an effective alternative method for the treatment of idiopathic hydrocele.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: clinical features, endoscopic findings and response to treatment
Authors: U. D. Manoranjan , S. Nikhil , M. N. Divyarani , N. T. Akhila
Published: March 2018

Background: Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) considered to be an allergic inflammatory disorder of the esophagus characterised by an inherent impairment in epithelial barrier integrity, possibly worsened by reflux of gastric contents. The aim of this study was to study EoE and its clinical and endoscopic evaluation and response to treatment with relapse rates.Methods: Fifty patients in the study were selected based on a review of biopsy results from previous endoscopies performed between August 2015 to August 2017. All patients with biopsy-proven EoE, defined as more than 20 eosinophils/HPF. Biopsy samples were taken from the mid and distal esophagus and sent for analysis. The endoscopic findings were noted grossly. Twenty five patients were started on PPI’s only and the remaining 25 patients were started on fluticasone MDI 440mcg inhaled two times day and PPI. Follow up of the patients was done at 1, 3 and 6 months after treatment.Results: The mean age in the study population was 42 years, males affected more often (64%) with rings and corrugations and linear furrows being the most commonly seen endoscopic findings (64% and 27%). Normal study was seen in 40% of the patients. Most common symptom was dysphagia 26%. Steroids are the mainstay of the treatment along with PPI. Relapse rate was 61.1% in the study.Conclusions: EoE is an inflammatory condition of the oesophagus that occurs predominantly in young and middle-aged men, EE should be strongly considered in those who present with dysphagia and/or food impaction, particularly with a history of atopic disorders. Swallowed fluticasone is a safe and effective treatment; however, relapse rates are very high. In adults, there remains a need for a randomized controlled trial to assess the safety and efficacy of various treatment modalities.
A clinical study of management of Fournier’s gangrene in a rural hospital
Authors: Shivaraju Purushotham T. , Ganapathy Ponnappa B. , N. Naveen , N. Pruthvika
Published: March 2018

Background: Fournier’s gangrene is a potentially life threatening synergistic necrotising fascitis of external genitalia and perineal tissues. It commonly affects young men but can also affect women and children. The use of broad spectrum antibiotics and serial wound debridement is the main stay of treatment. The reconstruction of soft tissue defect following the debridement is a challenging task. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the surgical reconstruction methods of soft tissue defects due to Fournier's gangrene.Methods: This was a prospective study conducted in Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences from January 2015 to December 2017. All patients with necrotizing fascitis of external genitalia and perineum, irrespective of age and gender, were included. Parameters such as age, gender, aetiology, predisposing factors, clinical features, defect location, type of bacterial flora, sort of reconstructive procedure used, and duration of hospital stay, post-operative pain, patient satisfaction and mortality, if any, were studied. The choice of reconstructive procedure was based on severity of defect, availability of local tissue and patient preference.Results: Out of 31 cases included in the study, 30 patients underwent reconstructive procedures. The age range was 4 to 74 years (mean 38.5). The commonest presentation was pain, scrotal swelling and fever. The most common aetiology was urogenital diseases. 10 patients were treated by split-thickness skin graft, 5 by secondary suturing, 2 by unilateral superomedial thigh flap, 4 by bilateral superomedial thigh flap, 5 by tensor fascia lata flap, 2 by medial thigh V-Y advancement flap, 2 with perineal artery flap and one case healed by secondary intention.Conclusions: This study suggests that earlier presentation, with early diagnosis and intervention with prompt debridement and appropriate, appropriate antibiotics are the main stays of treatment. The resulting soft tissue defects following wound debridement required surgical reconstruction, except in one case, thus decreasing morbidity, hospital stay and early return of patients to regular life.
Physical fitness and body fatness are associated with mental health in Korean young adults: a cross sectional study
Authors: Oh Minsuk , Kang Dong-Woo , Kim Dong-Il , Lee Junga , Yoon Seok , Kim YoonMyung , Chung Kyong-Mee , Lee Hae-Dong , Lee Ji-Won , Jeon Justin Y.
Published: March 2018

Background: It has been recognized that body fatness and mental disorders have association, however very limited evidence have proved that physical fitness and mental health have association. Relationship between physical fitness and mental health in young adults has not been fully proved. The purpose of the study was to investigate the association between physical fitness, body fatness, and mental health in young adults.Methods: A total of 149 (97 males and 52 females) college students were included. Physical fitness (sit-ups, push-ups, 1 mile run/walk), and body mass index (BMI) was measured, and psychological questionnaires including life satisfaction, self-efficacy, the beck depression inventory (BDI), and adult self report (ASR) were administered. The levels of physical fitness and BMI were classified into tertile groups and were analyzed.Results: Female participants with the highest tertile of BMI had highest ASR score (p<0.05). Participants with highest level of physical fitness showed higher level of self-efficacy in both males and females (p<0.05). In both male and female, physical fitness was a significant predictor for self-efficacy (Male: β=0.35, p<0.05, Female: β =0.31, p<0.05).Conclusions: In conclusion, physical fitness and body fatness were associated with mental health. Especially, physical fitness, independent of BMI, was proved as significant indicator for mental health in young adults.
Association between hypertension and anthropometric indices in adult men: a case control study
Authors: Mankar Sharad B. , Wakode Santosh L. , Deshpande Sonal , Wakode Naina S. , Jiwtode Manoj T. , Mishra Neelam V.
Published: March 2018

Background: Controversies over the value of BMI for the estimation of body fat have led to recommendations of the use of new methods to measure body fat. The objective of the study was to find the association between hypertension and anthropometric variables like BMI, Waist-Hip ratio, Ponderal index, Brocca index.Methods: Newly diagnosed 150 hypertensive patients aged more than 30 years attending medicine OPD were selected as cases. Equal numbers of age matched controls were selected from relative or neighbourhood. Blood pressure of the subjects was recorded. BMI, WHR, Ponderal index, Brocca index were calculated. Association between two categorical variables was analyzed by using Chi -square test, odds ratio along with 95% confidence interval (CI). Student’s T test was used as test of significance for difference between two means. P<0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.Results: Those having BMI >25 has 2.28 (1.31, 3.95) times risk of being hypertensive. Those having waist to hip ratio (WHR) >0.9 had 2.73 (1.68, 4.41) times higher chance of being hypertensive. Those having Ponderal Index <40 had 3.08 (1.75, 5.42) times higher risk of hypertension. Those with ideal body weight percent more than 100 by Brocca index had 2.98 (1.84, 4.83) times chance of getting hypertension.Conclusions: Ponderal index (PI), Ideal body weight percent by Brocca index (BI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were found to be strongly associated with hypertension with higher odds ratio than BMI.
Reproductive tract infection and health seeking behaviour: a cross sectional community based study
Authors: Gawande Kanchan B. , Srivastava Abhay S. , Kumar Purushottam
Published: March 2018

Background: Women in India have multitude of health problem, which ultimately affect the economic output. The health of Indian women is intrinsically linked to their status in society. There is significant gap in understanding the reproductive tract infections as well as consequence for women lives. The objective of the study was to study the prevalence of reproductive tract infections and sociodemographic factors responsible among ever married women.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was carried out in the rural area near Mumbai city. List of villages in the study area was obtained from primary health centre (PHC). The prevalence of reproductive tract infections among ever married women was 20.7%. At 95% confidence level and 5% allowable error sample size is 262 (n=4*p*q/l2). So the sample size required to document RTI was 265 ever married women.Results: Prevalence of reproductive tract infections was 143(53.96%). Most common morbidity found was vaginal discharge 59 (22.26%). There was a significant difference between the proportions of study subjects with reproductive tract infection with respect to their educational status & occupation.Conclusions: There was high prevalence of reproductive tract infection among study subjects with only 13.74% visited a qualified medical practitioner for their complaints.
Screening for dementia using picture memory impairment screen among older adults in an urban underprivileged area of Bangalore city, India
Authors: Mathew Geethu , Thomas Seena , R. K. Pretesh , K. Arvind
Published: March 2018

Background: Under detection of dementia is a major challenge in low and middle income countries with 90% of dementia cases remaining unidentified in India. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and risk factors of dementia among older adults living in an urban underprivileged area of Bangalore city, India using the picture memory impairment screen (PMIS).Methods: This community based cross sectional study was conducted between September and November 2013 among 202 elderly people in an underprivileged area of Bangalore city. Dementia was defined using a validated cut-off score on the PMIS.Results: The mean age of the participants was 68 years and 65% were illiterate. The overall prevalence of dementia using the screen among elderly people was 15.3%. Age specific prevalence rates were 7.8% (60 to 70), 30.6% (71 to 80) and 61.5% (>80 years) respectively. Increasing age, family history, lower educational and functional status were significantly associated (p<0.05) with dementia.Conclusions: High prevalence of dementia was identified among an urban underprivileged elderly population. The PMIS can be used to triage older adults for further evaluation and management.
A cross sectional study to find out the duration of sleep and associated disorder among practicing advocates in Madurai district Tamil Nadu
Authors: Kannan L. , P Praveena
Published: March 2018

Background: Sleep is a essential physiological process for attaining optimal health and wellbeing. Reduced duration of night sleep destructs the body’s ability to regulate stress hormones, raises the blood pressure and cardio vascular risk. The pressure of working in legal field creates stress, sleep deprivation and eventually hypertension. In view of above issues one of the main objectives of the study is to evaluate the relationship between duration of sleep and hypertension among practising advocates.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 300 practising advocates at Madurai district court for a period of 1 year by simple random sampling method.Results: Around 116 (38.67%) participants had less than 6 hours of night sleep and 184 (61.33%) participants had equal to or more than 6 hours of night sleep. Among participants with night sleep less than 6 hours, a majority of 97 (83.62%) were found to be hypertensives, whereas only 26 (14.13%) participants with night sleep equal to or more than 6 hours were hypertensives (p=0.00, odds ratio-31.02).Conclusions: The study explains that practising advocates with duration of night sleep less than 6 hours (83.62%) have a significant association with hypertension. Advocates experience work related depression, anxiety and stress. Therefore advocates are advised to well plan the work schedules, plan for short vacations and adopt basic life style modifications to prevent hypertension.
Assessment of diabetes risk in an adult population using Indian diabetic risk score in urban area of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Jayakiruthiga S. , Rajkamal R. , Gopalakrishnan S. , Umadevi R.
Published: March 2018

Background: India has earned the dubious distinction of being the diabetic capital of the world. The majority of people with diabetes (>90%) have Type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While T2DM predominantly affects older individuals in developed countries, in developing nations like India, it affects the younger population in the prime of their working lives and thus poses an even greater threat to the health of these individuals. Objectives of the study were to assess the Type 2 diabetes mellitus risk status of adult population in urban area of Tamil Nadu and to measure the association between sociodemographic factors like age, sex and socio economic status with diabetes risk score.Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional study was carried out in Anakaputhur, an urban area in Kanchipuram district of Tamil Nadu in June 2016 among adult population on risk status for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Using Indian Diabetic Risk Score. The data was entered in MS Excel & analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) 20.0 version. Descriptive statistics like proportions were calculated. Chi square test was used to compare the proportions between the groups. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Out of 351 study subjects, only 30 (8.5%)study subjects were not at risk of having diabetes, 119 (33.9%) were at moderate risk and 202 (57.6%) were at higher risk of having Diabetes. Comparing age, gender, socio-economic status with diabetes risk category, we found that age is associated with diabetes risk category and the p – value was highly significant.Conclusions: Majority of the study subjects were at risk of having diabetes, hence screening is of utmost importance so that interventions can be initiated at an early stage.
A study on assessment of depression and factors associated with it among medical students of Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences, Raichur
Authors: Kirte Rahul C. , Fahim M. A.
Published: March 2018

Background: Depression among medical students represents a neglected public health problem in India. Early onset depression among medical students interferes with psychological, social, and academic functioning. Clearly, depression in medical students is of paramount importance and warrants serious study to detect early symptoms of depression. This study was conducted to find out the prevalence and the risk factors associated with depression among medical students of RIMS, Raichur.Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted among medical students from 1st year to final year of RIMS, Raichur who gave consent. Socio-demographic and risk factors details were collected using pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire and beck depression inventory scale was used to assess the depression level. Data was analyzed using Epi-Info 7 software and appropriate statistical tests were applied. Level of significance was set at a p<0.05.Results: Of the 421 medical students participated in the study, 214 (50.83%) were males and 207 (49.17%) were females. The overall prevalence of depression was found to be 22.09%. Statistically significant association of depression was found with family history (χ2=4.23, p<0.05), family problems (χ2=61.98, p<0.001), relation with parents (χ2=51.82, p<0.001), high expectations from parents (χ2=22.76, p<0.001), those who regret joining MBBS (χ2=30.44, p<0.001), relationship status (χ2=4.63, p<0.05).Conclusions: Our findings emphasize the importance of screening for depression of medical students on a regular basis for early detection and appropriate intervention like group counseling, stress management training, support services etc. to protect this valuable future human resource.
Endocrown in premolar using lithium disilicate-reinforced ceramic: a case report
Authors: Dartora Nereu Roque , Ferreira Michele Bortoluzzi De Conto , Spazzin Aloísio Oro , Sousa Neto Manoel Damião , Dartora Gustavo , Gomes Erica Alves
Published: March 2018

Este caso clínico descreve a restauração de um dente tratado endodonticamente com uma endocoroa em cerâmica de dissilicato de lítio fabricada pelo sistema CAD/CAM. O caso é de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 48 anos, que apresentava fratura coronária de um dente tratado endodonticamente. Uma restauração com endocoroa em dissilicato de lítio fabricada pelo sistema CAD/CAM foi indicada. As coroas foram avaliadas usando um sistema de avaliação de qualidade da Associação Dental da Califórnia e exame de acompanhamento. Uma endocoroa cerâmica em dissilicato fabricada por CAD/CAM foi uma alternativa de tratamento restaurador confiável para um pré-molar tratado endodonticamente. O preparo minimamente invasivo para endocoroa que preserva o máximo de estrutura dentária é considerado padrão ouro para restaurações dentárias. Ainda, tal alternativa restauradora é mais conservadora em comparação à coroa total com retentor intrarradicular e apresenta apropriado desempenho mecânico e longevidade com um menor custo e rapidez no preparo.
Efeito da medicação intracanal na resistência de união de um cimento obturador endodôntico à dentina radicular
Authors: Dill Felipe Da Costa , Gambin Diego José , Farina Ana Paula , Souza Matheus Albino , Cecchin Doglas
Published: March 2018

Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da medicação intracanal na resistência de união de um cimento obturador endodôntico à dentina radicular. Métodos: Foram utilizadas 24 raízes bovinas unirradiculares que foram submetidas ao preparo químico-cirúrgico e divididas aleatoriamente em 4 grupos da seguinte forma: G1, (controle), sem medicação; G2, Hidróxido de Cálcio (Ca(OH)2) + Clorexidina (CHX); G3, bolinha de algodão embebida em Formocresol; e, G4, bolinha de algodão embebida em Paramonoclorofenol Canforado. As amostras ficaram armazenadas em temperatura ambiente e 100% de umidade por 1 semana. Logo após, foram obturadas com cimento endodôntico AH Plus e cones de guta-percha. Os dentes foram então fatiados transversalmente e o teste de push-out foi realizado. Os dados foram tabulados e submetidos à Análise de Variância. Resultados: As médias e seus respectivos desvios-padrão foram: G1, 2,42 (±1,45) ; G2, 1,81 (±1,04); G3, 2,21 (±1,14); e, G4, 2.63 (±1.32). Os resultados mostraram que não houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos em estudo. Conclusão: Pode-se concluir que as medicações intracanal utilizadas neste estudo não influenciaram na resistência de união do cimento obturador AH Plus à dentina radicular.
Histological and Histochemical Study on Stomach of Salamandra infraimmaculata (Amphibia: Urodela)
Authors: AKAT Esra
Published: March 2018

In the current study, we
aimed to investigate the histological and histochemical characteristics of
stomach of Salamandra infraimmaculata.
The stomach of S. infraimmaculata was
composed of four distinct layers; mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa and
serosa. The inner surface of gastric mucosa was lined by surface mucous cells
which were simple columnar epithelium. Gastric glands were observed in mucosa.
Mucous neck cells were located at the upper portion of glands, besides
oxynticopeptic cells which were predominant at the gland body. The secretory components
of mucous cells were neutral and acidic glycoproteins. The mucosa was separated
from muscularis externa through submucosa which was formed by loose connective
tissue. Muscularis externa consisted of a thick layer of smooth muscle. The
muscularis externa was surrounded by the serosa which was the outermost layer
of digestive tract.
Effects of a single dose 20 mg tadalafil on resistive index value of prostate zones
Authors: Şahinkanat Tayfun , Efe Erkan , Ekerbiçer Hasan Çetin , Küçükdurmaz Faruk
Published: March 2018

Objectives:
Although there are several studies addressing the efficacy of phosphodiesterase
type 5 inhibitors for the management of benign prostatic hyperplasia-lower
urinary tract symptoms (BPH-LUTS), unfortunately, there is a lack of high
evidence data to support their effect at the prostate level. The existing
studies suggested that resistive index (RI) could be used as a hemodynamic
parameter to measure the severity of benign prostatic hyperplasia and
intraprostatic pressure or bladder outlet obstruction. The aim of this study
was to evaluate the effect of a single dose 20 mg tadalafil on resistive index
value in prostate zones to evaluate the mechanism of action of
phosphodiesterase type 5-inhibitors at the prostate level. Methods: Twenty consecutive patients
aged between 54-67 years with BPH-LUTS [International Prostate Symptom Score ≥ 12]
and erectile dysfunction [five-item International Index of Erectile Function
(IIEF) questionnaire < 22] underwent RI measurement in prostate transitional
zone (TZ) and peripheral zone (PZ) using transrectal power Doppler
ultrasonography baseline and within 16 hours after the administration of 20 mg
tadalafil. The primary study end point is the change in prostate TZ RI values. Results: The mean baseline total
prostate scores and peak urinary flow were 16.2 ± 4.34 (range: 12-26) and 10.45
ml/s (range: 7-13 ml/s), respectively. The mean baseline total IIEF was 12.8 ± 4.22
(range: 6-20). The mean TZ RI at baseline and after tadalafil administration
were 0.4985 and 0.5497, respectively (p
= 0.232). No statistically significant differences for RI changes between
baseline and after the administration of a single dose 20 mg tadalafil were
observed in the prostatic zones. Conclusion:
A single dose 20 mg tadalafil showed no impact on prostate TZ RI.
Isolated scapular tuberculosis: an uncommon presentation of skeletal tuberculosis
Authors: DEV Ghanshyam , SHARMA Shwait , ILYAS Mohd
Published: March 2018

Objective: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the
radiological manifestations of isolated scapular tuberculosis. Methods:
A prospective study was performed wherein 50 patients with the complaint of
swelling in the scapular region were evaluated using various imaging modalities
for scapular tuberculosis. Patients having features of scapular tuberculosis
were subjected to fine needle aspiration
cytology (FNAC) and
histopathology for confirmation of diagnosis. Results: Four patients
were diagnosed as having isolated scapular tuberculosis. All the four patients
presented with lytic lesions in scapula with associated collections in adjacent
muscles. All were subjected to anti-tuberculosis
therapy (ATT). In two
patients drainage of abscess was done. All patients showed excellent response to
treatment at 6 months follow-up. Conclusion: Radiological
investigations play a key role in early diagnosis of isolated scapular
tuberculosis with excellent outcome with ATT and drainage of collection.
Cobertura del suelo del área del eco-museo del Cerrado, Brasil
Authors: Imaña-Encinas José , Campos da Nóbrega Rodrigo , Oliveira-Ramos Natalia , Antunes-Santana Otacílio
Published: March 2018

El área del Eco-Museo del Cerrado cubriendo una superficie de 8.066 km2 fue interpretada por imágenes de satélite, en dos ocasiones, en los años 2002 y 2017. Se ubica en la región central del Brasil, específicamente en siete distritos municipales (municipios) del estado de Goiás. Fueron clasificadas tres unidades interpretativas: el área cubierta por bosques, sabanas y asentamientos humanos. Esas unidades fueron clasificadas por distrito municipal y por cuenca hidrográfica. El mayor cambio de superficie se observó en los asentamientos humanos. En 2002 58% del área total, los asentamientos humanos estaban ocupados por pequeñas poblaciones, con énfasis en la parte este del eco-museo. En 2017 se verificó correspondientemente un aumento del 9,2 %. En contra posición, los bosques y las sabanas disminuyeron para 16,5 y 16,2 % respectivamente.
Factores que influyen en errores humanos en procesos de manufactura moderna
Authors: Salas-Arias Karla Melissa , Madriz-Quirós Carmen Elena , Sánchez-Brenes Olga , Sánchez-Brenes Magaly , Hernández-Granados Juan Bautista
Published: March 2018

En la industria actual, se llevan a cabo procesos de producción mecanizados, con parámetros definidos para que dichas acciones sean realizadas por los operarios. Sin embargo, una desviación de esos parámetros es considerado como un error humano, ocasionando la perturbación del proceso de producción. El artículo se elabora con el propósito de identificar errores en el proceso productivo de una empresa Metalmecánica con la acción conjunta del Laboratorio de Ergonomía del Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica. La identificación de errores humanos fue basado en la metodología Technique for human error-rate prediction (THERP); este análisis se complementó con una metodología de clasificación adaptada para la administración de procesos industriales llamada ABC, metodología 123 y metodología alfa beta gama para identificar los errores críticos para la empresa. Identificados dichos errores, por medio de un árbol de sucesos se cuantificó el porcentaje por medio de probabilidades teóricas reportadas por la literatura THERP y con ello se analizó el porcentaje de afectación para el proceso de producción. Con dicha metodología aplicada, se logró identificar en la empresa 26 errores en total.
Medición de Descargas Parciales en Transformadores de Potencia bajo los estándares internacionales IEC e IEEE
Authors: Gómez-Ramírez Gustavo Adolfo
Published: March 2018

La estimación de la vida útil de un equipo de potencia como lo es un transformador de potencia, cobra mayor relevancia hoy en día, máxime cuando se desea saber cuánto es la vida residual del mismo y poder proyectar el grado deterioro del equipo en función de términos económicos, técnicos y de parámetros eléctricos de funcionamiento. La siguiente nota técnica detalla los principios y fundamentos de la medición de descargas Parciales en transformadores de potencia. Esta es una prueba de alta tensión no destructiva, en la cual se puede evaluar y cuantificar el grado de deterioro de un dieléctrico. Se explican, además, los conceptos eléctricos y dieléctricos que hay detrás de la prueba y se hace un análisis y comparación según las normas internacionales IEC e IEEE, aplicables al activo más valioso de un sistema de potencia: Transformadores de Potencia.
Desarrollo de una torta precocida nutracéutica a partir de materiales vegetales biofortificados para adultos mayores
Authors: Fernández-Cordero Pamela , Mora-Molina Jesús , Obando-Ulloa Javier Mauricio , Arguedas-Gamboa Patricia
Published: March 2018

La transición generacional que experimenta la población costarricense ha impulsado el planteamiento de diversas estrategias para mejorar la alimentación y la calidad de vida de las personas adultas mayores. Debido a esto, en el sector agroalimentario se fomenta el desarrollo de alimentos especializados para cumplir esta demanda, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo consistió en desarrollar un producto alimenticio nutracéutico con base en camote (Ipomoea batatas) y yuca (Manihot esculenta) biofortificados y, pejibaye (Bactris gasipaes). En la primera etapa del desarrollo de este producto, se elaboró una torta pre-cocida congelada de 60 g, la cual fue seleccionada por razones nutritivas, tendencias de mercado e innovación de una lista de catorce posibles productos por desarrollar. En la siguiente etapa se definió el proceso y la formulación. Finalmente, se realizó un análisis químico para comparar las materias primas y el producto terminado, lo que permitió determinar que este producto cubre entre 30 y 38% de los requerimientos diarios de vitamina A en personas adultas mayores costarricenses.
MODEL UTICAJA KULTURNOG KAPITALA I INDIVIDUALNIH MOTIVACIONIH ČINILACA NA KLJUČNE KOMPETENCIJE UČENIKA
Authors: Marić Mia , Rodić Lukić Vesna , Štrangarić Snežana
Published: March 2018

Osnovni cilj ovog rada bio je utvrđivanje modela povezanosti tri oblika kulturnog kapitala – institucionalizovani, otelovljeni i opredmećeni, i individualnih motivacionih činilaca – samoefikasnost, školska anksioznost, unutrašnja motivacija i vrednovanje obrazovanja, sa ključnim kompetencijama učenika. Rezultati predstavljaju sekundarnu analizu podataka dobijenih na uzorku od 337 učenika, koji su učestvovali u PISA studiji (2009) sprovedenoj u Srbiji, i potvrđuju postojanje složenog modela povezanosti među ispitivanim varijablama kulturnog kapitala, motivacionih činilaca i ključnih kompetencija. Dobijeni nalazi govore u prilog teoriji samoefikasnosti, u kojoj su ponašanje i motivacija predstavljeni kao proizvod složene interakcije individualnih i sredinskih činilaca, kao i ponašanja. Istraživanjem je potvrđeno da su ključne kompetencije učenika pod uticajem ličnih osobina, gde je posebno značajna sklonost ka školskoj anksioznosti, ali i odlika sociokulturnog konteksta. Naročito bitnim pokazalo se delovanje opredmećenog i otelovljenog kulturnog kapitala. Utvrđeno je da kulturni kapital doprinosi razvoju ličnih osobina koje su preduslov razvoja ključnih kompetencija, ali i direktno razvijenosti samih kompetencija.
Compromiso y participación comunitaria en salud: aprendizajes desde la sistematización de experiencias sociales
Authors: López-Bolaños Lizbeth , Campos-Rivera Marisol , Villanueva-Borbolla María Ángeles
Published: March 2018

Objetivo. Reflexionar sobre el compromiso en el proceso de participación en salud empleando la herramienta de siste­matización participativa de experiencias sociales. Material y métodos. Investigación-intervención de corte cualitativo, desde la concepción metodológica dialéctica. Las mujeres per­tenecientes a un grupo de trabajo comunitario en Xoxocotla, Morelos, México, sistematizaron su experiencia utilizando como eje el compromiso. Con base en técnicas derivadas de la teoría fundamentada, se realizó un microanálisis para identificar y robustecer las categorías del contenido corres­pondiente al proceso de sistematización. Resultados. Las participantes identificaron los determinantes estructurales del compromiso en su proceso de participación y elementos relacionados con la dinámica grupal que lo influyen; asimismo, redefinieron la forma de entender y ejercer el compromiso y la participación, y extrajeron aprendizajes para mejorar su práctica futura. Conclusiones. El compromiso y la partici­pación están determinados por factores estructurales como la condición socioeconómica y el rol de género, los cuales deben visibilizarse y comprenderse para generar propuestas que fortalezcan el involucramiento y la organización de grupos.
Daño auditivo inducido por ruido recreativo
Authors: Gutiérrez-Farfán Ileana , Arch-Tirado Emilio , Lino-González Ana Luisa , Jardines-Serralde Laura Julia
Published: March 2018

[No disponible]
“The Stone Master”: On the Invisibility of Women’s Writing from the Soviet Ukrainian Periphery
Authors: Wallo Oleksandra
Published: March 2018

Until the last decade of the Soviet state’s existence, only very few Ukrainian women writers achieved literary fame. This study sheds new light on Soviet Ukrainian political, historical, and social contexts that contributed to the invisibility of Ukrainian women’s writing by examining the case of Lviv-based author Nina Bichuia (b. 1937). Bichuia’s career and the publication history of her works illustrate several characteristics and paradoxes of Soviet literary politics concerning the Soviet periphery—i.e., the non-Russian republics, such as Ukraine. In particular, this article analyzes the differences in permissible literary expression between Moscow the metropole, Kyiv, the centre of the Ukrainian periphery, and Lviv, the Western Ukrainian periphery. It considers gender politics and biases in the Soviet Ukrainian literary establishment and the strictures of the Soviet “Friendship of Peoples” discourse, which had a provincializing effect on Ukrainian literary production and the tastes of the reading public. The article offers a close reading of Bichuia’s last short story, “Kaminnyi hospodar” (“The Stone Master,” 1990), which reflects this author’s “final word” on the Soviet environment for writing literature in the Western Ukrainian periphery. By analyzing Bichuia’s use of important literary intertexts and employing recent theorizations about Soviet state discourse, I demonstrate how “The Stone Master” imaginatively represents and criticizes the regime of discursive monopoly established by the Soviet system. This regime is shown to force a Ukrainian female writer into silence, which can be strategic, but cannot result in greater literary visibility.
Ola Hnatiuk. Odwaga i strach [Courage and Fear].
Authors: Wróbel Piotr J.
Published: March 2018

Review of Ola Hnatiuk. Odwaga i strach [Courage and Fear]. 2nd ed., Wydawnictwo KEW, 2016. 720 pp. Illustrations. Notes. Bibliography. Index. PLN 39.00, paper.
Taras Hunczak. My Memoirs: Life’s Journey Through WWII and Various Historical Events of the 21st Century.
Authors: Tymczuk Alexander
Published: March 2018

Review of Taras Hunczak. My Memoirs: Life’s Journey Through WWII and Various Historical Events of the 21st Century. Rowman & Littlefield, 2016. viii, 238 pp. Illustrations. $34.99, paper.
Vasyl' Sokil, compiler and editor. Materialy do biohrafii [Materials Toward a Biography]. Mykhailo Zubryts'kyi: Zibrani tvory i materialy [Mykhailo Zubryts'kyi: Collected Works and Materials].
Authors: Kiebuzinski Ksenya
Published: March 2018

Review of Vasyl' Sokil, compiler and editor. Materialy do biohrafii [Materials Toward a Biography]. 2016. Mykhailo Zubryts'kyi: Zibrani tvory i materialy [Mykhailo Zubryts'kyi: Collected Works and Materials], editor-in-chief, Frank Sysyn, edited by Hryhorii Dem"ian et al., vol. 2, Vydavnytstvo “Litopys,” 2013-. 616 pp. Illustrations. Mykhailo Zubryts'kyi: Bibliography. Indexes. $44.95, cloth.
Macro-environments of South Africa: time to stop the rot, deterioration, distrust and dysfunctionality
Authors: P. Krüger Louis
Published: March 2018

Since the introduction of black economic empowerment (BEE) in South Africa by the African National Congress (ANC) in 2003, the impact of the legislation and its accompanying policies on the six major “PESTIS” (political, economic, social, technological, institutional and structural-physical) macro-environments in which businesses in the private sector and government in the public sector operate, has largely gone unnoticed or has been ignored. In an exploratory study using the “5 Star” research methodology, and with the aid of specially developed qualitative research adjudication matrix (QRAM), the impact of the ANC’s BEE policies on these macro-environments was investigated. Unfortunately, it appears that these policies have negatively affected South Africa’s political, economic, social/cultural and institutional macro-environments. Allegations of state capture and nefarious influences on government and ministerial appointments, poor economic performance and possible further credit downgrade to “junk” status by the international ratings agencies, increased prevalence of racism, hate speech and discrimination, and violation of the Constitution of South Africa and international treaties by the ANC government, paint a dismal picture. In addition, the coun¬try is facing unseen high levels of corruption, graft, fraud, looting, bribery, nepotism and self-enrichment in government, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and businesses. BEE can be regarded as the ANC’s “Achilles heel” in South Africa, and the political party should rather abandon this policy in order to stop the rot, and further deterioration, distrust and decay in the country’s most important macro-environments.
Hydrological trend of Qinghai Lake over the last 60 years: driven by climate variations or human activities?
Authors: Dong Hongmei , Song Yougui , Zhang Maosheng
Published: March 2018

Qinghai Lake, as the largest saline inland lake in China, plays an important role in the surrounding semi-arid ecosystem. In recent years, the lake water level has increased rapidly; however, the driving factors causing water body changes are not fully understood. This study aims to investigate the hydrological processes in Qinghai Lake from 1959 to 2016, and to discuss their possible linkages to climatic change and human activity. The results indicate that both the water level and lake area gradually declined to their minima in 2004, before increasing rapidly. Annual evaporation and total runoff vary widely, but have shown an overall shift from decreasing to increasing trends. The annual average temperature has followed an increasing trend, and annual precipitation has increased rapidly since 2004. Hydrological changes (water level and lake) are positively correlated with runoff inflow into the lake and negatively correlated with evaporation from the lake surface. The water body expansion in recent years can be attributed to the decreasing difference between precipitation/river runoff and evaporation. The total water consumption by human activities has had a limited contribution to the water body changes. We conclude that hydrological changes have depended more on climatic variations than on human activities.
Technical and administrative feasibility of alluvial aquifer storage and recovery on the South Platte River of northeastern Colorado
Authors: Chinnasamy Cibi Vishnu , McIntyre William C. , Mays David C.
Published: March 2018

Increasing population and climate change are causing water managers to reassess water storage. In this context, alluvial aquifer storage and recovery (ASR), in which excess water is stored in the alluvium near a river, offers a plausible option. To investigate this option, a coupled technical–administrative analysis was conducted to investigate the feasibility of alluvial ASR in the semi-arid US state of Colorado, where water rights are governed by the doctrine of prior appropriation. A hypothetical alluvial ASR facility near Brighton, Colorado with a storage capacity of 118,500 cubic meters (96 ac-ft) was considered. This analysis comprises both technical feasibility, using a groundwater model that explicitly accounts for clogging, and administrative feasibility, using a first-of-its-kind analysis of the legal availability of water including both free river and reusable effluent water. This coupled technical–administrative analysis suggests that alluvial ASR facilities present a viable option to meet rising demand for water storage, preventing water loss due to evaporation, reducing the effect of climate stress on water resources, and avoiding the need to purchase land for above-ground water storage facilities. More generally, this study illustrates the crucial importance of placing hydrologic analysis in the broader context of policy constraints.
PAKET DÖNDÜRMEKSİZİN GENETİK ALGORİTMA KULLANARAK KONTEYNER YÜKLEME PROBLEMİ OPTİMİZASYONU
Authors: YİĞİT Tuncay , AYDEMİR Merve
Published: March 2018

Günümüzde konteyner taşımacılığının önemi giderek
artmaktadır. Bu sebeple ulusal ve uluslararası piyasalarda hava, kara ve deniz
yoluyla yapılan taşımacılıklarda şirketler için daha düşük maliyetle taşıma
büyük önem taşır. Maliyeti düşürmenin yollarından biri de konteyner hacmini en
iyi şekilde kullanmaktır. Bu çalışmada, daha düşük maliyet ile konteyner yükleme
probleminin çözümü için sezgisel algoritmalardan biri olan genetik algoritma kullanılmıştır.
Genetik algoritma ile konteyner içerisine çeşitli boyutlardaki kutular en uygun
şekilde yerleştirilmiştir fakat yerleştirme yaparken kutuların döndürülebilme
özellikleri kullanılmamıştır. Böylece, konteyner içi boş alanın minimizasyonu
ve yüklenen kutu sayısının maksimizasyonu amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma literatürdeki
diğer sezgisel algoritmalarla karşılaştırılmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar
sunulmuştur.
YAPAY ZEKA VE KÜMELEME TEKNİKLERİ KULLANILARAK GELİŞTİRİLEN YÖNTEM İLE OKUL SERVİSİ ROTALAMA PROBLEMİNİN OPTİMİZASYONU
Authors: ÜNSAL Özkan , YİĞİT Tuncay
Published: March 2018

Araç Rotalama Problemi (ARP) klasik yöntemler ile çözülmesi mümkün
olmayan ve birçok alt dalı olan karmaşık bir problemdir. Bu çalışmada, ARP’nin
bir alt dalı olan Okul Servisi Rotalama Probleminin (OSRP) optimizasyonu
amaçlanmıştır. ARP ve OSRP incelenmiş, problemler ve geliştirilen çözüm
yöntemleri ile ilgili literatüre yer verilmiştir. OSRP'nin optimizasyonu için
kümeleme teknikleri ve yapay zeka yöntemleri kullanılarak, GPS, GIS araçları ve
mobil uygulama desteği ile bir yazılım geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen yazılım
Ankara ilinde hizmet veren servis firmalarından toplanan rota verileri üzerinde
uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen deneysel sonuçlar, geliştirilen yöntemin, mesafe,
zaman ve rakım değişimi parametreleri açısından rotaları başarılı bir şekilde
iyileştirilebileceğini göstermiştir.