bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimized rapid and reliable identification ofTuberspp. by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Klein Mirjam , Kielhauser Romina , Dilger Thorsten
Published: September 2023

Intentional substitution of food ingredients and misleading or false declarations of food products can lead to large economic damage in the food sector. An example is the truffle, an edible mushroom, with different species having a similar morphology. This makes it difficult to distinguish, for example, the high‐quality black Périgord truffle from Europe and the lower quality black truffle from China. To detect and prevent potential food fraud and to be able to carry out quality assurance measures, the demand for suitable, fast and cost‐effective examination methods for individual foodstuffs is increasing. In this article we present a method based on matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS), which can differentiate and identify commercial truffles. For this purpose, highly specific mass spectrometric fingerprints of 73 truffle tubers from eight different species were generated. These were checked and compared under the criteria of a score evaluation, their protein spectra, and cluster formation. Standard laboratory equipment was used for this purpose, so that apart from the MALDI‐TOF no expensive equipment or reagents were required. The study shows that the MALDI‐TOF MS method can distinguish and identifyTuberspp. reliably, quickly and efficiently and can therefore be used for quality assurance and fraud control in the truffle market.
Matrix‐dependent a/x pair and overdegraded w/y/z ions generated by radical‐directed dissociation of peptide radical cations [M]+ in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization in‐source decay
Authors: Miyazawa Kei , Takayama Mitsuo
Published: September 2023

Fragmentation of peptide radical cations [M].+ has been examined using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) in‐source decay (ISD) with hydrogen‐abstracting nitro‐substituted matrices. The ISD spectra of peptides containing an arginine (Arg) residue at carboxyl (C)‐termini showed preferential [w]+ ions when 4‐nitro‐1‐naphthol (4,1‐NNL) matrix was used, whereas the use of 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid (3,5‐DNSA) resulted in preferential [x]+ ions. Minor or some [d]+, [x]+, [y]+, and [z]+ ions were also observed. For peptides containing Arg residue at amino (N)‐termini, the ISD spectra showed preferential [a]+ ions independent of matrix used. The observed [a]+, [w]+, [x]+, [y]+, and [z]+ ions can be rationally explained by radical‐directed dissociation (RDD) of the peptide radical cations [M].+, although [d]+ ions may be formed via Norrish Type I cleavage and/or by RDD of [M].+ ions. The formation of overdegraded [d]+, [w]+, [y]+, and [z]+ ions is discussed from the standpoint of the internal energy of radical cations [M].+ and radical fragment ions [a + H].+ and [x + H].+ deposited via collisional interactions with excited matrix molecules in the MALDI plume. The radical site of the peptide cations [M].+ was presumed to be backbone amide nitrogen, from MALDI‐ISD data with three different deuterated amino acids.
Novel approach to enhance sensitivity while retaining morphology in fragile tissue sections for mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Goto‐Inoue Naoko , Morisasa Mizuki , Kimura Keisuke , Mori Tsukasa
Published: September 2023

Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) imaging is an effective tool for investigating the distribution of molecules. However, cryosections are made from non‐fixed tissues, causing difficulties in preparing sections from fragile, high‐water content tissues such as those from tadpoles. Here, we introduce a new method for preparing cryosections using an adhesive tape followed by transfer onto glass slides for MALDI‐MS imaging. Signals obtained from the transferred sections were higher than those from other sections, and the transferred sections had high optical quality. This novel approach could be an effective tool for MALDI‐MS imaging of aquatic animals.
Lipid nanoparticle‐mediated delivery of IL‐21‐encoding mRNA induces viral clearance in mouse models of hepatitis B virus persistence
Authors: Shen Zhongliang , Zhang Shenyan , Jiang Qirong , Liu Nannan , Li Fahong , Gao Zixiang , Pan Shaokun , Hao Weiju , Deng Qiang , Liu Jing , Zhang Jiming , Xie Youhua
Published: September 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), the transcription template for all viral mRNAs, is highly stable and current treatment options cannot effectively induce its clearance. Previously, we established an HBV persistence mouse model based on a clinical isolate (termed BPS) and identified interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) as a potent inducer of HBV clearance. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mediated delivery of mRNA has proven to be a highly safe and effective delivery platform. This work explored the applicability and effectiveness of the mRNA‐LNP platform in IL‐21‐based HBV therapies. First, LNP‐encapsulated murine IL‐21 mRNA (LNP‐IL‐21) was prepared, characterized, and demonstrated to engender IL‐21 expression in vitro and in vivo. Next, LNP‐IL‐21 was shown to induce clearance of both serum and intrahepatic HBV antigen and DNA in two HBV persistence mouse models based on BPS and recombinant cccDNA (rcccDNA), respectively, which was associated with HBV‐specific humoral and cellular immune responses. Furthermore, peripheral blood mononuclear cells from BPS persistence mice treated ex vivo with LNP‐IL‐21 and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) could induce similar HBV clearance upon infusion into recipient mice. These findings indicated that IL‐21 combined with mRNA‐LNP platform represents a valid and promising strategy for developing novel therapeutics against chronic HBV infection.
Fluoroscopic image‐based behavior analysis can objectively explain subjective expert assessment of wire navigation skill
Authors: Mattioli Dominik D. , Thomas Geb W. , Long Steven , Rölfing Jan Duedal , Anderson Donald D.
Published: September 2023

Psychomotor skill and decision‐making efficiency in surgical wire navigation can be objectively evaluated by analysis of intraoperative fluoroscopic image sequences. Prior work suggests that such image‐based behavior analysis of operating room (OR) performance can predict performer experience level (R2 = 0.62) and agree with expert opinion (the current standard) on the quality of a final implant construct (R2 = 0.59). However, it is unclear how objective image‐based evaluation compares with expert assessments for entire technical OR performances. This study examines the relationships between three key variables: (1) objective image‐based criteria, (2) expert opinions, and (3) performing surgeon experience level. A paired‐comparison survey of seven experts, based upon eight OR fluoroscopic wire navigation image sequences, shows that the experts' preferences are best explained by objective metrics that reflect psychomotor and decision‐making behaviors which are counter‐productive to successful implant placement, like image count (R2 = 0.83) and behavior tally (R2 = 0.74). One such behavior, adjustments away from goal, uniquely correlated well with all three key variables: a fluoroscopic image‐based analysis composite score (R2 = 0.40), expert consensus (R2 = 0.76), and performer experience (R2 = 0.41). These results confirm that experts view less efficient technical behavior as indicative of lesser technical proficiency. While expert assessments of technical skill were reliable and consistent, neither individual nor consensus expert opinion appears to correlate with performer experience (R2 = 0.11).
Training for Awake, Office‐Based Laryngeal Procedures—The Laryngology Fellow's Perspective
Authors: Shuman Elizabeth A. , Dwyer Christopher D.
Published: September 2023

Objective

The aim was to explore recent laryngology graduates' perspectives on their experience, competency, and challenges learning office‐based procedures during fellowship training in the United States and Canada.

Methods

Anonymous 22‐item questionnaire survey was distributed electronically to fellowship‐trained laryngologists having completed fellowship within past 5 years.

Results

Ninety fellowship‐trained laryngologists between 2018 and 2022 were surveyed. Response rate was 48.9% (n = 44), 1 declined participation, with 20 different fellowship programs represented. Fellows were frequently provided the opportunity to act as primary surgeon for most procedures, except for laryngeal botulinum toxin injection, diagnostic laryngeal electromyography, trans‐nasal esophagoscopy, secondary tracheoesophageal puncture, and high‐resolution pharyngeal manometry. A majority reported high (n = 27, 62.8%) or moderate (n = 12, 27.9%) confidence with vocal fold injection augmentation. Various techniques were taught: transoral (74.4%), cricothyroid (74.4%), thyrohyoid (69.8%), transcartilagenous (14.0%), and catheter‐needle (25.6%). Numerous statistically significant associations with independent procedure involvement and competence were identified. Laryngeal botulinum toxin injection was a procedure performed with high frequency but low volume of independent fellow involvement, and the procedure with which fellows reported wanting more practice learning. Most common training barriers included patient being awake, patient consenting to trainee performing the procedure, and the technical challenge/complexity of the procedure. Teaching methods/tools largely focused on informal debriefing (97.3%) and case by case troubleshooting (81.1%).

Conclusions

Laryngology fellows are well trained with favorable perceived levels of competence for numerous office‐based procedures, particularly vocal fold injection augmentation. Procedures for which fellows reported a low level of independent participation trended towards lower perceived competency.

Level of Evidence

5 Laryngoscope, 134:873–881, 2024
Exploring the urban–rural gradient effects of construction land expansion processes on land use function trade‐off/synergy in rapidly urbanizing areas
Authors: Li Sinan , Zhu Congmou , Deng Xiaodong
Published: September 2023

Construction land expansion greatly affects the supply and interaction of distinct land use functions, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas. However, existing research rarely focuses on the urban–rural gradient role of different construction land expansion processes in affecting the interactions between land use functions, which limits the refined high‐quality development of territorial space. Using the main urban area of Hangzhou as an example, this research analyzed the spatiotemporal transmission process of trade‐offs/synergies among distinct functions between urban and rural regions from the living‐production‐ecological function perspective, and probed the differences in the impact of distinct urban and rural construction land expansion processes on them across different urban–rural gradients, thereby proposing the urban–rural spatial development pathways for promoting synergistic territorial spatial patterns. The results showed that the changes in different functions had an obvious urban–rural gradient difference. During 2000–2020, the trade‐off between living function and other functions increased continuously, and regions with a higher trade‐off primarily shifted from urban development areas to urban–rural transition areas. The infilling and edge‐expansion of urban construction land were more favorable to the increased synergy between distinct functions; the infilling and edge‐expansion of rural construction land in urban development and urban–rural transition areas greatly reduced the functional trade‐off level, while its leapfrogging in rural development areas strongly affected the synergy between distinct functions. These findings can help to restrict unreasonable urban and rural construction land expansion processes as well as promote synergistic territorial space patterns in rapidly urbanizing regions.
Novel Polycaprolactone‐Chitosan Hybrid Scaffold: A Double‐Sided Hernia Mesh for Regeneration of Abdominal Wall Defects with Minimized Adverse Adhesions
Authors: Asvar Zahra , Fadaie Milad , Azarpira Negar , Mirzaei Esmaeil
Published: September 2023

As an alternative for currently available hernia meshes, electrospun scaffolds represent good biocompatibility and favorable healing performance. However, they usually cannot meet the minimum mechanical requirements for a successful hernia repair. Here, a double‐faced hernia mesh comprised of electrospun polycaprolactone fibers (PCL) and chitosan nanofibers (CS) is developed to address this limitation. The privileged fibrous structure of PCL, in visceral side, can potentially guarantee the required mechanical criteria to withstand intra‐abdominal pressures and minimizing adverse adhesions. On the ventral side (facing incision), a stabilized CS layer is developed to improve cellular behavior and tissue regeneration. According to the results, PCL‐CS scaffold (thickness ≈ 500 µm) properly matches with the mechanical properties of native abdominal wall and closely meets the suggested thresholds in strength (33.3 N cm−1) and elasticity (15.26%). Superior cytocompatibility of PCL‐CS is confirmed by the in vitro studies using L929 fibroblasts and human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Full‐thickness abdominal wall defects are used to compare tissue regeneration and adverse adhesions for PCL‐CS with the polypropylene commercial mesh (Prolene) and suture groups. Gross examinations demonstrate lower rate of unfavorable adhesions in PCL‐CS compared to Prolene and suture groups. Concerning the histological analyses, PCL‐CS exhibits reduced inflammation, less fibrosis, and better tissue remodeling.
Type I Collagen‐Adhesive and ROS‐Scavenging Nanoreactors Enhanced Retinal Ganglion Cell Survival in an Experimental Optic Nerve Crush Model
Authors: Du Yuyuan , Cai Maoyu , Mu Jingqing , Li Xingwei , Song Yapeng , Yuan Xiaoyong , Hua Xia , Guo Shutao
Published: September 2023

Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a severe condition characterized by retinal ganglion cell (RGC) death, often leading to irreversible vision loss, and the death of RGCs is closely associated with oxidative stress. Unfortunately, effective treatment options for TON are lacking. To address this, catalase (CAT) is encapsulated in a tannic acid (TA)/poly(ethylenimine)‐crosslinked hollow nanoreactor (CAT@PTP), which exhibited enhanced anchoring in the retina due to TA–collagen adhesion. The antioxidative activity of both CAT and TA synergistically eliminated reactive oxygen species (ROS) to save RGCs in the retina, thereby treating TON. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the nanoreactors preserve the enzymatic activity of CAT and exhibit high adhesion to type I collagen. The combination of CAT and TA‐based nanoreactors enhanced ROS elimination while maintaining high biocompatibility. In an optic nerve crush rat model, CAT@PTP is effectively anchored to the retina via TA–collagen adhesion after a single vitreous injection, and RGCs are significantly preserved without adverse events. CAT@PTP exhibited a protective effect on retinal function. Given the abundance of collagen that exists in ocular tissues, these findings may contribute to the further application of this multifunctional nanoreactor in ocular diseases to improve therapeutic efficacy and reduce adverse effects.
Recent advances of nanobody applications in diagnosis and detection
Authors: Su Qianling , Shi Wei , Huang Xianing , Yin Shihua , Yang Xiaomei , Lu Xiaoling
Published: September 2023

Nanobodies (Nbs) are the variable domain of heavy‐chain antibodies derived from the blood of camelids or sharks. Nanobodies are the smallest antibody fragment with intact antigen‐binding ability. Compared to conventional antibodies, nanobodies have unique properties such as small size, excellent stability and solubility, low immunogenicity, ability to recognize hidden epitopes, high tissue penetration, and industrialized production. More excitingly, the camelid‐specific amino acid sequences in the framework are mutated to their human heavy‐chain variable domain equivalent, which is humanized, to a wide range of applications. These superior characteristics make nanobody an ideal alternative to conventional antibody, showing excellent prospects for various applications in structural biology, molecular imaging, disease diagnosis and therapy, agricultural products, and environmental chemicals detection. With the continuous updating of theories and the rapid development of technology, the screening and expression methods of nanobodies are increasingly mature. Consequently, several technologies to identify and express nanobodies have been established, and various use cases have been described. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the discovery and production of novel nanobodies, and their use in detection and diagnosis platforms.
Environmental selection and evolutionary process jointly shape genomic and functional profiles of mangrove rhizosphere microbiomes
Authors: Yu Xiaoli , Tu Qichao , Liu Jihua , Peng Yisheng , Wang Cheng , Xiao Fanshu , Lian Yingli , Yang Xueqin , Hu Ruiwen , Yu Huang , Qian Lu , Wu Daoming , He Ziying , Shu Longfei , He Qiang , Tian Yun , Wang Faming , Wang Shanquan , Wu Bo , Huang Zhijian , He Jianguo , Yan Qingyun , He Zhili
Published: September 2023

Mangrove reforestation with introduced species has been an important strategy to restore mangrove ecosystem functioning. However, how such activities affect microbially driven methane (CH4), nitrogen (N), and sulfur (S) cycling of rhizosphere microbiomes remains unclear. To understand the effect of environmental selection and the evolutionary process on microbially driven biogeochemical cycles in native and introduced mangrove rhizospheres, we analyzed key genomic and functional profiles of rhizosphere microbiomes from native and introduced mangrove species by metagenome sequencing technologies. Compared with the native mangrove (Kandelia obovata, KO), the introduced mangrove (Sonneratia apetala, SA) rhizosphere microbiome had significantly (p < 0.05) higher average genome size (AGS) (5.8 vs. 5.5 Mb), average 16S ribosomal RNA gene copy number (3.5 vs. 3.1), relative abundances of mobile genetic elements, and functional diversity in terms of the Shannon index (7.88 vs. 7.84) but lower functional potentials involved in CH4 cycling (e.g., mcrABCDG and pmoABC), N2 fixation (nifHDK), and inorganic S cycling (dsrAB, dsrC, dsrMKJOP, soxB, sqr, and fccAB). Similar results were also observed from the recovered Proteobacterial metagenome‐assembled genomes with a higher AGS and distinct functions in the introduced mangrove rhizosphere. Additionally, salinity and ammonium were identified as the main environmental drivers of functional profiles of mangrove rhizosphere microbiomes through deterministic processes. This study advances our understanding of microbially mediated biogeochemical cycling of CH4, N, and S in the mangrove rhizosphere and provides novel insights into the influence of environmental selection and evolutionary processes on ecosystem functions, which has important implications for future mangrove reforestation.
Slot‐loading based compact wideband monopole antenna design and isolation improvement of MIMO for Wi‐Fi sensing application
Authors: Hossen Mohammad Rabiul , Ramzan Mehrab , Sen Padmanava
Published: September 2023

The dense establishment of the Wi‐Fi devices creates an opportunity to map the surrounding environment using Wi‐Fi signals as sounding waveforms. Recently, the Channel State Information (CSI) measurement analysis from Wi‐Fi networks has been widely used for detecting and possibly tracking the presence of obstacles between a transmitter and a receiver. According to the IEEE 802.11bf Task Group, Wi‐Fi sensing will utilize a band between 5.925 and 7.125 GHz, making the CSI measurement finer‐grained with the additional large bandwidth. In this paper, a wideband compact antenna is designed targeting the 5.9–7.1 GHz band based on the slot‐loading technique. Later, a wideband multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna is designed using defected ground structures, protruded ground, and electromagnetic band gap structures for isolation improvement, and the measured isolation shows 30–45 dB between the elements in the operating frequency range. The envelope correlation coefficient is less than 0.001 with the diversity gain being nearly 10. The fabricated single antenna has a compactness of 0.3 in both dimensions (14 mm  14 mm), measured bandwidth of 1.55 GHz (5.95–7.5 GHz) with a peak gain of 2.2 dBi at 6.8 GHz, and 90% efficiency in the operating frequency range whereas the wideband MIMO antenna has a size of 14 mm  37 mm with 0.5 spacing between the elements.
Generation and comparison of 3D dosimetric reference datasets for COMS eye plaque brachytherapy using model‐based dose calculations
Authors: Fletcher Elizabeth M. , Ballester Facundo , Beaulieu Luc , Morrison Hali , Poher Audran , Rivard Mark J. , Sloboda Ron S. , Vijande Javier , Thomson Rowan M.
Published: September 2023

Purpose

A joint Working Group of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM), the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO), and the Australasian Brachytherapy Group (ABG) was created to aid in the transition from the AAPM TG‐43 dose calculation formalism, the current standard, to model‐based dose calculations. This work establishes the first test cases for low‐energy photon‐emitting brachytherapy using model‐based dose calculation algorithms (MBDCAs).

Acquisition and Validation Methods

Five test cases are developed: (1) a single model 6711 125I brachytherapy seed in water, 13 seeds (2) individually and (3) in combination in water, (4) the full Collaborative Ocular Melanoma Study (COMS) 16 mm eye plaque in water, and (5) the full plaque in a realistic eye phantom. Calculations are done with four Monte Carlo (MC) codes and a research version of a commercial treatment planning system (TPS). For all test cases, local agreement of MC codes was within ∼2.5% and global agreement was ∼2% (4% for test case 5). MC agreement was within expected uncertainties. Local agreement of TPS with MC was within 5% for test case 1 and ∼20% for test cases 4 and 5, and global agreement was within 0.4% for test case 1 and 10% for test cases 4 and 5.

Data Format and Usage Notes

Dose distributions for each set of MC and TPS calculations are available online (https://doi.org/10.52519/00005) along with input files and all other information necessary to repeat the calculations.

Potential Applications

These data can be used to support commissioning of MBDCAs for low‐energy brachytherapy as recommended by TGs 186 and 221 and AAPM Report 372. This work additionally lays out a sample framework for the development of test cases that can be extended to other applications beyond eye plaque brachytherapy.
Midwives' experiences with providing home‐based postpartum care during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Akselsen Hanne Marie , Leknes Emilie Hanssen , Engen Tone , Vik Eline Skirnisdottir , Nilsen Anne Britt Vika
Published: September 2023

Aim

To explore midwives' experiences with providing home‐based postpartum care during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Norway.

Design

A descriptive and explorative qualitative study.

Methods

The study is based on semi‐structured individual interviews with 11 midwives experienced in offering home‐based postpartum care. We explored their experiences of such care during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic. Data collection occurred from October through November 2020. An inductive thematic analysis was performed using Systematic Text Condensation (STC) by Malterud (2012).

Results

The following two main results emerged from the analyses: (1) the midwives adapted quickly to changes in postpartum care during the pandemic and (2) midwives saw the experience as an opportunity to re‐evaluate their practices.

Conclusion

This study highlights midwives' resilience and adaptability during the first wave of COVID‐19 pandemic. It emphasises the crucial role of face‐to‐face interactions in postpartum care, while recognising the value of technology when direct access is limited. By shedding light on midwives' experiences, this research contributes to improving postpartum care in unforeseen circumstances. It underscores the significance of interdisciplinary integration in planning postpartum care services and the lasting influence of lessons learned on addressing future challenges.

Implications for Practice

The valuable insights gained from lessons learned during the COVID‐19 pandemic may have a lasting influence on the postpartum care system, empowering it to tackle unforeseen challenges both today and in the future.

Impact

The current study addressed midwives' experience with providing home‐based postpartum care during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Norway. Midwives received an opportunity to re‐evaluate their own practices and valued being included when changes were implemented. The current findings should alert policy makers, leaders and clinicians in postpartum care services when planning future practice.
Impact of European Union label changes to avoid inadvertent use of medicinal products containing methotrexate for once‐weekly administration: A survey amongst prescribers, pharmacists and patients on awareness, knowledge, and behaviour
Authors: Lysen Thom , Karimi Leila , Wang Mo , Singh Shubhra , Toussi Massoud
Published: September 2023

Purpose

To determine the effectiveness of risk minimisation measures (RMM) to avoid inadvertent daily instead of weekly methotrexate (MTX) use, introduced by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) from 2019 onwards.

Methods

Using a cross‐sectional online survey in France, Greece, Germany, Poland, and Sweden in 2022, we assessed awareness, knowledge, and self‐declared behaviour for respondents who prescribed, dispensed, or used once‐weekly MTX in the last 3 months. Respondents' answers were considered as ‘successful’ with regards to RMM effectiveness (vs. unsuccessful) if they provided correct (‘desirable’) responses to 100% of questions regarding awareness and self‐declared behaviour and correct responses to ≥80% of questions about knowledge. Per target population, an outcome was considered successful if achieved by ≥80% of respondents. Effectiveness of RMM was defined by ≥80% being successful on all outcomes.

Results

One‐hundred‐fifty‐one prescribers, 150 pharmacists, and 150 patients completed the survey. Success rates were 56% (95% CI 48.0%–64.3%) for awareness, 42% (95% CI 34.4%–50.7%) for knowledge, and 31% (95% CI 23.8%–39.2%) for self‐declared behaviour among prescribers, 18% (95% CI 12.8%–25.8%) for awareness, 7% (95% CI 3.7%–12.7%) for knowledge, and 50% (95% CI 41.7%–58.3%) for self‐declared behaviour among pharmacists, and 29% (95% CI 21.6%–36.6%) for awareness, and 3% (95% CI 1.1%–7.6%) for knowledge among patients. Overall success was not attained by any target population.

Conclusions

RMM were evaluated as not effective across outcomes of awareness, knowledge, and self‐declared behaviour in prescribers, pharmacists, and patients. Findings suggested we need continued efforts for RMM across all target populations and across all outcomes.
Setting standards for SDLMI fidelity: Promoting Data‐driven decision making to advance Self‐determination instruction
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Pace Jesse R. , Hicks Tyler A. , Raley Sheida K. , Lane Kathleen Lynne
Published: September 2023

This study used the standard setting to establish cutscores for the fidelity of implementation of an evidence‐based intervention, the Self‐Determined Learning Model of Instruction (SDLMI) designed to enhance goal‐directed actions in secondary students with and without disabilities. Cutscores were then applied to fidelity data from a large, randomized trial of the SDLMI with teacher implementers. Findings suggest teachers demonstrate a range of fidelity outcomes over time across three dimensions adherence, quality of delivery, and student responsiveness. Almost all teachers (93%) immediately meet cutscores for the adherence dimension after training, but smaller numbers meet cutscores for quality of delivery (64%) and student responsiveness (69%). However, the quality of delivery and student responsiveness showed growth over time with implementation experience and there was a small effect of intensifying implementation support.
Green Synthesis of CdS/CISe Core‐Shell Structured Quantum Dots and Their Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Zhang Jiapeng , Zhang Hui , Du Qinghua , Xie Xinjian , Fang Yi , Tang Chengchun , Chen Guifeng
Published: September 2023

Quantum dots (QDs) of I‐III‐VI2 ternary compounds, such as CuInSe2 (CISe) and CuInS2 (CIS), have broad application prospects as light‐absorbing layers in solar cells due to their excellent photoelectric properties. Nevertheless, the presence of large numbers of surface defects in quantum dots will affect their performance. In this study, inverted type‐I CdS/CISe core‐shell QDs are successfully synthesized through thermal injection method in triethylene glycol, which is green and safe. By changing the molar ratios of CdS and CISe QDs, the components and optical properties of core‐shell QDs are intensively studied by using different characterization methods (XRD, TEM, EDS, UV–vis, Raman, and fluorescence spectrum). The solar cells with the structure of FTO/TiO2/CdS/CdS/CISe/Mo are assembled, where the CdS/CISe core‐shell QDs are used as absorption layers. The prepared devices exhibit an efficiency of 1.01% under an AM 1.5 G spectrum with a light intensity of 100 mW cm−2.
The effects of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) on glycemic indices: A GRADE‐assessed systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Abbasi Shaghayegh , Mashatan Noushin , Farmani Elahe , Khodashenas Mehran , Musazadeh Vali , Ahrabi Sana Sedgh , Moridpour Amir Hossein , Faghfouri Amir Hossein
Published: September 2023

Although several studies have revealed the benefits of purslane on glycemic indices, the results of some studies reject such effect. Therefore, aim of this meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was to assess the effects of purslane supplementation on glycemic indices. Scientific international databases as Scopus, Web of Sciences, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library were searched up to December 2022. For net changes in glycemic indices, weighted mean differences (WMDs) were calculated using random‐effects models. Purslane supplementation had a statistically significant reduction in fasting blood glucose [FBG, WMD: −6.37; 95% CI: −9.34, −3.40, p < 0.001]. In addition, purslane did not significant effect on serum levels of insulin [WMD: −0.74; 95% CI: −2.58, 1.10; p = 0.430], homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance [HOMA‐IR, WMD: −0.25; 95% CI: −0.88, 0.37, p = 0.429], and QUICKI [WMD: −0.01; 95% CI: −0.01, 0.03, p = 0.317] compared with the control group. The results of our meta‐analysis revealed a beneficial effect of purslane supplementation as a tool to decrease FBG levels, but not to HOMA‐IR, insulin, and QUICKI levels. However, future high‐quality, long‐term clinical trials are needed to confirm our results.
A continuum damage model for creasing and folding of paperboard
Authors: Robertsson Kristofer , Jacobsson Erik , Wallin Mathias , Borgqvist Eric , Ristinmaa Matti , Tryding Johan
Published: September 2023

A continuum damage framework is proposed for modelling the delamination process occurring in paperboard during mechanical loading. The main application of interest is line creasing and subsequent line folding used in package forming. To adequately capture creasing and folding, a continuum damage framework that uses a single isotropic damage variable that evolves with the plastic strains associated with out‐of‐plane shearing is used. The damage evolution is calibrated against folding experiments for a specific reference mesh, and a simple scaling strategy is proposed to reduce the inherent mesh dependency. To highlight the potential of the proposed model, an illustrative 3D example is considered where a paperboard sheet is creased by two plates and folded to resemble the corner of a package.
Comparison of threshold tuning methods for predictive monitoring
Authors: von Stackelberg Paulina , Goedhart Rob , Birbil Ş. İlker , Does Ronald J. M. M.
Published: September 2023

Predictive monitoring techniques produce signals in case of a high predicted probability of an undesirable event, such as mortality, heart attacks, or machine failure. When using these predicted probabilities to classify the unknown outcome, a decision threshold needs to be chosen in statistical and machine learning models. In many cases, this is set to 0.5 by default. However, this may not lead to an acceptable model performance. To mitigate this issue, different threshold optimization approaches have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we compare existing thresholding techniques to achieve a desired false alarm rate, and also evaluate the corresponding precision and recall performance metrics. A simulation study is conducted and a real‐world example on a medical dataset is provided.
Responsive materials based on coordination bonds
Authors: Chen Shi‐Yi , Zhao Zi‐Han , Li Cheng‐Hui , Li Quan
Published: September 2023

Responsive materials can respond to different external stimuli by changing their chemical or/and physical properties, thus being useful for various applications such as drug delivery, bioimaging, actuators, and sensors. A common strategy for constructing responsive materials is to introduce dynamic covalent bonds or noncovalent interactions into polymer systems. Compared with noncovalent interactions and other covalent bonds, coordination bonds have the peculiarity that their bond strength and dissociation rate can be tuned to a greater extent. Such tunability makes coordination bonds uniquely advantageous in constructing stimuli‐responsive materials. Herein, we summarize the recent progress of responsive materials based on coordination bonds that are classified into seven categories, that is, thermo‐responsive, photo‐responsive, electro‐responsive, mechano‐responsive, chemo‐responsive, pH‐responsive, and other responsive materials, according to the type of external stimuli. The corresponding mechanism, design strategy, and research status of each category are comprehensively summarized. Finally, the prospects and challenges for the development of stimuli‐responsive materials based on coordination bonds are discussed.
Assessment of adaptive optics‐corrected optical links statistics from integrated turbulence parameters through a Gaussian process metamodel
Authors: Klotz Emile , Lefebvre Sidonie , Vedrenne Nicolas , Musso Christian , Poulenard Sylvain , Fusco Thierry
Published: September 2023

With the development of free space optical links (FSO) for space‐ground communications comes the need to mitigate the effects of the atmospheric turbulence to guarantee a lossless connection. By having a network of addressable ground stations, we want to guarantee to always target a point where the link is available. Assuming atmospheric transmission is managed thanks to site diversity, we focus only on the influence of atmospheric turbulence on the signal injected into a single mode fiber on the downlink. The use of adaptive optics (AO) is assumed to avoid turbulence‐induced signal disruptions and enable a sufficiently high level of received signal for data transmission. Up to now, AO performance adequate assessment required the knowledge of high‐resolution
and wind profiles. With the advent of integrated atmospheric parameters measurement instruments, we investigate here the possibility to estimate AO‐corrected performance from a limited number of integrated parameters. In this paper, we propose to use a Gaussian process metamodel to assess the statistics of the received optical power after an AO correction. Taking as input only four integrated parameters of the turbulence profile and associated wind profile, which can be measured with simple instruments, the estimation error on the value of the 1% quantile of the received optical power is inferior to
. We also demonstrate the possibility to estimate the half correlation time of the received optical power using the same integrated parameters.
Ferroelectric Size Effects on Statics and Dynamics of Domain Wall
Authors: Kale Somnath , Petraru Adrian , Kohlstedt Hermann , Soni Rohit
Published: September 2023

Domain walls separating differently oriented polarization regions of ferroelectric materials are known to greatly impact nanoscale materials and device functionalities. Though the understanding of size effects in ferroelectric nanostructures has progressed, the effect of thickness downsizing on domain wall scaling behavior has remained unexplored. Using piezoresponse force microscopy, epitaxial BaTiO3 film thickness size (2–90 nm) effects on the critical scaling universality of the domain wall dynamical creep and static roughness exponents including dimensionality is demonstrated. Independently estimated static roughness exponents ranging between 0.34 and 0.28 and dynamical creep exponents transition from 0.54 to 0.22 elucidate the domain wall dimensionality transition from two‐ to quasi‐one‐dimension in the thickness range of 10–25 nm, which is later validated by evaluating effective dimensionality within the paradigm of random‐bond universality. The observed interdimensional transition is further credenced to the compressive strain and long‐range strain–dipolar interactions, as revealed by the structural analyses and additional measurements with modified substrate‐induced strain. These results provide new insights into the understanding of size effects in nanoscale ferroelectricity, paving the way toward future nanodevices.
NaYF4:Yb/Er@Mn3O4@GOX Nanocomposite for Upconversion Fluorescence Imaging and Synergistic Cascade Cancer Therapy by Apoptosis and Ferroptosis
Authors: Chen Yinyin , Li Haoran , Hou Baoshan , Wu Aimin , Wu Wei , Li Chunxia , Wang Hao , Chen Daiwen , Wang Xianxiang
Published: September 2023

The cell elimination strategy based on reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a promising method for tumor therapy. However, its efficacy is significantly limited by ROS deficiency caused by H2O2substrate deficiency and up‐regulation of cellular antioxidant defense induced by high glutathione (GSH) content in tumor cells. To overcome these obstacles, a multifunctional self‐cascaded nanocomposite: glucose oxidase (GOX) loaded NaYF4:Yb/Er@Mn3O4(UC@Mn3O4, labeled as UCMn) is constructed. Only in tumor microenvironment, it can be specifically activated through a series of cascades to boost ROS production via a strategy of open source (H2O2self‐supplying ability). The increased ROS can enhance lipid peroxidation and induce tumor cell apoptosis by activating the protein caspase. More importantly, the nanozyme can consume GSH to inhibit glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) activity, which limits tumor cell resistance to oxidative damage and triggers the tumor cell ferroptosis. Therefore, this strategy is expected to overcome the resistance of tumor to oxidative damage and achieve efficient oxidative damage of tumor. Further, degradation of the Mn3O4layer induced by GSH and acidic environment can promote the fluorescence recovery of UC fluorescent nuclear for tumor imaging to complete efficient integration of diagnosis and treatment for tumor.
Comprehensive Neurotoxicity of Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals in Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Ngo Loan Thi , Huang Wen‐Tse , Chan Ming‐Hsien , Su Ting‐Yi , Li Chien‐Hsiu , Hsiao Michael , Liu Ru‐Shi
Published: September 2023

To date, all‐inorganic lead halide perovskite quantum dots have emerged as promising materials for photonic, optoelectronic devices, and biological applications, especially in solar cells, raising numerous concerns about their biosafety. Most of the studies related to the toxicity of perovskite quantum dots (PeQDs) have focused on the potential risks of hybrid perovskites by using zebrafish or human cells. So far, the neurotoxic effects and fundamental mechanisms of PeQDs remain unknown. Herein, a comprehensive methodology is designed to investigate the neurotoxicity of PeQDs by using Caenorhabditis elegans as a model organism. The results show that the accumulation of PeQDs mainly focuses on the alimentary system and head region. Acute exposure to PeQDs results in a decrease in locomotor behaviors and pharyngeal pumping, whereas chronic exposure to PeQDs causes brood decline and shortens lifespan. In addition, some abnormal issues occur in the uterus during reproduction assays, such as vulva protrusion, impaired eggs left in the vulva, and egg hatching inside the mother. Excessive reactive oxygen species formation is also observed. The neurotoxicity of PeQDs is explained by gene expression. This study provides a complete insight into the neurotoxicity of PeQD and encourages the development of novel nontoxic PeQDs.
Using Online Solar Photovoltaics Inverter Measurements to Determine the Hosting Capacity of Distribution Grids
Authors: Etherden Nicholas , Alhamwi Mouaz
Published: September 2023

The amount of solar photovoltaics (PV) that can be connected to the grid is a question which, especially for distributed solar, is characterized by a strong information unbalance between, on the one side, the grid operators and on the other side those wanting to feed in electricity. Herein, how the grid impact of PV can be assessed by analyzing inverter voltage measurements that today are available from millions of online PV inverters is demonstrated. In the case where grid capacity is limited by voltage, online PV inverters are shown to provide a valuable complement to distribution system operators estimation of grid capacity. Using 25 million voltage samples from a thousand PV systems, a hosting capacity map is produced for 20 of 21 regions of Sweden. The map shows the amount of PV that typically can be installed without causing voltage rise that would lead to inverter cutoff and loss of production. By monitoring and following the voltage impact from solar PV over time, local saturation effects can be detected and the timing of grid investments better planned. The information could also enhance regulators in their role to monitor grid operators and assure the right level of grid investments.
Rational Fabrication of Fe3O4/Co3O4/Graphdiyne Tandem Heterojunction toward Optimized Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Xie Haiyan , Wang Kai , Li Songling , Jin Zhiliang
Published: September 2023

Graphdiyne (GDY) is a novel two‐dimensional material composed of sp and sp2 hybridized carbon atoms. Herein, GDY nanosheets are prepared from tribromobenzene by a simple ball‐milling‐assisted reduction–elimination method and is introduced into Fe3O4 colloidal spheres and Co3O4 cubes by low‐temperature mixing to efficiently synthesize Fe3O4/Co3O4/GDY tandem heterojunction photocatalysts. The hydrogen evolution activity of the optimized catalyst is 4.02 mmol g−1 h−1 under visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm), which is 100.05, 10.05, and 3.65 times higher than that of Fe3O4 (0.04 mmol g−1 h−1), Co3O4 (0.40 mmol g−1 h−1), and GDY (1.10 mmol g−1 h−1), respectively. In addition, the Prussian blue analog (PBA)‐derived Co3O4 improves the light‐harvesting efficiency and reaction kinetics. More importantly, the establishment of tandem heterojunctions prompts energy‐level alignment and optimizes charge multichannel transfer, which is the dominant factor for enhanced photocatalytic activity. Combined with time‐resolved photoluminescence spectra, valence band X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, the possible mechanism of Fe3O4/Co3O4/GDY series heterojunction is proposed and elucidated. This work provides a new idea for the construction of tandem heterojunctions based on graphdiyne and PBA derivatives.
Controlled Morphological Arrangement of Anisotropic Nanoparticles via Oxidation or Ionic Cross‐Linking
Authors: Rosebrock Marina , Graf Rebecca T. , Kranz Daniel , Christmann Hannah , Bronner Hannah , Hannebauer Adrian , Zámbó Dániel , Dorfs Dirk , Bigall Nadja C.
Published: September 2023

For a long time, researchers in nanochemistry have been exploring ways to create 3D structures using cross‐linked nanoparticles, such as lyogels and aerogels. In the present work, how simple modifications to the nanoparticle surface can be used to influence the resulting structure in a targeted manner is demonstrated. Specifically, positively charged surface ligands containing amine groups are compared to negatively charged ligands typically used, containing carboxylic acid groups, to generate network structures using different gelation agents. By utilizing bridging through S2− ions, a network structure of anisotropic CdSe/CdS nanorods is generated, packing them side by side at the nanoscopic level. The resulting structures exhibit improved fluorescence properties comparable to those of tip‐to‐tip connected networks but without harsh conditions for the nanoparticle surfaces. This innovative new method of gelation using S2− ions can achieve adequate photoluminescence quantum yields as well as prolonged fluorescence lifetimes compared to other network structures.
Fast Ions Transportation in Nanochannel with ATPase‐Like Structure
Authors: Lu Bingxin , Xiao Tianliang , Zhang Caili , He Jianwei , Zhai Jin
Published: September 2023

Ion transport plays an important role in various biological processes because of the ability of ions to move rapidly in biological ion channel‐confined spaces. For example, rapid proton transport in ATPases is attributed to confined channel spaces and conjugated sites. According to molecular dynamics simulations, the confined spaces and conjugated sites in nanochannels can enhance ion transport. Herein, it is demonstrated that the ATPase‐like structures of sulfonic acid‐modified covalent organic framework nanochannels, which promote the formation of highly ordered and continuous water molecular chains and confined spaces, can support ion (H+, Li+, Na+, and K+) transport rates that are an order of magnitude higher than those of bulk water. The ion transport rates in the nanochannel are superior to those in other artificial channels. Moreover, the selectivity of cations in the nanochannel is evaluated using the diffusion potential with a concentration gradient. The simulations and experimental results demonstrate that confined spaces and conjugated sites are crucial for efficient ion transport in nanochannels modified by sulfonic acid groups as cation conductor materials.
Modulating the Electronic Structure of Ni/NiO Nanocomposite with High‐Valence Mo Doping for Energy‐Saving Hydrogen Production via Boosting Urea Oxidation Kinetics
Authors: Maheskumar Velusamy , Min Ahreum , Moon Cheol Joo , Senthil Raja Arumugam , Choi Myong Yong
Published: September 2023

Electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction (UOR) has emerged as a promising alternative to the anodic oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water electrolysis. However, UOR faces challenges like slow kinetics, high energy barriers, and a complex mechanism, necessitating the development of efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, a rapid method is proposed for synthesizing Mo‐doped Ni/NiO (Ni/MNO) nanocomposite as a highly effective UOR electrocatalyst. Mo doping oxidizes Ni2+ to Ni3+, creating abundant active sites for UOR. The Ni/MNO catalyst exhibits remarkable activity for both OER and UOR due to Mo doping, structural modulation, increased active sites, and the presence of Ni3+ ions. Optimized Ni/MNO‐10 shows a low OER overpotential of 280 mV and a UOR working potential of 1.37 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode at 10 mA cm−2, with exceptional stability over 12 h of continuous electrolysis. Notably, urea‐assisted water splitting requires only 1.45 V for 10 mA cm−2, significantly less than the overall water splitting voltage (1.65 V), indicating energy‐efficient hydrogen production. Moreover, the Ni/MNO catalyst exhibits outstanding long‐term stability. This work presents a rapid and effective approach to synthesizing cost‐effective and efficient electrocatalysts for clean energy production and wastewater treatment.